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ǰһͬѧһӭʦλҡ
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࣡Ҳ㣬ְ˵ѧȥˣô?ʦϲͬѧ۸𣿡ŵҵ·Ҷ֪
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ʵͦϲ̵ģоУ۾䣬ֲҲĥǷĲʺ磬ˡ
ӣѧϰĺܺãÿεģ⿼ǰǰڲвµλôţҲǰҹ쳵ĺӣȻ˵Ŭһ¾ͺãôݺͳ谮ӽࡣԣǻرҲԼ谮ӣɣӽӣɡ





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ӣɵıӰԭôߴ󣬾ȻԵסҺͺԵߡǣҿʼˣӣɣϲӽ࣬ȴֲκ˺ӽ࡭ǺǣǸìܣֱŤĺأ
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ɫԽԽˣҪսپˣ̫ȥְֻʵģʵҸ³̻ᵣģڿ˯ǵһЦź˵һˣ쿪İɣֻЦŵͷãѾˣ
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һڸңԣӣɰ򣡲ӣɣǲһȭͷͨ˰˶Ҫ죬οӣɣҵĴڣΪ˲ӣˣߣΪ˱
ԣƿӣɣվԭλãӭһȭ֪ģվһ֣Ԥŵڶ𣿼Ȼ㲻ҽܺˣ
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ҵͷÿ˦ĸ첲ǰȭͻȻסе첲ģңô̵ʱͣŹ֣





Ҷ׵

ȻôŵģܾܾҾͽܺˡҴû˺˭ֻǣϣԴҰߣ˶ѡ
ҵҪ󣬲߰ɣ
ѵٺҪҵľһš
㣬ߣһֻ֣ǰҵĸ첲
룡ӣһ
Һߣ˳ӣɵıٺ
һܺǫ̃ףҿԺܿؼңκ˵ģҿԲѡǰⳡε־磻Ѿûʲôˣ죬ɣ
ӽ࣡ӣɳĺҵ֡
ӣɣܣϲϲңҶģ̾һûлͷı飬ٺ뿪
ҹѾˣԲôô찡Ѿĩļˣѹֶˡֻв֪Сɳ棬ȻΧ·Ʒ裬׹䡣Ϊʲô֪Ƿɶ˻ΣգвϧأΪΨһ˲𣿣
ôҵһֱһֱߣǰ߲·ʱ治ʲôҪʲôϵּˣоҪҹͷŰһҲ֨ǣĳĬһ·ĳĬ
ҵļңֱǸˣһ·ϣûߴ·ҲûʹңȴһֱҼҵķߡڣǸֵϤҲϤĵطͣˡ
˵ɣǣơ
˵ʲôһҽܣҲãҽٺ
֪֣ҿµĺӡЦ˵Զĵڶ죬Ҿ֪ˣǺı磡
̫ˣǸЦݣٺԳЦЦ
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ѵΪǸеģɱٺѾˣ
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ȻǾףըĿҡʱôͣҵͷ㿪סĿ⡣
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Σߵģ룬ӦûעҵıӰΪٺԼıУԼڵ϶ûз֣
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һǻĳţӣֻͣǣڲ֪УҲעĵطעʱ䣬ǼҳеˣѾڲˣΨһ̵ĳУΧĵطûеģ





ûհ

룬ʲôû䣬ֻҪԭԭͺˣ
ûˣеⰡȻ𡣿ǵڶ죬ҵͳһ̣ҳԾĿһ濴ӣɣȻ󵭵΢Цߵ׼ʱһὫܲãͬһƵӣɵǰĶ΢ЦȻ󣬰ĳ͡һԣ飬Դ꣬ԵζֽĵպУţ̿պС
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ûҲ磬Ϊԭ
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Īӽ಻Ҫ˰ɣӣУݿǱ㿴ϵģ
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ҲҪ˰ɣСı
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ѽ˵ӣУݵԱ˭Īӽһˣ
ңӣУݻĪӽͣ˵Цأ
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ҲòӣУݵķ˿ţĶŶ֪һȻⲻͼӴףʲôӣУݲһбĪӽʲôԶУ϶ȭҪǲʲôǶԲˣ
ôֻˣϣõˣ
ʮһżп𣿡Էһʱӣɡ
ʲô𣿡е飬̧ͷҡ
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ðɣпգһҴܵӡ
ok˵룬ֲ﹫԰ſ120΢Ц
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ϻؼʱǻῴ裬СĵĲСĽŽ࣬ࡣұһüģ˵ԶߣȻüͷƽ£ĵĳ˯
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СĵŶЩ̴ӳҡ
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ְ֣Ϊѡ񣡡֣űҹˡ
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λϹ˿ͣǱ¿ţŻݣҲҪʧᣡһصš
ԭʲôû䣡





ϲԭ

߽Уװ޸˲٣ԲһҿࡣˣˣԺ󣬳Ҳ̫Զˣô򳵡
ĺܶ࣬ҲΪװ޺һ쿪ҵҲΪлҲǴְɣ
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С㣬һ£һͷ
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㣿׼ˣأЦЦرһŶ
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ʱѾ˵ˣˣŶŵʱ̫ˣû취ֻˣɢȥأΪܺãҿʼԤˣ
ĺãյվ㳵ˣϰĸ߷ڣҾȻҵλˣ£һıɫٿ˹ȥǰ˼ġŬԼ飡
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һûסЦˣûرҺȹ̣ҴӴọ́ܣӣɡӣһ㶣Цҡҡͷӹ̡
ҸʣҺʲôأӣɵıܿɰ
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ӣɵ

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ôأ޲ޣǣẠ̊́ӣɱ׾ĺҡ
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ãããҵĴһԵ⣡ӣɳҵͷҲۣԱߵλϡ
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ӽ࣡ӣɰַհťϣͷҡ
հһˣ
ͻȻҴסˣôӣɣдĴůĸоʲôС󣬵һҵĴܵƿǡֻ֣סƿ֣߬һ
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ֹͣĿĻֻסˣͲ˰ɣҽյĻҪҪΪԤ˵꣬صװɡڰ棡





ʥڵ

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Ůѣ΢ЦŸϵ
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ᰡӣ΢Ц˵
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䲻䣿ʵڲ֪ôˣ
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Ƕˣһʹ
ϲҲ˵ţĴҵģ





ʣ

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ӵ֯ɫëΧģůůġ
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ָоҾĻͷʵĿײһˣȻû㣬ƿĿģΪֿǸ΢ЦˣһͷʱǰһϸһһСʳƷ
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ֽŮ

ڽҪʼѧˣԣҲҪ뿪ˣҶҪᣬǣҲû취£γҪ裬ְҪᣬû취ҵȻ岻ݴǵĽˣ
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ΪʲôأСʣصģ
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ӣɣֻǡӣиȱ㣬Ҫӻʲô˵ֻƴĲ£ʲôɲ£ҲҪŵף
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лл㣬˪
Եɺϣ߿ĿҼ˪ӰӣЦ۾ЦüëЦ͡ʱ룬ܺΪҲһ





콵֮Ҳ

߿ڹȥˣȵҲ죬ΪҲһɣڿԲôĶ飬дӵˣ
ӣɣѧǻһ𣡡Ҷõ΢Ц
ѾͷɵˣӣҲֹסЦЦҡ
ӣɣѧǾͿǣѧˣ֪ߣҺøˣ˵ûмӿ졣
ߣҲøˣӣɱסң°͵浽ҵļϡ
ӣɣĺð㣬ֻ֪ҪߣҲŻҸҴ˵ȫ綼֪
٣׿һУֻΪӣһ𣬺޲ʱʱ̿һ𣬺һ˵Цӣɻһ֣ǣǸ죬ҶʺҵȹЬƷ
ӣɷֿҾͻȥ꣬ЦԽת䣬Ϊû˼ʱΪȻÿ֪Ҳ˹԰԰ĳ͡
ۣʲô
ǶиСԱ߿ޡ
ôˣСܵܣӣʣһʹ
ҵ򣡡ָ֦ϵ򣬽ſޡ
ӣЦͷߵ֦棬ŹɹģǷϵҡҰڡֻҪССıһ¾ˣǣӣɲУǣЦ߹ȥסָ֣ƽüͷ
ң𣿡Ϣ
ˣӣɻشһݿܵ
彩˽һĻعӣйâǰƯһˡ
˧Сӳݵ˵֡
Ǹ򣬻ңָָ֣е
ãΪ»˧˦ߡ
к£ʹһϣϧƢȴħһζΧңס֣ϡ粻֪ﴵͷҵֲţҿԸõ߬ӡ
ȻˣҪץסץסˣһҲſһһƯת뿪ҵ֡
ֱıӰʧҲŷԼӲ塣еݸСӣĿʧķҸŻع
ץסˣҪɿˣЦСԴ
ţ㣬ʶǸ𣿿Ǹһ𣿡ССңдšڴ֡
ǣ㲢ʶǸ簡ұǸ˵
Ǿ˰ɣβסʧ磬ټ
㣬ʶɣС뿪ıӰңȷе˵ǳߡ
ҲʶҶĿ˵
ǵģĪӽʶǣȻҿӣЦˣ緱һöĿ
죬һ磬ҶӣɵĻ˵ֻҲҸģϲɵ˯ȥĸоʱ򣬿΢ЦЦʹһá
ȥΪĿҸʲô£оĴڣֻҲܸоҵĴģǱҪģ
£ҲȻ£ǣĳǰʱе鶼ˣֻʶĵԶ
ǷǵҹգһҪȥΪӣҸҵһԵģԲԣ
ָߡ
ͯǹģͯˣϻһĿӣ3أһֱڼˣûɴģڻȳأͯ׵֧־ͯĶ





ѧѧ

ѧĵһ죬һ˷ͣӣƺ⣡ʵ˵ĺҲǰԭͷŪһѣ
Һӣɱһ༶Ҳһģ̫ˣǣǣ߽λã˰һܣһţȴǰһˣ
ӣɣ㲻ֻϲһ𣿡ңòһ䲻⣡
ɵϣΪϲţҲѡһŰӵģһֲӣҴһ£ĵλáڶţ
棬ŴӣϴӣԱߣһػʿ̾һֻҪˣɣ
ͻȻǰߵӶһ£ҵ̵ʶ̧ͷһ˫üëһ˫۾һ졣
˪ô㣿Ҿӣɵע⡣
ӽ쿪ʼҾͺӽࡢӣһˣ˪ЦŻش
ʶңӣڤ˼ûˡ
˭᲻ʶ㰡ЦŴȤ߽ܣ˪
죬˪һѩ׵죬֣˵ְ꣬ͷˣ
ллĿ佱˪Цݸˡ
ʡʡɣֻҪһͷ˵ʲôģҰһۡ
Һ˪ʼ̸˵أҲ֪һ죬ҾȻҲôԣӣɵѾӵ10ҳ30ҳˣҺ˪ҲԽԽĿλҲˣֻ˪Աߣǵĺûˣ
Ұ̨վһı׼Ůʦҽգӽ쿪ʼҾǵİΣ
ŮЧӦ˪ҡͷ̾
ô㣿ȷĵΪ𾢣
һ룬ЦˣңǼӲҲˡŮľУֶ̨ĸ˧񹲷ߵ
棬ʦһ飬УԶѧԺˣԣǰĸУð׷ˣҵӭ׼ϣܣٺС
ҽ衢ѡãȻĴʦĽܡ
ȻҴʦĻ˧
ǰĸ˧Ǹѻ˧
㱿㲻᲻֪ĸɣ
˵ԶУͷ
ǰܶǸ֣˭ǣ
ΪǼҲǮ
ۣF4
ˣһСǽĪĪӴģ˵ˣ
ԭѻãӣɾȻҲˣ
ǲǸս𣿡һعһ鿴
ĸˢˢĿⶼҸʲô𣿳Զܵ𣿲3͵ûؼ˰ɣ
ʦƽǶ֪ǵ֣ȴ֪ǵģ£ʲô磬ȫͬѧҽܣôҲʶһ£
ⲻʼɣ˧絹ã
ҺãҽѩҿԽСףҲԽѩ
Һã󣬺ܸ˺ʹҳΪͬѧһѧϰ
ҽٻϣʹҳΪѣ
ǷҶգ
ҽк
ڡӣɻߵıʣΪȣҳһӡüͷ飬ֵĸоһԭǷˣŬѧϰҪһ࣡
Һãҽ˪ܸԺʹһȹ
˪£ȫҺӣûҽˡһʱˣҪĸ˭
˪ĸֿֿλãø𣿡Ҫվ˼
ðɣ˪ȥǸλãʦЦ˵
ĸö֮ˣʲôǰǰΧˣȻҪҵǰ





Ϸ翪ʼ

׼ϣǰٺҺ棬ŴӣѻԱߡǾˣ룬Ҷȫ໹ûҽܰɣľǣҪҽܵʲô˼
ǣ¿Ǿпͷˣһͬѧ˷ӿ˹ǰΧˡŮų˹ӲСɼӣҪ֪û˸һ̵ӣҲţЦ
ͬѧǣϿ˰ɣӣɵͷ˵һ䡣
Ҳǳӣɵѧϰԣ֨ˡҲɼĻòȺʧˣҲ֣Ϊʲô˵أǿı簡
֣лԲİ
ûϵǴҿˣӣͷ̧۲Ļش
ˣĪӽɣԺǰˣҿԽӽ𣿺ϤֽеĲŤʲôˣǵҰɣҽ׼ϣԽ׼ϣ
ңԽܣһ۾˵ͼӣɵĿˡ
ҲӦüǵðɣͽٺɣĿӴƵϡ
ѻã˵ţֶһſ˯ˣ
һͷڰнӹķȻдšҡŮܽ桷ΪǳֶѪҺδڻһζᣬңԶ
ĺϲҡŮΪʲôһд꣬еڶ
СŮģ
ҲϲиҺ񣡡
УԶ̸дһʹ죡
ҡŮôеԽԽôԽԽడ
ѽ˵СŮģˣ
ֲһعĵһ׼ϣ
˵ʲôãӣû⣬ſأ
ӽ࣬뱻֣صúһ˵ţҲعͷȥˡ
ݵʱҵͬѧӣɵȥԷһӵľȻĿⶼʱˣȴúůӣϵ΢Цһϲ΢Цʲô¶νҴĵ׸оҸ
ӪóԣԵУҲͣвˡ
ӽ࣬ǺѳԷأιأһܺ
˪ԭŮԱߡ
ˣѩ󣬻ٻҵĺѣҲ۰ģ˪ЦŽܡ
ˣҿˣѩ¡
Ѿͷģٲߣ˾Ͷˣ𱬰
ˣӽ࣬пģ˵ţٻһ뿪ˡ
һ紵ȴûͷϵĺ飬⼸˺ĳأ
ѧҺӣ߳ѧУȻߣұߡҽ˵һңΪѧȽ϶ࡣڵһ·ת䣬ͣˣֱ
תѧһ죬оôϰ𣿡ҿ΢Ц
Ӧǿģ߰ɣһؼҰɣʽӹҵ˵
ԶŮǶۣ⼸ôˣȥתһӣɣԶĹĸУѻãٺ׼ϣܣִԶתһ߲ʣ˧缶ֻǣ˹͵ģ͵ģˣԶ׶԰ʼ˹ķ˿ͱ˿֮֡ÿ˿ԼżֳС飬עԼ˧ż
ʣǰְֺҼתģΪϣ̲ôģҼҲλãЩӦֻǣղĲһ֣ӣɵĸоҲҶˣǣƺе⣡Ҳ֪ʲô
ָߡ
ֻͯ벡ˣΪǣһŬŬŬΪ׸Ҷˣ





Կη

ǣСĹСģҪ˲֪ǼĪΪûƭκˣǣȴƫƫײˣңʱ̵Ҿȣڵڶ죡
ϣǵӽڽֻ̤׼ϣʱĳˡ
˵ʲô˵ҲڸסղŵЦݡ
ϣӽҲᷢ𣿵ȵȣ뵽һʶˣ˭ţһڤ˼ӡ
׼ϣЦŽӽǣ׽ɹľ죡۾ΪȻٺܣȻ²ؼ߸߹𡣶ѻãǣóЦĿɨҡ
ˣķˣһ֣תߣߣʣ
վס˵ѻãͬʱͣѡӣǳʣ
ǣЦſźһѻãݲȵĻش⣬ȴսҵ֡
Զĵ˧磿׼ϣϲˣҲһƷӣָ°ͣΧתһȦĵȷüĿģֲӽῴ㣬ҲϲСܰɣ
ߣѻÿһ촽ķ׵ң˵
ѻôͷ뿪һԵĵĸϣû취ѻõߣǵĶҪܼ尾ˣֻٺǰͣ
һѵģؼң˵ţҲȥ
ʶǣʷſҵ֣Цʡ
ͬѧǣֻͬѧѣ
ҷſ촽һĨ΢ЦʧıӰʲôʱҵģԶһ룬Ƕμѵӣһ˵ģȻԶĵһѻãһ֪Ѿ͵˰ɣ
ڶ죬Ҫһȥͣ΢Цֻеͷˡȥ̣ſڵҡȥԼʱȥˡ
壬簡Цźæµϰк
СĪˣ˪ϰЦЦ¥Ϻһ
ӽˣĵһŵ⣬˪ˡ
߰ɣҽӹ˵
ӿѧĵڶ죬Ǿһˣ˪صظ壬ҵĵ⽻һͽҵĵķϣҲܵ˪ֵգûһߣҲңҪ־磬Ҿ͸˵ˣ
ǣ˪ͻȻĿʣСʡ
ιιι˶ײˣôһӦҲûУֱֱĶʲţ
ʲôҺòײŻ̫ĻǣҲʶԼʧ̬˼ĵͷ
̫ˣ߱˵ɣεҡҡͷҸղ˵ģû
ãϵˣѾͷòǶ˷İɣ
һ·ʿİʼ˪˼ĥǹԹԵİ˳ȥͲסִŵĲֹһ
˪Ÿӣɵͣ˵Цһ·Ҳ˹ʵ飬СѾͷ氡ҿҵĻɿˣ
ߵ䣬ͣҺ˪ӹڼϡ˪ҪߣСѾͷͻȻͣһ״򲻶ļƣ
һ𣿡˪ʣӿɰˣ
ˣͬѧײãؼе͸ˣЦ
ժĺƻ֪Ϊ
Сһˣǣѧ
Ц˪߽У԰ǣ̸оˡ˪ֵĿңֻЦЦƺһֱڿǣָָģҽ촩ĺ
Һܿ;ûô򵥣ﱾֺģһſڣ̲ˣôĽңһڵҲļŴҵĿ⣬ģ˪ԻصλãĪ³ˡ
ѻû˯ٺڿŴķ羰ܻڿ飬׼ϣںǰͬѧ˵ʲôǣƽʱ絽ӣɣᰲ飬ҵЦҽλõӣɾȻڣõԤһ˲Χңԭİ༶ΪҵٴС





ŭӣ

벻Ȼֻ̤
ǰҵżˣһѧؼң
ôܣҵӲŲῴأ
ôܰ˿ˣ˵ͬһСأ
ͻȻת죬һûҵӣ飬ôʽȥҪҲԣⶼʲôˣ
ߵˣӣɻûǲѾЩͼӴ׵Էˣʱ򣬲Լһ͵ʱΪʲôȻ׼ϣʲôҲҪ͵һӵ𣿿ǣӣ
һϰûгֱ֣һڿεϿˣȫͬѧİµǳҺԴΪֵӰˣңҲڹ
ӣɣȥˣ΢ЦʲôҲûһ
Ͱɣҽ˳
ˣҪϿˣ¿ٳ԰ɣûж˼ֻԼ̨ס
ҵأҪںȣƶĽʡ
˵Цһˣ
ʼգֻǳĬĬٳĬҲǣ·ǿһأһֱĶԶ԰ףЩ˿ȻֺкЦĿϷ
ɣͬʣǳ
תˣôûиңӣʡ
ҲûʹҰҵƤĻش𣬱뻺һգŭˡ
ˣӣһվӿϵжҸ׼ͣҵɵ𣿡
ȫͬѧսϿεʦȻҲڣ˭Ҳû뵽ӣɾȻᷢ𣬼ֱǷŭޣ
˭ģȻӣɣĿȴѾ׼ϣſӣɾ֪ˣҲӦû
ӽС㣬ҷģԲң׼ϣ̾˫Ͷ
Īӽ࣬ҵһ׳ˣòãӣɺһѰҴקȰӣɵӣһȣЩˤˡ
ſҸվȣĸˣȻվˡ
һڣûʧѻϣͬѧ
һڣټİ༶ֻʣˡʱֹһһֻ̣д͵Դϴۣ֪һڣңһжģ
аĪӽ࣬пɽˣӣɱ˵Ŀңɿ֡
ӣɣģЩ֪ˣæסɿ֡
ˣӣ˦ҵ֣ŭĴ𣬡ң˳Ƕôϲ㣡ң㲻֪תУΪ㣡
סˣֱֱĿôµӣɡ֪ǣ֪
Ǻǣ𣿡ѻЦҲɹİҵĿ˹ȥ
ףӽ࣬ôԶ˧綼Ϲϵ׼ϣϸһ顣
ʲô˼ӣüͷ׼ϣҵҲ
ôӦףһ۾ӣһۣƿĿ⣬ٺӣɵĿҲ˹ȥ
ĸҲΪתģٺɵĿڴ̨ϣ˵
ҵѪҺǶһһεεģ⣡ĵ׵䣬ӣɵĿ󣬸ʧȥеΪӣɵһҲûУЦŭȴʲôҲûУ۾Ҳûһɫʣ
εʱͻȻˣһƬ壬Լ۵ʣŴ˪ģӣɵɫеµ䷴ãˣ





ҵܶ

ӣɣǸʲôʿһصĶҲüͷ
װˣⲻҪ𣿡ӣĿһ޹ʡ
ӣɡ·ôôſԣңҽеҡҲǺߣ˪
Һֻסͬһ£ֻǻﻥôſԣ
ңֻһ˶ѣôôң
ӣɣΪʲôأҴûƭ㣡ҡҲƭģⲻҵı⣡Ҳģ
ǣӽ̫࣬ҫˣҺʧȥ㣬Ҳʧȥ㣬°ӣ˵Ŀңôۣ
ô£洫һŭǽ̵ΣǸʲô㣿Ŀתʣ㲻ŵ𣿲ڰϿΣһʲô
ϻȥʿ˿ңֿ˿ӣɣ뿪ˡ
ûҪ£׼ϣЦŶԽ̵˵
⵹ѽ̵ˡ
ٶ뿪ҪϿε𣿡͵ѻʽ˵
Ȼ̵ҲӦ֪ǵͷѧǰֲܶӣʧݡǣͷͦأ΢Цǵ뿪˰༶
ͬѧ½Ľ༶ʦҲʼΣӣһΡҺùеſϡ
Ҳû뿪֮ǰҵĿ⣬ˡУӲģһĨֵЦֿˣ
ӣɣǲǻΪʲôüͷأСĵ֣ӵ߬ȭͷ֣׹ײҸصڿС
ӣɣֻߣҲ֪ǻŵģҲŻҸŻЦŸԼһŵɣܸоһ£ĿҲ
ϢСǸξһСģͻӣʲôû˵ֻսҵ֣ɶ˵͹ˣڽüͷССĳǣĵ˯ˡ
ʱ򣬰һ˶ûˣӣҲˣֿտյģӰͶ£̧ͷգôܺӣɺͺأôأҺ۰ģûô۹
ӽ࣬ˣʲôʱģ
¿𣿡ջĿ⣬Цʡ
㣬˺𣿡ɤŻ󰡣˯Ϳ㻹˯Ƕ극ˣû˯
ŶСĵĸߴߴ˵
ǾȽţɺĽɣٻЦ˵
ѽѩ־󰡣ɣЩͱںˣǰŮûеģ
ţֻǣû뵽ҿЦ˵
ˣϲ˧еһ⻰תǲ̫ˣ
ϲٺ˧˧ģ˵Ŵ⣡ѩʲô۹⣿ǸƢԺ뱩ްݰˣ
ϲ׼ϣΣȤĬҵǲ
Ҿܲ۾˹˹ĵģϲ飬ĻӣôٻҲߵĳأ
Ӧúܺϵ˭ˣʲôۣ
ӽͲˣ˪أҺЦſѾͷһ˼
˵Ƕ˵ˣʲô˼ģϲϲٸ̾һ»񰡣
ʰɣҲǲ²⣬ǻɣ
ô֪ȵĿҡ
ҲϹӣüʼ硣
ǳˣһΧס˪
Ǿûϲѻúӣ𣿡ͦģ
ӣǲϲѩЦǸ
ѻãǡʲô˵أ񡭽ӴԶԶָо
ǰŮѾˣҲ̤ٻЦŲ䡣
ָߡ
ܰ¼ϵĻԺأУлл֧֣оů





˪Ҹ

ҵͻһͣסˣˣǺǣĸоأΪҵѾأ̧ͷգңӦôѾΪˣӦô
ͷʱ⿴û˵İ༶ĸѾͷһӣˣҽʧˣԭʼĸоǶԵģŮ֣
ӽ࣬ʳø˶ӣɳ˰ǣ˵һ仰
ۣôһ˵ľúܶأЦŽӹеĶԶҪΪӣɣã
ӽ࣬Բ𣡡ҴסԶҲڰУ֪ʵҲԣǣģĺںģΪһʧȥ㣬ԶԶģǣڣѣҲκ˰ߣҲٰøκ˵ģ˭ҲУ
ӣɣ벻ҪɣҷеĶӽֻӣɣʲôʱҲҪɣ𣿡
ЦſӣɣΪ˵ﻰաͻȻ緱һѤõЦݣĵ˵ͷߴҿԡӽԵĶأӣɣղŵĻӣɣ԰ѱ˵Ѿܲˣ
Ӵˣӣɾһؼˣѧһ̣򱡺ɲ㵰⡣Ȼˣʺ˪Һӣұߣ˪ߣߡ
ʣ˪ôĴϣСĵʿʡ
ǸܿɰŮӣϺǣʱˣ
԰ŮΪɰİСĵĸ͡
㣡˵ֿˣ˪ôϸӰ
˯֮ǰ绰˪Ҵ£˳ʱӦóˣôȣСһڵ绰治֪Ӧô죬СǾҵľ̽ɣ
ûʲôһǶĳĳ˾Ͳһˣ˪һ·ͷСĲˣСֽҵ֣һҲûſҲûзſ˼ֶճˣһʱŶˣǣ쵽ѧУˣ˵˵ˣ
ʣ˪л˵һǰһѣҺӣˣ
ӽ࣬ҪҲţƵĵҡ
ǶߣǣԼ˵Ŷε̾˿ͷɣ
ã˪ǿɿҵ֣תʣʡҡǸô
ôˣҲЩˣ
ңϲ㣡Ǳװһģӣɶ´סˣ𣿡
ʣɱ𹼸ôɰŮŶͱͱʣתͷֿĨֵЦˣգۼֲˣ
仰Ӧ˵ģΪǾ仰˵ŵǣ˪֣ǽɣ
˪ĿʵһһҲûӦȻǿʼԽԽĵͷʾжôͬ⡣
ˣ˪ӣɳ˹ȻһԣǻһǣֳԷѧؼҡҲ˵Ժӣһֳӣһ֧ӣֻҸǲŻˣһӵȻԣΪ䲻ǵӣֻЦЦ̧ͷգ֪ĳ˻ô˵ǸҲԵˣ
ʱӣҲңһΪʲôһˣֻεҡͷ˵֪һӣɵ̵׶٣ǲʱʱ
ȻҲұԹ˪ÿǰܲʣҲ˵һѧˣҲɸɻͷɵЦҲֻЦЦŮ˲ÿģ





ٵϷ

ǣʵѧ᳤ϲǣ˪ЦŰǷǡ
Цһǽϲǣѩεҡҡͷ
ȥǼʰɣ˪ȷЦ̫˵Ҳӽæ
Ե֣ҰǷ𰡣
ӽ࣬ͺףҲҰɣһ
㣿Ҫȸңϲ˭ʲôʱеˣ
֪ʣ۾ƮһǺһѣԣСŮĽ̬ʺ
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΢ЦʣôҸΪʲôϧأҿĺ˪ĺܰʵģҲǻûԼİɣΪ˪ʺʺϣοѾˣӦϧǰˣ
վȺ棬ȴһĽ߸ߵյ̫Ĺ⻷ʶı۾ס۵ĹâȴƳһƯ
ֵʱһûԶˣȺԶԾÿһ·ѻôһɫϵе··ϣһ˵˶סˣң
͸Ĺѻһ㣬Ȼ󣬷ҵĶ˵˵ȻˣҪץסץסˣһҲſ
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ŵʱҺӣɷֿˣ˵ǻؼңʵȥѧУ
ѩ¹໥ӳУǿģЦſ·ߵ˸߲ʵĹâһֱ쵽·ľͷָҸߣ¥һĽңǽֹѧģң⣬ʲôҲʲô
ţҵĵһͻȻȫˣҾȵĿһУϵ˿ɫģǽǡҡŮɫڰɫǽϻЦͼǰ˵ĻҾȵǣһӵһ̣ҲĪӽ࣬ĪӴЩӴ
ӽ࣬ʥڵĸ͵ģҲǶǰĵǸٺȿĿڣЦĺܱǸ
ӴһֱиԸһֶӣǣһֱЦЦȴûϣѻڻһңԶĹ¡
ȻЩܷһ۾ͷ΢Ц
ӴǵĺֵܣãϣһΪԸ׼ϣŹİգգ۾
㵱ǵĸͬ˵
ĿģҾϲס˵ȵȣһȺӸܸʲôǣǣ𣿡
ҿǴСٵģٲڻ£ٺĻһѧ٣
СŶ׼ϣǰļӹһ飬ӹļѵһ׼ϣ
Ҳûµ缪ѻǽǣŪеҡ
ҲʲôǣддʣӦѲңܻӻеס
ǣ˵ʲôأ





Ӵأ

ůˣһȺʲôĴү֪ġǾͺƽĸӵһСģûܹκίҲûΪ˭ʲôǿԶСǵĳݣԶ˶Ů尲ŵġѻãٺǰߣ׼ϣǺߣҺǸʲôǿ˷еĿ־壬ͶԼ˵ķ
л࣬ǣȴۿתһֻ̣ɵɵվţؿȺˣΪӴǶ׼ϣǾ䣬ӴǵֵǾ䣬һֱҶ߻صţҸЦ
ʱѻµ缪̻ᣬעһһֱΪֹΪѾҵ뿪ҵλá
ܸж𣿡ûԱֻĵ˵ͷô֪ʲôǶõĻر𣿡΢΢ͷ뿴ı飬ǾǣӴ
˵ʲôĻ׼ϣǸĲߴߴ졣
ǵ˵ɣѻ΢Цһкܶ໰Ҫ˵ǰɣ
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ΪʲôҪӣ̹׵Ŀżɽ
ӣɣҵ룬ԼֶӣһΣ𣿡Ķ˵
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ָߡ
ǸôöûģǱŶԣһŬд~





粨

Ϊϲһ𣬲˭ֵģ̾һǰŮҲǰһ˶ѣ
ҵҪǻʲô³ɭЦţ뿪ǵߡ
ӴãƢٺصǿϵ
ģûй˼ЦŶ˵
ǲ֤˸úҵлѻÿ̨Ե˵
Բû㣡ͷ˵
ˣٷҪˣ׼ϣĿڡ
ģصģҲʾĺ˻ȥ
ΪѻЦţɣŮѣҾԭ㣡
Ц˰ɣҽԶĵһ֪ѧԺְΪľŮ֢רſãµƵģĸĶĳ̶ȣҲ⳰Цһ
ûǹ㣡ѻﲻݡ
ʶס죬˲ɣڴǰ˵ǹңǣǵǸΪʲôᣡΪ֤Ů֪֤ҲϾҶֵܣ
ֻ֤öˣԽŮˣҽӲŤת棬ԼǺò׺õĹϵ̫Ρ
ֻҪ㣡ѻȴơ
ֻӣϲˣҴӦġһΣҲʧԣ
㲻ѻĿⶢҲţǲŹκεı飬仯
ҵ£תȥǣҪ£ʲôʹǣҲԭ£
ܺãѻòҵļ޷˵뿪
ӴοΪĳˣǴأεҡҡͷ
룬һᰮӣɵģ˫̥кܶĵط𣿻кܶͬϲĶôӣҲɣһһߣʹٰôأӣɻһӰӽģ
ӣǣҵ֣ǰѧУ紵ţѩȻĴ죬ӽϲĴ죡
ᰮҶãӣ΢Ц˵
ܾúܾã˱ʹҲᰮţӽͱʹڰ㣡
ǣһһ죬Ҳˣô죿ҵһʹٰ³
ôӣһҪסĪӽԶֻһˣʲôİţ
ôһ죬һԶ㣡ӣɽ˽ҵ֡
ǰӽ࣡ңӴ
ǣӣԶӽ࣡Ƕȫ
ΪԣӣɳʱһؼˣҷֵʱѾԱ˰ˣ۵С۵Ķţһҵע֪ΪʲôһõԤжûУңֹסķ
ôˣӽ࣬ڷӣֱסҵļ򣬵ĵʡ
ңҲ֪ΪʲôҾ£
ѻãӣٴ֤ʵҵĲ
ҷӣɲǿ̽ͷ˿״ȻߵȽԶĵطŷſô죿ԴѾҳһˣʲô벻Ҫھͺˣˣ
Ųסˣôô˴һأӣɻ氡
ȥ¥׼ϣʱڣҹڱ侲
أӣͻȻͣҡ
ҿǰȥСĴߴ
ԶУԶͣǶǶʱ䣬ŰһֵӭսΪѻúٺǿǴûǣһΰǸƼˣǵĴͷ磬һŽе̵ˣѻãǳ£̲ѧˣٹȻѻõİְҲ£ϾıӣҲ£ԶԶ׽˲ĳ
ǣҺµǣҲ棡





ұС

ס֣ӣ뿪Ҳվ
ĸУҹӣͣϴǸŮģ
㣿ѽˣⲻǸĪӴ𣿡ϵЦҾú䣬ôѧϰľѧУ氡
ĪӴߣߣѻǱڵϣǻѪ·ȫ֣
̣ʶͿ߰ɣҲһȺ˵
ӴǵĪСܣӦýĪСˣţˣǲǣ̱ĿгͷˣѾʧȥˣǣҪװҲҪ󣡡
ȱȿɣקͷͷϡ
̴ܵı첻ǴģС˵ģʱѻúٺŽѹģȻ޽ǣǵ̣Ҳ֪ܲܶԸУԿȭ·ӦܶԸȱɣ
Ӵߣ㲻Ķ֣ѻüֻ㲻ĵĴ󺰡
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ҪСңյĶһǷȭֽסһ⿳ƺЩ֧ˣ
ӴСģѻǱҲܣʣµȫڴȻĹң̣㣬Ҫң˺һһΣ
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ӴºûûϵߣѻɵϣӴңȿȣߣ򲻹ģ
ǿɲһǣһȭؿڡ
ˣ紵ҵ°ڣվֱͷ˿衣ĹڵϣؿڣڴڵĴһȭȫǰ˵СҲɵˣˣҲǰˣ
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ĪӴ̵ͺ𣬡ţ
㵽ףҲʾĻؾ
͵̰СϣŸʲô
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ֿˣϴα̵ͿޣÿΪ㵲ˣǱߴ͵͵伸ᣬкô޵ģѻüѵҲᡣ
ҲûУ۾ɳˣӣƱ硣
֪ոյһȭڶİɣʧ㣬룡˳ƽ§ڻɵϣϣľ˰
ѻõĻΪĶͻȻܸˣˣʲô֪ңѻõĻůҸоǰδеİȫŵ񾭶һ̷ˣ
ˣôһؼҵıؾ֮·ѻüǱ۵İ
ѻóһİֽдģϤһ£ֶӵĵһ׸裡
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ӴޣûУڽƱ磡ǣ
һǣһжΪңԣ׼ϣŻȥѧӹģܲŻдʣٺŻԸΪȥ٣㣬µ缪ôҲˣĶ󺰣뺰еı˺ھΡ
㣬ԭ㶼֪ѻٴĵǽϡ
׼ϣǼӹļѵ࣬ٺƢãѧᷴĸʱͲٵˣϲѧ͸ʸϹϵȥҷ㣬Դӳݵĵ缪ȥͷ˵缪ֶӣǷʱҾ֪ˣѵУҲǸ𣿡





ҡֶӵĵһ

ΪԲһΰǴʧõıѻðĿŵС
ʲô˫̥ǱƵģҾǶǸұӦòڵģ
Ӵڵ壡ѻüᶨ˵
ˮ÷紵ˣҿǰʹңҴѻáΪʲôһ̣Ҿãȫ粻ҶԣֻѻҾͿˣ
죡ѻã㣬㣬㣡׼ϣܹҲ鿴ѻá
ܵ죡ٺŭȫȭͷĴǽϡ
ȴѻȥһ°ɣ۾üͷ˵
û°ɣͻȻĿͬҡ
ٺ׼ϣͬҲͰˣôӣҲźˣŶû£ѻб£Ƕˣ
ӽ࣬ˣӣɷңҷ۾ˡ
ӣɣؼҰɣȻҪˣҳһ˿΢Ц͸
صңĵڴϣӱӣɣǵһΣо֣ƺʲôѻñĸʣһµңŽѩֽúɫͱʣ׼ܿдţ

ʲô
ֻĸ
ͯʹ
Ϊн׵ĳ
׵ȹ
һ
Աʹ
ǶôҸ
ػ
ð
ҵһ
ÿҹ
ữһ
е
Զ

ӽ࣬
ǵʱӽѧ֯ΧΪܸӣ֯һصش绰ңЦң㣬Ҳ֯һɣòһһֱŵģ۴ﶬһֱߣֻЦЦк֯ʲôӽͺǣֲкӰ֯һڵ绰ͷȻҡͷӽ࣬סĪӴһкӣ绰Ǳ߾˺ð죬ͨĴƵΪңʵҸʺϵŮӣΪ˼˰СģҽźھңΪǸ˼˰Сɣ
ӽ࣬Ҳǽ㻹㣬ɣȻôССҪ󶼲Ը㣿ڲھ֯
У죬һ죬ͷżˡҲ˵ҡֶӵһε̨ݳ
˵ǼٵģҽŵҪʱģǶӳѻã˲ģ֮ǰΪ˱ԼĹûѧУֹһֻ͸ôըƵľϲ
̨ʱȺӣɵӰӣ΢Цס˻Ͳ˵׸дҵģ˵дӽģӽ೪ӣ֪иӽŮжô
м׼ϣһ󣬱׺̨ܣûιȥˡһˣȫ䶯Ҳ֤ǳɹˣҡֶʽ
ȻǼҡڽҿѻôģֻǱһ˼ѣһ¿ڣǾһˣ²ǲܺȣǲ̫ľζϾӣɵӽǸԹŮ
ˣҸŮѰɨһٺ׼ϣǣýõ²
ŮѣͨĵľƱңΪŤҿ۾Ҫ˼
Ϊʲôѻýܣٺҡ
㻹ֱĺãһʩϵģ
ۣҾҪˣ׼ϣûģҿ̣
д⣡Ҳ֣
Ҳԣٺʲô˼
ǿɲУҵģҷˣǺˣ
ҿˣڲŶͣˣ±磡վҲܴȥˣ׳£ȥӣˣݰݣ





ӣ

ߵȥӣ֯ҴɨƺҲʱҵģҲûңȥȥ̨ˣǸõطܴķ磬죬紵ҵĳڿзĸоܺãҺϲСʱҸоʲôû䣬ֻһζѣ
Ҿ֪̨ͻȻˣѻôӰ߳
Ǻǣȥ˲ſæԲﴵ磡̨ıԵ΢Ц
ͲӴƭңΪҰ㣡ѻһһ
ѻãȶ˰ɣұķԷŵֻҪôһӦ
ûУҺȷؼӶˣѻ΢΢һЦⶼˡ
Ŀǰͣµѻã֪Ϊ˵ҸͲϲӣɣͻȻ˵ϲŮңŮ֢ػ߰ϵŮңദֵܣ
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ӱ⣡ѻòơ
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Сʱ˵˶±ӻŮӣ͵͵ģΪһֱ뵱кӣǣΪ˵ģô
㲻Ϊޣѻסҵ°ͣҶ۾
ңûΪ޹𣿡У˵ҵ죡
Ϊ޵𣿡ѻøһʤ΢Цת뿪
ĻڱˮϣĨЦҴסҵȻ֪Ц壬ÿаյʱͻôЦаյ£ûʧҲ𣿲ǰģǰӣɵģ
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ȻôˣˣӣɿЦҡ
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ȻӽҵĿʹӣɹڳһܿɰӡ
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һڣӣæµĸĸĵҪȥΣǸûᣬǣңֻЦģңֻԴ绰
ӣϡ硢϶Ҷ绰ڶ˵ҲǸûᣬǣҲҡڽϰԣÿճ̾ǣϽӣɵĵ绰ͣȥҡڽңӣɵĵ绰緹ȥҡڽңϽӣɵĵ绰˯
ȻﰡҰĿƿٺ
㰡ˣٺ̨϶΢Ц
ڿʲôٺ˹Ҽǵ⣡
ˣֻƲס̫ʱҲŸ̧ͷҼϵĹۿ
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ڿҳһ˿΢ЦŵЦţԴȥҾԼµͻȻҶһ£ͷΪ̫ˣǣӦòˣΪȥˣӽ࣬Ҳµˡ
Ӵ㲻µʵӽһģٺȻ۾̧ͷա
һֱ⣡Ϊӱ⣬ѡĿ
ʲôʰɣٺûʲôˬĵͷߵĲ鶾
ǰǸͷƢԶǣƢһȭٺŪȥˣҲ֪Ϊʲôôľ˵ڡ
ܺܳٺץץͷŻش𣬡˵Ƣ׷Ůԣඣ
ʲôʲôǰй˵ŮŪĶͷٺȥȻ˵Ϊ׷ŮŰƢˣ찡Ҫˣ
ָߡ
λкãͯԣʾҲа





ѻúٺĶ

Ŷ˭ôѩǼһԼ˰ɣ
㣬ǸСʲô⻰Ӻ˵
ˣôأһ겻ٺ׼ϣˣ
㣬ٺЦ촽䶯ҲŮ
⣬ʲô˼Ҫô⣿
Ҳһأˣҵˣ
ʶƫͷȻѻζ΢ЦջĿ⣬ôǣطһŮкһŮףȴӿˡôأҪôӱܣ
ӴһҮȻҲٺϲ㣡ѻڷ
㲻Ҫ˵ҵ찡ô죿ڶȡ壡
Ŷ𣿡ѻòңζĶٺ΢Ц˻ҩζ
ȻǣϲӴʲôֲ˵˵ģ
ٺֵҪú̸̸ˣô̸ʲô̸
ʲô̸ģٺƣŶѻҲûӳӴİ
ϢĲˣȥϰɣǽĿеĻ𻨣ֻܳ²ˣ
ٴ֯ΧΪӽ࣡ղ̨ǧһֿʼңѻ˵ϲңһûعٺңҾø˼ˣҲ̫췽ҹ̷ˣǿԶļԾܰ
Ӵ쵽ˣô֯ΧˣѵǸҵģ֪׼ϣҾͲӦðǣˣûǰ֯꣡
ǣǸ֯ģΪ˱£ѡ˳˵
ʲôģ׼ϣʮ־̬ȣѽǸʲô
缪͵ٵ˫ش׼ϣŶʾ顣ͻȻ˵Ĺ죬üͷϵĻۣٺСĵµ࣬ѻõͷŵ缪һʱ䣬ֻеٵ졣
ѻúٺһ뿪ģ׼ϣ˵һӹģұȰǷܰˣ˵һؼң˳̸Щ飡
죬ѻúٺֵֹģܺ˵л
𣿡ҵȻ֪ǹ
ٺ˰ɣЦҵ޴롣
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㻹֪ʲôҰɣƺ֪ܶ࣡ǹ۲쵽ܶ࣡
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ô֪ٺϲأҺʡ
ҲϹӣÿģҲɵӣģʳָͷػȦ
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ϣ֯룬֯һһ
ϣҶžӣӽ࣬˵һϵĻ
ܵ˼ҶҵȷΪӣ˺̫̫ˣǣû취ΪʲôֻѡһҲֻѡѣѡû˽̹Ӧô죡ôȫİ취ԣֻ˺ķʽ⣬ҲȵǲʱһоͻصԭλãҲֻڴţѻúٺҲκϣ





׼ϣĸ

ҳԾĿ׼ϣȻÿ˵ҲֻǸյѣҲɹǣҲһҽѾص絽һСʱˣôڣҵϰӹģûҵĵ
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аÿ컹˧㻤Ҷˣĺգ۾
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ʲôʱôˣҮұȾˣ
ԣݰˣ
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ӣֻзѧңҲΨһͬģҽĿΡѩǾȻҲˣѩһ͵ٺӿɰˣ
ѾͷСѧ·Ҳᣡ԰СѶᣡͺ
㣬ҽԺҪྲŲأ
оõûٻҺã
ûʲôģͻȥˣЦŻشǵĹġ
̧ͷʱٺѾ˯ˣŷ֣ԭѾʮһˡ´Сĵĸϣãûг
ĿһƫһֱվŵĵطҺ˹ȥʲôҲûаֻһƬգҹѣͻȻҴסˣʶס졣





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ӴˣΪʲô׼һȺһҺúÿడ׼ϣڲ۵ҽУôƵģҽԺҪְģ
ѻôͬٺͷ״
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Ȼһغϣ룡ٺ߲һΪµĻʿ͸Ҵˣ
𣿡׼ϣɫ԰׵ңڣ³𣿡
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Ӵҡ׼ϣϰԵƿŴ󺰣Ȼס
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Ҳ֪ʱͻȻƿһϤϢƽңȻһƬʪȵĴӡҵĶͷϣ
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Сĵİܲ˽ȥһڣ޹²ζģ
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ӣɣҲҵĴϴңҲϴ㣬Ƕϴ˲ϴˣѡʧֻ뿪ҵ磡
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ӾȻ˯ˣ϶˸ӱˣ滹иֽǳȥһǰְ֣±۾Ǹʲô
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722

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ԣɣµģ
ᣡҰ㶼˵ˣǳһģһ㲢û뿪
ӦˣǣӦˣ
ǣҴӦˣ࣬Ҫʹˣ߰ɣȥȥĵطˣ
㣬֪Ұ㣬ȰɻҪ࣬࣡
Ҫ˵ˣһӾͶһֵʹ࣡Ѱɣ
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˯ɣ࣬ģؼˣϾͿԻؼˣԶļң
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ˣҸ˰ְһУЭϵ֣ǩģһ˵˹µĽβɫΧ꣬ӽ࣬յ
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ˣѻôҵĻҪ˵ˣҪˣһѽ§ڻıšûˣûˣȥˣҵĴѻҲڷ
˵Ķˣܷһ۾εҡҡͷ
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ô죿ѻúٺͬͬʱҵߡ
㣬ңεĶš
ǶϲӴһòã׼ϣһ̻
ΪϷҷɵЦЦ
ǣ׼ϣͻȻҲϲ㰡ˣôҽԺ͵¼ܣϲϲӴĸȫܶԱòã׼ϣҲչֽţת˿ڷ硣
ģתҲһܺǫ̃¡˵Щðɣ
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Ҳϲ

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ΪʲôǵԶˣǾƺȶˣƿˣ
źȶأٵˣ׼ϣ˵Ȼһơ
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αǱеģûкѡֻгԤԤǱ׼׸裡Ѿף׻׼ŶӴЩҪעʳ̼ٺ׼ϣǰ׸裬ʱǧܳҵ׼ʱ·Ǹ壬װһͳһʱȣҼͣѻþȭ
ͣĸҲһԼľ
ҶѾ̱͵ˣ紵ɳɳ죬̫ںܶѿķǳȣǣе¶ҲȲǵ飡ȻѻҡڽҰװһϵе豸磬յ䣬ﶼͼûʲôˣ
ңιĪӴ
ܣң
ң֪ʾ
ܣԼһ
ңôˣǲǸշֿ
ܣҸĹ԰㣡ݣ
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ףĺÿ찡ʲô˼Ϊ£ǰ绰ģ
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ΪʲôңдҲ԰ҵһЦ
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Ȿ£𴿶ҲԼ
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ˣѻ׼ţзףžеԼ˧ңûιʳŶ첻ܴˣǹԹԵİɣ
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̣֪ڸʲôǷģҿǺͿˣ
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Сӣô˵ϴ󣿡̵ֵܿɲˣ





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ǺǣԶУҲ᲻˼ЦɣЦɣӴˣȥɣӣͻȻ˵ǸղţǺҺĿЦ
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ҿ첽߹ȥǺñӣתɿ˳ȥʱ䣬ںܣǣҲ㣡
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ڵĿˣǣϢңҿĸˣԣǵı飿ƽԼĺҾͼæ˵ϡ
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ڶȥһǣٺĵĽ͸





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·ܷҵ·
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ӰٺĻҲԼѡǶԵģ
棬ȥأԷϰȻȥֳÿ죬Ԥˣ
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ΪʲôǼ˵ЦôأֲõԤУô£ƫƫڱʱҸо
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ϲ߸ЬǲǺͯеˮЬʺ㣡׼ϣʲôʱ򶼲ҹĹ°
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˿ʯĻɴŷʦƣãʺ㣡ѻҲ
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ԣѻ֣Ӧˣǻױʦʦڿʼ磬㲻طκֻҪ֪ڳɹռ֮һλþˣ







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ȥҰ·ϣЦŰЩӵݸҡ
ȿԼʲôˣ˷ܵת
ӴѻңԺٿҲüȥ·
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ҡֶӣǴԴĸͨĿ
ҳ׼120΢Ц˷ŵľһǱסһλĹһԸȴһ˴뿪ԼҾǸӵϣĹһ˵ҳ֣˭ܸңǲǸˣǸҹһס˵ټףԭ·ʿĹȻţӳ֣ĺˣ
з߲ʵݣɫĹâи質·𿴼ãӽ裬Сһɷ裡
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ôоɣҵӴ׼ϣ̨צղŻģ̨ϴӹģ
ҿﻹ࣡ҳ˳ػɴ
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ףһЦôսңĿеҵˣô죿ǲĵҪҸɣ
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ƹְȫҲˣһصЩѡ֡ƹ϶չˣ˲ſڣ
ΧҵУֻŶģһΧǣʾƹͣסһѡ֣£ƹ߻ڶѡ֣壡
һˣҵļǲˣҽŵʱ򣬺ڰУһֻסҳ֣һʶĿǸ򣬵ƹͣˡ
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ŬѹסԼϲ飬̨²ŷй찡ΧˣУʹǹھҲǼǾ֮һýģǵûа׷ѣԵĸֵõģؼһǰ룡
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ŶôһⳡأٺͻȻѻ
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ھ

쳣Σѻúٺһߣһұߣ˭ҲϺ˭˵һ·棬һ仰Ҳ˵Ҳ֣һˡǣ໰׼ϣ֨һ͹ˣֻҲͷߣһҲ˵ˡ
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ѻãѻãҰ㣡󰮴ף
ٺٺ㣡㣡
׼ϣ׼ϣҰ㣡һ̲ͣ㣡
ܣܣ㣡䶼Ϊ㣡
ҵ찡ʲô״ȺŮӷ˰ɣһȺˣ컯֮£ҺҽУ󳳴ЩʲôʶһȻȺŮһܹҶüʱûΧǾûôˣǺҲ̫Ȥ
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ʲôҲͬ⣡ְֵһԡ
ʮҪѧˣ㣬ǺαصأΪѡ
԰ְֵķŭĵģһҲûУһʱ֪Ӧ˵ЩʲôһһԲģʣ
ְְֺ֣侲Ҳſڣӽˣˣԣȥĵطְ֣ĺǣ
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ΪʲôôţҲŲҪ޿׼ϣֲˣֻﵹæ
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СѾͷֲϲأҸԱߡ
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ЦЩ˾һĲףƲ11˶ʲôˣ߳꣬ŷ֣ɫѾˣ·ƶˣ޺˸ںϵǱһĽ䣬Ҳˣ
ӴʲôѻãںȾ
ѻãԺ󣬲ٴˣ˵ģؼڵĵ̵£һ˵ҲΪҩˣǣڲԣ
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ǣ˽İʲôãΨУѻüᶨ˵Ψ㲻У
ΪʲôΪʲôһң֡
˾ǰˣûΪʲôѻõҸζ
Բ𣬡ʹı۾ˮҲУô˽





뿪

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һɲǼ䣬ֻǵϵ䣬һܿ΢Ц죡Žǰô𪣬ǰű޲ӦеƤģұ۾
Ӵһģ㰮ңΪ˽ѻ÷ſңء
˵仰ʳָٶȵĵסҵĴĿңȻ뿪֪һҪشĳŵ֪Ҳڵκλش֪ҵľܾ
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Һһ˪ͻ˼ңԼþöûȥأҲҲȥ˰ɣߵҸĹ԰ʱͣΪҿ԰ǧһŮԱߵкں˵ʲôŮĻﱧһ׵Ĳ˹è
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ǣҶһ£չ׼120΢Цʸ磡֪һʱ䣬ĺ㣡һΪӽ࣬˵ˣֶΣǣʶʸ粻ģʵ㣬Ҳ˧أ
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ʸ磬ûлشĻĬ˰ɣԺúչ˰ְֺ裡Ѿҵĺø磬ְֵĺöˣ⣬Ӧô˵أӽɣ˪ӽҪã
𣿡ʵĿٴλصϣǿҵ뷨
룬ǣҳϣﲻǣӽ㣡һ㣬ֵϧ
һģ˵һУҶģͬʱҲڳŵ
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ĵ죬ҹһɪļڣԼһǧƵе飬żҶ档
ĵĶ죬ѾݵĸʦˣңƳĲζܻӭֻǣҲɲ㵰⣡
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ʱΪӣɵҪĸĸæһʱؼҹҸȥļңӣæµĸĸǺеˣӣһӣһֱҵ֣һĸ΢Ц˵ʲôӣСʱûһĸ׵ְúչӣɣúðӣɵİְҲǣ˵ֻӣһõڣӴˣȴͣˣҿӣɣЦ˵ӦǵҪֻǣ֪֮ǻ᲻ڣ
룬ͦϲתѧģҪȻôԶתԶԶתԶתصԶأǺǣĴѧתˣ
ܰɣûлصڵİ༶ǰİ༶ǣȫĿ⼯еϵʱҾ֪ҲڶˣҲûʲô
ҺãҽĪӴϣʹʣµİʱ⣡һӣͷϽͷű޵·ߵģȫûǰŮĸоǣЧǿ⣡
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Īӽ࣬ĪӴ࣬ǲ˫̥ðɣ
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ãֻһʲô𣿡
ȥ𣿡羶˵ŮӵĽ߱չʾ쾡£ҿʼڵĴˣֱعǰˣΪҵʱңλã
ѣѻãǺǣ۰ҵͷ̻λãҪ༶ûλˣһţ





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ͻȻѻǸλãλãٺλãܻ￴飬׼ϣ֪ڻ
ˣ֣Ϊʲôѻò羶İ༶أ𣿻湻أУ
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һڿΣҶûôΣΪεգҹƣҲûô潲ΣX۾һֱһߵĿſαڰ壬ңһطûƶŪļۼ˶ſ˹
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УһҪˣΪϲأղֹ
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ǵ˵潾һȺûԣɫѵˣ
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ңԲǸʱֻ뿪ҵԼҸҲҿǵĿ⣬ȻǵҾͱѡ񣬼Ȼѡȫ˺ˣŹƽ
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ˣҪ˵ˣѻõŭ𣬴һУ˼פۿͬѧ
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ҵˮȦתת̶̲ȥˣңѾǻ𣿲ԣ뿪ʱӦ־ɣ





Ӵʿ

Բԣ첻֨羶ͻȻ˵ˡ
羶ѻõϳֵĵı顣
ǸŮӶԲԣҼҡڵΪԲԣһһƭңѻҲǣ羶ܼ˵ˣѻ붼û׷ȥ
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ԲӣɣûθڡҵĻѻú羶һûУ
ҲԵˣһ˵۸ģӣȰҡ
ӣɣҾһ°ɣһ磬ұ֤һֵĪӴĲ뱻ţ
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ҵȥˣģֻˣЦŶ˵ң֪ģ
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ǺǣװĲǲǣҳһ˿΢Цı飬ߵֵǶԼҸˣ
ǲ㰲ŵģ׼ϣš
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ԶػǵӴһ˵
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ԲӴҲŷ֣ҸͲ֪ϲʲôӣǸ˵
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ǺǣҲǵģӣ¶΢Ц
ӽ֪࣬ӣɵЦů˺ģʱǲǾǰ΢Цأӽ࣬ӣĺð㰡㰮ԵĶڻǵأ





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ѾӴˣٺȻ٣Ȼ
ңֵдʣ̫ˣתǦʣشҲӦ
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ԭ𣿡ѻ̲ͣסˣҲΪôҲҪΪͻҲдֵô𣿡
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ǣǶԼҸѵ³Ϊ𣿡վǰ۾
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ˮ˳˵ҵʱҲܿޣԭҵʱҲܿޣѻľܾҵʱҲܿޣڿ˰ɣ޼ɵɣڣͻȻӣɣѻõ䶳߶ˣůĻ
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ܣҵͷӣѸֳ
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ڿޣֵǮ֪𣿡ѻõʼΪŭŤ
㵽ҪôôԭңˣҲˣ
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ָߡ
뿴ӴӣһעˣעһƪԤԱ~~~







ѻùϵţǳĬһ֮󣬴ˣźվһ΢Ц羶˵ԲҲСǵ̸˵ѻãҿԺӴ̸̸ǣѻĬĬ뿪ˣڹŵʱһۣôˣ
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ף㶪ѻ꣬ǰô˺ܹ̫˽ˣѾʧȥʸ񣡡羶Ȼ󷽵΢Цô˵ĻͲ˵һҲ֤ʵˣҵĽŲǶģ
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ܺãҾͿԺˣ羶Цҵ֡
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桪һպĻˣ
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ǺǣһֲֹС޹ϡǿòأ˪ʵĻ͵Ц
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Ϊʲôǵ£û˹涨ɣҲӴڽվһ𣡡У׼ϣڻӾˣ˵ˣ
׼ϣ˵ʲôб£ٸ˵һ飡Ǻǣ޿ʨŭСӴˮ˻
ۣԭ̳ӷӵΣһ˵൱ܽ壡
޹ϡ۵õʴһҪ۵ϰ׼ϣƵڶû˸ҵһģܿڣٻҲ۵ˣ
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ҺӣЦŶһ£һ𣬿ԻܡĿ䵽һֱûڵϣѻÿɳϣȻĴɳϣ§ס羶ǻţ˵ЦţҸӣҶҸӣ
Ȼεεģ۾ӽ࣬Ҷ˫ɶԣҲҸɣ
-ָߡ
Ӵӣһľ͵ǽְɣأͯѻúӴһǸװӯΪģ





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ֻǣӽ࣬һ죬ӣҲȥˣǲҲȥأ㣬Ѿµ裬һӣҸһ
գ黹һСʱͿʼˣͱˣѩ˵
ǰɣٻ˿żһڡ
죬Ϊ˽ǵһлƣ˵ɵŶԲнһĻǵģѡӣɲ͵ˣʡ²£ǣնҵƤ˵ֻһȴô࣬Һúɣ
գˣ˵ɣ˭ͷ
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˵ģͱһƯҲǳ
˭нƯأǣ콫һʱأȻ棬Ҿ浽װɣ̫˭ᰡ
ˣҪˣ˭۾Ҫðˣ
Ǹ˺ҵıһ㣡ʲô˼
ʲôԷŪˣҿɲԲˣҪöķʽİɣֲҽ飡Ӧҵ°ɣǣƫƫ˾úܺӦ˻ڣ
ʱҵģһһɣЦĺ档
лл㣡ȴ޵ϡﻩˣ
Ǽվ󣬱̫ˣӣɣվҵӴⶪ㣡׼ϣȥǱߣٺͻ϶ˣ
ѻú羶أһ°ɣѻûûأѩڷֲˡ
ˣѻǼһһӵģ
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Ȼһֱ˵ˣˣǣһҪռᶨ˵
ˣӴڽջķݶϣʹɣһң
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һͷ㿴˭ҵʱ򣬳ǰĲҶĳ棬ǣſڵķɣǱ׷ҹȻһǹİɡı飡
ȻⲻؼģؼӱɱĿʱ򣬿±򿪣߳һ˫ӰӣĿתǸСǸˣ
ʲôȻ˵ôӭɣ⳷ȥǸһսסһֻ羶ڻģҧгݵ˵ǣ˭ģ
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ѻþڴÿ·ңƿǲһ㣬ŪҶ֪ˣǣİɫʱסˡǵڶ֮ǰҲǴŰɫĳȺԶÿĵ·ҡһļǵãӲҵʱ˵Ļ˵͸Ĺ˵ȻˣҪץסץסˣһҲſ
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ʲô˼ѻŭĿӣԴһľĿ⣡
ֻܶʣµ±ңѾĿ⣡
ʲô˼ѻóһ˻һ
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ÿҲɣǰǸҵѻãɣˣ
²ʱֲԣڳˣǰʹɫ˰ѺҶӳ𻨵ѻְ˽ŵ˸ңӣɺȰұǺ羶ͷʲô룬Ҳ˸ɣ
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ܲʲôܱǿѻòΪȻƲƲ졣
ãҲأҪǾһɣ
羶һЦ¾ģǸȥģֲǹģ˭ְ֪˵ڴ֮ǰѻýڱǸ𣿵ĳëʶѻòˣǸǸѻòİɣ
찡ʱ쵽ˣ󿴹Ϸˣ˿ֻ
ҵĺụ̀ˣսˣҡҡҵĸ첲
СڣʦͷŪðɣҲżˡ
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ðɣһˣҺѻͬ˵
˳Ľţּ֤һԣǶʦ˵Ը⣬ָǣЦŵͷԺѻһվڽϣоҲղŵĲ죬ͳͳʧˣ
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ǣÿŮϣõ𣿡ӣɺʡ
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͵ˣǰãӦüһǾѻñ˵ôأ羶ҲҪҲŮѵĻ͸ϾʵһˣΪǱҵҪôţҪҪǹ
ʲô͸羶ĳͬķڼŮϹǵڼʲôУóѣ룬ǰٶԱŮж
ð˭˭ӸտʼͿҲ˳Ҿ죬ͺܵ׺ˣ
ˣˣ˭ҲŶڼ˶ڸߺ
ȷĿ꣡ҼѻһģǣϾĸߡҲһŮֻһ㣡ǰץסѻҲץס棡
һصƣ½ʱŷ֣߸Ьϸĸ߸ЬҾȻһʱôҪ£ôߣҷˣǰˣ





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ϣʱһģŲ˹ȥӲ˳˹ȥǶˣֱܵĺŵأòſ䣡ģŵؿշվȴؼ׵ĵطͣˣջӵĿ⣬ѻã
һһַסҵҪͻȻһƣ˳ƷסĲվվȺ־ץס˸ղҵλáû뵽ҲץĺܽҾûгûһãû񰡣
ǲ̫ˣҵģѻ˵
Ź֣ģҵģֽ˻
ǣҵѻõ˵
ǣ㿴ˣҲͬҵһ˻֣Ҳ˻Ρ
𶯣֪˭ôʶʱ񣬾Ȼʱ
׹һ۾̶ʧ۾ȻŰ׹⡣ȵȣҴˣǸǴ˵еӰʦڸʲôң֪ΪʲôþˣΪҶ۾ңӦûѻãǣǼĿ⣬αžĹ
ƣ죡һعͷԼʲôͣ§ѻõĲӣѻҵԹǣһ˻ڸɱʲô
ιҷӦ㻹Ӧ𣿲ſҰƬѵ
㲻ˤ𣿡ѻдʣ󣬷Ҳˣ
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ӣɣ˵ѻûôƬʵ᲻ƬƬϵһٸٸ˺ˣȻ˰ɣҷԼ
ӴϲѻõİɣӣϢƽ˵
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ʱţӭ˱ҵ񣡵ΪֹǼ˿ҵĿ⻹ǹĲУҺܶͶǡ
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ְ˵ɵҲôΪҲųΪְû׿ڸ˵ԣ鷢̫మûģҪϣ
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ιҪʲôϾҪϸ߷ˣ˪ӹĵҴ󺰡
Ȼӣˣæһ°ɣҳſڴ󺰡
վĸڵĹ˾ǰȴһ˲ˣ羶һҲڣϾҪˣҵһӣɣ˵ˣʲôңڣѻûңղ̫嶯ˣһϲһ˵ĸо
ǣ˽İʲôãΨУⲻѻõԭôһʲôأ
ѻãιѻã˭
ңңҵºţҪ㣡
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æȥɣѻöǸС˵ҸʲôˣָֻǰӣקͻȻû˵ˣ
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ңòһģֻ߬ҽҪ㣬ҷ֣ңҰˣǷıף
ȻأѻþȻûĴЦңжమأǺƽ񣬺һϵûУҰ㵽жమأ
ңҡҸ֪ˣֻܶ࡮2
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˭ˣ̰˭Ϊʲôٺæ׷ʡ
ӣɣΪҹȥ֪Ϊ˾ӣɣһĸԸʣΪܣһסҪô˵羶ǰ˵ʱҶѻжôҪ
Ϊң̰㣬һ棡˵ĺȻȻΪҵĵĶ࣡ôң
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ʲôĵأҶˣһǣЦ˰ɣ
֪ˣһʼ֪˽ԣŻӦŮѵģѻüᶨɡ
ǣô˵Ŀ˵˵ʵΣҾ֪岻ˣԣ˵Ǹףֻӽɹһ룡û취ܾӦصġڲҪˣӽİ취Ҳã
ʱһȺҽͻʿ֪Ǹӣɼʱ䡣Ȼһӣɵĸĸ˳ˣӣɵ軹δɣǣѻãȵϢϢ
ôôѾ˻𣿡ĸܲпʵֺγܵˣӽģͿûˣûˣ
ĸģӣɻûµģĲУҵģЦŸˮ
㣬ʲô˼üͷʣҲҺѻװɣ
ӣ࣬ӽģӣɣԣ֪ԼķһֱΪҲӣʱѡɱԼ׸ӣɣȫǵңֻЦǳԾĿ⡣ΪԸӣչڣҲ԰ҵӣɣҺӽ˫̥ãҲӦһʺӣɵģ
ӣ㣡ĸѾסˣƺǽܲˣ
ҽ˳ΪһҸҽᶨȥ˻ңӽһģҺӽĳҲΪ˾ӣɣȥܺãҲѻôţҲѹˣȥӽ裡
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ҪЩأӦûܿ죡ӽʱͺܿ죡ҳһ˿΢Цȴǰ˱ˡ
ҸӣɸĸǱ¸ӣɣ죬ѻò˵ôһ仰
οЦˣѻõ˽ңҸղߵ̫æûüЩ¡һæҲ֪µķӦ֪˭һ
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֪ˣȥԼæˣ㶼һˣ٣ӣɻһȥæ
Ҳٵģ㣡Цźŵ





˽

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лл㣡ҼſͣȻûߴ·澪ȡ
ӴѻúԤ׵סҵ֣Ҵ򿪵Ҵˣ
Уʲô𣿡Ҳ֪ĶĲסڲڡ
İİ𣿡ѻסҵ֡
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Ұ㣡һֱ㣬ȴ֪ǰְֺûü˵ġҰ㡯˪Ŀ϶ҷֵģҰĿƵǰûźˣģ룬ҶҰ˱ˣ֪ˣҰõĴ𰸰ɣ
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ǣѾˣѾˣҶ𣬺Լί
ѻ÷ſҵ֣øոҵ֣ҾȵĵһΪѻסң۾һΣֲȻĲӣȻһ㶣Ȼ󣬸ңҵһиӦ
ӴҰ㣡㣡㣡Բ뿪𣿡ѻӵڻ
ѻãӣɣӽԼİˣĻǺҸˣ
ӴΪԲҪ𣿡ѻõʹƵʡ
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ҵȥˣĻС˵ϣźã
ãɣô˵ǣѻҲûжط
ˣ㲻𣿡ҲȻûɿ֡
ڣʲôҪҪѻ̾һҵͷ
ԲѻãԲ𣡡ĻͣСظ仰
ѷ˶ˣЦŽǳԷҿгһĻҸһǺҸأ飬˾ǲ֪㣬ֻеʲôʧȥʱ֪ԭԼôУ֪ˣģ룬ӵУ
ϣĺ磡һ緹˵ϵķرóԣҾͺӶЦ
ʸ磡㴩·ʲôʰӾͱϳˣ˵ʲôҲҰˢ롣·ⶺ
СѾͷҲɣʶëҲ֡
ǣҮϢɣұֱ߲˵
֪Ůѣ趼ҪˣӳﺰһȢϱĸп
裬ô᣿Ŷݰݣʸһ۲뿪
ЦҡҡͷĴҲ֪мˣʱ洫һѻã
裬ҲˣҴЬԳ
ȥذӳ̽ͷ˵
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˭ţˣȥɣӣʸãʸ·ټ







ɳۣϸĿʻķ羰ΪʲôҪˣҪ뿪ˣ᲻ߵһأǰôûзأЩЦ
ӴˣǷϣԥ뿪ң𣿡ѻͣ³ȴֹҴ򿪳š
һԥǣκ֪Ҳף̲ԥһģҶ΢Ц֣ܿʵЦ
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У廹ĸһԡ
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ģӽԶֻһˣĻҾӽ࣡
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ǣǸӣɣҲӽ࣬ҿװӽһУģ˰Ҳ̵ܲĸ㣬Ҳ㣡ֻ˵ҵһѣҲŲ˺㣡
ѻʱһ·޴֪ʲôǣѹֵ㣬ЩҲ͵羰鶼ûˣ󣬳ͣҼҸС԰һ԰һ˶ûС
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ҪǿһͺˣѻÿңЦĺˣȴ˵ĺá
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һܣҲȷģ룬ҲԺѻõļҸһѽѻȥȡƵĹҵķ䣬Ȼô࣬ôɾӦÿ˴ɨɣ





ƵĽ

ôһͷʱ򣬿ѻú޵ǣϣ
ûͷߵͿҽӹ˵ǵҰ
Ȼˣѻͷȸɾһھƣû˲
ǰһڣ˵ҵû˻
Ǻǣ㵱ĸʱ򣬾Ͳһ˰ɣѻôЦҵǾ䡮š
ĸӦÿŮӵһõԸɣǣһлʵҲΪĸأǣʹΪĸ𣿲ᣡǣ˵ʲôֻͷȾưˣ
ǣǺȾƵĵطӿĵҵķˣȻӶһǣȻϲǣΪҾûбơô࣡ǣҾͻô࣡
ѻãûԵְǺǣҧǣɵЦš
ôˣѻڵϣڴϣԱߵλá
ڰԱʱҲ֪Լ㣡ҷֵʱѾҵˣŬӽ㣬ȴԶҲ߲ûȥԱߵλãڴϲ
ǰûԵѻõͷŴıԵ컨塣
ˣԵ֣ҹЦЦҲ
ҲûУһû߲ʰٺأѻָŴͷĶ˵
ٺϣҺӽĳܰĵһˣѻָķǼβƣ׵ĵɫϱ߷ֲų࣬ȣƣ̣࣬ɫ̨˸Ųͬɫһ߲ʵİٺϻأ
ҾһƷһ
ҺðԾƵƶɵģҷŶѻҲˣ
ʲôҵģƾ߲ʰٺϣҾ͵úȣŴ󺰡
ѻðݸң˵ĺȣҷûһɫսţаٺϻĵζѻ˱ҾſζУҸպȵɫѻĸɫѾȵˣ
ô˰ɣӴѻõ۾¹һɫʡ
ʲôһͿ԰ʣµɫȫȵһ˻γͷ˵
ȸưɣһƣѻ顣
ҿЩа΢ЦͷԹԵĽۣͷʣµľȫȵˣұ۾ʣµҾֿŨصİٺϻζ˹ȥ֪Ϊʲôȥһ̵㣡
оŴĻ񰡣һ֧Ŵһֻſձѻҫ
ǹŴĻһʲôأѻõ̽˹
ЦſĴҿžϵļβƱ˵ϣˤˣΪסˣȻҲ˴ϣ߲ʰٺϵȷ̫ˣͷĲУʶԶңϧûеȵѻõǣ
һǱ̫⻽ѵģμʲôÿζһˣ쵽˵ˣǰɣôûн𴲣ȵȣôˣ¸İɣ
ҵͷͻȻˣԣûжȥгҺãҼʱסԼͣûԼĸˣ
ģΣһΣôѻõĻĸ첲ңңǻܣһûѾƵԵʣһǣϺ̫࣡ɣԣŻƺԣ
ͷʹһҲңҲ֪ʱѻþȻˣ
磬簲ޣŬҪеط죬һȥ
ôѻò֪ңʡ
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ԲӴңѻóĬþòſڡ
Ҫ˵ˣסĴҲãĬʱҲ룬ѻãȻˣǣԼܸģˣҲڣҸԼ֣Ĵ
סͷҲ·ѻãǱҲ뿪ô뿪Ҳĵ뿪ˣң㣬ڣҲ㹻ɷ뿪ˣ





ǽɣ

"ôô"ӣȻ΢ЦŶףôû
Ǹǣ¶أΪûķ㳵ˣҲЦ˵˵ѵӡ
Ӵȥȡֽæվ˵
ɣֽÿ쿴ǸÿŵǸ
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ӣɣ쿪ţڽǳԷҷŵ뾪˭
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շңȥΪС׼ң˵ѻҪ˵һȥ鷿СҺܿɰССߣкС·ÿɰһǺСС˶ϵģ
ձǳԷأѻ˵£ǣǾû£ЦأΪջ֮һֱˣӲ³һ³ģȻҵıմĺòңǣǿǺҸӣЦĶÿģÿ֣
лл㣡ѻãҿȥķ羰죬ҲſڣպҲûźˣΪᣬŴȥİɣղڱңСһﻹأˣô󰡣Ϊߵҵˣ
ôеĸо˰ɣĲҪǵĺӣļ֣
Ŀ𣿡ջЦݣĿ
ָߡ
ף׵տ֣





ѻõļס

пʼʱʤˣҿķʱҼָղ̫רע飬˿쵽ѻüҵһŷ֣ͣѾҵ뷨Ϊұֵĺܻţһ߿һ߿ճһֻסҵ˫֣Զ壬ڳôСĿռ䣬ȻʩչôҲѲ
ҲȥվڳԱߣôҲ϶طҲ
ȥǱȥ߸ɴ࿸ȥٲȥѻһ׼ս׵ӣѾʼ°ӣֻҵĻˡ
ݣĵһۣٶſȥ
ܷɵĻŲôĻأȻûǴҲ֪ԼԶλôģôŤԶϴ
˼ף˵ģʶôãѾ˽ˣҪߣǿҽȥҪȾܣӲҽȥҪǻ͸ɴ࿸ҽȥҪǼȥͰҷֵĳǾǿЦǾģңҪǰ߼ŪȥҲǰ᲻ᣬµǣϴѾˣҲðˣ
ŮˣòˣˣףѻҾ˹
У˭Ҳ˸谡˵Ҳżûһ
裬㶼ӴزˣǼסˣѻͻȻһ䣬İɣôƻ
裬ǵģңʵѻһƴֻԼܱˣ
ģŮ̫ˣѻһ쵽羶ǸСѾͷҲңŮģھͲҵķϣһ°ұڻУ
裡ȴӴ¥ˣѻǰһ£Ҵħצ˳
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ҵķ䣬ѻתĹţͬʱſҡûУұͺסģŵһʧȥƽ⣬ҺҿɰĴסҡҪֻһ֧ڴϣ档ôӽͻȻҪ˵Ļ
ΪɴǵĺȥãѻõУβסķŭ
ѻã羶ǻкܶܶຢӣҳһ˿΢ЦΨһıˡ
ԣ붼룬;Ҫˣִƿûƿһ˿һȴ׼ȷץס
ˣǣһǾҪȻ΢ЦųԼ֡
ǵģҲ׼㲻ҪѻüӴһʹϴ
ѻãˣСƢˣ죬ҪˣʹҰ˶ڣ
ҿҲңģɿҵ֣Ȼ۾ٵӰҵһС磡ץϵͷĶǽǣͷݺݵıӵǽϣҵĽ¡
ôҪôܰѻЪ˹ŭţΪҵŮˣҵĺӣĻϣΪʲôΪʲôѻһ°ҴӴҡңþе
ΪӣӦûȥѻãһźȥõģΪһɰʹץĸ첲Լʧȥƽ⣡
˰ɣΪʲôһҪȥѻ÷ſң񿴹һĿңΪʲôô㣿ҵĵĿѻãҷˣҪˣðɣһһȥɣͷתҪ뿪
ҡε壬ҵһΪĻΪı֡ҵĵڻǷ







ѻã˵ʲôɵҪ羶ˣ飬ǻкܶСѻúС羶ҪΪҸˣôô˵˵ʲôģҷסҡε壬æ˵
֪ΪʲôôֲϷſˣΪ۾ңҵҸû磬˵ʵ̫ˣ
ѻãҾ
ģķŲˣ֪뿪ڣҵǷϣ֪㻹᲻뿪֪ҷѰټҵ֪᲻ӣһңɵɵĿǲǶӵĿ£ȻǵžϿεѻãˣҲҪ𰸣Ѿûκˣ㣬Ҿ͸ߺˣңǿˣѻҵ֣ת뿪ӣûȥΪҲ֪Ӧ˵Щʲôˣ
Źϵͬʱҵ˴ϣӦô죿Ӧôźãӽ࣡ҲìܰҲҵҲ۰
ǺǣԭӦ밡Ҿ˵ʲôҰʲôޣĶôһɫֻҶѣںҵѻãôأЩĸôأ
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ΪʲôҪμǵĶ簡ѻú羶ٺѩ׼ϣܺٻʺ˪Ǵ֣Ҫü嶩飬ԽԽԼˣ
Ҳ֪羶үүô£ʲôͻȻЩʣ羶ҽԺҳԾǣǼȻڶǰһſͶָЩ²ӦЩǰ
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Щ̹ȥˣһסò׼˶ϵ羶˵ϣ촩ҵϣңѻ迴ҴӣĴ𣬴˵ִͲòˣļǴŶǴǳСѼˣξǻҹ乫ŪļߵĿƮǧǿѻǸˡˣǵģһ磬ôôߣ
Ų̊ʲôȥѻݸһ֭
û˼ؼǶߺĿ⣬ԣ͸͸ؼǣǳ˫ɶԵ裬Եĺܶ࣡
ɵѾͷﴵ磬ǻðģѻߡ
裬ôӴһ𣿡ѻú羶˹ٺǵİְĸˣȥ֣Ӣˬӣҵ΢µ
ˣþòˣǻӣǵ׼ʶͲˣŮ˵˵أѻٱһ£ҳһ˿΢ЦǻӦ
ˣȻүүˣǲǺþò𣿡羶Цѻĸ첲
УǸһһģ粻أףѻĿ죿
裡ѻÿһɵĿ⣬һ֣ʾ⡣ˣӴĸĸҲˣǱߣ㲻ȥ
תƻⰡְֺսҾͿˣ˵ǣְһңͷˣ迴˿ңֿ˿ְ֣⼸״󣬸Ͻ׷ȥĴڰְֵߣҲƵһԭ
ģأѻȻϵˣĴš
Ǳߣѻָָһֱ͵ȴӵķλ
ѽŮҽһȥѻҡ
裬ңҲȥȥĻ̫ˣ
ȥɣãҲӴĸĸأ羶һ˿Ҳ΢Ц
ҲãºӴ˵أѻõЦҲܾʲôϲҪ





ЩӵЩ

ѻһԸӣ˿ңֿ˿ѻãǺ羶ˣƽѻº˵ʱһѻ費ţҲҪһ𣡿ǣβУѻҪȥĵطѻҪ̸Ļһٱһǧԣֻ£ν̣
Ȼһϲѻ¶һʷ΢Ц
˰ɣЩӣѾҲٵľûϲ
㲻ҪҲҪѻýĲһֱЦвĻҲ˵ôģҲԣ˼ҵĶ
ʱͣˣѻǰ棬֪⼸ô£ѻöҲģҵĹԹԵģģקģҶԺϲݰˣǣʲôӰô࣬Ҫˣ
ѻð̨ԱߣҲȵȣʲô
ҵ˵һȫˣһѻþʱסҵ֣ģͻȻһһӶſһȻһą̂ϣվһ˾ǡ
ӭҵĵǺŶҡֶӵļ嶩磬ǴѧѣȦĶأ˵ˣǳ˵죡
ڰУ˵ĸйٺĸоѻǰңʲôЦ̨ȥ羶Ҹʲô
ֱֶԼҪˣĶԣΪһҺѻãҴķӦѻþһңҷӦʱѾ̨ˣ̨ǺһƬ֪羶棬ôһ飬᲻һã֪룡
ѻãǸʲôֻʡ
ľϲѻһ΢ЦһСĻشңҪ㶩飡
ˣ羶ô죿ŬĶ̨΢Цȴڿޣ
Ҫȥô죿ŵͷʲôҵ©һģѻãҲӣ
ۣѡôôŮ˧磿˾һڣҵľ͸ˣ벻ǵʷʲô
˾ǣӦ˵СܰɣͷŹǰɣѻòҵĽţȻ˾гˣ
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ǣ̨ףһƬҴĻ˾ǵĻѻõľıã羶Ǳã֪ôͲ֪أûκ˸ңǣҲ֪ɵɵĿѻã⿴ҲڹƣǰɣҲ֣
ǸоʶˣΪǣѻúʹĿ⽻ڣʱͦģΪ⻮үүҵڻһҲıɫʱ޾ͻͦǮأȻں˵ͬëǮǣǲɵģرɴĳˣ
ʱѻÿѧУϴŶɲǺǵģһ仰ȫУ˶صģ׼ϣ죡
ʱҺϵˣѻҲǶϵʱ򣬸ŹǺΪ֪ѻõԸ񣬸֪ǳҪԣ涯ǾһʰٺôҲˣʱʵҲŵأ
ǣҵԸĿɹ֮ĳ΢Ц
ԣҲžѣѻ÷ֵ
ҲĽ˰ɣǺǣþʵĹ°ʱһ˲ٵ飬İԽԽİɣֻǣˣ˾Ц˵





Ϊѻõδ

ȫ·ڣῴ羶ѻ裬ְֺı飬Ƴҵĵ⣬͵Ц߾ȣǣӭҵȴһһƣҷ
ʱ򣬴۵СŹ̿ÿһԵԱ߶ͣһҿ˿Ǹ˴ɫë棬׺˿ߵĹ棬ֻɰСܣһβСܣһȹСĸܣǻһöָǶָ
ҪѶԷܲ͸ϿС˾Ǳ൱˷ܡ
ѻãҪңһǻ뿪ģҿСʣҪ𰸣ֻ֪Ҷһԥѹ뿪ѣ
ӴȻҪߣһݵ㣬ȵ±ҲԣѻЦҵ֣ǣЦôıˣ
棬ǵڶŮרӡǣ˾ЦŴĺ
ѻãҲԺ㣡ӦҸս֣˳ĸҴϽָ
ҪҸ쿪֣ΪڵҾͷǳҸסˣ
ΪѻõЦһ̸ıˣҸأҿɵˣѻãˣһϵ۵ĳʱϵôģ
ҵ֣ڻģҿҴöСôεסңһ̿ʼҾֻˣܶܲˣ
ѻãҿô˽Ŀס𣿡ȻЦǣȴˡ
ӴԵģֻѻãѻҵ֣Լ͵ҵǰҸһ̣ô
ǵŮӣǰշкӴϣóɵĽָӴˣΪ£ٷߣ˾Խ˵Խˣ
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ӴҪôֻ࣡Ҫ㰮ң͸ҴϣڣÿʲôЩ죬һֵѻȻ΢Цôţ
ʹŻе΢ЦٴΣҾμӽ΢ЦЦҵֲٷҲٲ֪룬ٹ㲻ǰһ¸ҵĸˣΪȷҰǰˣôô
ţ˵ǸˣǸһ֣֪ʲôǿֵˣ룬ʱôǸӦΪ˵⻰ʱҵԺ˳ֵЦǰѻã
أǣ׼ǵŶкǣҪߣǵδ޵ϣһ׼ĵطһڣ˾ô
Ӵ۾ϣѻϸĿ˿ңͻȻ΢Ц
Ҳʲô˼ΪʲôͻȻת䣡ǣȴʶһһ˼ʱ۾ѾԹԵıˣϵһ˲䣬Ȧת˰ˮѡоѻõĽӽʶĶһ£ѻסҵ°ͣǲɷ˵ӡ
Ҿȵ۾ѻ۾Ƿߡôĺãƹ˸ңӽ᳡һЦˣĵ׵Ц
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ôˣǼղʲôע⣬ĿҲ˹
ҵͦ׼ģôˣ˾ǴȤ˵
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ǵһᣡѻõ֣Ȼסҵ֣ᣡҴû⻹õζˣЦŶ˾˵
˵ˮ˺ҸŶٻЦˣף΢Ц
Ҳ˵ܰŶѩҲƤĶգգ۾
˵Ŭûа׷ŶҲһ䡣
ˣǶɹΪ5δףɣ´ټʱ򣬾ǻˣ˾ǵķӦͦ





ʵ֪

ֱ̨֮Χˮйͨǵʺ˪ŹǱã
Ƿ˰ɣ˪һ̱档
羶ôѻõıˣôûһ˸ңҵһӦʣ
ǺǣҪܺô𣿡⻰ʲô˼㰡벻Һ˪ʡˣ˪ѩǺѣǵ˭ǺҲǶʱʧ٣ǼҪһˣʵıǺ£ѻͦң۾ǣ羶ıãװ£
Уͼ˵Ҹ˾Ϳˣһһң
ô°ɣѻЦҵ֡
ȺϢ⣬ͻȻڲԶѻõ裬羶Աһˣȥȴôɣ۾ȫǲ˵Ķ־;⣡Ӧþ羶үүɣѻ軹أ
⹫ϱѻЦŶǸ˵
Ұְ֣羶ĹùãСò˵ŶѻƲϵ
ѻã㵽׶˶ˣѹŻʣѻ趼ˣ
ߺ󣬻øҵҵģ˵³֮󣬻˶ܿѷȫרԽøˣϽѻãװŮѣҮ羶Ц˵ܳԾɣҵעŶľϲ벻أ
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ǣҪȥְֺһǺ°ǣѻȴҵȴִȥԶԶĿʺ˪Ҳڣʶѻ㣬ҲԭɣߵǰְֲſңҪߣ
֣ʺһס
ҵģǣڼǰҽѻãǣѻҳڿԽ𣿡ѻõЦϣƤңŮͨԵģСӣ
Ҽ㣬ҼǵãڴƬҲУְ̾˿ˣʲôܽеģ
֣Բûǰһ£ѻ΢ЦĵǸ
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⺢ӣʹһѻãһ䣬ҪסͺãҪס뿪һҲͰˣѻõЦңϲְôеĺ˵
ְ֡ǣȴܣĺѹ
ˣˣˣ㣬н࣬ĵطûãҲȥģǲǱȥһѣְվ䡣
ƹһͻȻְֵͷ˺öడڷ污һ㣡ǰò˶ãֿһԲˣ
˪ʸúõչ˰ְֺ裡ң֡
Ӵ˵ʲôһܱģʲôᣬ޿ɴģ˪ץסҵ֣æ˵
ģʸģǺģ֪ģУҺŬ΢Ц㻹ûҽһɩأǣȴˣɩӣһжˣ
ҵĶ磬ĽˣЩҸһˣң֪ˣ
죬һǻصѻüңڴǰ̧ͷǿգе·̫ˣǶȥˣҹ˵ʱʹף֪ӽ裬ǿҽӣⱲϲˣ
죬ѻҲˣҿĻܰܰţоȫܷɣӣɵĸоһѻõĻзգ
ѻã㲻Ŷ֪˶ãҲСЦˣ
Ŷѻ§ң°͵ҵͷ
㻹аˣ߲ʰٺô£ҽô£˲䡣
СѾͷ㶼ʲôҵĻѻòŲæʡ
ûң߲ʰٺϲҵͷĺһСңûлУŮÿµ٣սҽȴһˣⳣʶһеģ©̫ˣ





֪ˣ

ǣѾˣѻЦĺᣬ˵³ϵɣ
ѻãĲʵʲôҲûеõҽ˽ץ·֡
ᰡѾҵδˣһܺõݵ㣡ѻõЦˣѹ֣ŮϲˣҲ֤㰡羶ңںҵʱ򣬵羶˵㿴¶ʱ֪ж༤Ҽ̳嵽߰§ڻ
ڲ𣿡ҵЦݲԾӡ
룬һ̣Ҳſ㣡ѻüӴ§ҵȡ
ҹ˯ĺ죬Ҳ㣬Ϊѻңڰ˵Ļ˯ģܾã˯ȥҲǺõģ
ѻߵ죬ңѻ͵ģ羶ǸСѾͷ˵þûһˣǶϾʹɻˣ
Сþͽˣѻѻȥͣʱҵ˵
裬ңҿܻṼģ˵Ϊ֪ѻø٣֪֪ľô룡
ʲôѻЦЦҼǵãҸ㣬ѻõʱ㻹ŽһأеڻأΪδĶϱ㵽ˣ
裡ǰˣ㻹ʲô˵ʱֻǾȣû뵽Ӧˣǣ裬Ҳ֪ѻøûңһǻߵģ
ѻȫˣѻƽ˵ĵ£µģһֱңģ
ɻˣҺѻԶԶĿţֱɵǿĵطΪһ壬ΪһСڵʧ
ҲȥĶɣѻŷɻʧĵط˵
ѻãһǶ㣬ģЦĺܵһ
ôҲɻˣôѻóճյţôרע
ãĦ־ͺˣĶ˿ʹ˵һ죡Զһֱܽңѻãһһֱߵģ
Ӵ˵Ķԣֻȥסһʱ䣬˶ãҲȥˣҲûʲô˵ˣѻҵ֡
ѻ⼸æרķ飬ǵС˶æתˣҵɣȥ˪ɩӼҰæʱѻһЩ㡣һÿ춼ӣ̴绰ӣɵ졣
죬Ǻѻö֮İ£ӦҵҪҪʹҹ궩뿪Ǹ鵥һֱղȻһеǰǣӣںܺãûж񻯵ļ
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ӣɣˣ߹ȥſˣ
ҿÿ춼ӵ绰ͬһ룬ˣӣɽ˽·ǵͷңҲúܱŤ
㵽׵˶ã·ĲǺܶ࣡
ԭѻüңסﰡҲԣǶѾô֪Ҵҡڵļ嶩˱ֽ͵ӵģôһûйϲأӣɳһ˿޵Ц˸У
㵽׵˶ã֪ں𣿶ˣҩ˯𣿡ôôϧԼע壡
ѾˣαػأΪʲôӣΪʲôÿ绰Ϊʲô㣿ӣı۾
Ҳ޴ıΪŮѣȴѻöˣǣʱҲ֪Ҫô˵Ҫô͸
ǽ˵ɣ̫ˣҵ壡֪˶ˣ
ˣֻ˵ҪΪһĵ²ģӣ̧ͷˣȴ˵ôһ仰
ô֪ģ˭ģҽŵ׷ʣô죿֪ˣ





ҡڵ

ұ̣ӣ̾˿Ӵ˵ĶԣЩӽҸҲҸΪӽû뿪ңһֱҵߣԣɴӽһˣҲҪģӣ˵ߡ
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ôӣɷסҡ
Ҳӽô㣬ôȥˣôӽཻҴӦģúչӣɵģ
Ӵӽ¾ͽң֮ǰҲ뷨ӣ˵
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רˣѻûĺ磬ҵܾȣΪÿûȸңҲǣҳȥҪҿһ
ѻãæ꣬ӦϢһ°ʲôôҪiһҪ쿴ɣ
ۣңʱôҪúÿһÿһУѻ
Ķ԰ҵʱǺ޵ģ
ܣȰ۾ϣԹԵѻһ±ҡ
ʲôҸҪϵ۾ŵˣ
۾ȻҾˣѻýƻЦš
ƲƲ죬ǣǹԹԵı۾ѻõİ취ֻһƫƫҾУѻʵ˰죬ҾԲʲôôذҶʼˣ
˵ôأΪкܳһ·ҪߣҪұ۾ߣưСʱᵽˣڣҡ
𣿿۾𣿡Ϲӿɲһ£
ˣѻһӣӴӦüˣ
㣬ȥӸղſǾңҪĪӴѾϴֲˣˣ
ܸоɱˣæƿǰĴţҽȥģʲôҲûУ·ûУôߣѻõǺ̹Ȼ§סҵļ򣬹ŵͬʱˣ
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