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1



⵽ô£һڰķϾɹﴫһͺ
ڷмˣɱ֮ɫݵǻǰµɸϣûֹͣеǹе
еPPSh41ǹȵʧ¼Ŀ꣬Ǹ̰Ŀû뿪ǹ˫ҲΪ΢΢š
ϴҡǰСֱܱӵ˵̧ͷȴϴȻϵĳǹָ
ɫļñò԰ɫ
飡
ǹ͸˵ķΣ
ǣǹȴǽϣǹۣ
ô°СһʶʲôԾæʽùϴ󣬼װɸ
˾ĿУһ˽ȴҡ˵ĶѾǺܣӥȴ쳣˷ܵöסеĳһ㡣
飡
һոһӦ£ǸλãǸոͷ
ǹһ˸ߣղŵµľˣ
ڡһ˷ܵˣ촽ΪţϵĶȴΪϵPPSH41ӵţ
ǹ˶ˣһװеǹһ߶ţϺźۣ׼ȷҺԥؿǹ
ƺߺܿʧˣЩӦз£ԶֻǶ˼߹Ƕѡ
ȻһӰѸײڶ֮Ƴǰһ˱˴˵ľ룬˷е˴󾪣ÿٶȣ
ݶѸٵΪʹ֮ʹóǹܻ¸ҵľٶ
ηָߡ
PSλ͹ιӣϽǸղ˫צл

Ҫ֮

ѪһĨѪĹâһǹһǰȴһֻǿ־ӲŤת˼ʻһɨСȹǣһȭľ
Լͷѵʮȴˡ
ͷð亹֪Ϊʹ˷ܣ˸۾ֱʧһĳ֡һȺսװˣĿǡ
벻ȻǸŮˣ
һ£ոյ¹ľ鿴ȽǼֲӣ֮󣬲λ֮׼ȷڸӦǸˣ
Ů˵ŮƺΪһȾ˱˪ţﾹҲûеϬ
ֻǶ룬漴ɵһֵ˫ֱۣӦϡ
еǹڵϣŮýһʹǹƺһת䣬
ţƺڳŪʲôֱ۰㳤ĳǹ˵ĶͷǣһĻȡ
ҪĶʲôǹصĹԵʮֲЭ
û˵Ƕŵ촽ȴĹâǲ̬ԣΪǰŮˣ
ָŰѪ촽֪
飡
Ǹ˵ʼղ䣬ȴһѪ£ԶӳǸȴѪŮˣǸʮ֮ɲ
ŮֶӵǶû֨Ժ󲻽亹
ǵͷֳ嶯ˣôô죿Ǹ˽ԾɱˣֲжȻж̣ؾִٰڰղžͲӦͷģѽˣ
ηָߡ
PSλ͹ιӣϽǸղ˫צл

ѽ

ɢµһȺĴˡ
ĵ׵İУһ۾˻߽Ҳͬһװֲĳд۾ɫ侲ģҲֻһˡ
ҡͷ˼Ƭ̣һȺеĿԼͷıעп˿ڣؼﷸɳӥʧֶֿӵǹʬһʬǱߴ
̫ˣᣡڲٷʡˣάǾӵ
Īתְ֧ņ̀ڼϣһ˦֣ԼġɳĮ֮ӥ䡣
˷𣿡䣬ȻСûʲôɱǸĪһȺǿɲ룬һѸټӣվ룬ھѵļǵıָȻ
ϲܵ˿ǹʱȻûкܺñ任Σװˣ
ĪѵĻȺ˲ĵͷȴϨеŭ
ˣٷˣҪǸأٶ༸ɳӥһķˣǻڣ
صʬ壬ƽĲ˵ؼﷸǷǳĳɼⶼͷ֪ԼĴԶ֨һвǵŮѵ
ⲢǳµĹϵǣǴĵ׾ĽŮˣĪ룡
16뾯ӣĳɼ˹һֲӵŮˣ
ǲһŮʲôͳĲӣǽһ죡һʱ䣬Ǳһδδ£ͽֲǹеƴɶȣǶԶԶһˣ
ηָߡ
PSλ͹ιӣϽǸղ˫צл

˷

ǵģһˣ
ԼһˣսʤսһȺԶΣֲӣ
ƽһΣƲȥ˿ͷȥֻؿڵŮˡĪÿֲⲼζĵطֻӢˣҲԶɫһˣ
ûзȺ۵׾ĹâĪȻСεһɱϢڷŭıȴ˿ı仯
жӣѵһ˸40ܳ10ȦǰɣȻȫҿ۵
ٴΰȻǸѪͷһȫ˳Ľģȫ񶷰ܵĹһĪĥһɶ
һƻȵսȺԼ˫ֱϵĪıӰȥˣڶգӭǵսˣʮȦ˵ɣ
ζ
˯еĪȻ˫ۣ˫ۿķ䡣
һ͸źǽ͸䣬˵Ļ桪飬ɱ
üĪѹϵذѴ˺ذԼ֣ŵסŰѣƵŰϴŤ¹Ȼš
һһ߰ѷ߿ǱƻʮֲֿһӾͱ߿ˣɢսζ
ϸһÿȼƷ͵ȼҺ壬ζĪ벻ʵüһȫûб飬Դ̬ȾһԶڻı
ܵŴľȶסˣһΣ¾Ҫء
ηָߡ
PSλ͹ιӣϽǸղ˫צл

Ѫ

Ī¥ԶԶ͸ڵķĪԿŵߣǴͽҪϾĺ·¥㶼˻𣬻죬պա
㣬ǳ˳Ҳȥ˰ɡԳùǣ뵽ȺкʱĪǽ͡
ֻʱĮĲŻи
Ī¶ˣȺѪк񾭡
֪경ûڱԹĪ뿴űȾ컨壬ĵײ֪ΪξȻĸо
ĪǸ¶ĸһνͨ˫˫ɥ,ʱ8ꡣ
ĪǸɷǣһĸͻòңǻͳֱ˻ء
ˣ¶ĪѧĮʼܾÿһˡ
ԼŬ˾ѧУڰ빤֮䣬ĪƴԼɲȺսԼһˣԼ̡
ȻĪԼԸֲӵĶӳǷֽĿǰĿǣ
ǣĪԣֻǲֵһĶֻҪǿ˵ȫ⣬Īõ֪Īж㣡
ۣһΣĪ˵жˣжûԹԼԣһΣһɡ
ĺۣۡ
һսĺľĪͷ̮סĪ뱻ѬЩ㲵壬һӣʧȥʶ
ţⲻ֪⣬Ⱥ֪ϢһɫأȾˡ
ηָߡ
PSλ͹ιӣϽǸղ˫צл

ӵԽ

ȺȵĻֱ賿5ű𣬷УûҵǸŮ˵ʬ壬˵Ҳɻҽˡ
С㣬ѣѰߣһſŮǻţǸŵΪ޺Ĺϵʮ˻ƣڸǲסɤľ
Ѭôã˰ɡ
벻˱ʣҲǵʲôǲ˵̾Ϣ

ó
ĪڳӵŬ۾űԭһ˺ȴʮֲ׵ĵ
ΧǺڵģֻȻƵĻû
ǡһϰޱʱÿǰǿ޵ʮҵ˼ҡ
С㣡ˣ̫ˡһɫֲµϋ˵ֻһظš̫ˣ̫ˡĻ
ǰһƬŹװŪ㶵ģĪƿϋҪվŪǽǳٶ۵Ķȴһ
塭
ͷ̧֣ǼСĶ·ľĪ
ֵȷװûȴ֣ĪɲǵԼôƯϸΪѵǹĹϵϵĴֱּȥĥ˫󻬵ֱָۣҲûԭĶ֮һ֣
ɰĿָͣϣ΢΢ȷڵûĲϵ
Īǰ궯Ⱥϋһ±Ƚϡ
ⲻȻãһȲεһΪ1.78ߵȥˣƾĪԼĿ⣬ס嶥Ҳֻ1.6ף
ηָߡ
PSλ͹ιӣϽǸղ˫צл

˻굹

ֱۺϵļȫʧȽϻɫϼ£ϵյɫ
ǵʲôطˣǷʲô£˻굹ãҲûĸѧо
ʹĵץţȴ˿ı飬˿ԭȵѷɫһŲϨŭԱߺòֹסϋɫҲ΢΢һƺǰ˲İС嵽
ΪʲôǰϤС㣬һ˲俴Ȼôࡣ
ϬҼ񣬷·е¶ǿҵԡ
ҵ֣֮һСŮһҹıôô
ϋĲ룬񣬲֪Ϊ˸оܹΣС㣬񡭡Ǻð
ʲôǺãĪĪÿ˵ſϸˣٶתǰյʣ޼ĴլǿȼͶ϶Ǹٹ˵լԺ
լʲôϵأ
ȻԴ˾ȫİȴ֪ΪǣһĨʹĪؿڣ궯Ϊһꣿ
ڿʲôǼıǼͥľĸĸþĴУĴڿţųޡ
ҲȺү˺λСҲֻСһλˣҡûСȻƵݵÿǸվڻǰޱŮӣһ˲䣬Īߴࡣ
ԤϵģǸƽܲ͸ķСŵȺʱȻ侲ĳ̶ȡ
ҶˡĪĮĻشûһ˿顣

ͷ

ͷԼһŤţɵá˻һȹڣ˲Ŀлȥ
ǰû˵һ仰
Ҳûһ֮б֮Ļ
һƬ죬ʧںڰУѵľûסһ㡣
Ȼµ壬Ī;ԹµеǸ꣬Ҫ㸴ĺޣ
ΪӽԺͲĪ롣
з
ǷϼС㡣
ãڹŴϵĽֵ͸̦ͼžζΪжһƤ񣬷ЦÿԼţǱݻ±ʴýڣһЩ¶ƤҲÿ
ҹ޿һŮܵȥ
ʱĪԼԽǸϋ˵ģԭˣҪ֪뵽ʲôĵز
һֱ룬ʹжޣҲ޴ְɣ
Ī벻һǸִˣʹڲΪŴΪԭȵĪ˵ףͽôϾĻˣֻһ޼ҿɹ飬Ѳ
ֱͦţĪֻӥںڰţȻһԶĪʹ˵һԣΪ¾ꡣ
ǰʹ̹ĪҲη壬˵úôϵ˿ڣչŴҽѧӦúܿͻᾭڶˡ
δ֪ʱգĪǿԼҪӦеľ裬ûзɣû޸֮óóȻ˲ǿ̵ġ
Ī֪һ㡣
ĪסԼںڰУȻƼ


2

˹

ϧĪԼ
ӥϬܳȡ
ĪĿУԭѾ˽ͣ£תͷ̤ǰһ㽵١
Ī뿴ǸҲĪ롣Ȼӣ˶˴˵ò
ֻܸܵڶţûԸƿĿ⡣
ĵԼͬʱĪüǸԼˣϵĶдӭƮţ˫ںڰȻŶ侲
ᣬӸ£Īȴֻ̧ͷĸоĪܲˬֲ³ç
ǸòԹɫŮˣڸȤˣĪܵ˵ֱĪ룬ǿʹֻһĿ⣬಻֪νˡ
ϧһ򶼲ǲ֪νġ
ҧס˵֣ﱻƵúʹĪȴҧţǸһϬǿ
ⲻ֪İüǣȤ
ȤŮˡ
İձӦһڶģΪȤĿ⣬İƽͷһλͷҪ֪˫۾ˡ
İϣǸȤŮˡ
ֻܳΪŮӡǱȴڸȻϢȻûоһ˿Э෴İȻһҪѱֻèİԵС
ƺˣȻںҹУһİܸоƺڼʲôǳϢҲŴء
˾ǿŮˣ
ոհԼںڰУΪ˲޻֮ĴʱӰɣ˵ģܴ
İգһҴŮˣ
˵Ŀײһ̽Ȥζһȴͽš

ϬĿ

ʱ빴𴽣İտ´ɫİʱˣžĽֵҫĴۣǱ˴˼˶ԷòȻһ侪̾
Ҳ˵Ŷ쵰͵Сжôζˣˮèľţ۴м˶̲סĶ
ˣǱģȫбչĺۼִ˵أɼʹҲûĻæڱԼСƴȫҪάԼʣϡ
УǼϡеġ
İտΪ˱ıɥʧ˵Ļû˻ȥΪ۵ĵزİĪС
İմͬʱĪҲڿˡ
ܸߣ˹ȻؿڲǿٺϬ˫ĵۣܲ׽ǿҰ
κ߳ʮֿ˿ٷ湫ӣ𾪵İȴεôϣɢ
Ƿİ
İԼǴӷլǱ߹ģ𽥼УͨȺƽǵļ֪ҵСղŵĺ˾ٶĵҲصŮȤ
ڣˡ
ȷر
Ī뾯˺һҪ˵ƿطΧ߿
İյĻĪֻҪϸһ¾Ͳʲô֣ոľٴʱ˵ֱǴǰİɣȻǾͨˡ
İһסĪֻû˵֣ɵðҷ֮ǰԭ򣬼ȻǷҴŮǾһظˡ

չջظ

ĪЦһ˷̣һ֮
ûлݣʵˣǻҹӦҴ󳼣İ˵ʱǺЦȴ˿֮⡣
˴ļ壬Ȼôͽ֣֮Ҳǻ֮⣿Ҫңᷢ
Ʊˣȴİ۵׵ЦԽԽ
Ī벻֪ԼʱģһάԼѾʧȥĶŮ
ʹ˽Ӳ䣬ȴܸоķŭ
İյͷ˴˺ľ룬ջĵᣬŷС룬ӵСˣһʾȻı˵زʵԻǷһֱСϢΪСĮ̫ˣ
Ī빴𴽽ǣ㣬ֻ乴𴽣˵Ե̫ˡֻĸĸǶⶾֻ֣ʣСŮһˣС˵ãΪ͢Ȼ֪ʥϵԸɽ߻ʵԶҪŲҲΪ˶סڿڣһСŮҪҵ·ǡ
Ի죬ȷȴŶεķ̣İոȤС˵ļǡȻ޼ҿɹ飬Ըһޣ֪ΣİĴյĪĶߣͼһķӦնʧܸա
һյİջһİգҲɽաʵͻϴ޸֮Ҳƽһ·Σյģŵס£İסһپȥ١

̤ѩ֮

İ˵ʮ־Ī˼á
룬ȷһ˵ܻǲ̫ƽģȥܱȥǿİյͷЭðɡסһޣʣµԼ
İˣԽĪ뿴û˿ŤʵĴ°ţЩĸо
ҲԽաİЦһֱʹŷԭĺȫҪʲôͿװսС
߰ɡǰϢסһ˵֮ĪЩŤ
סİս΢΢˦˻һǰߣԵò˼顣
Щֵëִлֵܼ֣оĪİ˻һʾʮ
̤ѩϲ㡣İյЦһ߶ó̤ѩϲԷֱߵõø̤ѩ
Ī벻Щߣ̤ѩһŷ֣ұȽϲ
йбѧĿγ̣Ī벻ϤҲϲ
̤ѩ̤ѩ̤ѩëϾľԡڶѩ°㣬ÿһ˿ɫȡ֣
İյͷͷ˿еŮӣȻ˦ѩ˻һٵǰܣٶȿĪֻõ˵ķܳӡ
ʲô裿æֳסĴ֣ȶ壬ĵһȴҲ˵ʲôŷɳ۵ĿС
ֵϣԵʮñƣ۵˶û룬紵ĴʹС

İ

İİṳ̂ѩͣ£űһ˴򿪣˹˵һʱǰȥֱܼͥ͵Ƶǰ
үܼİմСʹڸĹ£Ѯȴϵ׳һ˿̬İջظȴһŮӣҲµòȥʣѯʣүҪŻԡλ
ȰİһСñĪ룬Լȥ
İսȴ£Сһ룬·Ҳѵĸоһֻקİյڣ
ˡƵĶһ仰һߣܿ͵˷
ܼҽϣȴűȰҩƷóλүľܾе졣
ûˣܾòɰүֻŮ׷үҲû̬ȵˡ
ںҽѾȺţǹҽİս볯͢ĿʼͱΪةฮĴ
ǳ͢Ⱥǰδеҫİͱأĵһˡ
һ֮ϣ֮µ꣬ҽȻҲ
ƺˣ㿴ýŶţһҵ̴ľĪ̧ͷƼԲԾµ֡ӡ
һ·ĬĬ·Ĳֿƺ򵥣ʵں
ʵɴһ뿪ʼͱɽӰΧţϢİ裬ʵǻӾϣһ˽ͨᱻ޼ĸߴʧ·̡
ԣİմһʼŻ̤ѩ̤ѩٶȣͨǲῴΧľġ

Ů

Ī벢ͨˣһſʼԾĬĬסе·̣ĪСʼʮ־ˣĲ֣ҪסֻԵ΢΢ѡ
ĪڴϣۻɫĴ̿ʮֵĹ󵵣ϸһ£ΧİƺƽƽǴһƷĵһǶ˵ÿһϺõĴ
ҽ£ĪͷЩʧˡ
֪ҪʲôĪҲûʲôǱյòҲ̶õ䣬ҽơ
İտǰСƺȾƵһ齹ڵ˺ۣԾüȴƺûκʹļıݣƺ
ҵŮӣѵôر
ܲܲ°̺ۣǵ˿ʮִۣŮüݣ˰̺ۣǾͻһʹ
˭֪΢΢̧ͷȴκ飬䵭ԵЩںκþˣô鷳
̺ЩĪ˵Ǿţһëǰ嵯ˣЩŮӦĶ෴ĪԽġ
ɱô˵Ů˰̺ۿɾѿˣһᾡùָֻԭòġƼôֱŮҽһݶĪ̾¶Ĳֱֻºۼ
ͷûٻ죬ˣҲؽʲô
ҩС÷ֱۣҽֱ߰ţﻹдʣЩҩЩʹҩЧãҪš
ްɡĪͷޱ飬ȴƭİգͱжô侲Ƕ亹ȴ㲻İյ۾
İ߹ȥڴϣ˳ְѴԱߵ¸ס壬ȴɵץס磬۾ȴ˿ڣ촽΢Ц

ɷ

ϰ˵ĽӽĪüҪĻȴҽ̫ԸѲ
Ҫ̫Ťˣû˻֪ļǿİûпĪ룬סĪļȴû˿и˵Ƕ԰˵ĵૡ
ɫһڣĪ˿ҡ
ĪǼǿģһ˱ţʲôӣ˵ˣҲΪ֪żǿġ
ˣʵġ
Ը񣬴̽ĵϸ
ÿµˡ
侲Ī뷴ˣɵҽΪ˿ڡ
ζǻǸ侲ŮãİŷͷһһŮȤ
úƫȴģ毺õζ΢ĲУԸҲǡ
İϲ˫ۣŮûеϬͳţ˸Źâ̲ס˽ڡ
뵽ˣİסĪָӽˣЩմҽ˼æһᣬӣ˳ȥ
˼Сڵ飬˼һ˰ɣ˼ҵĺǲ̫õġ
ǰҽܡôϷš
һûˣĪͲٸɫİտˡ
ſĪһ˵ǰʹǶôܵˣĪҲûñ˴˴˵Ī뱾˸ûʲôܵˡ
ɷˣֻھӣȺкǲԸƲһ
ȻĪû֪ĪǶôϲõġ
ˣ£֪ΪΣİûзſͬĻҳ㱧ĪϥϣĪĶﴵ
弸ŵĽһ£ĪӵΪʲôҪҡ
ղڵһμʱİոҪ¡
Ī뵽ģһˣӲ׵˵ʵ顣

彻

Ī룬Ҳȷŭˡ
ϰǸʵ۾Ȼ˵ܾͲˣ
ǸݻĻ֣˵Ĵ󣬲ûʵ£
Ҹ㣬ȻġİЦſŻеŮӣȾһ˪Ĵ޲˵ŭ
ȻİջסĪ˳Ƶڴϡ
һ£Īŭõͺ𣺡ʲô
ģ˵ĪǵһΣûñһΪΪ
ĵףҪǿͷ
ĪܹԼɾӵľӢһΣҲһܹ쵽
ҧһˣŷİյϢжôΣա
ҰĺӶᣬİյ۾ֱÿĪ뷢֣İյͫǺɫģǳǳĺɫȻºͣȴ͸¶ԡ
ҿ㸴𡣡䲻İտڣȴˡ
İյûпЦָļ磬Ĵָĥš
ҪʲôĪ뵱Ȼûôİǳ͢ة࣬һ֮֮ϣİհ𣬾ǰ˺ͻ϶ŸɣôİҪʲô
ĪڼûǮûȨʣµȴֻС
ģĪʲô
ȻİյĻӦ֤ĪĲ롣
塣İϢԽԽȫĪĴû˿⡣
ҲĪ棬Ī侲ʵƾʲô϶һӦ㣿
ţûʲôŻʡ
İյĴͣһÿĻȣΪǸŮӣ۾ʶرΪҪĶֶΣΪҪ𡣡
ͳĻȴһеġ
Ī֪İ˵ǶˣΪҲǰĪ롣
ΪĿĶֶΡ


3

컴ɫ1

ĪһֻӥΪ棬Ҳֻǹ̡
ھĪ߻ֻ꣬Ϊջһ졣
ǵģĪҪΪǸŮӡ
˵˲𣿡İЦһһгӡ
ĪоİյĴԼĶϸϸý£ȴܹĴ˾
Щľٴ룬ΪĪһֱΪһҪľŮ˵Ĵ
Īûֶãģǣôң
İò죬ɿᣬ¶£ǳֵɫתŨͻ֪ˣڣƷһ¡
аù𴽣İļȴĵذ̾Ī侲
ڷ·Ҳ䵭ĮȻ˵ŮܸأȤأ
Ҳգİ֪ģ侲£ᴥȵһ档
£Ǵ׵±ڴ£ĪЩŤԴЩ£ĪٽӴĪĵһΣŮԵıĪ벻ʵü
šڸʲôȡҧ´ĪЩŵסڵϵ˶԰ƺʮĴ˱ÿһĪ巺
ЦһƺڳЦɬİԼ·ŴǸ˫ȾȴŮӡ
˴ԣİմصϢڸģĪһֱö˫ȣİ˫ڲ࣬оĪĽӲİصһ£ºۼ£ɾͺá
ĪɬķӦİգǵһΣİղ˶ŪŮ

컴ɫ2

ָ̽У΢΢̽ѰţĪøӵûȡ
קŴ죬Īɴ˫ۿİ˫ȣͷ˫֮ģ
߳ܵĶʹΪִˣĪҲе߾
ǿסһĿУİյĴУĪ˿е۷塣
ϻڲţĪоİշԼϣȻһͦһ󱻴̴ĸоĪ˲ţ
ҧ´·ʹγѪȴûкһۡ
Īʹȴ̵ı飬İͣ˶ָĪĴ
ԣܿûˡĪ۾İտʼɶڣ컵ռдŮֺݵ鳱
һĪһŮɱŮˡ
ʹͻ䣬Īӻ쳣ôҲһϣһӦҪ
Ǹ˽İգǳ͢ةࡣ
Ī룬ᶥһС֣ղűĳޣǻڽ
ǵģһİսеģǡǡĪ롱
ڶգճʱ֣Īˡ
ԵıˣǸ˿ˡ
Īޱ飬ʱ˵İյ뿪ǲǺ£Լٴһֻƻĺꡣ
ĪҪ´һΪ˺ʹϵĹͷƺݺշƵأĪ̲סһ
Īѵ˼·վ˳µĺۼ侲ߵ̴ľǰ澲İڷ
һƱһơ
ɫƿ۸񲻷ƣվġȡĪ̲סа



͸ĺɫƣ͸⣬Ī֪һǺö
ĪƺúõսУߵȥ·Ǵϰŵһӵ·һ㲻Ī̾İյĴϻۣһŮӳȥװٺòˣˣʵÿֲ
װƺһ㣬ĪѳòãٻͷƱ뻳У߳İûдһ˿Ķ
ſڵȴĹܼҼĪţ㹧ţûһ˿ѯֵ˼ĪеĲΪİĸǸе
жôϸҪЩūǲֵ鲻ɫȻ͡
һƥͨѩ׵ĪߣĪ۾һ漴ܿȴѿĪĵļ
̤ѩĪ밮ϧûһ̤ѩɵðͷ­Ī뻳䡣
Īһ÷̤ѩĹɣ̤ѩ͸ҰɣĺģҰˣ
ܼҵ˵ͷĪ˫һţ̤ѩŷܶٶȿĲ˼顣
һ˲䣬İǰǸŮӵӰܼҿ˿Զ˼š
һУ·ûгֹ㡣
һ·ۿ찵ˣĪҲٸ··һͣˡ
ǻҳ֩żȥֻڻԵʮˡ
̤ѩԣĪ߰еĸι̤ѩϸĻӴ򿪣Ѿһĸɲľһ㣬Ⱦ˲š
еİӣĪ뿴ǰĻѷ
εĴԽ·ǺȻ֮飬ǳ𣬰˴Ī֪Ǹʲôңʲô

ǵ

ǰΪҲˣȡ֮һ塣
ʲӴԽͷĪһڰѰӳ£ѻнóаš
ѵͲٻȥǸƺѾңԶ˵ִǸе21ͣ˵ڴ˴ڶ˵һҲùɶûʱðɣ
ûĪİǹûпֲϮûдӪȣĪԣ޷ǲһεĥ
¹⣬͸õǡĪУİղôһӻһҹôʲôôأ
Ȼ۽һĪע⵽ڸղ¹Ͷ䵽ʱƵ
ĪæѺɫƶɫԱţ¹ȫغϵʱǸµȻ˱仯
Ļ𽥵εͼšҹİա֣ɫ£ɫӨ÷·Եγˮ
ҹİաϸĪĿ֣˵Ƿ壬˵ȴʮס
䣬شһ˴쳹һվĪվǰŮӡ
ǵȷһŮӣźɫװһͷһƴţһɫסİס
۾ʮȴ˹ְĺۼ
ŮӣǵУѣ
ĪЩǵУڵ壬ҪӮǰŮǲܵġĳ֣ٶ֮죬Ϣ͸֪Ī룬Ůӵ书жߡ
ѣӦòܣէңһ뽭֮ϵԻǰߵĻȽϴ

ů

λ͹ٶצӣϽǵղضͶƱš

ĪעŮӵһһ
ڱ˴˽ŵʱŮ΢ӣĪ뾪ȵУԥعˡ
ˡǸɫߵŮӵϥ£ֳס棬ϥǰĪ롣
ʲôĪһǵĶ·
ƺĪɻŮһ仰ɣҹȣٻǰ
ĪȻԭҹȣ̵һŮӵ֡
ҲˡĪ֪еġˡ˭ˣµûŮӵġԭˡӦİհɡ
û̧ͷҹɱֵͷµƣƼӵҹȡ
˵Ʋ˵˼ɣ
Ī˼ÿƣ¹תƣϵͼҲʧˡ
ҹȣ˷ֵĳĪƣǰҹȡ
ˣƽǡûĪҹԶվҲܾĪ֣롣
ǾȥǡĪ벻ɵסҹȵļ磬ҹԴУĪ뿴Լᶨò
ǡ
һĴ졣
˵ǵĴ죬ȫĵط
ΪǸ輧ľ۾ӵأ̻ƵصĻء
ǣΪ׳֡
ʱĺԺڡ
Ī˫ֳסһһˣһڸ׳֦ϣĪеϡ
Īıҵ֮⣬Ī뻹ҪһִʱԼѵһݡ

¥ƹ

Īڵһ̤ǿʼ֮أӴ˿ʼ߷˵塣
и輧ûб䶯ĪֻǵĻϰɫһĪ붼ٹʡ
輧ǶһŮһ¥ʵϰΪҲϰﾴ
ȻĪ뿴飬һпǲԸ飬ĪǻĵһվչֳҲûеΪѷĿһһϳ⡣
ڵǣԴĪԼҵĴһ˿ûбĪѹ壬ʱ򻹻Ϸϰ֮Ϸ롣
֮ʱ⣬Ī˿ûиоκβˬ˳ģĪҲô˻ԼǰǸ羫ӢеĪ롣
Ѿ»ָǰ״̬ȻȴĪ̲סü
զզֵڵִһĽĪȴ˿ϲַ·һ͵ġ
촽һɫµĪȻڼеĶˮʪĵ£ճ˵ߡ
Ī㡣ߵǰĲ;ߺʳںʯϣεɫȻ䵭һֲͬĪϬֲͬҹȳȵ񣬺ȴҲľ˯еİٺϻ
ǿȥעǲᷢġ
Ϣһ°ɡ۽ɨϵĪһۣŶ֡
첻ش𣬾ϰΪ㣬ûٶȰ裬Ϊʱ䣬ĽʶϰĹִ
200ϣŴһϢĪðϵĺˮߵʯǰ¡

ղض



ʲô£Īϵļһզʯϵʳ֮֮࣬ḻֱ²ȻһŮ˵ĿС
˹üŰţ⣬ĪһǴ򵽴У׷һٻţ⣬ţⷹʮˡ
Ī治ɫһڿţⷹȴϬÿڸƮŮˡ
ǰĺƸ輧ʹڻ˸Ժѡ¡
Ī뻹ǵãһ̤ʱ򣬿ǸŮӣɫıУԡڴ̨ĺĻУ˵ĮԵҲûκε
һµŮӣĪȴһ۾Ƽ
ԵһӯʵΧĪ룬ѯΩǸڴ̨ϵŮӣĪĵû˿ĸо
һ˲䣬Īܿϵľš
ĪһȶĲ·ͳ߰ߵŮӵĸǰǰưʲô֣
Ůƺ֪ĪĴڣתͷžϻ
ΡŮӻش
ΣΡΡ
Ķ뿪ˡأôɫһƽ˼ңҸһӦǲѵİɡ
¥κһŮ˶ĵط
ҲߡεشҲ嵭
죬ǸǵŮѡ¡
ܾ֮Ī֪ǸŮԸʧҲҪµԭ
޴ԭǸԭǸɵŮӵһ



ĻĶҪΪССοǰϤİŮ̻ʵģһֱҲ벻ͨһŮΪ˶Ķ
˵ʱ򣬴εһ˿ԥ
ȻʳһĪȴûд˿仯ͷ룬СһСѾͷ16ӽС磬ǸܿɰŮ
һõ˼ңȥҲ޷ǵȻҪͬġ
˹ĵȴԣյ䣬ĪѾǰһ뾪˵ţⷹڸС
˲죬Īʾⴺ˵
˵һ˼ңһһδĪӹʱͱĪܹ۲ƽǺΧĶ
䲻֪ԭ򣬵ǴμȻѡ£ҲȻûɾܾ
Դ⼸һ˼ռһɽ룬ξһֱڹ۲⻧ص˼ҡ
ǹ۲ô˶˵Ķֻ׳Ǹصһֱû¶صľٶݵĿԡ
˵пɣö룬ĪѾӴֹе֪𰸡
ʵش𣬡˵ÿҹլͻܵЩʲôΪɫ̫ǰӲ죬Կʲô
ʵɡ
ڣĪ۵һ˿˷ܡ
꣬꣬һȤ
ϣһβʧ顣
ҹ
š
ţżһ౨
Īһɫҹ£ݵöһһüһڡ
һ룬ɽգõһʢţװСǡ


4

Ʒ1

һ㣬ڸסĪ뽿СҹĪϬ۲լĽṹ
լһǴٹſڴʿѲߣдլ֮أ͸¶ͬһϢۡ򵥣
һ˿˷ܣĪúڽסڱǣӸԽ5ɵһһԾ£¹£ýӰĳ
ݴε˵һӽҹǾͻῪʼһЩδ֪Ļỻһֱճ
ڣĪע£ȽɫĴŴˣھϰҹĪ룬ǵһһ۵ףûʲôѶȡ
Ī뿴һȺĿĴȻ̧鲼ȥǵжѸ٣Ϣһרҵѵġ
ΪһؾЩȻһȤĪǰȥʱȻһֱ͵ĸоĪ䱸еĳһ㡣
˭ͺһĪó̵Ѫ
Ǻǣҹ£񲻿ϧĪĽУһϷʵҹƽŵЦ⣬Ī벻ü
СŮӲ£ҹ̫ѰѰȤˡ
Ī뻺֣ذ׵ȴû˿и
ŶڰУǸԵЩζ
һĪѸٴָ䵯룬ķȥ
Ҫ棬ΪҹȵˣҪϰ书ǲѵġ
û
Īÿٶȣ
¹Ҵɱɱʧǡڣڲɱ£һʮӴӺڰ߳

Ʒ2

˵޵ִ˵˾ͺñһڴһȺ˵֡
۾˫Ƥ΢΢üƺǺŵЦ⣬һ˫ɫ鿴ӵ
һ£ϰеұҹУ׷ɵ¾ӵĥ͸
ɱķΧͺͥһ㡣
ǶԸҪˣҲǱ롣ЦЦ𾪵˸Īĸоɡ
ֻҪߣûס
ǺΣյġ
ԽˣԽıǮ
Ľס΢ЦĿǰŮӣĽ۵һ˿ζ֮ɫ
ҹ£Ī뽿Сȫڲ£˫˫ȴһŮӵеϬڸղţ۵һɱһ使޵õ塣
ȴ̡
ԱĽףĪű־ΣС
ĪҲۡĻȤͽˣôΪʲôҪլ£
ǱȤǺôĽԼҲǸͽˣԶͬеʮоŶЩ˽⣬լϢӦҲֻͬе֪ôŮǡ
һ£Ƶ֡
ɫһ˿ȻȤŨҵĴС㣬ǰǵĴƺвͬ
ҵС黭ԸӹʲţλС㣬ǶԼ̬ȡ



ǿڵǴʧǡұŵĴʹŮһҹԸأ
ӣƺֶǡ
ӵȤˡ
׼ĽһۣĪҲǸͬˡ
׳뿪ķһۣĪȥ
ʼ磬ĽҲǰ
ںҹж谭Īü죬ҲĽһõṦ㣬Ծüס
ֻ׳ǰ鲼ᵽһʯשݣͷ׳ţڵ˿Ѹٴţ׳ǽ롣
ӣǸֿڰ
˭һͺȣͷǸ׳һԾǿƷĪϮĪ󾪣ľ룬۵׵ɱޱĴݵ۵ס
ذձܹ׳ĹĪذһɵĹһԾ㿪ʼ׳
׳󣬵ȴĪɣһһ׳ʼ·硣
Զ׳ǲʱѻֿ⣬ʼϹ֧Ԯ
۽ƼԽԽ׳ǣĪһҪֻˡ
ҹѣĽǿϷĪϣʽĪĹʱ˳ǰһƯ׳ʹֱð亹
ùȻûм书˿ιȴǿĹòϵĽ̲סü
ŮһֱڵķС
Ī׳ʹһ֣ܽǸ׳ֺסҪǰ׷ϵˣֻʹķأ
ˣĪ׷

ͽ

ƬҲȫ˰
׳һۣⲻ֪ǳɫӰѾˡ
صĪܣӴڽ롣
Ȼ˶Ҷһ㣬ΣյĻĪ벢֪
֪һ֣ͻһΣգʱ֪Ҳһֱ
ϱ׳ĵطǸ˰ҲǸӣȻȻŲ磬ȭȭ⡣
Щ鲼﾿ЩʲôĪ
Щǳ͢ԤϵãĽڴ̨Īɻڽ
һĽ׵ĳȻûз֣ʵΣա
ǡǹ˼ɣ
ٸڰһʷĹҵ֪Ϣ֪̽Ϣ٣Ӧġ
Ľ׾ڴ̨ϣҹ£ǳɫ¾ɫө㡣
ҪĪһڲ裬侲ʡ
ҶǱûȤĽָų̂۾ȴĪ룬˰£Ϊ˴ǿ񣬵ǿƺջһЩƵĶ
Ľ׵ᣬԶڸһȤ
ָоƺᱻһ㡣
أҪʲôĽʡ
ֻǵۡ˸Ȥѡ
Ľ׵ĻĪ˹˸ӸȤˡ
Ǹ˵ʲôݣΪҪѹ˵ĲֿУ
жĪ벻⡣
ѽô˰ҲȥϢˣĽջشĿ⣬
ɣĪ︹̡

һ

ҰһϺõ᷿ĽЦе˵
Īǳ鴤һ¡ˣǷ⣡
ˡط²豭Ī뻰䣬һԼ16ҵŮ߽ӻСѾ
ΪλӰŷȥϢˡ󡱶֣ͽǰɣòʧ
СѾӵÿһĽףʱұòԵɫ죬æ֧֧Ť°ڣ͵ͻһǡ
ʼ磬Ľ˴̨Īȥһüۣİ֪סЩӵ᷿ذһõĸҡ
Ľ׵ĿŤСѾʱɫϸ
һӣȻڸ᷿׼᷿ôһ׮ɫԣ
ǻ֮䣬СѾڴһĨζЦ뿪˷䣬˳ֻһ
һ֪ΪΣĪ뾹εһİ¡
ڶգĪյһ벻Ķ
լһ·װεĽȻдš
һ硭ЦİڣŽֽűʴһѺɫ
һ绹Ǻ磿Ī뿴ԼԵĽףĬ
ҪȥĽʡ
˼Ҷǰˣвصĵ
д˸СĽ״ЦһĿԡ
Īһɫϼ£ԸһµĽףǼָۡ
զһټͥѼˣЩŸ߹󣬽ǹٸĴٹˡ

Ѩʮ꡿

ԣĪʱ׷ױͶһֲ˼Ŀ⡣
ˣﲢİ
Ǹһ¥Ůӣһ
˲⣬˲мȴûɡ
֮ĪĽ׾ƽƽ˴š
ŵʱʼĪһֱ۲ŸĵΣ̨¥󣬼ɽӣĪеϤ
һ£ǿʼҲ˲٣żһϲʱ
һ磬ϧͻ֮ˣˡдܣ֮һϸһøλ硣
һλӴʱߵ룬ʵõ
ʲô˲棿
ʱĪЩĵˡ
һһ䡷ԣĽܵÿֵ̨Ůӣͷһ
Ҹ˵ԭļ硣·𲻾õĽ׳ɹĪ뽩Ӳģ
ĪĵײԤŨҡ
ҳȥߡվĪĽζ˳ȥ
ԶһϮ£Ľ׺ЦҡҡͷѱеҺ御롣
Ī봵øӾֵƺ˼롣
۽ƼһԣѾϲ˵·֪ͨδ
ĬһĪС·ȥ
ȷô·ĪԽԽĪϤС
ĪһԾԵһôΡĽ
вԭլĲ־Ȼϸ壬ÿһķ羰еصеõ˸оԹһ㡣

ءʮĴղض񡭡

ټ

ӲãĪ뷢֣լһ߸ߵ¥ŵƣȴʮţҲլΨһѲߵĵط
ۣĪ䴩ߣһ㵽¥
¥žӡ̴ľɵɢš
͸Ī뿴һ˳Ӱ鰸ǰ֪дʲô
ǴլˣĪ롣
˭ȻǸ˺Ʋʲôʵ
һĪվڴ̨ͤϣ֪ӦӦûش
¶ٴɤĪһϤС
ݲö룬ĪΪԼݣٳеɫϣ˽ȥ
ҹѧģȻ뻯ĵزܹˡ
ôݣǸӱĪ룬Ϥߣио
ȻתʱĪ̲סɴ˫ۣס˺
İգ
ȭͷ̲סս
δƺӿˣȴҲ԰˲٣Ҳȥ
ǣĪ벢ûйİյĳ࣬ȴҲǵ˵
ǣİΪλ
Ǹ˴ӣǰĪûаտ
ǼĪʱİյﲢûһ˿Ļɺ;ȣƽƽ˼İ΢Цţ۳衣
ôˣǲ̫ˣߵĪǰİյĪı
ҡҡͷĪѡ˵
о°ͱ̧𣬳ᣬĪŲײ۲İյı飬ͼҳһ˿

Ȼ

ǺܿϧʲôҲûУİյЦ·ǶƤģʲôҲ
ôôֻסĪϸĪǿԼҪýӲΪİյı飬Ǹ¶Ӧİյˡ
˳˵ҲΪİհˡ¶ɣ
еۡ͵͵˵һ䣬ԼҪôͻĪ뱻İջϥϣĪ뿴ϰڷŵ
ɽĪע⡣
İ΢Цţؿ˻еһۣİս˰ϵ֣ɽ񣬶ദͽΪԵ󡣡
ĪеЩã¶İյʲôˣİ͢ҲԸ֪
뵽İ˶ÿ˶ᣬǿˣҲЩѹ֡
ΪôҲĪһˡ
ʹĪ
ߵߵ
ĪջԼ˼룬ԹԵôİյĻ
Īİյͳɤ
ԼӰУһ˿Ͷһݱ𴩵Ŀܡ
үĪ˵
¶İָɨɨĪķЦ⡣
¶˵Щ١
ţ˵ɣ޷İɨĪıоŮӵĽӲİ΢ЦŹܼҡ
ǡջ񣬹ܼҾԼүŮӵ˵һĹٳǶˣҪֻʣүķԸ
šҿֻ˵׽סɽѯʸγεķİյǵƶš
ǡ


5



ŹϣİտĪеĲ⡣
ΪβĪʣİͼĪ
Īæֹ¶ȾǳȾү
һϧģİնĪ۾Ц
¶ƺܾûз̹ˡİմסĪ֫͵͵ĪҧȻί
Ӳһ壬Īҧ촽Լ̲סһƴ°˼Ķ
Ī벻ǲǵõİհ˵ʱ
ڣĪĹҪ֮ȫԵġ
ү˵ЦˡһĪǿԼҪ侲
¶ݣĪԼʲôһȺﶼпǣ֮
¶Ϊ˵ЦôһСɵĶİЦĵ⣬ѵ¶Ҳ㲻¶
һ棡¶ҡ
Ȼѻһڣһɫ
İ¶ǵĪԽԽ䡣
ĳ˵٩òֺ֮ʱܼٴν룬İյĶ˵Щʲôİղֹͣ˶Īĵ顣
Ȳ棬ȽۡĪƤգգ۾İһĪ䣬˳ȥ
һ·Ͼһãǰ˶ͣ˿еĶ
ղŻΪ׽ɽһ¶Եصգİյ΢ЦУԵøӵѹȡ
˲֪ǸŶı¡
İջлһŮӣ˽ͶԺĿ⡣



Ӧö֪ɽʥŭաİĳţǰ׽ɽ๩Ǿٳ֮˹ᣬɱʥϡ
˵Щʱİ٩٩̸û˿ࡣ
ȴˣɽᣡ˷׷ΪԼУɽҳ٣ϳͲǣ
ɳĬһβȿʹ֮ˣԴã
ŶһתİЦֻ꣬ɴ˵Ϊ
İյЦ⾪Եøӵ侲һֱյİָȴûӹĪ۾ة˴˻ν⣿Īǻҹɽҳ
ԹɫһֱĪĳǰȻɫ侲֫Ѿ
侲ĿֳΪ˴˵ĶԻŪýӲĪ֪İ
ֻһ΢Ц֪İԵһةλá
û˼ֻǡİϳβŲ׽ϷʣڱٵĹУһذ˵ǵɵĸıʧԣɴѵż𣿡
ذΪ͢У¡Ȩʡսȭͷش
Ҫ˵̫ɴ˵ıջ黹ԭ

˵ذѯʵ
ǵģذʱİİЦŽ
ֻ𾪵õɴ۾ŵܡ
Ϊβܣİʡ
ǸĿѣһ̱ڵϣһš
ѱ𣿡һ׳ȫ𾪡
ĪĬĬ۲İյı飬Цδû˿ʵȴϾ·
㡭ɵİһȻȻʲôƵģЦǺǡȻӢ۳ꡭ
˲⣬ЦЦıڳ˸еɻ



ĳҪɨӵλĴ󳼣׵һֻɽͬһ
Ǹ緢˵۽ǣɿ޺ֱУҼҴʵǸҾ棬ǸǸҵģȴҪڴˣ
ϣǸ˿޵ңȴ˺ġ
һ棬ɱһӰٵľ档
ǻλ10꣬µ۵λҲȣᣬɳҳǿڷĲ
һëСܵƹȨ
ǣⲻ֪Ǹ꣬ѹԼȨʱˣ㣬ն
ǸӣЩ͢ľɳ֪ȥ
ӵȨʱڶʱڣ㲻͢ҷΪܣҪļ԰ںεأںεأֻǿһ㣬ų²߶ѡ
İյ䲻󣬵ȴ˲ɡ
Ҫòۺ֣ȴſ󣬡ֻҵļ˲δ£ةҼһҲԸ
ĪΪİջܾʱİȴ΢ЦᣬѱңʴȣǰᵽǱĵ
ļˣ
·һЦЦǾ̫ˡ
Ī뿴ɱʿǴȥĴǷ׷ϯ
һһ磬һΪǸ˾Ļʵ·˼ʵȨУİյŸ˰Ϣ
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İգ˲ں
İһ·ᱧĪ룬һ߿ţİհĪڴϡ

һʯ

Īû˵
ôôԣİյϸ΢ţЦ
ӸĪӣİĶͷ
ܺôģĪʡ
Цⲻ䣬İĪɴ

ڸסĪͷķİյƺڶԴ˵ĵૡ
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Ī뻹ˡ
һˣʵ˭͸
ʲôʱֵģܵİյĴֵĲ֣Ī
һʼİû˼Ī룬İմӲڸԼĽթ
¶أ
ġʼ磬İտĪһѷĨȥϵױ磬ɶʱһǵ¶ڿУǺջˮδȻˡ
ջˮ˵ʲôöƲ죬Īʵ˵
İǸһ֮֮ϵһˮԣ˵ʲô¡
ͦı˲ĪģİЦŵûϵԸⱻɷ
ô
İյǣ·ܿһ㡣
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Ī벻ش
İҲᣬԸ˵һ͢һĴʼǻһܹȫıȫ͢ɵļ˵ķҲһ棬Գ͢ľ档
İտĪ۾Īŵ͸
ΪϹİЦõ⣬֪һȤҲ˲ٿɣ
İһۣĪֿסİղֵצӣ֪

߲

İһǵȻı飬Īĥ
İûиĪ룬Ī̤İҵĵһ̿ʼĪپһֱҹ֯˱İա
ҹ֯İʱɵһ֯СʱͿʼΪİЧͣǰİհҹȵƽĪ룬Ϊġ
ϣİձĪ뿪Ǹʱڻλڶİղò빬ȥ
ˣĪϢһһôİյĶûһ̵ļϡ
һ˵⣬˫۾Ϭܺİյġ
Ҫ뿪Īᶨ˵
Īû˵뿪ΪĪ֪¡
ҵһλʱѡ£ҲܷߡҧĪ񾱣İյַסĪ׽סԼ֣ȴԵ
ˣԭİһֱʵ
ɱˣôİѱһعǺˡ
ࡣİЦһֿסĪ°ͣǱϾŮӡ
ŴŮءĪĵԳš
һĪ΢׼ݵİյ¿磬İһͱĪѹ£ɭذ׵סİյĲ
ҵ˼ôİյЦţԭϲ氡
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˵뿪ҪͬġСذ׸һ֣Ůˡ
֪ر𡣡İյ
ҲΪʲôһзƽ˳ɲعģ뿪ɡĪ
ƽ˳ĺ͸ǣʹˣҪθ𣿡

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İջǵãǸʱĪ۵һƵķ̣ĪҪİ
ʱǸŮӵδɣȴѷ٣뱨𣬻ԶԶġ
Ĭһ԰ң
˵أգգ۾
ة˵ĻİոܵĽ˽ЦҿԴ빬ȻʱĻ
ջذףĪڲɱ㡣
Ȼϣǰֻ
Ҳذףϰ𣿡İյ٩õ
ǡ룬ִĪǹġ
ȤŮˡ죬İڴϣһЦ֡
ǰһˣĪ´֪ΪΣĪǲԸİ̫ĽӴ˺Σգһֻ˯Ļǵ¶ʱͻҧͷʣ
İǰĪǱķ
ˡĪɨİһۣĽأ
ղųȥʱĽѾˡ
ϯʱˡ˸İյĽһΣյͽˣ㰡òҪӽôࡣ
ƲƲ죬ΪɶѾͷǵöһЩаѹĴ˵
ôҲӽҡ⣬ĨɫѾԶ
һ£̶İմЦ
ߵǰһ󻨵ζ˱Ƕİ̲ס۾ǵЦδֹ
Ȼֵĸо
ţ嵭ҡʮȤ
Ǹҵӣȵ侲ͷԣ˿ѷɫжֵǣϢԴԴϵıȴʵͥ

־ڱص

Īɢûһ˿һСĽʣ෴ǺжϬ񣬶İյɻ
ǰ£Ըıһôࣿ
ҹİճ˼šδĪı޲ǣĸо⵽ô£
һҪ÷İգһƶǶĸ顣
֣ˣɵĺƲκ˵İһҪ齵ڻУѩ׵Ⱦĺۼ
еһ֦ĻƬİյСҪڱصã
һڹһֵĿˡ
Īصʱȭͷ̲סսս
㣬ˡĪæӭȥĪɱƵڵӣղžˣһֱҲֻǺȺȾƣֵļһ
¥Ѱֵôοʲô࣬ľƯĹȻ¹ڳȴֻǶ˺þá
ȥɣǮǵϡ
ԴһĽ׾ҲûгֹˣҲ֪ȥ
Īİշ¾ƱͳĪ˹
İӡĻһ䣬ȴǧ֮⡣
еôϣİЦȴԵһȺŮӣվͺá
ŶŶΧϷ˶һ̾
Ůզզ䣡
ܲ˰ԵĿ⣬Ī򷿼䣬İա
빬ˣһ£ĪƴסԼ飬뱻ǰɷ
ʱδĸֻӦ
İտóĪԶű˴˵Ĺϵİ̲סʵң

ʧеáʮ꡿

ɵӶóɣĪĵ׸š
˵ֻôһ䡣
ϾİһĪˡ
ʹġ
ǴСĪͲϵ͵ĺ£еãͱᣡ
ԣĪԼ壬ĵһΡ
ûνֵֵã˵ҪȽϣôĪͻشֵá
Ǿǲ᣿սһ㣬ʱİվƦӣһةӣЦȴа
ΪİյĴսĪܿİյɫ
İյϸ£Ǳ̼ĵ̳ƷƤܺãûпëסİպܰףİɫǴʱ˿£İյִҪʧĴ
ɫ̫á˳Լ˵Ҳ˳رİյ⡣
Ҫתƻ⡣İյḧĪ滪գŵ٩
֪Īüˣװɵ
Ȼű򿪣ǴΣʧˡ΢΢˸񣬴ΰϵȫ׵Ĳ߷ϰڷźãһϡǴεֲ衣
鷿䣬İջϷʵı飬һ΢Цò裡
Ļһۣεͷ΢ȴңİò衣
İǰ󣬴Ҳ˳⣬ֻһԿʼ
װŷӣİǸܵˣ𱭣š
ǲζζɢʣ˻ζ
͵ĿͶϣȻֻһ˲䣬ȴĪ벶׽
ЦһôةҲЩ

ʮ񡭡Ƕ֧񡭡


6

СŮ

ɫðѲһĪԣٺõĲҲǲѣο춼ܺȵԡϡǧ󣬵ĪǰͨҶ졣
ϰĪ㲻ͲľٶҲһԵļеĹݣİգһϧĿĪˬֱĺ࣬۵̾
Ĳةฮ䲻İյ
εָ΢ܿͷӦ
Ҳ벻İڴǰҲô˵ĪҲһ侲Īܿ췴Ӧ
ֱӰİյֱĪ룬ةฮҿԸӷ㰲㲻ôԶҲס룬᲻١
Ķˣİ룬ɲԼˡ
͢Ǹط̫Ҳ̫į
Ļشûһ˿ҡ
õϢ
һ仰˺Ī侲ߣһѷ쿪ʼ겻ıɽϣİ̲סЦ
ܣҧгݵĵİգİƼٵĿĪŭǰǳ𣬽ʣһ˵δôҲʱ֪
һǰɽҵһŮԳǷţǷҵСŮİյıЦţȴ棬ϰУв鲻Ψֻ֮ʶ֮ǰȥ϶ݣǸˣӦֻ㡣
ѾõϢʱ·˹һ㣬˻š
оеɧĪסؿڵĲʣΪʲôһμʱ㲻˵
İյĻĪ뻹Щɵġ
ϾûڼʹǸзŵŮӣĪҲϲɡ



иһ˵üİշʡ
İյĻҭסȷڷֱİˣ֮ĪҲ˵ھԸȥˡ
òҲԹĪ롣
ôȭĪ뾡еƽϢҪôܼ
ڲСƷһڱеġϡİյŸĪ⣬ǳ͢æʱ򣬻ƲͣǴʱ빬ض𻰱
ȻǸʹôΣգôʵΪΰýסУ
ʵۣվ֮ϵλãȻĪ벢һĻʵۻ˼ڱһŮϡ
ǸĪδıġáǸĶǵĻʹΣ
㲻õġİ˵ƶϲܵģҪһˣô˭Ҳ
ǸʵǷȥãĪ䣬һı䣬⳰˿ܲ㣬İة࣬ڹãмΣΪʵۻķһϣ
֪ǷĪĴĪƿİ۵Զ
Īİ˵ȷϲķڷŵϣᱣġ
İû˵ڵǡʵǽýԻǲ÷ʧġ
ǣİû˵ڡ
ԸˡһĪЩǰܵãʼգֻĬĬţȻҲڲ죬İյӣΪ˲ӵ˵Щܵ£
񾭴Щɣȫܵģƾİյһ񣬴ξ֪İյĻȫֳĶࡣ
˵İջô˵ԭ򣬴ҲֻУһ֪εݣԲŻô޼ɵ˵ɡ

ʢ

ĵҡҡͷΰ̾
ϣĪ벻ᱻİյˣʵǿֲ
˼죬Īһ磬ûʱġ
ǰĪƶģһһεشʢᡣ
磬Ǿ
ȱģˡ
統ֻг10ƽ˲űľ̨ҲΪ˸һЩ׵ȡİ취һɫŮӱϾ̨ҲŮ޼Ϲԭ
磬˵˾һЩŮԸȥչȭŵƽ̨
ҪСЩŮӶһӵһĺñ죬ửǶׯ˿ѷɫ˼ҵŮӡ
ǿһ죬ĪűšŮ塱ΪЩܸɵŮѰһ·
ԣվϾ̨ϵŮӣž绪һ
°ȻÿĪ룬İնԾƺűȤھҲš
ǳ͢سЩ̻֮Ҳ˻ƹģʵ˷̵İյЦˡ
ܱ㣬ǻֵáİղ¿ڹԡ
Ц
Ŷ˵ʵģ٣İ̧Ī°ͣĪİЦø
۶Ҳ򣿡һĪİǮûط
𡣡ڳԣİȴû˿仯һЦ
ֻ𡣡򿪸°͵ȣĪӻ֣ʾŴΣˣͿ͡
ȻֹεͷȴӲİ롣
Īһۣİյ֮գİĳǰݷá

Ͼ

ŵ
Ī뵹ڴϣ˸Ƿ
Ī벻ΪˣһӵǰһģһȻŶĪȤȴû˿١
ĪС󶼿һٵףƫƫİȻƻÿЦȴû˿覴á
İ̫αװĪԼĹ۲칦˲ˣ

Īİɫľٰˡ
裬ƻʢȴ컵Ϣ
һšԵ㴩һ볡ϣ龰
Ͼ̨ϣɫ̨ˮ룬Χ¥㽥ϣۿȥŸ߹ӡ
ʵ֤ʹҪʮƽ볡ѣҲٹӦֻΪлһͶʹֻһ÷Ҳ
һ˫Ϭ۾ĿֵĻ᳡
״ΣƾĪ䣬Īеٳҹȡ
˵ҹԶɻģҹȹĻش𣺡һ282ˡ
ƺ㶽ҹһۣĪһڡϡҲô
Ī⣬ҹ⣺ǵġ
ǰǸӾƱЦ
İգ
ȻڳҲӹٳİյĳȴЩԼᱻСĹԱǲ˰Ѻ
ܣ˴󲿷ŵͷʾСĿʼ
ˮһĻ
ɫԼԼڸסϾ̨ɢһ͵ĹݡѡŴε٣ڳ˶ʼڴϾ̨ڵľɫ

Ⱥ

ӣǰƷ͹ݾɫӣҲһȺĽˡ
ССУԲεϾ̨˷ĺչֳ
վϾ̨һ8λŮӣÿһ̬һɫ浾ȻÿһŮӵĳ඼̲ססǳȴɫڳ˶̲סȻĶ
ͷǸִõŮӿʼϵ࣬ƵָдʣŮһʼ赸
һеɫڳӿֱ۾
Ω¥ӡ
İ͵ĿϾ̨ϵݾĵ̲ס̾Ī۹⡣
ЩŮɫɢĲ׵ʲԵɡ
ǸѵŵŮӣİ֮⡣
ڳˣϵ˼һǹĺˣɫȻǫ̈࣬ϽİλŮӾĿɿڴԵӦİնŮϰɡ
Щɨȴͣ񣬾Ͷ䶼ɢŮǣһ֪Ǳѵģ񣬶Ĺﲻͬ
ʱɽ亣ζԶҲǻģӭܣʱ
̨棬İĬĬűеļӢƣİһƫģԳĻʵЦȤ
200˾Ͷ8ŮӣⳡϡΪ󣬴̨ϰŮӵۣҲȤ
꿪ʼˣ׼һǸ߼ۡ
žĿԽԽߣ̨ϵŮƺһж⣬ֻǼǵĽŲ·һж޹ء
İտߵһľ֣ߵļλѴﵽһǧƽ𣬵ЩǷ׷׶ɫֻΪ֮߶֣Ҳ˼ֻЦŵĿϧ
һҲϣҲͣˡ

ɽ

λŮӣֵǧƽӴĿƺ漣
ȴһϯ
Ͼ̨ϵŮӴʱ׷תһ΢ЦȭķлĽ̵֮
࣬ȴŷӵζ죬ܹ̬߳ĪԵʡ
ûлӦλŮû˳Ͼ̨
һȻڿУһ˻ͭɤ쳹˰ͷ˵ˡ
紵һ࿡ӳԣϬԴŮӣһ˿͡
󵨣ʲôˣļǷ׷ǰסӣȴڵϡ
ƣСɽկһˣĴЦǸͭƿһǵ¶ǰڳһ
ˣ
ʹǸղŵİŮӣλķ绪
ϵĳϢ·Ȼģȴ˿
կüĪȷԼկû˿Ľ
ȣȵȡկĪǸ볯͢ٳɽ
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ǴկĴЦȴԼ̶˽סü
ƿҪסĪѨȴһֻӱַ赲
ҹȡ
һɫ£űֻ߰һֻ־͵סƵơ
ЩĿҹȣƵǹһȤĻȣʼҹ
İҡҹȺƵĴ򶷣ǸĻȡ
ۿҹȵ治ɫһתȴת˸Ī뿳ȥ
Ī룬ҵģ
ԥĪɵһ㣬ԼٶȭƵļѨȥĪĹŪЩס벻С书Ȼôǿ

Ů

ңǲ书
ͽֲĪÿһ¹ʵȴȴ
Ʋð亹ȭŹ򣬱Ի书˸ѶԸ
еѾڴεָ˳ŮؿϾ̨һۣҲ뿪
İտĪĹҲһ
Ĺ򣬾רҵѵɱ֡
ʹ飬ǽǳȭٶȺϬĹʽİտóǸССصľ޴
Ǹϰ֮ˣİ˼ȫǾϡ
ոǿôǰΪλ޸֮
һУİյɻ
ڳ״£һٺȥȭȭĴ򷨣ٺϵҲͲÿˡ
ĪһƵֱۺƳʹһתסĪѨʱĪ붯á
ϵֱ࣬ۼϵĸоƿЦʹѾͷҵ𣿡
ư̾,Ҳ࣬ϷŮˣһӵʵ۵ߣɽկǸͷˣܺ߰
ҲˣôһŮ˵ģڶŮ޾ôأػŷҵѪͳ⡣
ˣ죬ƺְĪһ㿸ڼϣĪβöİ̲ס˾Ʊ
ģ쵰ס֣ûܹĪҧֻ嶯Ҳˣֻ۵ɱΡ



ƫգգۣʵֱһ̧֣ĸЩۼҹüˣһ°ɫĩ
ҹҪ׷ΰĭȻҹüͣס˽Ų
Ϊ˸ղŵĿյƺĪϢʧˡ
ǸƵӣһ书żõṦ
УֻʣҹȺİգڸղŴ򶷵ʱ˳Ͼ̨
կİտϾ̨ϵҹȣĪûĳ侲ЦҲδ
ҹȱȭһ۶ӣתһԾʧ
İյ
Īıٲ֪ΪΣİ̲סȭӵİյǳɫҲ
ǸŮӣƺռȥİյ⣬İվصĲ
һֿӼİգĵͷ
һԭӡ
ǰկƿİս˶٣̤ѩһȡ
׳һ㶡
׳⡣
İյģȴɡ
֪Լʧˣ׳æش𣺡ǡϳ
ҹˡ
һ·ɱĪһֱƵıϣǸƺҪĪȥƵṦһԾרߵ·ߡ
쵰òҪԵҵϡȻʬ޴桭һ·ĪǿסӷƸĲʣҧ˵Ļ顣


7

ⱻ

СŮޣǻҲȻûկͲˣƺͷβͲ֪Լж̶Ī̲סü
Ұ˵вɤôŪİˡӶĵĪڸԼϲ
Ƴúܾ׳˧һɫļܽ˫Ŀ񣬻
ɤȣж಻Эж಻Э
ر𡣡Ϊ˵ûнĪе̽
ҿԼİɡĪȻֶӣǸеҩ֪ʶԶһҪȻĪжļƣϵСҲȡ
Ƶһ£ĪǺܿͼɱţⲻ£ұ졣
߳ŭˣĪĲƺùθءΪʲôҪԼɤǱ˺һǳ̫̫Żᡭ
ƳͷƵһԾһԾ£ǿĪµĸоǿ־Īǿסֻס԰
Сᣡýҧ
ˡЦһĪص
ѨʱͿˣĪѨ⿪кܵ!
ߣһ˶䣬ƲǸ̨ϵۿͲǺûɫۿ㱻ȴ㡣
Ʋ죬ĪԭİջϾ̨氡Ī붼ҪİյĴˣҲҪȰ
Ī˵ȻЩȻõѾͷǹҽģƾȣһ1718ŮޣͻıкõļƻСˣ

ӡʮ꡿

бһۣĪĵ㻹Ǵ޿ɾҩ
Ī⣬һܽĪ֮£ҹҲܿ˱ٶ׷
Ī룬ǶǸկȤˡ
ʲôԭԸڴ֮ͥ¸Щֺõ飿
ллǣڲϵķɱ֮У˽⡣
ƵṦʮ˵ãԼĪ1ʱһþ޴ľ׮ɵݶĪߡ
ƵļϣĪƵ
ˡ
һ˸ߵĴľű򿪣ųصľ׮ԼʮѴľŴ򿪣ƽկ
ɻˣסկ˼ƿһŮӽկû˿ľȣһƴк
ĪϰƵĻܣ൱һС͵Ĵׯӣ磬ķݶԵúǼª
ͷأ߿Ī첽ȥʡ
Ǳء
شƺԥɽկȥ;һƬɽ֣뿪Ⱥƺһĵط
Ҵˣƴһ̶һĳƵĴ£ĪһƬľ
Сéھ׵ĻаţǰСľСľʲЩ΢ĻľһЩݼЦʮִ顣
ų룬붼Ѿ˴ɫͷϵĹ˵²ɣ
˵ݺͣĪĵ鲻Խֳˡ
ҵĹԹԣ´ЩҪҸɣŮأҵֵڻۣͭɤԵʮֲЭһѰĪ붪¼磬Լĸ첲

ءզôż۰

в

ƵԹ⣬˸ų΢ЦſǰվŮӣǷ
ĪϬ˵۵һ˿̾
ǣҲǡĪش𣬲֪ΪΣˣĪǰ˵һûбҪ¡
΢ЦÿĪ룬һҰ׵ĵš
һԽסҡҡͷ޶˵ȤʲôҲǣǼǻǲǰ
ҽĪ롣Ī뿴ԼĻʱû˿ı仯֪һ֪Щʲô
֡ЦһԵľϣִȥ
⣡ΪҲĪһֱûд𰸵⣡
ҴһʱʱѾģˣ׼ȷ˵ҵľ˷Ī뾡ñȽǳ׶Ļס
ôȥ𣿡ʣ͸ǡ
ҲҡͷĪͷɽҰĻ㣬ĸʱգûͣɣһгޣΪе걨𡣡
ǵģĸʱգĪĴڶпޣΨһͬǣûΪɷǵˣûʶǰûˡ
ĪбҪ¡
ԣĪڻ뿪
ĿĪһۣ䣬ȴһָ̾ҲҪ뿪ôͲҪһ㡣
Ī뿴ˣʱ˵Ļһӡ
ʧԼķôȵҪʱͻ֪ʲôʹ˵ܿ͸һе͸һҪ뿪ôмҪԼģҪκˣҪκ¡

ƴ

һĬĬϴ֣Ŀźˮ֪˼ʲô
˿Ī˼ģ죬ĪҲġ
Ī롣ԼһϰˣͲĸˡ
ڱϽӽ֮ǰǵĿˡ˿ڣĬĬתƻ⡣
֪˵˼Īü˵ڷҴ˳Ȼ󵽹
վƲȥ˳е룬ĪеֵʱƲתģһƦӰˡ
Ǹӿɱ浾Ķˣֻ̫ϲӡСС˼ʮΣÿһζץ˻Ҳ塣
Īע⵽̸ŵʱɫȻ䣬ȴ˼š
ĪԼĲԹɫͨźܴţԵӴƵʱüЩζ
ôʵ۽ӽʹģƺѾеˣĪ뻹̲סʡ
˵Ц⣬ƮתϡƱ˺Ī뿴飬ЩƣԼӳȥ˭ֱ֪ͱʵ۽ӽ£
˵ˣƵģЩЩܣ֮ܣ
˵꣬תͷȥĪ٩
Ҳã˵ڻʹʵۿСãúóԵúãҲùƫƧɽկίԼĪѵöһأ겻ȴһ˿ֻζ
ʲôĪı䣬𣬡ʲôãÿ˶ôãֻܻһһεӣôôҪӾ͹ҲûôҪɣ
ˣĪüһ٩٩̸

֮ʹ1

ʵưǸķǵˣʵ˭šһ仰ơ
Īͷʹޱ鵫ȴȴŸͣѾ֪ˡ
ŭһľȴžǿˣĪ뿴Ĺ񫡣
Ҳϡϡϡˣ˦ͷһԾӰ
ĪߵĿɵľٶȻ˲ò࣬˳ô죬ԸȴСӣҲóܵ͡
ҲЦƣŮˣҪһ˸ǱȽѡ˿ȥķ̾ǸҴСҪߣûסȴΪŮͣסŲһŮˣһš
˵ģǡΪͿ͸Ƶ˰ɡ
ʱ򣬵ԣԹ壬ҲΪˣ˶˲
źƳһܣվɽ֪ϵĳǡõˣڵ֪ǷҵСŮͰŴСҡͷЩ̾֮ǰתңҵ֪ʱ֮ȡϵ취һ
ȥһ̲סһöۡ
ġЦý
ٶһöۣǰĪ䲻ףΪ˽ݵ˰ɣĪ̲ס
ƵôŪģ
ԼƵġ̾һ䣬ĪԤˣֻЩ档
Ϊʲô
뵱ʢԼİŮˣºŻȻ򣬿ҲΪʱҡͷŻ

֮ʹ2

һǵõƵģѵһˣȴΪں޶ǰܳ˹ģʹǸŮԭƣҲǶĵʹ࣬ȵ˺ɤǾȻˣȴˡ
˵ĻĪҲܰǰǸ˺˿еȽϡ
ʹͦأ
ʹûоĪȴ֪ʹ˵˺ѷΡ
ҲĪҪˣⶼˣκ˶ӲָĿĪ룬һ˫صص
ôӦôûй࿼˻ԶĪ˿ֻ֪ſԽáš
Щ²ǿ󡣡˼Ƭ̣üƺŵЦ⣬ߣһ빬
ָ֪ʲôĪüİգ
˲ֻЦţȴĪ𰸡
ҲϲǸˡĪ˦ͷǰһƬҰĳջ
İĪ˵ǸΣնˣĪϹ۲ǿȴһβܿóİյ˼
ԸˣĪûаա
漣ȻڵݣҪֱǵ֮ѡ˸ųİЦ
һа취ġ֮бҪĪ벻Ƿİյ顣
ǰȻȡҹƣҲĪ廻ģĪõֱ̹
Ҳ롭ǸʲôϸˡĪ롣
Ϧ£ǵһ˿޿κΣǰһӢˬŮӣ۵׼ᶨϬ
ҹ˾Ϊ˵ĻŪʧߵĪȴòһ߳硣



ɫ£׵Եøӵģкҹɫӵˡ
ϵƱŲѣü¹ȴһ5Ƶݡ
һ˲䣬Щ㱣ΪŻˣһжûз
ĪȴĲЩʲôƣ˭
ҹɫУֻϸ΢Ҷײ
Ѿͷ˯ţͭƵĪһ֪˭
ƺǺ˯ǰ֮ǰĪ粼ĵɤţʱ˿ȴȾ˵ͳ˻ƣ˳ࡣ
š򵥵ûһĪڵɽ϶еĲ֪Щʲô
ƺϰĪĳͷԾ֦ҲװðĪ¡
ôˣͷ˵Щʲô
ƱŤ͸¶ĹУĪǲ࣬Ȼûб飺ֻҵǸʱա
뿪֪꣬ǸطǷű仯
ʹû˻ĪĴڣǶǸطĪ뻹Ÿġ
ʮ꣬ĪﳤƴŬԼøǿǸû˵ĳУȴĪĺˮ
ǸطĪ뻹ܻܲȥأܣôأ
ǸĪͻȻ˹µ°ɣ
Ī̲סЦ
ЦܺÿѴַĪķϣţ㱾ͳȴҪһűװ˷һź
ԼȻͷϵֺůĪŤתͷָֻһĮգȴûĿƵĴ֡



ܰʣ޼ֻбԼ˺⣬һֱĪ뱣Լķ
ôˡƴЦȴް˿Ц֮⣬͸ĵ档
ƺ仰ŵĪתͷƵ񣬺ҲůĪȴҳ١
ĪܵŵķӦĪͷͶ䶼Ǵõ³衣
ҵģҵĻô𣿡ƿЦõҡҡͷĪ룬һ۵ĸо
Īܼǿǿ̫ͷˣ˿˾ۡ
һŮӦǵʱڣǴɢ䲻ĳ죬Ҫúϧĳ嶯
ĪҪһ۵ʱһ䵽ںҹ
ſ
Ϥߴʱȴ̴ֻ̹ǣĪһվԼԶĵطǸһµĿӡ
Īûмİգ˪İյöסԼͷƺҪմһ
ʹȣĪȴȻű̬ȫԼͷϻһ˫֡
Ӵİة࣬ô𽵹ªĵطܳƶİյĳȫ޸Уʼ磬һƦ񣬴ȴҲû뿪Īķ
İ۰ǵĶ۵ףֻĵ׺аѻڰǺݺš
ֻֻĪͷϵĴֺݺݿ
ƽİյĽӽֻỻĪԶƵǣĪ뾹Ȼֵ˷ӣûѵĴ㡣


8

ŭ1

İȭԵ׳ƺоеŭЩĴ̽Ŷŵһˡ
ǸɫŮֵŮӣޣһǿҵУȴƶһƦģû˿ĸо
ŭ𣬺ƶڿʱǿʼġ
׳Щ죬˵һκ鶼侲ǵ΢ЦҲ·ǶƤ⣬һͲԾĸо
׳оİǿҵ⡣
Ůӣкջˮ
İյӲһΣİյһξܣ
ƾʲôƺʲôįʣµһָֻĪİΪڱĪ롣
ҿԴʹӲȴ޲
ĪоƵ׽ЩʵҪ룬ȴİյĻס˶
˵ʱδ
ǺǣʹǸطҲԴȥΪͷ㲻İةࣿƺ̫ЩԿһ򴦱䲻İةģΪȤƿûǣǰһ죬žǱǸʵ۴˳ܣȻеĻİա
ȻİֻԱûʲô΢Цĺʲô¶ֵĲˬ
ȭİҲܲԼŭŨŨī
һֱ׷İԵīȻİյ˼ԥһǰʵȭʵžͺƴ
ܵǸī׳գһ˿죬İյߣղôһ֡
īĹһˣīȴҲû˵ʲôƵһĪһʹĪͱĪİա

ŭ2

㲻Ϊʲô˵˵žͿĪֻһᣬȻһ˫Ĵֱסһ÷ռĪĺ
ʲôİյ֣һ̧֣ͼİտԼ˫۱䣬ǳɫ˵֣Ƚֽ
ģ
İյġӡĪֻһնϵĸоܸܵİյ£ƺǰ䡣
еڶˡƺǸ̾һİձĪתȻھƺī
ī
һϬصī֣ͣһԾ㵥ϥİոǰīڡ
˲ԶʹƣİյֻظǰֻǱůȴû˿иظ
˫ȴǿƵĻĪ룬İԶ
ͷİսнԶһ£Ĺ𴽽ǣһ޻Ե񾲡
ϣĪֻİץ۵֣Ϭúƿ԰İڳһ
Īĵӣİ˫ۼ£һ²ؼ̬ȣһĨǳЦģôʱİտᡣ
һҲᣡĪֻʹأ
ڣİպƸܵǹֳȵĿ⣬΢΢۾ǵĪסˡ
þϵķǣ˺Ʊڶ㲻԰εĳĺɫС
İյѣ࿴
㲻ղŻѹֵգɴʱȴĳ㺡
˵ɣ˵ʲôŶͷĪ뾡Լ˵
Ĭ죬İմӳµһȡһòĳ塣

֮

·ǸӦ٣ڱΪǰѳĳֶɢһĹâɫİ׹üݳī΢΢
ýĪ벻صĸ̾ż
ǰھУûнӴҪôһĽǲܵġ
ǰͨѩ׵ĽӨɫĽʰţǼʹ뽣ԶĵطҲɢҹâһֲݴ
İյָϽʱһ£Ȼ׹⽥ȥĪĿת
ԵĽ
ղĵĲãѺýһɢ
ϲ𣿡ԼҲûвĳ磬İűĽʣûдĪ˿һԵ顣
סһ֮ʣһ˵ĽĪˡ
ѪİɫڽӽλãĪ뿴ˡ
ԭ˽˿ѷɫɫҫۣ貣
ѽܴݲҹ
šѾûоȥӦϾİյעӣĪ뽥ӹ͸ϸ
Ľ¹£ɭĽð⡣
ǱߵĪ£ҿ󣬾ȻѽؽʣϬĽ˲䱻Īðѽ쵽İյĸǰȴɡ
ȷһѺýӨ󣬽ô˵Žָǰ˼֡
İ΢Цҡҡͷûнӹϲ㡣
޹»Ī˵ûһ˿
İЩ죬ǽڽÿ˶֪ǽԵı֮˶õ

ʮ꡿

ŮӣȻô
°ɣֻܱŮӵУҵҲû˿ôİļ֡
ǾӲáĪ˵ЩʵֻƭˣʵͲǷ飬رİյģ빬ӦҸǷ̫࣬Ժ໹ˡ
һŮҪԼվ֮أûһҲġİ˵ʵĪ书ãȴ湦򣬶ԴѨ֮ûĵֿ֮
˼һĪҲİ˵еοİ˼֣ȥԵ̫ˡ
ջأĪѧŹ˵İ˸˫ȭգȻˣҾͲˡ
ͣ⾿ǶԻǴİյ˲
ǰȻŮӣİֻöĸһձһոӣĸоİȴᣬ˵еĪů
֣̲סḧĪͷּܵ䷢İЦĺᣬеɤúҹԵø빬֮ѾڰţԣͰᵽסɡ
Ȼ֪İյ⣬ĪĲȻԴϰҵ˺ܶ࣬в֪ġ
Щǡ
뿪ʱ䣬һ˿šİ΢Ц
Ȼ˼Ҷô˵ˣʲôɾܾأ
Ǿ߶ˡЭĵͷĪĵװ̾Դİգԭͱһҡơ
ǰھӵʱͷ縺ȫԱİΣһǹϳŵģİȴһ𽥴ƣһǣ΢ЦʱҲһУȻûһ˿覴á

Ѷϵͳ磬½ʾżո10µΣһ10£Ҹۡ

Ӱ

ˣһҪúĸо
İճúݣͬĪһֱʶǰߴҲ㣬Ǻ͵һʤѩȾ˳
ȴ΢ЦʱҪһİգƴͻմϱߡ
ڣָֻž³ʱҹһƬž
Ī벻ɷ˵³ȫûһ˿ŮӼֵģİտЦá
գңȥһЩ顣
İյ΢ЦУĪѾûӰ
еġաô˳ڵ˵˳İտһر𵽼ľٶ
Ż⺰ֵˣֻһ˰ɡ
ϲ֡
ңİҲҪĪ뺰ةࡱǡˡĳƺ̫࣬Ҳòš
İյĵȴУĳһװĪ룬һɫµĴΡ
ĿĪϳϸҹкӯӯһ㣬Į
ΣȽݰɣ䡣ֻһɫ£ʹҲȾϷ纮
εͷȴֱߵڳǰİգһ֮񣺡İӣСӾͷӶչˡ
İ΢ЦȴûǰԵĪ룬Ц⣺һġ
³īһ˦ޣ㿪ʼ
ҹɫ£ǸɫѵŮӾþò뿪һֱӰΪֹ
ϿʼĪ뾸žסˡ
ڶ죬Ī뻹𴲣ǰĹ¹һʵĲĪİո׼ġ
ֻһɫ£Ī뿪ʼ緹ǰıؾҵϡ

ءѶڲ񡭡Ҷղš

֮ϸ

ȻĪý࣬ǰԼ̶ȻĺԶѵֻǿﵽǰ֮Īһֱơ
ǣҺĪľ
85ʱŮΪĪ緹벻ǸةŮӾȻѾˣҡ㵵ľٶ
С㡭ǡŻŮһ˵ŮſǻĻĪ̲סü
Ůڿʲô
С㣬ɣΣաŮԵúܷˡ
ŮᣬһδһλСλСľٶȴ˾ףˣ͵ù˰
졣Ī
ū澡Ȱ˵ȴһϣ°ɡ
֪ŮΨΨŵŵӦһŵ·ȴ֪ǺãЩΪѵĿҲҲǡ
·ߣȥò÷׺ľ£ɫһ͵ЩͺáİտŮ3׵ţҡҡͷԸ
ǣŮӵæ¡
ϣȷǺλС㡣
ѵةฮҪŮŮϲ
֪İվԿԼĪȴûйᣬԼϵĶ
İһԵʯ£覴õÿǸΪȾʪ˰ɫµĪ롣
ˮñĵ½ԼԼճŮΣİһת۾ܵЩ΢İ졣
ڣ200ϺĪԾͷ󺹵üŹµİա
ôڣһ仰δ˼ͳ˿ڡ



ЦõĿǸֵԼŮӣİճôǵһα˺Ե˳ס
סϰߡ
ⲻ֪İյĽĪúܶ࣬׷ʱ򣬴̶˯ԹˣƬͷҲסϰߣ
·Ѿ׸ˡϰԵĪͷĸĪܲȻ
ҵ·áҪǣϲЩ䷱
ҼǵֻףһЩİջӵ߽Ժڣ򿪷ţĪȴüں
ǵֻ򿪹һΣֻǿɨۣԼµİվȻôʱھͿһ
ҲˡĪ뱾Ͳ㳤סԲ
İյȻ֪뷨ȴҲƣ·Щ͹Ī밴ڽͭǰİһϸΪĪ
ô鷳İյֲûкĪȴû
ΪʲôǱʶãЩ᣿
ĪǵãԼǱ¶Ժġ
Ƕļ䣬Ժȴûǹκϸڡ
ǲԼĸĸʲôˣֻǵôʼЩʼͱͬļͥ
һǸʱԺƯĺӡ
ÿ˶˵ϲ
ÿˡ
ǼǸ߹ٵĺӣΪֻһҪһŮ
ǸǺƯһˣָ˵裬Ҫ
ЦĺܿģΪĪҲϲδĸ硣
ãһ뿪ǸССĸԺ
Ȼþ
촺㣬һ˵ɽ¶ӪһֱܺãʲôõģҲСΧܡ
ܿģһʧһ̤ղ¡
Ϊ˾һѣСС۵𽥱СȻʧ



ǸʱŵʲôҲ
ֻǵԼֱ˹¶ԺǼºƺЧӦļͥһⲻңģϵЦҲûˣȡ֮Ǳ䡣
Сûиרһᣬİȴĸо
󲻵ģҲȥ
İ̫࣬ľԽأĪһ߾ᣬȴҲš
סİյ֣ĪȴܵһֻůḲסģ׾ͰĪְסĪɽ˦
ûϵϲЩ¡ֻֻϲ
һһµİϸϸİĪķֱټ׵ðѷԺɫ󶨣˼һְһԵ䡣
ÿһ¶͸ͭĪ뿴һİϵÿһϸı飬Ҳûд
Ϊʲôİһة࣬һ֮£֮ϣȴԸΪױ磿ڼƻʲôǡ
žǸ˫ϬŮӣ޼еžɫݶ˼ܼ׵ķͣȴóĪ⡣
Ưİ΢ЦſžһˣУǲɷָ塣Цһ۵ᴺ⣬ƺݺůҲûд˿̵ů
Īû˵վܼҼҴҵĸ˹İձ˾
ɫ䣬İտĪƺЩȤı飬ųʵҪһȥ𣿡
áͷĪ
˾Ӧþִ̾רܰ참鰸һְЩĪȻǲģŴ̫ãѾûйӴĻˡ
һ𡭡İ˵һߵʱĪѾǰͷİһЦ


9

ة

ԶĮİղ֪ǸϲǸñ
εҡҡͷһж۵׵ϹܼȻĿİյЦգ֣Цݱǰࡣ
ǸŮӵĳ֣ĬĬǣʲô
İةࡣİպһݾɫŮһͬڴһ˳΢΢һ㶣ƺЩȣǺܿвĿ⣬İһ
񡣡İЦŻش𣬿ĪµʱҲ΢Цλ
İղգȴŻһԵڣǸλةλǸŮȴ֮ɫǸλϣµİվȻһ˿𱸣ڸλ
һİʾظղŵλãһʾκ
˼ة˶ûˣһСô
˾ɫܲ̲ﷱæİЦţȴֻ
İպҲԴİնӵĻصٴαʾ
տҪͷˣӷҪİȥԱ֮£ӹİӦ֮ߣǸһź׵İةྐྵȻϸʧ٣
ҵǣԴİةԣһƷСֻӡ
Ͼ˭֪İյȥ綼ԴӴĺ̨ǵǵ΢Цŵˣ»ʬҲ޴档
ǺãίԼɡ
һ£Ȼû˿ͷӶɱ˰Ū̲ͷöһ˵ãԼһӲ˼ʮꡣ

̲֮

ǸץľԭһжǻϺİղõľֻ֣һ͡УǺУȴæòã
֪ԼûлϺİĬæֵԺ֪ܲһܴӰæгһЩЩʱ
ȷæ෢۵Ķͷĵ׸š
ŶİպЦĿƤŨŨĺȦشЩȱȱ
ڣİʶʱܳҲ˽ǸȻɧذˡڹųľԡ
׷ɱ˰ַŹ֣˱൫ǳֳѪû˿ͷ̲ҲƲҵһƬʥϻǧʱؾ
İյġһԶԼǰ˵ﻹԹ
ôЦữտŴһʼһԳĬĪ룬ʵ
ԣüΪ̲İҲҪһŮӵ
İվǳŮҲҪи޶Ȱɣο˴ã֪İնκ鶼Ų̬ȣһŮ˶ѣɫҲӦòԵֻϺŶԡ
ַк֮ͬԴڵĻĪ˼ãŻʳ
İһۣİʾֱ˵ްڲʵ˵
һˣ4Ů2Ա˵ͬ
ԥһ£ĪϬĿ⣬ڰ֪ԼŮӣŽʵ
ݣʵǵұ˽ˣڵ֤ݲԹ⼸˶ﱻͷš
ʲô˼Ĳ׽еۣĪʡ

Īʬ

ұ˽һ8ˡͷĪԣ̲ס͸ͣ6ʣ˾֮һǡ
ҲпֵˡϬתغ͸һԵİտĪ仯ĵš
Ī仯ԼƲ참ݶȺ׼ȷԣһСӵеģҹķС㣬İԵøӵĺζ
Ƿʲô£֪ʱЩʲô
̾ĪʹϻۣڵͷȴЩİջѯԭ
ҿɲȥʬ壿ܲЭĻС˵˳ЩŮЩ˶µĻ⣬Ȼڵ˵˳
һ£İտϵŮ˹ȻͬˣİةȥͿԡ
ȷʵԣֻҪİҪȥĵطû˿ֹ
ԣĪתͷİգӴİ΢ЦŵͷĪЩЦҡҡͷ֪İնź̺ܶġ
ʬȷԼִ˰ĪЩ㱡
ǲ֪ڹŴΪһŮӻʲôڹŴŮǵʱʢУΪһ֮ŮԽӴٳЩȫǰİյĸ
ΪһִŮĪҲ˲ôˣڼֵİһֱİҺöˣ벻İյĺ
÷ǱΪ˰ܺ˶ܺڴ˴Ҳ˳ݷİةʹʥġ
˵û˿飬Ȼ˶֪Ϊǰߵɡ

ͬһո꡿

Ǻãھȥ˵ɾ͸ɣһˮĪվȴüһԵİգǺϷʵЦ
ةฮʱҿǴ˺Ϸ죬еĿԵ٩һɫİա
¶ǵĵ٩ĪеЩڣһİգԼŵͷˣûԾ
İ΢΢ҲڵĻ෴͸ãްҪĻһġ
벻İջ˵ĻĪڲԾһ㶡
İʲôħһ˽İյ̲סü
İһʹǶõ㣬ҲĬĬŸеľ룬Ӳ˴ĵߡ
ҲȻ΢Ц֮䣬ֻһ΢ЦͿ֪˵ĳǸж
߰ɡЦĪı飬İѵһʵϢʱ䣬ǣסĪ֣
һ̲סϲ϶ļƤ񣬶һ
ţھߡջش㶣ҲİյĶĪתͷڴŸڣü˾·
Īһ͵ı飬ڲʶԼʧ̬һһƣ롣
İξȻûҪ̤ѩĪ빲һĪãԸ
İЦһ⣬Ī뻷ǰյ˿ûҪȥ鰸ĽŸС
ϰİյУҲεɫ࣬ĲԸĿİľٶ
ĪܵԹһԶĿ⣬̲סһͬʱĵ׺š
𣿡İյͷҧĪĶ䣬ȴֱֽסĪ޹ǵӣɽС

أȥɨĹֻ񡭡ұż

ʬ1

˳ǱĹãڵĴ£ĪİһߵңǴʬıңˣһɭա
ü˿ңٵһĪţ֪Լ̫ڴˡ
Īһɫ£ӢˬһĹӣȴһ˿٬֮ȫ¶͸Į
·Ǳһ㡣ҡͷĥǲӦĪȥ
ûע⵽ڵԥĪһ̤ңǱ֮ĪȴɫδһѰײŵľ̨
İҲӹһԸոշԸ̴ȡ磬ߵĪΪϡ
ƿײʬ˵Ŀ¶ڿ£ʬѾܵĳζʬ
üĪɫδģĵЩɡ
ûһŮһѸõʬʱǺˣԴʬ徹ȻѾϤĸо
֪Ī벻ʬҲһ족ʬ壬ôڴžͲô˰ɡ
İյĴִĪļʱܵĪͷһɫ硣
ҡҡͷĪ°ְŵ磺Ҳ䡣
Űɡݵü֣İְĪĲǰְ׹صĳһᣬϸڵɴ˫ۡ
æڲ鿴ʬĪҲϾİˣһһҲûţ˷ѿʬʱ䡣
İ°Ū֣ĪùһԵİɫףϸϸ÷ߵѺͺǣ˵ֳſߵʱ߹ȥŰɫ׵Ϊиߵ塣

ʬ2

ʬɺܳɫ߷̽Ӧ͵ַߵļ磬˫ȴϬĿĪ룬ƺҵһ˿һ
ֻϧ˫Ϭг˵ǵû˿ĽŸС
¶Ȳͣߵʬʲܺܺõı棬Ǵ֪书ǿ֮֮֡ʬǵʱھУĿγ̣һ򲻻ԼĪ룬Դʬһʶġ
ΪʲôȻ˵¶Ȼ䣿ߵĻش
ʬΪǺٻᱻʹõġ˽һӾͻ˪߳ȥһҲ̹ܲǵĺ䡣
ߵĺбϵ󣬶֫ǽбϺٽӲȥĺۼͿֲ֤䣬ҺܾĪҲǺܾȣֵַʹִҲܹ
׼ĽӲǵִַѧѧҲ˻˵ĽǽӲ޷졣
ڹŴҲǲ֪һġ
ϺǣӦûдѪҺôڵ˵ֳһ˿Ѫ߿ҲûŻѪļ󡭡
۹һĪͷðѾЩ΢õ촽˲䣬ƺһɫĩߴϲš
ǵǿҲܶ϶ʲôʣûȽҲûDNAָƲԣ㲻ЩɫĩʲôĻͲµĽչ
ñһţȻֵζȻŴ̱ǵʬζȴһ˿ϤζԼԼɢ
ϤζĪüԴ˼ʲô

ΰӿ

Ǿͷ
ʣµںδûȥ̽Ī˼İ΢ЦһԵڡ
İյ˼ڵͷİգڱ𴦣˰ţҪһҹǡ
͡İյͷһоŮӡ
մһŰɫĩĪ룬ûдǵĶԻ˵Ϣʱ̧ͷѯʵ
졣ĵ˵ؿڱ֤š
Ī뿴һɫƻѾ٣ȵԭ֪ԼѾôã˾ãҲˣȵɡ
뵽İվȻ￴Լ˼СʱĪĵҲǹⲻȥġ
áĪ˵İɫף˳ʬůһ
ĪתͷİĪ߹۴Ц֣˿ûиɵһĲ͡
˾վʹ˱ˡµڵ˵ͷʱһĴݣ̤ѩˣǰߡ
ƻ£ǰ˼ŸղŵһĻĻǸԴʲô¶ϬŮӣľǻ˵ķС
ŷС˫壬ò֮ϣû˵Ƕ԰ʬҲ˸ġ
ݿҪúõ飬ͽһΣյŮߣ¶ǲġ
լܼͥϵȺţڿĪͬһʱһЦ⡣
ܼǰǣסֻ˼ҵ̤ѩ̤ѩë



ԾĪܾİյĲڽİ¶ǵĳ磬Ī뿴۵ףȴ˵ʲô
ֻ֪Լٹĸо
ϵѹϳģĪüһֽ̧⿪ϵ˳¡
İȵĽס硣
Ī鲻Ȼȥ̧֣ͦıɫĪ뵭Ůζ
أ
İĵ΢ЦţЦӵɫܿˡ
ҹĵƹ⻹š
ҡҷ˸İգ˽£üȴúõҹ˼ࡣ
ߵߵ
ʹӦĪҲ֪Ǻˡ
οôģҲֻİˡ
ŴܾˣĪҲ˹ŴŮббʵ
ûлشˣ̴ľѱԴˣĪϵϸȫȴܿ챻ľ
ϢôİԹԵһԣĪʵĳޣĵȻһֵС
硣ĪһͶ밸У쳣ļУǰʹҹû˯Ҳܾ
İȴ֪Īǰķ¼ҡҡͷİ̾ϢҲΪļÿһۣƽŮͰҰˡ
ȤĪİı⺬壬΢΢üͷѾЩͷĪѵҪةһ£
ӵĪĳŪİ޹գգ۾òί˵˵ǴˣǧѰ㣬ԼʹΥʥּҲߣ㾹Ȼڮңġ


10

Цݱ

£ôİճٳٲ빬ԭȻͱƵĪϡ
һ˳ˮۣĪĵװЦ
˾ʱʹʱ빬Ƕ¡ָû棬Ϻõ̴ľϢ
İȻ΢Цţ˿ûб𴩻ԵǱȲҪ
ǡ϶Ļشһ죬ڹþпܶһΣա
ҲΪá͵͵һİյ˫ŶϤһе󣬡ڵġ
üĪ뿴ŶһԿɱİգıԵЩ͸ֿҪʧĲ԰ס
ǲĪһμÿһμ΢Ц˸ӵѹ֡
İձʲôһʱʱ̶̿΢ЦţҲ֪һ˻һֲҡ
Ī룬ЦݾǱĥɾġ
ܾˣЦôĸоˡ
ƴӳʼû˻ҸȨ
ǰĪʹΪʲôС裬ΪʲôûУΪʲôÿ˶ԿģΪʲôͱԼǿ
Сʱ¶Ժİǻһεͷ˵һ죬ĪҲҵҸġ
ûлشĪ⡣
ΪҲ֪Ϊʲôɡ
֮ĪҲûЦˡΪЦͲЦûκβ
ȻѾעҪǿôͼǿ˿ɡ
İȻƽЦţҶЦᡣ
ǣȴЩʱڣЦȴ̺ǿ͸Ķ
ûڹŴҲûڹΪִˣҲ֪ҪǸĻĳ͢һô˵¡

뱣

ʹ֮ϵĻʵۣҲġ
ףұȥʹǱģĪҲǴ
֪İǰ˫ְĪӵ뻳Уʵ壬ȴĪĵҲȥġҵȻǼǿģУֻİҪŮӡ
Īסˡ
İյĬĬ͸´ĳȡ
ûˣ˵Ļ
ĿеĪ룬һӻҪǿϼŮˣû˻ñ෴Щη죬͵ĿȴԴԴϵġ
СʼһҪĸ塣
ǸǵЦ紺ӣȻ˵Ҫ
˵İҪŮӡ
ĪģĪЩã
֪ԼǷͨŮһű˸۰
İգĻ̫ʹ⣬ȴܱġ
Ī֪İһĻӣЦԽºͣԽܱĳǸһκ˴޵׶İ֮κ˶֪ʲô
ԣֳĬΨһܹġ
ս֣ĪҪϴʱϰӦЩŨ⣺ܰ𣿡
־΢΢ɿһ㣬İ۴ЦĪ봹µָеɱ˰
ǡ
㰡ƽôǻôͱñģİָĪ̫ѨҪƣۣǸнĵˣжɣµֶһɾ䣬ֻ㱩¶ø졣

ةˣȿȣλ٣鲻Ʊܲ˵ǲȻҲ㲻ϲ˵Ϊ˿ĺ裬ǸͶӲɣһʩ״

ϧ

ǰһղƾͻиıˣҲ·ȭĪİջĵҲ֪İҪ
ҪģһġϹĶͷİձĴĪһ
һֻϧһŮ˲ŻĶͷôİյζʲô
ҪԼҪ¡ңİҲģЩġ
ִٵƿİգĪȾŲ֪Ĳ԰ס
ƻ£İյ΢ЦԵúʡ
ãöҡġ
Ӳġһʱŵİ૵Īȴ
գ˾ˡ
˵߳Ĭ磣ԱߵŵŮߣ磵ӣһԵΪ;ʷġ
ȥ߲˵пǵ갸ı֮һѾˣʣµ˾ɵˡ
ǣҲпܺߡ
˾õĪİգͿһ󡪡
ǸʷĵĴ׳ԵЩͥⲽţϵľֺ׾ͿˣһԵƷŲ磷޾Եúǵ֮гĶԱȡ
ɫ̤ڣڵڼæӭ
İة࣬ڰӭλϣһ農š
Īֻǵɨ˲豭һۣӵƲƲ
İյһŲҪĪ鰸ģЩֻĪе
û£Īߵǰʵǰĳʱʱîʱ˶Щʲô



һֱ겻ʷüŻԼ°͵ľɫŮӣʵϬĿʷ̲ס㶣̲סŭ˾úʱֵһŮ޶˵
׳ĴۿҪץסĪϸ֣İյһ˲Ϭȴûж
ڴֿҪסĪʱĪɫһַסʷĵĽʷĵԶá
ʷĵԼð亹ŮɢѹȸУȴĸܣȴֲԸԼ£ҧ˵˾ȻһŮ˾Ǹʲôȥˣѵͷ
һĪ־һָͣȴϬˣˣǿˣڶԴʱֻԻش𣬶ʡ
˾֮ǰɱ˰֣ȴ⹥ɷ֪·ϵƾҾͿ㱥֮ࡣ
ĪĻҭ˵ʱһֱŵķ򸾲۹۲Ůӡ
񴥼Īһֱ΢Цŵʱ˽Ȼתߡ
Ǹˣֻǿ񣬾֪򵥡
û˻ҵȻ治ɫ΢ЦţĪ뱻ϮĪֵʱɫҲû˿ı仯
ˣ˴ֲġ
ڣֻҪشҵ⡣˸Ŀ⣬Ī
϶ҷһûгȥŮӾ˵ɢŹ󸾶е֮Եöׯ߹
ţʱ˯ʱԷڴߣǸʱѾǼˡһúζˣһۣشͬ˵Ļ

ʸ

䲶׽ؼۣĪȻ󣬵ȴˣ˼˵˯ʱ㲢֪Ƿԣ
ߵֶһ٣΢Ц˵˵ˣ
ǡҡҡͷ״ǻţԷ˯ʱû֪˴ԣûвڳ֤
˳Ĭˡ
û˵ĳĬ˼ĪһĲ鲻Ըʷģأ
ʲôңӲŲǹ֣ھȾһֱڶ컹ھѹͲ֪ǡ͵͵һ䣬ʷĵŵľ⣬ˡ
ʷһߺ޵ȭĪüˣǴ³ҩɾ
ʵҲˣпֵˣҲΣյˣһ˱ǵȫڰûн֮ǰ˭뿪߰벽
ƾʲôʷĴ󺰴ţڽӴĪȻͷˣ˵ôôѣ
û˵һ仰ֻǾĿĪһһϤ̽֡
ȴûע⵽һԣһֱĬİգڿ̽ĿʱȥһϬ
İպĪصŵʱİͻȻһѴסĪǵñǼ˲ĪĲӡ
İյٶĪİյ壬ȴİձýأⶼˣַʲô裿
Һ뱧㡭Ը뿪ĪĻİеŽϷ֣ҿˡ

ж

ϻļһĪҧһþƿİգȴİյ忪ʼŹѹĪϡ
İյĪüҪƿιװܣҡ
ʶİյĲԾĪٿصɴۣİյ԰ֽţ촽ɫһչüͷҲͷð亹ʾʹࡣ
ô£Īæקסİһֱ»ӣҪˣȴ԰ѵİպֹס
ҽݣҪˡīȻ֣һֽӹİյӣͷ򷿼ȥ
Ǹղ˾ղ˾İվһֱû˵һī뿪İգȴûкİһͬǰ
һ˲䣬Īֻ뵽һԭ򡪡ڰ
ղҾ⣬ҪֵġȻҲ⣬һɡһٻīûлͷҲܲķŭ
һŮˣΪҪΪӣ
ҴˡͷĪīڽ˷ҽѾڵȺˡ
һ£İգжҲڼ֮
Ϊ֪л˼ӺԲͬһȥ
İգʲô
ҽæڴϵİհͷ̲סةྯ裬ֻԣة塭
ҽû˵꣬ȴİմϣİǣǿĳһĨЦݣ谲Īǣҽ㿪ýҩɡ
İ˵ŻڴĪ̲סһǱ𣿡
İտ
֪жĶ죡ǰ׳𣿡˵Īߵߣ˫ðŻ

ī

ûȨ˵ЩīվİյĴǰ˫۴Į͵סĪǰ
ȿȡİȭͷһͿȣһٿɫֽ԰ףī¡
ĿĪһۣīÿǰλãߵһԿǽڣһ
ĪŭİЦºͣȴһֿҪʧĴġһ÷ִġ
һֻʾĪǰĪߵߣֱܵİձĴָš
ǣֲıȴĪ벻֪Ϊһֱŵ
˵ᱣ㡣İڴϣӳһɶżᶨᣬҪİôҪܹ㣬İҲ͡
ة࣬ҩˡһԣҽ
ιҳҩɡƤգգ۾ıͲ԰׵һֲЭĸоͺƸղŵĻûзһ㡣
ĬĬӹҩˮĪɫܽӲ׵ȴ͡
ġЦ˫ۣİЦһ㡣
Ī촽İվȻ͹ԹԵкںĽҩûһ˿ıԹüװˮһ㡣
ҩİջ˯ˣҵĺҲƽ
ҽ˵ⲻǶԺǿĶҩֻҪоһҩͿԽ
ǣǱµģ˶һ档
һ̽ε̽
һô˳ӵĺҩīߵ⣬ţһ˿뷿ڡ
ʲôĪī˼
īûлشĿĪһۣͱֱվŵţŷǸȻ˯ӣϤúһ㡣

Ʊ

¶ϡ

īİգһֲĬġ
ҲֻīǸԼܲ͸˰ɡ
Ī밵ȭ۵һͷŭƼдſ籩һ㡣
ڶգĪϷţԼ롣
̤ѩƺ˯УǱĪιһЩҲܿ;
糿Ľֵú˹̤ѩĪһ·ɱ磷סĿ͹Уһ·ٶ磬ȴ޾κˡ
һֱػſڵĪʱ֪ĵ
̤ѩ̤ѩһ˿ࡣ
һƥĪ͵ӽýݵڵϣһ̤ѩëĪͷҲصý˿͹ݡ
ڣĵСŹǷӭͣȴԵ
ڵСûзӦʱĪѱ˶¥
һصǰվ˵ŷڵ
üţڣһ򵭶磺߾ߣ֮Ų˵ĵš
ĪƿŶ룬ɨһۣһ統ǰ߰ѱ磬֪ôΪ£
һڱе裬ĪĿǣӰſߣ벻ǶôˣһΪһշҰװ˷˺þá
ȴûкǷ޶ˡ
磿һۣǷһѲãˡ
ŶЦһĪѸߵǰǱĵһ𣬺ûжһ㣬һ£ģû£Ǹѵģ


11

֮

µߵһĻǰָһŸ۵ĻܣλбƹĺۼԵĽۣȻ룬ǲѿйĺۼ
ƺܼңüеű⣬ӳĪЩ粻
Ѷϼ¡ӵȷִǽձѺͺãЩƺ⣿磵Ӳһ£ȴĪ벶׽
ߣѧ书𣿡תһ룬ĪȻìͷָһĬߡ
ѧһ㡣侲ĵͷ
ʲô̶ˣĪʡ
ֻƤëˣһŮСͱ˽һЩգ߱еĲʱЩ׽
Ǿͺáǣһ沿ļ⣬ĪټٵЦˣݵ书ǿ֣֮֮ô˴ž޳һˡ
ߵһ٣ɫЩĿĪʲô˼
ɷСϰ䣬ӣò᲻֪ɣĪ۽磣²ؼĿŴ⣬ƺûκ⡣
˾˵Сʷһϰ䣬źܸߵ裬ĹɱˣȫпܵġĪߵſڣԱӰԣһ˿ֻζ
ûȥ˵ı飬ĪѾ˴𰸡
̤ѩƵڿĵ·УĪ벻֪˼ʲôЩ
һЩؼĶûв׽֤ݲ㣬ʹ֪ǺҲû㹻֤ȥָ֤
һУĪתͷڡ

˵ʷˡĪǰڵеĳء

ʷ

ȥûٶ룬Ī
ʷĵڣĪ뼲ȥʷĵķ䡣
ʷĵķ仹һŵҩζĪߵǰڷ㶵ʷģƺ֪ʲô
ûĪ붾һ䡣
ιʷ㶵ĿĪһǻƺ˲ˣԼԼдܵ˺ۡ
ǸûءҪǰϵˣȴԵжˣ͵һʷɻڴϡ
ûпֵģʲôûдʷķȥĪʵ
ƺ˼һ£ʷƲƲ죬̫ڣûп塣
ôභʱҲ²Է֣ţĪ֪ʷһ֪ʲôȴ˵
ûУɫ̫ڣұ͵Ϯһȭ֮ź˼УǺС˴־ˡҧʷľǲԸ˵ԼĶ
һԳ㲻˵Ҳûã֮˶п֣޳ǲͨģԲ³ֱ磡
˵ʲô֪ʷƺʼˣһѳͷϸǣʾԼٻش⡣
ˣ߰ɡһ˼һĪȻһЦ֪˭ˡ
˭ںʣһȥһĪ֪ĸ֡
ֽͻĪŵһЦ˿һԹĸ˵ı죬ɱʷĲɣض󻼣ֻҪʷڣ֡
Ѿˣ
ĪŵıǶĿ
ҹš
ǵ˶ҹɫ˯ˡ

ī

ʷסҲǺڰһƬ
ҹɫУһýӰƬݵݶϡ
ڰе֣ƺճȭ״Ǻܿͼٶ£ԾʷڵķĴ̨ߣ˰졣
ȷ˵ʱֲƿһ˷ڡڣʷĳĺ
ٿسһźذףƺ뵽ʲôƵģ۵׳һ˿ͱʹȴݲö룬ƶ
һֱݶϵĪ룬ۿź书Ƚ̺յƣһ书֮ˡ
īİյǰĪ벶׽֣ȻĪƴǣİȻš
˵ܱīˣ۷ʲô£ħܹһĪǰ
Īֲֻա
಻һīļƻû˿Ӱ졣
ϣĪ뿴ߵǰеذףϵ´ȥ
ں˴ȥһĪī
īһֱĿãĪʱûԥ޻˺ˣ˺˵Ĺ
˼īһ˿죬Ǻܿͱ˳ӭսīкĹһ޻Уݺݵ˵ϡ
磣ҪˣʷѾǣɱ˵֣Īݶ£ǸվĸߴӰϤΣһ˵ġ
˵һ˿죬ܿ侲е̧֣ڸԼòĺڲȥ磡
ʷʱ˴û˿˯⣬űʹ磣Ϊʲô

֡1

ȭŤͷ⣬һ̣Ī뾹Ȼ۾һİĵ飺ʷģǵ̫࣬ķҪЮңҲӾͰѵµĴ˵ȥŭҪնƲѣΪҺߣҲòô
ֻǶˣҺ߲Ҹöȹһǿ龰ҪΥԼˡεЦЦ磻統һμһ㣬Ƶᣬ˵ŵĻĻҳ
Ī룬գĪֻš磸һȻֱңɱˣӦ
ǡĪ̧ͷ۵ŶһеȻֲ㣡
ԱһֱĪָŴϵˣ㣡
ʷ㶣漴üǲÿĪ룺Ůޣʲô˼
ڶ˶٣Ҳͬɻ۹⿴Ī룬ôʷģղҲڷڣһжĿãʷˣô֣
ʵһܼ򵥣ȴױ˺ԵļıĪϬŴȻһãȻʷģǹһĻȣ統Ǻԥİ°ģ
ʷģ书֮ϣᱻˣǰһĪ׼Ϭ
ͬţ书Һ磶൱ʷĵֲԾס˿ڣΪԼ
ǡ书ӦԶԶ֮ϲŶԡĻұ˽Уı
ʷĵɫڱ˱䣬ûоֻ֣һĲ죺ŮĪ˵걻ٸ֤ݲͷţѾ֤ǵס
һ֤ݲ㣡Īӻóһ治֪ʲôӴƮһζҵһμǵʱ㼱ڹĨģӦþЩѡ

֡2

˴ΣʷĳĬˣ֮ǰԵýȻӥϬĺ˸ſĪ룬ûдҲ˵ʲô
ˣװǺĥɵķĩҲǼ׵ĵۡ
Ī˵𰸣ȴһԵڲ⣬ī۵һ˿Ȼ
Ǻεķĩڰ˵ʲô𣿡ԶԼĴʣھʡ
ڴϵʷĳĬĪͷһƺ²ؼ磣˵ӦòİɡʷĶ꣬һַӦϤĲŶԡ
óЩĩĪ뿴ԼССһѷĩ˭ܹ뵽Ǹķ˾Ȼֻô򵥵ķڹ˵ĶĿ
һǷۺΣƵķģʵͷֻۣͷҺ壬ЩǹѡܽѪ൱ڹŴʬ
һһڻȻԭǸʱ߿вİɫĩЩۣ
ûҲûвһ㣬ҽ䷿ʱˡ
Ī뿴ǸޱˣȻűɫȴ԰ɫ£ƽĿɲ
ķݶԱ˵ķһǾ̫ڸɾˡ
ĪָһȾ棬˵ĸоһֺǷȴñ˵ķҪøɾö࣬ԿóһֱһǺ޴ڵģǾǷĩ
Ӧһܾнˣ԰Ŀһ˿׷۵ĺۼζܺõĲȥˣȴƺ©һ㡪վΧվĶһЩʵʣһ·ζٲ˵ģȴһķҲŲˡ

֡3

ʷľĿĪ룬ǸΪŮӣʱ˫Ϭķ·ܶһе۾еܴۡ
ңڵһ㽻ֵʱҾ֪ˡѴӷϣĪ뿴Ųֱ۳ǴʱȴԵùڴһڷŭ³ȭӦģǡǸ˵书ʮָǿԶԶں֮ܶϣܵȭ磬ȭ
룬ֱϵˣҲԼ޹ء
ŮޡĬһʷЩεסͷһСˡ
͸й¶Ŀ⣬ŨŨɱ
üǲĪ࣬ž衣
㲻õģѱһ͵룬û˺ý˲Ī
磵嶯˶¶һĨȻЦݣлл
ʷĺȻٸ֣УͲķĩк£ǡʷĵЦˣһĨѪĻȣʹҵ֤Σ֮û뿪
ˡǻ뿪ġһ֮ĪֱָڴǸ³çֱϣǻ׽뿪
ÿŮޣЦĪ뻹ûֵʱʷĴӴг˫ﵣŨɱֱĪ롣
ĪæʯȴǶϳء
Ȼһ޽סʷĵĹī
ԭŮ߻ôһ֣ǴˡѪĿīʷһ˱˴˵ľ롣

֡4

ʷġ磰Ī뾲ƿһߣﺬֱˣְ֣Լֵļᶨ㱾ҵĴ磬Զ׷Ч㣬ӣֵܣһ̿ʼͲҵĴˡ
гĳȥģڽ˽˰ɡǰ̫ӦϴˣоմѪۡɱ󣬻ٸף˽ȫһȫеҲǶֵǵĽ
ƾ㣡ʷĵ۾ݺݶסʹ磣ҧΪһŮ˲ֵ飬ִҪ뿪ҲΪһŮˣҪɱô֪ˣ͸ɱǸŮˣ
ٶ˵ʷ˫磹Ǳ˵ֱۻ磬Ī˵书ܸǿԼϵһж˷ִ磬˿ڿˣȴû˼ǡ
ʷĵīҲѶãīϵļд̴ʷĵ½ʷƺһѪ˵ذ塣
һһԳƵʷģڼī󹥻ýʷ֪īûȫܶʱһԵأżһг䲻⣬϶ԴⳡսûкܶȤ
ʷףǴʱīĻǿ϶򲻹ġ
ڣīһй£īһϢʷһѪ
磣֪𣿵һ£Ϊ֪ϲⲻ֪ǾǱҵˡǱſϣʷãȻĿŴղðɫĩ
ıʹֹ˻Ƶǳأ硭



ԸһжɣʷþĪķһѰɫĩȻȼ˻ӣڰд۳һɲĪ뱻һѸӰУȻ󡪡
ıը
ҹڶ߻صš
ڱըǰһ룬ĪѾˣڿں磣ɫǸӵĿȼܴ
׳ҵһˣ
̧ͷĪܵղΣһɲǻסԼԼͳ뿪ī
ĿĪһۣīһԾʧС
ǻİִҪīԼߵԭɣڸղŵĴУīսʼƺֻһ
ǾǱĪ룡

ҹգ˸ǱӳյøʺѪ
ǻһԽɻ
İգǲͲµ
ʲô㲻֪ģ˹ŴôãİĪһʶͲˡ
ܵĻ棬īɫȾ˰еʹĴ磬ǸĻһӸˡ
ոлĳΪֻԸҪæĳǣĪȭлȻȴŵİ֡
Ϊʲô֪磲ףӵĿССȴȵŮӣһҪԶ֮ȴֲòΪĴ۷ĸо
ڵһʱ䣬Ҿ;ʷľ֣ȴû֤ݣԲ¶ۡĪ뿴žվǰ磣ʣ糿ҹȥǵĿ͹ݣѹ֤ݡҲ룬ʷߵв磣ֵ޻㣬߲ʣǲִİɡ


12



ûз񶨣˵ͷ֪˴вֲգͼǿڿ͹С
Żƽվ磵ĿЩʣӦմѪۣһһߣΪҪΥԼˡ뿴һˣƭôΣȴʼûعʲôŵԡ
ԣлл㡣ҲǶֵһɡлл㱣ߡ
һĬǽֵǵΪΨһҴЩж
ȥɡڵ㡣̤ѩһôţĪ߽̤ѩѱõͷ
Ծ̤ѩĪͷ磺ڸԼУ紵
صʱ߱һŮ߳һްһ򵭶ʪۿ磵Ļ
лл磵Ĵưοţ߳ҭŴ磵Ļ̧ͷмĿ⾡ڲС
ʷѾףѰһû֪ǵĵطúѡ
һͷңǺõġ
룬ľսĵƯ
ǡ
ɫ£ӱİŮˣȥ
죬һõԵ
Ľ𣿡ĬĬվһԣ٩
һۣĪ뵭˵Щ飬Ľܵõġ
һӻңĬĬӣȥ
ةؾ֮գԶ˰
ڰУڴһ̾Ϣ
ȿȡûﾸžӣĪÿԡ
üİյ壬ƺĪ۲ĻҪ㡣

Ϊ

Ŷ룬ʼ䣬һĨֻһɫµӰڴϣһֻһֻڿǰƺƴסӡ
һİյдߣеĵͳ
߽ߣİǹֲ԰׵մŵЦ⣬£ֻ͸ĸо
඾δ岻˲͡üĪûвԼǶһݹС
ġһԵ鼸İ˵Цһ
ҲˣôϢĪ봹µ̴ɫڷİĪӵ뻳С
İûʹһڰ
˵ķģЩ˵Ҫ
ˡĴİյĻУûȴ䵭һߵġ
ͺáоĪĽӲİպЦĪڣƺһС
ôңģԴǸ֮ϵľһΣĴڣΪܷĵң
Ī벻һŸƵըİ֪ȴǰըԼߡ
˵ģģȥͿˣҪ˼ʲôĪգİĪĶͷ
ʹҪʲôŶͷȣĪʡ
šʹҪʲô
Ҫס˵ĻĪҪһ仰
⽫ܺõĺܡ
ҪģǸ
İգһֻߣ׽ιҲĴڡ

Ͼ

Ҫһ˯𣿡գգ۾İѵõƤĪҧ䡣
ҪĪҲû;ܾˣİյĻ
ǣӰ£İһ֧ͷ΢Цš
Ī뿴İյģЩЦãʲôة˵ɫգ
Щ˯ɡĪڴϷŵʱȻҲ֪㻼ʲô̫ڲͻǲõġ
ţϡ
İȻſڴ˼ĿŸոĪ뿪λãĬ
Ȼؿһƣİȳ亹ðİյı鲻ģһĨ΢ЦĻȡ
ùһԸղžİĶš
ֱҹϨ
ڶգʥּ
İյıû˿⣬ӹʥּ
˵
ةؾʥ
϶ϵһ֣û֪ʵ۵ͼİȴûкܴľȻԵõĽӹ̱ߵʥּ˹Īһ˼ڴС
ǻؾɡİմĪ˼һ㡣
˵ؾ
ʥǻؾ
áĪԼô˵
ڶ죬Īţеֻдһˡ
û֪ϰΩ֪һģĪķԸУֻдһվڳ¥£һɫĵʽѣϸӸӳе޹ǡ
뿪һͰչˡƿĪ뿴ųµĴΣ
ˣһ쵽ʱԭӡ
һġһ·ءͷε

Ц

˿ȻžĽֵ峿ΧǣԵɺů
Ȼһˣȴҵ˼ҡ
Īĵһҡ
Ҫ뿪Ȼֲĸо
̤ѩɵĸǰУİյȰ⣬Ȼߺܶ·Ī˵ʲôǿİԽԽ԰ɫףĪ뻹ʹ˵ͷ
˶ĳڣ˺ܺĲޣĳ̶ȡ
ԽԽСĶɫӰ¾׷ɣ뿪ǡ
īڳųĴϡ
İ΢Ц鲻ֻ֣ĪĵڳĢ
ǻȻİİҪǲǣҪԼĪҪΪĶʱİտ
һᱣԼĵ׸һĪͷ
ġȻ̧ͷİյЦȴһ˿Ц⣬Ī㶡
ϰִžЦݣȻİպȴĪʶ˵Ļԡ
ס
Īı֤İշðУ·ղŵĽûзһ㡣
ҹܣڵ˾ǡ
ܷٵľϡһ˿ִӰӣǵõԼΪԱѲʹʱģʱԼҲ֪ԼȻлɣ
г֣һ̵ߺ
ǷҴլĵط񾭹ѾµӣˣȻݽɣǳȴȻеļ䡣

ʥ

ҲĪĿˡ
ЩƵĽֵϣĪİյһʱģ
ϣİղ裬üĿ͸һȴƥеӶ֮
ͷ
ˣֵҲûʲôı䣬ϡܼǵõİҴլ龰
ϤĲİڽɫĴǰīһԵӣİյࡣ
Īߵİյ࣬ãŵͥԺ
ľİҵȫ͸һ㵭ŵϢ
ּܲ˵ߵ룬ŵİɫͳȻɫ಼УǶ°š
ܼҼİգɫЩӵĵ
İЩĵͷûӣţ֪ˡ
֪ʲôȻſ𽥴ڽ⿪۵İ㶡
ĬİתſڣĪ뻹ûӦʱİհѳ۸Īͷϣֻ˲վһԣҪ
֪߲ƣĪȻĵͷק˿ߵİۣĬĬ˵һԣ䵱·˼ҵĽɫ
ϡ˸Ϥ뿪ǽ߽ˡ
Ī͵͵ãܺ棬ӵ˴˵׳ʲôģ
ǻʵۣ
ķĿزסµĿţ߳ӰŨŨİϢ˲ֱӡ
ؾ˵İة񷱶࣬һʱز޻ΪҪǣҪȥأ

Ĭ

Щ²ţɨһԵĪһۣȴܿתߡ
ܵһŵĴĪ˳
ȻǴµˣŨصĲһ
¡ˣܼҵǵǻİ겻Цϣ˳˴
Ī˼ԼǲӦҲµʱİտˣñ볼ⲻǻ𡣡
ߵλ£ü٩һΪİռӴúܣҪ𽵹ĻҲǵһ
Ȼתûľʵӣ̵ЦŨ
ûԳޣҡ
εĬƺֻӲܹȫֳ
һһ
Ī밵˺һⳡǽҲҲǣҿλʵ۱ƺԼ·˼ң׾ͻ¶ݡ
ĪʵϸоΣգ˹Ȼа֮üĿеĺ岻װģһ򶮵òԹɫĪס
ǿͱ飬İյĸʮֲӣǰ⣬ֵ֮ܲеĸо
ǰ£İһģǸ꣬Ǹʵ۵ĸĸ֮ģ֮
ҽղʣ˽ҲԹްɣЦſλ磬İҲپ֮ơ
ĲָˣˣüİƺЩգеĳ˼֣ҪҪҽ

¹

ްҡҡͷĺ⣬İպҩɫҩζ˵Ϥ
ְɣʹҲĶ
İյƢҲǿȣ͵ĲƷҲʱҽ˾Ͷˡ
һתĸҪæһʱˣǷŮ޺ܵĸϲĸΪ
еԼõϢĪ̲סεʱ򲻾ѪڣѪϢ
ʵ۾ǻʵۣ󹬼ǧˣһŮΪȫƾԸŮûоܾȨ
Ȼ̫硣İидЦһЩֻĳɷ֡
ݺһɣİ۵׵ЦŨǴʱȻ˼ĺãŮӦôӲĿ֮ڡ
ȷҪˣҲֻȨ֮ơ
޵ƮһԵĪ룬ϱɢİĵ׵̾һ
˵Ϊʲôô˻û鵽Թʼ׷
æĴŪȥİƲ
İҲæôѧʿԷĳ³ѪˢǽˡЦ
İĬĬһЦ
ӿ֣Ҳ̫áЦʧıЩ
Ҿİյͷ
Ȼһ£ЩЦмֻζˣµĹձҹһڹоٰӷ硣
üİװɵ˵ʲô

ŵ

Ǻǣ˵µĹһ¶ˮԵҹƺͺһйأ硭ЦˣͳдԣҰ££˳㻹ҹ£ʵ
ۣİպߵҺ¹Ƽˮ֮û˵ôࡣ
˵İһۣİةΣһתİжŮӰݵİµ£Ҳֻ˾λͽһĽ
ȻĽڳ˶ֻ
ϣɫ磬ϻЩɡİЦĺʢ˵ȴǸ˵˼ݳ͡
İյĳνһ䣬粻ΪЦЦûĬСҲգսµĹӦģھȷŹ㡣
İһ·ؾҲٵϷһ²žһԾȻڣվýŶ˵Ī롣
ʱһ˾裺ǺˣΪβ˳⣿
ľˣĪ򶨲ȫİս͡
˵࣬ʱ˵õĻش
İտ˿Ī룬ŲͣסǰĽŲһ·ϼģǲ£Ըողû˳⡣
⣬ȥɣȻĹҪ߶ˡĴߴ٣лɵҲûͣɨĪһۣ߳á
һĪеһ˿һĸо
ûˡƿĪͷϵ磬İд˰ĵĸо
ǸˣǻʵۡŴŵķĪ磬


13



İյ˸£Īķḧţ¹֮ʱҰ֮ǰмһнСġ
̫ҫۣǰҲܱһ÷
÷ԶʺĪĻ
ĪĬ
Խˡ
İգûѣһǸӵĹ֮ڣΪӦҪ
ЩգĪоȻЩоֻҪ˹ûصˡ
һ̤룬עҪ
ǣȾޣҲѲ˵ġ
עôҪԥȥ
ҹĪ뱻İհһ·һͷɷ٣װĪһֲӵϬ֮
üĿаӢˣİ΢ЦжΪ
İյסĪ˫Ϭ۾ţҪܺ۾Ҫֱ˵۾ͷҰŵԻȥŵľҡ
Ī˫ۣһеĶǵĻʹС²ܱһܱ
סѹñܣĪԼǹǵڸںڰ¡
˹ţİһϢ촩ĺׯأһɫƱƳۣ˳еĸӰţмƷ̶ڷͬɫɫ˿һֻɫ˳ķ棬Ρ
ˣȻǵɫ
죬ͣסˣİ˫ۣǳɫںҹиȻ󣺡һСġ
ͷĪͷ˳һС̫࣬İղµգС̫˸񣺡ة𸣡



·Ըİշ²ܾħȥ
С̫Цĺܹȣ֪ǰŵ͵İˣȻżģ
С̫࿴ԼգĪ˵ͷû˵ȥ
һ·ϣ̨ͤ¥ЩеϤеİִʱĲֲûйĲͬһ·Īߵĺ˳֡
˾ţĪ֪ͨ󹬵·ǰѷŵ󹬳ˡ
һʮƫŵľңС̫ͣſڣĺܵͣСõڴ˴ūţϣʱ䣬бϾǹУ˺ǴĪҪʧִźá
Ī붮˼ȷ⹴ĶǵĻʹҪܱǼ׵¡
˫ȭĪƿţ漴ϡ
㣡£˷ţһſĺĪĵ׵һĪ֪Ƿš
ֻͬѪˣŻָӦ
תͷһ嵭Ҽվİ£ǵĪ֮ġ
ûãȴš
ŵŮӳú׵ӣԼ167꣬úǱ־ǰڵϼDIYޡ
ȣĪ㶵ÿŷŵ˽ԼĻУʱЩڣɵСƿп޵滨˶̽ԵĻһš
ԼҴĺſ޵ĸˣ㣬㣬ź㡭
ãλСò侲ؾϵᣬԹ޵𣺡ҷұ䲻ţ񡭡

Ը

ĪĬˣɵ̧ͷᶨֱŷŵ۾ǣһͷ縮ֻعݻ֮ҶЩѪծѪ
ᶨһĺ÷ƺ࣬һأܸửһţ񣬶ϵϬ֮÷žİࡣ
Ƕ˵û֮𣬲죡ŽĿʱҲ˵ûûˣڣ統׽һᾩƺͼڹлϢİյĸϣᰲȫһ㡣
Ÿղ֪˶סİյĸʱҲ˲٣İһԺʱ䲻ӣᱣöġ
ĪüǿСãĪ벻ԾöĪĹкںΣգҴоȴ뿪ֱļƻ㻹̫Свʺ㡣
ȴҡҡͷüĿһɴϻ֮ڹоֹǡ̫ңڹвкܴΣա
ļƻһڹڽӦҼȻĶǵĵط˳Ӧֻڹ׽סɡ
ҵŮ𶥵ľѸٱóأСʹϻףȴܱһЩ
۷ŵļǿĪЩ˻ƣôô죿ʵ֮ǰկЩԨԴҲ֪һΪƣҲ֪ڹеġ
ŴʱӦҸֵģͬΪŮӣĪ֪ʵĵײôںơ
ŵһҺǲܵġ
Ϊʲô



·ͬЦһŵǳұðӺԺ˳ۼڵķܵ£ۼһڻУⳡޣôϾ
аˣںңҲܻϲҡֻȫ˼ͶڱѩޣŮ˽Ͼ˹ܡžǿ򴽡
ɵѾͷ̾һĪ֪ĶϣȴûȰ衣
Ϊⶼʹ
֮һСģĸӣҪԼ
ס
֪̫ʱ䣬Īɫ磬Ҳ̫ܶãЩʱգһ㡣
硭ݵҪ뿪С̫ྪֵΡΡǽнĽŲĪü
˵һԣӦϸСקĪ½󣬷ſڡ
ӵĿǰԼһͷãĪӦһѹñ˵һǡ
վãžͱŮװŮ򿪣һŻ̬ȰŮ߽ڣĿϢ
ˣӦþ
𸣡ź˸̬֮ǫѷ
һϣ˴ʱҪΪѷŵġ
̫͵ǰ磬ȥΪ档д⣬治ʥʲô֮ŮϯĴ棬ʥǰ˲١
ָ׸Ϸգ񺮹һָڷŵĲӼ仮һѪۡ
Īһȭ
Ȼʥּﴫ껰Ӧ뿪ŶԣңʥϿҵͿûôˡһԵĪɣһ춾

ɫ

ҵҪŵγ̶ȣ˦˷ţݶķԸ·úû£
ˡúá֣֪ĹŮǰһק˷ŵͷһץסŵֱۣ÷ųʹҧ´ȴֱſҪ಻סĪ룬ʾܹڳ嶯
ŷűūͰŪţĪ벻һŭơ
ǣȴҪ̣
ģаȺŮ˴˵ǹвȹ⣬˷֮
ʥּ⣬÷ٵ̫͵磡⣬С̫£ϸȴպô˵ĶС
׽סŵļŮ㶡
С̫ŵһֱ£ղżȥҵةࡣ
ةຮɫ߽ʥ˵˼ʥϾŮǰȥӭӷš
ҺüС̫ĵһ
ǵİةĹˣɵ𣬵ڿԱɫգС̫Ҳòȥ
ԵȳþµղŤ
ߣҵҪֻ꾫ʲôͣݺݵһǱķһۣ̤ߵĲȥ
ĪùһԵıסӣ
ܵĪĺ⣬Ų԰׵촽ᳶǣǿĻȣοŶ㣺ްɡ
һС̫ŮеŷŽңΪױ硣
Īҵ뵽ոǰȴܱܣȭشǽڡ
飡
һص

ͥ硾1

ĪֱܵһԵʹ
һ죬ҪЩ˸ۣ
ױõķź֬ڸסող԰׵ɫѪҲ۵ڸˣһ˿覴á
̫͵̫͵ֳƽǵһ̤룬ûʵװ˵ۣ̱ߵϷƺҪڳһ㣬ǵװ֡
û¶Щ֮ɫϿŻķţû̫⣬;ơ
ĪҪϷŵʱһֻסĪֱۣĪһתİա
𴽽ǣһĨЦߣһ򴽵ķŵ˵ͷ
İةࡣ֪ܹȫİյĸʷŶİҲһݸм֮顣
ҵҪˡİƺ޵סߴߣһԣɫŵīĬĪ֣Լ
İյ⣬ŵͷͰˡ
ûйоֹţİһ֮࣬ǱϾŮб̫þͻ˻
İЩζߣ̾һЦԵλ¡
ʹǻʺҲֻ֮£İȴΨһһڻĳӣҲΨһһܹϵةࡣ
ԭԷСŮȤԣЦĺ޻ΪЩûʲôоҵôá
׻˵˼ָİյȡİҲգЦӦлϹģǳпеˣлһָ顣

ͥ硾2

һˣһ
ĪеЩ⣬İյĹ۲˵İӦûа˲ŶԣƺʮԣŮ˷ûȤ
Īȫˣİ
īĪվİīȻǸоĪڷ
һ˿׳յĿ⣬īδ䣬ĵȴѾŮӵİ׳պͳٶۡ
ȻƁ֮翵ڳ˶̸ֹͣЦһ·𱻶ƵÿŷɫɴȹŮӡ
㶵Ī룬ҲܵŮӲȤ
һȺɴŮУһµŮӻ߽һ֧ͨѪĳ߱ߴš
ֵŮˣôЩεתĿ⣬Ȼһ֪ŮӲֻ翪ţǻǲ˼ֱ˼ҹӡ
Ůһɫĳȹ°ȴ俪һ磬¶ȣǾȵС˲˼ŸϵһŲ
Ůӣޣȴף
Īһ˿֮̾ɫµĹɡ
ݣʵѵá
ϵҲ͵һһٶַŮӣһ˿ȤӶĿ⣬һֿ
İգȻǳЦûйľޡ
Ҵ£ףԸ򸣽𿵡´࣬µĹСպô
öڳĴ󳼸ͣŮӣȫһ˿͢ڵĽ֮󷽣̲סĿ࿴
ƽ¹Ƹ裬һȻԶĵš

ŭա1

л£СŮԸһԱ¾⡣ɨһԵЦİһۣպȻһĨ죬Ҳɬϵ̲ס
ԭǼ⣬ȴİǺǣȤ
ƶŲϵö죬ܵŮŰ裬նʱ˼㡣
ĪȴеģסҪǷĳ嶯İչеˣ
áķҲԵȱȱģĪʱеζ
ȻЩʽĹ͢ڵᣬǺܲʺһִ˵ġ
һ¡İùеľƶװڿģ
İĪһһأһֱڹ۲İյ̲סü
ΪƵע֣漴ɴ˫ۡ
еľƶϣմʪۡ
һٶڳĴûй˼裬ȴΪ˻ͻȻ÷ıе
ڳߣͻȻ
ܸоȭͷָڵսöİ
İĵװ̾һ̧ͷ硣
£Ī벻ԵʱһȺǰͰĪסĪղˬҪ֣ȴİյ˵˾䣺Ҫ嶯
Ű
ƿñӣŭۣ粻˴ϵҲŮӵޣ۾Ķסñµա
ñӱһƿһžձ¶ڿ£ǵϴŰͲѱ
סˣû뵽ŮӾȻŮװİة
ǣȴֶʱˡһЦ˳ǣЦ˹˼

͸ôˣأߴҲҪż쿪ʼξҪˣ
ۡɲһסװסżȫûлء
ܸˡܸż㡭ءҽ͵㿴Űѣ
޳ܵ˵һ䡪ǵøƱ


14

ŭա2

Ůӣɲһĺա
һԿϷĿŻϵķӦ֪ⳡᶨҪɢˡ
İة࣬ɷô£۵һ˿壬ƺǷŭ
˲ΪλҪ˷ŭİȴ֪ܲ
ݳİߵĪߣϥ£Ůǳİˣ磬򳼳谮ǰװ档
粻ǽյȭͷѾķŭ
Īü翴ԼĿ⣬Щ⡣
İյĹϵӦǲΪİմŮϵѲŶԡ
ôô£
Ȼˣͻ顣
ԵȻֹͣվڴµİ㶵ĿŸ̨һµӣӣȭͷս
ڳĴǶͻıʶˣǺܿЩ󳼾ͷӦ˵һԵ벻ةѡá
ǰ˺ǰء
ϣڴϣ˵Ϸأ񣬳ʥͻ飡
һϷԣ񾭡
ĪЩɻĿİգİΪҪǰҪϴͻ飿
Ǵͻ飬İպĪġ
ǶڵȴǸ񲻶ĵľÿ˶ΪˬĴӦ׮Ե
ǣŭЦЦĹϣ˲֪ǺŮǷС㣬ұţһ֮Ůİ䡣
ڳ죬⣬Ǿܾ?
ĪӸˣ侲뿴İյ׸ʲôϷ

ȢΪޡ1

ոûԱǸʵȴʶһ㣬еûһ˿Ĳȷ
Ӳں񣬷ұɵأ᳹ǺΪҪֻǺλŮһϳȫ
İյͳСȴе˶š
е˸㲻״һͷʾ⡣
֮»ӳ顣һϾưɫڵī̶ĿĪһۣ棬ʹΪֹ¹ϢӷЩϣҪ黳
أ¡ελ񣬵۾ȴһԵվŵİգĵһ
գ˵ҪȢŮΪޣ
İգ˽⡣
ֻǣǸ鲼ɻϣԲ£İա
Ƴİǰȴ˵ϴͻ飿
ͻ顭İղ˵ۡ
ô
Ĳİʲô
ĵĿİһۣ˴
գת߽漴͵͵÷ԸһŮҲ
ްİո߹ȥھĪʱָ쿪˼Ʒû˿Ļţ˵Цſڵš
İոոչϷţûת鰸쳹鷿Աķŭ
գʲô˼䳹ǣų׵⡣
İղ˼˰죬ҪȢΪޡ

ȢΪޡ2

ȢΪޣ㾹Ȼƽ˵ЩİգŭһɨԵֽ̨ʱƹһ죬꣬㾹˵ҪȢΪޣ
ǵˡģİǳɫײ𾪵УƵõ
˵ʲôԼĥ
̽㣬Ѿûӡ󡣡İ̾һѾǰķˣ磬˵Ω㡣
ǰİ֪ڹϲһŮӡ
İնŮӲû˿Ȥֻһһ׵ŮӵĹ¡
磬̫֮λʱʶ˷
һֱУĵˮ¶ʳ⣬˼صķŮӡ
İնŮӲȤǰŭȥѰǸŮӡ
ȥ𳡵ʱʱ˵ǸŮֻĿеĴһԵȥЩɻԭΪԭصȴ磬ǣȴ˵ˡ
ŽֵɱȴⷢһϬĿ⡣
ǰĵһμ棬ϣϲӵ˫ӵˡ
ڿźǷ
ǴʱİճĬˣһŮӣϬ񣬹һ̽ŷƺİʵ
ԣİնŮӣżŨȤ
һصˣ֪ʲô˿ʲô˲
ġ
ˡ

įӰ

ûкڣֻǻظ󣬼ǸһŮӣֻһʧϯ
ˣȻˣĵһʹɫٿز԰
Ϊûбļң
ȭͷ̲ס߬
ʹˣΪҪİգ۵Ϭ֪ҵģҲøκˡ
ĪǻҪʧţİյ
ҪþϷѹңܻסЩӣǲáЩ˵ûκô
Ĭ죬İ̾͵̫ڼįɡ磬ҪҺһɽҴûҪʲôֻһ𡣡
⣬ӵûϢĪЩǵü
һ̫࿴˿İյҡҡͷ鷿ţ̾һǺջˮϳûϺİةȴֻΪһŮӡ
̫²ۣĪ벻񵽵ô¡
ѵǰͻйʲôϸ֪ΪͲǷ
Ȼű򿪣İմǳǳ΢Ц߳Ī뿴ڣǸ۵ſվ鰸ǰӰԵúܼį
߰ɡǣĪ֣İ뿪Ǽ鷿
ˣڵҲûתͷ
İպԼһޡ
ţīӰѾڵȺˣʼգİû˵һ仰
صġվǰİûмϳᱧסĪ룬ͷķϡ
գǲʲôңĪԼʡ
İյ˫ۣİԼԼ¶һȺ۵Ϣ

ջȥ

һġܿĪĻ⣬İյ
㲻ҵģһһԼĪϳİ΢Цڳ⡣
磬ڣĪڴϷ㶡
ϣİյĳŵ绹쳹ڶߣǰƶǰ㻹ԥ
ûм˭ΪԸһ
İΪȻͻʵǺһҲùִҪȢΪޡ
ȻİΪҪ˵ĻɲĺͶ˲
ΪǸӶеĶˣȴͬʱе¡
֪ԼӦôģǧʱգȴ˴˸ľ룬ȻĴеġ
һ뿪صǸİմʱա
ȻĪկĺɽǸǵУ˵
ʧԼķôȵҪʱͻ֪ʲôʹ
һҪ뿪ôмҪԼģҪκˣҪκ¡
죬˿϶˵ԼᣬôȻǶҡˡ
Ḭ̄ЩᣬЩᣬԼûдġ
⣬İյ
ȥиӵ˼Ī˷ţ⣬һµİձ¹վ⣬ܻۡ
Цݡ
Լȫ˵ĳ硣
ɪһ£Ī̲סһ
Īİ̤ڣ΢ĴĪĶͷ¶ȣû°ɣ

˽һ

û¡ҡҡͷҪ¶ͷϵĴ֣ȴİյַסС
İһְĪ뱧øһѷŴϡ
ڴڣ˵Ļġ˵ૡ
ĪһİյһЦ⡣
죬˽һأߣ˶ӣİĪߵȢ㡣
һĶҡİղ׽İվĬһȻᱧĪ룬򴲱ȥ
ϲңĪܵĴԼļձߣЩȡ
ô˵İĪգֱ񾱣ʡ
滰
ĪڴϣĪûֻǵȴţǸ˵Ļش𣬲֪ģȻЩšİ˫ֳͷ࣬ĿƽӣİһֻһŮˣŮˣҵΨһ
࣬ٿؽ
ǰʲô֮ʲô㶼ù˼ɡĪ۾ϣ˫۸ĲĪ̲ס
Ī벻ֹͣĲš
İᳶĪӵĲӦ䣬İһֱĪ۾Уºȴ̺żᶨ
˫ֻ̧Ī̧ͷİյĴ
İյĴǱģŵ÷㡣
еĸоÿжҡؿھͻĪʹףڵķɡ
Īڲһˣŵһ˵ĺޣܰϳ͢ˡ
Щǲġ



İձ۾ְסĪĺԣǡ
һεʱİûĴ
Ϊİղ֪ԭڵԼľͱһ˫ᶨȴּįסˡ
ǰһ˫Ϭȴŵį˵ӡ
İմ֪һ˵۾Ȼʱ˸ηӦ
һڰѸסˣвй¶˿ĸϢ
ǣ֮ЦҲЦġ
ǣֱԽԽУİմִǸɫȴ˫ѵŮӣ̲סṴ𴽣İգŵ˿а
ٶȸ˵Ĵ꣬İ֪ʱⴽٲҲڵġ
ǸʱڴǰİվѾ˵Լ
Ӳ˵Լ£죬֪⣬ȴִҪȺǰȨ
ѹ¶ãŮӣĲ
Ҳա
İ˿ݣ˴˵Ĵڣ粻ܷİˣ˱ű˴˵İһ쳣ĻȣϢҲû
˴˾֮䣬Ѿʡ
Īŵ΢΢졣˲׳壬ȴ侲Ȼ·е¶Լƿһ㡣
סĪָţİոµůͷһθоϡ
֪ѡ˵ġ
ŮӣİҪѡˡ
ҵġԼ䣬İͦԼڡ
аͷĪİյɶ̲ס
ΣҲӡͷ㺹Ĳİյͺ
ڣһƬ컾ɫش⽽ͥԺȾ˴ɫĵ档

ĪĪ

һ쿪ʼʲôˡ
ĪƽɫȻ䵭İյʱܻṴһĨЦİտ۵ףҲ䱦ġ
ةฮһҹ֮ͺƱһ㣬ڵҲ̾һնӵĸı便жôĴ󣬲ǸǸӸԸ١
Īͤڡ
ͤӣİ͸Īġ
ĪĪ룬ǵһ죬Īһվص廨Уϸ¼ŵıӰİ̲סȥסϤ֫
ϲĪ룬ͺƿҪʧһ㡣
ｨһͤӣڴ˴ǲɺãĥ䷢˿İ˳ȫסĪ̲סһ
۾һ˿ӵĹâĪӦһ
Ҫȡһʲô֣廨İɫеĪӵݺͰܣ΢Уǻе˾Ǳ˴˽ϵˡ
Ī˼˰죬嵭ֻ˿Īͤ
ԼͤĪЩж
ǧʱ֮ĹͣȴһԼĶ
Ƕİոġ
İգûʹ֪ԼǰķŶĲ죬ϻգῴ
İյͷ˿ŮӣĪգĪ룬Ī룬డѵԢʲô
ߵÿİһϷʵı飬Ī뼱Ų
İȴĻӵסָĪĪ롭շ롭


15

ӵ续

İյЦţеֿ
ĪûмİЦôĵģ
ʵʲôûСİտǰһƬ廨Щ룬ԣ뿪ˣҾͻܹµܹµΪңǧ뿪
İյƼ٣ȴĪЩۡ
ǰʹİλȨأʹһ֮֮ϣӵеģʲôأ
ʵҲһįˡ
ɫ廨֮䣬һ걧סǾŮӣúһ
ܼǵ΢΢סˡ
үܼƺ´ľ
ʱİûлͷϲ˴˵ʱ䡣
¹ǰݷãֽڴкš
İԣ̾һ
Ī벻İΪε̧̾ͷǷ°ͣʲô
İսñĪһ£漴ɿ廨Уİ΢΢ͷЦþһ㡣
ţ֪ɡ
İģɵÿЦҪҪһ𣿡
İһۣĪסİյֱۣ촽̲ס˻ȣԼҲ֮á
İĪһõʱ򣬰ٿվŵĽڴĪʱȻ
ա͵һ䣬Ī벶׽
һ㱵ı飬Īü
ԭǰķծˣǺǣӻкϷˡ
Ī촽һĻȣİհıɽ۵ףĵ׿̾һ
ò磬һ
·ء

֮ʹ

İͷʾ⡣
գ԰ݣʲض񡣡ʹĿǰֿɼİգЦȻ統һᣬߵŮӣȴġ
֮񲻿ԽȻˣǳҲԳưɡİյɫǳӵǫǫ񣬵תĪʱɫþһֳĵĳϸ塣
İհĪԻдһֻᱧסĪı
áİչֵһļƤĪ벻еǣҲֻ糣˰˵˾䡣
Ļ棬ʹ˰۾Ϊ壬ǹľǿǿҪµǡ
ʵޥģ£ҲýơʹĪŸӵǰȻ΢Ц
ˡĪ򴽣һֱֱ֪ǲǵġ
ɫӲһ£İ˸Ī֣ʵ̫е֮빫ݡ
գǰǻΪʲôԸİΪһŮԼϥȭ
İղ䵭ȴ󣺡ǰʢ٬֮Ҳпԭ
ǿҪԶ˴˾Ļðɫ԰ֽţȻסĵУ·ڽһ٣˵Ҳǣʧˡ
İü˺ǰ飬Ҫһϣһ˶ϵĺá
ǲ˰ѹͻعȥڵ״̬ҲŲġ



գҲЩˣ֪ةฮɷһİ˵꣬˵
²סԵĪ룬һֱǵĶԻҲڣƺڿźϷΡ
еأͽڸҲһ֮⡣
գʲôأȻĪЦˣϷʵζɫҲˣع·ҲȫҲް飬ڴҲ̸̸ġ
Ȼˣվͻùںίһˡİε΢ЦСѾͷҪҡ
ͷˡĪһۣŹܼ뿪ˡ
ڣŮǾսţû˿Ĳ졣
æġİһۣȻƢЦĪ˫̲סЦ⡣
㻹Ƿ̡΢ЦҡҡͷİߵĪǰһУͷŶͷЦʱةฮ£Ҫúõ̵СħŮ
İָĪȴװɵЦھİ
ҡҡͷָסĪ°ͣñ˴Ŀԣ˵ˣҪȢ㡣
ĪЩ΢΢ʹϤĳʹҪ
Īҡҡͷȴܼ
İʵ֪˼άԶԳƶϣʣٽΪʲôҲٲ׽סҿҪŶ
İһίĪһ촽䵭ȴ޾Ҫ״Ӧ㣬Ͳϧˡ
ĵףһ˿ᳰһš

ءƱۡ



İգ˵һֻߣֻҲ˵ˡ
İձĪԼĻУҲᡣ
ʹʲôɣҲϲһˡ
İյģʱƮɢС
ĪЩƮ롣
ϣĪķһԤеĿˡ
򿪷ţݵγ⣬жȥױȴȻϵ¹⡣
࿪ӣĪ뾶ߵ£λҹķУʲô˾֮·˽֪
Īɫ磬˿ûмһӦеĹģҧҧ
ⲽ̴߽ľζķ䣬ŴϣһסĪ롣
ĪԵúҲϬ
Ϭŵǿס񣬾Լ·硣
ߵĪĶ£ɫݣüĿеİԵЩ
ĪûиоλҪ˵Ļڴģ֮ǰڶǰϷҲͽȻ
ԳԼΪˣʵ򡭡һ󡣡ɫ
ŶĪ״Ӧ
աڴ˵Ļ𣿡С̽
Ӧǰɡ뵽İı飬ĪǷᡣ
һ£ƺһ̲סվߵĪĸǰãն˵ҪȻ˽ܲܰøҡ
ڴˣ̲סĲûգҪʲôҶԸ㣬㡭㡭



ĪɫȻ⣬ǰһŮ޹ء
Ī벻˵һֱͷİΪĪ붯ҡˣã˷ΪҪºףϣǸ˻գһֱڵһ졣
Ϊܵõİ𣿡Ī䲻ڡ
ɫ˰ף䶯촽Ұ
ҰһҰ
ãܹƵ˵
ǣȴء
źޣȴҪǸߡ
İգҲáĪԼ˵
İգܽİ˵
ԣİգǶõġ
ΪʲôĪĻش𵽣̧ͷȴĪһ䵭ģĵЩ
Ϊ˵ϲҡĪֿ촽Цúܵ⡣
סؿڣţΪǸŮӵû˿İ֮⣬ڣЦҲûС
㰮գΡΡ
Ī⣬΢΢һĨᳰǺܿȥŰɡ
ȻΪΣܼקסĪ֣ΪʲôȻգôΪҪţͲҪͼʲôĿģ
ʵ⣬ãİģ
ءĪһ۵׵Ũ˦֣ûѧİһƵŽǣһ
Īû˿ĸУ󣺡ȲǷ㣬ǾƾյԸΪҪ𣿡
˻Щκͷ
Ȼдŵ
š

̲

İա
ﴽĪ
İսţͿŽǵĹһԭأίĿĪվԡ
ˣ֪ʲô
İû˵ʲôĪ룬ôˣ˭㲻ˣ
աɴ˫ۣ벻İվӣûеһʱĪػ˰߹ȥ
ѽôˣİĪĥ֮ʣ״ƻȻġɫ޹
ôڽϣһʱûпˡİЦúڣǵЦڴߣ˵Ļȴ̵ð԰ɫ
ҵģûǰֵôȣͺţģһ˲˹ȵס
ŶŶİḧĪգĪеĵ٩İյΪᣬôƤҪ棬ҲϷˣ
ôҪĪЦúǽģԾİյϣĶҪͷ𣿡
ţŮӾȻ˲֪ܵĳ̶ȣ
ǣİûƿø
İĪߵͳƣٳͷ㣬ħŮ
İյĻǿվգ˹֡µĹңȴв˵ʲô֮񲻿ɷôȻˣΪҪˣ
ΪҵҪʲôܸʲôЦһİմʱЦЩ
ʲô
ҪҵֻҪľͺáİձĪ룬ȫûһµģ
İգմʱȴԵɲ̡

ɤ

ΪʲôЩɣЩʹģȻˣΪҪôúá
ֻǾ֮ˣ֮䲻㡣İȻһһ㡣
ǣҲ밡Դ쿪ʼҾƴŬֻΪһվߵˣ֪Щô𣿡
İտ˻ŵİʱûеڵǰŵģίŮڿš
֪¹ڹ͢ʮֿصģѵȻҲжš
ǸŮӣԻбոõӳ֡İջīīĬŲȻİҪϳС
ԺлͷһµİպĪվº͵£İıԵʮִۣ
գ֪ɤͬʱ˵Űɱ˵Ļ
Ī뿴ſڵİû˵
գҵġ
ŵȴī׽۵һ˿⣬īŹ˷䡣
ְǸղŰĿ޺ûгֹһ㡣
㲻£Īüʡ
İձϣͷļѣȡϵĵ㣬Щʣʲô
ƿͷĪֵǹ
ΣİЦ
Ī㶣İգò飡
ղŰ˵ģİգô˵˲̵Ļ
Ͳ»ºͱԵĺĪܵİյϢںԣȫϸƶһ㣬÷ŵƺܵĪ궯˸һ£ְ

ݻ

İղܲˣֱĪĲϸϸǣȻһ˿˿ĪĲ
ܾãƭеˡĪ밺ͷİյǡ
İЦ⣺ô˵
ôᣬȴκ˶ѪĪоǰȡЩϢǳȵʱȴƻһ㡣һ˽ˡ
ҧСɵĶİĪĶԴֻǰᣬȣòã
̲סһ£İյİֶĪܳȣİտҧĪĲĪҲʾҧסİ˧°ͣš
𡣡İյԸС
ڷĪЦϲ𣿡
ߵߵ
ˣ⣬ܼҼȴ־ȵ
ڵͺû˲Ρ
£ֹסĪ룬Īȴ⣬һٵȥҧ°ͣǵڸ컡
Ǿ໥ɶԷһ㣬ѱ˴ȼ֡
ƺ˸գҽѾΣֹ̫ۡ
ŶŶĪζֹͣ˶ǹһѪĻȡ
İǲͣ¶ϢҲòǿѹͣ£Īһۣĥ˵ġ
Ī޹Ŀһۣſ˴˵ʮȷֿİյϣҲѹİջˡ
İյİ˻һȥҾ档
ŲҪ££Щ˵ĳİջΪǰһɲߵſڣİԼš


16

Ѳͬ

װİ¸ԼԼĪȾеЦ⣺ȥɣҾͲˣ˼ҹҷĸ
İ׵õͷָֻˮһƽҺܿ
İԶĪϵЦָֻɱģ
İӣøκˣֻӰˡ
УĪɫȻѪģ
İհסľңҽæİ񣬱İֹض񣬹ô
ҽҡҡͷ꣬͢ڹеҲЩᣬ뵱Ȼλıĳ֮ġ
ƺ˺ܴĴ̼ڰҹסˣҲˣ޴󰭡ҽʵ
Ǿͺá뷿УǱϾŮӵĹ뷿İղ¶ˣ뿪չš
աա䲻ģһ˿Ůͺܼеģ
̾һİתʣ룺кηԸ
ڵŮһſɤӣգߡߡ
Ůб𣬹ԡ
ΪУΪԱΪ۵׾ûŮ֮𣡣һ󼤶һϮɫܳϽۡ
İյŲײ⣺ءͻŮӣǿԲͬġ
ǹΪһҪԷΪأ빫ط
ѣͬˡһжͬˡ

֮

ûҲ˵ʱĻҲǳ˲ͺ⡭
Ҳ㡭աȻ̧ͷʱɫѱһִ֣գҵģ
ûİշӦǿӲķİյӡĴ
շתĥߺȴҧİյĴܿ죬Ѫζ˵ζ١
ŭƿİյнŭͱ䡣
İմϵѪѪҲİյѪ
ԥĴǰϵѵԼʣİɫ£İļôƿʹƤİյȫ
¹Ůӽ̹Ȼ֮İӣоһ󵨿š
İ۸ڰİϣ䣺ǺοࣿҲϲ㣬ԼʹôҲ޼¡ǸֻǡȥɻϣڴҲû˼䣬ֺαִţ
·ı۾ҧ۽£˸ոյѪζ
ʹʹӽȫ㿿ȻΪ
ȻĴǹһĨЦִܿŵľˣ˽㿴ҵ壬עΪҵġ
üİ˦ȥû˿вҡ
˭Ҳһ
°΢䣬顣
İսһ뿪˹ķϢ˳͢ϳҲİգһ֪ӡ
İƵվһԣƺһж޹ء
翴İһۣüȻ£Ǿ˳
գ¡

أҪޣҲֻܸ񡭡צ
Ƚۣλ׿֮Ҫðשඩղأ

֮

Ƿ׷ȥſİգ¹ʹ׷£ȻʱѹȥֽǱסô죿
統ȻŲİԽŮ֮񣬵˼µĹ˵ˣҲϵŪ
һۣİյС㲻ѾӦ߲֮ô
繴𴽽ǣʵҲìܡ
İտ
գֵܣҴ£Һܿ㣬ǡһıѵõ࣬Ҳܻ֣ǲǵңҲһҪֵܣҲ㡣
֪İյദãĸԡ
ʹֵܣҲģţڵĿȻ
İֻЦ
ȺУţЩĵİˣǿκζһ㡣
ʲôã
İգҰ˲ֵͷһۣ
Ů߽ڰ˵Щʲôŵͷ롣
ˣۿǸƵ̬Ⱥܲˬ
ƭҡȭ˰˶ȣ˵ҵõİյģ˼Ҳˣô죿
ɫҵӦ㸸ῴ㣬ŻԵġĳ嶯Ѿ£Ҫֻһ취
һ˻а취˾Ҳûôɢʲô취
ǡ˵ʱһ˿Ѫͺ壬ϰ
뿪ʱǸ˻ͷ˿۵һ˿ĺͲ̡Ů˾޴Ķùüֵԣ

ɱէ֡1

İսĪóй䣬ûһ˸ӡ
ûİֻЦ滢һԣĪҲЩɣһɫӣһɫ壬һ֪ǷƷ
ϣ岻ʻشʹסˣȻİû˵ĪҲ̡
˼ƣİɲһס
Ī֮Աǡ
Ȼߵһ·ʱһԵĻʮӭ˳кĪߣ̬
Ҳϡüư߽֪ΪŲϴݵĪϡ
ĪȻ䲻ץסǻƵ֣֮⣺㲻һĻƣΪл˺ļ룿
ĪıʣƺȻһɫղŵı΢ȫͬ
˵仰ٴ̵Īֿһ֮Ƚס˶̵Ĺ
ŵ΢΢⣬Īǵ϶Ϳ˾綾Ѫ
һתĪΪ˭֪˹Ҳͣƺо˵Ľ֣Ȼһ˿⣬˵Ļڡ
ļЩĿѩµܿȹ񣬴һڣһȺӦ
ԭĪЦЦпսϾȻ޵
оĪ˷ܣҲᶶĪὣǰ͵統̵սϲɱһࡣ
ղŻװǰһеĶ̽סȴϲĪһ˵ʹѨʹһɲǣȾѪ

ɱէ֡2

Ѫ׷УǸŮһһʽǡ䴦Ϭȵ
һʱ䣬Щ㶣Ȼ֪ŮЩͣȴ֪Ĺ˸ߣûκλ֮⣬ÿһжȭȭ⣬ʵȵ
ײ̫ãȺһʱ䣬ѲڣĪܵ棬Եͷɱ
ѸٸϣһԵǼ˱ҲЩȴӶײ˾׷
ǵĿֻɱû˵
ۼһӿҪ£ĪҧȥǸӣȴ׽סỮֱһһʹĪ򴽰ѺƵһԣⱼȥ
ڴͬʱİյָһʹǻеľݻһСڣԼԼѪ˿
У֪Ϊӿһ󲻺õԤУеĻ̲סü
ô¹Ļ֣ǽõ塣һ縺󣬿ŷİյ
õ壿İջܺе궯תͷѧĻȴ˼Ļŵԭ
Ǵ֮̿⡣۹һõϵĴ̣õȴŷĴ̣ʱǺ𣿡
һĻİ˲ʲôƵأǳɫ˲еõ壬ɼ̴Ƥ⡣
İռ뿪ıӰһưůůϦ¾Ҫһ㡣
˼ĿİսнԶıӰǲѪһ㣬õһ
Ī֪˶ϣϵƺɢ֮ģͷ磬ҧֱ۸һ˿ڣʹĪЩ



ǽۿǰɫŮӣʺѪѩ׵Ľϻұ
ȺĪձܹҧס˺˵ĹȴΪһ飬Ȼһ佣ֱֱ븹һѣĪ˺Ӷˤȥһֻź
Ī¶µʱһĨ޺ɫĸߴӰ±ߡ
ŵ¶µӰĽתһ䱸ĺˡ
ͷĺ˵һ⣬ʲôʱڵģǾȻһֱо
ң޺ѾľĸоǼٵѪȲӵѪȻ
Ȼ޴ūţһҡҡͷĽƺͥһ㣬û˿սĽŸУѪҲû˿ĸо
ͷĺû˵ὣ̡
׵ž綾ĵĽԵùֵ࣬ú־ŭһ˲䣬еĺ˶Χ̫޵ӡ
˵ɱǣŸ˴أĽ°ͣƺЩյģ
磬ǽİհɣõİ취ģĥǲ̫С°ͣĽЦһ񣬺˻ûӦʱǶѾѨá
ʲôʱ򣡺ǵһγ˿־塣
ѪҲԺۻӣη塣
Ƕף˵书Զ֮ϻҪߵöࡣ
ԶһīɫӰ
Ľ׹𴽽ǣ˶һۣ𴽽ǣЦòԣ˰
ûԥģĽԾ¶£Ĩ۵ĺɫʧڶϡ



īüͿԼʮ˷·𶨸˰פڶϣ߹ȥһ֪ǱѨġ
ӣīϸĲ鿴ΧݵϵѪȴڽӽµһݵϿһöµ壬ȴѱϡ
ī˿£ڻУ򴽲
˴ߡԸӣīżĺˣǲѨλѨҲסˣǵѨΪ˷ֹ˶ϲİɡ
˭һʼյֽ˶£ô֪ŮٵľӦһ书ʮָǿˡ
ôǸˣǵѣ
ѹźī俴µˣǵֹǡ
ʮ˵ְϡ
֪īͼǽҧгݣɫ
޻£һȺһ˾ƺƵǰˡ
ʹУİվڰǰĿǸƲȥ֮ǰǫ񣬴ʱİϾ˲ֱӵİ
ҶȰ㲻ҪˣʧİյĮ
ǣǿĹ𴽽ǣŬҪһİգգҲ˵ʲô
ôеȣİ̧ͷŵλãᣬȴðĪĵܿͻᶮˡ
վ⽩йȥˣ˽Կ⣬һȴɫƽһȴĿš
īӰſʱҡЦǰȴ̲סӡ
Ƕɳĺˡ
īȥһִͳһö̵壬汻ϵĺۼİձɫ



սе壬İеƺ˺٣ߵԣͣȴ͵ˣ
򴽲
֪תͷİտһ԰׵İǹأ֪
ҵȻ֪𴽽ǣЦʮֲ԰ףգôˣǷʲô𣿡
ǰɣšвءİźǴĿĺ죬Ǵİյۡ
һ˲䣬İվоĽߵĻźʹ
ˣˣİձͲΪ֮ϣǰĵߵģҪ
աΪʲôпɲ˻İգİĮգʶġ
㲻ãҵĵߡҡҡͷİƺЩ󣬡֪һЩЫ֮ƣôĻ˭˵ô
Ҳ֪ҧۡ
İտīѺһ٣֪˵Ļ֮˭Ϊֹ
ʲộҶ£Ѫ죡
ӣ̲סڵϡ
ǸпѪˣʶЦһİ?
֪İİҲΪ࣬ĺ֮ڽİҵӵܣҵİһİҸӷʢ֮İӵܵĵز
İңѲһ֮ˣİϼһֱհļ塣
īӰѺϵ⣬һȥһ˵Ѫ֮С
İմ߳ۿǰһС
ҴɽĶϷѪīŲͬǰ֪ĵǣ


17

ע

źֽ˽İճҹȡ
һ˳ٿسڿյϣҹȵϥ£һ
Ǹ¶ѰңʹڵߣҲҪ˸һİտһĨʣ޼ĲһĨ۵ķŭ

ǣ

ʹ
ʶģ䣬Ī̲סüںڰš
ʹͺ񵱳һܵǹһ㣬һ˯ҽԺĲУһ̽
żһҲֻʽοͼ䣬ûеرġ
ζĲЦԼʧܡ
һߣȴһӣ㲻ʧܣ
Ҳ
Уŵһ˵ĸо
˫ۣ۽۵ľƵ컨
û
ǰ˵ǧأô
ǣʹ
ˣһĨʶϣȴֺܴ飬˰ĵ
˶ĴҪشȴɤɵÿԣ˵Ҳ˵
һĪգΪϸȥգҲǴЦģšϤĪ뵽կĺ԰
˺صˣҿˣǡð¡ӳһߵݣǵկеĲ֪ˡ
һɫ۰ɫۣЩɷǵĸо
㡭Īܵü̲סŷԭĸоǺܲ
Цúܺгһҿңлɵı飬˫ʮһ̩ģѾͷʲô˰ҺСȻɾͲˡ
ЦĪ˵ջˮ𣿴˿ˮ˳ۣҪҲ֮ɡ
˼ĿĪһۣ̾һӣⶼע㲻þڴˡ

һ٣Ȼֻж̶죬λڷܸģڷܸΪ٣쵽ˣĿ㱦צӣ



ĪĬⶼ?
֮ڵ廹ǺúϢɣһڱԴһʱġ˵̾һ֪ΪΣĪܾĳֲżȻ
ƿ½ǣŲҩ˿ϣĪ뿴˿ںƤѾⷭԿкɫѪ
˿жƺоĪߣ˱߲ҩߵ
Ī뵽ǰѷĵС
ǵմǾ綾ôΪûһͱ
ĪԽԽ벻ͨ˵ĵϸˣμʱеڻ֮Уǰʵĸоڶμ棬;
˵ҽѿ߳ôżȻ
һ̣ʹסĪ񾭣ҲȻһ亹ʪ˱˵Ҳûͣ¡
ʹ˾ͺľͿ޳Щ㶼Ѿܹءؿڣ˵̾üĿ͸ı
ؿڣĪ빴𴽽ǣ۾˸żǿҰްĹâǾʹ˾ͻ޺ôһһֱԼȫĵطЩûκôҲûκαҪ
˵ĻʮŮϣ˿Ī룬Ųĳ졣
˰죬Ī뾹εİղ԰׵ա
еһɫ£ݺ㲣ʱʱдһؿȣǿȳѪ
ļ۾Ī벻֪Ϊоͻһ˿ۡ
һ۾Ϳɿľݣ˲ڣȥҩȥˡ
żϺ͸еʹĪ԰ǿվ·ҲĸоĪǲˬ

ջˮ

˿ڣĪһַǽڣһʱŵſڡ
ȴϿһĨӰ
㣬ǺµƺѵõĴա
ǣҲǻӡ
Ľף͵ͻһĪ벻ΪòĽ׻
תͷЦţ
ͺںͥԺ˵ڡ
ƲĪ벻СĴ˿ڣ̲סǰĽҲֻЦҲҪһʲôģҲ泤Ҳˤ㡣
öˣĪ롣
̧ͷĪ֪ԭͷǶˣͷȥʵվʣھ൱֮䣬Ĺȿˡ
ţɽƣģҲֻһ˰ɡ
ңĪֻ뵽ôһܡ
·ˡĽԣһôܡı飬ֻǮɻ
ร˼ͽţȻ׸ɡĪߡ
˼ҸǮ㵽Ժӿ͡죬ĪЦ
Ľ΢΢һӣǰ´󲻺ö¶׳ţһЦضûɫкβأǮЩ⡣
ĽҲȷԺʡ
ˮգһĪ
˴˱˴ˡĽľƵΧĪ°ֲֵͣţȴÿζܹ˿ڣԹźҲˡ
Īûɲ˿ڣǶȤζЦ
Ҳ˵ǲջˮǼʶĽ׵书ûܹġ
˵˵һһˣǸˣɱҵˡĽЦȴһ˿ˣǮ



ǣ˭Ҳ벻һЦԣߡ
ŶСĽȻһЦ˵ĶţĽתͷˡ
˷±ŵĪ뿴װ˲ʮֵҩġ
磬˶Ľ׺ĪʶеȣЦޣСͷӿˡ
СĽĽҲգֻǰһۣҵľưɡ
˴ЦƤգգۣ֪ߣСĽҲ
ĪһԿÿЦãĽ˳ֵʱɿ˲ֵ֣ƺǱϷһ̳Ӹˡ
ֽӹˬľЪǱҲ˾ˮմʪӡ
ŵǾ㣬Ī˿ڿˮǾɫ֪ضǺþƣ
ȣĽ׵٩Ŀޱ鵫˫˸Ī룬
Īҧͷ
Ľ׵Цôĥ˶ƺʧͲҳ㣿
ĪԣƵĿԼߵˣĽ׿ʮֵұȻ󣺡Щҹ˵ɡ
ĪеƣĽЦøˣͳɤǴƸŨҼ֣ðɣֻԿ
Īı飬Ľ׺ЦĴӻͳһ֧ɫڴߣ˵ӱߵġ
ĪҲ̲סļȺ嵽þò
Ϧ£¹ǸӵϣһĪ뾹ƿһ㡪Ȼ˳
ʯϣžƣɽˮоƵҹƺѾϰ߶ˡ
ɡ˲֪ʱߵĪԣдųЦ⡣

Ѫ

ǺĽ׶¹ⴵţǻ¾ںҹкֻۣǿıӰΪ۷
Ľ׵ơ˵У𽥱ĴڣԽĶԽʧΪǲŻɵĽףǾۼЩˡ
˵һʧ𣿡Ī૵
Ľ׵ıӰһۣⶼ
˵ĸ̾ԶŵӣЩƮ졣
ȻĽ׷·оʲôƵģͣ˴̧࣬ͷ˿Ƕ
ºڷɱҹЦĽ¹תͷǾȻһĨѪЦݡ
ԵĿƺѹ֣ĪüŴģ
һ˫۵ְסˡ
ֻȻžƣȴֱӵĪʾҪ
򴽣Ī֡
һ˾ĳĹУһ˲Χľݡ
·𿴲Ũҵɱһ㣬ĽЦˣ֮˵ġ
ɫĲݵأȺȴȺ֮ÿÿʽݵ꣬б
סһ˵ĹĽЦҾͲǵıӻУǱƿص£ΪʲôҪڶأ
֮̾䣬˵Ѫ˵ɴ˫Ŀ۾µģҲѪҺ塣
˾ԱߣƺǰѪȵһ£ֻǾĿɫ»źµӡ
ĽгһǽҲұĺ⣬ȹѪĽ?

Ȫ

赸㣬ĽѪ趯ţŵ赸ȴǲ̵
һ˼ףһתĪǰûĪ壬ͱסܶ
Īһ޹ˣŰ̾ԼĲ֪ν
ÿһ˶ز¶ǰɣϹĸƨ
ͷԴԽԽĹҲһͻΪĽֻأÿε㵽Ѩʱ򶼻ϷҲԸ˵ġ
һӣȻŤת
ӵϢİղ̤ѩīڼԶ˴򶷵Ӱʱ漴ī
ī߲վһԾľǰۺߵĿǰ״
İһ԰׵İ
ƺǲǸ˻Լ֪ʱ㶡
İղߺĽ׵Ĵ򶷣ֱߵһƽĪǰҲЩɢңƺǻҵӡ
Ī·侲Ŀİյһ˿Ǳ̲סĪ뱧УƺҪǶԼһ㡣
İջеĪ룬ȴİеô¡
İգں
İĪĲУζŻָ
˵㲻ӵġҪӣұ»ȪҲҪҵ㡣ĪΪİջһֱʱİյĻڶ𣬺ܵͳȴҲܼᶨ
Ī뵽ڷ˵Ļ
˵ӡ
ͷһˣҪء
жʮ˸ʮѷʣڡīȻӵԣҲûһ˿ű˵κͲڡ

֮ͽ

ıĪ룬İĪ뵽ͷһ£תȥĪ뿴ȴӰиܵǴĵ׷⡣
ǵ˭İƽ˽Ī֪Ҫˡ
˫ֱĿĪһۣȻ촽˶˱Ϣĵ£кɫҺǵĿʳ
Ī밵
ǾԸҲҪ˵ĻΪ̫ģΪٿǵ˱Ӵ
İҲĬˣɫȴƽƺͲµǻء
īߵߣͷѲǵ壬ҲûҳʲôĻǸƺǸܽˣûЩʿסָ֤Ķ
˿жһңҧƶңжī˻İԣȴ޵ɨһԾվŵĽףǸֻվǶʬ֮УѾףģȴīһ˿ĸо
ǵֱҵǸΪֹİҲѪ֮еӣȻ뵽Щʱڹпõ廨
ĽףҲԼš֮̿͡ɡ
Ȼһ㱡롣
һ΢Цţ˵ı鶼۵ס
ߣлȣİտһԵˣһ۳ĵƽţİճ̬ҲܳϿңն˴
ЦȴгǸӣ಻ǡ·ӡǷ๫
üĪ뿴ˣԵĵ٩Ǳӡ
İ۾ԡ๫ƺƺʮõӣ΢Цлġ

֮

ûУĪĵ׸̡
ˣҲ뿪ˡתͷѾָϷĽףЦСĽһߣ
Ľ׵Ŀȿİգ䵽ĪϣЦð
˵ϣź¸Զ
ǵıӰĪ벻
ղŵƺڶǻţĽ׾һգĵļįҲࡣ
ϵĴְĪӵЩĪ̧ͷ
ظɡİᴥĪĴܱĴĪǡ
֪ΪΣҪŴó
İյɫ˰ͷշת˱ĪĴ꣬յĪڱ˴˴Ϸ
˿ݣĪñ˴˾ţڣշתĪоǱůиǳȵһһµ
ΣİգĪ벻ϲ
һԽҧ´ǰӵǵ˵Ĵۣ¹ϣʥַġ

ǽİô꣬Ŭ۵׾Ȼ֮ԱǵıֶΡ
ڰԹУİպᱧĪߵǰᣬȴŲɵϣ˴ιжѾӰ쵽İѾȥµͷ·ɡ
޵ıͫةࡣ
Ī뿴ŰϳɫӰҹз·ÿҪӭݵһ
Ī֪ҲһŮӡһðˣҲһˡ
İȻᣬȴκ˶Ҫ䡣õĶû˿ļֵԡ


18

Ϥ԰

صİİһ·Ҳûб飬ֱֱֻĿĪ벻һ
ĪҲ˵֪İ
ΣյʱԳǿΣյʱ򲻻뵽ڣҲԼġԼΣյʱȴڰɡ
İᱧĪ룬԰һ·䣬ҽѾҽһԣİ˵Ӧ
Ȼ䵭İȻСñܹ˿ڰĪڴϣİҲûвĶǶôĳ磬űһ㡣
ҽƽС㣬ˡʧ񡣡
Īνĵͷ
ҽСƿ£üϺ˿¶
ɫıѾźɫǸղһһ֮˿ڣѪ˿İյˡ
˺±ʱЩۣСһ¡ҽİѡתΪС㡱˶֪ϲŭ޳ةŮӵں
ûϵġĪ֪ҽ΢΢һЦ
⿪ŵĽᣬҽСİѺͺõҩˮһʪ˺ճƤ⣬˺µĹĵʹࡣ
ҪšۿĪֿʼҧ´İյ̾һĪĿǰһֻļбڻУĴֻã𣿲Ҫĥˣһۡ
ĪߵİյϷʡ
Ī붪һöۣ漴㶡
ϤĳǵǰδԽ˷壬ϴ˵ڴϣİշ
ҲˣҽΣĸľǿ
ƽͷһΣһΣգİվΣյĴڣ

Ԥ

ƺĪĻ㱣İվĿ𣬾ǰ˰ૣÿο㣬㶼˵ġ
ǰ㾲ĸоֻ߷ᡣ
Ī벻
İգǸǧʱ⣬Ǳʱ䣬˾ûһ˿϶
Ǹ˵ة࣬һ֮֮ϣȴôᡣ
ˡҽȥİĪ½£˯£нǲɵϧվɣӣҲˡ
˴ӵߣĪȴѣںҹУƺΨһǰ˸⡣
գ㵽ʲôĪ뿴İյؿڣܲİյϡ
İգôأ᣿᣿̣Į˵ҪҸİæͼأĪЩʵζ
İӵûлش⣬ֻǵ̾һҲ˺㡣
⣬Ĭ
Ī˰ء
ڶԵı컹΢ůİӦǸո뿪ɡ
֪ΪΣȻŵһ󵭵ѪζȻһսϲɱĪȴеĲ
Ȼһ˿õԤУǸεݺȻĪС
ѣĪ߳ȥҲ֪ԼĽŲôеġ
߳⣬ԵŮƽ߹ƽûʲôĪеĲȴ
Ȼһİļҹͺϸ񣬵ƽʱŮ߹Ҳкģǵıǿӱһ㡭
ôֻһܣǡǡ
ĪץסһŮ֣ʵİ

Ӳ

ץסŮæ£ɫнţС㣬ūʲô֪
ʲô֪İգһʲô֪
еڹϣĪҪİյķ䣬ȴ;īˡ
ذɡīվڽһߵϣɫȴȻסĪ롣
ҧĪҪеĲƫƫԽԼ꣺á
ذɡīãǿĪеĵǺͱʱ˸һ¡
˵áһ֮ѴīĲϣīҲû˿á
İչš֪īһףĪ벻˵ֽ˽
īɫ䣬˵ʱڴһ̾ī
īÿ·Ī򴽣սʣ˽ȥ
ŨҩζŨĪ̲סü
ɡȿȡ³ç¡İռĪбڴϣɫ԰׵ü͸
һ紵İֿԼǿȳһ亹
ĪæŹϣ÷вİյ塣
ްġİճĪ΢ЦԸһѾЩҩںģȴû
ԵҩһۣİմĪǺһɫȴĪĶŪסˡ
ĪİյĴߣùһԵҩ룬۾ûпİգȴԤϵִ֣ʲô
İĵ׿ЦһԣҲֻɣûµġ
ʲôȻ̧ͷİձĻŵˣæǰסĪ֣οš

Ѫ֮

Ѫİ΢΢һЦ˵Լһ㣬ƽ
ҧ´Īһ롣Ѫ൱ڷ𣿻ЩֻǿڵҽѧҲµóǲ֢֮
Ҫġһ˫ḧסĪ˫ۣİܸоıǳ޶ᴥ΢
Ī벻һֱİյԼΪʲô֪Ϣʱĵ׾Ȼ޵׶ڰһմ
ġȻ۵Ĳ˼顭
û𣿡ĪԼ˵
ûаɡİշ֣ɫҲŲ⣬⸱ӺСˣҲ֪ܰʲôʱֻţܰþðɡ
İյĻĪ̲סͺ𣺡Լģҩôܺã
İȻҲЩãڵ𣿡
ĻŵĪ벢û⵽İյĵ٩򴽣Īùҩյİǰȡ
İֻЦţܹԵİҩȥһҲûʣ¡
ǣ֪ʹǳԶٵҩҲûõġ
Լ壬ҲֻԼ
ǣĪ밲һ㣬ôͺȰɣʹ࣬Ҳҩ
İһԹԵİҩȹ⣬Īӹ룬ĵһ䡣
˭˭ܾ
Īźţ˵Ҫİ
Ȼ˵ӰԼյǾ綾ܾȣôİյĲأ
ĵײ֪һϣĪ뿴İգգһ취κĲ
İҡҡͷɫŲɵļᶨˣ˵ġ



ǡĪҧģİֲ֪Լڲʲôֻǲİ
룬԰ɫģ
İտĪʹıã漴סĪ֣֣ȴյúܽ޸ҡ
ıٿʧĪƽݳһѷ졣
޸ҡİظһΣᶨǵɫûһ˿Цζ֪ǲĪĴȻİյպЩ졣
ΪʲôңĪʡ
İεǣסĵůů͸ľİеʹΪ϶ˣһۿʼҾ֪ؽİյޡ
ܼ򵥵һ仰ȴ̺һӵļᶨġ
Īģʼҡˡ
֪ԼܲܽİרһеᣬЩǰĪ벻ġ
İյİܰУԼһ٣ͻá
㵽ԥʲôأ֮̾䣬İղĪ룬ԼֻҪͷİվˣ㽫İյΨһ
İȴһҵĺۼԼõĿʼˡˡģܳ
áĪ˵仰ʱ̲סۿ
ΪΣǸңԶʱգô¶ĴڣһǧǰˣľȻѾ١
ΨһһôңɼĴ񣬾Ȼֿɼ
һˣǶôƽһ£οİة࣬벻Ը´ŵԡ
һΪܾءϲҪİûֻһôġá֣İոоƽûиоϲúͼһΪ㲻ԸһѸ

ʱ

ͷĪĲ䣬İղԼ۵׵ĲĪ뿴ȴоİձŤί
Ҫ˵ɵǿӲŤİյĪŶдŨŨľ棬˵ҲӵģΥŵԣôʹµҲڳҶңҶĪ
Ϊ򲻸ҡЦİһĪ룬֮ĪײİյţĪܸܵŵ͵͵𶯣ô÷ء
İյĲĪȴֻرסıİߵЦ⡣
ϣһɨīصһԵ̴Ӷӣ֪Ǻá
ݺݵĿ鰸ϺɫϲġİۼҪð̣ƺҪϵ̴һ㡣
İգ㶯ѸʧӦ޸㣡
ŭŭȭеһš

ɽͰˣ׸ôұ֪˭ȴΪԼĽɽס࣬Ϊ𣿺Թۡ
ȭһѳ鰸Σ׷ɼ䣬粻֪뿳鰸Լ
ºİ˵еμӻ
ĵףԾӿһĪҲ뵽ԼȻҲôһ죬ڵȴԼҸһһ쿿
ҸжԶأǺǣء
С㣬˾һū澴ԴδİҷˣǶ鲻ԽĴЩ׽͹ġ
ڷĪˣüڣƺǺþòˡ

ټ

ȥûױֻһɫµĪ崿ܽһ㶯ˡ
һҲ˳ȥиӵ
ףˡ΢΢һЦЦȴδĪͷʾл⡣
֪˾˴ΪΣڱܿİնضйصİɡ
ڵͷĪʾ£ȻޥģʵڴΪһ
аĪ벻˾Щ²ζʲô
ƺԥһ£̧ͷɱ
ŶüԭŴҲı̬Īѯʡ
ʵֻܺ˵壬ûɱֻѹŮӶֻҡͷʾ˵ֱڶ죬ܺŮӵʬͻУһ籡һܺ6ŮӣҲһ¡ĳ֪ư֮ܣֻæ
Īͷʾʵڻɱ
㶣벻ԼûصȻѾĵװĪϬ;ǵģҲĳĲ²⣬ϱƽͣ˿ûо֮࣬ĳúܿɡ
ϵȴûпֲ࣬ôҪĸԸҪôǱ
Ǳ϶־Ҹո˵Ůӱǿ˵İҲʵɡ
ǡͿ϶ͬһˡĪ
ȷڵͷӻóһֽЩѼı˵ϣǶС㣬Ը߰꣬ԵʲôӦҲпܡ



Īӹϣĵ׶˾˵˼֡ɵģһ˲ˣѰұ˵ĹͬЩֶڹŴӦǺİȴˣռҲ꾡һǧͬҲ̲ס
ϣĪ״ʣ˾ΪβյҪŮӣ
ĪˣС²ͷةࡣ
С¡
Īе˸Ͽꡣ
Ҳ˽ˣȥصɣĪսУʵ
ȻĪһڸù򡣡
İջˣɫЩƣӡ
ԷʱĪʣôˣ
˶Ī뷿ŵģÿˣǽռİһƣۣĪ̲סʵ
㻹ǵû𣿡Ȼİʡ
Ī벻⣬ǵõǼǵá
˵ǰģ㵱ʲôǵ𣿡İտЩǡ
ʲô˼Ҳϲ˵Īü
֮ԭֻһǾ㡣İ䲻˵Ī벻ü
㲻ҪһϵమģǺΪҴȻҪĹ?΢΢鴤Դһеᵽһƺܽ͵ĴڼʱĿŭͼôˡ
ǣѪľ飬ôܡ
ǣڴİյͷʱĪ̲סʯˡ
Ҫô죿֪ǰĪҲĿԵİӣҪΪľ֮øʵ𣿡



İĿĪһۣ漴ǸѾͷһȴĻɡ
ӵͷİյסģ˴Ҳſģʹ˭Ҳܴ߶㡣
İյ棬İյϢܻǡ
ĪЦɫ£Цǵ
İ֪Ǹˡ
ڵһμʱ򣬾͸˴˵˫۶̽ģ˫ǳһӶˡ
ǣֹЩ
ϲϲ׵Ϭ;ǿϲʹҲԸļǿϲʹȴĥ˵ŵ
һΣļį
ΪǱ˴˶ͬļįϣ̲סһٶýӽ
˴ΣΪֽ֪ģİ磬ȴһ
Ϊ米ĲΣĹң̫Ĺǣеĵһ֪ҪֻΨһΪҲ˵ġ
Ƕ̫ݲ³˴֮ڣΪ̫¶ҪҲֻȫȫ⡣
˽ֻҪסŮӵһǶôҪĴڡĴʹ͹¶û˾ǽСĶ
ˡ
ϣǻĵġ
Ӧġ
£ͻİյӡİɫʹ࣬ȴҲŻ䡣
𣿡ĪϷʵ
̲˾Ͱ븹ˡİհУ̾ĥҵġ

PS̫ۡŶͼ͡Ǽ͡żɣһPɣ

佻

Ҳṵ̂Ī޹գգۿİգ˫̽½ʼζ
ڻʥҲܲˡ
İץס֣صĴϢţҪҡ
ΪʲôĪЦˣ棬ȴӽİգĥţʲôĪһ죬ͨµȻʲô
İҧĪᱧѹڴϣУİյܳγǱʯһ㣺㲻òҵġ
ҲǵһΡĪ밵ЦЦװӡ
ĥ˵СѾͷұǰҪ㣬ȴ飬ͱΪ򲻿ˡİյϸϸĪ㾱ִ˲ƣĿҧ
Īȴ㶣ԭİΪԲŲһҸĻɣΪ֪İմʲôֻԼΪȻҪ͡
ʲôģǱů
оİյǰ˱Żٵ͵ͿҧĪ̲סա𡭡
İղĻǳͷղŵһôҧܻ̽ԣѾˮġ
šĪֹ˿еҲֹҪϣһ֤
ɵ㡣İյƣҵϼԸУĻ̫ڽխŪ
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ˮ齻ڣôϷ
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أ˳檵ıݡʺ״ÿĪһۣǲʣȽ˵ɡ
ȻƣǻʺȴȻһ֮ĸǡ
ʺ˵ļǡЦȴԽֵıĪŮӱɫΨ̫һֱ΢Цš
ԽԽףǿƶְԵԸҪʵ۵ˣ
ʺ󣬻Ӧϸ˲ǡ̫󰵰ߵʺԣüĿ˵Ļȴ̺˾档
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ȴΪڴ˲òѹ²ֻ÷׷񹧺أ򸣡
Ī뿿Ļ۳ǰȺŮ˵Ľ̬ԼɷҪȢСҲֻЦóʲôأϴ˼Ԧзô

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ƺǲһԼĪ̧ͷǻʺ
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үҩˡīһԣ֪ǵڼҩޱҲסһ˿ǡ

PSΪһξҪпˣ½ڵĸ»٣ǻָģҪż

ǲܣûʸ

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ҩ֭Ѿʧȥī̲סٴγ
ǰɡİͷҲû̧е
İ뵽İһԣ͵õҪΪɵϢϢʱİûκμǵȴȻ;Ȳ
ҺҹǸղŽ£ǴΪӵʱ򣬾ѾƺƮ鰸ǰǺһĨЦɫȴȻ԰ס
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죬īΪİղشʱİտˣûõûʸ񡣡
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Ҫ⽭ɽұ͸Ҫĳ˵İɷϡ빬ΨһڵĻȥɣʲôֹأİ಻ṶǵĺӶסģһĺɱԼ

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ȻѵأĪЦһһһ˵ţǺ˼ʹҲʾľеĽĪһ̡
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21

˻Ķҡ

ҹʵİյİеıӵҲйһء
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Ǹ̲סˣԲȥɱ
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ĪͷԸʲô׵
Ҫסİģ£һΪһĶͷİöͷסģסӵӣ



Ҫסİģ£һΪһĶͷİöͷסģסӵӣЩ˺ˣҶǼס̫ڱңԼΰߣ粽ҲӲҵġ
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סˣеöΪ㣬ȻΣգҾͻԥߣס𣿡
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Īû˵ȴŵĵ˵ͷ
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Ůϳ

֪Ī벻˵Ҳ˳˼ش𣺡š糯˵ñȽˡ
ŶתתĪ뿴ЦģȴЩĵǿε˵ֻҪʲôӦңŵ㲻
翴ڵ˫ۣв֪ʲôҪʲô
ڹʵеģܲܺһĪˣȴװһ֪ģ֪ԴմǸվͲˡ
ΪʲôҪϳǶŮ˵̫𣿡ӵסҲ𴩣ֻ˳ȥ
ᰡ뿴㴩۵ģĪҡͷֵʮֹɣұ֤Ҳ˵㣬òã
Ŀһۣ漴ĴȵǴŨصĴϢ
á
ķſ˵Ĵ꣬ܳȣ·ű˴˵־ꡣ
ģĪ뿪ĵЦȴᱧӣһ˲˫أĪĳ˼㣬Ǳ޹ı飬磬㡭
ôˣգգ۾ԵֵͷסĴȥ޿ǺܾûˣҪôޣ
˸һ£Ī뱻ڴϣ˫ֹסĲ°ͣСӣĴϢŨңҲ·Գʹһ㡣
𣿡Īգգۣ˵ѹסĪһ˵ϣϸָɵĽ⿪Цһģأ

¶ǵ

ݺݹסģʱǵ˼ԸУìĪͺŮһ㣬ƻ
֪Լʲô˼𣿡粻ֹĶǾ׳¶ڿУǿ׳Īнţ
磬㲻Ҫ𣿡Ī˿ûŮӵ֣·˦һԣҲŶ
Ը𣿡䣬΢ָȴ̽ǰɫ£ļ
ξá˵Īףܵ˵ĴָԼ٣岻ɲĽӲһ£ܿǿԼ
仰ȼˣһʰ
Ҫڣ޲ͣġ˵ִ³ĳɫ£Ůμѩļ֣Ƹסѩ壬ţͷ˱̵ͦĻȾɫ
СɫĽ׳ɫ°ķɫֳĶԱȣ˵ָӴˣĪȾĳġ
úøңϢŴصϢͬ㣬ŮĽǰӳȣ̲סָŻģĳֲĿ񳱣
š硭ûоܾеĪ뽿š
̲סĸɬ˫ֳſѩ׵Ĵȣͷģʱذѹʱ̽ʪʱǳʱŪţ֭Ⱦʪ˸°ͣȴȻţưϸϸƷ

밮Ĳ

𣬺뵽бƷĵ׻ⲻסЩͳǸȡµŮӡ
ҪšĪקű죬ͣͷһ㱡
ҪͣҵĺЦһҧԸеСͬʱһͦᴩŮӵ
šĪ⺰̲סָ⹴סǽ׳ı۰򣬼ϸֱָϻѪۡ
ȴΪڶžһһ¹ᴩĪƺѱ˴ΪһŰݡ
ڣ˵Ľǻݺݱӣӿĳ鶯˴˵Ľýʹϡ
ҵģ˵ҵġݺݾñ˴֮һ˿϶صĴϢ߻³
ҡĪǱ뵵Ŀʱһ˿ɺ׽סļ磬ԼָݺݽļУġ
壬һδεĹᴩĪȴľ
ǵģĪ룬ǸΪ˴ﵽĿĲֶεŮӡ
ŴˣӼӿ˳ͺͶŪͺţĻнǷĽ
Ī룬ųԼĳȵʱĵûмֻһط߽⣬
ûԼ˻Уӵ
ԭʹȻ˴ˣѪ
סȭͷĪǿԼҪΪµĺۺճҺ壬ǲĺҺ壬ĵҪ¡
˯ɡȻڣȴӵ˯£ҪϰĴڣ֪ģġ
˭Ҳ᲻ߣ

Ҳ˺ܶ࿩λ͹ټǵǵƱƱŶôô

ʢ

ҹȵĺĪīɫںҹſɫڻ
ǰȴΣĹǡ
˯գǷںҹԵһֻ˯ıǲ֪ǷǻеĹϵǱüչ㡣
룬ھͻղŻˮ֮ϣ
Ī֪£ֵʱ̣
ǡĪԵú䣬ɱͺбַ次
ȥʧȥ࣡ʧȥУְѽţ
ЦţĪǶĻ֪ʱԼǳªģĿ
ıءλãһϤ𣬴΢Ц⡣
Ī۽һ裬ɵһԵİɫڣÿʣڴڴһµӣʱüǺЦ
ĽףʱǱóڻʹˣʱ²ɫ£ͬ£󿴵ľ
ǸˣǵԳԼա
ջˮ˵
ˢ
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ŮˣĽ׻˵ĵҲءĽûпǰĽһ㣬ЦеģȴͬΣա
Ī𵱳˸˵ĽƣͬȴǽҪʢ
ȷ˶̫ʵĪĽǰ˼֣ʱǰĲϳһѪۡ

ʹ֯ĺ

ôʹ浱֮ĪںҹԵú䣬ȴԿŵͣƺǲ뾪ŵ˯ˡ
ۣĽƺȤЦĸ޶ĿôʹܿδĹɷ¶ı飿ҵԼˡ

Ī䡣
ֻҪһҾͻһӲʬ壬ѽһж˵ȥءĽЦЦĿĪ룬ɫܻǣ˼
ĪĽ˦һ£ĽײѪ㿪ʼʶ£Ⱦѩ׵Ľ׵ûƶ֣Ȼ΢Ц㵽ʲôĪž衣
֪Ľ׵ֻ֣Ҫ룬ԼĹ벻ۣĲ㣬Ī벻ü
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ɱ㣬ͻѪҲΪһĵ˶ƻԼļƻսʣĪתǽŰɫµӿӯӯգȴͦúֱư;ǿ
޶ƺʲô˵£ĽԼȵıӰЦ𣬾ͻʧȥԼҪĶʹҲִǰУϣȽ㲻Ҫڡ
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⣬Ǹ޵ȥ
ĽûиǣϲղŮ¶ɱͳޣǴʹ֯ĳޣòݡ

ڻ

ڶ죬Ī͸оԵˣȴȻӣװ֪
ȵϢڶţ̶һӡĶͷģİԵҡ
Īĵ㶡
˵ڶͷ˶Ů˵ϧΪֻղŻǣǣ벻羹ȻҲô
ǵǴŲɵϧֻ죬ʹС´пŵ
ϡŮ澵ʮֹģǺܿͱѹסֹס
񣬷ЪϢأţ޿֮ͣⲻκ˽š·óСģЩ
絭ķ׷ñӵĪһ˿⡣
ڻȴ߱ڲࡣ
Ī뵽仰
ⲻʵдˣҲǡǡܶˡ
ϣƺ˼ĿڣŮԼԼԸŮǣ׼õԡʱˮ÷һݡ
ڣ̤ţڼžŮվһԣŴ˵˯ա
˭ϣϸߣǱĵȴͻȻ̬Щ˵ŮǶסˮŮӡ
ǰЩ̬ȴһֻ߹èЩҵëһ̧ۣȥǵѹλδĹɷһͶ˻еĹעңȺŮ̵ʥŮӡ

Ůϳʥ

ŮǶǹū澣ŮΪ¶ϳбɴȰѱõԡˮʥϿͣɳġ
͸ͺĽ
š˼ܾŮĲĪߵԡͰǰ̤Ͱڡ
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ϽۣһѰĪеĸݾɫǱһĳ¸ΪǾ˻
ȻϲصţĪ벢û˵ʲôŮǰŪţǾԼڹеĴš
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ŮŴˣʲôĶһ㣬ÿ˵ɴ˫ۣһ˼飺˵ʲô
ӦǵľȣĪҪſȥ߰ɣϳһϡ
ﰡСԽȥĵط죡
ŮǽںĻ
ϳһŮӾȻϳ
ϣϸŴǵĽɣƺƺûֱվİպΪ׵Ĵ󳼣˶̸ű߽֮£ֻİպû˵վһԡ
ܡ⣬̫ΪѵǱϣ׷ͶȥɻĿ⣬ֻһεӰȫ̫Ůǵ赲

ɽˮ

ʹԶ֮ϣҲǵǰӰ΢΢𴽣ŮӴû˿⣬סҪǰӣ¡
ӵϵּ⣬Ƿ׷Ͷȥɻ󣬻򾪲ı飬ŻϾȻһ˷
İյӰûж෢һֻһֱĪ룬Щ΢ĵǡ
ϡ
һĪһȴͳĳݣ
ڳǹŮһһ̤ϴߵǰ۵ľ
ôô磿һϸ֫統ڳĪ뱧У˫˫ϣ̬
ϵԼ˵ĻǷĪգգۣ̬ġ
һ첱Ӵ֣𣺡Ůɸ泯ֱǷ̸֮˵գŭȥ
һλڳµ۵λʱΣһֱʱ˲ڣ˦ȥ
ɫδ䣬ҲδӻеŮӿĪıǼ⣬ЦЦļϷԣ
лϡĪװûпİգе֪İһֱڿһֱڿš
ǣҪÿϳػῴİյӰӦ
Ƿ糯УĪɫĵϣһסȫ˵һƬɫ
ŽһͻΪ˿ĻˮˡýǴЦġ
Ϻ𣿡ĪЦЩơ
޵ĽɽһˮӦûʲô¡Ц



ôˣϧһĿʧǿϣһѰ£ٺúǵģ
ϳתͷǵ
֮дӲͷƤ̸£һ߰ĪķһϽĴǲǴһ٩Цڴ޿̣ˣ뿪˴
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Ϸˣ˸߸ϣȴǳ˷ӿ
ʹҪΣ˰İո̾
ʹԹǲƽĵطΪλ̳ȨգԸ⽭ɽЩ޴֮ͽУԸ磬һһһưܵĽӡ
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ҵģ²ֹ¡
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ˡūǿܣˡ£ȺڵŮͳͳ£»Ϲ𿴻ﲻ֮
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ĻķԸȴȺڵصūǲ£ϵĻǾףŮӽ󹬣һַ

ʲôԸ

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絥ϥǰǿٴʱݣŮӣ˸֪ǷĪĴƿһİ㡣
ҪģһԸ㡣ʲôԣֻҪ߾ͺˡ翴Īı΢ЦӣЦͳɤ紼ƣϾһֻ̣ҡ
֪Щʲô
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ӵ壬˯ţǻ͸ֻܱ̾۰ӵס£һ֪ʹҪʲô֮¡
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һĹɣˣٿߣۣסԼĺúƽҾȡ
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ĺ⣬ģ
֪ͳͳ֪
ĵ׿ЦǺޣͺްɣޡ
磬һʹҪɱҲ۾



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ıءһɤ粻üоеĽ뿪ĵ
ʹʲôطƾҲ룿
ѾһͼӴ־ķȡ
ϸϸǵĶԻĴҵƽûκ
һ˴о£̲סӵԼĻů
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֪ԴӺû˺Ī¾ûи߹ƫ͵Ŀԡ
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PSвһξҪпŶΪ˺õĸŬأԺܲҸߴһ׵ϢǱ齫ٸһڻͣŶ
أǧҪżҶѧҪżĿĺҶε׾ܣǧż
оǣǺϢɣνδƳŮ𵱵ϵУ齫ΪƳޡ͡澡Ů𵱵ϵУһڳﱸµִģҲϵСҲִģУ԰ڵҿԿʼڴδ궼ﱸϵС
ϻҲ˵ò࿩ҾͱˡȿθİɡϣиɹĩŶԿһͯڿŶ
ϻҲ˵ò࿩ҾͱˡȿθİɡϣиɹĩŶԿһͯڿŶ

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Ҫ֪һжҵġ档
ǰһжҵģĺޣıļƣһжģ
á˵һ֣Īû˵ʲô
ŵһֻҰòǰڵǵһ㡣
ȴ֪ģֻһ֣һһֿϲͷһͷԼؿڣԼͬһӰ㼤ı顣
ԼҪˣһá֣ûκζһĳŵûɽ˺ģ˼δ壬ȴϲǾʧ
磿ˣ˵ʱƣûеɣûоϳ£ֻƽŮֻ
˽ڴӵţö뿪
ԴĪ˹ͬ裬ÿһȺǶʺۡ
ڣƽ˹Ϊκ˽ɧš
ǽȴһλˡ
Īϣһ̧ۣ飬ĿվԼǰĻŮӡ
ʺ󾲾վǹŮӼȲҲʺãȻԵãȴû˿ŭļ
ڣĪһ裬²豭һ֧ۿŽѾаʱĻʺ
Ī񣬶׼ԼԼ˲򣬼Ӳݡ
Ҫ֣ҲֻܹǹԵɷ򣬵Ļϰɣû˱ʸϲɡ
վǽˡʺۿȻĿڣƽ޲һ֮ĸĳȡ

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ǰ뵱ҲһͬĪԵŮǻʹĥȥΨһӲϳѡ
ϲĪЦúС˵־ֻЦⲢδƬɫͫǺҲֲĺ䣬ʺңǲϲɡ
ǰòϲ⽭ɽвǻˮΪһ֮ĸӦòϲģǡϲ㣬һϲԺ䵹ҵο֪㲻ϲʺԼŵ£ǸЩŮӡ
ˮ𣿺ǺǣǻˮŻʺ̽ĪηӭϣЩƣ٣һˮûʺµλã˼ǹı乬Уϴء
˴治ĻɾĪ˵˳
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ŶζӦĪ뿴ιµĻʺһεִ֡
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ǴݱĳԴǰ޴µŮˣĪֻеĺ⣬
ңͲƣңͲɱҺңͲҳʲô׶֮ʹ֮ʹ



ʺ򴽣һ˿ȣܿתΪɬ㲻֪ģϵӵǿ㣬㻳˵ĺӣԸҲԸ˷
ϣȻ֪жôأ
ΪϽɽΪȥ
֪𣿻ϰһȨָİةࡣʺҲ֪ԼΪʲô˵飬ȴΪԼ˵ʲô
ǰķ죬һС
ʵ빬ʱ򣬾ע
˵ʲôΣյ˫ۣĪΪϢš
Ϊİةమ㣬ҲΪ˶Ҫ㡣ʺЦŵſɬ
һ޹ҹ̿ͣϴŭһ׼İҵİةĹ£һȨ͵һ롣οİةȨԶԶ峯͢һ⽭ɽһͬ裬֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Ī򴽲
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ʺ󲻹벻ƽ˵
ҷ𣿡Ī΢Ц
Ҳ˻롣ʺϵ壬ӣ鰧˶į
ֻϣԼ֮ʱҪ˻϶ģȻ·ǻԼѡģҲֹϾҵķ²֮룬ֻҪס˰ģںܶǰˡ



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Ī˼Ŀ뿪ķŻĻʺ󣬴ʱҲһƽŮӡ
ֻǣŬͦȴŬάǻʼҵϡ
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ǸŮΪԼʧȥУֻ֪ͬʱӵһ޶ˣһԸΪȥһԸΪȥɱǣȻ֪
ţжôһ㣬š
길ڶ߻̾Ϣʺ̾һ
ȻˮһҪõĶ
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վȴĪһڴǰҲ֪
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ǣȴڴǰ˼ı顣
סĪϸĪͷתȥ
ôˣ˭㲻ˣñǼľѣĥ
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Ī翴ʱЦĵ׳ЦǸŮ˵޴ǧ󹬳谮Ψ˰ãϧǻʺʲô
磬ǲ˵ʲôң

Ϻ󣬷Ϻ

磬ǲ˵ʲôңˣĪȵţš
ǡȵҪⲻֵСŮ˴̴ûκԥ
ôҪ󹬡䣬ĪԼĴסģô״ɡ
类İʹ۾ȴ繴㿴ĵŮӣʣΪΣ
Щ˵ҪʱûйĲ졣
ֻǡһ˿ݣҪһ˰ˣҿɲͻᵽȥѰ͵һ֤Ҫһֻһˡ
áһۣݺס˫Щֱ˺·ּΪ󡣡
ŴˣĪҡͷ󻶣ҪҲҪʺ󡣡
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ҲŲҪĸ£ǻˮˮĸأĪ״ĵ
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˵ģһ˵ģˡװûĪ֮˵һѰѹ£ݺݹס˵Ц档
áĪԼô˵
ʣ⣬ַ顣
͵Ϳҧ˵ǣǰת£ӯӯյľѣ˫ֽ§Żеů񣬲Ըſ
ĪĵװһǹֿЦԼѰ಻ôĻʹʲôأڳŪԼı?
ԺУ鲻ԽֳǰӵӰǺӵʱȻǳɫӣǷ·Կ͸һеӵ½𸲸ǣΨʱſԿƽı顣

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ʵѾˣ͸ˡ
Լ̫ڸˣĪЩʪĶͷִأӵƺҪԼĹһ㡣
ȻĶϣƽ̹ĶѾû˻еĺۼ⻬𪡣
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ĵװҧΪԼصĺܺãǵǸɱڴǽʱĻ̲ס
ΪĶͣסǿƵקסֱ֣ĪСǣϸš
硭ŵĺ⣬Ӱ˰
ҪǵĺȻ̧ͷǲ桭һ˿
ĪһŵҲҪʱġ
תƻ⣬翴ʱӯӯյͿѾеģˣ̲ס
룬ǵĺǣ롣
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ԼĹ
Բ𡣡Сһ£绺š
Īȴˡ
һĪ촽Ц漴ţԼ̵ı顣
֪һ䡰ԲжôĿЦͺһ֪ĺͯд̽źŻ޴˵ǹġ
һԲزĻͷҲĥǻĺޡ
Īȥ󣬿ֵҩ
ÿȵҩ
ǣֻ֪ʲôҩ
ȡҩ룬ԥһüͷҲûһ£ףҩѾȹ⡣
Ǻǣ磬ỳĺӣᣡ
ʹҩܻ֮⣬Ը
һ˿Ҹϣ統һҸһ㣡
һԣСҩȥ



СͷùãźĪģֽҲ
ߣ벻㻹ֶͦεſڳһѼɤɢҧгݵĺ⣬ΪǷǺӣ벻ҵ˶ӣǿˡ
˵ʱµױαװĿŤ
ϷԸҩСղԣæϣϣסӵİȫ
ūţū˵ķ𣿣Ŵ˴ŭðŻ˫۷·ҪСһ٣ҰѹңǷˣ
ˣúýѵһҲԸ
ʼգĪ붼û˵һ仰û̻ԼڵѾߡ
һԸôôӵ¼סСһһһСǰȥÿһ¶ģ·ָ׺ɲǻл𻨱ĳ
СҧŴţû˿֮
޶ЦΪҺϾ
ı޿ɾҩĪ΢Ц˵Ļȴ˰һϡ
⹬֮͢УҪľαװαװԼ飬αװԼĲԼצ˳£ȴܱĪĿɹɫ
ϼݵ⣬һͨɫ΢䡣
檲μϡӭȴƼһɫŵһ¡
һԵôôֹͣеĶСȴףǱ

ҪҸ

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㣿Цˣɭ䣬òɿһƷ֮ϣۺΣ㶼ӦԳƣ֮У
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СһֵۣУѾˣԽȨûɣ
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졣˫۱䣬³䡣
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ĪЩ˿Ϊ⣬ţؿڣƺЩŭＱš
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磬㻹ҪҵȶãĪʡ
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꣡ū澼ǣ׷밲𰲡
ЩūǵУĲԸ
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İյ̾һ
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ǡ

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ʱһμİ΢Цı顣
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ҿǵλİЦͺ̸һ΢һ㣬ֻȴһ־棬Ҫǵһ£һ㣬Ϊ˾ȳ͢ǾȲ
㡢̲⳯͢סʡ
İ俴һۣЦ𣺡ֻúĵλúٹңİձ߰ǰ谭ܣҲҲȱһûʵۡ



ȻˣΪʲôѡң
İչ𴽽ǣתȥ̤һ̣İյΪİմδˣֻ㷽żʹҲȻֱңҾͰһѡ
Ĩѩʱһ㣬ȥҲϢ
ֻ֪类ųһ亹
ʱİգһ緢ſ
ֻԽԽأҴӲ˿˼
һ֮ҲǳɫʲôӲ֪İҪʲôİȴÿÿҪģλ£
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ΪŮӣڳֻ͢Ϊ˱
ϣĪ뱻ӵסڿϣż̧Խĵ̬԰ٹ١
ŹԱǵ£ĸĪķ̬ưȴһ˿ᡣ
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˰ĵƺǳһ£ŵо֮жʥϲĴԣ˴ԶɡйءףԶ˼ϳһ£ǲǸ˼У
һз˵ˣһڳʼ˵
Ҫ˵ĻеĪ봽ųһĨЦ۵׵ЦŨΪ۵׵ƣǶİյģ

еԤı

ɫδģֻĵһ˿ᳰ衣
űƼ˰ɣ֪ǸϵŮӶԷжأûѡ潻֣в
ֻϧϴһ¡
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ֻ֮ܶ÷ִ磬ֻǵ㵽ֹȼڳĲôԵ֡
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檲֪ϲɡĪЦŻشóİյĵ⣬һǰµһĨҰġ
ĪãһǸĽɫû˻Ѭĵĳ͢˵磬Ҫĳ͢Ҫ̫أߣµġ
Īڿ΢΢̧ͷһĨζЦ
ĨЦĪ벻üĵһĨ˻ŵʹҪһ㡣
ǿеĿХסĪӽ䡣
ǳԤıߣ
ôãôãԭȻ⳯͢ϵˡ
ôĪ񲻸ģԼӵˡ
أЦ𣬶ĪĹ۲ҲŲ졣
Ҵԭ򣿡عͷʱĪѾˣһĨġ
ĿӣҪתͷȥһº޻еаٹȨʽһΪ½İٹ٣һ»

һһĶԲ (1)

Ī뿴Ĳ֪ʲô
İյһ˿Ц⣬Ÿ̨ϵˣȻǵ磬˶רУ񵱳һڴΪʲôҪ
İû˵ֱİոеζ͢ѾưܣҪһٹٵĻʵۣһܣİҪģһ˫۵ˡ
˫ЩսսԽԽᶨİ֪ûѡˣΪĻһӵĺûʵۡ
ˡͷ󿴵ģסĪһĻ
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ôˣĲףĪһʡ
Բ𡣡
ͳƵɤĪ밵
һ䣬ѵ¶Ѿ̫
ҵĴҴˡñ˴˸һξ룬ɬ˫뻳ȻŮ˫˫侲¶£Ĵָĥš
ˡĪ뵭
Һǰ㣬ǰǸܻЦǸǣ

һһĶԲ (2)

Һǰ㣬ǰǸܻЦǸǣȻһѱסһֻ˵Ĺ˻𣬡Ҵаҡģֻǰ㣬ֻҪúðѡ
ġĪĲְǸ֮ɥˣȻẦ£˴޴롣
㲻ǡְסؿڣƣﲻǣ֪ң޲ɱң֪
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ĪۿǰǸƺѾ״εˣĵһĨӺŮӵϸµԼҲûвİˡ
˵һҪǵãǶôİ㡣
Ϊȥ
һ£һºҾͻһ绺ǿ׳һӰסģŹ̵ϢһΣҺú㡣
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סƺҪǶѪУʹеЩʣȻ
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ֻǾڴϣҹĪ˯š
һֻḧƽ̹Ķӣϧ
˫ᣬǱˣϱĶӣĺһ£˵һԲ𡣡
ǳǳĶԲ
ǣϵŮȴûȻҲûп۵ȴһеļᶨ

Ľ֮˵

һ£һӡ
Ϊƽõȵһº䣬ⲻ֪Ǳ꾹Ȼϯǣǳ֮͢ϡ
ϵŮԣɫ΢䣺Ľף
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ƺĿĪһۣƺ˵ǼζҲ˵ʲôæǵģƽǴĽλͽ˵ĶУݵعԱϱжŽһɫ޵Ϊ
ŴˣĪ벻ЩȻЦλ󳼶ԣкɫ޵Ӷл𣿻ֻûô޴Ϊһ²Ľ׵ɡ
һ仰û·أĪˣڱģǻϣ֮ϵĵ
ѵʶڶĥţżֳȵΣա
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áĳְ翴漴ԸȥȽĽռദϼ̲顣
ϣĪ뼸ԼģȻΪһ²
ƺܵĪĲͲãۣĪĶߵ̬ȿҾĥһˡ
ЩŨŨľ棬ƺʲô֪Ľ׵Ľ飬ղƭ
ǵģƭ
糯Ī뺮ǰĻ԰ƺڷ㶡
ңŵİ޷˵˵
ûϳĪĵĪĲ
ʲô˳񣿡һϷʵҲδ룬Ī뷴Ԥ֮мŮҲΪ֮ʵա

ͽ

ưһԻգһԻա
ͬĪ뻹ǵã˵Ϊ˻
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ΪЦЦ˵ǣ߲ǡ
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Ϊִ壬Ī΢䡣
Ľֻ𵤷ЦˣȻиֳһΣյζĪҲоˡ
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ĲţȻֱֻ벻Ȼֵ볯͢շ˵죿
ʹԣǲҪĴڡ
ȻѾҵݣֺαضأĽ׵͵Ц˼һ򴽲Ī룬ЦΪƣС벻ϻΪҶؾڹ﹬ء
ɫڣᶽĪŵΪ˲׽㣬㼿ǿϵģϾ޽顣
Ī̧ͷǸʹһ¡
ı䣬ûиģƺǶѾʧ͸
ŶĽ°ͣȻһ˦ƾ˸ɭĹһѾĪĲ

Ϊʲôɱ

ſ⸱棬ŵͣס˺ɫϡ
ϺýšЦ˵ǲĽ˼֣ۼҪǰƤСֻҪѣֻҪϴòС񶨱ȫ
ԣ˫ȭĪ֪Ҫˡ
ΪʲôҪ׽סңֻ˵ʡ
ҿ԰뿪ʹ𣿡ĽЦ粻ڼ䣬ýлƲѪȾ
һ裬缸¶ĵ£
һԵĽƿóһĶǰѳıüߣң
ǺǣڣĽתһѺᱧĪ룬תʱһԾǽգۼ䲻Ӱ
ҹŭš
ϣ׷䡭һԵʿǵʡ

ŭ˫ۣսȭй¶Ļš
һģοԼûɱû뿪ģ
ǣʧȥĸо˵Ļšİأ
԰УĨһߴӰȻһš
±ߣĽأĪڵϡ
ĿĴﵽˣҪȥˡĪ붯˶ЩԵ󣬵
ΪʲôɱңĽ׺Ȼ䲻ʡ
Ī㶣ƺǿŹ㿴
ĽȴҺʹĽ׵ȴÿЦ޵˫ȴδе棬ɱҲΪʲô
ҪȥˡĪתҪ뿪
Ҵ뿪ΪʲôҪȥǸĽ׽ס֣ʡ

֮Ю

£ţĪһֻҪάԼ˼СޣƱ˵š
ʹŻˮ֮ʹʧȥһУ㻹ȥĽ׵
ǣһᡣĪҧ
źſĪ룬Ľ򴽣Цֻϧֻһˡ
ʲô˼ĽױһĨЦĪüʡ
֪Ϊʲôİûϳ𣿡ĽЦĹ졣
ʲôƺ뵽ʲôĪ뾪
ǶƶĽЦþʺŵ޻˱ȴַԼĲˣ죬ûнҩͻ
ĪزţĻ
İա
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ģнҩĽ׻ĪȡסǱµĽһѳһʣĽ׵ǹԵЩ粻
ΪʲôĪƺ뽫˴̴
ΪʲôΪܵܰƺ˵һЦ飬ĽЦĺܿģȴִԳ
յĵܵܣĪʵ̫˼ˣΪǡ
˵Ϊʲôǳò񣬶ԲԣĽЦЩпᣬˣҲŻᱻǸĵ˶֪ʱ𣿾һ֡Ǻǡ
İҪĽſ񣬿Ǹп
ҲġѽҩңĪҧ´ԸĵһĨʹĵľ
õҩֻ㡣ĿĪһۣĽװĪУٷĪýԼؿڣɱңͿԾİգԻصǸ͢Ĺɷˡ
ӣĪͺ
ɱңͲܽˡĽ׵һ˽ٳӣǸˣͻᱻ乬ź۲࣬ˣҲûйϵ𣿡

ҪпĹңҪóɼ

ǸգԹ1

ĪҧΪҲɱ㣡
˵գĪսе⾡ԡ
ġĽ΢Ц⣬ȴûкˣɱԼؿڣʹ
ɱ˷ҿӦлҳӦ֮ءȻˣΪҪ˱ңѵֻĪü⣬Ŷ˵ġ
֪ʲôĿģĽ׵书ɱԼңǾԿܵġ
ٲ֣İվûˡƺǿӱ⣬ĽЦ
㣡ĵױʹĪȴǳٳû֡
ǰһ۾Ҳգľ֣һ˿ԥ
ǲ֪ΪʲôΪͬ˵ƫ̻ǰ֣ڡ
ֻҪѽҩǱ򴽣Īڻ˿ڣܸоĽ׸ľģǲ֪ԭ
ǣǲܿȥԼĽ¡
ĽԣɲǱᣬ·ϵĻشһ㣬ߵţ˵ˣɱҵģֻ㡣
ͳɤаȣȴڸǲס档
ĪüԤϵĽ׵ĶʱҲѾ̫ˣĽ׿ٵĪѨʱĪֻܱھٽá
ɴ˫ۣĪƯ۾Ųţ·˵ľţ˸һɫĹâܼӡ
Ľ׵ֻύһˣֻǸˣȡҵĽ漴ǵаȣ̧ͷ۾ֻ׵ĸ顣

ǸգԹ2

ǰһ˿ֻ̣вһߵľ롣
΢Цǰһ
ꡪǽûƤ
ĪɴۣͫײţǸᶨǰˣ˵ִǰţʹǰѽûš
վסĽףҽվססڲţܸоԼᴩŵѪŲ̣ѪȾ˺£ǰ˱øӵ
Ǻ֮ſ
ֻǣȴʢл
ıһʣĽ߽һʱѾûţѪɫǰӿ
ƺԾǰʹĽ׻֣ǰ˰Ħǰ۵ա
ӣӣĪоۿӿһɬԼеĽһû壬ĴֺܱѪҺȥҲʧš
ǵʱҾ͸˵ջˮԹĽ׵촽Щ԰ףȴȻڡ
ǰĪ뻹ǵãݶ£ˣľСľǰĽ˵Ǿ仰
˵
˵һ죬ҲһԸ⽻ˡ
һЦգȷѳߡ
ҧ´ĪҪѨÿÿʩĽ׵Ĺûѧûһ˿취
Ī۵ųǵʹˣȴۡ
ۣҲۡ
ƺһĽһʱߵǰʱǰѽѾᴩš

ǸգԹ3

Һ㣬㡭Īʱ޴Ͱʹ
Һۡȫɥʧһ㣬Ľ׺Ȼһӵϣ˫ֲֵñıƺһУȫѪҺƿҪƵء
ѪӵȾĪɫıȳʹƤĪԸо˴صĴϢ
⿪ҵѨĪͺţȴֻܱӵסۿԽԽ̱Ī뼱ˡ
㰮Ҹ𣿡䲻Ľ״ϢţС
򴽣Īûлش
شңԺҾˡĽ˵ɣһѪĪһ
һһһ˫ˡĪоȵҺл䡣
Ľ׿ɬĹ𴽣һ
סңҪסҡȻĽֱסĪĴʱĪоڵѪζ
Ľʹüһְֻסս֣һְֻסĺԣԼζĿУȻƺһᣬְסĽѸٵĴؿڳѪʱѪһɱųȾĪؿڡ
Ī뱯䡣
ʱоϵѨԼ忪ˣǿסĪһҪĽ׵壬ָȴѪɫ¾
Ľ׸ߴӰڵϣһƵ졣
Ľף쵰쵰ĪȫƱɣĽ׵ԣ䣬Ľ׵ϣĳֱľӨ
˵ձֺαͽģĽ״ʱ۾ʧ˽һ㣬Īһϣ촽ڡ

ǸգԹ4

ΪʲôΪʲô۾ӽ֣Ī뿴źѪ˫ۿնжļ󰡣
ˡĽЦŵĺѪڿӿ˫񣬻̧ҪʲôȴһƬ
˭ɵģ˭ɵģĪ뱯ʱһֻҪޡ
ˡʲôҪˡյճȭƺҪץסʲôԾɿտҲĽסķ΢Цţһа
ܸоʲôţؿڵĿͣĳʹȴмһˡ
ֻǣĵӿһɬ㡣
֪ģŮжôĿӲʹñڸסȴزĵ
˵Լֻύһˡ
˵
Ϊⶼ
ǵ˸˵ġ
ǲ飬֮ԴŮˣʼԼˡ
һΪ˻
ŮˣģôǿһˣʹԼһУ
һ統һ˵ϣûж֣ǵʱ˵ΪŪ˵ذ壬ֵá
ܸˣͬʱȴſա
ģˣȴɱôôأ
԰һΣɱ
ʹʹ˽ʹΪǣȴܡ
ŮˣĽףʵһ֮ˣ˸˵֮һעһĴƯ
ǣĽˡ
ġˡ


22

ǸҪʧ

е˽û˺Żǵ¶ɢȥĪȴҲÿնɫ۵һ̶һƬ
һ񼫵ˣţҲĪһ˿ĸ顣
˺ܾãܾãõĪҪһʯʱˡ
򴽣Щ΢ɬѪζ
ˡ֣½ţҳһСƿУվϵҲϽеѪգ͵ͿǵѪеһƹ»һȥ
֪˶ãĪةฮǸζʼİĵط
߽ȥʱةฮûˣ·Ӧ֤ĪĲ룬ɸתǺ󣬲ż˲԰æµӰ
ԶԶģڷǰɫӰ֪Ƿо˵עӣīתͷһѪǱĪ룬һ˿죬ٶתͳڷŭ
ߵīǰĪ͸ţƺҪǽںľǻƲͷóƿݵīǰǽҩһжõġ
ī򴽣Ҳ֪Լʲôӥһ˿⣬īûиɤ𣺡ȥ
ĪתҪߣīȴһקסֱۣǿӲİƽţקϤĴϣʱĪ
ǳǳĺƺҪһ㣬İպ԰׵Īļᡣ
ī֣ĪڴߣһĴ
īߵǰ뿪ʱ͵͵˵һ䣺

Ǹˣ

īߵǰ뿪ʱ͵͵˵һ䣺Һܺ㣬Ϊӣûһβʹ㣬Ϊ˵ʹ񣬵ڣ㣬ߡ
űϣĪ̲ס̵ôԤ׵ĵ
աૼ䣬ĪӴƿеҩ裬ݽİյĿУ£ĵһֱ񾭲ɳЩ
աաô죬Һúޣúްͷ֮䣬˱İյ÷㣬ľþòղһĻôҪôǲſԻصǸʱ򡭡
͵͵ţʱĪҲǸļŮӣֻһҪҪİյŮˡ
ڰ֮УİţǰĺڰȴѹʹҲѲǺڰ
ԼԼŮӵĿ
İһ㶣ǡȴң˱ˣƺʧȥԼҪ֮Ĺһ㡣
ЦֻһþΪʲôʹǻþҲҪ
ʼ䣬İǽյĳ΢Ƥ··ת˼ȦȻķѵĳſһƺķһ
ûҵ࣬ȴҵһһϤҰ˵
û˵ʵĿµһĻһΣΣѣ뾪һС
ֻǣΪУҲ˰ˣһһֻʧȥ·;
֣ƺ̽һȥĪ̧ͷĿӣʱ˿

˫ӣעͬһ

աĪ૽֣ȴһ˲վҪŶ
ҪߣȿȡҪȿȡû˼붯İһֱ־ҪץסһȴٵĿؿڣɫʹֻ֮࣬ȴ˰
Īҧĵ΢
ⲻΡȿȡⲻΡİĶʣĪһ˿ˡİգʲô³
תĪĿһϮµİգɫܲ԰ףһ統ʱһ㡣
Ѫۣİ۵һʣʲô£
ʶĽ𣿡Ī
İһˣ˽ôˡ
ȻѾµ߰˷֣İյɫǲ԰ˣڴصĴϢš
ˡ˵ʣĪһûӹİյ۾ɱġ
İĻش˫ۿ컨壬̾Ϣһ䣺ԭǸ˾㡭
Īߵߣ͸ѯʡ
İտ죬֪˫ӵ𣿡
ҡͷĪֱİסʹ˱Ĵ֣ȴĪĪ밲Ϊ˫ӣͻͨʱ˻ǰͬһˡ
Īһƺ뵽ʲôͫ׷ŴƺҪİյ֣ȴİսס
С˵ֻύһˣ˵ûǻΪ˲ȥġְĪ볶İյűʹ׷ɱʱղס٣ǽµĶҿʼ

໡ڿˡ־ԸҲˡҲǸĵʱˣ
νҲڷŶܾûĵҲǼۡףⶼǽڣ
ءż֪żԹԸġżϾտˡŰдЩŰλ͹ٲҪ֣Сףԭżš

Ϊ˱ࡾ1

УĪһЩĶɴ۾ƴţȥ
СһɡͺһĪ尲ᣬ˳£Ⱦʪİյĵ£͸˴˵Ƥ֮С
㣬֪˶ǲǣĪ̧ͷɫ԰ס
İ۵һ˿ۣȴǵ˵ͷ
ˡĪ͵ЦţЦһᡣ
Ľ˵ûǻΪ˲ȥġ
ûˡ
ôʲôʲôأ
ǺǡĪ벻ͣЦţЦͣǿİ۵ףȴı
İû˵ʵƽһУĽһΪ˱ΪԼʯ󺣡
İûеܵܣĽףīĵܵܡ
ڲǰǸŮһ޵ˣδڣͶ¶űǧķ绪
֪ʱԭ򣬵Ǻˡ
Ȼڵīʱ֪īһܵܣȴ֪Ȼһλӡ
ϸ꣬ʵĽ׺ī߰˷ƵģƵĵط۾͸ǵĮ
ʹĽʱʱ̶̿аЦȴڸסȫ¶䵭Ͳпᡣ
Ľ׵ʱīĹϵ˵Ǵʱɱ˰Ϊṵ̆ɫµĳͷһбʱ֮͢ڽĿ񳱡
ʱĽѾо綾ֻǱǿѹŶԣԲûǿз
ʱİüһ裬Ĭ̧ͷΪʲôҪ

Ϊ˱ࡾ2

Ľ׵Ļֻԭ
ĽͽˣΪǮԭ£һ˵ĸоİܾĽһһû˵ڡ
˭֪ĽԣֻЦЦǳǳĴǱĿ⡣
Ľڴ̨ϣԾµһ̣İ˵ҲẦϾϣûǻΪ˲ȥġ
ʱֻʣİһ
ϸϸ⼸֣İЦˡ
ǰûǻΪ˲ȥġ
ݵģİĽµҩƿһƿҩ
ûԥİվҩƿҪҩԼУȴһֻס
ī򴽣ղһֱţԴǸ欵֮ͱ⣬ڱĽǿ谭ţʹþҲ˵ݡ
ò׵Ǹ뿪īûŪԼΪʲôڿһֲƵʹ⣬ͱڵľĬŻˡ
ǶŶ룬ȻͿҪҩ۵У˼¡
ްİīһְۣҩƿķĩС
ǰĽԸΪҲǡ
İ֪ʹ¾綾ĿܣȻѡ
ΪƱҪģκˡ
Լ
īĵһֲԤУӦ֤Ĳ룬İյȻһģ³һںѪҪ¡
īһңæסİյµߣҪˡ
ȴһֻĴסīۺʹɤЩƣ

Ϊ˱ࡾ3

īңˣߵĺѪİϢʣźĽƵӣĵһ㱡
˫ӣһһˮ
ɫϣȴһǿҵЭС
ǱӦˡ
ʮˡīİɫԽԽ԰ףȴ֪İǿ˵ģⶾһҪһʱǽҩܽ⣬ֻģĵʹࡣ
ô˰һʹƺߴİյıİסؿڣʹʲôأ
ΪǸжսŵŮӣİվʹ㲻ʲô
ûеʱ򡭡ôʹİɡǡ׶֮ʹء
׶֮ʹ
ԭڵϣԼܴʹ
ʹʶģ䣬İպҲǸ֣ƣ룬ƺѾڽѪ⣬벻á
ȥĺһǿһһʽĻ

ȥһǵĺΪҸĺӣΪôһҡ
ůļҡ
ãİʹȥ
ǷУֻǸ֪ǸǰʤѩˣΪİŮ˶
ʹ֮ǰ˻ỳɣİգһ֮֮ϣΪһŮӶĺɽλ˳Ȩ
ǣʵڵģǸεĿУǸŮӵ

Ϊ˱ࡾ4

ڣΣǶŮӵţƺڶǰǱӦˡ
ĪᣬİҪỽֵʱ֣ѱ˴һξ롣
ˡӸղţĪİյһʼƽĵףǽһµҲʧˡ
Ҫˡ⣬ӳ˴Īյ粻
ΪʲôҪߣİקסίߺʹô죿һʹġ
ܿͻˣºҾͰһжĪɫ˿İյ۾ķɶ˻Ĵ㡣
ǵģٵˣΪԼ֮ǰͻ̲ס
ԣһж
ãҵ㡣Īı飬İ΢Ц崺㣬һУǾ뿪òã
һΣĪûеͷҲûҡͷ
ˣһʱһ㡣
İڴϣϵ΢Ц˰ˡ
Ȳһжˡ
ĪصţһϤӰ
վڹŴһϮºɫ£ߵеľܸһе
ȷ
վڹǰƺûпǰĶԿնƺѾĵȴȴľ
ʱӰĪпȻЩ¼ţ
Ī򴽣̤ǰһ硣
ǻ㱵ھ۽ĪʱѸһһ˿ϲǱУǺܿ㻻ŭ
ûеȵĪ߹ȥ󲽴󲽵ߵĪǰְĪһУ֮߾Ŀҡ

ޣܱ뿪

ΪʲôôòŻûĪʱһѪۣ·ͬȾԼţƲͲڸסȴĻľ
û¡Ī
ع򴽣һѺᱧߵ̫ԣæƣ˲ʱ硣
ȻĪĵһ裬뵽һ£̧ͷ°ͣвƵĲΪûĽڣ
ĪĻȻҲûкص⣬ֻĬ˰죬ñɤΪ֪һɡ
͸ŨŨɱͲ̵Īһ˺ʹ
Ȼ
磬Ϊ㣿
ĺȻİգĽףΪʲôҪߵһߡ
ޣ˵ĺޣֹȼš
ͺǡ
øˣ֪ԽԽգҪԽԽ޵ɱͲ뿪ĵز
ߵʱһֱڹţĳһܼͣǰ밲һδεĴϣ
ĺ£һȥͷ
ԸԸڹУֻҪһɱ
ҲùȥĻš

PSҪٽ֣Űģλʲô˵ģһһۡҪżĵٵοȦȦING
ڴһֵģŴ׼һִֵ飬żῴѡĽ󿴿ʲô¿ӡ
Ҫ뿴ŴԽġ뿴ĳοĺڵ¿ӵĶҪ֨һȻʧҪżż˯㡭ءצˡ

ǸŮӣš1

ˣˡĪ
ǰɱ֮ǰԼȴ
򴽣һֱ߽ʼգû˵һ仰
ȨʽһڵʱĪһδˡ
Ī뿴ǰĴΣһǵĻ㱡
ǣһңԶļ䡣
ǱǵĪĵĲ
֪ôˡ
Ůӣ統ЩһԸˣǷĪ롣
ǵǰȻξͻһĨһԵ
㡣ᣬƺѾݵеۡ
ɡк˴£Ī뵹裬ȴڰͣס漴Цһûʲôò裬Ҳա
£Ҵ˲Ҷ΢Ц˿һ㡣
Ī㶣ŴϤķŲҶˮݲ衣
ʱõ˷䣬Īװ̧ͷʵһζϤϤһʹ
Ҫ뿪ˡ΢Ц
ΪʲôĪ֮һ˿죬ǺܿƽϢ
ǸˣˡεЦ˼ͱˣȻô
ǰΣǸĸΪεˣȴѾڡ
ΣһжΡ
ԣˣҪ뿪
ѾСˣϤҲġε
ô֮󣬴ȥĪʡ

ǸŮӣš2

֮ȥұš΢Цһ£ĨЦ߷ֵֵֿͣ
Ī㶡
ȴĵؿЦһû˵
ǰŮ˶ô޴ĶԸΪһΪĶţʹˣҲ˿Թԡ
Ǹ˵ĴڣԼʹί¥Ҳ뿪
ǸʧˣԼҲҪȥ
˴аʹδ֮ء
ŮˣǾǿִأ
ߣֶаɡ
ЩСɣ뿪ʹЩǮҲùЩڻͳһΣΣֱΰսſ⡣
𣿡ȥ
ʲô˼Īüʡ
˵ΨһҪ顣ο۾ãǴżֿɬתͷȥɡǵɫɡڸסݣ֮صĲĲ԰ףʱ򣬾񡣡
ĪͷĻشһ䣺š
ء
ǸŮ뿪ˣ۵ɡưɫѩѣһ統ʱڴߣһ䡣
ǰֱڣ֪ǸŮӼʹðʧȥҲҪµԭ
ǸԭǸŮӵһݵһ
ǸɵϡЦһĪѱһ
𣿡ϣ̤ϣӵĪߡ
лл㡣Ī绳뵽봺εļ棬˰һ
˾ͺáöͷķǣصĳ磬ģ뿴ЦǣֻҪһӵĸˣ㹻ˡ

һжɶ1

ڣǶܺúܺãõƺ綼Уϵľϲϵӵϵ۳衣
ǣȴ·ǰĽС
ϣַڣʣЦϣϵ粻֪ЩʲôһһŪĪķӵס˸ĳᡣ
ĪɫĻһĨζЦɫż˸ײݡ
ǰᣬ˽ݻõᣬҲõķس
ȫܰٹĿİվڵ£ʱΧٹ΢Цʾ⣬ʱֱһ
ǰеĶܺǸӷֺ
Ȼ˽Īջ۹⣬רĵĿǰĴ۵ۡ
ϣȾơĪ뿴ǰƳɵľƺ΢ɱе¾ƣ˲䣬ǾƵ㴼磬翴Ǿư첻
һŵЦĪᷢЦ˶ٿɬʹ
ž㣬֪ǺþơƱڱᣬֵǰģʹǴҩҲպȲء
ٹԣЦΪǵżķȤеˡ
ǻ˵Ī벻ĵ͸һߵЦװѱеҺ御£˸ĵƹУ紿ԵĳֵͳԸС
£һµİ΢˿뷨
ɽˣӢƣ⽭ɽưˣҪ޼ʹϽɽҲ޷أô˵ʵ˵Цأ˿ſ˵ľƱһĴ󳼷׷Ц

һгɶ2

һ߳۵ԣʱƵĴһĨЦ
ϣݺǻΪϴ˷˵ʱ槼к˵ЦȻЦһ˦¾ƱƱӦ顣
ģйȻӿĴˣĪǽֹ֪Щǵһ·׷ɱĺˣ
ôҪ㾡ѨΪνҰĶ಻סĪг⡣
䣬Ļش𣿡δ䣬ǴµĴǱѾֽţһˣǾǴʼնûл˵İա
޵ķ£ݺ󹬣ΪɾȻϴΪʱȥһڳ֮͢侲ŵģϤҰģ
ľƱ˾綾ɣЦŻˡ
Īֻһ㶣ȴϲӵԼŴʱҵţЩζǻɰ
Ī彩Ӳŵ̧ͷһ磬ڿʲôֵĶ
ʱѰ಻סһѳгȺ˴ɱɱǸʵۣ
˵գ첽̤ϴۿżĳҪƤ⣬ǺȻһѽһס
ʲôǿ˼סѣ̧ͷһ̱ǰͬһŮŵ
ҹȺī
İաһ㶣ƺʲô˫ۺ޿һʤѩİգ벻ǧ㣬©İգ漴һЦ

һжɶ3

İաһ㶣ƺʲô˫ۺ޿һʤѩİգ벻ǧ㣬©İգ漴һЦʹΣǧʿѰΧʹٴҲȲʵۣİգˡ
˭ϵİտ죬ҡҡͷˡ
䣬һȺ˱ƽڣ棬ѹѹѰѺ˰ΧɲǣսŤת˫͸¶ĳޡ
Ұ̨ģܻٵʵ۵ģҲֻһˡİ̧ͷ㿴һںѪģ
أǺǣ޵һ˵ġƺоʲôһ㶣ǺܿͷѾԼǸذס
˫ȻûзſĪ룬ǽѾѪ⣬һŲ
кɫѪȾذס
ĪһֱͷȻ̧ͷųһĨȴּ²̵Цݣ˵˵ʲôҵģǵ𣿡
ţҼǵáЦܴµĻңҲȺѾƷƺеһж޹ء
ҪȡҪģĪ˵գذǰ˼֡
˵ˣʲô㡣Ц漴Īૣʵô鷳ֻҪ˵ұ㹰ϣҵ
Ǳƣж֪
ǣһʼȴ֪µĶ
ΪĶһʼֻһ֡
ˡ
֪ҵôãǵһ̣ɱҡ
ĻĪһ㶣漴ۣһѳеذףǺɫѪҺԼϣѪζ

һжɶ4

Ӣѹ˹ذ統ĽףĺͽˣҲһΪһŮ˶ٲĶ£ۿһУЦʾԼĳŪ
⻰ȴĪһİյ
Ľ׵Ķµģ˻źĪ۵ɱ⾡ԣŵذصĲš
ȴһ˫ס
찡ôʲô
ĪһսǰīҹͬʱĬ˿Į̄
һ˵ŮӣȴǱŭ״̬£Ҳ˱
ˮջˮ壬װģⶾµĲѴ֮ءЦ˼漴ϬݶķΪһҪأ統ҷļңͷ󣬾Ȼˡˣͬʱõ˻ʵۺİյıӻɱзһЩ򡣡
ȼŵŭ𲻾ţеҲϽ
ĳ˰ֽɱҲýͷ֮ޣ
˼ˣĪҲˣ׼ȷҺ壬ҲƵڽڰˡһ˿ɱ⣺벻Ѿͷ书ͦģҲջŮ
ȻӻͳһѷĩŶȴһɫӰƷɢһߴ˳ӰĪǰ᳤
ѾͷҲ̫ˡаȵĹһĨЦתͭɤĪüϲ
ǺǣҲգһúһɣĪЦ˦ʱҲ·ܵ棬һ裬˸󺮹⡣

һеĽ֡1

ҡīȻһǰվĪԣȻûʲô顣
ʱҹҲĬĬվֻȴѾסޣӢ档
򴽣˵ʼභһӿ𣬶ʱڣһѾɱս
İվһԣȴʼû˵ĵ
ϣк͸˿ڲкѪӿȴȻ
һж֪
Ҳ֤Ҳôôʹ
ĪսʱӰ紽߹һĨɬЦݡ
ɣʶŮôã׵ġ
İҲԼ֪ǸŮӲ
ôǿҵԤУ֪ǣȴǻᱻΪ֮۷
ˣˡ
Īһߣ˳ֽٶһٵĽеĽʤѶ
Ī벻ǰ̴֣š
³һѪЦſǰȴ̵ŮӣΪ𣿴ҲӮҡ
Ī۵ŨһᴩţѪȾǺɫĹٷ
һһʵۺһة˵ףһӮˡŲԶɫԽԽ԰׵İպ磬ʱϵĶΪӵĺܿ죬˵һж˽ʼҲǻˮұԵĻˮ
ĪһһѪ硣
Ī廹ڲš

һеĽ֡2

һֱֻס壬֣͸ǲƤƽĪĲ԰ס
ҪޡİжѪʵţŲײĴϢ
˵ҵġĪ벻һͷҧش
ǰ˵İյ۵ʲôƺǰˣƺǲᣬΣҪʳˡ
Īżתȥȴİһ԰΢Цţǰ
ԶһĨɫӰҲˡ
Ī㶵վԭأ岻ɶƵĺ䡣
ԸʵˣˣΪʲô˿죬ʹ
ǣҪǣӣĪ뱧İյ壬о΢ȥĵ׵ĻҸǿң󺰣ȾҪ
ƿһۣѾͷţȥͷһ
˵գʩչṦȥʱһң
īҹȷֱİպ߽ƫ϶ȼѪǲͬһ˵Ѫģһ˵Ѫġ
֪ж簲˴ڹһ֮˵ˣֻҪҪģȫ㡣īİɫգ֪ĽԸɷҴСһ𣬴ûм˭ǵһҲһˡ
ī˦䣬뿪ƫ
ǵãİǶҩ󣬵˵һ䣬Ȼһȴ
İ˵ѡڡ

һеĽ֡3

ǰʹʧҲûкڹ
㶫Ƿɶ˻ִţҲۻ
ܷ˵꣬ҲΪ档
ĪȭͷǸӣԵЩϣǵãôźͰԵ
˵ÿһ仰ǵãÿһӵǵãÿһᣬҲǵá
ԽǼǵãԽǺޣ˵ѪͲ̡
ǣ˲̵ȴķԼ
ԭ򣬲ǲףǲԸ
ܹܵģΪĪ룬Ǹһıų޵Ůӡ
עֻһһ
ѡ
ڵԩɱĽ׵ʱҲûпΪԼ⡣ʲô˵ǷԲԵĻأ
˸ˣһƵᣬɷǡ
ĿĪ˫ۣΪơ
أȴֻСѪҲơƺ˵Ī漴ó룬ûտ׼ȷʩ롣
أǲ԰ƺѾû˺ˣĪ۾ƺһ˿С
˿İգ̾һⶼעڴˡ
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һеĽ֡4

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İգؼңˣĪ룬Ϊİնڵİ
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̾Ϣһ΢ЦԣȴҾȣֻ㣬ſԾ
ң
ǣȻɷȴǼǺϵģʣԸ⣿
Īһ㶣漴ЦЦ޷ˣԸ⣬һһǷģôھ
΢΢һЦ漴в֪ʲôԡ֮֮
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Ϊ˵Ҫżִģ˵˻٣ȻξҪҪЩ׵ĸأ´ҲȺᣬӶͣΪҲû˰
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λθżǡǵƱƱ
˵ôϻһżΪż˵ϻһѻû˵֪֡λ뿴»طֽ
ȵȣǵƱƱͽӡ

֡1

仨׷ɣ߾أգ֮䣬ǳҶ޻ĹĻ
һУǸҰĵʧʧ
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ۣվ⹬ǰǸԼȴ־һŮӡ
Ҫ뿪ˣ𣿡ɫɲ԰ףǰĶˣķľǸֵˣⱅԣ¾Ҫˡ
Ҫģȴûɡ
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ĪûĻоЩ̹Ȼ
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˫ۣһ˺ʹЦȷõĳͷǣҪģұԸΪ֮ϡ

֡2

ڣ˫ɶˣſ˻еĪ룬Ŀ˫Ȼǰᶨ͸۾е˵ģһΪΪȴһЩ˱뱻ԹޣԹЩҵļڲףԭϱŵЩȫǲҵġڣܹסҵģ㣬ңĸԸš
ʹˣҲǻ뿪ġſ֣Īǣ̤ѩḧ̤ѩë
Ȼ˹һ档Īعͷ΢Ц
ҲЦˣЦȴ˼ֿɬ˫ָ󣬾õҪס£⽭ɽĽɽޣޡ
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ǸŮˣһʼġ
Ϊֱɱ˻ʺԱԼ֮·
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ΪһҲһŮӡ
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֡3

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˭Ҫ߳ŭ䣬ѾԼ˫ס֣ҲһסĪ֡
˭׼ģ̤ѩȥĪţȴֲ̫Ūһơ
̤ѩܲĪĺֻһʾá
ﲻطģ¿ǻ˾ţ֮ŵѣٲߣҪ˵˼ˣſҲȥİĪ뱧ڻһϤ÷㣬ŪŰ۶ᴵ
ˣĪôһ˵ĵһæޣ̤ѩյ
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İԣһЦ˵Ը⣬һȥ
İյϷʣĪɴ۾Сҿɲҵģҡ
û˵꣬ĪѾˣôͻӱأ
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֡4

ˣĪôһ˵ĵһæޣ̤ѩյ
УĪԼϣЩŤЩɬʣİգңة֮λʹˣҲԸ⣿
İԣһЦ˵Ը⣬һȥ
İյϷʣĪɴ۾Сҿɲҵģҡ
û˵꣬ĪѾˣôͻӱأ
ȻջǶϼ޻ĺةİĳγ²һ¡
Ī벻˵ˣתͷ̤ͣѩһĵҪȥȥҲŲϡأ
ˣء
İպЦĬĬӣĽĪ룬ѣˣĽΪ򲻸ң޼漦޹湷ȥΪҪš
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Σźñ˹
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Ϊ˴˿͸˱˴˵ļį
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ƪѻڡ1

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ֱۣ
Ī޻֦ǡ
һƬһ
˵ǵĴ죬ȫĵط
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һݾɫŮһ˫סֵЦһ˫ۣۿžܳɹᱡŮˣÿ˶鰡
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Сˣñүףү׼°뱲ʳǡۿһֻ־ҪȴһֻӲ
ĪҪ쭣ȴİնԼ죬һֻ׾޳Ĵ־׽סǸ֪ôɫͽ֣һɫͽʹſ
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ĪüһӵҲ÷Ϊ֪˵³Ҳòȥ
ⲻ˲ҪΪ
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ƪѻڡ2

Ȼ˵Ը̫ǣס˶֪ķǱ˻Ҫֲһٱ˼˲ˬͳִˣǵ΢ЦӿɱΣǸ˻Ϳ뿪ˡ
صڸһСܹҿٵ˽Ī뻳̧ͷһ븸ƵСӱƤ¶İһ
ôղȥѧ飿İտģ߰˷ƵĶӰԼӲţЩζȻ΢ЦţƼԼߵ
ѱ飬˵ûжԽСˣŻġС۵һ˿ӣȻһ͸ĸһʪǣԼĸ׵ɫƣŵ˶ģԲ
ӡİһԸɶк̳˽߰˳ԼĶѪͳ
裬ȥİպȻĪĻﱧһѽϷ۲Ϊ
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ߣɶĺӣҵġİյһѺᱧĪ룬̤ϡ
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İմܵƲ죺Ҳңأ
ȻаһЦİָ⿪Īǰİ᣺ֻ޵ζ⼸Сһɹڵģ㲻ţ⻹˵á
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