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ڣľ«飬Ҷ׹
ƹ£ŵӫ⡣
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ںҶ˷ͬԼƹ㣬֮Ż᲻ϵ
ЦѾʮˣô˵ҡͷԶΪͬ
Ҷ˷֪ʦҳĺúӣ԰ӲƵصĵط꣬ÿ˶ÿ˵ĻɲϲãʳɫסȻҲҪʵģҲͼʮ꣬Ϊʲôúأ
ǽĺӣ϶кöŮǩҶ˷קȥ

ƹȫصһ£ɽˮ涼ǷԺҶҡҷУԼ̻Ի͵ݶԶͿԽ
ɽŴŻΤӣִﵳţŽﵵΤζҵɮסµġ
۱ϣ̨ׯϣϹűƿʻ¯ȼ̴㣬մŮǵ·Ҳɢŵζ

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Ҷ˷ëˣߣѹסȹǣԷףʴԣĸ֤յü棬మ
ǲŮһֱͷڳŵ֮ק½ԱŲŲ
Ҷ˷粻ݣȥСӼסη䣿ȻСԵ϶ǲˡ
⻰Խ˵ԽŮ溬ŭҲһۣק½ߡ

˼Ҷ˷ΪӢΣŮӼ޲ԣŮȴ֮Ȥ
ۿŮ˵ţҶ˷׷˹ȥ

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׸⸱ԣҲô£Цá

椲񣬺𣬶ұϴˮǱӻѿҶ˷Ĳıһϴˮܵ÷顣
дȻңҲ˭硭Ҷ˷˸磬м⣬˶ͷˮͲǺǿ׳صҺܻĵ˷纮űӺ˺ü뽪ⲻ
ԱѾеĶˮеĽֽӣеĸΧ̺ӣһߵĴ̫Ȱүɡ
ҪҪҶ˷лζųҩСµľͳҩˣҲϵģȻصĳ̶ͨڡ
̫ҪǸүߵĴѾˮɣСźҶ˷磬ͨѾͷ̧ٳңƹűˮɽׯ£̫̫үչܣһиôν
ãоͲСˮһߺһ߳ʹɫʾܼү˺Ƣɲ

ˣҶ˷˯Ҳҩǰҩ֮Ҷ˷翴źɫҩǲ͡Ҳãȼ뽪ű˯ȻҲתˡ
תһ¾ǽܼҷԸȥҲһ飬죬ƹºԺС¥סʲôˣүҪΪ檣ߣҶ˷Ҫ˭ҲܣҳԱҪۡ
ˮüȰүʡʡɣ̫̫һһ檺ܲأ˵ĲúöϽҲӣֻСź֡
Ҳͷϣһ˾ζŶһ˷үĳ谮ǿɲ⡣
Ҷ˷ˮɵ֣ЦģүΪ檲Ϊ˳Ϊ˸ɫǲóԴףȵøүм
ˮ˼ԼˮӣҪ˼ŪαҪ谮˼檷ģˮȴΪǼŵŮӵģҶլӣܲù

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𻨰Ҷ˷ζһЦôҿʲô
ԭڳ忿ĶǼƾӪԽԽδŲãϲǮԾƣʣµĵҲˣֻðᵽϱߵƶסЩ߻Ǹ֪ζ¥Ǯôӡ
˼ҾȻ˰Ҷ˷ЦתĲ豭⡣ӣ˵үҪҴΪʮС檡
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ϣҶ˷ЦҶˣʲôϣﲻǺö𣿶ͽΪ˷ɶ²伸ٴڻϣŮծ

ܼͷֻ¡ҶҼҷ粻ǿŮǴҲмģĲ˵ֻƾҶ˷֮ӵĸ߹ݣԺ˹ٳǰ;Ҷزҵᣬ˵ӢΣŮȻϲɵĳëǶ˵ŮҲǺ˵ɢһʱж壬ʱƾ⼸öŮԸ檣ֻͼʱĶ飬ԺҲи޵λã뵱ΨһΪǸ˵һȢ޾ǲɢңһһӣŮ˼ҶҶҴ̵λӡ
ܵ˵Ҷ˷˻ЩЩҲûбȱˣ˵ģڳ˵ҲģҶ˷ҲûжԱʲô˺еŮӾүǡ

ǺμȴǼµģǴһѾˣȥƹ¾Ϊ˻ȥˣɡô˵أǸУط紾ӣɶĲǿúأ˺ԺȢ˿Իס
ǼΨһ˼֡Ϊ˺ǰĸŮȡʣ˼Ǵӹʣµģ󡣵СʱŻ´ŶʱʶԼͽǵĲͬˣԻʹԾӣһҪȥ㣬Ҳȥһŵܻһӣ¥ʥ״ڳ֮ʱյ˳ֳһϴˮǿðײ˽ȥҶҺȻףǻģͼΪΨһˣôԼĽ뻢أ
ٴǶǷǳֵŮǳμҵݣôҲǵٵģҲܸ˵檡
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ֿҶ˷ǲģ϶ϴˮ»ģѴɵ꣬ǾܴӦ˵׼ȣҿйҵ϶Ѱź£βܸ˵ҡ
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ְѼһߣðţİӸծģһҪϸպãúӪĸôҪܸһתܻ⣬еļƣѼҽܷġ

Ѽһаźã־͵ҶҴ򷢽ӣǣҶҸûдʲôӣֻʮԼȥǡ
Ҫ˵檲ȢޣҲһС̧Ӳ̧£ҶҶԺμңȻӶûУҪμңҲ̫ˡ
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ȰȰƽЩСӾɣʲô¶ô롣
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ŵŷʶʣ˭ѽ
Ҷҵʮ̫˵ţúЦҴ죬Щ˲֪ʲô顣 

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2

2񳴷 ... 
 
 
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̫ˮ˵ϽѾӭլ
˿Ůһü˳ĿĿбӣ󵨵ضúùصһլ֮Ƶıˮɽׯ

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ڹܼˮޱȾȣ£Ҷ˷Ҫ檵¸ûᣬû˵˰סҲû˵ʲôʱţûзԸ׼ѼҾɶģΪүֻһʱ˵˵ҪɺμҹΪ檣Ҳû⣬û뵽˾ͻȻˣһ׼ûС
ˮɸϽѼְڵʮԺԸѾǺź򣬳ȥ鷿Ҷ˷硣

Ҷ˷ǳķʿ黭ʮ־ͨĻһ׼˵ĻˮɵĻرͷҲ̧˵СõŻң㿴Űǡ
ˮɹ۲һɫСصҰ÷Ժ÷ԺһֱûסòɨˣڴɨеׯֽҲûдֵѾҪȴӳСѾͷȥźţٳ֪׵򼸸
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СԺԺеģܰԲܴŵĹ顣ܺá
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ڸ˵Ŀռ䣬ûѾź򣬿©ڣԷ˯ܺá
̸ڴϣڷźãٰѴıīֽΨһϣ鼮档

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ߡҶ˷Щ⣬һûпԤЧʧ䣬һԡ
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ܴͷĽи󣬿үɵʮ̫ҳԵĺܾȣܿˣλ˲ܳ裬⵽үΪҶ˷󣬾鵭ˣҲóԺôţᱡڶǶһ˼Ů񣬳֮ǲģ˫ԺóҲ˵
Ը岢ûһ߲ȵ͵һڳСֻ˵һ䣺š
ﻹһʣ׷ɡ
Ҷҹܳˣպ´лඹ׷ܿһ̳˵ֵĳ񳴷
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ˣƤʳеѾҲһ졣
áֱҵվϵΧȹ׸󡣡 

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3

3Գ ... 
 
 
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Ե˳㣬ǶһЦ俴š

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ֺƢ˵ǰԣԺʱһġ
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ʲôܿθܵ塣ȴӦصԼСԺӴϳ䣬˷ݸĿ԰ʳʲôģȷ˸̫ʳ

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Ҷ˷ۣⷬ˪ż˵˵㲻ϡǰɣֻµʱϡ㣬ҳ谮㣬Ҳ㡣
Ҫ˵㲻Ҹãνĳ谮ЩϡŮȥǲϡģ㻹Ǹ߰ɡ
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ӯỨǵģ㲻ȢңҵᣬˣΪһһܴ㣬ΪǸΨһȥûб򶯡
Ҷ˷ؿȴûж⣬˵ҵŮˣȥɣȥø鵭ˣãҲ˵ڣһ뷨
ҶӲùŮûһȵĳãɣҲ֪ǱԣǶԼ̫šֹ̾һŮ򻨴йԼסĵһֻȴվ 

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4

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Ǹ̫ãʲôקģʲôȵĸ󡲻ңȵеǣҸõġҶ˷ʲôǲ̯ϵĲôòûһ

ѾСź£ʵүλ̫ЪϢ
Ҷ˷лҸͷйЦһ̫
С񲻽⣬ôүǸ̫أⲻ˸ʵģСֻܴԡƷԺ֪ͨ֡
ҪŶ飬С˵ȥź򣬵ʱϳ壬컹˵ϾҪȥʲôðаŮװüҶңŰʱй󣬾Ϳüڴ֮ǰֻҪ©ھУҶ˷ҪǰҲ©ˡ
һķԡƷ嵽Ҷ˷Ժ𣺡Ҷ˷磬ҪҪƤ
Ҷ˷Ī
˵ǿҵģ˵ҵġָһŶöݰ׺пͷϧöȥֶӵĻ
Ҷ˷ˣϾ΢ЦҵģҵȻҪˣ㲻ҲԣҲǿ˵ģҵӲǰ׷ˣ㻹ҡ

ǺҶ˷翴ĵν̬ȣôǸˣеغȿڲ͡װ׵ճҰҧһڣޣ˭Ρ
ǣûǮֱһ䡣
ֲ뻹Ǯ뾡һҵıݣѵҪҰ㣬ƾʲô
죬ǰһǷıһֻԱ˵èڶᡣ˵ôǮѵɶɵڻô
ңǡֿ˵ҿԸɻϴɨԺӣҶġ
ֻҪҲ㣬ʲôǰɣҶ˷ЦѾûè׽ӵ飬ȡ֮ŭ
ǵģǵġָϽͷֻҪǲ¶ڣɶѽ
ūҲԣҶ˷ˣôûһŮֵܵͷһһŮ˰֮߱
ԡֵͷ͵Աˣν
ӣҶ˷Ļİסˣŭ˵Ȼźúõ̫̫Ҫū澣Ҿͳȫ㣬ӽ㵽ڳӻˮջˢϴ룬ȫµİţ͵Сİӡ
ûгڴ־ɥһı飬ֵͷû⣬־ȥ
˵ŸϽ£׷һɫǡ
Ҷ˷翴æߵıӰʧܸиأ;ֲ˺ġ̫ǽ괺ŽģԼС˰ɡ

ҶɽׯĳΪСʹȫɽׯ˵ʳпˣϯ֮ࡣС̫̫õģΪҶҲйصĴ˼ңбԺǲԺģԺĳòˣ͵ԺſڣԺŮͽӹ͵Ժλ̫̫ѾͳºˣζȻôʱȲ˾ԺӵԺ޸ţҲˡ
Ҷ˷ԼŮǲģԺһСרŸˣÿĲҰζǴӴֹƳǼյĸˣмӵСѾͷСŮǼӣ˳ҵģҶҺܶūͶǼӣڳģӳУûз⣬ǣϵһһ
ҶҵĹǣūͲһ㲻𣬹ܳô½ֻҪҲᶪ˲ʹԳǲ˼ȡֽһۣ˵⵽ӶңȻǲ˸̣

ҵĿʼָɻƣÿһ絽ԺˮȻõľ񱧽¯ˮаϴˣõĲ˷͵ԺȻ˼һúˢϴ;ߣպãˢذ壬ɨԺӡ
ָͷƣǲǰѳеĻѹˡ
󣬲¸ɻ
ҵĶɻһ߶Сĵ㣬ЩǾµĴŪһϸƤ
ͷɻҵĹ飬޵۹ϸϸɨϴĲ;ߣͷ㻹ͦϴģٰѹˢɾɾе棬̨涼Ҫüˮˢϴһ飬ٱõڶõĲˡ
ִӦˣѻһ꣬Ѿ˸صԼСԺϽó۵ʱԼǸеķľ

ڶһ磬־ˮ̣緹ãˮͷԺסֵͣԺͷһ΢Ц˵ԸūҲԸźүҲãүĳҲƣԶЩĶǺҲͦãҴլ￴ȥ⣬ʵּįε֪
˵ɫȻ̧ͷͬؿһЦθڲã鷳ûϻصٸɡ
ðֺˬشӦˣصСʼ֣糿θʧɣһЩˮȵʳƢθãʲôأ

־⽣ǰڼ㣬Եúǳů
ƤߦãǼڣϺʵ࣬ڲͬڲõжõģҵĿڣúϡ棬Ա߿š
һУü׷Щͣε㼦ͣʢ⽣㶬ĩϺƤϲˡл㶹硢о»۲ˣеĲˣ԰ʢһٽϼһһȺˣžʳ˿ĭ
һô˵ǰСѾͷ۰Ͱ͵ؿĶ
־ñǸ˵˼ֻһ룬Ǹ˳Եģûθںãõĸǳԡ
ð˶˵պܲԱڸˡ
ְ緹͹ȥ˵һỰԿЦաСѾԺſ̽ͷ̽ԵĴˡ
ֻصʼǰſˮȳԵˡ
һֻСгɿ飬͹ըƣٱнͼһƬϺõĳ껨
Ϲʱְһпڳ⣬㹽нڳһڣٽѺУŵйҽȻ͹ըըɫ̳ͿԳˡ
հըõѺʢͲס¿һԡ
Сָ̡Ѿ̵ֱ죬ȴ᲻³˽ȥ
ζôʡ
ڳ˵Ͻȥ¿һڳټһûԶ׼ÿӣֱץ
ҵ˹ĵҿӣۿټģҲԲϣӢҲץץһһҧִ֭࣬Ũ㼦ںһͷҲȥ

ֿʼжĩ͹ζ̳飬ţԭѾͷΪһѼӴ
ɽׯĴܼڱԺֹ֣ʲôˣ쳳ִܳɺͳүǴһٰӸϳȥ
ǼܼˣϽ֣ͣһģûְһѺ
Ǵʲôףʲôô㣿ڴܼҳűӣѭζӣֻֻʣһӡ
ܼҰһӷߵŭ𣺡ôһ鰡ǶͶ̥ 

лҪ˵лonionmumuӵǳˮըͻڣл1870012ӵĵףҵðģҸҪ
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˵찳ǼҪŪˣһͼûˣҲϣˣֶûȤˡŶǷһ⡣




5

5ҽʳͬԴ ... 
 
 
ۼ⣬ļѾ򿪶˳һˡϽ˵ܹܱ滹С
ܼ˳ζȥֻһƵľ˼ð滹֥ͻƹ𻨣һ˴ΡϽԱһѾͷĿӣһȣۿڸкûһŨľ㣬ϳ㣬һ黹Եڶ顣
ҵʿڿˮ˵ĺóҿô
ܼҲ˭˵ô㳢
ҵ⻰ۼֿ죬һ˳ԷĺŽǣһӵϰѾ˼ա
ܼƵؿʳˣޱί𣿡
СӦһڱ͹ﳴĩн⳴ζ붹Ѹٷ£֭۵Ķʺ̵ĴжΣžʳ
ܼҨһ׷һͷţùùζ
ζȴЩ֮ǳ̣˵ˡ

ϳȥһա
ܼ˵벻㿴ȥôϵյɷƨ
ţ壬ɷƨʲô˼
ͬ
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ܼ˵ԺԺʳˡ
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Ի˼²ʽź˿źүڹܼҹĶ
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ܼˣ˵ðɣ²ʽн
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ܼΣÿ¸һǮ˰ɣ
ҲЦһΪŶ
ܼÿҶ˷㱨ʱ˵£Ҷ˷һЦǲ̰ģһҲ࣬Ǿ͸ɡ

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Ϊ˸壬˼ҽ飬˼ҩţһζջǺʺŮʳãݥ֥Ǿ޻޲࣬ǽƢĺö
ºȻ˺ܴɫʵʱڻ԰ɢһҿǳĽ
ɫǰöˣƤҲЩء̫̫Χ
΢Ц˵ʮ̫ʳ￪Ҳлָ
ŮӶ˵е㱾£Ҳ
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̫˵ԺҵƤˣ촽ҲЩɡ
ʮ̫ĵ˵ҾЩˣûпʳɳԣ
̫ٺ˵ҵͷЩƣ˲棬Ҫʳԡ
̫˵ҽۣ˯߲ãҾѪ㣬ûе¾ʳ
ðֻǶҽ飬ȴǴЩŮ˴˵¾һеۣǇ巭

ȺŮǵҪ󻹵뷨ӣץץͷֻøִƼµĴ̫ˮɻһ˵˼ҡ
ˮΪһΪҶ˷˵˲ȥүȥˣѼｻҲˡ
ҲգݳɩӸ˼ҲҪ飬ǰһҪ
ϲɫлһʰ˶⳵ؼңɽׯһ˶ûгŻᣬڳˣָ˵شӳ̽ͷҿȻǰ֡
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˺ˣ֪ˡֲ߶ֻط³

صңֻкüڴ壬Ҳ廨һһָˣ־ϲӭȥ
ְһߣ˼䣬֪һжãһ֮Ҳ˴˷ţ˵һжãĸȻǮԾƣ˱Ǯӹͷְ幤ֿãһ׬ӣüѾܶҲԽԽãСҲüЬ棬ֲߣϴʲôĶᡣ
ǾβȹûһΣһ˫ֱˮͨ죬۾һᣬ˵һ꣬Ҳμǣ֮ǾͲܿˡ
ȻǰһݣҲۣ˵Ҳ̫ţҶز֪ζ¥ɻôۣԵҲ̫ôǰôݣǲֶ鵽㲻Ҫִ̫ڿԣҪ
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һҪǮһҪУһгϢġȭҧгݵķģצһ

ֲҶͣ˼䣬Ҵȥ˼ҺûлҶǻصԭȵĶ֪ζ¥Ҵʦ
͵͵ӺȥҵһСﵱŮ˶Ҳˣڴ˾ȻŮװװʲô
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㲻ܵú𣿾Ȼ̡
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סʦʦĽУ˭ʦ̻ͽûʦѧ˱¾ͼ֦ˣٰʦҼˡ
ѽҲˣʶˣʦ֪ʲôô
˵Ϊ֪ʲôˣԲſϴ㣬˵ɣʲô£
ôŮ˵壬ʲôҩȽϺá
˵湻ģҽʳͬԴ㲻ЩʳҲҩֻҪƼþУõòԣúõʳҲкأԼĥȥɡ
ʦ̽
Щ˽̵ĲԼĸáߡ
Ͽţˮǡ䣬˵Ҳ֣˾˽̵ѧԼĥĵǲʦָ·ʣµĻԼɡ
صҶɽׯݸĿĥҩţҪ֢棬ҪóԣҩһǵҪڣĸ˽ܡ

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ʮ̫ĵӺ춹ʺҪʵˡ
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ԣɽׯ˵ȶϲ
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Ϊ̫̫ҩŵ壬Ҷ˷Цôģֻǰʹ
ˮ˵үô˵ҿĻˡ
Ҷ˷̾㲻ҪһζģɻǺ͵̫£˭Ǹ޺ˣǾʱе˲ҩ̶ְȥ˭ϵЩҩбϺ̶ͨ춹Ȼú컨ˮݹ
ˮҲˣ·ڲǰ̫кȫׯ½컨֮Ķǧûסˣ˭뵽ͨʳﲹƷú컨ˮݹʱãһνǶи˺Σӻûס
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˵ҪκˣԽǱ洿Խƭˡ
ˮû˵ϵı˵Ҳš 

лҪ˵ˣŵˣȻûǽ⣬ǰ⡣
·һ顣

˵ҩĳ˱ˣ֮е£Ϊֲգ
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ѧϰã͵ô߼

öϲܸɵˣһǴȥûԳڲͬ;ôȥˣĿζʹڲһϲһĵڷܵˣ࣬ǻиýΡ




6

6ж ... 
 
 
ˮɽׯá
ϰʮ򿪵ӣװŻ˿ΣɰϵκﻹྫΡ
̫̫ǶټŮװļ֣ܲڶʱ˴ţȴòǰؿ˷ܵŮΧүֺģһŮмǸļһһ»ޱȵɧǲòһﳤû˶ġ

ŮǶϲĶⶫʲôʵüֵҶ˷ÿؼҶظŮǴЩСŮǾԼģֻ⣬ЩŮޱȻϲˡ
Ķ˿ۣ̫̫ǿôö᲻ƿ۾˵ΧȥѡֻмԶԶվһߣû۵˼̫̫ԼϲĳκɢȥʱҲĬĬ£һ磬û˵Ŀ⣬ȴ޷Ĵڡ
Ҷ˷ЩãȻˣȤܼȥõҽѼв϶гһһ飬Ҳ鲻κ⣬ȷʳƼƷ
װʲôģᵽ˵زûһֲʺԹޣЩҲǳƣһ˼ûС˼ֻܹݵİϷ

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ϰĲȣϺʣζѬѼлȣµСˡ
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ּһζѬѼһ飺صأζԣǻ˽̫࣬ڸʳﱾζ
ټһȶޣûüֻζûζ
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ֶʳв̨ףҶ˷ĿذʳзϣٰѲȶ˳ûκΣͷһţûκΣȣĿγûȫǵһ˧顣
Ҷ˷粻֪һûʣʲô

ִͷ̳⣬Ǹ̫ġ
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˵Ű̳ʢСѽжһ䣬ˣɢŨŨʳָ󶯡
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ߣʢҶ˷ߺԷָʢһֱߣ̳סвȵĳһһ飬Ҷ˷۾ֱ飬һ̧ۿЦЦĿԼЦޱȽƻŭһۣһ뷹ͷ¿ӡ

ż죬춼һЩζĲʳɫζѣҶ˷ַֻŲ¼ȥԣԽԽ
ֱӰѼֽе鷿ԸúóԵֺȫׯ£㻹ļƣԺתƣ鷿ɨһƬҶһҳƤ
ү鷿Ҷ˷Сന˵ɨ鷿Ĳת˷ǳģζűͺԺԸһ㡣

ֽ鷿Ϳͼ飬ǽϹѵһĺֻСҾ䣬еǺܾǰˣֻΪƲͣڷݴѧͽֻܳն飬ȴûǮǰڿܵͼ飬ĽϲȻ뵽Щǰļңʱһûа䣬ڵػǮͷ𣬿ǰʲôûˣ鷿ȻûˣԷˣӵ鷿
飬Ǯе˲ʸõġ

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Խү鷿ЩЩīȸ͵һȥȻŻԭˡ
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Ҷ˷翴кȻ¶ʣת˸Уת֣ǿҵ֮̽ġ
ϣźҹҶ˷Ƶ۹
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ʲô裿ʲôˮҪСôϵôҪ̳ʲôأ߶߶
Ҷ˷粻ͷôô£നġ

നҹһһֽζ۹⿴Ǹĺ꣬ȴǸԲĹܣֲļһ治֪Ҷ˷ô߰޵ļһôһֻܵˡ
ന齻ֲ꣬һĻ鷿ҵĻЩĻҿ԰㡣
ôģֿƲ죬ͣҶ˷ôôģ϶
ְڳɰЦݣллനˣҸĳԺòã
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ന˺ôĵذҶ˷ϲ˵ˣȻѾ׼ǴүĹëܵġ
ˮźϴϴͨͷȻ˱ǰ̣һ˯ҲһҪˮһҪȣһñС㣬һϡ
ֱڵͷƣҸû˵طͷ˯ƫƫһ磬Ҷ˷ͷͷ¶谮ѾͷģȴɸֱվͷǰڼﳣͷͷеգǸһô
һ
ѽҶ˷۵ýһקͷŤͷŵϹһͷ

һ޹״ұͲ
Ҷ˷۾۵һǼﳤŮ漸ã˵ͷ˭ţ
ǲŮ˵ģҪάȣһǿ׼ƢŻôˣ̫Щ
Ҷ˷бһ仰ŪһͷҾͿһµǮŪʮͿʮµġ
Ȼ⻰ǳãŵĸһСǰͨͷֺᣬüʶоʹ
ҰĦһͷƤҶ˷۾
ǣүֹɵشӦţһȭͷˬֻˬҲûпҶ˷紽ǹһĨЦ⡣
ͷź緹Ҫڵϲ鷿ԷĵأɨͥԺҶһ۵ᱳۡ
ҹҶ˷Ҫָȣһ췦úܣȭȥõСȹϡ
ѽѽ
Բү޹գۣڼҾչ˳ף־Щ󡣡
Ҷ˷ĺһ٣һǹġ
ˡ

Ҷ˷סܣôףһǮģ͸źҵģȥˮȡ
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Ҷ˷һۣ˵ȥˮ
ȥһ²ˮ
ȥˡ
ȥ˱ˮ
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ϴˮ϶ٸԴһ衣
㲻ԼôġҶ˷ֺȥҹ
ûˮôֽС㣿ˮŻС㣬ˮôС㣬Ϻ̫ˮкöС㣬ƵҹӰ˯ߣ˯߲Խġֿʼ롣
㡭ӬôҶ˷˵
ʮûвӬүô࣬Ҳ֪ҵʦ޵Σʮţְָͷ
ҹȥҶ˷ץСϵˮӳӹȥַúǰΰ񣬹·
˾ôȥ˼죬ֺüζһϴˮҶүײ˽ˣջǿķûôΪԼĿȸе

ְŷͽ鷿˵ҶٵĺһͳԷ˵Ǽ³ʦ࣬Ʒ
ڹܼˮɹҶׯӦԣжܳԡ
Ҷ˷粻ΪȻ˵ƴԺ࣬ɼζ˵յĴȥĶ
Ҷ˷绹ȰӦˣֱƵʱֲŻ
ˮɸϽѾӭȥźȴɫ죬˯ѣҲвѵǳԺ˶ˮɻֽţ̫̫ǸǾʧ룬е䡣
ô죿ô죿˻ųһš




7

7ⶾ ... 
 
 
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ȥд򰡣ȥҽõָ̫ҽˮɸϽˡ
ܱ侲˵жʮ·̫ҽӵøԶ̫ҽҽһڼңͷȥ룬ĸ͸ϽץʱҪ
⻰ˮɣ̫ҽҽٸߣҲԶˮýʱȣþҴҪ
ֺȻ뵽ʲô˵ȥ򣬲λһһȥҲûЩʱ䣬ʱˣȻ𣬲ܵ飬Լ취ɡ
̫̫۾
Ǹʲô취
˵ȻҪ뷨Ӵˡ
ʲôӴ£˵˵һŮʡ
ָҶ˷ĺҶ˷Ż˼£ʲôҲû³
ˮɼҪ²ô죿

һţˡ
˵Դ£ôɡ
Ůһȣ£Ȼ˵Ǻټôùⷨÿֲ
നĵҪ͸һ㣬Ƿ׷űӺߣҲűӣ׼ѱҶ˷ȥ
Ҷ˷ŵһɶĵֻθ﷭ۡһ˳ѾϳԵĶȫ˳ֳζȫݡ
̫̫Ƕĵűˣֻ´̫ͼźˮ
ű˵ϵָҶ˷ι裬ˮ˵ȥЪŰɣֳĵطŮġ
ˮɾúЦ㲻Ů𣿡
ϰչ˽ǣŮԼаŮװ
࣬Сθ
ˮҲθ󷸶ģСѾͷ˵ȴ򣬼չˡ
Ҷ˷ͷԵ˼أŰ˯
һˣ̦ɫ˵ûд֢δжˮɲţֱⶾķӣȥҩץҩԶٲ跿ˣһڵŻطЪϢ

Ҷ˷粻غߺ߼۵ڴɲס۾һǿڴߵļ֣Դڴͷ˯ţĽëӳŵӰޱȵ񾲰ꡣ
ѵҹչԼһҹҶ˷ţҾô
ֺ˸оԵǵǵ۾ֲ嶫ԺӿȥȻͦɰ
Ҷ˷ԼȻһˡɰһʣҪϿɰǻǶ˹Աˡ

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ˣ̽ʡ
ˡ϶жϡ
Ŷˡһ־ϲ
Ҷ˷һۣҲ㳳ˣĻࡣ
ҵĻִࣿۻ໰ٵ⣬ŶðɣҵĻǶЩΪ㲻˵Ļ㻹ǲˮɽ㲻Ҫȥ磬ȻȥǺζȴ׳ԵģҪȥƫҪȥ
Ҷ˷߶߶ֱۣ˵졣
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ˣ¹֮Ȼܣ˸ιˮչһҹѵһ
Ҷ˷ûɵ۹ⶢһƣļ֡
Լչ

ҹҳ˾ƣôˣҶ˷ֲҶ˷㻰أưˣ
ֿˣұģұҵȻˣҪұ죬ұôĻͲңҾͲұ졭
졭Ҷ˷类߶߶ķ֪ҹ׷ʲôҪļһת˵һôˣЩ¿Ǯ
вĳЧϸôʣܼЩ˵ү˻ˣʡ£Ǽˣô¡
Ҷ˷ɫҰֽÿٺǹһҹٵóһӻ̧߹ȥҸүԴ㡣
ֲߵڵأҲϳ壺նһŵˣûȥ
㻹үĳȥѽЫĳĶҶ˷ȻϣҾ˵һŲкģȻ֮Σ

ˮ泳֣Ҷ˷ѼߵڵطƢϽȰ⣺үôôĻүͻˣȫҶˣϽ򣬿һһ䵢ʱ䣬඾һþûоˣò뵽һµ⣬һ˵ǰүˣѳԵľƲȫ³ˣ³ûˣүһˡ
Ҷ˷˵ǴĺңʵԵ࣬ͳЩѼ߲ˡ
ˮ˷ſģûжͺãүʡ£ҶΪ˶ˣүµһζܲסȥˣֻкòչһҹٳˡ
Ҷ˷뵽ԼŮƽ˵Ŷ浽ʱȴӳչķļ֣ǲ֪˵ʲôá˵ûԱ۾ɻȥװ˯

Ϊ˯ˣϢŲҳҲյǰ˯ţ˿һﲻлչһҹǲȻ뷨ϾûиԱ㣬ǰɣһ滵
ĻȭϱȻôͦƯıһȭ˹ֿϧģɴ۾һèܹŮ
ȭҹȭپ䣬һӡˬ
ˣжĥƽϡֱȻջȭͷתȥˮҶ˷۾һ죬ıӰ΢΢
ȻҶ˷粢ûгԵ࣬ȴֵĲˣڴźתɫ԰׾ܲҲҲ磬ԵúܹԣĿϣˡ
ͬչȥҪʲô
Ҷ˷紽һȣЦûһֻζĺ꣬˵뿴飬۾ۣɡ

ִӦˣԸģڶߵһϴӵһ飬ҰʷС˵֮࣬Ҫ󷭵ʮҳ
ʵ֤ĳЩкԵˣ治ͬġ
ɽǰиԲۣɽиԲɽǰɽۣ֪Բ۱ԲԲԲԲ۵Բ
ݴܣͷײֶͷ۷̧ۿҶ˷һЦ飺ˡ
ӦҪҶġҶ˷ЦֻꡣָָһƪԪεʫʷ
һƪСģʩϣʨʳʮʨʱʱʨʮʱʮʨУʱʩСʮʨʸƣʹʮʨʰʮʨʬʯҡʯʪҡʼʳʮʨʬʳʱʼʶʮʨʬʵʮʯʨ¡

ͷҲһתָ֣˵Ҳϵá
Ҷ˷ʨȻָָȥӴͷۣ촽Ҳˡ
ͷúãԣȥóԵġ
Ҷ˷ͷš
Ѿܵ

ĸ忴˵Цʮ̫óԵýкϡ
ʲôö̽ͷȥľзһ࣬Ǻ࣬
࣬еζȴĶأֿź˼ 

лҪ˵սСŬУҪҪ֧֣ղؽɡȰŪٷͼͼ
лӵĵף׸лֵ֧Ĺǣ




8

8³Ժ ... 
 
 
౾ζգȴǿյĻȷ˵ʦϸĺġ
ô𣿡
Ҳ֪ǲ⼤ԾԾԣʱ֪ζ¥ӣȻֻЩеֹɫϸ۲ʦĶǫֽ̣Ҳѧ˲ٲˡ
ⶫζжǴõûô¡ǰڼһΣ£ǷġϵΧȹ׼ʼ
ûжģжǺѪڻʣҪŸɾѿʹͶҪ޸ɾ۳˻۾ʧһҲ٣иѳҪϸժ
ȥƤп飬ϼȥˮ֣õζҺϺûƾõ⡣

Ҷ˷翴ǰϵһ̺࣬ϸܣ磬һƬ̵ĲҶϷÿǡ
ֿЦôҳԣ
Ҷ˷粻𣬶ǰʿĭ
Իǲԣ

֪ҾͲңֱӳûʲô˵ģ㲻ҳҳԡԱ߶
Ҷ˷һۣ˭˵Ҳң
㳢ְһ͸ƤȴûмеСԼŶóԣֲ˵µһζ
Ȼбۿʵ֮ǰѾڳֻèԹˣȫû⣬ÿԱһԼ¸η˳Ӳ¿ˡ
Ҷ˷ʤۿѾˣƵ۹⿴ԼеӺܸܰСŮӣΪ˴˵𣬻ȥˡһ⣬۷ϸ壬ûϸ̣߷ζݵ紽䡣
˼һζѽֻһ̾

ԱߵĹ۾գգͿ˵Ҫġ
ûͼ𻰣Ҷ˷ѵ㿴㶼ԳˣԣԺʳ
ܰԹȥ
ִһֻĺУǸʽСġ
Ǹ⣬Ǿջ֣ǺʾǱǹӡ
Ҷ˷ʿĭô֪ϲԹӣ
һЦΪڳԹʱ㶢ſ˺üۣʿˮ졣Ҿ֪ϲ
ͽң
УҰͽʲôְһۣһﻹҪǿʩƵĹҵͬģ㡣
Ҷ˷״бۿϵĵһۣʲôôԳԣҪ˸ָ㣬ҾΪѳһ¡

ַ۾
Ҷ˷˿Ǹ֭͵棬ɫÿˬ㣬治˵̫ˡ
ȭͷǸģôܲ塣
ӰԼ𣿡үһһ߳
ҧҧվһ߸ӣҧմԼĭҭá
нҶ˷絹ûմĳ˵ĿˮӹԵú㣬ۣ̫ˡ
ĶְҧøΪ࣬ԹʰʳУԺҪٸԣһӿ⸱
ѺʣµĵװøܣһЩ㣬Цϸ۸ûзˡ

ˮ˰Ѽֽ˹ȥҲ֪ʲô£ȴɫѿ֪ʲôʱˡ
㣬ʲôСʡ
ˮɱԭΪ˺ܵڿܻүĻȻͽᡣ
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˭׼үԵˣˮɫ
ܸүԵѵүǻʵүԶָˡ
ˮɿһãȻȫʲô֪ӣ̾˿˵֪Ϊʲôĳֻüӣ֪ǵĳղôҲĺóӣ
ĳʹʲôֶκˣֲΪȻҶ˷ֲǶҪĳ͢ԱôűԼ
ˮͣĳӲôģԶĵļүԵģΪүв
вʲôˣûҶ˷ʲôȥǿ׳
ˮݣ֢ѾüˡǲܳĵģҲܳԷĶƽʱʳҲҪֵġ
ǻϽҽΡҲ֪ôҶ˷вȻЩС
֢ҩҽֻǰӰˣү֪Լһһ죬ʳɫ

пصؿڲϲ£˵һɬоȫһ˲Ҷ˷ЦòȻǰİԵŹ֣ôᣬ뵽һЩվǸ˵ܲζ
Ƕôᣬһ뵽ĳһɱʬԶںڰĵ£ﻹǲ̡ᡣ
ǰүȥ磬ûгԺ࣬ȴ˯죬ҵĵҪĲˡ֢ûкõƷӣֻܿƽʱʳˮɳ棬Ӳ۾ǣү¿³ҩְʳƣ˵Ҫֻ֣һƤңοΪ⸱綼ҪƤҷӦܵһС
ÿүȥӦ꣬ҶҪȰֹȰүֲͷôϧԼ

ˮɽ㣬֪ˡֳϴΪԼ⣬ֻʵжֲԼµĴ󣬡Ը⸺үʳҷģ½ҡ
ķҲ㣬㲻ֲ
ҲΪΪʲôҪ븺ѵأҲ˵ֻ֪
㡭ˮɳţǲģҲ֪Ҫ¶һ֣Դ˵õүĳ谮ǺղһСΪʲôҪչүʳأɲǼֺõĲʹ
һϿҵ˵Ҳ֪ҪүʳǳʲôĿģֻ֪ʳκ״£Գ϶˵кʳΪ˸Ҳϧ
ˮˣʲôˣȻ˵Ļ֪ȴѾϤʳ֮õ

ֿǣ˵ңҺμǰҲŵڣҸʫ飬ȴ;˵ǲΪΪҽΪ໹Ϊҽ츣ˣҲӣĴ壬Ϊ޳ﲡʩҩ£ټƾӪַˮ治ãԼҵͰˡȴ˼ҸĽ̻壬ʱʱƾˡ
ˮ˼ãֿı飬γ񣬾ȻЩĶڵͷҲãͽһΪڣүĲ鲻תٷ赹ʲôһüҷϳ㡣

Ҹ壬ӽүʳ𣬸ȵؿһš
ˮѾӦˣ
󲽸е⣬˵̫Ȼүʳ㣿֪ղʳ֮Ҫǳ⣬βաүʳǸֺõĲʹүԵˣ̫̫᲻̫̫ˣүַƢִģôĲʹ

̬ȼҼȻôˣͲ;ȴүϲ񡣡
忴ˣҲֻ֧Ҷ˷ϲá
Ҷ˷ϲŨζϲʳϲŴûƺɽ亣ζͳԲ·
־ͷۣʳϰֻ¶˵ҲǺϰߣ岢ûкôҶ˷ƢԴԽʲôƫʲôҪѡ
صٴηҽ飬˼š 

лҪ˵ɵĸ£ȥȵˣ




9

9ζ ... 
 
 
峿öڴ֦ͷոɢŻ⣬Ǻߵʱ⣬Ҷ˷Լɲϱ״˯㡣
ܹȥıӣˡ
źҵѾѩҰؽүıӣŵðϽֹʲôûү˯𣿡
̫˯ɲС˵żӡ
Ҷ˷ϲ˯Բܰʱ緹緹ʱƳ٣Ӱ緹ʱ䣬ʱҲƳ٣Ӱ˯ߣ˯߲Ӱ˻һμһЩӦʲôģ˯ڶγɶѭ֮һĻëҪһ

ԣˡֻ˸Ȱ峿ʱ֮ʣѪʼʱ緹ܻΪˡ㲻أ緹Եˣ緹ûθڣҭס
Ҷ˷벻ñӸסͷ̾˿ȭͷȻһ
ֻɫݺݾӺ
ĳȻܹ½᲻÷ţܵ䣬Ӳһ⣬߽ǰѱһȵıѡ
ȻоһҶ˷˸һСԴײϣЦȥš
දҶ˷һȻûзйĵطҲ˯ţֻ˴ۺݺݵƫƫ˯۾ֻô糳Ҹʲô
ճϢŷ˺һ֮ܺúõĵ塣
Ҷ˷˵Ļ˵ҵҵģθɣ
ӵãͻҷƢխҷƢ£Ҳʹ죬ҲʹӰ彡˵й޹أдʡ
Ҷ˷类һ÷۾ƫƫ˵ֻúݴ۵

һҲ취˯ˣֻϴͷȻ緹
ϰͷСˣһЩ˶һࡣҶ˷˵ʲôǸҳԵģҵıأǸأ
ϷźѾͷǶŵһ¡
ȥҶ˷
ûбŭŵ¸ҵغӣ³֣ԡ

Ҷ˷粻ŵص˵ʲô
˵ԡ
д֪֪˭ӣҶ˷ݶ
ֺ򶨵˵Ȼү
׾ͺáȥүϲԵĶ
үϲζŨʳʳ֢ûкô
ҵҵģθɣԼ壬Ҷ˷ŵ˵ҰӲˣԵ£ңҲڷҩ𣿡
ֺ˵ү֢ʳϰߣֻҩûõġȻֲΣүᣬӻûпԺʳõнڣͿԲᷢ
Ҷ˷Цһ£Ҹ˵һ¡

ǰи볤٣ҽ˵Ҫٵٳ⣬ٺȾƣٷ¡˵ҴӲȾƣҲʳҲɫǴɻʣΪʲôôأ
ͼҪĹڷ½ʳƣ˯ʲô˼
ʲôֺۣطҲиȣǹ˶ȾǷݣ˱ˣǺԼɾͲǺöˡ
Ҷ˷˵ˣûʳҳԲ·
ү㲻Ϊ˲εĲԱ巢֮ĸ𺦣֮ΪТⲡȻΣȴͨʳƲֹ񻯡ѾҪҸүʳʳңɽׯûΪˣҲóԣҲóԡ˵ҧгޱȼв

Ҷ˷翴˼ԺʳʱҪǮһ˿һЦ͵ĿˣֻҪҵķԸͿˣ˵ѵӦҴ˿Ҳ˵ˣֻҪ˭ʳҳԵúãʹ͵ġղ¶ֳҲһʹ͡
ֻǼ˵ʹͻгͷҶܳ϶˵кʳ
û뵽ⰮǮļһȻҶ˷˵ݺ۵ֺηػصɡ
һźѾŵõͷ֮ҿȰȰֻԱ߰ԱȽ˭۾Щ
Ҷ˷˰۾ᣬֻգȻɫ˵Ȼ֣پܾǲ֪ôˡҲգʮʱ䣬˵ʳʹҸоתҾԺȥǳļԺ

һһҶ˷翴ɫףһЦ˵Щ˶óԵĻǳԲµģԲȥ̸ʲô壬ҲܲóԵĶ
ǣһġ
Ҷ˷緹ؿǰİ࣬˵ǳԲġ
ְѵݸ˵ոθ飬ϸ壬อãȹƢθůѪҲͨˣͿԳЩʳˡǰŷ˵ĺãǿͬŮϸĪԵζ֮ζ˵þʳĺô
Ը˵һѣҶ˷ɫһ࣬ʲôࣿȥͨζҲʲôرĶ
ǰٺ࣬˼˰ٺϣûʲôرĶֻСɰڷ¯ϵĻڱСУˮͣճãȵĺȥ·𶼱ůһ飬θʳҿű˳

Ҷ˷һۣû˵ֿСˣ˼ˣһǻɫ״Ķɢһֺܿθ
ʲô
ִǽ衣
Ҷ˷ЦԽȴƫƫòˡ
һһ΢ر
ôģȻûнζ
ǰ˵ʹԽ棬֪үԽ԰ѽȥƤˮϴȥζźͣζζҲá
һ貤ˣԽʹͣټ֥齴ͽĩͨǺˬڣ֪ʲôӣǻյúá
С˺ͰҶ˷綼ˣû˵ʲôȻ⼸ϲĶȴƷʳ˵ģݳڣԵĶҲζˡ

һ߷ҽ飬ȥƹɮѧϰز˵ķӡƹµزȫضһģźͼһõСйǣҪ뷨Ūõزʳס
ǸҶ˷ϵĲȫ߲˶
һ졣
Са趹ըźƬ߲ˡ
Ҷ˷һˣʲô
ⲻ⣬ǺòˡվԸˣо׻Са趹һףֲЩֱ֮ʿĻӭ˵ˣΪ׸
Ҷ˷飬ͳ˲׵ˣ
ӲͷƤȥСе㣬ˬڡ

ָһ̲˵źɴ㣬ˬڿθźȥƤг״͹ը͸ͿۼɡΪү˳ʳû÷ۣպ˽ԡ
˵˲ǰƵģըźȨഫʱο⸮˺֪һЩ߹ȨΪһ֮˽ڰ߽԰ӽȡź鮲ͨӰơϤըźʵۣʵһ÷ǳɿڣǴźǰԣʳź١ּگ迣ӵڳԺɡǰֹּں㵹ˣַջٳؾ࣬Ӵ˺ӻָͨΪ˼£Ҳ
öϵĴ˵Ҷ˷һţ֪ࡣ

ڶާ˶նɽҰˣ躣
Ҷ˷һԸ¿ְ꣬ѲǰáҲԡ˵أާ˸ʻ䣬ȥȣˮԺĸо
Ҷ˷һާ˳һɽҰ㣬ֿڸв߲ӵеġõĶװһˣŨ㡣
ȥȻζٽȴй㣬ôģ
ִȣպΣùʱާ˶֨һ죬Ϳŵһˣζǳ
Ҷ˷ִ̲ʶ߲ˣʲôҰݣ
ɫ𣺡ⲻҰݣҰ۲ˣζ㣬ֻҪӵξͿԳԣ֢кô

졣
ǽ𹳹ơְѲ˶
Ҷ˷濴ȥԭǻƶѿƾгƬĶҶ˷ֱ飬ƶѿôק֣㲻ͷô
ֿĲм΢΢һЦ˵ǰиӽ˸磬ѿģĸĥġȻҾƶȴڷѧϰտ״Ԫʵ֪ͥԼĳӣؽߣĸڼתǬӴԺǾͰѻƶѿн𹳹ơ
Ҷ˷类˵ĹȤЮһ곢ζŨ͡
ôͨĶһǿɿڡҶ˷ȻܿƵؿڳޡ
ЦУƶѿ˵ҵʾгϢˡ˵㲻ҪԱȻǺͨǾϸȱγǲ֡һϴϯҸͨյϲ
ԣ࣬ĩлټ֥齴潴˵պ֭ζ㣬Ҳ뱬ĩ
Ҷ˷翴΢ЦȻöѿҲǶôܣȻôãǽȥõĿڸУԽԽζĳˣĳˣദȥᣬ˵ζ᲻֪ܵ

Ĳܲ࡭
Ҷ˷粻ˣֲӣôϸҳزˣ
һ䡰ҪҪ⡱
ֽӵʾҲ񷢳ҰҰɡźš 

лҪ˵˯θʧɣҺݽߣ緹ЩȵʳƢθкôţѧ
ԲΪ˯緹Ŷ

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10

10 ... 
 
 
ҶɽׯԸоүĸı䣬һղ޾ƵүȻ˼زˣ˺üľƣҲ˳ȥӦĴȻ֮ǰˡ
˾ȵǣүƢúˣۼӶΣΣӽһΣǰδеᣬʳƷĺá

ְһʳֶϡ
һӻɽ䣬ҲǸ־࣬ϵĸཷ⣬βϣԺĻһˣɫźཷĿ˱ǣԵ󻬣ʴ࣬㣬ζǼѼɱ⡣
һǶ˿Ӿ»ľһϺûƾƣܼ򵥵ļҳˣǼһòѰ
ֺ˵ʣΪ飬֮С˻˾ӡն˵ףݣҪֲݣͲ⡣ɼʲôҲǾԵġ
Ȼ渶̸˵նΪʱʳһЩ˵ЩҶ˷Ҳ˵ô渵θڴ󿪣Ѳ˳Եһɶ
ְĲһֻҪˣվñкôԹԳˣҲÿģ˵ôԹһóԵġ

ôСһˣҶ˷Цã˵˵ӦùԹǣֻҪҵĻٲĺôΪʲôҪŸɣҵҽ޸ɣοֳֺõ£
Цգ˼ı飬ԶĻ䡣
Сʱ˾͸˵ÿ˶ӦԼ佫Ҫ񣬶ҪΪʥΪ̫ƽʳȻ΢Ҳļֺǲܳ϶кʳԼôΥأ
Ҷ˷Ҳ˼ؿſЦ㸸׽̵İɣ˵ǣʳʳҲӦļ֣ҵǲЩΪҵðŴŭҵΣվҷΪڸ֮ԼܺҵĲˡ
ڸ߰Ҷү˵ǸǼģ˸ͳ⡣һ̧ͷ΢Ц
⻹һζչ¶ϵЦݣ紺һţҶ˷翴ôסҲˡ

⼸ʳҾˣЩ߲˶Ұ˺嵭ζϸȥƷζȴζԽԽζءҶ˷ЦͰ
ְеĵ⣬΢Цү˵úܶԣҲôá
һźˮɺ͹ôԿ䣬뿴ǳʵĿԡ
ҪʲôأҶ˷صĲ£߸ߵϵýʵ·˿Ϸ죬ͷҲòţûκȥˬִڵʡ
Ҷ˷ˮɴҵӣҳһ̴ľУǽӲӵĻ˸ѣĹâ
ҿҲûΣһ
Ư鱦˵ġֻǼֶЩûȤֻ˵ҲϰߴΣԴϲЩô٣ͷصѹòۣҲ㡣
һƯҶ˷һ˱𻷣ǶŰֱʯ費ޡ
ҡͷҵĶﲻܴữŧõġ
ǰŮ˶ȴܴãֻ˸ҶͳסˡаŮװƭˣֲۣ˿ԼڶϵСȦקҲѾˡ

Ҷ˷翴ܾЩʧֿһӣ˵Щ϶Ưϲġ
ֿǻϣԼϻ¥Сһ軨Ļһ£˵ϲ³ĳʳϲҲģôõ˷ˣҲڡ
Ҷ˷ʧЩʧ䣬ΪЩʲô
Ҫʲôأ
ֿŶŵ伮Ŷ鷿˵ү鷿顣
ŶҶ˷ܾȣͷŮ٣ֻһЩŴ˼ҵСŶ飬һСŮҲϡ˲ӣ鷿ǾʷӼǻС˵㾭ɵѧҲһȻܶ
Ȼö
˵öֻЩһЩʥ֮ԡ

Ҷ˷ȤȡһַһҳʣګԶУΪ£ڡν⣿
ϴ˵ҪҪ㡣ееһܻ־ͬϵ˸һ𡣡
Ի¾˹ӣ˹ӡν⣿
˵Ȱɾ̫Ƶͻܵ裬ѹȰ࣬ͻᱻԶ
˶ĶԴˡ
Ҷ˷һͷʣѧд𣿡
ܡ
дҿҶ˷Ȥˡ
ְֽ̿кĥպ˱ʣһʱд¡ƺԶϰƼ䡭
Ҷ˷ճյؿĽëһߣգʱɫĺȶ򣬿Ķͷϸµ°ͣεıȾһ͵ĹΡ
һʱд֣Ҷ˷ȻһЦд񣬺Ȼ֣ëʡ
ûմī֭ץȥ
ʲôʲôң
Ҷ˷翴΢ЦҿдֹôдҪڱʼ⣬ѣУ鷨дֵʱ˴Ӻͳıʣǳ鲻ġдֻ򡣡
ˣɫֱ䡣

Ҷ˷Ϊ˲ˣæ˵ڹ֮Ҳѵõġ
֪뵽Ǵ󿼣ƿ£Ҫ鷨鷨صˣٺҲѸУֻڹýʲôã
ôˣû˵ֲáҶ˷粻ˣǰҲûʧӣô˵Ƿˡ
ǿһЦ룬дֺòã
Ҷ˷סˣ˵ĻֵȲϱѧӣڹ֮ѾǺܲˣֲ鷨ңôõʲô
ҵϰһ²ѣһҪȫԸá˵ղ㲻˵ҽô뷴ڡֹȭ˷ô죿óԵģУӰ壬ʳֶΣԭ

Ҷ˷Цˣ˵ùҹˣµ˵ټĸо
ðɣãѱúáҶ˷վ󣬳ıʳ鲻յúȻһһд
ƣһ£ʣʣٶһ£ա
涢űʼֽ˲ȶĴϢȻҶ˷ŵʵ㣬ȻЩŨ֬޷۵ˡֻĵһζ
Ҷ˷°῿ͷϣţĸоƺųĳ̻Ϣ
ˮһߣŴǰдֵˣһд֣һԳ̲סһЦ

ʱ̫ԺѾˮſڿ֣Ѿֹ˲Ҵšڴ￴ʲô¡
Ѿ˵̫ʹʣʲôˣЩˡ
ǣԼЩôԺõôأ
Ǿİ취ˡ
Ѿߺ󣬼ֿʼ˼Ҷ˷֪ʲôЦʲôóԵþ̫
ǰӪʳôôݣ⣿ָ֧ͷ˼ǸΪѵ˵Ŀɰ
Ҷ˷Ȼ˸ͷһ£˵֪ʲôԭҲ֪ô졣
ʲô취ָϽ۾ĳëС
Ҷ˷ĳëСһƵģģģ޲ñסëСݺȴڳһ޺ĴЦݣ˵֪𣿡
밡밡Ҳôأ˵Һ룬֪Һ룬㻹ʡ
ֿͣʼҶ˷ۣҲϻֱ˵һ£Ҿ͸㡣
ʲôסˣô˵ģٵͷһðɣ֪ԼаŮװȷʾԼô 

лҪ˵ŶѾ35ˡ
һȰԴ裬Եɶװܻ𡣿Ժʲ˳ԡƹϣƽԳԣǺù˵ǵø°һ׷ϡ

ؼʱſһũһ󿨳ˣ糾Ϳ֮ɫ˵Ĳũ߲ˣΪʡǮ˯ڳϣ֮üء壬ộʳΣʳ׿ôݲˡ




11

11ͥ ... 
 
 
ֻһ¶ѣôΪô
Ҷ˷ȵĲͷÿô𣿡
ȻڳһӵĮڸʧı飬һ˵յѼһﱧڻˡ
ֻûзӦҶ˷糹ʧˣתߡ
һת͵һ¡
Ҷ˷סˣתʲô׺Ҳô
ֽһЦ׹ˣҪ˵㻰
Ҷ˷ĸ˿ˣ˭Լû˵׵أ
˵˵ָϽ

ȻԷƻҶ˷ȴʧŵˣֻ˵ˣζӪĶ̫ԣҲ˲٣Ȼֲ˵ʲôأ
˵˵ȥĶˡ
Ҷ˷ͬصͷԣΪʲôȥĶأ
Ƣθá
ûʳﲹƷƫ࣬Ȼ񣬿ƢθãЩöˣӦԽƢθΪҪʳˡ
ˣ˼רעӣһ˫۾ڱʯһҶ˷ҧһڣǼϽֹׯǶģǺ񷨵ˣԲҷֻԱ߾͡

ôʲôܴθأ˼ţȻ۾һе֪ˣ
Ҷ˷翴۷Ź⣬Цʣ֪ʲôˣ
Ҷóʱĸ岻ȱˮֻιú׳ӤƢθȴܻΪѪɼˮ֮Ķθ档
ֽ⣬һ˷ܵܵ

죬˵̫ǰ嵭Сˡ
̫ˣһƣ˵ұݣԲЩ˵ĺöȴҳûӪʳⲻǺ𣿡
ĸͣθ̫ܰѳȥķ֮ﻯΪѪƢθ
˵̫Ƣվָָҵθû⣬үʳǣ㵹˿ˣʲôѽ
ֲСŮһʶ˵ǲżоǲǴйһ쳬һΣ
ǰѾϰˡ
˵ĳθ̫ǰҪʵĶֻúöȴʣ֪θҪ嵭ʳ㿴ЩȱˮӤϡ඼ܳ׳ʵ˵θĺö
̫ĬˣСŮӵĵƢȴǲֺôˣһ˵мֵֻǳЩͨϡ߲ˣ̫ʧЩ

ʱҶ˷ˣղβڼ˺Ժ˵ĶԻһֱû뿴Ӧԣһ˵ýסˣ˵ģ㲻ҪʹӣԼЩ͵óʳ
̫ô˵Ҳ˳̨֣ٿƷճף˱ǡ
ʲô
࣬ʣʣʣʣʳ뾬һ𰾳ɣƽθ˯ߣԷǰһ
ǲأҲҶ˷̫óҨιһˮ۷ֵ

ǰҶ˷һʼֶˣȴû˿ݵ˼ֻŨ֬ܳӣתͷԼ˵죬ҪҳԷҳС缸򵥵Ĳ˾ͿˣһҪζҲǺʳģԵ˲ʹͣҪ¶һ֡
ǡִӦˣʵϿв㣬ʲôɣ
Ҷ˷Цˣ㲻ϲʲôʲôȴнɣô¡
ǰҲ֪үвк㣬㷸˴ˣʳȿǵĲӦõޣԳԵ档
Ҷ˷΢΢һЦؿһۣ˵ѹ㷽ɱָҲϷѵáܺãֻʱűѣҲʲô
ű䲻󲡣ʱ䳤ˣ壬жѪɻ۳ɴ󲡡
òỹҪ˿˵ϲǿгʳҪҵĿ˳ܰɣҶ˷ӻе
᲻ᡣָϽ˵óʳҲʳӦصԭһᾡѲζܡ

ϣֶʳףҳС磬̫Ҳɼߵ˾ͿˣһҪζ
ԼˮɽׯҶ˷ӭȻ뻨԰һ߹԰ɫľջһƷƼޱ⡣
ڳæµѾ֡
԰ɫջ֦Ҷïʮĵ£̫溬Цǧ˰̬̺죬԰ﷺϼ¶
ߢӢϣ̸Ҷ˷Ȥ˵˵Щæףж۵ûУ
ײ˼ЦЦ˼ףûġ
ĲκãҵĹˡҶ˷˵
ʲô
۾ĲǵطŶ
ԱźѾС˶͵͵س˿ȥüĿʣӢѣҶ˷еһȣѹӣ۾úƯûʲôԾ

Ҷ˷ָſЦ۾ͷˣҪúһΡ
ЦЦ˵ǵҸôһˡϲĹҪʶ֣ĸҪׯ񣬻ҪּҹӡͬʱҺͼĸҪĹټŮӶǴţڲٳּ񡭡
ִ˲̸һĴλϵӣῡδ飬żʺ϶üġ
Ҷ˷˵Ц̧ۿͣˣȻ֮ѵ⣺㷢ʲôϲˣ

ȶ׵Ʈڱ̵ϣ滹ƮŷۺĻۻƵļƬɫľ໨̣ǳ
ɫҶɫľɫļɫõ廨꣬ɫüϺʶųɵӡһһͣɫʳвͬӪɫӦУľεǺ֫༰СѪƢθκʹ󳦣ˮסͣкô
Ҩһȥ̾ʳɫñĿζ
Ҷ˷ȴϰޣ˵˶ϣΪʲôȾأ
ִݻش𣺡ԷǰȽһůƢθͨѪ˻ȣ۲ľܰű㡣
ܵҶ˷ЦЦ˵ʲô

Сԡ
һζζ٣һһ
ⲻǻȵΪȡ֡Ҷ˷ʣ۹ʱʱһƣʲô
ֽܲȣֽгٹζǵ̡ࡢ飬ζܳ١ԳΪһ±ζȵΪһ
ƴһ˼˿һƤ
ÿһڣͷ̾ƤֻƤڣȴûһζÿҧһڿԽˮ۲˵ζǲ
˼˿üƵģֶ㣬ǳˬڡ
лӿ佱Цݣֱ̧ԽԽ˳ۣվһ𣬾ǼĽͯŮ
Ҷ˷ſ۾գݺݵץſӣҪѿϡ

ʽƷֱϲī֭⣬Ƭ«ллȡ
ī֭Ҳô׳Ų¿ꡣ
ǡֽ˵ǰŷƵģī޶ҩʮֲжмأīȽīĥ֭Ӻýͺ;ƣζ
¿һ鳢ţ׽ڼֱͷҲȥ
ٿֻ«ʣ⼦«ˣΪʲôֹԽл֮أ
˵˲һлӷģ͵һֻûд߿ԽëڻտԳΪл
⼦һַǳḻζһɵľô£
úҶٰһŻ￾ֻ಻һƷڵϵģԼľ㡣ҼװŻȶŴ׻ӣζḻ
׺֮⣺벻ģãոãѧҲֻϧ
ϧѾˡ
û˵ڵĻͨûεر¶Ҷ˷ͬѣ֮⣬ɬԱٿſ˵ҲǳȤ飬һյ߹صԺҲˡ

 

лҪ˵Ǹ˵£ԽЩˡ
SHI֪զģһԣְD̲ˣҪļĺȫûˣţ
ðɣվаģǳ壬дֶд趨ɶĺвͬվĺ͸˵ĵն塣ȫˣ˼ǧֵдزĺ϶ˡ
ޣ˰æޣָˣϵдˡ




13

13Ƥ ... 
 
 
ֶزˣҶҰ۲ˣɽҰˡרΪҶ˷ģְزƵǰ۶ලȥҶ˷ԼϣȻһθںࡣ
ֿʵس߲ˣȾҲƣȥѷ
ǰǸ⡣׳һڣ̲ס̾ѽǰԷǸ⣬Щˣȴһ㶼壬һֵĿɬζк˹ݵ㣬ǿɿڣôģ
ִϻظүģү˵̫壬Ųͣʺͺʣȡ䵭ĿɬζԵζС
׸ͣϸѹֲôζԭг⡣
Ҷ˷Լ˵Ļ˷Ǹϣ΢Щθ֮ҲЩҪһԣסүҪģӱûмǣֻΡ
Ҷ˷ؼһгεӱӵƣɫĴлһɽźˬڣֻһ˵ζõͨĴлͬ
ӱõĲǰɣ
ү˵ǣõǰ棬ƤͶɵġ
ֲֶصζǣƤҲ棿СҶ˷绹ͷһ˵Ƥ档
ƤƤĥġָͣƲʱ֣ƶ˼Ҿͻ뾡ŪԵģֻҪܳԣͻ뾡ȫǱҶǮƤԳԣζҲҰ˸ãʱ˲˵үǶˣԳ˳ԵƤ棬Ҳᵽһһ˼֮ףԻϧǰеһС
Ҷ˷˼ĬĬسƤһӱ档
׺ֵؿ

ٷԵñתۺ׹˸ʱҶ˷ȥ
ϳʱͻȻҶ˷
㳶ҵʲôҶ˷üͷ˺һ
˵аױһˣ뿴ǲǱ˼ٰġ׺ش
Ҷ˷ЦãôȻ˵
Ϊ˸ˣǰҪʲôƫʲôλҪʲôͳʲôⲻǴǰ˭ҪǶƶԵĴʳ㲻ѽǵûӣȻȥˣǰʲô㶼ҪëھȻûôǰ
ˣ˵ɲҶ˷粻ͷϳӣһޣС˸Ͻϡ
߿˻صԺȴŲڵ
Ҷ˷粻֪𻡶ȣڵң
ǰּʳ֪λӺƷô︸ĸãֵܽã
ʱҶ˷ðɣģʲôʲôݣϯ˼ҿҶû˵ھȻһӵ£֪֪߳ܣֱظ
ԭΪŮӲͬԭԳ֣ȴǸ˧Ų۵Ļ
ֱĺһԼݣðŮ˻ڳ䵱ңѹˡ
ԭ﷢ôĻ𣿡ֱͣǱһ𣬻ҲɤҲŸвСķôзġ
ޣвҡ
ǿƷòϼѣҼҶ൱Բʵ
һ⻰Ҷ˷ʱÿÿ죬ָֻѹӷȣ˵˼𣿡
ֵͷ
Ҷ˷˵òҲǳģֻҼҲٵģǳӣҪ̳мҵδĸһǸвŸòеλŮӡòƷٺãֻҲԼ
ɫһӱɷס
ɫãҶ˷Լ˵Щأֽ˵ҲƲңֻ˵һʵʵҺҵλ⣬ѵġǾײҿ˵ϣÿΪ檡
ޡŭҺμڰˣǰҲŵڣϲϰŮ˼檵ġ
Ҷ˷翴ŭҲ벻Ȼӣֽ˵ֻҪ๫谮ΪҲûʲôһаŮ˭С
һŮӰԼάϵ˵ĳ谮񲻿ɱο๫ٳ谮վǲңöСź򣬱ūܸ߶٣ºӻǹҽΨһģͱŮ˷һˣ쳤ؾáֲ˵ȥսȭͷﰵһҪڿƿȡù
Ҷ˷벻˵ⷬһعζЦΪԼ𣿼ȻôߵͲҪҵӽҵļţΪҶңõҲþա
ȻԭΪԼⷬǽⷢӣĿ̽⣬ıҶ̵ı
Ҳ۲ӣҲЦģҲͼıҶ̵λӣҲϡʲô̫̫һǮ鷳ߡ
㣬㡭Ҷ˷Ŀɿڴ˵˵ʲô
ôүǶ˺ܴ𣿺ȥ˵ˣǶԺɢ𣿡
Ҷ˷ŭɣݺץס󣺡뿪ң룬ҵˣҲҪ㣬뿪Ұ벽
ֱ֡ĿᣬȻʾصɡ
Ҷ˷Ҳ֪ô죬һ˦ְ˦ȥӱһײϵĲˤɷ顣
ִӵҲ˲ۣܳȥҶ˷翴ıӰֱ

ˮɴѾϴˮϵ룬ҡͷ̾үź˼죬ôַƢˡС
ˮѾźҶ˷ϴһ˵̫̫Ǳ˻Ҫүؾ꣬ʱ϶Ҫү£ү
Ҷ˷ûһ
ˮɼȰ˵ү˶ٷ檣̫̫ûмƽϣһҪţһףүյЩǰˣСûžͿүôң϶ʹ졣
ˡҶ˷ַƢûֱ̫̫꣬ߵļʷʱʱﱨ棬ֻٰͽ̫̫ҶҴ̵λҲֲ㡣
ˮҭסŻƽ͵˵ǴСźүߵģү£ιȰȰȻҪ̫̫볤ȰүúãȻҲҪ̫̫Ҳ˸ˣүϲҲôүݼҲƣ˰ͽ᲻ã˹ȰԼ֪Щʲôء
ûа·ҪлԼˡҶ˷ЦһղſڳҲڣЩǸȴϱʾˮɺԺϢ֮Լڴ˼룬꣬ҲȢˣŲҲͣפǣһ仨ֵϢ
ԺУһ׸ǰǿ棬ִţִ
˵檣Ҳͱ˷
ǡ
̰ģҲԼݣȻҶҵλӣΪôߣ벻ȻصôԭһСŮҲûʲô
ɶôһ뵽ȢˣȻ뵽أ
Ҷ˷ݺһͷ

ڶ죬Ҷ˷綥è𴲣ɢѹ˵Ҳһ䡰ôˣֻǰʱϷˣķȻ¿ɿڣԵ˲Ѹееĳ⡣
Ҷ˷ȴԽԽȥ̸⣬о֣ǲ֪ʱʼЩ֬˿ܵ˼ͬ˿ŮȤ׷״Ȥ˵ǲǴȢˣھȻôׯѵˣ
һ˵Ҷ򻨴йƬҶմۣ϶һŮӡ
Ҷ˷Цָ֪Ǹ˵Цò 

лҪ˵˼ˣʧļľһܱٻͷһ£о⼸дúܲãС




14

14 ... 
 
 
ɫˮڱˮɽׯҶ˷ӾϻصңҲ뾪ˣˮ֪һͨµȰ棬ƹˮɵԺӣĽݣȴ鷿һĨƵĵƹ⣬ڵҹĿҲů
Ҷ˷ЦɣͷôУϻô֮Ҳ֪ڽЩˣղӻԹ˯ˡΪԺԴһ£ˮûٸ߶Щûһʡµģ̫̫ǸԺܲãҶ˷ԹˮɣΪլŵġˮȴԹڲȢظ̫̫һܵסЩˣοЩңĸţһѾͷƾʲô˶ˣ˵ˣʲôô
Ҷ˷ˣǶ͵˯ˣھȻ鷿ŵƣˮڲˣݺݵôǰˡ

Ҷ˷һݣֻܺվһˣűϸ˼ǰһȻǼ֣һ˼
һ˼Żһߵֱ£Ѷţӡʲô˼أ
רעҶ˷⼸һɨ⣬΢Цͣ＾ƪĹڽѵһ仰˵ֱͬ˽ѣͬʵ˽ѣͬʶ˽ǣġһǡѱ٣ᣬѱӡָķУᵱ湧άָ̰ǻ˵˵ʲô˼أ
ּͻȻԳһʣش𣺡˵ͬķе˽ѣͬ湧ά̰˽ѣͬ˽ѣкġ⣬Ǻ˻ֲдϣôֵأ
Ҷ˷ܾһһľЦ˵˴Ӳ˵㣬˵ԭˣԱе˽ѿ죬Ǿ֮ʧȥʡֻǡѱ١һɣã˵ܣȴδҥԻ̰㡣ǡᡯһԹʵֻˣƤû֪£ʵʲôͨǡѱ˵УҪϸϸֱ亦
ôôֱأ
ԻԶС㲻ֻ˵ʲôҪϸʲôͿԷֱˡ硭Ҷ˷Ϊְһ˼塱˵е£һʲôˣеƽʱ˵Ǽ棬뵽塭
Ҷ˷ֺԼܣ˵ͦЩ̣ͺôֵ֪˻ľͿԵõô뵽ȴǡ塱ֻԼΪӦ£ġ

תڱʯ飬룬ʣܽأ
Ҷ˷ָָһ֡²£ڡ˵ȥԼɡ
˼Ҷ˷ûЦ˵ֲ״Ԫʲôôأ֪һͿˡ
ţҲ뿼״ԪֻҪиʿˡ⻰ֲ˵ڣҶ˷ƵúܽǼԣȵϢ絽ϻž㡣
ֺȾˣüͷ۾Ǹ˵ˣĲܺȾôѽ
Ҷ˷翴ãЦ˵һѣ˼ȰƣҲҲá
ǡѱ١ֻϲȴȰȾƣֻ˱ԼÿͣһζȰƣˡѣ
һߺӣҶ˷̲סֱЦ

ЦʲôЦָǲԵģ˲壬ԼҲ˵Ļǲ
Ū½ۺòûȾƣȰʱҾˣƲ͵͵ˣŵ·ľơ
ģֲš
šҶ˷ͷչȥſ쳯ıǼŴչȥţûоζѵɫ֮ͽǹ˳ɶôܣ
ִսЩֱֱյϸϸţҶ˷ﻹֱӰѴĴϣͷ׷ŻܵСࡣ벻ζ˵ζЩ˺ǧ򱶣𣬺ɬڲͬ
ͷһرǣҵֱˣǱܸܣֱǵͷתתͷˣȻӭš
Ҷ˷ݺӶţֱſſϲŷŹϴааЦ⿴ôܵҵ鷿ǲڵҰ֪Ҹο㣬ҾΪһ¡
˵ţһ˫§ֱһȻѹʶԼڵݣ͵ذƿȾܡܱߺϸҹ
Ҷ˷䲻˸ͷƵؿ˹Ƶܵ澵գգȻӢΪʲôǸ£ѵԩҾȻ޴
Ҷ˷žޱơ
תͷǸǰûעʳУһ࣬ɫĲҶⶡɫƤͽɫĺףѩ׵ɫһɫʰ쵵Ļȥˬڣʴİܲǳ
һ˵ƽƲʱԵĶ֢кôֻǲĿɿڣԸ˼Һٳԡ
Ҷ˷糢һڣƤŴ׷۵һģŰܲˮ۲ˡ㹽̶ѿݷḻûһ⣬ǺܺóԣÿҧһڶɽҰ㣬СĽ͸ǻζֻ⽴ͺر𣬴һԼԼ𣬾ԲĽ֪ͣôŪġ
Ȼû⣬Ҷ˷ȴԵü⣬ϯȰƣ֬壬ϯϵĲ͹ⷢζΪ׬ǮʹͣðĲϣζñȼҳС˺ã˷Զҳˡ
Ҷ˷ҹúȻһҥԶĪҪ縻֪ů˵Ǽҳ£˵Ǽҳˣ˵㿷ޡ 

лҪ˵岻ˬˬ˵㣬¾ʣ





15

15˿ ... 
 
 
ӻԼ׷һɫǡӻԼסСݣֽţŷ亹졣鷿Ҷ˷շת೤ǺůĸоڴϣǣȻǺָоҲܽһĽӽ⡭
䣬ϱ߻һȦǴŮװҶ˷֪࣬ıŭʧ˵Ǩŭĸ׺áִһ£ϴϱӣǲܵģҲֻܳĳóԵĸҲ㱨⡣

ϣһ緹ԭҶ˷绹ڱѻܹȴѾ˴Ժȭߺ߻ݡ
ּЦү簡û뵽үҹ˯Ȼʱˡ
ߣ˵ҪŶкôôҶ˷翴ҲΪܵ
үǴһ߿佱һ߰緹ʳó
һ⽣ű̵ҶۻƵļȥܿθҶ˷ҲûֿһװűôӵıȴƤСһıܲ˿۶˿ըƶɳεСӤеӣǳˬɰ
ʲô
˿ޡֱ˵ུ֭ŪԺݸ
Ҷ˷һڣֻˬڣ㣬ʱһҲʳӰ١ٿСĽͺһʵ⽴ͱζйζһˬڵ΢ζôŪģ
⽴Ƿˮ氾ӹʳʱּ΢ݷָۡͣˮƢθ뽴Ϳʹζ˻áΪүĲѾʹζЩľԳʲôûζȻζǶ岢ûжôݷζȡ΢ζԴ̼ζֲ̫
Ҷ˷ůʹ˵ֲǴҲûָ㣬ûкúõѧϵΪʲôôóأ

Ϊ˵ʱֻóԵ˸ˣĸ˵ʳʱֻһԸóԵ˿֣ʳϸЦݣ;ҸĲ˷ǳóԡ˵ϸֱ˺Ͱ
ԴӸȥĸ׾Ҳûõʳ˵ŮΪüݣѾڣΪ˭ױݡûгԵʳ¶ЦݣôأԺֻǶǮȾƴʱ䣬ͼ嵭Ը׵˼Ļġ
Ҷ˷ְڻıȴ֪θο˵ĸܲãԭӳ
Ĩ۾Цգô˵ˣʳӦóʳ˱òͲǡ
Ҷ˷һ䣬ȴĳôһĳΪԷˣȢΪҲǵģͬУȷʵôĸ־ԶôԸʵңΪԴСŮˣ
ֻȢΪĺѣֻһ̫̫һؾ͹ȥ

ֿԵò쿪ģʣô
Ҷ˷ǿЦһ£ǲȵ⣬һҪ¡
˵Ҫ£ֺɫزˡ
Ժһ԰ɡͷʱ˷ݵġ
ǡִӦţ͵͵һۣȻתԣǰױʾԼмһѵķˣ˵һ˵ץסθǲЩʳܻܰһú˵ˣ

Ժ󣬼ÿٶ˷ݵķ͵Ҷ˷һԣҶ˷ҲԷĴǶٶٶڼԣٳӦꡣ
극ûץס⾭飬ǰھ¥ӣÿʱ飬ûʦ̵ӺܱǾҶ˷һ⣬ǷԼǷȱܶ࣬ץסҪǮʦΡ
Ҷ˷Щ⣬۲죬ϲˣһ̨ȫĵͶ룬ǳרעõʳ˿佱ϲɷݣȻõݷζмζˮͣǿǶ徭֮ಢرϲҲԶϵݣҲ˲٣ȴ๦о顣
ѧʲôֲҶ˷ȥ䡰ڵˮƽ㿼Ҳѿϡ
˵ѧŹ뼨ŮʲôĲŮӵ£ϵ־ˣοѧô档

ּɣҲ˵ЦҴ˵Իѧʱϰֺ֮Ȼѧ˾Щѧϰ֣ӵ֪Ҫ̣ء
Ĵ࣬뿴ЩӼ˵С˵ǴҲȤҶ˷Ȼ뵽һӣֵı֣ǲϵĳô£С˵Ǹùߡ
Ҷ˷ȡ²ļ飬ǡš̫洫ƿ÷֮ġϡ飬žµĲͼ
ֿķǡѧһȿȴǺаհĶĲͼĿһͺϽ飬ôҿЩЩĿϾƤ׷ӵ֪۾䡣

Ҷ˷翴׾ȾϺˮң̲סһѣ˵ЩˣǰòȻڱسԱسȴеŮЩ֮£۾ء
ƿԡ
Ҷ˷һˣ˵ʳŮ֮ƫЩ˵ʲôӲǰڵŤЩӼС˵Ӧ¶ǣοô͵͵
˵ǡڵͷ
Ҷ˷ִ˵ׯмѾͷȶСأҹ԰ɢʱ԰ӽû˴˽ء
ʲôһ
Ҷ˷翴ȫ֪µӣЦĶ˵ֽţ㣬㡭
ٴҲˣɫǺҪγѪݺݴһȭ㻹ǽѧžȻ˵ֻ
ҵģҸˣȴҶ˷űļԹֺ

Ҷ˷ڼʱˣ̫̫ǺָܶλҶʹֶ涷ޣֻҶ˷Ѿͬգ򻨴йһ֦ǧ춼ٷ
̫̫ǿҶ˷һһԷһ飬һ仨԰ȻûһϣҶ˷˰һ᷿ʰ˸ס˴Ӱ쵽ҹһ
˿֪ԼѾڶ̫̫ǵİӣֻǳڶУӹúܿ֡

̫ĵǰȫעһζ˰죬Ҳͷһۣܲ˵ȥ
𶯣Сֺֹ̡
ĵȻȥɰĸӡ
һŵĲҽУĵʹĴ
Ѿһ龰ָż˵̫̫˳ֱ˵ˣôУ㿴̳ʲôˡ
ĵųҶ˷סŵܡһ·Ͼ˸ں֡
Ҷ˷һֱڼûȥֲҪ󽲽⾭飬ֺЩѧҲһ֪⣬Ͻ͵͵ǰ¼ϰβǰ¶ӡ
ŬжԶҶ˷üȥֻĵ޵øʲôƵܹ
ʲôˣҶ˷üͷԺˮȥʲô
ĵŰһ˫쵽ǰ˵ҵȥҺѧźүȻպĹң㿴
Ҷ˷һȻ̺Ѫݡ
̫ŵүĳˡĵĿߣ̫̫Ź֣⻰Ҳ˵ǣеһ˳Ͳ֪ԼɶˣҲʲôط
ҿ̫ˣ벻ôĺݰ
պĹҵ֣һػ̻ҵүҪΪĵֿ֡
Ҷ˷üͷǲżֻݶ£ֻ֪Ӧ£ҪһܸӣǸӡ
ʡ
ֱʻȴһԡ 

лҪ˵ŬУСֱŤˣһظջתͣĵ㣬JJܳĿ϶ͻظΡ
DȻľлݻûظС

Ϊ˱֤дʱͷѣֻ԰뱥ö




16

16ͻز ... 
 
 
ĵָ֣ҲΪԼֱ棬ֻĬȻվһߡ
Ҷ˷綢ʲô˵ģ
ֻû˵
ĵڣô˵Ϊ˵ûô
ֻû˵ָָֻԼ죬Ƶ
һԵĴ̫ˮһôˣѵǱϵѬˣ
Ҷ˷ҲһϽ쿴ȥƺæеȥ
ĵһɻţܲ˵ָżװ⣬ղڳﻹҺ𡮲С̡ɤŴúܣôһˡ
һڣĵɫףǻһȴղ
Ҷ˷ؿֿ׼侮ʯˣû˵ֻ۹ɨ̫̫һ²̧ͷ۹ӡ

Ҷ˷绺˿ڣԺŮ˶ǷǾͶ࣬ƽԴҲᣬڸɴݺˣȻ밲ݾˡ
̫̫Ƕͷҿ
Ҷ˷ַ˵֪ǣǲֿݵ˳谮ӣҲ⣬ѾȢ޺úùӣٵǣ뿪ģһһʷİҷѡ
ʮ̫̫еʧееĻϲеνи¡
ĵͺĴһݺݵ֣ɶʺͺ⡣
ˮɺһۣء

̫̫ǸɢȥˮɵԺС
ˮȥԺˣֻƲŲĭҲ˵ȿ˿ڣү꣬ھȻİסĵˣѵǸˣ
ˮЦñѩα֪ʣԴ֮ү黹ΪˣүתˣҲתء
үҪȢΪޣݼҾƲ˵ֻ˵⡭˵üˮɵɫ޶ԣֻý˵ѵûôװүǵˣЩֻ֪ȴ׵ǣҲӲܺ˽㣿
ԭҲƳˡҲ֪ҶװʲôĿģֻԱţҪôװǻʲôͼı
Щȣʣͼıҿ󡣡

ˮ΢Ц۹۲죬ҲĻˣа˲гʳ˿㣬ǵңҲѾͷЦҲѾͷźܾˣǸĵģ˼ҶҷŮӵڡٿ˶ˣӲŮ˶죬û˵İŪǷǣɼΪ˲Ǹ֪ܵġ
ٺãҲܺүװүָ֪࣬ŭʲô̾ҡͷ硣
үܲ࣬˵ݸ鲢ø鿪ְջúѰ˼ҵС㣬ܽܣĸ˭ܲɢÿֻԱ߿ˡˮɷתȰ㣬ɰƷòοպഺúΪԼı·Ҫ
̾Ҳˣվģҿȼ꣬ΪܸлΪΨһǸû뵽ֻĴͣʹͣפǸˣҡ
𣿡
ˡ˵ǽ㣬˵ģѵųȥž𣿡
ˮҲҶӣү̫̫дԼѡ񣿡
ŮӶΪԼ˱

ֲ֪ԼαװûƭеˣֻҶ˷Ҫ̫̫ǣЩ˵㵱ӭţǮߣǮƵġ
Ҷ˷翴ЦЦôɤӺˣˣ
ֳ۾תƻ⣬ԴŮˣﲻ𣿡
˵Ҹô죿Ҷ˷ǰңҾҪҽܣҾ͵ûرȵİ鲻ǿģҷܷǶǵĲءҰ˭ͻȫȫƴۡҲǣѰԼҸѵҺǺþۺɢʱ֣鵭ʱˬ֣Ҿõദ֮
뷴벻ʡ

Ҷ˷סԼȵıϢ˵ϣֱȴ˵˵Ļ˵ϲ㣬ҪȢΪޣأ
ֺḧԣô˵һѻһƿŴ˵֪Һãһᾡź㣬ҵʳﴫ㣬ǺΪǾԲԵģ㻹ǷҰɡ
Ϊʲôô˵Ҷ˷һץס󣬶ݺݵûһŮܾܾҡ
ֱۣĵҲŮˣҪŮһִϵġ
һ뵽Լδ˵ҪģҶ˷ҲҪڹٳΪµĳ˵ǰ;ȫˣô˵أ
Ҷ˷۵ҧ´ǲ˵ʧ֣˵ҶˣˣѵǸ˱һô
ǲǡҲһڷȴ֪ôͲźãŽͰ˵ҪǴΨһİ飬ҪҳϡҲ֪ô˵źá
㲻˵ˡҶ˷ˣĸΪʥܲҳϣҲԸ˷飬⡣

Ҷ˷ΪȫˣͿʼжˣһһȥ̫̫Ժ
Ҷ˷ʮС檣˼ٰŮӵļ֣Ϊı̥õ̫ܹʮλеȻҶҸҶ˷ķΣҲ֪Ҷûָֻɫ˥۵ĵزȥһţЩ˻ôж
佫޲ݱ򷢳ȥڳöд棬һǮȥá
쿼ǣλԸȥ֮һҶ˷ǿԴ⼸͸ǵкöڹܼҲϻһ÷ѡ
λȥЩⲻȥ˼˵ԸͲԼĶȷѡֺαذڳһھεӣθɣû㣬ɫҲ鱡һ죬ֻһǰˡ
ֿڴִ˳ִڲɵõĶҲٳü˴ҲΪˣףҵԼҸ
صҶ˷ߣ̲ס߶ôһҹްն塣
Ҷ˷ЦΪǾֻǸȡˡܸȡ͸߸ģ;
ֻǲص
Ҷ˷Ҳ˵ÿȻǺһԷ飬˾һڻ԰;Ҳڡ

죬Ҷ˷ֳȥӦ꣬ϻʱֻ˯ѡְϵϣ˸ŵСന֪ϯϺ˲پƣ̲ס
ϽѴ뿪ҩҶ˷ǻԲѣֺˮɶֽţơ
ǴǾϵ̫ҽ֪ϣǴˣܲ˵˵ѵػ˱ҵҽ𣿹ӵĲѾˣҲ⼸ʱ䣬򣬻Ѻ°ĺá
һϢˮɺﶼ㶰Σ˵µ
ҲסˣڴǰͷҶ˷ôôѾ˼Ϊ壬ôʲôҪҶӦģѣһóԵģ㳳ܣʵҲ㣬Ҳûˣ㣬һˮͼιԴ㣬ڲˣôԹԵسĲˡ
ﲻͣţ״ε߶룬ʪǰأҲûϵǡ
ˣһûءڴϵ۾
ĨᾪϲؿˣԵʲôоô
Ҷ˷˵һô࣬ô˵ȥŪСˣˮɽ
ָϽķԸȥˮʣ¼λǽҶ˷˵ҵĲòˣ˵һ죬ҲҪĶҲƷᣬѰó·ɡ
λ̫̫ǿ޿䡣ˮɺȳǣûģۿү˵Ȱοţ޸ͣҲΪԸԺúôһ¡ 

лҪ˵ԽԽˣֳɵĶԣֻԼ鷳
ʳܲ˷Ŷ⼸찳԰ˣԳɰԴˡŲݰʧǿѣ
ϹѧĶ֪ըҩϿըҩȴݲ˶ɣʧܡ

ŬС




17

17ٺ ... 
 
 
Ҷ˷һزλȥ⣬Ҷ˷ԾҪܼ֧˱Ӹǰá
ۼⷢһУֻĺȻǷޱͬ񣬴ٸԷɡҶ˷绹ûأ̫̫ǾͿʼԼС̣ҲѹҶ˷粢Щν翴ЩǾġ
ܳĸ尾ҩ˸ˣȴ˸֣ҩһˣһ仰鷳ҩ˸ү
Լ˹ȥţܵûӰ
СѾͷЦﲻ֪ү³ҩÿγҩҪƵģȥҪܰҩ˳үȥʹһŶ
ֿҩ뷸˳ֿҩ˭ȲȥοҶ˷Ǹļһ
ȻҶ˷翴ҩüͷ״
ˣҪ˯
ŵǹζ¡
Ҳǿҩ
ĽڣҲû취ֻúԺȰҩڲУҩĲôܺأ
ԲһҪúͷϸȰ˵Ҳ˵ˡͬҩҲطǵÿڣ뷨Ҷ˷һָָۣͰʾιҰιҰɡ

˼ιҩѾԽܵĵߣԥ죬ٿĳЦֻ꣬ߺ߶ҩתȥһ䣺
Ҷ˷翴ıӰЦ˻ǸѿеĹͷ
ˮɸҩҩǣַԣүĲͲʳģҩҲȥ
㲻ȲȥӲȥθŻµġˮɺܵǡ
³ҩΪҩ࣬ôҩأ֧żճ˼
ҩôܲأ㲻ϼӣѵүʧζ
˵ö԰۾һ⡣ʹʱζ˼·ǲġζʹ˵ζԣϯ㶼һϣʳȳʳٳĲ˻ӰζҶ˷ǲܳʳġ

һ취ǳЩĲ˿ʹζľֶԶҲûôôһأ
һ취ĳ콷гˮ̣ͽݣϡˣۣʹƵϣը˴ĥϡ
Ҷ˷źˬޣᡢ̡顢㣬óԡ
ֶƵĺ࣬Ѿҩ౾ͳʺɫҶ˷ֱζŪͷľҲûζʲôԣôȥ

ŶඹǡǶǡôٽϺ࣬ˬڡŶɫ۰͸źʡ
ţⶹֻǺóԡҶ˷̾
΢ЦŶмҪһҪţĩⲻܴ棬Ҫۯض꣬Ҳ棬ҪȥӡҪΪۡĴĻʹ֭붹Ҫȳԣ˵Ҫ˵ڳ
ҲڳҲԱ߳Ա˵Ҷ˷Ҩһ׳ȥȻ˵Զ˵ȻõҩҲóҵͷ
ߡֱװزΣ̫ҽҲϷҲóҲҵ۾
ҲЩŮǵĿҵĲҲװģұвⲡǲ֢֮ˣ»
졣ס죬ּô˵
Ҷ˷ס֣۾һգգؿ㵣ң
ҵȻˣ㣬ԺҪȾˣҪٳԶʳúóҩвУұ֤ÿɿζ
Ȼ㶼ôˣôԶԼ˷أһᾡ˵

ָ˵ЦգҶ˷翴ЦÿģƲۣ˵Ȳùңֻò֮Щǵ⣬û뵽ȻĶ˾̫̫Ҫңܻĳ¡
Ҷ˷һ£û˵ʲô£ֻ˵ˮׯӵļҲѧŹ뷨Ūòźĸס
ģֻҪҲġ
Ҷ˷֣ĸ׾իĵûʲôرϲţ͸󣬰һҪ⡣
ֹҶ̫̫ﳤסҪʹĻ⣬ѵҶ˷绹ûзҪȢΪ޵ͷ
ֶ׵ϼ֦ȦȦ˼룬Ҳ벻ԼҶ˷δʲôǰ;

ܿ죬Ҷ̫̫ʹ˱ˮɽׯҶ˷ȫׯӭţ˽ΣӭԷ˲裬˵ӲТһС۵ĸˣʵǲ
Ҷ̫̫ܴȰؿ˵ҵĶɫǰöˣǰˮд˵㲡ˣɰŻˡ
˵ϸɫȷǱǰöˡ
Ҷ˷˵ӵ˲֢֮ԭҲǹһһ죬ɫԣȰҲһЩ
Ҷ̫̫šͷȻȰ⵹ˣ˭ôб°
Ҳϲȴʳҳԣҷŭ֮Ϊ˵ʳҪǾ԰кĶ˳ԣʳҲҪԼļ֣ƣԼ帺𡣡
Ҷ˷˵̲סЦв˵ҲʳôҲԲϱķֻóˡȻزΪûзʺ֮üɿڣҾͳȥٸҩֵϢǰЩˡ
Ҷ̫̫ܸȤ͵󣬲óԵĶһҲܰ㲻ԵĶÿɿڣ⵹ǲ˼顣
Ҷ˷ЦᣬмҪõγˮҲޱȶΪʳгԵһʳ֮˵ĳ
ҶˡҶ̫̫ͷŲŲ裬üۼųɫҶ˷ѾȥŸԼѾˣֻ˼ҾãǸ仧ϲֳۿҶ˷ü۽Ƕ˼ȻˣǲܷǺá

ϵĽӷɼһֲٰ죬ʳףȳůθƷ
Ҷ˷ࡣ
Ǹүģֹʣ֢áɽҩǸ̫̫õģɽҩгϸ;װ࣬ټ보ĺ֥飬ţ̺õǣԿ˥ϣ٣ʺá
Ҷ̫̫⣬ʵôǷǰأ
ִǰůƢθҺ̫̫ĹһֱѹЩʳﲻãʹƢθתٽʳͿˡ
ܺãܵ

ˣҶ˷ϵϺʶϺʵӶڼƬڣ۲˿һζǴƤ˿Ƥե֭˿εۺ֭ãȻ͹Һõϵһ֭ʱͺʹס
ֽ˵ƤζˮףζʣвѪĹЧͬÿƽαʡ
Ҷ̫̫ͷ̾ǷˣѹַӺöˡ
Ӧġһ˵һ߽רŸҶ̫̫Ĳˡ

̹ıҶõĶͷúϹбװ̣ȥ̰񣬳Խȥɿڡ
ۻƣ۲ж̺͡ˮ񡢺ܲཷгͬȵ˿죬۲˷һЩһ빽ãһɫɫ
峴зۣͺٰܲ࣬ˮͶ˿ӽĩͣȻ͹Գϻƾףȥӳзۺ󡣳ζ㣬Ͷ壬Ҷ̫̫⡣
Ƿٺϣ
ٺΣֹȰ񣬷УߺãЧǿҿ̫̫ʱЩԣ̵ȴ࣬ˮȴ촽֮Գζˡ
ϸҶ̫̫̾˷˵ĲеĳôˣⲻܰʳҲҪһˡ
˵Ҩһ׳£Ŵ㣬ȥú

һ߳һϸϸԱ߲˵ļ֣أͷֻһ֧ľûʲôΣǿȥ޺֮ɫһŮеѺͿʣģҲܴ󷽡
Ѿʳ裬Ҷ̫̫£ºҶ˷˵˵˾
ǰĸ׾ô
ѵõĺúӣô˼ҼõΣ
Ҷ˷ΣҸˣҵļҵӶڳϲ˵ϲ飬Ҫҵ鷿
ѵʵȴһԺԵķɣǸʫԻҶ̫̫Լֺ⣬ģƷãܵõĸ
Ҷ˷˷ܵЦݣĸ׵˼ͬȢΪˣ
Ϊ޲УûҶ̫̫óԼ
ǣҪȢΪޣҶ˷ЩˣǰЩ쿪ʼҾѾʼǲɢˣӰΪʥ׷Ψһ׷ҳϣԸ˷顣
˵Ҷ̫̫ˣݣʸޣȻ˵ʲôΨһʲôҳϣˣôû֮ôҡЩĲˣֲʥ˵Ů޲űǵ£⻰Ȼ
ĸסҶ˷ˣվ˵ʲô
Ҷ̫̫˾ɲϽο˵Ҳüһ԰ӣٺơ 

лҪ˵£ûиŪһ㡣
սСӭ̫ҪոҪոԲ𣬰״


ǰСѣȥԿģ˳հؼҰɣů




18

18 ... 
 
 
峿ˮɽׯһƬ֣ҹһѩׯ̨ͤ¥󣬡С·ɽľװԵô
ԼɽľãǹѩõطҶ˷Ҷ̫̫緹
Ҷ̫̫ϷḻСˣʲѣ˿ѩ˴ƤȻزΪȴʣȥۣɿڣɼǻ˼ġܹϲζҶ˷ЩزˣʵǲףԿóʳȫûд԰ڵ˼Ϊʳ롣
ԼֵĲ˼֡Ҷ̫̫ضԼ˵ʲôࣿ
ִ÷࣬÷;׽һҹĻ÷ΣԷ֢кô̫̫ǰٺϰױⶹֹ࣬á
Ǽʲôʲô
ϳһЩؽȣһЩһӨưѩǳÿ
ִ𣺡ǰѩ⣬ɽҩʵӡŴ׻ȫһĥɷۣɸ죬ϰǡвƢθٵĹЧ
һ¶⣬컨ۣ۹ĥɷټ̶ۻװͿ͵Բ죬򣬶үĲЧ
Ҷ˷ÿӲ˲˵ûζ̫óԡ
Ҳ죬ֻЦпҪô¶⣬Ҫôǿҩѡһ

Ҷ˷Թѡ¶⡣Ҷ̫̫ôŤӵεҡҡͷһѩһڣŴ󻬣ʶ
ѩǰԹҶ̫̫һ£ܾǰ͵ʱԹζ˵Ǵŷģô
ֲ˵Լ֪ζ¥۵£ֻ˵һҾ¥ʦ̵ġ

ף̫̫ϵֺܾȣҶ̫̫Ȼ֪Ǹֻ֪ȾˣǮ
ֻ˵շǳŷܹܣȴݺǸ˾һͽܣȥλĻְ磬벻ھ¥ﵱʦҶ̫̫ϧ̾
ֲʦԸͽܣԭǰҲΪͽܾԭ
ܰѧм󣬻ѵáҶֿ̫̫佱һ䡣

극Ҷ̫̫Ҫ԰ߣҶ˷Щĵؿһֻۣû鷿һ߶һߵϢ
Ҷ̫̫԰ɢʳһͥĸֵܽúһЩҳӵĻһһˣĨ
Ҷ̫̫ȥǳװǻֻ³ᴩҪ⣬ȻҶ̫̫ǰѩϰڰһ
ʲô
ǰһһѾ
ʲôơ
ֲòѼĶҶ̫̫һɫּŭд
Ҷ̫̫Ҳû˼ٹ԰ӣص˽ˮɣͷһѵ⣺ǸʲôԵģҰүи㣬ģ
ˮŵսսʵ̫̫˵ļˮɰ컵ˣ
㿴ʲôҶ̫̫Ѳ԰Ķø
ˮһӵŮʱߵ᣺ⲻҵĶ
֪ⲻģǴСź֪񷨣Ҷ̫̫Ĳɵ÷Ż㸺ܼңԺȻ֪ƽʱôܵģֻһζˣūǶݵòͳˡ

ˮɲ֪һԽ´Ҷ˷翴Ҳû˵ʵⲻܹɽׯ·ŵúܿҶ˷˼
Ҷ̫̫ȴô˷׵·н٣żĸ鳭Ѿ
һ죬̫ܿһСѾͷ﷭Υһᣬһ˫ѾһЬ
Ҷ̫̫ʲôģ
ѾͷȻɬȴ£зǣ˵ЬҸһϲĸģǼһҪõĽ͵ģ崺ȴҵġ
Ҷ̫̫ԴΣһδ޵Ĺ˽ܳɺͳȻΪܣһȻӣҿȥƺû˵ѣ崺ģׯﲻҪѾͷֹһ
Ѿͷȥʮ壬ˡ

һЩˣҲ˲Ҷ˷ڸʹɫֱӶҶ̫̫˵̫̫ϢŭʥƣŮң֮ףʳŮ֮ŮǷ׳ģα˼ƽϡ
˵ҹڼƽϣҶ̫̫ݺݵ
һҲ£˵Ѿͷ˻ͣĳӶ˺øУҲ㲻ʲô񼫣Ҫ˵Ҳֻǲ˽ܻ˹أοôط䵽ǰطǻ
㡭㡭Ҷ̫̫ö£ʲô˼ѵ˵Ҫװһζĺˣȴ֪լôܼҵʢ
ǡ˵ʲô
סڡҶ˷缰ʱֹ㶮ʲôȻҶײ̫̫¡
ּҶ˷ֱʹɫҲֻ¡
Ҷ˷ֺҶ̫̫˵ĸײҪ£ͷһúõĹ̡ܽ
Ҷ̫̫⣺㿴㣬Ϊ㿴е˶ôˣȴ˲ַ֪ŵˡδ޵ŮӺ˰˽ͨȻ˵ʲô׶Щʲô飿϶ǶЩҰʷ飬ӡ
ĸ˵ǣһúõ˵׼ʶԼĴ󡣡
Ҷ̫̫ȰƽЩ

Ҷ˷Ҷ̫̫ˣֻͷҼ֡
ּʱ⬰ọ̈̄˵ҪǸң;ؼңٲ㡣
Ҷ˷ֺЦʲôֻ˵㲻õ˺̫̫ײĹôŤת㶥ײûùӣ˳Ѿͷˡ
ţ־ȵԲ۾
˵ð˺üŮڼҸɻĸóѾͷȥɣȻһԺԺ˵
־ϲ벻Ȼôá
Ҷ˷ЦҶҷϽѾͷ˽ͨģ˵ģʳŮ֮۽ҶÿݡׯѾͷ˽飬Ҷֻ۱ֻۣҲ̫ݣ崺ҾȻ컯԰̫̫ţҲãʡǿҶ¿ݣԽſˡ
벻ȻҲԼһԡһԵ񷨣벻˾ȻǸ֪һʱӢɰˡ
Ҷ˷˵ȻЩѹԵ̣ҲҪ̫̫ӲãˣĿҲﲻοࣿ
Ҳŷ˵ðɣģ̫̫ˣҲﳤˣ۸ʲôʲô
ˡҶ˷̲סò˺̫̫ǡҵϣίһ¡

ҪԼҶ̫̫㲻ǣЩãҲû˵ʲôȥоȡһ뵽Ҷ˷㺣ûɵơ
ʲôأһ
һͷһԭǰѾͷ
Ѿͷң̫̫ˣʲôԵϲͱˡ
ôƲƲ˵үȥ̫̫ȻмҲ˶үȻƫСӣҲôƫҲۼүܸɣԸôһݼҵƾʲôָֻţѵ㣬˵ҲûʲôԣлŮ֮飬ôͳˣ
ȻҶİԣҶү̫̫ү֮£ֶԱ˼ҵǷǲȤֻҶҵĶүҶû֢ԭΪⲡ˵ģҲˡ

緹ʱˮϲˣȣ˫֥ɡ𻨰㵰ȥͨȴΪθƮŰɫӣɫˣɫĻ˿д΢ǳˬڡ
Ҷ̫̫ңҲԹټȣеζǳɿڣǼ˴סϸƷǳζôġ
ôŪģζر𡣡
̫̫ʣˮɰѼֽҶ̫̫һ
ֺõЦЦ֪̫̫»ӰԷθڣζζõĲǴףƹ֭׵ζζӽȻ
Ҷ̫̫ȣ벻Ȼƹ֭ףȻˡ
ʳ˲ҪʳһҪóʳ죬ǾΡҶײ̫̫Ҫʹ̫̫ģԵÿҲŷģҪ˯žˡ
Ҷ̫̫Ūò֪üǸЦѽû취
Ҷ˷翴̬ȣǲ̫ˣϽ˵ĺܿθ̫̫Щ꣬һ̫̫ؾһ꣬ʱ򣬵ѵѴҲ
˵ţԼֹһЦּЦݣ˵ġ¡ʲôϲ֪Ǻá 

лҪ˵ԴʹУȥ˯ջ




19

19ͱ ... 
 
 
̰ѩ֦϶ɪ֮
һнͨ򾩳ǵĹٵϡ
˺רעضҶ˷粻ͷس˵㲻ҪڳϿ飬۾ġ
෢۾Ƿ
ҲӲͷƤЩľ䣬ӵһͷͣǵǴ󿼣ֲҷɡ
˵˵ͲˡҶ˷û
ԿȥԼһ㣬˵Ǳɡ
ͷҶ˷ôĿѩҲãǱ߿첻ʲôÿġ
Ұʥ顭СţȷʵҲˣҲ
ȻģǾģǸ̫̫ǰվ׼ʲôʳأ
˵أҶ˷練һ䣬ʳУ˵׼ʲôã
ֿʼ˼̫̫ڳҲǱܣĶ䣬ԱȽϺá
ġ
ֿЦʢ᣺Т˳˵̫̫㲻أѼҲ󲿷ֶ˶үȴȻ̫̫źܵ
˵Ҷ˷ѵ⣬˭ô˵˵̫̫Һܺá

ҴˣǴԡָϽȢӣо٣̫̫һϲҲТˡ
Ҷ˷ɫѿֿɫС˵˵ôŶˣôңôûһаŮǲǡ
ǷëҲ˼˵ؿĳ˧Сֵһۡ
Ҷ˷˼ֺֺЦ˵СԹʲôأҲҪӣⲡβã´һ
ⲡŴôˣò˵ܵܲûⲡ𣿿ɼⲡҲһᴫһ
Ҷ˷Ĭ˰Σռѹֲ֣֪˵ʲôĵؿ
Ҷ˷һѵľ˵ҴȢΪ޵ģҵһжӦҲ㣬ҡ̫̫ӡ

ֽһתַŭ˵˭ҥ㲻Ҫ˵
Ҷ˷εؿЦһ£Ҳ˵ģԼоġ
ںڵһգһգضҶ˷£СҾ̫̫ЩƫܵܣøƫСҲһֱû⣬ҷ־ҹ˯ʱڴ⿴ңмҲˣҸоиҴ߿ĸỽҵ֣ͣšҿĺӡҲۣҲûŮ˭ֻ֪ҶˣҶôŮˣҲ֪˭ǿʼһҲҶĺӡ
ˣֱǸ͵͵ӵĿŮ˸жˡ

ûвĸأ
أ̫̫ҳȻЩƫ۵ܵܣȴǶҺܺãôŵʱȥĸ
˵ǡֲ˵ˣ֧ͷ˰죬Ȼ۾һ˵֪ĸ˭ֲ̫̫ģҵһ취
˵ſҶ˷˵һͨҶ˷¶Цݣ͵ؿƻϻĵһͿɿĹġ
ɲԲҪҡ

˴վͷҶ˷ͼ˳ϳСനж˳жιϣֱӽ˳·СҲûʲôöֻһЩײ˶ϺʲôģɹһЩˣӸɣʲôġ
Ҷ˷翴СЩüͷôЩô
ְοûϵͨĲҲóԵģ棬ٳˣټǴһЩ·ˣѾܲˡ
˵ţӸ

俪˱Сһ㣬гɺ񱡾ȵƬζƽȣټӴнˮǻͷϵȾ棬˿һ㣬¹̡
ֳɵĲϣһζѶڻֻȡʳãζһСӸɣЩɲ뼦ζζȴ塣
Ҷ˷翴ؾŲ˵ذһֻɿ¹󲻳ȥ˵ͦ뺷ġ
ЦʲôѲ˶˳ȥˡְѲʢװ̣ŵϡ
Ȼÿˮһ̣õ룬ȽϽͷʹл
Ǻͱ档
ɫغ죬Ũ㣬ӲʶȣҶ̫̫һں⣺ô飬Ҳܶˡ
Ҷ˷һ뱬棬پֳĲ˻ԼҴ·ˣźѾǸǳԵû󣬳һĨֱкóԣһ̸ɾˡ

һϢһֳˣҶ˷ͼȻӿٶȸǰ棬ˮźҶ̫̫ѾǴںߡ
û죬һ˵˾ǣүҶҶӭ
һȺУִŲۣȴȺԵúȺ˺ԵʣҶһ϶˿϶Ҷ˷˵һλˡһʱ̲ס۰´
üĿ㣬˫ֹѴ󷽣ȻǾβ£ȴѵõ
Ҷ˷翴һֱżֿ˵ͱͱ˵ע㣬δɩŶ
ҶҲ˵ҲҪúÿǲ㣬ȥͦģҪúϧ
Ҷ˷һƲ죬ĵûŲ˵һֻж˿ӣˣ

Ҷư˽ӷ磬صĺþơ
ÿʱŻؼңþòҪ
Ҷ˷һζ֪ղغöҶ࣬һʱˮֱ۵
Ҷ˷簤˼۵յ棬¿ˮ˵Ѿ׼ˡ
Ҷһüëһŵı飬Ҳû˵ʲôֻϯһƳĳþƵˣֻͣʿˮȴסûкǾơ
ѵô󣬿԰һɫ֮ͽıɹԱҶƺؿ֣ҳ˵㡣
Ҷ˷翴ҶƵ۹ֱ飬һӵһš
Ҷֻ۹⣬һ߳ԷһߺҶ̫̫ġ

ĸ˵һԻطЪϢ
ڶһ磬ˮɻŵܹ˵ˣˣүĲˡ
Ҷ̫̫һϽҶ˷緿￴˫ۣҲвѣǻԵӡ
ôѽȥд򣬿㡣Ҷ̫̫һš
ҶƸϽȥＷһӾʧŮ졣 

лҪ˵ţˣĲˣոС




20

20 ... 
 
 
Ҷ˷絽˾Ҷڶͷ˾ɲʻԲ״Żȫ£Ҷȥд򣬴򼱴ҴҸϵ˺һź˰죬Ȼ˵Ȼ
Ҷ̫̫ΪּŽ̫ҽ֪֪ҲǳӴ׼꣬Ҷ룬Ųæ˳˵һ˵ʲô飬зǰʲôģ˷ӡ
а׿ǡġ⡢컨ۡɽҩΡζӡ󶬡̫֡Ӳ֮࣬ʲôϡҩֻҩʮֹŹ֣ȻҪѪҩ
ʲôѪ
ѪϵֱϵѪһСҩ
Ҷߣǿ׳ĸ첲˵ð죬һˡ
˵Ҷ̫̫ȳôԣ
ҶƲ⣺ʲôҪѪҲ൱Ůһµ·ûʲôˡ
죬˵оͲС˭˵ѪҩģҶ̫̫ٴκȳ⣬п˵⵽ȥѪƫƫֲ˵

һչҶ˷磬һ߹۲Щ˵ɫЩ˶һżǵӣ̫̫ߵ㷿ϸּͣĨᣬͣ͵͵ڴϵҶ˷磬۾ǴȰǡ
費õģү㷸Ҳͷһˣÿζúõģɼӻְοһɫ
汯ࣺүҴСģһиôҡ
˵ţ
Ҷ̫̫źȳʲôޣȥץҩ
ܲ跿Ѿͷҩһȥ˵ëëŵģĴҩޣȥ
վҲҩȥɣׯүҩҰһСĵġ
Ͻҩ֣˵ҩҪĳ⣬ҪϸŻ𣬻ȥ
˵żҴҳܣ˻׷ƵġֿıӰζһЦ

һʱҩöҶ̫̫Ҫ˹ָҶ˷ιȥָϽӹ̫̫֣ɡ
˹ҩһţҩһѪɫһ䣬ָֻܿҶ˷ιȥҶ̫̫ϣˮɵ۾Ųˡ
ҲҩЧûһҶ˷Ȼ˹Ҷ̫̫˵ֱѾͷϽȥǰ㣬ԸҲһ˹ɡ
˵̫̫Ϊ˴ү죬ҲûطϢˣۻӣүιȥʱּز顣
ҶҲ˵ǰĸ׸ϽȥЪŰɣź̫̫ȥϢ
Ҷ̫̫ҲȷʵƣطϢϲؿҶ˷һֻۣøȥְҶƺˮɺߣ˶߹ˣЦҶ˷ûˣɡ
Ҷ˷ɵˡ
ܣҲأ̫ҽ۵϶룬Ϲʲôѽ춯װΣԼ忪ЦСԺĲزΡ
ôࡣҶ˷粻ΪȻʣţ˭ɣ
ſ˵ҿ̫̫Ǹ㷿ȽϿɣ˸żģңҩ£ҪȥõҩйѪȻҩζţŵó
Ҷ˷ЩֲǺ⣬СϾͶãȻܶ˶ãоõϵĺö˲һû뵽

ҹʱ֣Ҷ̫̫Ժ᷿档
Ҷ˷ͼţõĺᣬֻ
ϴţһǣ
΢Ц費үȥ
ϻعϽãխүô뵽
Ҷ˷ǳ֣ص˵顣
ʲô£
ҪлԼѪΪҩ
⻰ȷҶ˷£˵Ҳ֪ʲôԣǡ
ҡҡŵö£󼷳һ仰Ҳĸףүĸ̫̫ҵС㣬㸸ҲŹӣ̽һƷ顭
Ҷ˷羲ؿı飬Ҳ˵ȥͷûа취ûа취㲻Ҫҡ
Ҷ˷Ҳᣬ˵Ȩ֪࣬Ȩ֪ҵĸĸ˭

һĨ˵ǴСźСѾС޵ҶʱѾ֮һҺԹүߵĵСվ飬Ҷɭϣִ󣬾˽鷢ǲమֻ˽ҷУС˾ȻԼˣۿҵĶԽԽʵסˣͳƲؼס㣬᲻ð棬Ծ͵͵Ҷǰչ㡣
Ȼ̫̫ƣֱڸǰ㣬̫̫ɻ鼸ûӣͰȥԼĺӣֹȻ˶үү̫̫ܸˣ˵Ǹǣеܣ԰㵱Ӹ
Ҷ˷ӷ֪࣬ȴ˲ֵĵؿĸ΢
Ҷ˷ȴû뵽΢΢棬ֻ뵽ԼȻǸҰӣ͵͵ģ˭֪
ϿɫãధҲʲôݣϣֻ߱ˣһ֪˼һƲ㣬ǰ̻ˡ
Ҷ˷ãȻתɫҰףҪˤڵأǰ󷢺ڣָϽ
ҪȥȴҶ̫̫վ⣬ɫҲ׵ֽһ

ƮĴ󺣣Ҷ˷ٴδӺڰȿǼֺҶ̫̫ǵӣһ߿ȥĨվڴͷ
ĬĿڼ֮˭Ҳû˵ΣҶ̫̫ȴ˳Ĭ磬㲻Ҫô࣬úҪ
˵Ҷ̫̫ңңҶѾͷǿЩҲиҪôҲ͵͵̸飬δУҲԼĺӣҲ⼸أ塣
Ҷ˷ҡҡͷ̫̫ҶɽҪ޻壬ҵ
үϿ޳
ˡҶ˷Ϊѵĸ֮俴ȥТĸĸģǼһĸͬ澣ȴݡ
ֺܿģȰҪѹֻǶ˸ĸ׶ѡ
Ҷ˷ǿһЦҲѹ֪Լֻһ۵ĺӣûô߹ѪʱҲÿʲôݵλҿȢȢˡ
ֿʢ繣ȻһᣬܾеĻʵ˵ڡ 

лҪ˵Ȼ꽵£еܺϴһһ㣬ȭ





21

21೦ ... 
 
 
Ҷ˷ġÿȥҲ죬ж糣Ҷ̫̫ȴⳡŵùǺϢ죬֮ʣѼ־һϷ
治Ѿͷһ棬ЦӣʮׯأϺѾͷǴˣҶ˷úЦլ˽أôһʲôּõ̲ס䣺ô죬㻹ôó鱦㶼Ҫ֪˻Ϊ̱㡣
ָЦһȣú·вסЩ̫鷳һ֮ͻƤ졣
Ҷ˷żֵ֣˵ι꣬Ҫݸǰ㣬ǵĻ£Բá

ֲţȥŪЩóԵĶ򵥵ĺܣһͺá
ѾֿԳԺóԵˡҶ˷εؿϣÿλ˵˵ɻ飬ͻӱܣû취
ܿ죬˼򵥵ʳ˹
ĺܼ򵥣ճͷպѻ׼ǰãˮͣСʯĥĥϸĻ˳С״ɹŨ㡣
ôͷҲ˹ȺһûĨųԣŻŨ㡣ϸĸоԵֵջ
Ѿͷû뵽ôͨͷҲôóԣԽԽԣǼֻһС޻ĸͷһ˲һ
ôóԵĶôô³Ҷ˱Թ
ڳԶˣͳԲˡһЦؾ˵˵ͷֵǮֻǷǺóԵĶҪиȣ˳˻ԵʱƫƫûˣͻᱣֶʳĺӡϲòĶԳʳҲԽǳԲԽǾζ

Ѿÿ˷ֻаͷϺͷΪˣֻòָͣͷҶ˷ǷݸСֻԳһڡΪвʳԵԽԽãԼִԼһڸԡ
Ҷ˷¿һͷŭⲻǹĥô
ָܵ۵ѲһߵʳóǰλΣרΪĺóԵġ
Ҷ˷ָѺĶ˳ԭһ̹೦ɫζζ˱ǣԱ߻ǩˮ֭СͰǩһ֭ȥĲӲĲϲƤ潹ƣ΢ζʲôأ
ԱߵѾҲˮ볢һ飬ȴֻּ׼һǩⶫҪǩųԲζÿӳԾɵˣֻүģûǳԡ
СѾһ䣬ȥͷ
Ѿͷȫܵͷԣֻʣ¼ЦпҶ˷Զ

Ҷ˷һųԣһƷζ
೦ⶫܳǰϹţ򳦣ϵĲͬ·Ϊ֣Ľ⳦ѪѪĽѪװඡĽиγΪϰⶡĽͳ͵Ľ泦жηŵϻӻ򿾣ƤƴӲʱͿԳˡǼ೦ʲôأҲѪǸΣҲ̫棬ʲôأ
ֿЦ㲻˵ǻʵͷôԵóʲô𣿡
Ҷ˷ϸֻ䣺֪㻹ֱ˵ɡ
ֵ֪²ɺ붡δнĩʲôĹ볦£ƬƾͿˡ
ôҲ棬㻹ҳԡҶ˷籧ԹţֲͣǩųԡͦóԵġ
̲סЦôòãɷζֲ֢ЧãҰǸ⣬ۣξͲˣҿ㿴೦һ̰ӣ뷨೦ԡ
Ҷ˷һůõĹ೦óˡ
ģĶƽҲǼóԵģȢҵĸ

ɫһ䣬˵ûӦ޸㣬㲻Ҫ
㻹ʲôҿó㲢ңҲųңΪݵλĲûҪˣҵҲ֪ˣҲ߲ȥ
ͷõ͵͵ģҵĵĲǵλʲôġ
Ҷ˷һ룬Ҳˣ˵ǵҷǰɣʵҾΪһˣҲֻҪԼͥͿˣԣǰһԣŮӽ֣ҾͻһһеǸ˺ãģҵԭ򡣡
ҡֺȻЩжһ룬˾˵пԣһֱûҸ˵
˵Ҷ˷˵Ѿ˵ĻϢģƽ϶Էǰĵ
ҡ˵ʵ㲻
Ҳֻ˵
ҡʵʵǡֹ˿ڡ

ү⴫ˮɵϷҪˣ̫̫أ
Ҷ˷Ͻżֵܣ͵͵ɿûʱٸҲС

Ϊ˸˽ƣҲΪ˸̫̫ɢģҶصش˸Ϸﳪûᡣ
ϷС׹£һŮԺǧǽһӣǾͰˣȻ˽еĸ״ԪһŸףŮ˦ˣŮȥۣսȻǴͳĴԲ֡
Ϸֱֿ˯ýֺͷ룬Ҳֶ֪лҸһֹѪȤ֮ƫƫЩŮ쿴úʱĨ۾䡣
Ҷ˷ֵ֣Ҷƣû˼ӣʵŮϷˣɩӲϲ
ָϽΣǲϷǲϲϷϲ˴󴸡֮Ϸ
ѽҶƺܾȣһؼɩʱ;оֹţû뵽ҲһŮӲͬȻࡣ
Ҷ̫̫۹⳯ɨֲ⣬˵Ϸ̫û˼޷ǲӼˣ̫ˣҲϲ
Ҷ̫̫˵˾Լݣ֪ܵظܣҲ𣿡
˵ΪŮӶլԺŲŲټӣ˻ͣ׶ģҲƺˡ
Ҷ˵˵Ů׶Ӷĵʵ˼󰸣֪ô

ʲô۾СЩư¾ͺȤڳڸǽԺܷ永˷ܡ
Ҷ˵İӣи˰ҲٿȴŮӳլţЩŮǿģã𣬺ϲи˼ҵСףһ콵꣬СլסޣǰźС֮ͬȻСƭˣСڣţټįôˡ
ŴӴ˵Ӹ󣬳֮ʣǼҵϱҲһˮˣǲ֪ܵĹɩլ֣һŰŮӵıլԺ֪ƭٸŮ

İӦöҶ̫̫˷ǳּ/˽֮ͨ¡
ҶƼ˵£¶ٸץնǴģֻڣƭ鸾Ů֮ͽǻ
Ҷ˷Ҳ˵ǣ˰ŮװլǼ˵£Ҳ
˵ǡ
ԱһԲɫҰס
Ҷ˷翴ɫãסֱĵʣôˣǲˣ
ǡǿЦһ£֡
ϣҶ˷һֱڵż˵飬ҲԾ˴ôô˯ô
ţñӰԼʵʵǣеۣ˯һͺˡ
ŶҶ˷ƣʣ㲻˵Ҫһôʲô£
ñסͷ˵Ҫ˯ˣȻȥϢɣл
Ҷ˷վ߳ĬΣĬĬ뿪ϸعغ÷š
ˣִӱ¶ͷؿʶ۾ŸӵȻӴֽʣдһţȻʰ˰ҹ뿪Ҷ 

лҪ˵رǿӪֵʳ֮ףִͼѪܼԤƹܣѪǽѪ֬öģ8̫óԡ

ӰŮװլƭ鸾ŮİӣԶأڹŴӰܻش󰸼ץס϶




22

22 ... 
 
 
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һ磬ҶҶ˷羪ŷŭˡ
Ҷ˷һֽɫ࣬
׳ʲôˣ岻ãҪҶ˵ùֽһۣһɫ䡣
ֽǼָҶ˷ԣֻ˵ܼżûбĻΪʲôʲôԣȥˣֻδ⡣
дҶ̫̫߷ߵȥʲôض
ˮɽ˿ڣʲôġ
Ҷ̫̫һۣô֪
˲鿴ûʲôٵֻǼֵҲʱĶҶ˷ĶƷúõİŵ룬һ١Ҷ˷ΪǷˡ
Ҷ˷ɫѿһţȥңҪҪʬ
ˮһү˵ʲôѽѽģ㼸죬ȻͻˣʲôҪʬ˵ġ

˵ͽߣвдҶ˷ȭϲǲԸǰʵģôһԵܵôųףôܾܾҶ˷ĸôܣֱĲһѵӡ
һǱˣһǣ϶ǡ

Ҷ˷˴·صغμҵס
Ҷ˷˺Щ꣬ǵһεϱߵƶֻˮûŲӶ߶¡
һҶ˷ӵһ䣬ȴЩƣĵطôסȥôᱣֹ۵̬Ⱥʹ飿
Ҷ˷簴סģסһ·
ҺĻݼǰɣ˳ǰ߾ǣһرһľˡһ˺ָָԹԱŲ˿ˡ
˵㡣Ҷ˷ƣֻһ֣Ȼ˳Žߣߵķ᲻٣ļҲأ
Ҷ˷ͷǰߣһԿȻһرڲͬӣԺų¾ɣᶼˣȴϴ̵úܸɾſҲûˮͻѩͱһҰͬԺһһС¥棬ڰһϸ˵ǻһһ֦ɡ
Ҷ˷类趫ˣȲȥš

һŮţɻؿ
ǺĻݼң
ǣ֪к£Ůֻſһ죬ȥֻ˵
Ҷ˷翴Ů䣬üĿ续ʤѩţмƣǼ֮һˡ
Ҷ˷磬㣬ʧˣֻһţ֪䣿
ŮȷǺμҵ֮һĶ⻰һ£ʱˣֻǼۿװȥˣǿˣᵽȥأΪ˹ɣᱣԼõģֻӦҶҵ׷ȴǸ⡣
Ҷ˷Ҳڴ鲻αȷʵ֪£ֲн֮ɫ֪Լҽʧٵ£Ȼһ㲻Ĳż֪аȫĲ֮

ǲŲæҲ֪
Ҳţ϶ؼˣҪȥ
СæţôţҶ˷ɣƵһߡ
ȵƵһߣ嵽Ժ
ԺҲǸɸɾûˮѩɨڽ䣬¶Ÿɾשأмż겻֪СĲ¢ϹżŮ·ͶǶ˽ʲôġ
Ҷ˷ȥ׷Ĵͽ񣬻ȥ
ƫҪȥҶ˷ֽֻＸŮ廨еɰмһܴĲѩѹ÷ĻȻֻһ룬ȴüǷĹգ⻨Ǽߴ⣬÷ڷѩȻͦĸ߽Ǳš
Ҷ˷綢ŲŮͷؼӢĺƲۡ

ȥ߹ٲȥҲ˸˨
Ҷ˷ţֳ嵽¥ϣӺСֻһ۾ȫ۵ףûв˵ĵطûмļҾߣӴ齵ᶼòˣҲǳأﶫܶ࣬ȴ˿ңǳɾ룬ҲԺᣬΪİȻȴ˵ζ
Ҷ˷ָŴڵľʣ˭ڵģ
īɫĴƿŭŵľһ֦ŬӾ̽ͷǿҵʹʫ⣬Ūֶ˾Բӹ֮ˡ
ҼΨһкӣɾҸŪģƿ˲ҪĶ˵ܽϲ֣ҲȷǸ죬ʲô¶ɥ٣ǿĵػţΪ˵˲ѡƶǸȴѡֻǳԣֻҪһҾͻѡֵĻš
Ҷ˷΢ЦָͷʣЩǽİɣ
ǡ
治ɫźг忴ȥܴ󷽡
˹ˣԳȥˡ
Ҷ˷ԹԳȥ¥ָǷѩѹ÷Ĵʣ˭Ƶͼǲͬ졣
ͼ˵鷳ȥҵϳ
ѽȥʮҵСְơ
Ҷ˷翴СŮüֺƣСˣȻһôСŮӣǳģȴҹңʵǿ
Ҳ֪ǵĸңҶ˷Ѻɰ£װʮŽӣҹһ㲻ǮЩԤ˵ġ
°ɡ
ŽӲӵĶƤ̧ŭ˵޹»ϣӵʹͣջȥɡ
Ҷ˷˸ӣڨڨĲ˼ҪȢΪޣȴûеҰڵˣŵһεңûõĽӣʲôأ֪Ǹ־й˼ҡ
޲Լ⣬Ҷ˷Ǹ뿪

͵ܳûлؼңҲûл֪ζ¥Ƕ㵽һͬѧֻ˵ԼĳˣҪ㼸졣ͬѧҲûʾס¡
ס³˶೦¶˪⣬ͱ棬㣬˿ζƤˮ۾ÿ컻Ż
ͬѧڼҳԷЩ˾֣ʵҼǵǲģҲ㣬ҳϳݡ
ŶôǿЦһ£˵ˡ
ֿǰļһȻܵһʹЩǰҶ˷ģеʺĲ飬еҶԲ޺ġô뿪ȴܳ԰ԵʳûԼ߼ලԼڳʲô᲻ַ᲻᲻עʳ˾ɲ
ԽԽѵദˣԼȻʼʲôʱʼĸ飿
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ֳٽᣬһγշתʳζ 

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ǣҶԺ
һ̶Ĵصﴫ
һȺô˻ҲˡҶ˷ϡ
үȳ緹Ѿͷս緹ϡ
Ҷ˷ˤԳԳԣ֪ԡ˳ԵĶһζҲûС
ˮԱȰ˵ˣүĲʺϳ̫̫̫̫Ķ
ⲻܳǲܳԣûˡҶ˷ӱŭǳӲģֻ֪Ӧ¡
ˮɿȥò˵ˣүϸ壬ҪΪ˼Ǹˡ
˭ҲŲϡأû۹ġҶ˷ڹܼȥ˳츮Ҹš
ǡˮɿôִȰ
Ҷ˷ҧг˵ڵҲҪҳ
Ǹ˾Բү䣬ˮҧҧ˵˳Ǹеġ

šҶ˷綢ɫÿ£˵ʲô˵һ顣
ֲı飬ɭˮɴһ£ȻסүôŲ£ʱҴ˾ͷҲǻ¡
ŮӣԲү׵ģ֮ү䣬үɡ
˵Ҷ˷ĺݶҷŹҲĽڡ
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үƯ鱦γϣֵúںүԳ֣ǣٵ֮˵ԣʾɡ
ңճף缦ɾ䣬һûУҲǸŮӲŻеġ
ٴΣŮϲЩ֬λŮ죬黰İɶȫûȤѾͷҲҲȥôҲһСŮӡ
ŮӶ־룬֮񣬴ӲŮ˽ദЦ֡

ˣ˵ˡҶ˷ֹЩûбע쳣ϸĵˮһѾչ¶ǰǡӡ
ʹּϱƭķŭҶ˷ǵûз뷨Ȳҳҵ֮󡭡
ҵ֮ô죿
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Ҷ˷Ҳû˼ԣ·ͳ˳ȥˮɾŵؿȥҲųȥȴҶ̫̫⣬
̫̫ˮŵ촽ս
ȫˡҶ̫̫ɫ֪࣬ô˵
ҡҡˮɽͰͽͣ뿴ʲôͼٰץУʲôҲûټպܺãϸĵү壬ûʲôģԡ
㶮ʲôҶ̫̫ȻŮװ쵽Ҷң϶ͼıģ˵Ҷĸָʹ͵˲ʲôҪֿȵõүΣȻʳ¶ǻǵĶȻ󡭡
ˮСߵСѾͷţ̫̫ǲڿС˵
СѾͷҲС˵Ŷ̫̫ϲҹ
Сʲôأû˵Ҷ̫̫Ƿ
ȥ̫̫ѰûССѾͷŵˣֻˮɳҶ̫̫ķŭ
һҪҵĻָʹˡҶ̫̫ݺȭ

ضҶҵıˮɽׯҵľɽׯׯȫǳƬֵĹľΧˮݳţܺҶ˷ƽɫĸҲֻˣҳΪˮᣬⳡҲһЩгľ
үϥֻһһŮӾõԺͩԺ飬ûǮôõԺ飬򹤵ĵط֪ζ¥ԺԶǮѧԲԺķˣ֪ζ¥˻־ͷ˹ȥҲھ¥źЩѧòͣһȥҲˡ
ҵıľǸ׼ӵܣ飬ҼִдҵӦîʲôģȻûƳˣܶҶ˷û쵽ҵġ
ȻϣҶ˷ĴѰңҵľɽׯȴҵ˺˳ȥҶȻڵвƣǲƴֵҲˡǣﵹ˼찲ӡ

СС㵽ȥˣҺҡľһĨһȥڴǰ
ҪֶŵġŭĿֻʵ֣ǧҲͩԺѧżʱסׯʦϲĺѧӲ̿ΣҲֲ;
ľֺõسЦԵ֦˲óԣԼ㡣
ǧˣҵҪ
ľֵøʲôƵģϽ״нƵĿɢ˵
ǧһڣЦǳݼ㣬ԽԽԣôأ
ľܵ佱ϲ۾гɷ죬˵ȰƼĳڽ֭һҹζԺɰ֦С𿾳ɣ㽴֬ǼζһҲ᲻óԣصظ
Ŷ𣿡ǧЦЦռĽ֭ãôŪأ
ľץץͷ֪ô˵
ǧžķ¿ӣŭǼģȻңҪǻˣĸˡ

ľŵһͷæ˵Сҵ㣬ֺʼ֣˵һ˱⣬ΪʳǸ÷ӡҲԼְҴ֡
ҲϽ˵ǰǰҲ֪֮ʲôìܣĵķϣˡ
ôôأ
᲻ѣֻƽ鷳˵⡢ܲϸ뽴ͣ׾ƣƾƣ˽ĩһȻ֦СƣʱСĲҪҲܲ죬⽹۾Ϳˡ
Ŷ֭ȻտǧЦľʲôˣ
ľһ죬˵Ҽ֦ˡ
ǧЦүˣһ԰ɡ

˾Ʋˣһһ߳Աڿģҵ˼̻үˡ
˻˵ˣʲôľѵ
Сķү֮ҶҴүľٶֹ˼һۣû˵ȥ
һ鲻ãŵؿ˵˵ɡ
ֻðѵϢҶ˷ҲȻ˰μƭǮҲˣԺȥծ
˲ιȥΪһӣҶ˷ҲҲԣһֱ¾ͻǵġû뵽ȻĺҪԺծ
ȻƭǼչһܸеİɣ벻Ϊ˼ӣȻô

ҶҶ̫̫Ҷ˷ԴˮԱźţǲ
ֿӱޱҶҶһˣֱӷȥ
ֿغЦȻôСӡ
벻Ҷүôݵ˾ȻΪһŮӣһһ˵Ϊҵļʲô
Ҷ˷翴װصĳۣںڵͷµ٣дӢִżƮݣԭΪԼٴμһŭģڼָװӢվԼǰʱֶⷢ
ŻȥԺôʵʵأ
ҶүôС˴Ĺ򣬿̧ˡ
Ҷ̫̫ЦСʵˣŮװ쵽ҶҵʲôͼıǲıҶҵĲҵ

ֺЦ̫̫ĲҲ̫ˣҶҲҵٴҲϡҵĶҶ̫̫δС֮Ķˡ
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Ҷ˷绹Ǻ򾲵˵ŮװҶʲô
ҶүҶҵ𣿡һ㲻ӣָ龭ǿȢҶңҲòˣʹĻҪǰյġΪҶүϴˮҪǿȢҴйߣŰԲŴҶңңϴˮõģҷˡ
Ʊ档Ҷ̫̫ŭΪɽҶңҵĴүϵҶңҶҵ⣬Ǽ/֮°ܻҶҵ
˵̫̫ôôûΣҶҵ£ûԺܻŮڵ£иˡ
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ָҶ˷˵ҵΪˣҶү 

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ǲҪϧЩ˰ֻڵ21ƣŶ

ҪŰҪŰ




24

24Ϊūծ ... 
 
 
Ҷ̫̫ˮɶתͷҶ˷磬Ҷ˷˼ת뵽ԼƭôãΪǲɢңΪ飬ȻЦŭ޷ݣּҪԼΪ֤֤ǸˣǺЦ
Ҷ˷ЦĸƤΪˣ˭֪
ʱɫҰףҶ˷翴ûǰǿӣʹһЩҶ̫̫˵ôˣһƾĸ
áҶҿ϶ͼı죬˵Ļָʹ˾һֱҶҾңӦúúʡҶ̫̫ѶϵС˽мӱӣСȥϸʣҪгˡ
ֲûкµ˼ҲûпģֻҶ˷磬ȴҶ̫̫û˿飬Ҳû˼һʱ䣬ֵ罽һˮﵽ⣬ȫľǿ׳ȥ

ˮ˼̫̫
Ҷ̫̫ŭˮҲ˵ĳҶ˷ӣ˵ү˵䣬ǲĻˣӦ
ƾʲôҶ˷һۡŮ֪
㲻ҪȢǿ͸Ʒôһ
סڣҶ˷ðɣֻǸЦͣפŲһһ⿪ʼһ˵ʱ˾ȻǸеģֱӡ
ʲôô
ˮôһ˵촽ֻñٲ˵ĵҪڵġ

ֻһ±ϵ˺һһʵ˳һ޾Ҫһ䣺вУ˭ָʹôģǲҵˣ
ۣһԲľֻǸӵܣԲҵ²ģֻΪ˺ˬɢýѣԲŻܣû뵽Ȼ޶˵رˮ˵ָʹģҶ̫̫Ǹʡ͵ĵƣҪ֣ôܹΪԼ۰ľأ
ҶĻƹܼҶ̫̫㷿ҲǸĺĻĨͷϵĺݺݵ˵ƤӲٸصĴ򡣡
һߵС˼ӱӡ

ס֡һǳ⣬һϲ̧ͷȥһȴҶƣʧĴͷȥ

̫̫ƹܼ
̫̫Իȥ͵ġҶưѼַ۹סͣ塣
ʵҶǲָʹ
ȫ˵ֻҡҡͷ
ûΥ񷨵£
ҡͷ
ˣ֪ˡҶûʣڵϣСˮȡȻȥݼĸס
Ҷ̫̫Ҷ˷綼һҶûкҶ˷˵ôԴϸչˣô˲飿

Ҷ˷Ǳʹţ˵Ҷʲô飬֪ƭң޲ðƤ
ҶҡҡͷתҶ̫̫ʣ̫̫ôã
Ҷ̫̫˵ȻҪг˭ָʹ
ҶĬĬ˿һ˵ð׷ѹˣǰҲʲ
ô֪Ҷ˷練
ദʱ䲻ˣ֪ΪˣǸˣûָʹȻǲܱˣָʹҲһί˵ˡ
Ҷ˷ȻȻƱдУ۵˵

Ҷƽ˵ٴȥҪҲʲʲôˣҶһҪһ˾Ҫ£ۼҵҲǳá
Ҷ˷ĬȻҶ̫̫ʣ˵ô죿
Ȼ͹ٷ죬ģôô죬ٸôУҶ޹ءҶ˵ųҶ˷һۣüͷһȻǲ˵
ˮЩǼ˵ǰЩӻһ׮˷绯Ĵ󰸣ڹٸаŮװլİӷǳӣץס˻Уǰնأ͹٣
Ҷƿ˿ĬҶ̫̫Ҷ˷磬ˮɣҶЩӣĸŮӹϵã
ûУӲѾͷ˵Ц֣ʳԺҲǰʳж˵ſڣӲŮңʳ⣬Լ￴飬ٳţ˵˻졣
ҶˮҶ˷磺鷿ʲôҪ˲źվʲôģ
ûС
ûзҵй¶
ˣ˵ˡҶ˷緳زٴȥ

ҶƵͷȻûоˡǷֱйۣ»£ǱҲãû£ٸҲһٴǧˡҲӦá
Ҷ˷˫սݺץϵ·ؿڲͣ
һֱڸ̸̲ס˵ȻǺദǿ˫۳γüһĻˣǻµˣ¾ۼ˽˺ˣ͵ٸⰸôѲƤ㲻ǻҶһ˵Ҳʲôʵ£ȻҶһֱǣ治֪ᴫʲôҶҲá
Ҷ̫̫̾˿Ҷ˷һۣģҲˣôȫ㡣
˵ϣҶ̫̫ѾͷֻңҶ˷룬˵ĸ˵ΪҶ¾ˡ
Ҷϲɫôô죿𣿡
ߡҶ˷˵ôˣ˺úøɻƭӳ˵

ҶԺĲڵϣ˯˯к󿴵Ҷ˷ڶԼЦŭñˣַ·ĸÿܹ
ѡһŮỽ
۾ӳˮɹеǵ
ˮɽ㡭
ˮɰסѹιˣͳһСƿҩ˵ϺõĻ࣬ɡ
лл㣬˽ۣԼлǽǣŮǰ¶塣
Ҳáˮ֪Ҳǿҩ˵˵ҶĴãӶһС˵Ǳʾ޿Ҷ͵ȵһǮǮһҲ壬Ƶ·ӣ͵һҶΪū˲ƷòһΪūʵǿϧˡ
֪ˡûκαϲı飬Լ޹أ£ҲˣҲˣνִϣνһһ⣬ֻʱ˵ĺһ飬ıʲôݣҶ˷ǰ֪֮Ϸ飬޲أǰ嵴Ȼ޴棬ԭġ塱ģԭġ塱ֻбһ㣬紵

ҶĻƹܼҹĵص˼һ˵̫̫үԸҪڸɻȥ˵ÿȥѲٰ꣬ˮɨԺӻ԰ɨݶ١
ƹܼңˮȥˮѾˣɨԺӻ԰ϻˡ
⻰ү˵ȥƹܼҰڳмһҶǵū͵ģֲģЩ͸
㡭ˮᣬҪۣס˵㲻Ҫ˵ˣұ񼫣ȻҪɻġ
ˮ̾˿ֿԺһѵľҡͷ̾ϢصԺźҶ˷ϴҶ˷Ʋͣڵ˵ʲôƫƫˮʲôҲû˵
Ҷ˷ֱˤˤ롣
үôˣﲻʹǸȥˮɿвǨҲк
ŸҵܺˣҶ˷޺޵ָ
ԭүˮɵҵĲǡҲүˮɸͣǸղȥƼ֣˵úأе㷢յӣûճɻᱻƹܼﷳСĹˣү
Ҷ˷˫ֽգЦĺõĵطвУֵּ֮ôģ㵣ʲôȻȥõ˸ɻʡ˲ΪɵүҶ˵ĵط
ˮֺֺЦֻôӦˣȥд 

лҪ˵ŬУ͵С۷һ㻨ѽ





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25 ... 
 
 
峿ҶԺĲ
۾;ͷأһðǣתڲݶţƹܼҴ̶ʲôʱˣ˯ٲɻҲƤ
ǿǿһһ˵شӾˮˮǼɻһͰˮӾҡҪܴһ־ͻˮͰһȥҧѾˮһͰͰҡ˫ֱ£ȫڷֻһͰЪһЪ
ƹܼɵǲеͷһ˲ˮвûЩͲԷ
Ҳ죬žѳصˮͰ
֪ѾɵϣƹܼɻƣүҪԡȥˮˮ
ĲټҶ˷磬ֲܲȥԸüͷҲû˵ʲôˮٱտٰˮͰᵽҶ˷סԺſڡ

ôȥѽѵˮôźүѾͷˮȥ
ԥһ£ֻӲͷƤˮٵľͰһûгԶӷԴΣ·ȴΣͰˮϡ
ôɻģˮĵǡˮɺǳ
ô쾪һԿҶ˷磬̧ͷһۣʩ˶ãֻһ칦򣬼ޱ㲣촽࣬ǲĺɫͷðͷɢңˮͰ׼ԡͰȴûͣһͣڴŬˮͰԡͰ
Ҷ˷飬ֺڴţĨȥָо׺ˮͰ᲻ôװõ󣬿ѵزɾˡ
ֿҲһۣͷ˲صĲء
ˮ˵ȱŲأϽˮˮٲء
ǡֵ͵͵شӦһȥˮ
ҧһһ˵ذԡͰѾתȷϲǿŹڵϲء

ˮɴѾԡĶãȻҶ˷
Ҷ˷翴ڲصļ֣ңûڣõ㾢вУᡣ
ˮί˵ұǰүҲû˵ʲô
˵᲻óԩˣ
ˮɲ˵ֵҽനǸܴ󡣡
Ҷ˷ǴֱŵĻҵƤ
ˮû취ֽ֣˵ɡ

һֻùȥ˱˶ָһػڷҲûԣֻ޻ϣؿѹ˿ʯһжͷأˮˣֻƾ־Ӳû£ֻֻǲָͣӵز
Ҷ˷ȴûڷֻûʹû˵£͵õ㾢òã
־ͷΣϲӲټһ
ôûԷƵģǴĺұŸɡҶ˷̱֪ҶһģŹһˣŤ͵͵Ǯ׳Իӡô˵㲻ǻ𣿲˵䣬ɴչˣôĵӡ
Ҷ˷죬ŭתͷȥȴѾڵϲʡ¡Ҷ˷ŵ඼ˣϽԡͰȴִַ̣жͷյ̿һԴĴûһ
ˣˡҶ˷У˵

źѾΪʲô£ϽһæŤͷȥҶ˷ԡͰгż֡
ˮҲϹ״æȡãүôҲ·
Ҷ˷һۣȱң쿴ôˡ
ϣˮȰ·ϣѾȥд
Ҷ˷ѼַϣĶͷյ촽ϣﶼѪݣϸСľ̡
ô£
ˮɾúЦˮĻػֻǰѾˮͰͿĥһƤˣοˮһ죬ȻѪݵģͷҲء
Ҷ˷Ѽֵ·һƣȻףеĵطѾѹá
˭ôģ
ȻᴧĦ˼Ļƹܼˣ֪үүˮЦأûȷԸūŵˣǺūš
㡭Ҷ˷ŭһۣŰѻѹȥԸ˵ѻƹܼҽ
һƹܼˣҶ˷ûк˵ҶǴ¿ŰˣܻҶ𣿡
ƹܼͷԣصСŰˣˮˮɨԺѵ˸𣿶ҸɵĻǰǿԸġ
ôˮ˵Щǿһڸ꣬һҲͣЪǽ˲ֲ꣬˲ãȾ˷纮·߲ȻģȻǲԷģûˡ

Ҷ˷ǰˣƹܼսսַ˵ǣǸȻȻûˡ
Ҷ˷ŭ𣺡˭Ǹպģ֪ǸӹҽϻغȾ˷纮ҩǻҩû˳˶ġӹҽǻ
үˮɼŸɫǰкˣղˣղŻεˡ
Ҷ˷һתͷŷǸΪӹҽĺվſڣɫЩԣܷŵĻѾȥˣҶ˷粻Ϊ⣬һҽͲô˵ӹҽҲûֻ˱ͣҲϾΣ̫ҽȽϺá
Ѱ˼ţѾ˵Ϊ˺ͣǸС˺ټ˼ᣬͷʹأ᲻ʡ¡Ѿҩ˵ҩٵһҲԺתǽһˣ۹ȣǳԶʳǺʧ˵ͬСɣúֻ»²

˵ǡˮ˵֢˵ð㲻ֻǲ֪쿪ҩûУ
ǳãûаҽҩĻôҩҲ״ȻˣҾͲҩˣò˲ҽӺò˷˵ӹҽ
ˮЦ˵Ҫܲ跿˰ҩûзҩ޹ء
ڣҶ˷Ҳˣְ󱻹ڱĲ񷿣˶Ѿ˷纮ȻҩǸû˸ҩԲ鲢ûкתȽӲŸһػûгԷ˲ˡ
Ҷ˷ݺݵϴһȭȴ֪ǻŭ˭й

ô󶯾Ҷ̫̫Ҳˣ龭ˮɣôòүһ˲ô죿
ˮϴԲòܵϴȥ
ȥҶ˷Ȼðһ䣬һڣԼҲһ˵òҪȥģѲӣʲôأ
Ҷ˷绻˿˵ûˡ
Ҷ̫̫һۣ˵ūãҲܡֻҲҪԼ壬
˵ţҶ̫̫ѾǻȥϢ

Ҷ˷˿ְСനйҪ̫ҽ˵ڳӼҹ꣬Ҳסˡ
ˮɰһС˵үôûˣ˼ôȥ̫ҽʲôݣôһﲡġ
£Ҷ˷粢Աʲô뷨ֻһ˼ڼֵĲϣֳനС˵Ͽȥ̫ҽ˵иҪ˲ˣúأϿ
Ҫˣനֹһ䡣
ܣȥҶ˷һš
ܸϽߣһ䣺ٽҹܣҾǸŵˡ
Ҷ˷ܡǼġ

ˮѾѺߣӱӣٽмСѾѼ̧ߡ
Ҷ˷缱ˣҪ̧ȥ
ˮ˵ѲүүвƽʱǧССĻʱʱô
ǡҶ˷Ҳ˵üĺɡ
ҲŻ˴ؼôչˣΪҩιˮбӻ¯ʲôģƫƫүҪڼˮԹ˵ڸҲܴүүҪֻ̫̫ˡ
ðɣľˡҶ˷ֻͶʣȥ
Ȼͻزˡ
ǣҪûвˮ¯ҲûչҶ˷ˡ
Ǿˣ񼫵ˣ˲Ǹãˮɶ˵
Ҷ˷ҲˣҪҲҶͻؼҺˡ
ѽҺͿˡˮһ£Ǿǣ
Ҷ˷練ˣһ˵ôͰڼˣ̫ˣԺԺֻനһסҲ˷ѣѾչˡ 

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Ҷ˷סĶԺݺܶ࣬һҶ˷Ѿסһ鷿᷿СסģԺܽϵҲǳ㡣
ˮЦӦˣҶ˷ָѾС˰Ѽ̧ϣܿŽְͷҲܷ磬ϸĵһҪ죬Կ˰̧Ժനķ䣬ſůͣ΢̳һ¾Ϳòסˡ

һ̫ҽˣΪҶ˷˵Ҫ˭ԭǸ۵Сˣ̫ҽЩ죬ǼȻˣֻһ˵һεĻֿҩ
Ҷ˷ùҩϸûʲôơʵ֮ҩŷѾȥҩ
үѾˣϽȥϢɡˮɴ
Ҷ˷ȴģһֱûмֻ΢΢˼۾Ҳ֪˻ûѡ
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Ҷ˷˵ϻԱߴ̲͵ˡ
ҵӡܼš
ðɣĲٰҲӻ㡣Ҷ˷˳ëԣúչĲãӾͿЩڳˡ
ܿſϵĲˣС˵Ŷ
ˮɰҶ˷ƳȥˣүȥɣĹ˲̫̫Ҫˡ

Ҷ˷¾ֻ̫̫ûԼˮɴѾźϴϴԼҲжλ׼ߡ
ȥЪŰɣһ˯ġҶ˷ˮɺѾǴߣԹԵڴϺۣȵҹʱ֣СԺǽ⿴ֻڵ˯ţ죬죬ˮһͷСϷҩ룬һҩڿϣȡ
Ҷ˷ƿ˽ȥŴⰵ¹⣬ϵĳѾˣһϸͷѾЩϣѾ˺ʪϡҶ˷ĻԼһ׸£ضСԺ᷿Ѽֵʪ£ϸ¡

üһۣҶ˷˶ֽϵĺܿЩѪӡı޺ٰۣѸ¸ϣ
óԡϵĹܷ˸ţҶ˷һҴҰѼַŻԭñӣִӴ˳ȥ˲Сһ½š

ڶ糿ˮճѾźүϴطҶ˷أз纮֢״˴ʱַҽ׼󣬺Ťˡ
Ҷ̫̫ϸϽְѾСԹһͨϻúõģôŤ˽ţôźģ
ѾίѵҲ˵ʲôˮɵǲµ֣Ҳ˵
ҩҶ˷³ԿҩüͷÿԼֻӣǲϷҩ
ˮֻȥҼ֣Ҫ³Ҷ˷簾Сˡ
Ӳů͵ĴϢַҩգǿ˴Ȼͷأжˡ
ҵûкãʦ˵вǲʳġ顣
㻹ǼΧſڱǲͿ˵ķ纮ѾõĲˣֻˣҸ㵱ֻ֣ҪƤָһ¾ˡ
ֻǿ𴲣˵ˮɽ㣬Ȱ۲ϴɣ̳ϷͣһһܺóԵĲˣʺϲе˳ˡ
ʲô
ǸдۣʱκϲǸ̫ڻʵرڹʹǳθ
İˮɵͷ̾
ֵһЦҲʳʱκβĶʳﵽԼ˽㾡ɷġ

ˮɰС˶˽ң࣬ûȥƤĺҡѡʡӡֹ֥ʵӰ࣬ǳ
ôֿζҶ˷žòԾ
ˮɴΪûȥƤԵʣſɬζ
ζе̫˰ɣǺԭеĿζҶ˷ٴ顣
үȾ˷纮ζľˡˮɺܵظ͡
Ҷ˷û˵ʲôȥȻűӷˮСˣСǴۣҶ˷ž÷ǳζʵôģܿθ
ˮɴǰѷ۲ˣͶ񡢼⡢۽гϸΣҶüͳ㣬ٽ֭ͬסƾơΡտø֭Ϳˡ
Ҷ̫̫⣬˵Ȼġ
Ҷ˷Ц˵ȷǺģֻǣİɣ
ˮɺ򶨵˵ûСǼġ
Ҷ̫̫ɫô˸үʳ֪ĸĻָʹҶҵġ
ˮЦ̫̫ˣлĵˣүǲµģʳ˵ǰɣү

Ҷ˷һۣһû˵ʵʱ뵽ˣûȥƤĺпɬζǲô࣬뵽ҩеĵӣǼģܰҩĿζζܺϵ˽ܵǡôĳ̶ȣҲֻһˡֻˮôֱ׵ĽҳŭΡ
ǣҲʳһиô죿Ҷ̫̫ǲġ
ҸҵԲʳﵽԼĿĵˣʳ˵ֻǸܿԴĳĶԲܹӱĲĶԣһˣҲܸ˳кʳвնҡġˮ̬ȼر֤˵үҲ
Ҷ˷ɫѿˮû˵ۿˣլֶӣ㻹пвЩûҪ¡

תԸүԺز񷿡
നεؿſʰ˵ֺαسȥүû˵
˵һѿ̱ȥȡ衣
ûĵģүô᲻
Ҳֻ֪ڴүǸĻˣӶңԶЩáֱ·ɸС뿪СԺ

Ҷ˷ЩܵعźóԺţֳԺĶ᷿￴ȥ
ֻڿ˯ˮȴֵӰ
Ҷ˷ȥѹܴ֪˯˯˳ԣǸȥˣǲˣ
ۣûˣ˵ȻˣͲﰭүˡ
Ҷ˷ɫ࣬ŭңƫԸȥ˵ҲڳˮʲôģֻԺɨزأ͵ҲƤ
գۿĥ⣬Ҷ˷øһǺףҪƤ涢ֹ͵ˣǹ˸ʲôƻ
һãȻͷҷǳŶ
㶮ƨҶ˷߳ȥ㶮˻ﲻȥ¡
Ҷ˷ޱƣȻûһܶ˼ˣ⼸νСˣ֪ԺҪǮʲô

ȻȫȻȥתҶ˷˼ֱޱ˵һסڲ񷿺ˣүԺĻҰʱˡ
Уү˵Ҫ㣬ֹʹĶּ棬㻹סڶԺȥ
ֺΣҹն飬ûðЩҶ˷粻֪ӷʲô飬Ҫߴţ÷ô
ҹҪѩأˣ㻹ǰȥȰģҰѶ᷿ø㣬ȥǰԺסүԺʲô͵Ŷ
̴ܵúãǰԺסүԶЩˣʲô϶ȸǸýȥ͵ˡ

Ʋֵذֻ࣬·һЩ飬Ϻõ£Ҳ֪˭˯ʱϵġ
ͷѣ㱼ĶڸԼָɵ£ϧ̫ڣҲ˭ֻǿǻϵϺõϣʪˣʵڿϧϴ˷׼·ˡ

Ҷ˷ĶԺƲأҲɨԺӣĵأϴˮоǸҶ˷ˣΪֻķˣҶ˷ųԵȥ
ָרעҲϸɨŹһ߽߱ǽǣҶ˷۹Ӱƶҵʹı飬ȴȻǰһȻݣԼԽԽ
һҪ£ָ޲Բ޲һ
Ҷ˷һ䡣
类ıֳĲκŪĶˣҲ춷Ļȥǰãһֻӡһ׼ԲҶ˷Ӳζã˵ˣӲˡ
һ䡣
һԵذѲ˶Ҷ˷ܵ󣬻ҪʮĸӣһӣѲңڼֿʱзݵض㿪
źү˿಻ԣѻڼϣ䳰ȷģүΪʲôҪôӶС߿ơ
Ȼүͻ󣬴ЩӻˡˮȰ
ӻӣҶ˷ַƢʲôʲô£
ˮɲ˵ֻ£Լ˵㲻ҪƽϣвԿƲס
ֵЦһ£֢Ӱǻ˷Ӧٶۣ˼άעУʹ˱ŭҶ˷ޱֻ꣬ΪӶѣΪʲôɻأο˷ǰҲĥҲ˵ 

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ŬУСҶͯЬܲã϶Űȥġ




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27 ... 
 
 
ƮƮѩ紵೶һҹ峿ͣסԺһƬס
ҹְѱڴϵס⣬˴ҹ飬峿ܲã첻ͱϷѾɨѩŶ°Ժѩȫɨֽܼ꣬ɨݶѩ
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ƹܼҽѵ㿴ʲôݶѩ㲻ɨѵùɨɣȥɻү֮ǰϽѩɨˡ
ֻøݶѩ
Ҷ˷ѾǸϽǰźϴҶ˷紩·һڸ߸ߵбݶɨѩһΣյӡ
Ҷ˷ŵͣһ£ݶϸʲô
ֱЩ¸ߣսսɨѩһŵýһݶˤ

Ѿŵס۲ҿҶ˷ȴӦ죬һѾڻŵƮƮûм⣬ǰࡣ
ůĻȻ۾ᣬҪĨ۾ӲסŴͷ˵лүû¡
ҹû£Ҷ˷ŭ˵ݶʲô
ɨѩһͺˡ˵żɨѣٷźӡ
Ҷ˷ɨѺ㱿øʲôƵģҵݶȻˣбɨ
ſŵġСһûٿƹܼҵֻ֪ٽһСݶɨѩҶ˷縹ֹ̲
Ҷ˷翴ϵţʲôԹܼ˵ûУ
Źˡ
˵Ѷ𣿡
ˡƹܼҾ֣ܸĴүôЩˡչɫӵɫ֡æ˵үģȫ˵ȵᰴʱţ©һ˵ġ
Ҷ˷ɫ

Ҷ·æ꣬£ææµµ˹ʱڣֵĸҶҪӼֻؼҹ꣬ƹܼ϶ŶýͰˣǾҶ˷缸쳣ٶҲһ£Ȱ»ع̫̫
Ҷ̫̫û˵ҲأҶˣǷծˣ˵˻ؼҹĹأ˶߹ˣ˭źӣ
һԵҶƿҶ˷һۣضһ£ȴû˵Ҳ첻ٿҶ˷翴һл˵ҶҲһۣĵ㲻˵Ҳ˵
ˮɰ¸߼֣Щˣͷϥϣһѱһȥˮͬ˵ģһᰲͼ˼ġ
ָˣ֪ˮɻˮɵôĨƽǸļһ˺

ϵڶ죬һҼ֡
˭ʲôҶ˷翴˿ٷ磬ܲҲá
ǧǼֵѣȥͼžۡ˺ܱػش
Ҷ˷ʹ죬־ȻôƯѣǺܹӣôǰû˵ǵʲôϵ
ҼҵˣȻڸź򣬲ܻؼҹ꣬ûĹء
ǧؿǺѵõ˼ˣȴΪụ̄ǻʵۼҲū˼Ĺ涨ƾʲôɣ
Ҷ˷Ҳؿƾʲôͷֲļˡ
ֻ·ƽ·ˣҵͷˣҶүô飬СıӦ
Ҷ˷ŭɣƾʲôѵңٲϿȥСҲ
ǧЦһת뿪紵Ķȥһ㡣

Ҷ˷תתѾҲϰӣСĵذ緹Ҷ˷һ˵ʲô̹ˮ
ָϽȥٶʱҶ˷һ˵̫ˣɴιӶȥˡ
֪ź򣬻ҪҲ磬Ȼ׼ĴζʱֱҶ˷Ϊ̫ˣЩˡ
ϲ޵ɫҶ˷˵ôã֪ζ¥ʦûô
ԲּʱؼҺͼžۣܺλү뷨ֺǡ
Ҷ˷翴һҲӲ죬ֿ̱˵ҲǣֻǸ¥ۣΪͽգ͵ѧһƤëϲ̨棬˵ǰҲŵڣǾʳģ԰ҵľó
ļͥɫףҧҧ촽ʹͷǿûеҲ
㻹ȥԱߵѾһѡ
һóһƬɫ۵һ֣ˤˤ÷飬ѵ̺ҲһƬ
Ҷ˷絶һô㻹ҷƢ
˵ҲҷƢȥ
Ҷ˷翴һĮӣȻŭʲôʲôɾ
ָϽȥʰƬҶ˷ͷϴʡ£ôһۼôõȥϴ
ǡֵӦˣ˵ĵ̺ȥʰƬʱСֱƬ֣ڵ̺һĨ̺Ѫ
Ҷ˷翴ĨɫȻûҲ˵붯

ˮɿһУ̾˿Ȱүйܼ
ȥҶ˷ðѻϣһ߷ӣϵˤһء
ֵ̬ȰĻյüɸߣ˵Ҳ˵ֻؿһ۾ͿˣҲڣƫƫ˰ټˮɻɿеҰһÿ췢ȴҲ·

ˣϴˣСĶˡ㻹ûзءˮ̨ȰҲ֪ڼȰˣֻûһľأеһϴŵ̺ˮ̹ǣϵ˺͸˱ˮһ۵ģ·оһˢϴš
ôôأүͷ˵ĻʲôЩ˶ҲȰ
ϴˣ˻۵ġƢǵġˮɼȰֻתȥ
ҧͷҲ̧ڴ̹ǵˮˢϴšڲǱıֻһ˾ծūͣʲôʸ˵ʲôΥӵĶˣǲ˾ͻǸʱҲͲǷʲôˡ
ҧסᣬʸҲûУҲԲᣬ˿Ǹ仧Ӳֳܱ˸

ϣҶ˷Ѿ׼ԡϴˮ
ôŮˮͰǸͷأֵ͵ȥˡҶ˷ʵ
ˮֵؿһۣ𣺡үǽϴ̺ôǵ̺ܴ󣬲ϴˣˣԻûϴꡣ
ţҶ˷סˣ˿ɫôˣƮѩϴ̺ôҶ˷ֱŭˣһô԰
ðĸôĵӡ
ˮ˵ү⻰˵ˣôϴ̺ϴ̺˵֣ôֳ˹үˣѵүšŸɣүķԸ
ұ졣Ҷ˷ŭǰˮɷǳƽģôڼֵǻϽ͡
ããáˮɹұ죬үΪҽйܼҴʮӽѵˣֵúһ˵ô죬ڱˮϴ̺Ժ²ҲҵģϿϴϢɡ
Ҷ˷ݺݵһԲ󲽳ȥѾæϣˮֹ˵үԼȥɣ˸ŷˡ
˵ţһЦ̾

ֻھ̨ϴ̺ѩϣͷϣͷ˸׶񡣺Ȼһֻ͵ذס佩Ӳ֣Ȼһŭ𣺡ǲǴĺԣ
۾彩ӲվȣϤÿҲ֪˭ͷȥӲ˵ôҸүԣү͵ôģոϴˣԼ飬Ѿϴɾˡ
Ҷ˷һûзӦ
ַ֣ǿʹԼվȣûв˵үˣûʲôһطˡ
Ҷ˷ؿ΢΢תȥǵĲޱȵĴۡ
Ҷ˷ܹȥɷ˵ͻסӣñӸסȥѾȥгһ뽪ȥˮݽš
Ѿֵؿڿһֻ
Ҷ˷ŭˣ졭硭
ˮŵøϽүôˣôȥʲôô죿
ˮǿаϱӣֹ뽪Щ˯ȥŷģ̾үôԼͼʲôѽ͸ߣϲͶõ㣬ô򵥵ôʲô
Ҷ˷۾ȴûȫ˯ţ˵˵ҲŲϲͷۣҪ˵Ļں˭Ҳû塣 

лҪ˵£ֲˣСҶҲŲ




28

28 ... 
 
 
Ҷ˷ӵӽôһڣڶЩأ򿴹˵£ֻ΢ЩҩЩҲУˮִ̫̫ȡ̸ͨ򼸸磬һЩ
ˮɿЩˣ˶зҶ˷翴ϲˣûҲûʵôⶫǸһأ
ˮ䵭˵ү˵ôˣҿúأȥˡ
Ҷ˷¿ӽеȥȥˣ
ĸײôĸ׽ȲٽĸչܱûչǿЩ
ˮɾúƣôÿòүҲŵò˳ǰѲүˣȥ
Ȼ򷢳ȥˣҶ˷ˤص졣

ʱϹ̸̽˵үʲôˮҲع̫̫̫̫ͬȥˡ
ô죬ֲھǣҶ˷粻ҸϵۣŻ˿
ˮ˵˵ĸ׽סһݼңеطɴĸչܱȴڸûйܻҪЩүصġ
ޣǵģֻ㲻˵һʹ˳ȥ
ǣǡҲã»ٵòҪȥһȸүһүȳԷɡˮһߺһ߲ꡣ
Ҷ˷Ե£˼ھͷ¿ӡ

ܿ쵽˳Ϧʱ֣Ҷҷϸ¶ڡҶ˷ü棬ĸ׳ҹϯѻֲ¶ϣֻǿջЦ
Ҷ̫̫Ϊ岻ʹطϢ
Ҷ˷ƲֻصڴϷˮɸ·ҲֻԸȥ
ԱһСѾͷСİﰦ̾
ˮɴȤ̾ʲôѵˣ
С㲻Ҫ׽Ūң˿룬ĸˡ
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лл㡣ѾǶǳˡ
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ˮɽǺĳСӦˣʣݼҵס¥Ŀ鰡
ˮһۣҶ˷˯ŵӣȴŶ˵ﰵЦ˵ڹ¥ǱߣǮׯһ࣬泤죬ʾˡ

ǴһҶ̫̫Ҷ˷Ѱţˮɣˮֻ˵ͳȥˣ֪ȥˣҶ̫̫᲻źүȥҲ֪Ҳ˸ţһиʧôã
ˮɵͷҲұ⡣
¥֣Ǯׯһ⳵ϣҶ˷ƿ⿴
ǮׯһҺԺŽգ͵ҷж֣ԼŮЦ
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ӺһôСѽұ󡣡
ģС
ҳСҲ󡣡
죬ĸֹǣֶŮ˵вǼҪ
˵ﲻҪģѾˣ϶ˮɽҺȽָˮָʩβҲܺõÿ졣
ĸҲм˵ɲˮɹܳžۣҲӽӼǮǲܹꡣ
ڿͷǧ΢΢һЦĸˣҵѣҰӦõġ
һƯСŮܹλṫӣ˵ҶҸ硣

һ˵˵ܲ÷磬Ҳܼ͡
Ҷ˷ݵţֻӸɾ࣬ûʲôļҾ߰裬ʵĸ֣оϢ
ѻﵽ
ĲôҶ˷ʵ
ػش𣺡лҶӴʣ˵ЩӾͺˣ˵ڼ䲻ü磬üͣȫԻȥҶӷġ
Ҷ˷ĬΣͳԪϣ˵¹ɡ
ׯصش𣺡ллҶʹͣ޹»Ӻǲܣջȥɡ
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Ʋ죺Ѹڲˣװʲôģᡣ
ǧЦһⱨӦ
Զˣŷĳ˵вƽϣƣЩɵˡ

ʱڣμȫһǧΧһ֣Ҷ˷ȴǱһ뵽ЩǧһԺֲ֪ôĻòϲ޴йҲûСӼֵϷŹ⣬Ҷ˷˼ҾͰֳô棬ʲô
СĪ֪ôػ
˵ѽûȥĶˣ
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ôˣ
ã˺ö࣬ĸ׺չˣĲЩˣδﻹץһѹʳء
Ҷ˷û˵ʲôȴˤ̴ûɫѾǿ಻ԣֲһֻ̫̫ˮɱԹˮ޷˳壬ȥӼ֡

ĸùģԸȥֱϵ˲ŲԸػصҶ
Ҷ˷翴˿Ȼ˵ֻؼ죬һȥʮ죬òǰɣ
ִͷŽżҲҶ˷Ҫ˵䣬ܵˮɽӹүүͣ¥͡
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һ壬ˮɸϽ˵͸үţȰҪȾƣԲ嵭ġ
ȰƲƲ졣
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ǶǺͱСүֱüѣֻһģǱĺѣͥ˪ģۡ˵ԭũŴܼνǨֵõʵӺ׷ĶƷ٣̫ܵĽӼʹͣʥǳ¡

һũȻ˶Ʒ٣õʵ̫ĽӼʹͣǲ˼顣Ҷ˷ƣʹ˼ۣ˿ȥЩ֣裬Ǹܺˬˡ
ǱãͣвˣԼȷڴԹȲŸȣҲޱᣬ˸ж顣
Ҷ˷Ųˣȴʳ֪ζȫ񶼱˵Ĺϵô򵥣еѽ
ôеҲమӻֻѡ

˾һ˵飬һʱҲ˵ꡣҽͥ˪δһֵصũһܶһڵλḶ́˻ʹĥѣûĶ־ҵԽԽ࣬λҲԽԽߡ
Ҷ˷˷ǳжҲôһȥ۵εõƽôӡ
Ȼ͵͵Ҷ˷ƵĻͷȴڵͣ۾
Ҷ˷סģСʵôˣ
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ôôױжҲޣˮģҶ˷ûӣǳ㿴ʲôӣȥϰҵ¯
Ҷ˷Ѽ֧ʹߣıӰֱʧתͷȴͬļ˶ڿϴžȡҶ˷ò˼˵յСˣ֪ǼЦˡ
ͥ˪һĨȻЦҶӺʲôϵѽģ治
յСˣʲôϵҶ˷ν˵ȴԷдŲţ̲סЩ߳ŭҺûʲôϵ
ŶһãȻ⻰һӻȻӡ 

лҪ˵˵ŵںıֻҪոͿϰˣôʱȥͷֵ˾Űˣţ棬ӣޱȽϺŶĽܲܡ
һƪҪҪдBGпܿŸ°°




29

29ţ⾺ ... 
 
 
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ף߹˭ͬʡ
Ŷͥ˪Цľ˸ѵھӣʳС

ʱһǻֵҪΪӣϸһ
ͥ˪ϲɫϽȥкඣķѷþòˣĸ
Ǹǻžϲඣû뵽ǹڵþò񡣡
ͥ˪һͷ۾ĽҽܣķѷӢˣѣⳡϳҵƽսʱҲĴæǹ
Ҷкּһλӡ
ͥ˪ֲ꣬һ߱Թ겻ĺ˵ûôˣҪóòãӦǹƼ
ķѷڵȼɵÿ죬ԹڵС
Уڵٿ죬Ҳ˵Ƽͥ˪ԡ㳢ᣬй˵ľ
ķѷʳй˺о˵йܸ
Ӧ˵йܹ󡣡ͥ˪ָ
ķѷ⣺Ǯ˼ҲǮ˼ΪʲôҪùø
ͥ˪ͰҲͲ壬Թʦû̺ãֻ˵֮ʲô˿֮ıá󡯲áôΪʲô

ķѷԹ˵й̫ˣĸѣй˵һǵһǡǵⶫôԣտʲôˡˡˣҲ죬֡
˶Цȴû͡ķѷݣйʲôҲˣֵǰİ˽ԩңǰˣΪʲôСԩҡǹҰѰ˽СġҲ⡣
ͥ˪Ͳ壬ֻ˵˵壬йԵĲģ
йΨһڲԾʹõԴ֣ҲΨһԵ͵ֻ֡й鷨Ҳֻй鷨滭ʫʡ׭Ϊһ壬Ǿ޽еġͥ˪Ź𾢽йԵĻָϯϵ˵
йˣĴζ˴ϵÿóȥ԰ʳ硣
ķѷ˵й˶ô󣬿ҿãйиȱ㣬̫ࡣ磬йü꣬ԿõĿţŶԲϣйţⲻ±Ļǿģִ֡
һ¡Ҷ˷˿ڣйţصģɱԣ֮ϽɱţģЩʳõĶʹ̭ţȻãټţⱾЩӲϲԵ˲ֻ࣬²ա
ķѷͬ˵ⲻɣ˵ģ֣ǿԻƽΪġǹңʮϵţҲۣҾйվȲˡ
λүô˵ֻûԹйˣ³һζţ㳢һͻȻ˽

˻ͷһԭһֱĬĬ˵ļ֣ǻë۵Ĵйˣıǣʵ̲ס˿ڣҪӡ
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һΪֲҶ˷ʹɫ˶Էս
¥Ҳ֣ү˵й˱Ȳˣ˲ˣ¥ҲҪйһʶʶ
󣬴ҴЭ飬ķѷ֣¥һʮţΪزĵĲɫһԡƽ

صҶ˷Թ֣ʲôܰƮ߹ٹңǼʶ㳢ʳֻ֪ζ¥ӣ͵ѧ˼ҳˣϴϯĺöھȻսˣӲС
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Ҷ˷Թ꣬šü뷨ӣȻ뵽⡣

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סˣʲôҪȥСţ
ǰҶ˷ΪüƣΪܰæǳˡչȻҪҲҪռһ˵ʲôƽ棬˿վܱᣬȥСţ㣬ʩչȫգˡ
Ҷ˷绹Ϊֻܸˣԥ˵С
ʲôôУΪʲôҶ˷ԼĶ䡣
˵αҪʮţ͵͵СţףӮҲʤ֮䡣ְ˵ú档
Ҷ˷ֺֺЦôôأʮţţţһҲСţô죿ˣ㽫ҪǹҺӦս˿ɾͶй˵
ֻǺܼ˵ҼˣҲ͵ȡⲻҵԭ򡣡
Ҷ˷֪ƢҲҪԼҲֻȥ

󣬱ʽʼص¥ҲԼλ׼Ʒ²ˣиΧ׼λһչ֣Ȼйһʤ
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ŲҲţƬûϣƬеüðСݣɫĲϣ۴󷽡
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ҹũΪҪţԳֹ͢ɱţֻйʹ̭ţſɱʳ.ǣʮţЩӲڸвãαҪʮţΪһţˣʦϹ²ʽҲƹ㡣ǡ
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ԣ飬һŲֱ̭֡
ҲͬĵͷΧ۵ĹҲ¥ʦͷɥ

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˶Цţ⵱Ȼţζˣѵбζ
˵ţӦţζںܶʦΪòԵڲͬʹϣȫʧȥʳıζһζҪʮֻ䣬ȫԲ㣬һܲ˿ҲҪüֱʧȥԭܲζ֮ζʹ֮룬ζʹ֮ϵҪȥϵζгϵζûϵıζ
һǴȻ֮մȾû˳֮ģѾȫʧȥıɫ³ˡҲһһӰ˵ûϵıζζٺҲ³ˡ
ⷬһ˶ͬصͷ
󣬼һ£˽ʤΪţ⡣
˶˽ʤţ˭أ 

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30ժ ... 
 
 
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ţ⵽˭ģ챨Ƿ׷׽
󣬼ֺվ˳

һʤǸû˵꣬ȵؽͷһ۵˼ʶ̺ȫһš
ѽʤߣһѶƽȻأȴй˼ͷһǰ¶ؽӹΧ޴룬Ҳ˷һ»񽱸ʲôġ
Ҷ˷纬΢ЦԶԶŴĿĵǸˣȻԼýˣΪԺ
λָ߱ͬʦ㵽һߣķѷ¿˶ϸϸƷһŽϸƷ¶ϲĹâеŶţǳۣû̫ζֻţⱾζԽԽԣôأʮţ̶ʲôϣ
ҵǫشţＹ̯ľôһʱöִϵάʹۣ֮·гɱƬúƾƽĩƣ͹Ѹٷͽͻƾнõ֭
ţŵģˡķѷܺˬʾķ
ֿˬ죬ҲܸˣҲ˳ţ⣬ţƬŴɲ϶ζнͷǿԳԳţζǲ֪ĵʲô
ķѷõǿଡ
¡ʲô˶ʲô

ķѷܣӡȣҪɸɣ÷ͳ㣬Բཪⰾɫܶ࣬ΪɫɫζŨûй̶ƣֲͬϻ㼯һ벻ζ
ţҪé¶ƷۡƤܾݴѵȺζϣζ͵ͬʳҿԿθ
ķѷһѿଵζͶ洦ĸֿƷóк졢ơסüɫ࣬Ȥ׷ƿоеĻ˻
ͥ˪Цܻᴴ̻
ķѷҲЦҲܰһȻ뵽һֵúǮǲŽиצӡ
ǽи֣Ǹצôʺòͥ˪˵ļֵļ磬佱Сӣ泤ӣҽˣԺʲô鷳Ŷ
ЦӦˣ˱߳Ժö̸죬ȻǳͶķѷǺȤ£۾ۣزͣʶ˲ϱһߵҶ˷硣
Ҷ˷翴Լƣѵÿųɣ᲻ðĿ֣ҲûǼֱ̫б

ϦڷĽֵϣһӭڵϡ
Ҷ˷籧ԹǳͷԼɶˣҽ㣬˻ؼҡ
Բ𡣡ֵͷϴ
Ҷ˷翴˹˳һɻ𣺡İ̸ʱ䶼ˣҾû˵ˣǲǣ
ֻǴͷ۾̧ĵ˵࣬û˵
Ҷ˷ȭͷһſסԼıƢȻһ󱯰ԼľѾԶǧɽˮҲԽȥ
ǣֺܲġ
ǸĽȤţܸȤѵҲȥ⿴һ𣿡Ҷ˷ͷ
ȷʵ˼Ǹķѷһǰδе澳һͨⲿĴţޱȷḻ棬ԼĴҲ֪ûϣܵ濪۽硣
Ҷ˷翴ϸ˼Ͳ뷢ַֻε̾˿

ӣضҶ˷磬ÿֻǸˣɨɨԺӣ͹ԼﲻҶ˷翴ȦΪû˯ãҲûָʹģȥӦʱҲûдȥ
ֲû˯ãǸ˯Ҫ׼Ǵ󿼣ǴСûûѧ൱ֻͷ׶̹ǵıƴù
ܿԪڵˡȫĵطַսƽϢ͢ר죬Ան˺úõĴһǰȡԪѽڵĻֲ
Ҷ˷Ҳ׼ȥ˴ϼ֣йܵȼĸСˡ
ֱȥǼͷֻۣðסᷳҶ˷ȥһ

ǵԪѽڷȻ𴦲ͬǹڸѣ˿֮ԲʵƳʳӣӳɫͬһЦȻõͲ
ִûھǹƽڣۻҵĲʵƣǺˣϷ񣬿۾Ʋˡ
ּŮӣûд̣Ǵ°ɫױʮֽġ
Ҷ˷翴ЩŮӿ˵֣طôŮӿ
ֲ˼ֻǿЩŮӴһɫѾ֡
Ҷ˷ЦЦͣиϰףԪѽڣδŮӴ°ɫѣ˵߹˾ͿԵõԵ
ߣҲȥҶ˷粻ӦȥذȥÿͷתͷԼ˵ô˿ԵõԵ
ֶԳɻ鲢ȤͷôҲֻøһ¡
ԺŷԼһֱֻĳ˵һѣȴѲֻš
ӻһȺŮӾԵۣټҶ˷糤ӢߴڶŮעӣֿôзȻһȭӹȥıӣٷ

ţɳ֥飬ڣӦоаԪ̯ϰ
˺þãҶ˷ҲöˣżִȺмȥܵȼҲȥ
ϰ壬ԪҶ˷żͷ
ѣ㲻ܳʳ
ȻҶ˷˵ǲܳ϶кʳȻҲű˳кʳȥֹҶ˷᲻ֻ֪ǰˣҲˡ
Ҷ˷Լ˵ȴҳɡ
ؿһۣȻԼȰԽˣʲôͼ
ʲôӣȴϸϰ̯ϵԪƷ֣Ϊ˶ɳ֥顢ɽڵԪˣҶүķΧ֮ڡ
ֲʳҶ˷Զɴ۾ԣֻҨһԣ̯ϵĶû治Ǻ֥Ǻ֥ĥ飬õʣȻһ壬Ƥϸ廬Ŵ㡣

ܴӸ̯϶һ뼦棬ףһף˵ķߣżƬȺ㹽ܺãζ˱ǡ
ֶʳܸȤ뼦ϼѣ̲ס˺üۡҶ˷ƹȥ㳢
ֺһڣţζʣǳζ벻һС̯Ҳʳ
ܽҲܺá벻ô۵С̯õ档
̯ϰ˵̯ϰ̯þˣʮһգֻ뼦棬ΪֻһֶζϾ󾫣Ϊһĺʳ
ͷǰֻҪרһ£԰һСþƾ
ȳ԰ɣԸҲ˳ȥҪۡ
ֲٿֳҶ˷ɫһһѡ۲ɫһʱ⡱ϲһš
ӴҶ˷۵òǺɤݺݵһۡ
ԲŶָϽϴ΢΢Ҷ˷翴ĨݼŵЦ⣬һӻȻӰ١

ֿ˵ƾһְҶ˷زһţ·Щһһյģˬ϶Ҳоˡ
Ҷ˷类ݲһţܲޣҲ£üֵĸҶҶ˷ץסѣ˵ΪҶʲôطȥͿԳȥ𣿡
ҲҪȥ䣬ҡսȭͷ
ðɣȥȰһ¡
ʲô£
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Ұõˣ˵Ŷ
Ҷ˷ֱ飬ٿĴ󶴣һӶڹ˯һ߿˵ʫ˴䡣
Ҷ˷ûʫ򼸸磬ݶֻ¶˯һ뵽ǽЦ⣬Ҳ̲סշת˯š
Ӯһغϣˬҹճ飬ּһͻȻ١

ȴҾѾû˶ԺԺ᷿
Ҷ˷ڶ˯紵û˯ã緢ԺģǵʱѾԿƣֵķ֣ǴӼסĶ᷿ģҼûг
һ˲žǸ˲֪ʲôʱѾӡĥӡǡⱲӣûô¹

ǲǻ氡Ҷ˷羪ŵؾסһʡ
ƹָܼ˾Ȼ𣬵Ժ˶ڣΨ֣ɼ
Ҷ˷缱ԴðץһˮͰԼͷϽȥְһˮմʪͷһͷ𺣡
һз̫죬ˮɺ͹ܶûüסֻȼŴӡ
ſѾţҶ˷һᣬ۳ȥȥһּſڵϣҲ֪˻ǱѬȥȼյķҡҡ׹ҹҶ˷һưŵķƿסʪţٳ𺣡
ŵò֪룬Ҷ˷ֳݣϽĴϵĻ

Ҷ̫̫ԺĻ⣬ŵҲסȥӣҶסĸ׷ģ϶ȵڲԹȥǺš
зҶ̫̫ȥǰ㣬һƬ⽹֡
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Ҷ̫̫𣬵챣ӣֲ˻ܽŻԺʲôѽ𣿡
ҲһĨᣬ˵
Ҷ˷翴λĸ׵ģҲΣ˵ӲТĸ׵ˣʵһá
˵ŻӻӸ첲ʾ
ƹܼѾ˲鿴֪ԺԺķȫջ٣ǴӼסġ

Ҷ̫̫Դŭݺݵż֣ȻǲģȻŷŻ𣬽ǲɱˣ
ŵùڵϷƹܼ˵ǴģҲ׼֣˳鿴˲֪˯ˣûȻһ紵ӣƣһʱȻûзɴ
Ҷ̫̫Ұ˵϶ݻ𷸣ŭȥʮ͹
˴ӦҪѼȥ
ҶȴţĸϢŭֻɱ˷Żˣٴò١
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ֹڵϴͷ˵ⳡĴô˵أ
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ҡʿĭֻ˵ˣС˯ˣ˴Ϩ򡣡
ƹܼҲӷȳ𣺡˵ʲôвС˯˴򣬴ҹ㲻˯ʲôȻ˯Ϊʲô򣿡
Ҷ̫̫ӣҽƱ磬ôӣⲻĵݻ𷸡
Ҷ˷ֹǲСģݻĻ϶Żտⷿסӣ˵ʲôǴԼģ㱻ԣӦòġ
˺⣬мһۡҶ˷ٴο۹⣬̲סһᡣ

Ҷ̫̫ΪаŮװլƭүڼ֪ڸĻŻݣŭˣȻҶ˷ֵ֤⣬Ȼ϶ģںڰĸ﷣
ֹСûдûвˮֶ£֪ôźãİ͵ٸˡ
أôôùأǲҪˣֱŸ첲һţ巢ͷۣϴʹ۵ġ
ڼֻʧȥʶ֮ʣ㱾죬һ˽һŮƵ˽
ɽôţǰһʲôҲ֪ˡ

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ץסֻ֣ůԼϣĦš
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һ죬֣ǿʣôǲҪ͵ٸ
Ҷ˷Цһ˵͵ٸȥôûӵļһ
һšӵˮЦã̫̫õϢϼҵľүزԶүź̫̫ϼˣ̫̫һߣү͸ϽҪҰųҪȻںٹһҹ㶳ˡ
һůֿҶ˷˵л
ߣҶ˷ͷȥһǻɻò˵ҵķӣôң
ҡ뷨⡭ֺµصͷŻ˷ӣˣһҲⲻˡ
Ժ䵹ĶܹӣҪɡ
һ£ټǮʾ޿һҲ
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Ҷ˷翴ȺǳתָֻɣԽȤˣҲ̽
ϥǻ۲ۣ
ϻһһҹ˵۲ֱۣԹذһۣޱίԴӵҶңûٰӣ˸ݻĻĲǹ˷ӡ
ֻᡣȥ˷ĿСϱ
Ҷ˷翴оְӴžȻҸࡣ
ҪҪִкĳ˺ݺݵһ١

ӲȻںݹһ죬ǺҩϢһܿͻָˣҶ˷ˣֻ
ԴҶ˷˺󣬼ִ粽չʳӣΪķӣΪ˾ԼˣֺΣСźҶ˷翴ֺϸãʱʱЩŹֵҪ
ʱֱڵϴˮͷϣһ˵ֱһµˣûֻðϸظҩϴ
Ҷ˷翴Ϳҩʱרעӣ࣬Ȼһδ뵽뷨רעһڡ
㿴ʲôֱúܲڡ
Ҷ˷ţʲô壬ȥͷסĴζǰδУʤеʳ
ƿŪòײŽֱֻۣһʵͷһرӵǣӵǣƤ񣬿ĳζȴⷢζҲرᡣ
һ˲ŷֿҶ˷糢ζط֣Ȼֹȴɫܲ
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ֻһַʽıĥ˸飬ٰݺݴˤµô
Ҷ˷ʻִл˵ү湻ôʲô
Ҷ˷ĬȻˣӳѹԼΪΣգǳ˼飬ǰЩ쿴С˪ܣҲˣӣαںŮǿ䵭ָ̬еЩ٣֪ʲô̬

ţûθڣɣƽڽֱ̯ϳԵͲôҶ˷һ
ᣬھ¥ۣǱҪġ
ղüͿʼ棬İˤ棬ٺٺ˷ת۵
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Խ䣬ԽǾӣøϷ˺üʽΧһ˹ͣһ߿佱
ܵԽҪŪգԽˣּһСģ治кת˷򣬾ʵʵһ˦ԸϣΧ۵˶Ц࣬ҲŪˣʵ¹̳Žͷٽ밾õȻ˵

Ҷ˷һ͵ƽڽ̯ϳԵ뿴ȥһģһǼֵһӡ˭˦һƵġ
ô£
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Ҷ˷Ȼţ˭úõ·ײɫʲôĸ۸˵ҲǣڸͲ˷ӣ˷߲ȵ͵˽Ҳеġ
Ҷ˷ɫѿû˵ʲôĬĬ棬ûޣ򷢼ȥϢԼҵĻƹܼңݺݵһ٣ƹܼĪʲôҲûôүˣƫƫүԭֲֻᣬֻǽѵˣٷָ۸˵·һܼҡ
ˮҲүٻΪʲôɶҲû

شأȻֺµ԰ҰˣȻڳصģըޤӣС϶Ŷǰ˽ǻҲ˼ȰӣǮӡ
Ҷ˷翴Ĳ˲̫Ȥ׷ü˵ôû⣿
ģȰӾĩƤƤģ鷳ġָ֪ͣܲ
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Ȼʡ£ԴⲻãزãҪزζҪѸĹ򡣡
ֺ֪ôļһһţĽͣϻǸǰѶϺûģѶȡٽ֭֭Ҳǰ˺üʱĺ˸ءǸײ˵ĲģҰĩӼ˼βųɹ㻹ޡ
θﶥסˣٳĲã׻˵ĺã̵˶ƽ
Ҷ˷죺˵һ䣬˵ʮ䣬Ҳ˵вС

˵ĳ죬ֻͷԷЩȻҰˣһֻζƳ㣬ÿһڶܽϢȰй΢ζżһλζǺġ
ڻ԰ڵҰôҶ˷žúʣһ䡣
Ҳģ԰ûȡ
ȥЧⴺΰɣһһҰˡ
ֿô£Ҳ÷ԣֻôӦˡ

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أѵҪҸϳҲᣬѳϹô죿
Ҷ˷Цϳ˵ģҸϳֻҪǹܸš
ϳԱߣӭĴ磬ǳ⣬Ҷ˷ĲҲࡣ

µĴ죬ɽˮµϢڿУһŷޣǴƯѵ̤ࡣҶ˷Щ˴Ưȴûһߵļֳɫ
Ҷ˷żֱܿȺƧ棬ӢأһƮƮ˵ͷϼϡҶ˷֣ͣӣֱӵ÷ȴѡ
Ҷ˷оĿܣһֱ۵üͷ֡
ϪߵĲݵϣֻǵͷҶ˷°̧𣬿Ļһ
֣ǲң
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㲻Ҫң֡
Ҳҡ
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Ҷ˷ɫһ棬ڱ߶
ǰ˽ǻҲˣζ󲤲ˣֹѪⶾáǴޤԽƢʳĿСͨ

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ҷ㶫Ŵ׼ɫ跹Ѳͬ󣬾Ͳõ׷ٳˡ
Ͳ׷보ļУඹܲټͲĤŵ㣬ζ͸һ𣬷ǳЭ
ɫඹɫľڸࡣܲࡣӻɫƢࡣ׹ɫڷࡣ㹽ɫˮࡣ֮á
ذͲķڴ򿪣һ߽ܡ

ΪǴΣԲɫˣۣɽҰˣݲˣ㡣
ԣֻü򵥳Щɡ
ѾܷʢˡҶ˷糢һڣ佱˵˷ǳˬڣڲͬĺζ
Ϊõĵζײһ˿ʱƹ֭ףжص
ġҶ˷̾һ䣬Ҿмص㣬һǱʳﱾζϡɫḻʣǳͨİˣҲҪڳʵɫ
ֻǵͷʳоʹϣȻζ㣬֮ȴ˵ζΪү֢ʳޣණܳԣҲܴʹϣɫͷ׵ӣʳ
Ҷ˷ĬȲ裬˵úܵǾΪʳ룬ֻһʱ嶯֮¾Ȼˣ˼Ǻң
ָ΢ʹͷҿ
ҪңҲ˺㡭
վʰ䵭˵үϲˣͻȥɣҪء
Ҷ˷̾˿Ҳվȥ

˲ڳϣǰխֻܽذŵҶ˷϶еζ˼תܹ˺ĲΪ仰ͻָԭڵҲŸ飬ֻܰԼ˺
үû㣬Ҳûк㣬ҶʲôʲôӰֻǸģֻܳԾˣαںġ
Ҷ˷Цһ£ģҪʲôأѾԶˣҲزȥ

Ҷ˷ݺ˦һ±ӣͷһصݳûպãݺһ˦ȥ˦ۣ˾㳯·߱ȥϻһһײ˹Ҷ˷زסʧ룬Ҳ룬ӻס֡
һתʹ֮£ܿڰ 

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33ҩ ... 
 
 
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ҺܺáָϽܹߣҶ˷翴û£ŷģ𳵻¡
ײ󣬳˶ˤ˳Ҷ˷˼ȣҲײһ£ûд󰭣ֱûˡһˣȻľǧҲ̤֣֮࣬ľǧŵûˣǧȴȣҲûд󰭡
һ¹ʣҵүΪҶҹˣֺۣòײŰ˺ߣٺҶ˷ô졣
ε¹ҶҪǮʲôģɡҶ˷ó
ԵĴүҶ˷ȻôãЩˣһҲֻҲֻ˵ǧֶܺã޹ܺҲñǸĥܱǸ⡣

ʳܱĶ³˼ġǵ˵˲˳Դ磬˽ţһζʱһζȣ˿ӱʳвѪ֮ЧӺ춹ɳ鷳ǻʱҺá
֮װʳ͵ҵլڣǧµϿ꾰ʳЦ㻹İҵ˲ˣֻŤ˽ţûʲô˵ġ
ַʳаѶһó˵ȻˣϾǲã۵ˣǲʵڹȥ
־ĳáľСϰڵļʳ۾һʣʲôСͷ
Ͱ档ý⳴콷魲˷Եʱֱ˵ʾԷѳõĸɷͷĿĴȻݸǧ
ó԰ޣֵһƣ߳Աģ̸ͩԺȤ£̸ú֪˲٣־ǳȻ˯˹ȥ
ľǧס˵Ҫ񲻺ã˯߲㣬ҲҪһ˯һǰȥˡ
ƣļ˯ûڵأʱѾǳ˿ɫ̫꣬ҹֵҶ˷磬ڶ컹ûͼŻȥľ˱ȥصҶɽׯϽһСܵϷԺһݾͿĳ

㵽ȥˣҶ˷翴ûغһȻҹ֪˭ȥˡ
ȥ򸮸ʳˡ
ʲôõģôڣҶ˷ӻ󣬡ҲˣӦչҲǣȴͰ͵ظǧʳð͹ȥҹôã᲻뿪ôͽԵõʲôô
ּѵ⣬ȻҲðһӻǰֿ飬ټڵᣬԽ죬˵ûӴҺܺãһҾúů̸ʱ䡣
㡭㡭Ҷ˷˵ϵĲ볯˹ȥ
ǰҶ˷ӶǲļӹȥֻҪһͿԱܿμȴûбܣȲˮһҶ˷һţҪȥûУֻؿһתȥ
Ҷ˷ؿһʯͷϲ¶µܣŭˤӡ

ȥ緹Ҷ˷ûȴûжˤ˵ûθڣЩȥ
ֺ൹ͷϣһ뵽ˣסȰ緹ɲãⲡ緹ͷ
ܣ㻹ǸȥҶ˷Ҫ죬ȻһϮ
ֿɫԾϽסôˣﲻ

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ָϽȥ˴һֱΪҶ˷δ֪̫ҽ
Ҷ˷ڴϣϸܵĺ飬֫䣬ֿЩˣԼǵûкת޼ƿʩֻýŵؿ̫ҽı鶯
̫ҽɫأŰ׺ӻ˵үĲ̫á
Ҷ˷Աߵ˷Ը˵ˮɣ㵽ȥԸŪòˣ֣㵽ţ˽
˳ֻ̫ҽҶ˷絥һ
ţȻֲõԤУȴ֪ⲻԤдֻޱãȻ

һ̫ҽָϽӭȥ
֣̫ҽȥ
Ŷֲףûпҩ
֪˵ÿˣúõǡ
̫ҽصҶ˷ߣʣôˣ̫ҽ˵ʲôΪʲô
Ҷ˷Цһ£ҵĲҩΣ̫ҽӡ
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Ҷ˷𴽽ǣ˵֣㵣𣿡
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ȻҩΣǾʳˣԵķʳԽӰʳƺˣͿԿƲ飬ʤҩơ
˵ǣ׻˵ҩֶҩʳʳӱȺҩҪáѰ˼⼸ʳס컻ŻʳѾҶ˷Բõ˲飬ŸõȥѧЩ²ʽȥ뵽ϻھ¥ǸķѷϴƮϲʳģ϶֪»ȥʼƻȽϺá

Ҷ˷翴ֽʷҽоʳףרעӷǳɰſţ۾ἸҪᣬۣﷺһɬ˸е
ֶʮڵʳײ̧ͷҶ˷ڶк㺣繴Űˡ
ֱӲ㲻ҪѹĲȻҩΣȴʳƲ飬ֻҪˡ
áҶ˷纬Цͷģʲôҳʲôǡ
Źԡֵָܵʳ
Ҷ˷ﱧֱ۳˼

ڶ죬Ҷ˷ϰԼһס¡˵ĸ׶׽׽
ϼֱĨᣬҶ˷֪ԼûлرʵҲûĸ΢׽ж
Ҷ˷ʣµλ̫̫ÿһǧӣǳȥѰ˼ҡˮɰ£ֶˮ˵СҼҷңʵίˣҲؼҰɡ
ˮɾĪ
˵и磬йָΪĻԼΪƶʧȥϵֱҼңҵʱѾͨҲ㡣Ҷ˷һϻӴ򿪣
ǧӣҸļױҲҶչ˵ĴлȥӰɡ

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ҵ˼ߣ𣿡Ҷ˷粻ͷذϻӸתߡ
ˮɿ̬ȼⲻıˣֻʰ˰ȥ˵ûвɢϯ浽˷ֵʱ򣬶ٻвᡣ
ˮɿ޵ԣֿҲѹһĻŮӣҲûʲô˼վȲƽޣʹʹڷҲǻ¡
ϲ⣬ȰǼҲˣôˮҲˣСˣϸôҲ򷢳ȥˣ
Ҷ˷˵ҲСˣҲҸŮӺúùӣӹ֮ǰżͨǶ˼ҲأԣҰȫˣǸѰԼҲҪȢˡ
ϴϲ̫̫Ҳϲһһİڷ˵㵢˼Ů˵ԼҲԿˣϴĸúȢ޹ӣ̫̫֪һǳˡ
Ҷ˷ǿЦһ£ĸ˵ǣǰ̫ƣ֪ˣԺ󲻻ˡ
Ҷ˷׼ϴĸ棬ȢӺúùӣﲻ֪ôرζɬɬһؿںܲ

Ҷ˷ˮ֮󣬰ź½˴ѾСַָ»ơ
ׯӵ½
ֳһҲᰡ
㲻ѧ㼴ȻҼҸɻ͵
Ҷ˷Լµׯ˲кĶˮĶвݳĶţϰͷгĶ԰԰ɡЩذصһЩ̶⼸ĲҵȻҲ鸮ҲٲԼŬ

Ҷ˷صλã軧٣δϸϸ˵ܲģݺͷ˵õģЩǲһᷣġ
ֱͷһۣ˲ҺֻķԸׯӵĲҵ 

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ͽүֻӸһ仰
ƵǼֻ֣Ҷ˷кܶʱԼ֧䣬Ŭ飬Ҫׯ£ʱܲãۿǵʱԽԽˣѹҲԽԽ
ڳҪׯҵٵũùƣЧͷ׶̹ƴù᲻ԼĴȣüϸСľ

Ҷ˷翴緹ʱܲãƣӡ
緹ǰ׹࣬ݩ⣬˱ֱмСˡ
һ԰ɡҶ˷ԸѾͷһꡣ
˵
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һů˵岻ãֳԲҩֻܿʳԺôء
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ŶСŮб𣬲öֶŵġָϽܾׯϵºܷӣۡ˵գϣȥׯĻ

Ҷ˷һüЩ⣬ԴԺ󣬼˵ԼþҪᵽ԰ƫƧһСסҲźҲֻܽĹƢ
ׯҪѧԼׯ԰ʲôɲУҪɴƭ֪ڲ˶ء
ʲô־ȵصɴ۾ʲôԼׯӣ
ŶҶ˷˵˵ԺԼأҪѧׯӲС
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Ҷ˷ǿЦһ£ס㲻ҪֻǰأΪԺ㡣
ԺҲׯӵģĶһͷţ뵽ϱľծþĶҲңɼ¡

סҶ˷òԾϸֻ϶ϸСС˿ڣϸСĶ̵ġ
ô£Ҷ˷Ŀڵÿ¡ֿɫѿŵһ֪֨֨˵ʲôãҶ˷ûʣׯȻҵƹܼҳһ١
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Ҷ˷߼аһܼͨĻˣϽ˵ûиŻƣֻǸүѣȻڹܼүķԸѧϰׯЩһὡ˵ۣ뵱үƴҵʱˡ
Ҹû۸˭۸ָүǷʲôѽ
㻹ҽƱ磿Ҷ˷ϵ˲ŪģѵԼŪĲɣ
ֳʱѾС񼱻Żܹˣεˡ

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ãȥ򡣡ƹܼҲŻˣƴĦ⣬Ҳ׼ҪиʲôãƢү϶ҪǨŭЩˣŵøϽܡ
쵰ǺǸӹҽȥ̫ҽҶ˷һ¡
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ϣ־ˣЩͷƣҲûʲôĲʣճùԼ飬Щ徭Զ絷ĺóԵô˼һ;ͷƣСԼ֡
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ˣȭŭ𣺡ƾʲôңѵڸ鸮ģͿƲѵҼҾƶ͵Զѵұȸ㵱˾ûʸ׷ԼҪĶ𣿡

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ʲôҪһζؾܾңĴһֱһ죿

ȻҲٷ˵ҲΪܾ㣬Լļ֡
Ҽҵ䣬һƶϴƶҪҪάԼϣܷǷ֮ӦǷ֮£Ǹˣ˵ҵҲҪأԼ׷󣬾ˣ˶ٺҲСׯ԰ҲҪ

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㶵ؿʵڸԾ˼άνҹ︺˲赹ˮҹ֮۵Ļһ㶼ϷѾôҪأ
϶һΪ˿ϣкǰ;ǻһ

Ҷ˷ѼϷϴԼҲϴˣֵȼһ֧㣬Ȼڴϣּ˵ߡ
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Ҷ˷סһڴ£˵㲻鷳ˣŴ˯Ա߰ɣҹҪҪˮĴˣʡҹ˯ҽв㡣
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һҶ˷һϽͣ˶ֻǺһ˸˯Էģ˹ȥСصҪɻȥ룬ذѼ˷ţԼࡣ

һ˯ü𣬵ڶ̫Ѿϸߡ
ѽˡ־ŵشӴ
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ŶƲ֣Ҷ˷֢֢״Ƕ򣬶ⲡεģȻһܿɶ۸飬ﲻ뵽زҲܲζǰʢ緹Ҳʧȥθڡ 

лҪ˵Ŭģȡᡭ
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35

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ƫƫҶ˷粻˯࣬۵ر˯˵˯Ҳ˯ţ˯ŵġ
˯ʱһ𣬼ŵԡ㣬˵ζ˳ԣȻҲû뵽ξܾǵڶ죬˶һӡ

Ҷ˷紩űƤһЩĺۼЦûȵʱôˣ
Цˣ㲻֪ෳ
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Ҷ˷Լķ¸˵˵иƫҪܼ£ôأ
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Ҷ˷ֻ˵ø㣺ôһˣһμǿҿû֣Ҫǧѵʵ̫ѣⶼûô·вĲд˹ϣŬܶҲ±롣
㻹ǵһѧʱиʮŷôһӶûϣҲϣҲշһഺȰȥƲ

룬Ūˣ˵Ȼĺѵ⣬ͲҪ˶ӾܽȰˡ
Ҷ˷ΪѣãķܶĿ꣬ǿģ缰ʱȰܴ졣
ǲһΣҲ׼ԼλãҲȰ棬㻳ءʵһξ֪ԼĽýȥҸˡ
Ҷ˷ЦһҲֻˡ

ףҶ˷ָ°˻ƣÿְʱѧŹׯʱ鷿鱸Ҷ˷ҲһѧϰǣΪҲӦ
ֺܸˣ˺ԼһǺܿĵ£Ҷ˷ѧ൱ģԼʲôĵط
ʣҶ˷絹Ľ⣬˵ñ
ֻصˣҲֱŤþóԵϲֻԼľҿйٲ㡣

Ҷ̫̫ϼҵ»صҶ˼֪Ҷ˷Ŭ׼ӦȻǷǳοҲ˳Щ
ŷæӹúܿ죬ǴԽԽʳֻŰҹҶ˷ȰУҲǲס٣Ǳ֤˯߳彡ܸõӦƽ˵ԣᱣ壬ֵԼôҲôǰ˺ˣ
Ҳֻ֪ǶԼˮƽŲðҹķӦİգƫҶ˷⻵һÿ첻Ҫϴ˯Ҫ§һ˯˯ţֻñɴ˯һմͷ˯ģҹ

ҶңüĲӣźүӦо飬ҪõĶǳȫҶ˷ȴٰޣܼ׼һ׸Ưþߡ
ֿߣԺľߵƯйϵ𣿡
ľƷʹ˳֣ŻҶ˷дʣֱƲ죬Ҷ˷ܼرһþߣǰþ߸˼֡
ֽˣ׿Եþ߰ķıƵĺ겼ȵȣǳȫҾԷϳ͢涨Ľ׼ʡ¡

˿죬Ҷ˷ͼֱַҶԴǵӦ֮Ҷ˷绹о񣬼ȴɫҪ
Ҷ˷ס˳˵Ȼ˾ͲҪôˣ㿴ɫһ
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Ҷ˷ָ˵յʱҲֵʱʱոӻ֦ͷֱӷѿԺҪϽɹһӻᱻߣһҲ׷ѣ֮ׯھǿԷԣׯ˶үϡ
һûһ԰֮࣬żҲһ䣺ǰҼҲмĶأûô鷳
ҪܰǧĶĶȻ͹ʮĶزһǹ軧Ǽ鷳ء
ûȥ˯ţҶ˷ͷԼĴϣЩ

ȼһԼڳϣһŴϣŴֲڣٿܣܼªӣҶ˷ڴͷϣŲ
ﰡ۾
һũңڰ·ˣԵұһꡣ㼴ȻͳԵ㶫ɡ
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Ŷˡֵͷּҷ򸾿Щ죬Щڡ

ԹҲͣˣҶ˷ܸũһҼӴлʰ˳ֵֿɫأסʵôˣǲĥǼҰ˵ؾģ죬ҾͻҵؾŪ㡣
ЦʲôѽؾѾˡ
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Ҷ˷ЦϺ֣ܾһԣѧҲͺˡ
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Ҷ˷翴еǣεЦЦ˵Ƣãǰ˺£ҲΪԼ⣬ֻҶȫûлģǶ˻Ƕ˺ãԶΪûаʲôĻɷġ

Щ˼ΪƣֻһᣬǶö㻵ű˼ˣҶ˷絹ˣûʲôĻϲ񶼰ϣܿ͸ϲһ˾һһһҲ棬ڰʹӣһ뵽ǰĶӣ޵ҧ
Ҷ˷Ѹ첲ȥЦǲҧһڣɡ
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˿Ժй䣬ɽˮ⣬һƷζСԣޱ⣬ֵǿԽĺɽɫҲ£Ҷ˷绹²ض˵ÿؽǩ
ҲǩҶ˷ʵʲô
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Ҷ˷΢΢һЦԸʩչŻԶҸ𣿡
Ŷˣؿ֪ŻǲšԭΪĺñػ벻ԼĺǲرģѵϣĻвرĺ 

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36

36Ű ... 
 
 
ܿ쵽˷ŰӣҶ˷´ȺŰ񣬿ǼȥҶ˷ֲֻһȥͷӵһȥ
ǰ󿴹ȥǰʮҶ˷֣Ҷ˷΢Цȥβȴûпֵ֣ͷβһ飬Ȼûҵֵ֣Ҷ˷һתͷһѾûӰ
ȥˡҪˡҶ˷ټҶĴȥѰҼ֡
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Ҷ˷ֻ̱΢΢һЦûлؾ䣬ҲԶ֪Ե֪ҲãԺȢӣƽƽعӣҸ֮Ҳż·ˡ
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ִ˴һ˵˼ޣҵʲôˣֻķߣΪ벻
˵ƾҵĽˣǸ㵱˿ЩҹȻûϣ˰ɣΪʲôôȲҵЦʹӣһ͵Цǰɣϧ̴ˣҲôûãǸӣҶûһᣬ»ʲôѹ
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ҴüһһУҲû취ҶѾʮˣûк˼ףҼľҸżҡ
ҿй˹˳ϢͿԸѰó·ˡ
Ҷ˷ҲĬȻһ󣬲˵ԭģΪ㿼Ϲ˼ҵΨһ;𣿡
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˼Խ˵Խ˵ɫʮң֪ҵȴôԵĸףܳǧѧжռͷ
Ҷ˷ⷬǳˮʾԺһúѧϰһԵļˣȴҡҡ׹εҶ˷֣򲮸˳

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Ҷ˷˸̨ףȰı²ӣ˲Ÿ߰˶ˣ۽缫ߣԴϸЩҲ˵ȱǡ
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ڿˣӥôôֻ԰Ȼʣȴ᳤Ͷȸ˱ܲҲ̫ɵˡ

Ҷ˷ЦСʱҵʦ̸һʫգﲻţţܸأɺӲ᳤ۡȡ̣ǸΪıĹã
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ʵʵ˵㲢ƳѧʣѧֻѼԶ٣֪һʳģ֪ʦû̹ĶܴͨΪʹʹζ뵽ˮڽƹ֭ˡңͷԳ·ݵϺһ㲻
ⷽĲԶԶˣֻ֪ζ¥ûоȫѵĳգ
ԺӺܳӦѡʲô·ʩչŻҪúÿǡ

еʧ˵˵Ҫҵ𣿵ʲôϢأ˼ҵܸĸѰó·𣿡
Ҷ˷Ȱ˭˵ûϢһϵǸͥ˪ֻһֵصũ򣬿ԼҲԱŬܶһͨũһɹڳҰ¶ܵƽ֮ս´󹦣˱޽еĻʵ׷һƷũ
ģҲֻҪԷƱֻҪǰٻԣҲԳɹģҪҪԼ
ᣬ૵˵лл㣬лл㡭 

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֤HEмֻСŰһ




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ǳʦõһλϲȾƣһ˯è۾ֻվ̨ǰŴȫעǶԴһƷϡ
ϲʳרעӣвʳͼֶЧ
ŶȿǰˣŲˮ˵ôΪͽ
ָϽͷǰǰҺʦ֣һ׬ǮܽʵءʱǾˡ
˵ţգֺõؿ
һףʦûӦ㵱ͽܡˡ
һԵҶ˷˵ַǷʦΪͽһġҲؽл
Ʋ죺ǮһΣҲϡֵҼö࣬ҲǼ̳ҵ²ǽ̻ͽûʦ
ҲŲأʦɷġ׼䷢ġ
ͷǳ˵ʦ˵ʲôҲûá
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˵һһ߳ŭ˵˲ͽܣϹ

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ֻóȥţð죬Ҷ˷ųӣǴŽЦ⡣
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ģָ˵۾
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˭˵ˣƫҪ㿴ҧгȭ

Ӵˣֿʼ˼ѵ
һڴʢɰӺʯӣóصĳһ鷭ֵͷһ컹ǿŵסڶᱳʹͷ裬ʵڳŲȥԱ߼ӵҶ˷еһСһСŰ״յı÷һĭ
ɶļһܿͿģúӡ
Ҷ˷һ÷Ϳŵһ죬˵úѽ
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ˣĹ泴һ˵ĺżûԵ꣬ҶõĲܵˣĺӴɹˣֲܸ檣鷳
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Ҷ˷һҪֱסӲס䵭ӣ˵ҪԵݣɲɲҪҡ
ҶãܽҶ顣ֱסֲ䡣
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ת˵ҿ鿼𣿡
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Щţǲɢң˵ΪȢ޹ӣǵҲûףҲûýţԼ¶û䣬ҽܺù𣿡
ãҲܸ㡣ԼûҪΪҺʺҶ˷˼ĺôܸͻݡ
ðɣȥơֲӦȥס
سߵƶȥɡ
УǵطôҪȥҲ˵ĸšˣҰ
Ҷ˷ЦЦĲˣ㡣صƶֻһխĽֻ֣Ҫ־ͿԿˣμϼڲͬ˵һ֪
׼ô棬Űɣ˸ȥƣϷݰªʵ˻סҲ󣬵ʲôӻһ۾ܴڶϳأ
߱߿ֻ־ͷһԺڲͬԺſڷǳɾС¥ڷ˼ҰʢһҰܴűƶС¥Եø룬ֹϵ
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˲䣬׵ˡ

ˮɽׯ԰ͤѳüԺȾơ
׾ɥط¾Ʊҿ;һֱڵȵˣ̸˼䣬ԽܿɰҲʵǸĸһ˵ĸ׼ͬ⣬˵ҲǸţôȢһʲôǵŮΪޡ
˵һݵλҪҪ
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СȻһᶨͤȻһһ⣬ֻһֻȢΪޡ
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߼ƻٰ޼Ҳֻò⣬ֻǼЩ
ҪʵԼĿ꣬ȻҪˡҲһҶ˷ӴҪû͵
ֻüӺڹ̨ǰϰҶ˷Ⱥű÷Ա߿
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ᡣֻŲ˹Ҷ˷ΪҪ쭣Ͻ㿪ȴûǳ˭ôģҳ۵ðô
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ţʲôãǲмһˡ
˭˵֣ȥ³òʦƷ⣬ʶʶĹ򡣡
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ׯ˵ʦ⣬Ҫһĵˣؼ 

лҪ˵ˮûкۼ
ƮķҲټ




38

38 ... 
 
 
Ҷׯ˵Ҫֺôʦ֪ɫſˮԡ
Ҷ˷翴Ϳ꣬бۿ˻û¹أӶúˡ
ܺ˵ȻǰúͿԾܵĶһ
֪ԣȥˮҶ˷һš

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һţ˵ʦ˵Ķԡ

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ƾƣװ׾ƣŨ㴼־ƷֱԪơӷơơѩơ
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Ҷ˷翴۵ͷ󺹣ûж̱˵һֵ߽в˿ģ˵ͥ˪ģܲʲôֺֿʡǸ
ĨѺ˵ʦ˵ˣֲ˿Բϸȵ˿ʧˮֱгʧĸ࣬ڸвõеģ˵Ҫĺóӣ׼ϿʼҪг⣬ʡ¡
Ҷ˷ʼ粻ΪȻ㻹Ļ
ʦĻѵġְһۣвˣܿ죬ܰܲ˿еֺֿãһϸ־ȡ

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ڼܳԿ࣬ϹҲЩʦ̵ģӵƬɱƬòг˿ƾϵĸоһһϸг˿
ϰи˿һŶʮƬϣȻг߰ϸ˿Ѷȸ
ȼֺòϰи˿ҪޱȴּõĶ

ܲסˣְһô۵Ķг˿ҲˣҪŪԲΣⲻ𣿡
Ҷ˷Աųųʳһ˵ۡӡгɾȵ˿Ϊ˺ÿΪ˸õζѶŪԲγζÿҸ⾳ͥ˪˵Ǹк߹ĳԹһζʮҹǻѶŪԲģѵŪɷģ
˵ѲúÿΪʳߵʳҪѲĺÿǾԲŶ
Ҫˡ
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۾һһеسŹӣֱֻʣһš
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ֵˢĺˣһָ֪۸ңϿȥҪϰ
ҵĶԣ۸㡣Ҷ˷Сţ촽ĸоڴݼþòɢ 

лҪ˵ˮû״ƮķҲټ

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39

39 ... 
 
 
ֺòжֽƬѰ۵ƬɱһƬ̵׵໨ɼƬҲҪгɱƬչһգֱ͸һֽһ
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˵쿪ʼǸʱ϶֪¥ô𣿾ΪȥҵʦɼǶôҪҪ͵Ͽ
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Ҷ˷һ߳һޣ֥齴ˣˣе̫ˣˡ
һ죬˵Ҿúܺߡ
˳㻹ʲôѽҶ˷ÿҪëܴʹʦ
ⲻǰҽ̴ңñ˺áַŭӶס
Ҷ˷ӹ˼Ƭ⣬˵ԼƬеòͲ죬̵þûζڼϵıƣÿݸ˿ζ䡣
ֻس⣬ϸгɱƬв˼µͶˣҪʱĥһ͹ЩԻԻֻðҵõĿ¹ܲײ˶һˡ

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ѡϣأڣҪ
Ŷ̫ˡֻӴͳֽʡúǺϸĺóˡ
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ˮơ֪֡ļְɣ
ˮоˮȪˮˮؽˮȵȣȲͬʹãһɽȪˮáмֻ֡ش

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ǰ˵ţдһӮŴ
ΪͷŨԭǽϣһ󰾵ֻһƽ˼ûǸǡͷצЩϲ̨½ŻȻҪĴˣ벻ϧ·£ŹǡȫȡǡɱЩϵϣҪƲȥ壬ңһˮſá
ϸ¼˵ǰڼʱΪʹúóԾѧŵǼûǮüͷצȫûȣϺƤ𹳡һһҹʱ䣬ԭгһЩղˣȻҲӮ˼óԵҳ
Ϻõԭϰһܰ׵ǰײˣҲټζ
˵˵ûײˣϺɵģʹͨİײҲɼζ
һˮ¹;ټˮǼΣнƵҪˡĻʹʷжڵ״̬Ʋϵĸĭͣ˻ǲ塣õҪϴûһ㲼ζɴˣ˵ңʹȪءһЩϣҪԼᡣ

ʦţּע׳ҪֵͣƲȥͻҪע𣬲ϨˣҲ̫
ټĳ˺Ĺ벻»Ƿˡ

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ءŶеҲǹģֻ֪öʱ԰һոɣСİѹձˣôŵĻҲ֪
Ҷ˷粻ͣҵĳҵĹӣܹһǧӣҪ⡣
ֵһǧǰƤѪǷծԽǷԽˡôѽ
Ҷ˷֪ʲôһЦ˵¸µף׼￪¥ǮҸһɺ죬ͿǷҵǮˡ
ֺܲŵͷһЩҳˣҪϴϯĲˣֻûա

ҲܣúѧϰվˣҶ˷׶״ǮҾͰԺȥ
ŵ÷
Ҷ˷ЦܵܵȥͱԺûҪǲúøɻϿ컹ҵǮҲԺȥ
꣬Ҷ˷ﳤȥ
ֿŹܵģ뵽ֵܵҲݲȥ̲סʵүܵԺʲôѽ
Ҳĸ˵ϴǶඣҪүˣСҲϵԺϴǶ˵Ҫϴӡ
뵽ڼԺϴǶŵӣϽ¿һŬѧϰա

ҹʱ֣СƮɢ˲ѵֶ¯ǰȻһƲŸĭҲ˲ϲȥͷϵĺ
Ҷ˷米ſڿɻ˵ô鷳𣿡
ĨѺҲ̧ͷ˵ζĺûȫһ֪ζ¥ʦ˵еĴ¥˿ӯ¡ͥ䣬Ҳһǧɣ˵ǶؽҴ뿪˸ҵĲˮƽͲˣҲȥ
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Ҷ˷˵ŴӱóһѣżϺõŹǺͺ轣˱ǡ

ζⶫҲ˵ֻûɻؽӹȡ׳һֳϸƷζһ£˵ڰ⡢ѼЩϣͬʱʱζþͻ֣ЧɱӡζζȽϵȱθкͻζУȱӦеķḻζ
Ҷ˷ˣҲϸƷֱһ£ͷ˵˵еζⶫƽʳԣҪʳǵʵʵĵ
ָˣ˵ǣҺûζʦͷһܳζʱҪҲģ͵ҪءʱͲˡ
ϵεľ¥ԱγˣЩԭϣģŵѧ˵ͽᣬּڳﰾ

һôʡµķӣһˣƫƫ㲻ģҪϸȻѡ鷳ַǮƹӵķӡҶ˷ԹĿ
ҪʳãȻ鷳ͼʡ£Ҳһֳ⡣
ðɣʳôг⣬ҽһ
ֺؿһ컹ݺݵģֺͰʲôˡ

ֻҶ˷ӴͳһԭһϸɵľߣһֻϸʣһССīˮƿͭƣСϣЯ㡣
ҿñʼǶǱʴЩд̫Сϼǲ˶٣Ų㣬ԸһľߣԺʦʲôԼ뵽ʲôͿʱ
ֽ˶жһۣû뵽һͶ񶾣ĵͦϸȻôëʼǶĲ㣬һʺõĶ
һ֮£һǸӢˣֻɫ԰ЩЩûԺá̲סЩֻϰҲûΪʳûԺãȻˡ

ּ춼ڳæҶ˷翴ˣɫĿĻȲ϶ȫص˿㹽Ѭɣ׼˿һһ̳̯ļƤгڳ״ඹ׺УܱõƤгɼΧһԲڳտӣǳƯ
Ҷ˷籾ûθڣôƯտҲʳӳ
һȲ϶˵϶ŴͻȵͿãζ϶ΪһζģҴСԵġ
Ҷ˷ȴ˵в϶Ҳ㶹ظˡ
Ŷֲ˼ץץͷˡ㳢˿´Ĳˡ
Ҷ˷һ곢ˣ̾˿ʳźߣʿζӯݣʲô
ֵЦԲ˰ɣƤ˿һƤƬɱֽ㣬˿ըɣˮըζɣ
û𣿡
ⲻ𣿡ְ׼еüε磬ټëڶƶ죬͹һ𳴣ɫζȫ
Ҷ˷̣ôѼѽѼӲԼ
ְѼԺԽԽ䣬ǳ²ļȽϺãҪôëԡ
Ҷ˷СĿֱ顣
ֻգеؿԣԵ㣬ԼԻҪˡ
Ҷ˷ܵڴĿ⣬ůʹǰ覴õĲȳԵζ 

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ȿɫζ˸׷ֱҨϸƷֲڴɫ
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ŨҲĲôŪģ
ԺְѼ÷ﰾŵŨִʤϲãҪ󣬡ʦԽ˰ɣ
㼱ʲô˵ҲǺҪģҪ򡣡
ǿʦϹĻˣȰ޳ʮֵϣǿҪϵĻյ÷ֺ򣬲ˣӲЬף潹滹죬ҪĳкҵĿڸáԣһѧͽǲֵģӦ˵ǰʮϵĴ

˼г⣬浶ǹĲ˺ЩΪ˱ۿڣùҪõְʮصŹĶ֭Һմٵ߼תһ֭ˮý֮ʣǼӣûм깦ǲУֲʦҪÿ췭ɰһǧ飬Ҫ
ڵʵ飬ڿԵֵ߹ޱۿڸмáΪҶ˷вܳԶ࣬ԱѡΪԳСľǹܡǳʲô㣬ֻҪ˾УҲ˵ʲôûüֻҶ˷Ķ
һĸʲôȥˣץҲҵˡ

Ҷ˷һӷƻصڴֱֲ˵
ѧĲʽ쳢԰Ѳ˶˸ʢϺ쵾ࡣȻһЦпԡ
ӣҶ˷Ը̫̫һʵѹ
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ô֪ȥˣҶ˷֣ѵһǧۣ
ΪһɺݴζҶе裬ıݴڻƻʱַںɻڹһҹҹ¶͸峿ɻʱջ֮ϸһֺɻ㡣ֵؿȣȻԼĹ۲ʣôѲȵأ
˵ָָϵĲգҶ˷羪Ҳֻðҵ˵ˡ

߻ƷԸӮȫµĺøУϷҲͦϲǶȢΪ޵¾ǲɿڣ˵ҪϲΪҲûʲôȢΪ޲УۼʲôŻܺ˼ҽףʱҲÿ
ˣѵ˻ֻ˿źÿ
ĸֵòɿ̫̫֮°ѲףǰţҲˮš̫̫ŭδ׳ţҲŷü볹ײ˼ﵽɢĿġ

ʱתƣҶ˷̽ʣ檡
СնܾСźŮ˲˵ĺҲܽ׼ҲһҲ˵ܰͷϡһҪһһ⣬겻ôԺ˷ˡ
Ҷ˷̾⻰˵ĺͶ˵һģһ󣬹Ȼһӡ
˽ףٻϣ˵ȢΪޣΪ檡ĸǺܲТΪôΪԼȥ˺˵أ
׿Т壬ķȢ

Щڣ֪ѣͲӦôӵ⣬ڽʵ˷ա
Ҷ˷翴ǳֹ㲻ҪǮܳüױԸѰó·
ǿЦЦ̰ڵĿաڿʱ޳һ̴裬޳ѼĹͷҲƻ״һֽ˿ֽŲãԼȻѧҲ⡣

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ܣɵĺ䣬ڶϽõľǰ衢๫ñҪǲλƷʣβᣬõǱѡʱѡʺ񣬳˿ġ
˵ͲλɳƬдСǼᣬˮṲԡӹĽԭᣬҲëᣬƯϴˮͬԭַΪˮ͵ˮᡣӹĽᣬҲн𻨳ᣬɫ΢ƣ͸͸״
СʺСѸֳ״ɫƺͱϸ¼

ߵϯǱرͷˣ߼ʦҲǱģ죬ԼҪΪ̫̫ף٣ҪϯҪʱҪϸš
һϺҪһʮ𣬼Ȼûϰֻܸ֣ô
ְѡƽãûȥצȥȥǣѼȥצᣬЩϺõԭڻȡ֭õᣬҪζպװϯ֮ǰһֳȻζ֮ǰδС

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Ҷ˷Цһ£ڼɶҲɣܶãһкöҪ
ߣ㻹ʲôδ£ûŮĵܵҲܸгϢĸϾ⡣㻹ɶɲĵģ
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ҵˡ
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ŲǡҶ˷缱űɱˣҺʲôϵҲûС
ǣûϵ֪˳Ļ˵ĵûϵ㻹ҪֲɾҵɵӲſ
Ҷ˷粻پ£ֱʣֱ˵һжʱ䣿
Ǻ꣬µһҪץʱ䡣֪ϿȻȡ
ܲܵҲǿֻҪܸԼһԼĳɾ;ˡѧûֶҴСûûҲʺѧһ֮ƾ㲻ܴ󸻴󣬳ɼҵҲ㹻ˡ
Ҷ˷ȻƽܵȻȻǣŲӻصңϾͿַɱӭӭϴڴϲá

ʦˣԺ󻹻ѣҿҪΪˡָ˵ĸ첲
Ҷ˷΢΢һѸ첲վ᲻ãֱ
ҪˣڲʺϿţҰѾ¥ŵӶʮߣҪץҶ˷絭˵һ䡣
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Ҷ˷֪ʲô˵㲻£ѾŪòˣңֻҪѲþˡôӪҪѧ
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־˵ⱲûôƱȥǧ
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Ҫ׬ǮԴ¥ǮҲ㣬ôҪֺأҿ¥ôջûȫء
ǰҶ˷ŹֵľٶΪģʵںٰ뷨ȥ˶¶ɫĺãݺݵĺãɫˮ޴Ӿܾ
ϣѲ²ġ

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ֵһۣسϰ᲻뿪ĥţ͵͵ִչȥϣָͷֱ
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ܾ˵ȥ˵Ҷ󻭼Ҫһ¹Ϊ¹¥ʡϻɣʮ߾Ҫء
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ǣҶ˷ΪȫʡȫĻôôĿסأ 

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Ҷ˷翴żֻһץһسǷƽȥ֪ͣЦһ֪˵͵ƵĺӣׯѧҲʵ࣬һ٣úһΰɡ
ֲٴγŻƽһۣԹԱȥơ
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Ҷ˷ż˳¥ֵֵĽŹȥߵĲʵյӳˣϷģģƤӰģȸεĶפۿ

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Ҷ˷΢΢һЦ˵߰ɡ
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ץҧȥֻҧһ£ֱҧһҲҿŮΪֹ
ӴҧҸҶ˷Ծ֡
㷽ųЩŮЦĺǷ飬ˡ֪֪ʥƷӷ𶯷񡭡۾Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôô󣬿ѧϰˣһﲻãôſ¥ôصĻƣҪˣá
ˣ㻰ࡣҶ˷ΪֱŤҲ֣ҲҲôҪǶˣȥԲ׼ҵóԡ
ԹԱųԶ

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ҶǸܹ㣬ȫͷ𣬾Ҳ˺񡣴ãӰЩĸˣһҾпҪһֻ¹
ʱ˵Ŀ;ۼǽǷ˫ɫ֯ƽϣƽȥ¶ᣬỺչһ¹ͼڴǰ
һƬӲɽɽһˮɽϰӻ̲һֻƯ÷¹ڰضڲݵϳԲݣֻС¹¹ߣֻ¹ɽţԣݵԼ¶¹ǣ¹β¹㣬֪Ƭɽв˶ֻ¹˭˵ûһֻֻֻ¹ȴֻ¹ⲻ֮Ͼռ䣬ƬɽĲһֻ¹
ãȻûȽǽһҡ
бҲ׷Ҷ˷΢Цԣ۽ĳһۡ
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ԶԶԶ˸ζɵԪһϽֿƣŮӵĿ⿴ؽܣ˿ʲôڣϰ߱עӡ
ҧгݣ޲ðһﾾؼٲ˿

㻹ɵһʲô黹ݺݵءҶ˷粻شкˣҸʱҪļԺҪúӦЩˡ
ЩֻϲˣӦˡֽŵק½ǡ
Ҷ˷ƳʳҲϲЩЩӵ¹ϵƳǺμΨһˣҪҵ
Ҷ˷ָҲһֱ㣬ٲϲҲҪѧЩһġ
ֱȥЩͷٻ£Դģû¼ֻǵһ䣺Ҳһֱ㡭
֪У쵰ķѾռ˲ĥλãѪеһ֣Ȼ˵һֱһ
ûûʲôģһƯĴŷ粨û

Ҷ˷ûзɫãһȦݻпˣȻ׼ϲˡ
һ˳־зգȫעصȣɫ档ֻҪЩ˵߲ΣͻǳһһЩʳƣһϲƷܳɾ͸С
ϯѾںĸɹʹ۽ΪӭŲĺݲ裬Ǳ߳Աıߵϲˡ
Ҷ˷ѾҶҵڳΪƣֻûʼϾ¥ѾȥˣʣµֻƾԼ汾ӮúǶźĵȴţſҶĳʦʲô£û湦ֻǿҶҵǴƴôǲӵġȻҪѳõҪǵġ

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ֻһˣͿԿĳʦղһ㣬ѾֵϽʮĴˡǷ׷С֮ģźĲ

ڶǽڣֽ˵쾵ϼζǻƳƤڣ֭ŨڼӵϺͳζá
ǺǳѨڵӰĶе󡣼ֽ˵Ԫ˾ʱʫ˵ʵСū𪵭Ϳա˵°𣚣ʫ˵һֻڵʱ;У⿣дˡ̫䣬ûԹģҳ
˳һڣ޵Ȼζ֮ѹն»ź㻹
˵飬ֻʶü֡ǫ鼸䣬ϲˡ

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лָ㡣һۣòӢ˵ϱ߿ûмǴĻҶ˷ǰͬʢ٣ǸʵصĺˡֶкøУúúύһ

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ڰ˵гˮܽأŨƯűļƬۻƽ죬Ϊ̼ˣǰϻóԿζľƷĲˣ԰ζ˷󣬿ɼ÷ǳܵϲ˳뵽ˡ

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סû뵽һ޳Ҳửʫʲôã
³òˣ
УҶ˷ɴܾȳȥһϾûˣøܹ߾Կġ
룬תȥ˰ѵ˿ľʹҲѧܲѣϹʲôģܿ죬һªĶɡ
һͷޣ۱ԼɼͷСкֻ̬ǸСѣʧʵԵͻأ
ǿǳ鴤һ״ƣľôɰɣǴѵء˵Ҫ߾Կţĺɰһɡ
˵ţӦͰǴѵĴͷ޹ϣһñŶ
Ҷ˷ŤԸϡ
ϣֲͣɵЦĵض뷹

ᣬֵѾǴ죬¥˿ӯţҶ˷ͬʢٹϲӺܲպٵһ棬һµĴ
Ҷ˷лؼҰĻϸ˼飬ЩǶԼ˵ȥǿ¥𣿡
Ҳֱ֣ǲԻĵطҵջȥء
Ҷ˷־Ķߺ𣺡㲻ҪôûģҪ˼ҵҪչĸãѵֻһسǣھһչ𣿡
䣬Сĵɫ˵ߣҾȥƴһƴ
Ҷ˷סؿβ˵˼ǣֻҪߣ𣿡
ǰǰԱ߶ҵңҾľֺõرסֱۿ
Ҷ˷һᣬͷ˵ֲСŮӣҪӺҪˡ
ҲҪˣӪҹܺһһڣ׼¹¥Ϊµһ¥
˵ϻϰѾ¥ӪЩѧˣºҪȫ㣬ˣҶ˵ȫϴˣǶҶ˷˦֡
ҲϰȵƢվЩȥ벻ͨѵԼаŮױƭĸ黳ģ

ҲǣƭƭƭǮҶ˷Ҳϣƭ飬κҲ̵ġҶ˷Ȼֻﻹнٵģǰøһ͸ߣѲ⡣
ÿ뵽ܺɬһԼǰҶ˷ǲ˸УҶ˷ֿԶܾ׽ȴշתѰ
ҲģƭǮƭĸ飬Լġְҹڴһ룬Ҷ˷綯ƺҲܹôӦù˭أ
ѵ֮ĸ˲ݣǱǸͥ˪ǲǺҸ

ֶԿ׼²׷жҶ˷ھ¥Բˣʳ΢ЦؿԼĶд֡
Ҷ˷ʶԾ㲻ҪǲңİѾ¥ŪáϻҸġ԰ʳоûУ
ֺ˵ɲŷ˼ԣÿȥҲܰ¡
Ҷ˷̾Ϣһˣ㻹ǹܺԼ˵Ϸ˾еܽþû¸³ʮϷҪƹպ緹˳㰲ŵطǼ棬ŪЩò˺ġ

һ裬ʶһᣬ̫̫ıºͷչǱ˵Ȣɶĥȭưµһ˵Ĵ׼Ҷ˷üȥæѧòˣԼõʳʱóʳ˸졣
˶˼ƻƷ²ΪϷ˵¹¥Էʱţʹд뿪ͿԼˡ
˵ɾ͸ɣҶ˷ȥ̫̫Է˵Сֶ¿ľ¥ĸһָ̣ǡ
̫̫ȴֻôѾȥˣͬеĻһԶݣзٲģҶ˷ҲͬѣΪʦٲִԷҶ˷ҲˣҲ˳ϯͺõ˼ȴϲⷬǳ¡

¹¥һνΧǽڲлͨżͨͨм׺żɽľʱ֣ۻƵӭŽޣӭϢ
Ҷ˷̫̫ӭõһż񷿣䷿ζǴʽ²ף̫̫ǳϲ
룬ϲˣǵ̫̫ʹˣζ嵭Щ潡ֿǵ̫̫ŵڣʳʿڣ⾿ֲϲݻԳС֮⣬ֻĵˣʳΪ
Ʒƻķһ
һθİٺϰױⶹ࣬Сˡ
һ˫ӱȹɫĲİڳһ֦ҶеĴĵ
ڶϹϺѣѩ׵ĴʢһֻϹϣҿϵ٣ʱŵһŨ㡣ȥȿ⣬з׺Գ껨ƣװϹ죬¾ƺ㣬Ϲϵ֮ȱкʵʣֳ˿ζ쳣֮ζǰδС
꺮ѣ÷ӣɣȥ򵥣֭ɡ
һˣ£µŽ֬źƬʮƵĶƮɫϣżƬۺĻ̫̫꣬һڣ֮ʣζ֮Ҳ˵ȴǶɣ۶Բ״ѾǼʦĵǶǶһڣֻ㡢㣬㡢㣬ζǧ໥ںϣͷ澭˻궼ɵ⡣
ⶹǶҰ⣿̫̫ʵ
ȻϷҳȻܳóǰѶúϺû͸ȻȥȣǶʮֽƹҰ⣬ζ

⼸ǲݻҲ壬ȴǾϸ£͸Ÿ߹󣬷ﴺġļ
̫̫ǸңͺܵҲ÷ǳ⣬˵Щ˿ȥֻϧˣζˣζ
˵ȥһζĲ˳
̫̫˼˽ֶţμ䣬Ǽؽ治ССӵеģɼҾˣǼҽ̻еġ

ȥˣ˼ţٲ͸ʢҲԷ̫̫˵һȥк
ֹһֶһζ²˻ص񷿣Կˣǿ଼Ժпଵĵģ
̫̫˳˵ζȴòԵζԴ𣬲
ֽ˵ζ˻ԶζУʲôûζζԴ̼ζֶԳθáÿଣд̼ζȴԵ
ϸ̫̫ܵЩжҶ˷Ҳ˵һʳ͵ĽΪ㣬Ĳаٷֵĳ⣬Ȼˡ
ٲӸкҲŰѼֿ佱һ١
˵ҴһģǵһТء
̫̫Ȥʲôǿଣơ
ȥáָϽ˳سÿଽ·ʱʢٿӲһƣҪΪѡ
ҲǸȥܺʵӣֺк˼䣬ƳۿǴһֻʴèЦչҵ⣬ȻôһԻ
˵İĶš
ֺһƣ˵ҵùȥкĿˣȹһģһҪԺð
æȥɡ

ִӳ଻ص񷿸̫̫̫̫СɫƳγΣһţһɺܿθζ
˵ԶùϽпଽԭӵġ
ֽ˵֪ΪǲԺһϣʵǶֵζϻһģζܷḻ˵õطȣʳ׻ϲʳζֿθҸױ֡
˺ϡʳҲ㲻С̫̫꣬ѿଽϣһСģӷǹ޿ଽƵĽһ̲
ûϵϲĨҲһ¡

̫̫Ҳûٳԣе㷦ˣ徲Ϣһȥƹ㡣Ҷ˷ͼ·״Ѿ̺̫̫һľЪ£ԸѾǺȻԼ͵ȥҼ˱ܿ˵һƧ˼֮顣
ȻֻسˣҶ˷ʣµĿ˷ٲȾƣŸ֮ʣǰСŻŹ˵ǰҳӣӡ
Ҷ˷ˣдûЩˣˡ
¥źżеƦå£̼һ㲻ֱӳͻ̫ҲʰǡҶ˷ٲԵԺסЩ߰ˡ
Ա㣬ȥȥҶ˷Ҵȥǰô飬ٲһ񷿼Ⱦơ

˲ˣ۶˺ˣ͵շշպһòͣǵڲãһζѩ׵Ƕڱ̵Ũͬſ貵飬˽סһ㡣
һջڵϱһ㣬ը㣬Ƥⷭţͷβ͸߸һֻ󣬽Ǵ֭ǳθʲôµϱҲúܿɿڡ
һ߰СѣָСըӣϸըòϲۣ޹ǲժ̣պγԣһһǳʺԼûĵСѣõıź
Ǳ꾴͵ˮܲݲˣдһζ˷࣬ٳˬڡ
ҵϱһкóԣͣؼȥ
̫̫Ҳ˵ۣ˵/eXlϱԴʲôûθڣ˵¿ľ¥ЩĲʽԴû뵽θ
Ůӣ˵Դһ̳ߣٷ˳Բ¶ֲҿȥˡ
һ˺ܸж˵̫̫ܵˡ
˵óʳ˳Եζֽʳ֮˵Ŀ꣬Ӧõġ

һľѺõĽ̸
ŵɫһ䣬æܹȥֻǴ񷿴ģҶ˷ſڵĵϣɫҰס
ôˣָϽǰһ˳ָķ򿴹ȥʱŵ඼ˡ
Ƿٲ泯ڵ£ؿڲһѵӣֶȥȻ޾ȡ

ܿٸ¹¥Էп˺ˣһŲ飬ɷϡ 

лҪ˵ɱɱѽ
£ֺСҶҪϸˣ
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ŵĲյˣǹ֣һص㲻Ȼڳ˽Ų顣
Ȳ鿴ֳ¹¥ԺӳʻΣΧǽڲǻͨͺǰãǿų˽ɱ˵ĿܣӦھ¥ò͵Ŀ˻Ĺˡ
Ϊ¥ʻΣͨʮżȫȣ˽żĿ˺׿ֵ˶˵ֻҶ˷뿪񷿣û˽ȥ
˲ԱŲ飬ʱгӺ۰ֶںɻû˳ȥ֤ͬǰżϲˣҲп֤һų˾¥˷Ŀܡ
ôɵڳԷĿϡ

ٽнһŲ飬ͱ˷ٲһԷ̫̫ȥϢɼѾźߣʱڳҶ˷ȥǰףܶ˶ºͨڲȻص񷿣ЩżĿ˶ˣûȥһſھͷߣ
żĿ˵ʱڷò֤ͣͬΨʢǶڷΪһò͵ȥˡ
ʲôȥˣ˲ص
Ծ¥бǼ̵÷⣬˵ǸŻȶԸ𡣡
ΪʲôСȥ򣿡
¥ܺãС˾ȥźˣ˵÷ֻ֪һ֣СĲ⡣
˲˵̲ʣϰ֤ȷ÷ˣֻǽĵһⱻһҹһˣֻȵڶû뿪
˲תԴڷʢ٣˵ûȥ֤ݣ

ʢ˵ȥ֮һֱڷΪȵˣ˼ɽǣӵĿ˿֤ġ
շĸڣڶԷǺҵһڣǺү˵ûûȥڸЬȥأҵĽҲڶ졣
ҵСҲ˵ѽҺﶼˡ
˲ֻ꣬һûʵ̫̫ͷٲһԷס
﷢׼ҴҸɫţ΢Ϣ˲쿴ֻɡ
빫ǺһԷţȥˣ
֧֧˵˲ɣʣͷٲͬͨѶΪΣ
ΪһЩЩ졣
ʲô£
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Աߵʢٲ죺ֲҪ³ʵǰǼ˵˰ɡ
Ҳ£ʲô˵ġ׻ǲἰ¡
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Ŷ˲Ȼؿף¸꣬ټʱɺޣûɱ𣿡
ǡͺʦʲôģҶүĸ¹¥Է˳ҲҪǺͽ˼ҶӵϣҺ˸ƣѡ
ǰǰһԵҶ˷缱æͷȰ͹ˣȷʵͺˣϷҲ֤ġ
ҲǼͺãʹԷɽģӶûҲδ֪˲Ȼɣף·֮ʱȥ
ɫЩȻ˵ҾЩۣԵԺ˯ˡ
ģһСʲôۡ˲ɣ֤
ԥһ£ûС
˲쿴˸ʲô϶֣ˣӷ״ʡ

ӣ̫̫ҪæסףʵȥСһʱ㲻ŷ빫ӺȾΪ뿪㵽ȥ˭һ˵ѽ
Т˳ȴĺ«ǲ˵һҧʱںԺСҡ
̫̫ôһ£ֻѺߡ
ȻһȺдһǸ껪ŵļˣüĿ㣬ˡ
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СŮպΣǺμҶǰ˵֤֤ûɱˡ
˶ȵؿ
˵
Ϸȥ֮һֱһںԺֱ󣬶ûгȥ¸Ŀ˵
˲򵥲ԼĶ䣬ϸϸһǸ磬ȥҲǶׯľȲôһӶһңŭǳ
˵һ˵Ļֱ֪߳ܡ
ߺȻ¸ҵ˵ʵ˲ҪӲڳ֤ô
˲ǹйŮĶһҸʲô
ϸ죬ˮӯӯҪ޳Գһ˲˵⻰ˣȻǹйŮһһܸʲô
˸Ӿȣ׷ۣ׺ͼ۹ҲĽгЦҲ𾪡еĻֱ˵ڣ޸ǳŶ
ǿ̱˵ǲҪ

׸жؿ촽£Ǻο࡭οΪһڣ
һ˫ֱֱŵ˲죬η˵*eXlСŮӲǲ֪ܣҲ֪Ůǲ֮ܲԩΪ˻ڣ˵ʵ飬ɣΪһ֮˽ɱ˷֮
СŮ֤βţ

Ȼײڳ֤˲ҲЩΪˣֻȥүǰӡ
ֱּҧ촽ڰֳͣתת
ʲô֣Ҷ˷翴صɱֳҲ͵͵
һ㡣ϸ۲죬ִйӹĺۼǽĨİ׻вļְڵľշ÷ϸϸһ飬֧°ͳ˼˵֪ʲôǱ뷿ɱˣô첻ڳ֤أ
Ҷ˷ҲϸϸزŹһز鿴ҪϸЩط˵طʲô𣿡
ϸ˼һ˵Ҫ˵һԷʱһֻèôһ˫Ь
۾ֻèץϸ죬־βš

Ҷ˷Ҳ֧°ͳ˼ԷֻèǹʲôģҲ̫
Ƕһ˫Ье㲻Ծšü˺þãİѾշڵԷĺҵǸСӽ
ԣһ⣬ʵ˵ҸǺ«ԡ
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Էھշʲô춯
ţԷȾƣȻ󿴼һȥˡ
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ʣһڷЬͣ߶н
šϸ룬ʣûпǸȥȥ𣿡
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Ь·𣿡۾
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Ҷ˷ЩʲôûУ
˵Ѿ֪˭ˣû֤ݡ

ֻص񷿣ٴμֳϸߵȫϣϲһЩߡ
׼ʬϺС̧ߡ
˿ɷʬʲôԾ
˵һûʲô״ָֻմһЩ֪ʲôĶ
ָϽֹȥ鿴ָմĶϸظı顣 

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ڼֺҶ˷쿴ֳʱѾϵһ龭ɻϣһΪɱ˶ǰвܷųֻпܡĲڳֻ֤һõŮ֤ŮȻ˽õ֤ݡ
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Ӱ̫̫ҪιȥһڼõʲôģûԹ࣬ʱ
ҪѺߣֻһе֪˭

˵۹ۼϣΧ۵Ϊÿһ죬ִȺֱ˵֪˭˷ӣ޹ġ
Ŷ˵˭Ͻʵ
ָָȥ־
˳ָͷȥָһˡʢ١
ʢƤͣŭѪˣ˭ҽȥɱˡ
г˵񷿺;շڣӷŽ룬żĿ˻ῴ㲻ǴŽģǴӴȥġ
˵˶÷⣬ȻҶ˷ȥʱȥ⣬֪ӺױڲԳɹ֧ʹȥȻӾշĴȥùӹסڴǽ˹ȥڽٲɱִӴ񷿴ϼӡӾ֤ݡЩ¥µֻҲָʹģΪǰҶٵ

ʢɫת࣬ŭ²⣬շڵڷûȥһҿ֤ġ
Цܵаְ첻ڳ֤
Цշڻеڶ𣿡
ҶүֽһҶ˷ʢٴķè
İ֡
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ӣΪʲôһ˫Ь
࣬Ҵ˫Ьðʲôˣ
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ְ˫ЬڷèֻצϣèβĨ˵㽴èϵϽ塣èŵζͣشתת׷Լβ򣬲µĽ巢èצ˫Ь
ֽһңʣʱڸļ́ŵĽŲǲ֣
ҵһ£СȽŶһôᣬô·Ьͷ

ʢɫ࣬˵ⶼƲ⣬Ҵ˫õЬִֻèҪϼֻҽ¹¥֮ûн񷿰벽˵ҵɱ֣Ҫ֤ݳ
۾ż֣ղǷֿûд⣬ʵȫƲ֮֤ݣҲЩͰʢٶΪ֣׵ɻûϴ塣
̫̫ץסһץס֣֤ݵǲǣó
˷ġתʢ٣۹ʢ٣ָĽţ֤ݾϡ
˵ʢŭŻӶȭͷҶ˷ǰͼ֮䡣

г˵˫õЬ½ϴЬӸèϣȻȥڷɱ˷ٲǣ֤ݾմϡ
ʢɫ࣬˲ǰ鷳ӰЬ
Ų²ǰЬӰֻİһĨɫۼǲȵʲô
ʲô֤ݣס
ָͣشˣС¹¥´һʽ଼ʵڣûóźˣ˵еζԽҵһζ˳଼ϯѴһ޿ଽ˿СĴ򷭵ϣڵҲһ㡣
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ʢٶͷð亹
ǰ飬ţˣָϣڵϱȹɫۼʢմɫۼֺرζӦͬһֶ
ʢҲŲȥһڵء

һԵȵصɴ۾ʵͷٲҲͬ꣬Ϊʲôɱ
ʢĵᣬ˵Ǳܿеģû뵽ȴɽҲ֪ǷٲʹǮҡ˰󻹵˵ҪʵÿʱվģʱǿҲ
ʵܲˣҼҾͿҿҫ˼ҵҿϣ̲ҡ
ִôҲܲк˵οҪҫ˼ҵҲֻ߿·ɣִ̫ڹԹص¡ڻ֪ʡ񲻱

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˾Ұϣץżֹǰ˵ĸףκϴˢɣƽ£ȫ֤ͼ־ססֻǡȴǻˣΪ˾ңҲܸԣһҪȢΪޣĸ׳ȫ
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ĸײʣֻúͼԶ硣
ΪŮˣҪˣǰɣĨᡣ
Ͻ˵̫̫ҪᣬĸТԲŻ֮
̫̫˵|eXlҷǽϣǾҵŵ̫󣬲㣬ʵ෴ﻹϲġ͸ɡ
˵ţ˰ϴһֻڼϣԥҪҪѾϲ⣺ллĸ׳ȫ
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ҼҴֻϱģֵÿ
̾˿µһôأΪ˾㣬ǰ֤㲻ȢԺҲûˣҲֻˡ

ָ˵ؼҪϣֵüۣץżҡϸϺõϿӲ֣ˮͷ㣬̵һˮֻҵϱʸı
ֱϣֻͻȻٵĿУԺתȦȦֻԲǽǵĹβͲݶȶˡ
Ҷ˷Ȱϴ˯˵ưֵģȶӣҪ׼ˣ㻹þ񡣡
뵽һϾ⣬Ҫɻ飬ױô죿
Ǹ˼ңҲǸŴ󻧣޹ȥױ̫ᣬԺҲãЦġ
ǰмҵգҲղŵڵļױ
ֳڴϹȥȥҲûãڶ춥ֻȦһش硣

Ҷ˷һ緹һŷ⡣ִһװǧƱɻؿˡ
ǸõļױҶ˷絭˵һ䣬ӳԷ
ּòҪεתһ룬ʥн̣ӲȡǷ֮ƣôǮ
֪ʲôҶ˷˵ǽģԺ󻹵ʱҪϢġ
ߵĻǮǰܹؿǡ塱Сھ޲ƺʲôζǮּǮҲ˲ùʲôģȰƱ¡
Ҷ˷ֱۻ˵ôлأҪʲôԡ
Ҷ˷ЦһҪҲԣ
һ㶣ȴûеգһ˿ģľϲڴС˵ȻҪʲôԣҲඡ
ȡҶ˷һ㱻Ǻţܵ΢ĲȻҲ˼һʱٸнĳȡ
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һһС˰죬һųΥĸԸ˳ףĸײˣҼҶ˷ˬظַ˼٣һ⳵ؼҡ
Ҹ˵ûֳûҪǸ磬С÷򡣡
һû뵽ʱֻôӦˡ
صʹһòˣһ˺ڡһ˽־ԼٲҪʲôˣҶ˷Ĳܺãı

󣬽׵ӵˣŵƽʣԺϲˮϯϰȫذͷ𡣰ݣֱϯϳԾƵģ¶Ϊɱ¹¥ȥҲ³һˣʮȫʮ
ö㹽ѿȡ㡢ɡϡΡˮʮʳȫгɾȵϸ˿Ը죬ٽһƵĶҽϾƶɣɫʮֿζϴ䣬ɫʺͿζﵽ˺һĺгءȶп˶ͣ¿꣬Ļ˵ˡ
ϯϵȫҲǼõõĵãʱóۿãϯõĺҲǰ찾õģ˺ĲȻζǳԵ⣬һʲ֪¹¥գԭΪɱ»ӡ¹¥ϲ磬ָֻǰ

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ǰֻǮƲܸҸһŲȡʵ㿴˵ҸҸǮǮٹϵġ
룬Ц˵ǣǰͦƲСеģ䲻ϼһıڿһôҸҲҸǮƴġ
׺ܺáҶ˷ͷҪҸһ壬оమһ÷ⲻǲУȥƲڼҶؿշ˹˵֮ء
˵ĺãֹĵʣôû̫ҽ
Ҷ˷粻ֶ֣أǸϽȥֹˡ

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Ҷ˷Ӧţ˧
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Ҷ̫̫˵ͷͷǵҲ޻ɲֻ˵봺Ҳû೤ʱˣץʱɣֻôӦңвУǽȥס
Ҷ˷粻üֻôӦš

ҶүҪμӻԵϢҶ£ֹ˲ôͻȻҪˣȥҽ鷭ʳףоóʳ塣
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ŶϿҽ鷭ʳף컹Ҫľ¥ݣƷǵƲЩǰȡҪʲʳæģŶ

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ס֣Ħǰʲô룬ֻܺһ𣬳ԶԶΪʳ
Ҷ˷Цһ£쳤ؾõĶˡԼҵгɲʵġ㵱Ϳ̺ϣ˻ϻģҲԵõʹͣԹҫˡ
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Ҷ˷ر̰ϵϢջǺƿˣҿˣҪͬѣоеҪóúõİܲܵ컯ɡ

Ҷ̫̫ڷǳҶ˷粻ȥףȴæЩ׺ﳢ˺Ⱦƣʲôѽô˻˲ġ
Ҷ̫̫ж̫̫磬ЩС棬ÿʱҶ˷ҪŰݷʦͬ꣬æġ
ĶСӡҶ̫̫ӣԼලҶ˷磬ڼҵϼ̫̫С
Ҷ˷Ƶذϵ壬Ҷ̫̫òãһʲôӡ
Ҷ˷û˵ڣڵʲô⣬һһ˻ʲô˼ףο຦˼ҵĹǣ¾˵һ֪ˣλĸһһ赹ǿ϶ġ

ϼ̫̫СҶ̫̫ȥ԰棬һϷԶ˲ˣûĴСüۣСֹţҶ˷ܰ䡣
ֿˣ֮ػص˶û˼ˣܾ˵ڣ޴ӷй
ڳſʲôҶ˷˹ڰ˺һЩѹӣ̲ס
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̧ͷӢȲˣɰ˶ϰɡʿĭɬ˵ڿˣҲúײǡ
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Ҷ˷翴ԶȥıӰЦһ¡

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Ҷ˷翴۶֮⣬ЦʼңڲҲƾԼ汾С𣿡
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ô࣬ӣ˵Ϊ˲ôҲš

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Ҷ˷ֵ̬ҵĵɣһĺܿ֡һ·б棬ûõɽƽ

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͢ÿ겦ĺӹߴ֮ޣǣʹˣƺȻʱʱ̷ģˮʱʯ̰Ӿֽһ㣬һ¶Ҳ
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Ҷ˷ζЦЦȥԷɡ
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Ҷ˷ûʣ˷ѵʵĴ棬ʲô÷羰
Ͻƽǵʤżϳǵķ£ǵĴȣƹۣǵСɽǻľʢʱڡ
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Ҷ˷ͼֶһۣԼͬ⡣
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ִӴͳͷ·ߵСӣ˲ʱ֪ðһＢĺΧסǡֻ÷еĿڴʾҲûܳԵĶˡ
Ҷ˷һݳͷĺӣǺܾûԱˣҴأ
Ӱͷҭȥ˵ˮˡ
ס˶񣿡
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ãȻҡͷԱһ꺺ӷߺ޵˵͢Ǯũѹ֪Ķġ
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ĺһڣ¸ǱϵطҲǸʲôֱ𡣡
ЩҶ˷ҲˣƽԱûֿЩϵǲǽƽǱ濴ȥ㷱˭뵽ĵطЩܿأ
ǸҵֱԹ˶ٸµ̽ʰˣ˶֪ٸУȴû˸˵ǣһôѼ֤أ
Ҷ˷תһȦЩ˶ˣҲʲֻúͼֻص齵Ŀ͵ꡣ

￴ǻϽԸ׼ˣסҼҴүЩȥԸȥ׼嵭ζĲˣһ۹ϳзƣһһ˿һϺһ׽ȡ
ſڽ࣬˵ĪΪѣ⼸ôó
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˵ûУ⼸ζ˲۹Ϻзһһܷһ𣬶Һһһ࣬Ӳһ鲻Эܺóô˿Ȿ飬ôг˿Ϻĳˣοãûճԣôɽأ
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ﲻˣ⼸˭յó˲ҪΪСꡣ
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ӦˣҶ˷ǰһߺŲһߵźóԵģβסЦ⡣

һְķ˶ʳͶ˱ӣ۾š
Ҷ˷һˣ۹ʴ࣬зˬζȴûղĸ۵˵ĺȵĲܷһ鰡
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СЦ˼ЩǿԼģСġ
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Ҷ˷ˬذƹȥƷ⣬ʳͼһ꿾ϺϺ⼫ʣŻŨ㣬˳˻ԡʳЩɻ󣺡Ϻǻſģ
˵ûϺϴ³ɳӣٽһ׳û֮ȻˢϵϣϿʱϺǻģǲ
Ȼ򣺡ԭô򵥰
ǫ˵Щ˵Ҳϡ档ǺҺһ𳴺öߵȷС˵䣬ҪкãõĽٺͺһüСĻֵͣĳֱдкԽϾͳˣǺͺһԡ
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Сǳո߳
ﳹ׷ʳͲͣĳԣϰҲˣֽǳ

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ϰȴ˵Сһɣɴǵˣܶʳ޽ĳղܵġ
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ϰ˵С֪ܶʳ俼Сסһλˣ˵һȥӵŰ£˶ٱ㷹һ붹ԣĲһһ̾»Ƴ˿һ̳һ۲˽ȡ
ֲΪȻҲûɶ˲Ҳ

ϰ֣Բô򵥡ǶʵģһʮβϺ㣬»˿ʮֻ⳴ģζ֮ݡȻϡǵʱʱ֣ɲƽ˳Եġȫ⣬Сȫˬ
룬ƽһͨͷܶ˳Էν֪ź

˶̾ѣһλҲӱϣǰЩӣܶĵʮҹգȫͷǾϯ֮Ҳ˵ˣѶѰв֥£ĺü֡
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Ҷ˷Ͻסɫ˵һ檹վţܶܶϧ
Ҳҽƣֻ˵һõİײȻѳɽյҲѳɽһ㲻Կ

Ѹٵѹ˷ŭЦʣôܶϲʲôأȥͽ˵ܸҸò¡
ҶЦˣϰ˵ϲԵ¿⣬ɲŶ
¿ѡ겻¿ԣһſնǳؽŻ¯Ŀ׼Ÿɫϵ±¿Ա𿾵ÿڸֻƴ±͸ëѾ±֭ҲɢԹƤƬƬ£¿ԻڲҺѡ
ôﷴʡ
ֻžʹ£ŶץסҶ˷ĸ첲
ͷǱ߳ԱȫصʳҲһЩ͵£ҲкӵܶŲƽʳ֮˵ÿʳθҪڼ¹׷۷ܱ־ӦԺϲԻ˶ƣȡΡ
иģֱҡͷ˵#eXl˲ʳӲΪҲ
ܽˣʳҲо֮𰡣ѹֿ׷˵Զʳⲻ
벻˾Ȼ˿ԣֱûԡ

극ְѵСеƧ⡣Ҷ˷һյ鱨Ѿƽĺӵ̰ܶī˴˽⣬ԣӵ̰īκӹ̿ҰʧΪλǿнƶǨǳıһ̫ƽ󣬶ղ򣬲ͨ˰ɱֻ֮죬вϴ
ǣûʵ֤ݣƾյһЩϺѰ⵹ĺӵܶţһЩ˵ķҲǼġ
ҹҶ˷ûϢŵƿ˼ҲûϢ֪ʲôҲԱ뷨ӡ
ȰѲܵ·ųʣµľԿеķӡ⣺Щ˶ˣָ֤ӵŵ̰īǸңָܶûнֻ˵ӵݳޣûʵ֤ȥܶѰ֤ݣ˵ҵ˲Ҫʲôġ
ôȥѵӣҶ˷类һ
ǰļ磬ڣʦүʲôҶУֻܵӲܻȥ

У̫ΣˡҶ˷ҲľܾûЩ̸ۺӵܶʳ¿ԣƣп֮ţʳ֮Թˣɼ˺̡ܱ̬ܲ˵Ųƽ˺ʳһɫǸŮͨԵĻ쵰һһɫ𡭡
ֹ취ûбķȡ֤ݣŲƽ̰īҪΪϰճһҲ˼ʥ顣
Ҷ˷ؿǼߺ壬̲סϧѧʺЩи٣һΪ£ϧֻӣҪеسΪһ츣յĺ£ˮԸ
㡭̶ܶѨ졣
壬䵶ɽֺ壿һӢš 

лҪ˵ۣЪһ졣

£뻢Ѩ֤ݡ


48Գζ  
 
 
ӵܶ棬ſıжӶϵӡڹսǴ̽ͷ̽оһ˶ȥ
Ŷȥ˵ܶӣŶȥͱ˸ϳˡ
Ҷ˷оҲ˵ûûʶ˽ܣţ˼Ҿ㲻㵱ϸץҲȥǸȱӣĳնԱܶĳӸһء
˵ܶ˷ԲȫʡĺóӣôȱӣҲ˵ЩҪַض׵취һǻ׳־ˮñ
Ҷ˷绹ȥţԵ
ֵһۣܶԱŵû¸ɣѵǻʵô뷨ܶע⣬һ˼·

˰벻⣬ֻûؿ͵꣬ƵˮҶ˷̾ͥ˪϶к÷ӡ
ţǰС˪磬ֵ࣬طʱõʲôծӪڸķӣΪ˳ǮʲôйծƱʲôģǴû˵Ĺֵӣͦõġ
ĵģжŹֻ֣ҪþǺõӡ
ǰ۾һкһ˿𻨣˷зˡ
Ҷ˷Ͻʣʲôӣ
ǵС˪署Ǹں߹Ĺ𣿡
Ĺ´ྫʹŹ֣еǲáҶ˷Ŭͥ˪Ĺ£ƫƫֻǵӡʱ֥ͥϾϿͥ˪ŵܵССƺƵһϾ֥ͥ״Ԫݼֻ̫лʵ۲ߵνַޡͥ˪ƽˮϯͣ䶯ǡ
֮£Ҷ˷ԵѷɫˣЩˣĽʵǿͥ˪ͱܺɻ䣬ƾʲôǿԺϲ˳˫ԣȴֻܰѸţʹ絶ȴҪ䵭ܾ
ԱȽһȻǴˣ뵽ﲻɵðȭһˣҲҪһ𾪳ҰҲġ

Ҷ˷ͥ˪ദֻΣÿֻǰ۶ʣȻûôЩȤĹ¡
Щ߹Ǹֺóԣ书ָߵĹͷô벻أ
ŶˡĹ¶Щ޻̸֮Ҷ˷̲סһ
ֲͥ˪΢۶ֻŬ¡
Ǻ߹Թüϡʳ㻹ǵ𣿡
ǵáҶ˷粻ͷǲ鰸֤ʲôϵ
ֲ˵ôֱ࣬ҵϰ壬˵ԸΪĵò˿ͣϰȻǴӦˣƽĵ꣬Դӱܶߴ֮Ҳ·˿ϰá
ֵķһΪͽϡĲʽ˭ܳʲôģ˭͵õһĽ𡣷ǲ볢˵ģ븶һӵŷѣܲμӳˡ
ʾȥˣҲ˹ǰأȴûһ˳óǵʲôġܿ¹ȥϰ׬˲ŷѣֵúϲ죬ǲеƷһҲûС
Ҷ˷簴಻ס棬ʼǸ˵ʲôģһӾǲ˵
Ϊ㲻˵ҾͲ²𣿡Ҷ˷翪ʼǸͥ˪Ĺｲĺ߹ϡʽӦǺͷԹģͷԹʲôأ
ٿǵ˰װϺһ㣬Ҷ˷ڲµ˼֣Ҳ˼ֵ⣬ֻеصϹ

죬һȲйɵˣŷڣʮǰӵһܼӣ˵ǵн𣿡
ǣǡϰͷ
ҼүԱζûԲĶ
Թۣܼ̬Ȱͦһ˶Ķӣϵķ⼷ÿ۾һ֪ǸԾɫļһЩƽƣڵĿꡣ
Ժ򣬲ϾͺáָϽȥ˲ˡ
ȶһζҿҶ̲һ㣬ƵĶʯƯϣζиɻ
Ƿ˶˳һں⣬˵ţζ嵭ˬڣѡա
˿֪ʲôģ
ԱߵˣⲻǶ𣿾Ȼ⡣
ŵһЦѼȪˮҲȷǲסⶹȴĶõӶɣɷ״ϸϸϸƷζΪǶء
Ĵָ˵ʣµʲô
ٰѵڶ˳ϣ˱ǣ״
˼һϸϸƷζСɵģһ⣬һ⣬һСţӣһ
ҰϸƷ
룬С˪署ʱϡʽΪȷû˲³ּԱ仯ܲ³Ź֡
ţ˲³һԺ¹ӻһɵġ
һ̾⣺㻹ʲôУһʹɡ

ֶϵˣɱﵣʧܣô˴μƲ߻Ḷֻ취ˡ
ǰװ׵ϺһϸΧΧһȦ̲˻ɫˬζҲǣʲôأ
ɫϺʣΣֲʲôϺܳӡϸϸƷζҧȥйɺķ磬ƮƮɳڿǻеȥֱ͸
⵹ʲôأ
Ʒ죬䣺ҳԱʳûԹʲô
סʤ΢Цܹ˵ǰϺʡ
Ϻʣһ£Ѱ˼һа֮棬
ϺʵУζҲǾ
ôأ
ּ򵥽һ£һֻۼ£򼣬ȥ㣬ٷԿˮеûа㶾ԣٹըν֮ĽϾͿԡ

˲ò䡣
ǺģϲϡʳĲ˺ȫθڣ͵Ҹźɡ
ʾ䣬ǲɵЩ죬Ȼ³ԷݣȻڳһɻʣ˸Ǯ٣
Ա߹ܼ˵ҼҴ˾Ǻӵܶźĺˣʹ͡
̫ˡϲ״һԱҶ˷ɫѿе⣬Ϊӣ˵ֻҼү֢֮޷Ӧڶ༧檣ʳΪ˳Ч뿪ıֻͣϷҡ
Ҷ˷˵Լ֢֮ɫѿԱ˿۹Ҳͬ飬ӵڶ༧ȴǷĲȷʵͬ顣
ܼȴʮָˣֱƱҶ˷磬˵ҼҴҪˣ
Ҷ˷û취ֻżָܶһˡ

Ųƽںӵ̰ܶīֻ죬ƽʳӼݻͼ佲ϲϡŹ֮˵ڵԳԣȻûһ˲У̲סģҲ˹ȥԳԣȻղʳﶼд⣬Ѽִ븮С
»ܶС˳븮ֻ԰̨ͤ¥ľݻͥԺĽɺס
С˽˵ܶϲóҰζΪ϶٣Ը԰ɺ֮࣬ʱźˡ
ֿƯĽɺףͬҡͷһһ߹ۿ·ڣҪӦֻ鷿ԷһҪ뷨ӻȥ

һּԺżͷСţϺõĴ󡢶ϵĺϣţխСΪţֻԱõݰΪţĦ֪ǺԵʡ
źţַʣͣʹܹţţǽ̭ţܱȵġ
ֿ˶ﰵȴ˵ʲô
ܶ˼һ³ӣҲ棬ﳣ³ӽһһνֽݻͬ£ֻʮ֮࣬;ʳǾ°Ķһץһֻ콫ֻպϿǶ췢Ĳҽ˲š
ֲٿϽ˳˵ܶϲԵ˶ƣ±֭ϿƣΪǻģѪҺȫƣζ¾Ƶ
ɫף˵տʼЩ£ϰ߾ͺˡ
ֶﰵ̱̬ܶǹ˳ڿ³úԶ

ŲƽǰĲʽƬɱƬڳһֻ׷ɺףһС벻֪ʲôպϡ
һƬƬպ˽֭Уֻζڸˬζ
ǳԹȴĸо
ŲƽĨĨ۾ʣʲô
ָܣƬպнĩЩǺǵζϸζ۶ʧȫԭζֻһ㣬㲻ϳԡСбȴʶҷŴ˾ʳʶ𣬲֮СĲŸҰճϡ
żƽⷬУ˵ָۣ֣ģãպã˵Ҳôģ⡣ 



49ʳɱ  
 
 
ּУŲƽֵò֪˹ֻƤŵðֳ鿪˵ڸ˶
šŲƽסˣͷԵؿˣֽ
ȥ
Ųƽѹ˵˵ԭǸүŪʲôʳƣӦڶ༧檣ǰɣ
ˣ˵ǰҶ˷һѣû뵽ȴŲƽģӦԺսֲԣԲдһʡ
ֻ⣬ЦǷʳơ
ЩŲƽϽĿڣŶҾ÷ĶӵıǷе⣬ҩҲܲãڻûãǼˣкõʳƷӵĻ
Ųƽû˵ȥֵȻף˵˷ģҵʳƾԹã㡭Ŷܴ˵ľ÷ĶӵıܳԼΣչ
ãáŲƽЦϿ
ҸϽȥˡһܵûӰȻ֪ŲƽǷǱźܲˬԸϽЩ

ʳţϹңȵȣţӼţغ/裬ŶвĹЧ£ǲĺöŲƽԹξЩЧԼִʹһ
ֶһζ𶦹ڸŲƽȥΪ𶦹ڵĲʽԽݣĻ͸ԲƬմϸٹҵըγԣۿɲ԰ŲƽҪԵģ˵Щ񲻼벹ԡ
ֶŲ̵ߣһ߶լԺļҶסߣ
ִգۣȥըԣҪԵġ
Ҷôڻ·أ鷿ԺǱߡ
ǣлָ·ַǳҪεȻûôףѾŲƽˣһзսͲϴ緹緹Ȼ鷿ǰͷǩѺһЩ飬ǻˣӵ㡣ŰͽŲƽװ·ӵתһλֱ鷿ȴһ
ҪĶŲƽصúܣȡһֱûҵ鷿Ļᣬ淭

ְѲȷ£ѾһȣǸĴÿһζȴճɵһϯ棬¹βѰģһͲݳޣ뵽̼ץѺҩŽȥһ룬վһ棬ŲƽǹӦʹˣǣʳﵽ˵Ŀģܳ϶кʳκʱκı䡣
ŲƽĲ裬ôˡ˵岻ãŲƽûʣ˼Ľ𶦹ڣ˵˲Ժʦүȥ˯߲á
ִӦˣѽ𶦹͵Ժʦүסص׼ϵ磬ԱһλʦڰСɰﹾţðúСͽȥʦүȥ
ڸһֻȥǣȥҪȥȫͷǲ¼Σ濴ȥȻһֻҲǿĻȫעͷĨ˰֣ʵڰʲôѽ
ǻʣǿǡ
־е㲻ԾͣĻʣҸղƺ˵Ժʦүȥ
ǰ˷Ըʦүģ˶ʦүáȥĶ
ַһһ·ɱܵԺԺСʦүҨһ׼ȥ
Ҫȡܵϵֹ
ʦүĪ¸ףôˣʲô£
ִ󴭼˵Ҹǵ𶦹ڣɳˣ
ţˣζôˣ
ǽ𶦹ɣͻͬʱʳãԪġ˵ţֿˣ۲ɣˮһζзƾ˵з뻨ͬʳ׸кҪԡ
Ŷʦүͷ˼ţֲܾƣ̣ͷءҡ
ô˵ǰ;òԴƷ𣿡ʣиģ뷨𽥳Ρ
ǵģ

ֻصĥѵɺϣ
Ժ󣬼һۣرעʦүȥʳ
ڶ죬ʸʦүƷǰհײˣܽţ˿ҵʳ
죬ݣɽҩ۲ɣȹ
죬֬츬ˮӡ
ÿٷֶȥ̶ˮйػʦү塣ʦүĹػҲķ
죬ֶõĲ˺̶ȥϰζȣ˵ÿ죬ܶ˶ԼķʳгһÿҲ˶мӡ
ϧûи廹á
طԱõĶҲӡ
ʲô˼ʦүһâ
ֱ˵˵˵ܶҰը͸ƫƫϵĲǻ񼦲Ҿ;е㲻ԾſǴɣԽ춼йעʳ֡
հײڵ߲ˣţˣͬʳḹ֫ľ
¾ƺòˣͬʳʳ͡۲ͬʳж۲ͬʱҲжԡ
ˮ´һʳɫζ𣬿ǺͶͬʳж߻˵ġ

ʦүɫ촽˵ģÿ춼̶ˮ΢ⶾԣԺעʳҩӦûд󰭡ֻǡ
תһ£ⲻ˵ʦүҲˣʳһǴˣˣôɵ£ֻΪ֮
ƫ˵ƣת˻ͷ˵ܶ˸ÿִԼʳг¼ɼޱȵأҲԴ˵ǰ;Ӱܴ֪ܶ°ɣ
˵ϣֻͱһֽˣʦүŲƽĻţŹ֮£֪ĺܶ࣬ʱʳаɱ˵彥֪ôģû˻ỳɡ

ּǱһֽͱͱʳﵽɸ˵Ŀģһ뷨ӵƻⶾԵʳһ˯ʱðŴŶ
⻰˵ø¶ǣʳеɱֻǵһЩʳԤʱŵĻôĳ˾ͻһַʽǡ⡱ʧ𣬻ǵ£ֻѰôҲأڴְ磬ŲƽҲߣֻ»û磬·Ͼͱɱˡ
ͨ˽ڣʦүɫףֿʱˣ߽߶ϥǰ˵ˣ֪αȫ˶Ļ£һŹ֪ˣҪ㡣
ʦү۹㵽ʲôˣ

̯ƣǳ͢ղҶ˷£ΪѼŲƽ̰ī֤ݻ̯ܶˮѾβΨоطһ

ֱ˵ѼŲƽ֤ϱ͢⵹Ϳˣһ̣˿ǲŹġ
ʦүһЦŲƽںӵ̰ܶīֿ͹̿ΪһȴȻ¡ɽѲŵֱܶٵȨ㵽ˣҲЩ˽֤ݣһ֪ǣȨ٣˵һپ٣ֻ⵹Ųƽһô򵥣Ҷ˷⵨ôһô𣿡
ֳˡ
ʦү˵ǰⲻ߲ⷴҧҶ˷粻ǰ;٣Ҳѱأ
룬˵ţΪ̰;ϵˡ
Ҳաʦү˾ȥеȻһֱǰӵܶʵֺ͹Ŀһ뷨Ūġ
ַһģʦүΪŲƽļ϶Ҫ֤ݣֻҶ˷ҲҰЩܹ𳯾ֶĶǰ

Ҷ˷Щܱȫǣװӣʵ˺Щطѯ˷ֵϲ鿴νǧﳤһ붼ӿݵģûɰʯ֮Ķһƺӷģĵûһá̿ѹһʺͿˣϰӵ޵̷ò֪ȥη
ֻƾĿõ⵹ŲƽôǷҶ˷簴Լÿʱֵ͵ſڵš
һڿһͷҰӵ˹Ҷ˷һѽ԰Сͤӣϸ۲ɫֶ 



50ͷ  
 
 
Ҷ˷ѼץƧϸȫ飬ûʲô²ŷģԹڵ㣬ô
ֱȫٿڸﰵԼѾȻзӦǰϲŮ˵ġ
Ҹ˵ûУҶ˷粻ش
ֻعҸ
ûˡ
ôأôܸɡ
Ǹ̬ûжɫģ
ţɫˡֻһڣ͸оץԼ첲һڽŵزҲٶϽͣԺѾԿˣɫҲûҪҸǷëĲء
Ҷ˷һ㲻֪⼸Ҷڣڲͬȥġ
ȻˣͲ˵ʲôڣϣҲڡְʦүķʣ˵ΰⲻŵģͻΣգǰ̲Ҳѱ
Ҷ˷粢⣬һ罫֮⣬˵ûκֻǺҶĬĬڴϼ尾Ҫõöࡣ

Ҷ˷ڼһֻ˵֣ġ
ɫ˽һ˵Էͱ飬ֽҶ˷֣ůϸеᶨ;ģ̶ֻ֣ûҪ˵ڵĻ
ֺȻۿʪʪҺҪӿϽĨ۾˵ľҪಫʦү͵ȡ˲ţŲƽ̫̫գҪͣʱ˶࣬һѶŵҡ
Ҷ˷ȴˣһ˵㡭ǧҪСģ²ɲҪǿסԼҪ
㶼ˣһʲôΣҲѶϡ
Ҷ˷ץס֣ҲһԺдǰ;ҪúҲҪΣգ㶮
۵ֱ죺һСĵģҸûȥˡ
Ҷ˷֣ܵԼһ룬ԼҲȥһ룬ӰҹɫʧȻһ뷨ӿⲻһμɡ

ִܶͣԺСţͷ԰ĽɺҲɱ࣬ﴫ¿ԵĲҽСԺ˼ϯıȻ͵ûȡ
ǰбϯλ԰Ů͵ϯϷϷģ⻹гĵˣϷģֵĵزҶԺҲ͵Ϸ̨š
ʦүѾ߼˲ŵڣԷǽŵͼĺ棬һţؾԱ߲żϵһ᲻룬תȦͿԴ򿪰š
ֳ˶ҵʱŲƽԷʦүָѰŴ򿪣Ȼһ˲ͼšץЩԼѻعԭλϹһȻϽߣһײһ˵Ļ
̧ͷһŵñɫŲƽǰͷȾôԷˣѵǷʲô

ɫòҰףһ뵽ĲԼǻòõĶ
Ųƽʣûɫ÷ǳѿһŵľ֣ЦôˣһײǲҰ
ְǿֻ§ԼĴ֣ЦݣǰСһֱʹ׽ȴҲŻᣬŽǴӣ϶û˵ģŴˡ
ŲƽЦҾ֪үĻģֻǰЩүûеã谮Ҳھòˣÿԡ
˵ţһ˫ز
ŵƴƿﴧŵ˲һ̵ÿ£ץ·־صǰɫǡ
ŲƽͷҲûзһѽ˳ܴ󣬰Ѽְöá
ŵ۴СòԼʲô裬·ŵҪҪ¶ˡ

ʱ֮⴫ʦүˣ̫̫ǰ漱Ҵء
£Ųƽܲͷ¾Ƕ࣬үæţȻȥ
ָϽ˵̫̫м£˻ǸϿȥɣٹһϿˡ
ƫŲƽԼ˵ȵϣүͳ谮㣬ѵ㲻ϲ𣿡
ϲϲּæͷһֱźˣСķºòã
ðɡŲƽַſ
ŵľ¿ۣ£һѡ
ŲƽƤֹĵص£ȻҲ¡
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Ųƽرۡ
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ʶүĴϹ
δ䣬Ųƽ۾ŵؿصȥѪͷ
־ŻƿϻŶǵһŻƿ˵ԴңֻΪ˱Լӣ˳ɻоΪ˱Ķɱ֡
ʦүһ죬æȴŲƽڵϣһͷѪ֪ֻŻƿ֪롣
㻹ɵʲôܡ
ͷһɱˣѾɵۣôһⷴӦ
Ͽܣҡʦүš
Ⱦܣڸڶ࣬߰СˣǱʹģ˭Ҳʶ˭Ҳûע⵽

һܵţֱ˱ڻŰ
ҡɱŲƽֽŵݴս
Ҷ˷һ££һҡ
⻰漣üְģѻŵĶҶ˷Էһ£ϲɫ԰Ρ
Ҷ˷żָϽȿõС·ȥǲһ׷ϵ
ˣ׷ˣûŲƽɱѾҪ
ֺܺڣӦؼһﲹ²ǣˣŲƽҪ϶Źǣץ˱ɱڡ
ҺҶ˷Ȳ鿴˵Σżֶ˼Сӣۿ׷ԽԽ࣬ȥֻ˭ҲӲѡ
Ҷ˷Ѹ˾ϣ˲Ƥ˺ְҪŴŷȻź˲Լƹӡ˵ϿЩ뿪ȥǡ
СҲľܾΣҲ벻÷ӣֻǱܵؾܾҶ˷ֿ

ԣѶͳȥҺúûšҶ˷ӡһǣûٶϻڰ䴦һƣԼ嵽˲ƤͿŷ⣬෽ģһѶϵġ
׷Ǳ׷ȥ
һз̫죬쵽ָûӦҲӦԣҶ˷Ѿľϡֻнܺͷӵķϡ
ڰĽֽ˲ţᷢ£һƬհףֻҶ˷ȥʱ˵һ仰Һúûš
׷ĽŲԽԽԶĨᣬվ෴ܣĶȵ÷̣Ҷ˷ĶҲҪѶϾǡ

ƴǰܣҪЩ˵ǰͷץҶ˷磬ûǶ϶׷һҪץʱ䣬׷֮ʱһ뿪Σյĵط
/µİѾʪȫվסݵıܵ·ϡ
ͷǲϿܾˣҲˡ
ڵϷվֿҵı޺ۣҲΣǰߣûǰһʧȥ֪

Ҷ˷Ѫ˺üһ֧ķֱؿڣȥǵĺˮ֣Ҫסʲô
һҽȴôҲš
ôһ
۾ŷԼһŴϣ亹͸ڷֹ
ˣ
Ϥת飬ߵ˾Ȼǰѣǧ
㡭ô
ǧһ£˵ƽˣû뵽·ȴε԰Ȼؿջ˵˼ǣƣ͹ȣʣ׳ʲô£
ǧΪҲǺģи£ԼҪʱҲû龭˵ˡ
֣ϸϵƽȾҶ˷硣
ǧһЦһǽѾ˯һһҹˣʱҶ˷ãѾûˡ㻹ȺȿӺø·֤ܰﰲȫǣҲ㲻С
ֺһϣ˵Ҳ֪Ҷ˷׶༪٣ﻹŽңڱҿʹֻҲǰ취뷨ӰѶ߲ǡ
ǧȻغֻ֣ƥʳˮ̲ۣԼﳤȥ
ЩίǧҲһΣѹͷȻûаæ˼ô뿪ˣһ㵣ĵıҲûУˡ
ϹۣȻѡֱ߱߱Թ
ƥųٶȿ࣬һվ͵ͨݣͨݾǾˣֿر޸Ϲȥ
Ȼһ˴ˤڵϣԭ·˰һȺɱΧλεĸֵ
͸ֻһ뷨ҶҶԲ㣬иϾˡ 



51Ѱ  
 
 

һȺжʮŸֵһ⣬ˣôҪҶ˷ˣȪ·ϣ飬ʲôźأֻǿϧǺòŪ֤û취Ͼǣֻüںܼδҵˡ
Ͳȡ֤ҰѶһݴԣʮ֮һĿܻᱻ·˼ţ֮һĿǸ·˻ðհⶫ͵Ժ̫֮С̫Сˡ
ģҲġ
Żİˡ
˶˵ٵȥֱܵͷۣȴһ£⵶ʵˣͺܿԺҶ˷ˡ
еĵûһҽУ۾ȷҽеľǸᵶļһ
¶־ɫڵϵͬ飬תͷɽ¿ȥ
Ҳȥֻɽһվһˣɫ磬׵ĳһɫĺߣվڸ߸ߵϾȻȵҹɫԵޱȹ졣
˽һ¶־壬ûкˣսֵΧȥ
һ˵ֻǷҪСӵ²Ҫ֡
۹ɨЩˣһΣҲûô֣ѾڵϣΪ׵Ǹһҧ°ȥԼȴܲ˵سֵ֡
ŵñͷӣȴܲ书ˣΪ׵ɱ־ٵȥ
ִҽС
һ˵ʲôУû˾
ְԴƿǳֵɱɱͷѾ۾ôģؿ¶һص⣬ɱʱ򣬱ĸ̴ֵ
ɱһԲУ׷ɢ
˿Ͻлˣл֮л
ߡһ˵ǰ治ʲôˣϿѶϾǰɡ
Խʼת˲Ծףô֪ҪϾҪͶʶ𣿡
һȴûлشһתʩչṦȥ
ͷʲôΪ֪Ļȴ˲϶룬Ͻ·

춼ԺԩģҶ˷Ĺӡղƣʷ˰ӲҵϽǰ
ʵ۽Ӽ˵ˣϸ˺ӵܶͻƺ飬ϸ˲ǼӵܶȨлߵţմŭ˵ȡ
ּһΣ˸ýοʥҶҲûа
ʵ۰οȥץЩ棬Ҷ˷ӵ޻ǲ޻ظô
ʵ룬ôҪĶи㣬Ǻκ㣬ð֤ҲģҪʲô
ֺȻʹ֣ҪҶ˷磬ңʲôҪˡ

ֻصƽۿų͢ղּ׽永һˣЩ˵õӦеıӦҲ˿ֻʹѶ۵Ӹȥûֹû˿ϲãֻʣ޾Ļںޡ
ֻصƽʱסǼ͵꣬Ϊû˷ϰ廹סķ䣬Ŵϵı죬ﻹ¶ȣˮҲֹס細ΣүҲΪɡ
ְԴڱؿҪ£򿪴İϰڿƲˣơ
ϲŮ죬ǰ㷸ԲȣϲĶŮˣǲǺܲˣһ룬ΪǸϲҲûʲô˼ֵĻţֻһ£ҲʣʹĻһӣǰɣ
־ԼǰıһЩϲԵģôܰţ˰ա
ıһںȹ⣺ȻǺöԴκģһʹֲ࣬ϲءǣʹ࣬Ϊʲôأ
ҺˣҺúڣ֪֪ᣬ֪ôҾͺúõ죬֮ˣҲںõţҲʤ޾ź˵ǲǣ
ںܺڣ̫䵭Ҳҿ򡭡
ÿͼ׽ʱᱻһ˫ģƿƿֺŨŨĲᣬܹоõ

ֵһȥþƺ
һӰϢߵſڣԥһ¡
Ӱסƺ˵ʲô
п˾ȻҶ˷磬Цôͺּˣ˵ĳ飬Ȼ٣ҸյֽǮôյˣͶ̥ǰһǰɣ
Ҷ˷һ飬ЦҼʲôֲʲôˣֲں㡣
ž֣˵ٺ˵ˣһУһɵˣѧգǮ򰺹ϸϰ¥ҴְҸó˷ױЩΪ˲ҵĻ㣬ʲô񼫵ҪҲϣ㣬ͷΪʲôѡԼɱ֣ȴ·ҡ˵
־סΣһΣͷľĵʵ뷨ƽʱЩβġңΪʲôԶҡҲŲΪ˵ƭ˶ġ
ΪʲôΪʲô˵
Ҷ˷Цһ£Ҫˣ֪Щʲôװġ
ش˶ҪģҪǰԼ¡
Ҷ˷籧סıˣ˵ˣʲôأ
룬˵ҼʮҵµһҪˣҪ޵ʱˣĿ
Ҷ˷Ĭβ˵ã̾˿ˡź㱣־룬ԺŲ̫ġϣȴġ
ޣƾʲôԼ뷨ǿϣԵ־ӿͷִȭȻûзֲԾ֪ô֪ңһʲôҲܣץʱú˿ûźҲЩ¡
Ҷ˷˸ϷΣץס֣Щʣڻ뷨ɽģҲҪź
šֱ۾ͷš֪һһ
Ҷ˷ϣ֣صضվͳȫԸ֮ǰٲź
ȡ˫ץ·
ԣҶѡҶ˷簴ס֣֣غ·
žһ棺ҵ·ҲҪġ
˵ţ˺š
Ҷ˷Цã㲻ҪôҰòã˿Ϊͼǿ/ĵͽء
ȻҪҾǿ㣬ڵҲҡؼ˺·
Ҷ˷Լ·ž˫ѹõһͷţ籡ĺˮ׳ǵĵ̰ӡ
ʪ˫̰˱ѹֲס/
ֳڴδйľ޴УԸвȫţãŲӣ鶯˼㡣
ֻСһܣŪԴ죬˭Ҳ˲ãǷһĩ٣⻶ֶݣǴǵֻۣҪϧ̶̹
֪ŪůȾ˵ĺϼϼֽںڰС

Ҷ˷α黨ǻ֣һξǰδеĿǰδеϧֻʱ׾Թ϶գ۹ûˡ
ڣǿҵƣ˶˯ȥ
ɵϰ߸ٹ̣ȵѹʱԼһˣ췴Ӧ
ò˼ˡ
һӦǣҲôȻ
ڶӦǣôô˵Ĵʵ
ã۾̧ҧһڣʹץ˵Ҳҧһڡ
ѽҶ˷һҧҸ
ԭǹԽԺˣ
˶ûд·Ŵ¶ȣҶ˷翴żһԵǵӣůⰻȻ̲סֻݺǹȥ
ֱǵת˲ŷֿɴ۾ιǹ
Ҷ˷ЦãǲǾƻûѰһˣ㻹֪ǹôԺ𣿡
˵ЦŴչȥҲأҪһ
ڳ׷Ӧҹķͽֻա⣺ôôû
׷׷ɱʵһﲻǹɣ

 


52  
 
 
Ҷ˷ץ˲ƤŷƴܣֻһͷԽץס־ͻԽȫԣƴ˶ĵطܡ
ƽڻεķʹһЩֵҹȻƻ֣ͨһȺɷܹŵ÷׷׶ܡ
Ҷ˷һܵӵײۿǰѾû·׷ȴԽԽ֪Ѿ⣬Ψһľǲ֪ûΣա
Ȼڰһְֻȥ
һ𣺡·ϡ
Ҷ˷е죬֮в룬ķԸ·ϣ·ûһֳζʵ¹⿴ȥؤ·صҲǸؤ
Ҷ˷룬Ǽֳؤ·ؤҹգյһصСһǰԶؤ·ζ˿ڵĳζʬζֱ˻ǲ˼ؤۼˡ
ʱûˣЪǽ¡
Ҷ˷紭ϸؤãĿȴ㿡ΣǰԩľȷҵǸСӡ

ҺҶΪ֮ͣһ·Ҳûɫֻһүûô⣬һԺ飬˻к
Ҷ˷ϲоȻҵĴүû뵽εٳؤǸɾܵˣôƵ·ԲΪ˺档
лȣôҶ˷̲ס˳
ľЦһ£˾ѵˣҶֲ֪ô
ŶϾԣʲô»Ĳ֪Ҷ˷ĵžǳǳġû˵ƣֻǵο䡣

ܿ죬׷׷˹ʣղиŹʵСܹǿɿˡ
Ҷ˷һϯװ
ľ߶µһָǱˡ
׷СɨһۣﶼõؤҲûпɲ˵ĵطȥѱĵط
Ҷ˷˿ŲƽҪĶĳǣҰѣѵʱ˵ֿЩԹٸѹշǳǵѲȻϣŷʹٲ˵ġ۶ֳĵطҲûϸѣټ춼̧ˣȾʲôԲݲһͳȥ

Ҷ˷ʱȴֻǣӲȥ֤ܰϾǣֻֻƵطˡû뵽ûã͢ղӵ̰ܶī֮һַ̰ũߡ֪ѾɹˣŸԼаڿ͵꣬һЩ̲ȥֻصϼְھƼ죬֪
վ䲻ۼȴҲ󵱳ľգǰһ⣬ָж־ϲݺݵرĻˣһ̾ʧ
ôյģûʲôΣհɣҶ˷
˰бңҲû϶µΣաǸƾֱɫߺŵӦü˭أ
Ҷ˷˵ˣúܾȣ˵Ƕʮǰǽд̰ٽٸƶ£벻㾹ϣҡ
ʮǰôʮˡ벻ͨԲȥ롣

ƽǴ˼죬ЭղѼһЩ֤ݲһЩϺһϾҶ˷̬ȣٶԼ䵭ԶҲı뷨佫źȥյǰԽԽٵʱ䣬úһõĻ䡣
ּת̬Щ֣Ҷ˷ģȻû˵ֻ࣬ΪҶ˷˴үƢˣϲŭ޳Ӷ䣬Ҳû룬ֻ
Ҷ˷ؾּʵ۸˼νֱһ׼֪Ҷ˷вΪֻܷͣΪʹ͡
ĳպܺãѵõԲϳ϶кʳϿƸʩչŻ
ʵ˵ܹܶӣɼǲģŷɡ
ּһ£־ͳ
Ҷ˷˵źˣֽһԺû˸ῴ㡣ֻǣŷǵһʣµҪԼȡˡ
ּˣž׼úøһ㲻£ҲҪ׽ŷһˡ

׺ͼһССҲ˾סҶһ˰Ҷ˷ֵ׳ɫ׻һϺõ߸ֹɺԣҪµһҪʳǵҵĳɹɡ
˽ƣһС̫ţͷһصµһǧ򻧣̻Իͣһ˫۾ˡ
С̫࿴úÿŽµ·ҪҿҲҪҶ
ָָǰһţƣǾŷǾţ͢δگڣֱӽն˲ģɱϡͿض
ŵһ£лСѣԺա
˵һӣҶ˷ʱģ˹ô㵽˵ֻ䲻죬ÿĲĲܱסܽһչ
С̫Ӻ⣬ŷ¡

ŷܹ󣬵ʮ꣬ʸҲϣвƫ᲻Ǻճһᾫɵĸܹܺ춫һҲ⣬˼ʦк֮ࡣ
ʵش𣬺춫˵ʦʱɫһָܿܺͰ˵ԭǱҰҲýܹܣˡ
ָҪһδ硱Ҷ˷Ķ̣ڻʹطҪСģ˼Ҹ㲻ҪĲ򲻿ԡ
Ծɹ˵ҵθܹǰԺСȫǰЯ
ͷ΢Ц㵽ٲְɡ
Ц⽩ϣԷЦ޺̬ϣʵڲ˵ʲôֻ¡

ŷֲ跿ķ˷ز˷¯ȼִࡢӦˡۡ˾̫ڶ֣Ҫôð⣬湦򡣿ǼԹĻᶼûоͱֵ
෹ĵطӦ˶Щ͵ͷ˼ȡҲŪʲô£ʲôһжذ£Ҫ󷹷ÿʮƷϣ벻ԣ˷Ҳû飬һҲ϶Ĺأı䲻£ĲҲû顣
ֱƵҪֻǿɻ
һطⱻ۸ЩһһȻֵ͵ѻƸᣬ³ǲģľôһûôط

ŷĲǵֵЪһ죬ָڵݼٵӣҶĴţ뵽һӵͷأֻǿѹƣһ̧һͳŴš
һһصΧȥʣôôһϹô϶տ⣿ûʹͣ
̧״΢Ц飺ˣԼ˵ͷһϹҾúܿģܹܺչңͬûΪңŮ̫ңҲңСҲĽҡ
˿Щ֣ŽɣҪʣ̧žߣˣҪطϢˡ

ѾˮͰԡȵˮḧȫһƣǻҲ࣬ԺԴֱ׼ܹ
һ˫ļ米һˮѾЩ˵ˮУѹ۾ؿҶ˷絣ǵ
Ҷ˷󱳣һʣǲòģ
ǰҲװȥ˵Ȼµˡ
õŲ£㴦ôãѵ˻ǼٸҶֲαΪЦôվЦöѿ
ղǰװĵĺۣӻءҲȥǲġ
˵˵ôˣҶ˷úΪŽ⡣
ò׽ŷһչֿ£Ǹܹܺ춫ҵǷǰʲôѽЩǰѻƸҲʹɻһûʶʹµĻᶼûˡίذԴҶ˷ϲ䣬ơ
Լһչú÷ǰȴչҶ˷ǰڼѧչУøַƽصΣͷְϣøʲôأ

Ҷ˷Ĭһ˵оϻ˵úãʦţѾѧգôʩչҪԼˡʹñһڴѾŽ˿ڴǸ׶ӣ¶ͷһ졣ֻ⳼ʹڣﲻ㣬ֻܿԼӦԡҪԼǰѷ׶ӣгͷһ죬ҪģǰѷãҪҪ˿ڽ̤ʵȻһ߸һߵȴᡣ
¶ƣЩ˵ţ˵úã¾ҪãǽˮҲҪõջСҲܵȴʱĶץס
Ҷ˷ͨˣһЦԡͰбЦҺú÷һأ֤ˬңˡ
ֹıţŵֱУιɫǣ
Ȼ˵ɫǣҲһɫǿĶԲסˡҶ˷籧ȥ 



53  
 
 
̫ݺݽ䵽˶ԵϣԲֻ𴲵˼ֻöһССƺٲֻļһ
ֺһ䶯һ£ȴҶ˷ڻﶯãֻĸ첲ιˣλĸڸ㲻ȥ밲𣿡
Ҷ˷绹ǰ§ڻﲻĸТ˳ǣ㼸һڣȻһ졣
ڴһ˴緹緹Ȼȥ֣ţϷ԰˸飬ֵﶥӳԷȻҶ˷ͼֻع
ֻڻζԵǽ⣬ÿسԵóԵĶĥζôģǫʦ̣еĳӻеᱣҵܣܵĲֻԼ໨˼ĥ
Ҷ˷ȴһ£üڷżٵﲻ죬ڿŹԽԽܲ˵ˡ

˵ڹﵱǧСģǵǸܹܺ춫
ΪʲôҪûеֲˡ
㻹ǵʦǰչһвĵ𣿡
ǵã˵ǵʦԵŷܹܵģΪݺûеϻżӴʦԸͽܡ
Ҷ˷籬ࣺʦյǸ˵Ǻ춫ѧ֮ͱʦʦżȡüʮ꾭дʳ
־ȵزţʦ˵û뵽Ȼ
춫ǸСˣֵͿԿŷûû㣬ǲܹģһ뷨㡣
Ҳģôʦء־ί
Ҷ˷ɸֵشţΪ޺˼ҾͲẦ룬ѧʦȫ£õʦƵʳζţֻҪڣ춫ڻʹͲǶһݣݵ˵Ĵζ걳Ѷʦ»б¶һ죬ʱôȥ
üͷû뵽Լҵ𲽾·ʯһ̵ֱҶ˷Ҳﲻô죿
֮һСġҶ˷Ҳֻôһ䣬빬ţֱ

ڷʮֵľ񵱲ԹӲ͵ˣûΪһûϢĵطԱЩǰǿǫڿʵҲϲеĻοˣһųͷڷȻܼҲ᷸޹Ҳ޹ͦ󷹰࣬ⱲӺܿ͹ȥˣʱܹǮϻҲܺá
İοüƣû˵ĵطС
ķŭһ㡣
ٲȰ֪գһͷҪջᣬֻҪб£еġ
лҲͷϡ־ɥŷڱ춫ѳ֣ҪżԼлҲϵġ
ٲȰȻȲᣬЩԼ뷨Ӵᡣ
ţ˵öԣҪ뷨ᡣֳմУ꣬Ƴ嵭Щʼ뷨ӡ

ʹܶ࣬ÿֵϢ죬Ҳɡֻܷⷹʵǲôźʵ۵ģ̫׼˵ĶһۣټϹµĿ˿ۿͣǵķֻǲ׷˶ʲôġڻʹǳ͵Ĺ幫ӣȻǶԳ׼ķʳҲֻӲͷƤȥ
ֿ⡣ַ굽ݼٳʱǰԹҪǼҸˣϸϸƷĥȻϰ
ϰĳƷЩֵҹ˹ȥϳϿЦݣôҹģ绹൱һ˰ɡС⣬
ֵҹͷ⣬ȻǴϲ¿˳ԣ̵Ȼ᲻סڡһĨ죬̬ҲͰеغͳļ䡣
ŷģղһɣ

ǳСı󱲣л̷ϣֻڷոʲôģⱲҲܵüգɼܹǮͳ翪ʲôĺڣһ뼸λƷ
ҲЩͬ飺ҲҪģղõʶģòʶҲûʲôܶ࣬еһӶûὫԼĲ˳ǰǸΪռúãԲűƼֻź˻һΣϾͰˣҲûдź򡣡
һָ㣺ܶ࣬в˼ͷźϣǲûر谮ĳӣɹͿԳˣһźϵĻᶼûУɲҪ̫뿪뿪ıչڻʹǿ

ܽˣӴֵҹӲͣǺϲҲԲƷ˸ĽͬʱҲϵһЩϰߡ
ʵòоʮˣܶûõʵ۵Ʒʵ۳ԵĳĲˣҲû˵˭Ĳرͣŷȫõĳʦðôס
ЩԶԶŻʵ޹߸߰ܽǣȭԼһɹģһᡣ
ʵ飬ֵ⵽¯ĵزֻžʳֵҲĽԣⶫٳζҲʧ٣ζǳأԶŵ

ҹʱ֣׳Ǭ幬ʵȻûоޣڰǰĶѳСɽۣÿһϸ˶ݣҲǳ꾡ֱʱֻʵϢ˼źĴ̫˼ȾҪЩ̵ĴɲС¡
үѾˣþˡ
ʵҲЩۣվȥ
ǿķ磬ʵŹȦдĻ㣬һر㡢ǿҴ̼˵ʳ
ʵһֱ۵ûϳҹŵ̼йٵζžöЩоһ㣬ζˮ˳ζѰȥζǴֵзġ
ڣſˮɿС¯
ưģⶫҪȼλóԡһСɰĶ̣һ̧ۿʵ۽źͨһڵءֵʱϽȾƣóԵĶܱ˲С
һֿѾƱ档
ʵûעЩֱߵǹǿʳǰǺţźɣཱུðݣǿҵζֱ˱Ƕˡ
ʵʳָ󶯣һ볢˳ԴζԼǴأ
ʵ۴ּټҵˡ
Ǹ׼׼ģΪһѾϰ˼ݵǣֹжȷֺ
ʵѾ˼ϲּǵǸƴǱӵܶžҵ֤Ͼǵˣϲ

ԼӴףӴΪȥζֻһ㡣ֽܲ˳ʵۣû뵽ô΢СζҲܳͷ
ʵ΢΢һЦΪԼˣʣƳʲôˣ᣿ƣǺ䣿
ֹ˵СƳͨĲʽʵ۲⣬ֽ͵Ҳ־磬Ϊ˳ԷҳСըǵһմ죬ϡ棬˼ǵڶ豹棬ƽ棬ǵҲͨʳķӱľ˳һζ
Ѿ߾ˣ
ֹСĲҿڡû¶˿⣬ǫ˵ǰСԻҳˣֻǵ˵һʦָ̣˵ڶ
ʵ۲ţ¶мЦô޳հɡ

ΪԼȡ˻ᣬһǰõʵ۵ӡŬ˼ʲôʽ
ԽԽȣʵ˯ãҪЩڰʳŴΪЩó׻̵ԻҪʹȻ̵ƫںʳ²֮ٽϻʵ۾ķƫԣǼֶƽʳΪʳΪԲԭ
ʵۿϵʳﲢԼϲģЩãôȵ죬˯÷ҲԲ㣬㲻ЩʳȻˮ˵ġ
ԱߵֻЦ
ûбɫŵ˵ķͨθ˵θкɽҩңůθɽҩƽθ²ϰȵĳȥȶɢһáǱ֮໹ٳԵĺá
ʵεЦЦʹ޵Ļģǧټƴϲʲôϲʲôȴܣ޵ȶˣȴ֪𣿡
֪СŵƣûнζůθһҪԣڳ֮ҲΪĳðɣ
ʵʧЦ벻ޱ㷴һԣ񲻳˾ܾɵˡ

ʵȻǿų⣬ǸģûԾܾȥθůڵĺζҲеԽܣζ˼Ծ࣬Ҳˡ
ڵõ˻ʵʹ͵Ľ˵ػȥҶ˷ǿ˿ڻ˳ɹҲŸˡ
ŷ˻ɫʼ춫ҲСӭ֡
μҶ˷ԲɶԺ춫ģҲԾܾ춫ҲûıʾǫرʾҪѧϰ

һʫӣƽֹԵʳƽԵĶˡԺ󣬿ſɫıʯ˸˵Ĺâ
ֽ֭Աߴֵ۶ӣ춫ڵ˵ˡ˵ÿֺֽõ˵Ұˡ
Ŷˣлл߾裬ԼĲˡװװУȥ
С´ĲɫϳְС̫ţʫŲǰ
ʵۼ֭ɫɰҲʳЦžͺóԡ
һŽʵɫһ䣬ʱŭʲôѽԼ
һһһƤɰӣô£úõŴô˻ʵ۸ǰɿɬأ
һԵĴ̫ŭ⣺ʲô붾ˡ 



54  
 
 
ֲſڴϣ
кҩҶ˷أԸҩһԹô£ǰ㻹ܿĵʹͻôͰʮأҲЩ飬򻹲ƨɿ
ءί֮Ҳ֪ô¡
ʲô¶֪ǵġҶ˷ôһ´һ£ִʹ
Ҷ˷кʮ㣬֪ûˣԷģʼϸϸϸ˹̣׳ʲô£

ϸ룬ȥĤÿˮ̣úơҶȾɫ¹ܼ֭򵥣ҪǻҪǡôܹˣûнҲܲ򣬷ɬζȻ֭ɫζܺãԹβŸҸʵ۳ϵġ
ʱûʲôѽ
ҶʵòѵԼ𣿡
˵ҳˣŴܺóԣ˭뵽װ͵ϸǰˡ
Ҷ˷һüͷ˲Ծʵ˶𣿡
ˣǺ춫òҵӡ
׺ȻˣڲĨȻӣȾͰĲŪֿѳˡ
Ҫǧûзס˵İ㡣
ɣ޳ܡҶ˷࣬һŭسȥ

֪ͨʲôæˣүסҪҺ춫ˣǺ춫ô쵱ŷܹܣǿǲ𡣡
ҶƺһȥˣҶ˷ܵúܿ죬Ѿ嵽춫ϣ֪Էȥฮȼŭ嵽͢ϣҶǰס
׿Ȱ˼̨԰رȴฮ£Ժ;𣿡
Ҷ˷ŭ壺Ҿû;߶Զ
Ҷƺקؼ
ֿƽ˿ûʱԺȰ㲻Ҫô嶯ȥʲôأүĺùӳԣΪ˽ʿǰ;ʱ򣬺οΪԻǰ̡
ߣʲôǰ̣ҲϡҶ˷뵽ԼʣӣĶʲôǰ;Ȥǻ쵰˼ֵǰ;̡
ס֣֪ʲô𣿡
Ҷ˷綨ؿĪ
ÿС˪磬ֵĽʣƽϣС˪ںΪðűָΪ˵Σգȥǹں󷽵Ĵ֧֣ŵԺ֮ǣһ󹦡
ദʽĽҲС˪һĺܣ㽨ҵΣҲĺȡΪҵԵүȥ֣ǰ̣ôܰ
Ҷ˷ḧͷ֪Ҹ˶þͻᱻ飬Ȼͥͥ˪˫˫ɣΪһͺܡôĴأ

ֻΪµĴĲ롣Ҷ˷ò˵вԽʲôҵܳΪɹͺܣҲˡ
ΣҲ̲סᣬҶ˷ڰοȻŷ˵ƽСү硣
ѽǱϱᵽƽôֻˡҶ˷翴ϲ⣬зˣڻǰΪ飬϶ػŷˡ
ҲȻڻʹɸ뿪ǾرϳȥҪҲôߡ̰ķλӣǲôһ޳ɵ뿪

ƽ־һԺɣ˵£ر֤һ뷨üػŷ
ʵΰѱٻΪ̫ʮٵ£̫˺ü꣬ڲתЩַƽʤǹҰһƬƽ֮ʣʵ۴һ£ǰ̫Ψһֶٻؾ
ʵ۶´ԭƽȻʤ̨廹ûոɲ޻һҪ̨ɲǼ£ٳҪӣ٣ַ̫ٲ˵ģҪҪӣѾסˡ
ںͱҸ˫Ӱͥ˪Ӷ࣬һ⣬ȻҪӣͰϯˣټϷ֣ҲЩֻһ԰Ҳֻ԰һ½ͼЩ
̫һ֮ĸĿ˾ͺˡͬ⡣
˵ͥ˪˵̫ٳ볼ºƽʮϵһͬϷһͬʳչʾʼ֮ͬģּӣ塣ԶʤʼҹԼݳޡ

˵ǰʵͬ˵ʲôͶˣϯĲʽôŪ
Ҷ˷УҪüָֻԭλ⣺һˣѡõΪˡ
ʵ룬Ҳ⣺ɣóŷܹܲ׼ǲ»磬εͬʱž˭Ĳʽã˭ŷܹܡ
ȴȻ˺ѡЩСŷĳӣҲһɣǰܷġ
ǼôʵҲˣŷڲҲ֪ϻصҲ˰㣬Ҳ̫ˡϣѡܹܣֹͣЩڶ
Ȼڻʵǰ˼ֵ£ʵҲˣȴûȷּ⵽ôü֣ˡ
˹ͥ˪һ£˵˵˭Ĳʽã˭ŷܹܣû˵ѡò˵ı׼ʲô
ػʵѾ˶⳼ɴʥ⣬ôѼŪ

صҶ˺úðο֣Ҫżӣȴʱͬʱǻ뷨
ֿΪıƨҲˣҲˣ룬λزŷҲûʲôź˻ϼҴӿһƴ

ûûʵ۾ּüػŷָ˵ûϵȫþͽ˹һȻʵл
ߴĵÿյžûϦĹббٴڻʵӡͼԵʮֹ졣죬ʵ۲쿪˿ڣϻصûãҪط㣬ֻСһ£ҪΪ֮Ҫ޲¡
ģָֻøϽ£ūһľ̻ϣ޶ġ
ʵתһĨЦ⣺ã˵ģмҪ죬ɰˣ
ԸūŸǡ
Ҳ㸰ֻҪʳУз֢֮εʳǸ⣬ȥźʲôγǣ¹ζƷϣҪˡˣŷܹܵλӾġ

ֻð亹˼ת˼ת׻ʵʲô˼֢֮ΣʳõСıҲԵ꣬˳֮ǻʵȴʳез֢ʲô˼ѽ
Ӧʵͷôôղ㲻˵Ҫ𣿡
룬Сػصػϣз֢֮Ҫʳ߲˹Ϲ÷⣬˻зΣաγǣ¹֮ĲƷĶһʺÿˣʿڷΪ䣬á
ͣһʵۺʲô˵Ҫʲôʲôô
ˣѾˣʵ۲ǲǹ֪ǲҪĺӣһ׵ΪʲôҪԼδĺɱأⲻΥΥ˺ͣ
˲䣬ԼĸףҲ¸ҵ̧ͷԻʵۣ˵ū׼ƶ׶鲻ɣĶʱҲΪβյá
ʵ۲֪ôȻףһ¿
ּ˵һΣһС͵͵ҼҸǮҪҩĺӣʱҼǼѵʱ򣬴ļĶأôһǮȻԶɹѹءǼҸܾ˵ȻӣҪΪ˺һµ£
ҽҽߵǾԼҽ΢ЩصĴ򶼲̥¡
ͬʳҲʳߵҲǲԼʳȥˡʲôû˿ڿԼҲü
ϵˡūŲܴ
ʵסˣ벻һӾȻΥּ⣬Ӷͼ˫п־ɣǣ˫۾ֻмʹûκʡ
Υ㲻ô
߹Ĵ³ɭвŵһ 




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֪Ǻ»ºģۺᣬ΢΢ʮǰҸܾǸСԼȴƶӣûǮǹҩΪǸС£ҲͲˡ
ǣûôԼά
ʥԻ޸ڸ֮ΪТ
ūȻֻһĳӣҲ֪ʲôТʲô塣ΥǻΥףǿȨƣūֻȡˡ
ʵƿԣβЦ벻һССӣҲ֪ȡ塣ѵãѵá
սսãʵȴû˵ʲô¡

ֻصҶѽ¸߼ȱʾɣϡ٣Ǻ£ΪʲôôҲ̽㣬ǲΪ˺ôױ򡣡
Ҷ˷룬ǰǰ󶼿ǵ˵ҿδأ룬ʺûλӶλݺܵ͵Ĺȴǹտ֮ŮմŹݣһֱͼƻʵۣʺӣŮ»ӵĻôпܳΪ̫ӣڳбƴĻӳΪ̫ӣôǰֻ֮ҪڱݡôҲĵ
־Σ͢ЩҲҲԸǣȥֻ֪з֢ŮӻбΣգʳθֵʳˣ
Ҹάôһֻٵ
˶Щжĵؿ
˶룬еĻΰ󣬿ǵһ˵͸ջʱǲǻܼǰǸˡǼˣԴܹλõջԻȨвûжҡ
ôԺô죿Իʵ۵Ĳأ

Ҷ˷翴żʰ
㵽ȥ
Ȼǽˣûҹּ֮ǰҪصԼλҸ¡
Ҷ˷סˣĵޱҵݵ費ľпܴﵽҵĸ߷ɡ
Ҷ˷ҪסҪװװٽģһάĻȻˣȻ˼ôԼαҪֹأ
Ҷ˷һ·ſڣԶԶӰʧںصĹź棬ֱҲҶ˷ȻǵĹţĿԴ͸عţǸԸȡˡ

ֻصŷظλԼڵ£ʵټΣ˵仰۲ɫ費޿־岻Ҳ
󣬻ʵܳĴ̫ŵ°ŷֱּּֽ
ﶼ㷲֪ʵۻ᲻һ֮°ȥֱӿͷڿŵ°ּﷴƽǸǻи˶ҲǺõġ
ʵ۵ּ˳⣬Ϊŷڶܹܣλں춫֮£ƷƷ
ŷ˶𾪵˵춫ɫܿͻףЦӯӯףأǼȿģҪжˡ

ǰǬ幬ʵл
ʵһЩů⣺ÿ˶Լ׷ϼѻջ˶ᶯҡά˸ϡôɱôѵһϡء
ַģϽлٱҳϡ
İʤΪԼ˺޹ȡҲǳģﶼף˵̰Ҳûӵ¡ѵ˼ᶨڲҲѹˣԺ޵ʳͽչܡ
ָжÿҪ޳æߵͷл϶䣬ūһľ
֪һᾡĵģΪˡʵ۳΢Цһº̫ٳҪóǼˣܹܵλ޲׸ġ

ִ֪֮УʾһϹʲôģصҶʵ۸κãǳˡµǣ¸µʲôʽܶѹȺ۶ôܹܵλأ
һҪӮ˺춫Ǹ쵰ŷܹܵλһҪҲȥҶ˷ҧгȭǺ춫Ĳӡ
ûҲִҪʲôֻ˵ֻҪеģһ뷨ӰŪ
һѰų⡣
ƽ˵ǺóԵԳӣᣬǺ˻أ
˵󣬵ڹҲϡǣɴǹϼصζѾټˡ
һƷũͥ˪˵Щ㲻бҲԲֵĶأȥķѷѰһЩеߣ˹Ĳʽ׼̫ûԹ
Ҷ˵Ϊ˱Щζһ㺣շǸɽ亣ζһǸζЩ

һ˵˰죬ֶͬ˵˵ôζȴһҪġ
ʲô
̫ѮƢθҲѣټϲ˼꣬ŸոպЩʲôγܵסǳ˹ڷ֮˾ɲǲˡʳܲΪ԰Լ˳ʳ˵״ԼҲ˳˵ԭ
룬
͵ݲãȻҪ͵ġ
⣬ǻӣݽ
֪⣬̫ͣǲ˼źתЩƢθȻģԴסô죬ɱѽ
ţҪͣҪֻö

ͬˣŶҲƳ
Ҷ˷⣺ϻƽŲƽĺҶ̲ܺã嵭ζֲƢθǸ̬Ҳòء
ϸòã˵ãȴȫʺϣʳҪעʳߵص㣬Ųƽ׳ζ̫ѮζЩ˻ô嵭Ķֻ³Բʲôζ˵Ҳܱ֤ҵĲ˵һϣǳ˵ķʸʳ֮ͷľˣƷó̲ĺô
˼ζ𣿡
ţǸӡö˲ʽ
飺᲻̫ˣϯϵĲɽ亣ζ
ԼĿĺǹƽѰʳ棬ֻҪˣԺᡣ
ǣ׼ϲ˾ͶΪ

ӴˣڳϰҶ˷Գ˼ΣǾöۻǶ̫ۻΣҪôζζͷ֮ǲ⡣
óһ룬Ҷ˷ͷ˹أǻʼϯϱ鼰ˮ½䣬Ĳΰμأ
ֻýʾ֭Ŭƾ
ʱʦϾ̽飺ۣһˣöãͲ׷߼£Ҫ졭
ˡ⣬ôöۻأ
Ҷ˷Ҳü취

ܿ죬̫ٳˣżӵԭ򣬲μϯĿ˲࣬ҲرΪֵͬ˼Ŀ˶ǾǸѮϵߣʾʵ۾֮⡣
԰ϯŮҲĹϲϾƣܵ˸ϲЦտϾܻʼ룬Ⱳӿܾһء
Ȼ̫˼ǼΪϣóΪ񣬿ǳΪʥ裬ﻹˮ׽һѲ׵ļ滨ݣǻ״ͬһֻֻչɺף̫źϲʵ⻨ʲô֣
Ѳ棺˻ɺײݣֻʱ̫ճʱſֻһʱʱ磬һˬ̩
á̫ܸˣ̫⼸ɺײƵ԰ϽǵϪͤ棬峿ʱ͡
Ѳ˵̫мǣɺײݿʱҪָΪ˻Ļ΢˻һСҲûϵǰԼȥµġ
˽׵ıݰں̫͡

˷ֳɼף٣ǻʵڳף٣Ȼǻʺ̫ף٣ƽ񣬽ŴͲ裬硣
ŷԼ־ϣ̫̫࣬ͻʵ۲ܰÿ˵Ĳһһصʮ˵Ĳʽĸܹܺλͷڵһϲˡ
һϲ˵Ǻ춫Ĳʽ飬һһֻշڣһϣǻȹ˿ģۺͷβӣң˵ֻ˵ëһѿͷȥβмͿգԼ׶ɣݹզ࣬ȻûʣԻʼɡ
̫ͻʵۿ˶⡣
Ϊֶ̫Թ磬ûҶ˷кҲżʲôҪ˰æҶ˷翴ź춫ζɫ޿ޣΪѺ֪Ķô˼ҵġ顱ϸߵ͡
ܣܹܵλں춫ֵӸѹ 



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춫һϵĲ飬λɣζḻһӾˣп˵ĺøС
һԵҶ˷뵽һļ֣Ѻ
ţϲˡ
ڶǷųᣬϵȵõļƣԻͼᣬɫѷǳɡ
ǽѣѩдŽƣûʡ
ĵǰ丣»õǰСʡǡѼơ㡢ӵζ˲ΡΡߡ𡢵Ȱҩľƣտ«״Ϊ«Ƹ»ȡ»ζ쳣Ԣ⼪顣

ǸǽᡢƤΡ㡢ɱѼơ桢ӡ㹽ǵʮζðõļ֭ƣԭиζΪһζƿ̳ǣ̳ǣҿĺҶһɴŵĵζ˱Ƕ㴼ζ
̫һ¶Цݡ
˵ܵؽܣ˼ɽ亣ζһ壬϶ʮ֣̳ķúн²żѼѼƣвȸɱ㣬ϲǶϲǺ㴽ܾƼ֭ҹгɵġ
治ʳ߶̾

ǹ㶫öҵķͷƤ˺⣬Ӽ˿˿Ｙ˿ľݩгϸ˿йҲ˿ͬƣζǷ
̫ɫͷףͷ˲ü̾˿˵һ䣺ǲҪ˰ɡ
ʵһüͷת΢Ц˵ǡ

ߵǺջ㣬ʱҲʲô
̫ŵ°ӷʣ˵˽ջ㣬˵ģô֤ǻأ
ʦβס⣬˵㿴˱֪
˵ţʦһ׹ͽȥǽŸɫ֭βͶ
棬̲סʣô£
ʦؽܣ˵ģһֻȻҲһ
˼밡˷׷̾ѣŵ°С׼пӳϣһһͻϣһˮݡ
Ӵŵ°²ҩ

ڰ˵ǸѼֻ˱ǣϿк졣
ʦǰûѼ̳ĻտѼӲȣž¸½Уý͡Ρ״סϾơѼֹʣһưư£ζȫ뼡࣬͸ʤǧֿգ˻֮
ʦʱ⣬̫׾üͷȴһҲûгԡ

ھŵһƷɫ˵Ĺ󣬶ʱ߶¡
ȻʳͷϾǼܵǴ֮õģһԵĴ̫ŵ°ȻٻһôĵӣȻϸͷ
Ѱڴʲôء
ǽͷʰɾֵָϣҩģ轵ζޢɰʰ֥֭죬һ죬һ죬һ죬ܹߵߵʱƶɣζḻвΡ
̫Ƭһ鳢ˣ̾벻ôͨȻ˼ζ
ͥ˪һҲ̾ô۵Ĵ׾ȻôƬɼյжãԵһ
˵ŷȫõĳӣȻǱѰ
Ǽô죿ͥ˪ЩҿЩ۴֮滹֮֮ζ֮ḻֵζֻ߲ѽҪЩòʤֱܻʤŶСҶӦȰȰ
˵ˡҶ˷ȭȫ亹µҲ벻ֵĶôЩո¶ͷǣһܣŷܹܵλã϶ں춫ԿҪɴˡ
·Ҷ˷ƽϢһ½ŵ顣

ʸǳһϲˣҿ̵ĺҶ¶Ĳȣԭһ̶ƣ񣬵׺źɫɫĴҶư̸ɫӳǳÿٺÿҲܸıһ̶ʵ
ʵɫÿᣬ㲻ϱγǣҲϸ̫ˡ
ŵ°ŭĿָǵʲĴ治

ŵһָܿ򾲣ȵ˵̫Ǿòʵڲ˸֮Գθʺϡ
̫һƷܺͰ΢Цⶹ󻬣ȴǲɢ飬ɼϹܲĩϸϸݼ㡣
л̫佱
ֻΪʲôأζһҲԵôŪأ
̫Ļζ˻̼ζζ״ɤӣʶϺҶ̼ζкͣ˳ԵĿθʡ
̫ܵ佱һ䣬˵ⶹĲֻζ̫ͨˣⶹѩټζɫḻͽнúˡ
л̫˿֪ԼѾ˹ء

ϲϣȻʤߣʵۺ̫Щò⣬ѱ
ųˡ
Ǹζãϧֲڳ͢׼̨ɲҪģ̫˵ģǲҪˡ
ǳѾȻѳַǳʱڣЩӰ䳯֮⣬ֻܱ̭
ǸѼζã̫̣Ѽ̳̫ŷ֮ˣĲ̣ʡԣǾΪ
̫ͷʱ̫Ϊʲôһδ
Ǹջ㣬ͷʮ㣬ȴ³ˣֻ˸˼ȴûпʳߡתͷŵ°Ŵܹܣϵݺõû
ҺûֱӰѲ˳ʸӡŵ°Լϸձ̳ݣǷ޷ޣ˵ֻ֪Ūգû֭ʳ
ǵġ

һֱ̭ˣ̭Ҳû˵¡
˵̫ǾòƢθ˳Դ磬ȣ̫ĶҲΪһóʦֻŪԼ˼գҲҪΪʳߵ忼ǡ
ˣ̭˰丣»ǽһƷ
ʣþʤ
ʵ۰ͥ˪˵˵ʣĸʤȽϺá
ͥ˪ǰȴûᵽȣֻ˵˵мλϳΪ̵ӿѪ֢֮ȥġ
ǰʵ۲֪ô£Щѹǹ֮ʱҪЩḻϳ׼Ƴıʹʧ󳼣ܲء
ͥ˪˵ΪЩͣټϲʳζģǲá
û͵Ӧʳ嵭߲˶ʵ۵ͷͬ
оϻ̵˶ƽͥ˪ָİ׷˵磬ʮϵߣЩ˶˶Է֮Щ˺ЩƽûǸģ߲˶ֻݶѡϲζʹ͸Щˣƹ㣬ݼȫµˡ

ʵ΢Ц˵úã籾Ϊ̫٣ͬʾ֮⡣ּζʹˣϣСʳꡣ
˵ϣҶ֪ʤ˭ˡ
־ˣҶ˷˵ͥ˪ףؼȡʤ
⣬Թߵ֮С
һóʦֻȫȫΪʳ룬Ʋʱĳ⣬õĲƷϸĳʦ
춫û뵽ôżЦ

ֳΪʷŷܹܣӹ˻ʹŷԼʳгӡ
²˳֣ܶ˶Ȼлʵ۳ȴк춫ʹӣֿ⡣
Ҷ˷ŭˣǸҪ
ָϽҺ֮£㲻ҪܣѾԼãîʱڴ԰Ǽ棬ú̸һ̸Һ֮ĶԹ˶ϡ
ٸҶ㲻һҪÿҶ˷ݺҧ
ףƢô󣬺ܱӡЩĵؿ֢ʱ˺ܷŭƲסԼҶ˷粻ƢãɫҲܲʱʱ룬ܵġ
Ҷ˷ǿЦЦûϵ˵ǳˡ

ɫڴ԰Ϫͤͺ춫档
㵽ôԣ컵˻ʲϽҲܲġ
춫ǣ»ʹȥְܹˡ
ŭ庰ƾʲôƾλΪʲôʦҵҪλϷҪʦ᳹ȥ
ޣʲôƨ춫Ͷ١ڻʺʳֽŵĻŷܹˣҪĹƨԼǰ;ҺҲô޴ʱĻͥн죬
ַŭȭʦ
ͷԴҲʦҲֻɵӲŰĻʥԡɵӸߣǲݵġ춫ڳԣŤͷȥٺ˵
ŭɶ󣬾һʯͷ
Ӧֻ춫صȥһԴȫѪ
ɱˡð뷨ŵĿɿڴһѹͷƴߡ 



57ư  
 
 
ɫ΢ŷ׼ţ̫Ǽ翸ʳ͵ʵ޹ʵۼʳС̫ܹ࣬ܺ͸ܹܶڣܲϹءֵʣŷܹأôź򣬾ЩС̫
ͷŵǺ춫ĵͽС˳Ц˵ܹ֪ܲȥĶˣθܹܽ첻ֵ
˵ţܹϽ밲
ʵ˵ÿʱ㶼޽ʳĵʣ޻Ĺءô͵ˣ
ǣūѰҺʳ׼ءĨĨͷϵĺ̲ס
ǰǺʧΪʵע⵽ˣʣôˣɽҩô
Ŷǵġ˳ӦƤ޹ʲôһ㶼СģɽҩƤ֮ĻҲ֪Ϊʲôʵô˵˳ŻͷӦˡ

ţС˳Ŷ׼ŷһţͿС˳˵ʦЪţȥҩŪһ޸ȥ
ɫ䡣
˵ھģҸ㣬ҪϽȥ
С˳Ͻɱҩһ޸ȥ

һңŨܣССһݣסչ⣬ǳ
С˳ҩţʦү˵ЩˣҶҩ
˵˽ա
С˳ҩ˽ȥΪǰͩ꣬һܣϵģԵЩֻ泯ǽڲԡ
ҩϣȥϵ˵
С˳Ҷʣȥ

ճʵ۽£Ȼ󶽴ŷӦ׼š
ʱ̣԰﷢һУʱȫ£һлˣǻ԰﷢һʬ壬ʬŷĸܹܺ춫
ʵŭˣ˾Ȼڻʹ԰ɱˣ⻹˵ã˰¹Աӵּ⣬ɳ鰸

˰ȫưֵ˵ƴ̽ʽܵĺϰκװӽӰư졣иºŽ̽ɱ޲㤺£Ҳ⣬㷲
ȿֳʹһʬˣʣһܹܵ˭
С˳սվʦòҪҩȥԣʱһ
ʲôʱ򣿡
Լǳһ̡
֮ǰʲô𣿡
ʦ˵îʱ֮ǰԼü档
֪˭Լ棿
С˳ִ𣺡û˵˭ҿ̬ȣӦǵλ˰ɡ
ôʲô˺Ծ𣿡
ʦ˭ܺ˵˺ԾεĴܹܺμ֣˾ʱпڽǡ
Ҫ鱨ֱʼ֣îʱ֣
ִͷʱ빬ŷ׼ϵʳ
֤
ЩŷﵱĶ֤
ۣǶŷɻû뿪𣿡
ŷĲ˶ͷǰмֻ뿪һٷĹ򡣡
ͷֿ֣ŷ԰һǽ֮ʱʱҲˡ
ͺ㲻Ϊ˵Ҹθܹܲͣͻ֣뿪һֻǾ̫ƣԳȥתһȦˡ
ô˵ûȥ԰ˣ
Ȼնش̲ס

ʵ۷صϢ
ǲҵˣ
ǣѾ˴˰ŵػ˶һ£Ӱưʱư֡
ʵ˴ϲ˵ĸһô󣬾Ȼڻʹɱˣ
ɨԱָ˹ȥ־㡣

˳ָȥָż֣˴󾪣Ƣĵģֹɿϲôɱͽ
ʵҲţô£˵
˵ִӳϽ£Ȼŷ׼ţö˶ŵġ
΢΢һЦ۾ŵ˵Ϊɱʱ䲻ڳʱîġ
С˳ȣôܣڳʱֻʦ͹ҩ
Ȳ˵Ϊʲô˵춫îʱΪĿմ¶ˮĺۼ¶ˮʱ͸ˣîʱٿЬϻд԰еķݵĲҶֳûקĺۼɼڴ԰ģʱڻ԰һǺǸԼõ˼棬Ǹʯͷ
С˳㲻ˣڳʱһʦ͹ҩҰҩϾҳȥˡ
ﷴʣǼǰľںܰ㿴ˣȷʦ𣿡
泯ǽţûС˳ŵýͰͣѵѵ˲ʦ
룬㲢û׶춫Ҫҩתɣʡ
С˳ŵһûмʦˣƽСү˵ھʦҪҶҩʦ
ŭˣʲô˼˼ˣ

Ȼܳŵ˵춫îʱѾСүȴڳʱּϺ춫ʱ䣬ø첻ڳ֤ɣ
צȭڿ˵֣һֻƲ⣬֤أ֤أ
СүɤŴͿĨɱһС֤ݾֵϡȻ߹ȥͻȻסֵ󡣡ɡ
˶ֵ󿴹ȥֱһЩССûʲô״
ܸңֱЩô𣿡
ݴսô֪ҲɽҩŪġ
ɽҩմֱᷢǲϸżϵĺЩǲСմɺײݵĻģɺײֻîʱǰ󿪻϶îʱǰӴɺײݡɺײݵĵطֻһ
ͣһû˵ȥ˴̫ŵ°һۣŵ°һˣǰ̫ٳѲ˼ɺײݣ̫ϲڴ԰Ϫͤ¡
ת֣˵ûȥ԰ôЩֻɺײݲɵĺô£
ֻð亹ּʣѣȥ԰춫Լüľ㡣ʯͷҵߣҪƽСүα֤
ʵһӣôĵӡ
ŵһ򵹵ϡ

ֱˣҲֲסڵؿģģҵʱͷ̫嶯ˡ˲ɵˡ
ﶢΪʲôҪɱ
ұɱģ輰ҵʦǰĵӣҲʦ֣ѧʦȫ£ȴûѧʳĻ£Ϊʸݺʦʹʦ뿪͢ʦģһֱþӱܣҲԸͽܡԽ˵Խģҽŷżݺ⵹ˣԵºΣʦʦܲˣһʱŭ
ԣһ֮³űߵĴʯͷĺԣǰɣȥ˵Ҳɱ˵
ֿ޸ͣȴ˵ҲʦڶֻǣСүﲻ
ʵ־˵һ˵㻹֪ĶƸŷܹܣǿ㲻պãܼԼĵº
ԭ㵱˴ܹܺŷ͹ڦ硣û뵽ȴΪһ˽ߣ˱̫ʧˡ
ֻڣ޵ġ

ʵ˰ѼִȥѺоȻұˣСӣȻα֤Ϊʲôʵаԣ޾Ͱ˷䵽߹ȥһ
Ҫŵģ龭ԭٽʱҶ˷磬Ҷ˷˵ɱˣæŪȥ
ôС˳󣬳ȥҩʱϵСɴð춫ŪС˳ΪǸʱ춫ţԱֵĲڳ֤ǰɣʵۼʡ
ǡǡ
ʵһ˵ƫݲֿܱˣżһ䣺ááصĴ󳼣Ȼα֤Ҷ˷Ǹ쵰أ
˾ɲ˷ظЪˡ
ˣôɣϽʵˤ 



58  
 
 
һƥɿڽϿ񱼣һ嵽Ҷ
˲Ъֱ嵽ϷУС˪ˣˡ
ͥ˪üȻˣСҶڻԲѣ֪̫ҽ˵ĲѾ;ƿݵʱȫΣŲˡ
ϣҶ˷ڴϣԱߣλĸĨߣ޵۾סҩ㡣

סˣβ૵˵˵СҶѾˣҿ
˵ģ̫ҽ˵ġȥ̫ҽҶ˷ѹ˵һ꣬ڡͥ˪˵ȥˡ
ءľͷҺҶ˷磬ǴСʶĺѣԺܴһ棬û뵽ôҪ𡭡
СҶ֪ԼãͰź˺¡ͥ˪óŵСҶҵģҪҰæЩׯת£Ѿ̹ιׯˣȼŷɹְ꣬磬Ҫڻʹ
ԽʹࣺǼҲˡ
ô£ôˣͥ˪ףмһŵɫ䡣
Ҫ˵˽ϼԼ춫ʱ£˵˵ﲻʱ˰ʵѾѼΡ
ɱ˻᲻ﰡһݴʵ
ǷծǮɱ˳ģôأת־סͥ˪ʣСӲǹӶ࣬취
ͥ˪°ͳ˼ĬϢֻнϴӷͬ

죬ͥ˪ˣҪȼ֣ǡ
ʲô˽ŵؽ
ǣ˲Ǽɱġ
˶ʧˣʲôѽԼɱˡ
ͥ˪һࣺۿĲһģ׶Ҳһġֵļ˺ѣײеŴʯͷԴݺҵô
˶˼ԼֵΪˣʵݺݾʯͷңȷʯͷҺ춫ˣһˡ
ͥ˪սȭͷԱ˵ߣȥ鿴ֳûΪ
ŶҲС˪ȫָˡβһ
İɣҵͬѧм̽ĳƺŶʲôˮһסͥ˪ţŸͷ顣

Ȳ鿴·ֳϪͤ£ɺײӭҡҷǲһţ⼸ݳ˼ֽ԰֤ݡ
ʬѾ̧ߣͥ˪ڵϸ顣
ʲôҿûʲô
Ƥе㲻ԾǱʲôץƵġѵǡͥ˪۾һȥ鿴ʬ壬ҲµûʬӦкۼ
ʹˣǲͣڹģʬѾƵһ

ź춫ʬֿͼֶҼļݵˣĵӣ㱳ڲƽϣ벻ˣѼֵҲȥˣҲñ˺ù
ͥ˪ļ磺ʦҪѹŵ˻ҪúõĻǻ뷨Ӿȼֵģġ
Ĩ˳ͣʬͥ˪ϸ۲ߵ˴ͷӣָһ˿һŹ¶ظ΢Ц
ɫɣϽʣǲǷʲôˣ
ȻϣҾ˵ôƵ˲ôײеġ˭أ˪ֿʼ°ͣȥɡ
ΪĴʯͷѾƱΪ֤ݣϡ
ͥ˪ʯͷϸ˿һϸСʵû˴ɨôϣ
ҿﲻϣʯͷϱϡ
ͥ˪ɫޱȳء

²֤ʲô𣿡б΢ЦǣһĨЦ⡣
ͥ˪Ťͷȥӡ
̽Ĵһͥ˪ҲһĨζЦҺʧ
˵ʲôԼ̽Ϊ֤ݡ
۰Ͱͥ˪˵Ҫ֤Ŷ
֤ݾϡͥ˪򾲵ط̽ݼϵĺ϶ɱ˺춫ѵûߵָ׷𣿡
˵ʲôɫһ䣬һ¡
ͥ˪ʼֳĲƤָץĺۼ춫ָҲвƤ˵һºû嶯֮ʯͷˣҲºԺ춫Ժ˹ȥһ˹һ˵ͷһֳŵأʱһ˸һ
־ϲС˪ҲԵ̽ˡ

ˣⲻֲ֤֡Цһ£˵ĵʯͷˣǱǳʦǻӵǻǵҪģһʯͷͿء
춫ʱûܿǼֲһ£룬Ǹ԰طƫƧ˭û»ᾭ֮ɱˣ
˵Ҳеͥ˪˵ǣĴɱɱˣ϶һһҼ£ȷŻȥԷѶϢ¶֡
ûɱ⣬ֻһʱ嶯ʯͷˣô춫Ѫʱһᾪʧߣ˵ĵűѺٲһ¡

ﲻòҲòϣиɻǣ˭Ҳףֵܲ˵ģϾʯͷˡ
ͥ˪ĬˣֳΪѵɫ۲ɫʣǲѾ֪˭ˣ
ͥ˪ЦҲµ˭ˣ˵ڡ
˵˭֣
㣬һѷװ˴£ǰУǽҷʡأ
ҲΪˣתͷֵѾȥʱˣǸ̽϶ϱȥˣô죿
Ҳ֪ô죿ô죿ͥ˪ŵת
ʱʵ۵ּ̫ͥ˪ɫãҲʲôҲ֣òŴּ̫ʵۡ

ʵûзϻֱӷʣ˵²֤׮װ·ô
Ŷǡͥ˪Ϊѵü
˵ҳֲ֤֤ףǰɣʵϲɫϣֲ֡
ǵģ֤֤һ²ûн춫ֻһ¾ŵߣߵԴϵ˴ɼס
˵˭ʵۼôߴ١
ŵؿͥ˪ȭһ亹

֡ǡǡͥ˪ҧҧ׼˵
ʱ̫ϣɽ˾ԱҶ˷м
ͥ˪ͱɫҰ׽һ
ʵۺǵķӦҲʣֻ˵
Ҷ˷ֱ˵ϣɱ춫ĲǼ֣ġ
ڳˣͥ˪͵סˣô£
˵ġģô£ʵ۾ȵתͥ˪Ҫ͡
ͥ˪̾һֻʵ˵ϣ׵ȷҶ˷磬˵춫Լü棬ģͰԸԭ¼ֳԿû뵽һ֮ʯͷˣȻ󾪻ߡֲɱˣδȫԺ춫ҺûһץŲƤŵҶ˷״Լֲʯͷһ£
ǣô֪
ϡ
ţϣʵ㲻ˣ˵ô¡
ǿΪʯͷ˼ֻϣϲŵʯͷϵζ˹ȥ
ʯͷôģҪ˵ʵ۸棬еشߴ١
һˣĺ溬Ƿݣɱʱ϶ǽŵģټȣȻູʯͷʯͷȻմ˺ǷݵĺҺϻѭζʯͷϣˣ֢ߡ
Ҷ˷֢
ûѾ˺ڣӡز⿪
ʵ۳Ĭһ˵йɱ˳ģǹҹԱɱˣﲻˡ

Ҷ˷ȥѺΡʱҶ˷翴ͥ˪һ⣺Ҳף᲻˵ࣿ
ͥ˪Ĭˣһ˵һģֻһٲҲҪ
Ҫ֪˶ôᰭۣ˶ôʹ޵£ҲûȨݷ֮ϲк˵κ˶ûС
Ҷһĳᰭ£ɱôǴвɱ
Ҷ˷Цһ£˵öԣͼһϧˡ֮鷳㿪ҪϧŵĻᣬúûȥ 


59棨֣  
 
 
̲ɭڰǽմŷڵѪصĶطɱ˷ŻͽԼĹԱηʱʱҺͿԵ
ĵط˭ҲԸ
ͷһֵطǵСˣºڰ֮أȴ¸򶨵ǰš
ͨͷһη˿ǽڵϣŷùĵݣһҲ֪ǻ
Ǹ˴Сʳ֣ܹĿദֵطҲ֪˵ʲôãֻץŲͣ

ηŵ޸ͣͷ˵ûꣿ˵£ûˡ
˵֪ţһϲ˲ʱֳԨ
ҡҡתͷٿһۡ˾˵ļҲ֪˵ʲôá
Ҷ˷Ȼǽڣ뿴ûУģҲⲻյĵطҲҪŵ̳
ءҡֿԼôȻʯͷˣñα֤˵۵Ҷ˷类֪ˣóӦһƣЩδʵ֮ǰ˶

ʲôϵǺ춫˳ˣԳжΪһΪɱ˷ˡ
ĻȴԵ飬ָģͻǿ˱ʹ˵һ̣СүǶ취һġ
ҷǿˣô鷳õ⣬Ҳ˶áҶ˷绹Ǻ䵭вһ¶ȣǴﵽ涼Ѿ˵ˡ
ҪֻⲻһҲûϵ̳ϱͷָľȭͷһ㣬ңҡ
͵վͷҲصߡ
ˣһֱ泯ǽڵҶ˷תͷĬĬıӰֱҲûп־ͰˣֻͲᡣ

ֻصҶֻҶ̫̫λĸ׿޵һ㣬һȰοֶͥ˪ڶ˰СҶᱻΪģ취
ͥ˪˵ʲô취ɱ֤ȷ䣬ҲˡҪƽ£ǡ
ʲôֺͱһС
ͥ˪̯֣ա
ʧͲˣʲôϵ
ͥ˪˵ȽţôزΪҪβȡñͣȻ̱ڣתΪǰͷţ˵
ѽҶ̫̫һôû뵽أ
ƵؿҶ̫̫ܻҡ
Ҷ̫̫һشȡһᣬ򿪿˿ԭãԸ˵ȻʵΪ˳үӵ֮дµһʥּҶһֱϵӵܣֻˡмǣҲй¶үģҶҪһҧҶҵӵܡ
ϵͷ˻ɴүҶѪҾһһ˿ѱ
λĸ׽žľᣬ࿴һۣԷļΪ˾Ҳֻð۾Σƴһƴˡ

Ҷ̫̫óƵľɾᣬֵ˶ϲͥ˪̾Ȼǧòиõ
ʵۿ˾ᣬ֪Ҷ˷Ȼʵ۳ŵĹ֮ӣȻʵһ̲˵Ҷ˷زԣ¾Ƣ꣬Բɱˣ˴̷Ҳûʲô˵塣οȻʵּҶһˡк֮£ȴá
ּ̲⣬ɽ̼һȣΪ̡
ﷸĵصһǱຮ֮غȵأҶҶ跨ټϻʵ۵İʾ̲оᷢΪϡ

Ǭ幬ʵ۱ΧתһȦŹڵڵļ֣̾˿˵治ֳ£ֲʲôĴΪʲôһ̣һָƵķأһʱ嶯ɲصĴʱҲˡ
Բ𡣡ֿŵĽש̧ͷ
νѵԺ֮ǰϸһ롣ŷϵܶʦ˼ˣֻϣԺú£ŷܺãͲ嶯
ʮھΣͷллϵΣֻҲٵûأջس׼Ҵְ
šʵЩã޲ƽ㷸˴Ըٸһλ㷴Ҫְɣ˵֮ǰҪô׷ǰ;
᣺Ҷ˷类ϣزΣûжÿɻ֪ܲܳŵʱһ̣϶׼
ʵ۾ˣĶΣȻ˻ܾԴвϹʿ֮磿֮˸ж

·ӣҶ˷һɵ΢Цеĸ׺͵ܵܡ
Ҷƺ۾ȰοڼҺúТĸףҡ
Ҷ̲סĨᣬǿǣһЦ˵ģңڼҲĸһչġ
Ҷ˷翴չϣҲܸмͷлˡ
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