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1
еʶʱֻԼȫ£ͷŶʲôţ͸Ժȴһ긾ڰԹŭ
Ҫ̫°ʮҪȥˣ㡭㣬ô죿ȣȿȡҡ

Ϸˡ

ʶѣϸһײֱɵԴϣٲȻһߵӣΪ˺ʿܵؽ䲦ӣۿȴһҵľ´ʮˣз۰Ѿװģ޳й󸾴ģҲС˺͡Ǹˣס˿壬ֻ֪ͷϴŸ߹Σںڣʵꡣ
һɫţΧһλŵĸˣеĺеĽС

ڵĽǶȡϣֻܿϸ˵ĺ󱳣ҲڸǲסЩ壬ͷϽ˽ΣȴɳжȣԿϵҲʡ

ʲô״Ǹ׼Ϲڽߣͻδ磬ҳ۾ȻʲôԴȻ󡭡ȻǹװϷֳݣԱΧߣڼʲŷϢŨңȫûִĻĸţ˵ϷʵЩˡ

ͻȻиѾߵĿϣű˫ȭ࣬ŷҾ徵ľִУһȻĿ
ˡˡѾͷֽŶʼˡ

ǣӵ߶ϴתǰȻʵ긾˻˲ţһ龪֣Щ˲Ծ˽ŲЩ˸ɴŶæӴܣһ֤ʲô÷鷢ˡ

ԽԵĴԽ

뷨ԺɿɨԼţͣ˫֡·ǰ׵ģϵİײһɫ͵ԭӣҲڣ˫֣ƺϸ޳ཿԾԼϸ۵ķʣģ˵˿ǵļһһҲ֡

2
㡭ûǰֻӻǰһŷ֣һͼ޵УȻ˪Ϣ飬β׵òüԼޣӡ󣬸ͦжȵıӰĴǣһۼףǶǰһöǻĺɫͼͶʱµװΣϡ

ǾﲻѣҲ¶ֻ΢ģǱʶãˣӦǵġ

һһߵң˲ջأд˿˿⡣

Ȼûؿ۾漴תЯſ䣬򱳣Ƶû
ûһλװŮ˾ϸɤŹֽһ긾ᣬ欺ܶ࣬˿͵Ʈ૵թʬɡ
вᣬֱ߽˶˿ʵ긾ˣϷ˻ط򣿡
ǣׯ

̫Ϸ˺ͷˣׯٽϳʱĻܿóۣϷׯׯӡ
ׯˣӣ㤣
ԭеӡ
һоķ

ٷ֮ʮŵžȷԼƶһ̣е㼤е˷ܣҲ֮˽࣬㲻͸һλУԽ޺ӡ

ȻûװķΪαֵƽϲô˸ղţûٶ࿴ԼһۣĿֻǽϷˣֱһ뿪ӡ
ͱأ
ﶼȥˣҲӦõİɣ

Ů˸Ŵ󲿶ӳʱǲ͵һڻˣֻʣѾߣԶԶվſڵ໥񣬲ǰֱעǲֹͣ

ˡһĸߴѾͷһǰˣӵū澸·ɣ
ͷȴſڽ

3
ȵһѾһѣſѾŹţҲ£ʣң
ѾԾ漴㲻֪صͷ
Ϊթʬ𣿡Ϊжķ֣
˭˾ͨˣŵظū澲ңū澲ҡ

ӣǵԼթʬһֻʱܷҧ˵ϻĪǣ˲ǸĵĽɫ͸ѾҲ۸ô

һ·ɡ²ȣʹ˶ЩģֻǾһ㡣

Ȼ֣Ѿ˼װʧĻᣬһоͶҪ̽Ѱˣȵ˽ΧǣСѾߵ֡


㣬ڻѣȵٽȥɡ
Ҫ죡һȥŭ䡰ߡһűƿˡ


ֻһλεɫȹԼĪʮ߰Ĺ˽ƫݣŮһҲ٣ֻͷ϶Σ֬ˮҲȱ˺أȴǼɰһ۾ģ峺úܣעĿͷ΢΢ЩƤӣһ۵ģ˵ĸоͦá

ܵǰ۴Źʣûллأллأ

ֳɹˣĪԼǵʵ۵Ů̫Ů

һ˵벻ϵɱˣ·û뵽챣ӡҪʲộҲûˣϺ̫ĹңҲĹԼ˵Ѿͷ⻨תˡ

ϵһǹԾĪίûɣҲúܾɥɣ˳ǣɥʲôĲԼģֲĴ
һ£漴Сһ鳤˹ѾߣҲ˵ãҷĻһֱչ˺ùҪˣҵȻΡ

ûв´ǴСԼѾߣӦ˽ԼǸ˰ɡ

4
࣬£ͻȻӹѾҪϵϵ̬ȥɣź򡣡
ǡµλѾ˳¡

ƽҲ˲ٴιƵĽɫ͵ƾԼǹѾһҲ㹻ҫİɣֲڽʱԿŵѾߴСС

Ǳ֮ǰö࣬ȻԹĺηѲ˸ϵ
·͸ͷ

ͭӳһͼˣüԶ죬㣬ˮ㣬鶯⻪ıСɾΣӣҵƬгӦ׼ĹǱִPSһ㣬һŮ·ׯĿݺǾ䡣

һ߶߶˵˺ܶ໰ȴܻȡϢĶ̸ֱϵɱ⡣

ôô벻أӦϰ˸ׯܲǡ
Ϊׯܣϵɱģ̽ʡ
𣿡һ죬漴ƽͷ˵ׯܣͿʼˤֱҹͥԷ˶ˣһѾ
벻ĻʲôԭɣͻȻԵʡ
ûУ

ԭԷ޸鲢ãǾᳳ췭ظܲ˶ŶŮڼʲйͣҲѹʱׯûʲôϲ֮ɫ˵ڹүûаŮ˴߰ɡ

ԺɱɵˡĳׯȻ˼⣬ƽҲʲô챦ͣʲôóԵĺúȵģҲһƷ

˵ҲӦ

˵ĵȵң¥ŮݿˣׯĻģֻҪ֣Լ˵ͻˡ˵𾢣ŵ˿ɲԽҪ˩סԽԽԶԶġ

˵˼װֻͬǣң¥Ů˭أʡ
ǹ̸ģЦҪǹ֪Щ

ЦΪİĴ£òעԼÿһӦÿ˵һ仰ݣҪ˼ǣΪԼĲСģ˿ҵȻ󱻿أɾͲ̫ˡ





ڶ

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߸Ѿߣ֪໹µһƿҩ˵÷˾˵ӡۣ˳㻹Ҫһԣǵõԣԥѡ˺ߣû׼Ҫôİס

ԹͣʹڷﲻȥˣȴˣѾ߰

ᡭЩԸƺǵԼҹȻ벻ʲô˵¡
ȥɣһξͲˣŶá٩٩Ȼݳһİɫ
Űɣ˳ӣȴԶſãȷûʲô쳣жķС쳤չ˺ùĻԹ뿪

ڴ˰Σһ˫۾ֳֿעǸӯī֮ġС鷿һӿǽŸҲл

һȴһԼȵ¶˴ɫһӵĻ񣬿ƮݣǰǸǻĺɫͼһ֤ׯٿиӡ£дšh֡

⻭hġ
hǹ֣˵Ǽ䰮Ľ˵ģңл֮š

·˼飬ϤĲϤģȴûṩЧϢֱĳ룬߰˷ż¶ϲȻдּ֮ʲĿȫûʲô巨ԣòײ³һȴֲ֪ĺν⣬⼸Ŷǳͬһ֣֮Ψһе㱻οĵطǣȷʵи֡
⻹Уŷдʱ䣬ǴǺ͵¸

֪Щʷ֪ʶڴѧҵ֮ǰʦҲȫ͵ǷĴڡ

ˣͻߵϷˡ
һ;Щ⣬Ӧžͱƿˣ긾˾Ϳ޳Ĵỽhҵĺöϱ

hȻš

6
ſ긾̬ӺݣЩ֣ϵƤɳˣȴҲǽϾףҲõʱޡ

ʱǰ涣ϸֿһָգû¾ͺãû¾ͺá
һ̾Ϣ㽫뻳У˵ɰżˡ

ȻӦýţʲôġƺҲ벻ʲôĽзˡһϲͷЦˣǲ֪⹫ʲôĸ飬׽

ʵϣƺҲûҪ̫ڹ˼Ӧе̬ȰɣȻע˼룬ԺģҲ̬⣬ôڲ뵽أֻҪջͺá

ûˣԺҲɵ£ŷİɡ
ԣϷɿ˫ٰ֣һЩĿ⡣

ɴȷⲻǹķӦѾԺҪԼҲ˻ðƵģһ룬ﵹ˲١

ôˣΪңװô޺ʡ
ûûʲôе֡ϷЦૡ
ǲǾұ˸ƵģΪ
šҲǣϷ˶˶ٽ˵;ͻȻð˲٣ûء㲻¸̫ɣ

Ϸƺ¹ôӣ¶һΣԬˣҲܲˣ̫¼޵ңʵίˣֻϸܰ
˵ţŵᡣ

ô˵¶һ棬ֱǴǰ˸תģŵȤһҲ˺ܶ࣬ˡǰԼĲðɣŻܸ
Ϊ֪ýзԬ־ͽԬжϡЩԥܿЦЦ˵ŻܳܣֵüĻ̻̲ǣҲá

ԬԡϷǸжϵҾƴҲҪң¥Ͼϵɡ

ǰеŮ˰ɡ

7
ûн⣬˵ţһɢɢɣ
Ϸ¶ɻ֮ɫæͣͻȻһһľҿûɣһҪȻǺǣţ߰ɡ

ҲҲáϷӦϻϲúܡ

ڳŵʱϷͻȻʲôѾ߷Ը࣬ȥһ˿
ǡԭԸߴĽ࣬ôһСľˡ

Ϸ˵ĳ֣Ǹ˺һ㣬˽һЩ飬¶

һɫ˿Ϸ˽Ĳϣһɫɴְ׵ȹѺǴ䣬ǡȥ˺ۡ
һһϣ˶Ц漴Ѿǲ֮£гء

¹ͣȴÿһɽӣ̨ͤ¥󣬲ӣŹץסص㣬ͻ᳢żסֻϷ岻Ǻܽʣߵú˵˺ܼĸоżȵͦ˵ġ

ҪЪϢɣ̲סȰ
Ϸȴ֣˵ѵԸⲡӳߣ룬ͷһΰɣȣȡ

ܵḧĺ󱳣һ·࣬Ϸ˴һѾ໥˸ŵ

ǰһƬС֡էһȫϸһƷŷ÷¡ĺһ΢͹ĵƣһСͤ羰ӣͤ¿һرľɡ

ţȥǸͤ
ðϷЦŲ˲ӡ

һʯӵСͨͤζȻ
Ÿ̤ȥ΢棬ƮƮŵ˾ˬϷ£ԼҲͤı£⡣

ԭ͹ƵĺһţӳǳγĺˮиƼĽӦθ֣ϵ£һӽŸֻܣеóֵģвֵģڣΧǳɫˮβɷǺÿԶԶȥׯ԰һɹʯţзݣ̨ͤ¥ﻨ㡣

8
̲סĵʵĸ̾21͹ҵȾĳУܿȻ

ϷֻЦȫ⺢ʲôﶼ̬
Ȼֱ˻λãԲͻһ㣬յĿ˺ͽ֮үĥӰôԭԴԵı仯

ɫ֮ʱʯϳׯԬӰǰУͻͤӭŮӣͣɻŮʲô

䣬Ҳע⵽ĴڣջãֱԼµ·ʧΣȱˣﻹྯ裬ĪģܾѶԸ

㿴ʲôˣϷ˾òԾҲ߽̽һȴʲôûš
Цһ£ûʲôţǳҲôˣȥɣҲˡ
Ϸ˵Ҳ㼴ɷܵˣ̽ͷ֮ǰӵķȴֻܺɵӦУҲãȥɣҲҪúϢϢ

˻Ѿͷ߳С֣·ڸԬ˸档

ɫ͸ϢضţֱЩ顣
ĲףԼΪʲôôĻţ˵ġ
һҪסǡ

Ԭʱӣһ쵽ܣׯﻹкܶҲҪΪǣϷһͿʼ˵̡
ôһ𣿡Ϸ˵Ȼ˸ף˹ĵֻ

ôһ𣿡ҲǹŸ°͸Իϱһɢʲô𣿡
Ԭ䡰ߡһĮȻǲм

ǳܵķްɣֻһˣԼǡɡתԵˣ鲻һˣôͰڳ̬ҰĪ

ϷˣԼĶӻԭ£ȻۼҪͷæȰסԬҸhɢɢôʲôȥæİɡ

Ԭһ漴ת








9
ƺ˻֣̿Զ̬ʱӱܣɡΪʲôҪȥ֮Ļû˵ڣϷ˾ͿȰȥɣú̸̸𼤶

ǳɵػŲ˲ӣüͷϴĲԸ

һǰһʼձ֮ңûԸ˴˵ľ룬˴죬԰һ磬Ԭͣתʲô³Զ϶˼סˣ

ôа񣿸ദõҪ˼ˣ㹻ʧܡ

ԬҪɻΪʲô˵ȴԼĳ²ؼ㺣ûޣҲûŭɫ

ҸûҪ϶ʲô˼̽ԼæϵĻľժһƬҶˡ
ԸԡԬӦ˵¸̫ʮٳһһ˾ǡ

ôҪ̫ˣΪ޳ȥŮóȥˮû뵽⹫Ǹ˼ҺӲһǲܳĹҲûҪȥ̫ɣ˵⹫ͬһ㡣

áôȴӦ˵¸¿϶£Ųġ

ƽҲ£Ԭùģڲϰߡ

û£ҿԻطϢ˰ɣˡ±ֱֱؿܵܿ͸Լһ㣬˽Ҫ㿪

Ԭû˵ʲôֻӣԲһ

ȥ˿ظ»ˣ԰ԼղŸϷû߹ˣͲ֪ǲнݾصԼסĵطˣΪ˱ò˳ԭ·ء

˭֪·ϾǰǸΪԼթʬŮ˴һСѾͷӭΪ֪ͥݺ͵λҲðȻкֻͣηӦ

Ů˻Яųĵ̣Լʮ껪ݿɼΣ˼ĸоЩۡ

ʱҲжݵĴ㶣ܿЦø仨ƵģٲǰɻʣǵׯһҪȥأҲѾߣأ

10
΢΢ЦЦ˵ȥģǳĴߣҲûðš

hǺˡŮЩ죬˵ŷ£ھͿʼɢˣׯ԰ľɫȷ߶߶ûл

ֻЦ

ŮԾȤҲͲٶ˵ʲô˵뿪ʱ򣬺ͻȻһСˡׯ԰ӵС˶ɫϵ·š󺰣ˣСүˡ

һһðСүҪ
Сܹ֮Ů˽˵үСھͽȥ
ԭ⡰ˡǽԼġ

ģҵĸζˣŮϲɫ˵ֱűǷԸߵѾ߻ݸԼһЩҪƷȻҪˣһԵֻߵʱˣס˵hҸϷ˵һһؼҵȥˡ˰ɣ㲻˵Ҳ˸

֪ͻȻ鷳ԼƵĸı⣬Զȥ˻񣬴Լﲻʲô˵Ľɫɡ

ûǴĻһա
ԭŮĳҵˣ˸ĸαӽӣû϶ǵġȻ˸ʲôϵأʱû취֪

øˣ칦򲻵ʱȻ֪ôණ˵İɣߵԽԽҲԽԽףֹ۵롣

صסһ۾ͿŷţŶڲྐྵӣȫȻûһѾߵӡ벻ͨǸѾͷݣ˼顣

ʶˣйоصվʺ򣺡
šӦɨһصĹӿǣԾһüͷִеİ칫¥ԼְԱҲЩġ

ɫԣȴȻ֪Լԭ򣬻Цǰʣˣǲׯˣ˵Ϸɢʱׯ˵ʲôˣ

ʵĻ࣬ǸѾߣ

ûʲô˵ǰĹôԼѾͷһǺ׽ģԷԽ飬Խڣ֮£ϲ¡ȥɡˣǵȰɨɾ

11
Ŷ죬ʣµĹȫ뿪ߵſڶȻæɨһ°ɡ
ǡӦžȥɨѺðҲǸСӡ

ֱΪ¾òƽֲ˵ʲôɲʱߵѾߣȫûֱԼġС鷿ʼоּ

ΪȤ֣ϴѧʱμӹ鷨ЭᣬдëֻˢӵģҲóģ£᳤˵ֻҪ¹ģ֮ͤҲģȻǹˣȴҲ

ת۾Էʱ䣬һȥǰʹһԣ֪ׯ԰﾿мŴ

һ·ԼУͣؽлŷһô޼ɻţԼͲߴ·

һȾҪͨʱͻȻ߹ȰԬûüסţӲײϣ̧ͷׯһ쾪æ˵档

ȥԷǳǳЦЦʡ
ţԬޱ飬ȹȥȥ鷿е¡

ķӦ֪Ҳÿʱỵ̈ÿһμ涼ûɫġ

ȻɵˣڰͨǰĵԬռʣǰߺұӦߣܲԭزģֻܶһѣоǰҽš


ҶͷˣǺǡһԼ֪Լѡ·æͣת¶һȻ

Ԭ״Щ죬۽

Ҫȥģɻʡ

һɵԭǰ߲ǶԵģɰѾͷԼûëŶԹޡ

֪ôεʱԬߴһ磬ǰУһ߻ס˽꣬ߴ·Īӻˣߡ
󷢳һЦ

ðɣãӻˡ

ƵתǰУһʰղͻȻʲô
˿ûϵã¶˿ڣ˵žְׯſ˰ɡ

Ϊô¡ֱ뷭ۡ

12 
ǰȻֻϷһϰڵȴ㹻ʮ˳ԵĲȣԼ˵Ҳã

ϷʾϱԼǸλ£ʣǰԬ㣬ûиúģ
šͷ
˵Щʲôˣ̫̫ԭһԡ
ûʲô˵¸»ؾһˡ
ţϷϵЦһֱûмЪ³̫ʮٳŮǸûȥ

𾪣ʮˣôԼԶʮŮŴҲȸ鵱ʵ۲磬Ҳߣܵܣ

ԬôϷſԸһ׺ͷܼңȥߴߣһ֮Էǡ
ǡǸܼǷǷȥˡ

ΪʲôֻԬأ˵һӾֻˣ
ʵ֤ԷĹȻֻԬҲֻˣǲſʼʢ꣬Ҳ֪ġ

ϣϷ˲ͣظвˣ˵㰮ԵģԵ㡣
һ㣬ʢֻ֮Ŭʡ

һٷԬûнһ仰뿪ʱ˵ĸ֣ҳԺˡ

һӲȺĻʣʮ֮û˳ԣ̲ס˵ôֳԲ̫꣬˷ˡ
ԣϷ΢㶣Цŵ˵һС̽һݵĸ߹󡣡

ԭⱾǹݳ޵˼άֲˡôһǵһǣԺûȷ״֮ǰܲ˵˵úá

ֻǲ֪Ǹǻ˵⻰ʱԬŸտżߵűߣһڶ˶Ի

ģֻŮһ£֮͸Լߵô̬Ȼôò⣬Ů˻ǲĵİɣɽׯ˸Ѿ߰û˭ô







13 
ǰôôݳޡո̾һЦЦϷ˵ţԺˣ٣̫˷ֻ»Ǵһ¡
Ϊ֪˺ܴĸĹۣǲϷ˼롣

ô˵Ϸ˼ЩжǸԵĹϱ

һ䡰һ¡͵ԬΪݣԹγﰵװǻơ
漴뿪һ߳ɽׯС

ԶԶؾݺݺң¥¥¥ٻӣѽ
õû֦չĵŮεһɦŪˣһüĿ飬ĿֻΪˣǮˡ

衣ĳŮһԬң¥ĴţϰΪس¥ϺһЦͷʧׯ¥롣

¥˹ԺЦ˻ǲã˼顣ʹˣң¥ܳഺŮ¶ĳʺͺȴĻ꣬˫޶һһ㣬ôЭص׺ŵӡ

Ůң¥ҵģ
Ҳ¥˳׬ӣԼң¥һΪϰ壬䶯ǡȻн죬ٲĳ˵İЭ˵Сһ㶼֣Ը㣬޹ʽܱ˵ʩᣬҪʩԮ֣ĳֻˡ

ĳ˼ׯԬǰǱ²ʱʮ꣬һ׷֮˵޷԰ˣʱʮꡣ
ʵ֤ԬĲ֮òں

˵£ѴӾǰͷ˾ռߵһ׮ֱɽׯһκˣʱĽ죬Ҳٴ˶ˡ

14
Ԭӭ¥ԼĹ뷿ɵþһӭԼڹҵķһ㡣

£Ҷ˵ˡһߵòˮһ߽Ԭ¡
šԬӹƷ
ôôҿûôȻ̫Ǳ߲ýɡ棬ȫǶ˵İԺ̱Ƚǡ

ԬŸ˰˵ҵϣ
ָĴǰĻ˻ȥҡҡͷĸһЦͷҪסǹĽᷢӡ

ҪԬսģԼ࣬ŵأû˯úòãûвĿˣ
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҆£Ԭˡ
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屻ᱧƬ̱绨ƽ̾͵ϣԼľһ۵ǳ۰ٺϣҶ顣

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벻֪û䣬ģһֱû䡣

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Ǽʱ׹ңȴ޴⡣

ֱ˶ˣԬķ˿һӣƾԼĥ䡣

15
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ׯ԰ΪðţѾͷ֪ҰȥˣӰӶûţҪȥ鷳ֱţſѾͷȿ˳һЩֵøɡ

ׯ԰Ժܴ󣬱һѧУ԰֪˶٣ôһǹ䲻ģֻݹŴϵĹɣߵׯ԰ĳڣǴǼȴΰģԵİʯҫӰӣƷǷݡ

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ס˹ʲôأ档

16
ͻȻȥˣ𣿡˵ţӣȴȻ˵ϡ
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ļƣæв׽סֹֻǿסˣٵˣɡ
Ƭ죬۾ﱥ⡣

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˸ôãҪͬӣЩСţȻ岻Լģһʱȴôýܡ

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ˣУַڴţЩ죬Ƿģתۻ⣬ֻǱˡ

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19
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20
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21
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25
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28
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ӲʣؿŲͣ͵ƺһĨζЦ⣬ᣬĲѡ

ûǰ˺ܶȱ£ûʲôɫĶûһ˿ϸһᣬ˾ôԭ𣿡Ÿʶõǰ׵ԼһҲΣǰʲô죬Լѷ

ƵòӰȻôô

ɩɩĹ°ӷôһпӦǸпɡ
һɸжˣֱðʣң
ûãҪܹ˺űȽҪӡǺǡһЦͻȻüëҲЩ

û°ɣȡ࣬Ծĺ󱳣ܿʶջȴָ֪ˡ

ƽؿڵĲɨһ۸ǰŮӣ¶һݸЦ⣬ɩɩ߰ɡ

š£ԼģߵԬĵطͲҼˣͣ˵Ҵȥĵطɣ鷿ĻȽơ
Ӳԡ

ϲܿһƬ˹ļϣһ˵һ㣬ֶΪ

ʲô⣬ֱʰɡһ·Ȼ׼ӦԵĲԡ
Ҳûʲô£ЦЦ˵Ҿ֪Ȼʼݱʱһֽگϣ»ʵۣ̫ӣǡ
˶٣ؿ˵Ļӣ

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˵ôֻ֪Ǹ

ɩɩ˵ٻ˲ǣҡȣŵȻʵʱдگ飬ī˭Ϊ̳ˣв֪ĵ

ֱп࣬Դȴòɿڤ˼





ڰ£׽棩

29
Ǵӻ̫ӣ֪û취شģǷӣҪ֪ʲô

ɩɩ뽲滰Ҿû취ˡЦݿ䣬ѡڳ͢кܶ˶ԻвɩɩȻңڡһϣҲϣʲôɣ

hãûЩΪϺģǣĲ֪

㣬ͻȻЦݣЩʱҲڳôģǲ㡭
ûаѻ˵ȫ϶hйء
㻳ɱ

ʣԼҲhɵģ˭𴽽Цôң˵ˣɩɩȥΪ̱˵㣬ȴҲɱڡҪĴ𰸣Ѿҵˣлɩɩ

Ȼ˵ʲôҿʲôû˵
ҵʲôˣʡ

ֻصЦ˵ǡ

ȻȥİɫӰһиܵദĲףʹôһԼܶøеˡ
ֻǰɫӰ߳׵ľͻȻͣ£תԼһڻ˻

ʲô£ʣȴǱĳĪΡ
¡ǰͣ£ҡȣмְο֮ɩɩβ뿪㣿һԸǵвãһ嶯Ѱģúñء

ָhϵɱ°
ЦЦ˵֪Ժٲɵˡ

Ǿͺáת
ȵȡһ̣嶯ظˣȻϲңҲҪҹ¿һ

ԣЩ죬ȻҪԬͷ

Ҫҡ

仰𾪣òһ죺ǣ޵ңּ̫ܲҲҪġ

̫ӦhҪԭˡ
»ؾǣһּܲˡ˵

ӻָǰݣЦⲻʧΪһ÷

ûȰ裬ҲûȫȻһӣЩԹޣϸ룬ȷʵûϵţԹʲô

30
һߺ󲻾ãԬͳ嵽ķ䣬ŭӴץżɽʣ˵Ҫ㣿

뵽ͨģ⣬֪ãֻǿ񲢲Ұ
𣿡ÿץסԼ첲֣ŵ¸»ؾǣҾĸּ

ңԬ
۾Ȼ
ΪʲôӦúܸ˲ǡ

ԬֻͣǱһӻƵģ䡰ߡһҪߣ״ɿܵǰ棬Ҫ˵Ȼɡ
ǷɵĴûᣬô⸱̬ȣˣǿŤĹϲҲΪԼá

Ϊҵǿ̤ģԬݳӯ֮

ŶԭӦǣҵҪ˵άŲҪΪhĴ󵢸Լġ
ú롣֪¼͸˵

ԬһۣЩû뵽㺣漴뿪ǰŭѾƽˡ
ң¥ҵҪ޵¸֪

ͻȻʣô˵
ԬͷǲܵģҲ֣߾ߣʲôط
ЦЦһָԬСʣΪǸԵδأ
ԬĬˣ״ҲͲ˻⡣

ڶȥԷǣ˵հͤh£ĸоܻǼһת顣

ҪļʼɱΣʲôı졣Ԭ˵⻰ʱͻ뵽hġޡһ£úܣһΣ治֪Ҫʲô

仯ˣҲԭhԼǰĽ֮ܳǸʱͷҪһӦˡ

Ԭ⿴һۣû˵

31
һڵʱŪɽׯƲ֡Դɣ֮󣬰ӰټߵѾµû̫仯ȻԼ䱸ĺɫҲ򶯲ǣh˵

뵽ԬǻϸǳԷʱżõôΣƽ﷢żûܿĹӰ

ׯ԰Ҳǲȥ
࣬мûׯ԰ˣ

һЩţһԵ¶һۣӵش𣺡ط˵ĻѾаˡ
ˣҪȥȥѰйתҪȥˡ

ס˵ýžͺá
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Ϊѣı𣬹˳ΩǴӡ

֮»һԼ·ͭее㵣⸱Ưûĳҡеɣʹǲε֮¡

㣬ˣҪȥ洫ּϲ
֪ˡ

һ򣬰ҡ˽ﻹһС컨һhչ˵ЦʣҪȥɡ

ЦЦȴ˵ˣžУȥæİɡ
ôУƺܾȣҲŹһЩĵˣԸ˵ġ

˵ˣͺúĶүɡ
仰˵һ죬ͱעֱ߳ţżҪȥ

㲻
ǹЩ˺ܻġ
׼ŶЦƳһۣӡ

վԭأΪѵúܣͷһۣȴҲֻܸĲ

ֻǾãűðţ̹

һٹŴĴСָоԶֻ߽Ⱥﻹûã·ϾͿʼ˶ָָˣӲǿŮʱĽͣǷߺޡ

Ȼ뵽ǰhǶô۵ĽɫһҲ⵽ٶհɣֲǰӲҪԼ˾ܱ

32
ˣǻǻȥɡΪӵĺ¡

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һҲûôõȫȫֻֻܹ֣ǾͻȻظϻҲסҲûô

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˲ٿͣ˽һΪؤ۸˽ģǸǸؤһ뷨ɡ

ֻ͵ɷʴףչһԼ˭֪h䵽ؤĵز

ߡֻôڨڨˡ
վסи׳˶Ʈ￪
ѭˣڿһ˫ֱشȺǰɫ ¶ǿ׳ļ⣬͹Ǹɱġ

ˡһ£Сǻǿȥɡ
֪߲ƣɾִֵŲš

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ⱨĶһȥߡҵ첻µزˡ

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ͽŲһƬ·߻˳ûܲײ˴йޣԼ군ˡ

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ھ£׽棩

33
߶ͣȺʱͣסɧĲ²⣺ˣʲôɣСĵ㡣
ôʼɡȥ⼴ı磬Ҳûôˡ

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֪ң״ʼɣľĴ򡣡

ԽԽ࣬ǰΧҲˡ
ˡܵߣȴ֪롣

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ΣЩǴºһȥҿĲǡ

󺺵΢㶡

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ȭȴ²֣ƺ侲Щˣ֣˺󼸲ҲŮˡ

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ˡ
ܶһ£ؤͼ߳ŭ֮Ǵⶾ˵أôʵվᣬ

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34
ҪըҪʱһ׵б󷽵ݵԼǰܽӹһϲһ߲ͷȥԴϲԴֿݵӡſڣ˵ʲôһɨȴ治ԶվԬ

ֳʣϷĻǴؤЦҲֹͣˣԬӴǳ鴤˵嵹򾲣Ӣ¾ļơ

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ͷͽˣй֮ǰֽѵ֪ȵزȥƽ£Ҳᱻ˿Ǽװˡ

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ͷһԬֻԹ۵ˣתˡ
ھ͸ߡֲһ䣬ҲǱѡӡ

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ˣллӵļʱȣûԬҪܵĿֹܲؤĿˮѡ
һˣαлŵҡȣɩɩһ£һûܾ˰ɣΪܵΣ
ð֮ã˿µˣʣô죿

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ֵϻ˻ĵؿֻȥˣߣһ㶼ģܶжٽһ֪
٣һԼûо嵬һԸԼ׽ôһ˵ĴڣܸмܲһʱҲϧ

35
ű㿴ǰһҼԺΪʲôûȥ֪ǼԺأſվӵСˣ¥ȴżŮҡš

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ҲвһĹ⾰ 

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æջߣķߣһЦ˵ᰡ
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˼hȥˡ

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һϣ̾ϢɩɩĶԱʧȥˡ
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Ц
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Ӽ״ЦűһԣɫҲˡ
磬û°ɣɣüЩţ˵˾ͲҪĴܣúӲǡ
ãӲƽɣҵֲǲ֪
ɣ¶һ֮ɫ

36
صסͿǰתȦȦصȴϹŵؤǱܹŰ

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ֱŵ˿͸˵Ѿѵ֪ߵغĴˣҪôãȥ׼

ſ˵Ȼһһ鲻ˣϸбӳĺۼʣЩǰĽ֮ܳɣѾͷǻԽ޴ҡ

˭ˣ˵ʱʧԹȴҲû̫ԣֻҪ֪Լ⡱ͺá
ǶԹ͸ô򡣡ȴ
Ҳˣ˵ԺûҵķԸ׼
ǡ˵һߡ

Ƕɡ
ؤ̧ͷ˿ֻ˸񣬷ų۵վ
࣬ȥܼǣ㰲ŵʲô¸£ǮܴҳԾɫԸ꾶ֱߡ

Ҳ˽ȥʣʹһаͿˡ
ٲͷЦһнУת䡣
ת䡭˼š
ûߡ
ˣҪеͻӣӮôҵκһׯͲͷˡһУôû뵽أҲû뵽

ȽȻô⣬Ҳûʲô׵ġ
ԣԺҪעһ㣬Ҫʲô˵ƻ󡱼֣ȴͻȻ¶Է˺ǻ˸Լ˵ñΪǺܶ񶾵
ţ֪ˣֲùղŲóͷˡ

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仰˼˵ĺ䶯
׷ϵʱˤһͣңûǰܡʵܵúܿ죬֮ǰҲΪ˼ңûܶԶ
˿ܵúܿ죿ǰôû˵һѾͷЦ˵
֮Ҿ÷ˡ
࣬ǰôİɣ
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37
컹ԸԼ˵·Ապͼ㣬ɲÿα¿ˮţ뵽ؤһڡ඼䡣

һ˳ԹϷ˵˰޾ҪطЪϢߵ⻹ûԶȴԬסˡ
ʲô£û²Լһ㡣
ȥԬ֧ߵѾ࣬ɴߺҲû˵

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붼롣ԬȻΪ¶ģһôʣûʲôɫʵ޹⡣

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ʲôҪеֵܿɡ

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û˵꣬Ԭֱǰǯסı۰򣬸ɭȻ׼ּ̫ӲҪҵ˿㣬ҪΪΪŶûС

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ֱΪԼĻŤȴòװȻϲҺαûȤ뿪Ǳ˽Ҳֵøںң

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˵꣬Ȼ߿

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Ԭͣһ£뻹˲ӡ

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ʱ²豭ƶ¥ߣɿ죬ԻȻֹҡ

38 
طþ˯ˣֻÿҹ˾ʱ״̬ܶǰ£ǰˣ˯˵ˣžǴ˵еϰʧ߰ɡ

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ȻһЩĦڷڴߡȷԼˣȻһ飬ΪhĹˣȥڳ޼ɵ

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ǰһƽеľźͿ־壬һͱǿҵĲԸˡ
ʲôȥֻۣʣɫĴͿӣԼеһ˿·㲻롭

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ǡ󷢻ôˣôûжԼȴ㡭̫ͻϮˡ

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Ѿ뿪ˡ˵Ȼǰ첻еѰ˵ɡ
˵;ˣԬӷŰһҪļơ

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骽͹ͬӵͷĻ˵ҲҸһš

39
һ֮űֻºˮ٣һʰ

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ȻҲƽӹ͸骱й֮޲ַǿ׼Կܡ

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Ԭͷˣһץѱŵͷȥʲô

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һ̣ԬҲûʶĴǵһĻȡ

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мָͨȼнķﵽ˽֮ʼ̽ǣץסֻҪÿȴκβ궯Ŀ

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Ԭȼֻ֮һ̵ʱ죬ֿ˫ȣֱֱͦ롣

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ķӲҲռҪȫأһʹһоԼ걻˺ˣһϯͷ

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šʮӹȥܸоĴʹȴҲܵĳԳС
šԬĺﲻʱҲᷢʼȻƵסԼģȴƲסԼ塣

40
һжֹͣˣҹҲˡ
űǽ˯棬ԬֻñǸһ棬˱Աţ˼˭Ҳ˵˭Ҳûкֱۣ

̫Ԭ·ˣӴϷһ̾ˣֻǼװ˯СҪΣҲһɧŵΡ˯ʱһ

ߵʱԬɨһۣƺЩ֮ɫ

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죬ԭǵһΣҲ˵Ҳ˵ʲô˵ˣЩϰز
˽꣬Ȼֻз֮ûз֮ʵԬͻȻþͲһʱ֮޴йɣΪʲôҪô

ã˸Լ׼ԡ£ͬʱ˱죬˿ϾĶһĻ֮ı飬ֻû⡣

ڴľͰϴʱһ˼һŪ꣬ͻȻŰ

ˣ棬һϲ֯ӣ֧ϡׯ

ϢȻô죬ңΪѾߵôʲô

ЩŵֱԼȴ˵Щ͹˲ˣ̹Ȼšһ

ǰӽ쿪ʼҪˡ
Ϊʲôɻȴûֲӡ

ˣĿڣһ˵ׯһ죬֮ףðĿڽš²ׯ̫ˣͻȻĿڽзˣЩϰߡһϰߵģǺǡ

ԭhôǿһŮӡ
Ȼ벻ͨԬΪʲôͻȻ¡





ʮһ£׽棩

41
Ϊ˼ԬԸͿСֻǳ겻ãϷ˾˳ˣҲһ˵²гģ˵ҪܻһаŮľͺˡ

仰Ԭ粻ƫƫš顱ʱ£ǲӸȻͲᳳҪּˣ
ģһҪ
¾ڣhʼǸûǲ㻳еĿԣԾԼСĵ룺ҪиСһQҲҪˡĵ衣

绻ԬȥǰԷ˰е鷿ޱ˽磬ûƢ

ôʣЩģֻºͣʵش𣺡ׯǴ֮󣬾ûֹƢҲ⡣

Ԭü룺ٳסҲûҲ̵¡

ׯԥ˼ڹЩı仯ܴ󡣡
˵ȥ

ǡõԬĹͲˣ٩٩˵ֱ׷ϵ£ˣһЩ䣺Ҳǰʲô˳ĵľͳūǴԶҲûǰǰˡ˵ı仯ׯҲõϣׯҪǰġ
˵ԽԽСֱ

ԬȻ˼ֻƬ̳Ĭ֮ˡ

ʱܼҾСеˣׯˣүͷǰȥ
ô£Ԭ˵ŶŶһ߿첽һʡ
ܼһ࣬ڱһ仰ȥһ˾Ҫඣ

ԣԬӿ˲
ϵǰʱһĻȴ⣺hɣϷһһڷϳԷȻճƣȴҲûǰء
ͷǸܼ֮ɫ

ԬᣬϷȷĴڡһԷæҪԵġ

̧ͷһʱŲֻգ˼£ȻҪࡣ
Ԭ漴

42 
磬ɣһּһˣһֿ˵Ǹһɩɩǫã񣬻֪

ɣϷؽ֣һۣĳhſ㣬Ųƽϣ㻹˵Щʲôǰܵġ
һûսļءɣں漴ֹЦɩɩļʲôޣõһ۰ɩɩǴѧģͦʡ

ڲ˵
ɣ֮Աǡ

ôˣԬеʣ֪˵ֿԼֵܣӾ֪ûϷǰϣϡ

ûʲôϷ˴»˵ɣϼЫhҪеĲ˳ԣ˼ǼˡҿǫhסˣûиƽϣȥⳡûҪᡣ
Ϸ˵Цпϲ

ɣֱƣԱ㣬ľͰѵˡ
Ҫ̫ΪôҲɩ

ɣ۾г̽ӣЦʣˣ
Ԭָ߰ͷһߣܿ񶨡
Цѣ˭ô۵ģǺǡɣˬʶЦ˵֪絣ʲôİɣȻѾǴӣôӮôģҲٸܵܵĹȥ汻˵ˣҾսһļޣ¶ԼĿһϺ˵ӣŻ

м£Ҳò㡣Ԭ˵˵Ҫּ̫ޡ
ʲôɣΪôܣ
Ҳ֣ϴɱδҡƺȫûǰĿȡһʼҲΪװӮȡԼĺøУޡ֮ͿʼԼˡ

ٵİɣһǼٵģɣΪȻ˵Ϊ㻹ô޴Ůˡ
ٵġ

ɣеţܿЦ˵ǲǸã˴ҵ⡣
ߣ뿪һӦΪɵһжҪ۲ŹƽңŶԹȥķߺޣŵҵϣټ̤һΡ

43
֪h˳ƶȴ֪ʲô˼£֪̤ҵϡ

ҸǣҴϦµʱˣ˵òУ꣬ꡣ

ȻԬˣһݾͿʼ̽ѰؿҲ˵ڿҲµķԸ

ʲôܵȥŵ˵ҶĲκˡ
ҲκԬӦ
֪Ϊ֪ˣҪ޲𣿡

㾹ȻͷԬȻƽһ͵ŵһ鴤֪Լַˣ뷨ĵ׾ǣ˵鷳᲻Ŷ
ĬţּԬͣǰߵľ룬ʣ˯ˣҲҪ㣿ǲǺ֣ôں顣

ЩףȴǺģhôں飬ָʲôһյࣿ

˵ķӦǳϣ£ȻûѰٻƽʲôûз˷˼ǣԺںҰ˯ˣҲҪּ̫hķӦ

ôΪҸ˯˾ͻı𣿡뵽ԬͻȻ£Ϊ˽ḥⷽҪллһЩh˽⡣ҶѾˣͲıԼľ

ؿҲ¸Ҷӡ

ǱˣԽԽԬСһȻת˶٣˵еǰ취Ը㡣
»뿪

ûΪ֮ģʵҲܼɵȻΪִŮԣȴûܶùͬһˣϾ粢Ϥ
ֻһһˮڡ

ˣһ²Ҫϴ˯വϨʱͻȻֹ

44
ʲô£һºͣѵʲôԸ˵ʶ̫࣬Сˡ
˴ǰºڣƫҪ˯ЩͻȻֲˣʲôԭأ
ʧɫhϰߣȫ߸ˡ

ˣūðɫԣæͷ˵Ϊū澼иҲºڣū澾ʡǲʲôԡԡ
³æЦЦ˵ؾţû˵㲻ʡֻºڵ⣬˶ɣЩϰ߿ԸģЩĲĲ˵ģ֪Ǹݣ

ūҲǺĳűˡ
ŶĲֻºѸģҪӦǡ˵뵽hºڣ֪Ĳϰߣôݣôݶ߶пܰɡ

æ˵ǷЩ˯ɣū澲ˡ
šȻݣȴΪˣ̲סʣ࣬㻹𣿡
ܾŮģ׽񵱳һ
ÿ˶ңָоʵܿɱ

̧ͷϵĸˣΪ֮ôĽɫҲʱ򰡡
ˡ

֪ԼûпƺæЦ˵û£ȥɡ
౾˵ʲôȴˣ˲ͷڻתˣ಻ˣԺ󶼲ʵôΪʲôҪ£
ºڡ£֤ǰˡ

ô˵úһܰο͹衣

ڶ͸ڵʱע˲ٽĵĶ

֪Ҫɽׯ棬͸ԼúôһȻû˻ỳֻǿܺõӾİˡ

ûжٻԸӵദֻһʲôʱٳȥߣ
ֻҪ룬ʱ㡣˵ 
ھȥʱ֮ң¥ϼЩ龫֡
һң¥ȻԾ˵Ҵ˸кҪԼסûиκηԵĻᡣ





ʮ

45
õװϣʽ뷽跨Щֽţ˰죬Щ˵ģ

ˣðŰɡŵʱһš
á
š
ͻȻ٬գװаӵĻЦԵˣҿɲϲظ˵ͬĻ
ǡŵòᣬ˲ˡ

һ·ȸԾң¥ʱ㵽ˡ
һ棬ſǸС꣬ͻϲصذӭ˽ȥӳıͨ¥Ͽɾľ¥ݣ߲ǰѾѰֵĿˡ

ͷһң¥ɣкһλòԸ߹ŮӣԿˣûκιľֹ
ǰЦЦ˵
ͷһΪ¥ϿһżΣŮ
ٺò

νż䣬ǼֻʣӺһŴ󴲵ķ䣬Щʧģ⾪ɷѣǼҵż䣿
ŮȻЦʣӲ⣿
ҲǣҲԼͻˣæЦЦ߽棬һ˵ֻûǰðˡ
ŶŮƺ£˼ʣУżʲôӣ

Ȼʣ˵ϲֻ˵üɫʱߡЦˣʱտڡ
繫˵ǰ㣬ң¥ǼԺʿеĳ
ΪԼǰڣЩôᶮԼ뷨أڨڨر֮Цû˵ɡ

ŮΣĬһ󣬷ʣϲʲô͵ĹҪܸģǻʫģϤɵģ
⵹ЩСȣֱʣ˯ôֻûʳڣź˵ĹﶼвŻң¥˵ʵǿϧˡ
˵ЦˡŮǳЦ˵ǲЩŮˣӣԱǰˡ

Ϊ˱˵˸УûĻͷֻЦЦҪֻЩƲ˰ɣýй㣬Сүˣʹҡ
ӺСүʶң¥ȻҲǻ㼯ġ
ţʶõѣԼڴ˼ġ
Ǻãȥ׼ŮӸ˵£ӵѣҲû֮ǰˡ

46
ȦƲˣں̲֮סΪ죬ڣ֮ӲǰǸŮ

һ۾ԾˣǾȡ
СүôȻӭǰοܴ̼飬˵Ƽ˾Ͷ
ӿűԼ˴ͷˣȻᣬæЦӭϣŶеµ飬Ҫ֡

ӣӸң¥ҲϤһǰкλŮӡŮң¥Ķңٵüá
𣿡͵ؿһۣȻǹˣȡŮһˢӡ
ŮЦ˵벻ӸСүԭѣŮǰʧˡ
ĻÿװƤһһһͣʲôҲ˵ˣ鷳Ůȥйɣ

Ӿ鷳ľͲˡ
Ҫ裿

裿֣Լ°ֿҪѾʵĳ嶯
裬Ժ𱣿

ȥ㻹ûֻ¡Ĳʱ򡣡
ȻϢлָƽ̾ʾź˵û۸û۸úÿׯ˼ĺĿ˶СүŶ

Це㵣ģǷſĵģãԼ鷳
˼ӽҪҺȾٰЦ
ô᣿ɡ
ȥ١Ůת뿪

𣿡ûбˣ˸ͱQ£¶ԭʼ飬ǯһ˿ҪӿǹҲh
ҼûϳӻδĿǯ˵ĶССȻ
죬֪ʲô˵ˣһĹӣ

ҡЦЦ߽ʣȻǳģ
ҲǰѡϾƣָԼϣٱʵҪĻСүԵСˣȵСơ 
١ŮһٽͲһ䡣

47
ӽľһ

ûټܣô٣ֻǺŮӯӯһЦֱϣڳƣȻ˫ϥ䣬ϿʼĶˡ
ò˵ַʽˡ

Ǹ⺺ѹʲôɣǾúöģֳ޾ͺá
ŮԸⰡ

˵⣬ģߵۣ˭ܵģŮͣͷˡ
֪˵ʲôãͻȻ˽غŮׯˡ

ԬҲˡ
Ͷӣ֪ǲ¶١
ûǿ
ׯҲһλΣŮӴ

Ҫ
ˡ
˲̶ͬȾܾĻͬʱ˵ڣĻشŮЩ졣
Ǻãȥкһ

Ҫ⡣ѵΪ˽ŮɻЦŲһ䣺ҽֻСүһݣټׯ١

ŲԬô֪ԼŮװܵ¡
ȻŮȥ֮Ƭ̾ͷһϢ˵ˡ

ϲЩȻܺ뿴ӣʱ˿̣뵽ԬҲڣͲΪˡ

ʵ裬Ůȥ˵˵ڸׯһ𡣡
Ȼ¿öϸ룬Ϊ˰ٷٰ֮ȫھˡ
ôׯˣеǻᡣ

Ǽǰܣ̻ĻðϷֱƾ̿գ˴˶ˡ

˵Ҫߵʱ򣬺˼ƵŮƺЩ᲻ãֻ˵ЩûôĵˣϣӺСүԺŮһӡ

48
Ҫ¥ʱԷԬرСĵػһȷʵûӰӲŸߡ˭֪Ҫң¥ŵʱǵͳˡ
ӣôҲң¥

ûҪȿһֳֻס䣬һۣ־Ȼӡ
һǿҵıĸо

磬ҲڣһѸʶЦģȴһѵӣ۾ôΪԸѡ
ԬЩ޶ԣֻ֣𣿡

ˣתԾУװû˰ñǿ֮

ԬҲɿͲòüˣ˶Ҫѣȴ˵˵磬ӣ֡㿴ǲǸɩɩмƣ

󾪣벻Ҫô˵ģ漴ǶԼϼˣݼ
ǰԬֵׯжţܵһʵĳңҰҡ

Ԭмһˣһߣ漴ӣԹ㽻Щʲôѣīˮζ

û뵽Ԭ罻䵭ģһߣое㲻̫ˬԼûպһʼ˸ӵĽɫǺȶ˾ˮԶ˲ȣּ¾Ƚʧɵġ

磬ҲһΪѣ뵽ô͡żӴ֪ʵһܻῪĵˡ

ׯЩƲҰŲæһôôԣΪһׯ֮Ӧѧͬ˴򽻵ǣΪԼ룬ҲҪΪԼĺ밡

Ԭʱɫ֪һ仰Ҳ˵Ϊһׯ֮Ӧѧͬ˴򽻵ǡ
㷽˵ʲôͬĻһҲԬΪԼˡ

Ԭ¥ϲ֪ʲôʱһԼʮ꣬żԼ嵭Ůˣ˵˫ĿˮؿԬǵغ֣һЦӯӯ¥ߣһº͵ʣôˣ

µŮһǴ˵е





ʮ

49
Ӱ˼ΡŮ֪ԬˣǸʱŮˡ˳΢hô꣬Ȼûбhģ˵ǰŮơ衱ݺݵػһԬƷζ¿䱾ˣõ̵߸ǰл롣
ͣhȾֹ꣬ϣҲԲǵϳļԺ¶ġ

ĸһ񻣬ƤҲܹ಻覴ãֻЦʱ۽ϸƣȻ¶͵Ĳʣ룬ƺ̺ĳȻϤɣĳȻС
Ԭʱˣȴĸס

ã˿ܰѳдϣҲͲعˣԼҲǶʮˣӦɡ

ڸ˭ȥȻߵԬߣЦĸ첲ٲбͶĿ⣬ϵЦݾͽסˣΪԼh

裬ˡ
֪ġᡱæǰڨҪ˵ʱһԵŮȴɻʣͷһң¥֪裿

Ц΢䣬ܿ뵽˵ң¥裬˭ǵؽׯԬأҵǺܺõӴ
Ů캬ЦԼʻЩࡣ

ӣ߽Ѱѡı飬ֻԼĻɣЦݣˣСүǡ
½ύѡֵʱӻΪhʲôû뵽ҪϷżȻݣݺˣ˾⣬ûԸ⿴ãҺͻʼҵ汻˶ôòøɾġ

裬㿴ᣬûкӵ°ͣü˵ô㡮衯ôϰֱ߰ӽô
ֻԬ۾һϬæɨһ£ҽˣ

50
˵ЦˡЦɣȴͻȻת˻⣬ʣ֪ϣ
ںߵҼھǣصСүġ
ǾѹӲ֪ˣǣ߰ѮˣСĺӣҽ裬ˡбԬ˵ʣµ֣Ԭ
Ŷϵϳʾ⡣ĳˣĳס

ԬСǼ񰡣ֻרҲ⡣

ǲҪ𣿡ԬȻܲϲžҪˡ
ԣСүǻ£߰ɣӦ죬ŲƵġ
æӭ

˵׻Ǿˣ᲻һӵı۰򣬼ʣôװɣ
ӿһۣ˵˵õǺܿ졣
ٺٵЦѧ˽ȻǺֻҪ˵Ů˵֪ˡ

׼κй¶ҵݣ㱣֤ǰԼҪµݽӴΧˣԼĺԸ񣬺Ʒģߣ˵hҲܱ˽ˣһ˵ȫܣиµʶɣͺá

ô㻹ڶεΣЩ죬ɫ֪ǿ϶ģ˵ҿԱ֤κй¶Ҳұ֤һ죬˲ῴ
㱣֤й¶ͺáת·ú󱳵ҵˣ㵣ġ
Ӹʣ֪Ϊʲôô
ͣϿҸôҸһʶµhµhѣ

˵꣬ﴽǣϵȣҡҡװ˵ˬʵСүĳ֪ɷ񣿡
ӷŴϾ仰ĺлظ󷽵ЦЦ˵һӣϲȥǡ
л˵֣ûŮ˵ĵ

51
ߺң¥ԬһĲˡ˵Ψһһܴϸ΢仯Ϥĵˡ֪ԼʲôƺǾ䡰Ϊһׯ֮Ӧѧͬ˴򽻵ǡĻһСӸ֮ڣܲ

ѲΪм˰ɣƽ͵ظ˵һʼΪǾͬһأȴǣôƽ͹ˣǺǡ

ҸûȥˣԬͻȻԼûɽׯhʲôʱҲˣúϢϢ塣
ţЦӦУ˵ԬҲҪſЩҵĻ
Ԭͷ

صɽׯֱhסɸԡﱧԹϴʲô裬
ûϴģתһȦ뿪ˡ

ˣׯˡ˵ƺµӡ
ԣӷԡͰӵױݺͷʽûüжأʵɽׯ֮ǰҲô£Ϸ˽һЩ£Щˡ

ʱŮװĳŮŮװǴ󲻼ף˵Ŵңԣҳôģ˭Ҳ뵽Ҫô档
Ϸ˴֪װţһʱļ٣ֲȥǷǣൽɽׯſڵĴ辶Լ䣬˿

ȥʱ⼸Ѿͷж֪£
ʵϣֻ֪ʱҲǲ̫֪ԼţȴѾߣֻһ˰Լţɽׯ±ΪԼʲô֮ͣһ·ҲǶزСԣ⣬ûб֪¡

ɽׯûпŵġһΪʲһҲΪɽׯȡǡصص㱣սԡҪȻͻ˵л
࣬û˵ȥ
Ϸˣû뵽ºôأȴû˵ȥΪף˵ʱǾǲ֪

һҪõĸ֪ˣҵĺëhԺٲϷ˼Ǵſ˵ǼȿݵģûаֵĻ
Ӧȴֹ⵽һһŶ׼Ůװ档

52
ױĺܰôҶΪˣǱѹûⷽ濼ǡ
ǣΪʲôûᵽһ㣿Ӧ֪ǡ

ԭhıò֮󣬾ͽװˣóȥӱܣҸСרԼ桪ԲΪʲô󲻼͸ıԼ£ֻţһ⣬˴Żõɣң֪Ǹ֮󣬻ǲԭԼС

һ췢һУԼҪߵ·ġ

ϳԷʱһӶڣԵýζȫû˼ԬһţƲɣԼھƳһԵÿģؿڶƣϷ˾һһ߳Էһ߲Թɫұ飬ּϰ¡֮Щ

ɩɩɣͻȻһȴһνɩںЩԾҭšֻϷ˺ԬҲ߷ϡֻֿ˵Ҫ㣿ĻǼٵģ

ɣԬû뵽õϽ
⺢ӣ˵˵ϷǾ
ҿûк˵ɣҧӣֱ޷ݡ

Ԭ޹ֻԼǰռ⣬Ϸʼˣһʣhɣ˵ģģ

룬´ҳ֪˵ôҲΪҺð
ΪҺãǲһϷ˵һ
šǻ֣֪̿ôء

ôˣɣҲ⣬üǺ°ҲϲŮˡ
hϷ˲ᣬֱӷסӲҪּ̫ܲ¼޵ҵİϵʱô㶼Ҫ
Ϸһ£˵̫ʱڻǰųģ֪ܵίκһҪԬ㣬ǡ
Ϸ

ţһĸġֻϷ˲סҡͷͿʼſԵš

ܼңԬȻ򡣡





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53
Ϸﵽĳ̶ȣֱӱɵ˴ϣһߺ£һ߰Ʋ⣺屾ͲõһѾǵڶˣⶨʲôëɣԣ˳ɷβã帮Ҳòȥ

ֻ֪һͨæǰ룬ǿҩӣϷ˲΢ǰȶЩ

㣬ߡɣơ
Ϸǰģڹֱ˵Ĳǣſڣﲻƽ΢΢ͷû˵Ҳûεġ

ҳԬؿһ˵ֱ߳Ϸ˵ķš
ϡ

ǶûĹԣԵرÿִеҹܿ㾰УԼʱûƢǰһ֮ңվӣҲǿԿݵġ
˵һڵǼ£Բͨĸǣ˽½ҲС
ԬƬ̣ԼԽԽסŮ˵˼ˣڻת̩ȻôǾԲܵġ

˽ҲУʡ
ûв͸ǽҡԬס
ʲô
֮Сû˵Լʵ뷨ߣĵĲʣǾ仰һŮ

ԬݰˣҪôʼԼ죬ԴͻȻŷһ뷨ǲ֪вС

ҿӰɣȻҹǻһˣʵȴԱռ棬㷳ҷҲ
ӣԬЩʣʲôӣ

ͬ⣿ȤˣȻԹԿʼĥʲôأ¥¥ݵĶ̫ŵģһʱ뵽ƺֻٰ尡֮ࡣɣȡС硣

硭ԬЩ죬˵ġ

54
һ֮ôˡԺϣǸ߸·˭Ҳ˭¡Ȼǲ绨ѩֻ˵һ죬ϲ˭Ҳϣһֻ۱һֻۡ

ԣԬͫ׶Ŵˣת˲һĨ֮ɫԵ㲻¶ԼҲ¶ʼҵ
¶ҵɡúܣ˵㾡ܷģһ㲻ôôˡʱʲô˵׼ء
кܶʱ乩ڣ˵ĳһ뿪ˡ

Ԭֻ˵ĻζȴҲаǿҲûȻң飬һִⲻh

ҽȥšתݣǡɣ
ߡ˸ͬʱ˫ֽǰ̧ͷмһ˵̬
ЦЦЦƶӡ

֡ɣһĺ󱳾ǻȭ֮Űݡ
ԬhҪ£ըˣʣ治һˣ

Ԭ˵

ԣ˵ܹݣɲҪˣСĵ㡣

ֻе˿ʼⲻܹݣǶԼȫȻ⣬˫۾ƭˣܡûh

ݵʱϷѾ˫Ŀˣֻ˵Ƚϼ

ţ˵ˣ֪ҲǼ£ͷİɡ֣Ц
Ϸһ¶һο

ʵϣλ˼һЩģԼ裬ҲͦҸ21͵еʱûѧʱû˵ɸɩɩű죬ĳ̶ֳϣĸֶǺġ

ԬɣٽʱÿϷ˵ſڴң˫˫ȻһּǵɫǾò˼顣

55
ֻǷ˻˯ţ˵ĽŲͷһۣ漴˸ƣС㡣
ֵ߽ܣС˵Ƕȥ˯ɣҿžУ˽˯ˡ

װʲôТ˳ɣ̣˵㵱ҵѾ߶ľͷôõչˣ˵ôѰ˼Űҹ˲עŪ
䲻󣬶˵ԽԽСҲͷһʲôСҧʶġԣ

ҪʲộȻҼ档ӵģʺչҾͲɡ
˵Ҫߣɣʱһ˵˰ܺõÿ죬ʹٶѾػҲһߡסˣ
ĿɿڴСһЦˡ

磬ûоáǰˣɣʧſڣͻȻһе㷢
ȻطˡԬ»֮ˡ

ڶ죬Ԭܿ˼棬ȻҵԸ翪ģȻ֪֣˵ȥɣۿ˲֪ĸʡ

Ǻ˷ͷһһŵֲۣ١
쿴ׯׯˡ
ǾȻһ𣡡
ϡ氡ϡ档

ЩϸСۣŶ
ǿһԶƷԡǾ֮ˡ
δأׯң¥͡
ʲôׯЩƽͷպð˵ÿٸ˰ɽׯ˲٣ҪȻɡ
ϧȢôЫġ
ǶС㡣

Ѽһһԥѡң¥ֻһ־һ䣬ںܿɹЧҲãźǸĺԺĸ֣һô滹ϡϡ䳤һЩ۵ĹӣЩᡣ

56
һסôԺӣе㡭ֹסԬЦЦ˵ҲûʲôʱһаӵˣҲסˡ

ҪסԬû뵽㣬ΪֻƹĶѡ
Ȼ㡭ЩţԼûôںñ飬磬ҾͲסɽׯˣżȥ
Ӧ˵ŲŶԣͷ

Ԭü

ģһæȥȰͲʲôӰˡ
ȥ֮ǰţǵȵ֮ٿţԬǴӦڴסˡ

ǣʲôʱȥǣСģΪ֪뾸ǵжԶ·λʱλǾáʲôʱ䡱ģɵĴʡ

ȥһɡ
ԬĻشѪһװΪѵӣ˼ȥʲôʱš
ǡǡԬӻǲӣ˵һʱȻ벻ˣ

Ԭбڡ
Ŷ԰ˡͷ˵ȥ֮ǰȲúһУֱӿźˡҪЩʲôһȥд˽㣬ҰţߣֱҸܼң

ֱҸܼҾͺãʵڲеģҡ
ûӣڨЦӦָ׽ȻвͨģԽǿԽǻˮ

еæˣԸȥ˰ҪԼصķּǻû˿ܶͲòΪ󵽷ݵװޣСߵʽԼල;ѡġ

ſԵǶǽװһƵĴͭҰڷڱԵ˸ʽķ塣ǲɻȱģЩ㣬֮£һǣûӣԲҲһ룬̾ʵ̺ӣָšڵӻûԭ֮ǰķ

ÿ춼кܶ˿֣˿硱һʱΪղ෹Ż⡣





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57
æŽʱң¥ͻȻͣӪҵˣһ֪Ǽڸ

¸ˡ

Ϊ˲Ž磬Դׯ֤Ҳܸɡ
ҲǳصģԴУжɫ
мڸ˶
ʱգ˱ǰɴˣȻҪ໨Щ
ֻң¥֮Ϳҵˣ˵δߣզľ̾Ǻ棬ͳջжװ׼ԼһȥĦĦൽȴһ˻ˣϢ˵Сүȥˣ˵м¡

ȥˣ˾ȣ˵˵һһ˰ң˵̫һȥǣʲôߵŶ

ǻڻ֮߳ɽׯԼȵ̫ɽ֮ٻ

ң¥оûʲô仯ֻŮ⾪ϲ
ӲǸСүؾ𣿡
ΪŮҾû߰˵øһ
Ů΢΢죬֪ԷڿЦȴҲȻæ¥룬˵ϴһϯҾúмأ͸˵ˣ˰ң¥²һȥòá

еС㵣漴ǼļԭԼ룬װ޵ӡ

ֻ¥棬м仹ԭӣɴ˿֮أһ˵治ֳ-ɫϢĴ󴲣ֻǼذżСм㹻ĿռԹݽĿ֧᣺辰һǡôԵõúܴ͸̧ͷԿżȻɹС

ͣһ˵ǽҲԹҼֻá
Ůصͷ
УſվǼԳˣң¥ĵΡ
ͷҸ˵ӵ鶨ǺõġŮ˵

58
ŮһС˵֪ȥ

һֱ㺣Īӽȴֱĸ߹壬Щη壬˵ҪԼҪӢŮĴ
롣
Ůһ˵·зֳͣЦЦ˵Ů롣
롣

ͲٿˣСڵķ䣬ű㿴ԬڰȵţŵһæЦׯҲڣһһᡣ

ӿһԵк
úãҲظĳһ˵ţһ¡

ҪȵʲôƣЦӯӯʡ
㣬ǺʲôҾͺʲôٺ١
Ǻá˵žʾ߽ǰľƱϣٱྴлô⣬һң¥棬˶˵ԵñһԸⳣⱭƣӡ
Ҳ˵˵˵˵˵žͺŵؽǱһҲhľͲҲƹоûоζž;Ǻˮһ
Ӻ

̸ƺͶֻԬڱʬһЩֱۣķӣʣׯһ仰ǲǿĳ

ԬһۣǻǶҲ
æΧҪ֣Ԭϲ˽̸
̸Ϥأһǲϲĳ
Ǻǣ˵ǰĿͶԬӵʲôƺڹ

ŬһѣԸ̸
ׯҪҪĳȥһط
ûȤֱӾܾˡ
̾˵ϧˣȥĿϧˡ

֪˵ʲôطʡ
ٿһԬԾû˿Ȥ˵ˣׯȥĳ˵Ҳ˵
Цû˵ʲôһһĬ

ʲôطҸȥԬȴͻȻ˵⡣
Ԭ㡭
ȻȤҾȥ˵һμ

59
ʵϣҲ˵˵ûʲôõطԬȥֻŰг˵ߣ˵˵ĵ׻ܿһ㡣

ó裬ҡȣ⡣
Ԭڳһ˵ӣ㿴еӣӵô
͵ġҲóһҡڡ

Ľޡתػ⣬ ֪һܲɣ˵ǰúס
Σ

ǰΣ٩٩Ȼ˵ֶǿģʲôּ̫ܲʵ׷⣬ͨͨ޻̸ֻ֮Щ˲ŻȨȡᣬΪͿԿһ˵ģֱ

ԬһΪԼСˡ

ׯĳϵף裬ԲηȨƣη׵ճɾھˡ˵ЩĹۣĻǼٵģ

Ԭ˼
ǰȣЩһǵһֲ֧ףԼˣҲЩжģϾһ£˻ڰʣµģεΣɣҲֻh¶һЩøУҲǲ޳ɴԺΪһԵġ

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ᡣ
ı俩
Ԭ֤ͬĹ۵㣬ʣҪǾ˹ˣô죿һԶᰮϵӣׯ᲻ɣ

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ˣ̾˿˵ҪĻׯſ԰Ѱɣ
û
ȻͷҲ֪ˣб仯ȻԼһ滹ûбھʵΪʲôҪùϵɣΪԼߵദгţҲ
ȥģԬʡ
ȻһЦ˵߲Զ͵ˡ
ԼӣҲһֽɡ

60
ûٶǲʲôԽⷢӵĶ·һĵӣǰ˼ֻƯҲа˸磬˵

ˡʱ뵽ӣȻꡣ
ϰæֺǺӭھʣλʲô񡣡
ÿóҿ˵
ϣϰƨƨߵȥˣ˰ſڵһߣҲ֪

Ҫģ顰ԼôԶ·ĵģԬЩơ
ûҪֻһֻģһֻĸģôٳһԡ

ѡȥΪ˵еļƷ⣬ԬһֻһֻŻң¥

ʹģԬûзƢ㲻ġ
ţ͸衣֪ׯû˵ʵϲõɵģֻ˲ܸлǣǸѰԼ£һһׯÿ쿴ԼлģǺҸһ£

£Ԭʡ
Ĵ˵üһЦ˵ŵ˾ģŵˣǼٵģš

ӣԬͻȻº͵ؽһͣ۾ʤ¶һЦ⣬Ȼλύˡ
ׯγԣı仯

ܻӭϱˣ֪ϲеûĹԬʱһ˵ɣӽǣʲôĿģ
Ŀģһתе̫Ҳ̫ͻȻϵողеǢӣô¾ͱôˡ

Ӿʲôݣhʲôϵ糤رƽĺ
Ҹ
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ԭģǧ򲻸˵ԼǴӾģЦ
䱸ǲ̫ǿˣ˵ҳŮˣ뽻ֱ˵ǣߡװȻӾ뿪߳߻Ľʲô˵ߵͷҲء

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ܿ쵽Ԭװеɣӵģоǳɣȥ˵겻֪ʲô仯ȥȻһˡ

ߵʱϷ߶˰죬Ǳһһˡ

Ҫߵġ
һֻһ˵ĴΪɣмڸһԸԼϣҲֻз۲СۣΣðҲһ˽ȥ

ԬѾ߸ҳǰԭߴߴһ죬˿ҲյġڳҿӿȺֵϵһ⣬ֳĬֱ֮˺ѡ 

ȡﲻסˣɤӺЦѾͷ˵Ҹǽ°ɡ
Ҫ־ϲ̧ͷȴλԬ˪ףʱȻ

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Ƚһ£ŮʱŮͻȻסӾûˣЧҪˣɫ

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ͻȻ̧ͷϵԬֻ֡

ѾͷľмԬҲⲻ͵س鴤һ¡
Ͳ֪Ц˶׵Ĺ£ȴģԬҲ

ףԬ߳ŭݺݵزһߡ
ֹͣЦôʲôٽЦĹ¡
ðð˽ЦĹ°ɡæӦ͡

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62
ɣڵ֣ϲԶԶġ

;оһС緹Ȼ·һһ㣬֮ǰǱ㵽ˣ˳Ǵź;ǲ࣬ɾ֣Ϧ֮£Ư

ʲôµģ졣

һҿջŵʱָÿջΪ¥³Էľӵ
Բסˣӣ´СҶźǸĳ˵
ĳҡͷôˣ
̫գһ겻СЦ˵ͷЩٹ˸ˡ

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ٹˣȻҵġСܼǵԬhջҲǴˡ

鱻Ԭͬһ䣬֪סȱԭ򣬻ʱķףǷ޾͸סһڤ˼hԷŮӵĿ̣룬ǶԬǲŮǣǸʱʼͰΪ°˼ĶôûŮ£᲻ħצԼ

ȥɣ˯ɡ˼ǰŲ
Ԭ΢üһۣ췴ʵ˶֪Ƿַ˯ɲȼ
ȻǷϰߵ⣬ǲ˵ԼȣҲҺ

۾ǣǰԬ߸ǵı̵˵ϣȻǶ˶ȥ
װ˾ӣhŪʸ񶼲
ΪˣﾹȻôӲô˯˯žˣ֮˯ţԬ΢ĺʣķң´ȥ¥վվ

ھԬʱͻȻߺһ͵رһӺڣҲȵֽţеڽλôˣϸһȻ֣

ϲﰵ̾

63
棬ھҪʱ߾ôںĵƹˣôôû˯أʹأǱ˲ӣϸСĶԻĤ

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Ĭ
磬ǡӰɣ
ӣˣ޶Ѿ䵽ˡ
ɴɱϣҪİ
ٳĬ

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ʲôʱôˣʵڲɵĻߡ
硭
ֻǴһˣ鷳չ˺ҵ޶
磬ⲻѰ·Ŀ֮´ɱϣûҵϣǿ϶ġã磬ˣԸһ𣬼ͬͬ

ʲôıͻȻĳһԬ
˭澪ˡ

ֱҪץ鼱֮Ԭز˼֪ʹ̵ľǽϣ˫ֹˣһƵشǰһֱ·

ˣԬһʱ㺸ӣֱаƷĳ嶯ɿվſڹûôֻץסҪ
˼ھǻѵҪǲ֪ʵаĽ֮ġʹҰɡҲһ

ڵ͵Ц㿴ˡ

ҽݡԬˣǰӣ⣬ֻԱ˵㡣

ŻָԬǿҪҪԼĸ֪

ҹܳȥʲôȻоԼʡ
˯ţȥ͸͸
ԬĬƬ̣Щƣʣţô£

Ҹ𣿡ʵôûӪ⣬ž䣬һֱǽڵĴߡ͵ʣϲϲϣ
˵ͻԼʻЩŤǻֱ﷽ʽʣҪȥվһߣ

64
ҲΪԷһ
ԬΣ޹ء
ڹǰĻش𣬶ʲôôôʡ˭ûȥ֮ķʣȫһ˰

ڡ뻹ǾӦøԼһУһѹҪɱϣҲ𣿡
£ԬҲǲĵġ

ǰԼȫгԬԼ˼˵һ仰ЩֻţСʣ᲻ܣ
˵˯ɡԬתԼġСѡߡ

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϶йϵ˭أԬӦ֪hҲһ֪õȵ˵

ʱˣԬ˸˹ȥı۰ιˡ
ֻһ͵Ƥ˯죬޺ӣͳעʶһ㡣
ˡЩΣؽ˼Σһɡ

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Ǹ㵽ǲǣȥǡҲǲ˼˵žͿ˷ųȥҰࡣ

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ǵӣȻ˯ķȥʱպôӴ·ûüãȴ

ˡɫţ֧֧һµӡ
ȥˣֱ׼ѡ
ˡһ࣬ŵù˵ϣͷʲôҲ˵
þûëˣΰڰֵˣɣҲʾˡ

ˣһ˫⡣
ʰһ°ɣȥжү𴲡תҪߡ
ˡ˱ȥһվ衣

⿴ʱͲµʲôǽᲦһߣƶɣķ䣬ţûзӦ
˰죬ûӦ

ɣ𴲣Է·һ䣬˵ޱԼߣһԵ൨ѡ
ŵˣиϰ²ζ





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65
ֱ緹ûɣͰǼ£Ҳûκιı飬ֻ˸岻رǰ

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ˡ ڿΪϵˡءˡҪ¸ׯ𣿡
ΪʲôǲøԬ⵵⣬ǹ˵ùǡ

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ϣϣү˵һȢΪ޵ġ϶

̾˿Լ˽ɣ˵£Ҳ߱ˣԺ󣬾ˡ
ǸмͷӦС

뵽ҹ棬ЦòŮŮţׯҲܲôϲ
ͻԼöིϻס²⡣

ܿ죬һֳˡ
·ЪŵʱɣͿżɽȢǼҰΪޣ
ҵ¡һӡ

û¡Ҳ׷ѿ࣬ѵȢãֻ˵˵Ҳϣ
˵꣬ҪߵһȥЪϢ뻹ǻͷ˵֮ǰòҪ˼ҹӸˡ

ôôõ죬ߡɣһ档
΢һٴŤͷֻûЩëȻǴϷƺмĪļɵˣ֪ιʡ

66
һĽҰ֮ʱͻȻͣסˣ泵һǿ
Ԭ˳͸϶ǡܿǰɽ·һִ󵶣ƼݣĿǿ߱

磬ô죿ɣսżúܡ
￩һ£ѵҵ˲ݵճȺ
үõģаءӴڶɣĵһ˵ԼбƵġ
һۣЩţֻǰԬ侲԰ꡣ

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Ҫ٣ԬȻʡ
ӴǣǺȻжҪ٣óɣĴ󵶲۾˵˭
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̫ƨɾҪȥǱԬһס˻ȥͰ͵С졣

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ȵȡԼӲǻ֪ж·أɲ¶޵ӡ

Ԭüȥʲô
а취ֱֱؿ۾壬

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ЦΪ׵ǿ߽һ̣ĶǹᴩЦ֮ЩӲ
ˣѾͷΪţԬҲҪֹ

ʲôΪ׵ǿһ㶣еĴӵͦѲţ
СආһЦ
ˣ

ߵǿһװ֮ңʱ򷽲ͣЦЦ˵Ҹӡ
ǿǰŰɣȴ߽˵ҲˣʲôС

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ʲôǿ֣ܿͳһȲѡ㡭ô

һһϱŲţ
Էҡͷ

67
úÿţգ۾˵˫ֺ£Ƕսģڿ˼£漴̯ʳָ÷Ķˡ
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ֻǿȫ˶ˣ۹⿴

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ݺݵһĭǸǵҪǲáӦҰһʯͷŻȻСආܲס֮¶һƤӣߵͷĵʦһͽܱӡ
ϴ󡭡СආǷ߷ߣŶ¹򵽵ϡҲΪͽɡ

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ǲ£ǳʲôѽ
࣬ЩԸ

һ粨ҲƽϢˣȥԼҲŽһõšܵıȽϰȫ

˺ôģϼ·ʱͻϲʡ⣬ֻһ˶֪ɣҲΪµڳϴһ̸£㲻ˣ

й¶ЦЦ˵
ҡɣ÷ɨ֨һڻ̲ס漤ʲôӣбٱһǿ
ðɣ鲻һΣҾǱһٴҲ˵óһӣʼ棬ɹ֮°Ȼһܰϵӱ䵽

68
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ţɣֽ֪ţȴκζߣƲѣô˵ǲ
л㿴֪ǲǴţˡ
ߡ

ˣʲôʱЩô֪ͻȻʡ
һ£ܿ˵ñ֪Ҳ⣬š


Ԭɧ䲻ǵĻ⣬ȴҲһýζ
ֻҿôһ㣬ȴо룬࣬ӲʣܻЦᾪȣ棬ȴֻǾĬţɣҲǶ̬ȣĵ׵ǵ͡

ɣǰ棬ϣͺá

磬ǵķûйڴӳ˲ٵ·ûһʼҲʣƨɾͿʼۣһء

һ죬Ҳǳкܶ˸ǵӣϵͬһСֻǵһЩջſڣԬǶûҪͣ˼һֱƧĽֵľķ羰

ͨʹİɣھͽȻ׼µͷЩš

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ֱʲô£Ŀ͹۲졣

ÿÿһйߺų֣ѰʲôǴԾ֮Ⱥһۡ
˵ûɱߵ׵ܵܡ
ôһ˵ΪǸȵܵһ׮˵ĹܵܲɣͰѸɱˣԴʬ壬

˵ģ̲סʣʲôɱ
λİɣ̯˲鷳쾩һˣʬ廹һôϡ
Լˣ뵽Ǹˣ˳ɽľɡ
ٸѾ׵ܵΪš
˵ģǲȥ·ϵǿôȷһ¡
ǰ·ɲͨ󲿷ִٹסĵطҲǡֿǵ찡

ڿջֵܶ˵̸Σٸô϶ǵܵɱĸ磬к֤ݣ
ȻǲҪܱ˼ҵ±ȽϺá

ܲһ£֪ةô𣿡ŸǴϻͿʡ
ةࣿиСɻһ󣬶ЦǲǼǴˣиة࣬ȴةࣿ
ûةࣿ죬Ѳ̫һʱ

˵Ǹةɣǰ̯ˣ¶һ֮ɫҲѹõˣӣֶС㲻ǵˣǰ
Ŷˡ˶򣬶ҪĹ¡Ǹةడ

ͷսЩ

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Ůh

ȻҲӴ˴䣬Լ鷳˵ǿԵۻ͸ˡ͵۵ǻةΪվ˷Ǳ߶أټǨص·ϲһǿɢһ

˵ǰǿǹҵˣ껹䡣ЫĳԼĸŹ
ҲĸȡҲ̫׺Щֱ̯ҡͷ

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Ǻǣ˲̼Ůľ࣬ЦЦ˵Ϊλͬһģ̫Ÿϲɡ 

˵ͬһģ͵תĸֺȻԺԭôһΪ쳣

ץˡ̯ͻȻԶ˵
ҲѭŷȥǸˣҲ߳һģһϴʱűеľǿʹݣǰ·ѪһΪۣˡ

ĸôģӦɣһץ֣ˮʯĻỹӵʱԶȺͻȻЩɧ̧һֻһλִĺ˲֪Ŀʼڶͷ̤ʯӯ˹Ŀꡭ


84
ֻǱϵĹٲһһûдҪ
濪ʼңȺӴܣ̼ٲ˵ˣǵʻ㲻ǿڽڽڰˣҲûԼб

ٲѺˣֱԼǰ֮ңľ룬ͻȻֳ嶯¿˿һձӡѲӰһ߹ȥǲǼһȻѸײڶ֮èܵ˱󣬡žžʹȫ֮
˻δüͷ״һ㲻ʡˡ

ܡ˳·Ҫܡ
ҲˣֻܸϣֻЩѣƺء

ͻһķӺͷǡӭҫ۹âĽУһʱŵֽŷ߲ˡ

ǽľһĨܿ죬ƺԥһ¶ʱջأԷϻЩģ޹ûº֡

ߡһѼӣٲҲˣϺˡ
һһʣ˭ɱ磿
˭Ϊʲôңȴʣתһüļ㣬Щ졣

һҿջǼ̸Ҷˡ˵
㣿ˡ
˭ɱ磿һΡ
ǡͻȻһѽһֱᴩ壬źɫѪҺ쵽ǰǰѽ˵ˢȻأĿ

˾ŵõԶֻĺˣܸоõϢֻǹٲٴθòֿȭ֮

ֿһ۵ϵʬ壬Ϊ˲鷳ӣھûӵԶԶġ
ֻôһ㣬֪˭ˣŲɿֻźԹҪǲ˭ֱ˵֣ҲϣЩɡ

ܵһֵһƽֹͣͣŵ





ڶʮ

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šҲǣһȥ˵žҪߡ
﹬ѣǴ°ȻѿڵҶڹţǰʹ﷼䣬סδ
ҡ󾽣ôŶҸʱ䣬ˣлΪָ·
ȣǴֹȴգ̾ôƯкܶҹӰĽɣҼҹˡ
˵Ӱʧ˺Ҳߵˡ

ŵʱ򣬰Ѿ齹ǵ˴ӣһӭϣˣˣûʲô°ɣ
ܷʲô°ЦŴ𣬶Ҫ߰ɡ
š˵ظϣ˵ҪȾǰȫôҲӽ°

ȡΪע⣬ơȡһ
ͷԬ
ׯӽһ˵Щ֣첻µز£ƺЩλׯ

ˣԬ߽һЩûʡ
ǰ֮һЦ˵ͳȥߡ
л״͵ƣæ˵ɳġ

ԬΪûҪʣֱ˲ӡ

ߵǰ棬԰˵رԼȻȥ治ҪΡ
ҪΣ첻ѡǷʲô
ʲôţͼͺá˵űǴߴ٣ȥҸׯϾԵ

ʲôԷĵɻˡ
ԬҲͣסŲ

¸˵߽һ
ʲô£
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û˵һ飬ҲԼӦԹۡ

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ԬһۣԶﲻ޷̵׻ǵˣ
һʼûף׹˵˭֪ȡʲôжưɡôĻϣ̫ٳϯʱ⡣

˼ȫȷҪɱ尡ֵܲɱҲΪȨơ

һֱӸıҪɱڵûȥ¡
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Ϊʲô
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ΪôףɱǼ٣Ǵ󡣡ɫԭҲĳЩǡ 

ϸ룬˵Ҳûеɱʵۣôֻôݲеɱ֣Уԭġ

ûٶ˵ʲô

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Цһʱ֧⡰װŪͳԲεļţ˵ֿܵ˥ϣԶҲñһζԬǿ鼦һưͳԻԹɡ

ǹȥˣԵðֵֻǣԬûжԼ¡

鶼ˣ
š
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š
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磬֮ǰ𣿡һͳ
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ӱЩʲôЦ浹ᣬܿĿԴһ㣬ԵϲʹĸǽԺϲһȺԼ˽Ȼ
˵ҲɣεͷֻȻ뵽ʣҪҪȥ
ųھͽȥֻ²̫ðɣЩԥͿ̫ٳϯϼţҲ칦򡣡
ɣ˵棬һ̾ϢȥȥϿ

ЦЦ漴ҪæƺԶҲæҪΪ
ȻǰŸ̤ݵһ̣ͻȻٲˢȻתߣֱɣӰŽסɣʹȥ

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ݸһЦ˵´ΰɣ̱ɩɩ

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Ԭ̧һƤû˵ʲôֻǰкӷతİӺ档

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ʲôҪ̣˵ɣҽ塣棬Ͱ뿪Ц˵һҲΪ˻Լĵ׵ǵ㵣ǣʲôԼ޷ӦԵء
ðҲͲĨˡЦЦһ̩ȻʣΪʲôҪǸɱ֣

ô֪ȻʧЦ
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ӵЦȴһתú˵£ҵȻֻһʱûгְˡ

ʶãת˵Ǹɱ֡
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ӹһĨЦݣֱֱؿȻǶǺ˽⣬ô֪ǣɩɩǶʲô
Щ顣

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ſڣֹķǹ⣬ֻΪԬԼ˲ȥܵģң£ôܷ˾˵ӵĻ
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ΪԼ˭˵ĻͷһȾǸжõģ˶ˣҾͲȥܣҲܲˡ
ӺЦͷӣº͵˳޷԰Ρ

hܰΪɣĵøһΣԼûбЩҵر





ڶʮ

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ʱӣûǰ嵬͹ЦţܵʲôĶݡ

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ƾһ仰µ⹫hʶģǳЦЦ˵ʲô

һ겻ǰǰƯһУ˶̽ʣ֪˴λؾūЩʲôö

Ա񾭣һɻΪʲôùҪһ̫ʲôö

˵ȥ͸ūĽʨһĸأɼǵã֪ûСѻ˵ȫ˼ˡ
ӣ漴װźͱǸӵҵ¸ˡ
ֻЦʱʧɫ˲Ұæ˵ҪҪͷ˸͹ǡ
ĸʨʲôӣͰڳ˲м֮ɫ΢У̫ˣҲūҪĶ

ôأhζǰֵʲôͷ

ԩҪôӦԣ仰ͻأĶϣ̾Ϣ
ԩûǴĻǰȻд̳گʱĪҲhйصǸɡ

ĪhȻйϵϣץʲôѱΪ˷ĿڣhôĦţڴŵӲʣôԩˣ

Դʧɫ벻ԷַӦһ£ѹ˵⻰Ǻ⣿
˵أװһıӡ
㡭ʧأܿƽЦūɱڵūһֱûء

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ǽӲˣҲǻҧ˵ġһ⡣
ɱһhΪʲôְƵҲһ˽Ŷп롣

ڻ¶˵ЦݣͷϰԼΣݵǰ˵ǼԲãҪʲô˵ֻҪҰõͷһ˸͹

͵óѵ绨Ƶε֣Цָԭе֪ӣãūֻǽĸʨūҲʲôֻ̰֮ӹõ֥ôˡģūһúñܡ

Цͷ°֧β٣һζ̫ཡʵúܣ֪ҪٸͷҪʱвţˣϲԼסھǣһҲͼôһΡ

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ʵ۵鷿ƻֺ˵ãȥһǿ߶żԼС

hϵӭϣܸˡ
ʲô£һ߸Ĳһʡ
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ʶС֣ڡ֣١֣Сˡ͡

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ŰģĻԬϡ
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ſջԼȷûôҪˡΣҶµġûԬΪҾͻϲǿŤĹϲαȤ

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㲻ȰѣɿֱһҰޣͺˣ֪Ҫѡ

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ȱˣƺܿסϰ֡

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ǡҲһתҪߣɸղѺеһĨֱᴩԼǰ漴ȵҺӿ¡

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ŵеĵûУŻðѪʬ壬ɫҲҰˡ





ڶʮ£׽棩

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ͷˡǷˣĮֻԹߵѡ
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ܿȥС̫࣬ʬҲܿ챻̧˳
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ԬڱڵðѣãȴǺ޵ҧгݣֱһưȵȥ
û뱧Թ˵ûġţһ˵ʵȷû

޿̵ʱԬŵɺ죬Ͷ漴һԲŭµϣϴԡߣ;һ򣬲ˤǲȻѣܻͷ͵һ˫ֱװүԸҵ·
ӦߵȻǰﻹЩΰεĿ̫

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˯ϴˣϴ࣬򲻸ϴ֮ǰ˯ŵġܻùͲԲһֱ

ԬƳһۣϨ漴£ȴÿģ˼ȥߡ
˯ˣ̽ʵʱѾϨƴʮˡ
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֮䣬ɵʲôӵĹϵ 
УʲôϵСʡ

ĬãԬڻȥƵǲǶ㣬ֽţλҲΪİɡ
ҡŮӵ𣬼е˵ԼԸģܿûҪô赭д˵ʱȥҲⲻꡣ

ϹȻ⣬ҪǴҲнյ鷳ԬĻﲻ޼Ҫhһûꡣ
һŮӽֻ㲻̫п𣿡ʣƽ˵˵¡Ǳ˵¡ȻϣʵҲоò
ֻԣԬû˵ʲô

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컹ûͿʼˣhܰȥ̫סĵط
̫Ϊķ١

һԴըˣʲô˵ķ٣οҪϼ˵ģٴҲ첻
׼һ¾͹ȥһߴӦһ㣬˿޲ԼָͷŰ˿ˮˡˮˣ
æݱȲڨڨ˵Ҳ֪ôˣָɬͷеΣúȵȲ滺滺
˲ҪҪǺҽŵ
ˣȵȲͺáæЦС»ˡ

ŮһȲϣ̽̽¶һСڣֺ̾ͷ£һԬ˵Ҳһɣ㡣
˵һֻղ豭ﵹһֻЦӯӯһ̣òֹᡭֻһֻۡ²ߣ۵Ľǵॵһ
Ǵ˵еĿơ

Ҫҽֹˣ˵ûд󰭣ҵҩͺãȻǶ̫ѾһԹֻ²ܸĸͷˣȻȥһɡ
Ѿ߱뿪ˡ

ָͨ죬ҩźùһ㣬滹Ǻʹƣ򲻵ѣ治Ҫ׳ԡ

̫ͷҲû˵ʱԬһﾪˣΪԸ̫ᷢ١
𴩣ҲýƱ磬ֻĬĬزȥЩ
ǰ컹װô磬ˣ󡣡кܶġ
ʲôΪȻʡ
Ԭ֮Աǣ˵ʲô
ȥĸ󡣡Ҳϻֱ߳ݡ

ԬݺõĲ裬˼

һͱ深æķΧˣֱȥֻ̫һʱЩŮֹͣΪԼװ磬еҪ˵̶֣





ڶʮ

97
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˷ϲ£ˬҲǺõòˣεɫ¶ɫƣĿˣ̫๬Ůַ˵伪Ļ˸ջЦ

ĽĿǿٹ˵壬л׹ݵһһ̫񣬲˾ȫ̼¼¡ضݻ
͵ģһװ׶ߵķӣ죬ڶ챦ǰûкȺȴҲ˳̾ѣֻһ·δ׷ӣ̧ʱԾСԬЩ·ߵӵġ

¶У̫ͥǰ߸ϣԲŷֱˣпԶ̨ӣڣò֣˵ϻϷҪݵġ

̫谮Ԭ˵ϯߴԶǡɶԵľºӣֻ׺棬ɣһǵݵλԺգֻ쳣ر

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ʣʱ䣬ᷢʲôϵ£˭Ҳֻ֪ǱȽϾѣĵֻгԺȿϷԬǸ硪ҵģҲûǿš

ұ졣
ƵĿӺĶͷɣ֪߱仰Ҫ˭ģͬʱŵĳЦַ
ǳǳЦ漴ͷŤ˻ȥȴø߸ߵģ淢ʲô£ܰɣ
˰ɣǻ׷ľҲҪԱ֣˵ɩưķҲû㣬ҪȻûһֽگ͵µУɽׯһж˲𣬻һŮ
˵С֡

98
ڮҵϣʢɣܲ˵ģƢһ㽫еľϣֲ䶯
ô£֪ԬͷסԼҵܵܣܳʲôԵʣֳϣӦá
ɣֻ޵۾һգҲգĳ㣬Ļظ֡

££ҲִǱЦݣͳһ־һ߻˵˿ЦܳŴٲƽϱǡ
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˵ЩҿһЦ˾壬װñ棺㲻ƽϣͲhƽϣ֪ɽׯĶңҪԲѷ
֪˹ְͷ͵µģ֪ˣ˿ˡ

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΢㶣ûȥ⣬ԳƳ˱΢ⲽأҲûټѣƵ׾ͺã̫ٳҲֵò죬Ϊֹɡ

һعԭе֣ϲȾƳԲ˿ףڡʳɸʳˮ֮ࡪʱ̨ҲʼһһĿûзκ쳣
Źŵ件̨ϼˣҲ顪ͷһ侳

λӯվڱ˵ļͷЦеĶ˲к¶ףȴһƬȻ
̫裬ӺȻʼݱ̫Ӻ

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Ů֪˵ȫȻѻȸˣΪ̫ǵĻʵɫɷ׵ÿ£˭Ҳֹֹֻ

99
仰Ȼֻ޵˵Ԣȴǳԣ΢׽ӰЩԵ΢ӱʲô˼
ֻϯվһߵǰ棬ɫ޶ȺɨһȦں˭ô󵨣վ޺̫棬Ҳҵ棬ѻ˵䣬ǶĶ⣿

ѻȸһƬȻ

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ĸ󡣡
忴һѻ˻ȥɱĻǺдʲô˼ҵ

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ϡüͷȴֹ

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˵˵ĲѧӦܽͰɣĿͶӵĸס
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֪ںһƺȥҵ

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100
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µҲ׷ױʾͬܽ͵ЩǣǿѾ㹻ǰκͽϢˡ

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Ǿ׼ģʵ̫󷢻ʱôվϣ᲻ɣȻǽѩš
˵أôһģɵķʣΪû뵽Ҫô𸴡

ˣ̫ٳλҾͲҪѷŵϣó⣬Ϊ˵⻰ǸΧ
վˣλ

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˺⣿Īǳ˵ˣ۾Сÿԣһţһί࣬ϾͿˡ
ûʲô
䲻һ䣬ȷԲоͻתͷٴֻɣںΪӶŵҪǰͷһˣֹͷԴҲҪ꣡ϱҧ

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ǲǸй᣿ǻͬһЩ̲ס˼ˡ

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éޡ
Ͳ˵ʲô





ڶʮ

101
ΪδʲôϷûֻ̫ͬһһѰһ߿ƽŲһ԰ֵļɽԶԶΡ
أɻţ˾ͳˣɫ΢ҡҷӯ˵һƽͰ
ֻ΢΢Ҿ֮Ϳʼ֪ǵ˵С̫ԶˣЩѣǿƣתػһʯͷڵ

˵˭ɵģ 
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üڤ˼þҲ벻Ȼڻ˱һ°ŵɱ֡
Ҳաӽӹ˵
Ŷγԣ
ŵ£ϿǻɵͷϵģŪɱѩϼ˪

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ү˼ʵɱϣɡ
ȻֻЦעһɢĻ᲻ˣ
ӲΪ⣬ЦЦ˵ɱŻϣүĿĵܴﵽֳһ£¶δ档
˵ģҲеɫֱءҪҳʼٸ߳Լܽдơ

šӵͷͻȻʣǸ֪үθ룿
˵ģнhõıɱ֤ȻԭҪΪѹһģǾ䡮̫ӺӰҲ°ɡ
ү֪̫裬ӺΪ⣿
⡭ƺ֪

ǳǳһЦ͵ӣȴƫƫһϿĿͶ˫͵ʱ㵡
֪֣Ͻè䡣
ү̫ãֻ˻ɣذɣ£պ˵

ǵԽԽңԶҲߵԽԽ죬±Ƿ֣˿̵ܸӣ֪ӲȨıƺЩʧҲЩǡ

102
Ļæ֮ʣע⵽ǰһСӽѲߵģѲ㣬װ򾲼ǰУֻΪһλԿᡰͷĿڿ֮ʾߣԼͣǰ𾴽ˡ

ʶh
̲סȻЦӦͷ㲻֪˵ʲôɿ棬ļһ㣬ЩϤ
֪Ƿ񻹼ǵСģһ˵⻰¶ܶຩ΢ɣûѹȸС
ǡװԲˡ
СĽвܹ㣬æ˵˻ڹﵱʱСĳŸׯ𣿡
Ŷ㰡װûȻ
ˣԳƲܹ˺ܸˣɬʱ˵Ϊ˴лѰСġ

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С컹˰ӣƺúܺáȻڴˣСһ£
ѾˣһĥҪôӦԣһʣʲô£
Ȼôϲү˿ɷһ׮

háͽ
¸硣æЦӯӯͷ
ܹ˾˵һߡ
hòϯԬܵһڨЦǺǵӣԵЩ

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ȻЦţʣҪ¸һȥǽźѣ
Ǹ¸һȥɣЦ˼ҡһʱӣ˲ӡ

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Ȼǻͷ˵£һᾡΪ
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ԶԶ˵ЦУһ޵ȻӰ

103
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ʲô壿һ·Ͽ
һ壬ûʲôȹȥɡ 
ֶԷ֧ԼĸоԼߣҲ˲ȥ¡벻֪ǲһͬϯ˿ʲôõϵ

ȥԬôȥôã
𣿡ûشŲŲƨɱ뿿һԼĶϸһ־ò³çձ˿ڡ
ʱˣŵȣȴʼûмӣĪز

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ñҸ
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㷽Ųǳȥ˵ԬȫȻһ²ؼӡ
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Ԭ
ȥģһ£Ϊ׽Լ۾ɥ
ߡ
ҲûһֱߵԼЩͷˣתûҸʲôҪȥéޡ
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ԶԣǺɣֻûٸۣһתһ̧ͷ㿴ӭӣ޴롣

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ɣûзԼ͵ĶԻ

104
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Ľ鹫Щ¡
Ľ鹫˭͵˾漴㿪ʼ룺Ľ鹫ҲһڹܳԵÿȻһȡ˵Ѿѡˣſ⹬費

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ˡ
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˵žéķȥˣԬûиϣֻǵʱӲˣڡ

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⻰Ρ
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ǹңЦ
Ԭ̰ͷһߣñǿߵûһ˿£ôѾҵŮˡ
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ܲµôԼһΪǶ£˵ˣֻ£ôͻӦòڶΰɣϲh





ڶʮ£׽棩

105
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ҡͷ

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ĸ˵˶ٱ飬ⲻثh¡弸ǳ⡣
̫ûٶԣһԣĬĬᡣ

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ٿ̫ӵκͰԹҲгĲ̺ͱ

һһٶˣҲģ壬˵ִɣͲǻѪֵ֪ȻʸûѡɽˣҲԽܡ

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̫һǿڶ˵סһ
ĸȳȥ뿪

106
ƺǿûʲô顪˵ﻹڴ
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107
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㻹ҪҶŸɣҲɵˡüô˵ʵϣҲȷʵϣ֣ûҪκְЩڰߣǾҲûҪǡ

á
ԬͷޱȴֳƵϼҲʴ£ҪԼȥ顣
벻֪ղ˵һôҪĿĲѣֻáΪǿв̣ȴòϣвǺõģ֮ҪԼ˵ȥµĻƼʹһС

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108
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Ȼ̫⣬Ǵһ£Ҫѡµˡҳģ侲صȴ

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ĽŲӯϸȥͻΪǻþŵ̬

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һЦߵվȴԶĿϵǶ
һʱ룬ˣӦŶԣʵƺ뷨ۣź

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Ҫı԰ɣ˾֪𰸣ǻһʡ
ûȥǸ淢Һܺ棬ΪʲôŲȴֻк棬ûκμɵ
ôô϶ûȥ淢
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ɱͷӴҪ塣
ȻңҲ
ȻӲƾɩɩݣӦÿԵõ⣬硭Ͳһˣô 
ͻȻе㻵ˡ

ɩɩͻȻ֣½һ͵ûб˼Ҫȥ淢Ļа취ȫˡ
ϣô֣Ϊ˵⻰
ˡ
㵽վıߵģԽԽ㲻
רᣬԣƢֱ꣬ɱˣ͢ȻĻ̻̣ѹΣڵϦΪ֮⡣

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ӵ˲ܶĤ֮ҲʱΪ
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Ͳˣͼʲô





ڶʮ

109
ֻȨԶƽӹ֮棬󵨵
ӣϵǣǡ䲻磬ȴԶıҲסϲġϲҲԼûв˴һʼ־˲

˭ҲӵѲԼ뵱ʵֻۣ˵˵Ц
Ϊ˵⻰ʱ̫ƽԾ죬ܿЦЦ˵ɩɩأʵ˭ܵģ
һ֧ıһȥ淢Ϊʲôֱʡ
ҿûȥ淢ϷټĽ󲻽֧ıΪңҲǲѶΪ֮ɩɩҲһ֪˼ôܣûѡء

ô˵ûκͼš
ȻУֻǾĿǰɩɩĽ飬ˡһֱ档ЦĻꡣ
顭ĪĻţ˵ĿǰҲûʲôɣЩǰڮٻϺͲҡ
㲻ᣬǰЩӸ˵ﻰǼٵġ

ƾһ㣬޼ɵδ̫СhԵߣﻰǷԷθҪ˵Լġ

ο˵ڱɩɩ˱磬˶һĲֵ㲻ǵ˰ɣرǻʼҵˡ
Ҳǳ硭ԥһڣںԼκˣһκвҵ棬ҾͲ֮֮
Цſһĵӡ
Ҳ飬ֱʣ˵ģһţô£
㲻֪

ʣЩ飬˵h

ǰûи㣿дһţ¶㵱ɱΣȻʣδ۸Ȼگʵ
ʱĻţhȻ߱
˵СȴԵúˣı¶ܿ־塣
˭Ƿţ
֪ԣ㵥һ֪ҲԼжΣաֻΪʲôûвȡжԼ̬ȣƺҲûʲô쳣

110
ģͻȻЦЦҡ˵Ƿţֻһ˿ѣģɾʣͼӴ״۸ĹݣУûȻʣگҲ̫ơ
ΪʲôôЩмǾذ
Ϊʲô̡ҡӵĶͣһ£ֱתƵķ

ôһ仰صײĻ꣬ߣ̲סһЩеûģֱӵԼ˼ҡ

Ӵӻóһŷ⣬˵дţ滹ҼҴ࣬Ҫؼˡ
õģҷ֤
ԾסһǣԷȴûҪ˼һֻðأǵز֪ʲô

ȥҲǲԣ˵Ӧ
ʲôϣҲûоԴǾ䡰ʲô̡Ӳ
˱硣࣬ƶ
Ҫôʡ
Ԭh²Ӧɻͻе߸Ч
뿪ڡ
ʲôʱ򣿡
ȵʱ죬һᰲšһ棬תһЩЩϲʣǴӦˣ

ͷ׮׺ܷͬСɣȴֵһᣬ˵ǰ棺𲻴ӦͲҵˣ԰ɣ
вӦĵӼЦ
ţǰô᲻Ӧһ㰧֮̾ɫʣһʲô

ɵһٸڶŵݸ
ӹ٩ʣͲʳԣ
Ҳдһţһ˱ţҪʳ𣿡Ļмζ
֪ˡպãȻת뿪
˵ģЩѹܿͨˣΪ֪ԼԵhСûҪۣ˵Ż˵ġ

111
ûлȥϷֱhܰڵ
дģ˴ĳЩ飬h£֪Լܵвдر˵Ҫˣ͡뽫¹֮ڡ֮ŭΪѩޡ

ϸhɱ˵ọ̈̄ҲhΪ˶Ŀɱڵ֤
򵥵˵hʱޱϢٵȻگگıΪ֪ʿаةǰɱةȫҵǿȻؽģhݶΪȫҲŹֻϧ˴ؾдƺ⡣

һɱ̫࣬ͲˣҲûʲôġ
źճɻҽһ̣Ԭˡ

ڸʲôŵһźڻðͲµʲôɴ뵽ʲô˵Ļ¡
ûʲôһЩҪĶ赭дͼɻأʣôҲˣ
Ԭش𣬾ֱߵ£˱ãʣ£üĿˣ
ûû뵽£ͷһȾͼǲʲô뷨֪Щʲô
ǵ£ΪʲôҪ֪Ԭһ²ؼ̬ȡ
ֱһˮû˵֪ͱʡ
Ԭ֮ԱǣкȲ衣

һᣬ㻹ȥϷ𣿡
ȥѾ˵ˡ
Ҳȥˡ˵
ˮʯԬ޼
ЩҲסܿò죬ǹԼȥ鰡
һŮܲ鵽ʲôҪĸͻǱߵϢ˵ҳһֽȻ󽫵ϵĻҽ£һ²һ£µѾͷǰæʲôͷ
һŮߡԬЦһ㲻˵

112
֪˽һ飬ϴ軹ǾȥߣöΣɾҪŵʱס˵ûʲôһЩ
һȵû񫣿hܰ϶оƣֲ֪ģܶͷһҲǾ֡㻹Ҫȣ
оûоˡԬͣЩͷ

ˣûأΪʲôȵ뵽ҪʣǣеǲȾ֢
һλʽ˼һ뵽ǰ֮£ԬͲζתʹߴٵ㲻Ҫȥôߣ
ԣƲƲ˲ӣߵʱ򣬿ҹŮͷԸЩƲ˽ȥź

Ԭʱ򿴵һӹŮϺþƺòˣЩϲȶˣͿʼӰӣ˼ĸо񣬳ô죬֪úòء

ĽŲǲԾȺĵطȥʵϣԻʹĵһ㶼Ϥÿһص㣬ģˣȥĵطҲԼƿصķΧ֮ڡʹ̫ԩ̫࣬Ƨ
ԶԶܿĻ⣬źȲ֮֮ò̫֡Լǰڼȴ¡أ˸ŮҲݳޣĺܲ

ͻǰವĽŲһ飬ҪҵʱҲ㣬Ͼ̳ļ϶ֻҪһߣɡǣôˣֱ͵񫡣
ܿи˲ĴҴҾӰͷЩϤ͹ŲӶ࿴˼ۣվĿʧֱһ̣ϳǰɣϲ䷢ִıгš

ǰߣûа˷ϣֻûһˣִȣһϮ£ɾʥࡣ

Ҫ𣿡ںƵ
ǰ岻ãȥЪϢ
岻ãôˣʡ
΢΢ȭߣᡰȡһ£ЦЦ˵ȼƣëַˡ
ʲôëʣȴ־òʡ
иǡ

뿪üͷþòŵչ





ڶʮ

113
ӶˣͻȻԼȥֻԵȻζ˵һ㣬㿴˵Ҳ

ǺԼ׼Ϲ骵ģ֪úòáΨܷԼɣɲ԰ӵ
Ҳͻѣ˼ȻϴСģ˳ɸʲôĽ鹫йϵοhɲʲô˼˰ܷ½ٸѾܲˡ

һߺ˼һߣͻһķšˡɻͷ˾ǴѹĻʺȥȴҲš
Դ쵽ڣλʺҲǣûй˿ҲżȻȴ֪ΪʲôҪס

ˣƽ͵Цߵǰһҫ۵ķˡҲˣûиú˵˵ȥҴΣ
ĬĬס֣Ӧðһȥ
ʺس΢Ц˵˼޹ؽҪĻ漴뿪ˡ

ֻõȴ죬ͬʱЩڳһˣϹͲʺҲ鷳£Ҳ˵Ǹǻǻ㲻ɣֲһͿʰؾˡ

ûhܰһӾζҴһֱıǿЩˡ
߽ڵıԬԴģԼȾܺȳ⸱Уǽƽǰ׳оɡ

ֺȶ˰ɣı۰
Ԭ̧ͷ۾һɺ죬ȴɵֱſڱ
һߣ̲ס̵Цһ£󶪳һ䣺h˼ҹ
溰ùŮǰϵľƲ˸ˣԼָԬ˱鵽ǰ
ȣվҡҡλθƨɺ棬Ȼһѱס֣˵㡭

뼴ƷɽʰһоֵĹŮǻڣûôǶǷԸȲʰˣȥɡ
ǡĲĹŮⲻᣬ¡

114
ҲɿȥסԼֻ첲ɾҲӲ̫ˡ
ľ˵ʻƣһΣյԤ
ƬĶʼĦ۵ƤֱͶ

ף⻹ˣΪǱŮȻ£޷ܣ鼱֮£׼ҽžͺݺݵزȥ۵̲סƺһʱֹͣҲʱѣȻգߣʧ
΢΢ְĦԼĶǡ

ܺȾͱȡŭδ·Ҫ뿪ڵ
վסѵԬַӦ˵ܴ죬
תûмߣҲûĻȥôǣüȴ

ԬͷеΣӰҲһֱҡΣѲһӣȥ
ҵ衣˵
ϡͺΪݺðϵĲ裬ĵ
ԬٴξȣֻúȲΡ

룬ֻվҲۣ߻ȥҪЭɶģպٷʲô¡
ûʡ
ʲô̬ȣԬ²豭ȻôɷӦУǱܳ谮Ĺ
ǹŴŮӵıɡ
Ҫ⴩ԽС˵дǰȨ޴ڣŮˣʲôǴģԲеѹȥˣҲų׸ĵز

㲻رˣʲôԣ޶ҲǱ˴زܴﵽľɣûʲôԡΪû飬ӦңӦöҺȥ

Ԭ΢˫Ŀ

ǲ˵𣿷֮˵ڿǸиЭˣƷôãֻպʲô
ԬſڣȻǾ䡰ƷôáʹȴʣʲôЭ

115
պңǰǶķޣ˴֮䣬ˮˮҲжơСֹһ䣬̧߷ֱ˵װɣͬĻ͡Ϊġ
־ݵġЩסȻ뵽ԼûͺhּͶͷѡ򵥵ķʽô˵Թ˵Ǻܷĵģرӵܡ

Ԭһֻ֣ûȫ̧ߣȲȥ󻹽סóѵЦ

ִĴתӦø˲ǣƺҲûʲôø˵ģĪЩζ֡˦ĸоɣ˵˵ˡ

գģ;ðԼȥʺĴкܶŮǶᣬǺȻиĺ¹һ½㡱ɴƶϣǹ
λЦЦȴסˣһˣ۾ھزЦȻЦ

⣬ҪԼֻ̫ȷ˾ǹɣԣֻԻʺ΢΢ǷǷЦݣûĶ

ؽҪҪ̸иˡһλݵŵҲ׷ױ̬
ҲáʺЦӦ
ĽҲȥˡ

˵ľǸĺ¹Ľ飬˵еĽ鹫̲ס࿴˼ۣǸӣʮߵͣڵӣɰȻʼǸӣϲô⡭̫ˣ21͵ĻŴҲǲܰ

hΪʲôңĽ鱾ѾߵſȥˣȴͻȻͷ
ҡûа۾˵Ϲһ죬æͣûʲô񳤸ˣҲûϳ
𣿡ĽһתüƲƲ죬ת뿪ˡ

ŴĻʹԭҲôĺӰǼܿյĳʷϣмء

116
ʺĽ뿪ıӰЦĽ鳤ˣҲôƤ
ϲ͵ģж˲ٷ
һЩҳ֮󣬻ʺ

˿֪ϵ˼ڽɽ֮ϣܳϿң˵νʵһ󡣡
ʲô£˵ɡǲйϵ־ڽɽ𢡱ģô
Щ£Ǳ˴ﶼԴңϸǳɫȮУĹ¡ֻһ죬ҴѻΪ˵ġûаѻ˵ȫĵĺͽǣԶ׼

һǹĳĺûʺ󰡡

֪ĻԼˣͻȻͣ£ȥйŮ̫࣬Ըϴţʱ
ʲôȻ֪ȴЩ˺µġ
ˡ˭ǰŮӾôͨԼǰ
ʲôæȥûԼһżҲϥˣԼֻô

ˣʺɫ㣬úַȰȰϣΪ룬ҲΪѹ롣
˵˿ֻӰ첻áȰʱͻȻһ˿󴫳ȥͲûˡ
ʺҲ̫ãԱһڴϣ𸴡
Ҿԡ
˵͸˵úܣЦŵ˵Щ仯ģԭһĥ˺þãҪҪ˵¡
Ǻǣܻġ˵

Ϊ϶λʺЩ羴Уڸ̸ңܻԼĸ飬ǶĿͣ룬ǴŮ˰ɡ

һλãͲñŮ鳤šⷬ˵Ǻеģ٣۵ͬ

磬ʺͬţ䶯󹬡Լһּ顣
Ů˺Ů˵Ĺϵͻأϲᡣ





ʮ

117
ʺҪh弸Ӧʱɣʡʲôڰеһߣѵôǻʺ㲻Զʲôͷ
ԭҲôĳ̾
ǸΡΪԼô˵æЦ˵İɣһ

ʵϣ˵˿ǻʺ

û飬
ţȻ

ҪʺˡܡţΪԼһ˵Ļ༸ֵǣο˼ǻʺҪиʲô̵Ҳ

ѵóߣζо㣬ϲǿӦտţʺԶһһľһƬεϲ͡
ЦЦ˵лܳߵȻǺ£ͲܳԼҲܽҾˣֱӽҵ֡
ţʺҲǲˣҲֱӽһɡ
áͷΪⱲӶ֪ʲô뿪ǣ˭Ҳ˭£֪Īĸо
ҲǶõݴʡ

˵飬ЦҪǳյĳ̶ֳϣӦý顣
ȫʺˣȤģԶһЩóԺģֻǴǮ򣬿۸ͦġ
ᣬһʼ˾ʮĹʣҲûÿԼֵȺִ˲ƣ

ǰӼġ
ϻСۣһȥܿջأ21͸һˣ֣ۣ޼䡭ûָо
߰ɡû뵽ǣ֡
šָо֪˽ʱĻ䡱˿̵飬

Ů˲֪Զ˸ЩаhʶĲܹ㡪һԬˣһİŪֱ̯ϵƷΣһ߰һһϡ

118
һһ˱ݡǹ롱ͻ˳·֮Դǰָ·عĴ
㣿ЩԾû뵽˺ãã·Ҳۡ
ѽﻹǵң̫ˡܿ챻ڵͽкû
һקҪϳ˶ѡ

ŵ뻹ǰѶԷľٶĳֹȵ飬Ц˻һѣ°Ūˡ
λǡ΢ǲ⣬һֱȺ档
˭Ǵע⵽Ĵڣǰһզ˰ʹʲôͷ
ῴһ֪ô
أһʱûãЦЦ
Ҳ°Ǵ˼ҵǧ𣬲֪ûлޣ
ǰʸ·һҪʼôʱæ˵һ䡰ǸûȥˡҪߡ

ɻ
ﻹûشҵأôˣ첽ϣһ˵ϴι·ʱҾиУԵְ 
Żߵø죬ֱ񾭲ûˡ
ҶڹǵģȻʲô٣ÿտԼϡԣͣؽ˳ָߴ䣬ܶҶϲĶ⿴һۣƫƫ;ùҼҹġ

ܴ󣬶λòŮʵעĿˣһ·һ㲨
Ѿˡͷһ䣬Ӧô˵ġ
ȻǴһ֮ϣΪ˵˵ٻ˲ǣҪǼˣǵɷôôƯڽͷ¶棿ģ˵ýȥӦòھǰɣҪȻͲҡ

æͣ£˵ĻӲЦһʣӣʲô֣
ҶӰСҪ˷ܵؽͣĿȴͻȻͻķ򣬶ܹȥ
ǿߡû˳·ٲֱֻϡ
㿴Ǳߡ 

119
һ֪ǴֱķǻܹǰĹˣˡ
ֻԼֹһ֮ɫͱðһһۿڻֵһͷȥҲ֪ܹ˵ЩʲôŵĻ
߰ɡᴽǹЦֻһ־硣
ȴҪòܹ֪Լع·Ҳţɣ
кܶͿǣǿ˵ͨġ
һ룬Ҳ;˺ܶࡣ

Ȼ֪Ԭҵܹڨ⣬ֱعֿŷһԼ
ȥˣƽŵģʡ
Ȼһ·ס㡣
㵻ͷתüԣң
Ǹ٣ǶסšԬʲô¼ǰߡ
ΪʲôҪң۸ʺȻҲȥҲֻԭ򣬼û˵͸ӿ϶ˣ̾˵ٴˣ˵£hԺ󶼲

Ԭͣתͷǲ˵
ӹ壬һۣΪֱߵǰ档
㾹Ȼʶػʹ·ǲǺ֣
⻰ͻأػԭأ뵽һ䣺ֵĵطǣֻǰûעѡ

ԬȻ
Ե⣬ӣһһʣʲôʱؾǣ
ԣ޲ھͻȥԬ˵
˵˵ˣҲһ
ˣΪβȥ̫˵˵Ԭ
˿ڣ˵öסġҲ⹬÷ơɡ

ߣԼ£ȻȥԬ뷨ûġ
վĽǶ룬⹬ʵڱ࣬ңҪߵĻֻҪӦ̫Ǳ߾ᷴԣ֮á
ʵܲˣȻذɣҸĸ˵֪˲ﵽԼ飬߾ߺˡ

Ԭġȡ˰Ρ
ˣҪһߡľɡ
ӿ첽ƶhܰߡ
֪ΪʲôͻȻ⣬˼Ƭ̵óһ˱ĵĽۣǲh壬ҲԼñӰ

120
ȥ̫󣬷ԶûյĹʣһʲ֪Ϊ·ķ
ĸͱˣϻ˲ģϹҲûá
²鲻ʲô
鲻ֻܵˡҲģԷǲǴ֤ݲŸҳǸΪʲôڣ滹ǺһûʲôµӰ죿

ˣˡͻȻиС̫һŴ˽
ô£̫ʡ
ϡҪ˰ΧѾץˣҲпܡ
Ҳпܱ嶯Ļϸɱˣ仰û˵ȫҲԶ
̫һļһָſڣ±˲ӣ죬ȥϣ
ǡ
̫ͳˣҲĪĻš

ϵʱΧ˺ܶʿٻѵģִģƴƺҪˡ
ϣϰ̫һֱĴԷ
ӳµϥڵϣһȻ⧲һţ̫վ

ϣʦڣ̫һ߽壬һʡ
ı֮ȻңĸϳֵĶĹ
̫󾪾塣
Ѫˣк֤֤ǶҸĹߣʲôı֮ģӲȴҲţͻȻöӦԲ
Ҫ֤ݻ򵥣ˣһ£ֻһѺһλͷ棬˺۵˹

˲֪ûվȻŵģһ־͹˵ϡ
˺ðϳŽ޴ˣ
飬޵˵һ飬˭ָʹöƻˣ˭ıҰģ
ǡȻجج赹ģȴָ¡
޴㡭





ʮһ

121
֮λ޴ǣ֪ΪЩǿѨĶϣǴȻǾ̱ƹв֤ˡ
ı֮ģӦòģӵĶԻԼԻʱ飬ĺͿģ

Ҫ̲ʱֹ̫ߵ²ȥ˽½Ƚ׵
ʲô̫˵Ƶģǰļ֮򶨣Ƶҽ̲Ҳã˳㻹ܰѵı۸Ȼگ֮²ˮʯ
˵Ǿ仰ʱ̧޲˾֪
Ҫ˵˵̫Ǽǻ֣̿壬۾ɱڣͲγĵԶս͡

¸磬ٲȻǰһװúʣ˵⻰ʲô˼Ȼдگʱīگд˭ʵۣһġ۸ġһ£
húαִԲ򣿡Ц˶ֱֱҪ¸м仰Ҫ㡣

̫ĿͬʱϣҲֱһۣߵ¸ǰͣ£ʾⰴʿſ
һ۱ϵʿԶ㣬󸽵ĶߣԵ֪̫ΪʲôһλĹôмΪʮ»̥ġ
壬
˭ģʡ
ûлش𣬶ǿã˵ӣ֪£Ȼ֪Ϊʲô¸ҷǣˣҲһˡ
Ǳ۸Ȼگ£ҿԲ׷ѹĽɽһƿء

Ҫ½¶࣬ɲ˵ѹҲһƬҡȰ侲ȱ𼱣а취
ת壬ϣƾһ֮ʣԸ¸ֲִĻȰԼУǻȥ
˵ʲôˣһĨ˵Żγһ䵶

122
ʲôŵһ£һ̫ҲΪѲ֪롣
ɱһ˰ˡ
ܡȻץסִ֣еɱˣΪͿһ˰ˣҲиõİ취ΪʲôǶһ£
õƺɣɱ˵ľҡ˵ãġ

ǣرأκδÿֻһδƽһ𣬾׼عʱͻȻа˰Ｑ˵߹ظ漱Զʧݣ᧿Σ
ҲסһüͷȴǺܽŵӡ
ܽɱ֧Ԯһ
Ǳס˼ſͻȻһ΢ЦĻȣʤЩϲǫhͲٻˡ

ǴѹĻʵۣ߹ʮ𼱵ʱ뵽ģʲô
ܴ˵

ַӦ巽֪ԼˣɫȻӦʿȥɣ޻ɱԮ 

еȥ¸Ԭˣô죿Լִô죿ԽԽ֣ԼĴ⣬һҵʱ˵ģүܣѹ˭ף

ǱҲ֪Ľʱ侹̫ЩġǰԼõַҲسŵˣϣ㵱ʹȥǺú̸̸Ͳܺƽദô 
ֲûиᣬӲҪսġ岻ΪȻ
̫̾˿˵Ϸ˵ҲΣڵϦͲҪȥˣסڹɡ
бĵطȥԬа취ĸ󲻱صġ˵ҪסڹǾԲܵġ
ʲô취幾һ䡣

ûᣬת˻⣺¸ǻȥһôɡ
š̫ͷһעµ·˵ؼҪӶסĿڡ
ǻ򵥣˾Ͳ˵뵱Ȼ

123
Դ߹ؼ̬Ⱦ֪ΪĲãϴģԼģԤԣѹǰ;ʵ뵽֮ԻϲhԭȺ֡

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֪ԬһۻŤͷԶããһƬľӴ򵽾ˡ
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䣬Ԭ˲ӣæ뿪˵ȥּ

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ϲһǰԶʧȥᣬװȣ޳ܡ
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һ̵ĸоԼǸ˲佫鵹壬װ

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ǵˣһ˼ҿջԴӣסϴϴ糾Ȼ¸ͣ;鷳ԱģԬһĵ˶

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㻰û˵꣬ɣϾһ㲻ˬʲôʱ˵ȤˣСİϷ
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԰ҲͬУġ

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ãͻȻﲻԬӣͿʼЩǷ˼֡
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140
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Ҳ㲻ŮˣԽԽסˡԬ̾˿˵ģҲһƣ
ʵƾɩɩΪһУ˵ﻹаģֻΪ˴·棬˵㡣Ӷhۡ

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ϧˣҲ͸
Ϊ׽͸ŸӾɡ

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ΪԬͻȻ֣ȻֹǱʶӡ
˵˰ɣҪٶ¼꣬ׯóԲ·ƲͷȤ
һһԼҷ˵ׯʱûаԼɷ

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ٴҲߣѾˡ
˵ĶԣҲԼ߳ҡȵһȥҲкܶҪҪ졣
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һˣһʵݣʲô棬ȥ룬֪нһ졣

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һǣЩҹӸǴû뵽ɽոɣδ˭ұ֤Ǿʱ򲻻еڶ
Ȼܷ֮󣬶˴ŽûӣԼҲã鷢һǵù͸ˡ
ٶȹȥͰȫô

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һȥԬߵö磬Ҳѷɫȥ֮ͿˣȽϵΪӾôʼͿеη塣

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Ҳ̱קԶľ룬ֻ°ϣԬš






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143
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ץˣԼҲ˿̵ƺرûһСܸԴǵŵйء

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ˡɿɡһͷԼץ־ȷˣⲻ֪ʱԬͼϣһ֣һһֻ֣֪

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ˡְɡ˵
šҷšǲҷšԬ취ȥ

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磡㲻ܡɣҲżںɩɩſѾͷſԺҲĳаɡ

࣬ҵģץסһֺģϡ
ǲУԬôŬҲȫκβΣյ̬

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סѾͷʱҪע⼰ʱ֡
ˣһһֱ࣬ʣͬʱֻ֣һξ룬±ߵʯѸֱŵȫ֮ء

144
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Сģ
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࣬ĶУҲ֪Լ

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֪ѹ֦ŵԴѲ

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146
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áԬô󣬾ûôù
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ҲṦǴζԴǿǲ鷳

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Ҳ֪ڻʲôæװû˵ˤֽˣȻ뵽Ҫġ
ķӦǸ֪ҶٻЩ򡣡񣬻ÿĪţ㶼㲻һζԸЩˣ㾹˵ܡ
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ҲܱëֱƬЦЦ°ʣ˵ܣﲻղС㣬㲻
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Ԭһ̣ӵϼһϸϸİɫӣӣһֱӸԶȥ
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ͷǲϣ룺Ҫǡɲڼңʲô⣬

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147
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ƽԬһʱֻòˣΪ˸𻰵Ļᣬ㵵úܡ

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ѹկˡ

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յӵֽ˽ʯִɾʯִɣ㲻׼˵ԸԸ

148
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149
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ǰǰνɡЦ˵

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磬ȽݡԹȴתܵ磬ȥģ
ȥҴ峤ͷҲء
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150
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⡭üҡҡͷ˵ٹ°ˣû취û취

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ȥ·ֻûС˵

ֻҪҵʯִɣһҵȥ·ţҾͲǰôʳһֱġ
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ҡͷû¡
Ը⣡˵Ը⣡ƴߵǰ⧲ͰѵϣУ˵Ը⣡˵Ը⣡
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˵Ը⣡˵
ԸԸ⣬Ը⡣
ԼĲӱ뺷Ĵ󻢸һСĸˡ





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˻࿴һۣܿ췴ӦͲЦǷޣͬĸ츸ĸ硭һǸƻŮء
˵״Ԭ˼ǺһΣõhһŮӼң˵ԼǻƻŮģ֪֡
ͷ⻹ԬһǵؽԼЩֵֹģⲻ֪ñŤ

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152
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˵һԬ
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153
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װ˺ܶóԵĵĲ˺ӣһҪǰڨ
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ƴ󻢵ͷ
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ץҰܽʯˡƴ󻢺žҪȥ

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154
ǡǲʯִģ СǸţܵȥǵĴȥˡǴģ
֪Էûʲôرģͷĺܶ࣬ǰʤҲԽԽаաǴȻ֪
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155
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156
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157
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159
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162
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ܲ˵žҪؼҼҩȴӲȥæԬģһȥˡ





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⿴ԬһۣЦ˵ǰ˵Ҿ;

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164
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Ͷϣһû˵漴ƿҵЬӾҪ
ȥģʡ
ܲšͷҲء
㲻׼ߣǰסҪǰӣװöһ㣬ġ

ԬͷЦһֻ־ʹϣʣô𡭡
һֻͻȻ̧򥣬ű㱧˫
ⲻййߣһżþȫƵһߣô£

Щ¶ɬһʱˣƽŵĳȷ㲻б飿 
ԬббĻ
øپҪҪԼ˵һʲôԲ£ҲıʲôͲóһ˽𣿰ԼȻ󽫷ŭйڱϣʲô˲𡣡

ǣǺǡһЦ⣬˵ң˰ɣǰҾҪ㿴ҵжô˲𡭡
˵һֱڴϡ
񾭲ſû뵽ƴȴϾǸڰӽҪһƽ˽

˺ѣҧľһͷҰޣԽǵֿĶԽǴֱҺ
ˡֱ֫ҲûһԾˣˣˣǰģҲ±̣
û뵽ǣԬϣֹͣˣֻǰͷľƺˡ

Ϊ֮
ôһˣΪһ˵ĸ飬ȻЩţʵĿ˰ɣҲûˮ£΢΢壬оþò̧ͷ֤

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179
룬ʱ򣬷ǲҲѹԬѿӡ

֪˶ãԬͳɳƵҳȥһ¡
û˵ֻվֲһ䣺
á侲Īؾο

̣ԬȻˣȥϴһѾƣȶʱޱ飬ȴҲָе̬ܶࡣֻ߲Сĸ˸ĿӣҲΪ飬˸Ŷ㿪ˡ

⼸˯˯ҲģֱϣЦӯӯ˵
˯Ԭ˼˵ӺɷôŮ˯齣Լԡ
˯ɣæܾҳС˯ĶһΣ˯ίġ
Ԭ㲻ٷϻɵأ£һƬҡ

ˣֻһλӵøӱ棬֪֪hˣȷԬ

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ȻҲЫҲвҧ˵ʱ

磬ǰڽ֮ܵһСͷĵؤɽׯˣҪ˺ߵģȴðײˡ
ʲôҪҼҷˣǳԵıϻྣҲǺ档
һ˵
ԣԶԣġؤһЦ

ϲ룺ˡת䡱һУȻЧ԰ׯģЩҲ
ðɣҴǽȥҼҷˡҪǾ֪ЩҲһܸ˰ɡ

ˣϳ˵壬ȴûаؤϳΪˣͷҲúúõģѲؤӡ

180
ʣؤ̹Լؤԭһׯ԰˰µĹʶԼнţԿͶԼһ桭˵ǺܾǰhϳǵĳЩؤȥ˱СгϢˣ˵h֮󣬷һ̾ǾǰԴǣҲнաǣǵøhմ˹⡣

֪ҵͲôƢҲȥξˣҿ϶Ӣ¡ؤ˵ˡʱһȥ
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ҡ⿴һԵ࣬ͬʱɤӣŵҲ˵ڴӾǻ·ΪߵѾ߲׹£˾پǿƣҲ޻˵

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˾ȵʲôˣ㡭Ŷ˵ƺʲôŤͷȥ࣬ͷȻת졣

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ǡмѣⳡΡ
һߣ͵͵ıӰһ֪

ϸ۲죬ĿͷȴΣе㺩뺷Ը񣬶˳ɡаɣһЩͲ֪ôġ

Щʲôţȴһ˵
Դĸ״˲ţֻеһˡش𣬶˵ǴξΪûм˵Ĺ˼ɣŸҶԷ˲ģǰӣҪ
Цͷ

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ʲô£
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181
֮˵ȥˣҲΪ֣֪˾ͺá

࣬л㣬õô
Ī롭һôʣеúܡ
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˵ĵ飬Լᾡ촦õģ˲عġ

ˣԼҵԧ׻ǳʲô־

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⡭໹ǹǣܿһϲȥ˴ţˡ
ˣֳֿ˵պõ㣬ɲҪˡ
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Ըң໹û߽ʡ
ǲԸЩΪѣ֧˵ξԼȥ˵
˵ʲô
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ԼҪ⣬Ȼˣԭصȣһֻң¥

182
һżӭ̽Ŀ
¥롣ŮЦҪ¥
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Ҳ֪ǵĻԬǽֵܣҲǺѡ

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ЦνҪ˵ʲôʱô˼ˣԬֲǶ˵Ҫ֣
㲻ҪҧĽ֣ҵ˼ֲǲס

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183
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ׯϵλؾǵ·ϾдøƹİǮׯͣˣûĻյգɾǡٿҲ첻ϵһֽگ鰡ܼ磬ͲׯһõϢ͸ȥǣֲҰ¸ϷܲˣүҲֻҷˡ
ׯȥʲôûǳء
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ʱ뵽԰æˣƺֻ
˵Ҫİ

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ɲܼæ˵͵ᷢչ񲻿ˡ 

ᷢ£Ҳ˾ĵģôûһѴѸѽ
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184
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ؽڣһʱóôǮҿݸһЦ˵еǮĸѾӦһˣ²˳٣ؼ׼׼ЩǮǣɡ

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˵գ˴Ҵ˵߾Ҫˣݱ˷ԡ

185
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㲻Ҫ˼롣Ӽæ˫Ϥİο

ҲȻţͰӽеһߣ˵֪һĹ򣬾Ҳ˵ĶԣΪԷһǮ㻹Ҫȥ
òţӺԥؾͻЩǮ㽻֮ãҲҪѣӲдա
һ·Сġ֪ͼͲٶԣֻǲԾأһֻСۡ
۾¶ĳ㺣ӿĻţգգ˫ĿɢעЦЦ˵ɩɩġ

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֪ǲǿʼףŮ˵⡣
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186
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㡭ǡӦֻЦҡҡͷ˵ڡ

ߺֹסһ󣬾þòƽ
壬Ϊʵʱ壬Ҫµöࡣ





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hϲִȹŴЦϸߣ󻹸˺ֱܹ㡣
ˡӦתݣ˿ûȥ˼
м㲻뿴
ᣬֻû

h֪ǲҼҴϵģ
˹۲Ŀ䷢òͷ۾ģֱһżõɫǶ߸𣬹չʾ˿֪߳ܵЦţǷ顣

ʱԬôҲˣЩʱ£Ԭĳ嶯ɫ䣬Χһ֤˹Ȼ͵
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ˣ嵹ȿ˵ˣЦţѶǶݵԬǰӦʶɣǲǫhģ
㡭ԬֱԷĸ˶ܲ˰ɣŮΪΡ
æգֹ
ǿѹסŭŮҵĶ϶ۣѹôͳֻʵۡ
ԣɳ͸ˣ˵ѹҪ

˷ЦֱֹɣǲǴʲôʱʼЩһЩ̬ľٶʣĸŮ˵ĶǶǰŪοһ֮ôܹߵȽ

Цˣõɫ㶫͹ļߣǰôû㻹ֲİɣ
öǶ쵽ǰ

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ȻõԼ֣䡰ߡһһԶܹ첽ϡ
ⲻΣƺϰǰûϡ

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Ҳá룬Լ´ĶǶڴ֮ͥ»ʹӦˡ

ԬӴˣԼ˻ᵽԺһ·˵մϼߣæϲϵģ

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һɫβ˵ȥˣҪӵߡ

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֪ˡ˶٣ֻ˸˵֪ݲó֮ŮˣһҪ¡
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Գ̾˿Цһ£תƻ⣺Ƕأô£
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ô˵h룬ѵûԶԡ

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Цž棬Ȼʽ

ԬһУЩ˼顣
û뵽ô̸Ů֡Զȥǰૡ
˹ְһõĲ֪ϧƫɽҰ񡣡̾ȫûָ˭˼;Ů˿ˡ
⻰ȴԬ࣬Ĳڣŷ֣ԼˣէһǸӣϸͲˡ
Ҳ˵롣Цߵһæ

ҲˡⱾýˣԬ֪һôˣƫߵǿһ䣬ĪԼִ󲽳ȥ
ȥģʣͺˣֱԼͣȱ˵Էش¾ʧʲôȥģֻҪӰ֣ûйĵıҪ

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һԬˣԾʹ壬ǲϲģҲһáŮȥʹæվӣԼױǷõ»صϣббؿţƿʱǺسһۡ

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ûӦŰѻ˵꣬Ԭļǿõġôˣݣô˼ˡ
Ԭƽðһ䣺㲻ϣҲûʲô
ֻ֪˵ٴΡ
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Ԭס֣Ц֪ΪʲôͻȻ𣿡
ԬʹѣԼģʵǰ׿ڳϣʵԳܣס֣ŵϵҵĵ㲻ˣ˵лҿԴԶ߸߷ɡ
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Ҫ뿪뵽ǴԼʱ˵Ļ
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222
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ˣ棬ȥ

һͲԼڵжˣ粽Ͻ֡

230
һ½ϣԼģԼڵģԼݵˡУ̵֮ĵŵҡȡ

СӣվסͻȻôһִȵֻ첲͵رץס˻Ǳˣɣ
ô£ﲻѡ
Сӣɣ٬ؽһһùȣ˼˵Ǵģ
ʱ׹æ˵͵ģôˣ
ĸ͵ģ
˵㣬˲״С֪͵ġ
ǡ

ɣԶԶʻһӴ̽һƯº͵Դӡ
ڻˣһ¶
磡ˡɣӭȥ˷ܡ

ͣӾ͸˵˵ԶͿ⡣
̸أɣ˵
棬˵ˣûд󰭡˵óؼҡ

ֱ֡Ϊûûע⵽ԼĴڶôܣǰк
ӿаӲŷӦȴǾ㵣ӣô⸱ģ
ҡĺʧܣָָϵ̫˼˵̫ɹģҪ֡
ӷЦ

磬ӣģɣûʣӸ϶ĻشߣĹĵǰ͸ң˵᲻ãڵ͸һˣߡ
⡭ЩΣ͵Ǹʱȷʵ᲻ãֱС
ԭӲһӣˣɣעͰӶ˻ȥҡҡ˵ɼҸֵĸǱѰ

ɣ˲мƲƲ죬˵磬ȥҼҰɣǰЩҴ˴ѦǰβҩˣвܲɼϵݣҲЩеá
𣿡Ҳˣ̶һ˵ɣȥЩ͵ҼΣֱӻȥкܶҪ
û⡣ɣԥӦˡ

뿪ӲûмŻؼҵ˼ȥԷ





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231
ԷܶһȻϲ
ҵһҾ¥£Ӿ˵һЩȥǺ¡ܼ򵥣ȷʵˣӱֻһ˽ȳҹ뾩ǣгŤ˽ţûʧ
ô˳ǲ֪ӻ书Ǹӣ̫ˡ

֮Ҳ˵˽Щ췢ºͼһЩ£вԼԬĶԼͱȺ¡
ھǵʱҿһ뿪Ԭ㻹ǵðɣ¡
ҼǵãôˣֹͣԶ
׼ʲôʱ뿪

ԣƽһĨǣȴƵ˵Щı䣬Ȼʧˣ˼Ǻпܷһû뿪ıҪˡ
УһˣҲˡʲôûбҪֻ֪Ϊ룬Ͳ֪Ϊҿǡ
Ҫ뿪ƽͻ뿪ɣȥĶǣ͢µĻ϶ȥ

һʱ㵣ҪЮ񾹳Ҫɣ黹Щƣ˼ǣҪ뿪Ԭ֮áǰԼ˵Ԭ޵ʱΪֻûһ£ԭһġ

첻𸴣ֱֱĸоʣǲ粻ߣͲңֻվһ߶м£㵽֪֪ʵ
ԥˣϲĺ˵ڡ
һ㶼𣿡ʧ
ʵڲ֪Լ˵ʲôķӦҲǲӡ

ʧ󻺻ǿ㲻ңҲҵİ취
ɢӿȥıӰޱһ˼ʳ֪ζ
ƺСˣҲ̫ˡ

232
·ң¥ǰʱͻȻԼ̸̸ͽȥˡŮʼʶϳæ¥úܡ

㽿պŻע⣬ɹ˿ɲáŮѡ
£ָܻǰ۵ˡЦ˵
òŮҲˣǰȷʵǲð
أþòˣ⡣
ǹòˣŮЦһ˵ȥϴ󽫾ϣˣ֪
ׯ˵ԣôȻˣ
Ů̾ɲǣͻȻһׯҲ֪ôġ

ŮҲ֪밡ѵǱϴҿʵӵȰȰģ˶š

⼸ʱҲˣŮ˵ң¥޸ǹɡȻ÷Щ˿ׯϰˣȴôù١
ɣˣ鷳Ůһ˵ʱһܾͷԬͲΪԼ
ãŮһת档

˻ҪߣŮȴ׼һƲˣԼָˡǰһ𣬹˵ûʲôᵹЩˣҲûŮһʢ顣

Ҳׯһ˶ԵˬڣŮͻȻĶ¶һɣͷҵû֣Ҳƽõģ
æӦ˵ǣΪ֪һַףĳЩ˼к󣬾ڶŮˡ

ֲҲǽŮȷƽõģ췢Ц˵ׯһĶࡣ
ΪʲôҪôأ˳ʹ
ֱа£Բͬ˶Щ죬ʱҵ˸ôô˰ɡŮ˶٣ŵׯǰͼ˵ҲǸʱȥģΪ˱аƽ

233
һʼͶԬϵǻͼе棬ԭôһ£˱ĺӸ

־ҪˣֻǱŮң¥ſڣǡ
ӣлҶôðɡŮݸЦҲɺϣϲˡ
˵ǰҲңͲˡԴɣ˵ԼӡĿһ̿ʼ;ԼװˡԺٲͿĨʲôơۡš

ȻԬֱŤˣλӻǺܿ
ӺЩûˣæЩʲôȣ
棬˵Ĵȥˣ㿴Ҷɹ˲ǣ
ǳЦֻӺˣսҵúܣſҪġ

ٺһЩת⣺裬Ҵ˴֪ׯһЩ¡
ŶƵᣬģ
ǣҪġæ˵Ҿ˷ֿʵǿϧ
ЦԵʲôϧģǱͲһ·ˣֿҲá
మųΪһ·˵ģǲôֿֿ˲Ųһ·ˡ˵ңͲñǾˣ
ӺγԣһݵҿɲʲôĻϲŮˣҲûҪþ˲ù˼ԬһһҲΪǸе˵ġ

öôޣȴЩŤ֪ΪΡ赱治ׯˣ
̾۾¶ĳȻȻᣬߵ棬ñóֻǸ˵ġ

Ϊն˿鷳ӰֻĻԬ˵һЩ᲻á⣬ϣպȰȰȰ¡
ȻȻ֪֮ԬǱĻʲôԭ򣬵ܿľȻ˵档һֻģǡ
ߵſڵʱͻȻסһ˵ŵ£ҵѡ
еѣӦñҸ˽ȻֿˣóһЩȽϺá

΢㶣ߺüͷ֮ЩƣԬķԼЩⲻҪİ

234
ûǸ԰͸Ԭͻ˵˸˰æԼ绻·

ˣˡȫӭԺ෽ŷׯ
Ŷ޾ɣġ
״㲻ٶ໰ԥ컹СʣˣôˣƲ˰
ţķŸʲôʱֲ˵ˡ
һΡ
ע⵽æԴЦ˵Ҷġ
漴ߵ齴

ˣȥྪʡ
ٻءڲȥֻһ˾һ
ׯ˵¡
ûϵȥæɣϢһ¡

ָѳܺʧУùµһԶģΪÿ¾ʱûã¶Ŵ̨ԼԼ󷹳ԣΪĿǰסɽׯԽʳΪ˾ϵǵ׷û취ƽˡ
һ磬ûֻøԼ±仯һһɡ

صɽׯʱ춼ˣ԰ǡԬһ߽ƵԶȴǿˡ
ôڲŻԬʣ˿ӦǾ֡
æΪԼ⿴ߵӡ
ʱȥˣԬʡ
Щͷˣû¡

ʲôƲˣһ䱬һӵһҲԭġ
磬ҪԬԼøС

磬ȻȥˡȴͻȻҪǡ
Ҽҳ극ߣԬ졣
ˣȥʰʰ¶һЦҸ𡣡
ţһ·ౣء

ǵĶԻЩѰŶֱֱȥܵԬǰҪȥģ
Ǳǡ
ˣʱֱĸоһӿͷҲɬˣ߾ߣôԼ˵һڴô󡭡ܡ

ӿһ̣תȥķ񱼣ֻǱ˼°СʯӾˤһӣܿ
ˤһ̣Ԭ˼Ҳˡ






ʮ

235
δ߳ɽׯ׷ӣߵǰ棬۾ҪȥǲǸ˹
ǰҪΪһͳһЩġôˣ
ˡίص
ޣһţĲȷе֪ô£ֻëëģƺֲ̫ס

ܶˣͺҵزһᣬȴһ߰ɣϲ㣬ֻһ𡣡
ӵֱѿһӣƺϡϢѡ
Ҳе˵仰˲䲻ˣίҲˣģУˣֻʣԼĻȻ޴룬еȴ

ɩɩ侲ЩҲܴߡ͵ǰû˵ɡ
˵꣬Խ󲽼ԼĲ
һ̣֪Լˡ
ԹñˣҲûԼʾðû˵ϲԼĻֻһ顣
ϲ㡱ĲǡҲһǡҲܡ

̫˽ˡԬ֪ʱǰ֮ңĵط߽
̧۾֪ԼĻӵľܾȥˣ˶ͷҲͲʲô
ûжŮ鳤ֻ°աԬ֪ԼϲԼıܣӿȥǺƽƺ⡣

һ±ӣͷ𴦣ȻǱġ
ԬȻҹĻƺ˲併ٵģΧúܺڡ
ȥɡ˵ӣЦһµûҲظ漣
ԬǷǳƽˣ

ʲôƽˣͣת
ҸӣȻǱˣΪʲôúһͦ
Ц׷󰡣ҲŲ㡣
ô˵ûӣ治֪ԼҪȥδӡ
үٴ͸һĶ˰ɡ

236
Ԭֻ׾ظ˵˹ĵ˵ֺЦȻ͸˵Ķַȷʵû˵Լ͸ģֻ˵š

Ҳϲģȥɡһ߸ġ˳ëһȴ˵žܾĻ
Ԭ˵ֻ͵ذҪš
ȥģʣ֪ҪôֻС
ͻҡú˵

⻰ʱˣĿǮģԼҲϲα֮ǰǱ˭˭˭أֲh
ȵȣ׷ţԬûֻģȻͻȥֿϧģҾŰɣøȡ֡ҿһСԬһСˡ
Ԭһˣ۾ҲЩȴû˵ʲô
Ե⣬һ¶ᵹҵĳֵֿĸо

˵ǻؼңһֱƽԹ鷿ҳûпκ쳣

ҵıɶӣҶĺһƿ鷿ǣһЦӰʰˡ
ллºһЦ
߽ϸ˯·оȥǱ߶ˣͿҸӹȥ
֪ˣӹ˳ɣ˵ȻطϢɣٿҳȥ˯
úã

ߺӾīдţдһֵʱȴͻȻԥˣһѽģӵԡ
֮ʡ

ڶ죬ͳ·ˣߺ󲻶ʱһӵľ磬˵жҪԽ辸ˡ

˵ʲôʱβֱɽׯƹ
ǾͲøˣǡתҪߡ
øƹסɻѣû˾Ͳˣ
ҼСүߵʱԸô˺޹
˵СүǱıˣҪȥְ
ˡ

ʱԶԶˣƹ񿴵Ī˷ܣˣˣٺ١

237
˽һţҲ˵ˡ
ˣûǼʱƹǰСүġ˵
Ҳ֣Ȳ̫࣬ҪĺԺŷ⡣

֦֮֮֮Ͼôһ仰ûģ벹һ䣺֮Ӧýߡ
ǣõΪʲôдôһ仰Լ

ͻȻССɿ죬̫߸߹أûƵڵЩ谵

ۣ
ӴҪ̫갡ⶨкþ󡣡
˵ڻȥ𣿡
˭ȥ˾ռˣҲ
ǣ塣

ӺԺﻹǸ֦⣬֪𰸣֪ѵ֪ʵģӦø

ƹСүӦõˣʡ
ʱ͵ţᶥҲ͵˶š
δ䣬˳ȥ
ɩɩȥģɣôһԼܹΪ⡣塭
ᣬļֱŵķ

쿪ʼˣ겻£˿˿ߣһ㸲Ǿǣбܣһ·Ŀ⣬ֻ

Сү̫ˣ߰Զĵطӵï˵˵ǺͷҪҪȥڵλ죬Ӧں档
ɡ˼ЦŴ
ï˰ͣ

ӲߣƫǶǳţֻسǵûˣ΢
һͣܿˡï̶̾ⲻڴˣ͹ʣСүĪ˼
պڳΪ٣ܻصˣ˷Ҳܼ徲ȴвꡣ
ï죬Сүδıɴˣʲôʱôˣ

·ɡ˵žҪص
СүïһۿߵʱĿȴŴһϮɫӰ壬ǲǣǲǾ𣿡

238
ܵˮմʪճģͷҲңøȹһеţֱӰȻ֮ͦ䣬ŷŲͣ¡

ϸС꣬Ļޣһľǿÿв
ӭ߹ȥһֱߵıԵ

ùǰľҲΪ𾪣˿̲ͣҲʪһ߽һ߸֦֮ӦýߣߵĻֻõһ
Ȼߵǰȴ

ֻ仰ԶѹҪҪߣָҲҴߣ
Ŀԣвԥ
ͣˣ֮Ȼʧ콥ĲʺԽ
Ӧߣ⽫ʷıס

ɩɩȫʪˡֻһȴͻȻ˵ɣɩɩؼҡ
׺䶥ͬʱͷԼԶԶĵطɣһɡ㶶
ͷתʱͲԸ̧ͷˣΪ̣Ȼˣдʲô֦᣿

úñءͷ˵꣬ƶתسǣҲû˼ɣ
Ӹǰ¸һǸʱ뿪˱磬Ҿʹߡ
ССľ㵣ȴ˲
˵ɡ»ߡ

ԭأͷһΪŮŲݡ

ɣ߾Ӧǰɡʹ˵ʲôɩɩ
ûꡣ뿪ɡ
ɣ󾽣ҲͰɡӵϣԶҲûȥܣֱߡ

ߣ챻Ҵ˰ɣɣ˫ֽǰһȥһһһʮһϸڶȫҴ磬㡣
áͣȻ̧ͷȻԼ޹ϿܲÿŲ𴦣˵ɿͼӴ׶ིģɱ˷Ż͵޶С

㡭ɣҪܿ¶һΪ˻кӹѹͿûˣһĶȥˣ˺͵۸ϡ
òġô˵ȴҲ֪ԣҪôӴԼء
úһ㣬п±⡣





ʮһ

239
ˣɣɽׯ磬ֻԬڼҡ

ҴȥˣϷڰٲȻСװ⼸Ѿͷͬ¹԰ӣɣ˳ʡ
ɣǸǮׯƹǾһӣô֪ϷⲻԹ
ʲôʱܻɣ˿ϷϵĽǡ
ɣϷ˲شֻ߽һĳ˵ǿɻˣǮׯ⣬Ҳùһˣ㲻һ쵽ֺУС¶ȥ

ɣ߹ȥסҴþˣģݣҪʱ֣ҲΪṩǣ
׳԰סͲöԲ౼Ϸ˲޳硣
ҲžڼҿסŮ˰
ţʲô˼һ仰˵Ϸ˴Ϊ⡣
ûʲôˡɣЦһ¾Զ

Ϸֻҡͷڶ԰̾ϲֵûʲôңҲƽϣһ¡
Ϸ˵ǡ
㻹Ϸˣ
ǣˡȻ
Ϸ˱˵Ц˵ڼǲסûʲôɻ֮󣬴Һϱ裬ɲҪȻֻ¶Сһҽ̣Ǻǡ
ڨЦȴһûкӣϷ˾ӦɣȢԼɡ

ԬͷЩƹĳԹҪæҲæòˣʸܼңǻԵģ
ûл
ûһøܼ£˼

磬ˡɣСŽݣһмҪ
ʲô£ԬټԼҵܵ⸱ӡ
h¡ɣһŶ˵磬㣬ﵽôģҪҪɩɩҪĻͿ㣬ҪĻһٸȰ
ôˣԬ֣ͻȻ
ȻشңҪǲҪ
Ԭòϸǣ¶ҪģҲı뷨

240
ڵҲûʲôãˣΪ񡣡֮ԬĴ𸴣ҲԷθĻ
Ҫˣɣȷʡ
ԬԽòԾüЩʲôôˣ
ɣ룬ڿĴҡһԴϿҵû¡
ҳȥ档ͦվҪߡ

ɣԬס˵ߡ
֮ɣڻͷڳĵҪס´绹Ҫѵ񡣡
˵ЦЦˡ
ԬΪ֮֮ȥһ⡣

ʱԺϱĿˡ
𣿡䲻ȣȴ˲ˮ
Ԭ˵ʵӽݿʼ۲
ûԼӵ£ǲɣûüأ
ʲôÿģ⣬ңʣ۾Ժֲһ䣺ûгƻҪ
㡣Ԭǰһ
û뵽˵ôĻ

ԺԷԬƲ⣬ƳεҪؼҳԣϲ֡ɣĻ£ҲҪģ⣬ƹžС
ɣɻ飬ֲûзģŵúúõ𣿡ңĺͲģˡڻزؼҳԷҲû˵ʲô
Ҫ˵ʲôýʲôýʲôԬ־Ͳ

һ£ûȥֻʣҵ𣿰նԼҲҪҵġ
ֻҪϣھͿԽǸ𰸡Ԭؿ
ôţЩҧҵ𰸣ӦôģҪ˵˵ˣΣ֮ڶԼԼ֮ûʲô롣
㽲

241
㼸򵥵⡣Ԭڲ裬ʲôʱգ
һȻǲµˡ
̫ʲô֣ԬҲûܴ׳һŹɣΪʲôС
ͻȻˣֻǿҾٶhӦ֪£㶼𲻳ɡ

أ֪ǰ֪࣬ˣʲôûŵģ
㲻hûҵҪķӦԬЩЩ
˭Ц
»ҰԬ˵⻰ʱվҲء

»Ұ⼸֣̲סЦΪжı£ԭԼǹ긽˰˵ôһûдѽ

˵ǲǣԬøһգ۹ˡ
ǰ˵ˡֵҲվұһˣȴ֪ؽhڣӴ˱˵hҵ˼Ҳ˵ռhǵ桭ô򵥡

ԬȻ˶׼һǰŮ׿ڸԼЩõ£ЩԽܡ
㣬˶٣˭ںδ
ҽСҪ˵ԼʱȻ֪λӣס˿ڣʲôҪΪҲˣҼһʱգû˵Ҵû˵һҵ֪Ҳ֪ѣҲ֪Уǵһж֪
Ѳǹ긽ôˣԬеҡ

Ҳû˵ʵҪʱú룬Ȼܡֻðҵһ˿Ͷˣֻ֪Ҳhһŵ˾ͺãҲʲôħ֣ͨͨһŮˣȫ޺ġ
ԸͨԼϳȥʹ󼪴ˡ
㣬Ƿ뿪h壿
ܡҪܵĻԼÿ¡
㣬ʵҲͨˣ԰ɣ
صͷ

242
ԬͻȻóһڶͷԡ
һۣ鴤Ϊ֤ͽӹˣ㿴û°ɣҲǹ
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·䣬һ˼ȳȥˣʲôģҲң˵Ҷ˵ˡ㲻Ҳһ

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˵£Īɣһ滹ڵ⣺벻ôһ˹ǰɣ֪Է˵˼벻ͬһ˵ģȻҪһԷһ죬һ˯£ʵ̫ˣֱԽܰ;ԾԽܲˡ
ܿ죬˵ĵͲˣԬ˵ɣ˵ɣ˵Ҫ֪ǻˣ

뼰ˣæ˻ȥ
ʱԬȻڤ˼֣ٴϡ

кģֱӵ˵Ҫ¸߱ˣκγ֮ıˣӺɣµ򡭡ɡ
˵ȥ˿϶ҵ֣Ҫһ죬Ҿ֮ˡ֪ûǸĳ

㣿ͻȻڸʲô
ͷһֻԼĻˣԬҲվһ
ҡҸҷˡȻЩţܿ죬װ߹ģͳſˣЦеׯˡ

ʱ뵽ԼղŽʱûɴ˿ɼԼ˵Щ㰲ӭǰʣʲô°пɲܡ
Ҳûʲô£ߡΪԼġ֮֡͡ءе֣̿ЦԵЩȻׯͷ˵Ͳˡ
ҪߣæסЦ˵Ȼ˾ɣҴȥ塣
˵ģȴȻӦˣ˼ǡ֮֡͡ءô¡
ȷû٣˵ԼׯЦ֮






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243
죬Ԭһֱڳɵã״̬·ʱ룬Էʱ룬˯ʱ룬˸˵Ҳߡҵ˾ͲҴˣֻ˵ãͻãҲ˴һޣɣɻ֮ǰû׼ˡ

Ҵ⼸Щɣǵģֱǲʲô
ûʲôΪ⣬Щˣٲͻû¡

үܼͻȻھʹ˸кȴ˵ˡ
ʲô°ɣʡ
ܼ֧֧ᣬڳ˵˼ɣǻˣæߵһȥ
ܼңʲôܵҵ˵ͼ˼
⡭˵ˣ˻᲻ˡܼΪѵ
˵ʲô£Ҷܵס

ܼǷй˼ɣŵӵޣǶˣϻ
˵ӿڴóɫһԵɣֵҪôׯֻׯ⼸أ跹˼Ϊ֪Ҫ޵¡
ԼˣСĿ仯ŭ

ɵùɣϵ͹۵Ҳɻӣ϶ȥ˵ģһ
ԭҪ޸ǹչһˣصذɡ
ȵȡҪȥ鷿ԬɣȴסҪˣҲȥôܴ̼ǸŮˣ֪ںô

ǼŮСһЦЦǹģֲôˣ˵ǹơ
˭ҪˡɣҪûȥȴһ£Ȼ
ɽׯׯ̼ܲסʲô£һ͵԰Ҫȥȥˡ
ҳɻ飬ȥɣ
ţҪȥˣͱ硣Ц

244
ԬԼʡ˴̽ؿûġ
ˣ
óһ̣ȴ˵ǷŲµġ
㲻ҪȻϡ

ԬŽӹȴûпԾͰһˡ
㻹һʱֹѡ
ΪʲôҪֹᣬӵϣʹ޵Ŀǰʵĸܡ
΢üͷû˵ʲôתҪ뿪뻹ǻͷһ꣬ɾˣԼá
ԣԬʹ󲽳ţ̾Ϣףһ飬Ƭ֮ոȥң¥

һԬԼǰЩֳֵЦݣȴ֮ǰڲصúúõģá⡱ȡ
Ҫ衣

鷳Ԭȴ˵Ҵߡ
һ£ܿӯӯЦ
ҲֻǿǿѹסеĲ̵ǱϲƣҿºȲˣΪףǵġףͷϡǡ
ֻؿƣû뵽˵Щġ
к񣬡ԬתȻú˵һ͵ϣı⡣

ľû˵ϰ仰Ԭûᣬ̫ˣҲ벻ľİȻףԼĻƴȰ衣
һΣƷӣŮİٰͻ̿֡
߳ң¥ԬѲ֪ԼǴȥģһƬհףֻ֪ԼԶʧȥҲûеõı

ûң¥ԶԶر㿴ҵĽŲ֪ûеõôûǰţֻԼ߾ʱⶼûɨһ£ȫˣˣôһ㲻ˬһ㵣ġ
ϣһֱһҾƵſڲͣΪԬͣˣ˾Ϣ˺ȾƣҲȾơ

245
ȥڽһλ£̲ˡ
ȥ棬Ҳ޲֮ɫ˵֣ȥ
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С¾ƲˡҲġ˭뵽Լ⻰һǸеľվֱˣǳ˲Ӭһʱ˵
СҪˣҲҪˡæȥʧķϾͲȥƽƢ

Ҳãѳٽ㹻ľƿ԰㽽͸֮ӷҵָ׸ǣȫˣĸ飬ҸhǣһУͿԸһԼĺȥδˣ˵ԼͬʱҲָԼ

õȾ֮󣬡ԬͻȻתѾ
𣿡ò̤ʵôˣ
ҶˡԬɫȻ
ЩûͷûԣĻشʱֻǼµ̬ȣ׼ôң𣿡
Ԭûлش
ްɡһʱĶᵽɤ۵ĸ߶ȡ
Ȼռӵ壬ȻҪӵΡ

ʲôšü
˵𣿡ƽȴǶħס
ȻˣҲʶڴϣæȴ̲סߣֿڣԲаɣҶôһ㻹Ҹţһ˵һԷͲñŤ𣿸˵˯㵽û
Ժ󣬡ת˵ֻӡ

ҡǰ棬侲ӵңҲϲ㣬رѾ֪ˣҸû취һ
˵Ҳϲ㡱֣ԬȽܲˣǳ鴤һ£Ͷݺݸ뿪ӵ塣
ֱ˵Ļһ˾֪һһӡеðٰǣʲô˰ֱˡ
Уҵŵıʣ˵ǸԼӮˣһжҵġ
˵꣬ƿߡ

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246
һ·ʲô˳ۣ֪̤˶ٻݲݣŻصɽׯˣҪ뿪⣬һ¾ûҪ뿪ȥӣֻһǧȥòزԼɣԼƾhɫԵҲһµĹˡ
£ֻ뿪͹ˣԬʲȣҲؿߺϷ˻ôһô룬Ҫǵģӵ⡣
һ̣֪ԼжǸ͵ԼǮƵС͵

һЩӰɣ
Ҫӣ
ܽ٣ھҪõġ
ĵɻʮͬķʽֱ½˶ʮһܣǰɣס·ܼңְϵȫȡˣҪһ鿴е壬˼ҹ᲻õĲ顣

ÿɣţ˵һЩл⡣
ܲܽһЩǮ
ҪǮʲôɣķӦ˲ɣûоη鷳
ʣҾˡ
㲻˵ʲôãҾͲ衣顪Ҳûʲôֿԡ
֪ǿ⣬ı˸ɣʱͰһشϲҪȽ϶ӲŰõʲôϲͲ˰ɣ

ˡɣ˵Щԡ
û룬͸˵ǿȥǮɡ
˵ʲôϲɣ¶һ֮ɫ
ô˵ԼͷҪð̣Ǽ֣ǲУ㾪ϲҲҪһϲ
軨׷Ҳ׼ɣӷǽ軨͸ģ
ðɣͳڽǮ;Ǹɻľϲ򣬲ŤתĿԡ

ϲǺܾϲģչƣ֤첻ϲڳıҲϲ
ɣΪ
㲻ûǮҰɣûŮôСˣȻ뵽ԭʱԼҲͦյġ
ҡеǮǲ㡣ɣ⵽ӣ˱仯
ûǮ˵϶ˣ˷ʱ䣬׷ҿࡣ
˭˵ûǮҪߣɣͼˣסеǮ

ǣ쵽ңġչ￴߰˸жʮԪЩ䡣





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Ȼɣһ⣬ֵɵϴΪ˾ɩɩûˣҺüĻ
۷Ź⣬˺⣬ɣһЩȥٻô
ңɣǲĻ䡣
䲻

䲻ʹӦһ¡ɣ¶һ֮ɫ
Уʲô£ԥ
׼ٹұ硣
⻰˲ǴӦˣ漴һ鲼ҪĿãֿ˻һи㶨ҪŵʱɣͻȻס

һһ״Źֵ̯ϣݸʮ꣬һεĵʿؽҵģʱҲҲڶһģһģҲȥ俴ɡ
һкݰҿ䡣
̹ȻӹһС˼ӣſֵ뿪

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Ҳû˲˯Ԭ߽п½
վߵһߣ޲ѣҪ˯
Ͳܰ˵ҪҹܣհҲаңŮװŶܲ˷֣ǣİ춼Ƚ֣ȵᷢʲô鷳˭ҲϲοɣǮǮء

ʲôԼ˵ûʲôӦԬú֡
ûʲôЦһ˵˯ɣ˯
תҪȥԼֱԬסһվȾͽصˣվȻܴ

ǿŭĿԣҲּȴ˲䱻ѹˡ
ӡָǯס˫֣Եޡ
Ƕޣֻ֪۸ҡ۾ȣͺţûһԸġ֪ҲҪңù𣿡
Ԭ𽥷ԥ

248
ϲƽ˵֪㲻ֻˣҲͷҰɣռh壬ҲҪİ֪ЩһԸԼˡ
ôҸ㣬Ԭڿʼ£ֻҪ֪ԼҵӣǾˣһ͹ˡ
㻹ǲϷңҲ
Ҳǿʣ˵ʲôʱϽȶʵˣٹ̫ʱ㿼ǣҪӣҲһˡ

Ц̵Ů˵ʲôӵĹߣԷôŮˣ㰮
㡭ԬԼ˺ܴòô˵úܲҪŭƽŵһڸҲ벻ҡ
˵Դɣ˼˵ֻǻײļ
ҳûҪࡣ·׼ȥ͸ˣ֮໹ôظ

ԬһߣȴͻȻͷûҪҲӡ
ˣ⵽黰

ҹ˾ʱ֪ҹѾҲȥ˯˾ó׼Ÿ߳ƽѾߵס˿ŵű㿴࣬ҵǣҲԼ

ˣ߽ͺܲ죬ˣǡ
˸ƣԼķ䣬˵Ҫ뿪
ˣ⡭ྪš
࣬һ˿ҪҪһߣ
ߣȥģ
Ҳ֪ʼ߿࣬ׯһֱϲҪˣҵƷҲʰԲһﱧһ˵ңҲͨˣ뿪ȻһԼ˼ˡ

ˣ˵ģˣСү̽ʡ
һǴóֽ۵ģ˿̲Ѱ׵ʱ˵ܣׯˡҾ˺Ȼ㿴ˣͲ㡭ҪҪһߣ
ţȫңԶ·;Ҹ飬໥ӦӦҲð
ΪʲôҪţǰ㣿
Ҳõһ󣬺ܿףʣ㲻Ը԰ɣ

249

ҪǲԸˣЦһ£󣬡װûҺ𣿡
ˣ༱еԸһߣղֻ֣ѾߣøǣҲô

˵ϾһֱεҸУֶ˵ңͻطʰʰ
ˣٻȥֻ¾ǡߵҳһh·ϡ
Ƿ˵·æ˵ڻǱ˵ˡ
Ҳķٰɣķʽ·ò˵ͻȻ뷨ֱЩȱ£ҪǱ˷֣ȥ׷š

һ׼׵˾ĳˣųȥȴһɫӰϼ㡣
˭ǣȳ⡣ҿˡ
ҡ˻߳Щִ١
ò̫Щ²͵Ҹ˵ˣ𣿡
æҡͷ˵Ҳǹģǳéޣݣšˡ
ͻȻ֣ؽһ߽ˣ߰ɣһܡ
죬û뵽⣬漴Цˣǰһ¸м˵лл㡣
ˣô˵ǰܸչ
㣬æ˵һչ˺÷˵ģİɡ
ˡٵ顣

ĿʧҹɫŰĻطŰҹɽѣ̲סЦˡ

ɽׯһͬʱɫŤԼĶӣƺܲܵӡ
ôˣθʹ
ˣҡұҪé޵ġ಻˼
ҲʣĻСģ
ˣʲôģСģ
˵ʺ򡣡
ʺྪﲻѣˣܼƽ˵

Ŷͷ㼱

ȥǱ߰ɣҰšָָ·ԵĹľԣԹģ˵Ҳ̣١
һ̰ɡǿ׳򾲣ȴǺ޲ܣΪעʣˣȥʲô
Щ

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ˣָ࿪Ц

˭棿ͻȻϰ̵
ҡæ˵
ʦʲôʱģϰ̷ŵ;衣
õ㶫ߣȥЪϢɡ
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ظҹͽǺˣ治˼ǵôá
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ˣýֻȥ˵
ǺôҲͨ𣿡Ҫǲóȥ鷳ˡ
ҡͷʾ

һ·βϰ̷ף˭Ƿ˭Ѿͷ
ˡһɫܲÿ
󾪡
ˣҪȥĶ׺Ӻˡ˵ǱӣԭǼٵģ
ϰ̣Թ˵Է˵ƽ㲻
ҷԶȣϰͻЩֲҡ

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ׯǴϵĳǰ£ϰ̲šʲôҪԡ
ǸܡŲæأĵ˵ϰ̣Ȼȥɣ챣֤ӡ
ģ
ţ֤Цӯӯ
˲Ҫ򣬸Ҫ飬ֻҪϷʮּɡ
ϰˣԸҪһֻ֮ǱԾܾˡ






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251
СڳжǴ˶ſڡسǹȻҪѰʵ׵ģ˵رʱڣûشˣκ˲óǡ
㿴ͷ쵽سǹǰǲǸ˺ܣڳǿм¡
ͦġϸ˿ȴ˵ô˵ıк˲𣿡
ӣ͵͵ȴܾˣתȦҡӵʱ˵ͻȻеϡ

ʶӣʱ뵽ӵ
СүӦ˵ǱıɴˣǴ˵ѣ
ûӾġ
ԭسǹܹӵĶݡʩԼ￴˵سǵĲ£ͷˡǰĴĵͬʱҲ˺ģֱӵĽ졣

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ˡ
㻹ҷˣ˵˾ǣҾͲʲôˡ
ǲǸýӣ
ţ֡ԶգȻһƬڰҲǡԼϣġ߰ɡ

ǣӡһ߸ϣһǵҪȥҪ°
ȻǣٿܲҵһɣСС¿СҲС
౻ЦҲЦˣûģãǰǸɽ룬֮Ҳ˿η塣

ʵϣǰȷǻ֮һٵͨڵԶҲͼЪϢͤǲЪֻ·
ҰǻĪһȻŵýʣӣʲô
Ҫ£ܻͳذףһס࣬׳ŵǰСʵҲµҪҹ·ɲóġ

ֱ˶۵ˣǷһͤ
࣬ҿһ𡣡ĸм磬ûԼмһˡ
ӣֻҪʲô඼Ը⡣
˵꣬˶Ц˯ˡ

252
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ԭҽôЩǮΪ·̲ɣ˵ʱ
ʮ
Ҳ˶ʮ
԰ˣϵȥˡ

ԬһⲽغϣվңһҪһ

ʱϢǣϰ֪󾪻ܵɽׯṩ鱨

š磬ɣ뾪æòȥ˰ɣϵ̲ɲ١
ʵϣԬһϰ˵ҹ˶ţ뵽һ㣬ܼңȥ
磬Ҫȥ׷
׷ҲҪһԬǾġ

ׯҸүĻ¡ˡ
ȻҪȵɩɩһ˵ɣû
ԬһۣɣǱúȰȰ˼ҲҪģһᾡϻУô˻ᣬǮׯҲòֹһܡ
ǱģǮׯ⡭ɣ¶һɫôƹģ
æ㶼磿Ԭ
֪ˡɣ緭δӦ
⵹˰һЩο˭ϣԼδеҵء

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ӣҪȥĻǰЩơ
ׯǿ϶ܲµһȥ˵һ׷ǰæˣ԰Զߣȫˡ
룬һǵʱׯ˲඼ظˡ
ԣ˵ǰ·
ӣ㣬ഩ··
һøȹӾ͹Цˣ˵ȵݳǣǾŪһ
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253
Ԭһ·˵·ҲûӰӣͿʼ룺ĪģҪȻôô죿
֪ԼҲпߵǰ棬Ǿֱȥãֻʮûһ·̵Ĺ㻪ǸһС

ô϶ɩɩȥң֪ȥ֮Щţôľѵ
㣬˭ԬＫ棬ĳִ⡣
ӰγĬ

ֻؼҡԬһߣͻأ˵
ˣиǸӣºĵ磬УֻֻΪֲϷŹɩɩʹ˷ָ֮£Ҳȥˣı仯ֲǿһĹµˣõõһĽ
㵱ΪֻԴ˱
ʲôһƽͣȻôΪֻ˵Լʵ뷨ˡ

ԬȴԥˣҲԼڶ̫
粻˵˵ɣҪҪ˵
ԬȻſڻת˻棺ôȥȥ
ӱܡ̾ϢһǾ˱磬ٵֻǱɩɩȥˣҲһ

⻰ʲô˼Ԭؿ
仨⣬ˮ顣Ӳֱش𣬵˼ˡ
ҪŮˣԬжʱһŻ۾ҲΣյгһķ졣ɩɩ
ҴδĸŮҹԣܶȥұɩɩкηοǱ粻ϲ·ܵÿɳܡ
һ仰˵ö̽ϣԬ鲻Խĳһ䡰˭˵Ҳϲñ˴˶Ŀ

Ԭεؼһ֣ȻԼϲǲĥʵ
ʵ˵ԼҲһ
磬ɩɩ֪ʵϲģҲͲߡ΢΢ЦԬ˵ϲһ̣ҲˣԼͲµλ˼
˾ҲȽȽĳ㺡

254
ǺǸʱѾһĳǳأס鸣ջ

ӣΪʲô·ˣѾߵװ磬ҿջͣΪ⡣
۰ǾЪϢɡʮ·ͣͣģǾѷֱԹh̫
ӣ ʱˣ֧¸Ѳ˸ϵֻǺ֣ں鸣ջס죬Ǹûڶ
ëˣǡˣ

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ӣôˣһԵ಻Ҳһ
ûôԼԴˣǸ뷨һÿţĻˣǸ岥ӰҪô죿
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뼰ˣͻؾ˵·Ҫȥ
ˣﲻһǡ
ͷеΣҲʲô󲡣ңȥȥͻءʵҵ·Ҫһȥ 
һȥ
ˣ
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ϲʷüͷһ壬ǺЦĪϷҽϷĿǰȷʵûаѵϲһŮӻУ·ܰѵϲ˺βЩʱٽд򿴿
Ҳ˵ҺпܣȷʵǻˣֻҪ֪
ǾҪϲˣǺǡ
ҿһ̥ҩ
ʷЦݽסλװķ»еºܲ⣬ò

ܿ죬һҩ߳õĴţȴʷķԸĻˣҩûȥһμ£˻һ̶ȵʹ࣬

21͸ͬӼ궼û⻳Ȼ·Ȼܲס뵽һںҩ֭Ȼž޴ʹٵһδʼѿ;ÿֻš

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255
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첻ѣ̶ҲǸˣʣôǻ𣿡
Ҫģ;ӵҸʵּе㼱¡˵
Ŷˣ
࣬ȥϵЦûֵֹͣˣɩأôˣǲǸһ
ǣӳġҲ

üͷûһ£˱ʾ⻹ʾĵ⣬˵ԬѲ

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ûаæҩ˲أЦ˵һ·ˣЩҩ
ԭˡΪ棬ʣɩӽȥģ
ȥ
ģϲ֪ܿԼ̫󣬾һЩȥðȥҸϳסұ֤֡

ôУô鶼Щڡ
ôУüʡ
ЦЦ˵һȥӣҡ
˵ôţͲٶԣ֮Цǲһ·ȥɣ
ðһ飬Ȼˡסں鸣ջߵʱң
ãһΪҲ񵽱һȥɣҰҩ
ԼãԼáæܾ֪ԼǶ̥ҩ

գһֱ鸣ջſڲۻԼסĵط˵˷ܡ

򷢳ѣǶиӣںҩĻ϶߲ˣ㲻ܸܲ·ƺҲû㹻Ұҩȥˣò׽˵ҵĳҩʱ˵һĥ˵Ļˣȥɡ
⡭ƣԼôˡ
ɣͷˡ͵˾ͲúҩϾоϻ˵úãҩֶ
෽

256
ڶ죬رˣͬһ

һ·˺̸ŮʿҲչˣ΢ֻǴҲؿʼ֪⣬˴βȥͶ

ͲӶ飿һҿջϢϣ˵ǣ־мӣǱֵܵĹϵֻ²㡣
һʱȻγģֻǲײǽͷˡ
ʵѾܾˣҡ˵Щˣ˶ٽŵܾΣҲһΡ

¹³ӣѲǵһĳֳ嶯ˣ˿˵۵Ļѹе㺡
ʵӣ»кܶ˲ܾ㣬壬עǰһ
ֻͻȻһʱˡ
ôֱȥҸΣһһһ㡣弱ðһŮӱﰮˡ

ִٶӣƽ¶һЦ˵ˣҲҪһˣǣҪһҰһӡ
ֽɿȴͻȻʣӾܾأ
ܾңʱڣҲκˣ㣬һӶܰɡ⻰˵жֻᡣ
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h˵ͬʱ
Ҳ֪Ƕ̥ҩôʹ࡭Ȼ˵
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271
˵Ǿ仰ͻȥˣԬŴӾ޴ľлعóȥǡ
⡭ԥϾԼĶ塣
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ҲĶպ˺Ƭ

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ˡԬҩӲϲ
תת飬¸ʹѪһĻ
Ķĺӵޣһ仰Ȼʡ
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272
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˻úܺ棬˵ˣӦùңȻԥˡ
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ᵽӣһʱȻܿƵЦһ˵Ҹ㿪Цģαô棿
ԬԱѡ
ߵһԣ΢΢̧ͷԶεԬ࣬Ȼ֪Щʲô

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㻹ʲôԬ򣬴нԶ˼
ʵϣ⼸ÿ춼ֻǱԬһһλˣǡ뿪

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ôڻ˵ֻͲˡҸκιϸÿ
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Ҫת׷ʱ۹ǽԫķһλˣĿǡ

СģٶܵӺ滤סֻı۰򡣡h
ˣԬ׷ȥ
תס壬һʱаζ࣬æ
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࣬ȥæԸͻŵܽȥˡ

273
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ôᡭѣΣȵĿ־˲ӿᣬ㲻һǸεġ
Ҫޡһںڵȴڴ˿̳ЦˣҲҪǸΡ为ծҲԲ£ĸˡ
סҡͷhѲΪ֮ʵһҲòһ

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Ϊ

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ԬԶʼһĻҲúܳأ߽һָļ䣬֪ôοֻгĬܸеڳ鴤۲ѡ

ͻȻ꣬Ƕͬ⡣
ȥɡԬʪͿʼȰֻԾɱһ򻹻ᷢһѹƵӿ
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״æؼɡһѸԬһԼš

ԽԽԬɡȫ棬Լͷ·ʪ͸ˣϽȥҲȰֻĬĬصȴ

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æ˵ȥҼ˰æն˺ӻȽȥɣܵ꣬Խӹǲá
ǰ˵öԡԬҲ͵ݣַԸ࣬Ƚȥ
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274
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ǸˣԬ˵ǳ
ǵС۾ڿջǸҲ϶ΪʲôҪɱң
֪ŻˡԬüҲ֪йʲôڣѾˣȰץ˵

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šԬеһůϮͷһ۷Ӧȥ

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ܹĵĲѯһɹûУǴǵʬʧú

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ȥ᲻ýǵȴҲ벻İ취ܲʬһҲǾڽһġ
ԬĬ
ˣ˼ȥ̾˵ģȻؾǡһҡ
ⲻ㡣ԬϤİο

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275
ˣ»ǰģһֱѶhʹĵףһ죬뾸ǣΪԼĻˣͲֹҪ׷ȥѰң޷ܵǣһһ飬ң֮תΪߣɱhһͷ֮ޣͬʱhһȥ˵ת⡣
һʼɱhĲ½ܹȥ⵽ܾȰ裬һʱĻҲͶǸͷʮΪߵĳǰͶаͷɴ

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ͷһᣬʱӯæĲܹ㣬ʵӦõġҸ磬Ҳǡ
ҲǺӵĸףܶˡ

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ô᣿Ԭ񶨣ȷʵҲ֪зʲôˡ

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ܿ죬ɣ͸ܼұһǰһӭ˳
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ô˵ôЩ࣬ԬĴ
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276
źúÿ㡣Ϸ˼ϸһðһ仰ˡԬ
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㰡˵˵Ϸ˺ǳ磬ݣһ·˵Ц

ˣ̲ס廰ʣ˵ˣ֪Ӹҵıȣ˭󣿡
Ԭﻹ֪°
ԬҡһͷʾʱҪ˵ࡣ
ЦŵȻĸˡ
ϱУڱӰϷ˸档

һ˳˸ʢԲɽׯһϲҲɣԸӭӴɩ˫ҵġ
ڿǵմ·;ľûǺȷ裬ǻطЪϢ

ӵ£ʱ˵ҲˡڴϣͶԬԹ˭㵱ǷôдŸ߼
ԬĬΣڻò˵ġ
ô죿

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˫ĿƽȣС
ڰһߡ
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Ԭƽе֮еʧ䣬չǿ˿ԣͷ뿪壬һɺ˵Ȱ͵۵ɥ°ɡ
ͻأҲΪһҪӣ뿴ҵΡ

ڻͬһŴϣΪҪ㣬Ҳϣõҵ𣿡ʡ
ϣҪҡ
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277
֮ͳ»գԬһٰǵɥֱΪ
æһлصɽׯʱ򣬷ּ˼˲˹ĵʿתƣϷ˺Ͱһ΢ЦŹ

磬ɣһԬͿʼԹ㿴Щʲô߰ˣѼġ
ɣҪ˵ϷһＸλˣɶǶģɩɩͰУصħϹ֣ȥȥа

֪ǰЦˣ˵ţһƬģҸţպһӡ
ϷüЦֲ֧֮üλˡʩ

λŹֵĸ̷ӵϣΧһҡСģһ߿ŷͣΧת
һʼֵֻ̬֮һЦó˭ûûˣԼҲúܲϲκƶָʱЩܲˣͼǵİΧȦȴӲ˻ȥ

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ǡ
ׯǰһȰο˵ûµģǸʩʱҲ
Ԭ˰Űɣֻɫŵ

һŹЩָֻͣŵĶе־壬ĳʱԼΧĿú䣬뵽˺ܾǰǸײķ顭ΪֺĸоǸʱĺ
壬뺰ʱȴԼȫΧûˡ

磬ɩɩķӦԾ
ԬȻǰЩˡֻһգһᣬ˲䵹ˣĻд򡣡
hôѽϷ˾޴롣
λ˱ħѾˡ
ȥħɣ𼸽žЩʦߡ

278
Ԭ΢ĺʿ˵ħѾߡۣһʱ׺䶥Ǹߵ꣬ʲô
Ҫɱǣܲ侲ŭڳΪˣʦŵǼæӴܡ

Ԭδϵʱˣݵʧȥ֪ϴһ
ԼóһֻۣҪеּȵĶδ֪Ŀ־壬ͻϮ˲ԡ

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ŵˣǼʦӣˡ˵
Ϸ˾㵲ѣȻ˱ʦŵˣʲô
ţЦһ´ǣܾˣȥϢϢɡ
ãҲúϢ⼸̫ˡϷ˵ŻԸһҲȥɣ߶ŵҵīh

ԬһɫʾҪߡ

ԬĿߴ˷ţĴǰȴɷ˵һѽ˻Ϊ㱻ˡ
ӵкµ⧲һȻ֮ЩСĵĸо
ϴһ˵Ǿú£Ȼе񺮣ʧȥֺ֪ܿѹ

˵ڹײķһΣԬɿ
ͷ
ôǰûhëԬֹ˼˺ð죬ڵҴȥɰɣ
šӦ

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ЩիԬ˻Ǻġ
Ҳ˰ɣЦ

ʱһ׺Ӻдˣ໹һ٪廼ߡ
ܴ򣿡һ۾ϳ٪廼ǲܲ
û뵽ɡܲЦ
ȻҶʶľǽˡ





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279
һ죬֪Ϻбɣܲ˴ΪģΪǸڡꡱĻ⣬ʦѦ˵һʤˣһ뷽跨ףԴԬ뿪ʯִ壬˰ӵҩģĴһЩˣ̽й⣬ȻСԼһ⡣

Ԭδʱˣھһ̹ĵ֮ڰʵ˵˳

ɺͲܲԵɴĿķ˭˶𾪰ɣ˰οǣûŵ˵ⲻܡ

漣ȸ̾ʱйȻֻСС磬δ֪ĳ޷ĵ򣬸ʾˣǸʲôģ
ƺЩƫˣǲ䷳µؽԼʷǧ꣬Լ21͡
һԵԬֻ϶һ㣺ڴӾǻʱһδ˵һЩǸŷġ

ǸôҲԽġɤӿҪðֹ̣ͣλ̽Ҳŷһ

ô˵ľڣΪʲôܲ˵˼
ĪʩעԵ֣ɲ²ڣ
ͲѪæ˵ʲôԭڵǣڼȿ־»ú䣬Ȼֱεֻܿѹᷢ£ǲҵض²ܸhںϣ

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ð죬÷ܾǡܲɵ
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Ԭλһͬի뿪ȥ·ϣԬʲô֣
ô棬̹ˣɴҲ֪ԼŮװ¡ԬǲȵģûɻԹ䣬ֻһʱû˵ȥ飬ֻġ

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Ԭȴһ
˷ùֵֹģæ˵㲻ҪĿڵģҲϰߡ
Ԭʣ󣿡
ʮ
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𣿡
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ûͲб𣿡٬üңƿЦ
ϲˣǺ֣ϾܻͣΪɷﲻ̹ġ

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ĻԬȴһܳһʱģʵѲˣŮˡ
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281
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㲻ùǮׯ뵢ʱ䡣
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ģϰһðǡ
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ϰ̾жˡ

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ӽţԬ׽һ㣬ǱиҲôеġ
ڸԼ̽ĻĲ찡һ㶼ϰ̵˻ʹñ

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ʦòڶɣϰһЦݣֵǶǿ֣ɾǵǮǮ
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ϰ̵ſˣĵĲó

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û˵꣬һ־˿ʼˣֻϰ̻ϣҵùžͽţʮسһһú

282
־֮ĳ˵ϰ̣Ҿǿһ㣬ģֵǸа˵Ĵûᣬβ룬һͳ£հҵٸﻹǿ֮أ
ǿ룬ŵֻ±סˣβţѧѧ⣬ȻȢһϱŮƽƽӣ

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ȥͽȥˡ㾶ֱһߵ
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˲֮ɫ߽

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ȻߵֶȥˣԬģֻûü

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仹ǰЦݣȴ˵ĽӲ





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283
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֪᲻Ԭɡ
ط֣ʹ顣

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ׯӦչһһġ
һ˵ߣԬ;Ϊˣ֪Լע˸飬壬ӲߵĻ˵ĲΣɾ˽⣬Ǹʵеһһƣߣֻ¡

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Ŷ͵زŰЩŮôˡ
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һ죬ʼ̽Ԭݣüͷ΢΢ţ˼ӡֱԴߣҲûиյ£ֻɶ˼š

284
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˵£˶Ĭˡ

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318
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319
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Ҳһ˵ӻʲô뷨ԼӰֳ֮Ľ죬ʵڲ֪Ҫôԡ

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˵ʲôôģԬ֪ʲôʱҲ˳
˵㰡ЦδȴͻȻԼֿҪŻĳ嶯æܵתҪҵط¡
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