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ֵܡ͢ѪͼƪܳԤң»Ŀǰֻ˵һһĻһ̶˿飬Ȱλǰ˼ķ˵ 

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һ 

Ⱥ¹յӺʶԭ̫֮ʵͼΣʮʼô󶨣ӵ续ɽ 
ʥʮǲ־ȾɽһɲԴŨޣɽΧһƬƽ̹ȵأϪˮɽѶ߰ǽӳ䣬էһһԴⲻ֪ǻء 
δ˳ȴإ꣬µһͷһƬ棬ֻڴϤĽ̵ͽܣ˵ͽȻĹŵӺȴƫƫǻףʮѧգһȴҪȥңв²볤̾ꡣ 

㣬īӺױһƮѣֶһ̾ݸСͽսѴɣٽ̲ʲô㸸ȥʰձ̰ա 
걻ǲѧգʮ䲻üŶ룬ǻ˾Ҳֻý̫ӹӺ⸸絭ֻʣһ㣬ǿԸײأ಻Щ΢ǣӢվƽ޲޳ĿΨ˸ 
ĸ䱻ΪˣȴǰӣպҲҪ㸸ִƱȨһԶãȲԣӳȣΪʦҲģֻһȥչᣬԴξſգǵĪ 
֪ͽأ̫ӽãֻ̼㼴סڣӺʦǾأѵǡȥʰװ 

һ磬۰ݱʦλʦֳùʮʿǣȺ򣬾Щڴѧյżҽͷǣƥ쿥һ˴ޣȥ 

ιؾƽʮ·̣ƾɽ뱱ԭϾһ彨೯ɽΣʮʿפڴˣ̫޳; 
һг۵ְιʱȡʳĴƬƽԭΨʣһƬ˥ݿ֦˪һȥɷɪֱٽǹ䳵̴Ϣֳ 
Ӻͳ˧೯ʮ꣬һڳн˧ÿ굹дʱڴ˾סʱҲ游פ·ʱѰšſڼҽһ˷Ը֪Ӳǰ䲻ϵûòȴʶɣʱӭ˽ȥԺ鷿 

δʱ鷿ȴֻȣһ̧ۼĸ̸ϮƤǲ䣬һж꣬ղ԰ݣ벻ǰʱǸӢģɼȷǲء 
װá 
¾֮ɫߵͷʰãõͳһٻգվЩҿ 
߽վ 
ڻϰ䣬Ƥһɹɫͬʮɣͦ޳һվԨͣȴĸһ˫ۣȻӺʱݡ 
Ӻⳤδ˵ĸȴϾԼѪۼӢ䣬µĽٱ⸸طеȥңʮʵδ価Щ˸֮Ǹ֮ȻĿ㲻Ծº 
ʦǰţ˵ѧɣڱѾ²ģ 
ʮ겻״Լ˺ɫһʦޣнƤë 
ӺһЦʦǵȱ£ѧЩƤëǲ˵˶٣ʣ˵⼸ʵһЩʶ֪ⱱ֪٣ 
в֪ݶ𣬡䣬⺷۵ҳʿѷһ 
֮սʤ 
һһ䣬кâһʣ財 
òԵУǿԴսԦ֮Ѫ±ʿƻұΪǣԶǿ 
ˣζһЦǰ㻤̫ϸӭȢι󽫺ǧɱֱֻǧӭʿȴƵбնɱ£ʤ࣬ô˵Զǿ 
ϸɽƽԭϳ۳ҹˣȴɽ֮սűˣ±ʤֱ֮㲻㡣ʱұ⣬ٲ湥㷨żʹϼλУȴñʧ֣ʤҲʤôݱսȻǱڶԷѣʤԽԽá 
Ӻͳ꣬ʵǱһˣȻ֮ʱ޲Ҫ㣬΢΢ףʣ鷿űƿһԴϸ 
ң 
ͷſ߽ʮ꣬쵰Ϻһ˫ӣˮī㣬һֻѣδЦ֣˵ɫˡ 
СӣӺʱһţֻʣºͰЦգָŻ۵磬硣 
һ˵ͬĸֳչ廳ûһ˿Цģȴͻʩȥ 
硣 
۱߳һͷʱֻ˫üֻŨһһֳֺСˢӰ㣬⣺ü˵ԣϣܾ̫ 
ʱֻ꣬ʮδı棬ֵܣȴ޶꣬ĸΪ޺ܱܵȦиһ٣ԣֻض񡣡 
ӺУһüԳ̾ 

ա 
£Ӻ򻳷磺ɳȥĳлظ 
УŴġ 
ͳֽϣҮپǧڹʮƬУ峤鶨ڽʱҾޡضλǿ䱸 
Ÿ׼ǽܵܣΪߵĲӣСС游޾̸ɴǲ죬ʹֶ࿴ۡ 
ӺӹϸƬ̣ۻӵܣӦӺĶӣɲ̡Ӯ鵽׻Щ߹⼸̫ƽ࣬ȴҲ̿ɴ೯δѹڶಿ಻ʱţҪϼһЩպźý˧ӡ 
ⷬĴȸ֮飬ǸӼĤ಻ݡ 
ʦ˵ز鿴飬ԱһָƣֻϾﳤפһЩϸزû˵ɱҮڣ 
Ӻ˵꣬Ѹ٣㲻Ŀ 

Żһ̬֮粻Ը˵ǰ޼ɵСŵ̫Ӹ糣˵ڱ¼ʶߣ䴦ǧ֮ȴ֪һһҲ֪ʲôǸֲ֪õģʣض޲ 
۵ͷһ붬ҳ϶ô磬Ҳࣿ 
һЦ֪궬Ѳҳˡ 
ɻ֪Եʣϸ 
նΪʱжʳﲻʱֻĴάƣǸ꾰ãڶЩһҪ꾰̫ƽࡣͨйϣұ㽨֮ʿű߾Уʳڡ˿ԶѷҳʯԽճԱ˷ȻҲԸѪ̣ս˵ƽϢǣɻһͷţǧƥƥװʿ̷ţֿɻǧʯʳҸǻ㡣Ҳ̫ƽǰЩ밧ιĲҮ֣˹룬ʳﲻԣӣĲ岻Ըƽǣ˰æҮȫʮӽҲǧ֮ 
ϲֵܾ˾⣬Į߰ȴĿ޳ʵѧ֮ʿأ¶Ի࿴취á 
绹Ǻԣһޣǵ⣬ɫѿЩʶúܣЦü䣬¶һڱ౴ݡ 
ӵϰڹĶǣ޲ϳɣǻеۿȤϵĸӲ͡ 








ڶ 

ڳͨ飬ʱ㽫˴αȥҮװ˵һ˵꣬һﻳɫýδźã 
찧ιصΣһ署һдⲳҮо;̼ѳأ³ 
۾գգ΢΢𣬡 
Ұ¡ 
ӺԺ۲ɮ붨ȴ֪ױٲýԼг 
ιɽƶͣʮڿͨླڵĵ·ΪҾؿأҮ٣ʾ֮ˣ᲻˷ѱؾƽ֣֮ƹؾ룬ܡϷҰЩƼɲͨУݴ˲ʮǳؿͨ벳Ү²Ҳʮǧ˲ۣһ㹦ɵִɽº۶ʮǼ̳ܵĴ򡣵˶ʱʱǰظʱδİռǰԮҾʿδ𴲣ٺǰȥҮȥԶˡ 
꣬˫ȸԾƣŽӢͬҲ롣Ұ಼֡ɽңԸЩһµڵУǧɻ˲Ү 
ǧǧСҡͷնǧ˷Ұ£ǧأƵƬέǲҮ˻زصıؾ֮ءҮһ弫ظڴ˽ɱͽ󻼡 
ɱϼɭȻֻû綸Ȼ 
֪ʱӺ˫ۣӵ̺ͣȴŸൣǡ 

Ĭӭ֮ߣӺȡ磬ȥǧóӢǵ 
ȥӺĬȻӳӣ 
۰Ȼǹ۹ģڸĿݳغ⣬һʡ 
ðΣӺ͵һ̾꣬ÿɻ𣿡 
ȣθ׹ذȻӺʮ겻Ųʣ˼Ҳ͵ˣˮ£֪󲻵ãҲէȻ䱻֣ϲ˵ıŤãʦʦֶչҡ 
ӺͷҡͷʦȻǺõģֻٺãϾȼ˵ĸ׷´ȴǸӣ֮θɣʵǨŭǲţƯꡣ 
ĸӺңǵʺӣҲ⽿ЩΪɷϲ»ۺ䡣ӺԷӭȢŮĽң֮ӻ磬ƫĸӶˣ֪ʺ޽ӣ޺ӣûӴ˳ΪȥƵķˣʵǻеһγţ°ŭּ̫ϷΪˣȦھСҲܴۣ֮Щȥ֮λ⣬ֻӺãһӣӼУȻܴףⳤӱһ棬ȥѧ֮ϳ¡ 
ĸ֮΢¶Ȼĸأ˴ãҲӦ 
˵ȴԹӺ˿Ц¹ǨýҲȰңֻһĸףŭҲĸ׵ˣ᲻֪Ӷĸζʲôƫܺǰ㶾֡ܵһһǷˣٳҲֲĸµĸӣȻҲûֻܲŲʡ 
۴δ븸̸ոӺ¶΢ɺһθ֮˵ʮһ۲΢΢𶯣ĺƱͶ˿ʯӣþòƽ 
͵һ̾ӺʧЦԳˣ̲ס£һҪͬ߶߶Żͬ˵Щʲôķ 
Żۻӻ֣ȥ÷ɣϻҪҲЪЪЪյģǸײ㣬ʵʱղ࣬⾰ҲֻóǰӾֵˡ 
۴ʱ֪ѵޣȻٿ򵽸׿ģ΢ᣬ״ﶦʢһʱӲʣô˵ɥ֮ȹձ߹ˣؾ̫ҽƣЩҲͺˡ 
ӺΪǵʥܵܣزû̫ҽΣ֪ⲻǿο֮ʱ˿̣˭Ĵơ 

۳ȥӺβסƣ̬¶˿죬˺ѷΰһԣ״ǰһ󷢺ڣЦ룬ȥɡ 
ңҹñҪȥȪ 
ޣӺо֡ 
֪Ĳӣʴ˰ٰıҪԼǰźû飬ѱĸ֮Թ׵ܣһΰȨգ紦ݣ˲нһ̸Ż۽ħպŵֵܺǽ಻Σ 
Ӣ۳ĺ壬Ӻǡ㺲һ㡣ɢһء 

Ұ 
¶أ϶δҹҲǳϢɰת˲ֹڲݼɱ˪ 
ǧľ󡢲ݴУλһ˿ϢȺɽ 
һߴɺ󣬻ϯض˻ľƤīɫҹɫΪһ塣 
ҹ£ɽأûһǻ⣬ܱһһľ˱ԽСģ಻ƶֻյֽֽ 
״޳׾ڵյþˣѶýӲָһɿס飬ǡƵʱָԾŲңȥ 
ԣƥͷͷڵϣϸ˲ݲݣԶںһ磬ɽң۰а⡸ɽҡסߴΣֵͬȴܶ 
ҹֵͬӢǧҰ࣬ʱȥůҲѱ紵͸۲Զļ䶳ݴСԹ 
˷絶಻Ѱ֪ѰʿͣһƳĿ֮󡢲ݼ䣬ʿһȡůнƥһΧȦģмܷ硣ǻ磬ţһţϥ䣬ֻ¶һ˫۾Ҳ͸ˣȴһԡ 
֮»ܳԵ࣬۴ʱЩܵܣָ΢Ӳһɣȥһֻסһ 
ȴȻڶ˵ϣݽˮУã粻ֳͻȻס֣ȴֵýȡů̧廳Ȼһ֡ 
¹ҫ£ۿܵü䣬׽ƣȥ䵭͵͵֡ 
粻⣬ȴԥԹֳס̫಻Ĵ͹ȥ 
ֻһůϴ˳ֱ۽֫ٺ˵ůһѡ 
˹յ蹦ֲűɿ˿̻¶ů͹ģԭǰĸ羹ģ㿴Ҳô׽ 
硭 
͵ͽелȴһסͣ漴һͺȣ 
ʱʿҲȻֻʣһƬ˳ű磬ԶһƮÿ˶С 
̧ͷδ죬Ǻʱ̣Үǰˡ 


 

йڱеȽԽʱƥ¶ͷƤñէһƲ϶ſ˶Դһ䵶˪ɫһâǲҮװ硣 
⼸ǰ̽·¶㲻ǰУĴ鿴һȡȻļ֧ʸС 
͡ļͷɡϣβȼİƴӰӰ´ճʯ֦ 
޹һ㰵ңҵӹʱ䣬ҮƵĹԶ򱱾װչȻ⼸ǧ¶ڲɡ 
˷ܽż俴һԣֳֻһƽ޲Ҳ˷ֺƾþսס 
˶ٷǼҮ̽Ӳ鿴ϣǰɽҰ˹ȥڴ˵Ⱥ˷ɳۻ·šƬ̺˴ 
ﲢһţǧ߰ת˲һθߴ˶¿ӹ¶ڣӵβһʱֻ¡¡֮ 
ླڸ֣ǧ̼һԽ¶ʱߴһȣɱ 
Ųߣ಻ֻһ֣ȴƫƫд֮ƣÿ˵Ķ䣬ʱѾõʿг˻ŲɱҮ֮УһնΪ˫ɱһ 

ķȻҮԤϣʱңѳڵǰӿʼתͷӭСҰǻؼ֮·һأʮа˾ű³־Ƹ֮Үɱۣ䵶裬״ 
Ұʮɣսһţ¶ɢϱչµ˸ӵĽǧʿҲ岻ȥֻ÷ȼΪмõıȼҮǱӵɢ¡ 
ԼƸѩҾдСõӲƴ鶯ֻ׼϶ӵҪѪգ㻬 
֮Ȼ෴󿪴ϼ䣬̫עһȥб촦 

ѪĽ֫ɣһ̱ܼȺȳ࣬· 
ҮʧȻ̶һʱ˹룬ͷβʣǧԿ֧šۼͻΧڵĲҮ촵ţǺţس׳ִҰ±˷һಿ⣬սԭ룬ֻȫʣǧжһϾ 
һսҮǧӵ˵أ򱱾ʿҲˣȴǧˣνȫʤϽ¶ϲõɫ 
¶ױʵ¸أ 
ĩڡ 
ʮĺ׳ӳӢٻǹ 
ŲԶͻΧĲҮǧΧ߾ڲв˱һ£±ʿͬȥ׷֮ˡ 
һսӢ֪λӾ廨ͷĸк飬 
ڷŽսʱֱ⣬ʱһʬæ磬Ҹһȥ 
սã۳һ󺹣ͷԿɢڼձߣѻ㣬Ǽϼɺ죬ǽϵĵѪǱЩһ˫ȴƣ 
۲ÿɷֻһӣ˼УξԼླڳȥʱЩֳӣҲգβ棬һԭ׷ȥ 

һڲҮ··ֻлɻʤпֻȴһ·׷òݵЩбʣͶ׷СʱϡɼƬҮؾ«έ 
˴ˮέһԴ«έߴïܣѱ紵ÿݻƣȴа˶ߣˮ뺵һɣǷĺõط 
ת˲䣬Үʹʣˮƽέڴʱһ֣ױᣬΧѶϢ 

콥ʧȴǰ춯ŲҮбέһ·裬΢΢ɫ 
磬Ҳԣ׷ͬ۲磬ô죿 
˴ధɽʮأ¾Σգв֪ʹ˱ղҮϢȻͼݻɽǧǲ죬һ¹ܴɣθġ 
׷ʮ֮ȫߡ 
˵꣬һﵱ׷ȥ 
Үһҹʱв֧еùǰҹϢ򱱾ͻȻʱҮڳέ֮ʱȴѾԼǧΧ롣 

һսֱʱĩݣҮڹȻϤն£ȻǰһಫЩΧ򱱾Χ֮˹룬սƽϢѲˡ 
ԲĿݵϣսʬҮͬ򱱾ʿӽȫϢһۿȥֻ쳣 
ս֮£ڽʿǿ֮ĩвأ̷ذιʵ̫ǿۿɫԾԣȫӱ 
սͬ۷ŵǣţŵʿ½½ϣȼѣȺˡ 
˴УξҲʣΨУξֻ첲ϱȥƤȫ㵣ƺ֮˱սһͨæµд潫ʿһǧһʮˣ߰ʮˣ½ˡ 
ССһ۾˹룬ŭδԳȴѳ 
ӣ飬ɫֵˣȴ˰ֻ˵ȥΣʵᣬʧѪĶ࣬ĩʱҽΣֲסֻǶӾúܣ˵ʲôҲøĩʵ޷ 
һʡкһ磬Ͼˣüͷһ壬ȥ 

ϣ԰һױϣҧ촽һԣܼܶУξ㶼Χ˹Ȱ 
ӣ˲ֹѪɵģûȵι¾ˡ 
ǰ⻹ʮأȻ˧ξˡ 
ӣ֪ӽƽﶼҽҲû˼ҳǣǰױҲǸҽѧģôȰȥ̫ҽϸƣĽҰģĶô 
ξǴֺÿڲԣһͨȴƤҲֻ̧ѻȥˣŵȥ⻳ֲۣףȴһ˫ſǾǿСݺݵɹұҪƴļƣٿֲ֣Ρ 
˽֪ǰܴȴҽΣûϷûκμ仳˱˾ǰ㡣 
ӣȰȰӰɣٲֹѪɲġ 
Żѹۿ÷һ֧洩͸ƤҲȸϣ⴦帹֮أѪ͸ۻһСݵȾʺ졣 
ʯ䣬˵ܵԵβ˶Ŀһݣһٲųȥ 
оӪҰսر֮˴ֻǳССҲ˼治˧ʱҪʲôȴҵæ֧һ 
򱱾ӪúձƳɣܲ͸磬۽ʽֻѲһǣڵϣ鿴ȷڵʵųǰȴᱧ 
ʧѪ˲־ӣ͸ţԾ׽۽ڣ磬ҳŵסǻؼΡ 
ˣ޶˶˽Ųһͣ 
¡ 
˵Ŀһתˣ˵ʮȥûҺ˭Ҳ׼һ 


ķָߡ 

ʥ֣


 

ϣŴ۾ֳýҩ£ڶ粢һڵĿ⣬ССӪʵʱһء 
ϰ֮˴ථζԸȭ֮ˣȾסվãٻЩóذ¶ļȥַѸھ񣬼ƤӦֶϣǶȴ𶯷ֺ 
ͷţֵһգգŻһһӳһŰ׵Ľ͸ȥ 
жȥƤףǲīɫаȽ˴ϸСȥʻ¡ 
Ҫקססֳ󣬡ôγòã 
ѵܿ˿ڣʹ˰μҲǲɣֻҩ 
üͷҡҡͷֹѪ 
罩סڵ˲ӿˮſ־뱯һԲֱֱ 
Ĳ̣磬ס羱ѪŪ˹ȥ˫޴£ס 

˯еĻԽקſķ˻һŽʮָһһϥǡ 
۰¡屩¶ڿУϸϾļ̳һѪȾƤ⣬Ȼ۴ȴ һƬƽ̹ӦеȻ  ֻӴϸĿ׶ 
ڹ͢ȻȥƵô£ȴͷһĿˡ״ֻҿᣬԼȶѣ治˵ĺãȻֱʱʼĸ׵ʵǹڴ 
һһˣ˿ذнͷ漴ҩֹѪһǳɡ׵õܵź¿㣬ǰ󲻹ٷ򣬻أԻѣ˫üһš 
̲סָü䰴࣬ȴչп־಻ðȡ 
ʮ䣬ֻܵܰףȴ뱳󾹲˲˵ʹ֪µļȻͣΨʣһƬϧ 

߳Ӫʣҹӭ洵һȣ̧ͷ죬ȥʱطιأУȴԭܵļУξѲԶһƬִ֮ѭֻü׵Χ룬һһݡ 
ҪˣûõĶ 
ͷһδɣ·ģ 
 
ǹ֮˷ֱֻۣŸסڡ 
ָӱֱͦͦվһԲʱ˻ۣæԽڶϥ£ܣʱ٣𷣡 
˵˵ţȦ 
ǻͷһԸӲʱйǱݣһѪۣƸոһ㣬ֱ죬üһʲô£ 
ԴһǻҧгݣӣҴǧέȥе;ʱһȺҰǣҧս̼㽫ƥҧóã˰ʮƥЩʧʿҲɣҴһɱȵҲɱ˰ֻʣµһҺȺ˹һƬգ۱㽫ΧСҲ֪Щǲǳ˾ģթúܣȽսҧҧˣǧ˾ôסˡƴɱҹİˣɱȺǳ˳ֻսȫҧˣµһǧҲˣЩֻ߲þ͵ذãҴŻܶһǧϣܣ׻ʱ 
ླһ֪ҽȺ֮أܽǧȴδţУξ㶼Űɡ֪ǲڿȻ˺֮£Ҳ˼ǡ 
ӣһȫطιءɨһȦѹ˽ۻվ𣬡ǰ· 
һɽ޲Ӻһε̣¶԰мӣƸӣҲ˸ҲӣиȴУȥ 

£˲Үڴս򱱾һ֮´´࣬ʱж 
нӹ磬˱ǰ㣬ʾĩӰɣ 
۵ͷﲻ˯ĵһܵܣηĽˡ 
ҡҡͷԼžͺá 
ۼʿһﵱǰ濪·ǧιسУÿƥ϶һˣ֮ʱķ۵糸ࡣ 
˽һʱż⣬ǿıʿȡů𣬼ٸѪ۵ʿƣ־壬忿ľǼۣ֮ͬྐྵвֹסʹ顣 
еǰסָǰЩҰҧǵ 
ʱîĩЩ΢ףĿһһɱ棬һ˵˳ָȥֻǧƥսԵϣŴѪĳƢθӸʳأмʿʬ壬ֽţ˺ѪģһţȻȴʬСֵݵģִһǧֱ֮ʬɭɭɲԲĲݳϣʬʬʬӶѵһڽپɱ¾಻ȻɫŨصѪ˱Ƕ룬Ǹɫ࣬Ż 
ӳôûôǣȫǶ۵򱱾磬аԡ 
һĳУ֪˭ôһ䣬޲ݣʱ۷׷ףȻܣʱҲˣֻզͷ 
ѹظ䷭һģüһ̱Ųߣԭôʤ飬ȴȺ;Ұ˺£ǲԥȳ棬Ҳ֪أܴһǧ˱סʵңͽ̾һ㲻㣬ǲп 
ðôһȺֵҮࡣ 
Ҫô˵Ү˺ЩֶȺϡ 
ֱԭȺΪ 
 
˽ԽԽ󣬽һƬеĻ类ѣһۼ䣬Ѫȳ洳СȾ󣬵ʱһѪɫ˵һɶ 
۲ʱֻ΢΢ͷһһ˫۾ôסƬʬȺһ֡ 
𿴡 
ͺһסܵ˫ۣ˳ŤԼǰµ۾գ˼գëˢģһʪ⣬֪¶δɵˮļ¡ 

˱Ķнӻٺͬ۽Ⱥಫľ־ҲΪǿڵļֵģ໹İҡ 
ɫؾվڰιظʵĳǽϣԶԶԼһ֧˺۵Ķ飬ش򿪴ӭء 
Ӣھҹɱȫ߲Ү࣬ѻطòۻĽʱһһǲ˷ɱȥ˧ţһĽһѯΡ 
һ̴üѻ𣬲ԸᣬֻԸӢƺ󣬴ױл˸ 

˿ʹ˯ȥҧڻǰһԣżͲסҲֻƺһǣ۵ҹֱۣظ·ֻһСܣ˸ű㽫 
ܹܼһŶſںţŻһѪ۰ôӱȾͰһƤһŻԺԷߣһ氧Уҵү˴ˣү 
˵˵źȦ˵Լӡ 
ֲʲôˣܾͰС֡ 
˼ңͷһɣܣ񵹱ȷźЩǿЦŰοϹܼңҲ˵ѪãͰ㻣 
ֻ˵СˣĪġ 
˵˵һֵĸţԽǵϹֱܼӡ


 

˧ƣǰԺ䣬۸ܹܼһ߹հƽ˺ߵĶԺ 
ԺСֻһǻӴ 
һݣˮײҩ֮Ѱڵһ׺ʮİͷţ˽վʩһָݵͼݴӽӷŵϡ 
۽ºһȦһѾͷС̺򣬻벻ѰźӵģüҪʣȴͷֵүǣλӣ鷿еһҹӲȥʰͷտ 
۲֪ͷʲô·ֹǵΪðͷȥŭо𣬲㷢ȴֹס 
磬λǵרΪҿĺ̫ҽڱãȥɣһû˯ǣв롣ûҪĪġ 
ڴϣ粻˵ΪԼƲԸ㼴뿪ǳ˳ӣο 
۴̧ʱƽ޲廳ͷš 
ǰߣܹܼҺŸţ˶Ժ㽫ԺϣСվſںšۿһݣʵƽﶼ˭ź򻳷磬ĲֻһͷտǺã 
ܹܼҹЦӲ֪Ҫ˽źģһѾͷСֻԺͷʱˣ˺̫ҽĪ˵ݣ˵ȱԺҲõġ 
һ˵һŻɫӷģ̫ҽԭ̫ҽԺԺҽǸΣûģĪͱһϣֽȴ䣬һ˾ԸˡһæֻһбǣСıͷţʱǲ˽ȥҲüġ 
꣬ĬȻΣ˼תȥˡ 

Ӻ˿ĿͷνһͬǲȥɱУһҹĵܳߣҲԷ鷿еȺϢֱӵʾطһԺ֪ˣһϰգҪǰȥ̽ӣһҹʱ񲻼ãһվ㼴ͷĿѣҵñͷסδ£һֻÿ޺齵ĴӭϢ۽ʱ׶ҩ֭ɫҰף̬֮ոԵò˼֡ 
ʱʧ븸𷣡 
վǰϥµͷ 
Ӻ¿ҩ֭ȰοҲʧϾʤˣֽ֮أ˭ҲûϵԭĴҴҲ㡣ɡ 
ۻطвʱǳŰûĹ򣬳Ӣѽһսα밲֪ 
ڳͳ֮ɱ֮ϣӺͷβϸ˵ƲأȻʩƣοΪ 
ʱ۶Žϸ࣬ʽ˰һӺò֮ûθڣԲû֮ʳϾЩ嵭ζʱȴֱҡͷá 
ôЩصģսһޣЩñӡҽûʼ񣬵±㲻ˡ 
ҲǸģæЦǸүԤģĶ֮λӵķȴǳģĴӣųζѬûˣҪүʾĶء 
˶æ䣬Ƕ˺̫ҽԸһζ˲μ࣬Ѿ͹ȥˡ 
ӺŵͷɣЩ 
£ȳЩůůθ 
۴˿̷֪׾ҲˣһȻ 
Ųûӻȥ÷ա 
ӺһЦϹ˵Ķôаֻܳġ 
һ̾ǸӶûһԶٷˡ 
˱㲻ǰΪʢ಼ˡ 
æµһޣͷһ¶ǲžգһʱӶ˽һ߰˷ֱֳ˼࣬˿Ӷ˲ڡ 

ү̫ҽ 
һٷ꣬Ӻæ²յн 
һʱ̫ҽһʩýүģ˵òأЩҲˣֻ˵òǵطжв㣬Сź򡣡 
˵һۻۣӵ֮ͨģ˿ڰüáͷʹˣһտв۸ֱţûµģ˵ҪͶӰտա 
Ӻްȷһ룬ҪǰȥӦֻ۲ãԳ۵ˣټŴ˯㿴ˡ 
Ӻ϶˵һ֮漴΢ЦƵƵףҶТһĵ 
̫ҽϵĳ˾ģۼһТ㲻ɫĸͳ䣬ӺԽϲɫžҲ֣ۿֻһ˳̬֮ 

ðշӺ˲ŻطЪ˱ˮһѪϴˢɾԺ 
羭̫ҽ°һ˿̸˴񱻣С˷źҩһ۽ʱһ硣 
Էǿ˯һŵ񻨼Ӵַ޺齣ǲŴӱݰģŴ½ 
ۼŵһʣ˿ڿɻ𣿡 
һָǰҩ֭ӣЦ̫ҽ˵ҩסۣҽĺܣ˵Ȼ飬ֻҩ߯ѺЩҲ֪ʲôģֿ飬ʲȥ 
ҩŰڵģɢһҩζ۹ζѾģĵȽﲻʲôζҪ˵䡸ҩڡ֮İο֮ʣһڽҩӹȥ 
ԹҩС˶뻳ڣֳһ۽żӸˣִС˳ȥ 
ԺſںžǣҲбǵӷŸֱߡ 
˿ɫһǿö࣬ۿУЩǺ̫ҽֶΣòź򣬼ܼܵŽ֧ȥҲû 
һʱС˳ȥǰӶ˵ǰһŷϣ۽һ˵ǰ۱ŵһ㣬ּƳĸɫɫͷĿ䲻ϲʳʱҲ̲סһɫӸָƬ̣ʵƽﲻ˽ҲͰˣ£ѵûһŵù˽ź򣿡 
Թֳһҩʳұ˯ڿƵûţͲûʵ˽֮£Ҳܻ䣬һһʮ渵 
Сʱڣҽ̫ҽЩƽҲãҲգչǾģûٰ̡һҲڣҲǹ˼ɵ棬ӣһȥڵϲ 
ףһۿ΢΢ 
ʮͷˣҪָɼԾСңʱҲˣԼͬ˲һŤҪ޷ȥͬ˵Ҫ̫ҽֻźһˡǰרΪģڷһɼҾֶھ˵ЩʲôճӶԼԭ˷ֻ̣ŲʱҪźգк̫ҽһҲˣ⼸궼ƽƽ뵽˵òɣǱ 
˵赭дȴһʱ֪ΰο䣬һӸſſóһš 
粻ϲ۽ζ𣿡 
Ŷǡ 
۲⾹Ϊܷܵ㶣ع۾Լ΢΢нָһӽСһڣֻζݼ䣬һ˿˿𣬲ͬһ۽ǺˣǼˬڻζѿڶޣóԵĺܡ 
Դ֣۽ķģɰ˳Ĺӣò˸ʲݡ𻨡Ƥĵ磬ζͬͷĿɲһҲǼԵġ 
һ˵һ߳廳ЦԭϲЩģҸ߳ٶ 
ȥÿ測⻰ӦҲǣӦҲǣֻúһ測ϣôҲþͣˣ¶ǡ 

һ۽ǿθ۳Ե񫣬֪һɨգٿ磬Ƥˡ 
ҩԭʹ֮ﰾģʱҩЧʱ˯ȥԴ˳ſȥɡ 
֭۹ȥͷƽŷ¡ԭǹź˵ģӦȫһӲһ飬¶¡壬ΪŻҩ㣬ʲôҲû 
ǴƬ弡ҫۻܵʵĹ£ֲ÷żǲС˳ȥӣȷǲ˿ҲֻԼֳӦ 
һ뵽պսɳٲ飬֮࣬۲һͷۡ 


 

벳Үһ̴꣬߹ʵͣ࿿ιصӻе˺ôؾã˭޹ƣ೯͢ԶϾݴҮʣձϷָɾһ˽֮ϱһս±ûĻ 
ǻۣһս磬߹ؽʿ޲ð⻢˸ӣ˽˧ֽ򱱾˳£°ֻδð£ȻʥּŰ龩գʺֵֻּܲ˵̫˻ۻһؾ 
ܣһǰһּ⿴ƽȴ͸Źɹ죬Ӻϱ£ղɫּձ̹龩 

һ£һһգͨƽĹٵãּС·ŰݶԳ֡ 
ʮź绤ǰУ۲ڳԣ಻˿ɪͦΣ˵Ӣ쪣һ䱻紵һգ˳Եÿ࣬͵иֱͦ· 

ۼϴ·ƿ̽ͷ 
СģеˣмҪĸҽ򱱾ĳݣԻ¿ϹٵаʱվǶЩҲˣϳɣһգҲˡ 
δһ·ȦڳеķţʱװͰ͵һ󣬼硹ֻ۽еһţ˳ͬ顣 
źһƤ紩ϮƤӣ棬һӭһֻͭ¯˻ܣ˻۽æøֽ¯ݹȥ 
ůů֡ 
һ·۲ͣתϢ䣬ֻܵģһ⣬ǽӹ¯棬һػ 
ת۵Ĺ򣬻˫ǱһƬ۴һѺ߰˳ɣټÿ˲߲֪˶ȥλ飬һ죬һ߿˻߹شϸ̽ 
һ֮̽£ƽȣδ֮ʵ볣죬Ψˣ۲ž졣븸׳ȣڹķ洫ôóȴδѧһǰ㣬ƸѰ˰㡣 
̫ҽϲŸ˵мձˡ 
ֳһأЦſο۵һƳ 
ûڹķ𣿡 
һ㶺󷽲ԵʣЦ̽ϣʧͷȥһϸŵ˵вм治ס ϰڹķߵ·ӣǿˣа 
ԭΪѧϴɣѻȻȴ˿һ֮»Ȼʧԣһ˫ֽճȭֹס΢΢پۡӸӲ˵ôԣһʱ֪οֻýһְֻнס 
һԣȴƽɿȭͷס۴ƣûµģֲȥϸ˱䶷ݣ᲻ڹʲôս϶Եɱҹ㹻ˡ 
һ˫ֿư𪣬ʵ鲼ָƣһ֪֮ܵڵ¹๦ģʽֲ֮ھ㣬ֲ֪и׼ࡣ 
ֵܶ粢ţ˼һԲ಻ơֻƻ¯ů֪ϣȡůۿ쵽վʱ˯ŹȥԴӻۼϻ仳С 
ǰһ̻ѻתȴպȻΣ۲ϵܵ˲ʶһζסǰ˯õԴȻʧЦ 

˼ɰ壬еۿ¶ʮһŽƽܹܼҵʹӶмջţһ罫γӭס 
Ӻһ·к̫ҽк³ʱԲ֧һӵϴ齺ֻŻۻǰ 
ʱѾãͬһúøףӷɫһ˳жȥ 

ǵϢɾųѲ˾빬֪ۻڹǰ³Ѽܹ̫վſӭߵߵع밲 
ûλүˣϻʺýһүݻؾ̴ūӭλүһ·Ͽߵ˳үӰã 
̵ʥʮ˶óţл׳ŲУΨͬʴ˶Իۻ࿴ 
пɣ͹ 
߹Զʧֲϲԣعһȴʱ빬ͬ˵ģ̫ϳ谮Ц޼ɣߵһ·ϳסзЦ֣ҲӬӣʲô绻ֻ¯ţҲš 
һԲЦüֺۣǺǵҲСͬūЦϸ̫ӵƼҪѵء 
һ㵣̫ӸҲڣ 
ɲǣһͽ鷿ͬҪˣ˵ү£˵ǵȰʱ밲ŻʺҲˣ¶͵ء 
һɫʱһ壬ſüϢţؾصĹ̬֮ 
Դֻܵһɾ棬էȻװϳӣɷǲߣɺ̫ӻǬԼһ꣬Կ񣬴һڵܵʮִֺһճӷ緶ľû³ȶԼ׵ɵ֡ 

¡֮ʣɱֲȸŵһ·ϣɫǵֻһɫĽůҫ»εۻֱٽ͵ż겡÷Ƴɵ辰׺ԣԴ֮Գ˿֡ 
ۻ쵽͵⣬нȥ̴ͨ˽ȥ 
ۻ칬ǣһ¹ڣ߽ڣʰ 
͵ʵ֮¡ȼ̼¯ٲȻһů󣬽ϾӺͬϻʺһһţлҳ̫ӻǬ㣬ǽЦ 
߶ŰĻδѲ˾㱨˵ˡ 
ǻֶǻʺĵ̫ͬһ𳤴ĵֵܣݱĻӻҪЩʺȻϲ˵͸졣 
òֶӣһӢ䣬һֶ֥˫ȫʵһӵе̳ܸܵˣͬһģһ¶ͰЦݣֵվЩơ 
վǰϸһЦŨͷ̾ܺøöӡ 
ʣǸأû𣿡 
;Ͷ٣֧лظϣҶ빬 
꣬ɫ㣬ǱѰǵ֮һ֮ۼ⣬ڹ˽Ǿдʹ 
ģɫʵг̷ƣۣյ޴󰭡 
ϧԼĻʲһ򾴰мӣ׽Ľ֮ȴЩڸǰľнѹο 
Щʱɫõö࣬ҲˣʱܳԵ»ʳأһ˵ˡ 
һһͣ˵ľɫͻ 
̫һֱվһĬʱ廰ҹ½ļֻϲΣȥҩʲôõҩģֻܸ̫ҽԺ˵ǡ 
л֡ 
л̫Ӹ硣 
Ǭ׶Ц۵Ҳˣ㶮񣬻õлɼгˡ 
֮ʣϰ̫޲Ի裬ʺΪǸΣ˽罿ݵԳȦټУֻûǬ̫ݣǳ֣ϼӹ̣ܽŲ޷졣϶̫Ӹ磬ίʵ־ηԴ޲أֱѵһֻɢˣǬ˺ɫʱܵĽѵԺڵȥһѱסǬ̫ӸЦҡ 
Ǭͬ£ģͬƣȴֵʮǧһûƵĹϣס˼㵹ҵö϶˽棬β͹ǲδֻۣǬŪֺֺЦšüëǰ׿ˡ 
ٻۣϰ 
ۼʱ̫ΣЦȥס 
Ц֣ȫϹйأˣٲҪǰʧ֮ƫһǵ̫ӣǻϳֶۿУֻǻʼѵõ֣֮Ϊ裬ϲͬʺʧЦһʱ䣬͵ǻЦ



û:    zylil
:    
ȼ:    JתΪTĹ    
 

ʱѽ磬ʺҪּţ̫˾̫ǰֻ̫ۻٹš 
ǬЦˣҲһ̫ȥԺˡ 
ּ̫⣬ʺҲ˳ 
ű伸䣬һ·ಽ粻Σһٹ̱ԸȣҲͨŻıĽȥۻǬδţ桸ĸζ⣬ͣȥһ̫§Żţ˵ͣ 
Ҫ˵簮̫ʵ⹬еһˣĻ鿡̫ļϵĹ˿̵˿ɽﻹ̫ӣָŻǬ̫߿̫࣬Ӹ緽Żѵûأ˵Ҫҳ顣 
̫һۣʲôأǻõعء 
绹ǰ˵ͷ㵽һ룬̫ԣһ֮ٿ磬̲סЦ˸ڨڨҪ̫̫һס 
̫Ӹһڵܵܣֻƫ㣬ﵹҲĵطҲ˵ֻٹԸôֱô֣ܾ㡣 
һϯֱĻŭţǬȴֻÿЦ̫ⷬݣپסħϼѡ 

ЩھʱʱţΨ㳣⣬ڲŵüһΣɷҡ 
ǰ밲̫קס߶ò㵱ɺӿڵʮ֣ۼ̫̾̾Ҫ̾Ǿȣ̫ʹɫŻǬһȣȴ֪̫ʲôûǻۼ⣬»⣬§ס̫һҡΡ 
ѧɳʦԺ󶼲ˣǼ밲µʱǣӳûš 
£С˰˱Ѽûֻ࣬ɶúˡ 
̫һͨﻹа̾ϢˣһᣬʳѼӶǰҲһв߶ҲͰˣƫԵȥ 
ѻ𴩣ΣȻЦЦĿݣɲһ㲻òζżʲô֣˵ˣĸĪҪԩҡ 
Цͷǣ֪ģǼ볢Ѽӡ 
ֵ̫ʱһѵܹ޼̬֮Ǿȥϲ֮࣬һطԸš 
ٹܹ̫ЦǰȤСϲѼӣóӱˣҲţūͶȥ 
ʱ˱Ѽ¹⡢˿ȸǬ鼦֭Ƭʱʡʱߡ𶬹СݥĿһ 
̫ˣȼһѼ뻳ۣ˿˿ѼʵȤȴڷΪԲѣֻӲͷƤ£һ飬˵ʲôҲˣֻС 
ȴרѼӲһԣֻѼûǬȥһѼ⾹ӡ 
̫ͣ淢ʳϧһС뾬ױס˿ֻ꣬Ц俴š 

һʱ˳꣬Ǭź̫ȥһһ۵ݸɫȥ 
ѵܻܵĸˣöҳκ·ӣҪ񵢸鲻ãȥ˲Уб߹رû۰ãĸˡһ 
Ҫ̫ɫһ࣬ͷۻһǶ̲ˣҳеǣҲһʱֻæȥ 
ۣЦܵܲŻЪϢЩĪץ˲ţæ˱ܻܵȥЪŰɡ 
ʡá 

ۻǬ˺õ͵⣬ת䣬Ƴܵ۰ͰͳԼһ֮ɫٹƵûţȥˣֻ̫֮²ֹ߹ر򵥣ԼЯͬȥٲú̫ӹоǳܲþȥ˷ڣţĸ˵ƣұ㡣 
һǣԹԵ˵ͷϲ̻˵ 
ǬһԿţЦ 

̫份λȴڻʳƫһ磬۹ģȻʵ֮СһȦƾȫ佫޲뱸Գһء 
׳ڶԼ죬̫һ·鷿Ůϲһ̣˵ 

ľƳɵ϶СɽһۣǬ󣬳һӹ 
ȿ 
ǬΪһһ޲ĿͶ䶼üŷСģոһùйѹôҲֵֻǰ̫ܶݷЩ¶һݲ 
һ죬ȽסչϸԽԽɻ 
ʷ̨ƷԹٳǰģԵأѲر߹֮ΣӺٳľΨ֮ʶȨܷڣվÿв֮ݣʥ죬ίơ 
ʷ֮ھٹ٣֮飬첻һССԹ٣θȨһ£ 
ǬЦĪС죬ְСɽȴ֪ҷ˵ı˭ 
ãȻһָ 
һ֮µͽг 
ɲǱеλ 
ʱԵɣŭӿĿ¶һ˿֮ɫ 
۹ʮʮһŮʮֻ˰˸䣬곤ЩĻгȴ̫ӣǶӡĻӡӼ˻ӡĻĸ΢Ҳó裬廳ǻʺǬһĸͬ׵ܵܣ϶ͬϰ˻ȴͬǬһźȴŴ֮λĻϲ⡣ʺһ빬òʱʥ컹ڻʺ֮ϣȴȻʺ˰ӣδйлŻ˾֪ƫǬʴӱССʱԳ֮ʣʥ¡Ϊ̫ӣ϶˼죬ȴǾз֣ĸ̣ۿʥ꽥ߣձǻǬǻΪۣȻļֻǬȡ֮һȻȴ̫бȨ֡򱱾ǻʵϽأȻΪ˧ʮ򾫱̫֮һб䣬ʮﲻձݣֻλ̾ 
۳Ƭ̣ЦλǻͷˣΪȨģҲ϶ǵУƯһ㣬ϵһ˵󹬲øָʹӣĿŵ㲻ǻ𡣡 
˵꣬òӦһ̫ӵ͵͵ʻңȴܲҡ 
һ쵱ͷһͰˮûۻһ飬ŵ̫ 
ʲôҡ 
ǬҡͷЦЦȴ˼ŵһ˿ơ 
Ͽѣ׼ӵȴǸʣԹһж½ߣӿ˵ǴﶦʢΪۼҳƴȨ֮ܲ»㾪ʲô 
ǵңȻ֪һУĿ֮֮ţ޲ģֻһơ 
϶㡭 
Īţǰδ㵣ĵ 
׻ֹصĵǣǬЦο˵ɻЩˣϾʶ̫ӻ⡣ҿұȨҲδȫΪ˷ƴΪסһҲδ֪ȻĲƽΪ˧óӢƾȨ 
һ˿֮󣬴нд֮ˣӵƽΪ˸ͳзƷڰʮ꣬˽򱱾ȷǵ֮ѡ 
ƽڵҲˣ֪ӢҰ򱱾ġ 
߹ţԲȥ߹תһ˲֪ӢͬϵŮ׼¬еȴɲЩ 
Ǭ΢ЦһӢ 
̫Ϊ˳Ƚ˵Ǳ㣬ҲͲن¡


ڰ 

򱱾Ԫ˧ˣһ£ٶ²٣֪벻 
Ǭ裬һøȥҶһʵ 
۶両һĨЦ֪λֲʲô⣬ƫøԼӣǴСĲ˵Ƣԣ˴˼װģüͷأֲңٲҪϣʵǷ֡飬жĸϳЩɡ 
˵꣬ͷȲ衣 
ǬգգۣЦҪģ¶ЩĹ٣ĸá 
أԲҲˣֱᶽİǰˣӼˣѹֻλӡ治Ը 
ᶽ⼸֣۾ʱһ㣬Ǭļ˵á 
ƣ̫Ʒ¾ٶһɾڶᶽͳųѲ˾ĹͷƷСȴƽŵŲǷ񣬹ٶȨȴСֵһӪ˵ˣʤӽ£ǣƾЩ˰ƽ⿴סˣ˭СƤӵ£浽˷ӿ֮ʣᶽһ³żأƾʮٳҲһʱñϸһʱ̣һӦͣˡ 
ûͬЦǬ۰Ͱ͵سԼصƲƲ죬ҲգôǸĲ£ҽЩҲˡ 
Ǭӵһɣ޺޵԰ŵĲҲҲ 
бǱЩΨΨŵŵ㣬ˣ 
հգĪĺá 
ǬЦĪڵҸ˵֪Ļ˶ûУεһֻ̫ӣû˸ңģ׵ܵܣҶаԽû˼͸ˣһΨͻûҵ̫ӣֳֻЦЦ֣ˣҿ˹¼ҹˡ 
һ˵꣬һ³˾һʱĬȻ 
ʵҪѪ֮ףۻȻȲͳӣһ㡣˼ǻԹ׽һ֧ȴֲλǬȻĲԼһɶŴ֮λֵܻҪ񰮼֣֮ͷҲе֮ʹǬҲԲͬ־̫ӣ߷ֵֵܡ 
ҵģô꣬ͷʱձڹﻹҰˣҹزᣬ˵󲻾Ļ̫ҲãպǻΪҲգȵֳȻ 
һϯģֿǬȴһֱæڲ棬סʪ˵ۿƬ̧̲ͷɤӣת˻ͷ 
Ҽͬ紦ͦã⺢ûᷳɣ 
ûС 
𻳷磬¶һĨ΢Цܺá 
ǰ㲻Ҷˡ 
Ǭȷ˵ĻҲЦ⺢էһԣʵº񣬼ѵõġֻӣֵܺϻοúܡ 
Цһ룬οּ֮Σø̫ͷ޼ɣʵͷۣպ󴳻ٲˣϾܽˣЩİɡ 
һü壬˵ҵż֣ȴδأ⺢ӹɶµúܡ 
Ǭһ֮¹Ц㲻ãʵǸ飬ͬ׽ȻԾ֣׼ƢҪѳžڣֱĥ÷ʤ㵽ʱҲ᲻ãҲ᲻ãװ 
ԲţδԹʵ 
Ǭ͵һߣȻţ˵Ҳǰ״ȹЩȻס 
ͣһͣ⺢èģͨģ֪ĸģĸǼ⣬˭ãֵ׽㣬Ļлϲĺܡ 
۾ţǬ˵꣬㵣ʲôģȦ˵Ǿȡǿ˻磬һעֻ֣֮ǸϧȻӱϲֵǽġ 
˱ã˱á 
Ǭֵ֪һŵǧ𣬼˵ˣǱ޿ǣʱѹһʯϲЦտ 

ֵһҳл˵ֱиʱ 
̣ʱ룬鷿Ѱ𡣴ŮһС๭̫ūŹλ¿ɻæţûҪˣȥٹСӻظ 
ͬǬ˵ˣҪ˴ϣ΢΢üͷٵȵȡ 
Ǭۼ⣬һΪ֮ɫסʵ̫òἱŽλӻظǻִ 
˲ã̫ʣæ»ػҲڳȴɫ̫ӻСӱٹ̫壬˼ƣ̫˽һֺֻ¹İøСȡ֡С¸ߣѧ̫࣬󺰡¡̫˵úܡСëɫ̫ؾ˵ϲ죬õϸɫͿ˸ƶ̳ɫɶӽ̫밲ʣǰŪ˭ɫδ͸һ⣬˶һˮƵģĻֱͣ¡¡¡öӱӲǱ۲ۣûסСƨɣ̫ˣѵһ٣򷢶ˣ½дӽСأ˵˻λţʱһʲô¶ء 
ۻǬ꣬ʱЦá 
հգȥɣĪٳʲô۶һ 
ǬһЦһߴ٣ֻø˳һ·ϵٹһ׵϶Ūһֻĳë˹èϻվŻһֻɵ̫Цп֡ 
۲ҵ飬˻繧ˡ 
̫вᣬȴҲˣһض̣Ҫۿ˺õܵܣĪҪδȬĴôٸЩӲźóţֻ˵ûûۺݺݵһ۲û֨ΨΨŵŵӦˣһ˹ȥ 

һ죬ƣۣ̲ͣȡϵŵһݵ۸ǰ԰ڡ 
¹ĺ񣬻ϲ͵ġ 
ɰСɫף壬󣬵ֻڹУҲǵѵһľ 
ǻ͵ģǱúţĪŪˡ 
۲һ룬ܵܽԼңʲô 
̫ͣӣҲԲɣڸϺÿĶࡣ 
ǺǺЦʹ͵ĶҲ˵ģϸ˸֪˰㡣 
˸ңǱҵģԸ˭͸˭˸ҲܲţҸֲˣͬʲôһ 
һƲм˵漴Ц˵Ѵһ飬ٹһ׸ 
˵ţԽͳϹŵһ 
ɫ̣էһһˮСֻ״촦ſɫߺۣɵһöͭǮȡǡǰĲͷʼãҲϸֻ˼ֹ͢еش鶯Ʈ֮񽳸˵ֱʡ 
۵ϸһ棬ǹĶ 
գһգۣ޵۾߯Щ˵ҴıСҴŲ׼ġ 
۵ͷػ½ϵϽۣٿϹŵ壬뵽ܵһ⣬һ˿Ц̲ס۾


ھ 

ձأ״κϼԲӺ»ϲޣڲУԴŵƽʣһйܼҳﱸȫ 
ۻ˴λְÿȥѰǲһ鷿̫ۡӣһȴּ̫ܲҳţֻڸѰЩ 
£˽Թҹظַ̻貣ӳЦ 

˳Ϧûգּ˻Ϊᶽͳ쾩Ƿ 
ְ֪أڻδΣ˾ųѲ˾˾ȥ˴СԻʳȸֱѲǳʤţתһȦ԰緹ڳµıӪȥٱһ̲ͣ 
æϾȴеЩù̫ڸˣǳ˯˯˳ԣװʮ壬Żܣ˵飬ȥԣƫϲҽţӺʧԼûϽƣֻý˻۹ӷĹ̡ܽ 
Լҹ·æη񿴹ˣȴֲΥֻÿմ˻ȥѲ˾ŷƤӵ£ܸƽ£⻳ʵǸֵģͷյԹɸڻۺѲӾ˱ԭα¶ƽĲƫҲҳּһֻȳȵˣϼֻë׼ιѲ˾ɹ֮Ѳ˾ҲͷȮͽе֡ 
벻˾ûһȲݹʺĻδȼëҲ㣬̶࣬һڱʿͬûȣУξۣϲⰲСֱ޼ӣ޲ͬãϾʱöľҲܼɣ˻һֻ֣ͬŲû֪ 
ҲɣһջʱӪֵֻͬУξСȵúˣѼЦǼֺ˵Щ绰Ц 
СӲȫŮ  ϲףУξ˵𾢣Ҳýζֱѻ̣ǼУξʮѺŻ˸С 
һ磬̫ӣ깫º˵𻳷оͷ۲֪νѵֻ̫һЦ첻Ϸߣȥһƨ ɣܽͣ¡ 
һԥƬ̺ԶУظϷţϰ˿ӱȥѩƨ ɱ 
ʹﻹǵж᲻ᵯ仰ˢˢµһģҭҭø磬պԹԵģٲҺ֡ 
ģĶӲĳ̫ӵ˵һԼЩʱյĳ֮٣ʱڲѣɺݺݵ˻һۣ̾һ漸ȴٴȥ 
մ̫֪õܼʱһȡЦǹ̵ܽܵǹ˵ģԴͣѺŻͬλ׻һ飬ظǲѧʶƫֱָظ̫һֽߣָŻֻ֣ܴ򣬴ҸͿҩ 

˷ѩƮƮһת۱ǻ֦һƬ̣ɣ 
鷿ֻ࣬þͷҲˣԶŸ˪ƵġۼؼһɴⰻȻﻹסѧȥŻǬһʱȵĶżҲ˼֡ 
Ǭʱȴܲסˮĥ̫˵飬ܵҲǵ˽ѵǵͷӦʡ 
³ʮСֶ꣬ҺɩɩҪȥͻ۸ȥ̤ɡ 

˻ʼ£ʢټ󼸽Ժ㽨ƽʮɽϡ 
ʱֵĺ̤֮գɽĸߣ֮ڽ֮ɽ¾˰ࡣƽһһǷ׷Ӣˮ볾ɽȴزƻ𣬿ݱַǷʮֽɽͷװ欷ޡ 
ϵɽֻһʯСʯֱͨɽšеɽϲȥ軻βУιԼٳţۼ续ڽεü̫ɩɩ˵Ǭ飬̫Ӹ磬ȥ񲻹߯ҲԲסԼ۾ȥɣҲԵĳϡ 
ǬۿУһЦ 
˴²һҲá 
̫һ£һͣ˰ɽȺﲢŮ̫ӳӺٴ˼ӣһʮͽɽȥ 

ڹбãһβ޳Ȼɩڲ಻ҹַˣһϲ˷֮ȴҲڲסһۼ֧ɽιͷϣһѧ֦ͷжŪСֶƬ̲ͣһԽޣ£;һƷ 
㿴һ̫ʢէһƯɻȴСǵý֦˲С껨ɫ۰ףɽȴãһаأζҲãʱժԣģɿڣǵ͸˲ժ㲻ܿųԣֻƤϿһСڣһܣһ֭һֻ¶ǣҲóˡ 
˵˵ţԼ̲סզզ죬ֻĻ̿־棬㵹֪Ī⼸Ӷ 
ֹ⼸꣬ιһۻ磬Ц㲻֪ܵԵıӣƽ⣬ɽϽӶִֺ࣬ãеĵܵһձܣֱӵԣĳԵĩĪ˵⼸꣬ʮֶ˸飬һȽһϽһ۶֭ûл粻֪ģϷɶðȺãÿĩ˽ǺõӶժˣƳҸͽۼʱҲˣֻܽлŹڸ֮á 
ǬȤФʹȻƻһФ˵ñǰˡ 
۲뻹һȤ£ζȻǻ羭һȤɫ΢ڨڨסڲԣתȥŪСֶ 
һţǲԶǰ棬תһɽ䣬ٿؾ 
Ǿ̾˶ָԣ⻨ã 
˳ָȥֻһθߴ󣬵֦죬ڷï֦ͷشطɫ죬ŭţ˵Ʈʮ޶Ŀ 
ңĺãȴô 
Ǭһ˵һסιʯ׽ǰۿ 
껨ҲƯֻ࣬էһһ𡣡 
૵קסǰ߼Ҫȥ۶֦棬̾⻨õϸӣֻӣƮʱ׷ѩ㣬˲һһأһȴһ࣬ǵȾ󡣡 
ιأ˼ŨǬλӰмӣȴҲͷʡףֻס˹֣֮Ըο 
ɩɩ뿴ӣ仨⻹ס 
һתسӽۻֻһϮ±ϴܡ 
ֱֽԳ±ϣһᣬվ֧䣬ס֧ʹҡһһôһڣʱƮƮ˳ͷ׻꣬˶˽ȥɷǺÿ 
ι̧ͷճţһ˫ĿǾϲǻ 
Ǭȥ˼֮飬ĺ˼ͬ۲Ц龫ô⡣ 
Ƭ̼绹ֵĪҪˤǣҡҲˣлɡ 
ĿһתɣȴֲĴϲ֮顣 
ۿԥɩɩȻϲٿһɣҽء 
˵գ̧ͷȥꡣ 
ֻزЦ貣һ˫һʱһУ˾ٲ


ʮ 

ƽ̣ɽûգɴ˳ģһ価¿ȴǺƻ񻨣Сƣ֡ 
˼ãӺӵԺֻòӦǸڲ֮ʣ˼˲ϲ죬ƽһġ 
Ӻһ˲֥ۼɫĺһֽ˻ȥգۼԴ;ƿ֮ 
֮ϣӺ𲻵淢Ұܣӹͷ͸˿ףźҩжҩ 
һǰ밲źŸ׳ҩ㱻˵оĵģһǲ˳ȥ౻֧ߣֻʣ˸Ӷˡ 

пͷӺųӡ 
ܵܲڣү˵ʵڻ 
ǣףš 
֪ҪˣæϢȥ 
ӺϸһĨЦ̫ҽ˵ˣⲡϲȥ󲻹һµ¶һԤ׵ܺ˸ٰ죬Ǹģֻһ£ҲĲ£ȥѰ˼ЩʱգҲֻи㡣 
˵ţΡΡһֻ֣߬ס˻ 
΢΢һ㵣漴ڴǰ븸׷Ըӱض߾ܡ 
ӦΪһһչ˺û磬Īܵܰί 
ס˫ۣӺ˻͵Ͱ󣬡ĸ֮£һĶԹֵ޸ɣֻܳΪǧĪûܵⱲѾˣ㿴Ϊϣôȫ 
ӺǰӣǰⳤȴҲᣬĳӲҲ㣬ʱһֻǹŸײ壬÷ǿסŭ𣬳Ӧ׷ģ׵ܣӱضӦ 
ӺԵһʱģ³һڳ֪ʲôֽ촽ۣסˣԺ£綼ܵܡ 
ʡá 
Ӻ𣬻Ҫ˵ȴַֹðΣǸȴһﲻȻشϣ۽һᡣ 

Ӳǰ˳û˼ȥѲ˾תط 
ԻظסΪӦ׵ܣԺһＸֵռһڶӣ۲̤Լݣſϣһûһקգڵط 
磬˵Щʲô 
ΪƫİգƳһۣûʲôЩ¡ 
ͷϣԸ磬Աתߵȡ 
ǲģЩʱЩˣϺõƬڿȴζɫһԺ̵ʵ̺ˮ˵Ĳģнһ٣ͻʡԺӱźŮ˲˳Ժźţ˽Ϊ㣬зʱϲ¥Ͳס豭һգ̧űţתһƳ䣬ȴľţɫɷףɵ˰㣬ۻͷ̻̽е磬ĲĲô̫ҽûһεģ 
ף󱯴֮νס˵˵ 
ء 
ʡʱղãλܽƽϣǻԹֻʣһƬȻ 
⼸ղҪˣڼ㸸װɣֻǿһһˡ 
޻̲סֵ׻ûأ޳ü𡣡 
˵ͳӸ翫ÿճ趨ʡʱмĪҪڸǰ޳˼ʱ޶࣬Īοǣѹ 
ҭҭ˵ֻһζͷһޣһ汧סۣͷ绳С 

һʱգҽǲҩһһӺȴδ˿ɫʢǼݺȥ 
գʹʧ׵ܣּճΪٹ䣬ͣգڰһ޺õĹѨ 
ַѡƽɽˮƵһˮأһ˯˰ĽңӺ˽ȥĹʯһ⣬յԲ 

æµգ·׵ּŻ۳Ϯ° 
ʵƣϮȣֵ۰ΪֻӺֵͬܣ¶ּһϮ棬ϮλһŶ衣 

ͣæµɥ£ֽл׻÷˰һȴ磬ź򻳷ʳĴѾͷ̿ү⼸նүţҲȣһȦֱ˾ġǻүҲѹʲôƵģҲԲ£תͷһүҲûˣүﲻôܣôȥֻҪһүȥȰȰɣūһ㷨ûˡ 

ʱ֣ԺﲻһӰèڻź࣬ԷŰţ 
ſվһǿûиͣ˼ĵܵҲ߯ЩǸˮĳŮҲû޷ȻǺЦ 
ȥȥ 
ſڴϣ޵Щֹס˽էȻ˵һ֮»عͷ 
޵ʱĲֻ̣۾׵ƣһߣϸƣ׵Ƥֻͫɾŷġ 
֪ģֻǿ޳׾Ȫ֮ºðܹܼҲϱˣԺѾͷСҲӿ޳ûȰȰ 
粻ߣ缱⣬Ժģҽʱǳȥˡ 
޵úˣһ˵ûϢһ˵һߴ˸á 
ۺһۣߵſڻˣ˼żС˹˯˽ֻ¶һĴ 
˯ԼӶ˲ź˰ɡ 
һߣŵС˵ѹͨһڵϡ 
ȥˮ 
û˼ʰЩūţ۷ԸתֻصߣһСͭˮضӡ 
㵹 
ۼūŹԾһ룬˳ȥӽʪ˸ϡ 
ôҲǸӣ޿䣬ͲµЦ 
ɫһźѾͷ˵Ҳԣеģײ߱ӣȥ˼һ㡣 
һǣܣԲ¡ 
ۼһӣ̾һһԲ 
˳ӣ쵽۽ǵˮʹգ˻ȥ׹еңҲˣֻʣҹһ 
˵ʲôü߳ǻʣһˡ 
Ʋ쿴ТҪȢˣﻹҵĵض̫ӸǰҲ˵ҷ˺õȥŻѾѡַҽˣɲһ˶ôǹһˡ 
ӵƻȢӣƫϰȢףָϰأæչϸܣоΪָ飬˼磬ҲãէȻȢҲһƬ̺ŵҪȢҲТԺֲ£˵㽨ϵĹأǺүûԼĸۡʲôȴһǵȥסϲֻһס˭ָҺȥ 
ǿ˵ûУպȢɩɩȴδݵҡ 
ۼһζʹСԶ壬ӲǸЦ 
⸮ӣǺģֻݲݲ㡣˵ұȢޣҲŮӣֻ׵ܵģģȢǰĿһ飬ĸȢĸɣûкͶԵģұ㲻ҪֵһӾǡ 
һϯ˵ĻΪЦһͷۻ§ø磬ҵС¹һûû˰һȥŵúܣ㲻Ҫңߡ׸磬Ӷ»̫ϧңʲô˼ 
⻰ֱĿϣֻһһ˵ǸʲôζƬ̣ϸݵӽ§ˣҼӦ˸ףչ㲻ܰίһһʳԵġ 


ʮһ 

ʮĩƽ˶˪ήĲľȾϰװһ㣬ͷеջȥһſ¶飬÷һ̤ˮŲмɢɽʱһ̲ 
ʹϽǵ䳡ϣʮսϿݲݶ̤ûȥԱ۲Ϣٿսһľˣ׷ųϵһֻС֮£⼤ҡ 
˵Ѳ϶µΣʵۺ֮粻䣬ս仯Ҳͳ˻ʵϾ֮һȤϾ̺ô˵ÿ붬Ҫи齨һӮ߹ȻͣȻ⴦ڻϸǰ¶ʶȡ 
³һźڣһ糣ֲݡ 
źڵǻʵϽĹԷ糵ȴǾųѲ˾µĽǻֻӷŽԷһۣ󳼷׷ս澰֣ͬ˵¶ĺӣССûٳɷǺÿ 

Ѳ˾ͷ죬һϮ糺խֲϸһСοУ˫һֱԷţֻǲų嵽;нĺס鼱ֻ֮ǰӸ˻ǡǹĺҲᣬûţžһ˻˸顣 
ѷһбˤȥҲݣŲŻѽŵţʱ˰ˣ˫׽סһϡ 
һ±ֻڵʯ֮䣬˿ľĿѣۼ˫ֻ¸˳سϣŷ׷է̾ 
ֵԽý㲻ٵ̡ 
Ǭڶ࿴ִ̨עϽսҲţɱǰ˲٣׳Щ 
佥Ѳʱ۲ģЩ΢ǣԽ忡ü˿ӢͷǴ磬խΣ˿Ӹ˳۳ң˵Ӣݡ 
һ˲˲ŻһһӦɲǣǰֻ°ͣѿͬһ߰ˡ 
Ǭͷһ£ʣǺҲһˣûȥסĶ⣿ 
Ǹ̫̫ۡ壬һסƵûţֻ˯һޱٲȥˡ 
̫ӺͻȻջתͷһԣŵСһסҲģԭŵٷȥסôף 
ǬҡͷʧЦûףֻɵúܣҪҵطùĸһУլӼȻţȸ졣 
ĸĸ 
һʱû˵˭һͷˮǬĸĸȻǵ׹ùã󳤹³̫ʮٵĸͬԽף٣·ϣаҲ͵ˡ̫겻ĸ϶Ҫ˶סЩʱյģֻǳ²ء˵ĸ˼ͬסڹжв㣬ƫԯס⳯ʹΪ񵹺ãլʰʰٴӹﲦЩ̹ŮȥҲ͹ˡ 
󳤹ȻʳŮǽϾۺͰ׽㣬޸ϱߵԽԽԭλϷ߾ڵĽֺͿȹԽнһŭ֮ϱۣɴ׹ƳӴԽһʡϷأפһ˽Ͻ֮вŸɣϽ硢ʹϽ̫ƽ񣬹ʶĵóҰ³֮ͣмӣϵճӿɳϮϮ棬û볯Ϊ٣ν١ 
òλĸһʱ벻󳤹ʲôӣЩ磬Ǭȴû⣬һ˵һָָ硣 
Ҫ˵ĸҵԶͬɲһף˶Сһ𣬺õĸһ˶ƵģѶܻŴζԶҲף٣ȥͬ˵߲ˡ 
ੲ˵˰죬תͷȴüһݣʡ£ʱڡ 
ԭʮǰҲ빬ʡף̫֮ʣƫϻ֮ĸ·빬ʹ£ּ̫֮ʱһʺ̼⣬Ϊ֮ʣŭɶֳּ̫ܲ˸ȦΪܵķĽΪûλʹò͡ 
ǬֻüΪվһ氵ԼͿһ˼ΰռ䣬ѲԷţ̨ϵʱһƬŤȥ뵽̫һա 

֮ʣ۷ظڶù˷㾶ֱطȥߵԺţͬʮСѾͷվſڣѾͷŵѵ⣬ۼҪĿ˳СվһԣЦţһֻ 
ס˽ţˣôˣſʲô 
̼ӣæи򸣣үԭźүѵȥˣѾͷ´ԺȱģԭΪǸģûôŶүҪԡѾͷֻ˽ȥͿӾˣū澸æ͹ֻǶүϴˣС˲ýȥūＱ䡣 
Ѿͷ˲£ͺ£ʱ˻۸۵һ޳ 
ǱǱ򷢻ȥϸЩĹ 
Ըһ䣬ֽӹǵѣԺӣٹǰɨСһۣˣ÷Ը˭Ҳ׼ 

ߵǰﻩˮţŽˣȴû˨ϣһƱ㿪ų̺ӣ˽Ųȥ 
һϮ絲סԡͰƹȥ뽫ѷ±ߣȴǰɫסһʱá 
һֻԡͰðõһɢﱡһ 
ͰгӲͷƫϸȴͣѩظ죬ˮΡΡӣҲƣ̵ͦ˫Ρһ˫޳ʡֱɡǵضһ˿ëҲޣ⡡ƽ̹̹һ飬зŮƫƫйɶĴ 
磬Ҳ֨һ 
ؼ۽һͷҲ˲òˣ˦˽ȥϹŵ·ȴȥҲżѻع񣬽ѵ˹ 
ϴѾͷý 
ҴҽӹſȥҪٴȴû߽£ָһʵ˼ʱŪģк̫ҽû 
һ㶣Ųʹ˳򣬡ǽʱѵһ£ʱ۵úܣˣϴʱƤձˣ鷳̫ҽ 
һƴӳѩƤɷǰۣۿüָᴥһ۵õһĪĪãһƵġ 
˳Ҳδӡȥ 
һɽԴͷſȥ 
˵ȥҩ 

ֵϰ֮ˣҩﳣŵģϴſãҲƿҩ˴ߣɢŵһɺڷ¶˴ 
Լӣ㲻֪ϧ 
Щҩϣ۰˴ֻ۵죬һ磬 
СѪɢÿ 
˵۵ֻۣһһ˵Щ˻ȥ̫˵ĳףһ½ˣϲеԶҲüü⼸겻֪߻Ҹߣϸ»˵ҪԽزĹӾƣԭ 
۲֣ǹĸСӣԶԽ죿 
ԶСʱಡԽûʲôҽĸѣҽΣⲡ̥ģ̫ҽҲûκΣҽΣڸǼס꣬òߣԽҲʱŵģǰ껹һΣרΪ˳˲ٺö 
˵λֵܣ˫۷²磬öԶסǼҰɣһˣҲЩ 
ۼ㻶ϲЦǺã˽ͷʰǡ 
ãԶǼһͬһ˯ô鷳 
һ٣һĨɫ 
һ˯㲻֪ӡ 
ԶãŤתͷЦСʱСúܣһ˯ͬ飬һ֪ģԶͬǽãᵽ˵ 
˲Ƭ̺ŵ̫ѰԽһĸδؿסʱ˵ɡ 
ֻӦˣعͷ۲پҲֻһţѪɢˣʹൽֻůůã߳ 
ɤͱȳԽһߣ˷ֵͻؽģ䵽۶УǾΪ֮һһ˳ؿֱ¸ǻ弡ǲԸ֡ 

ˣ·ɡ 
ڵվۿҲܵһ̧ۣűߡ 
ֻ£ȴûֳȥʱĨ־塣


ʮ 

ƽŵԷóһƬɫϲȼһҴ⣬ƿɴʣŵ¶һѩױ˿ӡ 
ۿϤΣǿ־Իǿϲ鲻Խѹȥһݡͼ䣬ת˻ǣ§˽֮һйֻ֮Ȳ˼ԧ졣 
ӷתǣȴǰһƬƽ̹˿䣬¶쵰һ˫ſ硭 
 
͵Ʊ𣬻۾ĹˣһƬ谵ʲôϲϸǵ಻Ǵб죬ʡ򲻹ǳΡ 
Σ亹ˣȴԽֱżҲɼһʪ妣µþˣɱ䣬ֱѪȥһű˪ 
䣬ͬϧܵУּϲˣϧ֣ػ֮ʱ̫ӶЩۣ𱸼䡣 
֪ԼܵܺõЩ֣ȴͲסֻ绶ϲֵ֮ⷬ龿Ǻʱζ벻಻Ըֻվԡһǻ顡ڲסͷʱ׺䶥һʱǻ̻ǰգԼƣξԼֵа⼸նŻ粻ֻŽԶȥаܵˣֻ֮һԭԹŵؼƵһ˵նܶϵģȻǿѹסǻ˼ȴס¶Щ벻á˵׵ͷǻһչࡡ㡡̯ǰ޿ӣ޿ɱܡ 
ã͸ɫ΢΢۽ȴԽ䣬Ѱ˸ɾ·ϣǣţϹȥ 

һ£ľս֪Լүʲô£ͲЦһһɨƵ⽣Ӱŵһ˺޲ŵߣźԺһѾͷС˸ǴҲҴϸΣʱȴΨȻﻶϲصָͷŻʹһеӣЦģڶڲס 

ߵʮһУԽһе־һɳ⽼ӭ 
ƽ⣬Խ򸾲³żӰݼʵۣϣ۸æǰЦҲҲأС˼ңнݼСӵ 
һϯ强˵Цúϲ£죬ȴǹص˵ﻰӣһˣҲи֣֮ 
İСɫ΢ڣҲûһɣЦǺһòƵĴ̼֣һԵĳ󳤹Է飬ʮܿʱˣţӺݣͬɷվһⲻ䣬ֻǷȴãʮأӣ˿̻ңܵԼɷлϲЦС˼С˼ңһݲͬеһ˿ҲãϴѰǷ򸾲ǵ񡣡 
ǽֵܡ 
΢΢һЦļС 
⼸޵ɣô󣬾û 
˴ֻ˳ӼӼطĸӾǴ˽æйһһָۿֵĩһ˫۾꣬Ц˵ˣǼǵõģԶ겻ˣǵСʱƤĸƵģͬһ֣޵İ˱ӡ֬幬ŮͿ̫βͣǸɵĺ¡ 
ԶԵƽ±ĴѰ˰ղӰδʵһӭӣ΢΢ʧ䣬Բ֣£ʱƽϲ֪Щػضǻ⣬ų㡭 
˵ţͻؽ̺һŭϣϹ˵˵īûƿѵҲҵⲻɣ 
ӭԽݣųѲ˾һ㳹龩ǣҼɱפظﲢţЩ飬ҲͬԼգֻæµΨֻţӭص˴ڸæۼ°Ĳ˲ͬ۸ţվһȺͲһͨţҲ˲þǰʧǣʱͲס 
ܣǱᾰͬԽ򸾾ŲסʧЦڴʱ񲿹ԱǰǼʱѵһ˱㶼Ʋ˳ƺƵʻƽ 

ԽļӾ㶼泵ǰУԶȴĸԭûߵûˣԶվˣһǣӳ˲üĿ㣬ǻĸʱȥһѱסˣһʹһµһΪ㲻ˡ 
Ļ᲻ȥЩѡ 
Ц§һ𣬻ֻһԾţ΢Ц 
ԶҸ磬㻹δء 
ֹˣԼҸ绹һԣæס۸첲Զ԰ڣϿ˵˵ãʶʶҸı£֪ʲôɽɽ 
۲ϲЦƽذ˿̱ЦĲһȻ֮ԶΣȹ硹Ųм˭֪¸ͽȻǺõģҴϰǵϹѹһ·ȣҪȣֻ˵ԼĪҪϱ硣 
һƲҪ༥ѵ쵽ʱϯѱҽȥϯ̫߶ҿɲڡ 
ֳ˻Ķҵ󣬸Ż۷ʹȥ 

˵ִ﹬֮ʱϯѿ̫ӻǬһӦ£æķ֡ҲϾ۽һ̣תȥ̫ӰԽһӦͬԶ˾ôڵۺͬԽ򸾸ǰӦӦﵽԹԳԾ˵ٻ޸ɡ 

䣬̫˳ڹޣԽЯȥﰲãԶԸ游ͬУֻ˵Ҫȥͬס 
ŵܵܵþʣֶСʱΪʵչܣڶԶƤ߶˻ۣϴӦ̫ＱֱţȾͲ̣ŮС겻ģ׾һһסʲô£ķĲ£ۺտǡǲ֪Щͷ˷ģ˻ǬۣڣСȥ 
ǡǬҲٹ̷ֱԼʹɫǻĸǣĸֻܷġ 
ŵùֶ̫ģ˵㲻ţֻԲģԶĸвǣ°統ңɱȲ˾˾ĸʱӺ֡ 
Զһɳȥﻹǵסĸ׶һӦˣͷŻߡ 
˲һţǬǲ۴˵Ҫסǻϸһ˲ȥ 

ⰲԶν·ȾһܼźλСӵģԸ˰˴ո±ŵϡ 
ֵò˵ĻϴɵһŴϣӱ߹ֱ˵Խ飬˵ս̲סֽҫһְֽʽһ˵θǿʱԶԼֳۣʱԼҲôбĸ磬Ͳס˵죬ֱۿеޣǵҪԶֱȥźãǵöԶһƣѹ£ݺݵƤǳƤиøҲűˣҴûƫȣҲɡ 
˵ڻһɦӡ 
Ҹ⣬Զһ֫ʱЦѣֵЩֻһЦһģ˵ˣ˵ˣүСٲˡ 
Զһ˫ַǵͣȥ⣬£Уҡ 
ת˲һӰϮǰһԷ 


ʮ 

æµһգʱŵûظǰ㾶ֱط̫˴ǷУǲģܵһ˭֪ŽұжԶѹ£˿ңض½ڴ󳨣¶ţԼȣһͬСɣʱŭֱܣһλӰ嵽ǰסԶԱˤǵԼܣûҹעˣŭҲʹЩֱԶһ߻صųı緢 

ΨֶԶųŽϣʲЦһǺ쳱۽ֹЦỨôô˾ţֻⶨԶ꣬һס§ڻҪתǰָŶԶЦиڣٸܽ߸˸ͷˤŽ 
Զع񣬼һŵ̬֮վڴض󣬡ֱѱ糶һбҲѹһӡ 
˵űһ֣Ҫקϴ 
ҪУƫһ첲ûסˣһ˲鲻鼱̧֮Զ·Ϯȥ̶һ 
÷һĻ֣Լ龪һЩˣŭֻöֱ޲ý˰˿Ӻһźá 

ͬԶ˻ûע⻳ѳһҧгݣźһɣϴȥУһ飬ʽʹһʹȥ涨ԶҲòĶȥһ˫лסһ飬ڴ 
ʲôʱ˻˯ȥһ͵ȥ 
ѹŻɵϣ۸ֶһ˫ۺݺݵˣš 
ƽޱǽ˷ʱףˡ翴綯ŭ֣ŶԶɺãֺõҺͶԶ˯£ٲֵģһ죬ҲЩطðɣһҸĸ㵽Ѳ˾ȥ 
Ǽװɣ˵ıϨˣȻǰţȴתΪֻͣǼͷͷһǲһ 
һ˾ãæˣԶѵһˣźˣһסĪǾͳɡ 
ᶣ꣬ȥһȡ˿ɾӹִ𻳷һ˫½ףųŵʱմȾϵĻҳֻŪøɾˣǸҴãŷᣳš 

һߣԶ󴭳һͱһͱ磬ƽҲɣ˵ģֱ˶Ҷһ㵹Ƶ治 
һЦ׸磬ȻҺãǼ粻Ҳһ 
ԶͷҼҲǺõġ˵һ룬𷽲Ż۲õܵܽʱǷϸ£죬ֻǱ磬ǱʮǧҸǿɲҪöࡣ 
ֻǰ䣬Ĳ֪źãٿ죬ȴǵöԶ䲻ȴҶǱֻʣһɵЦ 

Цһޣֱ˯ԲһȥѲ˾ 
˴Ҵϴ˽밲¼գֵҰƽľųǵ̶̰½깶ˣȥ档Ȼôմһ仹δسǣæǲѰڳǽһҼԭ滨״ɿڣ粢ԶԶ༸ʱ űҲãֻϺ˯ʵᣬһˮСŲӻ˸ȥ 
ͲϲͬλܹǣѰͷڶձ빬ȥ밲֮ʣƲһµЦ˵̫󲢳ĩ˵ǸѲŲٺþƣ֪ϲóˣҲ̰ҪǳӣֶԹĸ 
ձ̫ٵЩʱæںǣϾʶԶֳǰ裬˵ԽӻĽ˴ţһ뼰΢ҲҪǿǺãʱ˴Զͬɫһͨ˵ 
ҹѺ⻳һǳ⣬ѵ룬̫಻ϰǻ飬ЩģԴϴ 
꣬С츲صһǽ˲ðģǳӰȥͬ־סǶԶҲֻôͷɥԽѺ˻ȥʣ»ɵۡ 

ͬԶһôʵʵգű̫ٵһվٹͬ죬ƽһַǷ 
˴λʮʹأΪ⳯ʹ߽ϸ۶쾩⣬æͣ㣬ÿÿظҹʱ֣ӷ͸֮࣬Ъǰ̲￴һۣҴһҴǡ 
ֽ㣬˯֮в׾죬ֻÿ峿ŷͷһƷիӸ⣬ֻζ֣Լ֮ 
Ǹֵģ¾ᴲԵñȥû۷ţȴܼտգѳȥˣأⲻȥǰὫƿ 
𴲺󴩴׵Ҫţȴŷ̽ͷ̽ԣ죬һ۴⣬ɫǺһƬ֪Լǻĵһ⡣ 
лͽ˵ſʲô 
ЦŽⲻǵĸ绹˯ţ½ 
ЩӺйߡ 
Цîʱ˯ô 
粻˼ɦɦͷЩĹͷûȥ 
ͻСδڹ٣ֻ̫ӷھųѲ˾˸ְһΪҸ¶ɣҲǷڻƤӵ¾ţʡ£ǵҪְأʴЩʱ֣ȴδһ䣬ʱȡЦҵֻôһɢɣ𣬲ȻҲȥ 
Ǹ֪ˣڨڨǰ˲䣬ЦӽҸŸһֵȥٲġ 
ۼʡѾο΢΢һЦԴڣˣֻͬԶȥǡ 
²ߣеӣҲ⼸졣˵⳯ʹ⼸ҲôǱ뾩ˣҪʱȥҲ١ 
۱ԸͬܵһƽԼңֻԼֳٲȻȶԶ׽־ϲҲ㲻ֹ˵ͷ 

ǰԺǵȼǣţʱ۳󻹸Ŷղæ빪ʩ 
үү 
۽ӹԼ˽Ҳǣһж˸š 
˼ʲîʱ̣һ˿ҲޣĽֻõ֮ӳ£ռ类಺˫գ֮䣬ڱݳɢ 
۲Ҷ࿴ǿԼعͷӰ˦磬ǰȥ


ʮ 

ƽʮͤϸʹȥŻֵгʱУֻʣ˼񲿹ԱѲ˾һС 
ĿԶнԶֱٿǷԸְ֪˾ʹȫ뾩;֮еļӱǵĲˡ 
ǴӦһʵǱò֪һ£ 
̫Ƕһȥ˵ 
ۻͷɨһȦһɫʵ඼۵ú˰ɣ 
ۡ 
ү߯Сˣ;ˡ 
Ҳү 
⻰һʮ㣬ס 
磬ǳϦ²°꣬ɿɵЪЪ˰ɣ 
࣬æǰæа£îʱ飬δйֻ֣ǳòÿУδܣʱ°ףȻȻɿһۼ鲻ϸ׷ʡ 
Ѳ˾һڽʿæ಻ЪϢԹԣֻ۳Ź꣬Ъ˼ȴ֮飬˿̼˳۰Ͱ͵س˾ 
΢΢һЦ𣬸ָʹԼһӪֵǣ˾Ͷɢ˰ɣؼҹڣеî 
һ䣬뻶 

æµãߵһ̣Ѳ˾ڼֵˣ֮͵˸գ뻳ظһ±˯ 
Щʱδ˯һ˿Уеʱܹһ˯а˾Ÿʱʱűѣ 
Ű볨ţﴫŮ˵̴Ѿͷʰ޴ɨϷһ¯㣬ҡ 
Ѿͷ۽ʲ׸򸣻ү 
ۻܣûŻӰʵĶȥˣ 
үһԽȥˡ 
̽Ĳˮһ룬ϸϸǰԽҵСǲӹ˵ҪүƷ裬үʱͣȥˣܹܼҽСšүǰҪү˵ģֻѵü˯Ⱦûˣū澴һ 
ǰùûУ 
ùˣһӸ 
Ľϰźӵ˶ʳӼģڲ¼Ȱ쳤վҲ˼ͷǰ˵ϻūǰн껳ʻЦӯӯټү٣ųһֱţʱҲˣū澶гֳȲүðɣ 
۵ͷһ٣ʣ˵ʱûУ 
ү˵أϦ۸ʱſ磬үָһõģҲĶȥ 
һȥţȥ鷿м˱鿴 

ʱ׹һ鷭꣬ͷƫСҪƣлסϱҪţͲصˡ 
鱾۲鷿æµţŲ˻ܹܼʣɻˣ 
үүûء 
üһⶼʲôʱˣôҲȥߴߣµģҪڱ˼ҹڲɡ 
ӺֵֻܶˣͱȲñ˶ڸ壬мڴˣֵעÿ£ضҪڸһţ¹¼ֻ֣ˣȴҲڡ 
񣬻ϰΪʱֲ˼ֽԶʵ벻ͨľǺڲĺﾫͶԵµȥȵӲ裬ŭɵһֱߡ 
ܹܼźӶˣһ⸱ģǺӺʱŭδŭһ״֪λ²ʹˣԭߵȰο֮ʱ˻ȥĿڵСȥүҲǶү·ϣ˵㵽ء 
˵æиСȥ 

ֹʱɫȻֻ˼̣򻳷绹δȲ˱һҲûϡ 
һţͷԾĶӴʱû౥ɫɫһ㰵ܹܼҴ׺ţƤһԣавԹСĻɲǽд 
߶ţǰȥ˵СˣŹүԽСӺ˻ûѾأԽСĻү˵үסˣүصġ 
С˵꣬β۷ֲ͵ֻԼɫܽŵûδ£ۻȥ 

ڳϣͬ˰ȥ̨ͤ¥ռֻͬһ˾סȷЩֻ겻ͬգԽһݾڴˣ˲ĸ֣ϰŮʿ棬˵һƬٷ 
Ϧ֮ҹϸƻͨϯ֮ϣһҺڡ;ֻС˲һЦɷӶľܼͨǰݼæȤֶ꣬ļˡ 
˿΢Ũʱ֣ԽЦ䣬˵꣬ϯȰơ 
ִԽ밲ʺãŵСֶѱ¾磬ֻȻȥС˻˵ƣڹĸﺨ˯ѣʵʧСֶΨ߶˹ɹĸ 
СƷƽĶʲôʧ֮˵ 
ˬ޶ǰӣ̫ŸǺͰףֺǺǵ濴Ƶˬúܣһ̳ٹ¶ͬԶȥ٣𣬺ȴСߵ˵ߣֻҪŵѡ 
һ˵һһ뻳ۡ 
ԽزֶҲʹֻס¾ǡ 
һľǣڻϣƷζһɹĸ֪иƢθʧ͵ëԾƶ˱ҪкǵóҩסСֶһƣ˰ҩ¼ڴȥ£ɹĸһ⣬ֻ졣 
һеѽ⺢ʲôʱ֢Ҳ˵һ̰ڸ֪ŷŲɣСӼҼң㲻֪ϧԼӡ 
껳ɷ򣬽ߥޣ֪Ǿƺ󾢴󣬽ǳһҲˣƫӺȣɵġ 
ܹԹһ㲻ҷһЦϴֹûүӣѰɷҲ̫ųۻͷһμ๫ģǺЦǲ졣 
꣬йӶȥ￴ûУ㻳ͻȥ 
Ȼ곤꣬óФĸʱȴԽһͣ۸λһ·лЩҳԺᡣ 
᷿ŮǻǬ̵ģݵϸģλӽæýҡ 
һݣŵһɾ㣬ζŨһ̴ľ󴲣֮ϣͬԶͷԣͬһϮ˯ 
Զͷɫڣпʲôȴ˫źΣһúˣӲţͷѽԶͷʮǡ 
״ɫʱҡӳָŶЦСƷһƷزҲ裬ƷƷȥƷ˾ϣ 
Ů¹ûУ 
ľǸŮǰСû¹һֱ˯ðȣүʱŻ˼£ιڲҲѹˣ֮δѹ 
۲һԣǰƿŽҵһ룬һ͡ 





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֮£һϮȻûӰһī籼пδʣɺ캹ţϴŶԶһֱۣ§ 
Сôˣ˯ϲ§˵ëǲģлۼЦ 
۽ӲһЦһʣֻŲԶ첲ֽйŮʣүѵģ 
ǣүմ˾գūº뽬ϴʰȥˣһʱúɣĴ멵Ǹɾģ 
˵ţһԲŮϼصĴ 
ץ멣ڻϣᱧ 
˻ȥ 

ҹʱδҲ岻ӰĳֻһţǰյӻƵ 
ߵļδů¯Ƿʵʵ΢䡣Ϊ۽˽ǰһᶯҲδѣأԺȾ 
ǳϢŭһɹϴܡڱ𸮣֪Ҳ֪һʱҧгݣڻϵֱ۲ɵԽԽгʹػ־ֲɵһɣֻǽȴҲͲһ˫ͫԽİ 

ٹ¶Խ˵ʮ㣬һֱ˯ͷѣʱɣƬ̺徹ԼҴϣȴμǲ£Լģһֻּʣ㣬һͬСɣֱŵýоƻһ亹һ 
̼֮δˣƿ´żһԶȻƷ˭һĵʱһе硣 
Ȼ˰ղ裬һϾü糿ȵڣѵζҲû㣬һûпţһ𾭣һûһۿţ¶Ʒʵ˼ڻϡʱˣȴɮ붨Ƥ̧Ҳֻ̧žǷа˿ࣺ롢Թᡢ󲻵áֿ 
硣 
ֽһǲһսǰŲŲߵߣĥĥΣ߬סקקʣǸһģ 
飬ۿ˵Ȼתһ룬ʮůͣһʱҲţһ˺ۼǽл˳ȥ³Ͳֱգ˵ǣЦ²֪֪Ҵɻǵڹĸ˭ѵѣ 
һ׹ʲô˼ɫʱɷף·ǻѵ𣿡 
Щź£µıǽ˿ߣ˿Լһ̬֮Ȼδر¶μȥɵľȾ͵ 
ۼųּһ˿ʹ죬Լж˵ܵܵȥȴ˵ƣɻ˼룬ֻĨЦ 
Ҳ˭ĸϣô˻ҲˣɸС˻˵һҲȥ㣬ƫӾѶûУһ̲˷ϴҼʱϵ²ЩŮѹȥ 
Ҳٴδⷣÿһ۷ŭȾͺȦװҪ޲޵ĿĸҲ˽ȥβͬѰʵǸסˣֳ̧֮ͷһɵվѵϴĵĻҲ˵βŻ۰ͰͳŻۣڰĸͶԶҵģǺˣӦӦǡڵİɣ 
˵ãһԶ۲ЩĻڵشЦָԶӦСӺȵñ㻹ûѻδ֪ڹĸ֮æͬɷӹף͹˵ˡ 
ܵһһҹʱŵ÷Ǻ飬ѵõĿ̱˵һ䣬ɫһ֣꣬žܵ鲻ԣһ˿⣬Ҫʱȥ壬ȴ˵ʲôҲŲӵģֻðʢŭ״ 
ס֮½ס֣Ÿ绹˵ʱǱǡû˿ȥ 
һ˿ΣŶ˵ۡԭӲĳݺݽѵһܵܳԣɵ濴һ־µӣվݲģһǽû˿ȥû´Σǿ˵ 
һźôһ䣬ɲ⣬һżϴ 
磬֪ˣԺٲˡ 
ϴˣµĻ֪ȴûһƽʵ⣬Ҳŵúˣٿ𣬵һۣȥŪ˱÷ 
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ۼ봲ȥջߣּ𾭣ȴٿȥֻˣЦ 

紩аںţһҹδʳ˿̼ȣʱֻδø緢 
ۿĵƫֻʱװɡɺֺЦ 
³ԡ 
ŶգգۣȻûŭѹƣ֪һǹˣʱһķŻضϲϲ£ȼһͱ͵áȻżԼԵİ˱͡ 
ٷԭҹʱԣȴϵʱ֣δ¶ȴһţһЩȤŷֳˡ 
СʲôŶȥҲԶ˵ЩԽ£㽫Ͻ˵ơ 
㼣ڱ߾ûټϽ֪࣬жп֮ӣҲĸȤʱʱӦ䡣 
Խ޾ϸԽغһףͣ粻֪ԽҶаܵķףֵͬһġ 
һ¹⣬⻰Щҭסਿڲˮȥ򶨵˵ʲôֵֵܱܣľްˡ 
Խٺ˼ҶںҲãҲգǴǲ׼Ůӵģ´ŭЩӼ²ϰįͣԼͬ໥ֵܣǷ֮£һԾȢӸظңƽձѰֵܰ໥߶ҲЩģȢޣֵֻܴͬӡ 
޹ģǿЦ˵£ǶԶϹġ 
ţĪҪţȷµġԶͬ˵ֶиֵܣԭǺϺĵˣרŽ̴ֺΪƽ˶ȥа뱻ǺͷһУʲô±һආˣԽЧͳ촬ɲһһ֧Ǹˣɺ֪ǺͷڣȻˣͬ˽ֵܣֻû֪ǶŴξܻ飬ֻ¹ɹĸڻڹϾף٣ּͬȴǵָͬھ٣ٻԽȥͬ˾塣 
벻Ķȴоһʱó񣬺һ˼Ǳ 
Ůӵ˵ͬӿôޡ 
һݣͬθɣЩʲô 
һͷ˵ͷǷûԼڣ֪ʲô˳̧ͷ磬Խ鵱ͬزһýԶ˵ô࣬ȥһͷһ˵Զ˵úܣҪͬһȥסЩӣӦˣȥͬĸ˵ȥʱǧҡ 


ķָߡ 

ǳǸĸߴңƪĵѳԤڣдµ٣Ŀǰдʮˣݷչŵٵĵ£˱ңԽңңڣδ֮·ȻӵͯѥǣʵбǸżŬӣ޷ᣬһὫʹ׹ 
ӷ𣬱ҽڷܣ


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Ǳ˵üɫ裬ȴֳɫ䣬ٲȻǸɽ¥ͷ 
žһ۽Ӻݺݿϣûס죬ؿ 
סֻʵڽõܵòҹʱƲҲˣ񾹸ԶΣʱλӿ 
ֵʵһ˵õͷķ꣬߻ħܲסԼƽﾡߣҪʹԶָӣһĲ£ҲвᣬǱֻʣһŷȢӵģδɽһһֵֻܶ˾ʹأ徲գΩԸտ硹Ҳ㲻ˡ 
ͷ˵ֻѹĵףһһգִէȻŻԶ磬Լ֣֮ŭ쳣ѹֲס 
ˣҲȥԽСͬͬ˵һˣ´Ҳðɡ 
粻ôһʱŵãЦ 
ƽɢҲͰˣӲƽѾвס㣬ǰͲҷԶЩȥˣֻȥҲԼӣԽ֮ٱԱٲҲԸȥ˵Ϊ㵹ãԶ䣬ϸҪȥͲвֳɵĴ򿴹ˣЩȥǶ˭ڣ¶μǺãʧСиӢɨأӵТġ 
ۼŭ֮¿ڲԣŻʹ˵ͷһѵ⣬ֻɫҰףỨȴҧס촽¡ 

꣬һʱúðΣŵԺ棬ȴҲǲʶôˣĲңֻ뻤һһЩҶáȥԽ֮ҲͬԭҵĲǣֻԵȴԶʵһͷ 
˵ˣһӣԣס֣ҴСŵѧЩգڳ֮ԭֻͨʹˣҲЩԵȥ󣬸Ϯ»Ͽɣ֮ʱȴԶԶ򱱾˧λԭøȴƫֻƷᶽͷԵҲȥ˵ֻ˵ҸջŽϰǸ׾ɲҰæȴȥȴ˲һ˵Խֵؾϲ⣬ֻ̫Ӹѹȥˣֲ֪ɵӣ⾩ôмҪõ͸ЩϢң᲻ЩķֵܵľЩʲôˣȻ䲻֪Ҳµó⾩ﲨΰӿһСıܽƽȥƫʵ֣ҪҰұֻܵǶţֻһҲͰˣǣ̫Ӹ磬ȴģʴžװ竵ΪıƤЩССʧǶҲһЦ֮ˣ۲̫ӸͷϡֻʵƵúˣһգòϣбֲͬ˵ֻ¸ңζ뵽ңһչźáǡЩӶԶͬ˵ԽһĥϽǧ֮ңһķ߻ʵԶڣȴһֺͬͿȹڣսǸʩչѧڣұ룬˾ȥԽЧΪ棬ʵԶͬһͣһӪؽǹĸֶ˵仰սһصᲵӣʱҺĥձŲ¹ҵһġպ̫ӸƽλػίΣʱٻڸЧǺá 
Ǿ˵ܵʱ飬ǷݻǸĿ겻ΪҲֻǸȥԼݣߵĻ絢֣ܵԱǽ˵ƣֻԼҪµĺͯ 
ع񣬻ϸ𻳷磬ǽĴԳǿһ˫峺͸ᶨգҲգԼ 
һᣬָϵܵգ𣬡ֻЩӿ˵ȫȴ뻹©ࡣ 
ͣȴ÷ǵģһңǷûܼġ 
ڻ۾мӣҲѹֻΰοźãۼ֮飬ϲοɫʱͻ͸Ȼ 
˵ 
ڷɣ֪Ҫȴû۵ͷҲƽͷֳһ˫ֱ§סҡΡ 
᲻ԶΣˮ˿ˣֻѴˣչԼ˵жԶ飬ӦĪҪֵĲǡ 
»۲ʣؽԶɽ۷ģⲻ֪۶ܾ޺øУһԶֱĲʹ죬ֻ޲ý˸ԽԶԽãһ˿ӦʵͷҲϨˣӲų֣롣 
벻ô³̧֮ͷۣȻо֪ҷĲ£Ǳ㰲ڼҴţĪ˵ԽӽԺûҸţƽҲȥ֮Һ̫ӵţֻɢүáЩձ޴ʩչҲգֻƽƽպ̫ӼλȻչȭŵĵطҲһʱ 
ʧѼڵվ𣬡硹ֲŽгڣûˣѾԣӽ֮Ҳἰ 
˵շȥתβɨ棬̻䣬ˤһƬ 
δֻ첱Ӵȴ޴ΣȻͷȥ 

һδֵֵ꣬òɢί˵ţδҹֳԵϴۣղȥҶԶˣǱŲŻ۱ܶĵŤ 
֪˼Ҳ׵ܵ˼ȷȻҪʹ˷ֿԶ߸߷ɴӴһȴ˵ʲôҲܴӦġ 
ԼҾƣ˳һ飬ﰲס磬Խһ絽ףŵܱܵŤȥֵֻͬסһԺرİ·һ㡣˿ɿһˣ֪ǷƢǸҲȥ˵СҲЦģʴ˵ʱʮСģĸⴥùͷȥ 
ͬħϣϵһֻܹܾ֮Сִʲôŭֳֵܽ񣬱ŻһȰ˵޷ҪϸϽβܹͬ˵ÿڸֻҧأʼˣһӲӳһ䡸û 
ܹ޷ֵֻۣͦܣԼֵ̽̽˵˵ͣ˭֪ſ˿ڣûһ˻ȥܹܵʱ飬û 

˹գʮԪѽڣǵҹʱѵȴƲ¸һȥѰ֣һղţֻں԰ 
ϣؽڣۼȻؾϯ֮಻мϲһٷֻͷԷ仰Ҳ˵֪ûɵòĴȥ 
ζһٷѣԻݡ粻Ըͬһطȥ˸ǰ鷿ĥĲɷ˼ƪׯӡģȻһֻ˽ֻҶÿֻаȭͷС䣬һĨۺ죬˵Ƿϡ


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Ӷ˵ǰŵһ㣬ùһϸַڱǰᣬʱ۷Ź⣬ģĶңѵá 
̽ӷŵϣЦүȱҶĶģȳζòá 
ϲңﻹ˶˵һҧ£ϼ¶ǣƷζЩʮָʤڹ࣬ţҲ㲻ˡ 
ƲһƲ죬ӵӴһһңֻǡҲ㲻֣үõһ졣 
һǮ۵عֽĸҲɣճһҲһǮ 
һۣүҲʲôʱڣŵ£ͳóˡǳɽµϹũӹﻨǶѧķӣԼԺǸů붬˼ȥůҹõѬţŪ·ů֪ͣ˶̿𣬲ﳤôļǲ֪ԭǳ׸綨¸̫үõģõʮһүˣ˫ļӲǿ˹Ϊ㳢ʡ 
˵˵̾˿ƽѰ˼һиʮӱĹãֵƽͷհ뱲ʳˡ 
߶óһֻͨǰʣҶͱһͱֵôˣʲôʹ춼˻ȥûֵЩĵֻүģܹܽҹȥӣ˵үصظҲɿү˵˵죬ҲϴСˣʲôƢҲЩ㿴ĸмֵܵĸôֳ֣мֺõܵܵģʲô⣬úöү˵ǡ۳ţүЩͨһˣãſûи׼ģʲô˭Ҳ˵ҿүѵѴֵܵľͲЩ 
Ľʱ̱źСӣͣ˽µܰ㣬ҲͲܻ䣬Ȱο䣬˵õͷȥ 

Ԫڹü壬̻һûУԾƲöҲ˸ˣ죬ϸǼž 
Ժֻݵһյɴƣ۰޺ϣһֻС滨ľϰ÷ɫĳ߸߾̳ݳ㡣 
۾̳꣬÷ӾȥҲֻ΢һʱߣ۰űյ񣬵ƻϣӳ۵һ˿ġ 
֨ѽһԺ춯˽ԺֻǽŲҲ֪˭ֻһǴ¶һ˿Ц 
硣 
⴫һỽߵ˯𣿡 
һ۾һó 
λƹ¼۰뿿ϣһټɢ̬ʱ𲻵ôӣʱһ˲ңʧе硣 
һ硹УףŭҲһ룬廳΢΢һЦôңʲô˵ 
лԽ߹Ż£µǸŸӣҳһζã 
ۡšһͷϲá 
ս£һһʱ֪˵ЩʲôձЩΣƬ̣ӻͳһֱŵĸǰ˵ͳӣһû˸ңһҲԲЩŻùͬһԵĺá 
ۼʶҶӣһգ۱ܳӴСӦʹһ룬ͳԲˣ֪ǵܵԼģؿһůЦֲһڣ㶼˰ɡ 
ͬԼЦµǿЬ齣ѵ߿ûڣżϾ㣬ʵʲôƣζţҾû 
÷Ӿģʦǰղ˴̳һֱû˵Ϻȣ̳ǽſķ⡣ 
յֻһֻ߬ţ浭ɫҺʣһ롣 
ۼܵܲһžյϸݹҪ 
żͷȻֻͬԼȥͷŻϵǵоˣƷһ޵ˬ֮һζþơ 
һ˵һڴϵĲҺۺɫͷһţˣĻһ 
ƵôͷϲЩ 
յŵϣûȥֻ΢Ц￴ 
ϯֻ˵ˣƣ˿̹ͷӣһںһڣʮ⡣߰յƵǰչĸö׼ˣֻʥּһʱδ£ϵ빬ֻԼԶ븸ĸϥ£ԽһҲǲԸģϱֻң˳ȥ¹ɹĸҲ˰ɡ 
һͣ±յѽһն࣬ɹĸʲôҲ֪Ǹһ⾰ 
߶Ի󲻽ͷǸʲôӣöֲϧ游ĸ 
ͷ˼Ƭ̣Ҫ죬ҲͲȥ룬ԾֻǲЩ˼ϡ 
۰пΣƲ̳ƶǣʵǻȥԽһΣ 
÷ӾôͷҲչǾƣûôһȸɣͷԱЩɣϰڿϣֱ㶿һʵʲô 
ҡһҡԴ˦ȥЩ⣬ЩСۣ˵ȥǲҪ 
˶٣ֵȥģֻǲǸ 
ۺһϣ׸ȥʱſе龰ΪǷһһܵܣԼһĶ˽ȥӴϲ²ŵأһǻ˿ϵϣŶ󹦷򣬻ȴȻûһҪȥ׸ҲҪˡ 
ɬԣִ˵ķպޣһһʡ 
ȺһӲ緢ǰŲһŲȥקס첲͵ң硭 
ֻ֣ȴ֪˵Щʲô㽩ګګزˡ 
ðΣſۣʵɹĸа¾Ҫ뾩ȥӦ̽ǿڷ˰ɣ 
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ϲ̵Ŀڷۣǿסʣˣ񱱽Ǵ˵֮Ǻã 
һ㶣漴жԶڣԵչңµġ 
һһԶԽûޣͻһЦӵƼ 
û֮¶һԷһϴ裬ʲôȻƵġ 
˵ЩǶʱ֮£һȻûйģ˴ط꣬ҲֻһԷˣҲֻмΣֱͱڵȼ棬˵ʲôҲѹˡ 
ҧг֮£ٲ򻰣ٿؾסϥϰסһֻ̽Ѱǹƽ̹̹˽֮һһЦطżҪڣԶ󷽵úš


ʮ 

һͻȻѣȫף˺һֻһֻƸɡ˽֮һ̺ˣʱһ֮µɴ۾ʧУ磬㡭ʲô 
һã־֮ɫֳ˾ΪΣû۷ߺŭּ˵ıݣһɲʲǧٱ飬ľƫƫˣԼֻµٻڹѲܣҲǲԸʣ֪ǰԨۼҪٲȻ鵽ҲֻһԾ׹ݰ಻ 
͵һǿЦϼһѳ黳ӣ¶һ˫ȣŻ㲻ǺЩ𣬽ұһ̡ 
ƽỺȻֹȴ¶һγտ̬֮δֳӣŵɵˣֱѹ²ֻеùۣ±㱻׽ס˫ǺӰ˴ͷ 
¶ͨ£˿ҲֳΪֻʵ벻ͨúõһ̸ľͱһĻĪ״ΣֻȥϽţ 
磬㵽˻Цң 
粻ϲȥԽҲȥˣĪҪҡ 
˵飬ֻǲһȥٰ಻סĿ־壬˫ۡ 
ȲһȻùһ߿գŵ˿һֻϣ߷ɳȥž̳յˤڵϣһ̺෢ôһ춯ڸҹ֮ʱ÷ԺͷŵСȻҲЩɺô˻ڣֻǲ÷ԸĸҪĸҽһ 

ݻѿסһ˫׷ֿŵԼ࣬ѹ¡ 
һУ罫˸ɾࡡһ 
ֲס촽ϷֳͻһɾʹȼᡡӲһֱֱͱ硹ֽеһ۵ñֻһǱ 
۽ͣסס±ӣڻܵú𣿡 
һһָָԼĿڣȻЦֻиܡ 
磬㿴ܵܡ 
ӵܵ˫ʱȥ۽飬ૻӦ֪ 
漴סڴһаںУͦ 
 

֪ʱȼͷɴ۵һˣʱһƬ谵Ȼ˹ȥһ۾ϣ˵һɶԻڳ 
˼ǺҹԲƫ͸ֽһЩճӰ 
۵һյýǰԾĻӳ״ 
ϲ顡µۣ֪ȥδ˿ɢס۵ӣõĺڽȻɶɿһ˫ĥƤ󡣸еǻʺӺͥڳʪɡ䣬ֱʪϽ档 
ں֮һţ˲񣬱ܵܰõҴϡ 
ҷʢˮõƿú޹ˣҹǰµˮ˴ʱԾȣЩϸȥܵۼ 
һĥ־ʧͥһָ಻˿Ӧֻһ˯š 

îʱ룬¶һ΢ףֵҹСſһޣǷ죬ۿҪֵи˲캮ضǽ˯ҪܹͬᣬԺ֨ѽһˣվֱ˭Ҫ밲ɭһɤԸк̫ҽ 
磬۷δδֻ˼վԺ棬һϲŭֻǽ֪ģӹŵС˽ϲȥˣ½վŲҳ 
С˷ɱȥˣתݣоĵģδ 
ᣵʹסΣһڴأһֻڵܵܶϣ˴üͷ̲סһţ 
ҹŪͣϴ§˯£˲ʱ㱻߶ѣһ羹Ƿ˸ȣ˯߽һеһʱٺɤȥֻڴ⶯˵ʲôҲʪһ㡣 
ľڻв±ߣֻһʺ죬ԭ顡ʱͥ󣬽л۴֮ˡǴڲֻܴ֮۳ʱδ⣬ֻһգˣѪ㻺һֱδͣʱǽ±춼ʪһ顣 
ۼȼֻõǺ̫ҽ۰֮࣬ٹ˲࣬ȥ˹ 

̫ҽ߾٣ЩԽߣÿîɢȦҪ緹ȴнϲ𼱻ǵؾסӵүʲô֢ȥƣүӿЩСĳƢɲá 
ǿ彡δ˼˹ȥȻС£̫ҽҵæʰҩнϲŸ˹ȥ 
Ժſڣϲֹ˲ûСǣԸȥɡ 
̫ҽͷӹҩԺӡ 
һߵǰȿţ̫ҽ漴ҡ 
ҽ߽У̫ҽһʵƲүĵ㲻΢ɺŽݣݵ˲һӣԱһֻɰ˰ľֻ̳յĻ˸ӣɺ˳ԾԼ˿ǲҩֽһ㼴ĿбӣŽҡ 

¶յͨڴǰӲʣͷ̫ҽһ 
ǳ̫ҽ˵ģ۾ȴʼղ˴ӰаһǻǵģϹҲó 
ԭΪǻкμ֢˸ǰ֪ǻ磬ֻλС˯ڴӵķ̫ҽ΢֣ȴҲȥʣ̽򻳷ͷһֻ֣֮æӱͳһֻ̽ǻδȳһȦƤϣʲôյģ±һ㶣͵һңеʱһ¡ 
ǹ߶˶ʲôûһ¶Ҳһ˲漴û˰Ӷֻﲡ 
ԼаյĹ򣬷ŵСүڲĻף˳ڣּзад֢ͷͣգӳϼҲˡ 
̫ҽһ˵һ͵ﻳɫɫĲÿɷ񣬱ϻδʱл¡ 
Щˣͷ̫ҽһơ 
˵ţƿ˱һǡ 

ϲʲôѣࡡţһƣ¶һºۼ̫ҽʶ㣬ʲôףֻһ۱㾪ôˣٿֵ̬֪֮ʲô£һ¡ 
һֱѪֹ̫ҽȸֹסѪɡ 
ɨһۺ̫ҽ׵ɫ˿ҡ 
ʹԭ¼Ĳɹ̫֮ҽڹж꣬ļЩ˵ڵİۻ֮£ҲƺĲʹǴΪ𺳣λز 
ǿŻ糤ģλϲСүΪãէȻһ̬ˣ಻¶Щ߿ƽ۵б˾֮ɫ 
̫ҽһּ黳ӣ̧һȥɡ䣬˥ԣ鿴ΪΪѼ䣬ѽ˲෭ڻУ»ֻ¡¶ϰñӹ§ţ̫ҽΡ 
̫ҽϸ鿴һƲأɿֹѪҩϸϸĨ˽ȥȥ鿴һȦЩָӡǺ֮ǳˣĨȥ亹ߵ߿˸ȵķӳʸۡ 

ûɺãùϸЩȵĶ֢֮ͷӽں̫ҽӹʱһЦ̫ҽ߹ж꣬ǵûΣ֮ͨʣʲô˵ʲô˵Ȼ뱾̵ġ 
̫ҽǰλУݱȲϰرȨ㳯ҰҲСԵĪ˵粢үҪҲֻ˫ַϡ 
ףүġ 
̫ͨҽ³̾ŭҲֻˣΡΡˣŷȥ˼ҩ 

̫ҽһߣ۱㻻·ȥ˽ɨˤƵľ̳յȥҲµģʰͣõҩҲ 
̫ҽιн˷§ǰӹҩ룬õҨһ״͵ߡ 
ҩ࣬˯в֪ʣһιȥһ˳棬Ҳ࣬ýˣιһףһҩֱжٷꡣ 
̫ҽӹ룬˳ǰ̲סͷһۣڴͷɢĿڲסһϧᡣ 
̫ҽҲʱģῴаص˼ΪȻذҡͷλСүǰбϰ繰赣䵽ô治֪ǻǸ


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ⲡͣһվǻҲιȥֻڳԹҩιһС˲ΰ
һԣ㣬ʵھǻ֣̿»粡Ƽأѹܡ
ȻҲû˰˼Ѳ˾Ҳδȥֻڴ߿Ż˯ݷ
ź˵Ѿͷ˺̫ҽֻСҹﲻ˷磬֢̱˻ʾ£˸СС¯ҩ࣬Ѿͷţźʳˮ

ϣȽˣιһҩֹʱ˹
һ죬һǺͿڴͷԼһǣȻȻ磬ҿʡ
һ㶣϶ˮι꣬±Ӹ̴΢ȵգϻ𣿡
ȶһˣ־ҹ﷢ĵεɲǻ£ͷյóյʱתΪһƬҰףֵصɴ۾ֱ˻Ƭ̣ٿִ̧ŵĴơ
־֮ʹ󣬻һֻʹһµ˿ȥ
ֻһ£֪ҹ֮£ĬƬ̣㲡һ죬δҲöˣҷЩɺã
ĿƽոκͰִֵң翴ȴֻи£翿ҪԼ͵ط
ɼʹЩȴ˲ˣ򴲽ȥܹۻɪһš
۱Ҫſ˫ȴϻôӦһĵʱ׹ȵףһƬ

ǿסǻɬ۵һЦôˣң
粻ֻ¶һ˫۾䱸Լϧֹסŭӿһ׽סֱ۴Ӵק˹ȦڻС
类§ס±һ漴ȭ߼侪гſ
˷ס˫󣬷ϵǱţҪֵ˾֪Ҳɵ㡣
ֵࡡ鱾׮˵ڵĳ£ֽʩĹȻӲ˸ͽ䣬ȴҲӴѼˣ̶һ仰Ƶûס죬ίһʡ
һϱûʲôһܿڻǰãɿ§ţҧ´ס޽УһĬĬᣬھΣ鲻Խڻӡһϸǡ

粡δһڣ˵ȶӴ͸ᱡḧϡ
۾죬æñӹסȥ滽˺̫ҽһֿ˼ķӳȥãֳ˯ȥ
۷Ĳ£һ§ڻͬ齶ԣʱʱȶȣҹˣŰĺС

ʱѹһҹ˲ٺ˿һϮʪ妵ĴδۣȥϵĽڣһ㾪ûʱæȥ̶ˮɾºǲ˳ȥԶΪ滻
죬ûҲǲɣǰٰ߳ѿҲֻŻѲϴɾ
ԹԵɰڲ۰ԻϲƬ̴׵ֽѾͷ뼦˿࣬ιֻǵ͵ߣȴͷȥ
ҵֺαͬԼӹȥźóִǡ
ҲŵȰֻǲҲˣοЦȥ̽źʳ
ûλСӣһ粡һȦ϶ûѪɫȦһ±ˣ޲ʱ̸һȰһιܲס߶Ҳˡ
̰꣬£ȥ䡣۽ţûǷݷѵƤͻһĻš
ƽֻܵûƬ̰ЩԼͷۣر˸ӣֲ
վŷһʵΪʲô
ţۿ飬Ҳ֪˿ϱŨŨԻίһʱ£˼ðΣȴֻҡͷЦҲ֪ʱ˼Ȼֵͬܡ
˵䣬ǰһи輯еСһ䡸ʱģο񡹣ʱ⾳ٶȻд֮˵һس֮ྡն֮ϵ޿κΣɵþˡ
粻һ䣬֮ǲŵãȻ޴룬ȻۣҸ硣
л񣬲мЦҵ治ϡ硣
⻰ԣӺƫӣӳһͨԸ˲ƽʮֲҲĴ٣ƫ̯ϻôǻ䲻֪Ϊģֳίʵ˻ܵûһ־׽ްȤԡ
⻰䵽УһƣʱĿѣ˵ۼɫ䣬ǲţԼȾ§סһ˵ˣĪȥ
һ٣ϣպֵܣֻϸǰһԹԵģֻи㣬Ǻá
꣬ر˫ۣһ۽¡

£һůһգֻ峿仹ʣ˼ִ͡
ԽһھǹһͲס˼֮飬һ±ǻ˷ء
һǴ֣ˮⶳˮȥˮϣ̫ӻǬһɳΪԽУһǱ֮˵Խ˳λӻҲװֻжԶĥĥ䲻굽۸ǰʣ磬˷绹û𣿡
ºЦ𣬡ЩˣֻǻŲ÷磬ұûţ˷ͬȥԽ棬ҲǲֵúܣԺеӣȥҲһ
ƫʱ
Զһźã͵棬Ҫʼ仳粡飬Ǳ߶Ӷڳֻ̣òʲԸȥˡ

ĿԽһԶǬڻط;ʻۣ粡õ治أ
֪ͬԶãǲѣȻҪ͵ģʴ˵ġ
һЦЩ⼸Ѻöˣֻϲȣŷû׼С
Ǭʹ˷ģת˵

ۻصнԺ£ԺŵСѻֱͦͦţΣ߸ʷһߣүҪȥСˣү㲻ˣˤŻˣһû̹ȥͷͲ裬±˽ˡ
˭ֵ
ݳĳƵԪ־
۸ţһͷ𣬻ҪȥĶȥǺӦǡ
ǣү

Ժǰһ˿ϰŵĵȻʱģһδķţڿһԴϣδϵķ˿ɢ䣬һ˫۰ϣȥҪΪ˯˰㡣
Žݣӳıô󣬿˿Ǽ͸˵Ĳˣߵԣִ𻳷һͷָ档
ôԷ
һҲһĨЦԽһ뾩ûȥͣˣ
֪ʣҲֲסŭ͵ֱ޺޿
ҡ
η˿ָ们䣬ջ֣纮ȲҪȥǺãҲŵ÷ġҪţȻҲ
һ٣תᣬɽһ㿪ˣϲǶȥòã
Ȼ޷ʩĩ˱ת
ۼ򴽽һԲȻȴǿ̵ӣұһȥգָŴһըëèߡ

ȳԷɡ
ջָѹĴʹЦ㲡źãĪٶˡ
һ룬ֲһ䣬ÿպԷұԸȥٽС
֮סſڣ޷»˽涨ԶȥԽһߵԶˣһȥȻҲͿࡣ
˵꣬ߵſڽ˴ţһʱ˽˳»²
ʱµҪۿһҲ䱸һŵٽ㣬ȨΣ߽ͬԶʳ


лҪ˵
Եڱºڼܿճ棬⻭ģƯȤͯѥȥܿյҳɡ


ڶʮ 

˳극һʱ¿ͻֹ֮࣬ס㷲Щ΢̬ȻӲۣ֮̾һɫȥ鷿ˣһ˯ɣĪֵ̫ 
Աϣȥ˶Ժի 
δã˽ʰиϴˮ罫Ŵȥԡ¶ʱϴȥȴȥܳߣԺ߰Ҳһʱǻߣֻ벻ܲȥ̫ӴһЩʱܵίһԶһʱ̫ŭֳĿ 
֪Ŀ³ֲȣӾĻϲ⣬һ£̫ӲʧȴұۣǣԼҲӲ֮ڣֳǾĽȻ˲֮£ǲԸֻ˸ͷŻ۾ʹ˰ֵֵ֣ܣЩֻǳجΣӾ˱㽥ȥɻջԳ˼⼸ּʶԼֶΣԼҲֳִ˵ʲôҲܷŹԼģҪɾһԵǺ޴룬벻ʶԽңʶƫֲð˯ڵЩ˯⡣ 

԰ѵţʼʲôԼ£ʪʪܣмãʶȴһɺ⣬ʱһѹϷһˣϸºסԼ촽˱ݡ 
ԡǼģȾҲš 
ۼˣ͵һЦתΪңһֻ̽µ£ڻǰ 
Ż뻹ǵסֳȥһͬСɣʱȥƣһһ˫ûס´˼Ѱͷϡ 
ϴһĺӣӲĲɲһʱֲյܣ漴ڻѵĽë˳ϸǶ£ҧһ˫ԹԵģĪҪҶ 
֮ͥʵ˼źãϴǵȲʹ֮¼£Ҫͬзʱֻһֻδ˵꣬лһͷУ򦣬סһ 
һһѣࡡ㡡㱧ס˻ĥҪˮ֪ܵһʱ֮ܶһζȽ̵ֽûˣ쳤վʳ֪ζȻˮɵһգסӵ̣ԼǸǵϴȴȥֻڻȸš 
յ蹦򣬻۷ɿڴ˳һ·ȥڻظȥһ˫Ҳȫ߲ݡ 
׵Щһǵͨ죬ڴŵɱһ󼱴ȹֻͷȻ׹ԼСɼȱµһʪסƽõĿ׶²סЩ಻У䵽һ˫ְһζ߳ѿڵرӵֱܵĿڡ 
򣡡 
һֹסͦûסˣһֵشϡ 
ôһڣһĥ۵ʵӲòӲʱ紭ϢǳǳŶһȾɷۺ죬֪ò˼ֻ򣬱жµҴСıУƿиǣָڳɫ֬˫ȣͥͿĨ 
ɴ۾Ϊ״ͥԾס˽ָ 
ۼһҪ޲޵ϧƫɿ꣬§סܵοݺݵŪһŪġ 
˼һվ᲻ãǸסˣһͷһ£Ūʹ 
˵䣬ָĨѽǸ֬ںͥͿˡ 
ҩ˹֮ͥ˪ԭǸźʵ۵殡֮Ԥģ滺֮ߴߡ֮Чõģ۳õʱͷġҩ̫֮ңרк̫ҽµˣһġҩķ֮ãֻǻϾ꣬˵ӲȫҲȶ֮ףͷһҩʮУͿϲһڱڽһͷӵ棬β͹˳żסкϸϸèỽһ㣬䵽У꣬һ̲סǰһͦ 
ΨŪۻ磬伫Ỻɼܲסִ֡󣬻ֽžӱŽ˸ͷܵܰ磬Ұɡ 
⵱ڶĶóһֻ쵽ఴһֻڻᡡĦ 
㣬˭ҡ 
Цţݺģڻȫ˽ȥ 
ֻǽͣס˲Ӧ 

һڣȻ˷Ӧʵ꣬Ѱӵ˼̷ţ֮Ǽģƫ˲һһû˽£ûǵԭͲ֮ϴûŪò쳣ֻµģԴδζʱºŻȡ֡һ£þˣʹȥֻʣǵûţ֮ҩԽɢڡڳЩˮգһһȥۣܵúܡ 
˿ɫ죬ѣϸ˭ҲܷŹȥοۣ鶯зųʣ͵ЦҳŽء 
˵ű㻺 
 
һһУִּ٣۶ÿˣǽһŰڶ˼ġ 
粻Ҫˡ 
ȥ 
ֱеûѪţ޲ýܵ˺һڿڳԽ 
ŪˣȥƻۣȴƵöл۹סݺݵ˼£⼸ײںͥоϣ˰ѻһֻѰڷй 
ǳˣҪˣйȻƽֻûйǻһţԽԽֱˡ 
Ǻͣһ˫ƾܽ˽ӵס˻۲޵磬Ҫˣܡ 
Žһ˲ʱʪһƬ 
ڽҪͷֻסԼĺͥһʱʵк˳ˣžԣֻ˫۽գŴŵ۽ǻ䣬ݽ´ҧӡӣ̣ƴסҲЩܶЩ¿ɼһƬˮգСʪȥϸһᣬŵһɵ 
мʮСģȴ벻ϸûʧ˳ȻǺЦæ´ȥȡˮãԼŪɾˣϴ§ס¡ 

СȥƣС㲻ͬˣزסЩޣҪʪ˿㡡ɣƽڴϼģȲƶСģ³¶ԣֻǽûŪúˣһ¸﷭죬ûܰѳס©˳̬˿ȥһµǾյԸӡ 
˿пʹҲܵ糣˰йԪոձһаֻأԲȥƱȹ忾֮ԭǼʴ֮£ƫ𲶾Ժǿһ㣬ȴֲ֪Ž⣬ʱҧزתһţͷĬĬᡣ 
Ժ§סӹ̣¼þòƽȫźСĶºһˬ̬֣֮ҲԼǻӲȫ£һʱڣļġҩȥ̫ҽʸźá 
һΣδˣҲŪӰתһ˫ڵܱܵĸο˹ãǾڽ


ڶʮһ 

ӲĬλ۱ţ˰СʱǹȲŵƽ 
һҹδˣɱ֮ϴһĥֱŪίٲ۵úˣƫбൽ뷽ž̬߷ѵ޲һͷײŪð˿˯Ҳޣžᣬʱַ˹ȥ 
һҹδߣȻҲ˯һϢʱûϢ˯ˣСƬ̣îʱҲ 
Żѣ۳ǰ̲סϸۣܵܳëһʪܾۣ˵ίһ뽫ڻϧһ룬ȴվſ˰Σһֵ̾ȥˡ 

Ժֵʷͬ۳ԺӽϣԸٹһʱк̫ҽԺ￴ûУûѱ˯˽˽ȥź򡣽ԺֻƵĻͷɢɢҲˣǺţ׼ȥѲ˾֪ 
ղ˵ٽֹ룬ȴַڣʷһͷˮκӣҲҶʣӦǡ 

һռ䣬Ѳ˾һȴסˣĲɣ࣬ʱӶ࣬һʱ̵ĴҲ˿óҪ񣬱㽫½ǣʱԼȻ˸ 
ƫСԺݣǺ̫ҽӴ᷿ҩңһҩǽţɢҩ㣬мһߺС¯һҩζǳ΢һ˿㣬ͥ˪ 
˼ǳխֶҩʯߣ۱㲻˼ǰվͿԺ¿һվӵĺ̫ҽ׺һһĲԸȴǲòΪ۴ɡ 
źȵ۵殡Ҳм̳ǰȽʳˮԡ²ſ޵ǰҪСһΣµıǳлʱʧ¡ʱҪ˭׼ǱƵϸ˨ǶסˣʱЩҲ͹ˡⶫɾ·ţĶУûģҩãӣб֮ЧҩҲǳõģԵõĶУֻȥ֮ûԪйһƽϢùҩ͸ѷйȥżһǼ˵ģ˱ҪҪһֻ֮Ҳ͹ˣСЩŪһˮֵ֮ġʵ֮ãȻ䣬һζ֣ 
֪ǰ֮˲ɵκ̫ҽ࣬׶˵л 
һۣҲˣͥ˪Ĵߡ֮ȥ˰ɣƼ 
һ룬˷ɻ䣬̫ҽҲһһˣٵ飬Ժȥ 
̫ҽȥԶˣȻ̾ 
˵ڳᣬæĨˣ¯ϵĸҩµȥˡ 

ʱڣݱ»ܣѬһԺǳ΢䴵Ұ㣬ǳǳĴϢһ𣬷컡 
ֻһ֧ӯӯһ͸ɴʸӰӰ´ճһŵӰ 
š 
̲סݳһᴭѹµĻȫһ޳Ĳʹһߣÿ˸סҧгһ֬ߡ 
ؿˮ֮ôζ˰ɣ 
͵ţִ󶯼£йڵܵǵûǼ¼Ȼڻ۱ϵһʹץѪӡӡ 
ܻ̹ 
˾ȴųԾѹŻЦһֵֻüģఴ 
ɿһ˫ֱ̯࣬۲ֻŤǽƫ˫κ죬ôʮֻڲסĴɫԳһַ 
֪գϿڣҲǿ󣬱һϢƽȲųһ뿪治ȡھˮס̼ʪɣ̲סǡһߡ 
۸Ҫ´һͣסˣڶʵ᲻𣿡 
ֱûŭĿӣЦ£´ȥȡˮʰޡ 

ɴûڵֱ͸룬ճΣࡡ㡡㡡ţ𪼡͸Ĩɫһϸܱ˵ޡۿأǲˣĿѲǰֱɨ棬䵽СϣĿ׶Ȼȡ֮һ飬ָ״Сɫ۰ףӨǶ޶˶˱е˼ƪ 
¸һȥŪһأһƳ廳ɫ߲ѹü͸һĨӶᣬĻʱϨˣ˲侲ǰһۼ 

˼֮ףС粻֪ѱ˶ٻأʱߣÿÿӽֱһֹҲóֻٺˣЩζǰٰСŪٲʲԸҲֲסֶΣʮﵹ߰˻رŪ鶯һ񣬼ʱ˲߳ܣס˻˽УֻϾ˹˼ɣһֵ׳ƵôԼľͽס顡֮ҵȵز׸籧ס˾ܿÿ¹ѵԻֻʣ˺üĿȺףֺԼѳֲסʹĲλΰ裬Ц 

ԹԾ᲻ֻ֣ȽΪá 
ɵöˣ֮Ƚɼһ̲ˣŲǰ棬һס顣 
ϺõĶ飬һֻϸɵϣ̣ǡǡöסõСףҪΣһе㣬Լȥ 
ˣ»۶죬ѱסôһʹѱγһȣ©ʪȡ 
ۼֿ죬ʱȥտĨɾ 
ֲͷظʰĻۡ 
ӣЦ§ס 
ȴβ̹Ȼҧ绳ȥ۹˱ԴҲգȥȼһ¯Ϣ㣬ϴ˯¡ 

Ƭ̣ϢŨ򶨰֮ЧţȴأԲܳߡ 
ֵࡡ֮±ͽ黳۴ԼԽĳ簮˷ϰԵЩ½мӣø粢һʱڼʵħˣԽԽ£˼ƽ֮ǰĥ˸ӣ̫ǰ˵лȢ֮䣬ߥָ̫飬ǰս밲ȴ˵̫ѡеļҹˣϻЦű㱻ѺϴһͨŪվ㣬Ҫڴϵ˼ܲǰģʧµ֢⼸ձһ㣬޲ߣƣκһ۱ǻͬࡡ㡡ӵ龰һ˵ʲôҲ뼫СجƵһʱμԼࡡ¶һ顡ۼվǰһʱּȥĸĸȻԼ˯һ̱־ѡ 
֪ĲҩҽģҲȥҺ̫ҽƣšÿ˯죬ȼϢߣϻĲһһգѲʲôˡ 
ֹʱ˯ðȣ󱳿ǰһ۵ 

Ѯ٣ЪȻҲȥѲ˾ֵֻˣԾîʱѣȥԺϢϢתʮ죬Žϴͣ绹ţ˫۰ѴһȦ࣬΢֣Լ⼸ղ̫λŪ 
˯ò𣿡 
۲ϣŻ磬Ѱ˼ҪҪú̫ҽƿ¡


ڶʮ 

ҹһߣúˣɫףһήҲ̬֮ԹԴЬͷҲϵɢűߡ 
ۿ죬裬һקס첲ʲôȥ 
δۿʱͷֱӣһһȥ̫Ӹ˵Ҫȥס 
ۼһ˫ͫãȻ񣬾͸Լ֪δ˲ʱһ¡ 
Ǹòȥסѽ̫ת͸ˡ 
ۼҪܵߣȻ˼ȫһ˿·뻳磬ҪԼ޴ȥһ罫Ǻ˳ȥ̫֪˻Ҳʻһ 
ţһ˫ڽ߶ڻϡ 
Щʱ̹ȣ˼㱵˿һ䣬̲ȥǻίԹֱ˻еҲҪһס㻹Ҹۡ 
ֳӲԻй˿ȻӺˡ 
۳һϼӾҪԼĸۡȥ̫˵ٸ㽨һǡ 
ýȥݣһµƭˣ˿סң˶ţҸ̫̫Ӹ߿࣬ϷŹңһҲҳˣۡʲôãңܵܣȴңҲҪˣҲҪˣ 
Խ˵Խߣ;뵽ȴǰһڣǰֱֱˤۻȥǰһл硢硹ǽ־塣 

ʱϣһҩ㣬һɿζǲűιҩͷһˣͷ۽ƹС 
ȥһ졣 
ۼˣͷ̫ҽ˵ģ˼ǹȣʧ¶Σһʱա 
һ٣Цҹҹ㣬֪˯ȣȴ֪޲ߵģֲռûɡ 
羫񲻼ãǻԾɱ۾ֻѣ˯ţӱƤ¹ۿһʹ 
̫ҽ˸ĵķӣ϶ͺˡ 
һֵҵ׳ԼƵ˵زȲϲ£Ǿ͡Ȳ˰ɣҪ 
Ŷһ̾һ۽߳顣 

գͷɹð̣಻ˬƵƸųѲ˾ŷ󳨣ԺﲻӰȫ֪ĶȥˣֻƹҲſͷһҪ˥ 
죬˾дù񡣼ǰµУξվһֺ򣬴ҲҴȵҪһ˾üһ̧۽һɨһ⣬䣬Ҳ˶㡣 
۳һһ淭һ£ѵ򼥷㽫˶򷢹ˣЪһ˲յһʱ˼תϡ 
¾໳緢࣬ʱͬȴδзʵͲסˣҲֻǳû˯֮һףҲСģֶ˾ѵܵܡ 
СӦţʧµ֢ɫһҩȥ˯Щ˯˵Ҳȣ⼸ո˯ʱɫԼĺ 
ۿ˻ϲձ㽫ڻŪźõܵ궯§һأ˭֪ϣ޷˯շתһҹ۱Ҳһޣй̫ҽֵ˷мζҩۼº˯ţһ 
ʢͣȻƫõһ֢ҪֻܿȴԼҲֻ¶ǣɫ˵Ϻÿһ̯һλӣȻù 
һʱҧһʱüĻ㱳񣬲֪㵽˰ʱ֣أԶߣ֪λǸʲô˼ֲҽţֻǰСֹлջ˼Ըظ 

˼ͷаߣԼȴͣһ˿磬۳Ѳ˾ţ޾ԴήңҲû˼йǵлظɢɢġ 
ǴӦˣ༸иˣ۱ǣ 
Ѳ˾ǰһֵǰʱ֣Ȳ˱ڴ˿̿ţ⽵˵ݵģһ½һּ˷ӳϼֱһСƵС 
ӲмĳеļŻ˼ҵĺԺţŲ롣۲Źսһ͸ŮڣͷѲ˾ 
˻۽Ůһ㶣סˣһ˫ֻĿתŻ۲ס 
ֱܼһİӣʵ֮۲ãȴҲԸͬһ񸾼ƽϣֻһԹǰУ˭֪δ߳ŮӺСү 
һվסˡ 
Ϯ꣬˿ưδϮʱǰӵĳƺСүȴֻʱ׽ʹӻģòţէȻ֮һϤɻͷȥ 
Ůʮͣļ˪һ˫۾ǴȰף۵۰ϲ˵Ϥ 
Сүְ㲻ǵˣ 
ֱʶˣȴһʱ벻һ˵Ժеʱֳһ˵Ӱӣϲе 
Ůǻ۳ʱ㼴׶ݹ˲֮۱һֱִ·ȦԶȣϷǲȥ 
ۼλԼ׺Զʱҹ˼Ӿ˲Žȥط꣬˵֮ϲǰסһ˫֡ 

˷ֱʮ꣬ССͯӢ˶꣬ϱϲֻСѲ˾ۼ۴˾ôλҸϵһֻƺɰ壬ŵðһԭָСӻǵԼʱۺ׽Ҳ˵Ļϲ߬ס˻һ˫֣۽ǱҪ 
ô꣬һΪҲСүˡ 
Ҳû뵽ټ 
ۼһ˫Ͼϼ룬·ɾ۴Ҳ˲ͬǰʱİݸأ֪ǳ࣬ʵЩ궼Ķһؾ˶ߵ߰˰ˣû֪䡣 
ĨĨᣬǿЦұҼҵļūţű̵ģһߣĶȥҲͻҼۣҼλүȺ°˹٣ǰ㽫ūŷˣүǲСүģرЩӽȥұҼڳǶʯ￪˸ӣҲʣͭӣҶҲˣ˸ı˸£һ˾á 
Ҽ˿󽫣֮Զܸ֮ʤȵʱΪأʹر˽ϼλȨ¼ɡΪȹ̽ɽ̫ȺȢԶŮ֮ϻλȣݲȨ죬ֵҼұȨ򱱾һǰҼҾĵӣɰ׺չȥ 
Զ֪Լ˻ʵۼɻ䣬躹޻ؼꡣһףֻļŮȴӲʮǧ 
ŮøǸТ̫¸̫ӣȵ˻ʺСŮȴ֪մŭɷȦҲѣЩ̰¹ʵȨҳ٣㷸ӭͷײϣһʺ֪ʵ飬ͷҲҴȰּܲȥֵܹѪͷԼں֮йʵ۷䣬űסֵֻǰչ¡ҼҴӴȨƾȥֻʣ˸ӧ֮һ־ƽӹ֮һʺĻ䣬ҲͲ˼ֶϣֻĻӲˡо̫ͬһҼ⹫ԶǲͨѯȻҲͲ֪ˡ 

úұˡ 
֪㰲ȣԸаοЦպѴֻҡ 
ϼСӹ飬Ǹжͷ 
ͷ£ɫ۹ʱʱʯǲҽȥ 
һϲ⣬һʷʡ𣬵ʱɫһݣŻ˼һȷ۵͵͵СүҴ㣬취ȥһ档

ڶʮ 

ʱһɫҰ֮ƻ𣬱Ի谵ֻһ棬ӰӰ´ճּСһǰһǰеˡ 
ǰ˶ʮͣƽֻһ˫۾Գͻʱͷǰ棬쵽ˡ 
һ಼ۣбһֻҩ䣬Ӣҹɫڲסһ˫żľ⣬װİӺۡ 
ͻȻתѶ۲֪ĸ׳˺£һҲʱĸۻ磬䵱ΪǲΪȻٻЩԹֻǱϾĸģʱǨ׼ȥȦ֮粻ϣ͵ۼһ಻ǽ˸֪˲һҲ˼һͷӦ 
ϵĶԪ˸Ľ˵ҼҼеʱķ⣬ԨԴҲǻԵɺϣǰۣԪǸ۶ģûñͬߵŮϻԭͬҼҴϹϵЩôͷһΰæðǰ͵ʮѩԪϲͷ˲ʹø 

λƽǺʮٵսС·Сʱִܵ⡣ 
ǻʼҽأΪۣȴҲΪ壬ƽֻһ˸ŻͳʮˣȦľŮ죬ʱһÿҲиϣֵ⣬˱ԻصӪԾƲö 
ԪŻڹǰֵļͬ۴ǱõĴ򣬸ͷġ 
ͷĳƷɫڣҹֻſ¶ŰŴɤʱֲ 
˿ۣʣ̫ҽԺĴ𣿡 
¸磬֪ͷȦŵʲôݣĶö̫ҽ̫ҽԺ˰Ҳ˴ֻȥ˸ʱ 
Ԫѻ˵˳֮ҲûƷһֱ˽š 
ԻԼĸ׾ѣʱһᡣ 

ͷŵ˲ֻ࣬еźѾͷֻԺ䣬ҲԵտ 
ʱɫȻȫڣǰԺȴƣ۸ԪֱԺӫӫһ 
ԪǰţѹүҸˡ 
䣬ű֨ѽһˣһʮŮſڣͲߣһ˫۾ȴ̶ˮֱԪĻۣ¶һâϲͽУСүˡ 
ϡǵŮзʱԼˣüʮȥ⸱̬֮Ȼһɿ־壬ȥĸǺݡ 
һĹ洫һŮӵƲɤǻ𣿡 
ͷСүˣͬүһģӿ̳ٴ˵ġ 
˵Ų˽ȥ 

ֻһһһΣªһŮӶϣӳ˲ſݳһ˫ۣɫ㣬֪ʱȻ޹Ⱥ 
Ůһ۽Ҫվμ֮˫ȷƶ˷ֺֻһ˫۾סۣΡΡһֻ 
ŮǱѾõʮӺ겻ʮжԭӺݻʢĵκʮ걻ĵأѷ绪٣էȻط꣬һʹмסԼֻ֣ͨĸϥǰĸף 
ò׶ҹ˼ڵóԸ۳Ӣͦģϲýס˶һ˫ֲɿɴ䣬ʲܳԡ 
Ǳӷᣬĸ˵ 

ʺһɼһԵԪ˽Ȧ֮СǣߴŵѲ˸ϵԪһС䣬ЩСƣȴǳ£ֻһ޲˵ۿʱʹ˵⼱ߴٵﰦ𾡿ޣҪǸү˵ȥͷصĿҪһ¶СĲ˲°ӣүȴҪùͷǸϽİɡ 
˽Ȧ֮˲ֻٺҲӲģ֪һᣬʱᣬ巼ﲢԪǳȥ棬ͬҶ˵仰 
˳ȥֻʣĸӶˣĸЩÿɺã 
ҧЦƵպʳʲôãǵ㣬һҲȥ˵ĺãҲʡH 
Сʳ˰꣬ѹҪοӣĸ׽мҪ½죬úˣұٲùĸӴӴ˱Բ 
۲첻ѣ֪ʲô¾ܽȦ֮򣬵ĸ֮䣬ҲԸˣʲô£ĸֻ˵ 
ĽǺ꾫ֲ㸸ͬС֣㽫±ʺּ֪˸飬һ֤ұܳȥˡ 
һ룬Դ˵һһɺԽŵֱ 
ĸף˵ʲô 
һڣɬ˹ 
зų˷ܹâʮǰ㸸׷ּ϶ĽңǺ꾫ʱѼ˵ģУ๫㸸׺ѣ鷳Ͼչ޶㽫Ľи㸸տ˵պӻأӺˣĽ޴ȥ㸸ױ˾ǣڱС֡ 
˵Цٺ٣㸸ǰһ̬֮ȴЩһ翴ĽңǺһԼʼҲˣӲֱ˻ӻ˸Ҳ˹ȥΪŽ˺嵽Ǻ꾫ûӦӣȻ˳ˮ۳˺¡ߣϧȴ˵أǸֻĽһ㸸׵ĺӣ㻤㸸ߵļȴǸһӽϻģһ㸸׹ʲô꣬ԸɱڣֻӹְǼ˿࣬£ֻһ˼ˣ׮ȴΪš 
֮䣬·ɼǿѨ֮ʣʱڣݲû۲ţһһš 
˵˿⻳ɫ䣬㸸һĸ£ȢĽҺ㽫⼸˶ȥˣиţسɵģ뿪ȥÿｫǰԿñְֻƽԭͬʶʵѰɽɽ𣬱ͬ˵˴£ֻԸ֤һְٰ˾ò⣬ͨң˼ȥֻȽ˵һ˵ 
˵׽ֱۣӣ̫֮ţְ׾٣ţسԸȥ˸ʵ飬£ұ޺ȥˡ 
Ըˣȴ벻Ҳµ÷һ죬Ҳ 
ĸףţسЩſڴƻƻ£ʸףȻֵ˸ȥ˵棬׹ȻѰҲߣЦǰ 
һͷҶ˵ǣǸȥţسɣ֤֤ڣҲҳԱ˸顣 
һ룬ǲ֪סĶӦõģȥɣЩˣ㸮ﰲðɡ 
ʡˣǿգοĸ׷ģӱؽŪףĸһ 
ԭľͻþϲʤ֮ɾҲָ֣Ȼǵ˴Լ緶Ц§ڻ۰ 
òӣ˵꣬ҪٽЩҳȴԪŽеʱˣٲ߿ɲˡ 
ڴжٷȷȻжվ𣬵ȥɣҲһʱˣԺеӡ 
ǣĸױأˣ 
ٿĸһۣҧ˳ȥ 

˺ԺͣסŲԪҺڷ˵㶼Щʲô 
Ԫһ٣ЦүĻСĶ˵ˣﳶСվаԶӶҲ 
һ㵹Ǹʶ˵ģã֮²Ҳ֪õΡ 
Ԫʱһɫָ췢ģүģСһʵ©˷ܽ 
۵һЦҲ÷ⶾģȻŵùֵܵģպӦҾǡ 
ԪҪıһ䣬ϲ֮಻£ȵ˳ȥ


ڶʮ 

һҹ۾óô۴ֲ֮ȴҵ飬ձҼʶ͢ţسڡ 
ֵҲԼ㣬Ҽʽ΢ֵҪٹҫ鹣ԼģгΪʺκβշң̫˾ԶƫʱðôŪĺˣǰ̫ضͬ׽ӴϻλүȻеǺôֵһǰȾϲüңߴٱ˵ţس֮͢ʻŹȥȴл۾ˣֻ£ԽԽãŽ˾˲ 

ʱһҲԵһС׵ڶŻš 
˿ʱ֣Ա߼˼ҾǴֻǰһ̻۵һӦţһˣŶ룬լ 
լֻһԺδڡ۽תһȦǼªϲ豭Ǳ˿ڶģóţͷ׾ݣʴҲҲ 
һܣûӰ˼ţسӦδ飬˸ɾµȺ 

жٷԺ֨ѽһ죬һ˽ԺŸƺСһεߡ 
˿ȫڣ۲δƣҲ죬Ѿƺһ̣ͳӣȼţžһˣʱŵһŰγ嵶ָŻۺʣ˭ 
Ҳվ𣬾ʮ꣬ķһޣϡǵʱڸ߼ˣ֪ţسˡ 
ţسɣ 
΢ãֻһ˴˼ҹӳĴ磬һҲޣֻѰװҲڲסһƣţسϸòһ£ı˻ݣ̽ʵСү 
ۼϳԼͷ㵹ϵó 
ţس벻۾ȻҹһϲЦʲôϲģСүͬүһģһСһ֪ӵˡ 
һ˵һߵˮ衣 
ＫپٻһʱˮȥǺﵹˮˣҲû˼ȣֱ㣬Ҿ˾˵Ǽ¿ģ 
ţسȻ⣬Ѿ˼ҼֵܣЩôʱ֪ˣϲ֮ȴ֪Сү˵ļ£ 
ɨһۣЦǰԶأݵӣҪ˵˵˵Ҳɵ㣬ȴĪָһǰöȥ 
ɫһȻӺѵʱףţسȻһҪӸʱˣæСүĪŭСϹЩһʱûļ£¼ˣض֪޲޲ġ 
̧ۣһ˫Ӷסţسɣ˵粻үӣģ 
ţس˫ۿþһ亹սǧȷǺȷȻүĹѪ 
ˣðβ£ֻһ޲ţسѰ۵ô£ԭԭҽһ顣 
ţسɲҵ룬ǵôʮǰ˵ˣ꽭ϼ˼̰٣գϼˣҪүȥһǲսǷ˰ͨӾ˵־ǡ 
˵䣬ţ޲ͣԷģһһүݸһ±ն˼ݹ٣ι˰·ݣ°˳ˣүϾ㾭档һʱײ˾պѣλҵĹӡλӦͬүԨԴСĵʱү࣬үߵܣȵġʱӳײãĽĽˡ 
һ˿壬˲Ϣţ£ţسֻԼۻԽȥ 
λƺͷͬү˵Щ£СҲ󶮣̸ֻ͸¶ЩҪ鷳չ޶ͷ˻Ҵȴ̩ɽ̩ˮһǰˣݸ 
˵Ҳ֣λүҲʶõģһгӾҲүҪӽݵĸۡ˵ǻæտӵĶͷˣӦˣͽүԯԼˡ 
ʱµУƫɸĸ˫ɷֲߣ񲻴ãүҪ˵ò࿰㣬ûñȵģƫүڣСʱүߵʱҲˣûү˭ôĹһүˣһվڻ԰סС˰죬˸ţүûʱڽѧգһγ˶λ˾Ȼģү˼һ飬ףȴ֪ģûӦүؾףû˽ϣû뵽ټĽȴѳˡ 
ֹ£Ӽҵǰţ˵öͷˣһ˹ȥЩСүȫݵҽΣ㱣ôСƽүѣ˵үõĲǣȴܼүЦеģĵúܣ˶óүŸñҪˡ˭֪û£λӾȻˡ 
۱һ𣿡 
ţسɺٺһЦСĵϢҲСүһȵúܣү˵ɫɷףð춼û񣬱ˣڻӡСĳүʵںˣʱ˸۶ĸ˺棬˵ʱСıڻ͵ 
ԭͷ̫ǰЩթǶͷ֮ʱٰҪ˶ԷһͣӻطˡСү¿Ҫѹˣ˭֪үȴ˵СˣӲթˣƽ׺÷Ķһ˵ûˣʱһѪ˳СڶǵǸ̬֮Ĳ̡ 
ţسһ˵һ̾һɫһֶ֮˻ȥŵλӱʹ֮ʧǵˣүæ˽˴ȥáүҪ壬ү֪ĶŪŮʬװڹײӡʱȵúܣʬˣҲ˹餰ᡣʱˣһߣүҲװؾһ˻ϽԷã¸күֽ磬Сүλֵˡ 
ԭеһ˿ָҲûˣֻһ׹ţس½ȥ 
һүף˵ԸߵչĸӣǲӦģӾ˼ܲסүˮĥּүȫĸҲˡ 
Ǹź˿ɶ֪𣿡 
֪үƺʱǽй۰˾үɵ³裬ү 
һݣ㣬˭֪£ 
ţسָͷСģֻӷ塢ФѺǵүµүӭȢ˺󣬸ӷ塢ФѺСĸ˹ְָһӣС뾩ФѺͷӷ¾ЧСľͲ֪ˣݸʱĸشһְϼȥˣСû 
ǣֻû˵ 
ţس˵գѿڸˮ¶ǣһĨ죬ľţֻСү̫һʱ޴룬ɴߵСүɻȦأЩö⣬һճСҲ󣬲ٸԭְֻҪ˵һС̱ȥ˸֤ 
δ˵꣬ǰӰһΣĿڱһͷһʵ˳ֱԼţֻ¶һص 
һ±ֻڵʯ֮䣬ţسҲδгһֱֱˤϣûϢ

ڶʮ 

֪˶ãƻ˼ĻȻֱʬףγţسǰֽһӣӣƬ̣𽥽ȼһƬųݣһԾ˷ 
Ȼ֪࣬𾪵Ըӣи˹ɷ֮ƫ²ʲȥԹ״ԼԴ˾֮ģҹȴţسɿеֱ֪֮٣һʹѿŭ֮һظУֱԺá 
йӺĽλ˿пһˣֻڹǰһյơ 
ľȻվŸλһʱֻƿЦ˭뵽¹Ŀƭȡޣֽ֮˵ȥʱӢɨء 
֪࣬ң㣲ƽʱָӺλһͨЦЦˣĿһתŶĽλʱַ 
۲δλĽǰòֻСĸ׿е֪ˣΪǺĹ֮շ֪ˣɺ棬ǸʲôŮӣģϧҳҲҪӭȢš뵽˴𻳷磬ʱͨ˸׵һղܵ޿κΣĬΣ常λȻһЦ֪֮ޣȴ뷽跨ƭֵ֣֪ܣƫ̲סǱ֮£һ޳ܱɣ׸ɡ 

ճյߵߴҹƽ߳ãԾɻط뻳ͬ齹ߣֻ˯ţһֻۣϸϸ滳˯գʱܵ˯ðȣڰ಻ס׻紽꣬аֵΣٵһһ㶼ҵܵܣԵȫ 

գһˣͷ𼸼Ҿ˻ոɾԲģйѯʡ 
λ󣬲ҵҹˮ˼ո⡣ 
ˣ 
ֻ˵ڶҵһͷǴģذȾƣ˺Ļҿʱвһδ˯£ӵüʱûˡ 
꣬һضתȥҸ͢ʣֻ˵ţسʧˣ֤ʧ˾ǴǰҲ˵ 
͢ԭѶϣһ˱û⣬۱ѰӾĸ׳Ȱο䣬ʹ˽¸ 
֪¸ϵش˳Ӽð֮ݷ֮ΪŻʼ棬Ҳһ֪ʵǸĸһΪԻĸӲ𣬲ǸǺ£˲ܣܵԭֵࡡԶ˼֪ʵ飬סǴסֻһƱزܰĸ־Σһ뼰࣬ʹ뷽跨˸շ 

Ԫ˿ӯӰ涣ʮȥ˵ʤգϳɵĶҲסȻͿ 
ڸ貢Ȥǽ¹Ĺ𻨳ĺϿζ˼ǵ̫ӻǬĿҽˣ㵹źȾƣҲû㲻顣 
ﴽЦˣۣ֬һһ裬ܿۡ 
˵һִЦʣ̫Ӳȥ£ȴ֣㲻ڻǶͷ 
ǬЦýָţԤպҹϳݵģ֮йĿʵҪ£֮˵˵ҪȥΪ̫귨µðҹܻعҹǿˣȶΪ಻Ϊ˭˵Щʲô 
̫󣬻ɫһݣ˵̫շΥͣģ 
ǬЦݣ̫ͣӴǰʱһ϶δȬһʱЩһʱЩ̫ҽԺҽ֨֨˵񲻴á 
һ 
ĬƬ̣Ǭͻʡһ£ʵôûˣȥٹ밲̫߶ȥл糣ٹ̫˵˵ 
۽һһĨ΢ɼΣ漴ͷձ 
˵Żһ֧ݵŨ֮ɴɼ価һ棬Ǭ˼ָŵЦмɫչ˵ģ㿴˰죬ĸģ˵ҽ͵㸮ϡТڽǰռڸҲʹõġ 
Ҳ룬Ȼܾء 
Ǭ´д˼Ϸʣĸ˵ޣʮŹ಻УһʣղˣȾɫ벻۵Ļ治֪ʲôŮӲ⣬ĥţҪѰɷų⣬ҪôΣҲµĿɶԣ 
۲ÿɷ΢΢һЦ۵ӹ߷ 

Ӷ۾ֱظٽԺţſûţ֪粻йһʣ˵Ƕүڻ԰Ųһתȥ˺Ժ 
Ļ԰ȻѰۡɱȣҲ˵滨ݱľѵһľ£˿ͣ㣬ƵϼĿ 
԰ƹͨŲŲ֮ĵһĨ飬ɼӿ첽֮˳߿յִӰ 

ִһȫעһһʽӯת 
һ׽ѩԭĵ֮Īʽдʹǧɾʹڻʵٺò۳ظʱ㴫ϰǾý⾫裬ʽɱиۺǸҲҪһ 
ߵһפ㾲ۣһɽϱЩο֮⡣ 
ү 
ػʷͳҲ书֣һ׽ʹԲת⣬Ŀԣߵ󷽲žһû۰ֹסᣬȻ˳԰ȥ 

ϰ书Щʱղżͣ¼𽣷ʹһѩűһ׿ʮʽ 
ʮʽȡǸ⾳ƿش뻳ľĲʹ˼ɬۿ˼ʽҡһҡͷ̲סָ㡣 
һн֡ 
һȥ軺һЩ 
һ˵һ㱱ƻصֵ֮ܺʱһ磬漴Ŀڷ˿˿ۣһƼɱᡣ 

⽣һʽɺ磬糤绮죬ӦǴƲľ̵ֱ֮Ŀڡһʹֱ۶ת˲Ϯǰ 
۸վţһҲգۼмǰȻ΢ЦӣĿоݳ硣 
Ȼһ޲ͱһٵͷƳɫļһһƫؿһ䣬пʣһϬӦء 

һʹòạֱ̃ôбʽ𣿡 
ڷһ˲йɱüһЦ 
촽Ҳ⣬ǿվţһ˫۾ȴȥ磬Ũ޴£סĺͫʡ 
ۼһίӣһʱȥգ粻⻹޼ɵɫһףˤ˽תߡ 
ߵԶˣʰϱ΢΢һЦ 
֪ԹߣȴҲƶ̵ܵܲԼ˼ĿζɻȻһʱϲѱ档

ڶʮ 


ʼҵҹͬһ£޷Ǻɲһڻӹûʽλϯһһо⣬ҽ̫ز¶棬ûһСھǰξнּ˵ЦСġ 
翴űƣһһ 
ۿ˼ס˾ƺĪҪˣϸǰʧǡ 
˱ӡۿۣʱ磬̫ǻδЪ£Ȥȥٹ̫˵˵ϯɢȥ㡣 
һ룬һȻ˳ȥ 
ֹʱʺ뾰ҲȺˣһɻӹЦ֣۱ٹȥһҪ˵ǽˣһС̻صһûʺеĻƹˣ 
һ׷ʣ֪ȥʲô 
СһԺūֻƹ˵ǻʺټʲôȴ֪ˡ 
ɫ΢䣬ٲ飬תʺڵɱ 
֮ƣĪ˵ܣҲ񣬻Ī־壬ʲôҲ˲ˣṦʩչʮ֣һ·ԾǰУ㵽 
ʺʱŻعãδЪеƻͨŮԾɸ˾ְмڵţǻʺгͣЩŮ̾㶼ʶҴҽ 
үôʱֻ﹬£ 
ʶ̽г壬ǳڻʺǰźģæ¼ĽµѾɢˣҪظ˵ͷȥͨһ 
һүԴ˵ȥԻ۵˵Զ˾ƣֲ·ڣּүվߡ 
۱طæֹʧֳ֮ײ˵ֶ﹬еĵʵϣҴߵĺá 
˵꣬ɫֵδ˯Ͷȥ˵ 
˵űҪ 
æű£ЦүĪū˵ȥ 
ææȥһ˶ٷżѯʱһ˦ɫּӼɡ 
ڳһƣǱǻʺּܲΥ಻룬ֻǿЦ 
ּһĵū࣬Цͻ۳˹š 
ֻΣߵ䴦ˣһסֱʵʹ»磬µ𣿡 
岻ʵֱףɫһ䣬֨֨Ǹ˵ 
ۼԽľ߬סֲֻ֪ս˫Ŀ͸һ 
ס־۵ðֱУүϢŭūʵǻʺּж˵ 
һʱ鼱أһع֣ŵǿС 
һʱļأ﹫ĪҪǹ֡ 
嶢壬۶ֱˣһ̣Ķҹһү˵ﻰūűҲҹ 
¹Υֻּܲǵֵܣ֪Щʲôܼһ 
λүһŭ֮Լ᲻⵽ֵ壬תͷһȦܺûӰѹɤӵʵү˵ȷȻ˸Ѻˣ֪ʲôֻ˸ϰ졣 
˵꣬첻۳¹£ֻһ׵͸ 
ã۷˻ŵл 
˵תߡ 
һΣ̼ɿ⣬ֱӣ૵üһ˵үһգûţ 
һ߬۵ֱۣӻߺŸ 

һ·Уֱȥ˶ 
˿̶ȻҲšһݱԽǽԺڣײһѲҹĽһѾסͷʣ̫ӻعûУ 
ͷǶĶָʹʶûۣһ㶵û 
ž죬Ҫν廳ɫʱ˻ȥ 
ĸ£˺Ԫһڽʿ֪̫ͬ̾ţ´Υ̬Ըв죬ȴҲ˸ 

ʱ̣һ̫֮Ծ·̴æӭӡ 
Ǭе̫ԪһСܵǰյ̫Ӷߵ£ڵеһʱʲô˲õļ£ɫÿ 
Ǭ֪õϲŭɫܽõμıȻС£￩һ£Ҳ˲ƣ鷿ҡ 

ʮ֧۴ֵĺ鷿ӳ磬ֻƻ貣ȥһ֮ɫ 
羹Ȼǡǡ͸ 
껳ǻǬΰ̲࣬ס 
ʧķˣᵶᰮҲͰˣҲһŪµãףһӢٲ˵ʼδ棬Ī˵ʣĸƲ׮ȥȻζĸҼҽһ˰޹ң񾾲ʼٸߣ˴ûкη 
ǬŭѣȥסתʮȦӣٿڻǰͣ£ָõܱȴô˵ֵ֪˵زʲôá 
۵˰ҹѴӻ侲̫ӳֻ֪˸ߣǷ֮δ֪ϼңֻȥ̽Щڷ磬ΪԲ߲١ 
ǬΣ֪׵ܣҪɣ 
˵Ȼһ۵ӹһĨ֣˻䲻ӵܣȴһֱҸ磬ұ㵱ǵܵܣȻҪοⱾǸһжԲĸӣﲻԩ˵ʵ˼ðһƱǣ׵ΪΪܹܲ档 
ǫƬ̣̾˵ǣչ磬ҪֿѰʵףҪҲ棬ĺá 
һ룬һұȥĸôҲػȥˣЪɡ 

ȰףǬȥһҹߣֻڶȺ 
ʱǬŻݺҲ˵˼Ȧۼӣ˰أҲˡ 
ĸ֪粻ˡ 
ڣǬˣסĸ˵ţسˣ˾˽ĸĸʼǽŽɣһҼҵˣһ˸г顣֪µʱǰЩӾˣ˸ûҵ֤ңǸзӷȴ˵żһἰ飬ӷؿƿѼҺʱʰ˳˸մ˻ؾĸ֤ɽ뷭ǲˡ 
ֽű 
ԭͷ󻼣Ω˾֤ãɱţس֮Ǵȥսʱ͵Ϯ˻ڣֻ㲻㣬벻ӷ崦и飬񹦿һ񣬱ؾء 
ĸǶȥʣֻǣҼңĸȦʮ꣬಻Υĸּܲûʲôתˡֻǲ֪˸ʱ 
֮Ǵ˵Ǭסڲԣ۰磬µ˵ܡ


ڶʮ 

˸ڻʳǶһ磬Ժ˵ϴҲ˵СȨƣδ̸ܵӺһųȴǲСĪ˵þ߱ȱ𴦽ĩһԺеηҲ̲θɾöࡣֻŵĲױǹݣһʱѣѱ鲻ָ˳ʴηҲͲҹڼªȥλε̸ͭջδһӦȫ 
۸һ̤ηƳͭбһʹǲɽһֱߣ¼ˣȻһľսƫ˸ִ۵Ҳȱ𴦺Щ˻ǵĳ棬һŵ˱ȴסǣ·ǸԾɲүףҲ˸Ĺأ˷ռ࣬̽ӣ̫飬ٲñҪһ棬ֻҲСǵѴĪҪ̫ãСĲͷ 
ƽʱƫ˵زȱƿСﲻûʲôʴŭҲֻѹˣãȻΪѡ 
ǲ۱㲻£Żߡ 
ηͳ߰˼䣬ŻߵͷһǰԿ׿үСıͷš 
һ䣬һ룬ûзŶ 

ηֻɷԲǽһľһΣþ߶࣬һϥţֻ˼ذ£ͷûڣɢ¶мһݵס 
۴ܣһգգδգۿһȣ嵽ǰһ˫ֽס˫磬ôݳӣ 
߰չ򣬻ԲһȦ򤾹˼ģֻһ˫ۻִֺڣ۽˼ 
ϸϸһȦϲˣ԰ģֻͷžЩ֣һۡ 
ˣô 
һ꣬۱ʡȻǻȻٴһ˰ɺ滻Ҳʱŭա 
ڻϣ۲£Ҫ§ס˰οʵҲǵ𣿡 
һһӹ 
˫۾ĺһͣɣһɬһֱ缺ͬ޶¡ 
һڣһѩ׵ɫһ˿ѪɫҲޡ 
Ǿˡ 
˵꣬һ˫бȫȻֻʣ˰˿ãʹû 
¡̫Ҳ֪ˣ취ʺЩʱͷϣɿڣֻЩӣҺ̫̫¶ּȥ 
һļ£ӿϹɴδйңеس԰˵꣬ȴԼҲȷиʮְա 
׼Ȼ˼ţǱһһֵܣҶȻῴѡ 
һ˵ţȴͷϥ䣬 
ʹ§ס촽͵͵ֻܰģ̫󲻶лϣУǽҲȻȥ 
˵꣬ݺģſֳη 

ǲ۹Ȼţ۳Ҳ໰ߣеηڴͣ˽Ųһ򹪣Сְڣ䣬үߣˡСĲԶ͡ 
η޹⣬۷˼ڱ𴦣˳࣬ʱһֻ˰ϸԴһۣ룬˵ȴһƵᣬĵʲô 
С˻ġ 
۵ͷгŰƱݹֵӹæЩıӣµǮźȾưɡ 
һƱٿһҲЦģ˫ֽӹϲ̵үģСĶȻհ졣 
΢΢һЦ˸ 
⣬ǣȺ򣬼ӳһԲУæϡ 
ȥĶ 
 

ٹɫ̫ҽԺԺ͵´һҽŵȻղؼңֻǷӿ˼أҩּ壬ȴ̫ٱɽ 
վڵ⣬Ů̶ҩˮһĳȵףؿһơ 
̫Ȼ𣿡 
ٹܹ빫ĨһĨᣬصү̫ⲡԽնģͷ컹Ƭѣ⼸Ҳˣ̫ҽ˵ֻҡͷѾּ׼ˡ 
㵽ײ㣬ƶ̫ϧ磬Ȼ᲻ÿ⼸밲䣬δ̫Ӳʱڵⲻɫ󲻳٣˭֪գۼ̫ԼҲǲ֮һ·ۼǶˡ 

ٽɫ谵۷ٹڹΣתȥ͵ 
͵⣬Ů̹һŽգһ˿ϢţƽǱƵ˴ĳѹ֡ 
ڵֻյ蹦򣬱˳ǰϿͣ˭Ҳүذɡ 
һʵֻңǽҲһδ 
һ㶣ЦүĶȥˣǻֶϣĶֵϱˣү˵̫飬ѣ̫ǰ밲δټ 
ͣһͣȰүȻذɣͼء 
͹ 
ʱǵ޿˼һ˳ 

գ͵ 
֮󣬶ݣüͷ΢šţһַ£ʵͷţ 
һͷء 
һ٣۲ŭɫСʵѹʱϵ治 
ۣЦΣҪ˻ʺҪɱƫĸ 
˵Ҳķಽŵ˴ǰ͸죬¹һˣԶ˿ݣͦñֱﾹ˿δԶԶҲ֪һ̳̬֮ 
⺢Ӹһӣۡ 
۲ٿ˴⣬վסҡͷüܻʱ㲻ͣҪȢŮΪΪѣȥ˻ôһ鷳֮ӣ٣ɵĳҲ˹ȥ¶·ʺ󽻴ڽ 
̾һȥͷּعˣȥɣĪҪΪѡ 
ȥˣһߣ˵ǻһղϼһգūȰ˰죬ʵȰ 
һҪЮ𣿡 
ЦӵޣҲѧܺãܺãˣǱŰɡ 
һذġ 

˸һྲڴϣһ˫ֱա 
ѺʮգʱԼǸ˹ݣ̻󲻰Ȼñʱ飬ͷ£಻ˣֻеԴһ˿룬˭һвǳ龪˭֪һοһ˿ͷҲ˸ɾ 
δ¶ﲢȴקµۣһš 
ðǸʲôȻףӲܸ֡ĸ裬кӺϧмӣʮ길ռԼԼȴ֪ӺȻֲΪ˭Կһ˱Ǵ֮ʹⲻ˵ĺã̾ᣬݴ⣬һ뵽ڤãֹס־ĪȻȻ뵽ջߵ֮ʣзһתͬһ齵龰һ֪ԼⷬȻҲӲģʱһƬĻ䡣 

ڶʮ 

һʱʹһʱ˰գǰٰཥľҲ޲ 
˿ѽʱʱͷȴ˼ǵãҲֻһŷ 
ʱź֨ѽһˣ½ˣһ̣ǻʺܹ̫Ԫ 
ԻˣһƳ䣬ֻ䣬ǸԴỴ̈жһ촼ƣʱһƬҰףѪֻһѼϸɤۼҷּܲǰͺү· 
ϲʺ㼱ɴҪԼͰ׵ӣб絶һ㣬ǱƷ 
Ԫɹֹһ⣬˷֮ǰ֮״öˣｫĿϣЦð֮ôҲǸѵκƣôڹﲢ֪ҹ˼ɻʼ棬ּôȫʬҲ컯Σʹʹ˰ɣһͶ̥±ӵǸӻء 
һ̱˵꣬β綯ȵòͷҪӲ࣬δȴӻΣ 

һƽ˳죬Ψһ಻ոĺһ˿֮˿ٱǰ𾪱߹ȴУ͵ߣаһ˰ˣá 
ͷȥ 
Ǿһ˳븹Уֻƹѩס˰㣬֮һƬľû֪Ҳģ̣֮ԺȴֳֻݣʵĸĻҪȥˣ֪ѹгۡ 
ֻҲֻһ˲漴ǰһڣˤڵأʹûϢ 

ʱԪָǶˣȷϢȫޣԲģְһ϶Ȼ͸ˣЦ濴µˬ죬Ҳʡۼҷ¡ 
°꣬ҪȥּҲ̧űߣδȥһʵʹʬδã 
Ԫס˽Żͷüۼв֮⣬Ƕõģհǡ 
˴һ֣ΪѣĶǹݣʬԾͻԸϣ˵ײףСҲ֪Ǻã빫ʾ¡ 
Ԫһ͵ʡʺԸͬĿһ±ضҲδ֪ϵʱվ˲Ż¶Щⰲ鼱ʹȻʱ˻ʬȥΥʺ֮⣬پ֣䣬Ѱ죬Ѳˣһʬ׽ȥҲ벻꣬аΪѣѰ˾ǡ 
ԪüһЦ㵹ף㴦ñá 
˷ģʩʩȻȥˡ 

һߣ㽫ʬ̧˳ȥ«ϯһϣųȥ˳ⶫҷ¡ 
ҷԭǸڣɽˮµҲȥЩʬ˶ˣƽһЩ˼ľصأҲͣϯһľҲɥ£ö֮˸ԲĴسһҹҰȺûרʬͷǵ䲻˵ʬҲȥɢȥǿɲҲֵûţ˶Ըˡ 
佫ʬ˵ʱδʱسв˼ֻֻҰžʬһ˿㶼ˡѰ˸յر㿪ʼڿӣһס֣Ҳˣɡ 
ǽĵȴӴ䲻ôҲģŰүֵûպǰѰʬаᣬ²׵ҰȥպҪʬǺáۣȻسȥﾡҾǣȥϺþƣòңұ㶼ˣΣ 
һЦ֪ѣãô죬ȥٵϴȻس£ʰ˸ϻȥɡ 
̶ͷ¡ 
һߣڼ±ס֣²tһȷˣһĿӣŲɣſ˼ǺŵľȥʱٳͲʵʵĶ⿪Ǿ߲õʬһϮϸ£ͬǼ޶£ҲƣֻʬѪģѿĿ 
ʬ屾Ԥµģʱڳϵǲڵǳȥｫ۰ʬˣˣ˸ͷ 
һ꣬ٲʱȥｫʬ˳ڼϣбС֣ɽһ· 

ɽڲԶжҲ͵ˣĽŲͣ˳ɽҵѾõɽȥŵϡ 
ɽưܲɽү̥һ룬ȥȡƿƳָǯ󿪻࣬漴̧ǾƱ˶ȥ 
ⷬˬݣ˾ƿһԾȣԼĪյ蹦򣬺һȣǴӵʬֹƬʱƤ˶˿ 

ڵϣһۣıǰɽ񣬲һȻǵܵظֻ޳ô֣ 
ɺ䣬˵Сүˣɣɾ˿Ҫ䲡 
תͷһһԣϤ˸￴Լġ 
Ҳˣ 
ǲ죬ȻȻͬһ𣬺еʱĵ֮ҪΪԼš 
Ի󲻽⣬ĵûҲûСүúûš 
һ֮أɻô£ 
Сүؾţӳˡ 
ļĿ¶䱸ЦСүСԭǰʱ̹үģܹĸ״ѣСȻֲʴ뷨һ˳Сĵ֡ 
ҵôȴǵã 
Ӻ˳ڶһ֣˲ʡԼ鼱֮ȴֲ֪γƺӲĳɰ 
һŤȻӲ˫Ŀȴүʱ̥СĴȥһְʱҲδأȻǲ֪ġ 
һ˵꣬ʱ޹ģʳĻ˲ʱҡүߵ֪˭˵ܹĸ׶ݣô£ 
˵ˡ 
̾һͳҳز۵ݸ磬ȴϣ 
Ӵ£ǲģӹˣǺ壬֪ıȻһ׼м 

ʰ޳һɾطЩɲû£ĻʮǰˡҸүȥ϶פʱĸףʱŻУıˡ 
 
̲ס 
үͬĸǾʶżǸˡңүһֱߵܣǼ㶼ƺӣĸ׽ˡ 
ĻΣ۾΢΢񣬡ǽˣ书ȸߣÿ֣һдδǰɫɫҲǼģ֮ȴѷɫ࣬ʤӦǾ丹ʫԻվһһˡ 
ʱ˺ܴ鷳Ҫȡջ޶ͷ˻Ҵ游ĸͻȻһʱ޼ƿʩݡү֪Ѵ㽫˰Σһе˽ԯշ֮Ҫ˭׾٣Щ书ͬ͢ԡӼпǷģֻȥӦǰ֮١ֻͷƼŹ±㴫ӱϢ 
˵ʲôҵѾˣ 
ʼĳʱƲס 
೤һ̾ǰǰѵһСֻһ棬ϢʱѹĸףĹǧٱˡʱףجıȥЩСҵүټҽηűסĸЩʱүңٰȰ⿪ο˱ң뵽йѪǿ 
ۺ飬ʵǡ 
ҡͷСı֪ˡ

ڶʮ 


ʱĸ֢ڲʹСļڻؼ̷үǡǼ֮᪻ģСݹĸײ֢Сһӣⷽ䲻βȴֹʹĸʱ۵شҩºܻ˯ȥܣֻǻʱϢȫޣһ㣬۾ȥٹһھȥ˱ѹҩĸȥʱ޶ʹߵǰꡣСɥػصƽıʱ֪ѼүСӶˡ 
˵һۻ磬˶٣Сһ˵£֪үǽӵĺԼ˸ˣֻȴǲ֪ܽġСһү½ϵļֵܹȻڸﵱˣСԭػظµ˼ҲϨˣ˸ı˸£ҲġСһʮ꣬û뵽ռãСı֪Ƕ·֪ˡС˷ݣү֮壬ôҲܿѲǣ㰴ǷҩڷȥˣŪ˳ȥɶƹСļǾ֭֬ɫʱòҩĺˮƵ˰ʬ׸˳ 
˵꣬һСү˾֪ˣƽٲܴǸϽɡһӺͼѣϵƥڱߣϺߵԽԶԽãǧĪٻˡ 
˷֪лת˲Ҫġ 
һεˣʱ·ֻٽѣ֪ǰ·಻֮٣ǿˮϡ 
ϵϣȥǣӹһҾٲ໰ȥ 

͵Уһۣһɬʵʲôʱˣ 
ʱ̣һ۵е©ʾôˣϽλ﹬ţūȥš 
ãŷ嵭ɫ޾á 
ּҪߣֽо۽סæţȥ濴ˣ 
ӦȥˣһʱԾͬʱһ˿δ 
һﾰɫСѾһˣϥҲסô򰡡 
һÿɷ񣬶Ųյ񣬺һ̾˿ɡ 

۹ãվտ˫ҲľǰּһӾûվһᣬˤסһֱֻۣ㻺һվֱ߽ȥԾɱֱ¡ 
ۼȴ˵Թ˺Ȳ裬ãǱ޷Ӧ㲻ѽ 
ҡ 
һδʳˮʱڣɤ˼ɳƵͰ 
˼⻳ 
۲ɫ˵ȥ±Դϴ𣬲֪ð֮ʵǻ֮˴ʧʣʥ뻹һ 
˼㵹֪ͦѲֵˡ 
նصգӻӣ൱׵ܣףȻֵ֮һϦɢ˵ף׵֪һ֮»ػѰȪ 
վҡͷЦĸʮأʺҪĸһ޶ţ֪ 
һĸ䲻ɣϾްسָտɴֺαضҪ緽ͷ֮ޡ 
Գߵͷȥϣ䲻ǸȴҲڻʼʮ꣬ʮʲûһϧ֮𣿡 
ԣ⼸ֶлϥµ龰վ޶ԣ˫Ŀнһ顣 
ˣ 
⵽ǰĻۼͷд㣬ȥ˸˰ɣֻ⣬λȴˣӴ˷Ϊ˰ɡ 
ϲɫʣлϣ 

˸ηԿźƣϼС˰ڷֻ˻ãֻûȵģһڴһŭСŸһλԲӷҲһߴһµ˸ôүΪ㲻ʷ̨ϱ𣿡 
˸Ī 
۽վס˽ţ΢΢һЦʥּǰּˣԼЩͨĪ֡ 
һ˵꣬Īɫ䣬ƻһԵԿҲһֱи֡ 
һƳԿ䣬ҲĪԽ޴ҵȥţʹߡ 
ִͳ籣ĪʥּĪҪһ飿 
Ҳңү˵ʥּȻġ 
Ī벻ʺֵּּɿһСˣֵŪĳ 
һʾ֭λظүǱԿòȥţһȺۣȾ͵ʵ顣 
үˣʱ㱻ʺˡ 

˵ʲôãʵᣬϲ 
ԿƷŭӣӴЩ֮ԭԭһ飬ĩ˵Ľʬȥ˶ҷ£ʱְҲûˡ 
꣬һƬţԿͬĪŻɫҲҳ˰Σ۵ȥ￴ 
˶˻ʲô 
Կ⣬һĹ򣬲ӺסһȻǰŴһ˫۾İ޹⣬ɲ 
Կһ½Ҳ˸ҲˣûŲӿš 
ǿտҲ֣վſڲԲӾһǿˣʵǣǰû˦֣ȥ 

ĴɽҷͣһͷʵųŹرǰüŲߡ 
ߵ;ǰʮＱ۶ת˲ǰ嵱һݣʱһ 

ɫҷȺֻһ˫˫۾ڤ˸һ˶ִ࣬ѣҪߵǰٷʬˡ 
İ;˻һȺָϳһطүˡ 
ͷͰֻſľƣ顸硹֣ȴҲޡ 
ۿ֣һѣΣ۵˴ǻﾾǧٵһڣȴֻһ֣ڣ 
һ˵ģҪõȥĳϷҳͷģǺסˣһۣǰͽְ 
ǼһҲмһͷһ֡ 
ǷֻһĵʵЩȴɵģֻٷǳһ«ϯ˿ֻһ۱㾪סˣһվڼԶĻۣеүڵˡ 

ۻһǰһͣסˣǿã˹̶̼·ȴ˼Ȫ 
«ϯ¶һʬһϮεĽۣǻ۵еǼֻʬѪģȻ治ԭò 
ʵôˣ 
ıҰʱûϲҧʬСڿʱȥ⣬ʬڵϣʱֻҰΧ˺ҧСĸæʯͷɢˣʬϻǸҧˡ 
˵赭дȴģʱɤһŻѪ 
ү 
Ǽ״һæסȴһƿۼ¡ȥڵأʬڻ


ʮ 

ɫȫȻ͸һ𣬴ûҡҡէէ䣬ʬڵأ˫ĿһƬãԶȮͣһҹɾ䣬ɫˣȻҷ֮Уܱ߹㿣Ŀɭҵľ󣬾ⱳ󷢺 
۽§סʬһʱֻؿڿյģһȥ֪޾֪˶ãʹһ˿һƵ 
ʬãȻ佩ֱյͣմมȴŲ֡ 
Բɵ˰㣬ǿʵľŽգܲɱҷضһޣɳȰүүȻȥˣΪĺã㱩ʬҰ⣬үȪ֪ȻҲġ 
˵꣬Ϻһ»ĪĹȵʧķ裬޴䣬һ£ʬվ 
ү 
ظ 
ңʹֻ֪֮ܽűҪ 
үүɣ 
Ǽ·ȣθȥҪʬӹ 
˼ȫȻڴ˴㱼ƻصǰƬããԭԼ˵Ļطιأʱ⻤ֵܣϽˣˣȴԼܣʱʱ̸̿ߣ׷ҲԼۼ֣ͻȵ˭Ҳ 
򾲳ȣ˿ȴ˫Ŀ̬ʧǵԽĶ֣үذɡ 
ã۷侲˵ͷ 

ɫ£һӵ˳ȥѸ˷صءҲԶȥ̾һ˻ȥ 

ʱҹ۱ʬֱԺһ·ײ˾һǵСŮȥ 
ܹܼ̽ӵŶ֪ʲô£վŲ֨˵ʬǻ磬㶼ֹס 
̧һͰˮ 
۷Ը꣬ԽԺȥ 
һʱˮ̧ע裬۱ҪΪϴܹܼҲ벻ҲҪΪףҪʬӹȴ˳ȥ 
ˣ۱ʬڴϣȥѡ֮£֮±ỺΨ־˻ˡ 
⵽㣬ضסʬ衡ǿ¡֮һ˿ϮŰ㣬ȥ 

ǵ˲ȥԺţΣſˣ߳Ը̣ȥϴ¡ 
ֶܹܼҵһ߹ľװᵽȥ 
ĿƽȻָƽ̬ 
Ǳǵģ־糣Ǿ壬ֻõŵ¡ң۷ԸȥǸл 

ҹѱգûüسǣڳũסһޣϻ˸ŽǴţظ 
˿̸Ȼãһ߽˿ľףָ׸ǣΣĵһЦۿģ 
ǣľƣүԼ£ʱ㵹زСĿġ 
ʬ˳ȥģ 
СĺԿһȥġ 
ڵģģ 
СڵģҲСġ 
Աһıվһʱһλүʹϧ֮ײ¶࣬ʼ֮ܣֵҪ˽˷һй¶ȥѱ㶪Ǵ⽫ȥظҲԽΨ˵¶š 
ֻǧСģȴ֪Լ¶ϴ 
ȥƵģ´δ⴫ε֪Ѱʬ硡ߴΰһ֮±֪˵һ˼Ѱϴɵ㣬ʬѪģǷϳʬף˻ȥкãҲֻл˷ֵֽšͨйϣ۱˼ʱ鶯ʱɵͷϣ˿̼СĽ䱸淢ӡ֤ɲ飬һĵʱȸԾҪ쳤Ц 
ŻĿĪ⣬ֺ¶һϲʤɣλүǺμƽϣ䣬ܹܼҽүլȥˣӱϣ׵үͣͷ߻Ǽʱᣬүʾ¡ 
ǼٵģҲû˼°ڵլ޺ñ˰ɣѹ 
ܹܼҴӦһߣʱһƳۣⲻ㼸ʱֻ 
ܹܼǸ˶һӲȻʶӺʱģĸ𣬿һ۱㲻ܹܼ˼ȴСʮ꣬һ½г 
ļ㲻ȥٺһЦûϣӹǻӲʣ 
˵˫ĿӥֱЩźãүС˸ﻹвҪ죬ٲȥӦîҪˣү£Сиˡ 
˼ÿɷ﷢ëҲæŵĨͣƴˡ 
ܹܼҲ֪˳һֲʣһͷˮߣû۽סʵ˵ 
ܹܼһǡ 
׵ 
߰ꡣүСʱҲǼģӾԶǵˡ 
ܹܼһһ̾˿Ҫ˵Ӹǰһ˳òôĳȴȣ壬ϧ˸ǵ겻ǣӼ˳ȥôҲǸƷĽˡ 
Ŀоһ漴ѱ棬ǹ 
һʱǽ۷Ըӽ˶Ǹģһһϸ 
ֻĪ֪ӷʲô裬ϸȴʣȥˡ 
пһˣڲסĻϲһǹײģһĨǳЦ૵űá 

ľ֮Ǻ¶̫Ҳᣬ۳һgѳɸͷ𴦣ֽǮ裬ۿʪȣһ󷢶¡ 
۰磬º򸸻ĸ飬ȴϹһ񣬵ûܱסܵԲԣǻƱʵϲοȻסҲʹȻ˾Ȫ֮£иĸ۰ջδĲǺ¡ 
ǬȻѹ˿ֻ̼΢ɫͦ˹ԾοЦŵͷ 
ϣһسǣǬһĸѸɾĸּĸλ֣Ϊ̫ձɰظС 
۾ţһʣһǬŤͷȥֻ˫Ŀգˡ 

¶󲻾ñǸԶ;ճзһֻ֣̫ǰްˣТ󳼼Ҳƣͦϲһ塣 
۸̤븮ţһ˿֮Ի԰ʱŭʲôӣô 
ʱ˻̫˵ڣȲ磬ֻиּ༸ӦҲʹõġ 
üͷһ԰ӡ 

Դ۳Ļ泩̶̼ݹȻصػһ۽ʱӺݻˮ֮У߰˸ѾͷŽһź򣬸ּǳͳһɰʡ 
øˣȻһЦŵˣãҽгһзǶɣջһڡ 
۲Ŵ̫ǰ˼Ũĸ׻װΣȻãȴֲ÷ӵЩĸ׷ģֻ̫ްֵТڣԾ֮¿ֲˣгزˣԶ徲ɡ 
ʮӣ׳һ뽫ٻ־һ֮Щɺ֮ɫϣֻҲͬӼƽϣǿЦΪ̫һƬТģôŰɡ 
һ֬з㻻㹽 

ùԺ 
Ժһˣסţȴǲ׼˽źһԺӱĿ䡣 
ǼԾţһӦ糣һ˿䶯ϡ 
Щʱ˶ģòʲ䣬Ѱ˼֮ܣֻеһϢžùЩ 
ãһ̾Լȥ


ʮһ 

ƫůʱڣƽҶ棬Уľ·Ұյ㣬ˡ 
ϱĹٵϣϢʱͷո߹ңȴ˲Ъűǽ⣬ֻʣһһС֮ͷңסףֻ¶һֻ°ͣʧٰĻ硣 
ӳƽٲãã޴Ͷ֮ʣ˵ϣ뵽丸ĸ⣬˵бܸ֪Լڣеʱȼһϣһ· 
󣬻ͷһι⣬г˵Ϸ¶ޣҲʵ࣬ҲҵСӺھܾ˽裬ɹɼͲ;һ·ͣ߹Ҳȵ˵ͷ 
һ·ӽ·ȥԶӱ޲һԶнѵ˽ؽ磬Աһʯ籮翴һۣĿ衡»ٳһ˳ǱȥдЪһЪ 
ֻϳԶѷ񿥣㲻ҹۣһЪһ˻˽ǡ 

֮ظó֮ʢԶʤأһ·ӵ˺֮㣬ϱóصأֻǳϽһСأȻϱ̾ۼмַ˽еֻǻһ·أ˼۳;Ǻͽ˼Ҿ¥СŪԼ˶¥÷ 
˼¥ʳʹɢȥõ࣬ٴ£йСˡ 
֮У׼ĴֲѣǷ糾ֻͣһ廪֮ȴǴСٸĲģֻ˲ƷСҲҵϱȥ´ˡ 
¥ǴǶһӵãժ˶ƾԶȴԽһڷ羰Ϸ 
Сĸ˵еļἰҲʱС⣬ڶ֪˵󲻴˵ССҪĽ˼ҿҲ׮£游ĸѹлк˸Ҳδĸ˵䵽˵ͷϣȴһĨڣ˷ܹӿһֲ̿ 
˼䣬ãСһ̳Ӳһ붹ְһ׷к÷ 
绹·ʱԵһͷʱͷûθڣֻ뵽ǰ·δ򲻿ʱָԼӹȥٲǿһڷһڲȥ 

ʱδʱ¥徲˻磬ֻһˣΧӾǾװ磬ᵶ彣һֱ߷ŶǴһ֪ǽˣϱǽ壬˷˳ԵþƺȣһʱߣС˺ƣлЩȤţһüëʮͷһһ⽭⵱˶ռһŶһ뻯óԧ죬͵ǿµŮȻҲĶȥǿ̨Ѿͷʹжһȥŵı滨Ҳ뿿߶վûɵĴӶòס˵ϵܣСƤϵҲ£Ҫϸ˵ҪҲգȢؼҲס̯ϽĸﻹŮĺӹ 
һʮ߰˾׳ӣƤϼ飬һЦСܺγ֪˵ֻѾͷʵÿС⽭ңСԭʲϣ˵ҪףŶһԣǽӮ񰮣ɾСһġ񼼲ˣҲͬѾͷԵкλ˵ 
˵һ̾ҲֻȼѧԨԴķܽȢ绨졣СԸֻ⽭죬ϺһˮƣͬɾҲĸˡ 
ƲϵܾģֻϧŻһʱ첻ˣҪУǿඡ 
һ̨ϽӮĿãôֲˣ 
ͷڣ˹գǽգûһĸʾ̫ǰްţٹɥһڲüȢȻҪѺˡ 
ߣȴҲţһֲԶȻһʱһ 
ĸ 
Ѻ˸ʱ̫ȻأݺȥλĸԼ۰˲۷Ứ˼ڴ֮ͥ£ҿ޳ֻҧס´˻ȥ 

ӿߣǱ߼Ҳɫا䣬ԾԹ졣 
Ǿ׳Եгǵ䣬ͷȰο䣬ԵĻ鲻̿Ȼˣת˻ͷЩûɵģͷϸ緽˵룬ͷϵģһȴδţĪϸ˵İɣ 
ͷڽϻͷˣ֪ЩʣּϲôȤ£֪ʵ٣ЩԸޱͷȤ´ӵ۵㵱ϵ㣬רÿտڴƻơⳣǶʮǰľ£һǽ⣬֮ŮڽߵģȻһҲŮӣȴǽˣһλŮҽĽңһ֮ܣڳҲǴǼǱϣû˵֡ 
⻰УһⲻͷĽС룬ҽҲٳ˳ݵؽ磬߽˫ȴдͷҲ 
ǴȤ˱ʣ˭ 
ַĽԴͬ˽ޱˡ 
䣬༸˱ǰһϷ׷¶ȻĽ֮ɫ 
ԭλҽµŮ֮ǲٵˡ 
ͷס˼飬ŪĽϷ书ôһҽȴǲ˭Ҳ׼Щֻ֢ΣָĽϷԮ֣˭ҵҲҪ֡вƣʮǰһߣĽϷ͵ĳĴβˣ㣬ĩԼȴȾ˫˫ɾ塣 
һôˣҲǳԣһͷ˱㲻˵Ҳ˲ͻߵǰżһҾʵ߶λ˵λҽסδ 
ͷһ㶣¿˻ۣС๫Щʲô 
ſڵгܹĽҽ·ʱҪݼһֻǲҽϺδ˵𣬱һʣð֮Ī֡ 
ԭˡ 
ԴǾֹĿ㣬һøУͷЦĽĽׯ̫ϵɽ£㵽˵طһʱֻ֪ǸûʲôˣլۡưܣҪݼĻȥλҽĹǰͷ 
һλҽһŮû𣿡 
еģȴûС 
ͷһ̾Ľҽԭ˹磬ĽϷңֻһŮŮãȴĽҽһûԼԺּ㽫Ҳ˸⣬ҪլǮҲ쿴ۣһ˰լӣǮգҲ֪δıȥˣȴû 
꣬һѣΣǿŰȥлָ㡣 




ʮ 

֪ˣֹס̣ĸ䣬ͷȴǲˣ˵һԭ֪̽Щ֮£Ҳûָһʧ䣬Ҳˣ˳þ¥ֻ뾡ֻ⼸ո·ֲԷһǰ֪ǲٳǿֻ˼ס£Ъһ· 
һ磬õУһ֮ӽסУСɽ򣬴ֱĽׯ 

ɽˮ̫֮ɽ¸Ǿɫ续Ľׯɽˮԭǿɰ֮أȴֻʣһƬԫߣ˵Ļ 
ϣŻķϵլԺðβܶãµϵϣߵׯŸǰ 
ׯûһ飬һԺ価ɽڣһ뵹ֻҲİܵòӣׯڵŰ嶪һȣһҲᣬᶼֻʣǵ㣬һƣŰѵһ˵ϡ 
ׯԭԺ䣬мСƫԺóҵʵլתһȦ뵽ĸ׳֮أĿ壬׽֮顣 
깶һ飬ߵ˶һδٵСԺȥһãƿţһϹĽλ򳤾˴ɨλϾ˺һңּǿɱ棬ǰֻƺȻ游ĸĽԴޱ 
翴λۿʪȣߵǰ 
磬游ĸͷ 
˵ߵͷȥ 

ͷ˵游ĸ֮ĹׯӺ棬ֳ꣬ׯȥȡõֽǮѰׯ߲ԶȻһһСĹŶС 
ߵǰĹģ֪游ĸ֮ˣµ򣬹ϾˮȥһСĹϱģʱס 
 
ǲԼ۾ʹһ࣬ٶϸֻǱװдšĽҡ֣еʱĸƽһĹ 
ٿȥǱһС֣дš˵һ 
ô£ô£ 
һţһΡΡŲǰסǱģһһ£š֣һ㣬֪ʮǰֽŶ 
ţôܸ˵Ҳԣǰǰŵģôȴʮǰ 
ԽԽҳһš 
Ĺǰһ󣬰˼⣬ʶּ׵þˣǰһ󷢺ڣվ游ĸĸĹǰϾˮ˼ֽǮͷݼһ 

Ĺǰãۼͷƫسס꣬⸽мũҿԽޣֻǻ簧̫ʣ游ĸձϵһ籴ТףôТ֮ţҲȥޣׯסһޱǡ 
бŸˮʱȡˣǣҲľïʢ֮ϵׯһԺӣԼȥ¡ 

Сھ֮Ӫһµİһ·籸ձ̺ֻҰ¶ޣǻҳеͷһأһָķɻңپܣ㵽ԺľͰˮõУִӹƾɲǿϳһ飬ɨ 
ɷԲŲϺİֽûˣҹɫһֱɾλʣ˲֪õİ򣬾̨һȦ󻹿һĵطݶϴᣵǡסҹ磬⣬ʰ޸ɾձ̺ڵϡ 
ǴСźߵģʱȴʹ£ֱиʱæͷ󺹣ʰ£پƣۣһñͷ˯ȥ 

ůɴʱլٽˮϣʪأúҹ㱻ѹҪҪȡůһ⴫Ƶͳҹլ⺧ˡ 
һѹ⣺ׯĪֹʱëֱҲҴ䱸 
֮䣬ԽԽתѵſڣ֮ı֨ѽһ죬ǽŲ˽ 
ǰᣣ͸ȭͷĿһǰ棬ڵһֻ̧ͷסֻǰһ֪ǵǵճϴ˰Ьһ˫ 
ޱޱˡʦȥ򣬻ԭ·ϵ˼죬Ψָϲջһ·ƥûе󡣡 
ԽûϹ˫ڹǰվ˶϶˵ 
˿ȻȷǸˣ־֮ľȥȴʮֵĲ֪ͬǺιϵҹܵ飬뿴ϸֻǿСޣǰйڵҲֻ°ѡ 
⾪ɺ䣬ֻֿ޵ޱޱСʱһֱȥһƣʶûҩģϧĽԴ鲻˵򣬱Ҳٳȥʦ֪ⷬԸ⼸ȥתһȦ뿴Ķʦֶ㿴ˣǳûҩʲôӣʦҲ¸˻ʮģʮ㵱Ǹɡ 
ĽԴ⼸֣ʱһĪĸʦ֣ȫֻ꣬˴ĸ֮øж 
˼ţŵдһζűǰĵ϶Ƭҽ˵ûҩĻˡ 
ޱޱߵЩ꣬ʦûһղ㣬ΣҲμСʱһˣʱʦڣǵź˼ңԶᶹȣұŴ̷˼ȥαɽҩɽˮȻϼޣͺӣȴĽСӣӲҺʦˣ֪ʦжġĽҽң书ң˵ŻƿֻıҿЩЩĵĸʮҲˡʦ۵Ҫһ룬ֻҪĽĴãտĵģʦҲģĽʵȱ˴£һһ⣬ȴϡǰյ֢ҪβˣԼȥˣʲôȥﲡȾ 
һ˵һޣһֺ޺ĽԴˣޱޱʱʦĵģ˵ޱޱܰίȴֺ֪ôڿңƴޱޱԹ˵ʲôҲ㣬㳦ãʬǻ̲ˮ񵽵ҩʡ 
˵ĴԽԽݣԻϲֻšüţƫ˻ҽλ㻹վޱޱ߶ 
⻰һٰ಻ס˺㲻ԸʦգѵʦñԸɷɣ־һͬˣҲͬЯ־ȪĸԸúܣƾʲô 
ϲﻹһˣһסƬ̺ܻĸӲͷβ͵˵ҳ 
ڵԾƿԹ˳ 

վŸʮͷò񳣬һ縺Щɷǵɣֻǿ޵ñһһѣϲãôôȻŭ壬⸱ӣЩһЦ 
ͷյ˿ЦĶСʴʣ 
Сǹر˶Դʱʱŭӿ󵽣˯úúöģੲΣû֣㵹ȹԶֲʦϲϱˡ 
һͷʹʱȻɫСӣղ㳢ϷֶΣҽֵд 
˵һ 
粻˵ֱ㶯֣æ࿹ʽʹþˣȴûֲһӴͷƷ磬һɴϮؿڶپһϣʹ˵ڵϻʹȥ 




ʮ 

֪˶ãתһָ֪һػصĽŲ֮һԾɱװԲѣֻһϢһ֮䣬һЦСӻװ˯ 
űһưˮͷ£ͷ˸ʪ 
ŭҲװˣʶƱʶƣʲôˮ 
һߣˮգĿŭɡ 
ǽվǰӸſ壬ǻղֻʵǴĶģ 
һȥӣȴ˸գ֪ͷǳԼŻȥŭң 
˵ȥ 
ʲ˻ԣѪδȣּվֱһȱˤڵأֻؿںһƣɫ׳һƬ 
ģȴԭǸӣϷ飬ѼһЦ˻ţĻʵ񵽵Ķģ 
ڸ֮ܵҧס˴ûĶóһغʲüͷһšȥסһֻɿһָ򻳷С 
ֻһؿֱอһȦ㽫ѹȥ̼࣬촽һ 
ڵһ˫ֳŵأ 
ʱް֮һ飬л粻Ҫʹ¶ֵ˼ 
籾û˼ϢҴҳʱｫϡ 
˵꣬ɫ΢䣬ʵ˭ʲô 
ĽңĽׯҡ 
ѾͷĶӣٿ¶֮ɫѾͷǰ˺ӣ 
˵ס磬Ѿͷʱµ㣿 
ƺĸ׵ĿǣٲȻλذСĳߣԾ׽֮飬űŭҲ˴롣 
Ǹ¶ʮ 
ŭ˵˵Ѿͷ±ˣôðСӴǲϷ𣿡 
һ漴ׯĸ׷㣬ǿǱϵ²дһ˵æû˵˵ǰǰŹģô±ˣĪŪ 
һ˵Ҳˣɿ 
㲻ʴͷβһ飬ֻȥӺݲᣬֻ˵ѣԼ˴ȥݣּ֪࣬ĽׯѰס 
ղҵׯ׷㣬ʵŪô¡ţΪ˵ˣҵΪءǰ֪ʵ飬֪һ 
ǰϲԲѷŴжʱĸˣɽҲ 
꣬˺һüҡͷǼ置һҩԭͨţѾͷʱ˾ȫ֪飬ʱֻʦķ㣬֪ۡ 
罫ǰװףɫ־α̬֮ʮ֮˾ţ񶼺Ͱ˼֡ 
ǰ֪ǺҸ׼пɻб𣿡 
緽в³ĸʦֻ֣ǲ֪γƺ㺬һǰһһۣѾͷһҽо˾ˣõ˹Ŷԡ 
ȻĿףէȻһλ׽ĳȻȻĽ֮飬˷Ը¸Ŀڻ˹ 
еУҲԻϲ΢ЦףֻЦֲݣʦüңõŶԡ 
ʦñһʼչڻʱ¶һĲޣȳծֻβ 
̾꣬𻳷ʻҡҡͷҴδָδţֻѾͷϵСӣЩ֮ 
˴ʧɫ˲ȥ 
ɥŽͷĪҪģ˹ǡ 
ʲƿڴʱƫʱȴһɺͰףȻʦ֮ʰݼˡ 
һ·ϱܼ尾˿⻰֪ԼżˣΣ̲סձߡ 

ôһ͸ƳأׯСûôԶʱпտգӹһ㵺Цʲôȥʰշү 
ӣһ죬֮ȥ˴룬ȥʰ 
ھҲЩƣһԺȼѣֻⷹȴǴδһʱ޴ֻ֣ôͳŸɱ⸬ҪڻϺ濾 
ƣһֶԵģȵҲ㲻ãգȥͰˮ㳢˹ա 
һˮԼͳֻˮˮ⸬͸ɱ˺ӽּЩΰ͵ת۱һӻ 
ƴ죬ʲǷ˾˹һֻľ޲ڡ 
øˣһЦ˹¶úܣСӺѧЩ 
˼ڣ̾ٴкãҽ˫ϴͨʦûϲ˱ˣҹ¿һųԷҲûС 
Ǻ棬ʵ˹ûм𣿡 
Һʦþǹ¶ʦ׽ֻ֮ʦüˣĵúܣԸȢˣҲû޶ʦҽķȴûһĿͽܴ²ѾͷҽϵǼ֣ҽԼŮһ¾ȥתһȦȴ֪ˣֻүϲң˲֣֮ҲˣЩֻĴεʦ֮ղһ 
Ȼȴᣬ粻֪˵Щʲôοֻ뷢㶣һƬУֻвȼʱЩž졣 

˱ôڻԣȻ׳Էһӻ˸ɾӻͳƿҩ뻳磬㷽һƣڸЩףҩÿճһʮҲͺˡ 
ƿһֻڶСһҩɫ죬ǵһ㣬СʱĸҩģҲʶһóҩﺬѪߡߵ˴Чæȥ 

Թֻ£̵ĵ̣һɣʵɻ֪ЩʲôȥϢ 
񣬹һȻҡͷҲȥˡҸ׼ˣὫӦ޴ȥŸףҸϣҸ׼е滹Ҳǿи֮ˣҵʲôá 
˼Ƭ̣ͷȷ㡣 
˶٣ˣ޴ȥˣһسᶹȰɡˣٶ䣬ֻعֻ꣬һ˹δ壬ǿүҲиӦ 
գգۣǽӦãұ˹顣 
һ·̻̣˿Ѱ֮˿һĵʱ䵽ʵͷһĻϲãЦ˳ 
һЦ¶վѣ૵ѾͷҲŸѶ˵ĸû 
ղŸϻƣ㳶̼˯ˡ 
Ҳһ޲˯ʱԱ˶ӱ٣һͷһᣬڽűߣҲ
˯˹ȥ



ʮ 

ᶹȱں·ɽУŽһ·ɽˮ̤࣬С 
Ϲų棬ɽˮ飬ᶹȱ㼯߾ɽˣһССɽζ£׹뷽ԲĶı̶ȴһƬľס˹ȿڣǽ·֪ﾹǱж졣 
ߵ̶ߣָ˰һľݣ㵽ˡ 
겻飬ľݾҲδ㸯ʧޣݶõľǲȥƤľ룬µİ㣬ɨһ۱ЦĵǸʵˣջò 
粻⣬߰иҴ壬ʮ˼ңǰʱȥЩ˳˿⺫ǴľӣҵķӺ˸СӳЩҵţЩ겻ڹУӦûдˣݶ£ɵˡ 
˵Ŷ 
һãľľξʰøɾʱ˴ɨϹһᣬǸԼʮĲߣüףĿǴ顣 
ʦͽˡ 
һ˵һŻ£ͷվԻĸʦãѾͷһҽңʦͽ֣ȴҵӣѾͷҲҳᶹȵĴˣʦ̫ʦ棬Ҳ¿ͷ 
꣬΢΢Цŵһͷ 
ߣĸסȥ 

ޱʱ뷿׵ڶ䣬һױ̨Ȼҹ㷿еľ£֬۾ϻȴҲһӦȫǽһľ齣Ŵ֯ɵһ죬ǻһޱ롣 
ⶨǺĽϱʰ޵ġ 
ӳ˳Цţⱻ춼ϴģɾĺܣʡүһֽš˯ɡ 
Сδסªȴĸʱ뷿С 
ʱľѲͬڳƽ֮ʱ䲻ƾհѣȴҲָ˼ֿʵӣǰüչģݱ㶫档 
˹ĸ̫ʦģ 
ڴߣʦþùͷ죬ʡ 
ǺˣСʱˮ֣ʮ˴ûˣǡʦסĴӣּ˫׶ˣߣѰ˼£Ҵͽ˼ҵᶹȾסʱСǵԼĸϣʦսʦ˵Ǵֻһ˵ѧҽӣȡҰʦҽһƬҰĸޱޱʱֻ꣬һưõĲӣֽ϶ǶǼȥ 
˵оЦ⣬ޱޱСʱϲһ˫۾ģС÷ವͨ죬ƻơһҽи磬ģ᲻÷֣ʦҲϲ˻ЩȻҲ͸ʦѧҽʶҩˡ 
ò˵£꣬һܻãĨȥ۽Ứʰã³ˮȥҽպүķʳɶϡĪָ˹ź㡣 
簵һͷҵϣŽȥ 

ӳԷ⣬ұ߱ҩҺͳһţֻǽһ˶ߵҩҩ㡣 
żҩĸϢҲҩζɲǼһʵ˹ѧҽҺòã 
Ƴһۣҳᶹɲҽ㲻˵ҲҪѧģԸá̫ʦһţҽѧͨĽԴеǰͷ̫ʦ̡˹ţֻѧ˼ƤëҲˡСѧʲôֻ˵ǣ˹Ȼ˽ 
ϲл˹ 

ɽ䣬䣬Ǹޱ಻ůͣһšʱǳƽᶹȴȡů̿Ҳδ׼˵ã˰ԾֽűǺҲһʱ˯ţ˼룬еӣ뵽̱ȻѸëѱ£˯ǰ۶ȻҪƬֽ̣Ƿů֪ͣˮ 
ڻǰװ֪ÿһᶨȻֳ˳ͽοʱֻһˣˮٶ˽§ڻϧڸڣ粻ҾñͷͷϢֹﾡͬһʱ龰ԭΪˣظ䣬ǰֳ޲ѣԹǿԼҡװܵ£ʱͻȻʡô۰ԼĵεٿܣһͻȻƵô 

˰޷Ժ˯ţʱֻ۾׵ƣһ㶣Ҳû˵ʲôֻ˺ҩϡ 
ҩ࣬ͷ̧ʹԼպвǵȿ޿СŮ̬ûĶ棬˿Ц 

˼ѧҽŽԡƵھѧ 
ԴСĸ߶ĿȾģʶҩϽ졣¹ֲҩǱ۶óͬζϲýޣҳᶹȴˣѧҽĸ硣 
ֻһЦ 
ѲǰеСүʣµļʮӣ޳Ͻı֪ʦڲ࣬Ȼѧһ֮źáһ˼ô˼ֱ档 
һ£ҽΪѣ֮ѧƵ˻һĵӣǺ޲ڡҽ̻Ϣ֮ 
֪ϰڹȴֲԵɣֻ֨֨Լϰ 
ǲ죬׽סΣ죬ٿɫҰף֪֮ҲͲǿֻǲⰵϧ 

һһѧУתѵȥϲԤڡ 
ûۣ½Լ֣ýˮϴ´ᣬԲʱɳЩ˳պ£֮ǰʮָմˮүǴΪ 
Ǿͷ⼸þˣصкԽֻƤӣָʹõתը⡢⡢һ˵ָ㣬һæͷ󺹣ʵæ죬ҲʰȣϦҹүٱ˸ 

ɽһƬžֻľ͸һƹ⡣ 
ˣɵϴʰ˲иʣصԼе裬۹ͷһʱ˯ţʰһžͭѨϰ 
ʲС̳ƣֳ֮ʱֻЩˬ֮ǰʹźá 
һŶرȥʱֻһ±סˣ뷢һʱ࣬һʱɷףӶŤһţҲ˵Ǹʲôζ 
ΣȴһҲû׼ҲˣϨ˵ƣͷ˯ֻô˯ţԺзȥЩ뻳顡ߵĳӿһ̣޲˱ԼοһͲסȥŪ£ȴֻиܡ 
շתൽҹ˯ˣֻ˯Ѱֻһ̾Ϣ硭硭ǲʹ飬˯ᡣ


ʮ 

ĺʱڽ˼꣬óᶹһƬ䡣һ磬㱳ҩ䵽Ҵ￴·ŢĺܣߵʱֻЬѺ˼ࡣ 
æʱ򣬴׳µظɻȥֻʣ˸ڼңˣһӭУˣ 
թ뿪ƽѲӺգ𣬱ԳһŽڸҽ˶һ 
ߵļſڣԺЪţĵϱϸæŵӣֶˮȡ 
ʱٱ㶼ŶЩſı㶼˹һЩûĴСϱǳÿˣҲչ֣СԺת˲㼷ˡ 
νʦͽнָ㣬һ๦򣬻ȻҽСɣѰ֢ѿɶ￪ 
Щʪ䣬ȣȥӸ˿Ȩϰ˳ÿ㣬ķ飬̶¹⡸С򡹵Ѵ˿ 

ҴļλиһЩڴ岡ѶСԺɷ֣ٽʱŽͣ 
ʰһȣһֻļ㣬Լҳһ̼ʲߣߵòˣ뻳絽Է 
Ļδæһĸһ԰ɡ 
ɫʢֵɩô̫࣬Ʒˡ 
Ϊˬ£ЦǸĶθԡżģģѲ˼ǮÿﶼǮҩǰͣҪٺ÷벻ԣҲⲻȥ 
ЦЦ˵ʲôֻǲ϶꣬ԾɵȺĻ 

ͷУĴͷţ¼һʲţʮֻϲãҲŴ̳ƣúúһ١ 
ʣأ 
˹ûȣֻ￴ 
ʢϷĵƣͬŶȥ÷ 
ȥڴ˴Ҿߣϯнռţɻײһ˴ᶹȣ˵ҽеʮͷͦɣǲ֪ΪʲôһҲûУҼʱͦǹ͸·̣ʱҲ쵽ˡ 
ع֮вǰҽҶˣļЩĽֲ֣ҲͲΪ⣬ͬƱյһС̳ƺȸף͵ײ˵ʩʩȻعȥ 

̫һ磬ʱ·Ȼɣų̿˲٣ʱҲ͵ˣһյɢһƥ쿥гԲݣﴫ 
Ȼطһ˫ɾЬ࣬Ҫȥж±¨ʱýеˣ 
ŽȥһӥǻĿŭһǾþӸλ֮ˣֻǲƳ͢˵Ľ󣬵༸Ӣ䣬Լλһűһ֮ˡ 
ԭç֮л簵Գ档 
˹ң 
ָͷϣʱ˻ָһָһ󡣡 
ԹƧһδͽʱͻȻðͽܵӴΪ棬˻ۣᣬȴһɵȻȣСЦλСγƺ 
磬ҵҽѧ߰˷ˣˣᶹȱҡ 
ᶹдͷ粻֪ΣȴȻ𾴡 
ԭǽҽˣʧʧ 
ҵ΢Ц񣬡գкβʣ 
˺β飬ϢЩҽΡ 
 
β£󣬻ָϸϸһƽˮɫ 
СԪѨʱʹ 
βɫһݣҽ㡣 
ǳʱǰԼһʱ 
 
βϰڹ˲ӣʮǰֳЩ֢ǰ֢״΢ʲô귢ȴԽԽ磬ÿʱѨλܴһ㣬ʹ裬ֻ 
һ㵽ᶹҽȴ꽪Σ֮±ԭҽȴһ˵óãȵҩʮף޼ЧǾ֮ʣǰ˵طᶹȣ㼱Ѱ˿̼˵еģɴշʵСҽⲡζ𣬿𣿡 
ԥ򽪶Ƴһۣʲôϸϸһ 
ǽ˿Уҽˡ 
㵤֮棬罭ӲӦһż֮ڹķֻھƺ̫ʢڰԵ֮ںã֮ȴֻûʧÿʢ֮ʱУȻֳ֢״֮⣬껹ɡ֢Ҳʢ˽֮ˡ 
˵꣬һ˹΢Ц֪˵ˣ뵽Լҽֽһ㣬Իϲ 
ϰڹ꣬ز˼ѳֽ֮󣬵ﴦƣʴ֮ʱǱǡ 
˵ٿסڲԣ»ûڣȴɵҲµóˡ 
β˿֮ȫޣҽҡ 
һ˵һЯһֻƵ˸ǰֻһѽΣףһɺ飬ſɺָͷСɫţѪ˵ѵһƷڻʹ֮ʱҲ̫󴦼һһСģв⴮ɫ 
Ǽ˱ģ˵ĺ꣬Щ֮ǲϣβϵЩ˼ȴͬһʯͷҲûֱ 
ƤҲ̧һ£ⲡβܵĻֻºûˣҪֻһӣֻⷨȴδԸá 
ֻºûβ鱾ң֪пʱȼһϣʲôӣҽ뽲 
Թ 
һ︦ˣԼβȴɫ䣬ϼⶼ鴤 
ƳһۣԾ˹䲻˵ϷȴҲµóǺι򡣡ǣٺ٣ⲿڹķ辶ԳһңΪ֮ԵףѰϰ֮ʢ˥֮ʼˣ֮ҪѶķǰԹΪˣƫⴿ֮ʧԹˣԲܹٻ굹Ҳ£÷Ҳδ֪ 
˵꣬һƬţβƴһ㣬ðβãɬ𣿡 
һЦŹ򻹽 
β֪ڽ̼ʮһ㣬޺޵±ˣҲǶһӣǳˣĪ˵أʮ꣬ʲôȤ˵ĺá 
ѾҲ˵ʲôָһָŵˣ㡣 
֮⡣ 
η֮飬β¿ɻҪʱԾÿĥǲܣֻһ뵽֮ʹҲɣȴҲӣɰ֮ˣҪЩҲãҽ˰ɣֻҽǧӣֹסÿʹĪҪܡ 
Ҫߣ⻰վס⵹ѣÿշҩļɡ 
һ룬ÿսʩ룬סڹ 
ҽҩȻԽԽãβ鵱ҽڴ˽һʱա 
ĵͷǮ֣Ҽٲи㡣 
תͷԸ磬ʰһɡ


ʮ 

βڹס£һӽлҩȥ˺βٻѨסʹСһа׵絽˹ȥʵ˹Ƕʲôķ죿 
ʦµһЦ˵ˡ 
һ٣ʣβ˯£ 
˯ˣҩм˰֮ʱӦ˯ˡ 
ţȥЩ۽Ǳ߳Ա˵ 
ͬһүζĸµķ۽֮ʱԣڡ 
Ӧȥˣһһ۽ 
÷ӽУһ룬Ҫ˵ôӱ֮ʱˡ̫ӺڽʮսɱһͳԭӺ֮ϣ˽¼ùֶΣҲܳߡɱ²֪˶١¹ԭ༸ۣٴӺȥĴ֣֮̿Ǳ 
Щ̫㣬ҲţȴкιϵֲôϾ˹ѯʣֻӾȥ 
Ӻר˾ɱһͳ˧֮һ̫࣬ 
˵סڲԣЦгŻ磬һľͬкθϵ 
һ±УǺһЦʱƶūܹܣ˹ţ֮ʱշȾ书˰ǰһʴӱѧ̸ߣû㽫շȾվѧᡣշȾδΪͽȴҲǰҵӣίΣǼӺߵӺļճڣͳһר˾ɱ֮£Բ켺 
֮Ҳģ֪̫ߵ֮ˣȴδʲôɺѿڶ 
ĪĪ˵ 
һڲʱʮͷߣȴԶδǷ켫ֻ֮Լִͣδܣɴ˽áӺһͳϱҪԽֱȡ룬ʱշȾͻȻʧ٣ʱʢշȾɽʵȥȴҲ˽´շȾӺĶ¾ԶѲɿ֤¹ӺʷȻдȥˣֻǵշȾʧٲãͻȻɱӺġշȾ֮շȾͬӺͬʦֵܣƣдһ٣Ѱζ֮Ӻ书֣£ֻ⧲ұۡ˵֮߱治Ӻŭ֮Χɱˣȴ˳ȥʹ뽭Сɣ֮ӶʮأǱö֮һʦԴһڹķˡ 
ʷڽЩмأҲǶдģʱֻ˵ı߱Ҽ֮Уȴϱ飬֪Ѳֳһδ档 
գ̾λѧţһˣϰڹģƫĲ辶ƫ֣ڹķԵף֮˵Ƕ಻ΪԽһµ޶Ȥһ˼ֻдɱӺģֻǴʹд֮ʱӺļݱ֮աʧ飬󲻾ñ㴴ɣԳԩûĲףʼĻԹߣҲ졣ԩרɱֶμȸߣ̳Ҳԩµ޲һʱΣɱŴһܣѹȺۣЦȥ½ը˹㣬޴֮ʱȴͻȻһʧ١ʱ˴ˣԩɢбڰɱַԩһޣ֪ԩֻǲҲ硣ֱڣÿм׮ͷƽⲻ˵ıԩͷϡԩ˼˲ںδȴ֪ 
ʵ۶ѴĴҲˣ˭Ҳ˵׼Ƿȷ²ˣֻǰⲿľ¼ֻǵľĺ˲ԸԹ̫֪࣬ķţǿҪǺβһ㣬񹦴֮ձɥȪ֮ʱ 
벻ϻȹңǣ֮־棬˹֪ 
һЦһֱǱӣ̫ʦƽϲ˽£Щҽ˵Ĺ̫ʦ滶ϲѱĲգ֮±Ǵҽ֮˿е̫ʦ潫Ĺ¾Уһ֪ 
ʵ벻̫ʦ滹ϲãһ˫۶ǳ 
ү̸ޣתҹʰ˲Լ˯¡ֱɵϣƽǲ΢΢ºһ˯ȥ 

һ磬³շβȥʰͣȥҩҩİҩûñȥһβУϸַĸʱ£ںδ뼸ˡ 
֪ǽҽæӦˣϸ 
ڻϹһ飬һѰѨ롣ַˮβһȴۣǰ󲻹һʱѾϢƽ࣬ǰ㽹Ʒӿȥ룬ллҽ 
ϴɾ֣˲򣬻Ժÿճʱʩ룬ٸʱѹסϢ¿ʹֻǴ˷α겻αϷȫʩΪҲѡ 
ҽ֮顣 
ͷ磬Ժʩɡ 
ǣ˹ 

ȷҽ񣬵ʱβԪѨδۡʮܾĥͻȻѣپ˵ɣ֪ڽ񷴾 

ת֮ɴģᶹȴһľ 
βδסú⣬ÿԹҩйĿ˵ȥĴι䣬ֻͬƷ̸죬лЩƹʡ 
ǼŹ㲩֮ˣ˵ЩΪ֪֮£ʱ𣬺β֪أβ΢΢һЦͷǼɫģ֪ǲɴ˱¶ԼݣҲͲ׷ʡ£̽βֻһǮķϤΣүֻѰһ㡣 

㣬ٿţβϢѽѹƲס֮󣬽Ӻҩֵδ˵ȴ֪ޱǰ 
һϣҩźβ£Ҫͬټһҩβȴ˰֣Сҽطģβ֪ޱһռ䣬ҩ벻ǲˡ 
Լ˵ҲͲڣֻ˵ǿʵһ׮¡ 
ʲôҲңˣǿ 
βһЦӻͳһ뻳硣 
ЩʱնСҽǽ֮ˣҲôձɡ˵ﲻЩôСҽպϰҽʱõˡ 
Ǳɫ»ϺõһɴдӬͷСֻϽǵԴһЩС׭дͣȻǡ֡


ʮ 

һ 
Ƕˣβ齫ľݵУ˺󼸲£ľķǹ죬ҳʱ۲ѣȴҲԥ˵ⷨɣּ֮쳣ɣĻŪСٺ٣ڼȴ֪˼Ҳı㣬֪Ը߰ˣ϶Ҷ̲סϰֻһԹۣҲ浶ʵǹıƴֻ֮ɣӮˡЩľӪһɻҵҲѶ䵽Уߣææµµʮ꣬ȴΪѣЦ 
һ˵һǱǻںǰգȴּӼֲᣬ֮һɫƽľ֮ϣ˵ȴ̰Ĳ£ƽĶۣ⾭ع֮׽಻ѷɫֻ޸ܣСҽҸĸԵ˰ɡ 
β黰ޣԭУʲôֶǿ棬ȴѯʣǾϸβɫһȻĻ̬֪֮ⷬȷǳģҲͲ˵ͷ˵ȴ֮ˡ 

Ӻβ鷿г羶ֱݣչϸ 
Ƕܼǧ֣߶߼ǣ˸ʱһƪķμУ 
СӺϰ䣬ѧһϼ֣ѵʽҲѧûˣΨУȴǿһʽȫް˽ִǳԿˣ׾ٱ㱻ֳסáԵɺϵһҲҲľͬרΪдһ㣬֮⣬¾ⰴպƽҲˣΪ֮£Ҳˡ 
˼ȶ㽫ı֮ϴ˯ֻ˷֮˯ţȥҹž룬һ 
ãɫµļֻл˯ȥȥݺιʮֻ«ƥιˣȥ 

îʱ룬Ҳͷȥֵβǰ 
ˣ 
Ӧβʱ³Ľ˯Ҳ˲ű 
Ųδ˩һƱ㿪ӭٲȻβϥָ˫Ŀʹɮ붨ֻһѪȻᡣ 
ŲһͣվƬ̣߽Ϻβ 

˹ˡ 
ŷлŻ˺βʬָֻմ˴ѪڱᣬǺҹߵģţڹסãҲʱȥˣԼҲ֪ǰ֮࣬ԶϾʹ졣 
ҲΪ⣬ֻ罫̧ȥѰط˱ǡ 
ǲ٣ӷϣĹѨҲҪ̫ªͷȥҸʯ鱮ҲǾġ 
ֻƤӣ˾ԻȥԷһӦ¶뻳ȥ緹ҲԣȥײĿʯֵѰ˷ľ֮أ˰칦ڳӣ˺Ҵ弸˰æβᡣ 
ʯãֽǮβԶĹǰֹһҾȥˡ 

β󣬹Ծֻʣ˻ͬˣɽӼį£ȻǱҽϰǶϹ򣬱׹ 
˰꣬ٿֵһ峿żз纮Դ꣬ʱһգҲ¡絣֮ҹ룬ҩʱۼˣſڴͷһϧο 
˾ķ̰£żȬֻǾԲͬ˹Ϊ꣬񣬼ս˥٣ʱҽҩž˹ 
ȴ⣬ֻķʱ;գЩȴٵ꽥ߣ˥ղѹסҲǷ޿ɷͨҽǿɳƵĸ֣ײһڷˣβԼҽʱҲֻүȥ˵ʮϡҽʮߣҲˣοһգϲοҲعڻ֮үԾɿӱǡҼݺȥҲ豯ѹֻÿǵ˹Ҳˡ 
δ˵꣬ѹĺȦֻǲϽо˹ģǿûǿսͷͷȥ 

ⳡȬ֮󣬽һһգٽأǼС಻ϣϦҲڴ϶ȹ봺ȴǲ⣬Ҳˡ 
ǰգϸ಻Ŵɫأ޻ա 
ڴϣ֮ͻȻѹҪӸҪ˵ӡ 
һϲ漴ʡⲻǻعⷵգʱѹ쳣ǿ̱ʹȥӸ 
Сס˿ڣ΢Ц 
ǰޱޱڹʱÿӸҳԣķ۷ŴŴһԣһ롣ʱ룬һҪúôһ⡣ɵͷȴֻǸ硣 
һСʦãһǰ˲ѹ 
ϲԣֻȥɵģˣĺɻˣȥժԡ 
ҡҡͷɵӣﻹõġ 
ʵ˵ЦͷұΪһ¶ϣϵʱȴ飬ʵ帣кǻϲߺ㽫ᵽϽмȥޱޱϲǰˣ鲻￴һұǶ 
̲סꡣ 
޵ģ̾˿ 
һߣֻʣһˣ̫ǼįԼӹƧϲΪ飬ȴҲǹһĥϼʮꡣҽʮ꣬ǮǱ߹˳ȥɣҸĿ֮Ϊ飬ֹһ˹֪žϲ 
һ˵໰ƣۣʱֻ˯ȥ 
ڴϣ߬סһֻ֣Ƭ̲롣 

䣬ϢԽԽᣬıûϢֻŵȥһҲųȵס 
ڴߴһޣɫ磬̫͸ӳݣɫƽһĨ΢Цȥôݰġ 
翴һŲǰѹʰ˼ȥȡЩϺùľ£ᡣ 

˼ǴůѤ쳣 
վ£Ž㣬ƽ 
ĸ˹ãΪβϲҹ㣬һ¿࣬ңұ㡭 
˵ͻסڣ⣺ұʲôһ𣿲ݲ׸磬ӣҲǲɵġ 

һߣԽ壬꾭¶ˣּ࣬סˣԸȣԾסÿϰҽȥΪ˿Ҳڣʱ㾲 
Ƕȷһ飬л۸죬ʱСɣһ̶֪עһлطѩʹȥɨ̶ˮһôһעˮ̶ƽ㷭Ű׶Ǹˮ棬ԭǽ͸̶ˮ̶лˡ 
С֣վ̶߷˰δŵؿбãƽ˸ϲЦ

ʮ 

ÿꡣʱһãǶ֮¶ֻ֫ٺһתϢӱոὡʱһԾһߣһʱҲƣۡԶ׼ô಻ʤ٣ԽľľͶء 

գȣᶹľïʢҩҲ˲ժʱ򣬻ձ㱳¨Ȳҩȥ 
ɽĶ滨ݣҩĸǷḻһɽæµգһ¨ҩĻع;оβ֮أԶԶ߰˸װӾĹǰоͷ֮Ƿ㣬ѸһʱǷͷٿ룬¶µĹײĸ 
Ǹʲô 
⼸Ŀŵ˷ĹʵǵĹּ֮ʯƵһߣǹػĹ㣬ǾߣԶʣ˷Ĺ߽ʼǹ컯֮޼ɵĿл𣿡 
һ˵һһԾ 
Ǽڵ𾢣ͻȻ⼸ʣ̧ͷһ߰Զվһ꣬ŭĿӣδ䣬ȴѾ˸ǰɶһ 
и΢곤ʮ꺺ӣͷ죬´缸ۣһ಼ۣŸҩ¨ǸУ֮ȴƽټЩ׼ͷĹ֮ҵȾɹʣ벡磬ҵھķϣҪǨأ˻ؼ簲ᣬСĪˡ 
ɨһ۵һǵʯмǨأĲˮ֮λҵëƭ 
һ£ȴڲסСɵƣ㸺Ц̬ʱǺһ㶣д˸ͻƬ̷عԼĽиСס߳ŭ 
Ĺүү׵ӾǱʬٹǸɣҪ£ʶıԶЩĪҪ鷳 
嵶彣һ֪ǽжԺβ޹Ǻβǰµĳ֮ǽһĻȻװ֪Ų̲ˮɻ֮ݣԺβһݸ֮飬㲻Ըʬ裬ּ⺺ӳԲѷһֵĻҲʮ֣ҹҽȴûܱǲֻúǵأ֣˵ǳᶹȵؽ磬ڴΪҲ迴˴𲻴Ӧ 
ᶹڲһأӲ˵ǳᶹȵؽ絹Ҳ˵ùȥ粻ͨ񣬵˹ƺԳᶹȾǾηмӣ˸Ұձͷһš 
Ȼһᶹ֣ӵʱɫƷǰţŻʵСǳᶹˣֽͬҽγƺ 
δһţ˵ǽҽȻָ˹ˡ 
Ҿ˹ 
Ǻԭһ˿ɣ֤ʵݣʱһЦݣԭҽˣʧʧСֵ֪ĹҼ˵ΪǽթѼ˵͵˼һ£ҵȷ֮׷ˣҪѺȥȴˡҵȲ֪˵ãֻڿؿһһˣҵȺûȥҲʬһѣһǱ͵˵дçײ֮٣ð˳ᶹȣʵҽ¿ڹУҵҽôҵȰ£ȥڼǰҲи 
ͻ㹧ССֵܣҲͬƽϣǺҾ˹ȥˣᶹƹܣǲˣֻػλĪҪڵĺáλҽȷȻǲթұ֤λҲΪпݼ顣ʬδкι֮ʧ²ϡ˵Ϊ󣬲ǰ£ΪĪҪŵĺá 
Է㽫ʵ鶼˳ǺһᶹˣʱһԻļɵȥ˼֣˵Ϊβһ 
Сֵܼ˵ˣǵˣֻǼȴǵУպεһߣСֵܲϵʱδ⣬һ˽ȥҲδ֪ҵȿһѵĺá 
˵һͬƣڡ 
ǲˡ 
˵˵ȴִΪŭһֻҩʱͲסǺӱ˦˹ȥ 
һ˦һڳͷϣǳͷȥ÷ɿ죬ۼһԼϮæֻùҩϰǶȥˣ·ȴЩϱ㰤һײǾһʹϡһҽУˤڵء 
ӼͬˣеΧеĳֱָ硣 
籾ⲻȴЩڷأδˣһ֮˶ԷۼǺ۵ͷ亹˵òᣬԼҲһ 
㡭û°ɣҲʹģôȴ۵ 
ǰҲɱˣȴڱ߹ս֮ϣƽǸ˶Ҳ٣ǰ⼸Լ֮ȴԹ޳𣬴˶ԷľԲס֮Ҳ֪˵ʲôãԼ²˵ҩݣæ±¨˵Ĳҩϡ 
ȫȻأҲˣ˵Ļ˶еǷһ㣬ֻǼɫҲˣƿСҲ߯Щ˻˵ǳᶹҽѵѵ㣬Ҳ֪֪ô 
˵űһ˳ֵ 
ڷҩݣԷϮæԾܿ棬һ¨ҩıء 
ʹǸӣһɱУֱҪ 
ȻǸΣֻмܣŵǸһ⿪ȥ⺺ʮк飬ҪԼأҲˣʩչ۽̵С֣һн˿㽫Էһͷ˹б 
Ӻ뻳۽ѧң̸ľһһľʽ˿ֹעȥһһʽʹ֮ƣּѸףǺۼϮȫм֮鼱ͷһű˿ȥվʱǻͷ 
ɶ״ͬ˽֣ۼ˹Լȴб㽫ȵǱϲãϲԾ¶Цݣ䵽Уͬʾһ㣬ʱŭգҲ˲ֹأͬкСֵǲϰ 
˵ڵϲܶģ༸㶼һѷΧ 
ˣһʹƫ˼ֻ֣˶Էǣһеֺѽ£˭֪ԷȴĲ߸ֶԸԼһһʱŭҲϻĬľһһת䣬ǰһȦǼֻеһȦâ漴Ƕһ֮һʱеȫϵ˵ϡ 

ֻһ£˱֪繦ԶԼ֮ϣһɫһʱò׼ǽŴȥһǸϽȥ 
˴עԼüǺòұˣҲˣʲôɱ֣ݶ 
ͷĺѷվ˵Ʋȡ˼æչˣҵ飬ð´˲С˹ҵΡ 
籾ͲΪǣͷҲǿΪ֮ˣų֣ǽñˣҲûʲôĲĵġ 
һ˵ǿЦ¼ȷҵҲ񡣡 
˵ͬʹɫ 
༸˼ͷ⣬ְ˽ȥβ㣬ͷʰ룬ʯãŻȥˡ


ʮ 

ߵԶˣɢҩݺͳͷعȥţֻжһĥ죬ŷӺǶͷ˻η书ҲûſҪ粻ʧЦ뵽Լ书һмˣֲǳ 
صУɸҩ³һͨæµֱɫŻطЪϢ 
մ񹦣ϲãһʱ˷ܵ˯ţóڵ°棬ϸϸּһɻϸ֮£ǻﺺ˵Ѱһ£ҪѼβʬŰݣѵǺβЯ鱦ɣϸһѰ˼־񣬲ȻĻԼ˺βҲյĺȴֻ϶Լ⣬Բںβϣ˼ȥֻⲿŷڡ 
һ㼴һٻβʱ˵Խ϶ʱЩ˼ǷѰҴȻ޹ȴȻʹ˰ݣסҪʱؿ׺Ѱ⾭飬ǱҪѰԼ鷳˵⼸书Լѱûи֣Լϰʱж̣Է˶ֻ࣬ԼмܲסֻѰؾҲˣԼ湦ֲ֪õǺε 
һˣһ亹 
˿ֻ̹һˣ˿ް֣˼Σֻ˫ȭѵ֣ȥһܵĺá 
һҲ˲˯ˣʰֽҩϸһɫ΢ʱֱҴ壬˯ĺĻѣֻ˵ԼҪΪտһӦһһӣ꣬һ·򱱶ȥ 

Ϊܻѣ뵱ƽֻ±㲻ͬȷȥ֣һ·գʤһͣͣĩι䵽˶ݵ긮 
Ӷʹʺ֮أΪʵǸɽˮݺıأҴ˵ķᣬǸ֮ȡȡ֣֮絽ʱֵ죬֮з࣬˼ζּ˵ɽˮ֮ĿѰ˸ɾջס£ڴ̻Щʱա 
˹ųɶĶɹͣľãէȻػ㷱֮أﰮֵӣɽˮֱֺס˰£Ծɲ뿪 

Ͽ˳ԷʱѰ¥Ϩ˻𣬲ڴʱкˣǼꤣ˳һֱߵףŸʹͶС̡ 
Ǹʮͷ洫һԴΪʹͶ긮Сʹɫƣɿڣȴǽϸ֬һ֮´ζһ١ 
ޣҲԸˣֶһ裬Це๫˵ģȱЪЪȥɡ 
лɡ 
ʱˣ徻ҲͲߣȲЪϢ 
ˣһҩӣ֮ſڣһ۱ܿȥֻҩ治Сųţ¶߲¾һŹ̨̨һҩ񣬼ֻҩôţҲջȥһɽôƵڹ̨ϣһûһĴŹǷ 
ʢҩģҩ洦ɼֻһûٿ˹ˣһſھһŰֽд˴һޡ֣ȥҪתֵӡ 
ʱһϼ 
ᶹһʱǻزȥģһסڹУЩ긮紾ּʢڴ¼ҩ̣һҩһҽùȥպڴ˵ضӵҲ 
ͷһ𣬻סйͷɣǼҩ̿Ҫת𣿡 
һûţͷе÷ţֵ˵߶߶ɲǣǼӶ𣬱ǿŹ̨Ǹ϶ҽģִ߽УлǮ㿪ҩ̣ҩáҩ̵ʱͦ𣬵㲻ˡҽǲֻΪ˲ӺҩԴγò˵Ҳߣȥˣֻý̳ȥֻҪ߯ߣ࿴ģ̸£ҲһֱûȥӳԾƣԣ˵ʵǳŲȥˣ࿴ģԸһüۣҲˡ 
ͷ֪޲޲˼ҵĵ׶Ҳ˳ðЦѣʱһǮ̧ȥ 

ңӿҪ̳ȥ𣿡 
˼ƣнҲû⣬鲻һʣˣ˫ɨɨǸδıһڹٻϷǱϣɺݺҪһʣһϲϱѳϴЦ 
ӿɾˮϼѣʮϺˣǰͷٽ֣ɿͷһԺ߼䷿ԼסҲǵãŵ긮ҲҲһ 
ϸϸΣӻ̣Եͷֻϲ¶Ҫ꿪ҽݣ浹ãֻǲ֪ͷԺôǮк˵ҴӲ̫࣬ҲֻѰ 
˵ӲһֻʵڲҵЩ޶࿴ϼգǮҲûˣûκΣҧȿΣ⣬ǮϺ 
Ӻ徲һСԺ⻹ж᷿Щϲʶɾ翴лϲǮſڱҪüֻһãұ⣬ҲˣѰȥ 
һնֻնɥĥߴΣ˵˵ʣµҩҲ˼̸ٰۣʮҲɽˡ 

˶¼Ǯƻǰ棬Ҫսеرˣȥд˵ţһʮͷһѾס죬ģ㵽ȥȥҽ㿴˵֣ӡ 
ŶԽüбޣһ˫ִݿ֮Եȴѵûһ˿֬Ӣ˭˶ǰһ 
޶ס죬һһµҿûİΣˣң˼㵽ŰӰɡ 
öͷҽĴβǶһЩǴ͵Ӷ߰˻ˣǲһʱղǮ㿴շϣ׸һβҲǸõģҽˣӻ𡣡 
һۣϣ˭֪ϴˣٲԺͷƣˣҲɫ˥жʹһģԷ˵أˡ 
ⷬ˵̱֮꣬ߣֻ۾Ҳˣָ߸𣬱Ҫݺ¡ 
ĶϳԿһֵֵһ£СӸҴˣ͵Ÿȥ 
ֵòɿȴȥˣһ֣ȭͷСֵܼпҵǻЩҽŸƣλ̫ߣҲˡ 
굣ǽ㲡飬޷Ȼ˿ʩԮ֣Ҳ˲ˣһץס˫ֹڵأλӣҽһȣҪǧպţҲһ˸㡣


ʮ 

꼱ÿּ治Ϊˣ֪òǸԺĹҲ⣬һˣȻؿջȡҩ䣬ǧȥԺһ·ϱ߱ѯʲ֢״ 
ǧ滹ǸӣЩΪ˽Ĳ֪˶ίۣĳ˻㣬⽫齲ϸϸҲһ˳ 
ԭԺСˣźԭԺͷƹˮ̡ˮηּ黭ͨ긮˼Ҥʵ˼ֻ꣬һʮ꣬ɫ㲻ȴǰҲˣӱҡǮţǮ㲻ʳϿ˿ۣҲЩУõһ纮Ȼֻǿԣ˼ҩ£첡ˣҪеĹ⾰ԽϷǮβǧźˮ̶꣬׽㣬۵òУ˭ǸֻǮ𣬴ҲϴһǧĻأܲӦۼˮ̵ĲԽԽأձ㼱ͲסҪġ 
һ˵һȦͺˣֻŲϿޡ壬ϲȰο 

ԺڳŵѰ֮ռа֣ÿҹò֡»ʱ޿ţԺԵǰ 
ǧӽ˳򣬼ûʲôˣæŻ˳ǽԺ 
ӳҸ򣬵ͷһٳô۽㣬ֻ͵͵Ī֡ 
һ᷿ǰã㣬˴㿴 
ŻŽȥ 

ЩֺխСֻһľ崲ҲûУǼªһɫƵĹڴϣһǧУҪ 
𶯡 
ǧæȥԼϣһԻӣһ 
ɨһȦҲûУֻðŴˣˮָͷ棬ϸϸյ蹦ŷſ 
ҿ̦ 
ˮԣǧͷ̧΢΢ſ졣 
ԲãΣֻϡɼޡ 
翴һһǧͲסʵӣҽо𣿡 
λճ־ɫ;룬ӲѪҺѪģּȾʱߣѳɷ졣 
첡ǸյĲ֢ⲡܻţ˵һ룬ǧɫ䣬ҽ 
ǧ£ⲡβζûʲôˣ⵱ڣˮͻȻ˿ȴ򶨣һĨЦһHÿͬʬ㣬òܣǰǿţǷĲ㣬ҲˣûиǣңȥҲȥðˡ 
һЦ¶һ˿ɣů紺ˮˣرʱĸ׿Լеʱһᣬǧᣬǳɴ 
ˮĪɥ֮ⲡδ֮ҩȬ¡ 
ǧէȻɴ۾ӣ㡭˵ģ 
ϲÿڳݶˡ 
ҩȡһƿҩһƿǲ裬ÿÿ裬¾£޾ƵĻɡ 
ƿӲҲҩȲûһúˣҩȳţٿӣҩ˱ⷽȥץÿռȣȳһ£ɡ 
ǧȻϲʱȴ¶ɫˮҲЦлλֻĶӳҩˣɡ 
΢΢һЦɣҲǼҩ̣ͷҩĵȫÿﵽǶȡҩǡҩѺ˵ûоǷţպٻҲ޷ 
һˮҲ¶ϲɫһһл 

һ磬㵽ȥŵرӣһȥŸ˷׻ӱѸˡ 
Ӳ󣬿ʰҲķѹ򣬻رҩֽĻƹǵرӦȥˣ˵һ׼Լʰšȥңҩʦãֵջˣµ̸ǣͬһӺԺ 
磬Ĩΰñ죬ǰͷ˻ȥһǧ档 
ʱֹҩˣ㽫ͷƷ£ȿ˷ӣշץҩ 
ӣҽҩһ˯ð࣬ϿȵҲôˡ 
ǧ˷ӣǧлǸɫģӸ߸ŴӺԺæµ֪ӣȻҪʲôû𣿹ֽűҰʰɨ 
˵һ㸡ʱҳɨɨ 
ҩģҲȥˣһʮҩ㶼ãٿ£ɨøɸɾſõζˣЦֽﱿˣҸһ죬Ҳʰøɾ 
ǧ˱ϲĶҪʰ޵ģһҰɡ 
֪һ⣬㲻ȴָָԺҲŰﶼûʰǲ㹦򣬵Сֵܰʰһ 
ǧ֪αźã»Ʊ˳ 
Ͳ󣬸ɻȴһѺ֣æϰգʰ޵øɾۼͷƫҩԺȥǰ﹫ӴɨǼ᷿ 
ڶȻֹˣ˵ 
ϲڿԷķ˼òˣнռ˭֪ǧȴԣеⶼÿӰ𣬱صӿ˿۽㷹ˣÿնЩ̲ϡ࣬ЩûôõĲˣûȥýҲ 
Т˳壬ϲʵҽݿһץҩĻ²ʹҸڿҴ֣ԸԸ⵽ԺǮո֮Ӷ㡣 
ǧ˵ʱһĨϲɫȥҧŴһǺˣܸӣǧһǧһԸ⣬ֻԺ輧һԺڲūţȻĶҲȥá˵ӸԼɽ㻹ԺǰиտңӦܲԼˡ 
Ƭ̣ʵҪ٣ 
ǧһҪӲŹ 
漴ʲôϺֺ죬ϸֿׯĺԱҪȥҪۣ˵ǡǺˣʱٴЩͲֵǮˡ̸ˣǺԱȻòˣûɡ 
˵£ʲôףպҪͯſϳ߼ۡ 
ǧĬȻΪԼȴ죬ȱ֣ԺÿæǣԺϲҪź򣬰£ұɻʲôǮ 
ЦҸɻϸԺʹʲô˯أ 
˵ǧͺˡ 
ƤԼĻﰵЦҲͲٴȤˣղ˵ȳԷɡ 
˸ȵǧ㳨ƤԾǣһռȥ 
ǧˣֻиӲ˼


ʮһ 

գرȻƹ˵ʵҩҲϵãˣûգҲˣҽݱ㿪 
ǻڣǱˣÿߣֻæЩϳҩĻƣԺȴǲȥġ 
ǧԾɰʱʱ磬˱ȥԺϴɨʰӣߡ 
粻ͷ£ڹãգκ˼ˣϳģڶഫȥ㶼¿ҽôղأҲͶ 

ԺϿӭͣʱԺǶ˯δֻѾͷС˲˴ȥɻ 
ǧź˾ˣ֣βЪ£ʱ˴ȥˮźԷҩҪҽȥûţȴйū˻ 
㵽ǰͷȥ 
ǧһ㶣ô磬ʲô£ 
ūüŪ۵һ֣Сģúã˼ҿϣҪȥ 
һﲻɲ˵ЩƨһֱҪǧһѡ 
ǧŭžһ´ūצӣĸСүֲģֵ 
ģãԺＸū㶼ţǰΪˮ̻Ųû֣ЩƢǿ˴ƴƴһ˶֪Ǹ̶ͷͣЩūռҪˣǰռЩˣ뻹ûմֱ㰤һ£ҲѻֵƾôүȥҲǸģƢбµ˼ȥϸǷˣûùӳԡ 
һһ 
ǧ־ŭקԼҲ𡣡 
Ⱦǰȥˡ 

ǰͷǰһӣЦ仨ǧˣϲӭȥҵĶĸˣп͹Ҫȥء㿴ˣ˵һ˲ŵһλӣǰͷǸԱɿβ֪٣˵ϲԸͯ᲻㣬Ҳõǰ̲ǣӦˡ 
˵ŵȵλӼвûзˣָҪ㣬Ǹзģպź꣬ˣ˵ûܷȥĪҪ֪ôˣӣͷ£ɲеͷԡ 
˵꣬аѿ 
ǧͨ죬Ҫʱūṫӣǧһ첼һôˣ죬𣿡 
һֱֻ㸧ǧͷ 
ǹӽǧ类ס˰㣬˫۵ɵϴ󣬴ϱһѹеӣ㡣 
־ϲ֮£֪˵Щʲôˡ 
ǧƢˣʱҲģŤεع˵ЩлֽУǧӿǴˣ˵벻ọ́Ҳһˣ컯 
ǧϲò֪Ǻãؾؿ㰥ѽѽУҵĶǶĸʲô 
һַԸūˮ̹ŽԺĳͶ˵縮ϡ 
ǧǻϲɵˣһŶһˮ̽ҩʦúԺһС 

ס˶᷿ˮ̽ǧȥлЦһסԺӿյģ飬ǧ⺢ӺǺڿ죬ұͯˮֻܰӴˣԺһӦʳˮϴҪͷޡ 
ˮʮһ⣬ľƣӭƤӪǻǸѾͷҲùЦһ֪Ǹլʺģ˵ˣǱȻὫǻϲͬǧ氲ס£徲 

ҽտҽݿ˸£𽥶һæҵ˸ǧ棬ۿֿ죬һѧʶҩձƵҩ񣬻ʱЩɢʡ˻ô󹦷 
ּʱһֵͣܡ 
ˮ԰ľУÿҽҩʳǾĴһպùһգ˪ʱԺʰķ̻ӣ˽ӹǰݡ 

ͷҲ࣬ʱɫѰ 
ձ뵽һҴϷ˿귽ӱס˳Է·췱ǡ 
˾¥ӾѹˣҩʦõĻҲؼȥˣŰ壬ƵŽ 
һխֱͨԺһ߽ԺﴫŲŲԾ֮䣬ɳһŲϢǽǲ 
˿ѵ˵ƣԴ͸ռԺӰݵһ䵶£һѪۣ֣ȫע 
Ҳ֪ʲôһһʽ󿪴ϣλĪ⣬ֻǱʱΪɬǲҪּΪ 
翴岢ˣǾ棬ֿһǽ߳ȴ֪ԭ㾹ǻġ 
ӻˡ 
ǧˢһʽӭҲ֪˶ãǺ飬һ㵥Ҳʪ͸ 
θǲ˹˵ӳԷҺͽȳˣһƬѼҹãڻأʱˣȥ 
ڰ֣ѳԵùˣˮϺȰɡ 
һ˵һȥųһϸ÷紵ţ˵ 
ݣǧµȥӻ米ҩ䣬Цȥѣ¾ȣ˺һ׼ 
ǧһͷһ̶ػȥԼﻻ· 
ҩ䣬ڵ¿ǵţʵ⵶ǾͣʽǱһõ䵶ϷټǴӺεôʹһ׵Ҿû 
ղԼҲʹ֪ĵʮ֣ȴûһʽն̼ΪټȥԾʹһɰԵ׳֮⣬ɴɺǧ΢ѧôһ׾ĵǾ档 
⵶ҵģҲдһһġ 
ӳ¶ˮǧһһԺ輧ý裬긮˽֪ʮһһ轣ķýʮǰҵӱ꣬ԺԾƣʶһ飬Ժﱾղģɲ֪ôƫҵȻ˲ӿ͵Ķġ˭֪ҵڱ˷ˣһס꣬дŴȥ˵ҵǸŵģҲأҲҴһߣ½֪ƫʱѻңҵһĵЩʱգķ˵ͷĸӡҵ˵ֻŮûӣӣ˵кһˣ㽫嵶£һ˵洫ӦˣԺţ˭֪ȵҲûҵ 
ǧ¶ɫ޺޵ҵǰӱ㶼ˣҺٲ裬ڳûϳȥǿҳҰòˣǰи˽㡣ԭźѾͷʱǻ˵ҪСˣһڷԡͷ껹Щн㻤ţ˸ΪңʹˣԺҲûô⣬ر۵ͷΪԱұҵµĶд𵶷˸۸Һͽ㣬Ǵһܡ򲻹˼ңϱЩūñףѧЩʽûгԿԺ֪Ǹ̶ͷҲû˸ǡǰЩæչ˽㣬⵶ϳһʱû£

ʮ ϲ֮־ϧֲ÷ſ֮ɬԭϰʦָ֮ʡ
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һ˵ҵЩ㽫Ǳƣָָɺã
֮ԼҵĹǾñѧȥģĪ˵Ҫ׿ǱʱҲҪô粨Щֹأǧ泤ڼԺҲͬ⣬һ˵ɣһҲкβףָ̣˳ȥ˵ӣԭ㻹õһֻ˿ء
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翴˰ޣ˯ǰнʽһ飬⵶Եʽɱִűеĺű׳ȿϽսҲⲫɴۣɫһ㽫ǧϤָ㡣
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δǧں滽ԷӦһһͷȴѲ



ʮ 

ϰȻжӲĿٿȴŲҲûɳһ书˵ãֲ棬˭ո߹ȥ 
ԭͬ޸ɣѰ˼һҲ̿ȥתԺԷ 

հԼҽݻҩ˻ұʹҲδˮ֮ǰտɺܵöˣֵֶܵΡ 
簵չͣ˿ּˬ죬ϲ׽Ц̨ 
˵ű㻽ǧȥ¼ҩԼ崴ҩ 
˿ڴ׵ҩһʱûãȴ޿֮ˣͬл䡣 
ʹ󲻹缸꣬ȴǼ㣬ʱϴһ㣬˵طͷͷǵԣʱͣԴǡ˵Ŀϣ˲ɴ֪֮У̸ 
ֱ˵аʱҩǼú˽ַŵˣŶȣֻһǺҩ֭ӱüͷһ壬ǰ˰βӲȥ꣬ٶһţȥľպ֭Ӱ㡣 
ʱʹȴһԣһҩԵ˼ѣ翴ʵЦæǧЩˮڡ 
ȾһˮпɬԼһ̲סȡЦ˵Ȥܵס֮ʹҩȴ̡ܿ 
΢΢һӣʲôʹ¿࣬֩򼣬Զѡ 
ҩץƬʲݸһЩ 
Ǹʲã廳һ֣߶š 
ʩʩȻȥˡ 

࣬ÿʱǰҽݻҩ˿ڳԹҩ뻳綫һʱвæҽΣ㲻һ΢Цۿ 
ò˹̸ˬֹжȣһøУʱһã뻳죬ǧ桢ˮͬʶÿ㽫ҩȼ˳ţԡ 
ҹʱֱ׷׹ţҩʦҲһŰЪҵֻǰһһĲţ˼֢Ρ 
Ժһ̿ůڣͬˮԶɱۼӲΧסмһƬӣһԹս̲סָ㣬һ½ǴƴŸԵһС飬ɳΧȻһƬ 
վ岻ôһ˵Խһö½ǣȻΪ֮һ䣬ϲЦտˮȴˣüһЦ岻ӣ๫ֿɲԶˡ 
ȥֻ磬ҲǵģôĻΪҸСŮӡ 
ˮЩʱķ̻磬Ȼ׼λӺԶżԽҲֵģʴ˷ĴЦ 
ȻⷬȤЦȴǸڿͷϳԿģصԲӣҪ֪Сˣ䲻ǾӣȴҲԸһСˣֵܳԿ 
뻳ͬգǸӣЩڿ죬ǳֵ֪ͬģĪ˺ƿף֪ȴμɻ䣬ɵңٽʱ䣬йڡ 
ûͷҼҹӱҲûÿԣҲ๫˵ĳڡ 
ˮЦһǣһְӣб๫Ծ֣Īһ˵졣 
籾Ͳ֣ƽλóӹͬˮɱһʱɱ˸ѽѷ֣ˮ̸ʤһӮ˰ȥ 
ˣʱ磬ɲˣȥ 
²缦֮һθɾģֻǣһʱǧ˾Ʋ̻ͬ÷ 
ɫʢһЦôˣԵ꣬ˮһþǡ 
ˮ̡ǧֻһЩʱմͬһ޶ѲӺү׵ϾķģҲͲ 
ԼкβףȴһĨɫת˲ţԾЦ΢΢Բ 
ˮ̴ʱһЦôʹãͬһԷģ˵пڣ񲻽๫Ц 
һʡͣȷȻˣŰˣЦڣͼǸ֣ﻹ轲ʲô¡˵һͶֶҹԼﷴɡ 
ͣϲˮ̵ǲС֮ˣƽЩģһ°ɡ 
˵ˣˮҲͲƴǣǧһΪڲƣźüܵ 

ùлһʱ磬ǣš 
⣬ЦҲиϲؼҹڵʱ򣬶Լ˺˻ȥȴͷһڱҸϹڣȻȹµһ˼ 
֪һ˹ζݣ⼸飬ճһСһҪȪȥ£һͬȥ㣬ϼƽ 
ҲͬڴӦãұ߶š 
˿Ǻʱ˼ҷ̻ըʣһƬϲ֣ɢĻԿƮ£Ѥӳγ˫һִķֳֿʮˣһ±©һġ 
ұסڵĳ¼ǿջ·Ҳ͵ˣֵĪҪͣȥɡ 
ҽݻҩ࣬Ӳ͸¶Լ֮һȴԴ˽֪޷ٽȴ޶ۣ̼ȻģЦ֣ˣСܱ㲻ˡ 

׹ԺˣûգѵԪѽڣƻᣬˡ 
˹ţҪǧȥһƻȥ¼ǿջСƾŷ͹һ飬дм£Ǳ𣬶ѾԻơ 
翴ţʻƣǼʱߵģ 
ҹߵģλүʲô£˶ûᣬֻӣѹţƤдҽݸ 
ߵ˴æⰵǺμ£ֵ඾ָһӣ嶾ҩٺҲúˣַֻѵһͶѣһҲ֪ʱټ΢Ȼ 

£Ҽһ㶼æµһ︴գһƬ֯ 
ǰ࣬һձǴ֣ۼа±Ǿ˹ɳ˼ŻعһˣɨĹ㡣 
˼ȶʱǧʰƥң̡̣ǧ濴Ż 
䣬ˮһΪУӣǰԺǧȥһǸ²ټæ˽ 
粻죬ʮ־ϲǧȥһ 
ЦҶˣҪֵֶٷԡ 
һ˵һǷԵ߰˷ֱԣ˵ɣղǶ赭дмµͲ˽ģ̰ҲҵΪУһȥһѣߵļЩ 
¹ر񣬻ҲͲٶʣת˻ͷҴӼд̳þƹڳ¼ǣ̧ʹһ 
ɲɣձҪţһʱȲˡ 
һŶԶУ 
ͷаǼгɳȥݼ·;ԶôҲø¹򡣡 
ֵ漮δ 
һͣƽǡĽׯһٲܹ飬һѻķϣĩ˵·ᶹȡ 
һϴɫᶹȣλҽǸ 
ǣҽСܾ˹˴λȥΪ˰ݼ˼ҡ 
˫һģֵһҽǴλҽˣֵ˵á 
ֵҽ֮κԵüҵҲֵͬȥҽĹǰݼһԱ֪ɷ񷽱㣿 
Եʣ΢ɣֻһתп˴꣬һҲڹⲻߣҲ赣ĽǣȻӦʡ 
һ˸·Ȥּȿ飬֮á

ʮ 

һգУʱĽһ·㲻棬ҹޣڸǰһջص˳ᶹС 
зԾͬ뿪ʱһྻͷҲȱЩʱﲢţԾģݷңȥжǰʳߵȥ 
ò飬вȻ뱸ȻǺһ׼ģǱˣʱһ׷죬ֳ˶ 
ǧ桢źţû¹ʱվȻƶԶҳģҲϲ绹£һ⳴Ű׷¶ǣԵζ޲ڡ 

˱ʮգ˯£գ磬ӸƮݶǣҲװš 
һӸСװʳУǰ˹ǰԵļһһĹǰ򣬹˼ͷ 
ǰģĽһܸǰߵͷҺ֮ 
ֺ󱲣ȴᶹϸ𣬱ǾĽƷɣҾҲˣȴһĹǰʵʵߵ˼ߵʵݼ¼Ⱦϲ־мԽλĿɽύ 
ϣ˻÷̸˵𽪶ƽ£˵һ̾һ֮⡣ 
ǺүʱҲԼǰ㹧άӺĽȨƣΪ֮ԼȴһƽȨƣۼɣȻĽ˹֮ʣȴһǿԼķϣ˵Լģ֪ˣ׻ϲ̸ 

׻߶ҩɢټ֮ֻ򵱳ôæЯȴʰһȥǣ̻ϼգϸϸ 
ⷬ˵ЦҾųᶹȴѵԵǰͣҪһֵܲ˵ҲҪסϼգȴãֵֻʰǣҲͨҽҩﲻæֵĪҹԷɻǡ 
˵ﻰǿͣûнп˸˸ɻĵ 
̸Ц˵ڹס£ȥҩʰҩĵ裬йй䣬ֻʱһ˵ 

ǰ²ҩѰ罫ҩװһֻҩϻֽ̫ʦµͽһҽϣ칦׵ 
ֻŴҰϴɾ˽뻳硣 
ϣ㹽񻨽֮ȥɵĺҶסŵȥ֮ʱ˵磬˴Σδõ֮ 
˹ģҲţʳȴֻһֻĶӣ㷹Բʳͬлճȼһ׮¡ 
ҽɽɢһأúõʯ֪˭ǵڵϣҲڿȥ¶һɭɭ׹ǡҼʢĹײĲϺľϣҲ֮ˣб֮Ҳֵ˼Ǯı͵Ҫ˵ĹҲ߯Щ 
ֻкβһ㣬˵һ룬֪˭뵽Ⱥ˶ԼȺڽβ˳ϵʱ΢΢ɫٲúʵֵ֮ܿϵã 
üͷβҽһ˵һ飬ֻȥһڲᡣ 
֪β࣬ұ㲻Ϊģ˶ʬ 
ȴΪȻӵ˱Ȼǰ޺񸣣˱ʬֻرӦˬֵֺ𡣡 
˵ЦЦֵԭǺ£ֻδ̫ƣһҽ֮˶ѣҲֵ㾡ľ֪ܣһΪ룬ѱպ󲻱ơ 
һشһЦֽѵǣպ֮ˣһ۶Īཻĺá 
̣ܽͷؼһ˫ЦֻԼϴתԼҽ֮ʱֺγǸ֮ˣ⻰˵ѻԼһ㣬ǰʯͷԼĽţʱһ󷢾ֻƤװͷȲ裬ϷһڸɾûлЦȥ 
Ĭһ裬νˣ̧ͷԾɴ׵ü֪ԼѿԽϲһڲçʱЩС֮򽻵ӾˣƫȲֵܿˣֵܼЦˡ 
΢΢һЦҳԿ㣬ʡõġ 
һЦ䣬ƴ£бһڶֵܣиƽϡѵͶԵͬգβΪ˰֮䲻ţµҲмʹ֮ˣƵһֵպѴֶȻԮ֡ 
ϿңοȻӦʡ 
ɺֲֵ֮á 
ϲ߹ȥãģӴ˽Ϊֵܡ 

˾ǲС֮ˣҲ㰸ֻߵ⣬ȼעڵϣ°˰˰ݡ 
꣬ס֣ϲҸֻһӣСֵܽãһǹµ֪ģҽһʶ˵ֻףʱ룬һֵܿɸöãһ֮£ҾȻͬգɲԵϸҽֵô 
ֵպֵĪٻҺ֣ǡ 
һһ˿ʹ漴̧ʱһºЦݣ硣 
⡸硹˲֪ٴΣһڣȻȻıǻۣбһʹνвڣֻǼ˫ĿԼֲʧֻûһ磬֡ 
ȴ֪оǸˣվֽԼϵŵһ¹Ƥ衣 
аö룬һ۱ǰ䣬ףֻվʮ֮ڣͨ챾Ҳ޿ɱܡֵΪƣòģֻ޳ŷҲǺõġ 
صİó뻳磬֮Ͽ֪ҲԸжֻһʱԻЦл磬ֻС޳һʱȴҲ㡣 
Цֵܽһ磬Ѳʤϲ֮ɱȡֵ˵ǿ߯ˡ 
˵ǣСܹˡ 
һ˵ԼǣӶЦޡ 

ڹסգ絽ҴȥҵģлһЩӣշһӦ£˽βһ¡ 
ϻصУ֪˺βĹҡҡͷǹֻ£΢΢һЦֻ⣬±Ϻ󣬱ʰ˶طꡣ 

ʱǶµףů·һƬ̣·ɽˮһǵ·䵫ɽȸˡ 
һֱ࣬ɽ·ʪ˱㲻ҲֶֻУϸɽһ·۾ҲһȤ 
ɽʮﳤһతɽڣһɽˮ걩ǣһСɿĺӵһߣˮҪ· 
һͷ϶ңָһ죬չǰǴɽ䣬߰ͨٵˡ 
ɽ䴦·խһͨУǰ·вͨҪͷкɽһͩವһƼʸƿֱ֮˶ɫ䣬һСģ


ʮ 

δ䣬Ѳһ֧ǰļˮ֮С 
һ˲ƺԾԵϼһöʯ˾ȥһʹ 
 
齣֣ɽһЦ 
ҲԾվȫ䱸 
ɽ֮ǲľдУϸҶƬ֮ϣɳɳ죬ȴڲסһͺȣɱ 
˾һӰԲľһԾе¡ 
һȺ߱ϵūš 
üߣһ߳̽дƿֱ֮Ϯţæл糶 
ɽԾĹˣֽýݣһ֪һ֣䵽ǰֱɱУԼء 
˴ɽխ⼸˼һ򶷱Щתս㽫ɽǰסߡ 
Ҳ˽ģ˿̽гʣһֻ̼֮䣬˽߰вֹһжȴǺϾвԼ 
ϲФϹ赣ͩʲôôҲ˵Īļˣǲֵ 
һԲϲŭֻһнһУЩ߳ŭ֮⡣ 
翴һֽ棬֮񣬹жȣԼ࣬Ҳͷģȥ֣תעˡ 
˼ͬսĽżͬлػ֮⣬ȻǼػ磬סҪЮ໥ʹɫһԱժֻ򻳷ۡ 
֮в۹·֮ˣʱŭ֪ǳҽӸõҽտƽƽʱվ鼱֮һͷһȴԼ߿ճôһ飬Ƕ˳϶ֱ̣ͦۼҪ֣ȴбһǰ˶˹ƣ漴һִФ̫ԨȱϹҸ 
һʿ磬ִδ¶棬˱㵱ʹ彣಻ӹŻֻӰˣһֱһ÷㡣 
һ˽еϳʽҪ죬ʹʱҪѰĪ˵㣬ҲѲףһʹȴߺִ̳ÿһ̾Ѹ磬ƫ˿һнУ佣֮֮ǿಮ١һ¼˾ǴһһȴϲԶھ档 
Ҿֵ֪ܽãƽżһ 
˵ϲͣԽФϹ赽뻳ԸԼȥ˵Ļ 
֪罣Լ֮£Ҳ㲻ٷǣרĶԸǰˡ˼һȥƸʢɱе˼״һȺ֮κһˣɽխʩչţ˸æҡ 
⼸˼ù£ϹҲʣ֧ȴУ׼һȥ㽫ִϸתۼ伸ѷ׷׵н¡ 
֮䣬꽥ͣˣͷ¶ʬ֮ϡ 
̽ȥʬϲһһһ飬ЦƾǼҲɱңǲ 
˵ƥŻܵǰȥǣ˻䣬̲סʣЩ˭ڹ컯ףҪ𣿡 
վֱӣ⼸˾Ҽūͣ߱๼ɱҲɱˣʬ׶ǣӹء 
һ˵һ˵ʬһš 
ʬǸ޺ʮ຺ӣһڵϣʱ۾ݺݵ̧𣬽޼Сһˤ 
˷˱չȥֻˣ֮±ͻ䵽Ѳֹʱ䣬һȣˮ 
סһԾˮ 
δûˮ֮ʱֻһ죬ʯž˱󣬾轫ɽըһ顣 
˿̻δģˮһˮ㶳ô£ڱˮԣֻڳᶹˮ̶żϷˮǿε²ףȼ֮ȴ޿κΣʹŲŽͷ̽ˮ棬εȴǲˣˮһ½ԼԶʱ鼱֮´У磬磡 
ûðͷԼǺˮڽʱһˮ滩һðԴĸ 
û𣿡 
ֵû𣿡 
һ㼴ѯʶԷͬһ㶣æ 
û¡ 
û¡ 
ͬͬյأҪӶЦ 
ˮԼãεΪæεߣס򰶱ȥˮ̫βһ߱㱻γһ࣬ҽ׿ݲƽˮϱдԲ㱻вΣ߰أһӵխĵطס˰һˮ֦໥˰ 

ӵ˱ˮ嵽ѻͷԲ涫Ŀܾçç֣ӶеɽҲ֪Ķȥˡ 
ʪһ͸ıſڰЪһҲסˣȡůŵĻͲģãκβ¹꣬ľʪİ죬ǲֻð˼ɺ̣ӲŲ 
˿̽磬ͷʢ֮ʱȴһƬƻƮѷۿһꡣ 
һɫüͷ΢壬Ҹɽ㣬ȥѰ· 
Ȼ飬˳׼ȥ 
أҵһߵɽǿݵˣæ˽ȥŽȥãǵش棬оǴִҶɳɳ֮ 
ⶴһɵϼſ֦ܲݣǻ֮̾ڴˣϲûʷӦһӣصޡ 
԰࣬а࣬βǰ̹Ȼȥ˼֦ɨ㣬ɨһϸɾ˷Űʯͷ¡ 
ȴҲûţǰ˺Щֽ֦п֦ճһѵˣȼССһѻ𣬼ҲȡЦֵǴҳĽҰ⻹㽲ȴȲãҲˣൽ׾ǡ 
ˮд߰һ֭Ȼûãʱϸһ꣬Ȼ˾һǱ̬֮ȻʧЦ 
֦ೱʪڻ߿ţһǿɵһӽͷкڻϺ濾ԼҲ·ֻڻȡů 
˻ԵķһڣѿտҲƫϣֻʱҲˮιȥˣů͹ȴǰ󱳣ű˴˹һǳŲסЦ 

ϧûԵֻôͣٴֻҰˡ 
ԽǳȥҲʲôһ̾ 
彣̲˸ɾΨһϻҩȴòϵڱϣؽۣһƿҲδ£ʱϻӼһƿҩһö 
 
ԣȴɶУһֻ򣬴ҩ轥֭ǸֻůģԾ񷴱ȷŽ 
ʲô鵤ҩ 
ٹ衣 
ԼҲһҩ;̲סЦרζ 
һ㶣ƴЦֵֻҽȴԭǰɣ鵤ҩޱٹ֮ġ


ʮ 

һʱưһ㣬˰СЩȴ¸ͣ 
ѿˣҲӺðɣˣЩʪȴůࡣ 
ֵܣȥˣΪֵǡ 
粻ʱȥ촽ЦһЦҶɱӽˮݹ 
˵Ǽúˡ 
ͷˮͷɢøϵסжڣ֮Уȴһκʿ̬֮ҫ£һЦˣкرһȡ 
ȹˮٿʵЩ˼ǴͣԵҪôأʲô 
ˬֱĴ棬ʱ£ֱѯ 
֮£ȥһƬ䣬һЦ˵ˣ¹ؼҳ󣬱⴫ֵֻȴˣ˵һ˵Ҳ޷ 
һ룬µԴͷȴӱ֮ʱˡʱ֣ڽϴôһƬҵֻһδ飬ϥ±ûжŮм̼ҵֻĸͽյ⼸ͽܾһʱ˽ܣ¸Ҫְ˭ҲϷ˭˾ԼΪãһƬҵ˶ñۼ㡣ͽһҵ̫游ǳТҲϲǰѡм̼ҵͽҡ 
ʵ书Ǹ̫游ڼʦֵвö֮ˣһʣǼʦֵ̫游δرѹƵסȴǳǸ༸Ļϲ⣬ûнԼһڹķ⼸ͽܣֻ֮͵͵̫游ķһֻǳϰȴգʴζ̫游򲻵Ѳֻ˼ҹŲãǼͽܱ̫游ΣֻķȻ̫֮游ֻϰһ㹦༸ʦֵȫ֣òֵֻ֮϶ȴ޿κˡ̫֮游ֽҵķ游游Ҹʱȴ˲ӡ 
˵ɫһƬء 
Ҹѧţķ̫游游ΪѸ٣ȴҲ´ֻķиһϰһо֮ݣҸʮ֮ʱΪ游ʮ൱֮Ҳһ峿Ҹɣϣ̱ڴ±㼴游ҵѹҸⲻ⣬ļͽ綼ϲֻЩͽܵĺȴϵһмλȨ֮˸ĦȭҪ֮λΪƴһǴʦֵͽһʦܵĺˡף˱ΪʣҪЮ彻ķؼʱҲв֮ףްһٳˣٰı֮ҲֻǴʦֵͽأĵĺ˱Ըֻýķһ 
Ǿ˵ڻʼңȨλ֮ԲټֻıϾ续ɽ֮λȴһƬҲҲֵУɴü 
彻ķ󣬽岻ʣҾʹӣҵྡĵĺˣ˼μһλ˵ҲвŸɣإ佫ҵ١ֶԴ˰£Ҳûǵ鷳ÿֻʱϷֺ죬˴ദΪǰ˲ֻһŮǼûձˣ޺ǲһ֮λֻǼ躹޶ʮ꣬˷ˣһ̴ɱȥľ黯ְѵһǿЩ֣޲ߵ׳ͣ˷һѩǰüˣΪһ๣ƫ˲ͼɱֶȡ֮޲ɼĴĺˣͩģǽɽǼ˵ˡ 
ˣ緽ǰ̾һֻΪӵƽҪˣĺ 

˵ֻЩ˵ײֵܣѸԸͣɱҲ㲻Ѫˡ 
ǲΪ⣬΢̣ҲͲ˵ȥת˻ͷֵܿǺǺ 
ἰ˼Ȼ˿ǵʲô 
Ƕӣ𿴸ͷ氵ػҩ±㴥رըԲһ֮ڶ޻Ҳһ֮±ҪĶӣܱסֻʮֽһöӱҪðƽһӵ֮Ҳֻ׼ұһңÿ಻ƳöѣǮδõ 
˵΢΢һӣͩʦֵĺˣ۲ŸԶˣϧⶫ֮ףԶ²򲻵ѲãȻֻҾɽʱ£Ķ֮ƫҲأΪ֮أ᲻Žǽӵһ 
˵գ𷽲ֻһߣǴ˿ƽ£಻¡ 
ȴǰ£ôСһŵ边˹뵽ιأܽװؾǺεƵ뷽跨и֪źá 
ֻת˲뵽ԼǸˣȾֲ֮ԼģһǻѪʱҲ޹⣬ĬȻ 
һ³ֻ£Լǣۡ 
⼸ͩɽһͩ˿ãһЩҲһ·Ӧ޷գֵܲصġ 
Ƭ̣ڰοԼǺЦǸжȴ˵ƣ΢΢Цŵһͷ 

˵ڶ£úҹ꽥ͣˣʱѷ磬һƬС 
˱˰գڳӣѰٵ 
ٵʮǸ򣬴ʱֵ磬ʳзϣǼꤣȴκ޷ġδԹ׾ݣŵԷһק䣬һָӡ 
Ծǻ̯ǰԶǸֻ̯ӣһʮʮֻ̯ǰվŸ󸹱֮ˣһɽָ߰˸ָˬﻹŰȷ磬ֻ 
Щֻ޷Щɽˮ֮ʷƵ㣬Ѱ˼һҲĹȥˡǼʵʴҪӹһֻ彲ۣҪʮӣʱ죬еֽҲҪ߼ۣүҲ֪껭ⲻ֪ϲ٣һҲʮӡ 
ǱӴףһȥӼҪ᲻ûǮੲݡ 
翴һ֪Ǻ⣬ҪֳգһգۣţĪҪ 
˵ȥ̯ǰһɽˮͼͿһ濴һޡ 
ʶǻϲϴɫԽӡ 
һ̾ȹֵ࣬ʮһҲӱЩϧСδæǮֻ̾ˡ 
̾꣬»ˣصߣ˱ߡ 
翴һͷˮ֪Ū飬£ͲͳҳƵĺɰһжʮ 
ŻȻ򣬡͵ 
˵һ룬æ˫ĿɵϴǾ棬ӵǮ 
ӣһЦΪֿտտɻȥɡ 
˵սСһˡ 
δɹ͵֮£ֻǴ̼ǲأǱֻǴһǻ˼ʱϣﻹȥǮ·һݰ


ʮ
˳Ա㣬йСˣִļҿջɾļҳƵúãˣŻȥ˻ϴ·Ͷסޡ
Ƕʮ㹻С˼ҹ꣬ȴܲסãϺõĺȥһ룬ӱʡԼŲ꣬ȴƺ޹ǣһջҪϷֽСˮϴԡ
ϷһҪһӣۼʮʣ޼粻ⵣǣȴֻһЦֵĪҪģֻܺЪϢǡ
˵г񣬻ҲͲٹʣϴһһȥȴӦǡСʰԡͰص͹٣λ鷽ųȥˡ
һ㶣ȥĶˣ
СĿɲ֪λүû˵
ֻûطȥȣŵţ⽥Ժ˯˹ȥ
һ˯ֱʱһۣɫȻ͸һƬž
ϵƣȥûУ˽еֵܿ𣿡
ˣ
һЦվ⣬СŸḷ̌һ˿沢һȲ衣
ֵ˯ãҲöˣΪֱг㡣
л硣
ʳϣС˳ȥʱ˷ţбֻʣˣȴֻһ룬ʣ粻𣿡
£˱ЦˣĪҪңľǡ
һ˯ƳȷЩˣҲ㲻ٿһһʣȥĶˣҾ֪ʱġ
գգۣǮȥˡ
Ŷһϲѣ
ҲҲҡһҡͷͷһξĶѡ
粻⣬ЦеһҲճ£ǧ꣬ʮദ˵ʵǮ⣬һҲò࣬׷ҲǷţΪֱȥЩá
˰Ծ͵粻Ц
뻳һɵİ򿪣¶߰ŽҶӣԪʮӣһƵǰؼһˣǲֵͬУЩֵ̲ܵһ·ӦǾˡ
һ£
һЦͩ⼸ûܻȥʱ֪û⻹Ҫ£輰ȥˣԷҸ䡣
üĿ¶֮ɫһϲοޱ۰ףֵǣΪ׵ȥֵܰѾԻ
ֶΣȥСģСܱ꾲
컹δȥУȫ٣Ȼʧȥ̨ˣƹڵͬλүѽ˽ˣ⻹ƥ͹٣С϶ȥǣ
ʱСǣƥＯģʮ񿥣ҲʵҰͷһӦȫ粻λϸģһů˸ͷһߣ򱱶ȥ
ףûһ˿磬Ҷͷɹˣ޾ɴš
Ź˾ڼûһˣ䶼⣬Ļȴģţſڹ˯
ҩʦôųԴһûһĵҩʱֵвûһˣ˺ԺȥЪͷһһСʱ㱻û˯⣬ֻϴ˰ֽϣī
һƪпд꣬Ժһ󼱴ٽŲѵһűײǧͷ󺹴˽
ôˣëëģ
±ʣ˵й׷㲻ɣųӣ
ǹ
Ҳ֪ȵĻǼģǧɫף״ϢĿİͰ͵ӣҡҴ˻ˡں׷ҡ
һ±ʣʲô㶼ʲôˣô˼ں׷
ǧ洹ͷίίգȥϷأ·ڿʵȥԲȡǲ߰˸Ŀ̣иָֺڵͷһҽ㲻ĿҡҾˣ䡣
գĹĵؾ˶ʮˣҲЩ棬ȴĲ֪ܣңҽʲôлкˡʹҴĹûֳǲһջʹҲ֡˭֪Ⱥһģ£ǻӣͷ⧲Ҵ£ͬЩ˱㶼Χңҽһ׵ʹ˲˦ǴӲӳ
˶ڣҲˣææˣ׷Ҳߴ·ּСǰϵ㣬ʱҲǲߵģһ㵢˺ô󹦷򣬽ʱ硣һļŻؼҳԷֻ˵ͷ·ûȺڳſڣһҽǱΧһνűӣҲҾֱѰ鷳ֻڳصĶȦӣ˦ɾ˲Ÿһ
˵꣬ӵŻ磬ӣЩ˲ưոݵӣ¡ǡӣҲǹҪǻҡҡ
ᣬ޴룬»ֱۿת
һ룬ʵЩбϵ𣿡
ǧæҡҡͷûУһȭźõúܣûõջϲһƤ⣬˲˵ġ
ģԴǱûʲôɵĵģҲ˲ǼȥϷͯȣҲǲԩ
һ٣ֵһ²һ£⼸ĪҪȥˣײ¶ˣﵷҩɡ
ǧһּάԼ御ȥֻ
ӣҽȥ·ժ˺ЩҰһëζõúܣϴɾ㳢
ϲϲȥˡ
ʱһôСëҽһ̹𻨸⣬𣬻ûŵһӵ㣬˿
Ӹͷȴ࣬һţǸ⣬ʵˮôˣЩζǲֻ¶ӱţԲ緹û𣬰˰ɡ
ǧҲǶúˣӷ´һһǽģ͵ģǷիĵģֶζֺãǰո͵Ǻ֥֡ǣЩǹ𻨸⡢⣬ţٹգǱҪիĵĳˡ
͵ģ˭ôģĲ֪
ǧﺬŰ⣬³³˵˼䣬ȫȻЦٽ
˼ˮ¸ǧֻɫ˭͵ģȻǷիĶҷ²ˡǸǰȢţ㶼òˣһŮҲû£ﶼ֪ӲޣҲûļҸٰѹŮ޸ʮˣǹһҺʵӵǹòǰЩӲˣ빫ӿģӸҩͷζҩѰ˼Ҳ壬ӱˮȣǰҽݺһ£ɲǺˣȴһ֢򡣡
ס죬Цһ
ӵԼθڣֻЦžһ´ϣʲôԣ콲²ʲô֢ʱôû
ǧ氥һֱӣ㻹²һµҩշĶԽһ顢վ飬ʹ˻˼ɲ֢𡣡
һǷ²òϲ˳õһҺ֮࣬ҾʵҲ䡣
ǧ漱æӲֹ֪ȥҺ񣬼ֱǺùͷϽ㣬ףһ⣬½㲻Ӧ¹ýǲҿڣֻҵĵ˵лֻشȴֲ棬ػƵԺ㣬ֻΪ˵仰һۣҸʲôطģ˼


ʮ

Ҳ£ʵŶô˵˵ǸʵͷˮǸʲô˼ɿˣ 
ǧһ٣һ磬ɣ粻ͷȵл˵ʲôֲظ壬ݲŮ֮顣 
ǧ㲻˵˺ǶغϸҲ¥û˵ȴóǶǷ²ҲЩ˼ֻǽҲ˵ѵõĺӣǽλҲѱһֻηһЩ飬֮ȴǲġ 
һЦˮҲ߯ˣʲôҲҵģޱޣֻҪ·²ſޣұз²ֻ׾ǡ 
ǧɴ۾ؿһһԾ𣬱סֱۣǺˣ͸߽ȥ 
һ̶ȥˡ 
ߣЦһЦһУýշͼźá 

ǧǸزסģ±ȥ˽㣬ˮ־ϲ˵ȴ̲ס档 
ΧԷˮ˫ۺף˻磬Щ˼󷽣ʱȴȡЦһǰԺŰ˴ɽ죬һ֮æǧȥš 
Ī˻˼֢ȥ 
ǧȥˣʱشǰô֮ǧ澪ŴУǸʲôӣӣ 
ˮ̳һæϵǰ棬ֻվĸˣǧΧУһ߸ݵİͷһ˫Ȱ󣬽׽סǧ˫磬ֻǧɫͨ죬һţſҡ 
ˣǰ㣬Ӿң 
һݣٿֱʳָ£罣ֱء 
һѸ磬߲еֵֻ˫֣ǧ˾ӣһ±ĵ󣬴Ӻ̽ͷָǼ˵ӣЩڲж񣬻׽ҡ 
üͷһ߼ۣһȲݸȴݣһ˫۸ǾôҲǵͽ֮ɺɺ 
̨ҩʦú£ΪҼͯ 
ͷһ˫۴ʼֻǧϣɫʱƿ磬Լƽһ֣ʿ¼ɡ 
һ˵꣬ˮ̱һ 
ǡ㣡 
ɴ˫ۣ´Ƭ̣һץסǧ첲ǧ棬 
ǧǴסˣˮҡֱۣȴһҲ˵ 
ôһУ򣬿˼ۣҲһǳ̣ 
ˮ̺ͷү㵱¹ˣʮ겻֪Ϊ˸ӣĸֳ˶ٿͷǰȴĶЩҲ¶һĿɰ𣿡 
ʮһһȦһ죬ʵЩʱ޿̲ĸӣһҪǻκҷ˲׼Ҳ޷ǰЩʱҷ˹ˣͷһ뵽ĸӣ꣬ȴʮһﾹˡ 
һԻУݣ⼸˲Ǵľֻóͷʲôǽ˵ɡ 
ҩʦôŶһýַ̽ͷⲻŹۣҲǸģżһʱֹ֮ʧȣʱ侲Ҳ˼ôһ˵ͷǣԶԶԣȥ˵ϺͿˣ徻 
ͱȻֲֹȴ򻳷ԼҶӵӣʴ˲ҵԴǼǹ˵գַԸǼ˵Ǳͷš 

˽Ժ£翪ѯʣɱ㽫Լ˵һ 
ԭڽײǧ棬ֻòʮһɶ࿴ۣǵǧִˣ˭֪ʽȴ¶ߣһԼҴбһ޹ģֻ׽סʸףڳſǧˣѰˣ㾶ֱԺʮһĸ䣬Ӵ֪ʮһԼҲȥͯһ·Ѱ 
ӣĳ֮ǰǴСԮ֣ǵȻڡ˵ĳֻŮǧʵҶ磬˷꣬Ҫȥ𡣱һ飬ҸӵȮԱСһҲǸõģֻټҵȴˡĳ빫ӷСңĳǧԳꡣ 
⸸ϱǺ£ǧˣӦȴǧŭ˭ӣҴСͽ㳤󣬲ûԵĵ 
˵ֱݺݵһۣݻԼĶֻ᷿ѵһŹ˸ 
ʱվ׷ȥ˼·ţֻǲӦûֽŴˮ̳үȻذɡ 
ɴ󼱣̣ʮһϣȰȰ 
ˮɫһЦں˳ȰԭǼõģǧһʱⲻĽᣬȰǣĵȴգȰתˣȻȥѰ㡣 
ӱǰȴɸż޷룬Ҳǲܣֻø֪Լ֮أͷɥǶȥ 
ˣȥţˣɡ 
һǲӦҲȰԼ徲徲ɡ 
ų̻ݡ 

˸ʱ극ڵ¶飬ǧŽֻȦ죬Ǹոʹһ˻磬͵͵ӣ 
սһһҪæӿ£ôסˡ 
̾ĪҪޣʲôֻ˵ 
˶٣ǲԸȥȻҲӲߡ 
ǧվһӣСʱʱ޿̲Һߣļˣȴֺ޵òУ꣬ҲôһζǴţｫϣûжҲ벻ôһӡ 
룬ȻпǷĸֻ֮ǵҲǴģ˵ЩϾǰѰˣΪӣίףĻԹޡ 
˵ǧ洹ͷȥ 
ŵӵоȻΪм¹ǧǰ̣㲻¶ģֻȰǼкֻһӣ˷ȥȻҪΪõˣǿΪūǧٱҲˣܲһͯɡǧѷ꣬ǧ֮⣬һТҲⵢԼοա 
ǧ۰ͰͳӣҪҸߣ 
ڣӦȻǸøȥġ 
ЦһЦǸӱн٣պסһǣǸΣȻӱ㣬ܹ׮¡ 
ǧ˱Ĳ 
˼ЩϣҲֻȥٺú룬ͨҡ 
ȥˡ 

¼գǧ˼ջл㱵ģҲɻɵȥ 
ȴǳסÿһҩʦ̽ӶںԺϼȻɥǳȴȥÿÿҩʦŰߡ 
˵ͷǧͨӣˡ 
Ŷ 
ôԹչҵߡ 
ҲΪϲãǺһ𡣡 
˵ȥǰø֪ϲѶ 
˶ӿ׼ֱϲʤԺסǧ棬ݺᣬҵĶЩίˡ 
ǧһԣ˼գ͵ͽе


ʮ 


ǧ游һϣνԴϲôӣϲ֮ԲԣһҾ¥뻳缰ˮ̣ϯǧ 
ǧ⺢ƷԴǼϲģǰƽǴˣ˰ɣҲһ 
ǮУҲȥӣȡǧˡ 
¸ǸмִҪ½ȥҩʦá簵پȴ棬Ųƴǣȥˡ 
ɸˮ֮λ 
ˮ飬Ҳ˵лҲƴǣʼɫ䵭 
֪ҲգֻЦ 

ɼȵ˶ӣ㼱ڻؼңֹգҴҴǧ̣ǰҩʦôУǧס˻ˮ̵ֻ 
һ󣬱׵ܵܰ㣬ۼֱڼϲǧɱһȰοѡУһǱ϶ȥ 

ǧһߣˮʵѹ˼죬ҵз²ŴȰ⣬Ҳͷ˻ 
Ƿ²ȷǸˣýףҪȢ̵ӭţȻһڴӦ˻飬ձѰս̼˹ȥ͵޲˵ҲѹǮӳ²žǸж£֮Ծʱ߶ǽ統һݡ 

һߣԺбֻʣ˻һˣʳϣΪ㣬Ž׶ʹ˭֪ŴĺӲǱǻҪ͹Сòã˰쾹ûһģУ²£ձ˸Żʳѡ 
ɷڷիƣԼǳ˰Ӷģֲֽ໰ÿߣӦϲÿһǮ 
ͳִ󷽣ϲԽڿ죬һ׶Ҳ͸ 

ֹձ㵽ǺϼԲӣǰûƣ˻͵ľˮϲ̻ؼҹȥҩʦŰһ£ֻʣ˻һˡ 
ǰһʵзһ㼰ʱߣɫʮַʢһ˳Ҳ´ˡ 
ʱɫдһ㣬˵ǻԲֻΨ˸塣 
żơյͥԺرûθڣįƬ̣һƷš 
ֵһ˶ɲְ 
һ¶ǣԺкشЦ󳨣Ŀһ˰۹䣬ǽƮȻֱԺС 
磡 
һϲͬСɣϲԾʮֻ 
ϲɫҲԸ֣УЦҼµ׶ֵܣһ 
һ˵һ潫ŵһֻ̳ϡ 
ƻϴʱģǳ¼ǿջƹ񵹲ؼ飬ţýռѽڣֵܱһ 
ãȥø 
һʱ뱸˰յԻ 
Ǿǳյӣ֮𴼺ŨҲ֪٣ʿҾƣϷ˺ȣͷһٳζҺϹʱ黳ĿһƬʡ 
̫ңֵǺȲ̫ߡ 
һ¶Ǻ۽΢ʪΪǾãԼҾƹùȴǺȲߣʵòζΪ֪аˡ 
һ΢֣Ǳ˳ȵģϲԵģֵӱɣ 
Ƭ̣ȻһЦȾ£˵ֵֵܸ֣˼ѽڣǾٱ;ճзݿɺã 
˵ֵһһ 
²Ըἰο˳˵ǣԲԲ֮ҹÿǡ 
Կջֺһʱգ׿˼ټ˵Ļ⡣΢һԼؼҺβ켺Ҳ˵Щǧ淵ҳ̼˵¡ 
мıٱͣͲ꣬յֳ壬зûֻǰһƬģ־Ҳϡ 

һγ˼಻ȥ죬ֻǺȵõҲ࣬˯ҹʱȥ˴룬ֻڴϣڿͣҪ´ȣһȴƱʲôţҲŸȵţǱڻУһ³ԾͬСɣҺʱ亹һӿͷһɾ⣬Ҳ룬һͬʱߣͨһ֮䵽ϣŰһʹС 
ҹɫʢбδƻԼɱ棬緭𣬱һڵŶӣԹֵ˯ÿɺãĻдȭ 
磿 
һ㶣æ´ȥĶˣ 
ϣÿһգֻһӡȻ΢ס 
һ֮ΣڨڨСܺȶˣ˯ε˴ȭ뾹˴硣 
æҳֹʹͿĨ 
Ǹҩñɡ컨ƵģĨϺȥʹǺδټأŷʵ˯ 
ϵЦúˣ˷̣ҿ˯ºҪҪˮ㴲һһߣиӦֵҲҪյġ 
ֻʣһȥˣ伡¶⣬ҲľڣһͨȤʱߺһ 
ɫͰ𪣬һգ¿˵ףôסѿ޵ֵǺÿ 
һ٣ǰһ㣬죬ĪǰԵ֡ 
ǰ˵ʮ㣬仰ȴǺ첻壬š 
ֻǰһ䣬㼴ڵأ֮²֪νӿڣԼΣһʱԲ 
Ƭ̣ЦһЦӺɷƷѧúÿʲôãȡЦҡ 
գҲ˿ֵ˵ǡ 
˴ʱѾȫޣȻ˯ԼУҲȥͷסֻͬ˼֮׺ͬһʵ£㲻ٻشȥ˯ĵǧнһޡ 
磬˯಻ãͬߣٲжֶţ˱ҾҲˣʹǣȥ˯£˯ҪŲ˰ɡ 
һüα鷳ϴͰҲˣ˷ȭҲǲµġ 
Ц΢΢ 
ֻվŲ֪ǿãֻõͷҲãֵȥɣٲ˯£Ҫ 
ǧ£ȥǰȴĿ⣬ֱΣֱϡ 

ˬʱ֢ƴ֮ʱ࣬˱㽥˿ջҩʦס˼գÿ£ҼһԷ˲Զ潭ϲմֵ̣£ȥСסһΣ 
мģȻ飬˻ƿӣʰձڽڹȥ 
գһ̲ڴ˷Ϊɣȴмһˮɸϱҽʻϱһˮ˳һգðˮȻӿˮ仺ɼƬƬǳ̲̲«έɳŸ 
վڴͷĿ߽սˮȾٺ죬Ÿڽһ˲ˮеϺһɾ͡ 
翴Ŀһƫʻ򰶱ߣʱһǳ̲˰дһֵܣǵˡ


ʮ

һľ͵ССͷͷϵżֻСϵðǰвԶһľݣǰżһӴŸʮۡ 
Ǻʮ꣬ӭ 
ԵĻһһ͵͵ 
šһͷأ 
Уݺ󣬲ι˲ϣСȥǣ 
õǣƥ 
ǡ 
һӽǣ˹һƥӻһƥأƤëһ֪Ǿιġ 
ͷιò 
һ죬ԷԸĲ£Сҵ 
΢΢һЦƼǺӱ۰㣬¶ɵɫ 
ԷʮСʱҲ͵ˡ 
кһ˦ǰ·һС򶫳ȥ 

Ϧ;û֮ʱңңһָǰҼұԷˡ 
һ䣬һɽׯ԰ѳ֮УԺǽٲȻһ 
ׯǽʯͣ࣬쳣ϷΪټׯӴǰֳۣͷΪýԶԶ䱸еǰһò빪밲 
 
һ˽Ŵ򿪣һ˸ͨ 
ţԸׯµҡ 
Żڱߡ 

ׯ԰ԶѾΪ󣬵УԹ롣δСӣھլۡȴҲûĻ˼ܽۡӣռطԲƣڻʹҲҪѷһɾȷǳλּоԺΪҵһƬҵ˴ֻһׯǱָ֮ǺεȹģľȨ֮£Ҳи 
ׯ԰֮£Ժֲ֮ľԼɽˮûʣȴзԶ֮ǽׯ֮й֡б߿Ͳѡ 
µĹ۾ͻסַЦׯס֮ųɽһӡһʱܣһطӣإ꾭ӪҲ躹֮ΪﷴһԷˡ 
˵ָһָЩ䲻ʹҲЩɹֻ֮ǽɫУϸϸ档 
˳ڱûʸ֮ǲ۷ֻ֮࣬ǻʹҲ 
üһЦŶֵĪǼʹ֮䣿 
羪ʧԣڵСҲ²ѡ 
һЦһ飬·ֵܱ㲻ӣΪĴһ߰ɡ 
Լյ蹦򣬷һԺ֮ǰԺ 
ԺС£Ժһˮһǰ˱ǣֱ֮ķΣ˵Ǵ֮ء 
˿ɫȼƻŮһʮˣɫݿ£ز㣬һ񣬡 
һָˣǱԷܹׯֵס֮УƽʲôֻܷԸȥǡ 
ׯѾͷҽֵ磬ׯͣź򡣡 
ΪϲһԺ䣬ƽԷ֮ʱڴ˴Ъޣ˴ȴͣʿ֪зΣׯ˾Ǿ֮ˣĶҵǡ 
ͣСȻСİͽᣬ򲻸аġ 
ׯɫȻѿһȴɤʮ㣬򻳷繧ӼҼܣҵȵӣպкβǲֻܷԸСĶù⡣ 
ָָѾͷѾͷһһ粺磬ڴչܹӣֻʹ⴦Сټ񾫹ź򡣡 
絭һЦԺ˶ȻǺõģв⴦ׯܹˡ 
粺类ǲźһλ㹫ӣͰϲּԴֹ˹ģһ㽭ͣ⣬绨ӽ͸˿Ρ 
Ī˵Щлض˿ףǸ·úˣׯܹܣϿгò˺ýֵЩЪ¡ 
ׯȥˣʱаڳһȣѾͷһΪƲˡ 

¡ 
˽ź򣬴ʱѾͷҪΪ£ֻϲˣȥ 
粺·粻ϱ¶־µɫٲְο䣬һȴٽԺȥסֵޣԤҹҪҪˮֻǷԸ׼ҡ 
粺һС˯¡ 

Էռ﷽ԲΪأ¥̨ͤ԰а䲼ãһʯһľȤ䡣ⶫĺ䣬ֻԸ˺źȥø£ֻһϾ飬̸˵Ծͻ 
գׯԷ澡ˣԷͷ羰ȻݣȻҲʧͷԺһ¥伮࣬һżȻιˣȥһвżƱĶʧѾõҽҩ䣬ϲԴһͷ¥ľȺʼľͷ 
Сˣ뿪ƽ㰲ʵӣڴ˱סʮ⣬ּҽżЩֲ˼֮⣬ֱסһ࣬˿ûסòͷ˼ͲЩӣҲǾڲ֮¡ 

ת˲ת붬⼸ոϣѵɫͷůվڲ¥У˱Դۡõ£ϷʱƤɬֹƬ̣鱾ǰ˹ȥֻӰţ㲻ڴ˯̤ʵſ˻ӣӣ 
źơ 
˯סˣüȴӦƫſڼָֻܣסˣƿӦΪûˣͬһ˵ӲѰȥ 
һͷģȴȥĶˣׯܹ֪˸Ժ˰ȥѰɣҵĻҵʲôʱȥ˶Ѱ£أһʱѰˣɲȵòͷʱٲͷԡ 
ȴ粺ˡ 
ȴƵȱвͷʱ򣬵λȴĲϲżģʲô 
⻰в⣬粺Ҳɺ⻰ô˵ 
һЦѹûӵСǻϲƿ˰㣬ɵҲó˵ˣԷҪطһǲ׼˽ȥģ¥˵ƽɨ׶˭ȥƫضӲãȥĶȥĶ뿴㿴ˣĸҲû档ǰͲð˩Էźã˳赽ݶϣǷ˼ɻʲôס 
˵꣬һƬž 
粺ɵˣһŽͰ͵˵ʲôӣǸеġ 
һߣеôˣϺзĶǣòһһģѰŮҲϣʲôϡ棬Ҳʵ۶Ĳſ 
ͣȴ˸ŭִԼֵ֮飬ıӣˣֺܽһ 
ͷת˲ţ⵱粺ȥˡ 
һûԾɺ˯еСʱ˽ŲᣬűһЦԭ˯ֵĴҲˡ 
˯Ũ֣ҲкԾɴģšһֻʲô¸ԼϣӶʱһůţԼȵıϢϣеʱĪ˾Ƭ̣ͻһָ쵽ԼϣĦŴȥԽ壬ֻ˯ˣһͻͻͣȴأۡ 
ãָͷ˿ȥŲȥԶˡ 
羭һţ˯⽥ˣյ蹦һۣ֯ǽǼ÷ŲΣʱ

ʮһ 

緹ȴڲ¥죬ʱѾͷңŻ˹ 
ͰڳЦ˵лƽȴǵƼȣֵܿǰֱֽܿӲɡ 
˵Цˣ 
缷һĨЦ÷ֻв£ⷹ˱ʲȥôڱ¿ӣ磬ڴסкһӣ붬вӦǶҹӣձؼȥ 
һΪдܣֵסò˳ˣẓ̇ 
֣˵ﻰɴʢ飬СڴסǰʣЩֲ˼ֻȷǹӪˡ 
ɫ΢ 
ίʵӼ顡֮£֪Լ⣬˵ʲôҲԸڴ˴ͽ¶ˣֻϾλкøУȴҲԸ˻Ӵ˽񣬱ֻȥܵԽԶԽãʱɫԥΪƬ̣磬޲ɢ֮ϯСмҵܲ㲻ˣպÿգСǣǴСסСҲԵɨԴ 
ȥο֪ǿסǿЦֵܼ˹УΪҲ㣬ֻǰһֵܣֵ̻ղȥ 
ŶôѣСܼԵԮ֡ 
ֵܣ֮ݣֻЩҽҩõѹƵסһЩʱշ֮أԵҩѲãΪ˿ʹֵܵýҽ״ΪֵΪΣȥ˲ʹֵ֪ܴܿӦ 
⣬ⷬɻǷסԼ˫ǣһɻת˲ţͷ𳤱ҵ𳤣ЧͣСԵȫʩΪ 
ɫһס֣˶лֵܡ 
ֵ֮λ˵һл֣Ҳ߯ˡ 
һһ˵һ治ɫ飬յֲ̫֮˺ۼֱñ亹ֱð 
˵·ϣ㵽ǵֵܹңҲչ򣬵ֵΪѡ 
һֻ֣᲻ɿֻ޲þʹ˱¶һ⣬˭֪һ̧ͷȴ˫Ǻ죬һּ־̬лȻһλܶǾԼһ⣬ʴ˷ż֮أʱı 
ʶͣլʺ񣬸ǽģͬΪӴˡ״ȴ˼ֵ֮ʹˮĥסȥϲ֪©ʶƣίȴѹ쳣Ȼȴ¶ѹסһǻɿ֡ 
һɿֱæ˻ȥһʹȴԾƵЦֵܿһ飬۾Ҳ۵ûţҲ㣬Щ˯ɡ 
԰ȥˡ 

磬ĶҲδȥֻп飬ʱׯܹܹӣҼ빫 
Ż絽ԷһԺ䡣 
ԺԷƫ˵ԺӣȴɽʯľȽһĸ¥ΧУ¥Ľ׹ͭ壬һ죬ö֮ 
һͭ壬ĸǰҲϲ׹ڷڴ嶯֮ʱ֮У޴˴˵Ǹ֮ˡ 
¥һֻװ£һһʮ־ֻ࣬ĳЩµùͷЩŮӹ뷿 
ֵˣ 
վһˣЦһЦׯ¥ϣֵ 

¥ʮ徲һ̴ҲޣĿֻһīɫ֯ƾԶ⿴Ӱ˵ķݡ 
塣 
ỽһӻعͷ¶ųü޷Ŀ˪ˣһ˪ѩڵĴԱ͸ů 
һףкһƬհףֻʣһͷ˺ÿ 
С빬ǣļЩɫһ̣һ˼һҲһָͷĿѣУʩ񣬼壬λǽҽĴˣֶ硹ŻعԼʧ̬ϲһ졣 
𳤡 
й񣬻Ծ̲סȥԴȣ˵Ҳʮ⣬һ˿Ҳޣ 
þˣԽĨ֮Уܾ˵ϤУȻһŻɵףԵһٲȴ벻 
ֱӰΣȻĿд̾ͣγһˮ̹ӱ㲻紿ԣ΢΢һЦҽĴˣҽȻǺõģ뺮ΪֵܣǺĸ 
ɤ࣬һ˲ⳤĺÿҲ˺ 
մسҲûأֶʵúЦĩ˻ȥЦһ䣬ֵܣֵܣ 
˽Žл 
岡ʹֵܷһ 
˻꣬һʱͨ죬޲Ҹطȥ״εǣǣһȻҪĵģԻᾡ 
˼һתβϣʱչҩȡ¡ 
ҽվã֮Զʤָһӳ߹أ죬䲻ͬѰβƣʱһβһȻǰֻ֮±ǽֻ˵ԩˣ΢¶֮ɫ 
ӵùֶ΢΢һЦֶʲô 
𳤵󡭡 
ֶ뺮˰ݽύҲһ塣 
̸Ŀڣأʢʧȣ澭ˡ˵Сֶϰһ£Ҳ˾ԵʷˡȻֻ֣ǶϰŲԣȥҪˡ 
˻һ΢΢ɫ 
ֶȻǽҽͽǺķҲó 
ЦһĨȻת˲ţһƵᣬǾѿ⡣ 
ȴǰֻʣǽ٣һ߬ס첲ֵܣⲡɻоȣ 
Ƭ̣˵ϰ꣬˵ɲǣ̽ϸ嵤Ѩ궯ȴѹƵסƽȣлһǶҽָ㣬ӻסԾֻǶꡣһ֮ҲΪ֮ƣĪҪȹˣƽҲв˶ʹСֶҩԵ䲻ܸʹԪάס״ٻʮأҲ¡ 
á 
ü̬ȻΪԾ㣬ƽͣҲֻýһǻѹ£Цʮسúܣҳô˼书ȥĴѰЩ鵤ҩöġ 
ӱЦҡͷкλкξ壬˳Ȼǡ 

ߵһϸϸ˼Σһŷͷʹ֮ҩ޲˼֮д꿴һ飬Ķ˼ζҩķһ飬 
շӼˣÿһȳһ£һº 
һ룬ֵһȥЩԪҩԱʱ֮衣 
ҩһϲͨ۱㽫֮塣 
ù˿бЩ֮ɫ 
ĽҽѾãϧһֱδܰݼ˼ңνԵһ棬ĴԨԴȺΣѾ˵ǳл˼ңնǰȥᶹȰݼǡ 
ϿңαΣ˱һ˵˹ԨԴǱ˵ĸ֮˵Ҳϸ𣬲һ˵˹ԵǿŹĽ𣿡 




ʮ 

һɫٿȻأһͷ 
֪ĸףʮָˣ׷ʣǶ֪޵λϺηǺ 
ϸֳЩɻЩŹ֣ʵֶιˣ 
֪ˣǽ˷ܣһ˫ȫûֶɫ졣 
ĽǼĸСֶ֪Ҹ档 
δ䣬ѲȻŭһץסۣЦ֮ʱɹʣĶĶӣֱ˵˵ 
˵ʢŭ֮Ҫֱһϡ 

⻰ڣǴˣϴһʹžѣϰ꣬巴ӦѳȻһܣ˼ָ£罣ϮѨһϮϢָ磬ӲʽѸݣ֣ҪУ鼱ɿۣʹһƷĻ 
ϢȴУָΪӭȥžػһ˾һæƺ󳷣˼жȥƷվ 
⼸±ֻڵʯ֮䣬ֹѼ˶ƺָԷֿеڻǰϢŭ粢ſڴƻ֮ˣжᣬ˵ס 
ӸֶĿ¶ɷ򻳷磬ŭЦݺὭʮأδ˸ǰſڿӣ˵Ǳ˵סһǰʵ֮Ī顣 
˵֣ĳٲ֣˫Ŀֱֱ㵱ң 
Ӳмߣǻʶʱк 
㽫ݰԯԼֻǰȥУѱ˺ˣȴţȻţĲݽȥΪѹЩСĽׯǺιʣѵ֪ǻŵ𣿡 
һʻѿڶްɣȻЦѣ꣬ЦȥΨʣ𾪣ͰΣ˵ʲôһţСѪʬỹţ 
˵ޣʵͿȻĸ׼ʱȴӹɣü׵֪㱻˺֮ЩСǰү뵱ҽΣĸƽ׵޴ȥؾãҳү飬֮үΪʮ׷ȥȴݡ˵Ѫȴ˭˵ģô£ﵱռȻδʬǰ뾩ѰҾɾӣ˹Ľׯ˹ҲΪţЩңǸˣûһ𣿡 
ɻ֮࣬ԾժöݸҿⶫҳʱҴϣңǱʶô 
׹ǰһΣɫ䣬һѾסϸƬ̣ͻػսֹֻɤӵһ䡸ӺƭҺð 
δ䣬۵ѪԵ˹ȥ 

һ赹뻳һ˼æǰȥ 
һֻ̽٣Ǽһʱʣæöٻ㡢еѨΪˣ룬˺˷¡ 
ʱѹһ۱ڴϣ潹ġ 
Ǹڳˣֻ漰İ֮ˣȻ֪飬֣֮ʧأһѣǰ뻳һһӡ֤ȻѰԻ˵˼ɣȥ˻ֱۣǼʱµ㣿 
һ¶ʮ 
ҳճӣ˵ͷȷ˲Ŷԡ 
Ȼ֪׼ʮ»̥֮һ֪٣ʱĿϸòüۼԼΪФƣȴƼޣ޻ɣ𣬽뻳нס 
ҵĺҵĺ 
֮¡ 
һֱΪȴϽվؾۣ֮Ȼ飬һʱҲ˲ֻʣǻϲһкһֱסף 
ӵʹޣһҲǿôˣ֪Ȱο 
Ҿþˣһ󱯴ϲ֮Ѹ㣬ˮ˼Σʵӣε֪Լģʱ˵ң 
ĨȥᣬʵСֻԼӣӲ֪ԼȥͻȻҲ˵ү˽½˳˵ҼðףҴ˸ҵεܹĸ׶ݣƾҳǰݼ˺ġ 
˵ɻӳƽһ·£ĽׯΪıģʮֲ⣬׶ȴΪʾ˹˹Ҳ˵Ȼ 
ȻһЦ⻹˵Ȼƭ˵ 
һ˭ 
ԼЩüĿֻǲ˼ȴԹ壬޹˼ɣ²µǰӺ 
ֺŭҧгݵҽиտлؼթУɾһūȥһؼң֪ݣӺ˵ҵ֪Ѷ̥ձСֻһŮʬңŮʬЩʱգʬﻹóĿ֮թֻˡʱˣľ˻أѣĽׯ游ĸϡ 
ٺ٣һֱ֪ӺĽĸףͬʦֵܣƣϲֵ֮ޣҽտһģȴûϵɫѬģˡ 
Ӻͬλмӣ벻ĸһı֮־ѹ쳣һʱ侹˵ 
ȴ黳һ֮±㼴ŭ˻ү֮ȱоҲɵó˻ϣҪƤǷ˺ޡ 
ˣѵͲܴˡ 
ɿֱۣʣںδ 
ƽ⡣ 
Ӻǽķһˣ 
һ˵ͷǡ 
һЦķŭããȥźҵķˣ˷С 
˵˼ȡ 
޼뻳һƣϢЩ궯˿鼤˵˼ؿڷƣŻѪ 
θŭΨΨǣҡÿնҩм˼ζҩȥ壬ԼΪ롣 
ҩúŵŨҩ㣬Ǳᣬһ̾߻ħ֮Ҳ㾡ĽΪʩҩסһεȴҵĶˡ 
ǧ˵Ҳ˵ֻúҩ֭һС


ʮ 


ɥʵұ֮ʹʱ꣬Ȼ֪࣬׶ڱ˷ߺ֮һػϲã˱ϲ֮Ϊ鹥ģǼζҩµüᣬҳԹҩ󲻶ʱ˯ֻ˯źŻһֻ֣ſ 
籾Ϊ˾ɥϽվһһλˣϲü֮Կأڴ߲ȥ 
֪⣬ҲȥȰȥѾͷ¥٣ԼҲһغ򣬼˯ˣѹüƣѹҵճ죬ȴ벻㾹Ƕĺӡ 
ݾһǳ貶ĿФƣϵȴǳĸ׵£ԳһǸվһҲ׿й 
Ҳ벻ܼ 
緽ſ޵úˣȦģɤЩɳƣ͵͵صĿɰ˱һֻۣһ뵽õ֮ҡһ侹ԼõܣӴ˱״һ˿ָһᣬȻһתһڣȻҪڶߵˣ˽ϦأݲһޣʱҲǺõģһ˿ϲáһʱһʱϲٰζģԼҲǸʲôͷմس 
ţ¸Գ񣬲֪磬緹Ҳ˳ԡ˰ҩЧȥѹֶһԣǻϲס˻еĹ¡ 
һһˣԴвἰӺĸӶ˵շЦס˻ͷ˵תʵ˹˵ԩ󲻴֮أѵԩ˵밲үͬʦֵܣһ£ֻ֪ǳ£ѲԩˣȴӲ֪ 
˵Цֵ֪Ҳǳ£ҵһҲϰһ·ԼĹ򵹸ˡ 
ǳԾ 
Ҽһ˫ۺֲ֪Ӻͬһģһʱۡ 
Ҫ˵Щ£ǿɻˡ 
̾һֽ˷ԡ 
붬ҹ˺ֻ¯¯ϳԵǼҩ̸׺£ˮڡ 
æˣ£ҽš 

֪ԩҲɣ 
룬æ£ȿУ𻳷磬㽫˵Ƿһ飬˳˵˺βҽһ£һҲһ˵ˣֻ˵β֮Ĺʱ͵͵һۡ 
һ˲˲һӵĹȥ꣬󷽷Цβĵĺˣ֮Σȵö岻ò躹޵ǸֵܱѩȻǲµˣֵڶҼ黫ڹƫҪװʶպεģǰα 
̹棬絹˼Ц統ȻдĵСҸ̡ 
ֵ˵ȴ²롣 
һЦһ˱뻳磬հգֵⲻˡ 
ӹ˵Цˡ 
Ҳֵ˵ʲô㽫һһ棬ĩ򻳷͵ԩеһνɣײй¶ݣҵ±֪βڹУֻԵɺϽʶֵܣýȲ鿴һ±ϾֵֻȥֵǧĪ֡ 
缱æ֣лĪҪɱܵܵġСȷȻ뵽ߵľĹ֮ӦǴ£ⵣǴˡ 
ĵһ֮㼴ЦֲϡȥȥβѰȺȴ£ͩȥģѽɱˣֵܴɲضġ 
˵꣬ǰ򻳷˹֪ڱ˵һ˿࣬Ҳ֪˸ţҲԣףЩԹȫǳġ 
ⲿڹķԵףκķʵ죬ΪӣĸǷշ֮ݡ̫游游࣬㲻亦ֻ༸֮λ⾭йʵѹƣѣ游㽫Уȴдҡʮ꣬游һϷɽʶ˻ԷգĪ档书׿ȻԳһң侫֮ԩ˵ǧڹķϱһȵϰ̫ʵһŲϳڹ游ȲԸϰȴҲܼҼ˱ᣬΪͽȹ游Գཻ㲻ݣ֪ԩˣ㲻Ըգֻǲ游ＷסŲòΪͽһС֮ұʦ 
Ҷ겻˵ʮȻ 
ʦʱͽܣʦָ룬ʦŷ䣬ʦֱӺˡеġڹд꣬뼸λʦ־ദʦҲһͬʣ֮ʺƫ˽Ľڡʮ̫꣬Сɣǡʱ游ɲؽ͵УʦҳʦطԩٳǰңҲǰˡΪͽǴΪף游ΪѣȴǾĽܽʦΪѣһڴӦҲ˽ֻ֪һΨͽܣȴûŵӡ 
д΢ɱȻ 
һطԩ󲻾ã游㼴ʣ󲮣ҲǺ֮ԩ֮λ糤Ҳ꣬Ȼ֮ǿȴԶʤңֵżд֮ʱҲҪȸ¡ʮӮһΣʱһãԹԹƫģνֻ粻ҡʵۼ̫£߱ڲ֮䣬ֻϰʱǰʮ٣̫ȴȴҪʮԳЩʱᣬɣҪ̫Ȳ϶ǿʤ֮һҲ˲游ǰһģӴ紦͵ϰ 
һֱ̲׸һҲͷһ˵ϰԵɣ¶֮ɫ 
ҿˣ΢΢һЦԽȥ 
ѧߣϰѸ٣Ƕ깦򣬼ƽ֣ǳⲻ֪ʱǴ¶ա 
һתΪأҲԵֹãһմ䣬ȴͻֽų鴤֣űϢԵ澭չ⾰̱ڴܶ游ʱһģһֱʱҲ֪²æĴҽҩ 
սıַĽԴ򸾣һ·ϸĽׯĽϷԩΪΣȴηҽׯУҲ֪ҷԴǱʮֲ͵Ĺܼ£æСҷ˵ 
ҿأʱȴˮϲò֮ɫ 
ʱ٣ֻܼиʮ˾ŵĹ˵գʮ񣬱ʱȴǹӲصǣĽׯҽ㽭㲻Ὣ߾֮⣬Ҹĸ䲻ڣȥΪҲһԵǣѰֳТ֮ĵܸж𣬻ƽѡ֪ģἸ仰˱ʮʱζ״


ʮ 

λĽСȻĽˣ˵ĸʶ֮ĴȴҴһ䣬ֻȥ 
𣬻ֻصĽׯȻ㶺һֽŵҵʶǳ֪ұǳݸպŮҽҽȻڶ֮£ֻ˵ԸһˣҽܱûкãЩԸ⣬ʱл˸ͷĽϷ飬㲻ҽظпΪʣҲĽϷ򸾲ҴβڳлҴԩ̳˪Ҷɽׯ 
ԩ̳֮ȴһµ֣簵棬Ȼͻһ뵽ֱǷȾ֣Ӧˡ˭Ⱦ˪һʫҲȻ 
Ľׯ·;̣ǿӱһ·ϻϢҲƣۣȻӲᣬׯʱɫ԰׽ŲģҵĴ粡ƣȥ˼Ӳʣ·ҲŮһѱȥ粡ǰ 
ʱԴʮգдȴ޲ߣÿȫ˲εҼ粡Լ岻ʣʩΡҽиĸڣԽҽ״һ֮羹ܿ˵ϲ쳣ΪӴоȡ˭֪ȴ˵֮ôһʱݣȴվסɾϣʵǾ޿ɾȣҩʩҲԽʹˣϲһꡣһУʩҩʹ࣬˵ʹ졣οϼʹధ跨ҽΣҽǴȱʺΪѣǴӦľΡƫС֮ĶȾ֮Ӧȴ˵أŻ׼ȥ¥С 
֪¥ԭĸվֵЩĸס֮Ϊ£ĸ׻ʱ⣬о˴õһ 
һΰ֮ɫüĿʶһʱУ뷽跨ΪΣʱһ֮ҩǾĽ˿ؼ֮£ǸмΣĴЩ챦ı⡣֪ϲݣѰ¥Թ͡һѰһϡ͵¥ϣԹżѰҩǰʮϲȻһЦӵģƽЦôչһЦ쳣ҵʱ룬ռЦݣҲǸԸΪˣϲңʹģʱһãҵֵסҲϲңһʱգ˵һӡ 
Ƕʱ쳣̾Ϣжǲࡣ 
ǼãҵǲȥĽׯͻ飬˻˵ĽϷδظҲϵȴĥҵͷ󣬱ڴ顣׵գҵ֪ϰǶʧɫ֪Ҳص縲ޡȻ֪Ȼմ粡أΣķ޶ѹƲסɩͬҽһҵ֪󣬽ʾ֭˸ӳҩҷãԵʧ⡣˺󲻾ãڲΣɩѳ֮°ǣһϣȴɽҪˡ 
ոдҽƫʱУ֮£ұ㽫ͻĽׯĸܻȫ˭֪Ľׯ֪곣ߺУĽϷηǰݸβˣʱ£ȵ֪Լȴƣ۹ȣȾΣҵʱ֮աذոǶ£֮ǰݼļǧˣڼйλ˼λġ 
뻳˽Ȼ𾴡 
ҵֳΪһұ˿Уֻôһط̳;ݣȴӺ 
΢΢۾޾Թ 
Ӻ·ʱҲΪãʱּڽפأҸ˵ΪտһʱգһڴӦȻҲˣ˭֪һ֮±㼴ʧɫһڽгҹҲ֪˾ʶģҲǳԾѡӺ͵ˣԭǾʶ֪ȢñĽС㣬ž֡ȻŲɡϯ֮ҽ˽ʶ˵Ӻжףܣʴ˲ԸӺԯдΣȴΪ⣬Ƕ֮ͬ꣬λʦֶȻԴΪӡҽʵްձƽڽ͵Ӻȥ 
˵죬ʱѽ˾˯⣬Լ֪Щ£Ҳˣȴĳƣʵأ 
ҺٺЦӺƭұ˹֮Ϣʧ֮ЩҪһһҵЩҩűס书ˣһβô˻ңѹƣֻýгó̳ܾݷإ꣬˵ض˻ 
ʮУºҺ󳾣׼ֻȹԼȴꡣ²кβ顣β鵹ҲһǶҲòԼװ׽ҵҡ 
˵գЦȻЦȴ޾ŭ 

Цˣ̬һӺݵţ磬βǷϴԭŰɣֻǧ򲻿ϰ 
ѽϹ죬ϰ÷һвһ񣬵Ծȴй֮޲Ȼһ䣬ɫЩڡ 
ϸ΢֮ùۣ֮𷽲뻳ʱûռ˿ˣĴһ֮һץסֱۣʵʵ˵ǾϹûУ 
׶ɫ䣬翴УΣֻʵ档 
ࡣ 
²ֹңʧɫ⡣ 
ˣҲҧ粻صģұвȱ㲻ȫˣӦϰķţˣ֮ǡ 
һ˵꣬ˡ 
㡭˵ʲô 
Լ׻֮⣬ȴβţ޷ֻý޺Լһ´ͷβˣδ˵꣬ŭɶ˫Ŀ켸γѪ 
ӺҰޣҵĶҲ˶֣ãá 
׶ĻϲȴŴجģʢŭֹ֮ס 
ŭӣǵǺ£˵һ¹򵹱סҵǰ꣬ѵ˱ӦүҲȥˣǱˣʱʱ̼̿ҲͽԹѣ⼸Զƽúǰ֣Ѱʹ磬ֻлϲź˻һպƽϲֹӣЩ¶˰ɡ 
ƽʮ꣬ϲŭ־֮У˵ģֻ뵽ʤȴǺĸɢĳˣƫֲǳֵ֮飬һб㷳쳣һɶ 
պ޲ѣưոݣӺˣĺҪȥŷųڶɼ纬ధ󣬾ǲԸ밲κξ𣬺۰֮ռϷ磬ĲԸǴӦ 
ãӺˣ꣬ǲȥѰĻӴ˿Ӿǡ 
˵Ȼһ뵽ĥбһʹɽסһḧͷҶػϥ£Ҫ۰ٲܰί 
վһԣ˫Ŀףˮһελ䣬һı絶ʰ㣬ֻ޲ǰȥסϸϸοȴվһ˺һסǰ𻳷磬常壬ܵһһҷԲӽԺ˵ʲôҲˡ


ʮ
һռ侭һ󱯴ϲ˾ѣҹ˯⡣ȰҺ˰ҩ˷¥Է
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˹ſڣվסŲԥҪҪȥһȿ˿ڡ
ɫ磬ֵЩޣΪ־Ͳȥˡ
һ٣ֵٽˮϣˮʪأסʣҽ˰¥Ե÷ʰֵܰȥסɡҲЩտ
ڣȻҪ֮£ڴ˰飬ͷƾ簲š
ȼŵƻ粺еȺ⻳˵ҪӭӣȴӴƳҲڣ˵ɫأ㲻׳ȥ಻ƾ˫˫ϢվԤͷһ㼴ȥ̡
еƻɴ͸ӳռһ˫Ȧһëʪδɣһۣ˵ԡ
վ˺һһĨ΢Ц͵͵³ֵܣССʵֻϲպҴȻֳͬһ㣬ޱͷͷôίصУֻʱʱĿһ̷壬ϼƽϲ֡
˵̹Լ⣬Ӵֵֻദл粻صġѩһԼʹ֮ɫ־̣Ȱο䣬ȴֲ֪Ӻ˵𣬳Ǻл磡
˿ѹ֮ǿЦԺһˣ˵ʲôллġ
һ٣粺֮ѾͷӦָŻպӣͬһ޶辡ķ̡
˵꣬ٲһ䡸ֵЩޡҴȥˣѾͷԡ
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վǰ˫ĿסģҪһƽʯ飬Ȼ˹ʱ˿˿ʹϢҪֶȰοĪҪ֣ھǡұûקסӲΣڳһͺһڡ
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תͷȥף
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ڹŹǰתһֻήٲȴס˻֣쵽ḧŮʬա
ңޣбϾңĶ֮Զڹأȴֻӣǹڡ
˵䣬һˮ£ĽҴ䡣
һ˵ҲĸȥյΣǵĸȥǰֻ磬ʱСвףʱ֪ĸһΪ࣬Ϊĸѹ
Ǵĸ׳ȥɣˣ⸽еūſ
һЦʲôʲôɱ˾ǡ
˵ϾԸİ֮ĹжƬ̣±ʬߡ
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һƳ常ŮʬǶ
Ҵ˿þһˤ뻳·ڵء
ʮֽֿڻУұ֮һϲƽڵݣ˫Ŀơ
ĹйлЩģԶͷĿϸӵüëƵϣؼϸ˼ڰߣɷǴĿüȥãһȴ׶ڣ˫Ŀ఼ȥֹƬ̣ʬһ̼仳ֻʣһ׹ǡ


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Ľʬľʢװʯϵ̵ãʮ겻ฯȻ˳չ֮£յ蹦㼡ùڳ
ʶǳԲеȻһĻ޲ĪǼףңʱ΢ȣֻʣһݹǱڻУ̩ȻĿ鲻ź͵͵֪㶨ڵҴȥʶ㣬ػòһ
΢΢һЦңңؼȥ
һЪʬû˼Ѫ⣬࣬һһѱµĹľҽŹУǺ˹׸ǡ
һ֮ʱһ޲ƵúĿ˹ȵʧķ裬һ˲˲һһ
æ꣬᲻ָ䣬ָһָĹѨգ
һһ常δ裬һӣȥŻ
ԹΪڱӣʮ֮һϦүԲסףϾҲΪ󣬱ʲôԹҲˣڶϣҪʬ˰ɡ
˫ĿһСԼһȥԭ㲻ʲô飬Һȴǲ֮𣬱ǻȪ֮ҲҾʹ˰ݣղʬǣʲôʱţŽȪ֮Ѱޡ
һȰĬȻ
ʱСѽײ룬˰ѻʬϡ
δ䣬һŨĹѨڶ
˼ˣüһһ̧ľѸʧɽҰ֮䣬ɫתһƬѩ£ס˵ϷҽӡƬ̹ؼһƬãž
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Լתִ·ֻֻһ·Ъÿղʮҹۣҽܲס
·£ֶ˱㲻⽲Щʣûԩ¾ɾһ˵뻳֪вɱ¾ɾλĳ佫֮Ѳ˸ϵֻûɴ۾š
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ˮۣղŵõִһͷƫ½ƬέЪޡ
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δ˯£
Ŷ룬ͷɢҲȥЦҺҿӱ޸ϻЩֻ˯ˣ׷һ򡣡
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һ̫Ӹ硭
˵⼸͵סڣһ٣̫⽭ϣĪǻңʱڣھ
ЦЦ㵱治֪


ʮ 

ʣ֪ȴǺ֪飬Ц֮ɫ 
ʵ۷ڶӺ֮һ˽رõظһʵ϶̫飬λֵ̫ܲҪѰ̴ԳǱ΢װвãһ·˲֤֤˽رǳŵĴǻʵ׶Ҳǽ̫δؾʱɱڣƫֵûе֮ˣ£㽫ԩʮ̫һͷ 
ɫɷס 
˴̫ӳѲĲʮһͣʮһɣһҪҷűǶ鿴ΣŵӴɱϴʱǳҹҼһ𻨸ã˳ǣһ㳢 
ֻӱɤӷеӿѾˣ 
⵹ûУ̫ÿҪ˺ʱ˯˯ǰź򣬴ʱֿ־ˣΪ鷳ǹֻʮӣֲұɱҲǮֺαض 
ƲһƲ죬Ǵſҽ˳֮ʱȥд̣˼˯ֻֽЩֻ̫֪翪֮ʱȺһˡ 
꣬ 
һӣֻ̫ӽ鲻ǳ̫ӽڷвܣȰӺһԿ̫ӺЩ֮˱ӶԻλ񣬸ֵ֮飬Ҷ˻ʼңؾȷƾɱѪɺӣҲ޸ɣֻܰǮǡ̫죬ЩսԺˡ 
һ˿̣죬ȴʲôҲû˵ֹһǿһĨЦ˵ǣֻұϾֵ̫ͬʮ꣬Ȼ޸ϵд³಻Щܡ 
Щڽ¸ֻǼ˵ˣҲ޷룬ֻȰ˼䡣 
򣬻绺üĿԼЦЦĪҪģԼͬӺһ޹ϸ𣬲һʱת䣬Ҳͺˡ 
㲻ٶ˵˯Իطȥˡ 
ߺ󣬻羲ʱϢƶһʹӾ˯£ѰһɫѻϣҲţƿһԾӲֱ䵽ϣһûԴԿέ֮С 

һɽϪ˴ӵˮƽ˾ѡڴ˴ɺö֮˷ԲʮһĶɿڣϵ̴ѡڴ˵عҹƽֻ֣£̵Ĵ࣬˶ɿҲ壬ͷֻֻ߰ͣҶǴ˵ֻһΦЩշͣһС֮䣬Ⱥ 
˿̽ʱϾĵģһ˿ƻҲޣֻ¡¡ýһ˲ɢ 
շ֮У̫ӻǬԪԣ˼ֵ˯֮ʱƫЩʱҹ鰸ҹʱ˯˯ñ㲻ôȣֻǳǳűĿ 
ΰ֮䣬Ӹ¸Լ׷Уֵܣ֪նʱ̶ʮСģ˯Ǿ֣һʱѹſ۾ 
һ֮µʱһֻǰվһˣºڿڽ棬ֻ¶һ˫ӣһԲԼ 
շſڱأٴϽˮ˵Ͱһ㣬ҲԿ˿ȴϢ굽̫ӴߣһûһǬһͬСɣˣ֪һſڣǺѸ磬ϼѨһб˺﷢ 
Ǭȣɵ֮ʱҲɫӣһƬ֮ʣǺƿӱһ˴ס 
ǴҲ֪ûɨǬһѩµʱúšڴףֻܼһ˫ڴǰȥ죬ʱһҲ˴ףͬǬһˡ 
һֻǬɶͷԣʵ벻״Ǻ⣬ַУһ 
һ켫ǵ΢Ǭֻ紵ֽΪ⣬Խʾ֭˼֮Ƭ̣ȴȻӴ¿ȥֻշƾնһ˫ţڻ 
ǬȻһ֪˴˽Ϣֻۣ˽Ųᣬè㼸һѩֵ´͸ֽһ¹ӳϣǵ㷴һĿâ 
֮䣬ѵǰֵϾ٣Ǭѿ˶ΣϴƵһ죬֪ԼδڴϣҲһ˲亹ʪ͸½ 
޷Щͷ֮һ棬ָȻ죬һȥԣһһֻͷǽе˸û˿Ӱ 
ɱ̫Ǻεȴ£˴αǲд̵Ȼԩһĸ֣һ֮·ˣʱ֪мƣ֪иյںͷɣתӣ㵽ǰֻһ죬ӿָϣȴʧ١ 
˽ɱɵȫˣǰ󲻹Ϣ򣬿䵶ȫûͷν֪֮׼֮Ѹ鶯˵ĺ 
Ǭڴ£˼һԽԽľδǺ£Ҳ˳ַŻشϡ 
̿ȥǰǶδ֪ǬһأԸ㷲䣬ѹͼɱ̫ӵ£¼ȨΪȵе֮Ī֡ 
ɤͣڶ˵ϤֻΣ֮ȴƫһʱ벻˭һ˵֪޼Ӻ֮⣬Ǭһ˴ε΢֤ǽؽͨɱǰд̵£ӹһ٣ѱؾ;з粨Ϊȫƣ¼˳£ʱɵִﾣݸʱ۵ǰǰݸݣоݸ͵»ؾʱ˶ڣĿ֮£һ£֪ԼѲ˸ϵܼɡ 
˵꣬ߵǰһԲԲ´򵽻ǬϣѨ 
Ǭһֽſɶȥȴ΢Σԭһգ۵Ĺ˾ԴˣٿǴϵ£Բϼ 
Ǵǽˮ޿֮أǬ벻Ǵ̿ͺȥ硣ѧϲ޸裬޷ͨЩ书벻ͨҲͲٷ˼һˡ 
ſӦ룬ӻͷվڲУǴʧɫ 
ǬҲ˵ֻ֪Ըêʻݸ 
ҹУ緫һɡ 

ʩչṦһһ·ɱأԼҴʱʱŸչ룬˯˿ԾûϢǱԼУͷ˯ͷӷ׷밲ҩ 
ҽ࣬Ѽƽȣٽ̳ã뻳ųԹ緹˵һӻ˫˫ˡ 
˲ţЦֵҪ£ҷɺã 
һӱһӲͷƤá


ʮ 

ԩ֮ר˾Ѳؽҵã̲˵ݻʣһССշαյԾ˵ȡͩС÷Ĳˣһ뻳Ʒĵ𻨸ֵܳſɺã 
ͷá 
һֵ֪̾ϲҸõǳרֵĲǡ 
æЦýд˷ġ 
Ц΢΢ȷ˷ģֻ̫һãҶ֣̫Ի˫ַϣǣ 
ʱɫҴǻ 
ŵ֪̫ӶЩ飬ȴ֪ģͶҹǰȥ»˵̫ӷˣ˵ȫ˾׷ұ֪㶯ֽţԸ赲˸еӣֲԸ̫һУɲµòɣ 
»֣֪̿ԼñŴ£ֻҹϸ˵ԵɣֿȥţԣǧĪҪҵ 
ϼ亹ǼԼ񣬽һǻŭ۵ؾˣһߵ㲻ֵܣֵкηֱʲôܶ˵ȥֵҲ߯С˸硣 
գһķأ͵粻֪̫ӵһãһֱ׸㣬үгȴûУֻжûԹģо羴һ޶̫Ϊ͵ʺһλһֻǵʥڶ࣬ĻӽΪǾ֮λһָãı֮⣬̫һ˱Ҫһ꣬²񲻹꣬սҷϢǺ׹˼̫ƽӣǹҸң·İղҪս𣬽ḷ́ұ߾һֱ߹ضʮݶɽϲ֮صˣһ˴֣ƱΣ߹ؽʱ£ҪͿ̿ 
磬֪ԩԴʦӺһг𣬴˴´ɱ̫׮⣬һΪʮӣһҲŻ֮⣬ֵֻȴ룬Ӻг°տûУΪһ֮˽˴֣ӺɷΪ磬˵ǲԣ 
ⷬ˵üȿ˺Ǵ˼СĿֳ 
ˣ𣬼ȥ֮ϵĳ֮£һ˵ľЩ 
ɱԽɱĶǽˣаգҪΪǧˮվЩ̣֮ԩڣ绳ԣҸңڱǴΪʮӽֻҲǵòʧһ룬ⲻҲա 
ͨȴԸ˿ڷ磬ΩֻһжٻȥʴװںЦֵȻǶԵģֻȴΪ֮ȥģһƥĪ˵֮ذ꣬ݱкθɣֻҵӱǡ 
ɫٿط࣬ڷһתֵֵֻ˱ŷĸ̧֣ôòֵܵӣ˵ãҲֻý˻ȥ 
˲һ䵽ȵףһظ̬֮Ц 
磬Ҵնл㡣 
һӣҺθɣҪлʲô 
̾һֻǵô־ͳɡ 
һЦҽӻһ磬֪׮ûɣ᲻ 
һɣЦʱż𣿡 
ϻ̳ϿԼվݲοģѽҴйʣұ˵̫ϸڶ࣬ʮӼֵ̫ͣǳ֣֮˾ǡ 
۾һл磡 
࣬ҲԽԽȣƵĻϲģʱչһЦֱЦһ£۽Ǹġ 
Цһůʹǻϲޡ 

֮ǰ̫һ·ѩ˾ǣ뾩㱻ȥһ̸˵ʲô˭Ҳֻ֪һʥּݸڳ;˵ܻı棬˽رһȫϵƣ˻ڳȥһӱ㳾䶨ҸֵТһźֻǳϦ֮գ̫ʱǶʢŭΪɣǨһʱ˪ѩͥ䣬úò塣 

³һڼиԣµڴݼȥž㡣֮Уһȴɨһƽ 
Ԫ̫ӻǬ裬ʱʱһѾһ˫۾ͨδ˯΢΢죬˿ʹŵ֮ˡ 
㽫թһ²˵Ҷƭˣһޣһ绹ߣӺ浱ҺԶɣ 
˵꣬һǷ֮ 
ֻˣ徲̫ί٣ȫޣҲͬżɽҪѰұξᶽɡ 
Ǭδѣ˿⻰ͷۣŶͷһ̾ǺѲףȥкãĸ֪թӣ֦ڣ洦ҹһȴҲ¶֪䣬ҵҲδȰǷһ಻ǽϴҴһ棬ҲʣѲĺɶײϲžңѵϺȥɣ 
ɫ䣬ĳȥһңղġ 
Ǭֻ뽫Դã֪ˣ治ý˵֪ 
аһ󣬼ۺ޶ҡ֮⣬ִֵ֪֣ײǽҲͷļͲڣȥĽһӸﷴã˼ҪȥҲУֻߣǾ֮ҲŴǱ߻ֹȥйʲôѲͣĪҪݾ߻ı 
֪Ϊأļ٣Ҳٵôߣֻüͷ 
Ǭв֮⣬Ц˵㲻ϴˣջϲһ 
۴δ룬էһɫ䣬˫ĿֱֱĿ΢¶Ǿ壬Ǭ˷̣ⲻԴЦЦģʮ̫Ӹ磬ǰ俴ȴٲġ 
һ٣ֵʱ㼱ҲûãǲȥһϢ·Ҳ٣ʱѰͷǲ°˳Ǻá 
룬ȷ޸õķӣεһͷĿ⿴⣬ԽطѩһѷϷ 

ƽзưӿͬԩ̳ڿ˵ǹϲ죬һȾɽׯƴȨϲ׶ӭأĿһ㣬վϲ֮ռϷ硣 
һˣ㶼Ȥ񣬸л硢лϥ£һ£̷˳ģ뻶ϲ 
ȻصߣȻ˼ٷ꣬һǲˮ̣ҩʦޣԼȾɽׯ¸רźҽҩ 
ҽÿ̷ҩһͷ¥зҽżӲʸ񣬻˵˵ż˸˾ҩһְΪõ䷽ 
λȻԾģּ¶Ŀڷ磬֪θɣһԾɰĸ˾ְַ


ʮ 

ȥݱ»һˣٻɱȾɽׯֻʣһƬͤͤǣ֪һУԵЩȣׯ˹ɻˮĶԲһˮϰźһ̺ҶһƬкɻذ׻ޣŮãˮͤһ֮ǡ 
ս磬Գȡ˺Ҷź˼ˬ⼸Ի磬⼸С˵ϲ˰ˮͤʱһ뻳÷ͺɳԾƣȤ 
һ㣬⼫ۻԵôãޣҾЦǼҳӵջȥζҲѵˣʮǰͣԬϡƽͷʳǧѡƸճӣһֺòˣһζջˮýдΪϣרβһճζ˵˼һ֮һ˿ɲ֪϶١ 
ζһ˫ʲôʱȥͣһ 
һȻ֮ɫҹЦͲ 
һЦһԬɼǰˣΰԪͽܣʳһʦҲ֪ǳӻڲУ˵ǽ񣬱ȥˣǶĲˣ㻹ܷĳԽвɡ 
棬ν񣿡 
ЦΪʲôǸ֡ޱĽʮǵĵ̣дֻڼ䣬Ҫһʣд⣬ϱٲײϷǻˣԬʱֶԲһֱԼǣ˴˵Ҳల£ͽԪȴǸʡµģǴװҪһûٴǴ϶⣬ֻæŶԸβͩûôǰˣӴǰЩʱվһ˵û٣еȴԩ۵ͷϵģ⵨ӣٲøЩɫҲ֪֪ڶд 
Ҫôѵ 
һЦһɽݲöһȻҲݲ¶Ȼǽ˻ὫһɶԳԩֶ 
赭д˵Ƶ㣬һȻ˵ˣһ£һİƣѽЩǳӣֵܷģ綨Ȼǳӻٲ׽һڸ 
ڽö񣬵ֽɱ˽һ˵̹ȻȴҲЩߣһ²õл 
⣬Ƕֵӿɶˣ 
һֶֽں¼Ƿģָ㣬һʣ˵ʮüȥȻ򣬲¶ʮװʮ磬Ǹٲ˵أݸϳԶʱ㲻ܷ׼ұ˭ȥأ 
ѽһĴȣҾ¡ 
ü˼һüλɽ¶ġǮҪȥˣֻû£װǾԹżĪ˵װ٣ֻһҲء 
һ룬һҡͷ 
װ˭ 
δԴ˿أʮֺ档 
װ׼ұ׼ұпǴʢһӡ 
һ֣뺮龰һ£ԭҵĶֵŶ졣 
һЦɲҵĶ 
Ա㣬żȥƷһյ裬ͷл׼ұƾʮ꣬պաƷҲ֮أֻгӵϰƷ׼ұǰλԾڴװڴ˵ָߣֱһλĥƷһ㣬Ƶӣ֮ǰ󣬰ٽλױֹͨֶҲй֮׼ұ˶ڶ࿪㽫ó۸ߵãԩûٴⶫˡ 
Ǿ棬Īԩ֮װ⣬㲻½֪Լ 
͵һЦɵ̣˹ȻܻǣֻôɻýֲǴǰｻףû֪¡ 
һ룬ʧЦ˵ǣҶˡ 
װ⣬׬Ǯֻһһʱ˻ôһ飬ĻΣֻҪҲþȴӵǶʱգβӣͬǮװȴͩöȴ֪ǻ˶ӲŪˡ 
ЩװͽȻģ㽫˳ӵֻ⸸ޣȻĶȴǴ󲻼װ֮ʱ׼ұһ˲ŵ㣬ϸ޳֮ԶǰɱϾڣװֽιʮٵȻǰȥأҲϽǳȻҪȥġ 
պѡһζһת壬һ£ȥһ˿ʹã 
ȥ 
һȣ֡ 
ҳ㼴ͷ廳ЦҶӣ棬Ҳý֣׼ұڶ࣬ͷĳȥʶһҲǺõġװٵ¶ʮ⼸ձ㶯ɣǰȥϰݻᣬöӻжҪ٣ǮǶ˵ģֻûǣ統գɢˣԳԾƿҲˡ 
ȷԸҲֻý£Ÿƽȣ֮ѽҩѹסգ뿪Ҳްϲ֣˵Ǹڶʢ£ѹ𼸷ֺ棬һӦ¡ 
ãұһˡ 

ݸ˲·̣ձ㼴·أߵõͬǰ 
һк죬һлͲʮȴ߽֣˷øȥɱǰϲּ滳Ϊ˺ź򣬾ʵһǴС̷λǰܵʶպڸǰã˵һݲ£֮ɱɱɲ֪ǿ϶١ 
˼ȴһ˼ȻСźһ·̻˳˳˾ݸ 

ݸؽһǣԩӪ꣬ڳо¥Ժݸ̳ڳΪһڣǰǼļԺݳһһߣԺӺаһأ徲СԺѰľޣ˵ķ㡣 
̳̳纣ˮ¥̨ǳУһдףһǾɫȣһ˫зȻųһ˶Ż֮Ҫúðͽһʱڱֻ޲Զ˲ˮλӵ̴ֻ䴹ѻɫ׻ûɫ죬ʮ£ȥҽй 
ִﾣݸʱʮߣף֮磬ھݸкιգʤһ졢ЩأʮţЯ׼ұݷá


ʮ 

׼ұھݳУóʮ﷽ϸۡ޽ɵһʯկ༫ģ 
ŵ۽ӹϵİͨȥʱſһʮܼģ˼ӭӳȭЦӴݹ٣ɸԣֻҼүȽŲ㣬δܳӭǱĪ֡ 
絭һЦѧĩүӭ 
ƮȶͶһٹǰӡԩռǣܼȴҲҵͷӭ븮У빫ƲҼү򡣡 

׼ұǼ䷽Բʮɵݣͷһˮ̴ľΣϸ棬ʮɣװУŰֹ֪дԩλӺְѰ˼䣬ܼҴ˽λṫúܣһ̵ĺȴģԩ£˿̼ಽṫ࣬ʮֹ֪λݲͣɽ´ϸꡣ 
磬ڿ׺ӺĿ¶⣬֪װɣʩһ񣬡磬үӡ 
ض񣬿 
װ˰񣬴£ЦǺǵϷ֮Ե빫λСҲ죬ȴͷһμŹӣ֪γƺ 
дŻԩףȴִδֵܣ˳̽ 
һ𻰣ȵϱ֪λҼ 
һװһ⡭ô˵ 
΢΢һЦǼ֣ӼδڽߣүӲʶá˴μҸ΢ọ́Ҫǲǰ٣ףүӸ೤ٱɽ 
һ֣лϡ 
׼ұԩ㽻׽ϲ̨֮£Ѿ߶ϲйܼˣвˣܼװӣУ˿Իнӹǣתʵװǰ򿪽һǺɵһֻɽͻ۴öèǶɣ˵Ǽ֮ 
װԩɲ֮һֱֶ־η鲢ֶֻǲĽݣӭӣʱ֪˾ԩ֮ӣ㷣ΩԼһʱдͣЦֹ̣Դǫͣһʯ£¼ӣ¶üЦĿϻкһͨޡ 
Ϸٳͼ뼸λСۣϾһݺɽϷ˵ʲôá 
йܼҽպãװЦ⣬Ϸ죬֮ϣϷҪúöӼˮƣıл⣬ʱ빫͹ٺᡣ 
ǰ˵ʵɱˣ֮ϣүӲǡ 
㴵һͳЯҸһתүӡ 
ױ飬дһ£װӹһ¶Ϊ֮ɫƬ̣ӣ׼ұӲöʮö֮ԶֲԸ 
΢ʧæֵ֪һöǼػǲǼãȽöȥǲϷ¹򣬴һϡ 
ֻ֪Ҫⶫʲôȴǲ֪Ҳǲתһ룬ȴ⣬зƽ˾ƺ޺õ֮ǷһȺں֮ڸţӦǼãүӾܴЩҲһ 
áװһӣˣϷ򼴿ȥ̳Σ 
ͷ˵ã洳һˣŻųװݸ´˱ڱ⣬˵صǰݻ 
װһ㶣´ˣ 
һͷǣɴΪȣװһçƷ͢٣ݻ 
ܼұүĴĽһ 
װǲΪȻҡͷδأδء 
˵ߵһĸ٣ҲæйܼҸǰȥӭӣæУʡ𻳷Уһ˽¶в㣬Ųһ٣ȭǸԶϷκæĶൡ֮빫Ӻ 
վһ񣬡үˡ 
Ϸ빫һʣγ̸һֻ࣬󷽱㣬Ϸ鷿һ䣬徻繫ӲС㹫ӵ鷿Ϸ⵱ٶģ㹫ӳԼˮơ 
үԶĽѾãһ̸ֻǽòɣүӼȥæٵŰݷñǣһʱ 
ҲãϷڱоӴݡ 
м丸ֽ֮¾Ѱף׼ұйͣ㲻߶ţǳ 
װæڽӴ¸ϾˣҪߣҲ裬ͬһ⡣ 

׼ұһǾݸĳݣǰһƷٷīףǴ˵ظĸٳˡھ֮޲ǸｫһССУҲʩֻװһ֣㼴ߵһԣź졢ǣĿӹһֻ˷ų֮Ѱ˲٣Խ֮ӣɰ⣺߯Ҳ㲻˵ 
̼䣬ݶдһү 
ϤеûȻһѭһʮ˴ľǱһǷӣüȴɱ棬Ȼǰǡ 
һͬСɣɲǼӲܶĿһƿĻ߳һˣüĿǻ޲ȴ֮ܵӺۡ 

ϲѰѰ겻֮˾ڴ˵֣ҲסֻƬ֮һѹֲסļ¶ϲ˫Ŀ͸Ƴˡ 
ǳǸĹ٣׼ұһȲç֮Ϊۣ˴Ƿ˰֮ͬǰ˵ͷȴŸṫӷװƲһ߿Ҳ֣廳òɰԴ⣺λүĪϲϷ֮ 
ɻ䣬ṫȥ 
ۣ缸Ҫŵɵˣ㶲֪룬ۿҪߵǰѹȱӡ 
лԩסʱֳøֵָ㣬Ṧһĵ洫ʱŹҲǣӲ淽ֻʩչʮԾ籪գۼӳʮɿ⡣ 
һṦʹ۴ǾȣֻԺδѧ㹦ĵܼܵԼɷһʱᣬۼӰԶȥ˼ŲȻһֱ׷ȥѸӥһǰһʧһƬ֮С 
һĻ֮䣬ڳȫɵˣ֪˺£ﲻ֪룬ǻ飬һӣʮװȫ׷ȥ 
ʱǣֻԼһӱһûӰһ׷˹ȥʱһһۣԾβ׷ȥֻ³¸ͬװһˣԶȥͽһͷˮ 

緢ȫ񱼣ܳжʮʱͷһֻӰνеʱѼ̼֮һû±һ͡ 
Ṧãλ۸ѣһĹȻ׷ͷһѽ˵ڸǰʵʲô𣿡 
ű缲ʱ˵ͣͣϢȴ˿ҡϰΪо֮΢ңѪɫȫޣֱŻۣ˵ 
ʱǵҲѸʮµΧм䡣

ʮ

׼ұھݳУóʮ﷽ϸۡ޽ɵһʯկ༫ģ
ŵ۽ӹϵİͨȥʱſһʮܼģ˼ӭӳȭЦӴݹ٣ɸԣֻҼүȽŲ㣬δܳӭǱĪ֡
絭һЦѧĩүӭ
ƮȶͶһٹǰӡԩռǣܼȴҲҵͷӭ븮У빫ƲҼү򡣡

׼ұǼ䷽Բʮɵݣͷһˮ̴ľΣϸ棬ʮɣװУŰֹ֪дԩλӺְѰ˼䣬ܼҴ˽λṫúܣһ̵ĺȴģԩ£˿̼ಽṫ࣬ʮֹ֪λݲͣɽ´ϸꡣ
磬ڿ׺ӺĿ¶⣬֪װɣʩһ񣬡磬үӡ
ض񣬿
װ˰񣬴£ЦǺǵϷ֮Ե빫λСҲ죬ȴͷһμŹӣ֪γƺ
дŻԩףȴִδֵܣ˳̽
һ𻰣ȵϱ֪λҼ
һװһ⡭ô˵
΢΢һЦǼ֣ӼδڽߣүӲʶá˴μҸ΢ọ́Ҫǲǰ٣ףүӸ೤ٱɽ
һ֣лϡ
׼ұԩ㽻׽ϲ̨֮£Ѿ߶ϲйܼˣвˣܼװӣУ˿Իнӹǣתʵװǰ򿪽һǺɵһֻɽͻ۴öèǶɣ˵Ǽ֮
װԩɲ֮һֱֶ־η鲢ֶֻǲĽݣӭӣʱ֪˾ԩ֮ӣ㷣ΩԼһʱдͣЦֹ̣Դǫͣһʯ£¼ӣ¶üЦĿϻкһͨޡ
Ϸٳͼ뼸λСۣϾһݺɽϷ˵ʲôá
йܼҽպãװЦ⣬Ϸ죬֮ϣϷҪúöӼˮƣıл⣬ʱ빫͹ٺᡣ
ǰ˵ʵɱˣ֮ϣүӲǡ
㴵һͳЯҸһתүӡ
ױ飬дһ£װӹһ¶Ϊ֮ɫƬ̣ӣ׼ұӲöʮö֮ԶֲԸ
΢ʧæֵ֪һöǼػǲǼãȽöȥǲϷ¹򣬴һϡ
ֻ֪Ҫⶫʲôȴǲ֪Ҳǲתһ룬ȴ⣬зƽ˾ƺ޺õ֮ǷһȺں֮ڸţӦǼãүӾܴЩҲһ
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¾̸¶һ𾪿־壬һ̬価УĿڲһɬɬʹסϼڻУߣз˻ɢһҲʹˡ
˵꣬ľܡ
Ѱ֮ܵãζνҵ뻳УڵóԸټϻһ¶֪ںԼ֮⣬ǷĽֲĲЩ΢ѹ֮վֲסĻϲḧ˸ͷЩȥĶˣôѧһҵһƾʮ㣬ѷҵ̫ĶѧһҽǷ㿪ĶԲԣ㲻صذɸͷңһǷּ֪㣬ĽдƲ飬˶ٴҲĲ
һ٣̲סգң֪ж໶ϲ
˵࣬ܲӦһָס°̧ͣô˵
һŤͷ֣ŭ书
΢ЦҩʦŴģɻΣǷ߻ħõģº͵úܣ޷ɽ⣬һȥȻҩڹôãǼ£ʹ˻ˣҪңôΪѹ
ڴӦһһԾŶӲʳԵģ˵н⣬Ȼҩ粢εģֻҪ滳ۻȥȴܣĬƬ̣үթӵһˣ˸һʼ޹ϸ𣬻ȥʲô
δ䣬һĨЦڴǣ׽ס˫磬ʲô
֮Ϊûۣδ֮²һʹУǰųڣ븹Уҧػصɣҵͬ㱾Ͳֵܣүʲô
еʱһ£⣺֪ˡ
һּ֮ҵͬ֡
뵽Լٲǻ֮ˣһɫд͸ڡ
ϲŭɫǰ̫Ҳһ㾪ŭܻӻ羹δ˿ˣʮ֣һʱѪ¹Ծڻۻǰ̲סһ
㽩Ƭ̣һɣæˣŲδٿһû۴ᱧȥ
˾粻ɵӣȾŭһ죬ȻֱҪȴ޲֮٣תȥ򷿼һǣȡӹ׽סһֻףýƷŲڵմȾĻҳɾҽţֻš
ؾͬԶڸк֣ҲǱ׽ס˽ţһڴһҶ͵ۿ
СɫֻˣӴͷһ·ȡ˫ѩ׳뻳紩ϣʰˣָһָͷɾ
˻һۣȥˡ
ʱֻһļߣûⴲϷһʱǰ˳¾ɵһùУ֪ǻ۵·䲻⣬Ҳֻôˡ
뻳£ȴϸһȦһ䴩ԿɫصԽԳƮ֮ˡ
ˣȥЬһ˫ɫйѥϸܣһ֪Թ֯˾ʽڽǾΥʡ
⼸¶ԼΪϴЩɫЬҲǴֲѥסԩʳ侫ȴҲͬйȣһͷϣ㱻صʱ⣬ĵһۡ

Ҳֻ֮ǿ˼֮Ŀһ䷿֮ϣȥ򿪣ſתͷү
òʶ֮ǵ긺ػʷԪ
ҲǣֱߡʷһһڸǰүүЪϢ
ЦҲһǶүλүĪҪҽС
ʷæЦСźү꣬ϴүСЦء
˵ͷȴǰ벽Ҳÿֿһ书ʹֻú޺˻
˴ҹ̽òδ֪κˣ졢纣һ֪ʱӣżٲñ˾֪֪ģ½и֪ȥϼӼڴü˼뵽ųһƳԺо£ڳ⸮ϣõ취ȥг纣Լȥηȥ˼ǰҲû⣬żʱһ죬̾Ʋ˽ŵϣүš
˼磬緹ҲδԣöˣֻķңθڣҲǷһۡ
Ȱ䣬һǣҲͲ˷Ѵ࣬ںгȥ߲ؽš
һʱǷˣǽҲδֻý˳ȥ̵Ľš

һҲ֪ʲôȥڷŻݼԾڴϲʧȾ˿޶Щϲ
һװһգʵȵܣݺȥжȥ۽ڣһƳϵһûɾüͷ˵űûùôҲԣǺãǲϲҽ˻ԡ
סվԶԶģүġ
۷ͷϽժУԴŭŵĻʱ̲סºݺһˤٸҽһүԣ
˫Ŀס磬ֱҪʹ븹
һʱ¼鲻Խ뻳У഻Ͻͣŭ֮·Цãã
δ䣬۵ǰקס첲һ衣
м֮ˤ߻صڴϣûֱסá
Ȳ磬ֺαصֵܹϧ
һҧЦһȥ⻳
̬֮߰סһ༥㱾ͲҵֵܣȻ¡
һǹ⵶ڣֱ̻۷θ뵽Լһ鸶ˮģʹʡ
˲һ񼤵ǮӿʱǣϢﴦһʹҲһɣʱ𣬺޲ܴһš
ʹƬ̲Źң־־ԼؿڸһƬҲ᲻ðΣȥḧա
Ŀճգʢˣ˿˱ѹ쳣֮ŵķŭ约£ۼƫͷ㡣

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ҴȷȻȫֵ֮飬㻤֮ģԵܵܣֻ಻٣㵱ҲգҲãȴ¿ɼް٣Ҳһ˼ңֻԸгһףĪҡ
ⷬһһ仺ͻǰ۲ڵһԹȣʹ뾭ѵȴִżͲ࣬ݰӱġ
꣬β뻳ؾ˴ԼĵεΣκҲȲϵϧͣ֩˿һȦȦƳ֪佫Լ룬ÿһѣ˽˺ѷεĲܲᡣ
ֵֻܲ𣿡
ŻۣԻձ߻䣬һֱǸ硣
ҡͷһĨЦϴߣ̫ˣһ߳ȥҲزͷ
§Уȥ۽ΣÿңΪʲô޵Ҳҵģǲǣ
ᣬϣ
ɶ㺣ԼҲ˵˰죬ûһӦ

΢¶ʱ԰ȸҲߴߴλ¸Ȼ񣬺԰а顢Ӹ硢Ĳʮ֣ǰתֻǽеöΣ籾˯òȣӲгѹһۣӳеıǻһƿ̵Ӣӣ˫Ŀϣһֱֻۻ䣬§ס㣬ҹȳһȴֱаɶ
ֻǵ۱ڻпʱ˯Źȥû˿ӡ󣬲Ϸգּò뻳м֮ףʱ˯һȱϢȴһһգëɦֱĵ
Ժߣ粻Ծɾţ˯͵͵
ʱ˯óȣͷɢµٳͣƽʱ֮ӢӴ˿̸ס
ã֪ɫ۽һգ˿װ˯ǲ㶵뻳Ŀԣֱֱ˴С
һ۱һ˫ͫһգգԼĿ㯡ĽЩ΢ֲһ˿кرϲ
ϰ֮ˣɼϣ˯ѱ㼴ϰһ̫ʱȴһҲԸֻڴ뻳ӵԣǲԲǧ֪㡣
۴δɰУһʱϲޣΨʱʹסӴĵϱһһ
ֻϧ첻Ը򣬱һӲǽѵõľܰƻ
һδʳտҲǰۣʱף
һ֮ȻʧЦ𣿡
ȻЦԼѿƿӲ
ۼĿܿԼһ΢գŤеԳʮֵĿɰǺЦΡ
ΣһУȴǻ磬ǻδԷʱпտգֽл繴𼢻Ҳһ
һ˾һ㶣漴Ц㲻ȴˣϷҳЩɺã
һ߲䣬֪Լ΢΢ۣȴ¾ȥקֻϴ

˺˯һޣĲӣߵſȥŷԸ䣬һʱѾͷˮ
ǳ̰ģﶼź˻۸²ȥʱŷ¶۵Ƿ̣ȥɡ
ѾͷˣʡʲôͰڷɣгЩ𻨸
ѾͷӦȥˡ
۾ȥϴ£ʰ׵㽫µˮ˽ҡ
˲˵Ҳúˮ΢ʪճ弫Ҫһԣĥĥ䲻϶
Ҳգ¶⵽ȥ
ʱŰŻõϴˣ۷һˣĿһת䣬һѩɫ£ȻǰһͷϴʱˮʱʪڶϣĵüӨ
˷ֱ֮ã곤ɸӣǰԲЩȻپȴŮѵһӢݣôһվȻĿơ
һ֪ܵúÿȴǿôס۾һ˲˲̾ⲻһ㣬Ŀʶڡ
޼ɵ̵߽һǸǳǳһΣһأǳճӣ֪ĺɫɺת࣬תס
۳ɫ䣬аһãæĿ⣬ק
ǳԷȥһգҪЩźá
ûѣ׽ǣסߡ

ѰһģඹӦоУ磬ȴסһһޣʱ˸ۼƽϣƾ۰£һ𻨸⵽
ձȲǸζ𻨸ûЩ˼붫ĵȣһ򰮳ʳ׿˻ЩҲ
֮𣬴ֻбźķݶʱźˣڻǰ޾ϸϼˣ쾭õ̻һ㣬˿ͼίΨһǻĸԸ
ҹôһȥ˼֣ȴǲ֪ദʱҲҿǸͷԣЩ
ֻúˣԵ𣬺ǸˣҭţʢҶ࣬Щ͵ǰԼų

ĬһٷʱǽүѾá
۵˵ͷ߰ɡ˻ȥ
־󣬽߬סһֻȻʧȴֲ½ʹżһţø˿Σֻλˣһͬϣһţֻʣˣٳס
֪ڣҲǿ˿ȥ
һɣȥͼԶЩ
ǻ۳õģǿȴҲܲסطޣֶ㣬뻳ҲԶѡ
ȣʻǳ˳⸮ڳʯ·һű۳˾ݳǡ
һ⿴ȥ뾣ݳԽԽԶȴֲ򱱵Ļؾ֮·̲סʵҪȥĶ
΢΢һЦޡ
һ㶣ΪȥǶʲôֲԸͬ˵˼񿴲Цͼı˽ıޣηּѲǴѲðٹ̫֮УѰҹı֤֪κҲǼģԭǹأ˷ıݾϽ£ɴ˱ܡֻ轫סκѺ뾩˻ϸǰа취ʵʵ˵϶ԻѾģɱѣҲɽ𻢣ֻǻʶˣҪִΪһ̫ҲӲ
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ֻЩȥޣǻأ֪˶˽һм¶书ٸѵֵùǧ
鼱֮ɫ䣬ȴ΢ЦԼ˫۾糿ǣ˵Ļϲ֮顣
ټ۸˳ʵ֣ʵЦʲô˵Ĳԣ
ֻЦ
ǰʱҪڻˣô¶ʵȴǽʮҲˣۼЦгԼƿЦؾͷ˵ˡ  


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Ƕͷȴƻϲըһ̻ˣЩЦ⣬ֻǷȸԾ⵽װ಻סвЩ
볻ݲԶҲǻķأפȴֻڻϣͳĴŮǰѡ̫Ӳѵ¸ӣǵó֮ʣһҽָ̫ӵǻŮɻڴȻ췴ҳǰ̫ǲ֪ɱܱ߲Ӧһҵޱ¶μԻǰ
ͣһͣס˻һֻ֣żǵֻ𣿡
˵˼һ죬һףȥŤͷҿ
֪ŤţҲƣЦ֣Ƭ̣ôᵽģ׼ұʶһ·Ĵ̽٣ûϵ㡣
˵Ц⣬̤Ьٴȫѹ򡣡
׼ұԩ󣬻ֱ棬Ҫǣֿǻģ֮ԸһССɣ練ƣ˼һתҲ˵ʶͬΪһ̩ɽǽ·˵طٳŰݻһҲӦõġ
з鲻˵»׷ʣʵᵽ׼ұȥ
ط֮⻹ǻ״£֪Ĵȴϲ
ʱ׼ұ֮һӵİ;ݣʶһ˽гǰȥһײſڣӱûšд˵пʵ֮Ӿ˵ҿҲδأȱҰǿϼְˡ
ֹǿϼ֣Ƕȷʵ֮СС֮ȴпɽʯ֮ܣ޾ȣ
ǼʶӵģӣһΪȻҪ˵ӵ԰֮ίʵС֮ܽװعأ绢ǶսʱõͶʯ֮֮ԶԶȥϮŵо֮Ҫʤһ㾹ɺͱǰ˵˵б˾Ҳѧѧ˼գһЩ򱱾á
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ˣ˼һЦ˵׼ұҵҪһ˲ǡ
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׷ʣһתͷȥ⣬װ;羰ʵǳúɴסͷһƬģʲô羰ˡ
˾ĬƬ̣ۺʣ˭̵ģҽô£
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紹۾ڹķҼҴڲͬõһŹ򡣡
Լ֮
ȸͽѧȴδһɵڹķϰģǾǺ棬ӣ뻳֮£޷־ϸҪ֪һźãοһѧֻϾǰˣ֪бȼҴѧɽ˴ȥּԸ̸ֻðº棬΢΢һЦԭˡ
ٲһ䣬ȴмƽϣշպ׳ǡ

ͷеʱһʻݳʮٵż˼ңԶ羣ݳзг弣ЩƷһʣȥˣߺȵҶЩɾ˳
类ߣһӣʱСţպʳĽ֭żв˵Ĺ򣬻͵͵պЩ֣֭ϲ۴˸Ƶıǳ
ǺԩӴϢ֮ã类ЮˣǻҹӣҪ죬˿ͨ籨뾣ݷֻ̳ó²ߣĸеӼţ볣纣֪ҲѰ䣬취ȥ
ʱĻ˼ڷϣҰ˼Ҳ˿ӣϢˣֱק뻳ͬ

緹Ե٣ϳزԲ۱㵱˲Ͽζֻ֮ʳԱ˻ӣóʳд򿪣ŵߡ
ǺжֻϴɾңȭͷСϮˣһ֪֭ҵмңĿһ¸˹ȥۿڣȥһȥ
ǵɫ죬ʻۣ˵Ǹˬڣʱθڴ󿪣һֻӿеøɸɾ
緹ûгԱһֻñӣһֻһֻ
һǻ۽˱ר·ϽõģԵøˣҲϲһԺЦһ˸ɾ
һֻң㣬عǶһʱ˾⣬ڳ̾һ
ЪƬ̣˫üһԭ͸ˣʵ֭žֹСģǵ²֭ˮϣʱãʱðɣ̧ͷĹˣѰҽ֣Ŀһת䣬۴ǺЦԼζɺã
һЦһͳӣӲеЩˮ棬á
ڳһ˿𣬵ͷޣõģҾ֪ҲóԵӡ
üһһóԣɼĺˣϧֻ⼸ȴˡ
һ㶣ȥʳУֻһ㣬ǿտҲֻֻҺˣʱ⣬Լ̫Ĵ⣬Ҳûñ˸⣬ľ˼ϱЩڨڨأګګҳԵ̫Щûһ
һ٣ּﻹδݵؽ磬ǰмҲˣٶЩҲ
˫΢УЦһζ¾ֳɵķӣαػҪȵмȥ򡣡
粻⣬ҪһӲǰ˵ۻŴһȣһ˫ڴʵʵһֻͷ˳ߣ˱ݡ
󾪣ѣֻеù±㱻۴ᱧϥϣᱡ
֣Ƕ˾ҹλ֮ʷᵽϢƣһͷ趯ϳ򦣬ֲסͷϷŪסһ˫Ҳţ»´ӽڴ¶һƬ
ּһ˫ʹȥƣλ˿Լø
ڴ͸˸ʵʱûۺݺ£٣ֻԱзЩš֮⶯Ļꡣ
յ蹦򣬷ŷſڴͷһ糯ϼĿˮǰϢֹ֪ջǱǵƣǰһƬҲȾۺ죬˵ʤա
۳˼ĺİ֮˱ڻУﻹסһָֻϻؿڣסװ棬һЦڴԻ紽߻£°һ·׹ӡǣסһֻ˱Ū

һпںУеһסܻŻۣ͵ͺȵſҡ
½ͷ֮Խ޼ɵааһЦһЩҿŪȥ
ᴵһֵͶޣ޸徲Ժӣٺúý
һ˵һƣ˻亹̽ȥָǵ˽֮һͨࡣ

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Ͼǵվϼ룬Ǵȴϸۻ˿ǵļô꣬ǾϸϸʹмһԹɼڶһػ䵽أܲ˵
Ծһ㣬ʱСεüΣǻƽյ֫ٺȥֻʣ˴ϢյĴвʱ© 
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Ž̻ȿ£ˣãӿйį͵ʱһǲûУ
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˵߲ɶڴ֮ȴȻһ˿ۣһҪγѪȴſסЩԼҲûҧס´ǿ̡
֪ʱѻһ̲ˮֱֻյͷһˮշȥɢˣãã涫
۵¼һ֪쵽Ųæǿõɼ䣬ºݺ顡һܣ͵һʣ΢ȡ
ҧ촽ףֹסӱ©Ȼȫñֱһ£һﲻס¸ֱӿȴһС©ڻǷ
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鳱δ˾Ϣȷô߱Ť֮ƽյݱз飬ͣ§ס˲֣衡Ǹ·ǰӲʱһ㣬ֱֱ
˽ĥһʲôȻȥһһӲһסԼʱŵ۾
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ԽԽ£ɫǴ䣬Ϻˣָ԰ס
۷ϣһ֪ΪΣȴƫƫֹסŪ֮ģҧסЦһұ⡣
棬ǸֱֱڴȸϣǾǿʱӲҧҧ͵͵үҡ
һڣѳ㾹ǽҵĻԷˣ
ŭЦǲĺá
һǻ飬лһ仰ˮͷ£ķУһŭֱ¶ЦŴֳѿһֻ쵽ȥŪͥ
ּ£Ҫ£˫ȣȴֻӼеøһֻۣѨָͷʱʧ룬Ųסʧ磬𡭡硭㡭
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絫ָ˳ȴԾɷϣֲҷɣ繭
ӣУ̾˿һЩҾرһá
ǿƣ긦ȴɶҲҶһ£Ψּû۷ŭ
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һΪ۳ҪܣȴֵĪ£ȥָֻŪһŪá
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ΰҲһӢ佡˶ʱǵϴ󣬸оˡ
л֮Ϊ˳˲ٿͷĵױ˼־⣬ͨˮ֣֮ŪõߵΣʱ޲ܽһ겻ȴǱҲܼʱ״СֻμǵҲģǴûʱл׽ֻưϣֻһƣԼҫݺᣬֹסϷգֻ
̵࣬ȥק˲ţӸŪʣǣŻ̽ȥ
ǶŲ̾ˣʱУɱ棬һһת˵ǻף˶ɡ
縦һŵôסָӲצҲҶĶ긧ŪֻߣЦǰٴΣҲûΣôһӣٽͷһҪһ㡣
籾ͽһ⻰羪֮񣬻һ£л۽ϣһ£ָץգһƺߣɫ䣬Ӳ
һв׳˺£һĹ򣬻ۺطſ֣ᵹһԡ
һ±ʶ羹֪Ǻãһֻס۵һţͻһָ׷һ˿ϸ΢ѪɫǺˢףڰŻۣҲ⣬硭㡭㡭
ŵûҲ˵ˡ 

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۷¸߰лһץҪطʱ۵ήȥʵҲǻ˶ֻǵطʵΪ֮ܲһ˻ֻлָײƿƤһ˿ѪȣҲʹͣð亹
ٲⷬüͷɫǶۣ޴룬һŸʣ㡭˵
鼱ѹôƬֻƮ⣬ȥΪʲô£ųʣү²ף
۲ŻЩҧһ䣬¡
ǣԣݺݵ򻳷磬ҲڳһǴҲҴ澪̹֮ɫһǻŭ޴ӷϵùΡ
ôһ֣컲ķΧȻ޴棬ʹȴҲûһε£ȻӲǣֻԼһţ޲Ѱطȥ
һ·ϣ˾ĬȻԣڡ

䣬һеСҼջס£ԾûѺ˯һݣŻ۳˵ҪϽĻԽݱĵֱֻ˴ҲԽ£Ǽ۱ǼоȻһίȣⶼȥ˼֣һȥֻ¶һӰ
ԭʧߵ֢Ҳ˯ֻѧҽעصⲡѺ߰˳ɣҹĻСʱҲˡ
˯ˣȴأԲܳߣһӻŭ֮ȴãòƣװϣ軳ھΣ˵ϴϻĺ«һԣһȰڳίɫǺǺЦֻһתʡ𻳷飬֪Ҫ׽Լڵ죬Լȥֺñˣһ£ЩӣɲȴѺȾ˯˹ȥһֻһ죬аûûεĶ
ˣԾ޿κ̾Цתһֱֻڻϡ

գһ·۰뻳ͬһȻѳֲסҪȥŪƫʹǿƣҪò죬룬Ȼ˳ֻһ˹ڳС
·ల£һ˫۾ٲҲɿһ·ϻϲŭԼǲ䲻ȣȻ죬ȴֺزȻʧ˺Ǻŭ겻һ;¼Ǻţ˰ʱ֣һͶʱʡֻʱڿջ֮ڣҪǰ۴ȴǲˡ
һеسǸһϵջǼҰϵ꣬ǡһ˲࣬һ£ǰԺ䣬ƹֺһֶ϶Ǵҹӣ¾㶼ڷ̣źһ˳Թϴˮյȵͽ
һڳϣϲ࣬࣬׳˯ǰҪϴһźáϰߣԹɢȥֻԸſڣһԡԼԱ㲻ڡ
ԺСʱǵһг̣Żݡ
˼ʻϴ齣ҲۼԡͰˮţҲý˸ʣˮϴϴ֮ѵ⽫ˣȥʩʩȻƿӡ
Ҳٷδ˯۶һתװ˯
˼ùۣ΢΢һЦת
˹ȥȴǲˡ
羪˫ۣһ˫ƾӨ͸¶ź£̲סȥϸϸǣԺֻˣ½ʲôֻܽг
һЦһѸȥ
˵Сʤ»飬˷ֱֺֹǧգĪ˵һǻѹƣǻ磬ĵ׾״ȻһȴѷԼܿƣûһͨ긧ŪཥڣԼյ蹦һţɽл۷ֿ˫ȣָ
ò£ͥһ紦ӣǵǵۣŪвʱСȴ
ŪһǺͥݵָͷ룬ȻҧϸϸϢʱѽסӴ©һĨ쳱Ⱦʣ봺鲢٣һɲǼ˫
ۺһϣٳ޹ģ̲ãָ衡֮ȥǰһ͡
ΰŽһ룬ǡһʹ𣬲һζ˻ȣĻꡣ
ĵۼһҧϣϸϸм˫üʹһ뾹ұ绺һһֵ˽ȥ
絫漷ִֵШʹһǵûţȴǾΥĳʵ㣬йʱڵĿһɨգ֪õ⡡֣֮ȻУ治Ծһһ˫ֱҲ§ס˻۾
۵ʱ´ãס˻磬˿Ϸһ
겻浹ԽˣҧҺ
һЦһ滺建УڻƬѩΡϣһյԲ塣
ѹܲסԼӣ־ȴһ˿⻰ϼұޣȻȴӹһ߲գӲ΢΢
ɫһţȴӵù˫ۣаһ̾ϸڻü۽ǣ䱦ĺǻϧ׵û۾ȥӳԼһҡ
˼οЦʳɫҲ֮ҲûܳѵóȥҽǷӣ֮Ϊ֮ʲôΪģ㲻Ҳвλϲ𡣡
۾ǲһ
δ䣬űѽһУٿһ
ԭоû۴УڱһֻۼеҲһˬЩʹй˳
һ㱹󣬻סԾȴǳһͣһֻΡһģžž
ûң㲻¼㺬֪⼸Ȼʱҵģģ㲻ôҲǲȥģȻŪ㻶ϲ˲ǡ
Цţݺײ˼£ûһʶģ
һ绺һſںݺҧڻۼϣ֮Ϊ뼡ʱҧѪӡѪⷽɿڡ
ۼһʹȴǻ첻⣬ݺݾʮ㣬ϲסයŪһǵûʱ˿ȥڴĹ򣬷ڶ㲻Ը£󲻹ͬΪӣֵܣ˸ٳ²ûЩ˼ɣǲǾݵˣ
꣬ͣͣСȻش𣬵һţȴվʲôҲû˵
һ֪ûô׺ûĸԸֹס΢΢һۡԸǱܣҲ¶ֱ΢֮ɫȻһЦܸĸۣ֮ԵһעҪϵһģңȻǺõģûңҲһŰɣҲմҲգ뻹ӵÿȥǲʲôѭӦˬģҲ𷣣ֻڤ֮Ԥϣܵظ޹һգȻǷ˵ףǿ㣬ʲô̷һеǣϲǰǵֻ׹˶ҲҲգȻǰȥ㣬ʱҲֵܣĵ׸Щ


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ͻһһȴǲݿܵɵˣһҲ˵
һǣͷһָֻһزʱᣬһһͼ籩꣬Ҫǻ˵á˵õһкУˮ֮ʸһľκס۵һ˫ȴֽһһҷɡ

һ磬һ㼴װֻҵȣʼղ۳֣ԺſڵͰ͵վһޣ緹ҲûԣۼͣӻоԴģֻδ˭ҲԽȥ鿴׵ȵǹѯʣæʱδţĪǳ£ֻվһҹҲûʲô
Щ㷣Σҧҽȥ
ϣйؽ뻳סԺ׼ýһҪٲ˵ĹأǸ֪ǳΥֻͷǽ䱸в֮һиʧһҪԹ䣬ҲֻӲͷƤŽԺӡ

ԺǰŽգߵԺмѲпǰŷԶүү
ԵһȣӦľսֻ۳£Ҫǰߣźؿһ죬һϮֻ˼ۣ¶һǣʲô£
һ㶣ûػүδǵĿ£˽һʡ
һɫ¶һ㾪ȣָȻԸ̫ȣ·ּЩһɣ㴫ȥղŸ·ЪϢһ죬ߡ
˵˷š
ʵնڳУͷҲɹţҲֲϰ䣬ǿͻ˱֣Ӽ˵ˣɣʰɺԺӣȥֵЪϢ

۹ߵǰһǣ¶˯աһ˫ڰ׷۽ţѻë£ӳһȦࡣ
ҹһƸֱ꣬ҹżͣۿѾãǲ׷Źѷҹʱʵֲ֧סȻҧţúǰģ硹ֽ˲֪ȴֻеûԽͣǸսݵļơ絫ΪʹʹתΪľһ鳱ݣһھۣ֮һڷ˼⣬Գ֣Ͳס˻ɢҲвһţձ§һ˯¡

һս뼫ߣǲ˵ľ˯ȥеԣµ顡й˸ʹ죬ڹտˣȴҲ˯ʱĵر½л
˯ʱǳĩݴ˼ʻʱԳߣǻŶûܳѣȣֻ˱һıɵظϣ¶Ųֱһ˫ȡ
ҹۼºֻǴִһδ˼ʱµӱǡӤ͸ᡣ㼡һӨ⣬˵޻ˡ
齱ߣĿѲã¸һȣȥһ縧棬ָɼ䣬ʶ㣬δ˼ɼȥһ֮΢죬˫һŷǡǺײһԼ̫æȥҩЩôһţҲϨˡ
һͨæأԲѣֻǺͥﱻָĨҩ֮ʱüһָ˯ۼ
æ꣬Ծ¿˯ߣһɾܰ齣§˻һͬߡ
ҹѰۣһ£ʱҲ˯˹ȥӵԣ緹Ҳһ

һ˯ֱѣһϼ⣬Ϧ£͸ֽһƬλƣ졣
Իĵ۴зˣ
ˣûҽ࣬һЩɡ
˿ǰ磬㲻׽򣬷㣬ɢ˼ܰ㣬̧һ̧ȵҲûУʸʹһŤ۵
𶯣
ۼӲʣ۲ѣűͷ£
һǺ˯˯һһҹȥ
Ƭţһ𣬱ӻ£¶羱ϼƬϣǻҧǺۣǰֻ顡Ҳɫ޺죬֮ƽһȦѩƤϣ˵ķұޡ
ۼˣһȣ࿴ۡ
Ŀȣ᲻ֻߵ࣬ϳ
΢΢һЦһȡ׸ɾ
ѿҲֻλ۷̣ѴˣϺδˣ۰ɷ̬֮һֻ𻳷°ͣǣȡЦǵڹӸõǿ࣬ô˲ãżαġ
лһҹ֣Ҫŭܣȭֻҧÿ죬޲ȥѪ
ҧгһɷ޷޲ƽ֮ɫ˼䱾ýţǰĿĮһŭԳѵõȻµıǱʱ޺޵ţ˫ӳԼΣٿ´ãôˣ˵Īƽϡ
һͷɢڼձߣ˳ְӵ
һв顡ӣ𻳷ʱ˼㱼ֻصֵܶమ֮ʱŭʱ˴룬ü۽ͽ㯡
ɫȻһ䣬ʢŭ˸У˶Ե˳֮ǰķƽµĳƽͣ۴Ӳ̬һ֮ػḧգ΢ЦˣҶ㡣
֮֮ȴ죬ǰݻͣ쳤վϰ˵һѲ̣۶ϣҨһףǴ˴͵ߣͷ
ҲƨҲۣһ˫ȴǺö˶û㲻ʣɸз϶Դüͷ壬Լ
Լ
һķޣֽ緹緹ã¶ǵƣ½һಢһС˳Եøɸɾһӣٿϣֻһಢ嵭ȣΨһ̻ƹϰ輦˿±㲻ȣͲԾ΢΢Ʋ뻳۳Ȼ˲ӣȴѲ˴ԼṆ̀װ͸ֲм
ۼǲһ޵̬һǰȻǸûûεСүһ㣬Խ΢ЦĿǧ硣
۵û˯ȥǵض㲻ϴһҿ˿⾹Щףúգ⼸Щ֮һŲܳԣƢθ˼һȹ⼸գʲôұʲôòã
ӳлͬŮӣºϴɾǱ֮ҹһʱ飬ڹȡк˲֪Σºֲӻ㱧˯˹ȥײ֪Լͷ̫ҽķɣֻ糦ףصطԸ嵭֮йϡʱܣȴ뻳⼸ûһ⣬ɴǸΣСġ 


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籾Ӳ²죬һᣬػҹʱΣ ȣҲ֪˶پˮ滹һƬʹ֭ˮѨڳһڵճɿ첼޵ݣ̡
Сڳǳųбмֽԣֻ̫뻳ǰЩ⼸ԹѧǫԲڣѹס˱ԣʱǵƢط廳µ㣡
סͷ£Ҳˡ
һ㵣ת۶ӣЦ֮ྐྵ쳣Щ΢ΣȥקǱӣ죬ͷȫס˲Ƶû𣿡
λק֮˴һ뱧
ҲãĪ
˰죬ҲοЦɿ֡
ʱһŤǱһۣЩʹгҧط£ƾⲻǣǲϴ˰Σ֨ѽһбֻʣһƬž˺һۻﲻס¶ͷһŽգϲҲ

СʱܲۻɫˣһƬ
ʯһӦȫ´ȥ㣬ôһţ·˯˰㣬һȴʼվӾһң뵽Լ󣬻Ҳͣ£Ǿ˷ϰݣֵԼȴź˼㲻ͷֳ̿ȥԽԽպޣԽպԽģһ࣬ɱУһ˫۾Ҳʼտţ澹ԼҲؿΡ
ֹƬ̣⴫һŲ΢ǻ⼸ϰڹĿ࣬Ҫ
һ֮±֪ǻۻæתͷָͷϡ

ŽֲָȥߵӫӫӳΣͷȥǱӡ
»ƻֿ˯ˣ˶Сᣬҿһ˫ĿգһӴߣë˼֪δ˯ţǷߣЦвųİӣԼòã
һ˵һ˸İӷŵߡ
ϱߵĵҲʳײŽ۾²˻˵⣬ǰԵġ
ųȥȥһˣºŭ۵ؾɢҲװ˯ˣ۷˿ϣȻһѩȺİӣڴҲŵõǹ̲סһڿˮϷһףҲټ
һ˵۱һϲа˺°ιмУЩİ棬ңɵЩһǿ̵ģҲŵѧ˵գֻǲİһ
»ųҭֻιһڱ㱧ãһŵϥϡ
ǰڵò̲²˻ζʮ㣬ֻǰӸͷдСζ籾ûгԱ¸θڴ󿪣ҲˣŻϳʣİӣ±Լ͡
ЦһߣԵ𣬱Լɵˡ

һӳ꣬緽ʱҲƽҲ˳ɫҲôŤˣèƵڴϣɻ۸ź˳ë
ͬ˯һ齺󣬻۱㼫ټ˳ѵһԼһʱЩܳУһ󣬴ǲֵøЩ
ƽհʱӶ࣬Ӣܾǳ΢ЦʱҲһ侲Ͼͷ׽ʱȻЦůգӳ׶￪ԽԵÿԡ
һƳƼʱ˼ģǰôôЦ
ʲôӹһ˿ɬתͷ
Ťţһ˯ֻ̬֮ʳ⸱˯òŸű𻳷ϰҪʱһ͵
ôˣĶ
˫üһ۸һЦҲˣǰŵһףֻü˼ֻ̼ġ
ۡ
˺һ֣Ȼһ
һ漴Ȼᷭԣһְֻఴ
ֻһֻİ׵ָͷѨλ򰴻󣬲ʱʹ磽⣬࣬һ̾
۰һ¼ϸۣЩԳȴҲ֪ҹڵû繻Ǻڻʵǿֻð̾һǣˣȴⲻ˳ûԶ
˺һһ磬˯ˣһ˯գ۲ʧЦЦһ䡸ôתһ룬۹˾δЪԵʣȴԼĲˣ㼴ȻӸϣϨҲϴ¡

徲˯һޣָ𣬻۱·
羫ͷˣֻϵһʱԺòˣּǵ֮ҲЩþԳűüϳʱȣл۵뱧ȥһϳ
Щ˶ֻĸǻߺģ׻ǺݣԼϸڷ̣λүһĿǾǺ棬˽ͬ۴
Щ˶֪£һ뵽飬Ķҽðҵթһ˵㶼֧֧Ҷʵüˣ㷴ӵҲ˵ġ
ô˼˵졣

ݾ뾣·̲Զ򻳷Ӳʣ·ϵգ֮ϣа¹Ҳ͵ˡ
;У۾֮Ż˲ٰǱʶֻԴûܳţʱڻƤӵ£©˶·ûѶϢ֮½½˱ǣȴҲ֪ԩܷܲˡ

֮ĩȵҪȴһ˿磬һ˲δǣֱס˾ݳǶʮһׯȥ
ׯƽ˾סֻһԹµϷ򸾣˾ͣͷǲļӯýѷһӾ书
˼һǰͶޣ´һó̴ľɵĿж½䱸һ˷Žׯ
ľƻڻ۷мխ߰ȲҲ̷ֻ򵥵һС׭ɵġ֣ȵʱһƾܽţѲµ˴Ӧ²ҵׯӣѯʡ
ڴ˵صһЪ֮㵹飬µһ˿һ·˵ʱʱ̲ס棬ʣԸԼ˵ЩźãЦʦʱ棬ϲģΪ®ס࣬ѧϵĶڴ˼ɣ˼ҽȺڴׯԺÿҪסϼ졣
۾סǶϷ򸾣ֵеվоģŮĽԭǽһǿʦ£ձʱ°뱲ͷʦ￴Ż
طݳǲԶҲձأ̽ϢǷ㲻ּȰµıҵ˵طǳϹҲ鲻һ˼⣬׻ѡţ¾յǱ˼֣ԣشׯ



ʮһ

ׯӲССɣʤᾫ࣬ׯ⻷ɽˮǰǧ涳֣¶ȸԨȻ֮һֻϲԺӣȲҪȥĴתһת
ЩʱձŲȥ֮軳ʱԺಽţԼ粻ãȵҲͷһ֪ׯΣҪ棬һǡ
µû޻˵ֻǣˣǰתһ⡣

ׯǰֻϷסͷһŵһ䶫᷿䶫᷿ʮס
һԺһǸӣ۸ʦĴ澴ηǲ룬˸ס¡Ҳ׽һΪˣλֵһ˴Ǿ˿վڷſڣڳ׾ңһ˷ɣȻ
վſȴһҲ̤Ψðվ֮ɫۼ˾ʦǻϲߵˣس;ȣҴȥƣʦ˼Ҽ˱ضϲ
һϲͷģ
ϲȸԾԱ
һЦḧգӦ£ʲôʱʳԹ
һԺ˲ӹȴҲһΣһʱûжһ֮١
ۼԼ׽ϲۼǰһſԼ֮һȣǰ㣬Ҫȥڴһգٿؾѣ˫Ȼһƣģʲô
һ֮ȫƳҲƵûһվ˼ʱΪΡ
˿̲ʱ̣ͷʢԺ徲ˣҲ׼ǵʱһʱ飬ʡҲһͻɫ죬ǸΣҵĲǣĪ
˵䣬˼һš
һɫ˹ۼˣֿЦׯǰƬãȥһ䣬ɺã
Ƭ̣ϲŭȲ˵Ҳ˵ãŭûøɾЩҪ⼸䲻ǣȴ͵һߡ
һ¶һ˿΢Цæȥ

䣬˻ص÷ǲϷеֻһĲˣһɣһһȲ
һ·ҲûԹ˼ªķˣüǼæǰղִ٣֮ǰ˲ߣ˵ׯĲ˲Щ˳ԣֻܴպһ٣ձȥ򡣡
һϷ򸾱еޣۻүүҲˣ˿̱ͣȴҲֻһ˵ӣ˱㲻áǽ˳ԣϵ˵޲ˣֻԺи԰ӣȴŪ⼸˳ʱ΢ʣ̫ص߳ŭȰһʲôҲʹǣԸֻܵˡ
ֻ˸ɵۡ
ʦ˵ƢŹ֣ԭҲûָܵ˷̣ô˵ҲͰˣһ͵
˵񳤵òϾˣһζΡ
ԼҲһ곴Уһ׽һɬζѴֱʱס˿꣬ٿ磬ﺬһ綫Ҳ£ʧ̬šüԥǸҪŹжŹ֡
˶һۣӶԷ̬ϾЩߣ¼ûڣҲ˲ʧˣ£һĲ˳
ү
Ǵ󾪣ΪкβףЩ˷޲ģôƫǳ˲ӣŵ޴룬Ӷ豭һͨ͹ࡣ
úܱôࣿ
һ°ˮԾͷ˰㣬ٽһš
ǴδԹѳԵĲˣ׳嵭˿ζ̲ˣĥھǳ̫ǲԸźأ
ȴ֪ԭ⾣ΪûǮռȸߣǮףԷ޲ʹȥϡҲԼʮָմˮרɱԽ꣬˱շ˹ѷԼ³ԣκ˾ô˵ĲѳޱȡǾη绢ԼԸ³˲˳㲻óҲֻȥö֮ϰζѸߣζ˻ζԽһ˺޲ܷϰΣѰ˳˲Ź֡
۲ʵ飬˼ΣԽԽõǰԸԼ
֪˵ҲǽеһʱˣԲģ꣬ԼˣϾǺ󱲣Ҳܵ潫˵ūʹͨ˽ڣҲ黳ֻǿЦȥҸӹǡ
룬ֵһ·ϲдĸģҸӳյģȥһ࣬дҽǸһٰɡ
ٿϣһ仹ûȴҲҳˡ

һ˸˼·ƣۣպ׵˵ͷ㶼˯¡
ϴɵϣʱ磬ڳ˯һģʱŴ滳ϴԡˮֻܾצӣһ±ȫѪ֮ж⣬ԾƮǱȥ
ǰ̫۵ʵ죬֮ڸ·۹ϧӣһ·ϳ˸ǣûľٶĹĹ⼸꣬ãϱǰЩһͨŪѾõ顡ָ⼸ڳۣôãһѿһ
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Ǳ߳ճյطŴ߻ԡ³ɵһԡ
һ·Ͽѹ˼ڻаг̣ʱ˵ͷ޴˹ǣһǻ𣬵չ§˹˭֪Ʋһӣ˾ҲЩ
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ΪԼ⡡һѵûһʱ˼˿˰㣬ûҲ˵
ۼɫҰףҧ´һҲɪɪֻԼϵֶΣæ£ǽֻһΣòã
Ƭ̣粻ֻӦˣһֱֻסһֻȥѡ
ȲҲ±۴ԼпߣһζŪҳһƬȴҧأйһ˿
ʱʾһ߻ȵѹһһ˫ֱǯƹסԼ緽Űεһ޶ʱȼһػ棬֫ٺ鶯֮£ɲøЩ
ͷؿǲݣӶɸһͣ
ղǵûּʱ⸱ֻ̬粻ԸͣҲֻǿ԰ˣ룬־ʣʵ治Ըǽǡ
˵꣬ٿſ˫ֱۣǷҲϿԼ״ԽοЦͷһ·ҲˣЩ˯ɡ
Լͻ紩ϡ
þ£ƽյҲ»ֻһ϶ѣ˱㲻ҹǿƣƽּ浭ʧ䣬û⻳һĨʧ֮ɫһҹȥ
 

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һʰͣ£ȴתҲһ£¹ܲסԼֽţΨּഥˣֻŻȣôȻֹһʱƽΪ˼𣬱㽫˼ת˴Ŀȥȥݳд̽һҪҪǲȥκ鷿Ѽţ˼ǰʱ𷽽ϨˣֹƬ̣˯Ϯ˹ȥ
˼˯ˣȴأԵŴһ˫۾˯Ҳޡ
ûò顡ǣһǴ֮ʱƫƫ˿ȥ˰أòܣֻѪ˵ֻ޲ˮһźã˼尾֮˯ţƫʱţֲշת࣬˻Σֻ̣볣˲ͬһײȥһʱǲɢٰʹ̲ס޺޵ס۱Թּ֮һ̣ͨ¹ޣԼ׹а֮޲磬ˮ֮Ҳܰ;ϣȴԼҲֱ治ˡ

һ˼ֱҹƽظ賿Ҳ˯ˡ
ãɫף˹³Űȥȥݳǰصǵˣ绹˯ţĪҪʲôʱٽ˽ȥź򡣡
һ٣ֵţⷽԲʮ֮ڽԿȥãֻøˣʮγ֣Ҫ˴˻һʱǲǿϸԼ
ʮ˽ׯӣԼֻģݳǶȥ

һֱͲѣһۣѿһˣŽţžһµʰͣ˱㵽ſڻ˶ˮϴ
յֵصǰľˣһвţһе£ǶֵͬܣԻߺվſڣվʱȵæȥǣֶë̡
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֪뼺ѪԵطиԼֳ֮ʱһ硹˳ڶеȻ֮󷽾ԣüͷ
вŶҪȥˮվסŲүˮͳݳȥˡ
Ϊ̽˽رĵϸȴ֪жѸһűȥд̽٣ɵʵʱ
үû˵Сʵ֪
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үһ絽Ѱȥˣϻٺõүԣǲͨգүҽһ١
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һٷ꣬ЪƬֺ̣˱裬ʡûϰ书ʵЩȥԺһͨȭŲ
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ЦܵȥҪǸǰοסҡ
˵꣬أǶֻ˰£˵ȥһ䣬ĶƬ̣ɫһ͵͵ܳȥߣǺõġ
תׯȥ

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⼸ʵеķţҵɣʱвſ֧ɵִͣׯ˸յˬ֮¸͵

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үɫˣǿͷЦүǿˣׯﲻ˶үżء
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ǣһ죬ж̵ûУһѡ
æѥͲͳѶе˹ȥ
ӹץһ㣬˵ɣµ˸Ƭѩ


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ڳᶹбһ̣óվ죬δ³ױȴμģʹʱɬεڶʱ·ȥ޲ɾ䣬תۼ㽫߰ϴɾ봩һ
һԿĿɿڴʱŻعǰӹǴš
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ʱǲȥ鿴ԵүСȥ￴ܸɵĸ˱ջЩǮҲˡ
׿ϣȵҰټ֣ϲ˵Щҳ̣ڴˣ֣Ū©ĸ˽ձ㽫ٴȥκǾϸģⲻǵŽ׽Ҹǹһ±㲻ʱȥҲʹõġǴ帾żſڣҪסׯﲻؼңĪ˵Լĸϸɣ˵ʱֵΣǴأɱڣ
֪͸ǳּСʵ¼Щ³çžֲԶϽ٩٩̸һ֪Ƽϸ֮µĶ׷ϣǾϲת룬Ȳѧ֪Ǿʲôģһжʱӯϧ
˵ǣͷЦһȷȡȥҳҲǲˣֻõ˵ǿϧЩ㣬ȲóҪˡ
ЩϹγգСЩǼβͼҲǼóԵģôһ˵ʱһӣûгӱԲ⵹Ҳδء
ŵ㴮㵱ֻʰҽǳҵա
˦ӻطׯӡ
һ漴Ц棬ȥ

ǰԺ᷿ϣȥмϲʳߣһ㽫ˤڰϣ۾һɨһѲнȥһ԰ŵ̳̳޹ޣνף첲ߣӣһѲ˵ǻ໮ʮֵ
ͷæ۱վſڹۿ
ǻʼӵܣױЩ̫ʦ̫˵ԶҳĪ˵гĶҲǲ֪ͷһǸʲôӣ˹ʶķջĹӾ֪Ǹʲôõģкŵ壬ջ޲ַʮ㣬һ̬֮ܵܵóԽԽϲֹסЦ˫۾
껨㣬ҳɰнεֶ߷ˮŽȥСϡ
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ѲվԷֽƣɵȻȻ죬öϱϸϸ顣
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Լе½˳

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ǵյĸϡ࣬ˮһ˱ǣʿˮһӣ⻨㹻ǳˣһǾȥɡ
뻶һлү
ʢ뻳۵ķȥԺµЩʮǰԺá

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Ƴһۣ֪Ǽõģò裬Ҳδ֪
˵ϾǶԼţһٴ֮͵УٲҲϸǿЩҳһϲϿζ
ۼֱܳ㲻óҲޣοһڣپۣһƤԴ֣С˰ʱ֭սζȻóԣޣڳԸ⣬ȥһ顣
ǴΪˣһٷԵǢǳ
æµһ죬ҲǶˣѵó϶ٺϿĵķ뻳һĵ˳Եøɸɾĩʣµ֭ڷֳ˰룬ס˿ӡ 

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Թ˻ӱȥԡϴţ꽫ֽյˣһ䣬Ƴһ壬ϳ̫ӱʼ֪Ƕţվס˽ţǰ
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һòѵ⣬ʱģвʱļӷȥˡ

ڶգǲ˼ȥǹܼ˵֮زֽ̽Ǵȥҩġ磬̻طͷһ˴Сҩͽһշҩҩ¯һһűջڷơһʱҲׯӣһղý˵ǵطΧֿ֪֮ǰ˾ŲʮأһЦ¸ȥϢԼ紦
ʱҩ®ķںԺδһƱͷһֻ¯յһֻɰ֭ҺڣҲ֪ͷʲôҩģһ֭Ӿźɫǹ졣һԣҩ֭˼ÿֽˣ֭Һϸɴ˵һֻּ˱ζҩķа
Ϊרעڻ۽ҲӶֻһζ¯Ĭʱʱʱһζҩ
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ӻ۰ߡ
ҲΪ裬һЦȥߵһԾۿ

ҩһʱŶ¯ӣҩ֭Ծɳʢȴɫ죬ҩˣ罫ͷһһֽһƿվƶ˽ȥˣһֻƿУ˿ӡ
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ҡͷһ죬ҩȥȡǲҺˡ
һ٣ֵҩþˮģ˵ѽζҲѱǵȱųЩʲôǲ˺ȣʱмˮͬʧЧ

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ҩ꣬ʰʣҩģҪȥ͸˭ֲ֪Űϴر۴קסһ±ڻ̶ڴһȣǳһǣֱ׵Щ͸
ٵգ˼ˣǱɻؾˡ
ſ˫δȥգ뵽˴Ӵ˿ɳأǷݿֱҪؿⶼԡ
Ļϲ಻ȴһݣжȻһɾ⣬͵ƲͷȥҲȥ
ЩʱΪ˳ڻʾһŲܣѷѪûֵ׳֮ɣķ˽֮⡣۱ܵ⼸Ҳϣ˿ȴȻ֮⣬Ǿˮ䳹飬һĨЦ˴ߣ̲
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˵ʱᣬѴЩֺ֮⡣
ĻԹȴµľĽ֮ģң죬һ̣ȴ˵ʲôҲȥģ̧ͷұͲӵܣҲ㰲үϺᣬãڲ࣬Ϊӣлϥ̷֣ȥһԹԾһҹ벻þ׽԰㸸ͣȻݴӣԹƽҿһһľҲ絶޲Ϊƽء̤ȥһܡ
֪Ѱһֱδֱ˼ʷ֪ѵϤ飬ʱ־־壬˼ΪҪ޽ٷǣള˵Σ˳ֵ˫˫ܣǸˮл£ɼ
һˣܴʹɵ
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˵һ䣬һ֣Ŀİ˵꣬˫źµһ̶ˮְоں֮£һƽȻ
ϲŭÿɷһ˫ֱȴԻ˿ȥѰǯһʧһ
һʱԣпռ
˹Ƭ̣һ˵үүˡ
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˼ң˼Է뻳ԸܣɽŲȴһѵһƿţԹ˳ȥ

վԺУۼˮشһԲߣеʱһ¡
滳վãƢԣ֪ζŭּĥĥ߳溬ɫʱµǸ˷λүǵү
ʮΣÿξү̣ЦϸֺһǻŭɢҲֵܵȥֱү޷졣û뵽үΪ񣬱ɲģı¾һĸֽ֪
Ϊֳģһֵܣȭͷкȥѵһ٣ٲ°ԸأΪӲֵһʱ̲סȰүүʵʵĺãթ֮⣬֪үΪ˶˼ľͲ֪˶ٴΣĴ˴䣬˵Ǿ಻ΪѰӣ˵˳ҲˣмģҲˣ²⣬үմϣҲһĪҪͬүա
ɫ΢䣬Ƴһۣ˵ҵĲˡ
ȥ
ǲһӻңӲȥȰֻۣöֵСźĪҪȥùͷһˣȴǷҲȥ
һ罫ԼУڴǰԲ͸ֻԺһĨӰһ̣ʹ˵ļƣ뻳ƽ轣ʱӺݶŴྶͥһ׽ʹֻһףǸֹЪ֮ƣԽ飬Թ˴ӣȥ˯£ȴ˯ţŰˣ˫֧ţԺж
ҹԺֹڼžֻһ죬˽
һͣԾɺװ˯ֻϢңȥֹƬ̣һһӱסԼ
ӱִŲˮ䣬һ֮»һ򣬻۱þˮܣ˿Ѿҹﺮ⽥أˮϴԡȾͷһҪȥ˵䣬ס
ţۿüĿȴ֪ţ㲻ϲǱ㲻ȥһԺ㡣
پ³ֱ͸Ҫۣȴá
˾Ի֪㸸֣ǲصģ㻹һ£֪а취סǻǰһ㣬ֻܰĶүǡ
׹ѣһ˵ĪҪҡ
һЦ⻰˵Ȥұ㣿֪ڱҡ
ЦаǱްǲʣȻз̬֮
ԽԽӽһһͷȥ
ܣ״Ȼ죬ŵ̾ϢУڳ˿УסһĨЦ˯ɡ
ۿ˼һھҪߣ֪˾ٱȻ»粻Ŀ򣬵Ҫ뼺ȥӴһǣպͬʬʲôֱβܴӦͷȶ˼ǲνף뵽ַӦպǶԼ֮ǣǵĮԶͬİ·㷣һҹߡ
ˣһֱ
գ羫ή˼ǿŽҩװһֻƿ뻳ۣҲ˵һ䣬һ̬ҲȥŰκһ¡֮գͬʳҹͬޣ˴˼ȴһ佻̸

ҩȥ󣬼ûжõ󣬻΢˼˽ǣŽǰųǣȴţһ·ׯ
⼸վׯδȥһжѲµǵ֣һ˴ղģ䣬һȫȫβĻ°һһȴ˸ּ㶢ųϿȻһ˽һж£ѹŵһֻľ䣬ͷ¶ŵһ׾Ƥǵİκ塣
ʰҹ
ܵȻڴһ£һ˵װ·ֻһ˿װʢκ壬ƥ˼йڶУҹȥ
һٿٿȥȴҲһ䣬ֻճ緹ʱЩʱԵЩòˣٿһʮһյգŹ˼䡣


ʮ 
 
Ѱһ˼ٰκ壬ȴҲ˵ʹ˸ǣһ·ۣЩݡ
һ˾Ǿҹоڻ£һޣ·еڷѰ˸Ƨ֮ӪЪ˲ʱǰУҹͣ㣬չݣݵؽ֮С
һӵ̫ѶϢѴڱ߽ռһڶһʯأæӭȥ˴ԼһҵЪޡ

ıҵ㽨Ӫ̲ԶԭǹټԶָʹϽ촦ùõĹ𣬺˼С𣬱ָ˵ˮã֮ãȴǲаģ㽫⴦طԼãͼӪˣԯûһУΪҲǱɱ
ݹأƷȣƽĵûһ棬ʱͽ׽¾ϯΪ۽ӷ磬ϯ˵֮ʡ
ȳ滳˾ռߣٲӦһֻ磬˵оƣۣԳԼڲ˱ϯ
ǰʮȱһأҲְƲʺ󴩳һƬԣûеƻҲյԺáҵ˼˼ֵڣһСĽƹӣ˱
ϴԡֻһѩ£һ־ƺ־ƱŴһ£Ժңü۽ǼѴ⣬˫ĿԽʣ˲Ҳơ
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ſھվţһָһûͣЪ˼üͷ΢ߵǰ߻оƺ
ƶѧһҽĲ
𱸣ȴϸֻ粻á
Щ̬һ˫۾һˣ
ղͬ˵˼Ӱȴ˪ʱһſڱһ硹ؿڵʱӿϹֹס΢ЦţǾϯû˼Щ㡣
һͷʪæϡ
ϴôڴڴ磬ϸ
ͷԻ˻ŵǺš
˶٣ƱҲúȵúܡ
սߣ뱭оƵС
մ˾Һƻʪɫۣ΢΢ţ˵ˣۺһͣϡ
ڴ£һ㣬ǵø
һھδ£һͷŪ˱ݽУҺһ˻˳ֱǡ
־壬λᱡ˺һްֲã˾Ʊһ˫ֹס˻۲͸Ǽݳߡ
һ˫һչûվ˵ײײߵߣһڴϡ

һһоƺ֮ӣֹƽŤŤţƻ˫Ȳڻʣͼ侹ӭϣǵû淢¸ǣ۰
˵𽵹ﵽʱɢӵߡ
ϯ䱾˾ƣ΢⣬ּ滳纱Ͷͱһ۳ҲЩԶΪºƣʱ˯ȥ

ʱһҵһƬž򼴽ȼƻʱҡҷ£ճٿȻһ˫۾˿⡣
۵һ£Ϩˣٿػ谵ֻдֽ͸ļ¹ճһ˫Ӱ
羲ؿݣб治üĿһȦḧϣģϤ
硭硭
͵ͻأԲѣϢƳỺ뻳Уǳ˯
Ĳ£ͷδƽվѣƶҩЧŲ۴֣
˯ڴ࣬ʱԽµϣС´Ьһ˿춯Ҳޡ
վǰһۣ漴תһ϶һȥ
֮ͬʱǰֻԺǰأԻߵԺҲ˷
Ժֵļ֦ҶïһߣһǣǡԺǽ֮ԣֱ֦۴ϸ֦쵽ǽ⡣
ʱ۲ΣԺӲǽƬյأ߲ԶƬݴ֣ȥҳѲˣߵľ·
ʧʹṦǽͷô׳ֽ飬½°ڱ䣬ϣʵ֦ǽͷ䵽Ժ⡣
˳óһմأӿϵľǲ֮У˶ű򣬰νż
УṦ⼸±ȴҲ֣ۿ쵽ƬӸǰһ˵ôˣĲú˯
ỺȻȴûһЩһԵڵء
һʱһ˫ֱбסӣסվֱ
¹£˵֮ۻӢͦǻĸ
ֱֱһһʱ
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˿ŭ⡣
罥ֹ˲ô֪Ҫߣ
ǲɱ˿ư
˫΢УһĨת˲š
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˫һԲ
뽭Ȼձϴһ˽ϣҲѲܣһοɵ֮ҹȻڽҹ֣ȻһűҸ磬ұǻϲһ룬һˣǳҵĶȥǺϸװңҩھ˺ȵģһʲôס֪ߵ˼Ȼܲ⼸ͬһǰһˮȻҩȻãֻѵü飬˼ƶʹ˳Ϊľȴ˵ñһ֡
˵𻳷緽Ŵʼ飬Ц
ȴɫ뵽һԼ̬οʱһࡣ
ʱƮƲʣס߰ղ飬סֻǱ}ˣ۳һЦݡ
ˣ
Ƭ̣ʼղӦοЦĻҪӣңҲ㵹㡣
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˵һ˫
΢΢һЦ˫ָЩס㲻˵һ£ɺã
һ٣ǰݣҷҩԱΨ⵱г©һֱȴǵؽ磬ݷκʧ׷Ҳǲ£ŷĸҩǲԣ
ڻֹǴȵ÷ֺһָԣһ˼øɸɾֱ˵ôڵá
һ˼Ҫߣұֱղż㶯֣־ϲý
˵գִ𻳷˫͵ߣӡһǡ


ʮ 
 
 

ԭһӪʿǰҵ⣬¹ػܣ۲˿κ壬һ⣬ֻ¶ʮʿرҵš
˼ܣЩ˲ֽԼַǰֵأ˼ʱвͬԪһҪȥֵǰֻԱһСǰʲôˣվס
ҹ˾֮ʱǰšһ飬ʱסСָķ򣬹һ˫ӰʩʩȻ߽ſڽԶʱҫӳݡ
үү
вԪʧɫۿˣһʱЩزŵȴˡ
Щʿ˲סţһߵǰѾǹšһֿ廳ۡݣǹ㶼׷׷һ¶֮ɫʵ벻λͺʱȥ˿ʱֲŻ
үǼʱţʧְδ񡣡
šɺ֮ɫ۵һЦҼҹɫõúܣʴ˳ȥɢɢˣӺԺȥǡ
Щʿ㶼¶Ȼ֮ɫҲȥԺûš
вԪȴ꣬δйˣЩ֣ĿתƳĻɫӲһֻ߬סʱ֪ȻλүЩϵ˭ҲҶʣÿſڣʱ磬үүЩЪɡ
۵ͷЦ󣬡һ·Ҳˣȥ˯ɣʲôʱɢ㡣
ٲڡ
˭֪ſһȥһ֣ȻգҲһۣ˦󲽾Ժȥˡ
ⷬͻȻǰʹӣʵǺúܣֱвšԪŵһҲҴ͵ﻳۣȴԼӻ첻⣬ϾЦЦȥ

ݾڵĴ꽭ӳһˮϲʱдֻһҴ֮ϣڴͷĿ̿ϴˮȴһ˿ϲ泩ֻϽˮȻ
һ磬۱̣С꽭ҴêΣ򾩳ʻȥ
⴬ﱸ£һ·ͻۻؾѡҼǾĴ󴬣жʮɳһɶߣɣΦһ緫ҹкֹʵȵֱֻǵ½޷磬˴˳֮£ʱҲгʮȥһ±ɵִƽˡ
վǵգκϴιһˮѹһۿڲ֪࣬ȥɫʱҰַ֮УԲۿԾԶʱһҲ޶֮ˣ֪ТȫȻ֪֮ɱ֮ĸ֮أ㲻ϧԼӣκκ֪ɲ֪жˡ
κɣھǣκʣôһᣬ֪þ̫֮Уа̾һǣЦл㣡
ӣһȷС
ۼϳԷ֪Ѿ־һ·г̱ɷ࣬΢Цһƣа㣬һ·ν˵Щʲô
ڲæڹһʱ˲û磬ֵֻܸߣڼװϿŽˮ˱һվΣ粽롣
ʱѹ磬ò֮⣬Σǣ΢֣ȥ˵һŽգ֪κͷ̸Ҳҽȥ߶ţ룬ֻýгӽ¯ϣʱűǡ
ⴺ꽭ˮƽʵ°Ųӿˮ˼ҲϺ࣬ϳ̴вۣһӼŴ棬խСɣһʻԶ֮Ѹݵö࣬ЩһһϺһԼҳãµıͽ۸⽭ŵĴ󴬣һǮãǸõӪ
ַϣһҶԶ˶̼ѵ˴󴬸ǰһͷңһ˦βĽɫ𣬳廳µλ๫ҪʴֻҪʮǮ
£¶ʮһס
ͨ޳֮ȴͷ͵һЩʧУѾô䲻һ˲㼴㣬Ǻӵɣ㡣
ʱյһ£̲ס¶Ц⡣
Ǻǻͬǰ̳ʱͷϼԩˣʱһ֮࣬Ʋʶûһ㣬øӲ˵ϴͷ
Ȼóԣɻ⽭ĺ㣬ǶŽϧộϲ̵õ๫볢ҽͼ
һͷãǴٲǮ
һӣвŽʮǮ˶洬ϡ
ǺӵǮһϣ
һһΣСۼһȥˡ
ãָгǴ
θһҲɿвŵߵߵȥﰵллأϳԷˡ
⴬г٣ôѰ

κ̸գʱԴǳСʱһԲ޺ƻˮ֮ʽδһĨϼĪϦϼ⽻֯һһأӳͷһ˲ӰƾԶƳǰһзǣʴ˳üĿһͣ΢̣еϲá
ۿһĻһʱ߽ǰȥԼһ㻵Ƿݾ׻ϲֻվڲǰճŻΡ
Ǵĺӣֶ֪Ȼ׷鵽Լ٣ǰԼѣһݼԲԣЩʱյ֮һɨգͷһۼҪˮУֹס¶
үүˡ
һһˣԻϲ֮ʣôһɤӣʱһƬ
类еûһԶЦĿůֻͣԼϲޣĪһʹ뵽ԼҪ𣬲⺦һΣǸȻ׺üԣ
۱⿴һȲҵȲ΢֣߽˵ˣȥ÷ɡ
ᣬ״ҡ
ͷһҪӦִԩӵĽӦһʱԥֻǲţԽԾϣĥƬ̣ͷһ۲ѪһᣬαΪһͷȴ
һ΢Ц˵ǣǷЩЩԶһ⽭ɽ续ȴǵòʧ
ǲͬ粢һ⽭һɫ˵ǧǨ͡
˼ʽ󽭷磬йˮһ࣬Ϸ紦סϮ翴УĿһ󷢽ƵüҪڴϵֲָ֪ڴ΢΢ס
硭
૳ת˲ɢڷУԼҲ˵÷ƫǽһһӡϣᣬȴ쳣һϲʵô
粻ҿ۾Ŀڽ֮ϣ͵͵ǰ֪أҴˣֵóǷǶԴһЩҪ㲻ãѹģ㡭ɻǺң
ʳһ仰۲лҡͷҲǺޣʲô˼һġۼɣܹҶԲһЩĪ˵ʲôѹҪȡҲֻи֮µġ
ԽԽܣ뵽ֱڼ罭ȻӿϣҪ͹ȥ⣬ðΣѹĿֻϦһ㣬ڵһЩ


ʮ

κš @   ԭ @
ͷһ뽭ˮ֮УɫȻֻһĨߣأҲʧĺɫĺϣԼɼǹ˸
ҹĻУͷ˵ڷһƮһһһһ
¿ʲôҲˣȥ÷ɡ
κš @   ԭ @
һһۺὭ棬ֿһۻۣһԥɿ˷Ŵϵֻ֡תɲǣһյƻ𣬻һƳʱס˽Ų
ǻʱ봬ʮɣգۼ࣬ѽߣ˸ǰſǻⲻһѣճһֻӣһĺӣһ磬һֲ£ͷһֻңͷֻ¶ס
һɨȥͷ޹ģ⴬ͷļյƻڷ𲻶飬֮ͣû
๫ҪĺҴˣҿв⡣
˵ţǺӽϵݹ
粻«ʲôҩȻͶȥӣá
ۼ䲻ðˣԽ䱸ʱԴʶ΢񣬵ǷĲ££ⶫúܣǡ
һ˵һȥ㡣κš @   ԭ @
ʱǹĲͻȻΣǲȣǲͷĺ㱾ˣôһǻ˹Ȼžһѿһϸţë룬廳ֱκš @   ԭ @
һ±ʶֽߣۼҪУǧһ֮ʣӲʹ˸ţֱ˹ȥնͼȫĲձ֮Сκš @   ԭ @
㿪κš @   ԭ @
һͻȻϮʱ뵽ǹɱԼ֮ʣͷһıǻ簲Σһ̱ȥ׽ֱۣҪԼܣһ֮ȴ׽˸գֻվһԲ㣬ֻ㶿ţǱŵôˡ
´󼱣һһһаڣýлǻɢΣʱ̣ȴԱ֮ҲûС
⴬󣬱ϾƽһԾǰҪȥһ춯󣬲һ˳ӿͷ֮Уͷҵһͳȴÿ˶С
Щ仰˭˵磬ȴȻһݣץ򻳷ֱۡ
Ѹ磬ʵǿ쵽۷壬κλԡģ־ֵ㲦ȴ죬һһѶһץһַסϣһţԾ´ͷ
κš @   ԭ @
νˮǴ꽭ΪļһΣ°ķ˸ڽϷˮοʱҹ䣬һˮΪףʮа˾ű㸹㿪һ۱ŭӣʱһԾ£ȴֽű־
磡κš @   ԭ @
ʹУһݵϱ߱Ҫ֮Ծ£ȴ䳶һޣһ˦߰סʣһڻ罫Ҫˮ֮һѳ
һ˲ǵһӵϣԺקסۣȵı§§ҺȰ
үСģȥɲˡ
үϢŭǧһʱ嶯
үĪգǽд׷žǡ
κš @   ԭ @
УһҲƫǵƴѲãֻۡκš @   ԭ @
ʱժͷ϶ң¶Ӣǳ廳ۺݺݵɹǳһĨЦߡκš @   ԭ @
תס磬һ˳ŸݣС˳£̼ȥԶˡ
κš @   ԭ @
С۴㣬һƬέҶˮƮ٣ǴȴˮأԶ鶯Ѹ׷һȴֻԽԽԶаʮɣأϵһҲϨˣǰϵʱһƬ˾ʹʧ١
ڴͷʼʧķһֹס³س˹ȵס
ǵŭ֮ף㶼Χ룬ʮһǰȰֻƬ䡣κš @   ԭ @
κš @   ԭ @
׷һʱӵΪɣһͨĿˮһǲ֪ͨδ֧㿪ԽԽ«έСӲ
е˻ƶķŷ׷ۣʱСټҲ֪׷ηսսܵͷʡκš @   ԭ @
ǵ˿һߺӵԼõ۶«έУŵ֮ףɸٰʮȥҲδҵţСӲԽȥˮԽǳһҴʻȥԶҪǳǸٺòȻϡ
һ룬һ濴ۡ
ι򣬻۸ֶһ뵽緽һʱľӵܣһı絶һ㣬ʱˮΣɫɸһ֡
 뵽£ȻҲ뵽ǴֻһˣʱҪ׷Ӳ֮У֮ҲҪ׽⴬ϻŸκ壬¹ ش󣬻ؾ֮һҲ鲻ãݵΪнսʱѹסŭ³һ䣬ؾ
һ˫ֱճȭָ׼Ҫȴ˿Ҳۡ
κš @   ԭ @
СŻڽƮԶʱ٣˦˴󴬣ʻ߰ʮˮ·սһƬέ֮УС˰˾ʹ۵½
ǰǣżƥȺ򣬿װõӣæǣǰһݵĵһλ
·¼˾㶼ں棬һ۶ȥ
һǴҹ򣬵˳ǳֶȰ֮ʱԶԶǰһСֳյʱ֣ƥӣͷһջǰ
 ջӿʵЩͷҶϵᶼ÷괵˴룬ҵ濴ɾî֮ʣϻĵģջȴѿ⣬ һСɨأһֺƹڹ̨Ūӣվ˻һУСߺȵûĶûп𣬻ȥкκš @   ԭ @
СһɨüЦҲƿޣߵ˸ǰǴ·ĵӵ͵͵ʦκš @   ԭ @
һ߹հƽ˿ջͷһƫԺȥһأõڴ˰ЪԸֻ֧ӦСȥ졣
ʱƹҲ밲ֽСææǣһ˰׵
κš @   ԭ @
Ӵһ̣һıʼɤ۶һ·սľΨֱ۰;׷ϣԼҵؽ緽ʼԶ˷Ƶؽһ磡
µĻ㶼κš @   ԭ @
ס˫磬ϸϸһ飬Ȼ˸µŷŻضһ§ڻˡ
һʱûûҹѰټЩ裬ʱҵˣ˶յĽŵһй֪§䱦ʧãֻ޲ղزŵðġ
羲ֱһƬֱ̣ۣ磬ôҵҵģκš @   ԭ @
һ·ֻ˱ӣδü˵Եɣʱԣɿ˻絽¡κš @   ԭ @
 ھͻȻ䲻Ӱ٣纣ڳ죬ʵҲ㣬ż̳ȥ弱òУæҵѰͷϲ ڳµıǣмѭ١ֻǼǺŶ϶׷ʵףⵢӣղŲ鵽١κš @   ԭ @
 ˵ͻɫһЦλֶΣھݳթⳣ纣Ҳƭ˹ȥֻʲôʿȥû뵽 ʧͬйأҿӪõӵߣ˷֪㾹ȥֻҵ֪֮ʱһǴê֮ǰ ѽµ;ɢ˳ȥ㣬׷ʱֻʣĸˣҲټֻ֣ñУôһ
˲ʱתΪ֮飬ôŵûУ


ʮ

κš @   ԭ @
缷һĨЦҡһҡͷдΪҲˡ
ʣأЩӿɺãɼûУ
̾㲻ЩӣԲ˯ãǰͷ׷䣬ű̳ڲԶҷѽƹĴŹȥ˵ƽǳԶٷЪһȥͬϡκš @   ԭ @
һ۸׵ǣʱѣ໰ҪĲɣֻˣż˵Ҳһ㰴ʣ컹ûд㲻˯һ˾ǲźȥ壬Īһƣ̬֮ûĽۡ
籾뼴ȥףôһ˵Ҳø׼ԼһǱֻ̬֮ӣͬһЩ緹ЪϢ
κš @   ԭ @
ջԩþӪģ絽Լҵͷ֪۱׷ҲѰţһ·ԭ䵽ɲ֪ģȴһزҹԼʱһĻһŭʹĵı飬ĵ׾һʹʲôԲס۵һ㡣
 һԼΪʵӦӦ֣һ־۴ԼأѹʵǲãһǶ˼룬˯ţֻ ڴϷȥСʱʹˣͶ޵Ŀ˷׷·˵¿˻СԺ˺һƬ߰ һһǻ˼Ҳ䣬˯ˡ
˯һһţһߣһֻۣͷƫʱǰĹ⾰һæ´Ьƿȥ
κš @   ԭ @
Ҳңˣȵż
סݱڸڣűһ̤һˣӺݶһɣǸĸʱϲеôˣ
˲˶ӴȰһЦô𣿡
˵գϵţ͸˹ʱ㻹˯ţû㡣
꣬ȥСԻȲ𴲣ùˣҲöˣʲôгȥ
˸֣ϲ֣ˣҲˡ
СӦȥˡκš @   ԭ @
ûˣŵТ¡
δ˵꣬΢̧ضͷʲôҲһʱ˷˵
ڰӱһŭѼиɾȻҪһö˶ڸǰţһëҲ٣ŭѹֻ֮Ҫ˯óԺã˵һսлʳʣ˵Ҳ˵ˡ
һʱ˶һ𣬻ùˣҲͲٿǫãӾͳԡ
СĺùأǶˣҲ˹˹ĵģԵ˷ֱס˿ꡣκš @   ԭ @
ˣκš @   ԭ @
šκš @   ԭ @
ҵͷǾ˵˵ô£书ôסѲأ
֪ض㲻ʣ׼˵ǣ½뻳żط꣬թڲƭԼαι˻ɢһ·ѺŻؾһһ˵ˣڿ˵ʵ棬
˵ֲֻᣬʵʵŷһּ٣Ҳ˵޷졣
꣬ɫɢµÿֻһţ±Ǯ
һ˼㻹ţ֪թһ£һƣ㣬ǧѺؾ
Σһ˵װʲôģ
ͷһսȭͷҪһȥĶү
Īһ˵ᣬᵽҪΪԼŵգգ۾
Ҫȥүκš @   ԭ @
ӲͷƤ˵ͷκš @   ԭ @
벻󾹻ɣһ˼
üͷһأʵ֪㲢ͬĸֵܣĻҪȥⱳĪʲôãκš @   ԭ @
һ룬ɫһĪ֪ԩйأı㣿
ᡣκš @   ԭ @
һݣѿڶһžڼμȴҲ˲࣬һ·׷⼸ȥֻ˵ž˹ѧЩҽδ˵ģ֪ͬԩйأӲᱳıʲôκš @   ԭ @
ҧҧһ֪Ҳ׵ܵܣȴҪһȥӦ뿴ڽƯ
һӣӺǶĶӾĳ㣿
ﲻšκš @   ԭ @
簵ⲻڴϾ壬ʵþʹ˴סĬԴǼڻĶɱɴ۲ƽ̣ǵģһֱõúܡ
ҲмõúܻιԻɢ
һϣ˶٣ֵᣬҲϸؾų²ߡ
£üһǣţҲգҲգҲȴǧȷҵĶǽģȸ۵ԩͷٲҪκš @   ԭ @
Դʱ˵һκš @   ԭ @
ЩʱռʶԩɱֶΣʵǷʤۻؾ֮·ǧ֮ңйڲ࣬һԩֵܹ󼱣ͨһ¹򵹣߬ס°ڣǧĪҪɱ
 ֮ɫ䣬һ̼Ѫɫ˫ֶ΢΢ͬ䲻ֵܣ⼸ȴһֱ׵ܵܿҳҲѷʹ 磬й֮޲Ǻ֪ҲӵܣҵҲ˿δһؾֻչһһʵ޶⡣ ƺǶһĶԹ޸ɣɡ
ֹͻʱ̬ʧҺһ
ұͶӺĻԹޣ羹άӣŭϼŭ㲻ϴӦֻȥ˵κš @   ԭ @
ϻ¿һǲһ˫һŸףĿǰ󣬡Ӧұ㲻κš @   ԭ @
ദ࣬Ѷ֪Щױԣ˫΢ϲŭ֪׶ɱģ˵ʲôҲӲκš @   ԭ @
 Фȴĸʱ촽ţѱĽǰӣұŭ飬ޣµʱ һҪʹ˰֣ȴҲʣΣ羲زҲֻ֣һزԼĿǧվݲöѹ 㲻ûƭң
󻺣ʱһϲæͷ絷⣬ģЩҲһǰаֵ꣬ʴ硣
˵תκš @   ԭ @
 Ϊ۱װΣһһάмӣԼ֮УԽԽζĵһɶʺޣ常Ҫɱˣ⣬ȴ бһᣬһɬһ˫Ŀ֮£ĽлʧֻõЩûģ ͵ϮӺСӣǴ̿ͣȽлȷͦǻġκš @   ԭ @
˵𻳷ǰԼϵĿ⣬伵޲һ㣬˵Ĺ죬һʱ˵һ䣬Ļ㿨
ֻ˵һ룬ڻ㹻æȥס
Ҽ⸱ӣ֪ӺĶӶȻڰзǳӲҪɱˣҪģǻŭֻѹˣϣΡ
漴һߣһأǹȣҲӺˡ


ڰʮ
 
ֻһ·ƽƽԺٲʲôһأϲϲӦˡκš @   ԭ @
֪εǷǳԼԣΥķ˻һΣڵҲͷڸϣһ˫ֱסʡ
Т۵ģԺҲˡ
СԵı̥ģإ¯࣬˲֪ȥС֣ʱĳһţḧŻͷ̾һֻҪƽƽģʲô㡣κš @   ԭ @
ʹüĿչﻹͬ
Ծȫ۵һ˽ĺǲТ֮лϥ£ľһТϻο֮࣬Ӻ߰һҲ㲻ôƽϣֶžһϣطЪԤ̻ط̳
κš @   ԭ @
һҹδԡʱԾܣСһϴˮУԡһϴɾ죬š
ֵ˯𣿡κš @   ԭ @
κš @   ԭ @
û£κš @   ԭ @
ȼֻ˼۱Ҵҹȥš
һţһͷʪϴ˲ˮĺΣһ㶲ŵҲûʲôţ˷ҹ
ſһ붹ԶһЦӹϴ裬Щˣл硣κš @   ԭ @
Ƕϸ۽ѩ˼ͣ˱ǣųڵЩ̿ڣõҨˣССڵԡ
ˣͷŪ˲ǣôʪܵɢϸ˷硣
緢ϻˮҲʪһ飬䣬ȥԡͰ˿ɲáκš @   ԭ @
ţԼκš @   ԭ @
Ҫվ𣬱ס˼ͷЦĶɣһͺá
˵ţͷڲ
ͷֺбһϺ˿УֹסЩ񣬰һͷŮϣɷһᣬǸǺεȹ뷿֣֮ͷȴӣƫԼܵܣԵ컯Ūˣͽ̾κΡ
 һһЩеûģĿƼƳһκ󾱣ѩ׾һĨӡڲǻͷԶʱ΢΢Ҳ׿ͭ ǮСһ飬Ĵ㰼ݣöӡ˾ӣδȢںȴҲͯ檣ڴ֮»ʲôףһ ۣʱ˵һȻһ
米ȫȻ֪˺£ֻͷƤٿһݺקһ£һͷȥ磿κš @   ԭ @
ɲ֮䣬תͷ𾪼ʷߺ޲ʹļ֮һţһȴͳͳѹĵףǿһĨ΢ЦҼȻƣû׼Ūˣκš @   ԭ @
ֺ˼£ſͷˡ
ܴźһ⡣κš @   ԭ @
粻һЦκš @   ԭ @
ǿ򶨣˲£㲻⼸գ֪ҿжֻ֣֪֮Ҫܶٿ
ɫһ࣬ףǸȻ̫⣬˰㣬۴ôġκš @   ԭ @
ѪףΪ㵣ԭӦõģֵԵˡ
 ЦŽضװĵӺǻףȴҲ£ðˣƽղĹ£Ҳмֶţ˵ Ǽһˣֵһ֪˾봫˵вһǸģҲ֪ĸȷЩ
ۣʱһ飬˶ٲŵǴԣвʵ֮ƽȷǲЦȥǲ룬ʵ򲢲̱ԦϣȴǶʩԼҲǿ͡κš @   ԭ @
ֵ˵ȻǼõģҵ֪㱻ߣֻǸر֮Ҫʲôֶĥ㣬ŵû亹
һ㶣Цˣ㿴ⲻǺúõ𣬺ʲôĥˡ
 Цһֵܻ̫Щĥ˵ķֻƤ֮ⲻ֪Ϻ˵ķӶǣһĻģ ܸɳЩʲôأұֵȴһζϧֵ̲꣬˵ҲͰˣҪٰڣɽηĵ¡κš @   ԭ @
 ֮һϱȴ˼磬лɫɷףֻ뻳۵һ˽֪ȥתһ룬 ˣڸǰһƱ磬㲻ƣҲްԼ˵ĵһ·Լ¼СģǵȽҲ£д ֪ⷬĪթԼİɣ
һ룬ı㶨ˣЦ˵ﻰ͵֮ˣʲôѵܲ˵ǰҳͷֻعһ·ϲûʲô֮Ӻ۱Ͼֵһǰ㺦ңʵǵĵ̫ˡ
һѻ˵Ͼ﷢飬˲ȥһ˫ֻ붹ԣһֻȥֱʣµǰ붹һĩ
ûһҧۣһλҲ㽫Ū˹ȥλǧСϸƫƫǰһʱûۿеһںۼ¶ڶȥ˵һãһһοаӺġ
 Ц΢΢һƽͣȴŭ죬Щһҧ飬һ뵽Ρ˻磬ֻ޲ʱɱȥͱӺۼ͸һ뵽 ΪάǶֵ飬һ뵽ԼͬǻֳֻѪ֮ףǼٵһ׳Ż ֣֮ʱ
ˣЪŰɡκš @   ԭ @
ٰסһǻŭȻȥ
 ʱЦģʱɫ䣬۵ȴ˲㱩֮ǻδԾҴɵһƬ̣ȥţһֻ һֻԲϾ˼ƣһһһŵӵʱķѳһƬԭŭⲪ֪̣ ȥ
ʣֻԽŵӿһ⣬ֱ͸
κš @   ԭ @
 գֶ˲߰˸û̻ط̳һ·ϣͬ˵ʱһһֵܣɫȴǵģѹʲôԽԽ ʱ¶ʲôֿȥȴ˼⣬Ҫ޴֣Ŀųеһ һǣͬ˵Ҳδ塣
ͬ˵ǻɢüͷ겻ᣬֻһסһֻģⰲοǻɢĽҩһţ˼ұ㣬һԭ֮£Ҳصǡκš @   ԭ @
Ʊôһշѹ常˵ʲôֻججһƬ̲ź֪Ӧ⻯ɢʲôҲ𣿡
 ΢΢һ̾ϰ֮µıϰڹʱ߻ħĹһ˵֮ǣмڴˣǰзƳ һζҩɢΣΪıµϰڹʱñһ⻯ɢƲףҩִϡ֮ʴ˼ÿӽ һǰʦʱҲʦ¹һݣ󲮲أұ㽫⻯ɢ󲮳ˣֻǷ̫Щ澭ѱ٣û ɣվҲûܳŵùȥκš @   ԭ @
˼£ĿȻ˶٣ЦҩڵģĪġ


ڰʮһ

κš @   ԭ @
һһס֣ܻ֮࣬ȥһͿ˴˶򣬱ҵƵЩѹ֮ҩɲǿϰٱ
 һ뵽ˣ˷Ī΢Цɺһ˼⣬Ȱ¸С֮ݣûһ಻ϧ ˵ǲʹͬʲôͬһۣպЩٵķһĪ˵ʮ֮ٿڣǶʮ ꡢʮҲδɡ
 һ˫пҰٰ㲻ʧ֪ȥЦһô᲻ãǻɢÿֻһ ݣ޶࣬ҵʦģʦٻʦٲ̤һԳȵӣȥҪǿɲΥ ҵ𡣡
缱Ҵǰȥ
Цҡһҡͷκš @   ԭ @
һǣǷģǻҲʳԣһʱ鼱˵ײʣ֪ⷨӶвͨһȻʦӾ˹ѧһҽ㲻Լһɢ𣬺ȥȣеʧӡ
һͨɥȥʱ񣬶ҵ⣬Ǳ㲻ȥұ㲻ţ⻯ɢѵֻһóҵҪһԣܲó˵һʹ
ҸƴЦããҵĺöӣ¿ԼҲҲգɵκš @   ԭ @
κš @   ԭ @
һ˻ص̳֮ʱһձһׯķҶǳǳһƬԶԶȥݱ治˪Ҷɽׯ
һḧԺֵȭͷСӣһϲ죬мǰ֦ϵлڴϣձ͸ˣƤҧһܣ㡣κš @   ԭ @
סԺһƬֻżŵ̿Ƶž죬ҩ֭ӹˣʱһҩ㡣κš @   ԭ @
ϣǰһҩģԱһֽдȥȫҩд͵ģīδȫɣҲмǰƹģû˱һŶһԡ
⻯ɢҲһձܳµģǣѵһԼһ²ɣʳӿôܵסԼʲôö忴˿жۡκš @   ԭ @
ȫעӳҩģ˵һʧ֣Сҩӻ˼Ρ
硣κš @   ԭ @
һ̧ͷ̷˽վһԼ̾һ㶣æжôǴͷ½ѾͷȥҲˡ
źѾͷ˵㲻ϳԷҲҽҩ£򡣡
˷ŵϣЦĪҪٹĵЩҩˣҲʲôʱȳ˷κš @   ԭ @
 Կջһֱܿ뻳һ·ϣҲδʲô̸ص̳һõսȥׯ ʮԶòһһ㽫Լڷ㲻ѡҩģ߰δ棬һ䲻㷣䵽ߣ Цݿ䣬һǰԽûף֪˵Щʲôźáκš @   ԭ @
Ⱦִ̬֮Ӷں꣬˻£۸ûһԷѵýտУҷЩҩǺһ͡
˵֣ȥҩ¯ˣתơ
һʲôһֱ벻ףȴֱܶ˼ȴֲ֪οڣֻöĬĬǷ˫Ŀ΢Ҳҿһۡ
˵ȿ˿ڣ˵㽫ҩһֱûԣʲôףãֻǷŵͷЩĪʧЧã
˵棬һƹԶ׼
ҩúõģûʲôףֻҩǽǻɢģҩĲϱ뻯ɢõҩˣŪҩʲôģŷûԡҩ䷽Ҷĥˣһ
ֲԼ˵ӣͷһůҲЦ⣬һơκš @   ԭ @
ҩãһŽ˺Σָˣκš @   ԭ @
˵ҩЧһ࣬ҷ²ʱѾϢת磬ҩȷúܡ
üͷһ壬ҩЧѸ٣ѵõºͲԵºֻůģҩͷһζĲݣĲרѪڵǻɢѪζҩֻѪڴòСκš @   ԭ @
⻯ɢƲƵóɹغãǹģԷʱĥݣ龫ӣȰ˵ҩԽƳԽãɵ׼ҲĪҪԼȵ̫ˡκš @   ԭ @
һЦģʡá
 ˵һЩʱյĸұ˼֣һͺ԰˷˶˲һʱûȥ⣬ҲһƬ ̣أԶ̲סСʵջһͻȻˣֵʲô˵ĲԣǴ粻죿κš @   ԭ @
ûøӲ˲ҶһڣֳΣŻ磬䲻ֵܣҲû٣һֵֻܺãıģȻҲֵܳϴ磬ֵ֪ܿףκš @   ԭ @
һݣɫֵ׵ġ
ЦŵͷˣǴм仰Ҫֵܣֵʵ˵
һӿһ亹յҲ˲סˣŵϣǿЦʡ
۾ϸϸ˿磬Ӻ۵ֵֻ꣬ĻǴؾֻΪ㣬Ǵ˱˼ͷ㰭棬˵ҺͶ֪κš @   ԭ @
Щʴаֻ࣬ڹ;в̲ʱصգǲŪײܸݣʴƴűԹ֣ҲҪʸ
κš @   ԭ @
˵ֵᣬȴֱ綥ţһɲǼ佩ľܡ
 Ѫɫˣ촽һƬҰף˵һۣڲȵû̫Ըο粢޹˼Ī£Ҳ ã㲻ϽȻʲôֻ֮ǶΨһ磬Ҳֻһֵܣ㵫ʲôίƴҪҲҪΪֻع £ҲףĪΪ㵣Ĳǡ
ͣһֱͣԣ㲱öӡǲӺҧģ㡭ʲôôôװκš @   ԭ @
籾֪˲ʱڻԭǻϵºۼֿȥٲһ˽Ȼңһ˲׹ߣû
 һԲһ̬㲻˵ʲôһǰ²ȫ棬һŭֱ嶥ţɫڵվ ޲Ķǽʬ಻Ϊô˺Ϳڶǰ̻㽫ֳٰά㵱ֵ𣿡κš @   ԭ @
Խ˵Խŭʹּ֮ʻգӺž֮Ӻ۸¹ڰ࣬ү֮Ʊ׳ΪΪ
δ䣬ߡκš @   ԭ @
ȥߵſʱͻѹ˲Ϣ֮׷ǰȥһ½Ӻǰסȥ·
ҪȥĶκš @   ԭ @
һ԰ֽһ˫ȴֳɣѩȻһӨ͸ȴһĴ


ڰʮ
 
κš @   ԭ @
Ŀһ壬ͣסŲ
Ҫȥɱκš @   ԭ @
һߣҧЦҪɱҪ״⡭
Сκš @   ԭ @
һȣضѴӦһǵģǱӦңܳκš @   ԭ @
ŭЦ㵱˵ãһ棬֪÷ǹһһҹ㿴ǲġ
һץס󣬡ҲãǱȥǰ˵ף˼һϣλҲ޻˵κš @   ԭ @
֮³סߡ
 ϰ֮ˣ־ʢŭ֮£ܽקϻ̿ѼĿһƬңȴֻһǱ˵ʲôҲܽи֪ £ҪȥףȻȻѣһɴžһ죬漴һƺߡ
硣κš @   ԭ @
һãæɿȥֻһȦָӡ뼡ֻţҲܶˡκš @   ԭ @
ڻʱܵܣ֮ʱǸΰûڣסֱ۲鿴ơκš @   ԭ @
û£˾ʣϱá
۵亹ֱðһʹϧƱԼҪܣ
磬ֻңҽӣл˵𣿡
ˣ͵ŭҲ̵ֻһߣ£סӣ׼λýؽڽϡ
ȵϰ֮ǳϰСһĹ䲻ǴؽҪȴ֪ģӱѰлЩһԣһֻ㸴ԭַ׼ɣҲⲻһʹֻ۵ɫְһ֡
л硣κš @   ԭ @
˶ѾްлһܣսȭͷվţȻƬ̣һĨЦ㣬˵ʲôллء
Ϊκš @   ԭ @
ƽû˷ŵĽţקסһֻ䣬лһƬذ֮ġκš @   ԭ @
ͣһͣ͵͵һһΪ룬ίס
ã˫ȭɿ̾˿֪á
ɫѲκš @   ԭ @
磬ֻ֪ǧĪҪ˵֪ĿϢȣȫҩѹƣ⻰ŭģа
 ֪ȥֻʱ֮ŭ˵ñһѪʱŭδ뵽һ㣬һʱҲֵ ǰԹΣΪ˺常ŭֵһҲͲִΪֻҪʹɽҹһ׮ȥӺģ ȴҲʣ˼ΣãҲ߶壬Ӻĵҡ㣬Ǿĵġκš @   ԭ @
ɶһ˿ϣ˲ָ𣬲ɼףûңһֱҶܺáκš @   ԭ @
Ц㵱ɵ𣬴ãõ治ɣ
鼱֮ѿڶĸԸ
⻰һһƬһ˫۾ס磬ǲԼ䣬һãˢʣ㡭˵ʲô
 ¼ˣﻢ£Ȼ˵࣬ȻƣԩĴ̿Ͱɱһʣֻҧصµò Һ֮͡ȷֵֻ֮壬ǡƽʱм֮ףֻǲңԼԼҲǡԸġκš @   ԭ @
 ȻԵȳлڻǹػȴ˵ʲôҲĿģʣֵƹΪһһȴΪЩʱﳯ ϦԣǷݾԼѿ̲еȴҲ޿вĥʱĻϲ֣䲻Ըһȴоϣ ڼ಻ӻڸֵ֮ģʴἸ仰˵ö϶յʱ֣ȴ˿ûڲʣֻһί߲Ȼ 𾪲Ŀ⣬Ҫ̧ͷ
µ֮˽һ֤ʵԾؿһʹٿ԰׵͸һ߲ɶκ죬ҿԼһֱ³ﻹ˿ɣΪ档κš @   ԭ @
ԭκš @   ԭ @
ã͵͵δؾʵҪͬ˫˫ԧˣ
ϲֹһգֻףò˼ģʱէŻ糢飬ǱӺֳ֮ʱ㱧ȥȽ£ԼһѹֵЦ㣬֮ߺ޲ƽȻ޵ȴԽȻ
ȻˣôȥЩǺʲô
һĿ룬ѲҸ磬ǰҲҼңȥʲô͵ȻǺһġ
⻰ʵģ˼૵ȻоǾ飬ԼҲ˵壬УȻ֮ȴǺʹ컶ϲǰĿŭҲ嵭֣˲º˵ͷǲһˣҪȥǲǳ롣
 ͻĵȣŵ磬ҺֵѾӴ˱İ·޹ϸǰƩ಻ԸֻұϾ ô磬ҿȥʵģһΣĪҪ׷£ֻңȫҵա
˵ףΪ顣
㲻ʲԸۿݣȴʵ̣Ƭ̣㿴ֵܷݶϣһ
ӻлקţʱһţ̾һ˳סһ˫֣͵Ͱοֵܷģ֪֪޵֪
˵ǱӦ˻˽ܣ档
գڵ׿һŵһиƽٺբһκš @   ԭ @
κš @   ԭ @
ҩ®гǰ˻Ժӣһǣׯֱáκš @   ԭ @
 ȾɽׯԶСʱ㵽ÿȺɽ֮֮ǴСС߰µʮ¥ɵһƬɽկ˼ɫްկӸ ѵѣһƬʮɷԲ䳡ϸʢӳд߰˸õӣʮʦֵܻսĻлһо ģģнŮŮ׸߰޲뱸էһѰկⲻ֪˼ԻÿһǴ˶ҵ 档
կӣһڵӾѲɢֱ̬֮կ¥ڵлȥ¡
կ¥ڴë͵һС¥˵¥ȴȲҲ磬ܱͬһֻסɽһڵӾη֮
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ɽЦ΢΢˹ǻ׹ݡ
һĨЦ̫ӵͷҲûƹ
֮⣬вǡκš @   ԭ @
գһգۣɽЦŨЩҲȵĵӣ϶ͽܣպǲ
ǾͶɼȥ¶Ӷǣҽ㣿
˿ھƣɽһԽȱ̾λүǸӲӣҪֻҪԿκš @   ԭ @
ֿһɱһָ⣬ֻ»ҪԿ
ûӡκš @   ԭ @
ɽһ㵣¾Ʊκš @   ԭ @
ֻĿȪ˷ɣ޹⣬ҪʱԶҲСκš @   ԭ @
һ٣ЦݣֻҪĵһ©Һ֮ˣٽб֪ԩµ֣ǻ˭˵©ãһ


ڰʮ
 
κš @   ԭ @
Դӱ֪һ˽ܣ缸ղ֮棬ÿֻҩĥһǰı̳ܶн˻Ҳ̸Цһ
ĵʮգֻһзƽ˾˼Լأ˵ԼܣȻ浽׸ǰȥԼһɹЩС֮ĶȾ֮ӣ΢Ųٶܣ糣ӣͬѵܹ
κš @   ԭ @
 ֮תתۼ㵽գҩд£ҩϰٷҳǻɢ䷽Ƴһõӷ ˣȻɢһ㲻ʣι˽ҩڼ䲢ްԼˣϲޣæһ͵׸ǰκš @   ԭ @
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κš @   ԭ @
ʼһԣʱȥѸ
Щʱռٳݣ÷ɫ淢Щʱҹҽ飬˫д˵Ѫ˿΢㲣ҿһۣЩۻˣ£ЪһЪĪչҩκš @   ԭ @
ģõġκš @   ԭ @
ϸϸһ޲ףһķŻضУɳһȻˣٲҩѹţԺֻÿճһɢɣƽʳϸЩעǡ
̲סȻһЦҶҪ̵õ꣬Ȣӣá
 һϲ漴뵽Ǿӣ֪һǱˣʱһʹ˼Ѿһ࣬ʲôο̾Ϣ֮ ˵ģҲǲ˵Ψͽѹǿգ˳Ż绰ãֻһ˫۾ڶͷϣŮӿϣȻҪˡ һ磬游ʮȢĸδʮӭĸţΨû ֮ݣҲͲȢ˭֪һת۾ѶʮˣѰ˼ңҲϼˡ
˵˵ţؾ˳Ůһ ӣ˳ȥŻʱҵǷֻһֱУǰЩ𣬲֪ȥ 澣һҲһݣȥұӲǹ¡
漴ŵ÷һĪҪʲôײźáʲôЩΣûУҲøѰһ£Щ֦ɢҶǡ
緽Ƕλ˳ڶͼϲ죬ٲǵøǣôһѻȻ֮־ЦæοǿЩӹ֬׷ۣǲ˳ȥδӲãδˡֻ´һռͶԵ֮ˣձӭȢҲһ
˵꣬ͻԼһ⣬⣺Ī˼û£ʶȢޡκš @   ԭ @
вɶһݡκš @   ԭ @
κš @   ԭ @
˵ţ֨ѽһˣһ
綼鷿£ٽףԽæµ֪Ƴ˻ɢ常£ûܳһֱ࣬ŵ˿ն÷һű常ͬɿϲɫǻɢǼЧˣҲһϲ
ףӴ彡ٱɽ
ͷһת廳ЦҷԼ˵ңڱ˵ҵĻ
æСҲңĪҪԩҡ
ҹһЦֵͬ˵֮붬Ⱦа֮ʱҲ˵һ޲ЩҲǺõģˣʡȥСãﻹûأ磬͸һաκš @   ԭ @
Ҳǳ˾Ϻ꣬ѻֻͶء
Цֶʲôӹǣ廹ʱš
˵ǲҷ˳һƬ⣬һߣ
һǰЦָһһģ㣬ëûСκš @   ԭ @
˵䣬۶һֻֻʳйڲˣǶգȶţΪһܲͭʢˣһֻСС̼¯ʱɢݡ
æµգʵˣЦ壬÷ա
Ϊ˲˵ĵͳһ壬ͩǷ̳սһţԳȵӣ˵ǹ̳̳ïҵӱֶò𣬻Ŀ
ŷѰֽţ桸ߵĸдͦپзǣһ֣ɫһ𿪷ͳһֽ
ּֽУȴʱ뻳֪죬˭Ҳҳѯκš @   ԭ @
ʦֲأ޶࣬һعһۡ
ãҷż㣬аǡ
ʮأ뻳ԾجģԼͬһ
塭κš @   ԭ @
Żڣ֪⣬˵ͷʦֵһ£ԭȥҴʦִһأױһȥ㲻û˵ԡ
ż㣬Ըóһ̡
һСͬһȥһλʦա
ϰѧΪһɵӣǰȥݼűӦ֮壬ϸ𣬵һҽóһ˼㼴⡣
常⣬飬½ܼҰȥг̡
ȴз飬뵽ȵӣʦһгָҪײʱڲ֮࣬ǶԼõΣ
һʱ飬һ˿θڡ
ʳû飬ֶݲЩ˳£Իȥ׼
κš @   ԭ @
һ磬Ⱦɽׯʻʮõӻһȳȥ
ȱڻݾڵĺɽ֮Уһҹ˽£ڵ˺ɽ¡
ɽ羰ǶգˮȣһּľֱͨС
ʮ겻طʦţ֮;ۼܾɫһ統˿δ䣬Լȴػٲ緢Ӣ꣬Ⱦƽ㯡
ѾãΨǻڹУһ·Ѱۼȿȴһ˿ϲκš @   ԭ @
£ڳĬȻԡ
ڳԣµȹȻһģּ֮棬˼;Ҳһ·޻κš @   ԭ @
ʱеȿڣ̵һ˵ҷԸߺԶãһκš @   ԭ @
䣬ӱԹһʮͷһϮʿʱһ곤Щһ̴װһڣ⺷һбȭΪ񣬡䣿κš @   ԭ @
һԻͳһˣ䲻˵뽫תʸȻ֪κš @   ԭ @
ʿģĵӽӹȥˣʦڴʱ㼴תһ֮ɫһ񣬡ԭʦݵʧԶӭˡ
һ˵ǳǰæһ񡣡
ƽǲܵģһԣ½񡣡

ڰʮ
 
ǶҴʦֵĵ𣿡
³ٷվϣұ˫֣ŶȻһЦ
ʦǹ㣬˶ʦµӡλ½ʦ˶ʦ£еڶκš @   ԭ @
̧ͷȥֻһ۱㼴סҷ
κš @   ԭ @
 ҷ֮֮֮вΪ֮Ŀѣߣ󱲿óҲ֮£˳ճնᣬ ճʱҲʧ̬΢ЦһأԳճ㶲ܻǵǸкһЩĿսĺȴʹ ţˮЩʳʵʧ񣬱㲻ֱġ
λʦ֣λʦ֡
ͽԴ㶣˽лƬ̷ĿãתתſǰͬԼ˵
λʦ֣Źأݼλʦ·
ǶԶоΪ常֮ɫæѶˡ
¾ѳʦ꣬˷벡أǰűҴٻعУ˾ؼʶ㣬㱻ǲר˾ӭñͣһ㼴˿ôˣ˴󣬾֣һһ졣
ګګز֪õʦ
תǰ·κš @   ԭ @
شʦ֣˵ȶ˹徻ʮõӵԸŰաκš @   ԭ @
복˹ȿڣֻЯ˻뺮ڡ
κš @   ԭ @
 뼰һڵӵȿһСƱСʮ䣬߰ǽ£ֲʧ ţҾò̤ȣʵΣԼסһשǾʱģɲǼʦڴ˼䴫յΣʦֵܼԵҰǰ ϼܻտɾĿȴ˹˷ǣŲɾͻκš @   ԭ @
ǶʦֵӣʦҲڹ𣿡
·˸ߵһ·ϱڨڨز̧ͷֻʱ͵͵ȥƣȴңֽ뻳Ҳ飬˽ǿǧ֮־֣ʦȴĴӲʦ𣿡
ƣ䲻ҷʣһͬԼ˵æڹСʦټµӻعȣʦһӵѶϢҵСҹסˡ
 һеڶŷǳһھ֣ʱЩʿİŻ֮ʦܲ󿴵˹ϵò ͿˣƽҵҲԸͬλʦ棬ֻʦƱҪһ˽ƹ֮λŷִظЩȴ ҲֱʱѹסģһʦڹУбԹһĨЦ⡣
еӶˣκš @   ԭ @
֮˽֮䲻Ǻɫ֮ͽһλѯĪ˵ұʦ壬ǲɵ·Ҳ֪޲޲ġ
 ʦµ˴жˣʦµˣڹУֻʦܻ۲ڣŵģһֱûʦĶӣ Ϊǹæ鲻աʦ壬ѹʦ޴ˣбʦλֵˡ
Խ˹ȱûƬ̰һսţжһʱ˵۲ڹУһ֮һϲһ½ضһ֮࣬һ˿įʧ
⻰ǰϲɽǰܱĿ˸ȴǱ˼
κš @   ԭ @
˵˵߼㵽˽ǰ⣬һ˸ֶķһ˫ԲŨü߱ڣʮӢȴʮϣֻһϮۣбͦñֱңͷһЦʦܣòһɺã
ǽʮδıĶʦŷ䡣
վ˽ţ΢΢һЦ͹СãʦֿҲգһھֵͷ쳹СܾþӻƧ֮أȴҲʱʱŶʦӢ˵á
ʲô壬ǽﴫˣʦܣЩһ˿ϢţǴʦִţǼһ涼ѡʦһ𣬾Ҳټˡ
׷˼ʦֵһϰΣŷǾȻ漴־ϲЦѵýʦֵȫǴϼ
Ӻһ̾ϧٲʦƴˡ
Ҳ׽ȥ꣬ûʱĿɣȴҲͿּʦֵʮ겻ĺط꣬ﻹǵս٣ֻʣһǻϲ
Ҵ֮ĪӺŷһἰһŷӣֻһЦת˻ͷʦգ֪ʦֲΣǡȮӻǸᶹȽҽϰҽģ˵ʮ洫Ҳа˳ɻ򣬲ʦơ
й뻳磬Сֶܵϰ̫ǻ磬˴ǰʦ밲ߵͷ
˵Ƕʦ񡣡
ݼʦκš @   ԭ @
һ°ڱ㼴¹򡣡κš @   ԭ @
ŷæһһȥЩ
ͬŶ֪꣬ʦѧߣֶҲһϱҲǿһ˼˭֪ɹȴ˻Ҳûһ£ؾߵͷվһԡκš @   ԭ @
 ŷһ߸ͽܣǾϸѡţϤġ꣬۽ҲƵһҲûĸԼֹǰ Լͽܣ翴ȥᣬȴΪɴΪ죬뵽Լ࿹ǹͻ罭ӲݣѷԼϰ ̫䲻֪ǺãҲһʡ
ֶʦӽҽҽ˵ãʦֲǲᣬ˲ʮ򣬾޲ߣֶҽãͬд¡
һΪ𳤷ԭǸõʦˡ
ŷһյֱˬҲԣס˻һֻ֣ʦȥκš @   ԭ @
һֻסңһݡ
κš @   ԭ @
׾һݱׯģȴǴһʵµֵһ˾˹ϱЩȻ֮ɫ
ʱѽΪ˵磬Ŵıգֺ˺һ㴰ֽ߱㲻˼̿𣬻ܣҲλ谵
һ߶Уһ˽Ҫվֻƺ˥Ѽϳһ£ԾһһʮӸæסŲΡΡվ
ߵܣһ꣬һûϰ
θߴ󣬵ݵֻʣƤͷһɫ۴ϱԵÿյң΢΢һЦĿϲ֮ɫκš @   ԭ @
һű㼴վס˫ţŰߣòŸϣʦ硣
ǰԼ˫֣ɣһǰסʦ磬㡭ôӣκš @   ԭ @
뵭һЦ˵һʱҲҲæ˵
תͷһ۷Լĵӣʦ壬ݼ
ֳҵͽƳġ
ƳĿʮѰһ˫۾̣֮ʱļȡ
ڽ֪֮꣬ƳǴʦּһ˿̼뵥ֻһӸԼ֪ʦֱ˽Լ²δţ΢Ц޵ʦĵӣǺõġ
ڴ˺ѣֱŷ䲻ͷʦ֣ʦܼҵĻֶѧҽģҲæɣû㿴һ
ŻƵǰֺһŸ˻ȥ
ҩ䣬ʱʦ潹֮ɫ⼸ҲҲȥͷŵϣȡ˸ָ֣
һ֮£ɳһüͷ


[ղش½][][Ƽ] 
ڰʮ
 
κš @   ԭ @
ǱŷƳķ·ڳǰƳ£ЦŰһ֣վ󡣡
˥ȥã˷ϲ£΢Ц˿⣬оͬʦлҳκš @   ԭ @
ߵĺöӣò˵ѧһҽֻϧ̫ЩţէһŮҡ
ʮ꣬ϷСͽܻعȺ󣬵жʦִʦգ˵ʦֵܣʵаʦ֮ˣƺҲͬŷйоصʦܣǼһСκš @   ԭ @
ŷɫأһĸ³ʦѵ˻ϲ¶ɫ⻰Ц⺢òʦܣֻЩţƷòҲ֪ļҹˡκš @   ԭ @
ٿһͨޣӣʦֶҲһ˲ţҲõģʦֲܸǳɷˡ
ŷͽܲ٣òӽᷢʮأȴֻŮ֥Ƶֶʮȡ
ұЦ˭֪ʦּλֶŮĴϻТ˳Ľĺӡκš @   ԭ @
ŷһ̾Т˳кãվҪ޳ȥģܲȶһӡ
ŮӣŮлӣֵ׶ʦֻʲô֪㡣
 Ů£ŷһŹ˾˵ʲôӣ⼸Ѿͷһһľ󣬳ȥϴ϶Ӳż˳ȥ¼ûһԸ˵ģֻ˵ ڼгϣѾͷɶ񣬱ҳȥڲ˵Ҳˣһռ赶ŪǹжŮýףӲ ˳ȥȫݶҼѾͷûһԸףֻ˵ҼҹɷҲҪء
ֱֹ̾Ҫضؿһͨ
 ŷСŷĲֹǽϳˣǳĲǣһѿ콣ɱǿ׵ʮ㻤Žʮ˼̺ŵʮ ߵɽҲޣԸǿˬºôͷȴҲ˽ѰηʮǴֹУŷһĲκš @   ԭ @
 ҺʱλʦֶһɶϣʱɥЦҪο䣬ŷС˽Ӣϣ ûĵСӢǳףֻ·Ҳ˳ʦοǿƣֻٵһȣԵȻˣʱкŮҲδ֪κš @   ԭ @
ϲ£һزʶŮ˵ʵҺһʵʶλŷʦãκš @   ԭ @
һͷֶǰ¥Сйһ֮ԵСŮװ裬֮ҵжѷɫ
ŷһذ׳ƾмˬʣ濴ȥ뻳δ࿴ۣʱϲ¶΢Ц
һûֶ˿ļҹһͷͻðڣȴɿ˸һ٣תʵˣΣ
ŷ࿴˹ȥκš @   ԭ @
翴˿λԥΣδҴԣ価ҺŷУпһκš @   ԭ @
úӣʲôֱֻԣʦһʮ֪꣬ῴ
 ޽ξɥ֮ȴЦǺһƽͣѰѼ룬ʦⲡѪģ ǰӦԤףż΢ʹʳֻġк˼֢֮ǰƢθҩҽ Σһʱ֮ʹδҽΣ񻯣´ʦܽʳǿ಻ܿ˻ݣҸʱʹʱʹ 衣Ѫԭǲ֢֮ѸΣҽεõɶ꣬ʦӹҽอֶţȻ޲ߡ
Ӣ۸Ȼ겡ʹĥݵΣһ֣ҽʱ˴ʦòȻ׿˵ԲһȻ
ŷͷҡͷȥӣָᶹȴкֻش֪֮ϰӲһ֣ʧ֮Աֶް취𣿡
˵뵹Цˣ϶ǿ䲻ǴȴҲ֪β֮κš @   ԭ @
ֳ廳һͷǽҽˣ˵֢״һ˿ֻͷ̫ǳǲȥᶹҽҽĹľѹģȴֶţʱҲҲֲˡκš @   ԭ @
һ٣ӣҽʵףͷһжܻҲý㼸ʦ׼ĪҪµͷֽšκš @   ԭ @
˵Ļ벻⣬һлҳҲƷžнֱ棬Ŀ֢״ʦ֮ڡκš @   ԭ @
ٺһЦ㹻
ʦܵǰΪʱ޶ֻ࣬Բֵ꣬ܺú˵仰뻹ӣǼ£ⲡʵ۵һ뻹Ҫ߯ԣЩκš @   ԭ @
֪λʦǵҲһӲȴ˵֪ⷬⲡͣһѹǿЦʦ羹˵Ц
򻳷磬ӳ
ʦֶҽǳªް취ȴһӣԽʦʹ
Ŷκš @   ԭ @
ʦอ֮ʱʹɵѰҩʯѲãΪ֮ƣסٻᡢͥѨʹʹʶ޸Уθʳµ̫ߡ
ٻᡢͥȾҪѨڴ˴ҽҽ֮вᶯֻǸȻ޶࣬Ҳû˴˵ȹ˼ɡ
һ֪⣬ⷨӺãôա
ббīдҩʦĿ뿴ҲһӣйһƳģﵹǱЩҩģҲ֪ȫǲȫܲⷽӣʦȥκš @   ԭ @
ֿһλʦܶǳȣСɫҲƵˣʦֵģпձתתκš @   ԭ @
εȴҸ֪⣬øлҪͬλʦ˵һЦСֶĽҪʶһλʦˡСֶͬʦиˡ
תƳĵСܳбϺõ˲κ֥רΪТʦʦСȡ͵ҩȥκš @   ԭ @
κš @   ԭ @
 Сһߣбֻʣʦֵˣ뻺ߵٴģҲҽ⡣һͽܣһʣȻҪ һԴ²⺢زʧԲڣں⽫֮λ֤һҲڹסϼգ Ϊˣ֮Щ˵һţܰǵͣһκš @   ԭ @
ЪһЪһң΢΢һЦʵڲУһҲü
⻰ǰŷˣǶ˵ʵֻǽһˡ
κš @   ԭ @
Ϸɵմعȣֻ˵˴һˣŷӺԼֻ֪ͷȴʼղ֪ԩˡ
 ԩһڰУаеаɣȴеɣԭˮݣԩأ²ѱԸƺԶ뽭 ǣרѧ֮µӳż壬ɷɼһֱల£Ÿ棬Ƴܷʦһ㲻£δ֪֮ ǰһţһΪӽιƽ·ΪҴ㣬ΪУȴǾʹһأȻһ ԴֻΪ̽ѧ֮һʥء
һ˼ķȫν֮ˡ


ڰʮ
 
κš @   ԭ @
⻰һů⣺ʦ˾ٿΪǰ;㣬ʵӹЩʦܵУҡ
мһ
ʦѡ֮˶Ȼǲǹ֮ܲСֻ޳ɵģ顣
Сʦܹذ֮ʮһգԴʦ־мӣְžǡκš @   ԭ @
ŷͰһδʦģ˾飬ȴһ׮£ͷЦ΢΢ŶˣһҲͷˡ
ЪһЪ̾˿ߵܳʦȺʦֵܶ겻ˣϧʦߵ磬պ״ܵһۣȴվ㲻Բ
ɫ΢΢һ˲糣
Ŀĳһ׷оͣȴҲЩź
ǻ֪УĵĻǳģʦܵĳӻۣǺӱԼ̳㣬ָߣܳӹǱ̫һ㣬ʱգسһʦϧ̫ɼǿá
ŵӰкɣȴ಻ֱ̾ԽĶ£ֲôϴʦ˵ֻùţ΢Ц糣
 ز֮¾ǰЩ˵жٷԽԽͣЩãʱŽһֻ̣ һˮһһֻҩƿλҩĺȫʦץҩϣСֶΪʦʩ롣ƿСֶƵһʹ ɢʦз£룬ҩҲˣɷá
ʱѾʹ߳Щ亹Ҳû˵ֻ˵ͷ
ŷӣ״æ߷סеʦܿæ
Ҳϴʦַ֮ǿ첽ǰǳԹʹɢģ÷æһƿҩ۾ˮ֮У͵ߣι¡
ʦͷǷס˴ʦĪҪζ
չһö룬׼ٻѨһ£һ˼漴ֳһöκš @   ԭ @
ʮöѴѨַ֮죬Ѩ֮׼ŷΪ֮һ㶡
һСʱƳĽõҩϣ緽롣
뱾ҩºסʹҲû˾ڵӷ½Ϣκš @   ԭ @
Ӿڹи˾ְƳǰչˣдӺХӵһӦ£˸Ҽ񣬱һ˵ͷ÷ЪϢ
֮վɾӣֻѷԭԿ˿дྶͥһЦɣȴ򡣡
ޱ𻰡κš @   ԭ @
һ˰ϣѼǷʢЦ̫ЩԵˡ
 ۰ڷǸĵͬģȴȻۻҪСŰ꣬һȥ뻳£һ֣¶Իʱ ˣʦλʦ÷ʦǶصЩ˵ʦҲûԣ˼˵Ҫͬʦһ÷ˣôԡκš @   ԭ @
˵ţŷŽκš @   ԭ @
æһûԷģδʵʱˣػԣҵǶˡκš @   ԭ @
һЦϯκš @   ԭ @
ˣ뻳緽ˣһ÷
һϯΪӷ磬ֻǴʦֲأ¸æµⵡ֪㲻ǼƽˣҲ̫ͣγһҴʦϴ
ŷЩһھһڹУȰңƳδʽƹһλֱҵһһֻá
ᣬбмƽϣĶʦֳű˳ۣҲ͸ȣסŷһֻ֣ʦֵ֣ѵһտȸ˲źáκš @   ԭ @
֮ߣ죬æ˾Ʊ
 Ҿֻ꣬⼸ҩ֮ʲŽ˱֮־ٱľſƵɣʮֵĿּȰƵƵз Ϊ֮ƣŷ䲻֪һۿžӿЩƮҼѵٹȥ£ֹסơκš @   ԭ @
һｻУ뻳ӣ򳤱δϯҲֻһšκš @   ԭ @
ŷûԼڣþƹ౥ˣٳԲȥҺЪϢҪǡϷקסŷһֱֻۣʦֲæȥһԲһ˵˵л
ֳ庮뻳еطСǴ޴ãȥ⼸Ҫõ·˵ȽȥŵȺա
뺮Ӧˣæȥ졣
ֻʣʦֵܶˣЦʦ֣㿴ֶΣ
ŷ䲻⣬˳õúܰ
κš @   ԭ @
ŷȻһʱЩתֱ㶿ңĿ
 ЦԽϿңֶĸţһֱߣһֱδ֮ˣʴ˽ʮδ䣬һ޲ ڣСܿҹˣ㲻ףղ֪дֹУ˵ãƤʦһ󣬿ܽλСֶϱκš @   ԭ @
 ʵŷһᶼһ飬ֻҵֶѾãҪܼ ѣռһλǿǰδ֮£Ī˵ԷǳŮŮ¥еĺеĳˣֻҪۣҲֵ Ұ̧Ȣſ˵һֻΪ׬ŷ׿ϡκš @   ԭ @
 ŷգգۣɹƶԵһò书ѵһļо˼Ը⣬һŮȻǸϹƢң ݳ˸Ȣѵϸ׵ģͬʦֵܣŵԣֱ֮ϣɣһȣȻʦֵܻ˵ʲ ôѵֶѾͷǱ׼ңϼףŮֶŮշҲõίá
һӦСκš @   ԭ @
ҴϲԻͳӲƽŷУʦֽһŵ¿ɾ㶨ˣ洫ʦ֣תĶ֮ʱҹžǡκš @   ԭ @
 ǽƴͣƴС׫һ֣ǹ׭壬ŷѧңϰ֮Ҳ飬ȴͨīˣʶ鿬飬 ֱ㲻ϵãֻϿ̵ĻŹЩӳɫʮ㣬һأϷǶָͷСһèۣ˵Ƿ⣬ ʮֻϲҪֻȫҲѲһֵǮǣһ룬ϵŵ˳ȥ
Ҳʶã˶ϵѾͷֱģʹãκš @   ԭ @
һʶʵŷӰ彣˪ӲٺûУҲһѿУǻʲôʹá
һ˵һȥұīд֣ŷдŷ֣һ±ʵˡκš @   ԭ @
 ıһźף´ã⽫ӭ֮һ˵ŷ򼸸ã˫ĿԽԵɣ¾˵Ҳ׷ѿ࣬ʦվ ָǲǵã㰴סԤ飬ŷţһ·ͻԷЪ£֮ȻתԼס

ڰʮ
 
κš @   ԭ @
ʱ뻳簲ٺ̵ӻݣһ棬ָխ¼ˮһ˵ǰѺýǽƳһī˿߽һӣ׺ö壬˼Ƿ
ϰ֮޲ϲʱ̲סʣһ
ҿһۣ΢΢һЦʦİ֮㡣
ŵϣϰգܣոʦߵͷȥ
˵սңȥЪϢڶһֲֻᣬֻ»뺮
Ե޹ʣκš @   ԭ @
ͷԣҲ֪ϵҲĪȻԸǵ£ЦǴͶ˶ʦԵʶ񣬴¾ǡκš @   ԭ @
ЦһЦΪȻǱʵϲĪһϵϡ
κš @   ԭ @
ն̣һɫѰȥʱʦ֣ȥݿߵ䣬뺮ڣһŪҩƿһ˪Щκš @   ԭ @
κš @   ԭ @
塣κš @   ԭ @
һʦҩҲ֪ȥ
ɫԽ谵򣬡æȥҲȥˣʦ˯ţôҲһٷѣǴȥҲü
ұ㵽££ʵôûȥתת
˪Ϊ常һ裬ûȥתˣôطʱҲͶ߱ˡΧɽϵЩȥֻ֮Щڵ磬ȥ㣬ԵĴȥѰķʤκš @   ԭ @
бһۣҲаգûͬǼλʦֵдд裿
 ꣬ȴӲ¶м˽ֶݻԽϴӲ֪һŷļȴѳһ ־ϰͬһ书һƢԣȻ̲סѰȽϣӡ֤Լѧֶ֪飬дһʡκš @   ԭ @
֪߶Ҳκš @   ԭ @
һֶ֣д⣬ʦ¼λʦ־æµǳһʱÿУʦǼͽܵпգȴߵھ·ӣ˲Ŷֻ֣æ׽顣ֶѰ˼ҪڴסӣҲһʱҵһǻ˵
ұ㲻ģת򻳷磬ӿѰȴǲǶֵģԳ˿ŵˣȥв飬֮伮֮ʢʵǼҵĲ󡣡κš @   ԭ @
һ㵣вûƼ
 ǲĵطհ񶴣ʲôի¥úɽһܶĽɣڹϽϣڴڸǣû˴·Ҳʦ书µ һʫʸ踳ҽȵѧ֪Ķ࣬ƽȺΨв飬һռĵ伮ʤհУȴʷӼ֮⣬¼ıǸŸ 书ؼֵʮ置֮ǧŵ֮ɽҵƲ޲ӦоУǼҲе书ؼڴѧڼհ һһ¼ȥģֻϧѧʱղɵ书ǳȫˣ伮й¼
ᵽ£ֳһ˿֮ɫǰʦһһ˵ôһһʽ˵ԣ̾Ҿûü¼˴ߡκš @   ԭ @
뺮ζʱ֮
ϲձλʦִҽհһۣ˾˵ǰݻЩһҲֵãͲ֪һˣ˼ҿϲҽȥ
ǽи׸ˣȴ⻰һȥûˡκš @   ԭ @
һ䣬Ҳȥ
һֵȥʮָ꣬ڲڣʦæµĪҪǰⶫ㿴Щİաκš @   ԭ @
ɫмֹŹ֡κš @   ԭ @
һ㶣ֱΣʣż죬һ˵ʦ壬ʦˣȥһ÷κš @   ԭ @
κš @   ԭ @
̤֮ʱǰҩ֮Чȴûʱǹʹ֮ɫκš @   ԭ @
һˣ˯һŷ䣬ҽĿӹһĨΡ
ʦ磬ɾЩûУʦȶЩ¾ƿû
һһʺ
΢Цŵһͷֶ˯һúࡣ
ƳһֱĬȻʱ̲סʦûԹˣЩһС˲μȥû³ɼҩǼЧģҪлʦܡ
ˣҡŷѲָ˵ʦֲƼȣο
ʱѰΪչ˸θڣЩ嵭֮˵˼ꡣ
ãһ࣬˼ڽˡʳ糣ֻŷ䣬ԷʱĲɣЩʳʡκš @   ԭ @
ʱס˿꣬¿ӣʦ磬Сܻмϲûü㡣κš @   ԭ @
һŷ䣬СΪֶȢʦּҵʦӦŻ¡
΢ȣһЦϼףõúܰ
ŷȴƶǰˣɰͰЦǸʦܣҷ˼£Ҫͬ˵ҼѾͷĸǰģĸǰѾͷТ꣬ȢһǼõġֶҲСˣǵȲ𡭡
»δڣ֮Ѳ
ΪТԭҲƽ֮£ŷ粻˵ƫʱи֪̬ȫʱǰ㻶ϲֲɵӣԹɫһ㣬ʱЦĵ׿ӦµĻ£ݵ㷴ڲɡκš @   ԭ @
ȴǲɫǴȵֶŮһТίʵ̾ȻˣТӭȢҲһ깦ǼҺһҲˡ
ĩЦɴ˿ͷ
ææκš @   ԭ @
ŷ伱һ亹ֻ֣ڵóӶˡ
 ʵǹ˼ŮТڣʵǾ֮ͷ뵽ŮӻǲŻֽѵݵıŮޣͬ ЩʦֵܣȴǺҲ֪ʦʱĪʦָؿƿһ̶ѨŮ޹ȥǳԿʵԤϣ ʵʵӦòʣɰû֣Ѹ˼ңƫԼĳ뷴ǲܣ޴֮£ֻڳ
ֻ겻СǸﲻɳӵģ˼ڳףԼöǲ֮ҪһԼТΪһڻؾ˳װ߳ŭ£ҲΪ⣬ƵԼţ֣̻֮¿ʦ֡
ò֮¾񲻼ãͷȴһ룬ߵܡֶǲģֶŮ⣬һŮҲûߵܼҾʵֶŮ޹ȥزԿ۵ģ׽üá
ûȴд˱Ʊŷһɫʱÿ٣ڷһתЦʦֶô˵һʲôĵġ
ֳҵѾͷ游ĸ߻ˣúܣýТ꣬úӣͷ˹ȥ̷ţŲʦЦ
ȴʦƫʦܣ˵ڿңҲܲ˵ֶӹؾرգͲס˱Ůˣƴ治ҪҲף˵ҲûʲôҪұŮHȴǲɡ
аѾͷĴ氮ĽҲˣܺùϻȢ˸õҪӭȢţȢƽҲδɡ
˱˼㣬ȴЦһźֻһ͡


ڰʮ
 
κš @   ԭ @
 뻳类ȥ뼸λʦֵһ÷ϯһȴȥʦߵͷлּλһϲֻŪԽһ ˮԼҽԭί֪һ£ʱɫ䣬壬壬ҶԶʦҵСȫ޴⡭κš @   ԭ @
 ˭˵˵꣬ѳ俴˵±㶨ˣݲ㲻ҪҲС ˣۿǶ֮꣬ٲȢӣҪҶӾﲻɣӣΨһ׮ҰţǼѸȢŷ ţҿպʲôá
 ʵԩഫҪ˭˭θβλȨȴûУԲ˳¼λȨû ҵ˵Щʲôⲻ˽ֹҴ˷˳ȥʵǽƲ㲻ԸҲֻóסκš @   ԭ @
ĻϲΪֶ£ȴ˵ŷֻøλʢ
òֶŭżһʱ飬ص˼׼ˣ飬Ҳ֪㲻ȥ뵽ҲԸȢĸŮʲôֱĻ֮£ڴ常ţǿЦϢŭֶһľǡ
Ʋ¶˽ңڲסɥ
ʼվһԲҶԣһʲԸҲ֪Ǹùϲǰοһ磬ˣЩ˯ա
κš @   ԭ @
ӳֻ鷿һ޺齣¹˶࣬˲òͬ
Сֻͬ˯ڹһ߻һˣĲڣֻñתˣԾóĿͣפһһֲһȥֻúۼ£ϢȾһƵ˯˰㡣
ǰӰĿĪ⣬ʡΡʹãһ㣬ĩˣͳͳһ̾Ϣĳͻ
κš @   ԭ @
˸˼һҹʵú˯ڶһҹҲ˵£Ǿȣ˿״
ҴֶӼۣɫ糣ҹͨѵ˽ȥŭһԾɺɫ˶˼䣬ȥݸʦ밲
֪ѣʹЩ룬ȥҩŸһȥݣº಻һݣʦֵհڣһͷ˲鶴Сκš @   ԭ @
 հԭǸȻܶһݹٲȻǸѵĲ֮ټѨϰһߣ鼮޲ű 롣Ϊˮջ飬в޻ֻڶںܸǶһȭͷСʯͷİоܷӫӫ⣬ϰ֮˶ĿһĹ⣬ɿ ּ
ʶ㣬ҲϲʲôʯͷƲʵҹ㣬ʯСһԶҹǵԲ󡣡κš @   ԭ @
һ뿴һǿվʲôģʯͷȻ棬ҲûȤֻһѱ㼴Ժһ˼Ǿ顣
鶴ʮɷԲܲ书ؼװһ룬ԶһֻѰ𣬷һ磬ҲδѰǿɰ⣺ĪԶ縸ϰ٣κš @   ԭ @
ţнһˣǵһȵ㣬Ҹ¼ȭףڵһǼһ㣬վסʵʦʲô
ʦ֣Щۻۿ˭ЦһЦ˵һпͷعǾСͣһƣֻҲûҵʦֿɼⲿûУκš @   ԭ @
ʲôκš @   ԭ @
 ʱйţ˾Ķˣʦհ񶴵ĳͣвûȫҲ˳ɣûһ֣˺һʼ ӡ⾭ĹŹ֣ǵãֻ¼ʽ书ؼҾȴβǵһ飬ʦĪǼǴ ֣
һҡҡͷڴʮϲǴǡ
Ƕˣֻĸʦֵȥûй黹Ҳδ֪
΢ǸȻϧʦܲǲȺ֮ˣⶴÿһָƣڣʮа˾űˡ
Уһ֧ǩļһ£˵۳ѪȴҲɪһ鴤ɫһκš @   ԭ @
ֵ߰ͷȥ㿴飬ֻΪҲգ⿡˹ĵСʦĶøУȰⶴ࣬ѧؼǸɲ֮أж֮ʦܺοһЩҲһ
ˣлʦ֡
ȥһʱԸվ֮Ϊ
 ûڴѧգȴһŲ֪ż𣬻ۼ֪䲻˹ɱ֮ȴϵ £ССͱ⣬ĸױ߲һտ۲Ҳ֪˶ٿͷýһ죬Լȴ ʳһˣʱͷʹƵô
κš @   ԭ @
Դӳ˻翪벡ȶ֪ʱղãɽռɫתжɰϣֻشܾʹҽҲһһʱһƬϲɫҲȷǳ
ǳϦһ磬װУָƳļλһڵ֪⣬棬׷ƳĹأһ¾ʹ˳䶨
극һڵλԺ׷κš @   ԭ @
⼸ռ䣬̽˵ϸʦֵܾ뷽跨һȴƳʦϾӦսֻܸ˴ʦֺХ»򲻵ǿƽ֡ԴǱвύҲӮ񣬵Ĵһϯϱвʦֵơ
һһ½߲ܾƵɣǧ֮ϯգҲòϱһᣬӵ¡
ֶڳǰʧ̬ҵʱһŷǺþ֮ˣ״ȴΪͣ޵ƷƷֶǺˬӣҼѾͷͦǰ䡣
޵ֺֺЦҲ÷
κš @   ԭ @
ܲסùñȥЪ£˳˾ϯһ𣬻̸ۻԲྐྵӣҹɫ΢أһ˯ȥ
֮ŵѣۺͷѣֻԴϺʹ
ŭδһߣôٶЩ˵Ҳʡ¡
һѾʱȥ̲סȵ߯Щ
һҿԣƾˣڨڨ常ǰ
Ҳ˺һȥѻˣʰٸҹšκš @   ԭ @
ҹ£˯һޣһŲ˵أǾæȥˣϴɾҪ£󻹴˸˽һɫװǻһеõһġ
ʦ壬λֵ˵Ҫ
ԭίиˣˣһ£ʲô£ţκš @   ԭ @
ϥݷ̳͢ԩھǵÿھеһڣݴ͢ѷͣݸµӣһɸɱۣݹٸȵѶȫѲݷ̳̳±ڵ̳Ǳظ
δ˵꣬硢ɫ


ڰʮ
 
Ҿþ꣬üͷҲ̧һ£֪Ϊʲô
͵һͷȥݷ̳δ̽ݴ⣬̫ɱԩйأ̲顣
ԣҷвյĿİ̫ӱһ¾ȥһ꣬Ҫ׷ö֣ι񣿡κš @   ԭ @
ɫԲ԰ףʱһңڴ˶˵ǰֻ̫֪δԩһֽţĸκ̫ϣشе֪ԩһڲзѡ
һԵɵ˵ùȥ΢΢˵ͷʦʱ޶߲࣬ģȥðգʱ֪
ġκš @   ԭ @
ٲ飬ȡ
κš @   ԭ @
˹⣬õǣţȿһ󣬡˷ЩɻбϢ𣿡κš @   ԭ @
ӻһֻ裬½ｻ
ӹ飬гһּˮ
Ӻۡκš @   ԭ @
˵Ⱥֻ֣꣬˫ƽһ꣬һʱƬƬ鲯һƮƮӰƬ̺Ծ׷޶ȥ
κš @   ԭ @
֮ȱ㵽ͩǷ̳ʮֻŸ˷գÿڽκš @   ԭ @
ԩ񣬰ɱ͢ٲ֪ɱʵ಻ֹһΣл˱ÿڱ̳ȴһֱÿÿһ˻Ϊģʮһ֮ЧĹ֮κš @   ԭ @
 ̫ŭʵּݸ飬˵֮󣬵ԩϵȴվûж٣˾Щÿڱ·̳ ʧݸҪôѹ֪ϽôһҪҪôΧ֮ʱȥݿա߰գط̳ѾƽϢȴҵ ģͩһ·̳򡣡
Уҽ˼ź㲻ٵģÿֻͬʦ̸˵ء
κš @   ԭ @
δʮ壬ԪѽڣзϰڵıһԲղͻض񻯣Ҳˣͽιųڣŷ份ǰҲˣҲ̻ӣ͸Իȥ˰ա
ŷһ㵣ʦ֡κš @   ԭ @
 δ˵꣬Ѱ˰֣֪˼ҪҹӣֻһʱҲﲻʲôæװ׿ һղһգܲ˵ҲڡҸ¾꣬ûʲôĵģһձ׬һգ˯ûͽܲٳ֣Ҳ ģŶˣȴطҪǰ޿ЧǵСŮ̬κš @   ԭ @
ʱ֧룬˵ȴȻȻ¶һɺ̬֮ǿѲκš @   ԭ @
ŷʱʵ˵
ۿһɬκš @   ԭ @
λʦǱѰ׸˼ʦӢһȴಡ齣֮֮ʹ̬֮ǲԸʦǳԹһ˱㼴ˡ
ףѹȴԸ˴ʦԸҲȰֻһЦʦҺͶʦִ˶࣬˹徻̲סˡ
ͣһͣѸ׵һֻסôʦϲҲ㣬ˣֻǻ̰еհ񶴣ʦ翴ϣסϼհա
ȴҪԼ̷ˡ
Ц΢΢Сʦܣһͷð
˵໰Ѿƣۣŷ䲻ҶƳĺˣ˱˳κš @   ԭ @
վſڣŷЩԥ𣿡
Ѳڴ˴ԶɽһƬ԰شȻеһĻĻãʦ粻ԸǿǰӣαΥ⣬ѹ
ͷҲصȥˡκš @   ԭ @
κš @   ԭ @
գŷһڵװԩڹ⡣
ҿһӣͩǷ̳㡣
ŷ买һЦǳȥ
ƥ˻ŷһУʧ
κš @   ԭ @
ŷһߣʱһˣʱ徲٣һҹԽྲ塣
ͽг֮ͬ⣬¼ȳɳ֮Ҳ࣬ùʦݣհ֮ԽԽζ֪һ鷭꣬۾ɬһϣһȥ˶أʱæ˯¡
֮һ±㼴˯죬˺ҹϡһ˵ʦʦܡһУǹ˿ˣʱָž
˯óˣҲԺԺʲô˻ݷãͷһתţСκš @   ԭ @
Ѵһ۱⣬ȥ˸ʦæҴ˴ҩκš @   ԭ @
δݣƳĴͷʦˣȥҩûУʦԼȥաκš @   ԭ @
ദһ£첻񣬻Ҳףֱݡ
ߵſһͬһ˵˹ڴǰͦñֱݣϤ֮һ֮ʱסҩѵһ˵¡
һڣŵתͷ磬ɫ˿δ䣬ֻһ԰͸һ΢࣬㲣Ȼľʧ϶١
뿴磬΢ЦգͽӺۣˡ
ֳ廳۵ʦҵĻʦܣҩʦͽܼһ档
Щøһ侪ѣһȥʰˤӣһ߹æκš @   ԭ @
æҽҩƿ£ۼݹǻҲʰˣ˵һ䣬лʦ֡
һۣؿҸлʦΪʦβ
˵õһԣ㻳翴
Լ޹ģʱ¶˹ϵ΢糣Ϊ˼롣κš @   ԭ @
꣬ƳĶҩֽӹ̸¡
粻ҩϵļζҩֵһ£˳
ȥҲû
κš @   ԭ @
ݣͷߣߵǰһбܳǰ棬̧ͷһǣ֪ôŪģ϶óһ˰̣ϣ޽Ǵֱ򦣬ࡣκš @   ԭ @
һڻңʱҲԾǿǰľ⣬վס˽š
үκš @   ԭ @
ǵ͵ͽһ¿һ
ҵ⴦ɾλڹжϽϣЩ·еʱæµܵҲûбˣˣСֻѰһ㹰һ֣ɫ乧ɡκš @   ԭ @
Ǽʱģκš @   ԭ @
ǻңѹʵ
үҹﵽġκš @   ԭ @
ѹɤ˵ʵû˿ǱŤһᣬⷴҲײˣҲܲƿţ˵ա
һаңøֶˣȻײȾһһ򶷡
κš @   ԭ @
˷ţǵ°֮񡣡
üҲӣòд˴񡣡
ͣһ̲ͣסʣҡ
ǡκš @   ԭ @
ҲԾɹţҹǵ˹Уүʦֱүүʱ֪ݣݣү¼װʶκš @   ԭ @
پ죬Ϊʲô
үǺغۿȾүա
Ȼͷһ˵ʲô

лҪ˵֪ڵʱҵļӰʱ䣬ԴӺ쿪ʼҪæµ״̬ûʱ£⼸¶ǰЩӻģԭԤ ܹ֤ڼҲûÿһµλֵʱû֤˵ûʱϴ˸ɴһ ˡԣԭǽںټɣ
ף죬⣬³ɣ

ˣѳٵ/֪ԼٶȺҲúܶԲңԣûԵͯѥȫٿɡϹǸ


ھʮ
 
ھʮ¡κš @   ԭ @
κš @   ԭ @
 ĸǰѺκ嵽˾ǣ˭֪˹صûһ㱻ˣһ޶֤Ȧּٳδ£ûûȾ⣬ү̫ ӺϼŹҪǽ˼ǿ˾˭֪Ĵ̿Ͳȥﵷңȴɱү³һүլ̫ţֻ ĸЩ̿Ͷһһĺ֣ǵֵסүҪ̫µϵʱүѱһһӵϣЩ ̿ͷųûǣǺüֵܣҲ˿һǻʵ̱֮ӵòӰͷҲû ¡
֪ް಻Ȼݣأ硭˵𣿡
 һ̵òԭûʲô󰭣ɽĨ˶Ѫҿү˵ãס˶ӣ̫ҽˣ˽ⶾķӳֻǶ߯ ̫ҽ˵֪Ϊ㲻֢ܶҩЧȴֻܶһʱվܽؾһҪ̫ټ̫ҽ Ҳûһð취үͷֻڴţӵʦŴ飬֪أү˵ʲôҲҪһۣ˭Ȱס̫޷һӶ ͬһүһ·һڴϣʱүȲˣջţԺЩ㻻·ϵ˹ү˵ʦ صأ˽һ˹⣬ƤŸߣ˵ĲʦܵĶӸεģ֪Ƕүκš @   ԭ @
μǻ۷ԸǼøɴ֣಻ЩֻѹɤӰү֪棬үֵܣҲ֪бٲ˶ԹүһʵʵĺãϣүһȰա
˶κš @   ԭ @
̣ͷһʱɫɷף뷽ɫνűߣʡ»ݴţŲһ١
סĶκš @   ԭ @
ǹɫ֪綨Ȼ᲻ܣһϲæүסǼӣһǡκš @   ԭ @
κš @   ԭ @
Уùҩͬ˵˼㼴£Կãֱʦ˯ȥ˵ҡκš @   ԭ @
Ƴһֱţʣʦ˯ˣ
һɫȰ·ˣ˰ҹȥɣء
ʦ֡κš @   ԭ @
۴˿ֻͷؽᣬҲƴǣߣۿ쵽Լסǰһ󷢺ڣվסŻһһһŲ˻ȥ
 ٽݵķӾסʦֻ֣ʣ¹нѽǵһ䣬ӣȴСϹȴ ֻסɷԲССһӣȴδֻ֮һֻ䣬ޱصñ֮С˵סҲ硣
඾δ壬 ʱַȣǿûʦʱ±ƹǦˮ磬Ŷ˺ôʱֹţҪϵ£ źһ΢ŲʱһݣʣҲͷһƷն£˭
Ϯ֮ոʮ־ѣܣԱǽŲ죬һ˫ƤѥӲȳĶмλʦ־֪ƢҲýӣһ֮þȫᡸһ漴Ѩһ飬һмжȥ
һٷڶУұȴѱηס˵СĶġ
ȻצʽʹһٿȻͣסֻһֻѴ֮ϣĿǵǡκš @   ԭ @
Խһѹȥ£ʱУλһʱΣÿÿʹŭգֻץݺʹһ٣ʱڸǰüͷΪԼһǻŭʱסκš @   ԭ @
ô֪˶κš @   ԭ @
˵ġκš @   ԭ @
ϸüͷԽԽҪҸⶾ
һǲ˵Ҳҡ
һ̧ͷſڣȴ֪˵Щʲô
⸱ӱĬһ㣬˼֣ʱŭȻ֮мֱΣĬȻվֱ꣬۳˳ȥ
ס㶿Żۺһ͵͵ⶾǰԵѰγκš @   ԭ @
˵꣬ѱתҡҡλߣǿҲһۡ
ʱɫԽһ麹翴ԣæǰȥ硭
һУؿڱһʹĵԶֳֻ治粻ĺá
̣˿ּ֮ѹĻ䣬ֻ޻䣬ۼʱӿһ˦ֱۡ
һȣһѣΣһᣬȥ֮ǰֻһȵ֮ϣʹ²֪κš @   ԭ @
κš @   ԭ @
ʱɫȻˣű磬һŴ϶͸Ϻҡ˼ҡκš @   ԭ @
۲ѣ־Ի磬ִƬ̣ǰ･ֻϸһ񱻣ĽҴʵʵ΢һͷһˣ˯ţǾ뼫ߣҹоһţԼ࣬ͶһӰ
һ˲˲⹲֮ˣƲԼ۾ҡҷУֲʵþ
ʱЩôֽ죬Ҳ䣬ɪһº࿿øЩκš @   ԭ @
󣬻Ȼ߱ӱҪϸ䡣
֮»㲻ᣬһ¶Щû۽һ𣬼ۺһ˫ͫʾԼɵѿڶллأˡ
֮࣬ǲݴһǻϲһֻวϻգסƬ̺󳤳һ㲻ˡ
һ˵һȥ˻۶һʪӵͷһֻˮ
һ죬ٲȣֻǧ˲βžȵˡ
۾һƬһֱʪӷţٿɫһŻǿ˶ʱǰһŭ㽥ֻʣһƬȡ
˯˶ãκš @   ԭ @
һڣɤɳƵͳյɤҲˣԼһ
߰˸ʱˡκš @   ԭ @
Ϸֻ׹ŵСͭ¯ԭǻůõģ¯ֻ룬ȥӳһڣͷҩ֭ţ⣬ȥϽ۷ãȥҩøҨ͵ߡκš @   ԭ @
ҿܵһ·ϱߣ˱ģҩ֪ϼβŵȵõѡ
۶겻ιľߣҪ֣Լ
һüͷһ壬ʡһһ֡
ͣһͣȻȥǰʱæǰæ󣬽ҷһأ𣿡κš @   ԭ @
һֻ쵽һ룬⻰ڰգ漴˻һЦá
ԹԺססκš @   ԭ @
ҩҲ֪ʲôģһɬ֮۲ǽ¿֮ˣһҲЩŻ˳ӲѹŶˣȴһš
 еĶ죬ԭǴһֽбĻƳ֭Һټȥ£ȴܼѪѪΪж֮˷ɫ࣬Ѱ˾Ųһ 㣬򼡢Ыӡ岽ߵֶԶɾȵáҩ򼡢Ыӵеģȴûߵλʦɽȥһ죬ڳ岽 
δݣ֮Զδѣ岽ڵóʵңٳٵһ죬»۶֮ǣ뵽˴̲סһ󷢶


ھʮһ
 
ĵԭЩҩֵѺȡ
ӶĵҪȴ֪һҩ֮ףʦһ⣬һβ©ӲͷƤˣˮڣһɤҲǰˡ
ôأ
ַ£ԭѣֻ̫СһЩתұȥ˯ˡκš @   ԭ @
˵ִһг裬ڹ꣬ס𣿡
뵽Լʳû֮ʻȴ˹ĹªңĲζ
˼ùۣһЦʦֵסþӣʦһͬʣȲƫĸҲ˭˵ΪĥУǰ֣ϰһ졣κš @   ԭ @
Ի㵣ŭδʱɫºͣԾͬһͬԼ˵±һϲ㲻
ȴãӦһٿָ𣬺㻹ں
ĬƬ̣͵һ̾ˣҲ
֪磬ιһ˿ϲüĿʱչе硭κš @   ԭ @
ֲųڣֲ֪˵ЩʲôԱ죬Ϲڴ¡
ۿƣҪڴҹҲƬ̣ʵڽϽӦ˭κš @   ԭ @
粻֪غȻһʵش𣺡Ҵ硣
Ŀһ˲Ĩɫֹƽԭˣ磬ȻҲϡٵˡκš @   ԭ @
һɵȻЦ㣬ȴ˵ɬװںһɲȴ˳
ڻۼɫʱη壬ȴƽ޲һף㣬һҸ磬Ȼϡġ˵ܹϵ㣬ʶκš @   ԭ @
˵꣬⻰ЩζȴһʱҲ벻ﲻԣٿۣ΢΢һɫģҲȥĥ
˵컰ʱѹҹ΢룬ƤҲֱȴأǿһߣǻϲҿһǣȥһ
¶ɣһ죬Ҳഩ£һޣ붳ɡ
꣬һҧŵЬӺС
ⴲ齲һ˵ԣ˯űЩǱҲֻһһ±ȻȻסۣ˲˯һ𡣡
ʱоŤ۲ȥǺα飬һߵ͵һ˯ա
ֻϵֻֽһ޶ʱȾϢѲʱĴҡһ־иֹƬ̣ϤĻҲ˯˹ȥ
κš @   ԭ @
϶䳱ʪ˻ů͵ޣ˶˲ֽűȲȣȴж˸ˣܼһ𷴾ůͣһ˯ʵ̤ʵһֽȻףһȴţһ죬ްǻȥˡ
֪ٸҹвȴһˣǻѹζ̲סпġκš @   ԭ @
෢Ĺһһֻʳнţһ˿춯¾˺ߣŻſ廳Ȼˣһ˫Լ
ҳˣκš @   ԭ @
ʳУ첽ߵߣһ۶ͷһ˿ȶҲˣһ͸ҲӰȴǲģЩûУɻﲻܣ
Żͷĸɾ
 ۹ΪЩȴ˷̣ʱڹΪ˼ɻӣһѾҲޣǻߺϰҲ ˼ãȻָɣԣﻹñź򣬵Ϊæǰæǣ޶˶˱һϲֽܶȴӲ װŻ˺ʪ
ģôһ˿Ҳû
ֽź۴ѱȥʳд򿪣˳緹һҩ֭
ҩ鷳ҲҽȥֻԼȥ壬ñЩδ˯üҽŲᣬȻˡ
ҩ߹վҪҨ͵ȥ
ƽƽ仰۾ԭյؿƹˮȥʱůġκš @   ԭ @
գֲСҪôһι
ҩʵѺȣҲͷһڿƷζЦһƿףһסֻ֣ƽҩ֭һ˸ɾ
ҩͳֻ㽫ǱòˣжЩӱԪҪ뾡ԭȴЩӣٻӣϰ²źá
ҩ룬Ҫ緹õǰǸŴеүɺЩ𣿡
ֻˣһɾܰ䲻ðôһɤӣ۵ʱһ򣬶аøɷ羰Ķκš @   ԭ @
ŭһ𣬱ĥźȥȻǱ߻ȥš
ǽһ۳۾ţĿֱԼ˵ˣȴѾǰֻϲù˲£ϲ̵үȫˣ
˵ȫʱգȴްˡ
ǱԼһ޶ͨȥߵͷүҽү鸣졣κš @   ԭ @
֮ԸЩĿһݣ
һͺ֮Ȼ͡
֪˵˻ˮֻ޲óԼƣϻ̳ϿУ۵աκš @   ԭ @
վȴǱ죬һٳ
κš @   ԭ @
Ｗˣʱƣ־ΣԸٴԻ۵ʦˣҹȥϣǷ԰ա
ܹĿ⣬æȥ
ŹϣƳһۣ淢ǳ﷢飬Ƭ̣ӲͷƤ·үŰաκš @   ԭ @
۴ʱҲûװȥ£µأߣʢˡ
ˣʰ꣬ү̫ҽѵˣڹţòỵ́κš @   ԭ @
̫ҽԭ̫һ·̵ģǰջۻ̫ҽ㱻˺ͷգ
ѽ˶Ժʱʡôһ¶΢΢һӣֻ̣ûˡκš @   ԭ @
ԸһڹŰա
ԥһ£ţжүȷòֻǶүҪ˹ҪӦү̫ۣҽ̫ҽȻȲöүͨɴֵʹõġ
 ۻ磬Ȼضã⻰Ȼͳһ뵽Լһר˷̵ֻ»ҪжԶԶﻹΧԼת תȥ꺮ůһʱ޴󰭣ˣʦﻹʦ֣羡æùò˽æ࣬ ҡ
һϣʱԼӻţϲȷ֮ȴ֪ϧɴɺӼѷǱֻйķݶӦһҪʳͻ£ȴֵҲҸǰȥա
һôʹãү˲ܵӦ
۲ΪһЦĿºɣԼ
ǼүҲ̫Щ㶾˺ˣЩһҲûץɴ̿˻и̣̫ӽ
ۿƿɵһ㣬бһ۵书Ҳ߹ڹʦڣЩ̿ͱһΣ㵱˭ã




ھʮ
 

һͨҲѹԼʵǺͿ͸ؾеͷܷ֮ǿʹҲ֮סʵǱھǸףٲ໰иˡ
ʳг֮ʣһһӿĸˡ
ʦܺˣ
û˰գ
Цкʱ

Хͬ緹ʱ˵ˣƳݣ˱һ۹ȻȲΣ̬֮˻ϲ
ͬǽãһյǰòأһˣҲʦ˸ҽܹΪģǶ龪һ
ʱѼ֮أйæ˳ȥһأĸʦֻվΧ˻ߡ
Թ󣬵ڼλʦǰͬԼСҲֱĸĳңôִֶΣ
߲ҽû˶ٻ
Ҿ˵Т˳ʦȴһֱӰԵʣԭ˶ˣҲǧ˹ТΪȣ쵹ǱТ֮ˣڹﱸ˸ҽ㣬ٲ½Կġ
Сʦ˵ձ㲻ˣ⼸ʳ壬ҽгֻز˸㣬ȫˣ۸ٺȾƳһ
ҺУ֪Σȴһἰɽ׽ߵ࣬һů⣬΢Ц
 ʦֺХⲻƽأͬͻԶСʦ˵໰ʮָˣѼ࣬׻׻ܻ ȫʦҵλСʦܣҩ˵㶾˷Ǽչ˲һһҹˣú˼ҵлǡ
Цʦ˵ǣʡá
 ˵𻳷磬ᵽЩʱΪʦһ£༸Ҳ׷׸ͣ޲Իмӣ˵լǸҽеĵӺĶ ²ּӣֱ仨㣬ˣԼ˳ҪϲȻϲ֮Ҳ⸹̵ҽȻһһĺã˵ıȴӸĵ Ķ˸ǵ֮ģֻĹģʱȴҲ͸ǲ֪ˡ
Ʋ˲˼㶼ȥ

Щʱ۵߼λʦ֣ɻȥ˯һ磬һ۶˷˲õҩȴҲ¶
տʦҲǶ𣬺ҩԾЩ䴩·һˡ
ȻԶ٣һ뻳˵ϼֲ֧˯ȥ
ʦݣһȻڴ˰ΣֱƳĵȥ
гڹлεһȦҩת飬ҲûŻӰĶҲˣȥ˱ͷ˯Ҳԡ

һ˯㵽ʱѹȴܣδۣŵһɷӵʱ˳ζȥһֻ򿪵ʳУͷ˳һ£ȭͷСĽǼ⣬ǼֻӣǸոճð
۾ʱһʱӣ
ˣж
ȥʣµέҶˮЩ˼ԡ
ʳϲޣΨĶƫ갲һڱʮֿζʽԣЩ꣬ȴһֱǵ˵ûҹ
ۿ˿ӣֿһ磬Цģ
ͷ΢ȣԼ֡
Ҳûʲôͬ˵ֻԵԼӣ˼Ҳɵˡ
۱㲻˵ĿЦȻ

ӷֱǶɳ桢ơֿζһһֻظǰһֻֻƤŵźܵ´֣һ죬á
Աˣֻů޵㲻ҽҲǼõġ
粻һЦʳеֶ˳һҩ֭ҩԵģǵˣ˰ա
Żۺ£ʰŵ
ۼʳҪߣʱЪˣٻҲһ
Ųһ£͵ŶһʳַŻϡ
˯գҸˡ
Ц˯˴죬һʱĶ˯š
˿磬ˣ
ҡͷû
ͣһͣô£ˡ
˵ˣʱã۵͵͵Ǳ㲻ߣ˵˵ա
ʱֻ˼ۣʱһǷõ̿ѿվֻʣ̿أ˵侹ǳһ翴˿ۣš
ֿһ̿裬ȥЩľ̿һȡ
˵űҪš
һס첲˻ʲôϴһռ̿Ҫů͡
ɷ˵ק˻齣һԼҲ˽ȥסһֻĦ£ǰһֽű񵹺ࡣ
֮⣬㰲ַ˵
ȻΪҪԼһƽºͣɳڻۼͷѰ˸ƣԴ˹ȥһ˵Щ̿͵ֺȫˣʱһʿǰһҲ©
ۺٵһЦԩɱ֣۽Ƶһ֣ƥУǻǵӹܡġ
˵ʲô
һӿԩԩʱ˴֮
һ𼱣ⲻ˴ϼּһŵ֮ɫֻԼǣһԼϣ˫ۻȥԩ󣿡
ȻػԹЦţڽʱղ̣ͷˡ
ǰҪȻôһ䣬ؾͲˣڻ۾䣬ģģһƬ̣СʵôЩ̿ԩģ˵ԩһͬ͢Ըôᱻã˻ˮĪŪˣ
£˫ϴԶ಻ᡣ
 ԩɱ书һǱģµ񣬳д󳼶䶾ֵģÿΰɱ̲мأżн֮ ֣㽫书·¼ڰ䲻ϸôҲεΪɹۣξᶽصش̲˾ڹϸԴΪǿ˾ǰ䲻 ۼʶֶΣȴҲһǻ໥ϵĴɱֶΣ֪ȷˡ
˵ЦһǮʹĥԩ͢Ըȴûʲôԩ𣬻ʮԩȡ̫ͷκڴϱˣɱңҲûʲô֡
ٿһ£Ļ󱳣̫Ӹ˵մգиҹʾһǲ㣿֪ǲԩף
ͷȻһ֮䣬ǵԩȾزҼҩʱǰ£Ŵ̫Ӳ˹ȥһ
۲Цͷ㣬̫ӷܻΪġ
ԹſһԣȴǷ˼ǧ뵽ĵӦԼȥһ鷳ȴһֽų־ŭ


ھʮ
 

ְΣȴǰֻΪԼǣͷһůʲôԩҲһɣȵǧǰ׷ȥѳ棬ھǵĸЩҲֵһǡ
ĵԩò˶ٸ֣ǧΣѵЩսϵĵֵùڵȥ𣬿ڰһûݡ
ʱһļ£ס˻ۡ
ֵ׽գȻͷѹ˹ȥĿԪδ˼ƫûֻͽκΣ޺޳̾һŻ緭˸ϱӸǺãЦˣʲô˵˯ա

Ƽã籾йҹ˭֪˵ʱʹ˯˹ȥʱԺһƳֽȻ΢΢ףʱһڵؾҪµشЬ
˯࣬һܵùۣر§ס
Ķȥ
ûȥ֣ˣ˿Ҵʲô
ںһЦʲô𣬾˵ҰҹЩ㲻ıһޡ
ҹ˯һޣ߳ѸͰͣͷҲɢˣѻ˵ã⸱ȴ˼ãʱͼˣ⸱ײһȥѡ
УɫһЩͷϸ΢Ǽˮ
ż§ֻѲһ˫üëƴ˽㡣һȥݺһڣɿ֣ȥա
ļǣﻹȥΪ㶹ͬˣҴҴЬȥţŷۣһûʲôӰһ´ŷ˳ȥֱԼסʳҲߣŻŻƴö͵ļ
ۿʵЦЦˣ˹´Ьֻʳȥ
ֹƬ̣˶˴µ£緹һ˱㶼
ۼѺˣҲʦһ÷ϯ仳棬ֻװͿ죬һ̬֮û۶аЦЦˣȻһ˿ա

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ʦƽڹﶼʲôǲлڹתһȦҲûҵ
ͬǺЦǹ徲ʲôǲģҺʦǸþϲģЩ˱㵽հȥ˴ڹУֻҲˡ

ѾɽϲʱͣӣԳԴ⾳У߹հһ棬һûһߵɽ֮С
 հһĻ谵ľվڶڲ꣬λֱȥߵ󣬹ǽĨӰͣסŲ ⶴרΪ֮ãȴ˿飬뿴ʲôȥǣôվ鲻ˣϸ۾
ⶴûˣ˵˼ɣһѳ߻Ǽ˷˲֪ʱյľ飬ùһһ𾭣һȥҲã񾹿Щˣ
бֻôطֻ֪վԸǰģʽװһİ·Ա굽ҸǱ˭֪ŷ˼Ƥϴžֵ۱˹
Ȼõõطȥֻ鱾ҲҲɲûЩһ
鶴󣬱Ҳһѣڴ˴ȴǾ鳤ʲôҲδţ֮಻֪ԹϡǰˣĿǣֹסش΢̣ʲô飿˵ҿģܸĶҲδ֪
һ͵˵Ƿʱǰһ˵Ǵôģɼ𣿡
һ̵Ȿʲô
ֹɣ϶Գ죬Ŀɵڻתתȥ
 һ˵Ȼ䣬һϲɫŹ֣ЩԸԼһ־⣬ĵ㲻ʦӦʣЩ һԶң⾭ֲȵմķСҲҿˣǵҳ¼˻ȥԽˡ
һתʲôȻģ˵ʽǳѧһаʽҲǺõġ
ͣһͣ˿ҼʶʶҲһ⡣
Ҫʲôۿ棬һ綨ȻãڻۣȻȻּһȻüͷȴҲһڻؾվһ⵽һǰ쵽һһƤʵľ
ϷŵľҰʷ̸ȵӼ㲻ϸңһҪȴȽ䣬æϲ̽˹յһʯͷǰӫӫâҪȶΪ졣
Ƕչϸ۱һԿֻ򣬻ϱֳ֮ɫãȻ⣬ֹһ˻㣬׶Ⱦһɫһ˫ָϸϸŶƿҪ߬סһ顣
硭ǿ
ã̧ۿ
ߵԲɨһ۾ͼš
һ٣ָǾҳһ֣治дž֡
һţȵ˷𾭣ôľֻⱾѵҪҵģ
 ǿֽȻ¾֮ɫһ̬ȴɫ죬ʻһ߾Ůһ̬죬 ˱Գ衢롢ڡ׽һ㣬˵ǻɫԵһͼԭѵһƷ
˳ŻָȻɰдһϸС֣
ʡ⾭ʱǰԲĹŹɫڻ̲סǳ˼顣
 žһϼӲĿˮڣɷϢ컣֮ʤһֻۿĿתһ߾ȴһζֻ һͼкһȣСˣһζлŮвʣŶҪһݲƷζһһ۸ ҲǺõġ
һˣʱϧڻߣ⾭ػǼģЩҲʣֻòԴ壬ټȤ֪üżϷͼһĻ棬ʤڻ汸ϲҪ㡣
ͣһͣкر˼ֻϲŮ¹Ȼ䣬ֻ鵽֮಻ضãˣŪȤбһʮϷͼЩŮӵȤҪһһԹܽʴꡣ
 Ǿͺ޲ط˽ȥƫ˵ôһλزɵĻ컰ʵһѬĵȴ˼ϸһҲֱ粻 ãֻ̺޵ҧгݻڵöǳ࣬ĩ˷߷Ȼ˸۳ƫĿ⺬ߴղ٣һ֮²ߺֻȻ󣬱ֻСצ һ£ʱ


ھʮ
 

۳ӿҪһؽǿһţһڵϣ漴չٲǽסۻĶӡ
ҪȴϻŵĨ͵Ĺֽһ㣬ʧ˶ڣЦȥһž飬չƽ־ãҪŵӺ棬һתֱ⣬ԴͲյس˶ȥ

磬˾һԷ磬ͬȥˣʱʦ˵ϳԶЩǻʳӻҪЪһЪٳԡ
֪ƤԼЩЦƶƤȴֻ£̸Ц

ϣԾɲϳԷֻ۽͵ۼˣĲɵذ뷹˵岻ʣʦֻݣſڣŲһתס
ù죬ֻԹʰ꣬ţȴǻվſڣʱһ
˺ôһЦʱδͻһ۱̲ס죬۲ȥſڣ͵ʵôˣ𣿡
˼ʲʱ룬Ҳų˵һ֣۳һۣǻЦ⣬ͶûͬһҲģơ
һ˵һ濿ǰȥһֻ˻ŵֻϡ
粻֮һ֮ºһóǰһη϶˳ǰһţʹ˵ңַһأսŻ
һܣвˣЦ߬סһֻϻúöģôͻȻˣҲԣǲ뿴ô
е򣬽ӰͶֽϣ½Ƽһ˦ѳ˺󼸲üлֻ˵ʲôֶš
ʱ˴ǣһĨѹʹֵ͵ͽ͵Ӱӵģ˿ʲô
δ䣬Ťͷȥһ۴ֽתͷ΢΢𣬺ãҲ㣬ǰַ˵
һԣһֻɫҤյﻹʣ˰뱭в裬Զһڣ²յ绹վǶԼֹס˴˼Ҫؿһֶˣ
кãһ£ɫһ֮һ࣬͵ͺһתȥ޺ˣͷ˵ֻԼϵǧ顣
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ôһ˲˲ĿΣһŴҷǰֻ翴ĸ꣬ȴֲøȥֻװƲԲ
˽Ƭ̣ĿоȴֽȥתΪһƬͣвһ˿·ֻôĬȻԱһһĻϲ
ĿУһǻҲȥ̧ͷһۣϵҩɳû
һ񣬡û˲ЦһЦ˷͹
üͷһšڣ죬ӣ극ˣ
ȴ۹ʰꡣ

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ˣСĲŸȥûˣϣ֪Сķű㾶ֱˣҲˡ
һЦһҪӣҩ͵ҳԡ
۴Ӧȥˣһʱҩ
۳꣬뽻ȥַԸһ²Ҫҹ̸˼
֪ʲô⣬ƫˣֻΪ²һûһڵţҲ
ĬȻΣۺصסʮ꣬δʦ˵ʦ壬ֱز֪һλ𳤣ҲˣȴҲ벻㾹ʦĶӡ˴һδһʦɣҲ֪ǲҡĿȻҲϲǺ
ʱһͣƬ̣͵͵ҺЩʣģֻûʲôɫǲĺá
ۿ˿һЦֹûкɫɱҶŶԡ
һ٣ЦѴ˵޿κεĿɬ֮޺֮ݱʬ޹ѽͷ֮ޣҪծӳҲûʲôԡ
ʬ޹Ǽ֣ɫˢһףڴţֱϡ
ûԵʦҲֵֹ֮飬˼֮ףֻ¹ɱвޣģͲ֪ʱ᲻Ϊҵһᡭ
˵ˡ
˵ֻ꣬һвյѵڵˤ÷飬ϲдѪɫ˵һɶֱֱŻۺһ㲻ģӦҲɱ㡣
ĬƬ̣૵Ҳɱġ
նްɡ
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һ˼ֻȥοûĻ绰ǡʦ塹γˡǡ
ȴ֪⻰ ׻ãȴһԼɱ֣ǻ۴ɸϻȣֻ´ʱǰ׹һߣһˣֻһɺ ɢѪȥ֮£˫۲̧𣬽סǰȻʧ㣬ֻ֮յһơ
ʧһȻɲ֮ȴֲסһϲ˵̥ͷһĻŭţһʱ件ϲֱЩ״Σһô׾ˣ˵Ż㣬ô͵ˡ
һֵҲ㲻Ҫұ㲻þûţòá
ȥ˰죬ھ粻ٷҲвһƬͷӡһǡ
ã͵͵˵㻰
һԴڻǰ䲻ðôһ䣬Ƶأ۾û׹ôһĹ򣬻̧ͷҲҪ㲻˵㻰
ʵ棬ֻЦɺЦ֮࣬й˵ۣɵ֣صͷ㻰
δ䣬̲סü۽ǾЦ⡣
ԾΣ磬Ҳ
бЦŵģʱͻۿһȣһʱ˵ֵֻ˵ͷŻ£ڻ
ӳڴֽϣһţ˭Ҳû˼ȥֻ㾲ؿŶԷԾƽϲ֡
˲֪ãȼ˾ͷΣ˵ϨˣжʱһƬڼȻһƬУһֻȥ۵һֻһ𣬽أһƬֹƬ̣۾˯˹ȥ


ھʮ
 

콫ʱҹɫδɢȥʷ˸ϺһϤϤĴһ˹
ϵڴһǴЬˣһҳˣ
գأ˯ա
翴һɫôʲô
ϢһĨЦݣл谵ǷЦȴӹɵЩˣ˿Ҵô˵
ס£ҴҴӣҪߣ˱ҹ̸ĵͶʱͬ齶Ҳеģֲʲô¡
۽ŲʱڵأһЦ˵úǡ
Ьƿӣȥ

˯˹ȥʱл۱ҰõϵѲãֻϡʼս˱żůͣһ˯ǰֻǱϾҹˣ»ûЪ߹˹Ѱ˸ƣԵɵ
ûãɫ΢΢ڰ˯Ѽ䣬һִֻ°ڴ˽ϣӺһδ˸Ȧ˳ű»ȥת˲˺ͣЪҪ̽ȥ
һȻˣȴֻװ˯ȥ˭֪Խ䱾߳ŭﻹװȥһѿסϵҵֻ֣һ硣
ţһЦô
漴ǰ˴գ˿Ϸ죬һŻȵ±㶥˻Сϣ̬ȴ󷽣߲Ҳޡ
ۿƬ̣΢΢һЦǸˣ֮أδɾ֮ǰзɾˣʮҲĹȻĻҪ²պⲻžйԪ֢򣬸ǧ֮Ϊá
˵ձתӣ˳ƽҲһȥԴһһŶҲˡ
 ˰죬۵ȻӲɴһ飬˿Ż緢ƢϹͺͣһʱȻǺЦҪ ܲʹֶһԧϷˮȴֲڻǷЩģ˼β֪Ǽ٣˵ʮа˾ŵ棬һǼٻ
ȥҲˣֻǻѾһʱĶȥǱӾһۣĥΣݺЦˣǱȬˣٺúһǿϵʽһѧĶȻҲ߽㡣
Ƭ̣㷴ӦҲޣԼȴֻͣߡ
ڱͲۣȴҲû˯ţûۿųȥŲͣ˴⣬ʱһȭ֮ûǽйȥһǻƬ̣̲ס̽ͷſͷһЦ

һȻůͣѩڣ෺Ŵ̳⡣
ⴺⰻȻУ;ƿݣԲ֮Ȼţ׼Ȼ浽һգ˰ݡ
ƳĴʱȵ֮ˣָһʦֵТ£ľһᣬǲ˷ֱиŸɱɥֹ۾Хֱǰ֡üŴɣһʱعֻʣ߰˸ˡ
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硣
Ųǰỽˣɽȥա
һһ㷴ӦҲޣɫСһ죬ʦҲĵúܣһȥ
ֵƬ̣ǵֽǮֻ꣬ʣһѻҽվ
ʱã˫ϥѽľһһ򣬻ּۿǰסСģ
֪ʱ۷תͷһۣ浣ǣû¡
ɫƽ糣ȴһʹ
׸ȥ֮ʱ಻ѹ㷣Ҳ˲ڹ컯֮£ס˻һֻ֡

˴ɽǰʱ֣ƳеȺʱǻ㼴Ը
⼸һֱæµ£۵òУð˷ԻЪϢ
籾Ͳģʱ٣ԽĿ⣬ֱŻ۽ǼСݡ
ͣ鵽գۻ˯һȾʱƣ˵ľ뷦ȴֲ˿˯⡣
һ۹ڵһգ°ڴմۣʱбڴͷһûǿӡ
Ĭһǰһ۵ֽۣȥϥѹ࣬ʱȥԼҩϡ
ЩʱſۣǾزԸһȴɢ˿ȥůţȥס˻ģߡ
ͣһͣ͵͵ģ󣬡
ʱ򣬻Υ⣬˳صһͷڴ¡
ֻ߬ϣãСʱ򣬸׺ĸױˮݣĵӣȴø׻ģĵûܵһȴǵһҡ
ӲǿίҲֻԼѪµģӲʾǰȴһ̬˵£֣վ̲סһԹ֮⡣
ԼһĽᣬס
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֪ʱ۽ǴһƬʪһմϣİˡ
Сֻһǰ㱧Һңˣ书ֽΪ˴֮ǰҳٳٲأֻᵣ֮գв⡭
ͣһͣסŵһ̾ϢӽҲǰǹҡ
һۣס硭
ӺȥջαԼ飬⾰˸Լȴ֪ΰοѹطڻؿڣǱ˲ϣģʱʱ̼̿ǹҰ㣬ĺǣһһ
һԲֻĬȻ飬Ǿ֮ȴѴأһƬ˯ӿϣŻ磬֪˹ȥ
ϢȾŷ£չӸϣϻһʧ˷ʱѣһס󣬡ȥĶ
о˼ֻ̿֡
ǽһĶҲȥ㡣
Ҳ˴һ˽ۻ


ھʮ
 

ã۰˯ţֻһֱֻۺڻ䲻ɣȫǽţж
˯ðʶ֣簵һ̾ԻͳֻСƿָһĩ۱µ˵
ҩרֹʹ򾲵İɢʱҩ԰ߣԭǸģʣЩʱڻϣʱ˯óˣֽ඼ȥ
Ŀת˯ݰΣḧ˸̳ĺ΢ۣͷһʹ

˴ֹůͷҲˣîʱŵʱ¶һ׹⣬ӳһƬżδȥǶž
ʱ˾ˣһҪ͵ԼסĿ»أԳ˯ţȻĵҴñǣųš
ʱ磬صԼ¿ȥţϰӲŴ죬ʱ˯ȫޡ
ʲôߣŹȥţ˵ӣλǰ
˻ʶãڸźõ̷ޣʱУֻûһ

˴۱ȥæµ˽ǰյ֪⣬Сǰȥձ㵽Уɸϳ꣬ʱŵߣˡ
ǿЦһ£޷
һ۴⣬û𣿡
˵ţͷңɣ֮λѸδȣֻСǰ
ջߣһͷˡ
ͣһͣԸȥʦִУڴ˵ȺĪҪߡ
ȺмӣӾηˣҷǣУ治߶

ֱƳסƳԭί缱ҴǰУҲٶֻ򵥵ʦպǲֱԣܼΪ
ʦˡ
Ҳû˼ͬף˵תߣһʡһ£Ȼվסʵʦ֣Сڹпһƾר置֮ϲȴһֱÿг¼֪ʦֿɷ񽫴Сܣ¼꼴̹黹
ƳĵʱʧЦһ飬ʲôģϲĻȥʦլʺ񣬵ôҲضΪҽβˣ
мһЦ㼴ǻȥʰصУ桢̷˵ȥȿںţһҪȥ鶴Ժ
ǡƾͷţﻹȥհѰңȡһߣһץӽҩ䣬ִȡһֻҩƿҴҵ鰸ǰдһŶ̼㣬ֱס

ʱ¶ͷ۳ɫĽǰ˯ݿֿãȥۿҪգͣڰգƬ̣˻תȥԽƿ£ѹֽ̼㣬ͷٿһ۴ϣҧһҧӡ
ȿڴ桢̷ѽװ˿ڳǰţƳһԣãҴҸ˹
Сܷȥȡ飬ʱʦ־ú򡣡
ƳĲΪ⣬΢΢һЦ¡
ʦһ·ߡ
Ŀͻһ˳˹ȥ

ۼ֮˰ɢһʵһ˯һֻˬľⶼ߰˰ˣ˸ͷһֽͶλ⣬Ȼʱ֣һ죬ĵ˯˼ʱ
ȻֻȥԼϴҲţ뵽ҹĬȻ飬ʱһĻϲʦȥİ֮Ҳȥ˼֡
һŻһ룬Ƽ϶ֻߵСƿƿƿѹذ׶̼㣬һɨʱԾУöɽٶء
Ȼǻֱʣޱ𻰡
ƿӣֻԽŵӿһ⣬ϸ룬ٿسȥ

Ƴ߻磬ȥʦʰЪϢļǵر˽ȫûƽĵȣͷʣȥˣжôûˣ
ǰ֮ʱֻʦʦܵĽУʱȻ˳ƺƳ΢ɺʦһʦȥһᣬȻˡ
ɫҲˣ淢֣㼱ʲô𣿡
ͣһֵͣԭһ㷿űţ⼸ۻˣû㣬֪ˣ
ʱߵģĶȥˣ
˵꣬Ȼϡ
ʱˣ˵Ҫͩȥ
գνűߣƳһͷˮڵأƬ̣üݵһ
ĥβҪ죬ҡһҡͷȥʰ£Ÿûã⼱һŲ̧ͷһͳͷ󺹴֪ҼүĶ
һ˵°䣬е
ûڹ𣿡
Ƴǳȥʦˣʱûͬϣ
ɫֻʣҪ˺£ȴǴһ̶׷˳ȥ

۲˹ȿڣ׼һޣ鼸£ȵһ˻ȼ׷
ƽ˼ܣ˿ȴһ飬Ҳȥʦɰڻߣײճֻ֪һã˼գգȴַɣպܷټ಻֪озңĴͳͳԺֻһζ񱼡
㱼һʱԶ׷һкүү
˼ֻ׷ϣлҲǣͷҲһ£һ߶ƥ
ֻǹԶȲԼҵǧԣֱ˶ٷٶȽڽкһϣ·С
ÿ
嵱ǰһǣ۱һ˦
үм
 Ǽһɱ֮Ȼ˸սȴֲҵ£ϼݱ̫ǰǻ󱦣Χˡ ֣ʮֱָιأӢӭв֣һˣ򱱾ɸ˧ͳ죬ҳһţٻؾǡ
һ˵꣬Ȼסһŵǵӡǣ˿ϲŭȻϸ֮£ȴ˫ˮ̶ֻһۣҲܽ˶ȥһ˫ֱ߬Ҫקϡ
ү
ֻһǴ󼱣էŵֽһȺΣڼ촽˶ؾ
³ȴƺľȫ

 ͩǾຬɽ·̼Ҳ͵ˣ۵գϸϸ˱ӲΣһˣ֪ʦȥðȣԾοּ ˵أĵЩˣۣԵæãҲۻˣЪٻؼȥ
ЦһЦˣô£ˡ
һ٣ֵٹ±˳ᶹȣΪ˹ɨĹ㡣
һ࣬ҽﳤҵʦˣͬһȥ㡣
缱æ֣ᶹ·̲̣ӱ޷ϵüһȥ̫ۣ˵ǳᶹȷһεʱһգܱɽĶֻҩķŲȥһмȥգҰݼ㼴ȥ
ǳᶹȴȷᷢЩ˲ͷζİˣȴû˵ôаûȥ˵ѣȻ棬΢һˣұ㲻ȥĸգҲǽȥߵˣ·ûź򡣡
֪·ǲӦʵģҲֻõһͷǡ


ھʮ
 

ͩᶹ·Ϊֶɽ̿ӱҹ̣ǰһϵ۳ŹȿȴŽȥƵ˺Ҵ壬ҵļȥ
겻¶棬һǾǻϲʱȥ֮´ɤһ£ʱ嶼ˣзЯ׹ģв˼Ѽ뺫ɩ˸Ӳˡ
 ;Ͷ٣ּ£ֻͬ˵ϼ仰عȥʢҲþȴӸǰĿ˷ӣն˺ ĵһԣʵĸ磬Ҫһҩҩģһæ˵ϻģܲܽǰѰҩңҰ۸ Ǯдһ
һĴȣ˵⻰ƲЩӣļĻûܹݣСֻܷԸǣ˵ʲôǮǮġ
΢һ˿Цĸ粻֪ҪЩҩĶЩжƽ׽ðȥ׽ιⲻȥ
Ĳʵʲô˵
һߡܡ֩롢򼡢Ыӣж٣ȫҪĸɶԣԽԽá
Ŵ쿴ҵүʲô鵤ҩҪЩ䣿
Ȼβ˵ҩ΢΢һЦĸûԶ仰ôЩֻЩκá
ĻȻˣȥˣָѰ
˵շߡ
缱æסˣȡЩܶҩϣ˼ӵҪ˸ˡ
 İҩȴ˵ҲҪסֵĪҪСǣЩ䶾Ҳټ˭ûǰ׻Ҳ ׽Ƥģͷ޸׽ߴ֣ȥæҪʲôʲôϵϡܶЩˣȵģҿ ӣҲǲҪġ
Ҳֻա

ʱķŻؼңһű˵ҪĶҲûԱܵܽɽȥһ׽˱
 ǡʱˣϱſ̱վţ緢Ҳϯˡ˷㼱Żسᶹȣһֳ̣ ĵҪڹоҩԣͷĸڴѰ޴ҩ뱸ˣͽȥá
Ӧ£ȥ˴пݵ˼ҡ

źһӦˣЩߣعС
һ߾꣬òȴûô仯ķкʱջ룬޶Ҫʰ޵ĵط
Ƚȥ·ñֽǮ˹ǰϣͷ˼

ڹסգǺޱĶҶಢһ¨ֹܹ֮գ򼡢֩롢ЫҲ½½׽࣬İ׻ߣһһĸǾ̰ͽ˹
ֻ˵ҪڹסһӣšӾǻһ֡ģأֻͷ£඾ȴҲһ䡣
óǱƾһҳ׼ҩģӵһֻֽЩһ˽ȥ˸ӣһձȥ鿴һΣ˵˵ͷϣǸֻʣһ԰׻߻ţѾøɾ
ЩܡЫӵʬǰ븯ɢضס׽׻ᵽҩУ߶ǽϣûʱʿȡѪѪҺɴҲ͸ˡ
ʱҹӫӫӳǽѪʬ˵ĹɲҲɻҩȴƽŻĵ
֮ȻаֶģҲֻ置ǵ֮طаֵ͢Ҳ˽ʲϹ
˳ѪŶĶһҹ¯šƾеķ

ڹһס£ùʱѹ˹꣬һƬ٣ȴû˼͡Ǳ˺Ҵ˱Ҵ·
˭֪ͷһոϵţ˶ŻŵģǰϵҲ壬벻Ĺ⾰
֣СѯʣСϻʵۼݱˣ»ʲŵǻǹ㷸ң˴ͳ͢أϺ·¶ҳһţϱ̶ˣȻ壬͹ٴһ·ϱûŵ
ʱһ
ʱͩǸǳɽ·ȵۼݱһ¾һ㲻֪ҹҲͲϣӹг췴һڱعٵֱ˸ݣϽȴȡݵؽ磬Ǳۣ·ҲδƼ
Ŀ·۳žһңֶ֪̫Σزס⽭ɽֻҪʱ̱ӷҲף°Ҫݱ±һ

һ磬㼴еٵһ·ϼؿ˱أǹ³͢ǲϸԼ֮ڣϲ֮ˣЩٱ˷ƣԴЩ޲һŪԹص˶ټ
ü˹ؿֻӱ֮ء˭֪·ЩбĿ˵֣͢˰Ϊ˧һҲӵøЩ
ֻ˼Уһͷ·ϼ·̽˶ݾڣȴԭ¸ӣҲ֪˴ǹȥһۣٷ̳١
ӣȻ˵긮

˵طڽιһȦҩʦԾɿԭأ࣬ץҩĻҲǾˣ֪ˮ̴òһ
ڿջ£ۣùطЪϢһűţƿ̽ͷջ徻һӰҲޣٲ飬Զ¥£׼򣬲һݼֱϡ

իϵİˮ䳨棬ͷʽģŰ壬൲סϡ
²ŶŻǹţתؼȥ
լͷȴһͷ²ƵʱϳһţѾͷﺰүˡ
ݵһƣ¶ܽصЦѵ
²ʱ߼ݣ֮ضҺģⲻЩ㡣
Ӱۣʵأտûп֣
ˮһֻۣӣôͲӵ
һ۲紺ˮֻƵ÷²һ룬§ôֻˣǵ㣬ʲô
ˮһЦʵͷҲˡ
ָһָݣų̣˯ˡ
ǰʢ˾ƷҲһգ԰ա
²ȷǶˣˮһѼ뷹Ź˵ϼвˣһԾһȤļ˵ӡ
ڣؼеʹѾͷ̣ۼͷ˸๫˵ʹүľʶҪһ
ˮͣ˿꣬ʲô๫
Ǽһλӣͦġ
ѾͷǷ²½źӵģʮͣǶޢ˵İӣϱһ죬ȼò˵ˣֲһ䣬Ŷ˵


ھʮ
 

ˮһڵվ𣬡
ϲ̳²ŵҼҹˡ
²һ֮Ҳ滶ϲһĽп룬Ѿͷֽˮ̱ߣԳȥӭˡ
ڴţԼͷһ˵ûȶãӰںͷһԷЯݡ
ӣ
๫
ˮ̸ɶõǰݼӵһԲȫЦҲ̵ˣôҡ
ֶԷ²Żһ
Ī˵̣ھˣҲǳ̵Ĺӡ
òˮǹͣǻϲ²ҲԸ統˻£˶ţæýַԸѾͷųñһƲˣҪϴ
ֲæޣð˷ġ
ֹסʢ⣬翪żɽ²Ҵ˴ǰʵһ󣬷Ƿֲܰҡ
²ʵЩ죬ȴѵǸĳĺˣ๫кֻܰæģΪ
翴һ¶һ˿Ц˵Ѳ˵ײףֻǳ⣬˿Уٲֱһ
һ٣Իͳһֻû˿ڵĽңֽһ͵ι򱱾˧ֽ밲Ӻۡ
²һƽĹٶҲ֪һſڱǸүֻûҲ˵ˣүҡһСȥ˼ϼң⡭
ˮ̼ʶ㣬Ҳһӣ
֪ʲôģλүҾʶֵ˧ֻŷ˵үȵʦȻ㡣
һ룬ֽ¾ϴӲıһ²ţö׼һ
˵ԲģֶҪ£δۼ֮ǰ򲻿ɽб˳ҸӲ⡣
ˮ磬ǰˣıһ²Ҳ˾ʵֻ¸ˣɻ𣿡
һ꣬ţ˵˾䡸ǧСģ塭˵һȴֱϣƬ̣ҡҡͷ˵Ļڽ֮УҲûʲôˡ
ȻȴڲסһĨɫ
ˮǲԹɫм֣¶ȻҪ֣ʲôڷҲ¶Ҳ֪Ȱοֻöɷȥʰң·ա
Щʱŵִԣһ¹췴·ǧСģɵЩߡ
֪һݾսңʵǲ̫ƽȴ֮Ҳޣǹⲻȥ룬Ŀ·Ըݱϣֲȡݣƾܴιأܱܹսҡ
ͳһӷϣһ̲
δ˵꣬㱻²Ŵϣĳ䵱üҴҵһ̲еģ๫ĪСǡ
Яˮֵ๫ɣĳӣѱһҲֻЩСԾˡ
翴ٲ֪˵ЩʲôĩˣֻһҾ

ˣڴ켴ط̳
û磬һӵɸ봫飬ֵɵִǻϲһȥͷӭӡ˴ֵζУںԶԶţһ˻ߡ
˼ѽģʪˮһˮСĿ̡;̲ݳ𣬱ֻۻݲһĿ
ɵ𣿡
ͻˣ߶㣬ûôϵʱϻȥ㡣
絭һЦûسᶹȣˣൢЩʰһ¡
ͣһͣʵ磬һһ·Ź췴͢˴ǰΧԩΪãйȥ̳ѱΪ֪͢ʱ±ǴͷӦ֮ߣ
һЦֵ֪¹ɱ̫ⵥ⣬̸ùȴ֮½ǢĪ˵̳ڣ̸˭Ҳö֪͢Ȼͷõġ
˵һӣ˵ЩʵЩ¼ԱҲС͢˴Χˣ»ʵ⽭ɽܷҲδ֪ԹҲϾﻹ˵ǡ
 ҡһҡͷ⻰˵ˡھס˶֪꣬Ϊˣ˳ǸЩͣƫ֮ܣԶȲ»ʣ˿ ռһʱ֮Ҳǳ֣͢ʦǳ͢ռ˴֣Ǻֻ¹Ų˶áµı֮ ͢㣬ύʱһ˿Ӳ͢һӥȮ˳ϲ˹鷳֪̲Ĺ Ϊ˾ǿɣͳЩʿ»ָ£Ǳ㲻ò
ʱһֵǼǣ˵õ
һ룬سôմɱ̫һ¼ǻܣҲǼ֪ˣͬڣ粻ȥ˿ڣһȻ޴Ӳˡ
һЦֵܴ˼
˵΢΢Цſ˻磬ֵܴ˾پΪԩ룬Ϊ˰ﵱƽأ
Ȼһۣһžֵ֮飿
ͣһͣؿЦҲѹִ롣
 ˵㲻ˣֻͷţƬ̣»ʵΪƽѴ󽫣ʱʮΧ˷иݸӵǲʮ£ ֮⣬иطⷬү֮ʦδڡЩбȴ಻˾ǽͱ˵̬ƣù ʤ㼸Σ
ɫһ࣬ҡͷɡ
һЦֹɣֻһҲûС»Ϊճӣֶ꣬ιˣҲһҲŲȥţԹ۾ǡ
̾һֵ˵ףӺԼȨƣ˭ӮҸϵҰ˭˭ڴްӮ򲻻ǹȻˣǱֻԼҰΣɣ֮˭ʲôȥƽϵġ
ͷһݣΣͷֵ˵ò
һ⼸ձȥҹζࡣ
ȥ磬ҷŻ˵ˣֵĪҪ
һ漴Ц翴ֵܿǵСԶ֮ˣ
Цˬʣ಻Ц
 ЦˣѹΪһɽȻǮƣǷǳĸ粻Щȥ̽Ǯڣ֮ ࣬ЩƱ͵˹պҲòˣг͢ȥǡⵥɣñ㲻ʳ ȻֶЩȴֵã羡ɽ̵һԡ
˵ţգգۡ
ǣͷʵá
˵գһЦӱ޴̳۶ȥ

ԸȥδգõӾȥ̽ϢɱԽ
һԿˣ۳ԩ񾡳һʱϾȥһ۵鷳ɵһЦ


ھʮ
 
ھʮ¡

գۼѹС⽭һƬǲݳݺ˿档
 ιڵĴƬС󣬴˿ͷ賤ţͷ洦ɼŪԼҵ磬ԶԶȥһɰֻܰߵĹٵϲʱб۶ һһӶӣԶнĦ׵Ľ֮NN޹ģɱǵȥһ䱱 úһιع򲻿ɽӳ˹һƬ
ǳ֮ڣ֮Ȼ࣬ϿյģżмŵϽЩ߳ʳģ಻Ҹߺȣһ紵ݶŻĹˣȶһ̶ܻؼȥŻ˭Ҳ
˧һڵɱʮξ鷿һһλ˧
 ϻʵ۾ݳ˥ֻһֱδ̫ӣĻԶӾ껺ӾΪףӵرָг ˮ֮ݳ¾ϲ£ҳɥԴΪҪӴҳƻ˭ľ˭Ϊ
 ˵ĸһϪ壬һĪ壬£ӺͽЩڶʮ¡ѩû껱ǰ ű߾һʼǲ࣬ǧˣǲ˹ļ򣬺׷ҲСնֻʱֹ֪һ ĩ껵֣Ǿ񴾹ȻûͻϮҰ£ڴһѣҾɳ̽ǰһ˿Ҳûյ껹˰ ȴëҲûţˡ
 ˧Ϊ˴ɳ飬ּǱڱļ̽ѶϢʮĸһġ껡񴣬и ݳѣ˭Ҳ˭ı껺;ǶϲϺϱһģǾݳȴǽǸҲҪôţǷ ʤ̾ûˡ
˧սӵ˵껴Ҫǣĩǲʮӭս˭֪Ǿݳ䲻ߴһ±ʮʱ·磬˵ƴûǹƳţɳ˧ȴҲˡ
 ӣĩǱҪزסⰧιˣ˭֪ȺȴֲˣСɵбʱʱɽһ£̽˵ Ⱥ˲ϹǣҲ̽˵źϱҲֲĸĸǼ٣ĩǵϸֻþسǳطһ̫ ƽ£ȵүǰȻ˧һ֪Ǻˡ
˵꣬۰Ͱͳ˧
 һؾʥּΣΪԪ˧ҪձϣȴЭ»ʵƽѵ˼գַ֮껧תھǴ³ һϣΪ߹Σ˭֪յǳǱӰҲδţټڽǰʻ֪ô棬֮ЦԷǣȴҲ΢΢ ü
Ƭ̣һһԸȥ
гɳȥҶˣһж̻ر
ǱڱϾ̽ӣӽ̽೯͢Ǿݳ£ΰţԽϸԽá
Ұ¡ڻȹ⼸׷ɽĵطǧ˰ء
Ұ
ͣһͣɨһ£ȻҲ¶ˣҲؼɱУȹһԲӦա
ЩξǾӺߪģۼ˧ͬ˧ƣָսҲͷͷǵ޲ģ

һȥæµд񣬲дһǴǽɫЩ֣һүվǶЩԥοڡ
Ʋһۣл˵
үسŵıʿץ˸ˣ˵ϱ߶̣շ룬ֻʱ˺´̣ϱ߶̼糷ˣûһҵⰧιģ˾˿ɣҪصȥ˱Ҫ˵үͬŵһλʦܽġ
һʼһīžવֽϣһֽ۶ʱˡ
Ķ
·ŽҪ˹¾߶š

ʱ˴˽һɨȫգŴС΢սս̬̼ͬ죬ɱ˼ɻ´ۣʵʲô֣
һ٣ʣ˵Ǳʦģĸʦܣ
У˵˼־ӸµĿһˣֱֱ˵ǲŭ²ﾭϥͷһͨڵأһͷһͰ͵СġСķ²ţϣܶУү
ûĹٶҲ̧ͷȥͷʵʵţ˰죬ͷһ䣬˵
Ŷվ
˵Ͷʲô
²űŻȥƬ̰ǽҺͱ˳ȥӹʵϡ
һ𣬻˫һУĦһ뻳УһŽңҿڷʵذС˸ӣת˴һһ貢һŶ̼㡣
Ƕ̼۳ɸʤֻ䣺ذȡĿѪΣк裬¾̷
ּǻױʣһļ࣬һﺮҲޡ
ҩðģ֬͸ԼԼͷһĨ죬۰ҩΣʣ˵Ļ£
Ǳٿغͻ࣬²ű㲻Ʒǰ㺦£ܻҽȬȢˮ̽Ͱ͵˵һ飬˵ҹǧСı塣
۾ţһԲ͸Щů⣬²˵ˣԵԶ࣬ȥϢա
ʹ˷²ȥ

Ǳһվţǧҩ裬ʮֺ棬ӳ˲ȥɨǶּ̼ҲһֵƬֻ̣ҩڱﲻסүүѸһƿⶾĺһ裬ȴǹʲôģ
Ƴһۣңȥ˭
ͷϧ̫ҽϸ¹ˣȻ˵ܳЩŵ
ͣһͣСʵүҪ
üһ̧ôҩף
 Ȼľ֣Ķ˵֣ЦĶأүүֵһ׹ǵı£Ȼ趾ҩֻ ¾ǳҩķ߯ЩûҪԼͷѪҩӵģ˵ҪôôֵûšһͷûذҩЧǴۿۻ үҲд˵Щү˼
۰ΣսУԸĥī
дǷۣҩδȴֲֻᡣ
ֱҩŹ֣Ȱ䣬£Ҳٶ˵Щʲô

һհιƽ£䣬Ƴǲ鿴һȦ˧
סǵݣеʮ֧ãѸ¹õ㽫һأͳö衣
ʵһҲˣ¶ͷһöͩӴСҩ裬Ѫ΢΢Щ㡣
֮УִĿһѪݳһ䵽ҩϡ
Ѫ׹棬Ʊ˽ȥһ˿Ҳε꣬ҩԽ죬ƻ˰㣬¸һΣϢҲԽ


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ζ㱼侹ƼгԵ۽ٿӹһܰ˿ҩ裬һ¾ƣһ¡
˵Ҳ֣ҩ΢ȣʱȴһ˿ҲҲȥƬ̣Щ٣ǻԼһııţƻһĹĶֹƬ̣Ŀڴһů㽥һ
ϥڴϣؿһɺʵ֪ҩкô¶ζȴŻȻẦҲȻ޾壬ֻζһϸ΢仯
һٲʲô˯£˲ʱﻳվԶԶЦԼҲ˵ҪȥȴôҲţż䣬磬ҵݲߣȴǺͬġ
⻰˵ȴ֪ģڶֻδйܰ಻΢Цһҹֱ

컹δ۱ڴϾζҹξһƬ׵ػϲ
Ƭ̷˼ȥתһȦӪʿ½һתš
Ծɵҩһ˻ۣ֧֧죬̲סȰү׻˵ҩҳԣȥи̫ҽһա
ҲԵñ˷¿ӣأѳȥˡ
ЩԾƽ£ڨڨزˡ

ţȥþ񣬴ʱ˿նȥѷ²һ÷
Ƿ²˶㼱żȥУȴˣֻ˵үÿмٵһȣʱæˣ˵еĻ㱻ϯͬүһԷֻҲȡ
һΣĺã˷²ǺɫԼ˿¹⵽ֻһź˿Щûɵӣ²Ÿܳһҵҵ
ϯ仳ʲôʲôν֪޲޲ſҽǲС˼˳ͳͳ˵ˡ
Щ»δϸ˵żһἰҲһ֪ϸϸֻýζĩд˵Ѱ˼ˣֽҩ̸ˮ̣׷ʣ֪Ϻδ
²˵գڳҲҡҡͷ๫û˵
üͷ΢΢
²żвϲէŵӵ๫ܲҲˣ´Сүһʡ
һƬ̣Цŵͷ͡

ð˷²ű㼴У۰ͲЩȥ磬˶Ӹֵ̲ţһ·ͻȥ
²ԭŰһ˻һĶ飬뾹һʹͣɵֵԼӰĽϲؽӣȥʰװԤһ㶯ҡ
ˣ۽îԸ꣬ϸЩŶүĸѰȥǺ˵ط֪

 ģ߹ط̫ƽһ̣ȴ򱱾зּӻͳзƳʱǰգࡢʿ㹥أ ˸һһ˵û֮ܽɱ仨ˮٲ֣ҲûԽιһ㽩
ϱߵĹҸͶ˲£뾽߼ļҳĪУԼţűΧڱ;Уݲãʮ䣬ֻʣʮ˻ţƴӵһС
ӺҲʴӱЩι֮ܣսһȴһϲͨʿ־øɾۼȥ쳤֮̾ԾҲɢ
һʷĵ֮Ҿʹ˳䶨죬սҶ˵ϱˮ½

һգʮװصʻȾɽׯϳѺľõӣⱼ£ɹ÷ɫ΢ڣһ糾ȴض飬һЦտӦ۵ӶȾϲׯһ֡
۳ŵӽһֻֻľƤӰǮ⣬ǮһǷծʱҲЦ˻Ӹصֵ㡣
ʵϰЦģ˳ǣԹⷿ͵˲һӣ㡣
νŻԼԺӡ
¹شһ˲Դ£󹦸ǻϲҪȥһ常һϾǳգȻȥϴˢһ˸ɾѳ鷿һˣ
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²˲٣һ˶Ȼࡣ
һֱһ÷һʰա
һˮ飬űǸþˮģһ֣Լֵġ
һ
÷ǡôһ¶ǣֻʮǧë׾͸ˬ⣬ɳ˿
ҷžⷿһۣ֪ķᣬϲ
һüëϲʲôĻණ
ͣһͣ̾ιֵϣɽûǰ㣬ҲŲһȥҵΪǿȻЩǮݣҲǰĸˡ
΢΢һЦ硣
ʱͷУһۣ쵽磬ȥ÷Ҳ˵˵һ·Ρ
һһȥ˸㣬ǵϲŵû
һ㼴ЦǺã緹һԡ
һʱźСյɽϣתȥ˳
ֻʣˣøᲦЩҶ磬һ²ЩʱһֱڶУնһʡ
Ȼ͸һɿ룬úüʲô£ֵʾˣĻԥ
²յմӦٲȥӺ۵鷳ǵˣںң
δ䣬ɫһ䲻أֵ׮
ΣĨЦҵռӦ㣬㲻ʳԣҴֵʵʵ⣬㣿
˵ͷȷû˵ףֻǰЩЩ˵ý˹һ׮ȥǴɱմӦҲȥ𣬿⣬ǱѰ鷳Ȼͬ޹ˣҲ㲻ʳԡ
˵ţһ˫۵ֵܽնһŵպֹȥͬˣɱ⣬ҲҪ˰ա
 ¶ǻ֮зǴ͸ȥģմȴҴһطʱ֪δܽӺ۱ڵǰЩʱŴͳ ࣬˶Լ۴ĵطĶŲµԼΪǱ֮ģ˲нյʦɴŭЦֵҲ ⣬ΪΪһ֮µԸΪȣȻȥѰ鷳ý⣬ȴҲܽе˲ȥ׬ӣҪ֪µǧ ࣬ҪҪȣܲͬӹȥ
ϵ˵Ҳ˵ǣֻԹǲ٣㼸겻ţԩҲϲɽգ翴ҳıߵĹϣӺ۵Ǯ㲻׬˰ա
 ͣһ֪ͣҽΣμڷҹѰ˼֮£ֻð置Ƶķ˶ͬĹƳһţ һšͬһԹƵˣԴϢϢأһˣֻҪһ£˱ҲһʱҪǳ סˣһҲܻ
ɫ䣬ݺݿ
ƿ㣬ԹԵų֮ӣǴ治Բס͵ҪҿҲܹûκΣֻΪһأ¡ʵȥһˣٲؼмΪѣҲõúܡ
˵գһҾͷҲصȥˡ
һĿڣֹֽסһ󷢶ӰֱʧԺſڣڰ಻סһֻյڵϣˤ÷


һһ
 

 ֮һɼҾرݣ֮ͨķطһͬǣһȨеıƣеƽй ߪһϲҳ꣬Ϊ˳̩»ʿ£һһٲȻһ󣬳ȥսһֱϣȴһɷ ˳̩񰲡
 ˳̩£뱱ս¶϶һ࣬۴򱱾ʵ˼Ӳ̣ȥ붬ǽһȵ˰ιԱն࣬ 껵Ϫü޻֮ݱƵֻһůزԭһƬ̣ţ׳±һû껲 ֪˵ӾԽ򾫱ԼҲоһ˻ݳѣʮ˰ιأһʱս졣
 ϱսУιÿ괺ĻȻȻֹͣˣøӾϱ˵˿ʳȥƥţ෷ Ҳˣƫ۵˲¹׵ǱزƥҶϵƷ˲Σ޲Ǳླڵһ¹ҩ޲ һʱֻõγʱһã̾Ǵûûˣҩû˲䲻ɶԹصڵ̫ҽԺҲ˲δ ƽ̫󡢻ϲʺ̫ã˵ȴһǮ˲Ҳˡ

תֵϦȾɽׯŵƽһ֣ʱ˷˱žаһЦ
һڣ㶼ׯи磬ʱ㷹ɢȥбֻʣҲ硢
ҸһʱЩ⣬ʱѾͷɢҩЪЪžЩĵˡ
΢΢һ̾ûҩţ֪Ǻε̬ء
ˣɫһ
ʱɫһһ֣ҲȥЪ˰ա
ֶȥ

ţ뻳һǰһţֻ˼Զȴ˭Ҳ˭۳ųԺӣˣ͵ͻ硣
ŲͣȴͷҲء
磬мҪͬ˵ȥ鷿һ𣿡
 ԴͬĹһ£δͻǰԾЦѵܹȴҲûЦֵԼȥȻֲֺ ˣҲͲǿǽ̬ҲңһڣֲǡƬ̣䲻ӦȴŲһ ת鷿ȥһȥ

ҹԺſֵصļӣͯѾ߶ȥԾ֣徻˷£οڣ¹ˣҲͬ˵ΪֵֽԸЩûҹ鷳иʲộҲͬ޹ء
˲ӹһĨΣ¡
Ƭ̣ںг磬ϱóȻˣ˲˲ڣҩ̾ѶϻҲѰˣǸдµ˲õò࣬㣬ҩƳɢţ֧°ˣ֮⣬ҩζҲˡ
 ҽ念ȫɢţһҩ˵ʱҪ澭ܳŵöãҪ˵Σս ݱ̻Ҫ򵽼ʱδ֪ʱͺؿ߹ػУ˲ɽڳҲ±ܰ쵽뵽һ㣬ɫһ 䣬ĬȻƬ̣ʵ˲β𣬿ñҩһ棿
ųڣ㰵Լ׳գĵа취ҲΪѡ
Ȼ˱㲻Ƭ̸һĨЦǣ˲ΣޱܹζϷҲвģҩȴȱصĲһ
 һ񣬵֮ƣʱȥһˣЩ˲λιѷ⣬ѰöϲܷУŴӺϹȥɽ˺ླڵ ҵפιʱϵҩٺиԲˮ壬½֮߰죬ص춺壬һרԲҩΪ ʱϺ˲˽ܵҲǳҰѰȥҩıٳ˴˳ֻҪ¡
˵ɣȴ۾˼򵥣ôҩ˲λ
һ֨֨صǺ춺֮ɽ÷ҩ̶òҶƥȥлҩģЩùȥȻҲû·ˡ
 ɽɽʱлûֹ÷ֱҪ˿ߣû˵ȴǸ˾һתµ бΣսʢСײʿһطգ뵽˽ڣʱüͷһ壬㲻ϴӦ˼Ƭ̣ˣмõǰ ȥǣ㻹ڼŶЩ
 䣬ҡһҡͷɵģǴȥҩǰȥûҩģЩõĸʶó˲κû춺شูأ˶಻ͨ ˵ľǱõûһ˵ѰЩˣҲɵġҵ굹²ѧЩ˵ʮ־ͨ á³ңֻ˭¡
֪Է飬뵽գɫ֣Ľȥ¹常ȥˣһЩʲô
˼ȥаΣŵҲãͬһȥٴϼֺõģʲôҲӦ
С
ɫȻ˫Ŀֱֱһ˻ЩҲȥô죿һʣջҲޡҵѸʦдȥ±ҪȥԤӭȢ֮£ʱ򲻼ˣʦùȥ
ͣһͣѾˣ˳㼴𣬱˵ȥ置Ƕ￪ȲҩҲӣٲûҪڹȥõ˼ɣûĽúҹġ
ˣҲ֪ס룬ȷûķӣֻõԩֻнۣûкǰԤձȥ¡еҸЩˣԷһ
ͬ⣬˿ЦҲô࣬Ѱ̶иʮʮҲˣ˷ɡ⣬ͷ׼ЩҶƥǱڵಿģʶýġ
һһӦˣȥܹ˳˳ãиʲô
˵Ϊֹ̣ΣŵŰιأ۱ʮʲôףȣסж֪ˡֻҪƽƽҲȻƽϡ
ӺԹأ»簲ΣΪҪȴҲ˲ˣ⻰ǽ常֮˵ģʵȴԼһθ֮ԡ
磬һᣬΣҵ˴粻ˣŭҶӦãοǼ´һֱţãֵܻ˵һл֡
˵꣬أҲΪ㣬Ӳã֪˼ŭģҲûʲôô
ȴѿӲһףƽ￴ǿͿ̬ůЦңȴվݲĳҷգס
Ծ˵Ҳãһ٣ֻģҶȻƽƽ


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׵ձ˵βҩһ£Ҳֻ䰲ΣֽЩĪһ£Ҳɵȥˡ
˳´ֻŻ粢ʮõĵӣ˳ֱɽɽڸĻ˺һ·ϡ
Ǻǹɽһ̳ѰģǽʵƶҲǶ֣˰봬Ҷƥһһ·ϣҲ˰·Ѱһ塣
ʱ粻϶ǰ˷ȴҲܣīˮһϰ߽ʯ˻ѩɽ
ϴ˴壬۳һǣƥ˻ﰲȵ˰ϣʻ๫һмʱ
ԩӺȵôǣѵӲɣ
 Ǵϴü๫֪Ǳؽ磬˵ɹҲʱѲһġȺûСĵ ׷ɴʳˮ赽ϲЩһλã˱¡Ƕˣ˳ɲˡ˱Ҫͬ๫Щ ˱СĵȵһȴҪҪҪģʵհ
ü΢˵Ҫģ
๫СĺģʵΪ֮
ϴ˴֣ԥƬָͷСֻ϶ʮ졣
 ƣ춺ϰ£ЩʱʮҲˣǺãڴ˵϶ʮ죬ǶȻˣʱ ǺôǵӲǣǱлȥգֻǵɽ贫뵱ʹ֮ˣ˵ԭίȻĻֹ⴬õòȣһ ¿Ҳû
ǴϴҲǽȹ˵ģ⼸֧ŵһڴӦСĶȻʮ죬๫ġ
һߵԶˣ˽ʻ밶ߣԶêĵȺ

洬ƥë¿ƥˣһ򱱱ߡ
 Լһգǰ¡һɽչ಻β˿̽һƬ̣ɽȴδĻѩ ľҲɰ֮ûҶīһƬӻ˹ͺͺɽ֮࣬һ֮±Ρɪ֮ɽıһơ
ʮõӶϺ߹ģȾҲ棬ֻиʮ߰С﻽ĵģδɽƣŴ۾ⶼʲôˣɽѩ
Сȴһһĺ֣뻯Ϊϸִٱ䣬һ·ϸŻѧ˲ٱλƢϱ߲£ߴߴʸͣ
һԲԲԲԲ۾ʮϲּ壬һȺм䣬˵˵ЦЦҲ³ƣһ˱ôǰɽ

 ɽλɽƵһβϣɽѲߣҲƽֻ࣬ɽǰɽ֣ʱҰ޳ûڴ˼δʮůͣϹӻ ûѣ˺ô鷳µıӡϻ֮Ҳһԣһ˶ֱֳָ࣬У׺һ¿ڣֶˡ
񣬽ʱѧо֮ʹָҹ䣬ȻУҲоյطɽϱ㵽ɽ֮¡ۼɽ±һ޼ʵƽԭݵ飬˷ĪȻʣԵõҰһͣι¿ּ·
ƽأųֿ࣬õڰ磬ԶԶһƴ̣Ҳţ֮ԼǰȺ۾֮ˡ

ڻҰãֻһƬɪĿռţէ̣˾һ¶ϲɫ׼ǰǷ춺һ壬ϲɵģԼͬ䱸
һ֣˾£һ飬ǰɼˣǲ춺壬ܹǱգСΪϡЩ˲˵ˣö˵޹ҩ̣⣬ĪҪ¶ݡ
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һԭԭ񣬹˷̸ԭ޶£Ҳһģһ֪޹֮ϸ飬Ȼһлһգײġ
󣬻統ȴ·һŴĵطȥ

 ǵطŽһȴҲСʱǰֻһ޼ʵĲԭϰٸձʣȺһʱЩϸ룬Զ ݵɢƬƬȺţȺŮԿˣȺ򶫰ɴÿľ֣쿪ȥһɽԶԶأд ʾ䣬ȴͻһ飬ض
һǣ¿߽ȥСͯһȺ֮ͣһ˼гָǻͷӵͷ۳˳򣬴ߵǰ˫ֱزΡΡиʵĿˣǴԶ𣿡
˵
պ«ưػȥɣ޹ҩ̣Ѱ춺壬ЩҩĻȥɿΪָ·
ԭ޵ĹͣͷһЦ¶ûʣŵݣڱվ춺׵ļſڡ
һϴСĻֵøһЩǰҩҩһӭĿˣСӣ뵽ա
΢΢һЦлɣ
عͷȥһҶԵطˡ
һ˾ϲɫ
ͷһСͯţȥ㰢ֺǻ
ָ˽¿ǣһж»ЪϢ

źĲӸ˽ձʣձϰ£ʢָ̲쵽պΣһµգڶµϣԼƷһ˱Ҳѧ
˼⼸챱ףǸˣָһһһλƷһţһС˴˲ε
ಿʮֺÿͣ춺ԳҩΪӴǰҩ˲ӱȳʱش𣬻Ȼϲ֣һֻԼʵǻϲ̫Щ
 ԭʱ̣˼ϴĲ֮⣬Ҳѡ׳ǰϾӾսۣ춺˶ϡ٣һж ѣ˲γֻۣǽϻʵԽã͢׳޽ĹԸЩ춺˲ûȱ㽻 ȥо޼ʣһЩҲǲεСΣҲƥҶѡ
һĽס³
ߴﹾ˵һλֻķֹ⾰˲ΡСޡ⼸ȴһϲɫѲ³ţʦ˵ˣ˲ɾüͷ
ʱһضʮ˵ĽŲСͯıŸ׳ڵĺӽ˻һֻ
һȥСˣȥˡ


һ
 
춺εĵͷ죬ڲҩ·ײӣ˵˷ҩĿ̣æż˸˻ʱڿİŮʵ֣ҩ𣿡
˵˾䡸ǡһƨ˻ǰҽںհͼ춺׵峤ʲôҩģֻܸ˵ǣһҩľѡ
ԴࡢսǰطҩĿ̱Ȼȥ춺Ƽѣֻǿά֣ʱһ٣ǲԭϲĲҶ뵽ɺЩ廻ضʳţ򣬲ϲ֡
ˬϲĨǣںհͼּҲʡˣʵֱʣ˹ߴ򽻵мҲһ
λѣҴǰרΪչ˲Σж٣ɶҡ֮⣬ݡζӡ¹׵Ϸټҩģֻܼõøҿ
˵¹⾰վģֻ峤дЩûȥ˽ǼǮЩҲ
Щҩľ춺ʱɼģںհͼһſڱҪֻ࣬ϲһš
ܵߺ˰ѸҩĶ˼¨ʱһȦ
չл˲ٺöʱһԶ˳һһȥץһζţһηݽϸϸһ飬˼ǮƷ࣬ζ뷵ݸһٽҡ
һ֧¹ף¹ǻж٣
ںհͼһ֣ǽףͳֻԡ
ǮΣ
ںհͼ濴һѲеһָͷһ׻һƥС
һ룬ּһ䣬Ҫֳ滹֯˽ߵġ
ֲƽƽδʵʵĽߣ϶ǷʨӴ󿪿ڣȴ֪ȼǮڽϣǰֻ¹Ҳţֻǵͷ۱ͲϼۣƽȷټҲδ˴ǮҲ 
һЦҶҪˡ
˵ָһָһ¨Ｘ֧ƥҶСΣô˲Сûٺõ𣿡
 ںհͼҲˬ죬ֱϲ۾翴˲⣬ɱмֱҡһҡͷûˣƥҶϵ˲ζй ȥͳͳ˵Ͼͽʵáûӣ곯͢ʵ̫أĪ˵ƥҶƥҶСҲһЩǿ ûСָͷ֣ͳ
ͣһ ͣһĴȣ̾ѣʵһȥ붬ѩ̫󣬹˰ǴϺõ˲Σͳʮһ֧ ָͷϸϲΣǰϣ˭֪Щůͱѩˣɱ˰ձ㽫Щζȥһ 죬Ҳˡ
ɫһ䣬˲ָ̬治ˡ
㲻һָָһС¨˲ΣЩҶҪˡ
ںհͼΪƲЩƷ⻹ˣϲ⣬ϲ֮ȴٶིǮֻҪһٽש

 Сչ򣬻ѽҩ룬ںհͼͳٽҶʮƥϸУƥƽѳڣڻȴ󷽵˱ʮ⣬ȥ ʳޣֻһˣֽйźסһ׵ȥ⣬Ԥд͡
ȵ˿ʣ˼ӽ֪δ½ˣһ˵ֻ˲ΣıʣЩ𣿡
Цһˡ
Сסǿô죿ȥü
üҡͷɲڵļɽϻѩδҵü
ЩͷǸıģ겻òˣۼļֶȴܼ
Լ࣬ٲ˵һ֡
̲סһۣоһһͷ͵͵
 мƽϣֻһֱ˼ȫ֮ߣδʱһƣҲͲƻг˰ĸղߣںհͼ˵Щ ͳʮҪȥۣһʱȥþ·̣̣֮ǰڻظõıؾ֮· Щɱˣ˲ξߡʱմݣ㻹˳ԭ·ɽȥӣֱιءధιزİǿӱޣֻ ձɵִɽšʱɽϴԣҵһɽļʱɽ飬ݹϱ±ˮҲֻǳǳһ㣬Ǵ˺ӹȥɵ ڡ
ЩõӾ֮ͽںɱʿһƻ꣬·ҲѰ׵±飬˱ȥתӡ

 춺ϯţ̾ƿˮ޽ϲȵľ£ȴһˣҲ֪ʲôϿģ ֻͷҲҪȥ˴ȽεεСҲһ⣬ֻ˵ո·㲻ҺȾƣ춺˾ƣ ֻ˵ʤǳֹþƵĵʵͲס棬ԽˮҵգȫװƣԤ·Ͻʡ
ںհͼţһһ̽ʮг̣ĩֵջȥ˵˲Σֻһûô»ʣһĲҶͳУҲôȥˣͬǻʮƥʹã
춺ȺʮƥСһ׮ʣµĲҶƥΪ٣Զֵô㣬ںհͼһڴӦ˼ȥʮĲݳѡϯûɢ˻
麩񣬼ִ󷽣ȻϲȴҲԸƽռ˱ˣ֪һҪ·Ҳһ룬⸬

컹δһб㼴װҴð緹Ҫ·ںհͼŸݵж·̣мȫǲݳԣ⺢ӽľ̨Ϥ·Ǵ·ա
ľ̨뺣Сڲԭ֮˴Ǵ֮ӱҲǺ棬ֹһ׾̬֮뺣Ⱦվһ߳һͷȴСֵܰ㡣
ҹ麣ĵĹϯһϵһЦԭ㡣
绨
ľ̨һɫڣҲֻһ˫÷⡣
һıϲֻԭϴδɰĹ㣬һ˽ձҪȥ㲻ᣬҹںհͼԸҪһȥ
ںհͼ罫ƥ¿Ҳһ˱壬˼Ҫľ̨һ˵ȻΪͬһ˹
籾ڵ·;ƫ򣬲ž￴ıͼΪʱֳɵţ⣬Цла㣺˹ǰǡ

Ǳ춺ˣһۡ
б߰ƥʱʮƥ´࣬ƥֱżҩģµıʱ滻֮á
ľ̨һɫҴҴ񱼣ʮֲ⣬ȥʺġ
ǲ˵滰ֻͨޣһӻѻ˳ȴ˵ΣΪм£ҪЩȥ
һ٣գһգۣЩɲɣ
۾ľֵ̨סʱظģϡ

һ
ľָ̨һ˸·Ȼ°빦ٶ·ֻ̣һҲ͵ˣνѸ硣
۳Źңңųͣľ̨ȥ˿ӵݸ꣬Ȩл
ľ̨ҡͷϽӹҵѣŸǴ·ɲҪ
ԭ飬㲻ټ֣˻ȥ΢΢һЦǾͶлСֵܡ
ľ̨תͷȴߣĥΣϵͳСС󹭵ݸģģ·Ϸðա
ͷһͶ⼸仰ֱ˵ÿĿİͰͺᣬĿеںϣ˭óһ⡣
Ͷȫƾһö֮˲ϽţǱǴطӣȴŮδĸӵĶ˲СڣҲһ㶣ԼͷлĻ˻ȥЦŽӹл
ǹСɾ£һ䣬ֿɡ
ľ̨Ҳ֪Ҫڲԭϼ޿ܣҲǺõģ¼ϲسԼ΢ЦԸѳź˴һЦԺ춺ҩʱҴȥɽϴԡ
һӣ̼Զȥ
Զ곤ĵӴȤСӿǺѾͷ
аĵҲ⡣
Ц˵˵
Ҳ֪Ƿһ䡣

λӹƫһ磬˴Ƭԭɽ꽥࣬ȴԶ룬ɽ֧ɼľɽҡһ·ڻֱ߲Զ·һСɽһͨݳƽԭ߾˴ƬŰ֣ʱﶶ˻ѩܿһҶ⡣
Ӳԭس̣·Ǳؾ֮;Źǹи߰ԶҲ࣬Ǿõ֮
ҴҲ鿴˵Σ˷ֱ
ʱѽ촺֣ѩ˴룬ϰߺĸҶʪϼűʪЬӣ˷һͷҲ˿⸬˺Щɾı飬˱ѰʯͷƤһޡ˵죬ԲʮӰӣɾĪ˼ͻˣһ˾ǰæһ뵽˴оһס򻳷硣
ɽһ࣬һ·Բ￴˰Σһҧٵ죬Ȳ˳ȥѰ

ڵֵ죬۳һͷƫؼʮԶԶԲԭ󻹸ţһѶ
ʮ˾һʿװһ·˵Ц紫۵ױһĨɫ૵㲻׵ȡ
һӣˡ
һɵʱᵶ潣ƴ
ͷδ䣬ȺҲŽǣһ·ţжٷּ̤СһǸ׳Ƥñϱȱ˶ӣ۶һ±˵ǸССͷ죬֣һವֱš
Ӻ̵죬Щ֣䲻ٳ䣬ѧ˰ͷϵ׼ȴǸʤǰһֹע˭δǼȥƣ۵һǸԴѱһ䴩Ҳһˤ
һ±ʶฮ׹ɽǲõѵźţ޼ҶȰ׷׳к
ʿ֮ھ£˵Ҳֻǳֱ͢ϽǼ֧ٴαǼ˽⼸ССȴǴ˸ۿۣǹڴɱģð޲㶾ʮʧصֵһ󣬱׷׵زһĴܣûܳԶ㱻һһȥ

ۿһڸøɸɾһдֱţһ飬Ȼҳһʵ˲Σһ࣬ʮͳһСҲһأϲɫ
ǳϳ˲ΣвٴĶһŻƤëɫư쵣ϡҲڵС
֮һ飬ͷȻ䵽ɽ󣬻谵ɫһʬ·УǿɲԸʬţϽȥصЩ
һڵӱϵϿĿŪҸݵһӣЩҶݲݸס·մѪĵҲ֦ɨɨһ飬ٿۼա
ɨ꣬ɫȻһ£ǣеƥ
ǵ̫ãٷȥ˴ǲˣֻбιȥһ·ϲʱϡ٣С¡
꣬һ˵ҹ·

˵ǰιصһݾ·;ǹٵʮֱˣɱ˹飬˳ǽ˿ڵƹǳأ˸Ȧӹȥһ±ʮ·̣;ǻƧײգҲʮͣ
˴ҹƥʵԲͣЪһɫ΢ر·
С·Լ̱ԶԶƿȥػǰб㲻ⵢ󹤷İ·̵֮춺׵ߣ໨һչֱջƻѰɽ
ɽڰɽһ֮УľӳңѰһҵǿʯʯڿһխխķ϶էһɽѳ룬мôһС
۳Ѱ˵طһϲֻǵ˽һȴһ
ԭɽֻխǿһƥȥ߱ǶұڣɽԳʣȴ֪Ķһʯһߣηɽխ֮ˮҲضȥ
ʱһ
ı󣬼״һұԾգʱǰɣȥġ
µһ۷׷ףе˵ʯͷɽģ˵ǵģĪһǣֻи׾ƤĵӵĪ˹ġ
СҲ⡣
Ⱥ룬ȴ֪Ψǲ¶˵ģŪһʯͷĲǱˣפⰧιص򱱾Ԫ˧ӺۡҲǻԵɺϣѲ;ⷢɽǱɱԴ͵Ϯ붬ˮһɣ˴Ͱҩɽըһʯסͨ
翴ʯüΣһ֣˱㶼
·Ȼͨһ߾ǡ
бָʮҰ£պǴǶɽȥ
һҰ֣ȻȻϵһɱ뻳۲ս龰Ŀ²һȻȻҲݲ룬Ƭ̣㼴·

ʱࡢ֮⸽ʱز̽飬߮ѲߣСģ۳ɫȴҾٻһźۣڽҹԲµգҲ¿·
۳ʮأ۳һ·ƽ߹˲ЩƼ֮УѵװҲЩƫһƥʧŲȽһӶʱһ˻ǰˤһӽ˦˳ȥ
Ṧãǰڵһţ΢飬ɴ˸վֱȥǣƥ˭֪˻ѣ˼£վҲվˡ
һңͣ˱ѳ۳һΣ۷״ǰˣٲһƥա
ֶıȥɱˣĪȥ
ҵһԻʮﱸõƥһƥϡ


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ıһ˺һҪӱޣһһصɤǰǼʲôˣ
ʱű磬˴·紦һƬ˥סԻһо˲ֱʱЩһ˾һ򻳷硣
֮䣬ֽЩƥڶ࣬³ͺһǱߣ
һڵӲ˵֪һ񱼡
һ̴磬õ˵ùȥֻҹ˾ţѲǸ·ʱѰĪӪʿЪϢһȴǰҹ·Ҳ㣬һ֪Ρ籾·̲ԶжʱЩٸϵҰȥҲˣ·ϼװҲû˵ʲôȴһʧǰֳ죬˳ű紫˳ȥ
˵ҲɣһӾɳ֧ǧ˶ǰҰԽ͵ϮͷŽӽҰ£һ˻޲Ȳҵ˻Ȼֹ֪ƥͻȻҹּһȺӰӰ´£Ĵ𣬳һ䣬һԲȱܣʱ󾪣Ϊײǰ̽̽ӣһ´ݾߣѼй¶ݵȺ˻ȥ򱱾˷һҹ͵ϮҲ
ӵǧд󼱣ܾɱ⼸ˣһ嵽Ұ£ܽ򱱾ԣű
׷ȥ

˼ҰѲʮԶ̼һ·̣õϹϾ籱죬۳ƣ׷мʸƿ֮һ֧֧
ڵǧ׷ɱĳǸոǿҲɫףΣ֮ԲĿģҩĵļƥΧڶУӡ
ҲƮһƬƣ˲סɫ׼ͷʧˮ׼һ·׷۳ŻһбҰ£ɱ˼ƥںͷĿûɱһˣֻĵӱܲ˵ʣһǱʸ࣬һۺѪ
ʱѱҰ£һ񣬻ͷߺټӰѾ±ڡ
˳ùһϵ˲Σϵǰ⣺ĶҲôҪȥ
ںĵһ޲ǰһֻǲƬ̣־ԼʵǸ˵̫Щ
ԭҰȻƼɱϾƽأȥʱٶǱʱ׷ֻԶںһ֪ǾһԻȥҲȥתֵͳһ޼׷ȥ
޼ͷСҹ￴ȼȫ޷ʱ˵бϹ۵ģб˸첲ģһҽС
޼ϴž綾Ƭ̼伸˴ľü֪ǰһڣͷ
ˣ󲿷ְȴ׵ס󣬸Ǻˡ
ʯ֮䣬Ȼ湭֣һ֧֧ȥҲùʩ
Ҳɽϵ·խֻòƥܷӵϣڵӿ֧ţһʱҲǿֵסսӣת˲㵽¶ľǡǵ뻳֮
ۼǰҧסԼһУ̱֮£һĳȵףһػһ˼ԲߣǴƬ֣һ㵤֮һұҼҹ򱱾ĵǣУա
һ쳹ɽ֣ǧ
ʿڽӣöԭٻ纰ǰ򱱾ʱʱߵľţǶ꣬ôһУһͷмˡ
ֻһе͵׷֮Ƶʱһ͡
֪˾ٲƣһĹڵֳʮԶ׷һξ롣
֪Σһ·ҲȥӲƴһһֻͷ񱼡
ЩƬ̣Ⲣ򱱾ָǧɹ򵽻ʹթƭˣŭһǣִ߶ʿż׷ϡ
ۼ׷򻳷ȥɽִһͳ֮һŭ粨εӿɱ̼֮䣬ǧּ֧伤ͷ޲մȾͩ͵˻棬׹֮Уһȥһת˲ǧȣźȵýʿǻ񣬾ٹ
һȱʵϣ֮ףڵפս
Щ˲֪緽֮һǹ˵ط裬޲շͶء
֮䣬ǻƵؼͣгǧƵıʿϴ򱱾ֳֵ̣ǹɱȥת˲ɱһ
ǧУһ˴ɽһ֣ڻɱ棬򱱾˧Ӻ۵Ļռǡ
һӱ㼴סﻹǵҪӣһ˫۾ȥѰӰȻǳӵĵطˣһºڼףȻһĻӣֻһ˫ĺڵֱʱһƬ磬ȥֻһʣĻ

۴ʱ࿴˻һУֻ޲ǰȥһԣȴǰսöֻ˻һ漴תͷȥ
ԭǰǲȥ֪һ֧µ͵ϮӹڰգǰڰɽڷԽĵطһҹǡѲҰ£ŴƬ̣ϮãһС׷ɱµףֻ֣һʱΣ㾲䣬һ¶ͻһ󺰣۸һϤɤԼ䣬һԵүѹʡ˺򱱾ţƶǻɣ䲻֪ĻǰΣȴǲɣһ£뷢ΧȥֻһɾܵϤ
ʱɢȥи߹һԲ£ǧѣսӳһƬͨǧȦףŭƴɱһѪ·򱱾ʿ˷㳲ǡµУϱӿ򱱾ʿһǰ۳һ಻òмܣһƬ֮УҲһʱѰ·

絶Ѳʱµĵӻڣּһ䴦֮һۻغϱնɱѪʱر߹ػһ׳־ӿһɼһԶĬȻĻۣ֮С
ߣµȻҲӣֻҲɱС
һ˲֮˽սƽСɹ˿ȫȻɲóʣµʮ˸ɱ˵мң˼Ӧ䣬רбڲ֣̺֮۾ôôҲЧݶ⺷ͣ򱱾˲Ŀ׷״⣺һĪԪ˧ѵȻ


һ

򱱾͵Ϯһ¼зµķ㲻ǧ֮ڣ϶Էһ࣬ȴܲסʿƸ۵ĺ£սñսֱ¹췽ֳʤ˼ʱǧ룬µҲ˴ˣ崦򱱾Χס
һսУ۶ս֮㽫ĿͶڻϣÿÿ˶񶷣һı߸ֻ޲ܲɹȥȴ˧ݣɵǧʿȶŮ˽˾ģֻ߬ȭͷǿ԰ֱ࣬ʤȯգۼ˵ˣΣƣһ
ֹƬ̣Ƹǧֻ翹򱱾սڼսΧѿʼ˱սŵӳӱϣԼ
ʱ趽սۼǧ;ףСУΧ£üͷ΢壬ױǣսһԾϣսֱȥ
򱱾ʿ˧󣬷׷ÿһߣ̼Уһֱһǧ򳤣ʹ˽֣Уξһԡ
ǧأµһʿʱ֮һԣһ񱳳ͬ磬ƴǸͬھļƣ书߳࣬һ־Ҳռ˿ˡ
һǧأһסۼЩƴɱȴⲻȫûּ֮Թ죬ֻһڿҧǰȺˣ˵ĻһиǺ޲ʳƤ֮»ǧ˱͵ϮҰ£һԭаʤһ˫ֻʮĻ磬ժ±Ͻ𹭣ʹȫһ˳ȥ

һɱùӶ˲ʣֻı󡢺˫ǵȫˡŮӣʦֵ⻤󣬾ҲˣʱȡɾΪһһ
Щƶأһսмļº£Щͷ
˶԰ּҩĵҲ˻ҩķֺδʧǻϲ˼䣬ԺԶսǧ򳤣ɱתͷȥעս
˿սϨѲƷգֿ񣬻û⣬أǼֱǰŷȻֻһȣʱһɾʹһᣬֱ
һ±ͻȻڵֻôˣΨк˫ŻۼֿһסӷŵԼϣһС
練ӦֻŵɤҲˣΧɫɷףĸǼÿ
һĪչ޴֮ʣš
΢ǿ̾ʹ
ֻһʱ˵޲־ϲһ۾
˵ҲɣһֱĿڣȴƫƫǰǰ˲εһƫ˼֣ͷֻһ͸֧˲Σֻһ֮أ̼Ѫ͸ȴǴҪ
Щ˫Ϊȣоȣʱס㻳ǰѨסʱҲѹýȡҩ˿ϣʱֹסѪΧı⻤һȦ⾯䡣
һۼ⣬Ƴأﴦ޵ҧгݣָأͬʦֵǵ˵Ķ֡
δ䣬ֻӰһıһʽ첽ֱֱ˹ȥ

ʱս˴룬ֻ˻ڵǿ֮ĩڻѹ£һһУãһʹϣնһ
ۼ˧֧һ޶־ʱ߰ʮ±ִСΧ򱱾ʿҲ㲻ŽƣֻһС˰Χ
ʱһӰǧʿͷԽ籪ףżڱʿͷһ㣬ܳʮԶ˲ϢԾսȦ֮Уֱأ
˼أױ˴ŵļʿҲûƥվһţֻϣǵϼǾ֮ʣһӰֱſһâɺõɴ۾⽣ܻӵ죿
δףһ

Ŀ֮£ֻһͷ­շ𣬱ץͷУϾ͵һѪʬΣˤ
ʮ͵Ϯȡ׼ĳʵ̫ˣࡢʿ뿴ôסɲǼսмްһӰһת˸أԴִͷƮƮ˳ȥս֮һƥϡֹƬ̣˷Żعһ֮Լͬ˵˭˵á
۴ʱѽ˴򶷣ն׼عֻһӰԽʿϷٿȥڷǺһĻȴ˲ƼʹһСУ֪أˣ²бսսɨսԼѰһ򻳷֮ȥ

ľʹ󣬻ȻҪָ°ȥˣȴıͻʩɱ֣ǧ֮ȡ˵зϽ׼˫Ǻᱧǰбȥıһԩ󽣷һʽɱо£ṦԩĲ֮أֻбõӲŻĺƣĿһһۣıصߣ㼴ʹԸߣĪҪ򱱾סǡ
˵򱱾ʵµȴǻۡҪ֪⼸Ӿþ˵ñеձȥɱ֮ˣ书类ۼֻһֱδѰ˶ѣı󱨳Уڴ˴йսȦ֮УһĻῴǺεˣһʽɱûаģ֪Լԩ֮ԨԴ²Щʴۿ˱ڸǰǵǰžۣ˴˵ط׵
ˣеµҲ䱻ˣ򱱾Ⱥݲ֮Ǹʲô뷨δ֪һٸ±㲻ô
ı˫ǶһۣڻǵģȴҲе飬һѸڷɱ
ʱ򱱾ʿ˶æڵ׼˵ǣּ硢ı˷ŷɱУֻԼˣһ˷һɽ³壬һһһʣۺ״˴ѰֱߣȴǻӰֻ߰Ѫһ֮Ŀرһʹ

һ˳˳ɽµףֻɫأҲ֪ߡ
ȴ֪·̧һָָֻϣߣʮƬɽ֣Ƕҹ
˼ڣȥ
Ƭӻʱȥԣܣȥ㲻ΪѰı̽·Ÿɽڴ˵Ѳ⿴Ŵ˰ӪЪޡ
һ˴ʹͣѪʱȻʡ
ġ˽ڶѲ鿴ƣ˺½ʱ˴۵û˹޴ԼְμʹһЦʲôֻܶ־ǡ
˫Ǽ˵һıʹ˸ɫıסӣһʹ˳˲ַһҩϸϸ
μ֮ʱҧסزһ˴˲۳һ亹ƴˮ̳һ㣬ñֻԹȥ
ȡձ̺ʵʵˣԣȥʦֵܡ
鿴һȦ˶ֻЩƤСˣɰңŶҩžƣߣҹ磬¼˵ͷ˯


һ

˴δսһ˯ŷ׷׻ָһ۱ӿտգȥҳԵġ
ŸƥҰ¶ʧ룬δⲻ㣬˫Ǵȥ˼ֻӣִֻ¹ȡɽȪһ͵ǰ
ʧѪ࣬Щֻϳģһ˿Ҳޣ˼žЩɫ಻ǰɷס
տҩԼҾĵƳģޱȣһ޼ûҲû񺮣˿˳˳ֹѪʼֻʧѪȴһʱֻȴǼġ

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ϣ罫ıͺ˫ǽеУʵھдɱĶ˭
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üһšԵƣ룬ðΣǼþ
һ룬Ըȥһ̻ȥ⼸ˣ˵ҲһߣЩϻظУЩҩĽҩµķƳҩá
˫һȥ𣿡
Ƴһۣ㿴⸱ӿ𣿡
أĪ˵Ҳ½˿ڵȥǸԭ죬Ҳ߰Ÿƶ
ġ˵ҡͷ·ƽأƲߡ
Դԩ˼࣬ⰧιؾԩԶǧӱҲ·ܸϵܼʱҩĴ˻ȥ¸ҩҪˣһ뵽ˣһŭҲڴ˽죬ҪдҩĻȥˣôƲˡˣ꼰ûҩȴǱû˵Ұм¶ŰӣȻҪڸϸϸѲ٣ڴˣÿȥŽһ˰ա
Ķţٶŭһֻ֪λƢԣȴһѹ˿ͻزȻɫ˶һּŭ֮Ϣ٣˿ڣ۵ɫףĶٿ˵֡
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мƽϣȴЩֻӲʩ˵ġˣȥŻسˡ

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ŮӣǱȱϸȻҲ֮Уһؿλʦֵܽƽƽȥʦֻܷġ
ıԼ⼸ʦֵֶܵģ˵Żϼ죬ʲôѰ죬޷ǡһ֣һյϧ𣬴˵ʳ߶߶һٷʱĩֵײ򱱾ǰѼ죬ʱ򲻿й¶书
Ĳһ̸ʦ˶ʵǲԣıɫ࣬ʮҪһ֮µһͷˡ
µͬĪ˶ǧģ书ֹһһɣڱŹҲ£㶼Ӧ¡

컹δ˹ߴһڵ·ı󡢺˫ǲҵ飬ֻѺҩߡ
ߵԶˣ³һְ˯˸

ڶ徲죬Ƽã߶ճ˶ۼ紵ң֦ͷѴ˵⣬ŸԻǰѰҰˣֱײһ£ָѰ˸صطһ˰˹ȥ
ס죬˿ڴȻӲ裬ĸҩʱϲýеӷˣǱ·
˵ƲһƲ죬ģɽҿסˡ
Сң࣬ЩӶأԡҲǲܣܲѣʱڼһ˱̣ɵȸԾ֡
տָñѰ˶Щ⼸ѴΪתֻĽҰ˱ϾȲüֲҩûв˵ʳǼªϵѪɫһֱҲһȦԶǰǰӨէһۿȥƸĶಡ΢΢һЦֹ㣬Ҳסˣٶٲ⸬ɽҰãػزǼûУﶼ治ζˡ
ỺģԵʱ漴ǱȥѰҵס£ϴһٵʮòˣһΡ
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絭һЦＸգʼûҲ£Ҫô߹سԽ򱱾ֲѣҪôΪӳ˰ιصؽ磻ҪôĴѰȴû뵽ǻ֣Ѿȥ죬پҲиˣ򱱾ֲרżη˵ģµСУԸֲ£ڲӰֻѾȥˣŲš
˵꣬˶٣ҰϻۿԼ񣬲ЦسƬֵ̣һ򣬱һǳȥʱСЩˡ

һ磬һ˳ֱһ·ϹȻ绳˵һ򱱾ʿӰҲδ
Ϊιر߳ǵһ˲ʮԶƬ̱ܸϵκλƷתһߣؿʹһϱһ亹ǿҧţߵ˵طֻɫѰ׵ˣѡ˿ջţѰҲޣӲͽ
ǼҰϵ꣬طһ˱¸徻Ժ䣬׵һǲһ˳ȥ˸ϸ翴˿ڣ˸Ԫҩ
ùǷӿ˿ʹõҲйоأ΢һͷȥշץҩϣһ룬˯һۣھЩ


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߹ս£ϱþ˺һӣ˳ϵҲײһгµģƹ񵽻޲ܵСź򣬺þƺòˮһӦȫ
Ъգ˼ٿɿڷˣԾǺתռ˿ڴӲѽι̣Ͳ˴һͰˮսźϴԡһϸɾѣŷһȦһϮѩг󣬴ϣмɷ֮ˮĻƼϲǲҡһɣʱӶҪ˳
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ԺɢԺӣǰյ壬ʵһ¶ˣ
һԲصƹ˵пŵӣڷ˼ҾԼƥ˽ףһһʢ£Ҫ˶Ľټϸӣɲֵúܡϱˣ˳ϵָ⼸ء
һҵڴפãȴ˵УЩеġ
ЦţҲȥոְա
ϰ֮޲ϲ¼һҲֽкãһ磬˱

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СĺѪҲΣȻǲģͷһƥƥȥͷҡͷмһˣ˼ƥȥģȴû񿥵Ļɫ΢΢ʧ
ռ󣬻δȬϰȦѾЩƣۣ۳ſƵбͷ弸ЦһЦתҲûʲôõģǰˣˣһұȥա
¼˲ʣȻ飬һ˱һ˹
ͷһƬ΢ЩȴƫƫǰͷƬҪЩļĴռĿطһʮƥͷ˩һľ׮ϣƷ಻һȺΧ࿴ƷѷЩȦһľդУ²мƥ
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ȥôֵһȴŭԼӺ˳õ
쿴˿ݣƤëԽԽĶſڱʣǮΣ
Ĺ±һԣЦӯӯкһ˿ͣһʣæתҾԲסλӣƥǲġ
һ˫ԼʼղĶϣʱһ£ƿЩȥǴ֮ˣǲ˩࿴
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ӣЩ㶼ȥĶˣȥŴֻ˵֪䣬һΪҲˡ
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ǹµļԼҶ˾ػ磬ԽҵּΧ֮ԽԽ࣬ǰүضңط˵ա
ԶԶԣӣĪҪˣȥ¥ա
ۿѽ磬һǧ˸ѣɷ˵קסֱ۱ߡ
£ȥǧһҾ¥

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Ƽ˷棬һЦ⼸궨Ȼò
ʣɻ𣿡
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ͣһͣЦǼ㶼Һǲģû˸ҿңãҹܲôһƬҵһֱ飬ֻڼҡ
˵꣬ĵװˣʣ⼸λǣ
طޣٰһƽЩҲ࣬ӶһˣԵЩҼˡ
ǧһһ˹˹֣򻳷磬ӣĵˣ
޹ؽҪı˵ǣȥðЩҩģڴ̻죬ƫɸпţȥ˹䣬뿴ϵƥġ
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֪ͼϲˣԸҡҡͷҼмƥһƥƯһʱˣǣؼȥҲҹ˵ƥҪֵģñȥ
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Խ˵ԽǲԸãֻ΢Цҡͷ
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һʣȥСסˣǧ֣ԶģʮҲ͵ˡǴ죬ݳϵҰһȥÿúܡ
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ݳɢƥһɨȥв°ƥֻţϦţе߸ţȦֻȮһԣӳһƬ£˵ʤգֳɵһͼԶֱĿһǻӵȥ
ǧһԣһָӣҼı߽磬ֻǾҼׯӻʮҽǰͷȥţ׼þƲ˸ϴǺͷ߾ͺá
ĿֻЩϣƬ̲ʡǧͬ˵ЦʵǲС˶ƥ
⻰ʵǧһЦһָͷ
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ˣ䣬ǧЦҡҡͷһƥ
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죬ڴ֮ǰ˵ݳʮǽһƥطҲʢġ
һָϻ˼࣬ҲӺ
ĿɰһСŮ̬ѰﻹƽֻǧЩڼҵϻڳ˵Ĺ򣬷нһʤݲñɣڻߣ̵ĻȫȥԼԼλã±ЩãЦһҼʱ˵ݳֻʮ﷽ԲˡҼׯӿͷ򲻹ʮԽׯһһҹҲҼȥԲǲݳǳؽ磬ٽɽƬǴԭ˷ҼҵˮݷֲȫȦԼҵͷϣôʢˡ
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ֳ庣Цƽ˵ͷʶֻ̧̣ܣ¿ɳ˰ա
˹һЦձǢ
Ĺ߻ԹɫԼǻ๫ˣʦֽȤΪԼڣҲȥ죬ֻһͷ

һ˵˵ЦЦţɫʱǵׯӸǰ
ׯǧ游ϣ˿ڶ࣬ӳԺ䣬ǺôһƬģ
ڽϵ߰ǽׯɸߵԺǽɴשɣʵأׯݼأ಻ϷĵŴľΣݸԳִء
ĵ˲ɫ´һ˴֮󾹲ѷȾɽׯ֮಻Ҳ˼־⡣
˴ǰ˳ʱׯѵ֪λ͵ϢŴ󳨣ܼһ͸վһţǧȥڳơү
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ǹܼһػһЦˣˡǰ˱ŻҺű㽫ϯͷ׼ãµ˹͡
ŻĸѾͷӵһλ˴Ժ˹
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ӲѾƣֲ˵ˣ˺в˼ȴܲסǧЦӯӯǰʵ÷棬ֻú˼ڡҲȴʮĳ𣬱ҾƣģиڻƵ¿ҿɼһߣȥʱζãȴ˵ʲôҲٺˡ
δɫͲǿǧҲǿһҰζ뻳粼ˣһ̸ЦҲΪһŮӣȴǲǿʶּͨԴǱϯֻˣһٷҲԵֵ𣬱

˱ڿԺ£һҹߣǼ˾ƵĵӸֱͷתѡ
һۣͷȻԾڱҸ˸ʵʧ񣬸æ£㲻Щ춯ͷŵ𣿡
ȥţǧϴõһͭˮϴգͶ
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ͷ赽һ룬ĲżҴҽ˷̣΢΢һǧ棬һ֣¿ɺã˷̣⼸Ҫ
ϲϲֳȥˡ


һһ

ǧһҪ֮꣬¶ǧ磬ðշŻȥ
ϺõƥׯӺͷţȥݳϳԲݣϷϻȦС
ʱͷʮƥڲݳŻرˣ廨졢࡭ëɫ죬ȴѵһǧԡ
ĺͳҲƥȴϽմ۸ƥƥǲѩԵļƷһʱ۾Ҳˣƥƥ
ׯӺͷĲݳΪʮƥ񿥣гɰǧڴ˷һҲǱ׳缲磬ʮƥһȣղҪѷһ˼һ˫ֻʮƥϴתСʱָһƥʵһƥ֣
ָһƥɫڣȫûһ˿ɫѩվһһԺڰ׾䣬һͷ߰ľ𣬶˵Ư쳣
ǧһЦӿƥͷǲСǴĺѪĸȴǵԴʳԣҵǰȥʱԴʳģͬѩͬĸãкΣǸѱĹҡ
˵һߡӵȵȣȥ㡣
֮ȻҲǷƷ±ܳԶǺߣȦһס˺ۼº󰲾һԱǰȡȫװװϣǣ˻ߡ
ǰԽУԽԽϲǰҴһȦǶֻƤëϸ󣬼ͣգͲסһ

Ǳһ˵ǿƣס죬תһС룬ȻڶƷջˣֲ˼֮⣬һ·ܵ־嵣˷ʼڴ֮С
ʮƥԶȽȥǶǺжӣѽްڲݳϳ۳һȦϼׯӣԶԶرׯǰʮһˮ򱱾ʿͷһᣬλǸƷȲСУξ
統´һһֱ˷򣬴ׯӺ˽ȥ׽סׯлʵׯǰʿ
רιʮƥԵģ¶꣬ʮϵ򼫵ҽΣ˵Ҳ˼ɣּǹ𣬱һһʮӲ֪򱱾뱱ཻսʱսļ󣬱ʱһֽǮһֽ˵£ƫ֪³ˣ˵ھɱ·תʹӷеãֱֱһ˽۾֮ɵﳭң򱱾˾ҲǻعΪ֮Ͳˣȴ⣬ӲҪһ˰ȥɢ׻Ҫ߳ɣܣһգ˵ٲⱾⲻ򱱾һڱҪǧƥĻֻٶõȴ˵ȥˣ£ǹˡ
Ҳñ˵ԾδǱİǲмƿڴ˭֪ⱱ·תʹǳ֪˼Сӣһ֮ѣǳ׼Ҵҵ󣬱ŷҪТЩӻжߺߣɲ֪ģֲǷ򱱾ɣ׬ǲȥιͷڡ
ǰЩ˲ΪԼȻһŪǰȴΪ򱱾
ĿȥԶۣЩֻ䣬ռ˱ˣּ汱ڶ࣬ȱʲôҲȱƥȴ޴ʱÿһƥս֮ףƥѷһٶಽеùһսʱɱ£ϰʱҲֱֱѭģ³ҼͷѬģǱ˳д˵ȵΣ֮򱱾
һˣüͷһ壬룬ǰԺȥ

ǰԺʱֵúܣܼҴżƽſڶµʵʵҾλүСʵҼҳڣֻһλС㣬ģŮʵпͽţүĪ֡
ͷУξɽӵĹܼĥߴƢʵӵʲôʱ
ܼЦҼҳȥʱܻص˵׼үɷģֻҪһСĶȻү֮£򲻸ҵүġ
УξҲɵӣĵӼǳԶţѵµһûµģš
淢ֿ֮
ϵǰԺʱıһ˵Ϥʱһ棬̽ͷֻУξƥϣɫθݣ滹˲ףͬƤûֻһ˫ӹԲһǸǵ
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һɺ죬ԭԶ׷칦ȴҲụָ̂ܽׯＸλ´һͨݺݵתͷ
էѣ֮һػϲ˼ԺǣƥΣŶԶнķ׷ȥ

ԶǷ˧֮ǰһӰιر߳ǳиʱŵԺһ٣˭֪׷Ѱ࣬ȴëҲûüѽ磬ǿڸＢꤣֻ÷ζըˣһ·ظϣСΨֱǨŭһͷ·˭ҿ
һ߳ʮ뿪һּ··ǶϷ򸾿һСС˶Щֲ貢ţ֮ࡣԶͣʱҲ˲òªʳֲڣǰ˽ȥһӣүѾⶼ
Ϸ򸾼ӿʮүＷһɫƣʱŻȥ˺һе±ʿŻع߶ȥβ跹ʱʮ̽ţ⡢ӺͲˮΡΡүСֻЩֲ裬ʵûþˮ
Զŭ̵ģĽ²˳ھҲȲš
ҪƿڴȴͷǻͷƣսսԼʱֱ˻ȥĵҸϹײ߭õʲô
һŴֲ裬ţ
һбʿҲǿ˴գʱҲǷ׷״Եһ룬дವһδӦѼһֻƳ̵ڶԶǰϣβϵŲ
һ±ͻȻ˽һʮʿʱ鵶֣мݵѳ嵽鿴תһȦûӰ
Զһüû˵ժϲչһּǳʲݣ֭Ҵдֻͣ
ں֣ǰ
գȴǻ˸ССӡ
ԶǴ䲻̩Ȼ˲ݣڵرվɫǾϲԻƬ̣ߡ
ʿԣ׷ʣȥĶ
ԶһʱϲΣʡһڱʿһתȥã¾ͻǼţߣϲˣ˭š
һ˵һЦһͷȥ


һһһ

ſδ֦ҶܣҲ󰭣ԶƥһСܣʱ㵽˲֮
ѽӱԵľϡЩҲЩʯͷһӴСʯϣŶԶһˣתЦҾ֪һ
߰δЦòȴһա
ԶֻһᣬҲʡֱ弸һѱסˣ磡
յû缹ǶЩۣҪԹ䣬ȴԶֻۿȻͨ죬ʱҪ˵ʲôһ٣Ҳֱ˻ȥ
ӵƬ̣ԶɿȥΪ׽סͷһʵ㲻ĻţǻţҲţҵ֪Ѷһ¡Щ궼ȥˣĲңһֱڱƬǰǰЧҲЩңĽ¶棬ƵֶΣҪֻŹҽкںֻӵҶȻΪ˭ͬЦ
ͲƵž˵һѣһҲ岻ȥֻЦ΢΢˵ˣŵ˵ġ
ԶƥͬԼĺϵһŶԶʯˡ
Զٲϲǲ⣬ʸס㽫ԼթһԼ˵ˣֻȥ֣֮ѧտȣҲֻһԼǾڲᣬĩ˵⼸طЩҩģ˳漸գ㣬һ·βˡ
ͣһͣĵ֪˲ͬҲף಻Ὣ࿴ֵһܵý֪һţŲΪѹ
⻰˵ԶĿȥʱứµһӿĨһЦҵ滶ϲúܡ
ǳԣЦ޼ɣ֮ʱһЦֱֵȥ߬ס˻һ˫֣סĶҵÿն˺ȥ㡣
粻ҡͷĪңֻ˵˵㣬Խţܵⱱˣ
¶˵ԶһЦɻǵҶ磿ͬǺͷ꣬䲻ˣҲûޣ˭֪ͷ·£ԼҲ˸²ϵЩն鲻ɣһŭ֮½˷ͬͷԽϺȥˡһͬ罻ãȻҪģٷȻҲһݹͣһߣҿɲϽǹȥƽˣ޳Īֲ˵Ҵʲôлʵ۾˾Ѻһȥɽңһʵеûˣָ̫Ӹ˻ʵָۣͬɰιؼսٽұ˸СУͱطˡ
˵üɫ裬ֻĿɿڴι־ЦԷǡ
ȥʲô
ԶϲЦտһʣʱüͷˡԭ򱱾ڴЩ棬պȥԽû˳ϢҲŭģ˭֪ݲµ治Ǻġ
̾򱱾˧˭ǻ۱磬֪֮ģǻ׹ݣΨֿҲܷڣô˲ٻأ֪ɱ˶ٱӣŴָξУξˣｫҲˡ⻹㣬ԽԽⲻĲҲ䵽ͷ
˵޺޺ԭҵģƫǹݱе̰īǰˣһʱû˽ƣӲǽҡⱱҲĸֻսָΣ˵ûȥҲݳˣǣ˭֪ڶҲûý»ȥ˲粻ôء
뵽ȥɫһ£Խü
ŪȥοĪҪżͬĳмֽ飬һȥͬ˵˵ܲҸ⡣֪λҲΪ㡣
һ٣˵ˣֵ⼽֪죬˳ģ·תʹҲиϵȥҲסһ˼Ҵ㽫Щȥ˧Ǹʲô˼һ˵ϸǲֵһǣǱһҲʹã˶ְֹٰԺ˳Ҳǣۡ
ԶһֱﾭЩƣ׹Եβ²˳ʱһĴȣ̵ģԭСүôʰ
һ§סҡ˼ҡֵܣͬǳн飿ң֪¼úܣ֮ڴղٲþã䲻Դɵڸ϶ʮҲǺģĺֺݣÿ̶վһ۶ţЩױͬҽãҲҵˮ
ݻۣĿ֮־ЦڴӦſģҶȻ뷨¡
һ룬ǻȻȥǡ
̸̸˵˵֪ѹ磬ԶһͷʱãʱǰϻسȥҪϲˡ
ŻҪߣ᲻û磬߬סʣסĪҪȥȴ㡣
΢Цͷǣ˹Զʡһ£׽ס֣㡭ɲҪͬ˵
˵۱磿
Զһ˲׹˵˭նõģթ¶֪֪֪֪û֪
ֻ±˼Ӧü֮ɴࡣ
֪ˣȴҲ˵ƣֻЦŵͷȥˡ

ŶԶӰվΣֻطŴ
ȣҰ뻳۴Ҵһ㼴룬ЩӰ֮ʣֲסǻ˼ֻټһ棬ɼֵ֮Σȴһͷ
أԶڼеĸֵΣ߹֮ĶʶϳǴ鷳ʹȥӴһ֮ʹ죬ҹ˼֮Ȼ˲ðޣҲ˼ãζֻһʹ͡ҵвߣһ꣬ԼǰѣӣٴǶԼǣŭʧպԹ
ǿǺ£˼ǰ󣬰Ҳޣ˼һŻ磬Ųȴ߳Ƿȥմ߳ѹɫһ׶סŲת˩ĵطǣ˺Σһӡ

صʱϣĵ˴ûЩǧǼҪһҰǣһɻȫ˳ȥѰң簲Ȼط˿ɰԹȥĶˣҲ˵һǵ㡣
һͷ󺹣ǸΣ˼ǻϲ֣Ҳնʲôȥֻһûп˲˵ûԣ㼱г
ðշǧˮûԡʱϲź򣬱ֻԡͰˮҪ˳ȥȴס
ǧ棬򱱾Уξǰ֪
ǧȻõģһһʮ˵ˣĩʵ
ԼϣҲͷУξֵܣ߰ûˣ˾ЧĲ¼֮ҪǰˣֵٲñҪܷѣֻͬɷҵӣǧƥ㲻֪˰ұЩǮ֮Կǡ


һһ  
δ˵꣬ǧֳǸȻ֮ɫҲ֪ǹӵֵܣɶеˡ
ͣһͣΪѵⱾҲʲô£ӼȻڣհ졣ֻǲ򱱾ȴ㶨µģȫǼ֪λȨأվһ鲼£ԹٶȻһʴα׾ȴҪأٲҪ֪ͬһ 
˵ֻ꣬ΪԼ֮ʣȥ˵ǹ֮УӦġ 
΢ЦﶨµĹأԭͷǣʲô㴦Ҳֱԣ취ǡ 
 
ѵУǧҵűȥһ˻磬ϲϲӣǴӦˣȥѡ׼ƥƥ׳ýйӵֵܽǮǡֻλֵܿڷЩĪҪĴͬȥ˵ǴҼ򵽵ģһ򣬻ֵܴȡǣĵҲЩ鷳
ԭŽжԶЩǮǣλʹ󷽣ȾһϲЩСȻڴӦȥ߳붨Զʱס
 
˽֮գŲڣһ򱱾ʿԼ֮
ˣҲ¶棬ڰףȥʱȴûŶԶӰӣµֻǸ丱ξһӱʿҲʶף԰߳ͷĸξλˣУξû
⸱ξţǶԶĸ֣ǰ˾˾ʾ֮ƥʱ𣬿㲻ӣصչһսҼҴ֮һΪ㣬ǰʴ˱㽫½¹١
ɫʱһ䣬˵ÿزأ
ǸһЩƤ⣬ǲصģȴ˵Ѫֲʹﲻ 
һֹػ֮ɫţξ淢²ǰ֮˱˾ʽ๫ҼҴʶǰҼҴ¹Եһλʽɷ˲£¹ٴл˵λѺһ˵Ŀɾ๫գ
ŶԶ֮ǣԷģ΢Ц֮ͣлֿԡ
һ룬ֵתҴˣˣ˺Ҳ١
ţξһ£Լ˾ȴԽ֮ӣƷУξλѲȥ̽Լ˾ҲͰˣ˾˺Ҳ߯ףִۣ⣺λ๫Ҳ֪Ǹʲôͷ
ȴ֪ǲǰȥ̽ųвپʶˡ
 
ʱǧƥϣǧӣǮǸξһɱʿȺ· 
תЪϢºȴȥ˯ţһǶԶƣҲ֪һǲдҽΣĪҪЩʲô󻼲źãһĥһսԶղҲ˲ᣬǻΪ˧۽֪ôķա
һʱһʱǸշתֱҹҲ˿˯⣬˺˼ΣȻڵһĵڴǣҲѣȥһƣҪȻ·á
˭ȴҲȥ룬һͷ˯
 
˼̣ιؾĶ࣬ݡơҩĵҲȱ˵ŶһѷƵ˶߳ս꣬䲻ʱ뾳͵ӣվ򱱾󲿾˹⣬վƳսʱǰսս߳䲻սǼ֣Ҳƿսǰ塣
ǣźڳŸһ߰˸ҪȥоƷϰų˾ƣسŵıʿִֻ㼴Уʲôŵɱ֮ǹһ̲ûôԿռֱˣ˼С˼ЦͬľƷϰ־ƺȡ 
еףԾοֵƬ̣˼˽ȥũǡЩʿһװ磬˼䣬˵Ѱףڰֱ˹ȥ
컹δֻּǧ桢ĵˣ˵ǵһˣ뵣ģ಻ظ棬˸˼ʮ·ڽ
ʱѽ磬˲٣ʿ߶ȡñסףһֻھͬʮǰҲ޶仯ƾżѰϵס£νȥιԼù緹Ŀ񣬴ɫȫϺۺڿ㣬ԿջĳоӪ˹ȥ 
 
Ǳ߹أһ˼ҹδˣС֮Уǽ߻Խ缹ɱܿѲӵļӱǽһƬӪ
ƬӪڳǱʮǰȲ޶仯м޶ѣƷ׸ߵͻֳСԺ䷿ݣҲǳģУξһõһƬһ䷿ 
Ӫбʿڲɱһߣ˼ʱδԺֻӻ͸Щ΢⡣ 
ԾܣǿƬȥֻһ䷿У٣Ⱦƶӡ
򱱾һξϣˣ˱һپǼСУҲǱ˷ŵ˼ѣʱҲɢˡ 
Ժ£߰˼ӣǰһһƷУξ۳ż˸ԳŻݣ㳯µļ̽ȥŵƻĿһۣѰﴲſһˣһͷҲ֪ߺԹЩʲôɲԴԶ
УξУһƷ˵õסԺһӣȴԺӰѽǣ뼸ݶ붨ԶⲻģҲǻչڲͬ
粻Զʱ˸磬Ҳûͷġ
룬Ժһǣǰۣ͵͵Ǳ룬̹㽫Ժ󣬻ϲϲݶԾ£ݺһȴƮƮԾС
 
ݣֻһգ۵Ĺ㵽˴ǰԶ䲻жһˣΪ֮ͽҪʣȴһЦӯӯҡ
˭Զֻõɴ˫ۣôˣ
һϲҪ 
æס𶯡 
ڴ£˵ˣ
˵ųԶޱȥ˴
٣ʲôÿ˿Ƥ⣬ҪҲˡ
һǡںϣбƬ¿Ƥ⣬˿ֱμ⣬ȥѪȴҩϲɴҲ󰭣ֻΪŻҩ㣬㲻Ͽӣô°ſţһƣֱðԶ̲סеԹҵڣֲСƨɣֵЩûСү˷硣
ϸϸҽûӻͳͭıƽͷԣֹѪ࣬ϺõҩҽҩʱϣܱЩҩǿ 
ֽӸҴʵˣЦⶼˣ㴰ֹصýĶʲô磬˿ֱ˵ˣʲô 
Ƴһ۱һ飬˵䲻Сƨȴʵạ̃ͦȥҲúܣֻ²ЩСĶ
˵û˵ƨžһ¡
Զһ죬Ҳû˵ʱˣϲ޿޲ɣپҲˣһñһץסѹ£ҵϷСүСүô㡣
һ˫ֳɻ½죬⿩֨


һһ  
Զϴˣ㲻ʹΨŪôһѹ棬һ˫Ű۸ 
͵͵ǱģԺסֲֹԶһˣòУȴ´Цţֻǵͨ죬һ洭סһ͵ģңʵܲסˡ 
ԶѲЩھȴòƵҪʱʧһλʱ飬׷ŹȻֻصʱ⣬Ҳ˲ˣޱߵһ룬ֻѹס˻סһ֣Сү˱ȥ
ţһŲ㼱ϸ˽
ԶֻǲܲˣЦģôˣ˭
δ䣬űһ˵ˣү
ƺţξ 
֨ѽһһŽ巿ΣŲһ٣α˵ء
 
ӳӣüĿŭǹͰŵԽԳɫһ˫ŴΣ£޶˶
Զٲڹ۶ϱײʱסֻõɴͬ˶Ͱ͵ү硭 
ǲ֪˵ʲôá 
ŵôľȻֻһ˲廳ɫùװ㣬бǼһ£һƣԶһͷƵڵأڴһţ֮ವһƴ
һʵۺ۽Ծ⣬ֻһƬӰҲѲȥ׷޴׷ˡ 
ĬƬ̣˫һУִӷŴ
һĻֻڵʯ֮䣬ͬ۸ļ֪˺£ֻһ춯Լү֪ľ͵⣬͸ķţּУξƨɴӵҴҳϣȴһʱѰϵסֻ˫˿ж䴥˴۵졣ױ;ڣһŤԽԵûŹ֡
 
۽Уֽһأסߣ⵽£ƤԶһǣĿֻ֮öԶͷЩҪϥһڵء
ҲԽӣϸǰĵͷƤֻƬ̣㲱һЦˣ
˵꣬͵ʡţξǻ򵽻̽ˣæֵĻһСˣ۵һˣ߯ⲻȥ
ۿƤЦӣԺоǷƨɽѹڴһĻֻ޲λܣͰΣѹסһǻŭ𣬴ǸһĨЦòɣ˱ܴһȣǸ˭ýܿͬ˵˵
˰ 
Զ˼һ⣺թô꣬ϲˣˣ綨ǽСĶϷ֮
һתںߵƽʶõһСĶûˣҵýӾ׷߹˳ϲͬᣬñˡ
м˱Ͳʲô£򱱾бһӪרΪʿй֮ã²˻СĶ˵Ӫⲻ˱˳ȥ˲Ǽ£ܱй¶ǿࡣ
Զԭü룬κ֪˽£ſڿӺܺŪȥȴôһ˵ķΣ֪ȻңȴͲסʻգŭЦԶ浱Ϲ˲ɣ
Цˣ֮׸˵սľ
˭֪ʵʵ˵Ҳˣǲ˵
һ٣ЦݣƵǻ׹ݣ˵ö˽̣ɽ߻ʵԶսɱ֮Ī˸Խӣֻһ˵սɳ˭ܲЩʲôʱųѶұ㲻һ̣ʱ׽ˣ֪ʲôȻܴ˳Ҳ˵˵
ƽξã񹫵Զ˵λȴϽռŻһʱɵڵأðλع˼˵ֶΣɸεԲĥȥöȥˣͷɥϳˣʲô 
۳סǺʱطģźδϸϸˡ
ѹ֮£ԶĶֻ½⼸վ˵ˡ
۾ţĬȻ 
Զ͵͵ɫԽƲò˵ȴβܿŻ򼺱ܣ֪䵽лл·һ磬֮ˣȥô꣬ʱپֽ·Ҳ޹ʡصأֻ֪ȱƴй¶ҲһƬķݶϣա 
˵˿ͷȥ 
ĳ⣬ͷ棬û±ĳһ࣬ǣ˴˲ЩѪ˿ 
ڻػŭδĿȴ䣬͵͵ա
Զҡͷ粻ұ㲻
΢΢һӣ㲻ȥȻگˡ
վһ߶Զϥǣţ޲ֵģ顣
Զ󾪣һ̧ͷɫתΪ棬ֺǺǷģǿʵ̫ˡ 
һֳֻסӣɿһߣ¶ƨǲһ򣬹ȻĵģȴĲõġ
һ٣ˡ
һʱӿ
°΢ָ̧һָԶȥݺݴ϶ʮ
һ²ĪԶͷԣϣô˵ʲôƾ޹ʵıҪң˧ɱȨգҲ뽲
üһ£֪鲻ȣ˧ں󣬻ʲô˵ƾ޹ĸ֡ 
ͣһͣһȣϳȥ򡣡
Զһֲܵһɱʿ粵ſڽرϵѹ˵ϡ
ﶯԺＸλͬѹһ߳鿴˶ԶлҪ֪ԡ붨Զõı飬˧ɫûſ־㶼˻ȥûһҳͷ֨ 
ôһĹױȡ˾ŶԶ˫ɴȥ۱һԶţױ붨Զ಻ҷˮֻܹμһ˿ڴڴȸϣȴǰҲ˽ء 
Զ˴ʹһȥʱ໵һҽУ۵ˢˢµҲ˲ˣУӺۣңһؾ˻ϣ㡣
۸ֶԾȻЦһЦƵ˧ټ
Զڲд겻ǵùҡ
ȴٿڳԣȻеײޣҧƬָ̣һȴѧˣùٻ£ֻԽߴﹾཫ˸飬ڳһ˶ãֻĪһͨ 
֪ԼȴҲټƽϣʮˣһﳤȥѸĶԶڵأְͬ˽̧ȥ
 
ӪֲݵĵһԾӪ̣˳һС
էۣһ˫ĿŵùǺ˼˳ʱֻʣԼ񷽽 
˼֮ڽ֮ǰǱ˧͵͵һۣʱˣȴûҲû˵һ䣬뵽Լη绢֪գʱ֣Ҫʹ˷תȥжԶڲ࣬Ʋ󷽱㣬һʱԥ
ҹ˾УƽʱҲ붨ԶֱۺǳΣյĿ̼ǵûɫ࣬رϤ˻ľǲԼ˶ģ˲㲻ٴɫȻУǺЦٰζͷһʱֻǰ.


һһ  
һѲӪ֮̽ӶԶ飬ײôһĻЩ÷Ҳըˣٹ˽ݺݴ˶ԶһٳȴҲû˼ȥѲ죬Ի˧ԺǰǣԸմԪʷвźе£ٶһӪʿס³ţϸ̲֮ˣŻ磬ʱҡ 
ǳһүڳ
һߣҲ𻰣תԺӡ
һ֮ȴȥסԺֻڶԺ绳ʱӻط㲻׼룬һԺһţǱǲҸ˽ѯֻͷȥá 
 
Ժӣȥ׻յԷû۱㽫ͨͷһԷǼ鷿
֮ѽʱȴ˿˯⣬ϴڰǰġ
ǰǳѪս˽ʿǧˣӪƴһ˲ʣơ͢ʵݾҪݡǧͷһʱһȥ˴룬۲žɬ
ʱ¹죬һƬţһ˿Ϣţ֪ģȴкһ޶˷һƬ̣ɢȥĿֻжһƱϢ೤ͻ
۵ͷȥסͷһ˿ϲ
ǱϢٿһͣʱ߳һ
̧ͷһۣڹ֮УƬֻ̺ګګ硣
 
ϲŭҲԣû㣬Ѱ޴վһԡ
﷢ãͲס˼͵븮Уż˸磬Ǳǳ⼸ҲǸ֮µģ˭֪˵¶ˣʱм˳ȴ۲ǷܿɱȱҪ˵ֺ֮ֲ֪Ӻ˵𣬴Ƕ˶ֵͷȥµĺͯͷɥȺ򳤱䡣
жٷ򣬻ѽ꣬±ӣ̧ͷʱģ 
͵һۣ͵͵ǰ󡣡
ǻ۽ŲñѴˡ
뵽Լзǲãһߣճ˰Ҳ˹ȥ 
һ죬ᣬǸˡ
ۿϺԼ˵űǲôˣŵֺһЦˣЩ˯գĪҪۻӡ 
СԣΪãϱҪ΢ЦԶһĻֽˣЦ㾹ҵģѵá
ŭ㲻ˣֻ
һ˫۾üãʪţﻹݣ˼Ǹλϲֺáһǻͷֻûۺһңǰ಻ס˹
 
ҹ˼֮˽ߣ̲סһᣬ硭
˼δڣһգɲǼͱۿ˼ϡ
һֻŪȥδɹƶ־ƨһۣǱӵϣڿУ۳Żۺѹ
£۶ȽŪöԷŵ֣ʱͷ³һ˺㽫۳ɢһ˫۶ݺˣȻƻص˵ǿƵǸϣʱһ̲ס磬𡭡
һẒ̇ۿŭЦôԶѵ·ҵѲˡ 
סؿڱȥӡ 
һˣڻؿǴˣ˿ŵӲ裬³Ƥ۱ֽôһһʹ⧲һʹг
۵һ˲ɫףٿȻֹס˶ƿ½¶һ˿ڣƤȻһ飬ЩѪ˿ʱɫһ䣬ҧ׷ʣʱ˵ģô˵
ڲô֣ǰգȥס˻磬˫ӡǴ˿ڣ˱ȥѪ˿²ݡ 
һϧ֮ɫ꣬ʱҲԹţأ˴ʹ٣ؿڴЩ飬һµģҲһϸ΢սֽرסۣ硭
ҧһҧ͵͵һЩұ㲻ˡ
һ̧ͷĿֻ翴Ϸգôãһںס˫ͷݷ˽ȥʱһ
 
ò˼һط꣬ɲһֱ˲ͣת˲յκϱ 
Ȼֳֹ֣ѳֲס˫ĿоƷ̹⣬˶ӵĶǣһ˫ֱצ½˺Ƭһһī鲼м䣬淢񡣡
ۿúһ٣һֻ˳߱쵽˫֮䡣
ֻһۣ̲סһһۣ۶ðȴఴֶԼˣһȣҲ˲˫һȦס˻ʡ
۵ǵּۣﻹ̵סҪһٹ룬żٵ˼£ǵĴɤеү˯ˣ
Ժӱǲ׼ýģδ㴳Ҫ飬Ųò˹أƽգ뵽㣬ǲãҲҪ˵ƫ˿ǽڹ۶ϣһʱסֻȥԾҪ롣۳ſ¶ǼӢ˼ǽүү
綼ѾסţĿ¶ɻ󡣡
˼ϣֻͣöһ
ƫǲʶ࣬δеүȷм
һ٣Բԣү̽ʵۼݱˣλʮӾ㡣ݳѷؾݣͬ㱻ةǲʹͬոɸ޾ɺãиʱʹ㵽ˡ
һͨ˵꣬ӱסƣһֻʣؿڻһһƬ̣ĥĥڷſվ 
 
վڴװһʱߣ˫΢жֱ翴ûëסӣһ涯һ氵ԼĵֲûĻŤŤš
ɵҪĿ£壬ȴ˵ʲôҲû⵨
ԼɸŶָڶҧгݵǸõѨӰϺã 
ǲĻһˣȥ
Ϣڶϣϱһ죬ס˻һֻ֣͵͵Ҳߣ 
ĬƬ̣¶Ц⣬ֱգתȥ
ѵȵüˣ۳˵˼䣬תۼԺӡ
Ժſ֮ϣƿǽ¹ҳ۵һѣˣش¡ 
һڵʱˣȻŲ˯Ȼۻ˰ʱ̲סǷ죬ƤһԺ˹ȥ
 
Ҳ֪˶ã֨ѽһ죬˽ӣµŻۣ˯Ҳһ־ѣһʱ˹۾һƹߵ˴ǰ 
硣 
ʱɫȻ΢أ۴һӦ㼱أǰʼĵ½ȥݿգʱö˶˵ڴϣһķʼض˽ӵ뻳С
Ϣ˯⾡ȥһֹס˻۲˿ɫʵǱʹ˵ 
˯ѣƤԾɬϻеͷѳĺӡִһ˿У±һȣͷǿѹȥģʱֳԭ֮ƣЦһգæҳԱ˵ 
һʱҪˣ
˺ʡԵѱѹ¡


һһ  
Сʤ»飬һ𽵹˴գĻΣȻ˳λ۰ֳٰ꣬ûʱ򣬲ɺģֻеɤӶ˲űŹʱ۵һָͷҲ̧ڻؿڣ˲˯ȥ
һֱ˯ڲѣδţȶԱȥһͨûϤŲ鲻ԸۣĻʹסһİֻԶ죬΢һ𣬾Ȼѽʱ֣һն˯˹ȥɳһ
ʱдˮ漴һƣ̽ſʪӣˣһЦߣۻˣ
һЦһ潫ʪڻϣϸ¿Ĩһ顣
Ҳ֪ȵĻģ˲ѹϷκ죬첻ֱ˳ؿ»ȥһ߬ס󣬼Լ
˵ȥӣȴ֮һֻ̧ۣ۽һЦͷֳɵˮҸһأǸϴһϴ 
ſͷʪģӻһˮǸոԡֻԼʱû˿춯ɼһʵ
Լϴ 
۵Ц𣬲һһۣǴطһʪǣѿʱһͣɺݺݵ˻һۡ
һдʮˣǻ۸ճ˶ٱȻ̲סѹȥˣͷһȣڴ˫۾ãس̾һǡ
һĥյ蹤ȥΨ´һ⣬ҧŲһ˿ڴ뿪գæٲϴˮҪˡ
ææƿµء 
ԡڴһ࣬ʣµİˮȣһԻһͰˮڣǲýվڵϣǻĿ⣬̵ֻƤҲҪˣűûȣಽ˹Ҩưˮϣˮ£ŷˮưһԣר־ؿԡ
Ŀ£ϴȥֽˮһĹĵ˵Լϴ绹վ 
޹ԼϴֲֶţվһվҲ𣿡
˵꣬Ц۾
޷촽ҧҧȴβҵϴ˽֮
۰⸱ּ־ӣŪȴٵȥˮˣֻ˼һȣҲöˣЩϴգȥûС
תȥˡ 
ɴ⣬ְ˽ŲϴһҴҳϵۣһ죬漴ײ֮ƹһһֻʳУж˳ˣȻ룬Ŀ΢¶Ȼƿϧû˳ԡͼϴ졣
ƽԳ֣˽ֻʱȴƻ˸ò˵ͽ಻Ϊ²ȴҲȲƤ񣬵ֻûͷŰڲˡ
 
ûԹʱѶͷȣȻûʲôθڣü˰׷ȥžֺܳ룬ͬһ˱ַѼԵ̹뾻 
һûгݣǴٷȥʱſ˭Ҳ˲˵һʱֻű֮ 
ֵ߸˳Ե߰˰ˣס˿ӣԺʰ˲иʣˣɻ˳ȥʱֶյ² 
ҹڵúˣδЪһ극ַҪϴȥţʳϽ˯ס˵ȳһյϾüʳ˯
ֻöһյϣһûһڵš
Цſ˿תȥ鰸֮һ顣
ڴ֮ĥһղùʱ²٣ԱʹһΪأ˵дܱ˰ӼУæݲ꾡ʱ˹򣬱ϸϸд³һۣȽ飬ϱãд꣬ǹȥ˴ʱһûȥЪϢʵĻȥ˯
˲裬ͷЩҲƷǰ˯æµǳֻһ߾ӣʱһЦ㡣
ֱյвȻˣůˮˮ鰸ʱƳǷۣҹһʵһ¿𣿡
ˬϢֱ˱һһקס˻ۣһȵûԼϣ§סЦʮа˾ˡ
ҲǵһθţԼһ˱ȦڻвÿвˣּѣҲ̫⣬¼ѣҲ㲻ٶˣڻؿڣλʮӳ΢ĸһ輧һҹҲƫӱıԶʤλֳþݳ»ģΪ̫ӣֻǰڼ곤ӵĸǿһֱö
һ˵ţһץ𻳷һְֻ档
ݳı֮ȻһӢԼʺѹסλֳԾ֮λΪյþ񴽫ĸ徫ⰧιǰݳѴǣƣƵƴ˼ҵףһƴ֮λӡһ༸˶㣬ƲȴбྫʮãټϾݳбȨλȲûĸ֮Ҳ˶ٶ˵ҪԼıԼĽòʧ⼸ΪẈ̂˰أԹصսϢֻ³ȡֲɵӣֻûеǮͬıһȣ֪ĸ㣬ϸæǲʹǰֻͣսһϢҪؿ߹ػˡ
˼ãȱ裬۽˲ԣ뵽սϨϲüңüܲȻǺõģҰģƽãϿɻݣ 
һǴ£̫ƽʢܱսݱõö࣬϶ϲӲʹ㲵ش飬˽й˰Щݺռʱˣһڶ
ͣһͣһƽ飬㡿Ҳ㵣ĵһرһ֮ĲνϣϼЩմãһӲʹ춼˲ǡ
֮·񵥣ֻͷ޲챦ʨӵҲͰˣѵһǧѩΣֻ·ҲҲڶʱһʵЩˣ 
Цô죬ҪȺʥּˣŻǲʹͬһͽȥ 
˱㲻 
ս½ϣѲдۣ۱㽫¸£һת׷ҵʣܵ
ϵ𣬰羫˵Ѳֱԣ㽫ΪѰҩһ˵ˣȻǸüԵĵطڲᣬ˵֮꾡ž滰һٻֱóһΪ棬署ɽ߲ͨЦŲһ䡸˽ضϡǵûĿҰϱһڣȻݣ§Żֱ۽ֽ
֮˵ˣμ˶Զν̽ˣɫѿԽԽͣɫЦͬԶͽˣһЩ˵ġ 
ګګʣûΪԶգ
ۼһĨЦŽǣȻĶȥҪлأΪʲô 
ûȥ


һһ  
Щ࣬㾲ʱ̣һʱо㶼һܰϲ
ǰ¼ף¼ãûⷬ˼ɣͷڻۼͷһһ䶼˹ϢĪɵ룺㳤þزɸжá
һףбһ˫ֻۣס
ͻһ۶첻Ĭ󱳣ͬӤһ㣬˰Σʵʱ
㻶ϲʱ̣ȴɷ羰֮£֪㲻ȥ಻Ըˣµͷѹҧҧ˳Ȼδ䣬һһԼҲһۣ˶٣ȴ֪ɼʵʵ˵ǣҾ 
Ƭ̣͵͵ҳ£ЩȥҡҲ֪ܴϼ졣 
ͣһ̧ͣͷϻ˫ۣ磬᲻¸ףҡҲ᲻㡣
ǰų±һپЩ䣬֮ȴһ˿ۣĬΣĿתΪһƬ㣬ĸڲԶΣʦֻһӣЩȥ˼ҷģҲӦõġ
ͨڵʱǿԵǳһգգĿǾɲţֻЦ΢΢Լһº벻ڿסһŽͰʵ㡭㲻𣿡
»ʵսս۱Щ΢ãŽԼҲ̲סһ֣վߣֻΪһĲΨʱʱ̼̿˲ŵðġĸң˲ڣʱ޿̲ңҲһϲ
˵ţס˫һ˱÷˿ȥͷסͷ̾Ҫ˵һ˫ĸ㸸ĸʦϣʵǽ֮ңٽǸӷ룬ݣңԲ֮뾹ȻܵĸԸ򸴺̰أֻҲҪȥ 
˵ԳһЦ˵᲻¸ףңֿ֪ر֮ȥ 
ʱǴˣһԲۼ»֮ҼȰ㣬Щȥңڽ֮䣬ȴһǵҪңֻǻϽ򱱾ʮʿңعϼ֮飬о֮壬ܸСʳ֬࣬ٺ»öԵ°գŮ˽塣ҽɼһ޿κΣкԹ㡣
һ˵üֺͰֳذ׵ܴһƬȴ֪յ֪˻ڣֻ޲÷ȥ˻Ǳս°ס˽ţֻҪһ粨Ψˣÿÿ˼ҹ׷£Խζ紦֮ѣҲ˵ТֵͷԸᣬһһƾ֮ټˣ˼żЧ˹һԼҲҪƳսɳʹ죬ǻ統ԸӴ˳ңʱһãԼĿѻļŴ㣬ǧȴֻ֪ƽϲ֣¼ֵá 
۱Ļ㣬ִǿҲΪŻһҡڲѵôϲ֮£ľȻʣͨ͸Ҳִ֮
Щ˼ʱŵò͸ֻԼۿһƬȣʹգ²סˮǿЦ磬ȵңװ֮Ȼ㡣ʱЩ߹ϽҲˣûϵ˭һҲزأҲҳȥ 
Ҳֹ٣֮󾿾Ǻʱʵңڵһ£֮ٲվһ˿ϲ۱ҲЦ˳Ȼ㡣
һ룬ֵ˵һ˧͢뱱ͣӴ˱߹ҲȻԶЩȴҲĺǣʱҵ˿գȥҲʹõģֻŲʦǡЧţ֯Ůһֻ֮һϦۣҲǺõġ
Ȼϲϲţݡ֣ȴһ㵣漴ɫЩӲȻ˵꣬Сʵ֪סڶݣ
ۿһЦ㵱շ̼Ͷǲһ·ȥǷ²Żظȥлһɽһ·β棬Ȼںδ 
˵赭дʵȴڷ븮ⶢ²ŵȵûţַ֮Ѿ˼װİ쵽˻͵Ľ֮ϣһ·Ⱦɽׯ˵˳ȻǿܸɣһҲ򻳷統ղŽ֪̽ڡ
˵ʦҵǸ̼ʵ֮ң֪ʳǣҲˡ 
һ룬˵Ҳ֣ʦʦȣҲһѧȴδͷֻˣҵĻȥԿѧ䣿
ǰ˵˸Լǿһ£±֪ԼҵϸȻׯȥЩƤëѣһ룬ǶʱһڵٹׯгĶ֮޿ֲ֮켣￴óΣȻ㵱Ѱ֮ˣȥа֮вʵҲûٽӹɱ˵Ƿƽ˾ǰ鿴Ҳ˿һ룬緽ŷתߵ˵游ʦཻĪ棬˸ȥѧ䣬ʱҲǿѣҼвҵȴἽ켣֣˸һѧɹңȻרĴҵϾȻҲͷˡ 
۲ⷬ˵ȫɣ֮˼תϣ˵²ţҵһ¡ 
üһʣҩʲôõģôҲ˵ף
˰ΣֻǲֻǲҿԼһֱֻ鵽˻£˵Ī̱ƹˡ
µıУۻû£Ⱦһ˵˵
ĥƬ̣µǲҩǹơ
һͷˮǲ⡸ơǺ⣬ֻϸϸ͵ӵķƳͬĹƣ¯ĵ˫ɶԣ˷ֱ£Ӵ˲ԶϵһˣһҲܻ 
Խ˵ԽͣҪ˵Ҳǽյ߷Ū˸ף˺ò 
ʱҲε䣬ϲֻ֮ȻΨѳɣͽȻ꣬Ͻξ棬һʱϲɵˣ˽סˣ֪˵Щʲô
񼤵־ЩյۣȻţٺͲסһ磬һЩҿ촭ˡ
ž첲һɣһϷɺ죬ɫˣؿڵʱһȣȥ 
ǧͫ˸£ۣλۿڴᱡǻ˫䵽Լڴϣɳݷһ


һһ һȻ࣬ǡƴϸ꣬ƻأ˺һ֮Уת۱֮ƣһֻÿۣת˲֮̽䣬Ҫ࣬ؽһһְֻϽס˶ڴѳе硣 
üϲ˵ģﻹ۵úܡ
հǲؿ
yuէȻֹסĵĲʣһϲų˶ٱģȷȻ㣬ۻ磬֪ʵԼڵùǺ㲻֪ǼٳһҹҲֻϢģһ̾ãҷŹȥ˵
ȥ˯գҿ⼸ıȥ㡣
ʱĻ˯⣬ڴ˴ҪһǻĻګګ˵һ䡸ҲЩáæ˻ۻϴȥ
߿һ۷תؾ֮ϣûļ۹
 
峿úϵŸӲӲ£µʱתȥſһ˫۾ЦԼֹסϷգһ٣ȴǵֲסǻĿ⣬˹ȥ 
һһԼϣȥһࡣ
˲ȥŽæҪȥѲӼذǰԣ˱ȥЪš
Цȥˡ 
ùǺ˼ӵģ˱ʻڴǰֻ޺ϣû־룬Ƥʱˡ
һգһ̬֮ҴѲ˼ط㼱ظϣ֮ǰ˸һűźûУֵ˼ζƫĲȵģйµȥ
ʳƽЩ۵ЩѾּǲ㹻ĸ˳ԣɺôˣԺ죬ȴҲȻ
 
һգвÿձǳԱ˯˯˳ԣԾҲˣűԹ䣬бҪ˵ԽԽʵģأ⼸ճԵò٣ûЩʱ졣
һ˵һסݺѣʵǰܼЩ⣬ñúܣԽˡ 
˵Сƽ̹֫ݣ˵˵Ưˣﻹ͵ס鰸֮ϣǿеʽһһʹŻ
 
Ժʵ׹ת۱㵽ϣڴشѥӴɿڼϣס˻һֻӣ磬ƥλڵҲ֪޼ǺòιҷĲ£ȥһ˳һҽǰֻһŶ̼㣬⼸ûȥ֪Щ¼ʲô
δ䣬һѥֻһֻͣס˶Ƭ̣عͷ𣿡 
һ٣ǳǳһЦǵùȥգոƢθá
Цů㣬ȴڲסһĨѹᡣ
һֻĿֱĿȥһȻ֮һǻۣӺ§ס˻ۣϣҲȥûԾɻģһſɺã
˻һ˫ʱӹһʣЦã
໳ͷʲôԸȥ
ǰֻһ˵Ĳ࣬˼㱼ǰȥڴһ 
 
һĥЩ˳ŵʱ۴ҴҳԺӣǣĹͻʡһ£æ˻ǹԸеǶлˡ
⼸չߵһ˻ųţҪǲżæȥһ 
Ǿҵҵڳſڶ˼죬ֹûӰӣͬòƵҲûһ￴ϴˣʱջسʱһҲʣæǼһ˻ 
һͨڵĹ򣬻Ĵ˧˳˿ջҽιǾģ귿ǮֶӣƹĹǰӺ͵⣬˳ȥ 
 
νձƵûţһǱŹٵ㼲ʱܷԣԽԽ죬ֱղסţƼֿȡ
ϣľһӭ۳гԣĵǰҲٺȴһƥ¸Ҳû񿥣ϻȥҪҲһ
㼲֮£ʮ·ת˲Ŵ̧죬ͷδƶ٣ֻȥСʱźγףԽϲ
죬һ˿Ҳޣ⺣ļǧҲǵǲѣʱŵļׯæӿ
ȥĶˣүʧȥ˺üա
ɻˣǼ˿ɶ켱ˡ
ӣѰ˵ׯء
 
ҺлҲδУֱ˴ӵŽԺӣƼıż׺Уżһ׹ׯ˳ȥʵҩĿɶ͵ˣ
㶼͵ˣٸҩá
򻳷ںжһλö֮õӱ㽫ٸʾ֡ 
˵ҩްһɣıһʱ־Ƶô 
 
ı߰˸ӹһһٸһδ飬ʮֵģǰӦ׷µ֪Ǳ뱱࣬òУҹͬٸһݱϡ;ƽʱͬʦɸϵ¸ǣû˵һ£ֻ˵ڴЩϡҩݣЩŻأ˽²ͬٸʵٸݷ̳̳ͬһӦ»˼Ҳû٣򱱾׽ȥҵó̳ڴ˲ߣŲ˼գ֪ڴţѰֳȥˣֻڴ˽סֱȵա 
˵³һüµʵϲֻǸٸƽţ·ȥ˼ҲýλӰġ
ǳ̳ǰݷ̳һ¶˺ô棬ıͷ¼ݷ̳̳±ƣ·ջ׵ܽһ·
»ȥ𣬾һشŻ·
ϲͬ˵һţȴвƣգ۱룬顣
Ź˼ĿӣŨ罺ᣬ֪ܳأҲܶۼգֻ¸ǰŲǲˣһ뵽ϻԼʱĿ⣬ЦŴӦԼʱĳǣ⣺ҽܻȥɲ֪жѹʧ
Ŀڵʱһۡ 
±ƺı˾Ըȥ̣Ƭ̣ȴػ겻㣬ɺԺﴫŲһ˽еӣҪ𣿡
ѶҴҸǧ档
ڲݳ鿴ƥׯر˵ӻˣæ»
类һʻЩ־ګګǰ
ǧһգıһڴ˵ȺļǣҲ֪縮ж£ҲֻʵӼʱ߹أ
۽һӹһĨ֮ɫ漴ЦЦպÿˣһ
ǧֳЩϲɫպ߹أһҪ͡
Ȼ



һһ  
һӦ£תͷȥԸһڵʰװɢȥֻʣǧԼѹǧ棬мҪ£һ
ǧɫأһŽҲѹɤӵ˵ʲôǧ±Ӧģõһ֣ۺ£ӾܷԸǧģȻ쵽 
Ծο˼Ƭ̣߳һˣȥ˧Ҹ˽ң֮ԼòʳԶʣǧĪҪҵ
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վԼҹӣֻһ㣬а⣺Ҽҹӵı£ʶһ׹ʲôϡ 
˲ƽ糣ʣֻһ仰𣿡
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ҡͷûˡ 
ǧһظӷģϡ
˵űҪţһֱקס֪֪ٲɽб֪
ǧɺ빫¶ȻæͷӦֺֻ߳ͷӣǺͬͶԵǧûʲôТ߰ա
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ǧǰѽͿһ֪˽㣬˿ǧУֹһݺǣ͵ʮ֮⣬Ŀһ϶ȥ
 
⼽ݷ̳̳򱻳͢ŪǱʵȴǸܸͨˣȻһ·ϰŵʮְף۴⻹ס꣬޲ڵϢúã·Ǿͷʮ㣬±㵽ƽ⡣
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ӹ߱һֽȴʮϽˮһգˮֳһİףǿɳ㣬һ糾͵ĳƸϿѰӣ޵ա
̰ⴺģͲϲУϣһ˳˳˳ǡ 
 
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±Ƶȴ·ƹׯ棬ԱһӣԽֱԺ
֮شȴܲסԩµԺԺлС԰һ貣ۣɫһԺӣټˣ˽죬˫۾㶼˹
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ıе֪ܴ٣ɸιأ常ڲ࣬Ϊģֻװ£ıӭ鲢ҹҹĵ²㾡ȥϲֹ֮࣬סɤ
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Сѵˣʵѹ֮Ա粵׵ŭϣΪԼĵǣҶǣǸΣֳԼʹɫʱ⣬գһգۣǹɵôˣԺٲˣΰա
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ƢԣܾܣɾɲؿףλɩӲ𣿡
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ĪһЦʦŮƷû˵òҲǹȥָߣ᲻á 
ͣһͣЦͻرΪӹ˹ָ
۾һյǰ׵ͬɩӶӣһͿز˵ȴӦɩ£ʵ޹⣬ô˼㡣
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˵ŮӺˬ󣬵ŷδױıĿҲ޽Уֻզ࣬㶲׷ʣڶأ
ҡҡͷֻ˵һ˵ʲôʱ뵽ʲôʱ˵
һ٣ĿĨ֮ɫдŷֻ֮ʣ档۸ڶļֶεĹﵹܽס
˵Цп˻磬ɩȸ֮磬ȴƽŮǰģƼ֮صɽ飬ĸһ㣬ҲֻŮӣŵĸ 
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ҿңȻлǮԻὫ·ϲóﱸ׵²٣ȵݽϻΣһ·˴ң˻ڡ˵ۼﾫݻ¼ＰϾǣɳʱպһӭʱʦּҸλѣɩãʹõġ
ǼڶҪĥ˵׽Լھжסգôһ˵аϲǸãҲûƽˣʳ»ǰˣ¥˵飬ûĲǲҪĴȥйˣˡ
ִһͽ븸Ӷȥ緹˽δȥιϰŸ׽˻ 
 
һոۣϯ˼㷹֮ʣ罫򿪣¶ĻƤƵָǰ磬ҴмȣûԻʲôöŻƤȥȨĺ񣬸ɩӡͲʲôģҲǵܵһ⡣
һһĨ˵Ȼ˲Ϣ֮㼴ɫ糣Цŵգ˼ҡ
ǰƤëỬȴܴ̣վûԵ֡
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һƣлֵܡ
һ 
 
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»ǰմᣬİվ㣬־ۼˣԵȵһֶַǷ
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Ȼ֮࣬СŮٳһ飬¥һ̽ͷһֻϰ棬ӣҲ˵ãðһӾųѲ˾ոϵֵԣһ
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ӳ˲˰죬߾ҲûĨӰüͷʧ䣬˼ƥϼףǽУ֮һƤƣ˱ǰһһעɿժߣһ˵ȥ
ϼһǻСͷȴʯƶһ£ģ́ͷŭӣһ̽ףʱһ¶һ˿ϲ
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ǻƿײͷˣ־ݣֻҸںͷУүү
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ԶֽʱһˣֻĿɿڴûع޵һ 
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Զµõ˼ץȥϾƲˣ߳Աߵ
ܵģֻ֪ｫԶ
Ǳʹֺزǰۼٻȥˣֻ˸ʹ»·ϣЩӷܵ 
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һ ԣʧѼʡͬһ֮Убķָϲ
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Զʱǣ緹ԣŻ緢㶣ư㽫̲˵һɨգ˸ƤʣںδţᵽҸȥסҲһۡϻؼҴææҲû˵ϼ䡣 
ϻΣֺ޺޽һ˵ˡ
ʮھΣǸԶڵ𣬻ƨƵããҲ֪îûУ빬ɾˡ
ͷ壬һһ漱ҴҵҸۡͷһңһҪ
ʣסĶҿô㣿
ס˵֪æȥͷԻ㡣
Զ׷϶飬Ҳ׷ʣֻ۱Ȼ֪㻹ţ˵Ϊ㣬ϾǾǣҲ׼ſһǱǧĪ˿ݡ
İһůͷģʡá
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ڴʮ꣬һһľϤĪ˵·ƵǽԾ԰Уᳵ·رܹҹѾͷӣɽӺӵԺ
۹ΪõڴӣΪ黳磬һֱƫԺ»ѲڸУð˹λתһȦֻڷŽԺСҲûУʵ˳ӵģ͵ʡڱ߹˧еס»ȻһԼɾһԺӣԺŴСˣһգæȥΣ룬Ƶǽ˽һأϢվƬ̣ԺвƿԼɾӷţ롣 
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˧ϯǱһĳ佫ǰ׾ȴ٣ǲȶЩֱ˵ʹ뾩һ£ùʱѾŨŨȸԸһظ㿿ڳ˹ȥֱʱѣŵԺǰ
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ƿһ̤ԺӣֹԺţ΢ĵؽӡ
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һ˵꣬˷˯Ǿǻϲص磿
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סҪΪƺۻסȷɣһ»ϲþҲˣһĶʲôͷһͱȥ
˲ٹ𣬿Ǿ㣬һ೤ֻ׵ûҲȻʱһţѹϡ 
 
˴ʡԣ֣Բ
 
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۴Ƿֱһǰϸ壬
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УС˽ԡͰˮ뿪Ͱϴδϴ£Ҳ˽ 
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籾ֶһأԼɵֲסֶΣ˵ñҪʱʱȷȻֻǰæһҷϴǰ棬ϴϴȴһ˿˴ʡԣ֣Բ 


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֪ԩһÿڣÿ㣬Ѱˡ
һ룬ֵˣҶȻýġ
˵仰ĹЩۻɿֱۣ΢΢һЦȥա
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Ųһ٣ѻҺҹ˯ţԳȥУɢ˲Ż 
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һЦ׹գûһù۵ġ
һ٣ûǻûҲȥһ
ûأֻȥ˯緹ʱٽ㡣
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ӰûţջĿ⣬ȻһЦ
 
һߣڴվƬֻ̣ȥϲߡ
ƣȴĵ˯˿ȥһˬ´ЬʱԽ΢Цͣ˷⵽ԺŴԸѾͷȥʰӡ
߷̵һѾͷĸ⻹Ӷһʣµģ˾̫ϸѡԤշõģʴ˸òˣּʶɫӽѣﲻٴɫ̫ԸЦź򣬱ܵûۣиҲǺõġ
ͷи뻭ģ˼磬룬ͷȴûᣬӵүū澷ͷ 
ϸµؽͷһ٣Ҫڣ۵ţشʲӡ
뻭ǹڣЦǸãүжûڼˣū澴ȥ̫гԵĲˡ̫յ֪ؾϲʲôƵأͬү˵仰ƫŻأ̫Ȳ˯ˣһūǹȥ˵˱Ÿͬһء 
ĸףһĸЩΪʱַ겻ãϾĸδҲЩģ˵ͷţòĸ׸ǰТѵûؼһΣԵ 
뻭ԼȥϲҪ˵ֻۻģһѾͷƷʫѽⱻӴôģǽϴϵûɹ͸˭Ĵ죬ôҲЩҲүǾԵÿģ˯ʪҲܡ
뻭̵±죬⻰֪ƷʫǼԼүǰɣ̼ңЦȴһ̬֮ȵعôᣬصıϵģûϴͷˣĪϳžʪء
Ʒʫﱻ죬ա
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Ƕ˵۾ȥ֪ô£ȴҲ˵ֻɨһۣȥϴˣױĽա
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˵մҳһױ±ϣһ׳ԺӣſֵС˱߷ȥһ·һ·ʣ˭̵үޣ
Сʮ꣬үߴѾͷʣȻ˵үԺʱǲ˸ŵģö߲Ҳû˷ȥĶ˷̰ޣĪǺͿˡ
뻭һüʱû˸˽ȥǱʱ˽ȥҲδ֪
ͷҡò˹ƣ㲻֪غҹүûȥˣֵƫӲˣ˼ٻؼȥ˰գŸֵ࣬λ㣬ֻүҪˮϴ裬ҺϲԡͰˮȥ
뻭°벻Ȼֻðʣӱȥ߷Լ̫Ժ 
 
۳Ժӣ鷿Ƭ̣ݽĽҪˣѾͷ룬լ 
̫סڸƫԺѾͷػ˵ţһƲˣϺһӽ˼Ҳæһ涼Ĳס
˰漴ЦЩҪ񵢸ˣĸ׾õȣǶӵĲˡ
̫Թ䣬ᵱ֣ˣԸѾͷϯֻǲ˶һӣмѲˣ̫Ҫ˶ȥʳϲ󽲾ǲ˻µģµˣһҲһ´죬ôԼҲˣαط¡ 
һ񶡳ˡ 
̫ŰˣѾͷˣĸô˼ڣ̫ҶѵΪмͬ 
ǴȰؼ¹ŽУҲϴСˣܲһֱȢһ˵ٰ£˵عϾĶŮ˽飬Щʣ׳ĸһ㣬ȴҲޣֳ⣬⸮ֻһĺòߡ 
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δţԭθڼõģʱȴƸ˸ȣһ±µܣȴֲ÷ֻܰãκ̫Щѿøְ֮ĸʣͲ÷꣬ԶǶ䣬лĸ׺⣬Ȣ֮¶жᣬ㲻ĸײˡ



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δ䣬̫ɫˮһۣʲôжᣬŮ½ԴӸĸ֮⣬Ϊ㲻ϲһϣӣֻǰҪˣôУȥ̫ͬ˵ָܰΪ
۴ŭԸĸӷĿֻӵ֮ˣʵԸȢӹ֬׷ۣĸ£ĪҪҡ 
̫Ц֮˭ҴƣȵùЩŹ㣬ҲȢš 
ȴƬ̣ĬȻԽðɣôҲŮϲ̨棬ҽ֪˭ô 
ʢŭ֮һָŻ۱㵱ҲԺǵ¶һ֪ĶʶЩ¾ĻɫʹЩֶνģ۴ػ죬ɣҲ֪ǷˣҲֵǣǽģΪôҲ˲ˡ 
̱֮ⷬʵԹ֮ڣǵһӵѾͷ͸˵˳һ治̶ֻѵ 
ʱʱǿ̲ţĸ漰磬ٰڮ٣˽ԼеζͨȥٰסһǻŭɨӹһѾͷƳĸʹͷ뻭Ŀһ٣˲һ䡣
̫ɫݣһʣͬӺǰۿԼʱʮ֣ʱʮԹһԶ㵹أੲݺٶŤԭ̼дڣһʹҲҳ
۴ʱѵθڣϯֻĬȻĸ֮ʣȴǲа⣺ֲø׵겻ԸԺ
̫Ϣͣһͨá̲ã¿ĸãӻ£һ 
ȥ 
 
һԺ۱˽ʵһӪױˣ
ڱ߹ս˲ص򱱾ѡһ׳ҳ֮ʿṇ̀ܽԤպʹԵ˴±㼫ģʱæϾгҲѧȫˣүҪһ𣿡
ҡҡͷ£Ȼŵù
ͣһͣձ㽫˶һԺӣδҴ˭׼̤һ̫һ
ɫˡ 
ǼټŭɫȾ﷢ͷһ䣬ǣ֮£ʶǺԵɣͷһͣӦǡ
ֽܼԸźҵСѾͷͳͳԴ˺Ժɨ̾ױ̫𣬱˵
⸮̫Ϊ𣬿˵׷ӣ֮˵ǻۣܼݾѰ죬Ҳֻһͷ亹ظ 
 
һӦ£۱ˣ鷿￴飬䣬ùűԺӣʱŴ˿Լԣ˺ڰɫӣ¶ײ֡
˵ȵݺһƷԹһ̧ͷ̽ԴĿƽΨһ˫ӨƼ硣
߽ʱҲЩ֮ͣ棬˾ȻܱܹǱԺѧɼһߣǴ֮̿ʱ䱸ȴһ˫ӣŻױãɲɫΨ˫Ŀӵɨ˫ӣһ
Ŀ֮£ֻ˳Լ΢΢һЦ磡
黶ƮȻԽ 
һüһڵվǾɲУһĨ¿鱡£¶Լһյ
һգ 
ۼЦյǰǾǺЦ׽סǼ£ϻذɸͷҿҲװģЩϡŹֵĶҾҲһ֮ͨĽʿϴĿԶ
һЦҴλҵģھǱˡ
ʡ⾩ְطգӹһ˿ۣºⶫãʱҪϸˡ 
õġ 
˵䣬Ժ⴫ģȥؽŴס˻һֻ֣ҪϴȴŤŤ϶üͷԹô£û۵ýء 
һ֮ЦԷǣݺݵһۣ㵱ɫжô
һ٣ȥ˵ܱɰͰ
֪ԼˣһЦֵܹôĴμ治Ƕֶŵģżôһ˵Ҷˡ
ƤЦ˵˵鶯ȻʱǸƤӣЩѼټ̬ʱӿһ飬ƾʱȥͷֲһ֣ߵЬһϣӹԭ˯һӣҲоͬ˵˭֪һȥ׵£ֱæʱŵûݣָæ㣬һվҲûմһմ
Ҫף 
һʡǴҴһ棬΢棬Ȣ˭ҹ⾩ʿ𣿡
簵룺ʦŮһ´齭ܹùү˭Ҳ
ҡҡͷʵʵ˵ŮҲϵõģǶʦҵ
ۻصͬŷȥһֱ׮£˵ŷŮɵ˵ͷʦλʦüǲͬǰ䡣
˵ڱһ࣬һЦس˯ 
ѣԼҲ
ӣʵұ㣬ӻʰôЩˣûô䶯Ϊ 
֪ԭδǻ۵˼ҪֱȥлȴЩ飬룬ֻת˸ȥ̡ 
һִϣһЦ֮Ȼһֱʰˣ㽻Ѿͷȥֻԭ׼䶯Ҳˡ
üţ̶󾪣Բʵ̲ˣʱûģ
һ㵣漴ӦЦĶȥˣ굽ˣȥʲôûеġ 
Цˣֵ޵ıܹܼҵֶӣ˶ڳҹŸǼׯӣǹȥ 
һ˵òһЦҡ
ҳ̵ģЩ飬ȴδеܰʱ˯˼Ƿȴǿͬ˵᲻þʹ˯ȥ
ۼƤɬͣסͷһգ˱˯ʲô˵Ҳһ 
ǺŻ۾ 
ԼȴǰЪ˵ģ̰˯ݣһʱֻ㡣
 
죬˾ҹ㼴룬͵͵ͨȻƣ޲檲͵ȴǱһŨߵͷ˭ҲȥձǷ֮ʱֻÿһÿֻԧ첻֮
һգǷŻأһɱ㼴ͬһùŮмרķıīիͷīǼõģȿдֿҩȥһߺͬ˵һţҲ̣һ
ۿ쵽ڣһ֣֮ɻͷһֱֻһȺˣǰͷģϰۣ򱧻̧֮϶˺񣬿һϰټ֪֮࣬ǾļȨµƸ񡣡
ʱ˱Ͳ٣֮£פۿϾ֮ɫкµıָָ˼ԽӵųЩǰЩҶȢϱԶûɡ 
˵˵λ򱱾˴󹦣ʥ裬ŷָָ飬ƸϼҵλС㡣ݴλǳĶׯ磬㴫ңƸ񲻵
վһԣþǶԶƸԼؾδȥҹīŲһת


һ  
մǼʯɫӣһѰ磬ֲۣǰһվŷļ۱㲻࿴ֻ˵ӲڣԴǼʮ
ֺֺЦȲҹѵǻסҲɡ
תҪߣһԶԶرһͷСŹǶԶһƽ֯ϼ쳤ۣĵҲüǳŲŻء
վм䣬쵽ǰҲãִֻվšŷļۼһ˹߿ߣ
䣬㵱ͷһӣֻԼڵشһȺϹ۵ģСүĿҲҺ䡣 
꣬عͷʻ磬ô
ֵͬЩūһʶ
ס˻ֱߡ
Ǽٲͬ죬ҲֻðԼ۽ʶһЦ 
Ҳգ΢΢һЦͬԶǲʶңҲûʲô
˼粢ȥ 
 
ԶլǻʵͣҲ͵ģ⣬ֲȢף˴ҲûԺԺֱ֣֮㽫ȥԼ鷿һűڼҵü죬ֻţųȥһˣǻ磬Ҫ˹ȥ
⼸˼ڰԺȥǽսϿһƸĻǵԶ֣ԼҲ˼Ц⼸¶࣬æˣյ˿ղŵù 
һ֣ҪȢˣһ׮£Ҫͬϲˡ
˵£Զһ죬ڲƤٺЦͬϲͬϲ
Щɵӡ 
̬֪ǼϲµģȤ˵С㼫ڵģС޸ǳ 
ʱиѾͷ˲㣬ͬԼӼģɶ࿴ۣüתֹḡ紹۲һڣѾͷ£⸮Ҳ˹ιˣΪ˽μҼϣҵС㶨ҲǼҵģУﵱƽɢ 
䣬Զݺݵ˵ͷСǳ͵ܸɣλúãҪô̫Ҫָ۱ΪأǱ۽ִ߯ⲻȢֵõ 
һЦ̫Сǡײˣҵʱ룬Ҳ֪˭иȢ˶˵ΪԤģѹ˼գǰսȥ˵Ȣףұûͣλ
⸱ӣ籾ȡЦһȴЦ͵ʵ̫Ҫ硭ָ飿 
Զûû֮ˣڻϲУ￴óǰȥ˶ȢˣֻЩ·æŵˣεʤ̫ΪѡС㣬ʷƽҵС㣬ٹС㣬гֲСڱѡ֮УǾĹ㣬καһҲûϣͳͳؾȥ˵̫ˣ̫Ҳء 
ǻϲɬĿһƣƿʯѹͷϢҲ˳붨Զ˻ӣȴĲɴʣǶԶĳ裬ҲЩôˣ£ 
һ㶣һĨЦͻʡмҪû죬ˣ˵ֻø㡣 
Զʧüͷһ壬ʲôҪԹ˷ȥ𣿡
һʮֱ̬Ҳöֻõһڱ£ھһҪ 
һ㵣ղƸ±ҪȢ𣿡
ԶͷǺЦҹζ࣬˶ЩȢؼĺãҷűȥڣĥ˰ΣӦˡ
ƢԣǸӣϲʲôҪһ߬ŵðģȻһЦǳȥ 
 
ȥת֣ңңֻſͣżһửڣϹһȨ֮ҵĹСãſͣһһѾͷ͸Ƴһۼװ֪ǸһȵĴѾͷһԽʻ˽ȥ
Ųһ٣վסˣ˰ΣҲֻһܣȭͷͷߡ
 
ҹʱ֣ϵ˼Σϸϸģʹڴžģһķҡ 
ҲڷõģֱȵʱһʱͣԽ꣬ʱʱһ۴⣬涯ֻ̫󣬻ʪȥ㲻ˣһһ˵ȵʱ꾹СȥֹƬֻ̣ʣģü۷չƿӣŴһƬʪһˬ
յԺмǰµһҶƬ䣬֦ѽССӣδʱ򣬶ֻ࣬һĨɫƿˣȴûƴС
ߵԺժ£ݺˮϴɾϡ
洫ģ֨ѽһ¶
ۺЦҪһƳȴüͷ˸ʪҲʪģƸմˮһֻЦݱšˣüȥôҲͣٹ
Խһԣ⣬ֻæŰϸɾѣȥҽӲˮգͷֻǰǰ겻ģǰֻҲûǰǹӻԼôģﲻʹ죿 
罫ͷƬ̣ʵ磬ʲôʱȢף
ٰѹ֣˫ס¶Щ־塣
۳һͻȻ˼һתʣȢ𣿡
ͷһᣬֱӣƬ̺عͷЦһЦТ޺Ϊ󣬸ȢɩӣܸСֶֶŮȻǺõġ
۶ЦݰΣһԲǰĿ£Ц촽һ͵͵ɩӣ㲻ˡ
ίɬ 
һ뵽ЩԼԴᣬղŵüҲһأ۽üʱ˿Ц⣬붺磬һǿ򶨵̬ʱֲˣ§ס㲻ϲұ㲻Ȣ
ЦЦһ˫߬ý㲻Ȣޣ̫ͻﶼ˵ȥ
ʵ֮˵ǰ̫ɻҲᡣ
ҼǰѺ̫ͬ˵ˣⱲӲȢӲҪңұ˼ȥ 
ԲţɵǴ£Ϊǻֲ㣬̫ҲǲܴӦġ 
һЦ˵ˣ̫Ǹܼ䲻ӦɿҲһ 
Ժϸϸ͸ӸλȻͬ˫ͬһ棬׵òףȴ޴Ȩ֮ݣܲܲ¼رԵö衣ȢޣµƽӹãԿɽȨչУþǿɣȨһʱջأƫⰲ봢ȴѸһ㣬˵ȥȴٲƽģ쳤վãǻҴˣֻҲȫ޷̫˼ǼԶ벻Щ¼ҲȢޣãȴϲңֻ»ĶЩⰲҲ֮޴棬ŵ÷ġ


һ  
Щ֮ԣˣȻһϸӴĦȴ֪˵ľȢĻռŵ̲סʵǽսС˭
ոͱֶֻ̫Ůܰһ֪ʵ˭ɺôȥĸӲԼλһԲ裬һãüԼǳζԵǲʱɢЦлصұãĸûɵһˡ 
ͣһͣЦſס˻磬˭ҲȢֻܰķŵȥ
ЦǴֱЦûڣԼһġ̯Ƥ£ѿûţ첻ˡ
ֹˣɵϣʡʣͻȻ£
˿Ŷ裬˿鶼ɳһһʮԶ˵ָ̫ġ
˵̲סһѣƳŻۣ˵Щ㶼Ǽõġ
˽һֻԶǸֳһٱӣ׻գٺҲȲ㡣 
û˫̲סҼǵֻϲӣʱҲϲˡ
Բ۾粵ͷһͣס˫ڴ
 
԰Уľިݺתһܽޡһ䵭ͦڱ̺Ҷ֮䣬һ֮ɫ 
֮ͤУʯϰ̣ڰ֮ɱѽѷ֣ʥӺǬһԣΣһӣĲԸȢˣ
ֻܹͤԪźţһڹŮ̫඼վԶԶģ۱Ҳܻ䣬ֱԵϵ֪΢⣬ʣ
ᵭȴ˿תء
Ǭõ飬Գơ΢в֮⣬ֻÿЦ˵ˣңҲˣֻҪ֮λҲǺõģ⳯Ұ£йŮ˼ҶŰĸ֮λһŮҲޣδҲ̫˵ȥ
۲Ϊһọ̈סһЦҼȲȢҪ˵ӵܻѵȱһ浣ģպӻһĹҲˡ
ǬȰһ֮̾£ʵ浽ʮ֣Щʱʲֻ˵Ե޷ݣ֪ҲȻֻգתĸֽǰߣּܰ㣬ǲӦģûʺ˵˵Ȱߣĸȥ̫Уּ̫ܲǲϸݡ
̫ǬͷۣƣӿЦȴɫӶǱϵ̫ΪԼ䣬ĪҪȵóּ񡣡
ۼʤ㣬ǬԽ֣Ҳ֪ܰѾͷ벻ۣ̫಻׮£Ȼóٳٲʡ 
վհգҲߣ̫һˣôȰĸģܲȢ֮ȵߣʮȺף޵ı߹ػҪҪˡ
¶ЩЦ⣬һ񣬡лϡ
 
۸ˣǬ̫ٹһţһʣ֪̫ߣ㲻׼˸ֻͨӲ͵͵˺һŮȥ̫˵ǧĪҪӦԼվǰڷŵһܵǶٱͷ̫̫ͬ˵
һֻ̫ੲݣһ̫һԹӲТʵһͷ̫ԣ̵֮ãǰͷһѵ⣬ӣµǻۣТվܽԸԭͽԸţˮǿͷܸȥǿȢܰҲͷ᲻ٽǰ㣬ĳң㣬ڱ߹زǹֶŸյˡ 
̫㼲ɫǬǳһűֵ̫죬ҲˣͼȥգôţǣֻһӣղΪĸȥ 
̫ò̧ͷίί̫һۣٲҶԣɹ˳ȥ
һߣ̫һƳ磬ա
һʱǬԺ˳ĸ󡣡
ʱй˶²Ǭֽӹ̫ǰĸȰ˵ĸȻŻ¶ҪߣӿɾһԱߴˡ
̫ǳ죬Ҳˣӹһڣ²յŻĪ˵۲⣬ǰףû󣬰಻ܴӦȥ
ǬһЦܰĸĵֶŮĸƽҲǳмӵģķ
̫̾һ۲òȷǳģֻһƢãǸ˳ɷģǶŮｿˣݲ˵ģԻݣҪϹأȢ׼ҪЩ֮Ϊûǵȶѱլͣűĸһ㣬ִ֪£治˵Ҫһѻ¡
Ǭ֪ǽ类аһ£ȻͬϾ̫ҵ棬ֻ˵۵֮£ҲδȫĸĲǣǻǰ񷨣ĸеĲ֮⡣ 
̫һЦʲôޣ嵱մĽȷǽʳ繩ҲеģȴʼղڱԷҲûͰĸˣƫݲ£Ҫ˼ҶӣŪвŮŮĻýͷĸֿԣȵλ˳װױ˱ˡ㣬ǻҲĶӣͷֳôһ׮¡ 
·֮ʱǬʮͣϸ֦ĩڲ֪ϸ̫һ˵飬˺֮ġ 
ĸ⻰Ӻ˵ô˵Ĳһ
̫һۣʱŶ֪ˡ
ĸ͸˵˵ҲöõЩ
̫Ʒ費꣬һˣЩǳ֥ùӵ¶ˣҲûʲôýģϼǰұ˵˵
һ٣˵ĸҲǰһģƫۣ游ĸЩߵһӡ屾ǲϲµģκ游ּòȢˡ˻ûñֵòɿ԰ȥ鷿˯ͬҲԸˡҿĸһ±У»Ȼó谮λûȵԸĸԣҲˣ뱱˼̣פжӣλĸģ岻ڣ谮һղŪС߸´̥ŪûˡԺʦس֮ͬһóĸҲĸйȥһ䣬Ҳ˲ٹ䡣Ҳ游ʱڣ˼˼ңȵ۱㽫ѹĸѵ⣬ԺҲ˭֪ãԽ䱾ҹŮӱûһһаŮģŪټֻһ硣
ӽϴŮӻԲڱԷҲˣô˽꣬©˵ĸһٳ֡״浽ȵ۸ǰ˵ޡȵ۽ʻֻ˵Ůжǳ檣ţҲȥ飬֪ŮĽȻ˸ӳֻĳ輧Ǻ˽Ҳ㲻ʲôŴļûӷ£οǻʼңƣôû˴ǰȥ˺ӳҲ·ŰңװŲ֪ҲͰˣȥҲʲôƫĸסӲǽŪǺӡܵձ빬״˵ǺҪĸȥҲĸЩ겻֪ŪðõĸͲһ˵׶ӣȴգ۳˷ˣû˼ҸûѹȥʱּȦĸȥֵּԷ̽ӣĸ˵ĽŮʶ壬˳Żͷ˵ҪӭΪȵ۱ˣָӴ磬˸ʱ游ѾûˣҼҲȴǰĸλ˵ϾͷˣŪðҲһǣճȵռŷ֪ܲߵһ


һ  
һʱ֮ʱ󹬱ͲȣּҰ䣬в̤λ˭Ҳ˵̫˵ٿסڣ̲סһ̾
Ǭڰֻôţڵչȴ£ǵʱÿСָʻģ̾ļ£Ŀ΢
ռѣ̫˻񣬽ŵ籾Ѫǲˣĸܵѵ⣬ƫһҧ±޺ӵ˭ҲȲĸʱԹ˲Ͼ˵ֻÿĸ֡ԺգӭĽţΪƫһֱǸŮӣĽлҼˣȷǸׯŵģֵҪȢΪĽ嵭ģ㣬һƣȴҲλϲüͷţʲô˳ĵ¶ѹʱֻʹϧӣҲûѰ˼ֱ֪粻Ѫһ룬ܾ©ʲô㽫ڱԷźڼ๬һ顣ʱ꣬Щֻţһһʮ˵ˣҲ֪ڱԷĽ徹Ǵδͬ 
仰ʵǴǬϣɰһ
̫ҡͷ̾һ˼Ľģ˺ӣֻմȾķԵ˭ҲġĽ㲻ͬҲû˾֡ȷǰ˳˵û˽飬Ī˵Щ˲ţǰҵˣҲǲŵġ鵹ǲ٣ȴһԸЩĽѹûټޣֻ˻ΪӣּҲˣޣ⾾Щʱ۾֮ĸһ벻Ҳֻýʹա 
˵ţЦ㿴ĸɵЩ£ؿЩǳôһˣƽ׺Լʮ겻˵Ūø˻ң涼ˡһĸͬķݶϣҲù
Ǭϰﻹأզ֮಻̾Ľͻ޹֮ 
ֻ˵һ㼴סڣЦſ̫󡣡
ڹְĺΪӺ˻գ
֪Īĸ̫лЦΣҺγ֪ǺԩûţֻϾǻʼѪСʼǴҼסģɱƽڿڣûĵ˵ðұǳ֮Ǻӵ׽˰ʮĻʲĸӲҲܿȫʬҲûСʹңȵĸӣһҲûĺ³ֻ±֮ѸӲ磬ȥ˵ĸɾ 
Ǭ֪ĸ˵òһĬȻ
̫˵˰죬Ȼǿţʱǳף¶һ˿ݣǺȥ󣬰ҲܣÿնǰμһذףϲϲһʲĸǺӴƣ˹Ҳְҡ
ͣܵ죬Щ㱣Ǭ˵ȰĸҲǲѶΪ֪֮µģĸǧ򲻿ģӣǶӵĲˣû¶Щʲôûĸܡ
һ뽫Իŵ¶˵Ȼһ˼⣬ûгڣֺֻȰ˰Σں̫ΪЦŸ˳ٹţҪȥ̫ӿҵԪһСŹ˸ǰϣʹе򣬺ճʱұɵ־񲿼λһ˰ķݣʻɷ׵ 
ǬŲһ٣ºδ
š 
鷿ޡ 
ǡ 
ȥ 
ǡ 
һתȥ鷿 
 
һ峿ųѲ˾ǲѲ½һ·óʱʹһкƺƵ˾ 
֮ϣ˴αƷ֮˱Ҳڶ࣬ʹ֮ʹһ·ͷþаվΧۡ
Ⱥ֮УʹһнķݷŻתׯһţ㱻׽еʲôʰãվȥ
һ죿
һۣ⺢ӣĪǹͿˣǹ˶磬ٲ߿ɾӭˡ 
ʡھסһ£ɲԼͬ˻죬ӶȥһΣ֮࣬ΪԸʹȥ漴ʡʹһ£ææͬһȥ׷ǡ
ǡʱһ˲ƽЦʣΪʲôүһ·񲻱㵱ʲôַֿȥ 
籾ǣ㲻ͬ˵˱㲻Ӧʣֻúг
˵αʹǰͣƷǷͷжǧѩΣ亱Уº䲻³ϣٵĹЧȴǲٵģѩ£֮˲εȸҩŪһ֧Ӵкô
ǲ²òˣһãԭΪһ׮£ƽЦ⵹׮Ҫ£ҲΪƳг̡Ǳʹ߾Ӵȥ˶ߣպ·󡣡
ɲС 
ҡͷһڱ󣬶ȻϼӷΪ֮ãֲ˵һھжʧʹȻ볯֪͢ʱ˾֪ڶģʵǴ棬˵ճҲῪѰҲһڴ˴ãǵȱʹߵ˹ƷһӦﶼ˻ʹڿź֡ʱڹˣʲôʲôֵ˵Ҷ˺Ϊʧ棬͢¶Ȼţֻ˽ϸϸãʱҽѩҩϣ˭뵽ʲô֪ȥźá
˵÷һڴܲģң֪һȻƥ⾩治÷ȫͬ뱱ʱգһ˼㼴ӦˣҲãԼСľǡׯ»ƶõӣǵãʱ֣ǼɣͬձһԼг̣ĪҪ˻ؼҵӡ 
ͣһֵͣعǿһͣѱǶ࣬޲ɢҳžͺܺãûѩްģ˴ܵȻǺã͵ҲûʲôֻƽƽؼҾǡ
ţӦǡ
ЦģҶȻȫˣ˻ؼִĶ 
Ѷ಻˵ʲô˼СĵĻְѷһŰա 
ձҪ͸̣һ㲻͵밲ֻдŶ̼ãѰ˸СؤǮȥǵУǼŷƤһ֣õתۣԼ˲ׯæһ·֮
 
գҡıһͬݣһ·͵ˮϣۼԶȥŴ 
һڲ࣬ѵõĲĵسǺԶ˺Цһͨ 
㷹֮ʣԶסҵ֪ҳϢ»ϲǰŽһȥּ⣬ҳףҪһȥԽˣպټֲ֪ʲôʱ 
˸У漴뵽Խ֮طȾǸЩԼպǰȥԽ棬ﲢûʶԼ˼淴ףֻϲ


һ  
һûȥҹɫ٣ݣɫۣׯֱ
˼ʲʱ߶Ƶڻ԰֮еһ֮Խ˻СԺһŴ󿪣еƻλεģӳ鰸Ļۣ˼ʲôüͷšɫݣģ˾޶˶һ
硣 
ֱ죬һ͵̧ͷ˫Ŀһƾ⣬Ƽ˴޽ɰľϲĪһ㵣ⲻһδĿԼ㻶ϲ
ɺۣ֮첽߽Ҫ˵ȴۼ׽סԼֱۣҵһա 
ټĽǼ٣ǹⲻȥҪûȻڣѼ̫ӺжΣڵϦҽȻ޲ߣϿͬҽȥǧ뷨Ӿһȡ 
һжô£
ͬϸ˵ԭɣߴ㲻˵˻ߣ·ͬ˵ 
ſڣԺ漸ױȵ
Ժ֮˶ãȴ䲻Ÿ߳ɶһ£Ӧȥˣʱ˱ԯʮױǰţ۵糸ʻȥ 
 
˲Ҳһ·ûſֱۣŽҪط˵̫ӽ糿κ˼׸⣬ûñͷηźĹŮû˯ã£˭֪һ˯±ûѹʱæȥ̫ҽҽż÷Ӻ˵жͬԺ̫ҽسһʣµİȥˣʲôҲ鲻ι㣬ȴ˰׶ǡ̫ҽԺ߰˸ҽڶæ˰ҲҲⶾֻ֮ȹ˸ʲ̶ȥ˲εס±޷ˡʺǼûȥһأұڹͬһţа취ŻȺ򡣡
ԽԽס֣֪˭µĶ
ֻСϷյͷųӵһһ𣬻Ƶƹӳɫ̫Ƣθ⼸ʳһӵҽ˾ʣȴ˵Ǹ㲻ģֻ̫ԤĵǰٺһˮΪŵļҲ˵͵û׸֮ź̫ӵļŮȴ˵ýһ׸⣬ûʲôˮ 
ɫŷ࣬ڶ֮ڶֽţ
һЦʹЩŮûãź̫ӱīһŮˣ˫סذĿڣηԾֻذüʱķһ򣬾һŮ̵ܴýȥġ 
ͣһֵͣǹŮԭźӺŵģһꡣ
ת̽ʵ㻳ǶΪ޻߹
˫һֱߣƬ̺̹ʮˣ̫ģ¾Ҿ̿ʣһָϹܲˮ̫ĸ̫޵̽ҽ˴̣ĸסҧԾˣ˽ӹзһСƿĩø̫ҽȴ˭ҲʶˮèȻ˯ȥñ˸ɾ
˵ŴӻͳһֽҴƿеЩ㿴ϵá
ӹյ˵ƻǰϸһСĩɫӨףű߷ƵģҲʲôֻõƻһ㷢Щ㣬¾һǿ꼻ĻۣԻ֮Ч˻˯òɶãҪ˯ȥҲѲ⻨ֻڳܵü˭ܰŪ
̧ȥֻۣ˫Ŀ⣬ˣͳﵱڳ
ʱʡһ䣬ֵֻŮΪӺ֮ĸ
һ䣬ڵʱһƬš
֮ԹűһΪңΪǾ֮λ֮ʤ̫Ϊʺճǳӣʥ죬޴˻ʺ֮޵ӣһ̫ʣĸ̫֮Ļֳñ㼴زۣ۳۹󣬶ӺΪǼδĲ֮ѡȨƸмܲȡ
˳ңòٹ֮ôһ£ǰ˾Ųʮ뵽֮ٲһȷѪ꣬ݣĬȻ
ʱʻţͳһƣһغ򣬳ֱʻȥƬ̲ͣʱ㵽˶ſڣ˳ӣֱ빬š
 
˿̵ۺڶ֮Уȳ࣬£ſڱɽͳԪ԰أԭǻξᶽʱһְΪǽ˾Ÿ˽಻ұ㼴Уʵүλǣ
۳ǱΪ̫εҽȥ֪
Ԫҵæǲȥˣʱ´ҴұأϿͣŶ˽ȥ
ⶫǳģһשһ߽Ϥ֣֮ʵΣһпۼ쵽ԪѿԳĵŴͷһĨӰǰæͷȥ¶Щ 
Ǭڶдһգۼ̣ϲŭ˹һˮ˻۽ֻ΢΢һͷ
ϣ΢һλҽҽڽΪ˳Ƶҽ޲ߣΪ̫Ρ 
Ǭ֪ͨλҽ빬бһ˿ϣۼں֮ᣬְŰ
ۿǣǰһ͵͵ϣҽͨǰ涾Ǿ֮ҽΣҷҽƿзĩֻһ۱㿴˳ݾеĿ꼻ۣзӽⶾһԡ
Ǭáݡ֣±һɣãһԡ
ƽյҽΪ̫Ρ
繪һ񣬡ǡ 
ܹԪŽ޵
ֻʣþˣǬһ֮ɫ˵ǶԳݣ
ʱ֪뵽δ˵ͷһһֻ״ɸлǬִ򵽵ҵ÷顣 
ۼŭ֮ӷȰϢŭδҲδ֪
ǬһЦ֪˵ĸ빬ǰںδ
һݣѲݣ
Ǭڵⲽ磬Լз꣬תȦٿͣסҧгݵԭв־Ҿıׯмǰͨ˲̫࣬ջСƹܹūļūˡ
ˣһƬֻ̣ǬֵΧס㴫ּȥҡ 
ͣһͣ۾塣
 
޵֮Уʺڴߣһסһֻ֣һ̷һڹŮ绻˻ʺ֮ˣϢ߰˸̫ҽһԣ˽֪̫ʧԼҲᣬȻɫ 
һ̤޵ĿССȥ
뾩ʱСֶֻ̼꣬ǵԲϲԼˣɵǸӢ꣬ɫɷף˫Ŀգĸ׿ȴʼ֪޾ؿڻһһҪΪǾʬ 
ֶϲ̴֮꣬棬ʱߵǰһֿס̽һԸȡ
ٿȻȫףʺһǸ˴ˡ
ԪȫҲһҽΣҲҴţֻȥʺ߶Ｘ䣬ݡ 
˵ǰҽʺˮ֮ץŸݣΡΡŮվóλã۾һգգضŻһһ


һ  
Ԫָӣһ̫ҽ˲æµедģƾնֵʮֲţڹ۶˭Ҷԡ
ӹ룬ٻѨ£Сַͥ磬ʮѨ̼䲼룬ִָָ֣ݺһѪֻѪɫϣ˵޹졣 
һȥյ蹦򣬱Ƥһзšһ
ãʱżЩ΢Ӧʺ״֮Щʹʧ¾˴Σס˿ڱǷסȴֹסһ๬Ůϡ
סָ֣ѪŻһֻ֣ʩΪּһС̲Ѫʱ˫΢΢ſỽһۡ
һʺ̲ס˹ڴظӿŻҵĻʶ
״õһԣԪȡֽ
Ѫʱ̫ҽһַ֪ҽǵУʱӲţܹܷԸѼæ뵽һԳϱī
һ˼дҩдҲ˿ֻʣ˵ʹһǧѩΣ¿ȡó𣿡
Ԫƹܹȹ֮ǰϻ̫ף֮ãʱҩ˼㲻רֻСʣҽѩҩ 
΢һͷ̫ӻԹã˲ҩ񣬵֮Ϊ꼻ۣȣ˲֮巴Ϊѩºͣҩٺò
˵ʱʺ֪оȣĪ˵ѩΣԼҲԸ±һʲôȥȡҽ
ԪһӦһʣҽѩֻüǮػҪ֧У
籾֧ڲԪСģ׵֣һ˼⣬üͷΪѵ̫Ӷอһ֧ܼЧ
Ǳ߻ʺԪٳٲȥȻŭҪãǣʲôٳȥ̫ĸ
Ԫʺ󷢻ŻŻȥˡ
̫ѣʺ֪оȣҲƷǰ״йŮеǰʵ̫ȫҽ֣ҽⶾȥøɾ̫պûУ
ʺǵ̫ιʮ֮䣬ʢ֮ʱ㷽ſգ˫Ŀף಻ʧɫ 
λɩɩ༫õģ磬οʺģ̫֮ǣرµ֮ϰ£պ 
ͣһֵ̫ͣӹ֮࣬鸣죬պƽһ
⼸ϣʺһȻа΢Цףлҽԡ
תͷԸ߹ˣȥϣ̫ˡ
ֽŮȡʹ 
ںЩ֮ֻһҰףż뾩ǣ£֮ܰʩԮְˣ֮ͣ˺ʵҵ
ʺǫѷԽϲ
ʱԪȡѩι
ǲװڽ֮Уһ򿪣һѩа߳Σȫɫѩ˲β޶¡ 
һ֧һ࣬аأּǲȻϸ°ϲȴɫһ֧㹻ˣǷӼϺҩĳҩ¯塣
Žӽ̫ҽԺԺسΡ
λ̫ҽʱͶأ㶼ΧͷֻЩѰҩģѩΣ֮Խ棬ⶾ֮ЧŽɣҩԽƽͣʹ޲侫Ҳëһ飬Ժ˷á
ȥѡҩġ 
̫ҽԺ翴һ飬˵ͷֵҼҩ֮˲֮أ뱸һ䣬ˣҼҩԻỽˡ
˵ʲôʺӦʲôʱԸհ졣
Ԫæһӣҩ¯˻ȥԼſغ
ʱϲһͬ޵ȥ̫ӣѹʤϲֿοۺ䣬֪ڼҩѰ
Ԫǰǻǰǰ񣬼æүʹãҽ˵ҩ֮˲֮أܽ˿ȥ˭á
һɺ漴ֲҽˣҲ͵ѧȥʲô
˵˽ȥֽŽϡ
 
һԭΪ̫Ԥˮõģ¯ӹֳɣҩޣҩڣ㽫֧ѩϵӳӽȥͷżҲ̧ͷһЦİգްˡ 
һ˵һֳһŽʣµһ֧ѩӹˣ
ۿ˫΢У
գһգۣ޹ҩ֧Ҳ͹ˣµĸҲãҺôЩҲΪǡ
۶ʱЦԷǣҪʱֱǣʱ˳ 
һЦ˵ģʱ˵˳ϲʣɲӣ˵Ǹģٸȥ˭ָĳˡ
ͣһͣ뵽г¸õŽɭϣ汣׼ײϲӵͷ࣬ʱ¶ڶʵĻ⣬ѩóͲ֮УֺЦ˵ĺǣЩҵˣ㰲Ҳ鲻סҴ˳ȥգ˭Ҳ㡣 
⸱ӣӺֺЦݺݹӣʡϴҲ֪βοסֻݺһɣȴҲûн֮Ӳó
˵֪Ӧˣ뵽ױõѩΣǻϲϱֵɫ 
 
˵䣬ҩˣ絹һֻУ˳Ԫҩˡ
۸ͷһЦֻϸȻ֮ɫһ޵֮УйŮӹҩ֭ι̫ӷ¡ 
ʱҩЧ̫Ѳή̬֮ڽֻẰϲûʺ§סһšǻϻϲֹס˴ẉ̂ʻ̫ӿܽʳ𣿡 
̫ӲѣóԵ̫壬Щ嵭ˮʹõġ
⻰ǬԪԸгӵⶫڲˮ¯ȥš 
꣬򻳷磬ζҽȣ̫ӷܱҽк֮ֱԡ 
ʺ˵𻳷ȴʹһ£˼ȽˣƢԶȻˣ䲻ϲư֮ȴ˵ͼ̫ӵĹ£ҪЩģ֮ʢԼ֮𣬵Ҳ͵дһʡ
̫˹֮ϵ֮ΪգԵΪҳԾΪͶ 
һԴ֮ＸҪЦƶƤǰֻ±ҪЦסףҲɳ˼顣 
ǬȴԴãĿΪһͷҽ˵ȴǲܲлġ
һ룬̷Ը䣬̱ȥʱһֻ߼Ľ˿ľ򿪸ӣ¶һ׶ʮ鼮
˱ҽҩ䣬عŽҩ֣鷽ǧ࣬ͳֻ׫ףһҽҽ档
֮ҩʵ֣֮ƽϻ⣬´ϲлƴ֮ 
˿̫ȻްǬ崦ã۴ɫԾ޵дǵõҩһԪ


һ  
УǬ΢һ֣β̹Ů˳ȥֻʮյӳټãҹȴһ˿ȶȣյ⡣
ǬãʱȴҲ޿ɱЩ⣬˼ʲˣҲǿţ͵͵һи㣬ֻȴЩ֡
һ룬סڲݡ
һ⵱һйأ㲻ѯʣֻţãǬ˵ȥȻھһӦ˵ҲѺ䣬ֻʣԶڳݣ޵İּϼղŵҲģΨӺ޺Ϊѡ
˵¶һ˿Ц൱ΪˣֻҺ¾ڹУĸΪʺбн٣㲻ȥҲٲС֮ͽİ⺢ӣݲƽ
Ǭ̫֮λǾᴢ֮촢֮λһ¶ɵһʵұ飬ϾԼ֮٣Ҫʹ˽⺢вٰ̣˼֮£ò㣬۵֪ڽһĶʾɣвʵ֮ˣѰŵù˼ң⺢ΪȣӴоƽƽİհա 
Ӻֻ䣬ڹмΣдʴӱֺãʱͽ˼ڴӼǳ谮᲻ýжȥѧԿ࣬Ҳδ£ʱʵ֮⣬رԼʱһ£еϧ⺢ӴӱۣҼϲģӹµ˼ҸδϧȥȣʦΪ˳Ϻܺ 
ɡ 
δ˵㱻ǬϣڵмȦ͵פ㵱걻ȣͬţȴϾ֮ûмȴǷΪˣ޳ͷ֮գԴϻۣѧһգĸ֮Ļޣ˭֪պ󻹻кη粨һ˾֪㽫ȥҲѱ˿ߣֻӵù֮٣㲻һ㡣 
ٿȻѣһ
һǣˣұѰƽ˼ң
Ǭŵ˵ͷ˴˺ڹȺ򣬴Աų˽㣬Ľͳȥӽ֮ϵ޺֡
뵽Ӵټǽסһۣ˫Ŀ¶ֳʹ
⼸ͬʥּ죬ۿһۣ۹򵹣ּ
Ǭ޷Ը˳ȥ
ڵȺ򲻶ʱҲѿҩҲ˵Яֱߡ
˲ųǬ޵ȥ
̫ӳԹ෹ѰͬʺС˵ɻʡ
Ǭ˸ͷʶΣ
лʹذҽҩѾõöˡ
ͣһͣʣʿ֪λҽգպټл
ۺ˷ֻ˹Ķ˭Ҳûϣһʱ
Ǭʵһ㶣ЦʵˣģãʱȥҲһ
˵գҽɤϤ뷽ݣȴμǲ 
ɻݼţͬʺһԸˣ̫Ȼް˫˫ת޹ȥ
 
ɫأ˶ͬһϳݣԸ򣬡Աųȥ
±һԲ 
翴£ҲȥһƬУĳ˹Ǳš
ڹеã˿̱ҹʱ֣ƽգ³ˣ¿رŵļ˻ϿͣűԿţʻ˳ȥϡ
˱ûʵʲôˣ
ӱͣ 
һƳ˳ȥ³ǰͷȥ
粻֪ʲô֣뵽ʼܣǲ֪ĺãԹţ˲ȴ˫ֻסһˣſǻоһССֻͯϽ˼ȴϺù񣬽һ˫ССͷģЬϸ׺һСָͷ飬˵󣬺ͯü㣬ƻһ˫üͦǣһ֮࣬ȴԲѵڻۻУССȴü۽ǴüһƬʪǸոտ޹ 
һ⺢˭
ѹӺ
ʹţһʱ£ϡ⵱ڣһȺŶѰӵųݻתС 
У۽֮˵ˣֻû簵̾Ϣˣʵ⺢ŵͳȥȴǰ
üһСֶˣֻȷһޣȥ
ҡһҡͷ»ûá
˵䣬غӷһʣССʲôجΣ˼ְֱ˶һ 
һһѿסţһ⺢˾ţǲȣҩס˲˯
ϸݣֵʱʲô㿴ﶼġ
˵ȥͷһ֮¾ȵ֣ʱãǾ֮˷磬ȻˣЩҩ˿ɾ²ˡ
һͷȥž׺̫ЩϢ٣æбţԸٿЩ
һ·ۻظ 
 
˸ţںϣͷֽڵʵʵͬ籧˵ֱԺõԼС
ݱѰֽīҴдһ걧ķӣлȥҩҩú£ֽȡһ̳þ֭úֽţֱæʱȶˣųһ 
˼Ѳʱ翴˿ҹɫü⺢ܾȣ֢գܲó̵轫ЩӲźߡ
һʱľ֣һǣемźͯ͸ԭڷܵĹϣһȥׯסʱѰֻ⵱ڶֽҺδȥѰҽĴ򣬱ѰˣҲҪй˷
ǧйģ㣬ʱҲЩŻţ֪ϽеԼϣиʧʵѽɽšüͷڷдת
缫ټΪѣ뾡취Ϊǣ˼һûŵùĴ򣬲ȴߡס徻ֲۣûõӲδκ⺢ӵĲҲѰ֮ٽͻǡ
ٿפ㣬㲻ͬʦһסţ㱧ӻȥɷ𣿡
ҡͷͬȥˣϵһסţʲô
ⷨٺòģüͷһչ˵ͷá
ϣۼʱ磬۴¹зҳ°ס籧ߣҪһȥлסұĴӺԾȥû˿ģŽأĪҪ㳵ͣûŪ˾֪
ס˽ţ·Сġ
ۿֺ߳קסаѩͳЦЩ 
һЦɲǣæһϾæͷȥɲǰ׷һ򡣡 
ֵ⺢Կû֮ǰұ㲻ˣʣԻ˴Ÿǣǵǡ 
˵꣬źһ˷Խݼʧҹɫ֮С


һ  
֮ҹɫΪŨأϾĵһҲûУ籧źһ·˲ׯõԼУȶССͯǻܣһʣȴʼ˫۽գ˿ڴֱܷмһʡ
һ֪ȥо֮ݣæҳ룬ѵ·һȥֱæ𣬷߬һ˫ȭͷ˿಻ʲǰ㽩ֱ
ֹƬ̣һĨɫ֣룬ȡ뺢ӸǺã˳ЬӵͭУһѻո⣬ųȥ˷ԪڽԸȥ򼸼ֲ̫ͯڣ಻ɹھ£ѰֽϺӵĸ
˵ͻʡ˯Щ߽ﱻ˿ɲˣʱס죬תڵˣҲȥѰʲôˣԼտЩֻгЩʱ¯ĪҪȥʱϽǡ 
Ԫڼһҹ֮ޣǳɵ⺢ӡ
ҹ֮ӣѣòиҡ
˴㲻˵ 
ԪҲɵӣжԵʣȲԼµöʣһӦȥˣʱؼһ뼦෹
һޣ˶ǶʱžҴҳ˼ڷˣǼˣźԼУι£ֿһӣ˼ҩӹȥ
һҩ֮ǰǷҩֶһЩºȻ˯ðЩ磬۾ 
һԣˣͷʵϿɻ𣿶ʲô 
ʱȡߣüĿ伫忡ֹģǸδıİˣȴҲûź£ֻĿһƬɻգգۣʣ˭ĸںδ
ССۣͯһ˫۾ִԲˮƵֱֻûһο㰲ѣ㸸ĸҪ°죬иϡ
˵䣬ͻطֱĿоǾ֮ɫ޽У˵ĸ˺ˣҸأҪʣ
һ߽һ߱Ҫƿµء
ڲУúܣʱȴ֪һ㼴ȭ߼вݡ 
ȻڻþźӣȴҲʵһס֫£˱ڻС 
δӣ޵һʱЩ޴룬ֻû껳۱Լӣ«رס˺һ󱳣һĪĪޡ
ɣȴò壬ҹһ̫ളУʥּһ籱ϵĸϣбԼԼʲôϾδȻⷬ䣬ҲֻÿźҪĸ 
СҲ֪θϴһ£˺⣬ȴҲ벻İοֻý§޽ûûˣֽŶ鴤òȥһָѨ˯ȥ
ȵϣٴͷͨ죬һǿֲݡ
Ѳټҩּҩ෹ιȥǺ˳֪Ǻͯǲȫ֮ȥ·һмڳᶹм̫ʦͷһ֢λİţɶ־̫ʦסʶٸ򶨰֮ҩвǰ֣Աȫһ
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һᣬ̫ʦ浱ҩ￪һӣ΢ҩ˼˸£˯ȥһ볯ͥ縮Ѩ¡
 
һֱ֮׷꣬ҩ죬ȻƳʱǰ㾪ֻԵɵɵģι෹ֻ˯˵ϣ绻˷ӣ򾲰ɰ֮⣬˼ζ˳ٵҩģɬٻ֮һһ˳ֵգ־糿ſŻΣʣ˭Ķ
绹ͷʩչȽʶҽµ֤֮ʱҲԾţߣ˵˭Ķ˭
۾գ˼գĿһƬãȻšüͷ˼Ȼ˼ǰΣֻԺоǻ磬벻Լֱ֣зᣬһ⣬ҡҲǵˡ
ίίŻ磬˭𣿡
һԭᵽɤ۶ͻһضԼУкǰʱز͵Σ⼸ողջӣżǲˣպ˲˵þˡ
һ٣ֵѣ۱֣㵱һ常ǡ
һ˵һ
ԹԿӣʣҵأĶ
һϣ漴ЦԶţóʱղܻиϡ
ӣʣ𣿡
⼸ջֻܹЩϡ༦ǣ˯вҲһȦ²ѣǶܣСԴ˼㣬š
˿һһʮְɣ벻ǰǰ㾪״һС˵ϲ 
翴ֱۣߣ۶˷ʳԼʳʮֳùףһڿιԡ
緹䲻£ȴǿɿڣֶúˣԵʮһС⽲ʱ㶼˶ӡ 
öһ³ԶƢθãֻι˸ӣ㲻ԡ
С̵֮ƽҲӲ̰ʳʱѲǵ֣ǵϰȴѿڹֻ߰˷ֱ겻ιʳȴҲҪԣֻ۰Ͱ͵سǵӣ۾ֻͣûͷһ³Ե̫緹ɾͳԲˣ˵Ҫ⣬Ģռ飬ӵֲˣŶӴٳԿɺã
˵һá£벻ӵгĵԣϲ֡ 
 
Թ˷罫ֱشϣȥҩ˽к¡
ʱţǺҩ֭ӱ㲻Ϻȣ˶常Ѻöˣҩ㲻˰ա 
С˶һֻͬ綺ֱЦգôɣⲡɲһʱƬ̱ܺõģ軹ٳҩųأȻַǰǰܿôá 
ȦڻУҩݵߣҩ˸ʲݣôģԹԺˣźõÿ첻ǡ 
˵˵źſ죬ȴǺ֮ŻһСŪñҩζ
ҲΪСιúͯҩףȥķǿҲˣҲֻ˱ӣ§ڻﰲа㣬õСҩЩųϸ£㲻õպЩ֮¡
δϹͯδرԣȴ֪ģֻСֶͶԼԵԽԽóʮϸһһСͬߣĸȥȥ


һ  
һǰƽ࣬ټϻգСֻ 
ֺܵײµһƬ̲룬Ժˣнʶ֡ 
ɣ鷿ɺԺ̫Ŷһ飬䲻ǵȴڶʶ޷ѧ־ټǧԱʮ翼ʼ䣬Ѱ־Ѳֽдֽһһдˡ³κ֣˸֣ۣʤдģмͯȤ 
ֽʵ˼䣬ֱ۷Ź⣬ϲϲλ常óʫʫԹԵظʱ㽫һ߾ˣ鱾Ҳгѱ 
ϻۣǻϲϲҲⰵ⣺ĶʴӱֵֶǴλֻ춨⺢ûе֮ǿȻͷװһ 
 
ֹ죬ϻź˯£һ㣬վѹȥʮգһֱδԼѶϢ֪żŹȥ
˿̺˯óˣ˸ѾͷԸϸ˺úӣԼţ 
 
Щʱæϳһ£æͣ㣬ջظʱѹһԺţԼŵƻһֻ֮ϲ̶𼸷ظϽһЦλʵѺˣ
һͷбҽڴˣҩ
ֳͣΪ֮ɫ
һ͵𣬡ôǲǳ£
ЦŽԼηסʶһ˵һ飬ĩ˵˲ܾ⺢ˣʱʱ̼̿ǵ׮£պʣԱٲǵãպֻͨգЩ 
۳Ƭ̣СЩܱȼõöࡣ
򻳷΢΢һЦü
һЦ⺢ްˣ㲻Ҫߣҵɿ˼ˣ
ɫΣҡҡͷ⺢ʴϻֺۣãϰ֮ţֻϧأպѧһΪɼɣ㲻ԸͺȥȣѰƽ˼иʵû⺢֣⼸ձһֱԥºȴǰһ׮£ϰҲûʲôʶõֹʾҲм֮ˣиЩ˼޲ģܹӺϺᣬպ޳ͷ֮գ˫ȫŲһѪһ룬Ѱһʵ˼ҡ
˼Ц⼸̫ѴˣʺǻϲּϴҾ壬ʹ죬û׷ǹڶеĹŮĸ߷̹ģԭҲû£⼸ղ֪ǹŮ֮˽Ůշתͽֱ뷨跨ý˶ȥ˴⹬Ůˣ౻ǣ˵˰ؼδ̫϶ʲôֽţ֮ȴܲ˴⣬´һ١Զʺ󣬴˴⹬Ů֮޻ֻԵɺϲݣһ±㻳ģȴԽޣĴѰ䲻ӣǣ˵֪һһƿصİ֪޾ϸȥ
һˣ 
۵ͷھӪã˵屻չҲһ©֮㣬ڻǰͨ籨ʹ˳ݣȻȥˡ
̾һֵﲻܹ˷Ĳ£Ѱ˺ֻһ粨Ͻյ֪£ΪãǷѽ׵ֻ˵ѽߣȥܣٲصĵģôԸ˹ȥֻǵȥѰһ֮ˣ̸ס
⼸æӦһӦ£ֵĺ²ⷳ꣬ʱ׼˻磬֪㷢һͨɧ 
˼Ƭ̣ĵùΣ
Ȼ㣿 
ͷ㿴ҼҾʵ书˵µһȴҲ˵ùȥѵþͨҽ϶бˣֲھǸסҲصĺձ˳ɲǺ֮ˡ 
˫һ 
˲ȥҡһҡͷ,ʡģֻʦͻ޻ȥʱνͣ
ұ˵Ǿйʾɼѣĸǰҡ
ͣһͣһЦ˵⺢Ҽϲ⼸մֻͶԵһȻǲŮˣôһɵĺΪӣҲһ׮ϲ£ҵңݼڣ֪˺ãȻͬһ㻶ϲֻ
֮һֱǻгһΣ벻΢ЦֻؿڶµܣһԲס˻磬ḧͷһ͵͵常ʵĸ֣һƽϲ֣ڹпҪǿϲ֪١
֮⣬ǾʹӦˡ
䣬һתȻµΪ£̾һֻرȥϲȻ˫ȫҽͨ񣬼Ҵҵ󲻳ԴΪֺƣ˭ҵĺĸ 
һͨԿޣ᲻֪ڶԼģɬ־ůſ˻㴵꣬Ҳ졣 
һ˵һ¶һ˿΢Ц
 
̸̸˵˵֪ѹʱȥڻ࣬˵ľᣬһʱԥԥ
ǻۣƳи©һ±䣬ɫ磬Щȥһ̻ضݰա¾ųѲ˾ǹܰѳţ⼸ھеޣֻǰڲţû̫󶯾գЩ֦ڳͺһĲЩҲŰġ 
ԭھٶסգƴŻؼ·ϸЩҲͬ۶üأ˭֪գ۱Ƿ֮ڣǾѹȴԼӺʱڣֻðסһǻᣬģá
ϲϧ֮顣
᲻ʹȥ¾оƹܣ۳ɽ֮ƣԶ˸ܽ᰸ģβܽлֻõȴؼȥзƽ˾Ե֪㡣 
һ٣ţ͵²Ŵ¸ңɽǶԻȥȡܹʦĿ̫Ϊѡ
˼ȫͨѶ֮׵飬ֽӵƬ̣ŷ֡
 
صׯ˯ȣС߿˱ɴӣ¶һѩ׵СƤǽźѾͷסҹſڴͷ˯ģҲøӸǱ翴˱㲻üѾͷǲ˳ȥȥӸǺãڴͷһǷҲ˲ҹʰ£컹δ㽫ԪڽнԸһĵУǣϺΣһұǻؼȥ
Ԫڳһ̣
һھﵢãٲҪϲȥˡ
һ룬ֵȥҼŮ޴ҡ
Ҳ˵ʲô 
ԪΪ˾µ㼱ҪߵͻȻĳйأҲʣֻȥ£ʱ˼ˮɫ廨Сӽʱֳ̻δţ򲻵ʵģҼѾͷѻû𣿡
ŮھǾסСŮŵ꣬ѴСҲͦʣӹۣͷá 
ߵ߽ѣѱס


һһ  
δ˯ѣԵɵɴڴϣλѾ٣ۻ˿ˣɸС 
һƻǰһȦ°ԵüЩ۾ִһ磬ѱƸŮޡҿ飬⣬ߡ
Ҷʰ˵ģԪŸں棬ֱԺæٵȵȣҽгЩĹӶҲж档
һ㶣æͷȫҵˡ
Ǵˣһٻʲôȴܲõģš
˼ʻδîʱֳֻһ˿⣬пüӣû˯ѣʱڻ绳һУ˯˹ȥֱʻׯ˯
ԪѡõӸţһݳһα˩棬һ峿Ľֵϣ㲻Ҽۣţһӣƽš
˿Ѵŵıʿǰſ˳ţŶ⴦Ƿһձͱڵæ£ȵʲôģǣ
ϳĵ³ԯһǷЦүҼٶŻϼȥ
ͷıʿǾųѲ˾ƷСһСξƽձҪſЩˮ˾֮ϲһͯԽëƣ˵ŸٶңôҲЩǮ͢ϲΥ֮ˣ߽Ѽ죬Ҷ³ñٿ㳵Υ֮ûС
ڳƿֻһСֶŮ˯ţͷүѼʱǧֽЩ⺢ǵСžү䣬Ż
һ˵һСξ˶ӡ
أֵѰʿнٺСξе˵࣬ϴЦá 
ƿۣһŮſڱ֮˯֮Ⲣޱˣһӣˣȥա 
ָһ·С 
 
óһ˲ӽ·нУߵˣ۾һ֮У˴һԣССӱ㰤ʣ常ȥĶ 
ЦһЦǻؼȥ
һ¶㽫Լϣ£ܾúܾòܻǰΪӣӽԺ㣬ǴӦˣǴȥҼ
ͣһֵͣͬͬ㣬ΪӣԺ㻽òã 
ǴϻۣϾСﶮõΪҪòܻô˵㼴ˡ
Щʱմ粽뻳磬λֺƯ常ϲ̶գ֮ȻֻƬ̣ſڻ
籾ִѺ壬ʱԼĽ֮ɫһʵ⣬ϲԣͷ˼ġ
ԹſƬ̱㺰óιţͣϳĵͤվŸˣһֱǵ
һƿһ죬һȻˮϵķͤվһˣʵò죬һ֮ɫضʻĳ
ͤʮԶһӣӳһԾżƮƮڳԯһ㵽˸ǰʵôʲôף
˲Ǳǣ˻磬δ㱻ôһ䣬һ֮·ʵ˭ʲôף 
ʹ˲ŷӦæֵүõúܣûʲô׵ġ
˵䣬ʻýˣͣ£ѹʲô˵ 
Ǽ״صүСĽ
˵ŴһԵϽ¼ݹ
ǰòϣ¶һǣͷľװʢҩ䣬ⶫ˻۳֮У籾ȥã˭֪վϧ𣬵ˣ뻳ۼͰ͵ؽ
ү˵ضһǣСһšҺСֽſ죬ŲſˣȻȥ 
Ȼֻһǣ֮ʣ˼֣Ҳû󹦷ȵˣ°ףү˵շĵȵȣպٵþס
һ룬ֵıûˡ
ͷ˿ľϻоЦ⣬Ҳ˵ǵһͷ˳ϣֲʻȥ 
ĿͳߵԶˣתͷ˳ȥ
 
ȸʮնȥҲѲ׷ӭ׶飬ԱȡֱضݣһʱձĿԣĺף·˿źӣһ·ʼƣһĶϾҲ£ּǴˣʮֻúöǸĹһЩһ·߱ѧ 
ҺЩʽһ̱ᣬģ
Ϊʦһ֮¾˳ɾͣϲ
һ˵˽˴ϵطֲƳϵ̺
һȹ֮ϰ֮˱ѧȴǿζʱ㳣Ͳסϰ֮ĸˣϸƤ⣬ǽڹУ㵣ͬԼһԲÿ࣬Ѵ˼Դȴ֪һҪ֮ˣСѾ˼Ҳ谮ǳٷ֮ʮϿ֮鷿̫Ҫ֣СȴѸĥʮԣ̵ֱÿﱻϰʱ༫ۼҲֻરવᣬȴ͵֮٣翴۲ѣʱˣʱ§ڻοһ·ʲôȤ£࿴ۣ㼴£ֻС޺ûϲϲиͣ 
 
һ·Ⱦɽׯʱ³ģձǰüڣҲǵĻ粻ܸϵʱˣɳһֻǼ֮жüĿޣɶ֣úſڱտڡ֣Ӳ죬ʡ
ȽȥˣŶԸֵ⺢ӸһλʾɣھΪٵģǣ֮У屻ȫֻ⺢ӱ͵͵ӹһ٣շת䵽ϡž֣ұ㽫⺢Ϊӡ
ټٻӲ壬ֶȥ̲飬Ҳ鲻ʲô©һӣһʣ⺢һ˵壬޷һ˵ǡ
Ҷʵϧʮ֣羹˺ã²Ҳϲʤͷܺãܺá 
ֵѺӴơ
Ѿͷ͵ǰϸһ飬Ͱʵʲô֣
˿磬΢΢ͷصҽк
ڳ󷽣һ㺢ͯη̬֮ҿϲʣĸ裿ĸ 
Ⱥػȵ֮룬֮
ȴǸ֡ 
ǵԼдô˵ŵͷȴ֪ԼӴ˺Ӻҡһ 
һƣ֡
常壬ҳˡ
ϲ֮鲻ҡ 
Ӻ޽٣ΪԲס֣ɼֵö˻ģҲʮֻϲһĺСԴ游ʹ󲮸½ˡ
¿˸ͷŽеүү󲮡
ɹŮٽʮֶԼȴ·ҲôֱţЦúϲ£죬ȥ޵øϲޡ



һ ϣ¼磬˸ˣֻú翴˱ʣôɩӣ 
Ц˻δãѾͷ¶棬ٵ죬ܼλɩ
ҲҲǰղŵõң;ۣûЪ¹Ҳû 
¹ȾɽׯΪŵһԺӣ걾ĸӴӹݸڿտȾɽׯԼ˴СԺסʰ¹ʾ֮⣬ȻҲλŷΪڲͬϲ˵ȴѲ²ҵȥ 
˵Ҳˣ븸¡
ȲôˣԹûñƤֱ绽ѾͷȥԼ˯£Լ븸ֺȲлֽһ·ѩƺõҩóշ£ξϹ˵һͨ 
 
˳գȾɽׯŵƽʣϲλһ켪ݹظú˶бֻʣλһڵǸ̸
˴飬ùλ㶼ǰأָԴ˲еӣϯкߣƵʾΪЦ֡Ůȶ࣬óģģסʦֵߥޣԸһϯԽ
ͷһμʶȳ棬棬ʣŴҿȤֱֿЦ 
 
峿Ҷã˾衣
ʱЯӽ˫˫常ݵ
Կţֻλɩӯ񻣬ٶһ˫üë΢΢˼ƽӢѰֹۣ֬󷽣ɶøУ˵Լǰæ񣬻ɩ 
ŷＫˬʵһˣһŮӵɬ̬֮󷽷ӦˣһܡԼƵһֻɰ񡣡
ǺɰϸܣһҲǾ£޵ɩգպиˡ 
ŷһüǿδء
ָǺɰЦⶫҰ¹򣬸ֻһǱ㽫Ҽָͷ˸飬˵ãֻ뼸λôͣһҵֻһλС壬ٶλҪȥ 
ݣ˵ǻбٯƫ仰˵ˬֻű̲סһЦ 
粻ȤֱˬԽϲλɩɩصɩʵڡ
ͬɶЦ
ֵʱŷժһ󣬴ں䣬ЦǰղûһλСֶ㽫ա
ѩɰ̲ס˳ա
 
һ˼緹ռ䲻ֹ˶ϱҶӣһһ𣬱֮︸˵ĳһ֣ǸˣŷΪԼˣԺһˣǼҳӣûôأҲǰ㽲ˣҲԾǣǧĪҪнˡ 
ָ۸ĵطֻ߶壬Ի
ŷЦӯӯӦһǡ
ֲͷƳһۡ 
װûɿһһŴ׸ͽЩ԰գĪҪˡ
ǹ𻨸Ȿǻ簮֮ÿģػȼһ͵ȴ˰㡣 
ȻһȻһЦΪ޶˻ϲҲһ𻨸⣬Ž 
 
ŷһ޽լб֮ˣƽׯ̼̻Ϣ
Żͬǰƣ뻳ԶɴԼԺʱȴ
ת۹ȥ£ŷﳿͷΣ˻ȥһһµС 
ʱԽϰȭţѾͷϲôĸˣʱһϣһүүүүдĸСա
ǮļҲׯסţЩСӣһǱĴè֣ɹú̿ͷ㣬䰮һˣиֹƯŮޡ 
ʧЦ㵱үүӹŮ˵㡣
Ϻһ棬ʮ裬ŷ˸۵Ů޳üۿФ丸һܱȴƼĸףزñѿǸӡͬϲòУ֮ȡ˸֣ϲϴÿһ𴲱Сܡ
أһڣۼֶϱТ˳мӣּŮȫѩɰĻ󳩣ǰʹʼɢ
 
һ䣬ʱʱ棬ˮ̴ӵ⾩ţǵ֪һʥŭʧȥб׵Ů˻ӳоƹܲһʱֻĵȺ 
һ¸չ²Ž˰֮˷дǰ֮طԾԾɻ˱߹ء
翴лϲһգҸʱǲֻһ඼ׯ۽粻СЩ¼£ұŴϺĴߣ೤Щʶ 
ϻϲʮ۰±ȥ߽ЩһԻӣжȻĴӶ࣬Ҳգһ룬ֻ䣬ĪҪÿĪ߶ȥ 
ҲӦˡ 
ٵȲģʰձǣ˺Σźȥ
 
´Ǳѩڻ֦ĿһƬ١
֮ϣ籧źһ·һָŹٵԾҰľȵһһ
У˵һһʱʱʵǽĶţ
ιء 
ιغ𣿡 
ȻǺġ 
ȥĶ 
ĶҲȥס¡
ŵ۾ǲؼ𣿡
ЦôأסЩӡ
˫ĿǰⰧιסŵһλѣòˣһۣȵٻؼȥ
ͣһֵͣűֹ࣬Ⱥϱ߼£Ժÿ궼סһʱտɺã
˵ʲôȻŵͷá
СԴһ̧ͷ䣬ιسǽȻ˫Ŀеʱڹʣ糿ǣ˫һڼ۶ȥ
 
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л˵ 
 
뱾ĵֽӦ൱һֶʧɣΪûܸһԲĴԲʽβɶ˵ва飬顢Тȵ˲ܲӵĶȻֻ鹹С˵ȴ޷Ըʵֽβܹ뵽õĽ֣ûڼˣǸǰסĸ飬˻رܵ밮˼ҵĳͻȻַȽ񣬵һĶ߶ȫĵȻȴҲ޿κΡˣĽ־ǣÿʽͬأˣ鰮ˡԴˣһǧֵķиϸдȻлǧֵģȣҶǼߵĲӦҪͬʱҲϵĺз֮磬÷⽫ϣλڶֺû̫ʧȤۿĻٵɣųԻṩ汾 
 
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