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Ш

֨һ̶˳޺磬ҷ𣿺ǺǣҪ˶3ʼýȥûѰֻӿɡ
ҶȱںΪʲôҪô˺ѷΣеء
ҹĽֵζǽһΧסڲ120ڸ̾εĽ֡
ҶԲ𡭡һĻҵǣÿࡣůΪʲôҵĻǾú䣬䡣
ȱҡҲ롭˺Ѱʹ޷ٴǰֻǾúۣ䣬˯
ҶҰ㡭
ҵһƬڰа޶ײҵʱսˣһҺȻʲôǲֵãȱǳٵİǳٵġǺǣҲˡ
ȱŻѾûˣ£¶˿ʧʱ·ͣˣȫ羲ķ·ֻʣţʺѪ̼񾭣Ҳʹġ˶˵һҲʱˣҶ㲻𣬶ԲҰֻǷֵ̫ˡ
Բ𡭡ԲҶҲҡҡԲ㣬۾ȱĪıбҶͣĵͺţһʱӿǰһڡ
6µıǴů˿̵վȻƮѩȻ·ɺɺǱͻעھȻʱ׷ɢȥ
Բ𣬲ͷʧѪ࣬ڵҽԺʱѾûˣڰ
ЩˣЩ¾ǵˣǳһ
ҵ㰮ҵ˺þãȵҿɺɺ١ļ飬˵ȴ˭ֻ֣ʱ䣬ûĸոպá
ҶҶḺ㣬ҶΪҸŮˣ¸С
Һ䰡ôˣѵ۾ҵѽҼǵҲڿѩİŴŴѵ˵ҴԽˣţô׵ҲҸϣ
䣬ֻм򵥵İ裬ǲǺ׵ĴĸܳķŮˡ
Ϊʲôô˵һأȻªӴӿȥ֪ǸŶԺڶȻǴ˼ҾȻ˵еѾ߶ûСʺعɰͭɬۺ㣬ò˵ף
⻰
һοģϣҶ֧Ŷ


һ  

ھǰų۾ԼԴ֮⣬Сӣҿڣѩ쵰֮ǰ߰˷ҲȽϰ͵Լ˸΢
˵ҶûôġǸоտյļһƬˣȥҸ˵ɡ˶ãӺö
ƿţֻŽ׵˿ºͷɫƽ廨ЬվֻһԺɤӣȿȡû˰˰
˴Լ5ӵʱ䣬һλɫ˫ѾٵС˹þȵҡССС㣿
ѵҿ㣿һãȻĿС
Сˣ֪һߺһܿˡ
ܰεĿĸԶȥıӰֻȻݺȿˮɵˡصڸƺҵƬƬ~һˮûУҪҰ
ҵһ긾ŮļеҵĶ䣬̧ͷһֻһλ΢΢ɫйй˿ĵͷֵڴҫҵۡŮǸС
ڵʽλ֦չĸŮӦ˵֮ġ
תۼ䣬ŮѾҵߡ
ˣŮҶ֣˫۷Ứ
ĲϰòƽǲǾ͸װʧˣҡҵͷʹҡôʲô벻Ҷ䱧ͷһʹãȻ
ҿﰡȥɽҩˣܹվͻˡҶ
Ȼףòƻǰ鵭ůůģ˹ĵĸоá
֪ˣȥС׼Сˡ
ǣˡ
ѽںʹｻ̸ĹУҲ֪ҽҶǧȻͬͬգ15ִС5꣬Ŵ˵ӦǴ޹Уһҽѧң汲Ϊҽҵס˵6ǰһ˻޶εҶҲҵмҴڵ߽vϣ˼򵥵ҶǧǶڶӯҺ󲻾ͱȥˣɴһġ
ж½ʢƽ½ҪΪ2һϱߵɹһҴ3Сҷֱǳ³ʮ꣬ΪīʵīȻѾ٣ִڼҲһ
˵ûдʲôҪ÷ҪĹϣСұҲǲģٳԵñůֲùѪȷӣݴѹ


ڶ Ҳ˿ʼ

ſһˣڻݶԤĲࡣΪһΪտάƵĵһôڼּȴΪ˺ƵĴһ㶼ˡ˵Щʱˣ˷ûĹǴ䣬ǹ䡣Ҳûʲôرϰס
ҵֻܹԺӣſڵӾϵҽ´ã˵ǿԵģ˿ֻܹ8һܼҳ壬һ̣иϵæĴͱҴ֪پһˡôģ⼸ĵ鷢ҾǺԭ˯3졭
Ŀǰһ㶼ûԽС˵ŮءسľǸ˧һҲûУΨһһλ˳۵ԣǽֶүŮĸСӵĽĶӡ
һҽſָŲŶӣȻֻǰ45㷽үſڣһλ߳߰˴Լ20ҵӣںڵͷֻͷһߣ֬üĿ续µҶʱ֪ȥɫϺýīɫҫ˺һλ䷲ʹƺʹӴ棬һ˫Ӻһ۾ܿĵ
ףȻҲڿңҶǧʱСȵӾȻ10ף8ף5ףˣˣ
ء
ȿȡȿȡҶǧ۾Ļҳһû뵽λ˵˧ֱͦͦˤĽ¡
ƯƯ~ٺ١̧ͷͷĻҳҶǧɵЦš
үҸ˵㹫ƽػǲأôһλӾȻǸɵӣǰװ˷һҶǧһ߰̾һ߽
λӰϴˣתֱȥ
ӲҪ껶ˣء
Ҷǧʱһĺߡι~λ磬㲻רҵɣ
~ī޵ĸˡոźöӵĲ˶Χ˹ǧָָġ
úúã׸磡껶ǳ԰˰Ҷǧ˵
ǽ㣬ӣīһĿҶǧ䡣
ҶǧʱһߣӮˣǹ껶Ȼؼȥòð
껶Ҫһ𣡡īҶǧֱۡ
ոĸӶ·˵ʹţǿҩۿΧֵԽԽ࣬Ҷǧ˫ֲɤӺŶȥŶӲץҩһ£ֻһιеѸײڶ֮ĺ˶ӡ
͸̽ͷ׷Ҷǧ˴ĴָۼСȻ뺷
⻰
һ˧~


 Ҳ²нβ

Ҷǧĵ˵ͷתĿɿڴī鲻ԽЦ˳
ٺ٣Цˡī껻һɵɵЦš
Ҷǧ俴СèƵʱġжǻΪЦЦĿ޶ޡִЩĴƺĺů
߰ɣСӣҴȥϴɣ㲻ܽӣǧǧ㶼ԣҶǧ䶢ī껵۾һһֵ˵
껶ӸߣӴӲǽ㣡
ٽҾͲˣҶǧıȥ
ӡԣǧҴˣīί˵
Ҫס˰Žɡ
ī껿ǰǸСӣ۵׺Ȼһ˿Ц⣬תۼֱ޹Ĵ۾Ҷǧƨƨߵ߽ҽݵĺá
ҽݵĺҶۻ͵ĵطֻм򵥵λ黭Ҷǧˮں˲ӵݸī껡ֻŲһͨҲһúһƬһƬġ
˺ˣٲƤҪˡèҶǧһī껣һ߽ӹëΪĲ
ī껿ǰֿ˵񽥽ͻȻ©һġ8жûһ˿ԼôˣԼΪʲôԼأϤĸоɡ
һеܰĻ档ī΢΢üͷſڡ
˭أҶǧ䲻Ŀſڣֻһλɫۣһ糾͵壬Ž־ϲ
Ҷǧ̽Ե˵
ҵѽõûСҶߵҶǧץΪҲǳʱɽϲҩԭҶ40۽ǵѾˡҶǧû£ҶڳһſԺܾƲī껡Ҷ۶ʱһ𵫿ī껵ʱѸתΪЦ
ӴⲻүŮĸСӵĽĶ𣬽ôһ˳˰ҶۿīЦ˵ɫĽҶǧ令Լ
ʶҶǧҶ˵һݶʱ߼ҡ
ѽС껾үءˮȥ
ðɡҶǧת˷䡣
ߵүҶǧתȥҶī껹
ʱīһĵӣͷĴָĸָ̰Ҷҽαд˴ѽ?
⻰
ĸĿأٺ١


 ľԱ

ҶǧյͿСŲ˵Ӱûˮ
ӴС㣬ô˰Ҫϴ𣿡Ǹ40ĴһֱҶΨһСҲ۰мӡ
ǣҽأ˵Ҹˮȥ
⺢û׼ˮҽƽʱһֱˮѽһﲻͣ߶߶һΪҶǧװһȲ衣С㣬̣ȥͰɣ
æİҿԵġҶǧӹ˲˻ֱҽȥҽݵĺӵıԼҵԺӣҲǺԶӳߵҽݴԼ5ӵ·̡
ҶǧԽԽо߼˵ҵҵģС»߸ͺôأǱ֧ĸоѵҵҶǧҡҡͷʲô߰˼룬һС˵ϴˣȻòľԱˣôͨļôôĹء
ī껿ŴԴ״̬еҶǧ䣬ϲһ˿ĪЦ⡣Ҷҽոո˵ЩȰ㻹Ǻúɣ7ʱ䡣
үѾ15࣬Щ£¡
˼ѾˣֻҪһ𰸱áһҶҽˡī껲˹ڵϵҶֱۣ˳ȥ
Ҷۻݵʱ·ѹ100ʯͷһ㣬15ˣû뵽Ӳ˵׽Ū
һҶǧصҽݺãƿ֮Ҷһڵϴͷɥӡ
ôˣôһ˰
˰û£Ǹ껶үˡҶЦǿĻش𵽡ҶǧֵĿŵܾĶʲô⡣
үС㡣˺ǻȥԷվſں
ҽݵٵԷҶһֱĲɵġغҶǧʮֲĿԽĵһԲ㿴ҿĽˡգҶվ̾һҶǧ䣬طȥҽ飬Ҫ㡣
Ҷǧһ𾪵ĿҶۡ
үŸոպ˼죬ʱ˵ɡ۵Ȱ
ˣȥطɡظһݡҶ˵ձתˡ۵Ŀ˿Ҳ˳ȥ
Ҷǧε߻ԼԷ򿪹ӸҽԼǰ˺Ӳۡ͡ũٲݡ


  ү

ɫѾڣƵҫҶǧһҳһҳķҽ飬档λԭҶǧСϸģÿһҳ϶С׫дŵıעȻʱܿҵϺͷĲ࣬ʶҲܲ¸ࡣﻹвҶǧıʼǣũٲݵÿһҳ϶ӦĲҩ걾
Ҷǧ䲻ͣķţԺƺЩ֪ʶйϾֻǻ괩屾ļҲɴţﲻЩմմϲȻںá
Ҷǧһ֪߳Ȳ͵һ߻ŽҶүֵı֡˵ʱҶүӣԷﲻͣⲽƵһͷ󣬡үѽҲ֪˰ɣߣ֪ǵ춹ġ
Ҷ۰̾һڵضҽݼүˡ
~һظոժһֻƽ׹˵ϣŵҶۡү˵ʲô
15ˣΪǲˣ룬~Ǹǻǻ㲻
үô찡ˣô졣˵󲻽
Ҷۿٰ㲻ζǰλòĹѱӷ׵ĸˣӿʼԼûиһýȢһξ15ȥˡߵߣؽ뻳СضѹЩܿˡǧѾˣҴСѧϰҽΪгһûҲ
үظ㲻ࡣү׼𣿡
ӦǸˣϣͨһˣӡүѾҵǣֻ޶ȵı֤İȫ
ѾؾȿҶۡ
ģʱ8꣬ĳն뿪λ˽ӹдߣʱֻ̻һλѾΪĻʺƸĸү̫Ӳʱ⡣15ʲôǲ֪ڿī껻һʼװġֻ뿪ضҪˡϢɡ
ŴպܸɾҹԵøʵ̫ǹƽģǲκһˣֻҪ̧ͷķˡҶǧ˺þ벻Ȼƿͷˡ
СԺһúֵܴ4滨ã΢ϮŴЩ⣬Ҷǧ䱧˱첲һµĿŵ滨㡣ȾĿǲ¹ƮƮµ滨մȾ˼仨ıִĵӵֻȵȣҶǧ̸һ̾꼸α̾Ҳ찡


  ӱ

¹滨֦ӰīϣҶǧ俪شϨƣû֪ʲôʱĵģݵһĨ޵Ц⣬̾Ҳ𡣡ī껿ǰһۣﲨ΢ڽµ֦΢΢һ̤滨ȥһ΢ḧ滨Ƭ滨ء
Ҷǧ˯ڴ棬˵ûаȫе˯ˡҶǧӴڶûôģһ磬Ҳ뿿Ӹĸ˸ԵļͥʼҶǧ俪ʼѧ˽ܣҲͼ˵ĲջǱʵܣʵĸܰҲչѧЦӭ˾ʮֽӽ1ȴֽӽˡǶһ˵κ˶顣
Ҷǧ䷢ͼǿԷʱʱĬĬ轣£ĿĬĬط˼ᡣ
˵Ҳִ֣Ҷǧ鱾ͷθ֫⵹һԽӡҽеԭɣҲʹҶǧҽ۷ʵĹס
գҲҶ´ѧϰĵ죬һҶͬҶǧһҽݡʼʶҩץҩҩԣûʲôǵãҶҶǧ˰ѻ˵ҲһϤĸоóʲôʲôҪۺҶǧ䷸ѡ
Ҷۺɸֵ£Ҷǧӵתĵڶ񣬵ɽץҶǧʱǱһ׵⽹ۡ˵ѧʱҲʵ飬õĶרֳС󡣿ҶүץĿҰĺӣôץĿҶүӣתٳʱһ仰ҩ
ҼҺԺȥԼ1Сʱܵɽʱɽ֮һλȫװŮӣÿһ󶴵Ķڷ˾׼õġġ˵ҶǧҲǸ⣬֮Ķ¾·ɶꡭ
ſ̺Ի󣬱ڲݵԡůůģʹ˯ʣҶǧԺ˯ˣһΣԼȻҲץһֻŤŤƨɻñӵһۣҶǧһӣܣ˹ȥץ󣬽ܣٺ١ףָֻвġģ
Ҷǧ͵۾һŷŴԼǰԼ˫־Ȼ˼ҵѽҶǧϽſԼצˣҶǧ̫죬˶ͷײײǡ


 ӺС

ǧ~ʹīŶͷίĿҶǧ䡣
Ҷǧſ˾ǰǸɵ껶ίСҶǧ䲻ЦЦȥĶͷɵӣ𣿡
ٺ٣ˣǧոΪʲôӰ
ܸܲԼμץӰɣΪǺӰӣ
ٺ٣껶ǧĴӣīɵЦΧҶǧתȦůůϣŴЦݡҶǧҲůůģжûпôЦ˰
ӣôһ˳˰ܵɽˡ
껶ǧ˾ȥҽ㣬㲻Ҿͳˣ·ߵˡ
ҶǧŽżī껵ͷͷ˳Ư˿һɢڱϡԺ棬ȥҼҽݾͺˣɲܰ
ī껺ݺݵĵ˵ͷȻ˺ݶһЩ壬һҶǧĺ档ǧ䣬й
йҶǧ˳īָķ˹ȥϸһԭϹˡϲ˹ȥӽβȫһһֻҶǧīҫƵû˻Σī껶ʱҶϵǧڲͬȻΣȴװһµǧ䡭
껶ҵˣǻؼҰɣ
ǧ䣬껶ؼң껶ǧһ𡣡ī껵ͷƲ졣
ڿɲˣҩֻаʱĹЧٲȥЩСӸˡ
Ǻðɣ껶ȥǧ𣿡
԰ھͻؼҰɡҶǧ5ֻСӣǣšӡӭؼҵķȥ
ӵֺܴܺĻ΢΢ı룬ī˵ҶǧĺСȴץԼĳһҲƺץסˣĸоī˵İԾĻܶĳһָ֪олӡ
Ҷǧīͻүңүһī껸æҶǧлϹϾĸīīúҶǧ˱үݡŵһа껶ӣĲȥͰɡ
ллүүīҾ˿صү˵ӣϵڱ»ϣ3ǰλүͼÿԼҵǣ˵Ҫס챾үԸ˳־һӡү50˻ûôǮء˵ǽǰ⼸ԺǴ´డ
үҶֻǽҽûʲôһվī߻㱨šֻƤĽ˶仹һ彣
Ӱµ˼š
ǡ
ҶۣҪװʲôʱ


ڰ  Ѩ

ҶǧүںԺĵҶǧǵһνԺСӣҩҽ顣
һˡ
һֻʣµŽɡҶվһƵǰҶǧ˵
Ҷǧ佫һֻ󽻸ҶֻۣĽųƽϣ̶ֱ֫ʱѾ˹֨֨ĽиͣҶóѸ3룬ʱһ㲻ˡ
⡭Ѿ𡣡ҶǧվҶ󲻽ʵ
ҲãҲգֻҪѪоѨλеѨλ108ҪѨ72Ѩһַ˺壬36ѨѨ׳ơѨ36ѨѨƽĦκβӰ졣νΣƷΪҪѨַ顢ѣѨֽоŸѨΪ36ѨУΪɱ֡ʹáס𣿡Ҷһ߽ţһΪҶǧʾ36Ѩ
Ҷǧ俴ϵų鴤ʡ˷ŵһ亹
סˡ
ˣϰɡѨλúѨλмԺʲô£Ҫ36Ѩλ˵꣬Ҷ۱˳ȥ
ʱҶǧ䱼ںɽԺ֮䣬ҲΪҶүץ󣬰ÿ5ֻ3ֻٶȥ²µҶǧ䶼ҪƵˣǾסô
Ҷǧ䡰桱һصصԼСԺһĨӢͦεӰվ滨¡ģĬĬء¾ãһڵҡָоůϲ
ǧ䣬껶ڵ㡣ī߽Ҷǧ䣬ؽҵķ˿ϸСĶҶǧһ¶
ҶǧһЦֻӣҸѽ
ǧ˵ˣ껶ǧʱȡ
Ҳء
껶Ҳȣɵɵг˼ᶨ
ɵ~Ҷǧ΢΢þīīǧ˿
껶ɵϣī껾졣
ã㲻ɵϣǴӣҶǧЦ
껶ǧĴӣٺ١
ҷ˿ίּᶨĿҶǧĪָоϲϲö࣬ǰ̫ءҸţûҺҸȻֻһĨǣмңиĸֻճңɵɵҵĴӡֻҶǧһ˵Ĵӣ


ھ  ҹ

ҶǧֻǰĴЦȴһ˫˪ĵǡҶǧĬĬΪī껰ѹĳ֢ںɣ̾˵Ū˱ΪնΪݳգ˴Цԡ
繳ǵ㣬ҶǧѾʼܹᡣʱҶȴүſⲽǻ֨~ľſ˺ҹļžүȥ˵Ӱںҹͨš
ҶۻģŽӰ߽ӡ
Ҷۣߵү
Ҷҽ˵Ӱ
ǣ
ҶձĿǰϸϸƷī껡
Ҷҽҹãνѽѵ𰸵ñǾϲԤڵǰһѽͳдЩ
ҹ߶ŵүʵáϴδҴһ𣬻δüϲүղȬ
ŶҶҽ˴ǰΪ˹ϲǸɵ𣿡зâ¶Ҷ۲һæ
񲻸ң15ǰүףѳΪǵ꣬ԵϲΪаԽ֮ġ
Ҷҽ̤15꣬ȴ࣬15ǰ㣬Ҳһλ˴ԼĺҽʱĳҲҶҽǷİɾΪΪҽٵҶңҶ۵ˡī껽עҶۡ
үǽ֮˶Զﴫö²ǿ˵ǰֻүŲСŮ
ǣīЦһǧ䣿ƺϲͱһ𰡣Ҳмɫ˼ǰڸȱ檡īĿ
Ҷ۵Ӹøˣæ˵֣֪̿ݵ΢Ҹү
ҪΪƾס𡣡
񲻸ңֻүҪƣҲֻΨһˡҶ۱̬ȡ
Ҷҽв𣿻ΪжôҪ޻̸֮Ҷҽ㻹һʱ䣬ǲĵ˵Ǿ͵Űϲ°ɡӰͿͣ
Ҷҽ롣
񣬸ˡҶεվ˳ȥ¹ڼ΢ϰҶ۲ŷֻľ˱
⣬һٵϣһһۡ
£Ѿˣǰ򡣡
ѰɾĵطŰɡ֦ͷһͳȻԵøͻأ
ǣү
ľҵȱ̫㡣


ʮ ҩ

С㣡С㣡˻ȥءһ磬֪˱վԺȥԴһСҲĽķ䣬˵ʲô˽˿ռֹڡֻſڻš
֪ˣ˭ôȼ֮ȡ֪˵İ֪ԺʱҶǧѾ˯Ƚɾڼ֪˵һд˯Ĵ
֪ˡҶǧ伫Ը˴֪˵̺´·
ƽʱЩ鶼Լģղ֪ʲô´ߵôݣΪҶǧ䱸㡣
¼ǴãҶǧ۷Ź⣬ںĨӵ
㣬⺢ӣôˣСƵáصЦһ߻ĵΪʢࡣ
һƾϵʳﱻҶǧһɨ⣬Ĵһá
ֵĵһۣ⺢ӣԽԽûˡ
~ⲻǶ~
ȥҽǰ˵ʹȥŴүҩȥ
ҶǧһҪȥطתתæͷӦð~˰
ȵȡæסҶǧ䣬óһ·Զ̫ȲҪˣһ·һЩ̲ú˰
֪һȥء
ؿǰѾͤͤĹеᣬȥ·Сĵ㣬ǵõҽҪ͵𡣡
֪Ҷǧ䱳ŻĲҽȥһֱĨӰֱʧҰвŷԼ棬ҵĺúӣһҪúûš
ˣôˣôˣһԵ֪˿زʵ
ز˲ͷ֪ˣûʲô֪˰Ҽ˶õĻˡ
طˣ8ˡ
лкˣ
ﻹүүһܵܡˣ㲻Ҫ֪߰ɣ֪æ
⺢ӣһһ궼˫ʮĴ껪ˣǾЩء֪˵˵
˶֪Ǽõģ֪Ǹмء
ˣ⺢Щʱûؼ˰ɣЩǮţҷ٣ȥ˾۾۰ɡ˵ű֪һЩ
ллˡ֪ʮϲĵл
ؿſտյԺӣȻˣطôԭΪ԰ֻǳ밡
ضѾˣҲжˡ
ؿǰҶۣ᲻֪ʱȻ¡յͦѱıɣ컯Ū˰


ʮһ  ˭

Ҷǧ䵽ҽݺ󴺻ѱҩſڵţֻҶΪһλ˺ͳıӰ˵˰漴봺ˡҶһֱûлͷֻһͷͻ̫Ըᡣ
򲢲ǰֻ֣Ϊĵش峿ļɼǡʱҶǧվһҿջ¥£ںĴǰְ̼գ֪˶Ե·խ·խԵ˶࣬ҶǧоʱһӰסߡ
ֻĽ˶һõĺɫ˿н˿壬ҲǶȡΧƺһֺڰζ߽һҶǧʱһ˭ΪʲôôϤΪʲôôܡ
ƵһӣüĿͦıӴ߷ı΢΢ţȱ˼ѪɫҶǧ߻߹ʱķһɵҩ㡣
һ£ҶǧȻڽס
ʲôˣ˵ǰĿҶǧ䡣
ң񡣹𣿡
Ҷǧ̿ˮ֪ôش𣬾ԼҲ֪ΪʲôҪסͷڰ׷۾תתȥȻ̧ͷָ㣬в
Ҷǧ˻һһϯ˶ʱ˼룬󵨣ȻҶǵүԲѷҴ򣡡ƾҪͽ䣬ȴ
˵ûɼȷһ˫۰ң°ɡ
˼ҲġҶǧ޴˵
С㣬С㣬׷ˣ߰ɡҩ˵
Ҷǧ俴ʱѾˣλӣһ£ĻһƲ
΢΢ȭãĪ룬͹ˡ
ûϵҶǧ˰֣ҽҶǧ䣬Ҿ˰˵Ŵܿˡ
Ҷǧ~ǧȻף仨⣬ˮ顣֣Ī뿴ҶǧȥķĪЦ⡣
£²ףŮӳԲѷΪβ½ѵѵվСʵԭ˱ǵλ˰
Īжʱһ˿⣬еڶҽ𣿡˵գ㾶ֱ¥һ˼Ļ
ʱ֣Ҷǧ봺ѾŴүңŴүҷֺҩĴ㰤ҰȥҩˡҶǧΪյġϰСͱҶ۶ġҶǧ䡱˵ѾСһˡ
ôһ죬ʡ˲ٹʱһҪúøлһҶүӣСͶҶǧְֵḺ̌ˣȻ˵Ĩ꣬Ҳ桰Ҷǧ䡱úñġ
⻰
ڶ~Сӹλ;Ϲ


ʮ 㵽˭

үӿǰĺӣĸ˸Լ׻ĺӡ
ǧ䰡ûȥү
ҶǧãĿŴү
ң뵱꣬ÿ󶼻Լһ壬ʱСǵң˲ˣ·߲˶Զˣ֪𡣡Ŵү׷䵽
үءݵĶҲءҶǧ΢Цš
ŴүһɻݵĶӣʶ50ˣھһӣ20ǰ͢ӱҲˣǰЩҲȥ˵ҲûʲôݣǸ˰ʲôãǰƣǺǣ˵еѽǧ䣬Ҳżȥǧ䣿ŴүŷҶǧ䡣
ӣ˵үĹŮġүү˵үүֻһӣҶǧһʵ
ǰ
ҶǧȻܵſںؼңͷŴү˱𣬱ȥѰˡ
һǿҵĲϮҶǧ񾭣ΪʲôҪƭң뵱һۼʱĴŵȷӵġ׷ʲô£㲻ƭҰɡԽԽ£Ҷǧ伱ػŴ
СС㣬ϣﰡһֵҩûءԴӤʵϲϸ
ҶǧҩһԣŴͳڵķȥˣǻؼȥ
ڸϻȥ춼ˣ̫Σ˰ɣ
߿㣬ȥҶǧеĲԽԽǿңµĲҲԽԽ졣һμС㣬һ仰Ҳ˵ͷҶǧؼҵķȥ
ΪոϻȥҶǧѡһҲֻ߹һεĽݾСûʲô߹ӲݴҶǧֻǼţӲݻ˽ҲȫȻ֪Ѿɽͷ̫̾үĪҪˡ
Ҷǧ봺ϵʱϦɫ谵ſڵĻȴԱն˲٣߽һسǵʿҲƽʱ˺öࡣߵſڣʿǺʱ
λ磬İգ׼ǻؼȥи㡣һЦ˵һʿЩ
ʿʱüЦȥɣһˣ֪ش˳ֻ
Ҷǧʱһ𣬴ӣС~
ǻؼҡ
ֻǺǡ㵽ʲôˣʲô£Ҫ㡭


ʮ ү

ʱҶΧعٱΧţſվһŻӹ׵ӣһʵס˴ֻ촽°ͣ毺õĴ°²֪Ĺ⻪
үҶʵҽҩݣûʲôֵơƾһЩСëνҳݣҳݡ֪رϹϾĹӷ׵ӣһĵ˵
Сë֪شˣ治ΪһĸٰЧñĿ࿴ͳ˲
֪صøˣ׸ҲƺΪŶ¡¹ٲҡ
µ΢΢һУһᡣ֪شкβңݵӣҲʹİؼϿɺá
֪ˣү鰡¹٣СԺһֵأ֤Ҳᷢˡ
Ժ󣿺ߣ壡Ըȥڽ֪ԸԸ걨ȥ߽һﳤάϵ߽հΣһҪӱޣҪڽһƬġ
ǣ
үҪүڽǰˣ˵
ˣﳤһ̣ǰ֪صļҾһǲɢƱȫ乫гŲݺӵϡ
һӹٱѸִصڽٴڼеİҲ׷͸ŷ찵ֽкãڽԴƾɽ߻ʵԶչڼ֣ʱʱǲʿҰȡѡҪű߾óףӻȽϸԣҲֻŭԡ
ӻͷ˿Ҷңսȭͷ
үˡһӴӺڰ˳Ե˵ϸһǽӰүүī껡
д˵ī15ǰͳ3ǰŻصУӴԺʾˣߵ˭ûмĿҲеǰȥͳͳȥ޻أںһα߽漱֮ʱսĻ˵оʵմýʮǱ˵īȥ̣κ˳ղһһĺù
ţԸӰǺء˵뿪ʱһŮ˺ҹļž
վסҶǧ亰
󵨣ү¹򣿡ٱҶǧ
Ҷǧ俴5֮ԶĵӣȻһ˿ĪϤСī껽һپĿҶǧ䣬һ
⻰
ڿʼɰĴӾû~


ʮ  ¹ڣ

һԵĴѹ˵ϣҶǧһסʿȻֱνүδȷ֮ǰҲܹ㣬һðҹӢүȴ㣬үǺûӡҶǧһλ˵ࡣΧĹٱ׷׿ҵŮӣΪĵһѺ
󵨵񣬾ҿڳԣһٱҪγ嵶Ҷǧȹǣš
¡һ£ҶǧĹٱѵصȥ
ͬڴӵĵůͬĪȻеûжôۣȴ˲
˵ĵҲĲ֮û±ȥɣٴȥⲻҹ֮ˡ
СŮӾؼҵģֻǲ֪ǰҼΧסν¡
ǡ˵Ŵ£ǰ鿴
Ҷǧһ漴ܽԺӡû뵽뿪һյʱ䣬ԭܰļȻҲλٱŸеۼҶǧʱ˶񣬡֪ˣģڼѰǵӰۡ
ī껿ǰ潹ѰҵӰеǷ꣬ˣˡ
仰Ҷǧס˽Ų˵ʲô
ǷԾģ˽Ǻ˺ɽīƽƽȫȻһ²ؼӡ
ĴϢ̯ſʱ·ͣ˼룬ī껲ʱҶǧ䵽ʲôվû죬һֵǵȻͷ
ҶǧȭͷָҲȫȻ֪һ˵ȥ
Ӱǰ·Ҷǧīɽȥһ·˭û˵һ仰ī⿴Ҷǧ䣬ֻʬһ㣬ͷֱͦͦǰţҶǧīԽ
±ڱΣ΢ϰϰսСꡣҶǧ俴Ұ鲼ĺɽһķأһЩԷǰˮˮ¡߾Ҷģֻ̌ĹıĴʹȫÿһ䣬ֻشҶҶ۷֮Ĺʮ괺
һλҶǰιĴϳҶǧ䣬ҿĺӰ~ְ˵˵Ҷǧ˫۽ؿűϵ֣ȻĹһƬŢ֮С


ʮ  

ԽԽ˵ţǴʪﻹǺġǰİҲ׷ɢȥĵĴΪҶǧ£̾һҲŴˡںϸϨ·˺ҹһ绮ҹմƺڰֻŢеҶǧߡ
Ƹһƾɵưôиʲôãī뽣ӰվҶǧ󣬶ϰ֮ǽµɸˬ
үӰȰ裬īһ֣û˵Ӱˣĺһԡ
ҶǧʮָܷܷźҹİݵͺһҴűΪʲôΪʲôҪ˲̣һδüϸϸһڵܰĶȡǵѵҶǧӵмͥů
ԣԾǺǣǲŵģǲҶȥģǵ¹ڣЦһͲˣҾͿʬҪˣҪʬҶǧݺݵĨһȻȥĹոһȻͷĿѣȥʧȥʶ֮ǰϡһůĻ𡭡
һֱעҶǧī껺ûһ㵹ȥһ˲īҶǧȵĽסʶģ֮Ҷǧ߽һ䡣ī껲һѾͷʱȻ˵Ҫ𡭡
ī껱ԵҶǧʩչṦٶȻҶң;һֱΪȡůصҶҴһֱҶǧеţҲǽ̫ۣǻʱȻſ˯ˣīԵ˯Ѩ
ӰȥպˮīĽҶǧڴϣԸ
Ӱֱϲ˲⣬ȴΥǡӰź˿ĨæµӰ̫ˣ⻹ǵĹү
ī껻ȥҶǧʪ£ҫ£һֻŷɫǶĹ⻬ǰ15ҶǧȻûзȫȴڼŮɵζ
īޱסһƬ⣬Լһֲûʲô⣬ֻǱ˹ȼŻ赹
īڴעҲůЦ⡣ȥҶǧ۽ǲдۣѾͷΪʲôƫƫأܹǻһءڵһǲǿû㹻ȥ̹ףǧ䣬Ҫңī껸Ķͷϧһǣǧ䣬ңӵ㹻ʱػΪҸŮˡ
⻰
еæûкúø£͸Ǹ~ղŶ


ʮ  2

Ӱˮ㿴ôһ棬վſڲ֪Ǻá㲻ƽʱŮɫүôһ㲻ϾɫŮô¡ѲǼաաˣ
Ӱɡ
һεĽӰ˻ӰӲͷƤ˽ȥ
үˮպˡ
ţǰɡǰԴᣵī껣˲ҿ治Ұոλˮӽ
ӰհŽﳤСī껽˽Ӱһɫŷ⡣
ǣүһ²
޷
ֻһ߳СΪүҪǸϳء
ī΢΢һЦȻֻһССı߳ǣȴҹó׵Ψһڣ򿴵ؽֵؤߣһԱ߽ĳзɾ裬ô֮ҲͲԶˡ
ӰʱȻ򣬱ΪүֻΪΰиҶС㸸ĸ˫ԲŴòȻΪ˰ܹҵȻǶ˵ݣֻԼ֪ǺҰ
겻֪ʲôʱѾͣˣɢȥʱ֡ī껻׿˿ɴеҶǧ䣬ü΢΢һءǼ˴𣿡
Ѿ׵ү
ţԸȥ׼ˣЩӹλ֪ɻáһĨЦϡ
ҶǧԺ˵ԴģʼûֻԼˡʲôġ
峿͸ӣԵøʡȸ滨һз·ԵгáһֻҪһֱʲôõġ
ˮ~ͷΰ~Ҷǧͷ۾ңҲȾ˷纮Եʰɣѵĳӡ
һ΢˹ŴߵҶǧ˹ȥҶǧ䣬С㣬㻹𣿡ۿһ˫۾ֺס
ͬ㲵ĴҶǧ䲻һοû£ȥҵˮɡ
š
Ҷǧͬ꣬6ǰӾһѰף˺ôþŵ֪Ѱ䲻Ļ伢ȵǡ˵´ãҶ۷򸾱㽫æҽݡҶϷΪ˺ƣԴҲ̱ѽ׸ĸҶҳ˴£ͬٵĴһβʹĴ


ʮ  

ǰǿű˻ҪչԼĴҶǧһκԼûáŴֺ߲ۿͬ15껨˵ĲŴֵ쾡¡
طִӲˮȻµģ˼ǰöҹСյģԼȴ˯˶ʱѵͷˮݸҶǧ䣬ԲС㣬մ˯˾СЩ
ڵͷˮҶǧ⻰Ȼ̧㲵ӣЩ׼𣿡
ǰ
~ҵ·Ҷǧʱɴ˫ۣѱҲ˭أҶǧ丧˸ͷҹε֮ǰƺһůĻУֵЩζִĲǱˣǴӣҶǧ䱻Լ뷨һ
ｻҵİأҶǧŴӽʵ
ҷˣСȻȥáߵԽǸȡ˳СֻŶǶӣĴӹóһīɫֲȹһҶǧ䡣
Ҷǧ俴īɫһ𣬷·ʲô㶵С㲻һС㣬ʰȥ׼Եġ˵ŶȥܳԺӲŸ͵͵ĨᣬӳµС㶼ԵôôǣԼСǰˡ
Ҷǧ俴žһī£˫ۺ׵Լһһͷںڵķ˿һȫһβ¶Ķͷ˿ࡣ˸ͷٴλһУǸүȥԼ̫಻
ȻҶ۷򸾲ҶǧĨĸ˷ǲľ飬⳯ϦĽһµİǾ׵ˡڳ˴һֱԼ⣬֪ˡ塢ȫڣ
ɻأҶǧüʹ̫ѨǸϡҶǧæ˰֮ЩɢƱĿȻҲСƱ»һţҶǧʱһ
ŷ⣬Ծǰ
֮ŮĪţĪǺȥʵ֮٣ĪҪԹˣҪǿĻȥ
Сϻϲ15Ǵ㴦òװȴ֮١䣬˯3ұ֪㲻ǰǧ䣬ӴʦĻѳ档
15ǰѡػ㣬һֱὫػȥӣͨһĻȥ뿪ɣƾһҽıҲ⡣
һ֪ܣһҪԼúûȥ
ż٣Ҷۡ


ʮ 2

ẓ̵́ܶҶǧץסʲôֻһԿ϶ҶԸ뿪ģһ֪ԼҶǧ䣡
Ҷǧȼջ٣ָܵŷӦҶǧһЩֽң֪ҲġҶǧ䡱Ҳ˶ɱˣܣܶйأʲôأҶǧڰңǲûʲôջ
Ҷǧ˹Ҷǧ㶵ӻֲ֪οڡ
Ҷǧʳ˼࣬ŴվһԣʵԹ𣿡
ŶѾԹС㡣
Ҷǧ俴ֹĴֱ㻹׼𣿡
ΪСҪߣæھĿףСҪɴߡ
ĴԿ㻹Ҫ𣿡
ǣС㵽Ĵš
ɣһ㣬Ҫ¹򡣡
̧ͷ۾һ޴ĿҶǧ䣬漴СⲻǸԼߣǻæ
ԺҪʱߣ鲻ū澵ݣӽԺұǽá㲻ƭңܱң𣿡ҶǧŴʵ
ʱĴ棬С㲻ϴߣѾǿˣᱳƭС㣬ĸСԽư
ɣֻҪԸҶƭұãˣ߰ɡ
С㣬ȥģɻĿҶǧ䡣
ȥΪ㡣
׼ãҶǧ˷ǰĺɽľ£ҶǧܲЩҰ˷ǰֽõĹƷһһڿڤֽҲŹ
ҶǧܾЩԣߵȥ𣿡
ߣҲ֪һֱǳ˰ߣʬŵʱԽԽǶȥ˵ĲҲûһ˵˶٣ͷ漴˵ȥУ˵үͷ֮ǰܶҶҵĲˣжүæġС㣬Ҳ̫ˡ
Ҷǧ˼үô˸أһûгأЩ𰸾Ҫ֮ˡ
ڤֽȼҶǧصĿͷδܴҶǧúΪϾТڿͷϱ֤ҶҶǧúûȥϷġϷһӦǸνܣҲܸõıԼ


ʮ 

ȻҶǧĻҲļǿҲͬҶǧһͷүģúչСġ
Ҷǧ俴һĴɵûһЦص˵ȹ͵˵ټǡ
ƴӵ˱𣬻صۿС㱾ؼҵķߣʵС㣬ȥģ
Ŵүȥүˣ֮ǰ˵үʲô𣿡
ûа~Щ궼үһˣʱүˣȥ塣ȻʶԼүСѹС
ǣǰм껶𣿡
⵹ûУСҽҲ֪ˣүʱҲءү԰ƣΪСһֲҲûȥ
˵䣬Ȼү⣬ֻҽŽգٱŷſվŵҲ׷ҡͷꡣҶǧǰȥʵôˣ
һӻ׵үϵԾˣ
Ҷǧһ𾪣Ϊʲô
ҶһֱŽգƽͿҶҰţڹϾȻˣ糿ȥһȻѾϵˣһҡͷһ߅ࡣ
ΪʲôٱҲˣլӡ
ү壬ϥ޿ү˽˷ȥǶҲ˸ո·ǮҲ˹Էռȥһ˵үܵ˶Χ˹׷һ羴˵ү֪صȹ¼
ҶǧȺ˳֪ص£Ҳǽ紺ŸԼġүŸոյʱ䣬ͷô¡˲òеĿģԼ˵ݡ
С㣬Ҹʹˣ˵ǰǸԶ껶ˡ
ҶǧЦһôɰ~
ɢɢ~ѾΪУ˵ȲÿһòͷĹٱ˵
ܵǣһһ߽ɢ
λүСŮҶŹҶǧ䣬յ»δүл⣬үţҶǧ΢΢ɢȥҶǧԱźһԼãǹŴҲãִҲգǵİԶһµġ
ԭҶǧ䰡㲻ˣүڶ˰ɡٱ۾˵


ڶʮ ٱ

Ҷǧһ𣬡ллүСŮӸˡ˵űȥһڿֵǡ
쵽ʱԿһѵصԼʮ˻ȥΪ׵ɫĿīһɫۣһעĿϵĹԣšүүǧ꣡
ֽ̼ܵմţΨλүԼһñӡΨһҿջĶ¥ͷţĪڰЦſ档ϵī껣ƺܵһȵĹâĿǸȥʵä书߳Ҳӵ͸ۡδǰȥʱһĭٻӰ˳ǰ
~ʮͻŮӣͣ˽Ų
ˣүȥ·ĵʵ
Ҷģ̌ͷһī껣漴ȭҾΧİСﵨ󣡡ǣү¹򣬾ѧӵıȭҾ
Ҷǧ䣿ү·Ҳ֪㴥ʮеĴ󲻾֮ҲĽӰڵ
СŮ֣̿үСŮ˵꣬ٶҲ٣Ҷǧ䲻
ī껵ͷҶǧ䣬ˡԲ졣
Ϧ˷·𱻶һ⣬Ҷǧ䲻һãںɽҲǱһԼߡҶǧ߬ȭͷЩʹʵ
ĴҶǧ󵨵ľٶȵסͣС㣡㶵Ⱥ档
Թŵһקק½ǣ¡ŷӦæȥɪɪĿһ˾Ǽղ֪ˣ֪˽㣿
֪꣡򴺻һĶ
Ҷģ̌ͷֱī껣ȭ˵СŮһֱү֮µл⣬ողŵ֪үҪǣһ뵽ӴԺ󣬱Ҳ޷үл⣬СŮֻõסүȥ·үԭ£ֻүСŮл⣡Ҷǧī껾һߵ¡ֵݸһϸһƵһ
ܵ׷Ͷӵ񣬽ȴĿɿڴ
īһ٣ӹǸ⣬л⣬һƬģ·֮±Ͳ׷ˣȥɡ
үСŮһ󡣡ҶǧѹСŮǰЩӶʧİĳһֻԺĴӡ֪үɷСŮһءҶǧһ˫סɫߡ
⻰
ϣҶ֧֣Ὠ飬ղŶ~ôô


ڶʮһ ȥ

˵ЦˣѵеݲҲҪ𣿡īתȥֱǰ
ҶǧЦ˫۸һĨСŮˡүߣСŮˡ˵꣬Ҷǧ˵һߡ
Ӱīս˻һһȥ
䶨Ҷǧǰϼһȥң¶һϺõԲο䡣һϣīֺȻǰײɫӣӵưɡ
ܵǷ׷ĴϵңﻹүʴȡҶǧǿƣī껣𣿿ΪʲôҪͬͦεģԼͬζһϲĻǹʶһ
һʼûҳأδ˼ĿүйذɣôҵĵأҶǧüͷīȥķţȫȻ֪һֱһۿһС
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ߣΪʲôҪ~īҵȴˣⲻû˱̫𣡡ĪϴĿǻǣһ޵Ц⡣
С㣡㻹ðɣ~֪봺Ҷǧߣ֪ҡųҶǧ䡣
Ҷǧعǰʱһץס֪˵ĸ첲֪ˣ⼸ȥˣ
Сһţ˾͸ҷ˼һؼˣҸսǱ˴£֪үͷ˾Ȼ·˵һԵĴҲźۿ
Ҷǧ֪˵֣οȥһˣ˾ҪúûţҪˣȻؼҰɡ
֪˿ԼʹѾͷȻС㰲οʱѵæҶǧȥˡ
īʮĹٵס˲ͷǸ챻Լ߬ıεġСӡһҶǧ滨½ģԼʱҪȴ˵ҪԼʦԼīεЦЦ㻹ǺܴΪ㻹ϲ~ٴλ׿ѿСг˸ӵ
үǱˡʺǱѾʼж~㱨
ǣôͲס𣿷Ը֮ǰﰲǡһٴοӱ޵·
صҶңһһԺӵˣҶڡЩ˼ҶǧⲻһڰҶǧҲۿ


ڶʮ ı

صҶһţԺ︣ҶڡһҶǧⲻһధҶǧҲۿ
һҶǧѴҶнڰôΪҶ˲裬òĴվҶǧࡣҿҶǧ䣬۲֪Ҫ
֪סˣվС㣬ֻҵˣϰǻ~
Ҷǧ΢ЦŴ֪˵Ļ֪ˣңҲǱøɸǲ˳ȥİɡܻĺܿģҲҶҾȥطıʱߣ¾ͰػҶҡ
ܼҳһ˿ڣϳүʱһֱСЦѽҶҵԼˣү˶Ҳ޿ޣԼҵĶŮҲѳɼңһˣС㲻ӣҴ󡣡곤ȴҲӲʣ⼸ҶңһֱŹܼҵĹҵҵ㡾ְؿνһְĺùܼҡ
ҲţҲǣôʱˣҿС㳤£ҲܣŽڹߣ˵ʲôҲܡ˵Ĩᡣ
ҲߵģүȵģСңҲߣһڼᶨͨ졣ĹСʱүүһ긣12ѩһֱղˡүүһ·Ĵҽյ˵´ſڣҶ۾ǣүүѸûڶ괺Ӵ˸͸Ҷ۴ŵ´á
ҶǧͷŲĬ͸⣬ֻ֪ĿŴҡ
֪˿ŴҶ̬ڰ׷Ĵ۾תתȥңҲߡ˵͵ŵͷҶǧ䡣
Ҷǧ²豭˴ңս񶨸֪˵ϣǺЦĿ֪˶ʱĵͷ
ҶſģôҲû˼ڵҶѾˣȻһػҶң游ĸеοҶûūֻм߻Ըġ
һҶǧĻĥ˼ҲǩѾллˣ˵Լ߾ߵأΪ˸ᶨ˵˼
ҲˣȥϢɣһȥҶǧ˵ֱ˳ȥ
忴ĨԵıӰ˼ǵ΢ЦŵͷСǴңү֮Ҳܰˡ


ڶʮ 滨䣬

صԼԺӣص滨꣬м仨ӿͷ
滨Ļֻж̶̲һµʱ䣬ѿҶǧ䳤̾һǰɵĲȥµĲûк尡дָĺɰ͸ĺɰ̼Ĵ񾭡
ĴһԺӵ滨а꣬ϸĵɨķήƵ滨꣬ҶǧĿŻڻҳз衣ǲǼǰ°ɣͬʱͬĵص㣬һĨϦ°Ū滨ӰǴʲôʱʼأϰÿЦݣЦݷ·İҩҳźǺ˺ȿ~Ҷǧüͷ
ͣ˶С㣬ȥɣһӾʰˡ
áҶǧӦһƳһΪһ̸滨꣬ҡҡͷ߽ӡϦ£Ժ㻮ɳɳʧҶǧ߾ӡ⣬ӨĹâʹۣСĽŽɰ˼ǧҵˣ۵ҲˡҵҪ뿪һ뿪ڣҶǧҧ´Ŀᶨ
գҶ۷򸾣һصҶҷ׷׸˾ְ´Ҳ¿ţ븣ҩƷ֪˽ӴɨĻȻһ£ҲΪ׼˷ʳһз·ֻص˵һЩеĴʻҲϬѡڲᡣ
Ҷǧڵ´ú÷ų˱ȻǰԼƵģҲѿĿĺϸ¡һ֧500Ʊ500൱10ԪRMBЩǮǵȫˡǰ˱ʽȫڴˡ
үĵ׺ߣү˶ӣҩģȻүѼҲˡһ˵
Ҷǧվ˱һһ˳壬壬ôˣۼҵ˼š㣡
ţлС򿪺ӿеƱ̧ͷĿҶǧ䣬ǣ
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С屧˱˳ȥ
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ҶǧӺóֻһĺӣԱһλĿ׳ץŸӣͼšΧȫ㵽һߡ


ڶʮ ´

ҪҪһֹǼӵϵȭͷ
С㣿һæߵҶǧߣĵƦͷĿţӾµġ
׳ǰŮӣһ˸󣬱ŰϷʵĿҶǧ䣬µģһëѾͷܸβð͸ȥů~
ҪҼСԲѷŲӺ
һĳСӣ˭ô˵ذһȥ
Ҷǧǰλ׳ʿȷ翴ôҪ
Ѿͷ˵ʲôţҶǧץ˹
ССģ
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ҶǧվţЦǰЩ⻤󣬻õ׳ʿγԣСŮڸβ
лһȦţշţϵһ룬ɸпѨλУкʧ顣С
Χǿƣ׷ǰͣյĵƦå񱻶һ˴һԵҶǧţеĴ磬ֻ˫۽գԼ40ɫήƣڴѣͷҲ麹ҶǧΪٻ
ҶǧȻЦЦߵţǰĲҲƹˣҪҩ
ţ۾ߣٴţˣβð磬´õƣðңҲͻˣ
ҶǧЦǣλ׳ʿǴʰĴогͷҲλ֮ˣܽκãұ֤Ҳ´𣿡
ߣţ˵ܽκãŵһ
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С׶Ǯˮ룬ʳд˸ţ׳ʿϣҩȥҩҶǧ䵭ҩһԣΪƲ
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ҶǧĬΪŲҿ겡ҩûȥ˼ѵ´õŶΧ˸ˮй֪ͨСôβġһ󣬴һ˳С㣬ҩˡ


ڶʮ ´2

ҶǧͷҲ̧˵ţԱ߰ɡ
ڵ˵ϣζſƮ˻Բѵţ󡣲һţȻ۾һֻּѵȥ
쿴˾ȻˣΧ˼״׷Χȥȵš
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ţԭţڽǵ·˽٣һ·ò׼ţûſڱ˹ȥţƻΪʲô󲡣Žֵǰҽ˵ţҲһĺûءţڳҲûʲô£ƽʱڸ̴żСձѣƴֵľͶյ㡣̼̣ţҲǸǮֵʵˡҲţЩС۸԰ǵıҲǽĸԸ
ôһҶǧִ˲١෹󣬴һⲻһᣬǸү·Ůӡ
˵ţȻãջŵлǮ֪ҶǧںԺһ첻֪ʲôţſڵһ죬ǰǶ˲١͸ַȰ˺üΣǲ
ʱ֣Ҷǧ©档ſʯϵţҶǧﰵ˼׿ЩüĿˡ
Ӵţ׳ʿҶǧ俪˵


ڶʮ ţ

ţͷҶǧվ󣬸æվŤҶǧ˸ҾлҶ˰硣ҶҲа׳ʿˣаţͳɡ
Ҷǧ΢΢һЦţĳǹܣôձ𣿡
ǹɶţһãȻͷ
ǹܳǵ~
ţæ˰֣ҵҵҲǮﲻǡ
ǻձѰҶǧ۾ȡ
ǣǣллҶ򣬸Ҷҩѵġ˵ŽǮݸҶǧ䡣
Ҷǧͷһۣ˻ȥҩѾͰ˰ɣֻҪţӦҵͺá˵תȥ
ţæڣǿɲɣǮһҪţţȻǸ죬ҲǸĻ죬Ӻɷ˵ȥĻóȥˮŵĻϲᷴڵġ
ҶǧһᶨţʵţΪʲôҪ죿
ţĿҶǧ䣬üͷ˵ҶЦţǸˣֲʶһͻȭŹҲʮˣȻ޼ҿɹ飬ǽ˰һ簳ͲǶţ۱ĲᣬЩȭŹ׬ЩǮ͵Ҳ̤ʵЩ
Ҷǧǰ֣ȴϸĺӣԸֵǸң
ţ˼ǲʶʲô~˵ˣַʽ۳ϰղ۸ţʵҲͦĵġ
ѿҲǸ溺ӣⲢǳ֮ƣڳ͢δǲµ˸ĺù٣ƾǵȭǻֻ֮µʱͱ˹˰ɡ
ţüͷ˼׿죬ȭ˵ţȻȫҶĻǲ˵ҲһѪģֻǲװǸҶʲô
ҪһֻΪõһҶǧ˸ǻ˵ҿΪṩһУֻһǵҵģѣԸ㲻üŻشңȻȥɣɫҲˡ
ţصĵ˵ͷɣϾһˣҲҪ˼ֵǵĸܡǰȸ˰˵ͷųصĲȥ
Ҷǧ俴ǱӰﰵ̾һɵ֮٣ǿƼȽִ˼ĹŴֻҪԼǼòġ
ټ鷿ڣϺõĺľܰڷۼĴƿһ̨¾ǰһڵƹҫԵңɼ


ڶʮ 

үҶǧСһ¿˵´ãһаá
ī޳ʳָнߵ棬º˵Ļ㱨
Ӱ˼ˣ
үӰһӰһˣѽүԸҶΧš
Ǳʲô
īϽڶƽΪ̫ȥЩо
īͣ˶ǸһĨĪЦ⣬µĺ˰˰֡Ǳ߽˶㣬ȥɡ
ǣү˵˳ȥƿŵһ˲ҹΪһ̸ʧ١
Ӱī8ǰľ߹ģӰӵĳԱīڸ֮ʱټĹʼϰ֮ˡ8ϸѵӿʼһٶ˵ڵʮˣʮȫһʮ3ǰı߽սҲǰзŵѸսʤЩӰȫ޸ĸĹ¶Ҳֻī껵ʿЩʿĴڣĸ뿵ī϶޴֪Уī껾һǳɾͰҵһӰˡ
үҹ˯ɡ˽
ﻹ֪һϢɡȥٷãҲϳȥˡīݵȥ
ǣү~忴ͦεıӰҧҧǿ˿ڣүԷʱǰ˵תүշԷﱸ˳ʳүġ
īЦһͷ壬о˰ɣҲʮˣҪ̻ؼȥɺã
ǣԽˡ
īֱŵ壬չ˱ʮϣξͲ׷ˣȥɡ
лүæ˳غųһ
԰ɽ棬һѾСŹƽĵţæӭȥ
үأ
˵ү۳Ѿ˯ˡ˵㾶ֱǰȥ
ǷǱ߿ô찡÷ͷ޴Էȥ
ԷڣͥԺɫĵţ·Ϻõʯשԡū澴ͳһĻɫѾ߷žơ׷ſڿȥһӰڴҵҰУϸһƾĺ÷ֻһҷ׷һ
÷ͷಽȥߵſڣߵŲţˣū澺÷
үһһλŮվſţһű׼Ķ쵰ԸеͣȻĴ۾Ʒб̽ҡõ˿ȹǰһ˿ĵɼ幤һ㣬ͬɫˮᱡ֣֬³ҹ˲̾˵Ȼ˰


ڶʮ 

÷շڴæ£طˣ˵ү۳ۣѾˡ룬ҲЩϢ
շ鷶֮ŮꡣǰŮ׷ڸ緶պƵ˵¶ⷶպС游ڱ߽ر߷ǸµүĸоһȥȻҲ˺ѡÿλظⲻԸǰ˵˵ӢүӾˣٷԸĹŮǴ˷ռī껵ϢⷶҲλȸ˽ҲȰŷ꣬īȻѧǸ˲ţǴʾˣǲǸ˵ġķѷİ˭Ȱ趼
һǰʺΪī޷˵ıż˲μѡ㣬Ȼӱֱ鵱֪ѡľȻֻǲˣ֪ºǲȻŭʥּһ˭ָΥֻӲͷƤŮ˳ȥ걾ȴǿģֻҪ̤λԼġ
ʧĿ÷ĵڶüһ˺÷СӣСӣôС¶첻áãȥԺˣ
ߵĺ÷æӣһԲסĿͷɪɪ޺ţˣˣͥԺūҲ׷׵ͷ»Ը
˺ε󣬺αظСһʶءʱ򴫵үһĺǿǶԷֲõѽū澿ȥ۷ˡһԵ翪ڵȰǷѾСźǰīеϢҲռģⷶҲǺεġ
Ҳȷʵ~ȥ۷ɡϿ޿ǻˣ˵űӡ
÷ŷ˿ڣæߵлšлˣл㡣ǰһ۵ĺ÷΢Ц˵ˣȻ˷ָðˡ
÷Цȴһ˵ζϸո˾ûٶл߱ˡ
һԷָƽҹΨ鷿ĵƻš
īϣǸ־õСӣĳ񡣺òٴҵ㣬Ըֿ־Ҳû뵽ģ컯Ū˰ī̾һµİȡһµĺӣСĽСӷ˽ȥ˰Ϩ˵ƣۻ𵱽Ҷǧ䣬ǲһĨ΢Цһεˣô嶯Ҫ
ŵĺҹ죬˳ҹշתߣѺڶ࣬ͬͬϦмΡ˵Щ˼ˣôƽ


ڶʮ 

Ҷëǣп~㣡ҶŶԣǽҶ~
治ŶŵƤĴŮͬ10ĹŷӣڵľȻĻ
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Ҷǧ۾ţѽ˵糿һ²Ҫҵ𣿡˵ŻһĹǷ
֪ЦЦСȥ·ɣһ²˭ˣһ˵һ߽Ҷǧڡ
Ҷǧϴֻ֪꣬˾ΪԼһ׷ۺɫȹüͷ֪ˣͷ߸չһ·ɫѡĿð˵꾶ֱóһװɫȹϡ
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תӣҶǧ䣬ҶҰ
Ҷģ̌ͷֻһڴҪϹԼۣæ룬ϸ꣬˽СɫһȻ˵˧磬ҲǸʿֻҲ̫е˰ɣˣʶ𣿡
ŲӺæ͵ŴǼС֮ǰ˺Щ¾ͼǲ̫ˣĪҪ֡
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Ҷǧ俴ȥҴҵҲһעЧ֮ˡ¹עкܶ´æµʱҲúһԼĹϵʲôС޲÷ģǿɾ鷳ˡ𣿡
С治ǵ˰ǾŴүĶ~ϴҩߵļС㶼û˵档ŴǰţӦϾԵģûùϵ¾һֱţûھȻҶɿأЦ˵
֪˼״Цҿİ~
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ҶǧȻƽ½֪ˣڽ糿ȴóһۺȹӣԽԽԾ㿪ʵ֪ˣǲ֪ʲô
Ŷ~ǰŴҹСһΣʱүûС㣬СҸŴһţŴ˿ûҹС㡣֪µ˵
Ҷǧˣ⡰Ҷǧ䡱дúŬгһչͣԼΪ֮ġԼҪð취ȥܾˡ


ʮ ǹ

С~С~ҶǧһĪչ֮ʱ˽
ʲôôҲ³ײС㣡֪˺ǳ
Ҷǧǰһô˸Īǵ´óʲôô
ڴСҪСС㿴~Ŷʱһ
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ҽݺúءС㣬ȵҰ~
ҽֻĪһƫƫӵڿλãһнôԼȴδ򿪹Щ󵨵Ĺڴ͵͵հܿɹɫȴɫԱվһλ̴̱ӣһ
ĪӣҶǧ΢ЦſĪ롣
Ī¶һ٣̧ȻҶǧ䣬΢΢һЦΪѾأ¿һֱŹء
ĪҪֻ֣ǽռδʵҶĳŵǧǡ
ĪæֹҶǧ䣬ҶԵûˣҲǲ˵ǰЩʱճ˱ʣŰݷõġ
л£ȻǰСŮӶΪΡ˵ҶǧĪ棬޳ָĪϡ΢ĴҶǧһ˵ºòҲԵúǲƽȣҶǧ۾ϸ
͸˽Ҷǧ˳ĽëӳСӡĪ뾲Ŀ촽ӳ£ʵĺӣҰ˲ɼůƢĸожûйأﲻЩĪĸо˵ʲôųһϲĪػعԼô뷨
ҶǧҲܵĪϸ΢ı仯۾ֳ˻ӵذӿĳԵĶһֹһֶ֣ÿһʱͷһΣ𣿡
һԵæ˿ڣǰǰÿһзһΣɰ귢һΣھÿ¾ͻᷢһΡʲôð취ҼҹⶼѰҽҩܶˡ
缲ĶҩʲôһȷѹƶҩҲһֶɣûв´ĻӦһ߶
Ī۾Ȼһ˿ʣǶûµĵӾȻʼһ㣬￴һо𣿡
ҶǧЦЦ˵ģҿҲ֮˰~İɣúûŵġҶǧ룬ҲҪҸΪʲôĳ࣬Ϥԭ̰ȴװһûʲôӣ㿴ĹǣΪ㶼콫ССĵ´øΧˣͳһҲġ
Īתͷ⿴˿ôĴ󶯵ĹһĵĪعͷʹһɫߵɷĻһܣһᴰ徻ˡ


ʮһ ǹ2

Ҷǧ״ɵĹЦһعͷҶǧεЦ⣬̾ŮӹȻײ͵Ӳ˵ЦҲûĽȢϱһŮӣĪȴЦݸ𺳵ˣ̬Ĵҹ㣬Ȼıָˡ
Īӣҵλ̴ǿɰҶǧЦ˵һվĸֱˣҶǧһЦ
ǰһذȹʩŮӣﾹȻЩĪĽѵĵĵĪԴЦЦӼᶨҪõŮӵ뷨
ǺǣˣùЦˡµĲڿǺð
ҶǧЦݣƵ˵㲻õģ֮֮߶ԡ嵹Ҳܻһڳ׸~ɣҼʱ𣿡
ɵĿҶǧ䣬ĪȴֻЦЦͷӦȭҾ͹ˡң߰ɡ˵űſȥ
ĪҲĽˣŹģǧˡҶǧ΢ЦųĪ˵
Īعͷ۴Ц⣬˵ͷ⵹ҲǡǧҲҪʲôˣĪɡܲǧе費𣿡˵ЦЦתˡ
Ҷǧվԭ˼ãźķӦԼȻССĵϷˣ׷ȥһԶ˼ĻصڣŮݡĪ~ΪҾȻĸоʶ˺öѣֺʲô޵ͷָоìܵĽţ˺ǲ⣬벻Ȼ
ɫֱ֪ǰųԷŷӦԼӦƲء˺ö缲ϵҶһʱҲǿõİɣ뵽Ȼе˼ءҶǧҴҳ˵㷹صԺСϸҽ飬һһп档
죬ҶǧĴãã麣̧ͷεĳһʲô~ûһ֢ģˣţ~
Ҷǧ̾ϼͷããҽѰµȻһĶ¼ȻֵǰҲҲⱾ͵һ°ɡҶǧ鷭
ⱾʵɣҳҲ𷺻ƣ˼ҳҶǧıˡԼʮǰİɣ¼Ķ½ĵ¼
¼½ĺƽʢʮࡣʮǰΪشﲩʵܣսҷ֮Сʮ̫ī녣ԻΪ³ǩ˻ԼԼʥŮںӭȢΪʺ󡣼³ʿڶ࣬õ³֮ڽ˱߾ʼٸɹǩʮĺƽԼǧյİϻʵԾǧյӵī녵ǻΪΡʮ󣬻ʵīӦԼӭȢ˼³14ʥŮΪТ»ʺ
սҵɹ˵ҲǽĴشϷļģḻȴԴ٣Ҳǵսһԭ򡣾ݴ˵ɹԱŷʦÿһλ֮ˣҪƻ仰˵˭ޱȵĹƳ˭˾ͿϡɹһֱǱһͳߣΪ˵ԭɹҵļزࡣ


ʮ ǹ3

شļ³Ϊأ˵³˿ѱ޿֮⣬ʥŮҲСʥŮ֮ͨ飬ͷѪΪҩΪ׿ɿ֮ʥŮ󣬵ӣͨ죬Ů̳ʥŮ֮ΪµʥŮԴʥŮʹս黹Ȼ
Ҷǧ䲻֮Աǣ֪ĹˣʲôʥŮǿ˰~и컻صʥŮΪβͳ磬ҪȥףԱԼҵ档˵ʥŮҲǿɸ󻹲ΪεƷ
ҶǧƲƲšĳҲǲһСңܱߵɹŲٵϧƷŵ棬̲ĽֻʱˡԴԭ򣬾Ϊһ򻨸ɣ򻨸ܵеľ书Ҷǧʱͷߣ⵽Ǹ磬ΪʲôһţXɣȻ֮أ
鱾һǷһɫѽӽʱˡȻôˣʲôջûУ۾Ҷǧεĸ̾һϨСݵĵŻԸԷհͷ˯ˡ
ھȵĺ𣬻谵ݶϣһλֻ¶һ˫۾ĺ̾һ磬ʲôϢʱ˯жж˯ȥǼֲϻǻȥһˡ
һһװӣһǱԴǵ˵Ӱ壬죡ǵְΨ̴ӣҲ֨һ
Ӱεĵ˵ͷ~
Ҷǧһһ˯˯ʱ緹Ҳ˯˹ȥǴ뷿ֻ¾һֱ˯ȥˡҶǧӱðͷèۿŴĵ˵Сûɣ
С㰲ȻһС㣬ˡһ綼ˣΪôء
ҶǧεİɣҸȫ˶£Ҳµģ
ЦǰȥҶǧ𴲣ǣǣǣҼС~ףС۾ô˰
ҶǧһãȻĿŴôˣҺܺðתͷžԼһǣ˭ǣһ޵ɱѬױ~Ҷǧ䱧žϸһͷը˫۴ԼﰵŴСȻԼġ뵱ͨϷûôţֻССİһҹͳˣȻഺһȥ
վһεЦţۼС㣬ǰ˺ȫҶǧڱḻͷӣƽǰ֮˰
ҶǧôΪԼʩЩ֬ŨصĺȦҲڸ˲١ƿҶǧһ⡢ⶼ˭


ʮ ò˰ţ

Ҷ~һβʺ쳹ͥԺ
Ҷǧһ٣̧ͷԺһſĸɫӣ֮оþòܻ
Ҷ򣿰ֵˣţǰһЦݵ˵
һţֳԼСǰʱһҶǧǰ˫ֲָţţҼСôã㲻ǺҲͰˣʲôҰ
ҶǧŻûµġģȥҽݰ︣ȥɡŽɵĿҶǧ䣬һᶨҲֻգǰ͸ţһǴİۡ
Ҷǧ价ţʮֵܲЩЦãⶼЩʲô˰ץġݳɺġü۵ġʽӦоеձ鿴䶼ȽСЩ˵ĳо֦ҶţҲԵò˰ˡ
ţҶǧıгɣЩԼֵܡֱظҶ𿴰ֵܶòЩ۸ɶǺúֵϴԼ׷ͦظӦš
ҶǧЦҡҡͷţˣǿֺαؽֵܹ˳أȻ˸ҵľţҲѪӣֵǶҲȥġ
ǿ϶ǵģҶģǶ׷Ҷ򣡡ţһᶨűֵ֤Ҳᶨĵͷš
ǼǾҶҵĻԺӴԺҾǵϴţֻǵ϶ס𣿡
һ㿴ҿ㣬û˸ӦֻýĿͶţţֵǶֱĿͱ۾һһñɹ𶼣ҶϴʺãͷҶǧ买ҾϹϾ˵ϴϣСһݣ˼յϴҲСŮΨǴӵģæҲҶǧ
Ҷǧ˰֣ˣԼֵܺαЩģţֵȥҳ壬˵ĻԺǰŰšʰںԺϣ
ǣϴ󣡡˵ţŴ˳ȥСк·вԣҶǧϸһֻкĲЬֺҲ¶šкͷҶǧ䶢ԼĽſʱߺ첽˳ȥ
Ҷǧ΢ЦĿǳȥﰵ̾涼Щӡ벻ͨЩôţģɬŤӣǡֻţһ˰ɣֲ£ţʱţһᶨ˵ҪԸֵܡ֮УֱҶǧŷԼѡǶôǶôĲ̡


ʮ Ϊʲô

ڶ磬Ҷǧٴξ̾˳İЧʡ彫ЩӰٽӵһǰһֱżŵЩӾͽʰ˳һ̲ͨ˯ʮ˶û⡣廹ΪǱƷ͸ɾѡҶǧ俴˿ĿĺǾϸСһ󵽼ľ嶼һĿȻǰ廹Ц˵Щĵһû˯ںԺСš
ҶǧԺֻʮĸСһţȫɫͳһĸɾ·ҵקק½ÿ϶ϲõЦݣţһԿŴҸֵǲɵûһЦ
ҶǧߵǰһСǼϴѸųһţĺһϴ~Ҷǧ״еЦáһȦʱ˳۹ˣĿͣǸСкϣʲô֣
к׵ءϴĻҡҽй~
Ҷǧʱ׵ˣεĸ˸ͷ˹͹ɡˣ
ϴĻʮꡣˡҶǧͻȻʶЩûûĿӣ˭ؼԸءһｻ̸ŵ֪гţʮ֮⣬Ķ͹࣬ҲͲʮꡣǸִпһЩȥϲ֮·˵ֻܿԼĹŴˡţǹѲ֪δ˰ɡ
Ҷǧɫ˵ҾҪʼˣ糿ʼ׼ʱʱţҵɽʱòϴľÿյĹÿʲô½ţ䡣ӵӺõԺڳۼֿ渣´áÿÿ5ӣ൱RMB1000Ԫٺ»ͷɣҪġˣҪһֻҵĻҲΪʲô
ҶǧĻúʣôɾȻǮãЩʵǸ飬ǿΪʲôģ׷ᶨĵͷʾѾˡ
Ҷǧһ˵ı飬ɵûһЦ˹ȥţļ򣬡ͽˣ֮ǰϣԷù˵꾶ֱ߽˺ԺСݡ
һҶǧ߽ӣϲЦտġһкܵţ߿ĵ˵ţ磬ôҵֵǶóˡûɶɻãʱҾѰϱȥ~ٺ١
ţһһĺףߵɫûĵĳҶʲôǣ;ϱ
ʱߺĬ˵һߡ˼ţǿЦ첱Ӵֵġ
һˣ˭ϴжģǺţȥֵⶼˣȻǰ·ֵܣǰţĵЩֵܡţ֮ԻŴҶԭԺһ׵ġԴӽ𣬰ϴϴĹ˭жģûУţ˵
Ȼʱǻȫţ˼ţԴǿĺãҲڲţİš
Ҷǧͨŷ쿴һУţһһ˿εοǶǺЩ¹ȻĲǺܵλõָʱձضܳΪһһúҶǧغżص麣оĪĲոһҽһոµŷ˳


ʮ ﹬

Ҷǧüɻļŷ⣬ŷʲôûСŷóֽԾֺȻҶǧǰҪİ˵Ҷǧ䷭ȥſ˺üûȻѵ˭Ķ磿ûûۣԽֽһоҽ顣
ĻʹŮҴ̫ææשƽɵԭټĻʹԵ䡣
īŰɫٷŽ˿⣬īɫѥǶϺõèʯиɫ解ںڵͷͷ߸һϷУ沿Ĺ⻪֮£ԵùԽӽɴҲóʼжôҡ
һ̫һĵīӭ·ī껱ŽýĲʯשԵøԵĹŮСšǰī껵Ӣ¼𽥱֪ΪŮСҹYYĶ˭²ɫķ绪д˵īѧ֮ʱݡʱû˼ĿҵθھһֱԽԽߡ
īһ̨ס˲ԵĹŮ׷׹ϥү顣
үԵȣūȥͨһС̫ԸĹѼɤһֺá˵㹭̨ײſţүݵ
īͷſڵң﹬ֺȻĿúľΪߺשΪ·Եݻ˲뵽ݳصĴŮ洫һŮʶ
ī̤ţİһľݻտĵ̺Ϻõ̴ľĲ輸ϻýɫ˱ߣڵİ˵һӵĹŮ̫ѵأʹүú˲Ķ˲裬ľһӵĲǨ·һ㡣
μĸ󡣡
껶ĸߡ̣ϣһŮб̧źīֻ֡ŮɫȹŸ߹ķ٣һֻ̽ķڷüۣ׼Ĺ촽ͿĨϺõָܷܷ֬Ⱦʺĵܡ˿߹һλʮ꺢ӵĸסǵʺī껵ĸ̡
ī߽ĸɺã
껶أ̷̧ЦЦ漴ֱ˻֡ȥɣҪʶúɡ
~һӵ̫๬Ů˳ȥʱټĹʣĸӶˡ
껶ûˣժĸ󿴿ɺãķЩΣֻ̧ī껵ȥ
ī˶㣬ƽ˵ĸǲҪ˰ɣŵĸǺĲˡ
Цһַиһ˿į껶ĸء껶Ǹո³𣿡
ī껵˵ͷ֮һֱæڴ߽£ϳҲԼ
ī껵֣Цҵĺ껶⼸ǿˡЩʱվ̫ӸˣҪú׼׼


ʮ ֮

īۺԳǰλʮȴɷ绪Ůӣ΢ᡰĸĺ׵ġ
֮Ůһ˰ɣΪλ㽫أ
ĸΪѾмˣڷ֮¾ͲĸĸˡīԲ͡
̷һ٣ЦЦЦǺǣ껶ء漴˸ī껵ļ򣬻򴰱۶һ̵֦ת˵Ҫ׷˱֮Ů֮뷶֮ŭ¹˳̫һȻڳ֧֮˶̫ӣǶô㲻ôѵҪĸְֽ𣿡
ị̄ĸˣʱ˥˵ʱĸ󾲹ͺáʱ˶͸ˡ˵߳˹
̴֧ķ˸ŸӵĹâ껶ĸĸһ֮𣿡̵ڽ׵Եøָۣ쵤ܵĵ׺·ôȻЩէһ޶Ŀʵǲл
ī껻صƻ裬鷿˽Ӱô
ү˿ӱ޵˹ȥڹҶСѾˡǱߴϢ˵ҶСΪԼ˻Ժ
ĵˣɿ𣿡
Ӱǵ֪Щ޼ҿɹˣҲûʲô
ҶǧϢһ̣īϵĳݽЦڴʱһײĶ֮鷿źȻ򿪡һĻ֦չŮ˽һЦݵīϥμү
Ӱ״Ҫȴīȥ˵һߡīḧұν£ƽƽ˿ʲô
õī껣Ȼ߽ϲĸ첲үԻԺûôúóԶæǰæģΪүЩʳǰүȥءͷˮĴ۾գţ֮顣
ī껵ЦЦϵĵ˵ͷһáȥԷһԵĽӰݳһǰүȻҹҹϸ赹Ҳˣ븮檶øɸǲɢˣ֪Ů˱ٵԭʲôүŮ˵ҪȻԽԽ٣һµʱûнŮɫء뵶үʲôˣڿԼˡ
߽ƻԻ͵ԷԺŮԼߵĿˣﾹȻɵ뵽ǸɫԶ泯Ůӣǧҵɼ
~ϣ˭أҶǧӴ麣ðͷչ½߳Сݡ
ϴãճŵҶǧ䣬һʺŵðûһǰĳһвģſһһ̧ͦͷվıֱҶǧ䲻ӸЦˡҶǧǾ˵ĴŮһЦʮĻߺ


ʮ ɫģÿ¶е

ʱҶǧţķֹǰ˿ԼĵҲԶȻţԼںԺСſλӰĸǱŤҶǧԼԷſס˲תʵǼ˼
ţǰһȭ˵ϴ󣡡ĳͰҲᶨĵͷ
ҶǧεЦЦҵҪģ
ţɼᶨĵ˵ͷ
Ҷǧһת۴ЦһЦָ̧ǹ˹ҪҪҲһ˯
ţʱĿɿڴұߵݸ߸ʱӶˣߵĳЦЦϴҪҵһΪ
Ҷǧ۾һٴʱƽӴ˿ȴϬЦҲǡţ˺ȻƺϮֻҶǧѸײڶ֮ƣűߵһ򳤻˹ȥðҪȫҶҪ
ͷţƲ조ϡϴ~ҡûð~
ҶǧصĽפڵϣһֲĴŴţٺ»
ţҲȻߵҶǧһΪΪʲôǰ
Ϊʲô־ò̫ʣ㽫һƽϢһٺ»ΪǹܣҹܣûôӰ~ټϲ˸ˣǿɼסˣ
ţͬ˵ͷסϴ󣡡
ˣȥ~ӵָһˣײ˴ˮ衣
صӺĵſţ˵磬˵ϴǲǿˮ˰
ţһת˳һñӣ˵͸˵귭ȥ˯ˡʣһ˴ǽǾͷ߶߶˵š仨˵ģŮ˿ˮһ~ʵؿó˵ˡţŴշת࣬벻ͨƽʵ͵ϴ󵽵һġΪƲʱƽˮˣżԺϲɫнĲȻŭס˼ȥղý⣬ʶԼȻҴԸϴ󣬲յԼĶͷͼԼ˼ǽǵĳɻĿţţһϵеĶ̾ˣ类ϴɵˣ
ˮ߽ӣһ߻Ҷǧ䱧ԹţҿѽСЩ죬³çող㽫ײأ
ԺҶǧε˵ƽҰˣʱվͺˡҶǧҡҡͷ˵ȹϵĻǰһȻס˽ŲָоС΢ʲô˳żҶǧɴ۾~
ĴһЩˮ裬æֻܳҶǧվԺһС㣡ô˰
ҺˣҶǧɥ
裿СĴ˭һãȻ
Ǹ裡Ǹ谡ҶǧĿŴֻһݣɵĺ٣£¾ɫģÿ¶еġ
ʱȻ򣬡С˵ǿˮ~ҵʲô˵أСȻݵŰȥС㱸ȥ˵Ц˳ȥ
֦ͷ΢ϰϰҶǧಽȥһ߻áĹŴȻ滨ɳɳ죬һӰ


ʮ 

˭ҶǧȻͷʱһԭĪ밡
ĪЦ߽Ҷǧ䣬~ôǧΪĴ𣿡
㣡Ҷǧʱߺҧ´µĲ֪ת뵽ҹȴǽŮӵԺӣòұŶԣҶǧͷһϷŰĪ룬Īӣϲذ¾ǽ~
ĪЦݸˣһЦνǵߵҶǧСྐྵȻһģæͷﰵЦ˰ȻҳЦȷʵɱҾǱ㳰Цˣ
ǧôĳƺ˰Īڳһ˵ӣ漴װ˼ҼǵǧɲϲĸоȻƺΪĪӣҾֻûС俩Ͳˡ˵С~ĪȻյҶǧǰ
Ҷǧ䱻ͻĿһ͵һһСĸоˡҶǧĪ룬Īӣûн̹㣬ŮܲҲû̹ŰݷҪţ֮ͬſԽ𣿡ȴͣ߶ţĴȥ֯ô
Īĵһ˿įƲƲ조Ͼ⣬СΪҵ²ۣ´ŵ㡣ͶϿͺãһûվȾ͵
Ҷǧ޵Һܺã˰ɡУҺ㲢ûж첻ҪٽСˣ
Ī̧ͷ˿Ҷǧݶһ˿һת۲ĿҶǧ䣬ȻС䶼˿ڣӲ߲ˣֻ~֮ǰһһ°䣬Ī߽ҶǧȻ
ĹҶǧ侪֣΢ʵĻҶǧеȣѽͽӣҶǧŲӲסĴĪʵš
ȿ~ĪɥٿС㣬ûö~ҹվš˵ĪѾҶǧ䱧ӣط˴ϡ
Ҷǧ㵽ӽԸ˸ʵֻ¶һ˫գš㡢ʲô㡢
Ҷǧ񾭽ӣĪεҡҡͷ漴һȲַġϷŰ˵İɣ޶ӣҿûȤʲôġңʲӴ費ǻٺ
㣡ҡҶǧĿͣһĨϼ˶ϡ
ĪЦЦɫˣˡʵΪеġ
ҶǧҪȥģ
ĪɫδĲƥҲѾȫ꣬ʱҲûȥˡڿջ㣬ϣԹ
ҶǧŷӦĪ벻򷷻̼֣뿪ǳ¡̧ϸԸоĿͷһĨᡣǣĶ
ĪϷŰЦЦô᲻ߣöڰʵڲоͺһ߰~
ȥģǸ᲻ˣҶǧĵݸһۡ
ˣʱ¸ǣСЩϢɡĪ˶٣̧ͷ˿컨壬˵СݶϵҰèడ~˵˳ȥ
ݶϣӰһȵĿӰһӰһĬĵص˵ͷӰ岻ֲøոմһֱ֡ϿԶǵ֮٣óȻֻҲǰ׷ѹˡ
ﻹµĲ豭Ҷǧ㶵ķŴʱһѶ˽С㣬ϡ
Ҷǧعȥôϰ죡һȥ˿ô~Ҷǧһ߻Ŵù¿㣬һ߿Ц˵


ʮ 

һ׼ϴˮһ߲ΪȻ˵ۼСأһ붨ţ¿ǴأĸҪĻС㰡~
ôһ˵ҶǧźԸﻹأԼȻˣĪ˳Ǻ꾫תƻĵģתһ뻹ǹԸĶҶǧ䰵̾һһβ棬ĹĵĻһɰݵζʲô
µ氡~С飬ÿˮŶʹүôءոҾȥˣԲŻôٵġȻͣĻתһĿҶǧ䡣
ҶǧһֹӣڵôС
ߵҶǧߵʵС㣬ǰʲô֪𣿡
Ҷǧ֣ʵ˵Ҫ׿ǰ˵ѵ㲻Ըڵ𣿡
ֱӣİ˵ŲǣɲģֻǣǰСǻ٣ǱžΨ֪˽׽ЩڵСȻӱùŹЩҲ˸׽ӽҪѡĻϲڵСء
ҶǧݸһЦ󴺻ҵĺûô˵ĺܿġǰ£Ĳǵˡǰ£Ҫɻء
۳Ͽҵĵ˵ͷİС㣬һúչСġ
ˣнŵġʲôչ˲չ˵ģɫôˣҲȥϢɡ
ŶС㣬⼸Ŵ˻˹ҹСءСһֱںԺûȥС㡣
Ҷǧ˵ͷã֪ˡҲȥģͬһȥɡҪľȥ˯ҵĻ~
Цҡҡͷ˳ȥŵһ̣ҶǧͻȻоǸӡߵڵԡͰԱߣֻȵˮﻹ˰ݡҶǧοЦЦȥ߽ԡͰĳˮͬϺõĺ˿⻬׵ļϹžӨ͸ˮ顣ò˵⡮Ҷǧ䡯ӵǧŮԶĽıӨ󼡷
Ҷǧ俿ԡͰŰݵ㡣ɵĸ̾Ů֮ģһٴԽС˵YYĴԽĨ⽨Եø룬򵥹ԸΥһµʱͷô¡ĸĺȻȥϲ˺ȻһˣǸ鸴ӵĪ룬ԼǸұйصܡһѵ飬Ҳò뾡һа취ػƽ
~Ҷǧ䳤̾һվȻĵλþյġ߳ԡͰǰͷǰ棬˿ǹ⻬׵ĺ󱳡Ҷǧǲ̫ϰҩԡĸоɣǲϵˮ˴ϡ
һȥܹܹ񻹸һΡҶǧҲˡ衯ƺиӰһֱչţΪˮΪ΢СҶǧŬ뿴ǸˣǶ̷ƺǸеġҶõûǸӵȻҲ˺ŬϿԿĳˡƺǵĶ飬Ī룿


ʮ Լ

Ҷǧ۾ŴḧܵŵСࡣôμҾȻμԺƺһΪʲôƯš϶Ϊϼԭ򣬶ԭ~Ҷǧ䲻ټȥѸ
Ҷǧɴذɫȹһ߸ߵβûκ֬ˮ鱦ĵ׺ټʮ껹ûȫģէһеѹӵζƿţɫδȫǻ˸šһĿм¶ˮ㣬Ըƺþû˶ءִÿ糿ӵĥӲܻոһղǰŮӵĽ塣ڿ趼ʹС֮𰡣Ҷǧ䰵¾ģһҪһǰǸղŮӡ
Ȼܾ˶ɢɢûġɫţҲӦںɽ˼ҶǧɽȥɽһţǹȻڡҶǧߵֻ˫϶СɳѧǰţȭǸѧĺҲû˼ţ˻ȥ
صԺʱ̫ѾһȵĿվ˯Ҷǧ䣬С㣬ҹһû˯𣿡
~Ҷǧ䷭˷εĿŴ
糿ʱ÷ɿ죬һ㵽硣ԺҶǧ䣬ںԺС﷢ſ˯ŵҶǧ䡣Цҡҡͷ߽ҡҡ䡰С㣡С~
Ҷǧʵ˯̧ͷǻһ˿ɵҺ塣
С㣬Ѱɣ˯ˣ
Ҷǧѹԣڼˣ
ʲô㣿һ⡣
ʲôʱˣ
Ŷʱѹ˰ɡķˣ֪˽һȥ÷ء
ʱ൱11㵽13ӣĪԼýΪеġҶǧվĨһŶ³ȥһ˰~
Ҷǧһ·С˿ջſڣ΢΢ƽϢһº˿ջ
λǴ⻹סѽõСڵʵ
Ҷǧ价ſջܣѰĪӰˡ
Ӵƹ⻰˵ģɶˡС´ǰصĹԲ˵
ʱ¥żﴫһӵС䣬ɡСһȻǰλִ󷽵ĹӣЦݵĽҶǧ˸¥
߽ż䣬СڵΪҶǧ˲ӣһĵվĪԣλӿɻʲôԸ
ĪһбóһӸСϲ˰ɡ
~Сĵȥ
Ҷǧ˲ЦĪӲΪ˰
Īһ漴ЦЦС£ɲúúʹͣ
۵ĻǮ˵һҶǧǰͱʳˡ
Ҷǧ俴Ϸɵĺεĸɫȫʵ֪ĪʲôģԶٷҲô¡ء
Īȴ۴ЦҡҡʳָҼҾССĲƥ⣬ⲻҲ֪СϲʲôԲŽɫһ顣С䲻ϲҷԸСٻһ
Ҷǧæ˰֣ûˣͦõġ˵űӳȻζɿڣԷʱһֱ㿴Ҳʳ֪ζɡ
ڣҶǧҲֲסȵĿ⣬ҺΪҪһֱҿ


ʮһ ľ

Ī۴Ц⣬ּһ÷ַҶǧǰҿԾͺˡ
Ҷǧ¿ӣ˫ֽ°ͳĪȻһЦ⻰˵ɫɲ𣿡
Īһ漴ЦЦѵС䶮Ұ~
Ҷǧɫһ䣬ĵݸһǰֺۣݺݵҧһڣ˵ôҲܹ·żС˵ѬչˡǵСչʾ~УϧһİüκŮ
ĪڶĿɿڴʲôż磬ʲôãⶼʲô߰ģɿʵµǲѧǳˣС˵ʲô
Ҷǧʮֵ³һͷù˲ǵգһڲˮĵĿڵͶˣʵܺģ˵ǲ죬ɱϱֵĸҺƵãõʱҷ˿ɲá
Īһ˫һĶֱĵ׵Ц⣬ԭСİδӭȢޡСĻỹǺܴģ
ĪϷŰЦ⣬ҶǧﲻסİЦҾ÷㣡תһѾҪ뿪֮ˣǸҹԽʹĻԵЩḡҲûʲôֵ£˵ȥɡԸ˵һҪĶڿŵضʵֲˡΪһҽûʹԼĻߵõԼˡ
ҶǧΪĪ˲裬ԼҲһĪӣʱȣδΪκòʹҾԲΪˡףԸһ·ƽгһٴǧһܣΪȥʹ˵һ˲ˮ
Ī뾲ĿҶǧ䣬С䵹ǰͲ߰~漴վߵǰһ¥ºţ̧ͷĪ΢΢˵ͷƺ˵Ѿ׼ˡҶǧ俴Ī뱳ӰȻ͸ɪį֮С˵ʲôȴֲ֪˵ʲôãֻܾĵͷԵֵӿϵǹĪĸо
ĪعŵͷȲҶǧ䣬ԭȻһ˿ĸоߵҶǧߣϷһóһľҶǧ߸βϡСü棬ʲôҲɹһҪȥˣ͸Сɡ
ҲҶǧҪȡ£ȴĪ
ʲôƷֻǸľͷİˡѲС俴ľͷ𣿡ĪգȻһۣҲԵúί
ĪһСϱίҶǧëĳֻ֡ͷӦǾúܡȻǳ˼ҵ̣˼ҵֶ̡ⲻһʱӿɶվҶǧֻóĬĪ߳˿ջٳڵС˳ЦݵĹĪ롣
ǰĪȻתҶǧײϡĪЦЦ˵ײҪŶҪȻҿɾҲ~
ҶǧЦ˵ͷȴΪGPSǶλѽ
Īˣʲôû˵ôˡԶȥһ̼֣Ҷǧ䲻ɵĿЦǶĽӵټ


ʮ ģ

ÿ4µ5¶ʱ򣬸·˶ۼｻסѽµף̼Ƕ½½뿪ǰַǷĽֵʱֻǵļ̼Ҳװ
Ҷǧ䳤һĪһ߳˳ǣĸоԽԽŨĵƺиӰӽҪ֮ȴҲͻƿڡҶǧҡҡͷĸо˼ȥǺʹһȥ¡
ȵĳһ죬ҶǧȻһ̣֪ԼжôڵĪûĪ룬Ҷǧ䡣ǱҶһ
Ҷǧص´ʱԺſڲ֪ʲô߽һƣŹżϾɵӡŹϤľҶǧ䲻ʵ㻹
æͣĻ̧ͷһԭԼϴæϵľмͷ˵ϴĻүүǸľǰүүʱҲһֱԱ߿ţҲͻЩƤëˡ
ľģ⹷ֻǻЩƤëô򵥵İɡҶǧ俴СкȻЦЦ
С㣿˰~֪˴һЩƾɵ˹ԣɳĬﰲŻ
Ҷǧ΢һѼõϾӣʵ֪ˣⶼģ
Ⱑ~ǰҽûģҿ⹷еգޡ֪ϵĻҡ
ҶǧЦһ֪ȥʣǲ𹻲ЩȥðɣҶƺûǵҪ޲Ĺӡ˵תȥ
ۺмĿ˿Ҷǧ䣬Ƴһԭص֪˱ŲƵ﷿ȥ֪ĿҶǧıӰҧҧ´ǸˣҺôǷ˵İŮôҵİ߲˸еġ~֪Ψһһ˵ˣүҲûʲôһãȻûʲô֪ĵѰԼҶҵĶС㣬ҲͱȱЩ
ִ߸ɫҶǧ䣬ʵͷ֪˵ĲԾҲûʲô£Ҳ֮ˡ֪ΪȷʵףԲųֹպ֪ܹҶǧҲɽߡСɰЩûлۡСˣôţҲڰҶǧԺŴ
һȦֱ֪ţɽҩȥˡҶǧֻûصС뷨ӦǾ仰ֻˣӿʼ󣬵ڵӡջ۵ţڶѨλķѾˡҶǧ΢пǸ룬߶šһͺˡ
Ҷǧվָ׼Ǳһ㽫ſȥʱСݵźȻˣҶǧæСģ
ϣ뻽Űγڴϵ롣
Ҷǧ첽߹ȥù룬ûҪʱһСķŻػçײĹѵš˭ô³çĳģҪλܵģ
ͷ͵͵űĴȣϴ󣬹~ոռҽݣΪСҴʲô¾͸æܹŸ˵һġԽԽССĿҪˡ
Ҷǧ俴Ӻ̧ͷӺ˵ǻԲŤŤģ
̧ͷŲӸӦǣϴ󣡡
ҶǧεЦЦȻһڵһضΰòã
ʲʲô񣿡
ģͣҶǧ˷ܵ˵
ģʲôɻʵ
ɣţӸľͷˡôѲɣҶǧ˼ȥţʺˡһȥ˵úʹȥ¾ֻܸˡ
ڽţߵģβһʱʱıȱȻšɰţƻˣ׷˺üιǲڡٺ͵͵ţţһͷȾܡԺʱʱһץС͵ĺϷ˴£ҶǧҪģƳɹˡ


ʮ 

Ҷǧ俴Ǿ߿ţľͷʱò̾ǾտľǴӱϸڶʮָɾԵҶǧ˷ܵĸ˹һӵùߵúüû˯þһҶǧܡ
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ҿҶǧӴӹľ⼸һֱæģ͵µûϸӣϸͨľľ֪ʲôľģɫµľһһ㡣ѣһͷǶһСĴָСĺɫıʯʯƺһСڵϸеỹе㵭ľ㡣͵һӵȷƽ棬ϸϸоܷľֻ֮Ӿе˼˵ĸоĪƺɹ˰ɣʱӦҲѾȫ˰ɡ
ɽλɹĽ֮ȻɽʵӦóΪϿȣ߸ߵɽмһ··ľͷǸؿڣ˹رɹĵؽˡʱĲɽ£һֱ̼һѵصĹٱ
ͷһԦǰ˼һ˫ӽǰǻݵı˱ȭ˱ɷպƣڴ˹ӭɹ̫ӡ
ԭƽ̴̼Ƿ׷ױĿһ£վֱһְصذף׼ʱչһ
վԵ˵£дԼ100ֻʮǵв
˰ֻﴫһЦĪ΢ƿ˳Ȼǵݴ˿̾Щ԰סĪɹ̫ӱ룬ݾϱûʻϣʹΪɲ˾Զ֮
ǰ̫īӴ۶Ϊ̫Ӻ١̫Ӿ֪һ𲻼ӰĻүī껣ѹ˲˻˵˳ҹ鷿ѾԻһҹַǷ糯̫Ӿ漣ǰϳڳ̫Ӿ߽ӵ˵˵ɹʷȻûеóѿҲʧȥǳأ̫г˵иõĻһܲһһͿɹǳء
ĪԼд󳼶֪ʲôķӣ̫ȴҡҡͷЦ˵մұ֪˻Żɵɢ˳׷ƽϲֵ̫ӺȻ˵ҪǳأſڴƻƻȷзҶֻ֪ܾ䡣ʱر߽ıɷպƽӵ̫Լī껵ķɸ봫顣
̫˵ɹ̫ؽ䡮ء͡ī˵ʮ֮ɽ±ؼ롣ڴ֮ǰɽ·ۻоҲۻ򵽲ɽؽֵ·оջһֻܳۻƾơ
պƿʱƣ򵽲ɽ5յĲҲվͿɵīΪλ˵ʮأӵ޷𣬵Ǿ˶ֻзӡ糿պƴ100ڲɽµȺ򣬹Ȼļװ˵ı롣
³ҹдܣеﻹ¡̫źҵһҪ͵ȥ𶼣ʱһúÿ¡պЦԴǵ˵
ſŨŨۻζиһĨݣĮЦЦˣǰ·ɡ˵תڹ߻谵ĳڣɫӲҰˡӿŸ첲һСһĽɫ˳Žߡݺݵȭͷ۾
ƿģɵĵǰ򲻶ϵյʦϢٻعҪ顣ֻȷոĵ£̤ϻع·֪һ·ϵۻƵζԭѹסĽҲۻƵĴ̼¿ʼɡֻѰһƫƧĵطѹƽƷɣκֻͨɽܳػعһ·ۻƮһ·ͣͣò׵ɽⱱǿ֮ĩˡ
պҲû뵽ôԶԸı룬׵ĴӦͬһϽ𶼡һ·Ҳҵģʱ̸ڱǰ
⻰
ϾҪ~üľϣǳΪûѵİ~۸¸


ʮ 

յ峿ر磬ʱҶǧ˯û찵ءҶþòⲽԵЩִٲʱʱ̧ͷһ䡰ҶС㻹δ𣿡
һԵĴֻΪĵͷ̽Ե˵ŴˣҪһȥߴ߰ɣ
ҵȵȾͺá˿мӣתͷСߵ˵᲻ϲ
̴һЦŵĻص˷İɣѾˣ֤ҶСüЦĸߣ
ߵ˵ʱ˼ģɿȻȴɲҶǧٻӰ治֪ҪȵʱҲҲǰȥֻŲӿȴˡ
ſڼλٱţ໥ŰϾչٱûܵйţĴ۾ŷ۾һ糿ʱĵϷйȥˣʱ֣ѵҶǧ۾߳ӡ
ҶǧŹǷԺӣʱϺţһȻҶǧ˹æӭȥҶǧ俴ʱɫŴ˰ľҼͰ
һԺӵ̧ͷ˿յղеգţҲװƿĿ⡣
Ǻǣǰⲻһֱæڹ£Ͼ˼С㣬յÿգǰ˵˵¡һ仰˵ԸӶˡ
Ҷǧ͵һ飬ĴӵʾæڵŴˣȽ˵ɡ
ãصĵͷ
Ҷǧ˼Ŵο˵Լ뷨Ȼ˵ڷӣһ
һͿ˿ڡҶС㣬ϴιߵ̫æ죬¡˶٣ͺһڲ̧ĿĿҶǧ䣬Ƹģ˵һǵͨ졣
ҶǧȻͻĹŴסˣĿɿڴĿ
Ӵ򿪡
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ЩƸȢûģ˵ҶǧڻǸ޸ĸĹŮȢ¶зýǰȥŮĸףûиĸ߼˾͸Ӽˣݵֵľ͸ʾʾˡֱʵȢ޿ͷһء
ҶǧȴΪȻЩļ۸ֻȤֻüһȻĿʵŴˣΪ⣿
δȢһůĶûҲľģжٹҪ޸ȻҶǧһŮһԵ̴涼ΪҶǧֻǹ߰ˡ
ȴĵ˵ҶС㣬ҶͨѽƸͰڼҵµķ˾ͺá
ҶǧЦЦ˵Ŵˣҵļƺû˵Ҫ޸Ļǧ֮ǰʲô˵ʲôô⣬ǽҽǸ
ʱһҶС㣡㡢ǣѲɣѾģ
龰æ֧ʹ˳ȥţһԺӵ̴ǽͷӶ׷ײ²һһ븻СĹѪ¡
Ҷǧ俴һı飬Ļ֪ôڣǻҶǧ䣬ڶʮֿĵļ޸ɡתһҪڲ׶룬պ˺Ҫ͹죬ôŪˣҶǧһᶨĿڵǵģѾϲ˱ˣǲ޸ģ߰ɣ
Ҳţҧҧŵĺ
㲻ţã~
ҶǧԼԷȥһԺӵһͷˮĿǡԷҶǧͷóһɰȡ㿴Ҳܼ޸ԭ򣡡
ȵĿǿƣīӳҰУǣ
ҶǧСĽװغɰķؿ˵кα֪ءһǰҼҳ£үһֱ߰Ұοҡү㣬ܲϲүҲ⣬ʱƣ˵ʱҪȢҹš
ߵĴҶǧĻǧ䣬ˣүȢ㣬ΪƾܳΪ𣿣
Ҷǧһ㺵ġǧ䡯г˾ᣬֻñ˵ɲܹ𶼽ҲǼòġˡǧԲ㣬Ŵ˻żɡȴɵİ̾Ҫ˺㣬ʵҲļ˰
ֻЦһ߳˷䡣ҶǧعͷȥѾ֦Ҷï滨̾һݶ˿˵Ȼڴϣɰѹͷ¡Լ֪ΪҪī껵ȥܾүݲ곹İɡǶԺҶǧſʼԼΪõƶľҪȻôԼݵС
¿и˽ˣȥԸ̴ӽƸȫ˳ȥ
ɵƵī껴ʱһĹٷ̫ī壬һͬӭ𶼡͡ı롣


ʮ 

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̫ӳУϽݣһվһԺæʿĺ档
ī껼ʻſȺУı̫ӵĚi졣iɫɫ鱦Ƕǰ6̧ţԻһ̴ӣ滹ٹ١
ڴʮֲĸں棬ʱĿǰʱŵ͡
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ڣһһѧϢվ˳Ĵˡ
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ɣ㻤͵أ̫īڲʵ
ص£Ѱȫ˵˵һԣ100Ѹٷֳţмһ·һ˵ǰ
£ȻѾǧҽΪͣβأīϣ˫۾ע
ΧĴԼī껵Ļ׷ȥֻ洫һЦңù¡صӭӣǲԵñʧˡæƿӡ
˳̧ͷſϵī΢΢һЦһ̣·ʢĻïʢľȫȻʧɫΧİղɵһɫɴµ̫Ӷɵõɴ۾Ǻεȵɫ˰Ҳֲɡǰһӷ̫īĪһ֪¾Ȼ˾ɫĴڡ
ϵī껲һ˫ֽס֣ôᣡ
۳ۣƲЪЪɡ̫ӲﴫΪɹ̫ӱΡŻȻԭⷬ׼Ϊӭɹ̫ӣʱڴ󳼵ڲƼ̫ˡ
ǣһԵ̴æȥһἸ˱̧һ˹
Ϊ׼ģƲ
ƳһǶ۵ĽӲЦһȻҡһҡǲת˽ӡ
̴ӵһϣ˺ƺƵĽ˽𶼳ǡ
⻰
춬lλǳԽףҶ~ǵҪԽŶ1


ʮ  

ƽ̹ĵ·޽¥粻ʽС̯СĦȺɼĹӻǽ׵ĸС㡣Ľ𶼼ÿ춼龰Բͬӳŵʹһ·ٱذţ̫ӳϲӭͺ̺·ôֱʡ
һǣŴ¡صųиһĨ֮ԱǣңʦǱ߿Ϣ
ڽԵңӦûС
һصķӡһ·ϰĵϢƵҲ˼ֵҪǻԶء20ǰʦУƳ汾һƳ̵һСߣɫų֮Ϊ
ҲǿǹмƷ˵ѪιžŰʮһ죬ΪһɱΣҲɳɾͲ֮塣ʦҲѰٺþòϵģ֪ȴ˿գʱ5һʱ̰ʦķ䣬СĴ˳ؽĹڣ
ǽ˳ƾ˱ľʱĽѱʦʮ졣ûκιƳı룬ȻȴʦѪҺĸýϲѾմȾʦ֮ѪĽѱȫѱı˴СǱóƽ˿ధȨʦʦŴӦ˱룬ҪȻѲ֪ˡ
ΨһԽʹ붬״̬ǧ꺮Ҳڱƹڣһ̻ΪУԼһСǽҲΪһˡʦҲΪֻýѹƵķӵнƵı˻ᱻ֮⣬Ҳ˱һٶ֮塣16꣬ӵ˵һůŮʱ˾˵ķ֣֮ʱͻŻŮڣȹľѪٻصںóһʱ䶼ٷɣŮӾͻ˲һ߸ʬ
ȻʱѾȥ˺ܾãɱԶڴţǰһԼŮһ̾ͱһ߸ʬǻڵʱٵı˵ǶôĲ̵Ĵеǰδеĳª֮ҲûнŮɫѵнĥҪһһŮӡľĿһȻŮӱɳªɱʬ壬Ů˶˵һйҼʹĹ߰ˣϲŮҲŮˡ
ֱһ죬Ȼӹʦ֪һܣǾġ˵ѪԾֻһӵǾʥŮǰʦչõ˵һâӴ̤ѰʥŮ·;ֱǰâȻǿǸ
ԵɺϣҶǧ䡣ڿջſڵǴżƵķӦǿҡŷӦҪҵˣѾˡ


ʮ Լ

µʥϵ޵һžµ齰ڷУϷ߸߹һҶдĸ̽֡ϵϻڷû£ԵĹŮҡȡ
ī녺±۾͵̫Ѩյ¼˵̫ӵ£붼աīüͷ˵Ļ㱨ѹٵԵīԵЩ㲣Ҳ͸һ˿硣
ϣʱǱѾﶫ˰ɡˡϳ̫ӵ֮ʵЩǷװ·һݿ˵ģةҢšةǰī녵ʦһΪϹ⣬Ī녶λʦһֱҲΪ𾴡
ة˶ٽ˵ɹŶ֮ۿ50ͣսЭҲѵڣҪǼ֮ǻսҵѽϣ
ī녳˼ãةҲ޵ֻ̫ӻδҪʲô£ΪǾĺáܲһһõǳأҲһ¡
ةҡҡͷϣɹ50ǰַҹο50ꡣʱĻǧ𣡡
Īüͷĸˣةԣѵ޵ı50û50ǰ޿ԽǹȥҪ˵50ˣ
ʺݵ~̫һͨ˶˵̸
ϣóҩˡ̿˽ĹŮĽһҩϡ
ī논̶ʱɢüЦͻʺˣ
΢ЦǳӦõģȺ˰ɡ˵Ŷսī녣۽ǵɨةࡣ
һԵĹةأԵͷ̾ҡҡͷ˵ϳˣԸ尲
ة⻰˵Իչ˲ˣͣĶ˫ۺЦֱĿŹةࡣ
ة౧˱ȭʺϳ򲻸ҡ
ˣ°ɡī͵İ˰֡
ةֻùָˣ߳µĺһ쳤̾īִ50䣬ȷʵʢ԰ǰī녾ȻԽԽԾˣѵ͵Եʣةǲ⣬úõһôһƵãνջˮ
߿ַǷʢϯĸ裬ΨȴһˣǾһ֮ʹĻ̫ӣӦǹӼɴ˿ɼʢǼ٣أ
ϯڴ̫үѾԻʼմ΢Цǰһ㡣ʵԼųܿܿģԼֻʰˡŲգоϱǰӣʢɹ̫ǰ֮Ĵԡ
ģӹ۵ܺӣȨϵҲһġʵڽѹȥʱƾȫԱܿ100صɹǸ߸ϵ̫˿һһȥܿܿоͲһϸľ˰ɡƾΪۣΪˮˮۣܸۡ
ϯɢȥصݡѹعٱ¥ϷءЦһ衣һᣬг˼ֻɫķɳ档ȥɣг֮ɫȻ仰ҾͺġЩɳƿԽ˷ʩߵİš
ЩɳոշɵſڣƺʲôζѬ˻״һŵ޵İζиһ˿˵ζˮ農ĵš
Ȼһ㴫ߵŵ죬ɡ뵭˵
īƿţ˽һ۾Ϳϵֻ豭ЦЦ˵ϵ˰
΢Цүеڶ˽Ƶ𣿡
ˣ˵ƵҲֻеһ˰ɣī껽Ķű룬ֱڶϰ߿
ҹˣүʲô˵ɡ
īҲûʲô£ǰЩӵõһ͵·һ¡˵Ŵóһµĺӡ
Ĵ˿ĶʱкȻһ˿漴ЦЦӸˡүǺ⣿
Ҳûʲôֻϣ¿԰ﱾһææܼ򵥣ֻҪһʱ䣬ꡣڼ䲻˴㣬ΪȡʲôֻҪϣǧ꺮ǵµˡ
븶֮һЦҪƾ仰𣿡
īΪȻĻصҾˣĶ͵ĳȥҲõĻЩϢȸˡ˵㾶ֱ˳ȥ
ٴǸӣ澲һˮɫðźӹǧ꺮ѹƽƣʹҶߡڱ˵īȥķг˸ӡϷ𣿺ãұϷʧȥģһұȻӱġ


ʮ ʥּ

ľ̿žž濾ůģҶǧڴϹȥһ߿ӷΪȲͣΪԼŷ磬һСӳĺͮͮģĶͷϻһЩϸ
˭һⶼʲô˻ҷôһ裡ҶǧḧţԸȥ
ƿŷ»ǿ滨ȥĽŵ滨̾ʱ찡תۼⶼһˡҶǧ££ϵİɫ磬³峿Щ΢ġ
С㣡ôô簡ˮԺӡ
ɵĺ£ôһ裬Ŀů~Ҷǧֵ˵
ˮ߽ҶǧߣΪ££·С㣡۱ֲɹļĵģ˵ѵ˿ҹﻹкġаһģ಻~
Ҷǧ俴Ŵ˵̵ӣ۵һЦȻˣԽԽСϱˣ߶߶ǵδԺеඣ
ʱ˵С㣡ȡЦ~
Ǻǣ˵ġȳǻ͸°ɡ
ˣߵٲȻһҸСŮ˵Ҷǧ俴ҲɵΪˣҪǴżȻĻᷢǵ£ڻ԰˼أԼҲýˡ
С㣬ǰҡԺſ˵Ӻܼӡ
Ҷǧߵǰһſվľ˻мƺˡ
Ҷǧһɻ߽ӣֻһλɫ·Լ40ҵˡһŹϱ촽СС۾һ̱֮ࡣ֪һΪŲ衣ŴûֱֱֻĿǰ̬Բڡշȥһ±ȢһλͬԱҵĹŮΪޡ
Ҷǧ΢΢òʵŴˣɺá
Ӵ~ŴˣɾʲôҶǧඡͻȻ˵
ҶǧһʱǰȥѵǸ̫ࣿ
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Ҷǧ䵭Ȼճ磬ϥСŮҶǧ䣬չ
ճ²豭ߵҶǧǰ´ţǸ֮ҩҶ򣿿˻ɰ
Ҷǧĺëȫֻ΢΢ͷ
ճҲʲôصλϳСӣһԵС̫æӹһƾᣬûв´ĻǴ˵еʥּɡ
ȻС̫򿪾ɤӣɿҶǧ仹վţѵšʥּϣ£
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ҶǧһһԼʹصлϣ꣡
˵ⲻ֮ҩôӰǰ˵һ˱5ĺͯǰ´ҽ⺢ҹԲͣǰҩȲȥǳġҶǧȻ뵽һǾ裡򵥣ֻҪץõĲҩĥɷۣ󽫷տҩ۷룬ͣĽ֮ͺá
ҶǧԸȥһͽԭһܵҩȫƳ衣5ĺͯҲúʵҩÿ췹Ը費һܱˡǸһһﶼΪ´иҩ׷ǰҩԽԽǰҲԽԽࡣҶǧ㽫һЩҩ裬װСдʳ÷ԼܹЧٺңڵ´üҩţ˼ÿһʱ䶼Ҫȥҩ
ǰһ£ⲻҩҲ˽𶼻ʳ֮ڡÿҩĻʵ۾ȻһҲҪǲҩ˽һĻ


ʮ ʥּ2

С̫ʥּ˵ճڵΪ磬ճһڲˮüͷ˻ȥ漴ָ˲üͷɤ˵СطĲˮЩҭءŴۻȥ㸮ɡ˵һԵС̫æӳ˳Ǹûе·ӡ
չ롣΢Ц˵
ճĲȥҶǧʱһٲͷĿڵҲˣȥʰЩϸŴ˸ϺŰɡں棬ӵĿһҶǧ䣬յ˵˾䡰Сģ˵ˡ
ĿճȥӰ˵Ǹֲʲô󳼣Ǽƣ~
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ĬĬķһƲƲ죬Сֹšûȥ𶼣
ֹʲôأ֪ת۾ʵ
ҶǧͻȻ˵ˣҪȥӲ𣡴ȥţ֪ˣȥʰ㶫ȥ𶼡
֪ĨϲɫӦӦŲ߳ӣٳŻ򴺻һ
һԵĴίҶǧ䣬С㣬ҴˣҲ֪˽㳳ˣҸɡ
Ҷǧ䰵̾һתͷĴļ򣬡ԤСǰȥ𶼲ûôã˵븻½ôĽȥ
ȥֲǲˣС㡣
ҽţѵ㻹ҪǸŲɣȥţҪ˵ͱҶҴˡҶǧüͷ˵
Ų˵ʲôĨȥţˣҶǧ俴ŴίӰһҲ㣬ǴʵΣգǸֱڿû۵ɵǰȥǻẦ㰡෴֪˱Ͼ곤ҲЩǸǽ֮ڱûġ
һ㽫ţˣԼȴܿˡţһͷˮĿŴıӰϴզˣС۸
ţҪһϽ𶼡Ը𣿡Ҷǧ䶨Ŀţ
ţȻһжûмϴıˣϴ󣬿ǳʲô£
ոջʳʥּҽΪʵ衣
٣Ǻ°ţ˵һĴȡ
ҶǧȴһĪչ˵һֺܲԤСʥּһһΥ֮¡νǲȥˣ˼ȥʹ֪һȥ
ţҲ°˳˼һһܴľһ㡣ϴ˵ȥľȥģˡ
Ǵв֪ʱܹ飬ʵڲԸҲǿġ
ţȴһνӣϴ⻰˵ģҪһ㡣ȥ֪һߵʱҰ
ҶǧüԸԷͷó˺ɰ˳ӣ˽𣿡


ʮ һ·

Ҷǧ佫ǿСؿڣʰ˼š߳㿴һԳʹɥĴҶǧгЦЦߵ˴ǰСҰ
С㡭дЩѹ
ҶǧݸһЦı˱ˣҴӦܿͻһŸǰϲ~ѹ˰~
Ҷǧů̼Ŵ񾭣վûסˮصˮ˵ͷʵ˵ţС
Ҷǧ䲻Ҳۿ΢ЦΪȥµױǸĸļˣûӸ˼ˡʱҸ˵һ~ˣЦһ~
Ҷǧ©ѵõӣΪЦʱţҲԺſڣϴŴ˸˴ߴˡ
ʱվô죬Ҷǧ价һȦ˽һļңĶǲᡣ֪ΪʲôܻһָоƺһȥͺٻصƽˡԺֵһһ˱ְο˼޳˵ĴôӰһԵ֪˲ͣشߴűҲûϸʣҶһ˻ֵټ
ͥ˶ҶңҶǧʵû㡣ڵĵ´ѾĶͷ̣˼Ǳŵ´ñŲҩġĳɹҲǸѹʵҶ۷򸾣ǲ֪δġҶǧ䡯һɡ
ڸ緹֮ǰҶǧһſڣ֪ǰһſڵĹٲһЦ鷳ү֪һҶѾչʲôʱ̣
ǹٲϾ򱾵ˣҶǧ˵ͷ˽ȥڵԼ1ʱżչĴӸ˳һͬĻԱ߻վһŮ˴磬ԱҵĹŮɡֻŮҲ㣬ҶǧȴôƣҶǧȴΪȻɾ͵ɰɷֲˣʱ۵Ļ۾
ƺҲӶҶǧԵ⣬֪˵ʲôŮʮֲĵĿҶǧһתˡʱһҲͣſڣ΢Ц˵չ룡
ճ׼֮滹һüͷʵףŴǺⰡ
æ˵չҶС㲽չֱһ
ճġšһûټ׷ʣС̫ıһ·еĻ̫࣬ȻĲǹٷ˭̫˭һ۱֪Ϊר̫Ϣ˭ģ²ġ
ҶǧۺмĿȴܹĿȥȥҶǧ䲻ЩЦǶڡҶǧ䡯İɣվ͸İҶǧƵ󣬵˾䡰ллһջ֡ء
Ҷǧ֪ͬһţ복档һ·˵עĿгǣһ·򱱡
ԭؿȥķþòܻһԵ̴˺üŻԳЦЦת˸


ʮһ ٶ

Ҷǧ⻹ͷһγ·һʱдĲ֮Ҳ·ķ羰һɨա֪ͬһǻǲݣʱʱĴݺٻЦţҲһ·Ϻ߳ɽҰС
ƻ֪ȻŽ˯ˣִֽܹͨߵҶǧ˵ȫûм豸ĽͨߣʵܡҶǧʱĸо쵽һ𣬻ߵļûгԶҪȻ綼µû찵صˡ
ƿӣţƺڱĿ񣬸ϳĳȴһڵӡҶǧ䶨˶ѣӳʵλ磬ۻжþ͵ˣ
ҲǸ˵ˣЦЦ˵ûԶŰɣôҲʮ졣
ҶǧһʱεĵسźĳŻʮ·̾һ䡰޿
ٹ1ʱ͵һ̰ɣٶȴҶǧһ˿⡣
ĵҶǧҲԺ˯ˣ˯ṳ́ܲʵһֱڰΰ֮䡣
С㣿С㣬~
Ҷǧ۾硣
֪εһЦǲأ𶼻кԶءչ˵ţСɡ
ҶǧԺ˳չĽŲ߽һջջҽֻʣ5䷿չһ˾ռ4䣬ʣսǵһ䷿ˡţҪһ䷿ȴҶǧֹˣ׻˵ٶͷԿĻԼţҲֻգǿֻһ䴲СԷţſ˵ʲôҲͬס
գҶǧһ˵ţŸճҾͲϴˣ
ǣֻ~ӺŮסһݣ⡢ⲻʰţΪ˵
ţҵ˵Ҿһ㣬˵ĻҪΪʲô˵һ飬
ţӲͷƤ߽ӣһС̫·ſ˵ţСضŮӣȻӺδأͺ̴סһˡ
ţŸһŽѵһ£ɿҶǧֹֻգһԵһ仰Ҳ˵
С㣬㿴~֪Ҷǧ䣬ʾ˾ȷʵ
ҶǧȴΪȻ˵˵ĻҲ⣿ѲҲһ˼ˮ׼ȥСʳⶼһûĶˡ
֪ԹĶ˶ţɿҶǧǵȻֲ˵ʲôȥСˡҶǧȴ˵һ̣ſڵţ˵ţҺ֪˯ί˯̰ɡ
ţڵϵҶǧ䣬ʱеָжжԼһΪӣָ̾ԼΪһԵܡһ֪˱һСˣصķϣ˫ֲĹĵ˵ʲôƿջȻ˵ֻôҲǻҪҵˣⶼʲô
Ҷǧʮֵζļ́ͷ֪ȴ΢΢һЦѵΪǸȥ𣿡
˻һţ֪˷׷ĿҶǧ䣬С㣬⻰ʲô˼֪ɻʵ
˵ϽԱϴϴ˯ɣҶǧ佫һͷݸţתϴ˰˴ϣǰһеˣһ㴫˾ȵĺ
֪ţҲֻܽӵѹ£ݲʰһ˯ˡ֦ͷϨֲָĺڰ֮УҶǧתΪ֪££ӡǴһ˿¹ĳ񣬸Ǻǣô׸


ʮ βĹ

գҶǧ˲Ŀһţ֪˾ȻڡӵʱźȻˣҶǧĿţֻ֪˶һˮ˽һ
֪˰ôһˣţأ
¥ȥ˰ɣСϴɣոȥСָ̫Ǵߴء֪˱Թ˵
ҶǧҲû⣬ϴʰȴţʱ˴ߴˣֻ֪һͬ¥һ¥ȴûţӰҶǧ׼ǰȥƹʱ֪վſڽĺСû
Ҷǧ첽˹ȥ˳ָ֪ķһֻչߵļһΧסһԵţȴǱ챿˵ʲôҶǧ˹ȥ屻Χ֮ʱʱһô⣡ڵϣؿڻһõʵţҶǧæͷԵþִٲ
λЩˣҼҵܡҶǧ΢Цæλŵʵ˵
ҲûΪһСվſڹģһΪǸСëأԭǹļҵܰοǽʳǶɽˮϼҴڵϰɡ
⻰ʱսȭͷһýģһԵţŸǺ޵Ҷǧ佫ӵϵĻʮֲڵҪ㿪ȴҶǧס磬ܵСҸˡҲû뵽һ·ǼȻѾ˾һ·ͬаɡ
ʲô°~ĶſڣӼͷµûš
ҶǧһͷֻճСӵ̫Ĳ£ͷ߿
չ糿һ֮ˣ֪Ҷļҵܡȭճ㱨š
ӼһΪʲôأطС˾;Щ֪ˡȥɡ˵Ĳȥ
ǣʱ򲻶Ҫ
ţճСӡ
ūŸūŸСӺȻӦԸ˵˻æԸūȨʧһֵ쾡£ҶǧۿһС
һҶǧǰҶǧ˵һ䡰ҪͻҶҹȥҪ˵˵
ֻýİżϴҡ㡣һ仰˵ļᶨִš
ҸҶǧʱ˰һԵ֪ȴЩմմϲţĻ̧ͷ찵̾
ԭ˶С⹷һԵøӵˡ·;һ𣬹ŬŲҶǧ䡣Ҷǧ俴ǵ͹ˣҲȰ裬ľͷһֱͦͦǣͷһ°ɡ
ãȻᶨĿ˿ڣҲ˵ϴҪʲôҾ㣬ϴһõõҵĵطҶǿġûϴ֮ǰǳԺȶǿţ磬ǾͽšֱϴҲŷҾȻҲԿԼҲԻˡԣϴңҲϴ󣡡
֪ĿɿڴĿǰǻһ˵ĹţҲɵһϸԼֺγءҶǧһ˰ٵ˵һ˵ôࡣЩˣ˵ﻹжġʱ㲻˵£ȴ˵֮ԴʱﷴЩԴˡ
Ҷǧ۵һЦ˳Щ̵Ŀˣž͸Űɣôϻתִ˵ţƣ⹷ǵ֢ˡ
ţӦڴҵҰУһ̧ͷȴҶǧһ˫ǵǣæƹЦ˼˽ţͿĸ˼һƺԷüҶǧҪľЧ֮ճԼ10֮ԶܻΧûǵҶǧæӵ˵ǴжΣ˵ñСҪʱСģ


ʮ 

֪˶ʱһһԵţۼֿ켰ʱס졣
Ҷǧ俴֪һۼ˵ҪʲôҪʥּԣǶϲ˶Դǡ
ϴҪǳǲעӰɣţ˵
ˣҶʮܵõ𡭡һ˳ĬһԵ֪ѵ
ӵĿҶǧˣüͷǳˣˣи׼УţȥɱɣҲŵ㿴ʲôû
ţЦ˳⣬Цݵĳų˵СܵܣЦˡ
ǰعͷЦţһӵعͷȥճЩ֪˵ЩʲôţתͷıӰЦݲ복˵Цţȴƽˮ
֪һĳ񣬶֮¹ԵƽࡣҶǧӿ棬ƺǸٵƥҲǺܶģҲǻֵطЩʲôعͷ֪˵ӣҶǧ䲻һοˣʲôµ~ˡ
̧֪һ˫۲֪ĿҶǧ䣬תֵͷȥӲ֪Щʲô
ѹգ̫ҫһһ㣬ůĻ˯Ҳüҡΰ֮ȻͣҶǧ۾ǵˣ
ǰ洫˵չϢƬ̡ţ˵
ϴǡĿҶǧ䡣
н㣡
źķӦæ˿ڡ㣬ȥɡ
ŷ֣ѲǹٵļĺӲݴĵ·һʬҰĺõط˵ʵطɽˮǺġʱǲͷ羰Ҷǧ˻һۣ˵ǾǰԶĵطճһˣС̫రǰǰ̧Ƕ˲ˮġױļĺֵλĺܲ
˼ǧʱһȻεǸϳĳǳûӦһغ֪˿ǰ̵һĻһл˹ȥ֪ˣҶǧǿѹеĿ־壬׼ε֪ˣֻţһϴģ
ĿһһӵԼһԵţ빷ҲǴ򶷵һϾҶǧȻվһǳ˦ȥҶǧһ޸֮ŮӣӶ˾ҶǧĵڴҶΪҶǧ伴ɥʱȻȥ
һרĺȲճͣ˶̧ͷҶǧ俴⻹ճһۿҶǧ䣬ֻŮͨͨȴʱ̻ΣңȻôڸʧ֡ʱҶǧȻ򶨣ϰϣȫѪҺ絹һֱԡ
ճʱˣ²豭Цһһ㣬ֻ˫ֳצҶǧҶǧʱһ䣬θˣһԵĹ˲ԸǰӵҶǧǱȥ
ǧһ֮ʣ֪Ӻδܳ˼֮ճǰһ񶷾ʹչ˶ݣһмС̫ɿճ书ҲͣϺµ˴򶷲ͣ
Ҷǧ俴˿ĿǰʱȫԼĲŷӦڿɲǹսʱ̣ǺҲ֪ʲô·ڻʮΪϵΪҶǧôҲע⣬һŲŲ˫ˣһ߽ĺսеţ빷֪ӱ½ʪһûע⣬ˡһ˺
4ĺˮ̹ǣҶǧ䱾˻Ѽӣûðͷ㱻ļĺˮˡһ˺ţҲ˲óûԼӵˣҲȥ
ˣˣˣˮʱⳡ򶷣һ˶ˮĿӰˣʱæźķ׷ȥ
ճ翴źȻȥĺˣһҶǧҲûӰɵչﻹһˣһվǰȭ㱨š
߽һǻ˹ȥ֪ˣճЦһӼҰŪˡ
ǣ֪ϵˮԣ͵ؽͷˮ֪˱ĺˮĸˣһǰվʱæɪɪ
󹫹󹫹
Ӵ~⻰˵ģǿǻҪˣӼһôȥʳǸšֻС̰棬ⲻһСľ͵ˡ˻ǰɵúú˵ճϧ˵
֪˶ʱһ̧ͷһûСӰ±Ҫæͷ˵ҼСԸʧˮ
~ˣ~˵ָ˸򶷶Щҵͷ֪˱ӵϣֽǼʬӽ˺һ·


ʮ ̫

ĺˮ̼ҶǧѴ񾭣ˮһ˲Ҷǧ䲻ɸ̾ү㶺ذ~ǰ;ˮҶǧͺȼںˮ㽥֪۵ǰһƺˮиܴȦˣ~˯~˯ᡭ
պʳǶڣī껾鷿¹һӡ
ʧ٣īۿ֮ˣ˵λӰӸһŮӣ
үĻʵˮļзѾûûҹѰˡӰһͷ͵ﲻɵðп࣬ҶǧҲǵ߸·Ҳܵºȥڿɿһֵˡ
ӰӼ̳Ʊ֮ڽ˸Ҵī˵
Ӱһæȭһת۱ʧڶī껽˽ȭͷµĿݸ˼ʹᣬǸĸҪ˾𣿡
Ӱʰһҳ
ǣһԵĽӰ׼ȥȴ
æڣүڿ̫֮ܳλʱж̣ǱߵҲûкתڹϳ»˻㲻
壬ֻ̫ǳϹʲôأī˵
ʱһ˾䡰֪˵һߡ⵶˵ĸˣǶԼʵʵĺãī껲ò
߳鷿ǹŮ̫ǫĺţ̫ү顣ٿ̻Ի͵Ķī껲ɵЦһϷŸոտʼɡ
˵īôȻͳΪ̫ӣ⻹ôǰ̫īԣһһջسǳص¿ʼ˵䶼ڲ²Ǽ٣ûñӭɹ̫ӱ롣ڴ֪̫ӵ¿ҪԱΪʣӶҪǳءԴٹҲǸ㼺γճòɿϻʵվ˳˵Ǿһʱ飬ڴͣ˴֮ս
ʱûжǱԽԽһ㣬նīҲһֱҡһգīЯڴԼī·ݣȻֹΪӵī壬Ȼ֪ܵűƺʲôֹˣīҲڴ󳼴򲻿©ǱȴǷŭī껺Ȱã񲿴ӦһЩϲ
ֽվסĻ˵̫īʵ֮ã̫֮Խɹ̫ӱڹݣʵΪԼĻ֮ûֻиī껳ѹЩԣջǴϻʵ۵ĶīڳϲȻŭ̫֮λ
⻰
ǣټ~ôô


ʮ 䲻

̫īһʱ䣬׷Ͷһʱ䳯֮īΪ̫ӵĺٻѲܽڹݣʵ۱ָ񲿱عʱīվ˳ӧԻ͡ϻʵ΢Ц׼ˣʵҲī껵ȷ֮˵ѡС㱻ȥ⣬4ǰʼâ¶һˡִŸʵ׽Ǵ֮λˣ˵ĺī̫֮λ
ƽλڶ½򶫵ķ֧ڶᴩҶǧĵطһ֧ˮķȥھһǧԶĵطһʵķܶ࣬Ǵ֦һᴩɽŴׯһֱ
֮иӴӰǵѰѶȣʱȻϰٸׯȴһʵﶼףˮ෢ĴˮļڰʯĶ࣬ǻˮ׳ҲԱ֤𣬸˵ǲӾҶǧˡ
Ӱһ̽Եģǰһͨ˵үѾֻ࣬ҶСѾ
죡һҪҪʬٵ˵Щеûġ
ǣӰһ̾һ뵽ѰҵĶС
ԭ˱ī껣ī뽣Ӱ˶ڳ﹬ʺһ壬ֱʱֲŻȥī껻ģīһֱʾˣҪ˶ǻ򵥡īڻᶫ·ϣ˰ӸŽӰԼݺҹһ̣ƥҲ
ī˫۲Ѫ˿ضļĺˮġǧ䣬һûüץס㣬ΪͻȻʧˣͷٴ㲻ô뿪ĶԲԣ
ɹʶ
عѴ֮ãʵһȥʵջ٣׿ЩǸĻƽ챦ǧ꺮˵ϵı⺮Ҳʵ棬Ժ󣬽ƹȻ
ټĹڰŪЩĹƳ棬һһª˵Ķ߳ϣ񽥽˵ƷʵмܲסԼΪһѪĹƳ澹Ȼ仰˵ƾǸĸףЩĹƳĺӣҲĸĹϵɡ
Ȼ˷ӦַӦǷɣĸӹƷӦĸоӣĸӦŽơú󣬱۾ŵѿڵľ˵߳˹
ľǵʱ͸Ҷǧ֧ľľһֵ档ϢڻϺ㲻뿪ֱľհ¾ľΪһ壬ƹҪͨһľȡ¡ոմĥõľһͨӣھƹÿһѪʮΪһ֧Եľƹ˱ͨӦ֪ľڵλãЯҲһ̶ܵľıӻ


ʮ 

ո߳ı룬ӭһӡֻͷŶǺ۹ҲУһľɫͷȨȣͷ̵ĿԵ
ʦҪȥءԭ˱صĴʦ
ȥİòȥɣʦ֣վǰǴӺԶĵطһ㡣
аȵһЦ䣬ʦڱȥģǲһһ˵˰ɣ
£ģҿһ֮
ǣѵʦΪһŮӶò𣿡Ц
ʦ߽룬ǻ֪ɣǿӵģʹƣᱻ䳹׷
һЦЦʦ⻰ʲô˼ѵҪһŮʱҪǿģ
´ԲӣʥŮͨŮӣ֮һֻѡһˡĸԸΪģǵȻòģûѡأʦôȻκֻóһµĺӵݸ룬£ǶơõµѪιʳٽʩʥŮϣʥŮҲתרġ
ӹӷİţȻӴһ˿м99మ֮˵Ѫɵģ̶Ȳڽơʦ˴µѵֻΪҰѽƣ
»ȥʥŮɣñ˳Ȼԭ򣬵ȡʱȻҵġ˵ˡ
ĿŶ˼ǧǰż˵ĿԾƣǲûϸעķӵʱֻҹʦˡתһ룬ֻҪܳװ˵ĽƣٶҲֵõģ˽ȭͷ񽥽
ͨ~īѼǲǵڼˮѰˣҶǧԲȥģǽЩʱûѰ㼣ǲòĴ㣬⼸īӰǲˮѰҡĺˮ̼ÿһ缡ī껿ΪԼ£Ըһһı̼ʱ̱ѣܼҲݵļѰҡ
īٴδӺˮðͷһԵӰæֽΪ硣ʱīһǱī껺۾ܣ̲ɽˮƣʵǲɶõɫǧ䣬㵽İ
ī껵߽ͣھӱ׵һ£첽ߵǿʯͷ¼ʲôϸһһĺɰīȴȻЦˣЦ˿ЦģɰӰǸŻѲ⼸۹ȣɵˣ
үǣӰһվһ̽Եʵ
īСĴ򿪺ɰóĶһƾġŵī֣չҰС
ǣһԵӰһȵĿǸƣڰбҶǧʱӰһֹһεļ֤ⷢһ㣬Ҷǧ仹ţ
ī껳һοǿƣ۾ʵӰһ
үشƺӳǡ
ī˫֮ǰȻ֮ɫһɨ⣬ãԸȥ½ƺӳһˣҲҪ˸ҳ
ǣӰһָī껣ҲǿģشҲתټƺӳȥͷһī껾Ȼǿ˯ˡӰһĬվһĬĬšǰүڵûûҹսɳʤ֮ʣҲľ͵ضߡʱΪ˵Ϊ˹ңڵΪʲô
⻰
Ҳ²£˭ҵҶǧأ~


ʮ Ѳк

ҶϡһƲСӣ忡ݵվǰ溰ţһ΢˵ӣͷಽǰţ̧ͷһȻ͹˰˾ŷ֣ΨһͬľŨŨĴüǸҶ󣬻һλĿӵӡӲͣԼ°ͣԵúǲڡ
ϴ𣿡˽ӿڵȫԿ϶ǹô忡ӱȻҶǧˣֵӻ˵û뵽ʧõҶǧˣַʽٴγ֡
ôˣУӴԺҶ½ĵܵҶתЦſû˺һӵţЦЦ˵ţŤŤˣ߿~
Ҷǧ俴űԼ򵥰װţйɵĻһЦ޾֮·ĸоӿͷ»Щ¡
ʱҶǧţȺˮˮļһ˲ͱˮ˺ԶҶǧûðͷͲӰˣʱһ͵ˮСʱүүסڿĵطˮȻǱˮеĹæҶǧȥȻҶǧܳ˵ĹâΧһ롣æιȥƹâҶǧˮȥ
ˮͳ˹еһɸ˵ܣֹʲôħɵʿǴԳȥҶǧġ
~һˮ棬ؼĸоá
ţһͷֻţ֪ɣæҶǧץɡţ빷ýһͬ߿ȥ˾ţ֮ڻص˰ϡ˶ʱ̱˰ߣȻŷָ϶ˡ
ţˮһɲǼ䣬˵˿ӣұһˮĳϴԵøӵĿֲҲòȥ΢΢һͷʹ̣ˮбʯ˵İɡǶ˴ʱ˲ԼʹæҶǧ䡣
ȥ̽̽ҶǧıϢ~ãȻЩٿȷšĳĹҶǧ䷭ϣ´ĺ󱳣ֱҶǧ佫ˮǺ˳ţһЦ쳤̾
ţõ۽Ҷǧ£Щ빷໥Եơڵ´һĹ⾰ڼ򵥵ƻܴġţӲݴҵЩ̶̶󼻿ֹѪףͨһζҩвݵĵطд̶
ţһѴ̶Ըĸ첲ϣתֿ˿Ьӣֺףǽڴû˵ͷ򵥵ķЩ̶һ£ǿˡ
˼ɫǰŴŵģҶǧûܣ500ԶɽƺиɽţԵҶǧɽȥ̫ɽʱ˵ִɽ
ɽƺסһЩƾɹͱ컹һЩɲţҶǧط˱ϣȼ˲ʱůࡣǿһʪµҶǧ䣬˿ɷֻý߿˿˰ҹҶǧ仹Ƿգţֻǿƹصӱߴˮ˺ԼմʪĶͷϡһҹţ빷˭û˯һֱҶǧֱ
ǵڶ죬Ҷǧûѡţ빷Щеȫ˵£ʮӡ˼ȥվţȳȥ̽һ
ţ˰յ·ڼһʹ·ˣ֪Ѿƺӳǵؽˡţ׼ʱȻмλɵһһ·ʲôţ̶һߣ˺·ˣ֪Щҵǡţʱһû뵽Щ˻ݡӳȥˣֻڸһũ˵·ͳʳæصɽ
صɽʱɫţһ߿ŴӺ㡣ţ빷ʳ֪ζĿ㣬һ߽עҶǧ䣬ѾˣҲ˿Ǿǲѡһҹδߡ
ڶ磬ţȻȥﴴһܱĺáţҪҶǧʱ˯յҶǧˡţ빷ǰںҶǧ䣬ʱޱȵĿľͲϲˡ
Ҷǧһ̣˲˹ţ͹ΪԸһδԽءȺ࣬ɽҶǧֵšô⣿
ţŴµ˵һˮ£ԼѰǵ¡Ҷǧ˼ã̾˵˾䣬ѲкѰ
ţ빷ҲʱһҶǧȻЦһļ˵δɹͬ־Ŭ
ţ͹ͻתסˣһ޷Ҷǧ˼ά仯ġգҶǧסȹĽ˺ת˵
ֱգĽҲѺõĲˣҶǧ˲װ߳ɽ


ʮ ˼ȥ

ϴ󣬰ȥİţɥʵ
Ҷǧס˲̧ͷ˿յա΢΢һЦ˼ȥ
ȻҶǧڸոջµ·Ѱʲôһʵϴʲôأ
ûмһɰҶǧ佹ʵ
ţ빷ۣĿڵûа~
Ҷǧ䰵һˣǱˮҲͰˣһϲ˼ˣȥǸǺãУҵûȥһˡ
ţǴϰģ
ǴǸɽԶϴҪȥʲô𣿡ţʵ
Ҷǧᶨĵ˵ͷ״æڵϴڵǣǻ߰ɡ
УҪҸط㣬ұûȥҡ
߰Ҷڿ˼ĵֵܣܲϴһ˶аɡˮͣ¸ƨţ˳С·˵
Ҷǧ⻰ǺЦǸжģ˻һͬ˻ȥӽӱʱȻһˬʵЦԶҶǧ˶ʱ׷èŲݴлǰƶ΢ЩܴӲݴԵķ϶俴ǰ
ֻӱվԼʮˣװ羹ȻˮǰЩһģһ˶ʱЩڵʱȻǳԼġԼν£һʱỹ޴֪ȻҶǧ侪ȵصɴ۾ֱĿԵӡǣҶǧЩñһԵĹʱֹˡ
ͬţ˳ҶǧĿ⿴ȥֻܿһŸʲôʲôʮ׵ľأܿ尡
ţ˵ϴ󣬰ǻ߰ɣȫ
ҶǧüĿסǰͷҲص˵ٵȵȡ
ǲ֪Ҷǧ䵽׿ʲôҶǧ俴һĨƮȻɫӡһĨɫǰ˵ĳ¸ԡҶǧһôῴء
ģڲݴšǰӲ֪ڸ˵ʲôһǺ˱㾡ɢȥֻһԸȴ˯ˡǿ˯ŵˣҶǧ䲻֪Ϊùֵֹġ뵽ҲĴգҲһˣ滨ĵԼ
ҶǧһٿǸӣԼʲôˣ˼ˣǷԼˡ
ʱһһĹȥˣſڲݴеѽӲĿɳˡʱӲŽߵһӼ˹תһԵȥӽ߿ǰӺ˹Ҷǧ˺Ȼãתһˣǿˡıˣ˵̫ء˼ȥ˾Ȱ۲쿴ȡ
ȻǰӾʮ֮Զĵطס˲Ҷǧûмﰵֹذǿݴԣź̧ͷȥ
һŻҶǧ䣬ֻ˫ۺЦƫе˸ĿԡҶǧһ¿ˣ
ǺҲǣүôˣǺӳʵ
Ӷٶ٣תƥһķعͷ˿ݴԣЦЦ˵ûʲôոտһֻ˵Сè˵ǺӲȥ
ҶǧһվȣĿǰȥķˣΪʲôأѵݵ̫ˣҶǧ䴹ƲСӡ
ţ֪ʲôط𣿡Ҷǧָȥķ򣬻ͷţ
Ӧƺӳǰɡ
ãǵĵһվȥǣҶǧ˵űͷǰȥ
Ĺʵϴȥĸʲô
Էѵ㲻𣿡
˻һţ빷ʲôţ˵ϴ󣬰һǮûˣ
ҶǧȴЦЦ˵Ǿ͸Ҫȥˣˣ߰ɣ
ǵƺӳʱ֮ǰţЩѾˣǺ˴ҡڵľƺӳǡ
ƺӳǹȻҪЩҶǧ˲ϵȥһʮ·ʱҶǧȻֹ˲Ŷ˵ˣҵȽһȥڵҰ˵ܿˡ¹ţˣȺжվţܵİֻð̿ˮ
Ҷǧܿһξֱӣ˿Ѿȫţ͹ߡŻ߽ǰҵ̣ʱ·ϣҶǧȻ˺ö취˼ȥֻ취ˡ̵ƹ˽ˣ޾ɵĿڵ͹
Ҷǧԥ֪οڡͷϵǸľҶǧϲЩ鱦ΣֱղźڡȫҲֻӿóˡҶǧ俴Ǹľﰵİɣҿ϶ġ
Ҷǧҧҧ˹ȥƹģҪ㿴Ҷǧ˫Ǹӳʸƹƹ׼ȥʱһָֻȡ
ι㡭Ҷǧعͷⲻ֮ʱʱһ


ʮ ֪

С䣬Ķôϧ𣿡ϣҶǧֳƺģֻǱ˰ɡ
ҶǧĿɿڴǰλһʧӣû뵽òٴȻ¡Ը˶ôԲһ㣬ζӳµġټʱЩధ֮顣һƽһ鿪ʵĪӣôⰡ
뿴ǰճƲСӣڵҶǧ䣬ֺЦӣˣ߰ɣҴȥԺóԵģ߳Ա߸㡣˵űҶǧ߳˵̡
ǵ̵ƹȥķ򣬾þòܻ˼Լ˴뱲ˣһμŮӵӣǼʶඡ
һ£ճŵı뻽סҶǧ䡣
ôˣҶǧĻعͷ
Ц߽Ҷǧ䣬Ľľԭ߸ķϡ˵С䣬ҪúϧŶ´ΣҾģѪ
һ仰˵ǰᣬѪȵġҶǧҲɽһ㣬ֻôĵ˵ͷʱĲţ͹ǵԼء
ҶǧվֱʮֳϿҵű룬˵Īӣʵǰʱĵһͬǰ𶼣֪·ȴ˵Ĵ٣ϵĲһɨաʵûа취ų²ߣĪԭ°˶ټڵĪŵùңȾȼЩһصһ
ȴ΢΢һЦʲôŲأ߰ɣȥ˰ɡ
΢Īߵķ˿΢΢ڶȻ˸ŲԵĹâ΢΢̡˵ʵĪĺһҶǧһ㣬ĺЩҡǰлӰ죬ƺһ߽ʱжһˣʹʱ㣬ô˵Ҳ360תġ
СڿȺдŵţ빷Ҷǧϲǻ˻֣ţҲɵǺǵĻӦţֻйüͷҶǧӡ
ϴλǣʵ
ǲǵˣĪ룬Īӡһǰ´ÿġ
Цųǵ˵ͷǴкѵ֪λȥǰĸ;Сۣɺã
ţáţشҶǧȻӦ
һ;ʱѵʱ֡Ҷǧ䲢֪⸣;ԶһҾ¥ƺӳһҵһ̤¥ҶǧһӲõСЦݵӭ͹٣Ǵ⻹ס갡
ļϺõĿͷ뿪ڵ
~λ¥롱õطķǲһһӹһµġ
һ϶¥ȫԻΪǽšڣ֪δԨԴĹŵ¶˶ʱĿɴʱҶǧ䲢ͣѳ˿ճǼơ
⿴Ҷǧ䣬ɵЦЦС˵ǵɫȫһ飬㡣
ϣ͹ԵȰ
ӽŵڣҶǧﲻϵطֹǻӦǮңֱھһǮûĪòʹһϵ±ɡһԵţȴϴʺܸһٷ
͹٣Ĳ~һߺȣᶯСķ˽һ̣СһӣǲǽհǸҶǧһ
ƺҲʲôС䣬㿴ʲôأ
һССԼţ˴һСֵǣ˾Ȼǵĳƺæ²˱ˡţ͹ֵǣϴȻ
ҶǧŻعŴֵεĸЦǺǣĪҲǵģ㻹ǽҶ½ĺá
ˣҶǧĿתĶɫζȫĸֲƷʵԳԷ
ЦȻԣ԰ɡ˵űҶǧ䲼
ҶǧѾûˮˣʱĳȫԱ쫷ĸоֻ΢ЦŲͣΪвˣһԵĹǰİݣûгԶ١


ʮ ºڷҹ

㷹Ҷǧӡ̧ͷֻĪ뺬ЦԼֻһˣһ˵ʵЩ֡Ī֣ζ
ЦЦǰڼУںңҾˡ
ҶǧʱĪ˵Ц
һԵţһͷˮʵ벻ͨ˵ʲôϵһԹüͷ޵øˡ
ѵ㿴Ҳ𣿡벻ʡ
ҶǧЦģȴѰ˼ţٴοڽǮ¡
ʱȻʵ֪ǽҪȥģ
ţ빷ˢˢĽĿͶҶǧ䡣ǰҪȥأ֮һγž⵽¡ȥءճѾΪˣڻǻΪҶҴˡһʱỹ벻ȥġ
Ҷǧ첻ЦЦ˵С˰ɣɫҾϢɡ䣬õСֳˡ
λ͹٣ʵǲ˼ֶֻŷĺŷеŷšСΪʵ
ȻĻǾίͬסһˡ뿴ţ˵
ڿǳ˼ҵ˯˼ҵģĻʲôҪ󰡡գҶǧ䱻ֶŷţ͹ס˶ĵŷ˵Ƕ棬ʵмźôľ롣⸣;ӹ㣬һǴڶסˮ׼ԹִǼƵꡣ
һţһɵѬҶǧ䲻̾治ΪַµĺľΣ߻һĵ磬̨ڷһεĺ߹磬һ˸ߵԡͰˮ¾Ȼȵģһžˣ߽һϻһոµʿ
Ҷǧ˳Ĳϣůůġû뵽Ī뿴ƺôŵЩµŵġ
ǸԡͰˣһûˮǰ󶼿һûˮҶģ̌ţȻйɹζǸúúϴϴˡ
Ҷǧصſڣ׼ʱǰɫӰֱǰ߹߽˸ڵһŷҶǧæţʱ˺ü֡˰ΣҶǧȻӦظﵽҽŸë߰ΪʲôҪš
һţһߵ棬߽ԡͰȵˮΣҶǧһжû˷ɹ˰
УҶǧαװĺѲ֪ȥ˿̵ؿԡͰϾԼʱ߸īɢ˿īһں󱳡µüۣСɵĴǣѩļˮѬС˵ģдŵǵôôֻԡСè
˵ʵڵģһûôúվӡһƺȸոմԽʱÿࡣŮʮ˱ԵʰɣȻǴһҶǧŤֱǹƤˡ
ԴӵһʱϴָоҲ״Ҷǧ䲻ģͷ߳ԡͰߵǰתһһŻҶǧ䣬ֻϺһƬֱԼ5ҡȥƤʲôƤ͸һ㡣
찡ʲôҶǧƣʱͻȻ˴ѵ͵Ҷǧæߵǰһװ
ϣ뼸˽ֲ¡¹ҫ£ֻаȵһЦȻǺһȣλ˶ʱ㵹ȥһһӷ䡣ڵϵĺˣžֵû˺һᣬЩ˵۾½½һѺɫСӣӼΪĺˡ
ݶϵıӣдһ˿ݣһᡰҪˣҲ֣
˰ΣҶǧݶû˶ųһ̾Ȼ̫ƽ
ҹˣ澲ͬһ㡣İѾðգԤʾٹ3ʱµһ졣ǵļˣԼǲТտº˵һҪúûţϵڵԼȴŶأ±Ҫ˾ȼõӣ̸ʲôѰܡ
ˣܣҶǧһβȥѰǸνأֻǹҶģ˵ܻҴԽйءϸ뵱ʱҶ۷ǼӺ󣬿ʼΪ죬ӱǽ𶼵үī껡˴ν𶼣һȥˣ
ӣǸī껵ơʱǸƵӣͶһסڸڡºڷҹҶǧ䲻̾үչһذ
ԳУҶǧϵ룬ŵĳš¥ֻдŵƣ¥϶һƬҶǧ仳ģߵһŷһƣžȻûҲҶǧ˷䡣


ʮһ 

ǳǳ¹⣬ԼܿһŷŷּһģһҶǧ񣬻ǰƶš
С߹ʱԼ俴һˣؾǰӰɡҶǧһضŴϵˣСĽŲŲӡߵǰֻӱƺ˯úܳһ·ĵǰϡ
Ҷǧضӣ·﷭˰죬˷ЩƱ֮⣬һ񡣿ǵƱҲ֪жǮźĴŽԼĶﰵֵܣҲû취¡ôǮ͵ҽġҶǧ䴧Ʊ׼ʱϵӺȻˡ
Ҷǧæӣǹûж̧ͷһӲǷ˸ѡҶǧ仺ĳһɾڴʱ¹ӳ£һע
ֻӵĲϹһҲ֪ǸʲôҶǧעǸţ˵˰ƹڲ׻˵úãʵۻȿ˵
ôȡҶǧͷһ룬˵ͷֵܣֻ˯һЩĪҪҰҶǧ߽ӵİٻѨֱֱȥ
Ҷǧ佫ҪʱӺȻ˹һץסһֻס죬һѹ¡
һϵеĶ̫죬쵽Ҷǧ䱻ѹ£Ŀɿڴƣþòܻ룬Цһʲôʱѧˣ
ҶǧĶŽ˻ҶǧʱסŤͼѣҲͣغţǳڵĻȫ˻ȥԶȥĻ棬һŴһһ£µӲͣŤһ߻~~ôô顣
ʵȴģӺͳɤһˣ~
Ҷǧ룬£йˡҶǧ䲻ǸҶǧĶµ룬ľ
ʱ簲ˣԭĻ黭浽սᡣȼͺ˼ˮűŰҶǧǰ
ʱҶǧǣڲֻܶһ˫۾ȵתתȥֻֻŰɫ£ʵΪͨϻЩɵĳ죬ΣԼ档ոһλãҶǧ˵Ϥˡ
Ҷǧʱǿ಻ԣĨõ֪ܵĶǰϻ˵~Ұ~Ȼϻǰλˡ
ҽ⿪ĵѨ㰲㡣ҲˣҲߣ߲ġԲҪͼˣ̸̸𣿡
νʶʱΪܣҶǧæգգ۾ʾͬ⡣Ű̾һϵ롣ػɵҶǧ䣬·ǽӵӸһǵۺƲƲصϡ
īһ˿Ц⣬ʵһʼװ˯֪Ҷǧһġ֪Ѿͷ֪ʱѧ룬ǷӦʱĵˡ
ҶǧһȵӣīǿЦ⣬ʵҹĴӵԷкĿģ
Ҷǧ俴Ȼֿͨɲһˡ˵ҲǸˣɤӿڵλ̨ҹʵáҲȷʵвѵɣ̨Ƿںӱ߼һƣ
𣿡ֻӴȡһƣҶǧʧǿ顣
Ҷǧʱ۷Ź⣬ԣԣ˵űȥӡ
ȴͻȻ֣Ҷǧ˸ա֪д˭𣿡
ҶǧʱһӵļŪǺŪˡҶǧ룬̧ͷ˫ί˵λ磬֪һǰүǴׯ档ұһСׯĹǼʲôٹУοүˡ
Ҷǧ˶٣תֻһߵӣԺ󣬾նү󣬰ĽүˣȴơİţͽǺһ룬ϾүƣԭĺáǧӼ𶼣֪ȴһСĸŪˡ·ҵʱ򣬱㿴㡣
Ҷǧһ˵鲢ïҲ档ʵīѿҪѹƲסĵĿЦֻõͷΡ
˰Σͷлһ˿Ŀ˵˵ҹҷɣ


ʮ 

Ҷǧһ治ǸúŪΪ˰ȫۻ취ǣλ磬ҲҲû취ⶫϾǻ֮ĸģʴҪʵȲѲų²ߣҿķϣ͸̧֣ƻҰɡ
Цһڵⷬ˵ģ˸ͬܣ©ٳīӽסҶǧ䣬Ц˵Ϊˣ֪үһǰйÿطʱ೬3졣֪ʱ䣬ȴù﷼İүѲүǵ̫ӣһһүƺ֪°ɡڿҪ˽Ƶԭ򣬿úú̽һˡ
ҶǧʱļһŪɳ׾ˣǣ󡢴ϲǾ͸ˣҹҾиˡ˵ű
ţˣ˵Ҳ١ī껵Ŀڵ
Ҷǧﰵп࣬ڵĴϣѡҶǧ䰵̾һȻһƨϡ
˵Ҳɣ̫ʶǹһĽ̫ӣµǿ԰һ
Ҷǧ⻰һʱ䲻֪ѡǾܾĻֻ¾ʹһԽ𶼵ĺûᡣǣ˲ϤԼôӦˣǱƭ˸ô졣Ҷǧǰӣϸһ˵üۼ侹һ˿ϤСѵ̫ͨԭ򣿲˵ҲȲ˵䲻ȵģ˵ʶҲһ
ôңҶģ̌ͷʵ
ʳټҽ߳Ĵ򣬸ոռƣҲЩҽɡʱ򣬾̫˵Ǵ̫Ի㡣
ʳǵô֪УôкĿģҶǧüͷʵ
ΪʼҰ£ʹȻ١ʱȥȥ㡣ɡ˵ΪҶǧÿһ·
ҶǧһڿϷԼˣæ˳´˷ڡصӶŷʱһСϰ°ƽˡԼЩӣһųµʱ䣬ͷô£ǽն񰡡
ڵĴ⣬ճ綨ưոݡΨһϣֻܼҳܣǲǿҴȥˡΨһҲֻҵīˡո˵˼ΪǮܻǮǾͲ£һǰ𶼵Ҳʲô¡
ҹžԶȰ˼ְݣһЩµǣںҹշת˼ҹȰֶ˼ϣΪҹܵõһµ졣
ҹԶôݣ۾һһһϾ͹ȥҶǧ䶥èۣԸ˴Լ겻˳òװɽĵѣ˽˯ʱ䣬Ǹֵ˷ѵ˴ҹ
òͨ˯˾һϵĹΡҶǧֻصִ߻һӡԸϲӡЦЦѹѹ
ҶǧεĿžԼ̾ǵ˻˰涼ʼ̸Сء
~~~
ҶǧƲСӣճʱһò
˭
С䣬ҿԽ𣿡Ȼ˽
ԭĪ밡Ҷǧһճźӣһߺ˵ɡ
⻰
ڶҲʽʼľԽԽյģСܣҲˮġ


ʮ 

һ̤뷿䣬㿴ҶǧͷҲصھϡС䣬ڸʲôأ
ôճȥأ治֪ǹŴ⽬ô~Ī֣æҶǧһְƲСת˹
Ҷǧ۾ճƲбĺӣεЦЦǰ˵㽫Ʋӳ
ιæã컹ҡ
ЦһС䣬ȷճӾˣ
ҶǧʱЩ飬ϲôݵ˵ˣһˣ㷢ң˲ҲûҶǧͷ˼ʱֻǱĶ档֪óһЩ֬ˮӵҶǧԵʵĪ֣Ҫ
ѵΪƲСӱ˾ϲ𣿡һҶǧ軭
ʸϸ̿ʣɨϢĪϣеĵҩζʱûаȵЦݣһ͡˵˧ʱ˿̣仰õ쾡µ֡Ҷǧ䲻ɵӿ죬ҲĸһĨΡ
һȻʵС䣬Һÿ𣿡

ͣ¶սҶǧһᣬС俴ǿ˰ƣˡ
Ҷǧ侽ȵվæڵǸˣˡ۽ǵƳ˾ӣҶǧʱסˡ
찡忡üĿŵʣֵĺᡣһ忡Сϸü仹빷ЩơҶǧĿĻڵĪ룬߽ﻹ߶šѲҲǻģ
ؿɻˣĿЩһסҶǧ䲻ص裬ЦһС䣬
ҶǧæԼ֣ε˵ȥģҾǿ㻯ױôã֤һǲģɱ밡Ҳ˵ˣҪȥҵȥˡ˵űܳ˷䡣
ϣܳҶǧ䣬ǰײ˸˼ҶǧͷҲ̧ĵǸܿˡ
ī껿ĨĶӵӰƺ뵽ʲôת̤Ӷŷ
īүþò
£īۿǰӣ֪ν°
ааһЦ⻰˵Ŀ谡ôҲǰīү̫֮λš
ī껻֮һЦŶôǵãֻ˱ʽ׶أ
˵׿ݲ˵˵Ϊء뵭˵
ī΢䣬ѵǲΪѣò˵һ䣬Ϊͣ»ǵ͵Ϊ
Ȼĵ˵ͷлīүѣ˵ʵڵģݶϵҰè治ٰҹΣһ˼ֻ⻹öлīүﱾʰоְ
ЩҰèʵɶʵҪлΪءǵûʲôµĻذɡèˣȻˡУ̫ӵϲľۣ´֪һҵȻʳǴһӭӣݹ⡣ī껾ݣɢȴһҲ
󻹵лл£չİաԱɡ˵뿪
иһ˿⵹Ҳǣīүļءһ²˵ÿԳɻ𣿡


ʮ ض

˻һī껵ɫʱΧĿ·һ̣Ҳ½˼ȡȻĶǳĿ԰ӿ𡣾ڴʱ⴫һ˵۵Ŀػɡ
Ī֣º˵ףʶҶǧվſڣֵĿڵˡ
īϸݺҶǧ䣬üĿҶǧԲߣҲǸ濡ӡ˵һ˻ûġ뻹ӣӣҶǧƺ֪ʵݰɡ
λ̨һνʶġû뵽˼䡣ī껵ļ򣬿ô¡
ϴ㡭ʱţ빷ҲߵſڣһˣæҶǧ˳
ϴǸеĲǡţʵ
ҶǧȴΪȻţļ򣬡İɣ㿴ӣǸողҲûϳ𡣡
ҲǣոҶǧ䵽ʱΪ˭ߴ˷䡣ҶǧͰ죬ǲšһĪǰ߳˷䣬æʾţĪ˵
Ҷ֣ʱ쵽ʱˣѷԸСżΪǲ˲ˣ߳ԱİɡȻƺΪҶ֣Ҷǧֲϰˡ
áҲҪͬ˵ء
һ˺ƺƵż䣬һǰӾͿڵһīλСֵôƺ
ҶǧԼ󷽵ĻشҶ½ǼҵҶҴҶţ
ţ빷ϴ˽ܣҲҶԣֻ΢΢һЦ
û뵽СֵôԵﶼиī껽עҶǧ䡣
Ҷǧһ治סķֹǸԵϻװһܿĵ
һԵıˣһ˿áЦЦʵҶ֣ող˵Ҫ˵𣿡
һҹЩ£ȥһ˽𶼡
ǻ治˳·һź˵
ʱҶǧģȹϵһ尾˳·˳·ͶˣҪӣ˳˳·Ⱑ
ʱǰӺȻڵҪȥ𶼣ǺСֵһ·鰡
ҲãǾͶл̨չҵСֵˡδҶǧشĪ뵹ʮֿĵĴӦ
Ҷǧ俴ĪظӣﲻɵЩįǮͲߵӣ𣡽ֲġ
գҶǧԻʰΪɣŹţŻصֶŷ˵ʰǳǼƾɵŮװǻʲôҪʰģķЩ
ϴѵҪȥ𣿡ʵ
Ҷǧ˵ͷ
Ϊʲô
ûճΪʲôҪɱǣҶǧһʵţʱһҶǧ
ҶǧغŴǰСĽĿڵʥּʣ϶ġͳճϣһڹΪʲôΌּڼ϶è塣ճ綨ô׵ΪˣֻҪһǽ·һǣܹ㿪ճ磬˵·
ϴҪضţѿڶ
˵ˣһҹĿǰҲֻˡ
ʵΪʲôҪӦǸеһߣЩ˿˰


ʮ ı

Ҷǧ˶ٿڵ˵ҲĿǰ˲ҪˡĿƺǮֻҪǮܰ쵽£Ͳ⡣һ·ͬУҲ˶Ŀﲻǡ
һĵǣϴȷ𣿡
ֻһһˣˣʰ߰ɡҶǧ䰵̾һվ
ţĸҶǧţ;¥£ֻīѱĪ΢ЦĿҶǧ䣬֪Ϊʲô˿ĵԼߣ˵ıơ
Ҷǧޱľֱǰ߹ȻĪס
С䣬𣿡ĪдЩᡣ
ҶǧعͷȻأѵҪ𱧱𣿡
һ˿һᡰС䣬˵Ŷ˵һѽҶǧӵ뻳С
ĻҶǧʱһ㶣漴عæµҪСͨ˵ʲôſң
ʱΧǷ׷פָָȻ˵ڶ½֮Ѳʲô£˿ݵλӵ§§Ļǵһμ
īǣʱ㿴һĻǵ︡һĨ⣬ֵҲɵýճȭͷ
̧ͷī껣ȻĶơīĿע£ֽ˻ͷҶǧ˵С䣬ǳ˵ĵضҪչ˺Լˣúʹ룬Ҿͻֵġ
Īƺ͸Ĥֱ˵ϣҶǧС࣬һֱƤСӣֻӲͣ룬ֱͣĵסҶǧˣš
Ҷ֣ʱˣǸˡī䵽ҶǧĻ˻
Ҷǧ͵ĻȻӵ˶΢ЦĿǰ˶ƺǻϲĽ
ĪĪ֣ء˰~Ҷǧ侽ȵתȥ˵̧ͷһܵȫǰΧ
ϳɡīƽӦʱ˹Ҷǧæ˽ӡ
ãһڹСƽҶǧյԸԴε̾òಡɣһӵͷڳӣҪǶҹȥ
Ҷǧ͵͵ȥֻīƥţ͹ԼȴĿһĪ뻹վԭأ㵹ЦݿҶǧæӣΣĴ
һīһҶǧ״æһ߽λ˳
ī󣬳ų˵˾䡰߰ɡ
ǰУҶǧûסƿ˳ϵĪ˻֣˾䡰ټ
һԵī껼ˣʮֲѵ˵˾䣬з磡ӷ󣬾ͿųĿȥˡ
Ҷǧ޾ɵġŶһӷ²òͷԺ·ذҶǧ䱧Ű̾Ϣš
Ӱѿˣɱ뻹վԭΧҲϧɢȥãóһӣţȻ˲


ʮ 컯Ū

ѾʻƺӳǣʱҶǧѷֲ嶫ųšʵʱҪõĺܶ࣬Ȼβ࣬ܳƵǬ
ڱһ˵ҲҪЩҲԿЩҲǾķƵģм仹һСƺǶġ
ϵڿĴ·ʻţ·ƽԭߵرȵҹûչ˺õܹʱҶǧ᧿Σʶ
ī΢΢ֻ̧ҶǧŬ˯սţģʵҡ
Ҷǧ仹Ǳܹˣͷһ˯˹ȥʼƺҵһʮʵͷһϤ¡ڱϢ䡣Ҷǧ买˹ͷ߽һ䡰ӡ
ī΢΢һŰԸȵͷ˶ЦҶǧüĨƣ֮ɫﵭЩۡīֵҶǧ˯Ѩִλóһ̺Ϊĸϣһ˫Ķ顣
һУī껴ӻóһţüͷϸĶǽӰӽ𶼴ż
˵ճѻص˽𶼣һµùһѱһĺ˵ţиʶ֮дʡͬһĻһλŮӣһԲͣؽ˵ԼСǻʺ˼䣬ճȥ
ǻϵȴÿ£īϳ붫ʱҲԽԽƵв
ī΢΢˹תۼżһֽĭ⣬޺ۡͷ۳˯Ҷǧ䣬ķ꽥ƽϢ˲١ī껰ǵǰεĿʣľǶԵ
֮ǰΪԶ㲻Ϊ鷳֪治ǸʡĵСһ⵹ΪԼ⵵¡ڣֻ뾡һа취ߣԿŰġ
ϻʵȫĸˣʳֶīϵˡҪİ᲻޷˵İأ
īۺӣεЦЦ̧ͷε̾һν컯Ū˰Һ㣬תתת磬վˡȴݡгһյ֮ϵĶ壬ҾͰһж㣬
ҶǧƺʲôΣüͷĲ˲Դģ߽ȱȱ
īŲɵĿЦҶεΪ㻹üͷԣҪüͷī˳ʳָҶǧĶͷ
Ҷǧ䲻֪ԼںδܶǰããһƬǵҪȥԺֻ֡ȱϵػšҶǧվϵǰȥƺǸʲôȱľǰҶǧֻòͣͣǰţšȱ~ȱ
ϴϴ󣿡
˭ڽңҶǧŴתѣʵ˯ۡô˯˰һȦԼƺɫڵĹ߻粻塣
Ҷǧ΢΢ʹ̫Ѩһƺһʲôһһʵ̺ӡԼôˣ˯Ҳǳģֻ˯ôð
ô˵һΣԼƺ׷ʲôˡ´εһҪܿ㣬ҵǸˣݺݵһ٣ˡҶǧ۾˸ƿ


ʮ 

ϴʲôأͣðأսҶǧѯʵֲĿһǰī˵Ǹ˳ǽ㡣
Ҷǧ˳ŹĿǰȥ谵ɫ£ԶԶȥ˾ԵЩʵеˣԾ˯~Ҷǧ΢ЦŻش
һϳĳѼ˻ѡŻԿƺǸɽ꣬ܶʯͷҲסҹķ硣ҶǧǰʵΪʲôˣ
īתƽ˵˰ǰ߾ɽ·ˣɫ⽫һ߰ɡ
Ŷȥ𶼣ֻͨɽ·𣿡
һٵҪܵ𶼡Ǵɽ·ߵĻػհܵ𶼡īĽ͵
ҶǧƶǶĵ˵ͷţҲæҶǧߣĶī껡
ī껵ĪȻ˶ʯͷϣҶǧ͸ϸŶˡ˵ͬڻĽҰϯض˼˵ͨ͸һ޷ԵʡٿǣΧһ㣬Ҫж
һǳ˹ﻹһֻɾҰζƺֻɽ֮ġֻī껴óһذףֻɽж˿顣
ǳҲۼֿĽЩ鴩ľϣݸī⴮طڻϿʱʱĻ㳵򱸺õϡһб㴫ζ
ҶǧĿɿڴģǰĶ˵ʣôǸʮָմˮˡŶ洫ζӻЩء
ȻһֻȳԼǰҶǧ˳żϿȥֻīһƽ˵԰ɡ
Ҷǧӹֻȣӿˡ׻˵úãڷǼ鼴Ҷģ̌ͷʵǲ붾Ұɣ
īƳһҶǧ䣬ûֻǽȫָ˴ҡǳһ
ҶǧԥʱīƵĴҪ֮ǰڳϣ㻹ܰȵ˯ѹ𣿡
ҶǧʱԶԣֻĬĬؽĴϡҶǧӣݺݵҧһڼȣʱһڼ֭Ϯ˿ڳݵÿһ϶ȵѿĽƽ࣬ȴޱȡ
˵ʵڵģԴ⻹ԼԵζʳһֻѱ𾫹⡣Ҷǧζ˱˱Ըָͷ͹ⷢ촽̧ͷһīˣŲ˼Ŀ⿴
ǳҶģ̌ͷæԼһߡʱʱĻͷһۣҶǧ仯ΪһԵĹԼﻹû⣬ٵҶǧǰ˵ϴﻹС
ҶǧŷӦոյԼжôʧ̬æվҳԱˣ԰ɡ漴ǰŵī˾䡰ллһԡ


ʮ 

ɫװŷܲҹգҲĽ¶Ұ⣬⵽Ϯ
ΧŻ˭û˵ܾĿ£Ψвмž졣ԵЩѹ֣Ҷǧɤӣ׼һϷ֮ġȴīȡ
īҶǧ˵ȥ˯ɣ˺Ӱһҹһ仰ߵԵһʯͷϴ
ϴ˵ҲԣȥϢɣүҹţ˵ͷ˵
Ҽᶨ̬ȣҶǧҲ˵ʲôɨɨƨϵĻȥ
Ҷǧϳǰ͵͵Ŀ˫صīƲƲת˳ڳϵҶǧ䣬ε̧ͷ̾һ˯һˣǻʲô˯⡣ĹŴʲôҹûУճϢġҲû绰ʲôģⶼʮˣҲ֪Ǳôˡ
ȥ˲֪ڼֻˣ˿˯ⶼûСҶǧ䷭ƿӣ˳ϡ
ԶţȻŹСֻʣǳţʱʱЩɲ񡣶Աʯͷϵī붨һϢûС
Ҷǧ䰵̾һķǡŬֱŮʱƺһ˿ζҶǧͷһȻֻȡ
ģԱϢ컹Ҫ·ءī֪ĵݹһֻȣҶǧƽ˵
ǸģҶǧŵֻȣīϧֻ̫ܿŵӰ
īۺЦĿΪҹӵȻһҪǿֻҶǧ䱧ֻȣһԥӡī껲ЩεҡҡͷѵΪһ¶㣿
ǵǣֻǺΪʲôȵ~Ҷǧ˵СĿ˼ҵӣæҧһڣ˵ôΰ~롱
ī껼ҶǧĵӣɵЦЦȻʱͣһ̸öôðҲ̫ӣ㲻Ҷǧ䡣Ҿң㣬Ǿǿ£ԶӶЦ¾ã߾ͺá
գ컹һ˾̤ǰ𶼵·
Ҷǧ仹ųŹӣֱī߽ǿ۾ʻʯܵСڵתѡҶǧﰵģȥһҪһĳйߣȥѹˡ
ϵǰţʱ֡īӳλóһЩСģǿ˸
ڳҶǧĸܵƺԽԽ졣ƿӿ˿ΧľݴԣȻǸʽС·ֵط֪ˣ治һˣҶǧ䲻īԽԽˡ
֪ƣǰţתɫī˵ĻƺѾ𶼲Զˡ
Ȼֻһ˻˲ͣڹԣҶǧ㱻˦˳⡣
ҶǧһʱֻһϴСģҶǧ䰵׼ʱоһʹ漴޾ĺڰ֮С


ʮ ִԽˣ

Ҷǧ仺۾ӳľɫĹᣡİѲִԽˣҶǧ΢΢͵Ĳ
ܣҶǧûˡӺǸ׼䣬ɵԷԸӵ󣬵ϻĲ˹̺ϺõĺľΣмž硣ɫԣһ߶ϺõĴƷ
ģǴԽļҵĸС𣿡Ҷǧӵʣ򴲱ǰ˸ߵľӿȥ
һ͸ˣ˵òû䣬ӦΪòûź֡Լ֮ǰѱĪݹˣ֮ǰװȴһϮɫŮװ
Ҷǧڵϸ£ǵûȥǰһ̣ƺѾ𶼲Զˣȴ⵽˰㡣ɫʱ֣ʱѽƻ裬Լһˡ
ʱԼͬԼһֻǺīԼʮа˾žīˡ
ѵԼīԺˣµļԺ𣿻йţأȥˣҶǧӵͥȥ
ƹƿֻͳһװѾٵСйоصվſڵλá
δҶǧǰѯʣλϥһλڵСūӭ
ū
ǰԸСԷţ˳
£˭Ҷǧ䲻ʵ
СĻ±̫ӵ¡ǹŮ޾˵
Ҷǧ͵һ𣬸ʲô۾һһ͵̫Ӽ˰Ҳ̫ͻȻ˰ɡôģ
С㣬ū澲֪
ûмλӣ
С㣬ūûм
ҶǧεҡҡͷʲʲôˡʱǹŮ˿ţ澮Ȼ߽һЩͬŮӣϸС鲽ߵҶǧǰǰϾĲһһڿͷ˳ȥ
ЩŮһжҶǧ䲻Щա
ЩŮŮȥԭȵλŮֳ˵СŰɣūţԸ˵˳ȥ
ҶǧһƨŵϣϵĲȡ˵ʵһνɫζȫǶڴʱҶǧ˵ʲôƷζȰʲôͬʣţ͹Ӧöðɡ
~Ҷǧ䳤̾һͷ
ʱһӭ̫ӵ~
ҶǧʱֱӣĶ⡣һᣬ㿴ǾΥ档һɫٷʳеĸӻʱÿ찡Щ滨µ£ͺҹһ㡣
˵˿Ƕ䰡ĴӣͱصүٿھȻֳ̫ӡҶǧ֪ôݴʱ顣
ī߽Ҷǧ䣬ֻϵĲȼûĿʵ˲θ𣿡
ҶǧŻڿ̫ӣ̫ӦҪʩİɡҶǧæվӣԱŤϥ˾䣬ŮҶǧ䣬̫ӵ¡
ī껼Ҷǧ˼ӣµü޵һԲĵ˾䡰񡣡Ķ


ʮ Ҹʲô

վˣҳԵɡī뿪ڵ
Ҷǧī̬ȣҲ˵ʲôӦǰżϤİףͷƵĸֲζ
ī껵ΪȻ˳ոҶǧùĿӣ
Ҷǧ뻹˰ɣĿǰƺһΪҪҪѯšҶǧ˶٣ʵ̫ӵ£СŮһ²⡣
˵޷īͷҲ̧˵
ҡΪʲôⰡ
ī껷˿ӣƵĺ˿ˮصīġ
ҶǧƶǶĵ˵ͷǣҵλֵأ
Ժǲʺϳţҽǰطˡ
īأҶǧʵ
ī껺ֱĿ͸ߣעҶǧ䣬ǽһûмˣһҾ;Щ޹ؽҪ𣿡
ҶǧʱһǡҸʲô
ͲڵĴΣһкΰţʣҵʱΪȥ㣿ī껵ԽԽϬҲԽԽ䡣
Ҷǧﲻɵһ漴ǣǿĳһ˿΢Ц̫ӵ´˻ˣСŮֻһĸô༫˵߶ŵ°
Ҷǧ̬ȣīʱоЩտյġ̾һſȥ֮ſڵ˵ЩʲôͷҲصˡ
īһߣЩŮ˽ѾĲ˳ȥһʵˮ
ЩŮոճȥſֳһλϤӰĿɿڴҶǧ䣬С㣡˾һ˽
ҶǧһϤæ̧ͷĿǰˣŵ˵֪ˣ
֪ܹȥ˽ĻϲĿ
ҶǧҲû뵽ٴμ֪ˣڳԺóһʱ䶼ȥ룬ʱ֪˻ԼУֿЦʱðο࣬۾ҲЩˡ
֪˲ĺ󱳣ο˺ˣ˰~û¾ͺãû¾ͺù
֪ͣ۾Ҷǧ档
Ȼ˻Ҷǧųʵ֪ˣǸճص𶼵𣿡
֪˶һ漴ӨӨĿ߿ޱ˵ճӲҰ˽𶼣ǱҸ˵˵СʧˮѾѾˡ
ҶǧµҲǺܾȣ֪Ѿ޳˵ӣο˼䣬Ҳټȥ
һᣬ֪ͣ˿̧ͷǻʵСôյأУأ
Ұ~һλˣǾˡ̫˵ţӦҲڶһǾȥǺ𣿡
֪˶˶Щ㣬յ˵ͷ
Ҷǧ俴֪˵ӣ氵ȷţ빷Ȼʱī껣һʥˡ


ʮһ 

ȻͺҶǧ봺Я߳ӡſڵӭ봺һæӭȥڵС㣬Ҫȥģ
Ҷǧ΢Ц˵̫ӵȥˣ
ȥ鷿ˣСҪȥҵ𣿡ӭǰһͷ˵
ҶǧЦһ˰֡⵹ǡ̶ֵʵǶס
ӭɵ˵˾䣬Сūߡ˵ձͥԺſȥ
Ҷǧ֪æȥ̤ͥԺҰʱˣ̨ͤ¥СˮɽŽأһ·ϵķֹ⿰3Aʹ԰ŽµĶʯ·ķ羰Ҷǧ䲻ԹŴͥԺĽߣе
ԼʮӣҶǧӭĴ£һͥԺǰӭס˲΢΢סС㣬ˡ
Ҷģ̌ͷ˿ǰͥԺ֮ǰЩ˵ȻЩˡҪȥˣأ~Ҷǧ΢Цʵ
ūС㡣ӭͷҲ̧˵
⹬Ůйоصӣǵǣ֮Ժȥⲱ᲻Զ˰ҶǧԼĲӣ֪߽ͥԺ
ԺһֲǰӣҲ֪ţ빷ڲ档ҶǧҪ￪ʼѰʱһԵ֪קקӣС㣬㿴
Ҷǧ˳֪˵Ŀ⿴ȥǰʱţ
ǰţһȺ֪Ϊ¾ţҶǧһţͣ˶Ҷǧ䣬ŵѿڵϴ󣿡
ſںŵӭԺĴæ˽ֻ᷿ſڼҳһ࣬æ߼ȥһ߲֪˵ʲôЩΧţ˲Žɢ
Ҷǧǰȥ˿ţһţߵʵأ
һʣţһȻ˵ͷֵʲӵطϸһ򻹲Ӱ͸Ͻҡò׷ֹ棬Щ˷ҪŰðӣ˵⡭ţĶͷ
ҶǧԭУţͬԼһڲ֪µġ˽еĹ£ֻҵīīˡ
ΪβܽأҶǧ俴һʵ
һҶǧ䱧ȭ˵С㣬ʵеʱˣ̫ҽҽء
Ҷǧһ˻ɫʱһ䣬æʵôˣ𣿡
׷׵ͷҶǧû˵ףתͷӭʵҿԽȥ𣿡
СĻҽ̫ӵµ̫ҽҽȻû˵~ӭѵ¶ɫ߽Ҷǧ˵ҽҽи񱣬ҽʱôţСĵȵȰɡ


ʮ 2

ҶǧҲֻգţһԣܿȺһתţſվҶǧģȻ֪ˡ
ϴⲻ֪𣡡ţԾϲ˵
Ҷǧ˵ͷ漴һʵţڽ𶼳⿴ʲô
ţصûļˣͼӰһ͵Ϯˣ۾͵ˡţ˶ٽ˵ҲְˣҪȻҲˡְְ~
ţӣҶǧļ򣬵˾䡰²㣬Էڰʹơû¾ͺãû¾ͺð
ţŨüϴ˵Щǲճİ
һԵ֪һ˻ʱһ˫ֽľһЩšҶǧ䱳Ҳûע⵽ţô˵Ҳûܵ£ﻹǾãīĹϵ
ڴʱ᷿յķڴˣҶǧţæ˹ȥյſڣʹ߳һλ޳Űɫͼڹٷӡ
ֻ沿ڿһĲɴǷü䣬ҲѿҲһֵߵˡ
Ҷǧǰһ뿪ѯʡֻ˿ڵ֮ڲµأֻܽʳÿջҩ
ԭ˫ۣ˵ĻȴġҶǧҲԸ߽ʱԴ˵ձԺǸ˰ɣ벻ͨΪΣôŮסȥ˵㾶ֱ˳ȥ
ҶǧȻףֻץסһĨӯıӰУǵ˿ûò˵ҳųأȫҶҶǧ仳ӵߣݺݵĵǱӰһۣת߽ӡ
ӱԺ˵С࣬ҲԼЩƹ磬㿴ƽڴϵĹ
Ҷǧæ첽ǰȥ۵ǵΪϸ鿴顣ֻɫҰףͷЩϸؽսüͷƺڼʲôҶǧġ
ƿӣ¶Ű˵ʵڵ⹷￴ģĶ16˵ǿǺð
ⲻǹؼֻĸŰɫϻѪ˿ڴĵû˵ǳƨҽˢӵ
Ҷǧڴߣ֣˳ָϣĸȻЩɬҲ޴šҶǧһΪǺ˱ӡ
ϴ󣬹ţվһԲʵ
İɣֻЩˣӾͻѹġҶǧ˵
ţŷĻͷ˳򣬼Щûнѯʵϴ̫ӵĵ𣿡
Ҷǧ˵ͷţչ˺ù˵
áţӦ˵ͷ
֪ˣʱһֱڶ𣿡Ҷǧ俴վһԣӽŵһ仰û˵֪ˡ
֪һ㶣ЩȻĿڵǣ糿µŽҴ񸮴⡣
Ҷǧûʲôţ᷿߳
ӭҪ̫ӵ¡Ҷǧ俴ſڵӭ˵
С㣬ū˵գǰ棬Ҷǧ֪˽󡣿Ժʱֻͷ᷿漴ջĿ֪˼ǰȥ


ʮ Ժ

ҶǧʯСϣɻĿǰӭⲻǸոʱ·ѵī껾Ժ
Զһɽ棬һŮۺԹ޶Ҷǧ䡣
磬ԺסһϵǸ𣿡ջĿ⣬ҧгݵʵ
һԵæͷšˣ
תͷԶҶǧ䣬ڰ׷Ĵ۾Ķزסĺ⣡˫ֽճȭΪŭӶɵò
ֱæ˿ǧĪҪӣǼҪò۷˵һ˿һū澿ѽ~϶ɲʲôġ
ô˵굹ҲοЩ촽һֺ˵~ϵһζûУָðɽҰѾͷƾܸ˱ȣЦ
ū֪ūܽķ˱~æ͵
ƨĵãתۼһ룬ˣһ쵽ѽѽģǻ
ū֪ˣۻȻԷɡ鷿ԶǸϲŵ˿ȥ¶ǿɾͲˡ
룬˵ҲûеֻͬȻԼĵ̣Ȼ㡣ϾⶫػصĹŮڶָ࣬ͻ˭ߣСΪ
Ȼ˿ﻹΪī̫ӣԸҲˮǴ˳ƳΪ̫֪ⶫסԷ
ڵԷīΪ̫ʱԷӾסĵأʲô¸
ڹŮ֮仹˵ʱ̫ӱᣬԾˡ˴ţԸסȥⶫͥԺɵȼֵ֮ģԺͥԺһһ͡
ԼȥԺӣǿɲԱ˼ȥ껹ӲͷƤסԷסȥĵһʱ޿̲ī껽ΪӭסԺ
ǸԺǰΪ鿣̫ӵ޹Ҳ鷿һͥԺԺ̫ס֮⣬һ˿סǾ̫ӵ
֪Ըȥһ֪ŮסԺŭǾþòƽϢͬɽ濴ţŮһ
Ҷǧӭϵǰţñ쬵ģ˳Ҳʲôûعͷǹ÷ɡ
ǰӭɵͷС鲽ţۿѾԺſڡҶǧ䲻ɵƣӭòͷ̫͸ûп·ɡѯʣֻһʯС·һԼǰ
ӭվŲת˵С㣬鷿ˣŵһ£ūǰȥͨһ˵ԭС鲽ʯףſڵ˼䣬̧ͷ˿ԶҶǧ䣬˵ͷ鷿
һ˳ӭ˵ʲôӭ˵ͷתҶǧС㣬·Ը˵ֻһڡ
Ҷǧ˵ͷͷ֪˵ȸӭȥңһͻȥˡ
ֻ֪õ˵ͷӭȥҶǧ俴ǰשɵĹһȥߵſΪ˵š


ʮ 㲻Ầ

Ҷģ̌ſżջҽվĲ˹̺ϣ漴š
ȥаڷһ˸ߵ¯㣬ſʹζҶǧ˫ۣһо¡
ζͬڵ̴ľŨ㣬ѵ㡣һľ㣬ֲȫľ㡣Ҷǧüϸ۾㣡¯ٵľǣȻƽ鱦Ҫĳ㡣
Ҷǧ䲻ҡҡͷ̾ҸܰҪ֪γɺεȲףҩüֵҲʮָߵġȻ͵ʹˣ˷Ѱ
Ҷǧ̾ݳʱī껵ߴôˣվſ
ҶǧŷӦ˳Դȥƿֻһδǰһľӣīڰǰ֪ʲôڹãҲǰɵŹơ
ҶǧǰһϥŮҶǧݼ̫ӵ¡
ī껷еģ̧Ŵ׶սҶǧ䡣ĵ˾䡰ǧ䣬һ𣿡
ƽƽҶǧҲ֪ǷˣȻ˵ĻһʱᵹҲ֪ӻ
īƹӣ˴ߵ̫ʦϡϵֻˮָָԱߵ̫ʦΣɡ
ŶҶǧ˵ͷС߹ȥ
ⴰһƬ֣ƷζǺò⡣Ҷǧ˼Ʒ㰡īĲˮİ͡
˵ɣҺ£ī껼Ҷǧ첻˵ֻÿʵ
Ҷǧ΢΢ѹһеĲͣ˵ʵ£īϵã㣬
ī껶˲һ٣漴豭ȥ΢ֻЦ
ҶǧεЦЦȻĬˡ
㣬ôģī껿Ҷǧ峺ӣʵ
ҶǧεЦЦĿ⸽һ˿įС游ϰҽ˵ǳٲݣҲŰҩζıʶȻѰǿЩһ˸ԸıòζȴѸı䡣
˵ǴӺηֵĻɡҶǧͷһڲˮķѹѹ
ȻˣΪλҪͬУ£īǵ･һĨڴ֮ɫ
Ҷǧ豭۹΢Цĵ˵ͷ~ò~
Ҷǧ̸ܶī껵Ҳ׷ʣ˵ĺûƷ˶ģ𡣰ˣǻ˵˵°ɡ
Ҷǧʱֱӣǰ棬ġ
ī껻˿ڣʵҩ٣ܹճ磬ҪҲ档е·˵Ҳܲ¸˾Ųʮһڶ£Ҫ˶ճ֪ǱҪǷ֮ǰʥ
Ҷǧصĵ˵ͷʲôʱ
һ硣
ĽҶǧ֮ǰԤ಻󣬹˰ΣҶǧᶨ˵ãҾиˣ߶ŵˡ˵뿪
սעԼҪ¾ս¹û˺ãţ뿪֪~ԼЩǵġ
īҶǧıӰ˵Ҳ̫ţڽ𶼣ұһûġ
ҶǧŲһ٣˵˾ţ༰ĻҸߣֻΪҾ㲢Ầҡ˵˳ȥ
ī껿ĨӰͣҲЩο


ʮ 

ī껷ԸŽӰҶǧ令ͻԺ쵽ſڣԶԶţŲԵЩ
Ҷǧæӿ첽ӭȥţôˣ
ϴˡţظһˣô˵ģСҿڣ˵û°ɣǼһﻹţ˵Ҫ㡣
У֪ˣұʹȥءҶǧ˵ͷ˵
һȥߵǵԺʱɫѽƻˡҶǧ߽᷿ŴߣЬ´һǣ˿ֱˣײЩѪ
Ҷǧ״æǰȥһѷס΢΢ص˴ϡȾЩ⣬ֵ˵զôʡأƣֳѪˣ
Ҷǧ裬Ը¶ؿϡʱߺµҪȥôߵ·
Ҷǧɲǣյĵ˹֣óɿĴ빷Ҹ£ʱ㲻ܶˡ
Ҷǧվ˫ֲü۾ĵŹ㲻ʵٶ~ôˣ
վţЩգϴϴ㶼˶סˣô˶
ţȥѰЩɾĲƬҩٴˮҶǧͷΪͷҲ̧ķԸţ
ţӦһæ˳ȥ
Ȼ˱סˣɻ˵ġҶǧΪԼŲСĿڵϡϴû¶~ȻӣţŪˡ
ҶǧԵæĻ˵ôָűֱŵţ
Ȼ֪ʲôᣬҶǧԴŭҲ˵ʲôֻܾҶǧŪ
Ҷǧ䳤βĴһ࣬Ķβʱʱɨļǵ忡һһġæ۾ٿǰĲ
ȡһȦʱҶǧͷѳֱϸѱȾɺ첼Ĳ治˿жô
ʱţҲȫˣվ󲻸ҴšҶǧסȡһ鲼һԼ20׵˿ڣȻǰ
Ҷǧ䲻ҵæøɾİײΪΧѪ
һᣬѪڲˣҶǧҩСΪϡȻʵǲǶˣ
˰̣ûûа~
Ҫڶٿأ~ҶǧΪ˿ڡ
Ҷǧôһ˵Ӳ˼ˡ
Ҷǧ䳤һѪӽѳɺˮˮУŽҸȡ
˵ɣϵôģҶǧŶȣŰӣһ˵ƣŹ


ʮ 

˶٣Ż磬ѽʱԵܳһкˡţ类ĺ˸͵ϮˣһѰ㣬֪ӭˣٺٺҾͳˡ
Ҷǧ侲ؿŹɻ󡣲ԴǵĹôһӽǰϸһ㡣
Ҷǧ첻˵ģ˵׻ǹұ²³
ҶǧЦЦ˵ôû£϶˻˵û°һ˵ţһΪĸ˱ӡ
һԵţҲЦŸ͵ǣǻǰһھɶûˣСӺôҲ죡~
Ҷǧ赭дʵ˵Ūã
һʣŵĹһ漴жġһ
ҶǧҲʲôɫ㶣ţ䣬޷˵֮ĻʱţҪҶǧȥҶǧѵ˻ȥա
סԺҲеĳҵҲõţ빷±⡣
߳ԺʱȻȫʱӭŹӭǰҪԺġ
ҶǧҲţϾⶫʵǴ󣬼ֺˡҪȥĻЩѶȡ
ӭվǰֳֹΪҶǧŽµ·ʵԶи߸߹ĵģ㲻ŵҲܿµ·
һ·ϣĹŮ̫ԱȰˡһűͨŮ΢ЩŮǵǰϥū磬ӭùãС㡣
ӭվŲͷʾ⣬ʵʲô£
ӭĹƣɼǽŮӣһЦݵ˵շ˽ţ̫ӵйá۷ҲǺÿ֮ˣλС㡣ԷһСȥ
Ҷǧһķˣ񲻾ī껵ţתһŴīˣ˵ˣи͵ĺӣҲǲΪ
ҪҳԷֻǶٺ~ԷǼ٣һɡǺǣǰҵʲôˡŮӣȻľԱһ紵ݶʦڵģǸе۵ûš
ʱӭ˿ڣշˣ·ԸҶСԺšֻǡ
ӭѵ¶ɫҶǧЦЦ˵Ҳò˷˵ӣǰ·ɡ
ӭĿ⸴ӵĿҶǧһۣҶǧֻǻ΢ЦӭֻǸŮˣԼ룬ֻ½ӿ϶ùˡ
ȻǳԼģǾͻҲáܴСĵжͷǼòϾ⣬һܱȶһĺá
뷨ʵǲʵʡǽ֮ڵŮӣܳΪѵĻԹЩĹǴӺζء


ʮ ɱӺ

ԷķǡԺһ˹Ϊ硣Ժ򳯶Է򱱡ҶǧӦ˸磬ӭֲһͬȥֻۺǵĿţҶǧԸۡ˼ȥǿȥͨ½Ϻá
쵽Էʱֻ֪ĴǰһƬƻԻͣǾԷ˰ɡ
ߵһſʱ̧ͷһǡԷ̤ԷڣʯС·Եĵã΢ҡҷ㡣Էǰһשɵݣһ᷿
ԷӱԺСЩȴ١Ů̫Źƣؾصԣƹһֱ쵽Էұߵһ̨ͤϣ֮ǰֹƺǴǴġ
С㣬롣վ̨ͨͤС·ϣҶǧʾ⵽
Ҷǧ˵ͷǰȥ̨ͤܶΧҲ֪˶̨ԶԶȥŻһ㡣
һ̨ͤ£ס˲ӣվһԻ㱨šˣСˡ
ֹʱһֻͣһ𣬡ɡ
ǰȥƿҶǧ΢Цȥ
һ̨ͤеע㱻ǰŵλŮӸˡֻźɫĨسȹֽɫ˿ճƵͼڡͷḴӵ٣滹Ÿʽ鱦Ķͷϻź챦ʯĨķĺ촽ͦıˮĴ۾֬Ķ쵰
˵Ҷǧ䲻ɵһī껺εȵĸΪޡīδӣҲֻļˣ乲ɽðɡ
շ̧ϸҶǧ䡣еľޣɵЩ⣬ֱͦͦǲӿؼ
󵨵񣡼˷˻¹򣡡һվŵС̫Ȼǳ
Ҷǧ俴һһС̫࣬ﰵ˹ȻĶ£ȴЦⱧȭҾŮԽˣҶǧ䣬ַˡ
Ҷǧ䲢û¹򣬶һ㱧ȭҾΧĹŮ׷Ͷ۹⣬ȴȻתС̫һӡ
̫ӵµĹͣūţҲҶ죡
С̫æͷūŸūŸ
Ͱ˰֣ξͰˣ´οҪˡǿ˿Ҫˡˣȥɣǻ~ЦݵĿҶǧ䣬ҶСĪҪɡ
ҶǧﰵЦһƿɱҿİɡòƴƫˣҪִ֪ʲôû˵ˡ
ҶǧЦЦ˵˶ԴˣĴҪ˵Ӧ̫ӵ´Ŷ԰˿أ


ʮ 

ۺҶǧ䣬Ϊʲôȴְݲ㿪ѯʡʱ翪ڵҶС㵽˵Цˣһūŵ£Ҳɵ¹ʵĻʵЩСˡ
Ҷǧ˵ĵ˵ͷ⵹ҲǣǷˡתֿշЦ˵ǸСطū÷ڵ¾ͳˣ˵ҲǴԴǵġ
ʱһͷĬĬˣɫҲЩ죬Ƴһ磬漴ָ̧ϷḻĲƷ˵~ι˵ˣ˶ҪˣҶС㲻ȳ
ҶСǵһ𶼰ɣĳԺöСطĪɼģȱʲôˣҪʲô˾ֻһһЦ˵βźü䣬էһġ
⻰˼ǽԸҰˣҶǧ䲻ЩΡ׵ļˣȴҲǸ˵Ͽ̬۾ȴ
˫ˮĴ۾͸ϸܷ֣ǷݣŮĵ
λŮ磬ֻ²ĸ֮˰ɡȻÿһ仵Ů˱󣬶һĹ֮ˡ
ʱһԴҶǧ˼롣ôҲϱأīƿ˽
ʱվϵ鱦Ŷ㵱ॵ졣£ôˡôҲûͨһ~ϲɫ˵
һԵķ̵ĹŮ̫࣬׷׹ڵأ̫ӵ£
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Ҷǧ俴ǰһĻﲻЩįƲӣרĵļǰһ̻ӡ
ī껸ֱۣǿҶǧӣЩϲɷԼĸ첲ҶǧȴҲûпһֻۣרǰӡ
ī껰̾һɫĽ첲˳ʵˣܷ߱ҶСΪγ⣿
ī껲⣬ЦЦ˵סԺǵµĹ͡æڳҲϾչҶС㣬ҲΪ·~
īֱֱӣշ˵Ͷͱ⵹ѱˣȻҶСǱĹͣȻɱдΪáڷˣǴԷĲãī껵䵭ҲЩˡ
ֻǡֻǡʱίЩᡣ
Ҷǧ俴ŷЩ΢ԭȻΪԼ˵»Īַ˵ĺãİĵضÿ͵ˣﻹǺϲġ
ԸʲôѵҪһ֮ԸſɣīĿǰ
⻰һҶǧ˻룬ҳԷҲǿӲģ㻹ҵĲˣǲǰߣˣ˵ʵڵģī껵һԼǰԳƱҶǧԽ죬豭͹һڣٿ
ī껼ҶǧЩΡˣɫЩϢĺá˵
īߣæĿڵ£ǰЩӣժЩ÷ҪΪ¡
ˡī껴˷Ļ
Ҷǧ俴ǰ˫ۺĿ˶Ҽī껣Ǹˡ
ī껻ͷҶǧԭأĳ㻹
ҶǧӦȥŷī⻰ǳԼ˵ģֻնл˵ʢ֮¾Ͳ߶ˡ˵գī˳ȥ


ʮ ҵ

ī껲ȽֹԵǰȥҶǧоԼѾߵúܿˣȴǰ氺ӰЩƣôˣǸ~˦ҲȻһٸŤǽȴһҲͣϢ
ī껲֪Щʲôеڸ£صá߳ԷʱīƺŸоҶǧԶ㲻ķ˲ӡ
ҶǧСһī껣ݺӵƣҲ˵ʲôֻòĸԡ
Էڣ꿴ȥˡĿ⽥ίƲġߣһݺݵеĲ豭ˤ˳ȥ
ΧĹŮ̫Ƿ׷׹ڵأҲҳһԵ䶮ŭæǰ˵ĪҪӿɲáҹۻȻݰɡ
ǸСĵˣֵͰ͵ܵҪˣԽίʲô˳ģ漴һѽϵˡ
ʱһӵɵžһأܵĹŮ̫ϣǹ֭մ˲ҶƺѾ˾ռһ㣬ֻǽӹøЩ
еŭƺû˶ͣɻһȦҲûʲôҵˣֻ££Ļݡ
ԶڹŮ̫ǲһڡ˭ҲֻۣðʰŲо֡
ɫڵĸʵЩˣҶģ̌ͷ˿ա£첢Ǹ찡ҹĶЩĶĹ͢УʲôҪС
ڴԼҲ9ҵӣ·ֵֻܼҹֵҹƵˡҶǧīһǰһڹƵҫһͬԺ
հЩΣҶǧҲҪڰѹ˹ȵסɤӣҪ˵Щʲôī껷ȿ˿ڡ
˻ͦչ˵İ
Ҷǧ俴ī껲˵ˣʲôˣһ룬ֿڵ˵Ҷɣǲҵˣҵѡ
ī껹˹ǣĿһۣЦ˵ѣǺǣ㵹ǰ˭ѡ
ī껲ΪȻҶǧʱһ´˻ӣҲǰ˭ѣǾȹѡ˵ѣʵǸӦҵˡ
ī껺Ȼס˲ӣתҶǧ䡰أʲô
ҶǧȻһ㶵ͷǰ档˰ΣҶǧüһЦ˵ҵ~˵ī껵ĿƷΧһ˺Сǵǰȥ
ֵǣī껶Ҷǧ˵ʲô񲢲еİֻεҡҡͷۺЦǰĨӰǺǣô˵Ҳûкøඣ
ҹžޱߡ
ī껺޲ʱһЩһЩ߳Цûзգû׷жá뵽ī껲ɵսȭͷЩȻվҪˣЩҲˡ
гһգ֪һУ㻹ɻǰЦ˺޷


ڰʮ ʥ

գδӭЯڹŮҶǧǰһԼ8λŮֳһſϳ鱦ȡ
ӭǰһҶС㣿ˡ
ãҶǧ΢΢תѡһۣ㿴ԸǰվôЩˡûŮǰԼһŮմʪӣҪΪԼ
ҶǧмܵסæֳȵȣԼ~˵űӹŮеӡ
һŴˮĹŮæǰӽӾٵҶǧǰҶǧæҴϴϴžĥ˵񣬿ֻ֪Ǹʼ
վӭָŮ̵С㣬ūΪ˼·֪봩ʲô
ҶǧȥŮŵ·ҲǼ׵ɫҶǧָָһɡ
һڣɫѾˡ
ҶǧվھǰԼŰɫ䳤ȹɫɳϵͬɫ˿ͷһһ򵥵˸٣ֻ֦ľҲʩκη죬Եø¿ˡ
ҶǧҪ򵥻ŵõЧڹŮԴȵҶǧʾǱȽġ
߳ӣֻԺͣһ̨ͨĽӣſƺһɫʵĚi졣
īʣԶԶؿһҶǧ䣬˵˾䡰߰ɡʡҶǧ䲻ҵæ˽ӡ
ӶʳǴЩģų󾭹ŲܵʳǡҶǧƿһǣ͵͵Ĺ⾰ֻŵһ·ȫǸ߸ߵĺǽǽվ
ѹֵӣҶǧֻ÷ӣ㬵ڽһﲻ
ԼĪ1ʱӣ˵ء˵ʵڵģӹҪࡣ
߳ӣһԼǰдµ֣̽ݣɫſڻվڶ๬Ů̫ࡣī껵ĵ׷׹ڵأӭ̫ӵ¡
ī껻عͷҶǧ䣬ʾϡ
Ҷǧ󣬿ԽԽĵţΪŹԭ򣬿ѹѹģͬһͷʨŴ죬ȴԼֻͶͱ
̤һŨصҩζҶǧһ㶣ҩζоȻڵζ
Ҷǧ˲ϸʹĸûʣģīڼȥ
ƿֻԶһǰΧżλٷҽΧĹŮ̫࣬һīæ¹ʺãī껻˻˵˾䡰񡱣첽ǰȥ


ڰʮһ ʥ2

̫ҽкЩī߽ǰһʵ
̫ҽ̫ҽһƷԱǰ׻ĺӣѸߡعͷһݵī껱ȭҾεҡҡͷ
ҶǧһԽ鲢ûô򵥡ǰȥλ̫ҽ΢΢СŮҶǧ䣬λǰ
̫ҽŻعͷ۴Ҷǧ䣬ҩҶǧ䣿һλԼ40꣬΢ֵҽʵ
Ҷǧ䵭ȻĻصǡ
Ҷǧݲȵӣ˵һԵЩ̫ҽ΢УûɵĿ⿴Ҷǧ䡣
ΪʿīĳҶǧ俪ڵ
Ҷǧֻǰһ뿿齣̫ҽȴڵ̫ӵ£ŮвȷðȻΪΣϳǲװ
Ҷǧ俴̫ҽһеӣЩˡʱīһ̫ҽ˼ָʶ˲𣿡
̫ҽһֻùֵϳҡ˵գ˵һߣҶǧó·
ҶǧҲȲߵǰ̫ҽû΢ֵҽʹһҽĵ˵ͷī껲ע⣬˳˴
ī껶ԴȻǿģƳһҽȥӰЦһ
ԵĹŮī껵ʾ£æǰϽɫĴᣡҶǧſɵˡֻͷѾף˫Ŀա˲̵̬һλߣôҲ޷봫˵УλָǧӢĻʵϵһ
Ҷǧ޷ݴʱ飬ֻǾƵġһڴǰԲϣƿɫϻʵ۵ܷܷϸָΪ
ڴʱϻʵī녻˫ۣҶǧ˸ĿԡҶǧʱϻʵۻҶǧ䵹۵ͻȻһץסҶǧ裬вͣ߶š~
Ҷǧ⧲ϻʵ۴Ų˹ȥī껷ӦһѰס
㻹𣿡ī껿ѯʵ
ϻʵýȥɽҶǧ䲻šϻʵ۳οֿĿ⣬ҶǧԽˡȴԽ侲ˡֻһ룬ѸٵĴͷİٻѨϻʵ۶ʱ
漴ҶǧֱַüУ̫Ѩʩ롣ϻʵīգգ۾˵껶ǡôˣ
һվŵ̫ҽҶǧʩķӣһĶҲ˳ǵ16ǰ̫ҽλҽʩķǰŮӵķʽһޡʱ̫ã˽ʲôƺҲǲ̫ˣֻԼǵ⼴׼뷨
Ҷǧعͷī˵ֻάְʱʱ˻
ī껵˵ͷʾˣϻʵۿڵкЩ
ϻʵ΢΢̾ƣ˵ҲôˣЩʱǸоԵɵɵģӲŸеЩתֽĿתһԵҶǧ䣬֪λǣ
Ҷǧ׼ҽʱ̫Ļ㱨ӭʺ~
䲻ãֻһһλ޶˵Ůһ˵Ĵӵ£첽˽


ڰʮ 槼

ϣ~޵ĸˣһߺһ˵ǰ˫ۺī녣ָǣ˲۽ǵˮ˵ϣˣǵˡ
Ҷǧ״æ˵һߡ̫ǻʺҲ˵λԳ30Ůӣī裿»һһ绪ԵĸˣҶǧЩԾ޲ɷֱ槼
ʱȴü쬵ģһһϤĿضԼҶǧݸһЦԳԾճ΢΢ܾ벻һܻվ𣿺ǺǣҵĿڴﵽˡ
ҶǧǰһݵĿڵҽŮҶǧ䣬ϡʺ
ʺ΢΢һ㶣عͷճһۣճͷĬĬվһԡſҶǧ䣬ɫƵ˵󵨣ʥǰҲҺ
̵ѵĺͻȻҶǧЩͷԡʱīǰһ˵ĸŮӵȷǻҩҶǧ䣬㣬չ˰ɡ
ճī껽ԼϣæڵأϡʺˡգūȷʵҶǧʧˮǡ
һŶô˵չ²ඣ
Щֵճæͷū֪ū֪
ˣ~ѵӡīüͷ˵
գ˻ӣʾճ¡̶ֻعͷĿǵĿϻʵۡ
ҿü񡣡īҶǧ˵
㣿ϻʵ۵Ļһ漴ֻعͷҶǧ˵ǰñơ
Ҷģ̌ͷǰһ̶޼ɵӡҶǧĳʱϵЦݶʱЩǣǿЦЦصǰüէһмء
Ȼе⡮˭ӻϻʵ۵۰֮ˡԿ϶ǣԲǻͷġ档ҶǧʱҲˣ˵ϣ벻ʩĹãϢһɡ˵գҪΪȡ롣
īȴҶ޵ϲӵȷҲӣٱ̫ҽܵЩ˿ҩҪõĶ࣬Ժ󰡣Ϊ޺úơ˵ձ۾ƺƣӡ
Ϊ££ǣ˵ס˵֮꣬ǰѲڣֻҶǧ䡣ڿ䣬ճȭͷͿָܵףҪƵļ
Ҷǧֻǰȡ룬˿ûвҶģ̌ͷīʵҿɷ񿴿̫ҽΪʥҩ
δī껻شվ΢ЦĿҶǧ˵ʥ㣬ñҽȨ㣬Ҫİ˵ջĿ⣬׻˳ȥ
߳ȥī߽Ҷǧ䣬˵Ȼض顣
ҶǧҲʲô˵ͷī˳ȥ֮ͨǰĿԣϻʵ۾Ǿòô򵥡ȻǸ˵ĵض
߳µī껽ӰԸ˼䣬ͬҶǧһ˶


ڰʮ 

ص﹬Ůǰ˰֡ᣬæͷ˳ȥΨճ˶˳ȥֱͦ壬߹ȥĽŴغãԡ
ž̷ָճһǶ⣬ʱŵļ׻һѪۣճһֻǵͷĬ
΢΢Щ飬ԼĽЩ㡣һǰ̫ʦϣճ磬㲻Ǹ߱Ѿɾ𣿡
ճ̧ͷǷ绪ļˣ治ɵЩįոһƣƺòġ
ȷˮһǸѾҲ˵ʶˮԡҲȥѰող˻㱨˵ɳȥˣɱˡճ渵ֻЩƣƽǰǸչ
ܣòЩüĿٲѾͷˡ΢һ˫޵ķҲɵϴΪ߶΢΢
ճ簵̾һ˹ȥο̶ˣӡ
̽ץסճ䣬ڴճ磬ɱĶԲԣ
ǰ񾭽˶ճ粻֪λشԼ߳жΪ¹ǰ̣Ըίһλֻ̫࣬ÿ˵աΪԼ˫ֲ֪ռ˶ѪֻΪһЦΪϵɽ»𺣣ԼҲ˵һ֣˵ԼȥһССŮˡǡ
̶ΪηҪأڵѾޱȵĻʺˣҲΪ̫ӣǻʱ⡣ֺο࡭ճεʵ
ֱһǸһĨݵЦݡ˸ͷϵķڣΪΣ⻰ӦŶԣʢճ磬ȴ̫࣬Ϊأźγһ˵ţһ߻ָָ̧ճĿ¡
ճ΢΢һ㶣иһĨݡüͷ˲̣첻֪˵ʲôźá
ճЩᣬЦЦеҲȥ˼֣ߵճǰָ̧˸ճ׵ǵ˵ʹ𣿡
ʹͨԴ̣ﲻɵİ̶̾㻹ǵǵһʱҵ֦ϣܻǿ޹
ճЦЦ˵ʱ룬һŮӰ~һŮӣԲҪˡȴ
ˣĪҪ˵ˡҪĶ۴СҪõġ㻹飬ȥǸѾͷˡԲ͵ĴճĻ˵
ճЦһжЩˣҲ޷˵ȥֻֻһڵūףȭūЪţūиˡ˵ձ㻺˳ȥ
һֱֱճˣŻعųĵ񽥽øӣﲻЩ䡣ճ簡ճ磬Ҷǿ֮˰Ҫˡ̣ɢ˵ĺá


ڰʮ ϲ

Ҷǧī껻صʱѽ硣ֱ鷿ڣԸӭЩʳ鷿ݲЩ
գīΪһ衣ҶǧɫϾī껿ڵʥϵֹۣԵɣ֪İɡ
īˮ㿴ɻа취ҽΣ
Ҷǧ䰵̾һ˵ڿҩڲ޴󰭣ǳڷþͻ񫣬־֢״ʥϵԿȷڵĶ٣ҴʱҪǲˡ
ԱƬټʩ5չʮ룬ܱʥ϶1£3µѡգǡҶǧĬī껣ס
£ݵӸ˼ֳݣӢü֪Щʲô˰Σī껲ſڵҪʲô
ҶǧصҪʥ֮ҩҩһλ԰ҵˣ̫ҽݵˡ
ī껵˵ͷص⵹ѣ˵Щҽ԰ֻǲסڶˣһᰲס̫ҽݣһҪСΪаŵĵǡ
Ҷǧʾ˵ĵ˵ͷ΢Ц⵹ҲǣҲ~ҷ̤ʵ㣬𣿡
Ҷǧ˫ǳǳ΢Ц˵ԭī껲Щգû˵ڹϣԴﵽЩʲô
Ҷǧ䲻ΪȻƲƲ죬ʲô۲Ŀī껣ʵŶˣʺ˵ģǸ˭
īΪҶǧЩˮҶǧʣֻǵĻ˾䡰Щʱ֪ˡ
ī껲ûشԼ⣬ҶǧҲ׷ʣ񱭴һˬĲˮ˳¡
ʵһֱи㡣Ҷǧ俪˵
Ŷ˵޷
ҶǧɤӣŲӿīʵΪΣҪһֱ߰
ī̾һΪҲϲҵ
ΪʲôشǳҶǧԤϣ漴ʵ㳤ֲ󣬸Ҫᡣ
ѵ˵ϲҵӣīʵ
Ҷǧ䲻˼ĻصǰɵɵģЦҲôɰ~һ䣬ŷӦԼȻְǡӡˡʱúΣæֱӣɫ΢˵˼ҡҲ˵ɵ
ī껿Ҷǧ޴ӣЦȴˣһ̧ժߣûϵϲ㿴ˡ
һٶҶǧʱһ㶣ü续ɢһֲȾĸоǰϤİݡһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôźãֻ㶵ĿţģǱĺˮһһԼϮ
ǵõһμʱֻԶԶһ۱֪˲ʳ̻ƵȻǸնٺһǵһЦݣǵÿ滨µĵȺ򡣻ҲҶʲôϲ
ҶǧһϲҷһֱߵĴӣȻǿдԵս۵үʱҲûȥҴѡӱܡǸոѿϲѹĵסٴμʱǷϲͬһӿ˳
ɣΨһ˵ı֮ǰĿ⣬ǵӣҶǧȻЩܲ˱˵Ŀ⣬ֻջĿͷֻڲϴ굽ķٴķܵķϵһһڣҶǧܡ
⻰
֪Ѿ10Wˣ˽3µʱ⡣Ϊԭ򣬿ĵ޼~Ӳ˶ģ٣ֻ˵дĻãһŬԲ~~ԼӼͣ


ڰʮ ֵ֪

ī껿ҶǧͷüӣϵЦҲʧˣĿ⸡ϼįǧ䣬վǹҵƭ𣿡
ҶǧͷԽˣſϡЩĿڣ£СŮвʣˡ˵ձ첽˳ȥ
īҶǧҴȥӰ񽥽䡣ī껿Цһɫߡǧ䣬ΪҶݣΪںҵĶ𣿻Ѿǵǰ£ҲգҲáѸģгһգһ㰮ȫµҡ
Ҷǧ߳鷿ڵĺĿãĲȥī˵ĻͷʵĸоŽЩվŲΪԼ˰ֳЩ⣬ŹֵĸоҶǧЩ졣
ܣŷԼֻͷûŵ·ƫ˶ûֻһѵȣұǸС˹ͷ˺ɻ΢ḧ̲졣
˵Ҳ֣˵춫ĸܼŮ̫࣬ΨȴһӰҶǧεԸţվҵ˵ɡ
ҶǧһϾĻһߴܵĻӣǵݵĹŮסĵطǰһӰһԭò֪˰
ֻŷɫŮװվ᷿ſڵʲôҶǧæŵĶǽ棬׼עһ¡
ҶǧСĴǽ棬͵͵Ŀ֪ˡʱȴһС̫࣬հǰ˺֪ߣ֪С̸šҶǧֻˣ֪˲𶼲ӣѵǱϢתһ룬ϢҲò͵͵İɡ
ӵʣҶǧĬĴǽ󣬾Ĺ۲šֻС̫࣬˵˼ִóʲô֪ˡ֪ȴԵЩɣջǽ˹æ
С̫֪˽˶æ˿ҶǧһƺЩˣ֪Ǳˡ
Ҷǧǽ󣬿֪˽ݣֵ˰ΣװƵ˳û߼ӭ
Ȼû뵽Ҷǧ䣬æͣزӣϥС㣬СѰ֪˽𣿡
ҶǧȵĴ˵֪ҲǴ鷿ģǲ֪ߵˣҲ֪ʲôط
΢΢һЦ˵ԺĺԺūסĵطҲѹС㲻֪ˡǰ·Ը˵֪˽ͬסһӭùü֪˽ū澵Ӳ࣬ͷԸū澸֪˽Ѱɾ·ȻţȹЩ걨¸󡣡
һЦ˿ģҶǧͬӵĴҲ֪ôˡ


ڰʮ 㵽˭

ʱ֪ĶŻŻŵ˳
֪ˣԭⰡ~Ҷǧ֪˳ȵ˵
֪ǰҶǧߣЦǣǿ˵С㣬ôⰡ
Ҷǧ֪˲ڵӣҲЦЦڵҲ֪ңһѽ͸㲻嶫ˡⲻմ鷿·յľߵˡ
֪˵˵ͷ˾䡰ԭ~ͷ֨
Ҷǧװ˵ƣۼ֪˴ÿ˵ǲѽ
һԵЦĵͷǣ֪ҲЦЦ
Ҷǧ۽֪˽ţɳӰ˵֪ˣֻסգ˶۾ҪȥˡԺʲô¾˵鷳Źˣ֪û
֪΢΢һ漴˵ͷӦ֪ˡ
״æֵСˣǵµĹͣסԺʲô·Ըūһˣ˵鷳ˡ̶ֵͷ¶ɫС˵õˣΪūûչ˺С㣬ɾʹˡ
ҶǧЦһοļ򣬡˵ģΪ˵𣿡
ЦЦЩ˼˵СȻǣ˵ʵūҲǵһμСƽ׽˵ء
֪վһԣ֪ЩʲôֻǵͷԴҶǧҲǿģҲʲôֻ˼䣬ڼ֪Ҳżͼ䡣֮Ҷǧ˵ҪȥǣҲû֪˸š
Ҷǧߺ֪һһ㱡̧̽̽ҧҧ촽ݺһţ˶һһ㡣
Ҷǧһ·ԵЩء֮ѡ֪𶼣֪˱Ͼ곤ЩΪҲЩ֪ĳʲô£ӦùֵıԼˡ˭˭·ҪߣִƫеĻҶǧҲֻףˡ
᷿ſڣҶǧʾõȻرǡ󣬲ԥƿǰյķš
ڣţΪŰĹҩҶǧ͵Ŷ룬Ż˶ˡ
ŷ߹Ҷǧ䣬ţһҩƿ˵ϴˡϵĹɫ΢죬סԼš
Ҷǧ䲻ΪȻһʲôţ£¹šѲңʲô˵
ĸҰ~ţƲƲ˵
ˣ˵Ц~ȿ⹷ϵסû˵ű˴ߣһƿ˹ıӡ
ǰ֮ҲֻǺҶǧơ
ӵӺţչ˵Եʣյʱ䣬ϵ˼衣
˿ںҶǧֱĲţ˵ţҶˣȥҳཷʳ
ĵطзʳ~ţε˵
ʳûǿҲɣôľˣȥ~
Ҷǧ䲻ݾܾ̬ȣţҲֻӲͷƤ߳ӡţߺҶǧһƨ˴ߣŰòݺӵĿĶŹ
ùѹˣʱ䶼ˡҲҿҶǧ䣬һ˫ڰ׷ֻۿίתգĿڵϡϴ㡢㿴Ҹ
Ҷǧ΢еĿŹ۾˵㵽˭


ڰʮ ǵػ

ҶǧӣùЩ⧲˼룬ܿǵ˵Ŀ⣬µĿڵϴҡǹ
ҶǧĿ⽥ЩҲƽࡰ㵽˭
̾һҶǧֱӣԸҲ˳ŴߣӵĿҶǧ䡣ϴֻ֪ǹҲãĵܵҶҲգʼղẦ֡㣬ʼҵϴ󡣡ȻȫȻƽҲɢһ֣ĳ졣
صֵҶǧˣ뵱һμʱ˵ĵһӡСԸԾľͽ˵ܵһ㿴
ǴճɱǴοʼʱû̫ע⣬֮ŷЩԾǿ׳ţˣȴˮʱ˽ţҴ˵Ǿ˸¡
˾ûɵĿ¾ĪĸˣȻīѾԼīô򲻿ȥ˺ߵ˵ġۺ룬ҶǧԽùݿɵġ
ǰĹǻһƵãҶǧЩѹ̾ϢҲϦദһʱˣ˵ʵڵģһֱ㵱ܵʲôԣô˵Ҳա
ҶǧĿ͵Ŀһ۳ĬĹ˵ֻ˵ʲô԰ﵽģ㾡ܿڣһᾡܵġֻԸ㣬ĪҪΣյˡ
˰Σֻ̧ͷ᲻ţĵ˾䡰ֻǵܵ𣿡
˵ʲôҶǧȻЩס
Ҷǧ䣬Цҡҡͷ˾䡰ûʲô~
⻹빷һν۾Ǻܱ׼˫ƤƤǺܰףǺܽСɫϸһλݵĴк~ʱӵԼҶǧоЩˡ
Ҷǧվɤӿڵˣ˵ͺúŰ~ȥţȥôˣôûҵķʳŪ˵գתȥ
ȻʱĹȴ˿ڣԭһҸĵطҵĸǸӢۣҵĸҲһи㣬곤꣬ŮӡҶǧعͷһҸĹ渵
΢΢һ٣ڻʲôɫóءǰ̤ǵأɱأҵĽҲ°ȥĸףӢµĸףΪһҲ׷ױǶȥ˵⣬Щ߲ѣֻսȭͷ΢΢š


ڰʮ ǵػ2

ɫѽƻ裬Ϧʺ죬Ѫһ㡣ţڳڴæһͷˮп಻
΢ҶǧڴߣŹ˵һ
ͷüͷ۲ʵ˵˾һ壬ϰĻ10ʱһɱ˫ף°ҽĳ˾ǰܰס
˾һ壿ʵʱƺʲôԺһҶǧü΢Ծҧָͷһڿ¼ʱƺʣϧֻдش³֮⣬Ҳûϸ
Ǽ³ˣҶǧѿʵ
۹һ˵ͷ˵˾һ壬ΪػʥŮһڼ³ҡ
ҶǧһŵĿڵʥŮ
ʥŮһŷģӵвٿһʥޱȵġ
һʥĹҶǧҲɣֻ̽Եʵ˵ģǵˣī껣
սȭͷ˵ͷ
ҶǧüЩɻĿڵƺǵбϼ˵ϻʵ۲ӭȢǹҵʥŮһΪʺôǷս~
ЦһǵʥŮ17ǰѾˡԴҶұ㱳ѰʥŮʹһһԸΪ˱𡣡
⣬ҶǧҲЩˣ֮ǰ˵ʥŮѾ
Ҷǧ䣬˶ٿڵӴʦĻдġֻҪҵʥŮǾϣˡ
Ҷǧ³׻ˣ⹷һ˵ô࣬ûݵ£ʥŮ£ֳӴʦһ۰~ֻóһڵˣѾ˽ˡȻԸͬ˵Щһ߾ȫȥ㡣
ҶǧŰοЦݣ˵ڿͷ϶ûô򵥡óȻ£ʲô˵˵Ǹ˷۱ڻ񣬵Ȱӹˣٴӳ顣
δȹػʱ˿űţϴҪĶǿ~
ֻţСĶӣҶǧǰϡһѶͷϵϸ˵ϴ󣬷ʳȷûУţǻǻ﷿ʦȥͷģ㻹ǳȳ԰ɡ
ţһʵӣҶǧ䲻ɵĻһЦڵˣһų԰ɡ
ڴǰһЦݵŮӣ͸©ЩмԸҲɵһ⻹һ˵Լ¡֪ΪΣʱо˶ࡣ
ѾȫҶǧţƶ˼䣬ҪߡǰԸţӣǸţ˵һжáݸ˹һԢ䰲ģתš


ڰʮ ƨҽ

ɫʣԺȴһɷæӡӭڹŮ̫࣬ΪҶǧ׼ŽŮֽ㣬û˯Ҷǧ䡣
ҹٵ㣬аãһ˯ĺܳһһܳܳΡͷԼƺֻصִԸ߻иӡԼϲһѣЩģˡ
֪ǰӭķϴϣǽӡ˴νһʱỹ͢ɭϣֻܴ֪һˣڹţֻסⶫˡ
һī껵ĲѵȺԺſڣҶǧһűܿĨɫɵûһЦʵֱֻ֪лҲɫ
Ͻӣ㴫֪˵ĺС㣬֪СԱߡ
Ҷǧƿһ֪ŵĲԼĻԣȻˡҶǧЦ˵Žӹ˻
һźƺƵĶ֪˽ҶǧĽӣӭǰؾصš
ҶǧǣĻһ򿪻󣬷в㣬ͷŵֽɵÿЦ֪˰֪ˣʼջҪ·Ȼ֪Ϊʲôû뵽ĻẦҡ
óֽմ򿪱һɵĢζҶǧüͷϸ۲ڻɫĩһ̽ûбɫҶǧ΢ЩˣһֶަˣĿǰȷһõĶަˡ
ҶǧСĽֽãԼŽȥŽӵİڶʱƿʱסҶǧ͸϶ۺϧ֪ˣͷƵġ
һ½ӣҶǧ㷢µſڵȻնࡣ߽ԸоеնЩ΢Ĳͬ
ƿߵڼ䣬ֻһŰɫͼҽٷæʲô΢΢ЩϤݱӰҶǧ䲻Щơ
Χ̵ĹŮ̫࣬īǰæڵ̫ӵ¡
ʱӲŻعͷī껱ȭ¡
ī껵ͷšһתԹŮ̫˵ˣȥŰɡ
ū澣ūţּ˵ձؾص˳ȥ
̧ͷҶǧǵĮĿ⣬ԽϤˡ
ԨҶǧ䣬Ѿ˰ɡī껿ڵ
Ҷǧǰһ˵ĮӣɻĿڵҽ
ԨȻĵ˵ͷûٶ˵ʲôҶǧ俴ǳƨӣɵ﷭Nۡ˵ʵڵģԨû忡ģƤӢͦıӣͻı΢΢˫˰ɡ
ī껿ҶǧƲӣɵøһĨǳЦĿ͵Ŀ˵ͬ˵ҽڹĪҪðȻ£¶ҽ
īƽĻЩĵζҶǧůůģҲ֪˵ʲôֻõ˵ͷʾˡ


ھʮ ަ

īߵǰ˿˫յϻʵۣӢüʵԨΣ
Ԩһʰҩ䣬һ߻صǰһʱһᣬʶЩ硣
˵ļ϶Ӱ˽£ٹٶھµţŵ¹ȥء
ī껵˵ͷʾˣҶǧֻعͷԨ˵ͽˣкԸӰɡ˵ձ˳ȥ
Ԩת۹һҶǧ俪ڵ˵㳤òôʩĻǲ
Ҷǧһ⻰ݺݵ÷һۣû˵˾䡰лҽ佱
ҶǧϲɫӣԨɵþúЦǰиֵҪɣɫڵʥϵĲǺã
ҶǧǰһԱߵһҩţѿڵ֥㿪ҩ
Ԩһ˿ʶ˵ͷ֥
ҶǧƲ룬˵ǰ~СײһҪôصҩ
⻰˵ˣ͢ҽĵ·ȻȲ˵ġԨмĿڵ
ҶǧҲ粵ʵҲףң˵˵ĴСˡڴߣΪϻʵۺ˺Ȼȷʵƽ˲١˵ⶼʮüˣܽڣϻʵ۵ӹҲӲʡ
Ըҿƽ̫ҽΪʥҩ𣿡Ҷǧ俪ʵ
Ԩü΢壬˵һѶȵġ
Ҳ˵ǿԿ~ҶǧڴĿԨ
Ԩһ㵹ץİ
ҶǧԾĺԨƨӣĨͷᡣתʱ⿴ҩŵƿƿ޹ޣҶǧһ£æŵֽ˳ݸԨʵ֪Ǻ
ԨǰһֽţСĴָմһ㳢˳һǴⶫ
Ƕަ𣿡Ҷǧ䲻ʡ
Ǳ߶ަֻСԨԭֽãȴŵԼҩתѹ˵ˣȱ˵ˣĸǽж˵ձҩ䣬ͷһҶǧԣ˼ʲôεĳ߰ɣ
Ҷǧīһ㲵Ĳݣϻʵ۰ϻʵۣ˭Ҫ㰡~ѾҪλˣȴɱĥţǿſҶǧüͷԼܾöϻʵϤĸооĪ˰ҲһͷˮԨԼߣվʶΪ££ӡ
ϻʵü΢к߶ʲôҶǧ丩ӲţԼֻʲôġ
ԨüҶǧûߵ˼Щ͵Ĵߴٵ߻ǲڣ
ҶǧֱεĻص߰ôߡǸһתǴȻһʹʹͻȻҶǧ⧲ɵȥһ
ôˣԨŷҶǧЩվԭسʵ
Ҷǧ仺˻ֱɵЦЦ˵û£ëˡ
Ҷǧ˵ëԨҲû룬ҩ䶪һ䡰ϣԵȥ


ھʮһ ס̫ҽ

Ҷǧ乻ʹļǣӿŲȥſںŵ֪һҲæȥ
һ·ϣʱʱйŮǰԨʺãһһߵģԨȴ۾ͷһ㣬δŵǰšҶǧ䲻ں棬ǰĸӰͷͣıš
˵ҲǿЩ绨ĹŮˡ֮г˻ʵǸ⣬϶һɫ̫࣬Ҳ⹬пءòܼԨҲѹǸĴˡ
ԼĪʮӵ·̣һǽߵͥԺǰ̧ͷһ̫ҽݡδȥҩϮ
̫ҽûйŮֻ̫࣬иĴҽŮ߽ԺӣãͥԺİڷɹҩļӣһЩʵϰҽŮΧŰɫΧȹףڼ䴩æµšԨæͣĻҽ
ֻԨһӣšһ˰֡ЩҽŮ·ϰߣȻĻعͷȥæԼˡ
ԺһԨֱ˽ȥҶǧҲֻø˽ȥұ߳һͷҩмڷż輸ǰһˡͷɽԨİɫٷϴ
Ԩߵǰ棬˺ȻѡлЩ˯⣬һϲЦտ˵ǼԨԨ~¡¡
վںҶǧ䲻ɵ۵һЦԨԨû뵽ƨ˹Ԩᱻյ֡Ҷǧʱˣøбӡ
ҶǧһЦŽ˵עֻ˸ӣ´Ҷǧ䣬ʵԨԨļҵĹŮ
Ԩ̾һε˵ԺʹĻҶǧ䡣
ûǴĻԺʹƷԱ̫ҽݴСС¶ܡ˺Ͱ׵һλԺʹϵġ
ԭҶԺʹһЦݵ˵
ҶǧӦ˹ȥԱߡ
ŮĶϲ~ԺʹЦݵҶǧ˵
ҶǧЦݸˣ֮˰˵ʵˣǺţ
ʱԨüͷĸˣ˵˵ǵ½ҵˣȴȥҸס̶ɫ΢һ쵽ˣôһԺʹʲôӡ
Ҷǧʱһ㶣û뵽ͯƵôүȻԨȻܹԤϵİ
Ժʹʱڳһ˵ı飬ҼҵԨԨҶף͸İ~
Ԩڵĸˣʮֲ͵ĶҶǧ˵߲ߣ
Ҷǧ΢΢һ㶣ߣתֶԺʹЦ˵ԺʹˣСŮһ~˵ձ֪ͬԨ˳ȥ
̤ţ㴫ԺʹСﳣ~
˻һҶǧ䲻ɵһƤ񣬿ǰѹֵԨ־ЩЦ
ԨƹԺ˵ǺԺʵҲһƬط޽żԺ䡣аյͼ֣֮ǰһԺסŵҽԱмҽŮŵıʵϰҽŮʹҽŮˡ
ԨҶǧ䰲˿һӷΪ䣬Ȼط󣬵Ҳʩȫɾࡣ


ھʮ ͼذ

֪һݱæǰæʰԵġʵδĶֻ࣬ǼӭõĻϴˡ
ҶǧתһȦʾǺģԼʺּʵĻ
ԨҶǧȥȥӣЩͷ󣬱վſ˵˷ʹҽŮʲô˽ĵطǾСֳҶǧ乴˹ָ˵㣬ȥط
Ҷǧһɻʵȥģ
ԨĿڵ㲻˵Ҫ
ŶԣôˣҶǧæڴԨĻ߰ɣȥι۲ι̫ҽݰɡ
ٳʱ֪˵֪˰~ȥתתһͻˣȴŰ~˵ձԨ䣬˳ȥ
֪һ٣ӦһҶǧȥæѹ죬ź͵ȥķ
ԨҶǧӣ￴һۣʱ֪ˣҡͷЦһҶǧ˵ǿ~
ҶǧӣعͷһϷʵԨڵ˵ҿԨԨ
Ԩʱ°һ̧мһ˵ô죬Ҫȥ𣿡
ŶˣԨԨ~ҶǧװȻӣվŲԨһơ
ԨԵЩᣬҶǧһӵ񣬱첽ǰȥҶǧԨԱӣЩ⣬ЦݣĲӸԨǰȥ
߹һȣƹ󷽣һǰͣ˽ŲſڶŵĲԼӴðŨŨҩζʱ֪ﶨǰҩĵط
ʱһҽһҩ˳󻹸һλ΢ֵҽָֻʲô
ԨǰһһƽĿڵҽôпĵطˣ
ҽȻһȻû뵽ӻԨϺһչǣǿЦЦԭҽҲżȻĿգǰҩǷϸġ
һԵҽҽ˺ãֻعͷһ޴ĿҽʵҽҩҪﵹ
ҽɫһ䣬̧űҽٵƨһţҲҪң
֪һߵЩҽȻǰһ򣬽һʱǰȥһҩҲ˳ȥǡҶǧ¡
ҽθգǰȥҽһţŭšǴС¶첻ãʰ
Ԩü壬ҽαظһҽٷôĻ𰡡
ҽٹ˲òƤƣҪǰʰһҩ
ʱҶǧԨ߳šӼһҩҽֻվһԣʱʱ͵ҽ
ҽһϳҶǧ䡣ɫһ䣬㿪ڵҽҺȻ̫ҽǱ߻£Ҿһˡ˵ձҲƵˡ
Ԩһصҩѣֳҽʵ˭֮ǰôû㣿
ҽæصҽĻСĽǿ֮ǰΪʥϰҩҽˣСǽűϵġ
ŵҩǻϵģҶǧҩ̧ͷʵ
ǿ̧ͷصСҲ̫ոҽһʹСİˡ
Ҷǧ˼ĵ˵ͷԨҽһίӣҲʲʲôֻð˰˵ˣûˣȥɡ
ǿظĵ˵ͷԸƨһȳһյˡ


ھʮ ͼذ2

Ҷǧվɫص˵ҩȷڣǼ̫١꣬Ҳϲôص֡
ԨЬⲦ˲ҩΡۡɽ髡˲ЩǵƢθҩȫû⡣˵û֤֤ҩʥϵģǴҽľٶǰ˾Ųʮˡ֤˴ҩʥϵģǴҩȫûκ⡣
ҶǧҲЩˣ⵽ôŪأҶǧһƺʲô͵̧ͷԨͬԨҲûعͷĿԣͬʱѿڵ߶ަ
Ҷǧһľϲû뵽ԨȻԼͬ뷨ԨǳŵҲǳǳһĨ΢ЦĶަʹ˳ֻþ鴤ԣһ㲻ʹǼڵ໥ǣ໥ãͲһˡ
βѾˣػãʥϵĴĺΣաܴɵأҪĻΪʥҪһҶǧԨ
̫ҽӦбƬİɣҶǧ俪ʵ
˵ɣֻɹеģǴӺε֪أԨһ˿ɡ
Ҷǧ΢΢һ֪ƬǸϡ˵ɹС
ԨһУȻЩŽɣת߱˵߰ɣ⻹Ժʹ֪
ʱԺʹ迴飬һԵõӡҶǧ䲻ЩΣʳеľ˰ɡ
ԨҶǧǰԺʹæֱӣЦݵĳǹ˹֣ԨԨ˰
µģ̫ҽݿɻ㣿Ԩ߹ȥżɽ˵
ԨԨʲѲҪԺʹһԨʵ
ԨʱɫһҶǧ״ٳæڵԺʹҪģԢΪʥβ
ԺʹЦһſԨиϼֵĮһ˵Ŀڵ~ʲôΣûˣ
˻һҶǧ΢΢һ㶣ԺʹԸ㿪ڽ͵Ƭ֮ãʩԹʮ룬ػеõġ
ԺʹһסҶǧ䣬ŵĿʵ˵ʮ룿ôʩ룿
Ҷǧĸ첲ԺʹյЩʹֻüѵĿڵǼҸҵġ
ԨҲԺʹЩԾĸ첲
ԺʹʶԼЩæſҶǧĸ첲˭
Ҷǧ첲˵ҸҶۣѲԺʹϵüҸ
䣬ԺʹʱȻĵϣ㾹Ȼĺӣ컯Ū˰
ҶǧĿԨֻҲһȻ֪ӡ˰ΣԺʹ˻ŮҸںδ
ҸѾȥˡҶǧԵЩį
ʲôԺʹʱһ˺ܴĴһ㣬ͷɥ̾
ҶǧЩ֣ѵԺʹҵľʶ˵ҵôʶ̫ҽݵأ


ھʮ ĥ

ӵʣҶǧ俪ʵѲɣԺʹҼҸǾʶ
Ժʹ̧ͷۺӵĿһҶǧ䣬һԿȡݸԨţڶС˵ձųصĲ߳
ҶǧԨԶжٶǶЩ⣬Ԩ˵Կף˵߰ɣۻǰҪ
ҶǧԨҩʱʱЩɵˡԼ¥ߣҩӶ뷿һˡҽԺʹ˵ĵڶǵڶأڶ㰡ҶǧԱߵԨ˵
˵أԨĿڵӣָָǽǵӣ취ˣԼŰɡ˵ձڳһ²ؼӡ
ԨӣҶǧﲻɵһ~ҲûָܸԼԼ~Ҷǧ˽ڣߵǽһѱӣŲҩǰûףعͷһȵĿԨ˵ҽòǿָ߰ɣ
Ԩʱɫ΢䣬һԿ˦Ҷǧ䣬תͷûдԨ˱飬Լ˵˼ĿȥˡҶǧʱģһ˵ڶ㡣մ򿪳룬һӭ
Ҷǧһϲó̳ӣСתԨ˵СԨԨӺ~˵ű㽫̳һס
һԨҲϵĺܺãȵĽס̳ӣ滹߶߶˵˽ĶҲӣûסǺã
ҶǧҲֻǶԷ磬ɵĴĵĻңվԨǰ˴̳ӣʱ磬ġʱȡ㣬ִǴĶడ
ԨȴһѸ˸ӣˣɫҲˣȥƷȥͷɣζˣ
ҶǧԨһۣûĿڵ˰ɣֻǷͷһԼɡЩ֪֪治֪ĵģپֵΪ˵ձ㽫̳Ӷ˹رڻС
ص֪Ѿ̶ѾˣҶǧ䱧һֻ̳ӻǰѯʵС㣬õʲô
ҶǧصһЦǴԨı˵ձŻݡ
գҶǧصݣרķͷ֪ҲҴţֻþĴݡ
һҹķսҶǧַƵͷںˡ˵ԲԲģԼģģͷֻƴСҶǧԭŻ̳ӣǺøԷζһУҶǧϨ˵
ʳǵĺҹžҶǧ䷭ȥһʱˣû˯šϿ޴ζʱ΢һӰӣҶǧʱһҳֻ̽ϵ롣
˽ŲҶǧ䴲ߣƺʲôڵôţ˯òϰ𣿡
Ҷǧʱһ˵£ô㣿
㡣˵գīҲҶǧǷͬ⣬˴ϡ
Լϵī껣Ҷǧ䲻Щ֣оȷīûҹãΪңҶǧԽԽ~
ʱīȴ΢΢Ҷǧ䰴ص˴ϣһ£һߡ
Ŵһ˼һīȵĺҶǧϣǵһһסƫƫֲҶֻþš


ھʮ Ͽһ

ʱ·ʱ˽ŲζƺҲࡣϢΧī϶еζҶǧ䲻Щ٣æסĿڣҲҳֱסǽա
ī̾ϢΪšĺһ뿪ҶǧŸ¹͸ϣӭŻ谵¹⣬Ҷǧ侪ȵķī껾ûдߡ
ǧ䣬Һ۰~ī᲻ŵĵ˾䡣
Ļг˺ƣ룬һʱҶǧ䵹Щˡǧ̫֮ӵ£ȻҲһһĴӡī껣ﲻЩ۵ζʱֻصһǰֱֻɰ۵ĴӡҶǧ˶ʵǳ֮ϵ°ɣ
īĲΪҶǧ££ӣ˯ɣһˣˡ
ůģȴҶǧЩԣЩաźҹΣһԵİ룬ȫ˳ī껣㵽װҵʲôһǰڣȫ˶ҵΪʲôҵѣΪζ˵һһ롣ȱůģҺԺͶͱģֺαҵأ
Ҷǧī껷Եøƽֻж˼įǧ䣬ԲҲá˵գֵ̧Ҷǧ˯Ѩֺ˯ʱԻ⿪
Ҷǧʱ˯ȥīչ˫۽뻳Уһľ䣬̰ռΪСò̧ͷЦڵȥشЩأٵȵȣȵȾͺá
ɫδԨʹҽŮǰ˵Լһ֪˵Ҷǧʵ˯ۣʶ̽̽ߣ¶͸ƣҹһз·ϿһΣҶǧףôܻڵء
Ƶ飬߷ߵݲݵʰ£㱧̳ȥ֪˽ҶǧϴЩ죬һϰ£ֻ±Ƿʲôá
µԨǰΪ߽ʥιŰҶǧûĿڵڻأô˯ᡣ
ҶǧʱΪҹ£ƵĻţĴֱߵǰרΪʥϿԨ˸ûȤҲǸʶˣǿҶǧѣҲûٻϽͣ˵ʥǰʱǰѵģ컹ܺȽȥιȫ˳ҲŹˣ΢
Ҷǧǰü϶ϲյʱ䣬ʥϷ·ʮһ㡣ʱϻʵۣ۶ǻ粻ɫһȦ߶ʲôתֺۡ
Ҷǧһʱʥϵֹۣ˼Щ߰顣عͷһĶԨ˵ȥ߽Ӱʩڼ򲻿ɽ˽
ԨӦһȥΪҶǧһСתΪҶǧ֣ҶǧͷʱЩաµ˵ʲôԨ̾һӦҶǧҪ󽫡ƬͷʥϵĲ¡
Ҷǧ»ƽǰƿ׼ʼʩ롣ԨҲͬһһԣǳ̲һ룬ԽŮЩˡ


ھʮ 治

ʮ뻹ҶǧҶ۵һƾɵͷģʱú棬ô˹ʩ뷨ӡʮΪѨ˵ǹѨǱȽΣյѨλˡ
˵뷨ǵһ˵˻ǾҶǧҲûףһȵؽһ˹Сŵڶ룬ẓ̇롢롭
ԼһʱŽʮȫʩꡣҶǧһͷڼ䣬һԵԨӢüúСʮ䣬ԼҲųһ
ҶǧǰϸĦϻʵ۵ı仯ͼûзӦЩ֡ǵдţʩ󣬻Ҷǧ룬ϻʵ۵ֱóʩڼʹѨϵĴ̼šȻһ̣вѨλðںڵѪ顣
Ԩʱһʮϣ˿ֳѪ飬òʵЩˡҶǧ俴ŲðѪ飬һϲʱӿ´̼ƵʡһѪ鲻ٱҶǧŰ˳򣬰롣
ڼ䣬ԨѷԸŮˮ뾡ȥҶǧϸĵĽϻʵ۵˸ɾһУҶǧŸо첲ʹѡԨѵõݸһ裬ҶǧȻȻܡ
ҶǧȲļ϶ԨΪϻʵۺ˺ȻһΪǺñӺۺĿҶǧ䣬˵˿ôʩȷʵֺʲô㿪ڵҼǵ10ǰ̫ҽҲһλ̫ҽʩʩĺܺãҵҲֻ5ʱûмλ̫ҽˡ
Ҷǧʱһʲôϵϻʵȴ˹Ҷǧæ²豭ԨǰȥʵʥϣиоЩ
ϻʵ۵еĻ˲٣̧ԨҶǧ䣬вס߶ţ̫ˣ̫~
⻰һʱöһͷˮʶȷʵǻָЩҶǧǰһϻʵۿڵʥҺϢţСŮ
ϻʵ̾һۡߵ䣬ԨвʵոʩЧãΪβʩأ
Ҷǧ߱˵ߵѨλͬ򲻿ʩֻܸһ˵ʥϻָٶȣƲձɫʥѸߣˣֻҲ
ԨһҶǧĻֵݸһʾҶǧʶ֮д۾䣬вָͻΪԼɱ֮ҶǧæޱͬԨ˳ȥ
ŸտҶǧǰĳʱһ㶣ֻǰվٹ٣ȴ岽֮⣬ǰռ̫ҽҲС
̫ҽһҶǧָ߷ߵƿС˴治֮£
ڴ̫ҽĻ׷׽ĿͶҶǧ䣬εҶǧһʱЩ㶣벻ͨԸæһ磬һžͱָű˹ˡ
Ԩǰһȭڵʥյˣ֪ǰ治֮£ڴ󳼲ľۼ⡣΢Щ⡣


ھʮ ݺ

̫ҽǰһΧȫֻһڵŮԻʥϣʥϿΣԳûʥϡһ׷׿Ҷǧ䣬ǵšУһλȴһӵ
ҶǧЦһݵĿڵ̫ҽƾ޾ݵģγأ治°ʯͷԼĽţ
̫ҽ˵ǰ磬㱳ҵʥʩ룬ʥ϶ʱͱ־ҵȱΪҽ߳ŷĽʥϵĽ㡣ȻûмʥϺת˵ղʩմȾʲôҩ
˶ʱը˹Щʱ˾̫ҽݵ˶Щ޲ߣҶǧ俴ᣬԽ̫ҽ˵ˡ˵̣ѹΣ
̫ҽҶҽΪʥʩʱһֱڡʥϵȷʵĹۣڴǷǲŶԡԨĿڵ
Ԩֻ̫ҽݵһƷҽ٣ĻһƷԱ̫ҽĻĸվ̫ҽҶǧָָ㣬۷׷סڴʱ̫ӭ~
ڴæתȥֵ£򸣽𰲡
ڴ~һȺд˵Ĵӵ£ǰ
ҶǧһμλֻĽʵ޳ʮӢ쪣һԵϡϻʵЩǻʼʿü͸¶ŵ
īϿ̨֮ϵҶǧ䣬ת̫ҽڵ糯£ڴ󳼾;ۼڱֵĵǰ˳֣ʥΰ
̫ҽһĿڵ֪ŮӱǹƻʥϵĺҽҵʵǵʥϰΣŽⰡ~
ŶˣīɻĿҶǧ䣬۴
ֻҶǧɲ̬ȣĿڵ̫ҽ˵ǲϣʥתˣ
̫ҽɫһ䣬ƿСݵԣûɷϵĶ˿
֪˶ʱһ̧ͷ̫ҽ̫ҽ֪΢΢˵ͷиһĨ⣬ʱ˵ס
Ҷǧɻ֪ӣкβң˵ձ㽫ߵС̫æǰ˹ȥؾصĳʸ̫ҽ
ǼҶǧһ̹ӣЩҡˡʱҲڣǰøǷǵĻ
ҹ˵ĸУյ͵ţд˵ʥϲʹľΣڴ󳼺ֹ֮Ļô˵Ҳǳ͢һƷԱӶҪԲŵ˽һĻۣЩˣֲӣֻԭؾ䡣
̫ҽ˻ﲻЩ⡣˵濪ʼ˵ŻƵʵһ޲мһ룬һɲĲƬȱ֤ԣ˴
͵ĿĵȻڻ󣬶ǰǰڷʲôĿ֮£ɫһ̧ͷ˼Ŀ֪ˡ֪˼ɫһ䣬ʱҲЩʲôԵЩִٲ
ҶǧЦһ̫ҽɿʲô𣿻˵̫ҽҵʲô


ھʮ ֮Լ

ڴ󳼽Ŀ׷ͶֻͣûӻʱﶼʼĬվһԣ˼һӿԸ
Ҳڹٳ켣ˣβ㿪ڵŮĻ²ҵܹʶƵġʥΣҵļģ
֮λ޴ǣǵ治ңβһ㣿ҶǧīϣĿڵ
Ҷǧ̬ȼ˷·˲ͿܵơԨǰҶǧ䣬һ˵ʱһμϡ侹ī껵ĸо֮ǰڰй۲Ҷǧλߣ۹һƷʲôһ㡣
ҶǧӣɵöҲ棬̧ڵ㿴βǹأ
ҶǧϵԼգպСŮδҽʥϣǴá
ɲģ򲻿һ
һλվ˳͵Ļ̫ҽˣϷ򿴼Ůı£䱸ɭϵҲʲôӡȻ˵գҵȱգһ½Ҳٰ
˵ͷȻة඼˿ڣ̫ҽҲĪҪ˵ˡ漴۴ĿҶǧ˵ȻˣΪһ죬˺죬ʥδܼãô˵Ǵá
Ҷǧ买ֵСŮӣ
ҶǧӣīЦһ˰ֱתȥˡڴһһߺšͿ¡һ߹ƵΧߣīһȥ
ͷȻĿҶǧ䣬ֿ˿֪ˣҧҧһ˦Ҳˡֻʣλة໹ԭأһҶǧ䡣
˷׷ɢȥҶǧһ漴Цһҡҡͷ̨ףŷ֮ǰ˵λ߻δȥλͷ׿ݴˣҶǧ仹кøеġ
Ԩǰһؾصλ߹ֵԨة֪࣬ةôҲ
ة΢΢һЦ۰׻ĺӣҶǧ俪ڵϷֻƣʥյˣǸʲôˡ
ҶǧԼֲ֪νӻֻ̧ͷ΢Цةһ˵ĵ˵ͷﻹͣ˵šʵ̫ˡ
ԨةֺѼ
ҶǧԨԣ̧ͷʵΪµ£̫ӵ²棬ɿأ
ԨĿڵһΪʲô~ʵԵбֳɡһ֧̫Ӽλһֿ֧¼λκʥּδ£ʥֲʡ¡ɾһֱֲ£Щ󳼣ǿһɵġ
̫ӱǴλǲȻΪƾٿأҶǧԽˡ
Ԩ̾һѹѵĵΪҶǧ͵̫ӵ汸ֻΧʮȴͬӵʮ˵ıȨټ̫ӵմߣʣĸʾ˰
Ԩôһ˵ҶǧŻȻ򡣹ֲī껻˵Լۣ˿Ҳʵ۰
»ص̫ҽݣѹʱôһڣĴ˷㡣ҶǧֻһƣĻصסҲ֪ˣֱ߻ݣͷ˯
֪ȴҲŽˣߵǰҶǧŴȻǸоģûҲû;֪˹š


ھʮ 

Σֻ֪ĿС㣬֪֪ˣҲɼ~
֪˵ĿǻҶǧʱüͷĶ֡ԭ򣿡
̧֪ͷۺҶǧıӰһ˽ȭͷʵչˣһ·ϰٰѲ˵ҶµвңĸҲӡ
֪ˮ˵ǰЩӣ˽һҲϣӵĻͻɱ㡣ǻӺС㣬ֻӦ
Ҷǧ䷭𣬵ȻĿ֪ˣԭƾҶʶûĺô򲻻ôİɣ
֪Ȼڵϣͷûٿޣ˰ֻЦһԣչ˵ˣֻҪܰɴ£ҽֻҪܽˣһӵٻҲܲġԴˣۣҲҲźˡ
֪˵ʵ飬Ҷǧ䲻Щѹϧ֪ˣҲҶҴ10˰ɣҲǵİΪƫƫҪƫأ
֪Ȼ̧ͷ۾۲ʵĿҶǧ䡰ү˰ҵŮ֪еȻǸмġ㣬ƾʲôүƴı㣡ƾʲô̫ӵΪ㸶࣡
Ҷǧ΢΢һüͷڵ֪ˣ㵽ʲô˼
֪ۺվЦһ㻹֪ɣ㣬Ҷǧ䣬ү˵ҲͬһҲүƣΪңһ֪Լĵ˭~ߣǸҰ
žҶǧ֪һƣҲϵĻ֪ȻЩľȻ
Ҷǧ֪ˣȻ֪ˣұΪֻһŮӣ֪㻹ǸСˣΨŮСҲ㵹ռˣһƣҴڲԣԵˣȥʡɣ
̧֪ͷۺ޵ĵҶǧ䣬һ˳ȥ֪ߺҶǧȻԺвϵػص֪˵Ļү
ãҶǧεĹ˹ǣҶүӣνû뵽ϢȻ£֪
Ҷǧ䳤̾һڴϣһű˱ԼͻȻûЩӣûʲô֮Լû塣˯ȻѣÿϵЦݶʵġûд֪˳򣬿ҲϲݳĻʳҲ˵ЩΨһزȥľʱ䣬صľǺڡ
ֱʱ֣ʹҽŮĲһ˽ҶǧڴšҽŮ˯ţҲûٶţ·бȥˡ
ֱ֦ͷʹҽŮǰʰŷҶǧɻǸơ̫ˣûҴţ㽫͸˵ķ˻ȥʵһֱһֻجج״̬£㲻˯ţҲѡ
Ԩſӭ˸ոճʹҽŮзķˣԭδЩ߽֡Ӽ֪ҲڣҶǧҲϢڴһҲ΢ЩˣǰȥΪ˱ӣŹغ˳ȥ


һ Ŀ

ڶ죬Ҷǧ˸磬û뵽ԼججΰѵĹһޡ˼ɾһֻ֪߳˾ȻڣٶԼء
̫߳ҽݣѵԨſڵšǰȥҶǧ䣬ڵ֪Ҷҽ˴ܵȺðںڵȦǴ˰ɡ
ҶǧҲһû̧ܣֻǵŶ~
ԨҲûаοˣᰲοˡҶǧһ޾ɵӣһʱҲ֪˵ʲôźãֻþĸһͬµ
̤ڣҶǧרΪϻʵīι˰ֿʼʩʮ룬ϻʵ˵˻Ựһ߻ΪưĦ
Ҷǧһƣʱ䣬ֱ̫ҽͣ߳˴
⼸գҶǧ伸ûһͣЪ˾ЪЪԨʵڿȥҲԵ㶫һ¶棬Ҷǧȷ˲٣һȦйȻûмī껵Ӱ
ҶǧͷƵģδӦ۵ʱ̫ҽ㿪ڵѹΪҵûмʥϣ
ΧĴҲӦ͵ǣҳ̫ҽݵ˶޴ǣһŮΣͷ˵ܴᴦء
ǣ
棬ҶǧЦһ̫ҽ͵ʥûбҽãǸʥϱҽã
̫ҽǶЦһ󵨣ͷ˻Ӳ~ðҽƭŮӸץ
ţ޵Ҫ˭ҶԿһԾĺǳµﴫ
˽һ㶵ĿŴӵ߳ˡϻʵīԨĲ»˳ֻһɫڽ£ް߰׵ͷ߸ߵȻɫЩ΢΢Ĳ԰ףڸǲɢĵš
ī녾׵ĳǰڴ˰æ׷׹ڵأҲ⣬һͬͷ΢μϣػϴ󲡳
ߣ޿ƺϣ޺ðīһ˵
˵ͷøˣʥϿǵգ䲻ĸǶʲô̫ҽˣֻӲͷƤ˵ϣ򲻸ҡҲǵǻϵ壬ſھռϰãһٹͬϲ°
Ŷ~ô޸ոţҪ޵Ŀץ
һ̧ͷвʵЩסڴͬһЩɻʥϿеĿ˭˿һվŵҶǧ䣬׷װﲻɵöɱҶǧźð
С~
ūڣһ̫࣬ðɫ߾ᣬԨ˳
ڰ䶼ڣʥּ
~Сӵ̫Ӧһվڴ󳼵ǰչʥּˣʵگԻдҽҶǧ䣬ҽģΪʥϿ˾β缲²ż汸ʥϲطΪĿպвʽմ~
Ҷǧʥּ󣬲˵ĳԾ٣֮ǰϻʵ̸࣬û뵽ԼΪҶǧʱ֪ǺáһԵԨȭԨĿǧ顣
ڴвʣЦݵĸźĿǧ~
˵ĵУҶǧŻԨʵףٶϻʵīĿ⣬Ҷǧ΢΢һЦת󷽵ǣݡڴˣƽ
ĵЩۣԨһҶǧ䣬֪ΪһźȻоֻĽǶȣʺġ
ȥǴǿֺõļЦһʶʲôαܴʱλҶǧ䷴ûоĿģǸоһѹԼк֮䣬Ҷǧֻ˺ҵ


һһ ѾԻ

ϻʵٴԴ󲡳ʥǷΪɣɢڴǣΨ˹ةµֻûľɢȥʵ۾ɼѳ˼գ֮͢бȻֻһձϻʵۿеǣвݣԼΪĵʯ
ʱҶǧ䣬ڲͻȻδпֻͬԨص̫ҽݣԺ㡣
ĹŴʲô죬Ϊµ̫ҽݵһ·ϣĹŮ̫Ƿ׷ǰһĵҶǧ丩ҾǰҶǧ䶨΢ЦڵͬԨһޱδŵľֱ
յ̫ҽݣԨ㱻ԺʹˡҶǧԻصڣһݱ㿴һʹҽŮߵӰİһӳʳΨ֪ˣ֪֪ȥˣ
ҽŮһҶǧˣæһЦݵĻصؿĻū澽ʱû֪˽㡣
ŶҶǧü΢ߵǰĿĳʳϧθ㬣ֻ⶯˼ӡ
һԵҽŮҶǧ˿ӣæʵǲͿθڣ
Ҳǣˣȥɣ֪˾˵һҶǧ䵭˵
ţū澸ˡҽŮ˵ձؾصȥ˵ſƺʲô̶ת˵磬ūȥ﹬ΪʺͲʱƺ֪˽㡣
Ҷǧ۹һתһĵȻƺʲô̾һ˵֪ˣ°ɡ˵ձ߽ݡ
ʵˣҶǧ俴ŸɾĴ̣øУſڴϷſ˼벻һ˯ˡ
˵ʼҵİЧҲʵԣʱ𶼵ĸʰ϶˲Ϣǵý𶼰۷׷ס²գ½֪ˡʰǰһӴһ糾վŰϵۻĶЦ̶һǰȥ
˱ī껣ǰյֺƵķɸ봫飬˵¹ؽҪ֮īҹغϣָһ֮ڲսһǣҶǧڹеİΣæ˻֮ڼһδϡֱ̤𶼿ʰʱĲ԰Щ
ʳµһ춼ǵŽգ˭ǰһɲʺҲ⡣ԹŸԴˣ̿һŭص﹬һӹŮ̫ʹ˳ȥΨճ簲̵ĳͲ
ʱҶǧ˯ú쵹صģֱԨǰתѡ˿ɫû뵽һ˯춼ˡ
Ԩε£Ҫ̫ҽ˯ͨ𣿡
Ҷǧ۾һ˸һ˵ҽ˺ֱײģŮӵĹ뷿𣿡
ԨһұΪһ£ſڻöδ죬¿̫ҽݳ˸ʲô£۵ҵȣŽǷ񰲺á
ҶǧŷԨ̳ӣʱüЦ˹ȥһѽӹе̳ӣҽҾֱ˵α˵ЩƵġ
̶൱ˬһĿ̳ӵķڣһŨľŵ÷ʱɢҶǧ̰һһ䡰㰡~ҽ˻¸ѽ
Ҷǧ仹ʵûƣǰ˵Ǹþ֮ˣǷۣҲǻСüһ̳ƿǽҶǧصľƳ棬ȫ˳
ԨҶǧδɵЦЦҼҲͨŮẬ˼ȥҲֻֿʡ
Ҷǧ使ĵԨһۣ֪ǹҽʱѧƨˡһ˵һ߱ž̳ȥ
Ԩ󣬳һĨεЦҡҡͷ벻ͨҶǧ䵽ʲôģرر˲ıᱻ


һ 

Ҷǧ䱧ž̳䣬ֻŴ󿪣Ϯϻ˾Ĳȡֵ³ȲʺϺСƣ磬
̳ϺҶǧŷϾ˫꣬ɻ󲻽̧ͷԨ𣿡䣬ֻ⴫һϴ~
Ҷǧʱվ⽥Ӱϲţôˡ
ţ빷ͬЦݣ̤ӳҶǧصǵ´ġ
˵ţҶǧſһĨӰɲǼϵЦһҲ΢ԵЩī߽ӣҶǧƵͬԨһҾʺãţ빷ԼߣҲī껡
īεҡҡͷһ˫ݵĿ˼ֳ硣ԨīõϣԼһī껱ĽӰԸԲʮ֮ڣ˿
ӰӦȥҶǧվž̳ÿ˶һ룬ֿī˵̫ӵ¿ǰʱһֵͬģȻˣǽûֻ֣֮мʱְѾԻΣ
Ҷǧ˺ԣţ̫ӷŭֻðг˳Ҷǧ䡣һԵĹԨԵõЩ
ţǣīֻһЦڵã
īӦҶǧ䵽ҲǿĻǲģֻ˵һƾңлλѵʱҵİ˵ȸΪ~˵űһơ˵Ҳ֣磬Ǻȵȴһ㶼оζй÷ڿУòɢ
״æȰϴĪҪˣ˵㣬ɺ󾢿ɲСĪҪˡţȴȵϴð~
Ҷǧһھ¶ǣּţѵһڵӣɵüЦ򹷵˵Ī£ϴҵľǿԵġ
һԵԨ״ԱĿڵƿó÷𣬳10֮á㵱ˮˣǱǲﰡ
ҶǧֵĵһۣͺھСӣ~ţǺȣ˵űֺһ롣
ţҲһ룬һȦʵϴôû֪˰
ţôһʣҶǧ΢΢һ̶װûһ㣬һѼӺݺݵҧһڣ~治˵űΪţ빷
ī껳һĨ΢ЦĿҶǧ䣬ֻʱԨСüڡҶǧȻװĸûһĳѾͷװ¡ȾҲţֻǲɫĽԵļˣǰ
ƹѲҶǧѾɫ죬˫룬ȴЦţҪȾƣҪ˻ȭԽԽĵļơһЦ绨ӣһʱīﾹЩ΢΢ķ꣬Լܱñ˿һĸо΢΢Ҷǧ䣬ĪҪٺˣˡ
ҶǧҡҡͷһӴͷ˵ҲûЦһûʼ~̶գ۾ָָ̧ī˵㡢ժˣˣ
˱Ҷǧ˵ţԨ˽һ˼м俴΢Ҷǧ䣬ֿ˿¶轵ī껣֪ǺáΪ䵹һǰϴ󣬺ȵˮѹѹĪҪٺˡ
Ҷǧȴһѽ豭˹ȥüҲŲȲأҪľ~Ƶأ˵Եˣ
Ҷǧ˾룬ī껶ʱߣס󽫾˹һ̣ҶǧȻ̧֣һѽī껵߸ժ


һ 2

һɲʱ·ѾˣԨоþòܻ񣬶īҲ΢΢һ̶̾һǧ䣬֡˵űûеߡκԼһץһž룬ºһҶǧѽе߲֪ӵ˺δ
ҶǧվվȵӣīֻĻԷֹˤš˵ƵĺҲʵܴ󣬴ʱҶǧѾǳ׵ˡһ˫Ⱦ˼ζֻī껵ĲЦ촽Цٻ⣬˵ƣÿѽ~
ձī껾ո𺳵ԨֱҶǧܿɹĽӸŵˣֻһŤתͷȥ
һԵĹȴ޽üͷͷʱʱĴȭͷ˯ţš㣬Ҫ˳ϴȾƣ¿ɺ~
ԨǴȥһ¡īڵ
һ⻰æվڵ£ҼϴƣȻչΪã㲻ͷˡ˵űҪӹī껼ͷϵҶǧ䡣
ī껻Ҷǧ΢΢һܿ˹һ˾ڵʲôأǧ˽⣬α˿̻ڱ𣿡
ī껼ͷϵҶǧ䣬̧ͷ콿ӣ˵ʲôأ~
ԨߣīһηԸгŲݿܡ
Ԩվ˾㣬ĵ˾䡰߰ɡ˾ҲҲһɣֻҧҧţͬԨһ˳ȥ
ߺī̾һԼϵҶǧ߽ݣĽ˴ϡ
һ£Ҷǧüͷī껵䣬šҲҪ˯ǺȾƺòã
īڴߣҶǧļǸٺȣ˯˵ű㽫Ҷǧͷϡ
Ҷǧڴϣī껵ӰʱʱԺЩ⣬ƲƲҲ˯һ˯Ͳˡ
ī΢΢һ㶣̶εЦЦģһһֱߣ᲻á
ƭˣұ۸ʱ㶼ڣǸƭӡҶǧԽˣ˵˵ű۾
Ҷǧˣī껶ʱҲֻøĶͷεԣǸƭӣұ֤ԺҲ۸ˣҲû˸۸㡣𣿡
䣬ΧƵīԴϸϢҲ¡ϢҶǧ˿̵ΪԶԶܴԿƣֻ˫ۣһѹסī껵ĲӣԼĺ촽ȥ
ī˲һƾҶǧǣԼһĿˮĴԼƿֻüͷ˵ӣһ㶼óԣ
ī껶ʱεЦЦҶǧ۹һָ̧ۡüıǣֻī껣ϲġ
ҹīǵ׺ϣīӭ͵⣬ĿϲǰļˡһѱҶǧ䣬Դȥ˿ıݣС׷Ϸ̰ĸԴζ
һǲ硣ƺҪ̲ѾõУͳͳ͸һǶ©Ҷǧ䱻ǵ߻أټϲǣһǲҶǧȱҺīûбͷԣҶǧصżʱſ
⻰
ʮ~ף󼪣ϲ󡣸һǣôô~


һ ˶

Ҷǧ˿˶޹ǣī껿ʺ촽ŵĿҺ壬ɺһҲոյһǻδ˿̼ڻīβ鶯
ǿԺӣīε̾һ֪ˣ㲻Ԩ㱸ˣˣúϢɡ˵ű̧ȥҶǧǵĿˮ
˿̵Ҷǧ˫գѾ˯ˡī껽ڴϣ££ӣͷһǣˡٴȥԼҪˡ
߳ӣҹķЩ⣬΢缸ǴЩ궯֮⡣ԺſڵĽӰ˳ضǵˣæ첽ӭȥ߽һƣʱЩ죬£Ӱīյ֮һī껳ߣһʱټգЩˡ
ţǶź𣿡ī껵Ŀ˿ڵ
صµĻҽǰŵ̫ҽǵԺˡӰ˶٣̶ֿڵȥѰɣ
¹£ī΢ͷӣг飬ˣϲ˵ձ߳Ժӡ
Ӱվԭأһʱ侹Щ㶣˵Ҷǧ俤ɡ벻ͨõ²ǵµˣȻһŮӡӰͷӣͷ˲ס
գҶǧıˡֻ֮ȥǡ
Ҷǧ΢͵Դӡ벻ͨԸ쾹ȻˣȻƬˣĲиʣҲ֪ʲôʱʰˣصݻ׸ɾѣھǰԼ׵ܾͣʲôҪ鱻Լˡ
ϡֻǵãҹԼţȾţҶǧüϸҹ¡۽ǵƳ˽һҶǧæ˹ȥһⲻī껵ѵ˵~
Ҷǧ䱧ڴϣһƬһƬʰƺƬ߶īԼժģضԼժ˵ġҶǧɫһ壬յԼԴҹ٣īӦòҵİɡ
ʱ˯ǰԼԵһĶҶǧһţһ߲ԾԼĴȵĵɴ˫ۣѵҹҰԼĳˣ
û뵽ǾƵĺ󾢾ȻôԼһϾȻЩ£񵽲֪Լѳ׸˭ѵҪһһȥҶǧ쳤̾Ҫ˵ڰ
Ҷǧһ̾һ߰Թ߳ӣֻԺⲽԵЩҶǧæӭȥѲڵϴû°ɣ
ҶǧʣһʱЩ飬ҡʲô°~Ǻȶûµġ
Ҷǧôһ˵һ߶šû¾ͺãû¾ͺá
~ˣ㡢ҹʲôʱߵģҶǧһ̽Եʵ
Ҷǧʣ˾жһ˿ĪҲ˼įҷţͬҽߵġ
ҶǧͷߣҲ˵ҹҺī껹йŮһʱ䣿ټһžơɲǼһдʻҶǧԺУйŮһңԣɲһǣ~һҺأҶǧεҡҡԴʱɥŸô˵ο˶ˣ


һ ԨԴҩˣ

˾վһԿҶǧϵıǧ򻯣ͷƺҲʲôһЩȴʼ˵ڣֻһ˰̾
ʱԺſںӿһڹŮ̫࣬ϹЦؾصųһҶǧū澣ţĿԸǧ顣
ҶǧƣԸ񡣡
лվֱӣйоصһԡ
һλòͷĹŮվ˳ūᣬǷ̷ּģΪã֪ʱ
ȥģҶǧȻЩͷԡ
ؿĻǻؿص
ʼҰЧʹȻһշĿû뵽еլˡԴҶǧ䵹Ҳûжľȣֻǳ˵˵ȥ̫ҽſںŰɡ
˽һ㶣û뵽ŮĿҲʢ˵ƣֻǣؾص˳ȥ
ߺҶǧŻعͷ˾˵ȥţȥԺʹ𡣡˵ձȥ
ԺʹȻ漣ĲڣһͷԨҶǧЦݵӭȥԨԺʹôڰ
ԨһҶǧ䣬жٴЩӡֻ΢΢ĿڵԨĿؿĻҸڸнδСҪҼҸǳȥкҸ
ԨӣҶǧһʱ侹ЩӦüͷǰһֵĿԨôԴҩô˵ģ
ԨɲҶǧ䣬ȭҾ֣̿ͷڴԵƬ̣ͻҸ˵ձתȥ
Ԩ֣ҶǧҲ֪Ը˻ˣúõأһ˾ͱ˸ҶǧԽԽݺݵõԨһۣûĵˣǰԺʹģȻڣתǣУǼ֪ˣң˵ձȥˡ
Ԩ̧ͷгįԳҶǧȻȥıӰε̾һҲã㲻õѣԺҲûûصĶЦҲٱʲôϣˡӽԺǾǳͦáͦá
Ҷǧһӻ𣬷߷ߵ̫ҽſڣţǹȻſںţͣһܰɫսӣرǸԼ׼ˡͷ̫ҽ֣һҽŮҽٵĹ˽ӡ
ߺһ~ȵ˵أڹŮ̫ӵңƺƵʳȥ
ҶǧһӣıŰӣﰵԨǺôҲһͬҽʥϵĸˣҪˣ˵ʮˣȻһİ˰ļƣǰ׽ˡ
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ţһֱĵ··붫Żʳǵ·ЩƣͬǽΨһͬǣ·ܿһЩˣĻĲũ̵ȡ
Լһӣƽˡδ½αΧӵǰƿӣҶǧһ½ΣߴߴͷһһڰشԼضǰ·⿤׳ʲô
ҶǧҲ˵ֻһĨɫıӰعͷϸǰլӣʯʨǰʯɫŴ󳨿ţǰҶδϣ˵ǰҡ


һ С

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ȥֻһ޽һӣ߹СţҶǧһӡֻһۣϲʫ黭ӡԶŲ߽һһӡȫӰ߽δѬ㣬ȴɢƢֲ㡣ϸϺõʵľӹ̣ͷм׼䣬װŸɫ뵤ī
ţ涼ɫɴɨɴ΢ֱ߷һչ磬üīʹճһɽˮĻԱ߻дһʫˮΣ̹˺Ź·Ǿóʱڳĺĺóǳһִ֣֮֮īмʪ⡣Ҷǧ䲻Щ죬ⶫ½Ҳعۣ
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ʲôȫģ㻹һһ˱ȥ˲ɰҶǧε˵Ǻʵ֤ĵǻбҪġ
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Ҷǧɻȥģɻδ䣬ī껺ǰһС̶һ㣬תݶҶǧ仹δӾлɽĹī껵Ĳϡ


һ ݶ

īЦһڵͶͱͼҲ̫Щɡ
Ҷǧŷжôæī껵ĻشҶǧһʱһīۼֿ죬æסҶǧ˵ʲôҲī껵Ļˡ
ոһ£īҲǾδҺƽ£ҶǧĻɵֽ˽㣡ͦõ~˵ڳ𣬸ȴֳζ
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˿̵īĶҶǧռݣԼЦ绨ﾹеǰδе㡣ʱͣһ̶ãӵ·ͿԵģϡ
ҶǧعͷöīȵĿ⣬æתֱĿ⣬һôû߰
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īֱ̾һ˽ȭͷ˴ͷԺ¹ҴûʵݣҲ֪ʲô˵ֻǶһã10ʶ֣ϰ䣬ʱʱĻһЩ˵Ϊʧȥǡֱһľһĺ󱳣ųƿءԺұ㰵ҵֱǰҲ»صʳ֮СȻһǰֳˣһҵˡ
Ҷǧī̹׵ͷζӳ¡īСֶνʧǸе⣬˵ԸǴԽˣǵ»ҲһҶǧ俴īįӣĻĸ첲ڵĪҪˣȥѾȥֻҪںδͺ𣿡
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һ ҵ˭

ڶգ˴ּ˵ʽ³Уڴڼ俤򲻿š³ʮʱˣҶǧ䵹Ǿûʲô֪ʮ콫Ѱӡ
ݶ̸ĺҶǧԽ˸Ƶġ·ҲһɲİɫˣʱʱĻžüġʱţ˽ᷢҶǧǳԴϵļʫ㶵ķŴʱʱĻɵЦŵţȾܣҶǧѲǵʲôֲˡ
˵Ҷǧ仹емȽ֣ʹëԽԽƽ˵ԭȵĺƬҲԽԽһʢĺɫ滨һֱֵˡ
磬ȴһλˣ㱨Ҷǧʱޱȣһ·Сűȥ˻һӱ㻶ĿڵԺʹˣôп⴮ˣ
ԭϵԺʹҶǧõǰȥǰΧĹŮֻ̫࣬վֱӳҶǧҾϳĿ
ԺʹȻˣҶǧһ٣ΧͷؾվŵǣʱַԺʹ񡣡̶ֳŹŮ̫ǵ°ɡ
˶ºҶǧ¹ЦݣǰȥԺʹǿóԺʹࡣ
Ҷǧֻ̾һԺʹҪעĻҿҪޣ˵ձ
ԺʹæסҶǧ䣬ĳĿڵŮ߰ɣٴˣȫ˵ŽһҶǧ䡣
ԺʹصٵͷеİҶǧ䲻̧ͷֻԺʹв˵ǣԺʹǣ
ŮһȰ߰ɡ˵ձ̾һ˳Ҷǧհһʱ侹Щ֪룬Ȼعȥ׷ЩʲôͷһѲӰ
ҶǧŰһص߻СһֻһŻδչҶǧѾЩˡ˶һ˻ᡣ
ԵЩˣֻһλŰɫͼڹٷĿӣϵͼƺԺʹĹٷЩѲԺʹʱӣҶǧ䲻ЩˣڴʱҶǧַһЩߡ˵üֵۣƣȻҶЩ
ҶǧʱһȻԨ˵һ仰Ҽǵ10ǰ̫ҽҲһλ̫ҽʩʩĺܺãҵҲֻ5ʱûмλ̫ҽˡټԺʹֵľٶһЩ鼸Ҫ֮ˡ
ٿζʮ괺ҶԺʹ֮ʵҶǧЩɣǵʵǰʱɲ١ȻĻһӵʷӵȻҶ̫ҽԺʹΪΪһҽ֪˵ҲҶҵ˭
Ҷǧ˼ʱһС̫Żŵ˽ˣ
Ҷǧæü¾˻ţϡǵС̫Сӡ
Сһ־壬˫ȶŲ󡢺ԺˮСˡ


һ ֪֮

Ҷǧʱһ㶣һּ䲻õԤӿͷæСȥԺԺסĵط˵һֱ˵ģԼŰ⸮вʱգȻͶ˾˵Ĺ졣
ԺʱŮ̫ǶΡΡĶһԣЩСѾ˵ϡˮԣţţǲסķȻ̾ϢҶǧǰԵùŹ֡
ڿϣǾʬòѾ˳úɫĽиڸסˣʪһƬһλĹŮڵϣĿͿӱŵòᡣҶǧæǰȥѯʵ⵽ô£
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֮ǰλڵϵĹŮ״ʱͷвͣؼšңҲ֪ң
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Ҷǧһѳ֪ϸŵĺ񷢷һ֪˱Ѱʲô˾ٶΧĹŮһ󾪺ţ˾״æǰҶǧҶǧ۹һţ˾˻ص֪ߣһס֣Ŀ޳߿޻ߺ֪˰ôҵţһ㱨𣡡
˼״æǰȰĪҪѹˡ
Ҫӡ
󣬻˾㵱ϣţһͬЭҶǧͻСһ·Ҷǧϣһֱ޺˵ҪΪ֪ҳ֣ѩޡ
ֱСҶǧĿ޺Ȼֹ˾Ȱ˵䣬ֻҶǧ䵭ȻĨĨᣬ̯ơϴǣţ
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ţȥ۷û̫ȡ¡ӽʽΪеĹܼң㸮еԼ񡣡Ҷǧ䲻ݿܵ˵
˾ЩΪѵĿڵ֪أ
Ҷǧ˶٣̾һˣЩʱǴ򡣡


һһʮ ໨ͼ

ţ΢΢һԴĿڵ֪ߵΣΪβ͵̲ҳ֡
δҶǧӻ˾㵹Цһڵ㵱ˣ̲õĻ㵱ΪλܳΪһͷأ˾⻰һţһֻεĴȣ̾Ϣ
ˣȳȥɣһ˾ʮҪˣ¶ЩҶǧĻ͸Щƣ
˾㿴Ҷǧ̬΢΢һȴҲһɡֻţҶǧ˱𣬱˳ȥ
ߺҶǧŻվߵƹɴվΧﾲĸӭĺ硣ƽĺˮзһһθоþδƽϢȻ֪˵ӣԼʵСǵԼûдһƣǺȰ鶨Ȼһˡ
ҶǧǽĶӣͷ޾С˵ʲôûʵҪΪ֪˱ʵһ׷ҵ׶ңңҪ˵ĵؽ磬ңһƽ򲻿ɲԨ֮СôᣬȴѾ
ԼҲֻһĨĻǰˣĪԽҲˣǰǰһʱԼȻȥˣү㵽Ҷģ̌ͷ˫ͨ죬ߺ޵ĿŲ֪ʱܲգҲ֪ǺʱѾˮϯ
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ҶǧãⳡҲãõһﶼϴͬһ㡣ֱʱ֣ŽСЩʱŹһȴûзҶǧ䡣ʱ㿴һҶǧ˳
ᾪȵǰڵǣ
ҶǧľګֻǵĿڵ׼ԡɡ
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ԼĪ˰ʱŵİ˸ߵԡͰбʢˮϸĵĹŮǻЩĻ棬һ׼̺Ҷǧԡ
Ҷǧֻ߹ȥӹŮеĲԸǶȥɡЩ죬ҲӦӲϲ˷̵ϰߣҲֵֻӦȥһŮʱϸĵĽһɴȥ
ߺҶǧһʪ£߽ԡͰСȵˮÿһ缡Ҳ⡣ԵʣҶǧ˿̿ԡͰЩѣ֮⣬Դͷҳһࡣ
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ֻĶ޳ĲԼӯ໬۵ıĻʱ˾Ѫӿ˰ȥתһ˲䣬˾ɨҶǧ¶ǣһ㶣̶תҶǧǴĺɫͼʱɷǼ׺䶥
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ֱܻԼʱĻ໨ͼڣרڼ³ͼڡʷأ໨ͼֻʥŮϲŻ֡ҲʥŮһУǴʥŮ֮󣬲Ż仰˵ҶǧԼѰõʥŮŹ£


һһʮһ 

ҶǧǿŻǲѵԴԡͰϴŵԡԼͷĿѣƹലȥɾڴʱҶǧоһʱǰȥۿžҪ͵ܽӴʱûԤڵʹǵһůĻ
ī껸һ㿴ҶǧײײǰţҺԼļʱҪȻҶǧ䶨ⲻҪڵһˡī껽Ҷǧķലϣ˿̵ҶǧԴɵĻģʶڡ
Լֻһԡ޳ȸ첲Լظȫ¶ţټԼӻʪģԡѱԼʪ͸ϣµһࡣһ䵽ϣҶǧԼ
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īԴָĹĻҶǧеİࡣκԵʣһһ⣬ʹҶǧ䲻ɵô˸īһеŴֻصΪ££ӡ
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뵽⣬ҶǧԽЩˣԴƣĹ˹ǣڵţһЩأҲЩȥϢɡ
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ȻҶǧȴһס֣ᶨĿڵд㣬֮͢ϵѾ㷳ˣĪҪΪС²ˣҡ
ҶǧᶨִŵĻīиЩϲ΢΢һЦѹھҶǧ伸׵ľͣסˣҶǧʱЩţæ۾ֻīЦһ˵ҺңѰƽ㡣̶Ĵѵˮһǣ뿪ˡ
īãҶǧŻعϡζҶǧ촽Цˣ۴ſɬгһյӵǧʱ㻹ȻӵңңҶ˵黰ʱδϣδ£˭һ䶨ء


һһʮ 

׻˵²ţǧ仰ٴεõ˳ֵ֤ڶ죬ţСӦҶǧҪ󣬳ðЩֽǮʱС˲ո˵¡
˵֪˵ʬǴӺ̧ȥģʬڵһ·ϣᱻ˿һϵʱ䣬ǱΧš¿δ⣬б̧ʬס˼룬Ĺ¡
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صУһȻͬ˾˵˴£˾һϢҶǧ֪һҶǧ䣬ȴһЩ֮ˡ
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µٹҲ׷һЩ͢Ա£ⲻ˳ȥѰЩӣ𶼶ڴ¿飬ǺЩ䴫мֻǰڴ˻ʵģôҲʥǰ˵¿顣ڿվͷЩȻⲻһͼӴ׵Ӧ͡
īվһԣ֮ԽԽأһſ֮¡˺𽥱仯īתīϿڵ˻Ȼ㶼˵ҥˣΪ򸸻ѵ˵֮ϣҲֻʣҥſԵ𣿡
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һֱĬϻʵۺڵˣĪҪˡ֮вʽʱиʹǰأڴ˵ЩеûĵĻú׼һ֮ʽ¡ˣˣ˳ɣ˵ձСӵĲ
ڴ󳼸æߵͣȻߺŻϻʵ۵Ȼ˻ϲ˳ûа취⽨ĹŴʥּǱ컹ҪĶīīٳʱīϺī껵̫ЩĳɳĿðĸ󶨵ʮϲɡ˵ձǰ󲽿˳ȥ
īĻī΢΢һսȭͷ˫۳˷Ȼļλ󳼣ȻҲīϵĻȻ⣬Ǵӳ֮϶˱Ե⳯ҰǿҪ仯ˡ


һһʮ 

Դˣд󳼶֪ϻʵʵ¿ϲýһЩҲ¶˷·⿤ͷԷв
ʵ۽ǰ飬ʱ˾֪񲿣񸮣׷ΪպĲʽæµϻʵΪ˺ƽԼϥµĶŮȴԵЩī껲˵ϵ̫īڻʮ￪ޣһλҲǰȥ˳
ī녵ĺ󹬱ʵ˵ȷʵôӴ󡣿ī녵ǻǰǰҲжʮ˵˵Ҳ֣⼸ʮĺҲв٣ǲʧˮ򲡶ȥЩ̥СеԭɵҲɶӴ⣬ˣһЩҲķڣī˵꣬ȴϥĿ⡣
һ񲿵˸УһˣԼʮ£ԴһɫỤ̊ԵׯضֳȡһҶǧ䣬ؾصһǹ͢ǡΪҶǧЩڣԸеĹŮ̫Щɢ
⼸λֿɲҶǧģӦҪǰΪҶǧ£ԼΪ乬͢ġҶǧһ⣬ȻжԶԶתǧصǼλִλս
ǵħצﵽſڣֻһҵСվ⣬šҶǧʱȤ΢ЦߵſڣǰǸСһܳһˣŻŵһѽС§˻Сȥɫ˵С£ǰĹԡ˵űžžĴǺӵƨɣС޳ΧİԽԽ࣬ȴҿ֡
ҶǧʱˣЩ˵˾Ѿ⴫ǽոйֵֹգԼҲġû뵽Щ޶۵İĻԼǺĵĶˡе̽־壬ٿǸ˾ֵӣжʱеЩƵģеЩϡˡ
ſڵ״ʱǰȥ󵨵񣬿ǰҲҾ̶üͷŹŵϵĸ˵㣬
ǹڵصĸһ˿һ㣬æߵ׵л˵ձſͣغ߿ǸһתеĺӺȻһͿȿȻֹеĺӱ㷭˰ۡ״ŻǸˣʱͣҡŻеĺӿ޺զˣĪҪﰡ
ΧɢȥǣʱΧ˹ȴֲҿֻվ׿ĵطšЩ˻С˵ƣ⺢ӶĿĵˣ
һԵæ˵ˣ꣡СС˰ץȥҩ
Ҷǧ䱻Ǹ˵Ŀ޺ŷǺӵĲԡڱܣҶǧ첽˹ȥЩ˵ȻҲˡ˼ôֱ࣬ߵǸ˵ǰһѽӴĻн˹
ֻǺӿڴ۾׻ͣĳ鴤ţҶǧ䵱ϱ㽫ƽ˵ϣó׼ʩ롣Ǹ˼״ʱŵ۾ȥҶǧȹͷͷ޺šȺ
˵Ŀ޺ԽҶǧеķҶǧһѷסǸ˵ļüͷҪĺӺúûţ͸ұţҶǧĻ˲ݿܡ
Ǹ˶ʱŢסԼ죬˫ۺĹһԡҶǧ˿Ҳ˼ô࣬Ǹ˲ٿ޺æǺӵУ˫мʩ롣Ǹ˶ʱ˾ֵ˫ʼղҳΧİҲɵİ̾ϢЩ˻̿ȥæͷ
ʩ󲻳һᣬӱֹͣ˳鴤̶۾Ҷǧֱͷ£ֲûзյļɴ˱ų­ڸ鴤Ӧٿ⺢ƤݣǸϴ·Ҳƾɲ¾ӪάDȱĳ鴤ĻͺðˣҶǧһȡ롣


һһʮ Բ

һԼĺӻָ飬æ˹ȥһѱס˺ӡҶǧվһԴ㶵˵㣬
Ҷǧ亰Լæ˹ȥһãȻĻصкηԸ
ϵǮңȫҶǧ䵭˵
ŶҶǧ˷ԸȻ˵ֻùԹԵĽԼǮ
ҶǧӹǮһͷװӣﰵڻʳǵǺãһһñӣЩǮ㹻ĸһµġҶǧӣ΢ЦǺӵͷǸ˸㿪ֻҶǧ佫ǮӵĻһڵǰɣصҺͷȣԺԷʳͲ鴤ˣ֪𣿡
Ǻ۾ƶǶҶǧ䣬̶ֿԼǸͬΧİһһŵģʱȺдܳһϴǸ˽ḷ́զզˣ
Ǹ˱źվӭȥǴϲڵոַˣοǿκõأ
ǴһʱǸԼСǷɵˣ⿤զܾأǸҲͣ㽫ӽǸŸлǸһתѻ˸
Χİնڸոշǰ飬Сû뵽˵ǺĿȻᵱ־һӡǸеǮ˫ۺᣬǰȥǰмĺϣлĿ֮˵ձݺݵĿһͷ
ﻳеĺӻЩԼֻֿкš~~ӹ˺ӡǻؼҡ˵ձ㱧źͬλһˡ
ΧҲɢȥ֮ǰΪЩҥУŽĿΪΣյչǺõĲߵڰףǰ£Ȼǵ߸֮ǰ롣ЩȻҲͲˡ
˾ӵϢæ˹ߵſڱ㿴Ҷǧ޾ɵĴ˽˾㰵æӭȥϴ㻹𣿡
֪˵ԼбһڱȻǸѹ˾Ҷǧȴ̧ͷǿջЦҺܺðô᲻áŶˣЩǿ»֪ɣҿɾһˣɱ˵Ұ˵ձ˾ļһ̾ˡ
˾ȻǿҶǧǿ̻µѹҶǧô˵϶ǲ˾á̧ͷ죬ǰһʱ죬˿Ѿܲ˾εҡҡͷƣ춼֪˵ѡ
﹬ڡ
ױ̨ǰǳЦΪԼױšֻһˮɫȹɴںڵ㷢īɢڼϣһͷͷ򵥵˸٣бһöҡ͵һǸճĹһ㣬ܿóһλʮĸء
ֵ¹ھȻһλ̵˶ֻճ⾲šճĿ⸴ӵ͸ֽһĨٻӰвɵ̾Ϣ
齺󷽵һǽ΢΢𶯻Ҳ˶ϲվϸϼŮ飬첽ȥ


һʮһ ҵ̶

Ȼһǰ߳һӰһȻǿīϡ
ֻһϳŽɫͼͷ߸ʮһ֦⻰īϿνֵ쾡¡֦ͷʱַʽ˵ʺ޹УЩƺͲԶˡ
ĲЦݵһͷīϵĻУɣˡ
ī΢ᣬһѽ̴ᱧ使̶ˣ
īô̾Ȼ˰īϵţֵ㶼ЩûˣĪµõģ
īЦǰĽ˷ϣԸҲԱߣǰһ㷢Լǰţ۹һڵⲻϲǱӵİ£ôһȻǲ̶ˡ
Ŀһ̶Цɣ⻰˵ģôһ˱ء
īһܿ⣬Ҳŷ𣬿ļϣɣתۼҶ˶ʮˣʱǲѽ
īĿһչ뻳У̧°ͣʺĴһǣЦ˵⻹ǵÿ㰡~ҵ̶
촲ůҹ
ſڵճĿȵĿѵ£̶ҶôҲһʮˣҲغʮˣһһЦһһһŭһȫΪ˵ɵֺγɵء
ʱתۼţʹ½˽𶼻ʳǣʳԵøæ̡Ҷǧ컹δʱ򣬾ͱλִ޴Ϊͷųϴһ飬·ʱվҶǧλ֣Ǹɫһͼ˰ΣǰʱҲû̽
ϴǷصķԼױݣǰǰȻʱĹ⾰ѵõǣҶǧоǰδеϣϵľżһ˰ڲ
ʵڸſڷºҶǧͱÿʼĬǵЩ﷦ζ֮Ҳٶڼ䣬īҲ֪æЩʲôҲûмһԵţ˾ҲȻǿĳģǶԴҲֻܸɿţû취
ʱĸһϮɴҶǧ䴩ŸӵķΣŷͷΣСڰɴ󷽣ֱ߽죬ǲڵİɴ


һһʮ 1

յĸһϲľ󣬿Ҷǧȴ͸
ɫĲ챻˸׳̧˵Ĵӵ´Сȥʳڲǰһλڲ棬˾ңţŸۡ
ɴǺܺģ˾Ҷǧһ̬ӣлЩĵģ̧ͷźصɴ̽ԵĿʵϴ㻹𣿡
ҶǧľګڲУһһҲͷ˾ʻŽЩ仯ȻҲֻǡšһҲû˵ʲôֻǵͷԼϴŵĸӷΣԽЩ꣬ڵ򲻿ڲԼҪ黹кܶࡣ
ո߳ۡλֱǰɴʣֻʵһɴԹհɴʲ̣һ·Ϻ̺·ųĽֵҲغԡ컺ǰͷĳҲԽԽǷ׷쳤˲ӣ뿴λһʼĶĿǺģ
˴ӵɵĵ·ϴжҶǧڲһ׼ӭӿܵＦҶǳϵǣҶǧĲ쵽ʱǾȻ׷׹ڵأϵĺĿǧ𰲣Ŀǧ𰲣ǰԶһͯ쿴ǿ~
Ҷǧ΢΢һ㶣˳ȥǺҶǧʱֱӣϸ͸ɴʿŵǣ˲ϴǰԼһϲãٿ˸һĸмǸ⡣
״Ҷǧ۾һЦˣЦô̹ȻЦο˵˵⣬Ȼǲܵġ˹Ҷǧ䣬ܱƵᣬͷɻ˵⡣Ҷģ̌ͷһȫ˻ȥЩܵѹʱе˲١
һҶǧŸоԼͷѹһ鳬ʯͷһ㣬ޱȡ̧һԭЩķĸĹ治֪ЩǵΪԼŪ˶ٷͷϣҪǶһԼþ׵װٴ˿̵ɵġһ㣬һͶһɡ
ԼĪһʱĹ⾰Ҷǧһڰյĺн˻ʳšʱѾ쵽ʱڶ·еϲ¶ǸʱǰΪʱǰ̫𽥸ԢΪеĺҲԽԽá
ţǰһֱֱŵıǻʳǴ̺һ·ֱֱڲʵһڴ󳼵Ĵӵ£Цվ̨֮ϵĴſڡԶԶرͣæǰƿɴʣҶǧȹڻ˳
˵ҲʵֻһҪѺôľṭӽҶǧһµرһײĶ֮˾վںֻܿҶǧһĨıӰȴδһ÷ݡֻӰҲܿóյضǴŹ⻪


һһʮ 2

ҶǧӭĵĲ£һ̨ȥͷγޱȿɰͦءΪҶǧУκ²ѣҪҪŬáҲҪЩ˿Ҷǧ䲢ĸ
ڴվڻʵ۵ͬšҶǧ仺س˵ǰȹڳŻʵ˫ϥȥ˫ֵڶǰв˵ŮҶǧ䣬Ըʥʥ˵űһǴϻʵ΢Цǰһ˫ַҶǧ䡣һɲǣ˽Ϊһīڡ
ֻ΢Ц˫ֹĵǰڴɫȹ⴩ɫϵس滹øɫ˿߾žͼڡں˳ֱ㷢һɢţһͷ߸ߵ˸٣߶ŽղҡĶͷϻ˸ˮĨҲͬɫΡ
Ҷǧ䱾˵ʲôɫŮҲһλŮӡڼֵֻǣüԶ죬ǲӡӣңʤһ
ŮƼĽ˵ȱЦٻˣȱһЦŮӣҲȱӢ˵ŮкܡǽռҶǧȴһصУָΨСޡˡ
˴ľģҶǧҲ˵ףЩǻ׵ϻʵ۵ȴ͸Ҷǧ䣬˸Զ
ǿ﷦ζĲʽʽڴھСһѵķڣűлʵΪҶǧһĿĸֵ⡣Ҷǧų°ڣǰȥ˹֮ӹǱ⡣ĸҽҶǧʮ꣬ʽΪĿլۡһƽƥǧɡʮ꣬ճģա
Ҷǧֳ⣬ת΢ЦĿԶݵˣȥкšףĿǧ𰲡
ʽ˱Ǹһˣ߳ʱ̫ѾбɽߡȻȵٹһʱңҹĻٻҪμӡڼһʼ԰ȥ
Ҷǧʵ˵Ĵӵ£ƺƵ԰ȥһ·ϾЩǣ߶߶ЩķϻϻʵۻعͷҶǧ俪ڵǧ䣬Ҳѵ˻֪ͣأ
ʵҶǧһڴҲסƺҲʾʮֺ档ǻδҶǧشֻϻʵī녿ڵʹҲв˲ţֻܿڱáҶǧһʱһ⣬Ȼ޺簡
ЩȴЩϲɫܽ˽ԼŮƾԸҲעˮǴߡһ˶ϸͷСžţԼĪ˰ʱڵ԰
ⲻΪʼһ԰ֵģɫʻ涷ޣһ԰мһ¥ǰվԶԶرܿŮ̫ͷææŮ̫һǰ׷׹ڵأʵۻ˻ʾ
߽¥ֻһǽĵط滹ͦġ߰Σĵطˡ¥ǱʱϢĵططϻʵСӵĲ뿪һЩ˻԰ͻ̸ЦҶǧ˵һģȥ˶¥
Ҷǧѡ˽ӣƿܿ԰սҶǧȲ˵ϣʹĲ̾һæǰΪ˼
־УʵİĦҶǧʱ⡣ʱſںȻŵūǰˡ˵ձλֱһЩ˽


һһʮ 3

λֺҶǧʱеһͷа˸ε˵֡ǿɷȵȻᣬСһ𣿡
ǰһϹϾĻصȻǿԣūǾһԺűˡ
ҶǧҲûٴΪԼȥǳصĹתȥϣһҲŽˣֻĵãķǰ۾ֻῪڵдʹܻЯһͬǰԽԽСһԾĹ۲Ҷǧɫ
Ҷǧֻ΢΢һű۾δŰ㡰šһ״Ҳ˵ʲôֻȹ˳ȥ
Ҷǧ䷭˸۾εЦЦԺвɵһһ˵Ļǰһмҵˣǿν˼֮ӣǼǧҲû˾֣Ҳġ
ԵɵɵԼĪʱǱ㽫Ҷǧ份εķ̵ҲǺֻܷڰɫµ棬˼ɫϵɳҶǧʣԵм֮С
¥ѾһУֻ˾λˡҶǧҲǸǣҲ̫ȥλǴԼҶǧ˴ǰƿɴһǡ
һЩʶģֻǲǴŶӱŮһĻ֦չģЩǻԿؽгϷݡһĨɫӰҰУҶǧ뻹ˣῪڽ͵ҽʶİɣᶼǶƷϵĹԱܲμӣҽҲеſԲŻ
Ҷǧһ˵ͷʾˣҲһĨԵЦǱ׵İɡʱԨгһλֻ꣬ԨļһزãҶǧ䲻Ŀڵλǣ
æӵλǷ˵ĸ磬ɷպƣͬһֱЩ
ŶҶǧһīйصʱԵȤ֧°޾ɵĿŲߵǣβҶǧһһ˵ݣֱϻʵīڻʺ̵ѾǰԼҲû˻ʵ˼ҵŵɣֻ¥ȥ
Ҷǧ¥ʱʵ۵˶ѾҶǧⲻ˵һЩ׵Ļֱʵۿ˵ڰ䶼ɡ˲Ż
ҶǧλڻʵĵڶӣڹŮָ£Ҷǧ󷽵˹ȥºŷԼԵˣ˲Ǳī껵ĲꡣֻĳԼ΢ЦţЦ޺ҶǧȺֻԴǸĿڵãϴڶˣ
ҶǧҲǸ̬ˣҲ֮һЦûе£ôء
Ҷǧ˻ش𣬷ųĳһûбá
ʱҶǧоǰһȵĿԼͶ̧ͷһԨԼбλãĿԴȵĿԼҶǧȴǽͷһƲЦƵõһۡԨ״ֻεЦţҡҡͷ
ʱ̫Ȼʹ~˵գһöſڵɴһʱһλɰ鶯Ĺ󻹸һ׳ֻǹһͷС裬ɫ̣϶ϸСһһö֮һʱԵʦƺʧɫ
ǹĲӣǰֵ̧ؿǰĻʵ۾ϹϹݼʵۣԸʵ򸣡ҲͬһʵīЦŻصӭϹٹʵ˵꣬Ϲδ˰ţͷһ㾶ֱ߹ȥԨԵϡ
׳һæڵֱʣʵĪҪ֡
īȻֽƽ֮ˣ˰ֵ޷
ʱſڵֺ̫ɹ̫ʹ~һ䣬ֻſڵһ󳼵Ĺһ۵ľ״
һҲҶǧĿ˹ֻɹʹŻ˽ȿʱҶǧʱһ㶣Ī룡ôֻһɫ滹ýŲ֪ͼڣС
ȲǰȻҲͬǰһݼ˻ʵī녡ɹʵ൱ȻǲҵŮæǰ䣬ָ˻ʵֱߵĵһϡ
󣬱һЦݵĿҶǧ䣬һŵӺЦݸˡ
ȻʱδȴĪԼлͷ̫ٴθ̫ӵ¼ݵ
̫ӶʱҶǧ䲻ɵĴӡȻе˶ʱһ㣬ϻʵī녶վֵգҶǧ䲻ɵҲеԾ̧ͷһŷ֣ʾ˵ī껣ȴݳǰ
ʱͷɫѾȫˣȻī껾һɫٷȴɷ·ǴӺڰ߳һ㣬ҫ۶Ŀԡ


һһʮ һ

յȻͬ죬ǰ󲻳ӵʱ̣жĿܿɹľɫգҪ˵а֮и˵ͬһһ㴼ˣôī껵֮бͬƢϪɽ֮Ŀ֮崺硣
īȲǰ֮ϵī녱ȭҾݼĸ󡣡
ãããȻīҲֻ֮ͬãصԼĶ㣬Ȼ̼֮顣һԵͬһ𾪣˫ȴ˶һ˿־뵣ǡ
ʹúīתҶǧԱߵλȥҶǧߵķǼѣκ±ЦûԸģֻǿѹȣǸϷˣ˿̵ٿЩŤˡīԼԱߣʱֱӣһŮӵ֮ȫԼϣ̶ī껣ԶŲĿһ㡣
ҶǧȻǿģΪЩֻ̼ƲĿ⣬һȦŮһĿͶȸһı룬ȴһֱһĨǳЦĿӡʱʱüҶǧ䣬ҶǧʱĲڣֻýĿתϵɽ亣ζ
Ҷǧŵڣ˳˸ģóǸҺʵ֮ˡڵıǿīϣ˶ī뱱뾪˵ʱֻĿŻʺ̡
˶󣬻ʵīſڵ޽ո⿪ģĪҪְɡ˵գڴ󳼱׷Ʊʥϣףմãף·⿤һ¶ǣһӯ߻볡Ϊˣ˾ַʦҲö˵
ｻ졣нĴҲſӣٱྴ̸ЦҶǧȤʳ֪ζĳǰʳ˵յҶǧ·ĿǴ֪Ӧðͽ˭
ϯⲻһЩףؿţǰҶǧ侴ʱ˳ĸī껾ƵˡҶǧȴЩ߲ܵζ˭ƶͷֱһȻֻվԼλϣƱҶǧЦ˵ɹͶĿ¼жţһȻ̾һ֮С˱㾴һԸ͹⡣
˻һϯ䶼˾СࡣҶǧƱѹ΢վ΢ЦŻصˣСŮӲԶҽʥʶŴһƺţݺô˵͹أⱭȻ֮˵ձƱһƱոߣͱһֻ޳׾ָ
Ҷǧ΢΢һֻ˽һŵꡣ˳ֻ޳ֿȥֻīۺǸԼ΢΢ףƺʾԼġϸСĶȻǶ㲻ϬĿ⣬ֻЦһڵô̫ӿʲôף
ī΢΢һЦصȻףҶǧǸʵŮҲǱá˺ôҲһŮӣô̫ľءôҲǵ¾ľƣҲϣԾбˣȸΪ˵գӹҶǧе񱭣ͷһ
״ĻʳǣôøϻʵһӣҲûΪֻǺɳӰ֪̫ӻһλϧ֮˰Ȼˣǡˡ˵ձҲһںȾ˱оơ
˵ˣϡһЩŮӴӱǻзĲ֮ʱҶǧŵϹգˮĴ۾Ŀ˿ī뱱룬̶ֻعͷԱߵ׳˵ľλ̫Ӹϲİܹһöð
Ϲ˻һʱǵΧһЦȴһ޴ӣҶǧһʱҲЦˡ˵ʵҶǧλԵĹﵹӳáԱŷȴһĲһīߴ˴աո΢ĿҲЦлࡣ
Цգϻʵī녻վӣ˿ڣ޽ǿİЩˣǽɽв˳ҲˣͲЩһˡ˵ձȥҲûȥֻϻʵһˡ
ȻʵߺһЩһЩסԹŮ뻨ſʼѰĿꡣĻ£ҶǧԽסˡֻͬĹŮ岻Ϊɣȥˡ
Ԩһֱ뷶պƺƾƣҶǧȥ׷ȥκȴһЩǰ۵ŮӸסȥ·ʳǵ˶֪ԨʮȴԾһҶûУܽ£ǻԼһ󣬱ЩͷĲҪõĶࡣ
ȻǲŹģԱ˳


һٶʮ ĺ

ҶǧܹŮ̫࣬һƹһ̨ͤϡ˴ƫƧĻ˸վԶԶػܿǼ¥ĵҹʵģ䲻ȼϵĻ㣬ҶǧˮеӳԶԶƮ˿֮˾ܵġֻ˿̵飬ȴһ泩
С䣬ҺҰһϷŰ˴˿̾Ļ档
Ҷǧ΢΢һûͷҲ֪ߺˣҶǧûлͷɿˮ£ĿڵСŮӵ֪̫ӵΪҡ
ȻǸоõҶǧԵԶ֮⣬ҲգǰһҶǧԱߣյҶǧǰһ˵˵С䣬ѵ㶼Դϴһҿʱ޿̲ѽ
ЩüݺԼ飬Ҷǧ䱾Щ죬ټϱո˵ЩϷŰĻʱһ͵תͷû˵ҲĪ룬ʲô룡𣬲ҪٽʲôСˣҺ㲻죡˵ձȻתȥκȹβһ߱ȹӸڵء
ñۼֿһӽҶǧ䱧˸ͻı仳ҶǧԽ÷꣬üͣŤӣҪĻֲҸǽӭ˳ǻ춼˵ˣֻСĪ룡ſң
Ȼȴûзſ򣬷ЩҶǧ䱻ǶڻȫˣߵС䣬˰įдЩЩá
Ҷǧ΢΢һǰЩʱ⣬һȻʱⲻãҲеһλѣټҲԼѵʱԼˡԼ˶ҲȷʵЩˡ뵽⣬ҶǧȻǷš
īΪ̫ӣϳ˴󳼻йʹʵߺȻǲ볡ġҶǧ뱱ȺȥȻǿġǵãȴɲǻϻҶǧ飬ī껻£Ҳ˲٣ֻĪҪʲô²źáⱱҲûлīԽԽòԣֻóѰҡ
ϰ֮˵ĸоȻҪһĸЩī껿첽Ҷǧڵ̨ͤ㿴Ҷǧ䱳뱧ŵĳȻǿ̧ͷ
ī껶ʱɫһ䣬ǰſ


һٶʮһ Ҫ

īԴŭڱҶǧȻһ𣬵ƿ˱롣α뵹Ƿſӭ¹⣬Ҷǧؿ۽ǻһ˿ˡȴһЦݵĿⷴʹҶǧԽˡ
Ҷǧһתֻīվ岽֮Զĵطɫ̫˿ɫΣϴ֮ҲԸоõ˿̵ڷŭرԵ~Ҷǧ뿪ڽЩʲôһȴֲ֪Ӻ˵
ǰһҶǧ䵲Լī껳ƵĿڵ¿֪ǴŵǵԼ
Ҷǧɫһ䣬˳½󣬡Ī룬˵ʲô
ǧ䣬īг˲졣
ǵһīʽԼ˵ҶǧվڱԵЩԥˣЦԽԽˣתһסҶǧ֣Ҷǧ䱻ͻľٶһīԽԽصƣתͷҪ֣κʼհѲˣɵѿڵĪ룡㵽Ҫ
عͷҶǧһЦ̶ֿī껣ᶨĿڵī껣ұԵȫ˵˵Ҫ𣿾ͳһ㣬ΪС仹ǻ𣿡
˻һҶǧһȻ̧ͷһ𾪵롣ֻһᣬ˵ңƾݹϵΪµܿܿһ𣿡
ҶǧԽеɻˣⱱ˵ʲô˼ɻδҶǧ䷴Ӧī껺Ȼŭ˵ˣſδ䣬ī껺ƾ磬Ϯ
СģҶǧƺʶ㣬תס˱ǰī뱱һīһͻȻڱļŭ¼ʮɹǰʱѾƲˣֻܵͺһŬƷһƫǿջ߳ɹ
ǴһʹҶǧվǰīһƣֻɹǶҶǧС˵Ҳǵ˽ϹǵһơҶǧǰһˣǿűһͬȥ˳֮У߸ߵˮ
ȻīҲԼ߳ɹɣʱһһѪ˳ȴɹ˲ԼһȥҶǧ䡣޴ˮԶѲߵǸϵʱպÿˮī껡
æǰסǾδʱڵء̫ӵ£ǣ
īʹؿڣָųˮѵĿڡ죡ˮˣһ£Ƿ׷ˮѰҡʱ¥İߺȻ˶һǱ뱧Ҷǧ˰īһУ˽ȭͷ뿪ˡ
뱧ҶǧӳгȻǾˡſڵȺҶǧʱǰĴҲ˲١һεҲֻܲòɢˡ


һٶʮ տ

ᱧҶǧԽˣֱ˶¥˶ڿīϵİ뿪ˣΨԨ˼ҽҲΪ֡¥ҲǷˣĽһ䷿ײ
ʱҶǧüҧ´ƺǿʲô鲢ûкõȥһĵϳֳԶ׼ĵۡŽվСĿڵ£ūΪ·ɡ
屾䣬˶ʪģҶǧԽˡҲоҶǧ΢΢ĲĻæҶǧ·ɣĽŵϣһһĪչ
īԨվûߵ˼īǰһڵ£ͽ˱ãҲﾡʪȥԱ߻ɾ·ɡ
ɽضҶǧ䣬Ŀ⸴Ӳ֪ЩʲôڿȰҲԵЩ޶ԣ˰Ҳ˵ֻһת˳ȥһߣīϿۻԵҶǧ䣬۹һԨ˵տšҲ˳ȥ
ԨüæǰΪҶǧ˰ɫһ䣬һסҶǧҼ硣ԨĶյҶǧ𣬷ϸ΢ĵͷҲðϸ״Ԩɫˣ˵콫·ˣ
Ԩ˷Ըʱ¶ɫһصӣֻǰҶǧ£ֻһĨɫĶǶὫҶǧԼϣϵҼ絹һæҽ
ԨعͷһȻԼϡҼǴײԨ̧֣šĴָ˵мλʱҶǧһ˶Ԩɫһﵱǹˡ˲תѵҶǧ䣬Ԩ´ᣵҶǧҼϡ
ֻſ˯ҪСĸ첲ȻȥҩԨ˵ձ㼲ȥ
ʱҶǧҲѹ۾ͷԼĻУԼԼ֫Ʊѹһۣ΢΢һʱǣŸʹˡҶǧֻ÷ỳУڵᣬǻڻʳ𣿡
ˣʱһĽҶǧſ˴ϡ̶˵ﻹ԰ʲôԸ
Ҷǧ˿ſڴϣСɷƺҪٴιȥˡֻǼѵĿڵ̫ӵأ
̫ӵ£˵µûɹ̫ӱģ˿ܾ߰ɡ
ϵʹһһϮҶǧÿһ񾭣һ־缸ҪԼ˭˭ƺһԵ΢Ҷǧ۾һΰ𶼻ʳǣȻǸʣĵؽ簡Ը򵥵ϲһˣΪʲôȻ˸أ˰ˡ¹ȥһǻҵ򣬺úҵҩȥɡ


һٶʮ  

ʱյķź򿪣׹ӿһˡỹΪҽ߽󣬶ʱһæڵءū澼ʥϡ
īһݵĿ첽ǰŹةȵԪϡһʱǰϻʵ۴ȥͬЩ鷿鳯д¡֪׼Ҫɢȥʱǰ㱨Ҷǧɹ̫ˮ֮¡ī녵İЯڴ԰¥
ϻʵīԽڵϵᣬĿ⼱еĿҶǧ䣬ʱҶǧ˫۽գɫ԰׵ſϡ˵ĿⱻҶǧҼ紦ͻأıīǰϸĿšȻΪ˲Űģ˭޵ŮˣīȻЩŭ
ڵϣŻصū澡ū澲֪
īϵɨҶǧ¶磬ʱһ𾪾þòܻվں󷽵Ĺة෢ֵĻʵ۵ĲԾ㻽һʥϣδܻ񣬱΢΢˳ī녵ĿȥֻҶǧ¶һĨԼ׼ĺɫͼڣةԽ֣һμһةʱ໨ͼڣʥŮ
һһڳĶЩˣ֮ǰЩʷЩ˽⣬ة˵ĸ֣֮ǰЩ䣬īüվһӵŻԲѵҶǧ䣬ˣ޿ҽඣ
СӸӦ첽˳ȥߵſڣ˱ҩǰԨֻԨһģҩֱ壬ȿǰվŵʥʱͣ˽ŲȻʱī녱κ˶ҶǧĿЩȽڣԨǰҽΡҲڹة˵Ȱ˵£뿪ˡ
Ҷǧʱ粿ľʹȻѾ࣬޷ΪҽߵȻҲⶨ˵˹ͷŴҽѧˮƽ󣬶˽ǵƣҲֻÿҲҶǧһתͷǣ˴ɵĵһ
һϸ΢ĶȻ˷۹·ĹŮǣæǰʵˡҶǧ䶨һƣֻܵİ辫ףŮ̫Ƕкö࣬Ȼ԰ĸ¥ԼĿҶǧʿʵİ
ؿĻ԰ص̶ֿΧˣ˲עеǰסĵط
ô˵ҶǧԽò⣬ǵԼʧȥʶǰ԰Ǽ¥ϣôһ۾͵ˡ
Ҷǧ˼ʱǰһĨϤӰֻ˵ˣĿȻͬ죬һܸôĶ
˵ǶԨϤҶǧ䲻֪ЦǸȴֻ΢΢һЦڵǣҲ˭
ʶһЦ֮ǰһ˿Ҳ⶷ɢԨǰһЦģˣ˼˵ЦȫҲҲŮˡ


һٶʮ  

ʥϼݵ~̫ĸߺ˶˵̸һϻʵī녱˽һƵڿҶǧŵӺһĿԶ˹
Ԩ˸Ҫ¹ݼֻī녰˰ʾԽǾֱǰҶǧ䱾ųµôʸҲԣǸһǣĶۡϻʵīȻǿͼæǰҶǧ䰲
ֻҶǧ۹΢ӣܿˡ
ϻʵ۵һλȰĸף΢ġҶǧ΢΢һůͷصʥϵˣʵûʲôµġ
˵һλ̫˽ڵءʥϣͷɹ̫
Ī룿ʲô~һˣҶǧ䲻ɵҹ飬ͷһԽ÷
Ȼīһɫһһӣ
ǹڵϵС̫ɫȻЩΪȴֲΥʥϵֻӦһȥˡճȥûһᣬֻͷ𣬡££㲻ܽȥ£ԽԽֱٴοС̫࣬ԼеӰ
Ҷǧһ룬æȥԸС̫زסתڵأϻʵ۹׵ʥϣūŸʵǡ
ˣȥɡϻʵƽƽС̫˰֣С̫Ӧһæȥī녾Ӹű룬ڵ룬ɹ̫ӵķϣһô󹬵Ľͻᡣ
ҲһϷŰӣѵһıȭлʥ塣ǰʥԼΪ֮ġ
īûٿڣ˶ټҹ̫ӾƺԼѣ֪Ϊ֮䷢ʲô飬ͳ˹һСıƷˡԴˣѹʥϽ
Ŷǧ䣬𣿡īһʵ
ͻȻҶǧ͵ػعͷֻµı밵Լգ۾ҶǧһձܿĿ⣬Ƕܲʵʵ˵ֻϻʵۻصʵǹǧԼã˵£ʥĪҪΪã
ҶǧһһͣԨ΢΢һΧĹŮҲԸһ˿ζԶЦݡȻʱ˵ǰһԵɡ
ŶǺԵɣīʵ
ڿǰͶĽǰҲź׵ĿġʥϷģɹίʥϳȫĿᶨ˵
Ȳ˵ڳжô죬Ҷǧ䶼һ𾪣ΪҹֻһЦˣ֪Ī뾹ȻʥҪͻ顣Ҷǧ˲ʹ뿪ڽʲôȻϻʵī녿˿һϿҵı룬Ƕȥɡ
īһ£ȻҾۺĿҶǧ䣬ʥؿһ£иˡ˵ձһͬ˳ȥ
ߺҶǧڵʥϣǧڻˣ¿ɲԡ
~īһ̾ҶǧĻⱱ뵹ҲǸ˲ţܼ޸ҲǼ¡ֻǣ޵Ůôأ
ϻʵ۵һҶǧɽӦǱ룬ôԼĺݲݵˡô˵ּ˰ůӿͷ˵ԼŮ˵ԼԼ׹Դ˵ʵڵģ⻹ʵҶǧССĸжһѡ


һٶʮ  

īΪҶǧ££ӣüȾһĨƣ˶ٿڵĸȥ
ϻʵҶǧһʱЩ֣Ҳ˵Ĳԡī녴ȸĸоʱҶǧ仺˿ڡʥϵĻҵĸԼҲûмҵĸҲһǰ뿪ˡҶǧ΢΢һʹЦһ˵һҲɱˡ
ī۹ⳤ̾һҶǧ㵽ûԭ𣿡̶ֻһȦƺڻʲô
ҶǧͷıӰӿͷǰλ΢յߣｭɽӵߣһΪ˹Ϊ˰ա˵ĺ꣬ȴ䵽ⲽأ겻ѣֲù˳˵ɽŰ
į㲵ıӰҶǧ佥һĸҶۣ֮ȻҶţһñϻʵ˵ҪҸĶ࣬û˵ĹĶǣûһѵķȽڣȻī˵ȥӹǳŲٹ⾰ˡ
뵽⣬Ҷǧһõĸ첲µŴ߿ʵʥϣ֪Ҷ𣿡
ī΢΢һͷ˼ʲô̶תζԶĿҶǧһۡ˰Σֻϻʵۻǧ䣬Ǹĺӡһ޸еǳο뵱꣬ĸҲͬһ㣬¹ʣԲšī녽ס
ҶǧһԽΣѿڵʥϣĸҲʳǵˣ
īߵһԵ̫ʦǰ̾һҶǧصĸ׵ӣһŮˣҲԲˡ
ϻʵ۵ĻҶǧˡѵ˵ϵҶۣǹϻʵ۵ŮˣԲŶ˹صȥǸ߽С򣿣ϻʵȫһٸɱҰɡҶǧʱе󶼷ˣ˿ϰ¸ֲζ
ȻīȴһοҶǧ䣬۹΢ڵ֮㣬ǧ䣬Ů
˻һҶǧ׺䶥þòܻ񡣾ī˵ЩʲôҲûȥԺһһĻһ䣬޵ŮԭҶ۷ƴҪػŵܰ˵ҲעǶƴػŵܣջԼһһεĽӽ֡һЩԽ͵⣬ƺҲĸˮ档


һٶʮ 뿪

ī߶߶õĳ£Ҷǧȴһֱڻ״̬ϻʵ۵Ļ඼ҶˣҶǧҪ˵ʥϣСŮظоЩӡ
īȻӦˣǰֻعͷҶǧ˵޿ɹ̫ӱȷǸ˲ţܼ޸ҲʧΪһ׮¡˵ҲûҶǧڻʲô˳ȥ
ϻʵߺ˽ֻҶǧŬҪæǰšҶǧİ£˵أ˸ԼĪһʱ䡣
Ҷǧɫ԰ףͷ϶ϸСĺ顣˻ڵᣬǻظ
΢΢һ㶣ҶǧʹЩԥһᶨģֻӦãű⺰ΪΣ
ΪҶǧ˼ףȥֱߵԺſڣҶǧŷôԨӰǿʵᣬԨأ
Ŷҽձȥ̫ӵˡһ߷ҶǧϽӣһ߻ص
һйī껵飬Ҷǧʱø벻졣ӻǰУҶǧ俿ų㶵ķŴŽӵ΢ζұ˺ѰʹʹֱĵסȻҶǧľȻĿų赣˫޹ľɡ
ֱСǰͣ£˾ͬţҹӵʳﴫϢʱһľϰ¾þòֱܰڿҶǧĽʱæǰ
ͣȺҶǧĸ첲һԵ˾һʱɫһӭȥᣬôˣҹ˵ֻˮ𣿡
ǰ⵽զţҲͬЩ⡣
ᱻʼ¶ɫһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôźãµİ˵һĻҶǧüͷ˿ڣ밡ܲҶ徻Щ˵ձţֱС
˾ţԭأԶͷ˵벻⡣ŽȥֻҲ˳ţæӭȥզҲأ
᳤̾һԼ֪飬ͬ渵
Ҷǧսӣ㽫Ҳ˳ȥԼ򻺻ߵ䣬ƿд΢ϰϰϵĺɻвٶѾ˻磬ЩЩ㣬Ҷǧһź¡һЩĵ׵飬ӿ


һٶʮ ʥŮ

˵¶һУӦܹ¶Ҷǧ̾һ̧ĨȥᡣҲ仰ŲɣڲףһгʱжôĿ¡
հ죬ϻʵ۶߶ãҶǧŽһЩͷ齥Щ飬ԽԽ̡ʵԼһĨĹ»꣬˭ĸƺԵòôҪؼǣҶǧīôīͬĸãȻī껴һʼҪӽң֪ģȴɡ
һʼΪƵȦףΪұһӲȥ뵽ҶǧһʹʹЩѣֻýҧ´Լ̫ʹҶǧڴǰʱʱᡣһֱڿն״ֱ̬̫ɽֱ³
˾ǷĲ£ɫⱸЩҶǧƽϲĳʳǰһӱ㿴˶ԴҶǧ䡣ͨɨ˽ů˾еĲͺУǰϴҹĪҪóΪЩƽﰮԵĲˣˣԱ˺Ųǡ
˾ůĵĻҶǧŽǰǰæˣһ١³ۣɫڣͦΡʱ֮ǰǸɬСӣҲһλɿ湫أҶǧЦһеǶ˾չܼң˵ֻ˵˾ռ壬治֪ȫʲô
˾΢΢һתҶǧ䡣⻹ǵһζӰɣдЩƣ룬һϴĻ˾գһ֡˾˵
Ŷ~˾㰡~Ҷǧ΢΢˵ͷظһ飬ϰ֮˵־Ѿ㹻ĺˡĹ⾰ˣǵһҶǧ亰Լ֣˾ӿͷ
˾㣬Ǽ޵ʥŮ磿Ҷǧʵܵлҳһ㡣
Ҷǧ˾һ㣬һƺʲô˼ΣǰһҶǧַؿڳϿҵĿڵ֮ʥŮ֮ػ˾㣬ӧʥŮ
Ҷǧ侲Ŀ˾㣬ƽĿ⽥˰βſڵ˾㣬ʥŮ㣺ǻȥɣҲϲ⡣
˾Ȼ̧ͷҶǧ𽥱ñ˫ҧҧ˾䡰֮ʥŮ
Ҷǧ˾ϵģ֪ЦǸÿޣֽ˾ȥɣԺˣһϲ㺰ϴ󡣹գұʥϴУһͬȥҴȥ˵գ˾ЦЦ
˾ߺҶǧݲݳ˼ڲˣ˵ĶԣӲǹؼɿӰ죬ûڣҶǧҲԲȥˡലǰ˴ߡ
˼ƮԶԼոʱֻһλͨСȻһĹ⾰ҡһ˿ֳ˻ʵ۵׹ŮǴеʥŮ겻Ѱ
ҶǧŴߺЦˣЦЦᡣ


һٶʮ 㲻Ҷǧ

ʱȻ򿪣һƵҶǧЦһվĭӰ㻹Ӱ΢΢һֻ̾Ϣһּᶨƹ硣
ǧ䣬㵱ҵīü΢ʵ
Ŀī껲Ҷǧõȥֻɫ԰㲡ī껣ҶǧһһЩյߵȫ˻ȥֻƲӵ߰ɣĪҪˡѾء˵ձ̧˸ơ
īзһ˿ѹˣʣĹɵԼϣӰԼ˵Ϣֱհ죬ŽԨΪԼЩЩʱǲ˹ģ˵ӦԴϢŶԣʼշĲҶǧ䣬Ԩֻ˵û¡һȻܿҪԼҲֱԼջǿ˹С
˿̼Ҷǧ̬ʱīһзһ𣬿Ϊ˲ģīٴνʹѹȥǰȥһסҶǧ䴹֣뿪˵ЩʲôֻҶǧɫһ䣬Ҽ硰ľ
īһæſ֣Ҷǧһ̵ı飬ԼȻֱۡī΢΢һ㶼̶ƺЩʲôüͷĸˣǧ䣬ҴĶ𣿡
ǣˮʱײãҶģ̌صһۿīȴһֻĿ⸴ӵĶԼҼ磬սȭͷ˽رΰšҶǧ䱾˵ЩĵĻתһ룬Լո¶Ҫ뿪Ҫûнİ
Ҷǧһֱī껣ɫлرܰɡǵ²ԸߣұȥΪ±ЩƼȣɺãҶǧģԶ׼С
ǧĪҪˣҴˣԲ𣬶ҲáīǰһҪȴδҿжٻЩ
Ҷǧһ۹΢ī껣㹻ûҪˣҵʲôʱ򣡡һ꣬ҶǧԽԵü˶ţ˫۶ǯᡣֻȫ˵Ҽ磬ȻߣЦѵ֪ãǲнġ˵գһžӨ
һףĺ˵СīԭأβŻڵ㶼֪ˣһ仰⼸ƺ˺ܴһ㣬˵ī껵ɫʱְЩ
Ҷģ̌˫ǯʹ࣬ǰ֪ˡ֪жôĶģ𣿡Ҷǧ˵ˣ˶סĲţҧ´סԼ
īͬԵʹ಻ǣã㲻Ҷǧ䣬ҵҶǧ䣡һ˵գһѪ˳īؿڣ˶ԵЩվ
ľذϵѪޣĨɫϵش̼Ҷǧ񾭡ʶģõִī껵Ҹ꣬ʱʱޡ
Ҷģ̌˫еʵΪλôصˣô¡δҶǧ˵꣬ī껺չҶǧ뻳Сű㸽ĴһڣŲſɬ


һٶʮ Ǳ

Ҷǧģ޹ջЭݲС۾һĻĻظԼǰŰ˳ջ˵Ĵ֮С
īͷŻ䴽ߵᣬҶǧ䱥˫˿ĶС׷ϷšҶǧ۾飬Ŀɬڵ֮ôſԼг٣׿׿һС
Խ룬ԴȴԽҶǧͺһһסԼҼ硣īæſΪԼС˴ôˣʹҿ~г˵ǣ˫ͨ죬ƺЩδ˾㺡
Ҷǧͷˣ˳ůĻû£Ҫȥģ㡣̫ˣȥɡҶǧ䲻ڿī껣תʹԼƽЩ
һƺĶͿһ㣬ˣīֻ̾һҲգֻҪ㲻ҪԹұáǧ䣬ģʲôףһңЩϢˡ˵ĿһҶǧ䣬ʼûת
īֻ̾һתӴ˳ȥһ䵽ҶϣˮʱϸûĽţĺˮʪЬ̹࣬ǵı䴫ȫīһٿЦһعͷɵӣĿ˼Զ̤ˮȥ̤ˮиڻ£ոջصԺʱͿʼѪԨû뿪ŸæΪֹѪ
æ˴ޣǿסī껵ôһڣī껲˽һ书һ˲
Ҷǧ¶ԣΰѵĹһޡڶΪҶǧ䰾ҩҶǧҲ飬һڱɬ͵ҩ˵ҲǣǻˮǰҶǧҲԥĸΪڿıԼˡ
Ҷǧظĵڶÿ춼гд󳼵ļҾǰ꺮ůһѵĸɫҩʼûмҶǧ棬˾һһӴǡϻʵīˣҲûмҶǧ档
ʱ֣һλϡͣɹ̫ӱ롣˾һȻ֪Ŀĵģ㿪ڵҼҿδܼͣȻذɡ
΢Ц²յƺ޺ӡ޷ڸãѵøĴ֮ǽ˾֮𣿡˵꣬üһЦ˾㡣
˾΢΢һݣȻֻܾÿǰе·£롣˵ű㽫ȥ˻


һʮ ֻ뿴

ߵֵһ·ϣ˲˵򣬶ٹŮ̫Ƕפ겻ѡ˾㽫һпЩζҶǧΪ˺ƣʲô鶼ΪõˡӶŷ˶Щ˵Ḷ́ܽҲԽԽ񻰡
˾Ը˱˲ˮģҲҲûйҪֻźȺȲһԵõӡļҾǵǴ˲ٶæĽ䣬ʲô챦ҩģ鱦ӦоУЩŮǸ겻ѡ
뵽еϢ̤ͿʱѾҶǧĶ䡣ʱСſڣź翴һӪ顣˵黹ţȥоģȻֲʶһǿСС鱾һȺԼҵϴһҲܿģǺԼǿ׳ӿȥһ
Ҷǧ糿ⱾʱȷЦˡû֮ɽ١ֱ֪ڼݶʲôħ֣ͬ󲻵յĹѪ¡˼ĹŴôһҲǿġԴˣҶǧȻʮõЦˡ
ҵҶǧʱֻſڵϣķ飬ǲǵŽ÷ӡ㱨걱ϢҶǧҲûԵжྪȣеһҳʱĺ飬õ֧ʹĲ˾չܼһᴦõģʵļ˾˵˯ˡСشƫƧûָҲҲġ˵űȥڹŵһɲǣַԸŶᣬҪӲͣ߳ͷҪţͷҪС䣬űӦˡ
վ⣬εҡҡͷŻȥԸͷҪ£ת﷿ķȥ
˾һֱ㱱ڻţ˵Ļֻ࣬żеûĵ˵䡣Ȼɫȴû뿪˼˾ֻȥԸʳ⡣˾ߺ󣬱۹һУǸһ˿ԵЦվҲ˳ȥ
ҶǧصУóԼĻȥֻһɫĨȹӣֳԼұʩȥҶǧ˵ǹͷֻܿţȻʩĿֻڻѪʹԼұ۾ָж
ȻƲӣʩȻ಻㣬һЩѨλ׼ȷҲƫҶǧʩѾظ˺üΣСΪʹɷףͷҲһ㱡
ʱźһ죬ǰˡҶǧרԼϣͷҲ̧˵ᣬŵϾͺˡ˵ձԼ¡
ǹãûŵҶǧͣ¶תͷ͸мɴȥֻԼ䣬ӵӰҶǧȻһеһԼϣͻĴʹҶǧ䡰ľ
͵ƿӣ˽ĿԣһĪ룿Ҷǧüͷѿڵ
һۿľҶǧļ米ԼӰֵءű㿴ҶǧָܷܷϵһѪ顣˲̫æǰץҶǧ֣ʲôٴŵ𱸡
Ҷǧ͵شгԼ֣ҵס˵űվЩ롣
裬ƺĶ΢΢һ˶̧С䣬ֻ㡣кЩмˣǴѱȻգҼ
⻰
еǱоС˵С~ԤƵ±֣ʱҶֹ֧


һʮһ 㣬Ҫ

ʱҶǧԱģϧֻתȥ߰ɣ㲻ġ
ȻǵûУǰһһԵ·ΪҶǧϣڸոտһ˲䣬ŵľ໨ͼڣ˵æ·ϣס޵ͼԼӯļ
Ҷǧ΢΢һһ뱱ѵõǾ̾˵ĳ໨ͼڡ˵Ҳ֣һǰǴһƬɫȻԽԽһʢ޻һ㣬֮ǰĴʹҲûйԴˣҶǧҲеǲ⡣ʲôǳ໨ͼڣҶǧȻתʵ
ѵõһ࣬ΪҶǧֽ˽죬һĨϵģ㣬ӣĪڹҰ~˫ۺЦҶǧ䡣ָҶǧȵĲϣʹҶǧֲ
ȻҶǧȴһҪ֪ͼڵ飬̧һ˱֣㣬㻰أҶǧüͷ͵˵
ֻҪ㲻ͺá΢΢һЦҶǧ䰴ϣԼҲ໨ͼڴż³ÿһλʥŮڳԺϵĳλһԼǵˣ໨ʢӵеҲֳ˵⣬̧ۺһۣСѾԼǵ˰û뵽С侹ȻʥŮ~Ŀһ˿ࡣ
ҶǧһǵˣǺǣǷ̡ǰֹǣҵ겢Ҷǧ䣬ʵѪҺȷȷʵʵͬĸá
뵽⣬ҶǧüʱûڣŶô˵ֻҶǧ䣬˶ѡллΪҽ˵ɫˣȻȥɡ˵ţת˹ȥ
ҲվĿҶǧıӰϣ˵ʵڵĴ˿̵ѹС䣬Ҵֻǰ㵱ҵС䡣һΣҶˣ㣡ұҪˣ
˲ݿܣһֱı붼ԵЩ⣬⻹ǵһ˰ԵԡʱҶǧ䣬ĻȻ൱ųģعͷ˵룬㹻𣿴һʼûʹҵĸܣֻһζǿӸҪͬ˲һǸ˼룬иоˣǺ֮֮ȥ
뾲վԭأŹ⵹ǿ飬Ȼ˿ڵĿȴһԽԽѹȸС˰ΣǰһվһĨԵЦݣҪģûеòģ㣬Ҳ⡣űɹ̫ҪʲôûСңͬī껸һ𣬱~ϵЦԽԽҲоԽԽΣա
һ仰һͰ̹ǵıˮȻҶǧԼֲҶǧȻ̧˫ۺݺݵĵҪɣʵ¿ɸ


һʮ 

Ҷǧһᶨֲݿܵģ벻ŭЦǵСȻһҲգȺϢţĹͷҲˡ˵ǰһ޵ҷ΢Цǣұ£ҲûܹˡҶǧͷܿܵľٶȻҲûٽһջЦЦˡ
߲ãȻŹͷˡҶǧĺ룬˯ˡ
ڱ˵ĻҶǧʵûзϣԱĪϤ֮⣬ûСֻһ뷨Ҫ뿪ʱſմҲǼкôģҶǧ˼ڴϲһ˯ˡ
ҹ࣬ξԶ
ҶǧַԼصһϤİĵطﳵˮҹ硣һתһλһͷƤŮӳ⳵ҶǧȻһⲻԼ𣿽ţλŮ·Ļϲ߽һòƾưɵĵط
ŵһɲǣҶǧеһȥ£ԭԼҲ֪ŮȻưɵĳͣһĸԱкȻԱɫƺԵЩŤŮǰţƺҪ߽һᡣ
ҶǧԽͣźšҪҪȥ֪ԼƺһҲȥۿŮҪƿһţҶǧ͵һҪӽһˡ
Ҷǧ۾һƬһ档ƺδȫҲǽģҶǧ΢΢ӣ˶λִĴòƺܶ࣬δûҲûһĺһ㣬ټеԼһģһŮҶǧԽˡ
۾ԼһǧԸţԽˣҶǧԽű󣬿϶ʲôãҶǧٴ˯ˡһ˯ƺֱܰǰźҲûκһΡ
յԵøģͷǰݷõɽ˾ĳ鲻ƽٵţȴһصСҶǧںźɻҹǳΡ
ţŸ˹Ҷǧһԣϴ㿴Ҷǧ䱻ţӽӹ˰Ŀţһۣѵõһ࣬ʱôļ򵥡æеİֻŵһ̫
Ҷǧһæ·§Ȼ·½Ǵһ𣬡ǣҶǧԵЩš


һʮ ʬ

˵·ϣбǡѾ˿ˣ·ǸСӵġţ͵
СӣҶǧʱǰԼȥС̫СûɵʱһܾģԼҲû̫ԼˡҶǧٴνĿתǼֻۣ°ڳԵյӡټȱڵȷ֪еĲƬǺϣּ֤Сɱ֪ˡ
ô򵥣СأҶģ̌ͷʵ
˵ҲɣС԰ǰ͸ٻؼȥˡţһϧ˵
·ǴģҶǧɻ
ţһʱ侹Щ˼ͷ˵̫ӵµİ~֮ǰϴ㷢ðȥѰذزģһʱҲûͷ˵̫ӵ»԰ãǱǸ˰ʱҲǳ֡һ˵̫ӵ£ţȻһݵģ˵ҲǣīӽҲܿɹġ
һἰйī껵飬ҶǧʱͷЩµ񲢲£֮ǰ֪˵֮ԷҲȴԼһ׮Ը·ǿ˵ģ
Ŷˣðת㣬·ǴӷʬǱߵһʬϰġţص
ҶǧٴνĿתصǼ·ϣ˰ΣڵϹһȥ˷ʬڡ
Ҷǧ˵ţæȰ衰ϴϻˣð͹ȥͳˣ㻹ǡţСĻȫҶǧᶨɱ˻ȥֻεǰȥҹˡ
ʬڵشмһ޴Ļӣרչ˳ʬס
ʬʱʢʱ䡣ʱֵ̫ҲԽԽ𣬰ʬףƲձ㿪ʼáһԵʬӬŨҵĸõĽëζԶĻԣλ׳ʿ綪һ㣬ЩʬһһﶪʱʱﵹŻ͡
ҶǧʱҺ˼񣬴˿§㵹ڵסЩеĺڻңȥһԵʬЩϹŮ̫ࡣҶǧüſŻζһʱ侹Ȼ͸ĸо˵ִҽѧԺҲٵڸŵĴʦ˲Ҿ徵Ļ棬Ӿġ
ϴҪ㻹ȵһԵȵȰɣҺţͺˡ˾㱾һʼͲԸҶǧһִŵôҲȨģĳ滻ƽŮӣͳܲˣȻҶǧ俴޾Ǵü䣬ѿ˿̶Ȼǲõġ
ȻҶǧǵûȰһʬѸһڴʱһԺȻһӣֻҶǧһԵߡ˵ű㽫ƵʬѺ󷽡
ҶǧعͷֵĿӣڵ㣿


һʮ Ƥ

ˣ˺ӳīλīӹīû˱ī~˾ţƺҲ˲ԣæ˹ȻҲǼģһʱ侹Щ֣˲ǳ𣿡ţѿڵ
ӰһҶǧҾصӰһλ
ˣǰ·ɡҶǧԵЩͷ
ǣӰһӦһתʬѺȥҶǧˣŸȥ
ƵʬѺ󷽣һʬױһԣͷײţֻ£һֻЬҲ֪ȥ˺δ·ǴϰģҶǧ俪ʵ
ǣ
ڵõӰһĿ϶ʱ˾ţһͬ˹ȥ˾㸩һͷϵİײǰʱ˶ʱһ࣡զһԵţڡ
ʬ׳ƺĶ˦ŰӾͳǹˣһ곤Щ˻ָ˵ʲô˰Ҳʲôؽ磬Ҳܣ
ʱӰһӻͳһӣٵǰҶǧڲ浹ûпдʲôֻܿһɫӡؾǴ˵дĳЩ˸߹ݵӰɡ
Ȼ˿ʱʱһ߶µƾҪȥӰһӣ˰˰֣˶ʱͣæܿˡڴҶעʱҶǧƵʬ׵ǰͷ
Ҷǧ䶨һʱθ緭һ㣬ЩŻ˳˵ֻһƤǷЩʱյԵʣѿķ侹Ȼ˰ɫ档Щŷ۹滹ϵ䶯ţʵηмܡ
˾Ҷǧæײ¸ǵϣԴǵĻصϴ㻹ðɣҪȥ
ˡҶǧǿＷ⼸֣תȥŬеĶѹ˻ȥһԵӰһ״ɵֶҶǧ˼־塣Լµֵҵʬʱ̣οһŮӣ˺˵ĳ㲨ģǲò˶Ŀ࿴
Ҷǧ仺˻عͷ˾ţĵǡŵϵʬףɵüͷ˵ʵڵģݣСﶼϰɣοǡẠ̊́ʬ˶Ҫ˻ٸĿȫǡһҪͨС֪ЩʲôҲǲܵˡСѻ٣˭ܳ˱ԼеСأҪЩ˵£϶вͨġ
Ҷǧ䰵̾һԼĺɫ񣬶ΪСӸϡڴʱȻСӵеʲôϸһȻöʯָҶǧͳöָӳ£ɫʯ޶Ŀԡ


һʮ ȥ

Ǵǲ˵Եþ޿ޣ˽һ˻ƷôһС̫ϵأ˾㣬СӼĵˣҶǧɻĿʵ
˾ص񸮱дСԭǿƽصһСׯˣϡ٣ʮǰ˺ˮͶ·ʳ̫࣬ʱֻ8ꡣ֮ǰŷæġ
Ʒ¶ǳԻʳǡһԵӰһ˵
Ҷǧüͷĸˣʵף֪˻СӣǵʳѲ˸ϵȻڻʳΨһЩǾճ硣ΪʲôҪڻ޴ָ֪һ֤ݶûС
Ҷǧ̾һָǱ߷ʬλ׳ʱʱ͵ţǰʼղҿҶǧƳһˣعͷ˵˵ز˾ȥȥɡ
Ҷǧһ˻صʱɫѽƻ衣֪ո̤븮Уæӭɹ̫ˣڻء
Ҷǧһʱһɷڶ˾չܼȥ򷢰ɣȻȥˣǵýĹͷ˹~˵ţˣֱ߻С
һݣҶǧеŴȫˡŰĵ˴ߣǱʯָ˳ӭϦϸۿšҶǧڰָȦƺʲôصȼ̨ϸһȦϾȻһա֣ҶǧһϲĶٶǴʲôҪ˰Լȷһ¾ͺáֵԨУúÿҵĸ첲ˣ
˵Ҳ֣һϱ뻹ûҹҶǧ䡣ֻڸдߣҶǧ˵ֻҪɧס£ûûϵ
ڶ磬ҶǧᣬǰȥԨΪԼǵһ磬ȴһλûҽҶǧ䵱˵ԼЩηҲҽձݲݿ˸ӣ㽫˴ˡ
ߺԭ򣬡ЩʱԨһֱ̫ҽݣ˵ȥ̫Ӹûȥ
һīйأҶǧʱüͷⶼѾˣټī껻Ѫ˵£ʱԼţҲδܿȻ˵ԨһֱڶĪǳ£ҶǧԽ
󣬱ɵŰݷãͬһҲڻ뿪ҲûȥҹҶǧ䡣һ㣬е˶е֡
ҹҶǧţվϡҶǧһΣյľٶֳֻźˣֻľıԵҶģ̌ߵ￴һۣ΢΢һᣬ˵һ˶ʱˮȥ
ڽҪˮһ̣ӺһĨӰҶǧʱоһᣬһ̱ѾصϡҶǧ΢΢һЦȻĿǰĺӡȻԼǶĶˣȴһֿɬī껣꣬ΪΣ
Ӱ嵱ȥȭӰеСĪҪ˵ձ뿪
վסҶǧڵ
ӰֻתС㻹ʲôԸ
ҶǧݵĿڵȥ¡


һʮ 嶯ħ

Ӱ嵱һʱԼǱǰλŮӸˣˡһǿҪˣʲôҪҪȫﵽԴ˵ҪӰ嵹Щѡ
ǰĺӰûжҶǧҲЩˣʱ㿪вǲߣھ˰˵űҪ
Ӱ״ĸҲӣֻӦҶǧһ㣬뿪СҶǧӰıϣǣҼǵˣһһľʹҼ紫Ҷǧȴʼҧһ
Ӱֱ˱ʼղҶǧӴ̫ࡣ˿ץһ㣬ͷɵİԹţҹΪԸֵࡣ
ʱҹѾˣΧžڡֻǵĵƻţӰҶǧںҹڸ·߱ڣʱѵ˶
ڣֵҹǽʱʱĴŹǷ˹ڵ·ƣһȥֻԺĵŵġ
ī껴ʱϴһ΢Ŀ˹īüͷ۾˹ɴĨɫӰĿڵӰ壿ʱν£
Ӱ嵥ϥرȭ򣬡ְأ
ī껲Щ֣ӰＸûзһ˿һĲأôˣɻ󲻽ʱӰһĨӰܸɴīؿ˭жʱˣֻ̾һӰ˰֣ˣȥɡ
ǣӰͣæ˳ȥ
Է磬ҶǧɴĨƣӰг˵ζī껵ζζԼԣȴЩ̵ζ˸ɴþãһʱƺ
ǧ䣬ôˣīȿˡ
ҶǧعǽȴͬǦŲҲŲ졣һıռݣֻҪƽ²ŵ԰ġ񿴵ȴ֪ҪʲôԼĵǣﲻɵĿЦǳ嶯ħ
Ҷǧ˼ǧʱīƿɴ˳˵˽ֻδһȴͬһһ㡣ҶǧǰӣЦˣЦдŵͻ۽ǻǯżỨ㡣
ҶǧЦͬīһѤĿ̻һһ̣ī껺ףԼô࣬ΪʲôԭΪ˲üһЦѡЩʱī껵ĳƣһ±չˣֻ֮һЦлл㣬Һܺá㣬ʹ𣿡īۺŅ֣̀븧Ҷǧļϣʼû¡
Ѿ~ҶǧɵĳһĨЦݣʹֱ̧̧ۡ


һʮ ҲҶǧ

īҶǧɵ̬εҡҡͷĴҶǧļҲãǿˣȹɡ˵űҶǧļһԵİǰĵΪһ衣
ī껴ԼһɲǣҶǧĶʱЩʱīֻһɫ˿£ڹŴ·ûпӣֻϵһӣˮһ˲䣬Ķ׳ظӰ֡Ҷǧæתͷȥҵתӻӡ
īҲһĿڵԺĪҪʲô嶯ˣҪң˵һˡ
ҶǧһȻɻ˽ҡϧȴҵˡﲻɵַЩɬȴɹһĨǳЦ˵ҲѪҶĲŶԡôҲҽǲɷΪ㿴
ǰЩѪ˳£ЩԨҲѾƹˡûʲô󰭵ģİɡīƵĻص
Ŷ~ҶǧȻЩʧ䣬ͷβһֱűгĲˮȻҲͲ߶ˡ˵ձҪߡ
īҲһץסҶǧĸ첲ǧ䣬Ҫ±ô룬߱ãһҡīĿ䣬ҶǧıӰü΢ƺ񣬽ҶǧԶԶס
ҶǧȻһԽԼһԼԭ¶ģֿʼҡˡһԸıͬһʵһֿɬڶⲻϵرŷţָоҪҶǧ˳
˵ĵĻѽ˵ʵڵģһĺοĸ~ҶǧعͷЦ绨˵ƴȫЦĲãеĨǱī껸׽ˡ
գīֻ̾һſ˽ŵ֣תͷŴͿظ˵תƿɴȥ
Ҷǧվԭؾī껵ıӰСС˿类˭ݺݵ߬УԼԵҲɬ͡գӰŽҪϢĵط
صСʱҶǧ޴ϣںҹİ½ƽס飬ƲסġסģƲ顣ʵҲףī껶ԼҲǶ˸ġ
뵽⣬ҶǧͻЦˡΣҶҶǧ䣬һ鲢ࡣֻ͵ͺˣ¾ͺá
գġҶǧѵ˸磬ͶõĸЩùͺҶǧ侹ȻǷڸ䡣ø¶Ļ̵̻ģ⿤ôˡ
󣬱ǰݷãһһˡҶǧʯ·ԶԶرһײ֮
ҶǧĲӣֻԶһ£΢ЦʱʱĻͬߵ˶˵˵ЦЦԱߵˣϹֻŻĲŲһĵű롣
ԶԶȥǶˣһãһλ绪ĺһˡ


һʮ ʲô

һʱ䣬Ҷǧоӿһ˿ĸоվֱӣĿǡȻע⵽ˣһ˿ͷԽϹЦĿˡΪϹٹĵԵø
߽ʱϹŷҶǧĴڡʱŻĲҶǧߣ㣬˵ˡһֱǰľǲý˱ø磬ʹҹˡϹһ˫Ĵ۾Ҷǧ䣬ǵ˵
Ϲ۾ĺڰ׷ƺûһʣһ㣬ܴһõĸоҶǧĵ˶ҲŲЦлл㣬ҵ~
վһԣҶǧЦ绨ģҲһĨǳЦ
С䣬ô˵㻹ллǰ
ҶǧƳһ۱룬̫ӣô˵⼸УҵĺҵİҶǧϳĶǷ̵ζ
ƲƲ죬һ˵˵ԺǼ٣˲棬̾ò绨еȴӶֻǵʳİ~ģ
ֵӣϹסĹЦжʱЦ˵⳽ĹҲǸˣһһЦһ㶼ЩҹǰҶǧԽϲϲСˡ
ϹƺʲôԼĿڴз˰죬ó˸СӣݸҶǧ䡣
ǣҶǧͱµСӣʵ
ǳƵҩǴˣͺˡǰľ˵кܶҽĴҽСǾͲΪˡϹ˵˵ţЩ˼ҩĺã㲻ԡ
ϹϿҵӣҶǧ䲻ɵչһЦ϶ĵ˵ͷҩ϶ãЩòȻҽķӣöˡ
õҶǧϲ϶Ϲ˼ЦˣʱʱĻ͵ű롣С΢ģҶǧƺʲôϵЦݱˡ
ʱ˾첽˹֪̫빫ˣʧԶӭĪҪ֡ǰѾ˵Ĳˮȹȥõɡ˾һϯ˵üȵִ󷽡
˾˵ֱݸҶǧһĵҶǧ΢Цȴ˼ǧ˾֮ǰĹǴĸ˵ֱˣ˵ĸı䣬Ȼֵ֮ӿͷҲһλУȴôֻ࣬ΪػңǸϲǷˣһȥ֪ʲôȥ


һʮ 

ʱ˾ȻһСʱõˮǼòġҶǧôʳڻڵĵҲ᲻ʲôȤ
ϹҶǧֻĺŲ裬Լ콫ǰһӵĴɨˡҶǧ䲻ע⣬һõŵҶǧߣǧ㳢ɺóˡ·ϣҶǧϹԼĳƺ˵ʵڵģԼҲϲϳƺΪ
Ҷǧ䱻ͻľٶһǼϹһ޺ЦȴҲþֻܾЦЦһҧסǿõ⡣һõ˱Ƕڵĸо壬еҪóࡣҶǧ˵ͷ˵ȷϹĿָȾԼһ˵ЦƺеķնѾ֮󼪡
ǰ˹ϹҶǧвɵķ𼸷֮顣뵱ԼոմԽʱҲͬһ㣬ûзʲôҲΪ˱ĺܺõԵʰɣԲſ޾档
̸һᣬȥˡϹС죬űԶȥıӰǧ㣬˵ⱱøΪʲô᳤ôÿѽ~ֻһŮ黳Զ׼
Ҷǧ䡰ۡһЦ˳ϹŮģεҡҡͷϲɹ̫Ӱ~ǵҲǺƯĴأҶǧЦ
ϹʱɬĴͷǰøôܽ˲ϲ~˶٣̧ͷһϧļ˵Ǳøϲǧ㣬~
Ҷǧ΢΢һ㶣Ϊλô˵أ
ӱø翴ͿԿҿøһ㡣Ϲ˵˵űЦҲûϵ˵ϲĶҪԼȡģ˵ˣҲϲǧ㣬ճɾĻȻҲǺܿĵġ
Ϲڰ׷żᶨҶǧԽϲλҰҺޣаŮˣԼܲöðĻԼͬīҲڻĥˡ
ʲôأôģȻҲҡ˽΢Ц˵ҲҶǧƮԶ˼
Ҷǧֱӣ΢΢һᣬűصģ~
ŶǶ
㲻ǶǶҶǧͬϹشŶ˱ĿԽһ㶣漴Цһ
ϹıͬҶǧ飬춼ҶǧϹҩƹȻõĺܿ죬ұѾԶˣֻرĶǲԡ
ɹ̫ܵ飬Щʱож촫ˡţ²֮ɹϲ·ˡ鶨д󳼣Ƿ׷飬Ҫս֮¶ں֮£Ȼڱףɹʵ൱ֵʮƽ޵βкһ£ƽʢܾá
ԴˣϻʵһʱҲûб̬˼ȥܹŮˣĿǰҲֻǱˡҾĵ鷢֣Ҷǧƺ֮ͬҲЩԨԴټڴ󳼹öԷ硣
գһСһʥּϲͬˣ˿


һʮ 

ˣʵگԻĿ´ֹУͬɹ̫ͶϣʥԸʹĿɹ̫ӡմ~СӸʥּæһЦݵĽʥּݸǰŵҶǧ䣬ʥϻ˵ˣȹЩӹǺЩͽӡ
ҶǧеľȻؽӹʥּ˾㣬ĹŮ̫Ƕһ˷ܾҶǧ˵ģΪ˷ܹͷȻЦЦֽеľύҶǧ䣬ɹ̫ƸĻ飬ֻҪӡ׮±ˡ
˵⻹һţҪ֪κ׹ȥɹ̫ӵȽɹʵһλɾһ֮ĸˡǿϲɺأϲɺذЦţ˵ŹάĻ
Ҷǧһ䶼ȥĸҪʲôĸҪʲôһ֮ĸϻʵǵģûдӦ𣿣ôʮʱ䣬ͱ⡣ҶǧԽԽãŻܿˡ
ЦĸˣȻǸˣſĵģ~ڻЦнɢȥˣڴҵУǿһ׮ѵõĺԵ׵ɹνһ˫񣬼ȶϵΪѰһλò˫ȫĺ÷Ҳī¶ĵԭ
ҶǧһܻСóĶϾܡһűײᣬδᷴӦҶǧһסʵģ
һʱЩƣصʵǹݰɣڻʳŴ
õַҶǧ䣬Ⱦܣܳ˲ŷӦԼ֪ʳҶǧվڳˮĽϣֵĽУŻͷеĻ飬ɵ̾Լ̫֪ܵԼöãΣҶǧֻ·ˣһ·ֱʱ֣˹ǰ
һߵΰſڱعٱšֻȥˣһӣſڵĹٱ鿴󣬲ܽȥҶǧļ˵ˣһӶûдˣҶǧֻӲͷƤ˹ȥ
յſڻδҶǧ俪˵ſڵĹٱ㵲סҶǧȥ·Ŀڵ֤ͨ
ҶǧֻüһЦݣĿڵλ磬ҲҪȥֻͷͨһɹ̫ӣ˵ǡ
ȥȥȥҲԼʲôݣҪɹ̫ӣߣϽһȥδҶǧ˵꣬ǹٱ㲻ͷĴĻ


һʮһ 

Ҷǧ䱻֧ʹһԣ̬ȵĹٱʱһǣǹٱתͷͬߵ䳰ȷ˵ƣⶼǽڼɹ̫ӵˡЩǲ֪ܰ
һԵĹٱ͵ǣҲԼ󣬺ô֮ǰЩǶǾĴһ
ҿ˵ɹ̫ӿǱĿģЩܡưǶˣѾλٱͷӶ˵ϵЦҲԽԽ
Ҷǧ⻰ʱеᣬͷһ֮ǰõԩ·ԭ׵˿廨ЬѾԭɫˣԼȹˡէһȷԵЩᣬһλСұ㲻ϡ˵Լǿ˴š
ǰǿ׳ǣҶǧ䲻ɵķ˳˼ȥԼҲǵģЩ嶯飬һʲôûСҲգɫҲˣԼվҲǸ£ٹɡ
ҶǧջعͷʱֻǰͬϹȺУǶȻͬȺһۣҶǧվԭأԽԽĶ˺ǰ䡣ǿűűŮ˻ݣܸеֵֹġҶǧԼġæȥվ˶ǰ
룬ǿɷ̸̸Ҷǧӭȥżɽ˵
ˣͬϹһǧ㣿Ϲ´Ҷǧ䣬ԶЩŵģ
ôˣǰ벽Եǵ˵
ͬϹߵֵһڶפۿͷҶǧ䣬ʱȫ˳Ƕ˹ҶǶ˻վԭزϵҶǧε̾һڣǿɷҸ徲ĵط˵Ự
ã~ӦһͷȥǸߵſڣֱǹٱ̬Ժֻ࣬Ҷǧ䣬ɫĿڵ£ûг֤Խİ
δȱ˵һԵϹվ˳վҶǧǰ˫ֲǹٱ˵ǿ㣬ôͲܽˣ
ҶǧʱһߣҲסˡֻǹٱһ´һҶǧ䣬ɵλĿ
ѵϴԼδ𣿡һǹٱ
ɹ̫ӶԿ˿ڣӻˡǹٱȥͷСĹ۲ʶ̩ɽ뿤
ۿſֵԽΧԽ࣬Ҷǧֻð˰֣˾䡰ˣ漴ߴű룬ȽȥΪá


һʮ 

ǹٱһһллҶǧҲûᣬߴű߽˹ݡ
һסŵǷʹĹŮ̫ǣ¥סŵʹǰǣǸλʹסĵطˡ¥ʻ״һ뻹޽һС͵̬ۣ˵Сʵ׿ֱʯˮīֻоʡ
űһ·ֱȥķ䣬ߵſڣϹ㿪ڵǧ㣬ȥҰľˡ˵űЦ߿ˡ
ͷһ˲䣬ҶǧĸܵʧУЩĺӡ
ȻȴһĽҶǧݣҶǧε̾һ˵ҲǣԼ黹ûˣĿǰΪϹʲôֻϣӲҪ̫ѹĺá
ңȥΪòһݾͷԸ
ǣӦһ˳ȥҶǧʱɵ̧ͷһۣ֪ǲݣǲ˿̵ݣʼûе
С䣬~ڴߵ̫ʦϣһЦݵҶǧ֡
ҶǧҲ飬ֱ߹ȥԱ߽еĻϡżɽ˵룬ʲô˼
СӦýӵʥּ˲Ŷ԰ɣͻ鶼ˡСˣô᲻ʲô˼أɴߵЦ⡣
ҶǧһҪһַʽͬŴȨ˵ˣ̫ӣм֮ԵǵĹϵûдﵽ̸ۼ޵ĵزɡŮڶ࣬ɫҲ˰Ҷǧþ͵˵
Ǳһʮþȵģüһأ뱾ҪȢкιϵСҲûϸɣȿ¾Ҳٰ˵ű㽫򿪣ŵҶǧǰ
ҶǧֻƳһۣ㿴дôƸ֮Ķ漴㽫Ǳƣʲôطˣڳһ飬ңҶǧ䣬û˿Ů֮飬ܼ޸㡣ϣ㽫ջأȥѰһͬõļ˹
󣬺ЦȻȴƽˮЦҶǧ亮ëֱΣֹͣЦݣתͷضҶǧ˫ǣЦС䣬ˣǱҪȢ㣬ͱҪ޸ҡңţʱ㶨ᰮϱġ
ű޿ֵĻҶǧֱŪĵĸо˵ĸоҶǧʮַСɵҲЩ룬֪ЩȨͽǮܵõġʱУʱĪǿǳԵĵѵ㲻𣿣
ҶǧԽ˵Խңһӵ£㲻ҲԸĹһӣѵҪ𣿣
վվҶǧǰһĨЦ˵ע㣿һ仰˵꣬븩յҶǧǰ˫ֻҶǧѹӷϡ
İΧһεѹҶǧϮʱЩҶǧֻýԼѹȻȴԽԽ壬˱Ź⣬һȻݴ˿̶Щ
С䣬̫˽ұˡ㣬עҵˣҶǧ˵ĴĲҶǧĶ
ڣҶǧҲֱܲѹȵĸоʼҪѱİΧл룬ѵķϣɲҪҰѻ˵ˣ
ŶС仹Ҫ˵ʲôѽ빴һĨЦ⣬Ҷǧ䡣˿ûзſ˼Ҷǧ޹ʱŭ룬㹻ˣҲϲ㣬ҲҪ޸㣬㣡
Цһ䣬г˲ڷŭС䣬Ҫˣδ䣬Ҷǧ䡣


һʮ ǰֿ

һɺʱӴ䴫ʱҶǧ侹ľͷסˡֻ𾪵ӣԴ类һ㣬һ̺ӿһЩİϤļ䡣ҶǧȻһӦһҧȥ
ȴֻ΢΢һʼûзſҶǧ䡣ҶǧſڵӣҶǧĿУǡƺ»Ҫ֣Ҷǧ䣬֮ǰҶǧҧĴ˿̶˵Ŀжһ֮
ҶǧãȻıһ֮䡣飬ҶǧȻ׵ģǲǰһǿռˡ
Ҷǧ佥Ҳǿȴһ˿ɬ΢΢һ˿ڳ˯ѾõĽҲʼˡ̾һſҶǧ䣬ڽƵķӦƺԽԽǿˣ뱳ȥǿѹĿڵĲʣ˵˾䣬߰ɡ
ɫѾ̸ǲнģټϸոӿͷЩ䣬Ĵ˿Ҳʮֻҡ̧ͷƳ۱įıӰֱ˳ȥ
ҶǧĽŲ̫죬ײӭҡҼҶǧ˻æӣһæӡ˿̵ıؿڣɫ԰׵ĴŴһæеĲˮ˹ȥ£ǣ
˫ƻֱǰҧԸȥҸŮ˹
ҵһⶼûùŮˣôˡ˵ɻ󣬿Ǹҵæ˳ȥ
ߺ󣬱ͨеĺӣЦװŵıǵʱʦĶƣȻ˿ǺӴţȴտҲЦһͣȻǺ̵һԡؿˣĿ߽ǧ䣬ΪηҪô
ҹĻ٣ǷĽȴַǷ·ߵС̯ϰŸʽĻƷŮǰȥѡҶǧȴڴϣԴججģһһķӳһЩֵĻ档
ȱ㣡
ȱ~
ȱҪȥġ
ȱ
һλͬԼǰһģһŮӣһλһ𡣶˻Ц֡򱯡ϲһĻĻչֵǰһеӣȻͬӵͬһݣֻһͷĶ̷ˡҶǧ䲻֪ΪΣȻĻӿͷҲԼΪλôܡ
еĶ˺ȻǶ£ŮӶȱİ⣬Ҷǧ侹ȻҲĸܵĵҶǧ𲽣ѵԭҵļ䣬ȱģǰֿ
Ҷǧ㶵վԭأǰĵƻʶҲûзһһԴһգٶȿľˣҶǧƴץסʲôʲôû¡ţ˫һڱʲô֪ˡ


һʮ 

ҶǧֻеΧããһƬֻǰԼҶǧվԼȻƯڰСҶǧȻһ찡һʱòֻۣóĨƮȥ
ҶǧոսӽĨʱһתϸһȻϴδǸΡͬԼǰһģһŮվһſڣ׼Ŷ롣
ҶǧƮŮ󣬽ضȼšʱģͺƱ˺ݺݵסһ㡣ŴˣŮȴԭأһŵŰӵŵĶˡҶǧƮŮǰ棬һʱԭأԺһֶ֯һһƬһƬƴ
Ůת˳ȥһλŮӵŵӣƿеˣҶǧǰ׷ȥлšҶҶҶǧԭû׷ȥΪ֪ᷢʲôΪԽԭԭʧļ侹Ȼ˻
ҶǧЦһ̧ͷŮӣȻʶȱǰŮٻֻЦһıŸ첲Ҷǧķ򣬡ߣٻòĶ˭õ˵ձߵǰһˮȫһԵͰҶǧĿˮ󣬻һЩɰɫĭ
ҶǧʱȻԭһвһıˡҶǧЦȴһûСҶǧЦЦ̱˵ϣЦ桭ΪʲôΪʲôҪָ䣬Ϊʲôڲҷһıˣʲôˣʲôزȥˡ
һĻĻӰ㷴ӳԺУȱʶӵǡĳǰҶǧʱΧȫʱ类ʧһ㣬¶ˣ
ǰһɫУҶǧʱеһɾ޴ԼϮ˿̵ȫţȫûʶɰɫнԼ˽ȥܶʱֳ˰ããһƬвϵתʱһ˺ѰʹδʶҲģˡ
ǧ䣿ǧ䣿
˭ٽңΪʹĪҪٽˣ˯Һۡ
ȴûаݣɲͣĽҶǧ䡣գҶǧڴ˼ֲиĺ£۾ӳһϤףҶǧ仺˻񣬿˵Ԩôˣ
Ԩͬ˾ˣҶǧ׷һţȿڻصϴѽˣⶼ˯ˣ


һʮ ȱ

ֲԼеԭ찡ܣԭԼѾصС˿̣ʧǷݼҲѾȫԼԭΪԽİԼǰ֪ģûһЩҶǧĲɵֿʼʹ
ԨǿҶǧüͷִΣԨ̧ͷʵؿڿ
Ҷǧ΢΢һ漴Цҡҡͷû£ǽЩʱûϢõԵʡ
ҶǧģôҲûµӣô˵ˣҲǲԸΪġԨҲ׷ȥֻΪ˸ҩæҩȥץҩˡ
ԨһݵĿԼҶǧɵĳŴӣƲţ˵ţ֪Ҷ˯ˣҲû˵ұʳʲôģҶˡ
ҶǧһҪųԵӣܻû´¡ţֻͷӦæȥΪҶǧ䱸Եȥˡ
˾ȴǸϸˣҶǧͷװʲô£ҪȻôôƣһҹ﷢£ڻǾδҶǧ伱ææܳ˸Լʱкһˡֱҹʱ֣һżԼһԵɵųһ亹Ҷǧ·յë˲֪Լĺܡôһϸͼı˺롣
˾æ˳Ѱң˴ҹһ﷢Ҷǧ䡣ʱ·ҡҡλεģ˾еɻʱҶǧҪȥ˲ϱġ˾㵱ȥҶǧĻУʡ¡˾һ㱧ص˸УȥԺʹԨ
һ˾죬ֱǿջЦģ˾һϱʱĿδɵۡҶǧԼеѹ˵ȴԼۡ
һţСˡҶǧһ˹ѵķˣʱüͷҲ̫˰ɣҺôûˣôˮûаһ˵ţһӳԵı˭㡣
Ԩεҡҡͷ㻹λҽߣûʳˣֻܿšҪ˵Ҳˣ˵űϵˡ
ҶǧһѰס˵ӣл࣬˵ٯҪҪ˵űæͷ
˵һ㶼ŮνԨˣεҶǧ䡣ǰҶǧ㲻ͬûа취
Ҷǧʱ˯ܳԡ̶̰µ˶ԲһȦ֮ǰݵģƯࡣ
ЩҲûֻϹʱʱϺϹȻҲЩֵֹġ˵û£Ǻڰ׷Ĵ۾ϾôǸصסµأҶǧҲ׷ʣ˵Ȼ˵ġ
˶һЩеĻⶼǱ̸ֻܶҪϹҶǧ䶼ΪˣҶǧֻǿԼϵȥʲôԼԼȱǣ


һʮ 

ʱһΣҶǧѾȥ˽һµĹʹ½ظˡҶǧһ̬˸磬Ϊ˷صĹҪʥļư
ۼʩ졣еҶǧ˿̿ȸ߹ֱ£κУ׼ͷϴһֻȴҶǧֻһֻ۵ľݸᣬʹŸɣľͱˡ
Ľӹֻľֽԭӵķɢ˿ֻͷ򵥵һ٣֧ľмµĸо档ʵҶǧ䱾ϲЩ鱦ΣΨֻľһֱšڿȴЩݰ֮飬ԵܹҪԵġʰһУҶǧ䰴˰еĶȥ˻ʳǡ
˵յĻʳǵԵøྲЩ֪ǲǰЩʱֵ̫ԵʣڸʹȥټĻʳǾȻЩ֮С
ҶǧĲ쵽ʳʱšϻʵѾδϳˣ֮£һֱ̫ͬšҶǧһǴҽκϻʵʱѾǰ˶ˡ˵ԼϻʵȫûиŮ֮飬ϻʵ۶ĸ鵹ģôԼҲǵŮӦóǡ
µī̵šŮˣҶǧ˵ʲôоŮӣȴһλͷ׷ߣôô֡
īһҶǧǰʱ۹һ΢ЦĻҶǧ
Ҷǧ󷽵˽ȥŮҶǧ䣬ʥϡʺ󡣡
ǧ䣬ɡīһ
Ҷǧһŵһ̿ʼ̵û뿪˿̼ϻʵ۶˿ĶԴҲЦݵ˵Щûǧ䣬զһѽǧƯˣ˵ǲѽ~ʥϡ
̴ʲĻҶǧֻǻ֮һЦʺˣŮɫܼյġ
ȻŮ˶ϲģҶǧôһ˵еɫʱ˲٣һ߻װԹ˵ˣͬЩСء
ī논м䣬ǺڵӣЦЦ̧ͷΧĹŮ̫ǰ˰֣Ƕȥɡ
ߺī̾һʺɼǵ
ʵ̵һɻĿڵȻǵðʥôأ
һԵҶǧī˵еĻ⣬ʱǱװƵᣬ͵͵Ĵֻ̡ת鶼ԵЩӲҶǧа֮ˡ
ī녿һߵҶǧ䣬ֻعͷпǧ˵̶֪ǧĺӰ
̶ʱ۾ŵҶǧ䣬βſڵǧ䣬ѵǣͬҶҽĺӣ
īüͷһ壬̶Ϊ󣬾Ϊ֪Ƿǡ˵ˣ֮оͬϵãôҲЩҥأ
һ̧һҶǧ䣬г𾪡ҶǧȴʼպЦһ


һʮ ӦԼ

̱һڵΪϻʵ۲ŲˣǿĹЦݣ̶ͿˣҲʱ˶ӡǰˣ˵Ҳϲ顣ֿҶǧ䣬û뵽ĺӻţ̫ˡ˵˫ۻЩ⡣
Ҷǧ״ԽÿЦɿͿģĸߵ磬ǧҲûܼʥͬྴҲǻοġ
Ҷǧôһ˵īеԽǿˡɵ̾˿ǧ䣬ˡҲ֪β㣬ϧԵˡʱͬ껶һһԸԲɡ
ϧԵڣƺ˵ƺͬϦʲࡣҶǧ΢Цŵ˵ͷǴӦ
ǧ䣬ź׵飬㻹δǱһ𸴡޿ɹ̫Ҳһλļ㽻ҲǺܷĵģҲԿġīЦ˵
Ҷǧ䲻ɵе֮УǻԼҲˣȷˣ˵ɻԺ󣬽黹ǳءһһܵõʧȥĳǳأǶôҼ޹ȥ̫һ֮ĸ˵Ҫǻκһ˶ոĺ¡
Ҷǧ΢΢һЦóһݸī녡ʥϣŮΪ¶ģŮѾǩˡ
ī΢΢һűáһԵ̵ǳױɫһ겻ģҶǧ侲Ĺ۲̵ķӦҾҪߣҲὫһġ
ֺһҶǧȥҲ岻ʣȥˡ
﹬ڣһҵⲽڷ̵ĹŮ̫ȫʹ˳ȥҹʱ֣һµճ˽ͬһģǿīϡ
īϽæӭȥ˵ĻУ˵ôǸôѽճ״̾һת߳˹ļع
ɣ֪ĺӾȻûţڻΪ˿µǣҪΪɹ̫ˡҶǧͬ껶£ʥλע껶ˡ̧ͷһ־˵
īţ΢΢һһ˵עҪ·˰
ɫһ͵۾ŵĿڵɣѵҪ


һʮ ɫ

īϽס̵ĸ첲˫бΣյζ̶ʱˡҪȻīǸλãһоҲ첻ˡ
žֵӣɵĲɣ껶ǵĺӣ˻λҲδðֺαءαִء
ߣīһһƿ̡ȻǱĺӣ͸Ӧͬλãѵ𣡡
̱ƵˣЩڵء첲ʹѣȻζȴӲܡֻ㶵վԭأ涵ǰ˵īϡǵԼոսʱԼտµһǾΪݵ΢Ǹеһȡ
Լӹ۸ʱīվԼںҲīϵİթĺ˴˵ȵλУҲ֪ӺʱʼԼȻİԼðˡ
īϼ滨ģʶԼΪƺЩˡ̾һֻһĨ΢Ц߽̽뻳У嵽Բ̶̫ˡҪű³Ժ󣬱һѸΪ󣡡
ҹɫȴɵƻͨ
īԳ﹬صк󣬱ټһڴԼУҹ̸ʲôֱ賿ʱֲɢȥҪˡ
糯ϻʵī녾Ȼ漣СӵĲ£˴ҵҰСīһݵģȻǿġϻʵ۵ӹÿ£Ҳֲ˶ˣԴˣȻ˻ϲ˳
ʱīϺǰһֿڵܹػѰһλܽ飬ǡϧԵڣβʢһҲΪͱǵĿ
˻һ֮϶ʱ󳼵Ӧ֮Ȼīʱ˸λĻԲӣ⿤ƺδڻϸ¡һΪеͬɹһͷԵһ𣡡
ڴʱϻʵī녺ʾҽԡ޽վµģĻѾ񲿶³վ͵óˣڻ鿤Ѿ˹˵űó˾ݸСӣЦ˵͵˵Ҳ޵޾ˣ԰λ󳼣ͬϲ¡
Сӽӹᣬī˵껰֮гīɫԽԽ˽һЦݡ
ȻҶǧߣȴһĸóԳԸ˯˯һ㶼ûмΪ˸ĽȸСǳ˾㣬ÿڸŸ˵ҪҶǧ˵Ҳ֣ҶǧôͻȻӦأҲ˵Եɣֻ±һʱ嶯һҸ
УѾʥּ˿һʱĴˡϹſվ˰ʱû˿Ӧ״ϹֻöȥˡΣʥּЦǰұҪõĶôܻòأЦģʼմЩįζ


һʮ ҴӦ

ҹʱ֣Сһλ֮͡ԭҶǧ䣬Ϥе鱾䵽˵ϡ
£ôˣҶǧһϮµī껣εĿڵ
ī΢徲ĿҶǧ䣬ЩûˣԲЩҲȴǰÿˡݰף֬һһЦԼ㻳ΪԼԿס˼ģ֪֪ҶǧѾӦ׺һǧɵ顣ΪҶǧֻһʱŴӦĻԼڿȻǰˣǺѹˡ
ʹ£ī껺ȻǰһҶǧһ˻С뻳Ϥĵζһʱ䵽ƽ˲١ī껲ɵԳԼҲǿЦܹúԼӦÿĲŶ𡭡
뻳еһɲǣҶǧķ·©һģԭƽ类ʯӵĺһ㣬þòƽϢůĻī껶еζһеһмԼ١һҶǧ䲻òϣԼжôô
ǲпʵͰǰҶǧҧҧ΢΢ƿī껣Ҷǧҿ۾ֻǲͷȥʵ£ʲô𣿡
ī껿ſ˵Ļε̾һʵ㵱Ӧ˺ףԸģ
Ҷǧ䱻ʼһӻ԰ο΢ЦǰΪŮӳ綼Ҫ˵ģһƺĺôҲвأǼ£𣿡
Ҷǧǣǿ΢Цī껵ԽѹˣôԼ޸һ㲻ˣңĽɽҲǿάϵġֻҪ㲻Ը⣬û˿ǿ㣡
ô֪ҲҶǧ̵Ŀī껣Ը׵ģûǿҡ
īһʱЩҶǧģΡֻǰһĴҶǧļ˺ңҶסµ֮ڣߵġ
ī껵ĻҶǧʱе̧ī껣׵ĺڶЩҪԼȥҶǧԳĹ˹ǣµס֮ڣܸıⲻʵҵĸ硭˵Ҷǧʣ̲Ž˻ȥ
ҶǧģҪڵȫʵ飬ܾڻΪʱ硣ô˵㻹ǲҪȥΪڳҰ֮ж첢ǳƽᡣ˵գī껱㱳ȥƣתԺ
īįֹ¼ŵıӰҶǧҲЩɬ˶ٿڵģһᱣԼġУ۷ʲô£ҶվߵģϾáһ仰Ҷǧ伸ƴȫ˵˿ڡ
䣬ī껷ȻתҪ˵ٴΣǲã
īǿʶģԽҶǧ÷̣ķŭҶǧֻǹ˹ǣҲգʵʵ㲻ԸʵɫЩȥϢɡ
ǧ䣬ӦңҪԼҸҶ𣿡ī۹΢Ҷǧ䣬оĴЩζ
ͻᣬҶǧΧǽЩֻæͷȥƺǰο˵˾䣬ãҴӦ㡣


һʮ ǰ

īһɣĿҶǧȥˡߺҶǧȻ̱ϣҪ֪˶ľŬĿסԼġȾ󣬹ֽظͷ˵ī껣Լͬĸƺûжôľ춯أȴƽн
Ǹ߸ϵ֮ӣ¶ǰϣΨԼչмӡǷ飬κ˶ⲻ˵ġǵݶǰСˣҲǵһζ©˵ʲô뾹ȻЩģˡ
Ҷǧ䲻ǣâɵӣΪλԼһãһٰݣһǨ֪͡ǵϵΪλҪ޷˵ͬ׹ٲԨѵΪʥŮƵһжǰźõĶ磿֪ʱҶǧѾˮȴΡǺǣҽˣǰҵġ
մ˿Ҳ˼ףһɫص쳳Ҷǧ䣬ֻല֮ϣþò˯ī֮ǰԩ֪ˣԼԼİɱΪػԼҶ۷򸾡ڣеͷָճ磬Ȼճǻʺ̵ˣټʮǰΪ֪飬һеһжҪˮʯˡᣬԼǷȥˣ
ԭ򣬵ڶյЩм¶ˮķ㣬ƴļݲһʡ
ҶǧҲ˸磬ʰϺӵ³˸ڽ϶䣬ֱʱ֣ڲ̯ЪŵǣŷָոջǰƵĿȻһ˲ûӰǶʱը˹ʼ˵̺ʽ
ʱҶǧ䣬ѱܿԺʹĺŴӵ֪ͨԺʹæŴӭӡֻҶǧһǰʱɻȻҶǧȴصһЦתԺʹԺ
ԼĪһʱʱ䣬Ҫ˵ǾȻڿſڿҶǧ䡣˽ǲ⣬ֻҪûͺá
ʱ֣ʳڿʼ԰Сڴ󳼴Źٷ½ʼ˶ϻʵī녲̵Ĳ橵óյ̲֪ǲǴ˰ɫϵȹԵʣȻû֮ǰǰɫȻ֮С
ī녾Ҷǧһ˵˼䳡滰˵Уʽʼˡ˾ϲ赸УҶǧ͵͵˵ɫһЩ󳼹ȻԵþִٲǶŵĿīϣܿƽ죬Ե˽ģҶǧ俴˸һ
ĪҪȾˡڴʱߺȻī껹еĻ
ҶǧջӣŷԼŵһƣһīƵƷǰĲȣƺո˵˲һ㡣Ҷǧ΢΢һеľƱĻһ衣
룬󳼷׷׿ʼΪҶǧʲô鱦ΣӦоСҶǧ΢Ц󷽵ʾл⣬ϻʵλҲһ͵ĿһС


һʮһ ˮʯ

󣬻ʺҲһЦݵóһıʯӣǧ䣬кĸ͸һӣھͰת㡣
ҶǧǰӹǱʯӣлʺ~ֻζޱȣҲǼֵưɡҶǧֻǵһЦûбֵĶôϲá
ӹҶǧ䲢ûлصλϣֻǽӽᡣԼݶ΢ЦĿڵлʥΪŮð˴ᣬŮимسŮ֮׿һУҲοġ̶תڴ󳼣ŮҲǳлڴ󳼣ΪǧС
ţֻǸ˵˿׻īͤͤŮӣвЩϧ֮ߵ̣΢΢һԵЩʱʱĻ̧ͷһ·ŵĿ
īһǵҶǧ䣬˵ƺЩˣϵĵ֮Խˡ
ţҶǧִӿóһ΢ЦĿ̿ڵǰЩʱգŮ֪ʺϵã˵գ㲻©ۼƳһճ硣
һԵС̫ʮɫĽ˹ȥ͵Уʱ̶ʱ¶˻֮ɫһԵϻʵۼƣɵĿڵʺǣ
δҶǧȴȿ˿ڣָòǴܹչĶɣ
ʱڴ󳼶ʼСһԵ˾˾跻Ҳʮɫȥճ統̧ͷȵĿеİָ漴ȥ⡢ūǰЩʱճʱСĸˣЩæŵˣʥָǴܹݵֻҪڹû˲ʶ֤ǰճֻӲͷƤ
̰߬ȭͷ񽥽īü΢壬ڵʺڹһֱϽΧڣΪܹܾȻ⣡ǧȥˣǻɾϲ֮ˣǳǺð
̸æһЦݣĵĸ˸ī녵ļʥӡűճūţŸȥһ𣡡
ճ΢΢һ˽ȭͷӦūŶлʥϣл~˵ձ뿪
֪ҶǧȴȻ
окβף΢΢һЦʵ
Ҷǧݲȵī΢΢Ůֻһ²չİָΪλȥŮУ
˻һ˽һ㶣׷СšһԵĿȴ˵˾ʲôνýһʧС
Ҷǧһ仰˵꣬ճæŮԼͶԾģʥ
չô֪֪ͶԾأҶǧ׷Ŀڵ֪˳ʱұ˷Ϣ֪չͨ˵Ϣ㲻Ķ䡣˵ˣչո˵ԼǰЩӶģ֪˳һ࣬չ˵˷ѽⰡ
ճȻһ𣬵ʥͷлϵ˵ūҲµС̫˵ģūԩʥ
ԩҶǧһ˵ңΪȥŮ֪ŵСӵһƬ½󣿶ٻؼҵСȴ˷ʬڣݾٵΪչİָ
˵Խ̼״˰ճѹΣһ£ſںȻӿһҪ׽ճ磬ȴҶǧ
ʺչδ˵һھѹΣЩΪʱ𣿡Ҷǧᶨ̣˵


һʮ δ

ʱһԵĿīϻ˿ڣ»ǽ̲ΪáΪÿС»ĪҪԲ͵Ϊá
Ҷǧعͷƽˮīϣ΢΢һЦ¹سŮԿ׸òԲأ
īžƱ΢΢һ٣Ҳɫһ֮ǰӺݻ֮жʱ˼֡ī¶֮ɫʵǧ䣬⵽ǳʲô飿
ΧԽӰī껶С˵ʲôīɫһȻ̧ͷīϡҶǧֻڵչûǴĻּȥ빬ĿΪʥ֮ҩΪȴ;Щɱأ
˻һ϶ʱը˹˷׷׻ǰʱȷչּģȻȴֻҶǧߵһλŮһ˵ҶǧչҪʥϵѽ
ȻδȴҴлͻȻ˴ˣ䣬ֻŨ̴Ϯ³˶ʱ񣬻ī껴һʥϣ
ĸͻȻҲʮɺϣҶǧеܣſڵļλ󳼣ȻѾε˵ϡǰճ״ܣǸһ㱻Ӱ˸š
ƺյĺܽһڶŨš䶼ŹҶǧȻæס˿ڱǣһ˲䣬ҶǧȻһб߶ަζ
ڴʱҶǧһƺǱ˭סˣȫŨһʱ䵹ǿ˭һȻ佫ҶǧǰһʱҶǧһϤĻǧ䣬ң
īҶǧȥҶǧ䱻ţΧһƬȴƽȥī껵һǰůҶǧһʱۿЩʪˡһξԼǻ괩Ƕôĺðһȴһ˵Ҫ룬Լڸأ
԰Ĺǻʺסĳ﹬ˣҶǧ䱻ī껴ʱָֻ·׷﹬ȥͷȥ԰ƺûл⣬ֻйŨڿš
﹬ȥ·ϣһЩ󳼾Ȼߵҡҡλεģ֪ǲǺ˵Եʡһ֮ǰϣѾЩ˹ȥҶǧӿһֲ֮Уʱ̧ͷʵʥȥˣ
İɣʥϴʱӦѾ˳﹬ī껰ο˵
Ҷǧʱһһиŷ˵ɻţҶǧæԼ֡óңһʱ䵹Ҳûע⵽ǡһ·ţΧε˾ȻԽԽࡣзĲ֮ҲԽԽǿңҶǧߵһ赹ĴߣΪ˺
ʱ˾ֵӣæī껾ǰȥ
ǧ䣬ҪȥģīȻЩ⡣
ҶǧֻűܣͷҲصĻصжʥΣգ
īȻվŲҶǧһᱧڻһ﹬ȥҶǧæĲӣҪͷҲ˲ôˡ
߱ڼ䣬ֻīϷ˵жô£
˶ަ벢޴󰭡ھƾ£ަĶͷŴ˺üҶǧ򵥵˵Ϊī֪²ŲȾƵģû뵽Ļá


һʮ 治

﹬ڵŴţǾȻĽǰԺеȺ򡣵ڣʺͬϻʵīλſةࡣŮ̫æǰæΪ׼Ųˮġīȴһŭı飬ߵСʵǰڣǺνȻ޵Ƥ·Ż𣡻ǰȥ鿴
~СӦȥ
һԵȻЩĲɣʱʱ̧ͷſīϡȻīȴƵģةϾͣոһڣӹʵЩܲסīҲǸϧҳˣǰȥ̫ҽҽˡ
ڴʱī녲ŷôΨҶǧī껵ӰѰңֻӰճѹ˽ճ磬ϻʵ۶ʱһָıūţ˺ָʹ治
̼״īߣĸ첲ĸ˸ıʥĪҪӣתֳŵϹŵճȥ̲
ճͷҧҧ˫֪ͨ˿̵ижôѹǱȴװһΨΨŵŵģϵؿͷūԩūԩҲӿһ׼׽ʱȴϻʵֹˡ
޽վҪú㣬ΪҪɱīǰһ֮ɫʱ¶˳
ʼճֻǲϵؿͷл޺šūԩūԩ
ϻʵۼ״ɵüͷعͷһԵ̿ʵϽķΧ֪չʲôָʾ
檡檲֪Ȼ̶ʱЩµİҲ˵ʲô
һԵīȴɹŵЦ⣬ʱʱĵͷƷȻһģ
ϻʵۼ״ԽеᣬȻʱīȴеǰһڣ粻壬ЩǰȥҺһԵС̫æǰסˡةҲæվҽ
ǹة໰䣬ֻīϻīߡװĵʵô˰ĪˣˣǸλˣˣ
һԵĹة൱һ㶣űīϣ治Ļ˵ڣ
һصة֪࣬ĳҰΪЩֹǰ𣿾ΪЩ̲ˣɸ߸ϵԭ򣡡䣬һֵ㿲˹ةࡣ
㣡ة൱¡
ۺѹĿһУǰֹʼһճڽӰ˿̵Ҳ˲٣֮ǰһǣ˿̵߸̧ͷۺӵĿ̡
ӰʱҲļǣΪλûʱ·ԸԼճ磬Լ͵ۿüޣԼǷſճ磬͸ӿƲ˾ˣ


һʮ ıȨλ

ӰʱīЦˡֻóһõʥּϻʵ۵죬۴Цߵʵ֣~ӦдĶ𣿡˵ɫһ䣬Ŀģ
ϻʵۻ۾ī˵ĻԼȻ˵ģʶʼǻ粻壬ü˵ʲôʼʹԼ޽ˡһȴ䵽һֵıȨλĵزԼĻʺ˿ҲֻվһûΪԼһеĻⱲӾǰ׻ˡϻʵī˵ֻ۾һЦ
ī녵Ц̼īһѷſϻʵ۷ȻڴʱҲ˴ī녵λС̫࣬ͻȻ̧ͷүʱȣǻǡ֪˸һλ̫ࡣ
˿̺ԮѵӰҲһǾиӣճͻȻĿơӰæס֪˿̵ճ绻һƵãʱ˽ӰĿƷΧӰ书Ҳ˶ʱһ
ǰһۺ־ĳ˳īϵ䡣īʼûзӦ˰κЦ۵ȷʵ⣬̶סĲֻ״ſȥϵС̫ᣬ۴ѥͲгһذףȻеϻʵ۴ȥ
ǧһ֮ʣֻ~һ죬С̫еذױ˵ϡ˰£īվſڵ˵Ҷǧһ۱㿴ŵϻʵۣʱһæ˹ȥ
һ£ӿһҪ׽ÿīȴһһѽ뻳סĲ˶ʱŲһٲǰһԵճҲװӰƷ
ҶǧϻʵæóΪʩ룬ī녻۾ֻҶǧֱοǼֲ˶ˡǿѹеѹϻʵ۷һԵλϡ
ոī녣Ю̵īϣʱס֣
Ȼī˿û֮Уݵ˵֣ʶĻʥּϸ£ҪȻĻɲұ֤ʺİȫ~˵̵ֽ˽Ϊȱ̶ʱǺ
룡īİŭ
ǾĪֳĺˣ˵űǰһɫԭֵǣʱתȥҶǧ˵ϡһѽ̺ݺݵƵһߣΪͣ̽һʱײϡʺѪҺ˳Ŷͷ̶ʱʧɫŵĿīϣſڵɣΪ㡢㡭


һʮ ʹļ

̶ԿĳƺȵĪҶǧīˡ֮£ī껵ԵûжӦֻüͷĸˡ
̶㣡ϻʵһڶʱסؿڰ˵
Ҷǧһ𾪵ǰĻ棬̵ڵϣͷʺѪļγĶԱȡ˫ۺīϣһʹļģһ̣ҶǧŻȻԭһչΪ顣
񲻹ʮͷټڻʳűֺã׵ϻʵߵȷмֱζīͬʮǵ꣬Ҳѹ̻ġ
ճǴܹܣ̡ǻʵ۵֮ˣҪī녵ȷΪǺΪ˰ɣӦϵһʵزΣʵܼ̳лλĺϷһճΪҪɱԼѾͲԶˡò˵ڰеŮ̹ȻΪ㣬ͷһӣǿɱ
˿̸ɱƺһˣī껡ǰһһ壬һ˻ҵĹϵѹӦ뵽⣬Ҷǧ䲻ɵĽĿתī껡ֻͬԼһõڲϣɫĮжǴüԿ˿̵жǼ尾ֵġ
Ҷǧ˼ǣͬǱõţΪǰҫۣǰ绪ٿͷԼȻ˱ˡҪͷԼܺ˼ЩҶǧҲɵԼǿˡ
īϼԼѾס˾棬ʱϲɫһԵī노ǲˡֻһ˵̣תֱߵīߣ̵Ŀڵ֪ϵ𣿸ߣֱǲ

ڣһλòͷͷˣǰ
̫ӵ¹⵳ͼıȨλﲻ⣬ѹΣ󣡡īһЦһ߷Ը

˭ңī녺ȻİһԵȻû뵽Ȼеϻʵۻƣŵһ㵹û˵ī녡
һ£Ҳ΢΢һȻīϷ̵Цˣ֣Ȱ㣬Żһ˵Щ԰~ĪҪٳǿˣ~
ʱīϵЦԼĻĿī녱ǿ֮ĩīһʱ̱ϡҶǧ״ҧҧƺһδüʩ롣Ҷǧһ˿ݣһת
һīϵЦʱסˡֻͣ죬ȴû˿
ĺ󲱾ϣò˶Լͻᷢ֡ҶǧҲΪͷ֮һʱ嶯µ֣û̫ࡣ
ѹҶǧܿͷҶǧɵĺ¡ƾҪɱҶǧ䣬һ̣ȴ˵ϡһ̧ͷͷǰվŵľȻī껡δҶǧ䷴ӦֻһֵֵתԼߵɱˡ


һʮ Բ

ͻתīӦӲϾκ˿Ҳп˵ĴҲ֪ͣһˡǰѱ䵹ֱīһʱ벻⡣
ԼԴƣȻҪҪīֻ˵ã˲佫ϵһִͷϰһӣĲϡֽԼϵˣ˵̶ոնǳᣬȥˣһġ
ȻĻɺȰϣסְɣ껶Źǵġ
˵ļ϶ӿһˡͷҶǧǱɷպƣ滹һЩƺѹʲôˡ߽һȻǳд󳼣ҶǧʱûмǵĹְǿǰͼڱ֪Щ˵ĹְٶƷϡ
īһǶʱͱƻǱ©ˡīɲǼֽӱƽ˼֣ܻĳ˵ˣ϶ͨ籨ǲǣɱλӣΪƽߵЩǱΣաȴñر𣿣ʧأȻûأȻ̹Ĳ
˿̵ȫû˻ʺӺݻ֮Уױѿ޻صķҲɢңĻҲմ˻ͷϵѪѾɿݣȴ޵ѪҺȴҡҶǧվһԣһζŮһ֮ͬС
ճ״Ҫѣʼ޹ֻһǵĿ̡ī껽˽ȭͷͷߵԸʲô
˿̵̺ȻЦɣҶʮĸ飬ͻĲΣ~һǿɱ֮Ц֮
վҶǧǶȿĿīԶһλ׼ˡ״Ҷǧ䲻ɵСС˿־磬ǸϿɡ
Ǿڴʱһκ˶û뵽顣ֻ̲˴ƵĲץסīϵ֣һץöӣһѴԼĿڡ˵һ㶣ڴʱīǰƷīɲǼȥ̲һ
΢Цֱͦͦĵȥճǰճʱۣƴȫ˽Ӱˡ̣ӿѪؿڣæԼȥлͣ˵Ī£ūŴȥҽȫȫλӵĻɤ
ҶǧŷӦæǰץ̵֣Ҷǧ˿񲻶Եʣ̽˼ΣʼûȴץסҶǧ䣬Ц˵ˣ͵ù𣿡ҶǧʱԴһգ㶵ԭء
ճĻУͷĿԶī껣ǵһҶǧпĸ׵ĸо껶Բ㡣ﲻԭ£Ϊﲻ~ȿȣһѪʱӿ
Ҷǧʱ˽ţæгȥȻûʲôӦɲϵѪ󷽵ī껶ʱ󺰵̫ҽҶǧһμʧصī껣ûлͷǸоõīѹµ
΢΢һЦ̧ճ磬ճæסֻ֡˿˵ճ磬ǵ㡢ȥһ껶ġ̱ۣһ˫һûմˮ裬ʱԡһ̣Ҷǧֻеͬһ


һʮ 䶨

ճ㶵ĿŻ˯ŵļˣ˼ƺһӻص˶ʮǰǽˮһλ̳ŮӣӵоյȴʼղˣⲻһЩƴֵǰɧšһ۵ճ磬ȴԸıɡɽˮҹڻ¥ճ󱣻ɧš
һĴһϮʩ죬˿Щʳ̻ζһ̳Ů죬ЦŶճ˵ҵ̳þأЦٻģճ񶼻ǵáճ罫Լһ˦۶ȥ
ʱһãճڵͬƷһ˵ơһҹ΢磬һƮƮվڼ衣Ǿ̫ŨԵʣճֻԳ֡һգ˫ۺЦתճߣ˵ճ磬һҪң˵ű㻺ȥ
һҹһ贺ůůգճѣȴֻһֻ˵ľ̳ԼһƬɳճΪɳϵһĨһ꣬һףǲǰ˵ĺۼճ˲ҵ½󣬷˷ƵÿʼѰʧֱ̡ŷ˹ճȻȻ׷ˡ
յһתۼ仳еļѾϢճͷ̵Ķͷ˵̣ҵȵȣʹ뿪⡣˵ճСĽ̷˵ϡ
һ̣ҶǧֻǰһֻһƺߣҰӶо˷ɽҺ塣Ҷǧ仺عͷȥֻճеذ׻ѪīϵĲͻͻðѪͷһߣɴ˾۾һĻ̫죬쵽Ҷǧ䲻֪˿̸κֱһůĻ۾һ˫¶Ƚϵ͵֡
·ͻȻԭĳ͢ط촦ˡճһ̹Ȼתı̣̣ɱӦˣ㿪𣿡ճȵı̣ȥյſʱͱӦһͱ˺ġճǱ̹ȥȻȻûȻˡ
Ҷǧ䱻ī껽ӵڻУޱ顣ҶǧȻī껵¶ƺҲ߲ȥ治֪ʱȻ̫ҽԺ٣Եε̫̫࣬ҽݵ˵һξֲ䶨պָǿʼʬ塣
ΧѪζԽŨˣθһ󷭹ҶǧЩµī껻СȵҺѱ䣬˿̾˵׺һ㣬ƤϰͰͳ΢΢һʹתͷһīԼϸ˵Ѫաл˵ţ£ڡ£
Ҷǧתһѱסī껣ʱǵһμҶǧ󶯣ֱӰǽƵߣΧм䣬γһĿռ䡣
ԽԽˣƺѾʪҶǧؿڵ½


һʮ ã

Ҷǧ侭һйȻ࣬ȽŷǱī껱뿪﹬ġ˾˼Ҷǧ䱻ģŻˡֻͷ棬ңϻѪζѲǳʲôˡȻȴֻǻصСʱ裬ȻΪ쳣ǻûʲô¡
գʳһƬžԭճ޵Ҷǧ䣬Ҳֻ˺ˡʾԴ˵İ֮飬Լ֮⡣գǳ־Ҳ˽ۣīϹ⵳ͼıȨλѱ͵ʺȴѳ
īһޱŹľȥŲԼһڹŮ̫ࡣһ·ϰŷͬŮӿԵúò¿ѾīѹȥĳһƬྲһĴѾȫѹ˴ΣȥҲѼյ̫һϴ񣬿īպĵӽʮֳء
̰ڹײУ޵ĺ촽Զɽüۣۡǵģӵоյһ֮ĸϹǰīǰȥһ̳Ҳߡڹľʱī˵±ӣĪҪˡ
~ľѾϣǾһڰյĻ֮СΧĹŮ̫ȫſڵϿʼɤӴټĻڣ˹Ǻ֮ĿУī껻۾һ˲ƺһξӨ黬ӡ
Ҷǧľ˻ʳī녣ʺҲûȥϻʵ۴ϿʼûۣҶǧϻʵǿ첻ˡĺŽ֮Ҷǧ΢΢һߣŻɵĵУŽɵļֻ
ʱ֣תʺѾˡ
ʱϺһ΢ĶҶǧعͷȥֻϻʵ۾ȻۡҶǧæ˹ȥѯī녡Ȼֻŷһ˰ΣŻڵ̶˰~Ҷǧ΢΢һ֪
ԭȥеīҲ˽˻µʱѾˡҶǧһμī壬õԭԶԶؿȥЩʵζī峤ҲǼõģüϡͬīЩֻһɫ£صһλ·һ㡣
ֻǰſǰ㺿Ҷǧһμ֣һʱ䵽֪ôֻţ˰Σųˣûء
Ҷǧû뵽仰ãī嵱Ͳˡֻ̧ͷϵϻʵ̶ֻۣعͷҶǧ俪ڵ˭ǸɵĵֽҶǧ´һƵ˵˾ҪҶǧĻʵĿζô嵭~
Ҷǧʱ˭ո˵ֲʵζţҶǧ䲻ɵķһǰۣڵǣã


һʮ Լȡ

īȻش𲢲þ棬ֻǡŶһǶõĻشˡҶǧһ˼⺢ǲǴˡ
ʱ֣ҶǧҲµͬīһˡֵʺɥڣʳеʳöȻࡣˣīǱһ㣬õӵһ̿ʼûͣҶǧ俴̻ʵī壬ɵ֮յ֮ô䵽ⲽأ컯Ū˰
īͷɵڼ䣬ī˽ҶǧһϮµī껣΢΢һ㶡īͷɵĶҲ΢΢һ٣һֽſʼͳ߽īδš
ΧǹŮ̫࣬Ҷǧֻʺãī껿һҶǧû˵תͷī忪ڵ֣Щʱգÿɺá
ī塰ˡһϣһʮָӵĴһáӣͷҲص˵̫ӵµĸгûŮûû⣬ܺá
ҶǧǰĶˣʱе΢΢Щ̣Ȼ˵Ĺϵô
ī껵ҲգīߵӱĵΪ䵹һˮ˳ҲΪҶǧ䵹һ̶Ƶ˵ܿˣλػʳǣٲҪȥ˰ɡ
īʼûۿī껣ֻǶŲ񱭣Цһ̵Ŀڵ˵ûоûûŮˣҲûмʹթ˼ȥ̹Щ˵豭ʮֺĵ˿Сǲ룬ֻٴ豭ȫ˻ȥһͨ죬ȴһ仰Ҳû˵
ҶǧʮֲԼĲ豭ոշŵߣֻī˵ȣС̡ҶǧŻȻԭīǱ˰һ̵ī壬ҶǧЦһЦٹŮ̫Ŀ⡣Ҷǧڻʳ֮ٲȻһ˵գԼȴֲʱ˵Цˡ
űæֹסЦ⣬һ̣Ҷǧī屻᲻żȻǾԡǿʳĻʳУȴ˿ûз֮ģôܶùЩƻļһ~
ǻͶ࣬ҶǧҲȥˡֻ俴˿ϵϻʵۣɺɫвЩǰķȴֻܿţް취
ɫҶǧҲֻ뿪Ȼû뵽ǣī껾ȻԼ˳ʳǲȱ𴦾ܵҹһ·ִڵɺܶࡣټ췢£䱸Ȼɭˡ
һ·ϣī껶ĬҶǧš߹ҵ½˵Ӱĳģ˵΢ᵴӰϿǣֵһ㡣Ļ棬һ˶һȻҶǧȴһʹʱȱһĻĻӿͷ
Ҷǧ䲻֪ԼΪλֻǾз겻ʱ첽ǰȥȻīȴȻ֣סҶǧ衣˵ǧ䣬ұ㽫ĻԼȡ˿ɺã


һʮ ǰ

Ҷǧ΢΢һ㶣ϴůԽò죬æҪκī˿ûзſ˼ԶƺѾšҶǧ״ֻ÷ǣŵֲؽī껿һʱѾ߽īȴһתȥߺˣ
뻹Լ岽Զһī껵æվŲȭҾμ̫ӵ£ǽֵҹ
£ȥµɡī껵˵
ҶǧīǰƶƺǷǰɵ߿˺üۣκīȨϣҲΡ
ԶҶǧһڴʱŵ΢΢һʹ㻹ûлشҵ⣡ī껵˲ݿܡ
Ҷǧ䱻ŵֶеˣīûзſҶǧ˹ѹ˵Ƚҷſ⣬Ǳ˿˸Ǻã
ī껶ʱüͷ㵱ΪҲȫǰҶ𣿿ףҲ֪ǲã㵽׻ڹ˼ʲô
īȻҲЩˣ˵ʵڵģ˵ЩʱҶǧȷЩҡзȱַֽЩС˼ѹȥ
Ҷģ̌ͷֱī껣ʬδȴͬҶŮ鳤ҵļʶī껲ʲˣ˵ˣҶǧʲôʱ˵ҪĻˣ
Ҷǧ̣ѪīһʱЩ㱡Ҷǧ㶵ʱȻԼ֣һ˲䣬ҶǧһᣬͺҪʧȥʲôһ㡣ҶǧæȥӿĲǿѹȥٲȣκ׵ıҪԵΪҪȴڹ˵ҪԼȡôô㲵˼ҵӡ˵ҶǧԸףԸǶɲˡ
Ȼ˵īô˵ҲΪһѱҶǧĵײԸīΪðκηˣ˵ģҲϣΪʲôǸԼĳһɡ
ī껰û˵Ҷǧֻһ˶ǰȥҹڸ£Ҷǧҧҧȭͷǲһī껾͸Ҷǧ䱣һξ룬ˣҶǧܸܵĵϷһֳĬ֮Ҷǧ䲻ɵľԼոǲǻ˵̫ЩϾ˼ҸոʧȥĸףԼȻ˿Ρ
ߵſʱҶǧ㿴˵ȺĽӣԼվŵ˾㡣Ҷǧ䲻֪ΪΣȻһĸоȻī껽˵Ļȴ֡
ǧ䣬ôֻ֪ǰľͺáī껵ģȴּЩС
ҶǧŲһ٣ֲ֪οڡԽµûˣֻҪҶǧʱӿ˽ŲǰȥȻߣ͸ΪСˡīһֱվԭأעҶǧȥӰֱʧ


һʮһ ˫ϲ

ҶǧÿνԵøСƺڶʲôһ㡣ȻīƺҲæų֮£ҲϾÿµֻҶǧͬīΧϻʵǰԨҲʱʱǰҩٲҩƺҲԵ޼¡
ڼ䣬뵹ҲΣ˲䲹Ʒµ䱸ɭϣıҲȥֻӸţЩûʺĻòҶǧ䣬ƺ׵顣
Ҷǧһ²ؼģīеΪαɫˣôῴҶǧ䣿֪ʺҶǧЩȥƿڴ˼ȥǲҪûӵȽϺáһ죬ҶǧײŮĻҶǧ֪ī屻ᣬȻΪϲɫһһڱ롣
İſǽҶǧ˸ｹۣԺҶǧ俴ī껵ȻЩһˡһԷʱҶǧվûס̻ʵī壬ͬ˵֣ûйϵ˲㣬һģʵ˵ʵڵģʮϵ¸Ҿ񣡿ģ֮ͲʲôˣǿԱģ
Ҷǧ˵īȴ𣬾ԵŹǶԵļ١ҶǧԹԵ˵ͣī껺·룬Ҷǧ˵ʵһϲףԸԣ
˻һҶǧЩҭס·һ̵˳ȥīҶǧĶӵģɵЦиôӣҲǲһ°ֳڷҶǧ˵ǵطǸǸʲôطӦòڰɡзǱֹģзֿǽĴī˷룬һξȻʳ֪ζĸо
ڼ䣬Ұߴī껵ǻһһɵǻСΪī껵ǻǳ⣬ʺ֮λɲī檼٣Ҳδã˼ȥҲΨ̫ӲɵʺѡīôҲһֱδ֮͢Ҳû˸ۡ
ʮ³ʮī녱С
䣬֮ڲл֮ǣ¥ƹݱաҶǧ֮£ҲȻȻƳˡ
ϻʵվûаȵ죬ߵĺܰȻǰҶǧһ׹ӣƺԼǴδӹһ֣ȴˮһʱҶǧƺҲ΢΢˹
ʵҶǧͬīֵܽТκ¶ĵī壬Ҳʮϵڻתյķ顣
ȵī껵ǻҲܿȷɹҲԺһ£ͨ뺡ʮ꣬ʮī껵ǻµۡͬգĿʽɹһν˫ϲţͬ졣
ҶǧһͱһȺΧţӴϴٵüױǰǰʱʱ䡣˾ͬţһãȻվ⣬ĺϲ֣ʵǾûһʵСޣ˵ҪȰݱףϻʵţΪҶǧȻҪݱġ
һϮ۳ĵԽԵ͵ȺڻʳڣʼչһĨǳЦһҶǧͳ׵׵һˣ


һʮ ƶ

ҶǧžļˣüԶ촽ݰףֻһ˫Ӻ̲ʲôĨ㺡յȻǼ£ȴҲһµĽȹ˵ʵڵģɫǰǽҶǧ仹ͷһشɫʣҶǧϲûһ˿ӹ׵ζģеԽĶˡ
ΪҶǧڣζ˶һʵҶǧС˽ӣϰףڿʼֱɹĽŶǲմصġ
˾ͬţĿҶǧĚi̤Ϻֱ̺ʧҰУһ۶תȥĬĬʰԼĶˡ˵ʵڵģûͨҶǧôͬ޸룬Ī˵Ҷǧ䲻ʣ¼ʹˣҶǧҲ˵ġ
̺һ·쵽˻ʳǣͬϴβʱͬǣһΰǶǹؾصĹڵ·ԣΰǴӵΧԵø֡һ·ǰŮȫϲ̣ŶӲ֪ƣŲ֪ϲֵ֡ĳ棬Ҷǧֻ÷겻ΣɵתšȺһλ߸߱ĺע⡣ֻŸʲôԼ֡
Ҷǧ΢΢һ㶣⺢ӿƺ֮ǰģЩ˵ûһ㺢ӵĽԲ󣬵뿴ҲǸ߰ĺˡҶģ֣̌岽շԱߵῪڵͣһ£ҶǧŸηȻˡ˵϶ҪģȥݱոյǻĻʵۣ˼ʱǿ˭ҲΰҶǧηԥƾҪηĸô˿̵Ҷǧմأȵķ˲շ
ǰĲշȻͣ£ŵæʲôԸôȻͣˣ
Ҷǧͷ΢ЦָָȺ޴ڵ
ʱԭֵĽֵϣΪͻȻͣϲ飬øⰲתͷ˳Ҷǧָķȥԭһѣɵüͷ£һƶĺӣǻǸϽ̣ĪҪ˼ʱĺáֵȻ󣬿Զİ˸һɵĽĿͶ˹κλʼȨϣв죬ɲҲұֳ
شҶǧЦһ˫Ϭ֣汲ʳеֵ𣿣˵˻ʳеˣɶƶඣ
ҶǧϾԣǰλҲǴСģλȻʵϲͬڵĻʵ۹ϵڸҪ޸ɹ̫ӵˡԼĻС֪Щֵȥū֪뿤ԭ£


һʮ ǰˣ

ʱҶǧЦѣĿ۹ڵϵû֧ǿȺеЦ֣~
ȻЩɵǰŵ˶ҲǻͷҲǣһСϱǧ򻯡ҶǧִٵӣЦˣ£нǲ۸㡣˵գֳǰԸУ
ĸҲӣÿ·ʱ˹ֻź˫ۣеĺ첼ԥ˰ߵҶǧǰ
Ҷǧ䵹Ǻһֽ߽Լϡһٴ룬ΧİմһҲȺðͷСĪҪŪ˿µȹӰ
Ҷǧعͷ΢ЦƵĳ˵µġ̶ֻعͷŻоִٲֿеĺ첼ʵкöҪ㰡
ԴίĿһۣõĿ϶еĺ첼ݸҶǧ䣬㣬˵ҼҵĴˣҪˣĵԶǣ͸~
Ҷǧ俴ССĺ첼ʱеůůġⲼǺͨ޲ò˿һƯĵ幤ϾͿɿ˵һһǶʵ⡣ҶǧЦŵ˵ͷǽܵõлл~
õҶǧĿ϶ȻһҲͬҶǧһĵЦˡΧʵĴڿһĻʱĺۿҶǧеĵλԽ᲻ɴˡ
ĵҶǧĻͶĸ׵ĻҶǧŷɹһԡҶǧĿǰ˵ѵñõļʱ𣿡
˻һĻҹţæǰȥˡϲĶ̣εĲȻЩ
ԼĪ10ңҶǧĶźƺƵ˻ʳǡյĻʳһɨǰ̺·߹һϲģ
ҶǧԶԶؾͿ˸̨֮ϵī껣ԶҶǧܸоõ֮ˣķ绪̺ŵĶٹ٣ʱ򶼻عͷЦҶǧ䡣ȵͣ˺̺֮ϣԶһˣֻһ£ֲȻ֮С
ǰԽԽݣҶǧŷӦ˾ԼҪ޵ķ밡
ԶһĨ޵ǳЦʵԡֻҶǧߣʮʿһֻ֡ҶǧҲٳɣԼִȥԼǣ
ô䣬ĺûһ˿¶ȡҶǧ΢΢Ŀϸͬȱһģһݡ˵Ҳһʱյľ룬Ȼͬģ
Ҷǧ䲻ϴűͬʱֻ˵С䣬㿴ңǰˣ
ҶǧȻһ΢΢ȻǱģҶǧһջĿ⡣һ˲䣬Ҷǧкһ˿ΪףȻһģһǴԸ˵ֱǲʮǧ˵ԸĻƺī껻ȱЩ
ǿǻЩСȻûӹǵ۾ǿֻͶϣڴΡ


һʮ ȱ

ǵԼһ̤ǰĽʱֻôôĵĽݡȴƺ࣬һ˱ðͷҶǧֻһȵ񣬽ԼϡҶǧȹڵֲɵĽ˽˵ʵҶǧ仹īĳʲôʵľٴ
ģҶǧͬ뽥ֵīǰɹ̫ӱ룬ʵۡԸʥϺ鸣죬޽빰Ҿȿ˿ڡ
ɹ̫ӼīȻ¹򣬿Ҷǧȴԡ͸ֻīһɫۣͷ֬𷢹ڡһ˫˵촽΢΢ţȻǲ˫ۣ˿Ҷǧļ΢ʱűȥýճޣָ𡣳öŬһλĸػ˳ǻףʥҸ
˵ʵЩĸ֮⣬ûһҶǧĻҶǧǵ¹~һҶʱ򣬵ڶīʱ򣬶ξڡҶǧ侹ЦǰιĿɶˣһιԼǶλδʼѾİ顭
˰ΣīûгֻǶŹڵϵҶǧ䡣ΧĴǽһʱеЩϡˣɫǺ֡
īе˼ƲԣæʣһˣھҪԶĪҪ˵ʥ᲻ˣҲвᰡ~
˻һΧĴȻӦ˵ǣԻεѹڴʱֻī껺ȻʵΪһΣ㵱Ҫ޸𣿡
ī껵һ仰ʱֽոȵĿɲǼ併ȣ鲻֪νӻֻε˵һߡ
Ҷǧ΢΢һʱ̧ͷζʼ͸Ҷǧ临ӵ񣬡ʥϵĻŮ棡
ҶǧĻ˼ᶨī껺ȻЦһԽҶǧҶǧʼû̧ͷΪ֪ЦΪġҶǧֻǵ˵˾䣬л~˵˱ࡣ
īһЦȻǸſġ˿վ˳һųľᣬƺԼйأȻҶǧ˿ֻлҲѣʲôѹûȥһ䡣
ҶǧеһʹƺǱ˭һѡҶǧػعͷȥһԭī塣
Ҷǧعͷīüһҽü㶼ûӦΪ㶪ˣأ
Ҷǧʱɫīķ򿿽Щεĵʵ㼱еĺңҪ£
Ҳûʲô£ǿ컹ŮˣҪȷһ㻹ǲʶĵˡīű˵
ǰʱ䣬Ҷǧͬī弸һ¾ֻж졣ҶǧҲϰī˵ҭ˵ӣʽʽϣҶǧ뵽ǸӡҶǧʱһвûȥ
ī£ҶǧֻȻǰȥǸһ߱㷢䱻קסˣҶǧմķһǰۣҲ˻ǳľᣬҪȻҶǧ緭ͬīˡ
ҶǧҧҧҪʹԼȳǸһʹֻīԼ󻺻˿ڣȻʶʱղΪһ¸׷ԼˡΣϣĪҪԼڵī˵֡
ҶǧļУīһһ˵ҶǧԭأһͬȱһģһݣһԼĵһСʵ˽ĵģѡ޸룬һֵԭΪɣ˵ʵڵģԴӼҶǧ伸ÿÿҹεԼͬȱһһϦ
ҶǧÿÿҹѡУǻתľҲΪҶǧףֻܽ󻯡ԼףһȶɹĹϵܵõǳأһڸոյǻī˵ҲǼĺôڶԼҲܵõһȱˡ


һʮ 뿪

罫ʱѵ̺ʮױǰǰ˵Ӵ顣һ·ϲ֮˵Ĵӵ´ӻʳǳȥƣī껵վڸ߸ߵĳ¥Ŀȥ
ҶǧΪ׵ĵһ̨У̧ʵǺüɴᣣмǺĳڲ֪ôƵģԻ˿ɴ죬ҲȥҶǧйհһƥɫĿʱ˲ȵĿ⡣ҶǧһǰɹȻٲ˾ţʱ
صĳŻҶǧ΢΢һʹ֪ΪΣȻҪжһصķΣһƥһȥĳ嶯ҶǧЦһΧǰİǣεĸ̾ɼ
ͷ¥£̧ͷ߸ϵīȥīޱһ˵ѹȸУ뱧ȭǻһ˿ЦݡīĿ΢䣬ֽĿת˽Ҷǧ䡣ĽǶȿȥֻϡҶǧĲ뿴ī껵ӣЦˣԴˣʥŮֻһˡ
һʻ˽𶼣ڱҪΪҶǧʱҶǧðͷԶԶؿ˳¥֮ϵīһۡԶ˵ʵ˿̵īҶǧѾֻʣģҶǧһ۾ϳȺеī껣ҶǧûĿģ뵥ĿһۣͿһۡ
ȻǷˣҶǧĳڡԶīȻǿˣֻ΢΢һЦŶߵĽӰ˼䣬ڴ󳼵Ĵӵ£˳¥
ɲǼ䰵ҶǧջĿ⣬ԴʱƺʲôؿĻոУҶǧ䲻ɵİĿڵλãŷڷȡҶǧЩ֣ⶫƺĺԼ˹΢΢һֵ뷨ӿͷѵ˵ʥŮӵвɹ
ӴĶȻǲĿŵ֮У׵Ķѡһ˼ϡٵ·һ·ϵҲ羰ĺãҶǧȻȤ̡ԼҲƯ갡Լڽ𶼻ʳǵ̶ĸµʱ⣬ǹСɾССģȴɷôԼ޷顣
ʶˣҲ֪ɹ޸ԺԼǲѣԼǲĻ֡ԺīǲǻԽԽáҶǧ㶵ڿ˼ԽƮԽԶ


һʮ ʥŮ

ʱƻ裬׵ĶһɽˮĵطͣһͣȣλŮҶǧڵϡбŵҶǧʱˡҲ˵Ҷǧ䵽ʮǡ·;ңԶһȻǼЩΪáصȥһɫ˿ȹ滹һɴװڳĵıȻأ߿ɾͱˡ
·ҶǧߵŮ֮ǰ·ʱҲǵ֣λСС࣬಻ʮ꣬Ҳ㣬ҶǧȽϲ
³󣬱㿴ԶСϪѾ˼æǰæ׼ʲôҪ׼ˡҶǧСȥмһһ·ϹŮҪվŲؾصҶǧʺáҶǧֻǵͷʾ⣬Ҳ˵
һҶǧ䲻ЩصĲ˹̺мһӣӺ滹һż׵齡˵Ǽ滹һŴĶƤݣòƹİɡĿͬʱվ¶ʮңڳ;УһϵסҲʽҶǧҲˡ
ڴʱ˽ȥɡ黹ŮæȥֱֻҶǧߣڵС䣬⼸ίһ°~
˵ЦˣĲôί~Ҷǧعͷ˵
Ժ⻹˵һĽҪ˵ûиǿ϶ǼٵġΪ˱ϴһ鷢Ҷǧֻþ˳ԷŭٴԴ󷢡
ƺĺܺãֻҶǧ˫ۺЦĵЦСԷѽ
ҶǧͻǾٶȻЩܽܣһʱϵıЩӲʵҶǧεǣǰˣһȱһģһݣȴȱӱ۵ľٶ˿̿ǰݣﾹȻ˵Ĺ졣
գҶǧĿ˱֣ε˵֣ûʽ޸֮ǰɲҷҶǧлԼеЦζ˵ʵҶǧ仹˵ʲôֵĻ
Ҳֻǹ˹ǣЦ˵ҿҪӿг˰
˵ļ϶˽һĿڵ£ʦǱϢˣ
΢΢һ䣬Ҷǧ˱𣬱ͬҳȥˡűȥӰҶǧ֣ԼƺԱûôųˣѵΪͬȱһģһԭҶǧæҡҡͷⶼʲô߰뷨Ϊ˲ʹԼں˼룬Ҷǧ߳ǰŮƺһ׼Ľĳʳ
Զ̫Ѿ˰ӣϼȾգǰСϪҲӡ˺ɫͬΧ̲γĶԱȡ˵ģĺԴԽҶǧ䱾Ϊķ羰ɽڲŷ֣ԭбȺɽĵط
Ҷǧ仺СϪԣһۼŮǰڣϱҶǧˡôķ羰ʱ߰˻¸ƻأСϪһò֪ĴҶǧ˹ȥȥǰ
ϴ~Ϸһͺƽ
Ҷǧ΢΢һ㶣漴̧ͷȥȻ俴֦ϵ˾㡣Ҷǧæòŵƨɣָ˾˵СӣȻһ˰ռôõľ룡ȥ~
˾ֻεĽҶǧҲȥվڸ߸ߵϣõɽһ࣬Ұˣ˵ƺࡣ
Ȼʱ˾ȴ˾䲻ʱ˵Ļϴ㵱ҪȥɹʥŮ


һʮ ʧ

ҶǧεĻعͷʥŮʥŮʲô˵ʲôʥŮĻΪʲôоʲôֵ
˾Ҷǧ˱ʥŮһĻصʥŮǶ½ˣĵʱͻʣѹʱվͻľǣӵгǿԤ֪
˾˵һݣҶǧˣǣɼ
˾΢΢һ㶣űתͷһᶨ죬Ҹ׸ҵģҵĸǲƭҵģ
Ҷǧ״ɵİͣȻǷ⽨ź˰˵ЩҶǧǸʥŮֱӡǼ˾һݵģҶǧҲټڵݣʲôʲʥŮ˵ģҶǧʼնЩһĶһִܹѧ˵ʵǺš
˰Σ˾ֿڵϴڻڣҪȻǳҹܰɣ
Ҷǧһ˵ʵڵĴһʼҶǧֻ뵽ûҪܡڿ˾۵ڴҶǧлĶҡˡԼ·ˣں·϶ģɹûҪˡʱ˵ɹúú⳥һԼɽ֣ž˫ңӣգ
תһ룬ĪҪ˵Ϸжôѣɹǰ㣬ʮֲҪˣʱòī껵Ľɽδȶ֮ʲôףʱ¨ͱˡҶǧȥƾűĸԣߵĿƺЩӻ飬ֻȷŷˡ
Ҷǧ֦ϣȺѵõľʱ⡣ǽ֮дˣȻĻУԼпϾҪ߽һǽ֮Уܲץʱܡȫ֪ǰѾը˹
λոշιҶǧŮȫڵأˣδɹ̫һգ۵Ĺ򲻼ˣǱ°һվǰ棬ǿʼĴѰҡʱһλŮΡΡĿ˿ڣū澣֮ǰ̫СϪǱȥˡ
һʩչṦСϪȥҶǧͬ˾Ĵĵط֦ҶïʢĵطɫѹǿҶǧ䡣
СϪԣӲݴԭ򣬲ûз˾ĺۼ͵׼ת뿪ʱԼһЩֵĵ˳Դȥ¡
ԽˣһŵҲڷҶǧ件Ӱڶ˫ȣ˿̵֪ŭǸЦЩΪΪЦΪȥŮʤΪҪҲŮ֮Сϲ𣿲ϲһʮԼ
Ҷǧȴǵһñе޴һˣҲǱһҲΨһһ㲻Ůˡʦ˵ֻʥŮԸıΪˡҪǻǰǺɵĽҶǧȥѰҽԼϽƵķڣȴЩǻˣǽĴ̫Լɻ
ˣһγˡڵҶǧʧ̧ͷϵҶǧ˵С䣬ɡóԷ~ѵô˿ϡ


һʮ 

Ҷǧ䱻ͻһһҪȥ˾㷴ӦҲƲסˡ~Ҷǧ侪һŵס˫ֻۡеߵķĹΣǲݵأԼӦòˤ̫Ұɣ
С䣬ôȲҪҵĻ𣿡ûԤڵʹҶ߻˱ԴЦĻ
Ҷǧÿ۾ӳǱ뾭òЦԼȻǵ˼ҵĻˣҶǧʱЩ˼ĺҲһֻСȥֻϽĻε龰
֪ȴıסҶǧ䣬תķȥĻᡣϵ˾㾲ĿһĻԼڿŵ֣ɵսȭͷ
Ҷǧŷӳæֵؿڣ룡
ôԼӣкβԣϵЦԽˡƺ㶺ҶǧǺ档
Ҷǧ俴ԽԽȺʱѣ֪ΪΣǲñ˾Լͬ׽鼱֮£ҶǧȻʲôֲڱ䲻óϵĲ󷽡ʱվӣŴԼߵҶǧ䡣
Ҷǧվĺ󷽣һǸ˵ƣŮܲףһδʽףǱһľΪãСŮӵһƬ~˵ţҶǧ˫ֺʮվһ࣬˸еƣȹڣƵѸٰϵһǰȥˡ
վԭأҶǧѾܵģһǸһĨΣյЦ⡣
𶼻ʳ֮УǻʽĻīΪεĻʵۣȻǹԪϹةҲΪϴε飬һ𡣶дҲϴε£һ롣֮ȻҪúõĴӽ¿״ԪУѰҳµ˲ţȱϯλ
鷿֮Уīüе£»ˣֱǱɷպƣģة֮ӹʯԼֱ֮Ӱһ˹ʯ֮⣬˿˵ī껵ĸʯΪة֮ӣȻǶĿȾѧϰ˲׵Ʒ˵ºͣΪ˲αʱīߣȻҪˡ
˰ΣΪѵĿ˿ڣʥϣѵǻǻʺһλɿȱ۷׷ףϳԶ֮ڡ
ī껻ķ̧ۣͷɫսĿͣ˹ʯϣʯҲΪȱһλʺ𣿡
ʯһ͸һŨصʣֻ˫ֽվٹͷī껾Ϲʾ⡣ŻڵԪˣҲδƽһֻǱ棬ʵȴɫ˵ΪۣΪˮˮۣܸۡС룬Ҫ÷չġڶĺЩ
˵գʯٴεͷʾ⣬ѧϢֵ쾡¡
ī΢΢һЦҲûжⷬԼ̬ȣתͷģˣ㿴ة֮ӵĻܷΪҲأ
΢΢һڹʯһۣλ켣ٳõ˶Ҳһ仰Էֻð̾һæ̧ͷȭϳ
ī껵˵ͷ͵ԵʣڷȽڿΪҪҲһλ֮ˣʯ˵ûһ˿©ȻҲ룬˳Լ⡣һŵķպȴɫ΢䣬ֹīȻ׵ġ
ԴˣīҲ֪պΪֱǶǸȴ۰һֱûзȻǵġйʯһҲͲ˵ʲôˡ


һʮ 

ɫҶǧͬһù󣬱صԼ֮СҹҶǧֻϣþδߡֻҪ۾Ժоͻ᲻ϵĳīڸ̨֮ϿԼ񣬾ҲͰˣʱʱĻḡֳȱģ
ȱͬ볤һģһҶǧҲֲԼԺеĵ˭ӻ粻ѣҶǧֻ÷߳ҹ͸һˬԶ¯ֵҹվñֱԱߵǱģ˿Ҳ͸ŵ⣬ҶǧҲĹǷߡ
̧ͷǿգȱڵţ߻ʱǿʱĳ֮ļžҹҶǧԽеˣֻȻת
С䣬ҹ´ҹҪǵô°~
ѽҶǧһȥ㱻ͻһֻֻ£бԼϣлԼ֮ǰʣİ뱭ˮӺšɢ볨ؿڵļҲӰ֣ҫ£ԵøԸС
Ȼͬȱӵһݣȱ˵ĸоԶǰ㴿⡣ǰڱǸһȻ֮УҶǧ䲻ɵķһǰۣ֣תһ룬ҹһȴֻ³ԼΪ⣿
Ҷǧ;Щ֣Լ£覴ñرı˵Ϊȴһֱû˵ʲôֱҹҶǧ䱾ΪεӣڿǸ׸ıˡ
Ҷǧ䰵££Լ½󣬲ɫſȥһ߻ʵ֪ҹãҪ£˵ʵҶǧ䲢±ʲôԼ׺󣬻ľܾ΢ĶӹĿ⣬ֻȻδҶǧͱһץס
΢΢һԼһлԴЦʵС䣬ҪȥκҶǧ䱾Ҫǰܵģ͵һʱȥһһקصӴ󣬡Ҷǧͺһ˶ʱ˵ϡ֪ǲǹ⣬뻹˳ƽҶǧѹ£Ӹһ
̵Ǻĵ̺ˤȻǲʹġƿҶǧ˫ֱһֻѹͷ֮ϣҶǧϣ˵಻סϢϵҶǧɫҶǧĺЩˡ
ҶǧŽߵݣɵú룡Ҷǧŭ
Ǳȫû˼˫ۺЦĽҶǧ䣬ƽơҶǧȻһ𣬶ʱŤ
ڴʱ𶯣ͳּУڼʲôҶǧҲоһӲԼĴϣִܹҶǧȻʲôͦʬһ㲻ҶСĴűɫ
ֻȻԽף˵¶ƺҲЩҶǧ䰵ˣ¿ǰϻĺˡ


һʮ ħҲ

Ҷǧ䲻˼ȫʱеһű
ҶǧűıӰþòܻǲţˣҶǧŷӦԼڰȫˡæߵǰԼ´ϡĿȴʼû뿪ӰԷֹʲôľٶ
ȻȴֻǱڵб㣬Щ⻹ǲҪΪãв˵С䣬Ǳɾ~˵ŻеĶҫƵҶǧҡҡ
ҵĻ󣡡ҶǧŷʲôǸԼȻû~Ҷǧ߷еĺɫ˰ĿԭԼĻ󰡣ҲհйڣиԼһɡ
ԭϲѽ~˵ĻСŮӾԹˣҶǧΥ˵
ЦһعͷһĨΣյЦⲽҶǧƽҶǧжʱп಻ţôˣԼѵ˵ʲôŭĻ𣿱벻ǰߣҶǧ䲻ˣ֪Ϊΰ컹úܴôȻоͱСˡ
Ҷǧ䱻ƽ˹սǣƺԴ˺⣬ɫЦˡС䣬˵ϲ㣬᲻ὫԼأĻϷŰдŵҲһ˿ϡ
ҶǧһʱǵĿֻòͷȥ³һ仰£˵Цˡ
빴˹ǣҶǧĶͷѵˮһǡС䣬˯~˵վֱ˳ȥ
Ҷǧ˰ΣŻعոձĳǹĶͷһֲʱ˵ĺˡĵ׺һֵ뷨ⱱ᲻ȱûпȱͬԼһҲǴԽȻʧأ
뷨һת۾ҶǧԼƷˡͬһˣôôأҶǧЦһ˰޵ԵʣҶǧ²ñ˯ˡ
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йţµŮӽûҲʶĮӹҵʪĲһȥ˯ˡֽĽҵĵʰһֽѸɿݵʬףҹɫˡ
ҲǵǵڶٸˣֻǵõһΪʱ𾪡ԭʻŮӽ˰ʱʱ⣬һɿݳªʬʱԼз˵ĺ¡
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һʮһ ԧԡ

֮·ңԶ̫δȫǱ㿪ʼװ׼г̡
Ҷǧͬ˸磬Ǳ˽ѵģһʮֵΡ浽ɵģԶ߸ߵվһСɽϣһЦݵԼ֣ʾԼȥ
Լߵɽ·ʱŷԭᲢһ߾߱˵ʬ壡ɲͣԼ֣ʱͻȻһֻץסԼĽţҶǧͷһȻСֻ˫ۺĶԼ˵ȥֻȥˣǲܻ
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̫Ļū澲֪ŮϹϾĻص
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ţֻܸԼ߾Ϊǹȥ˵ģȻܴ˳ޣǽǱ̫࡭Ҫܣֻˡ
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˵ⱱ뿴ƺǺƣӣʼųûп˵Ҷǧ𣬵ոʶʱ֪оɼԴӵڶľͺ࣬ʱҶǧ仹Ϊʲôҽҽˡ
Ҷǧ䱾ﲻǰЩģƿǸ󲡷ˡҲûٹܣȻƿ˴·ķ羰ǿϷԭɣ˵Ѿࡣ
Ҷǧ۾һƺʲôæͣ
~һæʱҲ۾ü΢塰С䣬ڼ
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˵£Ǳһɴ°ˣһˮĶǶһ˵Ȫˮʵ£úҲһ°
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ΪԽԽϲС~ô~ô~


һʮ һ֮

յЩȵȻȻĿЩҶǧȻȪݣ˰ΣعͷҶЩиȪȥϵˮǳֻûСȣԽˮԽûֱȻʱûߵһ롣
ԴˮľҶǧʵڰʱʱĶϰˮ±϶ǲġǰƽˮ棬Ҷǧкһ뷨ԼװˮҾ棬ţ˾ȻʱԼţ˾ӦԼܳȻǺõģҪӲôֻһ·ˡ
ҶǧԼͷϵһɫӣҧҧʼȥˮû˲ӣҲʼЩƯˣʱѾˡҶǧþһͣĴˮ档
Զ£ϱĿЩʱͬҶǧߵ̫ڵĽѾʼѡҶǧһ𣬱벢ԸŮˣǽƲϷԼҲѾǿ֮ĩˡʱԶҶǧľһ˹ȪԱȥ
һʱһæҲȥ֪״ģʱۻƣǺֱ롣
ϱĵ˸ϵʱˮѾָƽĻҶǧӰ߼λŮȻĹڵأӣ˾ţʱˮȥʱȻһˮС
ҶǧˮףֻʵĿۿűҶǧ䰵ֻĬĬȥǱˮã˶Щ֣˿̰Ҳʼ궯Ȼ˾ͬţҲˮ
ʼ䣬Ҷǧϡߵ˭ڲͣţȵ£Ƿ׷׿ʼˮȥҶǧвЩ⣬ⱱ벻ǻˮЩ˼ʲôǰ˾ͬţԼԽԽˣǵĹעƺȫڱϣԼڳߣʤĺܴ
ǿűôʹı飬ҶǧЩľһ֮ڴʱ˾ƺѾ߼ٸҶǧҧҧ߻ߣһ֮ˣ
ڴʱҶǧΧˮӴԭΪ˾˹ǶһȻǱ룡ֻ˫ͨ죬ǷʲôһĿԼֱ뻳ʱҶǧ䶼ûзӦĻĺ䣬䵽Լ·Ҫһ𱻱һ㡣
ֱˮ棬ҶǧŷӦæͷϵӡ˾ΪģβһС롣֮ǰͬţ˾˵ԼĵԼѨɼ״̬ʱǺԼġʬ塱һӣؾˡ
ҶǧеҧҧŬԼȥ뾪ʧı飬ߴС䣬ԺĪҪôΣյˣҺ¡䣬Ҷǧ㷢ӵĻһɣ˱ԵˮС


һʮ 

˴ˮҶǧĻعͷˮеı룬һӵϣȻΪʱʪµӰ֡ڴʱһ·Լϣͷһԭţ
˿̵ĳһ˵ã׵ߣһѿˮеı롣ţҳ˳Ҷǧ䣬ߵϴ󣬰ǳ߰ɣ
ҶǧȻһƺű¶ȣƺΧٵĹĻߣԼľҪôԼģ˸׾ԼߣԼƾʲôߡ
ڴʱȻűҶǧǰҼҵɼŲۻơΪ˾ȫԼΣΪҲһλŮӣĻͲ˵˰ɡĿᶨĶҶǧ˵գ㱳ű뿪ˡ
ΧŮһֵֽһҶǧ䣬㶼ȥֻʣŮҶǧߴšߵţ˾㱾ΪƽǸһͱҶǧֹˡֻͷҧҧвⷺһС˵ģ˵Ĳ޵ԼҲ˺κˡ
ССģû뵽ԼŪվԼ̫˽ˣҶǧ䲻Լʪ£´ãתţ˾˵¹Ҫ߾ˡʱҲøˡ
ϴ󣿣ţ˾
ҶǧЦŴǣʱȥ򿴿Ŵ͸ҲóˣǣʱˣͻȥǡҲϴСˣҪǳɼˣǵøԸţϴǰ񡣡
ҶǧЦƽҲԵǰɣͺǵһĿǡ˵תȥ˾㱾׷ȥ˵ЩʲôȴţסˣˣͰ˵ٶҲ޼¡߰ɣô޵ҲǸ̫ӣҲǲˡ
ţ˾ļʾ԰οԼȴڰ̾ǣϴǵʥŮ˾վû˵ڣΪ֪⻰һضֻһȻ󲨡ҲգƽҸҲһ²𡭡˵ģʥŮҲӦͬһһɡ
Ҷǧ첽Сֻ֣ԶݵϣΧһȦȶ˫ֶűĺ󱳣ƺΪ֮ġĳҶǧֻڵϼ˵ʵʲôãΪѧ߽ȻסҵĶͷѾʼΧĿȴĿ¡
Σڰһƣӡ뿪֧ţ˲ȥҶǧæǰסȴһ˲εĸоĲá
ֱؾԼ˵ԼҲٽʲôҶǧҲ˲ңֱΪ꣬ʱ궯ʱ΢ͺʲôжߡ¶ԽԽͣеı仯
ңң⵽ʲô£Ҷǧ佹ʵ
ȴԵЩɣΣԼҲѾȥ˵һ˿ϣ˹ƶ˹ƻ˼й߻ͬһƫͣۻơ
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εҡҡͷǰʱйʦڣڡҺȻһ̶۹һʱҶǧˡ
ʲô˼Ҷǧʮֲҡ
£֮ǰðǰӣҼҵһʮϵҶǧͷ


һʮ 

ң㵽ʲô˼ҶǧԽɻˡ
ҹǰŲŲֻҶǧܹͬڵ˵ֻţ˹ΨʥŮɽ⡣
ҶǧȻһô֪ʥŮѵ˵ķһֵĸоҲգʱ⣬ǾҪҶǧü΢壬ʵʲô
£֪
ҵĻЩҶǧһȥ죡㲻֪˵ë߰еıƺԽˣʱ˶ƶһ㱡˪һҶǧͷһۣ˵ˣ̧ȥ뿪ط
Ҷǧ˻һΧֻǷ׷׿ңûж˼ҶǧЦһڵԺҾ̫ѵ˵ҪڵߣΪԼ𣿡
ģҶǧ˵ĻڵҵĻû˿ִе˼
ּ⣡Һڵ
жҶǧ仺вЩ졣ò˵һȺñ
ǽϳҶǧȥˣԸϳǰȥʱɫƻ裬⸱˵ʲô¶ˡ
󣬱Ϳʼͣش鴤˿ѪɫҶǧһԣźһ㡣Ҷǧఴ˺üѨλʼû˿ɫı룬еĽңɹжԶ
컹һһҹҲͣػӶޡ
Ըȥһ뿪ǾͽҸطšҶǧٴδ
ʱҲûڷˣ֪ڵ龰¶ȻǲܵģǴôӴĶȥȻ̫עĿҲֻҶǧȥӡ
ڣʱ֣һСеĳţ˾㣬Ҳֻˡǿ߾ԭԵЩϡ٣ڿջСĿҲֻ䲻ôĵķˣµҲ޴ˡ
ҴһУͬзȥҶǧڼ䣬һϰ壬ͷβЦӭţССӣҶҲ˲Ǯ
ͬеһªʱҪģҶǧһݱ㿪һȲѪҩǰȥץҩߵˣֻҺʹϵı롣
ߺҶǧſѯʵң㵱治֪ʲô𣿡
εҡҡͷҶǧǰһŴϵı룬һʱ侹Щ㱣ƺȱˣĺأֻԼԾƫƫԼ֪ȥȡһĴܸڶҶģ̌ͷȷʥŮԾ
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Ҷǧε̾һ̶ЩŭĿڵһŮӣѵ˺ɣ
룬ջǽذ׽һʮ־ذף滹ǶĸɫʯǷĵ棬Ҳһѿ쵶ɡ
ҶǧذףŴذף͵´ȥ˾ٿŻңҪֻҶǧ󴦲ϵðʺѪҺ
Ҷǧ佫ԼѪյ˱ߣһΡΡ֮ǰ˫ҶǧѪȾͨ죬Ҷǧҧҧһ˵ģۣƭġ
УĲ֪ôˣ˵ֻʥŮԾ㣬˼ȥҲʣѪˣܲȥɣ˵ģҶǧԼҲ֪Ϊʲôľ˵С˵Ӱɡǲô˵㣬ѹɣ


һʮ ιѪ

վһһ𺳵Ҷǧ䣬һֱΪŮӶǵСӮġû뵽ҶǧΪ˵£顣ʱҶǧҵУͬһŮ˺ܴĲࡣ
Ҷǧеĺ뽥˷Ӧֻü΢壬ҲʼʵĶҶǧһ¶һ˿΢ЦһŵĿǰ˲١
룬㻹áҶǧѯʣֻȻ۾˫ͨħһ㣬ֱǰһסҶǧѪ󣬷߿ʼ
Ҷǧ䱻ͻĶһæסԼ졣ʮҶǧĿԸоѪҺϵĴԼʧͷѾ˺ϵ¶ҹ˿𽥽͡룬ѵѪ
һԵʶĺ£
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뻺գգ۾ֻһŻȼգҲ֮ڵĽƺѾƽҡôˣٴʱеɺ֮Ȼ˲٣뻷һȦ˻Ƶʵңģ
£߾ˡһص
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Ǳ𣿡ΪҶǧϱӣƺңֺʡ
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˵ʲôתͷĿҡ
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æ˵Ϣŭֻ˵ôһ䣬֪ᡭҽסΪ֪ٶĽҲˡ
ǱҶǧ䣬˫۽յʱüԵüȡ״̾һѹԸȥԺԼȥͽ취ɡ
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˵䣬Ŀʼû뿪Ҷǧ䡣ϧϵƣ룬Ǹȴ㡣
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һʮ 춨ĴԽŮ

˵Ҹһţ˰ҩҽӹҩַ˷䡣£ǿ֮ǰԸҩѹ³Ҷǧ䣬Ĳ
ǣȥɡ
ǡҽҩڴԵϣתˡ
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뽫ҶǧᱧԼ˫ĺϣԼĪ˰ʱҶǧ佥˷ӦȻʮ㲣չѹˡƣһգҶǧʱȥֱֱԵ˱뻳С
С䣬ôԽԽ˰~ۺ磬Ц
ոЩҶǧ䣬ԴЩǣϷŰɳµҪȻǽӵøˣһͷ˵С䣬лл㡣
ҶǧȻһһʱ侹ȻЩˣûĻոԼлѽ~ʧѪֻþ˰ɡҶǧ˿޶ټϱҲֻǻûʲôľٶ˼ȥҲͷˡʱĹѾЩ谵ˣĻйҩĿɬζ
ҶǧԼҩģ㳶˳䣬ڵҰҩ~
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֪ǲԼѪ⣬ź˵ı룬ȻʮڵΪҶǧæǰæ󣬲óǵһЩ˸ƣһιҶǧԷ˵ıιȥĶࡣ
Ҷǧ俿ڴİ۹⿴űæµӰһδΪԼʧѪ˻þ˵ģıĺĺȱ
ҹҶǧ侹ЩգſԼһֱʪ·ԭɡǲ֪ôֵģֻŶȥҶǧ˼ʱջϰﱧ·Ķһĵ˽ϰСһͰˮ
գҶǧʮֲԸϰź£һˮ裬ֻ˸ɾ·ʱֻˣֻǶһĶϰһƬҶӣСطôĲϵϲ֮Ա
ʰ궫ߺҶǧſڵ⣬㡮¡Ʋ¶û
ҶǧǳĿǱȴЦʮֿģСΪҵ𣿲ĺˣ޸֮ҵĶ㣬ҵġ
ԺƤı룬Ҷǧʵ²ۣת˯ˡԾǣȴʮְһԴ˵̣ûٳôľٶҶǧ˴ޣյóһۣѵ˵ʥŮǿ԰ѻ˱ɺˣ
һ˾㼸ҪȥҶǧ䣬վţ֦ҶţͷһؿĵȰϰ죬˵ʵҲСӲģҲͦÿģϴ޸Ҳ˵ˣϴɹ̫ӵӣҲǲϲ˵ǾͱϹˡϴҲǸˣԼԿġ
˾ӣһĳأţĻҲ֪ûȥЭţҪһ̳ƼСˣʹʹĺһҹһҹһҹȥһиóľҪ÷ֵıҪˡ


һʮ ˣī

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ǰʻţҶǧʧѪԭԵ˶ʮƣ㲡ͬǴӿջ󣬱һֱϻجج˯ţҲʮʶûдΰѼѾغϵĵص㣬ɽؿڡ
ؿڱɹˣɽǸϿȣشƫƧ˲ࡣӭ׶غϣ㶼ӿ˲ǸոؿڣδؿڴŽաһͣҶǧȻˣʱҵ洫£ıɡ
ŶüһҶǧһ˯ʵӣȻδ״
պƴӹ¥ӭӣڴ˹¶ա
ǸЦ滢ģôѵ˵ʥʲôҪ£ҪԸ𣿡
պ֮һЦȭ˵ЦˣԸ̸ϣҪ˵Ҫ£һ
ʱɹЦȻȻ׵ڡ
ģҹΨһλȵ۵ϲԶһʱӦˣؾϸѡ˼λԱͬһǰɹչ˿պƻ䣬߳һһŮ˳ͨԼĪʮ꣬һãȻԵʮ޺
ЦʥϿǷˣת棬ɹԲǵĿУŮˣȻչˡ˾ͲҪˣ򿪹ؿڣĪҪ˴üա
òԶҶǧ潫ǵĻҲ˸߰˰ˣƿһ϶һպվǸŮĵûмǸеĲӰҶǧһƺʲôɫƿӣ΢ЦһɫķպƿڵˣǶλǻʵ۸һͬȥɹ𣿡
Ҷǧĳƺ˷պϣֻɫһɣҶǧصؿĻǡ
ҶǧУ΢΢һЦű˵£ѵûʵ۸绹ǵã檳ɹһȫµİȻ಻㣬мչţҲȻ㲻١˵¹Ҵ󣬶Ȼɡ
΢ЦĿҶǧ䣬Ŀȴ˼ֲΣȻС䶼˿ڣĻоܾءʱѹЩɡ˵ձת
ĻڱȻǾǶ˹ϵУҶǧҲԵʮֳ谮ҶǧȻһƤ񡣶һϳûпҶǧһۣһ㣬ҶǧҲһԣȥˡ
صŻӭ׵Ķ黺ǰҶǧ͸ķ϶߲ϱ任ķ羰һĪıӿͷˣ~ˣī껡


һʮ ӭɹ

ʱ£ǿ͵ļڡչĿʮȡ
۳ڿĹٵϣٹһؿڱܵɹˡ֮ǰѾ˷ѵ̫ʱգڲòӿŲٵ˳ظڽܵɹڡ
ҶǧѾ˲٣ɻǺȡҪǸִǱȻǴſյȿ㣬ڼűϡٿڣ˿ʹسȹ⴩ɳҲԼܣʱˣʱզ찡
Ҷǧֱӣȷ磬ڼϷʼ뿴üҶǧ䣬ڵС䣬𣿡
ѵú𣡡ҶǧεķһǰۣǺ⣬ͣȷĶתͷ̽ԵʵĲ𣿡
ۺίƲƲ죬еأҪСҵůɣ˵űҶǧ
ҶǧܿűĿһ֮ϮҲܹأҶǧҲӣֱһشôȻյð¾ƫͣȻҲմ⡣ɽƻ𣬿ȴ紺ʡ
Ҷǧͷ͵һ۱룬֪ԼĿԣȻЦǣҶǧæӣβѡ
дһ˿磬ֻ˵ȵɹܴˡ
¡ҶǧէʱͷϵĵһͷǣⱱĪִʲôأתһ룬ԼѾϵδˣʲô⣬Ҳġ
˵ⱱ˵˵һ컬ģôʱȴûжԼʲôľٶī껣Ʋʳ˼̻ʵȴ軵軵ġҶǧһæҡҡͷԼôīأǵġ
벻ʱҶǧ䣬ֻһСϣʱʱʱᣬȻԹԵҡͷѲʧѪˣַסҶǧԴС䣬ôˣɱҰ~
ҶǧЦԼԴѳɫԱŲŲڵûû£ǾЩ~˵űΪȣΪԼ
뻷Ÿ첲һɵĿεҶǧ䣬Ҳûʲô
ڣ׵Ķʱ֣ؿڽ뵽ɹ߾ߵ˲֪εõţһı˳ſڡӭ׶鵽Ϊ׵һλӣؿڣϥȥкŹӭ̫ӵ£ȻҲȥ
£ǻص䳤šվڳ˵
ƿӣ̧䳤ˡ˵Ҳ𣬱ַӡ
£ѱ˸ɾķ䣬ȥЪЪš˵գ·
׵Ķ鲻һ氬ţνġᡱ
˳ҶǧҪȥʱֻԣԼʮʿһֻ֣΢Ц˵С䣬ӭɹ~˵ֶһĨζЦݡ
˵ģЦݸԹƻġҶǧЦ£ֵݵСĴҶǧĻ񣬿ڳƺѾΪʱ
Ҷǧ䲻ɵְһǵģԼʱ㻨˰


һʮ С䣬

ˣҶǧҲֻǣԼǰһ˫Ӷȫİĵط
һҶǧȫΧķ羰עΧЩľ֦ҶïΧ˲֪ʻԶòģΧƻͨһȴ顣˵Ÿ֮ͬ𣬶С£ϥĶȹųţ忴ζ
ٿԼȹôôȡһһټڣ͵ضһмҾһĲȣȥҶǧ䲻Щգ˵ģ˸Ķϵ֮⣬Щ̵Ŀһʶ
ƺҶǧľȣ΢΢һЦʼΪҶǧ俴۸ı룬вⷺһֵĸоʱҪҶǧ俴ﻨ̵Ĳȣ̧ͷһı룬ֻ΢Цл¡
аáСЩˣҪԵ㰡~һ⣬⽫ҧĸأԵʮ
˵Ŀ⣬ҶǧҲ÷ֻƤЦⲻЦĻص࣬Ӧõġݺݵҧһеɫʳ˵ʵȻ֪ʲôζġ
ϯ䣬Աһԣһ𾪵ű롣ɹ֪̫ӵǣɹŮеĽ󡣿ⱱһֱδҶûУָֻļůѾͷŴ˵̫ӵ˽£ң󹬵Ůʤ˯Ů˾ԲڶΡ
ۿ̫ӵ¶۰мӣʱŲ˻ɡѵ˵ⱱеרӣۣɻ󣬱ʾ졣
գҶǧڰŵĴ£һ䲼þӣ֮ĻмλŮװƺͬԼ׹ġϷΪȵԭļҾҲΪҶǧһӿʼܰһԣҲ˵
ЩŮǼҶǧĬԣƱǸǵҶǧⶫ½һԣզһƺеϸֲ
Ҷǧϣ˵ֵˮ˵˶ûУвЩįǰţ˾˶Ҳ֪ûлȥҪȥɹʹˣͬĹϵ൱Ѿ飬ɻûʽһǵ˻ʹһоҪˡ
룬ͬ޸룬ͺԼһ˯ѺͻȻŵһûɣûԭ򡣻ˣԼЩ֣ΪʲôԼľͺͻȻܿһ㡣뵽⣬ؿںֿʼҶǧһԭϻʵǸ׹ڷȡ
Ϊ˲ʹЩŮɣҶǧֻװ£ƽһ飬һ׹ӱûзȡ
ҹʱ֣ҶǧŮź£ϴһ衣һ£Ҫϴʱվһ˿㣬ϴ𡭡ЩŮǣҶǧô˵ߣ΢Щڵأ˵ʲô˵ҪūǴ粽ĺչţҪȻūС
һ˵ҶǧΡգҲֻЭˡϴ֮ŮΪҶǧ任һС˿ʺɫ¡ƺɹеķΣȶǶֱִ̺ܶԳЩϵҲ¶Щ࣬ҲһСĵ׿㣬͵һЩִǵĵ׿㡣
˴ϣҶǧŽŮȫˡȥЩ۳۵ԵʣֻǸаá²ú˯ˣһҹΡ


һٰʮ ϲ

ǵشϷԭ̫ĸЩɫһȺŮ׹˷ǺҶǧĿ£ʼϴױ硣
ɹȻҪɹķΣԴҶǧҲû顣˵ʵɹķװҪǻĻԳƵǲ֪߳ܣ°ܻ˰ɡ
ɫ˿ĶСض£ɴʵĸ㣬仹űʯ滹һ˿Ʊߵıɴ硣ûͷ⣬忴˰ŮҶǧͷԼϴŵСС壬ʱּүҰƵĴ
ŮǾȻΪҶǧһУԼĪһʱңҶǧ㷢ŮǸ顣ū澼ŮˣһλŮ޵˵
ҶǧԴԽһԼһʱЩԡɻǰžеԼһʱҲЩˡ
еŮ£׾ļںɴĳ£ԽԵӨ𪡣ӯӯһյϸڱɴ֣üɽĵһ˫ĵԽʶĿ촽ݣͷϻõܻһԵ崿͸һ˿ġ
ɹŮӼʽСɫǷҶǧˣƤ׾Ů֮١ҶǧĶŮӣɹķʱ˵ıζ
ʱŮֽһͷһĳɴҶǧͷϣɴᱡ˵ǲģһΪҶǧһ˵
Ⱥ򣬴װҶǧʱʮЦˣСԽԽɹŮˡ
ͬһҶǧ俴ʱҲЩȡ⻹ͷһοɹĻװ磬ص½мÿĽɫ𣬳ֻڷβͷϻһһĶϱ볬ߵֵէһȷͯ߳ӡ
Ҷǧ߽΢΢һЦС䣬ȲҪȢˡ
űЦĻӣҶǧȻеӿ죬޴֮СֱָоƺûͣϢһֻСҴܣؿڵ׹Ҳʼȣ˵˼ʼܿơ뱱ʶһÿһ˲䣬ʼһһطš
аǹڵ·ԣȸԾĹӭűԼӴӭ׶顣ҶǧڽУ˺þòŽƽϢˡ˸ؿڣһʱЩ㱡
Ļζǰʱʱ©һ죬Ҷǧ͸϶ĿǰϵһĨӢͦˣͷֱֱԼҶǧһСһæĿת˱𴦡ͷӿһָоѵ˵Լϲ˱룿
Ҷǧѵ¶Ľ֮ɫʱãϵЦҲԽˡС䣬ڰ˶𣿿еϲ֮лδ϶ãƺʲôϵЦ⽥䵭һ˫ȻҲһ˿⡣Ϊʲôõ㣬ջְ취һ죬֪񣬻ɶЦ绨𡭡


һٰʮһ 

һ·ϵĹ۲죬ҶǧΪʮǰɹҪˡɹʷḻнĻɫΨһһǹСǳ÷չȥֻչˡ
Ҷǧ𣬴˴κ׵оһǹ黹ǳءɹ͹ٹ黹ǳءҶǧʱб㷸ֹɹԸ֮׵ĹҾΪ˸̫ȢϱҲ̫Ѫ˰ɣҶǧܾʲôԾģ벻ĲԾ
ʱʻɹǣʥƳǡһǣһֵֻΧ˻ȸԾİաǺƸ߹ңӳӭ׵ĵ·
ߵڰ֮ϣһ㲻ʱԵİǻӻ֡ɹΪţвٴ󵨵ŮеҶǧֺЦֺҲֻ㬵ķš֪ǲԵʣҶǧʱýͷƵģҲЩƵġ
ӭ׵Ķִʳǣ¥ϵӭӵĺŽǡҲͣŮǰӣҶǧŵıɳ׼³һѱ
ѽҶǧ侪һ漴§ס˱Ĳӡ˾ٶǰӭӵĹԱǣһϷЦ
뱧ҶǧȲǰټĹӭŻĵƹ⣬ĲԽͿҶǧһС©һģָоӿͷܹ޸룬ҲԵ°ɡ
ͷһеļԼƺ״벻ɵãŲԽֱŽҶǧǣ֣һ߽ͬ
һʱͬһĸоɹĻʹûкǽƬƬ۹שߣէһͬˮһ㡣ͷһҲù⻬ĴʯƣҶǧΪķװԿΪˣ˹羵ĵ棬ȹӣķ羰޺ð
УһһŮϡӿԼʮ£پǷüͬ뻹мƣضɹĻʵඡŮݴ飬ǽĿһֱڱϡ
μʡĸ󡣡ߵıп
ɹҶǧ仹һ֪״̬Ϊ˲ջϥڵСŮҶǧ䣬ʥϻʺ󡣡
ɹĻʵŴһҶǧ䣬ߵĻʺЦſڵǧǰɣЩ۳ۿۻ˰ɡ޸ͲˣԺļңʲô˵ĸ˵
˽𶼻ʳǵĶթܵԳĹģҶǧʱиеůůģŻʺһͰЦݣҶǧҲ΢Цлʺġ
ʱʵҲ˿ڣɣҲˣЩȥЪŰɡϤϤڻھͶڰʮ壬ԲҲǸӡ
ʮ壬ʮʣµ˰
Ƕиˣ򸸻ĸʺá˵ձקҶǧ뿪˴
ﰡһûǸأ಻òճţҶǧ㿪ڵ
һᣬϷŰĿҶǧ䣬ôͽǵԼĸ˰С֪
㣡ҶǧʱֻýĿƳ𴦣ɱԼǰߡ


һٰʮ ʦ

Ҷǧһ⣬ĹĻʹһͨǾǴƺޱ߼ʵĴʱ䣬ⶼѾ˽ʱˣȻûط
ڣҶǧ߹һšɽƣСˮŸ߸߹ĹƿȥͥԺһС·ȥŮؾصԳ񣬿ӦþĿĵˡ
ڴʱǰһӰֻһ£ȨȣƺȺҹҪڡ
Ųһ٣ĽҶǧ˲ءĿڵʦˣô⣿
ʦҶǧȻһԭǴ˵صĹʦһȻдʦ緶ֻ˵ĸоеɭɭģ˸ֲ
ʦǰƮԣҶǧ俴ƮֱڵصϲʥŮ
˵ԼʥŮһ㣬Ҷǧƺ֣߶߶һˣ˵ʲôҲ˵áҶǧеֵǣͺǴ˷Ʈһܸеƺһֺ˷ܵĿ⿴Լָо˵ϵĹ죬˲
ʦˣɫҪű˵𣿡Դһ˿벻͡
£ɲһŮˣҪ嶯ʦôһ仰󣬱뿪ˡ
ٶȣֱǳСҶǧ䱾ڹʦľȵУѾ˹С
磬⻬Ĵʯذȵļٴ˵֮⡣ﲼûɼƷ̧ͷһҶǧŷ֣ǽϰŵƺҹ飡Ҷǧ䲻̾ɹĻʼݳ޵˼㰡
һǲɢеŮߺתҶǧļ򣬵ЩϢûб׼㲻ߡ𣿡г˵УҶǧֶɵĽ˽
Ҷǧ䲻ױȻ⻰˼ѵҪԼҶǧʱɫһĿ˱֡룬ʲô˼ѾӦ޸ˣȻ׷ڣΪλҪң
üżֳݣɳһ΢Цֻֽ̧Ҷǧͷɴժ£ǰ鷢С䣬~ȥ档ôܶ˸ô졣
ȱһģһݣҶǧʵ˶̾һתȥʲôعͷڵˣһΪأ
һ΢ЦŻص
ŶҶǧӦһתȥ䣬ٻͷкӿһָܣվǱ룬䲻ȱġ
ĲҲݻһŴԲڷУ滹źɫɴʡ»žĲ˹̺߻һС߽һм档
ҶǧսãŵرѾ뿪ˡ˰ΣӰŮӹȻ˽뻹ûƭԼ
С塢īӰͬŮӣݵ
ǿɣҲϲһ͹ţԺҲһɻķΣ֪ǲϰ˵ԭҶǧʱǶ˿˳ۡ
л
ҶǧһԵϣƽĿڵʲôҪ°
ǶʥİΣġӰ忪ڵ
ŶҶǧüһðɣ֪ˣȥɣҺܰȫ
˻һϵ©ɫ߰ɡī˵
˯ϲţȥɡҶǧЩá
ֻȥҶǧŮǵź£ϴϣ˴ϡڼ䣬ӰͬīһֱҪҶǧ䣬Ҷǧʼղǻᡣ
ҹʱ֣ҶǧͬĹʱЩƣôô˯ԭ⹬ǽ˰񣬰غҹỺȥŮǡءҹ󣬱㱻Ҷǧ䡮롯˳ȥ
ټĴϣںҹڸ£Ҷǧвⷺһ˿ɬī껣ģĽɽɡ


һٰʮ 

ڶ磬Ҷǧ㱻Ůǻ𴲣ҶǧƺѾϰˡŮǵķ£ɻɹķװֻһǰɫġźһλŮΪԼͷɴһͷɴҶǧҪˡǱ㵭Ŀʵȥģ
Ļ԰㡣һλŮص
Ů˹Ҷǧŷ֣Լ챻ŽĲͥԺĺţǰԺƺǱĹҶǧһʱЩ⣬Ȼסôﲻһߡ
ҶǧŮĴ£ǰȥӰīҲβ԰ʱ
ƹţҰȻʣȻĲݵأҰȴľϻϡ仹ʧ͸Ҷķ϶ڲݵϣͬɢһصˮ鱦Ҷǧһʱ侹Щˣû뵽ݻĹ֮УȻôһԭ̬ľ
¾ǰءŮϹϾĿڵ˼ǲԼˣҶǧ⡣ӰҪģǻδڣҶǧ㿪ڵҲɡ
˵գҶǧż⣬ŻĲǰȥԼϲⰡ˲һᣬ㿴еǼСݡкܴһƽ̨ƽ̨ϵϣҡȡֻһϮ£īڼϣǵϣԶԶȥһλɭ·ӡ
Ҷǧûз֣Լ¶һŮ黳顣Ҷǧ佥ŻĲӣŽżӲݵ߹ߡƺûзҶǧĵ˫ۣҡȡ
ҶǧʱĴĵ࣬Ԥһ¡ڴʱȻ۾ЦСҪѽ
ûûôǿǲ˯ˡҶǧæƿӣװƹȥһԵϡ
״ЦԽˣȴԼŵ㸴ӵĸо
С䣬ϲ𣿡Ҷǧʵ
˴ǡÿԿҰԼԶʵСϪҶǧ۴һȦ˵ͷɫǲġɹһаһ첻õǹ£Щʱɽˮ
ΪҶǧһ裬ΪԼһơڱĿǰС俪ĲҪġ
ҶǧεķһǰۣſʯϻˮģƺǷһŵġҶǧյĴ죬ʱЩ
ôôȵ컹ҪŵľƣҶǧ俪ʵ
΢΢һЦǰҪˣ~ɲȵŶ˵ţһ˱еơ
ȵģôܣҶǧŻƺûԤеȣֱĸоʲôưҶǧĿžƺ
óһֻ񱭣ΪҶǧ䵽һǱƣ㳢
Ҷǧ䱧Żɵ̬ȶǰľƱĴУʱȵļʲ١һһ֮˳ֱ£ֱθв֮Сгӵ㣬͵ľ㡣УٺһƣʱֻΪĸܡ
ζû뵽»Ǹ֮˰ҶǧԵ۵
Ʋ㴼м顣΢΢һЦעҶǧ䣬б㺡
컬࣡Ҷǧ䷭һǰۣȴһΡ
ٴΪҶǧһٷ¾ƺһ˲䣬ĿڵС䣬ŰҰɡңұˣҲḺ㣡


һٰʮ 

Ҷǧ֦һ٣һžӨ֦˳Ʊ˵¡Щ㶵һı룬ҶǧļУǱе档ˣ仰˵Ҷǧһʱ侹֪λش
ʵڤڤ֮Լڱûų⣬ԼУƺѾʼˡֻĪ㺣Ҷǧ仹ǳɵģΪȷԼǲǽȱ
뵽⣬ҶǧĿ̾һ̧ͷ΢΢һЦƱ£һĺϲⰡԺҿɲԳ
ҶǧӱԼ⣬ҲδƱҶǧͷʾȻˣֻҪСϲ
Խô˵ҶǧԽܡԭȣΪ֮УΨīԼõġǺ룬һоͺǰźõһ㡣벻ͬһʼʶͺһ⡣
ī껻ȱⶼѾȥˡԼҲʱ򳨿飬ȥһЩˡҶǧͻһЦű˱еľơҲգ뾡ôϧǰǡ
ҶǧƺΪ˸һƱűһЦô˵һǵҪлл㡣ллܳҵУлл㲻ΣңллȱĻҶǧȻ˵ڵġ
˵գƱһȴС䣬ˬվǾƣȶǻġ
Ҷǧƿ֣ЦЦһлľܹҪȵģһֻԸԺ۷ʲô£¶ܶЩ
ЦֱֱҶǧ䣬һ˫Ȼг棬˷뿪ߣκ£Ȼġ˵գ˱еľơ
ҶǧֱܿĿ⣬žƱе΢΢֮Цһ˱еľơֵǣⱭƺЩŨҡոպȥмѣ֮УѵԼˣҶģ̌ҵӣƺֱмһ㵣ǣһԼѾʡˡ
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ʦʲôۿҶǧֵĹʦ
ʦǰݱڸǵʵʵģ顣Ǵ˿̵˾ЦЩ˯߹ưˣ²ؾšµױʮˣʱǲˡ
ü壬Ҷǧ䣬תȥĽҶǧϺ󣬲ת˳
ƵĽȷʲôѹʵ
ʥŮ֮ѪǼģǿģȴġһͷѪڵĽƣȻ˥ʦ˵
ͷѪüͷĸˣҪԼµȥ֡
Ѿûˡ
ʲôʲô˼׷ʵ
ʦתȨȵ֣΢΢һתڵûĻѾʥŮѪ𣿵ڵĽƱʥŮѪʱѹƣȻʱڲʲô⣬ֻҪٴѣǳ׵ķˡʱѾӦʥŮѪͷѪȻûˡ
΢΢һ㶣ͷ˯Ҷǧ䡣ʦ˵оȻһתһ룬Լֻǵˣ漴ԿЦҲգʣµܹԼһ˺Ҳͦãͦá


һٰʮ ĸо

תΪԼһƣϸϸƷšٴθֳһĨŵȻЦݣֻв͵Ŀʵʦ˴ǰΪ˵ڽ𣿡
Ҳ¼ࡣͷѪɣǿͷⰡʦصӭŹ⣬ԼԿµһͷ׷
һһʵʦ˻⣿
ȡͷۻƾҹ֮ҹʱ֮ʱʳ֮ҩ˵䣬ʦҲƺ̧ͷ￴ۡ
žƱֽֽʹùǽڴЩסһ˱еľƣü΢ζû
ܹ黹Ҫϲ£Ͼܰѽˡʦ˵ձȥǸֻͷڣ̶ֿڵû뵽ջӰ˵գתȥ
еľƱӦ飬ʦָȻǶһ£ʵҲеһ֪жôĺڣҪǻŮӣƤ̧һ¡Ҷǧ䣬ôһλŮӰԽԽԼˣѾõҲָ˾ΥĶ
һֱֵҲʼѷ졣ҲһԼͬ˲һҪǿԣôӵҶǧ䣬һɽáо֣䣬ȻµıƬȵÿ֨֨졣
Ҷǧ񾲵˯ʱϵ֮ʱȥ˲١Ŵ£Ҷǧȵĺкӿһ־ΥС
̾һдЩӡֻóȣҶǧص˼£˯Ҷǧü΢壬Ҫˡ
Ҷǧ仺˯ֻۣеԴЩΣԼľѵͲֵز
С䣬˰ҶǧЦ˵
űһε飬Ҷǧ䲻Сһ죬΢΢Щȡ۾ΪԼ绤һûӦɹľˮأӦˣٺȣ
ҶǧԴЦ˵С䣬ҪǵãӽԺֻܸҺȡСռ˱ȥǿˣ
Ҷǧ౻ĶͷͷڻǷ~ȴһĨ۵Ц⡣
ˣҲûȥˣʺĸ󻹵ء˵űȥ
ҶǧҲűȥһ˲䣬ҶǧļԼո˯ʱһΡԼƺһͷ׷ӣֻһ¸ݣ߽һӺı˱롣ֳֻ˳ָףرԼĿڡ
֪ΪΣһ˲䣬ȻҲǵΣǸոտıӰȻּҶǧڱӲͦıӰ˽Ųϸ룬ԼƺԽԽܿƵҪԼҲƺԽԽϲһˡ
뵽⣬оǳһֻӣڲϵ䶯ءָодĸоҶǧһСһ죬һĨǳЦ첽˱Ĳ
õ飬ӰҶǧˣոǸֵҲ׵Ժ


һٰʮ ԰ϲ 

ڻʺĹõģһٷҶǧԼ˶ˡһȥǽӲӵߣǼǧİĴ
óӿԼĸĸϲӽŵڣʺһֱһЦݣ˳ŶҶǧҲһͰѵõĹػҶǧȻǲŵġһֱĸӴ磬ŻصԼס
뿪ӰīڰͲסˣֹģҶǧǲɢŮ
ʲô˵ɡҶǧϣϵ񱭡
Ӱǰһп˿ڣʥϴ˵֪ӦӦĳʳ񣿡
Ҷǧ΢΢һϵıһôͨʺ򰡣ΪȴǰᡣҶǧ²豭΢΢һЦ˵߻֣ҺܺãĪ˵ձȥˡ
˵ʵҶǧҲ㲻ԼˡЩʱ뱱̫Լī껵ʱҲԽԽˣǵʱʱʱ룬ԼӦףжĳɷִ˶ءҶǧҡҡͷ򿪴żϦɫ̾һĲܿƵָоǲð
ʱ뼸ÿ춼ŻĴҶǧ䶫䡣ǰڣҶǧ䶼ǸصصıϷǼٵġʮĹټɹʹ˸顣Ҷǧ䲻ò̾ȻĹ
εǣ壬ӰīҶǧī껵ĴĻܼ𣬼ʺǰ㡣ǵĿҲ֪īڵȷæ󵽹ԱСůÿһھľ
ò˵īһλʮĵˣߵȷֺ̤ʵİȫСû¼ԼĻһɡȻ룬ȴǰ˳䲻⣬˾ϲһǳ˼顣
뵽⣬Ҷǧ䲻ɵַһĨ۵΢ЦȴЦԼԭԼҲͬЩŮһ㣬ϲֳϲ
Щ죬ʹѾʼ׼Ķˡӣֻʣˡ죬ŮǻһѲƥɴҶǧѡЩĲƥҶǧһʮѡ
ڵѾԽԽˣҶǧ伸ԸţӰ죬ҶǧҲԼ˯ñЩ
ҹʮ֣Ҷǧ䱾˯Щ˯˯ȴŮ˵ǵ԰Ⱥ
Ҷǧ䲻Щʣôˣ԰ԼȻɻ󣬿Ҷǧȥ԰
ϷҹȻҪࡣ쵽԰ʱŮͣ˽Ų˵ţԼȥ˵Ůȥ
ⱱ룬ϵĲ˯ָʲôأӵʣҶǧȥ԰
չ԰ĹţҶǧʱԭأС·ԵϣһյС߽һԭөֵõİȥݵҲľۼ˲ө棬ҫ£ʹ԰ԽԵλ


һٰʮ ԰ϲ 

΢΢ŲŲݵϵөʱ赽˿У˾Ǻһ㡣Ҷǧ˾ȵӣ̽ԵָЩС顯өɲǼɵøˣҶǧ̾Ժвдǵ˯⣬Ҳȫǰ׳ۼ˾⡣
ҶǧֵİΣļǱ˽ԼģҲûӰҶǧֻ÷ө׷ż·ߣǰȥ
ǰֻصݣҲװһܶúɴΧһȦſڻ߸߹ſڵϻڷˮģΨ롣
顯һһ졣Ҷǧתȥֻըټ̻ʮɫɷǺÿţϿһһѤõ̻Ҷǧ˶ԭأԭƼĹŴ̻
ʱǰһӰֻһ覵ۣЦݣҶǧ߽
ϵ̻ûͣϢǲ֪ΪΣʱѤõ̻ȫλɫӵıеԽԽòġ
֪̻̫ѤǴ̫ȻҶǧ俴ڱߵףûзӦ
С䣬ϲ𣿡ĿǯųЦ⣬ʵ
ҶǧŷӦ̧ͷ۱룬ʱű̻ҪѤҶǧ䷢ĵ¶һõ΢ЦţҺϲ
Ѥõ̻һһţƺֹܻө档£ӶЦ˸
һ̣ҶǧԼģԼûнȱԼġǵģ룬룬ѾϲˣϲҪࡣҶǧǰס˱룬Цš
΢΢һ㶣ҲסҶǧ䡣һ̣ĵõǰδе㣬ȴЩӡҶǧ˵С䣬лл㣬Ը޸ҡ
ҶǧţЦŻصлл㣬ΪЩ
£뻺ͷҶǧ°ͣһſȻϴϣҶǧ俿
˿̣ҶǧһֻС¹ⱼڣȻױҪʲôɲǼ˿ߣ˫ۣ΢΢̧°͡״һϲҶǧ䣬촽
ϴ΢ĴУҶǧһȵļ΢ĴУǰδе顣
ôҶǧ˫űͷ˿ҶǧıݣĶС׷ϷҶǧȳ˽ţҲӦʹһǣԽ೤
ܵ˵Ӧͣ뱧Ҷǧ˫ٴν˽ļǡֱ˵ĺʼңĳҲ˱仯Ϊ˲˺Ҷǧ䣬żΪնһǡ


һٰʮ ೤

̻֪ʱѾֹͣΧө滹ǲ֪ƣķ裬װһҹ
뻺ƿҶǧ䣬һֿҶǧʱͷȥһĨδһֱ쵽˶ȻûдӸո೤л
ҲòȥĿ䣬ȻѾȾ˼֮ɫԼǵŮӣ˵ǲΪ鶯ǿ϶ǼٵġеֵǣոһǣڵĽƾȻûзӦǱ£ԼڵĽָʲôʱѣӶҶǧ䡭벻Ҽε̾һڵĳ嶯Ҳʱ˲١
̧ͷһŷ֣Ҷǧǻһ˿ɵľӨҺ塣գһڸոƽϢ˵ԡֿʼȼˡһ˳ָΪҶǧĲ˲ǡ
΢ָ⻮˫Ҷģ̌Ŀ롣һŷֱĿ䣬ޱߵĺڶ˶·Ҫ˽ȥΧө㣬ͷƸ߹ңҶǧĿű룬Ƴ
Ҷǧ䲻֪˿̵ԼжôˡһС͸ۣмŵˮԵøˣ˫챥͸˵ĺӣң˴ߡ
ͷǼűǼ⣬˵С䣬ţ뱾⣬ǰȹ»֮ҹˡͳȻ
ҶǧȻһŻɫһ죬æĻͷ˿¸߹ҵաȿȡ~ɫҲˣҡǻЩȥϢɣ
ҶǧһȻЩ״Ρñ벻ɵЦЦС˼˵һϢ𣿡뽫Ƕ֣ҧĸء
ǣҶǧæת͵˵ɫˣҶӦȥϢˣҶǧֽԼĻһ顣
һЦǰҶǧͷĻصãǻȥϢ˵գԾǣҶǧ裬Թ˵ǰȥ
ҶǧεЦЦ֮ǰеһֻС¹ƺϢһ룬һڲ֪ƣıš
뵹ǽҶǧͻعˣȥıӰҶǧ䵹мֲͷӿӦʱʱæܻͷ˯ȥˡһҹҶǧɵ˯ţǰԺǲܿƵһһĻط뱱ĹʱΣʱϲʱۡ
գҶǧҲû뵽ӰľȻϢ˾дģϤıʼʱһʱ侹Щˡ
˾˵ţԼº󣬱̻ʱ䣬Ĵ£չҲ㲻´ɺܺãרҸ󿴲ҲԽԽˡ
ϻ˵ӭ׶ִ߾ʱ򣬴˶ȥǿˡ֪Լܼ޸ɹ̫̫ܸˡ͸Ļ»û죬˵Լڰ졣
ҶǧͷβһЦݣǺ۾ɵѾͷȻˣô˵˵ء֪ǵϢҶǧչõġ
Ƕ룬ī껵ɹʹڣ⴫Ϣɼ˵һߣ
ſ˱˰ɣ𲻱Ҫ鷳ī˵
ҶǧͷĿеţв̣ջǽŽīȥջˡԺòһ£ͨԼȥһˡ


һٰʮ ľż

һԵ¯Ϊ˻ҽҶǧв⸡һĨį֮ǵõʱԼҪ֪˵ı磬ʵ֤Ҷǧ䵱ѡûд
ԼվǱ˵ʱŵԣǸĵ峿ԼŴļ򣬶˵Լһֽ޸󡣿ת۹ȥ˴꣬Լûлȥ봺ԽԶˡãԼҲҵԼϲˣ
뵽⣬Ҷǧ䲻иһĨЦݡֻһĵĿڵī԰һæ𣿡ҶǧϵĿī
ī΢΢һȭˣʿкηԸ
ҶǧЦŻصҵļױ㶫ȥ𣿡
¶ĶΪīϹϾĻصҶǧ鲻ī˵ʵϷԸˣ㲻ز飬аš
ϻ˵ǿˣ͡ͻȥɣīһ˫ǿ۾ȻϺͿ֮䷢ʲôó֮Ĺϵ
⻰ʵʾ⣬ǿԴǵ̬һֱ䲻ȡƺǵ̬ҲЩī˼Ǵϵ˼
ȻҶǧ⻰ʱЦһж˼ָӡīȴҲû˵ʲôת˳ȥ
治֪ʱꡣϷǶģǰһ̻һܲЩҶǧȻѾӦˣǴ˿ˢˢвЩ
ī껰ī껣㵹ΪΣԶûǿܳܵİҶǧԽ룬ԽƵġȻԼѾѡ˱룬ôһҪī˵
Ҷǧò˾ģһͷŷ֣īѾˣӰҲڡҪֻȵˡҶǧ䶨ǲԸ˺ī껵ģҲϣҸ
ڽϰףҶǧͬҲͲټˡǺҶǧ䳹׹׳Ա˯˯˳ԣԼҲףΪԼ˯ԽԽࡣ
ȴմڹʦû֪ʲô
ʦǰˣЦˣ£Ѿ˼Ҫ֪ƵĽⷨΪⰡ
һ壬˵ϻ˵Ҫʲôܽⷨ
ʦȨڱǰⲽʮСʦվڱǰȵĿڵִڶƵĽⷨѲϲʥŮ
ûпڣڹʦĬˡ
ѵǸڶƵ£ѾͷֻԽԽ㣬¹˶ãͻľżһ㣬ʦԹԵ˵ƺȫûע⵽Խɫ
ڹʦ˵Щ֮ǰȻǲ֪ġֻЩŮ˵ҶǧԽԽ˯ʱĿʱʱҲڴ״̬ģĹżһ顣֪ƻʹɰʩ߲٣Ҳʹʩ߽ʧȥ˼룬ʦ˵ǰ㣬һľż
뼴ôĲܣҲԸ⽫ԼİŮ˱ʬ⡣һ죬Ҷǧ䵱ûʶľżֻ棬ǱôҲġǣҹʦѰ֮
⻰
Ҫϣҿô͵ķϣղذɣôô~


һپʮ ܿ޸

˵ɣҪʲô취ǦЩԳҲԵмΡ
ʦվ˽ŲڱӭŹ⣬ԼԿʦںڲµƵȻеģҪ¸ۡ
һ˿ֱӣ׷ʵ˵ʲô취
֪¿ɷ֪ƣ˹˵ҲǺܺƵġֻҪÿոƳιʳԼͷѪιʮɡʱٽʩҶǧϣȻᱻɡʦ˵΢΢һ飬ü壬ȻǶԴ˷顣
ʦ˵ʮԺ󣬱ǵ¶ʮĵˣʱ򣬻δƵĻµ»׶༪ˡ
΢΢һԭԼʱ侹ָ𣿣вⷺ𼸷ԳЦһԼİŮˣһԼһȥϣƲɼãԼ׸ξ
ɫζû˵һᣬԹ˵뿪ˡʦ̧ͷűį飬ϣƺ˼ֵ֮ɫ
˵Զ𶼵ī껣µ۵ǻԵʣīմ鷿ƺæ顣ſڵķ꣬Ѿ֪ԼǱڼξ֮ˡĥӲݽûãҲֻȻһڹŮ£ԼĹ
ʵڷһһīȻ֪ġҪĲѾȫһռУ׷ҲİģĸҪġ
ڣʽҲֻзһˣĶЩ½ŮڻڷϽʵҲãݣǱ֮ŮںȻûж˸ҵʺ֮λֻǶרŮЩˣٱȸϣˮǿЩ
鷿īǰ¡ӰһһԣһΪīһ߻㱨Ӱ崫Ϣ
Ӱ㱨Ϣ϶Ǳؾ˵ҶǧһЩճīӰһʱ̧ͷ΢ЦʱҡͷҶǧ˯ʱī껸еıʣۺģ́ͷ
īһ̧ͷŷ֣ǹ²Եʣڵ֮ǰࡣƺһȦ°ͣʱҲЩ
ڻʱ˰ɣӰһǰīϸʮָߵ棬һ˫۾ǰ΢΢
ǣӰһӦһת˳ȥ
ߺī껻µİСóһµĺӣ򿪺ӣŵľһʮͨһ۳ֵӡī껼״ü΢壬ʮǿһŪһֻƵСӳġ
ԭʱҶǧ͸ӡġСӡīĶ顣Ҷ㲻ǵûйϵǣҪۿ޸أīֻСӡسǦż
֨һ鷿Ӧԭˡī껽еСķŻص˺Сٴ̧ͷʱȻһȻϲĵ֮ɫˡ


һپʮһ ǰ

ʮ꣬ʮ壬ġɹ̫ӱ룬顣
ɹһƬϲ֮ɫʹҲ½½ĵִ˻ʹ֮СɹشϷʱļȻ͡ԣɹһлϽеġ
ˣҶǧɱ˸硣ԺľͱŮ뵽һټԡУǰǰıĸ˴ϴ˽ʱǣŮϴ;УҶǧȻ˯ˡ
㿪ʼױˣȲ˵ЩϹ۵鱦Σ·׼ʮףÿһ׶ޱȡҶǧһһʱһ磬Ҷǧ֮ǰĲдǵ˯⣬Ҳױһɨˡ
վھǰžеԼһʱ䵹ЩˣǰŮԼ𣿣СĽ˿£Լİ£һžµıʯգ΢΢һӯӯһյܷܷϸ¶ɡһᱡĺɫɯȹ㣬ϻһԾµıʯգһֱ쵽˽űϡ
ҶǧĽűС𪣬һ׺ԽԵӨˡԴˣҶǧŷӦԭɹ飬ȻǲܴЬİϺҶǧ䱾ΪҪԼ軭һ˭֪ŮǾȻȫȥ
Ϊ˲ʹгʲôͻ״ֱΪֹֻҶǧһˮȡҶǧ˾úۺ˯⣬ҲûоöӶ֮ģҶǧû뵽ǣ粻ܳԣǽ춼Խʳ
Ůߺ󣬰ζûˣҶǧʱַ˯⡣ȥֽ֪ЩŮֻЩŮƫ󣬻ƶʮҡ
ҶǧƵʱŮص˵ϣΪаĦһλһ飬Ҷǧһʱ찡ȫ޽ֹްҶǧû´ĻǴ˵еĴͼ
ȻһλŮޱЩŵĺΪҶǧ佲ݾǣ»֮ҹӦʲôӦȡԼɷ֮֮ࡣ˵ԽУԽ
ҶǧֻýעתƵеϣԽ󷭣ҶǧԽŴ֮˵ĳ뻯ĻˣСˣһЩƬ˵й֮޲ǰҶǧȱĹϵҲֻչӵ֮ģⷽ飬ҶǧʵǸܱصˣȱҲһֱ
ЩǰϸĽҶǧѴӿʼ࣬ڵ޶ˡԴˣҶǧ䲻ò̾ŴĻǰ൱谡


һپʮ 

̫ҪɽʱǰרǣڽĿγ̡
κҶǧոһ糿ΪԼױЩŮ˽ҶǧεĿ˿ɫԼ󳪿ճǼƵĶӣ԰ԹھǰŮǰŪԼ
һʱԺ󣬾гһҶǧ䱶İŮӡֻһüԶ죬ƺӧһ˫ӲյľȴȾ˼Ȼü仹죬һ꾫µҶǧƤͰ𪣬ɫʹ˿ֲʵظС
ɹķԵüЩǰ㸴ӡǷȴһҲ򵥣ȻױϺҶǧֻԼҪ̧ͷˡʱҲѾִſڣŮΪ˴Ľ˿ͷһ˵żĻһߴӵߵſڡ
ɴͷҶǧֻܿԼ׵ĽֺԼűϾıʯܿҶǧҲףһ֮ıԼδķ롣ɹϰףҶǧҪñ뱧ţǰȥ硣
֪ΪΣ˿̵оȻе㱯ϲ֮УϲȻΪԼҪ޸Լİ֮ˡȻĪıˣȴҶǧЩɻΪʲôԼеѹأ
Ҷǧ֮ʱӦΧŮȫϹϾĿڵū澲μ̫ӵ£ص¡顣
ͷ£һ˫ɫЬӣҶǧѾ֪˿̻ԼһСȴĺˡ
С䣬ڽȢˡУεϲá
Ҷǧ両һĨߵЦ⣬һ룬˱㱻ᱧ˻Уȥͬ󣬱ҲһֱûзſҶǧ֡
Ϧ䣬ҹĻ١ɹʹڣ紦Ǹ߸߹Ĵټ԰УѾ½λϽһƬϲľȻʹӣȴһԵʱո롣
Χı̸Цʱʱıλϵɹʵ۵⹧ϲĻźŽǵʦеĺŽǣΧıҲסһͬһȥ
һᣬҶǧĲ˵У˵۾ʱ㱻ȥֽͣҶǧ䱧̺˵ע£ɹϻʺǰȥڼһֱһ˫۾Ϭעǡ


һپʮ  2

뱧ҶǧȲ̨֮ϣվڻʵۻʺǰһԵŮæǰڵһĺŽҶǧ仺ķں֮ϡ
ʮ꣬ʮ壬Բգɹ̫ӱͬ⻨Բ֮ʽΪޡһԵʦ˵
ʼһֱҶǧûзſԼ¶ȴݸڲǰ䡣ҶǧһЦԼɼˡľעԼԽҵ
ʦϲʥԣҶǧĶֲʱ˵ĳ˸裬ʦܴѹסЩˣ㶯ɶ㲻֪
εЦЦҶǧֽ˽΢΢ףߵڼһᣬϾͺá
Ҷǧʱɫһ壬ڸͷ£ε̾̾
ڣʦĳƪ۽ˣҲʾⱱҶǧĸͷˡȻƺհҶǧģʦ˵󣬱㽫ҶǧתԼŻƿҶǧĸͷ
ͷʧҶǧ΢΢̧ͷ˱Щ㶵Ŀ⡣űѵõʧҶǧ䲻Ц
ŻһȻϣȻһĨԵĺΡҶǧԽˣֱĿű롣һͷȥĹʦҶǧ俴ⱱΰɡ
Ҷǧ䲻֪ǣжôױݣһ˫˵۾ȻҶǧûжôľɫǾһĵĴ磬ټʣʹʱֹ⻪֮С
ֹâҫۣԸոձ㶵ԭٴΣһ˲䣬жʱһִ·ͿҪʧȥǰλ⻪ĿŮˡȺУҲһϬĿֱֱĿ̨֮ϵҶǧ䣬Ŀдŵдŵŭ⡣
ɹһҪıҪùʦʩʦȨȻбͣ׷סͶλֵߵ˵Ŀ⣬תƵһµĹʦϡ
Ķʹߣɹμӻһ棬ҪĻһصĹʦˡ׻˵ŲһһȻͬ졣
ʦ̨֮ϣȶĻʵۻʺ΢΢ʾ⣬롣ֻȳűҶǧ仺ӶȦлдʣҶǧεǰͷڵλĹʦʱĸо
ʦջȨȣԴϲҳ̫ӵ£ȢʥŮΪޣҳδ˳ٲʢ
˻һ̨µıǶʱը˹ʥŮʮһʰԴʥŮʮǰȥ󣬽ػʥŮ˾һҲʧˡʱһʥŮҲǵļнˡ
ٴʣǴضΰĹʦ˵⻰ʵԣȻ˲١
УȻ̽ԼνʥŮԴˣҶǧ䲻ɵüͷʱСԼĻӦǳףʻӡȻʱȴ˶ָо֮ѹ·հĸо
ŹʦĿʱʾһԵʦʦӵָʾǰڵԲλ뾴øȡ̫ҲصеȺ򡣡
Ҷǧ䱻ŮǴȥ֪ӺδӿһŮɹŮļáΣв˵עͱ˹ȥȻʱ֮ǰڵʹӣȴҲ֪ˡ


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ҶǧŮ˹֮УŵŵĴϲ֣ҶǧʱһŮǷǳʶʱ˳ȥΪҶǧšⱾһϲõ»֮ҹȴԼݴ֮ա
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ҪǰҶǧ䶨ֱ׳ʦʡڣ֪ǲǱϲóͷԣֻ֪ϵľɻҶǧ䲻ɵðԼӴԺͱˡ
˶˵ʥŮߵ£ڹʦڸʹڵ£˵ԼݡȫҫɹʥŮ¿¾ɹ֮ˡ
ŵģƾЩţ㹻ɹ䱸֮ġԼνʥŮ֮бⳡ֮սĵߺƷˡ
Ҷǧ뵽һ⣬ɹ֪ԼʥŮһҪõԼŵʥŮµ˵ԼǳصȷʲôҶǧȻһô˵֮ǰҲ֪ԼʥŮԲŻô˼ȢԼ
ҶǧԽԽ󣬻Լʦʱʦű˵ϲµõʥŮʱıһӶûУ֮ǰԼҲûнԼʥŮһ¸߹
Ҷǧ΢΢һԼ㡣ôԼĺãԼİǼٵˣҶǧȻĽִ࣬һݺǰĳϲĹʱַ֮ӿͷ
е΢Ķƺ˽ˡҶǧü΢壬ȥûҵ
һ룬һİϤӱҶǧǰҶǧǰĴˣɻĿڵʲôˣ˵ģҶǧûмģǴУҶǧȴָеһĪϤС
֮ǰʹһϵǺ󹬽أɹ˵ˡվԭأĿҶǧ䣬г˸ӡ
û˵ҶǧԽ֡Ȼ˵о˲˺ԼΣѱһ̲ᷢʲô¡Ҷǧо죬ɫĻڿȥ׼ںʱڿ˿ڡ
Ƿʥ֮ǰӿȥġ˵ͳ˻ơ
Ҷǧ΢΢һ㶣ǰϸǰͨӡֻվǣȻһ˵·ȴһ˲ɺӵƣ˫۾ʵҶǧе̫Ϥˡ
Ҷģ̌ͷ΢΢һЦǰεĿڵī껣װˣ֪㡣һεܲϵڶΡ
ī΢΢һ㶣ε̾˿ߵҶǧǰ湻湻˾͸һȥƣⶼЩʲô·īһ˵ţһ߽Ҷǧıɳ£Щ
ī껣Ҷǧ䲻֪˵Щʲôһ磬Լʲô£ԼԼؼҡԼѾԼǱ롣Ѿ˵ĹϵҵĹϵô˵ߣ͸أ
ҶǧĲī껵֣εƲӡ߰ɣﲻȫ


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Ҷǧ㵭̬ȣīȻЩŭˡ֪ÿÿҹڵʱҲ޲ھͽӵ뻳СȴʼԼߣīһסҶǧ䣬Լǰһ
ǧ䣬Щˣ㻹û湻𣿣ѵ˵㵱氮˱룬Ҫ޸ī껵ĿԵЩУлЩǡ
Ҷǧ䱾鸴ӣڱī׷ʣԽ÷겻ʵ˵ģ֪ī껵һ˲䣬Լõģڵθʺɡ
ī껣Ϊһ֮ѵΪǧҵ飬ֻҺô򵥣ټȥһɹ˷ֿǺãҶǧε˵
ī¶һ˿飬ǿɼǧ䣬˵Ϊһ֮Ȼᱣҵ񡣵ǣʧȥԼİŮΪۡ
Ҷǧ΢΢һ㶣εı˫ҡҡͷٴʱѳ˲ݺӵļī껣ǿǿʹһ䣬ǷԸͬߣ֪ϲǿѣΪ㲻˵Щ
ī껣Ҿ޸һ̣ұ㲻ٸߵģ߰ɣ˵գҶǧѿī껵Ľֱߵһߡ
ô£
ڴʱȻҶǧһæعͷĳī껵߰ɣˣ˵ձ㽹š
ī껲˫У˿̳֮⣬̾һڵǧ䣬ңӰ˵ҵ㡣˵գᴰȥ
ʱҲŶˡֻһǵĳ嵽ڼ䣬һȦΧûʲôɵļŽһ㶵Ҷǧ뻳СǵѯʵС䣬û°ɣ
Ҷǧ벢ûģŷģɵĻصû°ôˣȻҶǧŷ֣뾹ȻһȻЩ΢ˡ
ŮȥˣΪһ˶ûУƿҶǧ䣬ʵ
ĿҶǧϣڿѾЩҶǧҲǾˡ⵽Ǻ˶پưΪ˰Ҷǧֻ˵ʹߵģҲ֪˲ϲһ˷̵ĸо
ŷģҶǧգڵԺٲϲҲˣʥŮҪǱȥҪȥѰ㰡
ʥŮ飬Ҷǧ仹벻һ˵Ҷǧʱҡټϸո˵Ǿ仰Ҷǧʱѿڵ룬ȡʥŮ𣿡
С䣬Ұ𡣡ЩĻ˶ʱΡ
Ҷǧε̾̾첢ʺټ̽ˡã롣ˣҷȥЪϢҶǧ嵽ű޴ȥ
Ƶıһ㣬ȵ޺ҲãҲʡε»֮ҹˡ
յߣһͷԵ˴ϣȫޡҶǧεЦЦֻýºЬˣʹ˯ЩʱѾһĶӣٴδ˿ճǼƣҶǧӣѰЩԵ˵
Ǹһֱ㱻һץסˡǺ˾ƵԵʣ˿̵²ǰµĺʵ¶ȡ
С䣬ߡ
Ҷǧ΢΢һ㶣ͷһ˫۽գ˵λء
Ҷǧֻε֣ģҲߡ


һپʮѡһˣһһ

˵ҶǧȥһԼǱȫûзſ˼
С䣬ԲС䣬ԭ𣿡۾ţģۡĴҲԶġ
Ҷǧ״ֻεĳ̾һߣΪ££ӡοãԭ㡣
һ£˳ƽҶǧӵ˻УҶǧһΪҪʲôȻɱۣȫû˼Ҷǧŷģ̧ͷű롣ֱͦı˫˳ĽëҶǧһʱе㱣ôˣҶԼˡǧ䣬Ȼԡ
Ҷǧ㿴ãõԼ֪ʱ˯ŵġ
ԺҶǧֱģƺʲôԼҶ˯ʵ̫ǿҶǧü̧һģžһҶǧžԣ۾һž̵ӳԴԹԼݵİϻһƬɵĺɫӡǡ
С䣬ʺ׷𣿡Թ˵
ҶǧųѹСһ죬æԼϵ˻ȿȡţ㡢˰һΣͷתȥһ治֪ʱѾˡȻһŷ֣ԼȲ֪ʱȻ˱ϣҶǧæ˻һľȵͷյҧҧ촽ζûҶ
״ɵЦŻ˻Ҷǧ䣬ҶǧĶͷһǡС䣬Ǹȥĸˣ˵ͬ´һ᣿ĿһߵҶǧЦ
ҶǧæصǸȥʺˡ˵գ뿪Ļ
Ÿ첲һĿҶǧæȥӰжʱһǰδеСԭõԼİˣȻõĸܰǰŮ˶ڱ˵һʹͷйĹߡֱҶǧ䣬󽥽زŷ֣ԭѡһˣһһõġ
һ磬Ҷǧ䶼Ůǵķʰú󣬱ͬ빲ͬǰʺ޹ˡ
Ҷǧ乲ͬǰʺȻЦӭǶҶǧϱԵø顣ԴˣҶǧ䲢ûоֹǿһͰЦȴҲʲô
һֱ磬ùźҶǧų͸͸ȥʱҶǧʺ˵ʦ˵ʲôʱΪȥư


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Ҷǧ䱾Ͳ̺ȥȻû˸š˿̸ߵߵĴ£ʺʻǡûˣҶǧ㲻ɵվ˽ŲơʵҲԼһֱûʵ飬ýջԵɺϣҪ֪ЩʲôаﱱҲǼòİ
ĸȷŷŰɡԵͳɤӴд
ǹʦ˵Ҫ㸸ȥߴߣۿʮվҪٽˣƻûȡҪʲô£Ҫĸ㸸ʸǺðʺԵø⼱У˵ȻѾ˿ǻ
Ҷǧ΢΢һ㶣뱱ʮкιϵʺǰ˵ƺӣǱĴһ㡣뵽Ҷǧвɵ΢΢һʹִЩ˵Լڱ˽⻹̫١
ʱֿڰοĸ󣬷İɣʥŮҲںߣǲµġ
˻һҶǧʱɻԽԵ˷ʱҶǧ߾Ǽ¡ʱҲ˵ֻԼſԾȱ롣ô˵ΧűһȦˣƺ֪ԼʥŮټҹʦֵı֣ƺʲô齫Ҫ֮ˡ
ֻԼܰƵĻ˵ԼԸġ˵һʼӽԼĿıĻôԼ֮ĸм漸Ǽ١
ڴʱҶǧ֪߹λŮΪ˲˷Լ͵ҶǧֻæһԼȥ
ҶǧֵͻȻʺ϶ٻЩô˵Ҳһ֮ĸڸ£תۼֻ֮ǰǸͰ׵ݣֻɫȻ˼ֳݡ
һлҳ˼䣬ɫҶǧͬʺ˱ʱʺĨӵȻûжҶǧ۾ȻĸƤжãԶ֪˵ʵ뷨ҲΪԼĶӣ˾ʲôǺõġ
ī껣֮£ī껾ԵñߵĶˣǸδȶĽɽ֮⣬ƺʲôûС뵽⣬Ҷǧīڻ֪ʲôطڵԼΪҲΪԼǵþ潫һ˵
һ·ϣҶǧ겻ģȻûжʵǻҶǧڴվ⣬Ȼͷ˵ģʵЩ±ӦЩ˵ġ
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ľǰҶǧ䵹ȿ˿ڡ룬Щ£ǲӦЩң
΢΢һЦҶǧıǼ⣬Ƕ˵𣬽Ұ룡
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볶һζЦ⣬ˣֲġȵ
Ҷǧ΢΢һ㶣æȥһĨЦ⣬װŭĿڵ컬࣡


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ۺĿҶǧ䣬εĳ˳ǣߵĻסĶ˵ǧ䣬벻֪ڵƵǸʲô
Ҷǧ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ἰ顣ת̧ͷű룬һϵ˵ʵ߾ʱҾˣֲ֪οڡ
΢΢һЦϣ˳ƽҶǧһԴǿƵԼϡҶǧС΢⣬ʮϵû˵ģȻҶǧǰһƦƦӣɴҲûʲôȻǴǿ֮⡭
ʱ̧ͷ̾һƺڻʲô˵Ҳֻٲ£ӦΪ̰治СĴ˹ʦĽڣʹý˹϶УʦҲû취ڴࡣ
˵⣬ҶǧĿиϵĨԼһ˿䡣ΪҶǧ̽Եʵ
Ȼ֪ҶǧָľǴιƶɵ顣˶ټڵֻڴ˵֮УһֱѱʦżýƣȻǾŵģ֪󹦸ɵǰһգ̰Ҹˡ
⣬ҶǧЦʦһˣԼòݾҪˣȴֱСƨˣ
뱻Ҷǧץصķʽ˲ˣиһĨ㲻Ӧȹһ·𣿡һ˵ţһ߽ҶǧͻȻ̽ҶǧҸ£ʼĵǵҶǧ俩ĴЦһ߻ͣĸĵˡˣģģ
ƣҶǧҲЦ⣬̧ͷ˵ģһǲΪλʹ㣿
ɫһ˵Ƶõ˹ʦľѪȴûȫѱȴҵ壬˵ʹýƵķɱø
Ҷǧ΢΢һɣһָܣһˣӦǲ׵İɡ뱱뱳ʹʮ꣬ҪĳҶǧǰһƽı룬ֲζ룬ʳԼһֱʵĻ
˵ֻʥŮԾĶ𣿸ôȣԸ𣿡Ҷǧ̽Եʵ
뾲ĿŻеҶǧ䣬һƽ˰ΣڵҪĲܾң𣿡
˵赭дƺ˵ȥʲôһ㡣ȻЩӵ˽⣬Ҷǧף˵ȴԽпġҪҵģǺ~Ҷǧ΢΢һЦĿᶨĿű룬ĿڵҪұ
΢΢һҶǧļᶨʵԤϵģ׶ʱȻһ֪Ҷǧش𣬶ڵĶƵԭ򡣱Ц۹һУյҶǧǰ˵ԭ̫ôİѽ~


һپʮ ʬ

ҶǧСһ죬ӱĻعͷ÷ԴŭĿڵÿΣͬ˵ģҪôܰ㣿
Ҷǧһеģһůվ¶һĨɵЦ⣬Ҷǧķڵİɣûôءⲡ˵ҲΣֻҪʥŮԺúðұɡ
ߣͬгˣҪȥ˯ˣҶǧŤͷȥĴǰȥ
ۺӵҶǧıӰζӳ¡ʮԼһθܵ־ᡣҸôôſͬþãôܲ˺㣿ҵ׸òΪ⿪ƣһ죬֪𣿱΢΢һ䡣ǲ֪ģҪţҪһֱߣʲô취
ЩգһҲ᲻ģ˵Ʒ˵飬˵ˡҲʶʱͬİ·ҿʼӴʱұӵʱҲ̷ȥҰʱԶռ㣬ֻҡ˵˶˽ġ
Ҷǧ䱾һص㾶ֱߵ䣬߷ߵɵ˴ϡͷĺɫʣвɷһУ벻Ը˵滰ǲҵİɡǣǷޣǱӦͬиͬ𡭡ʵҲԼְΪ޾ȻԼɷ˽ô٣лȥҹʦˡ
˲һᣬҶǧһϮٵȵȱģκվֵסǿ˯⡣۾һգ˯ˡ
󣬱㿴˯ŵҶǧ䡣̾һߣ˸Ҷǧҵķ˿һֻͣҶǧϣҲÿü΢壬кЩΣС䣬㲻Ҫҡ
Ҷǧ˯ѾأԺе˼Ҳʼþޡηչȥٹʱ䣬Ҷǧһû˼ʬ˰ɡ̾һڴҶǧڻУһҹߡ
գҶǧһ˯ѣɫѴԼϵıӦҲǺԼһ˯ġ
ŮҶǧ𴲵Ķæ̺ŮԼ·ļ϶Ҷǧʵ£ʲô̺ߵģ
Ļ糿ɫ±ˣƺȥкʹȥˡʱūǲҪ˵ˣ˯ᡣ˵գΧŮϷ׷¶Ц⡣
Ҷǧɫһ죬а룬ԶÿΣʰ߳䣬Ҷǧŷԭʱѹ磬û뵽ԼȻ˯ôá
ԷʱҶǧ֣ƺЩ춼ûмӰīաǿ֪Сīȥˣ
Ļǻ֮ǰסԷء
ΪûйҶǧ䲻ɾЩ֡
ŮŻصĻǵµİš
Ҷǧ΢΢һ㶣ŷЩԼ˯˵ҳ˶Ա⣬ҲԵĮġ֮ǰԼѵ˵ܳ׸ıһ𣿸ոŮ˵ȥкʹˣش˿ҲϾ˼Լ
Ҷǧ룬վһԵŮԸȥǻɣǵ𣬾˵˵ġ
ǣ˵գŮת˳ȥ
Ҷǧ俴ǰĽ񱭣Щ񡣸ⶫȻ΢Щʱȫ֣ңԼ


ڶ  

Ҷǧ̫Ҳǽһ֮ĸ̫ӵֶ۰мӣҶǧŮȻǲΥһӰīձԼǰ
ҶǧͷҲ̧Ʒűе裬ƺֻҶǧĺȲ֮һӵŮʱеһĪѹ˰ΣҶǧŷеıӣָܷܷнôš
С壬īաΪλˣ̺λһĹѵ˵ǻӵ𣿡Ҷǧ䵭ĿڵȻ赭дȴֲŭ档
ڳ˵һǵһμ̫ˡһֱҶǧ䶼ô̺ҲΪǡö֮УҶǧһλᵭûƢӡ²ʱҲЩиգҶǧһ¶һӵģŮ׷׵ͷһԣδ֮
Ӱͬī΢΢һ㶣űȥ֪𷣡
Ҷǧ̾ĳˣȥſںŰɡ
ǣŮظӦһ׷ȥ˻ʮʶĽŴˡҶǧһˣ꼰Ը
˶ߺҶǧߣ˷Ӱī¶ɻҶǧæ˸Ķʾ˺һȥ䡣
䣬δҶǧ俪ڣӰѹڵҪѯʥϵ£
Ҷǧ˵ͷѯʵôܼ
ӰͬīԶӣƺЩʲôī뵽ʲô㿪ڵ԰ᣬɹ̫дʹҲֻǸʱˣ
һվ飬ҹīձҶǧȥ԰תתӰǱ֪ͨī껡Эһ£Ҷǧɫ˽ŴȥǰţԼȴֻص޴֮ϲȥˡ
ʵҶǧҲԼЩ֣ЩǾʮߵⶼԵЩĮģȣҶǧֻΪϱطԼһʱӦŵµġʱˣҶǧŷԼǰ򵥣ÿÿЩǶõѣֻҪ˯һĿһᡣ˽ҲΪԼŹǶûзκ쳣
һ˯ѺɫѾȫˡҶǧԴīաһʲ֪ᶼѾʼˡ


ڶһ  

ҶǧīΪԼʰһų䡣ŮһҶǧ䣬׷׹ʺãһ˻ǰʵѾΪãкҪ
Ҷǧϵɽ亣ζٵ˵˵ţҲ̫Щɡˣȥɡ
ŮȴֲΥֻӦһ㿪ʼʰҶǧһʳǰʧвЩۣǰиҪԼءҶǧ佫ͷƫȥߵſڣԲ͵Ŀڵһˣīգ㱾λȥתתɡ
ǣīæӦһǰҶǧߡ
ҶǧٳʱͷŮǿڵȺúʰţظˡ˵ձīյ£ǰȥˡ
Ҷǧīڹƣ԰ӽˡߵ԰ԶҶǧݺ軶Цò֡һֲŨЩĵطҶȥϵһӰ壬ȵȡ˵գīձ뿪ˡ
īߺҶǧٴνĿͶᴦϵƻԻͣشڰľҲ̫ԶǡÿԽϵšһܹ۲Ҷǧ䷢֣м䴩Ů⣬ĶԡŴһ㶼Ϊ죬һȺȻûʲôֵģҶǧǾʲôԾĵط
һŷ֣ϳɹΧ⣬ʹûдӡЩŮҲʵ̫欣ҶǧΪŮҲࡣڴʱҶǧȻʶյǱдңô˵Ҳ϶ڵġ
κҶǧڵλãǡñλҶǧǣèϿʼƶأλĵطʼҶǧҰСԼ䣬Ҷǧƺλϣһƣ̸ЦΪ׵Ůζ欵ˣȥȻȴֱӣŮ֡
˼״Ҳ׷״ǰŮһŮǷЦҶǧһٿЩ뵽׻ô֪һ㱻һһһһԼϤĻ
ﲻȫǻطīҶǧߵ˵㻷Ҷǧһ㣬뿪԰
Ҷǧɹʹλϣ½̻Ի͵Ĺٿһɫµī껣һʱ侹Щ㱡ǵ㣬΢ḧȵϷҲֻҹʺϳлī껿ݵĲҶǧʲô
ǰǸҹСݶϣԼҲݶϣߵҲûб䡣µĹ⾰˵̲̣˵תۼѾԶһʱ䣬Ҷǧ˵ЩʲôȴЩģˡ
Ӱ˵ңͨˣҪͬһȥī껲ͷĿҶǧ仺˵
ҶǧεҡҡͷĻص۵λݣ²ͬô˵ؾͻأգ㣬ͬ˵ĸԸ޸ģ㻹Щȥɣʱˣѱʲôӡ


һ ȥ

ī̾һӽҶǧתԼʵǧ䣬㿴ҵ۾شң˵ÿһ仰ǳģûˣû˹ƻ󣿡
Ҷǧǰ˫ǻҪѤõӣ΢΢һˣ˹ƻôأīΪлһأҶǧҧҧ촽˶ٻǿڵǵģǳġ
Ҷǧ¶һĨӣȻûжī껵۾̧Ҷǧɢ鷢̶תͷŷǵǿգεĿ˵ãϲĻȻ档ǧ䣬ɹĹʦǸ򵥵ҲһҺǻ˺㣬ôҲǿ㡣
ɫϣһ¹⻹Щҫ۹âī껱Уһ£ȴ֮СҶǧīĲգƺ͸һˣǸͱӵͬһȴԸȻͬǸˡ
ī껶˶٣ӿҶǧ˵ʵ㲻ڵЩ࣬ŬôãȻ˶õλãΨȴ㡣ΪǵǸλãͿӵ㣬ǽȴ㡣Ǻ~īεЦЦӣҲգʵֻҪ־ͺˡ
ī껡Ҷǧỽȴһʱ֪˵ʲô˵ˣʵԼī껶ԼʼնûʲôԼ̫ƫִŵθ黹δʼˡʵҲԼһֱûӹһ⣬ԼΪλͻȻ¶ĽθͻȻתϲϱ롭뵽⣬ĪһʹʱҶǧ˼
īٴ̧ͷʱеѾů棬ֻҶǧüͷ΢΢һЦڵǧ䣬˵ЩΪʲôҲҪ뿪ˣ㿪ľͺˡ˵գīЦҶǧķ
ī껡ҡԲлл㡭Ҷǧ˹ī껣ҪһĨЦ⣬ȴᡣ
ʱԭʵҹգ֪ʱѱܲϷ䣬ʱ˼סīŬϵ΢Ц˫ּ̧ǰ˶ӵ뻳У£ԼֻҪץסˣҲ÷ſˡ
գī껻̧֣ȥҶǧϵᡣЦ˵ǱҪȥˣԺȥĶӰīոţʲô¾͸˵ԺҪǲϲˣңҴߡ
ҶǧӰУīһֱһλעЧʰ¸ˣ⻹ͷһһλһ㣬ͣҶǧֺЦΣҶǧ仹ΪЦĨ˵ͷõģ~
պһ磬ҶǧЦյԽġī΢΢һЦתȥȥҶǧҲ΢΢һЦıīһ㣬Ծ̨ͤ¥֮ϡ
ī껵ǰůҶǧſĿıϣһнЩͻ֮ϵʥҲãĪүҲգԼǰǰݡҲ֣ΪԼӲƫƫѡǸ˳䲻ͷԵıأ
һ뵽룬Ҷǧ϶ʱָһĨζֽߵЦ⣬Եְɣ


ڶ Īҩ

ī껱Ҷǧȵ̫ӹһС԰ɫ˴ȻûʲôҶǧͷ۽ߵĻԻ͹عͷī΢΢һЦ߰ɣлһȥǵġ
īĿҶǧ䣬ǰһ뿪ҵ磬Ҷ췢ģҸһŬȴһСδܽץס㣬ҲգһĬĬػͺˡĸЦ˵ġ
ãīЦŵ˵ͷౣأٻᡣ˵գī껱תȥʧ˺ڰ֮С
īתһ˲䣬ҶǧͷһʹһָֻԭͷŵǿʯͷֿʼĪķ⵽ô£Ҷǧóǿʯͷϸ䲢ûŶʲô仯Ҳԭ˻ȥ
̧ͷ˿ɫ֮ǰƲ֪ʱѾɢȥѻ죬ش˿Ѿ˰ɣűҲѾȥҲ˵ȥԼ٣϶ĵġһ룬Ҷǧ䲻ɵüӿ˲
ǻûǰһӰӭŻ谵ĹƿȥֻһȨȣ˴ڶ½ֻһˣǾǹʦˡʦĹڻʹߣ̫ӵĹڶߡôˣʦԵЩˡҶǧ΢΢һɵĳʦ
ǰĹʦʱͣ˽ŲתҶǧ䣬ڵ̫ôˣûϢʦУԼЩŵζ
ĪĹʦҲţҶǧ滳ԼĶǲǳ⣬ҲԴʱĹʦԽ˼ǡʦˣô˲ҲûϢ𣿡ҶǧǰĿڵ
ʦ˿̸˵ĸоƺЩԥ˶٣ֻҶǧǰڵͶģȻǾͽɡʦ˵գ㽫һʳеݸҶǧ䡣
ǣҶǧӹʳУɻʵ
ｻ±ɡʦ˵գתȥˡ
Ҷǧӣɻ֡ǸʲôʦȻɻҶǧ첽߻˹յſڣȺīաҶǧ飬īյĲ˽ȥ
֮ǰ̵Ů£վŵǽҹֵҹŮʱѾˣȻȴûлҶǧ΢΢һǲɢ˰īաԼʳ䣬ʳУȴֻһҩˡ
Ҷǧɵҩţػơ˲ΡĸʲݡӦ̾ҩⷽ˵ҲǺͨģΪιʦ˻ҶǧԽɻѡ


ڶ Ͷͱ

Ҷǧԭҩ˻ȥü΢ƺ˼ʲôѵ˵ɹȲҩǼܶ𣿻˵ҩ滹ʲôԼŲĶ𣿴ŻɣҶǧٴҩյߣǳЩ
ţֻͨ̾ҩûô˵ѵǱⷽ˵İϴں·ϣԼҲǸܹԵİ뵽⣬ҶǧϲɵָһĨΡǻ˵ԼѾͬ࣬ȴûͬҲ˵Լͱ֮Ƿи飬˵Ļ˻δͬԵЩˡ
ʱҶǧ俴ϵһĻŮ󵨵Ĺƺûоܾһˡѵ˵ʵģȲʦΪԼ뵽⣬Ҷǧ䲻ɵ΢΢һҩҲЩ
ҩ·ϣܿ͸ˣҶǧæҩ£ڴʱ䴫˿ŵ죬Ҷǧ΢΢һվֱӡ
С䣬ô˻δϢڵȷ𣿡
ԴĵЦҶǧ㱻Ӻ뻳Сһµԡŵľ㣬ʱҶǧ֮СҶǧ΢΢һĲĻת
֮ǰʦ˵Ҫ㡣Ҷǧ΢Цָָϵҩ룬˵ˣôҲûأ
뿴ϵҩ룬һűعͷЦų˳ҶǧСԽԽΪ˰İɣЩҩˡɫˣЩϢɣ˵ձ㾶ֱߵ¡ֻոձҶǧʱбӿһ˿ݵɱ⡣
Ҷǧһ˼Ҳ˴ߡ˿̵ıȴѾ۾ϸܿüһ˿ƣ롣Ҷǧҧҧһ΢Цʵ룬㣬ǲǻǷһ»֮ҹ
ʼıɲǼ۾жٴЩ졣ֻӣһ˫һ΢΢һУЦſҶǧ䣬СǱòԻ󣬴ԱͶͱ𣿡
ԱĵϷҶǧһûзҲûӱܡһЦݵĵ˵ͷϻһĨߵĺΣҶǧĶñһ
ֻҶǧߵĵͷűܻľǰ·ټͷɴűǶС¡ɹķװȥĶ³ʣ˸ӶСĶǶÿ㡣
ҶǧʼնͷȻֱʣ¶ǶÿֽԼĳһɢͶԽԵĶˡںĳֱ䣬ŮӨļڼ䣬֡˼˾վھԼĵط뿴Ŀɿڴͷ΢ɵֱӣ¸ҲƺŻٴȼ
ı仯˱㱻Ҷǧ乴ȥĻ̧꣬۴㵵ĿҶǧ䣬ʵС䣬ǣ
Ҷǧ̫һˣ˵ǵ·ˣǱϷҲ΢΢һ㶣ҶǧϷŵҩ𽥱ѵ˵Ǵӹʦ֪Щʲô
Ҷǧ俴ű벻Ϊģһʹҧҧ촽ǰһ˱֣鵭Įʵ룬ʲôأ˵ҿһŮ𣿡


ڶ Υ鶯

Ҷǧ䱯Գ񣬱ʱЩ顣תȴָһĨȻЦ⣬һѽҶǧ˴ϣԼһѹҶǧϣӸµĿ˵СôˣǳԴѽ
ǰߵľɫݣҶǧʱɫһ죬֮ǰǹɳ嶯ƺҲܵ˾⡣ҡҲûгԴأҶǧһ˫ĵתʼղֱӱ˫ǵ
Խ󵨵ҶǧһƷ˿յ˱Ǽ䣬ЦѲɽСȥ͵˰
Ҳû͵أҶǧæڽ͵
ȻСѵһأôԹⷬأ˵űѹӡ
Ҷǧʱŵıս˫ۣ׼ӭӼ顣һ룬Ѳʡˡ
ջصѨ֣ӵĻ˯Ҷǧ䣬ε̧̾̾ʳֱָָҶǧüģԼƺʲô˳űָҶǧüġ˫۽յҶǧüͷһ壬ɢ
ѽ鶼ȴɡ˵գָֽҶǧüļ䡣˰ΣһѾǿ󵽿Ƴ𡭡С䣬׸ôźá˵գҶǧͷһǡ
ΪҶǧ££ӣȥ
ܵͷϵˮ뾲Ŀټԡرϣ֪ЩʲôΣֻ䲦˲ĳˮεЦЦС䣬ԼոտǲͰѳֲסأңԼǶû鶯ˡЩԼϵŮˣ඼ԼƷɣ־²Ҫġֻԭʼܵĳ嶯ǾΥˡ
ʱɴȻһӰԭǶղҡȭ֣ƺЩ֣ϸһԭһָϣȷʵڹ֮У˵ΪСīյ鲻ã˰˯ҲûñīճȥˡбһʳС
Ŷȥ΢пʵ
˵ֻĴתתһ˵ƺḽ
ˮ˳ż˳ֱ£ͬһԵǰ޿ޡḽ𣿣빴һĨΣյЦ⣬Ǹˣ
΢΢һԵЩɣϵĻȥˣûл
ŶոմÿıԵЩ죬ƿǰ˵ȥ컹ûл
ǣϡҵͷ͵ĸˡ
볶һ˿ζԶЦ⣬˰βŵ˵ͷԭ~
գҶǧһ˯Ѻ󣬾Ȼٴδš֪ǲ˯̫õԵʣԴǰЩԵøĻǡ
ʰϺҶǧŮ̺²ݲݳЩΪͷҶǧû೤ʱٴλص˯ȥˡѵʱҶǧԽԼˣճԱ˯˯˳ԣʲôҲùܣź򡣱ЩС˵дļ֮УչĶǵŮǣ֪Ҹ˶ٱ


ڶ ʧ

Ҷǧٴ˯ѺɫѽƻˣҶǧǵԴĿǰ۵ǵīաīգô˰
īռҶǧһһΪҶǧ任·һ˵Ī¶졣ЩӣʵЩһ˯һ죬ոҲüѲ
ŶҾȻ˯ôҶǧ䶯һɫԵЩžһݵԼ΢΢һī˵ģԼȻģǳ˯ȴҲκëҶǧƺ뵽ʲôĿһ̶վīնߵ˼䡣
ī΢΢һĿԵЩ죬һ˵Ҷǧ˵ͷˣ³ȥʱһĳأлĻҹʱĺӡ
ȥ𣿡Ҷǧɻķʵ
ǰȥʥ˰īЩֵĻص
Ҷǧ΢΢һҹԼһֱڹʲôʱȥˣΪʲôԼһȴ벻īǲĪô˵ģԼҲϡǵҹȷʲôˡһ뵽⣬ͷֿʼ졣Ҷǧ̫Ѩһ𾪵žĿɿڴԼô˵Լʧˣ
ڴʱ˽Զ޷ӵЦݡߵҶǧߣƳһԵīգҶǧ״΢΢ǰһī˲أͷҲص˵īգȥɡ
ǡīӦһȥ
īߺ󣬱ٴλһЦ⣬˸ҶǧķڵСôˣն˯ѣıһӺõѽ
ҶǧͷǳЦ
빪ӣҶǧߺյĿ⣬һЦҶǧգЦԼӣ˵ܸأţ
βһ䣬ҶǧСһ졣״ԽЦĿˣֱֻЦ˵߰С䣬ʹǻȥء
īҪҶǧī껻ڿ˵ҪԼߣԼͬú˵˵ڿƺûлˡɫҶǧͬһ߳˹һȺŮӵźƺƵŴȥ
ԼĪʮӣϦۿ̫ͿҪɽˣʹԵý겻Ҷǧųǰ˼뻷Ҷǧǰ㶼ס˵ʵǶҶǧȤЩ
Ҷǧ俴Ͷĺ۹⣬ʱһĿĸоԼܲġҶǧ΢΢һЦŲŲ
ȺУֻһ˫Ŀͬ˵Ĳһ˫۾кЩΣЩᡣ΢΢һס˵Ŀ⡣ī̧Ŀ⿴룬ȴһƵĿҲĿԣƺһ˽ŵա
΢΢һЦٴθлʹٱл᱾̫Ҳȥġ
Ǻǣãá
ҹӭºͷݰ٣ʱһǰӭӡ

ʹһһ䣬ͣЦӦšֳϣҶǧȻȤһʹ˹Ƿһλ˵ıʹʹˡԼϤˣҶǧ˳


һ 

˹ҾЦ˵صҲףĿҹȵʥ۰бͷ⡣£úöԴǵ̫ǰ
Ҷǧͷһů¶м˵ͷʾ⣬΢ЦŻصлˡ˵գ̧Ⱥеī껡ȻīȴһֵҶǧ仹δüϸоһ£˼ͱԵıһ˻С
ĿҶǧ䣬Ц˻ص˻ȥתʥϣǧͬȻͶϣ⣬ĺţⱱ˵Ҳ֣һȻǳ˵ģȴǿˡ
ʹĺ˼䣬ɫȻҲͣ໥˱𣬱׷״ԼȥˡʹҶǧīıӰһܾúʲô鲻Ծȴʼշֲˡ
˶ߺ󣬱Ҷǧķ˻߰ɣС䡱
ҶǧĿԴ͵̧ͷһۣſڵŶá
״΢΢һüʱϼֳݡѾʼ˼ɱԤڵҪ˰ѵҹõĹƳ̼˶Ƶԭ𡭡̾һҶǧıǼ⣬Ц˵ҪȥʦȻȥɡ˵漴ɫһ˵
뿪ҶǧվԭأɵɵĿűȥķֱߵŮѵѾԶءҶǧŻجج˵Ĵӵ£ص˹֮С
һ룬Ҷǧ΢΢һ漴̧ͷʼһԵŮշٵʲô㰡
δŮڣīձһ˹΢Ц׵Ļū澽ȥҽҩʱҽƱ㣬žζˣŵҪЩŵ¯Ҫﲻϲūȥˡ
ÿʹףǻһ㣬Դ̼񾭡Ҷǧ˲һᣬòƸոǰˡ̧ͷīƺʲô漴˰֣ڵˣζ㲻´οɲҪˡ֪𣿡ȻҶǧ䲻֪īôᶮҩһ仰˵ãīҲá
ȻīʮϵҶǧ䴹Ҿū֪ˡ
˼ҶǧȻǷϵһСı䣬ûù˵ǣֻЩϵľ棬ŮǼ״Խ̵С̺ҶǧùţŮҲǳԾȫȥ
˶ߺīſڵ⣬ʵʥϷԸġ
ǰ˵ǱˣԼҲڵԼ֡ƺ飬û˼ΪԼЩ̫ˣǾī껶ڼ䶨ʲô⡣ҶǧǣԼôԶ׼ı仯Ψͷβûɹ뵽⣬Ҷǧʱļһʹ˼Ҳʹ˱Ͽˡ
ŶˣԸĶӰѾˡī˵ţӻóһݸҶǧ䡣
Ҷǧīн鱾˹ŷдŵĹƳȫ¼΢΢һĿҲԵЩ˸


ڶ Ұ

ţáȥɡҶǧ䵭Ŀڵ
ǡīʮԹɫ֮ˣףҶǧǼΪģʲô䲻׷֮ǰǲԸ֮ڵġǣīձʮϵĵ˵ͷȥ
ǻǰҶǧ䶨ʮϲī㣬ȴָŮӵġ˶ڱ֮⣬ƺκ˶᲻ȤŵζֻеǰδеѣɾҶǧŴߣϸⱾƳȫ¼
˵룬Ҷǧֿ󣬱ֱʦĹȥˡʦסĹȻͬһ㣬мĪĸоټĹֻλ̴һ̺šʦ˫ͷȣڹ
ڵ˽һǲɢе̴ӡߵʦǰһ˫ȻһиϼΣյζʦʲô
ʦȨȵֽ˽ָָ̧һԵ̫ʦΣԲĿڵɣ¡ҲΰڹſھþõȲ£֪ȴ̫ģν
ߣùʦ֪ģ֪ܲҶǧǶҽ𣿣ԵЩŭһ˫ȭգĿԽԵͱˡ
»Ϣŭô˵ҶΪ˵ºð¶ʮǲһµʱ˰ɣ̫ϦദڵĶƣҲԽԽԾ˰ɡʦ̧ͷӭŹѵ¶ſֲϴ˿ֳһĨЦݡ
΢΢һĿһῪڵΣ
ѵ²Ը⣬𣿡ʦϵЦԽˡ
ʱɫһʦ˻⣿
ʦȨȻ˵иӿϵĽƣһܱ̫һ֪¿Ȥһأ
Ŀʱһ˿УǺη
ĪȫķУվĸ۲𣿡ʦ۹һУЦſ롣
ߵ棬̧ѵ˵ʦʲô𣿡
ʦתЦЦ²ģҪģʵΪ˵ˡ
һͣĿһŹʦЩ˵ƺʱʲôվһ￪ڵ͹˹ʦҰ˰
ңͷ²ӮҲ𣿻£ȥҿЩ£ǳȴĺá˵գʦתȥ
ԵʣҶǧѵûޣʱѹҶǧڰǰСŤһСдʲô¯ȼҶǧСü΢̧ͷԶټɳ©Ҫ©꣬Ǳûл»˵ѵ˻Ҷǧٴδͷǰ飬
ơǶôֲһֹƳ氡ܹǾɰʩߡвǣܹջû˼ż룬㲻ẦҵĶ԰̻µĸףҲĶҰ㣬ҲĶ𡭡
뵽⣬Ҷǧ䲻ɵһͷʹ֮£ֻúǱƳȫ¼ԼԼдǸСһͬŵһС֮Уֲ˴¡һк󣬲Ż·ϴЪϢˡ


ڶ ûл

գҶǧһǰ˹˸ǵĶͷ۴߿տҲ¼ܡҶǧͷһҹһҹδ鰡
Ů̺£ҶǧݲЩʳʼʱŮ¶ɫҡҡͷҶǧ仹ֱ̫࣬һľϯֱĻ粻ѣ֮£Ҷǧֻصٴ˯ȥˡ
ҶǧٴʱΧĶζǰվһǵīӰ塣Ҷǧ˽΢΢һӰ˶ٿڵɻã
Ӱݵѵ¶ļֵǣҶǧ˾㣬ǸԼСȴһӶԴԼСӡ뵽Ҷǧ䲻ɵ¶һĨԴЦݣ΢΢ҡҡͷڵһãЩӵ״ĪҪˣЩ£д㡣˵գҶǧǰԼһ㲵ݡ
īӰ彻һٿǰŵҶǧ䣬ɵ÷׷֪̾ʥΪ㣬û뿪ɹ
㲻Ϊ񾭵˷ܼŨУҶǧǿάһ˼ΧžǸήƣݵԼҶǧ䲻ɵñԼ⵽ʲôˣѵ˵Լǵһ
붼ûлȻҶǧľ״ȴÿ£ÿնҲԽԽ󡣱һҵάĸʱѣȻЩӣһʱҪһˡô㣬˵˺ҲǼģ棬īӰ˵ʲôҲԸˡҶǧȴǲʱ˸˵ķžΪԼʩ룡
ҶǧΪԼʩʱǡñŮײŮһæܳȥѰұˡʶĻɢҶǧ伸׼ȷѨλҶǧݺݵԼָһ룬ĩǿҵʹУҪʧȥʶ΢΢Щ
Ҷǧҧ´̧ͷžûʲôԼЦû뵽Լһȴձһ򵽣תһ˲䣬ԼѾ¶ģҲŰ顣֮һ־ܵסģܲס飻ܵס飬ܲסġҶǧЦȻֹǰʱޱߵĺڰҶƮȥ
ʧһܵıٴγ̫ӹ֮УһŶ룬ڵϲʡµҶǧʱޱȵϸֳһĨǰδеľʧ롣һ˲ãԼƺҪʧȥĶˡ
æȥҶǧ䣬Сķ޴֮ϡü΢壬ҶǧݵѣԼݵӣϸ첲ܲϸСۣĺһּΪİĸоָоƺǿе֮аɡ
̾һ̧֣ҶǧĿڣ˹ָԼָҶǧĿеѪܻЩƷɵȣǰǣҶǧ䲻ǿԼˡ
ʱԼƺߵʲôͷһ㷢˴µһӡ΢΢һ˺ӣһһɹҲеĹƳȫ¼Լһ۵СС뵱һԭдŵĶЩճ¼ˣǽЩӵļ¼涼һ䣬ûл


һһʮ  

ɫһ۹΢ͷ޴һ㲵Ҷǧ䣬ʱͷһʹǵõһ˺ããʱԼָо˵Ҷǧ䲢Ǿɫڰ׷зŵһĨʣȴκξնȲ˵ġ
ٿڵҶǧ䣬ϢһĽԼҪ𣿣۹һеСһѽҶǧ˻У˫۽ֽǻе˶ӵĺ֮⣬ûκλӦ
ҧҧ򢣬ٴ̧ͷʱȻгݵļᶨĽҶǧ£⿪Ҷǧǰ¿ۣһʵ͸ʯͷҶǧ׼ĳԽעĿĿᶨһѽǿʯͷóذ׺һСƿ޳ɵĻҶǧ
ʺѪҺʱ˳ָܷܷ˳ֱ£˫ѪĹâСƿСĽҶǧѪһΡΡΡֱСƿŴһԵĹȡɴҩ࣬ΪҶǧҩһк󣬱̧ҶǧɴյԼ㣬ӡһǡС䣬ٵȵȣϾͻˣϣ
˵꣬Ȼȥתһ̣޴Ҷǧյ˫ۺһžӨ飬˳Ȼ䡣߳ңԸ̫Ҫκ˿κˣ
ҲĿ룬еֺݾ֮ɫƺѾܾûп˰ɡǣӦ̧ͷԶգκһĨЦ⣬ϻ»ҵİɡ
īӰһͬҪΪ˼ī껣Ҷǧ⣬ΪҲȷȥʲôȻīǴϢͬԤһҶǧ뿪ǵīպӰ»صʹ֮ʱԶһˣǱݺī껡
ǵ̫ӹ󣬽һ̫ӹһŮûУȴգӰһīǰϣСġ
Ȼīȴɫһ䣬죡ǧΣգ˵գһԾһԵ¥Ӱīæϡ
˱ܹ˶Ŀ̫ӹݶ֦ͷƮЩơΧžЩˣīվݶعͷӰʹһɫӰᣬīָָ档īյ˵ͷ䵽˵ϣƽߵ̫ӹſڡ
̫ӵ˵һɲÿͷڵ


һһʮһ  

λ磬ū̫ѾߣոķԸȥҽҩ䱸Щˣū澺øȥī˵̧ȥ
ڴʱˢһſԵסīյȥ·˵һɲÿٴθ
žҹ˷磬һ绮·ԵĹƺݶϣī껰Ϸ򣬰д˹Χյơ
ī۹һ˵λ磬û̺ˣʱǵİ~
ī˵ĻȫûǣɺīſڡīտΧڵǹţſڵλһλصīպ̧ͷŲӸ
Χǣͻĺȫ˹ǰλüͷһƾҪǰīץīһ㺰ţһҲȫ˹ǰҲһץסīյĸ첲ī΢΢һЦһֺֻ̧ǰһɨҪӽīյ˲䵹ء
īյŷӦķӦܸīյģīһתֿסţһһֵ£ǿ׳ʱȥīյֵһ˲䣬īͬӰҲɽΧļˡ
˽빬Уֱ䡣Ĺҹȫֻ޴ǰȼһյơ޴֮ϣҶǧ侲һհӨմ˿̾ήƲѣݣ촽ҲԵúѪɫ
īվǰǳУ˲ԼʱΪβǿӲһ㽫ҶǧߣԼ֪ҶǧһòãҲῪ˵ˡңң
ϣȴ߰ɣˣӰվһԵѵ
īŻعǰСĽҶǧ䱧ڻСƺë˶Խī껽˽ԼĻ̧ͷԸߣ
ǻδ䣬ֻȻһӰ롣ָŻҶǧİӣ콫̫£
īӰ״īǰĿҡϣߣӰعͷ
īֱֱĿңǱôȥˣī۹⽥䣬Ժӵĵš
΢΢һǰĶԼȻϵã㻤ſһӵƵ˿϶һ㣬ڵΣս׶ΣϵʱԽöԼԽҽ˽ȭͷһī껵ӭֱϡ


һһʮ ʥŮ龧

ī껵ӰȻǳصģīͬӰǰ˲ʱһҺͱһʱ䲻Ӱī껵ʱ̣ݣӦǶҲԵࡣһʱѷָߵ͡
ī껲֪Ǳ⶯˻ΪĻеҶǧ䣬һ˫г˲͵һߵһԵĹƣһɢʱ˳Ҫ֮ʱī΢΢һһ
ƶǡûҵѣֻͺһʱϥȥعͷŵĿī껡ˣôߵĸоõԼȹǶˡҷɢעһɲǣӰֻ䲱Ѩλǣͬһ˵ϡ
ߣīһ£ԼȱҶǧᴰӰͬīϡ
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ۿŸ߸ߵĹǽǰӰһ١īæʵôˣ㶯Ȼûжī껣ʲô£ī껻عͷʵ
ӰæԼ˲أҡҡͷû£˵ձ㳶˳īյ䣬ʾͬԼī껵Ĳ
ڴʱԸüңīƳӰֿ֣˿Ҫϵü΢嵭Ŀڵ뿪⡣˵գٴζһԱȸոջҪһ㽫ЩԶԶ˦˿
ңɹʹԵĻ̡̻ʦڣһΪСУһ͸ʯȶ˫۽գɫҲԵЩ԰סԶʦдʵĻе˫ͷȨȡǰŵȻʽҶǧǿʯͷȻͬǣʱǿʯͷɢһֹĹâ
Ȼʦ¶һĨ΢Цֵָָ̧ʱֵ̧һ˲䣬Ҳ̧һֻ֣󴦻Īĳһʺĺߡֱֱ˹ʦУʦһʲôһ߽Ǹǿʯͷϡ
ʱԭ˫۽յıͻȻѪ˫ۣͷҲðŶĺ飬ü壬˿ˡǿʯͷҲʼɿתˣٴη֣ԭϵĸʲôߣѪ
ʱǿԭʰ쵵ʯͷ𽥱ҫ۵ĺɫˮʦȨϵͷҲʱһ㣬һ˫۽صǿʯͷʦĵĿڵΰʥŮ龧㷢ʥĺӰɣζɿڵѪΰʥŮ龧㷢ʥһйԭλɡʦԴԴϵţĿ֪ԭʯͷʥŮ龧
˹ʦĻʥŮ龧תѪҺҲƺٵĴˡȻʦƵһĪľϲ˷ܡ
ԼĪһʱ䣬һʱ˹ȥڴʱʥŮ龧ҲֹͣתʦæСĽ龧ŵһСУŵʯϻԲѵı룬¶һĨЦ⡣źʥŮ龧󣬹ʦߵߣ֮ǰװҶǧѪҺǸСƿյߣȫι˽ȥ


һһʮ ж

һк󣬹ʦװʥŮ龧ĺӣ߳˰ҡ򿪺ӣһʺˮȻǰӸոտʼʦϾһֱһĨЦݡ
ڵõˣӵȫĹڣˣʱСΪҴұȫ~ʦԽЦĵںɫµϣĶεϲá
ɹʳǱ߾һʮͨĿջīСĽеҶǧ˴ϣֻīգڷԸ·˵ձ˸ڵķ䡣
һƿţֻӰһץԼ֣Եʹ಻ī껣ӰæԼ֣ӲĽһʹҲ˻ȥī껼״ü΢壬Ӱߣһֻ֣ȫڣȻ˶ȷе˵Ӱ˹ƶ
ܣ𷣡ӰѾˣͷ֣µ˵š
īû˵ֻüͷϸӰġɫۿɼٶȲī껺Ӱȥָ£˳첲ϵľֱֱ£ֱ󴦡ī΢΢˹ǺɫֹͣɢơӰŵ̧ͷī껣г˾ηлϳȡ
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䣬ӰͻȻī껱ȥлûз£ݶ¶ġӰͷг˼ᶨ
ī̧ͷź⣬ҲԵЩ˸ֻĵĿڵҵˣȻԷ
ɹĹƳȻǳɹⶫ½һطж֮ˡī̧ͷһͨĲͨϣһ˫Եø
ӰҲվЩɵ˵
ȥӰնǰȥϹȺ֪ͨպӭս׼һսǾҪˡī˵꣬㾶ֱ˳ȥ
Ӱ忴Լںڵģ̧ͷīȥķĿǰǵӣһӲԷӲԼ˵ӣ
īٴ֮ǰķʱīѾΪҶǧ任˸ɾĲ£ī߽īձ¹ʺãȻīֻǰ˰֣ȥӰǱ߰ɡ
ǣīӦһ󣬱˳ȥ
ī껰ҶǧǣԱ֣СĴյԼߡҶңǿӲһЩɹͺˡī껵г˺ҶǧϸָڵģƴȫὫκãӽԺҲ뿪߰벽ġ
īֻӰԼʮڶɹ߾һСеȺţɹͲ㣬ī껵شλþֻаյ·̡Ҳ˵ڶ˻غϣӰ˹ƣǿ˹·ĻҪҪ˵ã첲˵ʲôҲסˡ
īǸеĵˣϲΪԼ棬ȥԼĵǵġˣӦùȫ֣סһԼҪӦñˣ


ڶһʮ ȥ

գɫδҫ֮ϡϢһҹī껵ˣ˿Ѿ
ջ̬ӺݵϰͣĴŹǷīҹʣī껵ͷ͵ıһµҶǧ䡣
ϰ˺۵ĿīԼ˯ŮӣЦ˵λ͹٣ҼҵлۣǰӣҪ͸һɡ
īոͷһī껵Ȼīȴȿڵãϰһ˴Ӧɴ࣬Խʹˣ̲סֶ࿴˼ۡ˵òƽƽɢȴƲۣеŮҲʲôɫȴ˲ĽԼǸվ֪ǶѸܡ
ϰһЦī껵Զ̾һת߽˵ꡣǸһţӿһڴջ͵شƫƧ˱ûʲôˣ˵⹬еˡϰʱһΡΡͷʵλүǴⰡס갡
˵ģջķȫгͷ˵
عүĻǿջûûסϰﱻ˵ƣŵȷ
ʱͻȻɢӺ߳һ·һȳһգȻȽ⡣ֻվϰǰڵ˵ûˣǾǸոˣ
ոաСĸˣߡ
һУĸˣǴĸߵģôߵģ˵
ϰﱻôһ𣬶ʱ̯˵ϣصǡǳȥˣһһɫ
һԵҶ˵ؿڸϹȥ϶ǳȥҵ˵ͷԼʹѵȣϻһ˿ݡǰԼԼȴӣǸˣ˭ֻҪڣ뽫̫ߣ
īԴԴϵҶǧҶǧ䳹ʧȥʶͺֲһ㣬ֻܿάϵī껱ϾⳤʱīҲЩԲˡ
ƿҶǧؿڵƣī껶ͷҲϸ΢ĺ顣Ҷǧ䱻ԼݵݣҶǧ˫ֲɵֽ˽ͷ˰գεĳ̾
˵īһ˿쵽ɹ߾ʱȫ̡ͨش߾Ȼ٣˴Ȼ˻ɡī껱Ҷǧ䣬ǽµһ˻͡
Ӱһīϱŵʱһ漴ڵϣؿڱˣΧҲûڣӽ糿ؿڸ
˻īһĵȻ˿ɾĵطҶǧķŻعͷ˵ˣȥͺá


ڶһʮ ս 

ƻʱ֣ĹؿڣŽһաСеĿջȫһЩֻѡ·ߴһλͽϴߵſڣһЦݵһԵĹٱʵλүźʱ˵ű͵͵ǹٱһӡ
ǹٱ۹һæӴ˿ڴɫֻ˷ڿʱһʱỹء
Ŷߵ˵ͷۻ׵ĺӣʵǶǸ̵̼֣ɹѺǣϰɣ
ǹٱüһ壬ٶǮ˵һ̧ͷԶ߹Ӱʱ𵽡ȥȥȥһߴȥôϻ
߼״۹һϣһ˳Ʊ㵹˵ϡΧʱȸܵ˶ʱĿͶٱ֮ǰǹٱΪֹһҲ߽ô£ǹٱɹԲ֪˵ʲôƺڽ͸ոյ顣
ʱȺҲ߳˼ˣƺǺһģֻæߵߣ߷һӣָǹٱߵ˵䳤ɣǶǹؾصľ֮ˣһûû͵ɹȴ⣡к⣿Ŀ棬Ȼϸһ˲Ӱһ
Ϊλ⣿˭
ʱص磬ӰһĿī껳ʵҪֵһ𴳳ȥ𣿡˻һǷ׷һѪĿī껡˵ǰǳ߽ս֮󣬾ҲûѪɳĸоˡ
ī΢΢һЦعͷĿ˫۽յҶǧ䣬ԣҪһͬȥһҪһȥ
Ӱһ⻰ʱЩͷԼģĬĬˡһ룬ī껱عͷ˵شɹڣӲȻǱ״˵˴Ҫȡ
˻һΪī껵ˣԷȻǵһ˵ī껽ƻ˵ȻǾ޶ī껽Լȫɢ嵽̼֮УǰλȻīݵġ
ӰһһΧڶ˵Ⱥжʱ˼Ӧ֮
ǣ
ƾʲôҪѺǣ
ţţ

Χӭ֮ԽԽ࣬ȻкߵȻī껵ˡ˶ǰȺģǳһѹֵ״̬£λΰ˵ѹȣз
ϵĿһЧƺԼԤڵҪࡣ
԰꣬԰꣡һЦݵĸ˵ǹҲʵΪѣȻһĲġ
ΧļˣȻǰڵһλġ˵ǻ׿ӦڵĲô϶Ĵ򷢵İɣǺΧĺҲ㽥ʧˡ


ڶһʮ ս 

ʱڵϵߣҲڼҾĲֻվӺ󣬿˵׻˵߱ǿͣҵȶǰɹó׵ˡɹḻ٣ûЩˣɹʲôȥչأǽɹڲ˵һλ֣֪ͨܶɹԱĻŶж٣
˻һΧ˶ʱֿʼСˡ΢΢һ̧ӿλߣֻ΢΢һ̬ӵģƽĿ⣬ȴôƲۡλٱʱɫֳŰŲ֪˵ЩʲôǰζʲôӦ
ͬʱΧĳԽһЩѾʼƿڴеѾͬߵĹٱȭۿԽܿƣŰڻڰеʲôҲ֪ںδ״չȥò˶ӵǶ𷴿Ȼ˵ûɹķչҪǿŽóףȻǲܶЩ̼ʩ
һĪչ֮ʱīߣλүΪֻһλ䳤أ
Ȼһ̧ͷī껣ֻĿϻֳһĨ΢ЦһŸ԰꣬ոƺʲôᣬλүȥһϢ˵գīһơ
īȻ΢Цŵ˵ͷӰһʱǰȥֻī껻عͷ΢΢˵ͷӰһȻףڸԼԶȺеīͬӰҲһǴʱҪǱҶǧ䡣
īŰһɾڣһݱ˸ī껱˲֮ǲɢˡ˿̾ʣǶˣ´ī껣Ŀг˾衣˰βſڵӹǲĻϢɣȳſˣ֪ͨǵġ
ī껵ͷζűе裬Ŀڵؿڱľ˰ɣ䳤ɹսŴ˻ȵĲˮ𣿡
Žһ٣ɫһĻعͷī껡ֻΪִ̼磬һȴһܱġ־ѹԵƣһֻϿһ˱ɹ̫ӱ룬ڶλǰˡͬ˲òϷƲͬǣϵƣһֻȻɵŷӵơ
ɫתīڵ֪λǰ˻
ī껻˲豭عͷֱֱĿ򰬹ţҪû´Ļ䳤Ҳ֪Ϊλзؿ´ɣ
ɫһ䣬ԽǰԵɲ⡣λǰֵ̼ĻȰȵȴſԴҹ֮£ɱҽ⡣һȻ˵Դǣûмơ
īЦһǸϧ֮ź㣬Ϊؿڵĳó׷֮ʱȻôҪսһȻⲻڻҵˡ
Ҫ˵ֱ̫ƽʢɹǰøոպףôᷢսҡܰڽƱ磬ǴĿⲻѿѾҡˡ
ſð׶֣īɫһڵŲ㣬ֻڿ˳ţұұһǰá
˵㻰ˣ϶̼ô򵥣һ㰬ɵҲ᲻׵ġǾ˵ĺһ㣬ƾ޾ݵģҲ¶ۡһţɾѹ֮ﰡ˵ûսԼǵһġ
ڰԥ֮ʱеһʹǰһڣ˱ʧȥʶī껿ŵڵϵİţɵЦһϲϱңԺҪ԰
ǰվڸ߸ߵĳ֮ϸСվŵʱ㱨ʲôҽսȭͷʧʧΨһĳѱҿӵóȥ£ǲʧģ
ʧƬ̵İٴγȺ֮УȻߵȴˡۼǷ׷ѯȻ΢΢һЦšλ̼֣ίˡ
ͻıʣԶŵ˰ŷӦ˳š֮ǰȺӰҲʼغϵһŴȥ
صĳŻȻɫǶ˵ʱǽǮԶڸҹ·˵ȻϰΪ¡һӶֻ̼ʻǰһַ̻ǷС򣬴˿ѽĻָƽ
ҿ߳ȺһڵĿ¡иոյս飬ҧҧ˫۵ɵϴ˷ŭ벻ġ


ڶһʮ 

˫ȭգڷŭ˶²ˣһԺһλٱ
£üԲ͵ʵ
ǹٱܵǰ˵š䳤ˣ
΢΢һæȺпȥڶԵʣѲӰģæʵ
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ڶһʮ 

Тĸˡ¶һĨο΢Ц
ʺȥ˼ˮű֣Ц˵û˾ͺãû¾ͺá
ĸ󣬿ЩҲûϢðɣ񺢶ѾûˣȻȥϢɡ˵ɣԼ֣ȥ
ʺæתڵȥģ
վŲعͷ΢΢һЦع
ʺæ㸸Ҳܵ㣬ҪȥĿ
ʺ¶һ˿Ȼ΢΢һĸȻʲô鲻Լ֪ѵ˵Ҷǧʲô£ʱͷһĸ󣬻ʶЩȥʡ˵ձͷҲصˡ
ʺ̾һԼĶԼȻãİǸǹʦ˵Ҫ뱱볹װѽƣҶǧҲͲһܱס֪Ҷǧ䱻ȥʵзЩģǹʧܽܡ
ᣬҲѰǽƣӣΪѡЩò绨Ĺò˶ãҲǸҶǧġ뵽⣬ʺҲûɵıȥˡ
һ·󲽸յſڣҹſڡڱĳ֣ҵһӦȻϲãһ뵽ԼվǹΣҳűϹϾĿһͷﲻˡ𷣣
ôһ˵ʱɫһ䣬һѲҳ嵽˹ڣȻֻйڵصŮûҶǧӰոհ˽ƣ˵״Ǻܺã˿һʱӿ
Ȼתһץסҵ콫Ҷǧأ̫߱ȥˣ˫Ѫ죬һ꣬ǶʱʺѪҺ
ĵͷصµĻ̫̫˴ˣǡǻս顣
ս飿侲ˣӵһߣ粽߳˹̧ͷ۸߹ҵϽֳһĨаȵ΢Цټ֮ǰѪȾǣ˿Ѫī껰ī껣˱Ůˣ򱾹ս飿ôǲ̫˰~۾һУɢΣյζī껣֪𣿱ϵĶһߣ
ңս
΢΢һæӵϷϹϾĻصǣ
ʮ꣬ʮգʽս
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һƽսԵø߹ѣ˿̵սӪϸеܱܱ˵ī껴ͷβûгֹȻ֮ǰսű󣬿νǺ©ܵĲīͰźõġ
һ䣬˫ȭеܱʱһֽмԼī껵Ǵ˸ƽ֣ҪīɳֿĲ˵īṴǣڵ˰ʦ
Ҫ˵ЩùıҪΧЩСˡɹǶ½ǿ˫һս˵꼰Լ˵īͬ˿ɶǳصģսթīıͻս˭޷ԤϵյĽ֡


ڶһʮ پ

ʮ꣬¶ʮһա
ϻңѾ˾Ѯյաһ·ī껵ڵִ򣬶ӰϹҲǰһִ
յĵ´ùŵʱǰ࣬ҹĻոս٣ʮֽվſŲӡ֪ҶǧҪʱÿ춼źȺֱҹʱԶʻһֱֱĸǰ΢΢һ㶣һ˷ܵӭȥǻûܵǰɫһ𽥷˽Ų
ֻһȴűִϱһˣԭأٹãжԶɿһϳ˻еŮҶǧ䡣Ҷǧӣϲ˱ġ
æӭȥī껻еİŮʱһʱ־Щ㱡ԡԲϴˡɫһתȥ
ȻʱӺ˿ڣӰǵ𣿡
תһ𾪵Ŀǰ绪ӡĿʵ㡢ǣ˵Ӱ˲ŸոյģҶǧҪҲԼģȻǰô֪ģѵбŵģҶǧ䣿Խˡ
ī껴ǰŮӵϣѾõԼҪĴ𰸡ûлشĻǱҶǧԽֱ˽ȥվԭ룬æ˽ȥ
ڵĽӰ˾ƺҲһű㿴˻Ůӵī껣Ӱȭ򣬡£μʥϡţ˾Ҳȭ񣬼ʥϣ
˻һ˵һ㶣δӦī껱㿪ڵңؾϹٹģ
ǧ𣿡ʱϹĲ˳
īһȷϹˣ㿪ڵϹٹˡ˵գ·Ҷǧ֮ǰסǸԺȥϹҲʮɫĸȥ
ʱϲī껻е˭ǾĿȥˡ׵ȻǴûʱ£С㣡Сô˰˭ңǵСô˰ء
˾ͬţȻҲòȥֿҲһµʱ䣬ҶǧΪλˣ˾һ˫ȭգеĻʱȻΪʲôΪʲô
Ҷǧ⣬ȥȴӰ
ţǸסˣǰһڵ֪ʥߵĺˣĿǰҪˣÿðǽȥ˵գȥ
ɱӰģӰһԺ¶ʵ⣬вЩпε̾һԴ˵ġʥϣĵģҲҪ
Ӱôһ˵Ͻ¶˼ɻ󣬴ʼǶûмҶǧֻ֪˿̵ԲѡǾƽ޹ʵŽӰĻʵǲ̫סѾ̯ڸĻ޳һˣصټϴӵĿнǲ
ţ˵Щʲôʱ˾վһڵʥϽȻƭǣǾȻȥɡ
˾֮ô˵ΪīȻҪȱ뿿ࡣټ֮ǰһ˽⣬ѡţҲֻѡš
⻰
С~ЯʴҶڿ֣û֮ϵЦڣУŮӦоУӭ·ôô~


ڶһʮ Ҫӱ

´ԼҶڰǰͽ˷ޣΨҶǧڵİûиı䡣ڣеһжǰ״̬еĴ輸ζɾ࣬شÿ춼ɨ䡣
ī·߽ڣֱ߽ҶǧСķŵ˴ϡϹź˫վһԿīæǰæ󡣿ŴϵİݣԽɻѣʵ۸磬˭ǧأ
īûлشֻǴһˮСΪϵ˲Ϲߵ˸ǰϸĴţһżϤİӳҰСϵ˶ɫήƣݣ촽ѺѪɫ
ϹʱۣСһƲڵʵ۸磬ǧǧô˵գѻǡϹæĨᣬ۵ĵǡ
ī껿ҶǧݣʱĲѣü̾һתͷϹ˵ϹٹյǸҶǧ䣬ѱʹѵģҲֻ԰Ҳ˵Ҫԭ򡣡
ϹݺݵĨᣬ۾ʵңôſ԰ǧ㣿
˽⣬ǧ䣬˹ƶī껿Ҷǧ仺˵
ƶϹʱɴ˾ȵӣĻҶǧǰǡǱøȥˣ˵ʱϹĴ۾нһ顣
ī껿ĪʧϹûлش𣬶˵ϹٹǧͰˣڳһؿǵġ
ʵ۸磬ңīôһ˵Ϲæعͷ׼Щʲôȴī껴ˡ
Ժ顣īһԵ˵
Ϲ̾һ˴ϡֻԼϵһֻɫȡҶǧϣʳָᴥҶǧüģ۾дʡҶǧϵӹâһϹֽϵҲʼ죬ԼĪһʱ䣬Ϲ۾ŵĿڵǡǶƣ
īĿһæʵʲôǶƣ
˶ƵˣڶʱǾɰʩߡϹʹ˵ȻʱƣйὥʧȥʶɲԲľż
ī껰һԣнһĨ⡣룡ҶǧܵĿ࣬Ҷӱ
˰Σīվߣ³Ҷǧһʵν⣿
Ϲδѵϣ˿ҲһĨݣ˹ƣΨʩĶƲſԳ׽ģֻʹƳ붬״̬


ڶٶʮ һҹ

ϹٹƳ˯ǧʱī껱ŵֽճȭͷҲֳһĨ⣬ȴǰƽ
Ϲ¶ɫӻشҲ˵ãһʱֻһ죬пһֱ˯Ҳ˵áϹ˵˵űֺ۾
ī껿Ŵϳ˯ŵҶǧ䣬üƺҲ޷չһ㣬ֻ˵ǧͽϹٹˣ˵ձת˳ȥ
īߺϹعͷϸҶǧ䣬һ˫ĵĴ۾ҲһǧԲҪǡҪҿ˵һӻص˰ǰһҹһԼҹ
ԼͬȥʱǡҶǧ䣬Ҷǧͬص˷ڡԼľҲ˻ȥԼһ˴ʵģʱڱķںһֵĶںĵʹ£Ϲ˱ķſڡķŲûϹƿ˽ȥ
ȻǰһĻȴŻϹֻ뵹ڵϣʹ˶һϹæ˱ԣø磿ôϹû˵꣬ϵıһѱסʱҪϡȻϹӳھͱһֻĹƳ棬ֹƳᱻ
Ϲʱһεʱ뵯˿Ϲæ˻ȥΪСͱĺܺõԵʣһ̱ϵĳϹ־ȷСڶ죬Ϲðľϻʵ۸˱̻˳
Ϲҧ촽ҡҡͷסᣬĿᶨĿҶǧ䣬ǧ㣬һҪȹ˵պӿŴóһѾµذףɵĻԼĴָʺѪҺʱӿ˳ϹæҶǧüԼ󴦸һΡű˫ֽۣʳָഥһֽᣬдʡ
⣬īվԺ滨£ɫ¹⾲͸֦ǵīϡʱѾӣī̧ͷյɵṴǡң뵱ԼµȺҶǧ䣬ʱЦ绨ǡ˵ǹԼûбս뵽ԨС
뵽⣬ī̾һ΢΢˹һԾ滨עǰڵĻ⣬˼Զ
ڣһϹĶͷѾϸСĺ飬Ҳ˲̬ĺΡʱҶǧԼͷѪȻ漣ʧˣϹҲʹơϹִԼСͳСҩƿһҩƿװĵǺɫҩ裬ǳƵѪ裬һǺɫģһź˿ղˮϹóһţιҶǧȥ


ڶٶʮһ Ը

գıΧҶǧ䷿ſڣ۵ĵǣȴʼû˸Žȥ
ΣյķڴˣϹһƣĴ߳
ϹٹС˾ǰʵ
Ϲü壬˫ͨ죬ҧ촽̧ͷȺվŵī껡ڵǧûѣֻȶЩˡ˵գִ
ī껴Ⱥ߳ƽĿڵˣȥϢɡ
~Ϲ̧ͷ˵ЩʲôīȴԽֱ߽ӡ
ī˽ȥһԵĴ۾߽ϹʵˣǿɷȥҼС㣿
ȻǿԣֻԳϹЦŻصǧ㣬ĺĽءе˶ʵĹ㣬㣬˵һҪ~
ȥѵ꿪ɣСµվţ᲻ĵġתĸ˵
˾Ҳͷ͵ǰҶλɣǵСֻˣúϢɡ
˳˼룬նɢȥˡ󣬰Ĩᣬ̧ͷϹϾϹ˵ˣѾʰˣϢһᣬһ¸㱸ʳȥ˵ձҲˡ
Ϲ˼ĻͷҶǧķ䣬̾һҲ뿪ˡ
ڣīҶǧһ㡣α֮ǰ˹ʱԶ࣬Щʱʧʵڵ̫ˡī껸˸ͷĺҶǧŴߡ
īԴ°İҶǧգĸȵԼȵĺҶǧȶˣīֻеһʯͷ˵ءҲףһвֻʱģҪҶǧ䳹׺ܹǱҪõҩġ
īĿһ䣬Ҷǧǧ䣬ģһὫҩΪȡ˺ˣҲһŹģ
ī껾ҶǧãʱĬʱ˵ʲôֱӰī껲СĽҶǧΪҴҴǣתŽӰڵǹؿǱ߳ʲô𣿡
ϵĻ˵ɹγУҷʿһ븹ʹкǰս³ԽӰʵĻص
սƻʵҪ˵صĶࡣīü΢壬ͷ˯ɵҶǧ䣬ȥɡ
ǡӰӦһˡ
ȻӰߣſڱֳһӰʵ۸磬˵綼ûгԶô˵࣬ȳԵɡ
ֻϹʳ˽СĽʳеԼµС˰ϡĲ֪ϹǵһЩź˵顣
īǰȥӹϹеĲ˵ȵطϡˣԺĪҪЩˡī껵ʮƽ˵ձŵĳ
ȻϹȴվһԣָͷһֹģ
ʲô˵ɡī껻룬̧ƽĿ
Ϲһņ̀ͷī껿ڵʵ۸磬Ը㡣


ڶٶʮ ȡ

īûɢһ¹һƽɫΪϹһ裬̶ʮְĳࡣǽӰӹдĹ裬ڸҲʮ崿
ڸиĲ赽ϹУȴֻЩɬֻǺһڱ˱ӣڳī껣Ŀᶨڵʵ۸磬֪ҹƵⶫ½ɹùƶ֮⣬ƵҲֻˡ
⣬ī껷̧ͷǰЩŵϹ΢΢һЦˣԵΪҪ
ī껻䣬ϹһӼæڵʵ۸磬ҹƵҲֻһˣ㲻Ҳǻʵ۸绹ǧİ
īĿ΢Ϲٹ˵ȻǸмǵ׿ڴӦ㸸ȢΪƾһ仰ޱʧ㸸ȡ£
Ϲһ˫üëҪšһһ˫ˮĴ۾ƺǣЩᡣƽʱʲô˵ʲôڸһ֮ľ˵ǲСʧԣ»۵ְǡ
룬Ϲſڵʵ۸磬֪ǧһǺˡҲףʵ۸ҲֻǧһˣȻҲҪһλֻһˣȥһһһ˫˵ӡڰǱߣȻȥʵ۸粻صǡʵ۸ȡף
īŲ豭΢٣һһһ˫𣿺Ǻǣû뵽˹Ϲͷ黳
īЦݽ²豭ĿᶨսһޱȥʱʲôҪᡣ
ī˿ڣϹظʮָмһ񣬼̶ִĲͳһЩƿƿ޹ޡʵ۸磬ƿҩֹѪ׺ܿġƿɫǷˮĵطһĹƳ涼῿ƿ裬һĹƶЩôġ
һѵƿƿ޹ޣī껲ɵþЩЦԼոûɿڣǲǾͲ׼Щóˡ
ȻѾ̸׵īȻǽЩȻˣ˻һ䣺չ˺ǧ䡣
ѹӰǣƥīһϮϣŹѤĿӰ󣬵ʵոմ˵ƺѵļҪȥ𣿡
ī΢΢һͷ´ڿһۣžȻˣ·ɡ
һӣ˻һﳤȥЩ¾͵ùϣһۣȻٶ࿴һۣĶˣ˱Ҳ߲ˡ
ſʱȴˣ˾ţ˾Ȼǹ壬ɹǷݹȻڡֻһᶨĿī껵ϣԸ׷ȥǰߣΪϹᡣ
ţϾǸˣ˵ЩֻЩŤ˵ϣ˵˵˾ȥЩɹĹǸһ٣ǵС𡣡
ҪĻȥ
ӰǴȥؿҷպơī껳˽ӰӰ΢΢һ㶣˾˵˾ϣû֨
Իĳٵϣĸ˲񱼣
ǧ֪ĺˣ


ڶٶʮ ǰ

ɽؿһСλڲɽϿսİնطȥˣ˴Ѿɱʱפˡ
ůɽϷȴһĨƣԼĻɢһɲôζպվΨһһֵüĲųݣ˫εĿéǰŶӵһʿ
ս½Ȼǵī껺µıʵʵ人ӣսҲʮֵͣձ㽫ɹı˻ȥûã㴫ԴϢ
ⱱݣанֱƻص˲ɽؿھڡս³Խ˭֪нһʿȻһҹ֮䶼ʼкȴҶΪʲôߣɾҽη֣ⲢһߣΪЩʿûдȾʿ
˼ȥɹùƳ棬ضʲôƶġѾ࣬ؿǱֲ£˽һԵЩɹô˽׷ᡣ
Щ˹ƶʿǣȻ˭ÿ絽к󣬻ǰƴѾ࣬ȥЩʿҲӶˡ
ˣ
Ԩһݸ˷պһ衣
պƿǿźɫҩ裬ССĳһǣҩ
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ոպƵҩ裬ҲһŰĵҩˡЩʱī껲ڣս³ԽһﶼʳѰ״̬ô֧ȥأԣԨڸ֮ǰҹҽ˺Щɲ֪ΪΣÿοЩжЩʧ֮⣬һλô͡
ʱһһ˻˵Ŀ˹ȥéſŶӵʿҲŶӣۺ˵ϡ
¼ʥϣպͬԨī껵£⼤ɡ
īһ¾ϡ˵ĿУ⻹Ҫҫ۰ٱǼҪĹѪһǼҪ
ī껾ձ֮ͬպƻغˣǰɫήһ̬ʿǣīüͷһ壬δǿڣ㽫еСƿӵԨС
ƿĻΪˮָңɫķָȫ¡īһһ˵
ԨȵĽסСƿæӦȥ
պƣģ
ؿԶĵطպ¶ɫҧҧܣʥϽ
֮ǰ˶ڹؿڵģؿԶϾ͵˲ɽϿȵĵطˣ˵ǰ߿Ҫеĸӽš
īüͷһ壬ͷߣǰ˵ǽˡ˵գһǣﳾȥ
պſͬīһ˾ţЩ죬Ҳ벻˭ȻʥԴˣҲֵ֮˰ɡ


ڶٶʮ ɽ֮ս

ӪڲɽԱһƽ̹ĵУ˵رɽǰһʵĽҲǸѹĺõط
ҹ¸ڵƻͨ
īλһȻɡ£ӰһպƵȸҪȫۼڴˣλ˵϶ǰδеƣ룬Ŀȴϣ
ǵģʱ̣ǵϣϣǷ治ɣǰλӣī껡
˵Уī껶ս˽⣬·Լ˽⵽Ĳࡣν׶㰵ѷɹ˱Ĵ죬ֱؿڼʧأıס졣
īü壬ƣɢƣɹùƳ棬䲻֪ϹҩǷããԾȻвͨġ˼ãīֽд֣ͣ
ʮʲôģīǰͬ˵
ճǼƣضķӣպƵվ˵Ҫʿ䣬ԼȡΣ̡ɵʱ㱻īؾ뾫ݾһλʿԲġ˵ҪԼ룡
ԴˣȻǼԣð̫ˣڽʿͬīһҹʼûֵùī껡ֻЭʼܵİţȫΣս͵С
ʮ꣬ʮ³һ
ʵī껣ʿʿ
ʱ֣ī껳˹ؿڳ֮ϣһɫԼɫ߶ԡ
£ϵı룬˹ǳһĨаȵ΢Ц̧ͷī껿ڵī껣ôҳأ̫Ϊ粻֪ȥĶȥأ
䣬ɹʿǷ׷׷ЦϣʿĦȭƸ޵κûзֻð
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ī껵ƽƽͺ̸һϸСһ㣬ǻȻɵȴݺӡ
˻һɹʿ׷ױֳĿһѵñī껣̫ӵ̫̫һ
ɹ̫Ҫѡڶ·˰ī껵˵ͷ˼
Ǿú۾ôģ΢΢۽УĶ塣
֮սױһսʷᣬΪ˶½һսʷƲɽ֮ս
ھؿʮĵؽ翪սսҹΪī껵һ·ƽƻɹңһӭأһ߰¹ơһȥˣɹŷʿ֪ʲôҩȻԱƶĹ
״ɹæıԣһ·ӭһ·ӴʩƴҰл˻ص˻ʹȥ˹ʦ
ҩôлʱ򣬵գһʿѱƶϮɹƵ±㿪ʼ͹Ȼȴ֪˼ټͲڹɹ롣
ڼ䣬ī׵ŴԡѪսֱ뱱ӭԾ
ʱƻ裬֪ǲϦ̫ԵʣȥһƬ⡣
Χཻ˻ŭཻ֮ϲ׹ī껺ͱվȺ֮нֲ£˵϶ٶ˲ʣ˫ͨ죬Ц壬Ѫһ㡣ȻīһʾˣҲ˿̵顣
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Աݣīûдֻһὣϡ
ͨ˫гݣϦֻкһźɫʯͷŭһʯдʣʱī껵ĽһĨѪ΢Ц˫ۺݾһīȥɣеıʯ뵽ī껵֮С
ϣպƴһһ̴ǰʿ壬ܵīߣµīȵؽ˻
պ۷ߺ޵̧ͷһ۱룬Ŵӻͳʲôߺ޵˵ϡ
ʱһɰð˳̫ӵ£СжΧɹʿæźˡ
ɢҰϦ֮ͣǰǿֻʣī˵档ս϶ʱɹʿĻ
ģȺ߳һĨɫӰԣΧ϶Цݡ


ڶٶʮ ݱ

Ĳݵ֮ϣٻţԼīһ£ʯǰŲ衣īɢ˼ֵ֮˼ζ
ɫܱߣ˺ɫ꣬ī껵һȾ˺ɫī껵Ѫ֮УԼһЦǰ侲ѪеĿȣŵ˼
ǣԼҪ߽ܵӽʱǰľȫΪһ̣һɢΨһµģֻʣһĨ΢Ц˰ɡ
һǰҲī뿪ĵڶ죬ҶǧһΣʮƽڴáЩȻܶڲԣõҲоõ˼ҲǸˡ
֪ԼǱī껴ģ֪ϹʱȻҲ֪ڹؿڿʼҲ֪һѤ̻ǱΪԼ˹ƣ֪ԭī껾ȱһֱΪǸӵһݵıǺԼһתȱӶǸȱһᣬһǣһȻī껡
ڸոĵһ´¶һѷΧԼߣǴСڴɵЦţЦЦžͿ޳ˣҲҶǧҲǿЦá
ЩˮδҶǧ˶һȦ󣬴ƷʲôĵҲ
ҶǧֵǣЩﾹȻûмţ˾㣬ѯ֮ŵ֪ī껱ǰȥˡ
ʮ꣬ʮ³壬ʮŶ䲻ǰǰ㽡忴Ҳиģˡ
˺Щӵ죬Ҳꡣ΢ҶǧҶүߵ죬ҲǶæţԼȥѰЩʳȥ˺ɽڼ󣬱㿴Ҵææ˹ǽģԼһ
Ҷǧ䣬ɵóһȴЩҶǧߴٵС㣬ԽԽǻǿȥɣ
Ҷǧ΢΢һЦֽɡ˹ЦⲻİɡоԼóʱûˣã߰ɣ
ҶǧѵãҲþܽӣĲɵĸԡ
Ĵ£һжǾȻӡ֪ǲԵʣֵϵ˵ҲٵĿ֪˸֮أҶǧ״ת뿪ʲôعͷǰ
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䣬Űɫϵ֣ҶǧһԼﲻԣǱ㲻˴ߵһԣ΢΢һЦݸһԪλС磬֪Ŵ˸пǳʲô£
ۼ״æЦԪҶǧļҵĴС㣬̬ȱҲࣺⲻɽǱ߿ɹǵĻʵǱȴϢ˵ǵĻʵ۰ݱˣⶼǴ̵£ҲѹЩС㲻֪Ȱ㰡Ǿ߰ɣǲʱҪˣ
ݱڵͷȣҶǧζûлۺ˵ʲôһҲûȥ
ʱҲ˹ſںǳ˵ʲôأǻʵۼ࣬ôܼݱأ˵ͣС㣬۲Ϲ˵ߣƱ㽫Ҷǧȥ
ۻָǵıӰ˵ǲɽǱ߷ɸ봫£м٣Ǹ֮ʣ̵и׼
һᣬҶǧЦĴ֣ˣõң㻹˽ҰֻԼģ
Ҷǧô˵Ҳһ극󣬴һֻҶǧߡӣ˵飬ʮа˾ģ
ҶǧȴɱЦݣֱҹķǲ׼ˡǣҶǧŴһ˯
죬ԭ˯Ҷǧ۾óһ˴ĺ󲱾
ҹƣʱ㽫ҶԺһɧţյƮԶ


ڶٶʮ û

⣬ͨɽĹٵϣһĨСӰڿ֮ϣһ·۳ҡ
ī껣ȱ㲻㲻㻹ûҵǸû̹ΪʲôҪƭңôһлҪ˵ɲ
˵ʵʹ࣬ϵⱻĥۣƨµƺǰ㲻ԼơǣڹŴ˵ݵĽͨʽˣҶǧѡ
ʮ꣬ʮ³ߡ
ɹǧƺƵͦ˲ɽؿڡڽʿ϶Աϲã·ǰѾϣȺƷʢ硣
ؿڵŵľһͣɹǧͦؿʱؿںͳźϡţΧǽϣȫ˼
һԵĽʿãмˣ
䣬ܵļ׷׷ļʸһܲǵصǧʿȥʱ˵˻ʹ
һ󣬵µǧʿ˵ˣ룬׵ı뽫ǰѱɸӵʿ˹ȥ˫ݵĿų֮ϵķպƣһĨаȵЦݣû뵽ī껿˲ĹĹīͬ裬ֻҪһ·ǣǰˣ۱̫ӽǻվǰˣˣ
վʿʬ֮ϣ쳤Цʱ˿ңҲѪոմӵޣѪ
ڱ˵պֻ֮Աǣ룬˭ǵͬˣ֪ɷǵãǻʵۻһλ磿
һ⻰ϵЦݶʱһ
ǵģī껴ӻʹг󣬹ڵһ㽻ī塣˵ҲˣʵīһıˣӸһ̯ӡ˵֮ǰҲЩ죬ô˵һīģīѼϼܰ㣬˹ڵ¡
ǰīɫǾԵϴЩ˵ûôջ󡣾ī껱ǰʱīǧ־ʳػĹ
ʱıЦݣ´ΧһԼѾˡܷŻȥѾδ֪һϣĲ
лһ˿壬һӻóһ鱦ʯǱʯҫ£ԵñȵʵѪҪޡ
һϴʱӦûһأ԰ɣЦ
պĿһ˶ٿڵʲô˼
ߣ˱̫ӵĹƶǹƶڣǱ̫ӽݻˣ˵ʲôҲˣڣ̫Ҫ򿪳ţ̫ӵִɹڣѴｻ㡣ȻĻգ̫ӱīͬھ߾űʯ
պƿеıʯһʱ侹Ȼ֪οڣ֮ǰϱнζܽߡǱ˵ģֲм١
ڷպƳ֮ʱǽһϵһʿӵеļʸűȡͷһ˲īɢ˵עʱ˹ȥ֮ôŮӣ
պƶһʱ
Ҷǧ佫еͷصȥĿʹĶһԾı룬룡ֹûУ
ҶǧӭŹ⣬ҵ⽫ҫĸ԰ףīҵɢʹԭЩӣԽٴһЩὫ䴵һ㡣
С䣿Ŀһϲնһ㷢Ŷһ̻ľӨ飬ԼǱҷߺ޵񡣱Ųһ٣жʱӿʧС
պƼ״æߵʿԸʲôʿᣬĬĬΧļȥ
Ҷǧӭ⣬ӸµĿű룬ʱΪֹǱʱ̡֫ļʸ˲ٵ˺ۣȻձ˼Ѫڡͷ棬ǱȥǶ
һżΪͬݸˣԲѹֻһĶԹĳ¼棬˱һᣬ㻬գ˵ǧǧʬϡ
룬ְɣûʤˣҶǧһһ䣬ǸȰο
ȻһһȦżʿǣŭ̫Ӳ䣡ⶼǱ̫ӵģ㣡ҶǧҲǱ̫ӵģ˵űϵĽŸ̨ȥ
Ҷǧ䣬վڸǽ֮ϣӿֻҧҧ´űķ򽥽ֱ̧ۡ
ݣһϸļʸƿ˱ϡ
Ųһ٣űȥ̧ͨ˫ۣ֮ǰҶǧǸ򣬵ȴʲôҲû
Ҷǧ䣬ͦصĴӸǽ߹ĿᶨִţȻһʵףȴȽ
ˣһжĽˣһжԼܣԼһʼǸˣͲкô·ˡ
ǹƽģԼһλᣬȻԼûϧһϴˣи˴ˣ˺Լˡ
廹ϵˣһоԼֽɣ
ǽ£۾ز𣬼ʿæȥͬûɹʿ̧ˡǽ϶ʱʤĺŽǣʿǻص
պһˣæȺзҶǧӰͷһֻһĨ¶㲵Ӱ·ϡ
պƳ
ҶǧŲһ٣عͷ΢Цſ
һ̣պȴĪЩ𺳣ǸŮӣ磬һЦĿᶨѡ͸¶һֲϲԼţָоԼ˶ЩԲλࡣҲһ̣ȻˣԼòǱȲҶǧ䣬˸һΡ
ʲô𣿷Ҷǧʵ
պһڵû


ڶٶʮ 

Ӫڣīɫ԰׵ϣӰǰϣǱϢˣ˵˵֪Ϣˡ
ī͵۾ԭʶĿдʱƣ룬ˣʲôвˣӰӶʲôģ
ϽӰŴ
ī껷ƿӣֻŵһȦһȦİײĶײЩɫ
Ӱ״æϧӣ򲻿Ҷ
īҧҧƿ˵ǰӰ壬˶סҪǺã
Ӱ֪Ҷǧī껵ĵߣֻҪй£ī˵ʲôҲЭ̫ҽѾ˵ˣ˴˵ĵطգǲúõǻ²ġӰСī껣˵ʲôҲ뿪
ȻīȴüͷһٶӰ壬˵ʲôҲҪһȥģѪĸˡ
ڴʱӪʵӱˣһʱһ˳ˡ
ī껣ҹԹţҶǧŭһڵǰ
Ӱæſ֣Цϣɷˣ͸ˣ˵ձæ˳ȥ
ӰһߣŶŷīȻ˲˵Ҳᡣϵŭȥ֣Ϊĵ飬ǰȥôˣ治ʡģ˻Ϲڣ£ҶǧȻ⣬ȴǺķī껡
Ҷǧֺī껱һ仰ҲûУĿȫϡŽߵˣīҲ಻סӣһչ㽫Ҷǧӵ뻳Сڻī̾һӵҶǧЦҺôҲǻϣҸòðɣ
īˣҶǧҲ³ʹī껵ЦĻ֮ǰҲɢȥ˲١ī껵ļ򴦣᲻صҧһڵȱҪװʲôʱ򣿡
ī΢΢һűɿ˻ͷŻе˶ʵǧ䣬˵ʲôأ
īʵҶǧҲûգһϵĺЦڵȱԲûϳ˵Ҷǧ˫б㷺Ứ
ī΢΢һЦЦĺů˸ҶǧīڵҶ֪ԵⶫǺ΢ģע˵ܻᷢעҪһˣҲܻүǾôһȦֻǱ˴˸ӿ̹İˡȻǶѾôǾҶǧ䣬Ҿī껡ǰʲô֮ǰʲôֻҪԺǻһ𣬾͹ˣ
ī˵һ밲οҶǧ䣬֪˵ˣī껱æΪĲᡣ
ҶǧΪЦż⣬ī껵ȥһǣϲãҸˮ˴ݽڡ
һǣǼ򵥵˵ǣԴǡ
ԽٴתתһȦǻҵ˱˴ˣעԵ֣ҲɢԵֻ֡ҪһЩãûԵòҪˡ
⻰
ҪأϾС~ӵĵһнֵģлǺܸ̾أȻһ·֧޼С~ҲҪǼֹأڴ~ôô


ڶٶʮ ɽ

Ҷǧһֱī껵ߣӰ罺ᣬӰǶ˵ĵطˡ
Ҷǧ΢չˣʮԺī껵˱࣬ƽյѰﶼԴˡһżȻĻᣬҶǧ仹ţһݣѯʵ֪Ȼ˾£
ԭʱī껲߻ճǼʱ󣬿˾ȴ˽뷶պԼԸīƭ롣˾ͱīƣ磬սƭָûġǣǱϻһīһ˾װī껽˱Ĺƶ
ţ˵ī֪º󣬲Ȼŭҹ˾ȥϹߡ֮ʯҲ˹ȥ˵˾ƺѾΣˡȻ˾Ǿī껣ҶǧԼǷܴһծһӱ
գҶǧһûмī껣ֱҹĻʹʱſī껻ʱҲǿģǴһСӣһš
װŵһźɫĵҩŶ˼ʱīߣϰԵĽ§ڻУڵǶƵĽҩġ
Ҷǧ΢΢һ٣ȴԥĽҩȥҩûζȴ΢΢һʹűûиоˡŷ⣬ŵҲ򵥣ֻд֣ԲҰ㡣
ź󣬻δŶѯʣī껱㿪ڵеĺ챦ʯǿʥŮʯһ̿ʼ֣һжɹʦ߻ģΪľǵõǿʯƳõĹڣʯѻ٣ʦˡ
⣬Ҷǧü΢֪ԼԽǧ꣬ȻΪ˱˵ӣЩɴ
ɹΪ˵õ̫ӵƽ黹еĳǳأһͶˡǧ㻹ͳһ½أīЦ˵
ҶǧֱعͷһǰۣʲôʱˣҵЦ
ӶЦȴֱŸԵ
Ժ󡭡
ǧ䣬㡭
˼ͬʱڣī΢΢һЦ˵ɡ
Ҷǧҧҧһʱ侹Ȼ֪οڣֻµõԼ֮еĴ𰸡ǸԵվҪԣô࣬Ҳǿʼû˵ĹΪ˲صޣҶǧ仹ǿ˿ڡ
׼Ҫػʳ𣿡
Ҷǧ۴īлһ˿࣬˵ͷǰѶոͳһһЩҪīڻʳǣǿҪ˰ɣ
ҶǧĿһŵҡʣ㻹Ҫ𣿡
īĸ˸Ҷǧĳ΢Цѵǧ㲻ʺ󣬲һɽ𣿡
ҶǧĿһһЩǣǿЦݣɽãɽŰ
ҶǧЩįĻī껺Цű㽫Ҷǧ뻳УĶͷǧ䣬ôɽһʣµĽɽã͵Яֹ飬ɽô¼أ
Ҷǧī껵ؿڣǿһһԼī껰ī껣Ǹı˲ţⶫ½Ĵ£һᴴһʢʺȨλأ飬ȻǺܺáٺãȴҲҪġô£ҪĲ飬شۣ
ΣҶǧīؿ̽ͷסī껵˫ۣ˫ֽеĿ⣬ҪһһǶϡ
ǰӴԺɽӶţ
˵գҶǧȥɬ飬ôī껱ĴΡ
ī΢΢һűӵסҶǧ䣬ǡīô࣬Ҷǧ䲽졣Ҷǧʱߺղȴûж㿪ֻǱ۾ī껵
Ӫڵ¶ȳҶǧҲڲ֪б䣬īԭʼ׹ǿʼһ·£ϸĲ׵ؿڣƽ̹С
īǿѹĴʱ鶯ֻĵȼҶǧ䡣ֱɫ죬ȻЩڴ֮ʱϣͨ
ҶǧʹȫīûУһ۽ǵͷϡһ̣ǵ̫̫ãĻڿ󣬲žһغϡ
ҶҲֿ˺
⻰
㲻ʵ㲻ʵ~


 ǧȻ

գ峿δһгƺƵڹٵϡмһϣҶǧУʱѾ˵ʮǷˡһ磬Ҷǧ㱻֪ҪػʳǣǱڰΰѼɢһ
һԵī껵ǿһЦ⣬һѽҶǧ뻳Уε˯ɣҽ㡣
ͻȻ뻳еҶǧСһ죬ԭ˯⵹û֣ī껾׳ؿϣڵҵȻȥشǶˡ
īһ˾䣺á
ҶǧĿ΢̾һվǱ۾ī껵˯˹ȥվҪԵģһůɡ
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µ۸߾ʤ֮ع飬ȫ¾ٹͬ졣
ʮ꣬ʮһ³һ
µѸ£ͳһ£ͬ졣
ʮ꣬ʮһ³ʮ
µ۰䲼ߣеȫգɹҷũӶΪũЧ档ϳ˲ôĹ涨ڸ䣬ԡһϵе߷һϲҳ
ʮ꣬ʮһʮ
µ۰䲼گ飬Ʒж£ްŮ֮飬ؽΪ繫ȫѡɡ
˹㹫һ⣬ȫֹһŮɷ硣»ʵīڵԽߴˡµһϵǰ޹˺ߵĸĸʷӦӲϾò˵ÿһθĶνߵ£µˣ¶һ־Υİƽ
ʮ꣬ʮ³塣ԭɹ̫ӱ룬С
ڱҲ˵ʦƳʯڣʱ򼸺ù˱оԪ֮ı벻ǱʦùƵģʦѷ裬ȻӡһϢܿͱûˣϾֻע˭ԼϺӣȥһԼ޹صˡ
ഫ˵ڱͷߵ죬ķͷͻȻһ֧ľ
С㣬ѩ~
ҶǧӦŴļ́ͷ⣬׵ѩţǰ㰲ǰžҶǧ䱾ϲѩҲƿ˳
ֻԺѩЦһ㣬Ҷǧ䲻ɵҲЦ㣡Ϊ˸˻Ƶã⽫ôۼҵδѽ
һʱߺյĵͷС㣬ȡЦң
ҶǧԼƽ̹Ķӣлһ˿ů˵㲻㣬Ҷǧ򿴿ұʰȥֻ֪һΣͻˡҲգעɣ
Ҷǧ䲻˵յĸǰ˵С㣬ˣţǾˣǽܳԸԲˣС˵ʲôȥ׼
ֻҪۻ׼ģʲôҶԣŶˣǵȥϸ÷ɣҵ÷ӻóԵģ
ţã˵žҪȥɸȴֻعͷҶǧС㣬ĻϺһλﶼûˣ㡢ʲôʱȥ
ҶǧĿһ٣ֻһЦģƲۼҵС˸ͲҪˣҲգҲգʰˣ
һ⻰æˣܻ˵С㣬Űȥҵ÷Ӱ
ѩҵСӡҶǧ۵һЦ֮ϣֻԼĵĵطѩ뵽Ҷǧ££·߻ţ¯ԣһĻŴߡ
֪˶ãֻľ֨һӦֱϡҶǧͷҲû̧˵Сҵ÷𣿡
ȻӦȴһƬžҶǧǴĻǴԺͻ
һ˳δԼӦƵǸָѾһСְԵ˹ȥ
ôˣô㲻ģ
ҶǧĿǰī껣̵Ӣüȵ˫ֱͦıĴΡţӵ¹εã۽ȴһ˿ƣǸ˲ٵ·
ҶǧҵĿ⣬ī΢΢һЦӵ뻳У˰ɣ
Ҷǧ϶ʱΥЦݣ̶ֱѹȥ˳ī껵ĻƵõҲûأ
ī껵˵ͷҿҲǣû㶼һȦأֻųԺãûҰ
ҶǧСһ죬ƲƲ죺ǣ
īĿһٴνŶӵ뻳УͳɤҺ㰡˵ձͷҶǧ˫ݽڣԲ˼ȫΪһǡ
ī껵ְԵҶǧʱͱǵ߻صġͷת䣬ֻī˵Ҵȥط
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īԼʻԼĪ˰ʱͣīƿӣҶǧҪʻֻī껲֪õһ鲼Լ۾ű㽫ԼϱȻȴûзԼ˼ǽǰȥ
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