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ߣִ

Ш

Ӱʯϡ
һøïĴдУǧԡ¶֮£׳顣
ƬƬҶӶ⣬ҫ۶Ŀɡ
ˮȴһһʹɳø׳ϲԼϵɳɳ֮ϲ˳ԼƬƬҶµϲӨ͸ˣϲߺµ΢磬ҲܻĺۼϢôҲҲܲԸԼϵÿƬҶȥӵǿſžӨ͸ΣԸÿ缡ȥǿ̹ΣԸԶĸ֮¶ȹԼе̡
ʱʱԼγɵ꾭һС
ֻһССӲӲӣӲǽذǿŷյģܾƶ١
ĳҸʹͷͣǧȴʹӲҲʹüҪس飬ʵĿˮˢϽ˳ƹѾȥ˯˺ܳһ
ʱ򣬷ԼµСˣܿأںͷϸУһһسˡ
˫ɶԵµĺˮϷ
أݵķ֦ͷת౵سŶ˵衭
µʯҲ΢ЦſһУһúͿ֡
ܾúܾãؼ䶼㡣һ磬һ꣬˳һƬ;
긴һ꣬ոһա
֪Ӻʱƽȴˣϸ¸ͣǧ֮á
Ĺۡ
ȻǾһСΪòԼİߣˣ˯ˣż̲סʵġ
һգòϢ룬֦ͷŰ赸һֱжҶվϵ֦Ѿٳɽ̿
ʯĳµӵհĶʵţǸмģͬʱҲһ㵭ĵǡ
һůůˮӿܲסͻȻļ
ˮҲˡ
ˮûĴѲȱ壬ٷѿ
ǣңԶԶļݣһƬƬããĺγɣ漴һƬ½ص
ƺһʣƺֱʹķйȻôϤȴô룬ƺͣϢ߻صţҲȻ
ȻؼܣϣʲôӣȻעһӿˣϣܰοϣԼܹΪЩʲôϣܳõߡϣԽԽǿңҲܳȵĻиͻϲԼ˺ģأ꿪ʼ븽ŵĵһ塣
ʯͷŴغһ䣺лл㣡һ뿪ôʱһʾԵ
Ĳдʶɻһ£ô᣿һһаѵֻʾһԼǰһ𡭡
漴֧顢Ҳ̶õգڵʯһ֮䣬ʯԼԵһ˼ѳۡһԵ
һƳ֮䣬ûüζಡһѶֻصĺڰ֮С

һ1

ѵĴغѿ˳ǧ죬ѵشϢšɤð̣Ȼ֪ҪԽԽհ̣Ǿܵ
ɳ졣
ʧȥɫʧȥ˹ʣ컨ɿݵɺ͹ͺͺ֦ڸɷؾͱ۶ϣҶҲڵɫݾڴϿҵ衢š
ҲܶطҲ˼
ԭĴϣƺҲһ˿ڡ
Ů޿Ƶؿż汲ĴҲرɳһˮҲûˣ͸Ǽؼ絽ˡ
ΪĸأΪƶҲûУûа취ϵĸĸһǨƵϷȥĸȥȴֻˡ
ÿ쿴ŻɳԷɿٶֵļأʵǲܵ顣
ɳɿƣĮռ˸ĸأԭɽˮŮ޵ļ԰ԶŮĿ֮
վһɳϣŮĿе͵ؿããĻĮһֱȰļ԰Ĳţʮ꣬԰ôرģ
һֻβܳСڿתһȦ䵽Ůϡ
㿴ʲô
ɳϼûʲôˣҲǰתֻ࣬˻ơ
أׯأһȫ𣿡ŮҲɬĵ
ϷĻʹҪˣҲᱻٻԻֻּ֪ͣǻһˡ
Ů̾Ϣ
ǵѾܼȥˣ˻ʽֹˣǻʹǵūȥˮˮǵݻԲ̫õˣ
Ůޱۣ˵һˣ
ǿеƤݸȴҲʹøѵ촽õһ󡭡
Ů̾Ϣ
ոһգŮ顣
Ůޣĳ̾˻ʽۼĿǰˮԴḻĵطˣҵˮԴҲۼڹˮԼٻӷǣҲѾֻˣ֮ĸһ

УŰ
Ů˵˵˵Ҳûˡ
ĺˮҲ½һˣ̲ϵЩˮʬһ·Ͽʬ廹Ҫ࣡С䡣

һգŮ޾ϲطɳĮɳһֲݸǺвˮ֡ڳһ֭Ͻ˲٣ȥȥʣûҵˮֵʳˣɱʲȥҲԽԽˣߴѾ׸
ǵķɹȥˣҲȥ˻ˡַһϢ
ȥ˻ʲôŮ޽ݸãŽ
ϣһ취ȹѹء
ǲҪǵôŮ;㱻ھɱΣ
ᡣһֱ𣬼ǻϣġ⻹޼µģСĶ˽Ķʲô취أֻñȥ
ŮǸζִ𱸵
⣬ܳеԼΣΪˮ֪˻ʻ᲻ĵ
˻ҲᡣŮ޳˼˵
Ůޣ̫ˡʹҲСǸҡźɫСԴĳ򣬳ϵһë
ѵû˻𣿡
ҿˣ˻Ķֹʵ¡λڼ䣬ˮⷽҲй͵ģֻΪֹȫѾǶɺһδܽһˮͣҲûа취ˡֻؿеˮþȻ̵ؽδ״
ġûзʲôΪʲôᵼĴ󺵣Ϊʲôᵼ
̰˽թĿǳ׷ԴСʹ󺵵£ҲȻ˻Ҳ⡢ֹѾãȫžķǴǵĴλǣ
ҪǸأ
ʱڼʹĵˣʱҲǻصޣûϣˣ
ģġֻʹ̰ΪʲôҪأŮʹĵ룬
֪Ůޣ̫飬̫ҲܼͣһҲԼϷˣ⻹ģ̫ĶթʵҲģܸͽġ
ҿġ㿴ǰɢǴȵĹâǰ˿أʱڸеΣһܶȻӵҲڵ⣬ҲˣǲǣҲһˣ˵ҿĶ𣿡
Ů̧ͷգ˵٣ǶԴػ˵ģǲǣ˵ҿĶ𣿡
Ҳ̧ͷգǰɫƶ䲼գʵǴδйľĴδע⵽Ů޵ױдȱĵġֻǣȻ־ѾܾˣΪʲôܱܲƣȻˮأ
ѵֻʧְˣһӾ
ŮҲϲؽȥǵķòã취ȥ񡣡
˵һ仰ȥ
Ů޽صȴŰĻ

һ2

ɳƺǵذ㣬ͷô׳ۣȴôţûʲôļ󣬶ЩΨһҲήѾû˳·ĩյ
΢΢һ㣬·㡱ĳĶͷȥķȥȻһڵ㣬ѸطæҲɿܹȥ
ˣô
˻ҲѴӷ˵ˡ
ô˵
˵ȥʹΪʲôռգ˵ʵҲᷳÿµĴأסԼߡ
ô˵
ȥΪꣿ˵ܱǸֻƶѣûˮ֣ܣֻһ쵽Ű£ȥڵһɢĹߡ
Ϣأ
ӴʱҲʹƽʱˮ֣Ϊʲôȴṩˮָأ˵ˮѲõˣǹԼһṩԭЩҿķˡ
ôԼ𣿡
˻˵ˮũȻЩԱְΪúҲϳЩԱˣǵ˾һǰһδнˮ֮ʱ·ˣ
ܲˮͼ°ɣ
˵ǰ˻ҲҼ֣Ϊͳ֮£ν̻޴󹦣Ҳ޴ôŭˣ˳ͷࣿ
˵ǡָôأ
˻Ϊ񲢲磬ûͳһжһЩܸͬģΪӦֻ⡣ˣԷϣܴŮõʾǸô졣
ֻôôŮСص
ֻ񲻾ְԼְأһŮӦҲǣΪʲôڶȡʩأҲ˳˼
ǣֻеȴôŮĵ̾
Ůޣȥɣ˲̫أĮΨһĲݣȻ
Ůæ׿ЩԼܽ⣬Ͻصݣȥտȥˡ
ոһգŮɳĮﵽֻΪһˮֻΪ˷˶֧šָʲݸԽԽˣÿζҵܶ࣬Ҳһڳܶ࣬ЩʲݸɳҲᱻɵģֻһȥһЩ˺Ͱķˡ
һգͰֳȥˣȻ˻ӣʹԼȥˣҪŮάԼֻҲ飬Լһʳˮ˷Ů޵ľˡ
ллһֱҡŮ޽ضһݸˮν
һڣҡСԴŮޣҲҪлл㣡
ҪǸ˸жãǡ
һһֻСһΪʱҾһᶮˡ
ô֪
һֻ˵˻ȻڲͬգգԲֺڵĴۡ
Ƕң֪٣
Ҳ֪ġֻ֪㽫һƽˣǲƽŮˣʯڲͬģҿ塣
ŶŮ޲Ще˼飬ţһ˵ʱһȻǾԵڻǲ̫ŵġ
ŮޣϱһˡˮһַɻͷŮ˵
ô᣿ڳҺͷˣ͵Ϸˮĵطȥˣô˴Ůɻ
Ů޴ŰϷ˼·ɳ󣬿ҲڼӳƽյʹҲֵ˷ɳϷԼɡ
أŮ޿ɳʲô˼
Ҳ֣æŮзٷɸЩеŮޣεˣ
Ů޼æȥһɳ£һ˵ɳϡ
Ůһӽӷһе˻ʣ
˻ʣŮ޿˰һۣæӻĲͳʲݸѹŸ֭ι
˻ôˣ
Ů޲ĻæΪ˳ι˵ˮΡüʣɫ𪣬ȴִЩ糾֮ɫƺһʱļʣϲһѱЯĲﻹмʮë⻹ֵֻ¹һĶˮûһˮˣĸʳȴ
Ů޿ƺƽЩǼëʰʲôë
ڵĴۿëӯӯᣬʵǷë
Ů޳Ծص˻ʾë
޺޵Ǹ¹ǵĽ״Ľǣ
Ů޺ܾӿˮӿһֱŵ˻ʾȻЭ̽ķĶӶᵽԼУңأȻΪӵǣ˸еЦǣҲûˮĶʲôأ˻Ϊʲô̰޴أ
̾ëǷĶǶر;֪˻ǲ֪ȻεŻ֪ǵôɣȻ֪Ϊʲô̰أ޴

һ3

˻ѹһеģ΢ڣʮֽ׳Ů˫Ŀгȴһ˿ڲزסĺɸֵ顣Ա߻һĸߴġͬڵӡ
Ǿң˻ʿڵ
˻ʣŮ΢΢ü
ǣ˻ʡ˻
ӦóΪˣ¶Ц
ûҪҽֱӽͺá˻ȥԼı
ʲôŮʡ
ҵķëأ˻ûĲңҲ΢΢ü
ˡߡһͷҪЩʲôΪЩλҲҪˣ
ʲô˻˫¶һ˿֮ɫ
ŮסҪȥ˻ʵ˫ȭ˻ʣôأ㲻Ϊ羡ҲˣôɱأһЯλӣʱ̫ʧôĲֻԼ˻ʣ
Ů޵Ҳһʼһ߼ǴˣһĴȺͰԸܲз˸оӲ֪Ů˺ܴˣǾ͸һȭͷǰ
˻Ů޵Ļæˣ
᣿ѵõǲǷëǣŭ
Ƿëǡǣɱ˷ԼҪ͸ҵġ˻泾ҵҲ¶һ׳֮⡣
ԼԼ㣿˺ܲš
˻˵Ůæסˡ
ѽΣȫĴѣô졣ǶѰҾ˲ҲԼĹ룬෸ĴԶԶǣˣΪ˻ʣȻóеΣҪȥȥΪȻǵͼûãҵȥΪѰϣ
Ҫȥ񣿡Ů޳Ծص
ǣҾȥΪݷ˵ڵ״޹أΨһĽ;ְͷΣ磬ҷԸҪȥһ˵
ǡŮ޲ɼоԼ˻ʣھˡ
˿Ů޲æȥ񣬸ëʲôϵΪʲô
˵ҪȥԸë͸ң˵һ·ϻ
𣿡
ǣ˻ʵĺ˫ɴ˸ǸǺԥѡǰС
Ů޼æǲù˻ʻ£
ﲻƺ˵ˣҽһûллǾһأмص
ﻹһ˿ɣŮȴȫĻˡæóЩ׼ʳõĲݸٴ˻Щˮʳ
ЩݸܸȤúǸζþûгԹ֭ʳˣ̾˼䡣
Ů޵ôˮ꣬һ·ָȥأ
Цһ£˿һˣҵˮôࡣһʼ֪ϧΪܿҵ񣬾ˡ
ҪôһЩ
ҲռҵĳӦ÷䵽ˮңҪ·Ҳôࡣ
ǣŲһ£ЩˮҲߵ֪ǰ·жԶŮ޸̾ص
ѽ֪·ж೤Ҳ֪ôЩеˮҲ̾Ϣ
Ů޺Ǿؿӣ΢΢һЦôĴأǿ׳Ҳأ
ҡͷǷһ˿ЦԼ뿪ʹǰ龰
ܼ񣬹ûκηӦֻһʹ׼꣬һիʷȥ¿еĵĶ£ּԼʧ֮£ҪԼ޵ܣôҲԸλ͵ģڼ䣬ҲϷȥָף꣬ûκλ
ʮؽһֱش٣ʮ죬δؼһƬ࣬ʧأһʱ䣬Ļ̡̻Ϊ˻ʣȴһĪչ
ֱˣ󣬵ԼҲҪһеԼΪ˻ʵְʱЩƽտڿЧڻʵ۵ĴǾһ
д󳼿ʼֹȥʵֵ£ߴߴȰҪȥðա
£ǼȻʧְ͸䣡αȥ
£ǼѹϣȻã̫ʦ˵ҲķŭҲˮ
ʹ˵ЧӦ˺֣ѵҲϣ𣿡
񡭡
˵ˣҲô򵥣ҪˣŮôӲܣȻҪ׳Լ֮ĵģ÷ŭռԼģæοԼҲοڳ
£ĸ䣬ҲһȢӣɵڣĻʺȴûѡ̫ʦߺߵصһϻ۵Ů
ʱ˵Щʲôû뵽̫ʦ֮⡣
£ôѵѡʺ𣿼ʹԶȥѰ񣬵һʺҲ԰ķģһܸᶨػοҲ԰ʱ£̫ʦ
˵ǲҪʺ̳ҵλӣǿѡһߺ¾ǡûҪΪҵĻʺҲزˣҲ뵢һŮӵһˣҲΪʵˡǲ˼ôʱﴦ£նȹѹأȻپʵ۵ѡȨʱ𣿡ÿЦΡ
ҪȥѰ񣬶ܸжһ£һԼëǣΪһ·е˵ǵô
һȥΪʲôҪǣԼأۿǽҪɱʹص
ԣֻ࣬ȥҲûãЩӦֻˣ֮飬ȴŮԼ죬Ƶ壬ԣֻ㣬ҵ񲢽Σϣ˵һϯ
ŷ˫ǰâں۾ΪжǿЩ̰Ŀ⣬ĸжּЩź޷˵ؾˡ
˷ԼǷʳˮȴûһҪԼʳˮһЩҲǻΪһӵȨ˵веԼΪһֵҵ°ɣ
ˣԼְˣĹȰļ԰̤ϿϣããѰˮ֮á
֪ǰ·Щʲôͷֻг֣ѣŷְͶİˡ󣬲ᵽǡѡֵľζ

һ4

Ů޵ڶҵΡһҲ˴棬ҲܰƸˡ
Ůԥǡȥ廹׳ôܰһ·ϵļĥѣοһ׵ĻУһʳôܵĿࣿôܼҵ񣿶һҵ𣿵ǴȺ͵Ը˵ЩֻǵϢգָ˾˵
Уҵÿ·ϵĸɺԽԽأٵȴˡѵȻ¡
ҲѰĹоѹ!Ǿ͡
ǲðϣϣԵȴҪԼ¡ᶨ˵
Ů¶ϧĿ⣬ؿ£ôϢһˣȥһЩĸʲݰɣԼɳĮҲҵΪʳЯЩ·ʳã
лˣص
ؿҽŮޣзˡŮ΢΢һЦˣչһ£ȥˡ
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Ů˵ʣҲеˣôĲݸ뵽ҲɿݵľҲܿϧԼڵʱôһҲû뵽ƽʱأЩǴ治סģһֻΪ˻ʵжֻ˵ȥЩݸװЩݸҲûеİ
Ȼڵǣ
Ů޾ϲؿ˰һۣݸҪǣһѲݸ˽ȥһѣȻûװ־ؿŰæּװЩݸһֱôһѵĲݸװ˽ȥӦöмʮˣ¶ǵȴôһѲݸǣƺҲûʲôôһˣʹݸָԭŮǸӦÿԣǾͼᶨظҪᶨԼģΪҵΪҵˮԴ
ȻҲǼغؽŮ޵ָͣ£Ҳ֪ȥѰЩʲݸˡ
Ů޵ЩװǵĸʲݸڲɳĮĵطٳԣطҲʳģɳĮߣͱ߱Լڰɡ
лл㣬Ůޣһġ
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Ůҡҡͷģ֪䲻ΪΪ֮Ѻѵãô㶼˲𣡡
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Ů޺ͷ˸ʱˬ峿߳Ů޺ͷ˵Сݣٴγˡ
˼Ů޺Ȼֽеȵȣ
Сݣ䵹ҳһɫС˺ܶʱ䣬ַ˺ܶɵһ멡
Ǽ£ݸҪôԶ·ҲûʲôϵҲƾɲˣǰϰɡǰɳĮȥǴ󺣣󺣹ȥϺشˣȻһģȴů͵ģܸ㵲Щ
ԥؿˣתȥ
İɣҲá
ŰɣԺ󻹻ٸġŮˣͻһȥڲݸȻǿɾûгԵˡ
˵ͷ
Ů޷ɿתͷܻСݡ
ĬĬһ·ǰߣ˰ǲ̫صҡ
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һ죬˺Ůޣ˱ԼĲң뵽Ůôĸʲݸĸжֻû
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ôҵְڣҪȥᶨص
Ů㲻Ůˣ
Ů޲Ǹչ˵ôܣֵص
Ů޴ã㾹ֻΪǸõģҲҲ
ʲôѽûӦʲôŷ˿յ
Ů޾ô
ˣŮӦչˣ÷˹ɵģѵҪ˵
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Ҳһ
зëǣ԰õŮ޸ң˵ëкܴôֻҪǡ
ëǷҪȥŸҵģҲԼҲչŮޣҪֻ˻϶Ҳܷǵģ
ǣȻǣչŮޣҲǱҪǿʹҲеȵˮʱôһŮ޸һҲһգ𣿡
СҸǿҿûôϤŮޣҲû׳壬ҵְҲģ㲻Ҫһ𡣡
ȥҴȥȻ
ҡҡͷӷ˱ϽӹңֻҪŮҸԸκ£ǲǣ
ǵģ
ôסȥӦ£Ҫ㣡ŷ˵˫ۣΪʲôʵأ֪Ů޵ģΪʲôƫƫҪӱܣ¶ӱܿԽģԣ
ͣ½ŲӰСʧããĮ֮УͷһԼŮ޳סСݷͷӿԵĿǵģĿʹ尾Ҳӱܵģԥ˻ȥ
ܼᶨؼǰУ̤űߵĴطɱգԷɳܽѥĻɳҲκĻĮ
ͣǰţһ·̣һ࣬ô¶ߡįɳĮʵڻôǣȴϣһ·
Ȼߣôǹǰɡ
˼죬Ȼƣʣ¼ţȴ·;жһԼͶöοĸоʱͣŮ޵ָʾȥڵĲݸ˳ʵŮޣҲͷޣѲճʱֻΪԼĶʱһƬޣƬĮССޣǰвһֱڹǰС
һ糿ⲢʮҫۣڲݸʱȴɳһɫĶһæѰһһʯͷͨ죬ĺɫǵ̣ɻģ
ʲôһʢõ壬õʯɣǼҲܹ衣ʣµɳĮش˰¾ߵ˾ͷ߱ѰҸʲݸһҵǸʲݸָ
ɳĮľͷǴ󺣣ѿݽߣɳ̲ҲʵҲɳĮ·̵ġ
ƺޱ޼ʣǣǺ̲ϸɿݵˮʬǽöġʹĶģⶼǸɵѽˮ̶ȸߣҲƮŸˮʬ壬֪ԼȻºҲ³
ǣûˮԡһҲǿϰˣʱҪԼմȾЩˮ»õԼ·ң᲻Ӱëǣ̫ߵᶨǲЩԥˡ
ûˮʬĴ󺣵ǰԵˮȴҲջºȥΣ΢ԼҲȷԸӿ캣ˮɡ
ˮҲлŵɣȥҲá
Ѿòѥӣ׼º

1

Ůڸ߸ߵıϣǳĿⶢ½ߵĲ״ǧ޼̣۰׹ǣǱеΪǰˣΪ֮ĸ֮ȴǲܿ½Щˣѣô֮أֻǣҸôأΪʲôᵽزأ
Ů׶ϸָߵյ뵽Щｹǲ
ôʱ䰲ƽΣʵڱӶй½ĺеˡ
ѾʱִˡҲΪǵĳͷŮ̷ϴС񡪡
ǳͷѵһ𣿡Ůﲻŭص
ǣӦæ
ҲңҲˣȻҲɱϾЩ඼͵ģҡŮܾԼĺӻôӣҲӦܵĳͷһ˳ųʵʩͽ䣬ʵڸ˿ģ
ټ񣡷ǲֵģǹŮԸС
ǣСǸæԸȥ
һ񶼴æμϣվԡ
Ҳûа취Ϊ½֮𣿡
ǣûа취Щǳȵְڣʵûˮ֮ܣҲˮ֮ߣæ
֮أˮҲˣŮСĵص
ʲôô˵
ٳȻΪŮϴ֮ˮеΪѣô˽ˮأŮȻûиоһ㡣
Ůĳü޺޵صô˵ʧְˣ
Ȳ֪
ôʲô֪Ůص
һصģסصĵطǡ
ѽ㵱ͷԸǣȥȻҴţǶиԵְ켣Ҳû취ȥﰡ
ֻзż·
ŮɨһȴӰз
ɿ
֪ô𣿡
Ҫ֪ô£βԼȥأСֻż·Ҳ֪񲻱ص漴ִҴҵ뿪ˡ
Ůü÷ȻＫΪʹ죬Ҳͷֻ͵񶼲֪ѵҲ֪ɣ
ڵġǲʲôɣżʲôطѾˡ
ʲôˣô֪Ϊʲôû˸ңŮڵشӱվ𣬴ŭ
ϽСȥ֪ͨӰ࣬ԼŮﱨϷһɽ֮أо޵ɣԳɣ
ɣ졯֣ô˵пȥ𣿲Ȼô˳ôΥҵôΥְԵأŮŭ
ʱȷֻǣô֪أľס֮ôأæο
ҲǡŮȥ
Сĵص֪ôŮҲƣ룬Ĺذ˵࣬ΪԼ֮ģǲΥģҲ˿С֮ģԣЩ꣬ԽԽȥշԼĵˡС룬ӦȥһˣϾλ񣬶ҲĻģСȻȥˣܶ޼µѽ
ѽ˵ⲻһ仰ܽ£ʲôˣ֮Ҳæ
ŮˣΣڻصͷ

2

Ҫȥ𣿡Ůﾻ֣״ص
ôˣ񾹻ûжȻûҲ֪Ϊһôǲأһȥһ˰ɣȥģŮ޿κε̾Ϣ
˼ȥȥҲǲУôԼȨأô֮ɽҲӦˮأԽԽˣȴֲԸҪԼԻȥһΪãܲĵȵ˱棬˵Լɡ
Ů̷ļʮС񣬳֮ضȥ
ӴæЦŵﻹ񵱳һأ
Ů֪ԼҲʲô֮⣬æϵʢŭ֮ɫС⣬ֻžȥˡ
һţ˿˿Ϯˣ˽ǡŮ΢֣ʲôʱһº紺ıĹ㺮أ
Ͻ첽ǰţȥͨӭŮ
˹ǰŮ΢ü΢΢Ϲһ񣬵ǲ˵
Ůʵ̲סҪ𣬵ǿһǶׯȺ͵󣬲ƻټǰ
֪˼䷢ʲô𣿡Ůﾡƽ͵ص
Ҳ֪˶޾ɵģһĺڵ۾Ҳ޹⣬ƺʲôûƵġ
֪ŮＸҪŭˡ
֪ûܾˣҲ˼䶼Ӱɡ񵭵ص
ûܾˣŮﾪصô᣿
Ҳ֪ͣһص
֪֪ҵ֮ɽûˮˣ﾿ЩʲôΪʲôûˣŮ
ûУѾɱˡΪȻص
ɱˣô᣿Ůһס壬ٶ˫˫ȻˮƺѸɺݾ
ŮﾪˣôҲ벻ǳģ
ֻ򶨵أأҲؿŮԼӣҲӦĳԾ
Ů룬ôأѵ˼˸ɺҪ˸ı磿һ໯ΪУ롪ţ򶨵Ŀ⣬ŭл־壬ȡҵλã
ǹҸḶ̌ȡλõɣʵⶼĵģһҲģֻûа취ƽ޲
ûа취ûа취ɻĮûа취Ҳ˻Įٹһӣ֮ҲһƬĮ͸ˣͳ磬ҿλ㲻Ҫİ취ŮڿƲסԼķŭˡ
һҲ롣ص
㲻룿ģѵħΪʲôŮ￴ô޾ɣ˵滰ǲ⣬˽ҲѡкѽģôܱЩǲֱ˵ġ
ûħУҲʲôħɡҲ֪ҴҲûôڣѾˡ͵͵صҲôᣬȴһҲйͱ˵ġ
Ůǲ⣬֪ʲôħ
ôҪ๩𣿡
ȥǧҴûڸӲ롣
ҪʲôΪʲô
֪
ôؿŴػߣִһûɳĮؿҲܼʣܵʲôʱ򣡡ŮҲúܿ£ôûˮأ
ǿƽʵ𣿡Ȼֻˮϡ
㣡Ůſڽ࣬ȴֲԸٱŭݺݵص˾һۣ˵ӻҪãʲôʱְָܻ𣿡
Ҳ֪
㲻֪ôʲô֪ôӵģŮЩʹļ׵ؿ޶Ե
Ҳѡš̾
ô˵ˣԸȥ
ҡҡͷҲ֪ǲˣֻҲᡣʱҲ뵽ʧְһ㣬أҲ֪ô¡
Ůû뵽Ľֻбؿ񣬱۾ֵôᷢأϲѽΪʲô·أʵ벻ͨô·̫λ֮ĸѿѽô֮
ǿ񣬵˵ôܾܳɹأ
ŮٿæȰСǻȥһ£ҲԼûа취ѽ
Ů̾һʵڲԸǰԼʧܡǣҲȷûа취ӦĿǰ״Ͼûȥһλʲôͷβֵȥ
Ů㻹ǾָΪãҪǲܣ֪ĺ
ŮȻºĴʾϾǺܾвƵƵͷɻԭӣɫƺһҲûΪŮĻ
̾ΪģҲֻøŮ뿪˱

3

նӣһסõѥӣΪѥӵ̾һҪʱһûɣ
һæվʱǰԶŰɫĭĺ̲һֻɫĴ쳤˲ӣش
һں˵
곤Ĳӵ˼£ҡ漴˼
ֻͷϵ֮ѿڶǹҲҵģ
˻ʣǴˣŴ죬͵ٴεͷƬ
ǣƬҲȥ𣿡
ǳȥ·ҲǼѣοΪˮҲΪѰˮһȻұҪͷһȥģ½ߵٶ̫ǾŻŰһѸã
˵ţ˾񣬵ɣұɣ
һ̤Ϲ޴ıǣһлл
ÿصӦģӦ·һ
濪ʼƽģЩ嵽̲ˮʬܶ࣬ܿǡ˴ŷֹԼıҪ
󺣵̶Ѿܸˣˮ嶼ڷɢĸˮʬȳŻµú£˵¾Ҫ߮ȥܴӺϸιȥѬҲѬˡ
Լıǿ׶ǡﴢĸʲݸʹһ㣬ǵζҲ嵭Щȳζ
̾һڼʹҲˮҲһϢپ𡣲һξȴٷܣҲȡǵĵλˡǣСȴΣܴ󡣡
˵ҲΪЩ󺵱Ƶ޴ӵˮе
ȡǣҲûа취£ҲǵˣˮԽԽСЩƯںʬǻԵԽԽܼʬͺӥҲٶǸȤˡ
һ治֪Ϊʲôᷢ£
಻û𣿡̧̧ͷĽزЩ赲סԼζʬ塣
ǣ࡭ȵĺˮζԼ۾ʬ壬ϢζʹеѣΣҲǰĽǴģʧְֻԼĴͷࣿ
̫̰ˣЪһֿʼ߶߶
ŹĻһʱԶԡ
ε룬ȻǰʳĴһְˡ
ˮȻҲǿʳǶԱΪޣ̰
̰ĵˣǸĹʲôأֻΪ񣬵ס𣿡
ÿʲôãʵòҪ
ΪʲôҪô̰ģ󣬼ʹʱǺͳΪһ壬ռжٵط
̰ıνǿɳܶЦΪ֮鳤
ȻóǸʲݸȴҲ벻Ůڲݸ̾ˣüͱ߶ˣѵ˵Ǿˮ𣿾ʹƬزٸɺܻصǰ
ǺǵЦһ󣬵ղŰ첻˵һΪһֱǴԼأ벻㻹סǰˣʹļ׶ûõģֻϣ
Ŷйغһ
Ťͷˣ
ûУص
ҲۣܱûðɣĲ״ЩźãҪģҪˣҲطգؾù¶ã
Ĺĳӣ˼
ͬҵˣ
ҲһˣͶ࣡
ѽˣͶ࣡ǣ֪ǹôйҪ̽Ѱ飬Ҳҵ֪һЩأ
ֱ֪֪߶ȥˣҪʣ
Ϲ֪ºܶ࣬ǲ֪Ҫ֪ЩѽҪ˵Ĺ࣬Ҫˡ
޿κεЦһҡҡͷϹ꣡
֪ʲô
ֻһס㡣ƲƲѵ촽
סҲûʲôֲȫ֪ȫܵʥܣ߲ѡ
ߣô˵ˣô֪Ϊʲô𣿡
㵹ֱ⣡Ҳ֪£֪
֪ǰˣ˵˵һɡ˽ˣȻԼҵʲôأ

ô㻹ǲ֪
֪ĵô֪֪ܲһ˵󻰣ܴ
Ȼһ磬һͷ¶һ롣
æֱĳȣѽ걳ǵùǽҪʹԼӴˮʱʱ͵ųȣ
Ů񣿡ûǴ򵥵Ϊá
Ů񡣡ܸɴش
ͷһƺ֪
ʲôΪܺÿҪȥúܺ棿ΪȻص
нˮְ֮ûҪÿÿɣʵϣԼǧҪҵÿЩһġ
ǲҪһҪ㣬ܳ󡣡
ܳΪʲô
úÿÿʲôԭǸ˹ǸһŤͷգŽĿ⣬
ûô֪ǳ룬ûҪ̸̫̬࣬Ⱥǲֲ绤һ䡣
ߣصغһ˻ʰ̫ѽΪҪ֪ǳô
ֹض鲻ʲô£ûʲôɣе㲻ˡ
һڽǰһĺһҧϣޡ˳ȥһ޵Ѿͷܳжò
ޣֵص
㲻֪ôˮİɣȻˣҲСࡣ
ҵȻ֪ҲСˡһˣô֪
΢ҲͣˣƺҲĬˣ˹ˮһӶûˡ
̾˵űʹ£Ҳȷġ
ʹ𣿡
Ҫʹ࣬ôܳΪ񣿡
˻
֪ôɣ
᣿Ȼ뵽仰ѵģ
ǰᣡʵӦָе꣡̾һ
סˣôˮһν꣬Ҳ
᲻ֹڵΪʲôһôᣬȴ֪
ֻΪԲôȡ֮֮᣿
ˣҲھѾᾡˣ
ᾡĵص
㵹ֻ࣬ᾡҲûпܣֻϧǸڻúõģûᾡ㵣ʲôܲмػͷǵ񣬵õĵЩ½ѽ
Ϊʲôֻᾡأ˼⡣
ˣ̾ϢŮѡ񣬲ƾĲܣȻҲҪպУȷӦȪݽߵġ

4

˺ܾãϸɾ˺ܶ࣬Űĭĺˮ߷ȥΪһͨ
ʲôȻһɾ޴ıͷǵôһʹֹ꣬أӦòΪְɣôôأ
ĲˮһΪȴŮеһƸеŮ񡪡ֻʸ񵣵ΣҲֻŻˮ񣡡
ˣϲǲˡ
һһҲǺԼҲҪġκҪһܳΪ񣡡
ôδΪ񣿡
ӦǡѾôշ磿ֻҪŮһҲýˣŮҲҲŬϣΪɣ
Ů
ǣŮ֮ĸ֮˼һжĶͣ˼˾ʣ羴
˵סӣŹԶ˵йı
߶˺ܶ¶ֿʼ֪Ǻ˵Ǳĸ޸ĸôƸеȻΪ˸еʹ౯Ƕ߹󣬶Ůͬ񣬻еֱӾŮŮȡ
̧ͷգ󺣵ľͷ˿˿Ƶİƣᷳ˵ġҲһܻܿһһĴɫںɫĲӷףҲԴظذ
ѵŮҲ֪𣿡
Ů˵֪Ȼǲ֪ĻɣеŮĻɡ
ŶﻹɣҲֻýɷ
޸ĸȻҲûֵá
ܹ¶̾
ѽˣҲΪĳһŮ͸һסһ
ԳǧꡭĹ¶ǺܿµѽȻǰɳĮһʱǸʱﻹװŮ޺ͷ˵飬зɳ飬иĸʲݸ飬ᵽ¶˵Ĺ¶Ǻܽʵһδйļ尾ֻôʮѡǼʮȴҲϰˡһʱ֮䣬Ź߶Ȼޱ
Ů޸ĸûֵáûѵҲ̫ˣ񲻸˰ɡ
Ӧô֮Ƕõ㣬˭ָ˵ʲô
ԥһŮǵĻɣʵڲͬҲ˱ŮİİԥһȻŮҲǹˣȻô
⻰һܴĻɣǻδγɣֵ񳤴ƺһʧʹ࣬һʲôҲֻ֪֪վǱˡ
еһ׵ĵʹȻǾĥΪ併֮Դ
ˣİ飬ʲôûеõôƸУȻᾭܲסɺˡǴϵļ˵ʧ併ˮɵġ
ŶƽȻеŭʹƺʹʹ࣡ô˵ҪɹĴҲˮô࡭
Ҳÿ˰ɣֽŵ
ô˵ôʹΪҪְأðһͷһǲŮﰲŵģȻôᰮˣôᾭôѣΪŮѡ
֮һտŮòС¶ûֵܡѰˣʵСµİֻǲΪ֪˵óˣܽ
ǰǲġ뵽ԼΪ˻ʣ˼˵ҲҪ÷磬ҪġףҲǸˣǣµĸӣ֮Ķթ⣬ȴĸΪ࣬һʱҲеնҶһ˻ʣСһᵽļµмңΪˣһ˼ˣоЩĪ٣ҲǻѽⶼģοǸһ£ְֻй࣬˼ҲǸ࣬ôİȻҲǸ࣬οضƸУǸŮˣ
УʹӦŮؿ˽иĸ˽ֵã˽ѰˣƫƫһҲһ˶һصĵطŮḷ́ܲȻӴ飬ʹ鰮ȥĥԿ
˼Щ˵
ǰζţҲ˵ˡ
ҡҡλεĹ걳ĺ棬įĴ󺣣Ҳκ˼ıûϣǰȻһֲظĸо
ϸϸ׷ѰԼĳ˼׷ף䵽ҪȥѰҵϡ̾ϢΪǸӲ棬ȴ֪ܲҵһе޵ı
ѽҲ롣ĵúˮĨһһ͸еԼۣһʲôճճһ㶫ϣʹϵļýģòܣ
ǣûˮϴУҲܻϴġжûо桢ûоˣҲˡ۵ôĺˮȴǲãʵڡ
ѽ˼ᣬô࣡жٵıأΪʲôˮڴ֮ϣ
񣬴ؽҪɺԣǲҲҪɺˣԲأ
ǰܵЩʹԲûˣԼȴҪǰȥҪᣬΪ併ˮôҪı࣬ҪµĻ䣬ⲻ˿ⲻԼúˮϴΪ֪ԣ£
ְְʹ࣬ҲӦʹİɣϵʹˣȻӦóܵʹ࣬עҪֹʹ಻ݣ
ˣһע˵ˣעңע¶ע⣬עע᲻ֹעעΪô࣬ȴⲻʹı˰
ìܣһռĵǶͬ飬һȻȻҪԼȫְ𡣵ߵһôͻǼȥѰ쾿ô˰ˣЩһѡġ

5

߶ĹϰǰУԵŹ¶ζ
󺣹ȥأǻĮȴʤƻĮ
ɳĮﻹзХɳ֭ĸʲݸŮ޵ɰͷ˵׳޺ɳĮõʯѵĴɣûгȴ£ֻиɬһ䡣
ûз磬Ҳûκζĵ棬ʲôûС
һƬ֮ƺֻһƶС㣬ԼС
ӰһǰһںֻӰӰ˵ֻ״ûи飬һΡٺбԼͷΣ촽ȴٷʵҲڿʵúܣɤð̣ʲݸŽţӰӵΪҲΨһİɡ
ǰ֪˶ԶȻԼƺֻص㴦ټǰߣƺ·һֱ򱱷ߵģΪʲôأ
ܵĸžʹüʣ֪ﻹʣٸʲݸˣȻڳһ֪֭һѾˡ
䵹ǺܺýģóŮ͸İϣ÷ůͣͷûɳĮʹϵʲôͬȻ̤ƬʱѾԵĵº͸ˡ
ҲɣϵĲҲ̫أȻˣʲݸڸ½ëڰֵǳǵĺ䡣ҪûŮ͵һ£·ëҲܴá֪Լһ·ܻ˺Ҳ̫࣬ɸм㡣
ֻǣĿռŵؼ䣬ƺ·ˣȥƺڰùǰ˰벽ֻԭشתѰⲻǹԼѵվɲѰΣԼѵǸõࣿ
һ³ȥôϺĵشȻ²һˮɼ䵽˺ֵز
ͷڣͷʹֹסһΪĸоģйûġ
ˢ˪ϴȥոҪ߷ġ
įļį¶ˣָôȹأһ࣬ǻôǧҪЩոһյ£ΪʲôأҵҾȥɣҪļį
ỽȻ鲻ԽһģǾԶȹļį֮࣬ԼվǸˣôܸȵ˼ȴ¶ģߵߵߵһߵһɣ
һжעģһж˾ԼֻǾΪ
ϵ£ƺһ˴ţڸ̵ᵽһ˵ļį뱯ˡȻϧܳ꣬Ϊˡ
ǰ·ãã޿֪һµڿտ˵ıϣľͷУįͣȴҧֲ

1

ʵû뵽ǣһããʱ򣬱ǵһˣһһᣬһӵϵķ˶俴زһЩĻᡣ
ģˡ
תźѾԼֵȴǿʲô
Цº͵ٻһģˡ
˭񿪿ڵ
˭㲻ǵ𣿡¶ʹɫ
ŤͷˣǸ𣿡
ġ
ҪУ񡣡Ӳͬ˫
ԥһ£Բù˭¿ʼҲѽ
Ů𣿡ͷбڱΡʱӦýбϡ
һ£ͷ
ɿݵ۾һĿĹâƽص㲻񣬸ôŮģ㾿˭Ϊʲô
㡪һæҲôѵԺôѵį𣿡
ûѣҲûУҲҪ߰ɡۡ
ۣþӣ룬˳ȥ
ָֻļžһƺԶܱκע΢񹬵
񣡡һӵٴڱ
û뵽Լıﾹһôˣˣĸоʵ˵ƽǶôĹ¶įˣֻҲ²͸ΪʲôԼصĴѾ˽֪ŮﲻԼˣ
˭
ССǾɺ⡣
΢΢ü߳ŮߵС񾻣ʲô
˹ŮɷҪ
񣿡˫΢΢һ£³֣ƽ۲δһŵΪʲôҪţ
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˵ſڣԷʹɫᣬ߽ڣıӰ˶ϧ֮ġ
ߵվסȥĳ˫һ£ȴȥ
عͷؿŷ񣬵Ƿ𣿡
ǣСĵؿڣѹǷˡ
ҡҡͷ
æֻװԼҡ
ôװԼ㶼ҵˣΪҴûйˡ
У٣й𣿡
Ƿ𣿡˺һ
ҶԲ㣬ԺҲҴҶҴҶȥˣһԶ㡣
㲻Ƿ񡣡
ôͷ֮𣿡
Ƿ񶨡ʹǷҲѹȥҾйģҺ⣿ҲûζеֻǰǸѵ˵ζ
㣬벻Ȼϳңɫһ䣬Щա
ΪɷӣҾֻǵ÷ˣͿȫϵζˣҿŵζſӵġңͣģҲܺ˵ô໰ģ㲻еģҲΪؼ䶼ˮϵɵζ
Ȼ֪ɣ
һӳȥϷװҲ漴Σ¶Ŀͷ˫ڣ޶аīɫۣҫĹ󡣳ϻһȫĻɫһɫ߼мȴ͸Ŀīɫȴ¶ݻɫڽɫҰױߵĳ㡣
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2

һٶʮεعǰߣµѥѾòٴˣºͷëܸ㣬˫ҲѵĴһ㣬ѵѪֹغѪûˡʹʹ֮࣬־ԼǡС
ֻǣǰߵƺѾþȴҲ֪ԼһͣؽҲģʹŷë¡
󼸸ʲݸĲݸһóߣͶӲˮɣֻ̫Ծ׽⼸Ҳ׽ӲĲݸʹúܡ
Ҳҵʹ˾ͷˣҾˣôҿ԰˯
ͷãޱ߼ʵĴأеǲҲԼһҲѵ˾ͷأ
һ߼ɡ
ѵذԼճڸϵѪĽţʹʹͷȴپÿˣƺǵѪ˫ѲԼϡ
۽ǲװʲݸˣΪʲôһƮƮȻĶĤ
صһƬƽƮԼǰȻ󻯳һһµŮӣ̬ΪӯһƬëһ
ЩԾȻԴӴ֮͹ǻ˵ԣȴδǻữΪһεĴڡ
񣿡˵ֻǺԪơ
ԣ񣡡Ů΢΢һЦ
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Цøģʱʱ򣬵һҪȥѰҵòأ
Щֵؿ񣬵һ˵òʲô˼أһտˮŮˣܳʲôӣҡҡͷȻǾ绪Ҳᱻµİ˺Ϳ˰ɣ
ҡͷʲôƲƲĲ԰׵촽㲻ţ
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ıܶࡣܳΪĺڸˣȫһΪÿÿģ
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ʲô
룬Ӧİɡ
ô֪ģһΪ˫أЩԾʶⲻԼʵģֻתȻѹַԸΪѹֹҲһ֮ѹŮҲҲĻ񶼲ɵΣ

ģ㵽ôһأűգ૵
ᣬƺܹγˮҲڵĶˮļʶĻþѡ
ãô
ǾؿһۣߡһһǲС㣡ϣܺúõĶĶʢʱȴȻܿġ
Ǻ֪ܿЩΪıҪôԼְ𣬶Ĳ״֪ôأѿڶ
üô˵ûȨҿδؾΪ˻ʵְΪҵͿҪôףŮ˼ˣ
ֵصһòջңһָҪȥѰģΪʲô
ˣѰ·ǰһСѣΪɹպҲЩѣصһΣֻΪϡİƣƮϵͿա
ĻһǷڵϣŽȥȴûнëϡ

3

ž
񾲾صһҾ֪㲻ΪʲôҪٴƭأûõģûõġ
㾿ô֪ģɻǺ֡
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½ɡɣ
ԭֶ֮һֻ֡ǣʲô
ɴ߽ڽСǰԵôߴľвⲢûƽ̬κθı䣬ôȻվš
סɵǹһ˿аЦ
Ҳˣʲôס
㲻ˣԸ׵ġţȤģ
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УŮ洴磬ڴϵʱûĲ룬Ҳɲˡԣܴ㲻ԷƱ
ͳŮﴴ磬һõʲô
õ簡õŮĵλ
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Ը⣬ҸԸӡɺԥ
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ЩƵģͷشϵҪЩʲô
㲻ںЩôһ϶ҪġֻҪҺһңټį
۾һ£漴Ʈǰĳȥ𣿡
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ҵĵˣҲǱ飬ϸСı飬ܳꡣοҲҲҵġ
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ҺѾ䣬֪Ƕô񶾵𣿡
ûоҵְ𣬻ñ䣡ֻ˵仹ٵİɡҲں
ϷǻԼģԸַʽ㣡ҲŮ洣ôԸأ
б£Ҳܺá
ĲںȰ㻹ʹ˳ħһһµ磡˸ղһǿģӵҪһж
ûҪġٴǿһȤҲûС߰ɡ
ɷѾ࣬벻񾹻ƽ䵭ŭһҪȤһҪ
ԼĳΪʲôصļwww.2 7t x t.c o m ( ȥ С ˵)ṩÿС˵Ŷ
ΪҪҵӣ
ӣԵػһ
ɿоƺЩԻ󣬲ɸŵЩջҪҵӣһеҾ˿ֺҸУʱ㻹ǵĺǵĸף㲻Ҫģôӣĸף㣬뵽ҪЩ𣿡
գۣƺԻˣɬ˫￪ʼʳһĹʡ
΢΢һЦһ㣬סɫ˫аȥ

4

㶵ؿ˫ĴԼնɵĺܽšİǿҵϢһ£֪ηӦ
ؿ촽ͣԣ޵شšԻ̧ס˫ȥ
ι
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˭ɿ߽Ǿ졣
˭ôĹ
ɵ˫һɨΪصȻǸˣ
˻ʣū𣿡ò״ߴġūͨ͡
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ɣһγıôˣ
ôˣѵȻ𣿡
ٷϻȻȴǷıҪһֱѰ
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ߣûõ࣬ȻܵЩʲôһ£ֻµСеŮȥˣ
ʲôô֪ҵ
һ˴ȻҲС
صʲôҲٲҵ
һٴλ£ȻеһôܵɿǷ˾ţ֮ѾĻŵ֪סģ˾ͨıҲѵǵõĻӣڤڤҲָ
һ£˱ͲΪ壬ƣؿ˵ϵһۣת뿪֮ء
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ֻǣǰžĹľס
ƺž͸оǽӨ͸͸ˮмǻԲɵˮ״ĹţխԲдµֻ貾Ө
ȥһ£ȻֱЩӡҲģΪסڵľ
׼빬ȴ̲סٴǸʧˮˮӦԴԴʵˮҲɱԳģ
ٿµĹǰǵû˼䷿ݵĸ߸ߵżȴһİͺżݽȥһ
ü룬ѵˮӦԴԴϢˮ飬ڵı飬ˮʯģ
ͷıҲʾΪص㡣
վڹ⣬˵˻Ҫҽһ
ûκһͷԼµѥٿһãȴ־ò䡣룬ֽѥ£սĲ֮С
ڹһˮֵؿŹǸԳ˻ʵķˡȷʵǸˣҲ˻ʣôǸԣ
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˼䶼ȱˮʱˣŮ˵ҪĽ˾ôɸأ벻ͨȥǸƯӢأ
ҿԽ𣿡Ȳֽе
뿴˵ô¡
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빬ڣһżˣټĹҲûʲô裬ֻһһΣһι״ı齡ƺһ̲ˮţһǸ״ǽﵽˮε״ˮһɱġ
еĹǵ䣬סĵطǲҲɱأ
ȴһԼ˵Ҳɱĳ״ġ
ǣڻû״ġѵҲˮһ˹ģôϹˣ˵񲻿ܻģҲû˼ѽ
˿дʣ˵ЩôֵĻƺŶԼĹġԼڵߣƺʲôȻԼھûбҲûоԼס˹ۿ˼ⷲ˵Ϊǽе档
һֻ֮ûĿĵȴͷʱúܿ飬һô죿

5

һֻ֮ûĿĵȴͷʱúܿ飬һô죿
Ϊʲôңѵ㿴صĽɥЩΪ㣬Ϊٵ磿۾òײҵס˶ĵزԸһ㾿ʲôһƨڵϣĵЩȻѾû
˵ְ½ֱܵˡֻǾţһߣҲκβ
Ҳ㣬Ҳ㣬ְ㲻ֻԼԼְ𰡣˼䶼ǺҪ㡭
ֽ˵㲻ҪˣҪıǸɸɱˣԸ⣬ҳΪɣԸļįΪ˼ȥǧǰȥˮ˵Ը𣿡
֪ܹ¶ܿҪ㲻ԸˣҸ̳ߣߣĲܳΪһ㣬þһ죬ϢһҲã˵ɲԼְѽ
յıڣ飬ϧҲܳϿңһɴĵ
ȻһᣬΥ˵Ҫĸоӿͷ䲻һ˲ȴҲԼо֮ƺԼܿ˵ġɳڶûԼְֻǣȻûа취ˣ
˫ۣһʱãȻУҲ㣬ôҺǰôϤôᣬľϸǰѵϸ飿ֻǣǰʲôҲǲ֪ѽⳡ󺵿ﶼȱٲԼǰ⣿
ҽ󣬺񣿡
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ϵɫƺû˵ٻѵǧԼĿɴ󲿷ҲĬĬѰ
ĺìܰҾƺҪԲ£ֲòһ㲻òԼְһŲҪģһȴҪˮȥأȥ˼
󣡡Լ˴ǰĿģȻվ𣬵֪Բ㣬һҪȥˣ
㣬㾹Ȼ֪صĴڣҲһ
ǣ֪Ůͨҵġ
Ĭһ֪ˡҵˣôأ
ģȥǳôĿʹ߾ʲôӶʹڵ״̬Ƶġ
鲻ԽͷԼһֱɬ촽ˣһһµسԼ֮⣡ô֪ģǽˮĹؼأ
ıԼ޷ơ޷ıİ
ˣܱһҪа취Ķࡣǲǣ󣿡
ҲػشȴðСͬ飬㲻ҵصģҪأʹ֪·Ҳû˻֪صλõģŮʹ֪ܿüصĴڣҲͨ壬Ҳ֪صľڣǸطİ
֪ôأˣֻ˶ҪʧˣʧȴҲĪҲеʧˡ
߿ˣʼԼڹڣǰһš
įıһ˴ˣܴĸıأ
ʱֿʼԭһֹһ㣬Ǻģʱһ޾ᷳĵزˣ
ȻȻһֻԼǻڵǿǱһ㣬һӲʹ

ģ1

Ůﰦ̾ڱϣɳȥ̽ϢĻر
ǰϷҵȴڹڣֻýЩСһЩŻر
ڹڣʲôطȥˣŮü
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ʲôϻʲô¿ѵ÷ԼԪ񡭡ֻǣⲻҲ˵ģѾĿʹ𣿡
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Ůˣ۹Ҳſɫ΢䣬ͷŮһЦͷ˵еȷôǾ͹һ԰ɣ
ͷ˻ԼλãŮԸһȥһ˱ɣ
ǣλæӦ
Ů˿

ģ2

һӾסˣֻԼҵײķסҲƺҪֹֻͣ˫۾ȴҲܶˣôճյš
ǰһŮӡӦŮһϮɴ޳壬˶Եˬޱȣ䲻ȴҲǱ㣬ףɫӨ͸أȴβסǾ绪һͷҪصƮݵĳںڷ˳ᡣңߵĸоԼôһֱѰٵİ
΢΢ü˫죬޵ĵɫʣʶŶ
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溬͸ָһ¡һӾѣæ󣿡
ôҵסӣһ顣
أǲǣָߵǸССӣȴҲ走͸
³ĽëﻹǾ˺ǲ˼飺ôҵԼΪصأһ϶
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㶣ͷ뿪
˵꣬Ҵ˳ȥ鲻Խظ
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̣ءأһغ⣬ͬĹâ˶һֿɼĸоֻеȰ֮ҫʱŻɢ欵
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ɬص֪ô֪ܲ뿪Լ֮ʱʹûϱˣ֮ôˣȻҲҪϱ˵ģοһƮصķķ
ϲؿһȴĵƲ۹⣬ҿӡ
֪˭𣿡

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ǺǺ𣿡ĿƺҲûʲôĸ飬һŶƺЩʹƺֻ䵭
񣿡¶ɵɫ
æһ͵һֱϷӣֻһΪĴڣע⣡Դӷ֮󣬷Ի󣬲ϵ𴦶ԽԽ󣡼ʧܽˮǰռˣҪǷŮĿ֮£ֻ
ʹ󣬶Ҳһ֮ˣ˼ˡ
ѽҲֻң㻹ܶطİæõǰ
ĺڵתһȦ𣿡
еżˣôһ̵أ£ڶɵʱҲ÷ŭѽôôƽأѵЩҲʹʹŭ
Ӧ뵱Լߵǿʱ򡪡ʱûиݵأףߵض첻¶棡һֱʱ۵Ҫ֤ٳأ
㲻ʵ˵ɲÿҲһֱû㡣ڲ֣űԻšͱͱϣҲ˵䡣
ΪѵؿڵҪҪҰæҿҵɡ
áڿڵ
ôͲܲˣǡ񼱼
һôܹܵأֻȥˣ
ǣѵ㲻ʼ𣿷ġ
Ͳҵʲô֪һ㣬漴ֵȥڹңƾʲôܵǣ
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ٴƽΪ
ԵģֻҪеʹֻ࣬Ҫ㡭
Ѿоκʹˣصǰʹ̫࣬ҶˣԣҲȥĻϲ٣ҲǵˣҲˡ״̬õģҲƽ
ǣôؿǡð
һͷ˵ģѵٻ𣿼ʹҲҪˣ壬ƺ͸顣
ҧסôΪ취϶أڡ
Ҳҧ죬̲סʹ㲻ںıѣǣѵܿ˼ڵĿûʱĲ״ô鶼ڡڡɵ¿Ůִ磬Ҫ𣿡
һ֣һ͸ǰҪ½ĻŤͷصҴЩֻƾҵġ
㿴ģΪʲôҲʹ࣬ѵ޶ԣ
޶ԡҺθɣ
ݺģԼ飬ֶЩ飬㣬㡭̫ʧˣ
ʧ֣ƾʲôʧԼˣʲôɣѵ
ôŭͶʼɶûأôѵҪŮҪŮŸ½ʦĵ䶼ϴŮŭѣ㻹ִԲ㵽Ҫʲô
Ȩλ𾴡̡ݡηɡƸȻ뵽гҪһС
񾪲ʹһһ³Щʾ䣬Щֲˣ˽һ򵭲
ʲôҪЩѵȡŮ룡Ȼŭ
ЩҸȤġصɿˡ
ɣ񶼳һˣ
ҪҸͻЩᡭǸʵʵڵӵûüյԼǸĶ飬΢΢κ
㣡ͻȻֵĺΣĵصѵӦˣ
񲻴ֻǻؿ鼫Ϊż
ʹ˸ɫȻȥȰȰɣ
֪ҪȥɵϢŮҲͲֹȥˡ
ģ
ƺһ£񣬵ô֪ҵ֣
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һϲæס֣˵ȴֻһӱסӣȥ͸СҲһӸΪɷˣƺʹ̣ɴ󾪣ģôô
ңңҧ촽ǸǸ˻ʣ֡
ôδ˵仰ȻֻԼֻֻ˵һ䣬㣬ѵ𣿡ѱ𸲸ա
ֻһڱʲôһ£һµţţţʹ̣ȴҲͻȻ뿪Ҳɴһ

ģ3

ŭػеıͣļϸıмֱ߿գǦɫơ
Ϣţоɫ̧ͷһ־ϲѵ˾پ
ڹȰͣŭͶʼɵĸҲûˣûκΰޣ˼伲಻мһˣƽĮֵͬ飬ȴôƽ˵ɡǸղżǸˡ£һʱ̣һеؾܵرߣƴػӽЩӲı
ȻǼӲı鲢ô׾Ƭģ˾ţ֮Ҳֻñһǳ˱мղƣԼǳɹˣ
Ҫرߣѵغе
ĶɫҰףֹͣӽ㣬㡭
ۣıĴۣȴֻҧʹ㵽ʲô
ҡŽԥһ£𣿿ǣ½˸ˣǡһ̰ɣɣҲȻЩЩ̣Ǿ÷˵ɡ
㣬ûõģҵȻʹᣬǲγˮġ񴭿
ôͲʩչЩڻΪ˼併һôģ
ֱӣصΪʲôҪΪ˼併һأ
㾹ȻĲְ𣿡
Ҳǲ룬ֻǲܣ
ǣѾˣָŵͿеǦɫҲʹˣǲǣҲ԰ģֻҪסһʱʹ
ʲôʹΪ֮ȴƽҼʹʹ࣬ҲģǾͲнģ
ǣ̧ͷԽԽŨڵ񣬵ûǰ㿴ھǣҪˮģңֻжԲˣ˵ţݺģ豦Ǽͣؿ
һڵأһʱֻʹ̣ȴֹ˻ǿĵıУôộСķˣһģ˺ǿѴģΪʲô˶أʹѣҲߺ޲ѣǿŲԸ
񼱼Ů洹ȥ·ϾͿܲɴʧɫô£Ѿָôһ͡ѵղ˵ĶԼĵĻһƸеˣôܲΪĻѹأ뵽ɴϲԼǽһˣô񡭡
½Ųڰ;иһˮȷĹͣǣڲϵ׳ӣȴΪλû˿ˮļ
Ů洹ΪҪҪͷһѾŮùˮԥʵûа취ܲһӰѴľˮ˰һʱǲָܻˣôԼҪܴˣ
裬ĬĬ˼ˮЩҲ֪ŮﻹпŵùˮζġΪģ
ӲͷƤŽŮ޹ȥȴȻⲻôǿҴˣ˵ǸûˡԾ̧ͷһǦɫӲ֪ʲôʱѲգŮ洹֮ɽ߻Ӧð½磬һӳ˰ʱֵĻ谵״ˣ
Ҫꣿָ
еһˤϣͷӿһ״ĸо
ôˤҵĽ𣿻Ҫ˷ôˮ
һæ裬ȴֲ֪Ǻˡ
Ůͺϴֵģ
񡭡񡭡
ôŮ仰æҲ޹˳̧ͷһδΣҲɴסˡ
£ŮǰҪ˵ŮＤص벻İ취ãżأ˴󹦣Ҷúý㣡
æСҲ֪ô£֪ǲ취ãҲܿ϶ԼǸãֻк˵š
㲻ǫ飬϶ǣŮȻһ֣ҽɽΨһһù͸ˣ
ǡ
ʲôӲã㲻ϲǿ𣿡
Слæл˵Լĵ£ǣȥҹ񣡡
ⲻʲôָˣڿһĶԸˣºˣŮʱãֺǼƺãͷһֱҲʱˣһ۾Ҳôֻһˡ

ģ4

Ů޺ͷߺӸǼѣʲݸȻܹӦǵãǼʮȥٵѻȱʳȻʱǣԵȥԼһʳѾܾˣҲԸ뿪ȥҲпܼʹȥˣҲûõˡòѾûˡ
Ůеյǣֺ󣬸ӳĬˣǶԼŮޱԼʹ˻ָ񣬿ƺˣȴˡ
ŮֻкͰ˵ЩԶȹദȴǷįӡ
˵Ϊʲôأ
ҲǸеԼûðɣֲҵʳȻҲȥڸʲݸǲܹڼ״̬
ǰҲ롣ǣûΪʲôأӦáŮüͷ
˵ȹѹأӦöõģǣ˵ġλСԴ
Ů㲻һֻС㶮ʲô
ҿҲһֻСУܿĶ㿴Ķ࣡ЦʵǽסŮʱͷ˵ĻŮ˸Щνķա
֪ôˣŮֵ
Ůޣڷǰɣ̲ס
ôŮֵصΪʲô᣿
ˣϲɣԥص
ҲǵѣΪʲôϲοô¸ҵؼ縺ô޵ΣȥѰ񣡼ʹܳɹҲǿɾģ
㻹˵ΪȻصˣǰ˵˵͹ˣ
Ů޲ҡͷ̾һͷŸʲݸȻое̧ͷһյİƾ£񣬳Ǧƣɢˣ
Ů޺Ͱͬʱ
Ҫ𣿡ҲɱŸϹһعԵҲص
ǻƻʱȴǻƻǦƺգⰵѹ֡
ѽѽôƣһǣһǣŮ޸ޱȼ˽˻
˽ӵţƺûз٣ֵصȴˮ£û뵽Ҫȥ֮ˡ
þãҲûо꽫ǰĴ磬ƲӦ׵ʹΪʲôǵڻ֣ѵֻǼ󣬾ƽʱʱʱĸɺһǣһδƳˣһôܲˮôԲˮôԸϣȴҪʧأǿɻҪģ
Ůشӷ˻ͷˣҲһʧ
ˣһģ㿴ԽԽŨˣ𣿡
ǣⲻ̫أ˱ϾԸµˣػش
ϣģϣģŮִֵؼֵһҵˣһǡ
˱ɫ˵̾һǸʲݸȻ֪Ҳάֲ˶ҲŮʧҲֻôصȴԼٰ֮ɡ
Ů޺ȻôԽԽˣ
ȻҲúϮˣӦе󣬵ԴɳĮ־ú꣬ѲˣѵĿʼҪָ
ŮԽԽŨƣſĺϣһѽ
ǣŮ΢΢üʲô
ƺʼһȺ׵С飬ϸ˿Ʒظࡢİ׻ƮŮ޳δģ
ǸôЩС飿Ů޾ȥӭЩɫ񻨶С飬˭֪С־ͻΪˮ
Ů޾Ŵ죬˵ˣЩ׻ܱˮأ
ʲôվеֱ۵⣬µһЩɫӨıǾֱϻһˮأ
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ʲôˣŮ޼ؽУͷȥЩˮΣˣˮһأ
ҲϲطʵȷֻΪʲôЩˮΪʲô״̬أǣƺЩأѵΪĸɺˮҲɸɵ
ǣữأǻữˮѽ
˿ֻ˼ŵŮޣæСݣǺþûùˮף⣬ǿܲˮһһЩⶫԺã
ǣҵû뵽أŮ޼æҲŴСóƿƿ޹ޣǰ©ʱˮһ
ʱշСԽԽܼǰɫӨĻҲеľëһ㣬粢̫Щ׻Ͻһ׶رġꡱ
ˣӦûˮһ˵ǲǣ
ǣץһѣﻯˮΣҲ
ˣ˵ʲô
Ǹɵꣿ
Ҿˮ˵ǲǸã
ˮǲԭȺˮﱻˮк˻˳ʵŮе㲻ˣϲ˵ˡ
ѽ˵ǻˣŮ޺Ȼе껨
⣬ܺã˲˵ʲô
ǣأһҲ񡣡ŮЩʧƲƲ졣
Ȼڵѩɣ
ѩŮ޾ؿŰ
˼һѩ˵ϵѩȱ˶ӣʮص
ѩŮ޾ϲص
ѩţһֱӯط׷ɣѣƣƮ䣬ϢԽԽѩﾹҲЩˮ˼ˣãĴ׵ѩøΪɾˣŮ޳ճյһƬѩ׵ĴأҲ
ֽӹһƬѩϸشţģѩ˵òã
Ȼãߴߴؽô˷ܵʱˡ
Ů룬ˣ˵ⳡѩǲҪµģ
˲Ůʧͷڵǰɣ
ΪȻصҲһѩ񣬲أ
ǣŮ޻صѽңȥ֮ųֵģ롪
ʲô
Ҳ񣬻ѩЩС飬ôҾöйϵЩȥѰųֵ漣Ҳܣڰ·Ѿˣǣ൱УӦù鹦ӦþĹͣˣǸԴ˼ĹͣǸӦüԲԣ
ԣһ¸ҵ࣬ȷӦõģĳ򣬸͵
ǲΪˣŮ޺
ˮûʲôϵѽ
ҲϵһѩأŮ޺Ȼ쿪صѩͽˣ
ΪȻضȵŮҡҡͷ˷һۡΪԽԽѩеϣû̫⡣а
ѩ׷Ʈҹغػ˼ѩһƬ׸ɾأڸǺʹԭȵĻɳ죬ǲ磡

壨1

ƣߵڵϣѻԡʹڵϵ񡪡Ϊ§ڻġ͸ݣҲͬܵؾ絶ʣ૵Բ𣡶ԲҲǹҪ˺㣬ǹҪĵģֻǣֻǡ
Ѿѩˮϴ֣ԼҲʹʹԼܻݵɣھҲʹظıʹСҲ˺ˣֻһΣҲˣ㶼ʹȴᣬ
ģҲˣٴθɺԣһҲٲ˺ˣһξ͹ˣǲǣǶǾԼģǲǣΪ˻ʣൽΪ½ʱ⺵飬ҲΪǾԼְ𣻶㾭ʹ࣬ҲӲһˣԲԣ˭ҲΪˣ뵽ԼһõǿôֵˮﻹǸеھεģҲЧ£ǲҲҪ˺أǣ˵ҲһҪƴģ
ǣıģ׸ôʹڻأ˵Ҹô죿Ҹô죿ҪҵþеҲҪΪůģٱǣȴҲǰǧʹ࣡Ҹô죬Ҹô죿
ָٴλɬ͸ļ뵽ΪȴԼҲˣֲɾҲʮΰɣеԽ䣬ɸһЩԼů
ѹƽеһһİĸооůԼϡʣر鲼֫ٺ۲ſԼǸͣػӽԼĵ˻Ļ
Ҫ§ɼС¶䵭֮ĺ⣬ֻεɿ˫֡Բ𣬶Բҡ
бһۣǵ򱱿ȥݵӰ¶ˣɴȫΪЩңǰƶ΢΢Щ赸
ͷ󡣴ؿƷ˿ֻȥȴ־ǻǸ⣬һʹܽ͵壬ȴվ˺ˣôٴоϵ˺
ڹſͣ½ŲһԼδע½磬ȴһƬãã硣ôʲôˮֻǣô˰ɫǰżһƳĻɳص磿ʲôǰããĺˮɣҲģ
̲ס棬һǰɫмǸıԼİǱһףҲӨ͸ƺĻһ㡪Ҳȷ³ֵһֻɣ
Ҳһѩѩȴڻˣѩˮ˳ָµš
һϵľܻˮô᣿ô᣿ٿԼϲܻˮ꣬Щɻ
ԼͷɥҲøɾˡ仹ãҲˣֻǸ֮ɫƺԼ˺ܴҪǧˡƵġĽྻǳճͶ˫ķһǿҵײ
ضһӿͷѹסˣȥˣˣҲΪ˼
񣡡ŮԶԶ
վסſмٵ֮ҲǾˣϧԼҲ֣ôܻشʡ
ŮȻΪȻһһҹĴѩҲˮͬĹЧҪڻȴּˮֱˣǻ˼еĺˣҲһʼľ˻ϲŮۿġŮ˽ģΪŮܹͨһַʽĺ顪ǻΪѾȥأ
Ů￴͸ô£ôģ
󿴵ŮϵĴ֪ͣŮԼΪź⣬ֻ
Ҳ֪
֪Ůһ¡˵ѵıȻ˺飬ȴĪؽôһʲô
ġÿӣ
Ů
㣿˻ʣŮһģ
ңֻǰһ¶ѡæ
ôģ
ǡԥһ£ñ֪Լý˺ǿĲⳡˮģڻһĵļɡ
Ŷʲô취ʹڻ
ЩΪɣ
ţǺ½ΪѩҲŮ̾
֣͵͵ɫǰ쿴һɫǲҰףھθ
񣡹ϲˣӴŲˬҴ㡭
Ҳû˵ⳡʲôѩģֲң󵭵ص
ʲôŮеǻ黯ɱѩŵѩǿҵĸܡ
ߣһ֮ûȫָܻõģģڵ
ŮȻЭⳡѩôҲб°ָˣôҾͰ񽻸㣡һؤֻ÷ۣͷԼҵС˻Ҽ׺·
лѾ˻ʣǲش·ֻҪһУص
ðɣŮӦһ㲻˻ˣ⵹ûʲôֻҪʹָŵڴӽԺһһڣʮ˻ʣ
ŮҵСЩĽʮ˻ʰ벻Ůﾹ׿Ӧŵ
޾ϲҲҪֻʹҸټį
ʲôôԣŮɫߣæѹסǲ˵ģҲҲǧһ֣ʱͿԡ

壨2

Ůԥԥ˵šŮﶼôȻ˵Լˣһȷ֪ʲôһڣôżįܱ⣿ΪıȻ˵ǻʱ΢΢һ£ֻˣ
üΪʲôԣΪʲôҪһ˳ܣʲô
ⲻʲôģΪʹԲᣬͲ񣡲ˣбҵϡŮ￴ŲȻҲĸԵǣҲûа취Լˣ˭Ҳı䲻˵İ
ԥػͷΪʲôأ
ñĿӦŮĸοЦݣֻϧûʲô»ĵˣ
㣡ŮüҪң
˵ʵôʵأ˵ϣҲ׼ҲףԼ˵ʵô˷Ůأ
ʵŮľֻǣʵôû㵽һ㣿
˼䣬ǶһƽҸҲˣʲôǲ˱ϲ͸飬ԲٱˣҲǺ°βҸ񣿡
Ҹ񣬻Ҫٴѵô׵𣿡Ȼ·Լ֪ЩҲѰ̳ߣ֮ȴҲʹȴҲûɵѽôҪԼȥѰһʲô񣿲ĻȻҲܸ˻ʡ
ʹûɣ㻹û㻹ҪŬָҲ뿴ԺܸĿ࣡˻ʣȻܰΣԺҲҪȻһ뵽һ£Ůæʹڱʱɣ
Ůǿǡʱ֣ЦһҲ㡣
˻ģһƬ֮ģؿɼϧɣŮﺬº͵Ц˵ת뿪
ɫ΢䣬ҧҧŮıӰ
ŮĻȴԼһʱ޴룬ϲޣһӴŭ˫ɴսôǲаˡ
ؿͷҲص߽ţǾɥǰǹɵģԼǸˣʹôܽԼأԼʲô˵ҲǸʲôһֻ˺
μ棬Ѿشģôȥ˺ѾòƽѾò˰ԼͲһˣǣˣǲǸûͷأ
Ѿذȴô뿪ɼȻǰôȥ˺
ڱǰǻ˼ȥߣ²˾ġ
ҲᰮҵģҾܴһҲãʱįҲãܱٴ뱯ΪðɣǣͻǴѽԼôؿűǰʹĥأ
ǣƽȥҲǴ绹Ǹ֣Ҳãǲǣ
ţȴ˻ȥܣܽĵƽĲƽǼǼ
ǲζŸεʹֻ࣬ûоֻʱƽǲǸʹҪڻһ˵Σǣ˵أ͸úúþΪôܷõĻᣡ
ᶨȻеԺһ󼲷紵æͷһȴһӰһζʲôһˣҲ䰮ģ
񣿡ǴҴҶȥıӰŭΪʲô԰
ִҴһصǸˣҶ磡һԶңȻڻأ˵һζҲûټ
ֲԥˡ
ؼĻѩڻˣ֮ɽҲضһƬͶŶιĸ˾ϲ޵ϣ֦ȷѿСػС
ŮҪ뿪רеȴƳһȺʲôϸϸһŵ֪Ⱥǳѩʱûռ㹻ѩ˻һЩ֮ġ
Ůü뵽ѾжδκʽĽˮⳡѩͻж֪ռأʹѴϵĻѩռˣҲǲԲǰ˴ʧȥˮ֣½໹ҪֲũҪĽˮѽƺҲûʲôѵĲָܻˣһѩֻǽȼü֮ôҪٴγȥֻ⣡
ֻȥϾǸڣǲø֪Ϊá
˻ʣٰܲһΣٽһδѩŮ￴
ܣҲôᶨص
ΪʲôܣŮֵص
ѾҵأͽȥˣȻǲˣ󵭵ص
ʲô
ǣҲԸ⡣æ
صߵýȥ𣿡
Ǿȥ˺ģǣǲ̲סȥأ뵽ģȥ˵Լ⣬ܸҲ֪Լ˼ġ
ɵֵ֪رߵʱ򣬲һֱµصǸĻһʩչطˣҲ߽
֪Ӵ˷ԼģΪʹ࣬⻹ʲô߽أǰԼڼį֮УԼȴ֪
ֲŮ֪ԸŮɴΪ󣬸ԸҪٴ˺
Ů֣˵ĻȴһƳߵľɫ䣬æʣô
죬ˣЩص

壨3

죬ˣЩص
ŮﰵԳһȻ£ΪһνˮɡǴˡȻҲȥɣȴһֱδлر벻ξԼײˡ
Ů￴һ񣬼ɫ䲢ûʲôı䣻΢΢תķ
ɷٸŮׯϱ࣬һЦ̵˫ĿĹߣֱŮ
Ůһ䣬˺һһͷɵķҵСٿе㵣ġ
ȻڵһѩԪ𣿡
Ůһ£ɣ֪Ƕ˵ôɾˮ𣿵ôƫƫҲǳ״Ҫǿɾ͡
һЦ벻㻹ǵҵĻڵ𣿲ûⳡѩԪˣԭ󺵵ȷҵĴæʹɵĹؼʱ̸˳ڣɣʮĴѩҲҲˣ
ĬĬŮﰵľɣ㾿ʲôЩΪã
ɰȻҷһŮҵӵģ
Ůһ㶣񣬸ΪԾʲôʲôʱˣ˵
ɵһЦŮڴˣСɾס㽫ġ
Ůŭſ³һѺɫ˫ֱɣʱסɡ
Ƭ֮зŮ߶Ҫд̽˫ۡŮȻһۿ̵۾ȻһȦΣס沿ȴǰƶˡ
񣡡ŮȲѣ˷е
֣仰׵磻æҲһ¡һֻһֻұۣϢģҲˣ
ʹ˫ĿܿŮк쵶شͬʱһԾ߿գȥ
ŮſջѺɫУ񣬵ôȫ
Ƕˮ̫٣ʹܵ㣬塢ɣæͷȲ
Ůͷصô£
ʲôƺûⳡĶǵĴֻվš
˵ʲôӲӵ£ѵӦ˲ɣ
ûСܸɴصӦˣ
ʲô㣡Ůʧɫħ𣿡
Ҳһʱ̣Ҳħˡ󵭵صӦΪӦҾͿӣԺĸף˵עǸǧżįˣɱ˵ĶŮҲԼĶŮȷΪֹûҪӡԸ⣬Ҫġ
ʲôŮɫ䣬Ŀƣ׹¶ҪɱҲľ
ʵ㲻ŴӦҲûʲôƲҵģҲԶûãòңȴãĸ׵ĻᡣԺƽصȴƺһõĻӰ
㣬ħŮŭıһӱ漴ҡͷôңҡؾ֡
һ˳еʲôֻˣɲûѽ
ŮôҲԣʹһ֮䣬Ҳħοûɡ
ǻ˼İеʱõҲżȻһЩ£ȥѵ˵˻ˣ˻ֻһ֮䣬ѣħ
Ůŭϣ˻˵ʵ㲻ѣħҪĺݣתȥ
Ů뿪ԷģʱȷеΪСŮҪ˺Ǹûȥѽ
󣡡ת빬ҲæŸȥ
ǰһ
Ӻĸô
վס
ʵҪǷԼһкܶȢӵġ
һشֵҲԼԼҪŮ̫ˣϰˣȻҲԼԼˣ
ɫ΢΢һ
ʵ֪㵱ȻĴӦɣ㲻ΣŮˣ
ֽŵǣдӦ˼أģ
𣿡֪ڵҲǰɣԼܿԼôܿɣǲЦ
ҾԲģԷİĿǵ
ߣʲô
ңһҪģһᰮ㣡Ұ㣡ڶ
͵תض㰮ң
ұͰ㣬һû㣬ˣԽԽ㣬һᡪ
ʲôң㲻ǸˣԳһ˿
ҵģȫģС
ߣҡҡͷתǰߣ
󣡲ôǲǸˣҶ㣡ԣ㲻԰Ǹɣٵģ
ǣɻõҡ㲻Ǹˣ㲻ԶңǸһʱ뿪ңԶ뿪ңЩĸˡ
ҡʹƢǣѵֻ֪Ҫįʹ㴦ǧ֮䣬֮ͬ
һ㶣ؿæ֪ɼʹŵԶ㣬ǴģվǼį𣿻У϶ᱻŮģŮҲǳΪ򸾵ģ
ߣѵ𣿡
ңҿԣȻؿڳһɾ޴飬еصҿԣΪʹǿǧį仯Ҳңܴģǲǣ
Ŀⲻ֪ˣǳ鶯һ£㡪
󣡡ǰһסС֣ҲҪħԶᰮңҰ㣬Ұ㣬ϣãϣ㲻ʹ࣬ټį
۾΢΢ʪ˫Լ֮δйĹâ

壨4

۾΢΢ʪ˫Լ֮δйĹâ
󣡡ؽ촽촽
һҲţɬĴշת˱Լʪ͸ôӵסӵסԼһӵšɿݵɬɬ
һִδйů⣬ڵůƺһӾģķµĳëʪоӨˮ˳͸ջ¡
󣡡ϲصˣ
Ҳһָ̧һԼգʪģ
㿴ģһ취߽ģ÷ҪУĵļѾˣǲǣҲˣǲǣ
ץסԼ֣ס˫ۡ
󣡡
ôˣ̲סĵ̲סٴ᣿ѵİ𣿿ǣֻһ˵ġԼעҪļį
ԣҪ˵İǸİһΪʲôڶη֪ղסΪʲôҪƫƫٴΰǵģǰֻļįʹûĻˣǵֺ˵ЩЩǲŵģûʵӵʵǹֻһʱĶİˣӲؽ˻ȥҡͷҲҪת˲ŵİ飬ҪʹˣҲҪοҸûС
ҸԶһԶؽе
ôô㲻һˣ̲סӯ
һ취һ취а취ģܻСһϴûнһѩһһˣЩҰ쵽ģǲǣңһа취ǵİ쳤ؾãǵİת˲ţġһ취󣡡һѱס
ţҲãȻˡ
ʪ͸رĹȴֵܵҲ硣
񿴵񱼽صǽôô
ͣ漴͸ָӯ̬ҡҡͷɥصһΪٳȥһɲոʪ͡
Ҳ΢üͷֹͣ磬ȴοصҲôָˣôôһӾأ
ô׵ģܽһبδеĴѩǺѵõˡġָܸܻɣҲһЩο
ҿδأ˵ؿԼʲôʱʲôʱˮҿеħˣס겻ᣬֶǽôĥ˵һԺԴŮҪЮ
˵ʲô񲻸ˡ
ֻǲ²ΰˣҪĳŮɵע⣡½ٲس˸ɣףҪħɾǱɻҪҪԶԸأŮԽԽţ˼ǻˣΪԼ๦ߣֱ̫ƽӳˣ˳ĵЩˣԽԽǾÿ£ԽԽõģһʱ֮ͷڵվҵȥһҪﾯѣ
æסʲôǺҲɣô棿
ϴһ£ôԣ뵽ʲô˵ʲôǸɣڶ⣬ôΣ֪أУǰ죬ɣΪʲôһ֮ȴ
⡪ûлָţüס
Ҳûã֪˼ǰһ棬ǲǾϲˣ
ɴۣ÷˼ô˵ôϲ
ߣΪҲ֪Ǹÿξʱдʣ૵ػ֣ղŲҲģߣΪҴûȻǸǺòˣѵܲģ
ŭǻ˵˵ҵܵôϲǵġٺ˵Ҿ͸
һҪ¸أҲŷŭ
ȭ񣬵벻㾹˰ŪǷǣ
æס񣬵㣡ɵˣǸҲŵģʲôʹɫ
һæȭҪ߾͸ߺˣ᲻㣡
ǽϣ֪Լռ˱ˣһ䣬ãҾȥ˵ҵҪǲǻǣߣҪǻԼĶŮǿɾ͡
һ˶һжǰͣƽʱͲҪ˵ˣֻҪԼˣ΢һ㣬ǸԼԣԳʹֹһ㶼ûܣҲû߹ֻ͵͵ЩŵˣϴλСЦԼԽԽݣΪ˼أ
Σĸɺ£ﲻſ⡣żһţҪ˴ܵǸ׵ȴûеõͷ˻أѵΪһòŮ
ԽԽԼίֱŮ洹ȥ

1

Ǹˮϣͬ붨һ㣬һҲ
ϣĿת˲
һ̹ǵĺ罫ϵˮƮƮ׹ȴվû۶ϡ
磬æֱ󣡡
˶۾ʵˮ˫ţԵ÷Źˮҡҷ裬Ҫ䣬ճյþǿһʹգգۣأһֱ峺˫ﲻһǰ⣬ŽĮĿתϡ
Ŀһӱˣĵỽһ󣡡
ţ촽˻ʣˣ
ʲôһΪʲôȻԼߣ
˻ʣԼ˵ģϱĿѾﵽҵ޹أû˭㣡뿪ɣ
󣡡
񡣡ӣ˫壬ƺǳʱ顣
Ҫ󣡡
Ҵ󣡡
ҡôңʹ˵
ԣҲ㡣Ҳ޹ؽҪ
Ұ㣬ҡ
İƺƽֻǳһʵһҲ˵ᡱ֡
㲻߻ͷ·
ֻߵ·ƿĿ⣬ֿһڶˮ
Ŀ⿴ȥΪʲôȻֱȥԭ
ǹ˺㣿
һã˭ҲСģҵҵģȻֻŰȥ˺
ҲǹģĲǹġסᣬȻƴ˵ԼǸ֮⣬ƺûƵģֻأɫء
ңЩȥˣ㲻˵ˡ߶
˺㣬ʵԼҲʹҵҲű飬ҡ
ڣ͵ûһ¾ͺá
û㣬ҲʲôҲκ£
Ǻ޹ء˵ţվ߻ңϣҲǧˡ
ôҲ벻ͨΪʲô֮ǰѾжȴʤǰأѵʲô뷨𣿻ѾȻǰ飬ҲܴˣԼİô΢
ôһ˻ôأʵڲ˽Ůʲôǧƣ룬ǧļįʹѾٶأ
ǣֺܲģΪʲôѾ˺õĿʼȴҪǰֻȫƵ
ڱתһȦһȦĿʹͷԽԽǿңѾ˵õģΪʲôǲԼأ
˼ǵòشﲻһ⣬ıˮ״ı飬ɴûˮΣֻм⻹ʲô𣡡
Īֵõ˻ֻ󵭵ֵ𣿡
ҵȻȨ㣡һеµ
ǰ㻹ԼǻʵۣʹǻʵۣҲ˻ʣɹܲңҲ֪ˡ
ֻԼ½ķˣŮȨ㣡ΪǶȻܵľˣѵҾͲָҲŮĳӣȻҲøһӦΪôҪԼְ𣡡
㵹Ǻ˵
˵ʵȷȻźʹ񣬵˼䣬ÿԼλãλ͸ıôԼӦóеأҲΪǲ飬ʹһЩȻҲ֪ΪʲôûеڶҲŮʱҲõļ̳ߣȻҲ㣬Ҳͬ㡣һ˵ȥԼҲЩˡ
ͬң
ǡĿҾĳһλ϶ԼĿһҲ֪ܿ
ߣһ
ĪְҲʹʹ࣬мᣬָжٿʹôʹͣȻֻΪᣬҲʹ࣬ԣͬ㣬Ҳ㣡
Ȼ˵һһ󻺻ص
籾ˡĲԵģȻ𱸣ĺõģȻҲӦ
Ĭˡ
ǣȻʹįҲְһֱ壬ǻŻʲô˼˳Լ˼·˵ȥȻòͷæȥĻĿڵһ·ѰʱɺɳĮһλŮޡʵҲֻһˣȴҲԼĿհУôصĸɺűصĻɳȱˮûûϣĴغʹ࣬Ǻ¸һǣô飡Ȼֻһ£ȴ͸ң˵һɳĮ֮Ϻ˵ڵһϺ֮㿴Ӧѧϰľ񣬲ǿѺʹǰҲӦñ飡
ؽԼһ·ľǸŮ޹һٱֳ֮̾⡣
ˣҸжĻУܹһ˼ȥǸʲݸԸȥһʳ˵Ҳãһ˽ˣҰʹЩʲݸЩĸʲݸҴ˴ζȹѹأҲһֱֵˣż㣡ˣҲǷˣѵֵ㾴ԣ㲻Լְ𣬶ҲӦΪ๱ԼӦù׵ģÿÿ뵽ͺܸжȻҲǸƸеˣ㣬͸ӯģǲǣͷļģǲǣ
㵽˵ʲô
㲻¼ţ룬ŮҲأٳĻ͸ѰˣȻ飬ǻ壬ǸԼ𣿡
ҵţǰһ󼤶æǰ
̧֣ȥɡ
ȥĶԾص
صǸɳĮĻʹ档Ҳ
ҲȥּˣҳҲ˵ǡ
ȷңҸһӳ䣬߱ȥ
ʧɫæеҲҪȥҪҲ˵ˣ˵ˣԵҲڵģҲҪȥҪ
ӲؾͲͣˣڲܿԼͬʱ˫ץæץסڵŵļˮһӳϼ˫һݽµǸֹס˺˵ӡ
Ǽϵˮһεεˤڹ⣬ţмŻĽ¡
һ£Ǳظڹǰص
ȴֶӣֻ̧ͷǱؿ
߹ȥ¶޵֮⣬ͷһȥֽСס

2

һʱԼǻţҲƲסɿرŮ洹ڣ̷ŮľԼҪ

ڻʲôʱ䣬㲻Ҫܵ𣿡Ůﲻ̫˵ص
Сһ£
ʲô£˵ɡ
СΪıһ඼꣬۵ǱġСܶԽշˣԡ
ʲôշ磿ŮڵվûгֻΪֵĵǺͷգƺЩϲ
СΪı桭
˵ʲôŮﲻ˵ذ
СһƬ൨İС񿴣ֲԼأкɹ˼ҿҪȥˣԼ϶аĽ֮⣻Ҳӡ
Ů侲ʧ֣֮ǵ֮ͬ񣬵곤Щôܺأ°ɡȥ
ֻ˳Ů洹⣬ܾñ
ôôͷɥģ񿴵Ů洹ͷģһβסԼķߺ֮飬֡
ߣ̫ˣŭص
ֵ̣ص
ʱĳ£ҿôճ
ʲôôأҲɽ
Ǹһı֮ģﾹ˵Ǻǣ
æĻɲϹ˵
ʲôϹ˵ѵ㿴һԵǶ㣬ҲҪһ֣;Ĵڣңô󵨣Υɹᣬ񶼱ȥˣǿɶԼѵþҲﲻ
˵Щһ֤ҲûУôƾաݣһ˳ǫͣô£
ѵҲǸס𣿡
㿪ʲôЦҺ֮ͬ񣬶ҿɴģҲһɢյģıסڱôȥ
Ҳܼأνճ꣬㿴ٻӰʲôܵģߺߵص
ǲĵ֢ˣôô˺˼룿ǲԹҵ񣿺㵽ȥĹ㺮Ȼ䣬ǶȷҪ㣬Ҳòô
ҺʲôŻ˵أæ
ܺ˵ҾͲܺ˵Ҳ˳˵ѣҲԩζʵЦ
ðɣ㡣ǣһɲΪ˽˶ԹǿΪŮ֮ɽ
ô֪ǶͷҲ̫ѽ뱻ƣɣ񱻽ڱҲǺεѽο˼Ҳٲ㣬,αغһأ
ЩʲôֵܵҪȡҲãô཭ӺɶѾɺˣĺҲֻʣСĺˮȴôᣡԼķŭ֮ɫ
ҡҡͷ֪񲻽ܴƢ꣬һִƫţֲҪа·ͷأԼҲܺһʶҪǶ˵ԼĻɣ񲻺һˣ
ȴΪŮѵһͨеͷ󣬶ҲԼˣʵӦúԼվһϵģҲƲΪʲôƫƫݣǿɶ
ǼʲôٵʲôģƽദҲЩ鶼ǵ˵ѽΪʲôûվһأ
һȴϣܿƵطһء淽ǰţҲ֪˶ãеܻȴʢѹƣ³࣬䡪ȻŮһҪխ·ĻˣһӾʹܵǰһ޴ĸɻ֦ɵĹ֮ϣʱ
ԼҲһҪǸŮ֪⻹˵ãοⲻ½˼䣬Ҳĸ֮ҪջˣԼٲ鷳ɶ֮ģæɲҪϡͿΪԼƣοɲԼæΪԼʰ̯ˡ뵽ЩǸεĸо
һԿŻƽСת׼뿪
մδȴһͷײһ¡ǽϡ˼ŷǶ¡ǽһߴϿ̵Ĺâֱ̹
Ʈĺ췢һŵήҲˣʱ
㣬㡭ɣȫ֪ɽôĥԼԼֻǲСķѽҪŮһзִģ˼ġͣᡭ
ɹЦҾɣ

3

󣿡Сػš
Ĳ˵ִŸŪ޿κΣҲ첻飬ȴֲԸʹ˴˺ײƽģֻǶǣû˼ͻ࣬ϾݣҪͲ˷ѺܶʱģӦȥĸȤģ
𣿡
صɴۣԼ۲𣿻ôأԼǲǣʱҪȸԾˣֲҡ
һã¶һ˿ΪȻɫæֵЩۣе㡪еʣ
¶һֺõЦݣü΢Ҳﲻ㡣
㣬㣬Եһᣬһξͺãһˣˡ
һΣܺȵ𣿡
ţ룬ҲǲҪ̫࣬ôͺȲˣ
һᣬ˼һˮĳƮһ£üͷ
ԭֻ˿ɫı仯֪˵ʲôˡ
ˡһǸԵʣǻ룬ԼְûƵġ
˵ϲ˵ȻԸ˵ˣȻãһԵ֪ԭԼҲö֢ҩ
öǧƾԼıĹǣŮҵʾǣע͸ԶǸ֮񣬲ݡ
С޸ĸ޶Ůȴ߹󣬶Ůϥƣûѣֻмįȴ־ͬϣֻЦûˣֻбȴǷ򸾲ܣϣ
֪ҲˣȴƫƫŮһٸ֪һѡ
ҺǴʯͷĳģǸ֮ȴҪسеЩνʹ࣡ԣǧڳˣҲͨˡ
ͨˣˣȴƺֹϢ򱯿ıܡ
֮ͨҾ;ҶˣûˡҲԸƾűΪŮЧңĿ޲Ҳ˰ҲûаǼǲûϲҲûлϲһʲôҲ벻Ҳҵְ֪ҲǹģҸͲٲˮɣ
˵꣬ȴƺ۵þƣߣ͸Ӹƺøϡۣƺһķܴƣ
󣡡ֻһֻҲƣָûҪѣϾҪɢ
㶮ԼΪƲԼ㡪ֻʲô취أһ
ҿﻹôġᣬǣⲻٴ˵ȥˡ
ʲô㲻ǿǱҲǧ۶ɵıԼҲûʶһɣҲôӲڽⲻˣҲûطᣬôꣿ
ǣŮ˵ʹδ㲻Զġ
Ҿ͵ĳͷɡҲ
Ҳͷ㣡
취ڻЩһָϴĹס
ҡҵıⲻ֣ټį
ߡᷢһûʲô֮ɫȴԼǻˡ
Ƴһھεɫ˫ۡ
ܾã̾˿¶Ƶģ˵󣡼Ȼ޷ѡĲʹ֣ôҲԸʹʹࡣ
۾
˫ۣעҲֻгеԼעˡôһʹࡢþе
ߣֻתһĺڵӡ
ע㲻أ
ʲôᶨص
㲻ǸˣֻǷˣʷ̥ܱŮѡУҲ
Ҳӵص
ߡ
оʯ𣿡
ָõܿ½ľӣôеǾأҲɱˡ
Ӧÿķˣϣص
Ҵûȥ
ʲôŶ뵽ղ˵һôǲԸ⿴ЩˣǧԸ֪ӵôá
ǣôȴ󲿷Ϊ㣬ǷḻʣҸͣЩĹͣ
ң
ֻǸʵ
ôΪڵĸɿݻǴң
ҲҪʵҲǰһʹص˿ڣǧǧǵıҲһɺӵĻϽиĺ󺣣ǧ˵Ŀʹȴϣһеǵȷ̫˽Щ¶Ρ
˵Щ½ҲͬһңǶעôõûϣԶûоͷ𣿡
⡪
½ֻأֵܻǵĺʱ򣡿ȴˣеʱͲиͷźã
󣡡ʹؽС
Ҳԡһļįͱ࣬˼棬ֻء
ҲơʵʹշҲиĿġ
ΪλҪβһҷ𣿡˵Ų̵Ļȴûв̵ıƺֻڳһΪʵ
ڣǾòƽˣǲǣ
ûС
ǣҲΪòƽȥ˼䣬ܸһĴڵġС࣬һλͷϣٲеҲӦ¸ҵسеȥ
˻һ
ңû
ߡôˣһˣߵһԼ˵ģ¸ҳеǿԣ
ǣȴһԶע¡
صͬң
ҡ˵Լְ֪֮󣬾ͬˣ˵ЩʲôãֻǵڲԭȵְˣֻΪŻȥ
İ𣿡
ǣҰ㣬㲻ϲҡ
Ͳ
ôܲ㣿ֻǣҲʹ㲻ˡ뵽֮ǰ̸ֻôˡ
㰮ûʲô֪İĽҵע˵ģҼ񣬻˵Ŀǰؼ״ˣȻҹ⣬һܵõİʹõҲǶݵģԣҲνˡҲΪŲġ
νˣôĻĲŶôı
ǣѲǸǧˣƽص
ΪԼǧˣ˼ʹ𣿡뵽˼ЩС࣬ǲҲǲܿԼ˵
ѵ𣿡
ɡԥһ£Ȼڻô˵ʲô޹ؽҪİɣŮҪͷͷԼˣǣ㲢޸ĸأ

4

ɡԥһ£Ȼڻô˵ʲô޹ؽҪİɣŮҪͷͷԼˣǣ㲢޸ĸأ
ҴĶģŮﶼ֪ѵ֪˵̫ڷ˼
Ĳǵǰйһ֣ģ
̲סʹһ¡Ǹ֣Ǹֻ֣йġ
ǵãǲǣ㡣
㣡ɫ΢΢һ䣬ѹס
֪ΪʲôᱻȡΪȻ޸ĸûֵãΪʲôᱻģ
û뵽⣬ִӺζƺͬ˴ûġʹУҲ֪˵ǵãǲǵ˰
ġͬΪã㵱ȻҲãԣʵŮġ
һ¾ˣβŲŵ˻ô֪
Ϊҵһμ񣬾鲻ԽؽģҲ˵ãУôġҲǡ
˵
һһ֤ݣ㣬ú񡪡˵ǵԪӦһĸͬã
˫ֽգ΢΢ЩؿҲʼҵżһǴáƺǵطΪȴԱԼֻǵʱһȤҲûУԸûôעǸ˵ʲôԼ
ǣŮΪʲôҪң󲻽ʹ
룬Ҳûа취ɣעò㣡֮Ȼƫ㣬»ΪʡĸҲԸԼܿ࣬ԸŮܿ࣬ҲҪɾĹҵΪ
ҲţҲţԸţԸţôĹ¼ȴԼĸɵôĵĽȴǱⰲų
ǣСŮصСŮ
תͷһ˵ŮҵС񾻡
ô˽
˵ȻҲ֪֮ɽϣ⣬ֻ֪ʱҲűߣҲҷ֮ⱱģǰҲַȥġ۾¶»ܰ
һһع֣ȴͣס󣡡
Ҳһ񣡡
ֽϵȥҲģǻϲҾȻǡ
˫һĵˣ
һʲô
⼸һֱһ£ƺڲϼһͷһ˵һȷˡ㲻ҲΪεģҾ˼
ʲôضŻϲص
ʮּ֪ǺãڵתȦ˫۾ת
ת󣬵ҵ˼˵ڸжڻϲҸڿ֣Ķ£ղŲΪϲҪԺҲܾˣ㲻ģҲѽ
üͷôж£
ǸƸеˣѵֻ𣿡ΪȻص
ǣ֪ԼŮҲ֪梣Ҳֻʱϲ
ѵܳãжͲԣ
Ҳλϲһ£ѵܳãΪ벻
СѵҪ˲˵𣿡Щˡ
ֻǵˣߴһɲʹܵġ˵Ϊ񣬱͸ˮģźÿѵǰɬÿ𣿡͵͵ؿѾӨ͸Сˮᵴɫʣƺȥ߮һ
ԼĻϲУ΢΢¶һĨ΢ЦҲôˣ㿴ЦˣŽ
ȴƺһôЦˣôźã
ЦǺΪʲôЦ
ԣȻ񣬻û񣬶ЦҲҲԸɾͻˣ֣޲ĨȥЦݣǰ
֣ˣЦЦôˣЩδ̫ظѵһֻһָ𣿡
üȴԵúż
б˾һۣ֪Ȼҵʱ˵νĳã㾻ʹҶҲǲǲԸҽǲңüһ˿ϲ
ȻǸˡ
еŲأ˭ҺˣŮȻԸǷ㣿ɻ㣬ȥˣĲԸأ
ɫ䣬ҧŴ㡪
ŭ˵
ǲ죬Ȧתȴǿز£ӯӯӣһӾͳˣĻ
ĵؿֿǸֻľˣҿвңģǲǣɶ񣡡
һңҲǵԼְˣָܿ˵ҵĹأ
Ϊ˺󣿡Լǰѱı޲þȥؿڲźã
ҲΪæ⡣
ƽһҲûãҲΪˣͨˣŲֵأ
ԣԣͶˣӵ
ݺݵصֵãϲ࣬ЦΪ˸ˮأУڿþֻǸϲҲ㡭
һһš
ܲмһָһڵأѪ
һŭ
㣡ڲ֪ŮŮˣһҲԭǸˣǾϲˣʱһ͵ھԶ𣿵ʱ̥תľϿ˼һЩŮӺãȶãŮ
󱼵ߣ£ΪֹѪ˾Ļ򾻣Ƴص˵⻰Ҳûãֲϲ
Ǳؿһۣ޺ȥ
ʳָطѿ˿ڣ˿ϣһʺѪȴϡ
󣡡Ȼˣѹ𣿡
ҡҡͷûС
Ҫ㿴һĵˣҲȻ˸ĸֵܣж𣿡
⡣
Ǹˣһ룿
룬ҡҡͷҲ֪
˵Ĺ£һֱԼı֮𣿡
˵Ĺ£
һץסС֣
ʲô
һѰһ㲻Ҳİ취ѽᶨص

ߣ1

ŮϲطɳһССȻһ޵СһȼյĻ棡
һһλܿĺ컨ҶһССȴôʢǿȴǸϣ
Ů޿Ųɾ鼤ǳѩĹͣǾΪСɳĮɳأ
ϣѽϣҲǰϣɣ
ˣŮڻ̲סҪ߷ˣȻЩӣ˵㣬ǣȴƺӳĬˣҸӲԸŮ޶ӣҪŮ뿪ɳĮ˵ﲻԭǸ԰ļ԰Ҫȥ׷õڣϣģ
ĥĥشСųಲöˣҲӽ׳ˣɾȴǺܲá
ˣ㿴
Ů޾ϲؿɳĻ̧ͷҲϲؿŷˡ
۾һŮ޵ÿ𣿡
Ȼÿֻǣôһ껨
룬ŮеĿ⿴ŷˣص͸ǵǲǣ
񣬰βŵ͸һ˵ġ
ˣ
Σ˼ѵؿڣȻϲ뿪ҡҲ¸ңһҲúܺãҾͷˡ룬͵ϱȥ
ˣôܡŮæվҪߡҲҪߣҪߣǾһߣ
ҡҡͷת뿪
Ůؿŷȥָʶش껨ĬĬ
ǾŮޣָűֵŮޣص
Ůޣɲͷһڷ׳Ůӣ˾Ȼôϲأ۹ȻǺرѽ
ôʲô𣿡Ȼ˷ܡ
ҲİɣԼ̫ڲ԰ˣ
㿴ôϧǶСһŮǰĵһ仨һˣ㲻Ҳ𣿡
ʲôø˵ģûжȤ
Ȼ࣬ˣǿǶСȴǾϣСһο
ΪȻصǣΪʲôҲ֮ɫⲻ˵ôֹۡ飡
Ҳ°̾
㻹ȥתͷص
һȥŶҪҰϧҲﲻ˵ġҲ΢üͷ
ۣ㲻ȥˣ
ҵȻȥˡؿ
󡰺ߡһڿ˵Ů޵ĺãȴֲȥҲ˼Ǩ𣿡
˼Ǩֵص
ҿɲǸɡҧ´תߡ
æȥ󣡡
ͷضܣʱɣǲҲԻأ
ˣҲǡ
㲻ʲôһģңŮޣʱɣȻҲңǲϲģŲŮ
Ц󡪡
ߣȷ񻹲أǾǰ˵ҵĺã˵ЦҲβסϵķ߷֮ɫ
ˣ
ҲŲһ£Ʋ
תǰ㡭еϲˣ
΢΢
һϲˣǲǣǣô˵ŮޣΪϲŮ𣿡
ѵ㲻ϲŮ𣿡ôķϴûһ˿Աȵ
Ҵûϲ󣬱˵סҪߵ󣬻ҪرߣˣôҲϲңʵҲǸһעı࣡
ʲôҲϧҲ˵ٻǾʡ
ϲ˷ˣĸ硣
ôᡭǲܳΪ˼Ҳˣ
ǣòܳ׵ġŮﴴģȻҲŮĵǣѶϣݸ飬Ҫ
ǣҪĲܣҲ뿪Ҳá΢΢едص
ǷҲϲŮ޵ģֻ֪ԥŮޡ¶һ뷨룬񲻸ŮʹǾԶһѵΪʲôöҪأָűֵķˣ
˵ŷŮ޶չˣΪȥǶԸɳĮ¡
ȻԼֱһ⣬ͷһȴˮ
󣡡ֱ˫ҲԼģ
ͷһ
󣡡ӻͳǸɳĮ񵽵ġõ塱ʯطŽСϣ㿴ҲһĻŮɳĮҵһʯͷûȴģ
󶨶ؿϵġõ塱ʯǶСС޵ʢĺɫ䣬͸СϣԵ÷ȼյĻ棬ҪȼڻͷļƵġıһ㣬һӶǿõʯ
΢΢һЦһֽסٷŽ
̧ͷסὫĴظеĴһůҲϴˡ
ֻӿ죬ûΡȸеʣ־İ
󣬵ȥغòã
ҡҡͷȥ
ʵ㲻ȥҲ֪ϣȥ¸ҵһ㣬ɱĶ࣬еʱԼģ뿴Ҳ

ߣ2

ļʧԭмˮͱһ΢΢ײţ΢΢رߵţһȦһȦ
ؾڻһ룡
׷ƽȵ๲ͬԸǣȴܣܣ뱣һ̲΢΢ҲĲۺʹ𣡵ͬʱҲһַǷ
ؿЦ󲻽΢΢졣
ϲؽеǶô
Ӥǰ͸ͶĹ⻪գһ˫Ŀأƺ˵飡޳ݵˣԼ̬ˣҫ۱ˡ
ҲؿǰôĲôݳǷŨüӢˣһ˫͵˫ϲõĹâƺǴɢô
أ֣ȥһһģӱӵͣӶͷգشƺ̽е档
һӵɴۣһ̬峺˫ƺŮ֮飬ֻڸһԼеֵﲻӿһ󲻿죬漴־ȻľٶҲҲǴûйǺʵİɣԾͷԼһһش
ִϷ۾ȴճնƺδġЦЦң㣬ʲôоѽ
һһӲŴѹһգųĽëصġ
ҵȻģѵм٣Ц
ǸˣȴʵʵڵġѪ⣬񻹻ᶯǿڻᷢƤҲôůҵָȣҵָҲŷȡġüҲõ΢΢üƺ֪ôǡ
ѵп𣿡ֵص
ǿҲšǣҿΣȴûоɫ֮УЩա
˵񣿡
ҧ´β
룬ûǹеĽ˵ҲһЩǵ˵ɣ˵Ҳã
ӯӯδΡ˵þһ˵Ҫ紵һȴشζеĻ
Ҽ𣬾һţûмκˣҲûκҡСȴӡ޸ĸֵãͣ񶼲Ըҽҡ˭ᰮңҲ԰˭ģñԼСС飡Ǹôġ֣ûмκ˭飬ȻţôϿɽˣ
ǣһǰˣ˼һעҵ˵ʱʱ̶̿߶һ𳤴ֻǣǷ磬һʱ¶Ԫ񣬻˵ǻ¶Ԫʱ򡪡Ҳ֪ҲԸ⣬ǰ¶⣬ΪǵĽеʲôΡȥҴңһ仰û˵꣬ˡʱ˵ҪԼҵʱȴʲô˵
ʱÿ춼Ҷߵ˵ϲһ𣬻ҡ
ʶ˻֣Ҳ˱ů飬ͬʱҲ˺Ĵ̹ᡭ뿪ˣ
ҲסΪҲֺùʹ޹ǣջǲܲˣȥҴҡסץסҲǰеĲƺȥ׷Ѱǰõ磬ȴע׷Ĳ
뵽һҵĿƺεȥҵᡣǣȴ̲סֹĺãҵĲãɾǲֹͣᣬƲסԼԼҲᡣ
˵Ҷ˵Щʱ˵ܻһֻۣ꣬Ҫְ꣬Ϳͣ
ǣûʵֹĻֳԪʱȴҲֻԶԶվţҶϡǸʱףǿɼġʱġ
˵ĶǼٵģ·Ұˣ˺ܾãҲһ㣬ԼȻעˣôܹǣȻϲΪʲôҪƭѵֻ·ң˵һ仰Լįһ㣿
һأǺܾˣҲˡһֱ֪˱ˡ벻ȻģȻȻӦҲûΪϣǸɲҪһһˣȻķΧƮǲЩǹδ˰ɡѾ⣡Ҿڹ¼һףҲܼϣڱˣעˣҲֲ˱ˡ
ȲҲزס֣Ҳ尾ôһ꣬ͨˣ
ǣʱҲ֣һʱ䣬ȻʹһĵйıǵһɶֻΪһ˿ֻΪһ˼ļįӣһֻţţǣҲǲܼҲĻοԼȴǰοˣһ򣬾ֻܾ
ĵ˵ţƽƽ֮ȴβסıˣϾôĵУȻΪǣΪúˣʵȻƴƴᣬˡصסأ˵鴦̲סصǰʪ½
󣡡ΪĨȥյˮ۵ˮۿʪʪճסĳĽëʹʣ
ǰ§ס§ڻԼ£Լǻİȥůοþã˶˵
㲻ѹҸղһ£ҾһпܶŮﰲŵġ

ߣ3

㲻ѹҸղһ£ҾһпܶŮﰲŵġ
һ˫ʪ۾ЩŮȻѡ񣬳˿⣬Ҫ㡣֮˵޸ĸ¼ˣٰŷ㣬ȻҲǲڻ£ңҿǸҲߵġ˵ν񣬶֮ǰ˼һֱǷ˳ҲһûˮôܾͳΪЩⰲţʹģҪΪְ𡣡
ˣü֮¶ɵɫ
˵ǲǣ
˵ĵôһ¡룬ոռ˵㣬ȴѸٵӿϣˡʵѾǺܾòؽˣҵԽԽˣѵ֪ǧ𽥸ɺ𣿡
Ȼ˾ᵽ£ǴϵɳĮҲǽγɵģһ֮Ȼֻǵ
ǣΪʲôҪأ
ҡ
㲻֪Ϊƾıô㲻Ѿ𣿡

ǸˣǼǸпеһǲǣ㿴֡ҸҲġģڸмʱڿʱҸʱҪģҲҪ㱯ٴαԼҪԺΪ˰Ϊ˿ֶᡣҪ㶮ҪȥѰҿ֣ѰҸ̳ߣܻа취ġҲҵֻһӣҲϢһϵĵ̫ˣ㲻ɣԲŻƣ룬ŻΪԼİŻԼְ㱾һ価ְ飬֪ԣҪ֣
ͷ΢΢һЦޱߵĳȻֱ֣ۣ漴ֻ˳ȥ
ȥƳȴȻֱ񱻵һ㣬ʹ̣ʱԵڵء
һ㶣Ҫȥȴһ
ģ
ӵ̧ͷƳһȻͳߣ뵽ղ磬֪Ƿ
͵̧ͷ
һץסֽ֣סؿ
ģ
һӳԼ֣Լµһǳǳĺɫۼʲô
񿴿Լŵ˫֣꣬ģҴûǹ㣬˻˵ģûйʲôɣҲûбѹ㣡ֻǡ
һ仰û˵꣬ȴƮϽģҪǲѡҲܿԪʧˡ
ŷʧĵطÿζ
ӵ𣬼æסҡҡ׹ƺʱͻᡰ顱صҪ󣬵ô
ѣѣһйȻﰲŵ𣿡¶һ˿
󣡡ĵؽС
ģҲŲأȻңʲô˵
󣿡غӿµĵǡ
ԣ񣬹ϲͨˣŮ㣬ֺαضģΪһǺüˣ
͵Ťͷȴվǰȫ䱸
󲢲̧ͷҲ˵ֻƺԼָعæס
ɳһЦ˻ʣҲб±
ŭ˵
ɽŵҲòűֲ˺
˵ţߵߣ΢΢ȥ֣ģˡ
̧ͷΣ
ʲôʲôǼʮ겻ˮҲ˼Ҫ뽵ˮˣҲһûģ
ʲôô
ڣˣѵ𣿡
΢̣Ůģǲǣ
ҪԸŮģȻôҲһʧЩֻҪһ仰ҾͿ԰γ㲻ϲˣ
Ϊңһж𣿡ʡ
ȵѵľʹŮ˲ɣ
ЦȻ
ھҪȥŮ洹
ɵãȥȥս𣿡
Ƥ΢΢һ£Ĭһ£ȥ
ûгĹ
ͷУ󣿡ȥ֡
ȥҲҲܺðɣɵ
ȻãԺң뵽͵סһı
ַſվߵߣ߰ɡ
У㲻Ըߣ㣬㾿Ҫʲôѽæȥ
Ҳ
ɺֽƿЯ֣ȥ
æԶԶظš

ߣ4

ŮڴŸ裬¼赸̡֮Ҳʦİ£Ը߸衣ַϳŮķΰ
֣ɣõճŮ洹ÿ䡣
վŮҲʮɡЩ࣬Ȼһ£ŮûʲôɲĵˣҲָˡ
ŮϹЦĵضƱһڡ

Ůﲻ֪ôȻ΢΢üͷʵѵǾˮã
ŮҲͷŲδľƱ͸Һ΢ɼ̾˿Ͼûɡҡҡͷ˵ȥ
αżأչҪָЩӣӦûᡭæοֻҲֻŮԼСŮǺ͹а
Ůͷٺһڣ۾񶼲ȫڸϣֻ˼Ʒűơ
ڹСǧĿͻȻŵر˻޵ա
ʲô£Ůﲻյ
С񿴵߶
ʲôŮصƣ
һֹ֣ס˸裬˹⡣վڰɽƽ֮ɴżСٶм䣬ƺһŮʹŮΪɻ
ˣŮһŮŮ鲻ԽǰôǡŮһǿɾȻЯ֣Ǵδй𾪣
վסһŮ洹ĻԻͣŮӣѵľͲܳ𣿡
㡪ŮʹͻȻٶһʱ˴ǰһֱزҲûŮơ
ԱߵԣæǱЮ֣
עĿĽȻһУһΪѣ΢΢촽
ŮȻ򣬵ɣ㾹Юҵġҵ㾿ʲô
ŮЦǲ˵ġŮʰԼҲ֪һˣҽģʹ㲻ͬ⣬Ҳǻߣ뿴һôʹͬŻµģ
ʲôŮﲻŵؿ󣬵Ҫ
Ҳеģ
Ҳǰ˺ü
ɫûб仯ɨһŮ
Ůŭɣſ񣡡
ȴƫƫ̧Я֣˿漴ԼֱסϣǻĳϵĲ¡ƺʾƺڱʾܣ΢΢ЦŮҷſҾͷſҲҷſأ
ŮֻǵͷŻԼֻ֣ɱ˵ұۣڵһ㿴˵ӡ΢΢ӵվһ㣬ɣ㻹ǺúӦĿǰľɡ
΢΢һЦлĶĹػ
ŮȻ֮俴ȥУȴҲԵزܡղһ仰ûʲô飬ֻʵֲɣȴҲŮǡ
ŮһһۣȻͰںƣֻһ£һɽ
ƺ׼Ѹٸ߷ɣֱ죬˫趯һʱޣһʱȴֿ»Ұܣֱ
û뵽ɾ˶ԸԼķӣȻѽһ㣬׵Ҳֻһֱ׼ȷػϣҲȻ
ΧƺҲЧ󣬿ܶǲȫ˽ɵǰæңһʱռĹƣ
һԾؿţϲûκβ
ŮȻԾʾҲȷܽȻҲ⡣
ΧŮһ£ǸͨΧסɣȦԽԽСɿȥҲԽԽ֧ˣҲƺСȻȻһԾҡһ䣬ָ˱Ρ䵽Ҷ߲ĵϡ
һӾʧȥɵټ֮£ȴ޴Ѱһʧ
Ů˫ĿѸɽɨɨȥҲԷɵ㼣ֹͣɽάҪ֮ŰΧݵĻᡣǣʱҲκջͬŮﶼǲҵˣЩɥ޿κΡ
Ůܾɵֻ֮ݰѰ
䲢񣬵Ҳ۷׷ף˵һƬǴ֮ŮҲЩŭü
ҿװ׵رˣ
ҲˣأȻαҪô͵Ů洹ȫܣݣ
̫ˣĿŵغһѵм٣οǲȫɣǻΪҪòˮôĿҶǺڲҵССɣ
һҪأΪʲôȫɣôֻһԹۣΪʲôóʱԭԽпҶһնģ
С񡭡ʱæСֻǣֻǿһԣ͸ееϢû뵽û뵽ģοһѵҪ֮ɽ๤ɣ
ؿŻ񣬲ڵѵϲ񣿡
ôϲˣҪеĶͷҲŲᡪ
ŮҲ⻰û壬Ȼô񡪡
ǣıãջǡô죿ܲһƬĶϢһء
δ𣬵ȻԪˣΪʲô˵ֱӾˣ
Ǹô˺ֺۣ˵ʲôģοһ򶼲ЩȻҲ񿴵ŮϬĿ⣬Ͻסڡ
񣬾ȥ
һʱһˡ

ˣ1

ѵظϵɽʱѾձ񲢲Ů洹ָ֮ϽرϧûĴڡҪȥһ𣿻ʲôΣգǽȴûа취ֻһģֻѾֱرغš
ػǰˮƺҪ˼ǾӨ͸ıˮĽ廹ڻصţƺҪذ
أˮڲƺʲôĵؽƽ
ֻãȻ͸Ŀ͸ǿģҪʲôأѵķԼȥ׷ѰһʱɣԴ˴ﵽŮﱨĿ
վ˫ֱɵɵصء
ˮ澹΢ļţײųأƺҪ
ôˣѵʲôΣ
һֵҫţССĳӣϢĹââʮֹңƺˣҪշˮȴڻļһע⵽ˮȴƺһЩ
ô£
ԽԽǿҵĺ⣬ˮλȷ½ڲϵ½Ҳһʹ
ô£ѵҪݽ𣿿ǣûмɫʲô仯ѽڡ
һڰգ
ôԣģôܵļ尾˭˭ַ˭ĥѵŮﾹɶץסڶʵʩͷǣˮλ½ͼ٣ȴŮﲻܻ£
ôһˣһΣˣ
Ҳ̲סæǣɿر˱
ĵɽرȴֲ֪ȥֻɽǻȴֲԸ˴ţ˾͵ϷһƫƧڡ
ƺܻҲڵıֻǱĶȴȵġ
ʲôڣһ㲻⣬Ҳ֪ûгιҲûʲôԵĵط
ɫĹǽͱǡ෴ḡַҡֻȴƺҲֵ裬ֻǲмƳһۣͣ½Ų
Ǿζģֻôνס˽ţ붯ҲԼˣΪʲôˣɻڱŵ״̬أǻ粻أҲǽ̫ˣҲ̫ˣҲǹ¼̫ˣһжѳϰ߰ɣʹɣ֣ҲܲˣҲҪܿİɣ
ͷɥشŮ洹صԼĴĻĸ
ǣһԼǽŵһӰָеϢܣ־ҲӿͷʲôԸģ֪ԼŮ˵Ļ
ʱ˻ģ޴࣬ҪͷҶŵĻ岻սǺµĻǼ˷ܣԼҲֲ壬ͷ˿־嵹ԽԽˡ
ƺδԼæ΢΢ӣϸϸƺΪɣ֪ĳ빬ʲôأǸɿݵӣ
۲˰죬ʼղʲôҲͽתת飬ϸ룬
һֱߵǰҲû̧ͷֻǻشͷ˼Щʲôڳ빬ɫĹǽӳ£ǲӣӵӡգҲգأȻǶǣѹڵһۿʱ򣬶鲻ԽȻʧ
ڸղżһҲòȷôȻĳ鰮һЩСάˣֻǣ뵽ǷߺޣʲôأڷĴŮάҲͰˣЩСҲһϷʵڽһòѵòĹˣ
վǰǸûһ£Цһ
̧ͷͷһȴͲڿǰĿãȻԽԶƺʲôҲûлΪŭصٺһʹһۡ
ʲôѹԼķŭ
Ƴһۣĵ⣬ǣվߡ
㣡ΪŭƲԼǰһסߣ
΢΢תٴ߹ȥ
һһܣֵǰ֪ʲôط߾ô𣿡
΢΢üһۣ˭ʲô
һЦһǻ񣡡
񣿡ͷĹǽĵصĳ빬
Ƥ˼£һת˸飬ЦҪȥ𣿡
ĬĬؿһۣΪʲôȻıҲǺܲȻҲ⣬Ҳ仯ĺ壬ڻǰ棬˳빬
빬ףһƬ죬ȶȺܸߣǸȫ෴һء
Թ£ֱ㶵ضס㡪Ǹӵȥˣ
òֻǻ˳빬ƵĻͱԼĻ磬֮Щͻ綼鲻ԽظԼΡˣǳԾСﰵƽϣʹɫµĻͻСֻ߽ȥ
һתˣҪˣ
Ҫߣæ
ʲôվſסԼȥ·ص
㻹װأ㲻һҵѵ֪ʲôΣΪ㲻ﶼţѹҵѵ͸ƵĲɣ
ô
˵أҵҪڲܿǲģſ³ֱ࣬ܶȥ
󲢲⣬ֻǵ絽ߣȴҲǰһͽ
üջػ࣬ԭȻǼװģͶ磬ȴ
󵭵ؿһۣ㱾˲ңȻһû񡣲ҴǿȥżɰˣȻ⣬Ҳ޻˵
Ƕͷǻʲô˵Ƿŭ֮߶ƽһСݣһͭǽڵķյСݡ
ˣ޴ͱŻСңվСмĿյϡ
ЦʼѸСܶ࣬ĻʱͽСΧס
ܿ죬СݾͱȡȴһվţƺûʶΣգҲƺֻǲ÷
Це㲻ΪҶһ취ҲûڣСݾһ죬ݲʹڴˣٻԶس׵ɥʧ

ˣ2

Це㲻ΪҶһ취ҲûڣСݾһ죬ݲʹڴˣٻԶس׵ɥʧ
Ծɲɫܶǻƣ˵̣ۣܿӨ͸ƤҲʼ죬ͨ죬ˮҲϱ漴ӷ
ԽԽҵش߶Ȼûз磬ΪСܣܲ͸СݡٺЦվҪ£ҪɳһͨС񣬶һսȫʧȥŮҪѰҺһڵҲ֮󣡶ʱʱ˵κĿƣ˵ٻȶʹܺŮ￹һˣ
뵽ˣĵ֮Ǳǣ͸ŻľףѾͨ죬ҾȻѾήɥ࣬ˣѾˣ
һλңһƿŻҡҡ׹ۣ˫ִ࣬Ϊ⣬ɽ񣡽ĩˣû뵽ȻԼ
ֻûѵĿ쳣ķǿȴƫƫɱǼҵĻڻ𣿲𣿻ΪôаĻͳŮﴴ磬ݱꣿ
ţһߣ˫ĺ˫ۣסεĻ
վſڣǺȻ͸˫΢΢һ漴мصͱˣѾɥʧôʱ䣬Ҳû㣡㣬ȻԼܵ
ԼҲеЦԼΪ񣬾ȻԼˣڸѷʹҲԼĩյˣҲΪԼʧȥյıˣΪְ𣬲нյĥѰɣнյĳͷɣЩԼҲʵڲܿƵģ׳㱼ͺȻʶΪʲôŮôءĥȴԭҲϣܱƵ״ɣֻǡ
ֻǣһжˣһжѾ
ͷͷǲǾͿЩŮ衱޾ĿѣŮǿӸĿʹŮｫְĽǧֹ꣬
ǣȴеѸСˣˣܻͷҲزͷҲãҲùǣҲضرҲѿʼ׷Ƶĸӣһо֪ʶعȥɣ
ܾؿ񣬾ƺһҲɾǿվţͦļӵƽƺ͵һ̵ĵǣѵˣΪǲģҼʹŮôܷŹ
һЦȻ壿
˻𣿡
ΪڻҵĶ𣿽ƽСңͽգҲû֪
𣿡޶Ե΢΢ۣŻ
ģͶҿ㲻ٽĥΪҵūȥ ΢ЩҪͺȣʤĿ⣡ǵһûκηӦ
ɴŭôΪû𣿡һ䣬һֱ´͸Өһһ¾͵ڵϣ漴ڳȵĵϻΪС
𣿡
ĳ漴ɢƮһ£ҲŻζһ¡
ڶˣ㻹ģһ㾭ܸҵļ尾ݺݵص
ۿɷĻ񣬵صҪֶΣ
ŭһСݣһ֣Żһؿ֡
һһŸӳȵǽڡӸΪ죬۾ҲͨһƬᷢţƺţȴƺû⡣
վסǰͨ񣬿¸ΪͻԳӣͷһͷȻǰһץס˫磬˫۵Ļʢ񣬵ãã벻ʹһˣǡ
޿˵󿴵ȼյĻаһæеҪʲô
˵أɻŮףҿ빬ҵŮūˣһҪΪҵġĳȵ˫ϴȥ
ƴͷ˫һӽ޳Ĳһ̵ʹһŭڵ𣬷ƿһƺڻϡ
һԻĸоĻһξԭĸоҲǺˬŭ㣬һһӱ˺ѣ¶浥͸ͨļڽ׵֣ʾƽʱȫͬҵĸһӱ̼øˣ˫۳ѪѪƽʱ緢Ļ涼طһе˹ȥ˵ڵأһ޺ȵ촽ס
ƴֻûҪˣǣĵıǱȽһĥʤڽʹ࣡ݺݵץסͷϻͷƴǻ潫۰˫ճһͨĽ̿漴ֽ
Цŵͱˣң˵һһԺҲõ㣡
ԼµսƷҲ࣬Եв
˿صΪһںҵΪһᵣŮҵ𣿺ߣ
㵱ȻصģӽҲĴڣһΪư˼䣡ЦţסһһʧȥеҪԶң
ͷ˫֣ץԼ½ȥܻµ˫֣ȴؿԼ˫硣
Բ۵ļͷ;ߵʹûΪ͵ȥݺݵҧȥ
ҽһǻķߺ޺ȵʹҲԳܣһӻʹȥ

ˣ3

΢΢̧ͷ񱻳ҵĻȾø޵˫ͷȥ
ô󵨣
һŭȼһ޴ĺ¡ûĶסæŤͷһС⾹վŸߴɡ
һ㶣ɲݣ١һЦɣ㾹ܵˣ
ɲȻŭ㾹ַ㻹Ҫ
Ҫַ񣬲һҪϴӴʧҪȥֻŮҲ㣡ŶˣϲģѵҲĵģǲҪֻϧӣСݾĴ죬ʹԶʧȥ
޳ܣ㻹νأխʹı˼ͰһСݣһСоǸıңֻϧŮﲻ˲ҲԲ˺񣡡
ЦֹܽѿʧȥеŮҲܺܿҵһôȵǧҵѲŮܹƵˣ
һ£Ǻãһ빬еĻ磬ֻʣСݣΪ񱨳𣡡
һ֪£æСݣִСţվ⣬ݺݵصɣٹһͳ׳ΪһСҪҲûãֻҪҼһᣬҲûʲô㶯ĵˣҲֻòԹ֣㵽ôأΪһϴ㣬ķԸŹ𣿡
ɣ
ҪõҪǻٵֻҪòǶͳ磬˵˭ɣһ֣Сܡ
ŭգٳɣ˫裬Ѹͷ
һٷģл棬ɡź˼
ЦԭˣԼҲղźôսһãھȻսңǲ
ҧȫΧס񣬲ȥ˼Сݡ
ȻҲ֪ɵĿģȴ⣬ֻҪһҲûκɼʹҲشһҲ˷ټɵشŮһʱɣ
ɺͻڽţ˫͸ǽյţСһҲƺ׸ĸѱ͸ĺɫﻹǾӨ͸;ˣɲоԼĹʹֻ࣬٣ֽǺͱܣ֪ԼҪ֣Ҫ˸ŻעҪ˽ԼҪֲˣֻҪ˴ȹѺСݵţͿԼٲȻˣϧЩСѾڸղһȫ𣬶ңҲûȥȻš
֪ǰĽģϧȴѾǶˣҪֻĻ棬ֻʹûˣֻվԶԶأʹؿİĥΪ񼸺Ҫˣƴؼٵؾ͵ת֮ɽĵҶҳɸ߿գֺϸᣬʹĥ޶ȵʾ
ƣߵؿżķҲĮȻ֮Ůüһ˵΢΢һЦҪɹˣΪ֮οٵͷϣܶ
񡭡Щǵصȥѵ
Ůƣرָۣһ㣬üӦҲ
ǡֻ˵֣ŮѾתˡ
еɾȻȥѱڻΧС۹ƳԶĸ߶ķΪ⣡񿴵ˣȻҲûвԼУɼԼ͵õʱԸ׷ŹˣԼٶСݵΧ󲿷Թˡ
ֻܹ˵ᱻʹҪѣֹ˼ˣɽ򶨵֮ʹϵһǣǶȥ
һˣԽԽĴסһʱáȴҲΪʹֹͣ˹
һӰ빬񲻽һѵ⡭ɳѬʹ˫ۣǿ˭ƺڳ빬ߣͷĲӬ㡣
ɼо˻Ƶغţ󣡡
˻ʣȻҵϧʲôãֻҪһ棬ͻᱻճһľ̿ȫʧȴѹ˲ô࣬е
ڴ£ȫŭգһž޴Ļֱҧʹһǣͷȥŭѹȥŭɣˣ㻹ӵˡ
ȻӲˣҲ˺񣡡ɻڿһСƺҪۻǼҲѱ˺öپлסԪ˵ˡ
˳ɵϹɺͻƺƴȫšǰСݣ϶󶨱ҲֻյСݲʹ񣬲ʹͲԼס
Ҳж˾һˣɴϢŴЦʲôأٷĶԸС˯񣬶ֻҪȫҪʹɴܾͿԴȫʤˣ

ˣ4

һеȥȻţһӾյƤ⣬ʹʹҪʹȥ뵽ڵֻһֻʣͷ֣ͷϵİ¡ķëͽµǾˣʱһϲ׾ع˰ùָȥץǣ׼ţȥ
Ӧ
һƳ֮䣬һٶСݼӴݵ߶ȫһҲܶ
ð½ȫסݣֱߡ
󣡡÷ëȥ˵ļͷסٱյʹ࣬ƿͷϵİ£§ԼѸٵشԼʪ촽סѵ촽
ڣɫ̽СݰΧһƺҪۻķ
ֻûһƬ͵ѣߵ˫ĿĹâɳһôģ
Լһ˫׹צ·ļ䵭ָԭȵɫҲ̹һֱġ
ܸңЩԻ󣬿ҲѵӣҲֳ֮ɫع滷Ƶǽڣ֣˾Ҳܵ
ǣʧټһصǣؿѡҲеһĳȵʹ࣬Ҷʹܸͬܣ֪㶨ǳˣҾʹǣ׷Ϲãû
ܵţţ󿴵ϵİ¸СɫΪƺ潫ǵıɫΪ
ĵľʹצὫҪðΪ塣ע⵽־ֻʣͷͷһֻҲֻʣͷղժģɴʧɫæƴǲܡ
ҡͷǰ£Ů޴ǧֶͥҰ͸㣡Ůһһ߷첹ɵİģҲǧ͸İģ͵İǷëǣǲᱻճɻҽӦҲõģУϣܸܵ½𾴺Ͱ⣬ϣ㡭
УǷˣģЩҲܽЩ
ֻҪ㲻ҪУ
Ҫժ°µ˫۶ѳ˰׹ǣĿҲѽݽæе
ִҡͷһصժԼʹس֮ϡؿϵƤѸٿ䣬ںڵ黹գѽգģȻȻȻֻһ˲䣬ֻʣһҰ׵ĹǼܣ
˻
Ũҵ̻Уصİ£Ǹķë裬ѻ˿ָ˫֡
ȥ§סǸǼܣؿŹͣȵһûѪĿݹǣһûĿݹǣļײţǲļķҲ̲סʱӿһһεع
Ѿ˺ܾãֻСݻûа㶯ļ١СûȻ͸ҲʤȯˣӴʼɷˡ
ﰵãҲأûڻʹƴҲ޼ˣôֻеȵԺ񱨳𣿿ǣҪӴ֮ҲԭǸסӨγ𣿲У񣿶ҲŮ
ɾ˻شҲҪٲľأĻȥ
ʯ٣һæȫĻ棬ʹòķľҳ档
ɲԣ׺ݶ˿̸⺧ˣλɢĻºͱ
мܵס˷ĽһʱˣһֱСݣǱͻСĻɷˡ
һƴһӣԸһйһǷ֪һߣҲ˿ҲϷɣ
ʯ֮䣬˶úľʱռϷ磬ȫĻΧɡھͻȻһųеȫĻҺڳ۱ѳƬƬһƬƬҶڻСΧܿг˻ҽֻʣɵ
ɣҲн죡
ֲЦڿյĳ빬ص£ͻȻȻֹԾؿΧĳɫСݾһӷֱ׻Ĵˮӿʱ빬ĸ䡣
ţһ硣
ľӨ͸ˮ֮еСݵķﻺϲǻ֮£ȴһɫĲС鲼ɵţ伫׶ªȴǳڵľˣֱֻۼȴһݹǼܣɫ壬ȴƺ̺һĽҪľ޴ıߣ
ԾزԼ۾һʱܻ
ɳӣѸٵشӻ˼ڰȽȽĹʶĿľĶǣ뵽Լĳªһһ󼤶ȴҲڿԷˣѸȥ
ɢеı˵Ϣϸȴãã಻İˮӵ谭ǰе˲ͽڵĳ빬û
ŭ𣬰ˮǣ
ήң飬֪һжˣվСССԡ

ˣ5


ʲôôŮܲ˵صǸʧȥټɵأ
վסʩ񣬵תһȦֻĳ빬ˮˣûãǲģԲŵѰһ
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ôᵽȥأ֪ǲǡ
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æеҿʵ˼򵥣Ե޹ʷôƢģӦϸϸ̽һ°ɣ
Ů̾Ϣô˵ǻָˣǲΪӦÿźã
ﲻôнأѵĻôǡ
ŮһԷ㶵һ֣һȺֵСæϴŮȥĳ빬һ
ǣСһӦŵȥ
һСŻһصίٲȥԪˣʧ
Ůûп񣬲üأ
ͷСǵ빬ʱǣԹˣ
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ŮеԼַܵǽסô˵⵽ô£
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µµĵתת΢΢ǰС񡭡Сҡ
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СعͿˣ
Ǻô£һ棡
Ϣһ󣬶˶С񿴵ֻûлָ޶⣬СɾҲҵĹһԲϣɾͶСɱ֡СڹڲҪ񲻿ϣƫ˵Ҫɺζ˭ɾΪȡҴ󶷸ɸꡣСɣһٱСҲûȫССͨ棬˭֪񾹽ǿסСΣֻþԾҳҪ֮ͨ¡ɱѾһսСûаȡʤġɾҪʱȴͻȻɣСĳ빬ûС˳
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Ů֮ɽİɽϵһĹ£Žʵİ죬ʱûǳȻԵá
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ģġģģҲţҲţҡͷǳңʮֿ־壡ţҲԸţҲţ
ɢ˼䣬Զһ˿һĺۼˣһǱԺһǧԶֻأʹһһŮŵҪʮ˻ʵˣⶼΪ㣬Ϊ㣬ееĸٻҸ֣ȻҲеʹͱѺͷգֻΪ㡪ԶطǧеĻǣҲԶطԼ
ģģѲ֪ӿ
Ѿˣ󷢺˫һСѾͷվ࣬ѵûҪʲô뵽ˣæЩȻԼѡģŮҲӦˣȴ뱾ɵģǶԸͨ񣬼ȻʼٸŮӦÿֹ
ҧۣһۣôңôȻѡģ
ҿԸ㣡һûϵ˻ȻôȻʹϲŭ޳񣬲ͨô侲١ΪǹôЩӣ˻ʵĸѾôˡ

һһ1

ߵʱոΪԿٵȥ׷ʱȴ޴Ѱˣ
ֻмѰ浽֮ɽŮ洹ధŮŮ￴ĳϣȥȥ񡣶Ŀ̣Ϊֵ̣Ůǰ飬еʵϣԴ˴
ǣŮ洹ʱȴֳǰҪȡĻǵظƴԸеŬΪУҲỹҪΪһЩ£һЩԼܼ£䲻Ըߡ
ô
һ˵ڵˣţͷ꣬ڡ
ҲߵģʹѾҲҪߣ
㲻Ҳû취Ѿãû˭赲ң
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˻ʣȻһû࣡ǣϾһ࣬ǲȫԼĵĿ
ĿܹﵽϣԶѹϣܹԼڵΪȨ
ǣˣĻǴĿǿҵٻңҾˣ˵ĲǷˣȻǹʹǰȻ㵽ҵڤȥģ
ôǻ𣿡еɻ󣬰Լһ¡
һЦòԼѾһȻǴκʹ࣬ȻʹĿǣҲôϢġΣʹ࣡ԣڣôأ
ô˵ֻǸңҵڵˣǣ㾿ôĥңҲܣֻϣܹﵽ󣡡
һжŮҲɡ
ô˵ԸʱŹң
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Ȼ׼ˣֻҪ޳ΪԸ⸶еĵ
סΪԼֻǰʾ˻ȴԼװ׵˵˳
Σ㡪һҲڣ
ᣬҲڣ΢΢һЦ̬ô
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ǣҪа취ڻĵļأ
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У˵ĺòףָ֪ʲô
ʲôҶԸ⣡
ôҾȷظ㣡ʹڻеļָԽڵ񾳽磬㽫Ĵǡ㣬˻ֻʣһˣһ׼ȷ˵еΪһĻǾֻʣһˣһҲڣ
ͷʾףԺ¡ֻʣһҾûԺôһʲôҪڵأ
һ֮Ը⣬㡭ڣľеġ
ǣֱվţһؼᶨԼ
һ˼·׸ĺصǿ˻ʣһǧԶϢֻ˴Ϊ˼併ѩ֮һٵĽһｫʮΪˣŮʮΪ˻ʵˣֻʮΪֲлϵȵˡֻǵڶһ㻹оʮԸֻΪڻĵļһ֮ľʮԼԺǧǧżɹ𣿶ңֻʣһ˺㽫ɢҵĵظ׼Ĺõڤʧȥ˻ǣҲûû壬ûʶûκεĺۼϳֹ㻹Ҳ޷İ񣡡Ը𣿡
ҡԸ⣡ԥһһ˵
һΪڻĵļһ񣬴Ӵ˲Ϊʹͱ˶𣿡
ܣҵȻܣʹܣҲڣʹһĲܣҲҪŬҸԸԼеһУ
⣬ͬңɢҲĺۼôϲѵͲߣѵͲԶ㣿㣬Ҳֻ˸Ҳֻʹʱɥʧһ룡Уж֮࣬ٴκѵҲԺΪ˵ļҲлమأ㲻˵ҪԶ𣿡
ѾףԶһġԸ׳ҵУҲҪιһᱻŮͷ
УʹֵãҲϲҲҪأ
ҰҪþеֻѡ
ֻһʱ䣬ôʹɹ
ҧһеڽһ죬ҪŬҲٹӣҪһʹӣ
ֻһ죡
һôһ졭Ҳüܿ컹չüġ
һȥѽң԰һ˻ʣ
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ͷ̾˻ʣܴҲִţôʲôҪҰæ𣿡
󿴿ҵǰϣܰң
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ǡ֪ǰһøïĴӰߡ
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ǣǣϣܹɹôͲܰ¸þãҲϣ
ã֣صͷ
˻ȻǸǴµˣŮ˳
񣬵̸еģ
Ů̾ϢŵͷԸ⸶ĴۣʲôԸϣʱҰʵֵ𣿡
Ůʵںܸ̾˻ʾȻΪһôΪ֮ҲУҪӦǰκҪ
ֻҪӦҸղŶ˵ľˣֻҪԺҪǰԴˣûԸ
㻹һŮѵͲ롭
ҵȻһ棬Ȼôʹڻĵļ
ŮЦҡҡͷһ棬ʵʲôʵʲô͵ǰŵʮ˻ʵɣ
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һһ2

ؿ̾Ϣ˻Ը׳ԼеԼİһж㣬ԼǧҲȫ㣡ҲɸжʲôҪҪܺĸŮͬһյأӦейضĹذ֮ģϸϢԶʧϢ
˵ճմأأȴɢǵıصıѹһܶƺеëϸѲٶҲˣ
ΣҪ˻ʱ𣿡
ؿһۡ
㻹֪𣿡˵һ飬뿴˻ұһйĺۼ𣿡
ȻԥصҪۿΪʲôΪʲôҪ뿪ң뿪ô
ȷȷ뿴˵Ļʱ̵龰Ⱥ͵ʡ
̧ʪ˫ۣؿֻôʱȴһָ׵ĸоȻԼĸף
̾ǲ㿴Ϊã
ҪҪ֪ôʧģʧǰôľУҪʹ˿þûпˡԼĺã
ؿһۣóһڤֵֻܿһΣһΣҲԶ֣ʹӰ񣬶ĻɢҲˣ㻹Ҫ𣿡
һҲһֱ棿
ǣ
ҾͻԶܿǲǣ
ǣֻܿһΣֻܿһΣ
ǾͣǾ㽫ңҡ
Ҳܸ㣬ʵҲûȨ㿴ԥһ£Ҹ㿴Ҳֻ￴
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ţҪǿˣӴԺ󣬴ӴԺҲĴˣ¾ĺۼĴڣΪȫʧһڤͻԶ׵ţ
βԶôᡭ
ᡣֻĻµӰӰҲֻһ꣬˼ĻʹܱٺãҲҪЩʣҪۺϣĻˣ˻ȥһˣ㿴㽫ԶҲ
΢΢ÿߴ򿪱ߵӴ֮Ҳټۼˣ㼴ʹ˼ǣжΪѾκξǣûκμԣʹΪҲǲμģʹҲûѾȥ»ͷǣΪ㸶ĴۣԣҲңԸ⿴һ̣ͿӴ˺ϴûˣҲϴڹҪúչ˺ԼԽҲԽðɣѡʱ
󼱼ڤߣһۿȴǷ̧ͷصôˣ
ûдǷ˻һʱģҲ֪
üæͷȥ
ڤ･Ƕݳˣ
վǷˣҲеĻҪֺοƣʵ㣬˲ʱϣԶټį£ʹɲܡΪ֮ǰ̫࣬²һһһݣһΪܿҲȫһҲᵭȻ̹Ȼҵ뿪˺ôϣ뿪֮չǽҪǰô¶
أȻôȥת˼䣬ܸмʮôؿȥϱˣҲһֱѣ
󲻻ῴʯ
ῴҲ֪Ϊ˵תͰûҲ㡪¼ʹһ͵͵·Ҳܵϳ͵ģ
ǣ֪ԡ
ʲôԣͲӦֻҪʱȥҷȻõѵ㲻
ǣѾߣҲҪߣȻ岻ݴǣ㲻Ҫһ̣
һ̣
ǣһ̣̫
̫ȻǷˣҲΪ˼ĹףҲ̫̣οҲСƣ˵㻹ʲô⣬Ůıʲôʱҡ
ҵ;ֺα˵ģһ̣͵ȸһ죬ʲôģѵҪһ˿һ֣͸𣿡
񶨶ؿʹ飬һ
ڤųճղϽĿӾ뿪һۣ֪ôô𣿡

ʱ˻ɱһô۵ģ

Ҳû뵽˻Ȼɣɻǡһ졯ʲô˼²ţѵĵ˾ͷŮǼһ棿Ϊƺ֪ѽǻϲһ뵽ǧĵȴͲôһ̣Լ˻˿ӣܸģ˻ıΡᡪ֪ôģԼһͲŭҪ˻˼ֻǣôؿԼİ˺ĥܣҲԼվ̲סҪɱ˻ġôʱ̵סʱȴֻ룬ôǲܵ桪ʱҪǸССĹˣķ˵һ䣺ҶԲȣôҾ͵ʧ֮תסʴĵʹ뿪ɵһʱ̲סǻĶʼɺͿȥǣҲȷٴδҪ˻ģֻ˻Լѡʹûл˻Ҳʹûл᷸
ճյĻҪڤ
ҡҡͷ򿪡Ѹٵطų˻Ƿ龰ֿŮİ½ªĹҡȻһۣ˵Ļ£Ŀ۵ģйеģԼԼ
ҹˣĻƺ˯ˡȻһҲ֪Ҳûзһ£ǾۣȻĵ˯ˣ
ڤ˯Լľһ˼ꡭ
ԽԽҹɫЦһ¡
ڤûѪɫӣȻ뵽ʱһҲǰֻһζᣬˮͳУԭǸѪָЩǾѲǣԭʱ仯ģǣԼô
ǺЦȻΣҲһúͲƣ룬߾ۺҸİʹûоиþѵģǴδģҲǿԭµģ
ȴһգգĿƺһҲ᲻ƿƺþԼİŮӣ޲һһεذ̽ԼĿ
ڤ￪ʼصھʱĶԻ
׼꣬ӦꣻֻǧԸ𣿡
Ը⣡
þеԵ⣬ɢе壬ֻһˣȴӴԸ𣿡
Ը⣡ܰһΣˣ
ܻ᲻ͣʧȥʹᣬΪأԶݽ߲ˣǶİݽ߲ˣǧ
ҲܱţҸǸģ

أһķһ˫̧ͷ
һһεأһһεؽп̹ǵİͲڽȫ׸󣬽еġȫġİϧ׸ʱ˿ӵŵ
漴ط˻§סߵرߡؿˮƽ羵ˮӨˮƽزʣм仹һûڻѽ޷ʹ޳ؿǿ漴ȻȻظԼҪԼѪȫѪȥůı䳹ǵķȻĸԸѡңɢôͰԼеѪҲȫķˣҪһۼΧССرһȦѪһεεصڳϣֱ
ûз磬ССȴԼʼЩ΢
񻺻ҡͷɽȥ˺ܾãֻɣ֡ĵһ貵ĹâȲʱҲɢɹâ漴ģأһϢڽɫĿУšˣ׵أǡ
󣬻ӵమĲݵϣֱݵҲʼʧ

һһ3

ؿڤ֣ȴץ˸գӰʧڤҲʧˣ
һˣ
ؿɢؿԶʧһĨǵ΢ЦƺڣǿԼĳ˫ƺڣؿڤʧĵطþõһҲ
񣿡æ޶ֻôһسš
񣿡СʧɫôˣѵǲӦøѵǲܸ࣬Ҫһѽǻô
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󾪻ŵѰңڤҲˣûˣôղ˭ڽң
ڡڣţ͵վ𣬰˫磬صң
Լ¸¶˻ƵڤڵĻȻľ⡰񡱶֣ٵһţ󡱵ķƣѹʧǰ㡭
Ѿκεط
󲻿ԼỬգĨĨҲ޵ģҴӦģҡ
ڤԽԽߵˮλľʮֺԼΪǣԺ֪˽Լڤ϶ԭԼģξ͵ڤعõܵĽѰɣ
Ծʮ˲һһصѰҡ
ֻһ䣬һȣʹѵĸоʤǰκһʹ࣡ӼҪѿҪѳǧƬ
æûܵСǿסЩҪûݵĹּ꣬ɶ޴ȥŮڤ֮
޴󽫸շڤȴŮǼѾ˹ſڣæǰ֮¡
Ůֹ޴󽫵ĻңʾԼѾ֪ˣϵڡ
Ů￴ŻҶѰʲôͷɹʱ״̬ƣֻǣ״̬ΪʲôƫƫϣƣΪʲôĶֲϽܷأԣôɹһˣ
񣡹ϲɹˣŮ񹦴ͼѣȴʹõظڵС͹һήһš
ڿŮæ첽ŮǰϾ˼µڶС̤Ĳҽк
ŮüЩСܵԴ
Ķˣ˻ѾˣˣѾˣѾԶʧˣⶼΪ㣬Ϊ㣡

㲻ҪԼ޳ܿԼģѵҪ˻һƬģҪΪߵĴ𣿣
ƴҡͷ
Ҳ㶵ؿԭ򾲱Ҷߣ
ҪҪҲҪԶʧҪ
УѾ׵ء
ءִطš
ŮۣǰʹرסûбСŮǵҲһӿôģҵСŮô죿ǸƸеˣλΪĳ˼ĲǰԷǰ㸶飬ǣվ̲סľأֻǣΪʲôѳ㣬ȻϴλҪʹ౯̫ײ˻㾿ҲѳɹѽҲҪȥһֻǣһѹôָΰ㣿
ŮůĻţŮظȴȻ뵽ǵһҹǲǷ

ʲôŮͷ۵СʱСȴһ˿ǿϣ
һҹʹǽǷԭʵôô󼤶ѰϢ˵ҧסԼ´
Ůһ⡭
ǿԸģǲǣǲǣ
Ů۵ҡͷǣѾû˻ǣܡ
ǣĻġҲԡѵǰɽлѵ
ЩʵشʵеѽǱлǵģĵĺӣôһӶǣϵأ
ЩôЩʵĶȫأһԵģһ԰ģǲǣ
ŮһĶ֪ԼݺһԳơİǡ
ҵһ˿һ˼ϵĺۼôпܸûлǣҲֻ˲䣬ĻһЩǻþܳ桭Ȼ棬Ҳܳ־ã
ҲҪ󲻹һеص
ǺãҴӦ㣬ֻҪҵ
ԾˮЦݣȾߡ
ŮæҪȥ
ȥĺۼ
αϡʧġŮ￴ѾԽ磬ԥ½ƮȥŮϲСŮ˸еĳ˼

һһ4

ڱţѾܶûмˡ֪̲סȵ˼ȥ˻ӰҲ֪˻Ϊ񸶳УĿֻԽԽԶʧȥĶ
һֱصţˮ˳һɫľӨٲֳһλð磬ɴʱƫƫûģֽô᳦ϣ
͵ת㡭
С񾻾վҲһ㣬ؿЩˮҲƺֻЩʵˮ
ʲô̲סʵ
ûС̾Ϣص
ߣȻûлҪˣѵֱȥ𣿡ҵ˻ĺۼֱȥҪʵ룻ûҵôҲһȥȥġ
ͷǡ
žʵ֪ҵ˻κκۼǲǣ
ǣǶ֪ϣ˻ĻͬһкۼѾȫʧˣҲҵˣ

ֻϣܸЩʱջһıˣϣæµǱˣҲ
ôѰңһĵҪҵôܻǡֻ˾ٻʹѹʹص
Ӧ˻Ҳûа취ֹΪ
ߣɬ䲻ȫǾ˵񣬵ġ
ΪԸܿࣿ
ﻹ
Сһ⡭
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˴ȥ˻ĺۼôҲҵģȻţֻҪܼûлǵ˻Уô
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˻ģҲҲܻĿʹ
𣿡ԥš
С취һԣ⻹׿ڸңҲ⣬žҲǿеġ
ǣ˼ûκӰһôӲأùߣ
Щеģû˻ǣʲôۼҲˣ඼ˣôܻᱣڵĺۼԼҲܻ뵽ԭȴϵɣοЩôܱһأ
Ĭţô˵˻޴Ѱˣôָô죿ôأ
һ룬˻ģƽʱΪֹ˵ûлǵģֻҪվͿԣɱ¶ڡ
Ļû˵ֻ꣬ڡͨһæȥʱȴһͷԵڵأƣߵطڵϣǾͱʹ
ģ
񣡡
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ƿǣҡҡλεվֱ㶵ؿŷ
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رۡôأѰйټǣȴһҲûҵʵҲ֪ǲģԸû˻ǣʲôۼҲ£
˼Ļʹ»ֻղԼϲ챦ﻹеطǰĻ˷ǣһеС԰Ͱٻͤѻģ
ǵļûаĺۼҪȡ»ʶôܻıȻʵĺۼοȻʻôʱ˵ȻȻ˻Ȩ͵λ
ȥŮ޺ͷ˵ļң뿪˼䵽ӴࡣŮ޸ȥҴң˽Լһ֮⣬ȻûʲôģŮ˵ĵӦûʲôİɡ
ͼæعһ·ȴֺãȻôµĺۼǱһ˿ϣϣܻʲôԼ
뵽ǿѪɫõʯæڱﵽѰңȴվǡȴԭ羻˵ȷЩеģû˻ǣʲôۼҲˣ඼ˣôܻᱣڵĺۼԼҲܻ뵽ԭȴϵɣοЩôܱһأ
ŶԭһжֻĿ룬ԭһжֻǿѡҲ޴ѰĺۼѽమĺۼҲһʧˣһʧת˲Ҳ޴Ѱ٣
ҲԼ֪ģǾǲŰˣ
ǰοҲϾͱģοϧȴһҲҶ¾˿̵ƽ
ۣٴοŷ񣬿ڵ㡭
ģ
ôô
ҪңҪҡԾص
һ˫ʪ۾أ˵ĹâƺҪŸģ
סæ䣬ʾһҲá
ҡһ䣬ǿ㡢˻;ǰ
Ϊ񣬾ȻܿԪ񣬿ǣֻϣ˾ʱ˻Զ뿪ıҲƣԪȥƺǽĻǲߣ͸ʵһûлǵķˣ
⣬ŷɵ
˰Σ˹ȥ§סɵ
񰵰ҧš
ͷĻػš
ҲţǷҲã˻ҲãڵһĶӵһˣӱĶԸԼǸ˻
ǣһҲܶƻ˷û˻ǵ̬¶ǷĶͻʧȥ
ǣΪʲôҪأ룬ǲǾͳĶʵһ㶼ϲԼϲֻǸ˻
ǰɣϲҲԸߣֻҪסĵĲϣĶʵĴڡ
ۣ΢΢ͷؽԼտ°͡

һһ5

ۣ΢΢ͷؽԼտ°͡
ͷּҵҪ
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ȻȴһƵڵء
һ
񵹵غӣʵҲǾȺɻףĶôأôܵӵԼôȻôƿԼѵ
ҡͷ죬ڵ֧ķ񣺡㲻ǣ㲻ûϢôȻһģһҲ
ţǣǣ㲻ǡ
ҪĻùģģǣ˼䣬ȴûһ˿һĺۼҲĺۼΪʲôΪʲôΪʲôộΪʲôҪѡĽ֣󷢷ءǿҡͷߵˮ˳ݵ¡
ʧɫؿűʪıʼһˮ
㲻㲻ҪԼҪ
ҪҲҪҲҪ
ָԭΣǰһӵסϣܹ
ſңſңǾƭңǾֶΡ
ҲϽǰ񣡲ǵģǵģֻ밲ο㣬Ҳֻ밲ο㣡
Ķ
ҲģҲǡ޽ƴţݺݵؽƿԼҲһӵڵأ߶ϸγ˺ѷΰ㣡
ֻоһ󳹹ǵıϢϮ
ԾؿɢɫĹâǹâˮۣ̺ḻˮͬڵĸƺƮɢΡһʱ֮䣬ʹ˲ұӡ
ţ䡱һܸܲߵĳذȫƬƬʯ
Ǽ䣬Ĵˮ˷ųȥ
ŮǵڹڵȴĻر֪ǲеͨڹ￴ĶصӰĶǳٽݣĵĿ־Ҳڲ
ǰĶõûеȵϢʱ򣬻ҲȥѰʧȥɵϢֻƺĬĬεؽԼı磡ʱֻǲͣĬĬᣬǣγôĽ
еۣеֵĿɬ˼ᣬһг᳤ָŮĶԴĵˮƽˣΪʲôؿݽᣬģ뾭һأΪע
Σ˻ʹĶÿԷĵϢĵؿԼֵԶءôԶسȥ
ǣΪʲôأ
Ϊ˻
˻ʣվҲֻǸˣŮĺѣһȫİСŮʲô
õȲعرΪżˡҲǸԼȥֻĲĶֱ׵ظСŮ˻ĺۼҲҵܸ

ˣȻô֣̿ǡ
ŮﻹûüС񾻣ȴѷһɾ޴ˮӭˡ
㿪æƿŮ
Ůһӳ䣬һɫĹâӿԼߵˮסʪ͸ľô£
ʹŤţ񡭡ˣıڵһƬաˣ
ʲôŮﾪüҪԵô
Ѿˣûˣҡ
ö˵ˣŮۣһĶˣﻹ֪أֻǣҲԼǻڵǿҲ˺ѣʲôڲͣ˺ѣѿˡڲصĽһĸɵ𣿡

һ1

ʮ죡
ƲرɫɽӶݣ
Ĵ󺵣˼ĵһѩٵǶĽˮϣ˼ҫţׯڿʼ֣԰Ҳʼָæµֿʼʢ·Ҳзӵܡ飬һжƺѻָǰõʱ˹ȥĿѣػţţ
Ů޺ͷԾɳĮԵéﰲؾסš
ǻָǰճϢƽ
Ů޸еοǣû뿪Լȥ
ȴⳡΪĴУᵽŮ벻ԼʵԼ벻Ůޣһ㣬ôԶ²뿪ɳĮϼҵŮ޶ȥأ
ʱŮ޺ͷոǲſѳɳĮĻĵϵĶС
ȴڵͷͣذ
Ůްŷ˽ɶѵӰǵĲֿãſ򰢳ô
̾һ
ŮЦˣôһһжˣȻô
С۾ؿ˸߲ҵŮޣҡҡͷëϵˮ˶ʧȥëҲŷ䡭
ôˣ𣿡Ůޱɫæס
ǡҵʱ䲻ˣ
ʲôŮ޾еôᡭ
һĹ⣬ҲԶǵģɲˣԼģΣϵľҲ缸հˣ
ŮȻΪȥеʹĻǳԾ˵ʲôô£
˶һΣҲ߹
ѾʼˡĿʼˡ̧ͷããˮеأؽ˼
ʼŮ޲ס
ջؿյߣŮ޺ͷˣŮޣͷ˸Ͻ뿪ܴܵٸʹ٣ߴȥɣ
ʲô
غˮ죬ǻǿɣ
ˮ죿һ
ǣ
ô᣿ԴߺѾָˣֺαءһˣ
֪ǰǸŮ˭𣿡
˭ˣĻģǡĻʺΪ»ʼλϳʹԡ
񣡡
񣿡Ů޾ˣôҵ֪иĴڣ
ѾԶʧˣΪĺۼϣʹǣҵǡһ
ŮæסֵؿµĴꡣ
ⳡȷ꣬Ǵֱ㵹µˮֹϢ㵹û˿Ҫֹͣӡ
ҲţƺΪ
˼ˣͷ˿뿪ɣ߰ɣƬˣ겻֪ʲôʱֹͣͣˮҲҪҲᡭ
鴤ţͷһᣬŮ޵֮Уٶ
Ů޾ѣæӵסο
˵ģ𣿡ŮʪĴ۾ص
һ򶼱֪ö࡭˵
ǡ
ǻģ뿪
ҪŰһߣŮСĵŰССʬ
ã˸æʰ
ö˴Űʳĸɽȥ
ʮ˺òڿ籩еϸɽɳĮߵĴѾָޱ޼ʵ󣬶ɳĮҲããһƬ仹ˮȴѲ͸ϹעˮˣѾˡ
ɴ껹һֱͣ㵹ˮҲһֱͣǡ
ŮֳͷһΪɺʹ֮ˣΪʹǣҲ߰οˣ
֪Լ챿׾ǽ߾ȫοŮޣϣܴӳнѳ
ͣȴ׺ݶ
ˮǣֻڲдӿ

һ2

ҲˣôΪƣ˼ˮ죬֮ɽ᧿ΣȻŮŭŷ
ĸʲôȻҴûΪʲôʹǳȻẦĳͷ
ѵ֪ҪɵڰȻûֻҪһеģԼܺȥֹͷֹϢһֱʹ
ǣĶʹ࡭
ִ˻֣ٻصߵģֺαسĲģԷģ
ǣϾҲܸҲĶģôֻҪҡһΪǰΪԭҵģصߵģֻҪҲҾлᣬеǻᣡ
ûУûлˡԶҲûУ
ԶʲôǸ˻Ҳ˵Զϲǣ;ΣΪô࣬ĶǻԹһʹԲǶֵʹޣҲһж˻Թ޵ģ֪ܴԹ۾￴ңĶ˻ôĸ飬ҲģĶһǧ֮ҲģģҾ͵ȵһ죡
ˣ˻Զܸģ˴Ҳǰ֮ĸ飬ҲǸģôԻͷأ֪ģġȻѾˣԣҲϣΪʹ࡭
ĸԸһԶ׷ģǰܣһʵԼĳŵģʹĲٻصߣҲڣ
ŮﱯؿעĴ꣬ҡҡͷ૵ҲһжҵĴ
ȶŮﱨµϢ
ŮŤųü˰Σȥ
ԣ
ٲֹˣ
ǣҲֹˣҲ֪õѾ˵ģǡ
أҲûˣ
ѱⳡͻĴɢ˾͡СؿŮɫ
ŮüͷµǺã֮ǰش񶼡
ŵͨ飬ŭ˼飬ֱʹԼҲûס˻ǣôҲķйᾡʱ򡭡
˼֮Ҳá
ʲôǵ˼£ҳͷ½˼񣿡Ůﲻɶܶһһ͸еŭһ˳Ľܶ˾ҲҪԼɣ
ȷ롭ǰҲֵȥͽࡣڵʰö񽻴Ϊĸס
˵Ϊĸ׾͸ðһԼͷϣ
ǻûΪ
ʲôŮŭûΪʲôΪǲģȻڵӣô˵ĸףûǹǣϾЩƺϲģԸġ˻Ը׳ԼȫҲǹĸܣɽѽ
ˣֹֻа񲹾ȣҲ˾͡
ǡŮƽϢһŭЦŵ梵ܴôȣ
£ֻҪͣȻָ䱻ʵҲȡһ׻ľʱ»磬һ򶼺ܴϻۣᶮ»֡ȵص
ࣿںˮ죬ĴѵҪȥ˲ɣŮ̵ľ
æǰСɽϿһŮƺⳡˮ׼
ʲôŮæתɽ˺Ůöһ䶼ǳˮľȴɫƽɵôᡭ
˻ʵѣӦòҲٵģԡ
ô˼ǡ
һŹˣôͲصķϢ͵ⳡǶеģ֮ĳͷ
Ů˰ΣͷǺðɣ͵һ٣ֹȻҲͷ͸һɣѺò޳ͷͷֻ¡ֻҪ˺Ůܵ෱ܵĴΣҲһµϣʹ˼һȫµò
ȴϲæлĿ
ҲþȥȰ˵񣬲Ҫģ񣬻ôܿԼҽк̶ֳȵĳͽ䣬ָλشأ
ǣȻᾡȰ˵񣡡

һ3

˵񡢷;Ȱ˵ã˵ʮıʹʹƣߣûڽᾡ
ŮҲںһһֱڱķϣΪµıʵ͸ʯ飬һһѵضѳһССɽ塣
ŮĬĬԶʯ飬ܾŮİæֽڴˮ
ˮݽߣ涵ؿŮԼǰæµƣӰ
ŮｫıĹǽĥ֮ԭΪ»ʩչҲ޲ƳɵĶʱģ
ĶŮ¶ƣЦݣصĶʹ飡ΪģҲֻˡ
΢΢ŵҡ
Ů̾Ϣһ󣬵ĶԭΪɣҪֹϢҹˣòãΪҲ

ӦңŮؼֵӦʹˣҲҪˣҪ١
ĬĬעŮĸףô࣬ΪֲǰԼĺӣֲǰԼĲֻ̣ǣ벻ͨΪʲôƴȰĸҪ˸Ϊʲôܸãܽܵأ
Ϊʲô
ʲôŮﰵ̾ϢĶǲܽԼǸ
ΪʲôԳɵõȴܣģǱȡ
ǣģ˵Ǳȷ࣬Ҳʹ½緲ܻݸֻ࣡ǣȴֻΪ㣡ֻΪĳԣȫķףȫĶֻΪ㣬Ϊ֮˽˸УҲǷȻҲͷ˳ɵõĻᣡΪʹܹɵõҲҪʱյģҲ֪ܰ㣬ѡлǣϣĹעһʹһأʹɹ˻쳤ؾõ껻ɹҲһŵҪԶİ
ĳʹѣǣҪģʱӵ˵ҡ
Ҫһİ𣿡
ҪģҪġ
ɺȴѾãǣǿܵȻ±ܼǵⱲӵĶ첻֪ԣİڴþǵ󣡡
ǣ֪֪˼Ҫľ͹ˡ
ԭͰʾ
ʵҪĽҲҪֻҪߣ¡ʵؿŮ
㲻ҪҲѾˣѾЩѵҪһʧȥ˲֪Ҫ򵥣ʧȥ˲֪Լ
ҪĲӵģ
Ϊܸõģ
ɵɵ
ҲһûţֻصȴأҲ޾ڵʹأԣԸѡе㣡еİҲ׸㣡
ǵģΪҡΪң
׾ͺãŮظͷ
ǵһǱɢеۼһҪҹҹǧļįȻȥǰչ㣬ǽ벻ĵģǰǧһֻ·ϵһͶѣܽĵģֻ˻ԣԣôѹģǲǣҵĺӣ
ΪʲôȻ֪һ㣬ΪʲôҪô
Һ˻Ŀһġϵʹ˻ʣҪΪ㣬Ϊ
̫̣Ͳϸһ֣ǸһϣȻȫߣθӳףõĻϰ취ҴӴıʹȥθǽʹǲǣ
ΣǡΣ˻Լѡ񣬾ң
̣֪ҪĲᡭǧļįҪԶʧһˣԶ¶һˣʹֻһգһֻһ죬ҲĽˣΪʲôҪӴʧΪʲôΪʲôǹģǹģ̡̫̣̫Ǿñʹ֣Ȼûᣬʹģʵڸ˲̿
Ķ㲻ҪҪѵΪһĸ׵ģԸ£
ΪʲôɵõΪҲԶܳΪЩЩҶԽܣܻǻлᣬܻҸһ㣬ֻһ죬һʱ䣬һ죡
ǣǲ̣ŮصģֻЩˣΣҿΣɹһᣬԵ˻뷨ʱûȥֹȥ㣬ֻϣһɹҲǰôرĥûϵʹ࡭
ڣǲ֣Ǿʹ࣬ǰκʱʹָ࣡ô죿ָô죿ǰǧļįҿݽ߱ԺֻΣѵҳ񣬾ܿԼʹǿԼңһǺѹѹҺ޲ãҺ޲Ҳȥʧʱֻʲôأ
ŮҲɻ̿ô죬ô죿ôʹСŮŵ˻ģ
ʱ嵭˵ģȻȴ嵭˰飬ֻаبŴڡ˾ˣջᱻ⣻ֻаܺůģʹĵˮݽߣҲб˵ģȻİӰΣ˱ˣҲ𣬻𡭡
ΪʲôộΪʲôһ˿ǶңΪʲôҲҪ̣ѡûᣬıʹŮﳦ飡
Ůӵסӣ㲵ݣ޵ĻںޣҲǴˣرĺӣôǶԵģôأһǶ̣¶شڣһŲʡǣǡ
ӣ㲻ȥѵͲĳԣֻһΪãΪ㡭
ΪҺãΪҡǣΪʲôΪʲôҲûҪһۼأΪʲôҲ˼ģΪʲôҲʲôûСһֵĻں޵ˮӿ
Ůæ䣬ȥԼҲˣôˮѾﵽǰǧܺͻҪˣôͣѵҪеίеˮһȻͻᡭ
Ůﲻ롣
ȻŻЩһֱʹ飬һֱǲһеأ˵ǸƲסطйԼıʹͷͣ
Ůĺ󱳣Ϊ˳
ŻľȻҲֻˮŮľ⺢ӾôҪеıʹΪˮʣ
һֱվһԵľȻ
ôŮʹĿ⣬˾һۡ
㿴ϡ
Ů¿һۣȻɢľӨĹââǿȴô貣Եأһļ

һ4

Ů¿һۣȻɢľӨĹââǿȴô貣Եأһļ
Ůһô᣿ôᣡæ˫֣վϸϸ壬ŵҡͷڣأһĨ΢Цܾöйʵϡ
㶵ǰŮŮﻶϲ֣صĶĶ֪ڲˣǡ
ôˣס﷭ܣ侲ؿźȻġϲ޵Ů
ĶŮָۣ㣬һ󲻻ټįˣ
ΪĮػؿϲŮһۣ֪ʲô⡣ˣԶܻˣôܻ᲻įѵᰲһ˻ѾҪˣҪˣ
ŮЦŽŤȥٰ˻ĶиϢҪ㣡
ҲʲôϢˣھûҲ˼ϾȱˮģŮ﾿ʲôõĵأȷǺϢ
Ůﲻ䵭ԾеصĶĶѾһµˣ
ʲôȻסͷԼĸ
Ů΢ЦţǧʦҪˣ
ʦ
ĶӣŮ˷ܵصĶӣ
ҧŴƵĿŮ
ĶŮ̾ϢصĶᵽΪʹεģֻĸ֮ŻǰΪʲôҪ㣡
̽ظԼûκζСĸԵĹ첻
ŮؿŲѱ˫ĿĿ󣺡ĶᾭΪһУΪܵһУܵʹԸԼһȥȥܿ࣬ȴֲΣ
Ȼôĸ׵Ļ᲻ȫȫΪŮҲȥҪνʦҲľȫϣϣѾΪԸ⣬Ҳǿ󣻵Ը⣬ȻٵӡҵģңҲΪ˶ӾģҶԶҲԶǲһģһģʹĹ⣬ҲҪҪߡ
ţѲᣡ䲻ôǱ˵ѣʱ˿̣֪ԼǸûϲǸüıʹĹһҹôõһҹҲˡ
ŮＱæزȥᣬ΢һüֺܿչؿЦĶôѵûȫҵĻ𣿡
ʲôصסץסʲôȴƺһĪסˡ
ĶӣҲ˵˼仹һطټģǾʦϣڣĶѪôܻԶʧأ
԰׵ȻƵģһֱ˫ҲƵģ˲ұӣץסŮ䣬ʣʲô˼ǡ
ҵ˼ǣ˻ΪҪĺۼǿԣصߣپס೤޽ֹ޾ڣ
ô˫ţϢʣôĻˣصߣᡭʲôʱ򡭡
Ůԥһ¡
æϸ׵ָסŮ촽СЦŵҲ¡ʲôʱֻҪҾͻȣ
һ׷ɣ
ŮæֹƣؽЩˮӽڡ
ŮԼȴӿ۵ס

һ5

ͣˣˮȴǣ־һ죬ûȺɽĺˮȥ
ⳡͻõĴŪήҲǱĿǽĴ
˺Ůһһźˮ˻ص磬鲼
į磬į磬ôôž
ụ̂ˣ
Ļɣ
Ů޳԰εı֮У뵱ߴߴİߣ֪ԶǧȺĴڣڣĿģͬЩۿɽˮضѲĹ
˲ĵؿŮޣԸŮıʹ֮УǡǽҪԼʹһǿ򶨵Ů
ŮȻҲо˵ŬǿԼֻǣԼѿϣˣѾûϣˣ
ֻʣˣ
һ죬˺ܾãڿڵ
ŮһҹߣȻ֪Ҳġ
ǡԼѾûˣֻ˵һ֡
ǡ˿ŮޣؽԼԥţǲǡ
˵ʲôŮ޲صо˲ͬô֮˵Щͬ顣
ǡ
ʲô
Դӵ֪Ѻ˺ܶ࣬ҲܸǿԼԺĹ¶˵ĻЦˡ
һգžʯ֪һֱģԼȫٻ˼䵽ôˣеԼôԣֻǿ˺Ů޾Ȼô͵ػţЩοҿʱ˽һȰŹǣȻ϶˶ں޽ӣָһ˿ʹͻںˣ
Ҳִߡ
˿½ɽͷḷ́ͷܷΪ򸾣
˺Ů뷨ǡƾ̣
ǣ̶ܺ϶ΪһǾͽΪ򸾣ϵ͵Էܡ
žʯŮ޺ͷˣǳĬվԶɽͷϣôԶģôĴؾֻþҪе෱ܵΣ˺һҪЩԽϰɷܹѵеĹ׳ĹֻŮİɣ
ֱ죬Ļᣬʱ
磬һѰɣ˰죬Ȼ
ҪҰǣŤͷճյؿ
㲻Ƿ㽫̡
룿㲻ʹ𣿡

Ȼ
Ŀض˷һۣæһߵط·硣
ɽ
ء
һѸ߸ߵ֦Ҷɽͷĸ߶ȣִһ׵µĻȼյĿ֦ԼѲһȽȽ𣬽رֱ׳
Լĳ̣ûһ˿磬ôܻɽͷŮ޵ΣŮΪʲôҪִأѾԸˣΪʲôŮƫƫֲˣѵľͲܽΪ򸾣ԣŮԭһҲֻϣðԶһôǣŮ޵ǡҲԼһ̸Ůʧ˰ɣ
ֻǣľ£ܴòܳ׵ĴͳǸöãŮǲǸʧˣƺܽʵֻǣԴֻ֪ʣˣѲô֮ʵͻеķߣֻֻǵĻŮϵĲŮʹġҲǲ뵽ķΪ򸾵ģӦø¸Ҵһ㣬ֱŮ飬ҲʹŮҲܲ᲻ͬġ
˺ܾãܼ񵽵ĵϸɲѽȼûз硣ԶԶؿŮޣⲨѡ
Ůɫƽֱǰĳ̡ܽ
Ͼٵķ˻뿪ԼԶΪãֻҪһҲ͹ˣķܣϽŮа취ģҲСķܾġϣͷ뿪֮ǰǶԲΪù֮н٣Ҫ֪࣬ҪԼƸˣ
ȥҲŮػعͷȥˡ
һۣƳ˷ƴصȥϵʪ֦ϼȥ΢΢һ㶣һҲܶˡ
˵ǶѽϨĻѷЩ⣬ȴûлȻ̸ʤղţǺĿȴСĵز˲ѣϣŮǱȥ
ŮԥţҲ𼸸ʪ֦ҶԼǰǶȼֻʣľ̿΢Ļϡ
ʪ֦Ҷؿʼžž΢ţٴðֱֱ
ˡ
˲¶ϲɫŮס
ֵķ磡
ԼߵĺǱߴȥ˵ĺȴߴ
罥̲Ʈţؾһ
˿ŰǺ϶Ϊһĺѷֱ˴ˡһĺּּ̰⣡־ϲҲԸԥˣɿسŮǱ߱ȥ
Ůתӭŷ˱ķţ˼⡣
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