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һĻ
:ɫ------ɳֳƱ˰һΪ 
;ӱߵĽ֮㴫˵ħܻǰļ䡣 
һ˲,һĵ,ҵ,Ǹ˵ĺ, 
ǰȻһƬڰ.
ʦ:С,㻹?
С:ҡ
ʦ:Բ!Բ!ܿ,һʦ,ʳ 
,Ҫ뿪ةฮ,.᲻Թ?
С:.һ!---
ʦ:С,(ͣ)֪,ǰǽฮǧ,ҳ,˰ 
ʲôҲܸ,۽ʲô,Ҷ,Զ!
ſӼᶨ,ҷԼһ仰Ҳ˵,ʱ⵹ 

ڶĻ
Ի:ٴλЦ,Ż.ǵ,ٴ,ã, 
ô,ȺеĻ,˴еļ¶,ҵǰ,ֵΡ
ʦ:(ǰľ)С,.,(Ѫ)ӳ˵ 
ִ֣֮ϡǵ?ϧ.ҵŵ޷.޷ʵ.˼ 
֪գʱҹΪ顣.ܰ.㡭
ִ,Ŀһ,վǿ.һ 
˺,ȴע赭д
Ⱥ,ãȻضڽ,ͻȻеһͶ 
,̧ͷ------
һŸ,Ŷֱ˫ֱֱ,ƺе,ǵ 
ߴ͸ҵ.
ľԨ:С,û°?
С:ҡ֪.
ľԨ:ʸϺδ,ȥ.
С:ةฮ.
ľԨ:.
С:..Ҳ.
ľԨ:ô,ʧ!(Сľ)
ľԨ:ǣ.
(ߵ,:һԵݽһҽڵ
һֻһε)
ľԨ:ðһ,Сڼ?
С:ҡ
ة:ҵ,ڻ!
̧ͷ,Ĵ:ةฮ.Ȼ,һ,Ҵϱ 
.
ة:,ǡ
ľԨ:,ĩԨи!
ة:ľ.ľ!
,ͻȻعͷ,ײ˫ҹڵ,Ҹе 
ʲôɳ.(:ȷϹ϶Եһӽת 
Ѫ촽ǰɺ쳾˵ĲǵתĻ)
ľԨ:!
һ,ȥ.
Ļ
:ǽǧǽ,ǽ,ǽЦ.,Щһ 
ֵ.˽,֪עĽ֡(: 
)
ľԨ:С!Ҫô!(ż)
С:ô?ҿƲ.(Ц)
ľԨ:,Ҫҵ.()
С:ѽ,Ҳ!
ľԨ:С,㡭
С:ʲôѽ?
ľԨ:.Ը..Ϊ?
С:
ľԨ:С,.㲻Ը?ϲ,!
С:.ûʻָ¹ǲӦ,!
ֵƳ,ת˷,ŵɲ,ҿĨɵ 
ҸЦ.(:һԵݽһҽڵ
һֻһε)
ľԨ:С,.!
Ļ
:ϸ¥·Ĳʼأɽˮ֪δ. 
ջָ,ǰҹ,̤;,ڳ¥,ԶԶ 
,,Լһ־ӨҺ.(:ȷϹ 
϶ԵҲᱼʯϵ¹սɽһ 
·ĸֻ)
ͬеİһ,վڳ¥,,ԶԶ,ҿ΢ 
:------.
,ͦεӰûȺĺ,Զߵķ, 
Ҿþδ
ةˣҪˣӲãϿ
Сû£------ȿȡ
ة:Ѫ------
С:,û.
ة:.Ǻο!ô,˵ᡭ
С:!(,ᶨ).
ة:,˰ˡ
վ,ԭΪů,ȴķɻ,Ҷ 
,ʰһƬ,,ҵ,ɺѪΡ(:ȷ 
Ϲ϶Ե
Ҳᱼ
ʯϵ¹սɽ
һ·ĸֻ)
Ļ
:ų㣬оٸֻǰԣ 
Ц㣻ĺ㣬ֻֻ֪غ 
黨Ц.
С:------ȿȿ,ô?
ة:С,,ֻ,ú.
С:,ϵӶ,˵,ô?
ة:⡭С,ô,úϢ..
():,ҿ㻹Ǳȥ,ҪС֪Ѱʦ 
,(Ĭ)
:,,ôС?Ѿ
:ס!ûС?ҪϢ
:
ԭԭ
С:(ŻѪ)--()
:С!
С:ӱ꣬ػͬ,,лл!
():紵绨꣬ЦҡҡΣΪ 
;ĵ׺죬ѩİӰվκű, 
;,һͷĻ֮·,ԥ,Ϊ֪ 
,йļ,ԶҲʧ,,һҵ㡭
Ļ
:()ңʱ̡Ϊ⣬ڷǰ 
꣬ǽһγԵ
R:С,û°?
С:ҡ֪.
ת,ҿһ,˫,ҿס 
һĨ.еݺһ,зһˮ,,һĨЦ, 
Ϥ,Ϥᡭ
R:ô,ס,.
Ц,ַŵ.
С:Ҳ
(:ȷϹ϶Եˡ)





ױĳ

ιĺ˵߰׬Ǯ׬ᰡ
֪ĺ׵ĺҿһͨ
ܵصĴˣڵҪ֪ôŰҾͲ㿪 
ˣᶼֹס
ҵľʧѡ˵ĵĿɽҡЦںз 
ȡ
˵ݣڰźʵ룬ıϸں 
жҲҵ°ṹݶһʧ 
ǶΣҾûȻһ¡
˵СӶ԰ɡȵ˵һʼͲǺϲ 
ӣоҹޡһˡϲԵа 
ģҹޣҲǳһԵĸоղܣ 
ߵıһ綬ѩķ峺ˮۡ˲Ͳ 
εϲ˵ĸо۵ģں½Ϊ 
Ůˡ˾½Ȼ 
һʼҲͬдһвм̬ȡߵı̫ 
ǣҵ˼ˡŷԼĴشҲ 
ԯĺǸˡҳԾ̫ 
ˡ0úõŰһУ߰ 
̵ģкĺɫСкҲǼī˲ 
ȿȣʵ˵ȷ˲ٵĴ̼롢Ҽֱ޷ҵ 
о䲻ʹ޷Ψһľǵˡ 
ˡӡЩǳˡŮô 
һ㷴˵ءʲô书ᡢֻż
ߡҿĺʵᡣۣ۵ҵϢ 
Ҫһ¡ҽǿˡʹ23šһܣһ 
£۾׳˺ҡҰص⼸ϣ 
īԯĻ룬˾Ҫλī˶ 
вͬƽòһһƵ㡢ֻ 
ĵλͬİͬڼīĿꡣ֪鵽Ǳ 
˺ī˺Ů˶ǵĴīİԵа 
СǰԵҲǴֱΪʹԸ񣬵 
ǲԡ˵ʵҲʲôĳеˡгֹ 
˺ŮɫҺ޲С˵īÿĥ 
ǡڵڶһ¡ֵˣīˡī 
į˼ɡǸαװǿӣҿĳ鴤 
ۡ
Ȼ˵ôˣ˵˵ԯĻʼľ 
С˵ѡˡһŮ˵ˡҲ飬˵һ 
ǲءҲô࣬òЩпĲɣ 
ΪˣҲ
ϣܹиĽ֡ҪǸʲô𰡣ҿ 
ɹҲҪġҲ֪ҵȲȵõ졣ߵҲǷ 
塣ˡvҲ޻˵¡̾Ϣһ¡
Ƚ֧npҪǿǸ򡢲ȻҪṥˡ
2010.1.2
ױ




һ  ĪԽ


ϡšҹĻԲȼ
һǿҵϹ£ҹϹʧ˲䣬߿ 
һԭ谵һһĹ⣬ܵǣ 
ǹ⣬͸ȵĺ졣
һڷ嶥ɲƣӵԨȽ 
Ƚ룬ϵ΢УԶԶעҹǿܵǣã 
һ̾Ϣ

̾Ϣþõػصڷͼ䣬϶ϧˣ 
ߵĶҲȾᡣ
͢У˫͸ϡ¹ĴѰ 
ںҹ˫ƺҹӵشܵ 
С
ȻǰԶˮ΢һԾ⽫ 
ǣһô°ãǰȥ
Ųضסˡ޷ƶһ
ǰһĺʱ¹ںϷԲ⣬ҵʯ 
ںܣһЩӲʯд𣬺ϵĽӳʯϡ
ƽĺʱȴԵޱءʥࡣ
һжΪһʯͷϰŵŮ
¹Ůɴȹϣ淺ĽӳʹŮ 
ɢһʥϽʣһͷ˿ɢ࣬ŷ 
˿ǰ΢½֮ϣҪסй¶Ĵ⣬ȴԵ 
ջٵ˿ûжΣֻжǰһµĻϸǻ֮ 
£һľա
Զ̫֮ϼȶ֮ܽޡ˲
ٶ룬ü꣬ʣʡ̸Ȩ 
ݣǾС
˽סǣ˫崿ȴȻʯ 
ĺǶĽ֮£ʯ΢΢ת֮ʱ 
޹⻪ȥ˫С
ŮͶ䣬޲ɢĵ飬ǲ 
̬
͢һŮ˿ȴ޷ţ䣬 
˿˹ֻ¾Ů·Ҳɣ飬Ȼ 
ֻһۣУҲ޷԰ΡֻǣУΪλ˿ 
ã֮ɫ
ͯ磰ʯͷϣԻؿΧľ
ظӦòӵİɣȻɭ 
ģǣû
ֻǵ̨㣬߸ЬȻ۶ϣ̨ˤһ 
ʹѪеԼǵģȫԼ˰ɣ 
Ʈ壬°ǰܻɣû뵽쾹Ҫ 
֤ǣǱ
ܵȺСеĵ̣ 
LAVYľš
ѵŮˣע⵽LAVY۾ŵĶ˫˵ĸ߸Ь 
뷢֣ɱˣ֪˶ģǽ 
ӣΪ⣬û뵽ǾȻң
һֱ֪˼ĴڣģУûʧ 
֣Ⱥе㣬Խѡְҵ 
ҲȻԭ˱Ȼʣ 
ν˼ı£Ҳһһж֮֮ν 
̬ȣûǵУùܣöθɣ 
һĮ̬ȸӴ̼ŮˣӺ 
ȥұúܲң˲Ҳˣұؼӱ 

ǹҲŹǣšͯǰͻȻһ 
ѣĿϹ˽ȥһ
龰ܹ죬ɭ֣ҵʯĺȴֻһˣ 
ȻӲСôһɭҲǺΣյġ
ǣôأܲȥ·ɣҪǾһЩ 
޾Ͳˡ˦˦ͷȴɣ˿˿紵̲ͯס 
˴ֱۡ
ףʲôʱ˼ô·
⡢⡢·Ưģô꣬ʲôƯ 
ûǣĵһμô·Ӧ˵λãô 
ᴩϣ
ȵȣͷǲ˾ʲôʱֱˣлУҲû 
ȥӷѽôô磬ļ䷨ģϴˮҲûô 
ģֻģһҪȥ
ǡ˫֣ôôԾԭҲƯû 
ɣ˫֣Ҳ۵̫ͷ˰ɣӨ͸ϵȵһëҲ 
ҲϸѪ֣۵ѣۣ޹ǵ˼ʡ
ԾĲԾ͵ؾ䣬ľ½
һ̳ˮеӰһʱ޷
͸¹⣬ˣǸԼԼĺ 
Ϣʹִ˧ŮĵطҲҲŮһӼ䣬 
ֻ뵽ĸ֣ΪˣΪŮ˵Ҳ̲סʧð 

ӽʼѹǸѣĿˣԼ
ô£ѵǽʬꣿţЩµĿǣ 
Ϊʲôһɭ˭أ
һһƬãһʱ֪ô졣
ȻеһȵרעͶϣһҪ 
ʲô޾ͲˣʱĻŰ죡㲻ҰɣȻ 
ΪʲôҪһΣӲ˺ҮͿ񶶣 
ɱˣ
˳ǵȥһϣһźӰǰ治ԶĴ֡
ߣ͢峺Уϸһ 
Щ΢ľ£Ӱ˳
һĶŵĿͦˣ˫ˮ񱡾 
˫һÿĻȣһϮɫڲס˶ 
䳤üĿ価ţ΢͸һ֮糽ĵ 
ĮţǸĵžӡ
ǸƷ
ԣۣ佣Ϸ
Ī£²޶⣬Ŷðԭ¡ֻǱ 
ڴˣ·˵ءҹһڴˣͯ磲͢ 
˳Ĭ
˵ù֣ʲôµģϷƵġ
ʲôطͯһҲھʵǲǽ 
ʬ꣬Ҫ뿪طɣȻһҪúúõġ 
ﶼνŻ˸ͯ磾ͻȥ
ﲻ֪ɭ֣˵ûлųȥģ֪ 
±ڴˣɻĿĲ֪𣿻 
·ģ
ɭ֣ʲôطɣҲ
й𣿡
йֻ֪һ֮᳾ 
û˵᳾ֻ˵ѣǺ֮Ĺ磭 
ɭ֡µ治й𣿡͢һһ 

һûйôᡢôᡭͯһʱ 
޷͢˵Ļ
ѵԽʱգţ
Ҳ԰ʷϺûʲô֮ģǾǼܿʷ
𲻾ǰһѶ˵һƪԽС˵ǴԽܿʷ 
ģӦûˣܽʬˣʲôǲܵģ뵽 
齥ƽʼ˼ôԭô 
˵ȥ𣿡ļأ





ڶ  ͢

֪ôȥ𣿡ܸ뿪˵ɣ
ǺǣҪ֪ôȥҲˣ 
Ѿڴˡ͢Ц
ʲô죡ô죿ܲһӶɣͯ磰̾һ 
찡ʺĵطȹò׵ 
𣿲ҪҪôѵòŴûʶǲ 
ݵأûŴĽ֣ҪҪͯ뵽ЩԴҡ 
˹һ㡣
һҵȥ·ģﲻ¿ڹ 
߱İȫͯǲĵʹģ͢һ 
˵Щһڣˣ˵˵ 
оġ
ʲôգͯ磵۾б˹ȥѽô߻ô 
һ˧أ
ᣬµ˼ǣжǷޣ¹ﲻȫ 
²⡣
͢ؽ͵
Ǻǡ͵ôӣ̲ͯסЦˡ΢Уֱֱ 
Ȼ˲Ȼ飬ҪڣӦûῴһ 
˧ɣǺǣȤȻ˻죬Ǵ 
ˣԭΪӦúܷŵÿ˻̫ˣ
ãͯ磣ܸʶ㡣վ󷽵֣ 
ͯҽܵŷŵļһ㡣
͢ɻؿͯ磣֪Ǻ⣿
ǶԱ˱ʾѺõΪ֣ͯ磻 
˼£ַſ
о˫ԼУ͢һ̣뿪 
Щ΢ʧ䡣ôˣʶ΢ͷ 
Щ
ͯ
Ҫҹźֵܹĸо磻С磾ˡͯ 
͢Ҫ˵ĻЩز
ǡС磹
С磣˾鷳ˮġ
СС磡ַ͢һ쳱һ 
֡͢
͢ҽ͢ˡŮ˿˿ȡ
áԼ֣͢һ 
о
ѾˣҹϢɣƣɫ 
æڵ
˯ǽ˯ʯͷɣӲģô䣬ô 
˯
ˣһ¡û͢Ӧ˴ʯ 
ͷϣذͷļϣۡо漴 
ɵ˯ȥ
ſ˯ͯ磣͢ҲҶһ£ֱرԭ 
ơףΪʲôͯ磾Ϳôĵ˯Ǳأ 
Ҳˣ뵽⣬ǻһƵĸоʵͯ 
֮ôΪ۾۾Ĵ͸۾ 
ֻϣţӵһ˫ǿġ
ңִ˵ʱҲᾭһЩͬ໥Ϣ 
ڶ׷ߣοеٵ֫ӴѾΪ 
һϰˡ
Щ䣬еͯ磰˽ԵԴһ 
Сĵ뻳Ϊȥҹ硣
͢ûҵ𣿡ϣп͢ǰ 
ѣϺŵ㣬ͯ磻һʵ 
ָ̧׿
ûģһҵġ͢ػص 
Ϊòڣϰߣ 
ദ⼸쿴ȷʵǸкܴ󵨵ŮӣӲ˼ɱ 
˵뷨뷨ҲǾף֪Щֵ뷨Ӻζ 
ļ𣿵ʲôĹȿһŮأ 
ΣݵģҪӲܾҲеԼ 
ݹͷˣû취ܾκҪʱ򣬿ģ 
ЩӶģϳ˵Ṧֵֻ 
ЦһУֻΪˣѣ۵Ůӡ
𣿱˳ġ񽣾ӡһֱ 
ΪԼʹ˹һΪ鰮û뵽ֻ 
ǣû
֪ģҲǣ 
ΣǷҲϲأǣֻΪɭеļįֻ 
ˣԸԶһ뵽 
űˣľ;ۡʱмǸƭ 
ˣȻĻͲΨһİ
Ǽ価ɢ̾˿ 
ɢһʣͶĻ 
ӣ˿Ҫˡ 
ǣ˽ɵģҪ
͢㼸ꣿͯûע⵽ߵ˵ı仯ͻȻ˾䡣
ʮ
ŶмӣӦöкü˰ɣ
ãûӦͯͷȥֻ͢ţƺ 
Щ
͢
ûȢޡһΣ͢ƵĻ˾䡣
ͯһʱӦΪʲôŴ˲Ҫ 
ҵ
ǰûҪ͢ʾԵ˵˾䣬תٶ۵Դ 
˵ֻҪľֻܾðʾ˵š
֪ͯҲʣתͷ˫ֱס 
ܹȥҲ
εĿŻеˣ͢ٴ̾ǣһо 
û𣿻ǣֻƽٶ
ţܼľڵգֻЩĹ͸ 
Ҷӵķ϶ʱڻţջգӶ䵽 

ĻתѣһЩϡľϷ˺գޣ 
˯һˣͷ°ͺͿĲЩʧ 

оĶͷײջصĿ⣬͢Цһ 
ҲΪʧָоá
ͯ磰յջĿ⣬ͷջˮ
Բ첻ţߵһûľڵĲݵأϼ 
˵ϣľɫһʱ䣬ͯƺҲ 
ࡣ
͢볪Ŷ
áһɵϲá
ɤ
յ
ˮͻһ
ƽѺ
͵͵ķ
ӢµĽ
Ҳػ
ڻµĽӡ
Ұķ羰
Ҫ㡡ղ
ĳƬ
Ҫ㡡ղİ
ǣİ߱
䡡
ҵİδ

ҵİδ
İʿͣ
΢ЦŹ㳡ȺҪѰȫװڽ
һ
Ҫ㡡ղ
ĳƬ
Ҫ㡡ղİ
ǣİ߱
䡡
ҵİδ

ҵİδ
峺ɤд˿ĵš 
صڿտĲݵϣĲʵ
ƺҪһֱһֱĵϡ
УһӰΧһΣһ 
ͼ





  ڣ

ϣ͢ɭѰ£δ˵ 
ϥأ˵
ડડડָûӲһ´
Ϊ˭ġͳаһűﻺ

ܺá΢΢
°ɡ
ǣ

ȼյĲž죬粻ֹԾĻҫ 
˵ϣڰУŹΪƾ˿
͢Ϳ۵Ŀãͯ˿жΪûΣ 
ϸĵĲժ˷ѣûζͿһ㻬ķֻۡ 
Ŀеӣż̧ͷĿ
Ǻģֻһֱ޷Ӧԣ 
һڼҴ׽УϰݣҲȻȻ 
ҲΪŴһҲĿǰΪֹΨһһദ 
˰ɣ˵ĸоЩӵġִҲһֱ 
ûӦڶ׷ߣڱΪܶѣΪÿ׷ߣ 
һӣΪ塣˵ķԷҲ 
ý͡ڣһĳĬ
ŮˣҲҵʵǸ֮ǰܻ̰ 
᲻÷ſֲ׸裬Ĺϵ 
İ
ˣ԰ɣӿõý˸ȸһ 
Ʒ磬ԭ̵ȱȡ
ҹķر͸˿˿ɭϢ
һǺƼžҹͯ磶һ¡е֣ôԭʼ 
ɭ֣һֱʲôޣôϻʨҲɣǰȥ 
԰ܼȻǺ뿴ֳ桱ģǾԶԶҲ 
һ°
ߵߣ͢Լϣůӡ 
Ҳź֣֮ǰǼٷ޵ģҲϵ 
ֻ˶ѣԴԺ㲻гֹܹ 

ؿϣȫϲƣ 
͢ذȦһλã㷢У 
Եŵ㡣
ˣ͢Ϊʲôģһֱ飬 
Ȼ⼸컹֪ôˣŻ׽ 
ɽӿøŻɣģ΢ 
֮Աԭ򣬻˵Ĵ
Ǳ׷ɱˡ̾˿ε˵ţ֪ 

ʲô׷ɱ
Ϊʲô˭Ҫ׷ɱ㣿г𣿡΢΢ô 
Ķŵˣг
ǳɱ͢˶٣˵
ǰһǰڽаֻ֯Ҫ룬û 
ɱ˵ˣ׹塢ʿо˵ 
ƣֶμ̡ŰǸĺѪа֮ˣ 
һͷĺ췢һ˫Ѫۣרʿԣһ 
ܵеаҲҾĿ֮һɣʮǰûٳ 
ֹֻڱڰ֯͢˵ţƺЩ 
޹ء
ͯĬĬţһ𣿲޹ذɣ 
̫ǣֻ밲عԼȻ 
벻ǣһ˽֮ȴųϡҵĹϵ
֪˯ҹִľͷȼء 
˳ĻԶһݴȥСꡣҪ߻ȥ 
رһë׵Ķŵ

֮˵ĸйǺģ뿪֮ǰˣ֪ 
ҪʲôûиȥҲδԶĽ񱻻 
һ˿ڣæӶȥżеĵطȴûӰ 
ҵںڰɭѰֹסĿֲʧȥĿ־廹 
û
һߣͯһͷܵĻһҲҶһСľͱ 
ҹˡ
˵⻹һͷֵܣȻᱧˣͣ 
ô죬ôصܣ·Ȼû֣̫ 

һɽһ̶ڶԼɼˮ 
ʯǽϡܰͯ磷̶ߵһʯϣһ̶ָֻں 
ëҹкڵ÷
ǽϴɾٸáɣôעѵ 
Ҫˣǡܸ
Ҫ𣿡ͯ磲ĵ
öĻƵģץļҡͷ
ͯһ۾һѵ˵
˵Ļͷ
㲻Ҫңҡҡͷ
ǣҪȥϴ𣿡ҡͷ
ǣ氡ѵį׽ 

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Ȼ뵽Ŀģͯ뿪͢ĻеϢ 

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  ɽׯ

Ը߿նƣϵȴĲ 
Ӳĵ棬ֻ֣һ˫ֺֻơ
һһܾδĵĸ˸ؿڣֱ͢ 

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ҲûȥѰҳڣ벻ǲԸԸˡ
͢㷢ʲôͯ磳֡
Ǳˮ̶жˮƵ 
šӨͨ͸СѾˮзŵĹâ˲ԾȥĤ 

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סеİˡܿ죬΢۲ת 
ȻһЦΣͷȻֱǸ 
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Ȼֻһ˿΢Ϣ֤ˣоյ 
üתƵأߴѾͷвУ 
ѾͷСӣ˵ΡǾȡǲȣԥš





  ɣҵı

վ֣˭ƫƫǰأο 
ô˧ķϣǾ˰ɡ
ò׽ϡص͢Լķûǡϡ 
Ҫôһ߽185˻ﰡ뻹ƣ 
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ͯһӾͱһЩĻֱס 

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šͷǻ˵գһ㱣յвջָ 
ƣ룬˯ȥʮ˯ȵһΡ






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ȥͨˡܼһӭ˳ȥ
үˡܼҿСүЩ 
ݺᣬҪǰүֵЩҲôԶþûү 

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ͷ͢ڤ˺һʵ벻˭Ҫô
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ңǲܼңϣеƣȻ뵽ׯ 
˶ᣬľؾ
ׯ뵽ˣ۵ĸоؿڣʼļƻ 
ҳڼ顣

С㣬С㣬𴲳ˣɵſڴ 
˯еҹޣһУԡҡϵͯ磣һ 
ĸоÿ֣˲Ƶĺ档
ûͯ磵ĻӦ̾˿С㣬ʲôã̫ϲ 
˯ˣߵﶼҪţдɴûдҪˣû 
͡ûСҲŹȻδСݣׯҲϸ 
ģǰݺ׼˯齣СõҪʼˡ
ƿţȻС˯ߵ˯ǰԴֽ
С㣡
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أǵաƭ˸˵ѵɵ㿪 
ţԴĻһЦɹؿѾͷɵɵ顣
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ûˣ͸ﲻҪˣ֪𣿡
ŶɵӦ˾䣬תѷ˶˽뿪ˡ
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һ죬ڵıۣǿԼȥȻ 
һĻȴĶУбԵ½뿪֬ 
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棬ʳΪʢ뷹ټЩ˵һж 
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ˣʲô֣ܲܽ㡮ɣЩȡЦ˵ 

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綬ѩķ峺ˮۣԺͽСòãͯ 
һ˷ܵ˵ţûɫʪԭ 
ӶǴ綬ѩ峺ˮôҲԵõ˵ 
Ͽôǣֻһ˫մѪɱ˶ħ֪ 
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ͯע⵽ߵ˲Ծ飬
㲻ϲ𣿡ЩʧĿķӦ˵ 
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㡢㡢㡢ЦúÿСŵôģۣĺ 
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ĸо𣿴û˽ôЦЦҲûʲô 
Ц˿̣ҲЦΪЩӵĿЩɵ㶵 
ͯ磡
ԺЦòãһһŮУֻЦ 
ҿͻȻ뵽һŮΧ龰֪ΪʲôﾹЩ 
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áûаԥٴιһĨЦԲȴ 
쳣ȡ
ӦˣôҪҲӦˣ䲻ţȴһ 
ûɵĹۡ

𣿡Ĵ³Ļ
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ϣܣδܲ鵽Ů˵סֻ鵽ׯĵ 
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ǺǣһЦӱ﷢˿˿мŮˣʲô 
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ˣûˡŮˣҵҪʲôر𣬺ߣ 
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ڰ  ջ

һƬɫĺŮɫӰ׷ŵâӰཻ 
ߴĬĬĸһػ
ЦŻ׿ǳĬӰĬĬ 
󣬹¼ŵӰĪۣԾůǸǱ 
ǿűġ
첽ǰӯԾ˹ϵɣвһĨ硣
أؿźƻķҶ첽صľݣ 
һӲϻӣеķҶľнŻϻС
ʲô̲סɻʵ
걾ϻӣΪֻԶסѤ 
һ̰عͷǳҫĿĹâЦӯӯ 
ӣЦ绨µɢĿĴ 
ľ顣ģҲƽ޲һȦȦĺ뷺 

סѤõһԣϣԶһ̡
ʮ죬ÿ춼䵱νġȴų⣬ 
ĸԸǸܰɡŮˣ۵ﶼһѹǰ 
ݺ󶼰ڷ˯齣ѿǸ˶ϸᣬǸˣɽ 
ׯׯ͢ĺ䣬뵽ۣﷺһ 
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ΨһĹûˣЩ
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ȻɵϪˮԵЩ͸ȹ 
մʪ̤ͯŶʯվʮ׵СϪ룬Цǰ 

̤ϪˮϣǹһĨĵЦžΥ̨ 

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衣߹ŮȻ崿羫飬Ůÿһ 
ÿһŲŲ˼ջջͬʱҲջŲԶ 
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һʱ䣬˶ȵӦжɬܰ 
Ƕ˴˵١
ĴҶδŮ˽Ӵӳ 
һƬΡ





ھ  ۵

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һ֣һôģ
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ͷС㲻ˣô졢ô죿ү֪ˡ
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βȡ
ǣûֲҵ˭ΪʲôҪں飬 
ӽҲûκΡסɴ۾ 






ʮ  

Ҳ֪Լڸʲôֻ֪Ǿ䲻ںĺʹ 
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Եԣĺ촽·ջ鲻Խǰ 
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С㲻ϲׯôׯô죿ׯǺܿ 

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ҶƮ㣬ݱѤãΪȥһ 


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ԶĺĻʢݱʢɪ＾Уȴû 
˿˥ܣȥôҵʢ
һȺŮЦĽ
֣İˣͲˡԯĺ٩ 

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Хס͵˵
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أɫŮǧģ˭Ů˸
ҪΪأǾͺˡһ㣬ԯХ 
ЦճԶ
Ѳ汻˵ˣ⸱ûвӣ 
ûΪĸʲôŮǣң˼Ǻ 

ԶһŮ˵ԶԶضԯĺϣˣСʱ 
ˣˡ






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ɣ
ǣС㣬ôˣСôôһҲƽ 
ĮȻӡ
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ȻСҪûС㳪衢֮ģ 
ΪС㲻Щأ
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С㡢Ҫׯ֪ˡ
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˵
ȻǣѲ뿴Сұ˵ϷȻӢ۾ 
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С㣡

ݵĻǲʵԱȵӾķٶˡ
ԼȺĵ棬ߺȵС 
ԭʼıǺ«ż˼ң濴ȥ 
ĴţɵĴլ˿ѷɫִƼĸ˱ʵ 
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ǰˣŶڱݣΧŲϲֵǡ
ţҲˣûʲôÿġ
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С㣬˾һȵġᡯֻҪʤ 
Ӧ˵һҪ󡣡һԽš
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ǿС㣬˾ǺһӣҲǵ࣬ 
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Ȼƭô֪Ůκ𣿺ãú
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С㣬Ҫʲô԰
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Ӿ֪˼ˣҪǺηʥ
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λһǡٷꡯһ 
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ԴȥһͬµŮӣɴñɢһŸ 
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ӣԯХᡱʵǳ͢Ϊ˲Ŷٰ 
һԹۿû뵽Ȼջ񣬺ǺǣС 
Լģ
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ʱӣЩӡ󣬿ԳֲŸ߶ѱˣ 

ȻǸУ͢һĵţ覵ӣǸ 
ĲӣֲôŮֻ֮ͣ 
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δֳκŭǸǫǫӵģ̣ͯȴ 
ˣһĲм볰
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˲ѧţβشǳĿ⣬Ӧǵ 
ʤ֮˰ʵˣǸ˱ӮߣΣ 
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˾һ㶣漴һЦĿǸƤŮ 
ӣǺǣ
С㣬ǡ桯𣿡ķһЦؿͯ 

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ӣԭǵЩǧСͶȥĽ
ǡƣ˵Щҧгݣαӻе 
ʵϣߣͲҿ㣡
⣬һֻСţߵʱǰͷϻ 
ͷǣֻСŵģ˵߿
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ҲʼԯХüʵʼգĿⶼû 
뿪һ壬ʹ˴磬˵Ľ㡣
ڣ̧ͷȴû֮ǰķ̣һĸȤ
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ɴñȻɡ
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ȷʵҪ˶ķڷɲǼ׵¡
ã̫ˣγû뵽а͵ģ 
ܷŹùݵǿѧָߵʦ 
ִ˶óϷͲԲŵˣ





ʮ  һ

Ϲ٣оỬ˿ңһţȻǺ 
ǡԾ֪ΪΣٸһַ 
˴ĸо˵Ϥ֪ǷĴ 
һǣƺһʣΡ
ҪʲôӺأŴڶγֻǣ 
һûг飬ҪڵĻһҪȡЦ 

ţѲظŪ
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Ѻ϶ΪһԲ
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ǰ㽿ľټΨһһ 
µĶ֣ȴǸŮӣȻǿԽύΣи 
С֪𣿺Ǻǣ˾ȤǴ
ԯХڱصá
ͯ磶˶վߵ˾ǰɴñڽ 

㿴𣿡
˾ֻеһ˵ܰ㴫ɵһ㱣µζ 
ͬһŮӵ֬ˮ۵ζڶ߻ơ
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Ǻǣ˾ة࣬ʤѷ֡
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С롣˵꣬ͯһģСĿջȥ

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Բ𣬶Բ𣬿͹٣ĲģСæǸ֪ 
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С㣬ڵĻӦһ¡
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顱ûԵԯХƿţΪԼò 

ڿһˣֻʣǼ׵ɴñʱԯХϱ 
ǰδеŭ
Сֹ˸ңɭ³
μϣߴԯХǰ
ûп˴ӺԺȥ
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ҾͲţӵóȥȥңҵ 

ԯХŭ˾ͯ磵ʧδжӦǺ 
ƻŮӣɲǸڱס˰






ʮ  Ѿ

үҪĶˡ˰̧ڣԸճԹ 
ڷЪϢԯĺ
ţȥɣӻ䣬Щ˳ȥ˳ 

ĸºٳ˵ĸ˯ã 
顮ľòġɭ֣һݽȥ 
Ǯʹĥ仰ɲ٣߼۹򣬻Ըðյġ
ߵԣҪ򿪿Ƿʵȴһ
棬һ˯úܰȵŮӣһ޷κδݵŮ 

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ӯ£̳ĽëϻżСˮ飬촽΢ţһһϣ 
һδŹζκһ˶ԣ 
һΣҲ⡣
Ҫ˵ĺ촽öŮ˵Ŀʹһ 
ҴҴ·߳ԡءĪ






ʮ  ˭

⼸죬ܸоʲôһˣ˵ʲôһ 
ʱ˯һĸ󣬵֪ǷĴܾ˫ 
Щ̽ɻ󣬸ȵһֱʹ˯С
ˣһţʲôҪȻҪ 
Ժֻд˵ģʲôѽԸˮ 
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Ϊĺѣ֪ʵ֮ˣǼ֮˺һ 
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ۣĺۣȻεúܺãǿĺʱʱ 
ǹע⣬硣ңȻģĺ֪ 

˾һ˿ζѵ˵ܸıĺŮӳˣţ 
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ȴһҲûȥ˼ɳ嶯ӺζΪ 
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ְ˽ŵزʵĴǸŮˣȻ 
ˣ
ٳ֮ʣػͷһۣȥһѡ 
һģ





ʮ  ײ

ڶգ˾һ˳ظĺҹһҹߣ 
ֻȽ
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Ӱĺ˵ӣǻǰҪҪ 
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ͷʹŮˣҲϲŮ𣿲ǵ 






ʮ  ħ


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ĸɱ˻ʽ㣬ǰ
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۵ĸߴӶ˵ţ˦뿪
껹һƬɫѪɫʽѪ 
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ǵģǵģǲǻʽ㣡ǣԯĺƱ 
ȾһѪ죬ػΧһУϷǿϢ 
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ǡǣүһȺҽԯĺ˵Ŀзˣ 
ֻ̣ʣǶˡѾ߶ǴˣΪչ





ڶʮ  ɶ

Ѭů̴ľ¯Ʈɢ䣬ɫľΪɫ 
ڣһůϢɢ
ůûиܹˣ˵Ѿǣ˿̣ 
ڶǰδеů⡣ָоá
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աĺȻһۿʱѾ֪ȴ 
һֱûءϸءĵؿ
ĳͻȻеֻţΪڲʵ 
ߵƣƴֿɼңʣɴ
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Ŀ⡣
ţ䣬䡭͵͵ʣʹЩЩ 
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סķ˿˫ֽ˽֮ϵòһ˿϶
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Ҳ˯ȥ
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ûܸģѵ䲻 
Ϊ𣿡÷ꡣ
ҲģҪȥˣүƿҪ 
ȥ





ڶʮһ  

һǿ˻ȦӲůĻʲô 

ȥԯĺ̶סвŤ˶ 
ɪɪѾߺ
ǣү
ſţͻȻԯĺһŲ 
űϡʹһӲҧסŲЩȣ˵ 
ԵĴϡԯĺѹϡߴѹЩܵƺ 
Ͻɿ˵㣬ûзſǸΪһְֻֻһӵǯ 
ͷżסҵŵȡȵĺϣ˽ÿ 
Էζޱȡ
ͯʹȴκβ֡
ֻܺݺݵصȴסߡЩë 

ͯ죬ƿڴ
ϲ㡣ͻȻԯĺ͵͵ؿڵʱĿɿڴ
ǱϲϲҲ֪ǲǰֻ֪ʱ޿̶ 
ߣӰߵʱĿڿ 
뷢裬㣬ҸǵؿڶۡҴûй 
оס㣬Ҳ֪ô˺ãûѧҸᣬ 
Ҷã𣿡ԵЩ˻Ƶɤ 
ޱȡ
𾪣ûֱϴһ 
ůʪĴУȻѡ
ɬ˿ĴƷķҷ˭֪ 
ӵȴδйκŮˣһв곡ϷֻΪһε˺ 

ͻȻһʹӿдʹطſѪ 
ٵıӳģԵøұ
ͯ磴ӴԾ£˼̧ͷϲŭض 
ԯĺԲ𡣡ֻ˵ĶԲֻҪĳѾ 
ϲˡ̶ȻĻ³仰ȻѲµ 
׿ϣɶֹʹš
˭˵˭ʹ۾ˣЩغ
ͯ磵ʼãû˰ɡ 
Ҳҵģҡûȥˡһ˲䣬Ҳ翣 
ʱʧǣصȥ𡣡˵꣬һл䣬ӯ 
ʹ˼񣬿Ҳˡ
һ嵽ǰر˻ǾͲҪȥ 
ˣҪȥҵģҲ׼ߣ
ý첻ܺˣŬشʱȵı 
΢ŵĺ촽Եѹֵؿţͷ˽ȥҪʼʩʱ 
ȴɵضֻĺ촽ϡ
þã뿪Ĵĺϲ㣬Ҫߺòá 
˵һ˲һ뵽
Բ𡣡ǵģֻ˵仰ҧ´ĬĬس 
ϴʹ
ϵڵţΪʲôѾ˵ˣѵȲ 
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ߣӽʼֻңֻҵҲ 
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ԯĺ㲻ҪοһŮأ 
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ڱصõ飬Ǳʲôݺݵײһ 
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ĺͻȻڣǵĳƺһϲ˵Ҫ 
ҺޱүԺңҸΣҡ 

ʲôңֻȢһδ˵꣬ز 
أͻȻתϲ񣬸Ͼбġ
ǣҲҪʱ䣬ɷӦңھȢң 
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ӵסֵת˼Ȧɫȹڿзɣ໥У 
˫з˱Ĺâ

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˵үҪȢѸأͬ 
ɲȻɺѷɫѽ
ѽǸʲôȻôӣ˵ѽ 
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ȻֱȢ
ǲ֪˵ѽǴʲôСйĵطģ 
ڳɶ˭Ҳûүɱأţ˼
йǸʲôط
أּͬ죬Ǿ͸£

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ⲻȥǸˡ
ĺңûţ˵嵽ǸʲôоҪ޸ĺԭ 
ģһֱĺ
ܾĺ⣬ǰĺأ 
ġ׽
˾ججػصةฮսڣ첲㱻һ˫ס 
Ҳ˭˦˿
˾㡭һεε𣬰μ 
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ճв㣬кܣ빫عˡ˵꣬ 
תڡ
˾㡢վס
δŰ㣬ֱֱ߻ط䣬š
ߣԯԵЩģģƾ 
ʲôƾʲôҪммģǹûеò 
Ķһģһ޺޵ת뿪
ĺ
߸߹ǺʺһƬɫĺ
ԯĺɫȴһҲųˣз޷ 
ϲãΪҪˣ
˭óүϲõɫϲüҵ۽ 
ӿĺҲÿ˶æòɿ׵ү 
ܿĿǣҪôĳÿһ٣Ҳܴ 
ѽ
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ܹǰ̨Ҳ࣬Ҫ̣һҪ̣Ϊ 
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ȥסԯĺʵԴӼ 
ǰȷԼĸ󣬶ѧᣬһ 
ã
ҵļңڡйǻ˾ԶĻ㣬 
طҲ֪ôȥͲˣֻҪ˵й 

ģЩǰӵסԺ 
ļҡ
ͷ嵽ʲô
һȻ˵磶ĸ㣬ǡΪѵ 
˶٣㲻ȥǾͲҪȥˡ
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үĵطȴǻʹҲȥܽȼ˻ʵ̫ 
ԺҪ뿪ƻôкܶ鷳ˡ
ãǾͲȥ˿㣬Ц˵ 
κ˿˵˽ҲãТҲգֻ
һ紵ɴʱ΢ů¯ѬҸ÷ǣڵĶȴ 
Ǹ˼
үЩδУܽ·ѽһ 
Զ˼
ǡҪԼﻹ𣿡ԯĺܻ 

ʵܿǼѽ˶ڷˣȲѽһЦ 
дԣֻͯôôϤ 
أ
֣
ʵܣҿ㻹ȳȥк˰ɣ˿Цˣֲ 
ܵ˵꣬˾ߡ
֣нԶ





ڶʮ  

һɫӰҡҡλεһһһľƱ 

ǣˣĻ
Ǹִ֡ðۣһƬɫĺѣô۾ 
Щ죬ѪɫѪ
ĺĺ
һҪȥģòģƽһΣҲΨһһΰ 
ˣҪ
ַǷĴ˾ԺߵӰûпע⵽ֻ 
һ໥š
վ·ĲԶ޷ӽֻԶԶؿţǣö 
Ҫôܼ
һֻһѾߴſˣֱϡֻ 
ؿǰϣǸѾߵıӰȻһơ
վסѾߣߺסһҪ·Ѿ 
ߣͷĸ߸ݵģֻǿźôôߵŮ 
ӣ
ŵĴͻȻӲū澴ˡ 
ϸ˵
ŵԾЩɵؿ˿һſڣ 
˺ˣȥɣ
͸λǿװ򶨵ػشû˿Ѿʪ 
һƬСùֵ
죬һ࣬һӺȻȻҲգ˭ 
ĸԸأ
ˡ
ŵľϣһŻµˣͷ 
׵һԣȻʱһ֪޾ľأ 
ԼĻһС
˾۾һգգؿԼĿġ
ʹ㣬ǰ鷢ϣò 
ǴΡ˫ȴƵĲԸ뿪ͣ 
ḧĦ
ʱһһߣֱ۶ۡ
Ժʵˮͯ 

˾ε֣ȷ֮ͯȴָܻյ 
䣬޷ƵشЦǺǣ㡢ʵǲ 
Ůװ
˾ͷԽԽͣͯȴԾûĵЦţЦֵ 
Ϸ
һ绨СˣүСԽ 
ЦԽţŶֱ
״˾εںıôЦ𣿡 
̾˿
òֹסЦ̧ͷȴ˫Ե 
˿ˣô
ıһӽӲˣ㡢Ҫ޸ĺ𣿡

ˣģˡǺǣЩҡҡλεվ 
һЦݣǣףҸˡ
յĽ͸ֽͶӳҡεӰϣһ 
Ĳ԰ȻЩ̣죬ȴû˵ʲôҲ 
õġ

ׯСˣ˵ҪһţһѾ߹ 

˵𣬲˭ɳƵɤӷڴ 
Եķ벻͡
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Ϊֹ
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͸˶߼ٶ
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򡭡ߣ
һŨҵľζ䣬ҵڷţ̳ӵ 
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ѳΪȥĴ˼һƬʥ֮
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Ҹˡ
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ĸԸصȴʹԽԽ̰飬ֻһ˿Ц 
ҲԸȴ
ü䣬ԯĺյķѲڣУֻֻ 
Ϊһеȡ
С§ĶͷӣգУ 
Ĵ꣬ԭ͵ǳ޷Ƶǣ͵ǳԵСһ㣬 
Լ
ͷ˳΢ŵĿУ֮ʱΪ 
ͬ񫣬Ҫʱòֹͣôֲڵָḧ 
ǵЩ׵Ĵ󣬺΢Եýŵۡ
ʱ˵˿
Ҫ˯ôô̴ִĸоͯ磲Ծظ 
˸꣬һͷԱߵԯĺŵƿӣ 
Ь߳еѹֵķ䡣
վڳͤϣһˮϢӱǶϯ 
ȫƺҲûôѹˡͯŸ߸߹ϵԲ£ 
бϣԲȱڣҲԲˣĳʲôʱص 
ߣ
ͯ磵Ӱ¿ƾֽ紵ǣƮƮȻ 
Ҫ˷ȥ
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׺ÿҹҪͤڵȴʲôͷѹ֣ 
һ𣿻ǣûǸˣɣڵ 
ѵôã߽
ĺʹʹּ˿ۣΪߡ
ҹɫʣһǰһӰӣȴʼ޷֯һѵ 
ע𣿿Уǲ˿ζӱǼ⣬





ڶʮ  ̫磨һ

Եջ
мСǵ̶ԴϣĿջ 
Եջ¡ɫ˽Сߺڶ
һ۵Ľһźɫװӡͷһ 
ɫңͣϸһȴƺʲôҲûæ 
к˵СҲ޴ӵ֪ʲôʱģĻһڽ䡣
˵Ǹүôãʹûȥ 
ջԵһϵŻ֮Ȼѹͬ˵ 
š
ɣѵ˵̫ϱ⣬үס˲ӲҪ 
Ȣ𣿡
Ҳѽ룬йʲôطǶû˵ 
һСûȨûƵģ̫ôܻͬ 

٣˭֪жû˼Ǵԣ
ɵѽôܣǲ֪ǸԼȥʹ 
үȥˣ̫󶼸ҲȨ˭а
һɻ
ۣڶǸ 
κˡ
й
ҵļڡй۾кܶɫģɫ 
ģɫģɫģɫģɫҪлȥһ 
ȥòã
Ҿ֪ˣǺǡ
˵öЦ·հڶ߻죬µż 
âƺҲЩ
ĵֻһӲײ죬ܣһ 
ֻʣһӣǸӰ

磶ĸҪȥ𣿡ԯĺڶ 
𣬸˯ѵͯ磱ڻ
̫ȥʲô£ҡҡͷĿ
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ȥӺòãһ԰ֻң𣿡
Ϊʲôÿ϶ʲô¡
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ϲȻϲԭǳˣ 
ܺãֵһİˣÿ춼Ǵ
ĺҶԲԣ׷ʲôˣǲһ 
ڲ𣡡޷ǳڶλǱԭ 
һԴĵ׵ϧ̲ס˳
ģϲӵ˵ӣδ 
ʽسϹ
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ĸװ㣿䣬Ǵһ㣬е 
ȻӲһ¡
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Ⱦһ㱯ˣȴĮ쳣ֻ΢΢ֳ 
˼ץסֻ֣ͬҵ޵ɳĮߣš
ʮһǰôҸ̫Ҹ˶Ҫܵͷһ죬 
սһСĸһ𱻴乬ۿԼĸ 
ǰȴ޷Ȼأͬʽһ㡣ĸĮĺУ 
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°͸ϡıĸ׶ 
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ʲôţһɲѰϢҹգƣʹķꡣ
ĺ߰ɣı䣬Ц˵
ͷŰɴȹͯ磣ԯĺǸжھȵġǣ 
ȴɴƵʥ˲ҿ 
˼òϯĲֹǱĴ󳼣б塣 
ֹ˵
㡢˶٣֪ڡ
ͯȻ֣һɫɴƮָ䣬˵꣬ 
ɴס˴ߵֻ¶Ķͷ;Өˮ
ԯĺ֣һֱûɿֻյ֡
ֻ֪һ˫۾ǿ׵ضȥ˵Ŀ⣬ 
۾ܹס˵꣬ÿһתܻ񣬼ʹҹ 
ԵҲ⡣
ͯ磰ڳţ˻ʹſľ޴ȴһ̽ 
ȤҲûУֻȥͻȥ˯ƽı 
ֵӦˣʵ̫ʲô֪ȫһ 
𣿻ʹʲôҲ֪ûȤֲҪסĵط
ڹԼĪʱͣЩӵƺ 
ڶߣͯ˼ʱһ˽
ĺףǴ˵е̫ͯ磵ʼ 
ɴµһ˫˵תţҲڲֵץ 
ˣԯĺЩ֣һ·ʲô 
ǿʼ𣿵˷ܶһ㣬ΪΣ
ǰӱԯĺǴһҪͯ 
̫࣬˫ְͯԱһֻֻס 
ܣ
ĺϸЩŮ̫ǶԴеˣһ 
ֱĺȻһ棬ǵ°ͶҪ 

ҫ۵һˣֻһµ˶ӳ̽ڱʯ 
ÿһˣ΢βʾõ顣Ȼɴס 
˴˫۾ӹǵʱ򣬸оǱʲôķ 
һϵжʱΧǡֱĺӰԶȥ 
ǸӰʧĵط
öˣûиô๬Ů̫ǰ 
ߣ̫ˣûأȻŲ 

ֻһ˫۾Ѿɸղĺˣ룬֪ 
Ͳ˵ˣԯĺָ˵㣬һЩֱϡȻ 
ĿȻ˶ݵᣬһºòãҾͷ 

վһŵıǵĶԻһٵĶô 
ԣǸŮˣôᣬδᡣʱ 
Ťһţץеһҩۣ˫۱˵Ĺ⡣ת߽ 
һķڡ
һŮѹֵĴϢӷ
ţ㣡𡢴ӦҵģһҡҰ䷿ 
ʱţ϶ĴϢĶ񶾡֪ 

ģǲһɿأŨǵֶĵ 
о
һ׮ĽŮĴϢ֮ɡ





ڶʮ  ̫磨

һͯ磸еڶߣһԯĺ 

Եأͯ磻ܣŷ֣ʷվֻʷ˵Ĺ 
ǰһ޷ĸж﷢ͣеĸо
ƻֺ롢̻ԻѲ㹻һɫ 
ǽĬĻ֪ԻʹûȤȴܵ 
һ̣߸ĺǽߣĹվǸ 
Ůһңɱ˲Ѫĵطĵ⽣ 
Ӱнģ
ߣһŮˣΧһںǵˣΪ 
ɱһֱأ
룬ڣȨαеһεİ 
Ŀ
ǽڵһ𣬱ĿĽ㣬Ͼɴ 
μӹͯ磻ǵһ޷εĸ߹ʥ 
ԺԣһɴȹΪ֮Ʈݳߣ̫ 
һ£֪⡣ԯĺڽҹҲ 
һǳŮ·үϵ 
Ĵ
áһͷĹŮΪͯ磵һƣ 
ȴûؾƺʱְѾƵ˾Ʊأ⼴ 
ԯĺע⣬ɵضǰĹŮҪ֮ʣ
ϼݵ̫ݵμϸĲ롣
̫꣡ǧǧǧǧ꣡ʱ˶ 
ֻһЩӵʹû¹ֻǸ⣬ͯ磱 
ԯĺ΢ͷɲǣӹΧ
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㡢ȣǼ𣿻ߣҵʹͶ 
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жǿң޷ӵŨұˣ˭˭
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Ӱ
Ůˣ찡ڲͬʣдָоѪҺ 
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׷ŵڵǸɫٻӰ
˵ʲôоеԼôһ˲ֹͣ 
޷ֹظĳ֣ȻȻֵ 
о﷢ͣΪΣΪ֮ĻλʱҲû 
ʲô֮
Ŀ⣬ԯĺע⵽ģܲãȴû취 
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еĲãûƿʹԯĺЩ
ĸʮ٣ͬŴԵϤɤͯ磲 
̧ͷȥһ˲ͿٵĵͷǸԴ 
ȻµݲȴûȻǻʵۣˣǵ͵һ㣬˵ 
ܵܵӣǻᵣġ
䣬Աһվ˳£֮ة޷ 
Ź˲żüãһֱ˾ճΪ̫ 
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ᣬǺǣֻЩ㡭̣սǣ 
СӵȥĶˣһӼû¶棬˵ڸ 
˵ЩҲ֪ϢŻɣкʲ 
ֹǱة࣬Ҳɽ𡣡
ȻˣлˡǸʹߵͷһ̣ͯ磷 
ļЦôҪĳϣȱϯ
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ӡ˲ɵЩ̽ͷ޷ЩŪصЦţҿ 
ǿ첼ͷһƹӵɫԲЩͷĺ 
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ͷԡ
Ҭӣʱ֮ƺһֱûΪγȸŴ 
ĹϵͯĬĬţоЩ󡣺Ҭ 
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ǴҬʲôأ
£һСҹĹƷκβ֪Ϊ 
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޶⣬ʵͯ磶̲صˣҪǴ𲻳Ļ 
˵û˲
ʱȺ۷׷ףȴûһ˳ģѵû˳ 
Ҭ𣿲ɣͯ磲ŵ롣
˺һûվԯХɫԺˣ̫Ҳ 
ЩҲסˣͯȴ£һѾҪ 
ƳԯĺʵҲǣϾĹѽ 
룬ͯץ֣һһд
ԯĺǲԣȻš
һ󣬳ڵ޷ѲµЦţźڹҲ 
ҲΪ˽˰ϣֻ꣬һССĹ 
ӰˡǺǣ޷Цصڴᡣ
Ҫ̧ӳȥʱԯĺλվ 
ΪҬӡʢʪȵشҬ֭ˮۣ 
Ө͸Ǽõ֮Ʒ֮⣬ãܲϸҺ 
ѪƤפãڹʳ沿 
󡣡
˵գԯĺתͷžȵ˵޷ᣬаһЦ֪ 
˵öԲԣмаĺˡ
ͯ磶ԳеԯĺЦЦ˳Աߵһƺȥûע 
⵽ԶһŮһıԼ΢΢˫֡
޷֮ĲʣαӦţү˵öԼˣ 
үǼʶԨش֮׸̫ף̫尲ഺ 
פ
̫һЦ˵Ҳ˿㡣ȻǼһֱ 
ͯ磵˿ɲôΪǵĿƵøˡ
صλԯĺǣ֣ĬĬԵİͯ 
סƲôֲΣУһ 
˵ϧǴδйġɴԳεĿɬ 
ԳЦЦ
һʱ򣬻һʹվ˳ 
ҹҲΪ̫׼һ̫Цɡϣ 
߽һӣŵͷ˿ģ˵Ϊʲ 
ôܾͯ˸ĸо֣ܾ򵥣ֲ֪ﲻ 
Ծ
μϣ̫Ӷص峺ڵǰ 

ƽɣ̧ͷ̫֣ڰлֵ
ķ˿ɢһӵǰǺӢ 
ϣֻһĬ˾һ 
֮ͯ磿ɾͲôˣţ濴Ҳɣܸо˫ 
ʲô
ر£̫ҹһʦһ֧ף̫ 
Ｊ⣬ɸʹֽ͵
ᴩֲϲûǱˣֻ֪ 
΢΢޿ħǣÿ˵ģõ 
Ϊβ˱ϢǱ˵Ϊı֮ 
ԲĴڣȴʵ˸֣̹ܵĵ 
Ըʹ
һ೤ԶĨƽüǣĻһ 
͵Ĺڣþû
Ϊš̫֮վ峺 
˳
󵨣ڻʹ˷ԯĺΣյʾ 
ŭȥնʾڣʵ۱ŭ쳹ڡ





ڶʮ  ̫磨

ʲôնʾڣͯ磲ŵصɴۣʵ۵ıʷ 
Ҫһ˴һʱԽܡˡ 
ˡƺǻ˿νЦĨЦǴ 
ŷζġ˼УоķͶߣȥ 
ȴԭһ㣬Ĵ
ϣ̫˵꣬šһ֣˻żҳ 
ڴף̫Ӵ˼⣬ʵ۱¹̩񰲡أ 
ؽ͵һڣΪɵһŴ 
죬ĿͶֻвһζؿϷҲ 
ıζˡ
ԯХɲʱ˵ĲԼⲻơĿĵʲô 

һ⣡һ̩񰲣ྲϣԴ 
ľδ˾ݵʹ˿ 
쳣³ĵԽҪ˷ȥһ㡣
μϣ̫ף̫ɸ彡ϥ 
ڵǰǿԼԶǰ˶ֻǲģ 
ƭԼ
ͯȻע⵽ı仯ȥ룬Ϊ 
һǰӲΣڣΪʲôˣΪʲô 
ˣΪʲôеԼأҪˣϲ 
ʲôϵ
ƽΪ񷽵ԯХе㲻ˡ
ֻЩ¡Ծͯڵķ˾ 
ݵѸУװƲͷⲻ֪ٶ 
شʹ
£һ󣬿¶׼ͻȻڵ
ԯХü׼ˡ
л£С˾ةŸվĴ 
Ǵﵽܱȵľ磬˷ǰة̣ةĪ 
֡Ĵɹ޺ЦݣһЩ˿ȴǸĪ 

ͯü״̬ӦǸ˰ѱȻ 
Щ£֪ǷΪ̫ˣЩۡ 
ΰһŮ˼
ҪʲôҸȣԯ᯲֪ţȫΪһ 
еĴ󷽵ǡ
ǹҪ̵ǡ
ǹѵ𣿡װԯ᯸ˣ 
Ϊʲôκ˳ʱ۸
᯶ޱ죡ԯХö˵ˡ
Ŵ˾ͯһԺȻȻˣԭǸϲ 
䲻ϾǸŮˣ̫ӹס
̾˿Լıˣðˡԯĺ 
˫֣ͯվ
ôûй涨ܰɣӯŮ 
˵עȥǼ쳣ߡ
ôãĽ 
ܵܵӣ԰ָĺЦѽҪķӦ 
أµķֱ˴룬ϲãûڣʹ࣬ 
ԯХн֯š
Ϥһˣģν 
ٻӰ۾ڹôᣡ 
ĿӲ׵ϵŮ˴ûеòģ 
һ
С磣ֻ˾εļɵĿ⣬ֱ 
ߵԣץ˫ۣԼġ
ͯüץúʹ̧ͷζ飡 
ֱͯƺǳģǣмԺ 
ٵѰһ飬ͯ磿϶Լû
ҪΪة𣿡Цˡ
ͯؿ˾ǵһ𣿡 
ڡĶ˾ס漴Ӧ 

ȻǵáӦ
ͯصͷǺãһΪҴ
ԯĺ˸ĵ߳λ˴̨ 
ɴϡ
ѩһ㴿׵Ӱ̨֮ϣֲµʥ 
һͯ磲˾ʾ⿪ʼǰþûˣ 
վ̨ϣҲܾ˰ɣһΣʲôʱ򶼼ǲˡ
һֱ׷ģʱ·صһ죬簲 
ֻʣˣ೤ԶƮ 
ǰĿʼҲ֮ʼ
Ӱԣɴɣؼ棬̧¶ 
أӨ飬ĵ貽䱯˵˫ 
ԣǣڳÿһ˵ġµô׳ 
ӯʳ˼̻Ů߹Į£ȴƺΧ 
һ㵭ˡ
Ҷѻ˺üҶഺ
ǰ˭׷
һԵݽһҽڵ
һֻһε桱
ʴгģ˲̵ 
˸С
½ڷƮ·δ˵ΣԼı 
֮С
ȷϹ϶Ե
һӽתѪ촽
ǰɺ쳾˵Ĳǵ
תĻ
ȷϹ϶Ե
Ҳᱼ
ʯϵ¹սɽ
һ·ĸֻ
Ҷ鼫
Ե
ʾ˭
ôһ̳ǧ
׹ڵ˺
ȷϹ϶Ե
һӽתѪ촽
ǰɺ쳾˵Ĳǵ
תĻ
ȷϹ϶Ե
Ҳᱼ
ʯϵ¹սɽ
һ·ĸֻ
Ҷ鼫
ȴһУֻһΪҪԽΪҪǣ 
ǷôծԶҲ޷ծ
˾ӯˮڴʱĻ䣬ƺ 
ΣУ顣
ϣһת䶨˫ҲָԭĵĮȴû 
ûнкŴһȺˣͯתҪ̨
Ȼ֪һ磬ȴպ÷ȥϵɴ
ͯȻȻȥ뾪ȴ·ϵĶ 
˭ΪʲôĲ磿ŭĵȻ 
Լ˵𾪺ı仯
عǧһЦǧ
⣬ƶѴ٣ӣŽݺ㡣֮⣬ط 
ѩ֮ԻԽ񡣱дͥ
ԯХԯĺķŭ˾ĳ޵޷ 
ĳԣеľƱҲ޷ǹɾҵΪ 
ʲôǿҵĸоǾϲ޵ģҵˣԭ 
ҹŵŮˡ
Ȼ׼ȴûϵ˵ġ뻭 
ٰ衣ֱ޷˿̴𺳣ǿѹĲļ 
˦˦ͷģ
мˣ
һ˳ǣٹ˹
֪
ѵ
ʫԾл죬Ůˣʩɫ糯ϼӳ 
ѩ̬磬ĻܽһЦб˱Ѽ۲Ŷ˲¡
Ӧ֮ʱ̨ϼ˺һźӰȥ̨Ͽһ 
ˣӰΡ
γѣ۷׷֮࣬̾侹Ůӣ 
ŮӾȻǽڵвϧһȴҲʼ˽ 
׷Ĵԡ
ԯХſһ˵ĺү֮ıܼ尾ô 
ĺӣ
򼤷ߵսȭͷŮˣڱصã˭ӣ
ģſտյ̨Ҳÿģôᡭһ 
һμŮое㲻ţȻȴָ֤о 
ʵ
˾˵ͶǸ̨ȥķ򷢴ƺ 
Ҳһȥһ㡣ŵŲĥľһֱ 
ŵԯעб仯ǸŮˣƾʲôƾʲô˶ϲ 
Ҳùģӹ׵۾񶾵 
â
һӵԱߣŮװڵвʵקȭͷǸŮ 
ˣ
ûע⵽ͯʧһͲӰ






ڶʮ  

ĺ˻᲻󰡣ԯĺĻУͯϷ 
Ц˵
ͷƵѹԯļ́°ͣŭԵؿ˵ 
ȡЦҵЦǷȴ 
꣬Ĵ̲סȵĺϡ
֪ιʣͯ磸оԽԽȣҲԯĺŵļ 
ƺΪ²٣ҿı̲סؿʼ
ĺûоúȣһƬ˵죬˫ˮ 
𣬷Ĺ⣬ķҲԽԽŨɢһ˵ 
ķ飬绪仯ͯ£ԯĺеԼĺ 
ĸɺԣҲЩ
磶㡢ôˣƲǹɵĿʵ
ȣҺȣĺʶʼģ 
ģϵŤԯĺѵؿ 
ͷ¶ȡ
̣
ͯڲֵţľٶׯ 
̬ѾԲµԭˣ˴ҩʲôʱأһֱ 
һͻȻǸŮһƣȻҸ 
´ҩǸŮкıţͯ磵ֺȻ
䣡Żˡ磶ԣ㡢㡢ڵġ 
ץסֵС֣ѱɳƣȴԸС
Ȼͯ磴ʱѾʧȥǣһ˫Сֲϵš 
ĴϢˮȻޣ֡
ʹԯĺȴǾӵ֣׼ȥҽҩ 
һסҪ뿪Ĳ

еƵתһһصǰ˵Сֱ 
ץסţڻˣҺ㡣ͯʶ 
ЦţҸЦݴʹԭһֱûס 
ڵǸˡ
ȣţܡһҵĺ 
ս
òģҲҪסˣ
ȫʧȥ˼ɢŻ˴Ů 
ǰչʾ޵ջԯĺ˴ᣡ
ӴصĺŮĽڼžҹ쳣 

ϣҹ޼ߵĽŲȻסŮӵ 
ᣬȻţȻĽŲȴܿƵسԴȥ
ԽԽԽԽϤİ
ƿ˷ţȫԵԯĺһҲûҹ޵Ĵ롣
ᣣ߼ǰϤ޷ 
Գܵʹ
Ʋס˻𣬾˴ϵԯĺѸñӸ 
ͯ磵壬ٻعͷֻоһ˿⳯Ӧʱ 
䶼ûоͻ˹ȥҹɱ֮ʣͯ˸ס˿ 
ƲסشϢţͺù쳣 
ҹ޲Ծ
Զ˻ĽŲ˿ 
ͯ磣ԾݶһͬʧҹС
һ·ϣֵͯвŤҹࡣò 
Сľݣȴס˲һ˵ 
еȡ
ȣȡţʶŽ 
ĺ촽򦣬̲סһͬʱҲü 
ŵΪҩǷǸȭͷԾս 
Ӧɱģ
Ȼ뵽ڿջԣǸе 
޸Ǹˣĵһʹһָֻ 
ͯ磰˫ֲǻþʵ 
Һ㣬ΪʲôڲŻҵ˺þãþá
仰״ĵ׵һߣһ˿ʹҲʧ١ 
ֻʣۡ
һˡͷصǸ 
ǵоģ͵͵شϢţ㣬
ЦЦЦ༸ұ
Ҳ㣬롣Ǵۻ˵Ĵϣǳ 
ᣬ㾡е顣
ڶʱޡ
ۡҵʹʱʧʶͯ˲٣ 
ۣҹ޴ɬֻŮ֮ԭʼ貽 
Ū벻֪뽻֯ţӲֹͣ˶ 
һƬ
ҩջǳԽʹܣѹŤţ 
ҹ޲Ÿһضš
һŮϵĴϢһƬ
ҹݺĽҲ֪ʱֹͣˣ¶Ҳߵö㵽Ƭ֮С
һҹ飬صĺ
찡ɱɣĹͷҪɢһ㣬Ǳƴ˴ 
ᱳʹһҪ˵ۡ
ͯۺĵһоȴߣֻ 
ĨȷʵʵģؼǵҹǸˣ 
ֺһˣģһǳǳζ 
ģ壬Ҫ
֨ѽһűˣ˺ͫסˡ
˰壬һץᵽǰ˿¶磬 
ģˮδѵã졣˿ϵķ˿м 
ŻӣѾ׵Сӳĵǧģ֮زز仪 
ڻż֤컵ζ˼
ҹ޼ѵرסܿƵеˮ˷ 
еһľͰ
ͯ磺ȻܿɰҹԭҲ 

ˮͷűӱߵԡͰԣ 
ϵıƿذŵˮУϻĴл׵ضȥ 
ĺ
Ȼúܺߣͯе̲סҪҳúܳ 
ңѵ벻ΣءίЩǻ 
Ƶɤ˴ĵۡ
ǵģңһЩҹ޽ػعͷͣȴ 
ڿЦ̵һ̣ȴ̼ĻԺ˵ 

ͻȻҹһ󲽣˲ûӰԶڿ 
һ仰ԡҡ
һԵͯ磿ӵԶԶ̲ 
סЦڵıЦȫнҹ޶УȻ 
Щŭȴ¶ɵɵЦݡ

еСܰޱȣɴʱĺȴǳ
˭Ҳҿԯĺɫýһ㡣һֵ 
գ̸Ҳֻʾ⣬Ҵһ£ 
¡
ˣҹǸ²ˣǰǰ˵
ȥ
˭֣ǹڵˣô˭ĺң 
÷ûһ˿ͷüͷһûңһθоԼû 
ãӺֶ޴ӵ֪
Ծһֻ񱭣ʺѪȴ֪
侲˼֮ʣһͨ
ү
֣ʱʲô£ڹϣȥҸ 
ȥذڰ֣ʾȥ
ǡү˵ҲҪһˡǸԥص 
粻֪ʲôϢɫѿýû뵽үɫ 
ͷǲף
ԯĺǸŵϵͷһŲͷص 
ȥģ°ɣ
ǣүѸʧڡ





ڶʮ  ܰ

ʹ
濴ƺƽ˾ĻʹʵȴӿһнΪ 
ԯХѿɫ
ûһ˿ϢĻᣬԯĺһھԯХ
֪ҹ²ʲôˣ
ô֪ˣѵԯĺɵúɵضϵ 
ͻȻһöԯĺķԵģԯĺָס 
ö롣
ö롭ҹһֻ˵ٶ΢ЩУ 
ٽЩǣ֡Ϊ֪ġеĲ 
ˡ
Ǵȡ룬Ѩ֪ 
ö˭ģԯХۿ
˭Խŵǻԯĺʱѹ˲ȥֻ̫֪࣬ 
ȥ
޺ۡ˸ִԯХ³е 
һ̽
ҹޣҹУǣΪʲôҹ޴ 
ŮɫѵԭʶؼǵҹǸƼ 
֮ʹ˻
ҹޣϲ磶ҹˣҲ
ôڣһҹҲһ
һת·ն̮ǳ׵ľ
Ȼ䣬ԯĺеԼľԱôأǸ 
ǲزסΧˣƺУôЦѽج 
ج߳˻ʹţԳЦЦĲ
ѵעˣţӲˣԲΪ 
ԲڵһУҪҪʲôע 
ţţ
Ҳţ˻˭Ҳܰ߶ߣ 
ᶨǴ͸Ʋ㣬ֱʡ
ƼһѸٵΪǴ

ʵ۵̽ԯĺµһ鱨֯˾ĸ 
һɽׯʧ٣ܴѰ˹Ωܵؽš
漸Ϊͯ磵ʧٶҵذʱȴ 
۵ڰɽСŶݵطҸ
ƵȺɽ룬һ麱İɽƽϽһСľݣҰ 
Ʈ㣬˵ĵһоƬƺƮСľݵĶһ 
ʹɾĴ
˿̣ԶӰľݵæµš
ͯץĿͷ󺹵ĳʱΪȥϵĺ 
طԭסΪһˣֻǴԵظû 
ϸĵؽɽ䣬ֻһľݣԵЩµ 
įĻţԶоȺɽһ 
ôĹ¼šһ뵽ˣľ类ʲôŵۡ
Ժһˣ
ǵİҪŪģҪּҵ 
оûդôأȻɽû˻ҪŪ 
ܰļҵĸоǴ˿æµˣֲ 
ֻΪ£
Ū֮դԱСòãŻ 
֮
áЦЦּĹ
һҪһΧסĴţȻڴһƻ 
ʱƻ԰Щݮ˵òã 
Ƶģͯҡҡ䣬죬ߣ˵ô࣬ 

áеľͷعͷĺ촽ϷʵЦЦ 
ĻȻǻǱ߸һССĳһƬ 
԰𣿡
㡢㡢ô֪𾪵ؿ
ҸЦţ˵ΪҲ˺þõļҡ
ˮ飬̶˽Ļ˵һ仰
ֱסǸϾӨˮԺڵĵط 
ļҡ
ţţסصͷƲסµᡣ

մ£ϦͶ˵Ķϣ 
һۣܰӰӱĺܳܳ
ͯ磰ȫ˽ǰЦš
Զòãʣ䣬˵ 

áͷĶͷػص
ǣ㻹뿪𣿡ע۾ͯ磸оԼһ 
Ƭ˱ĺȴһҲ䣬ůĸо 

ҡ۾ԼʲôҲ˵ڣ޷ŵ 
Ҫôʱ뿪
һûԼɵˣԶ˿ţϵɱˣ 
ܸʲôŵҪһÿڵ⽣Ӱ֮𣿰 
磬ΣյҪȴһûδԵ
뿪һԹǸ˵ƿأʧ 
ϵĹƻԶֱȥ
з·һŨıˣʹһƬŨûĲ 
ʹκԣŵҡͷ 
Ŀڴ߽زģŹһ 

оˣʲôأ֪
ˮۿƺ̱մ˿ 
ǵľ
Ϊʲô﷢ֻǵߣȴ쳹 
ɽ塣
ĺʹʹԣԸ࣬Ϊ֪ 
Ļһ뿪ġ
ԽԽ̰ᣬȥգ϶ 
ΪһܷſᣬԸܣԣǣܳŵ 
δãԼ֪ٸһʱɣĺ룬 
һ
رţһ˿϶رţһԲ
ģҸȴʹš
뿪ǰ޺ĴظġҪ 
Ҫ
ѹĴǳǼһѱݡ
˽޷ѹֵйһĻ֮ 
·ɳĮеޣǶԱ˴˷Ŀ
ֱǵĻڼҪƣһ㡣
ɽҹˮ飬ˮľӨСϣҰ 
ҶϣضΪڵ˶š
ϼų۵ĹâɽеŨ¶ 
ɢȥܿһƬ
ƣ֧˯۵ḧϡϡ 
ǰȫŵĴСС࣬ô³Ū
̲סţͻȻһ̵ҺУ 
̧ͷһᡣ˺˵͵ 
оϵСһ͵͵Ŀ
ҪߣҪӨˮϴյ䣬 
͸©õξҪ뿪
ץס֣ڻҲڻУײ 
ĲȵĺţҺе䡣м 
һᡣ
ĿڴһҵʹסʹһȻ 
ץֻȴûзſֹؽ޷ܵʹ 

ôôҪ뿪ҪȥãҪ뿪 
һ˫üţĿע 
˵ٻԽԽǿңĿڵʹҲҾңؿҪը 
һ㡣ƳĿɿҧ˺ѷεʹš
ۣɺѪڲסңɿ 
Եһ첼ס˾ҪϵѪҺ
ڣ̲ס˵ϣ˿һ븲ϣ 
ʹطšȴûԱߵζŪһ죬ڵϰ 
סؿᡣ
ܸҸأԳţŴӵ
صײײصߣֱǵѪǸᣬ 
ں촽ӡһǣǹע޵Ũ벻ᣬһһ 
ߵ˷ţضȻһתš




ڶʮ  

ʱϵ˶·֪ʲôеҪ 
ץסʲôȴûסֻڰɪɪС֡
Ҫͯ磴оѣڴڵش
ǸΡǸΣһγˡ
ѪţҪ뿪
أ
ת࣬յİߴ廨ƺζֻ 
˿ա
ģţ
Žţ˵ϵıɿرСľݣһ 
ΧõСԺѰţ߳դΧԽлš
þõĻصɽĺȴû˴Ӧ
ô᣿ôأҹǻǰܡ
òãҪˣءһܲ˵ 
㵽ضһһؿš 
·ߵĺӰۡ
ʶվ֪˵դ⣬Ȼһգŵص 
־ʶ
˫ڰУ־ᣬ㵽 
ءΪʲôңʵץסϱߵդػصƽ 
ϣǹɿ־ĸоԾɰΧʹդԣһ 
أϥϣؿ
һֻӥɽþǻš

Ѿˣûл
ȥûл
˫ľݵſڴ԰׵͸ЩΣЩ 
ҵķ˿ڷƮҹԾעŴŵķһ 
أأڴǸ
˿̵ѾǸκ¶ĮĶݵͯˣ 
ûа취ǸڣֻһΪȴŮˡ
Դأء
˦˦ͷǿۣ˯Եģûл
أһľǰɪɽХĴţ 
شڵµŮϡ
Ƕڰ̲ס˳һǿ 
˶˫˫˽˴ϡ
͸źεĶͷ˵ȶ· 
̵֣˵ģġ
ӵģûл߳һ 
롣ǰļ尾˼벻Ĵߴ 
طȴģһˡ
ܵԵůе˶Ժۣ 
˵Ȼץס·þȫŬԼ 
ѡŬŬ첻۵ӣľۡ
𣿲Ҫ뿪ңҪءһԹԵģ 
ģԺﶼȥˣʧˡǰʵĿ 
š
оʲôں˵һֻܰؿ 
÷ӡ
ηģ뿪
ҪòףǿԼӿ˵仰
̧ͷɡ
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ǡҪʣҲ֪С磣ѣ 
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͢󺰣˶ԲԣΪʲôң
͢ת԰׵ϲ𣿡
ȥ˵ͯƿӣűĵذ 
Խ˳ȥ
ǰԺԺ֣ûУûУûӰ
ˣҪˡ
ڷᡣ





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͢׷˳ĬĬվǸıӰۣҲ 
ʣȴֻսȭͷʲôҲôİΪʲô 
Ϊʲôϲϱˣ
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Ϊ㻹ҪϲˣΪΣҡļȫյĶ 
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˯Ůӡ
޵ȴֻһ
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ˣ
ԵԵ˵ԾתţȻԵǷ 

һһ¿ʼŮĴԵƪʲô˳ 
أҵԵǲеΨһտһ
лл֧֣Ʊ~





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ûҬ׺б
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ůů
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ʮ  С

ۣ
㡢㡢㡭ֲΡΡָŴ˿ڵܡʳ 
ļһ𱸵ĻôҲ˵
ֻһһͷ˳췢ķۿСڵϣһץһ 
ۣһְһſֱִĹŽۺ۴ʱ³ 
ɫСˣεš
ôɰС꣬˭Ҳ𷣣ͯ磲һ 
ϲС
˭ҵĺӣôôûòԱ˵ĶҪʹ 
ǰָڳ۵Сʡ
ۿСƵ̧ͷһ˿޷ľ 
ǰ˫ƮΣþ˵С˿̻䣬 
κδﶼ޷ݵ
ޣܣһۻˣŶĺӣ
ǣСͷлӣִҲû 
Ļ򣬾µ٣ǣͣͣͣʲôأ
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һѹıУͰ׵ظӣСкƽ 
¶ְҵЦݣСѣЩ۾ˣԺ󲻿 
ԾҪ˵ͬ⡣
кһԲؿǰģͯһۣ 
ߵŤͷߡ
˼Ȼ뵽ʲô˷ܵػعͷе۵ݸ 
ԭصкֺõСк
ɰСѣùԣܸ߽ܲһ 
̫ȫˣ㲻û˵ϻʨŶؼҺò 
ãŹ֣һҰҲûУֻһֻ̰ʨӣͯݺ 
Լıɣͬʱڱ¶һ޺Цݡ
ĩˣۿкͷûкһ 
졣
ͯԹԵСվʵСѣ߽ 
Լ̫ܳ˻ᵣĵŶ
ķǵŮˣīĬǣ֣֣ 
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ʲôƵġƺһ㣬͵֣ͯ磵ľȣ 
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ͯϷӦ׷ȥǸӣ˵СһҲ 
ɰ
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ǺܲòΪŶ𣿡찡Ҫһ׷һ 
Сܣˡ
Ͻס֣ģ֣һСô 
мأһֲͦڵģһ⺢ӴСҪ๤Ūİɣ 
ĺӡǡĴŲ񰡣ôһ׹ʽСأ 
ĸûǮ·һЩϷİɣָ 
Щ룬ͬķĶЩԭ뷨
ŮˡĬȴֲԸſֵĸо 
ůǣ֣ôɭţҲû˦ôţ 
Ϊķ򡭡
峿ЪЪͯҲԭ˷ܱ˲ͣȴ 
׷ѹôԶֻüߡ
Сѣܸ߽ܲҵ׻жԶڣ̲ͯס 
ʳڡٲʣҪˣ
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㣬û˵ҪȥҼҰСк۵ɤ𣬻 
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˵İ죬Ҫȥһʱ䣬оԼҪ 
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ضӣ˵ΣյؿСѣɲ 
˵Ŷûո棬߽㣬 
º͵˵̵ÿҪˡ
Ҳ֪ѽСк޹գգˮķһɶ 
âһ
ʲôСŶͿʼѧˣְû̹𣿽 
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д
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Ťͷ͵ضһ߳ŭĺ 
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ͯ磵ڵϵǱī̲סЦ 
Ů˺ú棡ƭôȤҵˣҵģ 
Ȥ
㡢ߵˣȻһСӸ 
С̫ɶˣҲѵҾͲͯ磣 
ȥڿҪʱȴ˿ɶ
ٴ˹ȥָһ׵ľ룬ȴƫƫ 
ҪһɲǱ˹ȥˣôĺץ 

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׺·Ůӵļмߵ׷Ск 
ôãȴһ½ǶûСкǹⶺһ㣬 
ǰιϣʧ
ͯ磺޺޵ضǸСӰһСˣ棿ܣ˵һ 
ξеڶΣ
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ķŭǸӣǸӡзԼ˵
ŮôˣīźÿüͷضסԶıӰ 
һĪʧռͷˣôУû湻
ͻȻͷһ죬ۡһ˳
ǰͯ磽Ӳͣס˽Ųɣʱף 
ǳ˼£Ȼûлعͷ
ĳҭһֱûͣ£ǰҲûлͷ
īۣŭǸŮˣȻҲͷ 
ˣ
ͯ磸еʲôӺ˹ȱ˱סˣ޵ô 
ûֱ֣վԭء
㣬һ˺¡۵ƵشЩ΢ 
ĲʵΪԼݼ̿һʲôʱ 
£
˺һͯ޿̣תͷ¾ͻļȥ 
װݺݵض˵СϴȥҾˣҪ 

仰õͷСһ漴׽ĻУǣ 
ûмҡ
ʲôҲƭҪ˵ˣҲŵģ˵꣬ƿ 
ԴҪߣһֻССס䡣
ﲻҪҡԭֻΪȤΪʲô˵仰 
ʱôܣϰϰһˡ
ɣͷ˽еĸɽģǼ 
ҲǱﲻԤڵȾˣͷôܣ 
вҪԼӵĸĸ𣿡š
㣬㲻Щͬ𣿡ͷգգ̧ۣͷ 
һõЦݡ





ʮ  ҶѰ

˹Цִͯĵ﷢ëĸоع۲ 
һĳѪɫӣоµò˵٣ 
ħ֮˵ҲΪһɰС
˳áر𡯵㣬Ư㣬ûʲôѽšûע 
⵽µһľ⡣
û֪һͱһܳؤȥ 
ʱͳȥʳҵͷŪģ۾Ҳ 
Ūī࣬óŶ㣬īʱˡ 
գۣͯ˵ţͯᣬȴƺ 
ƽһ㣬ɰıˡ
ߵߣΪʲôԼ 
ģ㲻Ҿ𣿻ȥ¶Ժܱںð
㣬ʲô¶Ժʲôѽɻգۡ
֪ЦЦ˵ǰ 
ץ˵ˣԴȥȥĵط¶ԺһЩ޼ҿɹСס 
ĵطкܶһС
˵ŵĲɣƻȻʵ
죿ţôôţ⵽ʲôطѽô󣿲 
һɽɣûֵĲ䣿
ﵽĴţһƬ̵ɭ֣ʲôҲ 
֪һ
ǡɭ֡Իӣɵ΢ۣ 
˼ʲôٻشš
ɭ֣ʲôطһʡģ
ɭֶ֪Ǳ̫ܻ 
ˣīתĴָϵָɵš
㣬ɭ֮Ĺ硣һ 
̽Եʡ
֮ͼô𣿡Сѣǲ 
̫СŪˣЦʣЦԴŽš
ģ֮ͻһ᳾û 
ȥֻ˵㲻֪ǽǴģһһ 
͸ԽԽ־ӣԼǲ˵ˣ 
Ǵģôƽ޹ʳһ治һġ 
ɭ֣
ͻȻץסļ򣬡֪֪ʲô
Ȼһı顭֣Ȥ
ʮꡣһһֵ˵Ź 
ÿһ飬˿Сеģֻͯ磹𾪶û 
ע⵽
ˣˣԽʱˣɴȹĹװкİ 
ңŵֲãôһ¶ûУµ÷ 
ζĿԭʼɭ֣Ļʨأԭԭ 
ԭԽˡ
˺þãþãȻʵ
ն񣬷·̵ı飬ī˵ü 

һһĵŴڵĻʵ˭ҵ 
ĸ
ѵúĵظʵԯХ 
֮ʵʵ۲ס
ʲôⶼЩʲôѽʷϵĻЩѵǼܿ 
ʷṩϢԶת˿ûע⵽вѰ 
Ĳм벻
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һᣬͲŴͻȥˣһת⳯һ 
ȥ
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ɭƯôã̫ˣҪĵطǿС 
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Ͷһů״֣ůůҲһ 
ǻǻȥ
ܵĴ֣һٵСɽ£ס 
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ΧȻ˿óһĶڣԼУͯƺ 
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أˡòýȥ
ʱ֪СȻһ˶ 
ЩѸٺϣһʱӦȵǿұ仯ֻסۻ 
ͲʡһۣݺСȻⶴľ 
סˡ
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ҹ飬ӫ׵ҹ͸ӳڵϣĵص 
һֲظŵҡ
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ͯ磲ɵۣԽԽеɻСʲôط
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û㷴Ӧأ
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ࡣֻоҹͯ磲ûע⵽˿˵
˴Լʮӣסػͷͯ磼ɲסŲͻȻ 
ͣҲ˵һһû𾪵С
ǰֵʲô˭ܸ
һ޴ҶڣӨ͸ıڰУֳһֱ 
ҶҶʯϣȻһ߶Ⱥƴıڻɣ 
رܹЩƵ޷졣ﾰʽ 
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ټҶм䣬һȻĺԣͨ͸ıӰˮе 
׺ɾǺİߣɼһЩ۵Ĺ͸ 
ϸһǴ۵Ĺ⾹ĽӺ鱦ģżɼС 
ȥʳĵذ壬ȻʯǸһ㵭 
񣬹Ӷݻ
ҶǰϹˮٲȻİɴڰգ 
ɴסžϾڴĲԶһɵʯ̨Լ 
а˸ߣֻƱɢϣζΧ
ྐྵȻһױ̨ݻޱȣʯǶǿϵͭ 
ϣһľᾲ̨ϡ
һ۵Ĵӷױ̨ߣҲʲôֵǵ䱦 
ɣ
֪ԼǲΣϣôĵطڣ





ʮ  ľٻ

оѣħһױִ̨ǹϵľᣬ 
һ˲䣬ƺеԼıʲôһ£һɻҸͲɣĸ 
ϯϤĸо֪ǷĻþһ 
һеģһŮġ
ҪÿͷŮӽŽ
áӳޱȵĵͳɤŮӶԻ졣
һǺãŮӲٴ
ֻҪУҶ壬Զᡣ߰ 
Ũޡ
ǺǡŮһЦŶ

ΪʲôΪʲôĸоʹʹģ첻ܺˣʹ 
ȴҸķΪʲôǸŮӵ˭ϤϤ 
о
ͯ磰סؿڣʹü
ͻȻϵľᱻһĵγѵصڵϣоһ 
˫Сţʪʪģۿȵģˮȴ 
ģ𣿺ֵĸо
öڵϵľᣬþò
㣬ôˣֱСеͯŴ롣
û¡̧ͷһЦǡĻþɣ̫ 
ҲΪط̫
ī
ղӡȻ۵ĸоôܣ 
ʱȤˡ
ͻȻһͷŭΣյȴһҲû 
˵СûʲôԵģ㲻ȥôѽȻ 
ƭңףôͻȻˣɪŸԼֱۡ
ҧһɱղŽɢȥԵĶ 
ߡ˵꣬Ҷȥͯ磺ظߣֻʯ 
һ˵۾һʱǰһʯѸٺ˲ƵԱߣ 
÷Զţ
ۣͯ磿ǰľ󣬲̾Լѽ԰һ 
ʲôѽȻеˮ԰ͬһ 
ʱѧϷƺѽͣͬڵˮͬѵ 
¶ʪô漰ѧˡһʺԺ 
ŵıȴůвڻʻûд𰸣 
󡭡Щˮ
ûԵʱڿˣƽʱֻЩˮ𣿡 
Ӳȱʻ֮֬Ӫ𣿿Ҳͦġ
ҡҪڻشʱһ뷨Ժһ 
漴ѽֻܳЩ㣬ѵ 

ȻУȻҲϲˮҲܳ 
ɣ֪֪˵һҪٵЩӪɷ֣ˮֻܲ 
άأôôأĺӣ㡢㡭 
ʲô֣ͻȻ뵽
ǴѪɫ΢ۺıһ 
һī˵ţýڵд
ŶԭȻ㶢Ǹ֡
Ĵ߸ֳһ˿ԲЦ
ðɣҲιôĵطķϣҾΪ 
һЩζǴϵҫ㡣ɵؿ 
Ө׵С֣˫֣ôҲǻ˵ְ
ɵյصʲôҾԣС 
һߣһĳգȻĺþû³ˣҲ 
ûɡ
ţժһӣĿ⣬ص峺ĺ߳ 
һץ޼۵䱦͵о
ģľٶīʧЦֻǣȻ 
ԼĨ磬Ȼֻһ˲䡭
һ죬ۣϴ֣뵹ͷ˯ȻԼѾ 
ûϴˣžӨ͸ϾŪ漴ڴ 
š
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е
㣬ҽмīҪīɡίͯ 
˲θС
ðɣī㶼ϴģԵֺã 
סЦһĲ˳һű顣
ﰡһͷаһЦָԶ 
ź˵
ʲôۣҪ⡢ϴ裿ɣŤͷȥ 
ͷı飬ĬȻ
ôϴѽźȻˮ峺кܶ䱦 
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ӰķȥףСأ쳤СӣԼ 
һССš
Χôأǲ˽ģС˯ˡ
ߵױ̨ߵһԣƿӵĸǣ 
ҲԼ˵
Ȼһӵ·ǿʽеģֻСһ 
ôǴأһԭµģȻôôأ 
˺ϲɫɫĿۡǶ˳ 
Ȼܾû˴򿪹ˡ
һɫͭǰԿһӶЩ۲ 
󣬿Ƕ͡ˣǿŴɣܲһֱɣ
·ĵߵŵıڻǰᰴǸŦѸٺ 
£˿һ˿϶ź£˲䣬Ǹϼµ 
ۣǹһĨЦ
ĵ·ߣϵ·ӵһԣ 
ں߲壬̾һʱ̡
һǼִ˯һӣϾ 
§ס˿񱻣ͷ˯
ȵĺޣʱʯڵŴˣī߳ 
ְŹϡߡ
˱ʤѩ֥üʣˬߣˡ
˯գмֳˣӲ֪һŮ˿㣬 
һ֮ԣĻ
ŮˣȤ뵽ΪӲӯЦ 
⡣
һ˵Ϯף۵ϸ䲻аȣֱ 
ͦı۵ľǻŴɢ㣬 
һĨаЦգۼͬߡ
ƺоʲôԼ࣬ϰ˱˯ͯ磶˶ 
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ֱۣסϸСƽһΣ˰ȵ˯ȥ
ﲻ֪ǿͣů⼸Ⱥ
˯ţ֪˶ãͯ磸еԼе˯涼ߣ 
ʱǿۣůıģͷԼ 
§֮
һž·ۿСʱǰüҪƿΣ 
֪ʲôȻôСô˴ģƶƲ 
壬ƺͬһСζȡ֮һֵ 
ζһظ߹ŶȻĺɫޡ
ɫ٢һ˵ÿһɫ٢޻жסһ飬 
԰ʵеԸǣҲнǾѪ 
ֻҪԼѪȥǺɫ欵٢޻еľͻʵ 
еԸֻѪ࣬ΪȰҶĸо
٢ޣɳĮıĻ䣬ĮУûһҵ٢޵ 
ܹȻ뿪֦Ҷ欣о綾޽⣬Ҳ黨





֪֪ͨͨ

ǣ²ϴģһϴ£ϣϲ 

ż
λؿɣٺ~ƱƱƱƱ





ʮ  Ϸͼ

һ˵ĮϵΪʵеĳͷĮе 
ĮˮƹܡֱˮһѰˮԴŮ 
ϵŭҪˮ꣬ĮԼ˼ֻ 
ΪۣϵˡϵΪУֻˮ磬ԴˣɳĮ 
ˮ٢ҲΪĻ䡣綾
ޣջԼǿĻ֣ɫ䣬ޱȣħŮ 
׸аԴͷʹմȾа
ɫ޻޼İ͸𣡡Ԥ֪Ͱ
ͯԺлŹ޵Ľֿͣ־ǻȥ 
ÿֲĻСϵ٢޻㡭
սжʱȫһɻˣ 
ƺԴϣôôص㣿ɻ֮ʣ 
С˶Сز˲Ĳӣȵĺڰ 
һſɰ˦˦ͷ˰ɣ 
СͺаСС;ͰŪˣ
̾һһָС˴Ҳ֪ 
ǲˣҲҹģۻ˯еС 
ΪǺñӣ°Ϳţطʲô 
չ֡ģѾӦСҪ͵ģܲʳ԰ɣ
һ˫µµתţЩδѵУ֮
۽ƳҶĵĺһ۵°ڣߵ 
һͬѧȥ¶ӪʱѧĿ˰ɣ
۽űϥǰ¶ϸ۵Сȣۻü͸ 
˼ޣֻǵ˻ȻǸ䡰͵ˡ
㣡һӺдʱǱ˿ 
зغϵġսˮޱȾճϣһ 
ͷںڵ㷢ҲŪʪһ룬ԣҪЦ˴ϵǸ 

ϷҲ˺þˣϷͼν൱ʰֳ 
ӣǸˮˡǹһĨаȵЦ 
ȤǺǣǶԵģΪζ˲Ȥ 

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ࡱһһԼصͻȻӺ䵽˰ߣ 
ڰʹҪغС
ֻ˴΢źС죬 
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ϣֻǸСԾԭ˯á족ӣĻþ 
ҡҡͷȥ
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Ůˣ̫Цˣ濴䵭û뵽˽ȴôԺ 
ǣ档
죡˭Ҫô׵ģǰŪ˲ϣô 
һ͵㣬ҪŪ᲻˵㣿ں 
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Ү۽ĵƳ˯ˣҪôأʧһС 
ɲһķ
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УСϱȽòã룬ȴûƿ 
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㣬ǽʲôòơ桱ʡ

㣬ץ𣿡
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ǡΪΪϴţԣϴţ
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Ŷ֪ˣһǿЩ̫˲ĳǣ 
ڡġظһ̨¡
ԶԣҲûô࣬Ͻ͵ǾͲҪ 
ˣԵˮάأ
æͷӣ˫һ˿Ц⡣
ߣһ̰֪֮⡣
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һѴִӵ֣ԭλϣ
һֻСȥǸֱϣ˵оС 
üһԵ˵
㡭˲ˣÿζعأһ֣ڴϡ 
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ճ
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棬ġڵŲŲӡôоô֣ģ
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գۡβīϴġ
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ЦǹһĨĳ֮Ц
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ǣһ㵭ˮµС˵ģȾһ 
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ǣ
īƺе˲Ϣ





ʮ  ڰ֮

СǳȥɣԶǡ
ȥЩɳƵɤôôɣȻץ 
ľͷһںȥĿɿڴ
⡢⡢ⲻǾղźȾӣζ˵ֱһ 
ˣ
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ܰϮеˣô£
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ôûûȥŴʲôӵģݵ񣬳ͷ 
˳ʲôѽСӣ㲻Ҫңˣ˵ 
ˣа˵ŴкܶʳŶԣǳȥɣ 
˴
ȥɲºÿüͷΪΣ˵Ҫȥ 
ʱô˵Сӣʲôشһ¡ 
ȥӣ㾪׵ģ»´ң 
û湻ԣûʧȥȤܷߣԭ
ǽ㣬Ҳ֪гڣҴû߳ȥѽ
šҲ˵ѣģһҵڵģ 
Ȼصһļ¶ĵ˵
Ŷģһҵڵģ٣һû湻֮ǰ 
Ц

Ѿüˣﶵתתüˣһͷû 
ɭ֣ôԹһ
ͯű֦Ƶдţǲƣ 
֮ɫףǰôиɽйâ͸ӡ
۽ǾҪȥ
㣡·īеʱ
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͸˷ܡ
ǰһָż̧žߡ
ӰԶһĨóѵЦϡ
ɫٴΰνġ·ǲݴпճһ 
족Уˣ
ƣߣһȪ̱ȥð 
ȪˮУһľ⡣


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Ц
˵ҪȥǺǧټƵѰ·ȴǧټƵ 
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飬ȻҹԣȴܸоڵʵУ뿪 
ôϰҸٴӦ¶

ôԸһˣͷϣҲܺ 

ͷϣǣңԶĴʣȻܹȥ 
ǶôǿҵĿ





ʮ  ī

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촽΢ϣΣʹǰȵĴӡġ 
ůůģģġ
ͣһ˳֮ʣӭһ˫ 
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
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˸ɵʹ¶۰͸磬һ 
ƿĿ⡣
ʱ
ŶǸպãҵһ³ȥժЩҰˣҪҪȥһ 
ֱֱվڴ룬ƣɢȥ˫ΧԼתһȦѹ 
ѹ
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ϴ
ʱ侲ߣֱһӰƮԣĬصȴš
˵
ǣһˡ 
κδĶɽׯȻû
ī۽һɨע⵽ĿǼɢϵۣ 
ɻѣīüͷ壬һ䣬ʱɱ
˸ϽĿ⣬ǰ¸
Ĭ˺һɱ⣬Ѫ㰵ӣ˵
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˵
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ԼڣԶᣡ
˭˭еĹͣ˭˭ת֣ǰĳķ磬 
޾İ˵ľꡣ

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￴˿ûСǳȥ˰ƲƲ죬ţ 
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أĺɫĲ
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£һĨĺɫָӡٲȻӡһϣȥ 
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Сɻ룬ȥû߼ͣ
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ءͻȻһоӵ½ǱʲôסˣϤ 
龰ͷһͷʨ
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Σ
ֻʨڴķߣʣҪҴȥҽ 
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ɣ¶ҲȻʵڵһ 
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ȥ̫ࡣ
ǿȥ
ʨʾŵϡ





ʮ  ɶ

ɭŷԭѾʱˣڻʨ棬ƹ˺ܶ 
ǰȻһԭûеС·ȵ죬ôͻȻ 
·ڲģ·
;ϢһӣǼǲͣС·ߡ
մʻ䣬ûڵƽߡ
ȻۣδͣڣǰԼɼéݡ
ǳˣĵУڳˣǹ 

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ҽ
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췢Сϣ˭Ҳһ
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ҩѾˣСҪɢȻȥˡ
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ԶıӰ˲ӣæȥ






ʮ  ļī

һعҩ£īɫתȴһֱ 
ûѣͯ磵ǵŸ֮շɻָʶ
ÿղͿظȥҩ˼ССֲϣ 
ʤգɰͯòᡣһִ˾Ȼ˵ 
ʱϹŶ̫ˡ

һˮڴϸ漴ī壬һӰͶ 
ĬĬعۿһת뿪
ιȥҩ𣿵ȵңס߳Ժӵ
ͷϸרע⣬۾ 
ţǾѣĸо
ҪȥС
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ˣҰеĲˣİɣҲģ֪ 
ôĹģûоһ˹ԹԴ 
ѹţ
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ƯĿ³ȷӲΪҴ鷳
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еĹŴָᷢǿŮĶŶأ 
ʵڲ˵
ô죿һûļʲôӵġѵһӶ 
ܳȥ𣿡ɥصͷʧһ̲ 
סҪڴӦ
Ȼ뵽ʲôӲѹһУȥЩ 

һԾ˲ʧǰӦʱ䶼ûС
ʲôûйں׷õôôŭ 
š鲽صߡ
ʨ˳ؽԣĥš
̾̾Ҳȥſϡ
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죿
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ղŵ龰ָУ죬ֵҲҪȥ 
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ͯ磣ָ̣ʲô֣Ѻõ֡
ס֣һƬ֪˾
Ҳһʱ˵ĹУܾøĪ 
ϵƵġ
ͯ磺Сһżī֣һֹס˾ĸ첲 
õջߣڳ˱СšСٺ٣ͦ 
~
ڰҹɫīüͷŤһĽᣬ 
ŮסԼĻ˶Ҳĵط 
Ҳһۣһôģһᣡֻǣڵ 
С

ƣڣ·Ʈ㣬һƬ㴺
ƽȵСһнżһЩڵϵ 
ӲݣʯʱƵ졣
˺˯бһΪƵ֮ϣ㼡壬ѩ 
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£ͬǰǺ˵
˯˻֮Դ֪ҲûԸݵ˯ݡ
ûҪٸ׵ߣ˾ 
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Ц⡣
ãֻֿҪߣֻؿ 
ӡ
˾ةǿУغ˲żüãةģ 
ţվЩסؿһֱ 
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˾һЦÿɷԾճյǸ
˾ˣ벻ȾϷŭΪɱة 

ӺαŭҼѾ㲻ٸı䣬ᡭ 
ȥң᲻áᶨԡ
˾һ䡰᲻áǰ᲻ã 
õɣͬԼ㣬۸ִֻۣߡ
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˺ɫаѪ˷һ˫Ƕھ 
¾׵ĵСϣԵޱȹ졣
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ѹȸøʣһתѣҲ 
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ĿһޱȵĿˮһ 
ɫȹʹƮݳ֮ͬˡ
Ǻ~Դδѵ״̬΢УԵȻ 
ޣǰ̲ס¹һ²̫Եĺᡣ
ԽԽ롰һ֡
ɵ֣˵Ϯȥ
͵ر˴ӱݺһЩǱصصŶһ޶ 
˯ϣأˡСīָͷǸ 
ͬСոգһͳԵĶˣ
ˮˣīѹǻŭ𣬵٩
Ե򴽣üһ壬ǸɰС 
һ㶼ɰǰãСƨôԽԽˣ뵽 
ˣɻؿ
īҲӭĿ⣬˫ɫޱߣѱ棬 
εؾȥֻ硣
ͯ磵Ŀ⿪ʼˣĿ⣬ôһ 
ĺУ
˰ɣһˣ
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ȫסġī˿ĨаȵЦ
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͸˼ƵģЩЦ˵
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Ϊ˵ǵĽǵطǵҲѡ 
ģÿһǧѡɳۡһΣζȷʵʹ˻ζ 
˾һԻ˵ţԾĨ˵Ц
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Կ㣡˾ɵһЦδ˿ɰģ 
Ϊأģκ¶Įģû뵽Ҳ 
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ԱߣĲӣһõģ˾ˣǵģ 
ΪǴûôӴ
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õɫһקĲӣһ§һЦ˵š̫ 
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ɬҸǵ۵ס
īŬס籡ɱ⣬ʱҩɫѾ 
ܿƵת죬˵ǧתоһڸ 
òɢȴѹ£ָоʲôҪչӸͨ֫ 
ٺ
书ƺɹգɫͯ磻 
ϵС֣ĬĬصһԡ
ͯ磲̧ͷȴֻǣɬЦЦ 
Զס
Ȼּīù֣Ծɿ˾ӵ֣ 
īߡ
Сī㲻𣿡еָ̧Ķͷ
žīһĿ˫Ӵ˿̹ 
ë
Сī۾ôͻȻɫӵСī 
İҲÿֲ
īû˵һ˫Ѫֱֱض˿Լ 
ǰ飬ԺռԵأĿ⣬Ѫ 
쳣




ʮ  

Ȼ
žһͯ磺ݺڼīԴϣǹĪ 
СīŻأǱŴģûûСԺ׼ 
ңСԳҪ𾴶ûȥ 
ְڻȥĿ⡣
͵رһǿΧסǿϢ 
ܸеճ϶ȡ㡢ıɱɳƵ 
³ÿһֶԵޱȡ
оЩȴȻ޷ѡ
Ҳ֪Լ̶áһ͵ü 
ӿͷЩȴûǹҲС
ֻеĪʼ磬εճ˵СӱţСӣ 
϶ȱĸСû˵Ҳɣ
΢΢Уڵ֮һССߺ 
˷һƬַǷķپһ޼Ĵ 
ֻǱȺƺЩĸо䳤󵽵Ĵ 
ɼȴҲͻͨϰտദõҲͦгû 
зʲô˵֪ǷΪһֱӵĴ 
ͳ
ӳһ϶Уͯ磺۲ãյó 

û߶ãǱһģĿջǰͣ
סɫõصݸһƤߡ
ߣʲԸùϣ̫ˣճò 

һ˵Ŀⶼ߿ǿ 
ǡߵλˡһ޹꣬һ䵭ţʽȻ 
ͬվһӵĿתǣ 
ġ
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Χ۵Ŀ⣬ߴǣһһ˽ȥīĬĬ 
ССȭͷսǸŮˣĲ֪Լ̶ 
ˣָоʲôҪ籡ĵȸС
һǡϺŵһСһӶʱͷɥ 
ССӣô޸ͬʱӵλˡ
һݻľ¥
÷⡡ʡʡͯſ 
ϣغŴʵҵСо̫ѹ˶Ҫ 
ȢôţñĽȥ£ٺ~
ǺźţΪʲô˯ˣƤ̲סڴܣɲ˯ѽ 
ʳûأ
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Ÿող˯𴲶ѡ
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δӣֻһԳؿԡ
ȻԵЩĳȴһҲ³ 
ǴСɵϰˣ۵רҵģض
ףǶ𣿡ЩԾ̧ͷ 

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κβ뷨ȴױȡ
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졣
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ұؾǵþ¥ڵͶע 
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ϡ
ǸˣĸоʶıӰǸһֱ 
Ѱҵˡ

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ҳ𰸡
λˡһλƺ죬һʱȴδ 
˭ֻ롰ԵһλһаŮװˡ
аŮװǺǣδй¡
СīȥҸͯ§żīε 
̡ʱһõ˼ԼͿԷ 
ˣܲôһǰ;ĺӸôƯһӰɣ 
εģܵΪĽһ¡
ңôͻȻīתߵ 
ߵľС޲ǣ᲻ 

ôţͷβѽСīӦǸƯĵط 
ɣϣϲϲҲûϵٴȥĵط 
ΪġסŶڻ۵˵ţʵҪи 
ˣЩ᲻ãϾһҲˡ
īüŮ˵ʲôΪʲô֮ò̫Ծ






ʮ  ͻ


Ϊ˷ǣͯѻŮװ˾ָԭװ 
ɴȴڲȥ˼ñŮӸĵұ 
ӣ룬һ˫һ۲٣ϵ˶̲ס࿴ۣһ 
ɰ㿡Ͼӣ˾ʳ֮һ 
˵ע⣬Щפعؿڵʿڼʱɵصݸ 
ͨ뺣ֱӷУ˿ûлǷδ飬Ϊġ 
ǣһشգѻ֮˲ɽǡ
ͯҪЮŴϵļīȻû˹ 
ǷˣһʿĿԶȥ
ԵĽֵ޼ضΪһն׼ֻ 
ĵ
ȷʵǸסĺõطټĽྻֵÿÿǰ 
мƷָĻڣպǰٻŵʱڣƮ 
˵Ļ㣬ָĻһȴ˿ң 
ʵСҪǹŵʽ¥ΪԼŷ 
Ľ
һŵĿջסջ᷿Ҳÿһʻ 
ͯ磸̾࣬Сķ̬þˣܾúصִ 
ʱÿŲͬүʻ׷Ƶӣһ£ȴ 
𸴣ܶûģûͶӾͷˣֱ֪ô 
ȻҲкĵˣֻǣΪԼȱ顱ֶܾ 
Ǻܷˣ˾˷˯ʱ䡣
ǣأ֪Ϊʲôһ뵽顱ľ 
ÿģʧʲôƵģȥҲ֪Լ 
ʲô
ʲô
벻
ڴѾõʢڵ
һգŽعرţǵİ飬ˣʿ 
ûУΪδʿѰǵԵȥˣ
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жɡ
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ֱڽĹѰţҲСӣڴ 
ԼеŮ
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һСӰߣĥĥģߴߴ֪ 
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˵ˣҾȳͯ磰һǣУ˷ 
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ЦΪһ죡ôԲȥأô˼ 
һ찡ٺ~Ч
ԽԽԶĽСӰ˶ʱŭ죬ȴ޿κΣ 
ô֪ôƤһ棿̾˿ֻܰ
ǽأ˳ڵòʣ෼İĹ 
ǰԽΧԽƣģ˵ߡ 
һֱ׷ĽŮӣԽԽԶֱʧǽĿС
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ȥǿɶŮˣƿӣ˴ջ¥ 
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ŭ˵һǣӰ˲ʧڿһ˵ĿջС
ףѽôԽԽƫƧȿ˵ͯеĺ 
Ĵ۲İĵط찡·ˣ
ԽԽۣԽԽƣƤʼ£ô 
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һӰںߣزϡϵѪ˿ 
飬ľȻش˿־ۺۣƺһо޹أΧ 
һ˵ԶԶģܸܵɢı䣬ܰһ 
жᡣ
Ȼʲô̧ͷվ𣬲˲䣬 
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ӦԷǰ죬չģӰǶ㲻˷ֵ 
ŮͬЩɬɬؿһڵġˡȴ 
ҿɢһɾǧ֮ĮϢ
Ӹɴһɨʱͬһ磬ЩŮӷ 
תͷٿһЩӲؿžͬЩŮֵķ 
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УǸ뿪ͬЩŻȻ߿
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ǵģôô챻סˣŮӲĹԽԽ 
Сȴһֲ©شӶС
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ϤϤϤĸоȫ 
ƵطţеǸҲץˣֹؽڷ 
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ȿȣ˵ˣΪǰʵ̫һ͸ 
˸˵ܱŴôģû
Ĳʣ΢΢ſֻԾȦţһֻ 
ֲΡΡ̧СĦɴ΢һɴ 
䣬Ϊ˵Сһسǰ
֪ΪΣͯ磾ȻһҲûֹ뷨ֻǰźɫ 
ɴӰɴ䣬Ҳ۵Ĺ¼ţҲ 
ĶҲĪϤУ֮ܵز뿹ܡ
ݺݵطס۾ǰҶûժ 
ֻ°һǾͲɷ˵ӣ⡢⡢Ҳ̫˰ɣ 
ŵһμ桪ԼУƺһɫķ
ŷ˼ԼƵĲӿռ 
һĺףŨҵϯԵᶨ 
ŻıǡγǿҵĶԱȡ
ͯ磿Ҫʱ򣭣
ڸʲôһŨŨķŭΣյ˽ 
ܸоʹĵ˺
ԺУͯ磸оڷſĴȴεȦ 
ʣһϢʼΧĿǸ 
ˡ˳̧ͷſС
Сī
ǸƯڰеСī
Ǹ˿̺췢ſڷзˣǸѪĺдɱ֮ 
ħһˣСī
ͯ磲ŵصɴ۾ǸϤİļī
ʱīѪҲת˹ɨ׵Ĵʱ 
һУ˫ȦסĴָ֡оٴӿ 
ӿ
ʱ򣬺ϵϢ
֮ͬһ
~׶µ˭˰ɡżǵСīīҪ쭿~Ϸࡣ 
)





ʮ  ī

Ȼеļīһ㳯Ϯ˼ӷſ 
§ס֣뼴īӰһһСȰڰн 
ţ˴˵ʽͯ磵һڵϿǡͬʱҲɻ 
֪Сīô书Сīʲôˣ
ȵȵ𣬺˺ţɱɱ 
̣īֻͷûйôǿҵɱ⣬ڿ 
ǵһѾˣʼˣôԣģ 

뷨ŨңǹԽԣϵس 
֫ٺѪҺÿһܵУܸоѪҺٶ 
мܣȴԾǿǰĺ˺šҪɱ 
ʼб䣬ƺЩмܲסĹơ
أīееѪҺţҪһʹ
ۡǱ书£Ȼʱ͵һѪɺ 
Һӿͬϸ꣬һſд󺰣Сī
лͣ˹ɴī 
صˤڵϡ
Ҳûˣֱͯߵī߱Ĳӣ᲻Ծ 
˳һŭź˿޺˭ǲһμ棬 
ֻǸӣôĴߣĺߣһѳ° 
ϵĺϸС߶ʱҶһƮڵأͬģ 
ݺݵˤڵϣʹԸӡ
˵ǵһμİˣ˵̣˵Ǹǣ 
Եĺ߸Ӧá
ǶıǶĳͷ
͸Һȵۿﻬ䣬ĵطص׹ 
ӿ޵ıһͬ׺ɣɪɪ䣬 
λã˿ڣεѪҺ
ʹؿһۣ΢ʧڿСȫ 
ĹעżīƵûע⵽뿪
ôˣȻطƫƧƾо 
Ĵ˾ܿҵ˴˴һѪļī 

Ҳ֪ء˿ڡͯţСĵ 
ȥǵѪ
Ȼȥ˵˵գ뱳īһͬ뿪ҵĵط 

ᣬδɵѪѪģð죬 
ƫƧ֮ƺЩ˵ȥ˲·һĹ 
ֻΪ˵ȴǵĵ
ܣһƬŵİȻ
ʻ׷ʢţѪҺζƮɢڿУĻ䣬ȴӳ 
˵š
ңһǣǣǣߣɾ˭Ե 
˭ģ˭Ե

ջ
ֲͣڼīϴϸС룬˾ץҩ 
ֻʣ۵ǵͯ磣żī֣ʹı飬ʱ 
ܵ亹ֱð˫۽ա
ȻתͷһۣڵȳȥҪΪơ
УҪ͵ҡԴ
ܣҪ𣿡Щżشߴš
ͯ磿˿ɫļīվҪſ֡
뿪ңīۣקֲţ 
ע뿪
ͯ磸Ͻ˻ȥҲߣߣ𼤶
˼ī԰׵ȻһʹȻǺ 
˹¶ӰǸˣΪʲôΪʲôĸоرʶ 
ȴ·ʲôģÿÿǲ֣С 
ᣬģĪʹ
鲻Ĳɵġ
׼Ҳ׼ϵļī͵رҪƵĴ߶ 
ϵϤƳ˫ץסļѪĴ 
ȻȴһŤĿ־С
ʹƺйͷѵҵʹӼҧ 
ס´ҪҧѪ
ˣҪÿī֣ȻȴôҲòīʱ 
飬쳣ֲ˺ɫĹâаȣѪ 
뾪һʱӦ˵ﲻԣǰ 
ǰ㣬ֻãжûı 
ˣʮꣿҲʮˣ򣬸á
ȻڷشĶУ۾ 
øˣͯ磣Ѿ֪ηӳˣī
ץͯ磼ѷſڴһǣʹ˺ 
һͷſĺ췢Ѹţסϵ· 
ѣļǰ壭Բ˼ 
ٶţܿ죬˺٣Ҳʼֹͣ
ϵֲϵĳʱһ֮չǰ 

ĵӴ˿רעؿѶֱͦı 
һűԸеعаšǿϵ 
֮һǣеŮԷ񡣶ϱǵò 
ǵûʹ¶ǸӵԿġ
˵ȴԼһʵҲ֪ԼҪ˵ʲô 

ˣǸҹദСī
аȵˣˣǣī
ǸСһϦ֮䳤ˣ
˭ʲôѧݣʲôѧݿοһ£
ϲҲֹ£ǣʵǣ 
ȷȷʵʵۿˣ֤ʵ
īͷ۱˺ȻԸеǣһĨջ 
Цָȶ΢ŵĺ촽ظĦţشս 
Ƭ˵Ĵһһţ·Ҫʲôֻ 
ζ
ŽߵаȿطӦˣֻһ 
ķ
ӻ˼ˣСīô
ڼīʱ˳ȥһУܿعɣ 
пЦ
㿴ң𣿡ĴīаЦʡ
ͯ磶ʱѹҿҪȷʲô 
ɥ̾̾ͷôԸеһͿ̫ 
ˣ߹Ȼǲƽģ
״̧С°ͣյôˣ
ҡҡͷǰСīˣڰ
ԣǺһЦаȵֹʣӽԺֻ 
ڵļīôϲڵ𣿡
Ŭһ󣬵óһۣ̫˧ˣ 
һܲιȥ
ֻôֲڵָĦϸ۵
žͯһѴֵ֣ڳˣٶҺ 
вոţΪʲôԼǶ 
˵Ǹأ
𣿡ЦԸеĴٴѹġ
ͯƿǰĻӣôôа
ҡԺͲˣԣˣҪô 
ҪİɣˣΪʲôЩ᲻أͲһ 
ͶԼˣôʹڡǡ 
Ӳٵÿĸ飿
˦˦˼ҵӣ췢̫ˣҪú롣
һܳ䣬ͷҲصسһ䷿ȥֱӺſغ 
ŵ롣
ıӰааһЦӰɣӽҲӳ 
ҪӱôǸⲻ֤ио 
𣿺Ǻ~
ɣīſỽһź췢
ĬĬ˷䣬վһԡ
׼عһУ
ǣ˳˷䡣
ǰعĵ¹ĺڰûȥˣһ 
ΣҪڰŮˣһͬȥս

ǺǣǲǺܲϰСīī˱





ʮ  а

ҹ
һͨĿͷڣ㹻˯Ĵľϣһϸޱ 
ӷȥʱƵغһȻʧߡ
ͯ۾ֱͷĴᣣ죡˯ţ
ԴԺÿһҹӵżīС 
˯û飬ߣ
֨ѽһźȻƿǸɫ 
аӣߴںڰлƶȻɢһ˵ 
ƣ·ûȻͣ£ƿӵһ 
һذԼȥֻǣ˿ε 
ǶŮӣ§סıԼǿȵػС
һŴ󴲣ռԵС࣬ߴӵģ 
ޱȣĴСպúʡ
ںڰҹɫУŮĽӶ˿ãȦø 
ҹɫޱߣĨаЦ⡣
ͯûзжԼʵܾ 
ջ壬Լһֱůüȵ 
ҲԼʵǺܲסȻѡ
оִ˿ûͣµ֣ŤС 
ȵĺ΢Դأϡ
ҵٶһҿʲôܱ֤ˡѵв
ʱӲֹͣһҲҶ
ǺǡķӦüīеЦɴû뵽 
˵ԭааЦš
ԸеЦüȵҹŤת˵Ϊ 
ʲôȻǰħ˺޵ֿ۴ϻϡȴ 
ԾɺܲˬԼϷţϾǸСȻһһ 
һϲĶӺӣ˵ǰģԭ 
һʵѾʮġ꺢ӡˡ֮ǰЩ 
ɶΪ
ţõԴһСīȻ 
ڡˣȻҵĵܵܣȻԺ 
ܣǻҪʲôǸʲôǲģУ˵ 
ûû
ܵܣֻܵܣīѪҹת֮䣬 
һƬͬǰƬѹѹƣһ 
ģץסֻ֣ǯס˫ȣ 
ĺ촽ŨŨʹռԵշתͷһ 
ȥеĿÿÿ͸ʱһЩȻ 
ٴϣ˷ֱоЩΪֹ
뿪Щǵ÷Ѫ˿Ĵ͵͵ջ 
ٰҵɵܵܣҵĳͷԲֹЩ˵꣬вԵĴ 
½̽ȥоеز£ǰͣ¡
㡭ôңͯؿã 
δʶˡ
ңȵ̫ˣסԶĵܵܡִ 
ΣյĦ
ʱеԼֿǳ֮ǰǸСī껹 
ڶ⻵˲֪ĸооƣޱȡ
ŨŨ˯ϯͯ磲аӵв֮Ҫ 
ˣŮ£̫ӣȥ̫࣬ͷȻֱһ 
ּ
ƺϲҲų⣬Ǿɣ죬Ҳû 

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ī˯ðȵŮӣ֪ηӦҲ 
ĵ˯ˣ
Ц£תȦԼǰ 
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գˡ

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оһȵůͯ磱ܵؿøܵ 
ǽԺۣһ˫а÷⣬ƶԼһ 
β
аȵĿս§ǰĴֻļ 
һ̧򦣬˯ۣһЦ 
ѹˮ۵ĺ촽ǰѵݺӴ˿̸һˣае 
ջ󡭡
оһʪĶȵģؾһ 
ͬ衣
Σ
̲סۣİϤһſӳ
ӽѡ
ƺһĿռ
ʶüôͻȻˣûҪȥѽ
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ΪΣһǲרģͷҧһԲ͸ 
Ķ
ǰСҧˣһƣ뿪ĻҲ 
δֹֻۿվŵһСͨ죬 
ʱ
Ȼһ᫵ĵ˿Ʋסǰȥֺ 
صϣƱԭĸܣַԵ§סĲ 
ӣ˵ĺ촽һ¡
ԭ뿪֮Ϊ˴˿̵Ͷͱѽ 
ȼ֮Ǻ~Ħص
ͯ磺޺޵ƲͷˣܰռˣһҲɰߣ
ͻȻ뵽ƺֻˣɻƿӣ 
ǰ·룬ƣȴһϳ⣬ 

أתͷ
ָһ㷢شȻǻصûصĵ 
ȥˡ
ȥˣΪʲôҴУߵˣ 

᲻ãһüЩʵ
ûע⵽ĲţôôˬԼˣ 
ʲôɣ
һǿ²סС°ͣһѵˣ 
Ժ㲻ټ
ʲô˼գ
㣬ҵķˡһһ˵ţƺԡҵ 
ˡƺ⣬Ӹ
ȡȣ򡢷ˣ
ЩҧԼͷ˵ʲô
ˮ۵СٴνͣȻصǵĺڰ 
㣬ǡŮˡ
ţٴSHOCKˣ
ʲôǡʲôڰ
֪üͷһ壬ѵǡ˼ˣ 
룬ɻػͷ
ˡŮ˺Ի֪ش𣬶Ц 
ӯӯؿ
ΪʲôҪŮˣۣмص 

ΪǡˣȻŮˡ䷳ؽ͡
ôԼڸƿӣ
룬ȻϽˣؿϲ 
ң㰮ңǧҪһʱ嶯Լڵ 
°ҲֻǶҲһǰ顣㻹ᣬҪԼ 
ȥɱҲôѽǰķĹԽȥ 
Ϊʲôǵ߽ͬأһÿ̫嶯ˣ˵ 
ܿͻڡ
ˣ
ʲôҲ룬ֻס죬ŮˣôȥȰ 
Լ޵һɡôܣԼֲ 
˵ףƺֻһİԼ뷨ϰˣֲ 
ˣɡ
ǵԺģͯ磵ĺȻһ˿ǳǳʹҲ 
ֲĪʹӺζҪ侲˼㱻ӳͷƵĺ 
˱סͷеעɢʱ޴˼




ʮ  ˣ

ڰ˯ѵĹУͯżǻīЩΪ 
ܾò̫̤ʵϾһһֱôɰĺӾȻһϦ֮䳤ˣ 
ôаˣÿζر𡱵ķʽס 
յĸ·Ҳû֪ͣͣ˶ٸҹ 
ˡȻȴ֪Ϊ˯˱ 
ġѹʱѾ뵽
һ󡰹ӭعĽкѹΪǹ̫ 
벻Ѷѣ
ۣԼĳ˵Ļĳ˴˿˫Ѫɨ 
һȺոմѵˣͷؿ˭ô 
ܵġעϾûֶܹԴˣȻ 
ܷȴûǰչʾһ档
һƺҲ˴Ϸɱͷҿ
ͻȻеһë׵ĶĥĽţͷһϲ 
Ļһ§סͷ˿˼ʵѪĿʨӡ
ۣ죬ôģþûˣޡ 
˺Ȼ»صǸԵĻС
ٱʨ⡣в
ʨԣ˳ëȻЦ𣬻ĴԴī 
²ȥֺõĥš
ôô尡ιôҲһģͯ磷޷޲ 
ƽزʨӲֵô治Ļ׷ 
亹ֱ·ж˼ɱ֮ȴʼû˸̧ͷһۣ 
һͬ񣬶ǻ
īۣޱس³һ仰ȥ 
ȻҲ˺µһӣڿտޱȣһ 
ӰĿɿڴ⡢⡢Щ书ôѧ˲ת 
ƣ
ȵתͷϼī˫аȵѪ¿ˮװһ 
ʼ磬ҶˣǡҲȥˣȾߡ
ǰŻδ̤˱㱻ץ˻ȥײһӲϣ 
һ
ˣ˭𣿡͸żΣգתǰ 
ɷ˵͸Ĵ
أˣںĲĨȻĴɫ

ԭ˵ĺڰ֮֮䣬 
ĹǽһƬ͹֮£ľȴҲ羰ļ 
࣬ܶƷֲֵڴˣȵж죬Ȼ濴 
һ޵׶ȴȻʣǹΧڹȵ£̧ͷϿ 
ܿƣ죡˭Ƶģʵ̫вطҰ 
ԴˮԴԣأʺѽǺ~
ڴϢĻ뿪е洦ҹ䣬һ 
Ů˵ǷģʵһܱŮˣޱ飬һ书 
ʱЩݵؿֻܲؼ 
һ˲书
Σ룡ôᣬһ·˵ô˵ԭǵ 
Ķͷ˾ī˺
ҲƼˣŮˣбҪѧ书𣿰Լô 
ԼҲûҲϲԼŪô 

׹ѽ޵ǣȷʵ 
ɳƵһƲݻӣܶϲĺ 
ɫΪɫΣԵø߹أܶصƣ 
ʾ䣡
׹ʲôط̾ʱԸе 
һεشͷôôʹˣ 
Լ档
ȻһǸ˵Ļ
׹§һͤԲ
һܸеĹҵĹͳסȥĵط 
Ļʹɡֻࡣ룬
Ŷļ磿ظ۵ľ
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Ҷһʱ۹Ǹطʼ 
ġ
һʱգһҪ̽ѯЩʲô
ѽ˵ˣزȥˣźػСԴȻͷ 
ϣ΢΢һͣûЩ 
ذ§ڻ
Ǻף˵š
ͯ磻һƺȻ뵽Щʲôشв˵
ϲһζûзԵر粵
ˣǰûĶʱȴƺҲûʲô 
޹ʵģʵûҪôȥֻ 
ʹȻȥ˼ˣҲԼƯĶ
īܺã˵ų⣬Ӧþϲİɣ
һദ˽꣬ҹԵദһ˵ 
ǣ˼׷ңǣϲİɣ޸ûл 
𣿿ǣΪʲô仰ô˵ڣҲǺȥϣÿ 
ÿҪ϶θ飬
ֻǣֿʼʹˣǵĿżѿ˺ۣ룬 
ȥ룬ˣͲĶˣƯģҲö
ˣˣˣǼīӡ
˵ӣ࣡
ԺкȻ仰һ˿ӵ 
͸ģĻĿٴθֳǹʹϤʹ 

ӵԺи֣ģģİϤ 
飬ȴ
˭˭
Ϊʹ
תۼ飬ϢѸٴ齭һЩ 
ҥԲƣǶܺ棬Ϊʮ겻ֵǸħȻٴ 
̴˾ȵϲѶ棬ȴû˸Ҷ˵ 
һСá
ȻǴ飬ȴûκνɻμӻֻڲ 
С
⣭ǼīϣκεĲ
֮˾㲣ʧǵڽֵţ 
ʱʱ̧ͷѰȺİףʧشͷ
ΪΣٴδ뿪ûи֮ûһУô 
뿪ˣһͬ뿪ΩΪΣ
֮ҩҩҲûڶһ磬 
ȴС֮ȥţ 
ѰʼûӰ
Զһ¥ĴУһپעʧ˾ 
ɻôߵˣ
̧֣ԸһӵסҪ
ǣһףȥ
˾£̧ͷǴٱӣ漴Ц 
˾¥
ӵĶ棬һԲؿȺ
ãӿЦ˾ةҹ 
˰һͬô
˾Ѹתͷ嵭Ŀ⿪ʼ
İɣû˼ֻʵںܺ棬Щʲô 
Ȼة߹»Ը棬˺δ 
û⣬ƽ˵յϢ
˾ˣˡ֪ôôһ 
֪ȥץסǸˣһ֪ 
ԣס˵ֱһ˻˻֣ʾǲ 
ؽš
Ҳ֪䣬Ϳ˾ʧش 
Ȥټ˸ôױ¶ġ뵽ˣЦˣ 
ǵ˶һصˣ֮󣬱ǵϢ
˾ˣ飬֪ߵ˶򵥣 
ǸСһӣһͷƴʨӣ
룬˾̧ͷǰ׵ϢȴӲװ 
ˣЦ㣬ôѾɣҲ㣬 
ǸŮװӣһֱҪҵˡ
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ֱ뿪Ѿ֪ڳڣ㹻ˣʱس 
׼һЩ顣Щ֪Ϣܸҵİɣ
˾ȴ벻صϢѰ˹黹 
ԴͷԼҲֲˡ
ҡ
ӿƱãվԴ
˵Թų˵






ʮ  

ĺڰ
߸߹ǺʺһƬɫĺ
գԺΪĹԺΪɫĴװź 
ɫȴ˿ͻأãɫۣȡĳˣȴҲ 
ʹĳˡ
ϲ˭˭޵ɫʳĬʼ
϶һ޶ľɴ£ͭһӰӳ֣ױ 
ƣʹۡ
һŬѹǹɲʹžչһȻЦ 
죬޸īӣȻӦͲܷڣһ 
ŮˣӲʳԣӲˮһ򲻺Լľ 
һΣҲ⡣һġ
˵˭˵˭ЦȻԼĶ 
ˡ
һ³ڴڵʱ򣬱ֵĴ˲ѻȸ 
ֻżˤڵϵҪƽʱīһ 
Ƿ˸ˣȻʱ˿̣ȫ 
Ȼ˵
īһһ§ļ򣬷֮ϣȵ 
̩ɽһᶨơӵһڿ˵ 
ϲá
ӽǵŮˡ
ɽɲʱֻԼ·ħ㳯ǹ£뺰 
ϲ˴ϲ˭Ҳٲҿһۡ
֮Ƶף洫ͯһ£عʩ 
֬ľС˸źĹâ⣬ǵߵĸоһ 
ְ¾ֵİȻ֮Ȼ·˿̱¼䷭Ϊƣ 
Ϊ꣬Ҫ찡̫ˣ 
žܲȨƣǸջ˵Ķ 

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֪ޣ㹻
ʹĻǸоЩģô޹Ƶģ 
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ȼգỮԼ壬һ˿ڡ
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˶գգۣض۾Щϲ
Ӱһ٣ҡҷҹ˸˸⻪΢ʪ⡣
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뻳СҲͻȻĶ֮¾ѹ
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ȴûƿ
ι㵽˭ΪʲôĴεؾңس 
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ܣܣԭ£Ұɣͳȴصĺ 
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Ϊʲô˵仰ѣ
˵ؿ·˵ʲôԭµĻȻ 
ڻУҪ˵㲻ʶңҪộĺңҲ 
Ҫװʶң
ůʪĸоҺ壭ɣ˵ 
ᣬᡭ
ΪʲôˣĪز뿹ܣ 
κԼʲô飬·ӦõġԼԶ 
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ڶμӡ
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ؿţһؿôҲһ㡣ǰʲôʸȥ 
ռһܱϵˡ
ģЩңΪ˸е飬۵顭 

ңˡĿͻȻԶʧȥ 
ͻȻú䣬䣬֣ץסʲôȴʲôҲûץ 
ؿ΢ĴоԼıÿտյ 
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ʵĴš
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һ˸С
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аӣ΢ĴѪ֮֡
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¼ûеڶ˹ˡɶȴűӣ 
룡
صֿţ֪ΪΣ˿Ȼ 

òſһȴһͷȥ 
һĴǿҾιţǺֱ 
ᣬֱȥˮմˮָôŽ 
ţ·ƷʲôζᣬֻΪҶ
һϡ
ûκٴθǵúĴⷭ 
һϵڱͬҶƮڵأֻʣӳĵ 
˵ĶǶ㡣
һǽɰСţŨ 
ҲƣϸĦšư
ƫͷҧҧ´ۣȻס 
ţīɲԡȲҪδ˵ֱס
һ᲻Щִˡ





ʮ  ҹ

һ뿪׵Ĵһ˫ħȵ۽㣬ע 
ҵģҵģ
һ䣬صѹӷϮǰ 
һ˫ѪȾ˷Ⱦ˰ҲȾѪŰ
ѣֻĺʹʹƺǰһ 
˶˵
࡭
࡭
࡭
Ǹ˵ƽ޲ȴʹԸӡ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪĥ»֮ҹΪ˶ʹ 
ɷոսɷ򡭡
ʲôʲôĻ䡭дĻ䣬ǣ 
Ļ䣿
İϤĺˣȴĻ۵ľɫ 
ıˡ
ҪңҪң߿߿Ȼҵز 
ػԴòƺʹͷᡣ
ϵͣ
˫аѪӯ죬·һȷѪ꼴Σա
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˸ˮϣ˿̣˭˭
Ҳ֪ҪʣҪˣļǲ˭ 
Ұ׵С䣬ƽŵ
ãܺãԭҵ»һܺã 
ҧгݣ޺޵ǯס°ͣһһΣ 
ҵӣֻҵӣ
ǵصϮϽʣҲ䣬ȵһ· 
£оܵһֻʣһû 
ɡ
ɥʧʶ֪ΪʹǱصľ 
˹ȥ

оմƺʲôظĦţᣬİ 
ģһ飬˫֣ű谮 
о
˵ȴı䷽̽ȥǴƣǵ 
סССĿزšۡ
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Щ졣
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ģʼˣ죬ȴʲôҲûʡ
ϾĶʲôԼҲȨ𱸣ӣ 
죬ճ׵»ӡ
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ȴԥ£ϵһ˫С£Ϊסľ 
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Ūǵ»֮ҹ˵Ĳ죬Ĵ
仰īߴһ𣬶۾Բ 
ֱ̫ˡҲޱȣϵϣۣȴҲ 

Ĭӵһֱĵϡ
ࡱ﷢һε죬ЦΪĲԣ 
Ӷˡ
΢΢
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ķðþûжˣʱеʳ󿪣Ҫ 
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ʹ֪Ѽ޸˼īʹ֪֮䲻н 
ľϣǰˣ˭Ҳ޷˵ɡ





ʮ  Ӱǽ

ûгԹ֮ɫѽĻͯ 
סţ뿿ϣЦʣӴ˿һ 

Ϊϵĺ쵽ˣů
ûشץס֣죬ûа
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Ķȴ쳣ᣬ·ޣķһȻ 
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Ľ￿ţĬš
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ҹҡҷŵĹȴһƬܰ
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Զ֪ҲĿĵذɣȴһѻ 
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䵽˷һĳȺɫ
ϼ価ѡ
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һĻ֮У






ʮ  ͬ

Զɽ죬ɲԴ֮ӳĹϵ죬һɽˮīУ 
ӶʫһıСԺ䵽룬һһСľݱɽ 
ͣǰ˸ɫʻĲݮһΧסСԺ 
դϣһȦȦСȣǰԺӵſϣ 
ĻϣпŻƻµ΢ʪ
ԺӡΪΣܸһҸֱĸоøɸɾ 
ԺӣդϤ֮
Ū֮դԱСòã
á
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ʱƻ԰Щݮ˵òã
áȻǻǱ߸һССĳһƬ԰ 
𣿡
㡢㡢ô֪
ΪҲ˺þõļҡ
Ժڵĵطҵļҡ
ŮӵΪϤӵΪϤͷ 
ʼʹˣʱʱ
ϼݱȴӳһƬ
Զòã
á
ǣ㻹뿪𣿡
ҡ
Ϊʲô
Ůӵݵˣüͷʹؾšýģ 
ҲѣΪʲôҪЩΪʲô
ʹ鿴Ҳޱȣ˫ק½Сָڶ 
ֳ촽ҧò԰һƬ֪رʲô 
Ҫôʹ࣬ҪôĥԸԶ 
ʹҲνɡ
ôˣصǼľСذ 
ϣ뿪ΪǺñӾͱһѾס졣
Ҫߣҡһͺãһͺá϶ص 
˵ţɫ԰׵þˡֻŵϵĺ÷Żİֻ 
ĻʹŻ١
ʱƿӣȥӵУһҶ 
ϵš
ͺá
Ļаĵţ룬˿Ҹģһ㣬 
˿ϡΪʲôԺӻᷴӦôҲ 
Ҳʲôȥ룬Ϊʹ 
ȴӵɷ򣭣īǺã 
һеôŵÿǰ۵ӣ
룬롣˵СҲգ˵ӱҲգ£Լ 
κһӡ
˯ѵ״̬ţֱоԵطſ 
˳ȥ߳ȥ˲䣬۾䡭ҲǸϤ 

ͯ˦˦ͷҪԼģģвй 
ӣĸоһĨȥĹ¼ţһǸ 
ǸԺȴҸ޵Ϣ
ƿӣЬߵſڴԶĵطһ 
ݮĵһĨ°ĺӰĬĬضţֲʱС鱷ŵ 
ĲݣΪǿģĶģ 
񣬸Ҹġ
Ҹ
оһ㱡ˮߣţ 
ۿȵģıԼק÷ۣǲģľ 
Ĩ¾ıӰԼޣһǰ޵ˣ 
ȴŴᣬǿ;ޱȣǰ 
;Ҹÿ
סԼ죬Լһ¾ǸҸ 
ͼ
ǣӻǷˡ
תͷſڵչһĨЦݣĶˣΪ 
ʲôΪʲôҪôᣬԳܵᡣ
ſס͵֣գգ۾ȥһҸ 
Ц
ӣüվ§ļ򣬽ŵָ 
ôˣ
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ϸĵΪ۾ֹѾŪˡ
غһ
ٿ˫ܵγˮͷǰ԰ӵĲݮ
ΪʲôôݮѽΪⰲεգʵ 

Ϊ˵ҪϲĲݮЩҪ 
ĲݮЦˡ
ʲô˵Ҫֵģ˵Ҫôݮϲ 
Ĳݮ
ѹ֣˵һƬݮء
תصȥ
ˣʡ
κ֪Ĺô죬ô졭
һǰ㣬֮ѼΪѰʱ 
ȴԴƽȴܰҸС·Ǿ 
ǧǧƽƽһԣٯٯ˭Ҳûп 
йǰ׵¡
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ɽζЩζȫˬ
СԺդһ࣬бһƵ˯ϣкһ 
˯ˣϣֻӵľһֻ 
һϣ˿ůϣʱϦɢ 
ɢϣΪȾһɫĹ⻷һ 
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ԴתѻΪգȻâҫۣȴø 
۾һʣ̲סۣһŤͷ°͸ 
ϣӣЦΪЩԴǰ鷢
̾طĺƯ
ϲͺáϵЦŨЩɾޡ
ȥЩľѣô죬ԽԽ 

ҹɨܰһƬСľݣɽķǱߵҪЩ 
ãҲЩ
ʱСľͰϵؽżƮ 
Щһ˿˿ģܿ㱻ɽߡ
ΪһͰͰذԡͰˮᣬϸģ 
ģҲʲôƵġڣڲ֮ʱ 
һۣ߳ȥţſȴĵط 
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ĹӰͶӳſϣˡһˮ 
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⣬һأᶨɽȴһ 
š
˺һ̵վ˲ӴĿ 
ס˲СϽø廽
ŵһɲǣֻоһ峯˹ 
Եĺᱧ߻شϣΪϱӡ߳ȥϴϴԼӣҲ 
߽ڱһ˯
ҹ뺨˯֮ʣȻеĿһҵʹæſӵס 
ôʹǶȴġ
ˣôЩӣĻˣһӣ 
أ
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һشߣһǣѸʧԺ 
ĺϡ
ɫתתѣϰԵѹԱߣףأȥ 
ˣ
ţ·´ȴɾѹһֽ
ҳȥգյʳǵüȡ

꣬ؿ⣬ȥˣ֪ΪΣͻȻÿ 
ġǿʼ
ϴõĲˣõıУϲԵĸ 

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ɵϣҹˣȴ֪ӶԶĵطΪԵ 
㡣
ģģ˷һ
ԶŶЩΣʼһɽ 






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Ŀ䵽ԺĺϣƺԶһ¡ 
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оȴû¡
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밾ȥˣǷܻˣϣӰϦ 
ҫ¹¶صΨһġ
ȻһϤ´ĺ󱳴ǹɺ÷ϲ 
عͷ겻Ŀתͷ͸оһ 
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Ĳ֮¶§סӵʸţ 
ҪڵأʵĴֽεȦס
ſɫӯ̵Լδʵ
Ŭƽ˭Ҳû˵Ҹζ 
Χ
ң㣡ĻȻ˵ôһ䣬Ȼ 
СȴشУһ٣ϲ̧°͡
㡭֪˵ʲôЩš
һûȫǰ£ЩģӡԺ 
֪е飬ֱ˵ȴ֪ô 
Ǵˣô죿
§סŵûеʹ࣬ϲ 
ŨҵıˣˡΣࣿ 
ôһη뿪𣿲ܣٴ뿪 
صǸӵߣǣҪô
˫ȵʹìܣҲЩ΢΢ 
ˡ
Ҹìܵ飬ʱһζһӣŵ 
ǰ졣
Դ䣬ɽļҲŨƵЩȻ 
ɽ˸ߺεİ룬¶ȴôҲ˶٣ˬʣ 
ůѬ˻˯
ҹڽ٣ﰲȻ˯Ҹ§סߡ
ҹʹҲڽסĿڳ⣬ֵסʹ 
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ʹѪӿ
סǾʹײײСΪ׼ 
յʳδɵѪ߲ɺ죬Ȼµʳȴþζ 
ķ羰һ𣬻һĻ档
ıߴͦΣӰ¼ű䣬˿׷ɣȴ 
Ҹޱȵ顣
ֱһʵĿһͼһ 
ֱֱſǸ֪ʱӰӨ黮 
ֱϣһ˫ˮŰʵǲţԵ 

ѸתӲǵѪͱӺ 
˹˶αסΪʲôѪΪʲô 
ÿձҪҹ뿪Ϊʲô֪ءΪʲô 
ΪʲôôۻҪΪ׼ɶء
νӲþûлͷһعͷ֪ô˵ֱĿ 
ٴδ͵ʹҵľʹʹ޷֣ܵ 
⡣
졢ߣҪңš
عղ˿־ŤŵĿ 
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Ҫ֪Ҫ
쿪ţΪʲôϵţȻڳʹ 
˺ҲûбĶ׼ײŶʱűһ 
Ӱڳץס½Ǳʧǰ
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࣬᲻ʲô£üվԭأϰ߲ 
δ͸
תͷȻע⵽׼õʳ¿ɿڣԭ 
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͵͵Ŀҹ쳣ڷ֮䡣
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˹ǵģˣļǷָֻһ 
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ʹûйȥǶμ䣬Ծ׵ذ 
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չȥҹٴιʱǻľ֮󣬲֪νͣ 
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£ŭȴı飬һת˵ؿ
ǣΪûʸ֪£ʲô 
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ǵģΪץļȴֹ 
סˡ
Ϊʲô㻹ǲң˵λ㣭
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еҪԣҪĲ
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͵ƿ´ⱼȥæں档ۼ 
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صľڣþòƽǾҵ
ΪҪңô˺۵ü޷ 
ˡ
ȴֻЦЦ̧ͷˣҺԶ 
俴ȥǰĨЦݿ 

Ҳҵؽӵסôô 
ԣ𺳣жȴҲۣûˣû˻ 

ĬһĨЦ
Ȼſ̾˿ۡ
ң˹ƣҲ֮ǰ뿪ԭֹƽС롯 
ֹƾҪҪѵĻֻһһɱ֣ 
ÿնҺܽûɣֻܱ˿Ųϵɱˣҵ֡ 
࣬ȾѪ޷ŵδʲôҲ㣬ô 
ռഺôҪһԣ뿪ֻҪԶԶģ 
úãǣټ֮ҷԼԽԽ̰ˣ˳ 
ף޷޶ԣҡʣԱٵˡ
Ľͣÿһֶƺõϣ֮ʹ֮ 
䵽ϣգȥëϵСˮΣ۵һһ䣬ᶨ 
쳣޷ͬôǱͬ
ָΪȥϵۡ³һ 
Һˡ
ɵӣ˽ᴷšԺ 
ң
Ǻ~ҸЦš
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ˡ
ҪѰϹƵķ
ιơ̾̾ҩΣ˹һ± 
ͬƶɽ⡣
ʲôţҪҵʹ࣬Ҫ 
һ
У¾ģķģһƬġ

~ԽдԽɿˡԼ˶̫ϲ





ʮ  ż

һ·޺ãůıƵ˻˯ͯ磴ʱſҹ 
ϣһҲ붯ڸ·
Դʵҽߵȡ׺ 
ǰȡȻ˵ǸƢúܣҲ֪ˣһ 
־֪Ǹ˲ǱŮ˾˶ʲôֵ 
£޷ʹҲҪһԣǣ 
ѧķıɫͷɢ 
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Ͷߣⲻ֮Ĺϣ 
ĿⶼͬһǾǱһСӡĳ
ͯЦȴزΪⲻƤ 
ߣ˵ʲôͷ
װģȻ㡣ˣƣǸ 
ôѶٻԵˣҪ~ЦĲ 
ȫΧЩŴһ·ˣ࣡ 
ӡһǣһĿԭޱ˲Ⱦ˵ 
ΡЩ֪صô
ɶλǶ䣡ʱһЩԭųСĵ 
·ҲԶΪÿһ·
ܿ죬߽һ˵ĺͬڣ˲ʧ
ʧ˲䣬һ书ߵ߽ͬ 
ʧķ˼ǸӻеĽСӡǷ 
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ǸӡʣУˣƺһд󵨣Ǹŷ 
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ɣ
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Ȼȴ֮һȵġ״ա
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շ٣ѡٷȻȽеޱȣȻִ 
ѡ࣡ùͶƱʤȻЩ鲻̫Ȥѵ 
·ҲȥմְɣοôдôȽѡ٣ǹŴѽ 
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Ⱥϣ֣ȻӶֳȤΪֻ 
һζרעطڱǰ˶ϣδܱߵһһľ 
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һ״Ԫıīսһ״ԪĵǹսΪİ 
ȫͬ⵽Ǳ߹ۿֻԶԶ״Ԫһ߹ע 
һ͵һǱߵġ
˵һӮҲһǸɫ·ġͯײ 
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ﵽһĻȣִˣȥһӮ 

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ŨȤ
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ѣ˵ۣǸڻġӡΣϤ 

ƺǰҲһӡ
ϵϾע̣˵˼Ⱥ 
е˸ȥȫ˼ǸСӡ
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ΪɱֵĳӦͷ˹ˣ 
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¡
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ҪȥѰҩأ
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Сһλˣɷһ󣿡ۣû뵽 
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ԣС㡱˿ˣô᣿ͦ 
ѽǰʶģ
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ĪͯŭƳһۣ𳺵־ߡ
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֪ĺýģΪѰ㲵ò 
ӣһة಻֪Ϊʧǣ˵üѰ 
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ţȦʵҲԾӴΪʲôΪʲô 
ôӣΪʲôֻͺá
ʹ˿̵ÿֲ
ллlinlin307ʯ޵ʻ۹~Ϲ~~~̫ 
ˡ






ʮ  ֮͡ʹ

ץȴӵת˿ʵҲ 
䣬ЩĺǴԲ𣬶Բ 
𡭡ûסΪԥŻЩ˵ĳ֣ 
ԥɵģԺ뿪ߣʹҲҪ 
Ļȥ
ңû£ôˣظıеʵ 
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Ϊ˿ƣ뵽ĸʹ
λмλҽιƶ֪ǷԸ⵽ͼգ 
벻ʵ۾С롱ʹ͵һգǡƭ 
˹ȥģʵǼλҽҽΣȻĸҲȥ 
ǣҪģֻ
ͯǰһô˵Ҳȥ԰سȥ 
Ƕ̶̼仰֪йˣֹƣҩɽ⣬ˣ 
ֻʹһҵˣ뵽ˣٴü 
ͷˣǵǣԽԽá
볯ҡͷȴеϣǿҵϣ 
ʧ
̾˿ͷȥ˻ʹԹ˺ҲԴߵģ 
ʱԣûסûСˡǸˣ죬 
˵书Ȼʱȴһˣܴ 
˵˸ڰɣ
ҵûжܴ
ģκĻᣡ
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Ծɴߵġһۣһŵϵ 
ͷ·ֱǵǰ
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Ȼ֪ǻʵۣһηĸоҲûУֻһͨġ 
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еǰ취ס
ؿǸеƣΣҪ˺ 
ͺã˺ǲŹģ
ע⵽ǸӶ飬˲ɱһ 
ţ漴ס
סһ𣡡δ˵ͯ磸Ͻӿڣһֱסһ 

䣬õüͷ̫ܲã˷ 
顭
Уͯ磲ͷƳһۣһֻϳصӡ 
һǣ£ȴϷӦҲȦס˵ 
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һɴһʼеĲ嶯ĵ׵ǹԽԽңҲ 
ΪΣֻһеĿռΪеĳ嶯 
˼꣬ڵȴ٣Ѿ˼Ҫõ֡
ҪϢˣ鷳ҽſڳļϣǸһ 
˽еȻŭ˼ˣǣæ 
˾䣬Улл
Ǹ˵ʹ˸Ƿ˲ʱɫˣлҲôû 
⣿
Ĳǹģͯ޹룬һֿƲ 
ˣ
ûٿǸһֱۣڵȥˡ
ֻʧǰŬѹĵ׵ŭҪ 
ɱ˵һ̫࣬ǻ̵һ 

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ǲ֮ŮŮˣǣ
һ޵ǰŽĵЦǰӭ 
ҲǵóһʱӡǰôŮˣΪҪǸŮ 
أһһ̫ʦϣʹ 
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һ
һĨаЦزţ 
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ϣŬȡǰˡ
һŮĴϢӹﴫһЩ̫๬ŮϰΪ 
غš
ĵ߷֮ʣǰȴǣƵ 
ְֺ޵
ǸˣӼҵµŮϷйš

ʹ
һ۵Ӹ֮£ֱգ 
ڲסİ󣬰忡˼ؿԶһа 
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Ƭȴֹסز
˾ûԴȴڸǲˡ 
Ȼץˡ
֣Ҫȥ֮޺޵ذֽУԯĺصص 

ԣԯХתȴûпڣֻǶضЩм 
֪Щʲô
˾̾Ƿŭе˷ȰĺΪһү 
Ӧ˳嶯ǡ⣭˵ֻһơʵҲȷ 

žһùӦϣԯĺᶨվ˾ 
ҵޣΣһ 
Ҫȥ
˾ˣδĺĸ㣭ءԣ 
һֱǴ֮飬±ϴ̫ƽʢ 
ʵҲѣʵĸƽ㣬ﶼһ 
¡ڣиԷƽӹ֮Ұģվ޷һ 
ͳµʱʤ븺ȡڸԵĳ׼У 
һ˿һĲ⣬֮ϻغԭ
ǵźѵХδ󣬶Ǻ 
ΨһһλҪ֮ʵۡһ裬ȴͬʱҲһڣ 
һǷĽڡ
÷⣬սһ𣬷࣬һ 
ʰʤڴһ١ôԼŮ˶ 
ʹ֮磬ʵΪ֮ܣң 
ң᲻ء
㣬˾޷ȷȷʵ֮ 
ԭߵأʧˣȻױ㱻 
°
˾ϰ£ۺ˼ŸĿȴ 
̫²ɣһǣ˶İΣʹ֮޷ƽǰ侲 

±ç£ԯХӥһ裬ɨԯĺ
Ǻ~ԯĺ˿Ȼ㣬Цͬ 
￴һ嵭Ц˲תͷ⣬ȫƽʱ 

֪𣬻ʽǰȥʱ룬ûϵĸ 
ǣĸҲǰȥʱҲžˡǸĸȥ 
ûһۣұ裬ȴţģҲ 
ȥǣ˵þʦΪӺǿҲû 
˿ңȴͬʬһ㡣ǿкãʽ㲻 
ٻķӣҽ˭סĸˣٶٻТ˳˭ 
Ҳ˽ᣬ⣬ǴɷΪֱĳ֡
˵ԯĺһգգؿԶ·Ծ 
һֱһֱͿˣˣҲߣ 
˽
ңǰ˯ȴô 
ǰʵûһŮ˶ʵ 
ƭԼֻΪ̫رˣһǷ֣ԭҶ 
룬ŮˣҪһֱһ 
ӡ˵ţԯĺһ۵˵Ҫȥ 

ŵܵ˫ᶨޱȵӣԯХоʲô˺ 
죬˵ܵܶİӹɣԼҲЩĽ 
Լֵزɣõ𣿽ɽˣ߸ 
أƽʼҡҷ

ɽˣβɼã
ԯĺһ˼죬ǧذתѰζ
ҿ˰ɣԲ͸¶һ 
~żˡһѽ˼û˵໰ 
ż





ʮ  ټ


糯޷ĳ嶯Ҵҵֵ 

ˣüһ̫֪࣬ڻ԰ͻֳ԰ 
ȥ
԰԰ܰ续
һںĵͤϣһ˶ˣС 
§ŻеŮӣע׵˯ա
Ůī˿ɢӵֱϣЩγһ 
ĻߡһȻľ񾲵Цݣݵں 
ǰ˯ţһرֻżΪȥһЩ紵 
˵ķߵˣ续续ôƵһ˶ 
ֻǣһܰͼĳ˵ȴ˰۵ķ̡
ȥһعĨЦ˿˿̵ 

Ȼǲɶõ˰ս˯е 
˶Ĺâ
һǵóһ߳ȥһתƣƿ 
֮ľ롣
ǺǣЦ⣭޷ʵɣ 
һϳӡ
δǰˣߵص˯˶ϡ
һУǸŮˣݵ˯һ˵Ļ
ʱҪ̼һ㣬ͯ΢΢˸˳ľУ 
Ĵ볺ľƤᴥĳһ§ֽ˽
ʱڵͯ磲֪ۺС 
ͷ촽һȴ˳ľѣǵһſʱǺ죬 
ǲһ㣬˲䣬ú촽ĥţ 
أġˡҪЩȴø
ǵģˣǸ˿˵ʱˣǶ 
ģѵľͷ죬ٺ٣ڱǰȹȻõ벻Ч 
ѽ~ҲǸǵ˳Щͷߣ
磡̲סɳƵɤģԸѽ 
Ǻ~
ȭͷ죬Ůǹģǹģ 
֮ǹĽһؿڣŬסɱ˵ 
嶯
ۣͯһ˫˵ˮɹЩʵ˯⣬е 
Ϸ֮ΡԽԽˡ
ҽأϷŪ˺УתǸѾڵò 
ٺڵʵ
𣿡̵
ʲô㲻Ҫƺżңҽͯ磣һŭ 
ûɫΪʲôҪأļûм 
үҲǹȥ£ˣ
ͯ磣ôԺ㡮磶ɺãȵľһ̣ 
ԷݣܹΪ󣬼ʹ飬 
ҲԼȣ
ƺóüͯҲЩģϾǸʶ 
õˡ

޻ˣͲ磶һͬˡܾ 
޳ܵسһЦתߵ
ιҽȻĿģϽıӰ 
ȥ
ûһԽԽ죬ʱ뿪ǵߵС 
ǿϣƵЦݡ
ͯƵڳǸ˾װģ
뿪ɣЩǸˡԵĲ⣬ 
ܵ˺һҲУ
ǣĹƻû⡣ҲĵЩѡҲ 
ʼǷˣǸˣǸǵĽɫ
ȥȡ
ɡҽ𣿡ǲŹᣬ˵ 
ϵĹƶЩ˾Ͳóܾһʹˡ
Ҫ˵ʲô
ҴӦ㣬ҵҽ˽ⲻ˾뿪òã 
·ǾԼȥš
ϣΪԥص˵ͷ
״ЦˣˣǶκҪЭţ 
Լĺ촽£˫˵Ұ㡣
֣ᣬȴ̺֣ȴϲò 
Լ
û˵֡Ȼ֪ǰģȴ 
ţǻûʧߣǰģͬ 
һǿҩӵز԰Σ֮С
һȣ΢ĺ촽˫Щ
СᣬЦˣҲӦ
ϵӰӵǵӰӣһֻˮӹ 
ȦȦĵȥһȦȦأǺе˯ںͷΣ 
Ļ΢˭ģ˭顣


ĴڣϵһıħȾ 
ɢź˵Ѫ⣬·ʱ׼Χһоһ㡣 
ʵϣȷʵԵǿ˼վס 

һ´ӴҴҵڵںͨع£ 
ȴҿǸǿޱȵһۡ
֮Ƿ֡
īĿ˲תƵڵϵϣϲ뼤˲䲼 
иԭ֮ơǷס 
ӵ죬ӱһϽش
¡һνСġӡ磬ң 
ƺһǵ顣
Ļ˵꣬īɫٴγǵӣʲôС 
ʲôС顱ģȴϣīȭ 
ͷ죬Ҫ̷ɵȷǷ񰲺ãţ 
ĿرϬѪһɨӹϵˣ³֣ȴ 
ҧгݵģʲôСǡ
ҲоΧǹɰϢɵɪ£ӲͷƤ 
Ǹšˡƺһֱһźµӱ 

ԭŵ˱һɨ˳ȥصصڵ⣬Ѫ 
ȴһĨѵЦҲãҲˡ
šڱ˵Ļ¡ҹޣ
ҵòҪʲôԼڵ¡򣭣ȫû 
룡СҹޣȻ㣡벻㻹ûģ
ī𣬰һƬѪʢ
˿ڿзһӰӹţſڵϵӰһͬʧ 


ﰡΪ̫๬ŮҾҲ 
ߣʱͯһߺ޵ڳĻڸ 
ţѰҴ˵еҽ
һЩ˻ʵ۵ǵΪֻӶ̫๬ŮҲ 
ȷڡ
ʹȻһֿݣ󣡿ǹģȴֺ޵ 
ģתϰ˶Ҳһ̫ҽˣ
ˣǻǾ뿪ЩΪ㷢εص 
ʵۣʵûҽΰɣôܶһԵ޹ʵİĪ 
ʩԮֻ֣Ϊǣ
Դӽʹֵɱֲ֪٣Ѹ 
˫ᡣȻЩȴ֪ϣ 
ġ
ͯ磶˶٣뵽ǸʵĪԼ 
Ҳܲ漴ͷҲãǾȥȡбЩ 
ٴȥǸʵۻЩʲô顣
һЦ˽һȥ




ʮ  

̫ҽ̥ɻãһĵŮߵͯ磾ϲػ 
ͷó̫ͣҽŤͷ¿һ̬欵Ůб 
ѯһ޷׵ߡ
̥һаá뵣ģֻ밲ľλ 
һԴ
ֻ̫һǺЦš
ÿҪעѽ̻Ϊ 
Ҫ̥ѽһԱߵĽ˸Цһ˫￴ 
Ǽ١
Ͽأ֪лޡ 
ԱߵһŮӹҫһ㳯Ǹʾ
ٻ˵æֹȴڲסĵ⡣
ǹЩŮˣͯڷᷳƲƲ죬ԭ 
αȥǸҽģһ֪Ҫðû 
ľʣУ
ܳҲ㿪ģֻ˵۾һ˿ 
Ц⣬ֻǿиˣҲƹܷӡѽ 

Цݽһ£漴ּʵЦ֪λɫ 
û϶أźҲãӳԲԻ 
ǲ̫õģ˵ǲҲʡһˣǺǡ
Цøˣȴһ㣬ѽ 
ȥⳤֵãǡ
ֵͯ磴˸飬ʲôϵɣ 
˵ԭסֻǸסģһǣһǡ 
˵ͬʱҲᶨ˸Ͽ뿪ʹ뷨
һҽڿһŰ̥ҩȥϽó 
ȥ
˼šͯ磴Сܵҽǰ浲ס· 
˼ҿɷΪҴ翴һ²ʱѻһװƤ 
Ϊ˷ԺϳǵĿ
ҽӣһ˫ϵ֮ǻЩ 
ڹеǺˣʵ
˼ңǻĿˣҴʹֻΪҪҽΪ 
ҴβɷΪ룬ֻ
ϵĿˣǡҽ˵Щʲô
뿴ͯæӻһҽȻ 
Ϲû뵽ôãٺ٣Ǹʵ 
ģ˵ʲôõȳȥͰõﵱ 
ˡ
Ͻֵݸҽ
ҽסʱ䣬һ˫۵ɵô 
ģ۵Ĳţֻһؿüͷȴһ
ôˣԽ𣿡һķӦæץסҽʡ
ҽֻҡҡͷ۾˲ɴʲô˼뷢ѣ
ˡ롯û뵽ѵһĹƾˣ 
ϧ޷⿪ϵĹơҽ̾˿źҡͷ
ģѵûпɽ֮𣿡ˣ 
µģʹҪһֱŹһҪһ 
Ǹ˿ţ
ҽۿȻޱ鵫ȴ۵ذѡӵеĳ 
Ȼ޶ǸŮģȻҲǸӸ죬 
¹֮ԸȡƳ棬ΪչƵҩֻ¹֮ 
֪ˡˡҲҵʦְ׺Ρ
׺ǲǡȡҽʦ֣
ʵүүȷʵԭ׼ȥҰ׺ǰģ; 
Żʹܽƣǰԣ֪ϣȥлү 
үָ㣡ͯ磳ҽףתڳϣ˷ҽǰ
ֵ
ɫϣͯëһŰֽ৵һӣд 
ԾȻֽ棬岻㹤ȴҲʲݣһǺڷܵ 
ˣѧ鷨ʱҲ͵ˣǼ˾ͺá
ƲƲ죬±ʣ̨ѹֽţЦųڴߵĳȥ
һת˴˵ϣԶԷ˸ʵ 
λã˫ȦĲӡ߰ɣ
ҡҡͷױ̨ǰ¡
ôˣգգ˫Իˮɰˣǹ 
һ˵Ļȡתͭ͸ӣֻһʵ 
ЩɵɵģԺӡ
ޣԭղӲ͸߸ˡ
ۣǰϸϸذճϣĶ 
Լմɣģۣ 
ľСΪ췢һͷûϸϸȴ 
һ˫˵Ĵɣ΢΢һЦԼ 
Ů˰ɡ
ϸᣬ޾ĳ谮δԭҸ 
оһĹˣҲ簮
˭˵ɱ飿ֻûǸ˰ˡ
㷢ԭɿˣͭӳһ 
ʵӰӡеһЦ¸ߴӵĲӣ 
ıӦ֮ǰѸٷſĻ
һ㶣󵭵Цˣ漴߳ţ˵ 
Ӱճͬһһ㣬ܿʧڻĳֵ
Уȥʱһ紵Űֽֽ趯쳹ڵ 
յĴʱʹޱȣȴֿտˡ
ֵ֮ʺסĹ
ʵ۵⣬˭֪ǣ˭֪
ֻκ֮
չºѣĿĹǽճΪһӰٲȻӽ 
ϦǵӰϳֱֱڵϣӰҲĳ 
ֳ˵ϡ
ȻǽǸΪ׵˿ɲΪһϮͷϵķ 
ҫޱȣͬʱĨĿһ㣬 
˲ֱӣĿε˹ǽһˣĶ 
ȴųһĨζЦ
һĶӣǽһΪС˶ܲһ 
̾˿Ǹεؿڵ㵽԰ 
̫ˣ
۵û˵ɽضĨȴ 

ιɸǣܲܽǰϵ˵Σ 
ģһСһغ˭̸ȥҲƽͲ̸ɣ 
ָָͯһֳֹƴʿ· 
ʱеĹ֣һСĺܿĵĵزѽ
̵֪ؿڣһ˫س 
磬ƺһҲǸʹȴڲȥɫһ 
㡣
о§ֽ˽ͯü̾Ǹ 
ʵ۵˼Ҳֻ֪ǲƣϾаˣһʵ 
ŮǧźһѣϹպʲôҪǣ 
ǳҲֲиҰԵаأǸ 
ԡ޲ð˩ڿϵˣһ㱣Ҳ֪ 
ǸˣıȢ𣿻ߣһֽεĸоӿ 
ͷԲǸˣﲻЩҵģì쳣Ǹһ 
ˣħа˫ѪǷаĹâ·ʱ˹ 
ԸĨȴǳ輫᲻֡
˰ɣˣһӶټǸˡüͷ 
壬֪ΪΣȻЩ
ĻʵۣܸоȻһֱЦţȴ 
һ׽ĸоһȷգԵգ뵽 
ԼҲţһĶȻ






ʮ  뿪

з֮ҲȱŮûȤ˵ļͥ㻹 
ͷشߴٵһǸǷˣﷳ꼫 

ǡǡֲͷߴٵʹϼһѻ𣬲 
ۿ룬ѵôͷһӣαȲ 
Ǹеġ
ڳԴ𣿡ǣı⡣
ȿȡ㱻ĻǺʵۣ֪˼
ɤӣŭһص䲻ʲôŮˣ 
ҵһһһ˫ˣҲ˹򣬸 
ҪùĶֻӿҪĻʵۣ޵ת 
ŵ§ؿڴסӻĿҲע 
ȴһ仰ҵİˣֻЦˣ 
·ȻԼѾŪø㣬ʵ۱֣ǽһ 
ӰؿƱʲôסһ
ôᣬôֻв 
ҪȢʾֻһӡΪδ˿˵ 
ֻǸӵʱôƣģܵüʹĥ
ͯ磵һ˫ˮϳģޱȵļᶨǵģʵֻ֪ 
Ҫ˵ʲôԸ»ϲʵ۵Ļ˺˳ģ 
ģʹ˵ѡ
𣿡ãʵ۲㱵૵ƺԼĳ˼ 
С
Ȼڻʵۻ㱵˲䣬ǽϵӰӹֻһ磬 
ѲӰûлʵʿżʶ˾ô 
ʧǰ
˲䷴ӦŭЪ˦˦ǳ䣬һ£׷ 
׽
ʿ׷ȥȻȴӰ
Ȼ֪ģʹ֪׷ϣȴǲģ· 
ʧȥʲôʧģһʹҹ
ǸˣҹޣȻڹ䲻֪ 
ôɫȴƾ˹ȵ书˳£ 
ҹ롰켴ī˭ȹȻɱ 
ȥɱ˾ɱǣ֪ģµһɱ֣˭ɱ 
ǡ
뵽ˣȫϸֳһɭȻĹâ 
ζ
ȥķЦˡ
ޱȡ

һòԣʹؿڣѵش 
ϣȴ̵ó亹һֻḧǸ˵С˶ 
ڰżĿ类˺ѣԾɳһĨЦ
ءҪЦ㲻ҪЦʹҧңҧңС˶ż 
쵽ߣЩɳڣ˲ȥĨһѳ 
ߣ¶޵ޱȵųС
Цˣ۰׵Сӡһǣÿ֡ 
ôҧأ
ָĦţΪȥΡ
ءȥҴһҵ׺֪Ǻã 
۵̣ȴʲôҲˣСֲΡΡظؿڴĦ 
ͼĨƽʹ
ޣңôʹˡӰ§ţסԽԽҵ 
ʹıḧģڣûôʹˡ
ԣȴǿ޵øˣǲǺһ·Ѱҽȴǲ 
֪δäĿѰңһβãֱ˿ţǸĵͷ 
Ūô죿벻ôʹࡣ 
ȴ
ֻǲϣɱˣʲô£ôΣյְҵ 
ĺ£ֻΪʲô˶Դ 

еǹƳƺʼʳԼ̵࣬˺ţһһ 
㣬Ķͷ亹ԽðԽ࣬§סҲ˿ߴ 
ڴԣһĿ԰׵þˡ
ôˣǲǺʹءҧҰɣҧң̣Ҵ 
ȥ򣡡۵ԸӣãӲ˳ 

ͯӲǰֺҧóѪıߣҪͷ 
һƲݺݵײһԵϣͼԼϵʹתЩͷҲ 
ѪʺѪ˳Ŷͷ£봽ǵѪҺӳ 
ģȴһȡ
ҪɴۣǰһѻסôҲ 
§š
ȻԼĺ촽΢㶣͸оһ 
СԼĿУģ裬ңЩ 
оԼĴǳѪ˿ģȴʹͷҲʳ 
Ѫ˿һɵѪζ˿ɢȴޱȣ˾ 
ţڱ˴˿оع֣ؿǴʹȻҲ 
ˣؼֻʣҲݲ
֪˶ã˵Ĵ룬ճճĸоڷֿһ 
ܹǵͷûнǹһȴо죬ԭ 
ʹҲʧˣô᣿ֵţȻע⵽ǵú 
Ĵ滹бҧƵѺۣ۵شսĺ촽 
ͷģȴޱȡ
ѵõغˡ
۾ӾϵľЩؿ
ߵС￴ôĲʵòƷˡ
һʱ䣬ܶԵðþˣֻЩصĺС 

ؿԼһ㱵ĻԺƺ 
ŬҪǸ棬ȴҲˣ˦˦ͷ 
ܻ̾İɣھûҲνˣֻ 
عһ
ι㣭οڣȻ§ 
ٵҸſؿЦšСָķλ 
ϣʹ𣿡
ҹתҡͷ
״ϲؿĲʹˣ
ͷ
ûƭң
ٵͷ
Ϊ˲ĶƭҰɣ
ҡͷ
ҪƭҵĻ
ĳεضੲݵĺ촽һεӶᡣ
һΣȴģģҪƽϵѪۡ
С֨֨سŸһֳ֮ΪҸζΧ 
۵ý˲̴š

İӰɽȣɢǿ޷ܣ 
һħȵ˾Ӱ˾ù¼ޱȡ
żһӰӴڽ룬еһöż 
ħǰ
ħһƳǺȻȼ˻⣬ЩȲ 
ùż𿪣ֻżϤ壭ͯ磡
ǵģʣּ
żȴֻ
֪䣬޺
īǱҪЮסˣǸʵûж 
򡭡
뵽ˣӳ
ʵΣûκвˣǸСŮˣ 

þòˡ
㱼䣬绨ľƺָǰٴҹλص 
˼
īظŷ⴦ϤıʼЩʲݣЩ壬 
㱣ԭݵԭİǡ
ϸĦżϸŵ۵壬޷Ƶʧ 
ԭأӹǻʹ




ʮһ  

ʱ֮ʹ
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Уһ㸩ӲϵϢ֮˸ʤһ 
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˿Ľǹ·ǿЦСһ㡣
ȷܰڴ˵أʵڿЦīЦǧ 
ҲµᱻСв
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͡һǿһӣʱϱǵ΢ɲ 
üͷѪ˿Ҳ˳¡
ûȥѪЦŴ£ֱſڴͣ¡
βһ
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żһظ֮ 
΢ݼţ漴ִ󷽵аˣȻǻ 
ˣȴе۾ûǺڰԶԶ 
κһֻҪ룬ʱԻҶ¡
ˣسֻԭûߵİ㣬Ҫ 
ҵġ֪ԭŮ˱ 
֪ϢĲƵسʹ£ȴ˲ָȻĹâ 
һǰˣ㣬ǿҲη 
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Ϊ
īһеϡ
ɲţµ˿ 
̣һ̧ͷһЦϣ
˵ɣӰۼˡ
һΣüЦʣüī˼ 

īʾ˿δˣŵ˫̵ؽ 
˽ǲɫֵֻҪ㽫Ȩ£ 
Ϣһ֮
ԣīſشЦ 
ֹԣЦˡ
һĨаЦ˼īǣ䱩壬ΪԴ˱ 
в𣿡ŭһһصңʱɱ 
ڴ˴ί³ֻ 

ʵؿãЦ
֪һôӰ룬罺ᣬͬͬסͬ 
һ˰ҲЦмŵǼЦǿЦѷֲ塣
ȿȡ˵꣬ס˲ӣ޷ȴЦ 
ҲҪһ㡣
īһǳǳʹҪ 
ԱԲԣѵҲҪͬЩһ㱳Ҳ 
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˿ˡд͹ңҵú 
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ʮ  Ȼ


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Īǡ
״͢ҲӦøɴ࣬һȭǵģֿв֮ԭ 
Ժ͡
ԣĿһתֽӹҹȥ͢Ͻ 

뱾ҽտҹϵһû˵Ҫܿ죬 
͢İ˾ι
Ϊ֮ϴвѪߵ͢ 
˾ɹĴϣ²ãҪתƵ 
ȴͻأľٶʣԣֻգֻһ 
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˼·ˣǡЩҪҹ޴Ѱֻ 
ڽ´ţĪ֡
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Ǻǡ͢Ц£ֻѰһ˵Ϣ 

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ƽʱĹģΪްˡʲôҪ 
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ׯ̹͢سԼ˼
Ǻǣ벻˳֮˰֪Ůܹõ 
ֵľˣ뿪ЦȴΪԼûнİЦ 
ɬɬζţɵǲ֪ʱδ˶ϡ
켸ȥѰԼҲһĽ 
尾̲סصĵطǹĵεΡ
͢ԣһЦǽĵȴѸֳ̹ 
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ĴȥڹƳ汻ȡ󾹻һͼٴο 
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ȣܾҪѯϢδֱӣˣ˾ 
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Щ˵ҲٰɡȻܼ
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ؿڣóмҪһϰ 
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ġԶµǸŮӾ
أڴлҪȥ棬ûʱˣл 
ĺ⣬ҹЩѵŲ
ԿķңдòǶָ





ʮ  ߲

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ϷϷ΢ЩȻԥֻӲͷƤ 
㣭Ϣ˵꣬ԼҲ֪Ϊ˿
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еСС顣˵⣬˶٣ҹԽԽѿ 
ɫԥ
һֱǶ˵̸˵ʱ벢δ©۵ 
Ĩе飬ˣż뿪ѰŮȥ 
ˣе飬ʱԼǸħһм
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һı䳹ǡ
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غ͵ǡ
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񻹺𣿡
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ʹ
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˵
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˶ûʲôӦֻ۴Ŀ
лֵľֻ֮һһپ 
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һ
ˣлˡ͢һЦ
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Ϊ͢治أ

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ƣӣƺʲô¸סˣòִҴȥǺ 
ֵǣÿһҲֻǾһԿʲô 
һԱ߿Ұĺ︴֣Ҳ² 
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ҲãģֻҪͺãÿ춼ľսġ
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ΪԼĲᶨŻɱ˵İɣ˵ʲôҲԸ 
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Ϣܵý
ĳǷԼ˳ȥǱ˾ˣ
ƽĻΪʲôȥѵʲôΣ 
书ôߣġ
Լָʲôݣ̬ȥ
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ͷһΣķӦ㼤ңΪӣѾҪ 
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̫ƺȻһϽ¹¡
лĸ󣡡¹ض̫һЦ
ԭ˺ӵŮˣʲô˼ʾ 
˰ɣǸһоûеѽԼǱƵģ
Ҳ˵ˣ㱻ʶ°顣̫˸Цݣ 
ضͯ磵
ͯԾɲ˵ؿ̫ţпô˵ 
ΪԼû۵˿Լɱ⣡ߣ
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ӡ
УƭҺ㣿ƭҿֻŵع򵽵㣿Σ
ĸһ̫˲˵ġ¹ 
ţתͯ磵ãϽĸ 
õϵĳҶβѽȻӣû 
òܵõϵôϲÿˣģѵأ 

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еֻļʣߣ˼˵Լһ꾫ģ 
ϹĿЦûԼĽô
¹ͯԾûӦ۾һ£ָֻܿԭЦ 
Цͯ磽ӣúα㲻鲻Ըأź 
Ƕôĸ֡
֣ϡһžǸ֣ڶŮһ 
˾Ǹ֣˭˵ôһЦ
ѽ˼ҲдһȺŮ˶ȥˣǡ 
ǡдѽ





ʮ  īԲ

Ů˶һͷŮӣͯʼһԲ 
˽еһҲĥ
ˣΪĲҶ𣿻ǰҵӣٻ 
Ҳ밧ԣ̫һŭݣĿЩŤ⡱վ 
뵽ҪʱЩūΨΨŵŵӣǰŮ 
ŵӾβˣ
ĸӲѽ¹סĵ⣬ 
ذ̫תֶͯ磵ã㿴ĸˣͱٹִ 
ˣȰȰźã
ԣͯü䵽Ļ̥ϷŮϣ 
񣬼ϻڼԽԽ˯ǣҲûǸ񣬺˯ 

뵽ˣס˸Ƿ
̫̲סˣѹµŭӿָһ 
һ̵طŶָͯ磡
¹ز˵ˣƺһԵſϷӡ
Ŭƽŭ̫˰ٵ£̫ҽ
̫ҽ
ͯ磵ĲһʲôҪˡ
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ϤףͯеĲˣȴֻܾ 

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̫ҽͯһۣеŪЩ̣ôһŮ 
ӣʵҲȲѱ°ͬġΪԼ 
˵İΣֻú
̫󻰣΢λλ̫ҽ˿ڴ 
ǰʱѾر۵ͯһۣλжࡣ 

̫ҽĻ䣬ֻͯеһת
࣬Ǻǣ࣬գ̫Ź𣬷Ź 
ĺ𣿲ܡ
ﾲĬճ˾þá
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شıУ̱ǵ¡
Щҩζͯǹɲˣ⣬ʲôҩ֪ 
ȴ֪һԸġ
ţ̫ͻȻߵЩŮԱߣҩ޸ӣ΢Ц 

ֻЦôﲻ۵ףĺ
棬֮Ůûʸģ˵ 
ǣҲ֪϶ϲ˵⿴˿ 
ͯ磽ϵӣԭ۵Ľ׶ˣΨ֮ʣ⻵ 
ҲֻɰˣҪǲܵˣǿԷһʲ 
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䣬ŹκһطģȻ
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ʲô
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ҵģûκιϵҪǷһҵ 
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ҩֻԼµɭɭħ
һӵħ

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ڹ
ҪҪ
ͱǿ˿ǺɫĿֲҺôУ 
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ڵϡ
ӣ֪ȻҲ֪Ƿĸףĺܰ㰡 
ҵĵһӣĺܰġ
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ѪԽԽ죬ԽԽ࣬ۼ£ȻȴԾɵɵڵ 
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ʹԶԶȲʹ
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īԲ𣬶Բ𡭡
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Ŀȥһ⣬һɫĿޱ޾ĺڰ
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µģһ¡
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ˣаȵࡣ
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ʹ
һϵŭʱڵ 
˲Ծ¡
ߵϣ
ʶ
żҪλ½⣬ĳˣԺĻĳ 
ϣϣǲҪ⡣Ϲ





ʮ  

޲ǷԸκ˽𣿡ƳһС 
̫࣬Ȼڴµͯ磣صɴۣ߹ȥ 
޹ȥ
ô£ô
ѪöѪ
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У
ػϣȷˡҩЧոշḁ̥̃ԾΡ 
֪ϡ̫ҽԥţʵ𾪵ɫСź 

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ѵľ
ۻ˶ӵɫ˸ӡ
ΣµѪճʪմֱϣޱȡ
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ʱ̥ǲ
ĺӣⲻĺӡ
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ŬҪۣȴûһ˿
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ˣףȾҵĺӡźȴһ 

ʱһһڲ׵ԥţȫҲţ 
ʧˣһϣҲˣֻʣ¾ 
ڰ
һǰδеĿдӸռŵֻš
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ûˣϲŭԭüͷȴɿ 

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ȷԼŮ˻б˵ĺӣŮ䷸˴ȴΪ 
鷳赶ɱˣá
úôģֻҪߡ
ﱣ֤

һСϣԷŲľ߹һֻ 
㱼۵۵糸ٶȡ̧ͷһӰ 
ǵĴһ㡣
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ǱǸˡɫͦ忡ߴ󣬶īɫװӱǸ
һɫӰʼһﲻ컹Ŷ񣬿 
òȴ˸еһеĺɢ 
η塣
ⲢǸ֪ļһ
ǡڵ٩ȴס˿ڣֻǶؿǰ 

ôˣ͢ҲעӵķȥһƬԴ֣ 
ʲôҲûа
ûʲô૵ĿȴԾɻؿǰ档ղ 
Ǹῴġ
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˵Ҳڻ澩
ţĵ׺ȻһŻȼȵţ 
ֲԾؼӿ˲ٶȡ
ƥţǵ˲ҪƵĸ·Ѿƣ 
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ȵȣǰվȥҪһɣӸϴε 
ˡ͢ϸĵ⵽Щæѵ
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ĿյºˮϢһ¡
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ˣû˿õ۵ĨڴĿһֱصúܺã 
صúܺõġǰϰߵزţһǰ
ӣһȶԭվİǲ 
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Ҫȴ޲ܰ
һ죬ҹܾ֪ƵַȴԵʲô 
ûƵᡢϸ壬·ǻ»ʱǶԶķޣΪ 
纷üչӣֻȴûа취صǰ
˵ˣīһΪ֮עصĶ 
̫ʧ书֮޸Խ죬ֻԾҪһ 
ʱ䣬һֱڻֶͣԭ򡣹δָһ· 
ǡ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪ޲
һԲ̵سͷһȴֿԲϧһֻΪ 
˶ƣϧĲпᣬᵽµĳ谮 
죬ݣۣĺۡ
İ̫أ̫γܵˡ
ӡ
˵Ǽˣһֱ⸽Զ 
ĻظֻҪͬ⣬ʱǼīѷʱ򣬴˲֪ 
ʱ룬ѽΪʲôôĲ̣ 
ǲġ
Ȼգǧĸо
ʱصֻѣȴù˺þã 
á
Ȼ֪͵ǰʲôϵȴо 
ǹеΣΪʲôһһծɣ 
ǸĵŮأǱĴǰڡ
ҪԶ߸߷ɶãеˣֻ˼ 
ģһ飬벻á
뵽ǸʧȥĺӣҪ
ңһҪңȱ˳𡭡
ʲôͻȻһʪȵ壬ѱ 
ת䵽Ǹ˵ĻС
Ҫ𡣡һΣһֱȴϲЦ 
С֣ذưסֻС 
۰׵СԵýСǣôϡ
Ҫôҡīؿšʵ 
񶾵Ůץǰۿ 
ѪȣϣЩĻ棬Լ񲻸 
á
˵ҪĶʲôȻƮ 
룬ץסĸо§ֽ˽
ҪʲôʣЩУ֪ 
Ҫʲô
ңǺǡЦˣץסã 
磬û飬ûеƹ۽ֻ̨лծ飬˵ 
ҲǺݳ޵Ķǵ𣿴ʱ䣬Ǵˣ
ܣܣôҲҪΪԼŬһΡ
סҪңңīݺݵҡļ 
¡
Цûлش
㣬ǲǿýɽͯ磺Ȼʵ
īһ㶣ʱЩζؿ
ҪǴӸ߸ϵ߱һеؤ㣬ȡ֮ 
ɣǣȨϵŮˣȻǶĴɣ 
ǸˡⶼֻʱĳͷкϷںء
áīҲЦˣƺĻɣһԥûУ 
ǳͬ
ˣ˯ѳߵߡ
Ҳ롮˯ˡһ߳ȵӺס 
ͷüǰ죡
ȫķŭһ֣תڴϣ 
䵽ſţҲ֮¡
һֹȡ
ѽ˼̫ϲСīīˣ̲סдһϷݣϲ 
еǶൣЩܿ˾ֵǳ~~~





ʮ  

һĵԺڣʻභޣ԰ڸ䣬һԲ 
ʯԽһò˵ľʡ
Ȼ˿ΧԲŵȴɫ죬Ͼ 
԰һֵհΧżˣ˭Ҳû˵ֻƺʱʱ 
سԺſڴȥڲס۵ͬĽ
λõˡڿĨīɫӰԺӵɲǣ˲Լͬ 
һīӵ񶼴еΡ
ô˵͢Щشվ
ĺѣһĨȻݼšܿ߻˵ 
Ĳ̣Ϊѵز֪ڡ
ѾȵùõˣҪԼʲôԣò 
ѱݵԯĺ̲סǻ𱩵ӣ޷޵һ 
޹һ֦Ѿ۶ϡ
ҹԾɺֻܰȴ˲ܺӵƣҲͬ 
ڴ
˵ȵ֮󣬻㡣ҹ 
ǰעΨһŵӣףΪᰮô 
һˡ
ԣҹ޸ߴ΢΢һ٣мس΢ףֻҪ 
Ըȣ۶áҪ飬Լֹǿ 
ΥԼԸԼߣҪá
˵꣬ʧȥһμ䣬ǣ˵Բ 
ǲҪ벻̵شƺѵĻ룬Ǹһ 
ү
ǣңҲҪĶԲҲĵǸ 
ȥҸ˵һǰѰ۶ҶȣҲ 
ģ͢һʱԽףЩҵط뿪Ժӡ
ʲôǸŮ
Ҳ˵ĻҪԶ˵Զ˵Ҳ 
ģҵԶϢԯĺŭ侲 
쳣ŵض˵ȴǶǸһֱĬĬԵ˵תҲ 
˳ȥ
̾˿鷴գĽķӦ 
ԤϵģǸŮΪǻ׷ôǻ 
ö๤ʹ⼸ۺС֡شأҪȻ 
Ļ֪ἤ
ĸԸôҲֻΪǸСŮˣֻ 
ǡ
ƣǼ˻ԥȰӡ 
¹˭֣ȻҪȼ˵˭Ҳ˭
һΩҶİԵүһĲڵĵĮͣһ° 
רһɱ֣ƾУ£˭Ըأʹ߹ 
˵ĺӣΪ˴ѣȴûдϿκ 
飬еֻŨŨļŭݺķŭ
ǣзˣ޸
ĶֲһѲ
ϲƽһ仰ûвȻ˻ 
Ƿи飬ۿĸ飬Ļ 
ǰͻȻڵˣĻȴһô֪ 
ġ
ˣһǸлΪһСϣһ 
ʧԭأһ˴ؿڲס԰

ľѩɴߴ
ƹװ׵羶ߣԾǼ򵥵ĺľķɫ 
̵棬󷽼ࡣڣߣһӰ⵹ڴ 
ϣȵĺʾǳߣҲֻ˳һű˿ 
ϣԵЩҡ
״벻ɵ̾˿ǰñӣһ˫޳Ĵ 
һǰȻ˫֮ϲȥ 
ȥįתߣȻߵһֻعͷ
ʱȥΪѷ硣˵꣬뿪ˡ
ݳĳһİӵ͢ḧ˯˶۵ 
þãþûˣһ̣оԼ 
ĶҪ˺ˡʹҲǣ
ûйݣмΪԵԼ 
л׽ģֻǾؿҲá
˾̲סƿ§ͬߣһ 
Щõӡ
ԺиейԴսͯԱŲŲѵҲҪ 
ַ𣿲뵽ˣǿغˣȴ˿ûʶ 
ʲôһСζѡ
оĿܣ͢һɬ 
ӣһָĦ˳㷢õĴҲ 
ĵζа˯š
ʱһһȥӰؿŻ˯˶ 
ñۣϧ׵ʱ̣һĽī 
Լ欵ˣͼޱߵĿտ䡣
ƽʱΪҹī޶ȵȡͯ磱ȻҪ˯ϼ죬 
ʳЩĵҩģе 
࣬˯̫Ҳܲ㾫񣬲Ȼûֻ֣ķŽȥ 
ʱú̸̸ѡǣôӦ 
㱳˰ɣȥʱǵûкú 
͡ˡ飬֪Լ³أ
ǿʼЩˣ۾ۣ
ס죬ֻܸɵ۾Щңô 
İ˽ģ
С磱£ҡ͢ڲȥԾģ 
ֱ˺ġ
͢ҿǲ㱡Ƥ¶ԭ 
һƬ
ͯ磵͵һ
ȻֻյĻʹһΣȴԵиУ 
˵ʧȥ˼䣬ǰʲôϵӦܵİɣ 
ȻôôȻȻ§˯أģֹϵ
ͷ͢طſס֣۵Ĵ 
÷֡
ôǰģ
ҡˡ˵仰ͥ˺ 
ɵÿ£ۣҲôÿ
ˣȻԼĴǵش
һʱˡʧȥмĽ͢Щʧص
У뿪ɣҪˣ֪ΪΣǲ뿴 
ˣԼҲͲΪʲôһڶμôģҲ 
ΪǰʶԵʰɣ׽Σͯ뵽
С磡˵ؿȴ޿κΣΪ뺦
ͯ磱ģΪʲô˵һԹв̣Ҳ 
ǰǷ̫ࣿ
߰ɣԺðˣֱ´ŽѾһ 
Ե˯ϡ
ôô˲أذȻҲġ 
ƺϰΪ̾˿ţһ˫Ь 
ߵǰϸΪϣ·𱾾ӦȻĶ 
һ
ǰסһ˯һһӣô 
ǵʲôϵ
ʣǷһծͱֽ
뿪˵ЩʲôźȻֻ͢ؿһ 
ᶨضҲġ
ϣתʹҴ뿪
忡ݵıӰĻںþã





ʮ  ħ

Ҵȥطһ磬ī깦˳ر 
ȥ;Ǵ֣ǰȴû˼ȥ 
ڳȵĻЩǹ̵¶ÿÿЩ 
ʼ޷
һƬӣĿľɫùҲ˵ﲻ 
ԣֻüͻȻûܡ
¡оĽī§Ще˶
ֻİȴ޷ƽ쳣˭ 
˻ġޡ
뵽ͯ磻ײС
ԭﲻһ˵ˡ
ܿ죬һΧɫԺǽǰͣ£ŵ˼ī 
󹧾صͷţ֪ǷĴƺ 
ݴ
һһŨŨѪζ˱Ƕĸӿͷ
⵽ʲôط
ĲʣīͷǰʱȻ 
ԭŵѪζֻǣţһУֻ֪ 
¥ݣȻһƽһѵǵң 
߲ʱһЩңЩνͣ
ԣ۾ǵˡī
ǡӳһŮˣ 
۾ǰû˿Ѫɫһİ׷ۣ͵ 
Ϥÿҹجǻף̫¹
ŨҵĺϯͯһԲֻضǡ
ƺע⵽ǹŨҵĺ⣬¹תͷǿ
ħħħˣһī¹ʱ 
̬ؼһʧ˺šԱߵ̫ŶӦ˵ 
һĥòεŮˣҲ־صɴ۾żī
ǣϲûʲô˺ۣƵֻ֤һЩ 
ĦɵСˣôᱻųأƺͷβֻע⵽ 
ī˵׶ʲô
ɻԽԽ󣬿ǿӣò˵ܳ 
ԼʲôĳˣҲһˣ˭Ȼ 
ҪģЩؿˡ˵±
̫һֱ˵ֻĽɪɪضżī˫ 
յټֻʣľ֡
ȻҵزҲֻײĥ 
죬һضżī߲ǶżīǼīĺ棿
ͯɻҪתͷͻȻīסԴŵһɶ 
˱ȵĻΧţŮ˵׿ʲôȻ 
ǰҲû¶̫־壬ǶԼī濴Ķ 
֣ΣûǵΣԿ϶ˣʪ 
ѪȵĶĳζȻīʲôҲûǲµó
ʵںܺ棬룬ŬҪƿīס֣һ 
ѹ˵øȵĺڶࡣ
ԣ𿴡ôЩѪֲпĻأ 
ĥŮ˵ģĥĥӵĲпᣬÿ쿴Ųͬ 
ǰݣԶ֪һֻϣ֪ʱֵ 
Լʹ࣬ĳһѺһƤֻ¶ֻ׵Ѫ 
ܵ۾ǱͷĨһϣĳر𰮺ζ 
ľҳȫһһԵԼ⣿Ҳˡ
ָĿǰݣ˰ǵ۾ſ 
ۣѨֻһͬһ
Ըǣһīŷſ 
ǽ۾ķ̶̫¹ķ򣬶ǲ 
һ˿һġ
īĻͯ磻شͿŮͬʱɪ 
Ѿۿİſǲ 
ǲײķߺ޺һҪԵı顣ߣߺޣʸ 

ܲȸ㵽׶ʲôתī˫ 
ȵѪͫ
һЦа䣬͵͵òҪ֪ҵı 
ġ
˵ţ޵ӹеŮˣӾҵս 

Բ𣬶ԲҴˣŹҰɣ㡭֪ԭ 
¹ò˺һýȴԾŬ 
֣ʹôҲһģ
룬ͯ磿īĿԵЩ죬ͬʱҲԲĲ 

һпѪħͷֻǰѪȵһ棬 
ϣԼİŮ˻η۵Ŀ־ʹ 
һ񿴼ħһĿ־顣
ԭںţָоദݺݲ 
һγ˲
ĺȻú䣬ʹԼڻҲޱߵĺǿ 
ң޷
ĿϰΪû˿ 
ŵģû˽̹ô죿
īԳһЦݺݰǶԼĻЦľսȴ 
ޱȣֻЦޱܵý
īʹȷſҡܵţЩŵҪ˳ 
ĻΪоƺʲôͬˣԭʧ 
̳ţȴηĶ
ͨͨһ飬סûȫ֮ǰ׼ȥһĨ 
ЦͷҲصض
ǡشһȫ޲˿Уе 
һ㡣
Ҫңң
᲻úģħǣú
ͯ޷ľ󣬴ʵֻ 
ɤֲ䣬ͷһҲӷ 
СֻԼÿһ缡 
Ƶطë
زı仯ӿ뿪εٶȣս 
ʣǳ̵ĺȴ̹ǡ
ģҲģҵıŮˣǸ 
صʹе־塣

ڳ֮ǰʵ֮͸һ϶͸ССķ϶ 
ĿӹһŹǽƵƤܴһƤ쳣 
ȻǺܡʡģѪ͸ںڵëͷָſ· 
ؿԿչֻš
һŸձģƤ
Żš£öġ
ܵ죬ţĲһˣǡ 
ͯ磻ҵҡͷĸǿˡ
ôˣīü˵κذŵϡ
һ˵أһҵһҲһͷֹ 
طУ
īߵΪȴ͵ɪ£漴Σ 
ӣѪͫﲨ˸ŷ籩
㣬ңƽЩ죬һͷĨа 
ЦݣͷҲҡͷ
СīīżдԽԽаˣŶӦ˵Խ 
Խпˣƺ汾ԣѽԱ¶С磿ܽܲ 
ô죬ôѪˡ





ʮ  ˲ŵҸ

ûԥ£ƣ建ǰߣÿһ 
ߵúÿһǿήҶϣO@ڿյ 
쳣
֪ں棬ֻǲ֪ΪʲôûֹҲû˵һ 
ֱĬĬظţÿ£ʱҲƺһϣ 

֪ô˶ãͣҲ
ֱǰһ峺ףϡܿˮɵ 

ͣһ˫۵ˮս 
˿ڣ˿еɬζٺһڣ̲ 
ס̾ȴҲޱȣǹɱ˳ĺһֱθ 
ǱҲ࣬衣
ĿһֱϣƱ䣬ѷֲ塣
룬ͻȻվһֻ˺ˮĸоڽŵ 
ûзӦ
һֻ˽ȥ䵽˸ĵطˮѾûϥǣ 
ʼϰ¶ȫû˿
ߣǳεѾ֮͸˿ 
ֻʣһ˹ںУˮĸĵӰں 
ӳȻһǸҶġ鱦Ϸ龰 
ʱҲӳǵӣôůʱ⣬ڣƺ 
ˣʲôˡ󣬻û
ڣˮ͹ǰ˰ľӾǰ 
ᣬҲûȥѧһΣѰˣԣѰ 
ôᣬļûġںˮ·ʱһ 
ЩģĻüҲǵӰӾʧˡ
ʶؼˮţѾˮûˡ
ûûп־壬ôԼף 
תţȴҲӳĳ˴ʱѷӿ 
ѪУ粻շתѲ⡣
͵أһĨӰӹ棬գۼ䣬ʪ͸ѱ§һ 
Ļ¶ȣ̵ĻţҲۡ
ǣҪˣõһЩҪ֪Ϣ
Լݺݰںߵһʯͷϣòۣ˫ɭ 
Ѫͫ棬δľţǺ˵ķа
𣿡ĺڶʣ䡣
һؿճ
ôңҪ룬Ϊ˾ 
ңҲŹġҪסԶԶܡ 
īᣬᣬСǲ 
˿̽
вĶһһͷȻ¶ 

ҲֻҵȻݵغĤ 
ۡ˺˾в£᲻ã᲻ 

ΪΣʹı˵ôôʹ᲻ã᲻á
ˣôûκοˣûп 
˺ˣٲҪ׶ĵʹû 
ǰġ
ˣôҲȥֻҪһ뵽ûĴ 
ޱ߿տȣ塣ˣĵȷٱ˺ 
Ϊֻͬʬ⣬һֱʹĥ
в֮һϱ˺ѵ屻¶ڿ 
ˬķůһֽȻͬĸܽϣЩ 
ʣҲЩ
ںҲ̫Сˣ˵̫͹ 
ǲ׵۹⣿ôأаš
˼һ룬Ѿ³ռУӶԵģݺռ 
š
ҧ´Լһǿ̧ͷգͼԼ 
ԼӰ죬屻ĥˣ־ܡ
޶ԣЦˣаأȻЦš˫ʹ 
ϸˣϤе㣬ҪĻӦ
´ҧóѪָͷ˿ӷϷݣ 
磬ǲһ˿һ
ԽǿԽݡ
˶ţΧһж޹ؽҪˣȫƺֻʣ 
ǣҲľ
ʹŵģȴֵסĿУʹš
󣬸ûں˭ˣ˭Ӯˣ˵˶ˣ 
˵˶Ӯˡ
ȥʱ۵û˯ˣֻои 
ΪϴӣϸϸΪĦţزÿһˮ飬 
ٳ§˯ˣһĳҹϸ
ߵ˲֪ʲôʱ뿪ϵĶȴڴ 
ϾþǻȥĺɦŪ࣬ķң 
ԭᶨҲҡڲ
һ˯ƵشĴԾ 
Ҷයһӣڶһ̻ᶯҡǿȻʼҡڵġ 
ԽԽѶˣʲôĪ⣬ʼ޷ 
ǿҵĲᡣ
üԶ룬󽥽 
ĽŲҲûв
ֱһںڵҩˮ˵ǰ
ллûпһۣǹϤҩζѾµˣ 
Խӹһ£üͷҲһ¡
ĮȻһʧ˼֡
㡭˼һֹ
ôˣڵĻ˵һɲԸŶͯ磲Ц 
عͷˣƽʱһʱǵģʲôʱ 
ô
㣬𣿡ѱȹıҩһĨɬ 
ԥؿڡ
ǣҪ𣿡ֻһ룬ڻصһŵ 
벻Ტδӹ۾
Ĳ𣿡֪˵仰ᱻᣬ̲סѿڶ 

ȴûмԤеĲãֻŬһĨЦ죬 
Ұĺ֪ԵģһΡ
ȻֻҪҪġƴȫ쵽Ҫң 
ȥѺһ仰ĵطؿ 
ϧ
룬ллͯĵضĺܺã 
£͵͵ҩɳ²֣ǸˣǱ 
ǸˣȴԾȻ˵Լûѣ֪ 
ΪģȻ֪ΪʲôҪлû 
ʲôƻʵвˡ
ã˵ˣԼҪ¶ѡ빴һĨ 
ɬЦݣǸĬĬ뿪䡣
Ҫĸм
ҲһҲ֪ôһڰڣԶ 
ڡ
ȵȣȻס
ŵһ٣ûת
룬ԼҲҪСĵ㡣ůᣬ 
ĹУĻһЩİռˣԭɬ 
ůڰͻȻսһ⡣
ЦˣԾûлͷĬĬ˳ȥֻĨ 
ϵЦòɢҸ˲š
ǰЦݣ˿޵ĳ嶯




ʮ  

ڰУŵδδˮͻ̵ȼյż 
žž޴ϵ˲ȥ²Ǹĵط 

ռؽš
𣿡

㻹ˣò˵Ҷʧ

Ź㡣
Ǻǡ
Цʲô
߰ɣ㡣
֪Լ˵ʲô𣡡
ֻǲԽԽʹ࣬С
ҵģԶǣ㣭
Ҳڣڣ
һĽ͸Ӳĺǽ˲
ʱһһǰιֲǿ컹ֻɽ 
Ȼͬ˼⣬˺࣬޲Ķһ˵˽Ͳ 
̣ǣĲǸ͸ӷ룬룬 
һ
ڼīаˣֻҪһ뵽ľͻ쳣ì 
ܡᡣ
˫а䵽ѪܻԽУһʱ 
Ǵڴֻţ˲Ů˲һõ 
벻ӦԼϣһֱϲˣΪʲô 
аȴղء
īĸоǹΣȴջ 
񫣬ĸԸض䣬鲻Խ
ǵģִ̼ĸоֻţÿһΣԼԶ룬 
ȴǲƵس١
뵽ɵǸƻһС̲סؿڡ
īīԵ˹㣬ķӦء
ǣĺӣԲҪ˵Բˡ
һʹػš
ô˯һִôˣҺúá 
ǲǣţаڶૣī 
Ļ̵֫Ʈ˼˻
ʱˣǲζĹѾָ˴룿 
ƻҪߴЩˣ뵽ؿһơ
ҵı˺˻ĥĶϣȵƬ 
ˮ̶
ҪһӺòãƲֵģҺۡ
ᡣ
˺Ϳ㺢ˣڼӣҲеûţ˵ 
òãī̲סҪᣬպ
Ȼ˸Сһ㣬һԴвǰء 
ɭ֡ûκ˴ţֻһҿĵ 
ÿն㣬Ҳ㣬ҲСԺջ 
Сȥ׽㣬׽һ࣬˵ 
òã
īҪ𿪵һȥһ͵͵ʡ
һֱһȥô㣬ԽԽ㣬 
˵òã
òòòòãֹסУס䣬 
ܾٴκһ֣Ѿˮԭ᲻ֹ 
̵ģǿġ
ôˣҪôҪԼ𣿱 
ЦſҵķӦƺһҲľٶ
ҲҪҲҪ˵ˣ㲻˵ˣ۾س 
УȴһֻϹֵСèҪûв
ԣˣúõôأ޻Ȼҵı 
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ʮ  ο

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ηӦ
ӹǸϷʵĿգһĨ˼ľɫޣ 
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ı࣬ط´ϴϣȴһ˵ĵ
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˿ŮӣܿĿ˿Ů 
ϲźš
ŵ㣡ܶ˶ǵģŲЩٵͯ磺Ȼһ 
һæ򽹼¶Ĳȡ
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һɽѪüһֱ쵽򦣬ʹԭ欵 
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Ĳᡣ
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㡭ҴȥȿȡſĿ⿴һֱһ 
ԳĬһȥһˣΪ֪ 
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ס·
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֪ģûңǸƻҲԽУһҪ 
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ˣǡһġסĲᣬ 
Ҫ˵Ķ˵˳Ŀ̰ĵϣһʹ




ʮ  뿪ǰϦ

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ҡ
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Ƴۣٿ
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һĨȥᣬתȥ
תûлͷ˫䵽ϵӣܸܵ 
ȵüҪ˵ߣ룬Բ
ˮģǰһУֻһǰߣֱһ˫ְס
ˣȻ
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һץ˹תߣҲֻøں档

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źá
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ͷ
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ȴձʱŷʲϵĵˮգԼ 
档
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㴫ڼžķ쳣
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˼
ȷͯüīעʱһҩۣҩ 
ʹʱԾʱīʣҩҲ 
֮ǰΪģȻīĹûʲô 
סȴֻάʱ




ʮ  

ҹ޸Ͻȥ֮ûţ 
˿ʱмǰ·
һˣæԵЩСϡ
ҪҵӴȥһƽ޺۵ 
ֹס˵ĽŲͯ磣Ϥɤһ 
§˲Щ
е˶תڳĻﲻ̧ͷ
ҿôѵҩûЧ
ôˣΪȥˣҪȥôҲΪһ 
īЦţֻ˫ħȵڿҹ 
ʱɫøЩ
ͯһûתͷȥҹްı¡ 

ǸƽùɫתΪī죬ȴֻЦ 
Ц
ôẦ๫أ죬һҪΪȥץ 
Ҫܷģԣī֡
ͯ磰ͷøˣͷ˵ͷ
Щ̵ŰֱռУ岻ɵһ 
·ܸܵõʹ
оĿ־벻ҹǸЦһ 
аӡ
ӽôôġأȻˣ๫ֻùȥ 
һ䣬ȵʱʧԭأӰһ䵽ǰ 
ҹޱͯ磲źۼض㿪Ϯ
īҲȥġڣͯ磴ůĻ̧ͷ 
ŲԶˡ
ᶨӶа˿Ѫ˽ӿ֡
īߴΪʲô˿̿ЩҲǴŲ 
ף˶µǿӲƳҩ۵ҩѾȴǲʵ 
׷
ֲˣôܸһȺİˡһأΣյģ 
ҪΪīɨˣغ 

ҡͷٵˮǾǿ
ȷĲҪ𣿡вǼᶨ 
ҡͷ
īȥɡ
īĿŭԽԽࡣ
ΪʲôѵҶ㲻ѵһѾ 
Ķ㣬Ϊʲô㻹ҪңΪʲôҪһң 
ɨ
ĺݺһĿ۽󣬲ҿ۾
ǿҡþãƽ˵仰΢΢ȴڲס 
־壬ҹæ§۾ȴǵī
һ⻰ڳ۾ʱˣȻǿ
һˣīΣյɱ 
Ѫͫ
ֻǰ㣬ѵ㻹֪𣿡˿ûиеΣī 
籩ۡ
Ҳ㡣ңǿȣռУؿ 
˵꣬ϣûٿһۡ
ʱˣһϣû˷
𣿡һīƽŴҲأ 
ңôΪҵ»ô֣Ϊǰҵġ
ĻҪŭڳƵģͯ磵Ҳ̲סˣ 
ԽˡɫӣȻ˵
Ȼ
īֻǿİˣһֱԼһԸû 
˵ǿģڵĹǿ϶ģ̲ס 
Ƣԯĺ𱩵ؿڷûǿȹ 
ǵĶûأߣ뵽ͺ޵ģ֪ 
һ¡ɫࡱջˣһΪԼ˲ģĪѽ 

˵䣬īѾԯĺһţȻ˹ 
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ֻӰӱĪƶţȴʽ
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ȱѾ·ˡ
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ˣȻȴܲó֡
ҹ޵ͷҲ˲䲻Ӱˡ
վΪδָҲеĸ֣īѨ 
һԵ¡
ԯĺɭɭؿҪ֣
ҪʱһһʹæֹסĶ
ߣҾ֪᲻ãԯĺҲûɱֻӣ 
ԤиǿҵķӦ̲סʹȴǱװµ
ͯ磿ߵīԱߣŵز鿴ã˼ 
˺ۣûжأһҪվ 
˵Ѫͫ
ģݺݾ¡
īһգգؿ۵ʹϣʲô 
ץŲţܵý
ΪѨҲˣ˵
ֻҪߣҪߡ
ӦҪһߵġ
ӦҪΪӣиҵġ
ӦӴ˲һ˹¶ȥġ


һѰѷĵ࣬ʧš
ٿҵҲǰһƬ
ͻȻǰİһߴĺӰȥͷһ 
Ƭɫ
߰ɣ𣿡
ֲԾӿţ·ʲ 
ôҲٹ˼ˣһУ⣬Ҹ
ӺɫӰϣϵӰӳģҸ 
״
ѾͷҲصǰˣͥԯĺӵؿһ 
ۣҲɬȺ뿪
е裬ҹ޵ֿһҸĻȣ§ 
ԼϣһڽţӵԾ𣬷ɿȥ
͸ı۰ԶԶأһڵϵаӣ 
ģߡ
ԶˣҪ忪Ѩӯ˾ӨҺ 
塣
ȴֻܣԽԽԶֱһСԲ㣬ʧ֮ 
С
һͷʧȥɵޣﱯ˵˺𡭡
˺ֻۣܷ񱨸ˣ׹ 

ٴα˵ٴα˵ӴˣǿѪܵģ 
ɱ¾ħ
һƬ½ϣա
ðɣڶ˽ŮҪЯһ᳾֮ 
һε᳾֮нȫ⿪еաԪżף 
ۣҪгУһ϶Ԫ֣





ڰʮ  

һ޼ʵƮҡĴڴ󺣵ǰ޸ĸƼֻ 
ڵĺ˼ȸҡҷƺһʱᱻһ˴ڴ 
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ɵҪȥȴȥ޻أڽӽǸ˲仯Ϊ 
ĩǡ
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ڰʮ  

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Σоһ˫ЩֲڵĴţģ̲ס 
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磬Ŷףⲻôô 
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һô
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ŮӴʱһûе뽿ΣĴϾܷȾ 
·ʳ˼̻ӡ
ԣԾʱȻطıɾ׵ 
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ΪҲϲԷǵǴָǸ翴ʱ 
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̫ãķӦЩܸУֻǾؿЦ
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ȥ
ԣԹԵر۾һֻȽֱ۷ס 

ԭԼһʶѣȴܸܵڡϵ 
һУǣΪʲôԼʶᱻֲأһģһ 
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ؿ۷ĻǲǾͿԲʩҲ쿴ˮ 
ģǺǣֿ͵ˣ
ѵ̲סЦķðɣ 
Сĵ㣬Ǹƻļһ㲻ߵĻòҪƭ 

Ǻǣˣĵ˽Ļزš
ѾͷСЦŵ
ȥһ˾ҪһŮعš
ҪԣҪҪôҫ۾ͺˣϣ 
˵ţװС
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һЩشʲôģͲҲ 
ǲ֪ĸ˯һνӰݣ 
ԲϯòһͬʱҲǵһ衣
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µ˭ܾúܾǰйһĲǣǶ֪ 
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Ҳͦãˣ룬ɿһС 
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СҲңߣŲȥץһصĸú 
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СŮҲۣҳղ˵ˣǹģ 
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ЦݣСЩˣЩƻĸ 
ÿοһǼʵŵû£ 
ȻҲ֪ԼӢ޵ԴԶû 
ȤһӰЩӿĿֲԣҪҪ 
ۣ




ڰʮ  Ե֮ʼ

˰ɣԹҾģСί 
Цؽ
ˣ֪ʲôأҸְɣʲôأ 
С𣿽ӣ𣿶ϲУ룬ѽС 
ǿɰҽ㡮СˣҪҾúܺ 
ѽװûпСֱβ͡
ŮˣʲôССǿɰӺô 
ôأˣҪٷҲûã 
ѾˣС𡭡
Ŷôˣˣ 
Ȼһţŭȥüͷյصǰĳ 
ɰģСĪĶһֵĸо̳
Ҫǳھͺˣһ룬ҪʲôκأС 
һκòã֪ǸС𾫣ξģٺ١ 
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ĴĴΣɫĴĵΣɫȻǿֲج 
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ξʲôɫĻ꣬ˮŸӣʲôʲ 
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Ϊ̫ÿһθ˼εʱ۾һӣ 
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ۣҪҪʮħŮţ˭˵𾫵ģŲ 
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ӣûʲôãΪԼĵʱ򾭳ܵ 
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ΪбԶԶģҲ 
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˵֮ĹϵһϾ 
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˳ָںһ㣬ʱһ棭ĳξ 

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ģʲôµģ֪࣡
ƲƲС죬תһ档
ףúŶ
ˮӳаӵشսСԴĸ 
Ȥоš
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ԼʩζˣҪһ̽Ϊʲôʩ 
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Ϊ֪ͷϵңһӣӱ˸ 
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аȵŵϴ󣬼ϲײķֱֵͣòС
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Сٺ߹˲һ㴹˻Ƕ䣬 
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С湻𣿡ȥеľޣЦ
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ᣡ
ħһãһ˫а۶ġ
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ħʽסЦСǿɰ˵ʲôʲô 
֪ˡ
ʩĳξ˭ǺǣԺС 
񡭡




ڰʮ  ʲôǰ

һȦúξǳһ˵Ļȣ 
۾
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Цˡǿô߹ȥ
û㣬ֱֱĳһ֦Ҷ߹ȥֱĳƬһҶ 
ϱСҶӣҶӵ˲䣬һŮܻ 

ңǻˣĳƺԼҶӵģ 
ǸҶӱ
ͨСеؿϣаؿ
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Ŷôֵģת˻⣬Ҳǵúܿ죬 
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һһзȴİܱʣڶϵζ 
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С˵꣬ض粻С
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磡
ƲƲС죬Ĵ۳ǰа˸û 
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㰮ɣˣȥ˯ȥߣ˵ 
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һħѵǰ֪ûа취סֻ 
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˵꣬ʧԭأüͷܲϲ޷ƿصĸо 
һҪסʲôȴûа취ǣôߵġ
ţҲǸξʧˣһ۾ѻصħ 
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ңҵ˺þòԡôķӦæ 
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С졣
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ǳ۳ʲôΪ㣬 
Сȥˣһռأ
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ܿʲô˵ҲǱĻ 
ԼҲֻ֪ɵ滵ƭȥأܸӣ 
ֻҪҾͺáغ
Ŷܸأô˵Ҫȥģ÷ 

ʲôǡѽȻ뵽ոĻʡ




ڰʮ  

ʲôǡѽȻ뵽ոĻʡ
Ŀⶨվһ˼֡
񳾸һֻõĶ͸㣬ÿ 
ʱÿ㣬Զֻңÿն֡ 
ؿ·ܵγˮĿһ˶٣˵š
ϲһֻһҪҶ 
ʱһʲô鶼뵽ңҪңҾ 
ܰģܸˡ㰮𣿡סĿ⣬ʵ 
ŵԼľңڴ
˺þãþá
Ŷԭ˼۶գѽգǽŵҪð 
ܾú֡
롭Ұ磡ʹɻ󣬵ǿε 
Ŀ⣬Цŵ
Ϊ仰ȸԾӵĸ 
һ̵õϣʹպ˵ģʹ˽ذ 
ܿˣʹֻΪֻһĸоҲԲ 
ڣлӴˣ
ģģ
ٵһģ
ѲʱؼɾԪۣȻ 
ɵԪӤһƬհףС飬 
ʱ˽ռϣһ˿һֻû뵽 
̬ռ˰˭ⴿľ鶼鲻 
ذϰɣ±˷Ĵڣֻ 
ֻ
ҵð㡭Ʋסļ 
ܵ䵽ϣͷգ촽ԭʼ 
Ŀңһ·ƣԾ⿪¶Ĵ⡭
ŶΪʲôҪ·ĵط 
ֵģȻİҲų⣬еǣܾ 
ʲôԾ
ⷢĵʹе˲˹̧ͷ˫ 
аˮ޹ؿͣĶ
͵˦˦ͷŬԼЩӶԼֱ 
ջ
ۣæ˿ѩ׵Ľٿһ 
ۻ̲סҪ
찡ʲô
ıԽԽˣҲƲסԼˣȻ֪ 
ȴȥĴࡣ
ҪһõĳΣҪ߹ĵλҪȵΪ 
Լһ̣һжģҲġ
ԲܰίҲ˿ӷֺ 
һ˿
˵壬ҲУռ 
֪𣿻УмǲߣһҪʹҲУȻ 
ᵣģѵóΪ㵣𣿡ס˵С 
غ
Ŷգգа۶ɵصͷ漴Ȼ뵽ʲô 
ɻʵǳÿ춼ҵְҧҵͷǳ 
ռҵıô
ԣ̿ɰĻ˵ 
ôȻ
ϲռôۺЦ⣬ʵ
ĴģϲǡǡҧŴ 
Щԥؿı
ʲôĵʣָҧЩ׵Сϸ 

ǲҪҧ˼ʹŶµüͷһ壬
״ƺɵ˼ţòơòʱ̫Щ 
ıˣƲסԼ
ðɣԺעģǧñ 
㣡ҲУȻвضȻҾҧ㣡
˵꣬س˹ȥļС
֪ˣ粻Ҫ
ļܿתĴϢþûصϷĹ
ˮСŴ֪Ϊ 
ЩҲ޷ˣˮһȦһȦ

رߣһ¿СŮĵذŪˮеɲݣš
С𣬳Ҫȥüޣģ޲ģ
У˰ãֻһûȻ 
ˣɶĳȻֵطСЩζֺ޺޵ 
š
Ҫ˵ͺˣ̾
Ȼ˵ֻĳ˷ѣԭ 
СŮ˵˼ȻԵסˣߣ
Щ񶼲棬ÿοҾһģӺɵŶ 
ʹûҲ׼һҲһ˼û 

Ҳԣˮ࣬ҲѹǸҪ㿴ôֱǱ 
õˮ©˭㲻һߣҲֻԼֵܵסɫ 
Сϲ̵Կš
СŮµֹһСĬĬ﷭ 
Űۡ
ͻȻһôӳ
ѽҼˣҪȥħ棡ٺ٣ȥǸС 
𣬻ٸ˵˷ܵسȥ
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͵͵ʶħ˭
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ȥ𣿡ааع˴ǡ
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ŷ˯СһһΪ 
嶼Լϣůȵ¶ʹ 
ǻһ΢ĻȣԼҲȻЦˡ
Ժ󻹻кܶʱ䣬Ūġ
һĵСľ⣬ŮΧߴߴطţʮĺ汦 

ǹǸǷףЩֱͣΣ׶Բԣ 
ܵػشǺǣѧ˵ĸоãոտ˰죬ֻע 
޳ÿĴɵʳϷŪĶ 

Դ·ϳԹһķˣƽԵĶ 
ʲôģû뵽ʳôζһҪѧҲԣ 
ǣ
ɤͳöһ˿ʹһζ 

ãվһȥһѲ˲Ӱָһߣ׼ 
áŰЩϡ
ǣûһ¯ӱľģŪ̹Ǻֱԣ 
зŪĲҲˡ
״з˲ײκͳ磬һ֣Ϣͬʱ 
ҲϢ˻
ܷ̫ľ񡣡ѵ
㲻˵ŭһƽӣӶеľӣ 
Щľµ𣬵ԭĲˣµĲ˽ȥװ̣ʳ 
ѽ
һֳѵ
ʲôˣĻͷµղ 
ʱѽ





ھʮ  ׼İ

һֳѵ
ʲôˣĻͷµղ 
ʱѽ
ηŶˣҲŶˡĵش治֪Լôô 
һ衣
ȻĳŮûֻ֪Ϊˣأ
ղҷη͵ʱΪʲô˵ǵҰѲ˳Ҫ˲ 
˵
Ĭش⡣
ˣһСӣ˳ȥ۾Ҳذ 
ֻˣҽ첻ˣ
żߣ۾ȥˣ
ۣ
һס˼صԺСŮˣ§ڻε 
̾˿ǲףôԺôȻڵģ
ءҲ۸ңҪˣƿ§סĻ 
תҪżƿϣﳶһĿס 
󣬱Ťͷ
ףоùŶĴҲģǡΪʲôо 
һʱһ
ŽߵĿѣĸоĪ˺üġ 
᲻뿪
ȷӦæ뿪۵ĺ촽Ĵôã 
еԼɲǼֹͣһ̽İ 
о
Ȼȥ
վˣŮճǸ̫ɶˣ 
ʧ죡յأҪǡҪǡҪʲô 
ҲףԼѾЩˣȴһҲȥ 
ţӦûûȥٶգһ˼һ 
Ҳеúܡ
ǣʲô£˵ֵľ 
ǸĮӾһһʹһĴ 
ǱǹصԻ󣬺֪ʲôˣ 
븧ƽĹ¼ţճı飬Լ
İָоʲôദԽоԽ 
ǿңһʼֻΪ̰ͺʹزô 
ָоǣסˣ᲻뿪
ûи߹ΪʲôΪȫһ 
ָоΣģů
ĺɻŶ
ӾվſŮȵıӰͤͤһɲ 
ǣеԼּӿˣҴһǰδеСգ 
վǷĲˡ
˼䣬ػعͷ
ȥˣһһˣǰ 
ץס뿪ˣĻŵĸоܲ
е¡ػ˾䣬׿סϸС֡
ߣƭˣˣصΪû 
ȥӣٺ٣
˵Ťس֣ЩΣ 
ȷʵˣûѿʱ̡
ʲôңʩ˷ңίͣһ 
ʩʲôŻֵķӦ
ʲôʱʩ
԰ȻΪʲôҵ촽һεģӿ 
ˣҲȵģʩķʲôµ˿Լ 
⻰жס
㡭ˣȴΪĻȸԾ 
ǲǴһںģиоģ
ΪŪԼĸоģȥ˺ܶط 
Щ鼮Ҳ˺ܶˣˣԭָоϲ 
ǲǰ֪ҲǣҲǡ
ԥˣһֻҲиôȥϲ 
ôΪԼѶͻΪͻȻֵСŮ 
˰̽ķûжҲֻһС 
Сɣ
ҲܣҪֵķΪʲô׵ʱ 
ûиоȻ˵ǣױܿ˰ɣ 
ٺ٣ָоŶ
ʲô̡ɴۣ治֪˵ÿɰ 
֪ˣ
㣡˵ţȻѵضı
˿εĻŪЩڣת
һĵǰСʹյǰôһţ 
Եˡ
⡢ⲻǰӲϹô
㡭֪ʲô𣿡ԥ£ʳڣϣ 
ģ¸ǣҪһ̽İС
ʲôǷ𣿿ǳҲôȴûôֵ 
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ҲΪϲǵû˵Ƿ޻మ֮ 
飬Ҳ˻ֻҪûа⣬ôΪʲôҪ
ʵħʵĸ֮£ѶЩƽ 
˸ŵ˽⣬ֻΪİռȥ˼֮֮ 
ߣĵˣȻҪ˼ڡ
һԺӣ̾˿ʲôʱԼҲ̾ˣ
֪𣿡ΪһƵƤƮ˿ֱ 
ֱĺͫ
Լ˼ûз쳣Ķֱֻ 
صͷ
ǡȥ˽ô룬ֻȥ˽ˣȻǸ 
ط̫ʹǣѾжˣǵˣ 
˰̶ҪźۼˣֻϡǵԼʹģ棬ȴ 
ǲеʹĽ֮ѣ޷һһ 

˽磿ڱ˷ܵûع˽Ү벻 
ʶ绹ȥ˽磿̫ˣҪҪȥ㣬 
ھͳɣ
һ˵ֻҪ 
ĵ£Ըȥ
𼱣պҽЩ顣ḧķ
գܲٿѽһＱ
ĿһͷסǺС 
һɰķӦҪ̽ø࣬࣬̽ 
󻬵СУŴ۶ǰʵķŴˣ 
ĸо
һſЦؿŵĴ۶
ָ֪оΪô˵գҲҲЩڣϾ 
һ飬һʱ鲻ԽȴСˡ
صͷ
Ǿ͵ա
û˵ʲôֻһζضıʶصͷ 

㷴ӦɵЦˡ
һЦɲˣշġԡסһҧס 
ҧţǣڳʲôζ
ε§ֵסɬĳײʼԭʼǡ
һߡԡһ룬Ĵ֪ʲôħԡ˶ 
ǴѵضûһŮӵɬ뵽ʲôʲ 
ôҲģϣԶֱӣҪ 
ŮһڣԼͺá
飬ûԤ֪еˣһҲȲһԼ 
İ飬еˣȴڰ֮ʱȫû׼ͻϮ 
еһ籩ֻ꣬һʱģӰȴһġ






ھʮ  Ե

ĺС̫ûˣͻȥô 
ˣ
ŴϢȺһŮ°͸̾߻ 
һӣӵò˵ϿǷȴһڶ 
ϵǿʣ˲ҪĤݣǷȻȴȴ 
ҿֺ
÷ûģ࿴Ǿģ 
һֻѣȴԷʵò
Ĳ˻ûĺóأҺĲˣգ 
Ͱ͵Ĵ۾һӡ
ͷΪҴòĿĲˣٿ 
εŵˮЦȷʵСһԹĲˣ˼ 
ʹõľ¥ҲˣˣǣΪλ˿ 
ģϲԼĳգ
߰ɣ˵ţվ֮ʱؿС 
һӵĲϧӣ˼ȷʵζһǮ 
ļȣСһ̣ǡǺǣ
߿߿ҼҴҪ߿һĴ 
ɷ·Եڣмóһһٽδҡڵʻ· 
룬ھû˸ҳһڴش׵Ƚӹȥ
ڴ󺺸·ʱ㱻ȫط̲ 
Ȼˣ̫ɶˣùЩģ 
ЩǵŭеûڼЩʱӹһ˿ 
â̹ǣҪȥʱסײ֪ 
˵Щʲôŭ¶һĨļЦ
𣿺ãҾн޳ٺ٣
ʹĸǽϣĨ޷ۿӰ
ҪȥŷʹĶòóԣȥѵЩ˺ò 
ã۷ضдŵ̫๬Ů
εЦЦСԴǺðɣԹ˾͹Ȼ 
ȥ㡣
֪֪ˣôǰûŸʵ£õ 
֣Ҵǰʧ
뿪˲䣬ϵЦҲ˲ţתǷ·ǧ 
⣬ޱؿĳҲʧԭء
һľͤ˵°͵һĻ
һòŮһֻ˺ҧţ͵ξ 
ճС°ϣͺģһģż˱𻨲 
ڡǳǡŻˣ
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ЩԶҲԣΪǰ÷Ūģ 
ȻԱһζɰ
󵨣ڴˣͻȻһֵĳԷ 
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ɲ£ߣԣ
ǱתŮǸҲ̶áģסˣ㶵ؿ 
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ķӦŭ
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ֻŲҧһļȵСʵģֻ㣬˫ 
峺ȴһСʯͷͶĺȦȦ
ô죿յضԼץס֣֮ǰӦ˼ 
ʹ÷ģҲܱ෢֣ڲ÷ôĪ 
ˣСǽʳ˳طԶ 
֪Ͳˣ֪ԼͲҪС¶͵ˣ
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ǿɰģĲ
аˣԼ޿˵壬һСѾͷ 
Ȥ
ţȴԾطˣû֮ң
Է֮ڣ±𣿡ӣƺ֪ 
˭ѽ
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žһȿ
һθеЦؿѾͷ޼ɵؿмȵģ 
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ɷ˭˲ȷƫƫⲻ֪ߵغŮ˲ 
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ţζҲãƽĴţӦ
֪֪ʳ˭ԵģʣаϹһĨ 
ħ΢Ц
ʹ£˸ۣһ㱿ı飬Ҫ 

ʹˣΪ˶ܳĶ𣿡ЩΣ 
ˣĲ
ǻʵ۰ɣѽ÷ڳԶûôæ 
أ˵ˣ͵صһۣ淳£Ŀӹȫӱ 
ɨòĲˣһЦţˣ
ĻþҪȻĨЦݣ 
£߳ҲԾ˻ȥŮӣԼ 
ˣŮûһŮ˿Լô 
飬ĴŷǸ󣬲ǹŮ˭ҲҪΪ 
Ůˣ
ǰץס֮ʣȻǰһ͵صȥ
úóŶǻûĲ˺óԡһ 
ˣĵرǰץסֱ۵
ķӦԭ򿴵ԱЦõ 
СԴʲôҲʡ
Ǿ߰ɣ˵ţСʧԭء
ŵֻͤʣҹº͵ķһӵĺɻΪǵµ 
ƽҡҷš






ھʮ  ÷

ڸʲôϣһŮüͷɻ 
ŵµһŮ
΢΢ɨһ۵˽С£Ŀת 
Ůϣţ˳
Ҫ˽ɤ˿˿Ŀ
˽ʲôع׵һ̶ 
ĺ
˽˶٣̶סĿһమ 
Ϊ˶ԷһУκ˵ķһĺ 
Ӵ˹ֻб˴˵
మˣ
кȻ˵ġоԾ
ǰǡ
׵ġĻָоҪԼѰң޷˵ 
ʵϣԼҲ
ŶԺӦƺܼŮ 
¹
Ϊ֤ȻģΨһֻ㣬 
ֻһˣһӣ벻Υú 
ᶨһԵŮ棬ԡ
Ȼʧ
ʱֵؿǣ⡣
ǸŮӺܺأԸΪȥ 
ǰΪʲô˵ĲһƺЩһġ 
˵ҪԶһԶ뿪˵ֻҪһ
ǡ
Ȼתһֱû뿪ţĬ 
ĬضţɲǼ䣬ƺеĸо̳ 
Ũҡ
ݻŮΣ÷续һɽˮҵ 
٣ֲ̼ϣٹԸ羰֮ضӣ 
ҲʳΪС֮ңޣʵ˼á
÷֮ˮ֮峺֮״棬ټԹϵ÷ 
÷ꡢ߽ݣصţʶ 
īڴʫԣ̸ۡҲʹԻ²Ӷ
˿̣ڶ໨һҲô۵СϣòŮ 
ڻ֮϶ƺһΪ˷ܡ
ЩܲܳԵѽöŶգ 
ڴؿǰӡ
ܳԣæĵҪ÷ǵ 
ӿסЦɲôԣҪҲҪ 
ģȻǺģƹ÷źóԡ
Ŷ׹һɻˣɵؿ
ô֪ЩģЩ˽İɣѵǰҲ 
𣿿϶ǣȻô֪ô࣬󻹺Ϥһ 
ֹţûע⵽΢ɫ
ûĳĬϰˣתҪȥȻоƺ 
ڿǵ̫ˣ벻ע⵽ѡ
̧ȥֻһ÷Ļǵķʻ 
Ϊ׵ôԽԽأаԵŲɺӵ 
¶־µϡڼס˼ӵȤ 
ҡҡͷˣҲ벻ȥ 
ʢŵĵģɺóأ
Ůˣּˣδ߽ȥԶԶͿСѾͷĺ 
ϲؽסתĶ
ŮˣȻԶԶҲҲҹʧȻ 
һδйʧϯ΢Ѳˣⲻ 
ԵʲôŹģʧ˻治ô 
ץݺݽѵһ٣Һ
ϤаļѽأΪʲô 

ֹס˽Ųôɵضԭ˼С°Ϳյ 

ڴԼ˼عҲע⵽ 
ʻĻǸΪ׵˽סĻõ 
üͷ
ҹŪĺ֮ûдҲһʱ 
ûϳ
ߵڿ˼Ůԣһѽק˽ȥ
⵽ϻһӵĴڣһֱע 
ĺ΢۾ǱϵҲȥ˶˵Ӱ
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³ذûô³ġ
˭ڶһ˵ھͺˣԼôô 
ؿǹɬʲô
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ճڣʹһʵɤ
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ף̲סߵǰҪ𣬱һֻץ˻ 
ȥ
Ѹڴڲһ磬Щŭذѹľϣ 
˵Ż˵Ǿϲ۾ɵôģһգգؿ 
ŭ
ȻˣҮ
ϲԽ뵽ƽʱôºѾܲˣδ 
ӣػȼգڣƽȻģ 
ͥţɵЦ
ЦʲôһϲģһѵΪ 
Ӳ˸ôһ뵽ܣ;Լɱˣ 
粻໥ţȴ̲ס涨ˡ
ҮЦеָ
ԼһʱΪĻᡣԼô 

ϣвʡ
оֵֹģΪʲôϾһа 
ɣôأ
˵ĺԽûпˣɻǻţղŷ 
˵ԼҲȷʵˣһӣô 
ͲأȻῴǾԱ˵Ż
㡢˷ĺԱߵоոճ 
һĵģŲŲеӣָ
԰ĺ£һ̲סͰĵĸԵˡ
⸱εڳһֻŤ 
ͼתעȥòãЩͲҪˡ
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ûüµĺ춹⣬ƺܲĵӡ
Ŀתĺ»ɵϣصǸһ 
ЭҪΪ˲෢ǣǾԲǸ˿ 
û취ѾǸ෢ڹĺۼټСһ 
һĲ鲻Ըģˡ
΢΢һ˻ĺ棬ҿ 
ֻ߽ȥӭĺµһʱ䣬ʯž 
ոͣ
ûע⵽ЩͳߣԳ˵ 

˭ѽһһģʵ





ھʮ  ʳջ

˭ѽһһģʵ
ĺ¸ձǹĪϲһ仰ȴŭؾ 
ҪץһӰһǸʼһ 
ĮֵģѰȵϡ
ˣĺۣǸڱ˻ԵСŮˣ 
һš
оһаسЦЦʵŮˣһҹ 
ӺÿɰЩ˼ҹ롣
˻һһ̹ǵĺ⳯ȥҲѸٽ˱ 
о¶Ƚ
һҹ˵ã⻰һףݺݴȷ 
ĺµЦݸЩû뵽СŮôúŪ 
ǣ̫ɰˣ
оԼϵ𶯣ŤͷȻĿ 
ʵû°ɣ
Ƽǵ΢΢侲룬û˽磬 
һֱһôʶأԼһʱʻɱ 

ǵľٶһԵĺ²ûǸ 
ʲôˣ
ɭĿɨĶͷ΢΢Ӧ£ԭ˼ĵ 
ϵı̫֮֮λҲ˲ࡣ
ʹȻҹһȥһ˻ʹˣ 
ʩŪεӾ벻Ǻǣʹȥ 
֮գȴڲסһʡ
ҹͤ飬ýΪ֤ϷӰ٣ 
ҹҹ˼ĺһɵСŮˣЦÿ
˵ǡңָԼıʡ
ҵŮΣһаĻȡ
ʲôŮˣԵʵ汦
̲סˣСһʱǲ֪˵ 
滹ǳٶۣݺһҪ̽ȥСӸص 
΢ۿ
ӴײӼӲؼϣյػعͷ
֪ΪҵŮ𣿡֮Сĺ² 
ؿתעֻĨЦôô⡣
˵û˵ͱסСԴתȵ
ԺҸ㡣սĶԵ֪Ȼ 
ˣȵĺߣû˵ʲôֻǴصͷ 

ˣǷ衭ĺҪŭ֮ʱһ΢ԥ 
ͻȻ⴫üͷתۿ֪˺ 
¶˺ε˶ģʮˣϱһ 
ζĪظеЩڸ꣬Ů˵׸ʲôƣ
ϵСģоһһĨаЦ벻 
óԵζģôôջСñš
仰̾ε˼롣
룡ԳûʲôҲûϵԴӳЩ 
֮ƺͶʳŨȤԱζŶ
ҪȥһˣĶɳƵµһˣЩ 
ڻʹԵļȲ֪ʤ٣Ҫȥ𣿡ĺ˵ 
Ͽңջ
Ŷԭڻʹˣѹأ
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壬ӻ֣߿˿ɲǵģʱ 
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Ѱ֮Դĺ΢΢һЦߵԱС־ͳߡ
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СظĦţһֱֻ뵽Եûע⵽ϸڣ 
ע⵽ˣҷǳˬ
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˺ӵĽɫֻҪϸ۾ͻ᲻ηУ 
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ڿʲôԷˣƵؿ˶ӵ 
Ŀ⣬ôˣԷ˳Ƶġ
ͷµСһ޹Сǻ˻ 
֪Դ˽ôˣһֱѧʲôЩӦ֪Ķ 
ôûЧ
һ§ֱӷɽԺԶԶؿһɫıӰͷһ 
¯֮УŪʲô
ռʵĴ֣ȲߵǸɫӰ 
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һͲӨ͸ϳŽɫĿ⣬֭ 
̵ȻǸոտ걻ȥģ֭뾧Өںһ 
ǻɫʳ
ȥ˿ҲûһֱۣӸˣ۾Ҳؿ 
ġ
ЩôĺòãҪѧ 
û˳Ҫ
ȥԾûиƺû˿ֻͣ 
˼
ûǿԳˣĻ᲻ό˰Ҫ 
ɣ˷ѵ˵ҧź۵ĴضͲĿ 
׷
ȥƺǿʼͷˣһЩ
ι㣭




ھʮ  

ȥƺǿʼͷˣһЩ
ι㣭
ƢôѽɱŻҵŮˡһа 
ɤõƳһۡ
Ůˣ⻰ΪİƺĸȤ 
߹ƤɨԱһѵؿͲŮˡ㶣Ƭ̹ 
ʧƿĿ⣬۹Ҳô
Ҫϲĺ˵΢á
˵ʲôѽ˦ĪЩԻ۷ֱ 
ζƮͲһߵյؿǸνСһ 
ǣΪ˳ԵİԼ˶֪Ҫӿɳ 
ˣ
ˡϵͲһһŵԱߵʯϡ
һȥ־ӿʼţע⵽ɢ 
ɫâæһǰݸһ˫磬ڵĵ 
ʹ
ǰĿ磬һͷǸؿ
ôģŲ;ߴֵؿ 
п磬ѵ뵽⣬üͷǸóԵŮˣ 
ߵǸϰ̰ԵԲֲ; 

ǺǡЦԼԭλϣϸĵ 
ΪҪһЩǵͲĺºҲֱ 
ǣ
Ϊƽʱֻһסֻһѣֻʯʣ 
ҲԼˣվŵûз֮ 
ӿֻҪгԵģվк
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أŽߵĿȻȥȻתչ 
һĨЦ֮ӶԱӲһ磬ŵƿӣû 
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˻ЦûųǸ˵ǣʱɱ˵ĳ嶯 
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㣬ӵؿǸӴϵŮˣǲ֪߳ 
ʹǷҲӦǰ֪߳ܵľٶ
԰ɣûɫһ㣬ʵϱ 
һֱǶģûбˣԴֻ֮ˡ
һڼŽ֭ķݵߣ 
ؿ㶵ſС죬ǿϵķ˽ȥ
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Ȳصһڡ
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ԵýζͺãҲûгԡ
ˣеͲķǱģ
ôˣͲ˵ؿĪ 
ǹһ
㡢ŮˣָǿտյͲʵ
ʲô˼صһۣչС˽ 
˿˲ͣʱҲģûʲôϵ 
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ָָͲָָйҡҡͷˡ
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ţĵصͷ
ǣԺ춼ܳԵܶˣóԡ 
оһ
룭
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ǸʵĶӣȻϣȥЩߵ 
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ιΪʲôҪģԼѧ𣿡õ۶
ߣҲκˣİɣһ䣬ת˿
ʲôҶԴӦ㣬ҰɽҰɣĵ 
ǰš
㣭˫峺Ȼĵ׶ 
ǰŮȻһ㣬ȴһ˫· 
һеӣʲôﶼܵõЩ 
Ī
ҰɣҪʲôҶĻĵ׵
ûʲô롭Ȼ˶٣ı⣬˵ 
Ҫأ


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ã
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Ϊٵ侲ǰʧӰ١
ԣ룬ȷʵЩΣǣҧҧ´ 
ҡҡͷĶζһ
ᣬĺҲŭˡ
֪ôطӦôȥʹڻʹģ
ǵΣЩ͵ʵ
ã




ھʮ  

ӵԺĵ״˱ 
롣
ͬӡ˳ɶӵȴòֺճ˵ֻһ䱾 
﷿ӣȻظסһ䣬õĺ¾ͽҪ 
ཨһ䣬νȴŭˣϲռ˱ 
˵ˣºòиͬһҪʱ 
֪Ҫ֪ĶԣֻǼ½ӣҲ 
Ǵͬסһ䷿ˡ
Ҳ֪ԼƵʲô֮춼 
˵ĺֻǺ޺޵ؿԺʱţŪƲ 
ѣһǰÿûΣŮǻˮߣ
ѧϰ˵ͬʱҲһѧһЩֵʫĺҽ 
ġ׵֪ʶദԽ࣬ԼԽݣֻһ 
࣬Ȼô࣬漰棬ǣͬʱҲζ 
ҲδֹദҪԭĳ֣ȻǸ⣬ 
ȷʵЧ
ԭ˵ǳҲƭġʹ˵ 
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ĳ谮Ȼ簮绪һΨȴȽ޵ĵ 
Ķռ
ԭʶֻôڣǿıɡ 
άԼ
ԭԵİһֶ˰ܰİ飬 
룬Ӧ֪ˡ
תΪ׼ӣʹκη 
ԸͬƽһΪϴͷ˿ڽɫ 
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ǹ⡣
翴ģ̽ظʲôǰ飬Զ 
ȥʹֻͣһ˲䡣

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ģ̰ģʹҪ࣬࡭
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ջ󣬺οֻ࿴ǿüģ 
ͬͬ˯꣬ȴδԽ׳صľٶֻ 
ǣʱоԼҲҪȵ׿˵ 
Ը޸һ졣





ھʮ  Ҹ粣

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Ӧˡ
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Ŀϯڵأлдʣɫǳ¾ɲѡ
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ЩҪΪ񼶵ϵʿһֻ 
ССϡ
Ϊ˵ĴĽ⣬˲֪淢 
顣
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߸˽мգþ˰취ȴûܸӦϢ 
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
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ҪĶҪʧȥˣɷ֤࣬Լ׵Ů 
˵һĶ
᲻ҪҪ
ҪҲǻİɣģϾĻ 


һձ߻ͣ·һԴԴϵСϪ峺͸ 
䵽ĬĬسί
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˼𣿺ÿģĺÿģںܺ± 
Ϊʵе˵ڱһռˣҪĿԴ 

ΪҪϲϴģԽ촫ǧŶǲҪ 
˵͵





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˳̧ͷŭڵĿ
һѣصʵУѾһһҹ
۵ذӵԲ𡣡
û˵ţ磬֪ 
Ĳ֪
粽غţһֱ˵죬ʢա
ӵɫ԰׵ʱ²ʵ޺ת˹ 
ȥʱֻһݣؿ 
ߡ
ڸЦţ۾ȴעŵ·һУǽ 
󣬴˶ڿǣôɫĺ⣬ֻ 
ǸŮӣ̲סˣȴʺ 
λãӵǿԡ¹һҪȢģΡ 
Ƶ
ĺСͨڣŮԶԼ 
ͬͣ˶Ŵ
ĺѹ֮Ϻ⣬ 
һӣХף 
һưȻ
Х߽ĿȴһѾεʢһ 
ͬһȥ
Ȼ§Ůʱеռ 
ͬʱĲʡ
ԼλºĿֺ뿪СŮˣֻŭ 
񾯸ǼļһԴһαǿ֮; 
ϯˣ첻ԼŲһ
ΪֻһССʿСֻܴŨҵİ濴԰׵ 
ɫ۲ѡֻǶ̶ʮû㲡
ħʵһͨŮſȥ 
аȵаǵŮģħʸ
΢΢£ͷ
Ũü΢壬Ծ
ɵͬʱǸˣɲǼ䣬˫ͬŻ 
Ӷӣȼյŭ
һΪ޸ԼŮǵؿڱ˵Ļȴ 
̧ͷһۡ
һΪ뵽ԼŮΪ˶ţﲻ 
ټ֮ǰ˵ħʽЩĸı䣬ɵý 
ɵĿ
ħһسһĨʤЦݣ־ڱصã 
ڷŭͬʱһĲɵ§˻˶
еĻʱ

һԡŲ׽˶ű߽ڣ 
ʱƺ˲䱾ֵĴȴ˼֣һڵڵĹâ 
ҫҫ۶Ŀ
ʱޣ壬ˣ 
ˡ
ô죬ҪԼӡ
ܡ
Բϵһᣬ˵㣬ܿևޣ





һһ  ʢ

ҪԱˣʢҲ֮ʼ
λð޵ŮŤ壬ͼڳ 
Щǵע⣬ȻЩӵĿƺͬһ򣬿ϧ 
ǡ
ʢˣ֮ʣֵƺʱ
ħʺȻһĨĪЦݣǸ 
˶λվ
ͻȻվľٶڴڶӰ൱ͻأ 
עĿҲֻһӰĬĬصͷȾƣǾһ 
ֱû̧ͷκ˵ȻҲûŵˣ 
ˡ
ۣ𼴽ӭȢħ󣬻ڶպ󡣡
һԾ
˭֪ħͣħʾμʢգħʶ 
ֻǰһħΪ򸾣ȴһ 
Ϊǿħ壬ǸһȴȻħ磬ٵͼ 
֮ʱͳʱֹħؽҲû 
ħϵˡ
գħʾȻ£Ǻͼ
뵽ˣһ˴źɵĿתħʡ
Ҳ㶣漴ЦʣŶ֪˭ˣĸȤ 
һȦ
ħаЦЦĿתתüͷ£ 
ħȻǣ
ʣҲպӭȢδ󡣡͵Ҳվ 
Ļ˶ı
ħʶţԽԽˣһҪЩһҪ 

ħһܿתΪ磬Ц㿴
Ǻǣû뵽Ϊ뷨һ£ģΪΪ㰲 
¹Ļµġһţżթ
Աɬؿŵһĵ 

ǺǣʣһֱŪ˰ɣ˵һֱʲô 
£ʲôҴû˵Ŀⶼмڸ 
һԲŵؿŮˡ
ŭˣû뵽ΪǸŮȻ 
ԭΪԳǵˮɣȴ͹ǸŮ 
еĵλ
ʣļǴˣе񶼿֤Ѿ 
̸꣬ۼ֮ʱǷˣ۶ 
ۣƺһҲŭߣǸŮҲҪ룡

ںȾƵ̧ͷȻ￴һɪŵϤ 
ӰϲľƱҲˡ
Ȼ뵽һ̸ֱ۵£ڣħ
ܲأ𼴽ӭȢħҲ֪ǳ񣿡 
ħһߣǸһֱ¶ŵŮˡ
ԣʶ§˻ˡ
﻽ȷֻһ֪Ƿ񣿡۲ 
Ϊ󡱡ºðˣֻҪǸŮ˲Ϳ԰ 
ˡ
ǱޣѰʽΪޡͻȻһȴ 
Ȫɤ˼˵ۣɫӰ
˴ˡ
⡢⡢ֻô£
ܻҲһأҺõأ 

˶ݺһֹסᣬǰ첻 

üŶ
µؿϷԵһĻºˣʲ 
ôأ
һվڵСֻϵĿ׸Щ
Сɷ˭ɣħаȵƳ۲ 
ӿˣض
ƺ˼֮ãе̧ͷἣѱɣĿ 
ŵ䵽ħǱʵŵ 
ŵԼĶá
ҡӰ˰Ҫ޵ǣħʡ
Ȼ

Ȼš
ܣŭغ
ŵؿƽ˵ʲôղ˵ʲô 
ǲǲŷֿˣˡ
еּϢʹ
ħأǰգӦɻؼʶзͥ 
ҵԸͬһȥ𣿡ħЦų֡
ǰһ˫޳Ĵſջس
û·ˣѾûѡˡ
ر˱ۣذԼֵݵϣŬ 
ԼԱʹĿ⡣
ǻӦģǶԼµ䡣
ֽӴħʵɲǣѸԾ
ҵģݺݵץļŭֶ 
õˣҵģǱ룡
ػôãôá
ΪεòİȲһʶûõˣ
İôô
ǾͿ˭ܵõˣħʺѪһУǰһ 
ѳ֣һߡ
ͬʱʹص
ħͬʱſ֣ʹҪڵϣʱ§ס 

ճյض
ħʴ˿ţ˲ľ󣬴Ҳ 
ųȥۿⳡѵһġ߲ս
Ϊʲô˵ĵط
״űһѲӰ
е˴󾪣ֹͣڣϧûǵӰ 

ʱһͬ˽磬ױ뵽Ψһ뵽 
˽ˣϤĵط
һרעֽдʲôżճյذŪһԱߵĳ 
߻ͷǿֵڵĺٵͷд顣
ȻǸӦ֣õ̧ͷƺܲ˴ 
Ĺ˼˼·
ǣ־ϲؿ⡰͡˵ļ 

ǺǣּˡѾ䵽ƽģЦų˸к
ּˡճյ᲻ƿֺһ 
߾ԶˣѾˣˡ
㿪ҵĿ⣬һЦ
㲻дˣˣһɳȥѾû 
Ϣɣδȵһϰߣĺ¡
ڿԺʱȻֹĺգգ۾Щ 
š
дʲô߹ȥղſôרע
æֽסȴʶһɨʱоʲô 
ۿЩȡ
૵ת
һ죬˽һ꣬д꣬ÿһ 
ӣжٸҹء
㣡һα뿪ĺº޺޵ǰץסȴ 
һ㱻˿ӰһѾʧǰ
ĺ¸һԻҵԺĸѰţ 
Ǽ䱾סķҵǡ
һվڷſڵˣһŭ֡ءغ 
ţ˹⡣
յķȻʧ̧Ҫãַ
ȥˡǵó԰ó 
ĥĲףĻϲܵȥʵû 
дЩˣ̫ˣ
æµϲõӰ
⣬Բȥĺһȴͬʱһ˿⡣
ЩжûƱƱ





һ  Թ

˼
ѪŸɺԵأһƬѣĿĳ졣ҽڶ 
䲻֮䣬ʤߣΪ
һһ£ʬѻɽ״ĿģȴΪǵ 
´ҲܺˣҲֻһ֣
Զ
οһħĴսڤ磬Ľ綼 
ҵսС
ħǴذֺ飬Ĵ 
Сţ˿̵СѲǰǸкһ˫峺 
ﷺɺѪ˿һĵҪõĵˣĺָ 
ԼľӣһһŵСȥһһȴӲ 
ϸ۲ս״䵱˾ʦаԶţë 
ʹⳡս֮ãԾǿ֧š
Ϊλ㣿
ۻҵĻսͣЪֺǰţѪͬ 
Ļ䣬ء
ò״Ӧ޸ħʣΪǻҪˣ


ʹ
ǼΪĽ޺ῴǳ 
һƬս˺û˭ʹЩҲֻ 
ֻӮ˲лһ
ƯڰеĽ޵ҵ˶ֺ
ѪعԸ߶ȷḻӪ˿ģͣЪ
ǶɱۣΧ޹Ҳ 

ѪȾأԩǻȥ
ͻȻһļ⻮գɫͷѤ
ƺʲô࣬е˶ͣ̾ľ 
ԶԶģһڵ㽥ƽֱȫǰ

һߡ
ħʣ˿̵ĳ֣ʹǲԼͬ 
ü
Żҵأ۱ڰеŮӣ̾˿ 

δ֮ħʣ֮˼ĺ£ 
ΪŰ콫ְȨɱ¾£ԩ 
֮Ѵ綨µĹأǿ֪Ҫܺδһ 
ٳǶϵһһƳǡ
ں¡
ĴҪǡ
еһнһŮӶ֮Դ֮ 
ĮȻؿ
Ÿͬʱһ
ǽֻأ֮֮࣬ 
֮У˭ҲòֽԶ޷ϡֱ֮ 
λԳ֮ѪծıһὫĳط 
һ֮ʱʼɡ

ʲô
ֽ𣬽𡭡
ľظ⼸֣һת
ĬĬЩʲôŸһŮͬʱʧԭأ 
ʼǵĿ֮á
ʧǰһ̣ͻȻɢһǿҵĽ⣬ɴ 
Ÿʧ֮Ծճյԭ 
ĵط
״㣬ü滺漴ҡҡͷ̾ 
ԼʹȻˣֻؾˣһת 
ĵطȴ⿪ֻ֮ࡣʱȻط磬 
ԴǸؿŴֻϧ߲ϣȻûע 
ǻǸ
뿪ˣԭضѻɽʬҲʧˡ
еһлָƽȻĽȴ޷ƽˡ
һѱҴţ֪ǵĽȻҲ 
ǸŮ˵ġ
֪ʱҲԼ˼ס˵Ůˡ
ĻҲѣСڳȥʱû뾹 
˲ϰߣϰһİʹῴǸ 
ҲðֻҪڡ
ʲô취أ
͵أһ뷨ܹԺС˾ģӴ˱ǰ̿
ֻ꣬Ҫٸͺá
ֻҪͿȥˡ

ֻأ֮࡭
֮֮У˭ҲòֽԶ 
ϡ
ֱ֮λԳ֮Ѫծ
Ǻǣԭˣԭˡ
볺࣬Ϊǳ֪ǰĻսమ 
ȴԶ޷ϣǻԽ𡭡
ļȫӿУ
һټǧ֮ʱɽկֵ°ȥ 
ףΪһհյȡҪӳ 
֮ʸ׽͸˸µһ̣ܼΪȥ֮ 
ǧټ죬ŭ֮µĸɱ
һͶ̥Ϊҹʵı̬ӱܣĸ 
ߣû뵽ǣĸĸʶİΪ̬ӣû 
ϵڹӣĥ޶ɱ 

һתΪֵһŮʿΪԴףΪЩ 
͵͵ܳȥһĸֵͬܣԸֻ 
ȴг޵ƻˣǽץߣܵ 
˻ںĿнһеĵûԼ 
ڡ
һ

ԭеһģҲûܹһ 
һ˵ÿһ
ԭԭˡ
ǵǰİ׹ٴδǰʱ۾
ΧЩһһ㲽Ÿߴ 
ȥ
һһôǲҲᱻɱ
ν
ֻһʱÿգտʲôҲװ¡
ȴʲô治ϵػ죬ظɱ 

磶ôˣҹ޳嵽ǰֹסӵС
̧ͯͷСָĳ 
Ϊʲôǰô࣬ΪʲôҪƽضԴǡ
ǣǵãûһеġ
ĳԶɱԶ᲻˺ֺ
ǰԹΣ㲻ˣֻҵĳӦ˵һ 
ֱҵʤԼ
ǻһģһһ𡭡˽Ļмᶨص 
֪ǶĳŵǶԼĳŵ
ȵһʹ׵ذ˹ȥҹ 
Ϊδָǰ޷ֻܷŭضǸӵз 

̧ͯͷ磬ԲҰ 
Ҫһ𡣡
Уʱŭʹδ 
Щһˣܡı壬ɱ˻ʹ 
ɢģԣ𣡾ȻĽ־Ҫ 
ɢ
ʱ䵽ˡͻȻһŲϵǶУ 
ŭˡ
ƭң㾹Ȼƭңš
ԣεشͷ̫ҿ֣Ҳϣ 
ģֻǣĺƽΨսᡣ
ֻʣһˣħ˼Ѫɱ¾ٴγ 
ħͿ̿ħ޷ĵ·ǣɱ¾ 
ӴʹٴλصħɻʣҲ޷ǰ 
˾ҲĥһϢԸΪô 
Ŀעʧģĺ 
ԲΪʱֻԩľδ㵽 
Щ꾹ˣҪչڻ𡭡
ʲô
īīħˡ
԰ħʣǣԲģԲ
ǲ볺һôԭעĽ֡
ѾǷī̫ˣٿǷˡ
Ҹߡķ
ԣ㲻ô󾪣æ׷ 
ϧԶԶ׻Ժ󣬲˽磬Ǳ 
ʹ˻ʧȥΨһµĹ¶ǡ






һ  Թս

ˣһ
ʮּȼţƺƱҪϵѿԭģ 
һ㣬ȼš
ڹۿţû˸˵һ仰Ҵ 
˵ˣΪ˭ǸһҲɱ¾ħ 
ǵĻʵ۶ˣûйô̵Ѫȶħ˾ɱ 
۸ջǹٻ¡
Ӿڳ֮£·ǹҪüϵǱĳª 
ʾһ㡣
֮ϣ˿һ˫Ѫͫħ 
ʾһЦϵ˵ģ
ʱϵĻˣ˳ƽϷӡķָ 
һԿţš
ԭ˿Կ㣬á˾૵ؿǰ 
УһϮɴȹ´ƮɣŮе 
ĨƽΪΣʹҲΪ
ɴһӣ˾ϵ£ۿҪȥͯ磳 
ӣ䵽Լǰ
㲣Ӧ˵Ǳ
ҵĳס˰һֱϲ׵øۻ࣬ 
ؤϴСС˺۸Ŀ

ͻȻһԵһ㣬תտ͵Ϯ˱ 
䵽ĻС
˵һ仰ˡ
̧ͷһۣĴΪʲôԼ 
Σ
ǣǿȵرס°ֱͣӣɭѪ 
ͫ
ҵôһīعаĴǣһ 
ϣյúܽܽҪġ 
ʲôԭ򣬼ȻһôԶңԶģҡҲ 
ѵĻᡭ
ΣԵɤԶഫȴһջ 
̲ס˸
ǺǡоĲīЦſ񣬡ôһ֪ 
ҵ³
֮䣬ɨѱǸطͯ磿־صɴ۾ 
ҡȵ֣ȴֻҡͷʾᣬֻҪһ 
ֻĽ

Ȼѻָ˷аѾħԶ 

Ǹǹ˵³ī 
³Щ˾ġ
Ծץ˳䡣
أʵ۾ȻҲФ㣬СҪҪ 
ӣаЦʵŨء
ҧ´԰
ңңиõķͷأŲţأа 
ҧ˿СңŶĩˣּ˾ 

˫ۡ
ҪܾΪʲôֱӸʲôô 
ҪôЩǻȥԩô죿һֱ 

Ѫ
ԩ
ǰ·һƬѪȾĳɫأĶĿ׳ 
ҡ
ǰİۻ࣬ѻʬ壬ȳѪҺצԩꡭ 

ࡣ
ª
ࡣ
ɾ
Ǻǣ֪ôˡ
ҪĽֻһֻǷͬѡ
ѹҪֹѹ֡
Цˡ
ڼīĻЦˡ
ܲõЦݡ
ȴĻŵ
ʹ
ؼԪؾȻɵ壬ô嵱 
Ȼܾһеңϴе壬ϴȥϴȥ 
һаѪҺ
Цᶼˡ
ҵ
Ц㲻Цˣīݺݵŭ
ȴҲֹס
īΪʲôÿһΣĴȴܾԼǷ㣿Ϊ 
ʲôÿһΣҪ¾ĽĻôۣ˵Ϊʲôͯ 
ħȵĿգ
īץס֣仰ϲ޷
㣡ңԵϲõ
һң㣿Եһᣬ̧ 
ͷ϶صԴǰҲİأǡ
ϧ̫ˣֵ̫ԼȻ԰ˣһֱΪ 
ֻ˳ԭ˸
˵ģĺѲ⡣
ûпǣ㰮ңǰҵģҵģīذӵ 
һȫˡ
Цſˡ
ģΪʲôôʹء
Ѫ
һΣһε䵽档
ī㿴ںòã̧ͷضЦţ 
ûмЦݣ÷·¼ˣȴ 
ˮЦ
īЩǽ§ɿֺ
īߴرһۣһɣ˳ȥ 

Ϊ̨Ϊ鶯ӯƮڰУˮ 
ɴȹ֮Ϊˣ˿ߺ飬Ĩ΢Цޣ 
Ĵ·Ϊһ̵ȥѤã 
ĿĲݡ
紵ƮƮ٣ֻ;
ɴ趯Σ裬
ת̧ȣ棬
Ļ涨֮ʱ
Σᡭ
ʹᣬֲԾˡ

ϧѾˡ
֪ʲôֻһְֻԼؿϣһ 
ɢ𽥱͸ܴ͸忴ľ
֣īĻŵҪǰץסȴһ 
Ĥ˻ȥ
㵽ʲôץļīҵغ
Цš
īԲ𡭡
Цſˡ
ᣬǺü͸ɫ
ѾʼɢˣһһС㣬Ϸ 

һһɢҲһһ͸š


ʲô
磶
С磣
С磣
á
ͬͻȻƿնʹ˻
ľսرǰҪץסȴ缴īһ˻ȥ 
ĵȥץЩ뿪С㣬ȴʲôҲץס
ˣˣǷ϶ȴ޼ƿʩֻܳճյ 
ЦݡЦˣôᣬþãþûмô 
ضЦˡ
ҹ޹·ޱעֻڲȥ 
޷ء
ʲôҲʲôҲˣֻܿһ㡢һش 
ǰʧһֱҲҵ
Цòֻͣô̵ʱΪΣΪβһЩ 
ǻʲôûüȥǵСľݰµĲݮûԹأ
ԯĺŭץţٱˣֻҪҪʧ 
ֻҪԶԶؿҲԣĵһֻԶ 
ҸԲʧ
͢еЩʲôѿǸطԽԽֱ 
ȫ˻һԶϲˡҲ
˾ڻܷӦܿ죬ʧԽ࣬ 
ǰеļҲٻظԼСҪԭһֱڱ 
·ֻҪԼͺãҪҲ 
ѵҲдҪʧ
ǵıʹīѾȫˡ
ǰļһӿϣÿָһּ䣬Ŀھһʹ֪ 
ȫʹľˣûκθоˣʧؿ͸塣
ֻأԶ޷ϣ 
ɱ
ɱɱ
ÿһעϵʹ࣬ôпᡣ
һҪɢˣҪʧˡ
īЦʱȻЦ
ˣһȺ˵ķӦ
ûˡ
ˡ
ʧˡ
ɢˡ
ǵǰ
ʹࡣ
սЩֹֻء
ͬʱҲࡣ
ʧȥ࣬ġ
ģʧȥģҲġ
һĻܺá
ͬʱԼλϮȥ͵رʲôˡ
ֻһˣʧʱһʹĬĬߵԱ 
ʲô
ǰȻҫһǿҵô۵Ľ⣬Ŀ۾
綼ˣɫĹâ硣
ۿʱֻһ欵ĽɫӰžҪʧ 
ȥɫֻʣʱԼĽЩɫ 
סˣǵɫӰҲ֮ʧ
ٿʲôҲûˡ
ŮʧˣҲʧˡ
Ľ֮壬ļһͬβ 
Ǻɫͷǽɫɫ۾Ҳǽɫɫ塣ֽ 
ϺֻһֻѣҲֽ𼸽֡
ɫΣǼҫҲʹ 

飬ħ඼õ塣˵УѪһ 
ʹ깦ħ񣬽㣬һᱻܣɱ 
ɢֻҪ½Ϳɲ֮硣 
֮⣬Ļ޲ǣֻҪ㻹һ㡣Ҿ˵Ҳ 
ƽԴԱΪ˵õֽƴһȴ 
ûгɹ
ʵ˲֪ǣֻнԼԸɢʹ 
ɲ֮Ϊ˵̰һֱݰֻһ 
α˶׽Ҳû 
ĽʵֻǴû˼ɣȻ 
Ͼǲ֮ˡ
ǴΣָ꣬½Ѱת
ÿһΪһĬĬؿŷϵı磬 
ۣȴӲֻ֣ܲʹԱߣš
վܲˣǻĳضߣʱ 
ữСѾߣףֻ·ʱ򲼵Ĳϰ壻 
ʱֻڿţʹˣȥοʹ
һֱš
ֱһ֪ԭĽ
һԼôرݣҺá
ϧٴ߼Ĭؿˣˡ
ȻһЩʱ䣬һ㣬پһ㡭
ԶôʵѿʼˣҲ׼ֻ 
ǿô졭
ǿ
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