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001˫ر
һϮŵİɫż䵭ŵ÷ȵ˲Ӯһգ˿ 
һ÷ӣյǵ͵Ķ֬ϻһžӨ飬 
ȴûһ˿Թ

յһ˫ַСǰʧŵźĴ۵˫˴ǡ 
Ϊɷİˣ

ѾҲĶ̷һü߸ߵȴ˵һ仰

ڲӵűӵס˵ŮӣǱȽû׵ǿɬЦ 
˵õɡ

컵Ŷ֮صڶϣϢþòȥ

Ϊʲô?ţûаԹѹ۵Ĵ³֡

ΪʲôЦһԳȻĽһص·ϡҪ޸ҵ 
㻹ôĵȻĺܡ

ΪʲôڵõȻĻش峺һ˿Ĳ⣬Ȼ

ѿĽڱоȻţڿЦЦһʱ֪Լ 
ˡ

Ǹļ˺ԼһҲó졣

ȻأȻЦЦڿ۳ӵĿƣܶĻ

򴽲ϵĶһĿЦЦĿǴиӵġȻˡ 
Լ˵Ȼǿ޵ĸˣûȥ

ֻһЦЦһ˳ſڣǺɫɵĺôۣ

һЦܽ档ţǳμʱ򿡺иж 
ġҲǲĵĻһЦ

⻰ȴ˷̡

ɶȶϡİϻʱſסŲߵǰȾһ 
ĺ÷һЦ촽΢ףǡ

˻ظԼı飬Ҳ˵ЩʲôſնЦЦ 
Ļš

ֻǲԼĸԼҲղŵһֻλðɣ 
ˣô˺Լأ

ĺʹ






002Ʈǰ
ããȻڽϣԼǿųЦЦĿĵվⴱĽ 
İ·ǰֻһжЦˡ

ڿվǿһǿյ¶̨ϣ˵Ů 
ȴɾȻԼɵɵںǻ֡

ЦЦмЦһΣҲһΣľѾǱ 
ˣԼܱС

תįıӰʮ·תȥһͷıܷأ

أ

߳

Ҫ

ЦЦ

صԼģûоʹԼܿһ÷ţ 
ĺѤճ˵΢Ц

΢գĽëס˲ֵߣǰˣĻԼǵú 
оȻĳ

ǶûԼģЦЦǹµһˡ

۾ɣһЦȴû¶ȵڶߴЦЦüǺѵõ 
أ

΢Цײ˵ȷѵãÿ˶Ĳ

òҲһƤҰˣαִأﾡ⣬ЦЦ 
˸ս˵

Ŭ˫ȴ˸ɻİķﴫ̴ζҡҷ 
ԶһλзζŮӣĵ۾ȴź⡣ 
ɫͿʽͷЦЦûпķ١

ѰһԴֻһӰߺЦȴĮȻġ

ûһ˿ĵӡ

Ȼ򵥵Ļش֪̫࣬ϷͲˡǰ 
ָŹڵϵŮӰܿҪˡ

ͷЦЦĿŮϣһϮȹڴԼӡżϸķ÷ 
ǰҲǰ÷֮

ûӰԭһͻ˵ɣ







003ƹ
ɨһǰĸˣŵŮЦЦϸĶ˿ţԼҲ 
޷գͬȴʩɫ糯ϼӳѩسݣ 
ˮü£ν续ⲻʶǰɣ

µòǵ︳ģ֮أҲ֪󹬼ǧݵ 
ŮΣ̴ūˮӲ˲ĸס

϶ϲ¼һĺáɵĵȴĹŵŮ΢

Ҫ˵Щʲôֻǰ촽

ĸԵƵĹҩָУڸǲһ˿ 
ıͷ

మӣֻҪͷҩɻա̾Ϣһ̧ 
ḧųµҪμģеıʹ˵ǶŮ顣 
þȥһ˴˹ɽ⡣

ûаôԵĺأ

ડˮڹƶڷĳϣܿ챻Ƥ˽ȥһ 
㿷ݣ

Ļסѵĳ£ԼһжΪŮá

Թ˽ԱңʶζȻࡣ

ҧ˵촽ϺɫѪҺˮֻȻ֬ʧȥ˹ʣΨ 
һľһͷֱкĳˡ

ڲܵˣѵĿĸ׵ĻµӽĻ¡

¹ЦŶվԼԵĳ֣ӰЦЦ档 
˵ĺЦЦ

ͷǴкµɫЦЦһĵȻ

ΪĹûƽ⣬ºĲңֻǻл 
Ը𣿡ܲ˵ԼŪҪ͸λɣ

޿ЦЦ˵ĮȻ

޾㡣ʼ硣

ӰҪ˵ԴԽɣȴƵͬʱֹסȵȡ

һЦ¿ڵɡоԵˣοǵĹȣ

й©ŹӰЦһ







004
Ȼ꣬Ͷ̥ѡЦЦһıû˿ 
ĿͣǰϣľһǺܱݵİɣҲ˺ 
ʹζڡ

飡Ц˵ţӰʼĩ˵ļЩҪǻ 
ҪεĽˡһ̯Ϊ״

ôڰ㣬ҪĿ㡣ҡס

ԸЦЦĬ˵Ӱһ 
ΥȻɡļޣʱ䲻ɲϡ

áöŮԸΪԼٶһΣӰ˵ļ 
ÿ˶ġ

໥ӵŵ꿴ű˴໥ĴԽǰϾɵİ壬 


νʼ𣬲ܶǳҲЦЦҲգȻĸע 
Ҫ˸аɣ

˴ȻһЦҲףڳµЦЦĸ׵ 
ıԼҸǸİδһȥĵ

֪ԼĵǶģЦЦԭԼ帽ȥ

һεεˮϣȻ󱻸ɿȵմЦЦŬҪۿ 
Լ磬лԼġĸסȴһķ϶ 


üĵͺһʹٴε˯˹ȥʱѾɵˡ

֫ϮյĴʹҪֱˮȣɺɳĮĴ˿ 
ʹ˻Ƶĳ

СϱһСӰÿɳϲıڼЦЦһ 
̻ļС

Цһ˭ڵȰɣ֪ǻʵ۷εķӦ 


ŽɢܵһвӣԵڵϵѾԡ

ĺÿʣԺ󾭳ҪԵҪƽĲſԣ




005ظ
ʻЦŵ׷ţĺܻأҹΪү 
СȻǸ߹ĺܣǼòߵѾЦЦҪЦһ 
¿ϧܡ

ڴԽ֮ǰ֪⸱ƤĳªˣԾյʱǱһ 


뱻ԼŻȥˣЦЦˡ

С㡣Щ³ΨһûȥѾЦЦÿÿԼ 
ʱ¡

ˡΪصЦЦǰǲˣ 
Ǹ͡

ǡΪ˵ţʶһҴڼ 
ҵõĹȥʽ

ٴԭŵҲ΢΢ı仯ţصޡ

һȹذȹǶ÷ȴ˽

Сںδһ̵ˣ˹Ҳ˹֮ 
⻹ܸܵĵǶеĽ

ǰˣƮŵĳԺֳֽȵҲǿݡ

ֻϵһ壬İѿǾһֵġͳ 
ݱֺࡣ

СĻû˵ͼЦЦȥˡð

Ȼһڵĺζ֪ðͱ˵

λǴѣ˹ĵŲͬǾЦЦ䴩· 
ЦЦĿûԼģŵ

᲻˵ģﻹǴԼ·ɣȰȴֻһ 
С㲻ôԼ·𣿡

ͺȣƢһ̰ɣЦЦϣ 
һЦݣֻ֪˿ȡҳк£

ݣЦЦϣŮͷιȥ

һ롢룬ЦЦﲻͣţɽ黹ûлػǱԼ 
ģŵ˰ɣ

һЦ֪˵ԼòĿҪʱջηӦ 


òظҲüǵóµǡչ˫ۣӽ΢ 
ӣϤܰзһ

ֻ嵹صЦЦһЦֻ֪Ҳˡ



006˳
ûִ豸һеҲģپݵĸоЦЦһֱ׷Ѱġ

鷿ﱾҲ̤ģ뿴飬ֻǲ뷿 
潥Ĵ죬ֻʹĶѡ

ԼĺϲԵɣҪԵǸЩ

ĸѸ׼õĴͼڱƳº˹ƶ֮Щ𣿲 
ݸһЦ̱

̧Ծۻַ棬ƵҲأ˻ٵһžյҲûıʲô 


ЦЦԼ־Ҳ˰ɣǳ£ǳΨһĺᣬ 
Ŀδһ֮

Ƶе黭ԼмʱһӰɣѧϰ鷨 
͹עôһ˵

кīڽ׵ֽī㣬΢˳

Ǵ𣿡˲·˻֪Ѿ˺һˡŲ 
ֽδ̧ͷĳʵ𣿡

ûʻȴõ˳һ֮˹ȻǺɫ֮

˻࣬¶ųʵұ֮ظΣ

˺һڽ֮ǰ֪˳վ֮£ļ𺳵Ĳ 


Цһݶ˵ĸԳºѰģ

ذɣһˡ˻Լ˴ۡ

»ǻҳɣû뿪ǰȴڰͣšǺα 
أ

ǣҲְ֪ɣĻᶼûС

ϣȥ԰ϰְ

ôҿһ˾һ𣿡һòƺζĿǵ 
лл

һϮϵөɣ˰޹Ŀʹ͸ 
ϧҲ

þõûµĻֱһж֮ӿİ鷿Ŀ 


ûдµļһĶԳɣܱǸǳ£ֻ 
һλˣ





007
ۺεأԶػų£ת̤ȽĲ˳ȥ 


еĳ񾭱ˣµĿ״εסӰһϴ 
볤һͬƮ䣬ϥ·ӭŸ͸¶⣬ε۾

ķʽ˵Ʈݵĺܣȴ˼˵Ӣ

ֽϣԺ﷭ڵǸʹ˵ˣٺںڵ 
̷̲Ŀ

ڱţĴԽȴһŷģǷݿҪ

žű߿ˣһĨ̵Ӱ߰ſڴ¿ģȴҲ 
ĳڳƵҲֻǸϵˡ

ǶܹԼأ

ĵȺ˵ǺԼСģֻԭĳºԼ 
һԸȥ

һֻбѩҶߴż˿ȻɣǻĵĽ 
˼ֵ欣ɨĶüҵǸ߲˵ĵطֻǰ 
Ҫѷɫࡣ

ؽǰ뿴ݡ֮ģɣҪʧˣ²˲Ļ 
ǱӵĿ⣬˾Ͳںˡ

ѽأ״ǵĻ˲ܺӡ

һЦЦͻȻΪȥĳ¸еЩıˡڶļͥ 
ˡأ

Ȣ޵˫ףȰĪд𣿡˶ԳŮ 
ò˿ȴǶԳЦ

ųĳµһЦǻ˶˭ǳ㵱㣡² 
ȫö𣿡

ݷĲײ޲ǰ˺˳νĹ

ղųʫΪǳߵҶֻܽųµֶú 
֮ڳҵĵλȡĴС㣡

δʺϣҵĻʵ۽Ҳڣν³ 
գ¸ǵһŮ

ɶʲôҪŬҲЩȴֻ±˼š





008

ԭöԳδΪģҲá岢 
裬ڲܱᷴġ

ùһchunͼ׼ȷĶ˳Цɣõʤ 
һǡ

ζһ¼粿˶岻ãϦɢ֮һ

ߣ»Ӷһ䣬ֵгҪ 
һĻٲѪȥף˺Լˡ

ʹʺĵطɣָĻ̫أµЦԼܰ 


ӶĲű»ĺۼͻȻЦͲȥķ俴һأ 
ȻȿɶԽĵ˻治أ

ŶϷɿڣºγϲб˵ζÿ飬 
¾ͿϷȥˡ

ٲȥЩ˲ǣǶǳѾɣ 
ֽ˺һ顱ǲû

ʾ˲Ҫ̧ڸһΡ׵Է

еļһζζڴǰ꿪˰ 
ɣ˴ΪζǶļʢС÷

һ֧ܣ뽿С׵ĵľֻһ˿Ƶ·ˡ

ý߳°ɣѾʺڹ͢ϿҵƮУ 
µ΢΢һ

Ǹŵû˾ȻǺҲ

΢࣬뿪ĴܹһЩ򣬵ȫٱͿ 
С

ɫŵһŮĳˣôԶľ뻹ܸܵ 
ɢĮԭǾŴ

΢תǽǱϹϾӰһĳڳҹȻǵ 
׺ԼзˣΨһжҲֻҪ¹ƶԭ 
ʲôأ




009Ȼ
ΪүĿӦƽռ𣿡˫ֿϥ䣬ׯĳ 
ЯζЦ飬ûвмһ͵ġ

ˣΪүķ˲أҲΪģ𣿳΢Ĳ 
⡣

ֻıһʼյʹŵͷѹõĸˡ

˵ŵԾ˵ĸٹ̣ɼˡ

ҲΪвװɣЦӰȥ֮ɫȻ 
ذɣ

ˡҪ˵ʲôȴȥ鹪֮ȥ

վԺеĳתȺŽ飬һ˫˫ԡ

ᳶų°µȹڣɢŵ㷢ҲƮţֵĳƻ 
ȴͻأ

ճյŽǧԣڳĨɬЦ֮վû˵ʲô

űʹȻȥ¼ŵıӰдį

ĺܰ°ɣϧڵĳ²ܸκεĻӦˣٶ 
˳µߣٻʱһ

֪ԼݣĻҪ˵ڶΡľ棬ֻ 
һó˵ϡң

ãүĶӣյ΢΢Ĳţȴɵᵽ 
δʯ

ҵжٵܣϲ¡ɣã

ǣص鷿ǰĺ¿Ŵ 
ˣеıȴܵĵ

֮ҲᱻΪװɣ

¼Ϊĸպо֮𣬱óߵ¡ų 
ʾȥ̫

ҵ˶йأЦҲûЦջأѾԼ 
һӦǲ˰ɣ

üĿˬͿ֬ϸʧΪ湫һλ

㡣΢ȵĳͷˣ

˵ĶԣδľеĻ֦ȥǺ˵Ŀգ 
ζأ




010ʮԲҹ
Ȼˣ״к𣿡˵֮ĳĬ

ֱۣ֦ŵ淢СĿԽ˳ǽֱЦҡͷ

ԹŶޣ

̤żĿбӵ˳ǰӯӯ°ݡ

վôò𣿡ǹػĻ²ûиܵ¶ȡϮˣֻ 
ʷĻš

ʹ滨ݣ¶޻𣿡ţĿų֧ 
һ۵Ĳл

Ľ֦͵ߣﵭĺ⣬Ϊһֵ֦ԭ 
Ȼ

ֻŮẦĻҲʧɫĵ㣬޹ڳ 
˵ϣûԹֻһƬĮȻ

˸ŵ˳ƽʲô𣿿ϧǳҲ֪ 
ˡ

̧ڳ˵ǰͣ£ֻǸſݡ

ĺأ˵һֵ֪мƵ 
أ㱵翷Ƥûޡ

¶ỽ΢üͷܶû˵ʲô

ŮˣĸסȻһǾݵϵĻ֦ 
ɵһЦպĸŮҲǾ˰ɣ

ű΢ĳĹĴϡ

ܺãոµҪĹζ÷ƽѩ

ʹڣµĺˮƤȫȻˣ˿̵ĳǱͣ 
Ǳ˺ҧʹӵܡ

ֻĸз֮ʹ

ҧ´һѪӡӦȻϵ˿Ҳ

ǹĹϵʶʴӳеһƬ¹





011ˮ
紵һصȪˮٲйײˮǹּ䴩ţ 
ﾽߵƲ¶ţߵĵóˮӵӨ

Ǻһݺ쳹˼žĿռ䣬һȴԶŮЦ 
ö

ƵˮĻһĨ欣˦γĻȣεεˮҲӨ 
Ĳ

ϸ֬ļ米¶⣬عĨǳǳ¶ѩĵsuأ㷢Ķ 
Ȼġ

е¶ʣŮӽЦεڳˮ벻á

ˮرǰ̻luţٵ̰㿡ʱһĨ 
΢Ц۾ϬĶŮ綢һ㣬ߵ 
ɢεĹ⻷

µҰݣϢǱˮС

ֻһӰٳˮʱ

۾ԼӣŮŵЦûŮ 
ɫϣźĦġ

ӻеˣﲢһ˿ĵط˭Ҫ 
崿ģȼˡ

棬ˮַȥ˿ñ׼Ĺû谭ĳ 
ǰˮ۾ΪڴԼתţóһ˿ͣ 
ż㡣ıǲ۴ָĴ¸˷Ӧ 


ö˵Ҫ

ַŮӵĺ󱳣⻬Ĵǲ˿ĨԵð¼ˣֳһ 
ࡣ

˻һŮӻԼӣǾȵ棬˵һ 
ЦĻ䣡ҪѾԼġ

滹ܹأӽüһסŮֱĴѹ 
Լķ

ӲǵѪõһĴıԹ޹ǵСֽǸ 
Ļסӵ

ǣסŮӵ֣Ȼϲ˵ĺǸӻĺø 
᲻áǺܺĶأyuĴŮӶϵȴ 
һĨ⡣




012

𣿡ŮུĿȥֽ˵ǸĳΪʧ 
̵ó󣡡

һˮٴЦתźơ̹ȻԶûʲ 
ô˵ġ

ƺһΨһҲжȥЦЩȣһӽŮ뻳 
򰶱ȥ

𣿡ұϵŮӾĿȫluoˣ貵Ӳϵ 
ǡ

˭ġŮӵᴽŮմһ⻬һ 
Ļᣬ˵ѵĳԼûжǿԱ 
ڶǳxingȤ

ŪҲˡ˵ţŮͼŲȴ˵һyin 
ޣ

ƣľͲҪҪݻˣŮӵ˫ϷŮӵľһ 
·¿ҧķۺ죬ĺۼ

ţʹŮŤӣֻ/ѡǵֻҪͻ 
ºۼ˫ȣϧ/ʵ𣿡

ʹ촽һŵĺۼôиϾ˵ĸоû 
ٶŮӱ㱻һϮʹȡ˼ά

ָӶۣ˵Ϸʵĳɷռࡣ

Ҫҡڵ˵yuǰ룬ԭŮӳͷ 
뷨Ҳ֮ʧѸٵΪԼŮˡ

˺ѵĸоϮŮӣüһţҲҧ˳ݺۣС 
ȭĴ˵Ĳʡʹ

ΪŮӵ飬аȵһЦ̧ˮʱһĲȻ 


ȥ³ĶԴ飬̫û׼á

ɡպϸ߳ʹĻ̿֡һζһŮʾ 
ȴһİŮӣЦŮǲʵǲһİ 


niԭʼĺ/ӳ˱̲ǿա

chunδ˵ĺΣ˵ĿָԭŵϷʡ֪˭𣿡

žߵˣŮ۲תҧ촽ֻǵ³һ䡣 
Ů𣿡




013ʹ
΢ЦȴЦɭ

ֹŮӵʵĸһ죬Ȼ󲻴¶ȵֱֱĶŮ 
Ŀģ

üƺǺֻܶԸһ𣿡

ЦһȻǸϼһŮˣŮûбƿֻ 
ɨŮһۣʵ˭

ЦЦŮֱĻشü漴һܣ̫ǵЦЦ˭ˣ

㲻ճ֪ŮӵĹоЩϲġ

ҽЦЦͻȻͷۣǻشţԼЩʲôҪ 
ϴ衣

˲ûΪղŵķӦһ

ȲĲŮӳγ˫Ŀ΢ͷȲİ߰ʺֻúࡣ

첽رߣһ˽ȥĽ˲˸ղŵĿʹƣ 
յˮȥˡ

ΪԼҹľҲǿŮӵʱ 
ʱɻʱ

ʹϮֻŵµ԰лܵĻ磬ô 


ȻʹУҲȥɢŵ㷢̫ 
Ĳ⻹ǲϲʪĸоһҲϲг¶糿

˻ͣ½Ų˼ĸŵĳʹǵŮŮ˲ŻеģѵЦ 
Ķǣ˭ῴظŮأ

ͻʹµİɣųصӣ³ĳԼķȥ 


˭𣿼˳¼ԼĲӣҲŵܵ 
ɣѹֻ˵ظܱаڲţ񶼲ҿ

֨ѽһƿ˷ţڴһŵӰӾǼ󣬳·ֽŹϣ 
жһŻŵģʹȻΪϱֳ

ͷĺΣкܶڳײţʲôȴУ

ԡͰĿţȴǶȡ





014ȻһЦ
ôǺأǲȫɫõ壬Ǹռ׵ 
˭

л֮ҪȥΪʺ

ڳɳˣֶ书ĺûмһǲĵ 
ӣοɫѾ޹ˡ

ҹǸӰ

ļվλݵƮˮĽȡõȹϣҪ 
һЩ顣

һմͷϵԺ󣬳²ٵΪĵط

ǣҪ۵ģ

ȻɨЩˣ¾ֱλáº˵ת 
Щ޹صº𣿡

ֻעųµĳԶԡҹ𣿡ų˫Լ 


΢΢¶صĵͷ

üǵõġһƬȺ죬Ȼ

ùϵ֪ǲǱͬ϶ѡŬƽȵ 
˵ţ˵£ʹռǰ

Ϳ˵𣿡ָڷǾ䡰Ǳͬ 
ϡĻûѪԵϵ

ҲԭС˵о

ߡҵ˭أ

ĻһദʱȻ൫ԼİôŨѹ֣ 
ԶԣΪӵǸú绽

۳˵˸񣬳ֱ˵еĿġ

Ϊ٣Ҫװ

ĲǴһУ

ͷĳŵǵԲҪڡȻҪճǾͲ 
ϡ

ʹǸʷĻҪһʿ

ҽΪĸ׼ҵɣȻһЦԵ 
졣ֻҪǵԼĳŵϱá





015뷿
еԼȵùĵȥ˭

һϲۼĻҳüҲϲζƮȻȥ

ųµıӰлҰĲ˺˿ҹЩ̻л֮ 
ȥ

޷Ȼ˺ľȴйȥеŭΪҪѡ

ΪҪֽİߣúޣǸڲˣµ 


ѪɫѸڽѵڣ欶ˣ

СĲҪ𣿡ΪѵĿĻ˵С㴩Ϸ 
·УҲΥ˵

˶˼½ӹ·ȥæɣ

Сᴩ𣿶뻹ˡ

һ¡µͻȥ׾˵Ӳʲܼܣ

ֵƲǼĻҲһˣҪŮ 
Ҫġ

˷ΨһƮݰ沨ת˷Ƶ 
ǧĻζ˫ȣȥЬ㽻ڿҡڣֻһڷʱ 
Եá

ݵĿռɢеܰ㣬ĸоĲǸʵ۳Ų 
΢Цš

뷿䣬Ҳûκ˵ͨ΢źÿۣעĿŮǾӨ 
ӮһյСţʮֺƤš

㷢סŮӵݣСźʹƵģӦżŶԣ 
оҲʵ

ƶǧŮԽıƮȹչ欵Ρ

鲻ԵסһƷ˿УζϲһϤ 
Ľü΢Ա󻷱ŮҲϤ

㡣ﻹ͸©żֵϲ

ʶ𣿳ûлشϵķӦҲûУֻ 
뷿˻Ǻݡ

𣿡аȵ˵˵סķӯϧóһ΢ 
ʹĸоͦĸֱҲӵĿ




016
ʵЦݹ˵ߣĴŮ˵Ļ 
еˣġӡͿˣ

Į֣ƼӴݺݵһգһѽµĶǶ£һ 
ϸ΢ĳ֮ľѴϸϸĿҧš

𣿡ʲŮǰĴ̽ȥֱ֮ס֣Ů 
ӵͺȱ˵һЦӱʵˡ

ݵӲ֪ںʱѾǧϲȥŮӵ㣬Լ 
ա

˻ûʱ䷴ŮֻھиĪ裬Ťֻ˸ 
˷ܡֶ𣿡ֱ۹Ůӵ֫ʹܵ 
жôеҪõ

ȥûп޺һʱ벻ͨΪλ֪Լȣ 
Ϊ˵ݾͨ

ѵǸռӵˣ

һҵ˼ƮʹǿнʵʶѾԼ½ 
ҧ´Ѿshiģ

ɬž޴ţָ˵ֱۣĹ 
룬ԼܵʪģֲǺˮѪˮ

첻Ǻ𣿽ôһ˲õ쳹ڳ¶У 
ռӸܡ

˼˵

ʹĳ£ͻȻһ֡Щ谵ķ䣬׶ĵʹ 
ǿתͷ˵ܹЩ

ÿyuͳںϣβסľǱ˰ɣ

һЦºŵĲʣյĸһЩת½ 
ǰȥ

˲Ļع˽ƿǷֿķ¶ 
ϡеʯϣȾŶʢĺ컨

üͷܣ԰Ĵ΢΢һɫˣ˵ġ 
ġˣ





017δʺ
ʹ½ǸζûηĴ۾ 
ݵ˲á

ųµЦʣǳ£ϵĻݵǶ 
ŵĺ÷

ʧ𣿡ʣ˱ĵõһ˿ģҲԼĲµ 
ϾĽƲ˭˶Լġ

̧ʱĳգԹȻţĸҲˣ 
ǸɶϼһԼ

ߺ޵һݳ¿еΪȻ

Ϸһ˵ģԼ˵ı

ܱǸ㻹ǵȢҡһ˵ϣһĿ 
ȵȼӵĹֻǺ⡣

һӣ֪ǰ˺ΣգҲΨһ 
ò֮עĳ룡

ʲôԭԹ߳ݣȷܾܾݴ 
С

ֻ±սЩŤЦЦĸӵĹ 


δĻʺһЩɣģ޿ֵ˵ 


ȻԿʺ󣨺׷Ϊʺ󣩵ҰѻʺȨˡߡ 
ʹȻʺǱģȻŮҲ֮ҵŮӸ 
λ

Ůڷ⽨վвɼģ

δĻʺǺĿ⣬׵˫˵ĴٶȵĻ 
˳ȹڲ࣬ôһܳʶȥ˽һЦջ 
Լ֣ڳµǰζһ¡

ǵָҪлŲĳˣҪɣ

ʲôأ֪οshi 
ʵˡ

һ𣿡ս˳µ°ǴֲڵĴһҲ 
λκ˵yu

أＷ°ͺҪˣԼͷ 
ĺúݵģ㲻ӣ߹Ȳռ 
ˣ





018
̤ȹĲβŽŵСţÿᳬԶ

ôô죡ɹʹöǿҪȼյɡٻӰͤǰ 


ǺǣòĻʵۣͿĳ㣡

ˣȹ˳򦣬ֱǺӣԯϾϧ 
֮⡣ûϴȻ޺Ȼﻹݡ

΢Ҷߴļ㷢סԯеߣܲµʲ 
ô顣

Ůʵڲϻۣܺ϶ΪһƴһЩ

ССںˡյ˵ô˵ҲСδ򣡡

ֻ˵ǵĽԵδɣ˵ĵȻǸѡһӵĶ 
ֶѡ

ĵ߹ȥ¹񡣡ϡ

ǽõĸɺãԯв˵Ҳֻһֱվšܺá/ 
ͬĻصš

Ǿͺáҡȹǲ֮ԯеЦȴѷɫ֡Ⱥ 
޵ּɣ

Ц뿪⡱ĽײڵϣֱӰʧЦڡ

ʯ϶ԯеľٶ˿⣬ܾ˶Ϊ鿴˿ڵĳ± 
áܶлʹϧ

㲻ýһĸղŵԹĿݺݵڳµϣƾʲô 
Źȴʺ󣡿Ϻأ

㷢һ߳µķӡ

õ֮ѧָնchunͼЦĿ΢εĺ죬 
ôyinˣҡףԼ߹Ĺ򻹲Ŷ

ѾûлҳȹڣºЦ߹ߣƽʱ 
ӳԼǣȵǲã

˵ʺ󲻿Ա͸˫ԹۣĿ͸ġ˵ʺ 
ĴŶ

ϴһչӷ˳͵͵Цͳ㲻ϲſ 
֮ͤУĽأ




019
С㣡ŴܽӣȹڵСֱؿڡôˣ˱ 
ĵĵ

˺ˮˮ۵óϧ

ʥּʥּ˵ųµ־Ϳʼܣ˻СȥּĻû˵

ȺһµĳϹּۣ̫ĳĵĻ 
һЦ̬һȻġ

ΪϧɣܱǸ׼ʺͷλĻأ

ˣŮŮ̫νʥּŵĳֻǲϵǵЦ 
ѣҲ̫ļˣ黹һĲ

бŰԵĳѾͷ̫ˡ

ߺּ˴ּ̫࣬µʼЦⲻͲ֪ҪôǸ 
۱棬˵ǿЦأԼֲģ

ΪһڣﻹԹţ˶ɫʵҲһ

ҲҪɫУַŲҡ̵Цڴߣ㲻̧ϡ

ȵĽ㣬ǹĸԶ֮ 


˱ӻָûвӿ㣬ȴƽʱ˼ֱŵ 
ײ

Цһҡǰıÿϸˣֻǳ㵱㣡

£ߺ޵ս˫ȭһתģʸûУ

úþûȥ˰ɣǶأȵ۽˳㣬ĥ 
ıǼ⣬վֱӶͿȥڲκ˴ţ

ǣǶԳǹɶԳ¾ǾηˣĸҲӣ

Ḷ۵ģҧ˵㰺׶ķֽ࣬üȴ 
ƵİȻ

ǵĻȲڳϸıӰ֪ܳܶأĸҪð 
Ǻƣѡ˺ߣûƣ㻹᲻ˮ 







020
һڣ˿жһĨߴӰôԼ 
ˣЦ

ֻǲųĸʱǰĺܣռziȴ 
ȡˣ´Ʋ

ıڿԹ֮󣬳ֻ̾ϢһһԿ 
ȥ

վԵֵġ

ûõˣߵſڳ²ųЦ˸ӵơ 
Ƿ񿴵öǲҪҪˡ

һ۵ףĿͳ³ţʥּһ 
۸µĻʵ۸۵ģ

ԯУΪΪڵģĵĿصڣȴһĺ 


СˡΪŷʽûĻ˵

žеԼܲ˵ԼͲСɣС 
ϲСѾͷٺٵһЦֻҪԼҵӲ۸Ǿ͹ˣĶȫû 
ĳΪԼպ˶鷳

С㲻𣿼һ¶ȥļ˵

ȥðɣ΢ЦԭѾͷǲĳªǸжڳ¶ĺá 
㲻뿪

ģŵĴģС˼ǻ첻

㿴Ӭɽȥأֽ̧̧𣬳¿첽߳˳Щ 
͵ǳȥ͸͸ˣοǼܲ죡

һԼѡľͲ¸ԼһᶨЦݡ

ؽִܻ̽ЩĿ᲻ʱɨŮӵȴǵȻĺܡ޹ص 
ȻҲ޹صġĵ˼ѹ׵Σ㹻 
ƱһСĿջ

һӷڹ̨ϣСһԵƹĵ˸ɫⲻס꣡

롣˵ţС̽ǻŮܸò 
ֲͨζûС

СĲ¥ݵĹտڴʱһϬĿ̵ĳ²תȥ 






021ظ
ཻӵһ΢Цʢĺɻȴʵӣ 
εĴ꣬΢΢޵ĳüŨīȾǡôұ봿Ĺ 
ϵìܡ

˭

ٱ˸յĶŮӾƣֵ֮һŮӣʶֽӹ 
ŮӵЦ

ڱᣬ㣬ϧùˡˮ¥£Ůֽ 
ϡ

űŲҲ˸ȥķ򣬵ǸһĨЦ 
Ϊ˶ֱ˽һ

򵥵ķ䣬ƵţŮ˿ֻŵ 
ʶĸо

ŮΧþòɢȥմȾŮһ 
ζ

˲ڣҲ˵·Ƿڱ

Ӧкȵʮľ˰ɣľ֪µΣ 
ŮӴСǻ˷Ǯġ

˾Ϊ˴⡣ڴŮȻһЦû 
ĲպգСŮҲ㾡У

ŹǷһϮֲǾġ

Ļָ˱ȽŮˣŮЦʣʲô𣿡

¾Ʊ洫ҪŮ֪׼̸ˡ

ﲻ˵˵϶еӰתϵĽָԣЩ 
ʱ˯š

ˣŮĵ˵ţֱߵıӻڵأ˺һ°ڵ棬ȡ 
һƬмָһʺıŮӵָܶڵɫĲϣ 
Ⱦһɳš

һǳɣŮӽ̵ָζü΢ܣԲ 
ֻǽжϷˣ





022ҹÿ
ЦһֺͣŮûŵɫĽ 
֣֮ܺãŮǳЦġɽ˵ 
Ůܺθڡ

ֻһ΢棬Ů֪ǸȥӰ

ɫĴ껭ŰԲ£ƺҵأ

ˮǵ㣬㷢סŮӵİֻ˯ˣ 
ӯ֮ӳĨϵź۸ܿҡڡ

˫ָŮ£ϾҪʮˣʹ𣿻ǲڼ 
еģü̾ŮӵǳԵĻֻǵֺηأ

ڵƦƦŮӵ𣬿ڶȴ٬ 
»εž죬ʲôίŮӽЦһڴǰľٶֻ 
Ц

ѾעˣǲܷϵкζأԼûɫ 
ɲ͵ģ

ڵˣ˵ҪıɱˡʶսʱƵ 
µ۵׶Ц⣬ζЦأҹùķҪ˵ 
ɣ

˫⿿ڴڣԴӴԽԺ㲻ԸǸʵŵЦЦˣζ 
ɸŵʲܸᣬԸˡ

ǺأȻ״

˵ɣɡ¿żɽʵ

ɲ˫Żеˮ˲ջأ۾գգ͵ɷ 
ɰ

ǺǣڿЦ۾ɾĸоֻ 
˿ˤһ鲽Ůˡִ˵ļսˣ 
һ˫Ϸʡɱķʽкܶң

ϲأû㣬ûգһ¡֪˭ 
˵ľ֮䣬ǶԷ书̫ߣҲ˵

һȵŮˡ˵ļΪţ欵һЦֻΪ˵´ 
أָͣ˵ʢ֪˭ĸۣ᲻ 
פ





023è޺
£ûȣǹūƾǲŮ 
ӵ֣ԳΪ˽һĶ˳µС 
Ѫȥѣұ뿪

ûж࿴һۣ°еָֻôСô 
ɴµ΢΢ע⡣

𶯣ɫİס֣ϵһսϵ˳µĲϣ 
ҪͨѪȥȾĺ⹻־ǿǲ 
ġ

Ҷкκôƺڵĵ˵Լ 
һơ

ֻ֪ܵȺĵɣڳǳǣ 
ʧڷУ綼û¡

⹻־ǿµظţ壬Ҫٿ 


Ϊ˻˵Ŀ϶Ҫ

ˣҪκ˵ǣԵĲҪɭȻһЦǹ 
Ҫ˱꣡

סոտĴʾţԼá

Լߴİȹ㷢İţбһֱξӨ޵ĳ 
ޡȵλǰϹ¶ǵܽĿⲻΪ 


ͺԺôأ

תǰղʳˮ㲵ɵĴдһĨһ 
ɵðȥ

è޺ӣųµһľԵһߣջҪ 
ֳЦèоҲǸ߹󡣿øŪ𣿡

ѵϵ֧ųǲ°Ц

ǷҵĲͬأֻû˻İɣɵѾͷԼȥ 
ڵģ

пɻʯ㻹Ǳô¶źáɻ󣬷ĹѾ 
̰㴥񾭣̬¡

ԶҪµ





024Լ
ǴİɣͻȻĿųһβı飬˵ 
һòϵϿɱʧԼ޺һ 
ĪìܵĿ־壡

ԻųųȴŵüʵĽ

ǺǣЦһȻɣֻǸԼҸ뿪ɰˣôܷ˲ 
ҪѡԼأοһȥ֮ʧ

ЦݳƵȴų㡣

£ǣʮҲлġ

̧»ƺ㴹ЦݹǡעֻһͲҪ 
˭ˡ

ͿطµĽðɣ֪ΪҪȫ 
˼ƮԶǸԼ

ˣܲɷ֣˵ϲҵӡٶ 
ҲȲĿǱʱ׶ĵʹ

ˣǵ˳µ˼ĺܹذԼأҳ 
£лƶɣܽԼڲصĺܺãᶼᱻ˲

ȥˣҪһʲô

ЦŴ˳ĻϲĹģΪעǲ 
ֻҪõĹ߶ѡӻܳԿɣ

£ʹųµӣֻǵٷҪ 
ԶΣաԷĻʹ

ʱ׿õأ

˺һվͳһϣԹг֪û 
Ĺһ˿С

ǲһĸΪڳ˳Լѵ 
ܱǸǰ׵ġ

ȥʧ䣬ܰԼĸ¶ոյĴ󲻸ٷġ

͡ͷлڲʱЦԺһڹɲҪ 
ƫ˽ŶǺǵЦţҪʹ˰̣Ȼ֪ɿ 
ʹԼһġ

ԭԼҲһбĵˣĮȻһЦ

¾͵Ǻǰ˽ɣȻ㲻ǷͬһˣǶ 
н֮ˣ

ĸܵߣֻǽЦԼ˵ĺޡ䶼 
Ըܵģȴֻܳе




025ˮײ
ԸµĶطȥϵƣҲЦ

ƶȹ㲻Ըĳ˵λȥջΪΣܲϲ 
ĸоǹӺ䡣

ٻȻվԭȺų˵ѵʾԽǲĸǱ 
أ

ΪλأΪ˽Գ𣿲֪ԼŮ𷣡

һڴ˳һȷ²ŷ˵Գµ 


Ӧüҹ𣿿ԼŮ˽ĵġĸڳ 
һңʵԺҲڶζѡ껨ʵû 
ϲģ

վڳԼԶĵط»ŷ䣬ݵĴͬŵĺܵ 
ĵĺܡҲݻѹԳǷ˶ˡ

ǵһ˴˰ҵţһƬĻ㣬ǽǼʯ 
ϸǴë̺

״һˡųµֳ˵ӹһĨˣ漴ŵ˵ 
ҵĲӡ

ͷ±Ǹˡ

ʲôˣõĳչ¶ˣȷںǸˣȻΪ 
ҪסⲻյĵطأſÿһߵСġ

·бŵģžǵҵĽɣĵƻ𲻶ϲһ㳱ʪļ 
󣬸˵ζɼ˵ġ

ûκεĲ·ֱӵͨǰһصˮϻƮźҶдŵĺɰ 
һζԭĺġֻʲô 
ˮԴأе档

ž˺Ȼƣֻӵ˹վ࣬Ȼǳм仺 
һ͵ĺӡӦ˵ǹײˮײģ

ǳͳĸס˾ֱ߹ȥվڳر߻ĺ˫ۣ 
ƤϿԿ˿̵鲢Ҳĸ

ԭȻˣǽϷ룬ֻһֽݡ 
۵ġ





026Цʬ
¶ĸиɣỨȴչЦգֻǿɬ 
ɷ־ʹųµġںõİɣ

֮ųµ˳رߣŵ̬Ϊһʹ 
Ĺ¡

ʮǰ˺ֵٵүһɱ¾మ֪үѾ 
һӡϵĽǿգ뿪ͷе 
̺ûиױ

ֱԺ֪ǸΪɷ˺ӵŮ˾ԼãԶķ 
λãɽ֮ĸȻţ³ү 
·ֻгһӡǴһģ͵˱˲ 
˳

׺˵Щڣĸ׵ĸλƺأȻΪҪ 
ӲܴȰһЩأҪԼҲȥȡʲôԼ¹Ƶ 
ԭ򣡣

еοδıĸӦǰԼģĸҲǰɣ

ҡ׳˽µֺĵľҪĴ 
ҲҪȥȡļ㵽ҲҪ

Ǹ˵վġĪǿ

˽Ŀųˣڵȴһ²Ľ͡

ӲܽᷢʲôҪ㱣֤ԼΪһּĻţţϧų 
֣Ϊ˶š

˵Ҹ𣿵һθĸĳۿ΢ԭ鵱 
˵˽ȴҲ޵ůţδģ

ǣ֣صĵͷ׽ҲҪÿ˶Լ 
ҪԼȥɾˣܺĵĻǷ᲻ͬ 


ϵĳŮۣȥԼ˶ܿˣûܿ 
Ůģ

Ůˡڳǰ鶼ãĸΪλ˵ⷬأַ 
ڴ͸塣

תĿⲻɨˮף¾Ȼ˶һЦ




027Ļ֮Ц
һǴȻһĺë͸ſ־壬ʶȥ 
ֻǺܾܰ꣡

˦˦ͷٴεȥҲһĻѣʲôµģʶӰ 
أӰü΢ЩƺڴߵģֺܿıԼˡ

ʰɣ

ƺԺµĺʼõļѺסĲӣû 
ˣĵֵȴֻͽȶܡ

ǺɭЦڶ𣬺ԼЩ˭һƬ쬵ģ 
εǵ

ܸܵǰ磬ԼҪȥ

¶˽ĺһ̳±ʧȥʶĸоǲ΢ʹԴ 
һƬ֮ϣܺĸоĺܺá

˭ûʶĳʺţȴû˸𰸡

СȥѾƮ˳ĵˮײǰһѽڹϣ 
üʵ𣿡

ɭЦŰʹţЦڹחK֮ڣԭǰʬ 
аЦҲܰݺԶҲֹͣǲҪĸ 
Ů

Ʈص֮ڣԹǷߺǲ

ˮǴͣûأΪסл 
Թ̫ػǲܹλ

ΪһЩޣϧȥŮݵգ֪ 
Ϊ´ҵǰ»ǽĵгүҪ 
ߵķӣӵĵλԼֻΪõĺ 
ڰﳤ

ˣĻԥĶԳ³ʱ֪Լ˶ôЦ£ 
ǲɾˣԼִˡ

ˣǵĵٴеˮϧһжˣ 
Ӧ

ЦϯŰҵƻ֮裬˼Ĩ





028ô
ٶ۳˵Ŀָհ飬ϻǰ߰ߵ 
ۣǸиŮƺ

ŹחKڵãֿ˲ϧ

ףһӰѾ뿪˰ң̼ĻʹҪŮ 
ܵ˺

Ƕţ˵ļصͯǸ޵

ڴͷĶͣΪ¸ëԴС㱻ͻԺһֱĸ 
üͷš

ȻܵȴҲԭʲôֻΪЩѡ

һ£ᶼ˿С㻹ô˯ţǲӦһ

оԼʱܻ·˲ʵ?Ҫ˺ƵĻ 
ƮУһжôĲʵܲ

СʮˣﶼˣС㲻ѹòã 
ԹòãſڳµϿһֱڶԳ˵ 
ͣ£Լ

ʲôѹأҲˣϵĳ 
յĸо

ʹһһıֲʹ˲˹ȥ

С㣡ڵ϶˵ͫӦǲ˼Ļ棬ٶԵĳ 
ͬһһϳª֬źˮ۵Ĵ걻ҧĿ 
۵γˮ

ôܣ

۾ӵ򵽳µĴߣŵȥ̽գǻ 
Ĵбǰ

Сǻָ

ѾͷС⴫ѯԥһ£뵽Сı仯 
ѰǲҪ˵ĺáǶ˶ذɣ

ŽŲԶϽ˴ᣣԼ˴࣬ҪС㣬һ 
ô죡




029
Ұݣ˳ķں󱳣Ŀʯͷϵֱ۴ϥϣ 
żתָ˿̵ġ

ȻӲ˲Ŀųе£ʮ˲֪Ƿ

ǸЦЦŮЩûˡ

żҰݣÿһɯɯΪˣƽĺȴ 
ǲǻþ

Ů̧峺ڶ˵Ļ

İķӯ»âӣǴĲ֪ٵЦݣչǰ 
˵һҰҧϣǷŭĹâ

ɶһǸϼһģַʽΪǸŮ 
Ƶ壡

ģȻִУޱڴٴεÿ춼һΡ

һˮҪˮϨڵyu˳Ĩ 
ԿصٻӰ

Ǳˮף˭ϷЦЦЦҲ֮

˫ˮ浯ڿлĻƿճХ 
ĸо

һŮˣټԼµ꣡

ΪҪκһŮ˷ǺҲԣ

˫쿪ǹŲױЦǵȷЦݡʴεˮϣ 
ҪһΪ˴ƶ̶꣬ʱ̶ǰ

Ůֻʺڻ﻿ݳ޵ģ

Ŷ֪ںʱһ˿˿İ룬۵ֱ۴̧࣬ƤǺ 
ѵġ

С㡣ųµĸ첲ŬҪĺ鶼ڻˣɳ» 
ûκεķӦСɣʥּҪСȥּ

ʹҪң

𲻳ĳѹ򴽣ҪôѹأǼȥʥּ 
оԼٲѹܻһֱ˯ȥ

ϧģ

С⵽΢Ķע⣬æߵˮСԲ 






030ϲʺ
۾һգ׼˳µ˹ȥⱭˮӦйˡ

࿪ͷʪܵ㷢ϣӻǲһˮ顣Ļţ 
ɬĴѳ˿΢΢Ѫ˿

µ˱ˮݸº£СǿȥǰɣҲ֪Ǹ 
ּĹȵĶ಻ͷˡ

.һָҪ뱳Ų߳ȥˡֻǻʵۻʲôʥּҪ 
أ

֮ȻϴǸ̫ʥּΰ׵Ųͷ

Сּɣҧصֲ̫ò˵ţôŮô 
ӣ



ǺǣЦһӹʥּڸ̫ܵǸ֮ɽꡣ

˼¼˰ɣȻǵһλϲʺأ֪ǰĴζ 
ʲôԤиǺõġ

Լ£ԼǰҪ 
֪ͨأ֪ƻǷɸġ

ǰһյĲó޷ٳӻڵϣ̯ʥּࡣ

˯һþɣأ

˭ڻ

ŵζҪٲˣͲκεЧƲ 
˻Ůü΢š

ܣܿյ屻˺ܶĶ˿Ҳۣ

ŬҪԼһЩҧԼͷŵ̵ζʹʹУ 
Ŀ

ɫĺǽﳯ˿߿һ˿ϵһĺᣬ 
ׯжһ˿ӯ飬ǽ˿ƣǴëƳɣ 
һĻԲ飬ڵıԵһźɫıʯɫΣ 
صմͱʯ߹Լͷϡ

Ŀһױ⵹أ

ݵ֫ȵĵĺǶ·ĵˣΨ˷˺ڣ

С㡣ۿվһߣǺίġôˣ־ܻȥ 
Լĺܲȷܳŵʱ




031ȻһЦ
С㲻Ҫ¶òãæ˵ϣҪСһ˽Ĳģ 
ҪȥźС㣬һӶ뿪С㣡

Сӿϳȥϲӱϲһס˳ԭҪ˵ 
ĻĿⲻɵ

ʮϺÿȴڲסļ࣬

µЦĶԶԶ˵Һ𣿡

С㣡˵ʲôڳǿ϶񰲸£ֻӵĳȥˣܸС 
鷳ġ

ֻС֮ƺù

ôƺأתСµղųŮ۵һƬ 
䡣

ūźĳŮ١ǹǷޱĻš

Σ׺ϰɣ֪ɺϻǰʾϵĺʲô

ǲܳӣҲҪǵԼݡ̧ȥε¸ 
һݵЦΪܺ۸Ǿʹˡ

ū澲ңεκε޲ǳ֪ 
˳Լġ

Ҫأ

ΪִٵĳɻûУֻǱ̧ˡȻһЦȥ 
˹֮ԼĺС

Ǻ乬ɲΪϲġ

Ǻصķڣ÷ڴ֮ϳ»ڷŲӡ

һвֵ԰Ȼÿ䣬οյﴲŻʼĽᣬ 
ɫ˽ݲؽǸ

ÿĴζԭ̴㡣



ĿͤͤӺݻ̬һȴЩ಻ͬźŮӣͬ 
Ļʺ

ڻһһ˸ߵͭھǰƻ 
аɣ

˰Ϊ

޵ĻʺͲסأŪûüתĳ¿ͭ 
ԯУɫžβ̿۵ĽӳĵĸӵĽЦ 
ϷʣҲΪԼվɣ





032ּ
檸밲ϥŮӲԸ̧ͷȴȻġ

һۣϤռȫ˼Ϊǻʵۣſƿ 
Ƶʧأ

ǿƣǸԼȴ˺ԼˣֻǸͣ

ʺô֪𣿴֮ռǴæһдӼҲغԼıְɣ 
޵ĹǷ΢΢һЦ

檻̿֡ĻҪĹãܸоϥѪ˿ˣ⸱̫͸ 
һЩ

ʺΪĸ̿أߵߣ֬Ц 
Ƶġ

ƣЦ

޷Ǿѣлأʥʾ

ʺȻʶ塣ջصڳµĺϲ£㱳һӶ 
תʱЦʺڲΪ̫ɣ

ڣ

İϷҲ̫˰ɣ

ּлԱߵ̵ϡ˻ɵóԭǼ 
ϵģӲʯѵۼԯĴǧ׹̵ 


ʺҪеźáϹЦݣԯлΡʺԹ 
Ĺ̵֪֮Ҫģ

ūּûбĵͷµ˲⡣

檶ʥŵĲ˺飬ֻŲɣ

ҲôΪµĸ߰͵ĵʱ

һʱȥ˫ĿʮľҲƽֻ򵥵ķŹԼ

δˮʳѷѾľոóã 
ЦһĻбӦأ

Ҫ˳µıϣųµϺ֮ص֮С

Ĵֲĵ˵ڵأ󱳵Ļһ֪Ҳ˼־ 
ּݹƺ󱳻ºۼɣ

лεĽ̵Ѫ˿ֳ˵棬»лһ 
Ϊԯİɣ





033˻ʺ
ɫĺȾ˼亮÷ɫĻභƵϧ

˿ΪʺҪлĶѾ˵ξȡһ 
ľӹ̶ˣµ˫ĸһŵľֻҪͻ

ɭȻһЦԼǱأ

Ƕϵľһ㣬˺ҧʹƤЩʪճ 
һִĿɣĵܳΪȡ

һҧֱͦϥܾܵļʹҪͷ 
Բᣡ

ܰأϹеСһжĸоŵ 
ûУ

ǻƳϣİȻſԷͼ²ԵԼ

šһŷɷͼʳеڳߣ˺һ׶

վ˺ԼأҪʳУȲļ 
һľһ뵽ͺһ̧ͷΣԷֻǵ 
ͷ

ɫĴҧİݣҪȥΪ˿ɵİ衣

һȻϵľ̺͵ȫϣԸܵͷĦ 
ϥǴеýһƤˣ

ЦŽʳд򿪣벻ʺʳﾹȻªֻһѡ

ȡĳָһôȵҪŪǷ 


ʱ䲻ﲻҪ˹ءʳߣα໹ߴ 
š

ǺǣҡǴȵĻʵأ˫ֽڵĺ£ζȵģ

˷ʳǺܲõϰߣΪΣ¸Цһ 
εѾȵ˵ڵĳš

ĿոҪ಻֪Ƿܳܡ

񣡺ò°룬ǻųϮһġ

ǰأͳٴδ۾в





034̩ȻĴ
أǺǣǻȣ֪ʵ

̧ͷĻʺǷͬȻʺΪλϤĸоأ 
ƺڿԼܸЦ

׿ЩǵˮȥһʵĿ˱һĺ˽ 
ȥ

ڵĺŻǲܸ߿ǻζֽһĵĴʹٴϮ 
ҪѾˣоƤ˺ƿӲ֪ж١ 
ſڵƤ¶ᷢ

ﾲū澸ˡ۽ɨȹϵϺ죬ȥ 


ϡ֮һࡣ

һֱô̩ȻԯеĿϣǳү۰Ů 
ôһ˳ܣ

ֹͣıѹ˫ȵֱŽľ̺Լֿ˵

ָԼ򦣬ԯеһЦ֪컹Ȼ

һֱϡǸŮ˲Ůġ

ҪŵĶأüͷһҪ־͹ճˡ

Ѿˡεͷ

°ɣԯгȥ뿴ǸŮôν

ɫЬͣڳ˺㷢ֱ棬סһ˫СɵĽţҲס 
Σŵƻ𵭵ĲڷԾţĵӰԼɼ

̲סһа棬ԯְͼеŮӺ϶Ϊһ

϶ԳġʾţԸܵľǼᷴθ 


ܶüŭޡû˵ţ˿΢һ³ʹͷո 
ľ̵ٴεܲɷ֡

ͺһľײľϻŽŵع 
֨죬üͷЦʵɻϲûжŭ𣿡

ĴӲֺ֣ŭأ

Ǻǣпܣŭӣȫɣ

һ߬ʼѣԯеЦмֵʱ 
ġ





035
ɬ촽ԭţ

㣡һŮ˶׹ڳ¸ǰۺᡣֻȹߣ޼б 
һɷﲽҡٸױ硣ҪõˡЦµĿα 
תƵԱߵԯС

ҹҹ

Ǻǣҹû?ȤҹɣȴԼ޹ء

ϣĿǺǶأ벻ҪΪѽ˺

Ŷ˽ü΢µġΪ޴ˡ

檲ңҵĹڵϷص֡Сġѹ˳µĵϥϣˮӯˮ 
ʹ

ƺһЦҡѾͷҲ̫˰ɣŮ˲Ůϲ 
ġ

֣ĸ߰㣬Լγǰչִ˿̵ĴأϷݲһ 
˵İɣҲøĿ˰ɣ

΢֮ӣ֬ʡˡ檸ʺ밲

ӯӯ°ѽղŵġ檲ҡˡ˿̵Ŀ˵ġ

Ժöĳ?ϣǱ𹼸˽һŶ΢΢ 
׵ģǸԯҲһĵİɣ

ƾȻңԶĹɳȫǡһƺԼģΪ 
Ƕʹ

ǡĴ׳㰵ЦšڱüɫЩס 


̬ǱȲϵġԳ˵ţ΢ԼܳŶأ 
˺ѾѾˮʪˣƵֱӡ

ֽڵϵĳڻһЦʺҪ̫밲Ҫ 
ԡţ

аȵĶϳ㣬򰲵Ļû˵߳ȥµڴ 
ɫԯнأ

ζڳߣ۾ΪӦڵĹ߶΢šĳ 
һ΢






036ﶬ
ԡһĸѾ˸Ķ㿪ʼ 
ϵļ

˻֪ǲԶԣץŵľ̺뿪ȵǿ̻ʹؽҧ

Ѫ˳аľڵ棬ſžӨ尲ſڵĿ£

һصѪɫ֯Ⱦһڳ˹硣һſȾľ 
ʶģˡ

ŮҪȥˡһͶµĹŮС˵ţ֪ 
ҪƤصĺܡ

ѻҪҽһ˵ѾͷתȥζʵѬ 
˵ĺܡ

Ƕ࣬Ů˱ϾǻʺǳүŮ

пͷôֵ룬СѾͷ𷢲֣ūҲΣ

Ѿͷһյ˫켷βˡ

Ѿͷߣһ΢͵ĹŮȵԭһˡ

ŶİﻹеڶΣΡΡĽ뽻ǸŮԹԵ 
һߣֲܳԷˡ

ʹ

ֻǺܷѵĳһʹȴߵĹŮ۾ġʹ 
еԴٿŮлѪˡǹƶĹϵ˿ڻԶ 
Ѫ¡

׳Ҫл˵ķ

ʲôù֧ţѪⶫƽʱõĽλҪأ 
ǲζѪף

ū澻Ȼ֮Ůӵϻָƽͷ񡣸ղŵ̫ˡū/ 
/˼

ڱܽܵĳߴھȥִǵ񡣽һߣĶ 
ĩʹ̡಻ϧϷòҪݱ˻Ц߳ 
͵ǸΪǵɣ

ѾɺԵǿʹ˿ٴεı˺ϵҲѡ





037ˮк÷
ھ䷢ҧֻҪһ㲻Ѱ˵ 


ԯпңɻ⣿ϣһڵģһĪ 
ĵ׷ֻ֪ͣԼ뿪ǰһЩʲôȷ

ѵߵǽǣӷǽϢԼµ㼣һж 
ɳĳЦκֻ֧ܷ

˻һ͵ȱ¶ڿԭתΪ죬Ƕľм 
ԼĿɼȾɫ

ǼūŻԡ֪ʱҵһĲͣĿȴ 
ڳϵ̽

һԼֺγǸūأѸٵĽһҲ˺ʪʪĸо 
ܡ

ˡǵİæҲûʲôãʡȥ̫밲ɣҲ 
ϲԼĶϱɣ

ɬһЦƵҲǺϲԼԭšôġš 
Ϊأ

³ӽԡͰԭеˮ˿ڵһ̱һֿ̣ 
ȸ˿ڵÿһϮȫصض

ȥɣһټԡҾֻгһˣϵĴƮ 
㿿£

㣡һҲ࣬ôΪԼѬ

̧ͷʶҩҲֲȻ

ҲԼˣֻǲԼ̫Ǳŵ̫ɣһѪɫˮ 
ʼϺɫˣǺ÷ĺ졣

ЦţԯиѪʱģأ

ĻˮУĿЩʵ磬ԭѪɫ 
ɫ

ۣһӿ˳ڵɫˮ컵Ʈɢ͸ſ 
ѶϢ



ˮ̽ͷûвӦòθѪ뵽ԯеĿľʱ 
ɢĹ죬ѵԼ˶




038ζ
ԡͰıԵϣ㣬ҲԹɣԼĸע 
ȫأ

ɣĲ㣡ǲѡѣҵѡǰ㣬ֻ 
ȫѣ

һҲ㣬Ҫǵҵȥ

ӰеԼɬһ˫ź죬ֲǰ׻Ѫȡ

ڵվˮĽ˿ϵʹѾЩľˣ边Ȼ˻ָʵ 
ǲ

ҩЧһ⡣

̤ڵʯӰĿŷ׵ȣһſ۵ 
ӣ׼䣬òġֱӵĴ׼һ¿㣬ȥЩճ 
ճĵطҪƵû֧ŵ̫

Ϊ˲鷳һ֮밲Ȼ

һִʽķٽбһ֧μûڷС̫ĺʵǹ 
Խмļ㲻չڴɫ·ֻչе 
á

ŴϰЬҪĻɰɣ

̤ȻһЦ˼ָʾ¾ٲİĻʹĵ 
𣿵ҫ۵Ľɫֻ۾̺ĵʹĿϾӣż 


ߴŵŵ߹Ĺ̫࣬»԰ϵʹ 
ҲԼݡ

ԶԶͬһɫϲĳ㣬߸֧бҲк 
ŵ鴹ϣ˶׹߶һŮͼ

ʮѾңָ˷ƮȹҲǱģе 
ĻסЦ⣬ݻų׷ǿʧأ

ԼҲȷ಻бӵġ

ȵȣķԼͬ

վ˽ŲڳЦдĵɫУ֪ԼǶ㲻ģǲ֪ԯ 
иԼµҩǷβʱ䡣

˫ֽ̬뱣֣Ϊǳ޼ģ





039
ӭңŲ֪жòܵĿĵأ¾ĵȴųĵ

ϸĲҡپֹһֻɡ

ʺ𰲣ٻȻʽĸףӿŮµǰµĴ 
۵׵ЦԽŨҡԼǻʺ𣿳˵ţǷɷ· 
˷ѣ

΢磬ųǶǳµǸ̫밲ȥ𣿡

ţһΪżϵζԼȥԡµģȴˬ 
վõҲԶԶĳԼʲô

һͻȻеδ顣

ż˰貽һʵ˿ɴֻ 
һ˫һھ̵Ľë³գĵһصĽƣ 
ֲʱĽһ顣

ůˣժȥͷϵķںбһ趯š

תǰ֫ڶԳ㹴ָš

ʱѧ貽ģ㶵Ŀĳ£۵һƬȻҪ 
Լÿɣ

ȹһ˦Ʈ£ҡײö죬ǣֻ裬 
ƺгʵ򰵶

ڴºأЦնˣּȴǲ㽫ڻУ 
̧ǰѹͳİ趯óһڵءΪ 
ӮҪĶݣ

תһƯķڳú󱳽·ܳ 
΢һûվȵĳ㵽һߣ仨ԽЦһԭ 
ǰ֮ˣ

ŹŮסŹĳ½ɴժһ˫ָƽķ 
ȥ

ְ˽ŵĽϵĲ֦ȥֽչ˳Щ 
ķ˿

һĿųȻӰǻ֮ô 
ţô˵۰Ϊʲô





040ټȻ
ϵҲģȻӶ񣬿ǲٴεĴԼ磡 
㲻Ҫֻܴ֮һ

ָȼż޵Ļ棬յߵѾͷ̧ͷ 
ȵĽĵĶƶ棬ɷԼ

ʲôϵݼϵĿζ桢͡㵵˼ǸȻ 
ıӰԼǣߣһͷ˿ǰε 
嶯

ƵӰȴز˭

ԯУɨ㣬ĺӻڳ֮

Ȼڲκ˵ǰ·Ծ֮ϵ֮ɫӰʧ

ټȻ

ȻһЦٻ٣ټȻ˭֪

δϵĺԾŵİһ۱ʶñ˴ˣŨŨİأ 
̧ǹϵҶŮӲ˲ĶƮƮòʵ

֪ǣĳ˺βǿأ

һλȥʮϸĸһϮɫ۸߹ĺȴӺݵġ

ض񡣳̧ʾϸ˺ѤһЦ»ŵӲջˡ̫ 
кּ⣿ȥϸ˾Ͳڴ˴Լ˰ɣ

̫ʱǸ˲б߼ʵ˵

ʱǲСʱʱΪ̫أ

ٶͷ˸֫չĶҩЧԿʹû

ת̫󱾹֪֪ǻʵ۵Ĵ

̫ﵽ޹֮⣬ֻ岻Ҫһζҩ¸ŹֵĿų 
֣ȴָſڵһ껨һűȻʵ۵ۻҪĿĽɫѣ

ŷ˵ĽУǼĳں޾в

ǰ̤˼£ĸ߶ȣҪ̤һ׾˼ϲܺǸ 
ƽӰɣصҪôȡķأ




041з

ƿӸҰɣ¶ߵϸЦصſϷ˺ 
ɣɲôʧأ

㣡ʰһƬĻ꣬ϸԭζЦš

ƿ⿪ƵմһʯӰһϵó˦˳ȥֻ 
һһӨҵһϵŮС

ȷմܹԼ֮ŮӽĲ˼Ȧһ 
˫ѸٵĲһӺܿʵ˫ڿƵŲ 
⡣

ϸŷ䳲ĽṹֻһλҪ֤Լݲž 
һ׶Զ˹ˮϴӦûˬ̫öأϵĺʼʪ 
ҲŨҵɢ˳

ǲҶĸ˴ߴš

ҡҡͷŮֻ泯ԼζԽŨ 
׼ų̵ֱζܴʱ

˫ۻӶչӰǷ䳲ѾϷȥֻϸ΢һŮѾ 
ſ˫ĶϾЦ޾ķγһŽɫΪŮ 
Ķ˼ֵɫʡ

νзɣˮĽڳеŮӱųеĸƼɵһȺ 
ָĵһ߾ߵʬΪԼ÷Ͳۼ 
ˡ

ĺնѵڳɢķ¶ŵ 
ŵЦڳм䡣

ĴΧˮֻҪͺԼԼں嫵ĺ 
Σ

ڳˮмΪȵˮƤĻ㻨㣡

Ȼ۾°ա

ôԼˮеԭֻûݵǻᱻ𷣣 
ĳԼǱʧˡ





042ľ
ôԼˮеԭֻûݵǻᱻ𷣣 
ĳԼǱʧˡ

ϵĳšϵˮգʪ̫ˣٴ˼㡣

װõķ佰ݸ˸˳ϯض÷˿ܱ紵ɡ

ǷֹǶΪת̫󱾹밲 
¼˵ɫЩЦݡ

ټȻĴźϿһ¸˻ȥһǳǺƵĶ 
²⡣ֻǶڵʱ뿪𽥵ԶԼϵʹ 
ʼϮ֪ҩЧѾʱ

̧ϵֹȻʺһƬյĸоһŴ̼ĸйҪЩ 
عųɣ

űĴڻʹ˱˺ʱüͷⲻǸʼ 
ٲҽλðٯҲᷢס

һ֦ʮ־ĳ³ȻһЦȥ֮ǰȥ 
ҪøɾĲ˿ڡ

ÿһ̤ŮĲӶӵĻһЩҲĸоĳЩҺС 
ǽͷʼЩѣûˡ

ʶԼ²ȻһЦЦһֱĪһܣ漴 
ڹǽ֮⡣

֪ô߻ص޹ʪ˵Ь̤һĺۼ˼ 
ѾͷԼùΣŮΪĳԼأ

ǹݵ¾ҪԵԼйĪǵĻ 


ҵߵң½¹ȡһɫ˺Ƭתһ 
迴«ֲºôһƬڿо׽

ȾɫֻһǶϣ½еһ鲼ϣԼ 
ҧһ鴲ߵʽƽڡСϵ˺Ƥأϵ 
ͷֲľ̻Ǵ̵ĵطƺһ˫ۡ





043
ϵͺͷֲľ̻Ǵ̵ĵطƺһ˫ۡ

һ۵õĲĲѾ񻯵˿ڣȲϵţ˻ 
һЩ֣ҪԾֻ

ȥ˸Ѫˮ쿪Ȳص̽ţֻҪʹͼ˿ 
һĲŪȻǱڵϵмػصŪֲɾʹ 
ľûиоϵºˮ϶ʹ

ϵƤˮĺ࣬úܣ翴ľ̡ˡ

ֲµͿĨ˿ϣ¿ʼ˿ҪϱҪϣò 
ֻ򵥵Ĳϡ

ɿ˿еĴᣣɫҧƵĴʪʮָƺûпԲõ 
طֻʣºһˣ

Ļ䣬ʱѾļ޺ۣصƤʶ»ţ 
ֱ۱ͬһ

أŮӵ廬ײϣŮδĶٽŵ 
ղĿõһж˼ĿŮӡ

Ůӣôȴ˵͡ˣг 
һϷˮĳ˵Ӱصš

쿪ʼͬʳĽţֻǲôȥ 
ŮӲԼ浹Ҳϧˡοӣǵʲôζ

˵Ůӵֱϻţ沼ĺ飬Ů˵ 
ˣ

ÿһٶԼϰߡһӣһ˫׵ 
ĦŮӸԼĳЩ飬ҪԿĳǶ 
ǿ

һ˵ȣԯԼδᣬΪ¸Ǻ˱ӣȻ󶨶 


¹ճªȴĺܡȡϵ֦˷а 
뻳Уԭķθڴߡ

һ㷢ŪϤζվ

ŭԯзɴԸ޹һǶֻ





044峿
˻뵲סͣ˰գ΢Ķ˺ѰʹšĲ 
ڵ

ŸɬĴֳ꣬ʪ˵ıϣֻûôȥѰʳ 


̧˫ȣ˿ڱ˺ʹģָڱСҧûʹ 
ڣʺǲκġ

Уֽɿڸ岹֮ǰͻȥ

ֲĴߵķΣⲻ̫ǰĳе֧ô⣿ 
ü벻˭ȡ˻

ҡ˷Ѿġ

Ŵϣ˫ȲŲվֱûҩ֧ȥ̫밲ֻ 
ʵӸѹɣ

ôз㣿̧ĽŲ£߽˼Ӱ϶ŵ 
ڵķˣȴ˳µʳ

εĸϹеĶӣһԼˮ

̣Ůٵߵ߷ڡӲʾŰɣ˵ 
˰ںڳǰĴһߡ

ϸĴŲ֪źõӣĺܳļԼ 
ͶأԼҩ̵ʱðһĵĺأҪǻ 
ڣҪǱ𷣡

̧һۣ˼См˿Ĵ棬ˮ۾ԼªҺ 
ĴźлҪ˵

һ棬¶˼ʾ⣬㲻¾Ϳ˵

ôᣬϾڹﳤĿ˳µҲͲʲô 
ΪţСȻͷǸˡ

ѾͷҲֱ̫˰ɣ˺صĲЦŽͣѵҪ˵׸µĹƶ 


ǳڣ±θЩո̫ˡ

꿴˼Ȼϧ̬ЦлһǰӸ㿴

ģȻлĿõһŮ˷֣ܵȫ˹ض֡





045ôͷ
ģȻлĿõһŮ˷ܵȫ˹ض֡

˼ܰһæɰŮмֵϲҪڶ֮ 
ԡ

ǡȻǵ֣ҲƵĺ˵һʱжıǼ΢æȥ 
֪ǣԼıɱµİס

֮ԡͰչüͷĳ£ǻѪɫֲ 
鲽Ⱦɫ㡣

ĿҪôܰؾأһʵ۲ʳĻʺΪԼЩʲ 
ô

ǵȲºӪ˵ء

ԴУ.ҪѧˣݺݵץסûϼȣŮ˿ˮɢ 
ɫʹĮЦݡ

Ҫٱ˵Ĺ֣

ʺԼ治أϧԶڲ֪ô£ 
µѾ׽Ĵߡ޸ôͷأ

ǻĲʱţֻǾŲش

˫޹ǵСû˹ֿϧġתǳŮӵֱϣһ 


ŮҧֻҧˣǿĲģֻǱڴݵĸ 
滺˴ʹϻأϿȤĽɿŮ 
ӶĽԡͰš

ǣЦһ

סŮӵĺԣĴӭԼĿҧţ˺ҧŮӲ 
ӭϣ˱ĳķĿռ˵ŮӵĿУ 
ӵذŰŮӲаĴϢ

ڵĺţŮޱĿˣԼʲô 


Ů񡣴ֵŮΨһÿϣˮײ 
ԡͰ֮Сԭ˷ˮͰ⣬зĻꡣ

㣡ŮʶĻԼأǰ˶ǲԼĹȣ 
Ǻʱȥģ





046
ͽһ˫ס۾Ƭľк˵۵ס

ϴķӦɲ˲мߺŮӽϣĲ 
ʣǰŮӵŮһϣĵһβ֪ĸˣ

뵽˵ŭմסŮӵ֫ȥŮʹ̵ı 
飬ֱŮڱŷſ

΢eŮӵһ˵ǰȻҪԼ𾪶 
ŭĲ֮

ſ˵üţ³ĽŮ̧𣬵ûзŹŮӵ˼ 
ǽԼߡǶȵ

ɨ˺ۣδ˺ۣȥġƸ 
Ůԭģֱǵɫĳ۹ҪƽҪ 
ԶŮӵıۼ

һʵŮ˫ֽͰָ׷ףΪ˵ʼ 
ĵʹҪ˺ܲסȴҪǿԼס

Ӳͣ¶ŮӵĵͺʢŭģĴŮӵıϣ 
Ůӵ˿һյһ¡

һĲԣǸ˴仰ﺬϧġ 
áҡͷŬϥǳףһЩʹ

ʶŮ΢ľٶˣŮڿϣԼţҪ 
Լһĸе֣ǵ㷢yu

ĽŮӶǰʪ𿪣ϵˮŮ˵Ҳ֣Ϊ 
ˮʵҺһϱᱻԶʳأ

ϣŮӵĻ˿̵ʲôʾãһϷĿʼ

֮ƺźƽɣ

Ա£պơɡŮǰѰŮӵ 
ܿһ





047ˮ

ˮ治ϵƶڶ˵ĵͺָƽӵ 
ŵŮ˭Ҳûڴƴ˿̵ֻͣǸű˴˵º

п˵ϣŮӾϵĺ쳱ɿɼڵϱ˸Žëһ 
ţס˿̵˼

ʲôԼûзʵŮҡͷľѴۣ

Ůӵķôһ̵ʧŮ߳ԡͰ

ԭ͵ڿŮϵʱѸٱɫԥĽŮ˵ϣʹ 
ײֲĸŮڵŸˡ

ɢӵϣŵǵ̫Ǹճ 
ԡĹϵɣŮӵ΢΢ţĲ⡣

Ůƹܺ󹬣貵ΪŮüĶôһ 
ǰ鲻ڣ´ûзһ㡣

ʰ´ת߳䣬һĶûпԼһۣбӶû 
С

ʹˣֲΪռԼ֮˵ĴԼΪƵ 
չֵ顣

վ˵Լ

ΪžĴûаҲԯҲգʼ 
Ӱġ

ˮϵĻ䣬ȴϵıʳֻڱʣôĲʵ

δ϶ȶϣΪģݵţЦ˼Ժ 
ǸıǱģ

˼Ϊ˺һ㶼ûٵĳûкһʹѾͷᡣ

˷٣˷ڣ鵭Įѿһ˼ܸܵ 
ѹ

ǳȥɣûϾõȡ˼˵ţŵ˳¶ǻ 
̧ͷ

ڵ

뵱ŮΪ𣿽˼ı۰򣬳վԭ 
Ƥҵ֮





048
㣬ڣתȴı䣬ֻĳ裬 
ǿӸǺ޹ѡȴҪĬĬĳһУûо 
ͷ

½һϮγģһŰ͸Ͼ 
ɫѥϵķԽԾĹâһ㡣

˿ȴаֻ±Ǧɣ

ʺ󿴹˾̰ɣŵһֻ֣ŮЩ죬Цⲻ۵׵ 
Ҫʲô

ΪҪϷĶ

Ůӵһδ⣬ǵڶǰǳȵӰҪ 


ԳеķߺޣŮųļʣлŸ 
ӿʺİ

ɽʺǧ꣬Ҳ˴񣬳ԯеǣ 
Ķƽڷĵ̣ƤаΧ塢ˮƴ 
̣һĿǰϳѾԹڳڵһࡣ

̫һݡʮ˵ݶпں 
Ƕ٣ûϸֻҪʵ£

Ų˲ǰһжδ۵ףƣ˵Ŀ 
ľ̸εʹҲãȻš

л뿪ǣˣûԼ˼ 
ûаԼ֮ǰ

Ҫºۼ۰Ҫ˼ǵãеĴڹ

ϲŮӵȻĿڣͣ˶ȴǷ̵ģ֪ԼڿȻ 
ôöڡʺʺϴ˻дв

ҪȥŮӻȻӺŭӣ΢΢һЦ 


һ͵ǰ̫ôģοϸ˶֪ 
аյĵطܾԼŮӴЦ

Щ²ҪǾûġջصùǿǹĵ 
أ




049ˮû
֪аյĵطܾԼŮӴ/Ц

Щ²ҪǾûġջصùǹĵط 
ŮӺЦ⣬ж˵ڳĹأÿһ 
ĽŮЦţԼӵĳ󻯡

Ůλá˵ͺȡ֪ܳȴۣӣֻ 
ԼϤΣ

еıӣ˵ָȺҺˮһµƤëϴĿ 
Ůӽǿһ۱ڵĺȲȥˣѾ˿ڣڰ֮ǰ 
Ůߵڵء

Ѿϣ򱩾Ĵ˵ȳأŮҡף 
ںЦţϵϱ̫ˣѪҺҲҪöı

ŮҲôĳª˲õŮӺȲĶĳˡ 
ĵ˵Ų豭ϻܿ߰Ѫ/ա

λ˧ĻʵԼֻЩĶѡοĲָأ

㣡ȷŮ˺ӦĵΪճ

߬˵ģмİ⣬޲ŵŮӻ

עŮЩȻΪֲĸ 
ĲԼţȴƿǸ˵ģ

۽΢֪ᡢʹĺ

Ҹ𣿶ڵЦЦأ

ŮƮǰȴǿĲŮ˹Ȼ 
µġǸӵ

ֽŮǽԼ档

ǰﶼбˣ˰ԵţŮӵĴǿ 
ԼĴӡ

ˮȻĻ漴ûŮʪӳ˲飬ûиκ 
ķӦ񳿵»̼ģŪ·˵ԼjiŮů/ 
ʸûаɣΪֹǲйκεĻ/





050
ů/ʺʸûаɣΪֹǲйκεĻ//

һĴŮӵ۽ǣëϵľӨ޿ɬ

һųյ֬ζݼ㵹ָĦ 
˭ȿƬõĹ

뵽µ淨Ůӱ㿪յĸо£ȿ 
ĴиŨһЩ

ջؽִŮӵʣҪʺĻʺɻҡ

΢ŮӴ΢ֺϣҡԶԡ

ôʺѾ˱ˣ΢v

ҪǻʺģǳξܾأȻһЦκӲΪԼ 
ʺ󣡺οڵв֪Լ

ʥּʺԸޣʣ΢еʵ

ʥּݸǻʵνԣѵ֪

ǻݣǻнɣͣ˾ʵ칫ֵĵط 
̬Ǳ۾Ҳǵ⸱յġ

İȴӲġ

ʺûлش׽סŮӵ֣еԼϣԵĸܵŮ 


΢ų⻹Ǿܾ

Ϊ֮⣬ΪԷΪ졣غԼ 
ֻǸɼŮ˰ˣ

ĺã˴ЦЦȴȵġ

ģµֻܷοһ֮Ů֪ԼҪĲ 
Ĵ𰸡Ҫʲôأ˲Ը˼

ٿ˵˺Ůһֱˣһֱͦһǽֱܵľ 
˵εľ롣

ûκεĵͣʱ㳵Ĺ߶˽˵Ļ 
Ӧ֮Ѿȼڵˡ

Ÿ׵İٹ٣ɽµһλϡԼ 
ʮòһ˫˪й¶ʵͣڰ 
֮ס







051ۺ


ʺ˼أʵ۵ڶߴɣǰС

ɣǳµĸףȻǳμɣỨģ 
Ӳɵǰȥ߲ŵ

̽ĻţȴûУ͵ĺͽյһ㣬ůů顣һɲ 
Լˣ۰Լĸס

¶ַŮ棬ǶԳ˲̵𣿼򵥵 
ȴǴŲģȻס

˵ڲ׺ͻʵ֮ĶԹ֮ǰֻαװĺҸԯҲ 
дɣ

εε㽫Ц֮£ΪʲôӲ 
Լһιذ

ͷүſ˳µ֣һΪ·ԱҲ׷

ʺܰԼĸװɣǣųµЦʡ

ʲô˼ÿüüĿ£˵ĻԽˡ

Ĭǰţֱ˴²֪еĿԭǼ롣

һһйݴ֮һŹ̩һ˵ǣ 
ǽλĺ˽һľģͷ󣬵ֻ 
Ŀ״

ȻǻлָĹЧǴʱĹ˻ó°Գʹ

Ե£ֳܱĳֻܰԵҧء

Ųһʱ㰲βס𣿳ý˵ 
ǹġ

һЦδڣ˵ԯжüģΪ˵м䡣

ֻ½ԺʱŵʱŶ˿̱ŻҪ 
ƶ˵š

´ųҲԼʾ˴˵λãʹ 
Լ֪ͺãѾͷֱأ

֪Ƿ꣬µɨԯУ˫Ŀʮ֪ո 
пԼ




052
أ˫ָŴظֻҪˮϲ 
ϵ˲ܲɻ䣬Ʒζķҷˡ

Сӡ˼Ϊȵɣ˹һ 
ϣסЩӣлḴԭ

ллȹ֮ůůĳͻҪȥߣֻڻӦû 
ɣ

磬Ϊ˼ȥֻһ˳·ʶֻһ· 
Żȥ

ĹϵûǳҹҲûСҹЩ¡ 
Ҷɯɯҡҷš

ЦݣŮһżǸӰлתݣ˭Ϊ 
δʯһɴҲסޣԼ·ˡ

ҪĶ˵ӦǸ̫࣬еǳ㿩 
彻ĶʲôǹЦֲĺܡ

ⲽ뿪ֻҪҪˣֺαضأһδ֪ķ

ɪżأת֮ǵûط·ô죿Цһ·յ 
ëǸĲˡ

վ˳¿۵ˣΪʵҲܲװɣԶԶĿ 
ңɼĸоЩǲ˻ȡ

ƳӰ֯͡˶ٻЦ֪ңԶ㣬 


˭˵ͺеıҲյĹ

ಡһһ֧ڽûüĳֻܴľվ˭ܸ 
״

˵еĴɱôҲţæǻΪʣ 
Ǹʵ۸ͲںԼ˺һӶӵľͿԼ 
컯ˡ

תַɳմī֭ëöԷ֮ԯгߵĳ 
䣬ȴЦ⣬ˡ





053ۺ󱻽
ȵһһ֮󳤽ʣ׼ȵĳԯдת 
ڵİֻɫӰ΢βһתֱָ˵ 
ֳȭԯеؿڣʹԷ˺һࡣ

վӵ˽һ˴εĽǶûƶԷص˼ֻ 
ʽûڹ

Ⱥ˳ԯյϣǸǿ 
ϣժɴЦԯ߰˷ֵƶ˼ֵƤ봿档 


ҪþͲˡСԼĵܵǱǸĺܣû 
үݣһֱҵǱȦֵģ 


סܲ˵ķۣԸȥЩµİܻԼҪ 
бǸҾʧ㿴ŵ˵ţȻô

ĸ㣡һǸĵطǸТĶӡ˭øһȢ 
ɩӸҵġε˵ţһ뵽̫Ҫٰڤ飬ӵϾ˺ 
ߣ

ǱʲôԺۣԯֱ⡣ڹ 
һ仰˵쳣أӸ˵˼Ķ⣬ԯ 
˸ơ

һ⣬ָһŮһıڣĵ 


¸ɴǻ֮ҡͷ״ΪҪ 
ˣʺɩʵ

ǵĻʺ󿩣ϸĴŮӣƤܺ 
ЩٶЩӦǸ˲Ŷԣϧü̱Ǻ͹ˡɱ 
ۺұڽЦԻȡһҩ衣

ϲŮüͷûһµ˵΢Цѿ㲢롣 
ƽĿ˵

ûһɱֻɣֻһɱǰɱһλʵҲδ̫ 
ˡ




054ҩ
ֻһɱǰɱһλʵҲδ̫ˡ

ڴʱҲûмȥԭ򣬶ԯһ˿ 
һ򲻰֤֮ʵ졣

ӵжһ˿ͣŮȤİɣǺǣ 
ǻ淨ˡ⿪ŮӵĵҩУ˵һЦ 
ҩԻ

ǿɰɫлƶĴС˿ȴǧڲ֪ҩЧǰ 
ôأ

ƲԯߣޱĿԼӵˣԼǲ̵ 
ɡԼ

ǴҪɱǣҩ̽õܻ߱Ҫǣ 
šĶҩأÿһ¶ſԯʱ 
Ѿ˾

㲢ôȥǰɣǰЦˡΪǵŮ 
Ҷܽܡ۵͸ıˣŮӵЦʧˡ 
أ

Ǳ͵

ĵ̾ϢŮָ˵գǲͣĴʱ̰

ԯкͳµĽпƺЦЦҲ֡Բ 
΢ۿŮӰ⿪˵

㣡Ҫֹͣ˰գΪҩѾºһ亹

һܴӦһ𣿸ڿʼʹŮӵָ˸ 
ü˵ҵĹǻɽҿɵİ裬Ҫʺ 
ͷҲǳµڣ𣿡

һȼţθһƬȣѸӵÿһ 
ԯеϥһ˫ֽתһ˵سŵ 
־֮ǰ뿪ɣЦţлæԼ 


ʹϮȷǶҩʱ򣬳²Ȼġ





055ֶ
ҲãͲٹŲ֪Լ˭ˡ

˿ƣԯҵɷüͷһѪԿܿɺֻ 
޷š

ĻӳüԽǰƵǵıһǵ 
Ϊ

Ϊƽ

˫ƵţżⲻʱɨŮ˵塣ĺأ 
ɩӵûй㣬ȴ޶ԣ˫̯ͬŮɩˡ

ԺĿʼŮӵϣЦŮô 
֮ǰԾʲôһͿԵġĵһߣ 
ϵ˲ᱻ

üϲһĻ

ҩЧôӦǻĶɣݣô˵Ҳˣ 
֪һշްնأŮ˸еҲǳ 
עɷɣ

һۣԯеͷǶ˶һʮҵһ֣ 
µǿΪʱˡ

ĴɩġĻʵϸļе̫൫ɩҲܿ˵Ժ 
ûкඣӰΪŮȴһɩ˼ֶ

ǧ㡣˼򵥵ĴŵȴӽĻ

ݣĴָֻѪҺߵĶҩһɩӱˣ 
뵽ķʽǼƤΪһֶʲô 
涾ʥʦ⼸ǰ׻ˣȻ̽̾ϢҪ 
ʦˡ

ܻãе㷳̫꣬˷˱;

°ɣûиȷеʱӸ̽Ůӵһֻ֣ǲŵ̽ 
̽ôᣡ˦Ů˵һĴҽ

ˡӵûпӸղŵıֵȥɣֵž 
ӾҪˡ



056Ц
ƣఴ̫ٹͿԽһгΪȻˡʱ 
ŮҲ

£˿ǵһڽӵĿԭصġ磬ֹ 
ϴӦҪ

ôˣվȭӵؿڣǻĵܵҲпɬʱ򣡸ò 
СΪ˰ɣȵԺܰѴɩ𣿵֮ 
Ӧò١

㣡ԯ΢ŭȴ˵һ𱸵ĻŮĵܵˡܺãô 
ĸʡһЩġáӲļûӦǽ

ףӵĿڳµĳפȥʧããҹɫС

ˣҹצʱĽĻץơ

·ڰϣŮǿʲôŻԹԵĳ¶ҩɣϻ۵ϲ 
֪Լж֮ʱǾڣʱɻ 
˵ļ˵İȻ뵭Į

ָŮ˵˯գûʹ𣿷Ľëɫ 
˵ȵȣˮʧѪü

ŮӵĴ꣬ɫȴ۵ĺܣкܴķǼ˵˫ 
ֿʼѰźۼͽ͵Ľ

ǣԼôֻҪŮһͻһӰйص 
롣

м㣬޸ղŵԸ𣿲֪ŮӻԼ 
˿ЦλڵοԼأ

֪ԼҲ֪ǴʱǸϺǷҲ֪

˵ĺʵںڰ⣬ͣ˸ÿһգǴŲ 
ͬ壬京ֻԼ֪

ǰγۣ˶̤ϵŮ˲ȻһЦҪæ 
طܶ࣬޵Ļʺ

ҹĿЦͬκѪȵζ





057˭ǿ
ŴˮŮʹĵšȫȼšƤ 
ѪҺﶼܵĻ磬ǻǸɺԵɳĮһܵ䶯Ѱ 
ˮԴӸá

Ҫ𣿵Ϸ˵˭Ůӵüͷ΢Ҫ 
۾ȴֻǶ˼½ëѡ

ǿҪôҪʹأѵ

Ŵ꣬ˮڵҪôźã

ʺ㲻ųˣҪ޿㣡ԭ̰ĸ¶ 
û

ԭǶţ

֮ǰ㻹ûлȥ֪˼ѾͷôĶһһ 
ٵ˵ᱻڻȥǲңӡ

ÿµһεת˵ԽӵĵͳѾͷԭ 
Ҳ֮ˣĻԼλ

ֹͣˮĶ˵ˮǾ޿ɲᵱˡŮ 
ʱ/Ǻöأ紵ŮӵĶʣû͵̫ãȴ 
Ҫϡ

ָĶ촽΢ѿƿӣѪ˿߳Ż衣Ҫ 
ǣ޹

۾񱻽ˮճˣ˺ô

ŮӵͷţۼȫһϵѪҺ˶ﻬ 
ںǻţüͷþ۾գۼһϤ 
Ӱ۵ףŶԼд

ơĻţǿںһš

˲գ˲һĶŮˣܽ˭ 
һռ𣿲Ҫǵİ飬һ߾ֵȥֵ 
ں

ɶ

Ů˾Ȼҿˣ



Ǹ˾ȻҶŮˣ۵ģǸ۵ģ/ 
yin

ЦЦó°Ǹĵľİɣ




058˿
ʺѡĻţĹ֮˶ݡô 
ӦһǰŮˣԯιŮ˺ȹˮ֮ϸĵĽ 
ȥϵѪ˿ᡣ

جڳãԯֻչʾԼһ棬 
ҲǺѡֻǸ˻ȵҩûжġŮ˵ԭ 
˵Ѳ죡

ͷ²ȣƭСӵĻ˵ĺ˳ڡԼ뿪 
跨ⶾҲɣ

ôˣŮ˵εĵǵʹҽ

ˡס˵ֱۣҡףֺαϷأԼѾ 
ֱۣѾɺ˵ѪϲЭ˿ſó

µġüΪŮ˸ղŵľٶʹ˿ٴε߳Ѫ 
̵´ȥ»𾪳Ұ˵ʵ飬ǻһĨ޿κεЦݡ

㡣Ϣ΢ڵû㹻˺²û 
Լ²С΢Ц˵Ļ

Ϊ˲ϵĶȻܶԼ˺ģĺܿ£˵ 
Ƶı˺УǼѪĶ

ƣ˵֣Ƕ

һ顱ĵҪûǰ鷢ĻΪԼġ

˿ںûҩϣִ˿ҪʮġֹŮ 
˶Լֻһ㣡ûϵʺ˲Ҳˡ˵ԯе 
Ρʺ



ϲʺ˵㡢ҡĳƺ޵ĳڶ಻ʺһס˳µĻ 
ĲϲԳΪ檣յĽ֮ʹһ̡ûĳµ 
ע˿ϡ

һˣΪĻǲܺأ

Ľֿƺһ漴òãȴʹô 
̧Ϊȥ߳ĺ飬ŮĲͬ



059ʺ
ʹô̧Ϊȥ߳ĺ飬ŮĲͬ

жѪᣡԯҧ˵Ů˾ôСԼҲҧس 
ģأ

ǺǣŮӵЦΪǶеɰݣԼͦȥ 
ΪӰɣһ˵գһֻ˶ǵޣ 
ˣ

Цҡͷķô߻֮ôүҲı֮ 
ˣô۰Ů˽ڵ֣֮ڳеĵλıλ 
ȵ죡

ŮЦޣõֱסŮӵ򦣬ݺݵȥǳͷyu 
Ҳ˵

ϣū˼СѾͷţųߵͷ

ԯе䣬ΪĵŮȫҪλá 
һǼˣϲ˼ġѾͷЩĲʺڹ档

ʺ˵޴ˣΣյĿŮЦ檲ң

޿ûлʺ󲻸ҵأҹνǼ¡ԴʶŮ 
Ժפĵطپж

ǣЦһָָſڣĵԼǹһȽϺá

˫ϥת֮θٴεӿһ̣мˡ

ڵõԺ˼̶ˮֳһˮ˻ 
˳¡ҪҲҪū˵һŮΪһϣ 
زǳѰҲǡ

ԡŮǸЦţôĲܿƣһʺԯе 
ڣüٴλ˯Եԯеǰû̫ʹã

ūȥҽվ˼ԯһѳסϻָɫ 
κˡ

Ѿͷȴһϵ˼ȥ

ŮٽĺȵſѾͷڵϡ

ū֪ˡٶĲҲȲ˼ֻΪˣ





060ӽ
֪Լǵڼ͵ԯߣĿʼڴ 
ĳʲôûš

Ƕ/˳Ϧദ꺮ůΪġΪǵĹϵ 
ʵһ

ÿʱͱһδԲпʵ

ҪģҲΪ˳ҵˡ

Ժԥ뿪֮ǰһ㸴յѾˣ

ԯ˳ȥʲô˲Ŀ

϶û˫ֳʵֵ״΢Цŷ羰Ҳ˵ɣ 
ͻȻǼҸ¡

ԯų£ڵЩһץ˼˵δץ 


Ķ̫ˣֻ˼ɡƮȻǵıͲ 
̨İɫĵȹ㼣ǲгɫüϿɷﳼ 
һæ

ԯвЦĽնԵ֣ȹš

עųµת仰壿˽ȴٳٵĲϳʣ· 
һնϵĶ

檲ý´ߴ١

νӽ»һǳɣֻһǷȹŽڿƮ

ĵЦֽסƬٴİɫԼأ

˴ĺӽԵɿõ಼ۣ 
֪ԼѾݽȥˣֳܱ۶壬檺ͻ֮ƺע 
ĳֽ֡˵Ȼ嵭

ڴʱ˴ˣǳеȫǸˡ

뿪ʱɻΪأһҲã˿ܲȡ 
һͬҲá

ģ˫Լֻۣ֪̽Լˡ

֮ڻϾͬЩī֭İߵֻҪ˱㲻ǵĺۼ 
ΪĵǴ󣬸ҪλáԭתһȦȦһǵȹ 
ǸԲı䡣ȹӻǲС

͵͵ЦŮӵĳϾ͵ɫ





061ִ
紵ۣĹϵӭķˬޱȣˣԯ 
ԭԺǳʲһĪĶ

֮ԼǰߵѣΪ;ĺܡڸ

һ罫Ƭ滹Ľӡ˭˵ĶͲºۼȥ 
ҲȻĻʺ

ʰ˳ȥʱ̤Ƭ鲼ԯгֱһɫ÷ţ 
ĴҲһĨЦݡ

ǶԻǴᡣ

Ц̧ٳſʱеëƬ÷ԣһʵĻ֦

޵ĺ÷ʢҪ޵ָߣԵġ

ɽ˫Ƶյ±ϣſڵϺͲݽ顣ڵϵķ 
컨ţŮֳڵϣһֻɡ״ڶǰԭ

мŮķҷѹӢһš

˵ĽŲ¿˻ƻһ̵ıӰ͵һĨȣ 
ʱ

Ůӵ﾿Ĺ£

ŮӵͷеգεǼ䱻紵ɢ־۵ƣ 
ʲôװ

ѱҺûлͷŮЦŶ˵ѵǵ 
ʱɣлл˵ıŮӲͷ˫ֽڸϡ

ϢԺܰġ

ҸղǷ罫ҴȥɻһۼںҵˡŮӵ 
޿κΡ֪ҵ˸ⶼǱĵġоŵıһŮ 
΢Цݼࡣ

ڻϵǰ׹䣬һ𣿲˻شŮݸҲ 
ᡣΪҵļֵڣŮĵײ

ʺˡ˵ٴαŮӵĻŪΣ˵Щű߼ʵĻͰȻʽ 
ȻͬԼ˽̫ˣ

ţأԾʵĹâ

Խǧİִԣǲ˭Ӧأ 
ŮӵҲɺΪǰ㡣

ľɫأдƬɭֻһ̶ˮǵ½סԼĻһ 
أ





062嶯
˫ƻ˫ִŮӼԼ⣬סԼ 
һζԼʱľ

ĶһʯӣǻʻҪûüأ

ֳڵŮΣյǽüͷѹţǻ𣿲ð 
ȻŮһԼ׹ٲ֮ء

ŮӳɹվڱԵЩͯɵһЦϸӰڳԵ˿ 
еʧȻô˿̵

ҿָأָָ£ŮӸԼһеЦȴ 
ŨŨġ

Ůˣ˵ͺȵĳȥ᲻СʧϷû 


ڵţŮǷֲ壬ΪĶŭ˭ 
ѹŭ˴ŮӽµΣָ

ǿʯͷȻǶ壬ƽ滹˿ʵ·㣡

ֻŮӵĳ̤˺ʱЩȣȥϵС 
ҲŻȥʺ󣡴һڿУǣסŮ˵Ӳǽ 
Ļ

̫嶯ˡŮӺЦˣڿоֲҡǾ 
ȥҾǱ˴˵Ψһأ˵š

ûһ˿ľŮӵҲץ˵½ֻһЩ

Ůֻ˱ĶǶеһ 
ҫɫϣֻܼһ˫ʢЦۺڰ׷

ڶӳŮϣŮӺķÿһĶ/ظ 
Ǻ֮/˵ĸй١

˫ۣ뿪һҵϮŮЩµ˵Ķͷ 
еգ˿ڷˡһöҰЦ԰ɣأ 


ٴεĻصԣ֪ԼΪصˣΪںܱ 
㹻ˣԼǷġ

·ϣ׼ȷĽӵŮϣҰҲ˾ 
οѰǵҲܿ쵽ġá˳ĽãŮӴײ





063Ų
á˳ĽãŮӴײ

ʺ̬ϴ˽ǹǵһЦ̧Ůڣ 
мں濾ʱסˡŮˣ˭׼޵·ģεĳ 
ŵŭĿԶԡ

ǣں֪ŮӴ󷽵Ŀȴ֮ǰǴ 
硣ϰ檵·ʱҲδοֻ纮壬 
˼̫ˡʱĳɸӣɲ뱻ɱ

ʺҲûܾ˵ԱҲأһ϶²Ů 
ȼյԽӵ

е֦ڻУɿߵʯͷǿգ˵ 
￴ǣҲûоܾգ۾ڳ𣿡

ӣԼǺв֪һŰɣ΢

ʺ޺󹬷Ť˳Ҫ˼Ѿ 
ﴩ׵ŮߡһһȷʵЩ˵ǧٸʮ 
ָϣͻٿԼһ㡣

ʺƺԼŴƵŮӵǰšʱŮֺα 
أ

׽סҪֵĳµ֣˺Цš

ԽǿԽȤŮǺܶԼθڡһŮӽ 
ڻУҹǸһԭʼܻ/İɣ

˻Ůʹ쭳ȥʱŽһжȥΪ˸˲ 
˿ֻԼ˿ڱ¶⣬ڲ˶ûл赹ԭ 
ڻ˯

ǳŲˡ

˫Ůӵ˵ıûв׽еĵǡ

ʺ˺ⲻüͷһֱŮӵ¶ѿҲûᣬŮ 
ӻȥпʼֻĽŮӱͲʧȥһ 
ɵŮˣ˵ʹҪԼΪʲôҪӲš

ӻ˰ɣһ˺˻Ҫþȫȥչˡ





064ֿ
ŮӿĺˮĶһεķһƬ̲ܹ˼Լ 
ڷգֻһ㡣

ˮȣ˾ٻһˮں˿ڵѪɫ 
ŮŮӵüͷȴģĿϣ˵˫ 
вȵĺš

αҪôأ᲻뿪᲻ȴȥԼ 
ʲô

ٴεƻλŮ֪Ҳ͸֧ˣȴǳӣֻΪү 
ܻѰݺҸŮ˵ģΪΪҳȴԼ

ҪҺÿ𣿱ҪСŮҪƿȥԼ 
µĻҪġֻǲǷ顣˵Ҳ͸ű䡣

ŮӵЦ˺òʵأʱ俼һſҵ֡ʱ 
йر檵ŶԡΪƺ˵ĸ飬ǲõġ 
ΣʱʱȥԼļֵ

˵ֱ΢Ůӱ侲ĲԼԮֵ֮ġ

˿Ƿյͷ˰ɣĺҪӺνأ

ֻҪֵĺܽǣҸ׾˲𣿻гڹǸΨһ 
Ů

죡þĺ˵͵˼ޣôҪҪ뿪 


ǺǣЦĲΪˮĹϵҩЧ˵ÿ쿴 
ԷᵹθڰɣͷЦ˭Ȱɣս 
ֻҪվǰλò迪ս˵йı

ѵõ뿪Цһ¡ЧȻá

޽죡ΪٻʹͿԲ޵ּޱǿнŮ˵ 
ǰµЦջŮַʽע 
ˣ

ܷŮѾӰ죬ǰȻĮ 
Σһ̡




065˯Ŷ
ҹĻ˿ڶһ

û˵˽ţ˵˽ӵŮˣ 
ǶбԼļϡ

һɴ󳼺ҵʺʱһѵĻ档ֹκ˵ 
ӸųߣһֱĻ 
С˵Ľ

ʱķĴ󳼹֮⣬һҽ 
˫ΪΣɼʵ۶ԻʺǶôĳ谮Ͷǿҵռ

ϸȾ˷纮ֻҪҩް˿лŧļ󣬳 
ϺõĽҩʹãӦǲ°̺۲ǡҽüͷʼһģ 
˿ڲǵ·յɻȴûҩΪΣ

ʺҽΪΡ˵ţպҲõ 
ˡ¾ܾǰǿǣǿЦ⣬ĸҸ

΢һŮӸһ˽˵ĻУ̺м䡣һͬ׹ȵ 
֢״ӦһҽһķץҩǡϵĶٸ֪˱Ƚ 
ãöһ޹ԩꡣ

ﻹó

뱾ܷ纮֣ͬǽʯһҩкβɣ 
˿ȴҽ亹ʺ˼ԲˣҲ˵ˡ 
ȥ׼ҩŻϺϢ˺תժ²פ 
ȥ

ڳµӽԯеҲʧȥ

ʺȺǰҪһӷδɵķü硣 
ֻۼ˯˶ѡϿɲЦŶǿЦ⣬ĶǷ 
һҪ˯أ

ͷ΢΢Ĳû֧ŵ㣬һֱ˯ȥǾͺˡǲ֪ 
Լأ

ֻ˯Ŷ𣿸עŮƽ͵˯գ֪Ƕڷֻܵ˯ 
ˡЦҪ˯̫ã޻ûʺ֪

һþ˵ݣ˫ȴŮӲɿ

Ļ˯ĸЩɣڶȴĻ̣




066ع
Ů͵Ľţİĸ˵ĺøУǹذ 
ɣûǿԼվŮҲǹĸ

¶ڳµĴǰݾķɫ࣬óڳܵʹࡣ 
дĿɬŮôΪ

ĵһЦ˵ʲôأ

Ůһ¿ɷʣЩҪȷе֪ڵõүĬʵ 
ڹҺĸ׻Ů֮׻⽫ѡ񣬵ȴ 
˫ȭ

ǣϢڲϵķţأںܶǰѾѡˡ

ڼڣڣŮ᾵֣⺢ӵӲġһƽ 
ģĳ´ֲڵķۼգ˶Կʤ

ֹģȴûз

һԵɣ

ۺʱԶǵŮԶһ϶˵߱𵽴 
⣬һƬΧƵϣƮȻֻһЦݸ¡

ۿĨįıӰ˶٣ΪһڸԼ 
ȴŮݣҲȴǵİ

˱ӣ΢е㳹ǵ֪˵ɷֽ 
ŮӿЦЦᣡ

ڴǰ򴽲ֻĿŮӣŮӴߵĨЦʼ 


ôأԼǷܷŹˣ

˼ҪѿڵĻŮӰЦԼɵЩӳ檻ε 
ϡõļܽʹ

أҲ룿

ռعϰԼȥͺá΢գһڵ 
Ĺĺÿأ

⼸յһεʱգֻ¶ˮԵֶѡ

ڳүղĵط˵ķŮӵϣĿȴ 
ᡣ

Ʒ˿ʹŮ˺ЦҡʱϾḷ̌ѪܵĻ 
ͷôģԺҲҪ




067ʺǧ
ֲսŮüͷ΢ȴŵЦ⣬Ů͵ 
ֻԼʲôȻתҪӡ

ֻҪصǽ˿Щᶫ

޽ȥٳʺϢһƵĵ߹ֻµζŮ 
Ʈ顣

ҲգαҪ̰һҹ´أǾʹ˱ɣ

ҹĳԼĸҥ

ңꡣ

ҡҷˮմʪ°ڣۺ󲢼վֻǱ˴˶¡Ц 
ĿⲻʱƮڻʵϣתΪԹڳµĳգվӦ 


ٹٴ׶ڣ֮ǰ˰ļƴ˵ݲ 
ͳƣ߷뱨δ顣

ûȺʼŲķΨһÿüȻȻ 
Ĳɳ檴Ѳذɣ

΢֪ȥ֮ҪԵ״ʲô޾Σʱᱬ 
ܻ֮Ů֪Լ˵ʲô

ΪܴѲٴ꽻ӵʱ̣ȴ 
ÿ˲ܺӡ

ĸϣ⼯һŮӰ׶

ڳ̧׻ǲЦŮȥʲôأȥ 
ղҽȽʵЩ

ǹĸǳү˭Ӧʣ

үк飿еǣֱӽⶪף 
ͬɣΪڼڣ֪ΪڻʵжԳү 
һ˿֮ġ

Ϊ˲̧˼棬ݵʺ飬ʥ֮ 
Ķ֮ʵ֮ϱţʺǧꡣҵɵŮΪ 
ƽġ

ʺǧ꣡ɽ֮ȱȴڳ֮˳ۺԹڵأϵ׹Ҫ 
쳹ɽ֮䡣

֮Ҳ֮þòɢ





068֮
ܾ֮ĻᶼûУѲһ±Ѷͬһɽ 
⽫Ȼ֮ǰһξףᰲȻ

ŮӾƷĺ˵עӡ

ԼҪѲصԭ󲿷ǲ֮࣬һǲع 
ʹ˽ᣬ֮㲻ѪԶԡ

˵ųѡӱܡ

ʺĴ壬޸лɬȻĿڣֻƮľţ 
̩ȻԽĻš

·һȥʧС

Ů̧еıӲͣתţѰǳ檸лϲǣǰ 
´лӽամһֻڹǶȹֻһ 
߹ļ

ֽ˵İ̺ڣµģֻΪǲö 
ԼϵĶŮЦ

ƾϺˣһƽķֻż򵥵ӿɺãϷ 
ʵ˵ޡ˵Цǰɣ

Ҫſȴ˷ϸĴ֣ƴһǷŵ 
һ˿ˣҲ

δʺ̸̫е㲻ͬҲҪƽ֮⡣

ǣĽֻûĻڴʲôأ

Ӳǳ˱ŵ֣ʧȥ¶Щս˿տյ֡

ɽأŮӿڼѷֲԼֻĿ 
һۣҪǵģ

ڹеȻʺͲ̷ӭŮӵüĿ˵˾вĻ 
ŮʧЦǧ֮й֮òţͷҲǡ

˵Ů̫֣죬һΪ׼õķ 
ȥԭڳϰݵĳǲòǸռȵų 
ȹ֮մŢ

øø˲ǣһȥ飬ϵλ󸽷Ҳ 
һȥһ·Ϊǹ֮һ㡣ŮȻһЦ 






069˼
ﻹǵվЪϢһ°ɣ壬˼ǵ壬ôԵ 
ڳڸҩʱǹģľͺʹ

ᱣĵ

վ˶׼ӷֳڳϢÿһվ㻻 
١Ըǰƴл֢֮˼Ϣŷ㲻õУ 
ˮһɻ𻯣ü˼ţֻ 
ʵɣ֮ڽӰƴʽȫ

ӹ˼ݹĲ豭µƮҹĻʲôأ

ָ΢нߵţŹڵϵİʹߡĺܳ 
ϡ

˷Ҳǲִ񣬲ҹ̣ĵ 
ΪЩա

ݸһЦΪԼǿ͸ףŮ˰鿴ıԼ 
Ҫ

ү̵һŮأֻϧٺҲŮ

ǣŮĲʵȤǽȴ 
ԯлȥ˰ʹ߲ŮʵǷζĺܡ

ϡŮӽϵɴ޵ķϣŸߵݽؿһչţ 
ߵ鰸ǰָ˵ļΪɽЩӲļ򡣻ҹҹ 
ܵס

Ϣŵ΢˵ľֲʧ/ζ

ٳҹǰЦȴŵȻĳգ˿̵˼ 
ɣɷǲᱻϡ

ɷеԴסЩǻʺϵˣ 


ϡŮӽź۲Ƶ˵ǰֱӵ/񾭡ֻŻ 
ϣԻΪȣϣıϸȡŮӵĴ˵ľ 
ĸı䷽

ٳǸأЦһŮӱĻУõɴ 
ȻƮһǣ˸׺סŮӵĹǵŮ/ȴӷչΪ 
Ů˵Ĺ

һҹĳΪŮˣȴҲǱĿʼ˺Ů˵ĴϢþõĻص 
ڣպĺγǿҵĶԱȡעʼδǿ֮ 
У





070
һüšЩٱȾߵİʩԱ̣ 
нţǸ㡣

Щ˶ԴµһĳʹΪЩ޹ֿ 
ȴ޷ȥЩٱȾߵĽֻ·һɣ 
ϧ⡣

˼ЩʲôȴǶ׽˼һͬ 
ʹá

ɹݰɣӹ˼ĺ⣬ЩǻžȺ 
ȥ֮ǰһҪŸҡֻͷ

͹Ƶĵ֪ɫΰݣӵϢǻʺҪŻ 


֪ԽȥŹڵϵˣķʹ̰٣һ 
̰٣ԺҲȱɫ졣֪˹æ 
к󱾹Ի֪ᡣ

ּ˹˺һԣȴҲȥϾǻʺ󣬵һ쵽 
ÿġ

ЩĹūžͻ¡

˰ղĵȼֿ½µԶǸļһٳ⡣

һʱʱ䰴ճµҪΪ˻һпܵĸȾԴΪҽ̫ 
ҽһڰճþ߽ÿˮУ״׵ķ㣬ڲȷ 
֮ǰֻЩ

ȷ˵󣬳ʹһЩһЩѰռǨ 
ƽԭָӦע⵽ϸڡͬʱ˰ӼʵΪ 
ؽԹ

ĸʱʺŮ·ĴԱ䶯ƴ޲ݸס

ūͺáһλϸ赹ڸոմĵطǶĵĻɫж 
ְɣûоֻܾˣֺǲ

Ϊϸ֮󣬳´̫ҽ֮ĻرŰ 
ߣ

ųվģŹȥԼѧʲôܰǡ

ҽѧרҵҲǿƫƫ´˸ָ





071˭
ҽѧרҵҲǿƫƫ´˸ָ

ڳȾԸʹＱءŧѪճҺΪ֢ǲ 
תõҩȡֽīôҲΪġ

˷վڳ˼ţôĴҽûа취 
а취𣿶ҩȻֻζǵζƷ

ѡǶѡĸµЦԼεѡ˵ 
ЩˣԼ˲̤ϡ

֪ǷҲΪԼһתأ̧ͷ죬˫ȲµԼǻ 
ߵȺǰ档

תһӰɹü˼Ѿмˣ˭ 
𣿶һ٣

׾й֮ڸ֮

ŰϢԯ΢۵ԻЦ⣬жأ 
˼򵥵ķڶ˿ܻӮ֮ģ

ֻĴ˾ΪԼΪ

ĽΣڳµ׼࣬ΪأŮ˹ 
Ļʺֻûлʺ

֪Ϊʺٵһƥ˹ػĮ

ʺ£ʥּ˰ˣܵԲҹ 
ȵ

ôβһģڻ谵ĵƻŮ 
Եá

ʺȻͬһŮӣͲǴ˿̣ҹ֮ҹڵԼɣ 
ǸͬѰŮӡ

壬²Ϊµڶ롣һżĪϤ 
ȴûӡ󡣻ʺǡǰ¶

͸Ÿ㣬⣬鼮ºܻĴ 
ӣɲϿԭĳµӡɣϾ˿ 
˲ô׵ȴ

ԼйΪƺڿžʶ





072Բ
ĬٳĬ

ӭŮڤ˼˵ЦʱŶԭԼӡ 


²ȴֲ£ü֮гֻܸܵȴ벻 
ˣϤİ˰ɣ

¶ǵ˵УƷҪȡ

𣿳²ŵؿͻʹһУֱصǰľ 
ģ˽Ƶӳǰʹ˵

ʮ𣿿³ƺһ˵Ļ߳ЩѪʹ 
ʱأ

µգ綺ŪƤǳںˮԾɧĲݴŮŹ 
ǷЦڴߺ˺þõֻΪһ̵

ܵĻİһֻüԶԣķӦŵ 
ʱȤĴţָƽüĵľᡣ

㲻ϥŮɢĳƮ˵롣Ϊ 
ѡ˫һ̯˵ŮεϺ񱻺ܶĶźò 


㲻ǵ˭סŮӵ֣峺ʹǵ 
ڱ˴˵ģǻŮӡ

üǵŮӷֻв͵ġ

𣿵üѡ˽

òŮ˵תԱߵĺˮУǵЦӾ 


һƯԾˮУŮӵӰʧããҹɫУͽ˵˻ 


¶˽ĺУӦȴֻɪɪˮĻ 
Ůӣڰߡ

ҵĳͷΪҰһ˵ߣΪҲȥ㣡˱ 
ԼͷʹĶɫȴ˶һӦ¶ûȻ 
˽ɽҲȱ˵Ҫ׷ڵ

˽ָˮᵯɽעҪ˳صĴ

˷ĺУں嫵ԭҰĻص䣡





073ղ
ƺδ񱼾ĳҲҪҵ

ǵģˣڵҪظᣬȻκűԼڹĻ 
ᣬ䣡

ڿʹĳŹƶķĵʹʱͺ޲ܽƶ 
Լ

Դӵ֪йƶ֮˸ְ취ӽҪȴǿ 
ܿΪ¶

ɺޣ

ΪҪһδε׽Ūǣֻమд

ղ´ܶ¶𣿡ܲȵŮ°۾ 
ʮꡣ

ղ磬¶׺ִ֮ϣ 
ͯδʵű̫ҫ۵ĹâסĶĳŵ

ղһ𣿡ʮٻŮɬ

ҪҺͻʵ۳Ҳ˼𣿡֮õ˴ 
ǵòǰȴ̧Զԡһ٣Ǵķ 
ղ¶һֻͯĳƺȴĶ㿪 
ﻹֻЦһ뿪ˡ

ӴδΪҪֻǸ

ģνǧΰҵһ˼һİŮˣ

¶ʹֹסᱼһҪʧȥ

ããɫҪȥѰأ

Ĺڵ˴ȴ޼ƿʩ

ղһ޵ĺڿռŵƽԭļĺˮҲܽû 


¶Ѱҵȴϡ¶ĺţش 
ֻлѡղ˾Ӧһ¶

ǰܵĺţոյֻǻþ

СȷǸǳ¶е֮ƶδİ 
ģ

ղ磬¶ȺʹƮٴδֱ˷λԶĲݴ 
зȥ





074ͯɳ
ղ¶ʹ˲˵ֻǿԼŮǵռί˵ 
ţϵ˿

۵ĶŮߣһ˫ۻƬһźţѪȻ 
ŧˮѪ˿͵ĵӼɢŶ

˵ּ˳ȥȴջغţǰˮ

û˸ɵǸ˵ħצȴǲƴԼȥ 
Щ˵ĲϧԼ

ڱڶԼ飿

ղ¶ʹŮ˵ֱҡΣ˲µĺͯ 
Ǵ档

ղڣ¶ʹˡ˱ˣڳǰûʸڳһ 
̬ţŮ˳˽˵ţ۾ӵŸߴ˻ 
̲סʵղôôߴأ¶Ҳأ

̽ӲʱգţֻǻԵЦ

ǹƶĹϵķӦǼĺӣȴǵԼ˶ˣ 
Ǵֻºʱ

Ƿָĳ£ὫߣԶ

ʹס˵֣ŮӺÿüľţ۴ţ˵˸ί 
ˮϣһʹ

¶ӣղҩ֮Ͳʹأ˺ǿһЦŮӣ 
ȴŮӺܲ˵˵ղЦĺó󣡡˵۵ָ˵Ĵ 
СƤЦ⡣

¶εЦţСʱ¾ǰĶЦΪС˵ģ 
Цֻڶʱš

ŮӵЦһĽᡣ

ٲзϵ˫Ҳ˵ŵأ

ղ¶Ҳˣ˿ŵš

ָ̧ŮӵĻ˯úúõЪЪˡŮɺãޱ 
ǺԷתصβõ˿Ҫƿ˫Ŀȴֻͣڲࡣ

һǸΪնԳ¸ʹĴۣ




075



ͷʹͳ񾭣Ů̳ü

ģ߷Χһжİģ֮ԼסķҪݻ࣬е 
ζ

˳ͷһſݵǰһ˲΢ŮӼҹõİ 
ӡ

Լ°

ӵŮӵľ΢ʲô

ѿӵֱۣһԼ£»»㣡

̧һ˿Ůӿɬ飬ƺ⡣

вŮǷԼľٶԼǽ䱸ӵ 
˿ˮֻ¡

ģŮҲԼ޶ɣ

ϵ˺أϢɣסŮҼλ֪ԼĻֻ 
ȿӵ״̬ˡ

㿴ҵӣŭϮŮӲûбϣΪԼӵ 


תŵӴóĬشŮӵ⡣

ȷǿӣΪȴֹ񣬿ҪռΪеġΪǱ 


ֻĵҪǾͲˡǰˣԸԼ˿ 
Ҳİӿ⣬ȵȣԯгμʱûп 
㱻ռˣĵȴûŭ

ʶЩʲôģ̾ϢţԭҪԼΪĸ硣

۽궼ǵ¡

أҲҵԼֻעֻమأ

һȥɣȻ㲻ɱҡŮ嵭ĿڣȴǸԼص 
ˡҪҵԭʲô壡

ҽҲҽģοĶνÿأ

Ȼ䣬ǾԼȥѰҿҪλǼݣ



076
ҵľӰƵĳ߬ճȭνӲȻڵ 
Լ顣

κγµӲĸ

αأŮɬɬЦţΪӵִҲΪԼġҽĺҲм㣡ҽ 
ܻ㵢ҵ

صȥıӰȥҲǼҸ¡

ͻȻһ˵ľѾ뿪ҪԼЩ 
ۼ뿪ǲǽڡ

ܳǾϧÿһϦˡ

صǸ߶˵ôҪʹԼĶˣ

ʮбȲĻ

̫֮ǸŰѰֲĹ裿

ҵɷǣһҪˣһǶôĶ϶

ֲִ֮Ҫϣ

˾ֵˣ

ŮӵЦҸìܵ˼ʴ޴ӿܣ

ͷԼĻᣬֵ֮ͣûзſ֣һ 
ж᲻һɣ

ŮȻǳµծϧ

֮йУİޡֻ㣬ѷյĳ¡ 
νķſҺ壡˵ţʹ鲻ʹ˶ϵĺ 


˵ûгعҲ㲻Ǹ

üζбԼĸоΪϤأ

ԼĳܸܵԼΪ΢΢ʹţҪȥӦõģ 
ѾǴǰĳ£ôܻĺۼ

壡ظţЦڷƣסŮӵУ 
һĨĨ

¶úݵģӵ˵ţȻ֪ļûԼ黹 
ġ

ֻһεķעһԵţܸ𰸡




077
Ӧ߶Ƶ£Ӳٵĵֻÿշ 
֭ȥΰϡ

ѾֵҩȴɲɫҲԼ 
á

Ȭֺ磬˰ˣ˵ķʱΪ˰ɣ

һȴٽ̸ĶԻ˵ˡ

ֽ֪ݳղǳµı磬ҲǵйĻʵۣǡԼˣ 
ĸоĸ

ǲټ棬ĻʵۣõĮȥԯһ 
εŰ֮¡

֪ԼΪ¶ΪЦЦ

һǳĵӣһľλ֮żϵڡ

Ѿƽദ죬Ƶ飬˵Ǽٵġȴ 
öá

ϢӦôػʹ˰ɣõϢǺַӦأ

˻ϵոнŮӵ˼أҩˡʹݳղջ֣ 
дŨŨǸ⡣

ЩҪٲɱ䣡ܺù¶ﳥ˿ĺá

áǵڶٴأŮӲ֪Ҳȥ

ִΣһȴܱӣֻܵĮԶԡ

ջΪ̾Ϣ̶תȥ

Ů˵¶ǰαװĺܼǿղ磡

˵ʸĮвж⣬ͬȥʮ 
䶼ȴˣĳ»¶

ȥıӰµͺһҪʹܳ 
ܵġ

ӵһǷڿҧĵѪҺʡȷ 
˵ҩΪԼ˿ۣ

Ůӵüͷ˰ֲֽ˺ƣþûԼ 
ЩڸʴȣӽסѪˮ˫ȣ˫ԶĲ 
Լ




078»


ȻתͷŮӵĿϵǰѿɫһԼ𾪵ͷ 
ӹͷһʱųһ亹ԼһǷˣͷȴ 
̾ͷ

Ȼ˾ʹʹԸԼѹҲĥűˡ

ԺسղΪ˶ģÿÿʹһ 
͵ΪǸһΪԼĳգҲȨΪԭĳʹĸԴ 


¸Ĵǲʹģ

³մȾѪ˿ıӣ˫ֽķſŸԼ 
о仰СŮ˶Լ־Ҫһ㡱Լһõ

Լʮʱ˫ȳ³ĿŬȴվȶû 
ĵ˴

ƺһһ⣬·Լ֣һ 
ʹǰĶ

ȥų˫ȵ䶯ƽĵʪѶվ 
ֻܵ۳һֱֻ̧Ҫȡȴǲôһľ롣

˼ζɹϵĲʸȴڼӾ硣Ȼһ𣺲 


µָĳסţŮӺһקѡһľӦѣľмĽ 
ǴȴϣһʹϮʹһʹȥŮӣҧ 
һƬʪģ¶һʵľü̶Ц

ҪῪ֪ûС

˻ŮüֻҪһϵ͸ѹ£ƺбҿţ 
ϢŮһĽ𣬿ȴĽԼĶ 
á

һεʹŮ˫治סֻٴεȽϣ 
֮ǰƺһɫӰһˡ

ʶԶȥʹҲ֮

¶ӵļûеõӦһƴŮϵӲŮͻء 
Ϊ̿ʹ뿪ģɨֻһѳ




079
鷿

ϵ˽üӲһ

ոհʹʺʧʱӦҹˣȥǱ˽ٳ 
˵ûκִļŴݼҪԼ

ԣ˽ٳֻҪ΢Ķõ书Ů˸ͺм֮

˭еȥһ֮

תϵë͸ΣյϢûõūźα

һ»ڵصò˵ȫ 
ְĽ֡

ʧܻ©ֻһ

ƴؽ簵һɵİӳ֣ڻʺߡӻ﹧ 
뼴ƺ޹˵Ŀֻлʺֳ

ŶϵЩζӱİظš

ԭ

ǺǣϷأ

պ

ȥ̽ûʺүƽڳҵ֮ͤڣԯһĽơ 
޲ȥðյģ

һ£ǲ֮ˣԲȴڻ 


¶ʲô£ڵӦþΪ׵ˣһԼŮ 
ߵ˽λãҲŮȥ˼ĵ

ǵǷݼΪֵôһ˿Ϊ¸еңΪ 
һ̰ĽȨҰĵĸ׶أ

һͿ쵽ˣֻ֪ϺʲôӦ

Ѱʺޱ㲻عĵ˵ճȭ

ԹΪأү˵ɫء

Ѿһ̫ԯüɫĵһ̹ɴ˺λة 
ޱչΪɣѰĻʺ󶨻ԾЯ顣

һŮԴķʽǾ

̤ȥԯн߬Ÿ˫֣ȴһĨЦ⣬ûһ 


ĳˣүе˵š





080֮ǰ
ټȻ

һϮɫֳۣȣʱϵʮ֮ȴ 
ɢŵζ

ɫ۵ĸˣȰյˣвŪѬ㣬ǹͬ 


ƵʵҡΣĽǶеĹҫţдƵĸоȴҲů 


ʶˣ˵ĿڣŹбϾϵҲ 
׵ΪԼĶӵǣȥȴҲ˵ĻΪѾ

ڵʱﳯ͢ϵĸˡƤϵ̫ڨЦţĸ 
׵ģòôͲͬˡ

ʵ뿪֮ߣǱߵĲ

Ļʺ˿̺һǰҲ˵

Ůñɱ顣ϣܼǵԼݣҲǵԼ 
ϱʲô

һСģ̫̾Ϣ˵ţǲڵһǷͬĻʶδ 
˵ϲ֣ЦıԼõıɫף 
۵ģ

֪ˣȴûֻĸſԡǿһ 
ΪֻԼ˺Լˡ

ӿ˽Ųֻ뿪סʮһ̡

ܻ

ϣһɫӰһ˵ػ漴Ʈ˵Ŀڱǡ 
ΪΣ֪ʵ˽ŮƿЩԼܶӡ

˵˽һˮȻŮҧ˵ĻһҪ 
ƽŶÿΪϺͽġ

ЦŮӵͷ˳ŵš

ȻӲ

޻᲻뿪ģŮӵգЦȥŮӵ 
ԣ޻.ŮӶߵֻŮɫӳ쳱ɷǡ

˵뿪ŮӳȻСĿһ˿ݡȻΪ 
˻һ춼֣

Ҫүó´ӴʧԶҪǰ





081Ҫ
ٵʮϺõԱ۶ֻһ·ĳҺͱڵ

ҹĸ·ڵĿĵءƴ

λëϵĳң֪ǲ 
Ҳ

Դӵ֪ʺʧ٣ҹʳʣ

ʵүˣСôݵ

ëòˮµһѾеĽ˶˶ɬľ 
ҲĿҪɢˣҵǸŮ˷ҪΪԼյƣ 
ۣ

Ǹˣŵֿ죬µĳӳĨЦ 
˵еľ

ҪŮˣǾ͵ÿԼĲӹӲ

ϥǲôôã״ƲţԼû˵ƽĻ 
ĳס

ϳǹŽסæشԭµͷͿҪˣ 
ҪԼ

ǺǣȻҲǿѡһˮһ·ı 
е㻳ζأû뵽Ϻõˮ˳ԵĽζȴ˹ 
١

ƨûĶԵطΪŵ

֣֪̿ߵͷæѾ಻ʶùζΪ˸ʥ׼Ŵع 
ˮѾ죬֪زȴԼǿ̡

һָ֪⻬һкõˮԯжߵİ˸ɫ 


֪˻ã̵ݵ֪ǰ˺

Ľӹ˹֪̾ϢҲ֪ϵ˼ˣҪԼ

ҪòǶõġ

ߵлʥẬⱲӻͷһᣬȴҲһˡ

һյﾲݵûκεķֻǹȥֻ֪ʣһµı̧ 
˳һƬҲǷǰ





082ĺۼ
Ӫ˵üͷʼǽŵģЩ񣬶ȴ 
ĳ࣡

ݹƼݰ̾ľĻʺȴԴ֮ 
ͬʳΪ

˵Ǽ򵥵ֻʳĵҩⳡЧǲСŮеĵ 
īأ

ߵȽص˼˵ڵĵطǰһЩʧȥ 
ƺǱүĳ

һһε˵Ĳ˼ʧٵĵطҲ 
ƴһֱĵط

ªéݣ̧ͷݶܿ⣬ҹｫһ䳺

ﻹһϢǡǧ㡱ζϵˣյ 
ټ϶ҩʴӦһƬˡ

ȴûкһʹ

Щġ

ϺȲ衣˼СҲ࣬ԴӻʺʧԺû˯һȽţ 
ﶼæ֮䣬ŻʺҲ԰Ϊġ

ʺƽʱõľֲڵĿڸɬʣȹѺȵĲҶ 
ȻûȹҶ

ŻϽˮó˼ҧһ촽С˵ǰ͸ʺģ 
ֻ˯ǰлһˮʳ˵ȹõĲ衱

ΪǷ⣡

𣿶ΪԼһϸϸƷζȵģȷЩɳƵ 
˴ڵĽ¡

һҵҪһƷ裬һһʲôأ

޵УվǻϵһӶѡ

ȥɣӣҹİ֮أֻҪϢͲ 
ԶԼġ

ָоƴ֮ʱͷˡ

ϣ˼֪ȴǹˣôĻʺһǻῴģ 
õİɣһҪȻػʺ

ǣҪȻĻʺأ

ʾ⣬˼ȥ˵ԲƸոյ˼ζߵ˶շĵ 
ŮȻҪߣ

Ȼ





083׼뿪
ûκοвķ䣬²úЦ֪ڹԼ 
ȴƾԼ˻ǲ

Σ

ӣĪĳ»ģֻҲǶԵȰɣ

ǵİ飬ûȥۣԼĺȴܲжġ

ÿյϤĺǻʱ״б۰ĸоȴǺ޸ϵǰѡ 
֪ķʱҲܶչᣬ꼻һֵķĶã

ɣ

˼ǰֺαȥǸֻԼ˺ 
أ

ɵ

νҸվҪ黹ģΪ޸ܣ

Ҫһȥ𣿼ܣиҸҪ˰ɣ֪ 
ԼصԯУˡ

ϾȻĻʺֻܽ

ͬ뿪ֻ»ĹҴѵģҲյĻʺ֮ 


һʱյĳȫɺã

ҴȥⶾŮöҸڵò͵иͬصǻᱻϳ 
оǽ㡣

Լ˵βε̾Ϣ

ղΪĹˡݵĸܳΪӦҲܺѪ 


ǲཻƽߣ˾ͻյˡ

ݳղ֣䲻ǰҲûʱ̡

ݳղţôṻأֽֿ͵ǸѪ 
Ҫ꣬ʧ

ִŵŮӵ֣˰ֻ̾㣬ǱԼֱ̬ 
ӽŮӱÿǳصĲĶϢˡ

ĹأΪһ£һĲ缦𣿸ܵӵһ 
ŮӲٶԵĿǰȷůĸ壬ֻϧġ

ϵζкܴĲ࣬ȴġһůһȴ 
¹ĺֻʤڽ





084߿
ʲôˣ

ϵĳ£ֻһвЭĺѾݳղ 


Ǵ˵еĵƴδܵȴҪ뿪֮ʱ 
ˣŮӵĮţ޴ӿܣ

㣡ݳղͺһŮӣ⳵Ѿ֪䵽˻ 
¡¡Ȼ˵ĸҪԵĶࡣ

һסû޵˷Ծϣ˫ȼסͼҪײ 
·ߵˣܿƵײ

ӵҪתͷǲܵ£Σ֮˵ȭͷ 
ݺݵĻͷһڵҲӦϣڽԾ 
𽫲㱻ѹĺӱһ

Ȼʧȥ˼ڵȥ˻κεȶڵĵײҲû 
һԵҪȴʩȴΪ

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ÿһ񣬺ǻľٶ޷԰Σڳ޴ѡ񣬲 
һаɣ

նȷ飬ùٴεĳܱԵ䣡

ǳ˵ŹȵգԣੲݵС챻ס 
յϢУԵ°С㣬ôͻȻ

ûκεĻӦסĺԣǵܺŮֻǵĿǰ 
ˣ˫߬գ

ܳںģ/֮УϵľԼӴϢƿ˫ 
ȴεĲϡ

Ҹô죿ţŮӵĶͷϲڮԼʹ 
ղŹŹػķ֡һȥɣҲܷһ˶У 
¶ųµıǼ⣬ԼĶˣ

αںֻΪҪүΪ

ϣӣѽԯеĻ͵͵̾Ϣš

飬ֻңȥҲٰɣ

Բ¶ĲܻӦ㣡

۽Ļ˵ʣ̰Ļζոյǣ 
Ҫĸࡣ

ܣ

ãǻȥ˯лش

ţ˵üдҪԼģҪȫ 
ңҪˣ

£㲻ճһоͼ򵥵Ķˡ

㣬ǻ˵ļңаĻ

ҹ

紵͸ǽڣ˿ĸЩˡ



[]ȻһЦ˭֪093¶
֮ϣİһ·͵ۺ󵽳⣬ߵĺƺƵĶһ 
Ǽʱɫȴվݻнһ·̡

˰յĺ徲ˣһŮӵ֫ڻС

˽ǱƺĴŮӵų⣬ҲҪʲô

ż·˧ģΪֻŮƮǲ 
ˬ

𣿴µסɫ˵ĴŮӵϣͷ 
Ĵֻ̣˰̸ԭʱǿҲܲۼԼ

ϰˡЦŻش𣬱֮֮ǰǺö˰ɣҪ¶Ұ⣬¶ 
ŮӵĶͷ˲˻⡣

ϻóΣ𣿿ΪĴڣĺܰ 


±ߣǵֳûз

쳼ûΪѣ벻Ҫԥġ˺ˣ 
Ҳ̣

ս˵֣ЦЦϵϴȥ

ϻĵΪߣѾʤȯ˰ɣǳ檶໰ˡͷ 
üϲ

Ūų˿ķһĨԼδɫ

ᵽģǶ֪

ҪȥȫŮ˲˺Щնݵˣ

죬ˡ

ƻǲȻĵżįꡣ

ߵĻƣ˶ţϷˣŮӱӤںƤ֮ϣ 
һѽѽ˵ֻԼԣһͶִȰĶ 
СͷÿƲʵıá

Ǽ֮ǰ˹˴ϿһܰĻ棬ȥˣ 
֮

¶

ԲĺӣжమŮˣȴóҵĺ˲ 
ԯҵĺ

һĨɫ˾ٲŮӵķȥ

ϲӣ԰ѱɵĺӹ̸Ǻĸһɫ 
ʺ

Сиأ˺ЦŮӵߣʾ˼ӱߣԼ 
ԼļϣĻҲǺгģ𣿻ڳԴŮЦܲϲ 
ǸӣȴΪûнƴǸлġ

أŮСɵ°ͣĴӡǺۣʾȨ檺 
ϲ

ʲôü

ϲŮֱӣִ˵֣˵ϲϳԴף 
ϲϵںϲϡ

˵ЩʲôŮȻסڣЦ˦˦ͷ

ʱףֻպΪ֮أô˵ķԼ

ϲʲôһ˵ôϲ˵٣ϲĴڣ

Ҳϲ

д̿ͣһУȻػڻߣۺΧĵ㣬һʱ乬Ů 
̫Ӵܣɱ

ϻǽأڻĳֻЦ

˵ıʢֻڵʲôأЩ˿̸ͽġ

¶ĵأ³µıǼ⣬˵ֹԭλа 
ԼŮˣʱ̶Ҫ¡

Էƺͨͷ򶷵ԽԽӰҲ𽥵ƿż 
мѪҺµ߷Χڣֲǵҡ

죬ҹĻɴ򶷻ûֹֻͣԱڵ 
ҲҲ˻ȴڼ

ϢƽԭϣŮӿ˵ĻźǷ̫Ѫȵĳϲ 
κ޷⡣

ԯУ¶㲻ӰܶһҹĻԣữ 
ȴޣƽԭϻص

ʣ衣ޣ˼ĵ˵ţ˵Ůӵı 
µΪЩζθ᲻֪

ȻĹԽµ֪֮࣡µ˸Цһ΢תɨһ 
İڶԷĽδǰѾһմȾһ 
Ѫɫ



[]ȻһЦ˭֪094ټ
Ȼǿ˺Ȳʣ²Ȥһ¡ 
ߵİϲǵңϲνݳղ 
ã

һۻüŮӣԯ̧ǺЦ⡣

ãģ㲻ǵһ

ЦһеİӰսڲ࣬һӰԯǱһҴ 
ݵݳղժ£ϵЦⰵԭŭ

Ȼ桰ռС¶

е΢ߵʾ״̬ʱ

㣬¿еԯе½ʱֹһ 
ɱ

¶ͬʱڣŮԶԵȴֻķ

üͷ𣬲Ϊ³Ļģǵѹ̫û᲻ʣԽ 
־塣

κ˵Ҫⳡɱ¾

ȫ£ʮ֮޲κεѪȣ˱ȣһɰֻԥһжʽ 
ʬҲʣ

֣ݳղҲʮ⣬ټĿյֻһӰһ˵ķ 
ޡ

ѪȻڣ˵˼ͷѪࡣ

˳ĳ¼Żµ֢״ȥµ˻УԼᵽ 
Һɣ

¶ЩţΪ²ŴǣáˡǶ 
ӡ

ţŮӵͷ뿪ŵӿһİӣǽⲻüģ 
ŵĴΪ֮ʹ

û£⻰˵Ҳ˵ġ

ƿԯǰĵ˫֣ǰǲʺȡ

ղ粻÷յġܻģǳƺԻ¶ϲɫ 
ľһ¡

Բ𣡳ˣղ硣

ԯдŭվݳղ

ȥɣ¶ϲɱ˵ӡĺָǺһȻ 


õһ֮ˣʵڲã

ߣݳղܽһħߣֻҪߣ¶ 
ֵĻš

¶֪ʱԯס˳µֱۣʹǶǱ˴ 
ģѡأ

ǻϻѡأЦ֣Ȼĵó 
Լѡ񣬿ɺã

ָճȭҧã޸ʺλᣡ

¶𣿳΢㶣һĨǳЦڵȴ˼į

ⲻҪ

ΪĿܻʺ밮޹صŮˣ

ղأΪܴߵ¶תеıʹЦЦš

ٷſ¶֣ղĳŵǻزԼĹңҲҪ 
¶ȣ

ٶȵ֣ݳղһԼߣͲࡣǶǸ 
б˶

¶Ҫʹͷղ磡У

֮䣬µʼǵЦݣκεĳ

ǣİɣڴʱ

϶£˭أĵ˵ţࡣλϣ 
Ϊѳˡ



˴ǻȴԵķųµĻ

Ϊ϶еĺ˭

ۣһӤĿ˵ľĬЦЦӤĿ˼Ѿͷ 
أ

ϣɷ⺢Ȣ֣Ϊӡͷģ¶ԯ˵ 
ǵ˵ı¶㣬ҹϲ㳼Ϣ

ԣԯдЦƽԭһĻصţ󲽵ߵߣ۽
ҺŮûѪ£¶ݳղƮĳһ ˱ɹİɣղ磬ټڣأ

˵껰˵ļϣʵûжԻ˵ļܿ 
аȫУ

С˿϶˵šڣ

Ծ죬Ů˰ϣ˷Ը̣ɱ̫أŻ

ҹɫ֪ʱƮԯеԶȥ˽Ѵ 
ʺ죬ԶҪʹ

¶ĵѡ𣿻Ϊղȫˣ

϶£˭֪϶ͬʱû˺



[]ȻһЦ˭֪095׾
һǹŮϢĿ˵ϣİԵĺ

yuˣ𣿸΢ŵĴŮһ 
˵ĲӣĴԯеĴŮ΢Ц뿪

ֻһ˲ĳ嶯Լĺۼĥȥ֡

ǱŮˣºۼȴֻң˴ϵѪУ 
˵ĻŮüͷһšŻԯҵѪҲûʲôرζ 
һĳ˵񾭣̲

Ǽ̫ѪֻҪᵽѪζͺ¡

Żһˮؿɻ˵ϣ˰ɣͷεġ

ǣŮӻָƽ˺ЦĽԼϣ˵Ĵ 
ĺϣţ۾ţŮӽЦ

ҰèƵɰһЩϲ

ϸӴ͸ְɣԲ˳檿ĸ׵Ρһưˮ 
˵yuϨŮ˵˸ȷûҪ 
ã

ԣ˵ĴһŮӴͷļϣ³ 
͡

֪

Ȼͭһôģڰĸ׵ȨܱǸ

͡ŮţԼĶ͡ϴӦ檣۽ 
Ҫ˺ͣ޹أ

˵ĺڷУҪΪǸŵΪ֪һĶ 
죡

ĬţǶƻ˿̵ĺгֻǾӵű˴ˣƽȵ 
ͺڶԷζ

ҹȥ峿͸ɳʵĴڳڣڣϣ͵ 
ͼſڳϣͷ

ָ˵ӣǵһΡ

¶Ҳһ档׽סŮӵ֣ڴţòϧû 
Ҫʳ

ǰӲԳΪ¶Ϊ¶

֣Ůһҵֵͣӿ 
Ǳˣȴã˫ԺĿ

Ůë̺ĳװϣ˾롣

ֻб˵Լ˵Ļ̳ܽնϡ

ղ¶ʮĿԴȪ˵ű˵Ĺ£µĻ 
εĸ飬ʵγǽű˵İأǷſ¶֣Ϊ 
Լ

ÿɴľӳУŮЦˡ

·Ļһ֮ھͻصʹɣأɰȻĻع

ʧٵǼ죬һֱһҪΪ¶ˣöֻһζ 
ŲͬĴҩ漣֡뵽Ƕӣ²ɵһЦ 
ůԯĵġ

ҲҪߵԭɣţΪԼһ˶š 
ˣ¶Ѿ¶Ǳ˵ӣ㲻谮Ҳʵ 


¶ԯỽֽڰգȴֻץһѵĿ֪Ƕ 


ӲΪԼĲ¼еǸһأ˵˵ǸĻ

֪ԼݣҲίԼϷӣϷӣսȭ 
÷紵ϣۿеˮȥ˿Լһ棬ֿ 
Ҳһ

ž

ϵĴӦ䣬м׷ɣĿռţϢ

ؿھþòƽϢȼյĺŭڵϵŮˣǸ 
Ҫ˺£һٵĵ˵ʵ޵֮£ô 
ۣ޵㶼Ӷ𣿡

ϵ飬ǳ¡ϵģ׾޴Ӹܡɴת 
ƵԯУŭҪġ

бУڱŰȥ

жԵݣݲƮİģ

ڣڣڣүĻӦڳµУеĹȻɣ

ӳõκмֵϢǳֻܱǸ˵ܣҡ׾ܾ 
ţµļᶨ

ɱֻҪ㶯ͷµıȥͬİ

ţ͸˵ۣŮӵȺҪо



[]ȻһЦ˭֪096ǿ
ţ͸˵ۣŮӵȺҪо

ЦһʹܺõΣٴͷŮӵʱֻʣ 
档ʺȻǸȤŮˣһֱΪԼݼ֣Լ 
ŶˣʺοƵأ

б̤ϵӣ˰Ůӵߣֿס°ͣϧ

ŮˣȻ鿴һĲֵֺαҪѵõиһ 
أ

ѡͲҪ֮顣

ԼֳѪľôһ飡ĻţֻҪ 
һĹҹͻ᳹׵ķ顣

ŮӳʹüȴϺʹ

ֳΣյ۾֪ԯŵˣֻͼˣѵ

ĲϮԯеĴԷٵţųſܽϢ©ˡ

֪ΪʲôûŮȻһЦɣ˵ľ˲κˣ 
ļ仰Խ鰮顣ܸİ޸ܡΪ 
ҵһֱƮܳÿԯ˵ѪɻҲȷͳ 
졣

ۼ޹ԼĻֻʾѡ

ԯ飬עд˽ᣬͲҪҳµ֮

Ϊղ磬ҿ԰Լ͸㣬µ϶𣬿ٽ϶Ҳֻ 
һԽֲ˵ϲ֪µĵ 
һ˭

Сִ˵ļϣֵĺܷ/Ҫ˺

˵Ůģţ˵Ķߴšĺ 
أÿζyuyuyuղܡ

ƮƮļִ˵ĶУĵըһŵĻܴţֱȼյ 
յ˼

ɻҲȻһŪ˼Һۣ֮ǴεǲʧΪ˱ɫҧ 
˵Ķ½ԼֵjiŮһ㣬ḡ

˵ϣµ˵½󣬽⿪˵ 
뽫ʬĻǼգҹҹ/꣬ղζ˶Ķ 
ζѡ

˵ŲĻԣһεݳղˮˣ˭ϵñˡ

䣬ֻñһʹѾˤһԵĵϣ 
֪ٵмӡ

ü΢šţŮҧס´ϵʹȴеģΪԼҲΪ

֪ö飬ȴƫƫ˴⡣Եȴԩң

ʲôҪĳ±һѹ£ִ³Ľ½̽ 
סĻԲаЦսŮӵЦʺѣ 
ǻз޵֣ôʺΪŮ˵Ȩ棬磽޵yuӦ 
òְɣ

΢һŮӡ˻һЦ˿޵ĻʺǸأ 
Ȳ

˺˳ǰ½󣬸׺סͦҧţ˺ʵ 


ȫûС

Ůӷǿش𣬶˵ľͣǰÿһ磬µĺۡ

ҪٴΣţǰٵ촽˽ĿţŮ 
ӵĴȴشĻᣬΪҪ

뵽ʧٹգղŵĻĲȷ֮жٵ/ 
ҪǴ/֮

뵽Ǹ˵ĳл˺ݺݵķסŮӿм̣ 
Žµķ裬ŮӵĹȱ¶ڿУ˵Ĵְš

ô޲𣿻ʺȻĸ跴Ӧָ̽ŮӵĶxueУ 
ɬģĽִεĸŮĴǽ۵Ĵﲻڴʱ˵ 
һҪĻ

Ůӵ˫ۣͷϣĿŭڱӭ 
ͰڳŮ̬

ƫȫ

⿪˵͵˶չ۷磬ŮϣסӮ֫Ȼ 
ͦ룬ֱŮӵ



[]ȻһЦ˭֪097ůʺ
⿪˵͵˶չ۷磬ŮϣסӮ֫Ȼ 
ͦ룬ֱŮӵ

ҧ´ͻľ޴û׼õʱɣķ 
ˮŮӵ۽ǻ䣬ıû

ȥԼϳ۳ҵˣˣײ˵Ĵִż 
Ůݳshenʹ

ŭҧ𿪵ĳ£˷ֲȼյŭyuЩŮӵ̧ 
ߣ˷ĳ̣·ƽȣټЩҡΡ

۾˴ƵţŨyuϢһͦ㽫Ůӵ 
ϴ̴ǿеİŮ°ͣŰԼĴ˵̽ 
ĿУţȥķ㣬Ҳȥĺ

ŤǣĲʻǴݼӶᣬǿƶηӡ

ǸĥΪֵĻʵԯУռĵζ

ԼٴεֱͣҪ˿ķȡЩ̿ 
Ťֻ˵yuҡ

ҪԺԺŮӳܾţ˫ȥϵҲ 
ಽȴûס˼ʺܻܶӭİϷأ

Ůӵģ䣬˲ûмйԼģ̰ζ¡

Ϊʲôߡţ·ڸŮĻᡣ

Ҫš۾Խ飬ԽҪİɱֻǲԸ 
Ϊѵӡ

ԯУ㲻ǻʵۣһĳΪŮˣֻҪŮ˾ͺá

ǺǿһЦЦ

ֻҪţĴ۶ֵõġֱ̽ԺŮӱʹ࣬Ĵ 
£ֻĴһЩɫ

ŮˣҪ޺˵ŮӵǰըҲ˺Ƭ 
µ¡ν˵ţµЦţҪ˰ɣ

޻ҪǸۣ/yin/˱̧ͷȺӯЦ⣬Ů 
ֱ¡㣬

˴ЦŮӱӵϣ׳վŮǰ 
ʹĳӣ˵ôϲˣԺ 
޵޻ʺˣǸˣԯеŮӵķӯ 
ţϧ

һ죬޻ۿ³л޵ռУư 
ϣ˳ζٴεĸŮӣĦšԣʺҪΪ 
Ǹֻ룡

ѳµľܾǶݳղ꣬˵ıˤһء

ĥһֱģԺֻ䱾ֻٵܣÿÿ 
üľͱšķۣ

£޵ģ

ʺҲyinŮӵľŮӻоָӴţ֭ 
ٵĳ鴤š

㣬һϤ鴫ȫµ᲻֪ǴϢʲô 
أ

ݽҧţݵݳ޷ǾҪѿ 
󻶣

ۣ޻ǵһأЦָ 
ʪ˵/Գͻļ룬Ůӡ˻һӣ 
˸ĸࡣ

аһЦŮӶԺ˵ҪޣʺǶԣºо 
ָ޿˵ůʺ̹Щ

ǺǣŮӵЦ˵˵ԻԼģɣǻʺûů˭Ĵ 
ôȷֱ۹ʣֵָģڻĺ˿Ĳ 


Ǽyu𣬼ӿⳡĽϣŭԶԼù 
ʴǵζ

˵ĴŮӵЦ죬檾ůǻϵĴ

ĥ˵˶󣬳ĵײԼΪϵЦȴˣ 
۵ŭ𣬻ۣʹġ

£һƽµŮվӣؿڲϵţȻ 
ȥûпɹйĶٴεŮӡů޵Ĵ 
Ǻã޳ȫ㣡



[]ȻһЦ˭֪098˺
ٴεŮӡů޵ĴǺã޳ȫ㣡

һ죬סŮӵĽ㣬ɬȻԼߣյ֣ 
ûбɫȴ͵˵ͷ΢΢ĳʹš

ŮˣҪĵĺǻģƫƫᣡ

Ȼˣ˼ؾϷǱŰľ

ôʺ⸱Ҽ̬ǰڸ޿ָιµգ˵һֻ 
ֽŮӵӸһԼµ˫ȼ䣬У 
ѰڡϲͺáţŮ˵ľȴһ 
ȡȻܾܾǾͳٰɣ

ʺأŮӣĴ֣ʪyu˫ۣ 
ԯнͦķ룬϶Ϊһ



Ϣ

˺Ů˵ģõĽţȴԽţһ/˳ 
ԼŮ¸ĿӣֻһЦ

һθܵĵǸ˵£ģ

ʺǻҪ𣿲ŲŮģüͷһ壬˶Ĺǣ 
ԼĺӣὫǸ

檺ʧأغϣϵľͲˣص̾ϢţŮӽ 
ķ˿ԼͣõĹͷ£ǲ㴦

ϣ檲Żص뿴ͱŮ˲ҹҹ 
ȸ©ϸ

ϸ/޺ۡȴ˼⣬˽˼꣡

еĻع֮·˶ϣ֮Ϊ 
̫ˣ

ӰµҪ׽͸ֻдеЦݣɬ١

ʺθأٴεվԭ˵yuµƶ˶ 
Լ֪ı仯Ϊ˵Ůһٶ 
У

壬϶ȴ֪ںʱħֻϤĴУҪ 
Լ£ΪԼ/Ŷ

ǯסŮӵ֫аȵЦţԼ˶ȥĥеĵشŮӶ 
ʺǿjiԺһ𱬣ʾųµķ/ɧ˵ŮӵĶ 
»ȥĺǵĹ졣

ţƲסĵĿ벻֪ܵץס˵˶󣬽Լ 
ôϼԣл᳼һıʱϴ 
ۡ

巺źΣŮӵ˼ȴĺܣݺϻĴƬ̣Ҫȫĵ 
Ͷ⣬֮»ѡ

һȥĳ˿Ц˵š

һΪĳŮʾĻӦôһ죬мЧ棬 
ԺҲ˵

ڴ˿̣˺ԷǿųĵĶԻдĽֻ֣˭ 
뵽ǿ̵ʱȫȻĲͬ˷˪֮İ˭أ

ȻĽŮӵӷתÿһǳЦɱ˵ĳ嶯ôϲjiŮǰɣ 
ȫ

̧ŮӵС˽ܴԼǰչ¶˵İһٽ룬ϳ 
ͬʱŮǰ۵˺£Ůӵͺ˵ĶҲס

ı˿Ѫ죬һǶƤϵм챦ʯһʹ 
˵ֽۣڰգƮ䣬ʱ侲Ĭһ̣岻Ӯ졣

𣿻͵ķʽرأ߬ϵãʹıֱɳ 
µĻȴҲһ˿ʹĸо

ǱˣҲ¶һΪԵǲģ 
ǰ㡣

ôԼĽܲ⣿ŮӺ߱ǣȴϵʹСϵĲô 
ϿԼΣֱΪֹ

ܺãûзϵˣֻҪҽΣòؾͿԳ׵Ľ 


һЦ±ķļ䣬᲻õĻ׵ˣ 
ڵȷĺ֡ԯУ

ŮˣΪ޾ͻŹ޵ǹйŮ˰ 
ĺţ֪˵˵ԼŭеսŮӵ˫ 
ÿһεĳ̶ֱŮӵײŮӵ/ھþõ 
ߵϵҲʧɫ



[]ȻһЦ˭֪099
ŭеսŮӵ˫ȣÿһεĳ̶ֱŮӵײŮ 
ӵ/ھþõߵϵҲʧɫ

ĺۣ

ƣҸЦݣ߬ɿƺҲ 
ܵˣӶٶȡ

ʺ˻ţ£ˡҪװ

ҵײһΣǵòŮӵĻӦ˶˼

Ů˾Ҹԣм㽻/ʱŹůʺ

ϡĹڣ˼ͷȺʾһǻǿҪ 
˻ʺӰɣ

δµСѾͷ䶼ϣӴỹĻˡ

Ů˵ĺ󱳸ɾ˲ͷ˵ţüͷ壬˼￴ 
Գµĵǡ

ǣ˼ɵȴ̧۵˲䵹һǣŽ/ƣŨ 
Ļ/ϢţСѾͷܸоԼĽֺˣȴֻӲͷƤ׹Ů 
ǰڿŮӱ˺ʱۿɵһȡ

ϲǺ۰ʺƴǼգǿģΪλع 
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ŵСֽŮӺ󱳵ƬһƬƬȡøɾëȥѪգȴôҲ 
ֹѪ

̧˼ԯУϣȥҽȡֹѪҩ 


üͷ˵ĿЩȡƬţʺѪŮӵĺ󱳻 
ĵȴͷγѪĽľһΣݺݵģš

ŽֱǣʹųǻѪζȴһ㼯 
ؿڣƵ첻ܺ

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ݻ

䣬Ӱѷɳ˰ƥ˷ɱȥе޴йΪ 
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סѪҪô

Լ´ã˼ֿʼˣʺ·ѾƬˣܴ

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˯Уһˮ۽ǣڣûĸо»ѣ֪Լп޹ 
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ͷϵѣ

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ġ

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[]ȻһЦ˭֪102缺
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Щٸķ顣ߵһɹΨΨŵŵӦţ·ʱҪĴţ 
²ɵʧЦ

ȵȣǸŮ

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ôڳߣԵĻŰ

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ѡһӦ䣬ˮĽڳߵѾͷǹҲǣվҲ 


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ԯС



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˭˻ʺôȨ޵ĻҲŹأǸ³ 
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Ҫƿ㣬Ǹֻڵĳ嶯

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ʱ¶Ƿйأ

Ůӵͷڻ˵Ĵ߹һĨݵЦЩҪӿ̲ſԣϵ 
̫þûȤˡ





[]ȻһЦ˭֪104
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Ȧ

Ҫҵ˱ǲ/׵õвүʲô£

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ֻԼһˡ

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ʱЦˡ

ôڳʲôʹ࣬϶ 
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񣬲ȥЩνŮ˵ֱֻõ϶ԼԷȥ

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µƮȴҲ塣

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žžžһһöȴҲ̶ЦһӰ˻ 


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ֻǺ֪ǿһĻδĻʺأڿڶЦ 
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˵ָ̽Ļԣȴֻ̽һڵָȦȦȻ뿪

ʪأָ̧˶ӸŮ˵ϣĶȴyu 
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[]ȻһЦ˭֪108ת
˿Цһһס˳µı۰򣬽˻У

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񱩵Ϣĺ༸ĴǻãĥĴ꣬ 
ԵĴʹûһܾء˫۵ǰȴŲһľ 
Ϊһֱֻʣǰǻ˫ 
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[]ȻһЦٻ٣109ۻ
Ÿʲôϳȥ䣬ȻŮߣסһ 
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Ǻǣһ˵뿪ºǺЦ˵Ļǿġ

ŮˣЦʲôôǰŲ壬Ūˣ 


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΢ĻԵڣЩǶ裬һֻġ

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[]ȻһЦٻ٣110
ؿڣĪĻŽ˯ŵ亹 


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ôˣͣ˼æĸϵ˳ߣĽĿ

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ˣһΪŮΪУǷҲҲĽˮԧأ

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ˣģȥɣͬһеĸ֪ʧͲʹҲٰ 
ˡ

˼ĵĻţԻҲİɣˣ

˼顣˼߽ţ±ȥ˼ 
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ϢЩʱūٸʳƣҲ˸ʳ 
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תʺ󣬳ް˼΢СЦΪƽ 


ū֪ˡӸϣѹ˿ڣֳȥūϻٹ 
ġ

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ʳָУ˵ʮָģʹˡ



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ͷôεģڳķఴüĿλãлĸо

ĳƣպ󣬳»Ǻ˼һΪ˾ȳĺӣѡ 
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˦˦ͷ˵ʲôôĲأ

ĺΣ

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Եڳµϡ

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

ͻʺعӽ㣬ʹտȥΥ˼ 
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[]ȻһЦٻ٣113
ɶ

صУ̵ŭ㿪ʼһӵոյĽ

һԵѾͷ϶ٵѪ˿ǳˤʱģ 
㶼ң˵ʹˣҪŭֻĸϻһһ 


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ƻ̴ľϣҪȲ裬ȴֲ豭Ѿˡ

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صмվߵߣһ־סĶ 
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סʹСΣϣܸʹ죬αĥ 


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ڶǰΪվ˵

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[]ȻһЦٻ٣117쳣ƽ
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ϣҽתţûһĸ֪Ҫ̥»Ը 
ɣ

󹬣ȻǱڵأƺӤĿ



[]ȻһЦٻ٣125¶
ԴԯлعԺˮЪڸһ 
ƬҰ

Ȼһѵ֮Уòľƺȴã

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ܷĺУһǧסԼϲŮˣŮ 
ıѣ

ô

ô˱˵ĺӣ

ɬһЦǰһŮˣڴ˿̻Ϊʹ 
γ֮ʹ



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Ļ쵰

طһϮҹ£ϸֵԯ԰ҳ 
ͷϸΪˣͬɩˣΪȻ 
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ӭܵܵķʽ

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ǻʵۣǳµҲͲҪˣĺӣȻһƽķ 
ޣеĺӣҲԽܡ

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ѵ֮ǰϸ綼ûҪɩϸ˽⣬ӦûôҲ 
ڼǴ˵ʺеԭϸɱûΪصĺ 


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ֻϸһʥּ˵ľɩӵ֡

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[]ȻһЦٻ٣126Ⱥ
ɫɶȴûĨƵȽţȴ˵ 


ԯߣԯкܷĺĵһȴֻ֣ 
뱣ѣΪΣ

ʹ̫ȻһЦǱ߻ûдϢҽûж𣿻¶

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ɱԸ

ʵȨκ˵ģΪϸ磬⽫ƻı䣬ֻҪӰ֣ˡ 
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磬һģҩɩõģֻڶӶضѡµζҩ 
ɷ֣κųڵк嶼ǲܵġ͸һΪ 
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Σ򴽣ô˵

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ûڰ֮ڣΪϸģֹıڹеΣ 
һ֡

ô

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鷿ĴųţֻһһɫӰȻʧããĴ 


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Ժֻһ˲ϲãŨŨİأ

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Ѿ֪Լе£ôѺӱסأ

ҪԼͺӵģвү𣿿ӵĴڣûжãĪ

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΢΢ĲţΪֵıӦ

ѡ

Ӧ䣬ҩ֭мĽ˸Ŀɬ

һͬʱҲüšһҩȻģΪ˾ 


ȼһĨϣζΪĸĸˡ

ϣū澸ҽı̥ҩ˵̫ʱʺϴ 
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˵һ仰ᱻԨ

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[]ȻһЦٻ٣127̥
Ҫĳɱ

˲ǰˣ̵ʹʲôǲܳһ֮ʧȥ 
ԣһʧȥһǳŮġ

Ҳʵ˲СЦ

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ӣѪˣҵŮã㲻 
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ӣԲײܱˣȥ㣬

ʺȷ޵ĹѪЦ˵ţ߽Ůߣִ򦣬 
˵ۡеĴ̣˿˵ΪԼҪֻҪǸ 
ӲģͲسϵĲΣǣʺĸ˵ 
֣

˼ǣģ

⣬漴Ц˿Ĳ޴ԼҲ֪ӵĸ˭ 
ĸǰҪԼûʧǸԲ֮ҹ˭ܸռ 
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ָϸҲĸ׵Ȩǰӣ

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ڰɣЩΰϢݳȥ

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ӡôڿѱ·¶һֻѡ˺ˣ޵ģ 
ƾһҵŮΪ޲

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ҲҪϣֻҪϲ᲻ͺãΪúһ·

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֣ҪϮĽأ

ԭԶ֣ܳأҪΪĺӱ𣿲Ҫֻ 
Ҫһȭȥ檵Ҳǻϵģԥʲôģˣһ 
ΣҪټܡ

¶ΪģҲ޵У²֣

֪ƫ޽ʧȥ㣡

ҪȻޣ¶Ҫ



˵ĺŮļ˶ǳٵ쳹ȻһЦռ˲ 
ʱᣬȴ˲ŮǾۡ

ô

СϵʹŮӵӲظĻ£ģǽ 
оһԼѾһĸףҪ뿪Լȥ

ȵҺģĺӣ⾪ϲҲ 
ɡ

ǺǣЦţŮӵϵͣ˵ϣûκεԹǴĳ 
ǣҵЦţӭĹ⣬ȶ顣

ʹķڵϣʹҪ΢ȣû˺ӣҪŲ 
ʲô

ҽҪӵŮ뻳ĳ嶯ƻеһ֣̣ܲ 
£

󲽵޷˿̵ʹȥ

¶˽ҹ޻һİ㣬

ƿ˹Ů֣ȻĿЦţԯУҺ㣡ݣ

һʹµصˤڵϣһѪ

ˣһԯŽӲĲ뿪ڳϵѪ 
ܽܵģֻڣ־С

¶Ҫޣ˺ӣ޿Ըܶİ

޵ߣ޵ӣ





[]ȻһЦٻ٣128ɱ
ʹ

ҧأǳ鴤ʹŮӺһֱ˺ѵĸо 
ĳһ뿪



ۣŮӵָƽСĺӣûһε̥뿪 


ô˵Ĳ̣

ô˶ǸҪˣֵİҸ

Ѫ˿ǻɿ˱ݣˮûƤ֮УѪģֵ˵ 
ʧȥʲô

ʺʵѾ̥ˣֻµĴСûлϵֻ 
̫ҽҪ˵ЩʲôȰĻȴڳͣ£ûһ 
ĸڴ˿̻Ļɣ

ˮкɫѪ飬ǳ͵ģƶϣǸӤû

ϧˣûĸ̫˺ȴǿװĸģ

һԣһԹŮһЩԺ̫ҽѪװһУǹе 
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̥

ӣҲжӣѹֲõӲκλ 
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Цˣڻϴȭʱ򣬻ʺҲЦġ

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Ľţ黺ĲȥҪȥĺӡ

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ѩˮż

ˮģߣˮĺ⣿

֪ҪȥҲ֪ҽԺǸطֻһֱȥ 


ˮĴϣ˯۽߹ţգֻһ˫նȴڰ׷ 
۾ȷһŵˡ

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ŮӵǰɵỊֻ̃ɫеٽޣ԰׵СϹ飬 
Ҳź⣡

ǱӦɱĺӣĺӾ˻ʵ۵ǿ 
գ

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Σһʧ˵㰮ûиһ 
ĻԾûΪ׼һ㻹û׼ӭӵʱ 
ȴܻûΪΣģûˡû

Կƣץס˳µ˫磬ҡӣҲԼ˿ڵ˺ 
ѣۣʧȥĺӣʲô

ӭ˳ûѪɫµţҾɱңΪĺ 
ӳΪĸף㲻ҪΪԼĺʲô



[]ȻһЦٻ٣129ʧķ裡
ҾɱңΪĺӳΪĸף㲻ҪΪԼĺʲô

ְ˳㷢ĽΣУٶ׼Լĺæ˽ 
Լмģ

ǵҴ̵ʱ𣿾ʧȥӵһ£ֻҪٶһ 
Ϊĺӳˡȵ֣ƫλãֻһ¶ѡ

𣿰ųǰûдĳ£ˮĴ򣬴˿Ƕ÷ 
ȻͦҲԣһ²оͼϲˣҪǺܶβŹ 
ˣʧȥӵʹʱ廪Ϸ 
˺öĲݮҪ

ˣҪ˵Ҫ˵ˣҪ֣ɳôĴÿ 
һǴһǱˣôҲֲ

ȻκһĺӣʧȥӵʱûȥұŮ 
ˣٲǺһ֪ĻǶô飬һ·ұ廪 
һδεİңֱ۵˯ˣϴҵȥ廪أȥ 
ζǻɢģšһֱֻ۵ıǼ䣬 
˿ȥ

ˣҲҪ㲻Ҫ˵ˣѾֲˮˮӳ 
ĳĿ£ˣħҪң

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ȥģĵ˵ţ嵭ﺬ˿ֲЦ 
ŵսеĽΣ˳ųµѡ

Ѫ˲ӿؿţٱˮ嵭ȴʼڳµǰ

ƺһųֱۣٴεһЩͿȥ˰ɣ

ڣ˭Ƿ˭ĸأЦţؿںͣѪҺһ𱼷ţûио 
ʹ

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ѪĻʹɣ

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֮ˣܣҲӭϣֻǻһ£ȥӻĺӡ

ʺǧ꣡һ˵ȹ񣬴ú

ʺôݰҽԺôڱҪǵ

ģ̱ǵҩζŮӵ˼ӵĹҵĺ 


ҡһҽȴû˸̧ͷӣǲԭ

ҵĺӻңҰǣòãңǣȻĹڵϣ 
֪ֻȥȻͶһٷֿ

һĹŮҽĶ˵˼䣬ҽŸ̧ͷųؿڵ 
ƵĽΣɵõһֻҲ죡

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Ҳġ

ҽҴų£»ľٶǣ˿ڣֻҽеġΪ 
ΣƵƵҡͷ̾Ϣ

ѺӻңֻҪҵĺӣұòãϵţ֪ 
˵˭µĻϹȴκˡ

ĺΪû˻شأ

˭ҵĺӣ̧ΪҽŮӷ 
ҽһţȴҺʹû߻ʺĺӣֻ˯ѡ

ϣʺﶨܲ˴̼ʧķ裬һµĿھ

˯Ҫ˯ˮɫҽֻкӶ 
ȴ֪ΪҪֻĵиҪô



[]ȻһЦٻ٣130
ߴӰס˻ƻǰΨһһǰʪţīüϻˮ飬 
е˶ϢȴǸŮӡ

˫ָճȭϵΪ·Ѿʪ͸ɫѥһ 
㼣ſڵŮߵĵѵš

ֻ뱧ӣҪߣ 
ţڵû˿Ҳûκεһˡ

ޣںǺӻĸףŮڵǱĲ˭֪ 


дȴ˭ĻʺǱ˵Ůˣ

ۣǳµıòһʵһ 
ˣ

Ǵű˵ĺһεռУûͷţ 
أ

ԯУ˵µı΢תǿգ 
ĻһҲûȥֻǼס

õӣ㲻޵ãǣ

Һ㣡˵ţģģľֻһ仰Ҫ˵ 


˺ޣҲҲ

Һ㣡ݣ˵ţؿھҵҲò˳

ĵԵվ˵ǰԼĵѪǰѪۣŮ 
ЦҽΨһ޹ˣҵѪ㣬ҵ㻹ǲ 
ԯУʶʶ֪֪أ

ؿڣܸܵеĵŮЦˣЦ 
ȻЦ֧飡

ͻȻЦֹסŮӵְؿڣ³һڵѪڵϣҲ 
˵°ڡ

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ĿҲˣ㣬ҵĺӻҺ

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̥

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Ķ˼ǣүһҺݳղ

ޣ˺ǵһأʺʲôأ˵

ӸµĿű΢ĳ£ʹ

аʱһнӣֻĻܳŵȥ

룿

ĵţԵĲֻ֮ӶԸģ 
ʲô

µǻϵģԲãģںԼ 


ˣҲżĺ⣡

ԼôجεĿʼӽֻŶĺ޶ 


ףԯʾҽǸ̥£ĺԸܵĵĻ 
ߣҪġ

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㣬޾㣡

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ܺ

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ʥãʺ£˵ȴʺ⡣

˵ʲôῪҽ֣ɪɪߵſڣסǸ죬 
𣿳һٶʮںкι˵Ǳĸ׳үб 
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[]ȻһЦٻ٣131¶
ôأļ

չ޵ĲţŬԼܹƽЩĲɵ

֪ôƵԯеߣӾֻһ仰Ҫδó 
ˣ



ĳͲȫѺڴ֮ϣȺʥãҲᱻ¶ 
º

˫Ļչޣޣ

ԯе飬Ҳ˵ŪԼɵɵĸһƬ飡

𣿲֪ԼӺ﷢ģĲʵ;

˻ʺ޵ŵԣص˵ţ̧ߵԽŮӵ޷ 
޷ĺ⣬ֻҪͲ˰ɣ

ѡ

չһڵϣµԼ͸ź죬ǼˣǸϺ 
ɫѪǣҲġ
׵͸ָȥ/ȥû¶ȵ̥壬ĸµĺӶ 
ˣĺȴûгΡ

ĸʹڣٴεĴġҡð

ٷֿˣҲֿˣ

˫̥վŲϽ߸ԯУ֮ 
Զֻг޴ڣ

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Цһ¿ٵĶŶԯеټУŮһ 
һεѪ

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һصĺ죬кӵģҲġ

㱵˺һζıǼ䣬ڿߣ

ĲĺʹĸоӺζδӺζ

ûдµˣ¶ܵԶҪĶ࣬ҽųµĲ 
ʧУ֪ҵĵ

ֻǣأҲһһ

һ·ĿЦЦһΣֻЦʲôҲ֪

ײײ˴˸ʺڳүһұ֮

̻Իװ㣬ڻԾĵΣ߸ϵԵùôС 


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ԣôҶȥأеӰǰȴҲǿȻܽǻ 
ԭͣǾǺԼΪһɣͲٷֿˣԣ

ҪΪһ壡

һѪˮ¿Цź£Ͳڷֿˣ˭ҲܽǷֿˣ

¶ԯмߣ¿֣ȴһ˲С

ųµÿһЦݵĲڵ϶ڱ仯ţѿǵĲһ˿˿ 
һİţȴûκεѪɫԼǣĹ



[]ȻһЦٻ٣136ѪӨȻ
¶ԯмߣ¿֣ȴһ˲Уٵ 
˶

ѪˮϿŰڳϵЦݱȹȻҪֲӦ 
ЦеĺͺӦ

ųµÿһЦݵĲڵ϶ڱ仯ţѿǵĲһ˿˿ 
һİţȴûκεѪɫԼǣĹ

վϵѪˮѾĿɫȴʼյĲɢȥǳ 
ġ

ƴ˦ͷЦ˰µֲϵץţץһѪۣȴ 
ץЩĺɫеʹ̲ס֣µȴ 
̵֡

ǱɫĽԯеǵų£ڳܵʹ

İأ

ף͸¶Һޣ޵԰ҵ 
ҵˣЦԼһЩԭµļϮӣ 
ӶʱЩ۰ӣегг㣬ҲݳղУ

ͷʹôϵúͲϵĵǽƬһǰ̫಻ 
ļռĴԣϲбŭҲˣ

ҪҪ֪ЩҪ

꽻ΨһǵõһĻ˳£İһС

˭ǸˮеŮ˭׵¹һȪˮУдУ 
˭ڿŮӣ

ʹôͷ֪ЩΪβԾܾ

¶ҪŮϵ¶أʹǳ¸ 
˵ĿʹӱƵͬܡˣҽ

Ҫң߿߿ֻţ˫ĿʮĿаluoڳ 
Ůӵӽ´ţȴܰ

Ҫ߿

˭ռӣʹ

Ȼ˫ۣʵһ˵ò϶Ϊһԭ

㣡Ϊʲô㣡ô㣡ۣʹţһӿѪ 
ŮӵϷȾ죬ѪƮ䣬Ůӵɢҫ۵Ĺ 
â˵

Ϊʲô㣡Ůӵૣ֬ģü΢ˮȴǴ 
⣬ĵŵ㲻Эĺ죬ҡҷһٴɫ 
ºܿ챻Ⱦϲɫ

㣡ԯ΢Σڿò˲һеĲǾϲǸʹ 


Ǹ׷ȴټ˾Ļʺ󣡾ߢʥĳ 
Ҳһδεļ̤ϣǣǵĺӶϹ

ֻǵòǵϴĻ/䣬ȴֵϧ 
ŮˣǸԳЦЦŮӣĳ£

ϵ챻µˮˢʧѪɫĽհ׵͸׵Ĳ˼䣬һ 
жפԺУõƴգȴĸһ࿪ѪܵĴ˲ 
ӡ

ǰһж˵죬ʣ

¶ԯڰнסǳ»ЦЦǶܾˡ

ʲôʹۣʲôģ

޷վֱǺⲻ£ȥڱҺ壬 
һжǺɫһж

ǸjianǻԭҰ/ԯҵĺɱĳӣ 
ģţ˸Ժӵʧˣ

˵йأǾĺʹʧȥһʱȴԼͻһ 
Ҳˣ

¶޲֪ЦЦ㣬Ȼ

ȻĽͣŮӱƽһе᲻ЪȻ 
ŮӿԯҵĹǣͲ¶ǵĺȥ

ޣң˲ֻʵĺţŮǴĿȺĽ𿪡

֪ͬһˣ֪ǸģһҲı䣬ʵ 
һ

ԯУƽ˵ţ˵֣̯ķ򦣬ӹȶ 
Ѫᣬ˵ԡѪᣬ׷ڵĿʼ

ЦЦΪ½ظǸϹˣλԭ£˵һ£VIPƱ 
ֻҪVԱеģЦЦлˣÿһЦЦ˵ĻĵЦЦ 
֤ߣȥ



[]ȻһЦٻ٣137
ԯУƽ˵ţ˵֣̯ķ򦣬ӹȶ 
Ѫᣬ˵ԡѪᣬ׷ڵĿʼ

һȪߵ˿ȴǱųջҪȣ͵ĳƣǿ 
ѪᣬǽˮԲϵȥ

ҡţı飬ٶ࿴٣ڴ˿̵Ӱ 


˫ȭţͼѹºеˣȴͽȻǲϵѪ죬Ʈ 
ȴƾһת뿪Ȼ

¶˽ƵĺţŮӵӣпҵ˻š

꣬ˡ

磬ˡ

̻Ի͵ĻʹŹƣȴûֳܷҹǰ硣

˵Ϻţǲޱ߷յķɣۿ 
ϵİɫǶ˵Ŀ飬Ч

ǵڼˣ

ֻ֪һֱ˯ţһֱš

ԣ¶ֻ˯ˣȺӹҽ˵Ļ췦

Ӧȥ˵ǵѪ׷ڵĿʼţǻѹ 
Ǳϴڣлֲģ԰ɣ

¶ֻҪѹһٰϧ㣬ΪҸŮˣ֪ܲ 
ҪҪģ޾ܾ

Ҫ޵ģ

ϣϢһɣ˼չ˻ʺ̵ţѾˣһ 
Ҫ˯ľͷһҪԼƵǸͷ

֪գαصأ

ٴαʵ۾ܾƷȥҲŲ˼죡

ūţȺʺԸβ̾ϢţͷѾգҲ 
Ŀգ֪죡

ҡ˵ңѾǹĶʩֻǴ 
һࡣ

ȷôͬ欵˿ڣǵЦЩаȣȴ 
ޱȡ

Ҹ򵥵˵ţԯϵѵɫ˹⡣

ɩӵҪˣȤţ֤ɩ 
һģΪĳɷָɣ

Ͼôˣѳܰ˵ȥ

ҾȲǾ׼ڹײģϵѣ޵ģ 
ȴòڹؼʱ˭˼ҵҽأ

Ҫѳ𣿵ͬⲻӲ˵ţв᲻

ƶ죬Ȼɩӣôɱ㣡ĳΨһһλ 
ˣ

ŶЦŴսԯȭͷ֮Ѹٵ 
Ҫʮ꣬ǼŶԡֻҪҵĵңʱ㣡

һЦңҪԼĳ 
ŵ

ԯеߣţˣвκεľ֮ɫЦɵ 


ۻأһֻŪȣյķ·ʲô

ܾ¶ڵܵܵ˵£ԯɫĿקˣͿ 
ԯֻ࣬Ŀµʧɫȴ¶

ҵپ˵İˣһ֮Ҳ 
ԯУ͸Ƿ治ˡ

ʲô㿪ȻǾ˵а¶ѹĴ 
Ը⡣

ĽɽһԵϣľվˣ̫ˡ

㣡ԯյֻһ֣㱻ϸԭ³ǻ˯ɩӣ

Ҫѹһʲô뷭۸ϸ翴˿̸ 
£ǵǰļһ

Ǹ˺ˣȴɩϣ˼

㲢ʵۣ޲ڲˡ¶ҪĸȻ˵ 
û̫ͣȴò㡣

ӴЦȻô˽ҾȻ





[]ȻһЦٻ٣138ȥ
ӴЦȻô˽ҾȻ

ʲôԯƣ۵վһѾסӵ½ôԿ 
Ҫ

ηģɽӺٺһЦһʱ俼ǣҵxing

ԯеצӵǰ壬Ƣôı꣬ǵø 
ͷѹôˡ

ȻĴ֣֪ģҲ֪ԼӦðڼ̣ 
ܣ

Ǿ˯ˣţҪ

ޣؽҧ˵ĻΪ˾¶˵

ˣУ֮ϣӵȸϣˣȴ 
ЦոٶȵĻָպԵûҴ 
ȥ㣬ҲȨʣбҵǵԵʹȻ

пЦˣһ֮Ҳҵ

Цţԯбأ

Ҫȷ¶£òŵ˫ȭȥǰӴһѣ 


ȷ˵ţӣ˫ϥɵԯе 


ҧľȻ˵Ϊȷ¶Ҳ¶ 
֮ʲô

õģΪټ

˼˵ϣԯⲽµĴǰָ̧ĶȴҲ 
۵ĽգҪӳС

ǿɻлټ

¶Ҫ㣬ǣ޵һߣҪܾ

ʺԶֻгһˣ޵޵ӣǱ޶ûϵֻ 
Ҫ

ϾҿǸŻȥ˯أŵĴźǷǿŮ˹ۣ 
ƤգţԲɫ/ֵֻǶѡ

û£һβȷʾ䣬Ҫ϶Ĵ𰸡

ǻûεҡףڵxingһ㣬 
Ӧġιˣڳϵ㡣

⻰˵ԯģԯһۣһصЦӰܶ 
ʧң綼û

磬һΨһܾɩӵˡģǾǸΣԸɩӶǡ

ǡơ̵ľ񣬽յǻͲһ 
ˡ

֪һεĻǻ

˳£ǼܲԾһŮֶҩ 
ģ

ʲô±΢

壬˿ڣҪͳһ̣ȴסˣԼὫ¡Ҫ֪ 
ǵ١

Ĭһ£ԯñӰشܾ

ֻ£ŮӲҲҵӰΪαһ 
Ҫصˣҵĵ

һҲʵģֻΪϸܡţ 
ðգ

ͽڿץųζԯȻĵڣ뿪ǰһӮ 
¶ȣ¸ʧ׶ĵʹ

Ȼ֪һ𣬾Ȼ꣡

첽ߵԯһԾͬĴɩһͬ복֮ڡ

гš

ʲô˼·£ԯǷļһá

г𡣶϶˵ţӵ̽Ůӵǰ½󣬴ֻ롣

ιʲôһǰռɩӵı

ֲ꣡û룬ȡһĴָָôһƿ˵ԯ 
崽һֻ֡˶ҵߣɫҺ 


ŭӣȷû취Ǽˣ

ʹѾˣӵҲˡŬŬ°ͣxingڳߣ 
֧򦣬ҪϢ˵ȣ

Ȼһ䲻¶ȵĻԯת뿪ͣ

𣿻ǹһͬΣ˵ţӵϢŮӵļѣ 
ǵ

ˡƿӣüӣȴ֧ĵ£˯ǰӳ 
е˭˭ʹ飿

ˣĳ߲ҲǼ£

ԺЦЦÿ¶һֲ֣֮ǰʧθ۵һ˾ 
һ绹£㣬Ī֣



[]ȻһЦٻ٣139


Ĵ÷԰Ʈʹ÷ļҲɢ˵ܰ㡣

ϣһŲٵ㼣ӯСɣӡԿ˵ 
顣

µİԣŭţɷҷȴԲٵλ֮ޡ

һԼʮµˣ֣ϵظһĶ 
ϰµ϶üɨ˫ͫˮس촽ѩȻ 
Ц㡣

ŮӺ쵥ϵ飬ҡб壬罿ˮأȻʧ 
Ļʺ󡪡£

ŮԳ浭ụ̈ʣɫӣһ㣬 
ЦŹ⡣ӭǱұеָŪǰĳԽ

զ֮ͳǰ˷ֵ񣬵ֻ֮ϵ֮ɫ 
֮ɫ

ȤȻĵ磬

ʲôã˿˵ţ΢΢һЦϵĶɣʵ 
ã

ﶼáģЦЦǳ²ŶԣҲ 
Ǹ˵Уĺá

ͷǺ̫٣ܾŮҲԲ⶯ġ

κΣŮģΣ

һסԼģ˺Ҳñȥ˺

ԣûŵඣ½Цöϵ

ԲŮ˵ţĽ̬ȥڵΪʲô

Ҫ

Ȼ˵ҾˡĿΪȻŮӣǸ 
Ķ

ǰȻһѪĽݳղʱŵĻֹػ֮ 


ԾȻͿƵĳ/Ƿк⣬Ц˵ġǻ 
źͿͬףȴˡԯУ

ڵ˫ֽգ꣬ʹԭĳ֮Ľĸӱ䣡

ɣֻһҲƷй׶֮ʹ

ô𣿵ţϣûб΢ϣ 
ȻȻİȿҪĶࡣ

£ܱǸ

׷ڣһȵķͿƵġ顱֪ЦЦЦЦʱ 
ٶȵȥ׷Լ֮ˣֻǣĸĳף

ǸˣþȥҲʹ

ȻãΪβӣֻת˻棬 
˵ЩĵأþȻݳղӣֻһ֮أû뵽 
ƺ㺡

ɷϣз棬ݳղֵĲǵһˡ

ֻϧǸ԰ϱ˵ˡ

һξ͹ˣҲΪ顣˵ǣһܸҸˣ 
ѾõӦˣôڶأ

ݳղҸİ

Ϊĸأ뵽ܲ٣ܲپ͵

İ£Ψڴϵ裬մһ㳾

ղ綼ǾˣѲɻбˣЦһ㿪 
֡

Ĺػܣǻҡ

㿪ΨһұʽΪ֪һܣͻ߽ĵף 
£

Ҫĵаĳɷ֣ú֧ˡ

ִô٣һ˿ָЦʱѾϰ 
룬ڵЦֻЦĲʵѡ

ǻϴ̫˰ɣЦȻߣڵİ꣬㿪Ҳ 
࣬Ȼǿǻϵ磬ϸ׼ʱ䣬ܹ 


εε˵ţڵĳһ꣬һһЦǺŸĵġ

Ȼ֣һЦټඣ

΢ңڵĵطѹһȴܻ 
Ӧˣ



[]ȻһЦٻ٣140Ĭ
Զˡ²ӣȻϢ΢˵ţۼպЦ

ڹҲ㣬˺ദĻ𣿵٩˵ţµĸת 
Ĵ󣬲ǾȻʶǸԵЦЦҲǻʹǸᱣԼ 
ɵŮˡ

ڵͶ䶼ɢŻȻɵŮӶʧ˻ȥ

ôҪȥİأǰԼԶѷɫġ

ûǴεĺᵶᰮûļʴڣǱĺǻŵģ 
еӣҲн˺̶ۣ࿴Цݣ

Ϊ֪ЦһѪܵģһ

£һˣùȥһ˺𣿾Ȼ 
ŬΪ죬һжˡ

ΪȻ˽ҵġʧһЦ̧׵ʱĵЦݣѾ˵ 
£ǲıġ

ˣûܸı⣬

ҪԼˣǰᣬĵ𣿺֮֮Уöõġ

һ𣿵ЦţѾǰٶֵˣֻҪǸʹˣ 
ͻõ֣

̫꣬ˣڴӡ

ֻǣȫֻǺޣҪȫȻıһ㣬²ȥ 
ȻҪڶ˻ȥ

ˣֻҪģҲֻ֧֣ҲԵ֣ⲻŵ 
ԽڵĲĵɣ

ĲţĬĲ˵ʵǵĻҲ࣬ʹǰһ

ʱȻ̲ס룬ҲǾǸڹŴˣü䲻İ 
񶨡

磬˿̣

ҹ͸¹Ҳòô̲סɪ

ż¿ǿգ㵥£ıϰߣҲ 
һĲں

ûʲôʧȥͬϵķһѲעĿ

˭֪ҪǺ̫ӵҹɫеࡣ

Ҫܾ˵ݳղǺɤзΪŮӸǺ˱̺ 
࣬һľ룬ΪԼĵ뿪



ҪΪġ˵ţɬζȴ֮䡣

һǰⲻ㣬ɱԯΪҲΪ˸ĸ 
ˣ

ҲһĲù

ҪȨҪƳеˣҪıĸҪһĵͣЪ 
ҲһĹֻ֧֣ǳĬԼ硣ֱǰǸ 
ϵŮӣһת

Ϊǳ㣬¸֮һࡣ

ǳ£ȴҲǳ£

İѾĸջأ

ֻȥɸΪɵʹαͿ̿أֻܿаգ 
ҵĸ

ų»е̾Ϣݳղȭɿ

ȷ뿪սóµĸȥԵףΪ׵һ᧿Σ 
ĹңΪ˷ֹȻϮֻ뻢

û뵽ݱɼĲҾ磡

˵ڣڣڡղǵΨһҲõѧӦ֪ 
ι֮ļ⣬ڰƽ£ҲģΪһ 
ĺһСŮ

սδ𣬰룬ǣѾۣ

֣ǴЪ˹ĽкĶǻţ 
ʹ

˵ûŹһ֣ûʸסţ

ûúõİʲôȥǣأᣬĲᣡ

ͬһ̬£ֻǺĵףһ嵭ûζĻ 


лĻҪһȥĥлĿܡ 
Ѿһ˶עӮ

Ӳ֮顣

Ů֮

Ĭţ˽ԲĬǸҪദҲܸܶԷ 
ֻѡĬĬļǹ





[]ȻһЦٻ٣141Ļ
һϮɫɴ࣬ĹŮӵˣ֮УԼ 
أմȹڣصķװõһչֱ࣬η

Ǧ棬꣬òˡٸб 
ӣ£ȴĿ

˵̨ʱѻȸҲס»ᾪӣһ̵°϶

˿Ůӿߵ̨ģٻȻʩ񣬻عǧĿתֻڽ 
յǡݳղ

ָ̧죬ȶ˿ԡ

һЦ˹ȻɫΪ֮ʱ˭עĿ

תŮӵ裬໺ȴŮӵĸķӵ쾡 
£ÿٵЦӯӯ촽˻˵ЦƣЦǧġ

ݳղǿЦֻҪЧ

ȹƮۣ΢ɴȣ̬磬Ƴ 
Ʈɫ̺֮ߡ

ŬһɵʾҪΨһǣֻίˣҲǶ 
żС鷳һرɣ

ղ粻ϲ¶ţֻõźۻӶͽ 
ϮˣӰ

¶ҪսҵͣͳľţڳǰӲԳޡϵЦⲻ 
Щϼһﾹһ·Ŀͳ¶ջء

ЩʹڣǼˣĳ˵ŭѲ̣ʱܷ

ղӦ¶ģ˵Ŷִģһȴ 
ԼĻЦţ͵͵ЦӦȫ

ĿɨһɳӺӣ¶ĻľȻʾ⣬ûλʦһ 
˻еأ

ҹһжԤеĻҪãǿȻʱЩˣһ 
裬ɱÿӵĶ򶯲źأ

ӵµİţǱתãİ鳪˵ĸʲû 
˵˼ֱߵ˶չָֿʼµ֪Ϧ 
Ϧ

㿿ҿ)

(һһǰ)

ӳ鳣

ǣůͷ

ǣֻɽ

ӡ

Ҹбͷ

ӳ

ǣ

㿿ҿ

һһǰ

ϸŸʶԺͻʵ֮/㺣һ 
࣬һǣ֣ݳӾվż򵥵ֻ̽꣬ǻʵʵ 
޷ˣ䵱

Ϊ⣬ĽɤᣬǵģȻģ֮Ĺϵ 
ǲĿģ

ӳ(ӳ)

ǣ(ǣ)

ĵ·

쳤ؾùͷ(ͷ)

ͷ

ķ˵ţŮˮǧΣĻӵ˵ 
ԼĽ趯˿Ĳܻ䣬ϵǡ

Ƶɴȹ½޹ǵŤ/ÿһ˵񾭣ȻҲ 
ˣֻŮӲδоĵΪ˼һֱ

(ӳ鳣)

(ǣůͷ)

(ǣֻɽ)

(ӡ)

(Ҹбͷ)

ӳ

ǣ

㿿ҿ

һһǰ

ӳ(ӳ)

ǣ(ǣ)

ĵ·

쳤ؾùͷ(ͷ)

ͷ

(㿿ҿ)

(һһǰ)

һգͣ貽ȴû֣ͣµָԵһƳɽᣬ 
ЦᷢԸܹף

׵һЦƿıۣ˿

¶Ϊ޻߿ͻسһ̣ŮȻ뻳ССԴ 
㵣ȴʹ˴סֿסŮӵĺԣס/˵Ľޡ

ǵļƻһ𣿳΢Ĵݼʣ̵顣

תһ˲΢ŮӸ̧ۣס˵ľǵĸ롣

Ϸֻ룬˵ģ𣿳΢ЦĻӦ



[]ȻһЦٻ٣142
Ϸֻ룬˵ģ

δĽ˳ǣݳղкиĲyuҪ 
ȴܣǵصϵĲԣεĿܡ

Ķ̫٣ֻ֪һֻܵһǱ 
ܶѡ

³޽ΪʹһȱϲƣòЦ 
ȴʵƸܵĲᡣ

絽

³ʮ죬üֻҪǴ°ɣ

¶޵ĵеţⱻ˿ȵ飬ڶ 
ǸϵĳĹͷѡİǸ 
еĺޣ

лӮ

֪ģⲻǸĿʼֺαأѽ

ָӣе̾ţܾѾһΣѵҪ̽ 


ֻ£Ҫʧѣ

ػϲüˣص޹ں󹬣ǧƪһɵףֱһ̣ǲ 
Լڿ˭Ůˣвϧ

ǣʵۻᱨ

ϧǣ˾ɫˣվԼԵ

޵ĺ󣬲𣿵Ǻ֮ףֻҪãŮʺλö 
ģֺγǶԯеĳͷأ

õķܰ׵ϣ룬ǵڳҲ 
޲ˣֻݵһ

²ǳ£ϲҪΪѲǣЦųеķ״ƲĴ򿪣뿪 
Ļȴ֡

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Ҫžܾ¶ǣصϣǲģֻҪ 
Щ޵ʱ䣬ڲƿĳϡΪҵӣ㸴ѳ 
¶βǡ

ΣΨһţ֮£

ϣ㺵ۣôһǶҡģһ 
пܻҸɣǣӵֵȫĶŮӣȻǲܵģ

֮ˣҪܱĸоεȥأ

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ݳղȢ޵Ļʺ°ĵ˰ɣ

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޻һһ㰮鲻壡




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ͷĺ̺õİٹʹߣǵйľԯУ״ 
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ִģЯ̨ףʱüĿ飬ֻб˴ˡԯе 
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[]ȻһЦٻ٣151
ˮӳصĺϣµֱ۸߸ߵ𣬶׼ԯеؿ

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[]ȻһЦٻ٣152ϥ
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[]ȻһЦٻ٣154
¶ȷԼĵȺǿ̵Yuʱĥ᲻ 
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֪öٵʱȥЦأ

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ϣʳӣ˵檵۾᲻װ˼ģ 
ó£ϣİţܷ֣˺Լ˵ 
ֻһʱŭ˾Ͳ˺ĺˣ

ԣһģ

ڣģÿػȺū𣿾Ȼһ仰˵Σ

ţԯеŭ¶ףӣٻ򦣬šȷ 
һ˫貵ӣģ

ʺ֪ˣð飬ƹ檣Ź檵ĺӰ 
ǿ˵ٻıĶ󣬾Գǳ˵ģ 
̱סҪ֪ġ

ٻļxingǱ˼أ˭պûĸأͱȽ 
áҡףһϧģջָŮˣǲͬġ 
иȻ

֣֪ʲô˼ʵĻʺҪ

һ˿ϣǰͲͺӶȥģ

ҧ˴꣬ٶ˵һĻˣ˵棡

£Ҳģݺݵ˵ţû˺Ӿûָʲ 
ôأٻĴڵأȺ١

¹֮˵أؿڣܾ״æ˽ԯеĻСϣ 
ҪŶ

ţ޹ǵӻ˵ǰЦȴǲ 
èĸоŪŴȤģ

ѹֵĳû¾͸֣ԭˣģ̫֪ˡ

ڣҶ¶ǹҡһŽٻ߿ 
ϵķ밧ҿųµ˱ù

ϣԳ檣˵ĺģ鴤СĻвִڴ 
ٻǲ˲ĶˣֻҪһϧĿ

ѵٶȵʧˡ˵Ŀӹһ˿С

йһ̵飿

Ǳأ֪Ϊ˭ϧţ뿪ԯеĻﲨת 
ҵĶ⣬ԯУͬŮ˵Ҳһ 
ϡ

ͬǣǰĶǿ־壡ǾζЦʵй 


ոп˭ÿһ˰ɣǿûкӣ׷׵ĺţû 
˼ϣϾŲϣ

ңĵʲôɱ

ɱ˭



[]ټȻ޲ݣ166Ѫʺ
ңĵʲôɱɱ˭

ᵥŮӵЦ⣬ɱŵӿƶţ׼ 
յ˻ɱ˻ɱ

Ϣֻĵ治ǿԼΪϾԲʺסд 
Ŀxing

¶㣡Ҫ֪ǱڵΣգڳЦ£ԯֻ 
ȭΪš

ɱˣƺ

ҲɱΪϷſʼԼȴּģ

İֻҪ˺Լһġ

ϲ²³еĵǷ䣬䵽˭أְһ˿ڵ 
ϣ̴£㷢ƮڿУݡ

¶ѧ޵ÿյʱԴڣỹ

˵Ϻ߶üεЩѪɫ̲ס 
ЦţһЦ⣬ĳɷ֡ͻ⣬õɱ/ 
ȨԼ´ҲﲻѧΪ

ɲֻ˼ãɱԼ

ڣ¶ȷϰ䣡ᱣ

Ŷ檵ԼУԲô 
ϵѪʺأ

ҪѧһµЩǵ˧ʵ̫ˣΪ

ǳһСĶȡٻxingϲ²¿Ⱥ౾꣬ 
ԯش𣬵ֱֱĿڵϵٻ䲻󣬵Ѫ 
˵ġ

е۾еǸŵҪ۾ϻ

¶һԯǰҪֹµΪȴеĵı 
򣬻ֿߡ

˻ϵ˿ڣǺܴ󣬵ѪѾָʵ 
ϣȾɸɫҲеڵصģવ졣

üһ䣡

̫ų£ͻֿᷢٻǵĿɣ

¶ֱ߱㼸أޣ˭㲢ĵҪ޵ 
أ

ȴȴһģӴɫףĿ͹ֱֱ 
˵ϣӻ鴤š

ôֲ

üеѪĵУĶڽűߣûɱأ

ʺ߱ˣ֪˭Ȼĺţӵ 
Ǵ׶Ϊʾⲻᣬǲǰ衣

Ů˸ȥ乬ΪҪ£ 
£ʲôҲû

˵ţԯ߽һ̧˵ֱǣסµ֣˿ڻ 
ҲֻѪȵȥġ

˳Ĭܳȥӵĺڰıٻshenǣ 
š

ôҲأҪɢҲãǸұ֤ѽй

ϣҽ˿ֹѪɣе²˵һҵţʼ 
ûҲֵĹ֮⣬·ִбֵ񣬵ԯ 
ǸмĶЦһ¡

е±곤һЩȴǽˣûҲͲнԯУū 
Ҳʦѣ

ɳɺãϣµָ˿⣬̽˸ѵ䣬˫һ 
˺ϣŲ˺ԯеߣʳָôĿⷭ 
ţѪܿı㽫Ⱦ졣

أսԯе˿ڣţ໪ǳªϣ 
ı㡣ҪҪ

ܾĻᣬֱӵϣСĲƣϢĿУŵ 
뿪

¶ԲҪЦ𣿵ߵĻ˻ȥ˿Цαʹ´Σ 
¶ҪԼ֣֪

ûŭȴţһ˵Լô죡

Ҫҿĳ谮̶ȣһξ͹ˣοķʽ

ϵѪеζˡ˿ڣţ 
ΪǶôɿڵʳô˼ֱһ㣡

ȻĻʺȻѪȺãȹѪ

죡

ص࣬ǿŻҲ٣

ҽķӣܿ¶ϲζɣΪ 
ȥǵʺ죬Ѫ˵飬µ 
ʡ

⼸ôأһղʳȫĲƱԹƽ˵ţ¿ 
ʼΪԯа˿ֻõᣬ˲ü 
ҧ֪ˡ

Ľ˿ϵҩ߳Ѫ˿Ӷ˵ 
ϥ䣬ٻǷ޺޵ĿԣŮỹֻǺѣԯ 
е⻹ģ

ιʡɣ۾ٵɻᱬŶϻϲʲôŪ˵ţ 
·ˣӣſ˵ϥϣҪҵѵķʽȻۣΪ¹ 
ĺˣΪĺӣҲҽȥù 
һ٣Ȩ컯Σ

棿һŮӵü¹бĿģ

ΪʲôأŮĸŮ£ӣ˱⵹û˭ 
ĸףֺ£ΪҪܾأüʣ¹ұЦݣ 
žµ壬΢Ĵкĳ˵һʴĸй١

ҪҵĺӣܵĻס˶ӣźһûµģһ

ˣҡ֣¾˵ֻǰչδ̫ӣֻ 
Ĺע

ʲô˼ٻŵţ֪ĺĵ

ʺӣһλӻ̫ӵĸױأӻ̫ 
ӽɻʺ˵ÿˣ˵ţµƮһ 
һֱҪ˵ŮˣֻϧѾע⵽ˡλöԼĺ 
ǹɣȴû񲻿

ôүүֻʱסҡͷȴЩѹе 
Ϣ֪еʱĻϲԭ

°ɣˡÿǾֵŮҲһУο 
˵ϰأձ磬λ磡ûͣŵġ

صĴ˸Ƿԯеϥ们£ԶתʵĴ󴲣̰ζ 
ֻǲԼ޹Ϣߵļ䣬ҪϢ

ϸĽŲºЦΣ֪Щʲôΰأڴ



[]ټȻ޲ݣ167˭
еˣտ޹ΪŮ˵ϢԵܰů 
ҹٹ¼ţһˡ

˯˶ȵĺЦš

ŮӵͷԼļϣһֻӸ˵ϣ۸űŮ 
ӵ֫뽫ѪˮմȾϣ¶ֻζǲʺ 
ζ

ͷŮӵ㷢䣬˵ţ̫ģ׼Ҫ

ȴ/ķӦǸ

¶ޣǺѷ˰ɣţΪԼõĲ/ɬ

ֻҪ߾ͺãǿģǿռ

¶޲ĽܣֻĻܶһЩֻҪܸĴڱ 


ÿҹ͵/Լһ/̬¶ԶԶĿ 
ҲҸУ

¶˵ûбŰ

Цţ˺ܿ첽࣬ڿ԰ȵϢˡ

ҹĻ٣ȥһһŮ̫ҲǻѮ 
ڵû𴲵˼һε˯߷·Ҫ֮ǰǷȱȫء

ϤŮӵĴ겻Ĺ

ղ͵ˣ첻糯δ̧ÿѵĽʱı 
ϲƣҲϰӣºջˮơ

Ҫװ˯СӵΪ˯ĳ±ǰŵ 
ֱˣ˵ֱ̫ˣѲ

ϣһ˲٣֮ǰĻʶȥ˵ǰߵ 
ʵһô⣿

Ӧ΢v˽üͷࡣ

ôˣ޹ǽߣ

ϲ糯ֲǳԲԲɲþղ糯Ҳû½/ 


˭ȻĿʵ΢˺µֻԼ̳

ԯУģŹǷ˯̫Ҫ˯ĸоأ

㲻ڳԴװɣͽԼոջǡղ硱ѹһ 
ˡչĵͬỽֲϡ棡

ûҪ͵˼Ѳŭ 
ÿյʹshen

޻ļ¶ĨȥͬǸ˵ֺӰ񣡰Ե˵ţ 
˵ĴŮӵġ

༼ɵ˿ıݣķҷҧ۴Ҫһ 
ԵŮͷ㿪ܡ

ҵˣͻЦ

ЦʲôϢصŮӣǼ˲רĶ

ϵŴӺζأ͵Ĵ꣬Цһǧ 
ҹڳߵ˶ղ磬ĻϢζǣ 
еһж˳µ꣬Ƿݳصİǳ̹ĵģѵҪ 
µĽϴȥοµĹǽζϴˢ߳µŽ 
İ׿

ɣģһŮӵֵԶԣŮһҪȥ 
ŮˣĻӦİ

ԹŶޣΪ᲻ɣ

ԼõЩ

Ǿ޵Ļ޵Ϣ޵ǣ޵İһ¶磡ٶȵϯ 
ŮӵĴ˵һ롣

ǹ𣿳檽տڽأ˵Ĵһ뿪˵ 
ദ

յһУȴǿ£Ҳڹǰඣ

ת󹬣ֻлʧȥʴζ

ջֱۣ˺Ϣʵǲ뿴ȥӰûڵĻ 
ؿҲʹ

пգȥôļֻͥҲĵĺܣԽ˵ 
Ůӳ´ϵĳ۵Ϊʡ˲ٵ鷳ŶˣĴ 
˯ʻˡ

¶ϲͺã˵ĻǶÿһҪı׼𰸣ֻܶ 


ˣͲأ

Ϊ˱⳼ʸڣϿȥκεϢǱȥ檵޹ 
겢ӭЦ˵ţʱҲЦ⣬Ь 
ĳ뿪˴齣Ǹõһأ

Ϊ¶ߣǸ˾ͲĵߣҪӵ˯ 
㲻

ɣӻ֣뿪ֻ̤ſڵʱ˵һԯѪ 
檲ղ磬ҲܣǺǣ

ЦһٻӰʧУͽһ޴йе

һռģκһ˿Ŀ϶

¶޵İȻղأԣֻܽܣ



[]ټȻ޲ݣ168
΢죬֦ͷϵߴߴĽţòɡ

̺ɫ·Ľ˶бһҵĺͯڶŪţǴĸĹԣ 
ͯϲûЦݣǴŷͯɵͲĳ죬СС 
üͷš

ūүɣͩǰ˵̿ǽŵ飬ÿһ 
ЦűŮӶǸ˺ģֻͩһ˵ĻССȴ֪ 
ͩĻΨһȫĵط

͵͵Ŀһ۳£СʹԿͷ­˵

ƯŮͩи߹׺ܰΪʲô 
ôòأʲôǵ

ĺ࿴ۣң

Ҫʲô£׻ٴεȥһˣҲˣ

ĺܲأЦһòãͩҡҡͷӻҪ 
ͨģҪ߳Ƿյ磬һֵĺӡ

ڹ궼ûп𣿹ӵ°ͣҪܱǸ 
˺صĲûܿͳͲҪ

𣿶׾š

׵ˣԻصߣһֱߣͳ 
ͳȥ磬òãҲֿŵţ 
źӣļţɵÿɬһЦԺ󲻻۸ˣ 
ᱣͣ׵Ļг

׻ߣǲҪС־ס׵½˵ 
ǹ¶ûҪҰ/֣

ö׵ĻԲԣ׽סС֣ڴţЦŽӵ 
ͺùԣ׺͵أͽһף

򲻴ĵ±˻⣬ֻҪö֪Լĸ 
֪ǺõĿʼ

һ͵Уͩ˵ٳԶѹ᳤ֻС

ܺóԵģҪҪ˵ţСһлŲΡһ 
ڣһںòã

ҧһֶĸ㣬Цŵݵ͵ĿڱߡԺͳԵõĶҪ 
׻д֣һõˣ

ʲôõأͺף¿֮׻᲻ϲ 


ǣҪõģǾĺðɣСһﲻǺȷţſҧ 
һڸ㣬ĺܺóأûгԹôĶҪԱԲ 
һεĳ꣬ҪһԲſԡ

ݵСֽеĸƵߣײϲҲҪٳԺˣ 
Ҫ׻᲻ˣ

ƲƲС죬ĺϲζ

ͣһסҪС֣Ц۽ȴ 
ɬģҪ

ɵĵͷҪףҪ׵ĻгȻ 
Ҫ׵˼롣

ôǲẦɣЦҪ磡

׵Ķӣһ

ͺùԣգ½£𣬵ζڻڿУܸлԼ 
ĵСһ

檵ߵʺԳΪףӲΰмĳ£Ǳΰݵ˽ 
һˣּӻûκ

ҡף˺ö࣬ȻܺóԣСθװ̫Ķ

׻᲻ˣǺ¸ҵıʾ˾ܾ׻

ɵӣ͵ͷЦЦ˵ϲҪܾϲĶҲ 
ҪʾŻᱻ֪

ûвƶǶĵͷֻҪ˵Ķ԰ɣ

ͽҪԼҪ¸ҵԽһУҲҪ׻ᱣͲܵ 
𣿼ٶȵĵͷ½ԵλϣȰЦЦٻʱ 
ϻʺӦеϣЦ⡣

ڽúأϣһ˸еλãŮӵĿɨ 
ˡ

˾Ǳ粻θڣ˵ţ¾Ӿÿˡ

εĻؾסǴ̱ǵζֻýűǻζڸŻ 
ζ

ʲô룬һӵˮҪε˵ܶθأ

һ£Ůӵָֻ˹еЦݣһƬζĳţ 
ٶԣһơ

Ҫ𣿺Ҫˤӣ뵽֮ǰѪһĻǻµ 
ꡣ

ˢˢĿ㣬ȴޱšʳѵǻʺõ 
ָǷǲһģ

Żǿų£˶ܲ˵˳еûԵŻһ 
װϽǿɫȴֻܼġܡ

˼˭˷ʳĵⲻõϰߣķԸţһԵ 
ǰһصĽŲв

ܲ

ίˮû˸˵ֻ֣ú£жԳµĺҲ 
һ֣ЩŻˣ˼ġָ¶ԼղŵĲڼΪŸ 
³ʳȥ

ӣ⼸ɸλõĹգձǶԸλĻ񣬿ɲҪ 
˾ܾϣһΣ·ҪҲ 
Ȥ

һᣬмҪ͸λãԣܾӣ 
´Ц˳ɫĵһҪߵģһʱѣλ 
òҪ̫ļǡ

ϣһ̲ڣȵСϰߡ

ϼݵе¸ߺһһϮɫӰ̤ԺУĺùգ˫ָ 
̤ųȶĲϸЦֻΪһˡ

û̧ͷԯ۽ӰĨߴΪס⣬ 
飡ûиƬֻùѡ

εԯе֣Ƥɹڣɲ뱻һů

ϳԹţһԵŻֵֹ£෴ 
ΪȤ

¶䷹ģ᲻ӰɣԴ˵ҪΪ 
ǳ¶ˣ

üĿЩſڱǣǣԯԸбǸıȥ 
ʧȥ֮Ů˳Ҫ⣬Ҳŵϧ¶Ĵڣ 
ͱ΢ˡ

ովһᣬ˵һʱԺǻʲôֻϣ 
Ǽ򵥵ĶãҪֵ䣬ΪƺȻһᱣȫ 


ԣЦЦĵĺܲңߣϷſʼϣ⣡ 
лԣЦЦϹл



[]ټȻ޲ݣ169Ц뿪
ʱ޹ţǵ̫ǿÿһͻ 
ӭǷƵı飬űԯеŭգ飬˭ 


֮ڣֻͲĿһУʳܺóԣΪʲôҶϲأ 
µʳٳԣĲǺζĳԣ֪ԭǶûԹ 
ֲЩʳʱǴЦݵġ

СԺ󲻻ı˰ɣ̾Ϣţ˵Ķԣ˷ʳǲõϰߣӦøҲ˵ġ̵ģ

ԯеĻУ½ǿʳż˵ϼ仰յҲ͵ĺܡ

ϷԯвҪ£ȴ޷ڣЩֻ֮ζѡ

żıԯеߣ»ǱߣȫԵ̩Ȼı뻳Ƿݲ͵Ƿڲͬ˼Ѿش϶Ĵ𰸡

һʱʱ䵽ˣû̵ƤЩʹ˴ɡĿԯеĻУ˵ϣһѵϷɺã

ЦŵͷԯвȴǳƵġ

Цڸշϳɣʺ󽫻ᡰ¡

ȻʱĵڳŮӿʼĳ״Żµڲ٣ָ 
ʼֵץźÿĲһ·ץţ̽½󣬿 
˲yinŶ֮Щ߳ĵŮҧ˴꣬Ѫ乡

ǣҩԯü¶ôַЩ 
ҩǲҩڵġ

˿Ѿ˿ƲסĲ죬¶ļͷĳĿ 
Ϻϣ˲õ뷨

ųµּû뿪ĿܣȻŮҲȼĴ׻

ϣ檿ΪأҹҧԯеĶ䣬С˵һ䣬ֻ 
ԯе䣬£õ˵¶ҪҪ 
𣿲Ҫ̽Ϊһ˵ıɫ

ĻԲԯе¸ȣΪȼε˶ķۣ 
˵˿¡

Ǻǣ檻Ϊλøе˱أԯеû۽ 
Ȼ֪ĽķӦҪӿȴܡ

ϣãǵӻ֪Լҵ˭û˵߲Զ 
֪ôԯеߣ˿ȴǹԯеĽ£ 
۵ĵ׽

ҩ΢ɵĴ롣

ϻãţµֻ˵ľﲨ͡

¶ϣԶϵķҷĴ꣬뿪ûн 
ϣ˷޼qingȤĿ֮£ıã 
ĵҪֻŪˡ

ڳµϣ˵İ˶Ϊ֮˿̶ 
˹ѡ

ϣ檺ܣֲ֪ǺʱӣһĶԯе½ǣҪ 
˺ѿ

Ӷ߿ӣԯŭԶԡ

ֻ˵һδҪͱҩƵŮ޼£¶ 
£ǲܣ

ϣﳼ檣߿˻һĽո/ģе 
Ѿһеԯеϣеľ䣬

ЦһԯƿŮӵĿյһƬõλ 
Ҫˣվһʼ磬ԯвĵ΢Цš

һҪjiԺŻjiŮģ

һ߱͵ͩʾ⣬бӲÿһĻġ

תǰɫ̺ȻǸϧӣΪ 
ݿأ

ÿϲζҨһƷڱǼţڵϣϲ˷ѣ 
ҩԼθڰˡ

Цţ˫ȭ࣬ԲԼ΢ӣ

ʺֻѧĵַ𣿳ʧأһĳ 
£յձӱֻأ

ЩʾأָãҪݺͳǼ¡

أмţȷСһЩҲ̫˰µĳ̶ȣ 
ӸһλᣬҪٲܷ

˵ֶβˣ¶ʧȥˣ

Щǻλõģǽٺúõת󹬰ɣϾ 
ֻҶѣָ㣬͸źεգĸܵŮ 
˹ȻǿڲĵĶҲҪʧǣ

Ŀ΢һлᰴ˼ȥߣԼ飡

죬ĺأ

ſڣЦҩĽ취һǺ˽/ 
ʵֻһҿԿһ¿ŶҪ/οûõģڵ 
ǾԲУǵѪҺҩʴֻҪ³ɣ

Ц뿪Ըڹ˼Źغãͬԯһ棬 
汻ȾĿˣȥԼ°ɣ

ټˣ֪Ǻζأ



[]ټȻ޲ݣ170Ϊ
ʻʢɫĻڵԭ˵Ժ˼ֵļ

ʱȴͥĻΪ˭أ

һֱڲ˼̤˾ΥңΨһǴ¶ 
ĹػǸ˺þõ

ɻڣ

˰ҵţĵ̺ɵո£ûΪµĸǨ˵ʧȥ 
ɫʺһģˮײĵλá

˾Ǻεȵģ׵ãôмֵưɣ

ҪεĽӽҲ֪Ҫβܻɵ߸ 
󹬵ļƻ

Ϣյůû׵Ĺϵ

ˣ߲֪ʱվһλɫӣڼû 
κε໹мװģڲࡣ

һֱ

·֮Ⱥ˵ĵѾ֪࣡룬˵ͳ 
˵̬ǹ

Ҳ֪ȻҲ֪ԼǰĿİɣ

ף¶˽⣬Ƕ¶Ȼأѯʣȴ˸ 


ȷҪô̧˿նӣһ̲ţѯʵ̬ȴ 
ɫҪôʵ

Կ϶֪׻ԭ

ûжֻ˵֮ɡ˻شĹ

װɣĿҵţ˽˸Ҳһнƻ󣬿Ҫô 


ǰʲôźǱﶳ˶ʮ꣬ڻ 
ɣ㽫ʲô£¶Ϊδ˵Ը

Ĵ½ʱķ紵˿

˶ӽחK֮ϵĽɨв֪ʱһֻҨһе 
ˮժһеڻɷۣˮУȼһſǷ 
Удʡ

Ƭ֮ͻ˫ۣƷ罫еţǵɫˮһ 
˹חK֮ϣǿҵĹ⣬̧۵ס۾ǹâʹ˫Ŀ

ءһˮĹײѿǼڳµǰ 
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Ե˴ҽһӦþԣ˶ӾѪҺѭ岻ʵĻ 
лҪʡ

ôҪ⻰ʵڸʹĺ⣬ʹóЦ 
Ҫ˵ΪĸױⲻĽڰɣȴѾ嶼˵ϣڸո 
һǵҲжˣ֪

ľԼ뱣ȴΪģȴǣŮ˲ֵͬ 
飬һȪะ

£ۼˣ㵱治ϷŹǣھȪ֮žҲãʱ 
ȷûô࣬Ѿܻͷֺαأ

ڱ߽ܿ࣬ѵĺã

ĹyuѪأԼ˶⣬¿ǲ 
ͬһ㷢ڱᣬŵ˵ϤҲ 
ǡ

˵ϲʲôشĻᣬֵ㷢ɣȻ 
аֵʣֻǵƾһͷڷжٵأ

һΪе

ʺǼʰɣ˵Щ˿˼ѰҲΨһֻ 
ΪĶһأ

Ϊʵӣÿεദֻķ˿֮䣬 
ֻһȡ

ҲɹǷ/ٻĺǴӺζ

϶Ů۰Ѿһĳ磬ǰıԼأ 
ĺӺͽɽ

ҵǣȻŮˣȴҲٻʹǸҲ 
³ɣȥҲг㣬ǱߵȺǵݰ٣

ʣмֻڱ˵пʡªεʱҲ 
üʲô˼ʱûпںĶ󣬼ҲҪõ 
ûЩҫķϿɻ࿴һأ

䲻ץĳҡͷǧ˿ȥ˰ɣ

Ϊֵ֮á

ǣ֮䣬˿аƮڵأͷǰ볤ķ˿ҵ 
ϣŵӡ

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ôҲӲȥ

ûˣΨһĵطŮ˻ٵˣúޣ

¶󲽶ˣü𣬲Żعʱԯס˽Ų 
ôͻ̵ᷢ¼أ

ס˳ӣôܸܳ˺

ϣֻ˶ѣûʲôġɫĴ꣬Ϳ¿֬ 
ǲʴʹ࣬ж˭µĶǸ˸ص 
ۡ

ϲҲڳֹ»û£αؽأЦݣһ 
СС

¶ʹų£Ǽ¶еһ̰ɣԵĻԸ 
һΡǧ㡱ĶxingĨȥһĺ⣡

Ȼشһòá˵Ļֻûôʱ 
ˡ

áԾֻܾش㲻ԹԵƣһ˺ 
ٴεĳʧȥʹ࣡

ϲ㷢ʲôɣȻҲڵȴ𰸡

Ϊķ¶ζһƷ˿Ǹǲ 
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˵һֻΪкͳƵĵط˳檵Ӱ 
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ǡֵĻشԯϵ˿ڣɫѪҺţҪ 
ܵİæСү

һԵţȻΨһү׵ܵԯ壬Ҳ˵ 
ˡ

ڷ޵ϣ׼ɡ֪жȻ 
̻ʺ¾̫ƽ𣿱˳£ŵתʱѲ 
ڡ

̫٣ֻܸһгŮӣ˱ֵ֣

檺ͻǷĹ֪Լʲôˣסڻʹ 
ҲĻٳ֮һȴֻкҹáڻϵУ 
Ůɻаڳ檵λã

ĵţոյĻȻĳףֻǻԼ 
ôһģôҲˡ

ҩ壡ʩ˵ţԯûжٵֻͣҪԯ 
ϵĶɽ⣬ԼңȴҲרжֻ 
ó¶һʹˣ

檸ߵл𣿾ţˡﲢΪǴ˳µ 
֣Ҳ˵Ҳʣˡûнҩ

ҧ˵ϿʼɫȴͳµԲͬxingҧ 
񾭣忪ʼֹסĲš

ΪʲôжôöûʲôӦȴ





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ΪʲôжôöûʲôӦȴ

һڣƬķҶ˳ʹŤΪʲôֻһ 
ˣ

Ķų£ڵûа취ʻӿҩʳ 
ֻϣ֮ǰܹҲͬʹ࣡

͹ԣ˯һòãķ͵Сúӿ̵̫¡

ţɵĵͷСͺ۽ǣëĶţ׵Ļһ 
Ҫ

ӹ˱ӣԯΪ͸ϣ˿ڻûдãҶģ

Ѿ˺ܾãͲˡ˳Ŀԯеļͷʱ 
һ뿴Լε°ɣϧҲᵹµġû취㵽һ 
ȥãΪǰٶ֣еĶҩ뱾嶼ֻǼǿ 
ҩҩxingѣøлأϾû˻ȥԼж

΢ЦһŻŮڶĴݲҲһҡҷ 
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¶˵ڵļԯ׽˳µļ磬ŵţ 
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ǲᱻҩĥ

΢Ц֪ôͲóԯи˺ˣ 
ǧ㡱ʴͲ

Щϵ˿ԯеעѿ˺ģ 


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ûо˿ĿѴﵽûеˡ

¶˵ỽţߵĻᶼ

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תȷֱϵ˿ڲжļԯвջĿ⣬ 
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ԱˣǾ

ˣ롰Ҥ֮ڼ֮ŮһɳΪji· 
ԯɨһѷва顣

˺ᲢֻԼᵽġ

ĳͷҪ˺µǱҪʹ£ľ壬Ҫ 
־͹һ֮ڳҪɱʺ˰ɣ

Ҥ

ǲѪҺҲûʲôµһ˿Լ 
أ

Ϊβڷ޵ϸʹ죡ڵܣ

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ȻɿڵϣرıѲܻǣֻ֪Լӵı 
ңžҪĸо

ˣѪҲڹŮĲ¼ûʲôۼŴ 
ȼ˲崦Ѭ㣬ѪζҲš

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и˿ѸٸԭҩƷټ涨

͵ļ磬СӾ˯ߣ֮Ҳǵøոյɣ

ʺҩ˼ι·£ڵģһԡ

˼Ҥʲôططʱ¶ľ£һ֮ 
µģʲôطأ

ش̵ĵطҲֻ˵ѣֻܽԼת 
¡ʬ岻˵ǶޱȣƮ 
ͨ׼ŷĹֱȷΪֹ

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ʵǱϵʳɰ׹ǡǿصģ 
ҲΪ˵һȴڡҤˣ»ǳΪ֪ 
ܡ

Ҳд⡣ȻĵͷЩεεΪֲ 
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ģ

ֻԼ̷֮ϣȥҲӰù



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ոȥҵĳ£Ž㱻һ˫Σ㱼ֻ̧ 
һԼʮͷ꣬ɫۣһſݵζЦ 
еĳ˾ŷֵơ



ջ֣ŮŽŻУЦүͻϵĸأ 
ʺӶܻ䡣

luo˯ϰߣ֪ε˻˭أ

ɩƽȣֻעʳ̲ɡûлشµ٩ĻǶ 
ڳǰٶֵҩмȤ

ܱ֤˷úٶֵҩҲоҲɹˣǰѶﵱҩ 
β͸ģ

Ǹɶ񣬷Ҫʲôһ

ɺޣԯ߬ȭͷͻ˵Ҫ˻ɩĻ֪ʲô 
ĺоҩֻҪѪͿˣ

ֻԼɣǸʵϸ֪ЩһѷƷҲ˵ 
Ҫϸӣİأ

ԯΪѵĿų£Ǻͻɩϸ֪᲻ 
أ

ЦĿԯǺӻı飬ûеϻʵۻҲһɣ 
ʱĥƽԯеǣֻһƬѣ 
ʱԯ嵹ûʲôı䡣

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νҽѾϱˣҪ

ɩ֪ǴеģɲΪϸµġǻɩ֪ 
СܵݣŸҷǶ

ҡףֻܲ²йأȴ֪˭˫۾ǲǵģϾ 
ԼʹҲ١

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ܷ϶ŵģԯлǿƣҲ˵׼

һںʱأ

ΪɩΪֲأΪƽı磬Ҳ 


һ³¶ģͻһɱǵĺӡ

ǸȻֳû֪ȥԼĺ 
Ե

ﱸʮ꣬ôΪŮ˽أȻ 
ڣ

ɱûе⣬Ĩ̽Ϊأ

ɱҡͷҪϸĴʵۿǺܲ档

ү֪˴λعĿЦ˵ţκһ˶ã 
ԯҵ˸ԣȻĶԱûãǱɱĻʵϸ 
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أ

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Ѳүһֱڵ죬ſԵϻλѹ·˵ܣ 
аȵʵ

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Ҳû湻ԲϸᣬҲһʥּˡ

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͸ҩ˳ųµָ˿ڣָ࿪š

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ͯòԯɫ˵͸¶ɱ

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ôѡͬҪһҪԯƷһ 
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ʺԳ˵ʲô̧΢ŵͷƫų£ڿ

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Ϊйɥ񣬵û֪ǣȥȴȻĻү

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ƣϸţԻŷǷУһ·Ѱдġ

ϸϸĴŷÿһȴһԶ֣ζǴ 
ĵط



鰸ǰûԯеӰݸһЦʱĳλϢ 
ɣʵֻվǸƽ˶ѡ

ָ⻮ڵͼÿһʵ۶ϲԼ

ô˼أЦ

ţһ/˳µ˼ɣѵ

һ죬ͱ˵ļ//ϷǿǷǳµģοҲѵĹڡ 
һȨ޵ĵطҲ˵ѡ

ٲԼѰ˷ɣ

һ˵/εʼ磬ôˬ

ӿ˲ߵſڴʱ̲סЦ룬jianʬںһư£ 
ô˵飬ŮȴûκεķӦأ

أ޹رˡ

̤˷ţ̫๪ʺãûлӦǰȥոյζҲʧˡ 
˴

̧ͷ죬ǵƤգ۾ҲһЦЩǳҲ˴ڰɣ

һϮøˣҪ

Ҳã/һϴȥɣ

˦˦ͷôظĻطԯиոյأ

ָо֣

ȵȣǸо֣ǲ֪Ļ㣬·ǰĿ鷿 
Ǹ/˲Ŷԣ

Ȼתһ¿첽߻鷿żǸԴѰȥ 
վڷΨһһǰһѽӳϣҪ 
Ķźá

Ȼ״󣬲ɵһ

ǰضѪ죬˫ۻǸЩ˿ڶ£Ѫʣܿõ 
ؿһذףϤ

ŵԿĳ˶ƺҲ塣

ôȥֻ´˿̵ѾȲⶾˣҽ 
̹ԯҲδȫͨɣ

ԥţ°ӣԯеǰ˭бأ 
Ĺ򣬳ղ˭

ղҡףΪԼ뷨еЦ

ղ֣Ǵ˵һһ̣ذ 
ıң¶ܵġ

ʳָ̽ԯеı£ϢѾú΢ûжÿԻˣܾ 
ֻԼ

þֻҪһʱ䣬Ҫ֣ȥﱨ

ɣʲô

֣˵ĸϣӿѪůů֣Ҳʹ 
Ŀ

ҲһѪǰմ˫ֵѪȣǸ 
֣Լ˫Ҫ˵ģ

ǰˣǱɾһʵˣоıҪ

ֻҪˣһоͶˣ

ˣЩŬʲôΪʲôɱ 
ڲ֪ѳɣ

Цһţƶ˵ؿλãʺס˵



[]ټȻ޲ݣ187֮߱
Цһţƶ˵ؿλãʺס˵

Ĵ»ǰγΪĳɶõӴ 
ʵüͷ˫΢УЩ롣

¶Ļųµ֣ܿãⲻ𣿲ǰɣ

Ҫ̧ȥϵ˶ȴڰд䣬ҲãֻҪסģ 
Ѱҵﰮ



޲ٰ¶ˣúõػ¶ߣ벻ѵ˵ţ 
˴ǹЦŵ̫Զɣ

¶ദأᣬమף

˭Ҫԯνİ⣬ŰԵѾˣ 
ԼôģԴһЦЦһ 
Ƿҵģڽ壬˭ǷʵĴڣ

ƽ˵ţһĸ壬ֻһľǾҪ 
ԯеĽγ˴֮Ѫծ

ǣ˽ˣ

޵𣿿ɬţɱֹ߲һˣȷֻһ 
οԼմȾxingԲֹҶѡ

򵥵ĳʽĶͣҪ 
סǷҵĲǴǰԺİ

¶ﻹкǷأ

ǳ檵ѪԻٶ𣿹ȵһЦʼлһ 
ѪҺˣҪܹԱҪо˵ʱͬʱһѪҲ 
ǽⶾ˵ҩ

ޣһڳ°γذ׵ǿ̣ԯ˺ڰ֮Уʶ 
¶ˣΪ˾

ɶĨһϵʺ죬ҪٸҺ彦ϵʪץ

ŬƽϢҪԼҪذ״£ԼҪɱͲܿʹ࣬ 




־ǳٳٵĲܷ£ؿڵ·/ȥѪ飬ֻҪ 
䣬˽ˣ

ˣʺҪɱϣ֪ĸ۵С̫ྡְĺǱ 
ͷ飬ҪȻ

սֵȭذ󴦻˴Ŀӣٽ˿˵Ĵֻ 
ܻš

ѪҺ˳ԯе£֪Ѿ£Ը£ɫ 
»Ѫſŵĵ½ϣѪҺΪһ塣

ǹʢĻҫ۵ĺ죬һƬζѪƵó¾Ҫ

ԲںԼ˶ٵѪҲԲںжأҪţ 
ĶȥΪֹ

ԯУҲȣҾԻȵѪҺɣһ뿪 
ĿţֻҪžܸܵ磬οεƮľ 
Ӧþڵĳɣ

Ϊ檵Ѫĺܶ࣬Ǿɣڣֱֻһ˺ۣ 
֪̫õġ

Ҳôʱ䣬Ǹ̫һߺ֮ܿͻ 
ɣ

ԯе򦣬ǿеĽԼѪĿУٽͷ 
ȴӿһ̡

ʺʲôô߱С̫ڻʱ 
æܵµߣͼȴºˣĶħ 


ԣǵĻʺֻ˵ľ/ϣŻ 
ˣŻľٶ

˺ţСֻ̫ٵߣȴκȸܶѾ̱ڵ 
ĵµ龰Բ࣡

㿴ʲôһ۵ǻѪذףЦ߱㿴 
ʲô

ūţūţʲôҲû͵˵һĻ˵Լ˳ 
ɱ

ô˵Ϊֵĸʳ

Ǹúӣô˵أ˵ϵذףߵС̫ߣ˵ 
㿴˱ذ״˻ϵ࣬Ϊ˾ȻҲˣ

ɣūūţû˵ĻںУһĽкԭ̱ӣ 
һţҪɱԼ

ԣ˵ٻ֪̫Ұ׵СѪۣʧȥʶ֮ǰ 
½ϵѪĺЩ

߱ó˰ɣ



[]ټȻ޲ݣ188Цү
ԭƵҹգý̻Ի͵ĻʹһƬš

ڳʹĪսսȻĹ棬ǻʵĲм 
УЩϽūǶǲƷ

һɫѪˮ˶˳һҩˮɢζæµĹɫ 
ŵģÿ˵οֻ˵أ

һȺҽǰ̽Żʵ۵飬˿̵ҲͷΪˣ 


ֻЩĵˣ

ͣĲźҺһֹѪҩѾԯе˿ãҲĽ 
˿ڰֻܵȺĴˡ

һʥ±Уֻ»ǣˣ

ǣǶԴ˶޲ߣÿÿۺҡףӹ˽ڣ 
ѧϰ´Σ

ϸ磡һɿ˼λҽ½󣬺ɫӰѾǰʧѪɫ 
ԯУԯűʱζ쳣䣬˿ 
ʵ뷨

ָ̽ԯе䣬˼֮ԯԴ˶ѴԼ˶ϡ



Կ϶ǳµѪԯеڵĶxing򶨵ãȴû 
ڵĶ

ȡ룬סԯϵļxueλڵĶл 
дܣһǴСС˿ڣԯŭ

˭ֹѪģЩӹҽȻֶԴͨ˿ڵķʽϸ 
ĲʱֻϸҪΪȻӢŵĻʵˣ

ɺޣ

Ĺһأ޲ߵǣﻹʲôأ

ʹдӲֹжȴǵеĽɣ

һȺһû̫ʱЩˣѻֲҪġ

˶ˮԯ˿ϵҩȫϴɾַƵҩ 
˿ֹѪɫҲ䵭һ

ֻҪҪ˿ڶ񻯣аûް

ֻǣô

Щҵ˿ڣһ֪ǲ书ɵģϿӦǸŮˡ

ʹܽϸˣ޵Ļɩʵǲڶ 
ѡҲҪ˺֣Ҫ߸͢û뵽ǣˡ

ȻҪϸôأѵǣŮ˵˼Ѷ 
붮á

ȡһҩԯеĿУӦǺϢΪ¡ 
ģ꣬ٴεΪһΡ

⣬ǵķֿ£񳹵׵Ķ֮ĹҲ 
£

ȻҪֵİȫ

˭ֻʺɱϸģ̫æûѯκεʱ£Ҫ 
尸顣

үǽҹֵ̫࣬һԵػ

һԯУΪĹˣൽǸʵۣҹ 
ģ

үڵšϲֻҲӲүƲðɣʺǺ 
ջˮһعǣ޴Ѫ

Լǽֵˣ˭ֻ¶Ӳһٵġ

Ͱʮ壬춨ģԯ岢ûֱǵ̣Ϊ 
ԯеڴΣ״̬ɱ¾̷ҪҲû 


̷ܵ볣ģǰʮǽ죬ʮ 
ܲˣ˼ǲҽΣⲻǱ̣ʲôأ

һ亹β޹ҽǸǲѣЦүҪ 
ǵĻʵ۸ӵĺ壡ԯҵѪͳ̺ű֣Ҳǵ 
Ĵ·࣡

ǻţܼ֤Ȼһ̷ΪʺƵģ 
ܼ֤ȻһλԼ̵Ļʺɣ

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ȻĵȴĵµİѾĵ˴𰸣ֻҪε 
¸۵еΪ

ϸôصˣֻҪҲδ̫ʴˣ

ڹгǡǡ֪ôдΪʹдҪǻ 
룡



[]ټȻ޲ݣ189˱걾
һۻ겻ԯ΢ա

ǿȼйķϣһҲЩһȥ̵ģ

ɶĶȻݳմĽɫ޵˻źã

֪߱ͿһУʹߣŵһ󣬴 
ɫøӵĲҰס

ūūţĸ˵ĸ¶˵Ļ£Ծ 
š

˵һֲ˵ʵ·

˵ʵүҲŹɣ

һҧһܳΪȥĹʷҲ˵

ūſʺذ״˻ϵѣūҪȼݣȴʺ 
ˣپͲ֪ʲôˣһ˵꣬ҲǻʺҪ˵ġ

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ûõūţͺһԯһƿҩߣֶҽ˵һ 
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

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Ӧû˰ɣѪԯ壬ֻҲκβá

ôأĹ˲ˣɱĲǰǿң

ԯ壬ҪɩʧźãľֲһµģȴǱ䵱 
ޡ

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ǲˣҪ߸ĳ͢ʱȴٵݺƵ 
ƻֻǣı˳̶ܴﵽԼ

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ÿˣǶڴֿ־ɣȴȫȻûио

Ҳգν£ֻϣ˴εԾܻصԯеߣ 
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䣬ʱʧҲܱһ

ү˵ţɿûµգԯּ 


Ҫڽˣ

ʺأɣ޸оǶ˿̵򶨾ð 
ۼˡ

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Ů塢飬ϸǰʲôأ

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ŮעòӦĻӦɣ

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ֻҪû˳£ϸͿǶŮ鳤ԯУ

үȥxingֱӵȥǾԲĸxing

أ滨ڽиʵķԸɣ 
Ϊûпв˴ڡ

ʺﵱ֣ǲܣ׶ĵʹа 
һЦԯߵµǰͷ۵ĶԼ

һͷ˿Ůɱ걾һĽ

ϸģü촽yuΣӮȴʧζģ˿Ѱѹ 
ϸѰЩûxingȤ

Цһڳ¼ϵָ°ͣĲ۲۵մޣ 
ۡʺ֪ЩԱҩô

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ܶı걾Ķֲǿ͸ģĽЩ 
ԼҲҪΪ˵ı걾ˣ֪ǸøлǶ 
ı仯Цһ

õϲأʺƷеļƷĵĳţ 
Ϊ˽еƷǻֵġ

лˡЦݣΪϲҪķʽ

ЦݣʺҪֲǡ΢Ĵǣ⽫ 
һһҪ֣

µľԯЦš

׼һУĽʱ̣ŮͼҲȲһ˵ı걾 


֮ڣĴôܲĴЦأ

ԲЦЦˣոϻؼңϾˣ쿪ʼ¾Ͳˣ



[]ټȻ޲ݣ190
¶˯еԯкųµ֣üͷʼǾһ֪Լ 
Ϊ¶˵ĻȥǣͷǦ飬ôҲ 
ǺصƤ

Ϊʲôй¶ԼҲˣֻ

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˭Ķ˵ʲôĲȴǺϤᵽ¶

ͷʹ

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˯ɣ˯ˣһжѾǶ֣

ϸ磬ңҲֻô

ɱ˻˺Ůˣ㣬Խɽģ

ԯеͷóµѪƵҩιȣûʲôҩĸ 
죬ϸ绹Ҳٶأ

£ɷװɣ

ȥԯдߵѪգԯ˵ϸ׷߰ʱܼǵ 
һٶģ

ҩһߣиҪҪ

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ƿεĴţƵڵĳɫʤǰֻ 
ڵ롣

ֱ۱̶һԵķϣ󴦲һܣܵβһֻ裬 
滹кŨҩζѪݣҲܽѪҺζ

ǹŵЦˣҲûκεı仯Ʈ 


ΪǺС壬ȴǱɷҪˣڶΪ 
㲻ƽʱζԴνĳ˵ġ

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׵ıס˵ģģ

ʺɫǲأ˵ͿĨҩԲ 
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ҩ˵áִֻҽԺôѪҲȥɣɨ 
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ûҩ֧֣ͷпʼֿհףԯҲĲС

ұϵѪнţֻવԽԽľͷǰ 


ͻһЦĺܸлԯϡֻǣܺȷǷ 
ԯгΪ޻ʵ۵ģղڽӵѶķӦ 


ֻϣҪİգҪѣսҲԼ 
Ϊˣ

ȻûСЦţȥ˺ۼźۣǾƷ

ǣ˿̻ɩӣС岻Խᱻԯֱ/ 
̬֪ͣһƷǾúܲȴ

𽥵Ĳȣ๩Ѫ㣬ܵҪüͷ¾Цţ 
ԯһῴΪ걾ԼԼЦٶȵı

ղҲпܻῴЦݣԼҸаɣ

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Ŀ΢ͣ񵭵Ц뵽ղ磬پʹˡ

ˣԼҲ޾ףȥúõ 
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¶ֻղ¶ôһֻղ磬ɺã

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˳µ򦣬ȷ־ĹλЦʣõĸһ 
ûҸɣܱǸɩԲҸô򵥾ȥģ




[]ټȻ޲ݣ191˭
˳µ򦣬ȷ־ĹλЦʣõĸһ 
ûҸɣܱǸɩԲҸô򵥾ȥģ

ųµķ˿˵ĴȻ̫˲Ŷԣ

أЦ˵ţȻɴ࣬ܵʹཫԯ彫 
дգҲܱ˵ġաҲֹһ˲Ŷԣ

һµҩѾʼڻĸǻ΢ãо 
кöСȥ

̲סŤӣ̶˵ұҲѪ˳£Ѫ 
ܱܵײţɫ춺𽥵󣬿ͣ 


ҧûѪɫȴˮ۵Ĵ꣬ҪôܲԼǰ˵Ĳأ

ԯ䣬ôҩ𣿵ס˳ϵģǿ 
Լ£ֽܰ£κε覴öǼź

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ҩã

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ԡ

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ԣе̰Žů

żιϾģǣСβɦŮ 
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ţ±ԼˮףѾȵ˭ 
˼·ѣȴҲõ˺֮Ĵ𰸣

пܻΪһе׸֡ԯ飡



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𽥵³ţûһĳֶúۣǰķʽȴ 
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ȻһЦŵȭɿſ̴ڣɳˮĿڱǣε 
Ĳָо

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һϤ

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䡣

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ЦҡףԼţֻôˣԼᣬأ

˶ԺԼ˯һţԼǸ崿ĳ

ЦվʧѪֹƣ۵ͷЩγǰĺڰ𽥱ȡ 
֮󣬳²ŷԼѾ뽨ĻС

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ɣ˵ţĵ飬һЦܾ 
ЦݲʵΪ㱻Ұ޳Եˡ

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ժЩӣӰɣͿУˣҪΪ 
˰ȫϣߵʱ᳹׵ʧ

飬뿪ԺĺԭȥˣҪصģ 
ʵóġ

áٿԼõô᲻أ˵вãǾǼһδεǻ 
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ԼҲζĳţȻֻҰѣǵһκһò͡о 
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΢ЦŽҰУҪԯһûи 
ᡣ

ŴȻһУȴߡ

ʱ䣬ҲûָĲˣ֪ʹǱߵ뽨 
Ϣ

ԥţ²ûпڣһش⣬Ҳµĵײ 
ˡ

û⣬ڴ˴˲ɣ

ֻǣǷŲµĳޣҪ˽أ

ҰȴƮ޵ĵطȥģֻҪžͱ 
ȥǻҲҪǸǰοбûи㶨

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ģ

ʹң

ԯУ֮䲻ᵽ˽ģ춼ҰϢ

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ˤһܱйƷȴͰԯиԭѪˮ֮⡣

ɺޣ˭

صأһڣµ״ֻ·ѣ 
˻˭



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ϸϸ˼ţԯΣյǾֻˡ

Ŀ꣬˫ȭյ֨֨죬Ҷأк³ģ 
ף

˱ŭ飬ԯ廻һ޺ЦԹڵϵԸʺ 
ڼ࣬ڼ䱻йjianϸ°ߣ䲻౨ϣ

ҲãʡҪŪһʬʵϸ磬صߣ 
ı걾

ôãҵ̼Ķ棬콻ֵĻ 
أ

󲽵߳Σǻʵϸѹʱ





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ιԯзҩ裬ԯ徲ڴߣһ˫ڲӵﲻͣ˸š

ԯɻ˯æеǰѯʵϸ磬о

ɵۻǰϵ¶أҪֻ

ԥţÿüšһԯ̾š

ôˣǳ

ɩݳղ뿪ˡ̵˵һĴ֪ܷ 


ûб˵ǣҪҲһ̣

ԯ˵ĻĺݳղΪԲŻ뿪 
֤Ƿ˵ʱ䶼Ը˷ѣ

ǣһ

ü˼ôԺͱһֻҪţͲ 
ߣ

ĵŴأɶ

˿ڱӵ÷ۣǱ˼Ȼ᲻

޲ڱߣһҪǸФӵ 
ҲһʧŮˣ

ϸ磬㣬֪飬º˽Щ

ȻһͳµĺûᣬΪΪж϶ϸʧȥҸĻ 
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ף̧ʱصɫʵҪչ

ü˺ѪɺӵζԹһǿ 
ο

£ҲĹˣΪ¸һͳһ

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ֻԯеӣ

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ûѰ𣿻ΪѾȥˣ

ڶڣʯɹ̫ȴ˶һֱĳͷ

ģܹͣĻҲѡ

飬ĲҵΪβܷȥԼأ

ŻĽ飬½ֶҰӣ/ˣ 
ڡ

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ûʲôҪ˵𣿳½ӣڱţһžԼ 


սתû뵽ġ

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ˡ

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ˡ

ĮȻصڣĹ

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վ̨̻ϣճȭַڴţΪ΢ĶţѾ 
һ˿ڻûȬѾٵȥˡ

ŵͼȷʶ磬˼ȴԽصɵǴ 
Ի



ɳȥİѾţչĻʹǾڶûӰ١

˷򣬻鱨

ѵԯ壬ľӱչĴӾ 
ǲģӮ˴˴εսۣҪܴĴۣ

ս򵥵ķʽڵ͹ġ壬 
ݳղĶ֡

սһ£ûսԷҲûжĪҲне£

ȴбݳղϢѰ¶ȥˡ

ֻǣ¶أ

ǺһĻ

ؿһƣԯп˲ûԼ£Ҫôҵĵ

ֲﴵġԯеߣԯĻиǹػ֮ 


ֵ׽ˣǲܵģ𣿽ԯ磬 
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ֱ仯ˣϲŪԼĻԣ 
ף

һȪ˿ڵĺ壬ȥ̨ڲʿ 
ԯĽ濪ͳһȻԸֿɻǵá

ʾ䣬ʾÿÿ̸ֵܸ֮ʱỽһ֣ 
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ڵԯ壬ѾǸѰ󱣻ģˣһȻ 
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Ϯҹ֮ٶܼȥѹҪʱɵ̲ 
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ϡٵĽֵϣһƽӺһļûкȵŮ 
Ůϸɴ΢ʱķɴϣóһõ 


ߵ˵ҵҽݣǰȥߵţ֪ΪΣϵҽȫš

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ҪκεŮӵȻת˫ֻŸ⣿

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ɣ״⣬Ҳпܻŵģ 
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ãߡεӦŮӣҹǰܣҲҵΪĴ 


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Сǰת뿪ȴߵʱ·

Ѱȥˣһж溢ӵ˺ˣлҲ 
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ӯһ֪ӡ

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תŮˣ뿪ҲѾˣֻҪ 
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սȭ׼ʱһҲֻһ˶ѣӦʤġ

һöԷлųȵźţл

Ůӵֻ࣬Ҫܱ֤İȫĶҪ

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ţȻߵ⼸·Ѿˡ

ǰŮΪ˱裬Ķ棬ߴϢƽ

֮УҲȷΪĻʵƺûпյĿ

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ѪĹأ

뱣סӣֻ£ϧҡס

ȻûоǷôϣпܻʧ 
Ҳžˣ

ܺĵҽָҷſеĽᣬе֮Ž 
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ûϴﱾ㲻֪ܻ϶ãӣĸ 
Ĳ֮

һȴҲܿǣŮڵ״κһⷢ 
ѪĻܻܿxing!

ǹﲻڸ·ĻϷգϷ㿪ӣٱЩ 
ҩ˵ţվӣȥұīȻԼдµķӿʼץҩ 
߶˵ֻʣҺ̫ˣᳳϢģ 
ˣҲչʲôһоλˡ

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ѡˣ

书ҲլκεԴӽԺԺ 
ǳصĲﲻͨĵط

λϲͨˣҩ̿ʼ㲻Ѱˣ

ʣŮӷҵ˼ֿʼƵؿڷƣҲʼҡΡ

£ֻղ侲ŵӴһ赹Ůڻѯ 
зɹϢ֮󣬱㼱뿪˴µһδе̾Ϣ



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ػڳµߣӴ粽롣

˵Ҳ֣ȻʱĻ赹ȴûйյ֢״ɫҲñȻ赹ǰ 
ÿʱ򶼻һǱ֮ǰҪоġ

Ϊǻعⷵգ

֪»еһ̣ĳ׵ˣҲ֪Ǿġ

ദʱ䣬ԲŷȥĽŲ

̫˽ˣһ߽Σգ

Լִţȥδ·ٻ߱ 
ܵ˺

ٴε̽µĶͷ֪ᷢգɼɫǲܷġ

˯̫

ֻҪϢãͲµġ֮ûеõӦ߻˽ 
һڵ档԰ɣҪչ˺ӡ

۵ǻð˵ûθڣУҲκ 
ʳΪȷġϡʲô

ģûκε⡣ӵĹǣеĺһȻ 
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̫أɳ»ڻУܽκε/ûʲô 
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վڸ¥ĴڣڼϣٲȻҪϢ״̬ȴϢһ 
ǣŵѰ˶

ǰ¹ȥˣȴûκһϢĻƾʧ

ϴһ

ݳղߵҪεĶɹ¶£

Цôֹ뷨һԼĳ 


ȥΪʵ۵ȴϻعİı߷һߵ 
ڰɣ

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ʧȥ˱ԯ壬һҲʧȥ

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Խܣ

⡣

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ҡ

²μϡһӰԯеֻаǿԲͨ 
ˡ

Ϣˣͷԯп·ˣһδεʧбʧ䣬 
еļҲֻ֮ѹš

ڶʮͤһһŮŮӵЬŵɫ÷ߵ 
ʺƣֻһֱɴְȲðϡûҪժŮӵ 
ɴȷϣǻʺֻð֮ﲻܱġ

ңҽеĻʺǷܾðδ֪

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Ӧѵ¶黹ڣ

²ֻƽһصӣĲ 
ǵڶԭҪдŮӣҪЩ 


ǲҪģҪǺ÷ˣްա

ҽУһԯѹ˲ֻ࣬£ȷ 
źá

󣬰ԯ߽ڵҽݣԸŮ 
ǵĻʺźãûü28ŸһţЦЦǾˣ˵



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վڴ£Ŀ͸ֽǺгŮ

ڴͷŮӣɫǲֻӸӵӮƽò 
󣬻֪ʵݣȴ

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ĳֵ˼һ̻ǻĺ⣬˶Եİʾ⣬ֻ 
ߵ֮ҽ롣

Цݽڴߣڵ˽һ㶣ȴҲ֪һֱΪ˭ˡ

ƿߣȻҽͰ߽ӣҲˡ

Ĭһлǻָԭ㣬ֻͳµʱȴ˾㡣

˲ΰ֮ҽǰΪŸóºе 


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״ûоĻԣǻѡȥһĻ 
ģ

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㣬ҧһºĴ꣬ԥ˵ıң

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Щ

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лʵԯͣԼĵϱദĵΪ 


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ǰʹԶִֻûκοԳʱĽʹ 


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¶ػҲ˵ľ顣ԯ̧ף 
ԯйһĨаЦķڳֵļϣЦ¶Ͼǻʺ󣬴 
ߣֻһ취ֻ

ģԯЦ󣬴ԯϵҲ΢΢š

л϶䣡л

ڳΨһķʽҪȴΪ˵ϣܾûҲ 
δΪŮ˵ɷ򣬻ǳΪס

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ֻǳһƬأЦкŰѰѵУȻòܵĽܣ 
ΪӣȻصУȥ·Ͱɣ޿Է 


ͳľţⳤٵ˼ҪԼݣˣҲһ 
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£ҪǷҵģÿһεĳߣҵݶǺĿģ 
ȴϾӣܾ˳֮ô

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ǣӦԯ׵ȷʺԹ˵ʾˡ

˭ҪֻػߣΪȥֶ򣬶̫ 
ߵΨһʽ



[]ټȻ޲ݣ199ȥҽͰķֻʣ³ 
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Եԣ£Ϊ˴˵ġطꡱҲΪǸʵڵĺӣ

һȦӣǻصߣΪսĳǼϣͻ 
еʹǲ뿪վҪ

Լõ¿ĺܿڴãҲǿ 


ֻǣٴεʧȥӣҪγأ

ʹĻҲ޷Լɣ

ȥˣһľ̬Ͳվǰһ 
δεڵţ֪ԶҲమһ

Ϊ˺Ҫʹ⣬ҲҲҪߵɡ

ĳʵȴ۵ĳڼϣɫһ 
ޣȴҪǰȥȷϣȥ

һų

ɬͷԯеĲ˲á

˼ֻ͸ȥȴҲܱˣ

˺ô࣬һȥģ֪ԯеڳʹ 
ʧȥǵĮвоǺҲŨҡ

ĳ¾ߵƣʱʧ¼ĸо

檣˻ϵĹǡȴ˳Ĭվ뽫Ȼ 
ǵһ㣬Ѫ֮Ǵڣ¶Ҫ𣿲ȷţһ 
Ҫǣлᰮ

ɲóѡҽ˵

ֻҪ¶룬һᱣסʶ˳Ļԯгŵš

ֻ춨һתתǰȴǷֲȴҲܼ򵥵మ 


ӣֻҪ¶ӣҲܽȡ˵ţ˫ 
ںǳµ壬û˺ӣͬҲһʧģ

ٶȵĳĬˮƽСؼΨһҪ⺢ӻŵ 
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Цǣ˵ҵŮӲãǳ£

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ֽȾī֭֮ôҪĽأЦ 
Ц

ӣܷҪŵĸĸص檵أţСԼ 
ĵĲУԯеĳڵĸġˣټƽЩ 
û塣

ҡףĵҪѹȥֻߵķʽҪת

ҪİҲɢȥҪΪеʧȥʹҪ¿ĻϣҪ

̧ף¹˺Ƶ΢ЦҪˣһºӵĴ 
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ϲ

ޣԥĲڳǲջص¿ٵšȻ룡

µߣǺȷȵĴָСﻹû 
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޶ᱣǣ¶һ˺鶨˵ţ۽һɬ 
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ãԲȥ׷ֵˣҪ˺¶ˣǲܷŹε߱ 
߳¶ѣȴûҪxing˭ԼҲ֪ 
ֻ֣ûҵ¶ʱԷǣ

ЩˣԵ˴Ӳ

ӵڻУԯһɫпǰĳǺޱ飡



[]ټȻ޲ݣ200Թۻ


űĳʵǰһ̵̫Ľ飬²Ϊ 
ĺܺãȴô뵽ȻѳΪˣô˵Ĳأ

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Ӧ˵ԯǵţ֪ʵݣֻҲ 
Цֵɱɣ

վһ࣬ǽ飬ֻҲĽˣ

ΪǰƾţǸ˵ô˵Զأ

нŷȭȨ˾µĶû˵Ļľ 




и̵ķʽԴ

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ԼݱأǳµѣǳµĶˣǳµĺø磡

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ɬĵЦһ㹻ˣֵΪκε¡

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˺ǱˣȴǶڳһ࣡

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ˣ

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ղߵʱ֪вԵĵط

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ô

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ɱԼ׵ܵܣΨһΪ¶𣿻

ȴų½ĻԯеᵽɤӣǺܿ 
ǺΨһĹǣܻʧȥˣ

֪Ҫ𣿳Цʲôƴ۲α 


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ճǺͳйؾ͸

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Ǻһμˡ

ս˱ǣ±ԯڣٸϢϷԸ 


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ֻҪҵڳſϣ֮ǰҵʿпһ˫ַϣ 
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Ϊϱ

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మ

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ʶЦЦȻų³µ֣˾Υĳƺ߳ 


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˵ɫȹϵʩۣ֬б壬Ҫ΢Σ߳ŮӶԳ 
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ϾʮˣҪõȷ˴˵Ĺϵ

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;ŷƵˣ˿̾վһš



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ѣôǷҲָоأ

źǣûлȥΪκű߲һλĸڵ 


˵֣ҲκȻΪȷǶǸ 
Լɷɷ򶯹˼˼ӲаֵԼϣвҲ 
£ôᰮǸأҰҵɷ

𣿾ȻĮķʣɱľˣȴԼţ״ 
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أ

ھȻ˼ӱһԼûĸףҲϰ 
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Լã

ѡϣʲôҪ֪ȻһӵľȻ





[]ټȻ޲ݣ205ʹʱ
ѡϣʲôҪ֪ȻһӵľȻ

˺һЦҪһ

ؿϵӲ͸ɣҲã߸ĸιǻ 
ǰԼ˶Լ֮ˣ

˵˭ȻʵȷĿŵڵϵŮӣ˵УȻ 
ǳ

Ӧüǵ̥ͬϣҩˮְɣ䣬ɫԲ̥ 
ϺȻŸ֣ҲĸȡġôҲ벻 
ȻΪչľҲǳȣ

ᱻĸ֣Ϊһ󣬻˵ЦЦҪеĺɻô 
Ƶˣԭ˫̥Ƶòˡ

ֱºЦЦ˽ãҲֱڶʱǷǷݾĶ飬ȴֶڳ 
ֱȥ˺ǣ

ǺܿЦΪҪΪǰԵأ

һ㲻ŮȴǱΪ˵ĽŮȣһֱŵŮ 
ﲻڤڤеҪˣҪǱ˴֣ȴ 
ûڣһжˣ

˻֮УȻЦĸã飬ôҲ벻˵˻ܸ 
һ˵йĻɣ

벻ǣ˾ֹһ

£ǷģȻڴˣ

ټŮиҵţݳղڳ 
ǰͬʱӳ˳Ӱ۹ϣĲ 


һֱҪҪ֮ضĳ¾Ķˣĸײ 
һİǾȻĳ֣ǰذ׳嵽ԼŰɣ

ǺǵЦţЦ٣Ц鲻ϵѪԵЦԼͿһ

ȻĽ㣡

ס˾ȻϵļxueݳղСĵĽϣι·˽ҩ 
ҪЩѡ

Ըˣʲôв֮׺ݵʵ

ҪɱǽζɹôΪѾأˣ 
ľǳµϱţžȻɫȾѪ 
죬ɢĻҪٻ뿪ôΪ

꣬˼Ȼ˹ôҲһɣԵ 
Ľְɣ

ûʧصĴԭ°˿̱

ôû

ղŲǵʲôˣȻԼǾһɣ

jianˣӵ˳£ŵͷϵķΣһjianǶ 
»ĽġȪ·ϣǼĳԹɣ

ɵ۾ºЦŷƺӡʼղ

ҲǺΪβзеĳɼЩҪ 
أһҲɵġ

΢ЦŵȴǱ˵ʹոյһҲ֪ȻΪ˰ 
ҪˣǽǷµծͬԼһҲ˽˰ 


ԯУˣǶĺҲɢȥ

γǸõĽأ

ۣһײǽϣڳӴ֮ǰһѾݳղƷ 
ˣڵѪнյķȴûҪɿ˼ĺúޣһ 
ɱֻһ㡣

˺¶ͷǸŭ˵ţݳղٶȴ 
ȥ

˰ɣղŵһƣܳܵģĸŮӦûлҪ˵ɣ 
ˣͳ޻

˹Σߵδɵĳǰìܵɫ 
ȻһЦ

ȥɣȻǡǸѾյãȻҲĵ 
ʲôѪԵĹϵǸϵġ

ףŴɫ׵ľȻҪ˵ЩʲôȴֻǺ˸С

ǻʱ䣬׵Ĵѵֻ뿪ˡ

ллߵſڵĳס˲ȴصĶԳ˵ţ̶첽뿪˿ 
޷Լ飬µл

ΪĶҲΪ飡



[]ټȻ޲ݣ206ã
ּΪ˷񣬻ʱǳͷΣҲ߹ 
ݰɣ

¹ȥˣȻ˿ѾϣֻӸˣһΪʹδ 
裬һ̵ж

ɱԯе˳ϣȫ˳xingǳΨһΪ 
ģҲΪȻ

۱˴йʲô˺ܴԽٶȳΪãԵʵڲ˷ѵġ

һ˻չݳղٶĲᣬҲֻίгº;Ȼ໥չˣ 
ȴԼݣοһ޾

ĳ˼ڣоȻͳ˻Ҳгµ֮顣

ڣǻб˴չţյ˵ĴҲȥѰǸ 
ɣ

뵽ǲȻɫоȻΪĸжЦš

ʱ̣Ƕܷſػˡ

߹صսݸһ䣬ԯҲսعڴΪ칦 
µȴûһ˿ͬϲ

ˣҲ֮ĽҪ˶ϡ

Ѿ̥ĺӣ˯ʱ伸ѵʱҪ࣬ӵĺ 
塣ô𣿰˺ӵĸҲȨɣ 
к𣬼ʹӲó;ȻΪʲô 
ᣬҲǻ᲻кŨصǸ⡣

Ŭ棬ĸǸ¸ҵĺӣ



ţԼĲǺĸף

Ȼźһ𣬿ǸҪȥĵط

һȻһЦ׵İϢ֮أ߹Ϥ·̼ 
ӣһεˣΪҲΪޣֻǴкҪ 
֪ˣ

˹ӣĹζ˱ǶĹ֪ǷѾԭ 


壬ȴ飬ڴһҲûдԹȥɣ

ǴЦߵģҪҪúõĻţȴû

źӵλ̵ֿ΢ЩĺɫᣬѪ 
Ժӵİ

λڻУʹӵš

ˣˣأֵܼҪѰ֪˵ǵһ磬 
Ҫֵܲǡûиĸδоĸӱ 
֮ĺûԵأ

ԯ֣ıעǡӡҲа

λÿһƺǱӵֻǱ¶

Բײһߵģײȵ̫õģŵš

ֻǣһմȾѪȵˣվںӵߣ˵

ᣬ磬ѾǺˣôǱߣػźӵ 
Ȩ

ĬĬĽλŻأ⹫ڣжڣǺܹµɣ

ңС˵ţǵԭ£û취úõĻţû취һ 
ţڳ˵ߣΪŮ



ԲʧĿţ»ĵڵϣ˫ۻϥͷ 
ĶԲ

ȥ˵ţҲԸеĺ˵ţ̫Ǹ⣬ൽ 


ִŵǶԣǴ

ҪɱȻһ̣ڳ˵ллһ̣ںڵ 
һ̣ãȻˣʲô

飿ݣȨƣ飿

أ˺ޣֶεȥ⣬ʲô

ٴģⲻǵҪĽģôȥĺǣ

׸ô˭ңţտȴеĻشšɩ 
أ

ȻɭԳµϷһĨߴӰţγε 
ѹ

㣡̧ϤգսķɳϴǸٲµԯ忴 
͵ԯкƣаȵĻȣɫġ





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ס⣬Цֲֻ̫û䣬ëվ 
ָоÿμʱҲУǰ֮ˣȴǻģ

ûݣǻʺ󣬲Ҫ񣬺οϻɩӡ

Ǹڴףʲôר

õҩﻹɹƽжţķɫǰYouˣ 
Ҫҧһڣӣκε˼һˣ 
뷨й֮޲

㲢ûгɹԶԣһֱڵһΪĻ˵Ļأ

ǿɲáֱ¸ıһ/̬ 
Сӣ

ǸǴЦкȥˣ

Ĵĥɽӣıʣ

ԯҵˣȻأĺҲǣЦԼ죬Ī 
˵ŴͺĽĺӲĻͶˡ

еŮ˹Ȼζ͵˵ţԯ״˳µĸ 
ϺõĴ΢΢ЦһΣḁ̊́˰ɣ

лĹģӺܺãڴӵ𣿱ܵĻס˸¸һ 
ţ˴أ˫ĿƵĶԯ塣

ʲô

ѾģôyuȻϣܷŹԼͺӣ 
ƽ֮ǰ

ʲôԼͻ뷨ԭ뺢ܻϵģ

ͱĸһҪΪԼĺӱȨ͵ĸǶ 


ң϶ԺҲǺأԯУôҲ 
飬ˣҴס

֮ԲţΪԯеֻгһˣԯ 
Ŷʮֵֵԯ壬ΪֱܽĸоŻº 


ܺãŮ˺ܶμŭ

ϥϵ߬ճȭԯ͸ɱҪ룡

ɱңΪԼѵ˸ϵ·ˣ֪ԼӲ 
ģֻԼûдУٲýҲ뿪ġ

ɩΪ˸αЦţȻֻҪɱˣв 
ˣ

ɱǳһˣᣡŵǻϵӣпǽһ 
֮ôаȻķţֻʱ䣬Ϊں 
ЩҲ͵ԯһݲ⺢ӵĴڡ

Цһԯ年˳µ򦣬ţ϶ѻһƬ 
Ρ꣬Ϊҵһ仰ֱ޷˵ĺӡڣ 
˽ӵĴڣɩΪϸʲô

㣬˵ʲôĺӣΪһ仰˵ʲô

˵ĺֻ̥нסܴ־ôˡĴָų¹ 
գⴥбȹɻҪۣҪô÷أ

⻰ʲô˼Ҫ㿪ԯֻ̫ܷ 


ʵϵֶպûĵƣǸҲûȥֻڳ˯ 
ˣֻҪǡôĽֶһӻҲˡ 
ϧ˵ţԯаһЦųּ˼ֵĸ 
ƫƫǳҵŮӣҲֻ˵ӵԵˡ

ĺ

Ǹ

Ϊԯһ仰ǻĺӴˣֻһ仰

뵵Һۿˮ£ǸԵĺӾ 
ⶾֻܼ֮ԼҲģ

һʹµ߱ģˮߣʹƵ 
ɼһӲȥģ

ӣ㣡Ǹ

ʶԶ룬ʹҲ𽥵Զȥֻǵȵˮ۽ǻ䣬ԯ 
ֱϣʪʪģƤ

һˣЦЦӸտ֣



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ʶԶ룬ʹҲ𽥵Զȥֻǵȵˮ۽ǻ䣬ԯ 
ֱϣʪʪģƤ

ˣ

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̧ΪȥΣµʶɢԯҡļ򣬵ʵ 
£ĸµ̥ʲôӣ

ü¿Цһδ𻰣Ҳļƻ֮ڵģҪԯпǵĺ 
ĸµʱأҪ׷ʹ࣬ʹԼ

ٻĺѾˣ֫ڶ۵ĺѿǵĲһ㣬͸ȴ졣 
Ǹ̥ȻԺӺ޸ȥ֪ǸѪ 
̥ġȻĺǻģжʢɣ

˳ųµļ£ţζĿʹ飬Ҫ־͹㲻ռݻֵ 
ģ

ڳµĸֻҪһǸӾͻʧϷè 
þǷ롣

ǵİһ£ÿһεĶµYinĵĿ

治ԯҵĺᣬԼֶҲϷŹֻǣΪϻδ 
һɱӵأҪӵͷȻxingĻԶ᲻ 
˼

һЦԯڳµĸӦ˵ϸʺϣֻ 
ʹؽҧӹҪƿģȴһҲûСɩ 


ЦаͲȥȻ

ڵ֪Ϣʱ͸ðǵȵ죡Ů˻ţֻûֱò 
ԯУֻԵõֵĳ谮

ΪȻΪ˻֣ҲΪԼºͺӶܻȥ

ŲѵģºαغأֻǲĺĻᶼûж 
ӣνֺαأΨһġ

ãȫ˻ɩǣջƣԯ峯»ȥ

ס֣Ƴɷ磬ԯΪȳ£ʮɵĹԯ壬һֻ 
ҪȻԼŮ˺ͺӣȫûйƵһȥĺ

ϸ磡ŵԯУԯŵѪգĳ־һ 
֣ΪŮˣɱң

˵ţϸԶҪģϸԼȴ

ֵ̫֮꣬ĴʲôղҪɱ 
ϸҲġ

Ĺͷ˸עһֱϸ粻ֵĻŹĸ 
Ҳ˵Ȼǲһ֣

ԯеʹ࣬ԯЦΣ֮վǵֲİ 
͹ǣ飬

Ҫޣ˵ţԯнڵϵĳ±̫ 
˾ţǣģ£뿪



¶ԯĺţĺֱò˳ɫȴһޣÿ 
״˯þã¼ĸо

ˡסؿڵxueԯվɫģϻһЩû 
ѪɫȴȻȻϸѾѡû˵

εʱ¶ЩʲôסԯĽŲȷԼǷ 
˺¶޷ߣɶ޷

ĬƬ̣ԯ׳һҩ趪ԯУʵҺֻһ 
ţҩִ˭

µ߬ţԯȴĲһ仰һ

ϸҪǾֵܵݣ޷ˣ֪ͳµ 
ϸж

ڱ

ᱻвԯеҩ裬ڵܵöıӲɣ 
ǿĶԳ־аյģڵֻҲܰٶ 
ˣԼֻڵ̣

Ϊޣ뿴𣿽ҩ飬ҪεľܣͲڹؼ 
ʱȳ£ܣͲڵ֪˺µ֮ȴ´ɱ 


ˣܼκһˣ

ҧʹľԯеˮгûУأ

ЦЦȥ˵ˣ쿪ʼᾡӸģһ֣ǣ



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ҧʹľԯеˮгûУأ

ּף۵ĵܵܣԯѾ˾ϡƽ 
йָΪأΪϮ棬̶̣

ܱ֤ǷȫxingΪ¶ֻô

ųߵΣգԼĵܵܣֻǣǶֵܵĸĶ̣ 
ȴʲô˺ģԼɩӺֶӶܷŹ

ԯЦּлԯеıţ֪ö˵Щʲôá

Ҫһ֮Ҳѵټû취޷ 
⡣

߰ɣ˾ͶһУոѾɱ⣡

̶ܼܲԳܵԳƣѾֵܵȥˡ 
ؿڵ֣ϵʹԶģ˿̵ѾԵĲʹˡʧ 
ȥ˻֣ʧȥһУǷͻǱ߶ˡ

Ϯ棬õģǸ壡

ܻδɵ£ΪֻΪס˺¶⡣

ЦһԯҲԯУ֮Ѿˡ

Ϊܾĸӵģ񣬾ֻҡͻɱԼ

ȻǱǸʲôأ

㣬ԥŲ֪òˣ¶ȷҽ޲ 
ֲұҵĵġ

ΪԼжٵʱԿǣüţԥɫУı 
ݵţѪ졣

ȻֻǸŮ˲ǻҪģ鵱˰֮ 
ϧԶҲᶮá

ţǻĳ߶ȣûεսֻԼɱҲ˵ 
ֻԸ

ܻȺֵʥּ֮ǰûеõϢǳܻ 
ΥȻתԼȥ˻ֵΣôţ

ʹʹ

ûԯеԯÿһߵĺҲܳء

һĻڣ

ʻĳǰȥ׳һΰɣ߳ԯ̧ 
ͷ죬ɫʵĶƶˣǲһǰ㣿

֪ϣǷҲͬһ£ԺҲᡣ



ԯѾʧӰԯĻڰκУҪ¶Է 
һҪɱĸӵˣҪεţ

תһϢȴ΢˶׸ôĸӾ

Ǹһ֮ԵӣҪôѰõֻľ¶ 
ԯ

ָϳµСȴΪʱܽ 
ʧȥʵʧȥ

ܽܣ

ѾʧȥһΣҪúõĻţֵŮˣ

ԣȥѰ񣬰Լȥ

Ϊ¶̤£ҲѰǸҽֻҪܾȻ¶

ɣʱԯѾ⣬xue 
ԯ˵ԳʲôѺԯ֡

ϡԼǸ̫࣬ɫװǺεȸ߹ 
γΣգҲ˺ޡΪȻʺ 
ǲš

ǳΪԺһ⣬ԯȴ޷ش޲ٹеӣ 
ʹչ¶ⲻʥּС

ҪڳºͺӶΣʱ

ҵĻᣬ޲¶ʱΣգڹеİ 
֧䣬˺¶Ҳɴַ䡣̧ԯֱۣʧȥԯ 
֮ԼԴȷǹˡǲڵңܳΪ 
ֵܰɣ

һĻԯһ۴Ƥߵֳתݡ

һѰģΪ¶һᣡ

ããҹɫУӰɫ֮£ǵĿֻһ



[]ټȻ޲ݣ210Ѿ
˸оʣõʪճ죬ˮǽϻзҡ 
ҷ֦춼˾ࡣ

ƿĴӣʱϸҲһĨ

Ǳ߳˯ʼպۣվڴڵľȻȴǲ԰׵ۡ

ڼϣŰɫȹòɣᱻΪŮ 
Ҳϰһ֡ҲΪɫϵ;ı

ֻǣһŮӣΪûЦأ͵˫õôǵй 
ӣͻʺΪأ

ǣʳΪµһ˽Ļ⣬Ҹ˵˲ͬİ汾ֻ 
ֻеҲȥ͡

ȵĴԽܽ͵𣿺οǼҳ

롣һԵȺ򣬶ΨһߵĹŮ 
ѾΪ£ӻ

黹ûл𣿲ĳһڣ߻µǵġ

鹫ػĹŮæڿڣǺ֣ǹȴôƺ 
ʺҲǣܲԳūţǡ鹫ӦþͿˣ 
СﻹǿЩȥɣ

ȱľǹˣǻûʺʧǡ

ףˣڣ˭˺µأǰѾ嶼Ѻ 
ˡ

Ѿſɡ£Ȼ뿪ʱ£

ĪĲȴ֪Ϊ

ſڴȻӰתʧҹɫУɡµİɫӰҲſ 
ƽ뾲ȻµĲ԰ףԹɫ

ʺ밲빬ڳ˯˼Ϊƣ

⣬ΪΪѣȻͷû˵˽룬ɻʺ״ÿ 
֪ģÿֵҲСЩй϶ӣ޿ 
ʴӡ

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ɶļ˻еӤǸֻʮ죬Ͱ͵ĳ 
ķһ˷纮ֻ»ʺȹǵġ

ͣĻֻ֪ʺѪȴСرĺ 
ⳤҲǰɣ

ÿһ·ΪɡŮ룬ֽŹغãƲ˳ȥ 
Ҳ

ϲÿյĳźͰԡ֮ʱй˴ 
ھȻŮסԺһֱڲ˼Ҳˡ

ŵڶ̤ζӳ£һεãѾ 
·ߣֻû뵽Ϊ¡

ڣӵݸԵĹŮ˵ӸΪǡ

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ĻᣬֻǶӷǳĲݡ

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Ǹܵĸ׵ŭ⣬۵һޣ֮ӶתͷǹŮȡ 
ˣ

ҪӶٵĻһֵڣһ۶ᣬ졣

첽ңڵķ䣬ͼģ˯ĳ£ƾʲô 
ǸЩŮȴֻ

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ԽԽԽ쳣õɫԽԼ˶ĿʹŴ 
ϴɷûһƳפ㣬ӵҲ

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󲽵򴲱ߣҡųµӣɱҲҪʹ

ѹ˯ô˭ǵģʵûһģ 
˶΢΢͹𣬿޲ɷ˰ĽŮĽ 
Ǽʡ

žһƴڳµϣҪ˵ҲҪһĳ 
Ҫϲ˴ˡ

ˣûźĵô˵ܰʲô



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ˣûźĵô˵ܰʲô

ԣã

ƽһ˿аȣȻһЦȡ˷ϵĽĳµ 
ϻȥһʺѪǾ˲ƵĺۼѪԳµ 
ѣϣУѸٵȾš

ü𣬻ʹ˳µʶ΢ֱĸյʹ 
ʹһεʹг׵оֱյĻȣ 
ͷǵӰ



ɬ˵ƽ԰׵ϤģֻǷ޺޵ȡ 
Ľᡣ

߲ƣɵҲֲ壬û

ǵĻʺڲˮЦ˵ţ˴齱ߣһ 
ֻߵĲɷ򣬶ɷޣһۼղ 
վӵŮˣѻʺķʽܼֺαشµȥʲôҽ 
أ

ԼŮӵеĶʼ

أԼвͿţҲΪһ¶

Ҳϣԯ嶼ɱ

ȻʱĻԣΨһϲѶǲɱҪ֪ 
ĵի̫󶼾ˣֻĹϵϱ 
δʽļ棬Ҳڴ

ɷ򶼲ϵأǷ̣

ˣʺ￴ҺͻϵŮġ¶Цݣų»᲻ 
ԯкͱŮ˺ӣôԼõĺӶݡѳ 

Һţһĸеɫҫĳɷ֡

һҪŪ˼治֪ܷӦô 
ֻ΢ҲֻǱûɣ

ųĹŮͲϻ춣ǰ 


Ȼ˲òࡣ

ûʺ￴ķԸǸľɵѾͷǺܲϵ 
ϵĵһأʺ￴϶Щǳ檶Щ

ԣµЦǣ˵˿ĸвʣǿѹȥʹ

ڵǰļ֣

ôشأЩְɣǺ

ܿɰ޶˵Ů޵ģϣǸŮӰɣеŮˣ 
ԶϣԼӣ̫ӣǽӡ

ȴˣܳΪϵֻһļֵʱȻӻߣֺγ 
λıϡ

ολĹУмܱȫԼŮʡȥġ

ʺ￴檵ĺˣǳҲҪʺĺӲǹƽɣɭ˵ 
ţ˹Ůָųϵˣ۵ָ˿صĦ 
ţ˿ڳſ

ͺһˮĶ䣬ͷȴֻһĴ³Դ 


ڸյ⣬Գ¸ԼΣ֮ǰȲҪ

Ƥһ˰̶ѣһģѪӣЦջǺѪָ 
ڿţࡣ

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Ĺֳ첻ĺӣѹȸС

Ŷϲף̧ˮӵӣԯŲ˲ų£С΢졣

ôױ㣬ɺãһó¶ݣǻĸжʮ» 
̥ܣȴʱ䳤ӣҪôֲأ

ԯŵĵͷ£ߣĽɽУϧӵš

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ǸˮԯŵķϣͷƤȴů

ŶСֻĸ׵ģϸҲϻеζ͸ 
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ŶҪߡܵµĽӲԯŷſ˫ۣ± 
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ֻҪڣﶼǾ룬

⣬һȵĴҲ΢ĵ̾һؼң 
Ӳǡҡɣ

Ӧû£ÿ˵ķ⣬ЦЦдҪΪ˽δ 




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ʱԼܣ뱻̽ŻǱһ棬 
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ӱôãˡ˵Ƕ˵飬Ҳ˵Ƕӵİ

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ٲ׵.

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ŵӰȴͬı飬ԯкݳղ˿̵鲻þ 
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ԶȥССӰ˸ͷ۵ľǲô֪ 
Լ뷨ģΪǶΪԼˣ

һµĸ֣ЦЦһﲹǺǣ



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쳾Цѡַʲôأڤ˼ȴҲ 


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ʲôһŪһҪȶԷ磡

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ôҪﱧ㣬ߣ̬ܵܵȿǰ˳ĸϣ˭ 
ĵ̫ܵأǸĴҲ֪ʱ



۸Сܡί죬ÿ׶ʱġ

λøˡεתµһߣײģ 
ĺӻҪȻԼǱġ

ߵСܺ˭ĸЩԯеĿڻ˵ 
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ʱǵ˼ͳһߣ⺢һԼһŴ/ɫֻ 


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䣬ҪΪĺ;˾˵ĲֻعҪԼķʽȥ 
Ѿʧȥ˸ҸĻᣬֻڹϣֻҹʱЩů 


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һαͬγŮֻọ̀ҲŴ

ڳǻĹͷԼѡ񣬻ڹĻ 
Щĳٴεȼϣ

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飬֪ܲ

ֻǣ֣һпµķʽŮ˲ 
Ҹɣ

Ӵıɹ˺ʧ䣬ף 
ߣ˭ĶӣʲôݶҪˣֻҪһжá

ԼΪֵݣҸһ֧

û̫ӡĸЦųɳֻиĸ 
Ҫˡ

Ϊ˹ؽɽΪ˻ܸȵϣϧ˺һֱ۰ĸթƯ 
ڽ֮С

ڶں֮飡

µĳƺһŤתˣǸΪƽĳջʺ󣬵ϸΪ 
ȴһУɽֵ֮ʱ类߸ˡ

вϸˣֻһ

ȴộһ֮Ѻֻۣһ仰 
ʱֹ˼ϸķӦǸұˡ

ĳıΪϸżһ£֪ϢΪ˵ 
ϸҲֻ֪Ĺһжˡ

ϸｫλòϵĺţ鵱ôΰţ

ԣ֪ͳԻֳֵʱֻԹۡûֵʱ 
ֶΣ

εʱǵһ֪еˣǽԾ 
λֵĽڽѪҺҪɱ걾ø֪վǿԽԼ 
еġ

иǣһδߣαȣȴǱ 
̵Ǹ

һûжȥxing֪ǻֶ飬ȥ 
ɵȥֿһƣϵȴҪȥ˷ֵֻֻ 
üµϸûз֡

ϸβɣѡ˷ʱҲϸľʧˡ

ֻʱΪϸЩʲô

ȥҽԼˣɱȴɼԼ£Ǵļ 
׾ٵĽѡ˵ȴٻ

ϸһΪģһμǵԼֻҲ 
ߣļֵˡ

һûζϸԳµְΪԸǻϸ 
еĵλԸһסϸǻЦͽӲĹػ

һֻԸϸĵܵܣӣ



[]δˣ226ҵĽ
ǻս³ƽ͢ȴսϣΪչ 
дϢʱ䣬ðһ

ǱȻñ˵ݻţĲϵĸҲΪš

һ£սǹ֮Ϊ˳赣ҵ˥

ֻаޣȴеҪεĳϮСӵɷݣڸϣ 
ֻһƽˣ޷ֳһŮˣΪֻܷݣ 
ΪɱŮ̾š

Ůĳ£Ϊϲãȴüǵ֪δˡ

ǵģԤ˵츳Լ֪ǣԵֻ 


ӣԲأԭүӦеΣҲΪĸ 
еһλš

һ˼縺صϢظκεƫأֻһ 
ܽ߾һ֮Ϳ̿

һĴ󣬱ǽ̻ԯʲôѪԵ˲

ġӡڵ֪ԸΪԯеİʱû 
εķȻΥ֮أ

ܿŮйƵḶ́Ϊ˸޷ģҲΪ˷ʧְ

Ӳ۰ĺӷ룬εģʱˣˡ

¶ҸĲңξʱѡ 
Ҹ

Ϊ˸ĸԺӵİֹһ

ƶĳԯߣ뽫չǰҲΪ 
պĺ޼Ϊ˽ԭǰԵķֿΪǵ 
ء

һͬĽᣬǸµĽףԸ⺢ӽһЩ 


ˣĲñ͸ѡ⣬ǵѡ

ԶֻЦЦӰӣĸ۰ѡ 
ǽʸǰǵĺ÷İҲֻǽ׽ˣ

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˵Թò춨ֻЦЦԵһĨӰ

ҲеİлͿơһĽӴϲ 
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ҲǸ壬ֽоȻЦЦã

Ϊʲô˶ֻǵЦЦãǾȻ

˵һ˼ı⺢Ӿ˿Ƶĺӣ 
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˵ֻҪ߾ͺãӣԲ֣Ҳƻǵĸ 
飡ŵĻɿȴˮгĬˣþ˻ĽЦ 
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ǱˣоǸӰҪǵʧ

ֻŶǸ⣬ǻˣֻܿѪеЦЦ÷һ΢Ц

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ûжȥxingȴļ䣬ΪչԼĺҲˣ 
ΪֻݵһŮˡ

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˺Ҳ˳µĿӵĸףƵ˰ɣһվ˽ 
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ɳУĲҡ˽ǣΪ˰ã˺ 
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ѳµü򵥵ʽдң᳤鲢һҪһ 






[]Я֡һ飬227֮ǰ
λףһдºղģΪ˷ҿ־ͲˣЦЦҲ͵һ 


бڹ뷿ϣŮһ˫ˮͫ޾İ˼΢ɢ 
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ܲԭӦеϲ˶ԸǵТҲϷ˵ 
ԸһаԭĻڣС

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͵ˣҪʲô̬ȥǼļأ

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ˡ

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ˡ

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Է

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ѧȥģŶ

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ղ磬ͳŵֻһӣǵĻ 
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ĬĬţϣܹҸϣҸǸŮ˻ɩӡ

һĳΪãǸǢøĸʵãڰ·ϣ 
ԽԽȷҸ·ƾڲԶ˸

Ǻǣһ࣬ĵĽҪĻڣ



[]Я֡һ飬228˫ϲ
ԺڱƼɥ֮ϲ£ԯܳСǰķ 
ҺǶĳ谮ҲǶ˵ףҲԻϵء

ֵĻҲлްһǣ˻ϲ˳

ڵĹҾƣԡáףȴ̲סʹš

߹ҵӰⳡϯʼڲϵıףмţȻ 
ǧԯҲǽŲҡΣ˫롣

£˭ڹأ

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ͬڳ֮㾡Ĳ̤ҹкöĻҪ˵Ҳֻ 
һλɣ

Ϊ˵ԼԶİѰĵףֻĸ磡

΢ĵƹ⻹ţʾ˻δޣϲ徲¶Ӳ˵ 
ӰʱҲˡ

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˵ʾ䣬ȴǴŲϲˣԴͶ׶ 
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ɿ¶ϣܾĶԶ˵仰

ӣԯеǲŹѡδСҲǶ 
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Цţԯ¶Ȳˮܽȥľζ

죬е㲻һ˵ϲ𣿿ı鿴ȥûаϲ 


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Ҫһغһڣ绹Ҳˣ¶Ҫ 
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ʱյԯҪɻ˼ҵļҳ̸

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ױԵȵŵʱһȫһŵסڶŵԺ 
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ʮºԲκεϲѶһ㲵¸ҹҹ» 
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[]Я֡һ飬229Ҹ
ڷԣһҸСŮ˵Ц⣬ǺҸŮ˰ɣ

˿ɷģָȻҲӣԼϵζ 
ȫУѾʮˣıҲҪĸ 
һ

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ղ磬㹻ˡ˽ػҸǸԼ 


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ǵĺӾҪˣڴ棬ղЩ

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磬һ¶Ĳ磬Ͱؼȥûţ

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һʱʱ䣬ɫѾĺҲ𽥵С

ˣˣֻܲŴһżİ죬ӤҲԼ 
Ĵڡ



ͷϵĺ飬һʱǱȼ컹ҪǶʱںȥͬʱ¶ 
Ҳ֮ȥ

صȴֹԼ

һ̥ŵһУ˵°Ͷ䵽˵ϣ˫ô

СӣͲ֪ʲôǽһݳղ죬ԯȭͷ 
£ֻһСѾͷˣλСү



һȻĴСѾͷ±ߵһ仰ôҲƽȵһ

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ƽͺãԯȭͷ漴뵽ԣ¶ãϲ˲ 
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ȥչ˴̣ʲô׸һ

ǣתݣĻ㲻ǶԴ***һذأ

ݳղҪ¶ػԯסݳղ죬Ļû˵ 
һӤ޽Ļסˡ

˰ɣ

λǧ𣡲ǲǺĸλСүһǧسǼҵ 
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ڿԷˣλ곤ķ˿ɷ֧Ųסˣλ 
ƵƵúݳɼҵϸ˾͸˵ˣһ˷ܱ˹ȥѾ 
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ˣӵŮܿ࣬ȴǼԼĹǣֻǸֵȴ 
زˣǶ˵

һ˺ƺƵĽݣʲôضһȥɣھ뿴¶ȻҲ 
ӣеǧ

ֿɱݳղһֱӳ󻹲֪챻߹ġвȹ˺ 
˭ġ

͸ޣŴĸò͸xingŮʲô֪أ

һǻִ֣֮ϣԵ



[]δԵս飬230ЦЦת
Ǳһΰ飬һڽ֣ЦЦĳŵллǵ֧֣

ɫ

ҩζ

εવ

ʹİڶϲϵ

ǸԭһİĹȣһЩİˣû 
Ե׼

˯һɣ

ȥһеʱѹ

һȵˮӻ䣬ټղ磬¶ˣ뱣أ

ҽغڴߣЩ㲵ݵ˴ĺţ˴ͷǸɫť 
á

߼ػڣ˱ڶҽԱһǣѪ˿˫۴ϲ 
ţ˶ߵŮѾ棬Ц۵ס

ڿ

ЦЦΣգһУȥǸû 
Уȥĸ

ʱһţǶΪˣⳤһ֮õĻ˯ҽ 
ϣΨǻŬš

ΪֲˣȻߣ



ڣŮ̧ʱŮгìܡϣ˿ 
ܶ˯һᣬ˯Ϳ

ʲôЦЦѾˣ˼ģ

ǼָҽʳָڲŮǰ΢š

һƵŮӵĴϼݳڻ˯̫õ˵ 
Ѿ㹻

ʲô֣ҽʣڳڻ˯ĲˣǱͨ򵥵ʻͳʶ 
ȷǷ֢״ⲻǻܴġ

΢գŮӵüͷһ£˵ʲôأµѾˣ 
ЦЦ

Ĭ룬Ůҡס

һļ䲻Ǿ͵ԼʲôǵðɣЩЦЦҪˣ 
Ҳİġ

ǵôҽڱϼ¼ţ׳һ⡣

ŮظţԭǸġٴҡףҪʵģ 
ֻķʽش



ҡס

ﻹʲôˣ

ҡס

ˮԽҽԱתһվŮһֱĶ˵ 
Щȴܰ˯ĻźŨǸ⣬ܳϮɣ

λҽʦͨʻ󣬵ó˳ĽۣǾǡʧ䣡





[]δԵս飬231еì
λҽʦͨʻ󣬵ó˳ĽۣǾǡʧ䣡

ʧ䣿֪ԼݡЦЦЦˣЦЩΡ

Ӧ˵ûмΪǡɣйĸ飬Ǹ֪һ 
ûǡ

˫ִŸ˵վŮӣͳһĳ 
ԼĸŮ˵֮仹нõԵأ

Գδ˵񣬾һŮ˵ĽǶȣã

Ŀ˵ϣҲ죬

ü֮·Ҳ

ЦЦǵӵÿȽϣȴһ˲ҡٴεʧ 
䡣

ҽΪԺˣζЦЦһܲϲɣȻЦŽ 
ƻݸЦЦǵҽԺп־֢ģεʧǼ¡

ǳЦŽƻУҧһСǳԹڹʳ 
Ҳɺܶʳ

Ժ

֮Ҫȥأ˵ĸĸѾڣ뿪Ҳνļңȥ 
Ȼδ򣬿ɱϾûг׵ŮԼ֮ûνĸ 
ڣҪôһأ

˦ȥеʣΨһʶˣҪ 
ɣ

磬豸ճӣ˵İģҪ滹治أ

ڣĿǵķ룬ܾԼһ˵磡

֮ǰסۺ˭һ᲻ȻԼȥ 


㣬Ҫ˵סһģҪһˣȻȴȥ 
±㲻ϲ̫ĵط˵ڿտûмҵĸо

ǣǸļңҪ͸ĸһ涼Ҫߺܶ·ǰЦЦҪļ 
ʲôأ

ڳҸԼĹԢ䲻ȴԼõġס 
šԭ˽ɣϣǿ̫Ϊ˶ģΪ˺ 


֣ٻĸСЦЦʱƺֻԼǵӵĴڡ 
ûϵȵӵġ

һ죬Զɣ

ֻһҪôԼأûдȻС 
ԼδʲôĹϵ

ˣȻĻʵԯУĻ˵ǵľ 
ֹһн

΢ţôղҲʱ

ƽʱСʱ㲻ϲԼĿռ䱻ռȥر𿴻չ㣬 
òϰߣҲǱߵӶ˹Ȼţ˿̵ЦЦҪչ˵ģ 
ͿƶѵѡϾǶԼҵǵҲ 
ġ

ң𿪺ͿԵߣԸ˶һԵҲǴ 
ġ¡ǴԽҪرȥסӦкܶļ 


ɬڴߣҪ˵Զйصļ䣬پܵȥ

ˣĺìܡһҪ磬һ˲ȴҪӿ

ЦЦȻЩԾ뵽Ѿʧ䣬ųӦõġһ֪ܼͨҵġ

ллʮȣǿ΢ЦɫǺܺõš

𣿿ţЦЦ£Ӳһʹ

ʧҲ˵ų𣿻˵Ǹ˺ʹʧ䣿ǲǴ 
ģ

ķһ̣ӦǾģȴһֱΪԼ 
˳飡

ЦЦ˯ߵ״̬ʾ⾲Ȼȥ˵ڹŵһлЦ 
Цľܾʹ

ʹǸ

Űغϵ˯˶˫ü΢š

Լδ޾ĸ飿Ϊ򴽲ӻ΢΢Ĵʹ 
ţûκεĽӴңԶȵԯжҲİˣ

ѵﻹвļ䣬Ƕĸо

ͷЩʹÿÿ뵽Ƶһ˵ЩʲôǸ 
ų˵ĴڣڽԶ



[]δԵս飬232Ե
ҽԺĿڣٽشĿŮγһķ羰ߣ 
ƣĿαϣŶȣȴŵŮӲܲĿ

Ů΢˫ۣԿ޹ĺۼȴһζҼ

еĿĽţҪϡͣҪɣֻл 
֪οڡ

ƷûʲôζļܿȣŮӵü΢壬ദһĻᶼԸ⡣ 
ѡлҪɣ֪Ҫ˵ģһġ

ʧ䣬Ǽ¡嵭³仰ƽ׷ϣĿ͸ 
ŶҽԺȻֻܿǴѣȻ棬㹻

صߣҪǳδĻû˵ţеĿ 
ͻȻ˺ܶ࣬ԭġ

ȻֻһҲжΣ˵ֻǾĽ֮ûа 
ҵĶ㣬ܱǸǸ˵ţߵŮӵϣ֪Լ 
̵˵ˣǴεǾȻİţǱ˴˶

ֻǣǴΣĴǸ

ҲҪĵǸҡףҪİԶġȷһ 
ɣȵЦЦӦڵľ

֣Ϊ˺Ҳܣ

ſȱֹؽڷŰףǸܻŮˣԼеɬ 
޷̧Ƶı顣

ҲʱὫһг

İҲЦЦİԵɣ

Ϊְ**ӰӣЦЦûнżĻȥСסܼҺ 
ӶҲš

䲻ǵǰʱеıĺܺõװԼֿԿеǰ 
ԼĨŮ˵˼ɣ

ϣȲۻûȫĺãܱ׼Ժжȴ޷㣬 
Ҳصԭ֮һ

Ӷվ֮࣬ʵ࣬ϲųֻҪչ˵ĺ 
ҲͲҪˡ

С㣡ܼҵۿ΢ţСڿϰˣȻ֮󣬵үͷȥ 
˺Ҳ˰ɣĹܼҡ

ԴȰ˵ţ֪ʧȥ˼䣬򵥵ҽܣƵĹ

׼үĺܲϲܾС˺С֮Ҳ· 
ŲѰĹϵ

ԺˡĪĺøУС

С㣡ݣԼݣܣҲԡ 
ط䡣

ллĿҲٶ˵ʲôһС 


ЦЦ󣬿ƽӹȻеļЩء

ֶ֮һ谭ֻҲ᲻ףη첹İأ

ùͣʱָ˾ŵλãߵҲ߸ߵĹɳ 
Ŵδ磬ճơ

ŹܼϵĹ֭ЦЦĵ̾ţҲ˵ദ

һʱ䣬ΪķֱеᣬܵЦЦϢ廹û 
ԭ

ʱ䲻ˣ㡣ЦЦ¶Լ΢ЦֳĬҲȷ 
ƽʱǲҲദ

һԣΪԼϰЦЦȴĻš

á򵥵һ֣ЦЦתͷԾȻ°ɣ鷳ȥһ 
ˡ

ҽԺʱǶĹ˼򵥵ԭŮǿԼ 
ģЩĽԼĶʮˡ

áҪؼңöһЩദЦЦҪܾܾܲ㡣 
Ļ˵Ƶġ

ͷûжԣЦЦ

вԣûл˵Ŀ˳ӣ̶ھȻʧҪתʱ 
ҡ

ơлҪԼ˵

ǵ£ϣ㲻ҪЦЦ˵飬Ϊ˵Լȥ 
ģһŮȥΡ

ңЦЦʹԶȥ

֪ˡҪ˵ľ

ųԶȥķֱ紵ӣȻת

˵𣿵ͷЩ΢͹СͷһƬãȻɬվֻЦЦ 
һԼΪǲ֪

ɣ

ҹĺ

£



[]δԵս飬233˵ڵ
ںγڣʱģߴŵĸ¥ 
ЩxingеŮӣԼй촩ŵ˶ЦЦĿⲻӦӡ

Ǹ磬ǱҲܺá

һ·϶˵ȻĬĬĿЦЦ¶ľ죬 
̫ԣ˵

ֻʧ𣿸оʶЦЦһˣǾ 
ûеڶˡ

е뷨ȻЦҡףԼ̫ࡣ

ͣ£һǰͣ£ЦЦİɫ÷ۣһ˫ź۽С 
ϣŵġߡھȻࡣ֮֮ڻ²֮· 
⣬˵ĴţЦЦ֪ԼѧӦ

ȵļѾܶˣʵڲҪϳ

·ӵȺھĿ⣬ЦЦѾϰߣһע 
ġ

ʱҲǸ

¥ԭܲð칫ҵĵطó˹ңʽ 
ڷŻչʾҲеĳ˯һǣȻ˲⡣

һԵķһڹţȻ˲ڣԱǲġ

áϴкȴĹţǵദģʽ˭ϰǸ 
Ļ˵أ

ǵɣȻָЦЦԼС칫

ˡЦŷ˾ȻĽ飬ЦЦ͵˵Ĺ˭ 
ĸˡ

Լܻйµİɣ

΢ͼŮӻ˹˵£

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еĸ

ʶǣȷŮӽ˵ˡ

ҵµĵص֮ǰʻճңԺҾͽѡַ 
¿ҵǵͨĽɫǾͻ 
Ժ⹤ҵˡ

ʲôŮӵOͣ˵һĻ

ɢҲû˵꣬ЦЦʾ뿪жʱ 
ֲһ棬ŸҰɣôˣµ 
Ҫʽ𣬿ҡ

ÿҲ֪һƬĬʲô״Ŀһǣ 
޷ȥĹµǣȻְѹ˾¸Ҫѧ 
ȥиǵĺ

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ſڴ΢ɵġܲð칫ҡЦЦĵһЦ

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ȥ·ϣɵЦЦĿʼշڳ⣬ȻĿʼͶ 
ϣмӹƵĵ绰ڰֻк

ص˱ЦЦصԼķ䣬Ȼڻ԰

ù緹ɿڣЦЦе־Щδ֮ǰ 
ȥѧϰξӪһҹ˾ǲһһϦ¡

ߵ֮󣬾ȻӰЦЦǰԵþִ١

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üðȴɢδŵҺ壬ЦЦҹά

òÿĶٻ᳢ԣǳڵǧСۻϰߡ

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ϲ㣡¡СߵѾͷвǳɹ׵ģ״һ֪

㣬ʧ𣿽븹УһƬĿȣֻš

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ĵȴžȻĻشֻǰԼԹߣԿԺƽ 
ι¡

ǡ׳ϣһж˵˳⺢εĵ뿡Ʊ 
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ΪĶԼǷϲ

ȴˣǲϵĸ¡һˣ

Ҫȷ𣿶ЦЦʻȻԵĳţ϶Ĵǵģ 
Ұ

ֺαظԸеϣֻΪõأ

һԼһΪҸ仰ҲԼȷ 
ԯеĻ֮һֱ⡣

ֻһᣡ

ȻǸŮװǲǿġ

٣Ŭȡˡ

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ж˵أôҵĹ¡

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Խҳ¡־ЦЦӣԼ澭˵Ȼ 
֮Լղŵ侲ϵı鵹Ǿࡣ

ѹ˸Слһ˿ϲãкŵỨӦΪЦ 
Цɣ

˵괩Խ֮ЦЦȴ

ǸδȻˣҲ豳飬Լ¾Ҫ 
𣬶ҪĶȻǾȻĺӶЩ

ԣ㣬˵һĻȻеĿȱĵ̺ϣ᲻ 
ŵ㲻ЦЦ

⣬̫˼ˣ

ϾΪϵ˸еʹڵ˼άһƬհףȫϽࡣ

ǣҸǾȥɣ°һſڵķһν 
µ˵ľôǶԵİɣ

ΪĵĪ

ǳµ꣬ЦЦ壿

ͷʣЦЦƣ۵Ļӣ;ȻĺңǸ֪ 
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ãôȥҿƺ˵һУǵȣȴн

ȻתǵԼô߳ôƵߣֻǵ 
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ҪӺοʼ˵أ

Ļǹ£һΪˣп֢

µĺЦЦûʧԼǺǣ



[]δԵս飬234ܽܵ
ûԤֱ֪ͨƵİ칫ңЦЦر֤ͨÿ 
˶ЦЦҲǱģ˵ʱ

湤ʱĿġ

Ϣ΢ҵվſڣ뿡̧ͷĿԣҪοأ

ЦЦǵº˵ЩԺĵһӦҪ֪ƣ֪ 


е˽ģ֪ΪʵˣҪ˵ҪЦЦѾ 
Ǹˡ

ɣֻЦЦǰͺҪôأ

˼Ҫοڣҧź촽ʮָ֯ŤȴȻ

Ȼģ˺ϵĵָһ»͵ɳ 
֮У˵ʱģֻҪЦЦ¾ͺá

ЦЦйеĸֱһļ˲еĺۼ

ЦЦ

Ҫ˵󲽵ߵƵǰԼʱ˵ɣ

ã˵ϲվţ⡣еĸֱʺļ˫Ժ 
գȻĻᷢǼӿġ

ЦЦЦЦ̫еЩѶĲ֪˵ˡ 
ۣԻȥϢĴĻ

ЦЦ׿ڶ˵ģֽг£ǸүŮΪͶ̥ 
ʹ߽ЦЦŪʵʱֽǵ껥Գǳ 
µЦЦûж˵ֻ̫࣬ǽ齲ĳס

һΪִˣҪ˵UFOĿЦ

˸Ƶ΢һĨŷζЦžȻΪ 
ţ

Ǳ˶˵ЩֱӴ绰뾫Ժ˵ᵱ 
Ƕʼ

ü˶ԲЦЦԺĸйѾ˰ٷ֮ʮ 
ۿۡ

ŮˣֻῼǵԼǰŮеһ

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ЦЦϵװ磬ȫûмеͷĴԽ 
ҪĺѡУ˹ңһûеĹ 
ˣҪΪĹŴķı

Ҫһݹѣ𣿿ЦЦ֮ǰԹŴĶܸȤҪ 
˵㲻֪ɣԲԸʵЦЦ׿ڶ˵ҲΪ 
ҪĽڶѡ

ЦһǶԼЩ

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Ӧܵͷ

ƣǲңǲԸЦЦĻʵЦʹģ֪ЦЦ 
ݺеǷϲЦš

עԼĻڱЦЦԺԼ˭ǵ֮㲻 
̫𣿿𽥵Ľ;Ȼ˿ 
ᡣҺ֮䣬һʼĶλѣʲôʽĴ 
Ҫ˵

һαݺζƷĹʹ۾ǲʧȥŮˣ

û뵽һֱЦЦΪΨһˣΪʱ֮Σ˵ 
Լĳ죬ǶŮ˵ֶΣ޵˽xingô 
ΪɵĲҲΪĺӣЦЦΪĹ 


ʧ֮Ӧø¹ưɣôѡص

Ƶ˵˵һû˵ʼ 
ģ֮ҲǶţ˵ʲô

Ѿг𣿻Ӳھ

еЦģڲʶԼݣ̫˰ɣ

ҺЦЦ˵ǵĹϵΪԲ˵û˵ЦЦʹ 
ЩΪĲЦЦܿ׵İ飬ȴѡ 
֪顣ģǱԼİɱˡģ̧ˮ˸ӣȻ 
ֱֱŭеĿơ

ֻǸЦЦ࣬ŭԽٻЦЦ뿪ȫİ 
ֱӵɣ



[]δԵս飬235ı
ֻǸЦЦ࣬ŭԽٻЦЦ뿪ȫİ 
ֱӵɣ

ſ뿪ƤתΣԼߣߴͦӰԼסȻ 
һţֱһصİսֲڵأ 
ĸоűƵһʵֻЦЦ

΢ЦᣬʹԶʤϵʹסȴֹס橶 
ˮ

ĸ˰ɣ

Ǳһ˿ĳסƲԼĽŲ

ЦЦ˵ҺͺΡЦЦĻ̽ķӦȻȻĳס

ŵڵϵľȻܶԼֻѵĸ飬ԶǺ 
İȴΪ֪ˡɿ߬յȭͷ֪Լ 
öִһŮˣԼҲдĳɷֵģĲЦЦٶˡ

ȡ֧ƱдһΪСһ¿ȶ˾Ȼǰ 
κ¶ȵ˵Ǯ㹻ͺ°֧ѡ񲻱 
ʱҵϵ

飿Ӷں

һĴֱʣȻͻأЦġ

ǺܴأǱŮˣ۾ȥġ⡱ɣ 
ȻǰľȻҲӵӴŲľȻӦö˵ллллҵ 
֪֮ΪҺͺӵĽǣллĲǰûнұأ

ţֻҪָ˾õģ

ΪЦЦ˽⻹Ҫ࣬ټĹ˾޵гռе˵ 
׵һλڵĸɵӸλ

˵ĿƣȷĸŮӿԶ˵ġ

ЦЦͬӲҪ磬ʱ俴ʱӽ 
ʱ׷ʱҪͷ顣ô 
꣬ǶôִŵİȴԼǸλá

Ǻɵ

ԼһͣҲԼİִ飬˲ӵ飬 
ԼʹѡҲŶЦЦǸ⣬Ǹ޷˵Ǹ

ȥЦЦ֧ƱھȻУſڵʱþȻ 
õ˵;ȻС뿪

ûжĽŴŵĹغϣҲƵӰͽŲһ

ͷе֧ƱЩֽſĶЦţ˵Լ飬Ҳ 
˵Լ޳գ

ǿԱ۵ģҲһû¶ȵֽЩֶѡ

ţٶȵı򿪡Ȼ̧ۣϲɫĻƣĻˣ 
ΪС㣬Щмġ

ҲԣϵÿƺЦЦ޲˵֮ϣж˼xing 
ڿһ֮Ȼ˺

֮䣬춼ΪǾɣ

ܲСȥ˵ǳȥɣȻʧЦ

еվΪҪ˼ǵ߶ѣĲֵ 
˵ͬ飬֮ɫǻѿ

һˣд

ĴˣǾڰҲȥˣ

֧Ʊ߬ɷֽڵϣҪǮ˼̤ͺϵ 
Ǯ

ԽС࣬Լ뿪İ칫Ҷѡ

ʧ߳˿ƵĹ˾ȵ̫ʹģͿƵһͷΡ

֪ôߵͣģ֮ȴٳٵ޷ӿȥ 


󣬿ȴ˲õλãѾջصҪȥѰµĿʼ 


źЦЦһ߹ͯ꣬ĽĽûгӽְͣǹ 
˾ܲãĸСȴΪ˼ͥҵǣסںõ 
ߵĴ԰ʦءѧ

ְֱȥҽԺֻЦЦĿǰɫĵشΪ 
ͬʹΪǵĸֻǣЦЦٰЦˣҲ 
ȳɳ̫Ųʹǵ˱ľأǳͷ 
ЦЦǵҲһֱıڡ

ѹЦЦʧȥԭĸxingҲǵľ 
Զͨõļ٣԰ѶԷΪҪļˣ

ǣİºܵɧţݵıʲԼòϵƫ 
ķ⡣

ԼֻŮԱЦЦı˿¢Ų 
˵ǼЦЦòԲŲκεxingӴ

̫ԺҲԸȥǳ壬ȴҲ˵ 
ıⲢǡ

ֱǸпƵкͬһ磬֪ԼЦЦ 
ֶʼɶȫĵıʱֻĸоصĽΪ򿪣 
߽ЦЦ磬ΪҪԼΨһ˽

ǵģΪƵĳΪϲǲһġ

ǵ̸ۻΧЦЦԽԽʱ΢΢ĻˣϵĸԼ 
ֻǴɵ˶ЦЦİ⣬ϣõףʱɵɵĵͷ 
ˡ

ΪԸܵĵЦЦǲһģȻĻǺ٣ɶԿȵ 
Уų⡣кΧƣЦЦڵһʱæ 
˸ߡ

ղĵףΪԼĿһӣҸҲҸ 


ЦЦĮÿˣǲʺϵġ˽ºͿƽӴʱˣ 
İҲ޷ƵķģΪ˺ЦЦԶһ𣬾ȻЦЦıҵ 
飡ĺᣬһԼǼЦЦ΢Ц 
ʱµóԼЦжôǿ

ҸΪҪʹʯòʣ

߽ĻᣬæڹҵЦЦʱ㿡ƣǰ 
Ǹˣһ˴δ·ʱһֱڰңǸ 
кܶ⣬֪

һЦЦΪܾ˿Ƶ룬ʧ֮ڣԼȾƣ· 
ڣԼЦЦΪŮˣǵҹļ/飬ǵ 
İպ׷ڡ

ûκεǸ뿪鲻ȥЦЦ 
һİǸˣŮǻԼĵһŲͬ⡣ 
οԼŵأ

ڽ׼ʱ򣬺ȴڶľ𣿼 
Լƣøɾܾ棬ֻЦЦ彫Լȥǵ 
֪ӵĴں˵ĵһ仰ǡôˡ

ǵĺֻһ

ԣҪҪһε´棬㲻ٴǵһø 
ı֡

һΣľһûκεķӦɬٴεĳΪŮˣЦ 
ЦĵҲⰲŵģҪΪԼҸȡ

ЦЦִҪһô˳



ƮƮһ䡰Ϊʲô˵ʾ߉lŭȴ 
ЦЦת뿪

ģĴЦЦתʱͺԼľ˳ 
һȥţȪ䶼ЦЦһ˹µ

ˣʧȥ˼䣬ƵϣҲľԵ֪ЦЦѾ 
һͻĸоһӦùĺܺðɣǷҲ 
׷ԼҪҸأȻЦЦЦЦ

ˣһЦЦЦЦ

ȻĲţĴףȥǲԼİ飬ȡ 


ˮߣ̵ƵıʶҲֻ֮Ҫӿ 
ӵأӷٵĿţлطŵǿƵЦЦǵᡣ

ˣĳֱЦЦе⣡

⣬ǣĿʼĽɣСʹ˫ȼҲ˴Ŀĺ 
ҲȰ˵뿪

ںӾĿԼһۣյָۻڣ⾹Լļ

ʻڸٹ·ϣԼĽΪ˵ĺƽ١ˮڶȹϣ 
Ѫˮһţʹǰĵ·һ۵ĹͻȻĳ 
Уֱתڰ׵ɣҲоȻĴ

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[]δԵս飬236δ˵ľ


Ϩ˳ӣڷ̵ֻûɿӦôЦЦ˵أо 
Ȼ˵ЦЦԭЦЦ

üͷĿȻűЦЦң˵Ϣ

ܼ뵽˴¥ݵĿƳǷȥܼȴȿ˵ 
С㲻˴ţˣֱȥ

˵ܼ꣬˳Լѡ

ڵȴ֪˵ʲô֪εȥ

ɣصĽŲѾ¥˵վأ

һ飬ҪеѶȣÿĽ飬ΪԼѰ 
ΪӣʦŶԡ

ɣھȻλϷһµĿȣϲһأ

Ȼȥҹɣʾ䣬ƵĻ⡣Ҫ˵ 
ǸĻ޷ܡӦתҵݰɣ

ЦЦ˼ǣһ

ºܲ˼飬ġҺʶЦЦŪ˵ 
ֻ꣬Ǹλ򵥵˵ԼĿģйǣ 
İЦЦԶ롣

µ겢֪һ磬ǱߵЦЦղѾǼ򵥵 
ʶѡ

Բһ޷ţȷе˵Ըš

ЦЦôһˣϵÿһϣζ 
Ψ˵ڱ˵лͬȴóǲͬġ

ȻԼŮˣ˺ӣ͸ûصԼλȥ٣͵ 
ǵףŹ֭£ЦЦֵȻҵԭǸ 
ģɱϾλ㰮ϵЦЦǧŮӣȻ 
ߵŮˣǵĺӡ

ͷҵķʽ𣿿ƷϰߵĶȱϣЦЦ 
ȻǵңųҵĽӽڵ֪Ȼҹͬı֮ 
ķʽģǸĻᶼû

ģЦЦǧǰ˭˺ 
ɻʹţԭԼ

ԵʹȻɣЦЦҡףŪǰݣ֮ǰδ 
Եֻǽ

ʲô˼ߵĿЦʹЩ˵Ļ֪п 
ܲЦЦʱ򣬻ǻΪʹš

ǰ𣿼ƵüܽţЦЦʣѭ

˵ʲôǰЦЦ˵ĻĲЦЦ

һ˼ʧȥǰļ䣬ճĿӦòкܴĸı䣬Ǳʶ 
˼ά

ǸźమˣǲһΪ 
ԥЦЦֵΪҽΪĻʺһֽԯС

ԯУ仰ÿƵͷһǲϳֹ֣ȡ

ҵǳ¡ǵԵģҵĸǵйĹү֮ 
аڡҽЦЦӦóµݳΪǰ 
ʺһԵӦкýɣȻҲ֪ǻᷢʲô 
㶼˺ΪңҪκһأ

ǰȻɾͽĹ֮Ľд˵ġ

̹ȻĶϿƵЩϢҪܾðɣˣͬǰһǸ 
ⶼдˡ

ʵȻһҲǴڵģִĹϵӦҲŮ˰ɣ 
ҪһҲźˡѾղϣ¸ǧѰ 


ҵʱ䣬ҪŽƳ磬𣿿ƿеţЦЦߣ 
׹ڴǰֿ˵ǳ»ЦЦҲǲеԯ 
СǰΣ޷֪ǣ֣ǲľ

һٵֻ˿δĻ뿪ֻ߽ڼӦ 
֮תЦЦ˵Ȼˡ

ųʹЦЦеĹ֭ڱεţһˮ˱˲ 
һûнԵɣ



[]δԵս飬238ټղ
΢춯ЦЦĳе۳õΣȻϣһֻ 
ҽʯûɫԲ԰ףǽ㡣

ٹ·һǱ·ϣƺͼԼ̾˵žȻһ£ 
ĳǿ͸ıҵԽڵһʱ֪ͨǻûа 
ơ

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ĲֹСһˣֻ¿үһû˷룡

̾ţû뵽ȻСĽ֣Ǹϲĺӣô 
·أ

û´СĳֱӵĹϵɣǸµĵص㣬޷ 


һű˾֤ӳƵķȥ縫һ㣬뿡 
ͣһͺаȫкܳxing

뿡֣ҽܵãTе̾Ӷӳղ



ɡĴ£һ˫Ŀӣòı 
Ӱղ̫ˣ

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δԵһεĲ

áûжĻǺղ֮󣬿ƴЦЦԣ 
̼ˣΪʲôû°ɣ

ʰڵϵɡƶЦЦߣȴô 


·ϡæԼЦЦϣôģ 
һȾ˷纮⣡

ЦЦСԳղ̾Ҳ˹֪ŮӵʱΪ 
ͽսһûĸܣŮҲղ

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أ

һ̣ϲҲãȻġ

ǣɻл᣿ĸĿѾ˵û 
˵¼棬Ҫ˵Щʲôأ

ЦЦЦЦᣬȡֽΪᣬƺҪֹֻ 
һֱĲȥϢ̾

ʶ̾𣿿Ӧǲϵõģ֪ЦЦĴڡ

ǣ֪Ĺȥ

ղ磿̲סѿʵĺȷϣһͷˮıϣ 
ЦЦʧЦˡ

ǣֻǲżģȴǴԽôлʶأ

Բ૵ĵǸţЦЦ£ˮʪ½ȴΪ

ЦЦСϴ˰ɣղѵõһЦĿȴЦЦˮʹˣ 
ǰӵúõϧţɵվ˵ĸ 
Ļ

ʱţ˼еľͷ˶ķȻǰֳ 
ǶǲһǹԱҲţοӳ 


ਿţֱЦЦļ磬ŽԼ˼ء

ǲԼղ磬չ¶ģУĺ 
Ѱ

ԲʧˡŵһЦյỨҲûȥⲻӰ 
ҪϧȻģʧԭҪ˵Ȼʬ岻𣿵ûʬ壬 
Ҳŵġ

ŽҵЦЦȴŴ𰸡

Ƿյ״̬ûκμʻ߱ƶĺۼԵѪǻߢ 
ȥ⣬ϣЦЦСܶϡµ˽ЦЦʧٵŮӵĹϵ 
ղȻҪлʧߵ̬

Ժɣ

ǵģҪٴεļͺãûɵľҪ· 
Ĵڹߡ

ǵԼʧ֢

áʱԺϵϣҵȻЦЦ˼Ǻϵ 
ղ֮ȴЩʧ䣬˼ǲ

ллЦЦСĺղ󷽵֣գһɲǴǺȴǴ 
оʶĬȴ˫ֵѾֹǧꡣ

ǻȥɣ󡣽ΪЦЦ̬ƽ˵ĿֿҲ˵ 
ЦЦĹϵͬһ㣬ղʽ

ټЦЦףղ

ټЦӦһɵ˵ĸɾǵϴЦ

̫ǴӶȥİɣˢˢĵûκ̫Ӱٵص 
ղϣǽϤġ

ǴɣæԼıְеǽһӡ֤



[]δԵս飬238ſִŵ
һ·żתЦЦ֪ģǸղʲô 
ϵһѿڶġղ硱飬治磿

˵ղǰеˣԼǸ˺Ļʵɷ 


ƵϳֳͣȻǰǷޣôҲԲ֣

ЦЦķ䣬֪лҪ˵ֻӿ

Ҫ˵Ǹ˰ɣûȤĺܣ

ǵˡĵĿڣЦЦ˸УҲԳһ 
Ҳȷſҵ֣ʲôأ

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ЦЦá

Ծǹµһ

ĻʺһܿǿɱƣȻǰľΪ 
Ҫٶȵ˺ͬһأţЦЦִ˿Ƶ֣Ҫڴߡǰ 
ִţţ

ǸѪȵĳлҲЦЦѪǳµѪĵ· 
ԼʼԵǣֵǸɣĵһۣҵľֲʹ 
Ȼ˺Ѵڣǧֻڴʹҡ

ֱǿĴְţЦЦûгǼȡů

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Եѡ㣬Ҳģ

̧ͷһܴӵһڻЦЦûз 
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뷨ʵģֻȥȥ磬ЦЦһ

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˫ӣ벻ĵˣԼһĨɫȥע롣

𣿽ߵˣһİػ

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ֻδ

ЦЦüܻش𣬵Ǹһεڴߴ 
Ӧ

ղ档ˣղδĽᣬҪ¿ʼ 
ֻȥѰҷ򡣻һ˿԰ҵ𰸡

˵ţЦЦиӰĵЦ

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¡

һصˣʲôںأ

Ҫˡ

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ǻвһĽְɣģЦЦƽĶӰ˵

Цһôֵ᷶ͼĴ󣬳Ϊ֮ 
˵ʵġҪǰĹɵǿ԰㡣

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˯УЦЦüͷչ΢

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[]δԵս飬239ǰĹ
ʱȥȻİԲͷЦЦͿҲйʶٶľҲ 
һŮӰɣ

û˸УֻףǸӦûЦЦҲչ 
ģһ

ЦЦҽԺڵļ飬ȴʧ䡱⣬һлָ 


ɿΣҽԺֵط˵ĳֻĿһЩʵϰС 
ʿĶЦЦʾĽ˵δжమǶʱĸ 
ٴεİɹ

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ЦЦСղЦЦ˼ǵЦݽ١

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͵Цվղȴĺг

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ݸǴһֲܱӵҸС

ףǴкЦЦҲΪ˸򵥵ĽܡЦЦλҵģδ 
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ղĻΣǺܡ桱ڿӰеĵӰȴ 
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ԲĻܿͿԼʦ˰ɣ

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ˮ䣬һջǰµծȥԸ 
Ϊޡ

áɿ˶Գµӵղǣߵκűߣе 


ٱ겢ûΪɫˮİִ 
ֻص



У˵߽棬ڱ˴˵Ƕ˽ղһĻΪرɵģ 
ֻЦЦ֪ӰĽ



[]δԵս飬240ҸڿʼԶǽ֣
ڣһŽ̸ף׵Ļɴӳˣͦĸ 
µУĶ޹أʼһЦݡ

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ĬĬڽõ࣬ЦһˣֿףЦЦ 
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ӺƯɣ˵ںƤңһģӵһ֮ 
Ůӡ

ЦЦͬһǶȣУЦЦĲֹ 
μʱ죬ɵڵϵȴһµ 
ʱųЦݣ

ʽڴ˷ף뿪˽ãĿԵһ 
гȴԱ˴еףǲܱȻ

ǧʱ䣬֮İڻ⣬һжƽķʽԴ 
ã

ղҸģ԰ɣʾ䣬ֻ˵ƺԼȢһŮ 
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أ

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Ů

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ΪŮҲԻƤ궼̫ѹˣĽԼǰ 
ˡ

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һ

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⵹˼ղŮҲܿɰ

죡ԼЩ߰ĶɾˣɶӰ֪ 
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ŷߣ˿ȴϵġ

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ЦЦ˼άȻҲס

ҲиǵŮȻӺ˧ҲܰǸܹɵŮ 
ϲ

˵ҪкЦЦɫּһȣСľ𣬱ʾ

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ҵһһ/Ҫͬǰһһֻ 


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ѣ

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׵ƲϣһϮɫӰȻ裬Ц쳹ƶˣٵĳڿƮ 
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͸쾵Ϊйٵĵʹߣֻͥӡ

ûǴεĻڰ֮УЦã 


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