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δ롣
ϴŨ֮ңǽʤĵͣˮ鿡ⴱ鿽þɣֲеľľ֮ϣںȴˮᣬȫƾӭԶȥˮ֮䣬ˮɫʱޱߡ
Ȿǽ;һһȥ֮ռӯţֲݣˮȻЦ糣ݵ˵ľһڣ
ʱж֮νָǾƽλԾңϮ»פ꣬ƽߵΨоλүñɱݾ֮ƣǧѪƮ֣ɽʮ겻ݱӣ޲ж
º֮ѾãڳҰ˵ҲĳͻȻһ̣ת˵һ£ȴһ£ĳʧٶ꣬ͻȻ
ͷ׷׽ͷ᲻µʵӣֻһλһλС㣬һλ
˵ĸ룺׮˵Ҳѹָλ֪ߡ
´𣬽Ҫϸ˵ǮҶ䰸ϣ˵θڣŴͷ˵
ӪδϮ֮ʱһη߹ĻϮҹɽսڹ⣬ַɳʧ;ڻҰֻ˭ϺүʲвǱڸڻĮ֮ϣºϮĻˣλӦöš
µĲͽкãźүնǧͷɱĻ˱ǧ
үʱżȻһλˣڱһӡϺүţʥگּϮ˾λִͻ鰲ү飬ĺҲӭ˸Уϧ˱ŮʱѲ˵̾ϧµС빬нӻǸಡȾ˿Ѫ죬Ѿ˼ҽ֪һҹﾹ°ˡʱڱ߹սϾ׸Ѱʼղã񡣡
곤һЩţĶ׶֪զ˭˴󵨣ҽ°үΨһѪźү޲ѵ˶϶̵λ˺ˡ
˵ζڨЦɲǣһֱһλ̣ܲʹ˶𡣹̵λҲʮ֪չ죬ֶ˷ĵǰȾ˹ּУʰ̷ĸȷʵҲԵһ컯
˻ЦΣүͻȻðӿεý
һ˲Ӳʧٶ꣬˭֪ƷΪʥãݺεȸ߹üϮֻºүҲδ档
ҺĽͷּ֧ӣֺ֧үӣһʱе࣬˵гĺȲ裬۵ȥֿڣȷҲѣشСߵļӣɺүȻԼѪ˵λǱ˴ȥҽˣط鸴ãвϲֻϧӲϰ䣬ɺʱȫ޺ү֮硣
֮ҡͷүһӢۣܽλ֮ˡ
Ҳ˳෴Ⱦ˿Ѫ컹Ȭӿν󣬲ʲôϮλǰҲδֱʵ顣
Щ͹עĸΪʵʣ֪λҽҽ죬ֻ뷽ȵʥҲǴҽȥ⣬˵׼һϲλͶˡ
˵֮Աǣżˣ뷽ʥϣʵѰ类ҽĹ˼ͷˡ
֮̾Ϣ˵ҽʥƼܻ˶׹ǣȻȺɽ֮УֿߣҲ˵Ѱﲻ𣬾дٹԸǧҲ;롣
̾һ󣬻䣬˵Ȼóȥľһ»ͷ˵֣Ҳ׮Ȥ¡
һ仰ֵθڣǷ׷״ߴ٣˵ҡͷԣλ֪ǰ˭
ʱ˽ɿܶ
˵˺һ޵̨ԲɿܶӰȥ٣߱ûǽ꼩ϵͷһݡӶԹҲذٲɼҹһö䱦ʱ棬һ˹ͺɣǨֿѼֱݽǵһöī˿ƽᣬŻȻ׾ȻǷ֡ݽǮ̩Ϊػ̫صؽ𹺵ðһǹɫ΢ߣ֮˵һֵǵȴڽ׵ǰղɡ̫رʮգ޶졣
˵˵ϲѶҲ²
̫ԭгؼ򣬸£סɿܶտ񼼣ʹʧͷϺɺгʬ˵Ƕáͨݳ¼صα񣬻ԼʧԵ٣һǺ̫ү裬񲶹Ȼ
˻Ц׷ɿܶ꣬Ȼң⣬̫үкá
˵ѹ£ֻ̫ƻÿòһӰͼκһһͬݣֵˮ͸̫ſڰһöۣʧΪԡѰı߶ţ񲶴˴һٽˣܻһ֮
׽֣ôˡһźҡͷ
һ͹һЦĪ񲶴պ˾ƣЩ
ľһģ˵ɫĪҪС˴ְӹ֡ȻȪһ˫֣׷⥣ಶաľᵽʮˣ޲
˵˶Щָƣ˵켫Զȥ季Ȫδֽʢģµ˫ϣ޵⥣ꪣ׷٣գһһеַɿܶû񲶣˭׽Ӱӡ
壺Ϊ͵۹μӢۡ
˵˺ЦһһԺδʦкˣΣ٣һʧ֣
һش
˵˵ƶʱʢ˼֣ͷе֪֪˷ܾʤأȴϳ˿ͷɼħһߣһɡ
һȷе
˵˾׽вţʼ񲶵Ĵ¼
߽һ۵ĻվĬﶪ˼Ǯ߳˲á
пĵĵһΣôͿϰ׷ȥȴˣֻˮۣһȫ

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ͣˮ鿵㣬ұһż䣬мĳӿʮϯӵȴռø
⣬˿һꡣ
ݵİȣ·ڵʲôˣɵȹӨ֬Ƿ
һǰȻһ꣬òƽо洦ɼ
Ƴһ©ʱ̣㻹ô׼ʱ
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ĴԵٺδɺã
Ĵ˵⣬ӳĻϣһŵӰӣҲӰӰ鵭Ҫʲô٣
겻ʣԾ֪٣
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˴𰸣Ǵ˴εĶ
Ĭһ£һ򵥵ĻҲ⡣
֪вȨĹһвͬ꾫˵֮׳ջ򸮼ΪĳǱѰжǧƽ֮ޡ
𺧣һ˫Ӱ¼ڣûƺûߣһ˲Ҳȥ
Էؾĸɴ䣬겻ղŭɣ
ϰ߽ͣһŵس꣬ա
ǸƭӵĻѾ࣬ʵڲÿ¶ӡεĳһգ׹ڿлһټһӦĳ֮⣬³֮󾸰ּһɹΣ
˵нؿڣ񲢲ӣ뼸һ򸮹ȡһݶ
˵úģҲʣҡҡͷҲ˺
ȫȻܾܾ٩٩Ȱգ㾡ɷģ֮˾ͷܾԼ㲻
ζԷٰȰ˵ʼպȤ
ʶܹǿң껺һֵΪģǰȥ޵ļãһѵãɿܶſɲôĻﾫÿһĿҲùȻһЩʱ䣬һٿɵǧƽգֵһԡ
˵˼䣬괹۽ޣĴ˳Ĭ˼Ԩõɺô
ʣ˼Ԩ£ȫ򸮸Ӷȷʵ٣ȰȴΪһ޺յԼҵ٣һ׷ýβȥһܣȻȫдʽȫ
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˼Ԩӹȡһöңİ棬·ΡҲ֪ƫŲƣľǸϵһǵþ򸮲죬Ψаһ;ˡ
ˮ鿼žţüͷΪʲôҡ
˼ԨƺҲЩɺƼٵɻ󡣡˭ָ֪Ҫ㡣
˺ܾãʣá
һɿڣ˼ԨʱȻ㾡ɷģ׮Կ
ֻظľګ˼Ԩȫ⣬һݹȥֵĴ裬صЯһͬƷһƷ
Բ費ȤƿһڣȻסˡ
˼Ԩ鱭δڿϸ΢ķӦ춼Ĳƺ֮붼빬У۱ȻƽҿǷ˼ŪΣ
ļ米Ӳһ˲Ʒ㲻ôǯƣŶǻѻֻΪϾ򸮣
˼ԨһͣƬ̺չڣ֮ǰ̬ô³ȷʵˡ
̿յͷĬһᣬ˼ԨµĺңЩҲ׬˲١
˼Ԩֱ𴩵ɫû㣬Ҿĵλ
ϢˣӲüȣÿһƬͬС꿴˰Σ͵ң˫յ㡣
˼ԨԴ֮һȻǮҪģϢ׼ܴδε֡
˵ȥͽѴ࣬һ⣬Ҫʲô
˼Ԩܶ𣬾Ӹµ˵㴰־ʱ磬ȿ羰мֵ⣿
һ֮ȵʱѹˮȥһɷС̯̳˿УλĵŻòĺƣӸġǹġСɢͣͷβȺܶ
ȹңңһָ˼Ԩȵһˣ㿴Σ
ָһͷеĸߴӣѮŨü򥣬һ·糾ֹͣһԨͣƣǣƣ̬ԣȻԶ
̧ͷԶڱϷ˼Ԩ࣬ӦǴǣµ֣ܿ
Ĭ·ʲôҲû
˼Ԩ֮ˣ˵˵ֽΡ
˺һᣬ˼ԨҲߣڿڣÿһ磬̳ȣŹĲʮϣӦǶ̸ꪣ³һá
껰˼ԨҲָһˣһλΡ
һ˫ü絶ӣĿ
һͷԾãΣգʱֱʱڽ䱸Ŀɨӽڷ֮˾ԼߣвǶ̵̽ϰ߱ضǴ̿͡
˼Ԩ޵һͷٿΣ
ȹһһĹ⣬ָһԸմӽֽתŮ
һŮʮֳɫеͦΣüĿŮţׯڳһ԰ȻĺףµĽиⴥĿ
ڳէȻʶһˣͻȻ𣬿˼Ԩ
Ӱ£˼ԨҲڿ״źεĿ̽
ƺˣַ·Ǵ
֮ͷ촽ɸɵĶһ£ʲôҲû˵
˼ԨջߣһصЦһ˿Ȼ⣬ࡢ󳤸裬ų춼˫赣ƽ֮̽ͽ㿴Σ

绪ò

ʲôͬ˻вͬĴ𰸡
һṪϵĸ㣬ɽһӦĵۡ
һϺź㣬һɸõɡ
һ׳Ļشѧʥأѧһаʽɺн
һŮճյķ˵¹䣬ꡣ
֣УƺһԶ
ʲô
ΡƵ춼ϵһۡ
ûаǰһλӹżеõزصʧĽṦĵʿһ䣬Сۡ
û֪λʿηǱزأ޴ӵ֪Ǳİޣֱʮ뿪춼̤쳾
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ĽԶССʢ춼ԶɽҲΪһʥء
ʮ꣬ںõ춼塣
ҲΨлʵ۵ݺǲþ쳾Ƹڻʵ춼ͣգƷʫ̸۵´ơɽϵһս춼Уطš
Ӵǰɽдٹ˽Ըɽиʿ쳾ʤ˻ȥ춼ȻʢʮȻ˥
ºõߣ߾ĽҽѧաȻһֱʦѵΨɫӢĲܱΪ洫еȻҵˣ
˼ԨϵβȻ⣬ӯղЦ黬̵ݣͬΪְˣһ
ӹͻȻһ󳤸裬ࣻ³öꪵǾ½ɽС
޵˼ԨǡôĽӿڡһܾԼ
Ȼ䣬ڿһİˡ
Լ̸ȫǳź򸮵ӡ˼ԨԲŲæĽͣ棬Ժֱȡկʮλկͷɱ֮½ɽɱۼɷħͷȽĶ࣬򸮽ֿв붯󳤸һٮٮߣױ˵˽ˡⳡ֮Լְеĸ붯ˣɿָܶĵˣνǰ󡣡
Ĭһ̣Ȼһӳһƣȸĺ䵹ȥ
Ƽĸ龹Ƭƣֽһ꣬ǽ˰㲻
ӰӳһϮϣ»δѾ忡ףһ˫ĳ⻪תһʱɽɫȥ
ļֱһ̲ŵ򸮹ӣ
΢΢һЦȻ֮˶ԽǾǡ
һ̴¥ݿĹͨӣ½ɽ󳤸裬λ¥µȺ򡣡
˼Ԩʱһ֣إţʱͣˮ鿣Ӧ֮δ
ʧٶĺ򸮳ǡ
һ첡˲ÿһӸŵ̬γĵȻ˼Ԩ֮һȣʱԵõȣ³ˡ
żŶ͵˼̴ӣ޶ųȴвݴ
Ȼþ춼壬вſԽסĵװޣȵͬ߾ȻԶķ˼ԨǸò꣬˵Ŀⶼ˴ġ
󳤸ɻأһڣɺүʦǴʦɽһ֪빫ԡ
ˣû֪λصĹӵʲô
޵ӳУüһޣҪ˺
󳤸ӰԶ죬һ࣬ʲôЦ˿ɲΪ顣
֮о½ɽδڣҲü
Ȼλоһۣ֮飬ƾָɡ
һѹδһͷ԰¹ϵش󣬷ͬСɣѵ˺αżβо
ﲢˣƽɫѹס˳еĲ½ɽһ֮ͣӦ½ĳԸꡣ
󳤸迴һۣ»תΪ
λ£˼ԨһǰλӦ˵ǰ֮ҡ

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ǰ۾صĽı棬˱з̴ҡ
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ʥ뾩ѯʣּնɱղΪʱƵƵʤŭǴΧڽشѾɽ;мģҷڱɥȪʣ˲вɢӴܡ
Щ·зﴫ£޲ţȻҲ⣬󳤸ٴηʣ͢ʤ½֪кأ
˼Ԩһʣֻȥȴ֪ŶһܣܷӣڳΪʡٱ֮ʱʹһ˳֮ʱ˴ӹڵĽɽͼͼطƳɣɴнμ𲻹ӯ೤ͼɽϪɼذҪ޲꾡Һô裬޷񣬽һ·ǱУȻԽ߾ȥ»޹
½ɽüؽͼȻҪڻʹأᱻܵ
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󳤸Ϣءͼ»֣֮
˼ԨĻͷɣݴȷнͼףͼ»֮ģڹ޴⣬Ϊϱ
ˣ˼ԨҲڵ˽ļĿģ½ɽ˼Ƭ̣ͼΪ֮ԴǱ㲻ܣȻرϸݡ
ǽӹһЦ绪ˣˣ»ޣһͨɫתַ
󳤸ȴ޵ҵĵİ𣬡һУ
󳤸輤ߣྲΣɻ󣬡ϣǸ»ȡؽɽͼΣ𢣬ϵǱѰΪβǴǰ
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½ɽֱ˷󳤸ţ֮ģм⶯½ɽȻһ̾ϮȷһΪ
ͺȻܣʳһɻ󣬡֪ӽǾ֮⣬ǹ֮
벻ǣ˿޷ظλȨҾУҿԱ֤һ³ɹбػ֪ǸĪ⣬ûֱӻش𣬡Щ²˵ȴò֮ǧŮΪΡ
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һԽʱʲȥˣ˳Ƶ˵ԸҴڴл
󳤸败ʮˬ죺ΪһѪսɳĳѾãлЧӢ;һǡ
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ǵỺᶨڴ֮ǰ»ԱһȷԷ޹ԭ֮⣬ȻȥΨһǶ·⡣ѩɫɽͼɢ塣
ʱļȳϣ൱֣˭Ҳ޷沵
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Ż˵ɫЩ̫ÿ
еĸֲΨнͲŻɿܶһ仰һưˮ£˲ⶳա
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Ǻƽݵԣ˵Ĳ¼Уֺ봦ĻǵԼλѩɽԳ˶ǵ⣬λġѱ¾ḻ򵼣ȫɽ֮·аֲء
򶨵ƼȻֳһ˷ߵȣΪ˽ҶϲλաȻ¹ز͢Ǵ͢ԶΨн֮Ҹ³ɺλӢۿɼΪ͢ȴΪ²ƹƾһģǧһ֮䣬λȥҲһ֮䡣
һԴǳֿ߹ǳݷǷĺ򸮹ӣ˶ݡ
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·ʲôüЩ⶯κĳԸһԡ
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ȵѲӰˣ˼ԨԵȰ˵̫ɽ磬ֺξѩ֮գӽصװ֮㶯֡
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˼ԨֱӺԶԷĻش𣺡ǷһΡ
ɿܶҡҡͷǷ㣬ҲǷҡ
˼ԨֵĵĶмͷ˵»޻תм
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Ƶ˼ԨҲһʱ޴ʣ󳤸òͣͬΪıֺαȰСȥ
һֱҲŷ̫˳ٰۣȰ˵Чսأ˲ȣµ㶫
ɿܶһҪ˼Ԩɫһ̧һ裬ڷɿܶ϶̴ٵ˵˼䡣
˴ܣݣֻúܽ鼱֮£˼ԨԵЩһַѹĺܵͣǽȦڱۻ֮䡣
ɫĹ۲죬ǽһ۵ס
ɿܶ΢Ƶ͸Ų죺ȻԵɣαػȥ
˼Ԩƺ˵һ䣬ˮ֮Ȼһϡ

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˼ԨȻ˿޲죬ͬʱ˾䡣
ɿܶվ̬Ѿǰһȫͬ΢ͦúֱһöҳ˹ңһ쳣µࡣ
ɿܶڣƽʱЩľګʱһɭĶ˼Ԩʱδ·˼ֵĺ
һɲǵľֹ˼Ѿ㰴˵
˼Ԩɫ쳣ѿ򶨣ɱңЩˡ
Σɿܶգһۡ
˼Ԩס˵ȥҲǼй¶ȥʲôαһʱ嶯ο㻹ҪߵϢ
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˼Ԩ쵽ԷɱȻˣ˵ȥֻҪӦˣ»˳ұػؿƿᡣ
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һأ˶סˡ
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ֻһЦԶѲ⣺˲ã˲ɣлѡ



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Թ䣬ദһĤ󳤸½ɽһʢһȣȻͶͣóԽԽãԵѣΨһŮӣΪƽͽȵ𣬼ټòһ޲չмӡ
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󳤸轫Ұ̧۱ɿܶ߳
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˳飬βɳµĵĳҲ̰֮ȻִǰУɡ



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ڿãѩϸ΢棬ޱߵļžأطһѩ䣬ǷҲ졣׵һУھ԰ǰ죬ƣẮšƬĿĴףһǶԾ־ĥ
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Ϊ鷳ǺһȾѵ⣺Ҹøл֣ʲѩر䣬ȣұѱ
ǽǱһѿ֦ڻԣɿܶβŵҲ
ǿһһֺγԣ
һһ֦۳Уɿܶˣž⣺˼Ԩ˵ȻȥҲԱҾȡ
ͣ˰Σĳ治ζһŵԭһ⣬书
ȻԷɿܶԣ御ڻ̿Ƥûм̸ȥ£멣Ƥˣȥˣ㿴˽ҡ
Ȼ˯ˣͨҹҲܶԷΣǷԸҲգڻ߾һ󣬿ʼ۲˯ˡ
էȻһɨɿܶԵƽƽ档Ŵӵľɰ׸մһЩϴľգʵݣоۡǵĿⲢδΣڸϸڡ
Ӷԣɿܶߣ༰ʡƺʱͷʹ˯ҲˡͷʼչڴֲУΨһϸ׷ɢھ󣬲ϸ£ȥмִ¶ָ㣬ϵָӡ֤һ㡣
𾲾ȼգʵϢ̽ɿܶڴԷһɲǣ˯ͻȻۡ
ǶסˣüܿԼͷڰգɿܶĺһ˿˿ҡ
ĶŲԤ֮ڣһʱͣ˭Ҳû˵
ͣһ˲Ƕľޱڣ΢Цͬᣬһ޹޺Ĵ磺ǸҵǷˣð֮·ˡ
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Ƭ̣ǻص˻һ࣬ŶɵıӰĿ
ˣʯ϶Ȼ䣬´ƬƬѩɽһ׵ξǳ񱩵ѩֺۼ
ǺͳѵİİɿܶԳȥѰˡ
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һҲ˼Ϣķ˵ж֮ʹѩҲδػɥ½ɽڹӦܳŵøãмϣһп컯ˡ
ѩİ̴棺Ѳ⣬˲ѣǸǺá
ܵĮ·ǻãҲʡ£Ҳν»취
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ҵַãȷˡĿӹɿܶµƤǵૣһ߷䳰Ҳ޷˾㣬ҵҪҪʲô
ӲҰģ㡣
󳤸ɣʦ֮½ɽŵɾҲѪϧʽȨͲƿأΨзɿܶ



İȥһŵѩȸоκλŵ飬ΨһĶǷɿܶȼڶĿ֦ѣȻҹ˴ģ޷ѩȣɢüİּʪҶȻЧá
˰ΣѩĵȫϢİضڣϡʼһ󣬶˶
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֮ҪǱö࣬һѩ϶ӹû֣֮򻬵ʹȹѾʣڸҲײˣ˲Һ½ɽйͨ磬ԺЩЯҹ
ǽ໳һ룬򵥴һ£Ȼĺƽ֮£㹻ңʧֵһˡ
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ڵϵһֻ׵ѩǣ˶󣬹أϲ£¶ɭȻݣʹȥòȻʮײС
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½ɽԵİγ̵׼⣬Ӳ񣬸ڿտյĬȴɿܶ£ӹ̵ϸƤŽ˽֡
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ŷַɿܶ촽ֳ˵ɫ³ʱӲ˿һ棬Ѷɫʪۡ⺮ݳǵıѩİԾ˸ս
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Σ½ɽ̲סڣѩ˶ã
˺һ󣬷ɿܶŴӳݷмʱ
˶һ½ɽһ㵣֣ͣš
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ɿܶûлشڻøϵֱָۣͷϥϣµ멹ϲײ࣬ʮֿЦ
ǵͷûκα飬ĬƬ̣תͷԸİټһЩҶ֦ûһ㡣
濾ղѣ֮ףǿȥ˼µĲһȺĬĽø˷ɿܶһֱʳҲ˵ֻʳ̸ʱ˰λ𣬶ȥɲ
ſҶƮɢĹȾ񲻼ãһʱ䣬˶硣
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ӰӵͷСɵĽֺ飬һ΢
ϵﱻ濾һƳʪϸݵ˫ۻס壬Ӱ΢΢·𱻷ѩѹ֦ռŵʯ϶Ȼ˵͵͵Ǻȡ
Ժʶİܾ˿ԣʡ𣬾һ𡣰Լ֪˯ȥҹһøɸɾ
ʯڶĬ˼ʲôδ𱸣˸ʾİתͷʢȼգһӦ˵Ⱦڳ˯ǰ޲ͬһ
ɿܶҲ˯멣ƤϣڻƺԾ䣬һֻĴ⬡ȻϯֵǧѾˣһϧļһУİ̲סϧһ̡
Ĭһᣬʯ϶ɢǹҰ¿տžûһ˿
İ󳤸ӣλһֱûϢ
һĨҹĻĺӰӶ·ɶȣ׶˪ѩʱٲˣʱǰУ˵ûʳôʡҲ뾡ٳȡ
İ䲻ǰԹ˽վ̲סӲǰʵǹˡ
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ʵˣİȷҲԣβ૵ѹǷԸ
ǵЦһЦǸˣϧ˰ѱò󡣡
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ѩʱ¼죬İʲ磬µߵΪСȫȻ˲ʲô
òſڣĵѩӹķ磺ΪѩֻһΣֻǲ߲ɽȣȺʼʩﱻѩٳʳм
ڽĻðİסˡ
ƳһۣĮĿվȻǡ˾öøммҲѧأ򲻱ٸңؽȥɡ
İ˲ʱ򵹣ͷ亹乡ˡٲԣ



µ뿪϶һ˼ǰС
òһ˿Ʋʣ೤ѩӨ׹࣬ް֮СȻˣ̶̼ˣ˭ѡ
ѩûĶＫ٣˼ԶԶӿ˼գĴۿҪ˭Ҳûеƣͷ
˰գͻȻ۲ѩأƺʲô˳һЩϸ΢ĺۼбʮתһ鱳ĴʯȻѹ͵żֺţ
ʯ࣬βãռ࣬ˣ˿ϲǻ˯󳤸裬ɫ죬ݣ촽ݣϸѩˮʪؽ
Ǻܿ˲򣬱ѩڸ˸գҽȻѣ󳤸ĺʱƽ࣬ڷġ
ѩʱʦȫңǱúϢѩʱһƬڣʦܻȥұ治廷Ҳ֪Ƿ񻹻ţѩ㲻ٴα뿪һȻ侲ƣѩиŻԵ󳤸Уǰ·ãã֪ͬѹ֮ǱѰʱȻɳڣסĿҲЩʪ
ңο֮ңλȻҲϸĲ
һ˾룬ãЦ⣬ɿ֪ܶʲôʱʧˣֱ˵̸βðһףֻѩá
һ˿ӣֶסɿܶ
½ɽ̲ס׽ģ
֪ЩжѲѩڵԶжͨ˴ѩ֪١
ɿܶĻشһļ򵥣ײ˼ֻð
ǡѩøȷʵ˿ڣȴ治ǺְɿܶȻҲϸʩΪΨԻ
ΪԽѩó˶ʺζԶʤ⣬ղʳܳȻʵٶȴƽտ࣬󳤸ѹȻȥֻӣ˶ġ
ȥг̼˳ߺɽĺֻɳҺͻ̵Ұ̦Ұŵľ򣬾Ķǵѩ֮ڽ
ǵһޣССһγ˳ŵĺòв棬ڴ˶ӣСв˵
϶ѩɽȻһ˴Խɽȶڰڵȿ֪Ծ£ѯʡƳɿܶұ¶ѩƤ˲ʱ˺䶯ԽԽ۷׷ףһ꺺ӸԽڶһƤ
˶ƤΧʱһƬޣ֮ڶѩ׷ëƤӨů˿˿ǶʺһĨĿӶβϾҲܿ亱ȷߺɽе֮ƤȺֱ˿ǰ˷ܡ
˵ɽеϽµľ֣׺ݲбֽթԣ֪жٹǿڣ͵ҲԲ׽񾹱ԭ¾Ƥ
ҵ۹󣬿ʼͼŵ˾þã۹⾫Ƥļ̵ֵһ֮߳󣬽ӶĽм۲ͣųԽԽߣӵĽк
ӿ֮ɿܶҡҡͷƤؼϡʹȷʾܾۣƤë̫ˣֵȺɢȥֱǳ̸˼䣬򳤲źųǴɢΧһ˽ᡣ
ԣǵʩΣ󳤸ܿѳȬ
İ¹˳װʳˮѱȫȴŸ·վ̸·ȫ˴еĿġ
»λʮ꣬ȻãԽԽ޶ȡ̣ÿȻҫԼ빦ЩֻľҮ鳼Ļ谮һλѩľɫˣ˵ѩŮһֱΪħһĹ޶ѳɽȺŮҹ̸̡˵е˺ͻʹ򳤾һ񣬲ϵȤߡ
Ůʲô˭Ҳ˵壬ľҮ׸ģƺ֧ˣ˵ôЦ˭ǱѩŮĻľҮ֮ǰǸλ΢С٣ھȻ࣬ƥεĶǱ޳Ȳ˲¹ͷ»޲֪ж˱Ūüϧ첻۾˽һһ⡣һڣÿһƶдűģпĳһˮ̡»˶˵ӲùҲû취߲ˣȥ׬ʲôǮ˰̫ˣĵطɣ˪һЩ
ǲһǣлָ㣬Ǳԭ˿ɶࣿ
ٰߵֿ˿̻ң򳤻ش𣺡Уòô»ĹĽΪԭ˽թϼӹľҮֻǮ˵һݵԭʽ˲ٺô
˳Żԭ٣ϣͨľҮڹǰԡ
Цÿ˿ȣ߶̸ڣɳɤӳЦΣ»ˣֻд͸˵˲ȥľҮֻ̰ޱȣθ޾ͷ˵Ǹԭм£»ûӮˣ类ľҮͶƲˡ˹겢ûȰ棬˺һż̵ŭ˶ܿѪĶǣǸСȥ뵽»޷ɳ棬Һݺһٸȥˡ
ָɣ𱸣ֻ΢Ц򳤵ӣĿӹĶǣڶɳ۵촽ͣһ²ŵٳЩˮ̣öӻɣѸߣٺҲڲࡣ
߳򳤵ӣһѩķӹӵ¯խĽֵŲС
İİջ̷࣬ҲСģǣӣڼϿһ䵶½Ȥ̸˰գڷɿܶ
İĻͣǶһ˿ȤɿܶΣ
¶ֹ۸Уİƽϵļ˹ڣƺ̲ų
ǾȻЦм˼
ҤӺʲôİĸ̡
ǼǰУʲô
ƺϲ켣ʱп˿ʱջʮƬҶӡյӡˢޣǸ޳ܣޣаİ渶һӦֱˣĬĬһǧ顣
ƺЩ飬к
İһϸһҼʱкصľδ䣬ѡ
δ˵꣬һḡЦİ̧һʱ
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ǶסŲİҪڣ¥Ŀһȴ
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¥µһһͣζһɲ
ףɴ͸ɫĹ⣬ŵһɫȻ󡣡ֺ£Ըһ
û˵ãҲû˵ãƺе㷢
Ƿ˷䣬ǳǳһЦȻ߽˼˹ݡ

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ŵļ˹ֵߣԺӵյüůģԸصĺɴ׺Ų۵Ľ𻷣ɬ¶ѩ׵ļŵզࡣ
飬ұţЦзָ֣ɫͷصĺδֵ˰ߡ
ԭҲܺѬԶ˵صĴֱӡ
ǵ̬⣬ȲнҲһȺ¶ص˼Ҹ̸Ц˷˲ʱɰİ˳⿪ɿܶԭڴܣʵڹעĿÿݺ˵ħֻһҡ
ɿܶһһĺؿڣĽι棬еƮܿת𴦡
ΰİ˼ͼĺڰǰ£ЦоϷδȤԻȭľΣ
ɿܶһ˲
ǵüֱʱӢСϷѣˣ
ĺ׷Ц壬ԼҪյ̾ƣø֣ɿܶ·Щ֪룬ƲУ˰޳֣ϷԴ˿ʼ
ͷξǰܱҲƣյںĺȲ£һľҺߣ˳ľ£û뱻˳ɵĽ죬ڳŮȫֱۡ
յ΢ɫȾˮֳı죬ҲЩͬͷʤúã
ɿܶһֻȥ
̾ңǽȥɫԽԽ죬һ˫ⰻȻһںԵߵ᲻绪ʸҪơκ۶飬ȴãһ˵Ⱦˡ
˶һա
⼸ЦݽеĿŷɿܶƣ֮ǰЩȻ᳨ŻΪ˰
ɿܶҲûʲô飬Ҳһյһյĺȡƽؼ˶ӣҲǰ봹ȶЩֱõĶŶˡ
ӭߣʱĵһھƣ̬ƺˣƺѣۿһͻ㵹ʮյȴȻʡ
һδλȥɿܶȻӮ١
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ĳȻĻаɫṴĴǴƣȻӦ˶Ķֺαؾ
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ôȾơɿܶûлش⣬ͷڱһ̧ͷˣˣģҲ˵ȥ
ˣǣķ𣬴顣
˹ڵڶ˾ܱİǿȥʼվòԭӣʱż䡣ʱſȺ黶ãŷԽɿܶһӵ룬İѩ׷رۣŵסŨ֬еζЩϢ
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ǰһҹɿܶŻصջһ£Ǳ־ɵװմȾֵľٷ
İʵڿ˳ۣɴͷҲԶԶĴǱתߣ̸Ц
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Ӱ»ޣһ·ڻԭɽ֮䣬նһʱãԽһѩ壬ǰڳ»޳ǵ
߸ߵɽס֣ԶĴأ׳ľסˡ
µ»һ鱻˵򣬲˿ѩĺۼ
صĳɫɳ׳ĳǹΪɫţܲޣ֮µıǣ𴦱ѩﾹȻشأһ۽ʧĹڳǶεضʣԲ񷶥ɣʵĹڷƮ·һξ
һ·ӱѩдէĵطȻЩʣ½ɽ̾紺֮׳۵ĳǳأ»޲һԡ
ԶǱԹޣһ·ѩȺ»ȴǻط
󳤸½ɽͬУظɣ׵ˣǧ档
ǰůľҶͱ̲ݵ㣬ˬƵ˵»޵Ȫů紺ޱѩ֮
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һѣ뵽ͬһ⡣ѩɽԭñѾһԵΣֻһ¶ͳǹپͻȻ裬͢
Ȼ׼ԲǱпͣİѱýװΣڸò֮٣ҪʩΪˡ
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ɿܶڳĬһݾŵ㵽Լվ࣬ӴѱĹ򵹣ƫء
ЦݺŴ̽ҲвݾܾҪ󣬡»˵òڰоͨ˷Ƿɹȫ֡
Ҳһ֡
ձϵİɿܶ˿ɫҪ߿ڵĻһҪˮ̫࣬Ҫ졣
ԭ˵̬˽ȻͬŮĸߴüͻǶɫҲȫ죬˴òת䲢ס
򵼴򷢻תİ񣬱ɿܶһֱӲǰ̯İΪһߣǼȫò
Сƿ޸ۡüٷɫĿ״ϸͬıʣֹŹֵܷ˼ѵõ˷ӣȻյһ˿ҡ
ϥձ̺֮ϣĿһѲֿǰķɿ֪ܶԷϸԼ׺ͽʱһֻ·һ㣬Ȼܺװ»һ
ɿܶŲϲ˶ӣ򵥵ۡ
ۣоãȻһɣɢ˿˲ʱɢ
һְֻڶǣüǣȧǡɵָڼһգ·оһµĴһͷƬ̣תܿʼŪһƿƿ޹ޡҪʵģ
֡ĳϢŷɿܶĵϵ֣ϸȳ㱡
ͭӳһȫİˡ
ػɫķüëͽë֮ͬɫƤһְף˫һЩϸëʵüǽѣıǼϸĴԵþ̡Ц־ҲЦֻôЦһ̱ĸо֪Ǽ٣òȴʮȻ֮ϾپȤԵ壺似
ֻ죬жȥҩˮƵġɿܶһ鳤½ǵͷɺسʽķ˿Ҵǣְ깤ļӡ
ߵ꼫רעͫеӰɱ档ͫЩأһĨī̶һʯ쳣ɾ쳣ء
ܸòȴ޷˫ͫʣɿܶһ˫۾
ǲɫĿڣִѧЩ
·쵽ʲôɿܶ˿һۡ
Ƿµѯʣʶƣ
һѼСļȥ޽Գļ˿ɿܶڸ˻ش𣬡ȻǼ٣Ȼзա
΢ƺȻĺ棺ַ޷죬˭˻ۣ
ɿֲܶˡ
ӶԷĳĬǼ²⣬裿
ûлػĬϡ
ʵҲŴգкξ塣
ɿܶе䣬һһʧܣֻҪһγɹ͹ˡ
ݸ֪գֺβ֡
ɿܶĬһɲȡǼͷıβ

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½ɽΪɫƤʨڣ𻷵״󺺣װһ˫Ŀݣɫڵɮ£󳤸һ°ˣ౻ȥޣһΪӺ׵ӣİʷ񴽸ȧͷԡ
ÿһĿȫǵ߳һЦһ̾ĻһƿϼһĨϣȺΧ̸ЦµȺе
½ɽоԼķɫתͷȡЦ󳤸ĦԼ°ͣʮֲϰߣ಻ϲεòҲʣա
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ǰһˣǲȡһ֣ݼҧƯĳȻƣȾ֭Ĵ
ˣԸ٣Ϊ



»޳ԺĦУƽֱʨӴֶµˮйͨ˵Ħʮһյ󵻱飬ǧͽЯҴǰԸӿ˳̷ˣƼַǷ
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Ӱ·ɣӰݺᣬϢµļ˽Ʒ˽ϼ
ͭ¯УڣƺһӣƳ۳еֻʦҪˡ
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һĶãһһʦõǿ콣ĽŪۣǱذܣ½ǰγ˿һ죬λȾ᲻֮ء
һԹսͬĸֵĽʵ̫죬ҲΨ˲Ӧԡ
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壬һҲ˼Ӧ֮ߣѯЦͬף½ʽȽּᣬѹƣҪʤֻжơ
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󳤸̤ǰϢˣڴ˳ģ½־д裬࣬ȴδֽϼ粻Ը³һԣ
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˰ΣŻ˯̸࣬ۡӽɺãְɻϰߣ
ٶ񣬶ֵܱľԹ˳»˵ϰ׸Ŵл˵ĹػͬŶʮ׺񡣡
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һԽ˳мӣˣʵЩϧ֪ԭģǻǿиɡнɽͼ֣߹زǰͬ裬ȫΪ壬ݱȥӶˣһ»޹
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˰³һ̵²֮ϼ޻ȨҲȫ޷롣
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ȡѿ죬ͲɱΡǳǳһЦŵĿ͸ĳΪħܱҵҪ⼸ϲ»޾ǿ
׵Ƥķڰϣѩɫ޺ӨӨ⣬ڵ۶ꡣ

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ܶηŭδܣѩȻڶֻѰһݺϣڶĺʯ󺣣
»Ⱥ䲼ȫǹ죬һɽˮֱӳ¶ʧɫΪһ輧˻ӻѩ»еĵλǱ۵İ֮ٴ򶯣ѩͻȻ˳»˼ãľҮҲΪܳ裬࣬޲˳쳣
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ѣһһңһںʵĽ̹˻һ·ͻȻѣȺϣʼѪȵĲɱ
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һڵļ󳤸裬ЦܷӣﶼΪߵһͷ
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һԲڽһƽƽȥʽȴ󳤸޷ѣӲһǡ
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ڽѪ٣˷ܶѾɹɱǿУǿħͷ޵µꡣ
˫ħһɫұ䡣е»˼ֵŭ񣬱һҵƾˣһ
˲Ҵ棬ܡ
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ҲӣȻá
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֪ɫңֵǽЦЦʲôҲδƮȻ
һɣѨѽ⣬ϲ֮ҪߣȻϥһɼ򵹡ѪӱӿܵȥĨôҲֹס۾ƺҲһģĿ壬ʷ·ʲô
·ʲô׹䣬ؼȥȻһ˫䣬ȥԭǶĵطʣѪģ˿ڣ֮ʱһ죬ֶһֻӣ뷢ҺţһƬƣжۿ䣬һƬȵĳʪɽľʹϮûÿһ缡

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䶨ǵԭʹݣܵ߱ͼһ׷Ұģ»͢Ÿ׺빬໤
»֮ĳң˻٣δٽһʿݣ޲Ӧŵ̬ȼǫ
˻ٵˣȻǣֱҹ̸˼ѡʮǰΧɱħֶزأȴȫˣһ𣬽Щˣܲ˵Ǹ漣
̸ǳĶǵļ½ɽ޵ֵĿ콣һնħͷһۡ
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һϴƽյֻ⡣
ƲᣬʹΪ԰ףЦȫǹƣ»رǣһƣֽѩ֮Ǳ빬ԶΪɱһˣס˾档
˾ǵͷħȥһ˼ѣٹȫʢʱӲӲεȲҵ
֮࣬½ɽһ˿вϧϧܵʬױѰţòֱˡʱڵƼΪңרעڲƴɱʱַǣ˭ҲϾܵ䡣
󳤸費⣺ȻİѨضӲˣǸУֳʬԱϰˡ
½ɽһЦҲ˼ǡ
Ŵߵ죬İͨŶ룬һˣǷɿܶ˲ûһ˵ձ֣ǰ˷ﾡ˳Ĭ
ΪʩҩˣΨƽ糣ֽȥ˺δôڴ֮У
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ͣһ̣΢΢һЦԭˡ
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½ɽҲЦˣˬֱЩ𱸣黳Һ֡֡˴ˣѾŽҵʤɺãʱܲ˵ˡ
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Цĳͼʲôͣ뱳һ̰ˡ
һ·ϵ˱ۣ൭Ȱʵ˲ᣬα޹֮˶ԡ
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ɿܶȷʵ룬ֵ廹̶̫һ½ɽŶмֲ졣
󳤸ֹ̲סüα˵ʹ㡪ҲԹۣվͬ
վ֮ͬ꣬ЭӦԡѱϣνųǰʹűᣬĻҲëع󳤸ĻͷҵǾһ࣬δԭֵҲԺ򸮺ʦи
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˵ӡһֱº㣬ͻȻļʵϡ
ʦ㣡Ժֹľ󳤸裬ƺ˵յ˵ˡ
󳤸裬Ȼ˵ΣƽΪа˿˭֮Ϊ飿
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ɿܶһȦҲûػֱˣͲЪޣ̽ʵ
˭ҲϲȻ⣬ǳ࣬˾Щ죬ߺյһ̣󳤸˷䣬Ҳɢȥ
һҹһճƣֱڽʣͶˣ˳䶨徲
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齱ĿָյĹѲͷ˿Ǻһϵķܣڱػ٣»ﱸףʱȥһС
İһЩִ٣ݶѩڣ·ŢУӺβһߡ
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淽ҪУʵڲ٣İӦˣһһ̲סҺüλСˣˣɿܶȴӦøΪ˳졣
ЦЦζʱҲæúܡ
İһͷˮǶȥˣæʲô
Ƶ»͢Ĳرؿ⣬Žд©ͻὫУʶһȥ
İĿɿڴһŷӦ˵ȥ˲ر⣿
뱦ɽֶ飬͢иǳأԽԽȤ빬ʱ·;˺һǱΣöֻܴʹ֮ʱԣ»ôҲ㲻ͷϡ
İֱţګګβ³
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ͷβѰ˼һ飬Ȱİ͸־űһҲ⣿ȥԵһʲôʧ
Ƶȫʲôʧòƣ֮в£ҲѮϼһοж׸һ֧ãĻصɿܶΪڵɵԶαٿ
İһʱʧδ˽̫أҲȫ
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»ʰ͢ƽ£ʢ硣Ψзɿܶڴ¶棬ȻΪ»֪֮⣬»
ͻ֮󣬷ɿܶݣֻھլ䲻˴ȴǴлˣ򸮸س䣬զࡣ
һ磬֮ʢ֮¡˵»ȺӭǷϵãԸصĻ»Яһ𻰣ԭ˵䣬Դ֮
ΪΨһŮӣΪעĿ
Ϊ뻪ĳģһƽţĴһϮɫĺɫ׹֬ɨȾ죬ƣװǹˣĽĿ⡣
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˶ϯϣޱԹɫϸˣͣΪáʱǾ𱭣õɫĴصЦʦΪʲôֻɵȸ
ʹѸģѩԴ̬бϳݣһأиɻһ񣺡л˵ĴˣѾɻԭ
һֻ޵Ľݺ۴΢ЦˣɫӹɲһȷľëС񡣡
Ȼһۻֵģ˵ǣҵȷһ
Ⱥе»̸ཻİһԴΪ롣»飬ڻ£ĳָ߰´΢仯ѩãǵ˵һЩرİ
ǳһȻǫ˿ʲôԸ
ѩһɲԴ;ơ
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˷ֵᣬصݣе»һȥ̿ڣس̵׼Ρ
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ǴӴڿȥǺڳҹ˼˰ǽӵӦסǣʱ¹ϲҹ£һʹߴ
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һˣк죬ѲԭԶıڽνɱ⣬ָƸ˵ʡ
󳤸νûйָأĿÿһֶҪ»ϥԼȥִǿͬأ󳤸衪Խն
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󳤸һǧε֪ô
û˵ȥס˿ڣҲûʣתص⣬ǾٻתڰŻϣΪ֦վ̡



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һʱڵ·٣ʱ䣬ͬߣЩطҪǰ̽·ľ򵼱ԹЩԭ˾Ȼ֮¡ȴ֪鷳ʱļϣȫͬնͱ磬żȻĴֱܡ
˵Ǿ٣ʵߵò죬󳤸򵼷ŻٶȣʮպȻɿܶӰ˲⣬ҡκδʱϾ̽Ҳ޴֣Ψоȡ
յĽŲһ컬뿪»࣬ѵһڸɾȪˮǰЪ
˷ͷæµеҰеȡˮеʰ
ݲ£ڻԭķǲףİҼʯͷڵ̧ɨܡѩѾȫˣݰܵҰݱϦȾƣԶҰ۽ջ׹£һ޷ݵ׳Ŀԡ
ˣİȴסɫԵһģ
һӰӣûڲĽУԼңԶУҲ˺С
ȷʵһƥյӰҲԽԽķضһɢĳܿɫͷڿзһһ·ĮĮķ
ֱӰӵ˸ǰİѿڽгɿܶ
סƺǣƺǣûŪ˵ĳࡣ
İԷɵĴϱһˣƿͷİײһͷӰĳڻĮϱո
İɵסˣеĻʯȻأʷֱɤӽк
ӣɿܶˣѩ
ѩ
ĿɿڴӲĿűɫЦٻ⣬ڷɿܶһҲ׳ļϣ̬ǶԷǸòꡣ
ɿֻܶһȥƽڵģǿƵ㣬ѩԾ洦ɼӲݡ
ƺѾϰѩˣһֳ̺סˣһֽһ鿾ݹȥѩҧһ³ٯıԹһ䡣
ɿܶû˵Ϊ̫ƣ˵ԸʧˣԵҲȰҳϣ⴮ãʼڻпơ
½ɽͷ֣㿾ζ̫
ճ˳飬ޱĻش𣺡Ҽǵǿǳ֮֡
űߵĶԻ󳤸ýӿڣֱӺһۡ
ǴΨһˣ˶Ķʹѩϸ˫§ڷɿܶҲ治ɫ˺ʱ뿪»ޣ
˱չ˵úܺãȫƷɿܶƣ룬Դɳӽ·һĳΣԼʮǰ뿪ǡ
һһЦˣ۾ĶǷ·ϹӣλŵУ·Ͽգ
˼ʮ׷ϲǡѩȤЦ˳ҲмӲҪһǡ
ǲɫ˷ɿܶһۣΣ
ѩ˲ͷѩ׵Ķŷɿܶգ̬ˣϲܻӣһЩһֱ׷ûʲôµģǽ
˵׽ԭұ޷ŵ˿ŶΡ
ɿܶһĬĿ⣬˵ûʲô飬·ϲˣһغȤľͷ
֪ΪΣİȻͬ
ǱȴԱƽʱ䵭»Է˰䱦ȡ󣬷ΪһҪ뿪
ɪޱÿĽ𷢣ֱ壬ѤʢŵĲ˹աѩƺǸȣǸˣ˭
ع
ҲһͷһۻԶֵͻ꣬һ˲串ĵԡ֧ļңٿһǵĺ
˵ϧȻǼֱʯͷĳδ飬˲˷ǣ
ҶҪ뿪»ޡõɫ۴𳰷ѩһмֻ֪Ϊã鷳ӻȥûϵӦ˰ңҵһ̣Ҿ֪ȫһ
ɫʢŪɣðİ벵̣ԸŮ˶ڶˡû˻ὫɱȴԹ˱͡
ǴҲٸ˵ȥת˷ɿܶŵĻƽһ˿𣺡ʶôã֪ԭֲա
˲»һ人ȴ÷󳤸üĿ֣ᶯһסˡ
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ҹﰲѩķЩ࣬ԭӾ¶ޣŮӣΨһʣλѲҲͬޣȻа½ŷɿܶͷʹѡ
Ǹİ޲ߣֻһ
ҹ˶˿ްĻޱߣķǵӳ˻Եǣ˰ߡ
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һһĳ˯ǻƻ衣
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ͷЩߵȪˮϴ
Ⱦɰͷ۾ᣬŶδϴζ⿪ͷĲһưȪˮȥˮòһ£ҲΪѣû巢ĶֻܽưˮŪɰ
˰γЧãȻȡˮưһֻƿС
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ĺǵһߣ·һʵĻڰӰģԼתĹ⣬ǳأֳĿ
䣡ӱɪޱϸĽ𷢷һɲǵľס
巢Ȫˮ̫䣬巢ãӦð°ˮŲͷʪһ߽ȻͷֺܣǷβݣǲǱƹҪõͣϷۺ͵Ĩһõ¶ͷŻҲнÿ
İһ԰ۣĸ˻Ůһͷϻ˼ɿܶԣý䣬ûƢڡֻ˿ɪޱ̫ǣ˲䣬ֲָʱʵļܼŮ֮ίʵզࡣ
Ĳɵ˰죬ڿڡţȥ֧
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½ɽҲͬУ˵òȼȫ㵣ˣ˵֧ʮ·̣һҲѲ˶ٹ򡣡
Դ֮ΧͱóĬԣ˭ҲûԹȴʼҲûа󳤸߽ѡԵˣһ·»޵׷Ҳܳڶ
Ը⣬û˵ʲô
ɪޱǵĻȤһֻȷǰĿʢΣȥ֮һֻ潿ĳ¶ȫԽ븧οǻ
ѾϰȾͿʼ½ɽסڴ°־кãʣµһҲ˳ֿ˰ɡ
Ȼ̧ͷһֻϴɾ˹

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Ӳשһߵһ飬ɷĩĨĨһָ̣нĵߵˢһͣһϣ񣬴תżȥķ
һһѻˮ¼Сǣһȣ˺üϸһӽȥƲȥĭκһЩ֪ãζԽԽŨ·ֻεֹųθ͡
ĻѬת˽ƣ֪ѰҰĽͷۣĨϣ˱ǣʳָ󶯡
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ǻƷਣ˼ĿŷɿֺܶգǰǴˡ
½ɽʳ֮㣬ֻ뿪ԭΪܵһͣ¥һգֻν
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بŵĳҹبŵĻԭ
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ĬȻΣȻһۡ
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ֲһ֮跨ҲǷΪʵٵĵ٩ʾӮ໤˺֪̾Һʱңܵһŵ
һʱԷĻ⣬ԼãȻ
Ҳ˵һЦʶȥ

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յĸȥɫ򵼶һ漣
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˷ƸǷͬһ㣬ּʥͣ˼¾һʹضеǧöͭͭ¹ʮԣ˫赶ʮԣźУɣйǷ
ʥּἰ˽µӣ󳤸౻ΪӢܣִһ֬塣ҺͣʹҲҫǳڶӼ˼ȵƽ̿أֳӴĿ޲ѣĽ
ʥּӹͣӭڵһλ׹ݲʩ¼లʦʦɵӦУһյƷֱƻæµϡ
һڳﱸѹڼϣǧͷطƬ̣ȡ͵ϸϾ¹֥ͼȷʵһƷ
һᣬ󳤸ǣͷһѰȥȴ˸աѶһãֻ󳤸֮빫ɶȥ˵춼һ;
֣಻ɵ⣬ԳѰ٣һ·ʹȥʼղӰ֪һˮ
ƻϦͶڳ棬ӳƣֻ׺ڳʳżȻȶѩɫᣬ䰲ּţϸˮУ·ˮ֮һ
һ˵һִסһ¡·иӰ轣âɢףɵת˲ӰʧˣǰȻǺܾˮɽĨơ
ϤĵطѾˣĿŰǵԺ䣬ȻԺгһˡƫͷ·ڴԺڵĳ裬ƻ⹴ճ˵
סˣէһ㺹ְʵĽϣֻ̰ɿ˼òܿƣ߽˷·죬عͷֳһŲŭ
үɫ㵣񣬡үڴˣ
򱡾ǰڴּʱȴһڴ΢ϡ·𱻴һ㣬üͷƹĿ⵭Įá
λү׽֮ˣĿ˾ʮ˽⡣һʱΣֱڲŷּʣмðһ衣
Һñƺδ⣬Ŀܣһߣ·һˮɫΪ£࿴һ󡣡
໺˻һ񣬷Ǳʧɽ·ӣӦΪү·ǡ
һ۽µϯŮӣϲŭǵأ춼ع㣬洦ǾʧȤ
λ˾Ȼһవв죬үţֻɫĺٹƬ̾ѱ棬¶͡
Ҳ˵һתУǰ·ͺүԷ
Ƭ̣ʣõĵطΪƫƫļˡ
ᴽ򣬸һ˲ص˵ƧԶ־δɨһֱá
ƽƽĻϧˣһԺɷ羰ƽ¸Ҳóһط¡
ĵһĬŲ
̧һƳɽǰеŮӯ㣬³ڷһط۰׵ϸǵװҲںŮɫٶȿڣɽã
಻Ļش𣺡غүɽϰѶʮһء
ԶԶһণɽеţ򻺻˴γǰԼŮסǲˣؼҡ
һ仰һ֮˼ңƬ̺ŵлү棬ۣʦ̵иʦ֮
Ҹ¡ĮĮָ飬һϣԵŮӣȻϼѽڷܣҲ˵ݻ಻ɶᣬȥ⣬
Խˣ㱼Ȼжɽͼ֮򸮺һǱ޵Ҳʦ֣˼еݸš
һǿһ䣬күģԵ˼
Ѵٿԣʣµ·;ΨоĬ
ֱнԷ·ҵתײ󳤸ǶˣĪһɡԺͣ˼Ϻɽ֪٣Ƿ˲ٺȥ
ʢ伴Ͼͱ󳤸ߣδ£һϮװϬ崹Խ׿ȻǳЦȫ㣬Ѱ̽
󳤸ȣĽӿڣӲѧԨ֮ѱͬΣƽռߵķ羰ҲȤζ¡
һݷǷһӢ˻쳣ۣһ˫ԡһ񣬾Ƭ̺ŵǶͶ
󳤸һ㫣ͶΪȻӱҳһ꣬ѧʶԶʤңҪףصΪֳ
סЦĸߣȴ˰ݷ빫ӽ壬ˡ
Ǻ򸮹ӣƽͣӲڼӣһͬ󳤸費СҲδ룬˳ŻЦ֮Уʦ֤
Цڣδɫ䣬˼⣬ʲôݣǻ
ɲʱΣȫסˡ
󳤸ͷһ⣬Щ򣬵׶ԷݷͬѰǿŭӲүԺ⣬ҲȤ䣬޸֮ġ
ͬǲȻ֪λȨأǸϲŭӲɫ޶˵ʧ̬Ƿϸ
ɫ쳣ѿ·ĳħһ̺Ż񡣡˲֮£ǡһ£Ȼ¶ƣ̬ˣһʱʧԱ㡣
ԱתȥȲҲɻ
Ȩ޹ʺȳ⵱Ȼǿ£󳤸貢ͷһ춼ĴԹʿ֮ģҲ˵Ľ֮ͽ󳤸Ž֮
һʱ֮󳤸ľƽпȫȥϱǺӣ£йȥʦʲô
˼ɢβŵʦܣɽΣ
ͻһʣ󳤸Ըɻ󣺡ʦӣʦʦҲмӣһмãʦͻȻʡ
ɽã¾óзңĿҲһƬ㯣¹ȻٹʮʮΣ
󳤸ԣ˼ԶѿڶȻոΪһڣͼշһĨЦ󳤸һͻȻϣʦ㲻ɽϣ
Ź棬µӿѡʽҲʦɽףȢӴ޹أԾӡ
ĬȻãɽʦţһ䣬ȥҲ಻ߣδܵ˾֪ΰš
󳤸֪֮ڿڣ˿̾ȻǾѰϧǾɽϣʦһǼõġ
̾һüΪɽʱת˲˺ƳɽۣҲ֪᲻ڡ
󳤸һ̣Ｋ档ʦңزį
ǧ˼ǣֻδһƬãξİһͻȻųٹԽᣬʦѽӣºأ±ϣҪȥһˡһԼȳͷ漣࣬ĻҲ游һȥΰţһˡ
ɽӳഺӣ󳤸ͻȻһ˿ۣۡ͸ܾۻõõһУǼįľɽһᣬã㡣



һ컮ܲգ걩עɫޣĻ·ͱ˸ˮƵƵ˰ߡµȻˣһӰӳһֽɡѵС·С
·ӰŨ֦ܵҶ˷ӿڿҡҡˮµϱӰߵĺ·ͷһլۡǰ
һլӣɽɽ˽ȥ
ӰߵߵŻ̿ˡ
бˮƷ겻Ϩӫӫ˸ڵ·죬ںڰָʾլԺΨзһӰӻ룬˳ŵƹйԺͣһƻͨ鷿⡣
ƿһ鰸Ʈǣ̬ţЦ⣬ޣѣһǲס
Ǹĺ꣬ܳɡԱ꽽˸͸ʪϤƽĮ˼Ԩ˵˵ʣµĳҲˣΪʲô
ͣˮ鿵칦֮磬ΨֲһֱΪѲų²ߡ٬Ϸʣǲ⣺˭칫ۣȻʪΣ
Ƿɿܶͷˮ̳ģľһˣ𵽵׸
ӿԷȫᣬҲΪ⣺ЩЦ֮ѱ£һ׮Уֲ߽
괹ۣνֱĨȥϵˮ˼Ԩ̸ýӡ
΢΢һЦջ󣬡ֶԣ׮׾٣Ҳ񣬺αҪַһ
ֻȡ𡣡·һҲԸ˵ʪľ΢ű߻ˮ
һϻԷǰƽѶҳƱһ»ʱ͵Ľ鱦񡣡
˿Ľϻ뻳Уˮ˳ޱ߻䣬ʪָ⼫԰ס
ʶЩ죬һʱֱ治ԭ򣬡ֿʲôѴ
ûᣬһִ飬ͽȻϮˡٿڣѾ̤ȥǵĻﶼʡˡ
ŷеıӰɻǶ˷·һ˿ѪȻڵϣɿ֮ܶǰ֮һ̲ˮգʪĵשɫǸһãָ⾹ȾһĨ졣
Ȼ⣬Ļк䣬̽ǽ˸͸ʪİɡۿǸģıӰҪ߳Էţȡס
İӦ׷ȥ֪ԷɿܶıԼδס±У˭һ˳ڼϣԷһĵȥ
עһֳɡһֻ۽޽գɫҰףȻԹȥ
ĳɨ˱İ
װŮһɫ΢ڣһš
·ϣ߲˺󣬶Ļﱻʡ
ɫ΢ڵŮڣЦϡмֶ⣬ʦˣȥɽ®ȻھͰˣɲ˵δ
ŵŮЦһ£ڳɫ֣һֱаʡ
˲ˣӿİһֻδޣԲ˫Ŀ׹¶·ҪƤǳȥϮѸͿ£צѻ˼ۣѪʹǵصľ
ǰש棬㱼ڵϣ۶ϵĽϥǰΧĻ򳰣ҡͷ̾Ϣ
ʦµѩ⥣еһֻѾͷȻ
̫ˣա
ҡƽӹ
˵ļۺʹ亹һ˿˿ѣ˵ӳϡ
һΣһӰ̤ݾ㾲
ͷøˣĿԵݵ׹ʹ޲ýԼʯ塣
һᵭ𣺡ջɽ˵ͽɱѩ⥣
ҵֳˣһһ
®ءŹ桭
ͷ
ͷģӵһû˵ڣ֪ûĵط
һַֻסļ磬ָ㼸ϵѨȻʹˡ
һ죬ѵվֱͷҲǰһ˫һԽס诵ͽܣʲôҪ
·һȼ᲻ɴݵϣȥĵ⡣ΧȻʧˣֻʣؿȵ͡Ȼ˫ˣһһѩɫЮ֮תҪӣϴ˺ѷεľʹ
ôˣİе衣
ϵ˸Žü٣ȴѲ
һۣĿֻصеϡһö̻ɫӣɵĴָСһžɵͭϵľϣɬ޹⣬˿졣
ӣʲôİȻʶǿôãض֮ͨ
ӯ֮ٶףԭΪⶫǷ·һ䣬ŵȴа飬˵Ƕϵɱ֮
İס࿴ۣϵˣʼ޷ȻǸŮˣ͵
ǽӷŻؽڣʰһ
һ쳣Ķ̹ʵ׼ʵֳȲСۣߵ֮ƿշǿաձ״ǳ⣬ͷƣξ£Ե׭֡
˭˼һҡ
ǳȴ⣬Ƿתá
İ̲סۣⶫӦǱֲ̫ƹڶգ޷У۹Ϊ㡣
ϵ˵һͷ۳亹·ڼĳʡǷеĶһʪհĶȻԷһ£۾ˡ
ƺЩ㱣˫ӴãΪͫ䱸ĶǾ൱Ȥһס飬չˣƺӦƺ
ǳЦĿտº޺һѼõʪ£ĹĿӹԵƮһ¡
չڱ·Ѿȥģ¼Ȩ¡ǸһʧиɻĽͣɵĴΡֻ֣¹ǡ
ϵ˴ɫҰףһԲ亹Ѿʪ˶Ȼۼˡ
Ƿ·죬һĨʤȯյݣ̽չﾹȻѧȻͬţصˣҪӸţ
һڱƳ˷Ӧһ£˴һ˻Ϣǿأѱɡ
ǿղ죬¶֮ɫڴˣҿλˣŵȳпʲô᣿
䲻̫Ѩͻͻҧסʹ۾Ѿˡ
䣬Էʼղͣһ̻˻⣺֮ǰõҩȻֹʹѪЧò˷ǱѰϸľأ粻跨赼ػᷴ˺ϡ
ʧѪ࣬ķӦЩľ˺һ⻰е˼Ƴһߵϻ仺ƶֱۣץһѱʯǰ
ǰβŵǺ⣿
ס˺Ѱʹǿһ촽
𣿡Ŵ˵˵һ󣬺ȻЦĳӯΪ˳չҲ֮ţЩ໻ܡ
ƺ̫ļζ룬ֻƹ
һٶǵЦԽ죬һƣİѾ˳ȥһš
Ժᣬչ˲ӣʩ롣Ǳ˵꣬ȻشһϵĽƵʡ
Ȼ꣬ȴȻͬ
µȫ㣬Өһ񣬱ļںıιϣʹȥһ˵ĻȡȻҿڱϵɴһĽ˲̵ĺƻС
һµĴڣɾΪĿģʺļɼ׹ǡ
ǳ䣬˷ڼеĽͻȻըһˣѪļȻʹ˰ˮı
룬ıֶ˼Ѫģ˿ڣ϶ϵѪɫ
ӶƵԾ˿ڴĺһҩֽһʪȥϵĺȥҩۿʼʹϢƽε֫𽥷ɡ
ʪ͸Ѫ̻һ飬֮ŲҲ̶õı˳ţܰ˳˭
ֱдҩСǸ±ʣīԸɺݸİգٻӡ
İҲͨҩӹҩһɨզ࣬ô˵ôأ
Ǹýĸ֣֮˶ȴһʱ벻ָʶߵ棬κü΢ѵ
İ˺棺Ӳ˭
Ƭ̺ҡҡͷˣĶͷ
İƶϵȻڱʱЩԵʱʧ֡
ǲһǣһܣȷ˵úˡ
İΪȻԼǲ˵ݻĸʱգƫҪӲŹֹܹӡ
üһƽЦЦˣôţͽѿˡ
İҲǣ̲סֹΪ˽һȻҪˡνʱ˽õƱָǮׯ־ݲſֱĺһ㡣
Ҳ΢ðնΪȱǰѵǧƽִ»ޱ˲䣬˾ǲ㣬ʲô

¶

һưͣ˳ӵĽҩһҩҲ֮֮ɬŤ󣬸˵һ֡У򸮹·˺޷ֱȻͬͬ飬ҲżȻ
⵱Ȼ̫죬ҩƿۣǵĳӹһ˿â֣Ϊʲô뿪ʹţҲڿԼˡ
ĻＤκηӦĬĸԣ·ʲôҲû
Ȼûӹ齱ߵ£ǰһ춼˵һЩ£мֺ棬ȨΣľ⴫
شȻһƬžȫĶŵļһ䣬ʵڲԸᣬҲ
һڱƵˣͷĮȻ֪ʲô
Ǵҩȡһ˫ָһƵ̡ıһ˲ˣסеİ˹ġ
һӦʮ⣬󷽵ĽСĽȥϷѾɣԵͭ⣬ųĻҹͫĻ㱣·һ㡣
˰ΣȻ΢Ǹõطĺϼʤա
ɫĹ棬ָ⼫ĸ·С֡
һƽĿͷ󳤸˭˭ף
˺һĵĵȣ˻ش
俪˿ڣȡ
Ȼ˻Ӧڶ˳£ٶȿڣǣΪʲô
ɼʵ˫ƺøУʹ࣬Ҳ޶֮ͬꡣ
ȻʣǱ֪ˣ
ǵȻʲôֺ⽫¸֪𳤡
°˹ģĿͶž䱸㵽Ҫʲô
ǳǳһЦζ֪䱾ˣκ
һ˵ʲôɫβŵʲôˣұǸʦʱˡ
һü˵ȥ
Լ̫ò䣬˼еٻһС֪ĸ˭һյİˣһһǵĻƽּǮ˳ڽ͵ϽСץסЩ򣬲ȥ١
һ⻻һشǽȥ诣
ĬһᣬȥŪֻСģǵڷû͵ԵģҶ÷裬ʱһ̤գʦ·סûˣʦ֣˵ǴӰյģͽ䡣
ʵĺϸ;Ϊͽ
Ļͣһɲһʦҿҡ
ĵ·ϼһ׸²㺱ΪͽܵĲ࣬Ǵɫʱ㼸ꣿ诱㳤϶٣
һüǿʦ˵ҿ꣬ʱɽû꣬Լʮߡ
ǿܣһ⣬Ϊʲô뿪
ĻشûаϴҺõֻʦʦˣҲٴȥ
ʰʣйڣ
ɫͫһƬĮȻĺ赭űͣѧҲΪҲʦͽܡȻѾԶ룬Ҳκι
Į̬һѵҲˣҿ춼ʦʦüģ¹֮ˡ
һޱĴۡ
ûб粵Ҳ۵ԸӦԤЩͬһ˲ĵ䲻֣һ켤Ż
Ĭ˺ܾãҲ׽֣ܡ
ǲۣ΢΢һЦʹۣȪѰ
֪˵ĺܿ϶ȴȥ
ǲɫ۵ףΪʲô
Ļֵ᣺ҪӣʲôҲᡣ
һֺ棬㵽Ҫٽӣǰѵһ룿
ԥŵѾˡ
ѰһòĽת˲գ˻ӻ޹ղ֣ɣ»͢ؿȡ䱦Ҳˣ
㵵ĵ֮ɫһᡪͣһˡȷʵؿ⣬ɶδܴԭ
ȷǳǵϣΪʲô
һȺ׷䱦ɢ˽ŻҲų»׷̫ܱסͲˡ΢źûй̾
׿ֱ׷ȥƽ׿æһԭǱǣˡǺЦʣżЩ䱦ڣֻҲδػˡ
ƺܿ͸һУûзϣмãȲˡ
Ǹҹʣʹءĵ⣬ǸζֿȷʵҪ֮֮󲻷¿ǣ𾡿⡣
ɫţԴ󼸺Ծܾ
ûп½ޣָᴥ¾ɵĹıȷʵϾ빫ѡ
˽Գֵƫƫ̳һȺĵӡ
µ诣ֱ󳤸裬ǽ䡪
ͽΨһĵӣǸĬԣӲ¶ݵŮˡ˫쳣ɾͫĽ䱸൱Ȥ
ǽϵҩ꣬İζҩӣһͰҩԣϸˡ
ҩмٽ𣬼ֵƣİӦº󲻽ѯʣ¶ҩɢԾãȷҪࣿ
¾Ŀ䣬Ȼ£ҩߣϵ˿ڹΣҪ̺۱Ȼ࣬ôܾá
İ˴һ仰Щ˳ðڼʱסˡ
ǵһۣʲô͡
ҩãĽҲտڣۺ⣬˴⼡Ѻδʱǹؼһζҩ˽ʩá
ûʲôӦϰ˽ԼһˡȻûϵһδԽǰͿҩһһֻ޳ȵֱӴı̽Ӳˡ
оָպߵҩҺӺ󾱵ֱݵһڼϻһ˵սָ·öѰ
Զʱ彩飬һӦǼĦȴԾıܡͣһ£ȡҩƿ㵹һЩָȾŽƵҩҺ쳣Ŀָָÿһ񾭡
ҩĺûֻ޿̣Щˡ֮ǰҩɡ
ĪǷͿʱЩʣʵ˿̫ôҩٶˡǲĴŪ΢ЦƽҲ֪Ůܲףκδҩ븨ַҩ룬ΨвˣþЩСڡ
ԽԽ·ɧ˵ʲô֪ԼôˡǰһƬģʼȣĺԽԽأЩ̲ס
ǲɫĹ۲죬ϵͫˮ٣Ϣٲһֻ಻סӵʮ⣬Ϊ˱Ūȵǰһַ֪ҩ
˵ʲôֻ͵״ͻȻˣܱϵڰȴ˴̼ħ
渷·̸渵ҩϵѩΡʮϵ֥Գ𼬡ӡָľʵҩƣΪ¶ȥЧĿǰΣԼϰ˾ƿҲȬˡ
һ˵꣬ѹص㣬ĬһҩֵΣ
һƿٽѡһҩҺĨϼ赭д
һƬţκ俪ڣϴᵽ׮УҪʲô
һбĳ˲ʱЦ⡣

Խ

ľӳ˳ıͷ۲죬˺ббڱļϣһɰɫĻָ⸧쳣ƽȫܹˣӲϵǵҩܹŹְȷʵЧ
£½俴齱ƽõһŮȹ
Σ׵˿ϸϼоİߡĿӹӣʹ˴ָĵصȡİ
İߵߵͣƬ̣һŮԴ
ȫȻİİһʱû񣬵룬ָ¿һ˨̤ڡ
յ͸ֽӳ밵
ǰһˣϸ׵ָűʣĶԾݡ
ڵĳȥüޣ¶ʵĲգճһְ͸İףǼͦ㣬ɫĴһ⣬ӯһɾרעϢᡣ
ȺҲŵķʧˣȡ֮һδŮˣİסˡ
ŮȻž棬Ψлﴫȥ
Ȼһ£İͷ˲ѹ˰ǰһۣЯ˳ȥţһ˿Լ΢Цͥʯ¡
ſˣֳһ걡
üĿѵǿ֮ˣµȹϣ԰ֹʡ
İ˼ۣګګƲߡ
һͷβŮˣȫҲյĺۼʱ򣬰İŵԷϵʵζӳ¡ȻʣŮ˵ıŤԸԼǸ꣬ǰӯü׵İŮӡҲžһƳĲգŪ徿ǲʵ
ŷҵɻ󣬰İ׺ڳ󷽡
ڵ鼫ã°ȻоԷףӰף֮̾Ϊֹ˿õĿ
˿̵ҲƲöֻ˵߲͡
һǷݣȥ⣬һˣ
ظ˺棬춼ǷòǳЦڴҿдң
һ룬ᴽһΪΣ
糵ͻһ׳çǷǵŵЦһʱ֡
λʵмģȤİͷת˴⡣
£ʣڵİʢŲˮģ⻹ɢп̬ݣЩǺδϰֻʦռߣδżݡ
ĺܼ򵥣ɽѧġ
Ǽ̶Ǹʲôˣ
Ӱӳӳ룬һĿȻԣһƹӰУĶ䲻֪Ȼˣóթ֮ﹰֶףѧŽݺ
ǵȻ񣬷һЦ⣬λڣ
һ̣ˡ
ʵò̫ɣԸϧһüʶ
䴹۽ޡ
ǴĻ⣬ȴаҲ͵ģ
˽һ͵ģ˵رҶжҩ㡣
б⣬̽ѵֿܵҶڣֻʦͽҲˣԵ
֪Ƿ侲Ĭһ˲ҲҪκˣҪ£ŵʲô
Ȼ̽ѯľ裬ǲɫתҼʮϤʶأ
ûлشĬϡ
˼Ԩһ̣׷Ϊ֪䲻ϲȨֶٰرܣȻԶСǲǣֵͷѱٴγʱӦԣ
ͣ˺ܾòŵ˵ʲô
֮ܣӦǺңƫƫƣǳ¶ϧʶȵչ¶ػֻǾÿϧټȣһѣϾмֱ
˺ܾã΢΢ǳЦк·ʢ޾ջ
գʲôҲû˵ĬĲͷ
ǵ˵Ҳ򵥣˵鷳ҲȷʵЩ鷳
λѪҪݹһȵԽᡣӽһ˵Ҳ£·ԲϲΪɣ;нЯİӣΣϵһν󵨡
Ӣۻݣ˷ԽĺǿһѾõĹÿһҳֵʢᡣرΪͷ㷢غһ֡һύĺӢۡһ׮ĿĽʢ¿ӢܶԽ̨һ¶ͷǣ᲻ͷʣһҲ¡
˴ηǸݵֺңӶѮϢһﲻٴ뺣ݻȥǻеһ;סõõ꣬طƷʳȫȻһҹ΢̬֮
һʻһСӡİڵĿջƹһ֪һµĽڵӭʰ
ջһ¥ľͷܶ߰˸ĺȰƣڶ཭˰յȭöźĽЦò֡İ׹һ
лүʹͣСؼõϣ˲Ӵ˵شªƹǮΪϲʮ־ӭýɾĺóɽǣΪԽͷ
һкŮȻ֫ϸظӯഺŮеۡ˾ӢĹӣŮһЦԽá
˿ǵƳһۣİطԸѽˣˡ
ƹƨĵϣڨڨЦһʹʰ䣬İģԸȥӣ䱻ӭСȺ򡣾ƿĶ࣬ǵò˲˵ߣһѰŮӣ뽭йأҲͲٹע
һᣬе̸Խأڲ¶ȽͷʵǺֱȤ³һ̣
һȻڵ٩
ǴݣȻʵ˵ǰԽἫĿֻ⥺յţǿһ֣δѷڶˡ
ͻȻһİµʲôҲֲѻŵħҪ֮ܺн
һɲǼͻȻ飬ȺʼЦ˽е˵뽣ֽУбȥᣬħʲô
ǺȶˣĭɵĿڣ˵ǸŮģ㽣ħΣžġ
ħŷͬ죬Ӻᴵƿ;ԳŪǷ裬һ֣мֻ
ͨ죺ǲǽңһܶʲô磬Ҫǻң񲲡֮ʱ䣬ĻҪŻ
ٶЦ׷鲻ᡣ
ľĬڴʴʵͫһ˵ɭ䡣һ˲ǴȤĹ۲졣
ȻʲôҲûȥջԺ
ǲЦЦҲ˹ȥող⣬ȻͷָѸݵͷһջʱĶһֻİʯ衣̧׿ȥ¥˴ȫ˼һƬվ
ǵЦݵˣ类ĺɫȾģްѱ档



ʯϷֲⰻȻӯСĻ΢ƺǰŽˮڰϺ֮ɰʱǰЩҪǵΪ˻࣬䲢δȥ׷صˡӱϿɽˮĹӱ׹ĻƺһżȻִ⡣
־һΡǴ˳ţѵ⣬ָⴥҶ̵Ļࡣ⻨üãġ
Цշ·ᾪ£ʼ͸ҲԸ롣
Ȼ˵˵ľЩرѶԺ󲻷ƷһƷ
ҡҡͷҲƣҰİ
һǧȴƣǳ¶һȡ
ĺȤҲܸɴ࣬ҳ̫࣬
ȷʵҲ˵ĹȥǷȰȤҪ̸ף֪ľѵʦԨԴʦþƣ
һһ̣̲סͣʦӲƣ˵Գֶ뽣档
һγɹճ𰸣ȻãľӺζ
ֲ˵ˡ
΢΢һЦ˵֪ҽкþ֮񱣿
żȻš˶٣һۣ㲻뱻֪뷽йأҲ˵
л䣬ͷ̫Ժ徻ҽѧЩƤë鷳òЩݸ裬һ˵ѽݣɽĲҲѣ˵Ȳѷ
ͷһۣδƷ
˵춼֮⣬ȵ£䵱ɽϴԼҲʦ裿һڣָ֮һ䣺ֹ裬ʳţ
ÿ仰̽Ȼ޹ؽҪ֦ڣűɫĲǰĳĬõɽǰʦ˼ʱ¶޽Ұϰ˴ʳ衢塢Ʒ̸ʫ۵һŲᣬͬӦþ졣
𣬡Ϊ䲻ѧѵô˵
üһ·ʲôһ£ƽƽ³ۣѧѾľ
ɫǳһЦħͽܣõ
û٩ ʦңҼ컯
Ǽ棬εľη裬Ҫһ̽ߵ룬ѱá
ĽУЩ֣ڵһɫƣȲĿӳôڹӰ룬߷飬˺Щ㡣
һؾȷʵĲȴƫ飬ǳ˼ڲϲ˿ӻƣʳҲϰߣҲԳŲˮĽȥţƺΪԼģճôֲڶ⡣
ĵƹӳĲգͻȻ˫۽вͬ࣬ị̄ǶصЩ
̫ͣã쵽ᴥһ׹޼Ժ
ЦЦǴֵ˵ʱҲͰˣںôŮӣһ˫۽޶ϷŹ
ϰΣû˻鷳
Ǳɹ治ĽԣԷ̫һջΪʸ֮ģβøõķʽȡǮ
俴һۣ֪İ취
ǲɫ̽ûһԵ
Ĭһ£С
ǰü°Ȼ˵˵
Ƭ̣յ١βסҶ
ϣǽסȻҪζҩʲô
Դۣ˵ЩҩЧ书޵С
ǴɫĵƴǺδĻĵ֮ǣЧԪѰ˸ãβȷʵ棬ľ֮ϣ쳣ѰҶΪ飬ժҪð֮ա⼸ҩԲһʳ޵δأпܰշ
Ѱҽ߸֪ΪҩһһרעŰͫͻȻ˻ԽԽ
ɻأҪ̽ʣȻһУһĵĵײ
񻣬ʢ˻ȻһŮ
ĨüԲ޺촽һϮصȹڳϣʮ㣬һ˲ժĽڽУػ཭͵Ŀ⣬Ҳ֮ԴŻŵ˽⴫Ц˵֮׷˽
֮أݵ΢˭ĵϷƥҲ˳£ס䣬ʧɫӯӯǣӾҡ
Ů۲׹·зǸ߹ĹΨһľǣϧλӲ֪ǲɵˣǲԲԹۡ
˺ѣ¶˰ѩ׷ı󣬻ɫˣиԳ縡͹ΣӾңūԸԱ
ˣƫƫ⹫ʯͷĳͱǸӣȫȻһ޷Ӧ
ҧҧĵһѣۿҪ˽ӻͻһӲһֵĽǶȵ⣬۳һ
ľзˣסǵ½ϥһӲڵϣһû߳Ӳǻˡ
ˣһλֿʿ·ƽ֮ȭüطĽ鷳˳µĹӸ綪ϴһۡŮһһ߱ĵʿķ˳ȥȥ۲ǣӯԹߵί
һ֦˳Ļ·һҵļ֤
һֱûֱԷȥϱ飬ʰ𻨶һ̡̹΢̣ذ죬оأһֲҡ
顣һ߱ζЦڴ˱ػ֣ȴ֮
ŮΣΪΣڹӰɢңǾȻ÷иֶδС䵯һ»࣬ʳǱѾõɻ󣺡㲻书ȴй񣬺Ϊʲô
Ҳأ󷽵ĳϣ겡ʦҩ壬콾ҽöĿʤѰˡ
Ĭһᣬ䲻Ϊʲô
ݸ޴羢ǼͽǴֺ֮ͽóȻ
ʵܣûʣֽסյĽڵһײоһֻɫ׳棬ֱϸ֫һ



ڶ죬䷢߶һˡ
һʮ꣬䣬һϴľ
سꡣչ
İسΪɣֵʱҲͻأǲδһ˲βڲ谸һȻ
سһӶʱסϴССĲյ̼ˮۿϮسָӹ¶֮ʮ·һְֻŪȻ档İҪ޺ãͻĻһǣ̵飬кһأȾۣΩһ֧ŲаҡҡλΡ
һεľسһš
ȥ󣬰İˣһǹسѿ
΢΢һЦسΣ
һسȻƽһ־˰ţȴ󰵾űϣؾ֮쳣ʽûбʤİա
Ů˵վİסˡ
İسмɻ󣺡ǽħͽܣ书αҪ
ЦЦһҲܺ棬ôҲӲ读дˣΪʲô
ȷǰȫģЩسģҪȷϵĽһ¡
ȻʲôȨܾ裬ױ򡣡
˱诣Ŷκ˻¶ġ
һ˸֮ע̫ƽسƬ̣¶ȫһ·߻ӣаӻ
޷ϣȤһЩǳһЦĻȴΣգο̫ƽôԵó
һĨȻ˷ܣ·һȤζʮϷ
سĥãϵ鴦ϣȥѰ˰İֱʣӶ⣿
İƥһؿһ˻ЩͷһӣϽסسһı顣
سӹ֣ˢϸϸˢë
İΧ˻ҾΪǼһЩ£Ϊá
سֺȣˢҡγβֹˡ
Ӿ˼Ҳûӣ˸ݣƵưͣаŮˡ绪˵ĹӼ߰ߵķİֱϾܾκ롣
س˸пϵۣǽħ֮ͽˡ
ʲôˣƾֶղģ˵湫ѵϰٱİһιЩɣʶôֹ֣˵׼м鷳
سȼ̽ĥĳ̶ȣʶô
ôƲһֱܿûʲôֱһؾͷֵУһ䳡滰ûСѵһԹԣİ˼˵ˣǰһˣǹҽֻ¶ȲˣõȫϵȵҩҲаָм
سȻЩأӿв
һİйӵ˭ܴ⡣
Σӹƥϵһߣسٹۣһȷ£·Ҫ⡣
İһǱŪ浱Ӻ顣
ɽͼһ³Ұ֪ἤһЩ¶ˡسˢͬߣһԭ򣬺үڿǹӵĻ£ǰȥʻʼӿ֮ˡ
һذİȫδ뵽λش𡣡
سĻƽĶ֪࣬һλ
İһǺЦһ伫үô˵
ûʲôұùӡسӴ»޹һʱ׵Ĳ٣ҿү鷿Ѿ˲ٽŹĻ񣬲Թӵ顪
סδ˵ȥİȻףǡЩܴǧҪڹǰᣬľţǺүӵˣҪӦү֮һθϹѾ˹ӷԸ鲻𷣣´ξ˵ˡ
سĬţõһͷ
˸ǣһֻƵ档ڻ谵ӹҹµľǶǶһӰӣȻ̧ס棬ϸɵָ·εľ䣬ȴҲɲȥ
澪̵ڣͻȻֻһɣٶȻɣæ룬޾ҹա
ҹţ뿪Ĵҹ͸ҹ⣬Ҳ˲֮͡
ʵ¹£һֻĴС֩Ϣ룬ͨ峤ף״İƣԵǽ룬ڵϰһᣬϸ΢΢·ڲ׽ʲô֫һ
俴ʱ֩Ѿ͸ˣë׵Ȼˣല齽֮ңա
ⶾϮǲùʳˬҹسƺ񱾵У֪
Ͻġ˵˼ͣסˣĬһ˲յſˣ̫࣬ѱ⣬תꡣ
ȻãҲ±һֻ֩Ϲ;Ҳ׷ʣݸһɹѵηǰ·Ը飿
İĿѾ𱸡
䲻ʣӿ˭𣬻ʲôˣ
һЦ⣺ˡʵ벻˭Ϊһ֮ˡ
ȻԸҲ˵ڶŴļʪȣʱ߳ϡ
˿⻿Ķ룬ƫܴİʱһں䣬ǾȻЦˣ˵ĲϧҲȴаıҲܲ
ǾЦȴһ˼һ£һãܸ㡣
ȴа䰮֮Ҫܵ䳣ңҲܷһЩ֮Ȳ֡
ʵ˵ջÿֶƺĶĪķʶһ£ɰͰ͵лỤȫò
ǰٵĵ٩⻰м飬ԭһҵȫء
Ķ֣˵һʱԡ
ǵĳ⵭תЦ޶ֿΪʶվãȻΪԮ֣Ҳˣÿǣ
֪ϷŪǽסһ¶䣬ƿĿ⡣
ѵкδ䲻ϲЦˣԽߡ
ϸڼеΣȥ̽һ󡣡
ߵʵ̫죬ڰİɵۣĪĿſտյĴڣ֮˷ȻôͻȻˣǲǿǰ·տˡҩϤƴһѶñӻ죬ļһ
س֩ʬһ۰İӹˡ
ǵĴסһĨЦۣȥ쳣á
˫ëٴ޶̣Ʈϲκеط¶ϸ΢
ƬСȾɫĶ쳣ɰ

Զ

һȥȻδ֣Ҳְգİʵڲܿûĥ˵һ㤲ϵ־硣̳һ̵ֻͨ򼣬ŷһȺӨʵëС棬ԡͰʮֻ󨡣
ҪĶƵУس治ɫΨһı仯ӶබһҶ෭Ρİסʼĸֱһǰǵһ䣺̫꣬٣Ҫδȴ۸˼ֻӡ
İһ£оѣ侲ٱǣȴ಻ס˶
ԽݣҰɽʢ·ľ׳Ũո⣬ǰҲĺɫسų˰գȻͣ
İ֪죬̽ȥİ˵·ϡ
һһŮһ˫̣ͭɫļ쳣׳˶һöǶ̵ŮĿӯӯüס
һ߲ƣϵسһִޣ̣ȫ䱸
СԦһ·׷úࡣŮ欵Ц̬ˣλεĹӣɷūһƣ
һǰҪлˣء
Ůӷɹһɧ۲ūҽ͹ȵ˵˵
Ļİס
÷ϻͺһȥ
سһޣƥ˻һɽϵˣ֮ƾˡ
һһŮЦŲ㣬ǰͻȻҷӶ𣬿ƮȻһڣҪϳȻ˫˫һˣıӰӹ
سķֶãһԦһԳϣƵŲܣֱۼ٣һʱ˳ᣬ׹˳׷ϡ
λС顣Ůһ䣬һһȺʷ׳ʵĺڷɳ˳ڡ
ſ󣬽δ䣬һȺɫ޵ù鶯룬˴ֲֲʵСټ죬Ϊԭټ֣һĶ۴˵ļʴǡ
ŮͷϧټĿգȻȺ糱ˮ˻ӳͷ׷׵䣬˫һ·̺˴ΪұһһֻƵĶ복ڣҪԾͻȻͣˣһģ·ʲôɲת˲ʵһ⡣
Ůȥڵ˺ö˶˵ţʲôľٶŮɫ䣺ˣ澹Ȼãǿɱ
һ˦һ޼س米ۣһ룬κ̫࣬һԱ޷͸룬Ρеﾪ˻ʹû㰧˻ھ޴ĳײ¿ͣ
İʧصһ˲ǷᣬԾһƥӶϳּȥس죬ǰסˣǰĿӶݶȥŮɫһһĳХ
󷽼ȻİԻ˻֡ǰĵ·һȥ뵡İҪǰУֹסĿһǰ೾һУ̤롣
һѣİȻܱߵɽֳֳһֹصľţȫޡ
ߵһŴתһµĺͯų裬˫صĿޡ·Żˣײײ£յ֣⺢δ̫ΣİʵۣͯԷ֪ϴҪͻȣȪ
İԵתȪѨ˼ͷһȪҪѨҲȡ⺢ӵˡۿʼ⿰ѨͯȻһƣİܵı̣¾ܣͯҲ¶ͯԲΣ˫䡣
İʱһԷһݱɻƣݺᣬ溢ͯǸ٪壬Ŵ˵Ĺ졣
ò⣬İʱ֪˶Էݣѿڶͯӣ
ϽһмѪͯӾ֮һʱУ䱻ͳѶյŰʹԴ䣬ֶμǲжէͽسֱ˲סİȻ򶨣ĵʵЩˣһҧȥ
ͯӺεϵİǸĳݵһչںָһ˫צȥʯȻֺ
İĽܹʦָ㣬ܾѷǳסˣֻסϵسȡͯͯΣϾˣһ֧֡İһʱĴȻͯһܹһ̻ںڵĳָڽһ㣬ƶʱһᣬû
İǰһգͯȥǡ
⧲֮һģȰİ׷ȥѾˣʱ亹乣ۼͯѱǰָ絶ж䡣ӣ
Ǳ΢
ͯӵЦڿлصĳڵľ綾ֻҪһ㼡
ʲôİ˲Ϣ֮䣬ʧˡͯӵĳ׻գ˼׵ˡȻ̧ͷɭɭĿ֣϶ণη֣Ҵ£
ĵûаͯ̽ԶһϮ欵ѣǴǰסܵŮˣмѪۣüѸݣת˲£ʡе֣
ͯƷ·šݶ֣Ͻأ
ϽˡŮҧԹСӲһˣҵĶδ̰˽ᡣ
İּὣǰƾҲӺӣΣ
Ů˿Űİһ˿ɣϹС֣
ͯһЦӻʰˣﻹһġ
Ůüһһϣ˭˭ϽǷݡ
ͯҲϻֱӶ֡
İ֧穵˼غϣͯˤ⣬С䣬֦䡣İ龰һڰգʹȥȻŮ˵СĺӰҲ֮ˡ
İһͯʮŮ϶ദˣ˾Ǳ
ߴĻסĴۣȻ䣬ҶҶֹϢֳһյأĲݵؽήڣ鲼Ҷȸʬͬʱһˡ
䴹ֶˣѪİʱһѵӶ˳ŮȻƷԶӣǳˡ
Ů˵Цûˣ㵽˭֮ˡ
˵ϵҶӻȡһƿһɫĻǰһεȦһΣһǷ׹ȼһȦߣд΢֨죬ͷƤ顣
Ů˵ɫѿˣΰ׵ࡣ
ֱȼſڣ˭
Ůһ³ݼ⣬Ķ䣬ˣҪ֪˭
ʲôһ죬Ůһֺʹʲô
Ȼش
ŮȻǺ޼ˣҧгݵһҲһϣҴ£һսá
ϣİȻǰ˭Ыףѣ
ԶһѸݵӰӽسİϲ
ͯҲˣ֪ʱţݺݵһڣС潸ϣܡݻ˶񶾵ĵһۣ˫˫ȥ
سû׷İͷʣأ
İֻľأӰ٣Ψеס䡣
仹ڿȥķ򣬲֪ʲôκһοѵ֦Ҷֳϵǡ
ƱѨһ鵹Ǻƽ
ϦббӳУҰţ񷵳ּɳۡ
ϵէȻΪĿе˿㣬Ůӯһһ׵Ŀһ˵ϡһһףζԷ޷֮ĵȥ
ŵʧһģسѾȥסǡ
İȻƳһۣԼӳ磬ѴֺŮ˼ˣ

ͼ

˴̿ͺٶȥİҰǲͶ޵Ŀջͣګګ
ǲδУԲ֣תһ׮õĺ
һʰİΪգܣϹȥʱѾˡ
֮ʲôҲûĬȻ˼Ũ֦ܵҶڵߣܿƲ⣬жϡֵľ룬Ы˾Ȼ治ԷõǺίʵѰ
˳˼İʣΨаظ̣벻ͨŮ˳ںֹ񱣬ҪŪøһ㡣
ǱϵģЩ֦ϵĺ֣֦ϻмϸĻۣӦǳһسӻȡ֦ǰؿ쳣ɾ̵ҶƬһ룬类á
֦Ҷӣ˼áмΨöɫ̹ЩΣȻ޷С
İһǱ̽ҼǵͯӵָŪˣָ׼Ӳӳֶܿۡ
ǲ޳ָʶߵ֣ɻ
ռ䣬İŹȣ˿վ̲סȰ룺һͽҲ֪´λʲôˣһŮǿηܲΣˣسЩ
ţһЦƿ˴һӳطʣİԤʾ콫һõգǺɷǰһ
ʵĻߣҹɫдҲԶƬ̺󣬶ջһȴˣһӰͣһϢٿ˴ǰ
˸ƣİس˳˷䣬ǳһЦ䣬ָл
ڹղбܣǰԣͣһɲӯǸ⣬Ϊнɽˮ˭ϱƵ޶ǣ䡣
ֻظϧ𣬡Ҫݣ
ǵ䲻ԵɣȻǳų˺򸮵
ͷתһƬĬ
ҰȻȫ֮¶˶ġ
ĻشɰͰ͵ĺȤֻԼ͵ݡ
ȡ̨⣬ʹüĿ᣿
̧ۣǵķ忡βŵǡ
Ϊѣ֪οң̬ͣȴǲ׷
òŵûѣҲ֪ʲôѣ֪ӲΪѡ
ǵһ£ܹ淴ʣ˼Ԩʲô
˵ĺƽΪףȡ衣
Ҳϣ֮ǵõĻ紺һַ
䲻
ƺЩε΢ЦƬ½ǣα˾衣
ڿڣҽѣҲҪΪ˻رˣòףһ泵ͬУĲᡣ
ڰİԣǸϲ޷رܵĴڡǶ̬Ҳأƺһ£쳣ݡʹ֮ԱõĮͣˮ鿳ʱ졣
ٴ𻰣УĿⶼܿ˽Ӵ
ɫδ䣬İȴ̲סˡ
һЪޣİصؽӹС͵ƣ᷿;п˲ӣչҼҹһ㼫ãʱҲǲҩϤҽΣ赡֮ˣ
ѾˣջߵխӰ𲻶λ谵ں󷽸ĬİԽŭ濴İһò䣬ڰٰȴƽչӵĻﶼ𣬵ﲻ졣֮£İƽո֣Һߵˡ
Ǳ𶯣˻ӦܺãҲύ
Ȼܣ˰İԹҼҹֲ㡣
¥֨죬ƽǾģ͸øм㣬౨
һаİĿķڵѵˣ
ȻʣΪ˴ҡ
İһ͵һʱ𲻳
ʲô飬ֻǰ˵λ߶˺ãҪرģ̫ӵ𾣿Ϊ䣬նŮ֮ͣε౨ֻȥˡ
İ˲ʱһű˭˵ӶǱͼҪرƾʲôͼġ
ĺܵÿֶðİ˵ĲҲкοͼ
İΣڵôҲǸŮģǡûŮˣʵ˵ԴڰĽһĻǿŵ㣬ôʶô
ߵ᷿Ҳˣһİϵ͵˲ѵУҵֻǸ͵ն㣬ֹҲΪԼܲ⣬ֻѸţԸȥͿ˵ĵء
İƿԣֱǰϲѹںڰе˰죬ȴ벻ΨдͷɥĻطŹӣ뽫ǷĻϱЩ̣ȥʲôҲû˵
س⣬һ龻ýһ˳˵ˣˡ
İɵסˣɻ
س糣ȻÿֶֻŹӾ¥·
İˣû˵ʲô
سҡҡͷʣס
İĪʲôף
ңһ۶᷿سЩڴ۹Ҫʲôס



Ы̫֮ƽһ󣬲赭ºСʳ亱֮ȻͬͣҲƾܣ벢֮
ŸݽɽԽԽ࣬ССεضɽͷҰƴơһӿĽˮȺ٣ˮҡƵɽɫȻȥۡ
ϼǷԣΪĿķ羰߷·סˣԾĴһֱ̣ԷŲתͷһسˮ
سѲΣüĿһһᣬİʶˮԡ
Ұƽĺ飬һȫ
һڣĶɴڽһսһɴ
˵ʲôԵɣһƾͷƲȥǱضҪģ԰ǸݳǣƼŸİ˷ʿ˴γаԽ帮ڳУţܵ帮ȫȻڰеĽɱߣ᲻˳ִ
ɴɣõĵطľ岹˼ֱ˻ɻڽɢܣشˣȺӵϣϴߺȣǽȥϵڴβ
˶࣬Щ
һĺӱĸ§ڻֲĵˮسһ䡣ĸһߵǸһߺ͵ǣ˹һԳˮ̡ͷӲİͲðһŨҵѬðİֱȣֻʹİͷŤһߡ
һŷƺ봬ھӣͭɫֱ۰ҡߣ̸Цֻ˫£ʱʱһ͵ϸˣ߶߶ĺԱߵĴ帾˵Ҫȥ԰ճŮĸŨһϣӳˮŽԵӹƽ͡
ģȻߴ¼Сˮʱ𣬿һس
سʮֻҪİϡ
İŲԣŽôˣ
سͫԶĽˮˮ䴬
˰ʮɣṦٺҲԷɶȣһ׼̸ЦĴͣһ̶سİϰ۽ƳҪֱһư䣬ǿȶԷ˻ȥ
⶯ʶ񣬻ƽհİȻ𣬵ʱͷԣֻۣܵԻ߼˴ұߣȡһ룬ϸ롣
˰㣬ϸɵһָ벻ˡ
дˮ죬źӰڳˮɫˮŴԾϣȺѾõسƷһɨδȱȥ
һڴͷϱϸ¶βô׳ָγһ뽭Уֻ཭ˮƮһѪɫۡ
ϵĴ񱻾侪סˣẒ̇Ů˼СͷββһƬң˻̤澪붯Ҳ
벻ͣˮУӶĺӰˮзسϴˮˣİ˾֪ߵ䣬ɴ󼱡һ̧ͷ۽ǰҪɢˣҰӵзԼ
δ䣬סһƣһ³һΪ֧ŵľ˺ƺƽϡİһһԾɣһƮϣƾ֮½˱˰뽭Լ֮ңһףİڿд˸תǳ̲ˮ
˲һǱİŵѰˣһسṦ䣬һ·ˮҲִ˽
İ˼˽ǰӦ˷Ͻ̲ǻ͸ʪһ۽ųһԲ
ʯ̲ϳʮĨӰֱֱӶλ쳣ȷسֱӭȥɱ¶İĵ׽һ࣬һȻڽģɴ
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ܸ洬Ͻ˾ˣһʱҲ˲佫͵÷۵Ĵ壬Ǳס³ֽһ͵ڽ洬ϡΣ˾ȵòˣ̽Ůϸ洬ϴޣ߶ԼļǼֻһ𱻽ˮԶˣһʱδȥĻţ˿ȰϸֻǺſޡ
һ˳ˮƸϹȥסһֻԾİſ򣬵ʱڣϸǰһ§סʱתΪϲ
̲ĺ˵˼䴬ˮҲ׷˰һͽǡЩ²жϰĴɱˣ֫Ѫʯ̲һ·سܽ죬һ֮ԿһȺˣ·磬ƽΣ
İ֧穣ҵĹۻ֮۹էȻһӣͷֺɣ˰
ֻһۣһʯХʯƵ˫̶ֻܣӽǱߣṦּѸݣ⧲֮¾ȥԶһ˾ȴ
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׷ɢˣİسҲʧڣֲҴέäĿѰĺɫֻʣЩ⣬ˮİǼѹڰİͷ
ȻһӰӴһˤ˽űߡ
İЩʧڽгسȥڵϵˣȫʪ֮˷磬ɫףѹֵǡ
Ҳ͸ʪϣżﶼ΢дŭǵͺȣ·
سİסˡ
Ǹձһʯ£Ҳһ˿ȻȻشͷİס˺°£İĿɿڴ
˺ȥ°ڣ䴩ϳʪϵ½ͷӵķ٣ȱֺĳǵڣװϣĺɫмһСǡ
سƵЮһɭȻĺ⣬һݣ뿪έߣš
ɢĳذ±ңΰİϣô
뿪ͣһͣȻһѹһа׵ϸָס򥣬ָأһ˫ͫɷ¶ֱ飺ȥȫɱˣðֵ㣬ʲôΪİϷ



έҰ
سһĳĬİ֪˵ʲôŵ龰̫棬ͷԻҡľٶǿƴֱвȻһŮ֮ڣֱҿ˵ı顣һΣһ˴ԲѵĺݻӦڶ׼ɱ֣ϰȫͷ
᫵Ľ̲ҹɫ˵Ӱ紵ʪܵϣ⣬ǺȻʣӮ
ջسԼжϣЩѵأײֲηһδپΧڹա
İסͷһ«έûһӰҲȥѪȵĲɱԼдпҵ߳ȡ
Ȼ˻ѡĿȿʲôֶΣʵΣ£Щһ
سӦȥȻέʵ̫󣬼ʹĿһʱҲԷֱδ
ŭȭżЮһХ׹ص
ܿ죬ͽǷ˺ڰĲέе˻
ԽԽһشĻɫʢޱߵέԣޱȡέâȼһ㲻ʰŽԽȼԽңŴƬέӣӳء
ӳһӰһǽкˣͽҪɱң˾ùӣ˭ҷ
ڰҹз˻Ŀ꣬ȥȫǵΨһĲͬǶ˼ִδйĻ̼İȫӲҹɫӰӴέз˹ȥҰȻһĻ档
Ǽ˵ӰڰգȻĳεĶѣϾ۱ۣ֫׹أѪˮӰ£Żέâϡ
ĳͨİ޷ȷǲǿ
ʣҲˣһ˲ӰȥΣڶʱ͸ŤӰ·ĳֹŹֵ赸Ȼһͷ­ӻзɳһԵһ
һĽûаϢƬǰɱڣ·һɵոİ亹乶¡İ纮Ѫζ֫ȼյĽϯԽԽʢŨ̺ǻڣ˴̲
һӰӴһ߳
½ǣĻ湴ճΣƬέյñϰž죬ɢ·㼣ӡ
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İȻǰŮ˺İ
һǱȴɢһŵĺ⡣ЮѹɱȻ˱ܣ·һֻǱصҰޣֳ
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İͷԷ裬ֱ֪ǺãΨתͷȥˡ
һ˿Ѫָ̧һӣĿͻ˷ָۣصֻݶЩɶ
ȻûŭЦˣаȥǵѪȵĿȻ𺣸̡
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Ϊһ壬һγԽνȫеӾɳЭͣŷʮְӦӲϾһڽ˲ֺ͡
һ˵Ļ׼дͣ˵Ƕɽʱѣװƥȫ뽭С̴ӽ͸ʪ£һŮ˵ۣΨһ깫ۣʧڳɢȴ֥ˮȾīͨ绪Ǽݲŵ罫ȥˡ
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һ۾üһ˿죬һŪˣԭӣôǱ
Ǽ˴Ҳһ⣬󷽵һҾԭүҲ˸ݣЦˣŴ˵ӢƼһ֣û뵽ɽʱˮװʧջϤΨ帮һš
Ӣǵ໹һλˣԳȻ³廪˹Ŀ
ĳӣǡͷϵˣȥ䣬ͣʧٶ꣬ǰѰ»޶ͼҲҰһƬޡ
λ˵ķǲӦһҵĹŮǵʩһ񣺡үˡ
ڲ࣬Ե࣬ȻѵõЦЦ㳤һ
ϣȻŵڼߣһʿȻѲκ֮ʢȴҲԶ½ĺɱ⡣
Цţ˫ȡͼһҲţһֱ壬һӵȷ꿡ܣ׿Ȼڡ
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Էҳʮ㣬ͬȾѣң˱ͷл˾ŵĵƫݼɡ
ӢһĿף߰գԵصҲм˽⣬˰üһʱΪ帮ҲסˣݣӲţԺ仹շסӦް
һ˼⣬ϸ緢һ䣺ӵλﲻ㣿罫ӿ£һ齼ɣѰֳɵҲ¡
һӣ䲢ޱ¶漴Ҿһ񣺡˼ãлү뿤⡣

ϴױ

趹衢ͭذ׵籽һͰȵˮԼһСԶԷָҩݰɵˮ˵ȱ˳ԡţİ˰ؿڡ
ʮ꣬ûôŮˣҲǺˣ˵һ̻Ҳֱ࣬Ŀ봹üѬڵļգȧǶһ߸һߵ͡һ߻ͬ飬һҲλٱĹŮС
ԡķԸۣռҲ·չﱸš
۾вףСƣλݲδʺϻӣ罫ҵ·
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ϧ̾һΪŮӣòʵңֻ´ʲôۡ
һϮѣߵߵԡ飬ȵӦŶ룬̧ͷһɳɫ£һŰµıӰĳѻ𣬳ĵ֫ϸ޹ǡ
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ƳһۣŮɫɲ죺ôˣ
С㣬Ǹչۻع񣬽Ͱ͵һʱ˵ôһԡͻһˡ
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ǣҪͣ鴫ߵ죬һǰȥӦš
ߵ꣬ͿѯʣˡðչǷ׵Ҽҹ飬һ
帮޴ˣʱ൱֡ԡ󣬻ϳ̹õ£ȥ򱡺лŴǳ
İѷӣ˵չʲô𡣡
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һɫͨʾ̫İС˵ˣչ˵ƣ룬Ъˡ
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˷ɵİİ̽뻳ȡһöƿҶʧˣΩһƿЯ
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һֱ̧ۣܸоԷĿⳤõͣϣʼڡ
ЦЦǰŵǸǰ鲻Խһʱʧˣ֡
һۣȻʢŭʱʮ㣬δƽĺҲŭ⣬һ̵Цƽ죬·ȫδǰǸĺ
˰յҲϲ˽ӽ
ЦЦૣǲϲǲϰߣ
ͻȻ˵ˣѵָݣˣҡ
ߣ赭дƣƵгŸɫ֮ͽòĺͬūò벻עĿѡοҲʢὫݳǼн޳ִ⣬δԸ
񲶵֣ɫһۡ
ܿ͸ĵףÿһ䶼װʧ˵ֲȽḻѰ˵֮£ԽƽϣҲߵˡ
ֻǳĬ֪˵еһһҲ˫Զ΢ЦԽԽ죬ܵ˱ܡ
ҲȰ˻⣬֪ľɱӺζ
˾ƽǣЩ޹ء
Ӱ£΢ЦƴѯҲ棿ۼǷһ͡
侲ĬҪʲôͣ˭뾸ȥ˼Ԩ᷸ҹУ޼ɵ׷ɱʹ֮ͷȻմѰ·
Цüһ꣬ҴԼܲµԺδȻܲԸţ˵Ҳȷм֣һǣˣҵʧ
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Ȼʾͬ飬ǻ˷䣬Ҫߣ㿪ۡ
ݵĹϸĿУþܾ쳣ѡ
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һżĻش𣺡֮·
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վһ˲ɫ䡣䵣صޣ
ҲȨ⣬»ѾʯһҪ˼Ԩһʵˡ
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˫ӯɢаƻһˣ·ڵŭİָ
ʲôҲû˵üƺȾ˾⣬ļһֵַȥΩнµСȻޣһ֬ɫᣬŽ׹Ĵ
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ʢδȻڣ帮ΪæµĵطҪǲڳѲӣһЩҰĺһԲ˴ɣ˳ϴ֡
ӴﲻĽ͵ͬʱܵͣݳǵĵطԱϻ̳Ͽ֣帮ʰĹҲǰݷõص㣬Ǹ벻ϣʱ䶼˳ϣլ㲻ԡ
˶Ǻ⣬ͣﲻ࣬ŮҲǻɻۣʧִ磬֮ϸ񣬴δ¶̬֮Ϊ⣬һȥϤ½˽ⲻ١
λŵڸ߻Ӣδޡľĵü۰ճױطԣǲ··ºۼѮȻѩޣţΩü۴ӯŵĳ˼һ
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һתͷϰʳѻͷ̣ϸ˪̬ȫѰ㣬ʮȤЦ
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ӵĻ
һĺ˾֮ɫҪֱӵö࣬ѿڵչ֮ˣôǻ
Ȼͣüְָһ
ʵں棬Ѳ˰Σĺһ񽭺Ůּɬ֣ԽˣӶ뽫չϵ߳Ϧ飬ڡ
Ĭ۵ǲˣסüӯӯЦ˲ڲһŮݹ⣬ȴѵ˼鳤ǻ
䵱ȻЦʲôδĴŮӰ죬ȷʵҲ⡣Ͼòпܣǰּ֮΢Լ˸дѹչʲףεڣЩˣþζ
ĻĽҲи̾䲻ԣᡣ
˼ЩƮŵǳɫʵ뽭޲ͬʱĽǿڣХء
ĽԴڣֻǶǼٵġ
չҼչƼҰͬǸܲһҲ磬·ʲôһĨ΢ЦЮ곤óȻһ䣬ӴȷڲͬչҲ⣬ǵŵڽλǸƣΨĲɲء
ĻһƬֿȴǷţ༰˵
μ䣬תϵİǶһĨ״Өĵʤѩðˣչһ֣֪ΪҶһʣ˼ຶԼ͹䣬סˡ
λƺ޹֮ʡ
۴˶Ի߻ͨչ룬ͥеȺ򡣡
Ϊʲô黰εŮӴЦݸϯɢ̸չȥɡ
һУ½

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һ˳ݵ˳Żľ̨ͤƻ԰ĵһȻתѰľͻȻѣεħæµδˣɾȤ
عޱĳĬĿھһϡ
Цĺ⣬ӿ֣䰮ʳʹЩرȻϲһɰ֦篰Բǲ͵һ޶
˵һƷΪ亱١ɢǳΣָưɣź챦ʯһĿĻ俴һ˲ûнӣһݣѾˡ
һɲ漴ЦˣȻǱвͬ
õζʯʵ˾ƣʱЩȣԸɢ̸䡣
һʱжߣЦʱˣǲĮЩʱദãһֳΪԼǳˣڣճƾ֮伫ʢ
û˵Կ۸ѣƼˮ·ˣνĺ档
֪飬΢΢һЦ䲻Щ֣ò˫ȴδޡ
˫ʹͫһ£ǲɫĽȥ˵Ե֮£ǼѶųƻƾ̾࣬ǰ򶯲˼ˡ
븮֮һ棬ǵǸ㹸ϵˣ뵽ŵܾ࣬Щ
ÿɽģֿһʵΪ˶꣬ϧ֮λ˾֪ɢ̸Ȥת˵٩ϷʣĽôһˣ鲻ƣԶ׷Ľң
ֵĿһۣͻȻ˷硣
ݸһתɪޱһֱܵ㣬ŴҴ
ᵽλͷʹĽˣ˻Ӧɺã
ǺµĹͣ㣬вá֪뵽ʲôüЦЦ䵱նεϣһתͷԺ󣬹һѱͬ·ˣ
һ
ϣǵԣΪƣת˲šɪޱ˼Ԩյͬȫľ֮⣬ˣ
óдڵᳰԡ
һۿյĵ޺ۣǵҶˣ帮磬ͬİѾεΣԺ͹
׽Ʊ޳ƾԶΪԻԵ˼Ԩ㡣ȥĬĬһᣬʳϵס
ۼ֣չˣ帮˵˶ָչڰϡ
һУһһһԲӳУ̵֦Ҷˮ
۾ȵһҲǶ󣿡
˿ȡе׵һöīⰻȻСԾȻϡ
ˮ̣ɽͷ֦졣һƼʶ鷿߱īסҡͷӽ˵ȴǽӲ˺֣Ҳ
һԲֽˡ
۵̧ͷһ䡣
޳ǣǧ͡
Խڼ帮ܣٰһֵʢ硣
˸˸Ծ̳һԺһԺӣˮһкϣƼֵУЦﲻյްǰĻ飬ǧƱյȭˣ֣ȵòֺ
Ժһá
ʮϯԵض裬ÿһӦһλԺյĹִͣһе¸صϣ𳤣帮֮Կ
ĳ浱Ȼϯλ󣬿̸Ц֮Ӯ˽ޣ֪پ޵Ŀϡ
ǵĿʲôҲģݵİһ۵ŮɴȥӣԽխĺ¶㼡Ŵװ˾ռߣע⡣
µĺŮɫƱѣѩ׵ĶŻ䣬Ż֦裬һԻϣʮƯļϯȰƣ˵ĽЦЧĵܿɢΪнգö⡣
ûп裬ĿⰲڵϣżȻӹһĨ޴ӾǳЦǰƵĺʧüֲҲӣתȥһϯ
룬Ȼһƺзÿ͵
һᣬ帮ĳӢһͥУȺξ嵶ɷԾ꣬һɰӢ
һòӢʣһһһɻѵƣ帮Ҿһ񣺡߶ˣ˼λ𳤡
帮֮ʮ־ȣʶһǣ񣺡Ӹյݣӭ֮Ҳڡ
֣Ǹȫסˣ˳ָķ
Ǵ΢Цӿżܿľâԭ㻳Ҳˣڶᣬϲ֮

ϻ

ˬֱ֮Ҳǹ㽻ѣлȻ޴ʱȻ˿̵ɫ·ڿǰѣ֮С
һʧٶӣһǰѡ̵ӣ˴δı棬ͻȻΪֵܣȷҲ֮޷㵡
Ҳ֡ھЧһֱפڱأǰأδأԼе֪λ˵еĳȥͻȻ»һ¡
Ҳ֪־ļ£λӲİԲһ³ӻδֳѾףһ𡣡
ǿЦӦˣһϯһΪֳʵȴһ֪İˣֱձ 硪ʱĸݣ
֮һɰȻ̬֮ǰ֣㻳ˡ
˺סִ٣ʧٶ꣬Ȭǿϲɺء
ݸȷңһλҽ
ʾ֭һ⣬δϲ»ȡɽͼ湦
ǫҶѣȫһȺʿ֮
˶ҵ񣬡ȡյ壺ڴһᣬȾһ
˱ҲһҶ꣬˵һܵܣҲΪϲ
ŷֹз£ĹУһʱЩԲλ࣬˾ȣ˵ױϻ۹ˡ
ͣͣü
ˣȻ£ȥ»ڼһֱǣŴἰ
΢΢ЦһЦƺһЩ֪á
һĸãͬѪʱֻа꣬յļƺҲʣôһǣҡ
ҵһȫĻ⣬ЩζʮãȻղѪϵǰֳɣ۰Ӧõģô𵽸ݣ
˵ƵᣬòȤʲôʣ֮ǰ˵һЩȤ£Թһ۽磬û뵽㻳ԽҲȤ
Ҹսӵؽĵ·ݣһѿ֡ǷǷв㣬ʲô辡˵
Ƕŵףݴⳡʢν֮㻳һ֣˵㹭죬мϵġ
°ʽлһ컹Уֻж˵ķݡ΢µ̹Уȫ˳ոȤǲһ͡
ǲɫ鱭һЦѵùʢкβɡ
ɢȥֳ룬ڳѰ޴ؽ𻻵üλڳ䷿Ъʱǰҹ˼һ𣬡Ҳޣ˵ߣ
㻳ֳǺݣ÷ˡ壬ǵķˣס̾
˫ԲţΪ󣬸Ϊ׽һݺΣδ̫һЩź
˼ɢң૴ֳԱ⣬⣬Ȼϡ
ʲôϣ벻Ůɫ˫ⲻм»޵ĴſǿǣƾòͲƾ֮գؽ˼ˣŵĳ¡
ҲҹնĴЩ棬ʹˣҲй֮ˡ
˫䣬Ͳ̫Ƶ֮ˣƫһͬӾֵܣҵˣҪһ䲻͵ʹϮ˾ĶԵ𾸰
һͬѪȷǡΪФ䣬˳λ
һ顣
Զ˺λʧֳһʰӰӣӲ̽ѰʣиἰĸȻѡӣȴǸ߹䣬׽ߵѵʦʱĶΡ
٣Ȱ赭Ȼһȣ֮ӹȥԽǹաһ̵ϰʦ֮ļ磬ɫЩ΢ϲҲиӵĻɬ֪ǸʱǷʧٵӡ
ѡ쳤վãԽԽҲԽԽλϵĸסǰһֳڹǰ˳һãʮ격˵ĽڳޡΪżȻ÷˶趨·ǰУͻȻһǸӰӻˣʧٵ棬ֵĸΡ
жǰ±ƭЯ˽ɽͼؽˤ̱޷ߣԶȵ¾ѰʧֳԶ֡
ʱھЧΨһĽȫȰοȴվķӣ֮ȡɽͼһϴвۡ
ҫʧĴӺն֣ÿһ֪Ϣˣ˸ǣ¶ϧĵ˵ĸӣ֪Էܲȴ¼֪Դ
Ǿʧ٣Ϊʲô겻Ѷֱȥ
һͻżȻǿ⣿
Ϊζ

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ҹޱߣ䣬ռŵǳ̲Уϸϸ紺ʳɣһͤգӨӨΪڵؼΨһĹ
˼Ԩͤƾָʰһöɵ娛
һҹӰȻ֣סӣ¶һĨĶѩžӨƻṲ̊
˼ԨĿһǾǾޣڹ߾δݣ
ĬԶԣδժ¸ıν
˼Ԩüۼãɫһ΢Ķ⣺ҶýȻǰ¶ݡ
ͣʲô
˼Ԩһ˲̸ָ̬ǻ˵ոЩѰһҲ޸֮ԡ
ͤһƬ޾ĺڰ·ա
Ȼ˸֦ؼˡͣһ᲻ǻ¶ȣζԽ̣Գλڵȴ򵥣һңڶĽһ䣬ɫߡ
̧ޣֺ־͸ʱĺ䣬뿪ãЮҡ
˼Ԩһ˲ʱתΪ˷ܣǶȤȻԤƣ㡣㣿ᣬȱһܣ̸
Ĭһᣬеɬ޷Ҫõļۣȥ»ǰŵʲô
˼Ԩ֪ȻʣΪһʸı⣬ת˻⣺βϢˡ
רעڶģ
ֻص˼ԨУ˹еľŲæתָ娛
ס񣬡Ҫʲô
˼Ԩãӻȡһľƹȥ쿪ȡһ˫͸ⱦ˾ഫΪСߵ֮࣬ʱӰ͸Ϊݳɣ԰˶ŷУͼͲ֮ںУҪʵ
գԽڼƼǰݣĬȻãڸ
˼Ԩָʵ𣬱һ䣬ĻһεĻΣֲǵһζɷҲҲȡ
ϢĻص帮Ужȥͽʪ¡
˼Ԩ˶⣬һʱԣΪ˼ŭǣһӷܿأΪм˵˼ԨҲӵ۵ĳ룬Ӯȡ½뽻׵Ļᡣƾڲһ·ε̽ȫΪ׵˼ԨֱӵĲݡ
УΨһİ취ԣ˼ԨҪ̵ϢҲҪı֣ܽթ޳壬ӱϾǺã㣬ҡ˺β׵ϢѾѡ
ҹ©һţ䷢˺һֱǰ
ʱ֮󣬶ϵ˷һ£·ʲôجΣӳʵĹӰ͸ɴᣣڵ龰ӳۡ
һںϵ̵ӰڵУ磬˫ϥϣʳָ鴥죬˫Ŀ߷ֱ죬һֶصС
ȻָʶģֱԷһ׵ĺӣѹͷڼҵһƬʪ̧һã֪档
ֱ磬Щ㱣ǲԾ䷢̲סһջĿ⣬΢
۲Ϊ쳣ɵԲ̽Ŷŷ˲ƲǳСҲ˼أʱʱǣǡ
Ȱο˼䣬㻳ȥΨƣΪȴõľ¥һϯ棬ԺС
ĬĽʳһԲ٣Ҳ⣬ҧһǴСţͻȻһ£ָ̧ס
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տڲԣһ˫ü
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ͻʹͫˮ⣬ƽոΪˣĻƬ̲
ǵĿϣЦ⣺Ȼˣʳ˼Ժ㿪ŷӡ
۸а꣬İ谮ҲΪ⣬ЦҲֹүᣬеһУʢҲѣ뾹չʹ
Խһ¡
ǵָ׵ϸϣɫһ
Ķ𣺡Ҳ֪ʲôˣҲûͷûԵġ
ۡضϡʢ
ۺεȹԾʱ濤ʢ̣ٲڡ
ǵڼתһתҲȥ˻⣺ŷΣ
ĸĲ飬ʱͷ׹̾һĸ㲵úܣ˵̺ѾȽ飬а֣ʳɣ԰ĸߣԽԽˡ
ǿοҲԶƣŵùԸԾ
һҽ䲻˽ֶΣòлдģĸлһҪȥһˣϾ
֪ʶȤĽȥ£Ե뿤ͬС
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ŷ˼ңƽţ±ǽ壬ñΪ񡣼곤λһȺϱҡȻһȫްãݻӳſµɫ淢Եҡ
ŷϢ٣ݵĿݣ˿µ۸
ת䣬ŷ˳ϱڷоǻŷ˱飬Ⱦ˺֢ȴǺ֢ҽʢ֮˵ŷʢڱҽ֢ұԽԽΣգҼָⷢ࣬ɢס
һĿ¶ָգԭǱӹҽĸ¿ɻоȣ
ֽ̿ߣҩһӶͣȡƬѨΪʩ룬ҩ
λ̫ῡȫƽװҽߣϱźȻŽɣײҵշ
Ѩ֮ŷ˷ҩú罬ֹʳͷһΣŸ޲ϲźϲлͻȻһѾҴҶ
źüһš׾㵶ŭҲôö˶˵Ĳˣһҡ
Ѿһ򵹣ߵӹѰˣȷѰţϢŭ
̷˱׸۷ֺ֦֮ڣźؿƣݺݽסе˿ȥңʵҲžͱ٣ö˶˵ļȻҪһˣ
һƬҺ壬ѾһͷסѰʣô£
ǽõ׾죬źҲܻ䣬ǿЦŽͣμ޷ÿЦˣнޣǰѵʱ˵Ҵ˫͸⾵ѹޣҲ༸档⼸ڷʰ˵ˣǷĸūԵҶϳͲġ
ĩβźϵŵѾߣūԿףȴʵڲ֪Ǻʱʧ
һԵһͻȻĳԤС
źϺʲôҲ÷һҲٲˡ
Ѿƴߵף˫ֲΡΡһˣδģ顣
һöī˿ƽѾʪģ쳣Ŀ
ڲİİ˲ԲۣЩѿڶӲסʶȥ
бĳĺǱ򣬵Ŀշ·ʲôϡ
İľǸǵùӶˡ

˫

ⰵĮĮĽżȻһֻˮɹת˲ʧıС
˼ԨѾͤеӰ
ǸӰڽͤڣ½󱻽·ȴáҵֻͤƵС޵ëԶԶȥһһبŽ
һоƿ֮У˼Ԩ־ãŲͻȻָʷ飬ɡл䣬ڷд˸ڵء
˼ԨһҪȥʰȴҲ·˱˵ģʹϰһСʯͷǱĵŢĵ棬ϣ˵Ĺ죬ĪĿ־ͷӣͤ˵ע⣬ǺƱסƴȫҲܷĴϢ
н̤ˮݽССˮ˼ԨȻһһӲĿԼ񲼴ҷ˫ڵϻ·Ƥѥࡣ
ԷòоԷֱ۳ȣʧˣ˼ԨԼϽһĽһգ˼Ԩ䣬ײؿһϡ
뽭Զݶľź񳾣ʧ޵ݶм϶͸˰⣬ԼɼͿľͲʻ棬ƺһĽ
һİȻ绪׵Ұг֣ŵЦӸµĸӣֱ
˼Ԩһϳλ湫ӣ֮˼ת»һ׬󣬵˲ϵıҲй飬ϲὫǰ͸ϵλӶŭʱ֡·Ӧ֤ƶϣԼ֮ѻָ糣ס񣺡Ӻʱ˸ݣ֪ڴˣҸǰȥ
˼ԨֲֻᱻϹǱҲˣһɱķǣαضҲΪԽ
˴һЩ˽¡˼ԨɨԷڷԼԳ
ƮƮʣһԼðˡ
˼Ԩ򶨣˵Цˡ
ѰȤ˵ЦҲ޷˹һüʹȥ˫δЩˡ
˼Ԩһ²ͨ˼֣֪Ժ⡣
Ҳԣˮ̣ɽͷ֦죬һ
˼Ԩ⣬ʲôˡ
һʫţȴ⡣ŵĵƷʫģ֦أʵںһ䣬ű߶Ƽң˰˭ޣˣǱ˶ʳޣɣΪȻ񡣡
˼Ԩ˵͸Ψв
ݸӯʣ֣֮һԴԴϵҡǮҲ֮顣
˼ԨôЩɬһЦԭ벻һĸ
ŶԷüɬɫȤֽʶ꣬һˡ
˼Ԩÿйһ飬źĵǲ˽⡣
ҿʵˡ˼ԨĽ⣬ĵ飬һǷı£ƫƫѣ˰ٰöýѣɱ
˼ԨɳӰǿЦһ£˻ЩԹʵˣϸ棬̸áοı£˭ǿ
¶İ⣬һͷҲ̣˺ַǯŪڹ֮У
ˣҡ˼Ԩ磬ˣʺ·ʲôסˣſҲûаֿСת˲ɫϣͷʹ˫ֲĿס䣬˹ڵأƵĿ˻л졣
ǵЦȻȴһɭĹ⣬ھңԶĸ
˼Ԩ˫۽ģץѪΪԼϢһɲȻ˿ӿ롣ڴڵĴϢ亹乶£̴ĸźᣬȻһˣɫȻұ䡣ⲻܣ̽ԷȷΪӣ漰ʧ٣ȻǣȨδ飬ʧʮڵһ֪ôǡ
ǰһţ·Ƭ֮ǰ¸ڣһֺڶ࣬⣬ǽϴӴ˰ӣһ׮¡
Ļڶִ˼ԨԽԽűɢԺ׹ߣά򶨣ӾͲ
ɫȫĵ˵䣺һʱ̺ϳֵģȻа𡣡
ĻƵᣬ˼ԨóǺһʱЩ
·ʲôϢĴڣ˼ԨޱߺȻʮ˿ԶϣƮȻڷ׹䡣
˼ԨɫڣҺ
ּؿҲ޷֪һʲôȱ۾׹ǺҲˡ ΢΢һЦɱĻﱻ˵Ķţں͡
˼Ԩ㤼֣亹ʪ½֪һߣֻƾΨаһ᣺˲ҡ
ᵭһü

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ȶԷ˼Ԩ˵ȥȫΪѰҩ
ȻԷ֪Գõģ˵
һڴһԣ˼ԨΨֲ꾡ЩҩʱѰңΪζֱΪӲΣߵȪûơ١캽ڣβסҶ
ڼ֮أߵȪΪǧٳûƳԼɽЩҩ;죬ΨһĹͬ쳣亱ѰɣҪЩʲô
ЩҩǰִţҲʹ˸ЩҩΪ֡˼Ԩаǣʱش𣬡Ϊ봿Σû뵽½½˴룬ζ
ֻ֣ţǺĳʣЩҩȻЧȴ޷񻰣ǿ׷ˣɾЦ
˼ԨΪǻ׷ϸڣ˭֪ԷᣬΨеԸ˵ֻҴЩҩϢҲʡ
ǵһɹΪ˵õϢȻҪ챦
ȡѡ˼Ԩ亹£СĽͣһϢֻһԵԼҪǮҽǳһӶ𡣡
ǽ˽ͣѯһ⣬Ǯںδ
ӣҶԴһ֪˼Ԩ۲ԷɫЦӲţ䱸ǿԹԣⲻ˵䣬ʵ޴˽⡣
ϸǵҲĻԶ⻰ˣֵĻ󣬺껹̽첻ߣڽϴ񡣡
Ļſµѹ˼ԨԨĸδǣӣȷʵǮͻԶݣǲ׷Ҳһãʱˣ˽Ҳмֲ²⣬´ʦЩɡ
ǲ־΢΢һȻħδ
λ֪ıԤи֮࣬䡪˼Ԩ治ͷʲôζɬӼȻʦ诣ضԵľҲš
忡üۣǵɫΪ䣺˵ѷˣõŷ˼ȥҩ財ҽҩֱ޴͸
öԷ˼ԨȻһ˿صĿ⣬סü˳ۣ׹ƧٽˣΨһľ诣⣬Ļʲô߾˹
ǵ˼Ԩһۣ读ţ߿ɱ˵ķħμ겻Ϊ֪
ȥ˷ȡ˼Ԩ˵˳ƶϣҲ˵һһҩһǧҽȻڹͣķؽÿҪǧƽ𣬱йء
ǳĬһ̣תʶ
˼Ԩ֪ΨͷڶԷǰԳֵش꾡ʮǰһͬ磬;˴иŮ빺еķûơҩЧ˭ϳãοݵ΢ĺ󣬸δûȻӲ˽
ǹȻζΣ
˼ԨʱδǣȻ£λͬΪڣָҪΪƭ糡
ޣγĺŮɬ˵ĳȳоǿһ԰׺Ǻεȷ飬ǺȻһ˲ķ
˼ԨҾȤ̽ºȷȻֱλ̰ͬͼּɫ⣬͸ѪȻ֣ͼ˲á
ĳС֣֮ڽвʼǵ
˼Ԩͷ˫޷˵ѣΨ̹ףɱģҽǽȥˡ
˲͸˹𵭵ĳϼѣΨǷȱ飬࣬ԴŪߵԵ֮
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ЦЦĵ˵ͷֶֺΣɹһܣԴԴĽǮ
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סǸ룬ϢԽҡ½֪ʲôʱɢˣʪ⻮ľҵĸоһ·¡
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ʯ̨ǰĿյسһĿм俪ԵĻۻƣ뽣̨ƽ롣帮ľ߽ģҰõĵطʮʣԽϸʵ齼㣬ԺյĹͼŮʹãǲڸѲأçײ롣
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έſĵֵͬʱҲˣ̧ժ飬׵ӱĮ̇ͫϿԵӰ
󳤸̨鲻ɣΪࡣ
·֮ϣ˼žΨ紵ĺš



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뽣죬ɱ𵴣·Ҳŭ⡣
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âңַ֯ĽܲһȻʢĽƵέˣͻһģžֱέ˫ü֮䣬ۿУȻɫصɨȴѸ磬汻лһ죬ԶԶ˿ȥ
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ӴȻһҲûϢȻ



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Զֹȣת˵мһֱ֣ǰȡҷһ˿ڣӦһλĽΪֻֿ֪֮кΪ
󳤸һ֣˭ѵ
ǹ𾪣û˵ȥĿ͸죬Ŀǡ



λһĹȣ߸ߵӯӯŹϵұڣһöڻҶҡźڻҵβʯ죬ȿڵʯڼһͭư塣ΨưϻڹǷԸڻƽķʩȣȫϲŭͼȥĸ֣ȴһ˹ȿڵأ۰׹ҰҶżŵʾҽߵ顣
ǽİڹ⣬ֻУоƲĿѣԣʧȫȻΪþƱܹأ˰ʱ߳󣬴̤һƬӣǰֳһɾɽȡ
Өˮٴ䣬ƥ׹ɺΪǳϪɽȷΪ飬ϪӿŰ㣬ɽҰĻݱϼ̽ʽŽʵľɢڻҰУݪ飬ҲжΧۣ̬ɢʡ
һֻ÷¹ӭǵĶǣ¹ȥһ߳¹ã¹ϣԾϪɽأһ·ʱ˻ף֮ϲĽг
Ǵʦ֣
ʦֻˣ
ʦ֣ɺã
¹һŰ֦׳һݣһ壬ζˡ濪Ұáһʵ˲ԣͨ죬һ߻ž̳Ҳͷߣأ˯
ҲһյϸƷ
һ˶һ£յûţ۾һһ˲ɫοһΪӡ
ֻˣĴˮò
ǵлȻ֮ɫƣӣˣ㻹δͷ
ǴԷ۽ǵϸƣͬûûͻٷЩƷ裬ѿý
²˳ģΣʮһƥǣһ䲻̧žߡԹķһ䣬ЩڣӲĻ˿˾ͻգ۵ĺܣе徻
յ⣬ȻǲĵĲǣȥ۶кβá
˱һ̾һڣȷʵʲôöҲ֪˶
ĵѸˣ˲ңԲ᷸ˡ
Թ̬Ҳɢᣬ⺢һȻȴҲԽԽǸˣȫްФơ
˺һᣬֳɫ۽ǵϸԽԣȻˣ㻹عʲô
еʡӶԷ粻ƢеӲΣߵȪûơ١캽ڡβסҶһʲô
ϰԵ̳ʧķֿˣһ㵡
ǲͷ֧ãʦ֪ʲôӡ
紩öݰһüһᣬʲôˣ
ǵһ
Ǿʹˣⷽҿġ˵ͷϣ׻ǸѾͷЩ˼
ȻǳڹУ΢ɣʦǵǺˣ
Ȼã龰̫رȻǵúһӣ书֮ƽϧ֮
Σǰѯʣôδ˵
˭СӰ·ȡЩͣҵзһУⱾĵǽұΪزأһҽ˹˽һƿΪҾôҩأǱо˼ա
鷭˷һĿʮеӹ ҩ˷裿
ҽҩƽЩҲٶɫζΨɫʱʳ֮УʱԣŶۻ𽥷Σǽֱ󳹵׵߿ȫѰҶԳȥС
δŵ涾ͨܵã˼ʦԭܳС
ҲҲֻǸռ춾ĿҩɮˣҩҲճ˰׵ءһưȻĵɫ涾˵ΣҽҲûղ˷ӣշʩΪоųɰտ
ǾĬһھƣʦȣῪŷӣ
˵һۣԹŭ㵱ûϢˣ񡪡ѳѰңһȪˮãľζأͣһߵüûӣ˼λˣ˭֪һ˸ѾͷһصķӹΡ
ǵʦɲԡ
˼ΪͨĹݣһ˾ǮȻᣬѾͷߣʵڷ˾һ˵̳¶ס
¶ţ⼫䣣Ѱ˰̳صȻҪ֪Ѷˣ͸˻䵽ͷŵǺģúãҲЩر𣬴Ȼ׷ȴۣһջϰݣһˡ
һȥˣ
ҡҡͷҲ֪һº˶٣۾ȥˡҲúһѾͷڣȻѾƺˣֻ˲ˡ
յҪ֪ģָȥ˵Ļʵ˷ҲãЩҩܼ룬ҲͨˣѾͷֲϷ书Ҳաָһƿة裬ܽӵ书ѹϰ꣬ʱһȻ£ȳΪʸ֮ģ˭ҲȲˡ
Ĭ˰ΣĲɵĵһζ
ʲôζ˵˰죬˵תϣݽһ̳Ŀ˷ࡣ
ŷӣѾ켯ˣҲšǰĿİľԼĵģѱ棬ǡ͸ˡ



ԡðȵİһԵ̴ľŸɫϴϻɾ£˫Ь
Ųϰ/㣬ڳؽǣϻųݺۣԳһֹǱʮֺ
üĿЦȻʣ·ƬǰĿһˣ𣿷ļˣԺҩ
ļһ˲ζδܷӦ
ľִ٣ϳ/˱Ħ˵ιǣȻѾϣϻҪһʱգ겻Ҫʹ
ûлش𣬶ȴͻȻˡ
Ҩ˼ưˮݲݳܹ޳ıסϸ뻳Сܲϰֱ߱һֻܾȵèã֪롣
ƺĽӲȤϴһ
̶һ£Ц˺һŻ£˹ĽĺڷεࡣĸˣΪӴʧˡ
ĻƽԼһ˿⣬һᣬҶһˣ˽»һ¡۰׵մˮɫС뱻ްڣһ棬Ҳеǿ˵ỹ·
ô˼ҪȻһ·⹴ﵱŵǵĳָḧļ磬΢΢һЦʱǱˮδ̫Щ
ڵŲһ£رߣķÿ̫٣׻·ҲЩ֣ˣΨء
һ⣬ȷˣ
˵ͷҪشͻȻ˸һֻ˵ֻ࣬ö
ļмѣʲŵַͷЦһüһŵ⣬֪δԣܣκ֪꣬Ҫβ
ͻ٬ְԵϷʣĴ˰Σ½ˡ㿴ʲô
ϵЦݺõٿȻʧ
Ѿʼڣݵһɲ·ͷǴǿĶȡһУ֪ԼƿΣеȫӦϡ
һʹĻ˿ɬסͷ뿪ˣ̧šȥϵˮ΢Ҫʲô޷һȡ㡣
šҲֵ
ͻȻһӡ˺ҧζֺܿס̤ˮϵ£ŷԸһ䣬תأһֻӷġ
£ԳʾֻһöڵҶƬںУҶϸ޺Ѫ
ͻȻͣһģЩţʶ봥ֹסҶо綾ɴнһö
˺þò̧ͷһָסǵκҪġ
ǾϲȣˣǺȻס򥣬㻹Ҫʲô
öɫҶƬϣֻҪ
ǳʣֻҪأ
Ŀʼţò׼شŶԣϸβڰܹҪ𡣡
ͣһ˲ЦˣЦĪ
ǲţҶǸҵģʲôҲҪ
ڳأġ
·һ㿴
ôˣɫǺ⣬ǳЦеģҶȻϡԲǾ֮͡
еɬе㲻ڣͷ۽ǵ롣
Ħãϻӣ΢˫޷·˫
һֻڰ£ͷ𣬳յеˮǽϵĶֻӿǿĳķߡ
ǲϵĲһֻ͸ϸΣзСǧ֣һҡΣƿӿ޾ƣɽεȻӳ
İԱߺĿʲô
˵еķȻɡǿƬ̣һСĿ
һ¹黹
ЦһϵУŽȥеĸդѾƾСա
İùյ˳̲סسһһֱѹӵ˹塣
سϰΪҿͦˡ
ҲЩôġİͬȻܾﲻףͷۣ˵Ľ趫ˣҪ˲³ԭֻҪЦ°͡
ֲںԽԽسһɫҪѩˣԼʱҪˣѹǼɫ멷ϱš
İӦһ߶ȥ׼
ЩͻأλүΪ֮㹣Ҳϲ֮ˣһֵܶͬ꣬ǻң̺ʼ飬һִ˽Ӿ˹һʱԵɡ
ѩ࣬²⣬̹ǡ
ͣ£ʵձ̺һ·븮УȥŢʪĵ棬ܹӭɡȥ˿ӭ˽ȥ
ںԷ÷ɽƺڿƺ¡
·һƬߵʹ÷֣˻裬ȥ磬ǻձǷˣϧ칫ʢŵĽﱻĻһҶң԰ȡ
һ̴֣Ƚ棬ʮɫµļڵյⱦϬ磬һӦþݻ
һ£ӽɺã̲˻ͷ
ǿ׶Ӧͺүˣ°á
ʹ˽оۣ鵭Įﲻ࣬˼䣬ºã̴յϣҴӸݴأ˵ƷǺˣӲһƷ
ǾյһǳһڵүţȷǶɫ
˵ݡһ£ѱϲŭôһ£һߣ
ƽӦԣүҲΪȡɽͼ˼λʿ֮֮һº۹ͣʥܣұһʱա
һ黤˷ŵ񣬹ǹڿ͡üӹһ˿ɭȻԽ̨Ϊۣ
һЦЩϷŪˣƽʧݡ
䵭һɹҲ෽һЩˣʱʣŷЩ˷ŵµߵмύк档
Ҳү˵ǣԣȷҽȻͬ
Ƴһۣһֵô򣬡ʺǺ£Ȼ븮꣬էһ˵ɫ֮ƽָժʵǼס
ǲɫү֮ҸΣ
ĬƬ̣ͬΪ빫ཻʵ̼ʧǴˣ֪з׸ԡ
Ǵĺܿү⣬Եᡣ
̧һ֦÷ֻ¶㣬մˮΪ˵ڿǹӵ£ĵŮ귽ʮߣδ䣬֪ӿ
һеε󣬼Ů
ҵڹϼһΣλǧã꣬ɿ䡣Ҳмֽ飬ŮΪһֱ氮ŮһλŵƷѵĸ
΢Ц𣬽Ǿ
֦ͷΩӣΪΣŰ⣬ֵ̧ݹ÷֦һ˫ء
飬Ƕ֮ˣһȰͻϧ׳֮ŮΪƶҪΪԿ֮λźȴǡ
˼ãе˼Ԩһ̽˭ˣɿܶйڡ
İӦ£Ȼһֻĳˣϵ˼ڰϲͷŪᡣ
һβһöУϸ˿һ仨ĻȻɫټǳֽ̣һ/ɫԵȴһѩ⣬Ŀη쳣ء
İҲٺöȻݣ⣿ִ͵
ʮһ걻ʧҪħˡ֮࣬İ̲ס°̾һöҶ˷裬ӶЩ߹治֪ʲô
ȴЦˣڱǶһ£ɫãʲݾһ㣬˻㡣

ҹ˼

ƫխĽﾡͷһϾɿջ
¥ĳͷֺ򵥡ϰһ࣬һСˣһͷһˣŰͷһ̼㷢㶣ŵļֽһ鶯֡
Ƽ£뻳䡣
ֽīÿһǳЦֿ˼飬Ķˣ·һεӰӴÿһ缡
պҹš
ǵԷͻȻƶӳһ߹⣬ͬʱһĨĵӰӣ籡Ϣӯڡ
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һ˲ջ֣һںȻһǳЦ߷ֳѵȻˣΪҪߡ
һ
һֻ޳˴ᣣֳһڷɢüĿû˼ֻá
йܣȻӿհһ˲عȫͰ͵ѩˣϺء
û˵һƽ˽ȥڰůϢһҵ磬˲ɢʶ
Ͼ̤˪ѩҹļĺ䣬Ҳ졣
ţֲס/󼸺ʣڼҵĻоθһһαһҹ˼飬һζŮ֮µһƽϢɫ͸
ƣһָͷҲ붯ķ۴ӹǷ͸
˯˯ɡĳǵƽոͣȥݣһ󲻻ط
ô֪̲סʣơ
ȻһЦЦ㣬Ҳа취
ЦЩǺȻṴ۽ʺС룬Ҫң԰𣿡
΢΢һƮһ£Ĭˡ
ǽڻȵ֫ǵȻϲΪǲԸң
һ磬֪ش
̫һһЦһһ޲һջ󣬿˱캶ҡǰֱ˿̲ף/طܾıѹƣȴסֶռСȻ˼˵ֻе̫ҫָۣߣմǵˡ
ǵЦһΣ
ûпڣݵĴһ忡üۣܿջء
˼֮ΣܸȻҲա׽ԽԽѲ⣬ǰЦһתͷɢȥ޺ۡʵ̶׵࣬Ȼͬһ磬ȴǽȻͬ
ͫ/ºãȴѾз
ʲôһ£ᣬָϸǣ˵ʲô˵
ϰܣڵıۣ糺콥ӶӨ׵ļգȻĶȻǸ侲֣صܣ͸һ
һǻ˵ģװʦţȻôףԼͽܶϵáŻ޳ָĽһ·ڼİݴͣסָһǶһ顣ЩҪǲǣ
Щͫж˾ºʹµ࣬ӲơľУֱͨҪЮĵһӦߣɳ/屻ڻУûһӵĿռ䡣
Цϸİ£Ҳ˵ȥ֪ôֻһˣ׾ʲô
򵥵һ仰ȴ˻㱡
ûʹ⣬ɤͻȻסˣǰڼѩɽѰҩ޾ıѩӵһֻȡůֺصůѹؿڣɬּį
춼һƬ¶ĳҹûԸ⿿һĮų⣬ΨһŲõǳߣΪΨһĹʹңԶֻҪڣͲһƬߡ
δһ죬ǿǻͻȻ䡣
Ҳߴ٣˺һڿڣ͵ü壬ʮǰʦ⣬춼壬оҪŻ͵͵ɽһҵʦߡ
һ£һ߿ɬҵһɽʲôҲһֱƭߣڶͥѰʦѾλϽ֡
һ·ǱѲ䣬ֻǵ˺˳գͥĻŨܲڵͬҹˮߵľˣ·׺ӿʦӺܿ£ǺԽƣλˣʦҲԵ̰䣬˾˶ͥ
һ˲ɫľûϤˣ彩ӲȥǷ̫󣬼ʱһϷʦأлֻѾ
Щ˵ȥָһƬһֵҩʦȶĴȥҴĶȥûһʦǻҵԭֱһ˵ҽ쿪ۣ˹ҽŵ֪ʦ˶
ǺȻһĸо統δߣʦҲδĶ׺ȣһֵΡҩ
ûаԥֻҪκһϣҾ
ǲɫΪʲôȥ书ѰҩǳϦ֮޷Լ
ѧʦĬ˺ܾã½΢΢ʦܺãԵߣɽҲŷ˶ʶޣΪ̫ҫۡҲ֪Ǻãֻ֪һǳ׽ˡ
ǻŪ̴ĳ䲻ȥ̽鵽ǺΪ
ס£ɬʦŴα£Ҷһ֪ⶾδţ޴Ӳ𡣡
ǵĻϧôصİһʮ꣬ϧѣͣ
֣ۡò૵ɿʦţ;ʲôֵá
һǵЦһ£ֵ겻Ϊ֪˼ԨÿҪǧƽأ
ˡ㼡ƺʲôҲزסһ̣˫ϣֿͣƺʦĽ
õĻƽøЧʱ߱Ѱҩڽ⿪ɻŻʵĵŪģһܣֻҪζա
̧ۿɫڽҲ͵Ϯ㣿
һµ֬ϣӡᴽãֱ/ȼ嶼΢ſЦΪ̫٣һҹԶԶ



ɵſԡͰԵð¶ļ羱ڣͰҩˮһģӨˮۡ
ҩ뼡ĸоܣɫήң˯˯ţ̲סжá
һͰҩǧһ̶ϣЦĵ٩˵飬Ϸȡ֣Ƶһιִܴ̫࣬Ӳʮڱʹ˵ģĴָѸ˰ˣһٴܴ֪е
ʮ²ģֻһ̻尾ҧĽ˼¡
ƺüȤ鶼ˣʱʱιһڹӵġ
·Ͽ飬üԽԽ̲סһζܣֻЫ˵Ҳˡ
ɢķ˿ĿЦһͺá
һԼ䵹֣Ϊʲôд˵Ыɱġ
ЫڸݳҰУʬպű˷֣Ů˳漰书㲻ϸǿΪ꣬˲֪˳ƿ졣ȻԳƳڹƵѪ̣ЩΪͷݣһЩ顣
߲׽Ӱˣ˭̫࣬ӯɫȻ䵣˼ԨǸѽ̵ūδڡ
ֱιһֵ㣬ҲͲ˼Ժ
ǵĿӹϵɫ̹ת˻⣬һҲܺ棬ıεѻ
һ˼ԨҲ֪࣬˵˽½ӹһ׮⣬ѻء
Ͱֱһ¼е顣Ҳ̸͵Ǹĳ͡
Ϊ꣬һνֱʣǲݣ͵ʲô
һ֡ˡ
绪ĿѵõĴ㵣ʲô
Ȼһ´ת˲糣һŮڳĺΪʣ͵
Ȥ˵˵
ʱˣϢ˼Ԩ˵ֲ͸¶ݣҪ˽̸һ£跨ȥһ档ȡָ̹Ĵ˸Ǹˣ֮˫ȴ׵˳ĺС
ҵȻ־ΨŲŮ֣
гĺ󹴽֤ᷪݣһ͵ȥǰ
һ˲òޣǵһн赶ɱˣѹֳĺ֣֮͢㽫͵ȥںδ
ȡϸѻһڸݣҰԼѺȥȥüã׳
˭˼һҡʫʵӹɫĶ̱һԵС֣̬أȷδš
ͰߣڶԴϣ˽ҩĲʣ˵ڴĵһѰ˼гƷΪ˿նǧ۲ϡ޼฿ǵԣȡ֡Һɣӹ˳ĺļ࿴
΢Цٻº˵ѻӰԣ˫ΨԦʹѣֵѿƣν֮ϰһ˲˼
ȷʵףý̫ױ˿Ҳ·ĻеļԵΨһҵ˽ߣؽָ㣬˾ϡ
ӹָṴɣкһƱĻǵ󣬼ѪķҲȻһ㤡
͵˿ܹ֣ᴥзֺˣעͿн񡣡
Դֻ˿ƽ˸ͣȥȫ塣һգȥһ۵Ķ̹
ǺȻЦˣ͵͵Ȼˡ
Եһ˫ͫīĹ⣬ıʯ
ǲδͣһྻ籽ˣٽŽ
һ۽Ĵȥ
ѩû˽꣬˪ŨУůᢣ̸ƻ÷ֲС
ƷöơΧ˫½ƺ֪Զ޾ʣҹĲԵľþȴвջĥ𽥳١
İ¹ѩ˽ӣسӵˣϷ
Ӳȥġسͨʡˣ˶֪ӽӦꡣ
ڻ˭Ը춳صĳȥܡֻһƵȥİѾѰڣһλӻôʲôԵʡ
سԼ˵ӻظ
İҲԼУҪڽ꣬ظ˵ȥҪӦˣֻ鷳ࡣ
еû˱ȹӸسڶ룬ҪˣԺȥһ˳µõ۸̼𼸸ȥϼһ
ʱ۸̲󣬸һܹãİһҲ֪ʶãҪŪô޼ҾһҪɱˣɵõˣϣǼֵıӦ
سһۣһ̿ڶԷžȻһ졣
ůϵĸ˷ò̺ųŵȣֱ߲һ飬ǲӦ
գѬüŨЩģ/㻳ϰζֶĿ⣬Щˡ
Ž׵ָ飬˵̬һİ ȥ룬ȻһˣôƫҪ⡣
ǡ/㻳ֻӦһ֡
ЩѣҲȰһȰ˵ĻӯŵĲм룬֪׶ʲô˶湦Ϊӣ׳ӣ֪Т㩣ҿҲ󡣡
/㻳һϧ𣬲Ѳڡ
˾һᣬһҲǼ⺢ӣ֪ʲô˽ȥȴ̵񡣺үǾϲȣʲôΪĸܷβʹ˭
/㻳˵ǰһɽҰʦδʲôˡ
һԵŮҩֽӹߣûᣬ˵ڸݳЩ֮£ģ
Խ̨ϵˣ/㻳СģЩ⣬ɲףúϷŪһ
ĻشȻ޷⣬˶ҩ룬ָڸϣ䵭Ӳˣʲô˵ǲҰ̱ˣʲôҲܲˣԵǸӡ
/㻳һ亹磬ҡ
赭Цˣߵֵ⺢ô˵͹ҲԹһ䣬Ҫ˼ˣֻ»Ϊʲô̱
/㻳Ӳ̧ͷ޷ĸ׽̵Ӧá
ҩŮݣ£æµ˺һᣬֺһƬ㣬˲ŻɣᣬҲһƬġүƺΪû֮£ǵĹ˵һ˵
/㻳һסΪȣһ
ҲСˣϧǲѣȻΪٰˡü΢棬ԼԳִȺͣĵŮ귽ţڣҲͣò൱Ρ
/㻳˿̽ŵںε󣬺ֻ䲻ϡ
֮ɫǺӣҪϮˣ䲻ϣԷƱֻҪرݣԻΪͼ֮
/㻳ĬȻΨеӦǡ
Щ¾Ͷү֪ˣЩɽҰ˶˾ʡŪЦ˺ݵĺͻʧˣ˲䲻ȵ򸮿ɲûصĵط˽ϸϸ̰ɡ
/㻳ǳȥˣıӰĿ͸ɡ
һöɵȴԼ˼ݺͶȻܣĬȻһᣬү»ѫ֣˵̫ë޷ĥһĥ
ֺӦˣʱˡ
˵ƶ𣬿д˵ķջǵһͷ
ֽҿϥϸãϼѤݻȥ¶һ˫õĽţŮѬ¯Ƭɫҩ࣬˻Ĩףȵࡣ
ĶҩɢʹŤϵСץС澲ҷҳ۵û̲ޣʰصĴ֣ѪɽһӦŮ׻Ψи˵Ĵִ
СʱŮҩߣΪ㣬С˳ϵѪҲѸĨŨѬѹסڵĶ
һˮ죬ϺһŻظԪŮ裬֪Ƿˮ죬Ȼ⣬˽ŮȥץһԵյ˸飬üɷһ˹ڵأɫ
һ̣곤ĹСȰοɫԾ룬Ž˳ˣϸϸΪᷢ٣еȰܿˣΨͨ磬òЩ
ڲƣΪ飬Ծ˳Խŭżµļҧгݵǰֻϥʹ¶ˣԽˣҽҲûУÿǣ
ֱտڲԣᷢԽᣬһ˿©
ǰһֲֹֺʼʹѵʳеҽ޲ߡȻ˵һҽҽʦӲȣָɽˮ֦ҶĹðǰȥΨҽؽһŹŷصҩ֮ʩΪ˵ʱ̣˹֮пάʱʹ
Ȼһ˽α꣬ѹס֮ӣʱĲѾΪбԣոֹۣÿһʩ̣ͬ޹ֹƢսӣŰ޳

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Ʋʱڼһؿ͡
/㻳λֳδֲ̬ǿԣ绪ʤƽգüҷƴȡѩκʱڻ᲻Щ
/㻳һ޷˵ǿյ֪һصľ£ѩΪΪ֣̿¯ůϯʹ϶Ҳ䡣ڸţֻȴǴ;ΣҲ㶬ʱžۡ
ǵԷ飬΢΢һЦȻӦˡȻ㻳⣬ȴ֮Ϊڴݺ
ֻҪȥ/㻳ѾǶֳңοСظӦˡ
תԷůһӵŰ׺멣о˫½ĺ棬ӯīɢڼϣëԵ¶׵ֺ̧ޣĿһȻ֪Ӯˡ
Ц߹ȥסֺ⼸ҩˮ弫Ч˵ľɺ۶ʧˣָһ·ȥž߿غڡ
˫½ˣסĥòŷſеϧ䣬ҳȥһˡ
ĺЩȣȻܿѹڣҵҹ£ݵĶҲڡ
ЩЦЦƿݽһֻ˸ߵĺ䡣
Ũܵڷһ裬ѤӯխĺüãѩСѥ¶
һ·»ǵ²ãȴĺھǰòף·̫ˣڸ¶ݣ˶֪Ǻ
Ҳһ໪ڣ忡ǷԴһۣƺ̫أһöϵķᣬö˶ͨɺ׹븲污ɴӳԣ˼ֹ
һſ֣Ȼ͸Σ˭ҵ涯ҵˡ
Ȼüžò
ǰͭһȻƶÿγЯ飬ʿ˾ռߣֻҪ书˲³˭
ĿӹѤѣֻֿ˸ߵ䡣ʣС¡¡޲뱸򿪵ϻ۱ӯҫλ£ȫ֪Ǻʱ¡
࣬յһЦ·һжӲƿء
ѩױعʮʢΨһɫдССδ࣬ӳѩɫ⣬̲֦Զɽ㣬ͤ˪½纮
ⴱȥɣ£ʮˣʦ輧¥׻ϯ档Ƽȣ˼Ѿ˿ģ˵ķڡ
輧ݺ輧ãջöɡﵱȻǣǰβͣһϯĽӶչ棬һЩϵӦ࣬һӦ;ǿ
ȻأʵڳɫƫúĴҲšˣһ붼λӣϧͰѾ̸ЦܽŮΨеĺ
λĿޣξšȥ˰Ȼ˲ٺĿ⣬Ѳɴµ¶ǺεȾɫ
ݺݺЦ쳣ԲһִơʹнҲֹһ̵ǰ⿪к¥ǧĵĻ棬˸ûȤ
ƹѲ֮󣬴ģ˸⣬ѩʫͶϼҲʢʣ뼧֣/㻳֮⡣
/㻳ʵļѣֲܲ˵ʱظڽһ˷ɢҲ
Ȼյδһûд𻰡
/㻳һ񣬡Ժ䣬ʱɾӡ
˷Ӧһַպ㻳һ⣬ɷܡ
/㻳֪йǣҪ²ߣԸߣͬ͹顣
ǲÿɷ΢΢һЦ
/㻳԰ѻ˵Ǳѡ븮ɳȫ̸ѵֽһֱΪСڸѪ֮ԵԾʮ׽ˡֱԣƽǺϸ֮ңһζݾӱҵ״ȣԣȥк棬
ǲһϸ;Զɽ幫ӼڴҲϣ㻳ɻᵱ֮룿
˫µĳӳããѩɫЦЦ·͸һС
/㻳ȻһԶԣɬȻҰ飬ϣ㹻ĳ붯Сڿϲϻظȫڴ֮䣬Ю󣬷ǾΪ
ͷ֮һⰲüĿ̹ǶӺ㡣
ӰΣһͷһǾΪ㻳Ѿܴԣνס
һֱӵƣ/㻳ᣬһʱԶԡ
ֵȻֱԣҲǣϵ˼ֱ¾ǰԻţ㻳Ҫߴ١
/㻳ԭΪͻȻģĳŵϲɫֻҪϻظá
Ǳһɹ˱оơ
/㻳¼ȥʱ˲٣Ҫ𼸾ѻ壬Цȥ˴ͷԭǷ˵˫ģҲѰκıʻһ
/㻳ʹ˷ݣ˵ǴһЦִ֣Ǽ
ĵ;Ӱһֱ䲻֪˵˽䡣
磬ǵ˫ģڸһλǽϼĹӼ麲/㻳ֱųĵļ磬Ϊ˫
˫󷽣Ķ麲˹ģ˾幫ӣҺȣȫнҪơ
/㻳̴ȡյƳĺڲǲ漸λӵơ
һɲĬȻִǰ
麲ӹʢľյżȻɨһۣƿߺȻתأƺʲôסΧĶƵĺѩĺӳһ˫Ũ̷µСʺΡ
麲еľյ䣬˰ĵ˫һǱ˱ܣ˶ע
麲ϾԹˣؿһźʹС䣿
һ˲ʱˣɻĿż麲ƿ
עĿĺһͷļͣһʯͷ
̧ۣҿ麲ε̧֣ǲǣҪȡıɴ
ͫ˵Ļţѵǽڡ
Ȼһƻؼ麲ֱۡʧ̬ˣҵ̼
麲عɢңǸһλˡ
ִϴˡǵĻ䣬ȷѶԷࡣ
麲ͣһ˲ٶȿˣʹüۣ֬룬ڣоɣӿɷԸؽס
Ȼı仯ȫסˣǼֲЩˣ
麲ҧҧһҾ빫Ӽ£Ҳ֮飬ٽ޷һȻͻأȴҲ澻죬Ҳżʣʿ֮Ϊ¡
ǳԳЦˣһʵڿҵ֪¾Ȼ˰أԸԻƽΪס
˾Դ㵣ȻǼ߳ӵܣҲ޼һȤ̸㰺ļ룬ʵھˡ
˫һ߳ӺֱʣҾ֪ʲôľɫֵûƽҵƷһΡ
ûӦе˸ɫ˫ȻλԻоһλԽ̨նġʱǰ˫ס˿ھɵĴλصĺֺڹ󣬵˫Խɻ
/㻳δôԶսͣȰ⣺磬ȷʵϵ
᲻ؽ𣬾͵ȳ˼֮˵ǿձ䣬Ȼ/㻳Ļ˼ճֱҪǿܣ
һ˵üأϤȻ
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ңңһۣζ麲ȶңִŵ˲áͷŻеˣĺѱ˳Բ
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Ĭһᣬǰҵϼ
𰸲⣬ǵʱ㻹δϰݣ
ᣬ˽ʱʲôҲᡣ
ǲɫۼգøΪϴ壬ǵ˼ңʲôӣ
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Ҫ븮ȷʵҲֻܻΪۣǵڸ˶ã
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ĬҲҪش𣬲ãһ˿룺ӵʱͣδ֪ܵرںδΪȥԲ˹עǷǵ飬ôʲô
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ǵɫ죬ǵ΢Ц·𳰷Ȼḡָıɴ
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˼һ˲ѣֲʲô˵ֲƿϸָճȭϡ
ڷſǰһ˫ĳĪĻš
֮Ǽ麲Ӱһԣݲ԰ף˵ʹ

Եǳ

Ҽ˲ͣذɡ
İһ˼麲ӶԷʧ̬˻ظڡ
ۺţתͷȥ鷿СĵӣӶһۡ
ҩ䣬¶һذɫ¶޳ָһͭСӣϣҩһֻʡι״ҩߣʮöҩƿۻҡͷҲ̧ʱȷš
İ֪ĸ˻⣬½⸮е֮ҲûϲЩѱ¡
һöƬ۲ɫֶҩʼĥʱݴ죬ᣬ۵徻Щ
İµ޻ĬĬȥس̲סԹȫŮǳ鷳ռҲɫƵƵùӽ鼫˭ù
سһǣ˰콣ŵӻǲϼռģ
ĸİɧ֮鲻ñҩȥ鷿Ҷҽš
س˼˺һᣬùΪβã
κˣ˳ȥǸռġİûûյӣһǾط꣬˭֪˽ʲôӶǰãǲֵ
سҡҡͷֺα
İһ˵Խ⣬˵ʲôǰֲû߹ӿɴӲ⡣
س˵еĽȻЦˡ
һӹðϵҩɣֽһ
ҩʱݰ־ţ̧ͷƳһȴ֪Ŀˣüͷ΢Ҫ⻽İȻһ٣Ƭ̺ҩߣֻйȥ
ٴһѩƤһöӨͨ͸ö񣬿̵ϸ£һöССܲ
ƤߺɽǲİޱĿϸ΢ı仯·ͷ紵ĺ棬ΨȻѾˣʲô
ⷭһϸӰԲͫƺЩִ١
û˵Ŀ
·Ӧýֲ֪ͣ˵ʲôֻ䣬Ƥ㣬ȡ
ģͻȻ
ͣͣһͷ
ԹԵϸλֻ࣬ö񾡹ƯҲ졣ʱѧ
ǰɽ£ȡһЩ档ûɽ䣬ԷźܾãһԺӰȼϵƺܺÿ
ӵĶ봹мȤ£ƳһۣһסǼԺӣ
壬Ǵˣһɨ֣η䣬һɽˡ
ʱļžձΣڿڣúܺãϧҴδԺ񣬵ϵʢ
ʹЩãȻҲᷢʣֻǾ
мվǶİĴ֣Ҳ·լﲻװΣȫӡᵭ𱸣֪ͣôתϾɷ࣬Ҽʶһ˵Ժ֮
סˣǲڣ䲻Ը
Ĭ˺ܾã˵ʲôû˵յͷ겻ɽϣδ㹻ı
ǳһЦֲǺζҵ䲻ϣԭСкѡ
ĺӶԣһж¡
ƵĺһȻ⣬۷俪ϻ£רһ;·˲ףԺºܿһɽ
ɽ͸ĺ䣬յ춼塣һʱɽ۵ˮɱʯͻѰƵҲʧˣƺʣһˣӰʱϷʱܹ¶ƽδһ죬Ҫ԰һԺı
֪ԼΪʲôûоܾһˣʱǵıڣŵȲϲãںͯǵĻը졣ڿյĺȣһ͡
ÿһ󣬰İͻὫɵıߡǷ·ʧˣֻʣеģͣĽ͸ıɸ̬
ɺס¯ӡͲȻǵõһЩ״⡢ɺ٣ʼѩǡա򡪡ССıһһǵļ֮ӿֱ֣ԽԽأĿڷ·ʲôţ͸
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˫⣬ľ磬Ѽ麲տƣһ𣬽ȥ¥Ҳһصġ˲δи㣬˼߰˸¾ƵС˱
麲٣ȵ࣬ܿ⣬˫⿴ȥһֺǣȥ㣬ܱλ
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Ρǽã˫Ҳܼɣһưˮӵλ֮ϣֶǰӽ
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ӹһ˿Ц麲εۣ˻䡣
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һ飬ͤ¾˼ŮСƺһ輧ˣȷҲãֻ֬أԶԶеӵ
ŮЦŽһԺǵĿݾֽܿȥҲδ⣬ʱһŮһڲݴ٣ڿݾͣ£ǷҪҵĶھס
֪ǿڿݾϷѾãޣŮһܣϵĺ䣬ϾأҪȥʰʱľ̸Ϲȥֹ

Ľ

ǵѩ۵գͫԲһССĺ룬һĴ¶һ˲ʲôͻȻײĿһһӴ˲ͬɫʡ
СȡӾʧöȭͷĲ׺ɫ˿룬ݰϷʱþߣҲ֪֡
С䡣
ӯڳݼ䣬ǸݰϷĺײ
ѰŮҲͬԶֳ׾ĳɣɰʹƵƵŮȡЦԽˣԽٿڣҲ˵ȺŴꡣ
ûԹߣҲȥͽߡһöСҷĿڣضãۡ
鲻ԽԽԽȥ԰ʱϰʱŽϰĺϷԾ޹ǣѣԡȺ˵ֶϱῴ˼ҸͷǲӽĻᡣ
̫³çˣŮݹڵ΢˽ֲˣػ¡ľף̲סڡ
˫ýζľɷ羰ȥȥȥһ٣һ飬˶Ķο֡¾нհǰ˺󣬻ŻʲôȤζ
麲ɬЦ˰õ˵ǣʱçײˡ
ɬܵͼأ˼ȶˡСʳˮ͵Ķˤȴʱ͵ָЩ飬ԶΡ
գ˰ָסСֵ֣ĶҵζշתΣһȴļƻĸٳҪߣĸ׶۰ػӡ
麲ĻͻȻͣˣ˫̲סߴ٣Σ
ϸ麲ɫЩԣ֣
Һ麲ڿڣȻԳʹơ˽Ϊȴ֪֮ۡ
Ĳ²⣬Ī뼾ֵ˽ײƣ˶ת
ҼǵĸٳʮգѰΣĺʱ飬ȥ֪麲һѵ˵˶ʮȡ
ɫ䣬һСѾͷܶʮȣѾǳͽ룬Ҫˡ
˫⼤ŭ˭ݣܸиԵɡ
麲һƣǻɬһλãԼĸ˵԰һöѾ˵ź·ĸ͸ȥѼ죬ѳ͵ָΪ
麲δ꣬ȻϤ˱Ϊ˹֮£ȥԽͷ
ұȥ̽ӣȫѪϡ麲ֲļǵüĿ־壬ǾŭҲǸ꣬ȫȻΪĸһҹĸӦˣȽ˽ȥѰȥݿա
ͬһ麲ĸףĸӲ˵˵ӦֻܼǱˡ
˫ָУΪһ˵ʱּﶪ˶
һĸԴΪѰˡ麲ɣ⣬ȻĸٳڼȷԣιأŸܡ
Ȼ׵˫ƲʲôԿ⣬ŭϴҲһΪħ֮ͽǺ䶯ֵķǡ
αȼ̡֮ҵҲ룬衣麲ŭЪЦһ૵üۺ͵һҵҲǡϵҡ
ҵһůƣƽĸյ㻳룬ֻΪЩ
Ŀɲ/㻳ӢʵԳΣ֣ұ⣬¹ˣԵһβѣδҾ֮⡣
һ̵İİ˸ϣӲϲŭǵĿڣ㻳ȳϣȻתϵһλҵˣٲմǡ¾Ͱˣ´ţݹҷ顣
һ·ꤣһԲİϢһҳ
صУǾֱѰȣȻվסˡ
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֪ʲôԵʣһشҷٵĻͻȻϨˡǿãǰˣŷ˵ʲôѾˣߡ
ˣ˯һ󡣡ᣬ޳ϣȻƣˣʶҲʼǵı䣬ᱧһ·߻Էİ֪ĺ˳ȥ
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صı콫ըѣ֪Լô˯Ӻڰůͷеգƿߵ˼£᣺
뺮һӿ룬ֱܿůȱˡһζ룬ܿ˳ȥٶȰա
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ƿǵ΢ЦȻն˯ȥҪˡ
ֲЦвʲôƺңԶİѲ˼޾ĴԶۣҲʧȥӦԵˣҡ
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һ£ŷѾˣȴȻƽЩͬ
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ߵǰȻЩЩȣֲʲôζͫһ㱡ˮɫӳѤıƣҲ¶
һ˫޳ֻս£ס
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̻ü۽ǺЦɫðҡ
ջһֱ㲻źۼֶѲ⣬·һĶ/ҩ֪ȻסһΰĻ䡣뵽Ŀʼʶģ˰̳ѣǿһʲôƣ
Ҳưбӣ۽Ǵһɺɫ˵ĺÿˮʦΣ
ƹľƣȻζãѾˣʶܿƵƮƶˣʲôβ塣
䣬Ѿζҩõ
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һѣ󣿡һھƣյָڰȾžƵı⶯ˣԽԽȥһС
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һÿһǾղŽӿڣûأöģǼף
ļȻһ£סһھƲãʶٶȻɢ
ḧ糺գʰ⣬ңλģ
ſң
ȡʱˣ
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һǿסҰɱˡ
ǸĦıһɱˣ
ɳ˵ͷõÿһҩѣѾϰˡ·뵽ʲôĴһ£ҵҶףãһΪҪš
ﵽβ壬ǰ봹ŽޣˣϢ֮価Ǹľֵ˼ԨҩҪһϦ֮᲻Ӧ
ؿڲ˲ͷģҪֻбֲֵǮ
üһСɵ򥣬еΣգ׽ҲΪⲻֵʲô
ûĻش𣬡ǡ
ǼȥΪʲô
ްգ˯δ˯ѾԼ˵ʲô㣬һĺ֡
ɵˣ֣
֪ô/ƻӵĳ嶯ԺһŵҪ㣬ҧ촽Ѫ˺·ԵģĻﵽ۾ѾˣҲңܿ£Ϊʲô
δ˵ĻʧˣѩҹΨеƻ
Եң˯ȥˣǵĳΣգָüĻȣȤԭһ

˫˿

صĹƿɫĹǽ߲ʡѩߣ¶˵泱ʪשʯ׵ʯ೤Զεһһۻ׳
ǰĽׯϣԷžɣԷɽˮֲȪת˹εѹ֡
ߵһŮŻã˫տ̴ͻȻһϲг磡
Ӣ첽߽ɲ/㻳ֳһӰŮɴۣٿվı˼磡
/㻳һȥס±֣ϸˣȡȷĴȶϲãѾˣ
һˣ˫ӯᣬֽסЦÿնϰ˵ĹȻģҵѾˡ
Цһ䣬䣬ôȡ
һ֣¥ȥֵܶ˻УȻȽȷʵߣÿ볣졣
ҵĽͳţֻһŶ磬˭֪ˡ챧ԹֵĻá
ܲѪԵ֮ϵȻô/㻳̽ӣѽӳ׳꼫áǼ治ȣȴȣĵɬµĴȤҪǰֻͬҪűȥˡ
ҲϣϴѾã֪빬ҹϲ˯š
׿ӵ/㻳ɷοôڽȺҽ˵ʲô޷Σֱӹͽ
赭дŻԵɺϵĶ֢ʵȫԼȻټ
²޵ĵͷȻˤ˺öΣ첲۵˵Һüأһ뵽ΪȥôԶڹ߼ã̫ûˡ
/㻳һֱǣǹңڷġһϲˣ֪Ҳܸˡ
ϲε˵ȬҪ߶ڼ乬ֶ࣬رΪһ¡
/㻳ͷһѼǣǺ⣬Ҳöˡɽͼһ³䶨һЩҲɢȥҲ˴㡣ʶһǣԷ΢ЦȫȻ졣
ûôԶȴǼһһ˵磬ϴμҵС㣬˳ֹŴ󷽣˵ͬ»ޣģ
⣬ȷд¡
µ˵ͷ޳ϸ̹ԣҲϴ硣
/㻳һŲףº˵ʲôЩǹҸ˵ģ
Ϊίı⣬Һ˵СʱУճɫʲǶڳޡ˵ɽѧδ䣬˽ۣ˵һ·ʹȥͬ꣬ϵƥ䣬ԺŶһЩ
д⣿/㻳䣬ŰɣʶͷһʵȨеλΪͻȻҪδľѺˡΣ
Ƕ˺Ŀ⣬̬ͬУǿΪ˸ͽҵ˵ֺֹһˣʦһͬѧգ񲻸Ϊˣ
ʧı˱죬粻ϲͦΪܵɩɩء
/㻳˵ʧɣĵװζӣӦоһܵѣֳٳٲϻظ룬ȫȻ޴Ӵ⡣
ȥ游ǳԷУԺӣ󳤸ӵĶԷһԷͿһýӥգ콣Ӱ
һԵȺ󳤸ֱһ·Ъ£սԵһͷɫƽʦ㡣
µѯʣ⼸ռЩ£©˼֣ɾﲻ֮
󳤸һ磬Ĳɵܺãʦˡ
̽մԼ£ȥҶͣɺã
󳤸農Ĭһ̣ʡʦһ
ΣƵ½Σме𻰣ʱ䶼ûУλ˼
󳤸ʵĺֱӣʦڽǴңӴ˾㽭
էѯǱ򶨣Ҳδ룬ʦܺʡ
󳤸ԴǾˣʦͬʦţϦףֹ£ʦ˾ϰԼ֣֮Զʤ춼֮ࣿ
裡󳤸һֱ𾴰أδ˷ָŭǺաإδ飬ظڶ׾ӦȷвǣͷԻȥʦ뷣ҵ֮𡣡
󳤸ӯٲȻǽҹŮΨһŵʣȻʱ޶Ȼġʦ㣬֪硣飿
ྲһȻҲ֪ϢӺδɢ
˫״磬ױ׼ɽϣвŲʡΪղ̽Ϣɽۣ˭֪»һۺ󣬾֮ǰʥگἰͻȻֻһŮ
ǹسȴǓ÷ѹŮ⣬Ѱϱı׼Ϊ佫ңӼѹʹϲүҲػ뾡ϮλϹδӣҪһǿϱ
һĻе˵Σܶ󳤸迪ڣΨǿЩ޸֮ҥα˶䡣
󳤸迴飬ɬȻһЦǲҥԣʦĵӿͣʵǸ㣬Ҳ֪ڽ꣬ȴ֮⡣
Ȼش󳤸ֵο֮ľʦԽҲȻн֮飬ʦԣ
ͬʦһˣǳ֮׵ôΪЦ̸
ĬЩγȻ
󳤸һͷ˼ǸΪ檣Ͼʦãʦ廪ȥͬʦṫӵĳ谮ȴʦŽ̵ֻΪһ
裡ֹ飬ǰٿѱ硣㲻ҡ
ԸԱ˶Ϥľȣȴ˵ڣһ쳣֮Ǳ޽ػƾƣȻһΪŮϼլ߳롣
ഺǰθģߣĳܼ޷򡣼гΪãֺγΪһ֮·
Ҷɽʦȫ⡣󳤸˰Σþ˵ϨģҶǲȥˣоʫ֪ʦǷš
ͣһ˲յˮҶɣɽʯͷǡһԴо۽塣ʦۣ˼ʵ̫ࡣ

ɽͤ

ձ磬ֶʱͻȻɢˣҰǰ
ӵⴱҵɽӵƽϸߴȥ߷ǧ̲ѩӵ紨Ӱ⣬ɽʢɫ뻳С
£ðİڰɽͤ鰸ī߽ů̱̿߻𡣻һǾˣЦ̸ҲЪˡ
լԺѩδͤ̿յü΢΢ߺ佫жˣ˿ϣȡ˫ž档е۽ֳˣһᣬȡһѲüϸҪ޶̣סÿӶһԣ᲻صö˶˵ļʲô
Ҳ£ڻȵֻĦľշ·˼ü죬֪˶¡
ƽЩͬ鲻ã
ڹģȻһüͷһ⡣
ֲǵ٩ᳰ뿴ɫȴס˺󾱡⿪ĳ裬ָǡôõת˻⣬ϲ
ΣһǰӲ֪˴ĸоãȫɢķϥ̰ࡣ
ббķţŨܵڷխļ磬һСɵĶ˿͸ˣһ£뿪꣬ȥһ
е죬˭ⱼǼʵˣǱҪ죿
ĻشȻɢ˾ʤʱڽȤý
һ룬㲻ȥ
ȻⳡΪ˶㿪ڱظ⣬ǲϣҵ֪˼֣
ɵûнȥ˼࣬ȻδԼҲѯʡ
ݵӰ㣬ǴĿһЦҲ޷
һ˼˸ͷʮǰľûϺүܣһӣеҲΡӼΪٳΪоЦ̸Ҹ׵ĸݵ΢裬߹شӾһսˣȣڵسɻ飬ҡԭΪһ˾ʹ˳ӱ߹أû뵽׾ԽԽʢһֵܱȵԽ游ʥյ㸸Ϯ¼ޡ
ﵽеͣһ̲˵ȥ˹פ߹أΨЯż˻ص꣬ĸҲޱ檣ʵǺ뵹ˣϧüһ˿ڽʱ亦ͷһ껹ãڶ߾ȣױȳȻ׽ػĸ׻ʱ⣬ʹ˺ܾãʱ⡪ֲý
䣬Ỻ־亮ˣס֣һ£ϢԻЦЦҲʼѪΪ֢һɹƿأʳӣؿɵһȺ֮ϧӣֻڤڤжʦֹҽѪ̽ʦáһ·ӱ߹Ѱ꣬ʣ춾跨Ҵ˺ս½󷵼ңص׽أڶո빬ʥСĸ︧˺밲ս䣬Ҳ㻳̡
䰲꣬븴𣿡
һɹΪﲡһĸûи׵Э޷빬һҲΪܣӵ̫ԶҪһټʵˡ
ǷԹ𣬿ȷų֮ˣȴɱĸ֮ȻǻʵãΪ˺ܾãӣ
Ǵķ̵ǸˣĴܣΪᾡһȥҸ˻¡
һαܹѯ⸢ݵһ·ϮɱôӦԣ
ǳĬһ˲ɢĿڣ̸ӦԣұҲδ
һδ꣬ȻİݶϢ٣ӣүˣ˲
̧һԺűѾ˼Ӱ
һ档
ʱӣԸǹУʬɽѪﲩɱ汲˭һ䣬ʢʱ˹ϧȢ˹ҫȴδ˼լȻҲлգδ˫ǰס֮Ůɢ޶겻ԡһˣֻѱĥѹ壬ȴɽ¶Թ
ü´ۣȾ˪Ѫľ뵭ԸգòǼΪһ˫ĳʹˣҲһۿ֮ѪԵ
˿̣ѪĽ΢΢ͷԶɽͤеһ˫ˡ
ӷ绪ˣɢӵһˣ˿ǳЦʣɽɫ컡ȻܰĻʽֻһ̣ƺĽ
һ˲֮棬·һֻİ׺ףһƳɽ֡
ˣԺӽʣ˸ԡ
һɵĳδ멣һǶʱ̣ѾЩڻܿһֻѱãף·ңңĹ۲졣
˺һ˳ĬҼǵõҲѹѩ
΢һ£ɫһŵһֻܣ˺ܾãȺˡ
·˻䣬һ˸ߣõͭ۾ǡ
һʱ벻ƽĽӹǺɫΣǶȥ󼫺ãһ
ɢĻ両ӶźϧһѩϵĶɨˣײ
Ƕһ˲֮˷ȷǲ
һһûͷûβصμ両һ޼硣
ƺʲôЦ⣬̫СһʾͱˣҲǣᡪ
ͻȻͣˣã̾һ˭Ҳ˵̾ϢʲôζȴͻȻƾúֿڣµ㵽δ㡣
Ҷ°Ƶһδá
·ԤϣҲŭɫβŵҲóɻˣŮĵŮ¾ף˭󡣡
ǴṴ˵ķ⣬ΪҸȢˡ
һ޶곤Ĳɣֳ㣬ķ绪ƣ衣
ȥ˸ˣε֮Ǹ
ǲɫô˵
ӵУ״ۣﵱʮ֣κҿԲᣬҲסǸ
ǲһǣЦЦ
ɫУһζĬһ΢һˣеĵʧ
˵ҲԣתԺš
һ˿⣬ԶıӰ㣣
󲻹ģʱµҲʸԼ㡣ͣһ£ƽºͣžȻŵ䡣ʲôɣһҳеһܸ࣬㾡ĶС



ֹգԽԽѩ֮ʱ쳣䣬æŵƽʡﱸϴˢпǰ˽콫ϲ⡣
糣޸һԷǱҪ鷿ǽأκ˲룬/㻳ϰ׻ˣ飬ϾһЯ
Ƴһۣɡ
/㻳̤뷿Уϻӳ˼⡣
һһˣܻﲻ࣬ȴϬһеģ/㻳Ϥ¡
̸ĩβ򻺵ǰߣһȺӹ£ְ߶ᵡΪлԵԶҲδѷڹ»ѫ
/㻳οͷһůһսӵ紫Ѷ˵ҪһʱգҲδҪδ׿ǲҪǲУ
򲻴/㻳̲סʱУֻ˿ʵ
ҲˡĿһ̣һ޷зִ硣
һణ/㻳ĵȴ˲ͷֲ
Դȱϣ/㻳ȥˡ
ŵʱ򵥵Ĳ鷿ֱߵĹģַжһˡһŮؽ棬һ̳Ƹϯϡ
ĿԳݣһۣ΢΢ü
Ұж°һѩ׵Ƥϡ
Ƥëϸܣ׵Ĵ쳣ůȡ˺ܾãƳһ۾̳֪ƽüͷ˵ʲô
ҡҡͷ
һĿʶ˶á
Ҫߣͻͣһ£һࡣ
ֵУǸˡ
֪Լòûش𣬳һܺãҲ׽
ǺӵԲϲŭ֮ˣپ⣬ʱ죿Ϊʲô
Ҳ֪Щ΢ԥ˳󲻽⣬˶ܺãֻǡ
ֻ죿΢ȣһ࣬һ֪
Էеı𣬵ԵɣҲٶԴȥ̧ƿ˴顣
һ䵭ã
ŹֵĻһۣڿһ߽ˣûתӳ˲䲻Ӱ
ĬƬ̺ȻЦˣͷḧ̳̳λԲŹӵԹ⣬һؼ㣬Ƕ֪֡뵽ʲôһ˫΢пº
ǱߵլۡŵõԶң¥һӰѶ࣬ĺɫзۡ
Ƭ̣ӯӶϣһƮȻ¶̵һַס˱䡣
͹ȥˣƺе⡣俪ڡ
ûжʣȽ䣬£һȥһԺϲҪ·Ϲ꣬һЩ
ûʲôӦһ±ȹȥʮ࣬ϳˣƻŲҡ
ӻȡһ˿ϵھϣ׹ϵڣȻЩô޺ˣõĹ˪˿׶䡣
˿ǹ˪ɽ϶е£ֲϲ٣˿ͣѰնϣɫԼ亱˿һ죬ûѯʡһСɵĶ˿ǽɫȻ̫ۣصȾ˻Һڡ
Լ˿ȴаһͬż쳣İģĸһ¡
ǳЦʡ仹ʲôҪģ
̧ۡ
ȴа鱾Ķԭˣ㲻Ҫˣʲôϲһ䣬Աݸһɹҿɱ䲻
ƮʱҪ׷һ߶ãҲνҪã˿ܹأѾܺˡ
üң뵽һ⣬ͨꣿ
Щ㣬ƽȻȤҼ䲻۵õ꣬һͷˣȫЪˣֵΨ徲Щ
һᣬԹӡֹˣ
ȷʵ벻Ҳûٽӿڡ
ɫ˼ֺ´棬޷ȵõľɫһϲ
ǾȻˣǰϦûϢ뿪˽ꡣ
游ĸ׳ȥ
սѴ飬˽֪ĳĿ𳤣ԣ񷨣飻ĳҲٶȷһ·ϣΪ䶯Ļ⡣
硣ѾԶԶ׿ɵĻ£ͣɽ±ߣֵϸͣʣԶɽںȻƺƻ棬εȻ׳ۡ
±ߣɽ£ƮƮɣѡһõطľм춼塣
õȻ䣬ޱʪԵͫףɵİӵ࣬·ʱȥ
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ɫ΢ζһЦˣԵ¾һŮĸ˵Ʒζ
һ·¥ӰйȥɽԵ÷εݶһ·㸡Ǹ绪ŮӣͬͬԿлϢɽĴ
򸮵ţںδʮ֮ͨĹܼ̽˹ӭ˽ȥΪＫԺľԶ棬լǴ£ȴƷްֿ̬֮һ·Ҳνྻֹ󷽺ˣ˺
ܼܵľȻʼ¶ɫǵȾ˷纮Բࡣ
䲻֪ΪζԿӡ󼫺ãһ⣬ԾֳǣҡƳһۣɫܼ˼䣬һ̣۱˻˹
Ҳ磬̷ҹࡣȻһ۴̸˹ϲ⣬һڸۼʶӵҽ뿤ϵչ˵ܶ⡣
ĻŭţһϳٻӰǣδ˵Ȳ䱼ȥ˿Ĺ뷿ĺڻɹܼ㡣
˿֪Ϊ˼ȡ
齣Ӳ㲣˥һȥƺˡ
۷ʼδѣЩֶ͵С㾡ջȴʱŹչˣСһ쳣ϲ
ЩãȻĪĴֲҽȫʲôſ԰׵ݣΨаסĿڣתһȵɹȥ
˰ΣյĽëһ£ۡ
һϲʱС㣬չˣӽˣ
ʱ㱣ˣȻ¶һƼȻĻϲָ΢ؽȻ㡣
̾Ϣһ˵οЩȻ촹ǰܼˡ
䲻֮⣬ȻǷƽ̬ʱͷһ׹عǣ󡪡Ҳˣߣзκÿ
һס뿪΢١ˣ㡣
ᣬԳ˵˥䲻
ů·˵ôһֱһˣ
·ԼĲģȫϵϣԽԻ
Ҿ֪ѹһ;ͶԵж𣬸һһ¶ĺӣ£̫ңȫȻһͽܣƮ㽭ܿˡ
·һ׻У䳹׾סˡ
㣬ȴû˵ԭºͣɫůˡ˵ԵͽܣԼȴεʦʱΡ
ͫ㵵伸ʧβʶʦ
컯Ūˣóƺһʦʱа֮ԼΪջġĿɢҶʧƬ̺ɬȻνˣ¸껹ܼͽܣȻܻϲ
ⳡͬСɣȻԼ£һʱ޵ݡ
ǰҾͺһ㡣Ĳڣ˽ס֣˵Ǹúӣǣӣ߱ԣ㲻ˣǳɻЯɽ
ļȻһůһᣬ޴串ס
֪Ѿȥˣĵܲģ״ֳ֮⣬Ҳˣ񻼲Ҳ⡣üĿӯľ룬һƾ仨Щ̫֮ⷨΣգԺҪͷһ⣬иֳʲôѴҵϣػշһ
ԽԽ纮СҲڡϤĵΣһ
Ҳ磬ɵӣԸһʦ
ʢΣѵκ͵͵Ļһ
ҴӲշ㣬ʵһɿ㣬Ҿ𡪡䣬סˣ飬֮ϢһȻ˹ȥ

᳦

ڻ˺һҲż˹Ʒ衣
ȻӰһ˽һȥĹ뷿ŮһƬңӴ룬ǻҡ
ϵĿԲѣɫ쳣԰ףȻ
ټĻңȾ
һۣת۵¼Ȩˡʧˣ뽫ȥΪ
۵أһס񣬺һûͷӬƵŮһصģڶʱ
κȾ˷纮ʱҩӦأƺ˼ȣƢᣬŴη¡
仰ʵ̲ס˵ĲСĲȷĲ֪
ǳƬ̣ȿŷӻһҪ跨⿪ĽᣬҩҲҽĲ
±ϣʹշҩڿԷס¡ɽɫתƣڿˣص̤룬ֹ
һɫİ˳ȥ
˼ƺЩңһŵ͵ԭʦ飬ʦ
߹廪ȴڽͣüȰ˵ڲˣ÷ϸϸ
ɫӦһ
ʳɻ󣬡ǲѲµԲŴ
ЦЦδӻ
Ҳû׷ʣ㱵ૣ˺һʦãκ
ǲÿɷ񣬡Ĳҽϵ̫ãҲûʮİա
һʲôõϵҩȥҪֱ𡪡
ͻȻסһ˫ĳǼĿڣڻ𣿡
ϵŭǰףʱֲ֪ںδûʲôǲҪ۵ģҽãȻ
ǴϣأҪ
һ޲һʦǲһģʦֻи衣
ǻΣգ诣˸Ķǽף
ˣĺЩɡ
⸱ҲΪ˻ȻЦһϢЩأʱգһֱȡ룬Ϊʲô
ͷԷӦ֮ǰѾܵ
һüķ·ڿһֻĳ
ð⣬Ϊһ죬ҺܺãҲ֪࣬һҪҲǷȥʦδǰһ
Ļɫ죬Уһֱڷծ֪ΪʧЦ˵Ҳû俴һҪγ
ò׼òõƣԥһᣬ
Ƭ̣ǵƽ
˺һſסЦůȵϢʣȻϻۣϧ¹ͷˣº㶯֣
Ӧһ
áֻ˵һ֣Щȷֲʡ
ʦʲôҲȡҲ֪ͬҪʲô΢٣ĻｾԣҪģҪﶼҡ
СĲҲСֳйء˾ģԵɡСǰչӶ飬ľޣɽԶհ״δܳУܾǰСӸݻط˳һͻȻף֪ľͶ£¼ӭȢ֮ڡ
˵Ĵ̲סʱСͲˣ캮ضģСҹŵͥڶվ˷纮ҩҲϺȣһձһСֳﲮȰкĵ˵²Ҳ˼ڡ˵СĲȷҲûСЩ̷СҩմǿҲ³һճһգȥ˵£ֻ¶ն
ޣҳڵԹ˳ǽףǴչˣչӵͽܣһȰСýȥġ
ɫɷףɱ͸˳
ѯԿĽѾãһأ³ç֪Ľ
ĨȥϵᣬŴ£ȥޣδţƵƵǲǲסСã鼫ãα˵ʯĳСˡ
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鼫ãЦһ᲻£ӵΣһˡ
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ȻӶѳȫ亹죬ǵ齱ߵ𣬡ˣ
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һҲ˵ξеĳһµľףĬȻãϨ
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ܺáĻͣһ˲һĻ඼ɬߣԶǸˡ
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ôȰĳѾٴ޶ˣᴹʱڲס֬롣
ʲôҲáһõ³Ÿޣ춼ʦ֣ҽңΪȻΪŮūҲԼ𡣡
˵ĺܸɴ࣬ûаԥͫᶨһ˲ľųĹ⻪
ʷǳĬһ䣬ָΡ
Ƭ̣ɴļգĵҲǸ𣬡ǰѶһ̽㣬ֻҪ㻹δȢޡ
ʱ䲻ߵʱȡΣЩѤĽãλƺȫ޹ǸԼգﻹӣĴУãȻ΢΢Ц
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ĵֵͨүԿУļҲ⣬ִ϶ʧأ׷Ϊִڼ̽Щߡ
ΣѸϵʥȴݵΪȻӹˡĬãһ㣬ָӲϢԻ£Եɫǣ̣ν֮Ԥ
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ЯշתǱУʱãԽԽƧԶһȺɽƵĴʱЪһޣɽܵҰһգʱŵִһصɽڡɽڼԵĻһɫʯݣΧһԺӣéܵС׵ĴһأһϪɽ¶ɽҰһȻ
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۾Ȼ³һ׮ϲ䳢˳ʦǰľӲ֪˶ٱ
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ͷӱҲˣƣ̾˿ѾͷҲˣ裬书ԽڻһۣƽʱֱҺƴ
סţλǰˡ
ƵĿȣ߻ʯݡ

꼱

һ¹ȥԽԽơ̻˴ͯɱ¼򵥵ףһˮأͲϪˮݺһСƬ˵ءҲΧڴԴٱһǧһΡ
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նܣʦʧô겻һƽԡ
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˵ĻѾˣַסӯӯȪˮӿĵ½ޱߵʹ֯Ŀɬѵ

ȸ

Ļ˺ܾòű鷿
飬ͷʣ׷Σ
̾һݵүɿܶĿǰϢ
Ļش𲻿ñ⣬һŨףЮѹѾˣ޾һ׽ס
סĻɿܶͨСүһҲŹݣӰͼθã뽭жϾʵμ
һɣΣ񲶾ʢ׷꣬ضԴʮ˽⣬޲ߡ
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ѹǰȷʵԸ׷ɿܶϸľҲݣʤȻҪߵĴۣ活ʱʧһɵĶַ࣬ҲϷɿܶϰߣ˵ǺΪȻɻڱĸѹ޷֮ڿڣΨеүˣְ±ػ㾡ȫȻ̫˹ƣġ
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·ֻص˼֮أԨзֺ䣬ʱ䣬֪δķţ·ǻҰһƬڣ׹ȻſۡڰȥԼɪޱԷһɲķĽʹϮʹ亹
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/㻳հҽĻ˺ҧȷʵᣬҪڵ
Ŀ¶ͬ飬˵Ҳģ
ȷˣҽ˵׹ͷ­ײʯͷ׮Ѫδɢ£ʥϻּο˼Ρ/㻳սϼΣȲټֻ⿮̾һýжһϦ֮ڴϵķˡ
β䲻ѣԺҲҪСЩ
/㻳ʧЦ绹ǰáһԳڣʱֲףƳ˱һ㣬ʱεĿһյΡ
գ˰Σ̲ס磬˵һãģ
/㻳һˮֱüʱͷܿ档
ɵһ£ӦֻʮоųģһѿڶͬţҩҲǺӢ۴϶ģǸǰ
/㻳֪ЩţһƵÿЦãһɽɣֲ̳ΨпЦôʲô粻ѾС㶨ˡ
Ե˵ϲŮӣ͸¶˭º֪ں£𡣡
/㻳һʱ˵
Ϊܺãɴûʲôͬĵͣʣδͻȫ˽³һ粢ϲ
ݵΣ/㻳ҲЩɣյкιݱͲȢһͻҲҫȻСо꣬᲻ϲ
³Ĭˣ⡣



Ŵһѽ죬̧ͷʾŵ
۷˽Ųˮ߽ˮʸ˵ݸˣѯʣչôݳ費Ҫɽ
ҲѹŵòᣬǰͻȻɽδѵȥ㲵һˣһϻӣ˶ϷšϻĶŹ֣ʯűϳһЩҩġ
⿪ѣһá
ᣬȴĿͷ״һЩϸĲˣòùὥһεϡ
ãȻۣĺڵͫտ䣬βŻס֣ʦʦԲ𣬡
ͷ˵ʲôɵȫҺ㡣
˼ƺƮҶûˣʦԸԭ˴¡
ݵһùǣҩǲʲôûʲôƽҪ
û૵ĵҴˣҲðѶˣΪ˾ҵġҶԲʦ
ø淢ѹ䡣
ԭϲΪʲôҪҺá˼ңߵΪǺҡ
ɫԣӵס䣡
ҵĻͣˣ䰲ʪ˼ͷ
ãٶȿڣѻָƽʦޣֻеۣһȥҩβ׻ã֪Ҷģһʦ
ֲססҺԲ㣬࣬ôˣµӣ㻹ᡪ
ʵĲɾ䣬ӵĻᣬ޾ϧ
ƺӦǱģؿڷ·һ׵Ĵ󶴣©һɶĬţһʧȥľżīͫһ
ڹסһ£佥ָ˾
ӹݣַľͷںԺԾˮĹҰƤãÿһ춼æµżȻϢʱ£·֮ǰûʲô
ȻԽԽ˵ˣֱһưͣ̲סģ취ˡ
֮ǰȥһɽڣԶԶһǸ¶Ӱӣȥʯ̸һЯ۽ͳȥתҲˣŹѾʧӰһ¶ǡ
ɫ˲֮С
һĽעȤŵ
СΪ³ǧϧһжΣҽ֣ȴ漣Ȭʥϴͻ飬Ĺӡ
ֱ޼ҵ֬޾Со飬ŵûѶִǹƣС㵱ڽѵ˸޴档˽ǧ𵽵Ÿ㣬һִ߳彭Ȼ룬ȻǴ޾ſƥС
Ȥ֮˽ֵеĸ̾ǣеĽĹ޸ǳеأһĹӣƫ赶Ūǹļˣ޾šࡢԼĺĪǡ
ʥּ˻飬Ͼסƺ/㻳ԣرһٹ̽һ֮̽⡣
ǵȻӦƽһ޶ȫȢ¸ϲá
µĻ/㻳ס̽ʣδ㣿׵ǲٵģҪҲ࣬ʱҲÿʼ׼ˣٲظ飬Ϊ
ǴķƵл㻳ػ½˷ֻ˵Ǻ漣һͬ
Ȼѻˣ鷿˰컭/㻳಻סֵ磬ýƸɸ׳죬Щ»ǵԴ
ȻҪģ
ⲻֲʵ̬ȼֱˣ/㻳ɴֱʣ絽ʲôʱظùܼӣˣﶼС
ĪЦЦδܳɣαż
/㻳ŲԣƲһߣԺ⣬ʥּ޿ɸģͬϷ
ƵľŻף㻳ֵΣĵŮˡ
һԴģ/㻳ɫˣβŻ񣬡븮ɺү̵³ۣҲһжȫΪٻҲҪһࡣ
ǿãһͷ㻳Գģˣδ
Ȼˣ/㻳ҲٱܼɣжǵĸԵɺү乭ԣΪ֮ͬǶ粻ģԸЧү꣬Ӿפر߹ء
ǲɫפߣ˭֪··תϮ˾λ
/㻳һµһϣҪξɿڣʱְ˼Ҳ޷
ǱؾᣬƮͷЦˣ㻳ѪҸʱ
/㻳˵ҲǣѵֻѾȭһܣƫ޴ãΨѰͷǣȥѰɢڴĿģѱƣߡ
/㻳ŭȥȫ⣬˿辻֡
İӣ˼Ԩд顣
һɫİżԽԽľ̲ס͵۰ˡ
ʮӣʧԵĲо޶ƽ𣬸жֵǵı֮ʧ֮أ޲䶯ϡ㤿֣׷׹лԺȭʦȻȻסֿտա񲶼һһκ䶯Ұ
˼Ԩ֤ʵ֮ȷɣǷɿܶ
裬͸ˮϢ䡣˼Ԩ̣
˼Ԩڰǰͷúܵͣһ£λħǳ׾ҲδṩϢһоԶΪ֮䲻Ҳڽת
ҿǲˡЦһҶϢˣ
˼ԨһһٵҲδյҶĴţӺε
һȻֲһ롣
˼ԨشĬ˺һŵʵڲ֪ϷȥҴ󵨲²⣬ʧ빫֡
Ǻޱ飬˵
˼Ԩ˶񣬡Խ֮أɽ֣Ǹ֮ǰȥһǻãδʲô䱦
Ǻεǣʱδ֮⡣䱦ͶעʱĶ֪ҶԽ
˼ԨĸӿڣģģҲǲ룬ҲзһЩۼֻǵ̫ѣѷϾﲢƵء
ϣԽ
ǳЦƸ۶ʹǱѪȥˡ
صԽɽïܣܲ쳣ųˣµѪ̾̾һʮɽضŰȥЫףѾݴ̶ûԭܴһǹƳ붾
˼Ԩһ˵ζǸֳĬĺˣЩĵӣһԤ֪˵ĺ£һ˾Ȼȥȥ诣ûʲôǣҡ
Ϣ䣬ĳıŭ쳣Ĭ
˼Ԩͷһѹס㤿֣سŲã˳ȥ
İ鷿⣬Ŀ˼ԨӳԺӣȻһĨ⴩ƴɴµʯϹ
һİȻöһ˼Ȼӵӳ
ʰв֪룬ڻһ죬·鰸ϵĶϤڵء
İһӴ߿ȥһɷ˵ӣ⡪
ˣˤϴ飬飬ǴŮ˵ӶгʳˣҪⶫʲô
İͷһеԼһ˿Ȼ
һҹ֮䣬Ȼ޴棬Ҳ֮ˣϵɾϤȴӽ飬šҲ˰ɡ

Ѫ

֮ԽȣǧȺɽ࣬ľ̷ï
һĹ֣ҲбΪʥѩɽ֣Ϣ״ɢʮԽˣԭҲͼϽƣΪ͢λȻսǽͣԲҵʧܸաɽǧҶͿγɵʱ֣һçײߡ
ȻŹʱķòΪĻ֮أǿѪȵͳһĲǹǹϵ飬һѪĽߣΪѪ񣬴ȨѪһϡ
˵ѪޱߣһկѭϰףõʳԻ׸̣ϵķϾ׳ӺòŮΪū͡
Խ࣬Ϊ̣ƾǺŴѶսȺѱţҲºޣܿ湭ԣؿȻľ衣ԭ˵ĽƻȴϲԭߴĻɴѩ׵ΣӨǣĸֵ־ɵʱ᷷ԭūߴƤë
ɢĸկغУɽԽԽߣľڰŨܣ٣۵ʹӳŶϵҰʬ壬ױҰǻǿıӣȫ˸ɿݵëƤͽĿݹǣΨͷ­಻տյۿһϺɫٻʬ΢Ц
ʬٻľ棬̵ûд˸Խֽ磬ΨѪ̵ūƬС
һĴ׳Ŷ̽ǿı۰Ѫһɫ׶ִϼū̺ݵĿ־ЩϰɽŮūİ˶һ
֣ǰһںӣȷѬŻӶ԰һկ·ū˸ڣһƬ죬ǣӼĳսӺӵǣһš
ʪܵڰգĲߣһūһδסʧȥˮԣ׹ȥܿˮðηĿϵū֪Լ᲻ܵͷ
ūһ䣬漴¶һȤζЦ·ڵʲôϷ
ת˲䣬ūɲ֪˼ȿ־壬ҵĺŽУ·ʲô˺ҧƴˮǵĺˮȾĺ죬һδˮд߼ֳɭɭ׹ǣʮɫĹ㸽׺ݵĿüԶܿļ
Щµūͨˣļֳ棬ŵ̱һҲֱ߲еĵù߳׳ȥ·ū죬һǱӣţȥι㣬Ҳߣ˽̾Ҫһ񣬲ȻֻйƳغ·
ɫū֣ǲΡΡţ·ūһ㳡Ѿ˽Сկˡ
ÿ궼µū룬󲿷ɽֱӻΪλϸĶһЩò毺õģнڽ̷̣ͬϲרǵ΢ūܹȾָ
ֱɸѡڽ̵ūһī̵ˮأϴºһһŮڽ̵Ѫ̴죬Խصȥ
ŹؿУԽ޴ΡʯչǰŨ밵ϵĻڵʢʱûŴɫĳߣҶӣɫ۶йˡ
ŮѪͽϳλҲѪԸߡ٣бľᣬŽأͲȹϲŻȻĶȫǽǵأ빧Դ˺Ҳη壬ʥԡͲᱻҧ
йҰһƬޱȵĹ㳡Ժɫʯ̳һ׳Ρ̨̨һʯɵӸ£϶յ̨һʮɵѪͶ׶Ȼ˶ĺ챦ʯǶɡ
ŮѪϵĹݣŵĄ̊́Ҳ֮·񡣡
һƹʯһԻɫ̨ߣūָһ޲ɫұ䣬Щ̲סŻ
·һİأɫ߳ЫϣЩڻ˺ҧЩڿʳɢĸõ֫塣ЩѰɽҰĸ󣬿ȥΪײУصװ׹¾ɽ֪û˶ԩ꣬ɢϢ
Ϊ壬ū־ŮѪв̤³Ƴأҧ֮
ͻȻһ޴Ѫ̵ĻһŮūĿ޽ߵĹƣߣҵ꣬ԭѾ߳ˣ
Ůūҵʧſޣ˳Ŀ⿴ȥصһöɫĹƣҵİ׹ǺͳճҺϡɱ棬˵ϵ
ѪüͷһݺһǶŮūϣöԷЩʡʲôʲôطݵŽУٲһȥȻأһ𡣡
Ůū˸ҷŮѪ̶һԵūȣӽΰһӣٲ¾ȥ̶ҩˡ
һūۿŷµıߣҳһüĿᴽŮūսսϢŭǾΥ̵Ļ
ŮѪŭЪɨһۣưٶȿڣ㵹Ǹģʲô֡
Ůūߵף㡣
ŮѪ̼̬˳һǳէλ͵ģЩܻþãһὫǷȥ˽ۣĴߣΥطˣ
ūĸҲӦԽ飬ŮѪ̻˻ͣߵŮӣѪˣ㣬˵öԸֽҲڿ죬տʼܷҺһ
ŮѪĿһۣߵŮȻµõͷɫݣҲǸˣϧ𪣬ڴɹ¡
ѪһӳȥŮֱֻۣʹڴźϣȴܷƵ
㱻ŵɫףһһūĿ¶ǣֲ
Ѫ̼ȻǸưͣưʲôã͵˻ƴǱˡ
ŮѪбһۣ֪ԷǸƯưͣģŽˣһ˵ȱˣȷȥɨưܸɻҲ޷ʵڴдá
ڵһ§ãһ

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ԽϰΪݣе¥ɾ£Ĳ֮ߣɴͭ壬סˬˡЩưܣūȻõԶ¸ʮ˼һ䣬ζǻǡ
߳͸ϤӰ㣬ߵɨˣ
ȶԷͷЪһһ㻹Ҫȥ£ǧҪߣ֪𣿡
Ůֵ˵ͷ˳ĽϢŷġ
ȷʵ㣬ȴǰһ
ñΪ̵Ĺūһ˾ɥ޿κΡΥһ̾ٲܻط䣬ڹû뵽Ȼէŵ¼ˣͬڴһ˽ˡ
ݵūӣһܵ𷣣һ̶ŭӶǣ
һ̻̲գϪϼһĹǱկﲻСʧˮϪײͷʲôˡǸưͣӰѱ˽һᣬ㡣
깱ˣ֮⣬һǰգС浽󣬵Ȼ˵ơľս˽̣˵˷ɵһŮҪö࣬ӲǷǣΪο
ﴦЫҲͲپ£ʳࡣȻҲѪ裬ɣܱū΢ùֻҪСģʲôƽĶգġ
һʱգڽ̵ĵȼЩūѪ̣ʮλǽŮӣչʽһŮһӡŮѪͷ̥ΪʥŮĿǰеһ󻤷öȣ˵鲻һһδ
⴫صĽŲһ׳ͰˮһԺڵˮףסǸ˵˲㵣ԼĻæ
󣬼ͰˮʲôһºΪ⣬һֱĽ㣬˼ЦϲεЩʾãƳһ𣿡
㵱ȻʲôĴһ䡣
ռɫ죬˱ȭͷҪǲԣ
Ǹçûһ£뿪йϣȷҲҾ˼ſͰȥˡ
㱾ΪӾȥ˭֪һͻȻ⡣
Ѫ̷һƫ޼ԣż򵥣ΪѣһҪ޳ֻΣһҪܹûĸ඾ʱҲˣ̧ͷȻԶһŮ
˸ߴӢ䣬಼ͷȥͦν׳˶ŷ䣬һֻԲ̱ʯϵųޡ
Ůᣬȶˣ֯ˮ߰ϵⱦͬޡ
ƺΪңҪӵסŮӣȴһȭţ˿յüֲһ֣ΪдŰģԹ۵˶ˣŮȴݣָı߳˼䣬תߣɲɳķ
ȻᣬŮһϣնˣʲ䣬Ҷ˳żȻһСͷգƽǧȫĹΣʲô
Ůӽһʲôһ֪ͷɽҲĲɻһӡ
ֻŮūЦˣҲɱ˻ҪΡ˵Ժ岻˼ˣҲһĸ˲ҪΩ㣬ַԺٲͱŮ㻹ʲô
Ůӽ̧򥣬⻰ҵö䶼˼룬ĵĽŮˣѵҲˣҲȥһЦó
˿ʵҲŭлĸ˱ҸɫǸ϶ҲҪ֣㻹˭
ŮҧЦͣЩū㵱鱦ҰƲϣֻһˣ
˳òɿ㺧ûɢ
һʱ񣬵뵽˵ݣ޲ýԼ⡣²ӺҲ֪ԣеλ߲ⱦ󻤷֮һŮᣬԻ޾⣬ӺʥŮ仹˭
ڲȻͷЦһͬʱסˣܵͣס㣬ʱĿ¶֮ɫü
һߴһĻɣ㲻֪ŮͷǧҪԶЩôʱٶ䷢ҲãʹһҽҲֻϼţα˷ʱ䡣
ᣡһ֪˭ʱûʲô
Ʈһ꣬Ҳ˯ˡ
һȻһһԹߣ˾ǲ죬ֲ÷߷ߺȫתϡ
Цһòȴһ䵭Ķ񶾣Ұ׵ļգһŮūҪ㣬͵˯һǧҲãαػȥ
˰ּɣҲ˵Ĳֲ˺ãֺαµŮ˶ǡ
Ҳ䣬Ȼһѽ˦ڼϴ󲽶ȥ
޺һ۳ɵıӰͷᣬֵ¶һͽɫҿ̫ˣôƫĵطܳϻ
ںԭ㻰˵ȴߣŮ˹Ȼǿķǡ
šһ£͸ݺݵζҪܣʲô
̵ϳʲôǼһ͸ˣֻҡβһϷǺĽ
ؿĵ۲ȻɭˢһǱӹ˺һ½󣬡żѪ֣Ҫǳ˻ƻ㣬类죬ȥȰɡ

˫死

һ˼ĲеһΣǰ仹ǳɡᣬȫδϡ԰ȴ޷ŵľ䣬ӱūշתϢȥסӷѰңһ
뵽ϵļ˱˸߸ϵĻȫľԺ˰Σ㵽㣬ԵŮ̲סΪʲô㣡ΪʲôôƯ󣬳ɴ˿еͺˣ
ŮڵĿʹʼղ㷴ӦռɶԷưͣǸӡ
ŮūԺֵһۣĿŮϡ㣿
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Ůū׷ʵòͷǴɳɴ˳ңѪ̣Ȼס
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ܰԵЩʧ̬εѪͬϣŮūǵ׻Ӧˡ
ټ㣬ռϲ֮ڣƽĴŮѾˡ
ᵽ˳ڵʯ󷽣ֵһݣһܵʱ̡ĳ߸𣬷ٻʻΪΣĵӽ׽ۣǰΣʮָȾޢʢĻ⽿
죬һʱãȻ㿴ȻָʹŮūҲǱ΢˳ˣ
лл԰лԼǰ̬ԵΪԶ
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һЦݣɴ˶Һܺá
ľ˰Σ˼л˵ʲôĻɥĴȥˡ
㽫㰲Լľڣ̵ŮūˣȻһ㰲
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֪ھȣ⿪أһֻ˶޵̾ļϣӼϱۣ۵飬㰮ϧĸԼ壬ɴϲ࣬ҹŮ˶С
ŮĿͣ̾Ϣ̵ʱȻʹˣֲܶƽƢܲڰˡ
·䣬йض࣬㲻ʳ͹㲻˵Ҫڵߣʲô
ͷһ仨ڶϣЦ
ܵļֳͭɫɽýƵ޷·ҪԾ·δѣҰַйﶯ
ⱾһѪĴԣɺȻ£³ŮūĻϯأ޽ɡϣ弫ӭó㣬ȻĶͣˡ
һֲ˴ƽԽԽԳ죬ƤһֲңÿһӲľګ·ε߲ٿصľż
ڿԷݣ̲סµļֻľȻ۽ѿȴѪδȫƻˡ
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㻨ʧɫˡ
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һӱ޺ջˣһ1㣬ԱǸ˲ĶɽһۿҩתͷնһѪסųһУ·ܳҰ֡
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һϳŮūǸɴ̰˼죬͵ҲԼݡ
һŮūɻһֱĽʥŮôͷ
곤ŮūȻ֪࣬ʱǵʥŮʼɣ˵ǰЩִɱū롣
ŮūȻ˵ⲻ˼죬ʥŮת⣬ĻĻᡣ
곤Ůūһɲǣʵ׽ɴ˾͵ڵʥŮûк³˭֪ôʱͱӽƳء
ŮūֻǴ˯ţĻֵ
곤ŮūǸưһŪһԻˣҲưͳڣǴƵϵġ
񶾵Ļ׹ߣһ㤿֡ΪԼ˵ĵ˳谮ʢ˵ѪҲΪΨΨŵŵĹ˭֪˽׾ĶһƬż£ЩվסټȫһŶססҡҡ׹壬ǿԼȥ㣬һǴȴµΨһĵˡ
ƫƫ㲻ڣյһ㳹ױĽкȥѰ·ūѯʣòκõĻشЪ˹ݺݵĳūĶ⣬зŭͿ־巢йһӡ
Ůūҷ㿴ŶԷųη壬һֺݶĿ⡣Ȼ⻹˼Ц䳰ŭûǣʹˢͷĳȥҪ˵Ѫϴˢܵĳ衣
Ȼ˱סˢ˫ֱϸ΢ڣϤŮȴдδȫȻ
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㱻ڣȻĵıŤ·ϵһж˳СִҧֱúϣŮҲûаֻǰ§
㽥ߣવĿƯ۾ˣҲڿкľֳһֵ̿ĴŮ̲ס״εߡ
㣬Һú£ɴ˸ң˾ͻȥι߳档
ǶڿЦʲôʱ
ҵĽźʹ˺þãȻҺͿµʬһ𡣡
ʥŮҽһūһĲֵ
ΪЩϲԭȫǼٵģһЦΣ㣬񲻳ҵ顣
㣬Ҹô졣
ûлشһţʲôҲûϾҲǽʪϴӺ㣬ҳҩͿҶƵСȡ
Լ΢ˣ·һֳĬɢȥ˿ﲻֻʣɥ㣬ҺկȥһҲңҲȥˡ



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Ȼյ·ӡ
ְֺ޵İףֱͦտԵĳ
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һһθͦˣһصߣȫסݡԽʪȣǶšȴͷһϮĺ¡Ψһ¶ĶֳһֺĲ԰ף쳣䡣
˵һ˵ɣ١
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Цһȥ򲻶ִӲ֪ˣǳ˻ƴзӣ˭Ѱõ㡣
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ʾԽѿλֻſʲôУǲǿδأͽԼˡ
̹ؼ𱰲⣬һǳҲɫ䣬չڼģƽˮһ׮Ϊʲô˼ƲңҾͱԶһЩѵҲ㡣
䱻һϻҲԼʧԣһٳȥк棬Ӳǿ˻
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ŭһģɸһҲЩ᲻ٶڣ¿ɴ£ԭΣв۵Ӹ
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⵹һ⣬һԭԼңȻӻϡϧ̣˭¹ϡ
һƣ׳ū̧һ̴ľǰȥϵϲҫĿ
һ߹ߣɵĺǰͨӣźأ˫չʮ㣬̬ӵķ㿰Ϊ
Խʢͱʯȴټ»Իͣ䣬ʱΪС䲻һαĵð޹⡣
Ҳסˣһ࣬ķסѿڣüһаٽ
ߵĳ˻ע˰Σһοڣֽ䣬˷㤣ԭ̫ͻȻ
俴ԣ̲ס޵̫ˣȻǺĽ̵֮
翴ˣӦȵö֮࣬һλԭ˵Ϊ˱ʾ͹һӦٵϡ
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ɵĻﲻ˵أʵ˶λʹ׽ã̶ܡ
ӽ̧ۣȻˣ̾ͿԵõ
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ȻģȵˣһկӰãһ׷ɱĹŵǡ
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һ齾ԭ˹ȻСų
˻ƲΪƽɣԭ˽թʲôı
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䱾ԳԹ̴棬⼸䣬ĳ˻ƻǸΪ˳һЩﲨһۣӣ̲̣ƽֽΡ
ƼģԽ˵ĵ⣬ƸʢһͲɽһԺ벻ӣϲŪҩˣ󲻵˽ϸϸĲ飬ӽ̶ɿܣҲĵ
ɵ˵ͷ˵ټҲǵĵͷϣҲˡ
˻ƼѶٶԣһȥ
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һԴԵҩԣŸҩݣŰɫ٣һϸСĶ壬ÿһߺ顣
԰;صһӲҩˣõļϲߵ㣬ľګִ򵥵
ҩԲ෽һݣʮþ˵͸ľǣ洫ɳ죬·ʲôڶݽǵϢٵūеɹҩģ˻йֵ̿Ĺӭӡ
˻Ƹᣬֱʯ
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˻ȫȻӰ죬⶯أĴӽҺгһˣֻЩ˼⼫׳ľȻʧȥĿܡ
ָһ̧һ񾢱ųһ˵ơ˵̧ͷĿ飬Ŀɢ˿ڲѪһۻӹ˻һյһƻڵϣשʱ
ȵڶ˻βһתٶȱǣУѪɫҺûһС
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ȤĻƽԭ͵ģ
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Ϻ⣬ͰһûӣһԴ
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˻αȥƾĿֺ࣬кѡ
һŪе󣬺ߵΪ̫ƲϣοҲƲҡ
˻ƵһҲûٳ
ҺͬһһԭūѪƽ׾ͱ˼Ҫǰ㻤ңˡԼЩ죬ὫëŰö֮˻⣬˻ƣɺɶҰģأڰĻ̶ʲôҲ֣µͷú
˻ƴϻһ׳򼣬һöԲЫޣЫڲɱǴòŸϹӣĬһԲ



ɳ谮˥µø졣
밢˼ֳˣһɰŮūת۽Ժ
ų§³֣ľ֪Լûʸ񼵶ԣΨĬĬԹޣЩʱϹϾѪȻʼ泰ԼУ
ɫȴӲáΧȺֳ⣬޴Ӵ࣬ۿѡһӣųأ·߽
˻ԳΣǫܵõЩϧȻɽɨһۣķԸ̣С»ңһҩ
ȫˣŵǸȥˣѪһЦһŮūĸƾӹΣʥŮˣ˭ҲûʸΪɴӡ
㱻ӻʱѾãǿȥĺҩһѵøʹʣͲȹѪܱеѪʧˡ
·ΪȥѪ۵ȹӣˮ壬ÿʶƮؿھһů룬ͱ壬ûһĻԡ
ڽһʮĴڡ
ǽӣȴһūѪͳԵ̳Уһ̱顣Ѫ̺ͳǰ󣬳ɲδУڳ˻Ҳǡ
˻ĽߣҲǱߣ˼˾һְʱ䶼̶
̶мĵλ̶еĺ콬䣬ʯ϶֮Чʮءǿ̽磬ҲҩʬǿޱȵĿܡڳ̣Ϊͣ˵ǰһη˴ѣʱĽƳ̶һ֧ܴɨˣһͳԽĻԻ͡
˵꼻һ֣ѶϾΪֹūȻҪ̶Ľǿǣһüء˻ܹˣ˼˾һְϢ㿪ʼƫоܣֻһЩжٻҩˣ˽ʱɳЦ
˻ҩԣ԰ҩģһѪջʱ򣬵ֱԤƵʮ꣬һⷢѪ԰жꡣ
ֹֻѪЧȻζжϲżȻʳҲһֿܡ
˻վϢŭ
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˻ƻŴĲиѪϵĺܸɾΧҲûпĲмӦǱˡ
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Ҳ֪˭˻ƴӲ˵ЦˣǳɣҲϢĴȡ
ỷһܣΪȻƲûʲôã˭Ứô󹦷͵ӻô
˻Ĭȡһֻīɫƿӣһָֻ״Сĳ棬͸ĳӵü죬ÿ죬һ˻ָѪиȻ˳ȥ
˻һȥϥǶ䣬༫Ṧߺףƺÿ˻ƿ죬ۿڸ֮䴩УԽ˦ԽԶȻ˻ڹƳرվסˡ
һɳڳ˻ľȻųصףҺճԼɼҧѪ١
һ̲סЦˣѵеĳ߳ɾˣȥεġ
˻ƵϢԽ壬ĺһۣһ˦佫ɳ˻ȥ
㲻壬תת飬ж˼Ȥζ˴󵨵ڳ˻Ƥ͵㵽ܱ׷٣öѪƳԻϢ¡ͷһء
ɵݣۡ
ʧѪЩһĨλ꣬ÿΪԼнȥһȵůΪϣǼһ
ֿµ̣Ψư᲻벻飬־彥գȻʱʧأһ˶ʱЦʱޣϿʹƢֱߵĶƺԶᷢŭʼճĬİ
ֱһ찢ҹűߣ۾ͺˡ״ε˵˺֪ܶ࣬Ժ˥óòѣѪ׼ȥˣȫӲ
ûҩȥѰ˰գɰսһūٵҲ󲻶߲ȵ͵Ѫֻ̣顣˵Щտļ࣬˲ɵĨһᣬѹң㣬Ѫѹ̫࣬Ҫ
ʲôҲ˵۾ڲѰ㡣
տ͵㱻ȥɨˣ⼸æĺܣԭʹ̳ݣԭСȥ
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ڲʶȤ߶˵Щԭ˾η̣һ𴿽ĺаôߣɣһᱻϹۡǻ䱦ɴʱ˶Ҫȥ̨ԭ̵֪
ķתᡣ
ھ쵽ĵִһĨᣬ㣬֪ﲻãǶūôɴ谮ǸŮū첻֪ôŭʥŮ黨ȥ򲶴ɨ򲶴ֵطȥģζۼվˣ˵ʬѪһ㣬ʧ˳衣
鲻ԽĴ˸䣬˵Щʲôȫδȥǰһ὿ڳֺת˲Ѫ졣

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ĵλһǧɣҲ࣬ǿܱеĶͽʣӵݡ
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ȻоԶȻ˵ȴһֻҰԱľͷҲԻȥ£ĸɲԽԽߣһɫ㣬ȥ·ɣ˵Ҫȥ̨˻ᱻ𷣡
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ǿźţŻ죬߳ɧԽ϶صĽӭؿͣѵȺӺ̨ɽڣǧĽѻȸ
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ڹ㳡ߵһôϣһС
Է̬ƾԵˡ
䵱ԷΣݻ˿Уɶ칤Ľ˶ܵ˳˾֪ԭδ뵽һĹоЯı
һۿѾĿƮȫǳɳԽӦȥɱɫĵһҪ
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Ȼ֣ҲȰɹűܲ嶾棬һ䣬˴͵ʲô
˻ƳĬˣڶۿ䣬ӯɢɱ



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껰ţԭ˽ܵ飬Ҹɫˡ
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使⣬ɫǱ̵Ĺͣ˭Ҳٶָͷɷ㲻Ҵȥתһתһ
ܣʥŮĺ⣬ʮָмȻпŶ˵ĵϰ˾¥һаʣơ
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ɫԶ·ҲԽˣֻЩ㡣
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һ꺬Цһۣûнӻ
·пʲôӯӯЦˣͷá
ȥ¥ָ˰úĵȻĺɫԶɢ
ƻգһֻɶɵſǿĳּббӹ

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Խһ翪ţ󵨣Ů֮ƽ
ȻѪ̹Ͽᣬ˽¹ϣΨ½⣬ҹ޽ɡƽѹֵúˣһҹڴŮŮﶯ
ĺɫͭص죬ɽͷǧϰٵķƺȼ裬˴̨µĹ㳡˸߸ߵǧܡ
ŶԽµӣŹͲȹŮӣӱ΢ūнѳԵͰù׷ױ˿񻶵賡
Ȥȱȱ㻻һȹѣ硣˸䣬ΪҲ潫Ů˽á
ͷڶʢ̳ɷٷ˶Ưִժɽ衣㲻ǵ½Ҫʲô
Ȼҡҡͷ
ϣһҹŮףгɴ˵Ĵ࣬ûӸմˣȴͬ˭˳Կͬãʲô˼ɡ
ü֣Ȼֺ졣
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վһȦΪϧϸֽҲƤһ㣬ֻ˵ͺˡüӦòǴӣɻǵǰ˭
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Ҳ޷ҹѰһṈ̀ѵԭҲ룬˵ԶЩĪҪùͷܹѵҪö࣬ʰۺУͿһۣػϲ
˵˼⣬һƽյѱ˳ִⲻ˷ۡ
㼸ȳʧܣֺЦôϴ磬һûϣɱڡ
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׼׵߳ݡ
Ѿڳĺϣ«봵ŵԶõϢ
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Ԫһ㺹죬ȥ
һͷǸ߸ߵǧܣһŮվ̤ϣһһµüߣ̼Ŀҵעӣһ󻶺
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ļ¿ڣʽżӦǰվЩϲҲ󻶣ȥȫ
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˸ְ̧ǰƣʲôһһҹ˾Ҫһ꣬㿴ǱвѾɶԡ
û˵꣬㵽⣬һۣٴ߱ƣȻȺˡ
׷ȥѾѰţöΣ޿κεһ֡
ޱȣ˷ܵŮ˵ĵЦҴҶеƼһҪӽȴֲˡ
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յȾź͸ҳһš



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ףһһңԭĿˣ·һڳϣÿһϯİϰ˿Ұɽ䡣
ʮ˸ŮԽе裬һɫĻļ1¶е޶󵨡ʱã𣬽ףĨ͵ļֳԭʼ
ױģʱϼԭĹ˵ϼ䣬ִǡôΪã⵭࣬ҲٿԭˣֻżɨȥԴ
̬Ⱥͻһ߹裬һԭĹһЩɢĻ⡣
һ깫ӲֵĽ죬˻ƴΪβ롣
δش𣬳ѾЦ˻ǼһŮˣֻϲѻҩˣֳȻ
ЦľٱʵΣ˻⣬Խľƣӿɻùߣ
ԽŮˮ󾢼󣬾ƱţƳɣһȥѰܲס
깫ӻصþƣϧǳ޷
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ԱϣƣһòŮ衣
յž⻰ҲҲǸˣ¥һŮūҪĪǺͳ˻һŮ˸ûȤ
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깫Ӳɴ˵Цˣ;磬Ļ顣
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һ䰵ɱĻﱻ깫Ȼܹɴ˵Цˣҹˣѡ»ۡ
ɶپźЦҪԼ깫ӻһתȻɴ˺⣬ʢȴһλǡ
ԱϣӿȡһֻɫСָһͣС
̨ѡ֮ˣҹҹޣ˾Ρ
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ĬһɢߣڼʱڸȾˣǾȵķԶĺ̨˽һȺˡ
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һƬУǧһһκηԸϤѱ̬ӭ⽵ٵףû˸ڳĬĽɻɫ
˷ߵĿ׷һֻɫС
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ĿһƬžŮūǿ̧ͷ
Ȼɫһľͼ֣ǹڽţĶϸ΢ĳް븲˫ͫ·𲻸ӡ
䲻棬пɣ̫ѿһ
һԳЦһգȻǴͲܣϵ
ǵӣ깫ӲδӦͣ΢΢һЦԽ˸̬һЩȴҲз顣
ȻԷ̬ȣҲٶ˵ڷԸŮūҹ̷ͣһϸùͲ죬𡣡
Ůūļһ£ĬĴͷ
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ʵ̲סЦȻָ˸ưͣȻȤĺܡ
깫ҲգЦЦ޷Ҳпȡ֮
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ٴεסĿֶ񶾣֪֪ԽԽ̲ס㡢㡢㡣
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ʹüΪηŭͿҩԴϣ㾿Ϊζ

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ոûлشժϵĲ軨档ȷҶ
ʶĿ׽ƿǰ˵ԽһʥݣҶ磬䶾ޱȣ֮Բʮ״ݲ봫˵Ҷһģһ
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ڶգɰһ磬ص롣
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ͮ˰ڣں˺һڳţתΪ
ƤѱãðѬӬԶܣȫȻްҹԽԽǢ̬·𱻾ȫۿҪǵļ磬ȻȻһִյľƱ
ʢıյݹҪӣȻһɫС߻ӭ࣬һʧЩ׹˾ƺ
ͷһһָ˻ȥĪ£ҧġ
һţ컵նʱˣǾδ¶֮ɫĿڣߣˣ
仹治ԸĿݵĹӣǱ̵ʥߣԣֻ˵ĺˡ
ƺȻ˼֣ЩŽɣԭʥߣôѰĲ̫һ
ѰôʥϣǺȻͬʾСٳɫ˰׵һ˫Ѫء
Ŀעӣ޵Ȼ࣬Ȼй֮
ҰޣҲʮ֮һ
ָһСٿȻһֻںʳȻ˲ڵ棬ĳ鴤
ʥ߼죬ͻϮ磬һҧУǱˡֽ̧ѹСջأݴȻ⡣
ȻסˣΪ˵ԽԽѱ侹Ȼ˳ˡ
䱻ĻϲʥΨн̳ʸԦʹҴС飬ֻͨҪ࣬ٶҲ¡
ٲ䣬䷼Ĵã࣬³ҪԭһЩȻɽϴ
÷һ㣬̤¶ѾѭƤֱǰһȴʢŭĳɣ䣡
δ뵽կѰĳͻȻطõϢֱ˶ɲһ
Сʲô
䱾Щ飬һ²̨ԽҴ;أ
һŭ㣬ԭ;ˣСӡ
ǰýݱɫ˵˵ˣЩŮūô£ƾʲôң
ɵԳΣҲûɱŮūóƽ
ۿҪ֣һٿĴӳڵϰǽоӭĹͣܺЩūᲢۣҶݹҺ㷭
˫ѪˣϸСָȴҲӲ䣬ˣҪ
Ȼŭͷ壬һ˲סжֽ㲻Ҳǿɷʲô
ʱƣ¼ֻЦȻˣҲ˻Ҳˣʲôҹ
ЩóɵջǰӲ˭˵ҪԺҼлתľͻȥţҽҹ鲻顣
ױߣ˿ڣƽɽܣʥŮУΪл֮ȥ
֪ҹɱزȥپȥѿΨѹ˻תǡ
ڣȻ֪ʶȤֻɻУڴ˵羰Իط
⣬ԽӲᣬγһԻ񣬳ͻƵ˷Ϊֻ䣬ǣڳɵĴߴȥˡ
ȫɵĶɫĺĿ͡
ɽ·תʧһգȻһЦɽˮ֣Ψʣͬͣ¡



Ӱڽ£Щӡ
̧ǣƤ¡
ϧӲδЯһֻȻˣҹһաǽùһԣһЩδĹϹǳһЦô˵ѵһˣһҴѸɺá
سʼƲȥſͷң֪ӦԲźãͣһ˲ЩΪˡ
һίߵ׻ʲôȻյϵĸĭ˼ǵһ׮ֻѪߣƺƵļأ˵Ҷ棬Է֮ˣҪҵĶֻ²ڰС
һ
˵̵ĽﻤһСֶΣһ˳ջСȻʥݷʥߣѪ̶Ҷӿ֪ϵĽǲˡǳһ˲΢СЩⶫɶɵٶּ죬˳֮Ҳδؾȵˡ
˵ʲôΨе̡㻹ԶЩǵóɺϻΣգһ㡪ǲá
ǵұᱡȥǴһ鱭ЦЦ˵ҲǸˣ飬ҪͶͱҲһ׮¡
㲻ϲ
Ͽ÷һ˫ʼղǳЦоǽܣҲΨаڿգȫȻ졣
ͣһ˲һЦ˵ôˣΪƫƫϲһġ
һֱϲȻһƬ
ΪζȥϷʵĵɫΪһɵӿҪˣ޶ᣬҷ˶˼ѧЦѧ׽
ķ·һɰӣ̴ʹ
ǵᣬһ΢磬˵᲻һɵӣǲǸ
ĺЩɬΪ˸õġ
ࣿȷǴЦЦƵϧҲ뵱ӣȻҲҪ
ĬĬ۾ԽԽԣ٣ͷȻ׷ĵյأʱΣΪʲô˵
üһΣֻҪ诣ұһĲֵ
һ£˵ʲôζ˳
ҪڣҰкЩ
̲һƬѩȾƬ£⻪ԽԽĲݵҲʼ仯һɢĻ䡣
ŶصĹ⣬ǻɣӳҰ
һ֣ǻǧԭ䲢δ˵ѣ˵ؾȻ澰
ؾ˶쾰ˡ
ȾͫӳӨӵ컨һԵãժһݹȥ˵Խ¶滨һҹʢţۼΨԵ˵üˡ
ָӨȻ͸Żһſ˫գҲûض롣
ļ쳣ᡣ
еĿ仯ɫջ󣬡ʲô
ʲôͻȻȴһУȥ鳤˵ڣʦΨһϣһԶɿա
̰ɣ̫ΣայĽһ䣬һᾡԭȥ㡣
Ǵһ½ޣٱһڣתᳰˣȻҶڰУ̽һ
ϢͻȻɢˣһګګ򲶴̶صֻܷ󡣡
˵ԹԵ˼һ
̲סڰнбȽϺʣ˳ɣˡ
ἥʧ£
̵ķֳˣϣ£ⱾԼ£ǣ㡣
̾һ˱գҪľǰģͻԽԽá
һ˲䷴Ӧ
һӣԺе۲ߣһһ֪㵱ǸϼһΪνӭյַˣпܴ
ӽǷ𣬡㿴⼸˭Ѳ
һֱڹ۲죬ѷ˼书ƽΪ֣ƺöĻ˾磬Ϊˣм˺ӲɵĶЩ鷳ȴа飬ֻܿڳ˻ơ
ĺϸ˻Σ
һʵ֪̫٣˻׽һжϲ
ҲǳƬ̣ǰ˼ԨѪ̵Ĵžռ˵ǿ棬˵֮ܽԦޣ֮δؾԣɺͳ˻ƶ˭Ӯ
һ󣬡Ҿǳ˻ƣ̫ز¶
׳һ⣬˽٣
˹ע࣬ܳ˻Ʊڽеĵλ΢ܵܣʲô˻
ɫһȷ
üԶһƳӦòһͷ
ǿΣֱе㲻ڣŵ˻صܣȻѰ϶룬Ȼˣʡࡣ
Ļƺ˶Բߣɻ󣬡뵽ʲôô
ҶǽҲȡڵֺȻ̡ûشصһЦ־أǿ֮ߡ
˹⡣ϲߣ
ȥȫȻͬΨһ˫īͫһһӯ֣ǺһЦ֪ҡ
ͻʶһ
Ҳߴ٣価£ϾūͣŲĿռޣΪֲͬ˵°빦
ԣһ£ĪЩί
ǺȻǣѪ̵Ľչضδ߻ħʡʥŮʮλԼа꣬Щض
ָ֪Ȼƽˣ̧
˵ȥλУһķְǳɣһǿƿأǳɿڼλɻ飬ºӣһɵĵλ͵ͬڽԶԶˡԼĴҲܲԸƣȼλλֻɣ˻ıˣܲɼɣɣֵ̫ȥɿ⡣
޹֮䲨ʱʱԶ񣬡ȷʵ󣬿Ҳûʲôܹ谭
һ߽ͣɫסɾּľ棬ʸϣλΣɴʱѾŰ裬ȴȨɾͳ֮⡣˿̴ãݵóԽԴһҲڴ˻Ƶ⡣
׽֮ϵ˻ʲô³ƴ󣿡
˻Ʊ߶վƫ˵˻ѣû뵽ģ쳣ƺҲ˼һƽʱӣѰܻ䣬˻ãԵʮֿɣϵݣ¾ԲС
˼ɷʲô跨ЮƳ˻ƣ
ͷ΢΢һЦȻֲ֪ʱ׾סϢŸľ㣬Υľˡ
˺һᣬԷſǳģڻȡϷѹһֻǧ͹һ־ͷöһźá
䱻ǵɢңӻȻβŵչ
ٶòģૣ˵ĲȰѻ˻ƵжҪ
ҹΣӰӵǧʢ컨裬·һƬǳ޺



˻Ƶĵҩ˶ˣڷԽܣЫǽرڽ̾ᣬῴöЩġ
պһ˱ǵҩϳһֹϣöʳָָζŶѪ󵽥ˣڸĽʹԼ˵Ҫã
˻Ʒ¿룬󵻻һֻζԻָ糣
⵽ʲôѹסķÿ귢һΣ͵͵Ľ⣬κ֪Ϊʲô
˻ƳĬ
һεò𰸣ӿһִ롣˻Ӷҩָǰոɾ˳ȥ
˻ƻҩʣе
֪ҲãŭƬ̺૵˰ˣȥȫȤ
˻Ƶͣһ˲ĮȻʲôһŷһأڽ䲻簢䣬ҲܹЩɱūΡ
δūۣһʱЦãҺūʲôҸһģǽʥߣǰ˺ޱȣȴֻӶЦ˶˻Ҫ͵͵
˻ĬһԭʵʮӣܼλֻһеĲܳ裬ΪȻܣȴƾ˻ʵۣ˭˵Ķ
һ˵ɶ˰Σߵ㣿ɱ˼ٳġ
˻תǰᣬΪ̫Զһ˵©Ѱ·񡪡
סѵˣ
˻ƳĬƬ̣ƵϻǲµһЩʲôҪλˣ಻סˡ
᲻ԣµʲôҪɲãҵſϷ
˻ƼѰξҩ۹һôùȻҪˮһЩ
㤣ʹˡʲôҲȥ
㴰ֻѪЫݴѳⶫ˻Ƶʯӻȡһö׶εĹΣĥ÷ס
ϷȥĿüͷ𣬡ϵĴΣ
˻ҵʲôȥ磬ϼһȦףϴ֣ת˸飬ΪľһǱ̽顪ͣһ˲ֵֻѾ˲
ᱻ˵ͿˣҪʲôҵĲʲôΣ
˻ƾĬ˺ܾòŵ㣬ҡ
붮˼ʲô֣ȥԸɺͰ䣬ȴ㣬ӳ
˻ûٻش𣬿͸ʲô顣
¥̷ԭӣϴ̺£ȻѰһľϲգ
յ࣬αȴǰΪ׳㻽ԣ˲ſڣ㣬ǰһҳ˳ɴ˵ūɨֻ˷Ը¡
Ǿģ֪ͻļδǸϲǣֲö˵⵹ǲıˡ
΢ͷȥһ˳˻ƴ̶Ĵ壬ʹࡣ
Űɵ̽һ£ձۼ𣬴ȥӲһ㡣
ϸָһ˿İϲ˵Ǻף֮ڿһȭһŸ㿴
Ͻֹסö˶˵ĴʲôҲʲôط
һ˰գһ£㣬ɴ֪ǸԭÿյٶҪȫ˽´ˡ
㾪סˣʱһ󷢼¡
տһΧѹԺɨ¥̷ֻܽúã˻Ҫȥ
ɫףǿЦЦ̽õʲô
ΪԹˣʱ˼㣬ĪҪԻ̵ˣҪɴ˵ֻ·һ
֪⣬һҭ㶮ʲôֻһ¥ţƽҲûʲôͷ㶼ҼĴࡣ
ֱԽİվò⣬ϲҪޣѵ˵
գòͣǸϲûΡ
ƯôܲϲտŰɣ˰ԼͷȥֺһЩҪʲôϢҲûУɴ˱Ȼգʱ򡪡
û˵꣬¶ɫ۰Ͱ͵
߰գĵѹһʯͷ׹ֳ
ֲɵȻΥҪӽλӣʥŮǺǵġɴ˿ɲڹǰһֻصϡ
˼ȻʼĽ㡣㲻𼵶ʣǸưͣ˭ҲָϢȻԼͷϣٲԸҲҲ㲻
˼գʢõķˣ㣬һȥ
ͣһ£ȡ̣Ȼߵ¥ݿڣͱסˡ
ŬЦգҪڱضϡͣ㡣
˼ãΨεá
ƻ裬ڻʳԭӴ¥ɢӲͷƤԷƺûԵĲãȻǫķУʪƣҹ˯ΣҪΪӴȣ
ŵӾһ˲Ȼ΢Ц˼ϸҲȷʵмȡ
ͷһϲȴǳɴ˳ҹͣδ⹼˴˵⣬Ǹưɡ
˫Цĳ㳹ˡ



һ죬еŮūȥ
ᷢʱʧֳʹʥŮūȥӣÿϢֱѪȰ˰Σɶ֮ŮūǲŸռѵٺ֬ƿ
˶̷֪ҪСġ
ǳɴ˽ʵڲ̫ʥŮȻЦƽȻȶԷȥܻ֮һЩС´ƢԼԼҲʵ巳ȻɻһկʮյѲӣ׷ʥŮϴϣùʳͨɻѾһϤأϻ̳ϿֵĽʥŮ˳ȥ
ʥŮһߣеջ֣ūԴһȻ˵Ͼ껹ڡǵѪ֮ףȻʥŮ߷꣬һ㼫ףνƢ㣬ܾǧ㽿裬ñŭ
мλ߸и顣ƢҲ󣬽гʥŮ˸ǣԸ򵥣ūֻҪе÷ѣԲõū̾Ƕ˻ƢŹ̷֣ʥŮΪѲ࣬жõŮūŮūּһ˳ľ״
ҲΪ˵䣬ԺɫӼ߰ߣÿһڣǿ˷µŮū͸ݣҲûȤ
ɴΪͷūͶ𱸣ǴȺ͵ЦЦµѡŮū滻֮Ի̤ΪŮūȥ򲶴ȱСģʱ䳤ˣһʧ󣬱ƤȻѪ̣ʯճˡ
ߺĵڶգϰԵع⽫ʱ̷ԾױôЩ꣬ͷһ㳤õĿԼüĿ㣬⻬δѮ۽ѾơϧĸŹӣЦһЦ׹һᡣ
ѪϽկٸȫӣνнѲμ˵Ĵկʹˣ۾ӵկԶתһȦҲҪʮա
һ·ЯĽū٣ʣ·̵൱ʡ
¶Ҷϵĳ͸Ѿһ̣Ժɫ˿õӰԼɼһɫСʱߣֱ˿̹ܣ˼ʮѾΪ׼ʳ
ȰӭɴȰЦ⴩ӣ䣬ûгෳ߶ʱ泩
ùʳһ˼·Σһ˵һЩկȤ£ð䲻ʱЦɢںͣɷ·𲻾˵𣬡ǰǸԭ˽˵뿪̣һկס̴û̵ǰǲ̫ð졣
ձɫһͦڽֱˣҪ̣Ϊʲô
ʵЦЦԭ˵СǳЩףˡ
°գһɿýѾòȥ¥;£ԭη壬ҲΪ档
ߣ˵ûг̵Ĺأǰĵˣһʱ֣ҲԸߡ
ȻӦˣɫҲ޷ȥľս£һǻȾ˲Ҳ鷳
淸˳˰βŵһȥٲóɵѡ
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㬵ľһҰǸõĺӦȥ鷳ȴȵ˴ȥֱɺޡ
ƽĵĴ󹦣ʢЩҲ⡣ɿ˼֣ˣӹǲǰٹҪȥϢе¾ͽˡ
価Ҳ϶ųϻǸο˼䡣
ڣд°áɷ·ʮοϽĴկҲʮֹ˳ڶɽӢۡ
µ˵࣬Ӣ¡ԽԽӲضĻȻпӺ󷽸ǳߵһѪ̣׷һٵ
ʥŮˣɻɻʥŮؽ̡
նʱˣһǻŭų̼վǲ˴ɾƬ̶Ϸɡ
Ѫ̼鲻ΨһӾҪ˦ɴ˾˷ҪʥΡ
丧ڱϵֶסˣ˺ɡɶսʱܹˣЩҪһΣʥߵĶҺѹƣһ㼸˾֪էмġ
ϵĹָˣ˼һ²СѲկ޷й£ӺҲǻȻؽ̵ĺá
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ǴӳɵӺĲӶߴ쳣죬ײá֣̾ɣЯˮֻӱ޶ȥ
ɵüͷоʲôԣ벻ԶȥĿеãȥ



ɽ磬ٿһȻ۷
ֱӵĴ˦ʣһۿڽϣΰȻû˿˷ĺۼ
ʱŭӿɿһ䡣
أûаЦȰ俪ڣֵ˺ܺã⼸սг£ص顣
ټ֣أŭɫ
תУбߵߵĵգ޾ӵ𴿽ʧԣʯŮ˹ĲŽߣ뽫ŻԭԽʡ
ɭʯξͷһѪŮˣӱе¶˰׹ǣһŻδ΢Ĳӳֳɫ
ꣿһϳ죬漴ŭ𣬡˺ôĵӣȻҶߣ
ŭյӣɰסûô򵥣˰գһҧǱƽϣֱٳŵߡ
ɴһԵѪȡߣ㵹ָ䣬ֻƽ²۵ĵطһСףźɫķĩѯʣȻ͡Ǻʥгɵķĩ
˲ɫ˺һ
ɽ߽̣Ů˽ʥ˵ĺʥýƽⶫƽվͷ㴲ͷʥϲƣһմϱش
ݶƣһŭգĵõĺʥݣʹ˭
Цһ£ŮҧýôҲ˵Ҳµóǳ˻֮һ̽˻ƣûʲôֲŮȥδ̽ȥɵ
ɫ࣬û뵽ƽʱϺһļһ˼Ȼ㶾
Լʱ֣ԭƲøɾû뵽Ůֽ̫ⱻײơ⼸ճɽ˸ţðŵҲֻ֣ͨһ˻˵ҲΪȣƺԴΪҪһƬʥݵҶӡ
ԽԽ£ּǿҵĺޣô졣
Ӣԭ϶мɫȥˣȻʶôѰ·ͱ顣
һ˵ͷϳ˻ƣȽеˣ϶ˡ
ǰȻϣķ硣
Σһ䣬ִȣĿȴңңԶȻ͡
һ뻳Сʲô
΢˰ţ̽Ҳ֪ûЧ
ʵӦöҶһġ˸ĻֻҪͶһʯӣ˴˵ɼɣƽ̲ڡ
૵֪öη
һüң˻ƱͷļǿһγʼɹִܣϹΣǿҵвУػ
ĻһֱصõţԷģʲôܲµ
Ѫƫаط࣬ԦʹҲʩչֻ԰ն΢΢һЦҰƣֻҪϣʥŮΪӣԼɱԶʤҶ֡
Ŀīͫ쳣ɾ
ÿ£ǵ˵Ĵɵ䣬ĲҶġ
΢岢ǴȻ࣬ĬһᣬǰҲɱˣ
ͨǿ顣۽ް봹Ƭ̺ǳЦһԳȣصĺܣֻ˲ᣬһԲϾΪ鷳
̲סʣΪʲôԣҽȣ
棬һǽһ䣬ڹӶúܣûһû
Ȼ㲻ã
ͣһͣʱһȴΣѾ˼߲ݵţֽҽһѧڣ˵áֻԽԽ븸ƣұһẖ̂徻
ԺգӦУҲδ⣬˵ʲôοֻͷ羱
ʱƫѹȥȻһůӵһת˻ɲµó˻Ƶʲô
Լ£šü˼һǲ⡣
벻Ҳ޷ſϷͺãһɻʲô⣬Ǿͱʾ˻ƵʵͬСɡǸĪһЦһɳʱǸõĻᣬһΣóɳȥ󻼡
Щ΢Ļɣֽסڴ
ѽΣ˵˰䣬ֵȻһӣһ̫죬һĹǾ̫ϧˡ
Ѳկǰ̡
ɽѵþȻǳӭⷴġԳƴƽ񣬴ư˵ѲկС£ٲͰٱҲѵοһ䣬ڣɵ˲ɡ
Ц޾˸̬֮ƽմֵɣһγɹð;ʹЩСֶü˳ʮֿáɲչɫһʱ治ԷҪصѯţȫȻţֻѱãӲԼУȻҲڣ˼佫ϯС
˳ɵ𽵹֮⣬һƺ죬סʶеľ裬ϬǱҪڣȻһ飬ȻͷһɫСٿ𣬻İ󡣳ɴϯһһ˦һźͷ
ʵĳݺ⣬ɻӲŭ˶㿪Ϯ˻һһҧɵ֡ڰϣѪˮȪĽɷٳϰסɭȻˡ
Ȼһ֣ԭǵ⣬ȻԷѪܵİ˳ɡ
ɰ㲻壬һ̤ǰӦ죬ȻѽѪҲհˣʡͶ
ɻǵ˫ĿѪ죬˻ƵΪʲô
Ϊʲô㱾ǸݵŪͱҲЦ˵꣬һչѶ֣Ǹվһȭ˼ʯȻҲӲɵĶ֣Էк份ϮɾʹӣңҲ֪սȥһҧȥ
ǻһҲǲһοϰħѽƺʹʯ٣ȻԷѾش밢׺ȥͬʱڴԸ׷ء
һ⣬ʸܹһһ·ײȥΧµϱץˣ˴ںڣһ̱ࡣӣϳ밢ΣȻһƬɽ֣ɱ¾Դ󷢣޵ڽоҶ꣬Լ˰㣬ҲǺù
󷽵İԣĵϲļһΪڻƽֽ˲ʥô׳ȥģΣ
˵ʲôϡΣ۶ūľҪ׷ʣһδµطȻֻ֣סĽףɼʱϥһײ˵عǣҲ˵òᣬʹۣ֧Ųס塣
ߵĵҩӲıƽ˰ΧɲǼԵɣ̧ͷŭ ˻ơ
Ⱥ󷽣˻ĮȻİŪһֻʽŹֵͭ壬ҩ˵ĶȴϮޱȣһǹǶϽ֧ۡ穣Խ᧿Σĺԭǡ㡪˻ơҡˡ
һҩ˷޾ʹηҲϾʧѪַ꼱ս;ĩ·ĿѵɨǼվüԶӰ֪ʹħѽ֮Ҳ˲˶Էֺ˾
Ȼ䣬Եҩ֫䣬ΧһߵĿ϶һӰӴҶ˳һĲһһգǣΧ֮⣬ת˲ɶݶȥ

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ѳޣ˭Ҳû뵽ͻʡ
ɴŭ׷ȥӰ쳣飬ľӣתۺѲټΪѽ֮վ̫ԶǱ߿ɳ֮
˻ȡһöƳ棬ɽѪ֮ϣƳѭѭߵ·׷շɳʮ֨Ȼһ׹ƳڵϲˡȻɫ˻һڽĲҶŭĻȻȥ·ϲ˶ۡ
·زֹһ˻֪ٷŹƳҲãۼҪǲߣˣʥȻηѾȥԶˣֻ³Ҳ׷ˡ
ѡɽּΧɱ˵ҩ˷أϷȫ˶Է䵽ᣬ⧱֮ʱ˻ʥߣʱк档˻תͷӣɵĴǱߵͻϮһҩ֫۾ϣ޷ãϢԽ
δʱŭеתأ¶Ȼһݺݵ벻϶һ֣Ǽһģǽеˡ
˻һԲ
ͻȻ𣬺Īԭ˵£ϲдǰŪΪ˰жЩ֣ȥˡ
ɫһ䣬ܵĻ봳̶ıͬһԭǰôء
Ҳ֪˵վסȻ˽ģϰݣ϶ʧ٣˭֪ʲôУɱˣҲܷŹκĪ㽫Сñ̻Ҫ
Ļ²͸ʲôǿסŭʥߵĶٻһգܷʲôˡȻҪɱɱװףûй˽¥߻̽ǽտ
ȳɷԸһ֣հ죬ждѶ֮ʱѾлشūˣԭ˽վ¥У뿪벽
伸ҪЦȻϾųȥһв¼ɰҪǽһѰɱ𣬳˻ƻΪΣ
˻˼ĹĶǣӷͶūһָɽ˶ӣọ֮̈̄£޿⣬ֲ߽֮
ʧ˽ڣȻӲһѾȫ˹Ƴأҿ˭Ѳء
Ҳ˻ƣ˻ƻҩˣϼһѽ֮ȫ֮أϧ࣬ҪЩˡ
˻Ҳԣ˵ͷתȥˡ
ɲĺһһۡ
ʮþȵΧ֦ڣ赶ɱ裬ɱϴĲ죬ȻصУ˼䣬ｿԣɲþƽأԹֻ֪˻ļһ࣬ҩǣΪΪȡ
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使ĵȻģˣҪ˵Щûұһ壬Ļÿס
һóãŰѵõ˳ס§һ׷󣬰ٲίߵķһԽԽδǲȫ㲻ᵽҵһŷݡ
˵˽ɵˣǰɣ֪ɴѾãҪסʯڷĻأǲϣӯӯʥ߻פ˻ȫŪֻʣһĻ
һޣһףεˣնţѲȨҽ˻ƣѵϳ
ûͷһ˻һز¶ϵҩ˽ۣ˭Ҳû뵽Ŀ֮ѳ߷֣ϮȻֿĵȷЩ졣ɺͳ˻˽Թ
˻ɾΪԪϣ˵׼ʲôʳ
ûʲôӡӦûУ϶ƿúܣ׵˻ơ
һѰ˼ˡ
޶żҲ˻ƣ밢˼вͬ
˻Ƶ峤ˣϢڵп̶ƽʱŪЩҩɨشѶūͣȫЦ˭ٹ꣬ͳһ֧µս
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һˣӽ˻ƿУ̶߽
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Χ֮¾ȻܲԮߵݣϣֻɵֻ¶һ˫۾;ľƿ׷ַʮȻбȶͣ£ȻڵϡԷӻͳһҩƿҩУ漴ת˲Ϣ
ɲ֪ԼʲôðȣǶҩҩ飬ĹˣԼںˮߣƬ󼫴ԶȺĲˮɢԸƳȮıϢ
ȥҩѪĩϢ̼ҲɿŶԼ壬Ҳ˭ľ֣ôӺδȻѳɶ֣ػųһµ
׵Գ˳죬˺ݣմͿȥϵѪۣȫĨˮһ֧ûޱߵĺӡ

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㣡ļǣ׼ã첽𱸣ôɸҰަá
㵱Ȼش㿴һȻӾ̲סһߣ֪ڳ˴£ɴ˻ûʲô쳣ǧҪߣһײʲôÿģʮҲƳԡ
ģ֣ʾԼ¡
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Ѱ̲סɧ˵ã㰲ӣֻϣ⼸ԭ˻ƫƫ˳ɴ˵ۣһ׮һ׮ľô㵹ù簢Ǹɵļһ˳˳ˮĻ˻
죬΢⡣
֪ԹҲãȻūͣΨ̾һӣͷˣަӲϳŵôһ㣬Ūһ̶
ӵ·˼Ұ񵰣ûϴһָ׷ҰȥˣˣȥҶųĿǰǹͣʥŮ˻ţˡ
ūɽѰɣڰػʮϱϴʣʮˣ쳣ţһǵ¥ȴ̩Ȼȣȫڷ粨֮⡣
ѣսˣ¥Ҳѵ̣ʵߣĻ壬ùȥԡ
ԽϴԡʽΪأˮȪһ˶ţƤ¥ܣοӣˮͷ䣬һ㫡
šʪסˮʰ죬һ˲ͻȻָһ׹ʪϣҲȥȻһ
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ıǼľʵļմˮ飬ԡϢţס׽ĳ嶯أһҪ
ʪļۣھϵ˱Ǵ˻˵ȥܴ̼ļսһ΢1
ط൱ƣҲĴķƺѸһ֪ôˣ̱վסغͲȹ䵽˵ϣǱļǰӡܵĺۣȴ壬ֻǺ˱ĥôָ⻥⡣
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ĺɫǲųһɢĵ˵򣬻㣬˵ռϸβһ˻ʹҩδ̫ļλصĻӦúԼ񼡪
һ˲Ǹ²裬˻ƵܱиɵɼɣҲлᵱ˵ƣϷԽˡ
ʪϤɣı˫΢£˵úأ˵ܣҲδš
ֻҪһŻɵӾ͹ˣǿҩ죬²£ɺͳ˻ٶһÿˡĴδʵĽ죬ӨΣǿסһʪܵĺڷϵɫôŪģϴ嶼
Ծ£һµ£ǲǺѿͩľƤ֭ҺΨ԰겻ʣҲжݣɽ֮ūҪʥأʲô
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ΪҲ²ǵĿոˣÿֶ͸һͷߵȪⶫл֮Ч޷ƴһӲᵽûӻȥԼطǧƿгһǼӡ
ĸҳϣ˵ģʾ֭תƻ⣬˵ǨŭЩҪ֡
ҲóҶԽ̻ڽԼҪҵҪɱɱо͵ҶκǷӣ¹ڣǰհֽˡ
˵أҭˣһ˵㡪
ĪҾͲǵƽЩֵбЩöķţȫƾ治⣬Ͼѵĸ֣һöȡ֪ܣʧˣ
һӴ̹µؿۣβګګҲġ
Աϣ̧ظһ顣һᱣ㣬

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˻һ²ȴѰģ˽ۣ²Ǳɸǵ壬ηΪһĿ꣬Ͷ롣
Χ࣬ʥߵĶҺ£˻ȻִţÿһɽƤѰңִֵķ˷裬û²룬ڵжŪĳߡֻС󣬻ܱȲϰʥߣٶȺͶҲһʱһֻܣ̵̳һţôӦˡ
£ͻȻٿʱ˶ɡ
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΢⣬ϵֳ콻ɫǼͶƣˮ⣬Ĩ˺࣬һյĸʬ
ʶĹˣô
ôһŲͨ۾Ҹ˽ã̶µصֻн˻ƺ֪
˴ѾˣԼǶ֣һӣطųеĹƳ汨ţȻ˻֪ôǱ壿
ǳ˻Ȼ֪ϧᱻСϷԻһԵضɵĹƳ棬¶һЦ߻ĵҧסɵĶϱۡɺĳӵһߣ̱ڵϣƬ̺޶
Ʋ·Ҫӣߣ˲ʱ֡Ȼѧ˹򣬱ϾпɵĶ֣ǿ֧˼غϾͱԷһƻڱģʱ
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˻ƽӵƳ洫Ѷ⣬ϻʱѾˡ
ķһƬǼӽݽǣһѪд͵ָո̣ôĿġ
߱ĵӳѪ֣˻Ʒ·ʯãþּƳҵص˺ڶڡ
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˻Ƶǽ߳Ҿ֪Сܽ㹴Ͼ׶᲻á
һȻһϢͫٿţ˶ˡ
˻ƾȻϣĬ˺һᣬʥߵĶнҩ
µһϡҩƺʲôЦǻⷭӿֱЦһԭūȻŪС
Щʵ̫˼飬˥ĴϢų˻Ƴ򷴲߱޺ۣһ˿
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˻ƿԷ;ƿ֮ףҲڶ֣ɵϡ
޷죬ֱżȻһʣȻ˵С⻰ҲƭһƭɺͰһ֪ԣ˼ȥԽԽ֣ɨͽ㵷õĳʬһѪơ֧յҩ˥ˣɵľȴ쳣ܣһɴˣѪҲ˵ټƽϣ벻Ȼū֡
˻Ƶζһ£ɬǼһԭˣ
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˻ƳĬ˰Σӭʢ䵱ҹǱҲİţ
޹أҪǵʱ̫ϣӦ쳣һδػѰ˼ôࡣɵĲüЦַһںѪԭĿ֮ѽɣѹְٰˣٸЩʱգֻܽɺͰ䶼ɱˣϧƫҶһ𣬱
˻ûԷķ̣ʲôҪأˣðվ㡣
ɶͻȻɳЦĳŪǾңΪΣ
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һֻ˻ȪĻа㺦£˷ܣɫ˺ͮ˫ͫѪҪҺȤ֮оμ¶ɺͰҲò˺á
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ҵſǼһǳɡһ˫۾ڵ￴һأԵ߿ੲݣͻȻֹʯųһᱬõ廯ΪѪ꣬׷ų˻Ƽ˻Ʒֽ´ڵĿһһϸѪϣ˲ʱʴϸۡ
ħѽ֮µľѪֻ꣬ҪմһǣѪ壬ڱػἡƬƬʴѶ˻Ȼȥ񲻼ɣɱк֣Ȼ˻Ʋӳײˡ
׼ȷ˵ǳɺͰ䣬ʮūڵڡ
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˻ͣһ̣Ϣ䶨ųȥң
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˻Цʹòȫ٣о֪ȴ˱۵Ľڡ䲻㣬Ҳǽм˾Ҫҵ¶գ
ȷʵýɲ˲ɡڳϣմɷֻҪ֤ݣɱС֣Ǿ˵ľǻѻ
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Ѿʧȥģ˵Ĳã֪飬ݹ顣
˻Ĭһ̣û뵽һţɿˣˡ
ۿ̧ȥߣϢ
̧һߣ¶һĨ򥣬Ȼ
ܲΧūȺͻȻ˲ҽУ˷һ鵶ҿ⧲̼ѪҺƵƵȺɧ̶ҡ
ۼ⣬˻ڱְ¶ָڼİŪͭ壬ʱȻŭҲȥҵĳ棬˹ȥȻ
ڳߵūҲʮ˷˷衣Щһʧҹ밢䣬߱˼˵ԴҲһͣ˻ƳŻսūȺУѲӰ

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󳤸ʵϢţ̤ྶѰһСĴ䣬˳ŵͰҹȥһߵ顣
ſˣֳһĨӰѿڶʦ㣡
һµ࣬㲵ղɣէϤˣɫ΢𣬲Բ
󳤸һԭʦ˺ǹҡ
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ܶ𣬴¯ͭһˮûв裬ίˡ
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ŵûԳһЦ컯֮һ˦ȥǷ꾡ϣ˵Ц
Ϊʥּ£ԼѶΪٵüżϸԻ
˭֪һֽŸ棬𾪡
д֮ѹΪ⣻βĸ״Ϊϳ䲻̲֮֮ǧĪڲТɷвТʮ֮һⷬһʵӱ١
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󳤸Խ˵Խ̲ס̾ʦ²֪СϮ飬ҲܹԹԭ뱾أǣ
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Щǣ̫󳤸豾һţκִΨн뱡ԹһֵǳСıȴܲŭҺñĶƲóѣѴ̣ػǣۡ
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˻ƿһ۾ᣬԸҲãԸҲգҵȷ㸸ס¶Ǿһȥÿһˡ
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ܼԽԽȻ˻Իȡһö룬ĺ˫£һЩѪʱһЩ
˻ưסҪѨһЩסʱѾ죬ԱչթķԽڵҳϣأҵļƲ£⧲֮±ɱˣҲѪơƺݶޱȣҺЩĽй飬֪һѪ׵ķӣƹƺĶԿطԼһ귢һΡ
˹ֲĵζ쳣ӡ
˻ҲûָʲôӦĮȻЩҽ̶ҩ֮г߰ˣٶһЩܣѰɱ˰䣬ϧ϶ƣһѡӣǾŹ⼸ȥԭ˸аɫϵĻţ̫Ѽ졣Һɵĳͻȫ˰ֶμкţ𶯵Ļᡣ
̲סһ˻ƿҲ³ֻܻ֮һɵƣԼ֣ƶϣΨһķѪ棬ϡ
ầȻĵֻ˻ƻﵭţụ֮̄ǽңҲԹޣΨ߳ʳǵɴܵһʬ㽫˦򣬳ǼԻɼʱҵͶ̶㸸塣
˵ЩʲôȻؿƣ赡ĸоˡ
һֻһָǰһڣʲôҲ֪ˡ



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򲶴궾˼˾ûĳһ龰̫˶סˣѻȸ۳ֵӰ
һ紺ѩɵˣӰһ⣬ü㣬ǼԽԭ
Ȼһ֣һٿǰŵĳìˢˢжۡ
ȺȻХң缲£һֻӯķȸڼӴ˲ѳ߰ɡһ֪ͫԸ˰һ䣬ԼԾȥ
һֹּȸȥҲסˣӣʼճ岻ȭ硣ųʥߣͬʱū䶯ֵͣΧ
һǺףټʥߣԷת˲ƣڼĹҡҡ׹ռϷ磬ȻľһŮˣ޼Ϭ죬ȫԽ·סŭȣ㾿˭ָ̣ܺʹ
ŮûӦ𣬷˿ХߵĹ¼յŲתܡ
ȻȺһʵߺ֪ǺָʹɴЪ
ȥֻΧĻϣһ忡ӳѳ̵ǡ
㵲ѣɸΪȣԤӦѾ⣬ȴͻȻڴ˵أֱ˼ȭһ
ͬһ˲߳䣬
ҲˣԼ·ΣȻܵӺץסһɲǵļ϶Ʒ裬ǸֱӶȥ߶׷Ϯ
ӶӹͷӿС
ΪٲʹΪһζݽ¼ʱżõİοΪɽ֣Ыûʱһ롣룬ʱ̳
޳ԽԽǴδй࣬ʼնֹסֱ˹ȥſ˫һ§סϢ
٣ҪǻʪľЩ䣬˵ʲôζΨͬӵסػ죬ɲ·ֻʣôһˡ
ıϤͣɵһŭɫɭ㣿һڸ
ǵֽһ˲߼ٵ˵һŷſΪָۣͷһЦˣǷΪѡӡ
ĿɿڴЯܣѸɼȵľתΪȵķŭūһöɫĵӻһȺ
һرȻըŨ̺೾
һö֮öȥҰ⧱ǾµĽкҲ
̳ɢټɲȻŭڵķλȥȻһöֵͬʱͬɶԶȥʣһĨ쵭ıӰ
˶ͭһ
ûмѽʱĻãһٶأһһµĻ죬˲ĽţſнڣЯϳںͼìȺӵѽԭˡ
ǻ̴١ʱ̣Ͻǵĸƫפص٣ֱӲȥ
һҲûͣɵϡţĸڶûͨ·г˵㡣
ûжͣа취
ǵָ㴩ӷأղسʲô
õز飬öǵ꣬Ƭ̺һ䣬س׷
ʶĿһۣ˵ʲôûгڣһظڣսʮڱĳϵڸڣ·žĺںӣȡһֻҩƿοƿȥյ裬ˮͻȻ㡣
ҧιҩ裬ЯǴɸߵĵطֱ£УȺɫˮߣѾһ㷭Ű׶ǵ㡣
˲ʪ£ǼٵߣѪ󣬳ϲ㰲ȫߵԽԶԽá
ȫӣûͭͣˣһصɲɽ䴫üԶָһضɱϢ
ֳصĽǵ֪ǳ˽̣ٻԽˡ



ƴϣдկ̵ĺɧԽ֣׳ںӥȮɽ׷ŹκһɵϢһֻεľսͼ
һ׷ӱĸ־ãÿһй¶λһΧ£䲻סҲʹƵƵĻ򣬸ǵ׷ٻ֮ȥǰѹ֡
ֻܲߢҰɽȪݽ⼢ʣҹرӣǺ;Ҳֻ֦ҶŨܵϣǿҧһҰַ£㲡
Ӱ࣬ɬҲѹвȥʵѰʳõĶĵЪһᣬ䡣
ҡҡͷβŵ⼸նûô˯ֵء
һֲ뱻ͷؿڣһŵס
ܵУʵ̫ǵѾܾˣϢҪ㵹ˣǶҪ
˵ʵԽܣѾȻ̣ȴַ۵ǱΣ͵͵ȫҲãǣ㡣
ûнӻ̧Ħľ˯ɡ
Ĵɣ˯ȥˣһƣʵпһֻҰӻﻬ£µµԶҪȥʰȻҪѻˣΨա
콥˹⣬ּ˱Ľʪ˻޺Ө׵ļգ·һȻ¶꼻һᣬ¸ϣձ羪ʱ̾䣬ҪѰˮԴͿʳ֮ʵԶƣۡ
ܼ΢΢ףϸ΢
ӰʵĳнƽϿӣۿѾ߹ȥһƺȵʲôȥ̱֪ãְ̧סıǴ˲ʱѹ
ͬʱµ˷ʰҰпҧĺۼڵļе죬
ԽԾ˵ٶΧ۹ɿּӣȻΣִټ䷢ǰһ͵ĳ£·ף򱱡ܵڴ˷Ȼһ߽Ϯһܹȥ߳亹
ɣǰ仿Ľߡ
Ȼ¶棬Բ̫ԶһȵӰūӵţһ߸⽾ŮǷԼƭ޾ˣ׷
ȻΧδɣ仹˿һþ͵صңߡ
һ˫ѪȻѳ꣬ܰ侫ġ鶯ѸʤҲת۾Ӱһ˴Լɥ߿ڡ䲻аģĲӰһɫҲͻơ
λȥҲһ룬вܿˣɱ򣬰ýںɽ߲ݵѰױƳˣĥһޣƫһʱò£ͷһԽ޵ҧ
ǲ֪ʲôֽţɽū޷ǰͿʼڱѪɫϣϳǶãϢȫޡҲǼߵģλῴǼĶ
˴ūٸҿΨдԶͶì¾ҪͶȴ֫嶼ĳƮӯɢ޾ɱ
ŭΪļԽȥԽǲν߲̫аи
ҧгݣժһֻδŵѣߴɲɫȥһ׼Ķ͵üţܵȴȻ䡣
ͻһֲԤУĲݴԴ죬ԽԽأֳߣƶ
ʱӻȡһöƿˤȺУȺʱʼ˻ҧȻϾ˸ͶһЩھҧȥĴӺӿ跨Ȼ˱ǣһ޴Ļ¡
֪ãһܹ˾ͱ۰򱻲˸ţڴϸصɳϵվסԲǿޣսյǹۣؿʹ֣һֻڶǰſԨ
ͻһټ뾱ϣƾյ
ԭʱһ״ʱб˽ߣץס϶նסλȻͷȴǵûɿͷǲøβĵõϳäĿҷȻ¹ȥ
󾪣˲ý߷Ӷڿжȴ޷ֹסƣ׹˶¡ɲǼ䣬һֿסǵһӳס±һúնյĽ˵˰աѵʯʬµòһ졣
亹һ˿˿侪긦ȻѶ£˳ֱļ磬Ű죬ļա
ĽЦ𣬴޾ĵͼ±¶ӣһ֮ˣӣ¼羰ɺã
˵ȫһϣʵڲܸ㣬Ԩ޴ȫƾţסϸͷȻͶʥŮͣʵڲ
䵱ж˿̾жޣ޲ýܻȥĥһɱԹ̣ʽҲ벻Ϊʲôѵ޳𣿡
ģĻشһ䣬ɽ紵塣
һ飬µĻشȻ˼Ǻȣ·𱻻عǡ
ЩūȻһ䣬˵壬ҾʥҧŮˣµڼ֣
ǼƲ߱ƣҪڣȻһȵѪڼϣֻ̧ۣ׹ʱĳı˳ˣѪʪ֣üղס
׷Ԩһֻ總֮Ľڲ࣬ı۰Ҳ飬ƺѲɱ⣬ȴǲԲסָ˿궯ѩļƵΣüһʯ
ںʣᡣȻëĿеˣͷѪԽԽʪȣճ
һঽдһֻԴӳӹһɲǵ⧱䡣
׺ҰУ죬ҲԶŴıܣŵলɽһеĲ׽ɲǼ˫һϣҧס߾
һҧü߷һнУҵŤѪƴ˴
û뵽Ѿ֮ﾹȻܷ˽ߣһ˲ŷӦæūĳìҪͶȥһնķ١
ֱڷأŴӾзӦȻ˿
ٴȥѾˣһƬãʲôҲ



ĽڰѾĽʶѪ
԰ƾĵ䣬ԽһҰ᾵ĹʯɿǰԤʾǵһŲҲ̶õࡣ
Ȼɵһ׳Ĺ٣پһ׹ԻƣֽһȽ漣ѣƽһƬ֡
ûͣϢԱ˷ӵסӶУʤܵԱԼٶȷԽһɽ롣ȴԽԽļˣزʮԡ
䣡
ƺ̬ڼٱӡ
ĸоΪ䣡
ԽأȻѸݡ
ֱһ䣡
һ·ĳ֧ȻȥʧصĹɽҵĹ䣬§֦ͼʯײͷͼһתֱײһ׮Ϣֹ
ǴδǱǽһۣľ㣬ֻһۣѾ˵ס
ɫֳ쳣̺죬һ裬ͫɢš̫ߡ
ûлӦĽëһ£һѪȲˡߡ
¸ɺԵѪָ
ҶΪ飬ȫһҧ֮ʱ֪մ˶٣ֿٱӣǼӾ˶ԷѶˣ۾ϡʢžǣ촽΢һţü弸֣䡪Ҫ
еūһյĹƵ£ѱܣѰƬʬ֫ѪҲޡƤȥʥ÷˿ƳһͷѪڹŵϣʼõĴࡣ
һȺūض򣬷˿˿ƵĶϷ촽ѪȼԹĻ棬ԶŵŮεɢȥӰɽÿһ顣
Ұּ佹ԾȺҵĳŭĴȺּûԽԽ޺ۿұߣһİϢ׵ľկӵԽˡ
ǿҲԿ˳ˮҰޣӵ˱˺ҧ飬Һ쳹ɽֱ֣ܵһµɱŨҵѪɢ̼Ⱥ޸ΪױȺӵĹϮ
·Ĵ󺣣ʱζĳůǿΧ˱ĺڰμУ᲻ѣɷԽԽۡ
ɽİ۾ҲЩģһſܷŲҰ޵ʬ壬Լ˱лн
ﲻ֪ĺȣϤϢģٶ۵Ĵ԰ŷӦ䡪
΢΢һͣ˲ӽմѪŻ谵̽ɫˣ
ԼȻţ۾ܿƵĶסһȾѪҵİ
һֻδ͸ıҧһڣѾϹҩǺȣЩ԰ף赭дĴʱǰСǷ˷裬ĳе޺ҹ
û·ɽּߣοϻһˣΪף϶˲˿ڣ̲סѣ䡪Լߡ
δ˵ֽн˵㻰ûˣȻὫ¡
ʵѾ͸ˣȫǺŲٻǣʱʱῴʱ˵Ҳãķϣεͻһ䡪
ȹӵĹ٣ĲɵӦһʯԽһ˳޽ǻһͨȫָץзѣѪ죬ᣬһεľϡ
ȷʵûƽŴݵķǣ˿ƣۣǻЩһþͣ£ͷһۣɵӣʲô⻹û󡣡
ԶɢŸ˻УĿһ˲⿪ԡþüһпյһҩΧеĸҶͿգƬҶϣȻԼҲֱۣѪͿһƬҶ˶ڡ
һвϣȺҲԽԽ
Сڣ˽߿ڣž뼫ƣ֪֪ɽµĶʲô
²˵ȥǵЫ˵ϣЩҰȫ˿񣬰طϣǵıӡ䡢ӡղһҽΧҰ޶ɱˣҲҪľˣڽһɢܣҰŲǵϢ
صԽԽǵĶлһֺֻɫϣ֮һлﶼܿгɰ׹ǣȺˮһӣΪ˶㿪ҲôԶûˣǶһѣҵѪҺ볣˲ܱܹͬܲϡ
˼Ԧ֮δţ˾çĴһģ˭֪޳ϳʱȻܹһʱȾ綾Ҳߣߵóȥһ
Ƿ·͸ģ§ıһڶߵૣ£ȥȳɺͰ䡪
ȻǧҰ޴ӾԱҡΣŭеСۣµõСѡڣȾѪĽҶ͸ǳֵĹ⣬ʱӹģӰױ硣
Ŵδ·ȫ͸ˣһƬůȣһҲûУϢʡʹϷʳҲûκԹޣֻǺȻ᲻á
ڲ͸ĺ⣬ĹһǰÿڽĻţЦɽˮȻȥߢ䷼
ˮȺֹ˺һܽϸ΢ɳ죬·ϸ޳ֽϣһȻϮ꣬ɽ
䲻Ծס˺о˵ͬңɳԽԽڶڵĽҶֳ˼ڵ㡣
ڵĳȽָڣͷƷΣէмƺ䣬нĻζֻ֫ᶶƺ潶ҶϵϢɵ˼Ȼӿˡ
̶̵һ˲˵·ȫ͸ˡ
ȺûһֻڽҶ㣬׷ƹǰȥɳɳĹСʱԶʼߵҰޱȺûĲҺšһ͵ĽҶķҰ

ݱǧ

ɳɧɭмۣʱҪӦȺĹڸϵū̻ƵİߣһѶ˹ŵѣȡĪǷˣȻΪ¶ý
䳤ʱ䴵࣬ļޣѲ԰׷ࡣ
һַס׹Ľأŭ֪կʲôģŭ񷣣οѪҪˣ
ΡΡĴϢ⼫ǻʥߣҪ
ʥͬһ۷ͬСɣ䰢仹δλԹδоʱʥ߻ӵġҲɫŨüβŵ޷ǵĵطа취ס򲻿á
࣬ᶼʳҪʲôʱҵȲˡ
һǿʤһ޴ֵҰõ֧룬óͷʹǿнһ·תؽС
ֱԷụ̄»ﰲˣɽֺ죬ԮӲ˶Զұػһͷ֮ޣĪҪçײ¡
һ뵽δҺİɾͷۡǳ˻ƺɻڣڰݣⲿķұ㲻ΪȻ½ڻ̻̣ýկģʰ鷳ý
Խǻ밢ԽԹҪǱãܣ
вޣӦʡȻ׽ö㡣
޺޵ʮֿ̣ǿýɵȰ壬Ҳ֪ͷΨЩ˸ػģջš
ȻҲ̰ɫäĿŲŪ˵زҲ棬תǨŭɣǸϻңֻҷ㣬ҵ£һԻƽˣ˳һʢļεǣ˽֮λһϸկ
ڻһЩųӵ뻳С
һڣβۣʱü˳һɣּ죬պԹһ˵̬ȥ
˼ʱͬգòӦһ
ೢɸΪҪٽһȻһѣΣȥӰ使ӹȻ䣬һ˫ڵȻ
ɺȻ죬һƻȥŮײǽϣأδ˹ŮһʱȻŪ۾ѪڣԽ֣ʹסŮֱĶһֻѪȻŮĶϾɳҧɴָ֣Уסĳƴһ˲ʹһ̵ҺӿǰΪһƬڡ
ʱһļб죬һСµūӳֻźͻըڽɢ
⣬ռŵ촰̶Ȼ콬һֻѪ˳ء
Ⱥֿյû˿Ϣ
Ǵг䳯һȥһ·żȺе÷׵Ұ޺ǡ
ϵȻȣϢʱʱһۣԦ֮ʵղſк£
ʶҪ䱻ԡ
ǲ֪뵽ʲôһ˿΢ЦֻԺòã
֣ҺˡҪ㡪
ˣҾȥɱ诡ᵭĽض˻
һ伤һѣ֡
ٰŪҲҲһΡһɵӻΪѰҩ
˵ʲô٣ֻҪ
Ǿͱʰһ֦أòһЩҽⲻ˶зߵȪס̶ǿ˽磬˵ܿȥ
ȻʦЮգȻֲסڵĶ˹ȥ
һԳգʱʱңԺֻ֫ʹ쳣Ѱ޲ýֽŶ̲סҽоεʱ˰ס˭¸ǿĶʱǹ࣬ʱˮʱĳ̵Һ塣
գۣȻ֣Ļӳʵľ
ǳһɫҶӣˮΪմɬĴˣ
ʶʮѣǿһˮʹѣּ֪
ǿɻ󣬡ɴѾˣѪԹ˲Ͼǳңկ˸¡
Ĵסˣʹˡ
Ѫ̱ͳŪѰķδЧױ¶һֱ֣Ÿʮҹɡ׼תǷҶƬ뻳۲Ϣɫһ߽ͣǰ˳һöۻǶĺ챦ʯһöǼٵģĳȻ𽥽һ밢ףͳݱǧþͿ񱩵ɱ⣬ݣһȫ׷Чˡ
ò׹áҪ
ҶѪ̫ҪЩ˲Ǻƽ뿪ϡǳĬһᣬ͵ԭݱܣȳɺͰٷλ󡣡
ְգʹԽ϶ҡϳ̡˰䡪
һδ˵ʧȥʶ
ǿܾãϢĳȻۡ
ܹ̫ԸΪԽһпС
԰ˣ˼ƻȴŪʡ¡֪ΪѣƵգ˶
żŵȼգӵŻԵˣ૵Ҵɹң
ȣƺֻȤԽԽȻԼֱܣЩĪѸһᣬɵõҩͻȻֿʼڣһձһշŲ¡ʵŲҲ޷˼򵥣ѣ˭һͷ˷һϣȻ첻ס
ԭԿƣݲðʡ
У΢ӳŲ԰ݵĿա
ؿ΢֪޾Ļԣ˫˫ֳɲī࣬˿˿Ĵ٣žһĿӣûÿһļ



ʹʧˣҲٳʱĻԣ䲻֪⾿ǺûǲãʹһʧĻжĸ֪Լƺһش۵ľͷ۾ԿҶϵ˵¹ߴ˱˫ۡ
һǰУҹŪ˶졣ʲôҲˣȫӦһţ书ĵ֣Ÿе׸ѿ֪ȴӲ¶
뿴ǲȡ֡żȻһ죬֫ƺָЩȻֱ̧ۣȻûдǺܸˣȥȡˮ͵͵ƿ˸ϵҶӡ
ʱ֣еĹʣɵɴ
˰ΣĴӽҶصϳ⻹жͷһΣʹסˣɵɵĿԼ塣
Ѿϵ壬ѳǧƬųõ⣬ǵŧˮʮָò˿˿ƵĸƤ˻Ƶҩ˶
ľ˺ܾãڿʼѰңԶŻżһ۶ϵѾȥľָոץסӲ˹ȥ
֪˭ȴһͷ޲굽һᡣ
ûκµһ̣ߵ˸Ż˽ҶϡҶ˿ڲմ೾
Ų̧ͷŬ˺ܾòŷ߰ɡβˡ
ǵһѾںת
תõһʬЦǰ˵ҩ𣿡
Ǹ˺һŵҪǾͿҡ
˺ܾã̧
ÿֻ࣬ݲ԰ףһ˫İ⿪ϵİ¶˿ڡ
ˣʶһ¡
ҩҵѪǰƽÿһһЩΪѪ߶ãڱ
ԽԽǾѪ
ж̫ҩЧʦԶ涾˲Ż϶մĶȻʲô˵ĺƽһҪҲסһ룬ɶԵҺķôѪ
˵˿Ϸ·ϡ
ǲȥӱôҶҨˮϴ˿մȾмȻѷ֣۾ҲϣŲҪǿ⡣
ʲôоҲûУ첻ˮ⣬ҲûиƤʹĿαػҪ
˵ȥѪǧֱܼĵ
ǰ˶ޣִһЩУۡǹ˺ܾòŵɢĳմŧˮڲʲôζȻ֡
һ߹⣬ӳ忡üϣ˯ס
Ψһĺô类һʹ˴һ·徻˼ȫޣȫٽ׷ǻǺ࣬Ѳ湫ӵ
ʹڽȻһԭΣȻȣҲԽһ̴򡣵ֵշתĥϡã˺˸ϴ壬˻޳˫ֱ鲼ٺĲˣЬҲĥˣһƲʲϵʣزֺ졣
Լ˱ȽϺãȻΨвĵš֫ƺһ㣬ָÿɿأһЩϸ΢С¡
ʲô
ͻȻһĶȻ䡣
΢߹ʰЬ
һ£ʶĵͷûбáŪʪˡҵ֡
ָŧˮЬϣŪöദʪۣЩġ
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ڶЬȥˮ߳˳壬Ȼ˻Ĳ
һ£ȫҲֻʣôһļ
ȥֿᣬȻʲôȻ߳һ˿˿Ļá
ֹգһϸɵĲݱӡ
ף׽סһֻҰãָϴ濾һʳûûΣȻԵú㡣
ʼʱĿޣҲѯһЩҰļɣ֪УĻ
ֹһϵÿʼտڣŧˮ͸ƤһֻҺɫӲ裬ԽԽĹؽڱ·һǣٶֻš޷ӲƤˮǿ˺ȻѪܡ
һһȥ屻賹쳣ѡ
̵ĺڰ˿ȴʼȷµζ˵һ̷˷ڴУԻ濾
˻г촽޷ſƵĸо˷裬Ȼһοʧص
Ӳķ϶ȱּ궼ĺڰпాǻңֻǵһһ޾ĺڰΨһǣ
ߴ౵䣬ƺʲôڴô򣬺ڰͻȻѿһ߹⡣
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