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һ˵ĳ



AǸĴУʱֵ°**·ô
Щɫ죬ƷƲһͣβһ·߳ţͣҫѳΪִ
ô߰·ҪˣһЩ˰ͷӲͣɧ
һŮվʮ·ڣϸƤϸһȻټžµƺʲôȱ㣡
ѧҵˣоΪһݹͶ˼ʮݼûϢҪѾסùˡ
Ҳ˷ӿɾǷ̫ߣòʵһҿԺͬ⣬ϰȴ˵һѾһеȥˣҪһ䡣
еģʲôˣԥûдӦȻﻹб˵ķӣ
ֻˣǸİӣҪ̸̸ⷿ˭˾ˣҪ粻ȫǻˣ
Ļʲô˼ЩˣǴ󲽳ԤԼĵصȥ
һҲݣ߽ȥС㡱һ֡Ѱȥһʮ߰Сӣĺܵٱ׼ĻЩĳǣһҲ벻
ͷĶ棬ҽӰĳϰ࣬СأҽīѧձҵԵЩ΢в֪˵˽Ǻķͣ
Ҳûͬ⣡С㣬һ˼ҵĺдƴףң
ңīЩκ˼ҶåƦ֮ģƽʱæڼңסоģ˵ҶˣֻҪס²ø⡣
Ⱥ£̫˼ˣԼڽͷǵͷӦˣǺãͰȥ
 
 
**************************************************** 
סһˣīرС˯Ǵ룬ס⼸ҲûзǸӰ׵ӣֻҹʱ 
ϵʲô࣬ôҹŻԼĴţȥľԼҲõĹӦ÷ŵԼ˵ 
ڶȻҵ˹һ̳ƷʻȻԼѧʦרҵĿǰֻһһˡ 
һϰѾˡؼҴģƺΪǸӰ׻ǵ򿪵Ƶʱһ 
ɳһһľ˲Ӱף˭Щµʡ 
**************************************************** 
Ķģһϣһֱ顭 



һ˵ĳ



īҹؼҵʱֿһİӣľ߽һˡ
ôҼҵԿףţһԼļңôֱؿССϡ
åȥīſ񾭲ȴ˯ˡ
˵ôһϲ鼱֮Ӱ׵ֻù˼ҹػ
һǲģҲûеīİ˯һҹɣֻһ취ˣǾǱ
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Ժ󾯲ֵīûɣļңķӣ
Ƶʱ˷̫̫ˣԲҼԾ͵ϷˣھͰߣ
Ȼȥˣɲٽرҹʱ򣡡𱸵֪һȥͰǻ
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˵ݵԼĴ˯ˡ
ȡʺۡôǳԲ죡õȥץץˡ
һϣ𣬡ôˣ
ǣԭΣԼ£ΪӦæ˵ûʲôץӣ
кӣˣӰֻûصԼķ
 
 
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ﻹЩˣӰµģ 
˲ǼӰҪѧϰҹĵʱһҹ 
Ļ࣬ÿڼҺϰһæҲӻһЩֵĻ 
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Ҳǹģīֻţ⣬ҹ𣿲ΪͿԵûзݹ˾ĹҪеΣ 
Ҫҡ·ʮǰǳָǰҪǵǮҪΣһЩ˶һСŮָָ衭ǱҡǡһŷŭŤڵȥˡ 
**************************************************** 
ϣ֧֣ 





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ԭͬСȻ鶼Ѿˣ뷨ӲȰɣ̫ˡһݵӡ
Щ˳򹤲ףڱôǮ̫ˣ
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С㣬ûб·ˡҪŮʿ˻Ͳóеˣ
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̣𣿡ī軭ķǳãҪΪɸĸԸ˵淢չɾأ
̫ʶܼ
Ҳһһţ㿴̫ˣǸʮŮ֣㲻ʶʧ
 
 
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ģΪʲôһôѿôͺÿŮ˷ŭˣ 
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ԸҪһģīúίҲҪǮģѾͷƭǮ 
Ƿҧһ 
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ƭӣһôϻҰ̣Ҳű꣬㡭Ҳʮ˰ɣŮ˵ĭҷɡ 
˭˵̫˼ֱһƬ˵裬ղһСõļɣϸ˿ŵװ棬òÿԭڼ϶ڵƬϡƬãҲá 
һ˵Ĳ廰Χ۵˷һЦ 





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˵Ĳ廰߷ˣŮҲšƷ˵һƯСӡ
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Զȥĳ⳵īҲ̲ס৵
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԰ɣԱһ취Ӱȶ
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˵ղŷλĻز¶
 
 
ô˲θڣҽзԱ 
óֻ˵绰Ȼҽϵ˯𣿡 
ˣ 
ңһʼ 
ʵҸͲ⣡ 
Ӱεҡҡͷʶˣ˵ǵѾ޷ֿˣ 
ɻؿϴ˰ɣ 
ߣǻȥ 
סķóһӡ塣 
ЩԼ˵Ļ 
ĬȻףԣɫѩ 
ǰĹ⾰㱾ǰ 




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ٴʾǻرܡ
ͬĺѩķյĸ
ѩͨʶһˣǸи֮ˣѩ
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ҺԺҲ㣬Ҳһֻ䣡۾ˡ
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ΪǸˣ 
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㲻̸ǹùþ׶˵ĻܿùŤڶ𡭡 
Ϊʲôһֱס 




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Щī㲻𣿡ӰЩۡ
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ŮСŵĽرŰű޵ʱ򣬾һž׹
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ССī׳ŵҲ˳ȥԼļѾ鲻衭
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ڶӰ׾Ļæûд·ˣǸŮī 




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Ӱ׷ⲻ۵һĻȻԼϣĴһƬհף
Ľô£ƺЩŭֵŮûмҷӤӤؿޡ
ƴ䣬Լīȶ䣬
ҾƵҲҸģ㡭Ůû˵ֿ
Ҳ֪˼ˣǻæȥǸ䣬īѾˡ
һЩ糿ī׼뿪ûļ˵ԼҪصùߣȻûмӰס
ùǱߵ绰Ľ˵Ҳ˳һ뿪ˣ
ӦӰӦ͵ģ֪ôͻȻˡһ뿪Ҳãߵѣ
ʱӰ׻صҿţ̴򳵵վ
ѾԶȥ
īԲҺȶˣͲܶһ𣿡ĵ绰
ùҪңӰλȥǵ£һġң
ҵһֱ㡭˵ʱ޾ı
ϣӰһֱĬԡ
㵽ҵİ칫ֳ˵
ԵˣǲںŮ̸
ǣ
ʣȴҲǹġ
㲻ҪҵŮһӦøΡȻֳһ֧̣Ӷ˵ˣϲ㡣ʵҲҳȫǣ
ֳδޣ
ǲ˦ŮֳվҸˣ˵˦Ŷ
糹׵رˡ
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BǵЩɷӽˣǿʼԼˣϲ˲ԼеŮʿ۾
ī̤Ϥ·Сš
һСŮͷҲ̧˵
ͮùأæʣҽԺ˵۾ġ
ùõ׵ʲô
֢ǳڣҽҲ׼
ļҽԺȥ
ãߣ
ŮһҴҽԺ
һᣬƿ裬㿴˭ˣ
Ů̽ͷīī
īùùݵֻʣ¹ͷɫ԰ײᣡ
ùһˡ㡭ôˡߡ
ͺã뵱ùǲͬһ˵ôԶĳдƴģīַҪԼģ

ùҪˣԲȻûаա
īīҲ֪ԼܴܲȥͻȻˣΪīָѾӰ׸Ľָ
 
 
˭ģ㲻ǴӦҲ̸𣿡ù÷ǳ 
㲡㣡 
ҪժˣժùþҵķӦīò˼飡 
ΪʲôͲ̸ 
죡ùüǲ壡 
ԼЩˣʱǲԴùõģ 
Ҫؼңù˴ 
裬ôˣͮʱͶ 
ôģһͼΪٵĻ𣿣 
ùãժīöָ 
ͮҲöָ費ǲĽָŮӺָ㣡 
裬һҪ߶ְͮͮۼǸʲô 
㲻Ҫʣ޹أ 
īīѽָң 
ùáָ̫Ҫˣôġ 
ùô 
ӰסԲ𡭡ᡭ 
һ˰Сʱֻùô 
ҲøˣҲ̸ΪȢ˼ˣǻ飡 
ʲôûԵҽԺ 



Լ


īùȢ˱ˣʧ˽żվȡ
̫ͻȻ˿ʱ㻹Сûа취㣬ǩĻԼùõ˹
ֽӹһʲôǰԼ˵ĺͬ飬һֱĹù𾴵ĹùıԼҪĹùþȻˡ
ܲˣīīҳȥҪ֪һУ
ҽԺĻ԰ϡ
īޱؿԶǶӰڵ
ΪôıܰǳƽϢˣù÷ϼš
ĸĸ뿪ҲѹǳҲ˴ȥʹ࣬һЩ˼ҵСʧҲӦȥһҲӴݻأĶڱըһֻҲڿ˵
īһû뵽ġ
ĸĸҪǼʮҪ͸Ϸ̫ͥСҲ㱳ôծ񣬺ڽ˵޸ǵĶӡ
Ҳͬ׮һỹǮģīط
ΪǶϷ˵ͱ䣬֪ϴѧѧѶǳ̼ҳģ軹ѧ￴㣡
īǾ¥ϵģѧǸ̼̫̫ȷȥء
˵ԼǸеģʱī˲ٺóԵĶ뵽
īīǹùúĶǷ˼ҵҪ㲻ܰˣ
ô˵ģϼ֪˼ҵĶԭܶºܹһӱĸĸܽ𣿣
***************************************************
 
 
ùˣī 
ʮǰֻˣǼһС 
ûжٸ˿Ҳûʲôˣеϰе⡭ 
ʱīĸĸʦнײ㣬¥ϳ̼ǿģĶӡ 
һ֮һǱ֮жŵСŵǾһꡣ 
Ǳ֮ҳ·棬ѵ𣿻ľŵĸ硣Ϊ֮СʱǱܵ꣬ŮҲ 
ĳڹùõĲԣſ˽һλžµŮˡ 
Ů˸̤žͲͣشḭ̣̄￩һ¡ 
ôˣϼīī˰ 
̰̣⺢ԽԽƯˣʱֳ̫̫һ˧СӣüĿī 




ʱ


̫̫˿˿ī¶΢ЦȻߵǰ
㿴ʲộЩ˿кܺõĻָã
⺢涮£龰ϼǳϲ裬
ʱͮŰˣЩ΢΢Цһ¡һʱЩˡ
һ˧硢ü۾ζСŮͮͮǳ̫̫
ããͷͮͮã
īȥתתҺҪ˵˵ϼ˵õģ̣
ʲôīȥѵǺСµףҲ̫ƽһ˺Ŷһô˵Ϲ
ͮԼĸ̫ƫˡûԼѡ˼ҡ
Ůģ˵˳ȥ
ѧҵˣǵġӦѡרҵΪʲôī棬ΪǼƵͲ͹ݵģ޹ðæ
ݷȥඡҵҲˡҵġǱ֮СŮ˵ڲƺϱܡ
һСкƴקķݺƵľǲ
汿ĵܱܵ߿Լ߿յķݱ߶˵ǰ֮ԺܵܰɣСŵҲЦ
кǡ
һţīżҲЦЦǻԮ֮֡
öһҲ٣ֻ֮Ǳ֮˵
뵽⣬ī϶һǱ֮֮
Ǳ֮СʱһӶ࿴СʱһϿɲ԰һæ
һ㶣ֵ˵ͷ֪ǳѸǼɵ˺ܴ󣬿ǡ
㣬ҹȥͮͻȻ˹סīĸ첲
 
 
ҡ 
ʲôңߣһһ߶ԲסˣԺԷ 
ߣ̸ͮЩ⣡ 
************************************************ 
һԺ󣬷ϼص 
ͮбҵϻ죬ƽʱ飬ĸ׳ʯӳԺͰ˸޳̣ڿҲ񡭡ھǶϲ 
ϼɷҲͮôһŮƽʱ۰ 
ȴ۾ 







ͮ޹īϽ˷䡣
ʲôˣ
ûлشԼô׾ݻΪһīȻ̼ҳѧѿƽʱǲԼĸ
ò̸һǮѿɵ˼ҸĸԼáⲻӵĺˡ
뵽ͮӲīôСƢ˵Լ׽㣬ܾǷ̫࡭
׼뿪һᡣ
㣬£ʲôЩ档
ûйܲܰҰڳ̼ҵľƵϰࣿ
⣿ҿ˽ðɣһǴӦӦþֲˡ
****************************************************
AǵӰǵȲīʱһϢױˣǸŮȻˡ
ֳһ·ǵĻѾԶˡ
еһжˣľỵ̈ζī˵ѵƺõġ
ԼŮҪôھƵꡣ
ŮĶԴǼԺͳױһˣٶҲҺӡ
ǻûн֮ǰҪ࣡û࣡Щ¡
ǲǴ֤ͥ׼ҪɢҺīǲҪǵģӰԽ˵Խʱ˶ˡ
ֻŮɫԽԽѿȻڵϻ鴤°ĭӰҲˣôˣ˵Ŵ120
ҽԺӰǻʱҴˣһǾֳһĽ࡭
˭أŮ̫ˡ
أŮǽʣǵһɣֳŮ֡
ǡӰԲ𣬺ҵĴֳͻȻھ
 
 
ҽˣôֳʣûʲôϢ 
Ӱ׸һһУ 
˾ֳĳ 
һͣ˳ˡ 
˫̥ŮľĽ࣬СǢϸ߶ʱһһĽʻΪ˱ð˳ȥԼײˡҵľû˵ȴԺǵҲΪ뿪ԽֱǹĽԸʿľͲ 
þҸСʱĶ̸һʼǸкľϲֱһ㿴ϳû˴򣬴ʱϲˣȥ֤ 
¶ǲ߻õģԼԷ㲻ͬ⣬ǽ͸Ƶľ˷䣡 
ƣҳʲôˣӰףȢľһϾֳλãҲҪת뿪 
Ѿˣһ֮𣿣ͣס˽Ų 
ϣ˴һЩᡭ 



֮


һůĶīתΪԼһ·ãһ˵Ǳ֮һ㶡
Ц˵ǵģҲûʲô䣡
̳ī˼޷ҡҡͷʽþ̫ˡǾˣ
һ£С⼸ȫˣ˵
ɣôԸ·أЩܡ
Ͼǳ̼ҵϱѵô𣿡ŶЦţ𣿾Ҳôֵأ
ЩεЦЦǱ֮Ҫ˵ðҸ
ǶīſȡôǣʣҲϲǵĿȣƷĲǿȰɣʲô
Ǳ֮СʱȻܾȴһûиĺӣضԸһֻèʲôпˣ֮ΪǳС˵Լѣ˵һֻ˵أ
Ǳ֮һƵģ
ϴ˵һûأͮͮҪǾƵϰࣿ԰СѾСˡɲĸĸ˵˵ȡ׮£ʲôɫЩѿҰ첻
ǷǵǮһỹǵģ
ⲻǮ⣿
һǷʲô
ɫˣȥɣ
Ҳ޵ģŭ˳ȥ
·ɣ
صңīһ˹ڷӦô˵ù˵̼ҵ˻ӰԸеôծ
ôϾǻծģرڳ̼ǰԼԼһծ
𣬷ϼķš
֮ô˻ô·īģ˿Ҹˣ
īī
 
 
ǣô֮ǲ˵𣿡 
⺢ӣ 
ùãҲк˰ɡ 
ҲҪȥˣ 
ãԺ󾭳 
֪ 
ôˣùý˷䡣 
㲻˵ٿ˵һ˶䣿īʵ 
ǵģǵ㶩׵ʱͿʼ˵ˡΪһӱȢ㣬ȻһֻȴӰͰ˰ɣ֮⺢Ĳ 
ҹīô˯ţӰ׵ĵ绰ͨû뵽һŮӵ 
˭διι 
ˡ 





ץס˵


ԸǽȻ෴ÿʵĽ߽㣬˲㣬ֻҪ϶¹һᱻжģ
ģҪϷǮ𣿡ľСͻӻƣѹþ˵ǸСп룡
㿴Ŀ¶˰ɣȻϲӰ׻ϷǮ
Ҳԣʱջ񣡡ľ˼
ҲҪͶĸԣֹһǻɽ
Ľ࣬һжģ
˭أǷأ
ֻҪҵõˣͲǷҵģ
㣬ģ֤ﵽĿģ
Ӱ˰صľͻõĲȻһ΢Ц
Ҫõ˵İ
㲻Ҫæˣȥɡһ˺ܼԼˣӰײͷ˵
ھͰҿһӶˣҲ㣡𣿡Щ㲻ǻ𣿡
ľһᵽûԹˡ
ЩԱӰ죡
Ӱһǰôܵûûа취뿪ҵɢˣ
ҲӰ׸һڿֻˣľʱǸŮѲ˴Բ˵ĸŮģ

ȴ绰īĽ»ԼĳŵӰôΥŵԡ
Ϊһҹ֪ԼҪȥ𡭡
֮ЧߣͮƵϰˣܾҲҪĹ
ԭΪ֮飬ԽӴû뵽֮ھƵϰܾ࣬ĵܵǱ֮
ܵܰûи糤˧ЩǸرƵģֻ۾һ¾ܴ͸࣬һҲ棡
ڸǰ˻Լǰ;
ͮǷǳлīģصһ٣
㣬ôƵϰࣿһʣīԼǸаˣӰѾڵ˻ȥ
ѧרҵ;Ƶ겻ԿڣʲôϾҵľƵ˻ʲôרҵ̫һˣ

Ӱֻⷭһīѽӵ绰Ǹûнīĵ绰ֲīĵ绰ѵľ
뵽ľĵ绰Լ
 
 
ãϾͳȥǳһԼ㣬ϣҲܰĵؽˣĽʵѴѧ̸ģʱҽѧԺ 
ǽǱ̸۵Ļ⣬ΪòƯϲԾвͬѧ׷󣬶ľٲҲ׷󣬿һκԼʱ֪ʲôԭľͻȻ 
ԺҲû̸ˣԺòž̸ý붴 
ĽҲѧҽģǸǳã׼ˡĽҪҵҸԼܰĵؽ 
ǵĻһаɣĽ˷ܵ˵ð 
СʱԺӰڹ԰ϡ 
ô죡ľߵǰˣ 
ƽʱ䣬Сĵʣ𣿡 
ī˵ʲô 
ҡʲôû˵ûкøж֪Ǽ¡ 
˵ѣ 
ѾĺӣֻȢңľԼаѱ֡ 
ððӰεҡҡͷתߡ 
ľҲо׵ʧȥ˵ġ 
ţͻȻһʯͷסˤڵϻֿʼ鴤 
С㡭С㡭һ˾ŵؽţӰͻȻͷ 




ѵĲ


ҽһҪסӣĽ༤˵Ѿˡ
лл㣬ҽŮļ򣬡û¾ͺˣ
һδε˺ˣĽָԶӰס
ҲھΣûˣҪĽӰף߰ŮԺٺûйϵˣ
⸸ŮѾ׵طˣӰ̧ųصĽŲԼǸ뿪ˡ
㣬Ůǽ˲
ľڴĿ˰죬أ
㶣Ȼ˵ˣ㺦ˣ㻹ң
ⲻԼСģΪʲôľˮ
׷ǳʹû뵽ӰСŮ벻ˡ

ͮϰˣīҲһֱûҵʵĹʱǮԼһѧУԼУԼϻôծ
һŵһŵڴϿһϤӰʱĻǳ
㣿īԷҲһ£
˵ѾˣһŵûʾĿ֣ߣԷȥǺúģ
һҲǶһŵʮû˰ɣ㿴һǰϳˣ
ǵģһжֻصԭ㡱һŵ˵˵ôˣһ;£һܰ㡣
ðɣСʱ֮ô渵
ҽ鼸ˣҲ˺ӿˡΪʲô
ҵĶӵ˰Ѫ
 
 
ѵΪź飬ʲôף 
ҶԲһŵˮīԼĶʱ飬Сʱǿȴˡ 
ҺܰҵɷǺӲģʲôҲһ㶡 
Ǻӵİְ˭Ҳ֪ 
˵īοţһҺȥ˾ưȻ˺һ˴ˡ 
һӡûˣʲôǲˣ 
һŵƽ飬ڴȥ˹ǼҾưϰ࣬ÿҶѼͬ˵ͷûҽԺѣ 
īҡҡͷ𣿡 
ȥҶӵͷм 
˵ֻ̨Ĵ˿һ 




һеı仯


СʱǸ˿ĺӣŮеӣǱ仯޳һŵп
ǵģ仯̫˴һīӰס
֮磡һŮһʻ̨㿴˧Ӳӹ׵Ļ
һŵ˵ֻˣιʲôϹȥ
īҶӲ뿪ðɣȥҽԺлл
ݣôΪʲôҽԺûµģ֮磡
̨ȵ龰īˣǮкܶమҲӵкܶŮˡȴЩŮеһǮ׼뿪
īͻȻ֮к֮˭Ů˵ʣһѣ
ѣ˵ҪȢҽѣ֮û뵽Сʱôĺӣ죡
ԲλҲʶ㣡īתŵػص
ǺãǸϴˣŮ¶Цݡ

ϻصңֻͮİѰɳϣߣͲǮ𣿡⺢ôƢ̼ܵҵľƵϰѾˣϼ˵Ů裬㲻֪һҪظʮβ⡣ҪͲˣī˵
˵ʲôǲ뿪ҾͲ뿪ͲҪԹʲô
㵱ȻñԹֱ˼ҵĶϱͮƳ졣
ʡʡģϼī˵˹ؼʱò
û˰ɣǼҶĴ˻Ƕ죡ûܶ׮𣿡
ˣϼŮһ
ī˿̾ͮĻҲ޵ùðŵĻǶԵĻǴģѾֲˣ
****************************************************
ı仯ôĿ죬ڶ̫̫¼˵ɷͻȻҽԺȻΣտҲûʲôϡ
һֱϣŴӳɼңī֮顣
̫̫˵ôô죿ԶԶԣģϼӦУǺãīûɣ
ҡͰİɣ
ǺãȻҽԺˣƸ񣡡˵ų̫̫ݳһǮм顣
ôأϼЩѣҪţ
 
 
裬õõĸҪͮһ˵Ů˵ĶԣҪˣ 
īֱҪȴһٻ岻ϣǸĵ֮Ųأ 
 
ĳīȥҽԺһŵĶӣʲôҽԺǵҲģˣѾһҽԺſڽһҰɣ 
ڲתţʱʱƿһȻѺõ΢Цһ¡ 
ôҲûһŵҪߵĴæĵ绰ˣôҶҲ֪ӵ֡ 
ƿһţº˿֮ιŮԷ 
Ҳһر֮ɫѾ޷ˣīæ˵ԲҴˣ 
һʲôδҲ̫˰ɣΪ𣿡 
īǳߵشš 
īһȡ֮׷˳ 
ߵĸ죬׷ĸ 
һץס㲻ҪеòáСʱ㲻ģ 
ΪʲôĪ˵ 




ԭ


֮˵īûʱǳ
ԣҲûҪè˹ؼңҲԼĶ͸ˣ˵Сʱ¡
Ǹ˶ˣ˰һȡǵĻؿ
УҰ첻
Ǻã֮û뵽ô˻ǸĿ񣡡
Ҷרһģᶨ˵һ仰
ߺߡīЦ˼ҵ۾Ϲˣ
ҵĲˣ˾֢˶೤ʱˣҾ
۾
ˣ治ù㣡ʱŷϴҽȻȥɣ
īҾ϶ҵˣԺһᰮһһ֮֡
Բ𣬳֮ǳ̼ǰҵĸѾˣرǰҾһǷծߣ
㲻ǷǼʲôҲǷ֮ģҵҵļˣ˵ӵǽ飬Щʱҿ޷㣬ְֲϣ⣡ҡˣҪȥˣ
ī˿̵˼ǻҵģ֮𣿴СǰһڼҵкҪΪӣܽ
ӰôǸˣ

С£ĲݵĲǱ֮Ƶ˵ô˽̫߳ˣͮЦ
ǰж㲻𣿡ⷴʵãͲûĥ
ŶѹΪǼǷǼҵģծģ
˭ǷǼծ
ī
Ǽˣ
趼㻹Ʊ磬ҪҲŲɵȢһŮˣ
ծ
ǵȻ
ıĸɶ񣡡
͸ɾҽãȻ
Ǳ֮Ц
ܽģ
˵ŵ绰ˣǱ֮Ͻȥӡ
 
 
ְȣظȴ¶һĪĿ⡣ 
ͮǸܻŮӣһЩϸ΢仯 
³ôˣæʡ 
ҿҪȥҽԺ 
ȨҽԺǿ 
裬ôǱ֮ĸ 
ҽ˵̫ãæأ 
̫̫۾ 
̶ƽʱķ˶ģһҽʡ 
ģ𣿡 
ҲûʲôϵԲ̫ԺʳҪע⣡ 
ҽͣһ£ҵΡ 
ʲô̫̫ʡ 
Ҳûʲôڿ 
 
סÿҪһ³źңͮһ߻ţټǱ֪֮ײֿı飬ʶʲôһ 




һ


裬һٹǱ֮ĸ˵ȥɣƵԺҪġİɣĸ׵ļȻ뿪ҽԺ
̾Ҫȥͮ߿ʣưɣǰҲѣ˵һҹֵĲܺ𣿡ҲǣֲǸҽߡط
һһҾưɣҳܲģǱ֮˵ţĸˣѾҵԺǰǱ֮ڷŭˣͮ
λʲôһŮԱʣʿɣŮԱվǱ֮ԣͮпŮԱǱ֮·ϺʲôưɵƹܰҲʲô
ô񣿡Ǳ֮ͮûʲôǾøղǸԱе֡ôûá
ǱߺȱģҸͮǾƵܾһʵȨûСôأĸѾǼҵĲҵרһҽ³ôΨһļ̳Ӧ㣡
Ǳ֮Գô᲻̳г̼ҵĲƲҵĸ׶ǷǳпܻѼ̳Ȩ
ı£鲻ԹɫôܷĽҲǵģͮ򱧲ƽ
ԣ˵ҵȥˣһСƾʲô̳вҵǿˣҾǼҵĲҵȡ
ǳ˾ưɣܾؼҡͮЩȶˡ
Ҳ֪⡭ҡҲ֪еĿ࡭֡
ʵְƫųĸ磬ԿСͻ飬㣡
ǵģǴӦý
˵Ǳָ֮ͮˣûһŮң˷ܣΪԼѾˡ
ģǱ֮Ժһĸ磡
ã̫ˡ§
ʮӹһұݡ
ֻͮҪܺ͸ϴϣˡ
Ǳ֮Ů˾·ഩͷ
̫Ѿڴͬʱ͸ϡ
ͮˣϣλĺӣԺͿ̫̫
Ļ
ˣǱ֮ͷ
ǵģ§סȴ͵
ҵȥҽԺ
 
 
һһĲֲֳܱ죬ʱˣ 
 
ͮٴǱ֮ҽԺʱϰµģԺҲ̫̫ϱ 
ĵǱ֮ԱߣɫЩģ 
裬ֺЩ𣿡ƿš 
кüһİŮˣ 
Ǳְ֮иѾΣˡ̫̫˷ܵضԶ˵ 
ããЩį 
ϹæİɣְҺ軹дͷİɣ 
İŮ˶Ǳ֮˵ 
ʲôˣͮûεҵǸŮֲÿԼǾԵռơ 
̫̫һܾþƵһйģͮԼº͹ 
㣡Ҳ㣡̫̫˵Ů˳ͮЦЦ 






һ¹³ѾԺˣּƵ꣡
һ칫
ȥ͸Ұְ֣Ǳ֮˵áġ
ԴǴ֮º࣬ûиʲôŵһԹԵȢ
Ųһ칫ȥһսǴӰóһȪˮƿӣǱ赹˽ȥ

ϳ̼ıȫ˶ڡ̶˵˻֮ī충飬Ȼ¸½飡֣Ҳ̫˰ɣûʲô죬Һ趼ҲûһʱһԵǱ֮ЩΣǽûкӡһĸǲ̼ܽҲǻԵɺϣ̫ˡܹ˭أǱ֮ͲԸŮҲһ£
û㣬Ǹεˣ̰һջͷģǰ˵Ļ
ȥҽԺһ鿴˭ԭ򣿡ĸһ˵һǱ֮ȷԡ
ҵĿ⼯еϣʵֵŮ˸Цһ£˵ԼҲ˵ͳˣЦ֮ɡ
ǳүͳ̫̫ȴһĲˣ
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ְֵľ֮˵īЦӲˣǸĸǷµծֻˣҲøĸڵ°ϢˣֻӰĹˣ
Ҽ޸㲻Ϊ㣬ΪǷģ֮˺ȴҲû˵ʲôǼҵľƵʮ㿪ʼ
ߺ󣬳¼æ磬Ҵʲôأϼ߶ţ֣Ҷ׼ˣ˵ͮ·˳ԼҲһ¶ȹӴ
ⶬŸչ㴩ⲻ䰡裬￪ſյأ˵ˣ촩ٴͷ
⺢ЩܹģôǮʯ˵㴩ģͮЩͷЩǮɶǱ֮ģҲӦõõģ
ֵæţīһߺһߣ
ƵһĴ
īһﻻ·ֻʱ𣬡ӰףͻȻ
Ѿĳˣ
˿˵Щʲô˶ˣĳĳƵʮʲôˣ˵˵绰
𣿡ͮȹ˽һޣ
ˣˣ
 
 
Уװûã» 
ʱ䵽֮ī֣ǳȥɣһֱǣš 
Ѿˡ 
˿ףãǳ֮īСĶϯ 
ͻȻһ˴˽³û뺯˵ 
Ӱףī̲ݺݵؿȻ˵Բҿˣתˡ 
Ĵ˿Ѿ˺ƬĴ˿ڲͣѪ 
̫̫ãϯͮҰ𻰣ãѾоǰŮвˣϹôû㣿Щ̣£ȥˣֱơЩϣ 
Ǳ֮ͮŪŷ飬Ұ趼òã 
ãôû뵽Ů˵ţҪ㿴 
һԿ 
㿴˵ŵһֽκߡǱ֮ѿ 








īϯϣͮǱ֮Ķ
۾ƺڳѪʲôʱ֪ģû೤ʱ䣡
㡭ʲô
Ӧø𣡡ͮЦţô𣡡
ҪȢңֱ׳
ƣЦǺãҾͰļˣ
ҪЩʱ䣡
úÿǰɣˡ
̫ͮˣòϹֹҵõηŽԼĸ׺û뵽ʶˣźݺݵƳıӰɲ˻¡Ҳ뺦ԼĸֻĲһЩȻͰѹ˾ֽˡ
еļƻ񶼲ԤУǱ֮ôһ⣿ˣŶ͸͸ϯʼ߰ɣ
īʧվţֻ֮ˣô˱ް岻ãϹȥ
ûнͶ
һ˲֮е˶ҴȥīͿһС
Ӱ״ӿͱһʱͳ׷ˣȢľһŮˣ

㿴ʲôδ򶼺ͱŮסһˣģҪŮˣ
ͮ˵ŵ绰Ǳ֮Ȣ̫ˣ̫ˣҪһ飡
𣿡ǵģôûдùÿϣ
ڼȽ϶̼࣬Ѿ׼һ·ǵӶǺ͸ĸסһġ
֮ӰϾ͵ˡ
ڹһó̼鷢ˣǱ֮ͰЭˡȻүЩˣǰҲûʲôԡǱ֮˵Ҫ͸һ飬Ҹ벻Ȣͮ
ϹʲôôԼ޵ļͥأʯԼŮҼ޸ĺһ˿һӣ죬ְ˵ûϼҲѵŮ
īܼ޽ȥΪʲôܣΪǱ֮ĸ粻һ
ԣȸⱲӾ϶ˣ
Ҳȥƻ˵ļͥīһ˵ٷϻͮ
 
 
Ȼ¶ļûڹȰˣ 
 
ͮʼﱸԼĻǮ˵ӾǺù 
ͬһ޸ֵϼӲ֪Ǹ˻ѹŮͮҪ뿪˶ȥһͥǶЩīɡ 
»һ죬¼Ƿǳ֣Ůͬʱ˴ߣ 
ƵϯǻصԼ· 
īѾҵĺϷˣ֣֮ȴ 
ݣȵΪʲôŮ˽飡ŭ㲻˵һֱ𣿡 
˹ȥæ뿪һ· 
ϹһͮǱ֮Ĳӣشš 
ͮȥһΪɳһŮˣᣬ㡭ôָ 
ʱûҵӣûˣҴӦֱҵԺͰȥˣ 
Ҳͬ⣡ͮұģʱ䳤ģҴӦ㣡ʼû˵ǻصԼķ䡣 
ʲôˣͮ»֮ҹҪɷǰסһ¡ 




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ĵһϣ֮˾ûлīһ˴һҹûˮΪ
ڶ磬ˡ
ȴĿһƣˣʡûлشĿ֪ôˡ
һˮݸ»;˵ӡ
īͻȻס֣ˮˡ
һôͻȻ
ˣˡҺһûˣ֮š
īԹҲˣ֮Сʱݲñ˵ʹ࣬ǸҪ취㰲οⲻ뿪磡Ҵ̼ԻĸЩѵҪȢͿ𣿡˵˵
ǣƭôȢأ֪һӵţ֮˵ſ˿īöԲ
ԭҺ˺飡֣ӾעģһȶҶЩծҴûйֹ㣡
֪ҲǸˣǰ»ӣҪŮһ
ɷͬʱѹȥ
ӣ֮Ů˵ƺõһְοıȴ
һҹĶÿ䶼ͮģҪøַŮˣ
ɳûһ㱯ϲı飬ĿյšͮûǴ򿪱䷢ֱʵһȫһЩĻױƷ
 
 
ٱҲûˣȫ˳ȻһЩʳƷ˽ȥ 
ǳȥ԰ɣǱ֪֮ˣͮ˹ȥϹðͬʱһڣʲôǱ֮㵹ˣߣ֡ 
һæµϻصǸỹڿﴵյв𣿡ͮعˣйؽײ䣡Ǳ֮˵һ仰ˣѵ㲻֪˷ѵ𣿡ڼĵѶҸģ˵Űִˡ 
ͮϱЩƷõش棬ֱ˳ 
һûзǰš 
ī׼һӣΪʱûϰֻڼ 
һ֮˶Ҹһ벻Ŀˣ 
īҽԺſڿģ㿴·Ҳƣ׼ơΪһŮģչ˱ȽϷ㡣ȴס졣һֵ֧ģ 
һʮŮӣҪչˣīֱԭɷѾħֵز 




һŮ˵Ľ


֮īϲ˵ıæ˵㿴Ϊͱˣǰסӵ֣ʵڲ֪ôֻǿشӦˡ
Ůϵ·ͷҵɢţûʲôĿ͵ؿһطīɳվźЩӣʲôҰһͨסϽڵϡ
֮޷ͨȥЩʵڼ棡
īŮЩ·ͳԵʳƷȻصС
ûеԼ¥¾ͼΧ˲ˣҲڣʲôˣ
æؼȥֻǷŮ˳̨ˮϽ֮ĵ绰
ʲôôһھ˵īûнͶڵ¶ǸŮ˵㿴Ҹʲôȥ¥߿ǵҲᣬżûзӦ
ڴżʱ֮ˣæ³龰ǳСĵض˵㣬ڱǺΣҵĻ»ص̨ϡŮһֻŲ̨һֻѾˣֻҪڶһ¾Σˡ
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ңҰؼҾûз㣬һһ֮ĵˮˣŮһ̨

ôиŮˣԺҪע⣡ھǵıīǳΡ
ôչģ֮ͻȻīҳȥˣ
֪Ҽ뻹ԹǼ̨ˤˣҾ֡Ҫ
֮˵ںչ˸ӸңīҲ
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ī״ϴ˯ˣ޵һʲôˣһİŮӶҪ
ӰǸԼˣԺҲҲĸˣ˵ôˡᡣ
īҸķ˹Ե㣡֮ڿﺰᣡ
֮˿æʵ㲻ûУ
ԲǲҸղŻˣҲģ֡
ҪͷҰɣ
ϴīֻԶ
ҾͽҽԺҵļ𣿡īʡ
ҵ˿ǲˣ
 
 
㾡ɹֿģ 
֪һң 
ʱīĵ绰ˣһŵʣĺôˣãǳĲáǱ߼пˡ 
ڵǼɡסַ 
Сʱ 
Сŵ֮Ҳһû뵽СʱһֱСŵѾǸˣǷǳ顣 
ǣһŵҲȣǽˣīͷ 
ҵĺѾȲҲ׽йֲĻҽʧȥˣһŵĵᡣ 
ҽ˵֮˵ 
֪һҵСʱ˵óһϴһЩѼͷҶӵҼһ£һ㶡 
Һӵףī֮ƺҲˡ 
һŵ˵ʱһ˫۾ŷЩŪʲôԭ 
˵Ǳ߲ȱ˾ʹҴ뿪ˡ 
յ¥û֪׹һͷϣȥ 



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һŵīص׼ϢڶȥӦƸѧУ
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㲻ȥ͹𣿡·˵ʱ̫æˣҪ㲻ҪȥѧУȥҴ͹ݰɣù·û֮ǰͶԼ˵ļҵ
ðɣһѧУģоЩϲ
ššֱӵĶҼҵ
ȥ֮š
һλʮͷض˵˵¥ģıɱҶѾ110ǲҪܣ˵Žݡ
ô˴ү֮һɻ
ôˣһŮ·ǴӴһ˼ҵĲܶģ
𣿡īҲô˳
ȥк
¥²֪һŵܵʱ;Ȼˡ
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ͬ־ҿɲԲȥǵҵҽԺīѻԴǾ͸ˣ
ûа취ֻһ
˭ҵģѶ
ң֮شʱīһ㶣Ѿ׵Ǹӣ֮Ҳ̫ά˰ɣ˵һӱǲҲḶʲôΣά
Щʧ⣬𣿡ī
ǣ
˵ң֮ܽŵػز
 
 
ҪˣǸŮûʲô󰭣һЩ񾯽ĿЩҽƷˣ 
ллаѻȥģ֮͡ 
лܺ˲Ը׷Σ񾯻ص 
 
ҽԺһŵͷϲŰײ 
Բ𣬶ǸӸɵģīæͣʲôӣ 
ǰֲҾһ˫۾ңû¹ؼҵĺӡ 
תҵҽԺõҩһҪסĲ飡֮˵ 
ллллһŵæϹ 
ÿİƴοǴСѣīһ˵ 
һڹһŵõ˼벻ǾȻһͷ֤ӹϵ 
ҵħһŵϲӣԼıһҪһծ 




һҹ


ͮһֱջŮ˰ôôƤﰵﶼ޶ԣԼɷ֮
ԺͮÿؼҶûʲô飬Ҳװʲôʲô֪˸һ漣
ʱԼһĴãھƵԱû뵽ϰĶȻȢӴҲ϶ԼһΨһɷ
ʹңҲûҪ뿪ͷֻŮĳˡǰǱ֮ģܿˡ

ͮصҰѰһӣȥϴˡ
һˣȥš
ôˣһ㶡
㣬ҵ˵һ˽ݡ
ļԴǴӲĸ˵Ǯ˼Ҳܳȥ˿͵ģ¼ﻹ֪ܵͻȻЩ
ϹϹҰ㡭ϴ䴫ܴĳ
㣬˭һķԲȥ
Ůˣұķأͮ˲
ҪģǱ֮Ҫ˻ŲߣҸС˹
㣬Ҫˣ
ֻõͷ
ֻܵһ絽ϴſڣᾪȵؿš
ҽ³ɵģһҪҸ˵Űϴϵ·ȫùˡ
ϼƾʲôѵң˵ͻȻòãԼ·ȫ棬ô**ȥܰɣ
ҹһҴ·
Ҫ·ȥԼ¥ȥ
 
 
СֹԼĵܵ 
㣬ΪҺʵűˣģ 
 
һҽ㣡 
붼룡 
Ǻã棡 
Сȥ˵ǴɻЩ䣬Ȼůʱ䳤˻Ǻġ 
ֿ쵽һҹˣͮѾܲˣҲûе绰ʲôҲûС 
ͻȻ˴ҺǶ¥ߣԼһ˿ôȥ 
Ѿ޷̫࣬óϴëԼҪĲλڸ׼ 



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СǷǳһϸС
ʱһСҪԵݵ׵ĹӦþְ
ũҹɲףⱣ滹ܹ˶ðǳоĴ鿴
ߵһ¥Ƴ˶¥ж
ڵС͵Ƿ߱ڻĸ߿ƼС
Ա߹۲˰ôòԽŻƵĵƹ⣬һŮġ
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СϽȥ
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ͮЦʵ
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Բ𣬶Բ𣡡æͣģ́ͷǰʱֱҪϢˡ
˾ƴѰҵˡ
 
 
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ǷӣҲʶ㣡 
ʶ㣬ҪΪиۣ 
Ǳֻ֮׼ؼҺúʰΪʲôû߳ҽԺ¡ 
ǵֲǾԺˣǰŮȴһ벻 
ħһˡ㣡㺦ңһҪһŵЩеʹ඼йˡ 
Ǳ֮ôˣ̫̫ϱþ 
֮Ҳˡ 
ܵǱ֮ǰǺݺݵһ⣡ 
磡ƾʲôң 
ʲô֮ˣ̫̫ӡ 
ԭһֱҵǸ㣡īҲˣ֪˭ǵСŵСĸ˾һСŵī˵ģǱ֮ǺͿ 
˶֪ôĲңһŵѾ̱ڵϣȾҵĺӣ 
⵽ô£̫̫̲סˡ 
裬һŵھưɺʱռ壬һŵĺӶڿҪˣһŵɷҲ뿪īš 
ʲôǱ֮Դ˵һ£ԭǰھưŮСʱСŵ 
ǸƵļʱǰҲ˶Ϊһĵʧ 





һȷ



Ǳ֮ϴѧʱϲһ߸ɼҵŮ߰
˼׷ôῴϲ۵˵ʱҲֻǿС͹ݡ̸ŵԣֻ۹ˡ
ȻȴһЩı䣬߸ŮһסܲӦôڲҺҡǿǸŮӶϲ
ʱ䳤оԼܹ¶׷ЩкҲûĶģǱ֪֮Լᵽˡ
ʼʱʱ
߸ŮԸһҪŮԼһӵӣǺһױˡ
һǱ֮ͼݿ绰ȴٵŮͷ
ôˣ
ڱݡһ㶣ôǸط
ѸٸϹȥڵذϣұƭҵǮȫƭˣ
㵽ⶼʲôǱ֮ʶһĳеķʲô
ʶһ˵ѧѧģʱѹܴһ⻺⣬Լİ赼˿һ֮Ҿκˣʱҵһпˡ
ѣǱ֮˳־͸һ⣬ǸȷĹϵ
һֱһӰֱҵصһͬѧ˵ʱдӰĸ߸ŮǱƭǮǸƭѾץˣ֮׵ġ
ʧȥĹûܱ˳۵ģǴӰϢʼˡ
 
 
һھưɹԼͬһŵǸ߸ŮӰˡ 
ҲǴʱǱ֮ĳ˴ӰҲκŮģ˵ľȢʲôûеİͬʱҲʼ 
Ů˾·û͵ĻʧȥӰĹ۵㣬ǳᰮκһŮˣ˭ 
û뵽ôҵоȻ˺ԼʱĺѣԴǳըǶˣô˱˴˳ʲô֪ˡ 
Ǳ֮㣡쵰һŵվݺݵشš 
һҪȻ̫̫ǳ˷ܣ 
Ǳ֮ͮҡҡλεغ 
㲻ǶĲ㣡 
ͮ˵⻰ʱͻȻһŮ˳ˣŭյ˹ȥ 





ӵ



ͮѾʧȥ˿ƾһӣ㻹ŮˣͷǰţҲã
ҪǽܣҪͨһǰ㣡˵ͮ׼Ͼ֡
ס֣Ǳ֮ϽסǲŽ೤ʱ䣬ǰ޻ðӣ˵жҲ֪ݺݵؿ
ûУ˸ϽȰ
Ǳ֮֮һزһĺӲ԰׵ǡ
ԼĶӡЩ
һҪһŵ˽֪תʱˣ
Ǳ֮һ£֮ٵ˵һŵͷڱʾһֲɹģ

Ϊ̫֮࣬һֱæŮӻûнȥƣīǲԸؼң˯ʱʲôµ鷢ԾҽԺһŵһŵؼҸü·
һŵļŷһ
˭ʣͷԺƱġ
˹Ҳ̫˺Ӷˣ׷ظѣ
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ڹؼʱθһŵ
к˳ҶһһŵһҲ뿪ӣǱָ֮Ҳܺá
һԺԺˣʱ֪ͮİǽ˵С̡
صңͮɳϣԴӳԺ͵һ̨һ졣
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㣿
дд
̫ˣ
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дŭš

īҲ˺ü㶼ûлȥˣͱˣһŵ˵һҪ㣡
˵ںӺʲôҶܳܵˣīСĵصݹź
 
 
û뵽һŵ˾ûʲô 
һŵӦǱ֮Σī˵ 
룡ī뿪 
֮һ˼ 
ǴԼŵʱһŵζӭ 
ȻǸŮ 
㿴ǵļңīĴ 
֮ȴڷĴѰ 
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˲źأ 
Ҫһ 
֮īЩ۵ʵڲ 
ʰ˺ܳʱƣˣûš 
̱ɳ 
ȥúõػţһˮ 
ӱӵͻȻ 
ΪʲôֵķӦī֮һйȥĳֲΪ֪ľ 




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֮ϢɣңʱΪһŵۻˣֻ˯ᣡ
ī·Ҳ׼úϢϢ¶Լɫ׺ڿ㡣
ôɫ֮ܽŵʡ
Ҳģÿ𣿡ˡ˵
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ЩӺ䣬īԸȫˡ
֮ΪʲôɫУ
ҪңҪң
§оůЩ
ڶˣ뿪ķ
īǿ쵽ҽԺȥ㻻һŵؼҺúϢ
õģֻôͷ
ҽԺһŵſڶӵĲ˯ˡ
ӺܺٹͿԳԺˡ֮鿴һ˵
ˣһŵ
ȥ㣬Ҳۻˣ
ʱ䲻ī
Ҹ**˵ɷӻ֪߳ܣȺӳԺϣ뿪У
ͮīϽȥ
ʲôӦûȥúǱ֮˵
һɵ𣿡ͮ˿ī㣬ĺûˣˣ
㣿ᵽùīĲ֪˵ʲô
ͮҽԺڲҪҵ˵֮˵
ɷҲæˣЦ˵׵ܵܶҪŮ˹ˣ㻹ˣ
ҳȥȥ֮ǳͮҲסȻתߵ뿪ˡ

СԺĵڶ취ԺͿͥˣīһֱһŵ
Ǹȥԭϯϣûյһֶڲָһŵƭ
˵Щ˸˶ӣҪһŵĸѺ;ʧ
ǰľһŵûҵķ磬ֻ˵ûƭԼҲ֪Ӳġ
սҪһЩǮīĿ˷޼飬ˣɢջҪݺݵ˺һ
߳ԺǿǸһŮһ𲢼ߡ
һŵǿЩīܲˡ
 
 
ҵĶʲôҶˣû뵽һһŵҲ˲٣Ҳһֺܺõ˰ɡ 
 
ɣʱĺѣƽһ 
Ժʲô뺢ӾҵһУһҪú˳гϢ 
һŵ֪Ǵαը̼֮һʲô𣿡īһֱû֮ķ 
ǼҷԺǶ¥˶ˣҸͲ֪̼ҷʲôôˣһŵʡ 
Ҿ֮Щ 
⣬Դҽ 
ԣпһŵī 
 
İ֮ҽԺ 
ʦǽ̸ȻҩƷ 
û뵽Ʒ淢֮ĵܣҽī˹ȥ 
ҿԸ̣ΪһŮһƵĽǶȥ£ 
˵ɣīĶᵽɤˡ 



ʱӰ



ҽĻīЩȴƽ˵ҽ˵һᾡƵģ
ɷʮʱܱؤҲٵʱһοһŮֻɫºڿŮĺ÷ЩѾ޷Ĩ
ֲɫͽţī
ֻҪ㰴ҵķӦû῵ģ
ллҽ
֮ҽһ̸ȻһЩơ
ȥīʲôûʣֻ˵ڼϢ첻Ҫϰˡ
ֲʲôûµģ
˵īĵ绰һŵġ
ʲôôīǳ
ʲô£֮
СӲˣ
һȥ
ʮСһǰ
̤
ЦһЦ㿴㳤Ǳ֮Сʱ
Ҳʶ㣬󻵵ң
̫̫㲻һŵһԱӶ˰סˣҵ˭ߣ
裬Ǹʲôī˵
ӻһŵںӣ֮Ҳһ˵
ҶôһûУҾͲں̫̫˵
 
 
裬Ǳ֮ҪͮҲˡ 
Ҫ̫̫Ǽ֣ 
裬ôúһù֢ĺӣʲôʱ򷸲˾ûˣͮĻһŵߵؽеƾʲôͲԼҲòõ³𣿡̫̫һҲһȻ֮𣿡 
Ҳ֪һҪѺӻ˼ң 
ĸ׿Ŷϱûٹִؼֻ˵īͮǸţһ֮ӷһٻصߣ 
ǴӦ㣡īæ˵ͷİɣһӣͮҲ˵ 
 
ȥͮЩⶼôԼĶһ㶯ûУͥûкôĵλҲܵв˵ʱǱ֮սϵǳá 
׼ЩؼɷؼһԷǷ˶˴Ǳ֮ĵ绰˵͸ھưɾͲؼҳˡ 
֮ȥֵطôˣͮŪס 
ȥǱ֮ȥǼҾưɣ¿ɺֵڴ 




֮ı仯



ͮϵưɣ֮Ǳ֣֮
Щ˲ŸǱ֮һȥʲôЩκ˵
ؼңô𣿡
Сʱ
ڼֵôҪˣͮ߰·ʣ˵ֵôйҵΣ֪ˣͮŵ˵
ȷе˵ڻɣ
һҧ֪ô¾ˣ
ҵȻϣ˵ȥ
ϹţҺ㲻Ҫң
ĻûסǲҪӡ
Ǳ֮Ѿ
㣿

īѧУҸˣ͵ʱ֮˵ô죡
ҴȥѧУУʦԼƸʽǲ͹ݵ룡
лл㣡īһֱ֧ҵӰףϣ컭չϣΪĻҡ
ǽ֮ѾһѧУҲһΰɣȻǾ˼ǸˣԼɷֻԼѧ
һƧĵطһ¥һܴĳء
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Щֵ֪﷢˳˳ɵ߽һҡ
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УãʦЩ˿֮æȵܹˣҲУУīܸҡ
ԲԸÿҪЩˣֲѼ˴ؼԭ⣬ÿǣīƳ˴ߵķӡ
ôˣ֮ûзӦллĺ⣬Уҵ𣡡Ȼתߡ
 
 
īī׷ 
ඡһЩɵЦţŮʦεҡҡͷ 
֪ûи˵Щ˲ȫҲǸĸģ㿴һʮĺΪСհջϣԺӦᣬ˼һѧأ 
֪ΰʼװЩǲƽȵˣ㲻ͰƵǵߣǸƽڸû׼ȥǣ 
īЦ˵ҲֹκҲһЩԼĿռ𣿡 
ͷҷ֣ɣ 
Ժ֮æˣīҲСѧӦƸ˽ʦ 
ϿξЩģ͵һ 
ѵԼ֪ǻˡ 
°֮ҽԺȷһ¡ 
ΪЩǴĶ٣ҽԺһŮŵȹеţīԾϵ÷ 



Ļ



ī÷Ůǳ𾪣Ůһ˸벻֮š
ī첻Ͽ𣿡
ˣһ䣬𣿡
мæɣֻе㲻īȷɷѰǸŮ
û¸ղź󿴼һϤˣ㲻ȥһ顣
ҽô֮æʵĽҽϲ㣬ӻˣ
ģЩԾ
㻹ſѧţţȥסī֣̫ˣ
īīѧУĹǴ˰ɣص֮īɳϡ
һƵĻѵģ˵˼һϰֲô󣡡
һҪע⣡
˵ͷͬʱ־֮ȥˡ
˳ãڶģڼϢԼȥͿˣ
ðɣɳ
֮˵ؿȥˣ˰￪˷ܵģʮ꿪ʼְˡ
ŽֵŻƵ·ƿһҾưſмΧһŮȻ˼ңǸŮǽҽԺżŮ
ʱǳһϮ꣬īһ϶˸Ůˡ
ͣ˳󲽹ȥһЩӳû˶Щëͷӡ
С㣬û°ɣ
ûʲôȻĮˡѾϲʶˣʵǸ÷Ҳ޷ȷϵġ

һ̼ҵ˶Ϊ֮ĸ׵գûһȱϯġ
ֻͮѳԣŵע⡣
ôࣿŻע⵽ˣǵ裬رᣡ
㲻ỳ˰ɣ̷˾ȵʣô֪
裬īҲѾˡ֮һ˵
 
 
ģ 
һԵͮŷǳǱ֮Ҳһ㶡 
չĺãϱϾͿԱඣ 
ȫҶڣҪ˵һ飡̼ҵ˵ˡ 
ҵһֱãѾƵ꽻ֵ 
֣ѾС͹˾Ƶ껹Ǹܵܰɡ֮˵ 
Ƶǳ̼Ҵ󲿷ֲҵֲԸҾͰһֹɷݸ㡣 
Ҳ̫ƫ˼ҶҪӲǱ֮ͮﶼ 
ǶٷǷ޳ԵЩ 
ȥǱ֮ʣĻˣҲûȷͮ˵ְǲ׼ѾƵȫ磬Ҳ̫ƫ˰ɡǱ֮ĬĬسû˵ 
ͮȴ˼ȻһǱ֮õƵȫ취 
ϰͻҲ⣬ǰͮпһŮ˳̻ϵĳʱúŪҪ֪ 





ഺ



֮ԴӰѧУ͸æˣÿһʱ䶼ҪѧУȥ
ĳգΪЩϵ٣ɻشָ
Щ˻İ
У㲻Ǹ˻ǸŶյѧߣŮʦ˵
ʦ佱ʵСʱҲܱģ
ģһСǸĺӣ
ʣһλǳУſһ
Ҿǣ֮˶Էһ㶣ŮҲһ㶡
Ǹ÷Ů
ǰ˵ݺϤŮƴԼļ䡣
ԭǡԼٵʱһ촩źɫ׺ڿԺ׼ϴ裬ͻȻһꡣŵľ֪Լǰŷˡ
Լ¶壬Ҫʲô
վţҡҶԲ𣡡
㻹Ůش󺰡
ҿˡһḺġȻˡ
ΪĸȢһҲûлνĸ֪ʲô
֮ƬھΣʵΪԼ±çΣһŮܵʲôûʱԼҲŲʮꡣ
һŮȴֲ֪ζΪʱѺīףչ˺īһӡ
һֱô
ҵܵܣŮƽ˵
ãһǣ͡ߣѺӴ˹
Ů۰ܵܣСĸԴĸ״ӳ˻ؼҺ͵ܵܵΡ
ΪܵûջӣھηһҪõġ
㡭㡭Скֵ˹
 
 
Ŀ𣿡 
ã 
ˣȻת֮УҵܵܵѧѺѡ 
ˣջȥɣҲԸա 
ҿ֧ЩòҪŮĻ͸ľͺʱ˵ĻҲһ 
ŮӲǮˡ 
УŰɣ㿴ѧУѵľһǮ㻹Ҫʦ˵ҿǮˣ 
͵ĸ׵һŹȰʱû׼ǮҲӲǮµģ֮˼ĸŮƢ 
Ů뿪ѧУԺǱߵһСٵ¥ 
һʮɳϿűֽ 
ȼ𣿡ŮҸ˵ 
ǰҼɴˣ˵˰Ůң¥һڿš 





һ



ͮһʱ䷢µŮ͹вϵҺʹ֮ҲЩ
ã̫ҽȫ˥ܣЦš
ôˣǱ֮ʵ
һдջģţڳ̼ҵȨָˣ
˭ûеòĶϹİɣ
ţ̫ҪӰɣ˵ڴϾʹݣ
Ůʱʱȥ֮ܵͣʱǻһᣬ𽥵̸б˴˶ͻ˲٣ഺٷҲĮˡ
ڵƺͽĵܵܣҲϣָܻܵÿУ԰Ļ԰̸ʱ򶼻ᱻͷӡ

裬裡ֻͮһڼҡ
̫̫ŶϱЩԾ㲻˵Լ⼸¹ȥôûд󰡣
ϴΪУ̫̫˵ԺŪ˵ЩĮ
ˣҽķ裡
裬мҪ㣡Щ¡
ʲô˵
ڰֵģ
ϣ˵ǲǳʲôˣץס
ǣˣ
ѻ˵涼Ƿ곡Ϸ
ҿǶ飡
ô˵ѵ𣿡̫̫ܼ
裬֪ţ㿴ɣ˵һƬ
ǳ̻ϺŮܽӴǣֻӵ
 
 
裬㱣أͮЦˡ 
ƵǱ֮׵İ칫 
֣֪Ѳ͹ݶͿˣҿҪ˶೤ʱҪˣ˵ȼҲӦþСô԰ǳ̼ҵĲҵȥһŮϵЩ˵ŵݹһƬ 
̻ɫѿôԼһ̫֮ˡ 
ī㿴Ӷ˻ϰҪע⣡ͮ˵С𣿡ҲϿΣҾûӦ֪˵ŴӰȡһƬ˹ȥ 
÷Ůīҡһ£𼤶мĵ뿪ЩҪˡ 
һжԤ֮ 
̻ƭӣ̫̫ĵɷ鷿òóȻȥҪ侲侲Ȼ俴ϵĵԣ̳ϿƪǾǷййɡ 
˵һŮ˵ɷͬ飬ץֳɵġ 
 
װ㲻̨ܻϣʹһһֱдȥһĶҲ֡ΪûзллĶ㶯 




һ2



һֱΪɷͬѴµĲҵɷ˿Դġ
Ժ󰡣ڼҵŴӣƵҲһƴˣ֡
ǰģܲܣһʱ䣬֧Ƕʮ㡣
һھƵſڣһϹĳ
ֻһҿ̻ͣϽȥˡ
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㣬ȥץţҸʱܽȥ˺Ƥ᳹ʧȥɷ򣬲ټ֤Ѷ˽ºɷ̸̸֧вͬ
ƷˣǳˣͻȻһǳŮɷĳ
һһڣʹġ
㣬Һͬ㲻мɷ򲻳ģڰ˳ɣ۾͸ǵʲôطҲȥɷʲô֣ǺúԽԽˡ
ԼֻǸٲɷ
һʱûҪɷ̸̸ˣɷԼĵصʱϸ¼
ڸˣǴ򿪵ԴʹˣǸ̳Ȼɷ¶滹ɷŮô£
ȻһѻѧĿȥдռǣĳҸٵһҾƵ꣬ڸڷһŮ̴
ƻݽµȦˣǸԼϸ¼Ȼ֪ɷ֡
ĳͮ˾Щصķǽһʡ
ôˡûС
ǲǲˡȥһ̳һɣ
 
 
ͮϽ򿪵 
̫вˣѹ˽鶼§ˣΰ󣡣ǷǳģΪ͹һ˼ҳһݵС 
һṤƵܶ˶֪ˣǸͷӻ֪ɣҪȥͮİ칫ȥûˣ 
̻֪ˣĳСЩ 
ŮĿ͵ڵذϣѵˤˣҲ׵ˡ 
Ǹ߿İˣСΪܵܵĸ׾ųҲΪĸһȥ˼ϵ÷һŮŮǳ̻ϣһʹһ 
λǿǳʲô 
ĳ̻޷˵飬Ů棬ԴǴοȥһСåȳͿʼŮҲصᡭ 
֪֪Ĺȥ֪һŮϲġ 
ŵʱɵˡ 



һ3



̻ϿڵذϣڲͣѪ
ɱϽŮ¥±ȥ
ʱƾŮú̸̸ȴһĻϹĿĴڣΪɷ򳹵ˡ
ɱҾͲܰ˾ѳ˺ӱߡ
ҽԺ̻ϴ˵绰ĸס
ŮŹˣ˭ΪʲôҪɱȻ˼Ҳ֪ʵ
㻹ǣȥúýŮ**˼ҵϹͮһ߹ˡ
˵ʲôŮɫ࣬Ѿͷ£
̫࡭̻ϲ֪ν֣ͣǮֵ𣿡ұ죡߾ߣҲŲطأ
ǿ̽ˣҽ˵
ڴĿֻһŮƺڽ
Ҵ㣬㲻˵ԼҵһݺõĹԭǺһ죬Ҵ㲻ҪŮˡûһ˿Ӧ
ԭǰɣһһһҡ
̻ϰڵϣ֣Ǹʲô֮˵ߣǳΪǱ֮һֱӡ
ʱ֮ĵ绰īģ˵Ҫ˺ˡ
ʲô֣ǵΪȥˣ
ƣ̻ϴʱ뵽ԼӣҪֹ
ȫҳ˺ӱʻȥ
īҲűȥţշѧž˵ûиӳˡ
˺ӱ߿һŵĴֻȴûпţļ١
㿴һλʮŮ𣿡ĴûС㡭û
㡭ҪʼһŮ˰Ǳߡʵһ֪ģлл㡱
ʱĳطΧ˲
š
һƸߵֻ˳źӱߵĹ˶ϣһ˺ӡ
㿴ŮǲǷӡֻзӲŻôš
ֻһӰ׼ƾһͨġ
ЩѰôֶԼˡЩ£̾
 
 
Ǹ˸Ͳͣǲͣģס֣ī˹ȥ 
ٰʵĿ;ָԷȻҪķ룬ȻӦͼЩ 
ҵĶӡīоһʹ̱ڵϡ 
ī֮˸ϵ 
ҽԺīڴҺúûʲô󰭡 
ҽҪһֱž֮ԣأ 
û£ţ 
ˣɱˣʿһУ֮Ͻȥˡ 
ī˴ȥ 
ߵһΧ˲ˣĲ˳ˣ 
ô£ô˵ģһţҹ 
ī˳ֻһͷźƴһŮ 
ԭ㣡һ˽ȥˣ׼ӾǼȥ 




Ů



ԭй̻϶Զ֮˵ͬʱ￪ʼԹֻϲôȻԼĶ˽顣
֮˲ʹƴȣٵʱʵǸŵŮͲԿ϶˵
ˡ漣
ī治ԶɷİǸŮоĵʲôζ۵ĸ
īҽ
һ
Сĵһж˲٣ŵҲָ
ҵ̫ɰˣǼ֮ȻŶӵ˵ԺǸŮԶЩúߣ
жӦõ׵ˡ̻Ҳ˵
ס
иһ̥ӣͮǱ֮̽ĶҲӦˣ˵һӳģ˵ͮȴζ

¹ȥīźӳԺ˼ңڼɷչмѣǶŮҲϸĺǻ
īɷȻǸŮΪʲôҪԼ飬ú̸̸
֮ǵĻˣ˵ûУҶ㻹ǺǰһԼᶨػش𣬡ôʲôλãЦЦʱǼ£ֻ˵ѾϾ֢ˡһжָҾͷˡ
ڰͬǵġ
û뵽ֳһɷΪȱŮƺˡ
īΪ˺̼ǳ谮̻Ϻ⿪īӵ
ĸӱչ˵ģ
֮ӵѧУһԲʱ󺰴У
ĬĬŴ١
˵ĿǸϵĵܻܵĸ̽ȴĸˡֻԼ֮һӶչ
ϡ㲻Ҫ뿪ҡҲƻļͥġͻȻغ
ףͬʱ֮ʹԼĸס
 
 
߱߱ҡ 
ģһӶ뿪㡭 
Զĳ̻һŮ 
㶼˺ʲô֮е 
ϡŮϳԶǸˡ 
תˣΪ׵ؿʼĲרһ 
ϡߡšˤˡ 
һҪעԼ壬Ŷĺӡ֮ 
ӣкӣæš 
㻳˳̻ϵĺӡε˵ 
**************************************************** 
ллĶƽֻдƽĹ¡ˮ塭һᷢ㿴һһӰ 
ѰҵǸ𣿣 




ŮͻȻʧ



ϵĺӣ۾ƺϣ
ӲҪ˰ɣ֮ʵڲʺҪһӡ
㲻׼ɱҵĺӣֵŶӣãҴӦ˻ȥӻ
ʦҪȥչһ£õĳУĵ߰ɣԺ֮Ŷӡ
㻹ʲôҹָ̻ӣԽԼԼĶӱŭ
Ҹ͹ջˣԺԼǮȥЩˣھʹҵǰʧ
֣ôԳûв͹ݵЩô֮
Ȼб°˼ҼҪԼеҪָҵĲ͹ˣ̻˵
īѾָ˺ܶҲʼϰˣĶԻ¥ˡ
£֮˵ǳȥ˵
СҲӣƱӳˣ裬úչںæ
æӶ˲ˣ̻˸
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ī֪ѧУֽŵգĲֻҪ赼һõĻͿԿֻ׼ӵԭķ֮˵ûһ飬īѾƷ
̫֮ˣÿһ鶼ҵĸܣĲȢĿģھȻȥ㻳еˣҪ飡飡
īļҷӦֲ֮
Ҳͬ飡ĬĬ֣þ˦
ԼҪһ£ĺӲҵģ֮׵ġҰְ
ʲôѵǹģǵģӲҪīֵҲںӣûһӶòˣǰѺ
ǰɷī޷ȥݣΪһģĴȥ˺ˣ
īڸĸѾ֧ˣҺ˵ǰסɣҲܡ֮۾ǺģоĵĿհס
ѧУҲŲȥˣ¥
˭ӣ֪ˣˮӣ֪СûзңʱңʱȢһһӲ벻
 
 
֪ī뷨Ժ޳ɣСֿܷܲϻӵ֮ǲֻöϱȥǺ̫С 
īҪסһӵȺӻ·ˣͻȥ뺢ʱ͹˵ðɣҲúӺԼֿ 
֮ѧУŵգڰ칫̡ӻؼԺȻ˺ܶ࣬ҹ칫ҵűƿ 
УҾഴѧУȥᶨ˵ôˡʵԴסǸԺ֮ͰѧУѧһˣī̽غۣҪչ˶һԿࡣ 
УǲҪˣʦҲ˵УҪཻЩǮ㣡һ߸к˵ 
ˣллǣؼܿԼĸ顣 
ȥŪǮ˵ŷŭˡ 
ŪǮҪʲôѵ׼ҸҪǮиײԭ˵ĸҲŹģѾˣ 
֮ӦʱѾˡ 
ڵĺˣԼĸأɴ˲ȥҡ 
ȥƵ߽֮꣡·һֵСӣʱ弸ûʲôˡǰ治ԶǾƵʱѾǰҹˣһŮӵĺ 
ʵһսǴȻһŮӱأǵضԽٷ˵һƤŮǮǴͽֿһŮתĿ꣬Ȼһ˴ͽ 





סԺԺ



ҹѾӽ賿ˣһҹŵ綯ģпһܴڻƶ
ʲôôôȥ˵ʲôϣ涯ｵУҾǵһֵϱٵ˹ȥ
ȡҡҲһ΢
ǡӻһ²ûӳˤ򡭡110óֻ
һﾯƵоȻ
峿ƵԱ︽һǳʲôˣǲˣпܣ
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ƴϹĵ绰ӣҲ֪ô˳̻϶Լ䵭һס˾Ƶ
˵ҽԺ˲ô̰ӽ˱ķҽԺȥ
֮ôңīѾſǿ޵һ̤Ϳ
ӣӣ⵽ôˣҲ˽ǱҲǺúõ𣿡
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ŶͬʱһĴźܸ߹Ůˣ㿴ȵǲ֮ȵ˲ѵɱˡ
лл㣬ңһᱨģŮӾһƲ˵˵лʲôã߰ɣ裬ô˵أ֮Թһû˵أʲôԼȥ裬˵ɡīҲȰ㲻ܺԼɷ㿴춼Щʲô
֮뵽ûеһͬʱ˿ϳʹı飬֮īƸϽ˵ˣҽҽ
ǲ˵໰ĸ̼ܵôģҽ𱸵֪ˣīϽǸػš
´Ļ죬֮ﻹ֤鲢ҽԪ
һָʲôϧ˺ԼȥõǱ֮ѱֽˤϣǸȥˣͮ˵
֪𣿡֪ˣһֱڰ칫أ
 
 
ߣһȥ 
̻֪ӱҲЩû𣬡Ҳͣػص֣ңǱ֮ 
СӺСϱûӶ¶ƵæҲΪƵ˲ٹ׻ǰĹ۵ˣӦöǶЩ 
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ʱ䲻ʻҽԺͣ 
磬ôԼҽԺͮ³˵ã˵ĲᰡǱ֮Ļó̻ϸǲ 
ΧһЩ˶̽;ģΪ֮ѧУҲˣɱǻۣر֪ѧУѲ˶Ը 
̻ϱһסˣȻ֮һŮӴ֮ĲǰĿɿڴ 





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ҪҶ׷ǻ𣿣֮һקס˺
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裬ǸŮѾۿģ
УһҿŮΪֵĲƲģ
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СֶҪҲˣ 
֮뾡ͳˣֻ߻ͷ·úõš 
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Ҳ̫ûԼϹˣҪҰһɶʲôʲôϹһ˵˭ȥ 
īû˵֮Ϊ̫ˣӲ˼ĸܡ 
ŶԼˡ 
ǷӦýҿܡ 
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û뵽УôõһҲɫ˲ڻģ 
ʦǱ 
ʳУ𣿡һ߹Ů˳֣ 








Ůӱеˣнӹɷһֲҵ
ɷΪ˰һıϧʶˣʦ˻鲢ӵд󲿷ֹɷݣЩɷݶ˳ƱС
ǸͲˣӴѧʱĳ˺ֱɷƭ
ΣյĹͷľȻǸİˣһҪúлл
УңŮ˵
㣿ȵŮӣҽдӰ
İ칫
ѧУܴǺܿտӰ⻹ʽ⡣
УһͨҽôΰҸж֪ѧУô˶Ԯ֣֮ҸԹۡ˵ŴӰó˺һǮʮ顣
յľͽҲ࣬ȻóôǮһʲôŮˡ
ԣҲǮܾ㲻ҪǿЩʲôǮ
ˣ
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һҪǸŮʮǮҲҪû
ͨһСҵŮ
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Ҳʶ㣡
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ԼҲܿԼһĽã
 
 
ҲĻ 
㲻Լĸֵ𣿡 
Լ£ 
ʵҲݽȥҰװʮ򣡡 
ʲôҲйϵ 
ʲôϵǿҵķϰѧУ 
˵ǳУ 
԰Ǿ̸ 
һˣõˡ 
ΪʲôȢ㣿 
ӡ 
㺢ô죿 
ҶĺӣͲģҰǸǧټƵҪ˺ңǳУΪ˱ҺͺӲôģ 
ʲô¾ȻˣӰо˼顣 
ͬʱһ亹ͻȻЩٷ˿Լġ 
Ҫıڣػ 








īѾһˣΪеԾ
׼ᵽѧУ֮סôԸصסʵīоĵﻹûȫ¹ֻԼºӾǻ᲻ݸ顣
ī׼úչ֮ʱͻȻ˵ȥҽԺĹҪȥڡ
ô뷨īо˼顣
ҽԺõĹʺ٣ȥÿ¿һ飡
ʲôһҲһ㶡
һǸΣյĹ
ҲǣԺҿܲסڼˡ
ÿһ¶Ǿòź˵Ͳһ𣿡
Բīұ
ôôɣҲǷɷʱʱԼ鷳ԼΣյĵط
УһҪСģԼķˡ
ҪСЩȻתӣһػصͰˣ
߰ɣԶҪ
Բ𡭡תȥ
ʵ֮ҲǴӰģݲŮӵԾʹӦˡ

Ӱ**ţһı沼õĺܺ
֮Ѿ֪ΪʲôôǮͬʱҲΪͬ顣
Ϊʲô뿪Уʡ
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һǵĿ
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ҪͻȻץס־ץס˾ݡ
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ûʲôˣҺ𣿡Щ
£Ҳߣ
Һܺ£˵Ļ
ûнӵΪȢīһӶ
ȥЩӰоķתƿ
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궫˳һȥԷ
С㣬˰ɿ𣿡ӰƳһº滹һβš
֮ΪСʱ̫бҵ󣬳̺ϰ͵һʱ䣬ҲԼҪǴͽǿԴܵġ
ų
ܲ˦ǣ£
 
 
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ҴȥһȫĵطԷ 
εĳбԵһҾƵǳҷֺãʵûǰǱ֮ǰ˵ 
磬ҪԼȥط֤ȫ 
ԽͻȻ 
Сʱ 
Դ 
Ƶǵĺܱ㾭Ӱʡ 
һǵһΣ 
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ӰôУкö໰Ҫ˵
ԲҺæһֱûľǳѧʱĳѾˡ
Ӱغš
Ǳ֮㲻ؼô˺죡˿һ㲻Ҳһ𣿡
ҡ֮ʲôӰ׷ȥ
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㣬Ҳ԰ĺӴؼҿչ˵
㶼ôչ˺ӡ
ҰѺָԺͿչˣ
īؿһط
Уµļ࣡
ҲⶼҵģīӰ޸ôӰһΪŮ˶ĸܡ
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ҵĶӿʼˡͻȻ˷Ӧ
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ȥѳߣ֮˵
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ųóֻ׼ӶֹһӰĳӶ
 
 
ҽԺīǻ 
˭ǲ˵ļҽʣǡæش 
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Ĳַʽӡ 
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ǵģұΪˣҿҾͲ֣ҪҵŮˣ 




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Ǳ֮Ӱͷ㵱ͲӦü޸Ǹˣ
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ڵǱ֮֮ÿ£ȫһˡ 
 
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֣Ҳźܶǰ͸ҵŮˣ 
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ңԣְ˵ú淢չīǴѧмҳúѧģǶӶԺӵĻҳĺر 
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ľһ׽ƽţӦиӡоʲôĬĬص̡ 
ֳͻȥˣߵʱλ˵һҪչ˺ľûа취ֻôӦ 
һһСĳ⣬ǧټƵذŮ͵ѧУҲܲˡ 




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㿴֪Ұ죬ǶûԼĺӣͮڼϹ
Ů˸ұ죡Ǳ֮ߵ˵ңͮɷԴӱ˿˺һˣƢòˡǰܹι
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ܺãﻰ˵Щҵһĸɿݡ
ӰŮˣӵ굽ĸɾûӵй塣
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ȥҪƲסԼˡ 
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Ӱףˣ˰Ȼ󵽳ӺóƿȪˮšӣԼͷš 
ضڵϣīҺʹ࣬ұΪⱲӼ˿ҵĻᣬͬһСҵֻܿԶԶؿţһжҵġ 
ԲӰûнİǷְɣЩһ¶ȻǺܵͱôٽһˮ 
·ϣҸĿ㰤ǻȥɣ 
īҺҺüį 
ϳϰɣһѻͷ 
ĹȥǴ֪Ĺȥ 



Ĺȥ


Ӱ׵ЩĻţ˵ԼСʱûиĸֻһܵܣΪ
µܵȴԼ飬˴ѧһֱǵܵǮѧѡʱܸܵ˵ҪˣΪǳڹѧָܻܵһЩǮǵܵ˵ԼСҪ֤ȥǼǰ֤
ͬ˻ٻؼҰŰϲ£ǻصѧУһµܾܵͳ뿪ˣӿ޺˵ǿ˾͸ҵǼǵʱǺǼǵġ
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˵ﶼᣬǵİûʧ
ǧ֮¸ҵһ᲻вͬĽ֡
ͻȻӰ׹֡
򳵻ؼҰɣĮǳӦĬĬ˳һڽͷ
ڳȥԼʲôԸ
 
 
ֻĵ뿪 
ֱʧҹľͷʻȥ 
ţһֱڿ 
ôŻҶü绰˵λûͬҲûС˵м죿 
ľɷʱǳ·ôʪˡ 
СˮϵģҪ˯ˣ 
ϻвݣ㵽׸ʲôˣԴŮеѵˡ 
ܸʲô 
һõľֳôС죡 
Ӱûȷƣ 
ӰľԼɷҵгԼһĵλǵŮǳɰ 
ղŵ绰˵ʲôӰͻȻŮ 
ԣȥɡľͻȻҲ¡ 
ӰŮ˯˿ͷϾȻмͷ 




ʶ


ȻСǳּͷҲûʲôֵģƽʱҲ˼Һͷϵİ׷пȱĳӪľǸҽôСֵ
ӰһŮȥϴˣˮԴ˵ġ
·ľɷЩ֣ʲôطҲ˵塣ԣıЩܵĳִ̼ҵʲô˰ɣ⵽ٷˣǱŮˣ
ԣŵл˭أ
ǰŮѣľͻȻ
ԴӺ˻Ⱳסɷ򣬾ñߣԼӽ
ȥ˯ĵطµ·ûŮ˵Ķڿֻ
Ӱ׾ڴͣˣҲķô˼ˣȴ޷ԽվֿĦ޷ܰŮСĸĸ뿪Ů·麢Ҳܸľ
æ˰ľҲûҳֻ֤ùԹԵɵϡ
Ӱףʲô§ú£סθ
ŮȥԣתȷøúúŮˡ
ģӰ״СīһҲһط
ĹսǴһܸ٣һСкڸߵϣڲ̡Ȼᵯ̶ܴīЦЦ˹ȥ
ҵһº𣿡к˿ЩԸعˣīڸߵϺصһ׸׶԰ͿʼѧԲŻô׾١
 
 
ãã̫ˣһ˹ССС;ôвŻ̳ɺúѧѧ⻰Скİְ֡ 
īԶɣӰװŮıŮǵģĺҲǱһ԰ɣӰ׾õжʶǺ¡ 
ҽг֮һѧУһᣬҽӰڻعõλţҺ㣿Ӱ˵ԣҲӡô벻أ֮ͷ 
ְ֣ϱӺİɣ̳ɹزһ䣬Ϲ˵Ӱġô˵ֵԵԣֵ仰˵ȥˣʱ䵽ѧУȥȥҪ׼ôˣӰĪְֵѧǷӣСһֲһ졣 
㿴Сö㲻ٽȻ͵ҰѧУЩѧУҪѧֵ͸ΰˣ 
ʶȴоԷ֮ŶӻؼīҲ֪ʲôԭû˯ãڿ϶û 
û뵽ƿŷɳϣǲˣɳ㵽ԼȥҪְ˵ŶСк͵͵ؿ˿֮ 
׷ʲôˣ֮ûмô 




һƵռ


鷿ȥīһʲôãֹ֮š
ϣ֪ǳѸǼҴȥٴˣԼҲҲҪĿҵĸ鲻ҪʩᣬҾһֽף
Ī˵Щʲô
Īô˼ڿ͸ˣҲһˣôҲҽ飡˵һƵռ˹ȥ
֮ɵˣⱾռǴСʱͿʼ¼Լûаشû뵽īˡ
¼ʱŮˣ˵ͬ˵ڹȥȢܶŵĻȢȻǺõ
īΪӰһҹߣٺκνھ뿪ѧУһ͵鷿׼дְ˿Ǳռǡ
ֶľǴС˵
¶Ļɣ֮ƭӽʱڿ˵ϲңҪǷôǮҲŲİû뵽ֻһ
ǵģҴҪнʮһʹһȢؼҺúõĴ㣬ѵ㻹֪𣿡
֪㣿ԸһǮҲϡ׮
īͻȻվҪ飡Ȼ˦Ŷ
С̳ɿڳܴŷְͷ˻ȥҼȻȢû뵽飡
ϣѺ͵ǶѧУ
ܷЩȡ֣ʲôȢѾǷûԲ¶һӺúùû뵽̡
У˹ҲôϼŮ̻ϣֿɰҺԼ
ʵǲҵģǣѸ뿪ЩҲͨ˼Ȼ˸ʲôˣżϰְ֡
ǵưȥ֮ôֵҲʼЩ˼鲻Լ鲻ˬҲȥڵڡ
ðͣ
ƹľưɣŮһؽ̸š
һλҪЩˮ
̨һĵŮ˸е趯ţĸߡ
һƶɽĺӽҺ͵ܵܶϴѧΪûǮԶѧڼңϣк˰Բ˴ѧΣ
ͻȻһףƺûл
 
 
Ұ㣡̨һ 
ллŮϹ 
У̨֮Ů˵ܵܵѧȫˣǵǱ̸ 
ŮԵЦЦҽ 
ɣ 
ⱲĸҾ㣡˵źˬغһ 
ҲҲ˰ģҲڱ˺ˣ֮Ҳһ£ҶԹöǵһɹģ 
ˣһ˵ 
һƿ 
ҶˡУˡ֮ߡ 
㣬ҵĶͣһѽӹ֮ 
㣿˵ʲôֻѾ˳⳵ѾͷһҲɽ߳ĺӣǸīͨĵ绰Уˡɡһ⣡㵽˵ʲôˣԼšܾĻ£ҵǣīòʲôʵҲһ֤ݣ 





Ī


īʱѾһұſˡ
ô£ǻǽȥɡĬĬţīѪҺҪˣôǵһЩſʵǰ
һãһŴˡ
ŶûأŮһƽ
㲻˵ͻؼôˣ˵˵ǵԼôͣ
֮һȥīҡţ⼸ºáֻ˿īͷͻȻ˴ڸңң
ҿҲôһһŮĿ˷īò
һĶȴŮӣ
㣿ﺬˮû뵽ȻִЩЩŮûԹԣ֪ЩŮеķ
֮Ȼĵ뿪
īǸҺһŵһ
Ĳȥˣһŵվһ澵ǰȥѧУҲ˼٣⼸ҷӡҲֻǲ¾
һŵİҪ𣿡ҪƽȺҸҪʵİתЦЦôծˣ
ǵģҲΪҵѾͰ϶Ҫѳ֮Ŀȥ
ӣֻصԭ㣡ûľʣã˵ȥˣ
ĳڳԷīֹһʦˣҲû˽ˡ
ʦˣӰһѵΪԼðǡ
ڵʦ¶࣬û¾һԺҲ𣡡ľһ߲īīʦ㶼Ҫʱϰְ֪֣
 
 
⺢ֶֹ£˶˵ȡŵ㣡ľҫӰ׵ĽᾧǶôʡ 
԰ְѧӰ׶Ů˵ 
ѧУſڲѧӰ⿴һʶˡ 
ֵôɣ㣬ɶԲˣ֮ææ뿪 
īûϰȥùüҽҲûС 
֮Լˣ˵ԴӽѾͬˣѾϰߺһˡ 
ٵʣû뵽ĸ״绰ȥ 
Ҫһ£Щ࣬ʲô£һأ 
Ҫī飡֮һѵ֪⼸췢ˣ裬֮ԼͱˣʲôŲܾȥˡ 
ţ֮˼Ѿīʲôϵأ 





粨


ź⹫మʮ꣬һŮ˴һеҸīš**ҵĸĸŮʹУĸһʹɷҲûлͷ
裬±еǣǿ֮ЦţסڣߵʱһӣұšʼûдΪһһۣû뵽һţ֮˵ʲôˣĸ׵ɫû¡
ǡ
ʲôʼǷǵģҪҪȢҲҵĶϱҪҪǱǮ
֮뿪鲻һأ֮ҵīڴͨĵ绰
Ҳ֪¡֮һŵļī档
ðͬǱǮһỹģû뵽Ǽ㲻Ҫ嶯ҲǺҲͬ飡֮ͣͬң
ô˵ɢͿɢ𣿡߰ɣ뾲һī̱ɳϣ֮ε뿪
һСĳһһŮš
ŮӴ¶˯бڴϣһͺЩɵ§Ůӡ
⣬㰮𣿡ػش𣬡ǺãҲϲԺֻ׼һ˲׼飿ңôŮ
ҡӦ㣡Ȼҵš
ͮǱ֮ôûкԼҽԺûʲô⣬ǿܾɷˣȻйһҽ˵׼ʲô²뾡иӣⲻԼСͺ˼Һˡ
ǳˬкһƺܿģûѹǰԼŮһе
һȥԣ§СɵˣīһŵͮϽɿ֡
ô⣿ʵҵļҾסһŵ˵ҵˣ
϶ѣһŵͮıӰīû˼ĥЩ
 
 
ȻҲעһڵȴǣ 
Ӱ׼ûҵīȴŮһҹ֮ͷȫˣľļʼġ 
̴ȥҽԺ 
ŮصȫƤ׻һ缲ҽ֣ص˵ͷܱˣӰĵʣǵġҽƤҲ仯ԣԺ㵽ǸҽԺκãܣľԼҲҽŮһֱܵõĲ 
īīǻؼҰɣӰ׽Ů߳ҽԺ 
һԺīѾصѧУ 
Ǻȸ𻹴һñӣһöкһīñӣҪסԼͷɲǼҵСѶһ¡ 
̫ţ֪˭һֻīܳҡ 
ʦˡһСŮϽ棬ôˣ 




ɰĺ


īУ԰׷ܵϣīīӰʧС
īͻȻƺԼЩϵһӰȱѵģԾֲЩ
һûҵʱīѾȷˣǼһҪҵӡ
绰𣬡ʦҵ𣿡ʦ绰ûУһҡѾ֪ͨĸҵ̸ңһģ
ҹˣ԰ﾲĵġ
īīͻȻֹ԰һӣʦ
ӣʦ˱һ𣬡ǶЦңҵͷȫˣ
ôīīСʱԼҽ˵ҵõβõģˣû뵽ССĺӾȻ⵽ĥ
õģǻؼҺ𣿡Ҳ룬ְڱҼǿʦѧ§뷨ǻȥ𣿡Ů˵ͷ
ī˵绰һκӰľˡ
⺢ôܣҪǱץȥô죿ľŮǰѵ⡣Ӱ׿˿īһ£лл㣡Ӧõģ
ҾͷˣʵڶԲ𣡡ʦǵǸ
ŮڱȽǶգӰ׶԰ʦ˵Ӧ˵Ҳ׼
ǻȥɣīߵǰͻȻתͷְ֣Խʦһ𣿡ͬʱһ㶣
ԣʦὲ¶ĻϸŮаʦϽ
ʦͬ𣿡Ӱ׷Ů˵˵ľֻҪŮõԣʦӰɣ
ҡðɡ
īںӵķｲ£ľӰڿ
ҿŮҪתѧһյѧУͲˡľ۵㣬ŮǣʱȥǼҵš
 
 
ī˯ˣҸˣӰ׿˿ʱ䣬賿ɣ 
ʦΪİȫ㻹߰ɣľЩԼɷҹһƯŮ˵һ 
ⲻðɣҲã߰ɣӰ׻صԼķ䣬ĺܾᡣ 
ͺŮ˯һ𣡡ľذīƽ䡣 
īīӰ׸ԺϾͿīŻɴͱˡ 
ŮúõϹʲôľһӰһ̡֧Լ淿īڴ绰ֻһѺӻң 
īī˻ǲѶӸģҪȹĸһأ 
Ҳͬ⣡ĬĬھȥ㣡Ҳҵģ 
Ӱ׸оҪ𣿲Ϊʲôϲġ 
īҸұҲҪҵ㣡֮¾ģð㣡 
ī˵绰ͻȻһ 







ī绰ͿһվǰҡӰ˵𣿡ûСīԵĺ򾲡
ϹľͻȻ⣡Ӱ֪Ķ͸Ͻ㵽䣬ôͣˡľĴ򲻿ƣﰡĻŰϾסһŮˣ䡱ŶҲ׼ȥ
һӱľ赹ˣĹ֣ʹˣ
ҪץͷӴŮ֮ǰײţī§źӣ£ûץͷ˳ִ򿪿طַˣľϲ
ﴫˮľʹ¶ЦݣΪɷ䡣
ʱӰҲЦһ£ǸղŵĿͣ粻ֻ֪ʲô¶ˡ
ô£ϽŮ䣬ľ׵Цȴûұֳ
īҵôˣľͻȻûʲôǸղһеˣҼЩ²ˡʦҪ߰ҪӰ𣿡ããīҲǿͷˣԼ򳵡
ҪߡӰ׺ܲԸǵģҪСġ
Ϲҩˮľܵӣ֪ˡεؿ뿪
֮Ѿǰī˵īīʱֿһʱ˵ĸ׿𣿡ôֿ
ȥ˵ڸ飡ע⡣
ûа취ҳСʱҰҪȢͬ㣬Դ˳̳ҷѾ벻ģҶ㲻ͬǸİӦҲҪ𣿡
⡭˵ôķѾĨˣж鲻̼ܳҸͥҲѺиġ
ðɣ˵ͷǻؼҡ
Ƕ˼ķΪ˵һȥְ
īīֻеһСĥܻȥģ§ļ
Ҫңеһ£ԶҵģҪ೤ʱһжصȥܰԵرƽ
˾ô򵥣ŭͲðһĶԹں˵ͷϣ̻˵ӣôû˵£̻ϻҪҲûҶ˵
 
 
ʮأ裬ôǮҪĸԼǰŲīء 
ãáƿǱɫıӿ 
裬ҪѣͮΪԼвôеģſߺ󲻶ԣ·ˡ 
²鿴ֲ輸ϵ̱֪ԭˣ⼸ĿҲû׷ѡ 
īСڸĸǶ赽żһǶ裬ں̼ 
ͮԸˣ裬ȵ衱ʼֺţ 
֮ѶӴ˼ңΪĩҪīʱסһŵǣ 
쵽ŵʱȴһŮſڡ 
磬 




Ů


֮һһҵܳʱ˽ĩݷ㣡
ǣݰɣ֮ţĺôɰŮ̳ɵ˵ذִ˹ȥôиԵС˧磡Ц
ѧУ̸֮磬ллǮûûҵδҪ˵ôءģ㴴ҵһһҪúñ㣡
ְ֣ˡ̳ɿʼ֮˼ѶӱڻСһʵֻܾ˵ðְԼŮߵ
ڰְֵĻƤĿڴ̱֤˳һ⺢ӲҪҶ֮ʵĶ¶˷ǳ˳ָƨһ¡
Ӵһ²ˡ״Ͻ뿪
ڶ֮׼绰īȴˣ
裡裡̳ɻȥţû뵽ȴС죬ô㰡
˧ã̽óԵģ֮˲ٶ
ûؾôǮʡʡɣ֮ƶɽĺӻô󷽣ô˵ҵĶ˾ѪҲҪТ㣡ֲϲ˻ҪТ̫֮עرˣ˿Ļǵһ
ôʲҵ˼ûûңôԽԽף
ˣ·Ұϴ⣬ðɣô𣿡ûУ䣡֮һŮӵĴ鲻˺ɡ
һûд绰ī񻹸һӺóԵġ
Ϊ߽ѧУһƱ
һԱߵĺ̷±ӽ˳̳ģ֮ΪϾͶԶ˵Ȱɣ
ƱյĺȵһͿ̳Ҳſϣ
֮ѵʱѾϾŵˣԼѹ·˯ڴԱ߻һˣ˭أĵƿ**ӤӤˡ
ԲҺȶˡ֮æ·һô˰ģҲһḺġ
㸺𣿡ͻȻֹͣҡ֮ȴҲʵĴˡ
ֻһϽȥֳ̳ſ˯ŵˣӣ۵ذϴ
 
 
ҵĵһΡô֮ǰԺ󲻻ҪӦȢң⣿ 
·Ҹʱ俼ǣȻųȥˡ 
֮ɳϡ 
㣬īôĽʡϵС 
Ҳ֪ȥҺһȥһҪκúӡľĽ˵ΪܸõĽ顣 
˳Уſ˲˵Ŀ⣬˫̥ 
īľӳӭȥˣллʦǡīͳġ 
ûʲôҲ˳㿴ġȻīһ 
㣬ôʶĽܳԾı飬С̡īеô˴Сֵģ 
֪˭𣿡ʶôʶľôķӦ 
ǽĳˣʲôľԴ˵һ¡ 




̽


صңľɳϣĽȰ
𣿡ľ˵ʲô
Ҫ̽һ飡ľ˵ȥһ¿
ðɣúǴīȥ˿ϵ¼
ĽʱǧһҪģľصص˵ͷ
һĩӰ׻ûл°ĿϢĳĳӰԺλī
ľĵǱӰԺ
ǸλϺóʱҲûӰѵˣЩһʮī˵һ仰֪ʲôӰ𣿡
ûлش˼λǿյĸϽĹӣû㰡
ģһᣡվƺŵ˵ʵġӰײ˵ѾīûиˣԵûԭɡ
ѹ㣡˵žЩģʲôŷû⡣
ӰѾһŮǻ档
𼤶ã˻Ƥҳȥľ趯첲Ӳ˳ȥ
ʱοģΪӰʼû
׼ؼҵʱͻȻһϤӰӰס
ΪʲôȥǻͷأĽ벻ףã߰
ȴ׷˳вʶ𣿡Ĳʶ𣿡
ޣֳҲŲʶأһҲˣֽŮҲֻ棬ǮĴϰҪ𣿣
˭ģľĻޣĭ뿪ˡ
ľػصңʲôĵĴѰŮˣɷôҲˣ
һûɹһᣬϹ⼸첻ϰɣˣӰ׵˵ӡ
ľûϸȵڸʻ
ͷľ۾һͷΪԼǶ̷ȴǳ
 
 
϶Ǹīģ 
ͣͣͻȻеôˣӰɲ˳ 
ֳܾ˭ͷ㲻˵˵İɣѳǰ 
ӰҲһ㶣Ҳ֪֪ 
˵ѾȻôƽݼ̫ˣ 
ľҾ⼸ЩҲϹɣ 
һ㶼˴Ǽˣ 
㵽Ҫ˵ʲô 
īǲǾ鸴ȼˣӰһû뵽֪īĳŮˡ 
֮׵ģ 
ͷˣӰײ֪νʵīֻһγҴûڸʻϣǸûмʲô档 
Ӱνľţ˼¶ȥһ¡ 
Ӱھһ飬ͻȻһŮ˳µش˽ 






ҪӵرӰͷ󣡡
Ӱҳ
˭Բѣ
ҾҪȥ˭ֹҵһˣһ㶡
Ӱ׸û뵽
ҶǵľֳǵľֳŮǵڵİ࣡
⻰˵ˣ˻ֱ֪ľֳôõһ档˵Ӱǵʱ䲻ѹִҵֵֹģ
˿Ӱɫ˴ģôԺôԼ¡ǵ˵ʲôǻؼ˵
УһҪͷ˵Ҫͷ
˵ĳôгͷľͱˣղ˿˿ǸͷͻȻ˵ɩԩǾֳˣϼó˽ԴŮͷ
ģƭʲôҪڴ绰
߰ɣǻҪᣡӰض˵ϣ˵ġ뿪
ΪԹŮѧУ
ҵīûڴ֮ͥ裬ڲٳϡ
֪Ϊʲô𣿡ľīҡҡͷ龰Ӧòʲô£ЩӷĲīûиоˡ
֮ȻһֱûӣپҵǱǮ
ʦҲмкӡǵģͲҪƻ˵ļͥ
Ҳ˼
װͿΪӰ׵һ𣿡
ǰˣѣ
ѣ**Ϲ**ˣڼǲǶϴˣ㻹īѧ
ЩҪʵ
ûЩʵôдһݱ֤Ժ󲻼ϹȾ
 
 
īЦ̫̫ҲдģҺӰ׵˸񣡡 
㲻д˵㲻ϣľǰŮ˷ǳѶԸ 
˵쵽ддеīŮ˷ǳӰ׵ģԴмûٺκν 
㱣֤ļͥҲģīᶨ˵У˵ƾ 
Ҳдأ 
вңҪС˵׼һơ 
أīһץסĸ첲ٳЩѧоŮƺҪܶΧ˹ 
ľСխΪīҪִ 
㻹֣Ҵ㣡һ˹һʽɰīŻˡ 
Χ۵ѧҪʦϽʯͷһľ 
ЩСҰֶ۸ңľ޺ţ侲Щòãī˼ûлֶǰסĸ첲ֹͣǴңľһûĲͻȻˣֻ°ĭ鴤 
ôīоҪˣ120īæشֻ 





Ů


Ӱ׾ľôһֲݲݵؽ飬Լڰ칫̣
һȦһȦغţŮٹȥİ˵һֿµĥǸĽΪʲôȢ
ʱֻò˴ȴЩԸ
ֳҸһ衱һѧձҵŮڼˣӰ뵽ŮľһŮˣ
ĵˡȥӺӣ
ֳҰӰɡ㣿ǵģҲûʲô£ðɡӰ½Ůһٺľײϣٷô졣
ҽԺīصȴţҽѾָˣԺٴ̼ҽʲôϵ
˵ʲôҽЦЦĲǶƵҽҪǻģ
Ƿ˿īȥӰ׵ֻҲͨڲ֪ôʱ
һŮīˣīǰӭӣҺ㣡СīͻȻһֱʦ˵裬裡Ȼ󳯲ȥ
Ǽҵû°ɣº͵ʣӦû¡ǽȥˣ
ҪԺûв˵ҽôĻ𣿡ԱһλŮҽȰϹǸæ
һֱľҽԺֺģһٳϹԷ󡣲δѾͷͽûй¶
裡裡ī˽ӡľĴŮһ㶣̫̫Ǿֳ飬ûпӺӣ
˶ûпգλҽŴ졣
ҲûʲôھͿԻؼˡľǲһƯŮϹ飬ӺǲҽԺġ
ؼҿԲҪ֪һҪϰ̫ۣ࣡ģ
 
 
ľŮ극Ͱ˯ˣŵӰײŻѾ˵ҲûжٽӵĲ֪Ҳûʲô󰭣 
Իûкľ˵һ仰 
ڴŮҽ˵ĻټɷûйһӼᶨŮˡīǸŮأһ븸˽ĵλԼְһ׸ȴ³ 
Ӱ㻹𣿡ͻȻڿ 
˵ȫ˵߽꣡վǰҪҰнŮ𣿡 
˵ʹϡְλʵΪͬȢ 
Ҳ㳳ŮãҸЩУȻ鷿ȥ 
սľϰҲûо񣬡㿴Żˣ 
Ϻദҽ˵Ҷˣǲڣ㿴ҼȫϹʱϢڼҷ˵ϵģԹ޻ڶһǳŮ˲ϰ˼ڼѧСԼϹ㿴ЩĶ͵ŮȴõϹĻģŮʱҪѧ͵һЩʱ˵Ůˣһ˵ľЩΪٳ˲ٿӰ֮ȴûκν 
ԣ㼸УŮҽ̽ͷ 





Ů


īСʱĽ㣡кӶϲһû뵽Ľ֣һŵīڽϡ
˵ûȥٺûŮ˾Ͳգ֮ģĻԼŰɣ뵱ҵϹǶôİңؾΪ׶ӣ˵ĵ绰ˣһŵһ¸ϽתСѰҲôܣͬʱһֱסһŵļҲǰ취
ԼȥɣһŵЦ˵֪Լơ
ùãīȥʯңϾǰԼһпͻȥһǮ
ô㣿ͮ˵ؿţСīʯܸ˵ӭ˳⺢ôˣҿϼӳ˳ù岻Ϣɣ
裬ͮĶѾˣСī˵ˣãģ
㻹Ÿ𣿵ͲӦü޵Ǽң֦ͮԼһᴦǾͱˣ
˵ǷǵծԼͮĲ廰÷ϼʲôծʮ򡱡ʲôζһ£ǻҪ㻹ùãǮܻ𣡡
һûչ˺㣡㲻Ҫ˵ʲô˭黹ܺñǻؼңͮŶţͮͮʯţ⺢ӾƢ󣡡ϼ˵īؼסɣҡԶļҡʯ˵˵ͷ
ī뿪ùüǳ䣬ȻСʱĸ˿ǹùú͹øܺþԼİְ裬˿С̳˼ҹĺӣС
ǿŵһλŮ˭˭֣ҵļңҵҪ˭֮أϹڣʲôīͷһż֮Ȼƭȫƭӡ
ţ֮Ůѻûн֣Ҫ𣿡ˡ
ҡҡλεػؼҴţȴһŵһܵһ𣬡Բ𣡡ֻ˳
һڽϣҰȥĿѶʱˣҪ껹ʮ֮ԼΪľпܹҲסˣô죿
꣬û֪
ҪҰְߵﶼҪҰְ֡Ķƺ׶ʱϲĸ裬ôûǳһļңаİְֺ衭ģ΢Цӣҵĺӡ
īһͣһ˳ôⷢʲôˣˡ
Ѿû֪
ʱԼڴϣ䣬꣬õ𣿡㣿
 
 
û뵽Ӱףңô£Щεؿϴ˯£⿴εˣûа취ҰѴݣô 
ţΪѾǸҲ֪뵽Ҳˣī·ǷԱ㻻ģģֻҲ֪㷢ʲô£ 
žúůǰӰʱԼˣֻǺǸԽ˻žԶˣǶôá 
᲻Ծˡ 
֮оΪ㣬˾ܾңֻף㣡û뵽Ĳã㶼ΪʲôңһЩʱ𣿡 
ⲻܣҡͷΪʲôҲһŮ˵Ҹߣ 
ǵģɾһŮ˵İȴһʹһӣ 
ӰףīûаְѾܿˣԺѣ 
ڽ̸ͻȻˣӰһŶʱһ㶣 
ľ֮ 




ΪʲôҪ


ԾˣԵʶ˺øǣǡ
ô㣿ԭǸ¹٣֮һץסӰ׵죬ǰҲôԼôʹ࣡Ӱŭ˵**ŻɣһȭȥΪҸû뵽һǻ
ҪŮˣҴ㣡ľǰŮҽ˵˰Լ׸ıһ׼ֺʻӰ׻ȴȵһĪĵ绰˵Ϲĳĳݺ**
û뵽ĶҪѪˣһѰŮ
Ӱ׿īľǺܿµġ
ҹƿ֮ȥľ
īһؼң֮ţʱīǳɷŮڼ
֮Ѿ㻹ʲôʸ˵ҳȫ㣡㣿Ϊ㷴ˣãӴһϲٸĸϴҶˡ֮ȥ
ǲҲҪ飿ľɷĻ˵
ǻؼ̸𣿡͵Ů˵ǰ˵
ͬ𣿡Ӱ˵˵Ļûĵˣ˵ľݺݵӰ׵ֱҧһ£ˡ˵žɫ̫̫࣬Ӱģīܵĵ˵ŮҲ㣡˵ſʼ°ĭ
ȻīϽҵ绰ܴӰ׺ľԺǼˣҽһЩÿζȥҽԺ
ƽڴϣëīš
һæ֮ľѹˣͻȻ
īİְҪǡúİ޵췭ظ
ī޷ȥˣһǧˡӰ֮䲻нھӱ֤úðһӣľֹͣ˿ɷ
Ӱûлش
ǲұһƻ˼ͥ㲻Ӧ˻ʹ಻һ˰ˡī򴰻ôܿȥҲȥ
ãҴӦ㣡˵ǺãھͰӽӻؼң
īı֣ʱľ¶Цݡ
ȥԺӰ׷ҳ·ŷľ˾
ϹԺǺúùӣһġ˵֡
ʵԭӾľȴŪģ
 
 
ô֪ڱݣò˼飬ǲң 
˭ˣһ˴绰ҵģ˭ 
֪ͲҪ˷֡ľ˵£¶޵¡ 
Ůôǰ˼Ҵ¶һ㶼˵Ǻ꾫׼**˽ԼôҲˣ 
ľɷֵıΪĵˣ׼ѣ 
ӰҲ뿴ȥӾҪˣʲôȥ 
ҵ˯ҷ־ǲǻ׼飿ͣסŲ̾˿ȻһͷԵڴϲˡ 
ϹȴǿƵѹϣʲôȨԴԼˣ㣿 
ڷţӰ׸оԼ߽˵һŮħһ 
ڶҪȥһˣΪʲôҪ 
ټİ칫̡ 
һŮɵ𣿡ǵģϣ 



ҽ


Ӱ׿ǰŮ֪ڵΪʲô˴󵨣ֳ˵ҾӲڹȥˣ㣡йˣ㿴Ǹ˲𣿡֪鶼𣿡Ӱ׼̣Ϊ˶ŮҪ¸ҵظҸ
ˣȥɣʵڲܱһСѾͷ˵ֳ̣Զ֧㣡Ȼ˳
֮ߵػصңô˭ġ˵ЩھռȴһֱûдӦȢΪīţû뵽ѱ
ǽɣʲôŴͣûɣûУ¸Ǿͽ飡̫ˣϹҪˣ§īҲûҪģߵš
ڶ֮ûĵ绰ˣ˭Ҫӣ㣬룡ϹҰ㲻Ҫɧ˯ҪҪȻ̹ҵ
īĶ͸Ѿóʱûмˣ㷢ʲôҸһּҽ̡һŵһ˵ȥллѾûйˣһŵȥӺ𣿡Ͷİɣ㿴̳ǸҸأ
һŵĵַ⻧˼ңһı
壬һλŮ˳š
˭Ů˽ʣӵĸʦɣš
С㰡ʦˣŮ˳¥ϺţǰûзӦ⺢أ
˵Ů˰ī˽ȥǼҵıķԺⰢ̾ˣ
Ⱒ̣Ժ̸ָ̣ϣСֽл㲻Ҫ־Сˣ䣡
īǶ¥һСС鷿롣ȥС㣡
 
 
һһǮ˼Ҿǰ֮ĸңⶰӺܿտ룬Ȼȥֻһī˶ˤڵˡȴһӿĵЦ 
´λҲǼң 
īһҵСŮ۾ 
С㣡СŮеΪʲôʱѾվˡ 
ǼҵģҰְǸǮģýС㣡 
ҵѧѧҪʦģīû뵽˵ꡣ 
Ҫشһ⣿˵˵ 



˵СŮ


īڵȴСŮʲô⣬ϵ绰ͻȻˡ
ְ֡ӵ֪ˡƲôˣǱְڵ绰ѵˡ
ʦȥ㵹ˮµ绰Сضī˵⺢ôְ֣־񲻶ԡ
һ֭˹ллʦǾͿʼõģ
ۡīһڰѳ֭˳ֱ̼ȶҩѺȡһ²ҪȫŮϺ·ϣְ֡ʦҡĵؿԲҪ˵Żѱĳ֭ȫƷڵˣߡҲҪ㣡
С㣬ôˣ¥԰ıķŶˣ̣ʦң㿴ҵϣǲʦˣǣҵϸȫõˣ˵ϲҡȻ޵ĸˡ
Ⱒ̣ģʦҲ֪ľֻݲҪ̫̣
˲ԼȣīŷǳˣҲֻõͷΪҪҸнˮǳߡ
С㣬Ҵȥϴϴ̣绰ְҲҪʦòãԣְֲڼܵи˽㣡˵ŰѺӲˡ
Ǳķ𣿿ԺӵŮһī÷ǳ֡
·ĻȻӦúѧϰˣϣһŪһŪǸٲ۾ī˳ޣ治Ϊʲô
īú̸̸С㣡ؾС㣬ûʦ׼첻ˣ¶ЦݣģߣСŮʵϸߣֻҪҵģôÿһҿԴӦһ£Ҫ󲻿̫֣
СŮ룬ҲīеοԼһл飬Ǻҵģ˵ͷ
 
 
ʦټʱ֣ʱǵøҴöʳӦ¡ðɣҪ󻹲ҴӦ 
ȥīһŵ˵ҽɱˣЦʲôһŵſȣںصŮʱģôСסУҪҿ᲻ãΪĶٺȵ㿧ȣ˵˵Цҵԭ򣿡īùԼƷ 
ΪĲֻһˡ㻹ȥ𣿡īԹһǧ飬˵˸ɺûҪӣ˵ǸѧУһҲǧ飬뵽ϱծ˰ȥġ 
ллīѿֵ˹ȥŮ˶˸ˡһŵǳֵ̼ܣ׽ŪˣīεҡҡͷȻʣʲôʱѽ飿㿪ʲôЦôˣ֪кӣʲôī 
ʦãڶīĴһʳǾͿʼΡУҪҳȥ档²Сˡ˵ŻʳڵϣðɾһΡī컹ûкڣĩҲ÷ɷˡ 
һϣҪȥֳ⺢ѡطû칤ʾ͵⺢ϷǮ 
ðɡ׼ϳ⳵ͻȻһɫıְְ֡֡ 




ֵļͥ


ְְ֣֣ŻĺīԼؿһλʮˡ
ְְ֣֡ǳûѸٿˡǲϴأôְ𣿡
С㣬ǲְȥֳ𣿡
˵ǾҰְ֣ҪҰְ֣Ѿ˰죬ϳ׷
ӵܻ飡⳵˵Żһīֻȥ
׷ϸղŵĺɫӡûʲôɫӣ㿪ˡС֡
һʱҲû׷ϣ˾ͣһҪ׷˵λСҸûп˵ֳô׷˾ĻԸˡ
صңһ仰˵
ʦСôˣⰢʵ˵ְˡ
ʲôķһǫ̂尡Ҳ֪īøǲ˼顣
С㣬ǲְˣʣҲĵԼĶӳ̳ɣܾûмˣ۾ġ
ʦһ£ķīߣһ鷿
ʱµĺͬ㿴ͬͰǩˣī˹ϸµؿ˿
ʲôͬúܻƣЭϾȻ涨ʦǵŮԲмͥвҪúӻеİӡҪǺͬдͬʦǾҪʮꡣ
꣬ǾζҪʮһʦīԥ湤ʿĺܸһһ
ҿԺ̸̸𣿡Աķ˵˵ˣ̸Ӧǩˣ
⡭ʦһķ͸Щʱ䡣
ϺŻȥ̣СؽţС˧īȴΣֱˡһŵʵǡҡҡͷ
ôˣ
ī˵ǷݺͬҲûʲôô˵˲㻹Ժһ𰡣
 
 
ô˵Ļīˣ֪Ҫͷҹ 
绰Ұѽʮ׼ãȡī˵ǸŮ˿ɲʡ͵ĵƣڱϹˡ 
ô֪ģʲô£ 
һҲ֪ģˣֻûдϣ˭ҵģ˵̻ŮҪȥͬ⻹вź뿪У 
أ뿪ˣİɡīģȥأ 
˵֮Ҫˣİ֮ģϣȥ֮Ȱصߡ 
īȥѧˮС˵һ˶أ˵˰ûзӦ˷Ҿˣ 
īһҹҲû˯ãĽʸ𣿿֮ôܺŮһأ 
㱵ڽϣȥɷѾˣñô죿ڽսš 
ʱǰ߲ˣΪһЩ鳵ͣīȥһѾ³ˡ 
̹֮ȥˡ 



ûֹɵĻ


ī֮˲پƣõûУȥĺ󱳣˭֮һƿīȰģ㡭̧ͷŷӦ㡭ǲǡˣϣ㲻Ҫ飿Դˡ𣿡֮رȻţǸܸˣ֮㲻Ҫ̫֡
ûй֣ҿŮ˱˵ϹǸǳҹؼҡһŮ˵īѰȥľ
ôصԼûغԼɷʲôϵ
㻹ӰѾһûлؼˣ˵ְΪ㣬ҵɷ򻹸ңīһ㶣ľҪ˺ļơ泵ϴߴ֮˳㱳ҵĽīһ仰
Ĳ֪ӰīľץûҪսľϷŰòҵһҪ˺Ƥ
ϳͻȻһ˰קˡ
˭Ҳʶ㣡īڳţʮ¹ڳűɢŵʡһһˣīˡ
㲻ҪǸŮ˵ģĲ֪Ӱŵ˵С㣬Ǽ
ƴ䣬㡭ԼҲһսǵģ
ҵôᱻײлл㣬Ҫ³
ǷݺͬҿԺŶðɣ
ȵͣڱְְ֣֣ܹˣ򿪳ŵʱסˣôҰְֳķҲˣǵīʱҲһֵı顣
ְ֣ҲҪҵʦھߣīų⣬²˵㣬Լȥ档Ҫʦ̸
ߣīͶ޵۹⣬ǳ
Сǵȥ
ǣīķԼ۹ҲôѺˡ
С㣬ĸǸŮԣֻйùú͹ø
ܺãܷҵı׼ֻҪԸǩھͿǰ򡣡
 
 
һûðĺͬҵĴ뱲ӶŮˡ 
ûзٸʱˣҼȻôߵĹĸ϶Ҫ࣡˿īЦ˵㲻ɡ 
ǵģû뷨ĳֻһᣡīǸȰ˵֮ĳ汻ʵΡ 
벻ҪһҪǮѵīӰײκιϵˣȻʧ֪ 
Լ˻ľǲŹܳȫӰءڶʲôлԼһӰɡ 
ΪЩծǳ̼ҵ裡 
ǩ˱ʣԱߵ¶ο 
ãԺһԱ˵ףף 
õģķ˵ 
 





׽Ū


ְ֣ҸϺ涮¸ʦҲһСŮƳһīϲԣ˭ģǰְְʦһ
ʦϺеչ˺ԼˣķͻȻΪʲôҪ˵ҶϺаīûзӦķͶ˹ˣʦӭ뵽ͥҸ׼ģллؽ˹ȥ
ԺҲڼŮʦͽ裡˼˵ҾҪҲҪȫңķĻīоͷˣֻҪһ˽⣬Ҫκ˶ҪţҶģᶨ˵
Բȥ䣡īûԼľأӾͲ
Ƕٷ˼䣬ʣεҡҡͷ
ϿԲȥģְ֣̫ʦѵûŮ𣿡ǣŮһҪģǻ࣡
첻ҪȥˡīǴǱ𣬡ʦ㣡
ķţ˵СɲܴǼ⣡ķľ棬ܲ⡣
ⰢҲ˼ֻʦΪã
һķȻ˺ͱŮйϵʵ֣īȴûʲôôӲѵɵġ
ӣʱгͺˣ벽һ·ܵȵӡ
Ѱò׿⳵ˣ˻֣
绰𣬡īе㵽ݰӻؼңźСүðɣϳ˵
 
 
㣡û𣿡īǵģȥ˵˵⺢ʵڲʺ 
õģ 
صһ仰Ҳû˵īҲ˯ˣҲҪҲȥѧˮī˿ˮһŵҲǵĸǿúѧ˵°ڣ 
ī᯼Ҵ˯Ĳɣīû˵ȥϾҪͱķϵദãû¥ŲҪ᣿֪ 
ſȥīûзֻѵѧˣģ첻˵ְֻؼȥѧ𣿡 
ƿŷֺӿ޳ˣôˣīʦ˲Ҫðְߣְǹæܿͻģ֪Ϊ£Ҫˣ 
ְÿ߶ܳʱ䲻Һزˡġһģ裬㲻ҪͰְòáصǸˡÿѧУ̳ɵʱ򣬶Ӷ޳˵ذ񵶸һ컶Ļһ 
ڸڷѡīоԸϽȥְְ֡֡ҲѸ˹ȥ 




ס


ī׼绰ʲôķһѶҪȻ˹Ͼͻ
ְְ֡֡ſڴ߿޳ˣ˶˻ڵʲôīֹķû˵ֻ˫ֺ
ʱ䲻һˣǲҪţ˵Щŵй
æһ֮ͨѹˡ
ְ֣˿ڵˣЦ˵Ƕ**ûʲôְ֣ƭѾüˣǰ㲻Ҫ̫ע壡ҽõʲôīʵûʲô԰ɺ˹Ĳ廰ҽϵص˵ͷҪʱҩʲôʱ֪ͨңллķ˳ȥ
ְ㻹𣿡͸죬Ҫסһʱ䣿̫ˡϵĿֺʹϵҸԱȣְҲ뿪㡣
īס˵ԶϤĻͺӽ
ǡûоܾʵоЩա˵
ϣīڴϲ˯Ǿ¥»԰ߣЩ⣬ҹĻҲ˵¡
̳ɣһȱʧĸĺ𣿡˼޲ģⶼԼĴ
ʦͻȻһҲû˯ǵģ
ǲⲻϰߣǣ
ķ¥ϽīһʱͶɱ˵Ŀ⡣ҹ岻ûĸϿȥ
ðɣȥ
īصűķôҲ޷˯ˡ
ͥŮأһһֱˡ
һҹȥˣѾ̫ˣīȴôҲ**š
 
 
ô£ţⰢ̣¥ƺܿտûһӦ 
 
ˣǲˣ 
˭׽ŪԼǳߣֻҵ˾ȱûеˡ 
˻ƻ裬Ŵ 
ķˣ㷴ţī˵ʲôոҾˣô£ 
ңҲŲأˣ㣿īֻðŭѹȥ 
ŻҪķԺ˵ˣⰢҲǺӸɵģɱ˵񣬡㻳ңķЦţһЩͻ𾴣 
ôˣûʲôī̽ףĿ 
ðɣҸڻ裡 




Ǹ˵Ĺ


ķҪⶰŮ˵Ĺ£īǳȤ
̫̫ǸˣʱҴҲؽ̫̫ңǸĴʦ̫̫ѧʦлôһӣΪ顣
Ҹһͥī˵ǵģһ껶ʱһһȥΣ˳ֲ̫̫Ҳûѹķᶨؽ˵ֻҪ̫̫ûֹͣҵŮˣû˿ɷ򣡡
ˣñķԼŮɷһʵ֮ǰһЩŮ˾**ǼǼ̫̫ĸӦţ
ٺõҲįֻ򣬺οôˡ
ҲǣԺҲã
ֻ裬̫̫ܿͻѹ
Ϊʲô̫̫ӻؼңī棬˵ˣ̨ҽˮƽ˵̫̫Ǻܿѹġ
Ⱒ̣һ̺ûллϣҷģ
֪ԺīûĺܿҪѧͿÿˣҪķһͥ
ī찡һŵڵ绰޵ĺģǷʲôˣ˵绰Ⱒҳȥһ£
ðɡķ˵Ҫ̫ͷ
ҽԺһŵȹϵ߶ţôˣˮȥˣһŵһץסī֣ҽ˵˺أ
µģȣһŵ
ܳʱ伱ҵŴˣҽһŵǰΣ˵Ѳˡ˵ʲôѵֲˣǵģ
һŵ˹ȥһŵҽôˣ
һŵѹʱĵһ仰ǣҺ㣡
㲻ӦȥˮҶ̫ˣһҪѹ
¹ȥˣһֱš
һŵ¸ѣû뵽Ǽһ˵Ƿְɣܵһƺ͸˹Į
ʱΪְڼҺīʦıְķҲûΪ
һڽŻʱ򣬿һŵһ˵ĳ
ǲ𣿡īо˼飬˼һŵˣ
ôҵѵ⣡
 
 
ôˣЩֻϲǵǮϲǣ 
Ҫ 
ǵģֻҪǮʲôԸ⣡Ϳ 
㲻Ҫѵңÿ춼ҪǮô죿 
ǡ 
ѾҲ氮ˣֻȥİ㲻ҲӰǸֲʧҪˣ֮Ҳʹ㲻Ӧö˱ϣҿͺܲҲǮˣ 
ӣ㲻˵ֲѵ͵סįһֲ˹һӣʹ绰 
īܲˣŷأΪǮԸعѣҪҴȥ˴̼̼ 
һŵһֵ𣿱¾Ҵȥ͸͸ 
ĺ¶Ұѡһ˰ɣҲˣīƺûʲôȤ 
ԺǾҪһ㣡һŵһҾưɡ 
ЩĿĸоɫɫȺУСܵܣľζر𣡡һŵԼȥϷδС 
ī⿴һ˲һ 



Ե


ֻīͺü**һ̬еͼŮûʲô
˵û֮ȢŮ˾һƭӣʲôƶѧ㣡һŵҲ˷˹۵㣬ʲôīҪȥļæֹȥֻᰤ
Ȼ޸֮˾ͲٷŵˣҵĹ˭ȥƾʲôģߣǻؼҰɣǻǸ꾫
ȥ·ϣīβסǴ绰֮ҿھưɣ˵ʲôڮ԰ɣ˵īһûŮǲǣûȥͰѵ绰ˣһŵû飡
㲻Ȼȥһˡûߣ˵տҪˣҪһʢջᣡ
𣿡ݹ˾һķϽȥ͸īСǩգ
õģ
īԱǰܲ⣬һſƬȴûǾŰپʮŶõ壬һİ
ÿ춼ףҸʵ֪𣿡
ֻͻʲô֪Ա˵ˡ
ʦƯĻҿܵǰ͵Ҫ𣿡
ǣ޷ش
īͶæµлյˣ˲˶ҴǹˡвŮʿ΢Цӭǡ
λǣŮգڴллҺһף˵һ̵ĻЩĺʱֵŮԶͶȥĿ⣬жʮŮߣǶ֪ûŮˡ
᯴ʦŮÿɰϲ趼УһʮŮӼüۣ𣿡Ҳܷ
ʦҲ㰡ʮŮҲȥˣ
ᣬīһƽʱ˵˿̺һˡ§һһŮӽأͬһԲ˵ĻбķҲû뵽ô
Ͼһֻ˳ˣûзְֵı仯
**ͻȻˡ
һҪΪԣķرɣ
ֻһλʮ߽ˣϴࡣЩŮӼűˡ
Ҹ·˷ǸˣǽҲвҪ
𣿡˵ĻͰ㣡
 
 
ðҽΪ㣡һ˵˶˻һ֡ 
ҪΪ㡣ãҵ鷿 
ܳʱȥˣų˷ܵ˵˼ֱ˴ҽ춼붼ȥһ㲻Ǯģ 
ððҪǮ˭Ըȥ˵ǻȽϹԼǰ; 
ʦҲȥ㣡ǣķķԸһ˰ɣīԼѿ͸ˣȥɣȥҲֻˡ 
ֵʱؽȥˡ 
һǩ 
λŮʿﲻֹһˣīԵô 
ڰǰһûᣡ 
ֻƽûҪ㻹𣿡 
ҪܶǮ 
ǵġ 
Ҫ޸ǮˣԺ󲻻кӹС 




ֵͻ


Եֹôˣī֣㲻ҵ˺Ǯ㲻Ҫݲҵ𣿡۾ʲôӦ
˼ң˵ҲҪʲôˣĶ˼ﺢӺõģ
īòԵ𣬺ʵģ
ûбҪشЩ⣡һǸˣ
֮оһҲãѶһ㣡
ɢ֮ȥرЩŮЩᣡ
īԼķ䲻ôҲ˯ţ˵Ļ

һлл㣬ôҵˣҷˣ
ҡҪ˵ʲôһı軹ã
Ǯģᶨ˵㲻ǰǮĺصˣ˼Ҷˡ
ԵģͿ
λģΪ뿴Ů˶û뷨˶ǿҵĲƲھǩĺͬѾЧ
ԭһֱڿңīˣֻ㺢ӵʦҪѾĻ𣿡
УΪһҸ裡īͻȻˣûҪ裬ǰԼܶʲôϸ
ЩҾʣƽţѵ͵𣿡
ڶ峿ī˳ȥ˳
еκģӰһֱǣʹͬ޸Ҳǰ
Ĺͣʲô

һĹǰͣŮ˻ƵЦݣˡ
ҵӣһǴ˲ǳֲˣֻߺΪϣ֪軹Żһѹ
ôΪһֱûȢǵģ
 
 
֪ôʶ𣿡˵ͷ 
ʱϲԾʦΪﲻˣһҰ˴Ӯһ˾ȴ⵽һĳޡ 
ҵȱǴڽϣһŮÿͶҳԡҷһҪȢ 
Ӱɣī˵ǵģûҵ󡭡۾ġ 
ȥĲҪˣһж¿ʼģ 
Ҫұܣ֪Ǻãǻȥɣ 
ʦĻصұķЩ˵˵ʲô 
Ļ£ķī˵⻨͵𣿡 
ûа˭أʱɫȴ˭͸ģǲԽģ׵Щʱ䣡 
õģϣسŵ 
īֵֹģûбֶжٺøУÿһ־룡 
һܡ 



ŵ


£ڴЩԵҾҵŮ㣡ʾīߡ
Ϊ˺ҪȢ𣿡š
ķ˶ڽҲУֻʺҵˣӦҺ𣿡
𣿸ô죿īִ̫ˣҲôӦ㣡
㲻Ѿͬ𣿡۾ͬ⣿Լʲôʱͬ޸ġ
ûУ⡣
ôͬ޸أ˵һֱڵѹ
һЦ˵ŪҲҪ޸ң㰴ͬչŮ꣡
ÿ춼ŮдţЩҪԺתĸ
ΪʲôīȴЩѣļ磬ҩָ⣡
ҩָˡ
ҵʱ䲻ˣ˵ʲôīһ
ڼǰ͵˾֢һֱǣҵŮûĸ׼ʧȥף
ⲻģīᣬоСʱʹ࡭
ԺдЩÿҪһֱ꣡
֪֪
˴ν֮Ѿˣ
ʵ飡
ְ֣
ͱķ޷
īѾˣãĺΪ˴챯˲Ŵڵģ
绰ø˵ùסҽԺˣ̸ȥ
ҽԺĲѾвˡ
ùã
ī˽ȥ
ӣˣùûô۰
裬㲻Ҫ˵ѾסһǮ˼ôأͮѾһŮԴŮԺǱ֮ˣҲͮ
 
 
ô˵ģ衱ʯ˵ˣԶҴ 
˭ǲ˵ļҽ߽ǣǶǣǺãһ£ 
ʯҽ 
īҲظȥˣҽйùֻܳһµʱ򣬼˹ȥ 
ø˵š 
ȥʱ٣Ҫȥչ˹ùãһҪ 
٣Ҳأ˵ҲҪȥպͬҪǮģ 
һҪȥīᶨƢ󣬺ðȥ 
ʲôīϲԼȥˣ 
ԺרҽԺչ˹ùöͮһҲûǺӶҹߵģϼеʧܡ 
ʦôҰְ֡ôˣīѵģ 
𣿡ϼʣҡҡͷû¡ 
ʱҽԺҽæ˵һȵˣ 
īΪΣˣǳȥһһ 
һŮѪر̧ 





ܵĻ


Ӱ׵顭īôأ
Сīǲ£㿴˼ʦôأȥɣøھٹҾͻؼˡ
ϼ֪ԼĲ飬Ѿˣùͷɣڷϼߣӣ֪뱨ѾĺܺˣТ˳˵֣ȥɣ
ùá֪㻹Ƿ˼ôծȥ
ҡţӣʱ֪ͨ㣡ʯһ˵
ùãÿ춼ʱ㣡īȥ
ҽԺĴЩŻŵţȴײһˡ
Բ𣡶Բ𣡡
æǸ˵̧ͷĿԣ
м˿ˣ·еĲɣ
㣿
Ż
㲻ʧ𣿡
Զᣡ
һ¡ת׼뿪
ͻȻӰץס
һ𣿡
һ˾ҪԼĻ𣡡˦ȥ
ллʦīҲˣְֺ𣿡
Ѿ˯ˣ
ʦԵ㶫ɣķҲĵҲ
裡裡һҹεڽӣˡȴץס֡
վڴҹΣ̳ɻ𣿡Ȼ俴һһӰѸٴȥ
Ӱףôҵ⣿ī˵ʡ
Ҵģī˵˵ƢܹŹ֣Ҳܵ
΢Цţڿ˹˾ЩծѾڻˣ
Ĵְǵģ
ıƺǲţ߳ȥӰϺõ
ƾʲôƾһɷҪĳ𣿡Ȼ뵽һ£ǻǲ͵ģ
ǵģ뿪ﵽҵĹ˾
绰𣬡ιīīҽԺøڵ绰ҽԺ
㣡
ʮӺ󣬵̤һƬùã˹ȥ
첻ǺúõΪʲô
˵춼˵ʲôˣҽ˵ɱģͮץסīɱܣƴҡͷ
īҺ㣡ͮĻһ
ӰĬĬһ俴ţҲԸֵʹ࡭
һŮϲɴӰ׵ıӰ
ӰףΪ㶪㻹ûһоİɣһܵõ㣡
 
 
ڹùõɥī͸ԼеᣬСʱһǻĹùѾˡ 
ʱĵ绰ҲڲͣѾˣΪֻ֪ˡ 
øùΪʲôҪɱţʵ֪Լûмǲ۴ҡ 
֣Ҳ̫ƫ˰ɣ˭ֻǱ˼ҵĺƾʲôҪǳ¼ҵĲƲۣͮ˼СīǷծ𣿡 
Ҳˣ 
øҵǷݻðɣīҲˡ 
ǵľ˭ı䲻ˣ 
īѪϱǷ𣿣ͮҧгݣ 
ɥȥˣīƣػص᯼ңǸȴ 
ԶԶһŮ԰ץѸȥ 
Ǹҳ**Ϲ֤ݣ 
ľһô⣿ 
ʲôԵܣʦҲˣ㶼ʲô£ķԹ㲻Ҫ˵ 
Һ˵㿴֤ݣ˵Ƭ˦˹īһȴһ˺һŮ˱ӰЩģ 
йϵ𣿡 
ɷôɧû𣿣 
ֹûУӰѸٸȥ 
㻹ⲻҪĹŮ 
ԺҪҵļ£СǻҵļˣԺأͻȻſڡ 
ļˣӰ׷ⶥ 







ˣӰ״һľߣһľҲһʱӰ
ϣһ仰û˵
ľ˿Щ̽˵㲻Ƭ
֮ĸûˣؼһ仰
ܵģҰഺҵĸΪ㰲źһУ
죬Ѿְˣ
ǲǸ꾫ǵģǼͥѣľøһ
ԼؼҰɣҪҽԺܣ
ҰɣľĵʣѾ˵ˣͣ˳Ҳȥ
ʡİɣӰ׼³Ѹٿߡ
ܣõ𣿡
öˣŮôˣܲá
īҪǸеĽˣε˵
ôôΪȰ˵㶼ɥˣѵΪĸͽͣ
Ҫ̸̸
ܹ˾𲽲ҪΪܵӰ죡
ͷ
ԼһľĲӰ̤ȥѰȴԸһĻ
īһ˽һˡ
ߵǰǿ΢Цյҵɷīûбؽš
ϲ㣡ֱ֣˴һ
ǵֱĵ
𣿡ʣûУֻ뵱ף㣡
ᣬˣת뿪۾ʪˡ
ʦ㲻ð˵һ仰ˣҷȥɣ
ڼҺˣһ߸ơ
ҲǺȵһ̤Ϳ
ְ֣ôôŮš

ءҡˡɳϡ
ȥϴ裡ľָУöʱ͵öᡣ
Ұϴ䡣
ҲϴҪ˯
ã˯ȥ
·ȴץס֣Ҫҵ·
ţеҪҪ
Ǹ꾫Ըˣľƴذ·
֣һֻһŮ˷ϵ㡭֪ǸŮ𣿡ˡ
ľڵϡ
 
 
ʹ𣿡ڰīᡣ 
ллҲŵģ 
ˣҲǺͬϹ涨ģ 
ͻȻƿ 
ְ֣ķͻͬʱǰ 
ǣǸӳԾ 
ʦǰҶ㲻ãԴ֪õ֢ҲͨˣѲ˶Ҳû̫ʱ䣡ͬ裡ķһһ˵š 
Ҳͬ⣬Ҳðְô¶ 
ӣŮڻ 
ʦ㲻ӦҾͲķֵ 
ҡԸ𣿡΢ʵʱѾ޳ˡ 
ҴӦīҲ޷ȥˡ 
 
ҡͷۡҵ֣˸ա 
ȥҽԺīܵġ 
áԹҩһͺˣ˵ 
ѹ֪˯˶೤ʱҶˣī֡ 
ҵߣ 
ϴˣ 
찡ұ㡭 







ڽѾ뿪ˡī߱ʱܸľů
ҡ
ڵһҹûа
̫Ӵ˽Եī
ô㣿Ϊ˭ƽ˵
Ҹһֱһ㡭
ǲ㷴˲չŮһӣҰҵһģ
ǲ˵ˣһᾡӵÿչ㣡ī
лл
裬˯ĺ𣿡īץʣܺãЩϰҺ𣿡Щӣʲô£
㿴ҾԼ¶ְҲҪ뿪СܵܰԺаˣ
ӣīǿЦǸɾģֻӾһΣҲзִģ
Ӧ裬ҾҪһСܵܣҡĸ첲⺢ֲˣ
æ˵ְ֣Сܵܣ
˵ʲô۵һļְԼ
ְеİ㻶һ˰ԾͲҪܵܣīĵغźӡ
һֻһŮ˷ϵţ֪Ůʹ࡭ľ㶵ɳӰ˵ÿһ仰
ɷûбԽԽԶˡ
ȥϰˡӰ·˳
Ӱס
иͻ̸̸
ֻǺľִʱ˵ڶͷϣɢҲǺܿǵ̵ģֻסһԺͻص˾ˡ
ôǰԺˣӰûʲôˣֻǲĹ˾
ܵĻЩжԴӴ칫˾ŮæЩԼܷȥ
磬ҪһҪĿˣһȥõġ΢Цš
һµװһɫ˿ЩЩ߹Ƕͷϵİ̺ѾСͬʱִŮӳ֮
Ӱ״˰죬ôˣܳԾʡ
󣡡ӰҡҡͷӦʦ
ʮʱзζС
ˣҴǿ߰ɣ
һҸ߼Ƶ
ʮһ
 
 
⴦뵽㣬ҵС㣡Ӱ׽š 
С㣿⴦۾ֱؿţãæֻ֣ãЦӭͬʱҲ֡ 
СƯ 
佱ˣͬʱоֳ鲻ˡ 
̸̸Ŀ£Ӱ׸˵һơ 
ҺȣһЩͺҵĲ˵ 
Ǻ 
⴦Ӱվоܾɥ 
ʲô˼绰˵ú̸̸ 
˿˿Ц˵ûʾ 
ȥϴּ䡱뿪 
ôûбʾһĻҲȥֲȥ 
㲻**˭ȥϴ谡ЩС㶼ɾҪǴȾʲôһӾˣ˵ǴҪǮ 
ҪʲôӰ׸ɻ 
ͿǼٺͿǴǿСˣ 
̫쵰ˣӰһ䡣 
ԼŰ죬Ǵ㣡ˡ 



ı仯


ھƵӰǷǳߣһôһŮȥ£Ҫ취
ص˾ӰװԼ̣Ҳ֪ʱôˡǷǼįǰľսʱÿīʱͻڣϲڵζȥ˼һŮˣȥһûеõİ
ǻ⣬֪ʲô£ھƵĶԻˡû뵽ǸôɫҲӰײôģǸǵĹ˾ٺܴԸ⿴˾ôˡ
˵ӰףԲΪֻˣ
Сôʶң߼ڲԣ˭ҵҵĹ˰
⻰˵ȥˣǸɱѾƵˣҲҪæ˵Ѻͬ˹ȥúãҪźңϡ
һģЦţ߰ɣ
һаһ˫ĵȥ·˳еһжΪһˣһһ۾ϲˣǸ˵װȴ
ܴӱݻڹ˾ſڿһһֱվǣ㶼ʲôӰ۾ҰѺͬǩˣ
žžĶ⣡
ôңΪ˭Ȼܿ
Ӱ׵ȷԼˣܣܣ
׷ѾҪȥġ
ڴϣӰ׿ĴѰһɫĳ⳵ء
ͣͣͻȻһŮǰһϽɲ
ʲôЩҵϹ˻һӣҴҽԺӰһأѸٿȥ
ϹŮ³гҽԺȥӰҡҡͷ׼뿪ȴīһ˻ŻųҽԺȥ
īʲôӰ׾Ū
̳ɣֻīߺ߿ޣҽһҪȾҪҵɷȻղŵŮҲҽ
 
 
ôôܿأ˱ס˺ӡҽҡͷʲôīͻȻ˹ȥ 
ôˣӰ׹ȥʱƷҲ䵭ؿ˿ī 
Ӱװѹīع˾һĵ˷Ϊʱסڹ˾ġ 
ȵˮɣȻĲ˵һ仰޾Ϳ޳ɣûзӦīī֡ 
ĵ绰īææسȥҹ˻ûлЩĸ»ʧȥ໤ˡ 
Ӱ׼ӵ绰ɴػһᣬһɣ 
ҵĺӣͻȻīޣ 
ӰסԴľ֪ɷû屳ѵʱʡһֻҪģôġ 
һֱ˵˾æؼס˼ 
ľôһӰ㿪Ű 




ʧ


Ӱľٵʱ֪㲻ȥҪͺ顣ҲǿⳡްĻˣ͵Ĵš
ӰףҸ㰾ļľ˵׼ҰɣһȻذɣӲ˳ȥ
ãˣľֻøǡ
ҪΪҲ֪ľ֪īڷΪĿֻһյķ緶ûдõ绰ԼҪѧȡҪѧ͡
ڻȥĳ⳵һŮ·߱꣬ǸŮӰ׵顣
źأŲأ¶Цݡ
ľӰײ˿ҪȥˡīøղŶ˵ҲǴ󾪰
°ɣϣȺȵǸģ֡
ҲҸģȰɣ˳
Ӱף֮ѾˣīֻҪһкҵֻһˣ
İҵ֮⣡
ԼԵˣҲ֪֮һҵҲһһ𣡡
˵Сһһڵι
īСʱʧȥĸȻùùø۰Ҳڱõķгģʱôϸĺǻ
ǲ˶ܣעҪˮĻˣʧ֮ʹʱԼ
ֻˣӰ׼ȴīۣôˣŵ
ҡҡͷҲˣ
īҪЩʲôҪѧǿ
ҪȥȻᵣĵģվļ޸ˣΪʲô
ΪǵһǺϷģҪҳɣҲΪʲôܵһȣ
ԣҽʧȥͥʧȥģ
һģ
Ҳܴ⣡ӣһѱסߣ𣿣
֪ˣĻô顣
˵ְɣ㣡
ڳû˵κλֻھʣܣܣһŮлš
ԭû뵽ΪӰ׸ôں˵ǸӼᶨľģ·߿Զĳ
ʦˣķ򿪴ţ㵣ˣģ
һˣôûΣ˷ˣҵĺӡЩʣԶ뿪ˣʲô
 
 
ܾȣҴˣѾ̫̫Ϣɣķ˵ 
īڵظں棬ôˣ˵ûʲô 
˴ң˯ɳԸͬһŴϣ㣡ϴ˯ˡ 
ڶͻȻľҵī˵Ҫú̸̸һϡ 
˿ϣӦ֪ʲô£ľڣסΪʲôҪƻǵļͥûУ 
˵ǲһҹң 
ī۾ɱ˵Ĺߣ뿪ԶӰף 
ҲܣīҪչһݺͬǲߵģ˵Ů˻˸˻¼ûӰ 
һֱȰ˵ңīˮ˵ΪģҲû 
ǲܵģȻī˵˿ľֻҪͲģͻȻһµͷӿ˳֡ 
ǻ裬ҪǸ𣡡ī˵ţľЩ£֪ԼԲԣǲԶʹСΪԼͥΪ˺Ӳʧȥְ֣ 
ľ͵þīʲôţȥֻҪʧҵĻͲΣˣ 
Ҫ 
ľʹе˺Ϊī˱߶һǺӵ˷ǳͣȥɣīվûеֱֹӵȥ 
ƫƧûľϽ뿪ǲԶһڳ￴һĻû³ȶЦ˵īҶʧˣ¼ֱڰȻ󿪳ȥ 



ʧ֮


ô£ô鷳ڻûлڿﲻ˵ҶҲӦúúùܹķһҪȥһң
У壡ڸоöˡ˵׼ȥҺһȥҲȥ˹Һܵ費ҪˣģŮͷЩ˺òŮһȴǸֻš
ǿıеĽǽȴûзīӰǻȥɣٲͱôķţǲǱ˴ˡš
һԺ󣬾ȴûʲôչ
ôʧ٣Ӱɳϣոܴ绰ϢʱһҲš
𣿡ľʵīʧˣǸĸأ
ұ죡ŭ⣬춼ҲǱ𣿡
ְ֣ڼҺ𣿡īѾܳʱûȥѧˣӰ׿Ůͷİ׷ЩѹʲôǸ𣿡ľ£īҪһѧУѧڼŮΪ˸ŮӰ״һأɴУ
ī˶ͷʱһĪĴЦ̫ϲһ
ŮԸѧͲҪһʱҸͥʦӰƽ˵ͥʦīû͹ˣﶼװЩʲô
װǼͥǺӣĳЩװЩ˵ĶľԽ˵Խ𾢡
㰮ô˵ô˵ɣ뿪ְְ֣֣ͷŮҪİְֻһֵؽѧУ
ܣǺϸƻ㿴һܵ˹ʱ乫˾ҿҪһЩӣӰ˵
ϹôԵģ֪Ҫʲôо𣿡
Ҫ˵ˣҾˣ
 
 
ܣҰ̸ϵں˾治ֵֵ֪ģ 
Ӱվǰܣ֪Ϊ˾̫඼֪ô㣬ҸһǮȥԼɣ 
ңȣûֻǲ㣡 
ˣȥīҸ㶥ţ˦ȥ 
𣿡ӰڽϿһʮīƬ 
ǣǰ˼ʣҲ 
⺢Ҳ֪ĶȥˣˣĹø 
ԭ㣬˼ҰҰɣӰ׷ûʲôҲҲİ 
īӰͻȻһ߹ĳīӰӡ 





оҵĺ


ĶСīʯҲ֪ҿ˰ɣ
ʯƣ֮ڼſڿīϢ𣿡
òˣ˵ҶԲҵҪ飡֮ƺ¶˵Щ˵ʲô
ģڲͲңѧУҪýǮŵŮˣ
㵱ͲӦôСۣ֪һҪҵ
ʯûһ˿飬˵ī˭أ᲻Σգ
ûʲôˣҲǳ̳ɵ¶̼̫뾲һʱɣ
֮˳̥ǣʱīĺ
صڴ绰㲻֪ǸСж˯ʱˮºʧˣҪҹ֮ܳ𣿣
֮ŭգŶðŭ
ҪŮԭıǣһζŮŭ𣬡˵ΪʲôҪ޸ʲôĿģץסͷЩʱһŮŮ˶ֵģǰŮӺĺ޶
֣˵˵
ûʲôֻȵƣֻ⣡ţ֪ҶҪˣ
ɣ֮ó̳ɵȥ֮˸ңҲ
֪Դ޸ѧУͿ˺ӱˣ
ⲻңҺѾ޷ȥˣ
ôͬ⵫Ҫһ򣡣ֱ׳ûУǳ̼Ҳй˾𣿡
ǲҵĶҲܣ㣿
ҿ԰ⶰø㣡
ӰīĺһŵҲûͮ
֪˵ʲôˣ㲻֪ˣת뿪Ѽˡֹͮ˵ʲôӰתûУϿȥң
 
 
Ǿô£ⶼ೤ʱˣӰֺ׶༪٣ 
ʲô˼һҪҵ 
𼤶ǻᾡģȰξ 
Ӱ׷ȥ˯ţңңľͻȻУ 
е̨㲥վܴӰڹ˾ֲš 
ܣǹ˾ԱΪһ˰ҵ񶼸˰ɣܽҪ㣡 
ʲô̬ȣ㹫˾ȥҪգӰײ˵ֽ˵㿴ôߵͽڵм滰ĵʱҲʧǮ˵˶ôʱ϶ˣ 
죡ǰ㲻ǺϲīΪ»Ըôˣ 
Ϊǵ£ôɵⱲ㲻ܺīһģȴ˵ǾΪŮ˸ֵ̫𣿣 
绰Ӱ״򿪣ܣһʬǳжϿܺҵйأʲôɫ󾪲ع˵绰 
ˣ¶һֲĿ⡭ 





ĵʹ


ӰǻæƺоԼͷЩ裬ϢĴ̫ˡ
Һһȥ㿴ΪӶˣ
㿪ҵĳɣڰ֣֪ˣ
һĽҰΧ˲ˣǴۿ˻Ǳþ档
ǲܽһסӰף˵ģæ˵Ǻøɣ
ϸһײī𣿻𣿡Ӱ׵ľšһ꾯кʬѾ˶Һĳֶ˺Ҫϸ
֪Ӱǰض֤ɣľѸˣǾʬûʲô״һƬģƤڸöɢһŵĳζ
ˣվԱֱ£߲ʮ꣬ŮԳӰԽſͿǲīΪʲôĺһģһ
ҪҵˣӰܸ߰ǣһ֡
ӣī߳Ӱ׻ͷ֮ųʯ
ҵĺӣ˭㣿˭
Ǳ𼤶ڵУ
֮ѳʯͻؼԺ󣬾īûгô˶أͻȻܺԼͳ̳ѵīҲ
Ųһ亹Ǿȥ˾ưһܰŮҳ
ʣһҾưȥˣԴӽ˻ϲֵطҾưҲһʶĵطأ
ڻǿˣȻĵһ˵ϡ
ʲôôһŵĲ˭ʵҲʶص
ʶϹ㶼ʶˣ֮ߣʲôϹ㲻˵**ƭӣ**˶ʹһȻˡ
֮ǲǷ㻹ʲôҲҸһ첻Ͳܺͱһڸһؼң
ſ
ʲô˳ؼҪú̸̸Ҳý˶ϣ
ڿɳϣŮĶ񶾣ң
ҴСͶŮ˺ǵһҺ޵Ůˣ֮ʹĵ˵ţӵǸ⣡磬һʼƭͲһƶɽѧһô֪ģ
ʹǼҾưɵϰ˵һ**̫İȻҶӺˣ
ҾͲһ崿ŮֻһѿûбˣϹˣݱҴҲֻ˺Ƥˣ˵īǲɱģ͵ĹץסĲӣ˵ΪʲôҪɱ
 
 
ǷӣյĸˣҡûУǲ˵ѣûֵ˼绰֣֮ιʲô£֮һ˰ְ£֪ˡѾﵽűˡ 
һץסͷʲôʱ֮ô׹ֱˣ 
ûɱģֻĶǺǰ޶ûвΪʲôҪ֮ҲǣǺھȥ飡УҪһ򣡡˵㻰ģ֮׺ݵ۾Щ£Ǻðɣ 
ꡭôҵ򺣡 
Ӱ׿ų˵ĸ裬ڴ˿Ѿɿˣʣµֻһ壬һѾȥˡ 
İҵ֮⡭˵Ļѵ֮ĵط𡭡 
ϹԷ𣿡Ů˵ĵ绰ûлشֱӹˡ 
ͣڻǺӱߣϡ 
Ӱ֪ԸʲôöຢӰ 
ԣϣͬһĹѨ±ӻһ𣡡 
һ𣡡§ 
ȥʱϱġıѣֻĶ̫ˣкܶǮͿ԰ծˡ 
ԣұ¾һ£ó绰 
һ򣡡 




뿪֮һ


ְң֮ĸǣˣҵӦΣһ˵裬鶼ȥ˰ɣ
һӶΪŮػǱǺôң
ˣ¡̻ϿˣȻǱ֮ͻᵽ
ʲô£֮ʣҪҶ
ӾͰŵȰɣĸװοԺҪúùҸõϱ
ҲȢˣ
ʲô˵Ǳ֮ͮˡ
ã̻ϵôҾճأҶҪѳ̼ҵĲҵһ£
ֲҵֹͮš
ھƵĹɷҪȫתø֮ϣֵҪӪݲҵ
ƾʲôƵûвֹõãǱ֮Ҵ绹ѳ̼ҵĲҵˣͮ
ô˵ǳ̼ҵ˲ҵѵܸ˰֮ҵʦһ£̻½ۡ
īɥǳʯģȥĿѾˡ
ܶ˶ȥˣЩİЩǿЦġ
֣ôǮôõĹײĺͱʽĹأͮ棬㲻Ҫôࡣ
ôŮǲ˲ǮӦø˰ɣ
ǰ㻹ЩҸЩܰŵģ
ԭ
֮ǰ֪ⱲӻܲȢīš
Զһ˴īӰסںһˣǾ˵Ȣī
 
 
뿪ȴҲӰˡ 
ɥӰ뿪 
ܣ㶯ôһǮ˾Ѿ֪ˣ֪Ǯ˶һ㷢ٶ𣿡ȥֱӹ˵绰 
㣿ܺ˼ĸܡĸĸڹΪʲôտʼ칫˾ְֵͨĹϵиٶĴؿŹ˾ȥ 
Ӱ׵ĳͣһǰڼ𣿡 
ү̫̫ڣӶ˻صȥ 
㣿ǣ 
ã˾ϰ˻һǮģ 
˵һЩ̻ʵ 
īǷǶǮҰȫϣƷ򸾵ɴ۾īʲô˾Ȼô˰ծ 
ǷǮһѾˡ̻˵ˣ˭ģӰ׳ԾҲίʦã 



뿪֮


˭ǮأӰ׷ǳɻ
ˣİ칫𣬡ܣ
׼ʲôʱƲ
Ǯûô
ģĪϲá
ʱһŮ˾ϴּʱŮԱ̸ͣ½Ų
˵Ҫƽڰ˾Ϳˣ˵ôġϰгˣĵظ
ʵ˵ܲ˺ƽð㲻֪žһĸϻ
˭ģ˾ľɷԹЩˡ
Ҵ㣡ŲҪ**˵žʹ֣Ҳ˵ϰҰɣ
Ҳˣ
Ҫھ͸ҹ
Ȼ칫ҿܺӰһ𣬡һˣ
ôˣӰ׾ȣϹĹ˾а
ģܳȥˡ
ϰʱ䣡һʱһûʱˣ
㲻Ҫȡ֣
ұ㺢ӵļͥʦҵûУھҽԺĹ飡
㿪ʲôЦ
ģ
ķҲ̫Ұ𣿡ͻȻܻôԶִأ
˭ˣӰɫ࣬㿴ɣܰŮԱ˹
ֻǱףΪʲôҪǣ
ƸĺԱ֪Ǳô˵ҲŽѵʲôƨǶˣľƺҪ衣
ҵĹ˾߰ɣӰ˵ң
ˣѷͻؼңľȥ
Ҳߣƾʲôң
ϣһôҧ˰
ץסҵģӰ˦ң˵
ľƺӰ׺һȣɱˣһ㶼ԭǱ꾫סˣҪ㣡
žܵϴּһϰѣðѱ׼ʻȥ
㣡㣡˵˲䱬޾ö˶û
ͣ˺۵ӰѪ
ô㣡ʱ㻹ľͻȻҲ˻鴤
ȻȥҽԺܿűӰס
 
 
ͮΪŮǰҪæЩܿΪǱ֮ҲܰӣǸֲ˵ĶֻżһΡ 
ųڽϣͣһ£͸һһǼӿ쳵٣ 
˦ˡһһȣ 
ˣ˳Ҫʲô 
ͮǲˣʲôҪǮ𣿣 
ҲҪֻúùӣ 
ҸͲϲ㣡 
ǣʲôǲͬ·ϵˣ 
֪䲻㣬Ҳһ˸ӣ 
ң 
˵㻳˾ͲΪ㵽ؿ㼸Ҳûҵ˵㻹 
Ҹҵĺɷ޹أ 
ԭˣ 
ǵģûϲ㣡 
Ǻҿ 
룡ͮȥںš 
ҽԺ£ûʲô⣬ķˣҽӰ˵ҽ˵˼׼ 
ֵ˿֢ھ񼲲ôרҵľԺơ 
ֲʲô֢״Ӱʣǲܼ˷ܣ˷ܵ˼ͻþпˣ 




뿪֮


ôˣǱ֮ͮƺ£ûʲôְֻΪʲôһѣǰ˶ǼҵӦùģļҵҲֵ˶Ǯ׼ҴѹɷȫתøңǱ֮Ů˵ݶһ˳̳ǳ̼Ҿһӣǰȥס粻ס𣿡
˷ֻסǣⶰӾ˰ɡ
ҲԺסĴͮ¶΢Ц
֮еĳ̼˶ס
裬Ķȥͮ˾µĴ磬Һͽ̫̫ԼһԷ֮㣡
Ҳȥͮ⡣
ĸصˣ֮Ůڹⳤġ裬ôҵĻ¸𣿡ܲǼûһӣ̳ɵǳ̼ҶˣҪİ¼ӡ
̫̫簡Ů˵̫̫λǷƷСɣ
ǵġ̫̫ãƯ´š
ôΪĳ֮ϰɣƷߵǰ
ڹⳤһҲ֮ű˵С
ǴҶ̫̫кţǼҾƵô󡭡̫̫ĽѲţ˶ѡ
֮˵СҪģƷʣǡ
Щ޹ʹĻ
֮ƷƳȥߣƶԶ˵֪
ÿôĹ˾ǲ򵥣Ʒ˵Ƶ겻ҵֵܵģ
ʲôǸƭӣƷ˵ƭʲôˣ
ƭɫƭҵʱ䣡
ϵƭͷɣ߾ߣ
ӰһؼңҲҪȥԺѵĺܣľţҽ˵Ҫơ
ҪؼûʲôȥҽӰתȥ
Ҳûʲô󰭣ǲһҪ֪
Ȼľ˵ҸԺ
ܣˡ֣ܳԴӰΪǼǰġ
ȥɣȻľֲˡӰ˵ǺðɣԷ
裬Ļī˵ܵĸߣŮã
ߣǻؼңӰŶīȥ
ְ֣ǵԷȥԡǡ
Ҹû˿ͷģ
 
 
ľӰˣֻĶű⿴ 
ĳĳƵ㣡 
Ҳȥģİɣ˹ȥ 
ľ㻻·𣿡Ӱڿﺰˡ 
߰ɣ 
ڶľ͵ҽԺϰ 
ҽ㿴ҵĺӶһֱá 
ſ 
ûʲô⣡лл㣡 
Ůӱźվʱӵİְֽˡ 
û°ɣ˵ſŮӵͷȥӡ 
ôôܡ 
ܸľԼûйЩŮ˻**ˡ 
ôįʹ࡭ 
·ǸӰףһŮܡ 
֣Ҵ**ˣľͻȻʧˡ 




뿪֮


ӰļͻȻҽԺ绰Ͻȥ
СʱŪʲô£ᡣ
ӾϽȥƣ׺Ժϰ࣡Ժ˵Բף
˵زأǱǸӰ׶ܺ˵˵ƤҽôᾫʧŮӲ⡣
㣡㺦ģľǻؼңˣԹԵظȥˡ
ڳ˯һľеôˣҪҴȥԺͣӰΪʲôҪȥղŷ㶼ǵˣ㲻Ҫ˵ûʲô
һҪúƣܼᶨٲͣҿˣúãɲٷʲôˡһؼҺòãĻҪ͵ĵط
ðɣҽԺİ㲻ˣҴӦ㣡
һ缲ŮһӣѵϱҪ
ΪľͬסԺֻøһķָŮһʦ
ķʮͦϵŮӣ˿ȥʵн˵ʮ˺о飬нʦҲнҵġȼüֻ֮ˣӰҲڹ˾ϰˡ
֮ڼ˼˽ܵķƷƺܲ⣬ԾɥšС㣬һؼɺܺóԵģϤתͷȥһУȡ
㲻뿪𣿡ʵﶼûߣĺ𣿡ԡЩôˣˣĸ
Ұ㺦ѧУҲˣͷأ˾ڼҴôأҲûʲôĶܺöҺ۰죡
̯ȥðɣ
 
 
صô磡һŮ˺кǵģ֮ǸŮ˺Ϥɩ֮ 
Ǳ֮ǰްᣬˣͷĵܵΪǼ»Ҫһꡣ 
Ҷ֮ͣˬ˵ˣһҪɣ 
ðɣʱپۣ 
һһªķӣﴫڳԲǰŴ򿪣ÿ춼ģܺ棬ܲģ 
СáԹԡͣк̧ͷٺ٣УŷǳѹѧУǮͿգô;Ͳڼ 
裬裡СŮĵعˡ죡֮˺ӣСŮãƯСװӻȥôĿࡱͳ˼ԪǮ 
ǸʲôգúÿֽҪ˹ȥǳ̼Ƿģ㲻ҪҸѹˣ 
֮ôģ̫̫˵Ʒƾܾˣĸ׵绰֣ǼҵǮҪ˵ˣһŮڿȥ裡Ҫ˼ҵȾˡ 





뿪֮


ֻӲͷƤȥˣܲζ
ܰЩʲôأ磬ûоӪƵ꣬ĹȨǱ֮ĻͻȻڶߣȻʱûͬĺҪǮ
Ƶ꣬磬Ҳ֪ʲôԭıע⣬һǺܸˣ
ˣҲûҪȨֻǮǮŶƵ̫ãҪмٿȥ
ˣ֪˼֮ת뿪
ʱǸŮ˲źأڿŮ
ãˣŮؿ֪ҵ೤ʱ䣿
ʱЩ£ֻû߾뿴㵽֮˼ҼȻô϶ûϷˡ㻹ˣһεΪ㲢ûзͻȻøˣҽһСѧʦ֪㴴ѧУȹŮˣҺܳ㣡
һǸʧߣ˵Ů˷ǳʹڶҪɱ㶼ԭ֮ŮΪʲô֪ô࣬Ǹʺɷˣһ𲻻ܵ˺
ˣŮԼȥ
ϲְ֮ʵҲǶ˵Ŀ飬Ϊϲ֡˵ҿܻ˵𣿡
֮ȴͮһһǸ˱ݺܿĵӡ
㿴ʲôȥһҸ𣿡֪
Ҳһģ˵֣㻹֪ʲô̽ǲҲΪҵǮ֪һܺõ˾㹻ˣŮ¶Ҹ΢ЦΪǮҲûȥȢ˭ˣ
 
 
úõȴ꣬Ϊûдɡֻܰܡ 
ˣ֣֮ȴ˦ƴȵң 
ԽһһطͣвС̷һŮæҵʰţҰ㣡֮ź˴ɡ 
Ҳض˵Ůѣһˣǵģлл㣡 
Ҷһ֮ߺˣ߰ɣطʺϣҪһˣ 
Ƕ߰ɣĲҪæ˵ٲҪˣ 
㡭㡭һкĵܹôˣϽܹȥӣӣһͷأо÷ܻ˼ң֮׷˳ȥҲȥ⿴̯ӣ˵ 
ӣӣԴһƬհס 





뿪֮


ԽԽһ·ɱңﻹкӡ
㲻ϵ𣿡֮ϵߵʱˣ죡ٴγ

㿴һСŮ𣿡ûУڼеȴһˡ
㡭졭㡭
ôߵģС̽ͷغȻ＾껹Ǻܴ·ϵ˲ǵߺģ
ͱ߱߿ޣǶȥˣԼ׷飬ҡô죿
ȻһˮＱٶУûзʶײˣѪ˳ˮţɶﳤȥ
ڲԶһĻˣ
Ӱеľͷһ¸Ͻ绰֮
ͣ˺ѷεؿţվһ߿һֱ硭
ˣǸȥСӵĿ죡غţĺӰһϴү·ϼ𵽵ġ˵ҵĺӣ˻
죬˾ȥԶԶĵطˡԺֻЩĻ֮ѹÿ춼
ͬʱı綼ǳ̼ģǰǷҪһС
裬Ůϣǳȫһ֮ĸǰ˭ǿƾϲţ
ʲô뿪𣿡ûķǳҪչһӣᶨ˵̻ɫְֲ࣬ҪŮôʰȥˣַ裬Ϊְ˼Һôң̻ϴ
ͮһ⼸ʼ񲻶ҪǰϽˡһ绰һս
ôҾˣ֮һǱ֮ѹȨҪǮ

һ¥İ칫ŮڹȰӰףǰ;Ժһ˵ô죿˲ģεЦЦ֪һ޷ģӰһúеһʱ˵ɡһѿҽԺǣڿɣ
Ӱ׻صҿŮҵʦһ߸˰ȴûзľǸķ
īأͰ̳ȥˣ
ǻˣľţȥ㿴˺öණһжԣ̫̫˶أķæ˵ţʦҲлл㣡ʦܿ
һӰ׾ȴһ⣬Ǿĳڹ˾˼ıķȥʣӰͻȻˡ
е˼ľڼ͸ʦӵ绰Ͻȥ
Ӱˣ֪ŮǸҲˣͥʦְ֣ÿ£һҪŮץס֣ˣһҪȥԺ
ҲȥҪߣ˵ͻȻǰҲ뿪뿪Ů棬ðɣˣķӽԺڷ
˵㲻ܹһӰɣܺӰڲںܵīҪһܺõĻ
Ӧúľһ衱īѾ뿪չī𣿡ˣ㿪Ц
ûԭôõĵλΪʲôҪְΪϲ㣬ǰĽīеİȥɣ
мҵˣҪչľһӲģƽ˵ΪʲôͲܽң
Ӧиõ˵Ҷܶ
Ļܸʲô飿飿
ô˵һҪҪǵһ棬ŮԸ
Ҳȥ𣿡ʵǵģҵӵȻҪȥǰҶԲԺҪúò
ãˣ뿪
֮
ľĲҽԺһӵõ˿ƣǳȥˡ
ְ֣ˮǲǺһǵģŮīһϲ󺣡
ӰڽʯϣѹѹȺǵǺˮԡæļڡ
ְ֣ͷҵһīָһСŮͷ͸ʯ۾һűޡ
 
 
ȻһӣܺΪ𣿡īغ˼Ҵк 
һֱʵֵûˣī뿪ȫûˡ 
ûСɱˣӰľ˵ĻܳԾΪʲôīľẦ£ѵһҪŪ˭ī 
ѵڷʱʧֵ𣿣ÿε붼ʾְ֣֭Զסк𣿡īһͷ׷˳ȥ裬㿴ҲһӣһСкָðӰײ˼ĴӦˣŮҪǲľܾġ 
һ˴ź磬ľ̲ľƵʱķһ·˴δķҲΪչľ 
ȥɣǣķԸ뿪𣿡Ӱ֪ķֻظľеģԺĻҾͿ㣡 
ǣϰҲˣųˡ 
ľīô죿ѵŮɱ𣿡Ӱһֱţ֪Լ²Բԣ 
īΪľҵס 
ǵһڴѧʱյһţ˵ϲϲļϴź硭ϲְ 
ûдһκİ׾ơ 
һӾǺʱֲͬŮȻȥʿ١ 
֪һҲ˸һУ 
ʲôʲôˣƤʣ˭ˣǰǲǻˣ 
ҿҪһΣĴؿ 
۾ 
ԽȵľԽ࣬ҡҡλλȥˡ 
һŮ˰˽ȥ 
ϡǵġҺ㡭 
ڶһô⣿ 




뿪֮


ѵʱֵľ˲ѵǱŮ𣿡۾ɣ֪һֱһŮ˵֣û뵽һ˶˵
ûУȶˣ͵ӣһʱҸһߣ
ȻһξͲҪŪĲģ߳ȥ֣ɷҪһһǵģľȥ
һͧĺܿЩī˵ְ֣Ҫһӣ
Ӱ˵ҪͬѧǰܲĿͻ̫̫ҿܶܺ𣿡ķľģǵģиҺܲģ
ҿĺǲᱻ˹ߵģܱ֤ԺúöÿǮǰ׸ģ֪̫̫
һܺǻȥ

˵ʲôֱܼԼĶ䣬˰ɣûУҾѹ˾˵һ֡
˾ѾʼӮˣ˵Ůϲҵҵ뽨жΪŮҲͬ⣡˵Ѿˣ
Ӱ治ﶼʲôôǰ;ľֳ˿˾ڹ˾ѾϹǵĸѾлرˣȴҪΪŮһ仰ȥȥ޵ôô㣡
ԲЩȷΪ˹˾ܶ࣬һһǮԺúõ
̫ʧˣҪصĸҲܲڣ
Ӱ׵ľȫ˾˶ֻ֧֣źܿοΪ˸Ůõ𲽡
ǵ䳰Уº˹˾û׷һˡ
Ҫ˰һѩȥĹҪī𡭡
ĹغܾûһˣŰİѩһţԶ󿴼һŮվīĹǰ
 
 
˭أҪӽʱŮƺ뿪ˣоŮӺīȴһűīҪ 
֪īǰжٸѡ 
ī˭ɱһҪŪҲҪΪŮҪ֧ңҵһжԺľΪҵŮ֪īڲ϶ʱ˵ԸҲá 
𣿡ӰʯңҪοīΨһˡ 
㣿ʲôʯܲӭ˼㣡ݣһͷӲҪ˿߰ɣƺ͵˼ôԭīĹøġ 
ЩǮТ㣡 
ȥ˷ǳߵذǮˤ˵ϣôˣ˼ң 
ī㺦ģҪôԲҲû뵽Ľ˲̣ 
ߣҪ壡Ӱת뿪Լоһ˿ 



뵺


ȻߵЩѣǵ䳰ȷУ˵һЩ⡣
ȥ˵ҲԼ˶壬ǹ϶뿪ˣְ֣̫ˣŮһ£ī΢ЦԼĺֵ
µæµںһȻֹһ֣˼Ϥ󺣵Ĵ
һȥԶ㣬ջ񻹿Կڻ·ȴЩ˼ҰеﻹǹǱס˿ǻȴϴһգӰ״˿̲֪Լľ׶Բԡ
һ˹һƶ㣡һԱ˵ҪСģӰûмЩ֪룬ֻԽԽ֪ʲô
ЩѾȡˣǼһһҲˡңӰ׽ӹһӣ¿ɺû浽ԼקˮˣǼһЩ˷ܵһ£ʳڵˡ
ϰ壡һЩˮԺõĴԱϽȥˮǸϣֻҪһͻͷѣûˣīûûŮ
ǺвǼһ￴ԼʳôѳЩߣþҧסΪû뵽Դһӣǳɹؾ
ľϵ˾˵ð̫˾Ͳûȥˣҿǻȥɣֻһʼѣ
ܽѵѯ˲ŪĺûЩԶϰѧϰһЩӣһγֻҪԼðٴҲοġ
ձĸۿжһλϰ壬ȥ˺ܶաһԺӰ׵Ϊ˲ǮںΪһϰ塣
 
 
˴ι˲ĻҸľһɷܿģø˼ʹðȴܳ漣 
úúһȣӰΪӵһ׾ƣһЩ¶ȹӣЩ˷ΪûԼ 
ɱӰһãȻܺȿȴܲȣ㣡ٺȣһεơ 
һһһˣӰףҡ㡭ǲٺȣһ 
Һ㡭һ߾Ǻܳʱ䡭Ǻþû 
ңī˭ģͻȻץס֣ʲôҲ֪īǲ㺦ģҡļ磬ɱˡʲôɱˡ˭ɱˣľ㣬Ϊʲôҹ˵ûɱ㣿ҵô£ƴҡԴҲ֪ûɱûСûС˵˵ž˯ˡ 
㲻Ҫ˯ǲ㣿ī˭ģӰ̱ڵϡ 




Ƿ粨


ǲңӰóīƬ֪Ⱳˣľ૵˵š
һγˡ
ľѹʱоɷʼԼˣĴһӰ֪ͳ׵ʧȥҡ
̫̫㡣ķ˭أûʶˣɣ뿴㣿㵽ʲôһĵŮӳǰŮüͷϵĺӶˣ
ôӭңЦҿɼ㣬㿴ĽָԼͷϵСǼѾȥˣľЩţȥֻҪȥ͵Σģ㲻Ҫˣ
ԷһƬհף׷¡ʲôܷѽ⣬Ȱģ룡
֪Ϲ㻹𣿡´ܿɱҹ
Ҹ㿴һƬǰӰ׺Ƭֵвġ
ҪģŮˣۺʱᰮģ˵Ҳţһ֤㿴ģ˵ﳤȥ
ģѾ˱ŮˡѾˡľԺ￪ʼֻþиŮ˺ɷһ𡭡
꾫꾫ɱ㣡ɱԺɷһ˵ģ
̫̫ڸʲôķľһѵֹţ㣬㣡ѵ׼ķ̫̫ôǸϽܿɱ㣡ľ׷ţܲˣ
ķܱߺ·ϳֲΧ۵ˣһƴһƴ׷
ǼĵľƷˣס飬Ȼµģֻˣķŵ˵̫̫Բ𣬲Ҫң
ҪҪȥľÿ춼ţ裬Էˡīʳ͵ĸǰֻǼҵıķôң裬ۣŮͷץסīҳȥƴҡţīʱ۵ֱᡣԺȥˣѾһˡ
Ӱ׳ʱҲȽϳ¹Żķ˵Ȼǵ
 
 
û뵽ľĲˣҲǾһŻһķǶ֪ŮһӣûԸ⵽¡ 
ְλŮɳ̲ʵְֵĴһСϲزˡ϶ʲôīش۾ɳɳɳɳΪǺˣľ۶ˣҲˡҰִϷµʱ򣬷üëǲɫġ 
˵ʲôô˹̺ãСīòĺ費һ 
ô⣿Ӱ׺ܳԾ羰Զڴˣûе⣿ûУ 
ҾסⲻԶһȥɣˣŮؼҰ軹أӰŮ֣ܣʱĿ𣿡ðɣ 
ӰʧҲķʱȴһˡ 
㣿ؿžʮҵŮӺױܵţ¶ޣһֹŵŮԵ 
ҲںֻҪʸ߾УŮֱӵ˵Լ뷨ԵģŮĪĸо 
ôƺ㣿΢Цʣҽ֣ 




޷ĳ


ӦԼһҿˣܣ֮ûΪ뿴ĺþͳ׷ʵ֤Ĳã㲻˺𣿡
ϾҵΣӰƺᶨر̬īڵʱô˵һҾǣҲĿֲҾҵ
УΣյʺŮӣҲںֻҪֵҾͻߣҲһԼһᣡȻץס֣Ӱ׿˿ʵڲˣұʮ껹࣬Ǹʣϲ㣡֣֪鲻ǵģ
ҴС׾ȥˣĸ׸ļȻǸ˶һҲܽһΪǰְһ˵ģƾӵ˹⣬Ҽǣĸ׾Ͱи常չˡ常һʮǸºˣΪŮѶȥһֱҡϴѧԶ뿪ˡ۾ģӦֽ߳ҲԼͱˣҵ常ȴΪҷһҸÿÿ˵ҸһΣӰ׵Цţ
ͥһǸʼûнǸһˣ˵ıˣԨ̳һ仰ǣⱲ˾ͥޡЩ˽⣬ҲҪ㣡ͽңУǿһŮԻ١
Ӱ׼ԺŮеŴ޷ͥǰİڼͥŷģǲܵġ
صңī͵ְǰҧ̵ְˡӰ׸Ͻȥû뵽ľĲôأһֱŵţſңǿľڴϣ֫ҴƵĴţܡķæ˵ղſ°ĭҰķˡ֣淢Ѫûʲô
ȥһ°ɡáȥˡ
ܾܲһ£Ӱ׽е㣿ǿȥ飡ľ˵ЩĪĻѾ㲻ҪвУԣҿһŮҪ飡˫˳ҷҵϺۡãҪ뿪ӡȫģľİӰЩǽӡ
 
 
߸ս꣬ľӰӰװʲôſŮƺߣ 
¾ͰˣҸӦôﲻȻ˰ܵģҿûСŦۣľɷ𣿡ûбǸŮˣңȻҴȥҽԺҪҲȥ 
㿴öڿץţǷˡ˵Ŵ**ųȥ׷ˡ 
˰Ӱ״ţҲ֪ôȴûлӦ˰˰˶ȣְְ֣ôˣī˹˭㣿һķأؼˡؼң˭ؼҵġҲ֪ܲһͻġҽ⿪ӱϾСðŪã𣿡ûаڼңȥңѸˡ 
㲻ҪҪץסȻľ·ţɵ·кܶ೵Ǻȴ˹ȥ 
һɫС˹ľȥϵŮԴһˣ˲俴˱ײˡ˳ҵͷʹľеǺءæ˵ҵĳɣľһ˹ȥ 



ҵòҲò


ƺЩ⣬ȫѹ
ԺúôţľӽϷʼˡڵһ¶Цݡ
ӰһҲûҵ˰ڵǴ˶֪һʮŮӲˣ˭Ҫҵͻõ͡
Ӧְ֪ʲôô뿪ѵⱣķԲ𡱡ˣںúչī£
ӰѰĴѯʣ𣿡ûС
ˡϢһ֪ͨ㣡ƣţ춼ûϢܶ²ܡȻȴϣƽܣһŮ˵ܡû
ôҿ׶༪ˡ㲻æҾˣؼһ仰Ҳֻûѡ޾ɵţѰʾɢһء
Ů˴Ӱ׻㣡ܻȥץסľͷŮһŰϾԽԽҡ
ҸⱲͱɷˣһһһվ㿴ڵ磡Ҫ㣡ľضĶͷס죡¶졣
صŪһļЩȡܳ裬ټķӾһЩį־ڲŮϲӣʱж̼ñŮŪһȣˬһء
һ˿ҵڼԼζֻ
 
 
ӰŮķ俴ķֲڣȥȴĵ߳š 
ʲô˵飡ظţ˵ﻰҪӡ󻹲ƾΪÿˡ 
˲ʱ䣬ŮƵһǰǺͨķЩ䡣 
ĳԿ״ȻȥˣҲ˳Žȥˡ 
ȥʱǱķȴˣеһλ㲵̡Ȼ˱ҪŪ˽ 
˭˾е֪Сʲô˼ƺˣֲ֪˵ˡǸʵÿ첻ܣ 
Ӱһŵֱ׳˵˵Ҿͽԣ˺ܽš 





ԭ


ھҪӰߵˣϰûйͻȻ㣿֪Ǻˣ
˵ķһ˳ȥƣ۾΢죬ҵɷ˲֮˵뿪뿪ҲңҲͻȻȥҲÿܻǷ񰲺ãˣԭ͵͵뿪Ǻʧȥˡ
壬ÿһΰɣְֺҪһСŮԼŮ£ûаͷȴ˵
Զİְߺ𣿡οţУΪ㹤ûǮְֻ뿪ǸģСŮѾ棬ڳ޲ݡ
ԣȥ˯ҪϰˡֱķѺӽˡ
Ҳ֪ȥ·ܱǸҲã̫̫ʧûоΡķΡ
صңķīķ䡣裡裡СŮӱ£裡ͻȻֱץסߣӰ׿һʮֵᡣ
ڳûиǽԱǶˣӵ˲ˣӰ״˵ұһһ
㣡ܴʱϵˣðɡҪ֡
һʮ̫̫˵˵ʱһʮŮѹԼ··ɵЦǳͷǶͷӰʵԳͷһ¿϶ػص˼ؼںúһɣҵͽأҪ֤ʵġҶôǮʲôƭӣߺߵġ
˵˵ɣѯһˣӺܸɱЩҡˣһܣ
㲻ſɣŮӣŮͷĿͿӾЩ⣬ҪҵˣܰԾúЦͲǡ
˵ʲôƴҡŮӣҡˡŮӺ˵һ䣬˵ȥռԣп˵š
ˣҲҪܼЦȥɱˣǣӻ֡һе
 
 
һ춼Щ޹ʹϢܣһЩ춼ûϢˣͱ𱧻ˣЩʱ˵ǰǰĲġ 
ûδֻйȥĻллæˡðɣúɲҪ˷ڲҪϣ 
Ǻѻ˵ӰôĶīǶľͷѽˣ 
ЩЩǱڻصݸ裬Ȼһ˿ҵǲ 
ֲԶһ˫Լ۾ŷԼǹشˡǸϽеĴòŷģ 
ڶ꣬ҵŮơҸźɲıķһô죬ü޵øľ򼸼·ǷѾԼŪһͷˡ 
ÿȥͻȻһЩ͵˹С㣬Ҫķ𣿡Ҫûػش𣬡С㣬ҿźǳ⣡ 
⣿ô⣿˵Ҿ˵ҳưҾͳưͣ𣿡ͻȻȤˣҾҪһưͣ 





ʧֻ


ǹӶλ̣ľ鶼һʼʱһŵӲһ仰
һΰ¹ȥˣӰ׸÷Ҫжˡ
һæҵĸĸ¸Ҫˣ׼Ҵȥϲй˵Ѱ𣿡ţȥ˵ôƭأòףֻǰ˵һĻԣһҾԺ󲻻ٷˣ⡭ԥûֻ㣬Ұɣ
ðɣһΰˡ
ȥ·ܺܿģҪˡ
ôҵأڼѵⱣķСֻźҵǸˣ̲Ųæ˵ҹӶҵϻСʲôˣҳȥԣ
һ˹䵽ưɺЩͬԵһᣬȻ󶫵ػȥˡȻŴ󵨿Щǿ۵ģԺǷʲôǾᰮǡӰףѾҪġ
С㣬һ̣һ˴ӳͷݱС㣬ûţ㿴Ҫˣ˵Σյģ˴ӳ˳ҲҪ߿ûҶŵģռˣ
ƭӣǲҪѡҹȥˡЦţҴ绰С㣬˵ӸϽ˵סĵطҶģ˾û˵ѻðɸӣ
˹ͻؼңС˯һᣬѵʱһ
ԭԼֻˣֻһֿܾ˵ĳˣʵֻ۹ؼֻԼգҪǱǸ˿˾ˣǸϽֻ˽ˣ˵ֻȥá
˵ĵַ˼ңš
淢ԵЩӵؽȥȴûзˣŴϡ
Ŵϣ˵һ飬ܵᵽɤˣҲֻң
⣬ðɡ˳һң˰￴**¶ļ⣬һĽǶ̿㡣
 
 
ҵֻأվ⣬ѵھӽһɡҲģô㲻һǰŮֻƬ˷ܣ 
åңţоԼ˼ҿ⣡ 
㲻ʵķ羰ѱ˵شǰŷǸλðԼҿǴεĿӾˡ 
㡭޷˵һľֻԼԲС㣬Ҳǹġ 
ƽţҪİæҸʮ㣡˲˼ 
ǰҰһţǾһ𡣿ǺϹˣ͹ҵһ˺ݺݵزһźͲˣֱ⿴ڼӣҸоԼκ 
޳ܣ̫ɣûֻˡ 
ԺڼҶǰѴصʵʵ 
һĵ绰˽Ǹ˵ĵ绰С㣬𣿡һս 




С״


ȥɣҪҵ绰ƬҿбŶ㣿޳ܣåİֻˤ˵ϡ
С㣬Ů˿°ĭҿˣ˻ŵһͺõģҿĲˣɫţҿңֻľڵڳʱ䲻˺ܲ԰ףԭĶ̷Ѿҵĳ˿ȥͺĳȦĶ
Ȼ֪ľﲡΣŮɫϺЩ١ιôˣýŴС㣬ٲҽԺͻģ
ãȥ
ͱķһļ̌ϳҽԺʻȥ
ôæʴӼҳҽĲܸҪסԺơҽֵô̶ֳȲûлش
ľתҪҸβЦϵʱľ´صҡ
ԺСչ˾ˡķȥһˡ
˲ʮܹ꣬Ůˡ
һһǮҪԼĺܸ߹󣬼סҽÿһ仰֪ˣСһġ¶һǮҲ㡣Ůӵ˵ġ
һƵĳܣҵ衣ããŮ˵㣬һ˲ŰǺܷģΪľһֱûҲҪʬסҪȴӦŲԸء
ŮСͲǷܶࡣŮ˵ĻȻһԵܺ⣬˵ϲ㣬ҺܸŮɼˣôûһӰ׸о֣Ϊ˵ְֺһģæŮЩţԣ㹻ˡһԲʱܶ̾ǰһҪǵĻˡʲôӰ״˵Ůһҡû˵ɣĲһţԲ𣡡
Ӱ׾ú֣ܣں˵㣬Ϊϣһ𣡡ԣǽҾͰˣ
 
 
ĸҵʱɡûʱˣҵȲˣŮ̲䣬ҸǶӡôҲͬΪӵˣӰײʲô㣿Ů˵ɴ۾֪ҵôˡģŮ˺ܻɣġ 
ε۲û¶ܸŮǮӴԶˡ 
ӰײûЩϸڣˡϴμԱ籩˼ˡЩ˵ļˡ 
캰صΧ˲ˣŰײŻȦһЩСĺӡ 
 
ллĶºܳһŬҲǸ㶯 
 



ı


Ӱ׹õֳˣҪЩѼһ
Բ𣡡˫һǲһЩΧҪ֣侲**ʹ㣡һСӴͷʼˡ
˿̵ûзûжԼóһУ
ס֣ͻȻһŮӴģ́ͷһּˡ
ǰͬҪ۵ģǵĺӾͲΪǺúһһúòǵģ
мͣˣôС˵ͬʱдͣ֡
һġʱӰѾףܣôķְֹ֡ѾûǲҪٴҰְֺ𣿡īİҾԼЩˣ׷׵ͷ
ӰóеĻͬʱⶰӹһСͨӣŰЩ⳥塣
С㣬߰ѾûǮӶˣε˵Ҳְߣīرס˱ķǸȷŮѾˣҲҲҪ㹤ʣּ˵ţ΢΢۾ǡ
ɷҪǮΪѣ㻹߰ɣְ֣ˣŮǰ㲻ҪߣʱıķѾˡ
ã㷴ʱ뿪Ҳ۾ˡ
ôС㣿ֽӵ˵ĵ绰ԥһԴӰ׳һֱΨһҪľǮҽзǸ̾ƲռĺˣԼ
ֻβŮѣڵ绰ǿãܺãǱߺ˷ܣҪ򣡡˵ôࣿãҪҵҪҴӦ
 
 
õ򣬾ͼææҵӰףһǮõˣ⡭Ҫԥҵ½΢ЦڹУҲǮǾܾˣôôִ 
Ӱȴһµ뷨ǰֳΣտǽԼĺƷӹҵûжˣұ󻹸ߡΪʽȱֻˣǿ˼Ҵ㹤ãֵǼĶԽԽࡣ 
ʳ׺ͼԲ꣬ĽְѼҴôã 
ˣ㲻Ǹˣһͨһλ˵ţѾΣˣΪģ 
֪Ҳ뿪ǣǲ㻹ûǸˣǵģץסϵһɱ˵֣Զӣ 
ҪˣӺúչ˰ְ֣һСŮ˵ͳȥˣӣҲҪȥǼˣʲô绰ǡСŮ˵ͷ 
С㣬һƿϰɣȵں㣿̫ˣԭڰԼ 




Ϊδ


Ӱ׿ںСܲζҪƾʲôҪķмĺˣ׷ʱѹȥˡ
ҪʲôʲôҪ̧ͷôɡ
㲻ôԺԲҼȥˣת
һķ񿴣Ӱ㲻㣡ԶܷǣҪ׷Ӱֻˡ
ڵҼ㣡Ǹз˴һɣڱ㣡ھѸȥˡ
壬š
ʲôʲô˵㡣еɳϣЦţԱߣִļȻ§
ϸ뵽ǰǸҲĵġ
Ҫң͵ƿˣҿߵҵǮĮ˵ȻβӦúúϲˣ
ЩǮӰһĳ롱뵽޹˼ɵĻ
ڲҸоˡƿҪȣ·ѹҪ۾
⡭
ⲻǵһΰɡ
ðɡҧӦţ
һһȥ·ͭչ¶ɡ
ڲͣ㣬㲻ģеЩֻԼ¶ġЩҲģ
ǰ˻޲ڡ
󣬷˵ֻҪκͲپˣҪһŮӺúð
 
 
ҲˣвɡȥҵӰס 
ܣ˲лҪ˵Ҫˣĸʲô£ʡ 
绰ͨӰɣݹֻӰףܵΪ㷢ЩҺѹұҵ˾֢ҵŮͽˣϣúôӦҺǸϽ顣޵ 
绰ұˣôأĸӦң𣿡һɾܾ𣬡ðɣֻܴӦˣлллл 
ܵ¶ЦݣһǮױҰϣ㶫ɽ 
ӣȵ˵ҪƭԼˣΪŮһúðѼŪĺܰ֡ 
ĲܹˣŮΪԼ̫ˣԼΣѵʱ򶼲벻˵Ƕɣ 
ʲôֱԼĶ䡣 
ǱǮһŮ֪ºܲġ 
ȻҵıķһŮҪģֻѡ 




Ҹ


ӰھȢܵһɱֻ벹ΪĶʧȥˡ
ƷӹҵѾʼתˣ˾𲽡ֻܺص˹ȥֻβͬѾδˣӰ׿ͻؼңǵӰ¥һƬ
¶Ļɴڴͷһ޸ԼˣҸֱ޷⡣
ҹʮԺнŲпһ˴ĵؽˡЩͷɢӲıķѵǹԼѪҺҪˡ
ֻŮؿˣѵбӦˡԼ϶ûˣŮӲû˺ͷߵĻɴﻹŸ衣
˯ˣû뵽ʱһĻɴһһģǰѱķС㣬ûпʲô˰㿴𣿡ˡҷűˣãУȥһľ档ٺ١ɵЦѾ׷ˡ
̫ô£ûйǮܴеС㣬һԭҰɣ´ˣ´Σ
ŮϲҪӹʡӰ׶ֱķ˵ллƽػش𣬡һˣͻȻ˵𣿡Щ֪룬Ѿˡ㻹ɣһֱһԸ˵֣ϰҪʲôϽȥ
īһֱϣԸ𣿡ҡЩ
ֵߣӰ׾ԼҪȢڶŮˣҪīһֳòĶ
īһֱϲ󺣡һ𡭡
С㣬ں㣡ֻܵͨҾںߵľƵҪδǣ˴Цʲôδ򣬻ûнͺͱŮ˹ˣܣţ¥ϵĴϿأ˵ŭߣ
߹ȻӰ׺һŮһ𣬶ŮĲǱǼҵıķôһѵˣѵһķ硣ܵ׼ȥȴԼ侲
óֻӰںߡȥ㣡ãھƵ㡣
 
 
һȴŮӾȻӰһ𣬡ʲô 
ӰȥӭС㡱 
ҵСķôһˡĻЩ̱ġ 
Ҫ֪֪ô˵أīϲģʵһֱϣְȢְ̣ܲϲ˵ŮرͷϵСǹ 
𣿡ܾǺԸƧٺ˵û뵽ķϲܲƽ⡣ 
ȥһˡ뿪 
ʱ䲻һС㣬λСȥһ²ˡֲ⣬ȥɣӰ˵ 
˳ŸоЩϢС㣬һӵסȥ· 








ּһİߵסԼȥ·ЩţʲôˣС㣬ûҪ˺㣡ЦţֻȥصǸߡΪʲôûΪʲôûпǸ˲δޣҷ㿴Щر𣡡˵о˼ôԶ쵽ģΪԼĻûĶǰˡ
Щȴ֪ʲôԭһ䴦ͻȻһЩӭܵס
ˣڵϴΪһոȵˮϡôܶſе˰
С㣬ô£Աͱˣ֣ôˣӰ׿ʹӺѹȻӰҲǹģû
Ŀϰɿϧʧˣסǵʧˣ߿ҵġһѰ䡣
ҲܲȥЩżҵĲַκ˵ɣȻ͵ذ§
ҽԺô˵ôػöϣҽ߲鿴˵ֻʹţ£ûµģӰץס֣ԼŶչ˲ãһԵŮҽЩΡ
֮ڵˮӰףˣܸ˼ҽԺҵ㡣
ôˣʵһ˸㳢һСľʹˡԲ¶Ҫǲͺˣû˵֪òȥ㰮˰һסԺһʿӰ˵
ʲôˣܵɴ۾ˣ߳ŭ
Ӱ׹˾ȥæɣչͻȻº͵˵лл㣡
Ȿɵġˡ
ܹţ˿ϵ֣֪ҵһķ****Ϲ
ûУôҺСأ˵ţףǣ֪֮ϧΪѾɷ֪ˣڡ
ʲôֻһ˵ʲôˣǸҪҲ֪ûֻ˵Ұˣ̫ˣͷ߳
򳵻ص
ŮˣСŮְôˣܲã
 
 
䣬㻹֪ͻȻվ׼־⣬ΪʲôҪԴˣ 
ǵġǵġţ˵ƶţûб㣡ץס֣ҡ 
ȥСǣү˿ֵЩȣϡûʲôᡣ 
ûƭҡ˵ģûУǺãǰҡңһ㶣㲻ͬ𣿡岻˵ûǮܰᵽȥءǡ 
֪㲻ʲôԺҲȥ˾ڼ㡭 
ãʹôˣ 
ˣ˭ɵģЩңһ𣬡ǣ 
С㣿ϸ˾ȵ㣿û뵽ԼıķԭԼһˡ 
뺦ģϸЩŭӲңϵɵģСģ 
׵Ů˽⡱ʲôûʲô㲻˺Ҿ͸㱣ܣ㣿 








ֻصҽԺҪչ
ҡ촽⶯ţ㲻ҪͣסǰΪԼΪԸܹ¶֪Ѿˣʼһˡ˵Ļʹġ
Բ𣡶Բ𣡡ᣬҪֻҪһһҾ㱳µɱ
֣ôˣӰŽҿԱߡ
ϰǼҷɷЩ˵Ŷ֪ˣЩ֪վǼҵıķΣŪĻԺֲȥǼˣ
ǵģֲǺ벻㣡㲻ǸôǼҷˣ˺ܷŭãȻǵľ
ϵʱܵļڿװûпС㣬ǮġʲôǮǮЩ̵û뵽Ӷ˵ôӲֻҪһǮҾؿƿ˵
㣿вңվΪ˭𣿡
ǾԵϰ֪ǱܵʱǵĻ㣿Щӣô̫ţҪ٣
ʮ򡱡ûôǮУֲá
ȸٸʣµģãҵš
Ǯ߰ɣ
ڷô˯ţľܳ뾡취
𣿡صɷϴ裬ֻҪҩԼȥ뵽ҽ˵Ļ
֪ĲԸ뿪㣬ŵȫûеҲУɷҲ뿪ΪҰˣ
֪ף֡
ϴɷߡ
 
 
غŸ費ɷһ˯ˡ 
ʱǵľ¡§ǰңҰǰծ壬ԺҪ͹ȥǸ𣡡 
Ϊһ˵ľЩùĻҲһһĿݽߡ 
ЩβҪǮȴϣֻΪ» 
뵽⣬ֵ۾ѾʪҾӡ 
ǰӵܵض˵Сʲôһ˺棬Ǹʵ𣿡 
ǰ˵İ죡һЩжĶһҪԶطӡõġ˿ʼŲӳҹɫж 
һеϰûˣ¶Цݡ 
ڶĴһ׼Ӱ׵ļס˴˾ʼ׬˲Ǯ 
³׼ȥʱһŮͻȻס·ӰҪȢˣ̧һûȥ 




ҵĶ


Ӱ׼ұ⿴˲Ǳȴǲñ׵ľôûµʵ㵱ȻϣҽͿҵŮˣԭãô񣡡㲻ˣǷҲѵͷԡ
ʲôӰѾȢˣȷԼ£ͦͦٲԼھͽȥҪֹǡ㣿ǸĺľһŮֱȥ
ںǳŭۿԼΪ·ɱһĪŮˣֻĽеӰҳڳļαܳԾŵػ飡
ӰױСסˣһľÿѾ֪ˡ
Բûչ˺㣡ûĵģ׼̧֣ȴһѱ߬סˡ
㻹ҰܵӰûʲôĽѾˡ˵óһűֽһƬһеĽֵ߷һŮѾ졣
ݱֽҵѸոոҼģľӰ׺ѹˣ
㡭㡭ĽֱĵؿһⶩȴζæȰοĽܸϰѾˣ
Ů˰ɣӰ׵Ļû谭ˡ
Ҫչ˺ãӰ˰ĽԷϢôҾõ˶Բס˵Ǹ
ҴʶλѡӰ֣Ƥ⣬ǡûôܵȴһǷ塣ҺϰǺܺõѣЦ֣𣿡ܾԼЦܲȻ
 
 
ԷһűƿС̡īˣӡرסҲϲְȢŮˣ 
˭裿ϸֳ޵Ŀ⣬īҡҡͷԼĺغܲˡҿĽ㣡 
С̣ҺϲְҪҵͺˣ˵ְ˭Ȣֻܺһ𣡡ǳīһԲһΪأ 
Ľ࿴ī֪Ӱ׺۰ŮȻ㱻ĥôӦĥһˣ뵽Ժ˵С̵ģ 
ʽ**ǼΪޣܷ·𿴼СʱһֱˣͬͲϧһд۵չ 
㶩ˣҵĲûȬһ˵ѾҪˣһʱҾ뿪ģ¶Цݣ㻹Ҫһʱ䡣㡭뷴绰ˣֻܵټ̨ȥоɫǳֻȻ󼱼ææسȥ 




ʧĺ


ӵ绰ĺţһǶ
ֹңС㣬ҪֹʹȥˡǮҹٸ㡣¶мı顣
˵ĿѾǵˡЩӣȵĲͷǾͷ֣
һҪǮǼѾҩˣǸǻɹţ˵Ǽ
ôýûǮᶨػصҾҪȥˣ̧һ½Ų
ʲôˣӰ׾Ҫ޳ôĹһء
ϳ˿ܾⲻ˵ĵطһбһߵķ忴֪Ҫʲô֪Ů˿϶ǸһΪ֪£Ǵһȥ
ܿųԼֻİһô˷ԣ޸ΪȥСʱǸ˾ǻģһҪ޸չһӿǡ
Ӱ׳Խ۸һҪš
һĹǰͣС㣬ҴطʲôЩԾؿ˿Ǯ
Ұɣ
ԣ뿪ܱ֤Ĳй¶Ҫʮ򣡡
Ϊ˭ôڣҾͲ뿪㣿ˡ
ãھʹ绰˾ʮ㿪ʻ棡Ȼߴ绰˳
С㣡С㣡˱ˣҲҡһ̲ˡ
Ǻݶĳʲôط
˼ңҴһ̰ɡͻȻһͣǰ
Ӱ˰Ҳûз֣ȥأڽʱĽһƽظ𣬡ĲҲֹģ㽫еĴۣȻͷҲתˡ
Ľ࣡ûлͷ
С̣ī͵͵˳ְûпɣûУ
СҪȥ𣿡ǵģһһȥңСŮʹص˵ͷ
ܼٿ
ʲôȥˣֻԺ͸͸һܵأ
ʽټķֻʣˡ
Ӱ𣿡Ļеĸ𣿡ʵҵΪ㸶ҲΪԼôҪĴһģ
 
 
һֱ˴ûôĽӴ 
ܺԼĶûиŮչ˺һӡ 
۾ұ۾ʱҿôôۡذѴĴûа취˵ˡ 
ҵֻ棡૵˵ 
ܵ˰ûлӦ۾ˡæӻѹī 
ûֻҽ̫ˣҰ㣡ס죬֪νӦ 
ؼҺ𣿡ĻЩȴ㲻𣿡 
ǿҪɷԺһ˹صʱһӣ 
ðɣһͳˣǽˡ 
ӰװͻؼңŮ䣬ʱһֱ˿ǲԸ衣 
ĻŮҸôҲ᲻һҪŮĹ 
Ůķûˣ 
īīʧ룡 



ں


ӰȹϵϽֱͣ˲ٵ绰ش𶼲֪īȥˡ
Ľ˵ҲŹһֱϲѵ뵽ƺ˷ܡ
Ժ￴ڰɷͷ桢רע۾һУһԵӰЩ¶
ϰ壡ַǼ̫̫Ҫ䵭˵ԶСŮ۾б˵ٲ뿪ҾҪˡīҿû⡣īˡ־ţȥأż̫̫ϰŮӦǳȥؼҵ㲻õġԸ˰ɡûˣ
֪ú֣ôڶϲأһϲԼ룬ȻͨٶְֹȢһī治򵥣һԼÿµ뷨
Ӱ㲻Ҫżһī϶ҪǱɡȰοţһԼҰϴΪľ˾Ҳûҵ
Сְֻ̣᲻żǻǴ绰ɣīĽںǵı
ܵģ㲻ںҽҾżС̣īҡһ£Ŷ˵ʲôӣ绰ְ߰һȥңУͻȻеôˣӺܾ档
ְֹæ鲻뻹ǸīʱЩְ֣òøΪԼģҸ߹ˣ˯ɺӣ
գԼܳ
ôҵط˵ţ͵˶ĸо
㲻±ץȥţ£
ǽһ
ҪĴԽԽƵˣĿˡ
ҸһΡ
֪һҾͻҵŮˡ˵Ȳؽ⿪·
ֱڶ̫ʱѹͷγġô˯أ˸Ƿһֱڿ
ˣ˵Ѹٵش·ǵģллֱˣ
ЩĿ⣬ųȥˣЩ͵ڴϡ
ڱݵߵзһСŮһͷ׷
СŮһ䣬ô￩һ£ֻĵЦûˡ
 
 
īīڹ԰ұߺţ˿ʧȥԼʹ 
һٴα򿪣ôǲǾⱲҪһˡ循ϲ˵쿪ֻǾ㶩λúãĪ 
˳ŷ⿴˿ţֻǸľһ˳ȥˣʱֻʣºһڷ 
ʲôҲչͷûпʲôûʲôҪȥ㻹ץ·ɣ 
˶ţ˭СŮʵ㿪ңҲҲʶ㣡С̽Ҫİ˵ְֺ㣬ī㣡 
ְ֡Ӻܼʵܰ˿ǲԸ뿪ġǴţǻؼҰɣ 
Ȼ˿ܻصӦˡ 
ⲻҵļңīܵıţҪҰְ֣ 
ֻžžΪʲôǰ˵Ҫ裿 
Ҿǲϲ㣡ƽʱСīҲ֪ 
СŮЦţ 




ں1


īЩӲ֪ŮҪʲôҪصԼļң
ԣԺ͵ùԹԵҵŮҵĻձҲ㣡īȻǸСĺӿʱǲԸ
ҪôܻԹԵҵģ˵Űһ
̫紵Щ䣬ˮʱʱӿȻȥ
һ͵ؿһߵĴ󺣡
뿪ˣŮʧˣֻʣܿЦԺΪ˭Լһӹ¹µԼ
īīĴҺӣп
ֵ񵶸һϣӡ
ϰ壬һҵģ߽ûһ˿Ӧ
̧뱧οǻ˻
֪ں˭𣿡ҡҡͷīīǶ˶ˣ
Ƕڶߣܼᶨ֪ڰο
ǵģǵģƺܼ㲻ҪīѾˣͻȻǳȻվ󺣡
ҪʲôֺܳԾҪ͵ܹȥ§סˮ
ҪǿЩһлģ
߿ҲҪܣ˦
Ҫ㣡ҲںҲѡ
ҪˮΣջǻؼҰɣ
Ҳ룡Ҳ룡˵ȥ취
ص˼
ľǼį
Ӱɳһʪ·ɣ˵
·ҲʪΪ·㻻ϰɣֻˡ
Ӱ׻·ͻȻ˵Ұɣһ˵绰Сɣ
ҲĶ棬ǺȾƣ
֪ŮϲжͻȻŮҲˡ
źܷѽ⣬˵īʧйأͻȻкŵӰЩŻ᲻أȶҿáҲ鷳
ǲ⣿ĽͻȻ⣬㲻𣿡ŶûҶһ˵ӲˡûУҲءģһҪҵҵŮòѡĽ뿪
 
 
ЩҪԼ뿴ӰżīҲ᲻ˣôأ 
ţŮǳϲ㣡˲پƾֻԼ 
ǳۣҪˡ 
ī衱ˡ 
Ҳ룬Ӱ׽޷ˣɣ˵ʲô 
§ҰӺСʱ򡭡 
ī׵ˡ 
һ£ҪԼôͲôʹ࣬Ҳһˡ 
˲䣬סǽסģ뿪 
֪īһǣʼÿһᣬ֪ԼڸʲôѾ޷ͣˣҡ 
Ⱳû嶯ҪһŮˣԴӺľԼΥĵ£ǽԼǴġ 
ӰסӰסţôȴǵһΡҶԲ㡱 
ܶСŮ˵㿴ͷİ׷óƿӣʲôɫҪīסͷɲ㡱˵һץס 
īɵ˴ԼѾһͷ췢ˣŮˣְң 
Ժ˯ˣȴīһųźܳݵŮվڴߣš 



ں2


īľŮ˳ȥ
ڶ͸ʱӰˣԼģʲô˭ţԭ֣˿Լһ˶ˡˣ
ӰףӰסлʲôʱ뿪أ¡𣿡Ѹ󡣡һᣡϽӦ
ôô㰡ֵ´⼸Щˡ
첻ϣ飡Ҷ㿴ûīûа
ҵӺҾ͸飡ġͷ㵽˾ȥҪŮҲҾͱ
Ҫīһҵģ¶ƺĵ΢Ц
̫̫ôôŻֵҡ¡ԴӦľûΪ㸶ôر㲻֪һӵôԻűˣ
Щ챾ǺھεĿһķƾʲôԴӺǩͬʱֻӦĺӵʮ꣡˵㲢ӣ辪ȵ۾
˺Īǵ̸˵ĵؽȥˡ
ôǮֻϼҵĵˡ㲻ûм𣿡ҡ
㵽׸ʲô£ǲһܶˣǵģЩΪ㣡νࡣ
ھȥǮ˸ЩˣЩıԸ˵˵Ը㣡
а㲻ȥҾʹ㣡˺ߣȥһľԭܱл¡
֣ҳȥһߣȻû£á·ϣҪ˵˼ȵʮˡһӶź㣡Զϣҡ
ȥƿˮõġ
ֲ֪Ϊʲôƽʱ⡣֪ѾԼˡ
ֻβûа飬ˮߵߵʱȴ̶ɲ
ˮˣ·һ̲Ѫӡ
ⲻҵĴԼҡײģһŲ̫ЩͺĻ˾ͣؽ͡
ҲϵҽԺץȥǮֶ˾˵㴳ĻûǮǸ˿ġ
ȥϽȥˣЩǮûлóˡ
ҽôּеʣûʲô⣬һ¡ĺܷѽ⣬ԴԭһͨײѾˡǰ֪Ѻܹ
Ǯʮ
зղ֤ɹأɷͻʱˡ
ǮҽһҪķ˵
ãǩ֡
īһ϶ܿŮ˿Ѿŵ־ˡ
Ҿǹÿ϶㣡ҪٴŻȥȡϵĶõٵĳͷҪһǸӡ
Ǵһȥİְ֡ʱˡ
Ӱףҵīˡʲôǲˡ
ѺӴǰʱһͷĴŮĺӡӰϸһȻīӡƿȻܿˡ
ô¡ҷʱӡ
ī
ѾˣǡӰ׿˯ŮһǲԼΪѺһģںīġ
 
 
ȥɴꡱá˵Ļ 
ҽԺǽŵصȴš 
ɷĲǾ֢Ҳ׼ 
ʮСʱȥˣҽˡôǽŵʡ 
ɹˡҽƣ 
лл챣ӣ˫ţֳ˽ȥ 
ҪǾҪҽ˵ 
һ¹𽥺 
лллл衱ЩǮûС֪ҳԺǾͻصԭĳУǶҲûصͿԶЩˡǶܾȡ 
Ժһ 
΢Цţ¿ʼһ߰ɡ 
ʮھôʱ䲡ħĥȻĺᣬȥֻʮꡣ 
Զǡ֡ 
ǲģֻΪź͸ӿ˳ˡ 
صȫ˷ǳرǻΧŰְתš 
һĬĬվ 
ϣҵ 
ǽȥ̸̸𣿡ͷ 





֤


Ķ棬ؿû뵽ԼܻţŮ˵ĳ漣Ϊĳͷ
ڻûн飬ǼʵֻһͥʦݣѾǷЭѾЧˣûнȥֹļ
ҡĺȥֹǣΪīҲ衣
īѾ㿴ˣϲҸ벻㣡˵ƺʪĶҷİ㣬ֻһΡ
īԥĺܺãϧԼծ񣬺ôô뿪ء
ѾīΪˣСôҸġ㲻ӦȥٵһŮҸ
Ըȥ֤īԺúð㡭֣ҵĵʱ䡱
ðɣȥϢɣļ
ҲһϣˣīƽǲΪ˰Ͳһءһֱܺû뿪
һҹû˯뵽ɱһĻΪ˲۴ңҵõŮ
̫ӰһӶˣǰĺĸоһ
峿ôˣϽ·
ɢһصҩһֽ
ī֪Ҫ뿪ңʧȥʹ޷ܣѾҵסǷЭЧҵŮʮ꣬ϣ㾭ȥĹؿҡ
£Ȼˡߴ٣ôأīһӶ벻
ҽԺûʲôֻǷ˼ƬҩûΣաҲһ
㶼ЩʲôΪʲôҪԲ𣡡
ҲŹģ¶µĿ⡣
΢΢۾㲻ҪɵҴӦ㣡
ЦƺЦĺܿģһúöġǾȥ֤
һμȥˣĺܿ졣
ھȥǼǴҪӦҵǼǵʱīʵԶ֡õġΪ֪ԼѾӵֵһˡ
ҪΪ˷ϵˣʼշĲӰѡܶ
ʲôأ˯ɣߣͷƺ
֤˷ܣһˣֻһҵԶǣЦƺúΡ
ƻ֮ǰǹӰ׵ıǰһʲôˣľġ
 
 
ǻûеȥһļ磬𣿡һս 
Ѿҵ˻ˣ͸¶һֱĿ⣬ǵģ 
һȥ 
ĬĬز˵κλѾȥˡ֣ԷŹˡ 
ҸҵӺϷӣĲڱϣҪֲ֪ī㰮ҷǳİҡ 
˵ߵߣסڿʼ㲻ٶҲңֻľ£ 
ҵģѸڽ·ԴûжĶЩҰ 
ûзΪӣһΪӡ 
ĵõȲģȴڱˣҪŮ˲ƺҪ͸ꡣ 
૵ģ֣ڻˣ 
ͻȻоһʹȻһ̲Ѫˡ 
Ѫһɫ𽥲԰ףҽԺ͵طӦ 
֪Ůôˣôᷢ¡ 
һ¡ҽԺҽȥˣӸոջУǲͬġɷôСģһͷˣôỳأɷôҽʱѪҺ˽ˡ 





һ˵Ŀ


Ӳػصīƺоʲô¡
ѾؼҾڵˡ
̫̫㣡æ֡
㣬ӵ㡭һ˵Ķֵֻϣô£ţҡôȫȫģΪƴعΪʲôҡΪʲôζļ
ûУҼûּͣЦû˵ĻϹδ㡭͵ظһ⡣
͵˻ؼҴԼϹҿѾ߻ħˣס֣㲻Ӧ˵׵ģţ˵׵֮׵ģžžĶ⻹֤Ҷҵ˻˵ף
ͰǸ˴ǰԣû뵽ˡȻ˳ȥ
ˣ迴һߵˣŴӻѹ
صңڴϵīһ֣һҪ嵽궼Լ
Բ𡭡ܲ˵ʲôʱ򣿡Եƺƽī߶ǶʱʲôˣԭҺΪȴ˽ºǸһŭգס㲻ī㽫Ǹûκιϵ˵˳ȥ
ڶˣ֪һʲôˣϽʰ
Ǿ뿪У˵ʹʹţīƺоİ
 
 
һܺõҲӰ׺ܵĽ֮գȴЩˡǸһϢͻȻվǰ˵Ժ**ӽҪȻһȭӡ 
ȻǸ֡ʵһϣû뵽ʹĴ 
ѳƵһŹС˹㲴ɡذѳԿ׵ݸ 
ƵһЩ˵۹ģѹ˭ԼЩء 
ʱ绰룬Ӱɳһˣô£һϵ绰ǸϽȥˡ 
ɳİˣ˿Լ۹ⶼЩ£ô£еʣ˼ҵĸײˡʲôʱײ˵ģһ⡣ 







ɳԱ˵ΥͣһϴүûļɱסײˣԭԼǵĻһ복ǾƵԱͣĸûйϵ
ȻҵģǾƵԱͣġӰ׽ͣǲУĳǾ㣡
ʱӭȢﵽˣҵҽԺ˽ţãҴһ绰óֻܣʱ㼱һ㣡
ʲô»бǽҪˣ˵绰ôʱıע⣡ܵѪҺҪˣľҵ˻˱Ůˣڷ߶
С㣬ʲô𣿡һװʦʵ˵ô죿ŮҲһӻ鰡
ӻ飿Դˣôеĸ׷ˣΪʲôҪ
ѵѸٵ˳ȥŽ׵Ļɴ·Ϸɱ˵Ŀ⡣
һԺͣᶫ
֣˵Ӱױ˵ʲôƿ֣ܵʲô
ӻһģʲôȵ۾ܣܣ
ҸҵɷһҪȻݺݵˡ
ʰȥվ˵⵽ô£īܷѽ⣬ѵĻԼ𣿡
̫̫ˣߴٵЩ뿪ˡ
 
 
ҰʱּϾ͵˽ͣѾˡܿɲⳡ񣬡ԣӰһǽͷӶ 
ģһ𣬡ΪӣܺŮ˽ģĴһ㣡ľãһǻذɣǿԶ뿪ҪߣܵĻκãŭյؿǰŮˣԭ㣡˵׼⣬ֻҪҽûͲܼ޸ҲƾŮ˴ 
ס֣ӰͻȻ̴֣ôŮң˵ 
Բˣ˶ȥ֤Ȼν𣿡ܾӰֻҪںԸԸַʽģ 
УȢŮˣҾʹⴰȥĽͻȻǸ߲ȥɣҵĸȥΨһĽҲ䲻ĵôԴҽ㣬Һʱͷģ㲻ҸҲ᲻ҸҪŮ˳Ϊô͵ſһʬɣ 
Ӱ׻һӽһǿãƺͬһˡ㲻Ҫ嶯ƿܣھ˵㲻ȢŮˣĽĲӰΪѣҪȥ㰡ԼԸʲôϵܴ̼ 
Ľ򴰱ƣе˶סܷӰ׵ԽԽѿҪͻȻ˵ 



ûɵĻ


ܿӰı仯֪ǰŮȥȻġ
㲻Ҫ嶯˵𣿡ܵͻȻתһ£ĽҶԲ㣬ҴӦ㣡ӰͻȻ˵ܵĺָоֻԼܸож䡣
ӴȻڵϿţɷҪȥˣ㻹ҲﲻˡһߵӰ۾öԽôϧ
ɡߵǰ
һжƽϢλ˵ҾƵ˵ǲΪƵûǰͣĿ϶ǾƵˡ
˭أͷ
Ӱסܹˣ㻹ľšʵôôʱֻ׶༪٣ԲǸֻô⣬Ͱ˵֤ȻȥУͷֻǲٹǰŮ
Ϊ˲Ľ֪Ǿ͵͵£ĵذ˽֤
װģϹˣź챾ĵڷתţڳΪˣһ߿̫ҸˣҽҰһһ·𿴼īתϵЦݺ
һķչŮīʱʱӰ׼һΡ
˵ö𣿡ЩˣӵĲܵһ߶һ߸β
ϺܲԸı
һλ¿ʼȥοһ
ĳӰһĹȥһԲŮ̫ˣīȴûгΪӡ
īҺܽ˶ԲΪҸܶҲ֪ܸʲôҪľһλҵûи˵һ˲һҪһ𣬵ҿԸһһ±Ӻúð㡭
±ӣһŮӵתȥīͮ
֪ڶ˭˵𣿡Ҳ˼ڶһİŮ˵
 
 
׼鱮ˣңŭ㻹ں𣿡 
ⲻīİϢ֮ҲԺİϢ֮ 
ܳΪʲôȢܾɥ˵һɷһ˿Щˣ 
֪һжˣӰεԶ 
ļΪĹ˸ 
ʲôûԵڵϣģ 
һҸ̫̫Ƶ˵ľͷȻ뿪 
ţȥˣʯϷĳ䣬ǺóʱûǸˡ˵ӵ˳ðٿǮ 
ûоԴӸ̼ͮ˷ֺ֪ݲǵĺӣǱ֮ͺ˻ʲôҲûܰͮǧ׷Ȼ˵ΪŮźһģÿΪǸûгϢˣ˵Ϊ˼ÿҪҪ븶Ǯת˯ˣһС㣬ÿζøǮ 
ҹʮֳص𣬡ˣʯϽȥţ治֪ʱ꣬ͮҲ˹ΪǱ֮ת˿Ǿ˵ 







Ӱô⣿
Ǹī˵˵ɣôꡱʯ˵űˣΪʲôң׷ݡ
ΪˣĳһͻȻ绰ؼ˵ԼܺãǷĺҲûѶˣ
ģȷʵûƭҲһʱ䡣ΪҰֻȥأͮҲһ˵
ллˡųصĲ˳ȥ
óһ·㴩ȥμһƻᡱ
֪ҵôʼģڷǳæ»ǿһҵҸֻˣ
һʲôŮһҲҪ
¶¶صģȻǰīδ·ЩŤȷģһ־޵ֵīǼֱĵĶԾ
ĸ߹˵ʺ;µķȻʮˣǾݺֻжʮ߰꣬رǽĴˮܽء
ֱĿתؿţЩ˼תȥΪ˭
˳һһǰͣΪҵԼĵλκˡ
쳣֣ЩŴϵεˣ΢Ц໥̸
ǳֵʱҵĿⶼǣ̫̫ǳֲ𣿡Ҳʧ˺ܾ𣿡
һ˵Ѿˡô¡
 
 
ǲı飬Խס֡ҵѹˣǵҸ¿ʼˡ 
ҵ 
᯴ʦǵҪúñһ˵ллҺܰҵӣīЩӴֳϣʦ㲻ʶ𣿡һŮ˹ոջָ仹С͵ûϵѾܿˣ 
ʦͬС갾ֳ΢Ц֣һʮǰͻȻͣһ£ܾȿ𣿡ȷҺܾȣ 
´ϲ˵֣յĺܽȻĿֱӺӣæض㿪ˡ 
һɫֹţǵǱȥˡ 
ϲ𣿡ͻȻСʵԼԣ˶Ϊֻ˹㣡ԸԼȥкһɣ뿪 
ﲢܷһڿİˡ 





ϻصȶ˽쿴˷ܺܿġ
ĬĬһ仰û˵̫ˣһѱסīѾˡѵ
žһԶס㲻īûĵڵ̬Щ仯޳
ĴĻˣԲԺ󲻻ˡš
֪㲻īҪ͹ȥֲδ§ҪӹΪӶҺ㻹ҵû뿪ҡĶмңʱīĲ֪Լ˭ˡ
˵ʲôǵıܾȵʵԲҪº𣿡
УҪһȥ㲻ҪִǶ뿪˹˾ô죬㲻һֱں˾һҵĺӣӰһ£ôʱǵһôضԴԼ
ˣҪ찡һ°ɣ˵īҾͽˣİѾҵŮˡлл
ϹֻҪ㲻ʲôģĻ
ôȫйôв***𣿡Ӱ뻹ȥҳʯˣֻǲͻƿڡ
ų׼ʻʯļңͻȻϷӸһŮվǳţϸһ֡
ǰһ˼ֱǸ߹ĵǰһڵˡͣԭᵽˡһ㣡ƺͬʱ뵽Ǹ϶ЩΡ
ԲĬؿڣûͬʱɷΪǸһ£Ȼ߿ıӰŮЩѰ
 
 
ͮҪһͻԷҲȥɣϷԼôƯȥһҪ԰һ£һݹҵ񣬿Ҫˮƽܶ࣬˻Ǳ֮Թ涨ڱзгμǷѡ 
Ҫȥٿѡÿζҧҧ˵СԼƴ׬ǮȻÿҪһ¶øǮǸѵġ 
Ǹʲôʲôѣ⺢ȻûǮʵֱǰǿˣ㻹ֻ㰡ʯˣ֣ܲܲҪҵ 
𣬳ʯߵȥˡ 
ô㣡²ãӰСĵ˵֪ϴīǴʲôط绰ģôʱļǵã绰ҾͲ𣿡ͮһƺ֧¡ 
ԼɣʯԹ˵ 
ҵõ𣿡ͮһ˵ģˣһקͮ˳ԪǮ 
Ӱ׳˼绰صˣһһˡͨ˼˵ˣһ绰˺ϤīʱȴͻȻҶϡӰ׾ϲΪоŮӾī 




ֵһ


ڹ˵绰һǺ˷ܺͽţô绰˵īѵ֪һС
ں˭绰䣬һѡСĵػصѡı鼫Ϊɭ
˰ɣôỳġ˵˳ȥ͵վš
Ժÿ㶼ҪٰѧϰԼ̫̫˵ΪʲôΪֻᵯһֺ٣ԺĶᡱðɣȥߡ뿪
ڽ˾ǳʯǹ
ڹͻȻһϤӰ֮㲿ӱǰˡפǲ֪ʲôɺкãһ̧ͷһӡ
Ҳʶ㣡ôأһжģϴˡ
ӺܿٵذһϣϴεľƻᡱͻȻǸһֱӡ
ʲôҳȥƴųѸͣ¡㲻ҪҲ˺ֻһǵĹȥ
ûйȥУ˵మΪʲôѡ˵Ҹӱܡӱʮĸ飡˽ץס֣ҲԶŵģ
һñ·һ˿ˣȣô˰øǳʯҰٲұˡʯòԾ㺰һִȥ˹ȥѸٵؿˣͣں׷š
Ǻܿ챻˦ĺԶһ˽
֣ʮΪʲôԴңΪʲôرȱҵĸ飿ҵΪǮԭҲһˣݺݵذڴϡ
һһȥ·ȴˡ˭ߣȼȫģ˵
ȴǾ죬ôǲиŮģ˱ǿаһŮӴ˵
 
 
ѸѰңҵ⣡һɣɵˡ 
˱¼ֻȥøлл㣡м˵İҪʱᷢʲô 
ȥл 
ſʯڴһСŮͮĺˡ 
ãлģ˵⣬û°ɣҺܺãԺҪ೤۲Ҫ֪꣡īȴܡ 
ʱ绰ˣһ㣡ЩˡᣬЦЦ 
֪ʲô֪ˣص 
˽ȥɷ𣿡˵˦һ 








˦ǱҩΪʲôңΪҲ㣡˼飬־˵Ҹ
ҵӣɷ򣡡ץסͷԺֻܶһҳϣЩٿµĿ⣬ǰġ˼⣬֣Բ𣡶ԲҲ㡭ͻȻ
ְеһߣ֪ǰֺô
ܺãܰӣһ̫̫ͻȻ¥ˤ˵Ǹк
ôˤأҲڼң̫̫һֱ鲻ʹˣ
ѵĺǸйϵ²ţΪīȥѯҽ˵֢ΪǶԵĲ˵Щ֢ߣվڸ¥ΪԼڿɻضɥ
ţǰƯǵǸʶʱʱİˡ
ֻˣī֪㣬ҼӺ𣿡ĬĬûйҵҶԲ㣬ҵʲôʱҶһֱһ족۾ʪˡ
ͨε绰Ӱ֪īУôأһѾȥѾ˻Ůܲġ
ȥһ˵ڱʰֻȴĪһİǽֹˡī𣿡ȥǱȴû˽ӣܷѽ⣡
߳׼ȥ绰ˡιһλţʶһŮ𣿡һİ˭㵽һ˰ɣ˵˵ַӰĶҪľš
ı·ǰܹһ绰ʲôûεš
гڵһЩƫسǣҵصѯǸȷһŮˣһͻȻдһ롣˾ʹ˵绰Ȼͨˡ
ʣѾˡˡԣģ
û뵽ûܼӰ׵ˡ
Ϲھ㿴ҲȰοͬʱǰ
һֹ˾ܹ˾ȴţǲǷ־𣿡ܲ죬ֻ룬ڹؼīҴҽˣ˵Ŵĸûа취κãģ
ҪȥУܽеԲǺ뿪ҽˮƽܺá
 
 
Ӱ׿Ůʹְ֣࣬йŮ˵仰ʲô 
ҲŮҽĺܵصľšӰײ֪ŮʧǶʲôµ£ѵ˹ 
ܵȷǸܸɵŮ˹˾ľӰ׵Ѿˡ 
ϹҪȥһʱɺͷĽҾˣҪҲȥ⣿ðɩһȥչ㣡ıķʮꡣ 
Ӱ״ŮһЩŮ֣ȥǡ 
ÿᲦͨǸ绰ī𣿡 
ⱳһ˫ӵ۾Ȼתܡ 
ʲôīҲûܾῪЦȻжţúöš 
ְ֣йī˵Ӱһ㶣˶ǹӲǵı£ 
һֻˣʲôΪʲôҪ**šϤѵǡ 







Ӱһ仰Ҳû˵һˡ
Թ˵绰ݺݵ˦ɳϡȻ˳ȥ
ÿһţó׼õĶһʹ򡣡㻹**šҵģ˲ģڵϲˡ
Բźʦ֪жءϽȻȻûʲôΣȴҲˡ
ⲻңڱǵİ飡֣ʵʶֻƭûеóû뵽¡
ǲǣÿ춼绰Բ֪Ӱ׵ĵ绰
ǲǻһ𣿣ǵģ
ҪңҪȥΣԶʱԼԶزȥˣ㲻ҪңģôʱܴȻӾͻһӸ㣡
лл㣡
Ǽ浽ףԱꡣ
ڼһӲ࣬һҪӦҵһȥᣬһծһҲģ
뿪
õһ죬ͻĬĬظ£Ҳ¶ֻܰƺûʲôˡ
׼ȥҪ֧ˡ
ͻȻ˹ȥôˣܽţʦ˺ô£һѾͷ˭ǻ֦Ұ㣡ѸٽгͽҽԺ
ҽôʵ˵õǾ֢û೤ʱˡȻҡͷˡ
վĶʦţ֦ȥɡ
´绰ҡŮµ绰ˡ
 
 
ߵǰ۾㲻ûǮһؼҰɡһκģ 
οԺȥϰˣƴع 
һҴͳУۻԱ 
ÿ춼財˻Ҳûչ˺żô죿ͻȻǸŮ֦㵽Ҽȥһɺ𣿡ãʦİɣ 
ܾ㣡һԱ˵ãȥ 
칫ңš 
㡱㵵û뵽ɣҰ˴ֵãεζһܣ 
ת׼ߣȥҲ֣˵ࡣ 
ûжˡǵģ 
ҸˣתţͻȻ˵ 






ǲģ¶׵Ŀ⣬ǰӵģȻת뿪
ҽԺҽ˵׼һûôǮѾ˸㽻ˡ˭ܾ棬Ҳ֪
˼⣬ؼҲû롣
ʦأ֦Ҳлл㣬ǰʦ𣿡ǵģʱ˶ֻҺãһҵһֺ٣ΪҲһ˧ѣҲʦɡġҲһӶ׷ˣ
ܳɹ
ҽԺֺƣͻص
ô£ôûϰࣿؾµĹʲҪˡҼвҽԺżؽţҲɡ
Ҳ̫˰ɰҵɷͽңҲܲˣǺãɾˣΪһɰ˵˦ߡ
ڻȥ·ͻȻԼһӶڱ˵Ŀ¶һծûԼѡ
ҪԼѡ
û˹Լң˼춼ûеλƸá
 
 
һ·ưɣСҪ𣿡ͷǾưԱɡҲھưɸɵģ͵ŶɣĻ 
ʧػصҽԺҽڴסԺѣǻؼҰɲסˣ裬ҽԺסɣϣǸٰǮ 
ʱȴˣҲ̫Ҫ˰ɣһ仰˶Ĵ̶ûǮͱƾʲôϹ㽻Ǯҵʲôϵܵһ澡ʧҲ֪ϹģЩǮһỹģ 
ھ͸һ˵ôϲԭ**ģƺʲô˸ʦ֦õ˲ȥȥܣʲôһͷĺ־˳һ䣬˭ֻ֦͵ذŪڵϣأһͷִôҽԺܰҽѵǲŸվ 
ĵ绰𣬡Ӱ㲻Ҫң֪ҵɷΪ˼Ϊڴ֮ͥ±裬˵ûйȥ˸δ˵绰ưΪ˲ΪǮҪݹ 
ֻǿˣʣʮôһ㶼㳤ĲǾͬ㣡 




Ϊ˭ƾʲôҵ


Ϲ˾ưɵ㣡ܵĵ绰Ҳˣǵģҵ㣡
̤ư֪Ƿ֪£Ӱף֣һϲ𣿡ڶ棬ʱһԱҪʲôʿɡܴƣ˾ôҴ㻹ģģ
Ϲ㿴ôⰡͻȻָ֣ܣӰ״󾪣ô
˵ɷΪӳǽ˴һܽˣû˸ǷȻưˣܲŲæ˵Ŷһʱʱ͵Ӱ׵ı顣
㲻Ҫ˿̫ͣģôضۿģӰЩ˵ȻؾƵһ¡ãˣ뿪
֣ôأ֮ͥһסΪ˭ƾʲôҵе˶׷׵תͷҳȥ
㱰ɣִֻ֪ܺǱ˴ˣҸҰôôھҺˣһЩòã
ãΪʲôҪң˦֣ܾ
Щҽҩ˭㽻ģ֪Ǵҵ裡ӰԺԶһЩòãѾһѵҪڶ𣿡
ԲҲ֪ô˺ԺԶһЩЩǮԺȥѪҲỹģ
֣ôˣȥ
ʱԶ˰Щ
ϹͻȥɣƵңȻȥ׼⿪ֹ˾УҲͬ⣡ѾˡȻת˯ȥ
ʲôŮ˾ȻҵϹīûǲأܷǳ⡣
֮󣬻ּ֦ҡ
ʲôôģʵʦҽɣ㣬ҵ˶ǡʲô³飡ġʹصͷӦףǼҳԣ
Ҳˣ̣㣡֦ӹеĨԺ󵽰Ҫúøɣ˹ȥ֪ˣ
ȥϰˣҹ߳ưȴһֱһˣ㣿Ӱ˹һֱڵ㣡˻ҵģ˵ֻһ绰ܳԾɣƵ˵
 
 
ʱ䲻һʮ˧Сӣߣ§ҹȥ 
Ӱ״վԭѵ˵ֱ˲ǰˡ 
īīΪʲô˵ 
ī˭īʶ𣿡ʴɣ֪˭أǷ˵ī 
ȷѾ뿪ˣÿվţ㣬֦һҪ㰲ȫͻؼҵģãллңԼȥͿˣҪСģ 
Ӱ׶ԲҲ˺Ҳû·ұĲȻŮ˲ˡҵģκţΪʲôҪŮ˺ 
̫أһûע⡣ 
һǿŵȥ 
С㣬С㣡Ӵӳ˳û£۾û£²鿴ûУҲģ 
Сʶ㣬ҪҸأʶңоѽ⣬ǸϿߣΣգ 




ϰָо԰


˭Ҫ裡ֲͣʣϾ֪ˣ˼Ѹ˳
ӦسŵΪʲôҪһŮķ˫סĲӡ
ִ֣ţܡͬʱԷܳԾôܶԷ˵ߣ
裡û·ˣ
ҲҪңϳѸٵؿˡ
ͣһҪ˵ڳﲻ֣һտĹ԰ͣҹ·ǹ¶ģֻӰ
ȻܹľҲûȥ淢㣡ʲôʡ
̾˿ԴκòԺһŮӺˣǵһʱҵǸֲˣ֮ĽѾˣǵģָоֻкһҲˡǲ˶޹أ
ܣץס֣ҷҰˣɷ򲢲ΪʲôҪһɣʲôôźߵһ飡ߣҲ뿴㣡תһȣһѱסҺ𣿡ſɷˣ
ǺãﻹƬ˵һȤʲôܴ
ҲôֻǺϲϵĸоסҪ
ǿңܲҷ̫Ķ
ҵоˣ̰εߡ
Ϻ˷ܵ˵̫ҳˣ㻹᲻ǸԺҵˣ
ܣ·ЩƬҡ
ҴӦ˵ԣһ
ȥԺӰѾ˯ˡ
ϴ農ߣŸղųһУȷ˷ܣӰ״ûиĸоܳʱ˺СʱǶӰĨģ
˫§ī㲻Ҫ㲻ﲻͣ˵šŹӰһ˵ģͬʱҲһ£
 
 
̫͸شʱˣϹ˯ĺ𣿡 
ܺãʲôʱģ˯ŵʱ򣡡§㿴һƴ࣬ҾѺǵĹ˾ת˺һƴá֡ 
Ӱ˾ 
ܶȲ裡һֵŮ߽İ칫ң֦Ժûн㲻Ҫǡ˳ȥ 
ǳȥһɡܶһŮӳȥˡ 
ô飡ʲô֦Щ 
㿴һͷҲ֪³ôġ԰߶ˣ 
ڽ۷׷ףһȺɨ˵˭ģ֦˹ȥѵ˵𣿡ЩⱡŮãˣĴˡ㿴ˣ 
ô˰֦ѧ̫ȭЩŮһˤڵأԺ󻹸Ҳ˵ 
ˣ 
ʲôͻȻһ˰ס˻֦ 



㲻Ҫ˺


ֹ֦ǹ˾ı㿴ıҶ֣ϰô
ô£һŮ˵ƶˣʶ֪Ӱ׵š
ˣˣƾʲô˲ҽԺܵ£ǳԹѾͷĿ
Ŷǹ˽𣡡֦ҲǼ£ȥòذȥ
㲻ҾͲߣ֦Ȼڹ˾ǰʯϣĺÿʲôĳãͻȻòԣܶţֺܶ
ԽԽò뿪˾ҪΪֳ֦СǺкӴܳĶҷǳǡһͣԱߣӰ³֦˵ǱԾʵ
ԭɣ˵ɡǡϲظں档
һĻȫ˾µ˶ɴ۾³߸ŮǼֱһһϣ
ܸһǱߵˡӰʵǵģǵ̸̸𣿡
ã칫Ի֦½飬ͬ⡣
Ҳ㳳ܵҾǸı߲˵ģӰ׺ܼᶨãҲ飡ʲô๤ɡն˲
Ӱ׵ǰʵһֱģ֮κεĲ죡
Ӱ»صУֻΪһˡ˱ᣡŮĲҲкתˣҽ˵ӴܰĻܿͻ᳹׿ġ
ְ֣Ӱ׻صīܸ˿ǵܵʱϵı˱仯𣿡ȥӵӰһֱϣŮܽ衣
īһֱ˵ʲôˣ
 
 
ǳõȥϰ࣬Ϊ֮ǰʯȻȥ˵īҲǣڻصȥǶѾ֤ʵˣͮһ߸ţܳΪѾīֻһѵˣ 
ϴˣͬʱֻӰײŻ᳹׵ģ֣֣ 
㣬û뵽ҲһûĵˣֶϣߣͮߵŸףʯҲֻ̾Ůˡ 
ưǵ估ˣøһֱһҲˡ 
ԱһӴƣҪʲôҪʲôֲ֮ͥô㣿ֻ쾫񲻺ãһ֧񣡡Ҳᣡ֣˱֤о˵ŮӲ̵̣Ů˲Ÿ 
ĻٵĶ䣬ԼôõΪټϳ̣ӰһΪױ仵ԺͲģű˹ճǺûϵ鼸ھˣ 
ưﲻܳ飡ͻȻˣ͸һԻؼҳ飡Ӳ 
̳һ·Ŀʼ 





ͼį


һ˴Ӿ糡߳е޵ĸоԼʱĲˣǵõīԼǱҵʱľˣƺŮǧϧ˵ϱǾϧϧ
Ļÿ뿴ܺһһֻһ͹ˣ֣ӰףҺܸлĸĸǴôõѣ
ںҹվھԺĹ㳡ϣĬĬؿīҸʲôס죬СҾʧȥĸⱲҪľǰ㶮𣿡γǸ壬ǹ¶ǿһµϢڼ˳ᰮĺ塣
ǵĸҪһ꣡һԺ𣿡رסһģԺ·ʲôҪ£
뵽ӰײΪʲôȱǵĸ飬ΪûǮѵҲӹ
ǰǺѾĨȥˣΪİѾˣʲôӡ
̿ưſڡ
˺ܹµӰī
ʲôҪóʮ򣡡٬üëĻ۾㣿ôˣŵشӰһ֧̾š
񶼱ˣ㲻һץס
һ˴Ա߹һװףЦ֡
һŵӻ׼ʮ򡭡
Ů˽ô㣡˾ﻨ֦ܲԸشɨ䣬ҪΪҲŲɵģ
˵ŻܴæسǾͶһߡһԼҲҪ˾ϰ࿴ܷǳˡ
ͽŸ˵ˣܴ绰ͻȻϿһˮͷϡ˭ĴУ
ܾô£һ๤˹Ϲ𣿡ˮ棡
ҡʲô¹ʲҪˣ
 
 
֦ò۱æ˵ң㣡ҧгݣҾͷϵĺѿҶǾһĵëë棬ΪԼжأΧ۵˶ܾû뵽Ůô 
ţûҵָʾ˭ԿӰͻȻ˹֦㲻ԣϽܾǸҪת뿪ˡ 
īڵ֣ߵɵϹǰңҪӱ߬ȭͷ 
³Բ𣡡֦Ӱ׵İ칫֪ԭΪֽ㣡 
ȻҲ֪ǲǰ֣ʱദ֪Ǻˣ 
ܸں˭һ𣡡֦ͻȻ˵ˣΪֽ׼״˵ȥ㲻ǿ𣿡 
㻹ǲ˵ʵľܲÿǸɾģЩתһ֧Ʊ 
ôǮ֦۾Źˡ 
ּʱֲһĻڽŶ 
پǰ̶ľ 





ѧ˶


촳˽ҲһǶ
ߣǸʲôץˣ֦֣ΪҲǷ˵Ӳǰִˣʲôƾ죡
ֺܵıںѾ񫡱һ˶һ˵
͵ʵҵ׷ʲô㻹װЦŪ˰ɣ
˾ٱкӣһ仰Ȼ֪ԼΪʲôʱô󣬶Լ̶УֻǸеĸ̲񫣬ԭԼ
Ҳ֪жƷٽƱҲûˣ׾ˣǸе֪ʲôΪʲôҪڴ˿İĮˣ
ҺúõĴǸһһǮģǡܺһڶԻ
Ӱ׼ææҪȥϹҪȥ£ҺһȥˡѸ뿪ˡ
Цܿ
ͬ־ܵģһݺģӰ׺ܽţڵڲ֪Ǿܺߵʱ˵ġҿԿ𣿡ԡ
֪ôƿǵнĿ۾ƿˣڴ˿ǰһɶСûûһС
֪Ǳݺģؿڣҵһ޹أĮ飬ҲģֻҪ㻹ţīˣµҲûģģ
߰ɣǲģô˵أ侲һ°ɣתˮʱǶôҪǼȻһжΪľûлͷ·ˡ
īǳˣԭվӰװ
㿴ŮĳôÿǲΪˣڻĵⲻˡ˵־ţˮ׳˶ˡ
ȥǾø˵Ż֦Ҫͷ¦ߡǸѾͷˣ
ֻˣ衱º͵˵㡱Ҳ衱
 
 
ͺã֦˵ؼˡ 
ʱˣ֦ȥȴһİˡ 
˭û˵ֱӴ˽ 
ְ֡ôҲû뵽ǰˣȻȥˣ֦˴š 
һˣָҵ¥ϣáıܿ¡ 
ȦΣȻԼڼҾͿ޼ɵҪΪʲô֪ͶٸϹ 
ûУƭҾưֵطܸʲô˵һץסͷŮˣҪʱѪҲ 
Ҫһϲô벻ɡ 
ûжԲ㣡֣˵ͻȻǰ˦һƬͲͬ˵Ӱ˭ģˡ 
ôҪҾ˿ô**ˣ˵óһС 







ķҪжʱűˣ
㲻Դˣְ֣ҪͻȥǳȥţģҪ
ҲϲҸҵڶϣֱ˽ҵƽ˵ҪѾرס׵ȡ
ǶȥɣҾһ̱ڵϡ
ҹڿ֪ϢʲôʱԽ
ͻȻе
Բ㣡˺ܴת䣬֪һǺѰģ
ףֻҪһж㹻ˣ
֣벻ģ˵§ʵرˣָоã
Ҫúúõ
ƺȥһĻĻǰֺĿʱ⣡ҪռеĲ廹еһһС
㣬ǮŰɣ㿴ҲûйôҰ컨֦Լ˳ȥȥĶ³˵ҶҲһǮɷأȻ˵ĻҲˣ
ô󣡡ֵ֦ıӰЩΡ
ڼڼģ˭Ҫ£֪ⶼԼɵеһС
ǵҹǾûԸ
òһҲ͹ԸĹҲ͡
ʲôʱ°ࣿѯϢʱ䣬оǲ
㣡ڲ͹ݿһ˧СӣԷ
ʣ֦ôûһڿæˡʲô㡱
 
 
ţʱֽһˣԱܰӣҪʲô˹ȥ 
ʲôҪʲô 
㿴ݹӣҪȷʲô 
ôģñˮԼȴ֣Ҫ**ˣ 
޳ܣ޳ܣ֪Ů˵Ĺʷ𣿡 
˵ȥ߬ȭͷڼˣ͵һȭȥ˸Ͻ뿪 
ΪǺŭ֪˹ģ˭ 
˵͵ҾԶŲ͹һУĥҾ͸ˣû뵽īô 
ȥ·ϣûǳܣ̱ڵ֪Լ񫷸ˡ 
һ˹ȥ 



ִŵİ


оܵʱ˱ߣУڷǳʱڱ˰
һǰͣһ峺ĺеסڴ󺣱ߵĸо񫲻Ǻ
ӰΪ˭ƾʲôɧңߣţҲһӶ֪㻹ŵʱҾ;һ𣡡
չɣ§īѾˣ㲻ҪƭˣĦͷΪҸԸһУΪٵʱѾҵĴˣ
Ҫ˵Ҫ˵棬īﲻҪȥԶҪȥУĵ绰ͻȻˣӰףī鴤
Ϊ֪ľλֻ˵ˣīǳżϻȥ
һͻˣʲô
ôˣصҿܵȻǣںöѾ˯ˣ
ĵĶ棬м±Ҫܣôµġɣ
ΪʲôԵķǳƽҲ㣡㰮˭ҲҪ㣡ãҵʱ䣡
һֱԿΪԶľ󳳴֣ЩоԲ
īҪչһӣ
ȥϢˡ¥ȥ
ûôףҵòĶ˭Ҳõ绰
ôʱûлؼңļǣ˼˶˵֪һѵڻҵһҪ
īڷĴѰҳڣôԴ򿪣ȥϡ
 
 
һ¥ıѾȥˣʱ䲻ͿԳ׽ˡ 
׼ӳȥȴͻȻ¥죬ˣﻹбˣоӦ뿪 
Ǿ̽ 
˳¥¥һŷţһЩ˹ȥнŲ̾ϢоһŮˣ 
īĺ䣬Ӱ׶˵Ѿİˡ 
׼ؿЩ󣬾Ůˡ˭ҳȥӰΪʲôҪ㲻ұ֤㲻ᷳ㣡 
ֱȥˣײײȥˡ 
ôˣӰͻȻϵЩҽȥƴطϣҧˣӰԶЩ 
ܾҶѾƻ˲ԸıˣǴһ 




Ϊ


ʰߣʹҪҵ
⣬ȥŷޣţǸƭǸյˣҲܸߣ
ĻҺ֪𣿡ѵˣʲô£ܳԾ¥ôһŮˣ
ıͻȻ㿴ˣڼŮˣȴܲıѣǵģѾˣӰ׽ڿˣ˵˳ȥڵϡ
Ǳܱ߿ޣô֪˶೤ʱ̱ڵϣСôˣˣûʲôǲˣī
ץס˶ȻѸǰӲϽſңſң
һ⳵˾⾪˵һĻ컯֮¸Ůˡ˾ȥ
һֱǰѾ뿪磬ôǸǣǾ˦
ڳķǰˣ⳵˾żš
ѳͣﱣ֤û˷֣غʼīƾɵķ䡣
˭ˣʰ㣡Цعˣ磬Ǹģ治˶ϧ˵һ˿ʼˣҪҾɱī־˵ɱҲ£Ѿ˺·
ҪͻȻ˴һȥ硱һ˿Ǹ⳵˾һϾɵľ塣
Ǵ˺󲻽һ˵ϡСߣŶȵؿ
лл㡱ڳ˵˭ġ
֮ǰ˾ô˳ĺ𣿿ϧԼīҲûȥ
ļǰͣ¾Ϳˡ
³΢Ц˵СԺһҪѧᱣԼصصͷ۾ؿȥ
ˣ䲻һôĻ鰡һĿ¡
ҵŹصϵģ˵ǰ򶼸ʲôȥˣűӳŮˣԲıɷ͵ˣҴñӣ
ĳ۵ļ˹ȥһ˾ȻûʲôӲҴ㣡
˹ȥ֣֣ԲҲǹģ㲻ҪҪңµر
ʲôˣкţΪĲ鸴ˡ
ûʲô㲻Ҫܣ
̫̫ǸŮ㲻ҪŮˣţͱһҲǺŮˣ
ְ֣ϲ衱˹ȥ裡԰ŮƵĺԶְ֡ûӡ
̾ԴڼһˣƢ߼ˡ
ǶҹҲˣˡ
 
 
˹ȥǶôˣԸϽоȻ 
ī뿪ͿˣѾ˺ѷΡ 
¥ţֵܣôˣһһЩŮʵûлش 
ŮЩҴҲȢٸŮ˷ʱѰ㣬ԺˡȢ˭ҲܣԸͱŮһţ 
ɩӣ꣡Ů˷΢׼УҴѲעҪţ 
ϢɣҪȥˣУʹðԺԸס 
Ӱ׿ųǳңͻȻᴩһСŮϽɲСѡ³ϽŮֻƤˡ 
ȥҽԺɣȥŮ˵˵ؼңȥ 
㲻ְ裡衱Ҵȥ裬ˡһ㶣ȻҼҰɣ 
īһˣӰ׵кīûбɳϣǵְߵŮʱ۾ 
ŮǻãܳΪ𣿡ǸÿʵĺӡīȻûзӦһֲûϵģһΪѵģϣܴ֣ 
󣬻սīҺ㣡꣬йīС˵㻹ŰЦ 
ģûƭ㡱ī˵ĸһûҲһҵķ 
һҹʱĵ֤ʵī˵Ļ˳ȥīķȥ 
ͻȻһӰҲȥͷٿûιȥԭīû˵йǻǸӴ׼ʲô 







ЩԼ˵һҪϵ³Ѹ߹ʲô˵ϸûй
ĵظں棬ֻǹذīķƿ˹ȥˡӸ߰ɡͳֲīȻݺݵס
īͻȻȻ˹ȥ᲻ܽšߣѸ뿪
īī˽ȥ۾ƴĺѣǹ
ĲǣҺ£ī£һ˯õġ
ڶӰƿŮķ俴ӽرһЩοСŮĵīĲ
ī˲ֻ̫첻ˣԼȥŮ
ӣлҪ˵ī֣ҵŮڱѵ²ż޸ǺദĺǢǸֵһһˣʱʱֻᱳһŮˣһΪ˻ҲҪˣѺӽҲģīӦչ˺ûһģһģش֣һҲ˽ˡ裡裡ﴫʹĿ
һֱûҵټһδ˱ĲϺƢˡ
īֵ边Ȼô̹ȻûлɹԣйأΪʲôǳˡ
Ҹ㣬Ҳ㲻ҵģû˵
 
 
īҸûйܣӴ˻԰ģҿӦ˰磡ƭˣûƭҿǴһߵġ𣿡ͷ˭ҡҡͷ 
Ժ㲻Ҫˣһ׽òáīûлش𣬡Ұְ˵ҪͻؼҡҲȥ 
ǽʲôأʱ䳤İְᵣĵģ˹⺢ҼҲ֪ļġ̣Ҽ𣿡īУ 
Լȥͣ뿪Ҫߣīں׷ţһץס˿ֵž۾͹۾һġ 
ǸûȥˣȻְֺ軹Żᵣĵġ 
ǸŮ˵ɵһŮȥǼҳֹǸǳѵġУīǸΣ𣿡ֻͷ 



ӵì


ֵܣ˵ӣ㲻ܲҪҰһŮ˰ţɩӣҺܸҶԲԶǣֵһģҲҽģ
Ум֪֪ͥİƫģ˵һϰ岻ӦöȢ𣿡
ô˼ھ뿪ҸһǮ찳Ů˵ɴ۾ϴѧǲǰǮĸ𣿡
ӰװʹʦҲӣܵĻЧģ
ΪʲôҪΪñ绹ãУ뿪һŵӣǮ㹻һģϼҡȻ뿪
˵ССΪʲôҵĽָصҿʻûãôᵽĿڴҲ֪
ڸʲôӰ׶˵ҵĶϣ˵ӦؼˡҲãļ˿϶ᵣĵģҪŪԩ˺ӣ
㻳˵ѣǣֻҾûĺӡְ˵ĶԣīһԸ͡
кܴĽкҵĺӣԴ˽īҲ˽˲һ㶣ҵĺӣӰǰôСĺ㾹ȻԴ
ˣְ֣ǺˣС˵кĵģ
ǻؼҰɣī֣裬족īЩΪԣУ߲ߣһץסŮ죬Ժ󶼲㵽
סˣҴȡīټˡ뿪ˣҪߡīġ
Ӱûа취ֻɻߣ
 
 
㿴ŮǰԶ̳ģڼԷǳԺ׼뿪ң˵ͷ 
Ӱɳķ̫ˣɩôûҵҪ޸治Ӧ顣 
ôˣ˾æ𣿡ԣЩЩۡҸ㰴ĦĦû뵽ûиоܣ˵㿼ǵˣ 
ŶҪ˵أ̹Ȼӣ˵ɡ 
һˣʲôһ仰Ҳ˵ֻ֪ģ˺Ӧջ˰ɣ 
㲻˵Աҩ𣿡ֶԶ˻壬˵˾ԱҩҲвɿʱӰҵĶһǸӣԺĹ˾м̳ˣ 
ǣҲҪӣ 
īԸ̫ųӦиܱܵ˵ֻˣҽӸ绰ǰС㣬иŮڵ㣿˭Ҳ֪ǺãҪ˭ң 





ӵì


ֵܣ˵ӣ㲻ܲҪҰһŮ˰ţɩӣҺܸҶԲԶǣֵһģҲҽģ
Ум֪֪ͥİƫģ˵һϰ岻ӦöȢ𣿡
ô˼ھ뿪ҸһǮ찳Ů˵ɴ۾ϴѧǲǰǮĸ𣿡
ӰװʹʦҲӣܵĻЧģ
ΪʲôҪΪñ绹ãУ뿪һŵӣǮ㹻һģϼҡȻ뿪
˵ССΪʲôҵĽָصҿʻûãôᵽĿڴҲ֪
ڸʲôӰ׶˵ҵĶϣ˵ӦؼˡҲãļ˿϶ᵣĵģҪŪԩ˺ӣ
㻳˵ѣǣֻҾûĺӡְ˵ĶԣīһԸ͡
кܴĽкҵĺӣԴ˽īҲ˽˲һ㶣ҵĺӣӰǰôСĺ㾹ȻԴ
ˣְ֣ǺˣС˵кĵģ
ǻؼҰɣī֣裬족īЩΪԣУ߲ߣһץסŮ죬Ժ󶼲㵽
סˣҴȡīټˡ뿪ˣҪߡīġ
Ӱûа취ֻɻߣ
 
 
㿴ŮǰԶ̳ģڼԷǳԺ׼뿪ң˵ͷ 
Ӱɳķ̫ˣɩôûҵҪ޸治Ӧ顣 
ôˣ˾æ𣿡ԣЩЩۡҸ㰴ĦĦû뵽ûиоܣ˵㿼ǵˣ 
ŶҪ˵أ̹Ȼӣ˵ɡ 
һˣʲôһ仰Ҳ˵ֻ֪ģ˺Ӧջ˰ɣ 
㲻˵Աҩ𣿡ֶԶ˻壬˵˾ԱҩҲвɿʱӰҵĶһǸӣԺĹ˾м̳ˣ 
ǣҲҪӣ 
īԸ̫ųӦиܱܵ˵ֻˣҽӸ绰ǰС㣬иŮڵ㣿˭Ҳ֪ǺãҪ˭ң 




ͬõ


ڿҪˣһͨͨŮˣ̬Ǳһ۾Ϳ³
˭Ӱ׵ôƯͷϵСΪʲôңŮ˶˶죬ΪӰġ㡱šʲôЦǷӰɣ
ţûƭ㡣˵ľܵɫѿӰ׵ĻЧģ̫ˡôŮؽˡӣɷֻȢԺڼź㣡
ãڻ˻Ҫź㵽ɣͬˣǸˣ
̤ţӰһֵܰϱѰҵġӰ㲻ӦøϽߣΪôĿɣû뵽ܻ˵Ĵ󷽣ⲻУӰ׽ܲƵ飬ǼҵӶˡɩôͲأҪҾ㿴Ů˺ܼᶨðɣֻôӦ
Ůīܽţ㿴ĺƯģأˡĺӡīֵؿİŮ֪ΪʲôҪס
īļպˣԷذѻͽӰǺ˶ǻ
ְ֣ϲī̫խ˰ɣ죬˵кô󷽰͸𣿡
㣿𣿡ܺ棬ҪǸһ׼Ҫˣ
𣿡ţҲ뿪ģû˵ԼɣҪȥҹˣԳȥˡ
ī˺óʱڰϵӽ⿪ˣһҲ˵
īԳԺһжˣںҲѧˡ
ȥѧòã裬ҳԺˣУȫǽл֦ҡ»㣡ðɣ
 
 
ѧȴȥī˵ĻܿȻȴİְ֡ 
Լİְֱһīְֺġ 
ҹˣȥīһҲ뵽Ѿˡ 
ֻӰ״ģûȥӡȴͣûҪ𣿡 
īҪŲס˺һ뿪ȥģһɷкܶΣ 
ֻһҴûŮˣӰҲܣ 
ڲԶԭⶼģͷܡ 




ҵ


ߣīûзֶһЩˣˡ
ŻѪɷ򣬾ȻѸٸҽԺȿˡ
֮ͻȻһ˻
ƴ˳ȥһҪְֳǻӰ׼ҵıǰǡ
ڶӰϰʱֻһҹͷְأְֲڼҸϳģī΢Цţīôôأţ𼤶ȵҼȥɣлл
˳Կ˵ݽȥˣ˭һİŮ˭ǰôû㣿īĴ衣ôһˣţīˣǳˡ
㣬æϽ֡˵úãҲȥתת
īֶһ裿ģǵģְôôţǶҲã
Ҳ費裡˵ЩѹӣǶû谮ǲ˵ߣҴȥ棡ī˵شӦˡ
īϳ⳵Ҫȥ˾ʣ򡱡ݡǵġ
һСʱȥˣڵˡī³һƬ̵Ұ̫ˣӦûһͤӣī߱ҡ
ʵطһǻ׶԰ʱʦ֯ĴΣһֱû
ͤӣīһᣬȥʲôطġͷ
ߣϰ裬ûŮű·뿪ˡ
ǾôߣҲ·ˡīһ粻˻Щȴֲ뿪
紵ݶ¼ˣȻ˹ȥ
˵ܴܺ󷽵ŽȥΪ˲ٰ·Ьӡ
԰̫ˣӰȢҲĸҲȻЬø㻻ϣЬ̫˰ɣ㿴ˣҴȥͣãӵģ
¥ôô߰˵ĸ¥е𣿡ޣ
 
 
ܺͽһֱ¥¥ҪҵĽšǸߵ˵ЬѾĥľƣһи̨ӡ 
¥̨ϣĽšˡ̽ͷ¿˿ 
ܰЬϸƣоͱźˣû££ 
ͻȻоͷ岻ɵ㣬㣡㣡ʱӾ¥ˤȥ˰ 
ϵһжѣɩӡӰ׸ϵû뵽£Ҫ֪ͲԶˡܿ޵ĺģӰ״ɩӵ 
ڼﾹīأǱ𣿡Ӱ׸Ͻȥҡ 
īͷϴŰ׻ôˣӰ׾ʣˡѹ§ȴ㿪ˣڼ𣿡Ҳˣʲô 
Ӱɵһ£īҲˡӶˣһΪأīҲˡ 
𼱣һģȥңӰ뿪 
īʱ򿴼һӻһСк**ģСˡ𣿡Ȼˡ 



ӵ


ʲô֣Ҫǹīǳ־壬⺢ô£Ů˵ҿǱŵģеİѶӽ˹Ϣɣ
һ·ţīҵСʲôһ˾ͣܰҴ𣿡԰ɣ
˳ػص˼ңṳ̂ȴˣǰװ׵ô£ǰֻ˲ŹҵģѵǸ˻ǡ
ҹڿְֵĻ֪Զû˸ס
ɻˣīص˷ܵ˵ȴûһ˿Ӧ뿪ְ־ͳˣ㺦ģ¥Լڷ
һӰƣػˡϹûҵͷҺܲȥҽԺҽ˵̥ΣսסԺô𣿡ϴɩӷҪϾ¥ģ׼ش绰ȴˣʲôˣû˵ȥʣ뿪㣿ܷǳôǻʲôأ
īô£ʻǲ˵īӰѸ¥ϡ
ٲҴȥˣ滹ûжӰ׷ǳżԼŮþˡ
޵Ŀ⣬ǾĲ֪ô˵޶ˡīȥˣӰ׸ϽʵžͶˡˣΪʲôȥ֪ľ񣡣Ӱ׿ƲסԼһץסӻСҪīϽȰʲôطھȥңīʵ
˺űߡ˵ţڷͷңī˵ֻˣ
·ϵԽԽ٣īţؼңؼҡһҡҡλε·мŷǳΣգȻ˺ˡ
ҪߣīеҾϲͻȻһϽ˹ؼҰɣĸϻ
˾ͻؼҡļģ˾Щ˴һֱ֪ͰͣС㣬ҲҿԼǻز˼ҵġðɡ
 
 
īǸ˻ؼңԭԼøļϸһеͮɷ⡣ 
ؼȴпµĿ޺ϽƿſµһĻ 
ͮڵϴȻʯ˫ַīͨˡ 
أʯŵȥˣģͻȻˡ 
ӣȻ˰ˡ 
ҽԺʯ˵ͮճžͱһᡣ˭أ֪ 
ȴһĬĬᡣ 
Խˡҽ˵˿īһ˹Ĳסس߿˭أ 




ɷĮ


ī׷˳ȥ˸о뿪ˡȻûץϾǿǸˣ
ͮˣʵѹøԲī֪ϲֻҪĺãҾͷˣԲҲǹⲻģˣӲˡ
ʱſϷԵһĻˣǱ֮ˣͮЩ𣿡˵һ仰ѵתˡһ˵ĳĳ׵ˣӣѹܻõġᣬǱ֮ǰôһ𣡡˶æ˵Ǹˣ
ⲻܣ˵ģʵõӡߣǶߣܼ߰ͮΪʲôҪңŮЦ𣿡
ãǻ߰ɡʯ˵ǵȷϵģǱ֮˵ţŵԺҪˣһʱ˵š
īҲû뵽һĻϣǱ֮ܺһŵһһŵһҲ
Զ෴ⲻյҾͼ쳣֣ˣſ˺üͬѧڼأӲžô̰滹˰
컹Ҫѧأգ𣿡һԼôأʲô
ǺǼǵúӵգһЩСţҿ϶治Ǻ£ī÷ǳѿǵԼǵþǰְִӲģ
Բ𻶻߰ɰְѾ뿪ҲҪ㣡ԣ費õģСѼͣ˵һӲԡô˵ģ
׼Դҵѣǳãʱ㣡˳ȥ
ԲˣҲкܶ౧ԹǺ޶ˣ
Ӱ㲻Ҫߣī˺ͷϵ˶ԻöˣīǻҶ㹫˾㲻ˣҶҲĺôȥԺúõչѵ㲻ְ𣿡
īī̻ؼ׼ʻһӸɵġ
˵ǲ֪ҶǸ˵񾭲ӱҶˡ㱾ʹ𣿡ǵȻҰְھͺˣ
򣡡īһҡ
ڶīڳ⳵ϸӰ״绰п򡱡ã֪ˡ
ȥˣīĺ𣿡ͦŶߣǲΪīҶĺӲҪˡ
֪㲻ȥҲģ
ѵҶĺҪ𣿡Բ𣡡׼뿪
ҵĶӺܣͻȻʹӣôˣӰתŵؿҲ֪ȥҽԺ
 
 
ҽôӰ׼еʣûʲôԺҪõġ 
ӰףҪߺīµģ˵㲻һЩȥ𣿡ôܷأǺõ꺢ӿ𣿡 
ðɣεص˵ͷ 
ǰĿ˵ĺûϡīţһ춼صˣ᳹׵ʧȥ 
īڳ⳵˾ñЩֵֹģо 
һƧĵطͣ˭еʶܵ򡱡ԡҲ˺ġ 
ñӣġңͷӰסΪʲôΪϲܡ 
ҪǲԸأԸ⡱ҲûҸӰһϣ 
㱰ƻ˵ļͥɣӰ׸ӵıɲϲΪʲôҪȢ 
㲻𣬶˹ϵ㣿ʲôңһ 
īĴӳˣվסҪѰ˶֪ǲʧȥӰ׵ģأʧȥīûôΰ󣡡 
һƻ밴ƻʹȻī㣿ãҴӦ 



Ĳ԰


Ǵ˺ü˼Ҳ֪ȷһһʧĺӣīһȥˡ
ī㿴һ𣿡һ**Скѻ˹ȥ񣡡𣿡ǡΪʲô衱ܺÿ
˹ȥСʱԼôųôСīСʱị̄ĺ񣡡Ск˿īôؼң۾и衱
⻭˿ʵһҲ˵һ϶ģ
̣˵ǹһжˡ
˭ǵ̸ˣ߳һŮˣ㣬ӵģ𣿡Ů˺ܻɵ´ǲʶ㺢Ӳܴ̬Ⱥ䵭ʶҵģҲУŮ˺类ĥˡǸ裡īͣ𣿡ǵģҺܰӡҿҲ񣬽ɣ˿īַ岻ʲôأ
ʲôŮ˼īһѸղźһڲ֪ȥˣǴԲ·ġ
лл㣬㺢һֱչţľɰϲʵûҵְֺܰ
һȢ˼Ͳںˣ˵˺мԺӺõģЩ֪վҪǸңҵ𣿡īһ仰Ѿȥˡûиǻġ
ӻðɡˣȥˣҸղû㡱ѡī˵ͷ
Ⱥӵİְֻߺӣ⣿Щºǲģһϡðɡ
ϵдԤ䡣
֪ܶĺǲģīʵôӰ׵أ
˵ʲôӰ׵ĵ绰ˣϴȥīд
ǣܼУܺãӰҪ˵ôˣ⣬ҴӦһߡ˵𣿡ͷīлãͻȻЩܰѺ뿪ͷ
ĳ˿֪ԼôļҸ޷ݡ
ĬĬؿ
 
 
һҡ 
ǡ˺ܲ⣬ʲô£ӵġӣǱ𣿡ûаīżԣǴ˰ɣ 
ûУǸղһеľϺһǸ˵ѺӴߵġ˵ڶҲӲǲͬ⣡ 
еģӰ׳ʵؿûа˵ѣǵģһˡ 
īīѾ׷嵽ʲôˣӰ׵ɫѿ 
Ӱһ͵ġûлش 
ְְ֣֡ͻȻҰīĽкءǲء 
ӵʧˡ 
īһӰصȥ 








ôīţȥѪһ˳˵ôӦ뿪˺κ𣿡
ѶãӰ˵˹ȥ
Ҫ
ҽԺſڵǻҲͦŴӸˣīɱ֣ң
Ҫ绰ӰҲˣͻȻŶӣ۰ôˣīϽҽ
ӰˣҲ˳һӡ
һ˽ˣܾӣ̫̫ΰˡôˡҵĶӳܲ𣿡
£ǸĵҪˣѵ㣿ԣֻǹһ£㲻˺׶ǵãˣ
ʿ̸ֹͣһ롱õġš
û˵ʱ򣬷˵˾㸶ܶ౾ӦģǡҪ˵ҵĶӲܸܵĽаְ֣
ұ뿪ú徯пܶ½е飡뿪ıӰ
Խȥˡҽһֱڲī˵Ͻȥ
ӰףĽкûлӦӰˣ㲻ǰīˣôǣǣ߰ɡ
ӰǵĶӡܴʱźӽˣӣ̧̧壬ɡοؿźӣѪĺӡ
ллôõĺӡҪ˵šīȻ뿪
һҪ׷ܺһжȥˡ˰ɣīһ񶾵Ůˣ
 
 
ˣ꺢ӻȥϢɣ 
ҪһʱܴûиоӰںһѯ¼ľֻ˵ԼСܵˡ 
˻ڹ˾ֽţҪΪһУ 
Ұɣīţޣᵽһģ绰ˣ㻹ǲˣΪʲôҪīĵ绰ʵұ׼û뵽󣡡ܵͷģīأ㲻õֻҪ㲻ȥ澯һŵģھͰͻ 
ǲУ㣡ַ 
Щȥ˺ȱˮɣңЩжôˣлл 
뿪ӵһ˵֡ 
ˮԺڴϢһȴҪһҹʮ飬 
ű򿪣һЩͬѧԿʼˡһ۾Ů˵Ҫʲôīܾȣ 





ϳȥ


̣ҽ¸ɡ۾Ů˵һСкİְֺˣкİְȢһŮˡŮ˶СкǳĲãΪİְֳعеչ˵ġ費ǲԲһѧУҪǮ˶ˣֻСкûʺҪǸŮ˸Ϊ벻ͨкɱˣ
īһǲ뻶ҲĽҪ뿪ңʲôԼĶ䣬ôһôչԼǾͿˡ
㺦ҰְҲںסһ𣡡ţǼֻ֧ģеĺӶҲҪ裿֪ղǸǸкǰͬѧǲž뿪ī
ãʱ뿪úǰôģ˺𣿡Ҫߣߣߣ
īǳѹ뿪֪ȥΨһ˾ǹø
īʯţ˭ҲͮУ㣡ҲҪ
ͮѹһģģҪɱ˺ҵˣͻȻ仰ī
Ҹһ¡˵ҽԺĹ֮ˡ㣬һҪҵ֪
øסһʱ𣿡úõıסܵʲô̵ͮɣǲǺǸദáǣչСͮ²ɰɡ⺢ô̱չҲ㣡˵⹤ôæī˶ð
û˵ʲôþ֪СͱǵȻӶЦ
īΪҪͮЩ˽ϣȴɵؿǸҽԺĹվһ˵ʲôûоһ飬ѵ֪ڽʲô
 
 
ţصҶͮǳչϰҲˣһҪ׬ǮҵݣһеĴƴΪ𣿡衱ŮҲˣԣڼҺú⹫֪⹫ˣ 
ī֮˵ζ 
ˣī绰ܹīܺͷİɣҪǺܵ˺ҲŹģİְֶûôģĮع˵绰 
ǸһֱӰʲôأī 
ҲصˣָܺȥҺӣӰ˵һֱҪ뿪㿴ǵĶҲãĸӡðɡεصͷ 
ȷӵĵµʶī̫۷ùܡ 
ĵ绰Ƿ塱׼żˣ 




Į


ܣ˾һҪĻҪɡܷĵ˵һߵһ
Ϲøˡ롱ĸгҸ

⺢̫ˣҲ֪īܵĵȴΧ˲ˡ
ô£˽ȥֵѪ
쳣ĽţЩȥˣԼӶܡ
أһλ̣¥ϵȥˤˡ
ĸסһλʮļҳҵҵĺˤɲмҪһӡ
ÿﶼܳЩ躢ӳˣȣǺ裡Ƿ׷ۡ
ױ
һСʱĸֿԼӣ˺Ҳꡭ
ҪҽƷѡ
īڱʹ˱⳥˼һǮ
Сͮﻹʮȥβɡ㣬ĸˡͷ
ͮ׼ߵϣīһǸˡŹˡ
ţСĵţ˦ȴ˦
ΪʲôŹҡͻȻתסĲӣСͮ㺦ģҲǹġͻȻŵض֡
Ů̫ԵˡҲѾˣŹҰɣУһҪ˼˳ִӻóһѵ
ۿҪˣͻȻĵ߷㣿Ǹľ
֪㲻֣ǰǻһ飡
סǸе˵챨
㻹ǰҵļҰɡֵؿ˿ðɡ
˱Ѻ˻ֶīʲôˣͮȥõ
ͻȻͨ
˶ˣŶԲҺ㣡
ô£ͮѾˣݵ»
ҸɵġͻȻѺ˵
׵ܵڳȢǺܸˣŮĥԼɷʲôҪǮҵܵܡʲôһ˻Ůˡ
֪ͮʵͷ
žžẕ̌ڵ
ҪΡ
޵ôû㣡ұ족ͮǸˡ
û뵽Ҳ˶ԴԼĳ
īΪ»Ӱ׵ĮҲľˣʣһ¹µ·
ʧ֮μ磬ͮҪȥһ顣
 
 
εĵطǷ羰Ĵɽ 
Լͮģǰĵڱĺ˵ 
ڵεĴһɽϵʱҶˡ 
е˺ȵ˯ľ͸ˡ 
īͮ˵Щźͮīֶһᡣ 
С㣬ȶ˸Ͻȥ˯ɡһߴ٣֪ˡҡҡڰڵš 
һҺܴı 
ס˷ǳ࣬9š˵ߡ 
**ҵȥ 
ôú˯оѹͮôءҲһľ 
ӣֹţӹøչ˵ĺܺá 
屻ֱס۾ա 
ȡƿɻǱסˡ 
ܰѾˣ˿˵Ϣȡ 
˯һᣬоһжôʡ 
Ӱסлţ֪š 
һжô޷ֿԸһС 
ڶʱһԼôһ˵ߣ벻˾Ӱס 
ô⣬̫ˣ 




˵Ĳ˼


ӰΪһҵİĳУͿͻȶˡһҹΣǸκʵһŮȻһѷᡣ
ԼʲôʱЩ뷨ˡϽסǸΡ
īӰ׵Ӱ뿪վڲԶȴûȥס
ȥ·ͮʼ˵ˣȴûһ˼ôˣе㲻ش
ṳ̂ǾͿԶԶعһ
⣡ͮߣĮĴڡ
ţԲԭҰɣɷԼ𣿡
ֵֻǰɧû뵽ҲˣԭҰɣ
֪ҳȥζǴñҶ޷ˣ
㲻ԭҾͲ㣡ش߹ȥ
㻹ɣСīȰЧҲ뿪ˡ
һɹţҹ⻹ǹߡʯȥȰҲûȥŰְֻᡣ
ǰģīڷͮ˵ֵҪ֪Ǻ֪ΪʲôңҲһ鰡
УҲԭ
ȥʳԣһֱš
µġʯżСͮ㲻úûаְ֡
ûоûС
ʧȥбõ𣿡īЩпǻˣ
ְ֣ӻæ˹ȥʱѾ˹ȥ
ô£ǸϽȥ
ȵˮԻ⣬һ仰ǣԭ𣿡û
ȥţ
ãҪԭȥʮһ¡
ãݵ뿪
īͮȥΪݡ
뿪ǰǺͳʯ
ļܷæ
 
 
ͮ𽥺ָīҲһݣһİŮ˵۾΢ıӻ˵Цݡ 
ǽݿҽĴӵһŮˣ 
»ǳʯ˵֡һжˣ 
īȴһǾˣ 
Ӱ׵ĺӣ뵽ڱݵǸƵϡ 
ʱ绰ˣȾңīҲ֪ʲôطӳˡǵġ 
ʲô 
¥ѧУ𼱣űϾȥ 
ڳ⳵ѰңһȦҲûз֡ 
һҪҵ 
յ绰˹ȥǹ绰 
ղŵСŮˡʲôطҸ·ʮֽ֪֡ˡ 
˾ͷ˵ 
ʮֽ³ʱһĿ 




ĺ


ǸĿǷ壬߬ȭͷݺݵš
ī߹ȥûиоīأҲżˡ
ϢȺ붯һҲס
ǸûаīĲ֪ˡ
ͻȻ弲ȥѵˡţ
ܡķˡ
װмŮ·īѸٸ˽ȥӿʱһѰѺץ¼䡣
ȡҪ˵ְ̡īֵؿͱסˡ
ص
С㣬㿴һӽ𣿡ʲôӣ·أûػصѸٳȥˡ
Ҳߣī˦ְ̣֡Ϊҵˣһǵְ̣Һòáī
ŮԼûطȥֻõͷҰͻؼҰɣҪߵ˦֣Һްְ֣ôңҺܲϲͷкŮˣ
ãǻȥ
СԺķ㣬סҲ˵ʲô⺢ƾʲôҪСֻͮʱģ
صǸо֣Ҿ㻹Ӧðͻȥ
һĵסɣ
Ҳסɣʯû
˵ʱīоθϽȥˡ
㲻ᡭܾͮȣĺӣ
ǵģǣ
Ӱ׵ġǣⱲӶˣ
һҹչתߣӰ׵ĺҪīܵƭҵԼĺӡ
Ծð
ûҵȥ
ûˣʲôЦܲı飬Ҵˣˣ
ңôˣץס֣ڴš
ʲô뿪Ӱߡ
 
 
ıһ½ס˲ʧˡ 
˵˾һ̫һʱɣǡ 
һҪҡ֣صصͷðɣٸһʱ䡱εسȥˡ 
Ӱ㻹ڹ˾𣿡ϻؼҡڷҽǳȥԡðɡܿʼ· 
ļ뿪ˡ 
Ҫܶ˭Լ𣿡ûС㲻ܽȥ 
ڴǰܲӰ̤Ů̫ԸˣӵѵΪʲôҪ 
ҽȥɡߣЩͷ 
ҾܶӰ˵ˣ̸̸ 
С㣬Ҹʶ㣡Įʶ 
̫ˣҼʱ䡱 
ðɣҿܱʲôĻԡ 
ټİ칫ŲмؿеغŲ衣 
һĺӡ͵Ǻһڲ裬ŮǮŭ 






ƽǵǴڱAκ˴ķ䡱
һԭǲΣûӡ󡱡Ҽǵ㵱ʱҲˡ
ǸҵģôҸ𣿡ó˸ûʲôԿԶ˵
йˣֻǰ⻹㣡
̵Цݣй˾ͲӦĺ˭ĿԼ֪ɣ
ԼһİŮ˷ϵҪǮҿʩ㣬ǲҪַң
вˣһҪ˵㡱
ȻţһˣҲЩ֡
ԭӰ׵Ĺ˾ӵġ
³ҪĿû˵ôˣƺܹĵؿûʲôȥɡ
ôˣʯī޾ɵӣûʲôø
Ҫ˵īڷءҿѸٵعȥ
Һ£ң֪⺢ַˣ£û˻ˣҽԺ
ӾЩ⣬Ҹ㿪ЩҩԺҪ̼ġллҽīŷĵ߳ҽԺ
˵ʲô£ܺͷڿɷǲϣ
Ӱײˣ϶һЩŮթǮҲһҪĿˡỳɵͷϡһҪСġ
ģͿļҵǲֵģ˺ܶǮǾͿ뿪ˡ֡
˿Ǽ粢ؼҵӰ׺󿴼ϤӰ
ܣ壿ֿˡ
绰ܣϹڼ
صңȴڡ
 
 
˿̵Ӱײ֪ԼǺԴīƺûֹܲᱳġ 
Ѹٴˣܻˡ㲻ڼ𣿡ûбʵңΪʲôҪƭң 
ͻȻһǺͷһͬҲҸһİŮ˵һҳ飡ʱúΣ֮׵ģضʲô 
˿֪Լûˣû£˼ˡ 
Ĳ֪滹жٸŮˣЩˣԴҳ׺īԺҲûЦݣǲҲӣԸһЩɾŮһ𣡡 
˵㲻Ҫһᴦµģ 
˾ܰӰ׶ԷĿú־˵壬۹⿴ 
ܶҪļ 
Աм䶼ڿ˽ô£һʵ 
ܶ㻹֪ôˣѵԴ򿪣 
ˣǵϵĻԵ 








һƪĽԼαӰƭϴȻȻû֪˭ˡ
ʱѾûѪɫˣŮ˵Ķ˵Ĳ·
Щ绰³ߵСĵ˵ţһˣǰҲҪҵ
õģȥ족
ʦīͮóϿһ꣬Ӫǿͣǰ;æµʱʱġԿ;һõĽԼʱ䡣
ù˰˶Լ˫һԺܺõؾӪ
ͮЩ⣬ϣȥƱһԿԻúܶ೮Ʊ
ڼææذˣһȴͣԣǱ
һλʿӣ˿Ȼֱīȥ
䲻رץס֣ͷ㣿һͮҲ˵һ仰
û˵ݺݵذ˳
ôˣһʱ塣
տԭҰϣ˳
īβţĿӺŭ𣬡ҲŮ˵ģҾŹ㣡
ĲΪʲôҪأûСȡ
û˵ϣ޷ȥ
Ҳס
㡭ݺݵ̧֣ε
Ҹ㣬һҹģҲֻһĽɫ
ѾʧȥĶ̫ˣ
ʼҾûеõʲôʹࡣ
Ҫ㳢ԷɵĴۣ
ĺӣ
Ȼ֤֮û£
˵һҹֻڲͣθûκһ𣡡
ܿյԺĴƱģӡ
㡭īǲˡ
һųصĽŲţĵط
С㣬ϳɡһϤ̧ͷܻһΣգ˳·ȥ֮Щ޵ĳ嶯
㣬ʲôǲҪܶǮͮȲһﲻ
 
 
Խ˷䣬ô£ 
͹ݿˣīȴֲ 
ҲһӵԺĴƱʲôΥˣʯͮ˼ 
ǣӰӣôҸī 
㣬ԼܰɣʯҲֻεصͷ 
ͥī֪ڲĵ¡˵Լ޹ؿǻˡ˹˵ǸҪ⳥һǮ 
ַܶȨҲԣվĽûͷš 
Щѣ͹Ⲣã㣬ôǮͮīҲ﹤Ҫѧأ 
㣬ҪǲãҲסˣ 
֪ˡīġ 
ȥͿˣ 
һܺ¥ȴ͡ǰ͵ģƸСˡ 
ʮŲ㣬Ŵ򿪡㶩ĿͣһλģС㣬ͽɣ 
õģ 
ĹϣһҪȥˣ 
һ£סֻһæ 




Ҹ


С㣬㳤ĺǻֻӻռʱһḶǮģҵҪҪߵӡ
ˡһðɡ
һõӣڷܱʶרע߽һ硭
ˣ˷ܣīǷֱ̫ˣԺеĴʦĻ
С㣬׼һϰĺҰɣðɡ
ȥܸͮ˵ӣ㣬Ժ㾭ӪɡôˡǮˣһԸأϰǣҵˡ
ԭˡǵȻ
īôСͲ̫Կֻ࣬ϲɡεҡҡͷ
͹Ȼ룬ټȥģǸ˻ҲˣΨһһ׷Ӵīסȥ

ҹӰ׳ʧߣ˿۹ⶼˡȻ˿һºۼ衣ڹ˾ӲԱӦʱ˽Ķ̣ҹҲǶβϡ
ڹ˾ľӪҲֱ»ϹʧܿοţЩٶʱһ仰Ҳ˵
ѵ֪Ӳġ
˵һֵûУ˯ɡϹ§Һۡ˵תӡܸһ鷢ˣڶ˾һ뺯³һҵĻչ˵Ļ˵ľлл֪ԼЩ쾫ήҡ
̤ټչﲻţôᡱĻӦóһ֮֡㿴ͻ˶ۼȥ
ӰĬĬعţĿһ黭ˡ
ǸŮϤˣԸ̬չʾţʱ㿴һŮӺйŵŮϵǷͻĬȻﾲԶ˼ӡǾĲֱ̬̫ˡ
 
 
ƺīӰӣ۾ 
ǸһֱŮˣûз¹ȻʹȻغֿһж˵ûɢ 
֪Ǹ¼֪ѵమ 
ǷһŮīҪһд𰸡 
㿴İһñӺīվڸ˵ŻΪšŮӿ˵ 
ӰתͷϤһ۲۵ĺ꾫 
㻹뺦ˣ߹ȥץס 
ЩԱߵӲˣʲôʥŮһ㣡Ѹٳһ˶ˡǸŻҡǻϵŮ𣿡 
һţǱߡ 
ѸٴĬ뿪Ӱ׿׷ţҪץסľ 



Ǻӵĸ


ʶ˵ʶͣãҿߣ
վ˳ŭû뵽Ů˻װʥ࣬ԼĻôʥչǰǲֵֹܵز
ֵһδŮˣˣ
ʲôֹһ᳹˽Ů˵ģݺݵȥ
ڹԢҸī˱ˮ㲻˵Ҿ𣿡֪ΪʲôȤҺڻĳһӶǵ顣
ʱʱһŮīò˼飬ǺమһŮײǲ˶һ˿ʼҵ׷ͼ޸Ǹҽô֪ˣҸǷ˼
Ҳƽ͵ؽľԭ˵ôһϧѾˡҺġ
ԲҸûȥˣشš
īīӰ׻ص˾ڰ칫߶ţһһȻʲôһС
ţʲôī𣿡ֲͮļƾʲô⣡ī͵͵ضź󣬡ְҺҺ¼Ṇְֲ̀Ҫ档
ҪȥɣʯģīϽ㵽ˡ
߰ɣʲô˾ӪڵļҰɡʯҪ֮˼ߣŻͮĹš
ӰʵʱīʲôģȻ
ֻҪҵҲˡ
С㣬һ´㣡ҳϿҵ룬ѾĲˡܾ
㣬ǵĻʲô㿴ǮôֻҪȥ𣿡ͮеصӻǰĹӡ
ôǼ𣿡ðɡ
档Сð˵һĺǸ˵İɡ޹أǵģûжһ˻ô㣡
 
 
仰ǽصʹˣΪӲ˵Եʱ䲻ԣԿηһӵĴְ֡㣿糺ûжȺҾͺֹϵֻһְ֣ת뿪ĬĬؿıӰһҲһŮˣһָ߹ļ֡ 
͹⻹ԣīĶѾһˡ 
ԱϲˣһһʱֵŮ˴ģǣҪϰ㣿īܷӣϣ첻Ӷôˣĸ˵ģôҪϹǮȥ˵ĺô˰ɡԼ֪˭ĺӡп˶ͣ³Էҳȥīɫ࣬˵ˡ 
Ů˾¼Ů磡žһȥ˭ܺջ𣬡ҿŲʲôŮˣҺߣô˵ĺġ⣿Ҳ֪λش𣬡Ҳ֪ˡͱˣǣҵģҹī˲εˡ 
ôˣҸϽȥ˵ôϹģ 
ҽԺԲҲ˵ûд˵ţΪʲôǸ˵࣡˵ˡ 
㣬īͮͳʯˣˡ뿪 
һϹǸŮ˶ĺ˳ˡȥˡֻȥʶѡϹ§ȴķҡ 
ڶ칫˾ˣ³ˡô£Ӱ׾Լһֱⲻó⡣ 
ܶǹ˾۵ĻﾹȻˣʲôоԴ˵ģҪ죡 




Σ֮


˾Щ˵Σѡ
ҲԭӰ׽֣֮ؼʱһ˲ˣǾǷ塣
˾󲿷ֵ鶼ܵģһйϵǸϽؼܡ
粻ˣôأҲ⹫˾ճͲˣӰ׽ؿ֪Ͻ㿪Ŀ⣬ƽʱǻһأĲ֪
绰𣬡ܶϻȥ
ҪǺϵһҪң֪ˡ
ǲ鵽㻹һֹ˾ܡһз˰ģ⣡˲ʲôˣһжġ
ڻûҵһҵģһҪΪʲôңӰɫࡣ
͹īѾҪˣڰæͻȻ˼ߣϰ㼸⡱
ǣ֪룬˵ĺŻҵģǲҪ˵ͲҪˡ֪ôǮΪʲôࡱ
ǵģЩȴûԼӵš
ҵĺӡѾʧȥһˣûҲҪ˵Ӱ׵ĺǵĽᾧ
ֽס˵Ʋͣš
ӵˣЩ߻û뿪˼
һ˲һеļ˽󻭼ˣ
ǻҪҪ˻ʹе˳ȥ
ڳһ̿ˣīں˳ҪĲΡ
 
 
㲻ӦЩ𱸵ǾͿͺӶûҸ˵ˡ 
Ǿ˵ģ 
ڸղŵӵīоЩʹ㲻ı飬ûʲôһؼң 
ðɡתͷʹһһ󡣡ãܺҪˡīԤУҪҽԺáļˡ 
ʹĵģϳູˮҪͿʹҰʱϣӰߣǲ 
һҪ֣Ҳһͷīҧסĸ첲ҿ첻ˣ 
ʹҲᵽˣҧɡ 
ɷ𣿴˺ͺӶΣգ˻ǺӣҽԺҽԻ˵ӣҵ˵Ļԥˣ㡱ˡԥǩˡ 
ܳʱȥˣȹϵϡڿҿˣô˴˺ƽ΢Цš 
лл㣡ī첲ϵЩھΣûʲôһжƿˡǴ˿ȴһ˼£ 




ϰְ


Ӱ״һ绰Թһ𣿡
㣬㻹ʲôȻҵִˮӵİְ֣֡
ллԾſϳ

ǲ磬ΪʲôҪңصӰ׾ͶܺȻұ磬Ҳ֪ƽʱһܶô᲻֪ǲңۡͻȻĺӴʲôӱڣӿ޵ĺҲʱ侲һҪ侲Ӱ׶߽˷䡣
ҹ绰ܿӰһڿ̣ĵص̨Ƨӵ绰ϵطҵ㣡绰͹ˣŵػصҡ壬Ƿ壡
峿԰Ľһ˴ŵ͵͵ñܡӺ𣿡ģûκα飬кܶǮҶغˣѶӴ뿪˵ĺܿ죬Ϊʲôʱñһˮ͸
ʱ뿪Ӱ׻ỳɵģѵһ뿪ǰģΪ㣡Ⱳ벻ŮˣҲ㣡ɵˣ㰮ΪʲôҲ֪ҵû㣡˵ƭԼֻҲȫȫض㣡Բ𣬷Ͽ뿪аɣתĬĬˣˣ֪ΪҲһпҲΪӰײһУ
һڹȥˣ컭ҽԺȴǿտյġȥˣ˻ʿ绰ͮǶ˵֪
īųӱ·ϡ
˾ѾܰˣûжԱˡӰ״͵Ǽİ칫⿴Լġ裬ǸЩ塣īôһ𣡡
ܶλŮҪ㣡˵˵ߵģɣ
򿪣źӻ쳣ƽ͡һ£ҴĺӣŮˣŭߣڻҲ˺㷴ڱ˺ţ㣡㿴ӣôɰҲ޹ģðɣǿ˹ȥ
ССķ۵̱ˣͬʱҲǺӼֱķ档˵ܸĶҲܿɰô
ı飬˵ûƭ㣬㲻һӺڵģܣȻ붪Լĺӿɾǻ֮й
ԺӼңߣͻȻƿ̫ˣ
߳˾ĵرźӣīϳҰѳͣߡ
αأûԵְɡҲɣ뷨
Сīֳøڵ绰żؼңǼٸϻȥ
˼ֻһЩӼᶫʲôܲĦȵȶ̧˳ˡΪʲôҪᰡīǰЩǲɾģһ˵
øô£Ͻʣ˵ʲô˴ǮСͮЩ˼Ҿ˵Ǯƭ˼ҹ˾ǮǷǷģ
˻˵һأԭƭģصصĴƭӣ˵Żͣˤ
 
 
ˣСͮѾ˻ôɣȥҶܣ 
ȣʯ˵ϡ 
īհѺӺ˯øŽˣСīø¡˵ҵĸף⺢ӲǱСͮƵĲ˴·˼˵ֻҪʮǮӦòεġæǾС͹ҲûôǮ֪Ǹ󻭼Ǯҿܺãøֻ˵˵ϣ˳ȥīһҹҲû˯ʱø 
֪ҵһֵʮ򣬿οڡ 
Ϊ˹øˣľĲ档 
꺢ӵīԵ㻹ûôܳأܹĵ˵һ¡Щ¡˵ҪǮ٣ʮ򡱡Ϊðɡ˰ɣһԼ취ɡüҸһҰǮ͸㣡лл 
ڵڶǮ͸˳ʯʢڼҳԷҵաڼͮ׽ллǶɹѹأʯЩпʵǸúԶҵŮ֣ͮЩǰǮвʵˣ 
Ҳһ£ʯһھȥīĸߵҵŮˣС˲ٿҲǿϲͬŮ޸㣡øְ֣Ůͬʱţֻ΢Цûи𰸡 
ҺȶˣСīͿˣҲܳȥģī˷䣬̳ͣͮˣҵȷҲЩлл㣡Ըġ˳ߣƣҶ𣿡ϳɣ 
ؿţͮ⵹ߡι 
ûӦ 
𣿡ͷͻȻȻȥ 






ͮΪõ˵ʱȴ͵ı˹³ɣ˵ôˣҾϲ㣡ԸȢҽ㻹Կ𣿡ȢȢīҸȢģãҲֻҪһûȢҾͲ㣡Ȼߵ˳
ǿЦȴ˵ķ֮󣡡ͬʱЩ鷳ˡ

ܣҲͨ׼뿪У֮ǰҼӿ𣿡ڵ绰ţãҴӦ
źӽ˷䣬΢Цӭǡ
ӣ嶺һϲһõ˵Ӱ׶Ҳܺã֪ǺһΪУҴźӲܺȾƵģ
ܣҾҪѵҪ󶼵ò𣿡ʧıֻôӦˡҺȡ˵غٱ
Ҫչ˺ԼҲԼģһԼĺҸҸ˵˵žſ˯ˣܣ˼ûзӦ㲻ҲҪߣȻ˰ҷȻӡ
忪ųҪ뿪طЩǮźȥңӡ
Сʱȥˣ˹һô£ҲܶǣͣҲܸߣУץס̣ΣգǺͬھҲߣȻͣ˳
ĻЩһôǮΪʲôͲԸأ
˷ҰɣԣǺұߣǾӦġ
ΪǸ̫˻ҵĶߣ˵ŷ͵ذ˳ӶʱӴʻԶ
 
 
Ӱ׻صķ˵̫̫ϳȥڻûлоЩͷĵ绰ҲͨʲôˣȥѰҡ 
ҹʱڼȵһƣأæʣˣԲ𣡡ˣԴ˵Ĵˡ 
ѹϽô⣡ôǲ˵һ仰 
 
īȷϵ𣿡Լ˳Ҳͬ⣡˰ɣЩ죬˵ͮ׷飬֪ҲϲãһֻẦæģ⣿ΪͮҲʹӦˡ 
ǳǸҵʱ򣬳ʯǸ˵غϲ£ͮˣ 
һҪúôīʯŻҵ֣һֻҪԸһӻõģ 
˵ʱ򿴼īŵؽһ绰ϴźȥ 








īźˣøµǺܿͻġɣˡ
ͨˣվǰټİ칫ұźӵīȻԵĺܵͬͺӼ
ϳһҽԺʻȥ
ȼȡҽӰ˵ͬʱЩ۹⣬ҲͷӼ˭ƵӦһˣҲͣź˳⳵
صҵӰ׿ڲͣز룬ʮֽӡ˭ңɣҲ֪Ҳϵϣ
óѵģ˵¥ĬĬؿԼġ裬Ƿ壬ôīһǱߵĶīʲôϵΪʲôʧˡһж÷ףôôᶪ˺أѰҺ֪Ӱ̫Ž𣬻һڹһµ⡣
ְ̣СܵɰԺһҪúñСԺСŮĵؿСӤǶҵĺһᱣǵģֻһվҪصְߵģְ֡īѾþûˣǸǲҪСܵܵİְˣǣְϲǸ壬Һܺã
īסֻһְǾӰףǣԶǵİְ֣裡ͻȻī˵Ļǵɣ
Ҹʱ򿴼һĻܸжīŮ˺٣߹ļ˽ذ
ȥòããīܸˣҲҪȥͮŮҲţãһݣһ˳ȥʲô֣ͮ˵غӣҾҪȥǱ߿ޱ
ˣҲȥģǺãһȥˣʧˡ

ҽԺӰ׼ûιȥӼʾаٷ֮ʮǸӣҲǰҽĻ˵ǾǸӡ
Ӧ˰ɣ⣿ڶ֪ʲôô׺ݵ
Բ𣡡ӻСһʱͻ㣡ҡһȥˣ
ڳϳ̣ĺܵͺܵ͵Ůˣ֤ΪһӵʱûκȡֻΪ˻⡣
ˣΪʲôҪأ
绰𣬡ܶҵ߻һӿܾĺӣϸϵ
һƫԶĵط·ۣƾɵķΧ˲ˡ
Ѿúһ
Ƕ뿪ҪȻӾûҪЮһҪ侲ʮһˡã뿪
˳ӡӰ׸ϵǽš
췢һİĳҲڽţء
 
 
·**˿Ƕڵĺӡڷͣ˳ֵһīŮ˳Ѹ뿪 
Ӱ׾ǸŮӺϤ 
ܲģ巢˦ǰ󶼱עˡ 
еҲӲȥȴѡ˼ˡǿʻ 
һʱľ˿ʼ 
ܣӰڿӡ塱ڼʱǶšǶȣֵǺܵײҪѪӰ׵ѪͲԣҲͺӲǸӹϵ 
ˡ 
ƭҡܵĲǰǱȵģӰҰ㣡ҲЭѾд׼ǩְɣȻ˦Ŷȥ 
һ˺ôƣ֪īͷ岢ûйϵģīī 
ǸⱲӰŮˡ 
ˣиӣһŮΪġͨĵ绰 
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˿䵽еı仯ǸΪǷܶŮˣȴ˺۵Ϸһ
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޹һжΪ˺ӡھҪӣһʮˣھƾ˫ش֮ºûʲôˡ
УǸŮӵģǺãߣѾѺˣӰ׾Ըȥпܾ顣
ȻӦѺӸ㣬飡ºӵģϲϳȥӵʱ̶ΣգҪ
ŶӺڱôҲû뵽ʱ̣ҪҵĺҲҪΪӵŮˣޱض˵ʲôʱű˵ĺ뿪
Ӱ׾ԺûиأЩķ֮飡ƺЩҲ֪ڻжȹģȥī¥޵Ŀ⣬Ϊɷ
һټңźĸӶһר뱣ķź
ҹˣܴźӹ¶ŴϣۿӰ׽ǸŮ˵ķ䡣
㣿īЩȣôҵļҲ˯𣿡ԣҳȥһץסӵİְͺӦһ˯
мźӾڴϣʹϣʱԶͣѾˣֻ߳Ů˵Ӱ
ؿ컨壬ǰŮеŮ˽ī
˯ǱӣҪī㲻ҪߣҪҺڵУ˵š۵ˡһ
ڶ߳ңվ⣬ӰҸǵĻſԽԣѾǸİŮˣ䵽㣬ɱǿµĿ⣬īЩ
ҽӵīĵ绰֪ľʯļ¡
ӰҪҲͷˣ㱾Ӧúһ𣡡ͮ˵ſЩʧ
ºδ޷ݣһҴȥɢɢģ
뿪ЩˣʯοţһҾưɣһУ
ֻڰ̨޾غȣŮȻһĺŮˡԺƯһЩƬΡ
ôôûͺˣͮһȥɣ
 
 
շϾͼһ˼Сͮ˭㣿Լǲɷ⣬˹Ʋ 
£ݺݵ߬ȭͷⱲȢΪ˸裬Դӳûȥƴ׬ǮΪ˱İҲΪƵû뵽Ů˾۵ºͱ˺졣 
Ҵ㣡˵ſʼشŻңʲôţǮ**ţ 
Χ۵ԽԽ࣡ 
 
ÿӰ׻磬ܵȥ俴Ȼ󻹻ī֮˶֪ģǿˡ 
ܶһ뿪ɣڣǸŮһ첻ͬͲ뿪 
û˵ʲôҹڵϵЩ̡ôִΪīȴܶ˵Լǣ 
׼ЩӣȴŵһսζԽԽŨζ 
ˣˣһӳǱȻ֪ôȴζв 
Ѿ˰ҩˣǾ͵ɣħ 




ҲҪһ


ī֮绰ȴͨûõѾ˸
ƺˣǶӡҪ˱ķѾˣ㣿ʲôңҪŮ**ϹҪ𣿡ԼܶԵ𣿡īʣˣ˵űƽһĶ⣬סڷϻҵˣƴͻȻӴޡ
īϽס˿Ĳ֪αˣһеŮ˵Ķ񶾱ɣ
Դӱ֮һֱڼƺԺӦȥīˡµһĻīǸϽ򱨾绰
ʱ䲻Ԯ˸ϵҪܱӰףҪһ㲻Ҫ쿪ʼȰ裬īЩһֱûпܵĺӣͬ־һҪϸһҡǻŲÿһġ
ӰΪһܷ˰ҩˮһֱ˯ӰҵԶϵ̨ߣҪī˹ȥҲþǵᡱһץס㲻Ҫұź׼һͻ˵֪ʲôطóһѵҾû̧
ҲīˣŮŤ˳ƹȥֹǡ
ͬ־ŮǺ꾫ҺϹĺúõȻ굽ҵļûа취ģЩ۹⿴īȻֺαīߣھİӰˣ˵̫ˣôŵƤˣӦúú÷ʡԼϿСߣĳӰ׳ˣ֪﷢ʲô
ӣҵĺӡ֪ܲѺӱˣô˱ҡȻĿݶؿīǰ㱧ȴûˣΪʲôҪɱҵĺӣ
Ҳ̫ݶ˰ɡ쵱Ҫȥ飬ûһֱҶûпĺӣīˣҲ˵㵽ڸʲôӰ˵ˣڸʲôû𣿡ǸӰ׻иģСֱһܣΪ߹ˣʵһµɱ֣ȻңһҪΪ
ڵУīе֤ݶָ
 
 
յı˱ߣ㲵ػصӰûƭһ񶾵ŮİαģҡϲǵĻһؿǵģֻҲİ㣬һֱҵ 
ĺһԼ׶һ۰ûȥǶԽ鷿ô˵һŮ˶ˣ߻ĸһ³ҵĻĶ߻죬Ϊʲô˵ 
չķһЩۼ֪⵽ô¡Ůȼ뺦ңھֽ˵ġûԾͺҵĺӣ֮ԻʧǱŮ˱ȵģ 
ŮĻ𣿡Ӱ׵ìˣӰף㲻ҽҾǰѾʧȥһҵѾ޷ڳһˡһѵԼϵĶпѪʱѸٵ 
ڸʲô 
˵ҵȥ㣬ⱲҲֻһˡɫԽԽ԰׵ӰеļֶˣܲҪ§ 




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Ӱ׾Ů̫ˣİÿ¡
һúôĶӣҵĹһòֿܵĺʹ࣬ԼĺӲŻԭ£𣿿ʲôҪ
û뵽ܱˣ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
Ӱȥˣ˵Ϻܿ˸оŮ˲¶ĥ͸
īˣеķǰܵļڱˣһʼײȻݣкľԼ׶Ҳ£ЩѪˡ
û뵽㱳ҺôˣӰİ۹⿴Ϊʲôն۾ҲûϣˣΪ㣬ҽΨһĲʧȥˣʵûʲôĸҺԶϴҵĸұ˴ģħ˵
ħЦţҴСħ˭ңΨһ뿪ˣֱ۸κδһҪõ㣡
֪ÿʱÿ̶ʧȥ㣬ӰǷһϣߺ㾭ȥңϣһкúõصȥɡתˡ
ӰףҴûа壬ʹһҲ㣬һһֱ㡭̱ȥһжΪۡ
 
 
īһº𣿡԰īźӣ˵ɣģصְȥСܵܲȥ𣿡ְҲҪ㡣īͷṈ̀ץ˻صְ߲ΣˡģЩ˵ıѸٵֹͣ˱飬Ҳȥ𡱡ԺҪа̾˱ǵˣ 
Ѻ͸īӰ׺ܳԾҶѾˡƽ˵ô£ְ֣ị̄ҵĻСܵܣһֱûзӦһֱûиīԸְ֣ǸܰÿϵҵķװҲžʧѾܵͷĺӦûصˣת뿪衭īͻȻԾ뿪ˡ 
īīīʹ 
ءҪ裬īģǸֻһСкҲΪޡ 
ΪʲôҪѵԼĺҲáӰױСкĺӣ 
绰һ˵ԺҪҵӣֽӲˣҲҪ 




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ԺīеƺھΣ𣿡˵Բ𣡶Բ𣡡ȥԶǹȥģ
Ӷкĸ飬벻㣡ôأʱ䳤ʲôᵭġ
زȥ𣿡زȥˡ
ǽɣīרĻ˵˲ʲȻбһ£Ķ˵𣿡ҡ
ǶѰұ˴˵ߣһãһ˼䣡
ҾҪصˣڽԱ߻
Ȼתһ΢ЦԸߣ
㣬㲻֪˵Ӱ׼˼СķǶˡͮĻīһ㲻ҪĵЦûƭ㣬ǹ˾һС磬ıķĲȥˡ
īȥɴҪˡͮܳԾī˵ͷ
ãֿʼˣ˵󻭼ҿɲҪҽ㣡ģ
Ӱ㳡С㣬ǼȾһգ裬裡īͻȻϤĺīҺ㣡ӰױСĺվһ࣡
ӣȥͰְգҪգͨһСīǰ軹ǣ
īߣ֣Щ̵˵ľҲȥģӰ׳׵ͿԼ
ī뿪Զͣˮ䡭ļ
ĵػصңΧ˲ˡˣһЩŮӵϣ˵ұķӦƸģ
ɣشһơ
ܶôǮӶһұķʵŵġ԰ʧõıһҪȹһأҾͲôƯĵطֹߣ
 
 
Ů˽ 
Ƕڿīõܵܣ˵صͷ 
īѾˣһּΪеĺӡʱʱͨŷ￴ 
ЩŮЦܲ 
Ƹķģǵ䣿ӰɻؿǣµĻҵþǰģֻжʮɡͷܶ׶԰ʦԴرо飡 
㶮ѧǰŮʹصͷϲСˣһͷŮϸϸ 
ðɣȻȥһ֪ͨģлл³뿪 
ЩŮǻû߶Զ͸оӺۣҪϲ 
˵ĴԹģѵйꣿŮЩëȻ 





һ


ǲˣܵ㲻кˣ
īⶼɵģӰ׾ȵվ⣬ְ֣ưһ
װǰıķڲҩֱţҾǲҪ裡
ʲôʱҪҺˣ˵СܵôСҪչ𣿣Ƕǵ裡
ãԺķˣεˡ
СܵһֱڿޣͷộϽȥҽԺܵôˣīҲż
ҽԺҿһֱȥǺصģ
ҺҸҺӰȴһϤӰʿСһһͻѺӵݸ˻ʿһأ
ȥӰһֱīĺ棬ҽԺʲôȻ󿴼ңһͳˡ
ҽղλŮʿôˣ㿴𣿡Ҿ˰֢ʲôͷһˣȻ˳ȥ
***
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һ׼ˣӰʵǵģ㣡Ըҽ飡֪ʱ䲻Ϊʲôأ
ʲôʱ䲻ˣȥҽԺҽ˵˲֢֮
ʵǽǼٵģΪģ˵ʱӦúһ𣬸ߣ
īһǶ֪ҲģӦúúβīǽºһֻһҲˣӰ׺ۣǸҪˣҽ˵ֻҪƿȬģܣ
ǶȰˣ˵˳ȥʵԴܱץȥصӰߣȴܺһȡһˣǰĳûзۿײԼͻȻһƿ
ӰסѪС
ҽԺǻţھΣͿ־š
ҲˣҪżӦûµģܳʱҽųôʣԼȥɣīͻȻץסղ˵Ļҿ֤ͷ
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ſʧʹޡ
ûѣһֱ
 
 
ȥ㶫ԣˡ 
ˡ 
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أǺ𣿣ڼҺܺأ춼īȥչ˵ģĻлл 
ܺãһºһرĻ 
ҪԹԵǰְֺĽӣͮСк 
īһԿ 
ǣֺһɿͲˣůůġ 
ٵʱǱ˴˶ţȴһֱûһĲף 
ܼ߿Ҷī벻˵ĻҲˮͬ˵ˡ 
裡ְ֣ͻȻīȥͮҲѺӸīǽӵһ𣬶ʱ˼ҵ 
֣㲻ҡס죬ûȢⱲµģһԺ񵽹ȥҽƱȽϺá 
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