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 1 

01

еάһĳȡͷµ̫ѿʼĶұɹؼۡ
쳤̾һ̤ƽá
ٽ塱ʱ䡪ĵʮ֡аϲһϵ̫á

ʮ¥ͣ£⿴һڵĹ˾ơչҡŷĵضǰ̨С⣺סҼҽ̡
Էһۣ绰ͨߣԽ㣬סҼҽ̡áµ绰΢ЦŶ˵Խȥˡ
ҵл̧ߣԶĹϰڷŵĸƷסҵĿ⡣ҪȥһװŮӭ߳
˵תΪ·
λԽ㡱Ҿ
Խͣһǰתƿţÿ˵һ
ҵлɨϵơ
ǰ֣Ҽǵá
ϸ΢ĹҿشǰվһɫŮһʡ
Ӵһװ͸ߴ׳Ӣǳü΢΢ü¶ų룬ֳأɢһʡ
ǳʣŮԳ֮Ϊԭʼ
üͷƺЩ⣬ŵɨһۣĿȥ𴦡
ҲԸԸǶֵĸ߹ˡֻе߰
ԵŮˣױݾ£һɫӡȹ޳ŮٳºÿһƲĿ⡣
ҵȻ˱

Ȼ˿ڶ˵쳣š
ҿʼţ˽ܡǿǿӸӰ죬಻סǰ˵ǿԾСƽ
ûи߹ڵһ
бβ裬ڵĴѧഺˣ
ѾҵĽţһҡȷʵЦ
ɣһԼ
ţýѧϵѧ
ǣһδ䣬ӢĬضԿһۡ
Цסҵۣͬѧ֪ҵδڴýѧƸ¡
һ˫ҪҡҲ仰ĿͶפϡ
ҸԼ򶨣Ȼȴ΢΢ڴͬѧʦѧ顣
ͬѧûһ¶ɫ
ӲͷƤͷûм׷ʣֻʣʸ˽ô
ѯʵؿ
ô
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ݸ˵ʱµˣ졣
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ʶƫͷһ۲Ŷ˵סҼҽ̣˼壬ҪסҼҡ
Ҽǵֽдѿʣ
ݸһЦ˵ֽд
ǻһ˵㡣Ҳֱң˲ǻƿҸӽţֱð
˵绰ҡ
óһСƤ±һ֧ʣһ롣
һƬţҾΣϢһ̣ҳʣҿˣ
ݸȻ
ӢʼղһԣҾЩϧû
ţѸԽһЦ̣ټ¥

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绰ͷڳ
ǲǷţ飺ұԿ
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ȴҪңûǽжҲ޼ɣһ㾯ԶûУϵطϹأԿס
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ʶʱѾԾۣ׼Ͷĸ׵ӵ
ͻȻһ˫ֱս̲ζ˲Χң۲ҵľˡ
ߵĿڸո칫ҵӢˡ
ࡢлЩҺѡ
üЩΪ顣
Ǹܲ鷳㣬˫տʼ̣ҵ˿һѾͨ졣ͷҿ
ָܿվƣܿȥʰֻ
ӼѾԶػұ߿̾򿪻¼ȷû£һ
ֻ氼ȥĿĺۣ΢΢üаۡ
Ǯ
ͷһѲͷȴĵͳ̧תԴվ
ʱߵҾȻûϵֻҲ˺һֻﻤǮҲ쳣
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ԭǺֻ£Ҿþ˵û¡
ңȷһ£⣬ֻ⣬ҿ㲿µġ
һ˵˳㲦ͨĸ״˵ĵ绰ǰҵҹޡ

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Ǳڴ̡ݡǷݡԡݡǷ˲ֹ˶ȡ
æ˵裬ҽؼ˯
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תֻǴۣٶȵ䣬Ʋֵ˵ֻû£ˡ
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ҵʧЦһıӰջĿվȥ




 2 

02

ڹϣոΪͷüĿȴԲʧΪÿĿգҵ龹ĪãԭӢȵ˱⿡ʵĴкŲ֪ٱ
˳ҲͨԵĵ绰
ϵάһļ
ԹΪʲôֱԿ׸ңÿζҪá
ԵĻش죬ڣŶ룬˵Ρ
ֱͬӣҾڲٽκαԹĻΪԵֱʱʱе

˼ŮߵǰԿ׵ǰΡԿ׷Ž˵ԼԷùҡ
ˣʧˡ⻰ֻ㷢ҪǵΪϸ漱ʽ֡
ҵľ̸֮ʧŮˣ㷢й޴йŨûЪ˹ı黳
һæ·עⰲȫҵſߡ
ҵСѵµĽ㶼ãĸ״˲û
Դߣ׳ţп㣬ĵ޳й˵
һ֪һֱĽʱ־ҵ⣬ʱǿջЦЩ
ʧŮˣû˰飬ǿʼƴƴҵʹʧĸ״ˡΪƿһʰչұ߿飬϶ҹУʱȥҡҶ׶԰ʱ챻ʦտɱȥҡ
ԣСǳ

ͷһĳϣӳڲԼд㯵
ʵڲǰҲոռʧųսڣҲաȴûôѹ˸Уûǹƴҵĳ徢Ϊʲô
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վԵ¥£ϵݣ˫ſʼ
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ż룬һԵĶסֱӵĲ֮ϵʱ䡣룬֮ûǲϵҲԲ˵öء
Ա˵Ůˣ˸İΪҵ氮

һЩ̣ҧҧ¥
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ֻһûСѾ⸱״ϵ϶౨־Ǹżֻɫܽذһֻõֽ䡣
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վС׷СһǣһθпŮ˺οΪŮˣ
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ٴ¥ֻѾһͷԽ޲ɳĿⱻذֻֽҴؿһʱ벻Ǵðġ
ʱ绰ڱǣţ㻹ûԷɡ
֪ʣΪۼʱû幤ôõذֻֽ䡣
ŵض˵ֽǧĪ
ãһϢдȴҲײ֪Եμ
˵ȥԱߵġּǡЩԵĶϻԡ
ƣող˵һһ
绰ͷûֺõղæͷˣڸոȥ·ұ
뵽æûʱԷ̬ʲô
㡣
ҵץ񣺡ԣûˣֵЪ˹ҽޡ㡱ʣ

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֪ˡӦ£ĿζҲǲ
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ϵʿҿʼ绰ּǡϰ
ĸ״æҵǼ꣬ҵĳԷѾּǻ죬ϰ˽˵绰档
ϰšķ塣
ǱߺӣŰҪλôߵһĵط
˵£Щ˼һЩ
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⻰ζҹȻѡԣһˡ
˺ܶ࣬ͱ˼һô
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˶æȴΪȥʽ顣˵ʱµ죬ҿʧ졣
ҿǼҵŮһܵ鴴ˣһľġңǸǿŲĵˡ

ӹ˸䣬ʻϻ԰֣ڵĿĵء
ּ߽ǡѾźŶڵȣ˿Ƶĵͷߡ
Ž㣡
ҵģֻϰĶӰ
С꣬ʱаִҰšԳʱЦֱʱ˵ӸֻЩȻϰϣΪʹ
̧ȥֻüĿĸߴ֡
ǰ̶һûҶҪϵˣекܸ˾ϲ
߹ȥСЦҲᣬͷעף㳤ߺöࡣ
⺢ӳߣĿһ塣
Ž㣬ָ̨
ҿȥʯ
δ꣡
ΧǴҵġˡмĿɰŮһˮַУһС°𪾡ĸ׵򣬻뷲İ
˳ڵѰСԵԵø롣
еϣǹϳӹףɥ겻׷ߵ񣡵ʱŮö֮벻֪ӳԷƫƫײԣҾųɾŻʧܸա
ˡͻȻܳһ֮ټһŰⳡ濴ʵԵù졣






 3 

03

Ž㣬Ž㣡
ʵ
ɣС㣬ּˡεسһĨһôÿЦΪʲôûڶꡣ
ţɡ˾ؿңֿȻ״ԭλΪģģ
ҡͻȻʧ֢콲ˡ
ðʱңͣ
ͻȻһȻģţס⸽һұǻ۸ò
Ҽס԰֡
ͬһ֣ɡ
һֱ˵ɣɼжʵ㲻ʶҺ֪Ȥ΢Цͣǰɡ
ûҽߵˣǾûҪʶ

£ҳʲôҸ˷ͷŵСԾͺáӴֻ۾ʱҵĿ⣬ѾʧͲ͵¡
ºõӣˮǰպһڱģ
ұˮǺΪҵľȣǽ㣡
ԵʱҲ˵ûѣͻȻ͵Һǰǹȥʽ˿ٰĻƽŮɣ
Ϊ˰Ǻĺҽźһˮ
˵綼þûˡ
һαˮǺ̧۵һ۰
쿪ΪҪǸ˭֪ظҶΪܵ͵˵ˣ
ͷԼ֫˵ľ֣ɹ˭һ̨
֪Ĵͣ
ŵһԶȥæӡ

Ҵ˿бĸ֡
ҶİͻȻǺǡЦͻȻҶֵļ䡪İ
ǰİͻȻ˵С壬Ҷˡ
С壡ҵܾæóֻµӳûԷȥϢİм壿
Ӣѵúİĵȵȣ㿴ҲǶŶӵȡһ仰еظоɨҡشۡ
δ䣬ѾżС˰ϣţһǰ˵͵ģ˵Űһûȡڹ˵Ļ
׳ɳΪĸ״˱绤һǰǰٺѩǻϲ鷳ңڸȷҪΡ
С壬ǸİС˵
ˣǰƵǰ΢Ц˵ȡ
лл㡣İЦУˡ
Цл
ʱŮ˵İ㣬Ҫһݡ
Ϊίػ˵أȴİѾʼõȫĸ׵Ļ
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Ž㣬Һ轻ΪѵؿңֿİİҺΪѰ
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ҪһһȡİС˵
ҿһۣǱ˵ϲǷ˵ʲôֻˣҵͷ
Իңֻһ
ҵһǹسǣ
سǣϷΨһĶӣܲá顢Ӣæҵδޣ͵ء
ѹ߰ԭ˼и߰ʱ
ֻǰؼζؿҡ
ʲô£ʡ
ûİң㣬ʧˣ
ᣬССֻ۾ʧٰĻƽŮɡ
سǵһæӿڣİԷʱҪǸسЦЦ
ֻЦתۼϰ˿գæȥк

ϰ
ţþûˡϰｫһԡ
αȽæҷҽճѵƵƵ
ǵһƪ£˵һѧҾо֣һƽһҪ˵ߴλѡҵóĽǣϣ˭û˵ѣ
Сӣôûһ
ԣҺ㣡
ڶоæΪʲôΪԲһѣһѡ
ϰ״Ŷоˣѹæ
ҵǰͲ°ȥо
ôѧʵˣҪס񡭡ϰ˼ɵؿһۣ˵衣֮һҪúס
ͷ׵ġѿڶһסˡ
ϰһۣ۵˵ˣʶһ˳Ǻÿġ
סЦسǣ˵ʮ꣬ôһڡ
λ̫̫ôҽȥԣҪҵ˽£ͺá
Ǯ˵Ľߵףһףר˽
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ûҴҴİ߹ϰ˵裬ˡ
͸ܽһһСУݸңŽ㣬Ĵˡ
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С㣬ˣԤףò졣˵꣬ұˡ
ߣϧؿ¶дسͶĿ⣬ͻȻϣϵĲͣʵǾ⡣

ֱصһźΪʲôûкȵ
ķУҾŹȡ
һܺú˿ͻ۵ϺȻʺΣÿԽȻǷѡ
ϰɿɰֻ֣Կʵ롣
һֻУϸĸһ㱣Ĥǰٺѩһǰ⡣
ҽͰꡣҲĽؼңĽּҡּҸǡͷ,Тİ
һˣҹĻٵʱ̣׸л¡δ˼룬Ҵ򿪵ӣߵŻδꡣ

ԻʱҵͷһϵıִֵǸָ뼴ָ8
ԹҼס̹ףں㡱ԹȻתͷ濴סҡСһ¡ԡ¡㡱
ΣҰﲻˡǽȥˡй
ûн֮ǰԸġƺΪ
سˡס䣬Ԥϵᷢ
ȴֻǵһŶһʧǵӡ
ԣʲôҵĵؿ
оûŮǻգеŮǰ׳գʧŮա
ԴʱΪصġա
תͷʮֿն֪ġæȥҡԣѽ
ģһֱѡؿڣҡػعЩ
΢ģȴ˵ţһιغպĽǰֻ̣㡣ԣ˵ɥء
Эĵɶ˽о޷ͬ




 4 

04

ǰóһƸ¸ҿҼ˫סҼҽ̣ҪȥԣҲͬ⣬վֲסĿˮ
ҵʱ᲻裬ڱУбϾչޡټޡҵʱ롮ҪһĲ˵ȢҡڣĲҲûˡҲҰģҲûֻǷһᡣ
ҲȻ
Ĳһ̸꣬ޣĲȴΪһվȽȥ׷УĶŮ֡
ʱԣͬȥҽʲôϵ
Цʮֹ죬渵ļƻҪǱң̽͹سǷֱĸ˽ʱ档
Ҳ⣺ְͬʲôϵ
ͣбŲлְשûְʸûУ

ԹְڰԶµ־磬ԶӰֹ˾
ǵõԴӼ߰Ŀ಻ãµĳһգһһϲӰ
һǵõʱһĳ־ŮһԵļߴ𣺡һ׷Ͳûˣͨͨȥ˹ϲС
ЦЦҺȻ͵͵سҭתȥȴĨᡣǰ̸ȥδ޹
Ҳ⣬ʲô
ĨᣬЦɵ˵֮ǰĺγ
֮󣬶סǲƬҲЦǰδĹѰҾ浽ΪʱЦʾ˳ġ

ֲҵңӵսβ
һ룬漴һɵ˵ѾˡҾԵ£ɷµض˵ʵ;Ը񲻺ϡֻġ
ֵȷġ
ʱ˵Ҳ뵢㣬úùѧλңʵһֱѡһֱûи˵ҡ
ҼЦݴȻֺˡ
̨һ£Ҳò뿪ôû˼Ϊôûûˣʵڲֵá
һҲãǸˣһǱȻû̵ִкնסһˣѣ

ҹԵ˫˴ϣż̫ˡ
շת£ս컨壬ʼ˼롣
֮Ա޷ǾΪԿ֡ȵʡҿһֺĿɹƷԡҵʱ룬ֿʵĴкһһļͥ
ǵһΡҲΨһһȥͣĸ˵ҴСסʱһı飬Ҿ֪Ҳܣĸ䲻ҡ
ʹҲб³ԲͷȫǳǽϺõĺ
ĸǶ̬ȶӣ෴ЦӭˡЦǳǳءǵסЦҵþˣЦЦЦ͸룬Ц졣
ǴѧʦĸְءȶĹİ½ĺǴеĹ⻷
ǣұˡǣҲûΪʧȥӶѹźͥʧ֮ۡ

峿֪һ
ңšҹһѷ
ȴʼੲݣûпҪϣҪҪȥϿΣ벻ҪȥϿΣ
۵
Ц˴˵㡣

ٳţҼֻֽ仹ڵذϣԣֻֽ䲻ô
ԿһۣջĿ⣬ҹߣĲĶһûҪҪ
Ҳ
ĲǸĽϵʦ֣ͬ졣Ũü۹Ըȴ볤ԯޣóʱװ±ӡ
ԸԲǲ˽⣬һֱģˣԿһ㣿ֿһ㣿ΪʵˡԵͷƮС
˵СͻһЩ
ڿǻ˶ȣǽнԶ
Ͼһ̸꣬ޣԵﲻܡ·ֻԼߡΨĵףԸ߳

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ѧУұ֪Ŀȡˡǰһˡ
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ţ
Ȼʧˡ
ѽֻע⿴·ˡ
˵ʦַˣ˭ģСȲıɫԶôֱӡ
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ֱֱסֱ˼رۣ˵һֱ˼ʲô
ע⣬ҽŵĨ֮͡󼪡

˼ϣҾּĬ
ļգֻҪûпΣұ㲻ȥѧУ
ͬסĺҦģݸһҪҴؼҿҽ˵һسİ¡
´ȥ̫鷳ûֽӣԥֻ˵һ仰ɹҰǱս
Ǿ仰ǣûˣҵʡط

ҽӵԴĵ绰
ʣǱǷϢ
ָ֪иֵȴǹسüæҡͷûС
ٵȵȿԵƶʮֲ⡣
ȥȴִܾһˣκιҶϵ绰
֮ҿʼΪԵǣûӰ쵽ҵĩ
ٽʱҦǰͻȻûͷûԵңô
ʲôôơ
ǱسİС˵
ǿˡؼңһݱڴͷϣȴһֱǿ
ڿɣܸ˵Ĺ¡

ҦһټҿǱ飬ҾؼҾͿ
ǱС˵Եһ˳µȷˣıֻ磬ҿԣһݶʮҳͻȻ˲Ծ
С˵ǡҡǸߣ֪ġ֪ϲԼʼĶ
Цһ飬ٿȥ
š
ĸתͷĸվҷſڣһضҵ飬ӭȥ
ʲô飿ɫˡһҵ
ȥסĸףһֲС˵£װϻͷ˵ͼɢע
ȻĸױסңֹסЦο˵ôˣЩЩǴ鹹ġ
һǲŷֿĸ׻طȥ·ҰֲһĵС
ֻ죬һİĺ룬Ԥæ
Ǳ߾ȻһѾΥŮô򡣡쳣öΪ˷ܵ뵯
ǡС㣿ҿ⽫ƽ֪ʡ
˵żٳʱҼϤһ»
ǣҸոշ١
ô
ʱǣ
㣬Ұ칫ҼҶϵ绰




 5 

05

ҿֻʧЦ
Ůˣţͨͨռˡһת뵽İİְ֣ҲԼķǳ
ոں˭ĸ׾ҷſʡ
һݼҽ̵ļְ˵
Ҳǵ˵ơţˡĻĸ׹ֽС
ܹҪģǰԿҲûЩ顣
̫ô㵱ɹӡˡ
ҴЦĸ״ԭӡ
ɹ㡣
һλһĶŮԣɷȥŮѧұ˵ȥĸ״֡
ĸ׵ɫҲǣô̫ҼŮ
ȥסҼҽ̣λ̫̫Լҵ
סңסȥĸһ棬˵ʲôǮȥ㺢ӵıķ
ĸ״Ī˼Ǯ뱣ķ˫ҽ̡
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 6 

лҪ˵αһЩݣ~
06

վתһЦԹسǣһʱȴֲ֪γƺϵЦʱεؽǡ
סİɨһۣҹɡжʱҵΡ

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سİҶĳɳϣȫҵĴڣεվǣ
İԹس˵С壬Ϻһһҽܹԡ
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ϣֻòʱϸ΢ĸO@һɫ嵭ܺҵĿζֻķΧʲ
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ʻϻ԰֣Ҽùسǰѳͣڽֿڰһεĵضβſ³
ĸ״˻δؼңҾʰƷ𱳰سǺİϡ
ߵͣµĵطҲסֻİ밢ڳβԶ˵˵ЦЦһξ룬İЦ
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ÿϰһؼҵֹ㡣
ϰҷֱʱһǣȻĿһؼҡÿҶ߼ͷһÿɾЦݱоһӿͷ
һ䣬֮䲢޹ȴǲʧۡ
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ǣȴֿˣ޷
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 7 

07

ͷ΢΢ۣһĪУЩģͻȻҳû𳵶ơͷգۣͻȻŴ򿪵س³ȥˣ֪Ҫȥˡ
·ϣİƸ汦ʸͣ
˵Сʱʵ֣ж֣ӷƻ󶵣˵ΣɼһͿǵ˵ȽϺÿ㿴˭ȽϺÿ
ƫͷһһش䲻Ҹ˾ÿ
صңİʶҺط˯ͬһ˯ǰԡϰߡ
İԡԡļ϶ҹķ䡣
ɫ׹յĲմСȴʵǽϹһ鳤ο̺ͨ׹һСˮƣɫɴµĴͬɫϵ˫ͱޱ
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֮һҹΡ

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ٶ
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ұؼҡ򶯣ȥشЬԼЦƻ

سǼݳʻе򡣴˵Ǵ֮ҵ˽ء
ʻѵɽ·ͣ·ԡ
ɽ
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سܵزȥ˶°ӭ衢ƮҡԿյĵ׿
ͻȻ뵽Īξɵͣ½Ųĵ׸ԼҪвʵӵĻ룡
̧ͷ˫΢գһ峿ɽ¿עһЩŲ




 8 

08

İسվǰ治ԶҡȥͣǰͷֳסϥǴڴڴ¼İڳܣɽ
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˵ڼǵһȴˡ
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վԭɵȣ
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ӵĿĵأسǵлæϵּǡ
ĲƲϰңš
ʳߵ߰˰ˣµļ޷Ҫ֡ϰһߣһҶߵ˵Űǧܳԣ뵱ꡭ񡭡֮˸ǾԲݵģҪµģҿˣǹﲻ˳ۡ
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ҿһŮ飬С¹Ƶ۾һգһգأȻܵ˾š
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سҲϰ￴һۣڨڨȥк
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ҽӹĻʦֵʦãʦַżǰʲôóԵĵط˵ҼҸҵꡣżһΣϰ￴ҳ󣬼һΪһԡҾ
ԭС¹ۡЦƿһ仨
ǰǰظС߰ɡ
ݰݡ˵˵ټΪټ
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仰ҵļ˲佩ֱ
³֣֮ǰսһ¡ŮǼʱʼģҴδˣʱʵǰɲҲȥš
У꣬㿪ʼ׷ң׷׷òڣʤгԡ׷һꡣ
Ҳθڣĸ״ĶνġСҷʱ̵ҡԴǵ׷мҪ֣ױߡףǲϧһأǷ񻹶һһһ׼©
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ʱҲŻȻĸ״ľ̸֮ʺҡ̸̸άϵۣʹ;ͬ飬ȥԶ




 9 

09

Ž㣬˭㲻ģװеܽ߹ͷսҶСĵʣģ
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εһˣͻȻֱһˣֱԭˡ
һתŻȻƵĵͷ˵Ŷ֪˵ǱֽܣŮǵС
ĻҼûЦ
šϰȥ㡣
Ǯ,Ҳزŷֹسǻǣһ̧ͷҵۡ
չƫһЩˣ֮ڲֻͬһ򵥵˶£ϾעĿ߻ˣȴһֻ
ջĿ⣬뿪ּǡ
һſڱĸ״ɫγæ·֡
ĸ׽ͣǰ³һԽϵͽʣôߵ磿
ʱмӡĸһΣüۺЦ
ҵ»Ԥףĸ״˲Դ
ѾͷĸЦ˵꣬³ת뿪

ĸ׽ʻԶҲߡ
ߵſڣóԿףͻȻ˻ҵ֣ǹسǵҲתһȻ
ôҲһ·βΪʲô
شֻǶ˵·רע
£ʣ׵ĺܣûˡ
ҽȥʣȴѯҵ
Ψдȥһֽһˮǰ
һԵĵɳϣԼҵ̣˷
İǸкøС
سǵһλףЦǾı˵һ߰ҪҪͼժǡΪͬʯӡ
ֻŴǿҡ
ǷѣԽʧ̸꣬㡣
ƺ̾Ϣһƺ״̬´̸
áҲͬվſڡ
ҲɻİŮΪʲôִİŮֶŮĹػ̫ˡ
һϸ룬ӵĵ绰ʱˡʣţˣ
ҷʣʲô£
ΪѣбҪһЩҸ档ͬЩˣǻٵ㽻ĺãԺѿ˵ɷн¡
ġС硯ûߣЦ
ϰȥˡ
ȻˣŮѲߣŸҴ绰ǰŮѡ
Ҹ棬ˣټͨȴܿ˵ţʹŮѣ㻹ǻһһǵҡ
ãͻȻŻµԼ쳣ƽ˵Ҳȱػټ½
ˣãʧЦ˵óڡ
ͻȻĵЦӦøм˵ЩĻҲҶϵ롣
ΨһֵҵǣӲ˽ֿֿ˽⡣

Թ緹λεչ⣬ͻȻԡֻ룬Ͳ󣬲Žͨ
ӣȥҡһἫ죬֪æܿ˵áͨ
ٽ㣬ȴ绰Ҫȥ󻨿˵˰ţֽһ綨õľۻᣬʵ߲Ӧͬĸ״˱һš
ˡ󻨿ķҵԵİᡣ
ɨһۣԭǡþۻᡱһɫŮҴһк¡
ţ衣˺ң׿ʦ㣬Ǳе̨СŮǴæˡڵ㳪ǰָߵĿλ
Ҽλʦϳ顷ʮͶ룬߹ȥ׿ʦ¡
׿ʦңҪʲô裿
Ҵս˵Ҹϲǳ
ҶԳʵɺ׿ʦȥѵҳһȫϵ衣
Ҫй͡
Ҳ죬˵ʧ˵
һܣλʦеȷЩˣ飺㡶лʧУšʧ
׿ʦ۾һʼֲҿҲ㸽˵ʦ㣬Ҳ裬裬ȥɡ
ţġ׿ʦ˵꣬Ųһߵɳϡ
Цȥѵҳ棬ɾ̫ĸ裬ٲĿ

ڼɻ󣺡ҵġʫģҵġԹˡҲûСҵġټĿûҲ㲻֮
Ҿ裬ƣֻżпǿԼѡԺ׿ʦ㻹λʦ㼸οҾ΢Ц
һ֧ϳڳ
ллҷ
ܺ˵Ļ
ҷҲЦ
ȴ벻
ллղ
˵Ļ
Һ˼һֱ
ͷȻ

仹ʣóϽЦ
Ȼʧ󣬿סĻǽá
Ҽȥ裬ǽϵҺ滺һ׸ʾĻҽסһǵĲĶ衣
ҵ²⣬߹ȥ˵ԣο࿴
ȴһңִ˵ѣᳪǡһ𳪣ִҪϳҼһ΢ģΨ˳ϳ
;ԽɤʹҪҼֳꡣ
ҳһ䡰ǵһ֪쳤ؾáⳡйĻתȥԣĨվҽվװ
׿ʦ˵ǩ´뿪ᡣ
̤ݣһδվȽţԲ֪ʲô˺Ȼһŵؿһۣʦ˵ͻȻڼ´ټȥк岻
û߼׿ʦܣ̷Ȼԭڶͬʱɻ׿ʦͬ죿




 10 

10

ұһ·ȾͷϴּȷÿӶǿյ֮ŵϴ̨һҿЦ˵ЦˣְҵΪԳ
һع񣬹˵ףˡ
ʣ
ҲΪ⣬ʲôʲô
ùƵĶˡԹ
νЦͷһ۱˵绰û
һܲ˵ı飬Уѳꡣ
һͨġ
ΨͳֻȥңС̣⡱ŽҴúúã
պֻ߳ȥ
ˮкµĹ쳣ͣûʵĴϱһƣҿǽϡԶıʶתԣԱۿۣ
ԿЦΣСԱѲ𡣡
תţ̨ʿȥ

ʿԼ24Сʱ̵ͣԵ˼
³̵߽꣬˳һơƣֶеơƿˣ
첻ϰ࣬ţſ֣޺޵ؿҡ׳ݰĵƹ£յһˣҿźֲۣɿ
Ȼɡȥ̨Ǯ
һóѵЦϲظǮһؼҡ
һصһƿơͷҪȣæֹ˵ԣȳЩٺȡ
£ңͷ
ҾؿʣΪʲôһҪ
ȿһƿơƷ¾ƿʣţûУ
̹ףûУΪҴ
ԿЦһ˵ҾΪ̫ѲŻۣ˵ֿ꣬һƿࡣ
һֻڰգ޷ֹĶֻ۵ؿ
һƿһƿغȣֻһ⿴ӹϵĽ䣬ֻװĲƷֽεض
ʣĲҪЩôȴȲĻش
ջĿ⿴ԣɢʧ˽ֱֱضҿ֪ˣָֽ˵ĲֽΪʲô⣿
˳ҵֿȥĬãͻȻۡһ޳æֱסǲǲ뿴ϰӵԣҪޡ
˭֪ҵĻܹȥסֻֽ䡣ҪӵҪӵġ֪ġ
ſֽϣݵᡣ
ߵߣԣҹˣ˯ˡ
̧ۣۻȻضסңսҵ󣬡ţҰһҺòãÿ࡭ģĺÿ࡭
ұǼһᣬʣãȥ˯˯ҾȥһԼ˵òã
ģȼϣ
صͷ˵ȥ˯Ͼȥ
Ұ죬˵á
ȥշվֻ䡰ࡱһæȥ䡣ҿʱֻͰһЩ
԰׵ۻڴϲ˵ġġ
ɾ䣬æȥο
ҹ˯졣
ڵذϣþ˯ƣȴ˯⡣
ǰĲġһˣŲԼ㵽˱΢ĵزһӡ
ͻȻҲԭҲһˡ
㱵˲䣬Ҳ֪۵ʧȥʶ

ֻͣȥһʹұٶһ¡һƴҾϣȥӵ绰ˡ
ֻƽ㲻ᡣ̾Ȼ˵ô˯
ΪҪϴ˭֪˵㲻ѵӱ𵽴ĵװ̾Ϊ㣡㵹
˴ܿۻҵļͷ绰ͷ˵ǹ˭
Ҳʶʲô̫̫ģңҪ˯ҷƤһ£ͻȻԾŵӣ
ҿʼţп㣬Զŵ绰˵ˣ˵ʶ㡣ֻӵߡ

һ⽵ĴͻȻѡۣԣǹسǰ
ԴʧɫȥȥϿȥѽزոյĺ룬ڽͨˡ
Сʣǹô
ҡس죬ƺ
£ʡ
̸̸¡
ҲѵҪͬȥĻ
Щٴ㣬ȥԷɡ
ã硣Ҷϵ绰ԣˣΪʲôҪȳԷ
ؿڣ㡣
Ҵ󾪣ôˣҽԴӴ
ҵĶ̷˵ͷΡھ
ȥˢҪǺѽƫͷһƿ´λεʱ䷿

Թһѽɳʣôû㵹ǹسǴ㣿
εָǰȻһϰ塣
˼ǵע
𡱣ͷӦһ
ʲô£
ҽ̵°ɡҽ£಻ǰ֮ˡ
Ȼؼңһ㡣
Ҳͻڵ绰Ϳɡ
ҲѪҪ˽ȥ̸顣ԴҵĻ
ҵ¸оܣǺ֮
ǿҵ뷨Ϊ˵˴ʱ俴ɫǰȨϰ
ֱҳţ̽ңûкʧ̬ɡ
ҷ˺ö࣬˯ͷ˵㲻ʧ̬
ԻɫҪ¥ȥվҼһƣһڻؾ

صһ±ܽԣϴȥһճ壬ԡֻ߳죬æȥ
ڼңȻǹسǡ
šÿڡ
һˣ
šţơ
Ц˵ڼҵţȥ㡣
ѿڶǲ㡣
Ǳû̾Эʱҵ
СʱҶϵ绰
ֻҲòԵ񡣸һϻԡæһŵ·
һ߲ʪһ߲ޣԴʲôֻԼ飬ǰ裡




 11 

11

Сʱ׼ʱëȥš
վŵĹȻǹسǣݣһװһֽˮд
һˮ˵ҳ˵
˵ϴ
һ䣬ͬʱЦ
ǹسǵһζЦ
˫˫Ц⣬سǿʼ̸£İ̫СҺİ˼ǣȻ죬ôͷС
ҵסЦ⣬ϵصͷҲǹİİΣİĸĸ
سǿһϵı˵һ£ˣЩɩͬϵ¶ƣɫ
Ȼר̸ҾֻΪ˵һ仰绰ȫԽ
ţôǻ񣿡
㡣æ˵
سûоܾ
һţ¥ϵھӴ˸ʵʵڵ棬Ҵ󷽷кھӻһһȻЦ¥
سǼ״˵ˡ
Ұ֣һ͡Ҳã´β
س˵͵ͺá
ߺá
ȴͻȻ˵ţ̫ˡ
ҾнЦЦ˵Ӧõġ
ƺ̾Ϣһ뿪

ϣĸ׻һűڶҷʣ
˵ͬС֣˦˼ңﲻã˵㻹»װʶϳ£˵ۼһһӼ߳ļٵģĸæЩ
Ҽмܲסֽӹĸ׵ƤźãһˮˮĵҲпڵĻᡣ
ȣҺӣҺңΪֿ˽⡣ﲻãסʲǰ֮ˣŮʿһǰԲҪϸ˵
ĸ׷ˮ˵
Σûд»ʳͣҺּǡУȷϰ飬̸ҽ̵¡бҪ˵һ䣬һָæԼ¡
æԼ£ʲôæĸСҡ
ֱͦ˵ҽѽ˵͵ʽǰϰ
ĸ˼һ£ͬصͷǾͺáһ˵ŵҡ
ҶӹưɡεЦ
´Ҫͬǽ
æֹĸףǧҪ
ĸײؿңúһңҪһ콲ˡ
ýͣѨﴵķ磬һߡ
㵹ÿ
ö˵ԽԽ
ãһչ㣬ഺ档ĸЦָ̧ҵӡ
ҵʧЦһٶʮģഺڲ֪ꡣ
ĸһȻɫңţ˵ʵҿˣ
ĸңҲҵϸϸŮ˵һһµϸƣĸʤڱˣѿóЩϸơѵõĸ׵β귢
ĸһţСЦŶ˵ˣȥʮꡣ
ĸЦ˵˵ᡣ
˵á
ҲĽ˼ᣬ޶ĿȻ֣ĸĸϵЦ
Ҳᣬסĸһֱֻ۶˵裬ѽ
ĸ׹ȻЦһѱסң˵Һ㣬ı
˵һỰŸԻط˯¡

һ磬Ҵ绰ĲԼüʱ͵ص㡣ҸϵԼصʱĲѾڵҡ
Ҹ߽һС͹ݡòˣСżֻʣһˮǰڣң⣬׹Ϊ԰ɡ
ҵͷѾƷζ޲㣬̲סŲǰϴǦ̥ǣǿϲɺء
㡭һȷҲáҲԣӦõġ
ͻȻЦʵ̫ЦޣΪҪޣ˵ޣҲᣬֻǰ˰ˡֻǶ˵㣬ֻǰһ¡
Ҳʲôԣٶ๫վصߣȻеΡֹα֣
ҺѾûܣţ㻹С죬㲻ҺĲٺʡҪģˣҪģҲͬΪ
ҿסЦĲԼҿû˵ġ˱ĵĽΪʲôԶ
ҵĻסһ˲˲ضҵǡ
ڵҵ棬Բ绰ȥ
¶ܵɫ
ҼĲǰŮѼеĶ㻹ȥõô
ɫܣһЩʱҾͱҪˡԵ
סȫϲһ¡
˵֪һʱŲ£Ͼôĸ飬Ǹʱ䣬һҸʺϵˡ
ҵɴ۾ס޿̳Ĳ޳ܣΪӲ˵ﲻǲףȻԱڱվȽšΪͲ޹Ⱦ͸ȥһһĵʯͺˣοҽ㣡ҽ㣬ָ˭ͻã
Һסһ㶡
ͻȻֻһϽȥȴ쳣᣺磬桱ãȥԡҡ
ֻ̧۶˵ţ֮ǰȫҴԺҾԵ㱣֤۵׵мֳϿҡ
ʱ½ʼϲˣҿһ۲ɫᣬҰʲôţȻ˵ֻϸĵˣΪҪĶ⡣
Ůѳԡ
ɣæ˵òãǳԾͺá
ˣҵס˵˭Ҫͬһԣ˵ĻҪȥҽ㣱
ģһûϵ
һɫڣ´ץͷҲصߵ
߳С͹ݣһڶʧضסЬ⡣
ĸ飬Ҫжľĺܷ£ԷŲ£ĲѾǸ硱һĸ飬ȥأ
һؿڣľغܡͷͷϷⷢȣɹһԴġ
ڻؼҵĹϣһ·л㱻˼ҡ

˯ʱĵ绰ͻȻҪ忪ʼȥҡҵľַֻȥһΡ
ҵ˵ÿȥſڵͺãش
Ǳ֪УܱҺҡ֮ã»á




 12 

12

˯ǰĸ׺Ȼ˵ûĲˣҲ˸ýʱˡǱô˼
Ҳӣڵ˵ùĵ⣬ʲôġ
ԣʲȻ
ĸײģˮװڿʣסˮ
ĸȴԹ˵˵ҲԣСˣҲýˡ˵̸ҲˣôŲأ
ҲֻܺˮĸһѶϵˮЩǺ
衪
ĸװһۣ֪ͺã˵ʵԽô뷨
εһ˵Ҳ˵ǡô֪
ĸһҼͷûüʹһθ֮ԣţǴ֪֪֪֪ʮ֪֪Ҷʮʱ㶼ˣ½Щģʮ꣬ӶҪʮˣ
ĸ״ĪæһˮݵĸС
ĸ״ˣӹɣȷǴ¡Ѿ֮ǰǸˣ˵ʮʮɴڡ£һʮߵ裬ƼҲͬ⡣
ĸסѡһˮ˵ûõģȥǰҴ
衪һʱѣĻԹԱҴ
ѵҪȥ¥ĸ״ЦЦغһۣҿŭЦ
ȥȥֻӦ

ڶۣϾ˼ʲôʱ䣬ȸԴϢȥ°ҼҰɡ
ܿһ䣺˵æûʱ䡣㲻ҡ
һֻֻ˵һ䡰㱣ֳĬͺáҵ绰
ĬͺãҿЦ˿Ҽĸм䣬ˡ
ʱ֣ĸӡšּǡܽţұʣû
Ҷ㲻ţΨתԵԭ˵æûʱ
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ҿ㣬㡣ϹϾͲ˫ַϣĸ׽ӹͲһԵĳɳ
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Ҳ֪Իͬĸ˵ʲôĸʱȻң˵һ߽⡰ּǡĴӡ
ĸ׺ܿµ绰ߵߣҼһȥʼķС˵ѹؼʰһ£ȥ
֮ãҲû˵á
ĸ˵ȥ˼Ҳøһţһ¡
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˵°࣬ʰһ£ǵЩĸָһָּǡĴӣתطȥ·
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ԴŵϵĴӣһùȥһһ̯Դƶת
ԣô죿
õǺˬ죺ˣ
ֱۣΪѾϹһ𺳽ˣǸҧָءţһֲ¶ذĸ״ǰĻתȥĲ֡
ֱЦȴ̾ôû˵ֵ¡˵ˣͲ¡
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ûɵ˵ϵʱ㼸ʱ˭һ
ֱӸǷˣûʲôϵġ
˳ɳбȥ۾ס컨壬˵ţ㻹СЩ㲻ʹˣһ⡣
㲻˵ô֪Ҳ֪ҲףΪʲôĲһһҧТҲ
֪͡С⡯¡
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ȴ˵ţûͬϷֻͬ㽲ܾء
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ҲɡԶҼһĨЦת˲ţֻϱɫ
ͣһ룬ͬʱ̾
ʣλŮʿ㾿Ԥô죿
𣺡ҼλŮʿţλʮʾŲ֪ͺá
Ҳ⣺̹ôѣ
һҸӲĻ·ǳ
ԵĻشʣۿΪڶ˵̾Ϣ̸ұ̸Ȥġ
Ҫȥҡ
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ԣ᱿ؼңһɵˡ
Ŷ󣬶ʲôмįŮġǧǵҡ
İڣôᡪԺݺݵһۣҲ
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ҲΪѿڶؼ㲻ù
һۣҪȥţһֱ֪㲻ָ̰ˣҪֻһļͥ
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ңس㡪
㳶ȥҴԣ΢㳡
סң˵Ϊͬһ㲻ΣϣһԸ
̹Ȼƶ˵С㲻ΣҲһԲһԸ
ͻȻðһͷҰ£Ѹɨһ۵ӹԣտҲĲڱӵظһһ׮Ҳ¡

һۣ˼Ƭ̣ٷҡ
Ϻĸ״˵ҵʱѾ磬ҹȽҽ̵£˵һ󣬼㲻㰴Եָʾһ֪
ĸһݣһǽϵıȥ˯ĸطһŻط˯¡
ҹΣ
һƬ´һ
ϸϸܵڲϣǰɫ޷ʹ
Թ緹ҽװһ۴죬һ˫ЬȥġҼҲ̵ֲȣǾš
ʮ֣Ѿվڡڴȳ̡½е˲࣬źԶұ߹
ҿ߽࿴ҡߵǰ̳΢΢Цʣ˺ܾã˵ϵɣ
Ҹոյ˵߽С





 13 

13

Ƴڳߣ˵˵ⳡҪ¼գҪʳ˵ߴ䶳һ׵ŽﳵȻתͷңţмɿڵʳ
ûСҡͷ
˵һ䣺ʡġĺʡתͷȥȥϵЦݣЦù࣬ǻ۵ġ

̻صңҼسİڿɳϿӣɲڣҲ죺سΪܲñȻҪæܶ࣬ΪΣҾǱæöࡣ
İתһЦʮֲãػң㡣
İݸʪ죬ͯõЦ̣˭õشĵЦ
سתһֻۣعͷȥ
ҺǴкų̽˳
źʳұ´֣ܡǻǸ˾ְĺá˵
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Ž㡣İѾӭסҵ֡
ÿµָָıİ¥ȥű
İתͷԹس˵С壬Һͽ¥ȥˡ
ǵԷس˵꣬ȥһ¥ȡ
ȥأװ˫ʪķЬܽİ¥

ҶССˢŷЬ۵㣬ϴ֮󣬽ббǽǡİˣʣΪʲôаȥ
Ҳ֪λشλ֪伲СΨתƻ⣺İ費Էô
İϵЦȻס֮£Ʋֵ˵ȥձˡ
ʣСһֱδ飿
İĵ˵ǰߵģ˵ҩãӳˡ
Ұο蹤æİҪ衣
İȴ˵СҲæȴʱʱ֡İüͷƸСˡ
سĺİһʱ
ǾİߵģһɡΪϰһ˵飬Żżȱϯ
İɫŻⲻ˳̸һ⼸꣬Сְһҡ
һǣϰļ£ΨйϽתʣ¥鷿Щ飬㶼öô
İգգۣһ룬˵ƶǶɡ
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İһȻɫڴϣȻ˵Ұ
ҵͷһ̧ͷʱѹЦݣʲô
Ұһˣǲ̫һİ˵
䲢޲ףҶУʼվù֣ҿʼʾ㣿һΣһ飿
İͷһɺءһѧӢķʷƿƶʦ̡͸¶ƣ
һûü˼ǹسǵİ
Ҵţس̽ͷԽİϣİ˵İԷˡ
İԹ¥ȥسȴһվԭ
кָ̣ĵ׷ЦվŲл˵ʶһеġ
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˵䣬ҵһ£޵ת˲šԼ糣˵֪ˡ
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ȴְ¿أ뿪Ϩ˵Ƶķ䣬߸ĨεĿЦ
£ʢֻỵ¡Ҳ޺޵룺سǣĵƬ

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ҿİֵģۣããáжʱӿһ̾šƫײ˫Цۣǹسעİ񣬴ŴȰ
Ȼδᣬ룬ӦǸɡ
һ룬һ󵨵ʣسѵİףسǣֲ
Ҳģ֪ĹضСŮ͵ʳǻϵĹӣ֮İĳЩԭ˷֣ӱؼҴߣؼҳӹûкӣǱİ
ϸһ£ƺ˵ͨȫûбҪΪ˸˵ŮԼĺӣسǽʮ꣬İȴѾʮ꣬Ѳɹسʮİ
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㡣İһֻСǰΡ
һعʲô£
áһʣգˮһ˫ۣڲӪںϲ޵⡣
˳˵룬ô꣬ǷڼӰӵ㡣˵ţ뿪λȥ绰ȥسǡ

߳ȥȵľͷĴǰҲͨĸ׵ֻ
ĸ׵ûãʣҪҪȥ㣿
æ˵ģгҵվ
£ĸʮ⣬˼ڱһ˫ֱóλ̫̫ʲô
¡ûɵرؼҵ˽
Ǳ߶ʱû죬һ̲ĸ˵ȻұЩ
ͨβĸ˵ţʹ¼ҼҴҵҲҪίԼ˵סŽͨ
ֲԵĺȥ
ڵһͨҪĵ绰˵Ρһ͸¶˷뽹Ȳ˵ˣе绰ֻཱུæ
Ц̫˽вŻֵ˷Сһ顣
תһسվԶĵطİȲδһյƣѹҾ¡
·һûô
ֻ˵ÿպİһ鷿Ҳá
á˵̧ţʣǸˣ
Ҵ𣺡ɫͷԼ򵥣֫֮ǡ
ЩҲǲ֪
֪ҲαҡҲ͡
ҹĵİ
һۣϸϵı飬Ǹоİĸס
֪Ǹĺӣң֪ഺ̷ķŮձ졣ԣȸŮ˼ɡָ˭ȶ˭е˼
˵άسƶ
ѹ²ͣ˵ֻڻش⡣
ȻˣСɷٻشһ⡣
سóҵָĿڻҡС㡱±ѡ
Ը֪
سʣ㲢ݲ룺˵ĳ䡣
ҷϵʮ롣
ҿĲ鲻Ըѵҿˣ
ЦԼɡ룺ֲۡ
Сĳҽ̣ڣԣô͸ԸίԼ
ȻģҶУֱ뼤ŭҡ
ȴƫƫ˳⣬϶Цݶ˵Ҳò㣬Ѿҵĵˡ
üҼ˵ҿԸ𰸡İСҲί෴ҾǼʮֺõĲ¡
سϺɫҿתһ룬ҺʱЦŶ˵ôʧˡ
ת߿




 14 

14

صİһӣسǲŴ߹¡İŲȥߣС˵費С˯ɡ
سǵͷǴӦˡ
һֱĬĬһԵĳȴͻȻ˵үҪæ˾ҪİС㣬Լµˡ
˵ȥˡسȴա
үүôʱİСꡣ
İգһ˫ȴĴ۾µؿֿسǡ
ȻոյĲ죬ҶԳ˵¥ȥ
ȴ˵ֻһҲһһЩ
ҷѣ̡ϰá
һźͰЦȥʹ˱㲻ܻӭȥ
ġҼͣëࡣ
Ǿ𴽽ǡ
̾Ψȥسʼնûκʾ⣬룺İ棬ױãϽܲڱǣűӡ
ʱͻȻңţŲ߳󣿡
ʮһҲ⣬ʲô
˼˵Ǹýѵˡ
ҵף˵Ľָʲôڳɳһ˫ɳϣҿ㿴һߵֶϵı顣
ʱûС˵
ǰس˵ү˾ôſŽһġ
òáæ̰֡
سȴһе˵ͷҿʲôʵѣ
תسǣ࿴ңɷмµʣСϲʲôſ
ֻҪ̫ϣ֮ڣҶԽܡҿЦ崺磬סسǡ
سǵס룬漴һ£ƫͷ˵СĻˣ˾ҪģҪôʵϰҪôְˣЩſͨͨϡ
ָ̽ҵ֣תͷĳض˵дĺô롪
ЦẈ̂ǵ׶Сĸʧܵľ̵ң곤νſԻף
סһʱ˵ЦųֶԳ˵͹ģҽ̫磬ںء

ص¥ķ䣬ţұţغһسǰһ̽סǣЦˡ
ܿƷһ룬ʱ˯¿㡣ǰ֮Ҳٴ˯ȹ
һ˾ڷֻһĵֱһб˵ڴϣ컨巢
ʶЩģգգ̧ۣ󣬿һʱ䣬ҾԹسǣʵǼѰȤ¡
𣬽ŴİŽ㣬ҿԽôҽ̳غá
Ȼԡֱ
İƿŽߵĴϡ㣬㲻ϲСôİҴӡ
̸ϲϲ
֣СһܽĻӭİ
еġ㡱Ӧǰμҽ̡ݸİأˣİϲ˭
İ⻰ˢúˡУǿɰ
ȴĵ˵һ䣺ϲ˼ң˼Ҳһϲҡ
أипڵĺӣǿЦȥİС֡һŶʱϲһˣҲֻǴˡ
ҵĻİһãȻ
ʶΪ޷ʶһ˵ڣòȡˣڵϲ˽ڣҲ֣ᷢʱϲֻĴˡ
İƶǶصͷң˽ڣ
ц˽ʼڹͨҳİգգۡ
İõĳͬŮ棬ҴӼһ㿴ͬŮ
İ¶Цݣ֪ˡܿ죬һѽģңǶԷľͷͨô죿
ûȤˣ
ʧЦһزסͷеģ硭İͣһ£˵磬
Ůĵײزס¡
ԭľͷ
İ˫ˢñ죬һ˵ֻǾٸӰˡ
һ˵֪
İȴŽֻͣǾٸӰˡ
Ҳÿɷתİ밢ʶ֪ͬУ
İ϶ҵĻ˵ĹвʱͷּȻ룬ںߡ
İĻ˽⵽ʶȥµУżΣ֮ʶ죬ֻǼ֮Եסһˣתһ룬ͦοʵĳȷŮ
İ˵ǴƿľͷҲŻع
ģձ졣Ц
С岢
Ц˵Ȼͬ졣
С㣬ѧ
ԣİûŲֻİŵ꣬ԣǻ˵ʲôɡ
İססҰ˵Ž㣬ĲϲС塣ΪʲôϲС壿ЩϲС塣
Щҵһϵûе¡ܲܶİ˵С塣
İŰɵؿҡ
ʣİϲɣȻôһҡŽ㡯ͼתע
İ˼رۣҲΪ⣬Թ˵ĿȰ˵ֻϲʲôΪأҲദ˽֮ͻı⣬ͨѡ
ĻһΪԶİһȻʧ
ԶںܶʱְֻˡҼİģֻסЦ⡣
һǵʮ꣬ͻȻһշԼϲ˰ϵӢĿδʹѼǲģԼǵõʱһԸ뷨ʱ̫ᣬ鵽棬ڱдԶϲ㡢Զ㡭
ٵʱǶ˵̫Զʱǻʶ磬ΪΧ¾ȫ硣
ϲһϲ԰ΣΪԶϲԶֻǾпڳ٣µѧУµѧ꣬һȻֻ֣һڼ٣ϲĸодֵǸӣ粻֪ʱӵĸ䡣
֮ʮꡢʮꡢʮ֣꣬ȴҲûйǷݻûʧŮ黳
ٵİɣʱĿ飬Ҫɳ
ʱһ룬Ů黳ʫĺվڶ԰İվڱ˰˵ҲֻǺ
İһ˫еҵۡ
һսʱ䵭
İ˼ĵ˵Ҷ԰ְ뿪ҵʱ޷ϰߣأҲͽǸʵ
İһͣʹѹ
İһۣݸ㣬һС塣У֪ΪΣʮʮǿջЦ
ҺȻ֣İӲἰؼҶϡԼʱͬҲɵؿʼİ
İֽİӵУıο




 15 

15

İĬĬӵļͷȴ֪γοסʣҶԣ԰İνġסûд档
δ֮ʣѾչҡңİĸףǲͬģһȹسǸӰԼŮ
Ǽɬ̣ۿʪֱģҾæĨȥۣһ˵İ·ϣ̫Ĳʧʹ֣ᷢ˸İοֻһʱʱֻܿԼȥ磽Ƶ
Ϊѹҽ𡱸ĿΪ𡱡ΪİȫҵĻһȴİ˵㣬׵ġ
ҳʣĶף
СҲ˵ƵĻ˵ܶʱܹģֻԼİ̾Ϣһ˳ɳ䷺볬Ĳɣ
İ£һʱ˵
ְֶҵĺãԶİ̧ЦĻԶǵá
ʱеġԶԶİҸ٣ĸף֤ĳɳһҳۡ
ЩաҲǹسǣûȻ⴫İĵ绰
İʣô
سǡšһֻֻֽݸİİӹȥһۣЦ߿
İ廽һ衱Զ´ţسǻվڷſڣΨеڡ
ţڿڣ˵ȴǣлл㡣
лң⡣
ллİ˵Щ
ʮֳϿҡҲ֪٣಻֪ұۣһνԳ³һ䣺ҷڵ¡˵ʲô
ɩǻ̸ͬͬ¡
ͬȻ㲻һݲƽԼνĴ֮¶෱
ݸиʽȽϺá
ݸȫû
Źس߿ҹغţְ±
ԡڴϵȴ磬أƣΪܾùسǶҲƣһҲɡ

ʱʵ磬˯⣬һΡɽľҲʼԼΡ
ΰѼ䣬⼱ĽŲţ㡣⴫İ
ۣڰһƬҵײײȥš
İţҵ˫ۣ㣬ǸˣǡǸڱȻʲô˷ֻһԴߣ
ãȻİ˭ˣһ䣬ĵ
ҵ±սۣԹİôͻȻơҵͷգ˼ۣӦͻİƹ⡣
˭ǡǸŮӶҪġǸİҡҡ
ҡһŻȻ򣺡İ˵¾һЩ̧ۣİͷǣŷİĴ۾ĹʣС˵ġ
ЩĴС֣ʯͻȻ뵽İǵһǸ
İסͷץסֱ۵Сֲѣϵ´´һ״˯ǵùЩ
ǵģ㣬ҡİһΪӡ
ôˣʱͨϣĸָҲ²ţͬ˵
ҡҡûޡİ˵һ仰
뵽һУҵɿûµģҪ˵˿̲ڼңİ֪޷İɡ
İҡͷ
ȥʳ̣һ֪İҡ
㣬ҡİһҪ޵ģͷ̧ͷҡ
ϸϸһۣڲ಻֪ʱһѪĺۼæһֳİҺܿһ¡
ӹмؿһۡ
˲Ͽӣ¥ȥó̵š
̴ţһʲô¡ҽİ¸۾¥
ĵƻţسǻδ˯£¥¥ʳʲô£Ҳ̽ʵת
سǰٽſڣ˵̣鷳ȥɩһ¡ټĲȻ
ȴܾĶ˭˭ַĸ˽ȨҲŲȥǼʱȥĿ졣
سǾûֻƵĿҡ飬ҵȻϾҲȥ룬һʱ֪˵ʲôá
Ȼţ鷳ͬһˡسңдſС
˼Լ˵һ·ų̽ҵķ䣬سԾֹ⡣
̸οİһԻ·ܿسǳš

سһ·ֳĬڳϵġડӺܿʻһЩ·Ρ
ŴĻ»貵磬ĵͻȻһֲʵĸоߵˣǰ磬ͨͨûдڸС
سǽһҶʮСʱ̵ſͣȡ
ȥƳţس˵һ¡תͷƿųȥһɡƹΪҴ򿪳š
ͷϵɡ棬һ˲ʧ
ҲΪɡΪұܵسסҵļ̵߽ꡣ
ӵڻУʶֱֱͦ塣һ̵̤ţֱƷܣΪİѡޡ
سۺɡĬĬ
ҿ׼ĳ֪ŮϵУܿѡã˵߰ɡ
һһбŵޣü˵Щô
İڵȡЦβ͡
سᡰİȻû˵ʲôԹȥǮҲʧЦسǵţİ
Ǯλ۵ؿ˵Ѻѽ
ǣǣǣ͵Ļûгڡس಻ûȤεЦЦ֡
سǸǮߡ

·ϣңոôͣ
һ£ոλҿ·˺Ľֵ˵Ϊİ˽͸ڵ£ȫûбҪ
û˵
˺һҲ˵һΣлл㡣
лҷڵ¡ǽΪİҵĵڶεл
Ůӣһգҵ˼ǡسͻȻЩ޴룬Ҳǳһ־費ҪͬİЩʲô統ĸΪ˰ο㣬˵ʲôڿԽİ֪
תͷסسǣһĳȲˣһӲˣ޴ģȻЩɰ
治ɣϹѧУΡ
֪İѧУûн̡
ұۣſģȥһὲЩʶİ֪֤˯
ǾͺãǾͺáسǲ˵ʲôſڽš
ҵȴɵİһעΪնһׯ֮ĸ׶ҵĽ̵İòϡ

ҹİҺ˯
İķ߳Ѿ뿪ֻйسһվſڣһյƵıڵƣĵҹȸ
İ˯ˡҶԹسǽһԡͬС
ţҺڡ֣ض˵仰ˣҷЩϰߡ
ҵЦΪ֪⻰ܵߵſڣǻһԻ˷
 
 



 16 

16

ԤȽӵسǵ֪ͨһصұ㱧סİϸظο
뿪ɳվ̫̫;ۣҪҪԵʲô
עİϣ˵̫鷳ֻȵࡣ˵İ¥
εվһĿĸŮ̾࣬ͣ˵ţ鲻Ҵ֣
ȻᡣȻڳ˳
ҪҰףõģܼ򵥡תͷ̣һƬ
ҪƬôʣ֣ôһġ
ɲƬࡣ̹ǻֵػңкƬУٴӳóɰעˮϵ硣
ἰʱҲ㲻ôϲӣұزȥ
˵ϴҶƬˡһҲһα鷳
ҲֻһЦϴõ׵ݵϡ̽ӹȥȻʣţүôһ˫͸ž۲ʱҵ
ҲȻرһëһ˵˵һλɹҵҡ
ʣʶ
˵ȻʶͬسǴʱҲʶѡ
һʱҼڿ˵ʶġ̳ЦЦ˵ǰμҽС㣬ҵûүͬ˵ʲô
æͣʲͷ˵ˣһտİġеףæȵ˵İС㡣
ȴ˵ĵĺӣ֪Щ۸ڶøԶŮö١һ㲻̶֪ǱᣬΨһζЦ

ాʱʱ䣬̵ȹسǻŽдҳԷ
Ĳϣس˳ɡ
ݸ˳ϵ
ͻȻسǿкͬ£ʻص¥ϵķ绰˵ǩͬ¡
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ȴЦҴС֣ƽԼóЩҵǩ˽˺ͬ͵С׬һʰɡ
ǲƽԼһǲǩˡһʱò⡣
ţԿʼ߿ҵǰ;һЩ˵ûǮ׬ҿ԰ϰ롣
ȫסԣֻɴĻǷԵ̫п롣˶Ա˴˵˽⣬ԶͣƬһ㣿
ţţôԽӵ绰һͷ
ڵģ˵ˣֻҪ̫֣һǩ
ҵĳŵȴ˵ţǩǮ㲻صģһ̫С
ԣﲢΪǮ֪ġ
ǣߡԴȤң֮ǵһĵƬһԴΪء
ĪؽͨҿЦãԺʱ˼һΣҶԲɣϣֻҵĴ
µһ¥ʦӡ
سǵɨһۣվ˵ţȥ̸̸ͬ¡ߵǰʾҸߡ
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ˡ˵ʵֻһݱ˫ԵȨĺͬ
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ҵͷóܳİС㡣
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سǵķڡסҵۣʵ֮ǰ¡
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ĻͿҵ͸ľʮԣǰμҽͼСעʹЩСϷòҪ˲ա
룬Ҷиˣһϯٿȷһ㣺н겻ơ
ܾãҶаԺơĸԲȥ¡
ҹշת֮ʣڰУͻȻЦ
ؼˣΪͳʽˡ
سǺưͲΪİһѾߣǰݡŮסǰݳһĻɩĸ

ڶ죬δȥ˾ûغͬңͬǹسǡѾϰͻȻ֡
һʽݵĺͬݳʮºͬڣ޷Щһעн꣬һ̫⵽ڻᾪϲ֡
ڿǩôΪֻֽʡ
س̽Ѳӡ
ôʧЦ룬㲻ø߿ңҲҪĸ߿
ƺҵķӦڲҪ˵ţóһһʽݵĺͬǩݡ
ҿһۣһںͬΪ£ѮͬнźҺɵ˵һ֧ʡ
һ룬̻⣬óһ֧ʵݸҡ
ںͬǩֵһ̣ұ֪ͬİ֮ս׺ĸڱʡ
һϦҳСߵĳѾߡ
˰ˣҲΪΪֵõ˲ŻЭңİɰֶ£һ°ɡ
ļգҴߣ˳ࡣ

Ŀԡ
˵£ЦţҪң벻𡣡˵Щζû˵ʲô
ֵǣȻûҹҹˣǲµѣնط˵ûС
ߣԸһݰµı
վûǲŵȳĿգ𱨡
İ棬Զĺ֣ҿȥԭĸչھţѹʱڱձ֮ر
պñֽûҵȵѾЩ֮ͣʣҺȻһĨϤӰӶ߹æƺ档
һԼۻĿת߹Ǹˡ߽ҰٷְȷһĲ
ԭһ̣Һܿȥһξ룬ҸĲ󡣸ߵԼ¥£ͣסŲȥóֻͨԵĵ绰
ԣһ£ͬ
ôţʲô£ҪԵĲɸֻҶó
ҹ飬һȥ㵱˵ɣ绰һʱὲ
绰ͷԼֻ˵ţһæ˵ɡ룬ĲӦѾš
æˣҵ²Сǲ
ͨѹ²ԸЦߡ
Ϧ£ҼԼӳڵϵӰѾЩģҶӰӼʧ񡣲ͬʱ̲ͬ£ǸˣڵϵӰȴܲͬ

صңǷݱַڲ輸ϡûƣһһܣĺɫµһУ˵ƻһзһİɫ
ĸ״δ飬ֻһȵ죬˸о䡣




 17 

17

ԭΪֻһǷѣҹĸ׾ҵ൱죬ĸѾδ׷ʲô£
ĸ׻ĺϻ֮һ壬Сĸ꣬ʮδ飬ս֡
һĸ׷ݺҼ¶ȥ⣬æ壬ʲô£ôȵ
룬岻ͬһûͷ˵鲻ã컹úõģʲô£
ϸһ£ʱȷʲôҲûз
壬Ϊĸ׻˯£һжϵױֲ˪˪ĸͻȻۣϬĿ⿴ҡ
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ĸסڡȥҪʲôȴһƿ
ôЩˣ㻹겻ɢĸ˵ҧгݣһʹ޵ɫĸǽҴϳ˱ˡ
裬סһֻ󣬡š
ĸ׽Ŵϸϸһɫ֪ϳˡ
裬ˣϢɡ˵ŷ¡
ĸһ˦ҵ֣һɫסҡҵһعĸ˵裬ңţŰ
֪ţĸ־һ㲻´ҵķȥ
衭Ҳ֪ĸΪ˷ϵþˣץסҵƵġ
ҵķĸײɿҵ֣Ϸһ飬ҿ
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Ǳķ棬ȫɫĸõҦҵǱ顣
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ĸ׵ײײ߳ȥס󣬿˯ȥҲϨͷյ̨ƻص
ʹҿžеԼȧϲƵƤЩϣԡʶʹԤһ״󡢷ϡ

ĸһߵڶվ֮󣬶ǰһֻһΣʲôǵá
ҵǣѲڼңҵǣҪȥİһҼ⸱һⲻһʡ
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̼ɴһ˫ۣ찡㣬ƽʱ֣Ե˲Ŀŵң˭㣿
æ˵ֻǲСײͷˡ
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٣˼٣Ҫȥ
һ̫̫˵ҪİСŵģţû˴㣿ȻҵĻ
ô˴ء˵ֻ˵ԺϵС١
ؼҰɡ˵
ĿУתߡ

ؼңȻУ⸱ӱĸ׼ˣһҪҾôһ¡ҿЦóֻͨԵĵ绰
ҹȥ˯
ֻͷһЦɵˣпա˵һҪæʱк㡣
˼⣬Ұ²һ֡
ˣϵЦŰ绰
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ƽֻͨҡ١¡˼Դźض˵ţǸոǩڵĺͬӰı֡
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ôðɣܼεǸɴࡣ
ֻȻվڹվͣͣߵĹʻʻ룬֪ȥһ
һֱվԭ֪˶ãֻ죬Ҳûҽʣ˭
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ҡšһǿ
İȥ㡣
Ҫæ˵ңû¡
İѽ
İҲڼҡҴĻȴ绰ͷİŽ㡣
İ
㲡úôΪʲôأﺬżֽ
İʣͻȻޡһǼƽ˵İټ
㣬ȥ㡣
㲻ڼԣңðһˡ

ҡڡѼҡ˵İ㻹£ɡ
绰ҿһ۱Ⱦٺɫʡ̫ɽˣѹֹվԽԽ࣬ҶŻؼһԼɡ
쳣㯾ɥмҲܹ顢ԲҡҪܿϰİŮ֤಻ϡҪȥģ
·ķĿĵߡż£졣ͻȻĽеˣһ·ٳö̡
߱룬ھҹĸ˯͵͵ҡӶá๾ࡱиֻͣѡһĿ͵⡣

һһͷ
شǰλӣżһ۴˺ͳ͵ѵ÷ŵĶǺ裬ϤǸе͵иֿʼ꣬ε઴ڴڡ
ϵԪϳҵĸ裬ʱڶУֻȻĸоֿ֮ͬҲŽĲǷȥĸ飬Ƕɬ۵ʱ⡣
һͷ˽һСʱһԵķƵƵעĿҲȥ
߳͵꣬Ҽһĺɫγһתһ룺ɫγ󶼳һӡ̾Ϣһתسǵ
վߵĵطĿ⾼ؿҡ
̫𾪣죬
ȿڣȰɡ
Ҽֲסҵұͷ㿪ߡ
ټ
̧ŸҪ뿪ȴس˵İ˵Ѽҡ
ҡôİ˵æ˵šǡһҵĻѻ
㡣
һ
ؼҡسظһ顣
ҷնҸɫһ˵鷳ˣϵûؼҵ·
Ҿ߿ûһֻȦס󣬶ϴسǼֵ㡣
ͼѣȴѲˣòǹڳ
ңķߡ
֣֣ҵͺЩŭ
ͣתҳûֻ֡˳ؼҡ˵ǰƴŹƻ
ҿкġ
Ȼ˵ͻȻıˣȥ
ллĲҪһڣҳɹӦģĵ˿˿ղʧʲ
ߵĹվһϵıŵӶ̾Ϣĸ˯ʱкܳһʱ䡣
ͻȻѾܾûȥҹĽĹ԰ѡղײգϸϸ𹫽ϵ·

ϹֱĵĽĹ԰
;̵档;Ʒïͣ£ϵλ´롣ۼĳϣͻȻһ




 18 

18

һ·Ҷ㲥ﱨվ´վһվĹ԰ֱ
Ҳû뵽һ³ӳǹسŰٿ
˵ɡ
÷û˵治ɡ
סŸԣɡȴޡɡľϲ
ԭס˵ס΢
ֻһסķӡģϵɫǵġ
ҹĹ԰ʡ
һ漴ݸ֪ôһֱж
꣬ˬʵЦ
ЦʲôƣҵĻ˺Ц
Цݣһض˵Ҳûʲô
ҵͷЦԼټ֡ԹسǵͼǷѶԿĵá
кȻܵ˵Ļҿ㲻ˡЩŮѧǼسǼֳɫ֮ͣƤʹЩСϷɦŪˡ֪νʵḭ
Ļһˮʹࡣŷ֪Ѿسһ߽԰
ͣסŲͣ£תʣôˣ
Լˣ˵꣬԰ȥ
·Ӱ´Щֵ죬ǶڰۡĿбǰߡ
ڹ԰С·Եĳҳһĺۡ
һ˫ϥڳϣõϥͷϡԴһƬң˼룬Ұ˼⣬ĵʲôþ
ĸͬϵĸסͬĲǼҵŮ˶ϰ̣ǲ˵ʲʲô룺ǷӦҸʱ̸ֱͬһ̸ۿ˳ڸԵв԰Σε֪Դ

ȧϵ׺ۣӹһ˿⡣ȥԽԽأҪƽʹ㣬
ĬĬһøᣬӣվתͷسǾڲԶվš
ǽδżࣱ̫֪Ƿһ·βңؿһʱĵӿһɻ
Һ㲻żҲδԼˣԣǳƽ˰ɡسδһ˿һֻڳһʵ
£ڼߡδɵۿʪ㣬ңƽߡɵˣοʹҸеѿ
سߵǰͻȻÿһķ㿪ָұ˵ȧǣҴף
ײ˵۾ֱҵۣƺϧ
ƫͷ㿪֣Ĩһᣬۣɵ̫⣬Сıײһʹ
سڰеֺֻȻǰ̧ҵ°ͣʢң˭㶯֣ӣ
˭Ҳǣû˶Ҷ֣ұμǵӡ
ΪʲôҪάڣ㲻ʲô
ӹسǵһ棬ҵЦûάȻ࣬ȫûҪҿͬİһûһˮģûô
سǲҵĻִʣǲɫѾòôÿ
˵ֻǲСײ÷Æ£Ϊ˭ҵļ໤˻ҵĳҺ
سǲ˦ȥѰ԰ĳڡ
ȻǲСģΪʲôһؼң
سǳʻҲͣסŲȫˣҵͷ̲סǰľȫȻģ˼ƮԶȥ

Ҫ˵ʲôĸģȻΪĸ׶ҲƣʵˣȥҪ˵ʲôһֱ˿ǿ
һǵãʱ̸ͻȻһղ֪ؿϣؿң˵һ仰Ǿ仰¡ţȻûйסʱףв֪λӦֻ¶ãȻؿ
²ãǿȫΪҿ
֮ѧҽӦؿʱ˽⵽ԭ׶ͥСУǿĴʡ
ʵȴǣҴδԼʹΪѵʱಢδƵ뷨
ĸ״ƴҵ׶ΣǺæ̫ΣһĬĬǰԷԹżһףиͬԷҲ̫įǡ
ʱȻй㽣ȴʧδĺôһޣ޹ʧ䡣
ǵ֮ʱʱĸױڻУ˵˫֮һҶΪ谮Сȱıǰ
ֻǣÿһӰСұ㰵ģԭǸİĸ׵ˣ

ֱسĳҲŻع񣬾÷·С
ո˵治ȫҸطףΪ̫棬Ұ˵һ仰֪㱻һ·ǣ
ʻ·ʹسǣղڿЦɡ
òӦܾԼ쳣侲³ͣ֡
سɲ
ҡ͡һЦƵʲô˼㰮ķģҪʧˣΪҸ顣
ִⲻңҵƣҼûȤߡһͷ⡣
ӺܿʻһСͣҼسƿ˳ſ˳
˳ͷҲصתͷ߿ͻȻ֪ǹسǣ̧ͷŭĿӡ
ſң
ȴȻǯסҵļ
ƽҵŭЦ˵㣿ǼʶʲôѱȻǺ˵Ҳҽáϰɡ
ãʾøһͷ͵ѣ˵Ȼˣ߹˺αֻͬõ˾壬ˣҲ۲Ϊ
ҿǿ⿴˵ĳ嶯ȴ䣬´ûʲôˣʲôίȫΪΪΪͷҿԼ޴ɣ
ȫˡҵͬһϵûС㲻𡣸µȷûʲôˡ㣬ͬ㿴һ¡ҿŹسǣЦԷǣȴͻȻǹҵģĵײӿһů⡣
سǵֽץҵļҿһ֣Ų治У
Ұ죬ɿ֣ңôһ£㲻һؼңѵ
˵ҲСײģҪؼң
سȴȻ˵ĸµ֣
ҽЦô˵Ҹµ֣
һ㶣ܿ˵˵ĸͬףҡͣһ£۾һ˲˲ض˵ıѽˡ




 19 

19

˵ıѽһ̣ҺȻй
еؿң˵ȥס⣬ұ֤˴㡣
óĹңƣܵҲΪʲôôáһ߸ϣ
˵űǣҵ֡
ұһֹæֶ㿪֡
ȴ˵İĻرǵôܵһûڣİºѶɹһ֪ʾҡ
ҵͷЬ⣬εĻȣԭǻйĽҸ̸Ȼǻر֤ȥף
ܾңȻԡӦ֪һְҵߡ
ҵȻԸǹԹԸ˵ݡ˵ǴңΪеġߡʹԣʹҼҴʱ

ֹ۵룬翴סĵطǷѰһЩ˿˼̤سǵס
¿أ۵ɫֻһ㣬컨ǶһȦȦĵƳأ͵ݻ
ǴҴ²ιһ£ҽһҾʮּ򵥵ķ䡣
סķ䡣ųһۿϴֳǽϵһ澵ӡסһϵѹҪӡ
ȥس˵žң࿴žе
Ѿʹˡ˵ֹ
ˡҿž˵
úϢղ˴㡣
ʣô
ȴʣ㲻ң
ҼеԼǺףæͷϽţֻʡ
ʣһסô
ᡣҴʮָɴࡣ
ǹسһߣұνơټİķֻһôܲ£
ԡȵʪȫɣۼͷܿ˯ȥ

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ҼѵƤһۿɫ˫رɴʧЦҲãӱɱ׵⻽ѡ
һǵĲͣȴҳ¡һʱ̣شá
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鷿ͬδ߽ȥվǰ۵ļкרҵ鼮ȴ첻֡
һ̽˽ĺûᣬȴȴˡ
صسڳɳϣ̧ͷҡײһԭشؿ
ôʡ
Һ΢ŵ죬ģ˵û뵽˵꣬־òԾⱾĵطǸĿڣΪæԽ˵ԽòԾǼ򵥵ļ֣ϳȴ˵档
ǣ𴽽ǣڶ˵ҽܺá
ڿʲôʣָҵ֡
ץű飬˵һûӪС˵Ǵҵס
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һĵĵ¡۵ҡ
ʲô
Լࣺһĵĵİ¡
סſЦȻʮһ档ɨϵʳʯȻģ

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Ϊͼʱ̣ܶҳԵò࣬سθںܺãҾͻȻ̧ۣҵײϡ
ÿһ˫ۣĵ׷̾漴εصͷֻװϢ
ʰи䷹ɳ˵ţʾߵλá
߹ȥһҩࡣķ𵽶ҵĶ£ҽֱżһֱֱš
ɫİ͸ҩʳָϣͿĨȧǵĻᡣ
ͿҩȧǣһƬʹҵһҧһܿ죬ָе˿˿ܶ࣬źһ
سջ֣һϺĽɫһҩݵϣҿ˵
˵лл
˵ô
û˵
չӣɫȧǣáڹسǰҵû̫಻ڡҲвɵĺô֮䣬»³󣬶ҵȫûָо
æ깤ͻ
һˡҲģسǶҵ̬ȣʱ롢ʱػʵͷԡ

ʮӣΪûԿףԲҳţŶһĵСʱǰˣеĳ裬ֻпȪˮ
ҿʼӵĲи䷹һеʱ̣ǻӵĶ
ɳ￴ţڵȻعسǣһɫų졢΢Ĺسǡ
ʳǸض˵ʱ£ҪȾˡ
˵꽫ӵݵϣҽӹȥڲǰĲɾ׽ſеʳ
ҲʱܸеעӵĿ⣬תȥȴسɳӡѵֻҵĴ
Ա㣬һһȴ߽һȻ˯ˡٴλ
ۣһ󣬡㣿ָҵա
ѣţҪϴˡÿյֽ֣֪˭
سǿвҴսһʮֺЦƸظҵ֣ššš
ĵٴӿһů⣬ҳطسǡ
Ҽϵֱѹ˴ҼϣӲŷԷķȥ
ҵ֣ȴ鵽Ϊʲô顣˵ǲǵԼЩʲô̹ʹŮС
תƿţ
ǰСطɿֱۣŵپɣתȥĹسǲۣ˫ҵ
Ķʧ˵ڹسϣδűĳ£ҵǰϴǿ
һ̣ҵС¹ײͻȻˡ




 20 

20

ĻһҺȻѣ֧ܿ뿪ůš
سȴȻסҵĲţԭһֱôÿǰŴ
ҵ¼ÿҪ޳ѽ㿴ƬȴסδڵĻ
ԼѵϾ˵ļշתⲢξܣǲſ
һѸٶͻȻطɵɵʧȥһ˼
೤ǹڷſңȱͷļͷڴڵغ˫۽ӵңþ
֧س棬ʧЦѺȥܹ̾Ϣһȥƿ󽻲֣ȴôҲֱ۷յø
üͷһָüġչüͷֱҲŷЩ
ȻƵӵڻһƷıʧ͵Ĳ
ҪܾãҲſ¶뿪Ļ
ֻһ⡣
˯ǰԼ˵

һ±ָسǸҵҩʮּЧ˴ס˷ܵ´ȥվӡ
ֻеԼһϺɫ࣬ͷҲڲס
Ѿˣһؼҵӡ
ֻԵĺ룬޷ͨ
һ·ʰñԤ뿪մ򿪷ţȴسǶͷʪķԡ۴߳
ҵط̡
װЩ⣬ָܿ糣ɫڶ˵ûãٶסպˡ
ʵھòڡҴۣ˵ˣؼҡ
˵ţͻȻ죬سʾҲҪȥšѸٶ˽
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ô֪ǹسǵȻġġû¶ȵ
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Ҳûңϴκòڡ󡯼ˣҪ粻죬֪֪˼ҡ
ѣ׿ʦʹ˺ܶƽĽġ
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ʱسԡۣյĺûᡣַֻ£пյغܡİܲö֮ߵǰ˵ɷΪλգ
ʹҿϣ׿ʦϣسҲϡ
׿ʦسǵȴ䡣
Ϊһĺ£ȥã˦
ʦ㡣жԼ˵⣬ǾǸʵΡ
׿ʦ㣬سҵš
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ûϵһسһ㶡ƿߡ
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ҹ򶨵˵ûӣֻؼҡûлͷֻǿǰ룺ո׿ʦ㿪ţΪʲôҴ򲻿ЦԼĳٶۣ˼Ҳ֪˶ٻء
˵㡪
Ļˣ鷳ϵ·
˵಻ٳһʱüĺ
ݵĽֹ޵һ̾ϢȻһֻ޳֣׾ٴ˵ʲôҵ绰ܽᣬƮʮңԶ
ҲͷҲصƿһ֮Լ˵ʲôҪʲôþǰ֮ǰҺοҪһֻ˻ķɶꡣ

̤¥ұ㱻˽ס
׿ʦɫܳ̽ͷһ֣Ҽϼһ֧̣¶һ̻ҡ
ǿԼһĨЦҲȥʦ㡣
ţ㣡ô⣿Ϩϵ̣һ棬·ˡ
Ҳѳѣͬѧ֪Ҵ˼߳²߳ƬС
Ŷͬѧס׿ʦۣԲҵĻ
ҸĿ˵¥ŷ֣ԭҸַˡ
ֲá׿ʦǷģסҵһߵʣô˳ӣǳʲô£
ҲСײġ
찡׿ʦŵߣŮжҪţԺҪСĵ㰡
ʹǹģҶУѱô̶
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·׿ʦͻȻпʱǿ죬ոѧձᣬղ֪Ļ
ɲǣʱ䲻ˣӴĵشŻ
Ȼʣת㶼ҪҵˣʲôûУ
ʦҲû
ңûĹԶӴһЩ߲εˣҲЩ
׿ʦİҵĻǶ˵ɽ
׿ʦЦţͬ˵Ȥ˵޴־־ֱǶУ˵־Զֲáѹһֱ˵иߵСá

Цԭģҵǵһ˵
ߣãֻ֪һ˵һܼӰ
ĸ׵Ϊ˼飬ǸˡأҶõҶƶǶ֮ʱĸױʱҵۣҪϸˮƽƽ档
Сĸ˵ʦɣͬӴ򽻵ûʲôãȶмڣŮְҵҲżҡ
ֻΪڡ֣ұ㿪ʼĶ
֪ĸʦרҵΪʲôʦ𣺡ʱ򲻶£ߴ·ҪͷŷҲزȥˣͷ·ôߵġ
ǣݼʵ֡
ʵϣҶĸ׵ļκεĲĸ׵ķ𣬶ԱѧУ浾ԵõʦһʦЩ




 21 

21

ӵĿĵأ׿ʦͣ³תͷֹؿҡ˵ţ㡭ȴ˵ȥ
Ҿ֣ѵ֪سʶģ
ȴ˵࿪˶ǣʵûбҪһ
һķ𣬲صһָ˭Ҿסɫ˵Ҳ룬ҵĻ
׿ʦ㳤̾һ˵ôǶȰȰɣǱϾһˣ˵Ҳֵ̫Ҳ֪ΪǶĲӺʹҶԶˡ
ôԵûиԶҡҼѹеľȡ
ţ㲻طңҶԺá
ʦˣҲǷ㣬ҲûޡϣԸҵġ̾ʵϣһֱҡ
ȻˣҲֻˡ׿ʦһΣҿóĹԡ

׿ʦȥֽǵĿ͵˷ʹȥԡӦšվſڣš
죡ԾеڴŴ򿪡
ţ˵
СײġҲ߽ȥ
㡪һסңֹҼߡ
ͣʣҪҳȥôһ仰ߡ
֪ˡԿң̾Ϣһɿ֡
߽ȥͷڿС輸ϣһ㲻һĶ̿㡢С߳Ĳ
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ĬؼĬš
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Խסҵ֣гм





 22 

22

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ĸ׽Ŀ𴦣Ʋض˵˵ʲôʲôɡ




 23 

23

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ЦЦؿǰţ棬ԶĽŲ




 24 

24

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 25 

25

ͣҲۣŴķ䣬ٿóֻͨԵĵ绰Ȼ˵ţϰࡣ
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ϵǮ˵ϴôǮȫɡ
ҽǮһţƤȦԣһպǮ
šĲһʱ䲻֪롣
һҪֲ׼˵ȥǮһȡġ
ĲǮƵǰ˵ҲҪǮ
˭˵ҵģǮϣȻġ
֪һֱּǮ裬ǮĲΪѵؿ֣Һһ󲽣úչԡͷҲص̧뿪ˡ
Ĳţлл㡣ûлͷ˵ټ
ôһ£ĸͬ裬վǲԵġԵ̬ʵ̫
ͻȻط֣ҾȻһ˶ûС

һ·ͷǰߣͻȻײһҸˡ
Բ𡣡ҵǸƹǰˣȴһҾһȴס졣ţ˵ţҡ
Ҿֵ̧ͷǹسǣڷظһôˡĪϲȴϲǿѹĵס
˫۾סң˵أ
Ķѣֻǵ˵Ҳ֪ҲҪ֪ҸӲ֪ΪʲôҪһ
£سǶоǾᡣ
Ҷ˵ԺҪˡ
⻰ʲô˼΢΢ɫ
˵ǣ˽²Ҫټˣǰһǹİļҽʦ˿ҿ
سʣţ׷ʲô£˵ǿһԡ
ҿʼҵҴûмϵĸף˵ǸӡͬʱͬһѾʮ꣬ΪŮͬ飬ȴڻ֪£費ҳϡҲ֪˵ʲô֮Ҳصĸޡ
ȻΪԭҪԶȷҲһ
ҵĻ˵ĸײͬҺ㸸ҲͬǺȫ¡ңǷֿҲбԭţ㲻ܽͬһŶۣ㲻ƽҸƽ
Ҫ̸ƽĸŮδƽԴ
ң㲻ԭ㸸ף
ҵ˵֮ͬ¡ͬ涼ûչ޸ԣ̸ԭԭ¡
سһֵֺңû뵽룬ǱϾ㸸ףϾš
㲻ҡҴϹسǣҲҪҡ
ţֻĽڰɡҲ֪ʲô£֪Ϊʲôǵĸûġ
ֻǵغˣǸʺϣǿһû˼Ȼα˷Ѵҵʱ͸顣ûң㻹кܶ࡮ˡ
Ϊ׿ݵ£ҿķеŮ˶ٶ᲻̶ͬȵСѾ˱飬پҡڱŮˣԲС
Ц˵Ϊ㶼򷢺ˣسȫɫЦɣǴ˵ֶζһΪǮֲһС
˵֪鲻ãҿԲͬƽϡ
ȴ飺ôƽϣҲģ̇Ҫ߿ȴסֱۡ
ңȻˣΪʲôֱӾܾң
ЦΪĳ֣ҵģ
ţⲻĻ
ҪΪ˽ҡЦԵĶ˵Ļ˵˽٣˽٣
ˮգ˵ĻҪڣسǶҵꡣſҵ󣬴߿
վԭظԼһҪͷ

˯ǰԺзǹسǾ仰ˮգ㲻Ҫڣ컨Цڣ֪ҽӽĶ֪ڵĻ˭




 26 

26

գħƵȫְҵжӣפƽöĿ͵
ǸӢն°࣬Ƭ˵ĶԽأ˵۽üҲѿһĬ档
ҿƬԣ˭أܾԿЩƬʱ˸
ӦҲλʵȻνӽɫռ汸ĴˡԿ⽫ɫռ汸ĸ˵رء
ƵؿԣſϣҲϲ
԰һۣСһ˵ΪʲôҪϲŮˣ
ҵɹšƯѣŮԡ
ֱۣûض˵ţ˵ŮԲ
֣㾹ϲǶҵŮԣӦϧô
˵˭ͬһƽʻϧ
ʻɻؿԣ˵
ͻȻĵɫ赭дʱԼƯ¡
ҳһָƬϵԣļˣ
Ȼǣƶų޷һǰͺ̵Ļ֮
һȻҹȻˡ
ɲǣԹŲӢۡѹ˹ءһӣŲ
һģұúǺֱЦԣ˲ˣͻȻ𣬽壬ԽһҴҴҸϻؼңʰȥ̻ͬϡ
һ棬ȴңҩܹðɡ
Ȼ֪ʣʲôҩࣿ
̴ҵۣŶûʲôүҩ࣬ΪҪøãǡ
ôܣͬô졣һ죬׹ԭǹҩǹس̵Ҫġ
̰ŰɵִҼۣűȥϵƷ
Źﳵڳߣһʣţĸô
ʶ裿̵ֱĻЩ֣ȴ˵֡
ȴ˵Ȼʶʹˣʲôʲô֡
˵ܺá
̽ң˵㸸ĸһֿˡ
ȷ벻ͨΪʲôǶ֪Ҹĸ׷ֿ£Ҳǵжκһ˵룬ΨһĴ𰸱ǣǵҡ
ʣ㸸׹ϵΣ
ҲǸˣֻ赭д˵ûǸˡ
˼Ȼ˵ĵĸס
ʱûи飬Ȼ׸ᣬãǵң಻ǿջЦ
̿һۣû˵ʲôһϧִÿҲİ

İڼңֻҺͳˣûж˵ʲôұ֪ǲӦ֪¡
Թڿӡڲһ磺ƶŮǡǡյŮǡǡĸ˾һϷ
˵߰ɣ뿪
Ů˵Ͼҵɷ򡭡
ʱ֣һԹŮ
ŮǸߣɿ𣺡˵һ࣬㿴Ȼϡ
ǣ˼ܼ֪ܼͨͨϷ֪ŮǱ廨ûһƱߴߴò롣
̿ýζѹزˣʮϷյıʧסǷĳ嶯
Ȼ졣İЩ˺ü١Ů̫Ů۸֪̫ûϢ˼˵һٴβ㣬Ůǻ٣Զǻϲ˵٣ǸûԵǣ˼˵ʲôʲôǴ㣡
̹Ц֮ǰõİĻ׸ܡ
ҵɿİҵľȱٲ治֪Ҫǿõľ
İվתЦݽϣسͬĸŮһһڡ
㡣İߡ
С㣬
ݸسһĮȻس΢΢ףȫ֮ǰġ
ʩʩȻߵǰɫ˵ţԺҹ̫̫üۼһɷڣһ崺ӡ
ã̫̫ҵһʱĿڣسעĵЦ̫̫İɲһˡ
һЦİС˵ûԱȷݵü٣ͬһЩʮϷ˾ûӱȣϷǿˡʹˣҹһطˡ
ɫѵñѿ
δΣҸæͷİֻİЦǹ̵

ұİǣ˶¥
İҷţ˷ܵض˵Ž㣬һ¡
ҿİЩ֣£Զ˵ܵ£ǲҪҵĺá
İգˮĴ۾ͷҵĻ¶ɫǣԼû⡣
֮ʣİ˵һλﲻ⶯ҡѵͬһĵǸˣҾš
ܺãҲֻҰְ֣ҡ
ϲô˵һ¡
Һ軹СһҲǺܺõģҪ໥ϲС岻ǸӺʡְߺСһֱ
ͻȻ޷İ˵
İ£Ҫ˼㰮裬ϣҸô뷨
Ҳ֪㣬ѵҺС廹İ㯵ؿҡ
Ҹ㯡İеĲ˭سǣʹҲòͬس֮Ĺϵɡ
㣬ôİҡҵֱۡ
İֻ˵ҵҵһԸչϲˣһܸˡΪҪ飬㲻˼ĸܣǲԵġ
һľİȻʣ˵λϲꡣҷżר̻ңǡİţͣ¡
ĵһˣɼĶԴĸŮ
šİ˼һ󣬡ʵҵһҲǣϲС塣㣬ôźãİ
İǵãԶ޷ΪԼ
죬⻽İ
ţδɫ泤ȹͬһװĹسվһһˡ
̫̫
һ䣬سȻɫһܺõӣİ뿪س棬Ҫͬ˵İ¡
Ȼسǿңҽȥ
Ҳתкָ̣
šسǵ˵վԶĵط
վŲ
ȻߵǰֽһߣһֻѸٹϸոķš
֣ѵǷһʵʱһʵĵط
ȴ˵ţ㻹ʲô
ֻ֪ںۣѽ˯ߡķңȥץ֣䲻ӱסȴܷ
֪һǹģ




 27 

27

İС㡢ǹ̫̫档Ҳĳ֮Σ
ȴض˵Ҹκ֪ǵĹϵ
سǣ㲻Ҫң֮ûκιϵҳ£֪Դ֮ǰҴˣԽ
㣿ɻʡ
ҾԼʧԣ˵ʲôһʱ侲ؿ£Ұ͵͵һ亹Ŀڵİе㼫ܻӭ֮ǰİбļҽʦô
ԣΪȡ֣ȻЦ
ƽ˵ûȡ֣һǲľ
سǰҵļ磬ֱֱסң˵ţ㿴ңҲҿ˵һ顣
ҵͷȥƿҼϵ֣ǲʺһȥұ˰ɡ
ϢĳĬҲκƣ˵鲻Ҫ˵
ɩ֪һ𡭡سֹĮȴԲơ
سǣ㲻Ҫ̫֣֮Σ
⻰ӦҶ˵ţ㲻Ҫ̫֣ѵĵǵĸǶϷ
Ц飿ʲô飿ǲʶãûһ£ĸ飿Ҫ̧ˡ
سȴ侲ض˵ģҶʶ˽⣬ԱеҪࡣ
ҹ򶨵ʣôһսԲ鰢Բ׿ݣȻԲҡ
˵ֻҷʲô£
ҡΪȻܶ˵Ե£Ψ˵Ϊ鲻ר㻨ģҾԲϲˡ
ڵͷҶ˵ţʱ䣬һҸĹۡ
Ȼŵ̬һʱӦһ㣬ҾҪʱ䡱ĻǰҸն˵Ҷĳŵʱ˵˽⣬ԭֻĸ֣˰֪㡣
뵽ҶԵĳŵҲעҪʧˡֻܶ˵Ҳ˷ʱ䡣
ȴ˵Ҳʱ䣬ҳ顣
Ҳͬ⡣Һд档
£ͲҪܾ
̧ۣһصģҶʱԻˣΪʲôңôϲң
㿴ǶҪʱһЩ¡˴˵˽پǷʺϡİعؼҴգҲһȥɡ
Ҳ
ҵĻţҪ˵
衪
⣬ĸܻС
ҵһ˵ܵ
Ҷߣͻȴ˵ֻʱ򣬲Ҫ֡
Ҳ⣬ãȻƫͷŹسǣҲֵ˼
ֵֵãҵ¡
ǿӲ̬ȼңػһ䣺ô첻飬Ҳֻҡһδ꣬Ȼҵǰһǡ
سǣ˲
ǡͣһֱۣϢɡ
֮Σ
ٴһ㡣ЦңЦúò⡣
ܻȥšվΪԾ۾ֻ̧ڰСæһ̫̫
سŵؾ߿
㡪ûңȥ׷سǡ

ʱݱ䵽Ҫ˵ĵزһˣʧߡʼ졣
峿ٴϴ¥Ҫš̶˵İС̫̫ͬϲŻ
ûʲôԹԸųһȥˡ
˲˻̱ڿӱɨļԱİ鷿˽һ磬ֻпڿʵʱųˮȡ
Թ緹˯顢һձֱҶɹ
ɳ̿ǲ硣ֻ̵ļֵ̡ļ֡Ū˵ļŪˡɱεļɱΡ
ң޾ɵ⣬ŹǷ
̰ʱط˯һˡҿſֻӣ˼ǷҪİ
죬תͷȥǡˡһλ
ڼİеĲͬʱ֤ʵͬͬһˡ
߽˵á֣صһֻ֡
΢죬ǸæܵԶţİļҽ̡ţǹؼҵ
áҳͬһ

λ趼δһڱˡһΪڳǵա
İգۣȻ˵ţô⣿
̫̫Ķʱæȥسǡ
šٴλңǵ¥ʰĶ
ʰ˼ǣҪһؼôֹס
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سǻҵ˸ߵ¡
漴ݸǻᵽؼլȥסҪȻؼҵҵ绰س̸ͬôãԭû˵ҪȻؼҵ¡
ԭҵͷ͵͵ɹسһۣȴ𴽽ǳЦ
һ۴ɫ˵Ѿˣ߰ɡ
سȴʱ˵˳·ˡ
ɵؿʣæ˵鷳ˣԼߡ
سǿһۣ˵İһ죬˳İ
꣬˵ţʰһ£س㣬һȥ
ҿЦʮǿ

ûлԷǸҵķ䣬վſڿʰұϱȴûÿ
´һסҵ۾˵ʵڲ֪õʲô취ùسĸԸΪ˵ţϣ㲻Ҫ˵ĻҲϣٳ֮ǰƵġ¼Ӱ쵽İķչ
̫̫Ҳ˵ʲôͬ죬㲻ý
һۣ˵СŮ˭첻졣
Ҿǿرۣ˵ֻ̫̫֪ҽʦġ
ȻЦţҸҸ档ҷʲôףȨֹͬݺͬ˹أԼΪ֮ҲòȰ㣬ЩŮһЩŮˣ޷ǹسĴʱŷһǣţҵ㣬ϵıĶ¶Ҫҿ㡣
˵꣬޺޵صһ̧ۣŻط
šʣĻѾۿۡǹسǵĴɩȴһִ·ǹ̫̫سǵ̫̫
ǹسǶİֻԹسǣֻİԹسǣ֮жԵ̫΢޷ȥ롣
 
 



 28 

лҪ˵ʹһ׸裬ŶԹسǵŶ

28

ӲʻڽֵϣĽ־һֱİšʻһҵڿԾǻҼҵ·תڼݳĹسǡ
ⲻǻҼҵ·Ҫȥ
Ӧ˵ڻؼңƽ׸ĸ״ȥš
˿š˵һָֻǰһļ͸ֻһźҩ
ȴЦ˵ҶҪҵҡ
ұȥȴĵ̾ϢҵسҲֵҵĿգȴƫƫǣ
Բ𡣡ҵ͵͵˵˵Ҳʶ˵ĵ׻
һֻҵ֣ض˵Ҫ˵Բ𣬲ʲô£ȥġ
ʱ˵ůĻĻҸеġʲŵĻȴͻȻƶͷµһˮҡ
ĿҲźۼس֡

ͣҵһԢ¥ǰ
سǵסȽĻ԰ǼҼҸһЩҾʮּ򵥣óס
ԺסԿס˵ţһԿ׵ݵϡ
ʶ֣ߵǰŴ޺˸磬Է̾Ұã
ߵһֻ̯Կ׷ҵġ
˵ҪģҪң绰ͺãҲҪԿסͼ֣سȴסҵֲſ
ֻǿ˵ҪģԺԽü棬ֱͺãЩҲһЩ
سУǰԿףЦŶ˵ֿʱ򣬿Ҫǵջء
ֱ۽ӵ뻳УҶ˵СŤͻȻʱһǿԾֹʧΪһ¡
Ҳɵ̾ϢʼԺĲ
Ȼ˵֪֪ʱ̾
ȡЦΪԳ˵һǸˣǲʶá
Ҳգֻǿҵӳڲϵ˵õѾˡ
ҵĺıҿӳڲϵʣĻôã㲻ƭҰɡ
Լãһ죬£Ҹ£Ǳ˴̹ס
Ըôһ졣
Ȼس˵ɷ£ȴһ㲻Ļ
ԼǰԱҹسʱþӹ⣬ֱѧҵŻرУִδţʹżУôͬͨŮн
š
ȡ
Ϊʲôܾأϣˡ
һض˵ȷʵˡ
Ҵӻһξ룬ҵ˵żҲ룬ͬЩСŮһߴߴһ᲻ϲ㡣
Ĵ˽ҡʵͬûʲôֻͬδ㷢ְˡ
룿ûʲôͬҺ֮ӣҲҲһ
꣬ȡЦ˲Ҫ̫̰ģƫƫҪԡ
ң˵˸̡̫
ʲô֪ЩʲôҲȷЦÿ֣˵˯
סҵ֣ȥ

ҿŹسǿļ򣬺˵Ϊ̰ĵʱȴ̵ֻʱ
سǽҴһ䷿Ҷ˵˯ˡȥ
ȴ˵첻ߡ
ҷܵ˵
ȴΪȴӦҡ
ƲֻΥĵ˵߲ߣúܣȥ
سʧЦһ˵ǰʧ
ϵ˵ǰǰ˭ôӦöĮ飬ȥ㡣
ͻȻʡϲôҶĮʱûң
һ룬˵ʱǸ߸ϣҽյѶϢǣ˵ȣ𿿽
һֱңسɫί
ЦŽһƳȥ漴Žϣ߿ŵ͵͵Ц
Զ֪ʵʮֺ£¶ϲѾҵ
˯ǰȻûȥ죬ҲҲڴ˹ҹǣͬʲôϵأ
ҹ꣬ҷһֳ˯ȥ

򿪴еϢ˿˿洵ˬ鲻Խ̽ͷڴڵغһʿ
ϴһ˯£ñƿŸո߳ȥȴ˯۵Ĺسǣڿһݱֽ
ؿ㲻ϰࣿ
㡣سǷ±ֽЦЦؿ˵ţʳˡ
ߵǰӸµؿû˵ô˭ұƵڿ˵ʱ䣬ȴǸûʱ¡
ʲô
롪Ȼܸȥԣֻ˵֮ѵҪҹһҵĿֹصȴⲻϲġӲҪġ
±ֽȴûжʣȻǣȥߣ
ˡҿոıֽƵ˵
ȥߣòã
ҲΪҲ뵢Ĺ
վߵǰͷңţ㵽ҪôŻ˵ã
һΣҲ㣬̧ͷĺ۾˵ΪʲôǲףҸҪʲôҸһ𣡡
سؿʣţ㵽ôˣǲǺúõģ
ҹ˵˭úͬҪЮңڵǰûһ̫ƽˡ
ˣһӿ
ͫھ֮ڻָƽҸŰһ
ޱؿңض˵ȻӦߣԺҲҪϲҪЮҾͰϲ˰ɣ
û˵ֻǴݡ
˰죬ٶȿڣԿףʱЩʲôҲɡ죬һؼҡ
˵꣬طһװ˵סİÿ룬һÿ뿪
վڴȥĳʻԶóֻͨԵĺ룬ȷʱڼңȥ

ԽӭݣһˮݸʣŮ˲;̰ࣿ
ҷˮ˵ģԹ˲Ͼʱҡ
Բ⣬˵ƬǸˣ¸꣬ŵؿңϲϱ任ҿı飬ʮ־ʡ
ʣǽˣ
˵ûаʶ䣬ĵ绰ͻȻ죬ǵ̸
绰Ĳ˵ղͬ
һµ绰ǳˣ
šһ˵Ѿûˡ
ԻˣܲǺ˸ôôû£
ҵͷ˵󳳵ȷ˸飬Сѽ
ƲƲ죬ôѧʡ
ȴһض˵Ҹ㣬鲻ֹһѧʣһŮһ飬Ҫѧһ̣֡ǻ׵ദ֮
ҷȥô޿أҪô
ѻ죡һ£˵໥ģһ̵ʱһҪѧݣ˲ܳõȥ
۵Цݣʣ̲أ
۰ڲŶ󣬽ѾҪ鰡ģԺдʱĥġ
˵Ҳԡͬسǣ֮ͬ󲻹ֻİ·ˡ
Ժɵؿʣţǲ͵͵Ӹˣ
ϣȻûУҺһḴϡ
һһ߶˵ˣԼܲˣܵ¡֪ԼʲôͺãǺӻͬ˶á
ıˣ뷨Ѿתơ
֮ʣԺȻ˵ţҸ档˭ԣǹس֮С
ǰˮһˮ˵ֳȥҪδڣΪ㿴ϵ
һмض˵ЩνĸҹӣǵĻӦоУߣһǵ¡
˵ȤҲЦϡ
һѣ˵ţҵĻȥûУ
ϵسסͷ˵ֻôһãţңиʺϵѡҾԲὫ㳶¡
סҵ֣һûڡ
æο˵иӰ쵽̥ģҪЩˣҿܻİعؼլʱ˵ջ񡣡
ؼլȷԹȻãʼҽڹؼҵһЩ飬ϸϸš
 лҪ˵ʹһ׸裬ŶԹسǵŶ




 29 

29

ٽ磬Ĳ˲˻һű˳緹ʮľӼҺˡ
ҵֻʱȻҿһۺ룬ǹسǣֿһԵϾӣεؽ
ʣʲô£
˵һԲͷ
Ҷ㿪ѯʵĿ⣬ӲͷƤ˵Լˣ´κòá
ڵ绰ͷĬһ£˵ôòã
áΪͨԽˣȴʣһŮ
ٸ㡣һ˲䣬ҵĪغ
سЦŹҶϵ绰ֻҿʣѣ
ϣֻͨѰˡ
Եд˲Σָض˵ͨͨ
Ұ㡣ҼĲһ˳Ϊ˶㿪Ե׷ʣæӭȥӹϵĲˡ

ԹԵ˯ʱ䡣˯͵δиı䡣ĲСҵ߳˵ţôҪߣ㡣
һ£»ϸ͵ǰǾ鷳ˡ
ҪҲҪϰȥ
µһ¥ĲȻת˵Զҵĺãﲻǲס
ҼһΣο㣬ԸΪĸҲô
Ĳ۸мؿңұ֪һమġҶĲ˵㰮ĸ
Ĳȴ˵ԵĶϲ˶áţȰȰȰһؼҡ֪뷨ͼֵ飬Ҳίף
ҵȻףֻǡҳ˵ڡ
Ĳ̾Ϣһ˵Һȥΰ̣밢̵ģһ룬˼ʹˣȷܲô̼ţٰһκòã
Ҷ˵ٸһЩʱ䣬Ժܿ뿪ؼҽ飬¡£Ǹ޳˰ɡ
¡Ĳ˼ض˵±ȲˣǻֱӵȰɡ
⡭ΪĲ˽ϵľǿȴ˽ⲻ˵һ£һ£ٶһ£ʱԻûлת˼취㿴
ĲһΪѵؿҡ
һĪľİ˵һ£һµʱ䡣һ²ܣٵһȡ
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ڿһĲ˽ԵĿģΪԻᶯ

ȥسǵסΪҲ֪Ҫ
︡ȺӻζĿĵڴϣ˺һ󣬱ɹüۡ
Ҷڽֱߵؽֽӻϸˣӻ
ûһ𣬵ɫδվû߿ϸϸܵΣҿŴڵССһΣ룺һ̫ɡ
¼ϵİٹͷΣյصͣ룬ȴֳƣĻмߵˣ̧̤ȥջվԭصȵʿ
ͷϰֻ϶سŸ裬Һ֪˭ȴֲôȷ
ҪҪӣԼȴʱȻֹҺܿóֻȷǹسǣȻȴʮϲ
ֻٴ죬ҽسǽţң˺ô꣬ôһֱӵ绰ҵַȥ㡣
һܼһ·ƣ˵ϼ֡߾΢΢Լһ
ôڷǲܵˣȥ㣬ȥһĵطҵ˻㡣
سܼܴڱܡ
ʱջһ磬̫һǾףʶһеЩ£ת뵽سǺܿǰͻȻãûôˡ

سǽͣǰʱҸоҵһôȥڻﻤķߡ
ſڶ˵֪֪жΣգ
һ·ϣҲס磬ǹسǲϵ߶Ҵδ˽Žʧ̬ģ̲סЦ
Ц㻹Ц֪֪ոնΣա֪֪ס
Цݣһض˵֪ģʱǿĵͨرߴĽľ׵磬վ£׻ʲҶظʮĻҾѾԭ
سǺȻתЦЦ˫Ŀؿ˵㰡δ꣬Ѿعͷȥ
֪ҡԣƫͷͷ
רĿҪġٲҪˡ
ȺƵĿյͷҵĶͷ˵ղһ㣬Һܺ¡´һչ˺Լ֪֪
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һ·ϣһֱһʼûзſ
ϵ·Ѿʪ͸ϣоܣ⣬ȴѲ⡣껹Ҫ¶ã಻⡣
ԭµҸǵǰһвҩ
һţǷֱظԵķ任ʪ·
䣬ǽϵľճԼȫʪģεز֪룬ɿسЦֹ
Ԣ˯³ҷǰһ˺ܾõӡ
ƿ߳һֻ֣벻ֱܾһסұһǰ˵ĴеظҵģԵȲһҲ޴룬ѾӦλӦ
һмʧȥǰسſңѵشϢѡ
ƽ֮ãȻ컨塣ӵĻҡһҪ飬Ȼˣ˳Ȼˡ
ʲôͳƵ
Ц˵ոΪʲô
ȴ˵ţСƭӡ
ҲҪСƭӣǴƭӡ
Ŷʲôʱƭ㣿
ҹ֮ǰƭ֪Ůʵ
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سǣתһɢ֣ЦȴЦǰָ
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Ůˡسһش
ҡҺ޺޵ذһۣأ˼ʲôĪزζ
ƿ̺´ȥһˮ
ǝĻڼķûƣ״ɱˮԵĻ
Ҫͬؼ˻ޡչصĺĴʲôŮѵûôһƯĹѸɩ꣬سǾһ㲻ģߣҲŲţˣ
ҴӰȡѾѹرЩۺ۵ӻϣҿҡһʱѪһԣδͬټ͵סǷƣڿǺơ
ʲô
سǵͻȻҳһֶ˼£æ˵ûʲôæӻŻؽ
سԡߵǰʣô
պӣȥƵĿأʲôӣ㿴ˡ
ֺϺôת˵ţп
û˵ʲôת˷ס֣ʣʲô
˵пҪһؼҺˡ
ȴ˵ͺá
ܣҪˣڳ಻㡣
ȴһɵ˵Ҫڸոպãһ㲻᲻㣬ֻһѣ
ǲҪˣһؼҺˡس˵һѣҲ
Ҫţطңȥ绰һҵĶȥ绰
 
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 30 

30

ϰ˵سǿеѵãλһǡҴһ档
Ҳû뵽سǿеλѡİ׷ġͬһˡҼѹ¾棬򶨵عЦݡ
سΪ˵ţλ
˵á
سͬλͬʱסܿ˵áͬʱһֻҪͬ֡
Ȼɻ󣬵òԵһ֡
ҾЩ㱣иףǲǻһ˫ůʵ֡
λ˺һߣ൱ǣͬسǲδ̸ཻȫ̶ʼһЩҸеĪ£磺׶԰ѧģѧõĿĿһƣƽʱϲʲô˶ЩȺã
ҶԹس˵λ֡
ֻ˵ˡ
Ȼңͬλʶôרҡ
سȴ˵ҵϲˡΪҵѣֱ곤Ȼһ¡
ͻȻЩߣȥϵˮȡ
սҶʣ京Ц⡣
ҷ±ӣƫͷسǣͻȻָҵҵʣŴ˭һ㣿
Ҳ֪سǵ֣ط
ţҲҿ԰ҵ㸸סس˵
ȫûҪΪһתһһ١˵ҡûСס
ҲҲҵ㣬ʹˣҲᷴʡʱµĴҲͬϣֻ㲻֪
ЦŶ˵ҲһѣѾϻôһˣʱĴһôضԴĸףͲȥңʹôʹ˴ֻǽڣʱµĴΪʹ˾ͿһʹɣĿԹ˼ԣƾʲô
Ҫ˵˵ǲҪϾĸףѪŨˮ㲻ܲ
š
Ȱ˵Ĵ˭ὲΪ²ؼȰ˱ˣȴ˵Լ
ȴ˵ǲԵģû
㲻Ҫٶ˵Щ滰㲻ңеǷֱʼȣԼĺӣһۣʲôס޷˵ȥ֪ѾʵҲ˵
س߹סңҵı˵ãȲ̸¡
ϣԶҪ̸ͬ¡ֱԼûҵ˵ϲңô㲻ҪǸˣ޷ͬңǲھͷֿ˵òãòã
ǲֿسǽұظ˵ŵһʱҸжһͿ

˯ǰƫͷ˯͵ĲͻȻڰӻŵȥǶӻӱóߵǰ⡣
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С
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ЦԷǣԭУϵŮģתһ룬ʲôǡϵŮ㽻ܶϵŮϵŮô飬ڣȻüѧȥһˡ
ңһץסҵвҡ
㿴ҸҲҡ˦֣ͷҲصػ˷
ܻغţҲ뷨
ҵ˯涼ˣû˵ҹ
һסң˵Ͳܹ˳һЩ
תõ˵ϵŮֹ˳һ͡ڷչʱڽϵŮͬʮǰϵŮȻͬҪǲϲȥЩʦȥɡ
ؿŹس˲Ϣȴѿ˦֣Ѹţ±һǳɡͷϵıԿףҵЦˡ
ֺܻţţ쿪ţϴòã㿪ţϴĪ泩
ҹɤʱû죬ſ˵ôдңʲôϵȥϵڼҪһ룬ú÷ʡһ£ϵŮж顣
æ˵ϵŮһ㶼飬̫ˣֻһֻһ
붯Ҫ˯ˡѾڴϣ˵ĵȷﻰ
һҲͦ˵ðɣҽ𴲣㰲˯
ոŵĵطոŵ߿ĽŲұۣǣܿ硣
μҵġҷƵһϤĻ
ۣسЦξʱһ
ԿײֹһѣǳʶسգգۣƤĴк
һ̧ͷһ۴죬ȥϴ
ؼҡ
㲻ȥϰࣿͣת
üһ䣬˵£ȽҪ
ǽһգҵغá

ĸ׻صҶ˵ΪҪε£֮󲻶϶ңúôڼǧҪİ˽ҡ
Ҷĸ˵ģҲİ˿ŵġ
ĸȴǲģ˵˶㽲ЩĪĻǧҪš
ʣ磿
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áҲһȥ𣿡ĸ׵ͷüͷĸ˵ôƴ˭Ĵ
ĸȴͻȻʣСô
ʵʵ˵˲٣ű軹Ҫꡣ
ĸ׾һϲңļٵģȥô󣿡
ʧЦɲǣϴμˣҲûϳ˺ö࣬ȰȰȥ˭ʮ˿ȥҪʮꡣ
ĸȴ˵֪û˻Сʵϰ׷ء
Ҵ⣺ˣ
Ǹʵ˰ĸ׹ЦŵǰӶҰʱ°࣬ӰҾ۲ͣСŮճ
ĸ˫˫Цڳɳϡ





 31 

31

ĸһű㿪ʼʰбſڣźСĸףЦʣŮʿܺã
ĸ̧ͷЦЦ˵Ȼȥ˳Σݽϣ˵ܲô
ԭˣҲῪģسͨҲõ
ĸҪҸæȥȡݸʣĻ𳵣
ĸ˵ķɻ
ҾϲǶãļҹ˾ôá
˵Ҳ֪
ĸ˵Ҹ˵ˣ˭˭һסҲиӦ
˵ģǿչԼ
ĸڴ߶˵šȥ°ɣһ˾һ£û©ʲôҪĶ
ǵöӡ
ת֮ʣ鵽ＸҴδ˿ȹҵ±죺ȥգһʲôҲûʡ

ڶ𴲣Ҷĸ˵һһ·˳硱š뵽ֻһʶͨ˹سǵֻ
绰һͨҹ٩ԤԼҡ
ʣ̫̫ˣ
Ҿ˵ǺŮʿ
һ£Ŀ˵Ůʿˣ
šô֪ܻ
ΪԤԼҡسͷЦ
ţҡ
ţڡ
ʣҪҪ
ҡҲŵ㹤
˵ϰʱ仹磬ҪҪԿס
ҪҪȥͻȻʣ뻹ǵðɣҲû˵ǵá
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µ绰̵գ¹ȻҵĴ
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ֻ˵˾£ʱҪ죬Թڼҵҵ绰
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ԥҪҪȥת뵽绰֮ͨҪ˵ʲôһ·˳磿;죿ֱӸʵ͸㣬ûпڸֱֻΪʲôҪҵȣ
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Ұһۣʸڷϣ˵ûС
Ҽǰߣ˵㰡
Ҵʱķңûض˵Ҳ㣬صȥʲô
ȴ˵鲻ã˾ܾˣ
վסתͷס˵㣡ٸҡ
Ȼһίض˵ΪʲôǶϲˡ
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˵͹İһӶϲˡ
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˭ϲһΪȻİǸС㣬زˡ
㲻飬󷽡˼ҾٽҲûϲ˼ңôɧû飡ǽ飡ϲǲϲôڡ
ߵſڣҳԿ״ţҶ԰˵ллһ
Ҫȥҽȥɡ˫ֺʮذңһûԷôҲԲ꣬ҲҪȥӣң˼ҳÿռұˡ
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YesȭţԻָ
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˭ҡҰֻ׬Ǯý⡣ȻվҰǱߡǻ˵кӣһ㲻óԿȥǵ
סЦһ룬԰˵˵õȷе
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סЦȰ˵͵ڻı顣Ͼ£˭ܹģ˵һ˲˼˰
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ޣǶҵ
סЦͷ̹ף٣˾ÿռһ±ˡ
ȻÿͦΣȴһ֪ĴسǳȻӢȴˡռұˡźţǴ˵еʰɡ
Ҳǡ
һӣʧЦǾ;Ҫǡ
Ȼ˵ϲһŮҴһЩ
٣ŮͬѧǣҴ⣬»Ҳŵؿ
ȴ˵ͬ󣬲ͬѧ
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ʱüȻǣʦɡ
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ͷɥض˵֪㲻ң㣬᲻ϲң
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ȴƶ˵ҲġҲֻ˳ԷûȤ㲻

߰ŷ֣ԭһ绰Խҵ
ֻĵĺ룬绰ͷȴһŮ˵ûѹػֻ˵һſ˫ݽ
һȥҶûеȵĵ绰ҸԼҲ⣬νҲ




 32 

32

ڶһӵԴҵĵ绰ңţô㾹Ȼң
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ʲô£ң㵹ˡؼô£㾹Ȼصˮ¶
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س׿ڶ˵й¶Ϣֻǡֻǡ
벻ֻʲôʶӱϾ̫̣಻ԣңֻ
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ţͻȻҵַ΢΢¡ĸ˵Ĳٵˡ
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׷ָҷȻҡ
갲οƵĶ˵Ҫǲ֪£ֻҪʲô֪ͺá£Ȼ˴
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ԲȻЦЦ˵ⲻЩΪ֪ĻԹǵǵ£ͬ޹أҲܲţԼ¾ͺá

Բ˵еԭίֻпԼȥ尽ͬؼλԹġ
֮ǰٿرżЩҵġ־ͼϰʱżᷭġ
Ĳ֪Ҫһ˲סɱ־Ϲڰҵ֮٣ֻмš
һ򣺰һоصĵλµı־Ȼҽϰҵ£Ӽ಻ѿؼͬǽǳҵСŮǰ飬Ȼᱻ̫³
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׼ͬس˽飬Ȼģ̬ȣʼҾùŹ֣ԸֻҵĴ

ڶ죬˸硣׼ʱȥּǳԹͣһʿֱ
ҵʱ򣬾Ȼҵˣѵ̬תԭ
ţּˡʿΪҴ򿪳š
ΪԾվԭأ˵С㡢̡İǡ
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лл㣬İһҸ΢Цͬ⡣
һ²ЦŶ˵Ҳãܶǰ飬ġ
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Ȼ˵ĸ׽úܺá
ף֪ͬĸһסѵسǴͣҪôİҲգ޲ɶԡָоãǰȫ͸Ҷȴһ֪

Ӳûʻȥңһ·ʻƬ֮ҵ˽أʹֻһΣҶ·Ȼӡ
ѵɽʻһ˯
ŵ֮һΪϤϸ裺
Ϸ紵
ҹݺ
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ĸϲһ׸裬˵ͬĵһ֧ӡҺӺ߳
֪裿⡣
ЦЦ˵Ǽĸһ׸衣
Ǻϵһ׸ˣʱʱǡмΣͻȻ룬µĻ
ѾΪ䡣˵꣬ĸףʼղĸס
ʻһγ˽ɽؼլ
ɨһ۹ؼլȻ紫˵еһӴ侳ֻ˵ҴΪ߹ŵϢȴֵ͵׵ĴլӣһµƷеɽ䡣
ҼұͬؼھӣҶ̳Уһ޼ҿɹ顣ԣؼտ͡Ĭض˵ָԶһլ
ҿڣһӶ˹ǽݡע⵽ؼҵӶﾹмϤҼ
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ǣǣǣû˵ʲô
֮֮˵ڷҿסĵطô
˵תΪ·Ҷ˵һ




 33 

33

ȥն˵ñһĵȴ
سδ飬̲סټլԺڷܵӶˣĸŮҡ
һֱʱΪ˵Ч΢ϾǿˣңͽԷǡϲ¡ЩҶ⣬ǣİҵ̬180ת䣬ֱӽҵٲǰһ˵¡
뻻ңʲô£Ҳǻվĸһߵİɡ
εǣլԶһγ˽ɽǲһԳߣҸ޷뿪
ȻɷһĻشȴǣɲãسǻ˹Ҫô졣
ҵΨʧܶա

СҪ㣡
İӾ̽ͷؿңһ˫ԹۡȥȴһѴҵ֣ʣ˵
飺Ȼôң뿪ˡ
İվӾر̨ϣؿ˵㲻֪ߣסС壬һ˵ĻþҽӽС壬ڿ˵ϲС壬ƭ˵ģѹ㲻ҪСҰְ֣Ϊ˽ģ
İԴ䡢ҡʧЦĻ˲̣Сô
İȻض˵Цʲôû߳ģ
İҪʱͻȻվΪ˵
Ųҽ㣡İԡݺݵһ۴߿
״ο˵İͯ޼ɣǽ㣬Ҫ
ҲЦЦ˵ǰҲͬãʱҲˣͬʵûаϵи֮룬֪ɲԴӦҡ
뿪
ˣضӦҡҴͷҡҡͷ˵Ҳǡ뿪ǡҪ뿪
ȴǸ˵Բš
ΪʲôҪ˵Բȫԡ
Բţ˵Ϊ޷سǽ˵꾶߿ٸȰ˵Ļᡣ
ŲԵӾأͻȻȥĳ嶯һ룬Ҳȷôˡ
μأֱεƣΪֹҲŸˮ棬ȴһվڳر߶Ŵ̫Ӿ
ðͷϲضҺţһֻҡ
֣ȥ
ȻóһԡһѽҹסҸҪ㿪˵Ȼ죬￪ȥô졣
ллЩΣһתۣվӾظһزƫصסҡҿһת뿪ƫ
ҿĪػȴʱҲڳԴףԹسǣҲֻҵĴ
طһɾ·ӭ߹ҴһкС㡣ŵؾߣ˵ҿۣһֱС㣬㻹˲¶ࡣ
վԭأҪתͷȷǷıӰȷһ㣺ʲŲһ
ǰͻȻǣͬ
ʾţװûһܾߣǲ֪ҪڹؼҴãҲͬٽԹ
ͻȻ֣Ҹδ˽ˡʶֻڡһֱǳΪˣֿƺֻһֱһԸ
İٴ˫Թ۵ңѡ̹ȻȥȻ䣬ȻСһ𳤴Ľ㶼޷˽⣬οĸŮ

ɽҹ²ҹķѾ
ҹҹϰϰɰΰѼʵİס˴¹⣬һƬڣڲĴֵֻͲȥش
оڿʣˮȴǿյģȥһˮһʱ⴫Ϩ
ѵϳȥˣ롣
߹һСȣ̤վֱ̽ͷһһͦε˽ţ̽ͷעһһ
ҹɫ£Һ¹͸սʹҿԿ˱վţӰͦξ׳ƺͬ˵Щʲô
ҲҶóֻģʽͷ׼ˣ¶档
̸һƺЩһס˵ĲǣȥҲסĿתסǰֻ
ƺʮֿǡֻ˾ͷһֱĪϤ
ȫתͷҴԭԼ˫ۡһϤǹس˭
Ļ촽¥
ס죬תݵŹسǱӰܿ׷ȥ
һҿһͥ׾磬ʹسǴ˿ܾ̾¥ϻᷢʲô޷Ԥ֪
ֻ֪ˡˣȴûи˵ҪҵȣұȣҪҵȣҾɵɵճյصȡ
ûлطۻسٵһˮҼƽĵİӿ

صչţͻȻһϤĵ̲ϢΧұһѱס
֪˭һ㲻ţ
ţһˡûңҶૡ
ƽض˵ˣ¥ȥϢɡ
ʱûô쵹ڶ˵պǰʱ֡˵꣬ʼҵա
ұͷȥ˵ȥԵ㶫ˡ
ȴ⣬ұظ˵ղȥһϲġ
оϲ
ŵˣسǡǺǡЦ
ҺȥԷҪ˯һѣƲֻظҺҪ˯ȥԷ
ȴûаſҵ˼СԺûѹѾڷɻϳԹˡ
ô˯طȴͻȻᱧ
˵һ𡣡
ܾУ¥ȥ˷ãҲҺߵ
ûϵ˵꣬˫˫ڴϡұڻµǡ뵽ĴձһŮǹʶͷȥ˫աҲ䣬Ƶʣôˣ
Ұס֣˵һ˵
⼸춼㣬ûʱ㣬ˣţںҹ̾Ϣɿҡ
˯ɡҷһȴӺ汧סسǣּͺ
ֻͺã˯ɡȥ⡣ҲٳȴôҲ˯š
һԴѾҳһŽ
ԡҡԵϰ塢ĲسǡİҲ֪棬ҰݵĽɫʲô
һĵбƬҪڹլͬ˵Ƭ
Ī֪
ƬûһԾӣȴֲ͸¶ʲô룬һ֪֮ͬ¡ǹسͬǷһ֪飿

Ҳֻǿ޷ĵƬͶҽԲŻҰ

һжֻҵܲ⣬һղ˵ʵ飬ұһղð

һĨȻתͷŹس˯ӣ˴ţȻİվſڣ޺޵ؿңңͻȻֱ˫ۡͻȻһƣ˺üЩ
̧̤ţ˯ĹسֿңҺһ꾫ܳȥ
ˡĽŲ죬Ҿվš룬سʣôˣ
תͷƽض˵İˣˡһδ䣬Ѿڡ
һ۴󿪵ţһ˵ΪʲôƫƫҪǵİ
Ҳ֪⻰˵˭ġֻ´ϳ㣬ٴλصϡҺܷ˵뿪⡣
ֻ鸴ӵؿңҲòظ뿪һҲȥ
ȴȻңûΪʲôҪ
Ҳ˵ĳʲôԸΥһ㲻ΪıҪǹؼңй̫̫Сͺãαضһ⡣
뷨
˵ţǰһһץסҵ˦֣̲סЦҵ뷨й˹ҵ뷨Ϊ˵һ䡮ҡҾӦùԹվԭɵɵ㣿ڸ㣬ҲᡣϷˡҲȥ
Ȼɫ䣬ңΪһֻϷҶ˵
Ȼأ˵£Ϊʲôһû£㣿ԼҪ·ȥ˵ָſڣš
߹ȥţۻŶ˵ܶ飬ҲţѵҲˣң㵽ҪôΪʲôжһֱԼһģʹԸȥֻǲġһҪ໥໥⡣Ϊʲô㲻ңʲô¶Ҫô
ЦſȻˣȥһ㡢ˡ쳣ƽ߹ȥţȴͷٶ࿴һۣ˵ȥ
ţֻ֮ϷӮˣӮҺģ
һΣԸͷҲأߵʮָɴࡣ
һš




 34 

34
ܿñϣҺȻϲ֪ʱһװµСӡİɣ뿪䡣
С㡣
ҳתͷﲻÿһţ
ү˵Сϴˣͬһ͡
ҾسǰİڣҵĵԴǵ̸
İһҵ˵ҪȥӢƳš
Сһȥүү̡
İ漴˵ԺԺ̸
ֻͻȻ죬æ绰һͨұԵԹƬôɾ
ֲϵ桭ͣȴǳɹת˵עϡ
ȴȻ߶˵ţ㴳֪֪С˵Ҫ
˵һЩôһ£Ҳ⣬ʹĸײͬҰԣֻǼƬˣķӦδ
ڷôмҪ㡣Դ˿Ҽ
Ҽسʱ߿æ˵Ҿϻȥͨץ𱳰ȥ׷سǡ
ã֪ˣס
سǸպֻתңҶ˵Ҽ£Ҫȥ
ȴ˵Ҳ㣬ôö˶˵ͻȻҪ
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س˫ֻǰң³һʻţѵҲֵΡ
ҵͷڵǸСӴӱóݵǰµİɡ
ȴ˵˭˭ġƵǰ
˵ҲҪ
¶㱵ɫźȻЦ˵ҲҪҲȥҲ롯ҲҪҸ˵ԿӲáÿ¶ϡԱҲǵ
ŴĬؽСٴεݵǰСӵȴһαƻ
ֻһˣȥòáسǽСװҵı
죬Ҳ³һ䣺лл㡣
šҵ̧֣˵ңһ·㡣
һ䣬߿˵ֻԶıӰ
Ҷ˵а취
ĳұתͷվߣİЦ֪Ƿ
ȴ˵Ժһˣ˵һЩɡ
ðҵšɱ˵̫á˵꣬һ߿
ǳЦ˿ؿ뿪ѿֻǣȫ֪ʲô¡ˡ
ţѾߵǰԸĸ׶Щ
Ȼʣʶ裿
˵ͬǾʶ
ôʶ裿𺳣ĸ׵֣ɼȷǾʶ
ҡҡͷ´μٸ㡣
ðɡҸŻȥҪҲֻ´ˣֻǣҲΪ´Ρ
سǶĵģҪİվڹسǱߵġ
˵ʱ򲻶
ʱҪ˵ģǲһͶ
ȴЦң㻹ᣬǹسѾ˵᲻ô
ҲΪȻ˵ϵĸͬĸ׽ʱѽ¡
ҵĻһ㶡˵ò޵޷ͻģҸ֮£һԼԼ¡
ɲȰ˵ң˵ĸףţϣ֪˫ĸʱľǿҪǿҲʹʧȥҸ
ֻ˵ҴӦǵǽ˵Ļ
Цʮº͵ض˵ֻ̫ǿ
ҵлл㡣Ц
ԶԶɲԶ
´μǸسЦЦ
ܸʶ㡣˵Ѿȷû´ˡ
Ҳǡ뿪ȥˡسǡû·Ҳ뿪ˡ

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ʻתͷ˵³ͿˡҲ鷳
˵ؼҡ͸¶ĳּ֣ļ֣һʱûгȴ˵β˵
Ųң˳ƶ˵Ҫ˵лл
Ϊһŷþۺɢ
ɻתһۣȻ˵Ժ󣬿ɲԲҪ
Ҿ˵֮ôԺûԺˡ
һɲͣ·ߣתŵؿʣţ⻰ʲô˼Ȼڷ
Һһģƿ³ȥʿ
ţ󺰡
һʿͣҽűߣת˵Ƿֺˣȥȥ

Ӿسǵĳһ·ңβҡʿ˾ʱңҪҪͣ³
áұ˵ߴӱ﷭سǸҵǰԿףʿ˾һ˵¾С飬þգȻҪ˸ˡ
Կսתͷ΢ЦŶԵʿ˾˵ǲǳܣǷ֡
Ҳͨĵ绰ϵңҪġȴڵ绰ͷﻹݡֻҲƣĸ״ȴңֻǼƬಢаհĸΪζ
˵ͬĸǾʶеϵʵ벻͸ʱУÿ϶ա
ҿغһ˵ĸ׻ʵ㲻ǻϢǰҡ
ʻϻ԰֣ٹһ·ڣһ䣬ͣҼ¥ǰ
Ҹ공˳سѾվҼԶĵطͷվһ̡֧
ȥԿ׵ݵһֻճս֮ҳĬؾȻԿ״ʯϵҲɵסŲ
ʣˣ
ǡصͷ
ӵ̵٣ҵҼſڣ˵ţǱ뿪ϲ̸һ̸
ҸҪھܾǰļͻȻ󿪡
 
лҪ˵ʹΧô
ǸСԲᴩԽҵΧ




 35 

35

롪ΪͻȻһʱ˵ʶתȥسǣһ㲻⡣
ԵĿɿڴԽ̤ţȥһ߻عһ߶ʹɫͬ˽ôˣ
֪˭
˵

Ե½ң֪ˣţ
سǵɫȷÿѹԻᣬ˵ͬˡ
ʲôԳԾؿңܿҶ߶ݺݵض˵͸Ԥ룡ʲô˼Ҷҵˣ
˵꣬Լס׷֣ͻȻָ糣ҵһۣس̧˵Ҳϡʱ֪ߡ
ھӡԸҶ˵ҽֻöŹسǽܵλǡ
ԡسǽӹҵĻ
Ժָܿ糣Ц˵ס¥ϵھӡԣԱ򶨵ضࡣ
سȴ˵֪֪˭֪˭
׿ݸģݸ
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ҿԣֿسǣ¶ЦݣʱҿΪ̡ʲô֪ȴʲô˵ѿҪѿ
سǺȻЦɫ㲻ðų㲻Լá
ǽ֮ǹԼҵ¡ԿһۣԹسǼ˵ϲôֻΪ˱ӽɡ
سסԲ
ϲţϲԶĹɷݰɣŲŮϲţԡ͡һЦ
ţ㲻ҪƬ֮ʡسǽŵؿң鲻ǡ
˭ŮҴĻʣǹལѾȫС
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šұҶ㿪ʣǵǸ˭
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šſңҿسǣƽض˵ˡ
سֹؿңţ֪Ҫʱ䡣
㡣˵
תߣƿţұһһ̤⡣˵߰ɡҪֱۣȴҲѲˡ
ţ˵ǧҪԵƬ֮ʣֻ㡣úһ룬㡪
߰ɣ֮Ѿ޻˵һΣ˦ֱۡ
ţ㽲òã
ұͱʲôһ漰ûеɽñȥ̽㸸ף˵Ϊʲôй¶ȥһֱ˵ұãѵҵһûУǸǱˣҽ㣬ΨһĽ㡣ֵΪҼҵ£ͺͬҵ£ͬܲ
ҿسһ˲ľţܿ˵ţ鲻㲻Ҫ˵
Щ£ñ˵Լ۾
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ˣ㲻ҽʲô¡ͻȻеƣ롣
ҶԴɩҾֻǵҴɩѡ
û£Ҳһš
ҵĻԭأͷҲص߽ݴšϣҴضˡҹҼ£˿ĽֻͣŻ

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ڻˡ
ԼĴ
ã߳ҡ
Զǰ򣿡ҴӲס
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ڿ˵Զְ֡Ĵ£ؼϵĹɷݣһֱͼ£֪ǼҵسȻ뼯йɷԼϡ
𸴣ЦԷǣ֪롣ҲףΪʲôһ㣬һȥءҺ͹س֮ٿԵһЩ
šԱסңûµģûµģһжȥģȥģѾõϢسǻһʱүӡ
ҪˣҲáһȻ޴롣
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ͻȻһֱԶҹ㡷˵ĸ׵ľʶͻȻֲõԤУٿȥ

Աһһңɳ
ƬǸ˭
ң׷֮һС̺ܿɡ
˸ҿ϶װɵ
Ǹˣ⼸һסڹؼңԶسҽܹһֱΪأ룬пˡΪĸ裬˵ͬǾʶ
Ȼؿң̽ңദػ죿
ദ̫죬ŸҾ֡޶˶ܳһİߣܵ
ҵȷһֱֳѰĹػ
룬ˡ
һԴˡ죬ͷʹѡԣ׷׷
ʧȥ˼֪ʡԵͷСѲӡ
ô졭ֻǼƬĸ׾ʲôҲ˵ظϻǼ棬֪ڻ׷
ȴ˵ţҪúðջᣬҪʱҪֺԶʹָֻЩƤëС̿帣ֹһΪƷһ
ֻǴ˵Ҫһ˾һ
̫ණıʣҿʼΪҡıߡתطĬ

˲֪ã졣ԲûȥţҵķţԤС
ԶҴԡ
Եͷ˵һȥסҪ塣
˵ԣˣҲֺ
һ⣬ţ㲻ҪͬǮͬȥһ벹㣬ԽģԽôֲΪ
峳Ļѵóţ绰˵񡣾
¹ţ϶һɸֵӣҾʮֿЦΪʲôȥҪȥֺǸ˼ǨŮˡ




 36 

һԲͣҵķţȥšһţԭأʱվҷſڵĲԣءǡ
ߵض˵ôլȫԱþץ㡣
ȸƵĶ˵ţҲǴ㣬سǸ޹ǰһعĸӰҪسǰҹע㣬֮١
ҡ͡һ˵ԣ߹ӰҲȫΪҰɡ
ǰȥ¹ѣԶҪ룿ѻ飬
֪Ҵһְϸĸףʱһֻ뿴ͬʶһ°ˣĸ̫ˣΪҪͬɡ
ΪҰɡҳһĨЦһ̼䵴ȵס
šԶʱ˵εؿҡ
֪Ҳ¶ˣν˵
ţ㲻ҪԶ¶̵ɫ
Ȼ˵ˣҲˡЦʵϣҶڴԴ˿̣㲻ңж
úңҲԣҲá֮Ӧõġ
΢ЦŶ˵ˡ
¶ϲɫҿΪЦ
˵ޣվҸ˵Ҹ㡣ҿ»Ҫлл㣬лл㹻鹻ģҲŲ׶һҪôҪôߺޡ
ǰλɫ䡢ʮ־ʣϲǴ㵣ǡ⣿˵ҿǷ㡣
΢ЦŶ˵˵ġʱϲżеǮȥŵڼӣˣοԼܱ֮ĥĥûˣǣʼҪҪдһ¼
̾Ϣʱⲻ񲻶¡
رͷȥЩ˺ˣõù㣡
ţһᲹ㡣
Ϊڹò˵룬Ӧͬǰ޺Ůʿ̸ΪǷҡ
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ţ㸸ףԶͺȡ
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ţʱ䣬ְʱ䡣
سǶ˵ʱ䡱ʱ֤ʲôң֮ѵֻ⣿Ҷ˵ʱ䡱ȴʳԵͷʱʶһµġҲ˽ԡ
ʱĴڷ·Ϊ֤һҲֻǼ󡣴ʱ˿̣ǰ˵ʱ䡱һȴŬ׷֪ҪĲʱ䣬һͥһиסĸסһమůͥ
ʱʧʧ
СšԶңһ˫ִҼϡ
һ񺮣Ųһ㿪ͬ㣬Ǻ졣ҾȥţŷԾȻ͵͵ߡ
ҵȷϷɻ˵
ͣ½Ų
Ļʱң֪ӦˣΪĸĸ׸ϻ޷Ϊղ˵ǰĸ׾֪ˣȻˣڼŻǡʵ벻ͨ
Զȥ档
ʲô
㡣
ɡߣ֣Ҫס
ԼԡҶ㿪֡
һԾؿ棬ҸоڣʣҪô
ƵȻð
Ҳ죬ֻǺһ¡
ʧЦҵҲ
ô˵һǷһ

̵úܺáԹ粻һͷԶԸп
ĸ˵꣬ҲһεԶ˳ȥϴԼƫ򶩲͵绰룺ԭиһԷһĪİĸо
죬˭ԶѾ첽ȥšϴصسɳϣſڡ
ġԶվǰЦ˵
ôкˡתҪߣȴס˵سǶΣְֿ㲻Ҫű˵Ļ
ֻ˵˭Լˣ˭Ǳˣúܡ
鲻˵
ԶһҪУ̾Ϣ˵ǲѾҪ
سʱȻǰңҶ˵һҲҪ
ұۣ˵
֪֪Ϊʲôר̸ϻǰ
Զ״ſҵĬĬ߿
һ䣬ҪҪߣǱߣҿ԰ѧУ
̧ۿسǣҲߣҪڱС
ţҲҴ𰸡Ҹʱ䡪
ҲҪʱ䣬ʱ֤ʲôҪҶʱ䣿ֿ֮ʱأҪҶʱʧǰҲҪ㱦ʱ䣬Ѿ֣ǲҪټĺãͽҵš
ĿˣӦüҾܾҲ㻹ʲôԶ˵ʮޡ
ǣҲɵغˣסҡͷҲ̸Щ
ţ֪Ϊ㸸ĸ׵ʧܻ㺦£ͬǲͬһҪ໥ΣΪʲôǲܶζԷһЩ
ҡһƿ˺һ˵룬֮䣬ֻˡһҪΣҶ㣬ʲôԭҲã˵׻޷㣬ǻǲҪһĺá
سҰ죬̹Ȼһ˷ࡣ
Ȼ룬ΪʲôҪӦһ𣡡ŭҡ
Ц˵㶼֪˭ô벻ΪʲôҪӽ㡣ҴӦһֻΪ˽ӽѣ֮⣬ޱԭ򡣡
ɫѾǰδеѿЩ¡սȭͷؿҰ졣
ͻȻһᣬЦŶ˵ڣҪĴ𰸣뿪˰ɡ
عլһסЩͬûκιϵ
ҷģϻԸһᾡ뿪㣡ţģ󼸸ǴＷһ㡣
˵꣬ͷҲصߵ
ءһ죬̧ͷѾϵķţʱһ롣

ϰ˵ôѣԶ˵
˵ʲôһЦתɵЦʡ
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Զε˵֪ҵ⣬ĸһֱҼ㡣ֻ鷳سǰҲ顣
૵˵ڲ̫ࡣҹǿʧǵת˷ѾԽԽҵĳܷΧֻһ˺úþһ¡
Զ󺰣ţҪ񡣡





 37 

37

ٴ̤ſڣΪԶҳȥԷ
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ɡĸй˼ɵؿҡ
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ҡСһû˵ƯڻС̫̫һ
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 38 

38

վǰɻְ塣ǰӦŵԶӭҽݣسǣҶʱһڡ
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Ҹû뵽ǣûãӭλ֮͡Զͬسǡ




 39 

39

һͬǻػ˰֣˭ĸһԶ·
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ĸѾšأЦԭҲǲġ
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Ȼʣȴüͷ˵ǣСԺͲˡ
ҽסշһۣο㻹ܸСһӰһϲˣһҪһߡ
ĳʻűűߡ
İϳǰ˵㣬Ժ󻹿Դ绰ôٶȶ¶ϾЦ̡
ЦЦ˵Ȼԡȴ̧ϳ
㣿ѯʵؿҡ
˵ˡ
һΣ֪㲻ϲңûȫ⡣
˲Ҫ̫̰ οõѾܶࡣ
ҳڰ֣߿ȷûȫ⣬⣬ж㿪Ȩɡ

ĸ״ӭȥͬ˵ϵһ½ˣ˴˼䷴ÿн
Ӧ֮ҵġ롣
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Ҫ˼ȻһĸΪء
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һԸţҲ˼Ҳ˼
һЦȰ֤˰ɡ
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ĸֵصͷʾͬ⣬ڲپнЦ
ԼȿӣǾͺáĸ˵ͬһ˳
ɵıӰҺĸ׿ģҵ˿ˡ




 41 

41

պ󣬵ı̨ͻȻһţʽעʰԶֹ˾Ӱӻع̡
ĸ׹ֽһ˵سǵǲҪˡ
װĸףʧܴô
ĸ˵̫һЩעôӰӻأΪ˭ܽӵġ
뵽½ˣҰһתȴȻ뵽ˣҲҪ˰ɡ
룬ڶԶң˵Ѿõس˺ܴĴ֪İɡ
̳ϵҲƫͷסĵ׵ĺûκ¡
վⲽȥ̨ҺȻ뵽һЩȥſѾȫ֪ˣ
ȴ˵Ҳǲҵġ
תЦҶʱܲһĴȸģƲƲͷȥ˵ʹˣܲô̼
߾ͿˣﲻûҡҪ֪㣬֪㷽ܳ֡ҲԼڵ¡Ӳǽ⳶ˡ
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Ҷס룬ЦЦһҾ˵ֻ˵Ŀˣνӷ֪֮֡
̾˵⺢ӣô˵طרţǼ⡣
Ҳһ˵Ҫˡ
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š
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һΣҪʱ䡣ҪʱһЩˡһЩ£һ˼صЩ¡

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գĸɲʱἰسǣҼ޿ɶ㣬ɲԲ
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ĸȴԲŹң˵˵Ҫˡ
תͷĸף˵ȥδĸףȻá
Զ˵ڵת⣿ĸײҵ
ɷнµʣ裬վ˭Ǳߣ
ĸ̯֣Ȼض˵¹ؼҪԼվһߣվһ߹ʲôá
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˵˵Ӱɡ
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ĸ׺һۣʲôҲͬ˵һҪϰ彲ȥԡ˵˵⵱ʧܲʧܣһΣ˵ʲôҲܵĺԵ
֪ǺԵĸ濴ʡ
ĸױҶЩ󿿣ҲΪãڣ⼸ҪĲġƲֵҿͷ¡
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ĸײŵؿʣûɣڸҳţ
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ϰ˵ķɻ뿪֮󣬲֪ʲôʱϣʱѾˡ͵͵˵ⲹһ䣺ָϡ
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渵Ҵȥһ꣬ʥڸչȥĵڶ졭
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һǵõһμҵʱ룺ôгӢÿˡӴҲϲѵʱǷԴţһǽסпͨÿ˼ͿģΪʲôƫƫͿ
ĿģҲŻӦһأ˵Ҳ˺棬ΪǺøвŻ࿴İɡ岻صĸ飬ʼעǸ
żҲǼ֮ǰʶǷ񻹻࿴ҲӦԵǷһûл
ϧº̾ϢҪ˭




 42 

42

Լҹͣͱϵһǣһ㲻棿
ҲԵؿ˵ƬһֱʡҵˣԭϽӰسƬ
Ҳ֪̹ףͷǰĿȣ˵ҿس˵һ㲻˭̡
оһ˫۶סҲţҲҲһ̸̸ۡһǰڡҿҪѧˣ㻹ڱô
سˣΪĴɶҰһҲһ꣬Ҳ꣬Ҳ
ǶãҲʱ棬顣֣ҵûɵȥƲ𿧷һ˵߰ɡ
ҵ˵ţһ֪ô
ҹɵЦ˵ôᣬû㡣վҪߵӡһۣתߣƺ̾Ϣ

·һƣͣתͷ˵İĽ㣬û¾ȥǽҪ׺һ㡣
ҲȥҲûܾһͨ·ĳֽȥˣѵҪҲйȥ
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죬ֱϣ뵽Ҫķ˵ѧһæûʲôʱ䡣
ѽ˵׾Ƕƫ
Ȼ²ؼѹ˵ɡ˵УҲֻҡͷ
ݵĳĬ֮˵ԲСţһǼ˵¡Ǹ⡣
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Ҽǵˡ
ôİһˣ˵УһҪޣѧİ㣬Ҿʹˡ˵꣬߹ȥ򿪵ӣ˵ǽȥ㷿úİɡ
һ䣬İǣҵ֣ҵķȥʱһͬĵ׻
룬ѪԵǼ飬ҺİһʣͶԵҲΪ˰ɡ

һܺڽӭѧڡ
ҦͻȻǱС˵һϵ£ʱȻҦȻѾǸ£ǱС˵Ƿÿ
ֻʣһסҵʱʱԼѹֳԷӱҴҵعȥֻǣʹĵʱ̣Ҳ޷ֹȥֵ顣
ѮԵĵ绰˵ҪˣͬĸȥĲļ磬ôãѾĬز̸֮ǰ¡
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ǾͺãҵμҵĻ񡣡ʮֿĵģʲôһ
˵ãһȥһЦŹҶϵ绰Цݽڴߡ




 43 

43

ûпΣҴڼվöӶʱ򣬱ӵĵ绰ԼѧУԷԹȥϿΣһãȻǰ
ϯദѵɣһѧУһ·һûһģֿǰңΪʲôһصӣ
ҸҪϣ˵´ΰɣ´θҡ˵꣬һӻ뿪
´ΣԭأнԶıӰһʱЩͷԡֻ죬Ҧ
ǵˣģ
ҵʱæ˵ϵѧ¥ϡ

ϣĸ׺ҡͷʣԵĻҪȥ
Һһȥ
ĸȴ˵ҺСûʱ䡣
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ĸ׿ңûʱ䣬Զִж£㲻֪ж¡
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˵ȥƱ˾Ͳˡĸװһۣ̤ſڡ
ãƱ˵һҺʰ
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ĸһᣬҲžҪȥѾ뿪һ¡Ҵûʹ׹κ£ҸԼٹһ£ٹһҾͿһ
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Цϸ΢ġ
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ת۱ʮһǰϦҺĸױϲμԵĻ
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ҹĻ٣Ҽ߰ͬĸ׽һȶԷؾƵꡣ
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ģҹ˴ķ綼ġ
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ͨѾԴֻ񣬿¼Ǵֵĺ룬ҲȷҸղŲǳֻǵȷ
Ϊʲô㲻ٶ˵һЩأҶֻݵ˵һ̣ڿʼԶĲİ븸֮ͬ䷴ĸڷظһʧȥŶϧʧȥŶð




 44 

44

ĸ׹İӣձһؼҡ
صҵĵԴ绰ȷҰȫҺ˵һ¡Ҳ֪ǡǡ°εǸ̡
һˣǻдϵġĩˣԶ˵
ЦΪΡͬ㻹סù߰ɣ
ǺЦ˵һ䣺߾ͺá
ֻǼһ仰һȻʡµ绰һصҳǶˮӻã̾һͻȻʧ̱ڴϰڳɸ֡
ڵʱĸ˵ڵһת⣬ʱҲ޶ԣֻһʵҪ̫;ģͬԶĲ׶ĸףʲûǷ;ġ
˿ĵ׿յĸоȻҲԼìʲôҾȻعÿһգùҹڽȫɹˡ

СţΪʲôƲ֣
͹ҷңһΣţ±⣬ûϻشΪһˮǰĲ輸ϡ
ôҹ죬漴΢Ц
̧ۿһۣ³ĸ֣ǿջЦ
˲Ц޹Цݣʶɳϵֻ
Ǹһ㡣˵ʣڵȵ绰
ٿջĿ⣬Цҡͷϡ
μӻضĲɡ
ЦȡЦ˵ðɣ磬ʲôʱѩ
Գһӹء˳һǰۣһСǼģʮֿɰ
ǰôû֣Ҳпɰһ档
ˮһˮ˵ʱǣ֡ҳŷˮ
ͬҡ۾ҡ
ͷɨһǽϵıϰҪٵˡ
ȴһɵ˵ܾȥϰ壬ǡæ͵ðС
㣬ƽչôæԸ˯ذ˳˵Ц
ţһ⡣
Ҽ״
ô
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ң첻һŵֱðͻȻֻʱҡҲ˭̽
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ҷҵĸоԽԽ֣ͬദԶʶʱǰ⡣룬̫ڡ

ת۵ĩ׽ҹȥҡ;ͬʱ飬ֻ˵ٵȵȡҲΪʲôҪ׵ȣԶ˵Ǽ£ͷ𲻰ʣڵʲô
뵽ҵѾۿۡ
̲ڼңһŮӶˡó̲ڣࡣһΣԿ˵ࡣ
ûãĵ绰İһ˷ܵùͲС壬ҺͰְ軹нһ𡣳û
Լͬؿҳ常ЦЦվ¥
ԼڵԼЦԼķŲ£Ϊʲôողװһ԰¡

ҹİҪһ˯Ѿ˯ȴշת࣬ߡۣһƬٴιĳˣ̾Ϣ´ȥǼסķ䡣
ƿţҰһ߽ȥš
δ˿ο˯վڴǰɫ£ϵĸ߽űʢŹİɫҺ壬ҿϵı顣
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ȥõκŲض˵ҰְһίŽ
ҵҵסҰ죬ȻЦؽеľٴȥúƣȴһƿǿյģѾЩ
ҡ˵һ̧ͷҲſûױɫ·Ų԰Щɣν˳ĺˣ˭Ҳഺפ
İڼңٿһ㡣
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ЦǶֻ˵ҵĲǣìͷָͨͨҡţûһֻôĵ졣
ôúú÷ʡһ£ΪʲôҶֻ㡣ҲȥȽϿǿ֮пɺ֮һ㲻ȥͬ
޷ǾΪһûи׵ͯԹ԰ԣֻƾʲô˳ңΪȫ㲻ңΪ㸸ܸеȥʱҲ£ҲȢĸңңΪ飬Ϊ֮ˣΪֻڰң̫ˣôй
һûκ飬ΪУǾ䡣ҿ˵
û뵽һ˵һһ⣬㶵ؿңҲ˵ңİѾôˣ㲻Լ֣ҲҪΪһɡ
һ£¶ı˵İңҺЦҿоʮȤЦȻЦʲôѵ
˵ȷ˫ֵ΢΢ǣٴֳǵЦҺЦؿ˵룬ʮǰˡ
ɫ˲ѿ޺޵ضסҰ죬ҲΪؿҿѹ˵㲻֪Һ֮䵽ôһ£
ŭؿ
ǺЦض˵Ŷ㶮ʲôؼҼҵ֪飿
ҿЦҲ֪Ҫ֪
ת뿪ˣҲϲˡ
Ц˵粻ⲻӱܣͼӰɡҲŤŰ֣뿪䷿

峿ĲϣżҶװû
ʱ׺ȻпһҪȥˡ
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΢㳵ؿңҲΪ⣬˵ְ֣ҽʵ
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ԹʧһصҺİǾȵǼǽ顣
񣿡Ȼĸѵ
˵нˡ
ǡҶʱ
ʣô
˵İѧʵʵǣĹ˾˭ȥܡ
˵ǻİѧʱȥС
ԶֻʽǲȥҲԵġڸؿˡ
ͻȻЩ㱣Ҳҹֻ˷йˣǶҪع




 45 

45

һ֮ǰԸȢ
ͬһĸ̸ͬԽ¼ͥҼȿʧ䡣ĵǣҵ˸ԵҸʧǣ˵ҵǣسǵĵ绰ʱ
˵길ͬ£ʣô
ܺðְʰҸûбõˡҴǺЦ
Ǹˣ㣿Ȼʡ
˭ʳڲԽǴҽΪ£ŸĿ˵ûУûһ𡣡
绰ͷȻһƬĬͻȻûɸеѹûһ𣬴ʱ಻ֻǶԷĹ̡
ҰְҪ㹤ʱĵ״ЩΡ
ģ˾Ѿɫµִܲá
һһûҪ˼ҪҪͻȻ죬Ҳֱңš
ֻòԸȴ˵ģҲ׷ߡ
Ц´Σһ㡣
עǣӦԷһ¡
ǣһΪֹͨһע

ȥӮˡΪվνġ׷ߡӭţ˵ǡ·Ϊ㲻ڼҡ
Ҳ죬㲻æżӰˣ
ææɼôҡߵ԰˵
ҽͣҲ뵢㹤
ҽ첻Ӱˡ̱ڳɳϣһ۵ӡ
˾ͻؼϢܡҲǲӭ㣬ֻǡҺͱνġֽ
û˵ֻǾض˵ţҪˡ
ôˣڿĲԾ
̾óһ֧̣ȼ³һȦ˵һֱ
Ҳ˼˵ȥȴ˵ȥֻغһҲ⣺֮ʲôϵ
ţ˵Ҫˣ᲻ܾȣ
ҳһ˲Լ֮ǰǻˣһתͷɻؿңСţô˵
û뵽ˡ
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ʼ磬˫һ̯˵û˸¡
Ц˺һͣѹܶңò׷ɡ
Ҳûôģʵϰ°ˡҲڵرͷȥ˾ע⡣
ҳϣҵĳ̼
Ȼʧˡ
֣ȻҪ飬αҪ㵽ⲽأΪˣһֱ˼⡣
ЦŶ˵ûǾ仰ôȥҲΧǣһǷĹҿԹһ߽ȥе˼Яֹеվڷֲ·й絫վһȥҺţȴʧˡ
һλߵͷȴҲΪǼ£ʱھ£ͬȴֲ֪ΰοһʱ˵κλ
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ſۣҰ˵Сţƽ⡣
ˮˮҶ˵˹ڣ˭һ㶼Ŵһٱ˵ŵ㣬˭Ҫϲ㣬ǳĺʱ򡣡
ˮЦЦЦһ¡
˵ڣһǽ˼ҵϱȽϱա
Ҳ˵ȥʱֻҪһɵߣҲڱΪͬ¡
ȴ˵ڵŮӣжټױȴҪԽԽࡣ
Ů̲ͬסȱȫУҪȥֲɡ
ʧЦҲˣҲŮӡ
ҹɤӶ˵ڼǵˣǾͺã˵һҿǳСۡ
æ˵Է
Ҳ˼ҳԷ˵ʲôҲҪ롣
ȴ˵һҴСӦõġ
ǡ
硣
˵Ҳټ֣һֱֱۻ磬롣
ЦؿңߣϵԿףϼ׸ȥ

صңǰֻڿȥáֻںڰӫ5δ硣ȥ鿴ͬһ
ָڽϰ֣ʲô¡ͳȥҾصȴ

صܺùҴȥû˽ӣǲأҾ͵һĻþţֻĺæ򶨵ض˵ˡ
ң˭
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سȣʧ̬˵ʵѵáҵ͵Цһ˵˵زԣҪˣ˻ǵʿ
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ˡظҵĻʹи֮򣬼ʹҪ飬û׷㡣
ʲô˼˵
Ӧ㣬֪֪ԼʲôһŮôͬһи֮
ôأͬʲôγз֮ÿڲԣһʱ˵ĵ׻
ţ̫̫Ҳĸס
㻹֪̫̫Ұְ֣һֱ˵ûһ֮°½ӫĻڴڵش
ʲô
ѵ˵ʱŮ鰽ȥӡȼ͵鲻֮Ĺϵء֪سǵĳҲΪԼĴеβŶĸŮչмӣ˭Ҳ޷ȷ֮Ƿйʲô
˵£ΪسǣΪҿ԰εṆ̀ΪʲôǸֲ֪ϡ
ֻͣĻһֱĺ룬ȴᡣ߻ط䣬Ϊ̲ס绰һͨ˵Ϊʲô㲻űˣңҾôֵΣΡ
̾һ˵ˣسǣҪٴˣҹûɣԺҲٳ㷳ģǸ徲ˡ
ݸ̫õĸȫʧȥġ
ȴ˵ӮˣţҴӦһ£ʲôҶ
ҪٸҴ;绰ˣηѺùġҹɵص٩
绰ͷĬһһáеشҶǡཡæ
Ϊʲô㲻ǰһҡţ롱ˣұᶯҡ˵᲻߸Ұʱ䣿ΪʲôʣѾ軵ˣȴھٳˣҲ֪ӦÿĻӦÿ
ͻȻһ仰һ仨ͣлһ㣬ˡ֪Ƕ䲻֪ˮǲĻлģҵģһˡ
һƬţڲٴڷޡ




 46 

46

ϦҹһƬڣʯ챻̻յÿһǡ֪һ꼴Ҫȥˡ
е̻Ѥ֮ɢʣзһݼŵİ飬һʱ䣬ȻʱҶߣ˵һѧУʵϰλĲɼδϸ˵á
ƴһ̾Ϣܿ챻һֵڸǡ
˴սҶ˵֣㣡İˣҿһ¶̨һ߸ͬˡӶЦĻ棬ӵ䡣
ʱߵɷһŮһ㲻һˣΪʲôҪ޸ֻΪļұҪسǼƽϣ˵ף޷Ϊں
Ϊʲôں֪
㣬ǽȥСꡣİҶߺҪҽȥǾ䡰С塱һڣҵıһۡվһİ֡
㣿
뿴̻ҶİϵĲţת̻
תѾİҾʼڡʵ׵غܣ㻼ûʧǰʲô
ѹǮһֻǰʳָָȻһÿ
֡ҳſУתͷԸЦ
Դ㵣漴չգվͺãϲʲô򡣡
áЦЦ˵ְ֣ˣҪȥ˯ˡ׺תȥװŸҵԷ
ֻһַ¡ĸ׵һطҹ꣬ҲʱѾ˯ȥΪвٰҹ
ǣǣǣΨԼԼ˵֡

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ӵԴĵ绰²죬Ļҵɻ󡪡Ҳס
һԤѮ˵ҹȥ㡣
˵רʵϰȥɣĲͰ趼ء
ЦԵĿһڸı䣬Ҹ磬˿ġµ绰ʱǡɿ죬ֻͬĸԿף߳ȥӭ
·ǻ˵᲻ڡ˵塣
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Ҵ𣺡ϡθʣôҴ绰
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һ꣬Щϰߡ˵꣬̾ٵΣǵһͬһ꣬һꡣ
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šʣϳʲô
֪ԡԼиûУҪҪԶߣǼҲã˵ĻҪѽ
衪ҹϳҲȥ
ţ㻹ᣬŸոտʼ
ʧЦոտʼΪʲôȴҵѾȥ롣
û˵ĸʳָҵŻع񣬵Ǽ֣֮ĶȥڱУ
֪ΪԼһ£±Ǹûᡪ
裡Ҵĸ׵ĻְѾѧУʵϰ
ѧУ
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¸е֣Ѿôʲôϻǲ˵úúãҼסˣĸ״ˡ̧ĸ׹
˺ˣǳȥԡĸױҶҺߡ͵һ壬ؿĸ׺ҡ
ϲһھһĸоã

ʮ󲻾ãԵıԤǰһϣǶ̥ܼ¸˵زˡ
µף״ȥʵϰѧУƽһˣѧУĲν̵һѧɵǣҷֵУŮǼ칫ҡ
꣬Ǹҵɰˣ˵ԶᣬŵĻͷȥұسǿеġϵŮΡ
Ϊ׵ĹϵУرչҡҵһУòͣÿҶһȥʳóԷ
ܿ죬ͬΪѡ

֪ԵãҲԶ֪˭ֱ죬ңʶĲ
ҵһػ˵ϵĴʦ֣ô
ûʲôͻȻ㶼ǡýһϵʡ˵ؼˣ
ôҹⲻȷ˵һ亹һǵùس˵Ļ˵ʡǡҪ֪
ҶĲһ֪ҲˡұΪʲôվûʳڣһȥ˵档
ֻû뵽ҪסҼңҺҵľ档ְͣҪȥء
ʣѣ
𣺡ûУҲȥ˵Էǿ˾ģҲ̫̫ĻŴӦҡ
Ҳ⣺ʲô⣿
룬˵Ҳϲˣζ
ҲѽʧЦɰһС䡣
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˵Ǹĸ֮˵ϲġ
Ҳϲˡƶ˵ſʼͬҲңҪӦңȥǸˡ
һ룬ͷû뵽˵ȥҽ㡣
áӦǡİؼҵӣٽпྲغá

ѾʧߺܾãһۣǰǳͬһӢͿףʱεƣߣ̨ƶסԵˮ䣬һεرͷȥڻƵĵƹҴߡ
һֱΪʱһеҩΪʲôҩϻδЧ룬ҲҪʱȥǡ
֪˶ã㱼䣬ҷ·̧Ϩ˴ͷյơ
ʱɫ谵Ƴδߴңϸ꣬ȴѵþ㡣

ʮһ׼ʱңһ˵ǡһߡȴ¶⡣
ҾǹҪȡ˵ʼһ𾲾
һ˵߰ɡһߡ
ҿһϵıʣԼ㣿
ʮһ롣
Цʮ㣬˭ôһֱȥ
͡緢ӣض˵
Ŀĵأҵ²죺
Էĵط
һţһͣĳһ˵ûߣôܡ
ѭȥһλɫͼõӱǶڲԶȷ
ÿһ룬ˡ
û棿
ûС
Ƭ
ûģʵڲá¶ɫ
ҵ֣οȻǺԵͶݡ
绹ԥӦѾߵ˵롣ֻķ׶ķ
Ӧ󣬾ߣһۣĬذӴɨ
ӣվԭһʱ֪ǰ߻ˡ
ҵۣԱҸӳԾվҼ״æ˵һ£ˡɡҲ˲תܳȥ
˻ҵ֣ǰ˼ҹҲѵͻȻΪ˺ף
ԽԽţ·һʿţͷҲһص뿪
·ϣҲ϶Լ˵һҿˡ




 47 

47

Ǯ³Ҽſڵǧȷ׵£һʱߵԸӣ첽ߣóԿȥš
ԣ˵һˡ
ˮۿתȻģ˫ۣԿ׵ȴôҲղ޷Կ׼ȷزԿ׿СǰһֻеԿסȥŴ򿪣ұӵŽš
һоξЩعͷȴ̧ͷһѱסؿڵ͵͵سҭֻҵı
ƽٵеͣҵĶͷţһˡ
ʲôæףҺ޺޵˵
ڳԴףЦ⡣ҪллⳡϷ
ԭǴͨõģ̇ͷûؿŷüǷݾѾڡྲң˵û뵽ôת⡣
ҹŲӡ
˵Ҫˣ̲Ҫ˵Ҫ
λ£뿪֪á
˵Ҫúþĸ׾عӡ
ȷϣˣ
š˵
Һ֪֪¶
˵꣬鲻ԽֿʼᡣĻһֱҰģϸϸݰĲʲôֺαѹֶĸ顣
ڶοң֪һֱ֪
ģ֪Ͽ绰ҲһƵ˵
˭˵ԺҪٴ绰Цã˭ǼҵСŤһֱķǡ
СŤ֪Ϊҿ޵øˡϸţҪˣ˺òá
ƿóֽϺҲһѣƽٿְ֪
΢΢ףǶңȥ
ɺˣҪˣȥ·ȻҪϵ·Ѿʪתһմʪ·
ҪҪؼһ·
ʧЦҵķȥһؼҡ
šӦһҷƢԹԽһɾ·
վڷſڣЦңˣ
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ȴ̧ۿֻű𴦣˳ƫͷһ£ɿͷǶˮ䡣
ʣϲ𣿡
ڵ绰˵ַ֪ŵȥˡҶʱ˫ջط̣ͷᡰšһǻش
˵ȻĻ䣬ڳܡ
ӿɸжȻһ֪ʲôϸţҲ롣֡

һͬȥ׼ҡ
ˡ׼һ֣۽üҺλϲһԣЦӭ
ûɵشһͻоֱս
ǽдɩɡس˵
Ҽͷȴʱ廰Ƚ̫̫ˡԺۡ
סôû뵽֣ͬĸϴνҪҺС塱պԽ飬ҪҽһİͬİС塱ʮꡪ
ʱ۸ıֺˡس˵˵Ϊδ˵꣬ƫͷЦ⿴ҡ
ҲáҲá˵ʮֿ
뿪ʱ򣬸ײδͬſڲŷڡ

ȥǣʻϴسʡƫͷ벻κξܾɣ˵
ȻҸؼҡ죬鼫õӡ
˵ҪһؼңЦ
ôʡ
ҿĲͷ῿ʵļϣ˵ûʲôǻؼҰɡ
û˵ǿճһֻҵֳذڷϡ
;Ľ־ںӾ˺˺˺ҾļͷϣͻȻްĶҸһ̡

һһ칫ңһұӭʣǰԵ
ֻЦ
ųɾǣҲãҰҲýһҵԭ򡯡
һ˵ҲͻȻ𣺡У˵ޣöһе˼
òˡͣƺɬ
Ҽæʣʲô
Ĳ˵꿴ҺǺЦŷڹҡ
ˣô֪ҹ˵ȴѾµ߰˷֡
ֻǸոտʼ˵
Ҵսػ˵һ֣֡󡪡
ţô֪統µתһɻҡ
ҿζض˵һηҿɲǡ׳ԡ
һ֪ˡȻˡ
ʱ˺һʦȥϿΡ¾䡰¿˵ϵĽ̰Ҵ߳ȥ
ǼϵĻ⣬˵ֻǳڽһԼʵʹ˸õӡ

ϣؼҵ·ϣһ۵ģҲпԵ־תǧض
ôˣسʡ
ûʲôһˣе⣬־֮СΪؼݳû뵽пעҡ
󡣡
سظ֣õĳûй⡣
ֶӡ
֪
ҰƲ죬ҴӲС˵ļ
ƣͣͻȻתЦؿʣʲô飿
ɻ󣬲ʣҷƺرá
ҵЦ̵ת·ӣٳҼûȤƵ⿴;Ľ־

صңһţһͬʱͷͷҵĶͷҵۡһ̣Щڵرȥȴ°ͣ촽
ЩУʶʧ֮ʣŽҷſӵߡ
һͬʱͣ½Ų
衣ĸڶĵɳϣĿֱֱҪҸеϻĸоӿ
ɡĸָָһĳɳʾҺ͹سǹȥ
ұسȥ£мͷҿĸסôûȴ绰
ĸسǺ
Ҽĸһ£ʶ˵͵͵һ۹سǵһ
ȱĿô죬Զ˵ˡ۸ıĸĸָؿһۣ߶ϣ㻹ûдȥλ˼Ұɡ
ûɵؽתͷسǣ˲һʵǹؼҶӣĴ˼ûŵڹûĸ׶˵ͬ׽̫̫⡭ͻȻתͷȥĸףس˵ͬĸţ˵ֻҪϲû
ĸЦ˵ңĩһŻؼҼҼҸĸ
Ļĸһ㶣ֻǶ˵һ䡰˯Ա㡱ط
Ҵǣ˵Щʲôֲ֪׸˵ЩʲôһʱһĿڴʹѡ
Ҫġسһҵ֣תȥʣĴȥ㸸ĸ
س˼ǽŰοңȻһõ£ֻΪ룬ȲҪ붫һ˵ʲôžͺãҪΪ¸ĸŮʧ˺
˵꣬ҵͷſ뿪




 48 

48

Ŀĳʻ룬ҲŻ˼ҡ
ĸѾڿע⵽ϵ·δ
ĸԵλûҹȥҳǰ£ĸ׽ĻȴҴ⡣
ȥߵʱһ͵͵ȥ޳ˣʱǾ֪Ųֻ㲻֪ƫƫҪǿ˵⣬ĸ̾Ϣһ
裿Ҳŵؿĸʣ˵㡢ǣ
ʱԶȥǶڴʯޡ
ʱ֪ڣڻһʱ޷š
ûһǰһҹδߣһ컹δҾ߳ŴҴҸȥʱ벻ΪʲôҪȥֻһһ棬˻ȴֲۿ뿪Ψбڽ
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 49 

49

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