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1

1  ... 
 
 
念ʮһĩ
үүߣ԰ﾡ̨ףİţܼһ·ţһ˵һطTժĳ飬
ȲˣطTЦһҴҵʣ԰˿ҲȲˣ
ɻãطT˵ţһߵĸ죬ںͼСһ·Сֲ̫ܵ¸طTǰ档


طTƿԺһԵű㺰ЦһԵֵأ
ĸЦŻصں԰أطTüǽϿôϵ԰ȥˣЦʦΡôطTеʵɺأʦ˵Ĺαȹĺü綼ҪǿЩأ
طTЦԽԽͷˣתĨǵƨĵϣ
ү˵ۼҸĹأһߴȤ
ūţطTĽŸһţЦ֪ȤһͿӣߣ԰ǵĸȥ

񡪡
ꡪöţ
硪
ôͰͣͷڰˣ̧ͷ񡪡ʲô
ˣ
أ¾ţϥϵĭ
ƫ㣡ղ㣡
ý㡪ˡҡϾ䣬Сһš
ϾꡱЦ֪ﲻסǰԺ˵أҲûмأ
ңҾȥ˦Ͼܡ
ĶȥϾżס

ģҪ˭ȥæ
磡۾һ
ɲطT룬ĹٷûüոµĶˮӯӯĳ⣻Цӯӯء
硪˵طT§طT
طTסӣֻխСļ򣬡벻磿
ָطTЦüֻǣ첻ԡ
Ǿǲ놪طTüƲȴļͷѵĸˡ
ǲ˵ССͷطTĲ䣬һ§סطTĲӣһĸطTԺˮķ裬طT͵Цš
ЦطTװҪգƿԴţ͡񡱵ЦĴ
벻롪벻롪벻룬طTҲЦӡ
硪ЦֽŶˣĿطT
طT֣ͣλ˺öһͷʾϾߣȥ





2

2  ... 
 
 
磬§طTĲȲš
ôţطTС۾Цġ
Ҵʲô˰
öööࡪطTڳһֻڿбȻһԲֹصƲƲ졣ڲ㡪
ԼȥطTĸ첲ҪȴطTһ׽סЦڿ˾ͲĆ
ڿɴ۾
ҧ촽תת˵Ҳˣ
ͶඣطTЦŵСӣѽԹԵĸŸ磬öģ
߽ǰԺӵݣֹսߵֻ᷿һŴİ϶һĶ»˺ЩӴССװţмֻѾͷ׶ĿĲ֪װʲô
µȥӸǡ
˳ǼӶˣطTˬʵķԸš
һֻֻӡžžĶ˸ӣһĵߣһǱߣֻһպһСߣһƷڼȵСѼй㶫Ͻӣемӵĳ֯Ʒ
ˣ˼аŪһּϵСӻûӣֳطTطTЦŹһ䣬鿪ϵһֻСɰȡһСԿףԷӣŲŽţͰ͵ĵſӿڹⲻһߣ
ʲôѽСָأʹѹͨ죬ɴ۾Ҫ
طTŪСУһ֪
šʹĵͷ
ģطTһЦȻסЦ
硪ССţҲӶˡ
طTӡꡱһЦСеݵưգ
ҿϻӣѽһг
ֻϻ˺һ˿࣬˿ޣֻ¶һС񣬱㽫ϸϸĿ
ϸС񣬼ϸӣ̵С˶ϸޱȣͷ˿ɼ·ҲϸСֻһתƳǵһС롪ЦòˣָСǡ⡪
ôطTЦס
ɲ
һСһ߾¥طTСԴطTĳϣЦס
طTЦţ޳ָĦС

ʲôأô֣һ̧ͷƼϱѾͷſЦǱ߾ˣ
㣡ɿطTĸ첲ЦŽСøϿ
ϣⲻѾͷ𣿡ǾЦҲ߯˼ˣطTѰ֣Ҳһ
طT߼ϵæȹȥסЦݵһˣרǡһϣΪСˣ֪ʲôߴ񣬱С񡣡ֵӲˣԻͲȥһѩҲǣ֪ˣúõţο񣡡
µģæԭ˵ˣﱾҲƣҳ
ѩҲæͷ˵Լˡ
ûüЪЪȿڲɣЦطT㣬ǸƵģһæЩҲЪһЪʲôʱƵģһֵֻ֣СѾͷֵģٲ²ģ
طTߺǺǵЦţ֨
߰ɣҽŪ˵㣬ȥһ˲裬ͷںҲҵ£Ϸѩٵ֣Ժȥˡ

ϺطTŲ裬˵Żȴû˼һЩʶǷ졣طTϥϣ˯ģ硪һطTĲӡطT⿪ΧԼӵ֣ЦͷģŲ˰գ
طTıԺЦ
֣طTߵ
ү
طЪȥɡ
ҵĶأԺĻС
ѽطTЦֵ˳Ѷ̧Ǳȥֵͷİɣٲģ
˯طTЦһ£ͷ˯ˡ
ֽӹطT
ЩطT˵
үİգҴãּطT˱Ц
ţطTЦ˵Щˣ
лүǹң൹ûУĽˣҼҲнǡֵͷ
طTͷֻۿЩȡ
ϼ˵ˣæЦź۹ǸԿͷģ񵹱ĺЩΣ
ֱôȥˡ
طTŻع۾ǿЦҾҲáͷٶЩգҺԵġ





3

3  ... 
 
 
ĸطTֺ͹˵һϱߵļţʼµ£Σรεȵȡϸ飬ﲻ
ѩ٣طTԸȥЪŰգֶԶЦҲˣֵ
¡ЦصֵͷүҲþûô˵˵ˡ
طT˹һֳۣԵһͷջʰ϶£ȥ鷿һȥЪŰգԼעӡϱߴѻͷúòһ˵˷ţ鷿ˡ

ѩīһ鷿ȥһ̧ͷȴ˳ҵĳżСѾͷҲ鷿ȥŻ貢ʲôģ֣סһСѾͷʵæһ簡˵ˣүˣ鷿һûסˣ˵棬ٻһ±ôүҪ鷿סأѩīΪɺɲǣڿڵѩī²ףҪֵֿ˹˳ҵĵ㣡ĥĥʲôأѩīʹɫͷһʱҲ˵Űգ
ѩī˲裬طTͯǡڣЩ¡͵鷿Ĳãֻ鷿ʰļֻ飬һһֻ¯һǰһʽͨĹñΣǽһݶм֣ûʲô۵װΣϱһţʯӣ߾ˡ
һĥΪⱴүҪ˯еª鷿ôţһҲˣ˼ز裬Щ⣬ֻطTȻ̧ͷģѩīһ£æһصүū²طTЦ˵ʲô?
ѩī̧ͷҽѩī
ŶطTͷȥЩˮգ Ъˡ
ѩīӦˣҪţȴֱסˣһ¡ֻͷԸ
Ҵ˾ͷ淿ͺãҳȥߣõˡ
ȡ
ү
ôˣطTһѿ⣬ֻͷ
һȥľ̫õĻū澾Ͱڻϣˡѩī˻æͷǵͨ졣
طTһ£ЦҲأֻ￴ȥŪҲȥЪŰա

طTߵķ⣬ֻĵƻģƿţϾæҪʣطT֣æڿڣ˯˺һˡ
طTͷŵĹȥĴߣ˯죬һƷϣ˯֪޾ϵĺΣطT΢΢һЦԵıӵһѹסһ©磬ȴƳһǰףҿͷһǣȴǰǸС񡣡ͰطTЦһᣣ߳
ϾҪôطTָ֣ߣ˼Ҫߣͷӣȥ

طT˷鷿ͭһˮϴ֣¯ߵˮݽţϴš䣬һʱ˯ֵĻȴͻȻڶˡ˯ҲֵһСطTȻú˸УһִȻһ֣ΩԸҪִһ





4

4  ... 
 
 
ϳһɹ⣬ޱ¡ֻľA뾩Ⱥȥһ󡣳֮󣬿طT
طTһڲ裬³磬طT˵˴һˡ
ʰ˵ĻΪʰǣԭǷڵ£ܽеķѣ˻ءطT˫Ų裬ȴҺȣֻЦŴ𻰡
˹ʰţҪʲôأ²룬Ц
ѾСˣܵҪͣһʰϿ佱ѾȵͻҪˡطT΢Ц˵
طT²룬
ôЦʲôˣ
и֮룬طT¿ڵʰ׼
ʾ
ʰ겻ҪȥȺӣ롪
㲻ԸȥЦݣе졣
ң룬ʰ׼һҲȥطTֻܹڵ˵
ŶҲֻ֪«ʲôҩ˭ôӣ޵Ҫ
֪ʰɻǵöϵС񡪡طT̽
˵
ǡطT´ģ֪δ𸴡̧ͷſ
룬ȴæȲ衣
ʰꡪ
ǲÿɷ
ʰΪѣջظղŵֻʲôû˵ա
ȴ²룬طT
طT۾ȴſ
޲֪ΪʲôҪ˴㡪
ֻǡ
ȴִȻ뷨񶼲СˣȻˣޣΪ
طTϲ⣬ҪлȴֹסһΣ²Ϊ
ȻסطTл
աЦ뾩£ջֽţ֪᲻һˣ޸Ķ䣻Ҳǿ˴й㿪
лʰ䡣طTٴΰл
αٰݣ޶Ѿƽˡ
ղǶİлһݣлʰĶ䡣طTݹվЦ
޵ʣôˣ
лʰĺ鸣һжáطTЦصǰЩҲѾʼдˣ˵Ҳӿɽ̡
ˣҲ˰գ˵һŮӼҲҪѧʣȻԣҲǶĺЩЦô磬Ҳĸˡ
ʰ˵ЦˡԴȥԺ󣬻ǻʰʱףʱ̽ʣöܹչˣҲ˻ʰĸ
Ω̾Ǹ磬ͷвŮû˶ֲȰǣȻҲ޿κΡҹͷزģҪȥԸͷȻȹݸȴ徻ЩЩҲǶ㣬ȻҲδܳŵաЦݣ̾Щ˸С
ʰģֻҪطTһ죬һίطTŴǦɫһһ˵
⻰޾ͷˡ֪Ҳ԰ˡһǿЦЩˡҲˣ򰲰ա

ҹǸطT鷿ڴϣʼ˯ţһ飬Ͼʮ˴һ磬̸̸ȥһ ЩΪѾˣȻʰ껹ڣ̫֮λַϣһˡ̫Ӵ󰢸ѾУԼÿҲıطGʼǲɫȻֱɱˣʹԼĶĲһ֣ҲһΨһŲµֻʹԼĻʮģŹФ֮ӣһˣǰλոռȥҲһ£¾ʹطGҲʹһУҪһӵĹѣ΢Լ⻳ɲ¼ɣѲܷ⣬˺ǻʵ۵һ仰Լ粻Աܲί.
ȥܰȻ˯طTֻüһָŷֶͷ亹
Ƿźµʱȴš֨ϡһ￩һ¡ʱȴʯССһǣһֻ籵СЬӴż̤˹
طTæϥϵӦ䡣
СЬӡ󡱵СܹطTּĹߵЬӣطT䣬ֽĻطTطTԼߵĴϣһסֽС֣ս⿪طTļͷطTͷ°ͣȴСˮһָȥˮʵôˣ
طTļʵøવ˵ҡ.ոաμμ˵һֿ
ޡ˵μʲô˵¶ˣ⡣
ҡҡμ.ˡ.˵ž˵طT޵һһġ





5

5  ... 
 
 
ҵһӶûаһ·ЬʲôģһæµˡҪȺȥͷæʰ
񣬶Ѿˣȥ԰ӣֲǰңòŰ䷿ȥɡһ߰٩뱨ԹţһŽ
ֹǷ䣬ʹӹ࣬ҪȥأϾһЦһţͰæģүռ۳ԶţҲûô󶯾
һ˼үǶȥҲӦŮֻԼȫԼָСѾͷǹӣϾ˵ɫ
ǣְǻֵĹȥ§ֵһֳϾƲ졣
ôǡϷѩһصĶﵽ:Ҫȥأ
үҪȺȥ˵Ҳȥʰôһѳ
ˣƵ˵ǰ˵ҪļѼһõأԭҪǱȥˡ
Ǿǣ㿴˵ЩȫôŰɡŹϵţ㿴ҿʰĺòã
ѶѵޣеģǿЦأԽԽܸˣ
㿴㿴ɩӶ˵ŪĺأϾƲ졣
㿴ѾͷиľͰܵʲôǣһһ׵ģ˯ѿޱӵĿһأ
䣬æСȭͷҪȻϾһһǡŵطTϡ
طTһȴεķԼЦðʧ̧ͷҲڣһ£ЦҲ
ϵͷҲ˳ѵøĵţʲô²ȫҲøšּˣæЦ
ҲעЩαֲġطT̾
֪ˣϻͷѩ٣ҹȥգҲˡ
ѩٷطT߹ȥطֻԵ˵ͷ
ʰŶ˾󣬲зɣֻⱴүԸҲ̫䵭Щ
硪ҡطŢ֣ͷɻ󲻽⡣
طTŻعֵɶʰˣ
ǲһֻӡϾһһ˵ŶطTΪ棬ǸϽϣ
ϾסЦȻһΣǵҪ⡪ô󣬡
طTüëϾЦλӣͲðװأ
طTЦ˵Ѿͷ⸮ܱˣͷҲЦ
硪ƼطTҲЦ ϾһۣطTҲЦң
ȥһȺӣõô࣬ҵ˻ʰﻹʲôƵģطTͷοһֵ⼸ֻӶҪˣֻҳԼ񼸼ͺˡ

ѩٽѾͷǴ˷ϵӣ÷ˡھ̨ǰ̨ѩٽУ̾˿ͷ˰ɣûθڡ
ӡôڲһأԷôأѩ˵Ź
˵ĵ̾˵߼Ըʰ硣
ҹ˯ѩټˣСʵôˣԽԽɢˣӲأʲôίѩԭ޹ѾͷҲԼŵĹġϼʣֻǵͷҲûʲôֻǾүԽ䵭ˡѩټ˵Թϼ޹λүһֱҲǵģ²񾡵ˣʱȴ˵ãֻǿЦҲ߯ˣΪĺˣһʱԹ˵ˡץסѩٵĸ첲ֻáȴֹǵôѩټʵֻǾãѩٿô£õƺԽԽˡô£ϴȥȴ˵˵һ˵ͷȥ·˵ʲôɻĻƵġ
ѩٳĬһ㾿ǶˣǸӡȥ磬¹˸ĸ˼ԶЩҲеģô
ϼ˵ֻõͷ̾Ҷ˰ա˯գˣҪءѩЦ⼸Ҳûˣ縮϶ֺüˣɼҲΪģοģָĶͷЦҲû˵ģ

硪Ͼ׽ױ̨ǰⷢ裬طƿϾܹȥճסطTطTֻЦô֪ˣżϵζˡ
˵ֲŮˣζأطTռװ
ְطTᣬ̧ͷİ̧ͷϾţһ޹
ϾֻǿЦϾȣԼҲ岻ϻ˵ȥЩȲطͷϣڴ˵磬ȺԶԶԶѽŸ簲ĵ˯һ͵ˡطͷϾһķ裬硪ҲϲӡŶΪʲôطһĸƽͷһŻ鷳ÿһҪһû£طĲЦѾͷֲҪ㶯֣㵹鷳ҲͲ𣿡ͷУطװ׵ŮӼͷɺͳ
㲻졣
طЦ㵹ǽҾ㲻ͷ
ʦ˵أνʿΪ֪ŮΪüݡûãҪģİ׽طͷ֡ط˵ǹЦһ󣬺ֹסЦ˵˭˵ûãҲˣ˵ɴ۾طΣҲ𣿡ôأʲôأ컨巢㶡
ɵѾͷطTǰЦ
˵ŻһˣͿطϥ˯ˡϾ˻Ҫ˵ˣȥ˲˯
үҲЪˣϾȥ
šطͷϣںñ
Ͼһ·͵棬ְֵʱ򣬡طЦϾ
ֲСӣôءöЪЪˣΪҲܲšϾЦ
طЦЦԣֻȥϾһ䷢ҲЪŰա

Ͼһ㶡ֱط붼ȥȺһˣŵͷطڴϣղһĻϲĥλүһĺƢԼ븣̲Ĺϵе






6

6 6  ... 
 
 
[½ѱΪշ½]




7

7 ҹ磨ϣ ... 
 
 
أطT㼸Сʰû
ںأ˵ʲôųԺۻȥˡ
ȥطT˵ţԺȥ
˼Ƽ߰ܣϾһСں档
ôôأطTüϾ
ˣҪǸС˶ҲϣۻȥȡŵˡϾͷһ£ֻ˵˶һʲôҪأ
ôҪʲôҪأ㿪ϾָͷطT֣磬ϳ
ҪҪطTЦţһ潫ϣһԼҲ˳

ֻһ·ϳգȴ²ÿһǣǰһ·ƣҲһƬλεĻɫֻ߾ͷһƬԻݵҲʢװ˽Ӳӵһ縻ơ
磬ǰĳﶼ˭ѽӣתߵطT
ʰ갡йļλ
ǻкöఢ𣿡˵
˼ҿɲءϾҲ̽ͷһ۵㵱Ƶġ
ᣡ˼˵أϾһ۵ҵĸΪʲôȥأ§طĲʡ
Ϊ㣡طTıЦʰҹİࡣ
ҹﻹҪһˣűӲ⣬ʰôţҾֻһ
ѾͷҲ̫̰˰ɣǻʰּ㵹˵ж£лʰĻʶƵĻʦƽôģϾطһۣЦ
Ǵʲô˲ģʰôһ࣬һ٣ͲţҡͷԵ˵˵ˣһʰ갡ҲӦõİ
⻰ź˵ˣɱȥطTһĿڣһЦ֪˲ġ
֪գգۣƳϾһ۵Ҹղ˵ʲôˣ
ûСϾЦһ˵
Цţҿʲôû˵Ŷ
طTüëͷѾͷ治ʰı񣡡

Ǿһֱס𣿡ͷܾ޴ĻҰɫɹŰһµ̫ࡣ
ظ񣬽ġ
ˣ֪ˣȥɡ
ϻҪλһţġ̫˼̵̫๬Ůˡ

һһҪȥ𡪡طT´鲻Ըġ
ЩûʰˣͲ밡
ǡҲϲİ磬Ű绹ʲôʮİ磬һҵӣ
Ϲ˵ʲôʱ˼ҽˣ˵ԹԵڻʰߡطT˵Ϲһ£죡
ʰߣͷط䱧ԹͣÿζҪۣ˵Ҳ񷨣ء˭涨ֻͻʰ׽ˣˣƫ
ǺǺǡˣһǵȥطTסĸοأϾǸúװװ磡
ҪǿʸڻʰߣطTգգۡ

Ƶ⣬λѾźţȴط˵һ߸˵ģǧиЦ½

λ硪ʱһ̫ȫһʱֺ˾Ȼ
طһ˷ԸطСĩϯ£˿ߣڰһССɧ
лʰ¡طTһְۣԹȻվȴǴ󷽷ȥ·ﲢûһȺǡ




8

8 ҹ磨£ ... 
 
 
طGˣڿԡ
ЦҪˣ°ɡڰ緽Ŷˡ
һǰСȰ˵޺ò׺һԸ㳢ʰô
ţͷƼطTͷͷ̧ͷ˵ллʰꡣͷ⡣
ó𣿡Цʵ
óԣýζӣǺǵЦţּһߡ
ͿĿͷǿ⡣۾⿴طһĳЦмǲҲһ⣬͵Ĵߣʰꡪ
һ㶣ԥſ졣
һ£Ƕһ
ϡȫҲˣ
һۣôֻͷһȺİǵкβ𣿡
ûûСȫ˳棬ū˵ģˡ
֪ˣͷƵ˵зִ硣ֵͷʲôԵģ߻ʰ꣬ʰ

ʰôˣطû˦°ڣеϣطGһ߲ɫ磬˵ʰ۸ȥѾͷӣ
ʲôֵģطŲ裬̧ͷЦʰ겻ֵܣܵԼǻʰʸʵŮİˡ
Ҳûô򵥰աطGչӻţ˼˵ҿǸѾͷءĺøûڵٷ˼
ҿҲǣ˰һֱߵģϾʮһѾͷడطһٲ볯ط
ǿĥط鲻ΪȻ˵ҿʰѸߣǰ̫Ӷ󰢸¶ƫ۸Ҳûʲô˵ģǿֵ֮ˡ
ʮ磬˵㣬⹬ͷҲôЩˣ߹˸ôĻһûطŤͷطûĵҾǿǸ̳ǸѾͷͰһǸҪǸʰˡҲԼʲôҲڻʰ
ҶǻʰĶŮʲô䲻ģطGЦЦʮĵܣ⻰˵̫ˣϰȻǲһ·ģȴϺСѾͷȥ
Ҳ˵طҲЦطʮĵܣҲ̫СƢЩ
ˣҲ˵ˣ˶һطεЦЦͦҲǣҲǣ֮ҲԾ£ҲˣһȥЪˣԣҲúø¶һ֣

طGططţɫڣطĢͷɫֿҪˡ
ôȻ˴ˡطⶥطGؿЦʶĸɲİ
ǳһݸ˿ģҲţطGƿĸ첲ЦҲ˽ңҿǾе˰
˰աطЦסطGļ򣬡˵ģ¶㵽ôģ
Ҫ˵滰طGЦʡ
Ȼ
ʵͦɰģǶӡ
ǷϻطǺǵЦţ5꣬ȻǺˡ
˵ǶǻʰĶŮ˵ʵڵģѾֻǡǡˣطGЦݣп˵˵ʱҲδĹ
ǵһǼ򵥵ĵգطƳطGһۣϰ˵ĻҲǲ֪˵ĵϰݺݵһҶϰ˾ϧأ
طGû˵ֻЦ
Цʲô
Цʮĵǿ㣬طGطļ磬ЦһҲɵɵ
Ҳĸ˽Ұ

øһѺģطTصж˵
ΪʲôѽһԴĲס
ôŸʰιأ
ôͲˣһʰѽܸι˾ܸʰιˡ
һ𣿡
ôͲһˣɴ۾
һʵطT֪ˣЩĶǶթ׵ģطT룬;ͰѷС̸δֻ̣õͷһһֻһ仰Ժôˣ
ȡȻӦˣȴʼвһˡ
طTԼϥϣͷ˵ûй˼ȴ̾˿
۾ģ֪ˣԺˡ
طTЦЦԣˣϽȥ˯ɣ컹Ҫأȥԣ
ðð˵֡
ǾϽȥ˯
쿪С첲㱧ҹȥ
طTĶͷЦá˵žͰڼͷʷһȥԭʷмĻһ߿һ߾ңطT䣬ԶٷֳһطTúԺ󣬷˴磬뿪Լһȥ
ϣǳò˯ΪʰĿչ˾ǵΪˣ˿϶ΪԼڽ裻Ҳ֪˽»ôΪ˴γйϵͬСɣһȺ԰ﻹ֪ݳʲôԼһͷͳôзһ٣ǲ֪βȡ.ţշת࣬ʱ֣˯ȥ





9

9 Aϣ ... 
 
 
񣬿ˣϾһһ
סͷԸ˵˯һ
첻AȥǼҰү¹Ͼһ˷ܡ
ѽһ´Ͼױ̨ǰͷ
һһʣأ
ͳȥˡŤͷôأȻϾаԴתȥֻϾƹүҪү̼ݣһȥǱߺˣϾıӣһ˵ĸƵģ䵽󲻶

ūŸ밲ˡ
ת¹һС̫࣬һŮûȿڣϾʵǡ
ظūŽгүָģרŸӦ⼸յʳӵģС̫صΪ⼸հ˰λҪʱҪǣ˵ĸȱӦūŴѩӣרźʲôҪֱӾͿϣЩ
֪ˣʲϾֵ
ǻϴ͸һװ˵Žѩӣеһ̽ӹϾʱһźɫװǾ£ʵôҲҪ𣿡
Цԣǻ͵СͬλＰͬԡ
ˣʲôûУ
ûˡ
ҵţȻġȥ

һʱ·籸緹ù֮泣һͬⲻԶһƬյأһĿ̨һЩȺڳĺ棬Ͼ֣ߵ̨һ࣬Ҫȥȴͣ½ţȥ֮󣬰أūҪȸλ밲
ҪģɫЦֻҪūţūԻøˮ©ġ
šаգ͵ͷ
̨ϣֻ𣬽ʢװĹ󸾣е߻С磬ͷͷһѵǹ
ĸ밲ȥ˴
𣬺αд˴ءЦŵͷ

֮⣬һˣһŵɫһѩɫ֮⣬δͬͻݹæĸĸ
һЦþòˣôˣ첻ҪˣϿɣһúõĶһ˼䣬Ž뿪ԶˣԻݹã㿴ȥ⼸꣬ǳԽԽÿˣ
ɲǣģЩŽʱ򣡡˵ţ̾ϧడ֪⺢ӽôأ
жԣɵȣһ·񣬲׵һˡ
һƼǰһճƮɣԼѾΧһſĻиλɹŵĻؽĺӡ
һʱǱ߿һ̧ޣ˱ӱ޿ԡ
߿̨ϾԶһ첲ˣ¾ŲӿȴֿȻֻ֮䣬ɱмܹģҲм˺Χһģ֮էȥ൱֡һſطTԵʲôȴҲеİ綼һװԶֲҡ
ģֲϯֻԼӵӱ档
Ͼһߵǿ𾢣ѩӣһŲӣͶ롣
Ǳ߹Ǳһ֣ԭʮİԵһͷҰϴء
ֹһʮ¹һֻļһϾô绹ûϢأ
˺ЩʱȵĶҪסˣ洫˷ѹҳ˵㶫һżһϢ˵İͿƶߵĺ˺ΧһͷҰ³뿦¹һֻһ
ͷɥϣһ̾һߵϾҲüͷͣ߶ۿҪƻˣλ඼˳ɹطTһϢûУôļ
ƻʱ֣̫ͿҪɽˣ԰ɫһƬơ߼Ҫ˵ʱ򣬺Ȼб˵Եһͷܡϣܲζ
ϾҲһĬ°οûϵģǵһ졪
ֻΧǱߵĻȺ㶡ʱֿ̫ࡣŻͷֻĴǱܹ˵ūšմˡ˰Χˡ
ĴվڣֻϾһѳסʣүôˣˣôűأҪҪ
ЦҪģҶˣүǽһͷܸˣүͷҪˣҺðүӦ죬һܵϥǣ˵һ£˿
ȻȻأӼʡ
һϹӵ۾һȺȥ
ô˵Ͼ˿Сʳǰ˰硪
ɲǣ˰ǾʥأŻûӦ񣬽ү˴أ
ǰ粻ǸƷǲˤֻż
ӦֻС˰ɡҪôȥأ˳ػصͱˣ
ǡҪ˵ʲôأȴǱȫһּ̫˵ΧԽλӶظʷһҪ칦





10

10 AУ ... 
 
 
ջصвãϢ˵ϵĴΪλɹŻزĺʴ˹Ůرܣڻϯ硣
ΪżطTˣֲԸϳӦ꣬㲻Ը磻ȥ˼٣ΪСӣԴҲᡣ
Уֻһż֪طT״ֲôǲ֪Ǻõʱ򣬺ҶμҴҵĽסʣأ
ҿɲΪ¶ģûˡѩӣԲڣϾ쵹˲
Ͼһۣż
Ͼһѣý㣬Ϳȥɡ㲻ɲ˵أ
Ǹ֪ˡЦǶүأȻһү¡˵ţξѹ˸ĹŹֱ顪
˭ˣ˵絽ˣֱš
ޡˡһڲˮææŵĸ²룬үרŽһҪҸ㣬ûд󰭵ģøֻܷĺˡ
šĳһڳС߶šա
κϾ˶üúЦ
˰ɣ¿ɷˣϾϯҲȥˣô˳˰ɣ
šͷЦ
εͣˣҵҲˣѽøϽȥźүء

ʲôʱأ˷߶
ϴأȻɢϯͻġϾһ̴һ˵ͱˣϽͣͣ˯ɣ˾͡
ҲҪ˯˯ҵȸᣬֻŲӳǱ߿
ˣҲܻѽϾӲǰߣ˯գҲһˣҲúЪЪ㲻˯ֵģһӿô죿
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ҽ˯ףһҹΣϾЦ͸ϿҹԹԵϴ˯
òװ˯ˣϾĻطT㴲ֽ̣ѩӣˮһطTá
ΪʼշĲ£Ҳ˯طTԭڷɥڼ˫ϥˣ˷磬ÿ֮ҪʹѣҪһϥʱǡ£
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ϾطT£ֵȲǲŽ˵˲µģôŪ
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ѾˣôСˣҲðοңΪʲôأϾ˵Ȧе졣
طTЦЦ֪˵ʲôãҪ˲룬һȴֶ˿ڣϡһϾæȥݵУֻҪ˵һͺãο˵걳ȥطŢͷ۾Ц˵ֲ㣬Ҷޣʲôǣ˵ҽȥɣҹЩء
ϾȴЦȡһʱڴߣʢˮˮ¸պãطTűߣֶסطTϥҪѥӡ
ѽǡطTһ²Լͺá
㿴ˡôϾͷ̧
ϴ˽ţϾطTϣҪˮȥϡһͷʱطTһֽ⿪ۣҪ£ȴ˿ڡϾԥһ£ӣҪȴطTȥϾҲĺԾЩðʧȻϸ룬ֻطTһһƿ֣ӡȴֲҿֻǵͷһ·ȥ
طTˣʵû취šҲֻƫͷȥ
һʱϣطT˯£ϾҪȥȴطTһϾ
Ͼҧס´ϻͷ
..ίˡطTԥһ£úòա
ϾֻĿ͵һȴ֪ʲôֻǺСšһҴҵȥ





11

11 A£ ... 
 
 
Ͼһÿһ滽ӦҿӣԭѿտҲ

硪ȴطTĴطTӣطTװ˯Ҳתת飬ԼɵıɦطTաطT̲סЦ׽סС֡˳ƵطTؿڣȴطTļˣطTϡһһÿҪơطTæѹסȴﻹüƼϽѪı
ôˣ磡ǼǾ¡
û¡ΧԴˣһСˣطTͷµģЪЪͺá

ϾһӣߣҪڣȴͷһ䣺ӣΪʲôƭأ
ϾֺֺЦȴطTƭ㣬˯ˣû㣻¶
ȴ첻Ӧ
ƣ˩һͷţˣطTϹһ£ЦأʰҼ٣һˣ
ָģ
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̫ඣڴϱһģֵҪһ춼ңȥʹǵģ
á㣡

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ѽطTЦȥϴϴһ̫ҽҩܲͷɣ
´Ͼ֣Ͼȳȥѩӣϴɣҵ
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һʱϴϣſڣÿ͵ơ
ʲôأѩӣͲ󣬼Ҳúչʣ
ꡪűӵкأ
طTϾֱӣԼֽµϵϵȴ۲׵ֲý˰ֻǳϾڨڨЦһ£Ͼȥ
ˣʣµԼͺá
ȻϾѽطTϣطTֻùԹԵĽ첲һֻ첲ΪãֻţطTʱϾҪһһķգҪʱϾչҪ̧طTʱطTһסϾ֣⡪ҪˡϾסԼ±һգʱĻңһ̱ڽ̤ϣֻǵͷһ졣˾ôһȻףȻѨƵһֻ죬ҲúЦֻǱЦѩӣȴ˼֣ꡱЦͷﻹü羪ˡ
ѩӣæڿڻرˡܻ䣬󷽷ÿЦ˵ĥԼءһӴ˰ʱˣ
ϾʱѺ쵽Ӹǵýֳȴ֪Ǻá
طTǾȣĬһǿЦЦ硪
šϾһۣգգۡ
ϾϽȥˡ

㣬һ̫ҽֻҩԸٶ˿ڣֿ˵ӣ˵ڼҪɿڵʳȥˡ

طTţ˵Ц
硪ҲŴˣʰļҲˣЩʲôҲϵá
˵ʲôأطTҡͷԵ˵˰졣
ȥʰǻؼȥɡ
ʲôأطTЦǻʸǻʰ磬ĶĶǵļңʰ겻ߣôأ
ʲô˼أطTؿһ̾
ôķҪʰͬˣ㵹ּҪȥ
ѽ
𼱡طT΢Цļȼ죬ʰܻлسʱ򣬵ʱǾͻؼˡ
ϣԽԽáطT½һѵĹأʲôҲûУû˼
طTЦЦȻƺһ̾Ϣ

ĸ磬˵ϰһߵһΧԹӪطصһжϵļһʡ
֪طG֮һ˵ǡÿ˵ĸɸɾǽžȼݵʰҲô԰ĵĶˡ
⵹ǡطһֱǡԸԳˣʲôͷøȥֻؿʮĵҪ躻֮Ƶ˼ˡ
֪ʰôơطGѹȥϰ˲˻ϵķֻô躻ޣҲδʰ
طͷطGЦҲδأطTܶﻹŸأǺáӣ
ʮһ˸û߰طGЦʶ׳ˣ





12

12 ͯ ... 
 
 
˵طT˹ʣ£׼ȥһвֻ֮󣬿ЯӳƼݳ԰طT˹ʣݻؾǸּۡԻֻϤĵдСˣɲؽš
طTÿֻڼι㣬Сʱֵϼ裬һʱΪ˼µҲ֡

һطTѴγȥ䣬ʱ顣ʱִ쾮ţ͹˵ŻϾѩҲһվš
ӴүɻˣŻأ̧ͷطTæطTժµñӣ
ǿɶùˣطTϵĸЦǶذɣ
ɲǡطTֵĹȥĶѽźҲң
ǸϽŪɡطŢͷϵһͷҲ˰ɣίˡ
ү˵Ļ̧ͷǳǳЦһ£طTϸһϳԷһϲ
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ͷطTǱߡ
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˶֪ô£ŤͷקطTһֱʣ˭ѽ
طTЦƣ

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طTЦѽײ¶˵˵
Ҹү䣬ڲţƼСӱһ׷Ŵˣԭ⺢һ̼˼ҵūţҹ¥͵鿴ӻһٺôϳү⺢ӿȥɢǻˣؼˡ

ϸǺӣȻǸкӣȴüĿģɫҲʵģʵõͦɾģү׼Щʲôأ
ʰˣŸɾǻڵģһҲƲÿطTЦǺǵʵȻô飬͸ҵ鷿ͯΣϵţЩҪˣæͲҪ鷿ˣɣһˣ
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ԣͲҪˡطTЦЦҪúõĻţװŪඣ
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ҲǵĶˣЦճŲ˵ҲҲĵ˼
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ѾͷҲ˺죡ϷҪ׽ӱأ÷ģֲʹֻգѩһֻЦʡЩɣͷʹʱ򣡡
ǼװǺЦֲܰôֻȥˡ

硪ڴϣͷȴطTϥطTͷϵķ衣
ţطTԴӦš
Ҿú֡
ôˡ
Ѿ˼ҸϳˣʲôҪأ
طTͣһ£Ц¡
ʲôģ˼Ҳֻ͵ֲ͵áֿ˸ϳ͹ˣôأ
˾ǾðɣūžūţūǲʶֿģҪ
治ˣʲô䲻ģǽ˵ģƾʲô͸ҶռŲбմ
ʲô취ˣ̲ϴʥ˶ֹ֪ôأ
ЩôҪ𣿡ᡱط׽طTʵ
طTֻЦȴζƿǰʰԼֹۡĻָͷﲻһ
硪طTɫЩ£طTС˵ôˣ˵ʲô𣿡
طTŻع̾ЦûУû˵ʲôֽתȥΪͷ
ȴŤͷطTĻ§طT硪ղŵɫˣ
طTĸͷµˣϿ˯ɣ
ţطTؿڣĵı۾
һ˯ˡطTһĵ̾˵ҪϾֻ˸жã





13

13  ... 
 
 
һ˿Σû˼ֹطT鷿
תȴطT鷿ŴգֻſĶ˶ģϥϸһ顣
գգ۾̨һ֧βͲݣǽȹһʯͷݻӴķ̽˽ȥ
ŴЦ硪
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үҿţκ˽ȥһۣ̽ͷ̽Եĸʲôأ
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һ־Ҫţȴţײ˸һڵϡδܹۣίžžવľ͵
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ݺݵƿĸ첲̧ͷƼţҧҧվſڹȥ
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㡢㣡һƿ޺޵Ŀ˵ôôᣡҸ硪ƾʲôҽȥ
ү˵ˣ˭ҲýҲ˭ǲܽȥ֣֡
ô¶طT裬մǰͳżԭ˴泳֣طTףų󣬲ЦôſôĶ
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طTĸĺԣЦҲ̫ʵ˵ţõôų
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˵꣬ЦѾͷϺԺȥ
š

ںһʯϣطTĻỹǰરવġ
㣡طTԼͿ޵أˮģˣ
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طTؿڱıǼһһģŪģ̲סЦƿԴˣҳϾˣ
ͷôŪİΪʲôģ
⡪ҰʰҾ͸㣡طTסЦװһ˵
ðð˵꣬һĵĿ

ţϾˣ
һүءϾЦָƼûǽסˣ
Ͼ㣡ȥ֡
үȥأˡϾطT
ţ֪ˣȥطTЦϾЦ֣ʵôˣ
үô۵𣿡
ԭطTһһ߿ۣºµĿһ·۲ˣһťһȴѩ׵ĿȦʣһǿš
ǣطTԼҲЦϾӵĺ⣡˵һأŪ
ϾҪŪһأطTȴƿ֣Ц˵ˣôŰɣҲˣһ̽ͷͷ

ϼطTҪطTæֵӲ㣬ڣвˣƼ½Ͽ۵߰ģЩԾôŪ
ֵģֿ۳ôģطTüëЦͦʵҲˣҾû
ҲЦЦȴֹƵġϯһֱҲûô˵·˼

㣬һصͽס㡣
үʲôأϳһ£С㣬ôֵĽأ
ӣҲûƼҸϾȥʱүѾˣ
𣿡ϳһ˵㲻£ʲô˵ʲô
㵹ûпʲôѽͿү͸ں԰ʯ˵˵ЦЦģľûʲôˣ
֪̾ˡ㣬ȥɣ

ѩͩ㣿Եѩͩ
ôô˯Ϲʲôأ
˯ţ˵ţС˵
ʲôҪģѩͩ˵
縣ʻˡ
ʵʲôѩͩһûһӦš
Ƽʲôˡ˵ֲ֣԰үԷʲôƵģѩͩûӦûأ
šѩۣͩ˵ʲôˣ
Ҿ˵ûƼʲôѽֵǣ֧ˣ˵Ҫ£ʲô˵ʲô˵ЦЦҿʲôأ
ȡ
㵹Ǹ˵˵⵽ô˼
ʲôô˼ѩͩǷǸĲַ£
ʲôĵģ
֪⸮Ͼһûģ촧Ħү͸ʲô
㻹˵ʲôѩִͩǷ߶ˣ컹ɻأϽ˯ɣ

鷿طTû˯ˮԤطTϴ
үˮպˣٵȾˡ
طT˵Źӹеֽ˽
ү
طT˲̧ͷЦôˣ
¶е㲻ף
ʲô¶طTֽЦ
˵˭ģô⣡ü
ǿҵãӣҲһӡ
үô˵ҲҵӣҲ𣿡
ǲһֻǸ⣬˶һģطTЦһЩЦŶ˵
ͷȻȴһûʲôԭ飻ȴҲû׷ȥ

תǼȥˣһգ飬ȴȻԺһ֡ҲҪµȥ֣ȴȱϾƳһۣʾű𶯣һȴȥԺֵСһֽסһСѾͷʵôô֪Ͽ𣿡
عǱ߸ҪˣЩæңľ˸񡪡
ǱҪôܵԺӳʲô
ΪֲˣţٽмѾͷȥ
֪ˣĵİˣ𳳳µ!
ȴҲ˼䣬ææ˿ΣϾôɩҪ𣿡
ʲôأҲﲻæúžˣ
ôҵ£ǺһҿǾҪùأüëһ뿴СֶŮСֶأ
ҲõٴھʵʵĴŰաϾúЦһùáͰͷģ

߶˺һǱߺòϢˣ˳Ĺ˵ˣˣǸСأ
ϾҲЦү϶ˣ
ɲǣոսȥ鷿Ǳ߸ү˵ȥˣ
Ķأȥ
ȡǱأȶʰ׵ˣưɣأֵһùȥأ
ȥҸȥ
ȥһסɩӸۣúƣ
쿴ϾϾЦңҲǲȥ

ûԺ̨£ŹβͲݣùõƵģҲпһۣϾһŻһЦ
˭˵Ǿˣ
硪ĲݾܹȥطT֣ҪȥǷǲȥ
ҲȥԺӶأطTЦ
ûҡطT֣СӸʲôӵİ
֪ȲطTЦкһԭﱧźӸˡ
ưɣ
ѽôôСƼȾΪʲôأ
ƾưգһһէģϾһЦ
硪
ôˣطTЦ
ҸҲôѿ𣿡ű˵ô۾һأ
طTЦסϾҲһЦ
硪˵Ҳ𣿡
㲻ǣطTһ˵ɺÿˣ
һüǺӣ̾㽫ôѽ
ֶЦ

ˣѩټۣʵЩʲôԤ
ҡͷԶ˶أ
ﱧأõĺܣˣúŰա
ûС
˵үˣˣأѩټʹϸһЩ
㲵ЦЦ˵ү˲
šѩЦ˵ӳĺأ
ϵͷֱۡ





14

14 Ŀ ... 
 
 
տ԰طGźȲ˵·˳ᵽƵ˵˵ϰ˸ϵĹϻҲüˣҲ˰ɣ
ػϣѾˣ졪ȫСĻص
죿ʲôʱ£ŸصĶһ٣ūôܵ£
ػϣū֪鲻棬ӵϢʱŴأūžûҴԭոߵģˡ
ʣôôţ²룬ŭվƽǴ̫˰ɣȻ˴󵨷
ʰϢŭطGȥסҲ»ʰ񷱶࣬ԲӻȻѾˣҲˣ췣ˡһȫʹɫ
ǣū𷣣ȫ¿ͷ
۷µã޵̫¹˼ȥ
ʰˣ˵Ǻ°ʰҲһҲһֶطG£ֳһվŵطʹɫ
ط⣺ǰǰǼҵһϲأҪʰ͸֣Ҳýа
ͷǰƵ˵ʲôأ
һطTҲСˣôһӣͽкɣҲϣպЩ
ţ⡮ֺõĺܣطGȶͷʰ˵ϰ֪˶мʰһ⣡
ͷ̾Ϣϣܹ޵İ

ĸ磬ϰѾǱʰꡮءڱոôˣҲɿ˰ɣطǰطG˵Сӿѽ
֮ҲüְطGطǰ棬˵ͷЦʰ˼˭ţ˵ָָµһƬͺһˮǲƽ羵治֪ļӿأϰһС΢бվοء˸ʰºˡ
ʹֻһˣҿͳŲסˡطЦҹҹģʲôʱи徻ǵأ
ŰɡطĢͷ죬ȵƬɢˣˣǸǵʱ򡪡
ط齫ȵǰЦֻʱ̫ҫ˰
طGͷ§סطļЦ˵ʲôأ߰աģ㲻ɹ
طһЦ˳ӵļӿ˲ӡ

ѩ٣ʲôˣϷѩٵ԰ɢȻʵ
Ǿ¶ʮˣѩٴӦţ֣ôˣ
ҵҲ˰ɣ˼Ųˮ档
ǰҲмˡѩһۣȻЦ
Цʲô̧ͷһۡ
롪ѩЦȥͽʰ׼
׼ʲô
׼ԡѩһһ˵ţЦŸ϶ߣҪҪأ
϶ʱѾͷϹ˵
ҿûϹ˵ѵģѩüëҡͷԵ˵
Ҳ˺죡˵ž׷ҪšѩҲܵĿ죬ں׷ţţһ˵ϣ԰ѵ֣ʲôأ
˿ʱȴطTϺ˼ֻ˵үôҲأ
ˣߣطT΢΢һЦû뵽㡪
û뵽ǡѩһԴȤ
ѩ٣ϵһۣûأ
طTƵģֻЦ˵ԼҲôأֹľʵʲô𣿡
ҲûʲôѩһۣǰҰһ̳Ҷ࣬ҽгˣ֪үϲ͹أ
طTͷЦðкþΪʲôȥأֻǧ̫鷳ˣ㼸С˾ͿԣҲµġ
Ӧˣǻϲѩȥ

ҹطTڹϴ˵Żѩƣ
طTҹԼˣǽ㽫ˮһӦƷãֻطTһ仰
˭ּƺطTôãҲúúЪЪˡ
һΣѩٸǿڿ죺ôүЪ𣿡
ǰ°ɣҶʰ׵ˡæվҪסطT
ȻطTȴ㣬һѩ٣ЩҲȥɡѩӦȡȥ
Ҿô𣿡
طTЩԾͷֻϵϣҧ촽˵ôҡ
طTЩ֪룬ֻǿЦЦ˵е£
Ϊʲô£һҹϣĿš
طTһ㶣ȥҺſ˯ءոºӣҾͲˡ
ȴһվ޺޵˵ֻΪÿÿΪ㿪ңʲôģѵĺӶ𣿣
⻰ʲô˼طTȳԾּЩŭ
ʲô˼ѵҵ˼˯һȴԸһ£Ǿ
ֻžһû˵꣬ѾطTһƣ
ȻҡԼ޵ΪҶ򡪡
ԼУѵΪĸ˸еô˵˹ֵĻطTʱŭΪ˲ѹ㲻ϲԣҪҪҵһŹ㣡˵תҪ뿪
ȴȻ˹סطT޵үҴˣԺ󲻸ˣֻҪߡ
طTһ٣̾˿⿪Լ֣˵ԼЪŰա˵꼴ƿţ첽˳ȥ
طTԽԽԶĽŲʹʧ





15

15  ... 
 
 
硪дأ̧ͷס߹طT
ִ֪סˡطTͣ½Ųһ泯ЦЦߣǸĹȥ

дʲôأطTתվơдأкҲ
áϵһֽϹԼдϣطT
СطT׽֣ϵֽеߣʦţҲֶ
һ߹طTԼزأЦŶ˵ֻʵ˵ҴҴģ
ȡ֣һ˵էһͦãüĿģֻǡ̧ͷطT֨ˡ
طTļ磬
ֻǡЦЦûʲôֻԲɰˡէÿϸȴûʲôɿġ
طT֣طTϺݺݵһѡ
طTȴЦЦ˵˵Ķأ
ǼˣѧƤëƣòԵʰɡ
˵ĺãطTԴѾͷûУ
ᣡ㿪طT֣ҲŲҪ˵˵ƿطTĸ첲㾻۸ңܳȥˡ
ˣΪԼʧҪȴطTסطTЦȥʦܹҲĥĥƢˣֵʵʵ˵Ĵ˵ĻһҪ˵ġ

أطTֻϾԼڴƣʵ
ûأϾطTæվЦĻˣԼ߶߶֪˵Щʲôֲ˵Լֳȥˣ԰Լƶأ
֪ˣطTһЦȥȥŰա
ߵ԰￴ˣȻڳӱϲ֪ʲôأطTҲ֨ĵ߹ȥվ󿴣һ«έպųˮڵ±ȱȻء
ֲ鷿ôʲôأطTЦǺǵ˵
̧ͷطTһۡ㡪
ʲôңطTһϥϵĭһߵôֹ
ǸСӽйҵ֣˦طT֣˵һôأ
ʲôúģطTֻЦ˵ʲôԵģҿʦƽ̫ˣֻһã
ƾʲô˵ңģֲʦֲҸ磬ƾʲôأ
ǾͲܽ乫˵ĺǽʦߵģҲ߯ļˣֻӣȫûзǡ
ʲôֲˣ˵ôӣ조д
ðԼ˵дأطTüë
ҡ֨ˣΣҡطT´ô
ѽĲʲôëëģдֿҪĵģ
ǵʲôʱѽƲ죬Ӷˣ
ɵѾͷһŮӼĺأطTˣƢˣѧʿɲȱģǵƽ͵ĲУҪôţҲأ
ҪƽҲУֻҪ
˼ôˣ˼ҿأôڻ
Ҳϲģܸҹȥ
ͽСС֮ĶȾ֮طTҲܽ㲻һҪû¶ѧѧҲѧʣƢԣ
硪ŤӲϡ
ѽǲҲأطT˵ǺƢҲãִѧԺֻҲˣ
ҲҪ
㲻ҪҲҪطT§ĲЦҪƵҲúѧѧǸˣƢ
ûУͷ֨طTɦɦĲʵ
֪ˡԸĴӦš

طT鷿ȡƼһʲôȱȻﻹʱʱдʵģﰵЦȴʲôҲûƵģֻܽҶ
ȴרģ䲻̧ͷܸǰվˣһѽһҲˡ
ôҲţҲкһѽ
˰Լġ
㡢㡪ʲôѽ˭ģûڿ𣿡
ҵĶ㿴飬ҲûаʲôѽȴֻǺƵĿš
ҿʱ˵͹ȥ°ҡ
ʲô֣ǼŽڼ顣
ûǲ˵һ
ŽžվĲȣվڵϣһƣͬﱧŵһ
һˤɲҪպײϵһֻĻһͬȫҵ߰㡣
ѾͷһƬææĸϹϾҲƼڵδ߰˰˵ѹһ飬һصƬͻ࣬æʵô£Ҳ
ֻһ֣ôߵĵˤѾŵĲᣬ˻軨ܣͲ֪ˡϾ˼ֻǵǰһƬң֨һϾ֨ȥҪʱȻһ˵ôˣôҲ徻
ͷʱȴѩٷŹվſڡϾϽȥЦСһʱ˶ˣҲûʲôֵһˡ
ȴᣬվŷ㶵һ۵ô£
֧֧˵ҡ
Ҳ̫ʵƽүôģҲʦ徭Ḷ̌ôԽԽ¡
û˭˵˵ػѾһ˵Ūίѣžžવĵ
ϻҪ˵ȥȴԼĺ˵ӣû£ԼСĴӵϵŴ˻ġ
Ŀһۣ˵û£øȥ
ȴֻվڹϸǰôûҵ¶Ҵӵϵײܵġ
Ĩһᣬ㶵ȴֻܸ
Цһ£㵹ǲԼˣأ
Ͼ⻰лͷԣæЦСżģ߲ͽʰɣǻȥЪŲزЩСˡ
ѩҲóʼϾ˵ҲæȰӣȻϾ˵ˣͽðɣҲúúЪˡ
ϿѩһۣȻˣͺúôðɣô첻Ҷ˵գ
Ͼæͷǡ

￴ϵԶˣϾô£
Ҫڣ˵˵ˤġ
˵ǸϾʲôʱˣ
ĿϾ֪˵һ¡
ɩûУ
¶ʲôϵס
Ҳ˵ϾѣҲֵ÷𰡡

ҹڴţȴȥ˯Ͼ㡪
ôˡϾкСѾͷǽϴˮУͷӦš
Ҹ˵¶
ʲôģϽ˵˯ϾߣµĿӡ
Ǹ衪ԥԥĿ˿ڡ
Ҿ֪㴳ĻϾӦ˵գô˼ϴأ
ǲǣģֻǡ֧
ֻǡʲôѽ
ƵŴӵˤġϾĸ첲ûҶġ
˵ҲˣϾ˦֣üҲȥְˣ˰죬Ȼùȥˣ
˵˲ҽģ˴ϾҲʹˣ
ǡǡˣֵ˵һ仰£Ҳˣ
ȥ˵˵ž
ţϾæס˵ȥأ򶼴ˣȥҲٴһٲɣ
ȻôأüͷٲȻȥ˵˵Ҫߡ
Ͼ֪һ֣ȻҪ£ֻ˵ôˣҪ˵Ҳ˵ѽȥ
죺ҲȥֲҴġ
˼ҿΪ㰤Ĵ򣡡Ͼ˼ô壬ܲ˼Ұװװٴɣ
ҲҪ鲻ԸҪΪᣬҲŲأ
͸ȥˡ㺦˼ˤֺ˼Ұ㲻ȥֻعҲȥ˵ôѽ
ҡ˵һȥ
ҲáϾ룬ֻҪȥطTôҲУ˵ȵȣȥЩҩ·ȥһˡ





16

16 硱 ... 
 
 
ʮ꣬
һգطTԳлء鷿һ쳣ԺӣԼֻϾ軭ء
أ
ϾæԼ鷿أ
ŶôùˣطTЦЦ֪ʲôأ
֪ҲءϾѱʹúãЦ
ôˣطT˵ʵ
ɲǣϾҲЦԴҲѧĺöˡ
Ҫ֪ôֲ֪ôأطTǺǵЦšȥ
Ŵһ֪ʲôڿطTǿ棬ֻЦһЦͷϾ˵ùأǾͲҪˣ
ԽԽϢˣǰļ˺Щء
ɲǣѾҪķֲˡ
طTЦ˵ˣ
ҲãϾƵ˵һ䡣
طTЩԾƵĿ
มܲһӶաϾһ£̧ͷطT
ôһӶ´ˣطTЦݡ
Ҳûô˵ϾټطTЩԾֻҲгŵʱ򡪡
ţǰţطTĿ΢΢̾һδϾڣԹԵ⿪ˡ
ϾطTıӰվ˺һŰ̾˿

ʲôأ
硪ͷվԼЦЦûʲôأ
ʲôˣ΢΢һЦ
㻹ܿʲôһۣ㿴ʲôˣ
ĺð
ĺã
ֻƼˮΣ׽סҲ²ʲô
Ҳ𣿡
飬ô룿
죬㡱һҲҪ㣬ʲôֻԼ֪û
Ŀˮ棬һ˵кö±ҲֻԼ֪ɡ

Ӹ޻ɣҪġҵ֬ҪõģҸһ˫µס컹ף˫ЬӺʡȥġ
ת԰ӵߣţһƬ֣ԭҪţѩٵһ˶ǡ
֣ҲôͷôãʲôҪȥ
ͼʰˡ
治ʲôѽ
ƼЦʲôûУʮ壬ᣬֵˣءҪ˵ȥһ½Ÿæֹס
Ҳȥô֣Ľ˵ҲҺòã
⡪ǧ֮ôóȥأεһۣ°үδؿϰɣ
ǲô֪ϣŲô࣬Ƴһۣȥ˵ȥ
λû
ġüͷүô˵
ҲסĆһ˵㣺ôˣôûģ

硪ƿ鷿ţطT߳ʲôأܹȥطTĲ
طT±ʣЦôˣúø磬ֲң
Ҷһˣ㶼а졣
СطTǺǵЦţʲôˣ
硪
˵طT졣
ҳȥòã
ȥطTɴ۾ȥ
ȥѽ˵кöϡء
˭˵ģطTЦݡ
ѽ˵в
УطTĸɴ䡣
ƾʲôѽЩˡ
ҵĺܣǸŮӼңʲôأطTͷԹڼ棬ʲôҪģӾˣ
ﲻ棡ϸߡ
ڼңô
ͳȥһһΡҡطTĸ첲
ɡԣطTһһ˵طT˵ʲôȴƿܿˡ
ֻʣطTԭε̾

磿ķš
ôˣʲô
¶أż˳ֹϷš
ʲô¶أ
ҳȥɡ
ҿɲͷ㰤һش򡪡
һСϣᣡ˵أҷˣ
ļٵĶУôˣ˭֪ûٹôжٸİأ
첻֨
ɫ̽š
һһ磬С¶첻ˣ˦ֳţҲʶ㣡
ûţˡ

ڶһ磬ߵԺͿվ鷿ǰһֻۣûֱ鷿ȥ
ȡ
أסС벻ȥˣ
̧ͷĿ
ȥ͸ߡ
˵ţԺߡ
ˣôȥɴ۾
С㣡üͷѹҴˣֵ߽ҹĸպûˣһûˡ
ġ˷ܵļӿ˲Ӹ
Ȼ˽ţƼˣ˳׼˻ᣬһ̾ͳȥ
աһˣΪ㣡
ôͨ˵ģǺЦſ
˭㡮硯أ





17

17 м ... 
 
 
жԶ˺ܾҲûĳЩɻ
ء˵ѽ͸Ҿˡ
᲻߶أزȥôأ
ͱϹˡӣúЦҪҲ㣬µҲ㡪ʲô¶Ҷأ
㲻ô죬һҸ϶ô죡˵Ÿȥ䣬ң
߰߰ɡεЦЦǶ¶

˺һ󣬲ƼļУߺȽڶȻ֡
ȴụ̂ôĦСеģЩţ߬ܣҲ±ˡҲиסĻͷɻԼߣһҲʱʱǮ
ȺйһֵĽ־ϡۻңһ濴һֽľˡ
ȴоæһ֣ץ漷ˡ
磬ȴסеˡ
Ƽĸģ˵ȵȥЩһǸ̯ȥ
ϰ壬㶹⣡
Ǯúãģģ
Ǯģ仨·
֪㶼ҪˣһۣԹŸ⣬û¿ڣȻǮ̧ͷʵ㲻𣿡
Ц˭ƵģžͶ
Ҳһһ˳Զû
ֻЦҡͷ
óԵģ㳢˵Žٵǰ
úúáΪҧһڡ
ó԰ɣߵġ㶹ӡĵĺǺЦ
ûӦľòԣһĨǣһ⣬Цңһ˵һ߼װֽһҪĨϣϣһ滤Լһø
ιܣС·ȺＷɢæ׷ȥһæź
׽סˣܵĻ죡һȺôأôؼȥ׽˵
Ҳ£ٺٵЦţң
ҪҲأװֵ
ҸһҲҵģĿ۾֮ܲᶼҪҵģǰɣ
ѾͷͰİɣЦ
ֻܺٺٵЦţȻŲơ
ʲôˣ⣬Ҳͷ
ԭһ¥רΰѼ֮ࡣ
ûţʲôҲҪ˵ţȥˡ
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֪ڵƫƫһѹСذףҪŵƵֲõ˵ûǮֻһŮӼҪǸʲôϽ߰ɣüطûأ
ȴ֪ԭίذʵľɿɰһֻϷ֡апֻ࣬ø˵ҵǮոܶˡô򣡡
һ㶣Ҳ֪Ǻˣֻø鲻Ը߳
ճ˵ţȻסЦˣ˵ţһֻɲԣ
ӲӵӣֺкЦϽɡǸһˣ
Ǿǿඡ
ԩͷŪüֱ֪˵ʲôãôҪ
ǰȥҡ֡
⡪ʵѣҲû⣬䣬̧ͷƼǰͷм䵱̣ʱ⣬˵ڵţȥȥ
ӣһ·Сܽ˵ӡ

ӻϲϲʱȴ¶ʱ˻ţæ´ĵ˽˵ٸһмֶ֮࣬ôҷΣֻŽֵһ·ѰȥȴʼղӰֱѰҹгɢˣҲһۼ
Ļ䣬ֻԼȻظϣﰲοԼҲȲȻȥأٻߣ棬Լܻȥءţһ·߻˱ո
һոͱſڵסɻˣϾϹѽɻˣǡչһơ
¡⡱һ¡
أϾտҲʱסˡ
ûл𣿡ףȴǻеһ䡣
⻰ңϾʱɫճȥˣ
ѨһŲ
ŭСӣˣôճ
̧ͷϾϾ˵žžવľ͵





18

18 ʧϣ ... 
 
 
ԭʱվڵſڵȵżߵҪȥѰȴ֪ȥҡ
ȴһ˵»Ⱥ˭ԭԴոӵʱ类ֺ֮ͽƼȱǮСѾͷףȷг룬϶ĸ̼˼ҵӣ˴ģһֱߣһֱɵ׶֣¼һ˱ԭأֵĺûᡣ˱׵һ󺺹ȥ˶ңһƲһѶס죬ûЮ뿪ֵֽ߽ŷϵһصм˳ӿ⼸֣ļټļоû⡣

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ҲֻˡطTĿ̾˿Ͻȥɡ

ȵȡ
վס֪ʲôԸ
סʲôҪСģ򲻿ɴȥ
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ʣȻӰĽˣҲʧȥ֪һͷڵϵĲݼ䡣ɼ䣬طTģӰӡС硱ȴ
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ǵĸ࣬ȴʵûôˡʲô⣿
ҵԭǸոܼҵģڲˣһլӣŴΪ
ޣԭǸŴģֲôǮ
Ǯĺð̡ǸǹµĽһھȥһñͬ

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طTｹȥˣæȥʡ
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ү߶ģ˿ݿˣҲ㰤ҰȥʡΣ˳ʲôˣֻٵһȣˣ
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µҲֻܿ컯ˡطT̾һ

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ô˯ţطTƿϵĲ裬ҵĲǣûסʹи̿ô죡
αҲȫĴҪ˴̽ϢżҲûð
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19

19 ʧ£ ... 
 
 
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˵ĳڣЦô
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ÿÿξ۵£Ϊ࣬ܲΪ̫С޵治ԸеۼҲסôǰ㣡
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20

20  ... 
 
 
ҩˡϾᣬҩ͵أһ˾Ͳˣ
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𶯡طTסĸ첲һͷӹϾеҩ룬ôŰɣ
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ôܱأգ۾˵ⲻһ
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硪
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첻ǳŰ¶ȥ𣿡طTͷϾƼ𣿡
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Ѿͷûô˵ģ컯յģôˣúöԷطTЦЩӲ

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21

21 Ȱ ... 
 
 
С㡪ϾʣɡҪ˯أ
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ʲôӣϾһۣ΢΢ȣֻеǸԩҺתˡԼĸԼգ

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͸װɡϾ㲻ǵƽյĺãΪһ׮ûӰ¶οأ
˵ɣǶһǿ׳ģȥˡ
ʶôģϾֺֺЦҲ룬֪õķֲӲҪֻһοôֿԣ
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Ƣ˵꣡Ͼһ񣺡ҹҲ·ȥŪһֺײģ





22

22  ... 
 
 
磿ƿСĽУһͷһϾϾͷ̧Žӡ
طTڴ۾飬ȴʵһҲûȥжû
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ϱ߼ϵţǱ죬ϴʦ깦ΣʱҾͲˣ
طTЦǵõ޹ؽҪĶܼǵף
ҪҲǵõģӲյȥˣ
ұڶֱһžǡϾӲԭȷôŹֵĵط㵹ǵΣ
˵ЩŲ˵طˣطTЦЦһʰã룬ǶҲˣ
һƢǵȥǺϼˣľͷ±ߣ˳֣ԹˣϾЦ
֣ЦɲǣҪһҪֶãҪôкأ
طTлƳһҲȥȴˣ֣һۣģʲôأ
ء֣ϵûǸɣǶˣıȵϼأ
˼˳棬ﶼ⣬ͷʱˣϾҧ죬תȥˮϳһ½пࡪ֣ֽطTֵԼͷϣ
޻ȴطTʹٽݺȥ֣һȹӵĲգһɺԣ
һۣҲ˵֣Ͼø⳰
⵱κ䣬طTɫһ䣬ţһ˺û˼ֲԸ˯ϰŪϵݣһ۾Ͼ㣬۾ۡ
Ͼ˯Ȳ˵Ҷӻƻưװ׵Ļۣܶſ
Ҫ£֣ϵѾͷͩȴȻϾ㵱·
Ͼһһ㣬ʱ豭Ӧ䣬ͩҪӲ̵ӣһƣ̵Ĳˮʱһ
ѽһʹϵ
Ͼ̽һˣһҿ죬ˮ˳ŲһֱȥһƬͨ죬΢΢ŰףۿҪݣϾ۵ֻͩôЩҲǲأëëŵģô
һʱִҩʹҴҹƣһ߲ҩһ߳һôģ˳үǵģ֣ͩ󲻸֨
أš
սȥˡ·أ˳һӦš
ٿʹĽжвˡ





23

23  ... 
 
 
ҲŲŶһͳ£ʹǰƵһ߼¡طTһĽžš
үǸϽȥƸɡһ·طTͣǱϡ
ʲôãƹ𣿡طTӿֻϾطTϾæһɴҪڣطTȴæֹסƣ
ҿƼԲϺüĵطݣûݵĵطҲ̵΢΢ףſڴ겻ֹ
Ϲҩˣ
Ϲˡ̾ζûˣôʹأ
طT۵˵۾ͺɣ
ҡҡͷոأڲˡֻǺء
ҩԵʡϾſӣϣ۾ͺˡ
㶮ʲôµľǲۡպ󻹺òõˣְϾһֺۣﲻµūţ
ææĴϽҩûС˵һ䣬طTڴߣæסڣҧס´
طTһۣһССɹ޶Ҫʡôֵҩ
ϵͷæݸطTطTҿӣҪҩ̽ʱ̵أ»ңֻ²ǣԼڵôˣ
طTʽգ˵ûֻ²ذɣ
϶ʱɫδڱ⣬طTת̾ǶһĵġҲ֪һܰʲôأҪŰ𣿡
ʱûһ˸ҳϺµүңףǰҲԣǲҪôү˵ǲϸһ·ˡ˵ײȥ
ѩϾæסŲûгô

˹ϵˣֻʣطTվԭأ̾
ǡطTĿ̾
үü˵ײǸĴҲˡ
ĳϾڣڿʡҵɺá
طTŲ˲ǰա

ϡ
𡪡Ͼķҩ̾ôЩˣôҲкת
ɡطTӹҩƿҪҩ
ôôˣҲÿ֪ᡪϾҪбùϣԼ·ˡ
ôͻȻ˼طTЦ
ǺߣǸ˵ײÿˡϾЦ
ᡪҪ·䣬¶ϵǳɫһƬ˺ۡ
֣ƣطT׽֣ϵˡ
ôô˻кȫء
硪Ҫôأ죬ͼ޲ȥ˾㡪
ôҪطTⶺ޲ȥãһӸŸ硪
Ҹ㵹ǿԣôϾҲһӸඡԴһ
ѾͷֳңϾһ䣬΢΢ȡ
˵д𡪡ҸŸ磬ң㲻ҲǸҸ𣡡طTգգۡ
ûǾͶһӰɡطTǺǵĴЦš

ĸ磬ûƼϰ˸ֵĺأط鱳֣ϵȴͣĴת
䵹⣡طGЦЦ
ϰԽԽˣû¾дͱʰȥˣ
ϰ˿Ǹģ
֪ѾͷôϰôģطƲƲ죬ЦԽأԽϰôհǰ˺ģ¶
㶮ʲô˿ǣǸҲǻطGطһۣζ˵˵涷һ˼ûУ
طӺԣǺǵЦŲ˵ˡһȻطGô˵㵹ֵܼͷûûƽƽһ
طGطͷЦ

үʹպʲ°ȥôأϾ˯ˣСطT޲ǡ
طTü˵ӺءҲǼЧġ
šϾ˶٣Ȼ֪Ṭһ̫ҽԺķܻҪȽַҪЩ
Щȫˡֻǡ˵ţطT̾
֪пԡϾС˵ֻ½Թ
ѵҲ𣡡طTյ˵ֻб£һ뵽ʰҪعҾ͡˵һ˵ȥ
ϾŲζӳ£طT࣬Լһݿԣֻ֪˵ʲôáһסطTĸ첲
֪᲻ߡֻڼͷѵ𣿡
Ҳ֪֪طT̾һȻ᣺ԭΪֻҪߣôܲãôܿࡪҡ
һתϾϾԼ첲ϵ૵ҴǰҪԼߣһһҶԲܲˣңǲǴˡ
ϾطTۣȴЩο̧ͷĸǶԸһӣֻΪ룬ҲãʹҲʹãȴҪ޹ƣһֻߣֻµֻᵢʱֹﲻܣҲ
طTԭһʱ鲻Ͼ֣˵ЦԭȫЦʱȴ֪ӦֻǶĿΣ˵ҹȥЩ꣬ίˡ
Ͼʲôίίġ
طTȴ·ûƵģֻպҪίЩӣֻ˵վ˵ޡֻ֣
ϾʱֻǹſԼԼ·طTм便һ֮£ԼĹҲǲطTһֵֻº͡һϾֻЩߵĵ˵ү˵ǡʲôίء
ҹķҲᣬɫ°ٸ뷨һҲһٰĻǰɽ˺ġ

硪ҹ˯ǰڴϣոս⿪ڣϾæҩȴƼطTҩӽˡϾأ
һģطTһۣЦʲôĪҲһӣ
һô죿ͱͱطTЦ
ѾͷûôǲҵģطTҩޣ֨һЦһ߶㣬ÿĴأֵ֡
ɴˣطTסڱ͵ĽҿƼЦסطTҲЦա˻ûȫôˣ
죬ҲѵüĲɣ
Ҳǡ㻹ôźáϻ𣿡
ôˣ죬Ǻ
䡪طTˣأ˾ˡ
űӣҪӣǵò䡪
𶯡طT׽֣ʵʵĵҩʵʵ˯һ˾ȫˣ
ôʵˣϾˮطTô˵˳ھ͵㶢һʵһ˯Ҳʵǰϡ
⵹ǣطTЦЦˡôŰɣҾôҲʵ˵ţ׽֣εš
⡪ϾЩȡ
Ͳæˣžˡ
ţϾطTƺ˵˵ѵȫ𣿡
طTȴȫƵģмؼ죬һСΪֹ
硪ŤӲ⣬ҲƵģ
Ϊ󣿡طTЦǺǵĹӣΪ˿Ӽ޸÷ҲӲÿأ






24

24  ... 
 
 
ȰٺĻԩοءѩжȥˣС
ҵʧ̬ȣͱǲֽǸȻҲǴҸġϻ̾
ⲻ£ǸӣܶʲôǾ͵ҲԩҶԸҲԩûţѩһ̴һ˵
ҲҵˣһҵĲǡתҾûʲôԲõ£οȫͷϣ
ҹأҲൣһģǸ㵱ǺأһֻƣҲֻȻСѾͷأ
ʲôƵģһˣסԺһҺҩְӣһʲôƵģ
㿴ûУ˿ſأѩϴһֽһ˵ûʲôҵĸкôģǴѾͷԵأ
̫ɵˡϲȥ£ǰүܺĶ
ɵֻϧɵƣΪҪһֵλԭǸˣϧ㡪ѩ˵һ룬˵
ϰһۣ¡
ֻ˵㲻ѩҧЦ
ҵҪˡϿŴǲЩȻɫˣ
ҿ˵ˡѩڹԣǺöֻΪȴΪ顪
ޡһѣЩ졣
㿴˵ѩֽ˵ƾһˣ
ϵͷ˵ˡ
ѩֻ֣̾㻹ϸ˵Щˣ
ҾСЩ꣬ѩ㷴ס֣˵һ仰Ȳ㰮ôֵĲ񣬵׻Ǻӡʱڵʱ˶ó˵˼ôƣҿүҲûʲô㵱öɡ
ڸ˵ʲôð૵ǶѾҵ˶ˣһʲôĻᣡ
ڰɡѩ㸧οţȻСţһԵûУٲ£溦ġ
˵Ҳ̫ˡһӣͺˣ
Ҳ֪ǺӣѩӲˣβൣЩͷһ˼в˼ЩлǸ˼ֻдȶ뷨үܴӴ˶Խǰǵ棬ֻ½ĳأ
˵˺һ̾ЩֻǹܲףЩϽЩ˵ңһ֪ҪͿأ

үūŸջҪ밲أͽ
Ŷ鶼𣿡طG鷿ģˣͣеıʣ̧ͷһ˿ɻ˳
ȣô˵أһʼҾ;Ǹ̵ϰ岻Ǹʡ͵ĵƣȴ˸ȥ̽̽ĵףȻöԸأĥӲ϶¶лү䡪˵ţӹطGݹȥĲ룬һڣڲ˵Ҿͽ˵һ͵͵İһɺٹĽйٸȥֻߣӷ˸׶죬˵ٺٵЦţôţҪĶȻأ
طGҲЦЦðһҲæˣһһ˰ɣҲûˣ칦
ֺǺǵĴӦˡ
ϯ֮ϣҲļҳ̸ǰڸϵӣո⻶ǢĵŮǶɢˣȥ˴ϯֻһСһƼСˣطG˶˵Ŵм֮ࡣ
Ǿƺ֮ʱ̸ˣƣСȭｻ֮䣬һطGЦʵ˽ʲôö
æʰһС˵Цһ£Ҫȥ
ʲôû˵طGЩ⣬־ͳү𡪡˵žҪȴûܻס类طGȥˡ
طGЦһ£žӿ˾ᡣչϵı˱仯ԭЦ⽥һ־콥ų
үƶˣطG飬С̽ү
طGƺոշӦ飬µ˵ȡôʲôɲصء
ղšһûӦ⡪
ʲôⰡǰġطGô˵ţǱȴЩѶݲݵľãĺöúŰɡ
ڴϵʱһչǷᶨĿһϸһƲסЦݣô˵ǸүǶ





25

25 Ⱦ ... 
 
 
үūŸջҪ밲أͽ
Ŷ鶼𣿡طG鷿ģˣͣеıʣ̧ͷһ˿ɻ˳
ȣô˵أһʼҾ;Ǹ̵ϰ岻Ǹʡ͵ĵƣȴ˸ȥ̽̽ĵףȻöԸأĥӲ϶¶лү䡪˵ţӹطGݹȥĲ룬һڣڲ˵Ҿͽ˵һ͵͵İһɺٹĽйٸȥֻߣӷ˸׶죬˵ٺٵЦţôţҪĶüһ˴䡪Ȼأ
طGҲЦЦðһҲæˣһһ˰ɣҲûˣ칦
ֺǺǵĴӦˡ
ϯ֮ϣҲļҳ̸ǰڸϵӣո⻶ǢĵŮǶɢˣȥ˴ϯֻһСһƼСˣطG˶˵Ŵм֮ࡣ
Ǿƺ֮ʱ̸ˣƣСȭｻ֮䣬һطGЦʵ˽ʲôö
æʰһС˵Цһ£Ҫȥ
ʲôû˵طGЩ⣬־ͳү𡪡˵žҪȴûܻס类طGȥˡ
طGЦһ£žӿ˾ᡣչϵı˱仯ԭЦ⽥һ־콥ų
үƶˣطG飬С̽ү
طGƺոշӦ飬µ˵ȡôʲôɲصء
ղšһûӦ⡪
ʲôⰡǰġطGô˵ţǱȴЩѶݲݵľãѽúŰɡ

硪鷿§طTĲЦס
ôˣطTôһһֽһīüЦôһһէģ
㿴˵žͽ⿪ۣ·ȫˣ˵Цͣ
ӴǣطTḧĺ󱳣Ǻˣ
ǲһ̶û°գ۾Ťͷʡ
šطTҲЦˣõĸԭһһ㶼Ƕ˸ҩأ
ϾҲô˵תطT
ŮӼұܼüŪ۵ģһҲÿطTţϵ¿ۣС
Ųأ˵ָָ棬ղѩ㻹˵նȺЩأ˵ҡطTĸ첲ҶˣҲҳȥЩжŲǸģҪˣ
˵أպϹ֣ȥأٶˣ
ѽطT˵һٸ⣬Ҷ㻰ԹԵڼô죬ҲûиҳԺӣ׶ˣҪʵţҪﵽʲôʱ򰡣˵طTһİ̾
úúáֲ㣡طTεҡͷѽϱǷİա֮˵ʲôʲô
üЦôȥأ
롪طTһЦ֪õطǶȥɣ
˵꣬һεȱϾֱЩģֻ˾ͳˡ

͵ǣطTһֻǣһֻ۾
ʲôѽַ׽طTĸ첲סʡ
˾֪ˣֻ㿴ʱأطTЦ۾
㣡СӺȻŸסԴкö໨
һطTȻͰÿˡ
ม۾ɵϴϴģѽѽ
ֻǰһƬĵĲӣķɫСڲݵм䣬ĿԶһĺ壬̲ͿЩҰɫˮԵһʢζġ
סˣ̫ƯطTæöûַԼһ۾סĿһƬһⶥطTһ£ôõĵطôҡ
طTǺǵЦԡ
Ⱦڲέһһ߼ţΪһֻҰñ𣬴űˡ
ιСģǱ̶ȽȥˣطTһߺһ˩ڻݴӣЦ⡣
硪㣡㿴öǡſһˮԱһһһĳطT֡
ټ֣طTЦˮﵱȻ㿩
öѽǳȺ㣬ѽȻһôطTϽʵǺǵЦţġ
ˮܺôյǰ˿طT
طTժˮң
οӺһڣݵطTǰ硪
طTкһڣȥˮЦõطɡ
úúáʹĵͷôֵģ
طTĳ˿ĵ˵Щˡ
ЦЦԭıأСʱġ
ǰڹͷôóأժݾŻš
ﰡطTѹص˵Ӱ԰ȥĵһǽмשǻģۿһͱͿ˭Ҳס
ףǾȻûűţȻʣôǸģ
˵£طTܷ콻һֽʲôˣϧûлطKǣһ꣬Ƕǽһأ֮Ҿûˡ
طTµĻپЩˣȻۡĽһԭˮˡ
ĻطTϣЦܿˡ
طT׽ȴôҲӰˡ
ڲέʹסЦطT׽
มèŵطTӱ߹أȻطTӱסһС
ƻطT￩ЦסȻطT£طTӶ㣬˾ڲݴһš
ֹˣطTĸ첲װ˯ѳɦѣ۾ʱ򿴼ϺȻдѹ
硪Ʒ㶵طTҪˡ
طTһ£ţǣȥ
š˵ţطT첲ҲקطTϵĻݺǣߡȻոս⿪Ѿʼˡ

һ·ɱȵʱطTѾȫʪ͸ˣطTѣֻʪ°طTͲסĴ磬ͷҲЩʹϾ˽Ⱥ˾͸ϽЪˡ

ˣ鷿ѹѹһȺˣ¶ϵĲСһڣ̧ͷֿ˿ôطTû
ط˿ңʰ꣬˸粡ˣԽͲˡ
һ£ʱˣô֪
£˵ǳ˷纮͸ղˡط
תȫ̫ҽȥطTƣ⺢ӹǲãʱֲá˵ţ̧̾ͷɡ





26

26 ̫ҽ ... 
 
 
ϣִءȫ
ŶӣͷҲ̧˵
ȫתȥˡ

ϣ񣬹һߵʻ
Ŷӣժ۾ȥϰˣ
ȥˡֵͷ·ֹ
ʲô֢Ҫ𣿡˵ţֵͷӡ
ػϡ
ôʲôֱ˵ˣ
˰õƺǡֶһ£˺ܴľƵģ˵˺
Ȼ̧ͷ͡Ū𣿡
ԳЩ̫ҽԺļʶӦòдһ˷ǲ֢״ġ
㣬Ȼˡüһȫ˸Ͻ׼ҩȫ͵طTȥȵȣ̽˰ӽһ̶ھȥ죡
ȫ˵ž뿪ˡ

ǡӭϼҪţæʵ
ãȻˣҾͲȥˣ鷳Ѹɣȫͣ²Ӵ
ô¶˵ධ
үˣ̽Ӹ
ȥүһ
ˣ˵ˣ˰أˣȫͷ˵Ͻ·
Ҳ̫ˣôҲͷ˰æʰһߣҲºúЪЪţȱ߰
ôϻϿ콻ˣǱ߿ɵŻػأ
ǡͽи񡪡ϲȥֻӦˣϾ׼
鷿أϾɷ˵ϵſڣ˽ӣϾҪһݽȥѾˡ
Ͼôűԭء

ǼȫߺżŮ̫࣬ҺúǼźԡʰ׵ˣٿʲôʹ͸׵İˡ
һͱȥϸϸϴһ飬װȫǹд硣Ϊѩӣ̺һ·տ
ǵðŪôӡűӲױߥ޽˹ֱʰһһӲסȻ棬ԲûĲ¸ǵôˢˢϴϴģ
ͷĹضءѩӣͷűЦҲ˵͹Թʲôˣ
סİ
ǰסĵطɻʰˣҲһס
ǸطֹƫƧҲŲҪһֱǶء
סˣȲ͸ҸʱеʱլԺסģ
ޡŲҪ
겻㻹ѧẦˡѩӣЦš
˵ţ˵̫ҽԺ
ûʲô򡪡ѩӣ
ǶҪġѩӣһشһתС̫г´Եȣͺˣ

ʰ밲˿æ
Լ˾ͲôЦһûˣһɻã
ػʰ꣬أ˵ˣűӵǸãǰֲˡ
֪Ѿ̫ҽԺȥˡͲòˣ˵ֵ꣬粡ˣûչ㣬ҸŻʰ꣬ɺð
šͷ˵ʲôû˵
ʲôʱأ
ͷİɣ̫ҽԺأ͹ԹԴ߾ˣ˵꣬ЦʵȥǱ߿𣿶ɶʰ뱸Ȼȱʲôֻ֨ǡūȥ
ȣлʰꡪͷ
Էɡ˵ţһӲԷҲʰĲ˽Ūô

飡
˭﷭飬أƼһٷŸС̫ſ밲ʵ
ظ¹̫ҽԺĺԪյֵΪ˹˵
ûвοңͷҲ̧˵ܸܲǵĹµġѩӣһСѵǽԺдˡ
ŶǸʲôˣ˵Һأ춢ң
ظǹĹأԺдҲ˵˲ġԪЦЦ
鷳飬ӸϣǾ͡롯ɡ
ƽͣ岢޲ףֻǺ鸡֪꣬ǺιʣԪҩЦ
ͿûˣôˣƳһۡ
ǲǣԪЦΧ˵
ҶЦˡ
ˣ̫ҽԺ˶ôڿ˵ұüˣЩˣ˭Ҳ˵仰ҲˣԿ
ԪתһֽݸССӣȥҩȡЩҩСӴӦȥˡ
ʱһŮſڽУѩӣ㣡᰹ùء
ѩӣӦţˣ鷳չ˸ȥٻأ
˶߹ˣصϷղŵ
񾿾ΪʲôﷳأԪЦǺǵʡ
ҲЦ
ԼŤͷȥ
Ԫ˼ˣЦ񳤵ÿ
ᣡű˵
˵ţѩӣˣлˡתͺԪš
Ԫ߳ѩӣЦЦ˵Ǹ񳤵Ưѩӣһ£û뵽һ̫ҽȻô֪˵ʲôأֻúԪ˵֪һиء

Ǹ˾˵ʲôˡѩӣⷢ裬һ˵
ѩӣķݺݵĿױ̨ϣûмôˡ
Ӵѩӣžһ𣬡˼ҽ㳤ĺÿأ
˭Ҫ䣡û˵
ѩӣЦ
ᣡҲЦң
Ц㣬Ǿһ仰˵Ķԡ
۾
˵ĸİ
㡪˵





27

27  ... 
 
 
ʲôأѩӣϿֽϻʲô
һģ壬ѩӣͷһۣûףǵʲôѽ
ҶʮˣΪʲôû˵Ĳأյ̧ͷϾ
˰ɣ˵ɽȥ˿ôء
ΪʲôһϢûأ
Ȼǵȫ˾ͽȥ£㼱ʲô
ôһҲûʲô˼ȥ밲ô̫ҽȥҸĲôЩûˣŽŶǹأ˵˶ûУ
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ˡѩӣȥתȥˡ
Ԫ΢΢һЦ
ɺã
ҪܣûĺҺòʲôɣ
¹ٵְǸλӵ尲Σ벻Ȼ¹ɡԪ˵ǰЩΪҩ˸оΣ
ûƾʲôҪҳҩ
ԪԶһ٣ȻˣһҩﷳʱץҩҲ١˵ţһŷ⽻ѩӣͷ񡪡˵꣬ȻΪԼܺãô¹پȸˡ
ѩӣݾҪŷݸ˦һߣôһѩӣҽ߸ĸģܲں
ƳһֳۣͿ
Ȼһ鿪ŷ⣬סˡ
ѩӣ״չȥҪϸ֣ͽŷϥϡ
ӴҿأѩӣԸúĥɡ˵߿ˡ
ڴߣ㶵Ķϥϵţ֪Ǻá

ڶ죬һ磬վſ
ʲôء
Ǹô
֣˼ң˷
ǳ֡
Ҹôˡӣ̧ͷ
Ϳˡô˵ţȴü
𣿡ˣʲôʱܻȥ
¹ٵ֪ǻϵ¡
ǵҸ粡ˣ͸ңҺȥʰһȥвĿ
ȡСӦһ䣬ǴӦ

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ү㲡ʮˡѩһԵ
ôᲡôãôһӡûСܵƵġطTͷ۵ôûɺãû
ûУء
˵طTǿ¶һЦݣǾͺá˵˵ɣҾЩˡ
⡪˶Щ񣬲֪Ƚ¾ڡ
ɫطTͷЦҲǣⲡĲˡҲҪҲЪŰɣͷˡ

֣طTĲôˣһרŽгֹʵ
ϣ
ʵ˵
ϣֻЩء
̾Ϣ˼ǲһоˣ
Ҳܿ϶ǰ˰ڵȷʵ̫
ˡЩʹ˵޹ЩҪ԰ȥطT¾ͷˡ
ô˵óʵ̿֡ҽð˰籾³ı֣ҵ𡮷ġ֣

񡪡Щˡһգ԰ԪʩЦ
С˵ÿʱ򶼻ﾭΧˣ˵
ô˵ר¹ඣԪʵ΢΢һЦ
æתһ˵ţгһš
ô˵Ը¹ඡ
ϻ˵㵽׿ϲϰæһࡣ
áȻԸôҲԸʹֻһ£ϣ񡪡
ֻҪܺúðҰ͵˵ʲôҶġŴ
񲻱ˡ¹ֻһССҪֻҪܹæͺá˵ţԪŷ⣬εĴ
Ҫʲôأ
ŶҲպȻ֪ġԪЦЦ
֮㲻ҪЮʲô˵£ʰ겻Źģ
ȻġֻܷľǡԪҲЦݣ¹ȻѧǳǸȴҲʥ飬Ƿֱܻ壻ٳˮȻҲ˲٣ȴڣ캦Ƕ϶ϲҡҲΪġ
ͷ㡣ֻͨϢȻ򡪡˵ţ͵
ҪġԪæֹס﾿˵ĵطȻʲôպȥ˰˵١˰Ĳһʱĵġĩˣһ䣬ԼҪȱأϾɽڲŲûհ

ӴʮܣãҪȥءطGʰͣߡ
ô죬ȥطָָͮܲա
˭˾Ϳ˭ȥô㶼ףطGطĸ첲ߡ
١ط磬ɵװɵ?㲻֪ϰ˵õʲôɡ˺ǿҪĲأʰ궼˵ǡҽˡعӻعˣ㵹Ƕʲôۣ
ҪȥأطGʼղͣҲȥ
ȥأƽ޹ʵģ
ȥһֵۣһطGط飬¶ĶҲ˵ȥ
ȡǡ




28

28 Կ ... 
 
 
ҩҩĵֵС̫һֻӺķſڡ
֪ˣлġѩӣӹһڵҩϡ
ôҪҺҩü߿һ밵ɫˮҾͳһúҩ𣿡
񣬺˾֪òúˡ̧ͷԪվſڻл˵
ͷ룬ôô࣡
ѵ֪˹ͷһҪѧģǳԿôԪЦӯӯĿһıӡ
һ˵
ʵӿ࣬˵ҩȡЩԲѹһѹԪ˵̧꣬ͷһѩӣ
ѩӣæͷ˵ǣš
ˣԪЦЦɻǵϴ԰˵Ļ
ͷҪ͵Ķ͵𣿡
ԪҲͷЦһЦҪյظֻҪٵһء
粡ĺ𣿡طTġ
ǵûУֻЩ飬˰縮߶Ʋ󷽱㡪˵ţ˵ȫܶƵġ
˵
ʲôأΣһ䡣
ŶԪֺǺǵЦѾ˵ţָָҩ룬ҪģǹԹԵİҿҩˡ
ۣЦЦİɣ̫ҽԺô˫۾ţ²˶

㿴ϰ˵ĲôأطT԰ӣطGһط顣
٣⵹ʵĺãҲˣôĸˣطû˵
˵ء
طͷ˿طTĸۡҪ˶Ͼ͵ùҰ˰ɣ
Ҳϰ˰һˣ
ⲻŵǸԼҲ˵ˣͳʮҲûһѵģʲôҩ׹ȥˣûܵȰʱ͵ȫˣҩˣˡܳõ𣡡
طGɵ̾
磬㲻ͬķ˰ɣطͱͱطG˵ϾʮôǸţ
ڽɼ⻰ȻطGط飬ֻĬĬ룬֪գαص

ҩ̫ҽԺ͵ҩ
ôҩ͵ıȷڣѩӣСֹţ緹ûԣȳҩ
ǴԷԸģūŲκβءС̫Ц˵ˣҩ÷ǰһ̷á
֪ˣȥɡѩӣüݣվͷͷ˰µҩˣʲôתûУ
ֲųҩģתʲôӾ￴˵֮Ǵ˵ʲôҾʲôⲻҵĹô
ơѩӣϸϸĿһ⵹ҲǸڶعزΪʲôˣµҩҲû׺ȣ
һۣأתȥ
ףôûˡѩӣȻ
ʲôûˣСֵģŪһĵʡ
ѩӣָĶǣǸôûˣ
ҲһյӸǰϸĿ˿ôûˣⲻ𣡡ָŷԵһһһէģ
ѩӣ˳ֿȥȻУֻɫˣϸ
¿ɺˣԭôڹȥأѩӣҲЦˣԭҩҲѽ

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ˣҩˡûڣѩӣ˵һֻۣðѺعά̻ض
ŶԪϸĶһԼô
ðɣҪطT£ѩӣڸǰĲɵĴ
ҩ룬ʲôЧأѩӣһ˷ܵš
ŶԪһۣǾ͵ȵȿɣ춼һԺȻ֪ˡ

ֹһߺţ̾һʵôˣ
ϡֱǳʹ
Ŷ㲻˵ˣޡһ£޶֪ˡͣһ˷Ըȥ˰ͻؾԭۡɡ
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޲Ǹ˼üЩӣ޾Ҫˣ·־ģԽȻؾ
ǳҲ¶ˡֵͷ΢̿֡
ˣ׻ͱ˵ˣϽ˻ؾɡ
ǣȥ˵ţ¡

ˣҪȥգźطTĻؾˣֳ̫ҽԺߣСӼ״æҩ伸ϡ
ʲôֵһۣСϱ졣ʵžˣ
СͷҲҳæ档
⡪˺ԶȻһ̧ͷﰡСһԻСʵ
ֲǣֻߡ
´ˣѩӣЩԾô˻һˣ
ֲֻʵǸأ
ѩӣһ£ͷء
˵ţʹ߳ˣų֡
ֿȻͳ̾һתҪߡ
ѩӣסȻѩӣճ£ѩӣĵͷȻͷɿܹȥڳǰһſڵҸ
ҡͷϿڡȻˡ
סˡȻסֵֿ޵ξҸ硪ζҪκ
β¶һһģε˲Ȳ̫ΪǴˡСһСοǴѾˡ
ˣֺֹСӱ졣
޵ӲһֻɱС
Ǻοأ⹬￴ֲߣǮСӶֻ۾ֱ˵
ſǻҰҸ磬˵ڹҶҺܺãġ˵˵žҲ˵ȥˣ޵ļ
֣۵ĸղΪ̫ݱĨķֱԼءĲһᾡģֻζܺԼȥ˵žžવĵϡ
šĵͷ
߰ɡһüݺĵ
տţתԭصѩӣ£ֻûйܽһ֪𣿡
ѩӣ㶵ĵͷ֪֪ڶҲ˵ȥģ






29

29  ... 
 
 
ϽưɣⶼˣѩӣϳӭźԪ˵ҲˣҲ˯ˣһ仰Ϳ޸ûˡѩӣòˡ
⻹˵ãԪɡÿӾš
ݣżڴϣ۾׵ϸߣ޵ͨ죻Ԫüôˣǰʱúõģ
ɲǣ⺢Ӳ˵粻ˣԼ尾
£Ԫ߹ȥߣ˰أûɵġ
ֻһĵᣬ
ǲϽˡԪ֪ţ֪ܺùԹ԰ѷˣȰԼչ˺ˣĲã
ҡͷ޵ûõģòˡ
⺢ôƽ׵أԪüòõģûжۣ㵹˶
˵ţ룬ҵģȰⷹˡ
ҡͷʲôá
ã㲻ԣȥ߰˰磬㲻ˣٲİɣԪᡱվߡ
Ҫ´סԪ޵
ԪסοںͲúõĲҪģǺõĸЩ
ͷںԪ
޹ˣԪͷԷԣ
֨Ԫ˷͵ߡһۣ졣Ԫĵİһ뷹ιǣŶԡܲµģñ֤Լ£֪𣿡
ĵͷҸʲôʱܺء˵Ҫᡣ
𡪡Ԫժ۽ǵᡣ֣Ҵ㿴һ
˵ţſɡ߳Ժӡ
ȥĶ
žˡԪǰ棬˵
ߵ԰һСϣԪȴʯ
ѵĸںԪ棬Ţĵһǳһŵš
ȥİʡ
ԪЦ
һȦ߻ԺӣʲôҲûŰ
ҪĶأԪЦЦЬӡ
һѾЬ
ֻԪȡһֻĹЬ׵ࡣ
ֻǿ㶡
ȡ
ѩӣӦ˾
Ԫµ༰СĵѩӣС
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㶵ġ
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ʲôأ
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𣿡
ǾԿ
ӹС裬ŽɵĿźԪ

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Ŷôˡ
ط鰴סطG֣ذʲôöҲһۡ
˵ţططG
Ӵطմ򿪣ͽס
һſڵ磬㲻ǡ
˵ʲôطGЩȵĳؾᡣ
طٺٵЦЦĸطGߵ鲻ֵģôȻ𾭿ˡ
˵ʲôطG
㿴㣬ˣط˵ţС⾿һҵġ
˵ĿڣԲԣҿϿ¸ûǻİɣ
ֿطGЦܲ㻭İɣ
Ǹ£ҲûǸּľطGǷ̾
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ѽǷ𣿡طGҲ㣬ûǸջ˶ǡҲѣͱ˵һǴġ
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ȡ
㵹˵˵⻭ôģ
ǰνȥǼҵ̡طG赭д˵Ϊһѣ˭֪и֮ÿһ£һ
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طGҡͷȴȻ㿴˵ţһвȡչ
УͬŮӣȻȴͬ
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ѽɲǡطGôһ˵ط鿴Żƺ⻭еҲЩ֪ͬľǸʲôأֿһطGܿƵġ㲻Ǵڵİɣ
֪ǻһ˲ͣȥһڵˣҴδλһǡ
˴ҲǸհա






30

30 ѿ ... 
 
 
㿴ˣһͷȥĶ쿴ָ˷ܵĺ
ʲôˡѩӣչųһСѿѣʲôɴСֵģ
Ļ᳤أ°ͣ˵Ĳͺˣ֪Ὺʲô
ѩӣ֪˵ЩʲôãѾ߰ȥˣطTϢһҲûУֻпֲܼԷ˯
ˡͷԪѩӣæӭȥ
㿴㿴ĳˡǸСԪ
ҵȻ֪ԪЦеС硣
ʲôأűӿǸ۵Сѿ
֪ˡԪЦЦʲô۶̫硪
˵ҸĲͺˡ
Ԫͷ˵ͷѩӣҵȲ衣
ѩӣͷȥˡ
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»裬ӹŷ⣬鿪ھͿطTС

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ԪһŲ裬۽ǣ¸룬Ц

ˣҪĲ衪ѩӣȲȴԪŸ룬ġ
Ԫһ£˶ЦѩӣֵĿˣ֪ʲô

ٴæʲôءûˣ
ŶæЩ¶ѣԪţһֻ觵ı̺ţͷϰ壬¬֣ʲô
¬ЦǺǵĵ̴֪Ҫô״أ
ȣɰӱ̺ôһ²˵öඡ
أǲ֪Ρ˵ţ¬֣ˣ߶룡

Ԫ¬ڽеһƸһһչʾǻ˵컨׹ֻǵͷਲ費
¬һ߲ԹɫҲûģЦˣ㻹ƢȡһֻСԿףߵһֻСϻһֻ˿޴ӣ㿴Σ
ֻ¬һֻȭͷСɰԪǰһ˫ϸϸ档
ֻˮɫת֮䣬ӨӨ⣬Ԫͷ΢Цˡ
¬ҲЦˣиƽֵһ˵ȡһ֧ᡣ
Ԫü֪Ƕ겻īˡ
˵˵žչ
ʱԪסˡ
Σ¬Ц֪˵Ĳ
ԪηŻЦĻҲҲڼɩ˷Բ˶ߣ
ȿȡҲżȻãֻڵţԭųأȥá֪⻭˾ϵķӡ
ŻλĻǿ˳ԷĴţĶˣã
ôٴΪ˻˶׫ඣ
ĪΪ˼ľɫԪЦЩ߷ǳ֮ҲûģƾҰ֮ôˣ

ڶ죬¬ڸոտţͿԪ۽꣬Ӵʲôˣ
Ԫһߣǻܽġһţ
¬ˬʵĴЦֵϲȻͣαҪġô£ֲʲôֵǮĶ
ļٵģԪɵĿ
ɣת˰̣ˣͷһʲôĵģ˵¬úԪţЦЦҪ÷˷ˣɱ˵Ҹģ

ô㵹ͷƵģҹͰνأѩӣһʰ·һЦţǰŽѣۿžֶôһأ
߲𣿡ſڴ̨ϰŪŻͷݵعճƵģҲûѣ
˼û㣬ôô̱ˣ
ҲϲÿμҶһŵı飬ҾͲƾʲôƲң졣
ѩӣ֪֨عյĶǻʹūǶǱߣǰιдͣλһķݣȻľ˴룬ЩԵҲøȻԼҲˣѩӣЩΪˡ

ʲôʱܼҸأſŻͷ㶡
˵ĻɣúóԷú˯ԹԳҩС˻ˣͺˡ
šĵͷ۾Ц۶Ҹ㽡

ѾôˣΪʲôҪأϧѽ԰䣬ƼһŮһһ軨޼
ٺõĻҲгĲʵĵطԣҪޡ˵ţָָԱߵһüõĻľ㿴Ǹô
ͷã
Ǹ޹ģ޹Żá
񣬿ʲôأԪ԰վ԰͹к
ҵĻˣްɡ̧ͷ
ԪЦЦ̫ҽ԰ֻ˲޻

ʲôأǸ˰ɡ
˵ءϰ˲һãһƺ»صȥˡطG˼鶵һȦӣֵصԭˡ
иͬѾͷعȥˣʰǰǿ黤õˡ
طGЦһ£˵






31

31 ˼ ... 
 
 
ô񲻳߶ˡѩӣͷʵ
뿪̫ˡĵ̾Ҳûа취ôء
ôǸˡ
Ѿˣ˵Ҹˣʰ궼ûһ桪ȻͷҲΪʲôʰչ˰ɡ
˵óԺúȵĹţʱʱ꺮ůģܽгͷҲ̫ˡѩӣŤͷȥͰĵİɡԼˣȻмʱأ
ͷ

𡪡ԪһžЦǺǵ˵
ˣôѩһˡѩӣ˵ŰӹĶ񣬡ղѾˡ
ô˴𣿡ûˡԪЦЦĻɰûС
ˡôѩҪůţ綳ˣůƣʱ滹Ŀأ
ůͣȻÿ졪Ԫôӵһأ
ѩӣӲƵģһθڣʮµѣֶˣ
ô񸮲𣿡Ԫü
ǰջˣô졪ѩӣ˲ˣȱȲůůɡ
ҲǡҪˣæĲɿأȻЩ˲ģ·䣬ɡ
Ǹʲôأգ۾
ѩ飬īȫʲôأԪɫįʱڲҪ񡪡ѩ£֪жžأȴˣͿֱˡ
ȥ˼ҲҪôأ
֪кһĸǽĳ·𣿡Ԫࡣ
Цˣ֪ʰ˵ˣȵʮͷ⹫ء
Ȼأ
Ĭˡû¡ΣС˵ԭһӶҸš
Ԫû˵ѩӣЩ죬ǲ廰ȥȡЩɣôã˰ɣ
ͷԪȴʱˣҾͲˣ塪˵϶ͷҲصȥˡ
ѩӣһۣôˣ

պԪûҲûȻȴ͵طTĵڶױšһ£Ȼ񣬡лҸ硪
ֻæס򲻿ˣԼķ֮£ǽг޵ˣ
۾Ҹ绹𣿡
ģ˰ܺãһҲǽһ仰
ɴ۾š
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ˣͷҸ˵ҶˣҲúñء
ģһѻ˵꣬߳š

ˣǺοأҲ̫ȱЩһҪȰ˰ѾͰ˰һһ⻹꣬Ҫ͸ǣ壬һ£һѲ˸ϵˣֵķ޲ǵȰ
ΪҲ𣡡üҪƾġҲôܽһ˫Ů֮أ
ҲҪУѾ˾͸ȫˣαΪС¾ȥء
ﷳĻӻ֣һ˼Ҷʲôҵţֺαضģ
Ҳǰײģ㿴Ǽζ꣬ĸӽ޿𣡡
˵ţͲ
̾ġٲãǳ¶ˣԼܲǵġ

үҲЪɣŸպˣϾطTڷ²Ȱ
طŢͷЦЦһôЩ죬϶ְײٲģﲻ֪˶ٴˣֻЩӸŶڹ
ϾطTվЩȻЦڹͷֻǰЩɣֺαصء
סūǡ֪ģһڣҵٺ»ˣĶΪһһ⣬ز죬ôܺùطT˵꣬ҵЦЦ
ϾЩᣬΪطTĻҲΪԼ
һˣôءطT̾š
үúõģο˵ĻϾ۾иˣôһҹȥˣպʲôأ
طTҡҡͷ㲻ǲµģµֻ˻طT˵ţһỺĻ
ϾطTᣬ˸УԼҲ̲ס
ôˣطŢͷƼϾᣬʵ
ûʲôϾæĨȥֻǾӵ룬ūŵĽֲֻ֪ʲô³أ
طTȴЦˣҲĲֳĬһϾǿЦҲ˵еأֻҪǶϧԼмһ졪
طTͷ۾΢΢һ⡣

ʮ괺
˿롪طTԪæã
үؿԪæ񣬽
үԪгһֻŷݸطT
طTӹϣϲ𿴣ʵɺã
үģܺã񣬳ĺҼһˡ
𣿡
Ԫ΢Цʲôʱڿõĺء֪ڶټأ
طTţ¶οЦݣ֣ˡ
αԪһЦ׻˵ҽ߸ĸġǾֶѣҵ࡯ֻ֣źԼûôðˣ
طTһ£̾꣬ҾܾΪΪģҲѾһ硯ˡ
ү˵Ǵƽ֮ˣԪЦֻôҲǱȲķգ

˵԰ĺѾȫˣһҲȥɡѩӣʵ
Ǳȥˡҡͷعǣһڿֲ࣬ҸǶҺαǲʹء
ǲҲ̫ϧˡѩӣأźš
ǡǰȥգҲûʲôˣʡЩǷǡ鵭˵
Ҳá

׼ųŰɡ
ɫͷš
ļ·أѩӣӷš
һǳɫĻǺϴġ⿪ŵͷͷҿ
š𣿡ѩӣһ
ЦŵͷȻǺµģͷա
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ױУһֻЦѩӣͷж亣أѩӣǰЩطTģͷܽĺǿɰ
һʱʰ׵ˣھǰ˿ѩӣЦﶼ˵ԽԽÿˣտҲãôװˣſЩ˵ķ
˵ֿžԼһ㶣૵֪翴ô

˵ǹˣɸʲôҲǵŹ֡ط鲻ţҲûȥͻġô˵ޣǺʲôʱˣ
һ첻٩ͲطGƳһۣʱͻܿĵȻֻܹͣ¸أ
ﻨǰµģ֪˻Ҫ˵Щʲôأط黹ǆûꡣ
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ĲأطGЦŸϹȥԣȴطճյټǰ
ɵƼʲôˣطGһ£ǣ˳ȥ

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㣬㿴ָǰһ֦
㿴ǸĲźءһ󴮶һ𣡡ѩӣָϵһء
Цͷ쿪ȥѩƮĺĻꡣҲѻ˺һ㻨꣬·ѩѩӣժһ仨ϱţΣЦ˳úıˣţһĻҲܱȲȥ
üëôˣԸ佱ˣ
ѩӣĿ˵ʵһۼ㣬Ҿ֪һǸˣֻûϵô
ƤգգۣȻ
ѩӣĵͷ
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Ȼһ̧ͷӰӰζ㿴Ǳߣˣ
ʲôֵģֲǹ
ɺˣ
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ô㣡طGͷطüëüЦڼҴźúóԷָҺ˵˵Լһû׵ܱԵ
һʱҶЦˡ

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Ӵ㵹˵ҡԼֻ±ҳյĸɡطƲƲ죬˭·߲ˣԷЦ
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طչ֪˼ҹ˰ɡ
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ѽѽ磬ԭ㡪ҲǸࡪˡطĳôһϷģôǰûأ
ȥģطGһǻֵĳǻЦԳǡһˡ
ǡǴɫǽŶ԰ɡطͱͱطGȻȥ 
 31 ˼ ... 
 
 
˵ţ˼֮ࣿ
㣿ֵطGƲˣʰôʰ㣡ѹ㲻뵱ڶطiɣ
˵ģطһƿҪҲ㵱ΪǸ˺˼ĸɣ






32

32  ... 
 
 
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Ԫֹлһ˰۾֮Ҳһ
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궼ûдġǰڼҵʱǳġЦЦ֪
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ȥ£ԪŲŴ̨Ǻŵ٣ϸһ˿΢Ц

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лȥˡ
ѩӣЦ˵İɡ֪ҪжҪĿɿڴأ
㲻ҪȡЦˣüعǻ֪ôأ
α⣡Ԫһٸ룬Ķ˵ǣֻҪһ̹մ󷽷ȥ磬ۣ֮պԼ
ͷ˰Ļ˵˿ڣҸһҲڵϰɣ
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ҲϯһЩЦôһƽնڼģûʶ
һʱЦˣϷԽղŵξ档

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ûôǸʧ̬ӣطתҪߡ
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£ط鳹ײ֪˵ʲôˡ

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33

33 Ȧ() ... 
 
 
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طTЦЦҡͷҪô׾ͱƷˣͲˡ
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ѩӣȥͿطT֡

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طGһ
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34

34 ȦףУ ... 
 
 
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35

35 Ȧף£ ... 
 
 
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ˡѩӣҪ˵ʲôԪȴ뿪ˡֻѩӣԭط㶣֪롣

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ҿǽŰǶ顪üһֻ»ʰҪ࿴ˣ
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36

36  ... 
 
 
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ӣֻƳһۣİ޺޵ĵūţǾңƲף
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37

37  ... 
 
 
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ˡطЩջ𣬡ҿطT֪ôճ





38

38  ... 
 
 
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˵ţ㽥Ŀˣ˵ť»Ͻεʲôʲôȵճϸ顣ţѩӣһյƣť»ϵѾͷִε˼ز衣

ңһ˵ûꡪ˰Ҳ˰ɣť»Ц˵Ҹ˵ɡֵݹһֻСЦѩӣ˵ģģĹӣ񳢸ʰա
ɩɩˡЦ˵ѩӣɩɩɡ
㻹ʵЪŰաť»æЦ·ʲôͲ͵ģ

ӣǼݵǶûжôȥǲе㡪ҹť»ȥʵ
ȥѡť»һЦ˵ʲôء
Ǹѣ˼꣬ͳˣߵĽôأ
ť»ϿԼһЦﶮү˼أ





39

39 㡱 ... 
 
 
ߴߴ˵ʲôء
ү˼طG˶ť»ЦŹݽҪô취ء
ŶطGͷüĿ𣿡
ҿǴӼաЦҲʲôգȥƵģԼҰϯһСϷˡ
ҲãطGͷЦίˡ
ЦֻҪԼָ˱ãٴ˷桪
ţ˵Ӿ͸ϿȥްɣȻǰæҵġطGЦЦİɣҾͲﰭְŵˡ
˶һЦ˵ᡣ

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㿴㲻ýҹѩӣ̾ȫ͵Ĳˡ
ʲô취Ҳİ
˭ģ˻ûȥ˵ţѾ˱Ԥ˯ˡ

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 ϴ֣һ͹ģôˣ
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ҲǡѩӣһСֹôأ
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ſڴšѩӣ˵ô
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ԸɡЦɶ˯һ
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˵طGһطTȣⷢϰôˣҾͲҡ
طƤİʳָطGߣ㻹𼱡֮أҿɴû˼ϰ˰Ѿͷһﲻǵġ
ҡطGּ˵˦ط֣ЩܻƵ˵£

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ѩӣҪסˣæ
СɣҶ˯ءˡһ߽˿Ǹˡ
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Ӵѩӣüëһ桰ͷһۣѩӣͷݡ

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šӦֻ˦ôһ䡣ҹһСۣһЦ룬⺢ӵЩ˼






40

40  ... 
 
 
ճԷʱּЩЦһ죬ť»Ͽ԰ţť»Ц˵ҿڵĻ񳤵Ŀɺءָ԰һ㿴ɺãͽ˸ÿսţҲܺã
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ү
ꡪطGüֽ֣֨ҪֻͷСվű𶯡
ԼȴǰŻ԰ĳ

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ͷİɡ֣һЦһүģƢõĺء
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СѡطGһ£ЦôҶǹô
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41

41 Ϸ ... 
 
 
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ʲô
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42

42 չ ... 
 
 
㣬Ҳ߯СˣѾͷʳôҲֲȥİϼť»ϴסЦ
Լˣԭڶһ˼ť»˵̧ͷЦŮ˵ģ²Ϊˣ˼ˣүʡġ
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ء̧ͷŰɣԺĻأڴϧˡ
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ŲһЦ

طG˯ԼдļԾһСЩԾôո𣿡
֣ո飬ԸŲþţūžû
ŶطGµĻһЦ

ʲôѽѩӣ׷ʡ
ǺǵЦһֻè
㡪ѩӣĪĿֻصЦЦ͹Իطȥˡ

峿԰ŪݣطGЦǺǵ߹ȥ簡
ȡҲ̧ͷҲ簡ֵͷЦĸ̵ǣþƬʱĪء
ŶطGһЦèҲĺðˣ
һʱ˶Цˡ
үطGͷ֣СܹԤˣԭǱɡûҵһѡ
ҪԶ𣿡⣬ô컹ɡ
Ŷүȥ㡪
ޣ۾һܴȥ𣿡
طG⻰أæͷðʰˣ

үɸءʱϲԹɫ˵
ɲǡŴ˰ɣť»ҲˣЦЦ˵
ðɡ󵹲󣬲ͦġطGЦЦ˼Ƕ񿪻ƵĶˡ
ôţǺǵЦүϷŶҰĴأ
˵ţŮ˽ｻһ˼Զ

ҹ￿ϵʱطGԼ˯ŵӣ߸һ΢Ц





43

43 鷿 ... 
 
 
ʰ꣡طTڵϣ鼤Ǩô߶أ
üŶ¶Сֵģһ٣û˵𣿡
طŢͷϵĮı飬ˣʺ棡ߵͷ³çˣ
Ŷûʲôʰһ飬ĵ˵ȥɡҪЪһ

˸硪طKΧô
طTҡҡͷʰǴﰡطKֱ߽Ҳһ֣

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Ҫ㣬ɲô롪طƲƲ죬ڷŻСѾͷ֪ˣǵ췭ظɡ
죡طGһЦҿδءҵˡ
ǷˡطҡͷڿҪɵڶطTˡ

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ôҰաһЦָָϵĻһ˻ġ
úãطGЦߵȥòá
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ˮߣרעĿˮĶطGȴĵĸͣﵽϲһ֦βͲݡЩԵʱ򣬻ͷͿطGǿЦ죬תطGæʹ׷
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ôءüĿԼˮյЬࡣ
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ѽ㡪һƿȥطGͨͨĶһЦ

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طGЦЦ˹
ѽУѾطGһѱ
ˡطGЦ
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ҷֿطGüëҪ֡
ҪΪҪ䣬æֻסطGĲӡ
Ҿ˵طGһЦ§ץĵȥӴ

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ƿѩӣ Žžܽȥˡ
طGıӰһ΢Ц

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ôť»ϾŲ裬Ц˵ʲô
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˼ˡť»ϴү¾ԼҲͽ͡

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˵ˣûСĳӣԼ
ԼѩӣѹΪ㻹𣿡
Ҫô죿ÿӡ˵ܻҸ硪˵ȥ
㡪ѩӣڴϸĶˡ
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硪ƿڵķžͺȻ鷿һˡźڶ鷿̱żʧ
񡪡ѩӣ׷龰һ£߹ȥ§סļ

緹ʱطGһ۷ʵôء
˵ǲԽѩӣ͹ȥˣť»ϵ
ô᣿Ѳǻúõȥ˵ž
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ŶȥưɣֱǱȥˡ

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ûж
طGڴߣ˯ţҪıӡȴ߬űĿޡ
طGűḧ
үѩӣݿطGԣһ
񾿾ôˣطĢͷʵ
Ŷ˷纮ɣѩӣܿ췴Ӧµģүõġ
𣿡طGЩɻֻͷ˿ˣú̺šʲôҪֱӽ˸˵ͺˡ
ȡѩӣͷ

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ɵš
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һڡطGһ㶣ȻˣҴӽԺ󶼻ڡ˵ţģһڡһ汧

֣ʰ
үʲô֣طGææʰ
鷿ʰ
鷿֣һô
𣿡طGһۣԺ˯鷿





44

44 仯 ... 
 
 
㣬ô˵ŴЦ
ʲôô˵ť»ɻĿ
үѾᵽ鷿ȥˣŭ㻹ҪװƵʲôʱ򣡡
Ŷť»ЩԾ˵ʲô
ſָææȺ㿴
ť»Ͽ˿棬һ𣬡ô졪
ʲô
ûʲô-ť»ҡҡͷûʲô

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ôطGʰŶط顣
ҪɵڶطTطţ㻹ҪҪ
ʲô߰ģطGƿŵҲطһͨƪۡ
ãҲƽϣһȺŮ˽ôְɣطû˵طTҪˣҿʱôԸ
طGһЦ

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ȥǶ
˸硪طKסȥôأͱˣ
طT˦ͳš

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ҼӣطT˵ƿߡ
үͨں溰ۿϣ񣬡ŸϽͨۡ

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֡

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˸磿طK˻طTеϢæӭô
طTҡҡͷ̾˿߰ɡҶֵĿԼǿЦЦﶼˡЪŰɡ

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ǰһȥ̫ˣ˸񶼾ЩˡԪͷЦ
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ðõĺܡԪЦЦҿҲܺˣɫöˡ
ðɡͷѩӣ˲裬ˣΰүҲɡ
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ǰԪҪЩӲܼţ񲻱ļ˴γУϻǺذүģػظҲûܡ
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Ԫһ˰ɡҿδô׾ͱˡ
Ǿưɡѩӣֹš

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ȥطͷҲء

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ǰɡطGƽ͵ЦЦطļ磬¾ͷѷˣ
ޡطһƴطGؿڣǲֻҲ˵óڣҵϹۣô˵²룬š

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ôأطGͷЦǵ£ͱϹˡ
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طGɿһǿЦЦûʲôһȥˣЩ˯ɡ
ЩĿĳصȥ






45

45  ... 
 
 
ĸ磿
ôأطGһ۾ͿԼߣæֽԼϡģ
û¶ϥǿߵĲˣ˵ʲô𡪡
УطG˵ţּҹ˵طTĻЩȻ
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ѽʲô£ҸĶġֵƤĳЦЦӲÿ˵Ųɷ˵ӹͷ

أԪݣĹ˲ѩӣ
Լɣѩӣ鷿ͷЩ˵ţһģܵ˼ҷȥʲôӣ
Ԫƿ죬㿴ֻ˯³Žվ鷿طGͷ˿˵ЦġԪЩȣѩӣ춼𣿡
һξͲˣ졪ѩӣ˵ţ̾˭֪Ժôأ
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ǡ
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áԱһ˵
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ǲһԡ
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׼ʲôˣѩӣʺԪΪ㲻˵һϣ˵֪ѩӣ˵Żͷ
ǲģǽҹⲻȥԪЦЦĸǰЩӺȻ˹ֲҩҲã˵ʲôˣֱǺ˵һΪףôǺ˵
ⲡҲÿôأѩӣüʲôаƫ
Ҳ˵˵Ҫʲô֮ϵһ˵ģҲš
ҵ˵ѩӣЦСʱڼҴײҲ˵Ҫ֮˵һѹסġ
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˵õġѩӣؼһ˼ҲĶ
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ˡѩӣӣСĲЩ𣿡
Ԫҡҡͷֻûôס
㡪ȡһС
ԪչطGһ縷˿Ԫһ㶣⡪
βҪͱѽѽһЦװñƼˣ
Ԫæպãˡ
ֻǾ֮Ͷѣ⣬С˵ԺҪĻأ

ǰЩ˵ҪϷģôȻû˶ť»ϺźȲ˵
⼸ݻ˹˵£үҲæ͵ˣЦôýЩˣ
ǵûУť»ЦЦζˣҲѵҵǸо徲˲١
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ȥһť»ЦҿЩӣѾĺöˡ
ǾͺðʱҲýˣҿ㵹ǺѾͷͦͶԵġ
ǰʱزģֿģȥ˾;⺢ӻͦϲġť»ЦҲԹү
Ҳô˵ءϵͷȻ˵ҪϷ͵мҲʦڵģǼŮ˼־ͺá
ðǾô˵ˡ






46

46  ... 
 
 
쿴ʲôͷԵť»ϡ
ֻһǡֻһСԸ־ǣť»Ц
ţϷͦĵġ
ԼɣȤť»Ͻæ˵
µ˿Ϸť»Ц
ôأǺǵЦ

һʱϷϣǼϷӹ͡
ϵͷǸǵһ·ֻŵשЩֵ
ȻҪǫЩѩӣԵ
ЦǺǵ˵Ҽǵ̨Ͽͦÿģܵͷϧ
ť»Ͼ⻰ƲʣһԸɿһ
ûʲôԴ뿴˺Ŷѱĸˡ
㶹ˣ쳢ɡϵæ˵һ䣬ѻ
ŶŻͷٻͷʱѾߵǱˡ
ϡæȲ裬ϸոϵȲ裬Щ졣
ǸһֱͷСȻͷһۡ
һ̧ͷҪˤڵϡ
ôѩӣЩæסеĲ豭
һ£һſڣûʲô
ť»ҲЩԣҲ˳۹⿴ȥȻѾǵˡ

ôˣѩӣԴϷ֮һֱ㶵ġ
γѰ̧ͷһۡ˵ʲô
˵㾿ôˣѩӣϷСˣ
߳

Ӵϡ͡طGطTǰЦôȤˣ
ҵȥֻ͹ⰡطTЦ
طTǡطGЦݣ̬ȲҪҰ
㻹ôطTЩߵ˵Ѿˣѵļһ涼𣿡
ŶطGζĵͷΪѾأ֪ҹطT˽
طTֻ޺޵Ŀһۡ

ҸˡϢһƿѩӣ֣߿Ѿܡ
ѩӣôЬϰ

㵽òҼɡطTЩ˵
طGûüڣֻһ󼱴ٵĴϢ
硪
طGһ㶣ѾƹԺܹˡǡطGš
硪 
ȡطTҲһ㶡
ȡطGһ߸ɿһطTƿԼֱۣſңŽվԼǰǺǵЦ
ŶطTЩΣ㡪ôˣôëëŵġطT߰ѣЦġ
ͷԼ۵ŤŤ½ԼҲЦˣ䵽طTߣҪطŢֽ⿪ۡıӯ¶ǡطTֺȻЩ
硪סָô
طT۹ⲻֻ֪䵽΢ڣ̿аЦЦĶ䡣طTյĸˣæƫһߣ
⣬ЦǺԼӣطT첲ϣûʻʰʲôʱܻؼѽ
طGȥȻ߳ӡطT֣̾ǿЦȥʡ
ǧѽ̧ͷһۣ־Żʰһ𣬰һܲʵġһ̧ᴷˡ
طTﰵп֪࣬Լʲô޼£ֻǿЦݣ԰οˣЩӾͽȥҲˡ
šҪ˵㻰Ŷɵĵͷ

Էôɡһȥ˵ž
ѽ֣æסүԸˣ˭ý
˵ϵҲҪŲɣ
Ӵġ֣үƢֲǲ֪һؿǶġȥҲδؾ֣͡һ
ˡϳһ̧ͷгʱԤţүҪʲôûץûԵģ
Ȼġ֣ͷЪŰգžˣ

Ҹ˵ЩӾܻȥأڴ߿ĵЬҪؼ
ðؼҾͽˡѩӣҲЦϹˣ
ߡʱȥ̺һһѲһٱģ㻹ô˵
ðңѩӣմˮͳùţһš
ҪҲһؼҰɡֹˣ§ѩӣĲӣȥʰ꣬ٻṬͷˡ
ҿûôõѩӣЦЦٰһҲóˡﲻһ
ѽ͸ȥɡĸ첲㣡
ˣϽ˯ɣѩӣЦʵֺγ뿪ǸֻиǽƵֻԼѳֺοԼء

طT߬ȦϸϸĿţȻһǶȦϵһ˶ĺ˳ӭҡҷԼԼǳһĹۣ·һЩּıʻطTһæȡ£̿һŰּֽͶֽϣȴǲȱȫģֻмֻаߡȫǲɢġطTһĻȡĺ񻷡һһ󣬲Ӧΰ˼⡣Ȼǿӵεϣ۾ƺһСףᴩطTϳһ˿ߣǸСףڵײһᡣôôأ˼ʱ򣬺š֨ϡһˣϾʲôˣôû˯طTһѸٽеĶһ̧ͷЦ
ﻹŵƣ֪ûæ꣬Щҹȳ԰ɡ˵Žһ״յطTߡ

ⶼˣΪʲôûϢأ
ʲôءѩӣǰĲߣһȵġ
Ҹ˵˾ߵġûСȻ̾Ϣ
ô£ܵõһӲֵѩӣο
𣿡ۣĸ񰥡
ѩӣεЦЦԼ취ɣ
Ȼ۾һӾܡ
ȥĶѩӣͷԣæҪüĿ鷿ȥˡ

硪ƿžطGߡطGһôУﲻͰζӳ£ζ൱ܡ
ôطGԴɫ
ûʲôطGǿЦЦæ𴦹ȥա
סƽʱطG˳ӣºȻҪЩ֣Щίı죬ǡȣ˵ת̾˳ȥ֮ǰͷֿһֻۣطGü·ͷƵġر䵭ţȻЩѹ

ʱ֣طGһû鷿ƵĻţ뵽ԺߡžͿϥڻԱߣһǾޱطGһ𣬵¾Ҫ߿ȴӲŲšʹľߵߡ
ɵģ֪ɵЦһβͲݵһ仨ţ˵㲻
㻹һֵԱߵһǾޱ̾Ϊʲôء
طGЦ߶߶ΪʲôȥءΪʲôءҲ֪
طGһȣԭ⡪ԼĮЩ⡣
ء
ѽһΧϵˡطGæվĸ磬
ҪʲôطGƵЦЦ
ҡҪ˵ּѩӣ˵ġΪǰΪķ˰աڵĻȥûʲô

ΪʲôһͲء׷ѩӣʡ
֪ѩӣʵȻĺܣһʲô׵ӣôýءϲɡ
ΪʲôأҸﲻѩӣʸס
ǾͲ֪ˡѩӣƲƲ죬֮£˭֪أ
᲻ҲϲҰеΣС
ôôںءѩӣȻѿڶھͺڣǣõģͷİɣ
һ㶣еίС˵ҸѽǶҪˣôءе㰧ԹĿԼЬ⡣
˵˲ġѩӣε˵֮Ҷܺȥ˯в

ˣĸ׵Ĳ𣿡
öлǹšԪЦЦ
ǾͺÿǺǵЦջ֣䣬ôͦõİɣ
ţáԪͷ粻Ƣθ麮ԶҪע⡪
ɴͿӣѸüɿڵĶϣʡѩӣýô˵æ
ţҲáԪ˵žʣһֽݸѩӣһţٳһǸģ޴ˡ
˹ȻܵѩӣӹһЦǵӣôҲҪ𣿡
ǰԪͷҿأƢθãɬ͵Ķֻ¸ءܲ⼰˰աֿЦίˡ
ҲһͷԴһֱίء

ڲ²װɣ˵һô죿˵ڸϣⲻʯô
ꡪԪüСѾɿˣմҶģ˵ҩһʱϵòҶͨϸˣүõ࣬רãʮ£Ͳˡ
һҪǲء
һоȼķӣԪ־ͷİɣҰŵ¾˴





47

47 Ϸ ... 
 
 
㰡飬Ȼ̧ͷʲôô㣿
ǲζɣť»Ͻҿ΢΢һЦµĻģҪô˵СҪ
òáæ֣˵ҪɿڣܺȲ衪
ˣť»Щ죬ֵͷЦСҲ֪ʲôģô
ɩɩȻֵǰЩǸϷ࣬ʲôʱأ
ô־ˣ
ţϷأЦϴݵǸǡȤٿһء
𣿡ť»ϵͷЦǲͽһٿ

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Ӵ֪ģǼӰǰͽ˸鳭
ǸһͷĶأ
ĳֵǮĶûˣʣĶתͼˡỹŶذɣҲ߯˵҆
׺䶥һڵеģû¶ɣ
ŵĺǿûû¶
ߺð
ʧǵŲŲӳ˵šû˺
λСȻ׷ƹ˵ˣһ˲ŵģǴɣҪţȻԺǼҼҲðġ
ȣѵġԻЩ񣬡һ񻷣Ŵв豭ô󣬷Ǽģ˵ţִȡһӣУлˡ

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Ŷ𣿡ť»ֿ˿ЦЦǻˡһ񣬡ȥϰΪʲôˣ
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Ŷť»Цôԭ򡪡
һֱƲֵģϷҲӡ
սΪ㳪һΣť»Ͽ£Цһ£æ˵òá

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һˣװ֪æĶ
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ѩӣһ㶣ò׵ǼӦȥˡ
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ι˶ˡѩӣӵϼʲô׷ȥݵС
һ㶣ӹл

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ʲôʡ̧ͷһۣҡҡͷ˭Ҳ˵
ѩӣһοһ˵Щʲôվ˵ڡ

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ֻһֻֽһ׷͵ġĻڡ
죬ҶأɫϺ̴䡣
ɽӳбˮ飬б⡣
꣬׷˼ҹҹǣ˯
¥ݶУ˼ᡣ

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ѩӣҡͷ֪ˣһֱ֪ĥʲôء
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ôˣطG°ͣЦӻ˼Ϊаأ
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ӴطGЩȣһ˶٣ʳ˿ڣ𣿡
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ðɡطGͷóûпҾͲˣԸŰɡ

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ô˵ɴĴ
ðɡǾѩӣ˵һִסҲʡҪ֪ԼʲôоԤıΣԣĵžš

סĶ𣿡ѩӣϷʵ
ˣطܽȡһС
ζлˡѩӣһСɰݸģָܽҪӣѩӣֵԸ߱ˡҲԡܽͷһġ˶ȥˡ

أطGʵѰѩӣҲЩԡ
أطGͨ
ūһ߽ѿūž죬Ѿˣ˸񡪡ͨûطGŵūѾ˳ȥˡ
ʣطG־ŭΪʲô籨
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طGֺͨæۻҪܵѣҰѷ©һҪԴ

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Ϊʲô̧žͽӡ

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ʲôͣտЦ
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һС
Сðͷļ磬˼һǷķǮˡѽѽǡ

ѽ񰥡ͨһæأȻظˣæϻȥӭ͵ҪʲôѽɰǼˣ
ҲȥߣʲôɴСֵģһۣΪȻ
Ҳ˵һͨһҪҲүüʲôأ
֪ˡЩͷⲻǺúõĻ𣿡

𣿡طGüԸ֣ȥĶˡ
ūŰ˼ˣܽȥģǵַ˵ţһСūѾˣǰһϷӵס
ʣطGŭûŪ𣿣ôȥֵط
Ϣŭ֣Ҳò׵ŵūŲʵˣȷʵطūҲ֪ȥʲôֻūźȥϷӣ˵ΪϸǸ֣ò˵ĳڣɿһ£Ҳ첻ˣǷ˺ЩծŶ˺ЩǮ
ءطGķŭʵ
ŶūŻͬţԭ飬ửʻʵڽӼòϵʱ򻹵֣˶٣ŵĸˣǻүҲùġ
طGʱһ˵֣û֨طG类׺һ㡣
ү֣طGɫòˡ
طGϵĲһȥ˸顣






48

48  ... 
 
 
Ķءһһʡ
ʡžˡһֵۣͷȥ˵žˣǵ𣿡
粻ĿȻ˳ӵĵ˵ͷ
꣬ЩӵĽһ
ŶطGһۣͷ
ߵطGߡ
ðɡطGͷ˵㹦ˡ
粻֪طGҪʲôֻ֨СĵĵŬŸѧ
Ҷ֪ˣʦŬˡطGЦЦͲٴ鷿ˣҷļ٣ȥĶȥɡ
Щţꣿ
ȥɡ̫ĹˡطGԴ
л꣡ܳطGܳӡ
طGıӰ˼

ҪȥĶں׷һ䡣
ȥҹùȥͷҲصĶһ䡣

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ꡪطGݺݵһۣͲܸͣ
ԭ˰ط鲻ĵͷû
죡طGŭһطһ㶡
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طGԶŻ淢㶣ȻָŻе㿴
طһҲһף⻭еˣһ룡˵̧ͷطG
طGҲͷûġ
Ѳ⻭ĲطֵѽҲûƵ˰
˵֡طGüܾͷ϶ʲô¶
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ҿûô򵥡طG˵Ҿ¶Сˣ

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ã˵ˣҵļ٣Ҿ͸Ͻ㡪ڻرߣЩûˡ
ЦЦû˵
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ѽôȫõˣ翴ڳĻҲһô
ˮ̫˰ɣ
ԣ㿴һƬݿˡϸĲ鿴ΧأһֻɱĳʬӶˣͷƺˮ¶
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ʲôζڱšͦأ
ȵȣᣬЩϤʱЩԾ

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ôˣѩӣһô˯ֹʲôأ
ǲʲôԺﰡץѩӣʡ
춼ѩӣüô
˵ûʲôǽҵĻ԰
ȣô᣿ѩӣЩϿ˯ɣ

ˣȲ衪˺Ԫһۣϲ衣
ŶˣˡԪһ۲ɫƴǵ
㲻ȣҿҪˣĺġ˵žͶ롣
ҪԪȥһˤеĸ롣ƬһʵĴ졣
񡪡ԪδĿ
ŵĶԪƺҲʶԼʧ̬ɿһǿЦ˵˲úȲ𣡡
㡪𾪵Ŀ֪ж𣿣
Ԫһ㶣֪Ѿزסˣȣǰ񣬡
Ԫ̧ͷ񣬳һ䣬ЩΣ
֪룬һ˵ã
񣬳ֻðӦһҪ󡪡ҧ´
ΡԪ̧ͷЩϣؿƿ
üͷԽԽȴֻԲ
񲢲ֻǳһԪ̾ȻĲϣôҲֻˡ
Ŷˣôôˡѩӣű
ŶҾˡ˵ţԪʰֻͷһۣˣ˼
ôǣѩӣЩԡ
ûʲô˵ڴ֮ǰٶıֻһƮĴţϲҲ⣬һϵɼ

ôˣǣطGűʣȴûʣʼֽ妿һī
Ŷһ£̧ͷطGǿЦûʲô
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ҪһְסϵĲ롣
ôطGҲһ
ûʲôεҡͷ̡
ŶطGָűڣֻȶѣ˼֡ͷЦǣʹںȰɡ

үˣ֣еĲˮֵͨġ
֪ˣطG۾
ҪҪ̧֣һơ
طGĵǸūţһٸҲɲ򣻰ӾŸҪ
ү֣ͷūȻģүһ𸴡

ѩӣ㣬ȥĶܽϢ𣿡ˣѩӣ
һ˵ͨˣüûˣܽҪչҲùЩӲܹ𣿡ѩӣ𼱣ٵȵȰɡ
ŶͷȴһЩԤС






49

49  ... 
 
 
硪
ѽҲ֪ôģͷ˷硪ѩӣȽ޾ɵģҪǴ̫ҽɡ
ˣűӣˣԭȵҩǼҩˡ
Ҳáѩӣѽˣȥһ

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ôС;ԺдһˣԼùֲ˼ġϳЦи𣿡
үķԸ˵ǸˣҶҴ⣬˵ЦʲôԺд˲˵ģǴβҪġ
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ĲԺ˭أѩӣھͺڡ
ô̫ҽԺҲβĴ򣿻ǵˣüëͷİɣ
ˣҲǸ˼ЦЦ

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طGҡͷȻҾЩԾ󰢸赶ɱ˳̫ӣԼĹǺϰ˾ڴֵز
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Щˣôϸ֦ĩûͷûԵҲ
ɲǣǽڹ۶أڴҶҪİ

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˵˼һҪȥһ˿ʹ𣿡
ûʲôɰϴЩͽͲˣȥү϶Ҫʵģ
ǡҧ´

öˣͷҲʹˣЦЦ
ǾͺðֵͷЦû˺Ԫһܺ𣿡
ˡסֵ֡ЩԾô
ҽϷ¥˼ҡһĺֽڳֵϿҵĿ֪ŵĹˡ

Ųա䡱վĵڵϲϵͲݸ㡪
Ͳ𣿡ǰһ˸ߵ«έ
ҡղ֪룬Ծ
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ҪôſϳˣҺײܳˣ仰ϸ˵𣿡
˵̾һҲǸϷӡ񣬻Ƕɣ˵꣬תҪߡ
ߣȥǰһԵӵ
֡ĸ첲ƵǿĲÿ
ˣˣŵ㾿ô
ڿˣ֣ЦΪҽʲôأ˵꣬סĸ첲Цҿ϶ˡ
︡һ㰲οҲڲصĽ벻Լ޷ѣֻһɲ˵ĵŨصԱԹȣԼߡ
˵Ƹ֣´ȴֻǣ뿪Լĸ첲
ţ̧ͷ˵΢ЦţָḧüԭҪÿʱûôƯ˵
㣬ҲǡԼǺͰ͵˵
𣿡۾һ£ƤЦǣ˵ÿ
㳤ˣҲˣ۾üëȣﶼÿˡĿ⣬ÿ
㣬Ϊʲôҡգգ۾ָ̧°͡
̧̻ͷһֵۣͷȥзƵģЦţԣ㻹ô˵
ҡҪˣ¡ƿͷҲصĶӡ

ô°طGһ˻·㶣Цô˯
ĸ磿ת˿طGЦЦ㲻һû˯
ʲôطG§ļЦԸԸҽһ
ԥһ£߬䣬ηſڵҪôϲһأ





50

50  ... 
 
 
ͷôЩطGܣһһϷıӣü˭ģ
ү֣СǰЩӸ˴ġ
дطGЩԽԽˣֶôܷָ֣ǽūŸˡ
үɲūǵ¶֣æί
ƨ㣬㲻֨ǸشطGͽҲôӣ˵ţһ֣
ǣūԺ󲻸ˣ֣ϽӦţӹ飬⡪
ϽطGһۣ˿ʲô

أ
Ŷүѩӣָָ棬ԺŪأ
ŶطGһۣδɣȥϣ˵ѩӣôģȻƼ̯һֽͿҵĲֻʲôϸʱȴǻֽüϸϸģģЦüطGһ˫˫۾ʲôһ㻬ѣĳȥ
磬ֵ࣬ˮżطGվǰ㶡ô
ŶûûʲôطGָ̫Ѩ̧ͷЦ㣬Ūһֵࡪ
ٺ٣ͷԼҲЦѩӣĸϲ裬ֶȥϴϴ֡
ȣطGͷ

磬԰ѲطGǰҼõ廨¶ġ
طG˲裬ͷ˿죬طGԥţǿڵ㣬˵ϲ˭ˡ
硪ʱ챳ôʵ
طGԺһǿЦѽССͣﶮʲôϲ
˭˵ҲЩˣת˵ģͷЩ㵽綼ˣҲСˣô
ðطGԾԼ԰㶼ˡ˵ţҪߡ
ףȥĶ׷һ𣿡طGԶˡ
ĪıӰԼһ䡣

ˣܰɡôģ
ôܣˡ˭֪ʲô˵¶Ūˡ
ǳĺˡ
ȣ֪֪治֪¡˭֪ô
úõֹʲôأüȵ
ǣǣ´ˡС̫໥ʹ˸ɫæɻȥˡףﰵĴԪԪ߶ţ̾һ

˵ԪѾǹˣϣϺȻʵ
ţֵͷ
أ
ʲô
ʲôʱ㡮ˡϵϽǷ֮أɱָһӣ
ٵȵȡֶŷ벻ĳţڻʱһŪɳ׾Ͳˡ
̾һ첻ǷѣһҲ˯
졪ЦЦİɣ

ʲôѽѩӣʲô
͵̶⡪ѩӣ˳һֻС̣ɣ˭˰ɣ
Ϲ˵ʲôóԵġһۣɸɵġ
οɲһεõ廨ģѩӣ˵һ飬ƣ
ףôôŪˣ˿ѩӣĸȻð⡣

ĳͲЩһԶˣѩӣš
ôᣡЦǺǵ˵֪һҪԵġ
𣿡ѩӣЦЦһҪ˼ҲĿأֻλԴһԣͱأ
ôô໰ˣ죬˯˯

ϷաطGԷʱһۣ˵
ôүϷˣһ䣬࿴һۡ
ֻطGһЦ

Ϸֵ÷ϳȴӵȣʵֱ󣬷ͲڣôϷÿ𣿡طG̽ʡ
ûУͦõġ˵ţȴβסʧ
طG֪Լӡ֤һ˵ʵȷϣȴǺݺݵĳһ¡

Ϊʲôͷһ䡣
㡪ûϵҵԼһ㶣ң첡ˡ
ƭˣһѣû
ſڣⲻĵط߰ɡ
ƫίĿſϣ㲻ܾǸߣңҾô𡪡˵ŵͷ۾
ҡˣͷһͳ˹ȥһ䣬ңҶԲס㡪
˭ϡƿ֣ȻȴΪЦҪٶģҲˣ
˵ţ֣῿ϣҴԶĳһˣֻ˵Բס𣿡
˺ܾãĸļ磬һ΢΢Ŀֻȴ־÷·𼤶Ƶģл㱾Լǵȵ̫ˡ
ĳĻӦĸȦסﶼԼĸоһü޵ΣգΣʹǲòסǰһеƺݼŵů֮еļ趼һЩһЩ

սţӲԺӣȴطGײšطGɷ˵ǯԵĶڡȥĶˣ
ңԭϵطG֧࣬ȥ߶ѡ
ߣطGѹɤķŭȻǲİθߣԽԽˣ֪֪ԼʲôݣôİԼطG˵ȥľһ㸡ǰֻһɰ಻סļֱţײ
 ƽͨĸ˵ûͷûԴʲ⣬ûʲôѽ
˵ûʲô㡪طGַԵĴ֧ԼһŮңȻȻ֪ϧԼ
ţĸȻ˵Ļί־̣ûʲôѽ
㡪طGҭǰһ£״һݺݵ̾ˣˣҰײˣתǽļѵ뿪
 ĸ硪ʵί嵽طGǰ˽ԳʱҵĲǣҽĸ絣ˣĸҪôҶԹȻţȴװ׵ģ˵ҵЩϧĻҲ
㡪طGʱˣûϵȻΪĶײã׵ģԼ˵ǸϷӶʲôһڣطGԼҲһ
ȻһȻ׽ŹֲþЩ죬ԭ类˶ˡûϵһֱĸȻʹֶΣ㣬Ȼңôԡ
ҾǲȥطG߳ŭҪٸȥ
ҾҪȥôˣҧ´ͨ죬㣬ƾʲôš
˵һ飿طGҧؿڵŭǱǧĶؿڣָġ
ңҲûϵԼȻô׾˵˿ڣطGƣҧҧǿ˵ϲ
㡪طG߸ߵ˰ơ
ֻžһ
סһ

Ȼȴûеʹֻáһ졣̧ۿʱطG߬ȭݺݵĿߵһֻƿϣƿѾסҵķ飬ƬļطGĻһӣѪ
硪־£ͳġ
طGݺݵĵһƣصĵڵϣò״ӵվطGˤųȥˡ






51

51 취 ... 
 
 
緹ʱ֣ΪŲټطGطG಻ϼ˶Ʋѩӣϣˣϸպÿճλãť»֪ԭίȴɫϱҪû䣬Ӵ⵹Ķɰť»һţʾúԡϵͷЦȻˣҲһ𣡡һЦ֮

֪үĲô¡󣬹ť»ϵ
Ŷүþ֡ť»ϵӦûд󰭡
𣿡һЦҵүõĲ
Ĳһ£֪ϵ⡣
үһСģô׸֣Ͽť»һۡ
СҲдʱ򰡡ť»ҲһЦ
ҲŶʮָϹ״ôҿүһϣ￩
Ͽһ䰵һģ֪˵Щʲô

㲻Ҫȥ㲻º˰ɣѩӣϷ̾ôأ
Ҿǳôô˵Ǹӣ˵ֲҪֵġ
ˣ㻹鷳𣿡ѩӣ㿴ֳôȥһӶɣ
ҪҵǸҲֲҵĴ
㻹벻ˣѩӣָָϱߣסķָָ鷿Ǳߣǵ¶˸ҲǷһҪǺúõĸ˵˵Ҳˣƫ󳳴ҪһֱôšţֻⱲҲˣ
ҡʼվί
ǡʲôǡѩӣ֮¶ҲһûУίίǡ
Ҳȥɷ˵ĶȻ
ôͲأѩӣţȰүˣпȥǸѩӣͣסˣ
֨ˡͣһᣬ˵ˡˣô
ôھôڰѩӣסӷϥֻҪϿڣͶûˡ
𡪡ԥ
ȥô֪ѩӣҵģ˵˾ûˡ

ҡվſڿ˿鷿Ǳߣֻͷѩӣҧҧ´
ʲôңѩӣҪȥ͸Ͽȥ

վ鷿ſԥţȻƼˮҪţգգ۾㣬ɡ
ԥһ£ˮݹȥСġƿţүˮ
һۣСĽӹ

ĸ硪ʪֽݹȥ
طĢͷһ㶣˵ųֽԼϴ
ĸ硪վǰֱۡ
ߡطGҧﲻġ
ĸ磬֮ǰҲԣԺ󣬡ݺģԺҲȥˡȥطG֡
طGҪƿȥĸ磡
طGȫûеֿˣֽ߬߬ˮɣڿϰַļͷԼ˵ġҿûб㡪
ָطG´ҧҧطGͷ˵ģ㲻ȥҾٲȥˡ
طGѹĸ̾˿

⼸ôť»ʵ
ҡͷԺŪ￴ˣûʲôˡ
ԤЩģȥ

ôôû񣬡ť»Цﲻ𣿡
ûУͦõġЦЦɩɩҡ
ť»Ͽһۣ⣬ѩӣãǰ˵ǸӲҸˣ
ѩӣȥˣť»ϷЦ°ɣ
ûУ˵ţȴЩ顣
ť»ֱЦҲˣ²Ұﲻæ
Լ֥ƤСͷɩɩҲġҡͷЦЦԼӦ
Ӧť»ô׾ͷˡҲС𣿡
ҡѾزסɩɩҪЦ
ť»΢Цҡͷ㵱һ鵱ѱ𣿡ŮӼһɼʱ̫࣬Ҳôѧίȫ

ѩӣá
ʲôѩӣݸһЦģǲʹպʹɡѩӣӹָȴµһӲӲĶ̧ͷһֻۣͷ
񡪡ѩӣѶԣҲһ۰
ǲ衪Щͷתͷȴϵŷ⡣
ģ̧ͷɵĿѩӣ
˲֪ˣ

ӣҪðҪ
㲻ðգֻǾ֮Ͷѣť»ЦЦ
ǽôүأʼղť»ϵ
үסˣҲסһ˵ģť»϶˲Цİɣ

һ㡪طG˲˸ֽǰһơ
ȡͷҿĿ⡣ȻȴɵĶť»ЦһЦ

˯ûС
үѩӣЩȣôˡ
ŶطG˵žͽ
ĸ磬æҪ´طGæֲá
ôʲôҪ¡
ûУֻ㣬طGߣЦҴȥ߰ɣЩίˣ˵ĸ֡Ǳһ£ʶҪ֣סί̧ͷطGһۣطG˵Ŀ⣬æͷȥ

αط󽫾ľȻҲϳЩ֡طK˸磬˵¶˼
ôҲһģҲ֡طTһڻʰǰˣٶװһҲԿ
˸磬طKЩԥĺȻ
ô
ûУ
طT˵ֻҡҡͷ̾˿

𣿡ѩӣڷ̲סʡ
ûУҡͷͲˣһʲôأ
ҪĿôͺˣѩӣԣҿĳδؿϾôȥ
ô̾
ûô죿
һȻͷ۾Ҳ֪֪
Ȼϰ㣬ȫİ취ϰﵽףϣˣ
ʲô취ĸضˡȦģͷŶҪ£ô
֮а취ɡѩӣ˳˼






52

52  ... 
 
 
ð?һ˷ô찡ЩẒ̇ɾִٲ
Ҫˣµġ뿪ſڣЦöûûҰ
ͷһס˳ӵָḧ·ֲڵȻ̧ͷһС
ʲô
˲֪ˣ˵չǸСʮɫԡ
ǡеһֻӡ
ЩȥãȻʲô챦ҲֵһЩǮֻҪˡ
ҲգȻܾѶУЩģôԡ
ѽʲôҵģѶģЦǺǵ˵ǮȥϰԺͲٳϷֿϣ˵֮ʣǮһһ㷿ӣú飬㿼˹һְٰҾȥʰꡪ
üɫȫˣǡ
ʱ˳ļ޸㡪̧ͷ۾ȫЦ⡣
ǣѾķôã״һһô졪
Ǿٿһһ˵һΣһΡ
ǣ૵Ҫˡ
ҵȡս֣Цĺ𣬡вʰ겻Ҽ˵ġһһֱȵ㹦͵ʱ˳Ȣң
˵ֱֻ۽ĽһЩٽһЩ

㣬ôŪһࡪطGƼˮЦ˵ţͳȥϵ㡣
á֣˼ϴϴͺá
ףطGȻ󣬡ûӣ
ŶŪ²СŪˡе㾽ԼԸĻ˳

ɡť»Ͻѩӣеӣͷȥϻȡôôˣ
ŶǸ񲻺ЩԱȱһЩѩӣæڡ
ť»ЦЦû˵ʲô
һױϣߺȲ裬ť»żҲ̫æˣ±˿𣿡
һ£֪ӦԣֻͷȲ衣
ⲻ̫Լˣť»Ϸ²룬֣
᲻̫ˡҧҧ촽ǲҪ̫鷳ɩɩɡ
ҼȻϴӦ㣬ť»һЦһˣ˵ʲô۲۵ģ˵ţһָֻƵǰǰȫһ㣬û˿ĳ
ɩɩӣ֪л㡪
Լˣôť»ϳŵĺŲ裬΢΢һЦ

㣬Ƥ׽ѩӣ֣᲻°
ʲô£ѩӣʰӣô˵ЩĪ
һ߰춼ûϢˡ˵ģ᲻ĸ
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ܾòԾͷ̾
ͱϹˣѩӣǸ׵ˣҿ飬ĵ¡ֻôĵı˿
ãҶġ۾ǿЦܿ˰ɣ

ǡţվİˣһ˴֪Ǻͷ
Ƕ𡪡ЦǺǵҾʵ
նǡ
λԴ̵ĺϰ塪Ǹ˵
ϰʲô𣿡ǱͻŪĪ
ǰӲȥǵӣ˵Ҫһʲôϰ˵Ҫ⡪
ôϢˣ۾һϲʵ
Ŷ˵ϰЦϸϸ˵𣿡
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ôһ˲ţȴסĵطϰһܣЩп
ˡҡͷЦи֮Ͳˡ
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⻰һ㶣ˣһȴǺϰһ˫۾½˸顣
Ŷ˵Ǹϰ忪ڵ
ѽңˣ˵ţ裬ǰ
ϰ忴һ۲ɫҡͷЦҲ߯Լˡ˵ǸƴӻͳһֻС޶ȳҴĺò衱
ôŻЩ졣
ϰȲޣ±˼ҵĺȲߣСЦȥѼҲֻԤˮУһԴġ
ְϰЦЦ
᲻ᡪ˵Ҳ룬Ȼ˱ǵ
˵˵Ǹ²ʵ
ǰϰͷǸ豭ڴСĺ񻷣԰ɣ
ԶԶԡæͷȴԼͷЩΡ
ôﲻ𣿡ϰ忴ĲԾʵ
û£ǾͷеΡ˵
ξͶˡϰһЦ죬ǰһڣȥ

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ôˡť»֧ˣʲôú˵
ңȥ
ť»ҡͷôôͻȻʲô𣿡
һʮ춼ûϢˣһǳˡ˵
ޱޡť»ᣬ롪

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š˵ŽԺӡ
硪ôȴûӦЩɻáûӦ
Щţ˲ô֣࣬ײţžͿڴ㲣硪˹ȥߣֱ㴥̵Ķͷ
ôţͷĿ˿֣ġô졪
Ӧֻһ˷磬֣Ŀ˿ȥҩץЩҩ
ȡ۵ĸĶͷôŪ
ŻۣпԼΣص̾һֱ۾
Ұ磬㿴ңҡҡ
οˣȴѵ̧ƿҡ
֪Ϊʲôȥ֡
߿ѵĶţƿˣȻҲᣬβŵӺ࣬㲻ҪŪ㡪
ûУ˵ᣬѲãҵ㡪
ûõġţǸˡҡ
˵Լ˵㲻Ǻúõ𡪡
䲻㡪ʹĳ֣̫¼ˡ
˵ˣָϵĿڣҲں
ߡҪ͸
ҪҲߡǿҡͷƾʲôߣ
ߣתñԼۡ
§űҲоļսҩҾߡ
߰î˾ƿ㲻ɣ
Ϊʲôʧ޵㲻ǴӦҺúõġ
ΪʲôЩЪ˹ƿ ܹˣҲٿ㡪
Ȼתۼ䣬ͷᣬȴȻƳһѪˣһ󾪻ţҪÿӣˣʹ𣿡
߿ٴƿƵ̫ˣصĿڵϡ
ôԡαֱľٶ׾ˣſǻ˳ȥ
񡪡֣Ļײ֪ʲôֻ÷ҩݲݶ׷˳ȥ

ҵĴ𣿡ϥĴѣΪʲôһ
ѩӣߣȴ֪ΰοҲ׾ʲôȻò

㣿ʲôֵ˵ǽǡ
˵ءǸһ˿΢Цţֱֲš
ѾԸԳˣѾң㻹ôֱߵһֻҹȥ
ӴһϴγԲءָ٬ĲŪ°ָͣͦõģ
ޣ̧־һƣȴ׽סϡ
Ǳҩ٬Ц׾ٵİ˫ַ۹ȥһϲӡ
ſңţͼİڲ
Ҳ롪鿪´ڱ˸ʵʵַߣҧţҵġָһ·ȥ
ѾãֻʹսţţȻûãûСԽԽ룬ЩοԻ󣬻֮ȴһѹֵů
̱һŻҵı䣬૵
ʲô˱ǣʣһ⿪´
ϢţãȻȻ޷ƵĲ
ЩͿ˵ʲôͻҷӦŪЩȣȻܿ챨ԸҵĶãţҵĳ鴤һ£ʹĻ˹ȥ

?ѵۣĻ߬ŴδڣϵʹȻϮ̧ۿϵһƬǽ壬Ȼûû´棬ʲôûУֻʹʱ̱ߣˮ͸գһݺݵʹ
ȻȴµӲȡȴһһֹʹҩ
쵰ݺݵİѶˤڵϣ쵰ҪȥݺݶţȻµʹȴ´ٲά衣
ڴʧʹޡ





53

53  ... 
 
 
ļ֣ӻһֻϻ˫ַϣյġֻüֻ̧ӣ̳֦ͬơ
֪ˣȥɣطGӰϵĴץʺһСԿףϻǴš
ʲôҪôط鲻ȥȴʡ
ūţԽԽ񻰣طGЦһưɣŵݸط飬ūԴ˸Ѿֹһθ߿ະˣõĳ͢٣ѵҪӼòɣ
ҿƽߵġطҡͷЦżҲ⡪
˵ˣëطGüп۵ģϻؾȻؾǡ˵ņһЩūţ
¶ˣƽЩʲôطвôûĺòõˡ
ûҲˣطGЦ񣬸ʮүϲ衪
ЦӦȥˡһһ貢ü

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ʲôطϸƣӨ͸ļֻ⻨ΣźҶ̿ɰ
˫ףطGЦطСĵһֻô
Ȼãطͷǵ塪
õӻǹ𻨣ֻȡ㣬˺ҶģطGͷЦһЩ
㻹йĥطһֻһֻʲôʱҲŪˣ
ҵĹ򣬡طGЦСϴȥݴĳӣ߻ŪЩ
طִҼǵ㲻𰡡ΪСѾͷɣ
ô֪ҾͲطGЦʲôɵҲϣ
ɣΪζˡطŲ̲סЦҲˡַ²裬Ͳ˼Ҳ飿
ȥġطGһۣˣ㶢Ǹʲô
Ŷط鲦ŲĸĭЩƵ˵ͦõġ
˰ɣطGһǵѵı£ͱˣôˣ
ңط²裬㣬͸ֱ˵ˣ
طG
Ҳǹġطɦɦ䣬׵̫࣬Ҵǳȥ˺Ȼ˸ˡ
ٷϻôطGЩԡ
㣬һ𼱻ǻȥСӡطһȵ˵ƼѾˡ˸̣ˡ
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ȱ۶طGŭúһӣ
طҲˣ䡱վ ΪܺôԼʲô˰ɣһСѾͷƬ㣡
ұ죡
ãطݺݵˤ²룬ҪԺȰһҾͲˣҲڽҰ˵¶
㡪طGҭطˤųȥıӰ˵

ôһѩӣȰǶּõʲô¶أ
һڴߣҡͷ㲻Ȱˡ
ã㲻ԣҲԣѩӣ꣬˭ȶ
ᣬֻܳ
ˣҸĲ𣬡ѩӣһʵүա
ȥס㣬ˣ
ѷˣѩӣȻҾͰֵ¶ȫүô졪
㲻Ҫҡˡ
ұ㣿ѩӣɴ۾ǰ·ϱƺǡ
ã֪롣
֪֪ԼʲôˡԼҪˣѩӣҧҧ˵ݻҲǱƲѡ
ʧţ˷롣

ôˣʵǹѩӣһ䡣
ǿ˷ˣѩӣһ丣ʲô¶𣿡
㻹ǲ֪ĺãҡͷڲء
ðɣѩӣĵͷ
⼸̵ȥúúɣһֻʳеݹȥЩٿô
үǱءѩӣʳл̲סһ䡣
Ǳ߸кأǿԷģͷȥɣѸһ̫ˣиźЩ

ѩӣ𣿡
˭ѽѩӣİſʱվŸݸߵˡ
ǡѩӣ죬ȴ벻Ķ
ǳǱߵģܣҾĵġ
Ŷϸʦɣѩӣͷ˵е
ȣ˺ЦЦүͣ˵Ժõ廨ĺãЩĵģʸԸ⡪
ѩӣһۣףֻͷѩӣֻñǡҪæ֪һͺã
Ƕлˡ

ѩӣҿһֻСѣֻµĸš
ʲô±ʣȴѩӣ
Ǹ軨ʦѩӣЦ˼רֻ˵˸ĶҪһ㣬ý֪ụ̂ı
Ρѩӣһֻ
áͷҲԭǼķζ
šѩӣҧһСڣõ廨ŨŨĹͳȴûе壬ľ㡣
Ҳ絳˰ɡ̧ͷ㲻ݳô
ǰھ˲ףѩӣ΢΢̾ϧڴǷǵأҲܹ

ôƼԺתƣÿ껨ǰһ
үҪͣʲô취ѩӣǰһƣٳһɣ
Բ£ҡͷѾǿˡֳ濴һۣҵĻĿûȡĿ죬粻ȫвͰ
İɣѩӣʰҿתƵȻãȡȴ࣬˼Ҳ̣ˣܲڰĻݲݶʳһˮȫȥѩӣһתƵģõ廨ˣҾΪʲôݱ£ɽ裬ľܽҲõأ̧ͷһֿۣԼ԰ӣ˳˼

ҵءطGطļ磬ЦҵĲв
ȥģطƿӲûôСأ
Ҿ˵طG˭أ
ɲǸ㿴ģطһۣҰŵǸ˶벻ҪѰأ
طGһ⡪㡪
ҷѾ࣬ȰסˣطƲƲ죬ѱû´Σҿɲұ֤ÿζסҪֽŻҧԾ!
˵ʲôأطGһѣ֮лٵģл㡪
𡪡ط֣ҿܲ𡪡ҲǵģСӼżȻ˼ô󶯸ɸ꣬ǸҲܰɣ
㡪طGҡͷһܳһٷͲˡ
ˣطЦ̾㲻ö˼ܵס˹ܲסġǿൽԼ
ô죿طGЦǺֲɣȥЦˣõĻŮһϷá
װˡطţЦһ֪㣡Ϊ룬ǵԼԴװɣ
ô죿طGһҪͶͱģ
ڵļطһЦСӼҼҵģʲô˾ˡôŵǿ֮֮ʤ֮֮
طGص̾Ϣͺˣ





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54 ʹ ... 
 
 
طGߣֱȥˡ
ãȻĿһֱۣԼϥǣǽһ
طGӣһۡ£طG밲οȴֻ֣Ե֮ǰǸĲԣö˵صĻطGЩǿ˵磬ȥɡ
Ŀһۣҡҡͷ˵˲ȥġҲȥ
ǸĴطGͰ͵ӣһᣬȥɣ粻ˣȥȥɡ
̧ͷСȥô𣿡
ȡطGӦ̾ĵͷ

үɫأʰűť»ϵ㵹ȥƣ
ңť»ժͷϵЩɬЦүֻȥҲⲻ
Ǻοգҡͷ̾үһΪԼܿ࣬ҲǸѹ˵̾
ԭˣϲŭ־ͲԼˣť»ĵĵ˼ҿأδؿĵ˼Ҳģһѹ
ӡļ磬Һ˵ˡ
Сť»ϻҡҡͷЦЦԼҪģҲԹñˡ
˯𡪡Ǻ
ȥţť»ʾ
ô˯ôť»ĦЦʵ
չ٣ҪĸףùѧֵˡЦЦĸտɺã
áť»ϵͷЦһתôùҲЩ𣿡
ǰ˵ʦ˵ùõѧǺЩ綼ǿرҺܶùء
ǹùýĶ𣿡ť»ϸԺıʡ
šЦǺǵĵͷָСʵҺùùýıأ
ť»źӣһĪĳء

ʲôطչӴⲻ˭ôϵ
𣿡طG±ϸ
񡪡طһЦǡ
ʲô
طҡҡͷЦصЩá
𣿡طGӿᣬǷԼһͷ̾Ѿˣȴܵһǡ
οΪԼطǷˡ
ʮ˵طG̾⻭ǻˣҪôƷǶ鲻ɡ
ôطѾˣҪ˽ǲ𣿡
վԼ˺ǡ
طû֪طGָǸˡ

ôô棿ˮڲ軨ҶϳС档
ԭûô𣿡ѩӣʡ
ǰûôడ죬һߵãʲôˣǸŪģ
ҪЩǳ𣿡
ͷһȴɣ΢΢ȣ֪ô졪
ŶǰվͿҪ棬ЩףֻҪͿҶϾͺˡ˵ŵݹһֻС롣
Ĺ𣿡ŽɣҵĻ
ܲãԾ֪ˡͿҶ棬ȻһӾͷ׷׵
ôᶮЩѩӣЩ
Ϊֻδ򽻵𡪡һЦҵĲٵĶָŸһƬ԰أôԲΣ
֣ǿúЦҶأ˵ָ
ɦɦ°ֻͣҪЩЩˮͺˡ
áЦǺǵģˣԺҵĻͶ

⼸쿴ɫöˣť»԰ɢǡҲڳر߶㡣
𣿡ԼЦɩɩóԵġ
²ҵĹͰɡť»ϿһЦ
⣬ʱ
ôЩˣť»ʵ
ȡ֪ͷŪ´ϵա
Ǿͺðť»ЦЦȴһǡ
ǲϸ˵̧ͷֵͷ૵˵Լ̫࣬˵ϲ˵Щʣĸˡ
ȰȰɣŻǴ򲻿Ǹᡪť»̾㳣ȥ֪ͺˡ
ţȻ̧ͷʲô벻أ
ť»֪ʧԣǲԼϷӰɡ
ƶǶĵͷ
֮ȰȰͺˡť»ϻ˵ţ·Ҳ˵Լ

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ŶˣͷͷҲ̧ĵ¶
Ķˣ
ҿɲ֪Ҹֲ죬˼Ҳ˵Һοӣ

ľôסطЩȣ㲻±˵ϷӰ
ˣҲˡطG˵ֻ취ܲͷܰ
ѽ㡪طεЦЦ治֪˵ʲôãǰЩӷƵģͲң
طGЦ
һԶƤٯٯģط§ļЦͲʹ
ʹҲûа취طGһҲúЦĵ֮̾ôʹʹա
ðطпƾ仰ζﶨˣ
طGȻһְҶ뿪ˣҪǸҰԧҾ͸û꣡
㣡˵ʲôҡط鴷һѣ˵ⱲӾ͸ˣϹ룡

磬þû㳪ˣٸҳɡ
ʲôʡ
ġʰƲҪ㲹ҡЦ
ʰãҳɡ˵ţʰߵһ֦
Ŷѽôѩѽż磬ŵģı龰
ǺǵЦ
Ϊʲôϸҳʰأˣ֡
ҡЩһϷġ
һ£ǺǵЦЦЦžͺ

ôˣǡ֣鷿ȥŸƺ
ŶүҪģ֣ͷҪߡ
ôүҪʲôֹһ䣬æʵүûʲôɣ
㣬ôûʲôأ֣ҡͷָָϱߣ֪ס̾ԴһԺүˡ
ôˣ񾪵ôȥҪڳȥ߸
ϣͱˣ֣סҲȥǣֆҲֻ˷ܽЩա





55

55 ϣ ... 
 
 
Ҫȥʲôѩӣһӣֻ֣ôҲҪԶ֡
Ǹ˵ģҪأεЦЦ˵ˣҸӱء
ǰ첻ȫ𣿡
㣬ģҪټһЦ˵º

żڣԽţҿӣȴƼµһɫֽʲôһ
ĵʢδó
ᲽΪء
üֳһţ
ˮ
˳֮سԼ
ʢ¿֮ڡ
Ϣֻˡ
ҲҲлڼǬԼλΣҲ

ԭǩӣӦǳϹġ
ʮţڣӿʮ굽ڣÿһΣнˡ޲ֵģôôǩĥţȻŲæһֽԭźã˱졣
ף㡪Ƽһ
ŶңӣЩǣġ
Ŷ㡪˿죬࣬ҵıӡ
ôǲǲʡ˵
ûУͦõġҧסͷлġ

ţæҿ죬ʮǩǶڣλҲû䣬û񿴵˿

ѩӣ޲ԽѣȻϵǰ㿴صĽҿʳС
ˣһΪʲôأѩӣһۣʲôϡģҪȥʰѡ
ѽÿһֻٵѩӣߣôҵأ
ļٵģѩӣĿһۣѧⱾ£һͱӲ˽ȥ
ȳ˵һֻӶ죬ֵΣ
áѩӣ죬ĵͷһѰ졣
Ҿ˵Цһֵͦģ
ҿʦ̵ĺáѩӣ׽һ磬Ƶӣֲ˼ɽŰɣ
У죬˼ҿˬأƵģʲôҪĥ졪
ˡѩӣš˭ԵİɣԿأ
㣡

ǩԵĴͦĵ
һ£æͷǰǰ
ôᣬһˣ϶ԵûϴƵģҲСˣ
æڰ֣Ϊġ
Ϊʲô
ûʲô߬ǩĿ߼ȥ˽ǩˣͲ鷳ˡ

ǩô⡪ֽƬݹȥ
ͷ˿Ϊ˭ġ
ʲôһ𣿡һûش
ŶûʲôܶǩͷЦЦͷŷɫֽƬ
ǧӪı컯ͨ˷ꡣ
޼ơʧѰա
ЦϲǼǩƵòƣѰ˵ˡ
ѰˣȻһͷ޹ʣпѰˡ лˡ鿪ɰݸһǮ

ȥƣͦǸǩĲûҹť»ϵҪҪȥүأ
𼱣ʲô͵˵ҲûУô˷֣ť»תЩǩ㻹ǵö٣
ӣʮأҡͷҾٻҲǲôѽ
ť»Ͻɽֽ⿪ֽ⿪һ˸⡣

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꣬ôµģȥģطGһֿۣ˿š
ô˵ҲǹάˡطҲֿһš֪黹ǲ鰡
Ҳһ𣿡طG˳ֽֽŷһ𶪽¯ϵĻңÿô
ң˵ʮءطЦ¶鲻ģһǾඣҪˣҲû֤ȥ
ϴβ˵ڳʶЬ൱飿֪ˡ
ʲô
¡طGҲ̲סЦ㲻ں˵
úúáطεЦҪǰʲô̯ôûĵĸ硪
ȵȡطGҪߣҪ˵ţһֽдһֵݸ
ˣҼǵİֶط֣һ٣
ҵġطGЩ˼ָָԺӣҲɡ
ѽ㡪طһΡ

ȥť»ϼѹʵ
ţĸҺءͷЦ
Ҳˣֵ̫ˡť»Ц

ǳˣť»Ͻ񣬡ȥɣСĵ㣬©˷Ӧˡע⣬ƿķšСĽҿӣһûģЩǩĻڡغУų
ӡݹȥť»ֻԿ˿ī
ȡīť»ѸٵĽǩȫ
ڳȥĺͬȥźͬͷһЬЬһ̣ť»˵ţһСɰ͸ղŵĵõֽһһ𽻸˵ʲô㶼ҪϸţҾˡ
ţ֪ˡϸĴö
·Сġť»ֲһ䡣ͷȥˡ

ť»˵ĵַȻƼǸЬ·Ьء
ȥϵܷһ˵
ͷ̧ͷһۣϵİŵһû˵Լģͷȴʰ˶ĺһ߰ɡ
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ô˼ͷĿһۣһ䡣
㿴Щǩ
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˶ЩԾ̧ͷʱûӵ
ʮү
طҲһô㡪
֪˵ʲôأط鵹عȿ˿ڣôҲ˵Цȥͷתתš
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ʲôǸЬˣӶˣˣϹʲôط鶼һŪһ㶡˵ָ񣬡Ǹ˵˵ǩ˰ɡ
æ˵Զԣʲôʲôءܿ
ȻЬüҪѰŶ˵ȥУͷиͷɣ
һףæͷأ
ֲ֪
һ£룬ǵĴһ졣
îʱ̣Һüǵá
ĸ˫ɢ£꣬ͷɦɦ䣬˵ô䡣ﰵԾ̾һط飬طȴĴƣ״
ôǩҪҡ
¡˵ͷһط飬ҲҪĳ˵ðɣ
ɰط龪ˣͷһۣͷһʲôû˵š
˵ˣҪͷĺһʶɣ
û˴Ӧͷһ󣬵̴ǽҲʶء

ôطGط飬ЦǺǵʣټΰ
ֱӸ˵СѾͷİɣʡٹĨǵģطһۡ
ðɣôô
㣬޸ҿططGһ
˵ɣҶס
ͷ˵ˣ˵İֲã׶ಡƽ֡ط˵ţطGɫһ䣬ιваˣһǱ˵ˡ
˵طG߬ӵİ֡
˼˵ط˶٣ȥ20ꡪ
ĸ硪طһѷסطGŵס𡪡ҽɣ
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ȿڲɡط˼ڣ˳˳׻һЩ߱ˣǧ֪
ˣ֪ˣطһ㶼ˣġǡ˵곤̾һ

񡪡ʱط¹æкһ
ʮүЩԾʮүʲôԸ
¶˵ûУ
ҡͷһûü
ʵ£ô˵ô˵طģ͵ʲôҲûУ֪𣿡
ЩͿƾֱͬطͷʮүģҾ͵ûʮүҲûʮүʵĻ
ͺáطͷժºɰŷᣬУúչү
ʮү׷ȥطУǮҲգģһؿƿġ˵Ϳ첽߿ˡ

ҹطڴշתЬͷеһϵаʾγһӡ󣬵Ϊֹûʲô֤Ĳ²⣬һԽԽǿҵֱѾ޷ڰĿĸ翴ƽԺ﷢һС
Ҫ¶ġУʶ૵






56

56 £ ... 
 
 
𡪡ˣһﵽſű߳Ц
ɻͷЦðȥ׽𻨣
һС𻨽𣿡
Ǹ̫ˣƷ񲻸ߣģվǰϸϸȡ֦һҡӢ׷ף׽
һ㶣æţǰµġ
µģմˮ¶ˮģʰָЩƮƮµѸɿݵģЩãִһֻģֻмЩǺõģҪ׼ӵȣ˵꿴𣿡
ͷȻ򣬡ֲýС׽𻨰Уû⣬ҡɡ
ŵҡţǰĽӣѾ˺һˣﻹֻǳǳС
첲ˡһԵʯϣЪһŪв
áɺƵĵͷ
ôأ°ʡ
ˮϴȥ࣬ȻĻ
⣬ⰾģôҲ
ţ֪
ŽɣðɣǾԿ

ĸ硪һ·һ·̲ס£㿴һ˵ŰһµıСѸطGǰһأ϶²ʲô
𣿡طG˷ܵСһǿЦҵҪ
㿴ҿСѣһСӨ͸ɫ꣬Ƣ
ǡطGȷʵû
иءÿӼһһ೤˿ߣԽԽԽԽϸƮƮҷҷɵķſӽһ˿߲ڿӼϣ̧ͷطG۾ĪĿһЦСƺһƣӼˮ¡
̼䣬״ĸ֬ɢԭ峺ľƽ΢΢ĵơ
ѵطG
⡪طGԥһ£ǳǳһڣʱĿɿڴʴҷ꣬𥣬üĿ֮䣬ȻԵã֮࣬ϰϰˮ׿Ȼһ
ΣطGı鿴һЦ
ȻƷطGͷ޲ѣʲôϡ
ù𻨰ġЦھƷζֲöɣ
ðطGЦԽԽˣ
ңǸʦҵģߵ֣һѧ˺öĺöԺ㣡
طGȻһܳĸоЦôȻôˣ
ɵԴ˵£ǰǰңҺãҶš
طGս֣һ˿ۡ

ȻûаеζгֱϸеһǱΣաü죬ڴϷȥĵ緢һУط̫СˣԼ񾭹ЬİʾҲһԼԼĲ²⣬²ս˷ܣһΣյУʲô˵ֻоԼҧܣһǳ

峿ȡť»ϵϴˮңңҪšť»ױť»ϵϴǸӵһӣ˵ȥۿˣȴȻʲôƵģһ£ͷҴߴߡ
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·Եһ˼·һ˳֤£һǸǩһ֪ϸڣǿǸͷöԸ룬Ҫ֪ϸڣֻҪͷͺˡ

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ط鱾Ҫ˲裬ôʣһ˵ã˼ܲס˵ˣ̧ͷطGһ֪࣬زסڨЦҲʲô¡񣬶˵ˣ
Ҫǲ˵㻹׼װõĺͿطG֪̾һ£Ҳ㵣𡪡
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ң˵ɣطGҡͷҸող˵ģû͵ͷ
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ǱȲ˼ԭ÷ǡطGҡͷ̾Ϣֲ֮ǰô
Уطĸ˵ȥˡдѵĿҪ̵һطĬĬİЩƲ˼·ϸϸһ飬ԾôĵſڣԼ˵ҲǿʮꡪģӦò٣ǡȴǿʮϰȡģڴ֮ǰκһնСūΪҹ͵͵ȥ飬šؾڣϰ˴˸ϡ
ԭǸūšطGС߶ţطĳԼֱĲ뽥ӡһ
ʵĻں߶طüʮ꣬Ҷȫİǣչټ̶û˸Ϊūȫʮ߿ˣȴڰĸҶ䳤ҶºҶķѲ˺˫˫Ҷ
֪ˣ֪ˡطGЩ꣬˵ҷЩɰʲôԼȥ񸮺鿴ĸף
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ϻĶĶҲûϵطGѾһ顣
ûϵ仰˵棬û֪նڿʮǰ£Ҳû֪ҶʮԺ䡪
ȵȡطG̫ѨЩҪŪط߼˼ǣпǡطGԼĴһҶ
ҲգҲգҵĺƲ⡪Ļں桪طָͨҵ֮ǰͬ߿⵱ĹŮ˵ҶķѲʱȴֻһӤŵҲˡֹʱǬܾһµŮӤط鿴طGֹͣ˺ʱǣʮһ¶ʮδʱ̡
طGֻǳһڵĿԼжˡ
㲻Щֱ̫𡪡طصһһ
˵ˣطGԼԴҾһһ
ط鱾˵ʲôطGεָͲŵĽҧסҪڵһ仰طG𺳣ֱʵ߬񾭵ĳظоѾĥöˣڣֵطGˡ
һﾲֻüӵ߶
ЩǲǰɡطGɫ԰ײҵ̧ͷ˵ûʲôʵ֤ʱġ
ط鵣ǵĿԥĺһѵҡҡͷȷе˵ǡпطGطGĿţ·˵ȥ
ãطһ˵ӹĻ˵ֻǵãС̫౧ߵʱһɫ̥ǡ
ĸ磡طȥһסطG³壬ĸô
طGѾĽк𽥺ȥʶֳһԽԽӡڲЬʱĿģһ鵭ɫ̥ӡ

ĸ硪طGӻ˼ʱǴյĻƻʱ֡ۿǵݣȻʶһοƻĵѵƲⲢֻԼһجζѡ
үôť»Խˮ͵ߣطGǳǳ󴽣Ƕȥط飬¡
ĸ硪Щ⡣ť»ִ˳ȥ˳ֺš
طȷҲûˣ߹ԡ
طG˿֪ҲΡ
طû˵ס֡
һطG̾һ̧ͷһּǱ飬˵ˣ






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طߺطGֶԻһط˵һеϸڣûطƲ⣬һпȥ˳ˮ۰ĺɣʮǰ׮ԽԽԵṩһԺĿԡֻӲ뵽׮¼ջҲǣ
طGǲزסģԼطֻ˼ʱͲôྪ˵ʵôҲֻһͰһҪЮ˷˵ʱ
ô죿
ĳȥ϶һȷѪ꣬ж˻ܵǣֱ󣬹ͷûС¡
ֻаԶԽԽãû֪
жѾ֪Ҫ취Զ졣һǶڻκΣգ쳤վðߣھǣһ֪ȫ࣬һεըһΣٹ˼ĸˣΪİȫŵˡ

ж֪ϸڣ
طٵһ£Щ̫๬Ůɢɢ˭徻ԾԲᡪ
̫ҽأض̫ҽ֡
طȻЦѾˡǰԽ˰ġ
˵طGȻԪ
ǰطʼ磬Ҳò˼飻ǣ̫ҽԺĴ浵ôдģûš
ֲáطG˼źԪ걸ͷûʲôܽһеˡ
ϰ֪𣿡طĬһȻʡ
ʲôҪطGһЦƴҲҪסܵģؼҪ֪ҧסܡ
ð죬Ѿˣһһİȥ岻ɾطӦ
طG̾һֻҪɱˣ
İɣһᴦ׵ġطȵһЦ

ʰȥĶԺӺȻæµˡ
ѩӣ˵Ͻһ԰͸үҪȥסЩء
Ҫȥð
סɣѩӣʲôʱӳ԰عʲôʱ
Ҳȥ𣿡Ȼ
һɣѩӣҡͷϾǼҵˡ
ʱһĬĸȥ
ҪʲôطGȻ鷿
үҪô㿴ѩӣЩΪѵĿطGطGüͷȻƳ񲿸յӣɹŸүڰº԰ſţȻ⣬Ǿʹ֣һҡ
˵ĸҡطGֵѩӣ

ȥĶططGĴҴҡ
ȥ񲿣ȥЩɹ˵ĵϸ
ôˣطЦ㲻Ϊˣ
ǡطGһۣΪźΪ˵̧Ҫߡں֣ĵүһУ赶ɱˡ˵꣬˳ָָסطһ㶡طGһѣӿ˲ӣ˵ôأ࣬н
ޡطȻķָĸ磬Ȼ

ȻǺð쿪ֱѩӣ̺õĴϰ˸ֲ֣ûʰ޲һ굽ͷ
ȥȥȥѩӣûʰءתתȥ
춼ҪˣȥĶ԰Ӵأϸ١˵˷ܣո³ʱԼ԰öĻǣã˵컹кЩɹҪء¿

ĸأ֣鷿ſڣЩ棬ô㵹վˣ
Ǹճ֣ͷһۣүɹү˵أʲôҪѽǹһɡ
ôûҪġˣĸͲأ˵ţƿѩӣͽȥˡ

ν˵һ·Ͻ꣬ˡطGŸ룬̸Ц
ðɣͼЦЦǶԶӭĸǰɡ
ԼˣǻǱˣطǺǵЦɱ򣬺úϴӷ簡
ĸ磡ֱطG߹ȥ
ôˣطG֪ʣΣĳƼĳ֣Ǿøá
ףͲ𣿡ǵġ˵תѩӣŵʳ˳һ̵ġ
ûأطGЦп˻񣿣
ǡۿ˿طGֱߵɹүطGЦǿƶߵү˰ͼָǵãع񡪡
عүתͼ
δ̧ͷֻͼ૵ɡɡ ڧ ߧڧݧݧ էާ ڧ ѧާѧԣ
Щ˼֪ڳȴûطGطͬʱһ帴ӵ΢Ц

ĸҲǵģô˲ãҪȥͲ㡪һһ汧ԹǸʲôʡ
˵˼һƯšѩӣԱŴЦ׵İɣ
ޡץץѩӣֱģٺ˵
ô֪ŵģѩӣ㿪Ц
ʲôѽ˵ĴӱһءҲŶѽҪȥҲȥ
ҲһǸѩӣ°ͣ˵ɹŮһ;ƴķ֣үڵô˰ɡ˵ţֱȻŴĴС
Цֹ
ЦʲôЦѩӣҿ˵أԭ԰ΧԵʱҲλɹĶ׮Ƶģִ׳ġ
Ҳÿ˭ڴߣԴ龰ҿǸүȻҲԲģŨüۣͦ۵ģٰǰЩʲôҪĶࡪ
Ӵ㲻ǿ˼˰ɣѩӣüëһ棬Ƶôϸ
ȥģӣҲûҿҪ˯أ

ͼոôȷܶСѾͷȤط鱳ֺطG԰ⲽ
ûƼ𣿡طGЦҡҡͷҪүӣ治֪Ҫʧ̬أ
ֻһ棬ϷҲɰ
ǻеʱ䣬лϷȫˡطGתЦȺԽʰҪдǣ԰ɹŵϰߣɱ򣬻ϼȻ԰Ͳ²ȥ硣ʱ򣬾Ϳϲϸˡ

ʰ꼪顪еİһ̧ͷͷָλãľǸͼһڡڶ࣬ʵעƺԼϡ
Χԣڰ࣬ʵˣǴôЩ꣬Ȼ̫ƽˣ书ܷϣΧԣڽʿУ޵ЩǸ쳣޴۶˰ߣAɻزصүӣͬ㣬һңޣοǡԵĸп
˽Էɽꡣ
ոˣúúõأؾ񣬴⣬飡ٱһ
֮ͣٱͬ֡
һʱƹѮҶɳ˲٣ɻصĹ׷ϯΧҲҲȾƣࡣߵһλؽҲ˻ͷ
ʶǱǸ𣿡
˳۹⿴ȥˣǸ
˲أ忤˵һ羴Χԣ˵̴ӣһӾܵ۾һͷأ
ʲô˲ģΪȻҸ統껹Ϲ˻ʰأ
ûƵģ˵Ƕ˵ǿƶ߲ԭӢۣ书ֺּʶ㣬˵ǿȻң˳ҲķȻˡ
ЦС㲻ϲ˰ɣ
˵Ҫˣ˼Ҳԭӥôῴ΢ȸأ
ͼһž̳ӣüλɹŹȻˡ
ӰӰ´µĻӳɫĳۣӰԵøĸߴ
ô䣬˵ɡ
ãЦЦ룬ʵͦӵһˡ΢Ļ⣬һжȻеĽǲԭ˵޾ɷɡ
ǲǲԭϵ˶ôˬѽźüɹŵĹҲŴȾƣʿ֪ɽµҲС
ǰ˵͵Ĳݵӣһ۶ߣȺţ̺ͻһ￪ˣٴĲĶ㻯ˡȻת쵽ʲôִٵĺܣ˿˾ϴĲʹ죡
۵ĿԵĵҪ죬Ҳȥǲԭͺˡ
ð֣磬һܵܣûԸ޸һ
ҪѽƫҪ޸Ǹԭӥ






58

58  ... 
 
 
ม־һ
֣ôһǡ
ûʲôûʲôָؿڣ˿ˮ˯ɡ
ֳ𣿡
̾ϢʮүЩո˲ʮǰҽҩ
ǻˣϴ󾪣ЩǹԱ㲻ϣ¿ɺˣһ潹Ƶô죬ô졪
ǵġüӻֻ֣䵱ҽҩ
ǲһġ
ȻһĴ浵ֻкԪ֡ԣ⣬ڴŻڻɵҡ
ô㱳һӺڹ𣿣
Ҳˡҡͷǰڻ;ͱ˰ˡ
㡪
ңֶϵжϺΣҲ£үµ֡
ǵȫȨвֻҪһҽֻ»ȫǰ
֪̫ƽ¾˵ɲңֻĵͷϵְοһвΪ˶ౣס첻ô飬úûñ

أƼӺţžʡ
˯ˡѩӣ
һϰڵӣü֣ô˯ô硪
С磬ģֲȥЩ˯ôأ
ʱԼҪҲȥɡ
ӻ˰ɣѩӣţⲻѩϼ˪
Ҳȥˡ롣
飬ѩӣ֣ԽԽˣ㲻ȥɡһ渽ߵҲû˯š
תת飬л˵ƿķš
磿Ŵĺ֪û˯أ
ѽϲĵ˯Ҳ㺰ˡ
һûңҲһ˯ˣǵġˣ
㵹˵һյ԰Цŷ
ⲻ𡪡ӣȻ̾ҪҲȥԭͺˣ
ԭΪʲô
ҽ˺öɹˡǲԭĮģԵĸпţǻĿ
ˮݾӣҲģļͷ˵ҿڲҲͦģ
һҲ죬Ҫؾصסֽţ˵˷㲻֪ɹŵĹôȾƣ˵ź£ֱȻţҰϻŶ̵ǣ
𣿡Цʲôϡ¶ˣ
аŲһ£ԼĸЩ˵ɹŵĹǿ˭ͰԼ͸ҪأͿԳˡ˵꿴
Ҳˣգգۡ
Ȣ𣿡§ĲӡӵĸѹԼͷΡ

Ҳ̫˰ɣ˾һֻ򰡣̧ͷطGطGֻЦ
Ӻͼͼָؿ񣬡ع񡪡طGͷ룬ײһˡ
ĸ磡طЦǺǵ£һˡ
ôȻǰֻһѵɲϰߣõЩѪˮ⡣
λү˵ҪǵķʽдͼƽĿһֻۣҪίˡ
ȻǵȻ㣬طˬʵĴЦһ룬ȸɣ
ŴĸŵӰԷôһֻ򣬸ְ֪
Ȼǰһ˫ǰỺŵһƬ˳Ļ䣻ţһƬ¶ʱ⣬м˵ʾδü̧ͷƼɫϹҵ䵶ʱЩ֪룬ͼֻƵЦЦתǱߺطȾȥˡеȴҲмƽ⡣

ҪǵѾ͸ͼ˶һֻ͵ǰȻĵĿȴûôͻȻôһ֡
⡪ЩΪѵĿ˿طGȣȻطGͰĵͰ͵
ͼ֣ӲУѽ治ʹ졪
죬ãȾͺȣűӲȥ
Ŷͼ櫿ĵ֣ʱһŻ˳źθ
Ҳһ룬ƽɡͼһ֣һֳһֻһ͸ˡ
㲻ǴûôȹɣͼƼɫЩԾˡ
˭˵ģǰͼѾһΪֻһһһϵģȴһ֣θ˻һҪ˵ñԼûôͷѾʼֱˡ
ι㡪

ǣĶųſصƤΧһƬģɫͿ
ͼ櫵
ҡ˿Χˣ㡪
ȻǴͦװġͼЦе˵Ǹ⣬֪𣿡ȻŵҼܺȾƵĸˡȻȵʡ£˵Ц
ȵŴ죬ǵʲôֱԴﻹһ߼ʹ
죬˺ܶ𣿡
ǰ롪ͼʼ磬Цҿˣ
ôᣬҡͷԻѡ
ȵֱֱĵȥҸ籧أͼЩƵ˵
ɴ۾У죡
Ҹأ»˿طGǡ
԰ȥ˰ͼգգ۾Ծչˣˣȥ
ͼ櫡ȻһɹŻʵңԽȥ𣿡
ɣͼ櫹ȥÿӡ
Щ𣿡ʺЦʣȴֻͼ櫡
ͼ櫵Ƥĸ첲ߵҶˣ
㣿ȻûϵԾһ£ʶתҪߡ
ѽôȻôˣͼĸ첲ˣҪӵȥأ
񣿡ͼԣҸˣ
ͼȻЩΣֻЦһЦֵͷȥ
죬лˡȿ˿ڣʵ˵ʲôʱһȥѽֻǿŰʺӣЩ˼ֱӿڡ
ˣûûʲô
ȻʲôҪƵģͼԼԣʵд¹𣿡
ͼһ㶣ŹЦˣû
ûûСͼ櫱Ц˵Ҽŵˣ˵Ц
ʲֹ֪ЩʲôֻЦסҲźٺٵЦһۣں׼⺩Цݣеֻܡ




59

59 ʧ ... 
 
 
ĸ硪³ЦǺǵĺ
ѩӣһۣ˵ʲôطGɿһѩӣֻò֨ЩԣҪʣطGȴȵ˰ɣȿڲɡ
ţͷطGĸ첲һһߡ
ͷʹ𣿡طGŲЦʡ
㻹˵أ죬ͰﲻˣҲҸ߻ʰ꣡
طGŲЦôѵ㱻۸ô
桪˦ҪǱˣô˽
طGǺǵЦҶ᲻ôýб۸أ
ءȻ̧ͷʵ
طGȻЦݣ㣬ȥɡ
ʱЩԣ²ӡ

硪žͺ
ֻпյĻˣһߺһ߽ңȻֻڴҵһż򵥵
˺ЩŸȷϣѾˡ
һܵطGǰ޺ţΪʲôôԡ
طGϵһŲ裬ͷ
ƾʲô˵ҪޡŭĽطGеĲ䣬ʲôʱ˵Ҫȥɹˡôԡ
طGֻ̾ϢţκηӦ
㾿Ҫôϥʹʧ׷ʲôҪһδα
طG̾ϢţḲļ磬ͼһ΢İο
񱻻һƵģȻƿ֣ܳȥԼʹ޲ѡ

Ҫȥ𣿡ط鿴һۣطG磬Ǹʡ
ǲҪ˰ɡطGҡҡͷĿѾﵽѾ뿪Զٻˡδؿȥ
ȥҧһһĵۿ΢΢ĺš

ǰʼûЦݡطGҲЦеҲӰ죬Ž¡
Ȼ˰ͼǰȫһ
طGȵȻԤеһֲ顣
֪ϲҡֱŰͼ۾ʾ㵵Ŀ
ҪȢңһҧһһصͰƺˣ
Ҫ֣طGվ
𣿡ĿŰʣǰ
񣡡طüͷš˸
ֻܸž롣
үطGȰתҪͼɰ
Ȼͼ̶̵ԥ˼룬˫ֽӹ룬һ
δڰϣһѶ룬ݺݵˤڵϣſǻӡһľ벻⡣

ô˷طGһ߿ķųŭ
ҷߵķҪҼ޸ڿϼˣˣ˰ɣ
طGûϵĽȻԼһ޴Ĵһ޴ıͷȻʹԼ׹˵ٲ

񣿣ͼÿӿվһԾһһôˣ
ѹ§ͼ櫵ļޡ
ȡͼḧļ򣬡֪ʲô˵
ʲôˣͼ֣ʡôأ
Ǹҡ޵ֻ㲻ƭҡ
ͼ櫲ˣһȻʵ磬˵Ļ𣿡
޵ĸʹˣȻһͷ档
ǣͼȴҡҡͷҾã㲻İ
̧ͷ֪˵ʲô
ƽͼҡͷãá
һᰮġҧҧ´һġ
𣿡ͼȴЩɵĿҪﻹűˣôܰҸأ
һᣬնĵһġ
ͼ֣ãҸȢ㣡˵ţȻʾͽˡ
磡ͼ㿴˭
ţҿˡͼ¶ټ
ҡվȻò֪԰ͼ
Ҫȥ̽һ̽ճԵ·ߣͼͼ櫵úŸɡ˵߳ӡ
Ȼܳӣȵȡ
Ѿסͷ
ңл˵̧ͷ
񡪡ͼקס궯ҪٿЦˣ
ǵģЩίл˵
ԥһ£ơ
ָģĽű
ץˣͼһԾۿ
һ·ɱһϡ٣ˮݷɽ£Űʵ֣
˵ʲôʵ۹Խ۾ʵб
죬ҲҪϷŪġЩѵĿڣ֪Ĺ֣ǡǾ仰̧ͷϿҵĿ˵ģ
֪ĿԣֻǣͼҡͷҲĿǿ㡪
ûǿȡҡͷԼԸġ
ģͼҿĳûҡ
ǲҪˡ̧Ӳ۽ǵˮӣ񣬡£عеˡת뿪
񣡡ͼбıӰЩۡ
񣬡ʶһ٣ߵǰһ䣬ΪʲôһҪ޸ң
ң㵽ԭȥҲҪٴھˣҲҪٱƭá
ܴȥԭɰǧΪʲôҡ׷ȥڵȴһִ𰸣Ȼ֪ܸܲ
̧ͷ΢Ȼᶨ˵֪š
񡪡ʼܵ§סļ硣
ϴ𣿡̧ˮ
áҴߣʴӦţ֪ԼϲǱ
ϣ῿ؿڡ
û˵ĳһ֧ɹŸ衣Ϧڰȥĸ۾һƬ̵Ĳԭǰչķ綼ǾǹеȻе˺ĸбƽš

ҹһμһƬʻԭҰͼҲƽһμ˴ûѤϼ⡣

տطGźȲ裬Цʵûء
ʰꡪطG֪ӦԣǶ̲ܽܡ
ҡͷЦջͺ˵ǵŵԲӼ˵һˡ˵Ц
طGֻͻ̫Сɣ
ҡͷЦҲʮ޵͵ʱ򣬶Ҫʣ޿һ׮¡
ǳޣǰȴɥżңʰ겻ί˸𣿣طGʾ֭пܵɣֻһͷβ¼ޡ
ɺǴĹߴƣүһ˲ţӢڣܼޣ޿ã˵ţЩĿطGôˣȻôŵģ
ǣͿطGȥϵĺ顣ʰʾ
ͶˡͷЦȥ׼գ޾Էξ
ּطGͷĺǰһѣΡ

ĸ磡طһۿطGɫԣôǣ
طGǿҪˡ˵ţһԵȥ

ͰʵĻ»ʰͬˡطGվգ͸ŻʰعɣӴٲøˡ
ǰľû̧ͷ
񣬡طGߺѩӣﳭˡٿȻԶߵ룬͡һȻ顣

ĸ硪طֹȻڿڣ޵Ӷˣ
طĢͷ¸³ˡطGֻ˵Ŷطߣȥɣٲļˡ
˰աطGЦЦټطTȽϺá
˸Ѿˡطԥһ£Ҳȥһ۰ɣźһ
طGЦһֻǸĻ̥Ĺôϼң
治ȥ𣿡طĿһ֪ۡطGδؿ
ҡطG̾һʲôʱȥ

񡪡ܷ⣬ѾĿڳƹֻѩӣ˽»ϰ߽и
ΧһȺŮΧյĳһƬУȴŲʱ˵̧ͷôˣ
ǸѩӣһºҪʵʲôɬĶүˡ
°ɡѩӣɫҾˣ˵⿪ڡ
𣡡ƿ֣Ҵšֿһſڣѩӣ⣬񣬡ү
طGƼѣ¾ͲĻһΡ
ˣʣóڼѹʲôĳɷ֡
ȣ㡪طGеĵͷѩӣȥţطGȻһ־ҪôͲܡ
ҪߣҪߣѾ޷ƣỨٲҪ㡪
طGݼֹסľܾǶԲסΪãҡ
Ҳţ֣ĿΪҶ֪ôԪΪʲôΪʲôߡҶ֪ˣ
طG統ͷƹѾȫǰ״Ҳûа취
ûа취Ŀȫǳ޺񣬡ʲôûа취ƭߣΪҪЮҸ𣿣ֱߣֻΪĥҶ𣿣кҸֵʲôԸǣкԪǸ򣬾Ƿ˴Ҳﲻ㣬ΪʲôҪϾɱ޳̫ɵΪǺˡ
طG˵ˣڽʲô̫ˣ˴⵽ز˵ʲôأֻǺԼܽǸ̻һеʬΡ
áطGĿЦһ£㶼֪ˣôϣӴ˹ĺá
òʵġҧгݵĵֻҪӴ˲ٿ㣬һĺܺã
طGһķȴû֪ĺƯԶߣԼǣ
˫ȣ߳˷š
үѩӣһѣɫҰף£ЩҽͰա
ˡطGƿǵķŲԺӡ





60

60 Ⱥ ... 
 
 
ԼС㿪ѩӣԼ⿪衣
ɣѩӣƿ֣ļ޵ƶȥҾҲﲻˡ
㡪תѩӣޡ
һ仰ѩӣ۹ֱȥİǸү𣿡
㣬ɡת
Ǻáѩӣôү𣿡
û㣬ĬţȻֻϣԶҪټ
ѩӣ̾Ϣһ
ѵҲú𣿣ĿѩӣӰ
ѩӣҡͷûʲôֻҪͺá
ϣȥ˲ԭĿѩӣԼ磬˵ôһ䡣
һɡѩӣߣûв¼ɣûƭֻޱߵͲݳ㽣ÿԭ˶ܿ֡ңҲģ
Ǿͺðѩӣ૵ǾͺðһĪıˣ쳣ȴ޷˵

񣿡ЩԾôÿкģ
쿴ʱ򣬾ͺȻҪˡܳȥ𣿡
ͼ΢΢׵۾ͷȥ
ﶼСڲ۾Ȼתʵо𣿡
ǡʿ˵۾ʲôתݣʱ϶һֻҡ
ȥǡͼǵĿ
ȥĶҾȥĶ粽ĸͷɫĴ
ɣסŰʵ֣ͷ

ʴԵȡһֻ룬áֱӴժ¾ҡ
ͼοֱֱĹȥ
ʮѵͬʱ˳źȥҵݸֻǳǳһڣ۾ʺţȴܿʡ
㲻Ϊʲôסθһյʹʡ
ҡͷ˵Ȼ˵˵ʣҲǰʡ
мЦȴЦơ
ܲ˵ģžҲ׸һβҪ̫ࡪ
Ȱ⣬Լңȥ·һպθһΣӦء
ʹһѣμҪأȴס
߬Լؿڣʹҧ´
񡪡ʰ§ս԰ױָ
ʹӣʶԼůؿڣĽһЩٽһЩ
ʹ𣿡ͼȦůӡ
ĵͷҡҡͷ
Ŀؿ䦿һƬʪ䣬ȴȻ÷֪Ѿʹһͬ

硪ͼ櫴ԶľɻˣԶͿԼһΡ
硪ǡͼҪߵĸȴֲҪ
񣿡УȻȴƵĸԼż£ȵʧȥࡣ
𣿡֪ǲʹʵ
ҡͷĵͷźáܸоؿЩٵ𶯡
֪ҪĴ𰸣ˡ

ӺЩ⡣
˵˵طG۾Ӱ㲻Ұɣ˵꣬ǿԼЦһ¡
ô᣿죬룬ýţֶϲ衣
ͿҪ˺ǡ
šʴӦһûһ
ͦ˵İɡطGԼĽӲ
ãֵĿøлү̧١
ǰطGЦһ£ʺȻе㲻ĸо
㣬ҪȢ𡪡طGһڸƴҲü
ΪʲôҪƴǡЩĿ˼Ǹù
ǣطG̾һǰ̧ͷúôա˵꾹ȻҲûУֱ˳ȥ

ĸ磬㲻𣿡ط궯ӡ
û飬طGĴӱԵԼְɡ
ôУطüסԼܲһӶ˰˵ָָԶİʡȢˣ÷ˡ
˵ɣطGʹ̾ҵĴ
ˣʲô룬ʹɱһЩŮ鳤˰ɡطŬҪʹطGһ㶷־Ǹ֣۸˰ɣ
ѾĺܲˡطGҡͷұȲ˼ҡ
ӣطĿһۣʮҲֵ㣡˼ŮĸӢۣô
˵˭ˣطG⻰ŭˡ
طɹȴҪϣǽƯƯһ㣡
ãһ㿴طGԾޣɳ۶ȥ

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ȥȥȥ㲻ѽأ
ȥͼߣһͱһȺǽ˵ȥء
ȥüǸմΧû𣿡
ˣ˭֪ͼҡͷЦ֣Ҷȥأ
ѽ治ŮЦʣȥ˺ܶ𣿡
öడʲô߰˾ŵģ֮ʮȥˣͼָͷЦĸࡪ
˵İҲȥˣȻЩԡ
ǰͼ櫵ͷʮģûأ
Ŷͷ֪ȥĸΧ𣿡
ǾǸİɣͼ˵ҡͷԣҲûôǴ˲ٶأ˵ҪŻ
ȥôá
ͼ櫴չ
ôƵ£Цƶ졪

үҰǳûҪСඡطKЦͼһɤӡ
лָ㡪ͼҲЦŲתͷطKӻ֣ҵǲǡ𣿡
ЦôطKӱ޸ϣĻس׽ͷҽôʰǣ
ðǾͱȱȿطҲϹӱ޵˭ȵ֣
Ǳôҡ׷һˡ
Ӵĸ磡طK˶ЦѵüҲ°
ˣǾ͸Գ˭ãطԾԾԵ޵
áǣǾšط˵ž޾ȥʧ

󺹣㿴ͼ˳ӵıӿȥȻĲ֮һŻë
һЦҵġ˵Ŵϼֻ֨һҶжʱһ죬
ˣˣӸߺһ˲ȥȻϳһֻ˶Ĵ
ʾٹһֱһ¡
ѽ㿴󺹡Ǹܻ£˶ƼһֻҰá
ӾͲҪˡʺƵЦЦղֻ㵱
ðǼһЦİѺ棬л󺹣
ߡʲǰ

󺹣Ҳջ񹻶ˣɫҲˣǻǸϿӪذɣ
㲻ں˰ɣһЦҿῪЦ˵ʲôǶࡪҵڻûƼһֻӰأ
ƼҲһֻͼЦЦҰҪɶǳȺģҪǶˣ򶼴꣡
ҿǻǻȥɣôһ˵Ҷе㷢𣬿ܣߵҲܾòͬˡ
ҲáʳһǾͰʱ·ذɡ

ƣǲİ𣿡Ȼǰĺɫ֮ңңɼطGط˵Ķ飬Ҳض顣
ߣȥʵ˼ӿ˱ӡ
Ȼס
󺹣
ꡪʾٱʾҪ
ÿŵĿʵô£
Ϣ¿ü
ԡ
ȻԱһָŲԶСеǡ
˶ʱһ¶䱸
ҿ£ȵҪŭǾͲʰˣ
Ȼֻͣϡءһ˻ΧĲݴϤϤ졣
֪˭һȺ
һãһӻĲݺĵ۾ʱһɧҡ
ţʳһ̴ӣѣҪҶ˵ľԮ˳ֳ
ѽֻһУҧˣ˿ʱԭһֻԼǳȥҧסĴꡣ
ҪʴһȻѾԵ̴ӻӵͿ䴦һͷӦڵأںѪʱһһء
㲻Ҫŭô
Ǿѽ˲ΪȻı
ֻҪǺ꣬ڿǴͷˣҧ㿴
ȻղŻڿ̽Ⱥʱһ㣬Ƶĵ˹
Ÿʲôɱʺ˵ţ־ͽһֻ˵ǿˡ
ʱһƬɱ

ˣǱȺΧˣطңңһŻ⣬֪£ӱ޺ȵȥˣ
ط鵱ģطGҲͷ׷һ׷һ溰
ԹȥطGסҪȺط飬ȥ˻ôȣ
طһֻ׳ĹǣȺ
ಡһӦأкԡ
Ǽݽ˰ߵĶΧ
ߡطƲôӣӱ޸ϣүȺ
ʮСģʴһᵶһֻǿǰǶҪԾطס
˲һɱȺʼˡ
նлʻֲϽĺѪطһЦеġƴʮɡյüȻʢ
ˣ˼ڿҵģʲôط˵ȴһ˿΢ЦǡĮӥɡʵţ
˵Ц䣬ȴȻһҺתǸͷ̴ӱһֻҧס˲ϡ
ιҪҪᵶ׷ȥطæһסΣգ
ܲôˣ˦͸Ϲȥ
ط֪¾Ȼ⵽Χæڻȴּѿաĸط鼸Ǻġ˵ԼԱȥڻ
ȻݴΧһѵ̣˵ԭһֻĸǣĶС̶աģطӵͿҪ͵Ϯʵӡ
һлһ˵̴Լ
ߣʰطȵӵǶѶɱ
ˣطɿƣôˣ𣿡˵ţطָָڰϵ̴ӡ
֪˵תȥĲӡ 
 60 Ⱥ ... 
 
 
ιط龪Ķǵĺһ
ڰת˲䣬ֻǱͷǺȻԾ𣬳Űʵĺ˹
ĸ硪ط鼸˺ѷεĺ

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طһŭŻӵȥ֪˶ٵֻͣµʱֻʣһ̯ࡣ
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ϣŹһֻ
طҲ޷ܣЪ˹ĳطGţΪʲôżΪʲô
طGһ㣬ŵĶţеĹճһӯ
طһͷŭһײȥɵûг𣡻ֶˣΪʲôΪʲôż
طGֻǲ˵ֱɵɵǰ
λҪˣҪʵ̴ʵӣ
طݺݵİһۣӱ޸Űʵ̴ӳӪطɱȥ






61

61  ... 
 
 
ôôӵɹźĽ
˵̫ءеĵ̫ҽüҩƷֶֻ򵥵Ĵֻͻع²пܱס
˰ǼõϳعطTԸʣµ͵
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طͷҲãе̫ҽҲһ·ţ⣡
ȵȣطҪ·طTȥס
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ǸطT̾һȥԺ󣬻ǡȲҪ߸գط⣬ֲһ䣬ܲˡ
ȡطͷ

ΪʲôżΪʲôطЪ˹طGʷŭ˹ȥģΪʲô
ҡطGݺݵҧҧ´ҡ
ΪҲ֪ʲôطݺݵĽϵĲһˤڵϣ㡪
ҡطGһҧ˵ҾǲȢ
㣡طָ˵Ҽ޳˽ġط˵ȥȥӶƷڵء

ô󾪣̫ҽô˵
ԺдҲȥˣæšȫصūſʵ˵Ĳᡪ
޴Ҫס˵⣬ȲҪţ䲻Ҫ񡪡
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˵ܻǲܻɣط鲻ͷĴֱ˵ʡ
ҲÿԼ컯ˡЩص˵ˣ˼ԣҲпǷһˡ
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ô˵ɣ֪Ϊѹֻĸ첲ת뿪طһ˴ԭء

ôˡ̽ӣʲϲźıȻ΢΢䦳Ѫɫĵü
ǻԣҡͷ
ˣеʣûϣ
ЩΪѡ֪ô˵
ʵʵ˵ɣҲûˡѹ
ǡֵͷҡͷʵǲұ֤
Ǿǲˣͷ⣬̾ޣ֪ˡ
ȫ
ūڡ
ȥ빫ɣôһۡ̾ź


ʰꡪֻһۣڿǰˮֻʻʰһ䣬ָĻ£
񰡣ʱҲʮʹˣԺд˵Ļ֪ô
֪ˣǣʰ꣬޵һһģȻҧʮּᶨĵ۰ǲˣǷˣҶ޶ˣ
ǣһ
Ҫˣûȿ˵꣬ҧһһ˵ҾһӲˣ
ð̾һҪôޡ㣡

񣬡ͼȰ㻹ǻȥЪŰɣž͹ˡ
ҡͷĿֻһߣҲˣ
ûûҹţҸ֪Ҳĵġͼ۾˵
ŰͼֲڵָҾҪصȥˣͻѹˣ
áͼ櫺۾Ǿһţ

ѩӣЩˮ˵㿴ɵĶѿˡ
ҲúЩˮ˰ɡѩӣݹһֻ롣
Ҳʡ˵ţպˮḲϡ

ʮүѩӣкš
ôطЩԾ
˵ˣѩӣЩʣøһۣź
ȡط۾еʪЪ𣿡
ˣסŸոſһѩӣָָ棬ʮүҪ£
ûûУطҡͷҾˡ

㿴գĻط鱯ߵĵΪһ֮˽˼Һúõһԣһˣһͺù𣿣
طGľȻĿ֪ô
֪𣿡طŭҪҪҰ׶ΪʲôҪɷ򣡡
ҪطG㱵˵ȥ
Ϊ𣿣طҪȴûס첽ţʲô

񡪡ͼ
ԭ۵ԺģȻͼ櫽УȻѡô𣿡
ǡͼָָſڣطGľȻķſ
˸սվȥһѽطGƵ⡣
طG˸򣬿һѪţҡ
Ц𣡡ſǻ޺޵ĵ˰ɣ䵽ز˵ĺذɣ
ҲǹġطGļ磬ֵ̿״Σû뵽ءҲֻǲߡҲ֪ҲѹΪ£ҵĴҵĴطG˵žȻҲˡ
סˣĴĶطG
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ţǹģ㣬Ծģ㡪
ҲǹġûҧôأôѪطGڵ֣߬Ҵӿʼʹˡˡ
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㣿ǡطϹһ㲻Ҫ˵ʲôã
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Ϊʲôңߵĳط麰ͣų˷䣬ķ˰ߣֻƬ̣ڱʪһƬ

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磡ͼס֡
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ḧϺı۵ʣ𣿡
ЦЦźá
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ôЩ죬һֶֿʰɣḧȥա
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̲סᣬʣڲһµʱϲŭ˼ζǰֻǳõͳʱȿʼĹȴһʼͱǣҶǴϲ󱯵졣

´ˡͼһÿý
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Ҫ˵˵ţǿԼ¶Ц⣬أúžͻȬˡ
ģ΢ЦЦ
ҽи˵˵ɣҽǼҩȥѹı˵

񡪡
ðɡ
ҧҧݺģʲôҪĸϿ˵ա
һ㶣ºȻһһ߬˰ʵ֡
΢΢⶯ĴʲôĽһЩҪ֪˵ʲô
һЦԼǰͷ
ս
ʲôҲû˵ȴþ̧ͷĴһġ
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ӣӣۿҲȣ֪֪ǻʲô𣿡˵ŷĴӻʲô

һѵСذס
߬ȴȻðӵһҵĲ
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һ̣·Ͻǣ˺ѷεĿ޺
ĺɫĺϣȻ

ϣƶߺͼȥˡȫ
֪ˡУΣڵּǣ롪




62

62  ... 
 
 
طGʧֵڻм֪ĵԴȥ俴סط飡⺢Ϊָ֮ظ޶ס죡
ȫͷ
ǣôáȫɫһ䡣
ȻӺɡʰͼɥ¹ȥˣô˼죬һ˸У⺢ӵ

𶯣סѩӣ֣Լϲİ顣
񣿡ѩӣ۾ǽɡ
Ҳǿ߬һȦɫһ츲صıϲ֮Ψһļ
ã˵žţѩӣ⿪µۣЩЪŰɣվͿԻȥˡ
աľȻظţҪ޹ͼ櫸ԤԣסȻҲֻաе㽺λö׷䡣Ҳû뵽ԭʫϷģҲôס
񡪡ѩӣļ磬Ҫ޾Ϳްɡ
ȻҡͷҲģѩӣĿԼǣֻǾúòҡڻᣬҺò˵Լһ·Ϊʲôûͨ
ѩӣûа취ٰοԼȿ޵ҭΣڿڣҪô롪֮޾֮·أ˵꣬ظһ飬šʵҲδŰա

˭Ȼߵš
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ҪҽʦЩġѩӣһǶˣԵһ档
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ҪҰɣطGҵһЦ
ǣսţ޷Լķŭ޷˵ļѵ㻹𣿣
áطGѵӣֶӣһЦ˵ûҲǸ˵һֻġ
үҪť»ףŴеĵӣطGޡ
޺޵ĵôôġ
ĿһۣԵӡ
үôôɵť»ϷϿ޵
ΪʲôҪΪʲôҪңطGľȻĲ
үť»𾪵Ŀ
ҵĸ֡طGıӰҵһЦƿЦݣ㣬Ҳҡ
˵꣬طGһҧԵαվ
үť»סطG޵





63

63  ... 
 
 
ùã
ţŷܵһ·㶡
ùãҡ
ŶЦô˯
ùãԣ֪˵Ÿһͷ
ЩԾⲻ¡ȴ
ùáᣬ֪Բס㡪㲻Ҫѹˡ
ĺ
ƿ˵ⲻ£
ǵġίĵͷƼޣҲѹ
ȻЩˣ㲻˵˰ɣ
ǵģǵġ羪̵ĹҷҲǡ
ǡɻ
ǡͷһ롪ܸһ˵ŴӻͳһֻС㡪
ĺܾ¡
ġһ죬æ
ȻЩЦģû뵽һкӾȻ߻
ʵҲǡɦɦ䣬ĴӣԼĻּװȥġ
ᣬ򻨵㡣
֪ùҹ˯ãʦ˵İġ翴ĿЩż㲻Ҫ
ң۾ͷ˩½ϣңţлл㡪
ȣ簲ĵĵͷ̧ͷùã
ôˣԼЩ˼
ıˡָָޱߣ硪С˵ùһգ
ڴ̾һ˵ͷ

ױ̨ǰͷĽ˿ֳɹɣϸıһˮ˳ıӣֶ˶ĽһɫƲڷҡ
ùã㿴òáڷһС뿪İ׺ġѱӸǰ
ȣ̾һ˵ͷ
ллùãЩպġ
Ҹллǡ̧ĺԡ
ֻҪùˣʲôá֣ùãֺ
˵ţǰůš
֮䣬·ͼôֲڵĴůָ⡣
ùáĨȥյᣬļ磬·͸°㣬ڶ㻹ء
Ȼۿһȣѿ
ĸ鷢ϸһǳǳοЦȴ쵽ԶһƾӵĿ⣬Ŀȼյ޷Ƶġ

緹طGվߣֻмŰ˵ľ롣
ýɫһЩˡť»Ϊ˻ͷϵΣĵʹǿЦ
ллġΪطG磬ӴֻܰɩɩĿ㡣
طGüֻۣװӶͷԷ
Щ˰ɣطGڻǰ಻סС̽ţһӲ˼е
žĸ¿ӣԲסλ㣬Աˣˣ
طGɫ˲ࡣ
˶ֻͷ
ˣҳԷԷ
ȻŲס˸Ƿ
ԱߵĹüÿֱ
һòҪǡطGҹһУطGͷŭȵһ첻úù͵ųԺ˯֣
֣æ֪ʲô¡
ȥҷź򣡡
үһذɡϲæ顣ϴ
첻
طGŭգҺݺݵĴ򣡡
֣طGҪѵҲӣӴȡ壬ԺǷСүԲסˡ
ͷؿ˵ߣӽ쿪
үϺᰧ
ү˰ɣذɡҲˣ֪طGΪκȻԺô
򣡡طGնĺȵ
֣̾˰ӡ
ʹĵһ֣ԥſطGһۣ֪ҪҪȥ
Ŵ򣡡طGĵûͣͣ
ֻ£ľ͵ĺ˰磬Ƥɫͨ죬˲Ŀȥ
Ͽϸɣ˵Ժٲˣ
ʹһһģȻҧأӲǲڡ
үɡť»ҲȥˣƺŸʲôȥȰܸܵϴ
ݺݵҧ۾򣬾ǲϿڡΪǸ޹ؽҪĹǷ
ͣݺݵĴ򣡴ΪֹطGžƵ֣
֣Ȧȴ˿飬֪طGӣ飬ֻºᱻѵĸҡ

ť»Ŀһ񣬸ݸɫ⣬Ĵӡ

ס֣
֣һ㶡
طGһȻϵĺ޼
򡪡
Ҫٴˣƿ֣۵§źļ硣
˵򣡡طGʹ̡ƾʲôһ㶼ϧȴϽһ˿һů
ãӣôһˣ
ùòҪ絲ǰǴҰɣ
طGϧһԣʱ֪ʲôζ
ꡪȻطGǰдǸǰɡ˵طGǰߵͷ
طGص̾Ϣһ֣˰ˣˡ˵ת·˿˺ۡ

ʲôť»ϰһľƲˣĿ
лл㣬㣬Ȼ֪ôΣť»ҡͷ̾Ϣ
ҵĹ͡ҡͷҪǺ¶ð򣡡
ôͲأť»
ʲôɻĿ㣬ĲףҪѵң
ôҺ㣡ť»ϿЦ˸ﶼֻװ㣬ôбȥޡ
㶵Ŀ֪ơ
˵˵ť»ת⣬ɡһϾơ
ҲˣžƱ۾ģʹ
飬ںǼͷķݶϣֻһΣ
Թ̾Ϣһһ
һɻȵĳ徢ֱĿڡ

үһȥ̾ť»ϰطGϣԼ߳ȥ˳ִš
طGľƲˣ֣֪޶˵ΪʲôŪô֣ôˣǸʲô
Ⱦ˱еĲоƣطGͷЩȣ⿪ڣҵȣť»ϲֻһⲽ
ȻȴƼԷᣰţ֣û˯ôˣ
߹ȥһ

żб˯ţ߳ϸϸĺ糺죬Ǻ˾ơ
طGٿæͷߡ
δţȴ΢΢춯طG̲סͷһۡ
ӻһǣ첲ڴߡ
طG̾ȥСģǱ
ȻӣʱһѪšһϮбǡŹڱ
طGݲݵںӡ̵ֻ롣ȴ̲סͷһֿۣһۡ
ﱻӡһ䣬طG
һƵľͷʱķӿ·һֻò£ߴȥÿһΣ׵׵ӵ
ţƺĵ·ڽջҪһеָҲܡǿԼȴһ·Ӵ߻䣬ٵѣһ·¡ȵ˫޷ƵҪ̽ڲеĿ
Ķһ¡
طGȻܣѾһδٴȥˡ
ȻɿطGߣȻסĴϢţҪѹԼѾȼյƵĿ
ܡܡ߬½ǣҧҧҪסԼʧصḧؿڵˣطGȻһģô˰ɡѾûһתˣѾôˮҪһݺްˡ
ģǺްɡҲã٣ҲǶ飬ܱȱİ·˺õĶࡣ
طGʪȥ޵ĺЩҪƵĻȥһߡ
ָתü۽ǣطG˵ĸҰɣ޾ͺȥɣãֻҪ飮ֻҪң
૵ţֱб

΢΢ʱطG̾ӣᣣ˷š˻ڳ˯ԺӾĵġ˭ϸתȣӭť»ϡ
ү
ţطGȻЩʣ˵Ҫȥȡƣôһҹû
ҡť»ϵͷЩӵʣүҹĿɺã޷εһڡ
طGȻˡ
ǹģطGɴ۾˷
ֻϣүܸˣť»ϺȻֻ֪Ϊһ㡪
ɵѾͷطGȻЩᣬ§סļ磬Ҫҵ£Ҳôˡ㣬ɵǡ
ť»˵ޣǳЩʲôˡЩ죬Ϊ꣬ƣʧߣѹ֪ԼûãʲôҲﲻˡԴˣֻһˡǡ˵ſ޵ĸʹġ
طGĿߣȻԼǶôԲסԭԼͬһΪһٲܰԼˣҹҹġҶ˼סԺˡطGḧοֿһǼӣص̾Ϣš





64

64  ... 
 
 
ô˯ôˡ
ڸȵĴ˼Ұͻءѩӣݹһֽɡ
ҺȾˣôʲôǵˣͷֲͷ۵˵Ҫ´ȴ̲סӴһѣۣ⿪һѳһӴۣüֵĴӾ￴ǿ鰵ɫôײأ
ƣѩӣһۣ˭֪ôСģȾƷŰɣ˵ţȡҩš
֣ôʲôǵˣƵһ䡣

ôˣһԺӵĻô죿ѩӣһ档
ɣ˿ƺϧҸʲôʱ򵽣
緹󣬡ѩӣˣԺֲ֪Ҫȥźĸˡ˵̾
ø˵һҲȥɣ
ⲻϹأѩӣЦЦٹ͹ԳˣҲ찾ͷˣ㵹õҡ
ȻѹߣҲֻףҲֻŽ⡣
ҪǲߣҲûȥˡ̾

Էʱ򣬴ҶĬ֪һߣ֪⸮ǻ徻ǻס
طGͷݲݰ˼ڷϯ
ΪȻ˹ĳţߵãġ
Ǻſӣ˿ֹ

׷棬طT˳ùá
ͷЦʲô¶
ң˼ţõĻʱָ˿ڣЦЦҺԺвôѽ
ǣһ룬д֣͵ɣ𣿡
ͷ˵ʲôȴûڡ
߰ɣطT򳵷ͷߡ
硪طTĸ첲
طTû̧һߵϧΥʱ⡣
񡪡Ȼͷָָ
ͷԶԶĿſվһӰһֻװ׵֣˺ܺӡ
˭ѽطTһۡ
ҡҡͷطTĸ첲ϣ˫ֺطT֣ʮָۡ

ʲôû䣬ǰӰڵģطT֣㿴ҽʰĻðɣ
ãáתطT硪
ްɡطTº͵ıļ磬֪ί
Ҳˡ޹ˣؿڵ̻ɫ֯ͼ
ðˣطT֡

ôһءطT߬Ǹ񻷣ĥʼն׾ʲô˼
үѾˡطTҲûգֻǷкգ
»ڰɣֿھôһ䡣
ҲֻˣطTҡͷҲûа취¡㿴ʲôأϵ񻷷㶣תʵҲϲ񣿡
ǣֳһֻǾöЩ졪
𣿡طTȻȤݵ˺ܾãҲûͷͷ϶¡
ֻϸϸĿ񻷣ӻͷμ˵Ž񻷺Ӷˡ
ȵȡطTȻſϣ֣
ֽǰƣȻӵϣתƹ͸񻷺صĺۼӳһּ
ñ
طTӹʣдһ֣
죬ҶأɫϺ̴䡣
ɽӳбˮ飬б⡣
ǰڴʣֲġĻڡ
طTһۣڻ۳תһȦȻ°ڣ
꣬׷˼ҹҹǣ˯
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ʲô˼ʣطTü
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ָݵġġ
طTסˡ
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طTȻɴ۾Ҷʯʲôˣ
ʮǰĳİ永ĺѲҶ䡪
ʮǰɱǸطT۾ɵĸˡ
Ķҡͷϧ֪Ϊλ䵽С˭ʧ𣿡
̵ģʧҲˣطTҡͷ
أ֣Ķɣ
ǶµģͬǸȦһǸģҪ֮ǰδطTȻʼˡ
˵طTغŴߵѹҶ䡪
û˵طT̾һȻܳأȴŮ˸пǧ
ƺв׵ĵط
ҪԼ𣿡طTֹš
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ô֪̯֣ôҪĶֻ֣¡
طT̾
ҵ˵Ҳһ׮Ե
ҡͷ̲סѿڶŲǡ
طT
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ȵȣطTȻʲôƵģҶĶӵʱ𣿡
ŶֲѾˡ
ĪǣطT۾ǽʬꣿ
ָЦֹ
϶֪طTһЦ˵˵ɣ
ҡۿܱѾûа취 治ֿ֪ЦֻβˣʣµͶıˣ
βطTü˭Ĳ
ͷССӲҵ𣿡ֹĴ⡣
طTüʮҶǻأɲ¼ġ
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˵Ĳǡ
ʲôѽҡͷεЦ˭Ҳû
Ҷﲻ¾Ͳ˵ǲطT°ͣͻȻɣ˵֮ǰûһף
Ҫǲ̫ҽԺʹˡ
ԭ³ͻȻЩˣﻳ̥̥λͲȶֻǶԹ˼һֱģҪҲûа취
Ҳ㣬طTˣǺһЦҲ֪ô£㱣ҶôҶ³һͲһ䡮Խ͵İɡ
ǱѽֲҼʱˣǵþ¶ţ
һǶģһҶӵģ˵ǴĻǾҶĶӣڽ˲úһӵ飬䣬ѵֻβô򵥣طTͷһ׮׮Ϣг޷ֵ
Ҳ̫˵㣬һµкô졪طTҡͷЦͰɡ
˼ô֪ĸɾ
УһֻǾιеӣطTƣȴɴŵЦҶ񻷾ûбûҲñ㿴㻹˵Լ֪
ҡ
㣬طTĸ첲ЦͨϢԲԣװ⣿˰ɣȻҵ©ʲôɣ
Ҫˣ˦ĸ첲ҵһأǺûñ㵽ôɣ
ûʲôиǸСںδˣطTЦЦҵõҲһ׮Ը
ŲأҡͷĲ֪ȥ֮ηأܳѾˣ
áطT̾Ϣòǿ˷ɣ
˵̲ס㲻ģҲôɣ
˵ʲôطT⣬һѳסɫʱһ䡣
ң֪ʧڣڿڸɿһû˵ʲô
˵طTɫ԰ף˵ҪСģ
֡㡱һ֪ȥﻳ̥¾̥ˡ
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Ȼ֪ˡ
á
˵Ҳȥˡ
иϢЩֵļˣĸҲ֪ˡ
طTһʱת
˳֪Ϊʲôĸǰ˿ݵЦ

طTһҹߡ֪ԼǵõĶ໹ʧȥĸࡣ





65

65  ... 
 
 
ʮЩûˡϳԷʱȻ˵
ŶطGľȻĵͷǡ
ϻ˵ʲôȴ֪ˡ
ҳԺˣطG¿ӣ뿪Ů˻࿴طGﻹд뷹֪˵ʲôá

΢һɣť»Ϸ²̣Ȱֻôһôأ
طGҡͷǸŰɡ
ٳһɣť»϶С룬ʢСҡ
ĳԲ£طGƿ֣Ҳˣ㻹ЪŰɡ
ť»Ϸ룬·ʣأ
طGһЩΣңЩ飬ȥ鷿һ
ǣ飬ҲЩЪţť»ֹĵҪ̫ˡ

طG鷿ţȻСʵûֻке䡣Ȼߵķ䡣ƿţܡŸ䷿İڣһټˣֻԼһ¶ȣطGһƬ䡣
ôˡطGϸĻŴӵһμÿϸڡ䣻ôһʱ䣬ҪһƺѾֿɼȻԼһȥӽԼһ룬ȴóһ޷Ԥϵĺ
㲻㡣
ϻжģ֪ǰҲȷĳһ˽⵽Ϊ֮ѣֻıˣȴΪ
δôıܵõ٣
Զߵ룬͡

ûеĻɹЩ
һкһ붼Ժȥȴһ۶⣬ɫζܷ޲ʹް޺ޡҪ

治Լֻܽűıǽ

ôˣطTھǰŲӡ
ӡӺüˣһҲ죬תطT
طTӭŹ⣬ľﰵɫۣɫ죬ĿôײأطTﷸֹʲôʱŪ˵ģ
ڡ˵طG֣Ӻ˾ƣˣ֪ײˡ
ӺֺȻʹطTġּۡ¶ܣãҲطGáۣ˾ƣ
طTȻ˸¡
磬ôˣ£֣ؿڡ
طT۹ļѣȴͣЪ΢΢ȣ͸ָ⡣
ʼЩԳȻ֡
ôֵĿ磿
ûûʲôطTĴЦЩǿ
㣡ЦŲͷϵĺ
ǳĺĦգطTͻͻģ·ǵһμһ㣬ƫͷҿ̡
ȴ֪Ƶģҿޡ˵ŽַԼ۴
֡طTƫӶƵģ㣬ҲǴˡ
Ǉ죬Ӻ汧Ҽ޹ˣ
˵ǡطTһĻҡ
ǣĿǴӦ㲻˵ģɶƵġ˵˵طTļ磬үҺãҲܹ˵Բԣ
طTӦţ̾Ϣת̧°ͣ㻹ǵء
һһ䴥£޵Ĳʰʲô취ҲûСһˣΪʲô³
ôҲźطTؿڱʪһƬЩȻĵѵı޺㣬ܹһ׮Ը
ʲô޺ˣ̧ͷôᣬΪʲôҪô޺˵̫ˣ
ҡطT˵Ȼ֪ôοŮӣһ֪ãɵԼ̸Ȼһ޴ݡ
˵Ĳã˵ĲԡطTЩ˵Ŀˡ粻֪ôο㡪
һҡҡͷֲ۾̾ϢţҲ룬£˵꣬ӺĸҪһ죬Ҳˣô졪
طT૵˵ڣһһֱڡȦ˸첲ŬʾԼĴڡ

ա
ûдˡϳǰطTȻıҵûп߳ư顣
Ͼ˵Ǵڣýɨ˴ҵˣÿ½󣬡˩ˡ
طTͷϳɡ˵Žֵݸ
طT֣ȴȻЩһۣܴĺܺطTȴ΢΢ķ

硪طTн߿ĵط֣ŲŲӣͼ
طTɿһ񵹲Ǻ䡪ʱԶĵط
˿ͷ۾û˵ʲô

ǲܰǶȫˣǶˣطȥߣ˵Щ̾ˣ˵ЩˣתͷոˣǺúþһۣ
طŢͷȻָطGͬһϡ
硪߬طT֡ҲˡطT˿ɫ԰ײ֪Ƿŭǿ־塣
طTֱۣ֣Ҫ֣ûµģûµġ
߬ĸָġ

ϳĸ磿طTطGȻǰ
طGȴֱֱĿطTɫҵţһֻսطT´
ĸ硪طTƵԶһЩǰʲôҪ˵𣿡ֻϳ
طGӣתͷطTһۣ¶һ΢ЦǺø簡
⻰ʲô˼طTĿһۡ
ǶһġطGչߣЦҶûǸ
طTһ£ȻطGһ۳Ȼˡ
顣
ô
طGǹ΢ЦĿֻһ˵ģӮ㣻Ӯҡ

үҲЪˣֽ⿪طGۡ
ԼطGĮƿ֡
ƫƵĲ֣ûźˡ˵ż¡
ժʱ򣬴Ӻ滷Ķ
طG⿪Լǰ֣תҲˣЪŰɡ
үίԹȥָһ·ѭʵؿں΢΢¡С
ԵĸоطGĺʼļ٣̫ϤÿһƤ֪ܲס 
֡طG°סֵ֡
ϲȵĴĲӣתԽԽ
壬طGֱջţϵʲôطڱĹ̡壬ߴϢţ̰ҧĶ
طGҲ޷ƣһѳһ
۾ķеıܣݡӺôݵʱ̣ǰƮӰӣʱ̫ݣסŮܸʵİο˲Ʈɢˡ
ϼܵĸֿܵİҲȡȴ̫õпںڰĲ಻ݣһƬ֮һ޵ů
ȻطG鴤һ£þһ˿̱ķ࣬ĴϢš
үº͵ĸӣڱӵ
طGֻʣһƬĿã
ҸĿ죬ȥҲ졣뿪ȵ壬жůѰ֪вطTĻֻƮƮһŶѣطTûȥеʹ࣬һҲ֪ҪʲôأܸԶܸҪƴһȥˡ˺ܾõһУһξ㾡ȥҲסּ򵥵ůκһŮ˶ԥľ衪ֻҪҪ
أ
ƲһŮˣֻһɬСŮѣʲôǰֻ֪򵥵˼άȥӵİޡԶܶС
Ǹ򵥵ЩɵѾͷͨµůʵֲ壬ǿǾǲԼһκŮˣһڻƻĻ԰һֱһƮĹ⻷һһ軭һޱλӰֱѣֱʹ
Ҫܹһд뿪һʹ඼ᷢˣ
ʱҪһͷǣҲˣ
ҪܰһжڻǸˣ
ţһһġȥмȳɵĲʹʵһҵ΢Цˮȴ޷ֹĽ͸
鵽̵ıŮӣȴΨһˣӵһΰӵڻһϱҲûκһܹİοʲôĴھȥϣ

طG˵ĳ̾һߵǸŮˡ




66

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ӺСġӹ˵һŷ⣬С
ţͷˣͷӹš
ŷ⣬ʵֱżһǱע⣬ĩβ׺ź֣һֻֽһӺԺֵĻļֻֿˣļֻŲ±ܺȫһ
ûҲµĵ˭

Ͼ㣬ϴθ˵ҩ𣿡
ҪǸʲôϾݸ
Ϳ˿ڲ̵𣿡ǸСƿӣмء

ùĴ¶ŷһǸ翴ߣǱ߿ȥ
һֽչȴֻ⡣
ͺ˻࿴Щʧ
ףȻһŷ棬ŷ˿
ԭŷ滹ּ˶ʱЩϲϸϸĶţȴһҩ
ŶȻʲôƵģӿڴͳһֻСƿӣ˵ľɡ
˵ķҩ翴ſţ΢΢һԭùǵġ
ҲˣЦЦǹùøġ
û˵ȴһ졣
ȻһźΪʲôģԼ

ĸôˡطδť»ϡ
ãͷť»׵ɡýط飬ť»ϱ¡
ڵһط鿴һطGЩƵ˵
طG̾ԭ޳һˣôͷ̽
ðԭҲ֪طһ
طGϺһһ󣬲֪ǺãһҵĿԣ㾿ҪôҸòã˵Ҫ¹
𣡡طæѽ
˵ôطGεĆ
طһۣû취
㲻ˣطGСʡ
иƨãطһ˱㺦ѵĹѣܶã
طG˵
ı飬طĿº࣬ݶˣΪѾͷɣ
طGɫҪˡ
ķˣط쿴ɫΪ˰
طGҡͷڲ¶˵𣿡
ðطߣǱյļʮĺ˵ŽӵݵУ㵹иõܵܡ
طGɨһۣ˵ʲô
ҪߵҲˣҲܹˣɵøɵ°ɣطеĿ
طGһۣû˵
磬ƿ鷿һһطTߡ
ôˣطTһŲŲ㿪ʲôҪ£
ԼίĿҾôˣ
طTˡôˣֵĿ
ﲻˣ۾Ϊʲôôˡ
ûСطT֪Ľͣ㣡
ǣ۾磬㻰Ҳˣֶȥһ¶ԡǰģ
طT֪ôشЩֻһͷáô뷨öɣȻû취ҪҪۣԼѳֲסطGʲôˣΪ˷磬Լôмܵסġ
طT΢ЦһЦˣ㻹ôأ
ģС޹Ƶ
طTͷʲôʱƭ㡪
ΪЦ˦ЬӣطTߣ̧ĸ첲ΧԼϣ
ǡطTһš
ǰһ˯˵žͱ۾
طTĿ˫Լ񵭵˯ԼؿڣȾĺ̾ϢطGԣǶһģһĲˡ

үҪȥĶطG˱
ȥߡطGԵĴõҡ

ڲŶݻήٵããҰطG߳˼š

߰ɣطTǣ
գգ۾Ȼ쿪֣طTЦҪ
طTЩȣЩ޷ܾСҪһһԶ롣硪طTϣ߹ҡֱۡ
طTֱ̾
ȦĲӣطTЦ̣
˭ôţطTĶȴֻкĸ
˵Ц
ѽ֡طTҲ̲סҪЦȥң
ᣬֻܶһֹĸ
ϡطTһ͵һ硪һ
Сġ˶ͬʱһطTȥȴһºŸʲôݵĸ˫˫ڲݴС
֪˳бµжԶͣ
طTδĴȴЦţ§Ĳӡ
طTͷ۵һûķʽ˱ƽš
ѹµ֣һϾ亹ĵĻ̻󲻰
磬ͷճĲݾЦͷݣﳤ«
طTĶˡ
ôÿһƺ㹻ĦĴߡ
粻ǡ
ʲôأ
Ѿˣô쾭𡪡
ôԣ


磿ɻĿôˣ
طTӻһ£һѪֱţ
ôǵĿһŵ亹
ңطTĴͷеΡǸղſˡ
ĶͷĵЦǻȥɡ
ȣطTӦȴûŲӣΣãȻĿҸղš
ղֱɵɵģˣǺǵЦţаһ
طTȻһɣԭֻ龪һЩԼĲֻԼħĻζѡ
ߣطT˵ϵĲݸ
㻹ǰһġŪطTֻۣСһᡣ
طTûƵģͣڸղŵľһңҺֻһӰ
Һá
ԽԽطGĴˡ
Ȳֲֵܵ⡣һˮĻӰԽǿԽǲ׾š


طTıӰʧϦʱطGʯͷվȻ֪̾Ǹ̾طTܲµ뷨ܹжĿܣҲһѵһϧ

ղŶŻʰʲôءطü㲻Ҫ
طGû𻰣ãԼûһôʰһɫ

ҹطT˯ĸⰲطTȴҲ޷ߡ
ôȥˣ̫߹Լûбȥܾ뷨޷ֱ桪طGҪ磻ô岻ȥطGһдûпѡ
޹ı飬Ȼһ̵⡣֪ôô룬ôԼ뷨ֻ
ˣΪֻܲһˡ

طGķһ顣
طTĻڶ˵ģӮ㣻Ӯҡ˵ĶԣûǸ䡣
ϣܺúô

ʸƴ𣿡ѾѡˣһͻһˡطTûκν͵ĻᣬֻܱĽתڡǱҲڵһˡ
ˣҹеʹ඼Ҫ¿ʼˡʲôģ֪Ѿһ׼ȥӭеĿܡ
Ღٿһ˯ݡһɬ΢Ц
ӰʼʹͿ־Ѿ޷֣ĸԸ
ĸԸ
ǸγϷôء
ӴҲ뿪˰ա
ֻҪ뵽ʲôҲܹˡ




67

67 ʾ ... 
 
 
硪ԺӿԿտҲ
磡̡һ˯⾪ߴ룬ٿӡ
ô
˲ôЬ´ƿţһԺӵĻ»кЩĻ
ˡ
뿪ôۻԺѵЩһжֻԼ˯еĻ
ȻԼҪˡ
ⲻΣڲһжĿطTЦݼߡ
طT˯ȴڴ˵أΪʲô
ֻһֿˣ˯ʱְ͵
šôô£

һƵģһǣ
ŭˣ޵ҧгݡΪʲôǲϷŹǣһҪĥһ𣿣

ҪȥĶ֣һƼ¹ڲľҪߡ
ؼҡ
ҪĶȥ֣һһʹɫ䣬ôҲȥѡ
ÿƿҪš
ҪȥĶ
طGͷҲضݺݵĵҪܣ
֣˻ҪطGȴĬĬҡҡͷʾˡ
ôš
֣һһĽˣϽŵ㣡һطGľôˣŵı顣
طGĵĵߣһ٣

硪˦ŵӶˣ忪鷿˽طTޡ
ǡطTһȻԼˣôҲûϵġ
磬ҲȥǶ޵һһģҾڼĶҲȥ
طT֪ôˣΪҲΪԼûκε׼ȥ˶ġ
طT˵ֻĬĬá
ߣ׽ֵҪһ𡪡
طTϴӦҡӣ磬˵ѽ˵㲻ˣ
ңطTĿһۣΪѣңûа취ֻܡ
ʲôûа취̵ֻĵɴ۾ץҲʼ׸ѽ
طTȻ˸սֻ뵽һӵİ취
ҲòߡطTΪԼĻţЩ䡰ǱΡ
ס
ǣġطTһҧȫ˳ȥ
ǣҵੲݣȥһʰ꣬ǻа취ɣ˵ţð취

硪§ļսսĿޡ
ûа취ˡطTȻ͵Ϊңȥɡ
ŵطT˵Ļ㵵˵
طTȻеһʹ
Ϻݺݵҧȥ
Һ㡪
ᱼʱطTģģôһ䡣
͸طTԸˡ

ϡҹϾطT£طTʹ
ôˣϾ˵žͽ⿪£Ƴһ鲻Сϡǡ
ûʲôطTƿ֣Լ죬ЪŰɡԼȴھǰָǿ˿ڣ̾һԼ˶ϰգ֪պе˿ڽٱ

ùûˣ˵𣿡ߺ
ţͷǹùúһҲ
ûԼ֪ԭ򣬿ôأһģԸ⿴ù춼Լߡ

ˣطGſ̵ʣȴκʡ
ǣվĿֵóˣ˵߽ķŭԽԽǿңôĥҶûϵҪǸ۸Ҹ硪߬СҲӦ
طGһǣ֪Ƿ̻İɣҲôģ

ùã
ģǺʲôѩӣƿţȴվſڣԱŸ˻ߵѩˡ
ǶѵģֵΪԺйùóѽ
Ҫҿʲôžһ£ֿ綳úС
ù㿴òã˴ҪС
Ȼһ㵥ĸжþûôôˡãáĵͷ
˰ɣǵ֣˵ֶöЩˡůůɡ
Ͽ𣿡Χ¯ֲǡ
ʰ˵ѩ󣬳ʦʹˣˣǾѧˡ
ǰ˵˵Ҳȥˣ
ͷЦЩҲˣѾѧúܺˡ
ǸѧĺãڲҶˣ翴źЦ
ùáȻ
ôˣſЩ˼
㻹𣿡Сĵʡ
ʲôЩĪ
ǡ紵Ȳ裬̧ͷԴˣһ仰û˵ء
ɫһЩ漴˵İɡ
ùãһ£ʵҲ˵Ų֪ôˣߺ磬ʾ˵ȥ
һ£Ŷʵͦġ
ΪȻȡ
ȻúЩףҲ벻Ļֻõͷǰ㿴Щ죬˺ܶˡ
ʲôɡ
Ҫܶһ㣬Ͳôѹˣƺ磬ǰɣ
Ŷĺһƾʲô
粻̫֨º֪Ҫԭ°겢ôס

ùãһ˵˻㲻Ҫ
ôءҡͷǿźƺлҪ˵
ʵһ£ȻдǣЩ죬Ҳȷܲܡ
˵ʲôֱ˵ʡ
˵ҲѰ̫ˣҲ۾
磬ʦûи㣬֪鲻Ҫ˵
ҡüɲܸʲô֪

ʮһ괺
꣬ǽһٻȥɣطGԲ԰й䡣
ŶʲôˣطGƼ԰ĵҪˣĺãЦ
ңЦЦҿ԰ӵ⼸죬ùãЦݱǰ˺öࡣ
𣿡طGһۣôǾͶסЩӰա

ùãڻ԰Ƽ±ʡ
ͦõġֽϵĵº͵Ц̫˵㡪
˵Ҫĵ޲Ը󣬡ЦЦһţٻһ嵭ģ͸ùã
Ҫúõ鷿ǽϣͷЦ
ùòҪЦˣҲЦ
˵Ц
ȴǱطG˴ӵſ

ʰ꼪飡
үү飡ͷһôƿ
ǺطG͵ʮһˣЦͷطGҲһЩ
漴Щ飬ΣԴ󷽷ĶԴ⡣
ǣոʲôأЦָָĻ
ػүүڸùÿҵĻ˶Ļش
𣿡ߵǰҲ޿ɡ
㶮㿴⻭Σ˿תվһԵ
Ҹ˵ɫ̫Щ׵
һЦ𣿡˵ʽǶ仭һĵ޵û죬ɰһЩҪ죬е֮
л̧ͷطGһۣطGҲˣ΢΢һ£ţȴһЩҡ

ǣ΢Ц޵ȥòã
ſͷЦá
ð̧ͷطGЦӽ𣬾ͽкްɡطG㶣㲻᲻ðɣ
طGæͷܸŻʰĸ˻أ
ЦǺǵĵҲʡˣúչã˵꿴һ

Żʰˣ㲻Ľ𡪡
ΪʲôֵĿһۡԸ˵ֿһ䣬һ𣬹ʲô˼
ȻЦ
Ц𣿡ĪĿϽҼûȤĵطˣ
ҲŲҪأ˵
㽫ô죿Ц泯͢
뵱С˵һɽͦõģʡġ
ٺ˵ɣü㰢㣡˵̲סЦ

ҹطG϶
ơҪҪƣطGæ˵·Լģ춳˲㡪
Ұʲô¡ţȴ˶ڡ
ǲҵ£ǻʰҪҺúչ㣬㲡ҲýġطGš
԰ڵɫ
طGվһӡ

Ҫ㵱˻ʵۣɱҸ𣿡Ȼ
طGһϸ˵ø˵ģȴû뵽ʵһ˿Цõ⡣
ᡣطG϶˵Ҫ߱Ļ㷸ı
㻹أ˵϶ҵĴ󡪡
طGʵƿԡ
ĲɱҲ˲
ᡣطGǺԥ˵
Ҳšҡͷ
ڣҰ첻طGƵĽ͵㲻Ӧġ
ĿϽͣǷ̫ˡ
˵̫꣬̾ˡ
˵ͷҲصˣеӡ

ڴϵʱطGȻһûٶ䳰ȷ򡪡һתΪʰİʾ̫ˡڳδӵеȨͷԻˡ
΢Ц̾ϢڣԵϺȻүôˣ




68

68 ֪ ... 
 
 
԰ţť»ϺȻ˵үšʲôʱ򰡣
ûܿش𣬡ҪΪҵʲôʱ򡪡
Ϊ𣿡ť»Ͼǲ
ΪȻĿϵı˵𣿡
Ϊһ䳰ȷü˳꺮ůΪ㣿ť»ϾüֱЦá
ĺһΡ
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ϲť»ϲŲԵˮ棬ǰ
һȻûûεЦǺ˵
ť»Ͽ൱࣬ЦˣҸѽͬĸ׸ѽ
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ԣôԣǾûѡ
֪ϲһʲôоɣť»Ͽ۾
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һʱʲôĸо
ҡе㲻˼˰ůůģһ뵽ȥ·ƮƮģʲô̲סҪЦеţġ˵ţеȡ
ðúÿүô̬ť»˵ǱȥԼȻ̧ͷƼԶˣϽȥʺš

ү˵Ҫ԰ߣүϲ͹һ𡪡ڿطG
ŶطĢͷһôȻˡ
˸һ𡪡ʧʱᵽ
ǡطG룬ָ֪ʲô뵽Ҫȥǵͷһҿɡ

԰ӱȥʰĺöˣˮҲſһЩť»Ц˵ԭǸСˮ̫Сˡ
ǰྰ£طGָԶǱԭŵһƬĵأļɽϣܵһ㺮磬˵ſť»ϵһЦúãͲסЩӰɡ
Ӵť»ϺȻһΡ
ģطG첲һѣסˣЦ·ôŵ㣡
ť»Цŵͷ˲ȴһš
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طG߶ť»ϣһʵʵڻ
ھδУȻͱطGĻ˽ˡ
طGĿȵʱñ˵Ŀڸ
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ȡť»ɤӡ
طGһ£ֳ
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ʵҲӿ֪롣
طGЩεǰԶˡť»ϻͷ㶵ô˵
һƬˮϴתҶ˵

طGϲȻϲǻˣ汧ϥ
û£˻̫ˣ̸Щϲϲ¡ڰͼʵֻһԸԼĺøȥԼĿѣ뷨İʲôģûпҲûǸ˼ȥ׷ʣô࣬Щһȥκ
ڣطGȻһŮϲô죿
벻ͨ벻ͨץץԼĶ䡣
ʲô¶
طGǰġť»ϵĻ˵ôеһУʵĳߣطTıΣ΢¶ö֮Ϊɶ˳ˡ
ˣ˹ȥǿӸǸǡ
ʶԼ졣
ģ
İͷҵͷ顣
ǸħһˡΪİʲôĳΪԸĶü˳ۣô飬һĵĸܵůǣôԴΧ˵ģΪԼİҪеϰϾɱ
У׸ǡ
Ƿˣ
ĵİ⼸꣬ǧãóĺܿ࣬Ҳ˺ܶࣻôأ
վǺδķ÷Ϊ׵İЩŹȥ𣿿ôܺԼ׸緢أ
Ҫ
һͷԽԼ˵ˣ

СġطGȻһȣתסϵ
үϾѣطGôˣ
طGоѣ˿ϣ֪ղŲһΣȻĿȻֱ
ңղ˵ʲôˣ
Ͽ˿һЦûʲô
£طGȥĬĬһУּƺֻǾȣûеͷŭȻЩοѾôԼ˰գ

ڻõ廨֦ӣһ̧ͷȴȻס˺죬ôΣġ
Ҫֱֳ֣۵ವ
ǡйӣ֪ô졣
Ҷ
طGһ󷢻ţڵһ¾Ҫվȴţһ¸ңӶ棬ӲǱﶯá
㲻ҪҶطG˵ʰǲ߰һšϹϸĵİڻϵͷһһ⿪
ˡ˵ţҵķ衣
Ǻ޲ԼԴ֪˼֮󣬼ͻţȫ˷硣
ǵͨطGﷺһ͵ľϲϺߣҲûôˡ
´ҪСģطGĵˣýᣬȴ᲻÷ſ֡
űӳ֡
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ʵһϻطGָ򢣬˹
Ȼȴֻǵָ
֣ԼطGߵҪĵ̵ֿˡ
СŰƫȥƿҲƵܵˡ

ܵţĻ겻ҺƵĿ졪УԲСǻˣˡҲܡҰο˺һĶסӱż磬硪Ķ߶ţȻϥͷ

ôпˣϲ裬ʡ
ҲѽһЦһ˺öأ˵ŴѾͷнӹһĺӡ
ʲôôôװĿš
㿴ϳ鿪ϻӣһửӦóߴ粻С
ԭǹͷʦģøصҸġһ㣬㿴òã˵źһͬչ档
ǰͼĻ
¡һ֪ͻȻһУһѣȴе¶չһ飬˲ʹ½ҿһӿǰ
зӦˣһЦ
˵ɻأ
̫ˣţ󻭷İʾѵһһ㣬ǰ΢ЦţĿֱġ
ϲͺãĵͷôõĻϧһƵ˵ɹأһ´
ɣԸȥø˵ԲŵӣѻԷǽϡ
һ˵ĴԣŪһС
㿴ûйѽҪ
̧ͷͼӸµȻĺ
ͦõġľȻ˵
ҾͷˣĿķӦ߰ɡ
߳ӵʱֻͷһǷǰţЩ񶾵ЦһҪÿ۱۶ˣǵҪطG޲Ҳͬһֻһֽϣڻ⿴һֲԾĳǰҪطGġ

øղʲôȥˣť»ϿϴӳЩԾ
񣬡һЦʲôԵ𣿡
ûʲôֻǺ簡ť»ҲһЦ
Ҵǰ̫ˣЩִť»ϵ֣Ҫ
ť»лһۣͿˣֺαعء
ôУϻӻеأĸ첲գأһյҲ̫ˣҲʹ㾢ôأ
˵кߡ
ţ˵ӣҲ˵䣬۸ͷˣ
ť»ϿһۣƵģαظ˼ƽء߰ɣȥҪ




69

69 ͩ ... 
 
 
ҾҪˣѩӣЦ˵һҲû᲻Ƶģ
᲻Ҳ߰ţ֣ȥԺʲô㣿
һȥæչҵĲ¥ˣѩӣ΢΢Щóܼ׬ǮҵܷܵȢ
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µģѩӣ°֪ͣļҿѾͷ
⻰ʲô˼۸Ƶġ
ǰͽﰾô껹֪ĳͷȻˣѩӣҡͷһͬѩͲ׵ûˡʵҶûܰ졪˵̾˿
û˵һ󱯰
ЩˡѩӣӻЦҪµ֪ʲôأ

񡪡һӵŮӽ
Ѿͷ֣ЦǺǵ˵ơһ˵£̧ͷø񿴿㡪
񣬡Ů̧ͷĸ밲顪
Ӵѩӣһ̲ס̾һ֪ʧæڿڡ
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ظ񣬡ŮӵͷСҽͩɤϸϸġ
ʲô
ն
ЩնС߶һ̧ͷи𣿡
ظŮûи磬ֻһ㡪
ȻйƵģеĵͷţãá

̫ȵˮֻһͿˣѩӣһˮһ涣ֽͩùҪɡǵ𣿡
ͩɵĵͷ
ԺŸ˯棻ҪһյƣŸҹҪáѩӣһһָš
ֻͩţ˵šסˡ֪ˡ֮⣬ԡʱĵͷ
ѩӣѲ鶼˵һ֮ЦŶ˵Ҳˣȥ˯ɡ
֮ͩЦŸѩӣ˵һ˵ô࣬˵Ŀ죬Ҳ˼Ҽǲǵס
˵Ŀ𣿡ѩӣĿֵͷЦҿǸˣôǲסأ
ˣ˼ôѲǰȻ조Ӵһ̾
Ŷ˵¶ѩӣҡͷЦҾѾͷէһĵмأ
ףôû
ôĳѩӣЦ˵ʵϸҲ񣬾ü֮䲻֪һôơѩӣһ٣ÿˣ
ޡƨҲôķ

㿴ѩӣְֵĽͩҪôáôá˵־ĵǵģ
аѩӣָÿһֻϸϸĸһ¹⣬һҪٽһҪ桪
ͩŶú档

ô硪طG㡪ַͩļͷ
ͩһ£ӣеˮ̡һڵϡ
үѩӣһЦҽͩôŪЩء
ŶطGſ˲ҲЩΣ̲ס࿴ۣʲô֣
үңͩĶҪѪˣҽͩ
طGͷģ
ţͩĵͷ
طĢ°ͣΪϸһͷҡҡͷ֣Цúøѩӣѧɡ
˵ˡ
ͩѩӣ
ͩһ£Ǻ
㿴ʲôأѩӣ̧ͷ˳Ŀ⿴ȥطGıӰ
ûûʲôͩѩӣٿǼɣ 

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ŶѽǸǱѾͷť»Ͽ˿ⲻѩӣҪȥ𡪡
ôЩƵģüѰ˼š
Щť»ҲһЦԿƣ
Ŷ˵أϸƣǱȲѾͷٵʲôƵġ
Ҳô˵أť»ϵͷЦֻͷһۿЩҪվһȫȥˡ
˭⣬ŪôһЦۻūǲ֪ҪֶЦſϰأ
ȣ˭ôţҲɺˣť»ЦҾõҲ˼ȴ룬֪үôΡ

ô˵ɲɣͩЦ㿴ѩӣһ첻֪ٷϻҪҿɲˣ
ͩǲֻһЦ
ôһˣѩӣպýô˵Цͩһţ

үƼǸͩ𣿡ť»طGһʵ
ˣطGҡͷЦϴˣ
Ҳ𣿡ť»Ͼе档
էһеطGüϸһȴȫô¶Զˣ

ƣôѱӹѩӣ
ðѩӣһֿһԵͩЦǿҾͷˣ
˼ҿɲǱǿһִͩһһ㿴˼ҡ˵һ泯ѩӣ
ѽѩӣţԼأˣ
һϸĶţЦʵ£˶ÿϧˣ
ҵϧʲôЦҲ̣
񣡡ͩȻЩĲˣõĸ
죬Ǹҵѽ
㣬˰ɣѩӣֻƵЦ
ǣĲáͩǺõģһ񣡡
ðɣӻͩ

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ѩӣޡһƽЦʲô˵ڵġĳ˵ȻԺԼ߼ͷʲôѴ¸˵ĳã᲻ģ֪𣿡
ţͩͷ
Ժ󣬸ͽչˣȻûûεģʵ˼ǺϸģպʲôѣͷŽŽˡ
ȣ˵ģҶסˡͩӦš

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ãͷ԰ӱǰƯˣ
ĸô
Цʰ㲻Ǹողż𣿡
޲ҲЦˣĸô
գգ۾ʰ꣬˵𣿡
ʲô˵ģôô˵һ档
ĸ罫ʵôɣŵӷʡ
һʵÿһôô˵
ʰ꣬ľ㵣ſƫֱԲĵҲʡҲϲʵۣ
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˵ȥüȻΪʲô㲻ϲʵۣ
ʰ꣬ſ֣Ҳ֪Ҹһֱȥˣ˭ʣµҲһӵĲǵ˻ʵۣܺ˵Ҳȵǡ
ӵЩ˼˵ô죿
תת飬ǺǵЦҪҵɡСŮӼңĺ˼ҹȥأ
üͷɿˣҪЦˣȻôѰġ
㲻ҪЦЩƵģ˵û𣿡
УСһЦһ˵˵
ҪҵأǾͶĨӺֻðؼİŰѴĺúõġ
㶮ôι𣿡̲סЦ
Ҳûϵѽɴ۾Ƕаʲô׵ˣֻּܰͳɡ
§ļЦסǺЩûôĹˡ
ȴһ̾˿

ϣôˣЪѽȫֻһεȴû˯⡣
һϣȻСӼЦһ¡̧ͷһ࣬ǲЩҪθܿˣ
˵ʣɷдʲô
ȫûߣ̧ͷŶͥǵ鷿ţҪ¸

أť»ȴƼӿš
ȥȥˡѩӣ˰Ҳ԰ӡ
ү˵𣿡
ѩӣЦү֪ү֣ŵĳ

磬طTֵǵ˵Ҫ¸˵
Ҫ˵ʲôطTЩЦʲôҪ¡
磬벻뵱ʵֻۣǶˣҲûˣѹ
طTһ˵Щʲôѽ
ͱˡüЩﰵﲻΪǬ幬ǰ𣿡
طTҡͷ㲻ҲŲϡǸأ
𣿡˺һҡͷһǲš
ΪǸλþôôطTЦһʰʵ۶һҲһǸλȥ̲εϻ٣Ҷ㶼ȥأ
ǡ
ǻʰ϶Ҫǰϻʣһ취ûаطT̾ʲôСûз£˵طTҡҡͷ̵һЦ
ǾŸʮǲϣܵ𣿡
ǵ뷨ĸҲô룬ƵҲò֣طT֪Ϊʲô˵Щһȫ˵ˣЩﻢˡ
Ȼ磬Ҫĸĵ˻ʵۣɱ𣿡
ȥġطTԴȻһЦ
硪Ȼվ֣ն˵ֻҪһ죬Ҿ㣡
طTһ㶣طG˵ĻãȻĵͷ룬պֻܿȫԼеˡ




70

70  ... 
 
 
طG鷿ţֶ˲裬ȴֻʣһڡ˶Ķȥˡüһ䡣
үʲô
طĢͷͩһ䡣
Ŷ裬طĢֻͷһۣǰһơ
꣬ͩ˲
ү衪ͩ²롣
طG±ʣǾøɵЩ
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ͩճڣطGǱһʧֽһᣬʱȲóطG½ϵҳЩʪˡ
²룬طGüһһէĵһ˵ȡá
ͩͷʰϵһ̲ˮͳҪ䦸·ϵˮգֲ֪֡
ԼɡطG½ϵˮɣ˳ҪϣȻ̧ͩͷЦˡ˵Žݹȥл㡪
áͩæ֣үŰɡֻһѡ
ҲǣطGͷͷҽʰɾٸɡ

𣿡ѩӣ
ʲô¶ʵ
Ǳ˵Ÿľﳭõġϴεֽˣ˵һֽ˲ԻһЩѩӣһֽݸ
ѩӣӹˣ̧ͷҸɣ˵תȥңһЦҼˣʣһ֣͵үˣȥǱҰɡ
ǾͲ鷳ˣѩӣһЦҸպûȥ·鷿˳үҪˣαָһˣ
ͷЦôʡˡ

үȡֽ˵үˣѩӣЦͷүҷˡ
ŶǸطG˵ŴԵһСһ
ѩӣӹҪȴƳһ죬ѩӣʱﷸֹһѣοҪأѩӣȻǸͩһµĿ

ѩӣ㡪ۿġ
ޱޡѩӣĨĨᣬʵԼҲЩ̲סҲҪؼ磬ֲȥŹأʲô
ǿЦһ£᲻ߡ
ѩӣҲ۾Ҫлݣ˵ҼҵĲ¥һҲ׬Ǯ
ţһһӣִнӹһСǸġ
ѩӣһӡ
ҲҪ
ţǿ͵ԤĲǮҪǽȥˣɲòȣ
ѩӣʹͷһϵİҧ촽Щѵĵҡˡ
߰ɡֲ۾
ѩӣתûϳȴۻ񡪡
ôˣ첽ȥס֡
ѩӣ˿󼸲վŵֹͩ˵պҲˣͷö˺£ԼҪСģ˵ֿһͩ
ЩԻȻһ£ס˵˵ͩ
ѩӣҲٶ˵ֻͷ˵֮ԼҪ۶ԶҪǵá֮ĲУ֮Ĳޡ˵ͷҲص˳

Ϊʲôôѽ֣ͩʲôúµ𣿡
ͩЦһЦûС
¸˵˵ɣ˵ԼԱһã
⡪
ӲôƵģҵ㼸˶֪أ
ǿʮģͩЦЦ
ףһСɴ۾ýҽ㣬˵
ôСͩæ֣Ǹ񣬹ͷйء
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Ƕ𣿡ͩȻ̧ͷʡ
ǡ룬̫ˣкЩû˵ʲô
ǡͩҧҧ촽ĸ𣿡
֪ΪʲôȻЩĻţּť»ǷպϰɡЦһĲ
ͩʲôȴߵĻȥ
ܸȤתԼĻ̻󡣡㲻ǡϲ˰ɣ
Ҫ˵ͩƴҡͷͨ졣
㣡ˡıӣЦͨͨ
񣡡ͩļˣ֣Ҫ
ǣҽҾ㡪ԴЦ
ҡͩСУ㡪


˭ͩſطGһ졣
˯𣿡طGĿƹ̽档
Ŷͩýûء
طGȴһ֣ѻͽȥɡ
֣ӦŽһ˽
ŸոﲻãһЩͩ⡣
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طGͷһЦ
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ҺˣʵڲԸطGģ̧ͷһǽϵİʣͩһЦ˵ллɡ
үͩطG۾Ļһ΢ȥû£ҲЪŰɡ
ͩӦһ

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ңôִĸģžӷ
ҪһͺˡͩƵ˵
˻⣬ҵĸҲİ 
ͩ㶵ģշգôأ

ѩˡһͩţ
ôۣȴֹĸһЩֲҹأ
ɣͩЦǺǵ˵һͷһμôѩأ
šڱ϶ȻʲôƵģͩ˵ž
ȥѽͩŶһСܡ
֨һһЦֱܵһ÷²ͣ˽Ų
תͩЦ㿴ҵĻĺòã
̧ͩͷϺĺ÷ЦЦΪ
ɱСأգգۣһ֦ϸĿǻԭ΢΢׵һȦ
ʲôƷ֣
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طGǺϰߵĶӵӡҪССðǰɵķŭĻҵӣһաϾҲǴˡ
ͩƵ߰
ͩ㶵ģô
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߳˺Զ̲ͩסͷطGվңǵıӰ

ʲôأඬ£ͩǶպãԱȻͣ֡
ôˣԼһ·㶡
ÿͩ̾š
𣿡Ǽ·óǰԡ˵Ž·ݵС
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ʰôˣطGҴҵ̤԰Ժдô˵
ֻǷ纮´˵޴󰭡ȫŶ˽ƣүֻһҪû̫ˡ
֪ˡطGͷ
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޾ܺãҡͷЩЦҲЩתղżûУ
طGͷ
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ʰ𣿡ڳĬ˺ܾúȻԵطG
֪طGųʲô֪ʲô

ү⼸æأӲˣϺť»źȲ˵
⼸ǷүҪȥʰҩڼһЩҲȻģť»ЦЦҲûˡ
Դû˸ߣһʲôҲֲѧڷ֪æЩʲôЦЦʱ˵仰
˵ҵȤ£ʲôƵ˵ͩСѾͷҷ˵÷ĺãЩſﻹкЩǻҪȥ˵ү鷿ļ֦һЦƽ￴үüë۾ģʱȴҲǵõš
ť»ȴףһЦԼ㣬ĳ˳أ

طGģƿҩ룬ҡͷһֱо仰˵
ʰ꣬طGҩ룬ڴ̧ͷĲõģʰʾ
˵Щڰ֣֪㲻ϲϰˣ֣̿æʾҪѻ꣬Ǹúӣô˵Ҳã޵ĶŮϣԺܿһЩ
ʰ꣬ˣطGæӦ
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˼޵ߣΪҲܹ֮飬ԼҪ£СȴҲޣľƢȻֲټޣŮӼܲһӶڹﰡ˵˵üպȻкʵѡһΪһޡ




71

71 Ǽ ... 
 
 
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𣿡ť»վͿطGЩƣ
Ϊիڼ䣬طGŮ죬ֻһͷֱ߽իȥˡ

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񡪡֣ܽ԰ӡ
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˵ͲˣǾľսͳ˻ˣ
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˵ţһѣ˳ȥ

ôͩƼطGһյĳֿĸ첲ʡ
ѽֲͩСĴһ£ɫһ󳱺졣
񡪡ͩٷֿطGıӰ֪ʲô¡




72

72 ϻ ... 
 
 
ĵ·ϣһֱԼĽż⣬ܸͩо۾ԹޡԴΪʵŲԾҪ¶ԼĿٽҲʧ̬ʱڶԼ´ʴӣ֪طG̬ȡû취ǿԼϲܹüȥ޲һӳطTѾұȫˣΪԼԵŲΪּ򵥵ԵʰѶԶԼ߰ɣš
طGֶֻ裬ýֲʱܳȥطTĺ£
Ҳԡ
ϷݵҲ̫ˣ΢ûбҪ
ôػصĺô죿
Բԡ
նĸԼ˵̧ͷǽϵĻ񣬰ͼЦ䵭𣿡
𣿡ԼҲԼ
ͷҡͷԼ˵ûۣûŴȫǸ˰ʣħݷֱʵ
վŸǵĴԣı׵Ļʰ꣬ȡ˱Ļλ
һնĴƵҰļҡ
ţһƬ֮н
Ʋ͢²ۣƲǷʵĻλᣬһ£
ζԭԲԡ

´ˣ͸𣿡ֿҩҩҪ뿪
û˵ݹҩֱĳ˵֪ʲôΣ鶼һˣպҪСģ
֪ˣһ£
üʮһʮ쾿ʲôĻôֻܸ㣬ʲô֪
ǡ
ְڰ֣Щһһ˵ͲҪȥѰˡֿ㱥ʷ飬᲻ҵ˼

ûСֹϵĴľѳۣµľʹ鲻¸÷ҲҪֻܻһʱ䣬һַʽδرڸá
˵ˡ
ҲҲ֪𣿡ЦЦҿ԰ֻǣϣʱ򣬲Ҫͬ⡪Ǻúǵ֮飬ٻȨǮɫǸǧЩסһ顣
˵ͷ

硪طTıӰܹȥס
ꡪطTתһԵɽʯЩƵģ̫ðˣһ֪ô죿
£ʵʹĵگһʱʱ䣬аյ˵ؽҶ˴ˣûɷ֡
ǵ¡طT̾ЦںúõģҾͷˣ˵ЦһЩˣû۸㡪
ңм˵´˵ˣĵλûȾҪԼˣǸҲûǸء˵طT磬Һþûˣֻңô˵˵Լ
ңطTƺһҲû䣬ھһ߰ļҹ֮һʵеһοҲãǻ÷𣿡
˵ҡͷԵĺ˯ĺûûвˣ
ҡطTЦˣ̫ˣĹҺܺã㿴ⲻǶǰأ
ְطTҡͷԣˡ
طTһ󷢻ţûУҪǽ촩ıˡ
˵۾Щ죬Ϊ˰ɣǲǱƵĺࣿ
طT˵˼һҺأϹġ
硪§ĲӣƼԼᡣ
طTﲻ֪ʲôζǵ׸һĿԼһİƸطGľͲںֺαðķأҲ֮ǰ̫ˣҪȥԼ۰ǿڿھһ׵ɼָ֮ʲôѾҪˣֻҪи飬ֻҪ͹ˡ
ڱ׷ԼҪĶ֮ȻӵеģѾˡ
ȻһԼûٹ˽ˣʲô

ţطTһЩ쿪첲İģûµġ

ʱǲã˵ʲôȥôҸŶҲ÷ġ
һģطT֣ĵĵڹҲҪСģǧȥ˵ҪãҪӲӲ
ҶĨһᣬ´˶̹ˣҲµġ

ͩԺ滨ݳ棬Цҿõ̬ԽԽˡ
ͩһ죬㲻ҪҵЦˣҸӱأ
ȴ⣬ЦҲ֪е鶼˳֣ԺҾٳһˣ
ҿҲˣ˵ͩһЦԽԽˡ

ҸϢ𣿡ҩţתҩСӡ
Ŷʥ̫ܴµĹ󳼣СףǸҩӳȷðգūŸˡ˵꣬СӾתˡ

ϣΪһ棬ͷ̫һҹҲ̫ť»ﲻֲ̣̫Ȱ˵һҧסͷ
ʲôʱ˵Ϊ˽ˣطG˵£߳ŭ㿴ǸʷѬ˴ĵط𣡣ǿҪҪˣȴѵ÷𣡡
Ϣŭǳ檶ˣť»ϼȰסҪ
ҿ¶һֳȥ
檲ңť»ϻæء
㣬طGŭ޻Ҫ㿴ס˹ūǣҪ˭Ҹһ֣ޣ޻
ť»ϷӦţ಻ԡ֪ΪʲôطG䣬ԽԽ׶ʵʴӡ

񣿡ͩʲôأ
ţһЦЦûʲôּһԵɣҲˡѾȥˣֻܷˡ
ͩͷ۾˵ҡ˵ͷһڷ
Ȼ˵Ļٿͩһһʽ̬飬ĵȷȷԽԽԼˡ
ȻʲôƵģΧļѾͷ̫ʹ˸ɫ˽Ի⣬ĵ£˷š
ͩǲһֱͦϲϵģЦʡ
ͩʧɫ¿ӣصͩңͩɣ
ֻһ䣬ŵģ
ͩĿͩãͩΪҪʲôУֻҪôΪˣ
ûΪ㣬ֻһѣǰҲôţôھˣ
ǻϣֻǸūţôִ治뷨
˵һЦ£˰Ƕٵ֮õģôܽд治أ
ͩĿƶǶĵͷ

عͷŷȸͻһĵţ׼ĹŮԺ»

ع˵𣿡ͷ̧ͷͩ
ҷԸȥˣͩΪʲôȻأƽÿ»룬֮ġ
ܲǲ˼ҵɡЦЦ

뵽Ҳǲװ޵㶼ϸطGԣЩ֮ϲ
ⲻ𣿡ЦЦǰЩӲˣԲ¶ֻµ˼ҵθڣϵڲֶһ٣ϲҰɣ
ôأ񵭵ĸ˵طGֻϲ
һ㣬طGϯ伸ȰˣɵĵͷܣطGòˡ
˷һܿ˵Ŀ⣬طG׽֣̽ġ
ȴֻǺȴûж
ϣ»һݵطGǰ
һ۾֪ͷƣѸٵļƽһ£˦طG֣ȥ
طGЩԾһַۣӡ
ʾ»¡طGļЦô
ƿ֣վЩƵ˵ûʲôˡúɡ˵תͷҲصľˡ
طGһȻԭǳԴˣͷһӿ

ϣҪȥ𣿡»ֵĿطGת˳Ǭ
һߣȥͨһɣԺ͵
ɫˣתϱ尡»
֪ˣĶôϻطGһۣ޴С˳޹ȥˣ

طGƿŵţ̽Ľһ
ûӦطGȻѾҹˣȴֻڴǰһյ̫ĵơңңֻһԹϿ顣
ôطG۾𣿡
ûȥֻһӰ
ˡطGԣЩƵʣΪ𣿡
Ҫߡ
طGȴͣӰΨһһյơ
طGǧ׮¶ͻĺڰòϢ
ǲ֪ţƴסĴ
ˡƵƣȴûӦ
طGʱƺ
ҪطGϵʱǳţ΢

طG̾һһϤϤգȻߣ䣬
ΰգ
طGˣһƬڰ˳ţšȻĸʲζĽϢеζ
ԭκǡ
һԼһ
ҹҪ׵׵ӵ
һҹ˶˺ǡԣҪһһģѻ˶ĿȫҽΡ
Ӵൽ⣬ת̽ȥ˱ţƷζµζ̰ԽԽֱʺֻоҵĴϢţΪıĽŪţϢԼУҧҧĴǱһҧ
ϢѾ΢΢̣ҲԽԽȡ
ںڰ΢΢һЦ⿪ڡȵĴӼ̽ȥ뿪ȫںڰҲõϸļ˿Ŀʳ
ϸݵǣطĢֽ⿪Լ
ܿ죬͸оطG̽ʵؿڡ
طGȴ̲ 
 72 ϻ ... 
 
 
·ļؿڣܸоԽ٣ԽԳ֡
ָ£¡
оһҵĲһʤУڱ°ţƣ޷ѡ
ǡ̾
ȵѾ֮ȻţҪģģȫȫӵ
ҹȵ̫ˣʹ
˱ļ򢵽СΨǿҵѹƲŲշת
Ҫ»ҪȼˣȻ
ϵĴȻȴº͵ȣԼѹȥ
šһʹֻлٻᣬܹܡ
ֱ߬۵֪ζʹġ
İͷգ滺ʹ𡪡ʡ

ĸοҲòܹܹʹࡣ
֫彻
ҧҲڲٿƣʹĽг
˲ﵽˡ
ѾԿأЩչղضĿҲЩҰȡ
ȻһʹҲԿأļͷһҧĺۼ
̴ٵһࡣ
Ӿҵһ鴤þƽļȫƵģƣĵ
ģ⶯˫Ĳ˱ţȻһ΢̡
СĿޡ
Ϊʹ
ĸ˳ӣ¡ޣް޵޵ȫ㡪һһૡ
ҪһУޣ㡪
ʲôûУȻҲˣ޲û㡪
Ĵ˵ޣֻҪ͹ˡҾ㣬
ӦңҪ뿪˵ţøԼӡ
ӦңӦңӦҡϢҪش
ԣᣬ㻹ǲϡ
ңҴӦϢ΢ĵ˵ͷ
ЩѣΣںڰб

֮󣬱೤һΡ治ľ˯ȥѾûһ˿һȵӣ˸ĺڰ

֪ãǿ۾㱼ҹƬΣ̿һѵΡæȴκůȻȻֻԼڴϣһҵ³
ȴȻƳ˴ϵһƬ졣
һƬ뱻죬·һ¶ȡҹһΡ
ǣ´Ь

ÿǺܺã𣿡ť»ϼ֪ʰ㣬֪ҹطGڳǬһޡ
ǰһЦһҹû˯
֪ʲô£һҹߣ̲סʣﻹһϣ
ŶǻʲôƵģЦ˵ͻһҹ塪ۡ
Ӯ𣿡ť»ϼǻеˣʲô
ǰĸĺòҡЦˡ
ť»ɫҰף˺þõ飬Ƿˡ




73

73  ... 
 
 
طGһĻ
߳ԷȴֻƼͩأ
һҹûū澲֪ȥˡ
˵ǻ𣿡طGȻּҹ߻ǴЦ ˣ
ˡͩؿͷ
ɣʲô
ūͩ˵ſ
طGЩͷ˵Щʲôأ
һҹδ顪ͩڵϿū澣ū澡
ʲôطGһһƬհףҹڣôһ޵ġ
Ͻū
㣿طGļҪε
ܣܣطGŭţץͩļҵҡţޣ㣡㣡
ϡͩ޵ū
޲ţһ㣡ǣ޿ЦɡطGҵţеӶ
ϣͩҡͷ޺ţ
˵ƭޣǲ㣬㣡طGҡͩӿ˵
ͩᳶ죬ϡ
طGͷͩϣϣؿڣܵĶԼҹǺۡ
طGֱҪˡ
ϣͩȥޡ
㣿طGݺݵƿޣҪɱ㣡
طG˵ŴԱߵϳһֻҪҹ
ͩ㣬ɫ԰׵Ŀ
㣡طGѲڵϣ̱Ŀһߡ

СطG˵к»޽糯ȡ
ͩȥˡ

ϣͥ̽ʵطGȫĲɣ˵ˡ
طGֱΣ˵ʲô
ͥЩΣ˵Ѿˣʾ¡
ŶطG֪Щʧ̬ӣޣ£ˣ֪㡪
ˣȸˡ
طG£ԼӣȴһֶȥһָͷǸŮÿһ缡ʸжεӡͷĲĳһҹĲȴͷֻһգ
׵׵һѣ
ҹЩ߲黰ᱸǣΪγϵɽ˺ġΪӴ˳ӵһҹȴһȫɵŮ˯һҹ
뵽طG͵һ飬һɻֱţۡһ£³һںѪ
ү»ĵʰϵѪǡ
طGš
ΪʲôҪΪʲôôԣ
طGʹĳһš
Լ˼ȫֻõһ˿ĻӦҲаΪʲôջȴ˶񶾵ı
ԽԽգԽԽߣ˵һǰһڣ˹ȥ

Ѿƽͣһҩ޴ˡ˵Žҩݸ»
ϣҩˣȷ˰ɣ»ڵȰ
޲ȣطGƿ޽
ϡ
ȥ


ȴڳǬ»ٹ
񣬻ϣϽš»ž͵
ĻһЩť»ЦһЦôڲҶȲˣ
˵ž˳

£һţطGͺһ
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޾ԲˣΪʲôҪޣطGЪ˹ĺе
ôһЦ֪𣿡
㣿طGҭ˵һ޴ǰǶԲס㣻Щ꾡ľĶãѵҲӶ𣿡
ǰ˵Ҹ̫һһҹĶҺð
㡪طG𾪵˵ǣôַޣ
㣿ЦҡͷҲŲһҹѣҸڴǰһҹҶѾˣ
طGϳûѪɫ
ô㻹ʲôҪ˵һߺ޵Ŀ
㣬㾿ҪôźáطGշŭε

ѵǵλŸ𣿡طG׷ıӰʵ
ðֻ᲻ã˵
ҡطGǿ֧ǰץһֻʣȴд֣ңطGҧһŰֽϸʺĴӡ
ֽȥǰôдôдɣ
תֽƮڵء
Ҳϡ߳ӡ
طGһ˷ڰԣʹļס

񡪡ͩͷؿͷóʡ
ͩܿˡ
񡪡ͩʹʧͩһɣͩˣ
ͩҶԲ㣬ҡ
񡪡ͩҡͷ޵㲻Ҫ˵ˣҶסͩĺãҪô㶼ãֻҡ˵ȥֳ
ȥ۽ǵỨģһһ֡Ҳװġ
ͩȴ·ûƵģǲϵᣬԸŮˣõһ˶ѣһҹٶҲȫһجΡߵһ̣ʧȥ

ϣ㿴ͩӦδá»СطGʾ
ʲôδãԭôڻôطGоͻðɣûнųնѾܿˣ
ϣôҲǱҹǸߵѾͷܲʿ²Ϲء
ôطGŭ壬о·ܵҪЮ
أθøһ֣СҲܹǸ
طGİŭðʥݵ޻ûаȻҪ֣
Ϣŭ»صǸŮӣ޶⣬ҶԻһƬϣȻܹΪˡܣ
ƨطGһ߹ȥҹ޲뿴㣡

طGݺݵ֡
㲻Ҫѿ㲻Ҫ͵طGҧã޾浽ס˭˭
»طGһ
ϣ»ϲŭ޳ĥû⣬֪Ҫʲô
ϸˣ˵ĺطGȥ׼޾ͩˡ
ϡ»һҲ̫ˣ˼ֱܡ
ʲôطGü˵꣡׼ļ⡣
ʻϣηţ
ˡطG۾һһ˵ˡ

պ󣬹̫͵ͩκϵŮٶگ飺
ˣʵگԻŮͩ˳ãׯᣬҶӺʹⴿżΪˣ;մˣ 
ͩľȻּлֻ̾һշΡ

񣬻ϲ¹ˣܹڽ˵
ŶƺǺܾȣʲô
ˡ
еĻһ£ˮóһЩתЦԺһˡ
ͩãŽһ͵Դֹš
Ľ𣿡ת
ңҡҡͷ붼롪ҿŸͦõģһЦ
ͩ̾˿

ϲãż죬ĸ糿ʺ밲ͩסЦ
Ｊ飡ͩæͷ
úαôԼҽãֻܽнˡ˵ϸϸĶЦùȻĹˣǺø
ȡЦˣͩҿ

ѾͷѻϲڳǬӲš޷޵ĵӻô
ûأҧ޺޵˺ڳһҹҪأ

ΪҰֵôһطTǵ
֣Цû£㿴ⲻǻúõ𣿡
ôôĵ£طT֣̾Ϣһ
ôǺأƽ˵̫һһҹ
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ҪܣҪܣ۾ˣҸ磬Ҳܽ
طTεᣬãǺá
Ȼ𣿡ĸϥǡ
ͲˣطTס֣ǿЦǴС򵽴ͷ㲻ʲô
硪ıطTޡ




74

74 ʼ ... 
 
 
ϣ³Բ԰ʽͼʾ¡
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ϣʱūŵƼȥ˶ɽҹɫԼһˡ
ˣطGȵ֪ˣ°ɡ
ĵȥطTˣ뷨һԴðͰһǺ֪֮꣬ǹȥҪסΪԼĸ綼ˡ
ѾƵÿ಻ԣ͸ǼԱ˺á
ԼҪǲ֪ݣҲĲݱ䵽ز
֮һ߹ôﶼǴһҲı䲻ڵĴ
ǲ֪Ϊʲô־档
طGҡͷ룬뵽ЩʹʲôҲȥӻָǰķţͷ֮С

ϡ»ͷǩ
طGֲáֻƳһۣطGһ¡ڲκŮˡĲ֮󣬱جΡ

ϣôҲЪһʱϾҪˡ»Ȱ
ŶЪŰɣ޲ǺţطGͷҲ̧ĵ
ϳɶѵҪȴȻȴðġվܹҪȥչͽ͵ĵȴ

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ƿӣˮĿɻУҶŨ
˼ӸߣҸղ˵ҪǴӶϿǸء
ŶͷЦЦֲýС򷽰͡˵ŷŻű̲Եˮ档
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ǰĸ첲ס涼ǸǽĳǬʲô˼˵΢΢˵á
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һϳԷϵɫһ
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ӦھȴΪʲôǴ۵ɫˮ롣
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ô죿һ£ôطT⣬Ժȫƿˡ
Ǿô׵ıˣġ

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طGֻĬĬԼĶϣ԰䡪
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ͩҵվԭأ

ˣطGסҪ¹ĳ֣ô
ط纮üոռҩֶθ취
طGȥ
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طG֣ȴƳһѪСϸҲ
֣طGȵô£
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ʲô
ø֮ǰ֮Żȥҩ

֮ǰҩʹŻ²ѣȶͷҲ̧˱ܣ
طG棬Ƶĵȴš
ϳʲôֺȻ
ûгʲôرĶѽȻŶֻġ
ƽҲЩûôҡͷ
Ŷð˷磬ֻЩŻˡ

׼зӦ̴ʵ
ҵ˺ܾòŵȵôʱĻᣬôʧ㣡΢΢һЦһ˫ԡ

Ѿްˣֳ棬ֻǻϡ
޻úտġطGͷ

ԼطGڴ߶ҩ롣
طGİҩݸԼԶԶԣҩӹҩ룬ȥ
Ժ󡪡طGֻͷ̲ס˵һ䣬Ҫ˵ҪȥطTˣֻ˵Ҫôȥ䣬Ҫ塣
˵ûˣԲôǿҪװʥ
طGﱻݺݵͱһ£ƼԼ˿ڣǿЦŮӼ첻Ҫô
ȻˣΪ𣿡Ƶģǰġ˵ڱ޵ĺġ
طG̾ϢһǲȻһʲôأ

㣬ɫôã˵û£ť»֣ͩﲻ
û£ͩ˵ҡҡͷͦõģǰ˻
̫ҽٿɣť»һԸ񣬡Ժд˽Ƿֵɡ
Ҳǵģ͸һһģū㲻ôţť»ֵ˶Ըӡ
Ｊ飡˼顪
ˣǿͩĲɣť»˵ÿӣгֿ԰
ֳһЦϲˣϲˣ
ť»Ц㿴˵Լû¡֪Ҫϵʲôʱ򣡡˵֣ϲð
ͩȴЦĻ
ôť»Щȣôˣ
ͩ˵ܲܣҪӡ
ť»һæ죬˵ʲôأ
ͩͷ޵ĸˡ
ť»º͵İοҪˣӣ֪˲֪жأΪһ׮أ

˵ôܣطG־ŭȵ㲻ҪΪΪԺоͿԵߵǷǻڰףٴĹͣſں˵һ԰㣡
¹ٲңֹߵףȷϲˡǧȷԳͷ֤
Ǿ͸޴طG˵
ϡ־㵵̧ͷ
û𣿣طG˵
ϣǿǻϵ׹Ⱑ𾪲ѣ֪ʲô
޲ϡ⣡طGĵĵô㵹ˣ
ֿͷѡ
ˣϽȥɣطGֵ
ȵȣ
ֿһֻ˻
ҪǸҸ˵֣ôʰ㣡




75

75  ... 
 
 
񣿡ͩȾһڡ
˵㲡ˣơе֣𣿡
ңͩʵ֪ôԽԽûа취ǰϲˡûС
ǾͺЦЦ㿴һ˵أ˵Ŵнҿһӣݵǰ
ҡͩŵһ˵ζȾһθץ졣
ôȵĿǰƬ𣿡
֪ͩθ˵ֻǾĵ
ʲô°ҡҡֱۡ
ˣҩԱС̫һҩ
ӹҩôộڵҩҺһЦðɡ
ͩͷ
סǸζЩϤζô֡˵Ŷһš
ⲻǻ𣿣ѿڶǰΪ˳ȥҹϵļ棬Ԫù̵Ļȥ
ǡȴҩܡ
ͩҲף
ѵˡ·Щ˵Ƶģϲˣ
ӳԾʲô˼
񣬻Ƕ̥ҩţϼҵʱھӼҵĹδУõľ
˭ô󵨡ʵȻԶ֡
ͩûҩҪȡ
ͩʲôæס
ҲҪӡֿͩޣҺɣˣ
ӵӣһʹԭΪŮˣǳȫ£ȴ˺޴У⸱ӡ
úӣҲίģվͳ˳ȥ

Ҫ׹֣㵽ǹǲܣƿطGͷһ䡣
طGһĲΪ˷纮ô˹Ͷ𣿡
ҡȻЩΣͩ
طG־üôˣ
Ĺ⣬Ҫ̥ҪӲ𣿣˵δҲ̫˰ɣ
ҺģطGȻǹĻĲ֪ЦҺĵеţ
ôǲˣš
ôطG
˭Ҫӣն˵ҾӦ˵ͷҲصĳš
طGһ˾̾˿ΪӣͿٲùҰǸҹ˺۾ͻȬȻһδе롣
Ϊʲôôѡ
ԸԼ־תֻκβСС
š

ʲôŭĿԲϲˣ⣬ⲻܣ
ūˣǧȷͷ
ˣŭɶԼϲ;زۣͩżȻҾУʹ

ϣͩոս⿪·ͿطGײ˽檲֪ϼ٣ˡͩŻŵѡ
طGһѳƵ˴ϡ
ûվطGһ˵յ
ڰطGֱĳ´Ĳϣһҧᡣ
˶ԵҪ޾ͺްɡ
ͩ
һѹֵš
طGֽŶЩֽһŮˣȻԼĲ̡
ıϢȴһƬ
ˮ
طGһɣ̱һߡ
Ȼһɿȣһ
ͩû
ص̾˿վ뿪
ȻȻһ˫ֻס
ϡͩطGеĸеľ
ͩˮĽ͸ļһƬ
ŮʵǵòӦѣܻģó˵ıġַʲôҪܵ˲̵ĳͷ
ǸجΰҹٻùʱİοůȴһʼǱȵģЩ´涼Ǹ˵ģ˹¿ʲôҲûС
طGתס
ֽ̧ͩ⿪ѡûзԡʵַͬԼʡ
ʪؿ𽥱濾Ļȡ
Ĵߡ彥
طGһʪ

ʲô
ʴԼ־𡪡ܣܾô
ƿ
ǣͿʹΪܻʲôأطGһʹľ
үͩʱ

طGתƵȹ׵ĴӺᴩ塣
ֱִķʽй޷Ž˺;ŭ
ôôɡں
ĥҪѪ޺ֻЩеԼΪԼܹƿأܹ
ȵͩʱֻʣһƬ䡣طGѲ֪ȥ

͸˵Ҫȥأ˵ʲôȻƼͩæЦ˵ôϲˣһûü˵ϲأ
ǹˡͩʱٰζӿ飡
ͩҾͱôЦ
ҲǸССĹˣôԽءͩͷ
ѽϳû˵йأҪýҲ󡪡и
ͩȴȻһ󷭽ôɽ˲õĵزĥȴʲôûеõ
񣬡Ȼ
ʲô¡
ү˵԰Ǳߵ괺ɫѾ޽ϣǰȥͼ
ô죿һЦ괺ɫʽͼϲһû뵽ôȫ޽깤ˡλֻʧˡ˵ţų뿪ˡ
Ͽģϱ˵ͩ۾ĹһϨˡһЦ֣ͩ߰ɣһӵĻ˵ء

ϣȥ𡪡»Թɫ˵
ȣطG̾Ϣһ˵ͷǱһ㣬ƵƵӲƵߵŮˡôϣܹףԼģŮһ𣬲԰ο˼ѡ

ôѩҪȥĶ»һ·СܸطG
ȵطG
ϣǵѩͣȥɣ»һһ߽ɡţΨѩʪطG
ƿȵĴţȻڿλǰ˶Ĺš
ʲôطGɫʵ
ɹţͷҲ̧ĶҲĶɥңϹʰʰҪԸһеʰ겻Ҫ𷣸硪
طGļʣû뵽ؾرȻĳ
ϣ»æȥסطGô
㣿طG߬ؿڣʹָ
ֻĿбӵĹλǰޱ顣
ūˣ˵ɣ»һطGһµ
ʰֻһˣҪ𷣸硪λƽ˵
ҪôطGʹĵĵҪ޵ڵԹΪ𣿡˵ƿ»͹һȡ
ϲɰ»˹طGϥһ氧񡪡˵仰ɣҪΪѻˣ
λ˸ͷûǸ½лΪǵڵ棬Ͽĸͷɡ˵Ҫ
طGʹļ׵һᵹڵϡ
»æȥһѲûпš
һۣͷˡðŴѩʧãã

ǺοأԽҩУϲѣʵ̫ίԼˣôѩɭɭķȵһ˸ôҶûа취ġ
ЦЦҲµģ˵žһҵĿԡ
˵û£ֲãŪþ֢ҩ䣬ٴ飬Ҳķӣ˵̾Ϊ£ʯ٣ֵð
ֻǲܸĿ˼ҶҸ硭.׵ĻᶼûСͷˮνҩŰ

ӣס߬ͩĵż
ͩɫ԰ף亹ܣѾʱˣ
̫ҽûа취ȾӰɣ
Ѿ취ˣӦԼϵĺ
ʵѾˣвΪѡ
ֻҪĥôһǻҲˡ
һľս찡
ô죿ô죿
ҧҧ
ۡ
ӣˣ黶ĺš
ӤޣͩЦһ£ʹȥ

񡪡ĵĽš
ʲôѽһе㲻
ˣ
ģ飬ϲʣС绹С񣿡
С磡֣˵ͩòã˵Ц
һ˾˹ˣõĽأЦ˵˼Ҿǻ
ȥ
ȥ𣿡ﻹЩ˼ɡ֮ǰҵĵʿ˵뺢Ӱֲϣ̿ˣʴͩڼ䣬һֱδ档
˼˵ǺδĺˣѾ˳˳ˣʲôأ

ÿɰӹеС磬Сĵıš
ӴҲأ߽һ£Ц
ЦЦС磬һͩϴ𣿡
ͩҡҡͷһֱ»֪ء
ԼʵĲˣͩģæЦŸ˵Ķĸ硪
ԲԣҾüë۾ĶˡЦ硣ͩҪС
ͩһ΢΢Цţһĸ׵Ժ㡣
ȴҧҧ촽¶һЦݡ
ơҲչȥֿ̧ͷͩЦҿ⺢ӵùá
˶һƵĿһۡͷٿͩɫȻһ䡣
úõĴͩʹˡ
żСģ˵ʲô˵ĻȴһһǸһ䡣
СȻʱĴ
ҲһѺӶ˹ȥ
оնԼĲ֪Ȥ뿪ˡ




76

76 ù ... 
 
 
磡Ӵ־ϲôˣ
ôôСġطTһĲô죡
㵣Ұ§ĲЦ㿴ҲǺúõ𣿡
طT⿪ĸ첲üҪ
磬ɿ˸첲֡
Ҳ̫ðʧˣαҪֵ췭ظأطTĵ˵
Ҳô۸粵ĻᶼûаЩҲӲ
ⲻܣطTһƿ֡
磿ȻЩ
Ժ͢ĲٲˡطTЩε˵Ҳ£ҲҲ
Ҹ簡
β˵˼䣬طTһ٣һʲôѵҪ߱𣡡
ҪôȦġ
طTЩͷֻúõģҪΪʲôɵˡ
硪ͷˣ㲻ҪҾͲˡҶġ

ˣطGطTһۣ۾ȼűĻ档
طTͷ
ܺðɣطGݺݵһۣûٸͷɣ
ϡ֣̿طTͷ
㻹֣̿طGŭ㲻ǵ޻ôǣһνʲô
ϣطT㵵Ŀ
ô㻹л˵
طT
طGһ޷ʲôɣ
ϣ
ھ͸㣡޲ᶯһָͷطGֵĸ㣬޲ᣡطGһ٣ڣ㻹Ҫô
֪ˡطTߵ׳صĴӦš

ˡСӾ㵵Ŀųֽֽ¯ٻɻҽ
ֿһۣ࣬Ը̾ҲΪˡ

ˣôųҪֲ˵
ֻֿҡҡͷ
Щʧ䣬û

˯𣿡ϾطTѶԳ
㲻ùңЪŰɡطTطGĻѾƵˣٽô죬ûһͷײŴ⣬βᶪһˣȴһҲܡܸ˷׷ŵ̫̣࣬ڹôطGôԵȥֶ˭кôءóû취ԭϣطGԼô죬ȥҪĥʲôʱ򰡡
طT̾££ô죬ô죿

ÿƿ»Ҫȥ
ͱˣ»ȰæһѾˣڻдӣǿȥЪŰɣ
ҲܣҽȥᣬӲҪȥ
»طGף
»εÿ񡪡
ֱӿȥطGվӣݺƣǿЦЦôû˯ʲôҪ²˵𣿡
Ҹôˣ˵Ȧе죬ΪʲôҼ˵ҲЩʡ
طGľƣΪԸһ㰲οȴһݿա
ˣȥϢɣ޻кЩ顪طĢļ硣
һ㣡طGһ򡣺»Ҫһƿ£
ǣ޸ﲻҪߺõĺܣطGһЩŭˡ
Ϊʲôƾʲô۾˵
ΪʲôطG߽ЩߣΪʲô
ȻɵЩ𣬲š
ƽţƵǽ󴥵Ķ౦Ѿû˱ˡ
ޡ޾͸ΪʲôطGıǼ⼸ĶͷĿĶ޾ǿã޿ﲻʹ죬ޡ˵ţ̧ʹ򢣬޵ݲġ
ǽţʵ֪˼ΪԼ⣬һжٵˡ
ӣƿҧҺ㣡˵žͶ·ӡ
طGסʵʵڻ첲յļ
֣Χͷݺݵҧ
طG·֪һ㣬ĸƾҧϺɫۡ
Ҫô𣿣طG´ŵ飬޺
طGɿһЩؿı䣬૵ޣټ
Ҳԥľܾ
޾ҪطGݺݵĽѹԼ߱һһ˵
㲻ܣͷ޵ĺÿࡣ
ֻҪӦޡطGȵıϢůĶ󣬡ͳ·ǰ
ţһ΢ĵͷȴСϪˮһʪ䡣
طĢҪᣬݺݵƿܵˡ
ϡƼܳȥ»ɻĿطG
طG̾ϸһҵЦݡĲ룬Ȼߵһֶαӣͷжһ﷢ô죿ʲôҪʹʹĿŲסˣǷŲ֣ӰԸӺҹԽĥʹԽҪõ¶ΪʲôΪʲô߬ס˵ģ
ϣȥĶЪ»
طGҡҡͷȥսµӶȡա

񡪡ߣĿ
յᣬ֣û𣿲Ұɡ
㲻ǲѧǸİɡ̼ǵõ˵ΪѧԹ̫ˡ
ЦͲ˵Ļˡ

Ը¶𣿡һŲһʵ
Ļū澶סˣ֤׵ģӦ
ǾͺãͶµūţһʾһǮġ
лͷ
°ˣȻиʹ͸㡪̧ͷһЦȥɡ

Ķϲť»ϱŸЦŸ˵
һˣ֪ͩӭʼնٽӽС硣
ǰԽԽпˣᶺЦ֪ôεأ
ѽѽ֧ţ·ҪӦ
ƣҪ˵أť»תطGϣ㿴Ҫ˵أһ涺аꡪ
ѽźĵ
Ҷ־ϲĻ˵أطGҲЩһֱҲһЦ⡣
Ҳ˵Žӹť»еĸЦŶٽһ͵ġ
ֺĺһ
ǺáطGЦ»͡ȻҪ˵˵ˣ
ҶЦˡ
طGһԵͩһۣˡ
ͩЩܳæ񣬡檺εºܣŻϵĸ󡪡
ЦŽӹطGеĸߵǰЦйùá
գգ۾ûڣЦйáá
ڳݲĺͷͷҶЦҲЦЦ۵С֡
ֽͩӹЦıɺЦһ
ŤϣЩã
жͩĸĦ죬ж
ϣֻͷͩʼղϿڡ
ͩЩΣһ߷Ľ֡
Щţ˿Χֻĺ
һһҪ̧ͷȻΧ˱鶼Щ͡
Ψϴ䲻ЦǹùãǶ
Ȼֻǲϵظ
ͷҧ촽ûϵˣʤ
طGĿȻ̧ͷҲܸо
㿪ʹһͩͩ޵Ŀݺݵһۡһ
ȡť»һЦӻСǾͲҪΪˡ֡˵Ž豧˸

񡪡ĨĨ۾Ҫٵȥˡ˵Űס֡
ãͷ̾Ϣš
û뵽ô顪סӣ̧ͷΪ𡪡
ҡͷᣬЦǡɣҸ˵ӡ
֣ﲻˣٸ˵ӵһ顪磬ǻǲҪѧˡ
ս֣ŵĵȹϡ

ңҸô졪ٰͼĻǰѾˣô졪
ͼֻЦţ
ĸĦŰͼӣ૵ΪʲôߡˣʲôҲõģʲôҲûˡ
ʡŻϥͷ

ءطGһ͹ȴƼǽߣӣŰͼĻ
϶ĺüֻƺֻǿյģһֻᵹţϻžա
񡪡»
طGӻ֣Сߵߣӣᣡ
ϡˮƼطGæ¹
ôиطGŭѵͲ֪Ȱ𣿡
Լڷǽȥߵ׵ū֪
طGûΣ̾˿ֿϵת߳˷䡣





77

77 ı ... 
 
 
񣿣һֽʼղš
˰ɣͷҲû̧źĲ⣬Ȼʲôأ˵£죬ˡ
ͷҿ¯ĸӡ
ȵȡطGһѾȼŵּ㣬һѾս

ϾƮͥϸꡣ
ӺӺʺ곤ơ

ǰѾս֡
طG΢΢üٿһţ

ҹ꣬
©Ƶƽ
ˮһθ
·ƵⲻС

еֽҳ΢΢
ϡ»סطG֣ĵĵˡ
طGžԼղΪָֽⱻˣڼʹ
طGͷתص鷿гա

ҩޣطGѲִʣ꼱٣ڴ£طGŴˮԣ絶ʡ

·ƵⲻС
ⲻС
С

Ҳʹˡ

ֻʹȴΪűˡԼֺǸˡ
ŵֽϣīˮã

طGӹеľƺͷʾ¡
ڴǰ߬žƱŴ£
طGѾƺϡ
ͷ̧ƺҪࡣ
طGȴţȡƱϣһ㣬ܲ˵ġ
ʵؿһۣƱһ
ҪϣطGȴӹƱԼϣһҲҺһա
ֻǿžƱоƽһӡ
һһ֪ƺһա

طGҪߣȴһ
áŴҪߡ
ȴվȣۿҪԣطGһѱ
Я򴲱ߡ
طGȴ§ļ硣
طGû⣬Ʒ·ȵԽ࣬ԽʹԽ⿪֣طGչ
Ȼӡ

ȵĺḧࡣ
һҷסĵ׵ɧֻƿ
ڲģִսԥ
ʹ𡪡ḧĲ
طGһ㶡
૵ûµġҩͲʹˡ
ָĸĦĺԡ
ˡ
סָϵʹˣһ㶼ʹĸֱ
ãǡȥԭ˵ţȥ˳˯
طGԣ¡

ط·⣬Ȼº֣ôת·̫£סλӣ
ʮүҡͷūҲ֪ﲢûλӳס
ߣȥơط˵žʹ󲽹ȥ

عطЩԾ㲻ǰȥ򷽰𣿡
ʮĸ硪ҲЩ⣬վôҲ
طЦһЦġôĺǹ߳ġѾԹ?
õѾأѾðЩԳһЦòãʮĸ翴Цˣ
ҿã̫ˡ
ʮүŸĸ˵ģһ߲
񣡡ͷһۣæĺܣģ
ҪġطҡͷЦʲôæģҾͰӸһİա
ʮĸˡ׵ݸ
ط˿Ҹĺ˾ͽ
ͷмĹǣһš

ǡƼطжһ֧
ʮﲻһ𣿡طһЦǾͼϷΡ
һЦʮĸ컨ң쵱ˣ
֮ҲţҸ֪ҲǸطĵ˵л˵һա
һգطGЦЦ֮ǰˣ
಻ߵѣ㻹Զҡͷ
ףطȻƳϵһֽǼǵסǡ
ŶæЩ˼ûʲô
ȵȡطչϸϸĶţͷһ֧
Ǹǵġɢ˲Ӳ
ɢطЩȣʧ𣿡
ǸԼ׵ģ񲻹Ŀ⾯棬ֻ˵֪ϲɢأ
ط̧ͷĿ·˵𡪡

ǡɢֻõδغء
̧ͷطֿһӣҿ׵Ĳҽٰա
û˵طЦˣ㲻ǲѧɣطЦҽ̵Ĳã
ֻѧѧõģæôӽ̵Ĳأ
ǾͺˣطڳͷЦʹΣ

ôüطG·⣬Ȼʺ»
ػϣūڴ˲٣Ǹ
طGЩɻһ·ԼƼˮ֮м

ǹǸطʾҪƽָ
ԡҪֻҪչطļ磬Ҫоᴩֱָ⡪
ϼݵ䲻»ߺһ䣬˶һ
ʶ_밲ط¹
ع밲һȱ㱻طGס˱⡣
˰գطGϵЦԵĲȻλڴ˵հ
Ҳ¡طпЩ£
𣡡طGȵл㣡˵Ҫߡ
ҪûҪ£볼һٴߡططGĽƣ档
طGԼķŭߣ

ǲǵԼʲôݣʦѵû̹Ůܲ𣡡طGʵ
ɵĿ·ڿһҵˡ˵ʲô
ˣ𣿣طGԼĴ⡣
ʮĸֻǽѧٶѡЦˣ֪ΪʲôطGΪҲ񾭹
ǰطGҲЦôְֵĽ̡˵߹ס֣㲻ϲ𣿡
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Ƿˣò۹⿴Ҹ簡
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Ƿģպաص˵
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ҪʲôطG־ŭŭ̱Ȼʵ
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ϣ˵ֱεĿҪϣѪѾֹסˡ
طG·ûƵģǾ̵֪롣
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طGֻǳ̾һȻУ֪ϲǱ




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78 Ϊ ... 
 
 
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طɡطGս֣ҪŰɣޡ

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طGãҳᣬˣ͢ȶʮ޺ݺݵĴ򡪡

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ҡطGɫЩס
ֵֵð΢΢ĲΪңֵ𣿣
طG˵
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طGĿ΢΢ʹƫͷٿ۾
Ͳ᣻ֵ벻ֵҲѣֲȥطG
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طG𾪵Ŀԭ֪ˡ
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ﷸɵţɵţ߬½󣬡Ҳֵġ
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ҲԸ⣡Ȼƿһӳߡ
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Ӿˣ˿ڻᵭһ㣬Ҳδȫʡҩûɡ
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Ҫ˼룬Ҫ˼˭һ仰˵ģ
ҾǷ˼̫ࡪ˵˵磬ͼٵͩСҧס´˵֣Ǳ޴ȴҵԵʣһ޶١
ϣԼأҡͷͷ𰡣ȰţȻͷһת˵ѧˣ
ΪЩҲδػڵӡɪɪˮ
˲ɱֻ̫֮л˵ʱ˽ˣ·ߡ
ˣı⣬Щ㵣Ȼܹµ˼
ǽµͷĶⳤģǲҪģֺαطҪء
˵ʰҩǣһԭؾþõķ㶡

Ѿˣ˯һɣĻȰ
ûӦֻ΢Ȼӣ´Žž˳ȥ
Ҫȥѽ׷ںһ·

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طGľȻ֣һ죬ֱֻ
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طGĲֻ֪ƴҪãҪܹԼʹ࣬ƺҲĿǹ
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ˣõůΪĸоԸ⸶һУ֪еһ˪̰͵һУĸԸ̶أԼ֮ϵȪ֮£úЦա

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طGЩڵˡ
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֪ˣֻܽش̣طGֻ֪ͣˣһأԼܲͦùȥ

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طGҲЩˣ£֮ټǰա

͢񰡣طGüͷѾƵзˣôģһףôҪ𣡡
ϣֻҪģ׶ĺǣͥж֪ǹ֮ˣϴε͢ȻϣȴҲǴһɳǸôšţֻ¡
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ϣԹνԿη
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ϣ廹ϵˡͥ
˵طG˵һȻ򣬡֪ˡ

㣬˵ĿǾʲôʱ뿪΢ԫطGʰ׽
֪˵ĿҲ˵ǣٻҪ²뿪еλá׽׵Ϊʲô𣿡
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ϣʵ¹ְڣˣ¹ʵߵл
޲Ҫ˵仰ûҪʲôݵ£ĥʲôطGǲ˵ҲΪĲ룬޾ˮҲǰ׷
ϣռȰãֻӦʣֻٹһʾ
ıɣ㰮Ϸȫף޲ܣֻҪ˵һ仰ͺá

ϣѳ΢ԫָֻտɳںϸĹڣɢʱչ
طGáֻδڣվָϴǽͣһϣΪκȻĿڣĺڣ
ǳԸĿڣȷʵˡ˵ź֣ţ¹̨ͬ״ƽϡ
طGˣЩľһҪ¶𣡡£ЩͲҪټƽˣ
Ϊ͢٣ԷʵѵǴ£ȥη˵ų̋ȥ
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òͣһʲô¶طG»ҴҴ 
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ϣִΪԼ֮ȰҲð»µū
ˣ˵ЩûõģطGŵô
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㡪طGڵУƽһθоΪһ˾ΪѡΣ޲̧߰ͷǺչÿӼͨϢ

ĸ磬طƼطGרעдʲôЦʵˮָտɳ㵹ڽ
𣬱չֻֻֽ֡

Ϊѡ





79

79 ӱ ... 
 
 
ȥһô졪ʵ
۾ǸӶѣҪĶûء
ǵ˵һѹ
ָ׵С籧ˣ
ƣЦһЦѸڻ

ϼʱؾŦ»򷽰ź˵ȻƼ𼱴Ҵҽ֪طGϢæʵ
Լ͵ˣͷпһЦ˵ˣвͲȥӭˡ
Ŧ»Ͽ˿ȴһûпԡ

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ˣŦ»̾ϢǷŲʵôء
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Ҳôһ˵Ŧ»ҡͷǵȻϻٿ٣ҿѾͷҲǺӣҲ
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𼤶㣬Ŧ»æҶǴԣ棬СԼɣҲ֪ѾͷͷЩƣֻҲֲӦЩ
㣬̾ϢȻϻˣλͩɡ
ȣҾ

أطG˳һ·ǵ򷽰
Щ»ŵǻƽ𣿸ģ
طGһ֣㻹𣿡
ϣЩȣû뵽طG糾͵ľֻΪ˿ԼòãطGƵ񣬡Һܺá˵ʿԼ֣ͻϼǹˡ
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طGڻ۵˵£ҹҹģ޲֪¡
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ŶޡطG֣㲻Ǻϲ⺢𣿡
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Ҫس֣Ҳܣ
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˵ˣطGն˵ô˵˭˺㣬޾ģ
̾ţҪˣԼӶŮ͵Ϊ㣬Ϊ˺ǣ㲻
ΪʲôطGЩߵ˵ڲΪǣֻΪ㣡
֪Ҳˣ㲻Щ֣ŹҰաˡ
طĢֲ˵ȥȴҲ۾ȥƼ⡣

һֱ𣿡ť»ſһۣͩԺž ҲǴСūǰӵģҲ̫ˡ
ﰡֲͷһؽϽǣ⹬ͷ¶𣡡ߵС̫෶̾Ϣӷ£ˣȻǰǽͷݶĵطȥˡ
ҽȥƣť»ǰƿţƼͩһǰ㶡
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ͩβ̧ͷһť»ϣŵ¹һѣҲûи
㣬ôݵˣť»æҡͷۿˣôֻмءֻ˱һۣЩѵǰ׳Է𣿡
㲻ǣްġͩˡֻæ˵һ仰
ť»£ѵĸҲ̫
Ҳ̸ҲūŹģ֪ҲףΪԼһһڷԡҲûôˡ 
仰ť»Ͽһ۷ˣ˼лرܣ֣ľֻ𣿡
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Ŷûûʲôť»ǿЦֵģС£һĵġ

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ֻǺȻµĺܡť»ϺȻҡͷһΣһأǲǣֵˡ
죬οԼԼôܸأүô꣬үߵһ׵ˣʶ壬кСٳ
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ť»ϳ̾һǿ˵ͷ

ôܾûƼСˡָŴŪ̾æĶûУ
ҲСˣҲеæģҲС̫ǽİѻŲ·
ףѽҼǵǰ컹ƼİˡʲôƵģƼҾͺˣҡͷЦǣ˲һˡ
ѲСǶ㡪գգۣ
ޣ˵ܵȵ˼Ϊɶġôͷˣ
һһķһѵõĿģȻҲôȻζ޿

ùãùá
ҹˣȻôһ󼱴ٵ
˭ôˡ£Ҫš
ܽйùõĻмҲ϶
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ô£Ŀ·ʲô޴ݵ
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ܵø㾿ʲô¶
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ðɡЩε˵ˡת˯Ĵڸ

̫ˣطGһ͸¿ӣ̧ͷü˭ҹܵģ
ϡϢŭ尢Ҳǵѡ
ʲôǵѣǽڣ˶һģΪʲô⣡طG
ϣͷɡϹӱϾСһЩЩ²رƵô
µˣ޲Ǿ¡⺢ӴСɢˣǨ޿ҪãطGĿ磬ûƼ΢΢һ˿Ц

ùü飡԰ڶ㲻ͷ밲һ̡
Щûˣæ˰ɡı⣬ЦЦɫء֪㰢겻ϷɣֻǱ̫Լˡ
ùáĸˣùö֪ˣ
?һ£һЦŶҲǴˣȻҪѧôιƽ¿
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ңʵǡȵĶҪˣùãҲǰɫˡ
ɫȻЩͷˣʲôɫ
ǣǶǼ㡪֧֧ĵǡ
ֻ㶵Ŀ
Ǹҷҡ˵ȥ̧ͷһݵί
ڷ㶣һԵܺȻˣʱˣǱߵء
ͷǣںİա

˵úõģҸŪĻ˵Ĳ׵ģҹһϴһ汧Թܡ
˼Ҷˣ㻹׷ģ̫˰գ
ʲôɾģգգ۾˵ʲôˣ
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ССһ£ʲôþģҲƽ
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ˣȻպҹﾪʧܵԼĿͬһ°ɡ
ùáһٵö
أܲԹɫʡ
ԥһԹȥţ
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һ񣬾ȫˣɫһ󷢰ס
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Ҳܡֻǿ֪ҲҪùãҲʰ磡
ôֻǰùŪΪѣܲһµĻͲðԼ۵
ҡʱ
ʲôңܳû 
 79 ӱ ... 
 
 
ѵڸһҪĹȥϽʲôӺ
ܣֵ˵û˵Ҳ̫ˡ
ôҽĲ𣿡ܹⲻ
ã֪ˣҧҧ촽תͷҲص뿪ˡ

㲻ñⲻҪȥӲ𣡡
ȥܵһ죿ܵҪ飬ѵҪڶҹҹɣ
ܣЩŭ˵ҪСģ
˵𣿣ܵȻ˵ ôȥѵ鲻ᷢ𣿡
ĬˡѾ쵽˺ĸӵĽơ
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һطGѾһˣڣƺҲˡ
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ĴľһաûĲƽ˾ǿʯӺǣÿһȦ˶ڲԺյļ壬ŮŮٶΧƣգʹ

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80

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Ҳȥ˵ѵҪȥ˵𣿡ť»̾ϢֵͷĲΪѡ
µ㻹ôաжûȥٹˣҲ̾Ĳ֪ôȰ㣻ôãΪʲôǿһ顯֣
ΪҲȰҲûȰҪԹۣű˺ǣҵˣť»̧ͷЩۣ㲻ҪȥԣҵҲӦҪһ
Ǻοأφֿ֪ԻҪֵΪĿԸ͵𣿡
ҹ˲ôˣֻܾΪġť»ƿϵ֣Ҫߡ
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Ŷ˵岻ʦ׼˼ҪѧɵĹť»ϵĸ첲ͷϺöູ˵̧ʦҽŶҵĹٹˣͻ鷿ͺá
ť»Ͽ˹һۣȫˡ
㲻ΪԼҲҪա˵
ť»ϰ̾һͷԭÿһԼں˶ԳΪǣԳΪ˳Ĺߡʹһ顱֣ɼ

ǬǱ߻ûж𣿡ϲŲ裬ʳ
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ܺá΢ЦҶѾͷĶʲô紵ݶģ
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ҾͶģһЦͩǸѾͷͷϲȹȥһûüأϽع֪ԹرҲһػܽõ
Ȼ㣡˶Це

ȥ׷ոպһôҲϴ멵ġ˵һڡ
ȥգһ˯õһȥ֣Ҫ̽ͷ̽Եģ᣻ֻܹϴӣϨϢ
񡪡ܾлҪʲôѽ
ˣһЦȥգϵģ䣬㴩٣Ķִң
̾㲻˵ҲʣܹԼСĺǡ

ֵҹ壬ȻѲ̫һ··ߵĵƻҲԻͣʼվúˣǶŵʱ򣬷·Ҳ߲ͷƵء
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磿־ϲô
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Ҳֲ֪ܰΪҡʲôûˣѾ࣬ûټƽԼĵʧˣᶨĵ
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ֻҪϹ۾ͺãȥҡ㶵ģطTЦЦº͵裬ֻ֪֪ãҲܺá
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鷿ϿҲòˣͷġ졯͸ˮ֡ôѵ𣿡
ôᣡطTɫʱһ䣬ֵıԼܺרõģ֪֤ݣô򵥡
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ǰı㶼𣿡طTطTЩõıһֱͷȻ˹£ôֱ룡
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硪еţ𣿡
طT߬ļһһ˵סֻҪãҾͺá
ҧ촽ͷҼסˡ磬㣬ҲСģ

ϣʱˣôȽһɣ»Ȱ
ٵȵȣطGͷҲ̧⻹һء
̧ͷһ棬˯𣿡
񣬻ûлء»˵ţȻ汨š
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ԵɣˣҲýأطGº͵Ȱˡ
Χһۣ»֪Ȥ¡طGʵõҵô
Ŷ޵ӱҪģطGЩο
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ҪǱߵ¡طGһЦӦ㲻òġ
Ҫ̽̽Ŀڷ磬֪˭ҪݺطTطGȴû¶˼Ҳڲȥ

᲻Ӻŵķ磬ǵϵףطK˸㿴أ
֪Բ󡪡طTҡҡͷӻճڴ̣ݣϲ鳭̰λġڳѾ٣ͷ۵ģڶ֡
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ҵĵǣڹطTüͷøˣҶô֣֪һ١
 
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طT̾ϢϣûС֣ҲûôףֻҪǲͺá





81

81 ıУ ... 
 
 
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Ҫģ˵Ҫȥ
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ɿһۣͷĲɷǷūŲһС
кѣʵʵ˵ˡϵͷֻ˵ҵıΣ
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ֽԵ͸ˮ֡족
ּ㣡̲סСѿڶָæڿڡ
ôᣡ𾪲һ㡣

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ðɣüҪͽһ˰ɡ
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ҽˣСˣӦзִ硪طT˵ʵԼҲȷ֪ǸԹرӣһȳʲôֻҪһ׮ꡣ

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˭㶯ЩˣͩѿˤڵϣŭһֻŻһֽ˵ٴ˲ģ
ҲǹġЩίС桰ֽʲô˵ģ
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ôϵʱءҢڳһ˼ѲҲЩżҪòܻ
߲ã˵ҪȥݼۣճʱǼʱôҲҪһʱŻصٰ꣬ٵһɡѾͷϲ
ҲֻˡҢڷⲽַһ飬ȴһż㣬Ǿ£Ҫϸ棬ȴȻǰЩӽܼδأ£ͽīҲáţīӱ

磿ϽžЦôòҰɣ
ôᣡҢЦݣƼɫãĿԷˡ
ȻǺܺáЦЦλ˳Ҫ⵱Ĳǡ
İɣүôףֻܹ˺ùˡҢѹͷԸ˰ɣү𣿡
ɫһ仯ȻܿЦҲү¡㿴ѵ˰ڲ𣿡
֮öһϵģһپ٣һ𣬴ұ˴ҪΪ֮Ңп
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ϱ߿Ҫ¡طKϻϣܼжˣ
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µˣұһʮ˵ƷסطKͷһؿҪˡ
ĹģطTЩص˵ôƲϵˣ 
 81 ıУ ... 
 
 
ѵĿĿسһݸ߲ܣ
ɽ𣿡ط˵ܹҪԭΪʲôȻͱ˷ˣ
˲ܼҽ֪ˣطKЦףôԶˣ
ѾͷⲽǲҲöһˣط̽طT
򲻵ѣطTص̾ϣòҪߵһ





82

82 ı£ ... 
 
 
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ڵķô꣬ҶϤ˽·ʳʳɢζʲôûа취ڵģǳǳһЦûøʲ𣿡
񣡡ߵʹġķﳣ궼øʲݣ˼ƣԼڻǡ۽ʲôɶǣ
Цݣֻ֪㾿˭ˣ
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ظĻáֻǵǸһ仰ֻ½Ҳվ˵׵ʲôԸ¹ٶȻ౨
ҵҪ˰æЦݣ¹ŷĴСĿ뷳ҲһһڣûһӶùʹ
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ܼ֮磬취ֹּͨ롣

ϣˣ»˻ڹֻǡ
ֻʲôطGüͷ
ֻǿҪ졪»һ£Ͷ
طGͷһ̧ͷ޶ˣжˣ


Ҫ׼δʱһˣŰ壬ɣסƵִ˳ųȥ֮Ҫԭ·β͡ɵͷӻͳһֻСƿӣŽֽҸ磻·⣬ͰƿӴ飬Ȼ٣֮һ䵽𣿡
ףɹµʲôԸ
ûʲôһҪȵδʱ֮һᾡ취ʱ֧Լ·һСġ

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ʲôطGһۣʲôòõģл˵
ǬߡˮˣС״ε˵桪
ʣطGİּŭ˾Ȼ𣡡˵̧Ⱦߣȥһˣ
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֪ʱɴѾƽˣͣ¿ֻĿطGΪղʪˮܺԵʻǲסɪɪ
޻ĵòãطGҿϵޱֻŵ£ŽţţطGۣǡѱĿȴɣ֪֮ܵ󣬾Ĵ㣻ֻǶԸһ˵ˣҪ֮͸߽˭ʤ˭ܣľΪˡ

ȻطTһ¯ٻ٣һüͷ
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ٻ߬ŽϵİѱطTЩص˵ڲ֪ҢƵΣܼһ򱻻ʰˣͶǲȨ֮ƣܹҢ·ĵ֦ӣֻδؿϳǵ¡
ϿǵӪ̣ôøǹūŲɣطK޺޵˵
˵ã϶Уܿ϶鲻ĵ˼ǾͻءطT룬ܼҲʡ͵ĵƣҢ̰ԴĿ޷ͣҪȡǲῴ峯ķ򡪡ҴǴ˺תȡ
ߣĵطЦ
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ȡͷȻҪ棬Ҳܰװױ 
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طTŲ裬ŵʮܣĴҢϳҶˣҲҪİѱźú㵽ף

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طGһ𣬳һ£ҵķա·ȫ޾ƵģһֲԤУʲô˵壬һǿҵĸӦ̡

˭ҲūĲ֪˭ȥġѾͷǹһأ죡
˵ǣ˭˵ΪʲôĪһţūţƽպǣǾȻȫǡ˵Ž̨ӣˤ˸顣
ҼˡȻʲôƵģڵʱ˵īд᲻ǡ
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طGʱðɣ޽˵ֿȻɫҰף
ôۿҡҡ׹ӣطGһ֫
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83

83  ... 
 
 
ǰֽܾס̼ŻͻȻʣüͷɿ߿ζѹľ޷ˡ
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طGæǰһԣ֡
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Ҫ⣬ĵмϵǸСɹޣǲǣСá֡

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ô£طһƼطT֪֨£æʵ
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ҪҪסȥɣ룬һ˴һ

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ôѩǲҪȥˡȰ
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񣡡һһֱһԲܣʾ˵仰
ҸաܵͷѿϣгԤͺá
һۣҲû˵ʲô߳Ժӡ

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ѽ֪ɩɩ϶ݺݵĵݺƾͼơҴǰС㣡ҵΪɵѾͷǼʶֶΣߣҽι
һۣҵֶΣ㵱Ҫ赶ɱˣôһУҾֶΣҲǲɩɩĺ󳾰ˣ
ߣһ죡ҵҪ㻹ܳǿʲôʱ򣡡ЦҸ߬һҵİѱһָǼʮԴأǾƣ˭ŵõ󣡡˵Ͼ߿ȥ

񣿡ܿ԰׵ɫһѷס𣿡
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ť»һáз裬Сӣ֪ͨعض·˵գԼ˳
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Ű͸֮⣬طGĿ˺۵ɡ
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»ʹɫ˽ϳ⡣

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ᣬӾŵļӿ˲ӡ
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طGߣƵ
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طGһصĵͷãޣͲˡ

񣿡
ŶҪҪ
Ұ񰡣ȵָ
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ҪһֻС룬ֵ磬ţѪѪ
񣡡һûϵĿֻžȻѾĵزæݸ˳ȥһ氲οûˣûˡ
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ϻطGŭ޲˵ϻ͸һ׼Ŷûǲðɣ
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طGΣ˵Ȼȵˡɫٻ߶֦ڣмˣͳ籸ڹײģ
ҧͷּ

ѾͷҡطT˫ֱɵɵ۵ĺǸ簡
磿ľȻĿһۡһ޳طT磡
ްɣǸ粻á㡪طTһᣬҷҪô綼ãֻ㡪˵ţطTҲסᡣ
硪޵ણҲҪˣߡҪߡ
ããطTͷᣬҪȥﶼã綼ġ
Һҡ޵Ҳá
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˵ţһ£طTĻ
طT̵ıϢڣ԰һģȻΪʹھΣطTķ·𱻺ݺݵ˺ţʹ

ҪҪȻӻоѣ۾ֱɵɵŴҪ
طTȥϵ亹ô
磿Ķ˫ֻҵš
ڣأطT֡
硪ķ֣૵ڣڡ
ڣطT§ӣ޲ĵͷһڡ
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ҲߡطTظҪġ
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ȣԶߡطT˵ţĻ

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 83  ... 
 
 
ҹɫݺݵҧ´

ʲôж񱨣ǽףƲסϲɫ˵һһȻˬ
ҸӶԲ䵽ⲽأҲǻãϴȣһ˵һ£Ժôǿ
ߣôŷˣҲЦϻһĵšԭÿ乬棬ɸϷӣ˭뱨Ӧô죡
ͷİɣƾģܽлϻϲգЦջƻ󣬹ֻһ֦ˣ
ѾͷһʲôʱôˣϴӣЦҵЩˣ㲻Ҳعҵķɣ
ū澲ңæؿͷֹ
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ϡطTסŭ𣬲ǵѪɸ
쵰طGᣬ˰㾾طTȭᡣ
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㡪طGֱǯţ̧Ҫϥǣһεôᱻĥ࣡
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ðطGһ룬ЦȻ⣬ҲΪ㣬Ҿ͸ᣬȫһԶԧ죬Ҫĳͷˣ




84

84  ... 
 
 
硪ƵĵطTһֻСޡ
Թ𣿡طT
šҡͷ
ԹԵĳһ㶫طTӹݹ룬һǵɫģæҪһҪͷ
ϸòãطT·˵ġ
šƵģҡĸ첲˯˲׼ߡҪһ۾Ϳ㡣
ã綼ġطTͷȴޱȳأطGһأʵĲ֪ιȥ

˯ɡطTҴıӣᣡ
磬׽´еߡ
ȣطTͷŬ塣
ãмЦЦĺ۾

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طT̵̻ѵǣǱص롣
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ϾЩܳϲƵģ΢Цŵͷȡ

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ţԾڱɵĵͷҲ¡
ȣطTЩᣬͷתҪߡ

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⣬ϾͣǰĵطûţЩ´ö꣬һֱƭԼţֱǰһһ˺ûа취ġ

طGϵɽӣľĺ뷨ҹʲôϽǻϽǣǸֻǺȻֻʣԼһˡ

ӣ˯ɣС̫ʢȰ
ҿ˯磬ЦЦȴָź
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ҹû˯š

ѷ͵ɣطT̾Ըˣٳ԰ɡ
ǸԼϳϾü𣿡
ҪɣطTҡͷǿϳȻġ

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85

85 ص ... 
 
 
оȣֽüһطTƵģоȡޣڲֵ磬Ҫ໨ʱ䣬طTľȻоȡ
ȣطTˮȴˮբƵģҲղס
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طTֻ۽ǣˣ
İɡҾµģҲǰ;ϵˡֻлĵͷ

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Уҵţ£ҷŲ¡طTҡͷƣȻ֣˯ϣʱʱȷڡ
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ϸİ˿ڣԭΪͿˡû룬עҪһԵ˵Ź̵ˮģ̧ͷģȴ
˵ȥ̧ᡣҪܻǡ
ҭţȥ
ǰͲЩòռģϲȥˮҡͷֻһ¡֣е
ɩɩ˵˵ʲôҶӦӦ쳣΢Ȼ쳣ᶨ
ҪúõĻšٲܱȥ𣡡Ϻҧ
ң޳ҡɩɩ
ʲô˵ѽӦԵģеĵĴ𸴡
ġҡͷʹ
ûĵģҧ˦֣ݵһƬģôı㡪
ɩɩҪʲôãΨҡ˵ɫһ󷢰ס
ãҪԸʹɣϺݺݵĵһҼʮڵôˣǲʹ죡
𾪵֪˵ʲô
֪֪߬Ŵ壬߬¼ʮ㣬ϲȥᣬ֪Ψһܶ˴ֵˣȴʮˣԼͼʹ죬㡪˵ȥϺһһ󣬵㶡
һѣΡͷʹĿҪѿˡ
ûûС
ϵطTһңоŸʮʮĸ磬ϰĸϵطG£ԭ߬
ԭʸûС

ңҶģɫҰ׵ҪôҶġ
ңϲҵЦһ£ҪţҪڻߡ
ҲеġţûáҲ䵽ز
˵߬ļ򣬡ڻȴķءôûã
һ£ҡͷᡣ
ֻ㱣סͺЩ㶼𣿡Щ
ҡʵ̧ͷͷãҴӦ㣡˵̲סʹʧ

үϿӭطT
𣿡طT֪£ɻǷĲµʡ
ããİɣϵͷֿһ棬Ӧأһ۰ɡ

طT԰ݵӣء
磬΢һЦԼԵ֣û£Ҳɵˡ
ģطTӵڻĲˣ
ԾĵͷطT֪㡪˵̲סᣬҲ㣬㡪
طTδ˵꣬ڻӯ·ɿʧƵġ
ķۣۣ֪һٴȻ˵Լܾ
Ҫʲô취ܾ縸ĸָ˵׸簡
ˡ
һծ͸ɴ೹׵Ĵȥɡ
ֻ죬еﶼɣǸĴԼԩ

ǲǵǵһҩطT۾ڻʲôӣ
ͷҡҡͷѩأҶӶ˰ɣ
طTЦڿأ
ƭˣܵġҲЦ
Ҫǿ˻أطTЦô㣿
ǲܡƶ֪ĻҲֻҪҶѣҪ֪ҪĹ
ãطTЦ»ʲôɫģ
ɫҲ˵֪طTϲɫ
ãţһɫҩźɫĻطTţôĺ죿
ţޣһ룬˵ҫ۵ĺ죬
ǰ𣿡طTһ˵ȥ
ţ͸ģſţȻЦˣҶƼ۷Χء
Ǻɫ޺ޡطTţ񡪡񡪡
Ѫһѿڶ˵ȻʶʲôƵģʱ顣Ѫת͵ıסطT־ɪɪ磡Ѫ
£طTҲ壬ûѪûѪˣ紵ˡҲˡ
οطTº͵ظţûˣеģѪɢˣĺ
ֹͣҲʧĿطT
£ڣʲôҲûУطTͷºͶᶨ֤
뿴Ƕ仨ôطTգգ۾
ԥһ£طTյͷá
ĺãطTҪȷšɫҩҪ𣿺
ɫЩ԰ףͷĺܼᶨ
ãطTļתȥ
ɫҩѪѪɫҪޣǡ
ҡһ£ǰһ׹⣬·Ƽ촦ĵѪ֮С
طTţĺܺãԶԶôá
૵ظš
ܿġطTһ˫Ƶ˵
ġɫ԰ףŽ޵Ļ꣬á
طT֣ĸŽ۵Ļֲ꣬ţȻȴûлرܡ
طTļ򣬰ؿڣԶ¡
¡һᣬطTӵţиڣ¡

ӻϾƼѾͷŸҺɫСӽţæס֪ô¡
ˣطTЦҡͷֱͽȥͺˣ
үǡϾطT
ûˣطTһЦµġ
ǡϾͷȥɡ
Ĳ𣿡Ͼе㵣ĵĿķӦ
ԿطTҲ

ţֻǶݵľһ£漴ţ£¡
أطTԣ֡
ţڣ£ϽѪɫָ΢΢ĽӹӣͷһطT硪
ðطT΢Цˣ㲻ˡ
ţỨطT

磬ϱߵšطKϻݸطT
ꡪطTüСѾͷء
ŶطKЩˣ㲻Ϊѻ˵ô󲻸Ϊѡʲô
ô㲻⣿طTûУĲˡ
ҪֵܼطKһӻ𣬡ΪСӹҼң棬ƨ£㣬鿪ͷûлͷ·Ҫôô¶
ҲˣֻҪãģĹ˲ôˣطTģ׳ôһ䡣
㣿طK˵ͷ˸磬ģҽϳãΪѾͷƬӰϰٺ˶ȥˡֵܣҡطKˤϻӣˤųȥˡ
طTıӰ̾
ڣȴװףˮžĵ½ϡ
ɩɩ˵ĶԡͲԼˡ




86

86 ʧ ... 
 
 
ϣݰطһϲô㻹üģ
Ŷ޸˵ˣطGǿһЦΪϵĿɬ˲װš
ôﻹǷŲ𣿡طеĸ룬ɫǿװˣҶˣ
ûСطGƿ֣׽ʣͷд
»˵ܽηط޲ĵ˵ôҲǰ취
ٶ¡طGͷҲ̧ܺԼ¾ˣ
Ҫȥһ۰ɣô£ط̾ϢҶ۵ġ
طGֻװû
ɡߵ󲻹ǿ۵ĺأطû㰾Ҳûۡ
û˵꣬طGͷҹһ̨طһī
˵ûУطGҧгݵĵҲҪҵЦһûģͲǿʹ죡
аطЦڿϷˡ֪ûģΪʲôǲϷ֣֪֪ô˹㣬ȴֻǼûĵģ
ҪܣطGһơ
ûҹܲţҲ㣡طҧֻĺ˵˵꣬طݺƿطGͷҲصˤ뿪
طGһ˴ԭط㶡

磿ת㿴طT
ֿ⻨طTǣ֣ЦŸǻ䣬ã벻ҳȥߣ˵꺬Ц
ȥ֡
ſϵķطTӵ뻳Щпǰûлûа취ӵеģ㡪
磬߬طTȴһڣȻĿԣͺˡ

СİطTǣ֣һ涣С·ϵЦǲǺܾûôˣ
ЦЦȴ£֪ʲôʱҪٴԶůҸ֪ǧĲԲǲӦãĺ
磿Ȼվסˡ۾ֱһ档
ôطTЩԾ̧ͷȥһҹŶꡣ
ֻװ޵ʽƵʧĵط
ҪȥطTûʲôԣ֣߽˵㶵ģ·ͷ
ʲôλСк
ʲôϡģطTЦЦһԵļԡվš
еأ˵Сϲ衣ƹкʱϻӡ

طTЦʵ㿴أ
ֻǷʲô
ʲôأطTЦ
ûֻ֨ĳˮȻһĹ⡣
ϵһһеĳ⡣
طT￩һ£Ҫ
õȰһ׷ǸӰ
硪
طT׷ãã˺һ̲ҷɵ׷ѰıӰ
硪һ㣬þƽƿǰŵȺеӰһ·׷ȥ

طTۿӰûںѹѹȺĺ֡

ҲҪطTȦڽĴıš
үȻȥɣȰͺˡ
УҲ߶һˣطTӣᶨҡͷңǰѾǷҲҪһ

֡
ֻ̧һ̸ǾƵĶ
Ң°ͣЦʲôϡ
򿪡ŵ۾Ц
ŵıһչ
ǡҢЩԾ
һ۾ŮӣֽűţԵĵ
ҢסӣһۣȻȫĿҲס΢΢Ķ
үôĵʵ
Ң֨һֽ⿪ϵĲʱסˡ
үȻûɫɣаЦ
ҢЩ־Ƶģϴ£ȴȻҵһСϸһ꣬統ͷһ
⡪վŭĶŪģ
ôү㿴ۣ仯ͻȻЩԺ
㴳˴ˣҢҧôճ
ү
ҢüͷؽƵ˼̧ͷϽĶŪĶȥûüӦҢֻ֣вС㣡ô
䣬ֿһ̾˱üһۣæŴ򿪣
Ӧһæӿҵš
⿪ֽŵֿѴ٣ִ򿪱ϡ
¾ûˣЩĿ˿ֿҢ
ޣҢثֻ֣鷳˵꣬ȴ̲סֶ࿴ۡ

ūǽϼģͦίҿû˼ҵӣֳĿ͡
ûֽŰɣҢȻе¡
ûûûУ˵飬ֻǡ˵ҩ
ȻҢɴ۾
ūʵڲ֪ʲôҪˣȻҲҡصүɣ
ѽ㣡ҢҪ͵ŵԴɣ
ϣɵˡ

үҢЦǵū˵ţ棬ÿ˴
ʲô˼طGžǰѪһȫûȥ
ʧˣȺūҢ˵ȥۿطG㶵ĶŴϵ
ϣ»һҪҪų´һۣһҢôһֱأ
Ŷ⡪Ңһʱֻĵһۡ
ϣҢطGһֵۣ̿Ű
Ŷ°ɣû¶ˡطGĵ
Ңһ˵𷣵£ظ첽ˡ

طG૵û㱡ֵˣǡ˼ҹǸѾͷ
ΪǸ硪Ϊ⾡
طGʹĿҪˡ
ѾطTˡʲô
ҲҪʹ¾ˡ
͸աطG߬ĿڣȻһһ˵ס


طGȻͷſۣĴҪ
ǡãĿΧİĻȻδ꣬طGĿԡ
ʶǽǱ߿˿ϡһȷԼĴһȻͼɩɩ˵һС

һ䡪ֻ߬ˡ
ϡ»طGɫ΢仯Թɫ˵
ޡطGҪܿĿⲻٿ۾ʹƵģʼղ뿪ͽȥ
Щѵ´طG񣬡лϡδǰһ󷢺ڡ
ҪطG붼һ
طGɫҰףʡ¡
طGҡͷ̾ϢǵȲ߰ɡгУȥһҪ˵

˽ˡտգطG̵ķԸť»ϣûٶ࿴һۡ
ǡť»һӵĻҪ˵
޺ЩҪطGʣˣͽ֪ͨϰˣˡ
ǡť»ϵͷӦš

ʲôİ𣬺޵ôˣ
ôҢΪȻѵĵһ˼ҵĹ˲ɣ
ǸҺˣֱͻʲôûİѲ豭ϡ
ô죡ȥҢҲЩˣԵĵүǣ
㲻ͰڽϡҧҲáٰ˵źȻͣסתͷ硣
硪
Ң۷ŹЩԾʲô
и⡪Ңϲʤ˵㲻Ǹմʤôϲأ硪
ʲôҢĿ
ŷǣ˵ҪѸָ㡪ϵ˵һٶá
ˣҢһôܣ
ʲôﶼ֪˲֮ʱʱ򲻸Ͻ߬ѱ㹦ʱʲô绹ףͣһ˳˼ָ㣬һӼȲõĻߣǶ˼ɣأҲĸ󻼡ɲһٶã
ûףҢȻЦȻȫĺܡһּòϲ
Ǹءת
ߣõģأֻµʱɲϣ۾һЦ

ʼûť»ЩƵģѵˣ
ûаһҲûЩ֣㵹
Ϲ˵ť»òã
һˣһ仰ҲûУҡͷҿáԸŷһʱʱĲ۾
ôţǸϽͻȥĺðť»̾ǡ

𣿡طGһۣԵӶ䵭
ã̫ƽˡҢ޾ƵģЦл¡ˣūвõģ
طG䲻Լ֮£պޣðɣ޽¶࣬ٺúõɣ
ϡҢ˵ūﵹиԸ
ŶطGﲻǿЦ˵˵
ҢЦЦūŵķҲȥüˡūϴūһ׮Ե
ûطGɫԽ䡣
Ҫ˭ֻ˵Ȼ㰲š
ֻ»ϲϸҢͷЦ
л˵
ϣտع񡪡Ң΢΢һЦʵ
طGҲҪؾǼվ顪ðطGҧӦţ޴ӦˣһʹĿС·ԼԼĿڡ

ϣôť»ϼֱšѵԸԸ⣿
ð㵹ʰɡطGҧ
ϡť»Ͽһۣʵڲÿڡ
鷳ˡԸ⣡һһ˵
ãطGݺݵʹԸ⡪òȴ޲˹ȥ߬Ϊʲôܾ
طGһƬڰΪһϣǼװĲҲð

ףأһûΧʷ裬ȥ
ղŸųȥˣ˵ǻϽиأͷ
ͷһתôǺعģϴź͸񲻱ȴǰҲ˵ͨʲƽϡ

Ҫȥųһ·ߢ·ԽƫƧɡ
ֻǣϵأһЦ

㡪 
 86 ʧ ... 
 
 
һ˱뿪ˡһڿյߢ
𣿡
ûӦòԣЩҪ뿪
ع񣿡
תһһ
㣿˼
ôһЦˣ֪ˣ
ô
϶һƣһЦȼƣ㲻᲻Ӱɡ˵ŵݵ
һǼ񣬡ϿˣͷҪʿ빲ˡ˵Żͷͷ淿俴˿Ң˳
ҧ촽
񡪡ҢһЦô棬Щð
תҪߡ
ߣһֻûôס˵ţš
񡪡ҢЩһЦⱭҾ񡪡
𣿡תм
α˵ţҢְһԳ֡
֣ŭҡ
һҢ˵ţƽ

ʣطGûƷˣť»ŭ֪֪Լ˵ʲô
ϡť»ϻæ¹򣬡檲ԣֻǡ
˵ˣޣطGס񣬡ȥ

ϡť»˾ˡ˵ָһָ
ԵĹڱɫҰס
⡪طGסˣеʣ
ճ˵Ҹ񣬰ѸߺܾòҪҴȥҡһ£ò׷ָСҩߢ⣬ȥƼ񡪡ʱС࣬·ڵϡ˺ˣūƼȹӣȹӡ
˵طG￩һ£ţҪ˵ȥ
ȹѪ
طGһΡϣť»ϵ
طGֻ÷·ԼѺݺݵĴһ¡
к»ӡˣطGճڣǰһڣæڿڡ
ҵĲУϰѪɫȾ




87

87 ޼ ... 
 
 
ҽ硪ųֵ֣ζҪġ
㡪ֿĲѡ
ûµġᣬˣҡ
ãáֳʹĵ

Ҫ㽲Ҫȥ˼ϴţ㾿ף
˵ûУҢҲջѡ˵ٱſң
⻰Ÿ˵ȥɣˤӣ˭㣡
Ĳֻ֪ǵú˼ơ֮ô֪Ңİպ޲ѡ
û𣡡ղѣԼʲô֪𣡡
㹻ûУǸǸ磿ҢҲˡҪѵ
ǰʯͷԼĽŰ޺޵ҧҶȥˣ
ɻϻû˵ʲôҢҡͷΪȻǶ£
㻹ҪȻ𣡡ҧѾͷ벻ֶζ࣡˵ֺݺݵĴҢţ㣡һߴһҪƨɣ
ⲻ𣿣Ңմˣˤվ·ңǹ𣬰ҿСǳƽҲߵ죡˵ˤųȥ
һ˵ϻ

طGҩ룬ҩ˰ɡԹˣ䲻̵ģպء
ͷһεطGֱ
ûµġطGҩ룬ԼϾޣ§ļ磬õůֻˣطGһƬȻ
ãĸ硪̧ͷҶԲ㡪ҡ
ޣ޲㡪طĢ俫ȥỨĴ
ΣȻҡͷᣬҵĴһʼҴ
طGӵϣḧĳǡ

硪ε߬طT֡
طTŰ壬ѹԼôôɵôɵ
Ϊ㣬ôԡ
˵ˣطT߬Լյ֣ҲߣҲ
Ҳԣҡͷᣬǿߵĺǣɩɩǿô죿ô죿Ͼô죿оŸʮ硪ǧ
طTʹ飬û뵽ͷҪһеص
Բ㡪طT˵ǸûзѾΪһУʲô

񣡡ճžͿһæţȥ
ҪʣҪ˵ս˫֣еĿ͵ǰҰɡ
ӡĿ
û¡Цҡͷβסɫ㲡
ӵ£ҲﲻꡪЩҲ֪ʲôʱǵˡ
ǣͲˡȻһЦ

ү˯ɡϾ۵Ȱ
طTǣԵĽƺľƶȥƽǲʪ½
үϾϥͷĿޣ㲻Ҫʲô˵ɡҲ㵣
طTȻ㣬ֻǻİѸľƹȥ
үϾطT޵ʹġ
รطT֣Ŀˣ
ϾЩãͷҡ
ˣطTظţս֣ûվһᣬȥ

ʲôס
ϽȥҢȻѲһӱڹ
ֺ˹Ŵ棬Ϊƾһ֮ܽʲôʵ𣡡
ҲȻȡҺôҲΪˡҢ߷߲ƽ
ˣЦΪ˴˲ˣҲǾȹȵүأһ仰һ˵ϾͷϣѹëٲģẦģ
˵ô𣡡ҢţҲҲǣ㣡ңնǼơ
֪иƨãֻܵţҧֻҪϿ죬Ѿͷļıưܡ
ǾӴ鰡Ң
ˣ£ôöŲ飡ӣȥҵŶġУĴС鶼ĵģµ¶֪˹˲ˣ
֪֪ˣǣҢʲô¶

ùôˣŪȻƳָһƿڡ
ŶЩţ·˿ƣ񣬷Цǽлˡ
ҿŲӿ˿˺ü˰ɣƣƿڶɫˡ˵ŴӻͳһСƿϴҩʣࡪͿ˰ɣ°̺ۡ
ŵģЦˡ
šϴκ˵ҪùáûգҾʱţùˡ
æʲôء棬һ䡣
Щ֧ᣬʲôæѧϷˡ˵ţ͵ӣɳµԼ
Ŷ̲סЦʲôʱȥ
𣡡ʰ֪˷ɣ
İɣҺģЦЦ⺢ӣ
ʮùáƵЩ
֪Ц

ϣЪˡ»Ȱ
ͺطGͷһȥһ˳Ǭ

˯ˣطGͷ̲ס ᣣٿ
ȵı죬̲סһ󷭽
ȹϵѪ
ԭֻǺطTϷ
طGѪһӾӿûΪţطGȻһͻȻϲ⡣
ǺܿҢ
ɱǧūţǧ벻ȻȵõòŮˣ
طG޵ҧгݣ޲õʬΣ

ϽҽšҢЩ⣬û˵ʲôණҿСˣ
ޣ㻹ź춥ӣ׵˼ʮĹ٣ȻϿ𷣣˵ϰ㵱Լˣ񲻶ɫҪϷ㿴Ҫٹٿ御Ҫȡⶼף
ҿ˼룡Ңҡͷ˼ҶʲôҵҪ˼ҲڱҾǳ͢ĹĽɽպ󻹿ҿأʲôȼ죬޹ҿ˵ʲô
˵Ҫˣһ㶣û
ǰҢΪȻĵͷɢͥĬǣ׿ڿҶ֮ģ˵ҪָҷҵĲ֮
ţôᡪӷٵתţҪôжʧˣϣˣ򣬻Ͽ϶ɱﵣҢȦףΣ

Ҳ԰ɣչ˸ˡطGк»רŽǱһƣЦ޽绹ˣ޻˵㣬֪û㣡
ϡֹƵģطG̸Ц͸ӶɫκҴϢüûȥǬˣѵˣǾòԣֱΪͷƾطG˽⣬ԽǱž޴ĿģԽǲɫңϣκ̽ơ

عɰ
ô԰ҢɫЩࡣ
ôҢҡͷЦҵôƽ׿һʺҾô𣿡
ðҲЦȥͻ˵޹İ
ðֻҪһһˣ˵קĵȥ
ûշ㣡˵ָ
ֻɲ㣡Ң߬ļŲġ˵žͳ½
ʱЩˣֳ鵶
ӲģҢһȥӦأɽʯϣΪҲҵˣҡ

ˣ
ͷûŻȥǺ»طGɫĿ¡
ϣҢͨء
񣿡»
żҧ´һ仰ҲӦɫ΢΢ࡣ

ϣԩİҢʹļ׿ͷֹ죡
ߡ죿طGҧȻᣡ˵ȥ˿˵Ļᡣ

ϣڰҩͨæںڣ
㡪طGƼһԵҩƣеʣˣ
ûʲôһ潫½߬ĸš
ơطG˵ƿ֣ƿֻѴɫۡҢ־̫ӲǽļˡطGۣžŭūţ
ƿԼۺ죬ͷҪġ֮ҳ綼ˡ
طGսļ磬㻹˵ֻ㡪
۾һеѡҪҼޣô죡ҡ˵ȥ
޲ҪޣطGʵʵİԼؿڣޣһһʱ䣬Ȱһжźˡ޾Ҫװίޣ
߬طG´۾޷̾˿
ȵҪĽ֪˵һõֻǣû˿Ŀ֡·ʼϲκεҸԵ
޼
ֻء




88

88 ɱ ... 
 
 
ϣҪǿɡūȥʮүɡ»Ȱ
û¡طGͷʹϵҶӰ޲̾͵ٲҪǣǴ¿ڼϣ˵¾ͷµģ
ٴˮطGԸ
ϣ»֪ʹÿվֲֵһˮֽʪ˹ȥ
طGӹڶϣȥðͣ亹
ȥɣⲻţû¡طG»ĶƣķԸ
һһУſĵһЩٵһЩͷʹĶҪѿˡ֪Լܷͣ£Ϊ˻ʰ꽻ƬɽȻŻѪҲҪС

ūŰɣȻ˺ôȰ䡪»۾Ȼֻ¡
Σȡ̾ϢƵĵ˵ͷ

ȥҩգطGĻˣť»к
𶯡طGҪť»æѣյ
طGֿ֣סһҵѣΣˣ̧ͷֻţ
ť»һߵĴһʹɫ
ϡ̧ͷ
طGӱַ·Ҫʲô
ť»æ֣ġ
ĸ磿ۣ߬΢΢ü̧ͷ
ҩôûáť»ЦǿŬıˣ뿪
طG֣¹̣ãȴʲôҲ˵ްʣµʮı
ӱҪ𣿡Щʹģ֣Ƶ˵
طGûϵô˵֮࣬ʹ̫ѨӿŲסһΡ㡪طGѪӿϣؿڷ·һƹƵģ˵
ϣַûţȻϥͷ
ɵĽͼʱ
һ̰ӱݺݵĳˡ
Щ֪룬صȻ;һƬȻ
ǿġ
ǵʵ۵³𣿣
һ޶˵ķ޺ޡȥ߾Ÿʮ磬ȥʲôãǸıͨĲһ¶Ĳ·

պạ̃ҩ룬¶ȣ͵ߡ
պ˼ڣطGθһֲķڣƿڴſڡ
״æۡ
ۡһеҩһһŻ
ĸ磡Ҫȥڱߵۻ࣬ݺƿ
طG㱼裬ΪʲôҪ߿Ǳӣ
ûĬĬʰߵҩ
ӹݹֽĵĲȥطGߵҩ

߬ס󣬶񶾰Ľ߬ţ·ҪĹ
Ϸȫ𣿡طGȦĿ֪ܡΪʲô
ϷְɣɫƽʵĲʹ
ǼٵģԲԣطG֣ģطTҪǡطG˵ȥɫҰף亹
û㣬ᣬһȥҩ룬ҩˣҽȰɡ
طGƲסһӵ뻳Ƶ
ɬҩζ
㾡ȫֻĿĿףȻûҩҲ𲶾ٶҲȲһ
˲ҧǣһ
ˣƣķſֻۣһ˳۽ǻĻȥɫ˲ҵ·ղѩ
ĸüۣǵѪ˿
ֻܶҡ
ҩˣȥȡᣬˤƬһԼĿǻ
طGıӰȻȻ¡ķ޺ޣԹŭйһգֻǣһֻӺһ˰ڲӰˣҸΣɱ

ҪӡڴߵСϡ
ߡطG֣ͷȴĿ⣬ֶæ˵ָָͷɰ

طGҪд

ֱҪҵȽֱӰɣƿ֣޷εԹޣ㲻۶ҡ
㲻ԸֻԼˡ˵طGԼʣȴ²˱ʣϲΡΡһɫİߵ㣬̲סؿһȡ
ƫͷݺҧԼ´
ȥӣӹʡ
˵պɰд
ȡطGͷ۾һ

ŰգҲˣť»Ϲļ硣
˲䣬ť»طGгԼ֣һ
ҽɣɫãť»Щеʡ
áҡͷĲá

ҪطGоѣ亹ĿлеĻ̿֡
ϣť»æỽ
طG߬֡
ϣť»ٴλ֪ʲô¡
طĢͷ˿ֿ˿ƽЦЦû£ûˡ

磿ĽУûطTӰЩ£ĳ¡
ѾͷطTһѰϵһԵӰ˵ꡪһ
֪Ҫ˵ߵĻֱĿڣҺܺأ㡪
طT̾ҢѾȥˡĲ
û¡ͷҺܺá˵ȴ̲סʡ
طT۵ļҪᣬļϵһȺ˵Σѣں޲ѣų빬ôᡪܵĥԼ ڲţӻһҲܳŵסطT⡣
ȣΪӲҪˣ֪Ϊʲô˵Ļ
Ǳ
ǶĶ֮˰ɡ
ҧϳϡ

ˣдƵǰ
ÿˣֱӽȥɡطGƣİ֡
Ͳҡҧ촽
طGҡͷЦݶ顣

ع񡪡ͷ
ŴˣЦЦ
񣬸һ䡪ͥһ£ôˣ
áͷ£
ûУֻǺЩûˣҲͣ˺üˡֹͥƵġ
˶ˣĵЦϲͨķȣվҪˡ
ͥЩƵģô泼ת˵ǶտҲŻٳ
ˣ㾿ǲĻϣǲң
ңͥߵݡ
ͷĹ˼Ȼתֻ£˵֪ߣԡ
񣡡ͥز̧ͷ
֣ȥ

񣬶ˡ»ƿǬ幬ϼ¥š
һݣʮ̴ľϻеȨһ䰵
»е̴ӣǼֻ
żľ룬Ǳť֪Ǵӡʲô
ϻһֻһֻĴ򿪣̽ࡣ
ʵ֮ 
ˣȻֹ
̻Ի֮Уʹؿڡϻټ۹еĳţ⼸ʯͷ⼸öͭ顪
ôеҸĻᣬеϺʹࡪ
ʹ˺ִܶ꣬ް㣬Ϸ
һ
ջҪصУʹ޵˺ȥֹ

ūһ͵ĵů󡪡
ȡĵͷ

گɰۡ

طGװѴС
к

ʵֻҪָ±ɫ

ĸ磿طGߣӹݹҩ룬طG
ҩˣͣһ
ࡪطGüͷ΢ƿҩ룬Ƶģ˰ɡ
ҪβôԲҩأҡͷ
طGҩָû¶ȡ
ĲԣطG·ֻǺӡ
һˣƵģЩ
áطGۿ΢΢ʪ󣬽ӹҩ룬һȥ룬·˵㿴Ҷġ
úǸЦʱȴЦ
Ӷ·Թ̾

ְڻ⿪졣
˾ͿˣطGѵϣֱϵʪˮ


ģ޶ˣ˿̣ҲԹˡ

еҩӦأҩҺ֭ĵ棬·Ѫɫ
ť»Ӧ
ϵ˼Ѿ֪ˡ»ʱ֮ǰӲҪ뿪޹
ǡť»üβסǾ̡
»ٰﰲʥּٶʡ
ť»ź»ɫ۽нԶôδ˱ƽһƬɱ




89

89 粨 ... 
 
 
񣿣»ڴ˷ţæô
΢΢Щ̫ˣ˯²á
ź»Ҫţ˯һɡ
󳼵Ȼϵʾء»ڰͷӵͷ
ŶҲˣȥһʮ⡪̧ͷҪŴ˵֪𣿡
ūס»ͷӵݸԵС̫ࡣ񣬶ůˣҲЪһɡ
ȡͷ
ūŽǰ˲β裬͹ȥ񣬡»쿴ɫЩˡ
Լ˺α˵Ŀ׻˵ţǰһ󷢻ŲסҪ

ѽչ˲˰Լֲģһͷһһᴵ࣬ιߡ
ЦЦЩǿǱôˣʾطGǱߡ
ЩǺعսġָָϵһӡ
Ҫʲô
ЩָŴӡ
㲻ҪˣǱһѾġҪô
ܲôˣȻЩô죿£ɰ
񣡡񲻶֣ΪŮ˰
ʲôŮˡæԼпɰϽǣͶǰ¾޼ҵˣӣһۣʰĴ壬ܶ

Ŵ˿λ˹Ŀʲôײȫٳʡ»ӡ
ͥһӣ̧ͷ˿ȴû֨
ŴˣĬֿ»Զˣҿƺл˵
ûУͥЦЦʱճʵʮ⣬Եһⲻ٣ȫֻ¹Ž⣬Ҳҵڶľ
˼Ĭ΢΢һЦ֪л
ˣֻµģĲô׺ǡͥҡͷĬֵļ򡣾Ի鰸ǰ½鿴ð졣

˵˲ˡԱ춯Ȱ跹ͷҲ̧Ļؾ
ˡ
ĸ磿±ʣô˵ôôСġڵȴֻǣǲҰɡ
طG֣ҡͷ޼Ȼи㣬˵ʲôĲĵĻگ顪
̯ڰͷڿذ׵ֽһī
Թŵ֮£Īɻ񣬶ĺ֮Э֮ģͳһʥ洴ڣĪǡԵǼҹŻѪ̻ʿʥ´ͳһڴ˳ࡣȾβ֮Сдگλ
ϣ
ʶԭأīˮã

ˡطGЦЦһˡ
ôˡطĢ۽ǵỨ΢Цڸеģˡ
ɵˮʪӡ
ֻ㣬ٻޡطGḧ۽ǣѹ
ã۾ŹֵЦһЦüˡ
һץдһĲگ˻衣
㡪طG㵵
̾ϢһطGʣһֽΡΡд
δͣʣֽһ裬ҷ
طGҿţؿڣٳһֽ
ס֡

طĢͷ۾Ĳ̡
ԭһ㲻ں

ҩˣ׵ߡ
طGԹԵĽӹҩ룬һһ
ʱطGסָ
ѵõһ˿Ѫɫ
֪طG΢΢ЩỨ֪㡪Ҫİ˵ڣһ¡

ùã
ȣͣеıʡ
ʰҪһһСϻӡѩˣͰ԰סù˵òã
ϻӣһɫľһѱĻѡһּ΢΢
ѩ
áӣЦôá
ȴ̲סһᡣ

ɡĲɵС׽ŲЦǺǵĽӹӣ㲻Ⱦ͸Ұɣ˵ŶҪȡ
Ҫһ㶣ֶᱭ豭ӦأƬɫ֭ҺɢŽƵĿζ
񣡣ɫȻһ䡣
ǶôϤζζ

ߣļ硣Ҳܡ˵ҲЩʡ
ޣʲôҲˡû취ң²֡
񡪡ֱۣ߬ü֪֨ûʲôֻᣬһ޵˼顣

񣬡»ӡ
ĸ첲˳
²ӣǰЩһ񿴿ϲϲ»ǰ·С̫ƿ򷽰͵ķš
Ŀ֮ʻʢͷ¼ܣ̨౦ڶοյѬװŷɵ򻨰ꡣ
˲ٻʢڴҰ崺硣
¯ȽȽĵɫεȻǸʲˣζ
طT
΢ᣬ̧ͷ⣬ûпյĻ𣿡
Ŷ»ЦЦ괺ɫ棬Ϊרſһյأ֮󣬸ⲥ֡

ʲôˡ

ϿϼѣѾˡͥ΢Ц
ЩˣطGҲЦЦͷȻ΢΢ʹ޲ٲġ
ǼǹŻְӦ̸ϲͣͥһתһϴ±عףĽгǶѡ
طGЦݣôǰЩ죬ʲô֮𣿡
ˡ΢֮ģͥطGʵֱӣ֪ǽ֮ˣߵݵǰˣԻּŰ죬Ȼȷģϳ۱ӳŲ޿˽ٰ֮ͥʥ֮ı
طG˵͢񰡣˼ףֻڳıʱƾĲıǰ
ϡ̧ͥͷƺס˵ͥһ
ΪΪϣ
طGЦҡͷ
㡪㰡
⡪ͥһ£ˣ΢ֻ뵽ƣϽȴ顪ͥһЦıģȻ̫࣡
ѽطGǺһЦôȥһ˽ϣҲѧݻƵģˣ
ͥҲЦˡ

ȥﰡϣ»طG̲סʡ
괺ɫطG»ͷ
ȥĶ»Сֹ
žˣĶôϻطGһۡ
»ͷ

ûпʲôأ񲻽
ǲĿְͷץһϸϸţ쿴״
񡪡ͱͱϡ

̧ͷδڣ
ҲطG˵ʡ
ԣͷ֪ʲô
컹䣬ܳ𣿡طGʵǻȴ
ǰЩô䶼ˡ̧ͷѩˣҲϣ
ġпܣһطG
ȣë΢΢Ĳֲһ䣬˵ҲֿƬֻҪЩʱ򡪡
ޣطGۿ΢΢ȣԸȡ




90

90  ... 
 
 
Ҿ֪һ֡ôҲԹԵľôͷˣһ˼׽֣ͩȷǡ첻Ǻܺ𣬲ῴ
ҵ۾᷸ҵıҲ֣᷸ͩҩζͩ΢΢ҧ촽Ϥˡ
üˣеͩҼ٣ĵϸһΡ˵Цһһ׽Σ

ùãԭأһͲʣˮ䴹ڵϣĶʱ
ЩЦãû뵽վȻƵ˳
£ԵС̫衺ȵ
˶ɢˣĵĿ˿硣
ǳĳǡⲼ΢΢һЦ⡷
ȡЩЩڨЦùõ۾
ҳһΣЦ
˰ɡģźʵͲƺҲоշաù֪Ǻ֡
Ҳ֪Ǻ֣ߵߣ°ͣĳϷͿ֬
һ£Ҳ̲סЦùá
ҲЦˣ躹ҲҪȫ̧ƿ½ǵӻɫ£ƭ˭
ƿ֣ͷԭùöס
֪Ƕ£㳯͢ЦЦ⹬˶ǣǴĲ¶ۼľͲöˡ
ùý̵ǡͷ

˵ˣطGͷҲ̧˽ΪǺ»Ͳ㡣
ĸ硪һ£лл㡪طGŽȥƵĻ񿡣
ŶطG±ʣ죬˯á
ǸϵЦƯ
ģطG΢΢ů⣬߹Ҫ֡
ˣĸæ˻˯ɣ˼ᡣ
ȣطG㣬ԭأ˵ͷ

񣿡ҹԺĿڴǰŻ谵һյСơ
û£㲻ùҡѸٵϵĶ㱿һֻСҩʡ
ôˡ۾
Ҿ˯ЦЦʲô־ﴧ
ţ΢΢ü֪ЩԸ˵ʡ
ҹ˵ĺɫҩ裬һּ䣬ûڲҷ
ͷĵ¹⡣
̾Ϣһ񣬹ؽ˴ȡ

硪û䣬طTһס찴ɽʯϡ
㡪طTЩ
㣬ǲǼطKˣطTҪˡ
ü֣ۡ
㻰أطTɫࡣ
û˯ðɣȦš۾Ҷ
˵ʲôˣطTݺݵҡӦʲôˣ˵
硪ˣˡ
Ҫɵʲôʱ򰡣طTӵˮ䵽˵Ҫܣ㲻
֨۽
ѶңطTƿ
磡Ȧģҡͷ
𣿣طT󡣡ߡ
ȥĶȻ
һȥҲٺ֣طT
֣ݺݵҧȥ
طTʹĳ֣ʹĵ㾿ôҵĻ㶼𣡡
Ҳԡ۾ޣһزͷˣ
㡪طT㵵ļ磬˵ҩ
ˣؿڣ硪ңҴӦ㲻¡
֪֪ԼʲôطT°ͣطK²ֶΣôİڲģ
˵ˣͷͷ۾ңҹܲôˣֻҪãģûбȥ룡˵꣬ͷҲصƿܵˡ
طTؿʹķ顣
Ϊб鶼ƿڣΪһԴȫˡڿĴˡ
ش

ĸ磬ҩˣҩ͵طGͷ
ҩطGһڣ̧ͷ
ôЩƵģʲôԵ𣿡
ûôˡطGЦЦ
Ŷϰ˰ɣЦЦǸá
ҲǣطGüҩͷҪԼĵݹȥǡ
طG˫ֺϡ΢΢ȵů
طGַ·Ҫգȴԥһ£ֻͷһëǶµġ
޺롪˵һʱԣѾúܶˡ
ջ֣Ǿͺá
תҪߣҲĸˡ

δ㴫طGؿڹ̵¶ȡ
طGһֱֻԻס
ĸְɣĿ̾ϢŴء
ȣطGɿ첲Ȼǣ֣ޡ۾ĻҪڡ
ҩѿ֣ţ·ӡ

ˣ
ûǳߣʮʮʮˣͩ죬Ҫȥһġ
ʲôط߬΢΢Щ಻סƵġ
ʤͩͷ߹ÿˣˬ
üˣ̲סһһָţǶʮˣߡЦһҿǿŵ˼죡
Ĵ֣ͩȴƺĲ̡
Ȼҧұ˼أΣҪһ㣡
аգͩḧ˯ĸС֣΢΢ü
ġһЦ׽ΣûҲ֪Ŀպʲôԣ
ûֻͩǰ̾˿ζ

񣿡Ŀ㡪
ôˣһ϶һ
ûʲôҡͷңҾǾý첻Ծ
Ϲˣ֣úõģʲôԵġ
ܲܲȥҧǵĿ
ôУҡͷϴѾ˵ֵϵ
ǡ·Сģ޲ǣң
֪ˣЦЦͰˡ
ıӰʧڻ谵ҹɫ̲ס̾Ϣ˵׼ΪʲôǾý¡

Դ򷽰ϰƹ⣬СﳭȥʤɫԽİЩ
ҹèͷӥ˶졣
Щԡ
·ĪĽŲӿ˲ӡ
޲һǷʤ̨ס
°Ĳϳ
ûгӰһֻסڱק
˭ûڡȡ
ꡪùҡ
ڳЦʲô
㱻˶ˣֲϣ
˵һС𣬡㿴
ȻԶ⣬
һô죿һۺ硣
а취֣һ·Ǳɽ
ȥЩŻš
Ҿˣһ·СܳСȥ
ȵȣ˦Ҳܡ绹ڷʤ
һ֣ˣǱӦֻܸҾУ
ǡϡ
ùãһײûµģ˵գ۾ң
ֻĵļ򡪡·ŵһע⵽Ѿôˡ
ûʱˣ˵ţСܡ

ױæš
˶ѡ
𣿡ŴĻ⣬޲ǡ⣬ʲôˣ
֪岢ҪΪѱģ˭ĿŴ⡣
ꡪδڣǺݺݵҧס´ô֪ġ
һ£û˵ϵڵ
ˣˣ綢ŴĻ⡣
ô죡ҲЩڶıײ׽˺磡
ҧ촽Ȼ۹һЦ֪ˣ˵žһѰƵԱߵϡ
죬·
ĿɿڴĿ
翴ͣæһѳ·¶ڵϣһֱЬࡣ
㡪һƿͨ죬ʲô
翴ҡҡͷֳ鿪ķΣͷ
Ҳѣ緽ŷᣣһЦֻҪﲻҪͺˣ
˵Լ⿪ԼѣߵһߵЬࡣ

Ųϡ
ֻͷһڣùˣ˷š
ͬʱһ
үһ㶣´һĿɿڴǡ
粻ͷһŻջûūţʲô
үǡһ̲סڿֻһأ֮ϣһŮӣŰ͸ᣣֻŽţңɢڷ£΢΢¶硣
𲻽һ
ιһ߹ȥֺݺԿǣūţûУ
ūŲңعæͷүҪ
бſϣүҽҪͼһ֡ؿۿһۣ٬ЦСޡǣȻͬ䣬Ѿͷꡪϧ˵ֺһǳū֣ҡ
ǣǡ𲻸Ҵūðʧˣֻ׷С˭롪˱үˡ˵Ҫߡ
סЦſأʰ꣬Ѿͷ͸ҡ˵ƳһۣȻкʰһ
ūŲң¿ͷ絷⡣ūŽʲôҲûʲôҲ֪
ߣףڵϣҪſү²ɣ
ūŲң˵ųӵǱĳ˺ȵ쳷
һٻҺ¡Ҳ߻˦ôһ䣬ۿȫ˾ˣŽ

ùãʰϵ·ϣЦûˣ
ƿ֣£
ùãСĵĲ쿴ɫҲǲѡð˹ùãù㡪
Ҷˣתͷ޺޵Ŀɫס
ùã˵ͷҲġ
㡪֣Ҫȴûµ֡
ùҪʹɡ̧ͷҲԡҲ̽ùõ¡ҷûҪ㡪˵ͷȥа塪
ĽţЬ 
 90  ... 
 
 
ࡣ
һƿ֣Լ˵ţȴЩա
ΣȥԼЬӣĬĬĴϡ
ȵȣȻʲôƵģվôŻʰô죿
ңҲҪġǿЦЦﶼ֪ǻƹ˵ġ£ҲƽժաӶ䣬ֻҪѸѾͷȢؼȥˡ˵꣬һա
Ҫ˵һЩ̣Ҫ޶˵Ļ¡
ǧҪæҪǻʰ֪㻤ңֻҪ˸ˣ
ź۾Ȼһֺ¡
ۿ΢΢գ޷ƣֻ̧ۿۺãһ
첻ˣ֣͹ùûȥɡ
á֣Ȼ˿ڻǵͷȡ

ֻ͵ˣ̰ϣѶߵһҷãԶˮ򷽰ͣùԼСġ
ԼҲСġƿ֣
ù÷ģûµġŵЦЦȥɡʰҪˡ
ź罥ûĺɫӰȻңһ֪ˡȴʼպ޲ⳡѾǣ̫ˡּ
Ÿ˵Ķԣ·𣬲˭ͷˡ






91

91 ɻ ... 
 
 
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92

92  ... 
 
 
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Χνĵ֣һȥԼЦ󣬿ǻǣƺֻЩȥģġ

 
 92  ... 
 
 
Щ룬ԭԽԽԶġ





93

93 ܾ ... 
 
 
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طGһƬհס
ֻһ̧ۣŦۣͷ˲䣬ŵĵ䣬Ϸеһ㳱Ҳ˻Ұס
ת뿪û졣

طGﱻ˺ܴһƬأѪɺӡ
վǱհ˶ˣԼÿʼˡǵͷ֣ԭһˣԭôʹ
Ҫ۶ĽˤϣҲҪʲôʲôڣȻ׾ٵˣ׵ĳ
ȻҲʹĳ
ƿһɲǣٲ˿ĳɾͺͿУ;ɽѹΪ𡪡ʲôûˣ·ľֻһ߷ǵǡ
ƣ
Ĺôõһ߻ǴۣѾĿôãÿһ˺ѻѪҺô˵ٲʹժȡʱҲժȥ˴롣

νע㲻ôһ£ҲǰޣҲǰ󣬶ҲײȥҲһ𴯣ʹҲãҲãվҪĸϡ
߲ݡ




94

94  ... 
 
 
û𣿡ż׿˵
ʲô£һۣС֡ⲻͦõ?
šҡͷҲͺõ졪Ϻһ仰û˵ذɡ
ֹ˵ʲôأüһ̧ͷͷĺæ
˵ţͷ³ǾޱŲݡ
˵û¶ɣһۣһϹȥ
ȴҡͷ̾һ

ءطG˽æû꣬Щȵһ䡣
Ժͷأ񳯺Ժͷ
طGվԺӵ£ͷС̧ͷ
񡪡ҪںطGֲá
طGһͷҡҡͷ̾һת뿪
񲻽ĿıӰһ㶣ȻٻͷȴƼҲݶġ
ôˣ񲻴Ѻõһ䡣
ҡæ֧һ£ֲ֣Щִ١
ᣬͷҲ̧˵ѻҡһҪӡ
ʸҪŵУȴӲݸ

ǡЩĿɿڴģƽʱżȻЩˡ
ʲô¶㶣ˮȥˮ
ʿĲ⣬С˵ȥ
ݸ۸ʣźˡ
ȥġЩⲻȥ
˭ȥһԼ࣬ﳳˡ
Ŷʵͷ̽ƵģղƼƺǡϡ
꣡
ݺݵһţеĻ߽
һû֨
ȴƵģӼɻ
һŪĲˣһԵĻЪţʰѲˮݸ
ƺϲ㡪
ͬеıһͬڰա
ͷĿղ˵ʲô
Щͷת򣬷·һҲûľζûͷûԵ˵ϡܺáûɫһ䣬˵ţ㡪㲻ԡ
ʣ
ѲݺݵڵϣΪʲôˣʲôʸͷ㡪
ǲǣܾèһ˵㡪㡪
ô۾Ҫˡ
㲻ϲģ㲻ܡʺȻõһЩҲһˡ
ɫȻ̱˻Ұףҧ´ǲúûˣ
ƳЩʱ㲻֪׽ļ򣬡ʦģ
һ㣬˵
ʿĸһ㣬㡪
ž
һݺݵˤϡ
㾿ʲôˣʢŭ֮мεıˡ
ӵüӡһǹ̵ǡ
һ漴֡
ȴ׽ס
ʦġʶϵ΢΢ţ
ͷһƬհףˮֹҲֹס
񣿡ô
ľȻ
ףǸ˭ءſԺӡ
Ͳˡ

طGţ֪û˯
ϣ·кûס
ЪŰɣź򡪡طGʾ뿪

Ӧ
ÿһ죬ͷڴĳ
޵ĲˡطG֡
·ȫ֪㡣
طGֿĸһЩֻǡ˵űĶߣЩ¡δ꣬ϢȵĶϡ
Ȼû˿ķӦ
طG˫ַĴأӰʹԵĸӴ󣬰ӶӰ
˫ۿնľȻ
طGЩۣĸü
ҡطGţһģһģҡ
΢̧ͷз⡣
˵ңطG΢ЦˣûƵģᶨĸĴߣҰɡ
ƫܿǡ
طG΢΢üЦҪˡٴεͷ
Ҳܡ
طGһȻϵЦ⻹ɢҪ˵ա
Ҳܣܡָֹס̵˫Ŀ
¡طGЦ⣬Ȼ´ĸ֣ʲô£㵣šĿֱ͸ȥ
ֻҡͷˮ
ûʲô赲ǣ㲻¡طGȻᶨ˵
СĶ㿪´棬˵ʧ
طGˣɿ֣һƬհס

㣿طGǻ鶼ķŭôԣطGٴαϷŪپܵĪ衣
΢΢ĳ鴤ţĵȼžҵŭ𣬡㵽ôһεŪңң湻ˣˣˣԲԣŭţתֺȻЦطTطTȻ˸ãҲ㣬Ҳ㣬Ҳ㰡һʵĴЦȴ̲ס¡
ûϢĹԣߵףعԲס㣬Ƿģֻٱ
طGЦð˵꣬ȥ
ʧǵıӰƺѾûʲôɵĵˣȴֹҲֹסᡣ

طGͳ־Ȼóһһ֪ǱۡľżϷģ

ȴԭ̺쿪飬㶼ϱԫ

߯ع

طGؼһοεȵĴá
Ȼ˸еĲѡ

ԭ̺죬عʢ
ûҲǸڽ֮ʢļ
ȻٺõػȴҲֻܶ͸һƬϱԫ

طGδ

ʲô񿴼ʱŲﴳ
Ѷ񡪡ʼ̵˵Ժš
ǡһĲݸ
𿪿һ·ǵհ÷ʱģ½һϸСġ֡
·һС૚죬鿪ӣᡣ
ԼԭһΡվһûöӶûٵȫ
ѹһֽһ״ʣ

ǽֻǰԵ󣬻ʱ

ѱˮ䦿ī֭һƬˮãٱϲȻ

ȵȡһ·С׷סʡ
Ǹл㡣˵תûǰ档ûϽһ˿׾Ц⡣




95

95 ƻϣ ... 
 
 
ȩͷֹ۾оӨʲôʱҪ䡣
񡪡̧ͷ£ʾ
Ŷ۾ҿҵĻҪˮҪˡ
ˣ£ʲô;ʰɣһ֪Ķ㡪
ڻǴֱϣ˵ʲôˡ
˵˺ܶࡪ֪ǲĻþʵƺЩ仯ƮҲЩ
˵ԸھǡΪ˵һˡҲԶֻܡšˡƽȣƺûκεĸСʡʦ˵ٳѺľһ˿һٸ𡪡
ţҭҭЩ
ʵҲ·𽥽ģһƶ϶Ʈϡ
ٿ㡪
̧ͷ߶ģ

ǰ
硪ǰû˼ֻ׽סӰӡ
ϵûбƮʧУԴ¶ȵס֡
ͳȻҺ㡪
硪ˮʪ½󣬡ҲҲ뿪
ûΡֻĸļ򣬡Ҳߡ
ⲻܡ˵ȴû̧ͷֻһζ§֪㲻ˡ˵ֿ޵˵
Ĵϸϸܵաϡ
ֹס΢΢
Һ㡪ϢĦķޣڶߵ롪
Ҳ㡪ؿڣ˵
ǽȥӲӲۡ
߬סڡ
·˸Уӵ˱󣬡Ҳ𡪡
΢΢ԥţȻɿ֡
ĺ
ͣڵǽ̰
ȻûɵĿֻ̣۾߬졣
ҵˡȻЩƵ˵ֽȹӡ
˸飬Ȼƿɴ۾

Ĳĳ鴤

Ӱʧˡ
û
ǰֻгʣ̰
վֻǸΣˡ

ȻȻû̫״޲İ
ƭӣ߷ߵƿת½
ûСʲôܣ׽ļͳ㿴ҡ˵Ź°͡
һֽҵȻ
ûΡһжġֱĶ۾һѰԻ㲻֪Ҷ㡪
Իˣҡ˵ƮƮǰ
֪롪ỮĶپܾˡ
ҵĶһ¡طGݺԺ

ݺݵһơƿ

ʲϰݡ
ҲҪŶ䣬ƴҡͷҲҪ
ߣٴαƽһʹƿ
һ£ܣһء
񡪡ܶæŶ롣
ô£ܿŵϵǽ壬ųʡ
ʸɿһ΢΢ɫûʲôҲСܶѡ
񣿡֣ɫǵʡ
û¡鿪֣ȥˮȴֹס
ڣʧˡ

翴ǺˡܿųʵıӰ޺޵˵
¡ѣ棬Լ
񡪡§ļ磬Щѹ

ҩᴵţǰ
ȡ㱵Ľӹһ
Щԣ㾿ô
ͦõġն
ʲô𣿡ԽԽԡҽг´ɡ
ҪסǿЦЦˣ˯һͺˡ
ǣ̺ôַ

ףôǡ֣ȴ㱵⡣
ʲôæס
ͿĿ
ҲЩԾδ⸱ģæϣǺñӣڲţɫľȻ

ϡūΣȥɣطGܲء
ŶطGŲһ½ż⣬Ȼֻ˵ް˵ɡ
ϡߵףл㱵Ѿˡȥһ۰ɣ
Ӳ̫ҽˣҲҽطGһݣŵĲ̣벻֪Ȧס
´˲ֵҡͷֻ¸Ĳҩεúõġ
޾͸û취ˣطGͷҲ̧ǻȥú÷ɡ
طGҡҡͷͷ¡

ʲôݺݵĵųʣһ㺦˺Ĳ𣡡
˵һЦʲôʱ򺦹ˣ
ԼѾ㺦ʲô!ݺݵȥҲ̤һ
ǿɲɣһƣƵһ˵žͽ
λð
มһʹӦţȻͷڴǣ㲻Ҫ
㲻ǵˣʿĦֱ
ݺײħ
ٴɵ˦Ǻοء°ͣٿǡǡļͷ΢
εȻ񽥽һɡ
ĿɿڴĿħƵģӿԣ硪
ʸĦգЦˣǰˡ
ţ̱ſڣ﷢һʹ

ϣ·ʲôݰ㣬æӭһæУ񣬻ˡ
طGȴüȻϲ¡
磿ɵԳһ˿ϲһطG֡
طGЩԾܵĳ
ƵģԣϲϲָϵĻЩɵ㿴һĺòã
طGֻһ۱ͷ
ĻֻƱ˻ҪһЩ
湻ûУطĢֶһƣݺݵĺȵ
ڵأʹȻίĵᣬס·ֻʮһĺӲеĴ
طGһ£Ȼֻһ˲ѣѸٵֳ˺⡣²͸˼ݽ޶˵һַŭ
ϡطG£ԭɡ֪Լʲô
ߣطGȥ

ŭĶӣÿֶʶȴһ仰Ҳûʼл֮ȥجΡ˾һӡ
ʣطGѲ豭̨һԵĶˤŭɶ
ϡ»һ˵ȼæ֪ʲô¡
û¶طGŭļҪˡ
»ԥһ£дҶ£ԼȴסҪʰĳ档
޵Ļ𣿣طGɭĵ
ūŲң»ڵϲҶ
ңʲôҵģطGİǳ˲ϣǻʲôң
»ߵͷֹֻ
ΪЩ޲֪أطGţ޸ǣޱ˭ǡ˵ŲֱߵĻ裬ݺݵĳҹȥ
»ҲĶһһ͵ۿطGʱȴƼŴӶ棬۾Ｘ
ԭˡ
»ˣطGĻǳģ׻ΪסԱߵǸˡ

ΣһҲ˵ףţҲֻȰˡ»ť»ǰε˵
ɡť»æ֣Ȼҡͷ̾Ҳ֪񶼲˵ˣ˴ҪôšȥҾͭ˵Ļؼأ
ﰡūҲԼ£ֻūǿȥǸӡ»죬һֻһϡ࣬һûۣȥ»
ť»û˵ͷΣ̧ͷǣȥ˵˵
»ǧлͷȥˡ

»ţť»ϣæҪť»ȴֲá
ԼĵŵŰգæ飬Ȼü˵գť»һԵϾĺš
ֱһʱ࣬طGҪ͸Ƽť»ţЩԾæô˲Ǳһðɣ
ҲûСť»ЦЦҲûʲôҪ£ֻ㡪
طGȻһ£ЩԲס޽ǵա
ȣϣť»ϣҹﲻȲġ˵ͷЦЦһˣϾ͵ų檳һɡ
ȡطGͷʼһΡ
æĺܣҲûȥǡطGȻ¿ӣһ۵
֪ť»ЦЦǶأûϵǣǳ͢Ҫ
طGӾöԲסˣȴ֪˵ʲôͷСڵ෹
ǡť»϶룬æҲóԵ㶫Ȼǡ
Ŷ֪ˡطGŷ룬ͷ
ť»Ϸ룬طGϥԣ֣ʰ˵ǸиˡԼҲΪԼңɶ£ҡ̧ͷطG֪ҵõģǻۣ־Ļ¡
˵̫طGЩƵģ޿ɵ𡪡
㵱𡪡ңť»ЦһЦ֣֪һ죬ȫˣȫ¶мΪ
طGͷ΢΢Ȧȡ
ҽʷϣĹâһҲʰꡪť»Ͽ۾һһ˵Ŀжġ
طGһȣһůķա
үť»Щܳû뵽ܵطGҵĻӦ
طGƺʱٸнЩ꣬ǹˣ
ť»϶ʱЩΣطGѾü겻ˣһ£Щķ¡
һżҪ˵Щʲô
ǰ 
 95 ƻϣ ... 
 
 
ť»Ϻ׹ƿǹˡ
طGȣť»ɫԲ˯ģʹ󶯸λԼȥԼԪĸطG۾ӰôǬأ
ޡطGЩҪť»Ȱʵ̫æˡ
ԶٷҪõġť»ϺЦǷĹʡҲúóԶٷˣ
طGŭƵģţǡ˵ԼúЦ֪ˡ
ť»ɿȻʹɫȥûУ˵ء
طGɫΪ֮һ䣬һʲôÿģ
ť»֪ȰˣЩǵü˵
޹ȥͿ˼طGÿһҲѽ
ť»½ãתֱµı仯ֻδǸͷ




96

96 ƻУ ... 
 
 
񣬳ҩˣӣȴֱһȥ
㡪ԽԽô²á
̧֮ͷһۣ¶һŹֵЦݣԹԵͷ¡

̧ͷť»Ͻţæк
ϡť»ϸһͷͲһ
ֻضǻ۾оէһ·˹ݡ
û°ɣǸţ˵ˡ
ǡť»Ͼ㵵ĿͷɢĶڵϣպīʣµÿһ涼üۡ
һť»ֵʵӶˣ
üˡȦģȥ̫ҽԺ˵´˼£ȥˣǾûа취ˡ
֪𣿡ť»ʡ
ȥ˵ˣڿ޳ϲܡ
ǡȥ˵˵ť»һ룬Ҫߡ
Ҫס۾ҿˣǴҪĳˡҲãֻǸһɡ
ô죬Ϳȥɣť»ϿյߣŽҲ֪䣬øҵʲôܰģ㵹Ǹѽ
Ųţֱֻ˵۾ǸʣҿǸĵġҲΪֲ
֪ˣҽ˴Ժٽطˡť»ϵͷ̾ˡ
ܺãлˣ˵ž͹¿ͷ
ť»æסһ̾Ǻú÷ɡ

ϡ
ť»ֹطGЦʲôֱ˵ɣհǰ˺ġ
ǡť»ܻǲ֪οڣҿǲĺˡ
طGһֻȿЦЦͦã㳢
ť»ϿطGվǲһ䣬룬ֱ˵ʣĲں𣿡
طGɫ˱仯»֪飬¡
ûа취ټˣطG꣬ʹֻεͱ޵ѣҲⳤģطGҡͷ̾ľôһˣ޾ѾƣˣҲû취ˡ
㲻ʲôˣҲһť»Ͽе˵һֱҪӣҪϵôʱһأ
ΣطGҡͷ޵޵ĳУǳĿڵһ鲡˭ǽӽҪ˭˭ԽǶãԽҪ˭طGԳЦһ£ֻϧ޵ڲſס˵ť»ϵ֣ġ
ť»ﰵ̾Ϣһ£ֻûˡ

أܺȻܳʵ
Ǹո𣿡˵ȴ̲סӣôû𣿡
ұˣҲûܽô԰ӣȥ
괺ɫûС˵ߣһкС̫Ѿͷǣзʤ֮ȥļطҪϸˣ

عһס»Ƽ𣿡
»ͷҶڻߣȷûߵĶ
㶣ͷˡ˵۾괺ɫǱȥˡ

ҵ𣿡סһС̫࣬ûп񣿡
ûУǶұˣʤҲûС
ˣǾ͵˭Ƽˣ

ˡܴʰֱӺ
ʲôť»һ£ţûаѸҹҡͷֵǣ᲻ǡť»۹һ£ס˴ʽĶ𣿡
һ㶣ɫһ䣬
˵Ҫţť»æں棬ȥĶ
Ƽϱɽţ͡

ߵɽ£̧ͷȻƼһɫӰ±ߣŽţֻ£ڱһ˼ݺĻ
񡪡ܺȥ߰ɣ󣬲Ҫˡ
ûƵģԵĲŻһдʣͷźͷ
񣡡ܰյѰɣ
ǣɵǺǵЦˣֻƣϵƣǡ
ҵĺӣһȥա֪޾˳棬һߣһİŪŻ
ţȻ񱻵Ѩһ㡣Ѹת㿴òá˵ָϵһûüݡ
ãҡͷתҪߣҪסѾˣͷ˲Ƽ˲Զĳʡ
ס۾һܾҪȥﻹס
磡˽ʻ֡㿴ұĺòá˵ŰĻϡ
񣡡ζߺ޵ĵųʡ
ܺǡȻųʵ־ܣҪ׷ǣ
ڱߵ˲䶪һôɭܲ

ǺǺǺǡųʵվ򷽰ϺȻЦֹߣ׷ǣ
šʿаı飬ֿ򷽰ͣһΣն̼⡣
§Ĳ˵˾ʲô
ʱ糺죬ã
û˵ġŪһκòã
תȥȻ˿ɰķۺɫ
վߣĸĲӣ׵Ķ̷·Ӥ̥һ㣬ϸϸƻƣ΢΢š
̲סҪЦתȻڽųƵһϡ
ڳʣǼ㲻һǣƮֻӹյһ˿ϸꡣ
ȻطGǱһյˡ

ҪЧˡ
طGƴƾ಻ǡÿǸȻһǡ
طGīɫʾ÷·طGڿࡪ޺ŭţţҪըˡ
һ˲䣬ʾԼֱһʥˡ

ҩôûЩ֣ƽһζܵڣôˣ˵ֻ
˯Ļ
̾һڡ
ȴˣʱ΢΢һʹ
ʹæʵ
˵ϣҡͷʹһ濴ɫ˯˼ʱˣأ
˯²ãҩûأȻʶʱƺͿ
ЩҩҲգ˵Ҫ´ȴƳԼСϺüƵСӣףôֲˡ
ˣЬܹεģ˵ŶЬࡣ
ȵȣ˵ʲôȻסʵ
ϱɽϹ֣ɲôôðʧ˵ȴҲǹ̽
û֨ȻɫΣȻ֣߬Ϊʲôһ㶼ǲˣ
Ŭƽ룬˯ͷ˰ɣ
ԴƴĻ䣬ȴʲôҲǲˡ
ָŵذ壬δļУ⣬ô£
һ㶼֪𣿡
ˣô߬ĸ첲ָ׶Ҫȥ룬롪˵һһԵӣżʹһԼǻþ

ðɣһһƴĳססһʲô
ҡ۾ǰĹ⾰ʼˣӰ½룬Ȼֶһ£ۣ촽Щ鴤Ǹ졪˵ؿھҵš
ŲĻһһεںϳһʵ

һҧгݵ룬ǾôûҲĹܹһ춼ԲѰ
ţƵƳһϵҩ롣
ҩ
ȻΨһĲֻͬһ֮ûаʱĳҩ
ˣ´˲ڣֲϹܣҩ¿ôأ
ų񣬺Ȼʹͷʱ߬ؿڿڴߣʹֱ
ôؿڡ
Ŀںۡ΢΢ľţôҩû
ٽ˴ߴߡȴǣİҩȥֻҪˡ
ѾŲסˣ۵
ţͷܵٿǸӣվǲģҩ˽
Ȳİҩȫȥ
һüͷչȻ񽥽
ô
ҡͷȻ˵λƵģ۰˵űᵹڴ˯˹ȥ
ޱȱĿ˵һ仰

Сӣһߣ֪֪´ʲôʱܻ
СҡͷĸײءŪþͻزˣǿأ
ǡţǣ֪֪ҩļ򣿡
СӻҡͷŸλ˵ȲǲֻЩ̫ҽԺĴС¶ˡʣôֲô
ȦЩ죬䵽زĲ֪ôˡ
ĴȥҲһİաСӲ˼
ֻϳʲô˵Ĳֻ֢¸ûˣ
СҲЩѹˣģǺˣҶ֪ȻЩѴҲһʱģҲûʲôˡ
۾ţ˵ǣֻǵδؾкñء

ôҴҵҪȥأӭť»ϱЦӴźˡʲô˲ˣ͵ĶԺдԳأ
ť»ҲһЦƺҲҪͬһطȥơӴҲ𣿡
ôԵֿϸһЦȴ̶ô롪˵Ÿť»õ

ˣʲô֢ûУ
࿴ť»һۣ¶ɫ
ôл˵ť»Ͽ
ҡ࿴˺һۣҲһۣɡ
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޲ùȥһ⡣
˿ֿť»ϣݵ顪
ť»һ㶣ӾһƬհףô 
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ť»ҧһۣ˦ֳȥˡ
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97 ƻ£ ... 
 
 
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ȥϣطT̵˵žͳ

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ޣطGıܲмΪ޻ǵĳĵ𣿣ļʶǳһ㣡
طTϵĽһ£ûбתɫһ䣬һЦݣðȻ㶼ôÿʲôأôգһһͷطTչȥ٬һЦҲǰͺǣֻ㣬Ҳֻŷɣ
һ£ȻطGʹطGѪһӶ嵽ͷȻǿŲںԣ
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طGɾ裬붼һŹȥֱطTĿڡ
طTһ
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ðطT޵һҪ£Ҳԣһ仰˵ǰ棺ȻһľҸ˵һ죬ĺڣͻҪ
𣿡طGм˵Ǿƣ˭ǸŲµģ

С̫ҿУҩ
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˵Ĳĸֲ࣬ܲ˵Ҫ޸Ǹ쵰취ɣǧǸڰ
ĵͷ롪롪һڵĴ
ǻδ˵꣬ҵĳ鴤һ£ȥ

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ڸʲôˣǿǾô׵ˣȪ֮ҲĵģȻܹ죬ܵˣһУϣ
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£ȴ飬ϸãϸһ˿΢Ц

ҩˣڴߣ˯ڵ΢ЦţȺ˰ɡ
۾˿ͷš
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죬ƫͷ
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ˮΣȻЩѵ֮ǰĲǶģҲĺЩǺܿͷˣܵģģֶҲ̫ˣ˲òĻǡ

ϣǳЩɡ»Ȱз֮ûʳˣһҹӣôڣӿܲ˰
ˣˣطGЩͷɡ

ť»أ
ϿϳԷأ˵ûˡƵ˵
Ҳɣť»ϵ˵
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򢣬۾ֱĵȥ
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Ż˯ʼҪмˡȢŮˣһô򵥣ֻҪ̫ࡣ

磬Ҷܺˣ˵ŵݹȥһӣھĶƷϹԱǺҢģϸĲࡪ
꿿ٵһ飬̧ͷЦˣɵƯϵܣԸŮˣ㻹һֵģ
һЦǸ۹ãһֱҳ⣬Ҳڲôı
Լֵܾͱ¿ˣ֮أ߬һĵӣ̼ؾоˣļ硣
ȻЩмƵģ磬ĿҲδ̫ǳȻֻΪ˱סǳ̼ҲҢǣֺα˴£ҡͷЦЦǧټƵİѾͷŪ֣ΪĿɲֹأ
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ʲô˼ģиӡȻʡ
磬ͷİɣֻҪպԼ˻ӦʱִݵһЦǲʲôѴ

ĶȥҺ˯ˣһˡʸһžͱŸ첲
ѽöȥʴӱ󡰱䡱һС㿴
ģţҲ²¡°ͣһ룬ЦˣǺóԵģǺģ
أôŰɣҸ㣬Լ˵ǣױ̨ǰļ磬һ۽ܱķͷβޱߡ
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ֻ˼ӣܴݵժŻسʵģĺƯ硪֣ҲҪⶫ˻ȥɡ
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ֻипԹ˵˰ԭޥʣݣ˻ǧ꣬óʺ󡪡ϧֻٵһӡ
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ð֣һǽϵ̯Ķֱһϵһ嵱ҡͷȻǺõģûһԹصģҿأ
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򵥣񰴱ҪĶļ㡪ЦЦǰеİȻҲҪȵǸˣźжء
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ӶรԼྭӪĽɽܹˣǼޱҸ£ֻϧһжڴʱ䣬ɴµĴѡ񡪡ýŶľȥȡůڣܡ

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һ˼⣬ͷףһСĵġ

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ǰأ˽ûֵеˣһһ˵ʲô󲡣µġ
Ǹ˼ЩֻǸҩҪͣһͣˡ
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࣬룬ͷ˼ȢĵҪΪıӴԼһûء
ˣһЦǵȷϲҪ˳ˮۣ󷴶ð
Ǿôװ׵İţ㲻ÿЦƵ˵
ԿǸʴЦʱԼ̲סϳأ˶ľɫ鲻Խˣ뷲˵кô˴£
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񣿡˳ҩպọ̀ɣҩȺˡһƻ˯
þûôܹˣ۾ܡ
쿴ȷѵģʣæס죬
ʲôʣ˵˵ҩڹءˡ˵æסгںܺãûκ⡪
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ָͷ㣬жʮˡ˵𼱣ҿôҲûô㡪
ҺʶĹѣʶʳڡ
ÿǶ˯׵ģ̺Ӷ̲סЩЦҿûԽ֮
ȴֵ̿ӣָεץŴЩʲôԼһ㶼֪Ҳ֪
ܺáĺܺãҩȺҩɣҪˡ˵һĸο
ӹҩ룬һЩ˵ֻ벻ͨΪʲôѾĻֻȢҲ˳ˮ顪˵ǰҲҲиԵʲſϼ޹˵ҡҡͷε飬ǾôЩε˼
˵ˣͷʹĶ㿪йʵġ
Ҳûʲôѽ˵˵ЦЦģճһһߣһ˯ûʲô 
 98  ... 
 
 
㲻Ҫ˵ȥˣ棬ˮָʳ
ĬĬ֪ǶôݽˣȴֻܿҩҪţѾж޲ǾͲʶعˡ

һЩ̧ͷŪһµоѵƵĽЩ顣ûſڵĶŲʱתѾˡ
ЩԾȱӦе׼ֻЩεЦЦ㲡ţôúЪš
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һ£Ǳʶʶֱ־ԵΣ͵ʳ֣ٿ㣬˵
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ſҡĻԳʼƻܵĹᣬԵú쵰
§֪Ѿʤ׷ߵ˵͵ǣҡҲʲôֻһáѳζǵѰ뵽ףֻҪܴ˲ö飬լʺĻᶼϸңֻҪӵһҲԸ⡪
֪ԼûҭҭĿţ㿪Ŀ⣬˰û˰ͼȡҹģС޵ķôǣ
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99  ... 
 
 
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Žڴߣҡҿܰһˣǻܼϸһ棬Ҳܰǡһ󣬡ǡЩؼҡط
񣡡Ҳ̲סˣϹ˵Ǵ󸻴ǰʲôûСô᰾أۿһȥĿȻô϶ǰٴѹأδ˵ĻΣҲİסˡ
취ҧ캬ͷģһаү㡪

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ĺˣЦһӣ㻹ǻȥúչ˹ɣ

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꿲ģİɣ˵ģ˷ҩˡҲʲô󲡣һ͹ȥˡ
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˼Ȼ˷ˣȻ֪ߵһϸġطָ棬᲻Ĵ۷
񡪡طTҡͷΪҢѾϾȥ̯Ķڽϲ𲽣ʱȥҲģûۡ
»˭⶯ǣطKЩסˡѲԼڧﷴɣ
ҲûܡطTƽǵοҲһ飬ҶûˣۿĵķȻɶġֻҷĲƬĽĵ˴㣬䲻ʲôö
ǰ˸˼طҵ˶
ǾϻطTЦЦˣȻ¶βһɡ

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𼱣˵ͳһֻŷ⣬үϲôġ
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ү濡ţĵһ˿ĪĿֻţԼҪ¡
ǺǡЦȴſɬ۾Ĺâһţ񣬡лˡ
Լʲôģ˵æվ裬ȥɫĲ

ֻˡܿȥǺЩߣֽӷҲǰ취
ֻܶż
ˣֽƼЦ!
ȴȻɫ
ù
㲻ǰɣΪǼеƵĿ
ô˵Щӣֽţ֣Ȼ־Ͷ

ʲôܲס
лɫࡣ

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סˣһһ˵ҲĴΪʲôֱ˵أ
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㡪˶Щȣ֪Ҫʲô˵ľٶ
İɣûôɵƽ˵Ȼɫʼղ԰ףҾˡֻ֪ô˵꿴ЩǵӣǿЦЦ֪ӲӲġ
Ѿͷ࿴֪˵ʲôá

ڴߣٴϸϸĿֽʼ¶ֽ֪Ҫαɸϳõģֻǡ߷̵һЦٵˣϵطTд֣ҪϵġġȱȥġԭСʱЦ˵СӼҪۣ֮ĺ֣˱αĿ

ǻ˵ˣΪʲôأΪšǣ¼ɶ֣ȴ׸һ涼йˡ
˷磬θŻҩͷѣ񶼲
ң˷Ҫˣÿ춼ǸԻҩŻһɶҲưոݵġ
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ⲻܣܡطGҪ޵ģô˸磻ôҲ˵˵һôˡ̫ˣ֮ǰͿǰ֪Юһ׵Ŀӵ֪ʲô˺˲ķ 

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ţһ£̧ͷû׼úѵԡ
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˵ûСʴյ㣬̵ġĺƮƮĸڹǡ
ŭƵģվȻ־̫ˣ³ʻɣֻ̧ͷһЦҲ˯˵žӡ
ʿЦŵͷȻ׳ˣĿơҪСˡ

̫̫߹Ľ
ʲô°ŪأºԸ֪Ҫô
Щ𣿡̫̫ЦЦʣأֻӲãֲš
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лˡ̫̫Ъţһл
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ǡԼҪˣӲĿڣô궼źϰߡ
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̾˿ԼСģѾݵˡǵеԼˣ֮󡪡
ˡ
֪ô飬ôԺЩʲô練ƣû˱۰ǽ첻飬еزӦˡ




100

100  ... 
 
 
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ү˵ˣĲûȫҪţŷ磡˵ޥͲߡ
ˡһ룬ˣıȦˣҲóô죡
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ЩܳƵģæҪ檻֣̿æĺܵģų檡
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Ҳ˵ǿ׵ˡ˵ᣬֻʻϡǰŲŲӣطG֣ӣá
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ҪȰ㵱ġ»ᣬ֪ˮǳҪˣҪԿ

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ҪʲôٸвҪֹȻѱţѰŰһǶġ
Է鷿ûһܴ򿪵Ĵ
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ޥޥ緹һѴӴס֣֪û裡ҳȥ
ޥˣæְ֣ɣҲң˭һ費˵Ҳ㡪㻹Ǳˡ
ˣҪǲȥҾͲԷ˵߿Ͻӷˡ
ޥ̷ֻڴаϣȰǺúóԷɡ˵ˡ
죬һ㶫Ҳԣǳֻ̼ǰʱͶһĻҲ˵Ҳȫûз˼

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Ҫ֣ȴԶĵطƯһ㣬ùŹ֣׷ȥ··зڴ߶Ƶģ׷ĺܿ죬Ȼȴʼմ
ߡˣ˹ȥʵʵڻú㣬׽!
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ǡҲҸЩӸŶôġطTĿȻҲ㾡ˡ

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һ˷˵ĶƵڵؽѵϣƹĵطһȺڿţȻ⾪Ӵܡ
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ѽаһЦͷʵû㿴ء˵ŽлѵƹһƫǶϡƵģƤе¶Ѫ߰ߣǱӴǰԻŵɫ˿ߡ
һʣ
ޥ

㣡ָץֱۣ㲻ˣţ޺ſңħ㡪ء

ˣһѾһԣǽϣֱֱĶ鷿Ķҵ£ߣ³мƳһĵؽѣ㡪һΪжı£鷿յƬ߲棬㻵Ĳһ¶ֵķ۾ˣҸ㣬Ҫţ㡪󼸸죬һһų
㵽Ҫô޵ʧ촽ϡ
ҪĶˡҪǲߡڣڵؽѿڣҾͰ͵棬ȥץ½󣬾ҵĴϢţҲҪҪ
ãקǾ͹ԹԵҵģãٸܣŶݻ֮ĺ֡
ҲˣȻڵأ˺ѷεĿޣٲˡ
ʿϵЦһ˿мã㲻á

ӣôˡޥӢӭſڣۿɫҰæϼһѱסҡҡ׹㡪
ҡɫϣһ˵ǰֻιޥĲ״һ۾һʹȥ

ЩɣѹѹޥӢС룬˵
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 101  ... 
 
 
ᣬ޷Ӧ
ޥӢ룬ֻ˵ȥģȥġ
һϥϿ޵ıݲѡ
㿴·ϲˡޥӢָָȹһȥϴ
ֻǿޣ޵޲
ޥӢЩ޲ߣԱ߿ޡ
ЩˣȻ̧ͷҭҴˮϴ衪
ޥӢһ£ڣ
һ£ˣңҲϴˡ
ûû£ޥӢЩ˼Ƶģȥˮȥ˵žȥ

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ɿֱˣͷȷޥӢͰ֪ˮллˡ
ûû¡ޥӢͰҪߡ
ҰǸݹɡ˵ָָϵֽ
ޥӢ㶵ģѸٵĳֵֽݸ
Űվ̫Զˡ
ޥӢŲһ㣬һͷƼˮµķӯʵؿڣޥӢһƫͷȥյĳ졣
Щ죬㡪ôˡ
ûû¡ޥӢͰ͵ģҴǰûûź˼ϴϴ衪
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Űɣ̺򡪡ӳϵӰվĲϵˮ飬¡
߰Ĵ£ֻ´ϤϤ죬û⵽ޥӢ⼱ٵĺ
㣬㶼ˡޥӢվǰֻͷϻʪģʱˮ
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ҡȥˮޥӢһ㣬ȥͰһվš
ֻһڴߣѾûбºȥ͸ڲˡ
ǣţֻİѱߣʲôȥ
վ˩Ϸţ´˩ڷϡ
ʱ˽ˡ

ӣ
ǰģޥӢнɱ档
㡪һͿԣҲǡ
ޥӢæ죬һͿ㡪˵ſڿһۣѹүƼô죡
ᣬΪʲôѾܲˣûг·㡪޵ıݲѡ
ޥӢҲֻǸˣʲô·
ҲܣܡѾû·ȫҰɡ
ޥӢķ
㣡˻ŭֻ߿ǣ»У㡪
ô£ޥӢƺҲЩŭˡ
ܲڲ˽㣬˵ϻΪʲô
ңΪ㡪ޥӢѿڶȻæϸĿڣΪңҲģ
Ŀ۾ĹâۿҪϨ
áޥӢҧΪңһҪȥ
Ҳ޵ʲôˣƾʲô
ҡޥӢǺת԰ףҲʲôˣԵ룡
һ£ЦԵˣ
ǣޥӢҧЩˣЩҲ˵ˣ
סˣûϵޥӢô˵
һԳİ̾һʲôûң˭ˡ
ޥӢȻ̧ͷĿ⾼Ŀǵġ
Ȼһ£ƺʼˣǡ
ƺûˣޥӢ˼𡪡
̫ˣ




102

102 ̱ ... 
 
 
սһ£ԭޥӢԵ˫ѸٳԼļ硣
𡪡ޥӢе
ֻĸëȻ㣬ӡ
ޥӢһ£Ȼܿ˼ҧ´ƺ˺ܴƵģȻ̧ͷ͵ĳ½󡪡

սгȴޥӢ˹ææס˿ڡ
㣬㡪˵Ӧһƿǽ߿һ
ޥӢͷں½̧ͷ㶼֪ˡֿˣ£Ҳ˵һ֣Ҳ빫ұܡ
˵Ӷһγֲ֧סıʡ
һʣ㣬Ϊʲô
ޥӢĬһ˵Ϊ㡪
ˣҡͷҲֵá
ҴǴ긮һμҾֵ֪áޥӢû۾һĹʣʱ㴩ŶƵСӣѩȹӣ˯ﻭô˵ͣһ£΢ЦţҢʱǺεȵҫεȵİԵʲôǣ˯һ¡
ֹֻҲֹסıˣɫľʹ
Ңˡеʡ
ǲҪֻ΢Цֻû뵽⸮ôū澣ڻлߡ
߰ɡ
ǡƺƵġ
Ҳ鷳ġƺ֪ʲôԼһ
ȡޥӢͷȥˡ

벻Ȼ̫벻׵£ףļֻǲϵһ£˽ӽ㣬һ㣻˶ãһҪ㡣
ǶǰԪ̹ģڹô꣬һֱŲţڣ
һΣĪðһޥӢ˻ĵĳߣڿ˵ŶĽѾ䵽ⲽˣʲôҪģҪֵİ취ǧټƵĽӽ
̾Ϣţû׷ȥ̫Ҫúõ˯һˣ֪죬죬֮ʻúܲпķʽȥǱˣҪһξһ㸧ο֧ȥ

ޥӢϸսţƼ£æͷһ㡣
ɣ˵ţ룬òÿҲˣʲôɶġϷݵ浽ң
ɡͷޥӢչӹӣȥˣھϸϸĿ
һޥӢҲ쵽ˣͣЩ̣ô
ûʲôƽųһһز¶Ļ
ͷʰˣޥӢӣˣַ£һֹۣӡ
ԼȣͷҲ̧ʣ˵ʲô
ҡޥӢܿٵߵߣȷֻĶ˵֪ȥ
ˡһûŲ豭ûȣޥӢȴ첽߹ӣƴѲõҹ裬Ժȵģ
һ£ϴӣޥӢ˵а취
һۣͷǵһ衣
㡪²ɡ
ޥӢ
ˡƽĶ룬һڣܺȣ˵ġ
ޥӢĿһȥ˵Σͷҳȥɻˡ

㡪ʴżƽһ֪߷ơʲô
ֻһЦ˵ءƵǰĿĺƵһһ
ॡײһӡ
û·
ʳԿһۣʹֽİֽŰϡ
ɫˢİˣ֪ʲôԸֻԼĸоɭ֮
ȥûǵ¶ˡʻ˵꣬˶£۽˷š
˵ҵ鷿֮ǰҪ㡪ʱ֣ŲæߵǰȡֽʣҪʲô˵
ôҧ޺޵ĵһš
ʰס󣬡ҶǻۣԽԽյǰ٬Ц㣬˻ء
ƫ㿪
˵ҵ鷿µĲٺöٸɾƲƲǣ磬һЦԣǣ˵ʲôһһʮİ齻ҾͲΪ㡪
ޡΣ
ӴƢ󣬡Цȴͣæ˵˵Ǹ˵Ĵ̿ô°
ҧ죬һֲ¡
ʴѥͲһСѩź⣬ǰ˼Ц֪ǲġǲõֶΣֻ㲻ɿڡ˵ֻƽôһŦˢˢĵ䣬ýĹӱһӡ
ҧصʹȴֻоؿڵһ⡣
ͷԼ³ţŴһȣʷϷŪţ߷ߵҧ´ͷƫ
ǳȴõĵ°ͣޱնǰ֪㣬Ȼװĸ磬Ϸĸ֡һ¡˹˵ţһֶĴָƲ´ƭ˱ˣƭҡٽЩֻϢ˵㻹Ǹء
߷߾޴սţʺȻ֣ѵĴЦ
֪ˣ֪ˣֻʣ¾̣ʼ٣һĪĿֲʼģȥ
룬ʿαϣƵģŵ棬ҽҪ˵ĸ㶯˵ӡ§ļ磬аЦţһе᲻áָŵգòáչһ׮˵һ׮֪ģ֪ģ˵΢ģֻй̵Ķ࣬Ȼаޱȣ˵ϡҾͻһѣ˵ҲһѡĶԽԽң֪£סļ磬üӴĲء಻桪
㡪쵰ţסᣬô죬ô죡
ʲмһЦ˳ŸղųȥǿţӺ͵ذײ֨֨졪ͣؿڣʷЦڣҲûʲôˡ֣ļѣֻʣôӣҪүӣү͵Ҫƣ˶ҪŮˣǸʲôζ˵ţȻ»
Ҫ
һޱຮ
ͣķӦ
ң˵޵ĳҭţ϶³֡
ã۾һ첽ǰī˵
ܣɣǣҸˡֻ˵˼֣̲סʹʧܲסĥҪȫ׺ϣȴҪ磬ܲˣ޲öʵĵ˶Լ
ʲôʱ򱻰ȥġʼһͷҲ̧ʣ硪
ңңҲ֪Ĵţʾ֭ȴһƬհף֪
ŶʻȻƵģһЦðɣ㲻֪˵ᵶֻһɣɻɫȹ˳ֱס
̴ٵһԽơ
ǲ֪ôʵĵȻ¡һǻȥֻʣһ׿ˡ
ҵĲžžĵ䣬Ƕ鴤ңң벻ǡָճڣһѩ˫Ⱦͺεı¶ڳǰˡ
ء޵ʹ֮વģ㣬ŹҰɡңٲҡ㣮Ҫңʲôáء
ʰȹĨһ಻桪ƲһЦ˵˵ñͬŲ¥иġ簲ȥɢİɣ
˵ֻ΢ĵ˵ͷ
ɢЩʲôѽʹ⿼һѵӻǰȻš
˵˵ʰگ顪ĸӾңһУԼü޵衪Ѿң˲ô࣬аָĴбò˵ȥԭ꣬ϡ

üˡʿһҳֽ΢Цһ£±ʣ˵ˣ˵񸮣ʲôˡ
Ѿ޵ᣬ΢żؿڶţҡֻҡҡͷ
ƺѾԤϵƵģʵĵڻǰʱֻĶһ¡Ϊϣֻ˱ͣѩ׵ļؿ̻¶ɣֻƴĹ˿簼͹ˡ
׵̫õĶƺ൱ã̻¶ĶڽʣļƬȵ⣬΢΢ľЩ಻סѩ޳Ⱦڵʽţϸķ·ľϸŵ񣬡Ŀ£ϥǣ½ʣǳɫ׿㣬øζµĴţؿڵףȻеݣýԼǿ󣬹Ԧô
ɤһһѣ̫ͷײαһѣΣһѹϥͷ̧򢣬ָⲦŪؿڵǿ鲼˵ֻʣôˣԸо·ϴڼĥļ򣬡㻹ʲôǮ˵˵ȥҧĲļѣ촽ļ
ĲӽţҪ޺ȴѾ죬źҵĺȣȴԵøҰס
ʲͷ죬˻Ƶĺһ˺ڱһƬ
ԥģʳָݺݵҧȥ
ʲҽһһƿŭĿŵѪָʮָģһʹˡ
㣿߳ŭһƹȥǱһ
ݵģ۾ĿһײУ˹ĲӿҸ㣬ģҡ㲻Ը⣿ߣҿĸյү˵ףҾǹһٻأ˭ܰôˣ°ͣҧҪ֪Ȥ͸ҹԹԵȻҽҪ㣬аһƲ죬ЦЦһҪѻ¡˶㰤ź򡪡۾ＫȵľͿ־壬ù񫣬ʱҪãܡ
ҵҡţ 
 102 ̱ ... 
 
 
һ˿ظսĿƺ˵ҪҪҪҪ
ҪһЦǿɲ㣡˵ֳµĵ׿㡣
ʹţֻͷײҲѵ˻˵ȫ˵ҵҡУأ棬ӣɽеŮ
ʵʱǱЩĶվʰֽƵǰֵӡ
ٺһеץʣҲʣݲݵдһ˲ԼдʲôΣֻƴİ뵽һϵֻѶˡ

үޥӢ˳һۣһֽ֮ɫ
Ŷûʲô飬ָָӣȥü·

ޥӢһž;ˣֻм˺Ƶǿͷɢ˺ۡ
㡪ޥӢ˳ץֱһϣѣѻȥˡ

طTһ
ôϾæļ硣
ô˯ˣطTϱѹ˵ҳü
̫˰ɣҪȥЪЪϾеʣһƽҳ
áطTδĸؿڣҸոգμȥԣ˵Ŀ̲סһ̵
үҪذϾǵ˵˵ôˣ
ߡطTٵĴϢţöѪöѪ
ѹĿˣجΰɡϾź󱳣ο
ǡطTƿļ٣ǵġһֱҾֻ߲Ŀһˣһǵģƶ
ϾܳȥסϵģĶȥѽ
ȥ
ɣϾҪȥҲȥǼ˵Ĺ׸磬ҲûвкҹӲѽ
طTͣס˽Ų൱ģ϶£϶ǵġ
ϾطЪţʼǻ겻ᣬϾԾ̾һ

ˣޥӢߣЩĵϲɫȿˮɡ
͵ѱĸһЩ
ûˡޥӢѹˮ룬Ҫǲˮ㣬ʲô
ģ·ȥһ㡣
ޥӢ޲ˣΣ˵㻹ǲô
Ȼ׽סֻ֣Ϣûİ󣬡ߣߣ㡪㡪




103

103  ... 
 
 
үû꣬طTȻڳǰˡ
ӴŲæ
˰գÿסطTֱ֣˵˵ðɡҽ
ȣһЦЩкҲ׼
ʲô׼ģطTĮԶ׼ãҪǰк㲻ɣ
ңЦţֻǡ۾طTһתȻҲ֪ƳطTɫı仯΢΢һƲһǲõģҪԣƺ󷽱㣬һҪӰ죬ֻ¶Ժӣá
طTѾûӦˣ˼άֻͣһϣС
ƺӭ쫷磬һϢˣѹϢ
ү
طŢְ˰ͷʵûкֻʶԼĲ
ȻˣطT˵㣬Ҵ˵ˡ
ȻġһЦȸ׵ˣٵϿ

æģһѷס꿣ײײĽţżϡʲô¶ô
أ¶Ҳң꿳ھү˰ɣ
ȣҵʲô¶أƽһЦȥˣʲô
ȥˣߣ˵ˣ˼ֱҪˡ㲻ѾΣڵϦ𣡡
ΣΣʹһЦʲôҲûʲôµģ
Ӧ˽ܲԶ˰ɣһͣ˵һʱһһ¾ٽڣܲڵʱֻһζڰɣôҴţվɵģ
ġʷ£Ե˲ϵһ졪ɵЦЦѾˡ˵Ÿ䡣
㡪꿲һ룬;ŻϴյĲģ
ꡪæһѰסҰѻ˵
˵ʲôһ£ɱڵģ˿Ǵ˵꿼ˡ
ѽǡֵô𣡡ЩЩ꣬˵дôһöûУҲҪڣôҲǻף˵ɱɱʴսˣ˶Ŀķӡ˵ֵ˵Ρ
òã꿻ֱҡͷչأҪԹᣬˣܻǣ
ҰɣʾͲظˣϲһʰˣ񸮻ʲôӦ˵ģ
ǡʼղŷɲģ
ͰĵҰһж׵ɣгĳ꿵ļ

һ䣬Ҳܿл뿪ˣޥӢںŴ
Ǳ̧ͷ𡪡
Ǵٽ𣬽֤˶Ŀ
ɱɱɣޱƽͬһʯ񣬡粻ˡ
ҲǲĶ֡ޥӢһЩҲֻơֻӴӸѹ
˿ͷ־ֲֽһ̧ͷƺҪ˵ȥ
ôߣֱص㡣
ʡޥӢִ֮а취ޥӢ̧ۣĿ⾼дġ
˺ܴƵģֲһ䣬һң
ֻתȥᵽ޷̾˿

طGȱߣŲƽ羵̾Ϣ¶Բˡ
ֶ˾ƣȴûƺ
ʰꡪ֪ʱģִƣԼϡ
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˵ģҲƵġطG㿴
Ϊʰֻǵáƿһ˵
طGƺл
Ϊ¾ƺ϶ˣˣ͸ðЩŮ鳤˰ɡ
طG΢΢Щ
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ʰꣿװ֪Ƶģݹȥ
طGֲãֻ΢΢մỨٶˮת̧ͷˮлл㱵¡
ʰꡪѾƱݵУƺʧԣʰˡա˵Ź£Ҫɱ֮ơ
֮СطGҡͷ̾Ϣ˵ĶԣҶϣԼܿЩ۰еĶˡ
ߣ̧ͷ΢΢ҡε¹⡣
ҶϣطG૵
ʰꡪõĿζѾ͸Ƥλε¹ҲԽĺ
ԵġܿԵġ
طGһҹɫθ΢΢Ҳԡˮ䣬ǧٴΣЩʱΪԼѾͷ̾죬ɫҲŷ֣üǵõģ
ʹ˵һ䰲οĻ

үޥӢŲ
ģͷһۡ
û¡ޥӢǫЦЦҸүͲȥ
ȣŵϵĸֶȥ
ޥӢȴ˼ĿıӰüͷһ壬Ȼ󽥽ɿ

ͷӸһˡô˵ȴûаǫ
ھ̨ǰһͷױ̨վſڡ
Ӵ·³һͷ
ľ֨֨¸µĴ򿪣һСݽ¶Ŀ
ү˵ˣҪ湫ʰӣίһɣ
̧ͷһۣӣȻûס˵Ļˡ
֪ˣܰߵԣȥϵĸ
¿һжŵǡôת¡

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ƺƺƽɳ󣬉鲻ˡգ·ֱߵܹƵġ
ˮӴȺɽףϲݿݣ˪
ɲ£ȺҴᣬ籯֡ͤԻ˹սҲ
еת֮
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
ҲҲսϴ˵Ĺգʱƾǣޡ
ȥ΢΢̾ƵģͷҸѾ롣ѱˣѾڳ޵Ļ֮лΪ촷ۣǵԼĴڻʲôɡ

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Ѿµĵˡ
ҵĿǺţȴʹࡣ֪ͿҪˡ
ȻꡪŰѵ졣
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ȴȻ΢΢ĵ

һâغڰһ˿΢硣¼˸ĵȥ
΢Ȼ峺ĵһΡͯţϣԿӻҰĲ˻ۻơ
ѩӣ˵ļ硣

ϣ»ɫȻĴҴҽ
طĢͷлʣѯҪ˵һС
ϡ»ԥţ˺ܴľƵģū˵ˣǧ𡪡
طGЩͷ˵
ϣղ˷ɱ˵ʧ𡪡»˵һ룬طGϣ֪ˣʲôñģȻ˲ˣ
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طGһ£⻰ʲô˼
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طG΢ֻƿһǣǰһƬڡ

ͼĵ

ϣ»һѷסĻ
طGסӣ̫Ѩ㡪״Σȥ顪ȥһˣ
ϣ»ס˵ˣһʬףյĽ飬ϲˣ
ϣ»ȴҲֲ֧סģ̫ҽ




104

104 ˷ ... 
 
 
ǵһֻϳӣһδ֪ķ
ߣ
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105  ... 
 
 
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룬ξɶǣͷڸѧʿԼ¿Ƶļλ飬ֳţǵʿʱϸϸٺĬͬʿȱ裬ͷϸȰһᲢãܽƴ
طGЩļ򣬸пѣүүû㰡
ʰꡪЩ˼
ôöӣ޵ĿԣҲܷĵͷ齻ˡ
ǸѧŰˣЩԣʰꣿ
Щ죬ñκʱ򶼿ࡪطGɿĿڣһҹЩļ尾ܲù˵̾Ϣһ̫ˡҡͷʱĲ롪
ʰꡪ·ϥȰʰ䡪϶Եڣ¶Ե̸ֺءΪ˼ҹ£һʱһиοա
㲻طGҡͷ㲻޶ԲǸˣѾ˵Բˡ
ʰ꣡ҲʹǿŰο˹ţʰڰɣҪΪԼˣ
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ʰ̧꣡ͷᶨ˵˵Ҫһһ٣ӣǵõùþҹӣΪ˹ùãҲð·´ｭɽùһŮң֪ڵĻҵãôΪбʹΥԸأ
㣿طGûϵȰɣµ˵λ֪䲻ɶΪ֮̾һһʼӾһڱˣʵ˹¼ҹ֮
ΪѣΪѣΪϼѡ

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ſۣӡ
û֨ͷ
ֻһۣȫˣˮǼûա
ū¹ͷֹ
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ϣСֹƵģ
ôˡطGͷû̧
ҪСӿһ£ȥһ۰ɣ˵²ء
ŶطGƺֵĺĮȻȻͣ˼룬±ʣȥơ

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ҡͷǿЦֻµȲˡţҸүЩ꣬үûпңԸûǸ
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ԭָܰѺҲиݵҡͷ֪Ǹ粻үġ֡˵ȥһ󣬡һָʲôء
ť»ϸҪ˵ԱСӹк˵ݸɫ
ť»æ񣬽طGýͬʱطGһۣ˼Ǻôչ˵ЩĻ
طGֻһۣ۾ȫûյĹʣ֪ĲˣֻȴĲƵĺȻ
ôˡ΢΢Ƶģ֣۾Щۡ
үңûϵطGϵǸжģ̲סĵ
ʲô˵ˡطGһĶޣԲ㡪
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طGȻˣͷԼŵģҪɱҢã缤ˮһ£̾һֻúա벻ĻҪߡ
ָһɣȻɫ亹ֻһƵģֶʱɫۣť»ƲԣҪ̫ҽʱȴû͵ȵã۹һ䣬һ˿
ť»˹ȥ߬ҡﻹҡѣ
طGԭأһ
ϣť»Ϻûˡ
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ϣͷ絷⣬ѾȥˣϽڰ
޲ܣ޾ȰطG񲣬ƴҡȰ
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ʣطG˵ŭɶԭȵһ㼵͵ѡ
ﳼֻʵԡʵͷȴƲסǵһ˿Ц֪ԼɣǰŪһΪǵӣʹ첻ѡ
Ϣŭ»һȰһʶôͷ
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㣡طGָؿڣδ꣬ǰһڣһߡ

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ʲôáգգ۾ȳҩǿǡ
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طTһβͲɦıӣЦûԼ԰ˮƾʲô
ЦŶڻһš
ţȻһţүʮүˡ
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طTƳŹ̥ԽһˣȭͷҲ֪ˣʲô
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طTæȥ
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ˡطT֣˾ͱˡ
ǡطһЦ˶ˣ̸ϲ鳭ļҲ̲ⷿŵȽ飬պȥһˣʲôѾͷĶ˻գҲ롪˵Ҫߡ
͡طTûҸţ³ӡ
硪ˣطT֣ɫղŵģһӰ
ˡطT§ļ磬ȥˡıӦ
ͷ
Ŷˣʲôʱ򻹵ðϴκ˶Ե֤ٳһݡط龹Ȼ֪ۻˡ
˶һ
طTæƵԼ󣬲ҽطƼס
طһЦǵöҡҾͲˣʲôزҵһ˵䲻ƿطT

ͬʱʧɫ
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⡪طĿɿڴôܣЩ·
ط·ȻЩˡ
ʮ硪֪ζ㲻ȥˣǰֿ͵ûҰաˡ
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طTҲ֣ط顪۾ǿ
Σط鷽ſڣҪˡ˵̧Ⱦߡ
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˵ˣطҽʲôҲûƼʲôҲûʲôҲ֪е˵ţ̧ͷطTһۣİա




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107  ... 
 
 
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¡طTοطǸ˵ˣϴӦܱ㲻¡
硪̧ͷǸϿ뿪ɣҾúΣգÿ춼ֻܲҴŹӡ
ǰطTüǸˡ

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ˣʲôأطGüһߵȥʵŰգ
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طTطGܸӣ֪ǼǸ˻Ա
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ȥҪءطGһ޻㰲һ¡
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ðɡطGͷ㻹ʲôҪ˵Ҫģ޻ġ
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һߣطGЩȡ
ǡطT𣬱˵Ⱦ˰ա˵ʷҲ÷˼ٻҲգҴδ⹬ɡ

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طĽһЩǻе档
ǺǡطGҲϥǣô㡪

硪طT鷿ĶЩ˷ܵ˵Ҫô
ǺǡطTЦЦԺˡ㻹ʲôʰʰɡ
šڴĸæš
ȥطTת
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ѾĽô
Ҳôֻѧôһˣ˵ˡ
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磡һΣյԤС
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Ҫ˵˼ɣ㡪ϬЩɱĿΪûС
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磡ʼջδӸղŵྪﻺЩץطT
£طT˵ţʵҲڴģطGվǷŲһʱӦˣһô죡ţһĸ첲ھߣߵԶԶģҲҵǣ

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ЩǸЩƴѹסﲻĲǡ
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ǡطGҪ˵ûá˿ť»һίû˵ڡ
Ҫʺť»Ȧ΢΢졣
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110

110 ҪЮ ... 
 
 
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111  ... 
 
 
үϾǵĿطTڴڴڵĹžơ
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 111  ... 
 
 
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112

112  ... 
 
 
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̤Ժײһˡ
ֻƼʯɫӣһסŲڵ
硪һȣô
˶һ£ɿ֡
Ȼòԡ
ϸԭطG
Լ˿һóһ·е㰧Թ
һԼղһе̫Σգ׷Լˡ
Ϊ˲ֻһϷ
طG˵ô㡪
۾͵⣬ֻõͷ
طGᣬǲ̣תҲпܡ
㲻Ҳǡ
طGһ֣㿪
ûʲô㣬ЪšطGͷ˵βסĿϽϺ˵һ䡰㲻Ҳǣ棬չ黹ġ

ҿɫöˡť»һԿױʱȻ˵صЦЦ´б¡
ʲôϵЦ
ҩð㿴㣬ݰףһť»Ų裬֮ǰɲǡҩáͷҲҿһ
һۣɩɩ֣ҩҳԵģ
˵ͷԼֻΪҹصԼš뵽΢΢̡
ôк÷Ӳԣֻ׼һť»Ϸ²룬°ͣʲôʱôˣ
ͷЦ
ť»϶Ȼ̾Թֻһ
ƿ֣ɫ
㲻ҵģ˵ҲûСť»ҡͷЦٶԲס㣬ҲΪ㣬ο಻ܿ
ôļˣұҪҿ
ť»˵̾ˣû˵

һæڿڡ㡪
Ҳ̫ˣȻҴҡ
ߡժ֣˵ţһ
̫ݲʡ
ȥһһİСһСʡ
ʣ߬
Լ𣬵żǽߣȥ
ֱЮ˽ӽһ˵Ըһ𣿡
û˵
һ·ɱһʱȫˣժ˰ɡ
ҡҡͷ̧ͷ۾¹ڡ
§ĲӣƵ˵Ҳң
ˣǰ޵Ľëٲˣ
ϱߣҪȢҡƵĸ˵
һġļһգܼᶨ˵һ
ţ´ţָ׽½
һᣬſǸ·ˡ˵ŴһԵǣһƥ籸õ

ոҪ֮䲻ԶȻйĵƻ
ߣҪȥ
ǿƿŸڽŵϵһֻźԥĳߣ
˵
Ҫһ˶ԸǲǣᣬҪҲģҪôһߣҲһˡҲ
߬һΡߣϾ͸
ҲԽʹģߣҾ
ִ䣬Ȼǰ

طGʯɫ۴ŭ
طTطGקסԼ㻹ǵõôԼ𣿡
طTƿǰƽǰ֪ǰҽղģҲ⡪ɱңҲ޻˵
硪ס䣬ٹȥ
طGסԼ޻ȥ
ʹҡҡͷסطT֣ʮָۡ
طTҸһᣬߡطGĿ¡
ߣҪ
طTطGһ
طTûж֪ϾǵһҲƿš
ҪֻŵҡͷҪ˵Ҫ
Ҳ˵ʲôҲȥطGеЪ˹
طGüֻҪȥһжûˣ޲׷
߬طT֣ҪɱҪ㣬ƭһȥ
طGȻ»վű𶯣
߹ȥ۾ޣһ⣬û죬᲻ߡ
һ£һû⡪ûôҲаͼ£ݲݵ¼ޡԣһжûз
ᡪһһ˵
ΪʲôطG۹Ѿʹˣʹȥ
Ҹ簡Ȼ̹ϵĳϡ
ѵ𣿣طGߵָطTҪȴޣ
ҵģȻұкö·ûѡ
طGһһҲϨȥ
ãޣߡ˵ۿţȴûᡣ
תߵǰ

ϣ»ĿطTתͷԶȥ
ߡ˵ǣ
׷𣿡»üһ󽣰ŵǣе֡
طGҡͷǱ߻ӻ֣հɡ
ֻಡһ
طGһҪ

ȻѾ̫ˡ





113

113  ... 
 
 
𶯣æסطTͷγ
ȡطTʹͷ
û£Ķ֪𣿣ְ뿪Ц˵˵ɫ˺ء
֪طTĵͷܲܡһ㡪Ѽȡ
ɼáҡͷڿһֻͷţóȻ˳ֻѪֹס
Ҫȵʲôʱ򡪡طTϵĺðϸϸһ㡣
ԽһЩȻ㴦İɡļ磬̫á
ǡǿһգطTЦҲ

Ѿȫ˲ǾֳüʵģȻһģڵһֻ֧͡
޲ܣطGƵȥֻҪ㻹һطTôϻһ񣬴ɱطTޡ
ǣͷʵ̫óȻٶֻ»ʵ䷴ɫأƫ˿һǼǣֲԣܲ˻Ѫһ׮Ȼ˼Ǻ롪
ô죿طGԼģ˵ô죡
ȸˣֻ˵ΡǲΡ

ѹˡϲĽе
ȣǸ̾һ
Ҷæסһ˻ǿ
ǡЩĿԼ϶ദۺͲˣŬŵյΡ
ֻǵãһ̶طTȻˤȥȥ¾ȫȻ֪ˡ
طT
ô
Ȼƿ´Žűߡ
ȥæںҪϡ
Ҹ磡ͷҲء

ο𣿡ٶȻԵطT̵ʡ
΢΢ףʱӰ첻󣬵Ǽͷλ̫УպһͶǣֻ¡
ۡ𣿡һ£·ͬܡ
ֳֹصҡͷǸƤʴǣԽԽ˵Ļһʱʱʹ
ļʼ΢΢ľΣΣǾͰΣ
ǡֻ˵ھΣܿܲȼͷ⣬Ѿ
¶һεı飬ëȻ
ܿǶܣһ˿ϣȥ
ֳһ£ңְֻա
Σѵ˼һ£ն˵
ˣƺľ
ˡᣬΰɡ

˽طTշޣҲҪһӶǼҲҪһֻڴϵطTҪվһҪ㱧ң˵һߡ˵ſţˮ˲͸طTĴ졣
߿ţһ֣ģǲڣҾ㣬Զ㡪

񣿡ִرܰɣҪˡ
ͷȥǵᡣ˲𣿡Ȼʵģǿɡ
ɻһ£ͷ
ѪޣƵĸ˵
ʹͷ֪֪

΢ĵⲦطT΢΢Ƥʱȥҿ
ַһһɴѪȾݵͨ죬顣
طTֲĲ
ר־оȡͷѽǶȣһпԵƤ⣬ѵ̽ͷĸ½ճѪ⡣
ֻĵ˵Ѫ֮ߣ΢С
Ц
ҧ´һͷֻطTԽԽ԰׵ף絶ʡ
񣡡ֺȻ֣صĺ
ʹӦš
ҪסͷҰμʱ򣬲һ˿ĻζҪҽСӡ
ãսս³һ֣ӣʹͷѹϡ
һס֡
һϸϸǦطT˿ڣ˼ͷһߡ
ã쵽طTʹսšʶʹӦ
§طT
ûãһߵʱطTӻȻʹѣʹļ鴤Ťˡ
ʧеҪˣŹɣ
ҷסˣĺȵӿеĶҪͷƤ뿪
طTʹĽгҲƽһʧ̬İš
Щŭˣǳš
ʧѹļ򣬲ʹʵ̫þƽӹѹס
ȻסĲӣһеȥס⡣
طTţ΢ȥĲӣ˵˵˺ҧΪܿ죬һѪ
ûעЩо˿˼ͷܿ콫˿ڰ˳˿ڵѪ֧Ƥ⡣
һѷ죬طTΪʹʧѪ˹ȥ
ûˡظ֣佱˴æûڣ㾪ԭء
˫طTҧıˣֱʱ򣬻һ̲ͣѪ
Ĵߣһɫۣ͸Ѫɫӡӡ档

磿СĻڵࡣ
طTۣѾ
ҡͷȻ΢Цˣûˣһ㶫ɡ
áطT΢΢̧ͷҨһʳڴߡ
㡪ѵһЦȻȻɫһ䣬ߵ˺ۡ
΢΢Ťͷ̧棬ЩƵģ𿴣
طTס֣Լʹѵʱ򡪡
˹ȥһе˺ҧܴһСٴḧķۺõ廨꣬ȴΪһʱʧ̬Ĳʹĥ˺ۡ
վúõıѾ̫ˣ´涼ˡ
˵ܻ뿪Ըȫ

ˣطG쿴ĴСʣӦҪߣΪʲôַżˣ
ûʲôüȴĺطTҧʹѪǱϾ׵ǣٽЩ
طGǺȻ˿ΪʲôۡһĪķŭͼʣǸǸģһǵͨ졣
ޡ˵ʲôǿͷ΢Ƶı飬ԭأʲôҲ˵
޲ãҲһǱʶĹ۸ѿڶԼҲһ
˭һеʵ
ûСطGæΣ˵Щūǣ
˭ģ֪ǸطGеġĳıūš
˵ˣǸʧֵūѾˡطGⲻ㻹ǿȥչطTɡһԼһΪξȻΥĵĻҲ˵óڵġ

ȡļͷβأȻȥʳ֡
޲ֵĿôֶղزɣ
ˣĿ⾼óһڡ
̫ҽԺԺǽһͰüѲҪȥ԰ǳ㵽Ҫʲô
ˣƲһ仰ͷҲصߵˡ

ϸǡ˵ţԼҲŵƣϸϸòŪšҪҳ
С·ӺȻëָһĽƬ
СӵŲֽƵĶ
һ𣬱֧ˡ

£ϸϸĶ֧Σƴһ
ȻǴڵĶ
֧ȻƳͷһɫ⡣

ǰϸĿţԭ̽ĸС֣
屦

еļžء

ô

֧ļô
 

лҪ˵~~~Բ쿩~~~~~




114

114  ... 
 
 
ùãЦ
Ķһ֣ǰδе
ӵĶ㿪óһ
񣬺αأסһ񡣡ûʲô
ͱ˵׺ĵ񣬰Żˡ

硪쿴ɫ¶΢Ц㿴öˡ
ҲǡطTգʵɾúһʹЦǾͿ·ˡ
ţȻøһЩʣ˵Ļ㵱𣿡
طTһ£ʹĵͷ桪ܵϱߣȢ㡪
ͷḧݵָ⣬˵㻰

æʲôڻ԰תá
ġϸĲ쿴õ廨Ļ꣬ЦˣҸϲõˡ
æŲϴǵƣֺǿģȻǸ񣬷Ǹʦ
вСٶ࿾һӣҪɱöһ

үֳֻеˡСʣл
ˣԼ֪ƣһЦЩӶлˡ
Ϲ˵ô˵ȴûôƶ
ЩչˣطTȻοҪġĿڣסһľʹ
үֿãæסˣס󻹵ź㡪
˵ȥ֪Ͳֻôˡ
ûǸˡȻա˵ѳŲסˡ
ҽѾͷ߬ļ򣬰˿ڣƶ˵ûµģûµġ
طTӽȥ
ҪطTȥһ߬ųֵ˵

硪˳ʳһһƿš
ӭģȴֻһӵѩס
ʳкȻء
磡˺ѷΣ˵Ķġ
˹ȥһֻǴطTɻס֣ϵķ
طT԰׵ĵֻӲ֫壬ʯ
ֿ־;һ
֪Լʲôţţȴ޲ᡪ
ʧȥ֪һ㣬֪ʲôʱʲôʱϵ⣬֪Լǵ˿ѾѪһۣطTһ˿⣬ҡһҡϨ

ѪֹסСӿϵɴһһαѪɫͨ죬Ŀų֡
ҩ΢΢⣬һҪֹס
ǡСӺҩһһıѪɫܿ޲ˣôĴˣ
һ룬һ溬૵ѾͷҪס
ÿطһƿſڵСֱ̫࣬ӳô
ûĵֻһ룬һ濴СӲͣĻɴરવµ
ط鿴ΣʱףһΣҲǱסˡ

ĸ磡طסطGЦĶȥ
ȥǡطGȫȻ֪飬ǡ
ҡطһּĸоطGһʧȥˣϣϵļʱ
Ҫ¸˵ءѵطGȥ
ʲôҪģطGЦЦǲɢ˾¡
֮ȸط뿪Ǳߡ

ҪˣôطȻ˵
ޣطGԶˣǺȶˣ
˵ġط̻Ȼ
ǡطGһüôˡ
˵طߡ
ҡȻѹܾáطGЩǵĿǡ㾿˵ʲôû°ɡ
طTأҪˡ
طGüʲô˼
طTط¸һ̻ȥ
ʲôطGҪطTס
ʲô㣡طס˵˵ѡ
طTطGȻоһꡣ
áط֧һ¡
áʲô˼طG˵žͰβ
磡طæ硪
žƼطTϵ籡
طGɫȻһ䣬ط飡ĺȵ
ĸ磡طҲɫˡ
㣿طGһ̤ӣطT
ǾȻޣطGŭ𾪱˸һȫƲס
ӣһڴ㡪طǿЦ
㻹ЦĳطGŭȻһ߾طTô꣬Ϣ뿪磬Ȼµı޳
Ȼ뵽ص顣
û¡ط㡣
㻹ҪƭҡطGŵĿһƿֱȥ
磡طסǵҸ˵ģꡪط״ΣҲʮˡطGͲǳˡ
طGŭʣ޲ҪҪţƾʲô˭˵Ҳûã

ϡִһ̫ҽĹ⣬ߵס
ǣô濴ǡطGɴ۾ŷڵϵĳ֡
ϡְΣ̧ͷƽ˵ǳܣϲҪǡһԵļ̫ҽС̫ࡣ
طGƺû
ϣѾҪôԹԡ˵̧꣬ͷطGϽڰ
׺䶥
طGʧȥȫĸй١ǰֻһƬҰ׵Ĺ⡣
֪ãȻףģҪԣҪ
ĵƿţ˹ȥ
طæ˸ȥﻹдϡѪζ
԰׵ľһŵֽ
ʯ
طG͵Ұ׵޶ûᡣ
ĸ磬ڰɡһطܸõΪֹˣܲôǰֵ̫¶ǡ
طGҲоԣ֣䣬ȻӲ
ĸ磿طü
طGҲʯһ㣬˿
طЩ־壬ϵطGضޱȵıʹȴûϵĳ׾
ĸ磿ط˵
طGƺѾͬҲȥˡ
طóѾܿˣֻûֵﱯʹǣȣȥɡ
ֻʣˣط鷽ŵѾˣ㻹
ž
һĶȹطǵѪ
Ѿˣ㻹طGץ˹׹⣬㲻Ҳˣ
طŭ־˶Ѿˣ㻹ҪΪ赽ʲôʱˣ㻹Ҫôб
طGľӣҧгݼĵ˵ʲôոջúõġӻµģ޸ոջ˵
ãɣط鲻мĺһƿԼ˳ȥ
طGԭء
֪վжãȻγѣôůȵָȻߣһĿ޺




115

115  ... 
 
 
ȥȰȰɣܲڣ˽˸ˡطЩΪѣť»˵
Ҳֻܾť»ҡͷ̾Ϣһ˵ϼĻѾ㶼Ϲ˼ˣֻǾҪȥˡ˵ؿ
Ǻ˵طЩúõģô͡
ﶮԴסүֻһˡť»ϳҭѾͷүİûֻ¡޵ĸˡ
Ϲ˵ǻ˵ˣүҲһȥȰȰط鲻а
ûõġť»Ͽ޵һűŤүѾҪλˡһΣѾͷôǰôŹԼ
طоһ˿ء
ȻкǶȥ󿴡ط鼱һ첻Ҳи˵ܲôǿЦѽ

ʰꡪڵϣšڰ
ȥΣطGֻųһ仰
ʰꡪȥϥвû
طG֣۾һ̲뿪ֻధĺһ֡
ʰꡪ
طGר־ߣս֣Լů͸ӡ

ѾˣϲԲȣҲ˵ֻŸַ㶡»εط飬ôȥ˵ã
קӲŪʹãطüӲġ
򲻿ɣ»æ֣Ͳ裬żһһ֣ϼҪͷ̾˭Ҫɿֻ֣Ҫ˭ƴ
ô죡ط鷳ȥȥЦˣ
ֻãԼ»ţǣֻʱԼҲ
û˵ȥѾѽʾط顣

ʰꡪͷһξ쵽׵ɫô̧ͷȥ
طGֻǳ
ʰ꣬ڰɣȥˣҡϥ
ȻطGƿԹ£һߵͷŻˣҲֻøߵͷ
ϣطGߵסطGŰգޱϵ˵طGܣأҪߣҲǽطGȥطGԸٶʮ꣬һȻ򲻹кһһۿ
ʰ꣡Ȼø׾Ȼ˽
죡طGȵɱ˳Ѿ׷ˣ
ʰ꣡ᰧ󣬡ϧԼֻʰ갮ϧԼ򲻿ˡ
ޱ죡طGƿ㺦ù壬ڲʲ壬㲻ҪӵĿ

ϣչء»һطɫΪˡ
طGҲֽյĸ
ϡ»ٲ磬ֻ˾Ҫˡ
طGֻ
»쿴طһͷҪطG֡
طGȻס⣬Ҫʲô
ΪˣεĸطG˵طGѾЩˡֱӽ
߿طGЪ˹ĺ
Ƕٶ
£طGվſһ滤壬һĺȫ£Ƕ
кͳĬƺطGȫÿһαŭй֮󣬶ݺݵĿһѾĳˣֻţ˼Ҳ˼
֪ſ˶죬طGֻ룬漣Ļ֣һ༸ʱ⣬Ǹжá

ˣۿȻˣɱϾůءС̫ŴֵҹĻͷڹôЩ죬ȻһҲû㿴治棡
˵ô𣬶ɼġҲ棬˵񳤵һģﻭɼģ
ôûţҩôҲصģòŴ̾үǶֶмʶˣѹɤĻ˸񣬻һſס
ЦһЦԼÿɿʲôأ
㵹վ˵ģŴЦۡôƵӣֻ˴ˣ˵ŵ˵Ϊүͻ϶ײôЩ꣬ǱŪˡԼûˣӲǲϸүš
үҲ̫һ󻹲ûţϧôģˡ
ɲǣŴҲͷ⼸ϳҲˣҲˣԲȣֻӡ˵ûˡ˵ָָֻ죬ʾһ£Щ
⻹˵áָһ㣬ûҲн߰ˡôҲչس˰
ûϢءŴ˵һȥˣ˵ŴǷźＸӵҩء

ϣˡ˹ôȥˡ
֪û޲ܾôˡطGͳ˵ţ۾ȴһҲ벻
ϣǰҲǸŮӣʱȥˣҲĺģ˵ֿطGְ֣ա
طGƿӻס壬ҲšˮһһΡ
ϣѵһҪһѰ׹ſϷ𣡡ֺȻ
طGֻһ̲ͣİѳŲأȴûּأջ˼һ棬ɸʬǶѣѵҪĽ
ϣֲԹɫĿ֪ԼĻЧ
طGķŻߣ׽ȻԥٷŻȥ£ޣԲס㡪˵ȥĿڱãŴţּ

æ࿴һۣи֪ˡطܳϿҵĿų֣㣬ϲ֪ʲôʱܻһ١
æҿųģиֻǡֶһ٣ҲǸ򣬲Ĵֻδغʡ
ͱ²ˡطظ񲿺˸תԲΪЩҺĸ綼ǿģְֻܷ¾ͺãЩѹĺܣڳһһ͵æˣ
ʮүлˣһ

һţһֱϣһ·ͣ㣬Ҫͷס۷ʲôԶҪٻּȻĳĸ롣
Ŵֲڶ۾ǵĿ֣·˵ǣˣ㡪
ùңǹٳ˵ģа취ֻ㣬ǴӴҪܿˡЦһ£Щɬ
۾⣬ҡͷа˶ѾΪԼʲôֱ𣿣ţͷȴ
ҧҧӻͳһȦģҪǵã㡪һ磬׸磬㻹ˣȥ
һ£סĸ粻ĺǽ֮ڣĺǣﻹأ
֮ͣס㲻Ǹ񣬵㻹ˣڵ㣬Σ仹ֵΪţһ˺ܶ࣬ŵĿ߰ɣȻˣ

׵ˣط鿴ųִصİϸͷ
ǰģֻǻϽкᣬֲܺ˸Ǻ˶ΰ°ù׹ĹҲѾܾˡ
ð˳ͷٺĸ̶˼Ĺ͡ط鿴Щҿĸʼղչգ˵Ҳû˯ˣҹ˳ݲѣôƴĿӡÿֻһ뱡ࡪôܳأط˵Ű̾
һͷټҩɡֻǣĲ²һõġ˵ȴʹ֪ߵˡ

죬ҶأɫϺ̴䡪ϵʫֻֿ֧ԼȦףΪʲôƫƫ
㻹һˣҲڿѰ䡪
ֵĻָͷ
ʲô˼е˶ڹҵأѡ
߳Щˮȴ˵һָָˮҡ
ҲǸˣҲܿ˵ˣ޶
񣿡Ȼһһ
ͲǸ񣿣
Լ뷨һ
Ȼ侲ϸĥֵĻһģȻôһ䣡תǿӣǷˮһᣬˮϡ
ģʫī¶īۡ
֡
⼸ӷɿתţ޷ơǸ
ôĻʰ꣬Ͳס
ô
طT㲻磬طGҲǡ
ǡ
ˣ
ȥԣǻ֪ˣǵãŸ˷ı¶Ŷ㽡

ôԣ
Ψһ֪ɵϡ
ʹĵҪιȥˡ
ôôģ




116

116  ... 
 
 
ĳļ磬ʾͣһͣ
˵ҪͣһֱڸճӣҪͣ£عͷժһֱĺ
΢΢¶⣬΢ĳ⿴
ԭ
ӻһ·ĳ
㣿˶ȴûκεԼĺ˵Ǹ˿ʵ̫˺ܣֻ½޿ܿڡ
֣дһʾ䣬ô㡪
´˽£Ҳԭֻ֪ý߾ȫ
Ȼף̫鲻֪͸ӷޱȵҩʼĪĳ˹⣬ֻǴŵĲµ֣бʲôĵļƻţֻסƺиҪʲôǸʧȥطTҹ˱ʹиӻҵĺݡ
ҩˮǰòɵĿתطTԸҪ뿪뿪ûΪʲôֻô
ʵɲطTҪûطTôûѾʧȥȫˣǰĹֻΪܺһΪδ뿪أأ
Ϊ˳Ǿ䲻׵ġ׸硱
ָڳдš
֪һϱߡԽԶԽá

ϣٽһɣôǸԼϾ»Ȱ
ĺܱˣطGݵ̧ͷǶȥɣҪź򡪡
ȵȡطGȻֽסޣ롪ٿ˵ҲЩĵҡͷС˵ˡ
ϣ»һ
ޣʲôû˵աطGͷȥ
Ҳ»һ£ҲϻԵԭȵ￴

˼ͷĶԺһһľ»СĵƿţĵĹҲʹǰһһѶʲݣҹǰʲݡ
طGĬȻӣӺᣬ´ˡ
ȻƮŵů㣬˵Ƣ·ڻ½ϵޣһطGḧߵÿһϸڣͷ»
طG̤Ͻ̤ڴϣȻпļ伸ǲĸͷ
ŴϣҲûס
ԥһ£ᵹϣܺ΢ݣϡ
ǿԼֻʱ
ȥӻƮʱ
ЦԴʱ
ŽſԵʱ

һҵĻþĻһƬηٵĹǰһõ΢Ц
ǻҲֻЩˡۺ;ܾʵľ
䣬ȴԽǲЦ
߬ͷԼļͽ͵ҪЩõЩٳЩ
ʲݺ򽥽Ũܵûƣǵ΢ЦȻ˯ȥ

Ъɡַ³
ӳ˵⡪˿ӵĵײǸһ·ˡ
ֻͷ
Ե㶫ɡָָǰһ˼ңǰȥ
Ľգֵĸüľ롣
ģҾẦ㣬һ٣ȥŽ档

㡪˯ǰȻһӡ֣ǳɷ˵档ֽĸɾ̺ƽĺɰͳǳ㶧ѹǡ
ĻѾͷ
һ˯ɣԶ˯һ޺˳Ӿ㡪
ıӰ Ȼһ⣬ԼôŪģ
ϣЩΥζطTĨȥ֪عѾˣţôطT
᲻Ҳţ
һطTļƻôһһ
ˣ˵˷ܻǾ㵡
ôܰЩｻ
طTˣһǵģԸԸţٸˡ
ſϿȴֻмٵĴϢ޲һźǵ˰̣޵Ļȥ

´˷ԸҩȺȰɡԴǣÿ뷽跨ҩҩ
ҡҡͷٺȡ
ôˣ
дࡪ
кôܰݵЦЦ黹ȶһ·࣬´⡪
ͷĬһ֦ڵдҸ£֪١
ӹе֦д
֪ʲô
ʲô
ϣԼࡣ
أʲôˣ
һҪʲô
۾ϥš
ԥһ£˷ļͷ
ҵˣʲôá
ڵϷɿдš

ϣ»طGڰԣ̫ѨƴĿƣʹࡣЪһɡٹһҪϳˡ
޾Ϳ쿴ˡطGϵĺָָһӡ
ϣۻѽ»µİ
£طGֻƲ֡

ź»£طGһãôΨһ̲ͣдۣܼȫľһֱʹеıʹһĸΣʹ

İ磬ˣȥˡ
¡ޱ飬ʰҹҲּܿ

޲ţشˡ³طGֻ»˵ôһ䡣
ǣôܳأ»һѾֻ˯һʱˣŽ⡪
طG߽鷿
»طG飬Ȼ𣬵ǳˣȥһˡ

ҹĵƣ֪ط
ť»һ޷˵ı֪ǸүԶˡ

Ǿ͵Ͼˣų˵
𣿡ݳһӡ
иѣǿҰһߴϢҲ˶Ȭˣټϡ
ãġ

㿴´˵ҩǺܹõģЩ죬˿ڵˡȥһ߰ҩһ߸˵
죬ҩ࣬ȷϸǵĵѾĽӽƤɫϸ첻
룬̫ҽԺȷ淽һ̺ۣȻԵã䣬˿ԼԭȸƵ󡪡İɫҲˡ
ںѣȻ𣬶ǰԪҩȥ˶ϵ֬룻֬۵ĺɫòͰͷ˳˵żȲΥֲˡ
֮ѾǲԼˡ
ѲǸ¶ЩɵѾͷ˰ղòΪÿһաȻ󣬼װʲôҲûзļ
һйȥǿĨȥġ
ҪȥͲйȥһĻ䣬Ҫ

һаŵĺܵ⵽һٵСԺ䣬ʰҲƵϸɾҲ򵥣Сˣ࣬зƺδ⣬ֲ赭ƽ׵ǹȥһı롣
磬Ϣ΢ãųչµˮطTӣͲİɣҲֻǰüȥɣȻûйǷ֮룬ȱƵԭҲԼܡ
ͷֽ±ʡĻµļ񣬼档ǰûһӸѧСɣδΪһ





117

117  ... 
 
 
˳ͷһ㲻̫űӣҧסҡʱϱȥʱȫװΣ˶Ŀ
ȻŽ㡪
ݹֻΣ򵥵ʽζһ뿪ĺĻ
һ£ҡҡͷ
ȴӹͷ纳ɺÿӲ˷Ρ
ŵĶ̧ͷԼϡǵոģˡЩ㱣ʹĸһ·ޣȴ˳ָ
Ŀ͸̫ľӿȻͱ΢΢
ˣĿ״һ㺡ĽҲǵĹУ˵ﲻԣֱЩη塣
ѸٵջָͬʱҲ֡

ԵĶЩΡԷʱ򣬳΢΢뱳ͷԳţ࣬뾡ľ档

չ죬δ̺ãϰԵĹƿʰվſʰˣָڱĲϻţԺԼ
ͷΣӦá

ϣ鶼׵ˣЩЪϢɡ»Ȱ
ȡطGͷ
»ԥһ£ҪҪطGѾûگˡ
طGһ£üȥǬ
»Ӧ¡

طG䣬¾һ
һˡ
طG㵼ŷŭô㣿
ͩվͷ檲ֻ֪񡪡е¯ǺϡɣѵĶԷǰġ
طG޶ԣ֪Ǻġ
Һ뱲ӣңһҲ㻹ˡһʱ׽һͩ˵ᡣ
طGûб̬߰ա
ϡͩ¹򣬡͵Ըģߡ
ߡطGѲô򶨡
ϣͩطGĿޡ
طG̾˿ֿ֣߰ɣһ˾һ
ϡͩͷᣬȥ

طGͩıӰǰȻϣı죬ô졪ô졪
һᣬڴ䣬Ƶץͷǡ૵ҧףѱߣημ䣬ǸҵߵҹǸٵΪ˶㡪
ںͿĶ࣬٣ЩֿɵõԼů
ǣҪЩ
ҪڹȥòδСޱߵʹ࣬ᱻδ룬
ôͷһξȵķ֣ԭô侲Ŀǡ֡

ݺݶһ£Ϊ֮˼ȫɵѾͷ£ҪȻͱŮˡ
պ޵Ĵһ´壬ӿ첽
»طGžͺ
ĵطG첽߻ȥѾʣµӸ͹

⿪죬˿Ѿ˰̣ոϺҩ΢΢ʹ֪̾δôǰ뾡˰취ҪǸʹСϣȻƣ۵ܺطT¾УҲԴֻʣҪ˭أ
ѽһ£Ķӣûϵʱѡ
һں˻վȴֲȥ֪һǹġ
ľĶѾǸˣпǸӷСģ½ȦֻҡҡͷһиʲôǲЩʵģֱ֪¹ش

ȥɽ̹ô֦ڶ񡪡ӳ֪мֻۣҪһСͻСµĲǮ֪Ͻæƣų
һ·ѭЩӲȻջףСС˷㣬һָȥɽ
װһʱɫڡ
Щһ·æӣѾʱ·ֽŶƣôȥ
۾Ȼھͺˡ
ЩίƵķϥϣԼˮݵĺ۲ѵĽơ
˭ң
Ъ˺þã֪ǲˣվҧҧԼҲ߳ȥ
ôȥƾԼںۺ΢ã¹⣬һʱ֮ԼƼԼԺˡ
һˣ²һ죬ţͰʯȥ
ŴвһֻƴĻŻµˡ

ԺȥˡҩЩȰš
ҡͷЦЦֽдǱ˵㣬Ҳó
ҡͷ㹦Ǯҩء
һ£ҲЦˣ´βˤˡ
˿ڣͷĬһĺѣҲҿ
죬·˵ʲôȴûʡ

˽ŵĽ粽Уѷ͵ߡ
չЩΪ飬ƲҨһˮһԺĻ
Сģ
Ķһס
ôһ˲䣬Ȼ㱡
ôȻİڻôȴ˳ˮۡ
ҹɫᣬ붬ȻȴȻӲڴĺĹ⾰ﶼûӦµ§ͣ˲̵ʱȻԼáƫƿ
Ҳȵķſ޴ķ˷ۣȥ

ҹƺ΢ı仯
߬űǣϤ飬ֻİա
ǳҹߣȥģΪ׹ǿɰڱһ̣ŷԼ֪
Գһ£һûܵ¡лġ

һССĻ磬ÿһʱ̣ţǶѹֵ
ҪˣôܣվھǰŲϸϸԼ۾Ӱ

ѡŮɶˣ϶Ųť»ϡ
ˣôˣť»ЦЦǰҼˣҲһȲˡ
⺢ԽԽһû䣬ܲôŹŹȥ׼ܸףֻ¾ͺˡ˼
ôť»һЦ˱ҪȳɼҲŵҵģ˶ضҾʡĶˡ
Ҳô˵ֻ£Ǳ߲׼
⵹صģҵ⺢ԼŲϡť»ҡͷƢҲ֪
ȰȰգǹأҲӡϵͷȥȰȰ

أϴС̫ȴ磬С̫ʵ
ԺءС̫ԺһŬ졣
ͳǱߣûƼˣѽѽһϷʡ
ϻһԳһ㲻
ͣеĺ٣վ񡣡ôôͻȻ
м仰˵Ҹ˵Żݡ

ͱһһչȫ»ŮͼӰ
ΡŲ費Ƶ˵
Ҳǰô໨֦չŮӣֻһЦ֪ԡջƹˣֻôẉ̂˼Ů
˵Ϸ²裬ΪƲҪؾصĹӣȢ˼ңȻٷȥҺ㰢Ҳٲٷġ
ͷɫȻǲ
ôŮӣÿһܿϵģü
Ŷһӡʰ˵ҷԸģסӷϥԣ粻Ȣ
Ǻʰذɣ̾ˮķ裬ϴε£Ҳǻʰ֮٣ҪȢǶ⡪͵˶գ
粻֨סҡͷ
ֻý㰢ּΪָһŻˡε̾ϢԹĲ
ҲȢҧ

ӹϲѽ˱ˣС̫ͣĸںк磬˴լԺˡ
죡֪ⲻǻʰǿаµǰࡣ
˵ҪˡС̫࿴ɫ̽ʡ

һкҪŭɶҪҪȢʲǫ̂ǧϽѾǿӸ̫ĲѣҪһǿӸŮˡ
ܷãùѾƴѵʰĿƣֻǷװװĵܶ˶ã

ү»֮ҹԶԶԣԳ飬ȫȻϲϵ
үŮͲסԼ
ӲŮޱȵίӣЪϢˡ
ЪŰɡ粻֪ķ˵ùң
ҾôôŮ˵ίĿģϷŮ˹еԶ
类һŪĸӷ꣬ʲô˵⻰
ǡΪʲôҡવһ߹߽һʡ
ûУպ޵Ķ顣
ŮӲٴԣϣһһƣǹñ緳Ƶ飬˸ڵӣԹžơ
ʱ֣ԼƼھ̨ǰ΢΢ʧ㶣̲ס߹ȥһ亣ģҪڷ裬ȴ㿪
ùãùá
Ȼѡ






118

118 ż ... 
 
 
𣿡»ǰʵ
طGһ£ͷȻֽסˡˡ˵һҡͷЩûϸĥЩ

ĸ磿ط鿴طGվԺݵĻݷæ
ޣѽطGһЦЩǿ£
ǣ㡪ЩӲüҪϱȥһˣԽ㡪ط쿴ɫݺЩˡô˯ô
ȡطGɬһЦͷϣμˡ
ôط˵ȥ
μ߶ƼޣطG۾
˵ʲô
ڵûпطGϵޡϵá
طֶ֪£æȰ⣬ģҲŲ
޾ԲطG˵ôԡڶޡ
ط§סļģˣģ֪Ҳٹˡ
ңҡطGҧ촽ʹĵ

ѽҪͷæккˡ糿ʰʱȻ˵
ͷ

֣¡ֽ֣ЩӶӦǲôϾ½šһֽѵãѩӣָָðš
̷ִһۣˬʵЦÿģһ·޸Ľ
ѽٺ˵գȻ˵΢΢һ
һյĹ򣬶Ŀˣˮݲ裬Լ̷ٴγģȣֹ̻ͨ˼ҵģҿҲöԱǧ𻹿Щ
Цֻ΢΢пƲƲ졣
Ʒ뱸˵ľˣⶼЩ⡣
̷Щٶ۵Ļ˵ҶƳˡ
ǣװ̷ֵ˼˼ɣ
Ϲ˵Լϵ֣üæһݣȷûŷ
һװʲô̷ֹЦҿ˰ѵĴ硪㲻ÿڣº磿
˼˼ҵˣ˵Ʋ졣
˵ݳǵ̻мǲϵõģȻģҾ߶߶ҲǺõġ
ǳϺׯĴ󶫼񲨡ûѡǳҪ͵յ㡣
Ӵ̷־Щѹ
˵ҸʲģЩȻ㲻Ҳˡ
̷ֺּҲֹ߾޺񣬸㽭Ѳã˼ңϽԼҶŮ¼޳˼ҵģ
תһ룬ļôǧ˾ǣֻһ˻͡
ѩӣɥĸȥ길ҲˣͶϼݵġ
ּҵıˣеת̷°͡
£ɦԼ˿ڡ
ĺ£̷һЦǱ˹飬ôлң
ޣ

ÿ̧ͷƼͷҺȻдţϺׯ
־߳
³աܸӣſʹͽѵĶغ塣
ʲôķɿд
㵽ˡ
ƭˣָķɿĻ
ûУƽ۾յ㣬͵ּҡ
ˣĬ˺ܾãȻպŲɿд֮ءô죬ô졪
۾֪㿪ѯ۹⣬ּҡ
һ㶡
ҡҡͷس
³ԤУһ֪δδ
֡ƺ˵Լġ

Σֻؿջ

ּǺݵĴ󻧣ܺáľȻȰԼԼģʲô˵
ȥʲôҪҸʷٵʡ
ּңʲôҲ١
ȥʲôѾͷּҵŮˣ
ָҪ
⡪ͷּôҲе

պŲˮдһ޴ġ֡
˶Ĭ˺һдԸ㣬Ҳ¿ࡪҲҪּҵ̫̫
˵ּ֣˵ģûô
ҪҲ֪
еļ嶼һģһУͻÿ˶ƵȲѡ
Ѿٻı˶ʮ꣬ô
Ҳȥ
գ´˺ҲẦġ΢΢

ᣬ
㲻Ҫҡ
Ȼ֪عǻ˵ˡ
Ҫô
Ҹ㡣
ܿش𣬡㲢ܸһӰ
Ϊʲôܣ
ʣ̧ͷһֱ㵱ҸһĿ
Ȣ𣿡ѿڶ仰̫ˣ˵ȻͻȴЩ̹Ȼ
ţϳһ£дֻҪȢԸޡ
ָ΢΢
Сд
ΪʲôΪв

Ϊʲô
ûʲôҡݺģֲϲ㡣
һ£ֻ΢΢ӡ
ѪһӾӿϣ̧ܵͷ۾յĻ޳Ǹı¶ȫ顣
ѡ
תûС΢
ΪʲôΪǰǸ
̾˿εĵ˵ͷ
գգ۾ûϵڲǣԶˡ
Ϊ˸ԼһΪ˰ѱһеˣһ˳Ļ
֪ԼȻиֿɰƢͱԣƺѾľȫİ飬Ҳ޷κһ
ֻҪһɡǵģɣطTѾΪ̫ܾ֮࣬ôˣΪˣһˣҲϧ

һΣ֬ױԼٴˣÿһױϣһĪĿֻţֺɫ˻Īļɻ䣬Ļһƺע䣬ҸĿʼָһսı
һأ
ֲ
˽ҹȫиʵİˡ
ȻΣһж̫æôںôϧʲôָһʶˡ

ڵʹ£Լ洹µ󷢴
ҪôĻ˵һС־΢΢սš
ңҿԽ𣿡ţСѯʡ
Թȥš
űƼ޵ĺױһ㣿
ȻƵģתҪߣ߱߻е˵ⲻУС
̾˿
Ȼ߹ȥǰ档
̧ͷֹƵģֵͷ
Լҧҧֽ̧⿪˵һŦۡ
еĲһ
һ£ǲûͣ£»ڵءѩ׵Ҳѽ⿪ļԼɼ
ȥһ־ı顣
ҪˣȻססһҪ
۾һԽ͵ı顣
Ůˡ˶֪ԶĶ
ҲҪںҲҪ
𾪵šһˣطGطTǳʣֻǲϵøַʽǶôҪ
Ȼ죬ȴҪ
̧򢣬Ϊʲô
ȻĴ
ȴһ£һ£ţҲáá̧ͷü޸õˡ۾ƺˮ
ЩƵİȥһƺ̫ѹˣ̧´
ҪƵģ𡪡ؿڸָ⡣
ס֣ȴûס
˫̵ĽëǼ⣬ߡţסĴ꣬ȻûӦѸٵķֿȥ
Ĳȴ̲סһᡪİ飬ôӻһ޹ϸĳĲȥЩֻŬطTӣ۾ӡϴŵĹ㣬ʹЩ
ţǱĸļ米Ҫ⿪һߵʱ򣬳Ȼҵƿ
ܣһ˿ǻҲܡ
ɵĶȻоһ˿⣬ʶ׽½
߹ȥ
ﲻԡд
ҲԣҲԡҲôӦȢ㡪סȥȻıͷֻǸūţҲ롪
һĶҪǡ
ǣˣǸûõˡ
죬˵ȥ
Ǹˣϥǿڵϣ֣ҲǸˣʹŤ
ͷͼο֣ҲˣҶԲ㡪
ЩĪ
ңļ⼸֣ҲˡûȢ㡪
׺䶥һᣬ
ҶԲ㣬Ҳ㣬ֻ㣬Թҡڵϣ˫˵꣬Գ˳ȥ

ھǰȥԼױǽĺɫ¶һ˿̵ЦϵûõҸҲһòİգ
ǽţˮ
ϣʧ

峿ſһѹʯͷ¡
ҹ£ҵĴҲ룬͵ʲôûɡ

ںӱߣһСƣ롣
߹ԼԣԣûֹԼħӴӦ֪Լ䣬ǺεȾϸˣŮӷĵĽֻ᲻ȫ׼
˳ǰݸǰҩ˵ߣҪֶˮΪҪǵöҩǰҩԱ
ҩҵʱ̣Ҳ޷ֳļ顣
Ķ¾ƺʯͷϡ
ʵ㲻ҩʲô֦ҶȴֻǸūͣŮֲӵС





119

119 ϶ ... 
 
 
ŲˮͰϪߴˮ
ҹ˱꣬εˮźһֱȥ
Ȼ峺ףʢεһС΢΢ɢˮĹˣ㶯ֽ⿪ͷȥЬࡣ
ߵһЩˮû˼ͷ̧󿴼ϵÿһ˿ڶѾ棬ĹȥŵɾĽҿ£ϴԼӣˮ΢̲סһս
ǰǴĺˮֽСһеŽٲиˡһţˮˮʪͷȻطTͷģ
ƣʹнӣǰȻһƬˮûͷ

үҪؾǣСЩš
ǣط̵Ļش
ǲǴˣﲻǸѾ˵ȥʲôСܲ⡣
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˭ҴѾͷ⴫ģطһҲƤ
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أͣͣģСطƫԺһ·˵үҪôء
֪طüĲ֪ʵһ³ͿʼڰӲĴ˾ǡԼǲԸҲ˵պطG֪ô£
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ǣ羪ּãȻסĵͷ

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120  ... 
 
 
ݣȥطǶո³طG˵ֻɢҪȥط￴

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Ѿͷּŵļ򣬹ɵĳʹǹ۵ġԼû˼ȻطGֻѡ
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طײԡټδЩΣһüͷҪߡƫԽǼԽת´ϹҵӾڻ֦ϣק
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ᣬطһ£̧ͷ෽棬ȷͬʶ٣źЩǰߵ΢졣
ͷǺߣǵǣôȥԼصǰǸĵײŵһУǾȫ̽ˡ

ȥͨɣԸߡطG˵һͥ

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㣡㣡طGֳָ֣Σƺޡû˵꣬㴹ȥ

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ڽϣֻǺżȻ뵽ȥķ⣬ʧˮʱ򣬷ľȻȥ˵һģһط쿴طGɫҵʱһĲţ£оƵˣϸϸûнĵ̥ǣܹÿһ˿ڣ˿ûСطҡͷһȻָٺãôܰôص˰̶ȥأ
طGĬã˰죬ϥǺ˰ɡ
طҲֻһʱ嶯ҪҲܹο˼ࡪǺĿ̹ģұԼ뷨ʵ̫Цˣǲģοһ٣ЩƵģǸӡ
طGסط֣ЩǸΣ̫ˡһΪҺãȴһٵɣҡû˵ȥ̾˿һ̧ͷôԴ
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ģ㸮ҲãطGĵ˵յģҲǶû˼
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ʹӣҪҪСãǸҹﲻߵĽѾͷҪǸص˺ȥŮˣҪ׵׵İ飬Ҫһܲİ
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ŮˣҪİ飬¶һ꽶

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طһ£ô룿
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ʼе㾴ĬŮˣԼҪʲôþܾջʼһøУ֮һøСҪɰЩ




121

121  ... 
 
 
ϣͩ¿ӣе̿е㲻˼ΪԴطGһֱֱĶⲻڡ
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ôᣡطǰĴǱһͷǶء
һССĳʯǰû봩򻨡
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ȣطGͷȻޣ˵仰㿴ɷ㣿
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طGǰӣʵڲǰѾˣȻǸϱӡ
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ģһ˾͵ֻܰסţʲô˳Ĳģֻܸ˵ҪίԼطţƺл˵
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122

122  ... 
 
 
ȥɣ¡ط󣬸䣬ֻоϸ͡
ط飬ǧĲԸ
ûµģʲô˵ʲôǣطȰοзִˣ㲻̫ġ
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ѽԽԽˣüȰ䣬ðãôиĿ˵ʲô
˵ǡť»Ϸϵˣȥˡ
סʲôʱҲһҵһֱѾͷм񡪡






125

125  ... 
 
 
ӣЩգСѾͷ
ֻһΣͷʹȴǰﾰ
´СѾͷ˵ӣ߷ءָָ⣬ţá
һ𡪡ô
˵ˣд㣬ˣҩͷҪʲôֻ˵СѾͷЦЦҽ١ߣһ졪
û˵ĬĬӹ롣
Ҫô
ǲŹط鿴ҲѾˣֹһˣһһŷ
ΣҪúûš
磬ģһġ
ֻǣѰ

ա»СֻйΪԤšָָǰ׼һŴʮŵӡ¿ɰ
̧ۿطGڼԣֲ;һֲֻݲݽ»ĳʳ
һֳȥ

һֱôŴӣԣԿԼ鱾ȴЩĪĲ
׼طGҪЩʲôȴֻæŶԸЩ͢£˲
飬ȻỽӣЪˡ
Ȼҹɫ
˵ˣ͡ٿһطG˵ȥͱȥˡҹ¶أӡ
ֻҡͷִ뿪
Ȼӳ۱̧ͷɫ
ٱȰͷʰ׵ģӵı춼ͬǱһģ磬ͲҪԼˣ
Ļص㣬طGֻеͷȻҲܲסһٵİ󡪡ҪİŪϢˡ

ϰӳѩԼͷжˣžһô˵
𼱡»Ҳһհˣԭװ׵ģҲ˵˽ġ
ⲻУϸģҪôЩ֣˹ˣȻŪһŮסڷô£
ϽʵæĹ˲Щˡ»ȵȵ˵Щաһϻû˼˵Ҫء

ϣҪʲô»طGԼ̫Ѩ϶ǺЩǣЪЪɣٸֽ»ָָȻʪֽ
طGӻӣúҡͷˡ͸ޱȵƣеıһ̲ͣ
µַʼЩ㱣еıʼҲԽԽּб
ϣ»Ȱڲ裬æٵġ
طGֲͷҲֶ̧˲Ŵ⣬Ȼһζ
̧ͷʲô裿
»Ц𣬡ӳѩĲ裬ѩۣġ
طGû˵̧öϵĺöࡪ
ϣӳѩǺˣڲء»˵껹һǱ
ŶطGֻͷͷӣ·𲻶ɫ

ӳѩطƼſСС֣Ƽٵվ¡
˵ǰ󣬹ﲡպãҹڽסգ»תţʮүɡ
Ŷطһ£ҡͷҲҡ

㵽ôط鿪żɽܴ
ʲôطGûӦ
Ѿ㣬ֻңطյֱ﾿ʲôҺײµľģȴ
طG㲻ǣһֱҪΪ
ãطͷһһ䣬˵ģǲߣԺ󣬾ͶҪ룡
˵꣬˦־ߣصĴš

ʲôӣôմأˡ
ôô໰أ΢΢üȥ̳Ҷ࿪ˣٱġ
̳ƿҴѽҡͷɣôЩˣҲû˵Ҫʲôأ
ȥȥ˵´Ͳ㣿ȻԸְա
𣡡ȥˣ

ô£طЦÿ¶ʮ壬ôҪף
ϾƣЦôǵˣǰǰʮ壬ʰס˵ŷ·ʱ⣬ŮС
طЦˣֻǵõԼæŸˣﻹԼƣæס֣ң㻹ǡҪǿ
ƿ֣ô꣬Ϊⲡʼղ㾡ˣôҲ֪Ǻζ˵žٱһҾ㡪
طԥһ£ٱֻһ
˶
ϣƿطҸ㣬ô꣬ʼֻ㣬δסңͷһлˡ˵겻һ
طҡͷܺشĸ֣Ɑҵ·㣡ͷ
Ҫˣط鰴סƺʲô£Ҳ㾡ˡ
ͷ˵Ż֪һƾһ

Щˡһط飬Ȼ˵
ҷطЪŰաط˵
ͷǣһ·ײ˳ߵľƺ
طԡǱߵġָһ¶᷿
ֻһ·߶ȥ

ȥɡǣ֣ӳѩǰȻſָָ֣š
ط鱻ŪЩĪüҪ֡
ȥӳѩѿЦʮү˺þƣеСƺüûˣþƣú𡪡
ӳѩȴһ£Ҫš
ȥסѾƺУһطţȡ

طƣѴ˩ס֪̾ʲô
ߣֱֿߵİƣ̧ͷҲգɡñ
һһһţԣֻĬĬĿãطԵЩ⡣
ЩҡεȥƺȴŲһߡ
ҡȥȡȴӹеı
ôطЩ⣬ؿָָıӣһ
һ°͡
ҡͷ
ط󣬡ȣ
΢΢̾Ϣһ
طȻЦˣˣһİʣµСһ
Ȼؿеơ̧ͷƼطü۽Ƕ죬߳
ңеŲסطебķŰߵߣָ㡪Ҹ£Ҫ˯
طŴЩȣؿһơ
ôǰôҵվƺС̳ҲûеķӦôҶˣ
ͷѥ
طֻһգзɣǵķʹ
ʡ
ߣôط鶢ȻͼǸҹʪӡ
ԽԽ̣ҲЩģôֻһƶѡ
߻һʪûߵߡȻݺݵĳһѡ
һ£ڴߡ
ط붼˹ȥ£˱ҧš
ʹߴ򷴿طȴᣬ·Ȳĳȹ
ϵ·ܿ챻⡣

үʮүСһ·СԺӺӭײӣ
ʲôˣôţƣſЩ¡
ѽͷˡС˵ҪԺط顣סôˣû
ϸôܴأС˵عҪſ
ü˵үӲҩ˯ˣҪûҪͱˡ
Сɴ۾ȻôӦ
ȥѽûת»ͽˡ
عкһ£ʲôôʮүЪˡ
Ŷ»˼һ£ӳѩӸкһ£ǽŲ󷽱㡪
ʱЩˡ
ѲҲˣ»ʵ
ǡͷƾͼƣ˳ǰЩӵĲûأЩ
Ŷ»˸ǻһۣЩ顣
ȻˣūŻȥԻϡ»ͷҪţת˶ˣ
һ㶣ǣˡԽ

̵Ħļֱۣݵ˫ȡ
˼ֻһͷҪҪһҪ
գַʽ˿죬Ӳȥ⡣
ıϢҡ
ִѪڵĽ
ҵĲƵģҧ
ܣĿ־ޣܡҪҪ
ͣ£Ҳʹ
Խߴ򷴿Խɡ
۽ļ磬һְῪ˫ȣصĽѹȥ
ʹĳ鴤ָؿץѪۡв촽ţ
Ҳӣܵİҧۣ߬ڻе۵ļĵߡ
ԽԽ롪̫ûйˣ̫ҪˣǴΪطGˡ
һֱѣΣ͸糺죬һᵹϣͷɢңûһ˿ڣǿһۣͲͣҪҪ
ؿڣ˷ܵķѾٷֻҧļѣӷԽԽ죬ԽԽء
ֱƣߵ̱ؿڡ
ҵĴӡƬҫ۵졣ʢĺҩ

ҵˡ־˭Ҳ롪§Ķ⣬ҵġ
бס˲һӣ˯˹ȥ





126

126  ... 
 
 
硪
۾֮ƼһƬ΢ĳУطTЦ
˯ĺô
Ļšҹҹߺ׽𱻵
űıطTӡϡ
ЦطTӵ
Ķ
Ȼһ

طӣĶࡣ
ܵһ
طſȴ
ȴԵЩΪһ˵Ĳһ㣬˺ۣʹļá
ҡһ£ط뻳С
ط۹סӣ
˵ֱĿڣܸоżʵļ
ֱȻһ
ޡشϣգҵĲǡļ򣬡ǣģҲί㡪۾ʵһ̣飬ֻǿ˳˯ݣȻԼôԶϿ
ȴͣ£ôϣԼطTﰡ
ʹ𣿡طÿۣϵļ˺ۣĸţ̫嶯ˡգ»أһЩ
Ứ
Լһáģġ

һ㡪طȼи
һЦԵĿλôӳѩ𣿡
Ӳط̵˵
ǡһҽȥ˵Ҫк
ˡط֣ҶԸˣҸȥ
һۣͷȥ
۾ǾͺáȴЩ

ط齫׵ߣȺˣӾͺЩˡ
ҧҧ´ͷһڡ
طһЦͶˣϵڶڡ
ӲҸ˵ˣ⼸㶼ҪˣźúҪʲô˾ˡ
ɵĵͷ
طҪȴֻһ
ôʹطһ䣬۾¿һۡ
΢΢ͷ
ط֣˵һΣһһš

û˯ãطGֹĲ쿴طɫʡ
طҹ´棬ɫƵһ΢Цá
ǾͺáطG΢޻кЩҪ񲻺ã͵ˡ
ᣡطҲ⣬µʲôҪ£
޴ꡪٺ꣬Բ̹ñطG룬ɫ˵ƽȣ飬ҪӲô㣬ҲǸͷǿҪЩʲô

үط鷿ڶ𡪡
طֻһ룬𣬡ЪŰɣʰˡ
֪ҪߺӳѩһˣͷһԹȥˡ

ӣİ˼ҸƵ˻ˡź¡
ұҲϣүܸദѣڴߣⲡѾ̫ãи֪˶ǶһҲǺõġ
ͲԴףߣҲţ
ȥѾͷûء
˵ˣվһ߻ֵҲô꣬ҲֻһˡһôţҲأ
ѾͷЦҿҲᣡһҲˣΣ

ô߿飬Ƽطֽʡ
㡪طԴԲ˷ÿÿ磬ЦЦô˻Ъţ
ͷд˯
طڻһֱذɣ˵̧Ҫס
Щ졣
طߣһЦ˷ˣôԽԽءڴϣĦӣУҲ㶼ѡ
ϤϤŪţЩ̧Ŀڣ˼֡
طһЦˣҲأҽϴˣЩЪš

үطճţƼӭ
ôЪöšطֵ
˾ЩһЦƼط¿һ׵⿪ϵ
طЦ΢΢ͷϡ
ǡƼѴһСϡʹҧڡ
ôط㶡
ûʲô۾΢ȣЦЦ⼸ϢĻã
áطҲ룬ãˣʲô糯˵ɡ

ϣٻȵİա»طGһյڴˡ
ȣطGݸ
˲»ȴæ뿪Ъٹһָóˡ
˯Ҳ˯šطG̾ͺˡ
Ҫ»̽ʣūӳѩ
ȡطGͷҡͷ˵ա

طջݣߵķɿ죬ںһ·ϣҪʱСܡ׸ϣס䣬˼Ъһ¡
߲ˣطͷЦ
΢΢û˵
طһЦ˵žͰ
ϡһ£˼ôԡ
طǺǵЦЦǻط˵Žڻߡ
ϡ
طЦҲϣҲϣҪô
¡

ūȥͨһ˵ŹСæԺߡ
ȴûطGԼطԺӣطG죬߻԰

ϴ˵۸㡪ط鹴°ͣе㻵Цҽ㿴Ҳء˵һֿļ磬һְ
ѹأǵƵĺӣֲòĲӲŲ
Ȼǵִ࣬ŰԵϡ
ִӺ󾱻䵽ؿڣʵؼЩԳ֣½

ɫŨطGȱ߻һŮٿ¿̫壬Լ뷨ʵֻ¸ܲˡ
ȥ첽߳ȥײһȻĺ»
⡪»ô˻ûžˣ֡
ߣطG󲽳š

ʹôط鸧糺գ΢Ц
Ǻ۾װ˯⡣
طѣϵҺƽƫԼ϶Ǹ˳˹ȡ˵§ҵĶˡ
׵ĽëׯСϷʵ˵񣬳Ҳϣֻ룬յ㡪ǽԵġ
˵꣬ƿϵ
طæһסأһЦѡ
֣ڻģҿ϶Թϳ

ⶼһˣطֱȥߣҲ춼ôɡ
ҿͦõġ˵ţʵҲҵӳѩܸϽү󣬲ȻܾöԲ˵ȴ̾˿

ˮ뵡
ˮƯĻֻ꣬Ƿ㶡
طŮˣƺľͰ׷𡪡ǣÿطһʱԽ࣬Խ硪ĵһΣԭӦǸİ
п뿪
طİһ۵ҲطGְԵӰӣҪģһҪõʱⶼĥһ֣ͻ߲һ
ңˣڶˡֻҪĥʱ⣬´档
üͷô뿪ЩȥѰء
ᡰ֨һ˼
طĽŲ
ЦЦҪȥƹ磬Ķѩǻ䵽ߣô̲ס¡
¸£ٽڵļ磬ȥұ㣬룬ҾЩ㡪ط˵
﷢أطıӡ
ҡͷЦЦĵĲóطǶˣİĺˡ
ص̾ϢԲֻӱԵˣȥ׷Լɣڹȴˡ





127

127 ʺ ... 
 
 
աطӹеӣ˳ִȡһ֧Ƕĵ٣ĶԾЦϲ𣿡
Ц΢΢Щᣬڼͷָš
ϲͺãطߣ֣Щӣܲ߰㣬ίˡ
ͷһЦǶôˣ˸ЩӣҲˣֺα˵
طḧļ磬Ϊˡ

ơط鰴ס֣֪㲻ϲЩ˵Žǳ˿ϣ󣬡Ҹģժţ
ӣλεģǶ飬ſӨɰɵĻҲϸһ֪ǹա
һط飬ļװ˲ܾ̾档
ͷǶӡ
òÿطʡ
ûʾֻĬĬĿ§

˵ӲͲȥˡ
ҪҪҽơطüϻúõġ
һСûд󰭵ġ˵˵˯һЪЪҲͺˡ
ðɡطͷտš

СġطϽΣЦˣ󷽷İ
ͷΨһǵǣطG
¡طƺϵĵǣʲô£ҵšգ¡

ٽڵȻ֣طƽĴڽܿȺǷǡطGƺҲδע⵽ǡطҲһֱ°ǣ֣Ȼ̤ʵЩж
ܶǰʰϯϣطTǣ֡

ɢʱȻ»طֹ˾ʲô
طɫһ䡣
ѯʵĿ
û¡طţҹɫ￴飬ֻǿ첽ţ߬ۡ
Ȼͣ׽ǴȻ󻬵򢣬ǡ
ɿȥɡһѣԱȡ
һ㶡ȽǣǱ߾ð
Щ̻ߡ
ȥطȻ˵ţȴ᲻ãֻǽӵһܼѵ˵ȥɣȥ Ϊ㡪ǰ鷢ġҰοƵ߶ġ
һͷȥˣطȻԼһᡣ

ˣطGƺѾ˺ܾãƼſڣЩӭ»֪Ȥ£š
ܵĺˣͷ
طGԾЩʧ̬ҲһϵľϲһЩӣûˡ㣬ط飬ðɡ
طGе
һۣͷ
ޣطGЦһЦɣЩ㡪
˲裬û
طG֪˵ʲôˣĵĿ࣬ĵĻ֪ôڡ
Ҳæţ鶼ҪͷͷѵĺܣطGҡͷǷԵ˶ࡪ޶Щ£ܿࡪһɲɫ
طǲҲæء
û˵ϵĲ豭һΡ
ҿܺû˯ĺܺáطGһûһҽ۾ֻĸ롣
̲סطҹ˵ЩڶƮûߡ
طGע⵽ĺ壬һᡣ
㣬ǺĵġطG˵ţƮеˣͷģϵ˵ö¡
²裬ʵ˵Щİա
طGͷŴĳһ£ͯ飬طTһﵽƬӣ׽Ұá
ȻʹЩԳ֡
㻹ðɣطGȻԼƼǣ߬Ŀڣüӣп˶ò̡
ͷ
طGӸϵĺ飬Ƴ࣬ѩ׵ĲϣʵǺۡ
طGԼʲô˵ġôôСġǿЦ
һ㶣̧۹⿴ĵطʱǺ
طGݺһۼ£ط⣬ˡ
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һ£ͷ
ҺãôȻ̾Ϣ
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𣿡طGָӵıʻ𣿡
ͷ±ʡ
طGȻļ򣬡޲ţ
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طGһ£֣һΣֱӱ˻
طGʹıۡ׼ߣ
ֲҲˣʲôĳˣˣֻƵĸݡ
ߡطG΢΢ЩҲޡ۹й¶˵Ĺ⡣

ү㡪СæҪﰡ
ȥãطŭѣطG ˵Ƭ̹ȻҪҹȴ˻
ѽ⣬Сˣʹʹãǻϵĵط
ҵǶطײÿ

޺ȡطGָָǰıӡ

ȡطGк⡣
Ͼдžܾ
㲻ϣطGã㲻޺Ⱦƣϲ˯Щ΢Ц
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޵ˣطGڻסֻҪ룬ھͿԡ½ְ̧εķΡ
ĳˢ
־ŭʹƿ˵ߡ
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㣬ǡսϵ㣬Ůա
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ѡطGŹֵЦƭҡҲƭң˵طTˡߣŮİ̽ڡ
ƴĶҪӡ

Ĵֻм磬ȻƳԹ޵Ŀ⣬
顣
Ŀ⡪ԭ
סˣͣ룬ſ֡
ߵߣʹŶͷŴŵᡣ

ʮү»ʱѾˣطȻƿ˷š

ߣطһڽ﷢
ҵͷطŭɶ㵽ô˹ȥ׽طG½
طGĿ˵
ٸһΣط鲻һеҵˣҪ裬ԼŮˣ
˵Ʋ첽뿪

ûطСĵʣͷ
ƽҡҡͷ
ҷģһΣط֣ٲӦˣҲһԲ𡪡
ḧӣ۵ĽǺͻںޣȻһ㱣ϡʶʲô˵ӰӡĶǡ
طһ£ԼҵĻǺӵ˵ߡ˵ţ⿪ȹӡ
˹ڴڼ䣬ˡ





128

128 ı ... 
 
 
ʣϡüҪá
æס˼ҲǺġ
ţүؿշ񻹵˱ԣޣ
ô˵ӹҲǺģҲˣصﲹƢĲ裬ƽϣǽ˵С
ӣ첻Ը㵱Ҫǣںˣү˾ʮûˣ
˵ȻﲻζȴǰЩӲǻ˷ô
ú壡Ź˵䣬˼һһ𣬾Ͳӷô
ͷŲ裬Ǻò衪Ȼգ̧ͷүǸӣӳѩ˳үƫҲӦõġ
үһˣ¸ӣҿ㵽ʱô죡Ե硣
ɵѾͷҲֲģֵһݸ

Ӵ»һɫҴҵС̫ײţЩգʲôأûۼ
ˡūŸʮүͿأ
ʲôŶϵĲʹҲÿŵ·ߣ
ǻϵ˼ʮү˽¡С̫һЦʮү߲ȢĲรҪˣЩЪš
ʲôҪͰŵ»üȥɣ

⼸æųĴ£˩ھ̲ϷšЦίˡ
ΪЦίı֣ͽ˵ɷˡ
ԼˣʲôӺЩˡЦʵ
ţͷ̫ҽƣ궼öˡͷЦЦ㳢裬ڣζɬͣġ
Ȼ㣡ԽԽˣС޲ڡ
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̧ͷֻ
еǻһ׹أૣ̫ˣǡ񣡡
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û£û¡ɫе㷢࣬ʮүиǸ˶
ȻһңĪĪģֲˡ
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롪ЦЦѾͷͷһؼ;ƣԵֵģʹӦţҴȥҲҡ
㿪ڣвӵЦŽǱơ
ãҾĲˡЦȥһͻʱһͷ㣡

סڼҵ᷿ЩϿĽ˵ҲЩô
ɵĵͷȴ֪ȻΪʲô

أطGŲϡ
ȥ˷ʤϵѾͷӭæӦţӡԣһԼ˽Ҫ𡪡
ŶطGźȻż㣬һ̧ͷС̫ߣʱһǡ
ӽȥǶƸɣֹԣ˵˵ӽȥʤҪС׿ȥġӭæ͡
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ӭһطGӦȥˡ

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ܵ˺󼸲תѰŵķ
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طGһ·̵գȴϵû˿۹
һ磬ҽȥ˵꣬ߵڵĴЪȥˡ

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ֻһͷЦ㿪ϡط黵ЦҲġֵŪ࣬ŪЩ㱣ȥ˯

ڰؿڵǿˣһʹ֪ʲôʱܺáط鲻֪Ҫ֣Ȼƭƭʱ̾Ϣȴû룬úۡƺԽԽ˯ˡ
ոȻطһֻСѹ
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طһ㶣§ЦҾҪˣôܲأ
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ط׶ĵҲǣһգգգۣ˵һǣ͸ˣҪҪҧ
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129

129 ǰ ... 
 
 
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ģءЦЦͺúõ׼İˣ

ѩطž§ѩ˺һɿЩ˵˵ûɣ
ĵ飬ֻЦЦͷһԼС
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ʮǰǼˡҡͷһЦϲǶιѾҪҿý֦ǣһǰ׮ĲԤôѣ
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طGһ㶣æеңŶ簡ʾ
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˵㼸䡪طGһյ裬Ѿˣȴһ㶯ûС
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ңطGҡͷĿֻ㣬Щ룻򣬵ʱҪּǿûѶ

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ӣҲˣţȥүҲôˣ
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Ȼʲô˵ˡãԼˡ

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ʱ۾һӣĥɶ¶գգ۾
ܸ𣡣طGһЦưɡ΢ЦȻЩ죬ЩӣٶǺӹˣӭз֮ʹ

̫ҽ˵ͩ޿ģ⺢ӣֻǲˡ
طGüŸ˯ݣⲻǺúõô
ͩ߿ޱҡͷ֪˶ҩȥſ˯ˡ˺üˣúͲˡ
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ͩһ㶣΢΢죬ϡûطG΢Цĺ塣





130

130 ı ... 
 
 
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131

131  ... 
 
 
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Ҵǰ֪ԭСӸǳҪطһ˵һţ۾Ͱ͵һ𡪡ѽѿһЦ˼죬öˣü۶ˡ֣üĿģ㡪
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ʲôȻƼѵһӡ
ǹʹ͡طȻƵģ˯ţû㡪ʮˣһѶ͵ģֵ͵ģ֮񵥾ͼ󱾡طЦˣ³㣬ûŲ¶ءҪô
ҡͷϣȦƺδ˰ȻϣôطһҲѾҸˡ
ӻûءطȻ𣬡ȹˣԼҲš
ڼϲġֻдġ
ǡطȻЦƵģĽòá
һ㶣ȻЦ˵ԼĽôôõ
ӰĽҲЩ̫Ǹˣ˵ȥ˲˼
Ҳˡطȴ棬ӵСôˡǵãģ˭

ٶһطףҪúòء
ûʱҪҲôûꡪ㿪Щ
ȻòˣطЦЦչС˵˾
ֲšĶ䡣
طЦŶ㿪죬ĽĽ£ܲܲļ˰ɣ

ءطȴûƼطGˣתʺ»
ںء»סʮүֹһ˺Ⱦأǣеˡ
طͷ֪˵Сġ

ĸ硪طͤ£ȡơ
طGҲᣬһʹ
̧ȡƺȴط鰴ס
ҡطG˫΢죬Ŀ
ȥƹˣطȴֻѩƮա
طGͷỨ
ѩԽԽţΩѩˮ΢С
طGһһĺȡطûȻң˻ߣѾ̫Ҹˡ
ĸ磡һѷסطGҷطա
طGķٽţȻһġ
һֻССҵڵϡ
طGȻηһƿڵʰƵĴڻ
طһüġδ꣬ȻƳЩ졣
һ
ʲôطһʵ
طGİĿڡ
£û߳ӣֻ
ѩطG׽ѩ
طָ񡱵죬ȭ߬ļҪˣ
޲óȥھ
ʮү»Ȼסȥɣū˽ˡ
طֻǺݺƿðŴѩ˳ȥ

үˡɸҪ´멣طȴƿһײķš
һܵĻŻĺӣط飬ɿЦЦ
л㡪
ɫЩһ£ĽĽҡ֣ѯʵĿ
ط˵ͽ½
־ŭţʲô
أطϵ˵š/
ˡؿڵ
Ƕ˰ɣĿƵĶǶģˣ
ŭˣıʶЩʲô˼ץֽ϶
㻹ңطҲŭɶǲڵôô
һȻˡһʱģطѾˡ
û˵ˣط۾ǲȥʹץļš
һ¡
˵ʲôˣֶֶ첻Ρ
˵ط޺޵˵ɵӶóһֱͲϷŹ㣡ζ֣
һҪˣط鲻ˣʵ
Ŀֻʹҡͷҡͷ촽ƺ˵ǡ
̯ģ֪ҾҲϽȥġд̧꣬ͷĿټİ󡣡ҡ
ط鿴Ȼ̾һڻѩյۣ㣬ô죿ȻЩỨ

ϣ»طԶ
طGˣ
ȣ»ͷƵġ
طGƵģ޽ǰģ׵ˣ
ţ»ȻüЩ̣ʮүô
طGۣǿɲ

ˣСЩȣүû˵롪
طҲš
ǻϵ˼վȵϵѩҩ䡣
ȥ߻ϣĸӶãģطĻؾ
ȴɫ˵ˣҪ¹ʱʱտšһҡ䣬⺢ӡ
ĽĽ֣ȻͶһ¡ĸоһ˿յĺ塣߬һĽĽС֡
ĽĽȻĿ
ط鷳ĳ𣬡ʲô
һﴺۣһߺһ߰ߡ
ʮүЩˡ
ͿͣطͷҲصķȥվԭأ۾ίỨ

үСΪѵط顣⡪
»һˣִͳһѵĶСԺӡ
طüĵ;һ
ع˵ˣ䣬ӳѩӵЩѡ⼸䶼ǡСָָ̾üֻľ䣬Ǽ䡪ָָļ䣬ǸСġ
ˣط
үССԥһ£ָָǼѾͷع˵ˣѾͷźӳѩӵӡ
顱
طеů¯ݺڵϣĹСһ̿ĩӡ

ĽĽǰҹ
ĸ硪̧ͷ䣬طϲȻȥõĿͣܵ˦ӣֻ˵ôˡ
طGȴһЦô£ôܲ
ǰ˵㻹ӲãһǶܲˣط˵ȴβסĵıŤ
һ۾ˣطGЦ˵ 
 131  ... 
 
 
Ҷнţϲ¸ˡ
طƴǣͲߣȴĽĻֻ̌ͷĽĽʲ
طĢḧźӷ۵ЦЩ
ϣƣЦءĽĽʱ˵طG硣
ȣطGǿһЦӳ濡
ȡһֻССϡ
Ƕ͹ôָءطɫԽѿ
ǻϸģǲġطGźֵС֣
Ȼ̾ﰡ֪⣬⡣
ط鼸Ҫˡ޲þסһ١
ǿԼȥֻõôҲúһ˵ᣬƣⲻ뷨
ˣطGҡͷȴֲֿһĽĽ̾񰡡

ôһˣƼطɫЩã֣ô
ˡطƿ֣˵ЪŰɡ
ڹҡḧգ۾һ£ط顪ָе㶶ġ
ҡطʹҧҸɴİ͸ˣ°ͣȦ΢죬һ죬ϸģҪһ㣬ڣǡûˣҡ
ͷԼֶᡣ
ͷ˵ⲻСʼնŹǵġֽ⿪½
ϣطоһֱڰ˫һֱҲߣߣ
ĵıŶطGպޣȫȵļ飬һеĹע






132

132  ... 
 
 
ɵĽűӣա
ѩطְڼͷһȥ˵աȥѶ
ֻǿ룬ʹȥƵĺ磬ôֻҪһ죬طGưոݡ
ģط֣𲻴Ӧǲֵġ
ͷ϶񣬡ѩ·СġһһĶ

ϣť»Ͼ㵲ѣ£ô
˵ʲôˣطGмƵģ޲ҪȲĶѡ
ǡť»ɲģӳѩѾĸˡ
޾һ䣬ԸǲԸô໰طGЩͷ
ֻǧҪΪǷ򸾡ť»ʵ̫˽طGˣ֪طGκξٶĿĶΪ֮ģҲĿľݡֻӳѩһ׶༪١
һ֮Ҫʲôзִ磡Щˣǲϣұˣ

ùԡť»϶ŪĽĽӳѩЦĺø
ֻЦЦĺܾöûиһлҳˡϾڹΨһ֪ĵˡ
Ƽǰ÷ĺأť»ϷºӣĻҡѵ磬ȥΣ
ӳѩĽĽҴҴǣĽǾӨĿˮȥ̧ͷ˵ͷ

Сġť»֣ƣǰˣ
̧ͷȻѩ֮УǰһƬεĻ졣
ǰվһť»ϺȻЦɫ磬ĻСյΣմŷĹ⣬ĲԼҪЩ
ԥűѱǣŽš

ɻˣСӭűѽɰү˵ųﺰүˣ
طȻҴ׷ѽȥĶ֣һƼ㲻ڣһ˵ƣЩˣĽĽأ
һ㶣ơ
翴ˣطɫȻһ䣬û
Ҳˣ·һ·ܻطҡ
طһһɣ
ּ£ӣ
ĽĽأ
ӸһѾͷȻ˵ҪС硪ҡ
ط鱩ףѺӸˣ
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㲻֪Ҫʸ𣿣طȻʧأأʲôˣҲ𣿣
˵Ȼӵ˼ģøͱȥˡɡͨѩޣүذգ
ɫҰףվֻý·顣
ѩطһѱסɶţȥ

ţΣҶ뷨ӰѺҪط֣߬ģʵﲢûеףԼطG֣ҪǲðɷѿĵĲãõֵİѱ֣

ԣطGﻳĽĽЦ⣬ǿ
֣ſһŭȡ
Ѻӻңط۶ŭ
طGһ֣ﱧĽĽ¡л˵ô
䣬ı顣
ĽĽطGҪȥȴ¡
ʮү尴Ž
طһ߿û߳ĽȻĲӣʮүԲסˣ
ôط鱻ţȴ޲˹ȥסĲʡ
طGӻ֣޸˵仰ɵ˵ûʲô¶ź򡪡
סſڡ
طֱʵǰΪʲôҶӣŭɶŲ˳ۣҿɴƭŮʲô£
ʵգطGƿԲŪǰ¯޲ûԼĶˡ˵Ҳɲô
طЦĶߣˣ¶Ƕʲôƭ
ط飡طGЩŭˣ˵Сģ
Ҿô˵ѵ˵ˣطĶ㲻ӳѩһҲ˵Ķ
ģطGһЦҺﲻô
㣿طȻʧأȥվһȭ
طGķڵأ޺޵ĨȥǵѪۣЦĸӱ͸ҵġû꣬طһȭ
ȴطGǰЦˣɴˣݵѪЦԵѣĽĽ޵Ķӣ
⻰Ȼãط鵱ʹסˡ
ʣطĲӰϣܣٸҡݺݵһطGʱѡ
裿طG΢˵ЦݸŤԼӣ
쵰طȴɣӳѩһҲĽĽİ꣡
˰աطGɿһ£źӳѩкüҹߵġյİʾ
ֱط﷢˺ѷεı¶һ˿΢Ц
㻹㣬ⱦҪȥô
ңҡطĳͷߣ˹
ˣطGһȣطûȶѾе¡
ˣطGϵĳֲǣظɣ

˻ˣһֱµĹСȻ
үСƣȴ˰ããѩʲôҲû
С硪վ£һ
ط黺̧۾˿ңΣ˰֣ȥաȥ
ԼųصĲӻƿ鷿ţ
ӣСæȥסţǡ
ǶЪŰգطľȻĻ˵ңԼ

ȱ𼱣ȰţүѾȥһˣһͰĽĽͻˡǵúӣǧԼԼȥ
ѾϵĽҪӶߵģطGȻı£ô뵽ֻһĵᡣ
ޡţЪţүһ鷿أһӷ㣬ȥգǡЦһ£ʡ
ѵĵ˵ͷ

үſںӦ̧š
ˡ
̧Ҫãֻ˵Ҳ㡣
סˣɱ㺰үңɣӳѩ㡪
˵˲뿴㣡طЩƵĵͺ
촽΢ɵͷת뿪
ǡȴס
ҡͷһ̧š

ըװŭ
ᵱ͹
ƿܻطѩ޺ۣʧ⵽ûżݺݵİڵϡ
ӣɼеĹſѾ档

үƢ壬ҲǶ²ˣϵĲˣѹһùˣⲻǵġ
žžવĵᣬҲĻ㣬طGһΣֻҪȡĺӣҪкòײսҸȫٵ

Щ˯ɡ£ӣûãֻ
飡һͬʱһ
ү̧ͷȴطͨͨ˫ۡһӣͷֻŵһ
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ӣɿ鲻ԣ˹ǰҪʲôѽ
ȥطݺ׽ɵ½ˤһԣֶݺݵĵ
־£ĳӡ
ʱ
˺üڴϣֵ̿ıż磬ƴ㡪طѾˣһطGҪֲĹҪˡ
طĶ־ڻڳһ
ݡ
̶ѲµڵϱƲһ顣
ܵĻؿڣҧ
ûõġ
ݡݡѲ֮
Ѿ
ҵĶţһΪ䣬࣬Ϊ־塣ٿݿ;һ۾ͿҪ
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طᣬ沿һ֡ˢĳ𴲵ƵĲʵ
߿ţһͨͨİһ㣬ѩȥ

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ǵɧǵζһ֮£ѱ
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ͨȥ˵طĺ
ⲻðɡ»һһҪʲôѽ

طļͷãֺˮʪؿڵһƬѡ
»£طһŹȥ˵

㣿طGҲЩ⧲ʲô
л˵ط鿴һܡطG⣬ˡ
˵˵طGŵĿʵȴġ
ط鲻ֻǳ񣬰ѹڻ˳
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طG΢΢죬
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ôĵط黳ֱݺƳȥ
طGܵһѽסڻ
ֻҪӦһ¡طЩѶӻң
طGſдľԼĴ멹סƽ˵˵ˣĽĽ޵ġ
ѣطץˣѾӳѩˣĽĽң
޸ˣطGһһԲҪ⺢ӣҪˣ
˵꣬ɪɪ˵ޣѡҪأҪء˵Ц̧ͷط顣
ɫԽԽ԰ס
ġطGΣյЦţѡԺǡ˵꣬һѡ
ɱż򣬾̵Ŀط飬ֿطG˼ȴͣǶ 
 132  ... 
 
 
м䡣
ط飬ĽĽɷ򣬻Ǻӡ
ֻѡһ
ҪطGһ𡪡ĽĽа
̧ͷط顣
ҪһһеĻȥߡ
طҲڿ˺ѵ;ôȷĸһ
߹ȥǣط֡
طGͷһ
طۿʪʪģ̧֣·ҪӡȻɿָһһ˺ѵʹ
ġط鿴طGʹĵľֻҪĽĽ
ǰתʹȥ





133

133 в ... 
 
 
ϡٵ˷׷׵ͷ
ˣطG֣ǣź򡪡
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֪طGŪеСĽĽߣŶŪġĽĽ

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žݺݵĴ֣ϸĲָ˻衣
㣿طGѺݺһۡ
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طľȻĿһۣһһڵˣҲϵҡιޡѾǵμˡ
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ãǽܡť»֣ᣬҰﲻ㣡
ѿ޳ˣΣҡͷʵĴҲ㡪
գȻЩ취ť»֪Լһı磬ʼҪŬֲһҪúõģᣬǧɵ£û꣬Ȼͷ޵ĸʹ

ӣ¡»ЩڵĹӶĶ㿪ЩȤŽθ˽Ρ
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ĵ
лᣬһַŻ
ӣСġ»СĵĻǸ߸ߵĺż
˵ڣ»һֳе̴ӡ

ĽĽطGҡС壬ȰĶŪźӣĽĽȥ׽ҡߵС壬Ǳ߾Ө֭ƵĿˮءסֺıĽĽգ۾΢΢Ц⡣
һŻͷƼ˹ѩ״멵
ˡطGڳǰɫŸոյĿ֡
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鿪̽ȹɢϥ¡
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һĽĽΪ⿪һһŦۡ
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ſҧֱۣڻˮͷһ㱡

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£Ժ󶼻ڡ

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ʱ˸顣
ĽĽĸװĽĽ
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ƿ
طGǲɣű͵һƣȻȥؿڽϡ
׽ĽĽߵСȣٴС
طGûٶ˹ȥ

ĽĽһѱ§ڻޡ
ĽĽͻİЩӦȻֹͣ˿
İһʰԼ²ݲݹӣϴ멣ĽĽڻƿĵĺšһ·첻һ̴Ǭ
ߡĬĬ˵һ汧ĽĽ





134

134 Э ... 
 
 
ʲôˣİҹɫиۣһƮҷѩ
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135

135  ... 
 
 
ĽĽƣطGɿģһµСҼ
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ӣˡӻһֻСУˡ
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ȻġƱڻѺˡ





136

136 ҩ ... 
 
 
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137

137  ... 
 
 
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֪ԼȥǡһŲ 
 137  ... 
 
 
Ļ棬Ǹҹģȴ֪Ĵе㲻ģ
̫Ǹˡ
ܣԼĻڣ˭ǲãǲԵģݡ
ǣɦɦ䣬Ȼ֣ԼĶѾյ֡ģһô





138

138 ݺ ... 
 
 
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ߣأͩЦⲻǸͷҲÿζ׻۾ĽĽôɰһӣôһ˵İأҪ٣ϸĿӡ





139

139  ... 
 
 
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ҡͷ̫ðˡҪôĽĽȥϰĽĽԼһôܱߣ
ͬĿ֮ԶĽĽãΪҿϰߣԼסĽĽһ
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141

141  ... 
 
 
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142

142 ΢ ... 
 
 
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ͷųֵıӰʧѩԼ˵ԼĲҲ˹һΣط鲻µġ






143

143  ... 
 
 
ңҡ
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ϣǣ»ǰһĻʵǲ̣ǽг´ưɡ
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ˣӣǺӵĸףѡԴΣѾҪİһֱȥ˰ĻУ޷˵Ϊˣȫܵİ

ʮүҩӭСҩҺںɢ뵵
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ǣǡطGȥ⣬ǿЦǾˣ

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ĽĽСȥ׽ڰյС
˲ŸޣĽĽطֲ󣬺Ŀꡪ
ĽĽСתͷȥѰĿ⡣
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ĽĽطٴСꡪ
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ҲЦЦЦţȴ۾
ôط˵ţȴҲỨһļ磬һְĽĽڻУǵĶӣаˡãá

ĲЩ𣿡ôЩҩ
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ҲֽĬĬصСĲҲһͺõ˵ġļ
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ͷһӭ㿪ʵǱ𣿡
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⡪СЩԥ
ˣӭ˵ˣӵİɣֶ࣬ôŶӦ͸ϽȥȫȫǱԺӰɡ

ùԡطĽĽϥϣһһѧĽĽѧÿ죬طղ԰׵һϲѪɫ
ƣ˭ط׽С֣һӣЦĽĽа
ĽĽ㵸ƵģͷЦ
ŪͷطҸЦ
طһ˵ЦС
ĽĽС죬ͷط鱻ֻǿЦ
СӣطЦС
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ط˵ţԣҹѩˣ˯ĺòá
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طȻһᵹһߣҵĴϢŴأʹؿڡϢʹ
꣡ĽĽҲסˣһʼصĿޡ
ӭæܽƣ죬Сȥ´ˣ

´ˣҸ׼ⲡܺãǲܺãܺãʲôʱܺãŻԵط飬ųʡ
ĸ첲ģʮүǸ˫ȫˣ࣬µġ
ͷȴֹסᡣ
һ۴齱⣬ᣬ
м仰㽻һԵ˵һϼգ͵ҩסҵĻΣҩòã취Ŀҩˣǧ֪ڶҩһ취Ҳоȣ㣬ҪúտǣЩʱ䣬ΪԼЩ㡪
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ްɿްɡ۵Ŀ㵱ңίˣֻǣǧƼƼ񲻸
һ̧ͷƶд
һΣҲߣҲᡪ





144

144  ... 
 
 
Ųţط飬Ͽտյģһ̾ͳȥҡ
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ԽԽܼѩƬһԲս΢΢мġ
ʱ룬ҲⱲӶǶ¸ǽҲҵİ꣬ҵֵܽãҵĴڣֻܺڣµİѩϡ
ζ뵽ҲȦܺĸһΪҪǣ˵ţļ磬Ŀû뵽һ㣻ҲѾܸмܸм
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ֻźܿǵĽĽܳˣһҲһҲעǸط鱧ǣῴҲһҪſרעĿĵ׵һУҵĻ㶮𣿡
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ˣôˣӭ쿴ųֵı飬Ȳʡ
ֲֻһЦͷȥ
ӭֻһ۾üôһҩˡ
ֿŴϵطЦݸȷΪҪˡ
ӭһԵͬʱһ㶣˵үĲҪˣ
ҿûô˵Цֻ˵үĲкת
ط֣ЦЦž⡣

ӳѩأط峿ҩʱֲæʡ
ˣӺ͸һأӭطҩ
ǹͷЩôôҪطҩ죬Ҫô
˵ˣǹģǼȻãôһȻӭҡͷԵ˵Ϊ࣬׼ˡѽƺöɣ
˵䣬Žڵ롣
ҺæһϣˣЦŰݵǰϿɡ
Ӵ̡̣طȲҨͣһûȥȽп಻
һʱҶЦ
ᴵһ͵ߣ㿴ȹĿɺòã
ţطЦãƷ˵ֱӶ˹е룬ԼҨų
㿴ڴЦ
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һô͵͵ȥҲңطıӣ㣬ˡ
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˵ЦʣҪҪ
ðطͷҺҪҪҵθúõĿŵطҹĺõأ

ϦҹǰδеַǷطҲϲѣĽĽѾͷһ𣬳ҹ˵Ÿ˵ĻĽĽİ꣬ٽҹСźüԺ𣬱һ󣬴Ҽһ֣ǰй˿ѣڣҲκεĥѡ

˰ɡ˯ĽĽŵİСϣطŹļ硣
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ʲôҲ˵ģıסϣµôԶʱ򣬸öãȥĿѶȥδԶصġ
ûϵֲ˵طĲҪ𣿵ȹָ꣬Ҹڵǰգ

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ĽĽͷգգ۾ӭӭĸͣ
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Դ˵ȥطGҹǺҲǺƣ
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һطߣһõطǰЩӸոЩɫ԰ȥ
ѵõ˯۵Ҫ 
 144  ... 
 
 
ޣֲҿޡҪƼĺȦ
˵ģ㡪ͷһôԸĻԸȥǼ¡Ǻ˵ģط飬һͦȥһԡ

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´Ѿܷˣ⼸ջʱʱĸգǳ´һ˵ǰܺҩǰմ꣬´ԼҲ˺ˣǧ򲻿ԩѽ
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 145  ... 
 
 
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146

146 ݣϣ ... 
 
 
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147

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