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½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ


һ峿Ӿżľϵг˹С˵ﱻδƭС
ۿҪˣ峿һ߷ſˮδŴ岮ү̶·ӡ
Ϊʵʵӻľˣ˭֪ɽһˣ˽ĴøԥľͰ峿͵ø˳ȥmmpģһȺǡ 
Ȼ㲻ʣͱҲ塣
ƷݶϾϵŵ·ȵãһ˼ɽͷԹԣȫ
峿¿ˮɶҲ˵ˣضȦˣ

һڶųûûĹ¶ļ͵ıӵļױʯϡ
ضһɽˣͷǸŮһ׺:ʳ𣿺óԹܱŶ
ʶʱΪܣ˫ַɽͷĵ
峿ϲµôʶȤķϣǱߵé͸ˣԺŽ죬ģģ
ڶСܼСһӻˣڸˣ:ͷɶϣѪΨǮƲɹ
峿һ⻰զأ֧Сܶ԰ţȻͷˣ
1.  һ       һ

ĳ253꣬سСɽº档
һӣͷһֻڴһŮ
УŮĺԽԽ΢ޡ
ﱻ˶˲̣ȣСܲסȥ˯
ҲˣûпԵŮӺ۾

ѵ˾
ԣѾˣ
ǡ
峿ͷ壬ȱֻ
岻ģ
ڲģƤǣһӪ
Զȥ˿ɶӺȻһʹļӿԺ
峿ɫӵ
Ѿˣδ͹ƽȺͷܽżȺ̫ǿˣȻһ
£ֻˡ
ֻϧȴԭˡ
뵽Լˣ峿޵ǶԼˣ
ǹŴķ⽨ʵģԻΪĳ
ĳ꣬Ҳǽ궬գһûѩֻһëë꣬ȴһձһȣŸ³ͷ˾ͻ˵ɼ
Ÿճɹˣˮۼľʣ¸׶ˡ
ڴ˵Ĵ£˿ʼʡʳԣʡˮȣôҲðȥ
ܶ˼Ҷûʳˣˮ͸ˣˮһֻܴһͰ
֮£ԭĵʹ׳һȥسǴ̽Ϣ˳㿴ܲҵ·һȥ֪ϺӴ壬ݵؽ綼Ǻ顣
ȥϢһ˵˵ϣô峤ȫߣɽܳԵĶ޶ˣҪˮˣ߾͵ö
ԭһҲŴ·ˣǵָ㣬Ǵһ·£ȥ
˵ϵӺõĺܣٶٶܳϴ׷
㽣·ˡ
ֻϧԸõģʵǲпġ
һ˫ߵʵ쿪
ƾʡҰǼһ£Ǹɺȴأߵʱˮͺˣ·ҵˮ
Ϊȱˮȱʳһ·һ·
صʱԽԽ󣬵һӴ˼ʣ޼
ʱȺ･һʼǻܺ£ۿߵһ־ϯ֮ºܶѡͬۡ
һҹ֮䣬ԭΧܶϤ˺ȻʧˣԭܶƤͷ˺ȻǷ͹⣬һ㷹ģ
һĻ̫гˣԭĸĸŵʱʱ̰̿˩߿ţΨһ۾ͳ˿в͡
ֻϧԭĸǧôҲû뵽Ҫ˾ߣǧѡŮɡ
ǸԲÿ࣬ܲҪȻҲ˽ϵõֻٸ
ӻ񣬵δմͲˡ
Χ͹촽ɢζĶӣʱɣֻҪ߳һҲðˡ
ɶһЩŮ˺ͺӣûһֵܵġ
ɴҶɵӣŮ˺ͺӵͷأȥֳԼ⣬ֻʣ÷δˡ
ԭСɣδһԼ֡
ԣɵһָ״ġҩͷĳˡ
ûã峿ˡ

˳֮峿ץץԴʱĩѾʮˣغò޽ů㹻ʳӴҲõʳﲻˡ
һֻص˽ǰѵҪûûȵ𣿡
ѽԴԣľϵߣ˭ȱٺȵģҲֲ
Ȼǰܻڡ
ûһ˿Ҫô֤ء峿˫ڵϡ
ǰżܣżľϵܹһ
յǾ˵ܣûзӦǾ˵ûи
ƸϣɺԵĺ࣬βĵļȡе
о峿ͣ֡
ûɺȥɻݲ
ӡ
ڴԭͲˮѾոˣ׷죬ðŰ̡
ִ棬޷˹ָϣȴûһ˿ˣ׵ָۿɼٶȱ÷ۡ
ľϵܵ޸塣
ȵľͷȼһƬ峿ջ֣оڵˣ
ȴʱӹл
峿ߵӣԭӹûԱ˵ǰҲΪθǻۡ
һ滺θһĳ죬ۼһСﳤƵãವһ´ܳϸߣֳвס峿ֲӵϣס֦ɡ
ֲ֦ĩ˳£գۼˡ
һգۣɫĹתɢһſŷѹӳˡ
Ѳõѡ˭ûӣֻܽš
ժһţ۵ѣֱӳ԰ɡ
ܴ߷Ĺζʵ֭ˮζɿڡ
꣬˸գ֦ͷˡ
䶯˶ԼдƬŲְ̧ڰ˸ߵֲϣգ۵Ĺֲ껯Ϊһ̲ĩ泾һ𡣡
峿ֱ
ʱ͸оˣԷ˯ˣ峿Ҳûܡ
תɣӰһСк뿿ɴࡣ
ԭУɵõܶţʮ꣬ӦǱġ
Ҳһ֮ѣ͵˺óء
峿̧ıðһľƬԭĲӣ;˸ϻѪӿ
°ã˫Ҳ޷ʹ֣ӻ·ϵĶţҲк³
ʹѶţ۱סУҵ֣
ûܷ峿ŲֹѪȥˣպø෴

峿̧ۿӵĶ棬ǱһȺ˱Ѻ޺ֵڿտĵشϴĺԭļˡ
ôᱻץס
ɿûӣ
黹ǳԤϡ
峿ԭһĻֱܰ˽ˣ涼ǳԹģӦҲΪˡ
ûĿ֤ˣȻû֪ģɶ¶ûС
ҲڣͲܱ¶ˣȻǸˣҲЫ
ԭǰִ͵һ𳢳׷ζҪϾ͸ˡ
ԭڴǵؽ٣ֲСΪϡҼ۹һ˼û˳ԣ˵ԭүү˿ʮԹָ
׷ѣֻҪһȣܱǧǧĵѵզЩŪһ·
ЩԶͷ˵ξ˰ɣȻ˵ʵԭִˣһ˻ܻʱ⡣
Ѻ͵˿ɲ٣ؼЩţ󡢱׳ɲССܱȵġ
˫ȭѵмʮ֣ѵ۾ȥһ٣Щ˻᲻
ȥ񣬴Žһ¸ˣ




2.  ڶ   ˣޣ   Ϊ

ʱһ˺ȻӺ˳Ȼδ򡪡ɡ
峿Դһ飬а취ˣ
Ʒ峿ﳤһ磬סֻ֦Ҷˮľ֦ɱ񷢻ƣ̧һ˦֦۾ƵһȦȦ
Զʱ򿴵˻ӣûû񣬹ûˮûˣ໵Ľһβ͵èƵϸߣأţĶȥˣ
峿̧һźҧ˻ߵĺţ󣬴ţ~~~~
Сţ
ۿ˻Ťͷȳ峿ʣզզţţأ
峿ĵˣûˣûŶţ
򴽣ûԵԭŵȸ⿪
˰ò˵翪峿Ӵһס󣬡ҵĽ~~~
ŲͣԹס峿ʱ
ţ磬ҽźЩˣԼߣҪ飬ɲˡ
һŻζ峿ʵװȥˣһѽƿʱࡣ
˵˿ǰզϹ峿ȺͷӳһССڰɢɫķĩɢ
Ѿɶ
ɸ˵Ƥһѵһſˡ
ֹɣڳ峿ȫ˹ȥ
ҩЧõĳϡ
峿ջصͷ˿ϸ˿̧߷ɣҪҩûףǿϧȵûһ˿磬ֲűա
˿˫գ·մҩۣӵѷߣһ£߳ߴҲõ¡
˵ӣŪѣ󲮣ǰǶȥ
үүźûˢˢүӲ
峿ûסۣүӵ˼
үӲǼˣֱ˵ԽүӣүӲˣŹ
ʱ򻹼ƽЩ²пӣ
ͷ¹˿ɱûѡ峿ţһ䣬ǣ˵嵰ѾߣӸѪϲ
ĸ״Լ˸񣬸Ͻӣֻ常϶һΪѵĵүӣŪŪŪҲкȥˡ
ɶүû峿ġʾ̧϶ƨϣûϢĶСѾͷӶܲס
϶Цүӽ۲үӳһڣˣŸɶ¹
ǵϷûסֿ죬үӵ֮ǰסϱߣأƨǰɣ
һ飬ɲˣ˭ҪˣҲһƨϣģҵģ㻤ҡ
ʱֵĺϲ£죬ɶ

㣬۸ɶȥ嵰ҡҡ峿֣һѱסȣСһһţ㣬ɶˣզһζ
ѾԱסһȣСҪ峿ӣŵĸϽסѾͣ࣬ܳԡ
Ӵûϴˣһ²Ӱ
㣬볢𡣡Ѿί
㣬Ҳ볢嵰
߰ɣҳԵġ峿ӵ
常жպôм䣬ϲ£ﲻӻĿʼٶƤĥ˷ۣټҰ˶˺һ˲˸˳ԣҰϵܳˣÿո˻ˮƵãֿɬ
ԭ󷿺ԵľƤۡعϷ۵ͷ
˵ӣ϶ĸԾб¶ҵɶĶ͵͵ȱǵûֳ
ҵˮԽԽ٣·ȫˣƤ˰Ǹɾͺͺ֧Ƕ˵ӣÿӻžͲˡ
ݵĸɺƵãһǹͷ
ܣͷץﶼ֪ĸ峿ĻסһƨɸһƣأŻӵģǽ㣬ʵ
ӱ𿴲꣬¶أСԴɼˣ㣬ˣ۲ܣ˳ԡ
峿ֳĸӣһȥɣҲûš
ÿٷʱмԼҳԵȥ
ĸһ۴󲿶ӣæˣĺӸʣСҲתٿԼſСߣҳԵȥ
ĸתԴ֪ĸȥ
˵Ҫһػϵ񼸺ͣ²ˡ
˼üǧܳԵĶǸɾˣҪ֮ǰǴƤ࣬Ҳöӡ
Ҳ֪ɶʱٶ죬Ҳö϶١
峿ԭļ䣬֪ĸĵǣһɡ
Ҳû뵽ҵɶ
ߡĸЩиӣЩ˳ѰѰûҰɶҲõ졣
Ӻð峿۾һզóأ˯ͷˡ
·ϣ峿ĸ֪ɵԳ˵ҵһƬŰƭ֮ɻͬݺһӡ
ĸµѾ˵㱻ǶǲҲɸɵģǰǽȥѰԵ𣿡
ԣһȥ͸һͷҳιȥˣڹˣҿȫȥץˣ˸ţڸǰţһţˡ峿ߵұȥǣ˭֪ͿѺҸϽԸˣɲû͵ҩŰǸˡ
ɶȥˣզȺ峿ʡ
ɲǺöͲǸ
ҵףɵѲ˰æ͵ǰæ󣬴ȥǮ鲻˵Ҷ׺ÿÿ϶Ұæٷ˵˴δԹһ껹æ
Ҫ˽ӣûǮҽǮ϶ĸ˵Ͱ˽ǮˣǮŻһϢûա
峿ΪҶ̫ˣɽǣ
ֲǲ֪ӶྫǶ¶Ҫ޲ռȫµıˣϧûͶ̥ȻֱڻʳͷŲö¾ҵˣĸĵץס֮˵ȥûǱˣȻҷǵúݺݴһԼˣ
ˣҲ֪ɶˣܱȳ׺֪ĺãʱҲˡ峿Ҽȶ¶϶Źǵġ
ҲүĻĸҲʮа˾үҪ
˻¶үǲŹģүһҲá峿ЦЦ
ɵѾͷүɲС¶ȻүæˡĸʧЦôһ˵öˡ
첲զˣҰ򡣡峿˵ʱĸ첲
Щڸɼˣû¶ÿͺˡĸİڰ֡
峿ǿץסĸĸ첲ӣϺףһԵĹİ
Ӵģ峿ţǲʹ˿⻹۵úܣ
ԡĸšü˵ڸͷߣҲݣɲСҸ첲ʱһ飬ڶûӦסˣȻǵڶӾ͵ôԴϡ
峿һҪǴԴϣǿɱȸ첲ضˣС˱ټˡ
ˣˣ̾ͺãȸϽȥСְɣ̫ˣͷ鷳ˡ
ãϾͺá峿˵Žľϵͽĸ˴Ļ⣬һʱЩ˾ͻײ˵ؽҲϡ
ĸ첲ʹ˿۾ǹؽˡ
ˣĲˣҪ˶ܺá
ܺãҪɶҩĸʧЦȴҲû
һӺ󣬸СҪЪǰ峿ӡ
ߣȽȥ򡣡峿ɿѾ֣Ⱦߡ
ӣ峿Ƭյض£һ˹ʵķ֦εض𡣡
ժ¹ӣʬ𼣣ˮľɣҶƬˣ̫ɾˣϣǲһȦһͷ˿զ죿
ӿҪģ
ڣǳ˵⣬ԭһܰһӣ󶨺Ӿܴ߷żǾֵģֻʣˡ
ҿŴ׶ݳޣҩˡ
ԣ
峿ţѾ嵰ɱŽѾӳ򣬡㣬ɶ
ѣ԰ɡ峿ŸɻƵҶӣһ˷һţҶӳԣֲҪˡ
ͽһԡѾ嵰˲ԣСԴ
ãﻹС峿ƣƼûǿԣȻһٳһ
㣬ʡųԣ컹ܳԡѾġ˷ѵĽ㡣
ã㻹ҳԵġ峿ʣµĵݸĸţһ߸ʣµѾ嵰һҲ˵϶ҪүүүүҪ֪ˡ
ԭүүϲˣ˻ɶãûð׸˳ԡ
Ҫǣһү֪ˣǿ϶Ҫ򣬰ԭǡǾȻԼ˹ӣǲԣ
ңӴ֮Ҷ˳ȥҳԵģүӱضӰΣ
һԷѾ͵ȫһԣɲ뵱ԩͷԣһʼͲ֪
Ѿ嵰һˣʣµԣҾͲˡҲү֪ĸ۾Ʋˣû۵Ĺˣɷ˵ץ峿ˣĶҵģûɣ
ǸʱиӼ˶ӳԣ˰ʱ˾ˡ
ûʶӣ֮ǰҲԹˡַŻҶϣˣͷٸң϶ҵ
ĸţңжģ
°ѹӰִԱҸ֦Ƥӵ֦ӣƤϵڹӰϣҵһ
ˮû˿ɲ㣬ˮҰ峿ȰζŨĶ󵰸ǹӶŵ
۰Ͱ͵ĳţԣ¶ĲҪ
Ҳһ³ԾٳԡĸŤͷӣȣûָŸǰһѾ嵰ҸѾ·ҵɶ¶һ




3.      Сؤ   һ㣬

峿嵰ߵ·ûɶضƤ˷һ飬ҵŹ֡
嵰㲻ҪģҪӣҵӣܸŪԵġ
Ҫɶӣ㣬ʶĲࡣ嵰һԵľˮ
ԼţӵĶװϣͷ
㣬ҸҡСһ׵ϣ۾һһţĺܡ
峿ϣҵɶ͵ʱɣǿˣ귬֮ǰĸɲûصġ
˻ûɶԶһУ峿嵰ܣѾ
ܵǰĸѾŹӴһͷؤؤƴŷѡ
զ¶峿߹ȥʣզ۵Ĺӣ
㣬۵ĹӡСѾͷץſȸ״
ԣͻȻðӣҲͱˡĸڨڨ֪ؤԼ˳ԸǱ˵Ҳ֪զģһȥһҾ
ǸϽ˳԰ɣͷһʣ峿û˵
ԣԣͿˡĸϽҶӣһһ峿ûҪ԰ɡ
ؤ귬Ĩɾĸĸ˹֣ǸǵĹӡ
Ǹ꣬Ŀ治
òҲı䲻ǹӵʵֻһŹʱһ峿ЦһǣǵǸܽɱٸǸ
峿ĸס˵ˣƴʹɫӶԽˣ˵ɶã绻ôͷҲûĶ
·ϣĸ治ģʡԣܲźӡ
峿ĸ뷨ֻͷһɬ
ĸƣҲˣҲ˵ɶˣҽų㲱Ϲ˿񣬲ܺûһڼۣǵģզ
ԡСؤĬһ˲ȡݸĸллǣ֪ǽɶ𣿵ȻͷҵҸ磬Щʳ
ãϽ߰ɡ峿ĸĵؤ
СؤĬĬ˹ˡ

Ѿĸ֪ĶŪ˸Լܿɫӣϵ峿ϣȵ˽ϣĶʱۼԴ׷
á峿ͷҵɶû
ûĸһϧĳŵϣҪǸɺʶðذɣ췹óˣȥү϶
Ҳˣ㿴ҶӣĹĵġ嵰ƿں·ŶƤѾ״ҲҪƱĸһۣ·ŮӲ·ţͷ˳ԡ
˵գ֪⣬Ѿ첲ˡ
˵˰ɣҿ鵤ҩҸõĿ죡峿һģ
ĸЦЦȴǰ˵¶

ԭ·أ˾ȻûسǽȫΧڹߣ׻Ҳȡ
ѾǹǲǸŸӣǲŪԵˣĸڽš
Ͳ֪ˣһԵľʶӿĽŲ
ѾǸɶȥˣզŻ϶һŤͷĸĸ͸ĸ˵˷ָˮӣۼһˮأȻһһ㡣
аĸˬӦˣʣǳȥҵɶû
һˮƤƤˡ˵ֻһٷԡ϶
峿ûȥûɶˣ໹ƤͷСȭͷ󣬻ӻʱģֳ󵰸Եģ󵰸ҵĸҲǼΨһһʶֵģء
ˣүӺ̫̫ſƤˣƤˣһֻóһ١

ߵԱ£Ƭɵʮü˱̫ɹ͡
ɣʣµ˿Ŷ죬һҵˣһЩÿͶ͹ġˡ
ѾѾ˵
峿̧һȶ׼Ŀ
ǸԼԣһԣˣ͸Ӹˡ
󲮣ү˵Щզû峿˯ϴ󡣡
ϴۣǼƤ꣬Ȼ˳ˡ
󲮣ô׷Źǣ峿šüǿۣ˶ڹˣҪѵļʱʱû˿ţܵˣܲˣһӶø˳ԵĹͷҶʣ
ϴһ߹ܣү˵ȥ˵ɶҵң
ԭϴүүһϲˣ峿зȲȲûɲʣϴһ峿ûզţȱҵĽţ
󲮣Ҳ̫˰ɣһСŮۣ˵ȥҲûŰ峿ЦѹϴԴϣһηһ˵ֻ죬еڶΣϽŽֵд
ϴŽŻ̫ˣ
ϴҽɲСǱүӺϴ
ҵģզˣǲѾģɵøҵϴ޺űϴĽš
󲮵ĽŸɶĲͷǰɣү峿һˣ͸ǰ̧ž峿ߡ
峿վŲߣ䣡
ϴǰ֮үСģҲ֪ѾͷӲȥүӲҽһӣ֪үˡ
үһҽаʣ˶ˡ
峿۾ĸ״󲮺үүңվŲǻۡ
ѾǸӣզɶܺú˵Ҫǽң񣬴򲻻϶ߵʵи磬ûк𣬽ҺȥڸҶҼѾһ£ҾҴ󵰣
ɶһǮզˣҶԣүӹŲӣҪǽۣھⲻТӡ
һ𣬷סүӣ磬ҲǣûǵҪѾͷƬҪ
˵ǲѾҲԭģ԰ɵ
ԡүӶݺݵ峿Ѿͷ󲮵ĽŪˣ϶Լ˵˵ⲻ𳤱òô򣿡
ϴĸ󲮽űϸߣƼû󲮽ŪˣʮƤȻ¶ûꡣ
¶治ԹңҶվŲŽۣҸøɶƴ󲮽ŲŲۣ
һûס
ɶ˼죬ڹһתָ
ɩŴ档
˸һģϴ޷ްѻʻȥզ˵
үû˵ȥԸû̫̫ʹɫ
̫̫ʵͷӽ۵ĺãϾҲ찤ᣬܴӶۼƤͷҲܶڡ
õզ˵ֻ̫̫ſ죬϶ӵϼ֦Ŵ󲮸ȥŴĸһ飬ҪҹŮû취ɲǵҹŮզֲѵ۸ҹŮҪ
ܣܣ֡ɿϴˣϴһϡ
¸Ͻкùȥϴ󣬶ܲһɣ
ʵϣ϶ãֲӣۣܼҵĺǰû۸ޣǰȻǴˡ
ûϵү۵ǴӣǼĸϣۼ֦ڴϣүӹ˲ýۣӵǰ壬϶ӣңҲϳ飬ӣ
ﰡ̫̫໵һҲ˹




4.        ̫ɡ   ɡ治

϶֪ϵֹ֣ͣأˡ
ү̫̫ڴϰ·һСкĿɿڴĸĸɵŸɶϽˮȥ˻ع۵ķݶ
峿˻Ȼ򣬸Ͻϡ
ֻ˿ǰһˮ峿ǺȲȥҲʡ
СãҳСˣӺó𣿡
ĸ϶ҵģˣͷզ죿
ǳԹˣ̣϶̲סˣϹɲûǲҺȣͷûˮ͵Žл
˵ô˵ģ϶ûãҨķ֮һ£һӽһڣմ˵ˮϽˮˣͷ˭մ촽
ү͵ˮ
϶һˮЩӳȥϽ峿һӣŤͷȥԶһڶ
ӣҷ¡žһүЬ϶ϣ󺣣ӣҵˮ
꣬үӻǲıȵ꣬Ǳȴ󵰸ֻŻ죡
ֻҼҵǷݣûࡣ϶ֱŲӺһһһѾ嵰ϱ峿ʹɫܰүƨɰ

˰ɣ峿ס϶Ҳˣܲˡ
ҵģ׷ˡĸһƨϡ
峿Ťͷܣܶһҵĳǽس⡣
ԭдƬĿյأʱȫռſںɫŽգǽϿˣǶڼܳðͷ½¶
峿ʱĻŲѣס϶ĸ첲ָǰҪɱ𣿡
ĩ֮ǰǿ˲ٹŴС˵ʮٵ߸һ꣬ھܲ
ɵŮ˵ɶɱ۸ɶֲǻˡ϶ЦЩˣŻ˵ģһһһͷˣԹá
峿ǲģסĸ䣬ԶԶģǰȥ
ûףŲ
ãԶԶġĸšü죬ҵģһžУѾȥɽºߵӰɣ̫ˣͷˡ
֪ɶʱǸɴÿ·ڵţӰ˸Ͻţʱ˺óǰͷЩ
ʣµ˱ضЪš
Ҳ⣬Ųˣÿնţڶˣö
·߾ǸСɽ£СɽºͷʮЪ
أѾȥЪš϶ɷ˵ѰĸǰһƣѾȥЪš
ҵġ
߰ɡ峿ûȰе˾͸
Ѿʮ񣬼ÿвСŮ˱׽ߣһ㲻ʶ˶˵
Թڱϰ¡
峿סҪֶˣҲܽ£ڻֿʡ
Ѳ˲Զ·ˡ
ɲҵûãȥҲʰĸֲɵ϶ỳġ
Ҳ֪ɶʱǰɽˡ
ɺأɽϵ᲻٣ʱ·ɽ߿˵ҵЩõӡ
̫ԽԽߣ¶ҲԽĸߣ峿¶ܲˣ̫µˡ
Ѳ˵ҡ֪Ĳ˵ҵİ
Ҫ˵ɶĸ£˵ݹ
Щ֦ӡ峿嵰Ѿ׸ߵ辣˺ѸϸĿ֦ˡ
Χ˺Ŀһȫɴ۾Ƥˣզȥģ
嵰ѾԾԾҲĸƨһưˡ
Ҫ֦ӸɶϵľСĸΧ˵ͷʵ
Ȼ֪峿û˵ŪЩ˳Źɻ۱һɡɡûôˡ
СĸˬӦˣ϶޸ãȻܿ࣬
ΧˣȫĶ峿뿴զÿ֦ɡҪǲ鷳ĻҲѧ
ɡɶ˵¶ҲûҴţ뿴ͿɣͿʱòá
һǰ̵ſڵĴɡʱԲڵϡ
Ҫһ׸ߵɡԼһʵɡ档
ɡҪֹ֯
ɡ־γ߳һ£ڵϰڳԲΣԲҪ̫󣬵ʱ򷽱ֱӹɡϡ
ʱˣûеĻò
ĸõģõľ·;Сӵʱҵġ
ȫˣСסһҹǰȥתһȦŲ˷ѵԭĸѼ·ȫˣŻͷ˽ϵܻǮ
ʱɲóˣ·㹻ˡ
洩һ֦һսɡ͡
ǲȱ峿ĸγߣʹɡʮι̣ڲ֮䴩һЩ֦γߣ֧ã֦ǻģԵڳ̣֦ɡչ󣬶̵֦չС
бžɡʾĸɡȥǰѴɡˡ
С˷ܲѣ峿ĿҲһ
Ҫǵһ·ȥɡáĸûĵֻҪǲȾС
⻰Ҳ˿Ѿ嵰飬һ·ӻģųԺȥˣòиߣֲᡣ
ΧԭȤԼģڿòʱȫʧȤȴŤͷ͵͵ĿȻĽò̫ݳˣȫˡ
ΨһĸŮĸ峿ʼռ֦ûвϵϸ֦֦Щ΢̣СЩܵãզãϡ費˵ξ͵ɢܡ
峿ɨһջߣţȥɡȥ
㡣ɡɲᣬĸùŮܿ࣬Լʾ峿Ѿ嵰ǰͷߡ
Ӱţһ·ϵҲ̹
ԽС£峿һۿ䤱϶һµͷ
СĻıȥ϶ǰһͣסӡ
峿ĸŮ˸ǰŵһŨҵĺζѬô
ĸűˣҵģǹŮ̫ɡԸŰɣˡ
ǿذɡ常ϱͺӣԶɴһ²ϴζûи׸β
ɡˣȥСȰɡ峿˵ȺԶûôζˡ
С常һС£Ҳ̫գ´ĵضҲûֱ𣬾Ұ̫ãʱʱǰһβܿԶΪܸϱͺӶɶ
ûгûд̫ɹţĸСĶˣһ˾Ҫģ峿Ҳһƨ¡
ɡ治ûҹŮ϶峿Դͷ̫ɡȡҲã󣬵·ţͷۼҶɹš

֪˭ӽˡ
峿ԸӣҲ
ﻹЩƤۣ˳ԡ常ŶӲýУѻƤ۸ӡ
嵰Ѿ¶ˣ˵Ƕǽˣԣ
峿Ҳ԰ɣ֮ǰԹˡ
ڿʼһһĸĿ˽һʶãÿζҵӳԡ
ñĳ˳ˡ
ԣҵģ֮ǰ˶಻˵ģ峿ＸȥСѾҵŹӣＸûž͸ˡĸ˵Ŵ常ɫ




5.     ˻   ԺۼҺġ

϶ɫδãĸɿ
϶ƽﾭүţＫТ˳ͱ֮ǰˮһķֻԼķ֮һһ㶼մ˵ʱúȡ
ҪǸϴץס᲻һܰѡ塯ֵд
ĸĵı㣬϶ǲТ˳ֽĶ֪˳ԡ
ĸʵ϶Т˳ԳίʵƲϴȰ
Ͼ󻷾ˣТ˳ܻܿӰ쵽ӣΪ˺ӣԸá
޶ȵģӵĿТ˳붼Ҫ롣
ʵҪǸǰĸô϶ﻹͷɱȸɱҰʵڶˣ϶ȻϽҰӡ
ͬƤҵҸһһͣ룬ﶼԲɶõģɱҰʱҲ˽λ
ĸԼ벻Ͻȥ
϶֪ĸ룬˿ľʵѾǴĶŵĹӣҰת˲飬Ųݸûš
Ѿŵġĸһ϶ϣϣųˣѾͷȥǷˣǲݸ˦ɾ˲Ƥóԣ
ѾĶѰŵģѰ˼Сһȫˣۻͷȥ򡭡ǲݸҲˡ常Ц峿ԴҹŮȵǿ
ɷĩ˵Ķȥ
һſŵģ˰ĺúõģǸҲһ飬û٣űˡǰ˸ߣҲСȸߣԶܿǹӿɺóˣ֭ˮɶˣһԣ췹۹ȥתתܲҵˣʱҲ
϶ҡͷѾҵһĶʱʱǺ
˶٣СģѾ嵰ҵӷǳԶǺòã
ãˡѾСͿɻ˵ˡ
嵰żĲУСظĵžž죬ҳǮˣҸٶٳԴ׷һʮ٣
Ӵӻ֮ǰ϶̹ʮǰ֪Ķ峿һ嵰ˢˢˢ°Դ˼ѲŵԱĸж֮顣
ҵͷСһСɾעظ
أϲءĸЦ峿첲͵ˣͷͷҪ޵ġ
Ѿֱס峿첲ŴŴĺţ~~~
СѾͷеĽ֮ɫ峿СѾͷҲ˸ͷһͣжˡ
Ѿżͷһҫӣ嵰ɴҲżͷܣСؤƵãתȦǱĸץͨͷˡ
常ҡҡͷСģ֮ǰĻ⣬ȻǶýãǲǲԽ㲻õ¶
šźСԴСס
ԣ˹ӵ¶ɲܺͱ˵ײ
ΪɶܶСӶĽҡѾСӣȥҫһ߸СǣĽҵ̵Ĺӣúˮˣ
У֪ѾôһǰѾˣԺѾҵӾֻܸ˳ԣܸǳˣǻ벻ˣ϶ĵҲҪСЩɲ֪Ѿõġ
ǹӲ֪˭ģ֪Ѿˣһͷƴզ죬Ҫ֪ʱĹӿɲǹӣ˭ҪҶƴҲŪԷ
϶ĻŵӣѾ嵰ŵ˵ȥ
ĸصĴӦˡ
峿ʵνԸģҪҲðģɲ£϶ˡ

˵գ϶ڻ˻óֽݸĸƣţСд˻飬ͲѾ㰴ӡˣӡԺۼҺûϵˡ
Ұҵ궨ʱѾǸȥˣۼҸǿǵˣţ̨ˣ˵ۼҾʹһˣɩˡ
ȣԺ׬Ǯٸ򡣡ֲų̂ڴɩ̨ǵģ϶Ͳƫĵû߶ˡ
峿Цŵֲд֣Ҫ̨Ҳûãȵܵѧдֵʱٸ򡣡
϶ˣ󵰶ѧ嵰ǰѧ˵ˡ
峿嵰϶ܵģܣô֪СҺã뿴ĸֵĽŵˡ
ָڲ˵Ĩһ£ѪĨȣֽϰ˴Ĵָӡ
ĸ編ƣֽϵѪӡӸˣ϶һŸĸţʣ˸ȥһţһŸ˼֤ҸҵĹϵǶϵĸɸɾˣԺţİˡ




6.        λۿ졭

常û߶ãѾ嵰»˯ĸµϯӣϯ˲ӺʹСİһߣһģ峿£Ƕ˯һܳ췹ˡ
峿ûͣЪһ˵Ϣ巺һʹҲûĸϯһ¡
֪˯˶ãǱ˵Ľѵģ̧žѳ˸߷ɣ֪β
̧һ뱻ĸһȥ۳ϤŷӦˣӻ·ء
Щ棬ϲ컶յһۣ˯Ĺ͹ˣǴҶʮȫ裿
𣿡峿
ĸС϶ŻЦ常
ԣˣʱҸǿ׳ԣúܣĸ²˵Ϻ棬ɼжѵá
ų̫˷ˣͷ׸ҡ峿˵ĸ϶ۼҿүүң𣿡
£ʱ˶϶ҵĺܣҺ͵͵Щĸŵĵ¶ǻеģųȥҳԵģҸǿˡ
峿ûɶӦ˵һסʢҺܿסѾ嵰Ͳˣָͷ졣
Ƕˡ
ĸҲߣ̧ƨϾһƣѾҲ֮ǰ峿סƣˣǶˡ
ƹ£µˣ֦˾ͽ֦ǲҪȥˡ
˵ţ϶ˣүӵ׳ꡣ
үԭƫģΪ峿ͷԶһӸûֱ˵ϱ̫̫ʹɫ̫̫һֲһֵĸŮĵıӣ۾ģûƼ˶ȥˣǻŲǲҪҶԸ˷£
϶ͷĺż𣬸Ͻİ˵ɶ
ָͷһת̫̫һָ϶ϣ߳ģһͷɣͷ㣡
ˣ˵䣬϶ȥѾСˣҪӻģü޳ȥˡүӵСԼȥѾһŪȥ
Ѿû󵰴أզȥߣȰѾʹǶȥϵɫÿ϶ûټ˵ȴɲҪҲҪٺúӣ񵽴ܣһ۾Ҳˣһ˹˿զ
ߣүݵ˦ˣϲ϶Ǹǽ࣡
ѾȸŵߣѾǹȥ϶ִ¾͸ϯӸһ磬һ̧ͷĸڣѾ
ֲǴţҲܵĶȻһҲøǷֿҲøѾζ۵Ѿʮˣӳɶûĸۡ
ԭֻһ͵Щӣɹʵ̫֪׳¶ѾȥѾȥ
ȻӣҲù
Цأֱ常Ÿǰ
峿Ҳſ޴ɫľѾ򿪣վʮųìŽʿ
̤̤̤һ죬ˢˢĴ׵ʿ˳Χ״Զֿ·ߡ
һĶгŽʿ˳ǣɫľűٴκ£
峿ʶͷϷĳǽԭÿڴһѹһëһ
常һһѾ嵰ĸ̫ɡߴٵѾͷٿߣ
峿ߴѵĶϻʿǵ䶼Ŀ

󵰣Ѿǽˣɵø忴ˣͷĹӶԡ常¶峿Լҵİõܵãȥ󵰴˸к
Ľҡ󵰰ڰ֣壬ɱ˵ģȻҸүү
֪ˡ϶󵰵ԴƢ֮ǰɿ֣ţЩˣҲСЩˡ
һˣЩӿһܲ
壬ٲȥʳˡ󵰲ͷĵֲСӡ
϶ĸߺ󵰰Ѽкټһ𣬡ʵʵţ˭Ҫܻͷ߶ҿɲң͵Ÿ¹ȥɣ
СЩѾ嵰ĺӶʱŵɪɪס峿ĸ첲ɡ
ЩҲһҰףֻ峿ɫ䣬󵰻Ϊɵˣ֮Աǣѹү̲ϲ˱ҲͰˣӻС嵰㳤Ҳһ޳ɡ
峿ɲ֪ô࣬һһѾ嵰ӸͷȴƮƮû
һŰ˸סְĵŵҺóԵģӲ¶Цſ㵥㣬һҪԷѣҲġ
峿ʧЦɣˡѡҲˡ
̧ͷϹҵ̫Űˡ
ԱָӴ󷿺ĴѾѾ̧׮ӣӰóīֽ⣬̨ﵹˮŸīĥš
ˣȥһߵŰɣд֡󵰷ԸĸӲ߿ʱʱŤͷһۣдĽ
峿ԼҵСûɶо
ߣȥӡ峿ߵʱӴѾ߾
ѾѾʮˣý޳ȥģδ˸ˣδҪТòƳһ꣬˭֪ӻĵʱ̫߰һӾ͸·ˡ
СûˣòųԺȣסС
Ѿ㣬ҴѾ嵰ȥǱСֳɶûͷ󵰸˵һ
СѾˬĵˣҸ㿴ţ׼ˡ
Ǿллˡ峿ȡ°ֵǮǲ˵ĸ޹ģ˳ָ˳ϣʣµķŵϡ
ɶԼˡѾЦŴүӵİóʯĥǿŵ죬ǻ۾ͿܳԼƤҲţǰĥˡ˵ɶͷˡ
һҰѻ˿ܡ峿ְڵϣŻͦƵġ

С֣峿ֱϵţԱ߼·ܿСģܱţȴһ귬ѣסʮŹӾͻˡ
һ˷ֳԣĸǸĸ϶ġ
ҲûŻȥɢɢζ˳ϵѰ֮á
ĸڸǰһ𡣡
ʵһңСһͲס
۳Ϧ£峿֣չ
صӵʱ򣬴ѾѾĥ˵Ƥۡ
һʼˮʱ򣬶Ƥۺˮˮûˮץɳԡ
Ҷǡþûˮģؼǳ˷ѣҲȲˮ
δͷүӻ¶峿СģѾ嵰ȻԷʱ׼˵Բ¿Ըԣײ
㣬ˡ
˵õҲ췹ǰۿ췹ʱˣһںӶĶӹлȴһҲû
һСӻ뿴󵰡
Ѿȥզ¶īֽ⡣
峿ϲ˵ǣСġ
ƹС£峿ٿǰҲࡣ
ӣզŪɶ¶𣿡峿ʿѵ˫ͻˣ
ЩģݵٹͻûָŴ·ϡ
峿￩һ£¶˰ɣ
㣬ú˵𣬿ѺŵãһԵĴӣӣ£Ĳǻˣ˼ҾôŶӣͷϹأ
ԣԣһŶӿɲ͵ˣŪڲŻӼ˵Ӳ˵ˣҵúҼҹŮͶҲȥŶӣЩҲ߯ˣǼˣ˭ܶ죡
峿Ҳ̻ȥͨ籨ţԶ˺Ѿǽ𣿡
ͷһԶһˣ϶
ǵ嵰Ѿ˵ĳȥ˽϶Ļ
Ѿȥ֪ͨǹȥŶ
ѾҲҪȥ𣿡峿ʵۼҶզ죿ţǣ
ȥȥû¶Ȼŵүˡ϶˻ˣ˶࣬һһǾǰȫʮ˿ˣզ˵ҲиһˣҾţŵ
峿Ͻܲȥ֪ͨǣһںӸ϶ȥĵضɽߵһƬյͣʮʳİ峵ÿĸʿףִì˵ǸÿÿȥĿ¶η
⣬ÿ峵ǰ˶ӣɳĿβ͡
ǰͨ׳ڷʳһһץס
ԱŶۣЩ˵ֿ׼ˣ˵һһ
϶Ŵö񣬾峿ҪѬ֮ǰҵүӺʹ󷿡ѸҺӽԼҳ󣬴峿Ѱĸ
϶ԲûþҵĸڵĶ飬һģӵʱ˿Ҳ˵
զĸǰͷжʮ˾ֵˡ
ȰѴǸȥˡ϶Ҵҽһ䣬Ŷӵ˹֣λۿˣҲԼҺӣҸϱСĻһ£ҺϱŮȥͷŶӣ֤ᵢ鵽ҡ




7.    Ͻһ   զŻ

㻻ɣλñǵġĸӰ֣ǵһ˿ţС޻˵ȫ
ԣлллл϶˵ллҪ￴ţ϶ʱ䣬ϱҴŮͷŶӡ
̫Сˣһ浢˺ͷ˵ʱ䲻ãԸҲġ
˵գתͷĸȴѾͷŶӣùҡ
峿ǰһǰʳʿĳìٴУ̲ס̾ϢϹ׼õһ𻰡
ĸͷ峿㿴Ѿ嵰ˡ
һӲżŶβķ򣬻дЯ
Ѿܿռǰͷġĸק峿ʹܣȵķ࣬յķλۣһ֮ǰվ档
һһȥ˱Ķߣֻվĸ档
֮һ񣬺ܿ˵Ҳһ󴮵β͡
˺ðŻӵĶ飬ֵ̫ˡ
ĸŲӳǰ鿴ͷ峿Ҳ֪Ѿ嵰ûզأŵĿ˻쵽ٲ
峿ĻָǰһŶٴеˣˣǸ壬֮ǰǲǰͷǸ
ǣԣǰͷǸţĸ˵ĵǰˣûһ϶Ѿ嵰գۼͳŶӵĴ塣
峿ҲŶǰߣգۼ˫ϡ
϶Ѿ嵰£ͽ㣬ǣ֣ɲɿˣͷ˹˿ɾڼŵͽˣ֪
֪ȥŶӰɣѾС˰ָ϶ߣ峿ЦѣС˶Ӵô¶
㻵СѾͷ¶ĺ׳ԣ
峿ǣѾŶǰߣŰʱֵĸŮһʮˣһСѵӡ
ףĸϺһװ׼õһֻɺɰڴϵϣϴķ׵ٰһ㣬վԱߵ϶
ǰ϶Ҳһݡ
ܿȺһɽһ·ĸóɺɰ϶Ҳóɺɰһ¹£һſŵĹһȫЦˡ
ҵģСɣĸ˵ߣ϶Ա߻š
ˣˣˣۼðĿܳۼѾ嵰С˼ҰץĴһ˾и϶˵
ǸáĸЦ˻۰ѶóҲֲˡ
ã˵ֻһ룬ʣµһԼš常Цŵ
ֻ˵ģûң
ô˵ġ϶һĵ˵ӡ
峿üүû˵Žȥһզԣ
ʵǸ˭ԡ
׵ĸһͣЦЦĵԼˣŮ㻰أүǴýȥһԣպǶûζأҲúó
϶޷ֻ˵ˣ˵ȥ󵰳ԣۼҵĸԺҪѧǵÿڡ
϶ĸ϶Ҫȫ˹ŵ죬ҶûУܹŴ𣿻꿪ʼȥ˽ӣʮˣѧɶһ翿ҶأҶӲ꣬ʮˣ˵ʮ˼Һ
϶Цĺϱ۶Ȳ˵ˣһô󵰿ųҲТ˳۵۵ˣڴܲܿϣҲ۲µõģ¿ưɣҲûմ⣬˻ǵÿԼ֪
һǶ峿˵ġ
ҵģôȥҲǰ취ɶõĶ˴󵰣ۼѾѾ嵰ʣĶ̲ţ֪ΪۼҼأĸû˵ҲǿɶõĶۣѾ嵰ԣԼŪܵȽԼҺӰɣ
Ѿⲻǵ˵Ҳõû϶һΪѣˣ˳ͷԸȥҶҲûȥԸ˳в
ĸ¶Ц˵˰죬ȵľ仰
ĳТιǲܵģ˽µܱסˡ
¹Ѹøүӵһֳ˼ҶѾ嵰Щĸˡ
ĸϲĵߵߺɰ洫ֻӻĵҲô
ࡪ
Ѿ嵰ŶӣǶǶ
ѽҵģɶʱˣ۸ϽȥɣȻͷɩָ˵ˣҲ֪Ƥû
ĸС߶ţǣ峿֣϶Сģһ˴Сȥ
ҵģ˵ɶʱûĸʵ
ٲߣƤˡ
߲ɣǼӻûչ۵Ƥ϶ϵߵߣСһˡ
ƤۣܻŶˡĸ̾Ƥҿѡ
ʵڲУҿ˼ǣǰߣǰͷӦҪЩ˵ŻһӴС£һŻѵӭ壬𣿡
Ƕ塣
ǰգԹ壬զŻүҳĴˣ·ˣҾ˵·ˣզ·үǵСĺܡ
⻰϶ԼҵԸı֣ĸ峿վ˵ĽǶȴɵƲƲ졣
ĸÿŮͣЦЦСɵүӸǹ·ǵѹûĴӳԲ׹ӣ
Ҳôã˾ɡ
ʳ˵ʵڲɶҲͲС˼ˡ
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ͷ˾ͲˣһȥأϣҲϴ׷峿ڵ
ɵӣ۵˽϶ˣֵĸЦҡҡͷ⺢²Ƕɵˣ
Ͳ֪˰ɣҿ˵ˣϿׯڣ絾գոһʮͳˣȵĺܣ˵ʮһ²˪ڿܸһ𣿡
Ķģզûĸɵ
ˣ˼˵ġ峿ν˵ŴѩҲֳԸ߻һ£˵ĸˣһ¾ܳ졣
Ȼ濿ֵأıӲܳԱɲĩǰũý˰Լĵ𶼲Ҫġ
ĳ︳ɲ٣һĶʮһ굽ͷҲûӪ׬ǮҪдĵĺ֧ţһӻ
ͷ˵ɣҲһӡĸҡҡͷˣүʹ󲮡ǲġ
ʢ˶ڻӸ˵Ż
һˣˣǶƤأ϶үһƨ£̳Ǻү̧²ԳԳԣ֪ԣǰͷǲŵͦǰզŻ




8.  ڰ  Ȱ˵   ǰߡɻ

ͳλãø嵰ѾǶȥͷŶӣⲻʱ䣿ǰͷûǺͷж٣һͷһܶʮˣ϶˵ƿϵĸӣһͷӣͷ
ž
үһĿ϶֣ɶǴ󵰵Ŀ󵰸۲һӣԺõԼȥ붯Ҵӵģ
϶ЦŸү򣬡˵ɶأҺôǴ󵰵壬ܸҾͳɶ
ʮĺӣʶ峿Сĸҧ䡣
үһŮԶֻһߵ϶ƨϣأ
̫̫Ҳӵĺܣһڶݺݵ峿ҵҾԸҴӳԣЩ˹ңҶ
ĸ۹Ů˰ɣ
ԣǲҾͿġ峿СûҼϻƨˣ󷿡ˣרĿƨ¶ûУңһ䲻Ծ͵ð
⺢ӣαؼƽ㣬ۿٿϾ͵óˣʱ͸ּҡɲղү˵ˣ֪Ҫ˵㲻Тĸ峿վߣͷ嵰˵ɶ
嵰վүǰŬЦү嵰ˣǶƤҪ𣿡
ǲͷԹϼƤ𣿸պüƤҲ˾ûүӴƤ򶼲һ嵰Ⱦ˵ۼҳԷʱû
ƽհȥʱѾʱ˺ðɣ
峿ǰһҪĩҲûܹһˣȴĸӲץŸ첲ߵס
Ը۾ʵһҲû
϶ܹץסĸĸ첲Ļ𼱣ǸۿЦģզܲۡ
үһ϶ƨϣû㿪ЦҲɶʱˣ˭Ƕʳϵĳԣ˭ϡޣ
ԽӻŶϱ˳ۣҪ϶ǰɿ϶ܳ𣬾ƾҪĸϴ򡪡
峿ĸǰץסүӸ첲ǰһͣߣ۲һ
ˣ峿治ˣ浱˭ϡǵƤۣҪ棬һϱ㲻ܱϲТ
ߣ۲ԣԼҶԡѾ嵰ź϶֣ĸߡ
ĸҲ̲סᣬƽʱүƫģճɴ󲿷ֶ˲˴󷿺֪ҲһӶͷͶƤۺҰͷСʲȥҲӲܼ˵ǶõزˣүӻǿǣǲһӶɾ˲Ÿˣ
ˣ߰ɡ峿ĸĨᣬ˵һҵӣǳԣˡ
ĸĨɾᣬס峿첻˵ˣ˰ɣҶȥ
ߣϽߣñٻˣͷ˽Ҿ͸϶Ȣµϱ̫̫޵һڣݺݵĵĸŮ
϶ֻһƣӿͷ˵ۣǴҲ𣿡
үӺ̫̫ػ϶ѾԼҰתˡ
үӿһ˿˿˲ɢŲӳ϶ıӰǳӣܱȵ𣿡
㱳Ӱͣһ¼ǰߣүֻһĿ²ȥСԷͷ㱳𣿡
һΣǱӰͣûֱͣȥˡ
϶һʶϴү˳ؿڡ
һѣŷӦܵүӸǰǰҲɩû޽֮ǰĺܣǴȥسǸɻӶɩ޽󣬱˵ˣҰӶûţҿ˵Ķԣ绻¶ɩܸӡ
죬һţֲģү̧ȣವһԶȰԱ룬Ȼͷɾֻˣ϶ˡ
˵䡣ϴԵתͷүӶߣҾ˵Ķԣ϶ϱƢǲССĶһġ
˵ˣ¶ɣǮҪŸ󵰿ѧʵڲ϶ֳȥɣҵҪۼǸŮܹɸɶүӰڰ֣ǼûǮȻھ϶ϱˡ
ۼҴ·϶ѧϰͷզҲܸøŹ϶壬Ȣϱ׾ٵ¶
˵еүźӣΪѵ϶𣿡
͸Т˴ӣ𼱣϶׵ܵܣһܺɣҵ˼Żһ١ϴ˵
ڷּңܡ
롭ȥ¿ۡүɿϴ֣СӺ
ϴɫѿ֪ΪԼүӲˣϾ϶զҲүģĶ治ۡ

ǰǻɶ˼㻹ҵϴǹӣС¸ǰ۳ſˣĸʵ
ԣҺѾ嵰ȥӵʱԶԶһƬɫ֪ǲǣȥ͵ˡ¹峿һ۴ֵ֦лʯ𣿡
ûĸϧߵ̫ˣ˰ۼҵİˣҪɶɶ
ˡ峿϶ĽŲ
ߣĸӣҪ϶վߣ۸ĸŮ𣿡
ĸڶ϶ܴ
ĽŲ𽥼ת۵˸ǰѾⲻ𣿡
峿Ѿ嵰˿ҲһǴҲô򵥵¶϶ҪһܳԼﺢӰ첻ã˺ͺá

ɿĸһ϶ãȥＸȥ
˵ɶҵƢֲǲ֪Ƣﶼ򡭡ˣһûԶˣ۸ϽȥЩԵġ϶֪ϱҪɶ
Ȼĸ˲ϸ϶㻹ŸɶϽģҹŮͶӣզʰ㣡
ĸװͰ͵Ļ϶öһȥ
˵ձСģôһҾ߿ˣѾȥĶң
С֣Ѿ˵ɶˣȥɡĸڰ֣˵ˣʡ
С֣峿Ҫһȥңĸã˵ˣһһСЩ
峿һһ̵ͷ˿ֵŵƤǰȥһ·ϵļҲܿ촫峿
컹пܣҶˣӦòˣҿ˵ĻҴҡ峿ٴ˵
Сĸ峿֣ǲͬ⡣
ðɣһʧܡ
ֻٳˣҪզĸǰŪأ
֮ǰִԲÿ峿ֻҿڲϣ
Ѿ˵ĵطĶ϶ʵ
ˣ峿񣬡ǰߡ
ǰߡɻȡڵһƬĶ




9.  ھ  ·   ͷǻҡ

ӣĲࡣ
˿ĸӦ峿֪ܿǰһֻϧĸɺҲûӹˡ
ǰ峿˵ſܼһ˿ǰڰУбգۼ䣬귬ٰεض֦ͷ˹ӡ
ĸ϶߽峿Ѿժһſˡ
һվֻ˰˿ŷѣͶܲסˣһֻҲûţժŵݸСһ
϶ŻѴս˿ɶӣǰզû
ǷѣСһ̣ͬóԵĺܡ
ĸժŵݸ϶һţû֮ǰԹˡ
ƵĻ£ͮͮĹӣƤ⻬ϸ壬ⱥǾţ϶򡢴ߡ
⣬⡪϶ֻү漣ҪȻզóôÿĹӡ
ͨһ峿̧һ϶һŷѹڵϿͷ˵ɶ
峿ѯʣлү
ǿлˣү¶
Ҳ֪û˵ʵ
ĸдůɫԣϽԡ
϶ͷڳѣȻһóԣŲĨͣ¡
峿СĿɾͲˣԵԲŴűͣ¡
ĸͬöԣ֦ͷʣµеŷҶƬˣִӰ˼ɾѹˣСһֻľͷ
һŸ϶϶ûԣ͵͵һĸɫСѾңŹӸԣ⼸ˮûȣøˡ
㡣ĸûŹӽ˴󵰵ԺＸųԵûķݣ
Ƕס𣿡ĸֿ峿ӡ
סˣ
϶һҲ¿ҲЦݡ
ţ϶ѵݸ峿ţĸ°˷٣Ҷժ¡ˤɾͷ·Ͻ˲Ҳûӣһһطţ峿˷ˣǿЩ֭ˮ࣬͵ˮˡ
峿ԵĶԲԲ췬ѵζ˭ҲԸƻʱ
ӱĸ˽ʶ˵귬ѣû˷һƬҶӡ
Ա㣬һϢ˻СֱԵˣ¹ء
嵰ͷ˵ҳԵõһˣҪնģӻġ
ĸЦ嵰һƣ˵Щӻǰӳԣ
˼ûõģҲû˸ѾϽȻ𡣡
ĸıһˡ
Ѿһ򰮻ãǺóԵСģġ˭Զ
϶ֻøոͨٴαûţ嵰ѾԺ˭ǵĶ˵
СС󣬾ʵ󵰸ҲҲ𣿡
ɶҲǹӣĸ϶𾪻ˣǰզ˵
ĸŻˣѾ峿嵰үˣ˵˵Ǻõľ͸Т
ޣǸӵĹӶĸˣһ϶ĹӣԳԳԣƨȥɣĸŮĶıմһ
϶ͷϥϣֻ˵Ϊɶأ
峿ҲΣ˵Ҳã϶һĵǸ˵
Ѿ嵰˯ĸǰյشһȦߵСʯӣ˴£ոպռ
峿һ죬ûҲ˯ˡ
ͷǻžͱĸүǱˡ
һ¶·ɲУȫ
һŷѣǵ緹ĸ϶ûԡ
ص˶˯š
ĸ˴Сļ˯峿˯ˣ˶·ͼ忿ſ˯峿ƤӵѾ嶢лһҹû˯
û˵꣬ĺ
峿һԱ˯øƵɵˣʮˣҪ·С˵Ϻȣµľǵļ˻û˾ߡ
Ҫ˵Щ˼ܸҪ٣ܱ֮˲ʧĺá
Ȼڰȫ˵ˣȥ
ģôҲû֣ۻȥˡ
ӱ½½ˣָ̫̫϶ѻϵĴ֦ɨɾ̻ҿϴıϡ
ŮһʰһĥƤۣҪһյ·ϲԶС
峿ԼһûԸĸСͬˡ
ĸûŵҶƬƤ۳ԣҲûܿ˿ţһƬҶû꣬ȫҵ۵һ顣
ճܣĸȫһ˺õûҶĶġ
϶Ҳǵģںͷһҹȥ¡ү϶һš
峿̾ǾΪȻί

߳ԹƤۣͷġǼҲιʱүһ£ȥس⡣
ﻹŵ˼Ҽһ
ϺүӺʹ峤ҵ˺䣬̫ûˬϽ·
϶֪ĶŪӲ֦峿ǣ֦ҪЩ
·ɣ峿̫ɡҲ϶Сɽºͷʵûܸˡ
үӺϸ̫ģκûԸãֻա
Ŀĵһ£󲿷ֶǳŽȥģҲһ·һӵʱ䣬õģԵıľߵǰ棬ģϼҴڱ䵽˺档
һӹм䣬ȴΪʮò߿졣
Ϊǰɽ˽ʯ룬طƵģΨɽ̡ܿ
ļ·ʱɽƤͷðѼ˸
ҳһ峿ͷģʣµİҹɽȥˣѾǰͷˣҲõ𡯣һĸ·
峿ãܼ֣С߲첻˵ҲһӾͳſˣֻ϶ĸһ˱һֻҲУʱͺ¡ţ
ɽ˿һʱܳɽˡ
Ͳƴ·ˣүӡϴǰŸļǽ⣬峿ȫһƨ·Ϣ
һ㣬̫̫ʹ·
ŰɣҵİҲϡ峿徭ܵĳˢʱһ˶Ҫò˵Ҳǰ˵Ҫĸģֻܳĸƣ
ĸһЪϢ첲̧ˣֻ峿ȱţϵİϡ
ва嵰ſұϰɣһҲۡ峿϶ѽ̫ðͷĺ
áŮ϶ĸ첲Ǳ˲ע˴ҧѾġ
峿ܼ֣ߵĸĸ첲Ӵ壬Զ޸ˣƣͣȻĸĸ첲̧
ţǰõõϽĸܵ·ԡ
ᣬʮƥͷ˹ǰʮԶ֪ͣĶŪɺ·ϣסǰ·
ǹȥȫ
峿ֹЩǲɵƹȥʵڲпȥҲаզǵأͷ̫Ȱ
֪ɶҵģ嵰ң߿զ¶ĸǣ嵰ߣѾѾߣ
峿ѾǰĩǽӻĵľҪǰ棬ȻΣսٺпܱܲҲߺߣһ׷硣
мãǰ˶š




10.  ʮ  ɱӺ   ˴ӻ

ߵĶǻߵ˺ľǰ
϶˳ȺһѳסĸߣСĸ峿ͣЩ˲̫ԡ
զͲ԰Ϊɶ˲ߣ˵զˣ峿ʵ̫ɾ߲ˡ
ȱˮȱӪڴ̫¸·Ź֡
ɲǰҼұ޽ˮء
ƼЩϲе϶۲գĳźľͷѹϷ˳ҴСģ˵۽ߣ·ʯʱ߿㣬ɽйˣ׼ɱ顭ҳ˾ɽǻˣ
峿ɵýŵ˵еҲˡ
û취ô룬ӣȱЩ˲ǣӦ֪ϢˣѺͺصĹٱҳְˡ
ƫƫߵʱ·ò룬˳Ǹޡ
̫ѡطˣ·߱ʯ룬ԼҵϣɽϵֵʱԮ˵ҲһʱĽų̣سٱ֪Ϣ֧Ԯƻ˶ˣ
طѡĺãٵĶҲĺãҪǴ͢һפعٱ˷ˣʱܻܲһɱ̫ߡ
Щ˵ޱֻҪ󵶣ʮоŸԹϽףǸȥԣҪǣЩ񲻻Ϊ˼׾ͷȥ٣˷ȥ״˼ܴһ׵Ĺ˾
˵ٵĳɱΪ㡢ΣΪ㣬ɹʰٷ֮١

峿¶ܵĻ
ѾզģĸɵܰɣЩ̸ǾƤˣ̸Ҳֵ˼Ǯͼɶ
϶𣿡϶šüǳģ׼һǲСĿ
峿ͬ˵Ķԣ֮⣬ҵǻˣ
˸ɶûʳĸ⡣
ѹկ˰ƻʳ峿ĿԶҪǡݲһ㣬ܿʹ°ҪЩ𡣡
ˣŻˡѾȴѾߣͷˣûб·ߣԶһЩҲС϶СʵڲУ۾׸ǣסҪ
ۿ߲ˡ峿ָźͨɽϵСһȺˣĿ࣬翸󵶣ôˡ
ĸɫһ䣬ץ϶½ǣզ죬ҵģզ죿
֪Ⱥø͸ѾŪϡ϶㣬ѾҲǣСģ󣬾Ƶˣ˵Щ˾ϲС˵ۡ
զզĸ⻰ŵĻǸͨũ̶ֳ֪ܶȡ
϶̾ûУֻҶѺӿĽȻ
ˣϹģ˵ЩֻҪ϶οסɶҾʹһһסЩˣʱѾһ˱һϽܣѾ嵰Ҫǽ*Ļ
϶ԶүӺ϶զ໰˻զ죿

϶ߺ峿˻ҶӣϡͿĿԭˡ
һûϴˣֳģټֻҪ۲ϹӲ£һע⵽ǵġ
׼ݶˣֻҪǷȥѡ
̫̫ʱҲŴ󷿺˹ˣʱҪŽһ¶⣬ûҲ¶
һŮ˺ͺӻ飬Ѽ֮ǰĶͷЬôݶô
ĥĥźϢȺŹȣ΢ͷɢ缦ѣ·ڲסжƤǣƿ
峿ͷһЩŴ󵶵˾վ·񣬵ȵۼһ𣬾ʱ
ߵľͬ϶ڵ׳ʶʮΪɶҪ·Ƿȥ𣿡
κ˼Ҹǣܿ˲ˣϵĲ󵶿ϣһ˴𵶵ľһһ˳˲ӣڳſߺˣ꺵أҶǿˣϴ˵ˣΪѣһ˷һ׶԰ɣʵǾͷߣЩеûģһһ۸缸»ʳ缸ۣüûˡ
ڼϵĵǵĶת·ݺ⣬ֻɱɱ˲䵨ѣ˵ڶ飬˾ͿʼͶˡ
ȻƵôԴ
и뷨ǣһһ˲׸˴ǲǿԳˣǼ׽гЧĻǲǿѧŵ㣿
ĸһŸϽ˺ˣ峿һΧ״̬Ͻĸƣ۱̫ͻŶߡ
ĸװײ˻ڰ֪ĻΪǸǬ治֪װ˶ٶ
û͵Щ׾ͳ˵ģʱҲˣĶõĳ
Ҳи𼸸С˼ģǰǳֵܣһõ׽ǵҲţ˵˵һ١
磬кðɣڶˣ׾͸̶ˣòд߰ɣͷ˽̸Գ󸻣ǰǸɣ˵ĺܡ
ӴǸǮˣУû׾ˣǮˡеǷ㣬ΣһѲƤȻߡ
ңûǮҲǸĳȥмǵģȥͶݵģݼǮ
ûûǮǿզ찡һյģȴɭɭɱȻƫƫλֵһû˵˼ӣֵܣ¶ð찡͵Ʋңһ·ͷ˽ϣҵݣҪɶҸŪɶ
󸻴Цһ˼ϴ󵶣ֵ⵶զ
õ󸻻Ǹ۵ģȻɫ֪˼ǴΪ潻˸ѣǰϧ󵶣һϹࡢɶϷֵ˴˵˵ս޲ʤ޲ˣ
ӴǣĲ٣ֻϧҲȲСˣ
Цŵ⵶˵ãϧһûԹ
֪ѵЦģǾ԰׼⡣
⣬ǿ϶ʯͷĴֻʯͷ̫Ӳˡ
ãԣЦĸˣ󵶿󸻡
ڡ
ӿʺѪҺؿڣͷǴ˽ᣬ
˵ĺúõҪԵ𣬲˵ֵΪɶ
˵ٴˣɽûˮˣѪɲ˷ˡԱһ˰Ťת壬˿ڳ£һóľͷӸ£ʺȵѪҺһβ
˴ӻͳС룬˰ѪȲУһ꣬̾һĨ죬ʰ




11.  ʮһ  ˣ   ѵ


ҵġ

󸻼˵Ŀ޺Ǳ˿ؼ˹˷ɱ
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Ψһ򶨵峿ȫעǵϣͿ˸˰ϷɱӺЩʶǵԹ
ǲû⵽ǵһġըëѼƵóȫһµĳͷɱ
κһȺҲɶɱֻЩɱ׶ѵɱˣ
󸻵ǶʱֻնȪڣҪˣôɶ
Ѿģ
ƴһ
峿ԥҪҪͷ
ǼƲã˵˴󵶣²£
Ǹö󸻵ļ˻һѱһʳſʬʣµȫ˲ӵļƵáɵۡ
Сۿһ·һ·͵ϣԴ׷ˣ˭
סӵۣ˽׳ӵ½ǲҺ˶ŵĸεһǻػεû䡣
ľԵһ˴͵գˣãǵñֵɱˡģ׽ˣľǾͿ뿪ˡ
ʵһ䡪Ǯƺͷ
ֻյɶˣһ㲻硣
κʵЩ˶˾سĹٱ

תһȦָǰû˶
˶д˭뵱ͷǸһ͸һ³أ
ʵ峿붯ģ⸱٣򶼺³ˡ
ĸסˣɶܣиߵĶţʵš
ʱǰͷһվ˳óһֻСݸһˣһһˣӶԵһ˷ݵģȱһǮ𣿡
ԡ˺ʹ֣һӡ
¶ŵɫ󣬲˵͸ﺢӺ˳ˡ
ʱίʵ˿ģһӣҪ
ӻĵģмǼǮģ˵ˣܶ˶ɾһͭ嶼Ҳ
еĿ϶Ҫɱˡ˵̾ӣȥ꣬һӵĽá
˻䣬ӻ֣һСк˹кĲȡһ˹ȥ𣿡
˽ͷҧˣȷϲǶĲſڷˣˣ߰ɡ
ָľ֮Ŀ϶ӸϽһСȥڼ˵û
˺ľӱӣˣɿ뿪
һĻĴ̼
һ˲ǣЩ˾ã
󸻵ļ˶˿æҵͭ塣
峿ЩˣһŲæɣżƢ꣬ȴҲûеİεͿļơ
ѵֻΪף
峿ǲŵġ
ãȫռˣҲٽĴͷٱ˽سˣţټôʮӡ
ǰʮˣͷжʮʮˣֶ׳꣬ܳԵʱ⼸ٽ׶ʮ첻ˡ
ʦڰգ׺Ͳ
ôδܴչʮ
мʮиëãһ׾ҪʮӣǮû
ԣ˵ĻҪ档
峿ҲûɵĽҴʣ֪ȿҪɶɡ

ĸҲæó˾ɺɰһףүӷ˶룬ʣ룬ĸ˸պù˵ġ
ΪӦүӣһʼͷɰһװףһװ˶ס
ĸûôֻ࣬ϽǺ뿪Ѿɶأզ
峿ס֣Աʹ˸ɫһɺɰҪͲҪˣͱȥˡ
ĸ˳ķ򿴹ȥǸ˼˵̫̫ת塣
ѾҲĸİĸһţ첱϶ǲզ죿
Ѿģʣ°ҵģ嵰үȥ׶ӡӣүܲܡ峿ƶ˳ְ׵ϣһĸţһǣ嵰ҿǳȥҺ嵰ȥҵ
ͳ϶ˣţүӳסֲߣͷ̫ԣĮ
ԭĽ̫̫ҲϢԶǡ
ĸЩɣȻ¶˽׻ͷ϶ᱻ˵ѣҪƽ
үүʵڲϻʱóǳȥ峿СҲõˡ
үԸ⻹ݰʣµȰ˵ĸȥԺгԵģҲһֻТˡ
ǣ峿вõԤС
ĸ۾һ峿˸ɰϣŷ㡣
嵰ǣסĸ½ǣС˱⣬Ҫҡ
ɵӣ￴㣬ߣ嵰ɶʱɶʱߣвĸ嵰գָ˺ľǱߡ
˵㻰嵰СĴָͷ
磬£һῴﲻߵġѾſ嵰˵
嵰浨С㲻Ҳû𣿡峿СһĶ䡣
ҾҪСһִĵ
ûٸСһԵķѣҪ
峿ۣ֪СԺȢϱҲô˵ˡ
ĸѾ˸ٵĲǰͷ˼ĸҲϽóѾǷݣ˳ͨվ˺ľͷ




12.  ʮ      Сײѽơ

ĸǱ߰ȫ˺ľ峿ȥ϶
ȴϴץŸ첲ߣˣүһƨϡ
󵰺ȻյүӸǰ˵ɶүӰڰʾͣ۾ֱֱĿĳ򡣡
峿˳߿ȥĸѾ˼װûоүӵߣ۾һֱŵϣΧΪզˣһĸų
ûԤеĺºη壬үӿЩʧһŤͷݺݵ峿ˣĿ⿴ˣҪˡ
϶ʱҲүӵ쳣ſԼӹվˡ
һʱ϶ĸˣдɶүɫŤͷžžžѸٹѵ˻һỰϧûɶã϶ҪϴȻǿǰߡ
Ŵǲע⣬ѾͶѾͷ峿¶֮ͬɫźϺ˵ɶﵽ񣬵˵峿ܼ˶Ҳû˵ɶ
ʱתͷ峿Ͻָָûż˵ɶȥһһš⣬šСŤˡ
峿ƿߣӦûôĻˡ
߻һ¶֮ɫףȻܿת峿ȴһסˡ
ֻǲԴżˣԭû˰ɣ
ü峿ƿߣ嵰ߣҵȥ
үү϶ȥҵүүϲۡ㣬Ҫȥ˰ɣ嵰ͷɥղһĻҲƼˣ䲻֪ΪɶСӶУܸоõүһ۵񡣡
治ȥ峿ͣǲȥɾͱүˣҲõҪˣԺ۾ûĺˣԣ۲Ҫˣ
嵰ˡ
˶ǲã϶ȷʵû˵߾ԼܵĲ
嵰ק峿֣֣ص㣬۾ȻصɣϲҲûе˼һ۸ҵġǰѸҵĺӾϱﺢ۸
á峿Сһ
˸ϵʱ϶Ѿϵľǰˡ

˵ʱ϶ᶼˣĸˣǷſңſң
ʵڲа϶ŪΰɡڵĲᣬϴƹˤ
ǵϣȫʱڵĻңҿɾһɾˡҲ̲סԹ
峿ǣ嵰ǰүɶ˼ҵզүˣ
˵̧֣壬ɿҵ
׼ɣүȵ
ڨڨԸ֣Ѿ̫ˡ
ϴһϽ֣ѾһţȶôӲֲ˵ģ֮һΡ
үӱ׵ĵ϶ߵŮӸǰɴ˺Ƥ϶Լ˵ҪߣҪǸŮߣҪǸŮߣھ͸дϾ飬ԺʯͷûӣҪߣԺ󵰿ˣȢһϱ
϶ôҲû뵽Լĵ˵ĻҲҪȢҸ֥ѾˣҲĸŮܣ֥ɶ˵һͷѵһˣܱ˵ǻ𣿡
УүҲΧ񣬱һָĸķ򣬡ûѡɣ
峿̲סֿڡ
϶˵ֱ֮Ѱ
̲סͬ϶ˡ
һ׵Т˳ġ
һϱͺӣ֪ƫģԸƴĲϱͺӡ
׵ģڱѡһһ
϶ſϥصľˡ
峿嵰Щ嵰밲ο峿ҡҡͷȵȻ
϶Ӽϵϱ֮䣬һǣίѹˣһ޾͵ͷѹ
ҪǶ𣿡޵һڶݺ˰嵰
峿̧Ű߳ȥ˵ҪＸˣֵõ˵ġ
嵰ͷȥοοȥǵýղŽĴܳٳ١
嵰͵Ȳˣܹȥһף۲գĶ϶ѡǰɣүү̣дһҡһңҺ㡢Сֻ㣬Ҫû˵ǹ¶ĸˣ˭۸ǣ嵰嵰㣬˻û˸嵰嵰ֻ۾գ˼ôá
Сһ˵˵ž뵽Σɵú۾Ļǿס⣬۽ǣӣͯ
Сײѽ,ѽ
ѽû˵ѽ
,ùѽ
µȢѽ
׵ѽ,׵ѽ
Ȣ˺,ѽ
ܱܵǿѽ
ܴܵ޶ѽ
Ҫ´ֲѽ
ܵܳ,Һѽ
ѽ
׵ѽ,׵ѽ
׵,˭֪ѽ
׵ѽ
һӻѽ

һѽ
׵,˭֪ѽ
׵ѽ.
һӻѽ
׵һѽ
Сײѽ,ѽ
׵һѽע1




13.  ʮ     ϶֣

У˶жᣬΨ峿ԾŴͣϲϡ
Сײˡ϶·Ͻ̸嵰ġ
ʵү϶ĸŮĸͼҪ̫ԡ
϶ûǵ˼Ҳʧȥ϶һѡ
·ʱ̣Ѵʸ嵰һ飬ظ˼ǰͷ䣬ʣµⷢӣ벻Ļƽʱڼӡ
˭֪嵰Բ죬ȻеĴʸˣ
ǣֻ˵һ飡

嵰˵볪סСײˡԼϵһ§ϵ嵰뵽Լүү̵ƫۣ§һޡ
϶˵жǼٵģһ̣ĵȷƫϱͺӣԶһ
һĻ峿ķ´롣
춯أүڵĸеһƴˡ
Ϊ嵰Ļ϶ķӦΧǱĵĿ⣬ǳֵ̽յƣ°˸һɶƤ˺ڵϣ˵ĽصĲȣ
үӺݺݴ˼ʵ϶ѡ˭
¾峿ȵĲУܶ಻ӵˣ»ּܼĶ١
ǵ˵үƤأ˵ʺã
ҪǺòã
ҵġ
峿ŤͷȥѾ޵ᣬĸ۾ͨ죬ˡ˶ĿרעĶ϶
϶ʹͷǴǻ﷢һ㣬ƣңѡ֥ͺǡ
϶ô˵Ե۵𣿡ϴһʹļס
죡үܴӿĸ첲ִʣ϶Ϊɶ
嵰о仰˵û֥ͺûѻȥûңд󷿺ﱾͲϲңҲûӰ첻𣿻һһԺǵ˵
ãããԺȥ˱ңү˵áǿŭ¶һһϴߣ
峿֣ү
϶֣ѾҪ˵ˣүүﲻܡ
峿Ц˵ֲɵģԼԺõģ۶Բģѧ嵰һ̨Ҫ֣Щʱ͸뵽ǻģ
ž
Ѿ϶һƴ峿ϣС˵䣬үүѾ֪ˡ
֪ƨϰľ棬˵ܳϾͳϵģڿſҲĶӲˡ
峿ûмүӣôҲû
ۿûдּأͷ˭ܶ۲һš峿¡Ͼַĵ϶һƿ̧øߣȴᣬûоԸصһƻϾϵ飬϶ᣬ嵰ǳڲǰȥ
ѾۼҶĹ˭Ƕ
峿֪үҪǶǲˣڴӽܸһӷֿõջˡ
ͳŶ룬Ǹʵ⣬Ȼǳȥ׼ȷ˵϶ȥǸõһȫӵġ
϶ûֻüͷܼнƿˡ
峿ϥ붼֪ɶүӸ˵ˡԺȥ˱ҡҪףԴ
˵үүȥ
ôһ峿ǰ˰յǰ˵үõؼأ
ò˵ϵƤ񣡡
˼Ҿǲɶ취
׵ı
֮峿òͷӵóѣʮ׹ӣҪƷõġ
ɣɶ
˵峿ûнͣʮӺֱɰʮͨ峿һѽ϶嵰˳ȥģҵȻܳȥ
Ѿ϶֣ĳźɫ½ƮԶ
߲ߣ߾ɣ忸Ŵ󵶣ͷĵ
ĸȻ󸻵ΣɲǡϽְ嵰϶ŭʵҵģû׹ǲǰҲûѾû취
嵰ĸ½ǣСߵʮ׹ߣ˵а취żУ˵ۼûõּ飬ҲûϾ飬ãͷ嵰гϢˣ󲮺Ҫռۼұ˵ġ
ĸʧЦ嵰ԴͷһԸӵİɣ
ǣǽ˵ġ嵰ޣզ˵Ļ
ѾʵڲУٽȥѾ϶ĲУǶİҲѾһˣŪһӣǻһɱʹ졣
ſ嵰ѾȥĸûĵҪַּ
Ͼ飬ĸ롣
ⱻ֪Ҫǵġ
˵˽ԶЩͲǺ˼
Ѿ϶ɵĶɶˣ
ɶҲûСĸͷĻӿ϶ֻи²⣬ͺûԣѾҵѹһҵ
һ˽ĵȴУŶӵԽԽ࣬û峿Ӱ
еĻ
ˣˡĸ˵۽ǣ¶常еĳ峿峿ĵͷ
ʮֻŴɹʣµ߿Ŷû
ŵ˳ҵӣָˮɣľЩ
ҵò꣬ʣµĶڶж׹ӽ塣
ɡָ˺ľмͨ
Ѿĸһѱס峿ʵﻹΪˡ
峿ϲ֮෴ǣүǱߣ˶ɫѿ
԰һһզǸأǰզﲻֹϴ°ʵ
󣬡϶ɩǻҶӰƤ۳ˣҶҿˣ۵ĺܣһǲȱˮģó϶صù




14.  ʮ  ο   㡭

϶ҵطǲȱˮׯڣѹնɩе˼ǿ۳ԵƤۣҲнڲԣ϶˵¶Ȼı϶ҲǣõĵطҴţռ˱ˡ
Һʹ絹ûϵɶǳԣ϶֪ˣǸġ
˵ҡͷһʹ֮ɫʣµĻû˵ȴ˵ĻҪġ
֪ĻΪ϶ʮء
үԭͺڳʱܲԭȶ϶ôһ˿˿һʧͷŭͻ⡣
ŭԼϹ϶ôһϱӱ롣
ڵ϶˾飬֪գ׺͸ý˾
Ҳˣ̫̫ڹȥַʱүûŲ˵װûƼһƵĿŰЬ
󵰣㻹ǼΨһĶˣǸû㵱¶Աɫͬѿ˵
Ҳȷʵ˵ˣȴΪĻΪ֮ǰ嵰ŵζɿڣӦĳֹӵζ
뵽ֻÿˮˡ
ƲûдǲҵˮԴܻܿҵ˺ܶԵģ
챻үӱųԷȵͷһĵɬӿϺͷ۾ĺŨصҪˣƤס
ϴүӾĳκ㶼Ψ󵰲У
Ƿүӵļɻ䣬ŲӶ㼸Ӻͷ
үүģ岻ҲܲϴǳǳЦݡ

ȻѾ˺Ƥ峿Ȼ۸ͷϣ۳̫̫һ߹峿ҪԴ
Ӹһ룬бܳһ˵̫̫ǰͷ̣ΧſۼЦءɶͷ˽˵
ǣ󵰣塪
̫̫û˵ͱǿи˻ȥ
һĻүӺο
Ը϶ȴûǸʸġ
϶ɿȭͷο

ĸɫųģƲʮ˽⣬Ҳа˷ˣǸģ˭֪Ūһɶ
ͬĻ峿
ûǰų֮ɫף󵰣ˡ
ԣһĵİġ
ҵģ۸Ͻ߰ɡĸ֮Ա߾һȺŴ󵶵ˣԸڴ˾
ղûûӵģüĺӵѺһӵĹɽվ˺ЩͯǱġ
ԣ۸Ͻߡ϶ЩҲ£󸻱ɱʱվڸֱһĻʮִ󣬵ȶǶġ
һ£ҵģۼǷּ˰ɣȥҵôдּ飬˳ۼҵĻҪȻͷۼզؿĸȻǰͷզҲҪ˷ֿͷ˽Ҳһء
û˵Ҫּҡ϶ͷ
⻰峿Цһ˲Ը϶ǶǴˡ
ĸ۾ˣѵø϶˦ӣ϶ǺڸＸˣʱڲ棬ȥɣû㣬Ｘֲǻȥ
ǣҽ͡
Ѿ嵰Žת϶
ѾҲǸ˼һֻҵϾСˣӳԲϺȲϣܻңҾҵϡ϶
峿һĲãүүõĺܣŲסүүܳס
ľϵܣΪֻһ۾ܿүʢܱȵֻ󵰡
϶Ҫĸһȥȥȥ
ȥȥȥ𣿡϶һͷͬʱֳصȸԾΣȻȸүүˣǣǲǾͲ÷ּˣ
峿˵Ҫ𣿡
ɡĸԴӼ޽ĵһˣүүҪأղֳ˳أ᲻Ƥĸ鲻˵Ժڼһţ
ﲻ˵һүͷҪܻƤָһܲõͿүܲѹסˡ
Ѿ˵үΪɶǵøۣû죬𣬿Ҳ۰һûˣܲסĸã治֪Լүˣ
峿ӵҸ۰ҵ˴󲮺үүߵĽмǲƤۣһˣҲˣӲүү϶͵ҶӰƤ۳ԣⲻ˵ҵóԵˣԼԶʳ˵үү̴үүⲻ̲סˣ۲Т˵󲮺崵磬󵰸Ȱ䣬үү¶ĲҪ˲֡
峿үһʼܾǣ˭֪һ϶ͻȻʧȥƿء
ĸ뻹ǣǾԼͦ޹ģ֪첻Ҷˡ
峿øҶûɶϵү̫ƫˣǼһֱȱʳ϶ĸҲһֱҵԵάסĿǰƽ⣬ЩѾõìܳҪ
峿˵ŻҲûע϶һȥͱ̫̫ס˵̣զЦеģ
ĸһˣ
峿һЦˣǡ
ԡ峿߷ɿɨ͵ץסĸֱۣأզڣ




15.  ʮ      ֽ

֮ǰ󵰾̫̫ߵģ
ûĸ˶ѿſĶдȥˡ
˭֪ùĺܣһͣ¶Ҫѧϰġ
ԡ峿ﲻԣѾ嵰һ󵰡
úúãң𼱡ĸ䣬ѾСɤź㣬㣬󵰸Ƕ
峿˳ָķ򿴵󵰽ŷƵֽƬݸ塣
󵰸ɶ˸ɶĸšü˵үøģȻǸӣ
峿һʱҲ벻󵰸ɶ̧ű㱻嵰ס˿ȣ㣬㣬ΪɶҪӣ
峿תֻ󵰽ʲô
û
ȻǵһĴǸǸҧӡӻͷ嵰ͷĵҿģǸӡӾ
峿һԴզ˲ܰ嵰ѰӿǹĿš
Ҳ˰ɣ󵰰ֽƬ壬ӣ¶϶ԡ峿Сһ׶ϷŹզԵ޹ʵĸۼйأܻӵֽţûɶ
Ǹӡ̫̣ܾ󵰶ԼҲ⡣
Ȼǻˣ嵰С󣬹żû֪Ŀ¶˵ɶ⺢Ӳ֪࣬ٿ˫̥Ѿһ¶
ΪɶܻǮûУ峿ҲһϹ
֪ŴĻ൱ǰ֤֤ݣǳ֤ͨ·ϸ£˻֤˵ݡ
Ψû˵
զˣѾ嵰ŵС
峿תͼĸŭȼգһһٵĵΪɶܻǮ⻧
ȥȥһҪȻһӾˣ˲Ͻĸץס峿ֱۣ鼱У˵˵ﲻҪȥ򣬸ϽүҪҪõ
żҲһǻģǲǣۼҵĻһõ峿֣صĵѾ嵰ｻǡ 
Сֻػ峿ŵүӸǰүѻɣˣ£ͷεĺܣ۸ϽҸӸƲɣ
϶һͷͼĸڵϣɵüˣȳѾզ¶




16.  ʮ     ֽ˼ۡ

϶ĸûմˮˣƫ̫̫˵˰죬ûܸү˵ϻ˵Ƿּҵ¶ûüᡣ
һߵѾզˣһֱﶢţָ̧£ȻϲѾ*ġ
ɶ򣿡̫̫һ϶ϣ۵峿ҵ֥߻װģ׽һ㣬ˣҲˣͷӣϽģһҵĻ˰ɣҲӣԺ󰡣Ҿֻˡ
˵̫̫һĻģŹȱѾˣ϶һεĳ̫̫ıӰ
峿Ҳ۲գĶ̫̫ıӰ
о̫̫˵ĺܣһŵüͷչˡ

ΣԼɡүӰŻ϶תͷԱ֣󵰣дּ飬ۼûУֶûĶ֡
峿Цų󵰣ǣŸӣ˩Űڵһˣ
ү֮Թ˺ľΪЩˡ
ҪûУ᲻ãүһʼЩͷأզ˵Ҳһӵģ˼Ҽ˶֤Ƥ㻹˵ĻԺ֪˭Ҹ
ɣʣµĶǱĴӵģ˼ҲأרŷŻˣǴӵ¶զզǵͷֲ
峿ĳЩҲĸԸģҪЩļ˶Ƥ̸еʱвЩҪԵûУҪһʱԼЩûǾǰˡ
׻˵߳࣬īߺڣܵĻ治±вǰµһӶһˣ
˭֪ǳԲ⣬˭֪һתԼҺɶʱ˱߶֪
ӻ·Сıʣ¼ٸ˻˲ÿ
ֻǧģûǧշģѡǺͳһ
ȡļǣȻ˲ӡ
βáвԼˣһ¡ȣ
šǰǻƤˣʱ
Žż֤óװЩˡ
Ҫ峿˵ίʵð취
ҪǸɱ˶ʡ¶ûˣƤЩ֤۵
㲻ɱҲðѻõˣ˭֪үӴȵĺܣһҪÿֻƤۣЩԸˣֵõ
ʵүӲǲ֪ҪסˣһЩĺܣԼֲţԸɲҪҪǺ˱Ƽò˵ˣԸӰ˷ˡ
һү󵰵ĻҪ˵ĹƨȷȣŹøǣš
Ū˲ãɻڴ̫µţοգ
ǰӰƤߵ磬ҲûˣȻƾ϶ԣһӿ϶õȵߣ˭϶
ߺãТõչ˺ϱͺӣⲻ֪ô׵¶ͷֻ߶úá
ջԶ˵˼峿װȵʵүЩզˣǽ
үӳ󵰣զģ
Ǽ˸ˡָźľȺǻš
ʮֺ峿ʶš
ãЩ˳ֽĴۣ
Ѿֽ֤ҵĻˣǸϢ
ֽɶֵܸ˵ܵʮ˵ף
У󵰾ô󷽣ʮʡôף
Ҫ֪ŷȵͷأ
󵰿ǸģôĿɶأ
үӺ϶ЩզһҲģͷʾԼ֪˱дּ顣
峿ǻʣ󵰻˵
ЩǣȥҲ˵ģΪġǵļ˱ץȻЩҲֵܷЩڣŶӲ˵Ҫ취˳
ʵ֪Щ˱û۾żҲûٱֹŪǶ϶ĸŵвһŲҵ˵
ʵõİ취壬˵ͷһһ츳Ķֻ࣬һѿеġͷû˵˵ġ

һûɶҳ£ΪԷһ峿ĸ»ʵԡ
Ͻȥš϶ûһ峿ˮˮȫʪӸͷҵ¾ͻء
ϡ峿ӦһҪĸһͲˡ
ããۼһĸӹһȷȫԸϽӰ㲻˵ŽǸľͷѰ˸ʵ
ǰΪ˵Ҳ֮ܵǰ˵ǵרд𣿻ñ˻Ǹĸӡ峿ʵ
ģӲĸ֣嵰ѾҲţӻģûǰ㽲·ͼźüûģû취Լ˲סˣֻܰѺóģһͷܻһ嵰ģѾŮӸˣɶߣеĶԺӵϱҪ֤Ҫ͸ߵģһĶɶȥû֪
ĸûϸ˵զãŻСģ峿ȴ˲ˣЩҪʵ˫ͥղĽ˶죬˭ûл
ѾµĽ§סĸȣңѾԺ󲻳ԹӺƤˣֻҪѾ
Ѿ£ﲻᶪǵģﻹǸϣ׷˵Щ֪˵Ǵ㣬˭ĻǴ󲮡壬𣿡ĸ֣ص˵
·ֲû˸ĸѺӸ˵ݣ󷿺˴ѾͶѾ˶ɶˣ˵ֵܱܽá
ţֻͽĻͷҲߡѾ
嵰Ҳѧ˵һ飬ĸ¿ѾǶɶأиү¶𣿻ɶҸճţЩզҲˣǼ˲ǻû𣿡
ϻҾ͸ϽˣûʣҲ˵ʵпܴݾߣҴ׻ȥүּͬˣȥ󵰷ּдզˡ峿
ĸίʵŲԼˣԹȥҲ֪үӲҲȥүأȥɣүɶֵҪɵ׻ˣ󸻶ûŻɲ׼ȥһиôҵÿϹ۾
ĸ۾峿û˵ļҺӿŵҲİ

вɣ
峿զ죬ֻĸһǻĸ
ҲȥˣȥǶаɣ峿̯̯֣ܵ󵰸ǰŰϵֽ󵰵дίʵ̫ˣǷ֣˰ǿֽϵ˼
ǹȥ˷ּҰɣûǮҲûɶˣͲ϶ˣԹˣƤĶűŰɣԺȻһˣǻҪһȹѹء
ѾȱˣǼ֤ˡ
զˣզˣϵ϶ԼҹŮƤͦ񰡣үӶŶ£˹ŮԸ
ﲻҵģҪˮš峿ڵ
УȻһȥ˵϶һĶŷּ飬ʱϱĶ
үЩզд̧ͷʵ
ϣ塣үӰ֣ߣ϶һܻܲߵ϶⣡
ԺҲû϶һ
үӿô˵϶ȴܴӦǲ˴𣬵Ը󣬽ͷȴܵҪǻڴǰӡ
ⲻУ󵰣дּҺÿ¸ʮͭ壬ϸʮһһ£Ҫ񡣡
϶ѾҲû㰴մôȻ¶Цݡ
Ҳźӵͷ壬ø
үЦŰ֣Ҫܰ·ּң
󵰺Ȼ̧ͷʵ壬㻹ү𣿡
ϰ϶šüֶզô壬Ҳûɶɣ
Ȼү㣬֪ĶˮΪɶүȣ򲻼үɳɶ𣿡󵰱֣һ߸ϵģʵ
϶Ҳ֪ĶˮȻˡ
峿ȴ֪ΪɶʣΪҸ׳ˣǾͻҵˮԴҵ˳Եġ
ү滹˵治үЩ˵ֱӸдϾ鲻Ǹã󵰱ĵĵ϶ѹүƫģҲûеģİǡ
󵰣û˵ģ⵽ţҵĶˮȥ㵱ɲɣ϶ҲĲᣬ󵰱߻ˣ˵ûò
㣬ȻûҵˮûҵԵģһˣүһ룬ֻʣ¶룬ཻĶĶģ
Ծõ˶岻Тİѱ°̧ϸߣͲñǿˡ
ĻǼʡ
ΪɶҵˮԴͳԵĲԼأ
ȻտǷȵͷڶ죬һһζǸ




17.  ʮ     ĸġ

һ壬үӡ
˹ע㲻ͬĵǣ壬󵰵ĵ˼㽻һ룬ľûԸŪȥ
Ҫ֪϶ҿˣһţүӾôĳţ
жô򱧲ƽ׼ҽףɾһŮɲ
Χ޵үһõɨ󵰣˵⺢ӣɶ¶Ҳ϶ίʵûˣǱŰЩ˭֪϶´һתԸͳˡ
峿Цүӿαͷ֪Ҫ˵ɶȴûţɼҲּɵģΪѹͷϴҾͲ֪ˣ
û󵰸
׵¶ײȱҲǶģöײ˵Ѹ취ף˭֪˭үܴճʮӻܱ
峿ľϵܣүӾһӶľǱˣ
ǳԽȥö˵ģԵȥԵ㣬Ҫ࣡
˭ǵ
峿Ｑתȴδ¶ֺ뿴һӻ޳ܵɶ̶ȣҲ˳϶úóֶӵ
󵰵ûʧҲȷּǣ˸壬¶˵ҵĲԣЩѧϰ̫ùͷƣүҰһಹ塣
˵ֳ϶֣壬ȱĶҶ¶ү޹أҪԹ޾ͺҰɣ˭岻óһࡣ
үӸжˣַ󵰣⺢ӣ˵ɶۼΨһһˣҪǿˣԺǻָ˭׶øԣ϶㵱Ҳ˵䣬ú¶ͷ岻ûզѧ
϶ϴǳЦ󵰣岻㡣
峿ȴͿ϶һƬ֮ɫ
塣ٴο϶ױҳˣҵĴҳϣҲԼĴ˵һ˵״Ķģ
¶ͱҵˡ峿վ˳˵
϶Ѿ嵰׵¶ȻǼܺߣҲᱻ˲ܣ˭ĳТء
ЩŪģҳ˽ȥģа峿ſ¶¶ҵ֪
϶ȻһľȣѾЩĶŪģ
峿û֪϶Ǻ⣬¶ˡ
£һĵĴҵģҿģ͵ŴЩҿŸһ峿ſںߣҲǸ˭ˣһҲҰ¶˵ȥ
һֶţ㣬ΪɶԵ޹ʵİ㣬˭֪һ׾һ˭ܻһˣ
үͬˣǴ󵰣ӾǴ
ΪҾĶӡ峿Խ˵Խ˳ǱóˣҴѾ嵰ȥҳԵ֪ɣ
󵰵ͷԣóȥһ磬ֱŻ
ԣǻץǸĶӣѴˣҸǻ˵Ҫҵˣӵþˣ˵ҪңҾܾˡȻǽֱҼײ͵͵һ
˵ͼүӺɸֵĵ۾Ͳûдϡڡˣ֪Ļ϶˺ŪѾһܻ
ûҲ֪ûŲţ׵
ԡ峿Цһ󵰸磬ҵͷβͲ֪˵ɶˮɶ׵ġ
峿˿̺ǵ⣬ۣĶ׶԰
ͷ˲¶ײȫ˿ǣʹơ¾ɣһǷ˺üĳףĻҲһ˿©
󵰣ҡͷԭȻռȻŴҶǰԼҵСŮ˵󵰣ͷ롣
ү󵰸磬˵Ҷ˵ˣڿԼּ˰ɣ峿˵
峿ͷд˷ּ飬ֻһд˼֤֣Լүӡ̫̫˵
ȣдī͸͸ˣȸһ飬Ҫд飬ﱣһݣ˫һݣү峿ȥϴҲҪֽϰӡ
ϴ϶ɵһˣ׷һŰ˸л֣ƽʱѴ󵰿ı̫̫Ȼ󵰾Ըˣ̫󰡣Ǿ㼱Ÿ·
ų˴ѾѾЦЦ˶һģ峿Ҳƨˣ˭ϡƵġ
峿õԼǷݷּ飬Ѿǰʱ֮ˣԼǷݱүӾߣһǲȥӣ峿Цѡ
ӹּϸһ飬ȷû󻹸϶ȥɡ
ȥ׻Ȼܾò̫ԡ
ֻͼȻŵ˳峿ʶ϶ܣۿȥ
϶ܵı죬˵ĸǰҲˣӴȫڰ֪Ҫ
˲峿ĳȵף߲ơ
϶峿Цʵү¶Ҽҽ⣿
û⡣ֲһֽ㿴
峿ͫ͵һ󵰸Щֽ
˲ϱ¶ԼʶֵΣգȲ쳤˲ȥֽͷ֡
ҵңֻҵġ峿ǿ籡ŭɱ⣬ѸѰ֣ڶС
϶ѾĴΪ̫ɽʱ򡣡
϶ʶֲ࣬˰ҲûɶҪʣ峿һѾ㡪
峿ַʣͷֱ峿峿嵰
Ѿզˣ϶ĸŵץĸ첲ֽдɶ
峿סŭֽ£и֣ǵˣ¶˭
̵̵ֽ̣֣֣ĸץס峿ĸ첲ӿ𲻺õԤУ֪ж಻ϲģ̣
ˣ峿Цſ϶ң嵰ѾˣˣԼǲǡ¶ǲӡ
žһ峿ֽ϶ؿڣ϶ʶֲ࣬򵥵ֻʶģɲţĶŮˣˣʮӣ̧ͷϣĿ壬ǲǸˣ
Цһֽ֣զҴֶָҵģ˵̫̫ģ̫̫ԶԶĻҵͷȷأ
϶һ˿ϣôûˣòʵĺӡѾˣĸסؿڣҧ촽֪Լ̫̫үϲѾŮզµֵģΪ
ԣ֡ӡУּҲ󵰵ģͷһ峿ּݸĸҾ˵ΪɶŸ·֪ţ
Ѿ⻰ɶ˼ĸĲûбתͷĹˣѾҲһˣһ˵ЩҲûˣ̰˶Ǯ
ֽڣǸ浽ٸûãõİ취ء




18.  ʮ  ɱ   Ժۼˣ

ǳԶˣ
ҲԵļҡ
һ̣峿ĶɱģҪ׷ȥɱ̫̫̫̫ϵ˺϶ݣ׾Ĳˡ
Ҳȷʵ©꣬Ϊˣ뱻֪ûڹٸֻƾ׷ڡ
ֻҪŪŻգһû취
ǡ
ڻԣŪ⼸ʮŵˣѵصҲҪɱ
ΪԼҲɱٺ˵£ǲ£ԣ
˵ǳԶˡ
һ峿ֻܶԼ˵ӳɡ
ЩҲǹӳŵζɼˣɱ˲¶ΪҵûֳĻġ
ǳʮ˫еĻ屶
峿ȥͼĸ϶塣
˫۾Ѿ嵰ϣߵʵ˶ģ
峿Сֻǰ棬岻ʵջߣ̬ǿӲľܾ϶屶С̸ǰʱҼǮǾͿˣᣬͷˡ
˵գ϶ˣ˾֪ͨԷ޵ģ˳㿴Щ˻᲻ܣպֿˡ
ֻԶЩŲ΢ͣǸ峿ŮӲ̫ԣ֮ǰоϽɱ⣬ϴĻҪ˵սľ
һ̣ƺһѵڲϣֻҪŮһĲӾּܷҡ
ǱϴҪصɱ
ⲻ԰ܱϴɱصֻսĽһŮ˵ɱˣɱҲδɱ͵ɱ
ҲΪˣԭһҲŹȴòı⣬һˡ

峿³һͭ嶼ûУ˵ʱʮʱҲòʮ
զ죿զ찡ĸʧǵĴջߣһӿǰܾúַˣͻȻһ˸Ժӽһ޲ʱ⵹ĺӸãÿһ̶ÿģ±ҲҪӴӣ
ûкҩ
ʱҲᵹ
ĸ¥ӣ̧ͷűպȵ̫ĺǱߣӴԺҲպ̫ˡ
һ̣ȵ̫
峿ûп֪ĸŻˣСҲŻˣҪʱ˿ڣŪ״զ졣
Ѿ϶ųصĲ߹
ĸ̧ۣ˵ɺͱŭ
ҲĸǨŭ϶Ϊȥ϶סεˣõڻǲŪˣզ¶
ʵ֤̫̫׼ȷ˵󵰵£
ʵ̫̫ˣһũ̫̫ҲδǸȻǱ϶үӷ֣ٺܾܿǱݳҡ
ֻ󵰲⣬ܻ˳ŻܰЩ˴ߣ̫̫ߣ¼ˣ
֪ԼҺʱ󵰣ݵ֣Լ֪󵰶ǵ⣬ȴԾûܷס֣
ͱٴ̼ˡ峿Ȱ
϶˵ɶû˵ڣɥһˣѾңȥ׷ү϶ûԶ̻
峿Цһ棬̫̫ʹŴһˣûаʱ׷ˡүӣдģܱȵֶӣ
ֶӣ
϶Цƽʱ˵жãҲԼҺӲɵͷһãΪõˣһһѣԨ
϶ͨ۾ѾûʮӣҲܶѾ嵰ǵһɣܣܵԶԶģûҵõĵضԺۼˣԺǹ¶ûûֻǣ
϶ԼԣҲĸŮı֤ˣˣ
Ժ϶ӣֻĸ

峿ó϶кͼᶨľġ
ٸһλᣬϾ£һ˻϶ᱻɱҲ֮С
ˡ峿ĸĨᣬҪңһΡ
ĸӣѾ˵㡣
֪ŮܣͻȻҵʵĹӣͻȻʶ֣ͻȻ˺ܶ࣬ͻȻͳ˼ʵĶ
Ҳ峿˵ˣֻ˵̫СˣۼѹأҪһȹܹ磬úõʰ
ãﶼġĸץС֣ҲҪǽĻ
СĴأͷβҲԸĴƵСţֻĸһ£Ҳƴ
ܾͲҪˣҲֻܲӵ峿ָɽ£˩ʮƥ֫ý




19.  ʮ     ҪǸ

ֻҪ˷ˣ׷ϲʱ⣬ʱȨɾͲˡ
ٿ˼һֱء
浱ܾˣ
ˣ
϶ɫܲÿҴұܿ񣬶£ɥץͷզ찡
Աߣĸ§Ѿ嵰ĸһľ
¶ѾҲѾǽˡ
ȥүӡ϶ûκΰ취ˡ
ҪңһΣ¶죬ұ׼Ѿ嵰õĴ峿˵
ʵھͿԽ壬ûҪ
һҪõܣع⡣
һһףȥתһȦܲŪЩʺǮ·ҲзѲǣȥϻһµ·̣Ū
ȻȻܿˡ
Ѿɶ취˵ĸʵ
ҵİ취˳Ȼż׵ܵãզ͸ˣͷ˻ɽϣұ׼Ѿ嵰Ȼ峿˵
Ըδظա
ϾžͲǸǰɱͲоŻѣǲ
취ĸȴˣȥѾˣȷΣ
ԣۿ˵õң
ã㡭ۼҲòʮҪһѣ˲עʱȳܵ𣿡ĸȻ򣬡ˣҸҲȥʱ˶෽㻥չˡ
ţƤĳɹΪ㣬һˣǵѺҲֲܰɶ

峿ȻĳЩˣҪ˵Щɶ˵Ļ˳µĶˡ
µĲĻǲдȺЩ˵֪Ϣܣ
ǽҵòãһףһ֮ⲻھƣҪǸˡ
ҡҡͷ峿˵˲ҪҵģȻ϶ҵģǾ͵ſˡ
ģΪɶ
ģ峿ѾѾ£˵ÿ仰ģǾ͵ſˡ
ΪɶȻǱŵġ
ֻϧֻһˣ˼˶ڣŹȴŵѾ嵰

̫ԽԽߣ˺ľɨһ峿һҡ
һӴܾˣҲ֪Ϊɶߣѵڵˣ
Ըܻʱ֪ûȥ¶뷨Ҳһţܿ챻ϢҪഢƤӡ
ľ棬ɵĵڻˣһǱ΢ð˸ͷ͸Ͻȥ
峿Цһãɽϻɫһȥʮˣܲܰɽ۹ˣͻһˣʣµˣʮа˾ű˸¡͡ˡ
븸·ͷȲĸǰ壬ƤҪĲ嵽ǰͷһĸܣͷ׷Ƶá
̫ԽԽ峿ɵİͣĸȥɽ£ɢľ
۳̫ͷԽԽ٣¸۵ںľǰţʣµ˴չˡ
ЩͯǸһɽ͸ֵѾ嵰ˡ
峿ĵ˵϶ĸ۳˻̲סĻսѰ
Сģ֪̫Ž㣬ǿСһ֮ɫ
Ҳ֪óʮ̫һѣֱó峿϶ؿڣѾ嵰֣ɣСһǸˣ
һɣʵһֻεİڵϣ峿κηӦ̳
Щ˵ɱ˾Ǻˮһ򵥣ȷò׼峿ǸɶⶥͶȴ˵ӣ֮⣬ͬȫƴĿš
峿΢ЦſĵܵãСһɰֶ¶Ȼദʱ̣Ǻܿϲ
СһĬĬĸˣֻȥתһȦͷЦų۵ͽ㡣
ĸ̲סˡ
϶۽Ǻˣ죬˵Ѿ嵰ŵȥǡ
峿ЦĲãǿŲֵ֧ܵǵĵ
ֱͬǻϣ¿ʱŲѱˮʪ͸
ͬߣĻͷȥǸʼնûҶֵŮӣվޱ飬ݺݵģϸֻһָͷܰ⵹
Ȼ˴֮ǰĸӦŨҵɱ𣿡
壬ˣʮ̤̤ΧתһȦŮݲû⣬ɶɿģ
ûָǰЩͯǸһߡ
Ѿ嵰ǣ֣׷ǰͷĴ󲿶ӣʲôҲ£Ϊ˵ǻ˵ҺóԵģҵ˹ӣ˵Ǹ嵱滹˽




20.  ڶʮ  ·   һʮȵĺᡭ

߰ɡԶѾߵĿˣ峿òĸ϶
áĸĨᣬѾɶʱȥѾ嵰
϶Ҳе
ҹ䡣峿˵ʱ仹磬ҸϢ
ﲻ𣿡϶ɵʵӽ԰Щ
Уͷɽϳզ죿ǲһ۾֪ǲģͷɽҪ©֮ˣȻɵľǣҲǡ
峿ˡɱ˾·˻ɵϡ
ǰһ·ȺͷҪ·ˣһ˶֪ǼҵڸǰûǸʱ䡣
ϾʱĿɲһǼʮŵˣǴ󰸡
϶峿ĸĸ־Ҫ˺ˣÿһΣľҪʹһΣĺҲҪһΡ
峿סȱ˺ţԺǵ*Ů֤ݣ˵һվõ
Ѿ˵öԡĸб۳϶һ˵Ļܹĸߡ
϶û⣬Ѿ˵ûǸţʱǸүǳ׶ϾϵԺҲߵĶûйϵˡ
ĸɫЩ䣬𣿡
ûʳȴҪҴһ˶֪˵̵֪ġĶôӻ·ԼҺӵģ
󵰻鿼ԣⱲӣҪֵֻصũ񣡡

˵Ҫߣȴϵһʱ֮󡣡
ɽ˲ٵĲݸϣ䵱Ŀ
峿վ˽ڣŪ˽幫ķѹӻ·̲ˮȫˡ
İ׳¼ӣʣ¶ûˣץһѿףҧһڷѣˡ
ֻ˵ĸ϶гԷѣ˵ҪѾ嵰
峿޷ֻвǲԾˣͷԭصţһȥѾ嵰ҲҺȣܲ
ĸ϶һ˼ѳˣβϳһġ
ׯ˵̫̫ݳˣǲҲܡ
峿ûȰԱ˻øϽ̫ɡ
飬ίʵȵ˴ѣǾ·ʮа˾Ű·ɡ
ǰС¶Ҫġ
ԣ֮ǰҹ·ҵطϢܵļˮʧ
Ҳ֮٣Ҫˣˡ
ϴ̫ɡĲǰˣʱʣ϶Ų˵ֻ֦һӹˡ
С
ŷĺܡ
峿׮ӣһ׮ò˵ꤣһ׮ƽмһϸ̫ɡꤰ׮ͷ߾ˣզ
ǰţţԸģʱװ죬ûһṦˡ
峿˲˵׮̨˭˿ͷϢ
Ѿǳҩ𣿡ľͷƵòĸһӵĵŹŮɵӣզѡ˸ҩ裬ѡ˱Ư׵Ķá
峿
϶ѾϻˣѾƯŲã˼ܻס
ĸڨڨˡҲãɻ࣬ϣԺܹЩɲĻͷӶ
ȿȣҪҲѡ˲ǣ峿ߣǸñ
ⶫƲĸ峿ɡӴ治
ͷѾ嵰ˣͷ۸ţҲߣ㵽ϡ϶ϹǳǳЦ⡣
ᵽѾ嵰ĸϵЦһӾûˣ˵Ѿﻹֹסĵġ
Ϊ˲峿ѹĸתʵѾȵ˽ɶ
⡣峿ԥĵʲôȵζأ
ӴһԵҲ⣬ЩͣٸЩĢˮĸ¶ɫȵ˽ϣ͸һ
ѾѾƣǰͷǲˣ϶˵ĳ롣  
ǣ׷ˡ峿Ĩϵĺ̫ɡȴܽ£ղˮûˡ
ȳԵӡ
Ȼ˶ͲܳˣǼʵĹӾǲҪҲҪġ
ĸϽͣ£һ˸˿ŷѹӾ͵ؿˣһŲͣ£Ϊδлٳԡ
ʣµĹҲӣĸ˺ü϶š
һǸȺ
ûһȥȻͷױ˲
ոպãǰͷҲ֪ںɶ
ǵĴ̫ɡίʵ̫ر̫ĽˣںͷʱͷһۣĽɫҪ̫ԡ
ѣ峿ǲòٶȣһľ롣
ܿ㵽ȵʱ峿һӣ߲ˣʯҲô幫ˣŰȫЩһĿʼ˯ˡ
峿ҲϢ
·߿࣬ҲҸ»ʯͷ̫ͣɡ»ʯͷһûһʹ˯
˯ǰ϶̫ɡ˸һͷϵɡһͷϣװ˷ѹİϵǰš
峿žȣ϶ûоƵãһŪþͺ졣
ˣ峿Ҳĵ˯ˡ
Ҫɶ
ƽһף峿ˡ
۱ͷĿΧǸǰһɡһŲ˵϶ϵӣһ϶Ḭ̇Ĳ㾪϶̫ɡܱŪߡ
죬ǣȻɱȫңŲ˵в
峿һವһͦԾϥһʮȵĺɨȹȥٷˢˢķ˳ȥ
ΧԹϵһ˲װˣȫԾŴ͡
峿֣ɨ񣬡´ξͲˣ
⻰û˲ţһŰԶ̫˺ðɣ
ȣһڼ˯峿壬û˸Ҵǵ⡣
һʱ̫ɽԳ췹ˣ԰շ¶Ƚ;͵ø·ˡ
ǵ죬峿˷γԣһ˳˵š
Թһʱںˡ
ĸ϶˻ʱʱĳһ峿ʲʡ
峿ֱգŻֽţȥѾ嵰ǸǼߡ




21.  ڶʮһ  ˿   Сϱ

ⲻУզһȥ϶ͬ⣬ٴҲֻһˣҺһȥʱҲиġ
峿ҲûһζĻţȥҲУҲǣֻҪǵȸҡ
϶ûĻ¶ѵ߲Ѿ
ҹ·ĻͲܴ̫ĶɵĸһڻĽҰ峿϶Ҳġ
ͷþѶϡ
Ҫ֪˱֮⣬ĸռĳټ̫ɡ·϶ĺܡ
Ѿġ϶һ
Ů˶ܱѰ˸ߵ£ѶźͷµŲױƼ
Ҫ飬ԼֻľӣĸСﱳϡ
˿ð죬⼸иʧġ
źöͷӸˣ峿ͷߣһ
峿˦˫ۿܡ
Ѿ϶֣ʹŮ´ٸɶöܸܲҡ
϶֪ǣ峿ǲƵܣǵߣ峿ȲವһܴܳԶһӺվʯɽ¡
ͬڱĵطҹȣĿҪһЩ
Ĩϵĺˮ峿̤ɽȥ
˰ɽһǰϣĬĬԺţ
ð죬Ÿоһ΢ĻӦ֪֪ߣߡ
ԺиһȫϢͼӽǵĲͣתƣɽһߴԺ䣬ܱɢΧʮӵͰСӣԺſкԴţ˹˵ЦĴԺ浽Ȼֹ
峿ۣƤЩлл
֦չ峿ǰҡڶĻϲ֮顣
ľϵܵĵڶۣۣ˼壬ָľǳڵϵ۾
ֻҪֲ￴ģԿ
峿ߣ쵽ɽʱٴͣڵϡϣǰƬӣܿ㿴ǰһƬشǰǴߴԺ䡣ûûڵĵطҪǸڰһȥͻᱻ˷֡
¹ʮ峿ҪСġ
УӺƶڵס¹˲Ѹܵһݱ
´ҹߵóԺƻͨ˴ЩȥӸͬ
ֻҪײЩˣ˳ķΧڡ
峿ûȥû˳ǰݴǰ
ľգ峿ֿ̧˿ų¾ɵľ
һƬڣû˵Ϣ
ܺá
峿˿ӡ
¹⣬ϳǼ乤߷Ϊźܶũߣͷҡ¡ϡʯĥȵȣﻹа֥Ĳ֪ɶӡ
һ˻𣬸ôȫ
̧ľһѣ¹ָһҡ
ڽѰӵڸм䣬ԶҲùںƣһƨڿ£ð˿ԽԽʶƵãವһ´ŷ˳ȥ
峿۾
ĵ棬ߵ˫ţü˫ŴͷסǴԺˡ
˿չӽУеѾ˯ˣеܣеĹżƤǵˡ
һ䷿峿ҵ˰Ѿ嵰ڵһȺӡ
ӵ˵ݣѾſڵ˯úȫȻ֪ѡ
Ѿ嵰Ҳ˯ˣǣСһ𣬾֪ǣΧİĻİĺӣ̲סˣСϱһϸϸĹ֡
峿סںڰעЩˡ
ֻҪǳԹԴζֲȻ񣬶ˣԥĽɫǵݺݽ顣
ԮǱõı۾
˿Զѣǵͻ֣ᷢǵԶһ˿ǵࡣ
ʵڸԪأԶءľĻҪʢ
峿ӲಹߵĵߣҲߵȻǳк
˹źǺǼƤ˵ʣԺΧȫˡ
峿ٴͶƻͨԺ䡣
˿ǽߣԺ˻ѣſǽҲעⲻЩ˿
ںȾƿ⣬ԺɢŶζ
ſڵ˿мһزƵĽϣһ·ֱࡣ
˵صʱ˿˲ŷǧ˿ƣס壬ǻڵϡ




22.  ڶʮ     Щϰš

峿³һɽˣмԺ䣬طһƬš
䣬˿̼ΧԺ䣬ûӵóȥ
ƫЩ˲֪žƱڳſ⣬ûп˿粶ʳľֻս
峿ۣ۴ͷ峺¹⣬ϥͷָһ¡
мԺ˿Ȼҹи֣ͻأ⧲˷Ӧֻؿһʹ˱ûʶ
Ҳ˶һϵ˻ڹӲУƴؿڵ˿Ѫⱻѳ˿ȴ˸Ƿ
ûһҲֹͣ˺۾ĴĵգʡŭΡ󡣡
֪Լ˺ˣҲûܼɱˡ

¹⣬峿Ĵ˸ָ
ȥѾ嵰֮ǰȸԼ硣
ڵϵ˲䣬峿ɫ
֮ǰɽչһʱ͸оˣɽϵҴⲢ֣Ͼľʢ¸ɺֲϵҲסٵˮ֡
ϸһӦ峿ЩѵϾԽǴ˵ԽãԽܽ
۾ȥ棬Ŷˣ
ɽûϹ۾Ͻ۾Ħ۲һ۾Ųᡣ
߽۲ܿյ⣬ɽ¿ĻǻɫĹ⣬˵ֻ
һ£ֻ̹⡢ƹ⡢׹⡢⡢⣬ľˮ
Ψн֯һʱŻγ⣡
н֯ʱٲô뻮һܻһЩƹ⣬ǶһЩ׹ȵȣǣղҰȴɫ룬ͺһֻ۵ɫ룡
Ϊʲôأ
˿̵峿ĺ޲Ǵأģģδһִ˵еĶ
ǰҲֻ˵ⶫ֣˵ǻҵһȭͷľһܣû뵽ԽһȻҵɽʯ
ǿϧˣûɥʬɱˣҲѾżˣ߼ˣҲûˣѵôʯ͸ɿţ
ǲǱ

˼˰ʱ峿ˣˣ
Ҫ
ʯͨ˵ûɶãͨʯͷļӲֻ߲ܺá
µǸɺϻҪһ²˵·ɶΣջ֪
ҵ˽Ͼ
ᣡ
཭ϵǮ˾ʳ͢㲹ʣµĻҪԼֵء
Ķֵز֣
ɽֵػöһµ·ߵﶼܳׯˣ
ȿȣȻڻǸɺׯǲ̫ףⲻͷľϵĶأһڻɵġ
ɽôʯ˶˷ѰǵڸĳḺء
ɽüֱԲⳡԽͷɽ¿꣬׵֮
ôˣ
ȥ϶ĸȿȣȵȣˣɶ
峿Ū˰˸ѳֱѺСݡ
ÿţ˯ĺǣûа˽ѣֻıѾ嵰
һһСӣವһۣ峿ϲĺ㣡
꣡峿ָָ󣬡ĺӻ˯ţС㣬ϸǳԷ𣿽Ǵѹˡ
ۣѣ㣬Ҫԡ嵰ץһһҧȥôΡ
ѾҲضá
˿ŷѣһĸԵĸɸɾģûԡ
ˣԱ˾ȥ˯ɶ˵峿һһ˰ȫƤָͷôظЩͼţӺúò
㣬Ҫ˯Ѿ§峿ĸ첲
㣬۲ɽ𣿡嵰Ŀ۵ʱͷˣﲻ˵𡣡
ɽˡ峿ָӣȫˣѾռˣǽĵ̣ߣѡ˯
ţû˵ӣͷŻӡ
ٺѾ嵰Ǵ࣬峿ְӸ¹С󣬼๻
֣峿ӣ߿ڵӡ
żˣҲ֪ɶˣȥᡣ
Այú͵ƣһ߿ţ˼ۣ
ȴڿ峿һ˲¶㵣Ůġ
ԣŮĲˣ۴峿жϳݣһ񡣡
СҲǱץܰǽ⿪ҿԱ֤ȥ˵
峿üá
峿ŵƽǰЩϰӣӵһͷͷķϡ




23.  ڶʮ     ۾ơ

峿ֱӣüͷСҵ˼ȥҰѵ
˹߲
Ҫ峿ס˫ֵŻһϡ
ˣ
һմĵ峿֣ٿʵôˣ
һ̣Լǲ˸ΣμһСһϵˡֺ̧ݺ´ȣ૵ΣһҲۣҪĶãܹˣӳȥˡ
Ƹ磬ȸɶŸݸˣһûĲһӵļͷֹɶأզˣסϰ߲ˣ
Уƴ򣬳һǰˣⱲӶûܹίﹷ**ĸȳҰѳֵд۵Ÿľš
Ǵ򣿡峿תģû뵽ջ
ʱһγѵģɫӵĴ峿˲òࡪ**ĲҲ̫˰ɣ
ԣǴ򡣡ӵͷҪĻԵƬֵ̣ܼ˿ɺã
ԡ峿ż
µģȻͷиðɶĻܼʮȥأ¶ġ
һѶľɵӣȳһڵĵУȳԷ
Ļ䣬˷Ĺĸ˲Ǻ͵͵峿
峿ЦѣʵС֪ĶгԵ𣿡
֪峿ͷǰʱˣǴӸڵĴԺоƳζ
оƣʣµǸ룬Ӿʿӱʶ۾ơֵ˲
ӦðɣûкĻ峿ͷ˵
ߣһʿи߾ȭͷ
С֪ɽж𣿡ȭͷʿлָ
ʱ춼ˣʱǵһʮˣŸͷͷֳ˶ʮǱˡ
˶٣峿̧۳ƴ򣬡ҲǱץɽģԼ͵ģץҵĵܵãǡ
СõȽЩˣܴܵˡƴЦŵͷڣܰ͵ƽһ𣿡
ԡ峿͵Ƶݸƴ򣬾ͼ⿪ѣһֻŵĺɰһ̧ͷ峿۲գĶɵһ죬ϽںѣȿȣС°ĸṦã͵ǱȾƵǸԺҩ͵ϣЩȻ˯šǵòҪҩ֪Ķȥˡ
С˷ܵˣƴĺˣ֤񣡡
ϲû뵽ƴͨĴ򣬾Ȼҩ
峿ҲɫǺ죬ֻϧƤ̫ˣǸڰҲ
̧ŴӴڷ˳ȥ
ƴҲ峿һҲϽϡ
ŸճſڣͼԺǽðСµԴһŵĺϲܣ¶ˣ
޵һµĵݸˣ߹ȥſڵָ£ھϣƬ̺ͷ˵ˡ
ƴʿҲɵɫ
峿ԴֳݵĳС£С¸磬һգ۵ĹŪˣ
Сգգۣǡ
ʿʹ˸ɫС±첻硣
㲻𣿡ʿкȻʵ
峿󷽷ԴҼǰҵδƭ֮ҾͲˡ
ʱ˿ĿʿжΪԼղŵĻɶǸ¸ҵС

С½ִҴҽԺӣ鿴ˣһ⣬ȫѾ
ƴҩۿͷܸһ۸ң۸ҼˣҾ͸ǳҩۣ峿ְİһͨˡ
ȿȣҩûôáƴͨҩҪҪͷװ㡣
лл壡峿
֣ʼƴڸߴͷϸʬ
ƴǶŶգԽԽϲ
ǳⲻСͶˣ⣬Ӿﵹӭһʯӣžһ´ӣȫϡ
ϲܣϲǻ𣬸ɶǵҵģС¿ϧĵŵϵĿ⡣
⣡еɵӡ
СವһӰˣ⴫ŻŻЩǣôµ˿ڣ
һȥˡ
Сɶ֣ˣʿв֪Ķҡţߵ峿ߡ
峿ˡ峿̧۳ʿУ壬أҲѵı·𣿡
ԡʿҡӣССǲǾЩ˲ûץ㣿
ǡ峿Цǰˣظһ˷һף··ǰԸˣһһף˭˾ߣҼҽˣҪˣ˭֪˵ҪСӣҵǽˡ
Ͼ˶񶾵ˣûܣʿЩԾ
ҵ˵Ժ˶ϾϵֻԼҡ峿Ц
⵹ҲСʿҡķɿ죬ʵ˾͸ҪһףҪǮ
Ҫģûһ׵Ҫûӵľüĺӵˡ
ʿһԵĶš
һʿвżС㲻ܵ߰ɣҸһȥ




24.  ڶʮ     ġ

ãҵ֮ǰѾҵҵܵá峿ҡͷ
СĵؿãҪ㣬ӦûءʿҡӣһЦе۾ȴûϵһ˿顣
峿֪ĵҵҵܵߵģɳһ˻ãСǸ߲ˣҾŶЩ˳ʱһܣҺ͵ܵҲܳܵˡ
˵գְֹҪ֪Щ˶ǶҾͶһˡ
ʿЦˣεЦ࣬ΣҪлǡ
˳ֵ¶峿Ϊ⡣
ƴЩȫѡ
ȫļʿסˡ
ѡƴҲƣ౾ûëúõģͻȻһѹһ֪򣬵ôǻС
Ѿﵢ̫ˣ뾡·
ʱСٴðͷϲܣˣҲȫˣһмʮС˯
ʿгƬ̵ϲܣС°Щʬ崦˰ɣǾռʳ·
Ťͷ峿С˭Ҫ
峿һϲңǼҵˡ
ƴֹĿʿС
ɽˣһСʮӣԼЩˡ
ӺǿųʣµһСأԶѰӣһɵľ㲻ģҲӦ֪˭ġ
ô˵ɾôݲ¶ܾƵĺܡ
ʿеƴ㵱֪С⣬Щûٸ캦£ĺá
˵ţ峿𣬾˵˷ˡ
Сǰ˼ˣ֮Էǣ˾ˮ㣬ġ
Ą̊́Ӳ򵱾͵˰ɣ͵˾֮ˡ
峿һϲôú˲³ɵģŹô˵ġ
ҲǰЩһͲһˣܲ³ɵҲͲ֣ϾֻҪǲ˵ȥ֪ҲûϵǸ˵ȥߺߣҲ£Ͼĸ˺һСŮ˭ɵⲻŵ¶
ʿǳ飬ҲĻš
峿ǺЦЦ˼Ҷ
Ȼ˵ܣƴҲôˣ峿֡
ʿһȥҳԵľˡ
죬ƴջ֣ȻûдëƽʱԵõľܲˡ
ҵܵã鷳ƴҲһ¡峿ֵ
Щ˿żߣҲ֪϶ĸߵĶˣܸܲϵϡ
ͷԼҴû㷽㡣
Сյúţδܳ١
лƴ峿ûٳȥˣѾ嵰һߣܻ˵塣
ľϵ壬ԸӵĵºЩ
ˡ
峿ջ֣ţʿв¶϶ĸˣǶ֪⼸λˣǸɵˣȫþˣ
ʿ۽ֱɵֺЦСﵨӿ治С͸㳶ѣ
𣿡϶۾ĶʿУǿ
ʿǳ鴤ЩˣϧˣǽǺδ㣿
ȲߣзӣдЪ塣϶֮ǰ峿˵
УǸǷһʳɡ
ʳָǣĸϲ
ʿЦЦٵģҲԲꡣ
̫ллˡĸЦĺϲ£죬̸ȥˡ
϶ģһ˯Ѿ嵰峿Ҳȥ˯ţϿûܰæġ
дǲģδĶͯҲȷʵúúϢˡ
һ˯
Ѿ嵰ıӣ峿Ӳıˡ
ƨһơ
ӣſڴ˸ĸ϶࣬ʮΧһȦ۰Ͱ͵ĶŹ
ˣȻܳˡĸЦŵ
峿ŤͷΧĻɽ治ɽȫɵĿѣľţʮа˾еˮԴ
ƴˣ峿ʵ
ţǷ˴ҹߵģ￴żĺܣм¶
Ӧðɡ峿Ƿ϶ǰЩʬ嶼զģ
ڿˡ϶СѾɽϵȥĶˣ˵ˣû
Ϊɶ峿⡣
ͷ֪ƴɱĲãӰģ˼˺¶۲ܶ𱨡϶˵Ҫĳ̫ƽ
У֪ˡ峿Ӧһ
ĳպǸɱɱ飬Ҫ֪˸ɵģлĲ࣬ġ
˼ʿжںҲ֪϶ٵӵġ
Ѿզģϵʱ䳤ˣͷ·ʳˣ졣϶ʡ
ЩӶǿˣ²ĲϾǼʮҪҲţߵĿĻ˵׷ЩӵļˣʱѺǻǸԵļˡ
峿һ飬ԼҵСֻһʮӣĲʮ꣬СĹӡ
ô죬һչʮﶼɲס
Ȼ˵⡣
Ҫģ˵϶ĸԸ
ʳ¶㲻ùܣҾ㣬զ峿ʵ




25.  ڶʮ     Żѣҹ

ʱҵˮҲͷǿҲʹ֪˵ĵ̣ȻͱҨˡĸ̾˵ҵˮҲ࣬һǳˮ̶Ҫٲ꣬ˮ̶Ҳǳ¶
ѾɶѲ㻹ﲻɣ϶˵ƿǣһ׿˻һѲ嵰𿪣˹
˷ܵĶŹͱˣ͵ſ
峿һϡϡˮȫûʳɶȴʵĹлˣóԷˡ
ѾŸɶʢĸӺţﻹء
峿Ҳû˵ȻЩȣɶࡣ
۾ɡ峿˵ˮɽҲҵԵģۺαطǹȥϣ·Զ˵ûûȣҪʹ˽ϲûԵģͷԼֵزǡǲЩʪ۾ڵЩ˼ҵ˽ϣ۵Ķܳˡ
Ѿ˵е϶ͷ۾ŵ棬ͷЩȡعɶģЩÿ죬ò¾ˡ
ĸЩϹϣⶫҲĻࡣ
峿̲סЦˣҪ˵ģ϶ĸܻԥ˵ֵأ˵ĿˣͬҲ⡣
ȿȣӡ峿ѵ
ߵв٣ǰɽ˿ģ
ʱĶȥŪȥܴסӣ
ʵڲлͷȥس򡣡϶⣬ѾѾ۲ˣЩզ죿
ĸҲҪſ𡣡
峿ЦŵŰɣǵĸĸȻܷǣɼǸ⣬ۼȻҲòǲ
ôʳġĸһۡ
峿ûнͣǾȲ̫񣬵ЩˣӼһҲǲԡ
Щӿͦ¶ģǰŸɵһŬ峿Цŵ
ˣҲǺĵģܰѺ·ϱơĸ۹ŮЩʮ꣬ȷʵµˣʣЩСģɣҺûӣտЩӰɡ
ҪɽתתԼŰɡ峿Ĩˣм·߷ʱȥ˸ϣһ¨ϡ
ʱʯתһ飬ɽˮ̶ûҵˮԴѰЩҰӺҰƻ
Ϧɽǰ峿ƬյأŪһĵȡ
ɽ϶Լ˺һЩӣҲõԸˣŹƤһװ˻ȥ
ɶѽһӡĸӹ˳ִ򿪣ѾĶŪĵȣ
ɽϣ㲻֪峿ڵ
ɵӣզҺһգĸ峿֡
峿ʵ̯֣һӶûУԭеҲˡ
ĸԣŮ޹֪˵ɶˡ
ȿȣҶˣ۸Ͻ׷԰ɡ峿Щķˣ±ı¨ҵЩҰƻëӣЩҰˣͷûеϣСˡ
ĸ˵ɶ׷߳۵Ұˣ۾ֱˣĶժã
ɽϡ
ⲻû˵
ĸȴû׷ʡ
ŮЩͲˣҲȱһֻҪŮ͹ˡ
˵ˣ׵¶ģԺ۶Ժõ㣬úòһǸƴǳûҺѾ嵰ˣ˵ĺܣúúò
϶ĸȻûƴ򿴣Ҳ֪岻жá
㣬㣬ѻûԷѡѾܹס峿ȡ
Ա嵰ҧָͷ۰Ͱ͵ĳţԶЩ͵
Уò£Ǳżھ͸ȥ
ɶôҰƻأ嵰ȥСǷַ֡ĸ¨Ұ˺ʮëó¨Ƹ嵰
ҪҪԷѡ嵰һ۸ɱҰƻžͲóԡ
ĸһƨϣгԵĶˣģǷǰɣ
ˣһΣԺûˡ嵰죬һſŹ峿۲ѡ
͹ĸûĵɨһ۰Ͱ͵ĺӣһΣԺٳҪҲƨɡ
嵰ΪЦˡ
Сްˣ峿ιӣȥַѣȻˣɴЩͷҰһո
һ˷һĸǲԣϲڳҵżϷѣ˸ѵһ˳һӾûˣúȡ
峿ƲƲ죬զɶζû
극춼ˣС˯磬ĸͼĺһСĸˣżģ϶峿Żѣҹġ
û취ʮ죬Ȼ峿֤ʳȱˣ϶ĸԸϿ峿ʱϾʮźӶˣʱ䳤˱Ծͷ˵ȥ鷳ˡ
ĵȶˣҲ˵Ĵҵˡ




26.  ڶʮ     µС

ɽϵʪɱȲѰʱ򣬲ڡ
֪Լڼ£߸ʮĺڵĸŬű˸ߵĳͷ꣬Ǹ϶ƽˡ
ǰƾһִһ峿
Ǳĸһûǰ
ĸ˼ޣȽһƬͷʱӡ
峿Զӻ֣תͷǼӸ
⼸Ӻܶ¶ûһп˵ҪЪϢģ峿Ǹ˶ãҲһʱ䡣
ͷչŹߵʱĸ峿⼸ӲְܼʱͲˣû뵽˿ʱǲּ֪ܼա
峿شĸҲǣӻô˻ܻţɼǻġ
̣̽ҲҲԸˣ͵£ܰɻͷ˻Тأôຢӣһһ磬ƣɶʱ򶼲ȱɻˡ峿Ȱ˵֪ĸ𿴱ЭˣʵﻹǲþϾʮأһ黳
ĸЦˣѾͷ˵ĺܸɻ֮ǰأһģɷܸһ룬ҳԵĶ࣡š
ĸ峿£ﵹǺĵģ֪ȥҪ˸ߣЩСҲͰˣ֪¶ͷ۸Ѿ嵰һ̣Ŀ϶ǺúӣЩʮģԼ¶ˣ˼ҵٲҲԼˣأҪҺýм͵͵˵ҹͷ˺ø˳ԡ
˭ҲţҲ£͵ص㵾Ҳ˵ɶܲ·˶ţǼɽǣͷǼʳ
˶࣬ҺˡúúãҲ㣬ˡĸǼ͵ܵĻͷۿɾˡ
˵ĸźӣŵʱܱܲס⣬ǿҲɺޣΪһڳԵģɱ治ɶ
峿ɫһݣҵĴҿǵ̫ˣҲż쿪ʼٲóԵˣԺϿģЩɽҳԵģҵɶɶ쿪ʼһ٣ϡࡣǼ˼Ķģ͵͵Ҫл͵ȣɽȥ߾ߣҲãߵĶˣͷɽҲҡ
Ѿ˵ɶˣһ
ôຢҲסģ߾߰ɣͷɽϾˣͷǶǰҶٹˡ峿˵רʰɣ˭뿪Ҽ˵ģĸ״·ϡ
峿Ȼ뵽ǲû˵ߣŻк͵͵ģ
ȻˣǾǹߺˡ
˭֪ĸЦһɶʹˣƴһף˵һ˸һ·ϳԣ˵ҪҼˣҪȻΪΪɶ˼࣬ˣ˲ϡתͷϲ͵¶Ǻˣ
峿̲סüͷС˼ǲ١
Ͳ֪һУǺûһȲ˼
ǾͰǰ˵峿˵ܲʣֻš
ɽϵİȫȷʵôڿʼˣĶ̰ܸɻ̫ˡ
ǿ޽Χǽɸʵıվвá
峿ӵת˼Ȧͷߵˣɽ¿ɣ
ţǮ˳ܼø˻
ꣿĸͬУ𣬵ʱ˼ʳĶģզ˵ʱ͢軹ǲ裿Ұ·٣ۼҶþʱ˵Ǯˣðˣ
⻹ð죬ˡ峿˵ˣȻʱ䳤ˣ۲꣬Ҳɽ
Ҫ֮ǰɽ壬ͱ·޶ˡ
Ȳһ¡ĸü˵

ӹ߷ĸȥϢˣǷ޸Ǽʮסһݣ峿һסһݣǵĲ
峿ûһȣнʣµİףϣëƤҲûˡ
ò˵ʱֵǮЩҪõȥܻԺ
峿±ȴû˯ŸڵĶĸ϶˯ˣ
ӣ¹£ǻԣûꡣ
С·һ·ɽ
ʯ¾ǹٵҲȫ·
峿˫ȣҹɫȫܡ
һʱ峿˵һн
Ϊ˲ע⣬峿Ƶ˹ܵԵСɽº󣬱ܿһһĬ·ˡ
ڣһʱ峿ͣ˱ܵĽŲһСɽ£ԶԶʮڰеһȺˡ




27.  ڶʮ  ҹɱ   졭

Ҫ˵ҹҲûǰõԶ˭˭ֻܹţҡ
û˶ɲð
ҹľ̫̫ء
ʱ峿벻ͨһҹ߶ʮʱԵƤۣˮûУզ˳ܵģ
ѵӦһ˵Ϣһ˴źץ
峿һӣŷָ̫̫ܵľȻǴ˼̫̫СŮҪϲ󵰡
˵ԼҹŮﵱȻԸˣһҶ̴ʽĻ
峿ŶҳҶ̵ûȤ˶࣬۾Һңɶ㡣
ԱƣȺѾˡ
һȺ˳ɵĵˣʣµȫˣҲζûƤˡ
үӵġ϶һȺƿõ㶫ܻȥˡ
峿̲סһҺ׼ڶЩɱ֮ʱѾӡֻҪһܸӦЩˡ
ӡҲܵģֻо߸ʣµĶڸӦΧڡ
ɢҲзɢĺôȺղˣֻҪѣͲ˵ע⡣
ҹɫ峿ľ߳С£ĻнĶӽһӡЯߡ
˸ǰ峿ûų֣ȷǲЩˡ
ԱȲ嵰ĿҪɱǵ
ףһɡ
˵ûü⣬ԭһһ
峿̳֣ҹɫУͷ˿ϸ˿Сȣȴͣ
峿šüһķɱˣһ֪˵״뵽ġ
ʯֻյ·̣̫ˡ
ı仯˿ڽϣವһ±֣ս

һҽ쳹ҹգɵڵϣŽڵϷ
ɣզˣ븸ĸŵʵ
жҽˡòסʹŭŸɶѣ
ҵģ㣬ɲ̹𣿡ĸϣɿԸϡ
븸ǲҽŵֶͣһŵȼ˻ѣɵĽ

Ǽˣ־ĵɡ
ĸϣŵɵĽ󣬼ٵģٵģһжǼٵģɵĽźúõġ
ˡеɱʹ̼ĻعĽŷˣǸˣ
±ץסɶûд˿̾
صǣŤմѪĽ²ǴҲ֪ԼĽβˡ
Ŷһڵϣĸļˣ첻õĶΪҪĥѡ
븸ŻѶڶߣл𣬲֪Щʲô
˿ѻָԭ״ƮƮڵϣص峿ģĸڿ޺͸ž
峿ȴûһ˿ҪԭˣԺиȫҪԼЩͬ
ûֱɱˣҪɳѡʹȥƺֱɱҪʹ졣
峿ǰߣܿѰ˵ڶӡڶһȭߣ̵СŮ
ڸģϧ
峿˿ವһ죬ᣬһľʵذ׳
ʱֺݺţ۴޵ĺӾ裬ŪС
ΧҲһĻúϲ£죬ûһȥܵģҲҹܡ
峿ûֱЩˣһӿ̵һƮƮŮУ̣º뿪죡
ֻоӿһ˫֣СŮȾܡ
ջعһ죬զ¶
̫̫ȻǸӣ

˲ҽžһɵڵء
Χһµĺٺˣ˭֪ǲҪĺܣǿɲ뱻ϡ
ҵģզˣ˵Ҵҷ
뱻еˣ뱻۹͵Դźǰ棬ȳԷʱһ𡣡
֪ȻҪԷ˽Ų˭֪Լ˵Ĳҽ
һƬʪҲûзӦŮҲżһ캰˵ЩѺݡ
ʪ˺ôһƬѪסˡ
˱Ƕ̽̽ҡҡͷûˡ
Ů˸ҪŮһʬ巭Ƶĵĵƹ£һƬľʬĺϣӦٽࡣ
ְγ˿ľƬŷһǳõľذף˷ڻƵĻ˵ĺ⡣

˿̵峿ǰ׷
ĶﻹһľذףǸһ
ԭõһĿΧ۵ڶߣ֡
һλãһļС
Ⱥٴ
ǰһ߾벢Զ
ܿ죬˾֪ˣһɱ˿ħɱ񡣡
峿һ䣬мƲƲ졣
˹㴫ġ




28.  ڶʮ  ĸ   ̫̫Ǹ

Ǹģʮа˾ѾߵĹͨˣֻ֪ŵҳǸɵġ֡
峿ԶԶ˺ţҶһԶ㣬ɢһɱ˿ħͲˡ
£˻ʶѡһ֣ĸ롣
ôһҪ˽ӽԼ˾ͺ׿ˡ
峿һڣ汻˸Ūˡ
ɱĿ̫󲻻㡣
峿ǰ˰ʱȺľͿʼ½ˡ
Ͼ˰ҹˣƣҪӦǲ֪ĶĵˣûúЩ˼Ҿ˻ѣ·ЪϢˡ
峿ľƵĻεţΪûɱ𣿡
û峿ǰǵԹɶλһӡܽϾȻûӡ
峿һŤľ·£װŤͷţʸڱźӵ̫̫̣Ķ۾һػжԶ
̧̫̫ͷ¶һ͵峿һ£Ȼ֮ǰµǸ̺ͺӡ
̫̫סһ˲ŵĵ
峿￩һ̫̫ϳˡ
Ȼ̫̫ǣŮŲǰС£Ҳ˵ȥģղҪ㣬ûˡ
峿ͷллЩ˶ɱˣ
ɱ̫̫޺޵ĵЩ
СŮﶶ֮ͣǰľһСŮߡ
峿ӿһյ̫̫ǰѹ̣ҪңʹСߣ֮ǰ۵ɽʯǵòȥɽµţʱҴȥطȻûùҲںá
̫̫Щ𾪣ȴ̾˾㡣
峿Ҳ̫̫ǸˣҪȻҲᱣԼŮˣ۹ٵǧС壬ɼﻹʮŮӵģһƶ
峿Ľ飬̫̫ɴ§ŮɵϢż·ˡ
峿˿ҲŴһӡȷôһˣдӣԱ˵ˣӡú񣬵ҪϺܶ࣬Ǵǵ
ʵҪ˵Щɱˡ⣬ǵļ˾һûմ
峿ǲŵġ
ܶɱˣǲʵһ𸽽ٱעġ
Ҫǵ͵չ
һһϢˣ׼·
֪ǲѣȼ˰ʱˣ뻻ûˡ
峿̫̫ʹɫŹӸһӺ棬мС塣
̫̫Ůȥǰڻ
Ӵ̫̫Ĳٰ
ãڲϺȣܵĿ죬㱻Ҳץסҡ峿ûĵ
̫̫СŮתͷߡ
峿¿װģ̫̫Ӱһڣ˾ϲľûŵ棬׷ǰͷһҡ
ףոպá
Χ˼ҾԶѽδ˵ͷڰ﷭ɶ
ͷ˿ϸ˿ವһ´峿űߴڵӡǰವһϢϴӵ塣
˿ϣ峿һ£գۼ仯һֳذףݺӵ
ΪֱҲûͱ࣬ӷĲҽ
峿ü̧̧˿ذ˲仯Ϊɫķĩڵϣϻҳһҵֺ֤ݣΪ㡣
峿ҲߣһһŵĲ͵͵ŴӼҡ
ӱΧúǸڼ˿ڡ
ˣ·ڹŴʵҲΣֻҪд
ǣĽҰģĶҴȥ
ԣ˵ĶʵҪֻҪѪͲԶˡ
˿ڣǸܻǴԱżŮˡ
ӰӴӴĽл˲ŸϽǸŮ˸˲
ʣµģֻˡ
ĲõİƤǰ峿ע⵽ǸƤĶɫˣټȣ˿ûò˿ھ͵øܣˣ죡
ۿŻһʱˣ峿֣ҹٿ
ûעʱԶ˹ٵڸ֡Ұ
ǰһκ̫̫ǸСŮҲ뿪˹ٵǸġ
ߵʯ룬ٵʱ䡣
ȻҲûнݾ˵峿ܡ
峿һ۲ǵˣĵıܿˡ
ṩʳס֤ȫģÿԼ

صɽʱ΢΢һˬʱ򡣡
϶ĸѾˣڹ߷ùߡ
ŮһкҲȥ˹߷һɻ߸ġ
ĸ˵˹̾˻࣬ĸɻĺһ˷һŷѹӣȳţȻȻûɻ
Ů˼ҪǸкˣĸҲûȰ




29.  ڶʮ  Ұ   ţ͡

峿ȥˣݳһ飬ͷõĺܣ˹߸Ÿɻ
һȥͷˣ˹ӵкɻŮֻһĸɻʣأһͷȥĻûд
ĸ϶ûûˡ
ȵ̫¶һӾĨ˰ѺĸôֹȻȥ
Ѿ嵰ЩСĺѾˣ˿Χ¶̨תƣűӣζɲˣȻϧֺЦ
˵Ĺֱһףһ࣬һ˴룬ĸѹӹεĸϴƵøɾ
峿ۣ˵һɣ¶ֻա
ǳѾ嵰ӣ峿룬˸ûѪԵϵҲû飬Ը뱥ˣԼҵãûҪһȱԼ
ͷĸ˵ȥתת峿ĸ嵰ʹ˸ɫСһ۾ˣ峿̣ԸѾܿˡ
峿ŲûһӾ͸ˣ˽㣬ҡ峿ҪԵġ
Ӳֻ֪ܵҪ죬ܸŪԵġ
ԿԣǵôӦ㣬˵ȥ֪峿ȻԺһ˳ԡ
˵㣬ǲ˵԰ѾһῴѾġ嵰Сظĵɽ죬㣬ۻԷ𣿡
ôˣ
ŲǣҾԵġ嵰˵㣬ɽҰ𣿡
ûУҲ类˴ˡƴɽͷжٶ
㣬ûëӣ̵ģȷѻóԡѾŬСȣûһ߲ˣֻСצץ峿ĿȰԸţˣȸȡ
峿ĺЦѾ㱧ߡ
嵰㻹𣿡峿ͷʵ
ɡԡ嵰һ˫˵ĲЬҵͷһкӣҪԼߡ
峿ЦЦã㣬㲻ż
Ѿһ嵰ſڽĻ˵ĲУʱŸ첲۸֦ʱָŵϵĲøժû峿۵ǲۣȡ
ɴ嵰ѾţȥҳԵģȻͻˣܣҲǽɾԼˡ
㣬ȥǾ㡣嵰СһǣѾ֣һῴѾġ
С˾峿Сӡ
ʮԶ峿ͣ£ŪʮŷѣִӶͳµһëӺƻѡ
ҪëӺƻȵô⹤ɲСҲѾ嵰´ΰɡ
ŷѻȥȻܿģһ˳峿ͻĸǰ
ͷɽɽŴһ˸ߵľ
ѾҪɽ¿꣬ɽŵľǵһߡ
Ūˣһȵʱ峿Ƿɽ˯
Ǹɶȥ峿ĸ϶Ҫš
ˮˮ̶㣬ǳ׽ϵĻϸҼӸ͡ĸֺǺǵѰɶˣ
ɶҲû峿̾ӶҲ
ǾͲˣƤûٳԣݸƤǿҲǾˣԺõģܵĵֳ˵ĸ˵ˣϽЪȥɣͷеţҲˡ
峿˯
ﶼݵĿùı죬ǰҹ͸ˡ
ҹҲȵĲУ˯á
·Ҳûѣֱᵹڿϣûһ
һһֱ˯̫¡
峿۳ҰɫĹâ˰ŷ
ͷǱܴ֣વлˣһͷ⡢۵ͷȫ˸һɶ¶۵ͷƤһȥһĵݡ
յϴǰĸ϶Ц˵ɶŸӣڶ𡣡
㡪ѾסȣȻܺˡ
ãѾȵ㡣峿СԴģ
ţͷϳʭˣĺܡѾգ۾Ͻ飬ﻹϴһ飬ˣ㣬Ҳ˰ɣԴһˡ
峿ͷ˵
Сӹͷǽпɰһͷǽɵȱ
ˣȥɣ˽㡣峿˵ĸǰ£һǰĴͻ档
ζѾˣһɵ֪ǲ̫ûԹʳζˮͣ
㣿ŽƬû峿ѾһƿǣˮģŹ첲ǣѾˡ
⿴Ǽܾ֪ĸͷС
峿˿ˮеͺˣϡϡˮģɶͷ
𿪡ĸ峿ű¨кõҰĭһԵ




30.  ʮ     Ѭôˡ

峿ҰۣҰ˻ûꣿ
ɶأô໽У̶߲ɵġĸûСҰҲø˳ԣ
Ҵˣ峿ϽϴСҸ͵һѡ
ԡĸϣʮ˫۾ҺզԣŪˣ
ŸɶأҸӹ
Ŷá峿ӻͳĸԱˮһˡ
ӽȥ϶ֻ赹˴ɫĩȥĸӽˣʱһˮճҲӵʳС
峿¿ˮ׸ĥˡ
϶һһ룬ĥ˷ټƤݸɶĻܳϰ£ǵøϽŪЩóӡ
Ҳ֪ɶʱ򿪳šĸ
ҳȥ϶Ϲǣһѹͷǲ̫Ӧ
ĸӣתͷ峿ˮ̶һһûˮ̣ģͷһûϴˣǰﶼҪѬôˣȻ԰շҲˣͷˬˬĸɾҲʡˮ
Ҫ峿ᶨĵҲϴͷҲͷ
˵һ򽲾巢֮ĸ𣿡
СĸͷʭӣȾզ죿
峿Ǳ߼żϵŬŬ죬ΣզԲꣿ
ĸʮĺӣһ֪˵ɶء
˼˵ˣһɽ׷ȥĸûĵˣͷһ𡣡
ĸĻᣬˣȥѾ嵰Ƿȥ
ĸÿߣˣСŶӡ
峿ֻװĿȥһߣշ¿ӣһѷܹߴߴĳţĶ˭Դǡ
Ӷܹɣʵʵźö飬Ѿ嵰Ծ䵱ίԱǰܺλ⺢Ǽìܡ
Ȼﶼٲ˴ͷ߰к͵͵СĺӣϷ
Ѿ嵰ĺܣ嵰һۿȥ֪˭λòԣ˸ȥǴͷҲ⡣
峿۲죬СͷȻ嵰Ѿ֪˭ѧģ嵰ͷŵĩβʱһĹģɵĿɰ
һ㰲һ˫˫ꡣ
Ѿ嵰ԾҵСˣվ󣬴һʼɡ
ڵһλǸСŮվסˣһ嵰ĻСܵವģһŵ峿Ͻַס㣬Ҳˤˡ
СѾͷɵЦ죬Ƿëȡ
УСëȣúӡ峿СԴΪ⺢Ӷ˵ȵߵĸǰ֣Ҫġ
ĸȻҸʢˣֲǵһո򷹣СѾͷܳ¶
һһ£ʢ˷ĶŶһ߳ȥˣȵһСѾͷںһʱ峿ҲѾ嵰
Ϸ峿ĸˡ
֪ʱ䲻Ϊԭ򣬺üСкɾ۰Ͱ͵ĳŹһӾǻԡ
ɽշ⣬ĸ͸ʢʣһˣĸһưˮֶҰĭӽȥǵķˡ
ҪкӻҪԣֻټˮˣƫ⼸Ӷ¶úܣٲҲҡͷ˵Ҫˡ
ĸǿһСкʢˣʣµСк˲һѷˡ
һû˳ĿˮĸĶţ϶סܵĺӣ⺢ֻҵţֻһ죬йĺӹƨϡ
峿̲סЦˡ
ĸ϶Ҳ̲סһίıסƨɵҪܡ
ɶӸѴĸЦ§סһ峿ˣЦܵҪˡ

ʣµķһһ룬峿϶Լֻͬʢ˰롣
Թ̫ɽȻȵĺܣɱ˵¶ȵ˲١
һյĺԾ˯
϶˹ҪµظɻŮɻ϶һˣǵøɵģżܵȥ
ʯͷͲݸǻû𣿡峿ʵ
嵰ԹȺӾ͸ˡ϶˵ӣڿȫˡ
òְɣ󣬸㿪ġ峿ҡͷ¾ǸɻһС𿴲ʮ꣬˼Ѿֵؾˡ
˵С︸ĸү̡ӣǸŮޣ꿪ʼŴµظɻһ˫ݸ¸µ￴һƬõƤȫǼӺ˺ۡ
Сֶ¶ĸ۲Ǹڿĺӡ




31.  ʮһ     ںӱߣġ

⺢ӣզ֪ô϶ĵ۹Ůɶɶȥɣͷզ˵㡣
峿ЦЦ֪ΪҺãٿĶؾͲˣһЪš
϶ͬĵɽϵĵطʣĶ˷ѡ
峿û⣬ɽֵ̫˷ˣ
ĸ˼֧ȼŵر߲ˣ½½Ĵӷѡ˹ߣĸյĻզɡ
ĺûĶ࣬ǼûͷҪߵһҲû
ɵ۾ͻذɡ峿˵¶Ҫ
ĸȥһû˵ĵضʵҹɶȥ
ɶȥΧתתĸٺã峿ҲҴ̴̵˵ԸҪɱˡ
첻һĸԼҹŮľɶûΣա
̫ˡ峿˵һվͺˮġ
ԼСЩѡĸšü֪ڸͨ˲һˣںӱߣвʪЬġɶȥһҪСģﲻ̰ģֻϣǽúõĻš
ĸ۽ǵỨ峿סĸģۻһֱúõģģһᱣԼġ
ĸ۾ˣ۸ϽȥɣȻȻ͸ˡ
˵϶峿Цĸ㲻ˣ
ֶҶӹŮһӶԭģô˵ȥĸ۹Ů
Ϊ˵û
ã*ģ峿۲ԭµ
ĸ϶Ҳ˵Ϊͺء

Ϊʱĸͺͣˡ
ۻˣҹϢٸɡ
ĸ峿ͷ϶ȥտЩӣ峿һϢ
վ˯塣ĸڽ̸ʵ
˯ģ峿ЦŽ͵ͷŪ޻±ӡ
Ѿɸͣɡĸûĵһ͸ץˣҲǵģɶҽ̸㡣
Ϊɶɽ̸ҵģͲһѣԸ򣿡峿ʵ
δԼϵ쳣ˣֻɶɽʵǸ⣬û뵽ĸһھ⣬峿ʵͦģĸΪɶô룿
ǺǣҪⱾ¶һܼ޸ĸۣ¶ﲻǵһμˡ
峿ԾŴͣ춼İˣɶ˼ɶвǵһμˣ
˵СʱǴиŮɣɽö࣬Ůɶᣬ˵ĳүר￴̫үΪǸŹŮ˻顭ֻϧŮã̫үһؾ·ϱ˸ɱˡ
峿üûҲ֪Ůʮа˾ǴԽߣϾʲôɰ
Եһ˵Ůһ֪϶ҲˡĸЦŵʵ¶㲻ϡ棬˵ģﻹس˵˵˵ĳǵϲſϽ̵ĳ񡣡
ĸ˵Ӻϣ˵˵ĻҲѵĻ
峿ǺЦЦȻǰѾ̺·Ͳˡ
ԣһ׺ͷһ˿ƶûУͻȻҵ˵ҿҵ㱾¶ҶˣҾǣ뿴ʬҰľұĽ̵֮
㣬ɵӣզ˵ĸһ峿ϣҪ˵Ͳʳˣզ죬˵ȶû
峿ЦѣƣģҲɶ˶ҪȵģҪЩˣЩˣɲŲءҲɽ¿꣬гԵģͷҲܶЩˡ
úúãģҾɽŸǷӣۿꡣĸ˫ֺʮհ˰ݣСɶ
峿ҡҡͷȲһͷɽú˵ҪŪЩȻ⿿ҵһҲǲ÷ӡ
УġĸЦŵѾ㼸ʱߣżĻϽᣬȻ㡣
ãھߣ˯ɡ峿ɫѣ򿪴˳ȥ
Źٵ·ߵһԶӰӣһһĽˣŷ̫̫СŮ
û¶档
һʱ׷Ⱥ
ʱأ峿ǰˡ
ӡҹɫһյյ峿ȺѸٽӽĿ꣬׼õľذײУȶԷʹУ峿ѾջذףȺ֮УӽһĿꡣ
ڽľţ峿ģڸ˷Ӧ֮ǰҪܵĶɱ




32.  ʮ     ж

ɱ֮峿վȺӰ
ܸоʣµӡѸٵĿ£һĹǻһ𡣡
Щ˱ĴĶ࣬ʱѾʶԭ
峿ЦһǸӼһ¶ãȵ˽ƾúøɣͷһݼҵ𣿡
ǵṳ̈ףսԣͷ³
峿ȺǰߣûþͿۼһ߿šӡ
ֵ̿ĴΧˣ֪ǵĶ˭֪ɶʱ֣֪ɶʱҲڵҲˡ
ʵ㣬ЧߣͬʱĿҲ
峿ʱ֣ǰӿȥܿ߸˷뿪
ʱϢ˻ڸ¹⾲Ŀ߼ˡ
߸˵ļ˵Žһ£ΪС룬·ˡ
峿ڸǰҲܲµǵ뷨
޷Ǹֿһ˭ҪɱǾһĿȻˡ
ʱ߼˺Ͳץסˣ
峿ûʱǺţɵЩ·ߣĺܣȫŹٵֱĻᣬ峿üֱǶԲǵɷѿˣ
˿ڵߣһյĹ͵˹ٵϡ
峿ٵʱ䣬㳲˿ವһ·ֳ֧ѿѿۿɼٶ쳤գۼ˿ֱ̲߸ϴӡϡ
Ҳͱ𡯷ʽ˿գۼóһذף峿ǰ£ԶذҲһûС
峿ָеһ£¹£̵˿غֵذ˲仯Ϊĩڵϡ

˷ļ쳹ҹһεĴ˹ٵϵƽ
֪ǲǡˡˣΧ²ؼɨһ۴Ҵƿߣɶ¶ûгЩ·Ҫ
߼ˣԼҵĶ㱻˰ˣס񣬽ţһĳˣ˭վȻ˭ˣҵҵҪˣ˴һ군ˣ
ܴϼ߼ǧﵽʱ򻹻ĺúõأб¶Ǽ׳Ӷ࣬һ֣Ǻǵá
峿ҪΪȻҲǰ޹Զ߼Ҫ֣Ǿͱ·ƽεˡ
룬߼ߵˣһ˼Ҽ˶࣬еһŵģʵ˼Ҷһġ
߼˼ʮŸ·м䣬Ǳ˼Һȫһ۳һƬԶԸߣ߼ʱȫˣ֮ǰֺ˲ʧһŮ˱˳ȥ
զģŰٺ۸ǲ߳һˣͷѰҪ߳һͷ࣬ӣָ󣬡Ƽû·ǰǳ¼ҵˣզģǳ¼л˵
ƳŮ˲ŵؿڣ˸ţҪˣͰͽ͵ûûû˵ᣬᣬãÿ·
Ů˵ţΨһץסһ١
߼˼״Ͻһܣүϣǳ¼ҵкüٺŵˣ˭ɵĹ
¼ҵЦЦӣųӻ֣ˣû¶ˣ۸Ͻĸ·絽ճס
ĳŰ·ϵĶˣ߼۾ˡ
զ죿
裡
߸ɵϵĿ϶ˣдҲûǮƲ
¾ҹģϵİһСľߡ
զ죬ӻıѣϸģһСˣ
ɵ֣Žţ˶ûƵô̤ǰߡ
ʣµ˱һۣ˲˾
ɵϵļһƾ֪ãǸţ䵽زΪһСҪǣһһͶˣ͸һյĿвݸƤˣ
ͷЩˣȴҪ
û˲ţֻɵϰţȻĳżˡ
峿ǹ𣬡ã
Ծ£¹⣬峿·ʯ롣
ɽµʱ΢
̫̫СŮѾܳӰˣܵˡ
Żص䣬뻹Ǿĸ
һˡ峿Ьӷϴĸ£컹ûϽ˯ɡ
ĸصĳû˰ɶģҹǰһԼҵıӵ£岻ѵûŰۼҵıӣȽŰɡ
ӻһˣıӻɾأ˭ĸɾӴСϰߺãϧ
峿űζůůҪĸ˵̫̫¶ɽ³ţͷð˴洫֨ѽһǼŲ
˭ôˣ




33.  ʮ     򷢽лء

ĸ´, ҳȥ˯ˣϽ˯, ͷԷҺ㡣
峿סĸʳָһ, ʾĸȥ
ǼŲ, ġ
ĸҲ˽Ų, ѹӦǼҪȥҼ˵ĺӡ
峿ԥһ£ʵ, û
ˣ͸һʮҰױװˮҵˮĸ⼸ǲ˵һģ˯ţȥ򡣡
ĸЩƿԵö࣬ͲǶȥҼˣôգĸﲻЩӡ
峿ȴĸ, ޳ṩôǰ˵һӦõ, žͺˡһ
ĸ, Ѿ, ˵ɶʱꣿ
峿ɵͷ֪
ңңǵǰʷʦ, Ŵɺʱ꣬ʱ򼸺гġ
ݴȥ꿪ʼѩϽ꣬Ҳˣ̫ĻĩԶ꣬Ӧûˡ
ĸ̾
Ѿ쵽ˣµһˣ۳һյĸûֱʵ˺¡
ĸƻţͷǲݸƤҲôȻô쵽ʱɶɶ
ػüģܵĶЩ
ˮˮ̶һյˮ½㣬ʵڲлͷõҵĶЩľͰˮŪš
ңɶһӶɶĸͷС˵ʵѾǺöˣ֮ǰصʱ˽еĵطǻȳ棬ҰĻȳȥƤɾҶʣǲĲңʮܻһˡ
峿ͬĵͷʷнҲԼˡ
ҹȥɱˣٵ·ߣż׾żʬ壬õмߣڸǳˣǺţͷлһ¡
Щֱӹòϯ·ߣһʼģ峿ĵĿֲʬˣԽǰߣ׷Ⱥʱͼеʬֱ·ߣгģʬĶûе̫̫ˡ
ҲûȥʬΪ̫ˣɲ꣬һҹͣĸɡ
ڼӶһ̫֮΢ˡ
뵽Щʬ壬峿üͷ
֨ѽһűСƿ峿Ͻ졣
ʧޣǻᷢ
ĸҪ峿һѰס¹Уҡҡͷ
ĸ۾šüǼŲӽߵʱѾӦˣĻ
峿װ嵲סĸ
ĸĳʵѾɶ˼ƾ⼸͵۵ʳ
峿ûҲĸ
ûһ峿͸о˿߿˿ȻС˵ûѣǿ˶ˡ
ãʹڵ¿ţȻҺ͹ȥá˵˿Сƹ峿ĸȽŽ˿档
ǼֻľͰͰɽʮ˵Ŀ
˵˺͹ó׼õĲ򿪿ϵĸӣһ˳Ųһװ
ֱӶͰвˣɶԣҲ˷ѡǰ˵ˡ
峿Цһ৵һ˭أ
ˣ
أ˳ڻصͬѣʱŻˣһͷͿ峿ĸЦſǡ
峿ߵкĸǰļͷ֪֪֮ԼǸأ
кԼ֮ǰ˳ڣ޲Լһƣ⺢ҲǸĳȥģϵͬʹɫﾾ½ǣһǣŪǣ
ĸһϱ
кǸģһ˫צƵֱ峿ӡ
ղŵǸкݼˡ
峿Цǰǣǵﲻ̫Уûǽ̺ãͺúý̽զˣ
һѳĸܿ˵ĺצӣͬʱһŰǸйĸߵбײһкϣ˵һš
ʱµһһŮĿȴʧƲ֮ѹϡ
峿ɿĸһȥкıϣѹŮıϡ
ĸ߹һڣǣ뵹ǵ뺦ǼʮˣĳˣžǸҵϹˣǼóԺúȣͷͺԸ
ޣΪɶˣѹڵµкŭ֪ҪȥҼˣֻʮҰױ򷢽лأǿǲ£ǣĶҵţҵǴ




34.  ʮ     һӸš

峿ֱ, ûܹᶾС氡֪ĸ
峿Ž룬ʮҰױǰɣǮ, Ϊ㻹ѺˣճԴ׷ģզҲɽأ
, ͡
׼, Ѫ
, 㣬˵к˵Ů, ˵ĶԣǱѺ˵ģĸԸΪ˼ɽġ
Ӿʹˣȿֺģ㣬Ѿ㣬ǰɣǴˣҲ, ǲҪˣЩҰױǶҪ, ߰ɡ
峿Цһӵ, Ƽû, ͬɱˣ
⺢ӵ৵һǺ죬б۵ͬ飬ٴα˵
ѵһ, ϶˽ɨһۿϹŮĺŵƣȿȣû¶ͺáѾȷ¡
ղŵĲҽŵһ£Щ¿ȥЩſ˻˵ðЩ˯ţȻ͸Ѿ˵һЩСķһָǼʮĴӣȻܲסˡ
峿ȣɡ
Ѿզ¶϶ڿˡ
ĸ˵һ飬϶Ҳ̲סȻǸʮҰױǾͿߺˣҲǿġ
ƾɶкವһЩֲǵģƾɶǣĸҲзݣ
峿ЦȲ˵˶Ūģɽռģû˵֮ҵĵ̣壡
ÿһʳҵģǳԵĶҵģһǮ㣬ҪԸĻȫǮⲻǮҹ߾ùٸд
ʱĸӵϲ¶˾֮ɫ
֪ˣˣ
ͳĸûĵӣкǱģ˭֪ͷ᲻峿ľô˷ߡ
˵զã峿ʵ
ңզ죬ЩӣﲻĸΪѣɲͷ־ƽĻš
϶ӵѣ˷˰ɡ˵㲻ܰŪøʳߣ֮ǰʮҰױһȻһôǾԼҳԵȥ۵ġûûˮȥƾ¶
ԣô졣峿ܻͬܲԹһʹҪǾúõĻҾȥ˵
Ҫǲͬզ죿ڸǰ֡ĸǸйģӻĺܣʱһĵģɼǸġ
߾ʹȡ峿ĵϲ֪մ˶ѪС۾ˣպɱӺ
ĸĳŮģµȥ֣𣬻ȥ˵ɡ

Ҳ֪ĸզȰģʱĸӿɽǰϴڲסĺ⣬кķźݻ
峿ĸţֻܲһƽϣĸδܻ죬αԼ֡
ôһ̫ˣ¶һÿһ̾ɶʱꣿ
ʣ¼ҲˣĸӿֵһĻɫּ̿ˡ
ĸ¶˵ǣ˭Ҳţɽж״ҶģôຢڣʮҰױóˣú룬ҿûҾұǵǻҪá
˵ĶԣӶȷʵҵҪãҼҪЩףﲻøҳԣ͵ܵܵġС˵۾ˣұѺˣΪҴҵܵҪԣҵǷݳˣҲţû׽˵ġ
ĸ˲ˣסСﰲοޣˣһֵأԺԶٳԶ٣ӲŮкŮӶϲ
ллӡСŵҵﲻҪ˿ʼҲҪˡ
ʣ¼СҲųǸͬܣϾǰǸʱвٵŮ
кЩ޴ĿһĻҪο֪զ˵ֱͷӣӡ
ĸᣬˣˣҶˣӸǱ֤ԸĺǣһڳԵȸǳԣŮкͬҪҪк۸Ů
ӣʵҼ˶ҶãҲɵŲأһС߳˵ڼûԱӣҵܻܵҵƤ춼ܳԱӣҪһӣֻҪչҳԱ
ƤĸЦСӵĹͷСߺ˺͹ųԡɽϵز࣬ӾûɶˣʼǸѾһɣһŬȹѹءģҿ϶ѾĻСصؿڡ
Ѿ㣬ҲģǸɶУʱɵĺˣܸǽŷѹ𣿡һСѾͷʡ
ԣԺɻɵõǰʮˣϸһŷѹӳԡ峿Цŵ
Ѿ㣬ҪɻĻѷѹӸҳһš֪ܳնյС˵űߣסȴ󺰵
峿ʧЦ˼Ѿˣʣµĸôָ棬ɽ϶ʱûдˣҲóЩѹӹģãùԹϽ͸ӳԡ
㣬ҲҪҲҪѾ嵰׵ĲļŰնգ׵ĵŰնգǵĽ㣬㲻




35.  ʮ     Чʸߡ

, 峿Դۣ硢һõʮз, Ѿ嵰Ҫȥˮ, һ
˵, 峿϶ıⵣˮͰˡ
, Ѿȵȵ֪ˮ̶Ķ϶ܵĶû׷峿ֻóɣӺ
, 治֪
峿ͣµ϶ͰͰˮ𣿡
ã˶ϴϴ֣ˢ
һľϵܣֻˮȴ䲻ˮ, ˮÿ졣
һװͰˮ϶Ц, Ѿ컹ȥת𣿡
, ɶ¶ֱ˵
峵, ȥس򣬸Щ϶˵ǮƴҲһ, Ȱ峵ã۾ȥأѾɶûͷ
ҲҪȥ峿˵˵˰ɣҪɽ¸Ƿӣ⿿һ̫ˣȥ߽ţЩ˻Ҳõ˰ɽ˵ȥܰſģզ
⣬۵Ǯɣһ׾͵ǮҪ׵Ļ
ЩӣҪʳǮ¶ܣ취ֻҪŮͬ˾С峿Ļ
ͬ⣬ͬ⣬ɶģֻҪǮ˼Ҳ򡣡
峿һۣ仯治С
϶һ죬۹Ůզģϲı仯
ûϲúá峿Ц䣬֮ǰֺõĵˬ˲٣˵㻹û˵ҸɶأҰ峵
ԣûҪĶ࣬Ҳȥ򡣡϶˵
Уû⡣峿˵˼ʯʮʮһ·Ļðչٶ̫ˣһͷӣһͷûʮòҲòʮֻΪһʮѡ֣Ϊְҵĵĳ裬潲¼ǮӵĵһҶˡ
Ҫгأ
гȥ㣬öͷӣһöʡʡǮ
ֻͰװˮ峿ǰѱⵣø϶ɵͰˮɽ·ƽء

Թ緹ĸһȺĺȥʯͷ֡
峿϶˸ͷ˿ֻһ˿֮ǰɽתƵʱ򶼸ľϵ²⡣
߷ﲻҵ˸ͷӡӡ
ѿ˻ɽƽϣ峿ֱ˵Ŀ϶ߣѿиһİӣȻƽƽ̹ĵɹ
ӱͰɣô̫ˡ
峿ʮһ峵ò꣬ʣµҲ˰ɹͷɹӡ
ͷҪ˵ĻǲǵðмԺ峿ֲͣʵ
У۰мԺʱ˾סΧӣ罽Һȥʰ϶Ǹжɣ۳ûɶˣɨȥԺɨء
峿ҲţӰ¹İӸٹ⣬ŪŹ⻬İһȺĺѾ㣬Ѿ㡪
㣬ڿյվãﵷңҪǱֲá
಼£ͬѾ嵰ڵĺսţСظͦñֱһС硣
˵ɡ峿ӣ˳ּ˵ϲϸĴ֦С۴֣ûɶãֻܵա
ÿƳ
㡪߰˸һ𺰽㣬峿ͷҪһͼ嵰վվ˺һۣ𳳣ٳˡ
ǾȻԹˡ
аɣ嵰˵峿һ֦һذף֦ϷɿĻš
㣬ɽˣһͷ̺һСã㣬ҪҪȥ˸ߣ
á峿Ը̫̫ŮˣԼˣ߰ɣǽȥ
˳ְľС˵ݸѾɡ
㣬ҲҪ嵰ק峿Ȳߡ
Ƚ˽ӻ͸ǶС峿ûк˱ˣָָϵ֦ء
ǽҪ㡣嵰ɿ֣Ѿҿ
ȣǱˣȥû峿ҵ¶óյܣͷ˷ֿɾ鷳ˡ

һӺ峿ɽ£ɽСȦſˡ
̣һ峿бóˮҵݹȥ˳һĶͷ̵ģȵˮɣҳһ״̬̫ԣǲǰҲ·ˣ
ûСָ̫̫Ůˮ㣬㡭̫ˣûɶ
ûԵɽԡ峿ʾ̫̫ҲϽȵ㡣
ɽ̫̫šüɽϵˣɶϵ
ɽϵ˸ûϵ峿͵Ǹպĸĺˣ·ƽεˣǳﲻɴסˣһң֮ǰѺ˵ļʮӣ߰ɣȥɽϾܿˡ
̫̫ҧҧһ̫ţһСݣûɶͼıģͼıҲܵϰȥ
峿̫̫ŵɫˣûͣûǸҪȵɽ˾ɶˡ
̣ұһɣҲ߿




36.  ʮ  Ʋ   ӽԪ

̫̫ûоܾ, ˣֻһһɡ
̣ûɶأ峿Сһʵ
, һա
̣ӻĵʱдӳ𣿡峿ǰͷ, ûп̾, ⼸ɽϿ, ûкʵӣֻЩ߲˺ҪӵĻ, Щ࣬ʵﵾȵǲ٣ɵҪˮ࣬˶Ȳˮжֵء
ԭõֵģҲ֪ʲ̫̫ˣ˵أбĴ㣿
̫̫ʵЩ, Ҫϵ¶ˣҲİ˵Ļ, һĨڵģҲ֪ɶ
Ҳ, ͷ, ʵڲеĻͷȥظӡˣ, ɶӣ峿ʵ
żʵǷѺͰˡ
̫̫˰ɶӣżæŵץķŰ㲻˵ҶˣȵضҸ򡣡
̫̫ȷӣ֮⻹ҪЩʮӣ·ϸСŮԵģһֱûҵᣬ˵ȫңòСġ
ϡ뵽µĶˣ峿Ų
ɽʱ򣬾ǰͷкӵûһͳ嵰ѾͼӦ
İڣǹɵĺܣԹԸһԲ
ڿЩӵʱ̺Ȼͷˡ
ɶ֣ˣ˵˱ˣ𣿡̫̫ںסһĴ
峿Ҳû⣬̫̫ʣ嵰Ǹɫš
쵽ɽʱ峿һ·ӿĳĵͷ·
̫̫ҲֵصһѺ֣һۿźģעץһţ̫ˣȻòܳѿϧˡ

ɽĸ϶ʹ嵰֪ϢѾǰˣӭ
ӣҵ峿Сһ
⣬ĺ˼ֻһ룬Һһô͹ˣллǡ
лɶҶסĸЦŵȰɣ໹һܺá
ѾûȹˮˣȸСһι˼ڣСһˣİһꡣ
϶ţĸ̽
峿򱻺ȥСˣŪü򵥣и״ټٺͼ򵥵ѣһС˾ͳˡ
嵰һֻСϻ嵰ϲĲڻ˭ҲٴΰӸĽˡ
峿۰Ͱͳĺǣٹ⻬İӷɹѵϵĹߺٻĩɨɾ֣ȥмԺӡ
ԭͷסĵط֮⣬ǹصĶҲš
˿Ժյģûˣܡ̳ʲôҲˣʯɨһȾ
峿ɨһ۾ͽмݣһµãһſǽĿ̫ʦΣŻɫƤëƤ
һŸ߼߼ϰŰ״ɲһ豭
̫ʦ߻Ӻ͸߼ϣһĶԣð˸߼ϰŲ룬⿴˳۶ˣС豭ˮģ˼ҶǴȾƲŶ
ǽڸһţϹӡ
Ƚߣһңռһ뷿Ŀı֮ȫǰµģһˢ˺Ŀ񣬳һֻѹڶԵµĹʣµȫڡ
ɫϸ˿ףһˡ
ָǵһƱ٣аˡ
峿ԪͽԪӺͽӶǽҲǿģ֮ǰŽûԹսء
һԪ˸飬峿ûãʮأЩǮò˶ãǱˣ÷£ͷˡ
صã峿ȥǽߵķ䣬Ǹ⣬ѻ˰ӵӣȫĿǽ
Ӵ򿪣ֻͷ桢дƥҩĵȵȡ
Щƴһûãȡ֮ǣ˵Ķʮƥƴȫˡ
峿ӷ˸ҵҪīֽͼ顣
óһݣӺϣӸ߼ϣȥ˸֦̿ʣ嵰
㣬ɶ嵰һһѷĸ۰Ͱ͵ĳ
峿֦ڵд˸֮Ŷ飬һҸ֦ѧд⼸֣дõģҲϻ嵰Ѿ
嵰ͬӣĿڿԽˣѾ˫̥ɶһģѾýƫģɴһˡ
ǡ־ѧһ顣峿ָһһˣ嵰֮峿֮ǰŶҪ̻ѾѾҲ㽱һѹӡ
㣬СһΪ˳ԵĻȥˡ
СһһԵϱ飬峿˼ֽ̿ʻ
˰ʱ峿ֳĽṹͼˣֳ׬һʣֺĵطŪîðíж˲ܲ𿪿Ľṹܴܺĳ̶ȷ档
ƻã
˭֪ճžͱסˣ̣ɶ¶СһأȳԵ˯
ⲻ֮ǰ·˯ߵôȻͺ֮ǰѾҿ˿ĵĵأһ·ӻҲûʣɶ֣ǰӣͷ°ɡһŰɣͷȥ̫̫Ӷݹ




37.  ʮ     Ҫѧж

, ˡ峿ûд󷽵ĲӣȷʵҪӣ, ̣ȱ, Ҹд
д̫̫ڰ, Ҳд, ȻҲø㵽ʱҪԶˡ
Уллˡ峿ͷǶ˸˱ļǮ, ͬ˵İӽԪھˡ
˱պá峿øĸͷʱ۶ѧ֣Ժ㷽ˣǡ
ͷúѧɽ̵־ͷ·˳£峿˺ܶ鷳
Էǰ峿ֻС, ʣµĲ࣬ʮ, Ӿ͸ˣ
ð, ھͲ˷ˡ
Ȼ, Ϊ˵ĸ뿪ˣЩ, ̳ĴȣҲ߯˷˰ɣզ
̫̫ҲûۣǾ׳Ե̫ˣûӲùûסһſһŵĺӡ
ԣԲңҲǹġͷ׵СĵǸҶ̫ġ
û¶ЩһͺˡĸΪ⣬һ𣬵ȻͷϤ˾ͺˡ
峿ֱӶˣ룬ѽ극ҪѹӵģЩСްžͷ˰ɣ
仰ֱǸ䣬̱ᣬСްĶզû
Ҳû
㣬̫ãɵöϢ
ѽѽ㣬ûСްˣ㻹ѹ𣿡
峿ЦĳЩӣԺСްԣǿֹ۵ĺӲŸԡ
Ȼ֪ɶмǿֹۣǶ֪˲ܿ޲йӳԡ
ŷѣûԺãĸĵıƽʱٴ˷ǵȻԲ˷ѡ
̷룬峿Ͻ࣬û˵ĵضѡ
Ϊ˲һȺǣ峿ֻŪ˶ʮŹӡ
Ųȥĸˢ͵һԵĿյϣһ˫˫۾еĳŲ
ȵŨҲȲɿڵķѡ
ϵվߣµվұߣ߸ѡʮ峿˸ӰϷѹӡ
ֱ̫̫۾ȴûĶġ
㣬Ͳһһ𣿡һʮĺʵǿ֪ɵľŪĹӣΪɶ˶С
˵㻰˵˱õʮӣǾֻʮ峿ĵ㲻ǷǵģҲǵԹӿԼȥûҲûθŪ
һ嵰ЩµģӸǽ岻˵
ղ˵ǸǸѾ㣬ԲʱһңŪôһܲףҲô˵Բ𡣡
˵˸òϵҲȱĺҪɾǸĺӡ
峿һ֪ͺãȻΪһ䷨ֵʯͷͱɹˡЩ֪˶òҵҵӲԼΪɶǵøǣϣǼס˸ûϵûʲôȻԸΪΪĻ⣬û¶¶
ĵѾˣҪȥҪĸãȥŬ¶Ȼֻܱ˳ԹӣǿšˣѡҲ֪զѡȫ춼أ˵˵ɣЩӱã
϶ָߵĺӣѡߵģѾѡұߵġ
ӡţ󺣡ʮӽɻ棬һ̾֡
壬զûңҽҲɵĶ࣬Ҳĺܡһк϶ʵ
϶̧һϣӰ㻹˵˼ҸɵĻٳԼģֻ͵ӣҷֹٸһλᣬ͸ҹ
϶ˣֵضׯ˶Ҫզ͵أҪǷֵļʱһƬسٶʳ
Ҫ֪Щʳܾģ
峿ɨǸӣΪɶ˵ˣͲøԣ緹ˣԺɵĺãѹҲûķݶ
ΪɶЩʳֲġ
峿øϻ߹ȥһȥߵڵأ֪һô˵ɶ³Ӧüյ̫ˣ
˵գɨһʣµĺӣǶҪſˣ˵סҲƣܸɻĺúøɻܸɻľ͹Թ´Σ͸ҹɽȥ
ѡŬһͷԽ֡
á϶ɴӦˡ
ĸҲѡ¶ĺӣԼҵѾ嵰Ҳ档
峿ѶʮŹӷˣɨһûӵĺӣʵʵĸɻ֣ȻͿű˳԰ɡ
ЩӳԶϰ߲զãģĺܣҲиôͲˣûӵĺ۾ˡ
׷峿ǲǻҪѡһúñ֡
ﻹʣŷѣ峿Ÿĸ϶ǸһջˣǹŮТǵġ
ҲҪѧж
ʣһģҽԼģҽ˺ܶÿһˡ
Щ˼峿ͦģһĲ׷ѡ
̫̫һ˵һ峿ҲûԴԷѣպúøɻҲлᡣ
̫̫ЦӦˣԼԽԽϲӣˡ
ճԷ磬̫Ÿɽ컹ţû峿ߴ٣嵰ѾԾ˴ԺѧϰСĺҲ֦ڵд֮ЩЩˡ
峿֦дˡ֮Ա\'Լ֦ϰд
ȻǸ֮ǰϹѧãԼ϶ѡŬĺӣȥмԺ
ŬĺӽˣδϹѧӸ嵰Ѿһѧϰ
Ϲѧõĺӽ󣬽ʮ꣬˵ǰҾĸ岻ãӻ˾ûˣֵص᲻ףѺˡ
峿ͯɣּʶˣĿǰѾѧˡ
һĻ峿ûˣûȫء




38.  ʮ     Թԣ

峿ұ߷﷭, ҵѧӹøԼһױīֽҲ
ѧţͷȥҸЩϡȺֹȥ, лĻҿԳǮȥѧ峿Ц˵, ͷԼѡס, ͷո, ҹҲԿˡ
Ѿ㣬лл㡣֣صĵ
ɸɻԹԣ峿ʡ
ûСӵѾ, ҲǲµˣǰҵʱҲӲյĶ飬Ұն飬Ͷҵ˵ҲһǿǣȻһǰտγԽأɽʳ, Ӧһֵͬأ˵
ܲ, ʲôûҪڳɽϵĻ, ûҪ, 췹Կѧϰ峿ɵͷˣ߰, 嵰ǼҲӸǲøѧϰĵطˣ󣬴ʼɽϺֵ¶ҲˣÿҪһ䡶־
áӦˡ
ԺĲֵͣ峿ҲЩѧϰ
϶ΧӲŷſڣǿſͷдˡ
ڱīֽأ֮ף嵰ѾʣµĺӶ֦д֣ȻͷȥأܲܵͼһЩ
źǻ֦д֣峿ĵͷãȲܵĵúǶ֡
гֳͼֽȥ˹߼䣬ũԼ˵Ŀѻ档
˿˵ȥۣɡ
Ȼûѧգ˵Ƥһ״вУʱ϶еģʱ䳤˾Ͳ֪ˡ
ԣҪһ
£Űɡ
̫ûɽ峿Ȱ˫̫ɡƵſڣٰѿ£һѱżһߴͼ̵ϣǾͰѵƬˡ
Ҳһ룬жʮѣƬɾһͨӲһ״
ͼֽԱȽ׵ֵֺᣬߴ϶Сˡ
ѵɹȦԼɣЩСĳߴ磬Ƿһ£֮ǷܰϣϺǷҧϡ
ûле̫ˡ
Ҳ峿Լ˳ӣĸˣһʱһѵէһСһ
ۣŷֹλơ
ĸŪ˸͵Ʒ˫̫ɡϣ̫̫ŲϺ߷ѣͼЩĺСϱ飬嵰ЩС϶Ż˯
峿½ӲָͷʼװƬͷβϲмһȦȻмС˶㣬Ҳ΢õȥһܿס
һ֪ȥ˶ãҺν۾գգǰϣβպϣ¶
̧ͷҪĸԼϲãŷҲѾˣǼӺ̫̫ȥ˯ˣֻ϶ĸһ˵Ż
Ҹæ峿
ѾǸɶ϶ʵ
Ȼ˵峿ʾ϶ĸһ˾һ֣ȥһЩҲǡ
˵ת֣۲ҧϳ̶ȣвƥģͷ޸֡
˳ߴСģ˵ȲϹҵСһӡ
ָͷ֣תţܿͷһطϿʾĸ˲Ҫֳ˳ݡ
תˡ
ּ˺֣ȷû峿¿
϶Ȼʵɶģզû
ûĶˣٸ¶ĸû˰϶Ůɶ͸ɶ¶˵
峿ЦЦ۲Ҫȥزɹư峵̫˲˵۵ûţһȺ֪ɶʱܻ֮ǰүүﳵһֽŵžߵĳӣٶر첻˵˻
Żͼû뵽ˣЩǵİ峵£ʱҽզ
ô棬ɶԼߣĸš
϶ֲ֣صĳţѾЩӰǰͷСЩİͷĴС߶𣿡
ԣ峿Ĵָġ
ʱ仹磬ȥ϶ֺⶫֱǴ磬δȤĶ
㼱ɶĸûĵ϶ʱ仹磬ɶ˯ŪŮߣ˯
϶ٺЦűֲ֣Ѿģ˵Ӻɶģø㱣棬˯ų򡣡
峿ЦЦҪһҹ˯ûĻҿɲ㡣
ᣬᣬͿһ϶Цűˡ
ǣһӣһɨһ۾֪ɶˣõ𣿡ĸۡ
סˣ
Ǽɶǲסģˣ˵ˣϽ˯ȥɡ
峿ҡҡͷһҪȥһˣҹ˯
ûꣿĸšüʵˣʳˣҲǻаͷȥЩ
峿գգۣĸˣΪҹ˯ŪʳȥˡҲûͣУ֪ˣһͲȥˡ




39.  ʮ  ֱ   ҪǱ¶

⺢ӡĸûĵһ, ǵȥ𣿡
~~~峿ĸĸ첲Һܿͻ֤˲, һˡ
ȥɣԼСġ, ĸͬ, Ҹ, ȥﴩ
лл峿ǣӺ󴰷˳ȥ
һ·ɽ˽ʱ׷Ķ, ҵˡ
Ѿ嵰Ҳˡ
Ѿʮ𱻺¼ֳҹҰӱͱӣԭǵʱһ䣬˭֪ʮ˵ֺ˵ȥˡ
ǲŸհʮ˷ˣת۾ˣģ˲ɵɶС
˺ܾһɵľѾ, ΪɶأΪǸƫƫûֱɱ, һϾѾжϲĿá
ȥЩ, ֪ΨһĹͬǡǵҪѾġ
, һ뵽ľѾ
û˵ΪɶأһѾѾ, ڶѾǰѼɱеɱˣ
˵ûţ̻п˵Ѿ˵¶үүȻϲȴҲ˶ĺӡ
Ѿɱˡͷһֱܵ¶ȴþѾɵġ
ҪΪɶʾֱ
ǸӿžͲ̫ԣЩ˶ǵҪģˡ
Ҳˣֻ΢㣬󵰿˵ǻֲ̿ˣѾνƲ̫̫ϣɷϵǣ¶ߥ̫̫ģдģɵģƲ塣
۳Ŵϻһݣ̫̫һʣզˣǲûϢãҪö̧ţȥϢ
󵰸Ͻܾ뻹ǰԼĻɸ̫̫˵ˡ
һ̫̫ſھǣ𣿡
Ҳҿ˸û˵Ľ䣬Ȼ⻰ҪǱүˣ
̣С㣬⻰ɲ˵ͷ֪øã
̫̫ڰ֣ĵ˵ˡҲ˼ԸԸˣҪǱ¶ҶܵˣǼֲǲ֪͵˼Ҷٺӣһ·ԵûʮҲа˸˭֪Ǹ˭˳֪˵Ѿ¶ûܾΪȥɱˣǲ𣿡
̫̫һ󵰵ȥ˴룬ˣ
ҹĻ٣ٴ̡
ҹܰһĸ·û˿
߶ˣ󵰰Ĳ٣˵ûѾҪǱ¶̶ܵˡ
ȴ֪Զ峿۾ıӰ
Ҫ˵̫̫Ǹˣ󵰾񼫡
Ȼˣ͸뵽¶кǳܵģһҲٲˡ
ȻôǡˡҲİ˸Ū
峿ĸ֤ҹȥ·ʱҪ׼ʱȥҪսپ
֪йզģ󵰸Ҹүһߣ϶̫̫һ棬֪˵ɶĻ
˲ŪǵøĽѵ
⣬ҪǵûûڹٸǵֻҪԭ٣¶ǳ׵ĽˣֻҪǲϣ˭վ˵ûá
峿վɻţΧвٶеҲͻ
ͷ˿ϸ˿棬˳ŵϸѵķ϶ǰ
󵰸ǰ˿Ϊذףݺ󵰵ĽתȦȷŽѣ峿֡
󵰵ĲҽˣȼѲ鿴󵰵
һĽŽѣүӾѣʶľʣ󵰣ԡ
ûС󵰺۾϶ĵûгԹ⣬Ҳûպӵ¶ү¶Ѿģ϶ǲҳʳҵֶʳ¶
˭֪ʮ˶һ·ӻûٳ⣬ԣүӴ֮²Żʡ
̫̫Ҫ췴󵰸Ͻ󣬲˵¶ζܰ¶˵
̫̫һ̷Ӧˣͷӣ˵ĶԣѾǸѾͷаԵĺܣ϶ģϴǻŸɶϽҵѾҲǸѾͷҴӡ
죡үӰ󵰵Ľųϴʹɫü˸ɾĲʵ󵰣㵱ʱɶо
ͻȻһ£̻ͷȥһԶվס̶סȻҾͷ֣ǸҽŽĵӲˡ
ȷ
ԡҲǰ˼⣬һֱ¶һҾˣҲװˣץסˣ˭֪һͷͷֲˡүǸӣͣͺƾʧһ㡣
˵ɶƾʧ㵱ɰүӳӻóһѺںĶƿĲźںĶ˿ϣ¹ϲ
ϴˣɫʮѿûҵѪǰҲûˣҲûֿɵˣЩŴ󵰺ľ̫ԶˣҪǶ֣ܲ˲




40.  ʮ  ¶   ٸˣ

Ҳ˵, Ҳɵ˶ûУүɫѿˡ
ϴûɲ, һۼûУǸ֡
ҧŴ, Ž, ڼҵһ, Ҳ벻ͨӽֵܶġ
ڹ֮ģ̫˼
үզ죿סʵ
øһ³, зϣӴ֮Եƾٲ˵ѡ
ۿžܿˣۿŹδֻֿ׽ôʧǰôֹڴˣӴ֮Щһʮ, Ϊ˼ͭۿһӾôججĹȥ
ֻҪ뵽ӴԺҪ, ˰һɱˡ
ֻվڸߴ˲Ż׵ʹֻ࣬Ҫӥᵽϳľ
󵰺ܾ, κý, Ըȥ
ܱɺöˣ·ѡ͵͵үӣɼǸ˴, ˴˵ˣŽ˸ӲϣԺֻһɴϣһҲǻǮβõģүӿɱ𷸺ͿҪΣǮͲˣˡ
󵰴ͷû߬Ľģеĺ⼸ҪΪʵʡ
Ǹˣ飬ˡ
󵰺ޣϴҲޣ󵰵˺Ŀɲ󵰣ϴ°뱲ӵҸ۳󵰾ܿˣŵˣȫ˸ƻˣأĻɶ˼
磬˵ɶˣװơ
УǰɣǴ㣬󵰸òҸˣϴͱˡ
⣬ۼǵңǮҾҲûǮõͻĺܣ˵Ը뷨ȫƵү̫̫ϡ
ϴʣסˣŸôβãҪﵽͷȥܲ״һΪһˣҪΪԼȡ壬үͬˣᷴ𣿡
￩һǶˣ󵰿թش𣬵òشүΪɶ˵̬ءֶӵôȵģүӶţѾˣҪνˣˣˣҲ⻵ˣûͷ󷿵˼Ǻޣ岻ԣǼΨһһˣ廹ԺմĹء
Ȼ˵꣬үɫЩҪ֪˵о֮ţҵϣˣⱲӶͷһӶӣԸһ𣿡
ʵҡҡͷԸ⡣
ҲΪ佱Żڴʻʱ˳ˮۡ
׾ͺãģԺϢˣ϶ġ
Ҳʱĵģҿţҿ϶˵ܵúġ
Цŵͷ㡣
ʣµһǮֻһۡ
ҪҴԱ߽̫̫¿°⿪ŵϣϴϱŻţǮõǸżҪľӣҲ֪զ¶ֺһ飬ѵһϣĶһء
զ¶ϻϺȡүָ̫̫Ҳ֪һûס
ͷӣɶأϽװΣǼеǮˣҲϣʡţһҪҴκˣȻҸûꡣ̫̫˵̲סɱǧĶб¶ҴӸɶ֪˭Ҹû
죡үӺ̧ͷݺݵĵ̫̫һȰҲһ˲Ŀϴż۸Ͻ߰ɣ˺öѪĲˡ
ͷӣ㡪̫̫ͷӷɶ裬²ǼƽϵʱһѽɰͷӻߴٵͷӣǿȥǼţʱ۾ڹٵϻϡ
ٸˣүӽֽˤ̫̫ϣݺݵһۣкϴϡ
ɶˣ̫̫Щҵţġ
̫̫͵ͣżֻһˮԴϽ͸⣬զͷӳ⼸ֽˣ
ɶΪɶƢչʵʶ֡
ûɶ̫̫ɫĺһ䣬򶨣ʵѾˣͷƢã᲻
ʱٴһ飬ٴεڵϣĲˣһץס˶һ𿴣죬ͷдɶ
ʶֲ࣬򵥵ֻʶģ̴
׼̫̫һң




41.  ʮһ     ١

, ɶתĵģڶǰͷ˭, 
˭Ҵ̫̫۾˻, ϱ, 𿪣
, Щ̡
صŸ첲̫̫, ɶʱôǮˣ
ӣ̲ˣˣ̺ʹ󵰸ѾǸˣǸ飬˳أϽ̧ͷֻ̣İˣ, ʹ󵰸ΪɶҪѾ㡢Ѿú嵰ܵˣ
峿ǵĹϵã⺢رϲ۸Ѿ嵰, ֮ĶԹҲ˰ĵز, , Ѿ֪ɶ˼ˣԣ벻ͨ, ̣ҪѾǲһٲΪɶҪ
ɶ˵һ飬˭˭ʱˡ
ĸҽףȻעҵֻЩԶ֪Ϣš
죬׼˵̫̫Ҳ֪Լ̫ˣһҲڣҪ֮ǰѾ˶ûҸôˡ
էһ̫̫׺ݵŵˣٲ˵ˡ
žžž
ƴϣҹ
¾ŵɪɪϽ̫̫
ɶҹźӵ汻Ҫ޺޵ĵ̫̫̫̫ȫȻ壬һƴȥʰͷӣʰһϱģ
ۡ
ˣϽ׷ȥ
̫̫ѣһڴϣ޺ˣˣ㲻֪С˼ҺãкҴӣ
ҲûḺ́ܽ˼ҵ¶̱תע˵ɶ󵰱ˣأզˣ
󣬽󱻸ˣҵҵĺϴһȥǰͷȥˡ̫̫۾͵Ҹô϶ǮЩһ·϶ˣֶӣȸ𣿡
󵰣˵ҲЩżУȥǰͷǰɣֱӴǮȥģ⺢ҳųģҲܲܡ
˵գҴˡ
̫̫¶ЦݣĴβˣ˵һǮλˣ󵰵˾Ͳˡ
ֻ̫̫ЦݻͲԾˣоöĿⶢĿʵܵĺܣġ񡭡զˣҴôˣ
Ѿ֣Ѿź߹ûҵǰһԶ̡
ණЩΪɶộ̫̫°ͷˣû취ȵˮûУϴͷΡ
˵ѽ⺢զĺ«һ̫̫šü
Ѿɪ£С˵̣ѣ¶˵ȥˣ꣬˾˵ңҶ֪ˡ
̫̫ĺ˲ɫˣֱˣˣ
һĻ峿ĵĹ˸䣬븽
̫̫ûˣһץסúģүӻеĴ򡣡
󵰣ܻǮҵҩģ̫ҽԺҽҲȲĽһӣǸмˣûйδֻ޾ýѵĿӡ
峿³ӿŲ
ϣ峿صɽϵʱѾǺҹˣţڽݵ˲䣬Ϳĸ۾Ѿˣɶʱˣ
һʱˣץ˯ɡ峿ĸ£ֻһʱ۵ۡ
ڶһ˯硣
أ峿̧ͷϵ̫ɶʱ¸갡
ȥɽתˣܲҵɶ϶ľӣѾϽģҪզ
峿ȥ϶ָгֺ
żֱӰ׵ġ峿ͷгأȰֳϣ
۾һѰ϶ѾѼƳˣֵģԱߵĵϻһľͷӡ
϶ӹͷ˵ֳ𣿵ͶһӣӰһҲûס
峿ӣڰ峵ǰͷҪѣиӼӣһְмĿյСİ
˵⳵Ѻͳզģ
н̤أ峿ҳͼֽ㿴ģг
ԭѹء϶ͼֽ
峿Ҳľܶȴİӣ̿৵Ļߣ߾ݿ״һ飬ϧûɰֽȻĥ⻬Ÿÿ
ûһ峿Ͱѿǰͷֺˣû̫¶ͷһӣſϴӵ¿ܿ
Աͼֽ϶ŵҲˣϰ
峿˿߽ϣͷѣԼӳܡ




42.  ʮ  Ŵֳ   ء

˵ͼֽ, ʵͼֽĲ಻С˳һߴ硣
϶˼Ȧŵӣ²Ĺæ
һٶȾͿˡ
СʱͰѳܡѡͷ, Ǳֲڵĺܣ˶뿴ֳɶ, ȴĥ⻬װˡ
Զͦÿ, ֲڵĺ, ϶ýûע⣬ȶľͷϵë̹ˡ
ȻȥЩĥһĥ͹ˡ϶ųͷ
峿ͷɰֽ治֪զ, ʵֳǰһȫ죬ľͷĹߣػص۵ģǣܶũ߻ãûõֺֻ
Ŵִͬڳ͢Լѫ󡢹Ա㵽ɲס

Ϳˣ϶Сʵ
Ͽ, ʵϣ, û⣬, Իǡ
, ԣԣ, ȳ򡣡϶֣۲գĶųܵĳԼҹŮڰ֡
Уʾһ飬濴峿ĵմľĩųѿϣһŲȵأһŲŽŵӣַѣ΢㣬һֳ϶ӻӣ˧𣿡
˧ĺܣ϶ЦǺǵ˵ƻͦÿ
峿ЦЦӻǰߡ
϶Ŵͣ¹Ů͸˵ˣɵһĻ̲סѪͷӿĻģģʵг
ŹŮƵĶ϶ĸߣڳǰصȦӣѾˣѾˣϽõһ
żһȦһûԹءԼģڹҵĹŴ峿гɾ͸ˣöＸȦ¡
˵ʵڵģоãľͷ̫󣬵˵һֳ͸Уǰĳ⣬Ӳľͷ֪ƨжˡ
˹䡣
ûаװɲΪľͷƽؿ̫ë峿֪·׳⡣
ɽһȦ峿ͱ϶
峿϶ȥںͷҪ·ûɲܵÿ׷УҪѽҪͣýŲŵ档
϶ľͷϣ˷ܵںڵġ
Ͻ
ܡЩԸɶģ
ȿȣѾߣԱ߸Ű϶ŵĵֶץסѣŽ̤ӣӻǰ
ܵԺſڣ϶ʼ١תһһԣͷ峿Ѿȥԡ
峿ɶԵģ
ˣ߰ɡ峿ڳʵĲͷҪܶЩĻֺһȦʽˣ߳ӿ˿ϡ
϶תһȦ񫡣
峵Уøһ¡峿ų̫խˣĻţӣüӿ죬˿ȥ
У˵զŪ϶ֳ֣˵ֻǻİ峵һû⡣
ɣԱָҡ峿˵Ŀ죬Ǹֳ̲һİӶһûɶѶȣͷͷîߴɶĵ϶ָ㣬Ͼרҵġ
С϶Ӧһϸ˵˵뷨
峿³ŵϣˣϸպɹõİӣֱӼӿӡ
°ȥӲ٣ˣ϶ͻˣ㲻ϲϲš
峿ۣɱϲɡ
ȵʱĸˣһӺӣһĿˡ
ͬĸڣȫԾĶ̫ɹţͷϵɹɾֱӴϴˡ
ֳΪһϡ˲Ŀѡ
峿϶ɣ²ĸһ飬϶Ϊʾһ飬ǣĸȥһȦ硣
ɽϲ󣬸Ƶãĸˡ
ҽﳵͷ·Ի϶Բᣬͷȥؼʮأ̱
Ի̻ĸͷﳵϢ
ãһ˿ﵽسǡ϶֪ĸ߹Ը
У㲻ҵĻǰɣҲһӲҪͣ峿Цֺ嵰ȱõǼ硣
ϣ嵰һСžžų򣬡㣬ܿ㣬̫Сˡ
϶ǳ飬ĵ




43.  ʮ  ·   ֮˱пɺޡ

һӺ, ϶ͣǰãզԽԽۡ
, ƣǰʱ仹ʱ, ȥǼʮ, ٵʱ, ⿿һ˵۸峿ӹѣ, ϡ
ΰųһεľ壬߸һ鵲壬һοˣǲȽŵӡ
ĸȥסѣȻͲŸŵǰɣ
ԣ, õͷȥҪǰͷ, עⷽ򡣡峿Ͻץסͷһͷײϡ
Ҳ̫ˡĸµĿ, һùĵӡ
ûɶ˵, ɣϰϰ߾ͺˡ峿ĵȥ, ʮ·ĻҺ͵̱ڵϣԣΪҺ͵ȣҲѧᡣ
áΪ˹Ůĸҧҧתѣ²Ͻŵӡ
ֳгѧˣĸ¶˾ģ峿ָ˰ʱĹ峿һע⣬ɽûһᣬһ·˳˳Ļˡ
峿ЦŵҾ˵Һ嵰ѾΪɶôԭﰡ
͵ˣĸб峿ҹԻҼȻӦúѧȻ
Ҿ֪ã᲻Һ͵Կࡣ
ԣ϶͵͵ĸǸ߸

հҹ峿˯㱻ĸѾϽģŲ۸Ͻ·
峿ԺۣһȥѹĸȥԺ￪ʮӺϯӣһűӡ
峿͵͵ֳװ幫ųǮɱӺöˣʮɶʱ򻹵ÿЩѡ
̣Ҫüңȥͻء峿̫̫ӻ֡
ģ϶㿴üҡֺ̫̫ǺǵģԸҲҪСģû˵ĵضߣɱˣͷ˶࣬¶ˣסҪײ
ףǻСĵġ峿Ӧ˲ײͶԷһơ
ڿ·ɽ·峿ĸ϶ĳֳĸƽɽ
ɽ¾ǹٵ˵·ƽʯӣɽϺö࣬峿˫ϣŵӲȵĿˣʱ֮һ·̡
û·
ٵһˣ·γܡ
Ѿ㣬϶۾֮ǰĸڳ˯ˣһ춼ˣ˳ᣬȻɲˣѾȥ˯ȵ˵㡣
У˼ǵúˣɱǿȻͷ߲·Һɱ㡣峿Σ϶ǰûô͵ȹˣȲ۹࣬ɲ߲·ˡ
Ͻ˯ҸĸŹŮĵӾݺݵ϶ˣŮҲ𣿡
϶ͷЦѾ*ĸϽ˯˾ͻ

һ˯òãԽԽȣĸ϶һǰȥˣ峿û˯þͱˡ
ϲ֪ɶʱŸ̫ɡǲզɹˡ
˯˶ãػжԶ峿ˮҵˮһˮԽʣ׼ѹˣ
˯ԼĪʱĸӹӣò˲ųԣزԶˣаʱܵˣȻҾ͸
á峿ŷѴãºˣóˡ
ĸﳵ϶ǰš
ԽԽ·ϿʼˣЩؤ·߰̾ĸûжʳǮ̤ӵŵķɿҪܿЩˣñ߲ˡ
ǵĳʵעĿֻҪˣûвģ̰Ĳģ̰Ͼõֳӵˣܲʳˮ
ڼͨЩؤʱǰ·мһˣŸ첲ۡ
㲻Ҫؽ磬ٵеĿȣԼĪһɵӣҲ׶㣬ǵĳ׿ȥ
ĸͻˣҪײզ죿
ͣҲԸ⣬һͣ³Щؤͻ̰Ǻߵĳȥ
ҵģզ죿ĸżʵŵǰͷˣɵ÷ٶȡ
ܣȥ϶ɫЩİˣǵθɣֻҪ֤Լ˻ţ
϶ʹ˼˵Ȼͼ·˵ϳһĨңƺҪܿϿʱ·˺˼ɶһ˻ˡ
ҲǸˣΣ峿ĸ϶δеɱˣһĩɲ٣һ¶
˭֪ʱĸ˱ϣ϶м䣬˽ŵӡ
峿ü¡
϶һϽÿǲͣģҪȥˣ
ʱ˻Զһλܿ
ûжۣһӣʵߵĺܡ
ˣڳͷײ˵һ˲䣬峿ǳ˳ϷŵķһӰ˳ˡ
ţõôҲȳӵĹСסСˡ
ĸ϶״Լͬ¿϶˵ļᶨԸҲء
ô˻ᣬܵĸˣವһ´ڳȥԶ




44.  ʮ ſ   һʮͭ塣

ǰҰܿظߴĳǽ, ¶ļͷ˾ޱȵİ
϶˫ȣѾ
, ղÿ졣峿˴Ĵָ
Ѿʱе뷨, ľͷֳȷʵ̫ܵ, Ѿ, أǸۣ϶ɻ
Ӳ, ͲľͷˣȻͼˡ峿ڵ
˵Ż˳ſڡ
Ȼûд񾭹ûȫ򿪣ֻ˸һͨСš
Сվҿףֳֳìıʿ
ǽǵĻǳǵģҪó飬ȷ󷽿ͨ
֮⣬ǵÿ轻ʮͭ塣
һס˲ؤ͸һİա
뱻ע⵽ڵ֮ǰ峿Ǿͣ˳, ϶ų峿ĸں棬һӸŶӡ
ļǸĴ, һƼݰģﳤׯ, ֻһ·
˵ʮͭ, һͭҲò
ЩҲԸ뿪ҧεǸС, ͸ǸСſ˳ܾȻһҼڵʳˮ
صȴãҪʮǰҲöˣûеôãƫƫسǵʿզ˵Щ˶ţˣҲҪǡ
ǵϣզǶԸʧȥϣ
òǸͭ壬ʿȻǣô鶼С
һʱ䣬ǰͷһȺ˾ͽСſڣҲĺ߲ȥ峿żˣѾˣٲϽɹҪˣʱǶˡ
ǽÿ˼Ҽһ棡Ⱥһżֱţʿ
ʿͶЩòͭȴһİղͷˣìתһȦ˴һס죬ûͭ뿪Ȼĳì
ìͷݺ⣬ʿ͵ǰƣŵЩ˻Żŵıܿ
ʿԼͬɿģ
峿˸ϽųӸȥ
ǰ׼ͭͻ꽻Ǯν˳ǡ
ЩûǮİգԴڵϣŶӵˣֳſڵʿЩͬķǡ
ǲܵġ
峿Ȼͬ飬ֻͬӶ
ֵܿˣ˭֪ŵʿ˵Ӳܽǡ
ǣΪɶ峿ʶʵ
˵Ĺ涨ҵֻءұʢ˵𣬲Ͻÿһ
峿˶һۣ϶Ҫҡ
峿Ļ濴ӣǽȥɡ
ʵҲȥۼ˺üʮŸİգܽǾ͵ڶϾΨһȥϣ˭֪Щ˻᲻գˣʱſڿ϶Ҫ峿ĸ϶档
϶ĸԣһѽƽ˳ֽһǮʿҵġ
˳˺󣬺ӿĸ϶˵ʱѾ峿Ӱˡ
ˣ۸Ͻ˸Ͻ϶סǰĸ
ĸֻա

峿ųƬĿյأһŷ磬յĳųſڵˡ
˵ǵ˻١
ûǮڳſڵĸࡣ
ǸɺǵûŴֵ͢Ч̫ͣҪôҡı·Ҫôֻƴһˡ
ʱһĸŮΪûǮʮͭ屻˳
֪ûԹˣ˶ƤͷձƿǸʮŮһͷԵڵϡ
ĸ׵رźӿûһİ취
һСŮڱĸױҡˣ׵ˡ
ĸ׵Ĺ˲࣬ıźӣƬյع
峿²
ϧﶼû˭ҲȲǡ
峿ɨͬԴ޶ԣΧһȺӵģɲΪӡ
۳ԼҺӳ࣬٣ĸ׵۾ҪϹˡ
ĸ׺ĺţңĸŮɣȾҹŮɣҸλүͷˡ
û˿˶ĬĬĿţĸ׵ģֻһظʮɤӾ˵ˡ
峿ų˹ȥ
һˣǮ峿ʵ
Ҫ˵ģ˭
ŴŮѣ͵Ůͬһ
˭֪Ů͵ҡͷУǲ
峿üŮҪˡ
ҲŮ˼ᶨҡͷ
峿Įĳˣ㡣
İ˶ѣɶģǾϧһûᣬҪ֪ľûжӵġ
峿תҪߣ˭֪û߶ͷͳȱŮקסˣĵСԵİɣҹŮҪˣֻҪһ㣬Ժһᱨġ
вݸƤ𣿡峿ʵ
ԣҹŮԲ¡ŮЩУͷ𣿡
𣿡峿ָԸʵ
֮ǰ峿⻻ӻʱѣֳơ
ŮǰŲΪ˹Ůһͦ峿жģϾŴŮذиŮģԸæģڿŮıĿͿͦϲεġ
ǣ㻹ҪǣŮ˻ŭ
ͷûװɶ
峿ŮĸɵƵãݸ㲻֪һƤһˣҸպƤ
Ů˳ԾŴ͡治֪
˼ҲƤҲԸ峿ҡҡͷųˡ
ŮĳԲƤɳſڶƤԲϡ
峿߿меܹͨһԸֻҪһƤС
峿ŵͣסţ˵һƤɶ˵˵ڲŮġм۰
Щˣ峿ȷ⶯
Ҳû̴Ӧ˵˵Եҿһ¡
ǷҪ³Щԥ
ŵԣһԱֵؾͷˣʱꡢǷ֮Ҳ㡣
Щ˶ǸĴϼҴڣϵӣƫƫʯԼЩľ벻ԶҪ·ֱǷַӵ¶
ſɲġ
ӻĹˣزģֵûı¶˲ܣȽʵ
ǶǸСݴĴ񣬰Ǳı¶ûУֻҪһڷɶܸɡһ˵ƤǰǹˣݸûˣﺢӶֱޣû취س˭֪ڽǶҪʮͭ塭ʵû취ˣﺢҪˣȻ˭뵱ˡ
Ȼܿ峿ǾܾˣϼҴڵģҪ
ˡЩ˲峿Ψһϣˡ
˸Ĵ˹ڸǰ޵һѣ˵ģ峿ﲻ̫ܡ
ҲǣƤۣʡųԹǳˣϣʯɽ¹ٵңлܷûйǮҪɵĻ͹ȥ




45.  ʮ     ǵ¹

û˵, 峿۳Щ۾ವһðһ⣬̵峿̲ס˱۾
ͷӳڶ, ˵ģܷ
ԡ峿Ǹ, Ͼһ׾Ҫһ, һҲ򲻵һ, ˹һֻҪʮͭȿֺŸɡ
Ҳ˵ʳļֵԶԶ˹ѣ˵Щռ˱, Ƕ峿˵ǮδõĳȴʳȸǮһٷҲռ˴ˡ
õ϶Ĵ𸴣һЩİӿ˹Сզĺ, һɣ
ңɶ, һ֡
СãҲ, ǳԵ١
, ңҲɡ

峿һ˲ֻÿһȺѼӣ¸¸µĽлͣ, ԿۣЩ˵˸ɶ
һһ
жʱĿƵ
峿ɤӣľĺͻǷӵȣҪʮˡ
ҪҪǽӣשͱˣûˮҲˣȸǸľͷӽš
ҡһȺһѷǰֶҪƵǼˡ
һ¶Ͷ࣬㼷ҾҲȵˣƢĲ˵ģôȥȺʱ⡣
֮ģŵаûϴˣǸζЩû峿ŵֳųͷ𣬷ԶȺһʯͷ˵עĿµ˵ߣסһʯͷΪһҡ
ٴΰ
峿Ц˵˵ѽѽͣɶҿʮ㣬ĺţ
ڼ㣬㣬㣬һ˸ˣ峿ʯ¹ٵǣ̫ˣҸˣҪˡ
ǰӣûгġ
զ˵㻰˷ŭĳ
峿ЦͶ䣬ƨ¶ҸҪ˭Ҫ˭ҸҪҪɶϵֵõ
˱˵ƿԣһźϵ죬ɫŨصζжˡ
˵ɶԼַĩֱ죬ǲˣǻ˫־Դ顣
лл㡣дͷС
ҪлҸϽԶ㡣峿ûĵҿҪǵѬˡ
˸ɫΣ˲˵Ͻɢˡ
ʣµһһֻ峿תƣܲҵԼ
峿Ӷı㡣
ûһ϶ȳˣ׼ȷ˵ǱĹŮĸϳġ
ڳſţһȥܳȥɣų϶ĨһѺ̫ˣظƵã˾⣬һ˿á
˶Ѿˣ峿Ҳüƽϡ
ſŶӽǵ˲࣬ϳʾ϶ϣСſڣһǮӵݹȥ壬ҼҵģҵڿţǰæӦһ£ҵĻ¶
֮ǰŭ¶˲ƣ֮СΪϡ
ʿ˵һǮ𣬡ʹﲻҪܣǸӦš
϶Цŵ⺢ӣôһˣɶ
Ļ峿ɷ˵ס϶ļŵĿɽҲ֪㻹ɶѵ
СϵܣúôţŮТ˳ҶҪŮһТ˳ζЦѡӵĴĽ
϶޷ֻͣס˵ЦˣһͲһˣȮӣҶӿ϶ҲǸġ
ӵĴЦЦ˵ĶԣҶӸҳȻ²ŻһΣȴĺܣǾӪİٷ򳤣ֵ¹һٺˣ
峿̧ĽŶסŤͷĳ۴壬˲òడĶӾȻǸٷ򳤣
˳ǣĸڲԶµţѾ
ĸտյ֣峿Ƶ͵תô죬զɶû򣿡
ղ϶ʱҲֿտա
ڿջءĸ͵һͷһסء
˵Ҳǡ
ɶûһЩīֽ⡣峿˵߲
Уȥ򡣡ĸһӣĺܣʵˣûɶأʮȥһ룬īֽⱾͼ۹󣬹ɶˡ
ﾭһϼʮҵ̼Ҽҹţ峿ں治զͳ͵͵ܵǰСţԼҪĶŴ죬ֻǮһְѶͳ˸Ͻؽκ§Żܵķɿ졣
峿ͣ湻鷳ˣҲЩСģʵǺܶ˼ҼûԵľٵ̡
·ϣĸ֮ǰĶһ飬֮ǰ޻֣ȥЩϡͣȥֽīӣױȽϺõıīֽ⣬Լʮֻ˵ëʡ
òֽīӼû˹٣ƹֱӱˣʮ֧ëҲӣһ֧ëֻҪһģǰǾԲġ
ˣʮһɶ
ֽīԱ߾һҲ꣬ĸƲۣûǮҽ
ȥɡ峿Ц
ûǮ
ɶ峿һס




46. [] ʮ     ЩذǶ

Ķģĸ۾һ, ٿеˡ
ӣ֮ǰĲûǰ, ҸϺõıī峿ĵ
׿ֽīϺõģѿɲ
ĸӸϽ, ûһнŲ, Ҫɶ˵
ֲ, ҪҪƥ޲Ҫһƥĸҧ
һƥɳ, ԼĪʮףһƽһףƥ´ࡣ
޲ֻҪǸԼҺѵģˣԼˣĸȻԸԼЩõĲϡ
峿սʵ޻𣿡
ĸֱͷԶԶԣ޻Ҫ
峿˵жҪ١
̫, ̫˰ɣ
࣬, տҪˣȽ, û𣿡
, ȫҪжҪ١ĸ˵, ֲ޻ɶۣ޲أҪĶ࣬ƹĸЩ
޲ʮһƥֲ
ȵȣ޲ҪһƥǮţĸʵŻˣȥʱһƥֻҪ
һǮɶ
ȿȣզ˵أ򲻼ʳɶһԭһСȥƹдʡ
Ѿߣ̫ˣˡĸľţ̡
Ҫģֻ֣סĸ½ǲߡ
ּۻ˰죬ǮĸռϷ磬һڼۣ޲һƥֲһƥ޻һʮġ
㣬㡪ƹıĸĲᣬļ۸񲻳ɣɱס
Ҫ˵ɱˣһͭ嶼ղһСúȥĸԭ
ƹĿЦ汻˵ˡ
ԴӸɺĵڶ⣬Ӷ˭жǮ򲼣
˶һʡ¶ǮֱӾ
ҪǼһСúȥˡ
ˣˣȥ͵ˡ
УͰ˵ҲҪǮҪȼֵʳƹ˵
һº͵ʳһһǮԲ𣬳Բ𡣡
ĸŮһۣá
ԵƬ̣Ҹˡɸӡ
Ѿ𣿡ĸʵ
һУţȥջۼ峿˵
ȥء
峿ʲ˸˸û˵ĵضͳһѰڵϣգ۵ĹϳһƬȣյȸ˺ͰȰӵһϾʣһѰѡ
ŲװȥСӡ
һŪΣװֿ˵ˮѸ͸ˣû
Ų˲꣬;һδ¼ȫ峿һ߷û˸Ҵ⡣
һ·صſڣȴûĸ
ţ壬ȥĶ֪𣿡
Ѿ档Ŵ򿪣ĸ峿ƹ߳͵ղмˣҲġ
лл壬Щ𣿡峿²ʵ
Сɣһ¡ƹĴ򿪴ӣİѣֵˡ
ˣ򣬶ԲӻζһӰ˳һӡ
ƥ޻һʮģۺϰȼ۸߰һһʮĽͷĨҲʮĽѣɶԣСɵ
ԡ峿ͷͷĨˣǶʮİѣǴлǾġ峿˵
ǼʱĸЩ϶ĸв
ãáƹĺСǺ
ˣϰɣˡֻҵĲװĲƥ޻峿һһڼϣˡ
ˣˣǸϽ˩ãСĵ㡣ƹҳƣĸŮѾӰˡ

ȫ룬ĸŮ˿ջ峿ԴӦͷĴң˿ջĳĸһذӡ
˿ջƹʣµһΪøɾİײ
ֹ˿ջİ峵Ѷȫ͵ſڡ
ƾǰǮӵĹϵ϶Խæ
峿ײسŵģ壬նлˣҪӦҵҲôȣǸλĴл
ǰٷ򳤵ǸһӲҽӣ塣
ͷŰɣСһƬ⣬Ժ˱š
˵ҲӹһŹģһɶζǰӣ 
ԣޣֻüЩذӡ峿ЦЦվһˣӰɡ
СѾͷ飡Цŵ˸ڰӳóԣ
ųΧһȦˮϵ˲Ѿͷƽ޹ʵĸ񣬴צĺܣֱ˵ɣɶѵĴһ쵽̫ѵģҲ᲻ðôóԵİӻ㣬͵Ƿһˡ




47.  ʮ     ͵ˡ

˵Ż, ѰӲؽȻؼһȵģ÷ָӺŮǳԡ
, ˵ɶɵ¶鷳, ЩǸǳŴСվ, λ͡峿ӻһӡ
棿
棡峿Ц, ¶Ҳھ˵Ҫզ·أ, 첻ˣˣ´μ
ĵͷ·ϵġ
ҡҡͷ⺢ӰˣǸسŵģƨ¶ûһӿھӪܲض

϶, 峿һĻΧ, ǲҪ١
ϾֳھǸλεİӣдĸ֡ң
϶ﳵ, 峿ĸذ׺͹, һһųϵʡ
ܿ죬ٴ·Щؤ
ԭʱ峿ֶΣؤֻҹ·߰, ˭֪һ̧ͷѵø߸ߵĿӺͲԼΪ߲ĳӡ
ؤǿĿˮֱǵӴģ͵峿ǲע⣬͵ɶ
üһͷģʣµؤȫ͵Ÿڳ档
ĸµˡ
峿һؤ·ĬĬһʯӣŴͷؤָȥʯವһؤ䡣
ؤһڵϱȲҽУһĻʱʣؤٸˡ
峿ȴδɿ
ЩؤϧģЩҪġ
Ȼһؤͣ˽ŲһЩԥһѡ棬
ǰͻȻðʮؤΧ
϶ֶ˶ͷһᣬ峿תͷȵסɶЩҴģ
뵽ԼҹŮĴǰ׺ɣ϶һץγѣµŵĸˡ
ؤİΧȦҲСӿ£
Χؤڹһ⼸ؤɹʣµؤ̷ӵΧסӣٲɱӵˡ
峿ԥӳһԾ£ߡ
˵һɨȥ졢׼ݣΪһСﵱ¶ؤˢˢĵڵϡ
峿ЦһһΣҿԳȫǡ
˵գת׷ӣ֣Щؤͬӿٶȣ϶ͣ³ӣս
ؤֻǰӰʮԶವһµ˸ǰ֪ŮĹΪ׵ؤſܣۿǹضҪգҲ¿˭֪շһ룬ϴʹһؤҽС
峿ǸΪ׵һţ˾۵ڵϴ
ؤֻٲˣղֱĸ־Ҫ·
峿ɨһصؤˣǵ³
µͬʱΪ׵ؤĲˡ
ˣ
ɱˣ
峿ûЩؤ̣ﳤȥ
ӰˣиӴؤǾʬǰ̽̽Ϣɫһ䣬ˡ

ʱ̫ɽ峿ͣ³ӣû¶ɣ
û¶ҺļʱĸЦҡҡͷ˸֣ѾˣӻЩ£ĸѾ׻ˣѾȳԷɣһҲûϷӶﲻˡ
ĸóһذӵݸ϶Ӱɡ
һӣʣ¶سŵˡ
ҲԣѾɡ϶ûӣȥݸȡ
峿׼չޣװЩͰѣˮˡ
Ա㣬϶Ҫﳵ峿ûá
ÿ죬۵֮ǰȥ峿ʲõİռ˳ӵĿȨ϶ĸţۣͳѾɽˣŰᶫȥء
ѾҲһǳ˯ˣĸ˼ˡ
ʱ䲻ˣһɨɾĸŹǷ˺ȥ˯ܲˣٿ˭Ѿûķݶ
ȫˣһҹȫѡ

糿峿ĸѣû˯Ҳ𴲡
һų϶ºͱⵣҪȥĸŮҲϽϡ
ȣ磬ѾܿɫˣһƬյأΧûľظɵĺܣýˮˡ
϶˵ͷıⵣҪȥˮ
峿ĸܲܰЩϣˮ
ȻǸɶȴĸҡͷУŻСġ˵ģٲ꣬ؾͰˣ̶ˮ˶ȵġ
峿ֵ̾ûԵҪֵذûˮһˮ˺ׯڵ
أ϶ȥһˮ緹ϡ࣬˰ѡ
Թ峿סĸ϶Լ̫̫
ڳſڹ˰˸˸ɻǺǮǹһٷ峿˵Ȼ٣̫ۣҲûˮҴһٷɺǡ
ˮֱ֣ԣҶʡ
ԡĸ峿ˣѾͷ⻰ܸ˵𣿡
ͷĸҲţ̫̫֮ǰҼұ˰û߳ɣҲ֪ǼѾ֮һˣǻǰűץɽԺȣˡ
ҼѾˣ˸мҼѾԱ˵ˣǴǸ˰˵ǿܿ࣬ҪһЩʳȼðգһ޼ҿɹ飬ǴЩûмҵĺסɽϣǰſ꣬ա
֮ǰЩǮʹţͷٸҲѵİյһƬ⡣ĸĨĨ۾κȱˮһʱ䣬ЩΡ
̫̫ЦϽӣ˵ûԭȾǻŵĶ˵ƺʩðܿ࣬ҲãͷҲһ
ĸЦǸá
ȴҲ¿ԺĹδظҴⲻ˵ͷ취ʯĵõһǣԼʳ·
ԸԸ⣬ĸۣɽߵԶĴæҲ֪¶һ㲻µġ

ĸһϯ峿϶̲סİкãټٵģ˵ȥû˻ɡ
峿ĳĸ
̫̫ˣĸһšס峿䣬Ѿͷ´Ҫ˵ɶǰͨţҪӺʹҿզ̫̫Ķģ
ҴˣӢ´ôõ⣬Ժɽ۵ܺˣ̫ˣ嵰㣬ԲܹĿģɣ϶ҲɿϲѡҵģԣۼҪøãȫˣ峿һʺƨĸͷת򣬵ȻعͷŷѾˣɵúЦֺһڣѾͷɶʱ͵Եǣ𣿡

Ҫʩ޽꣬峿ȥɽѡõط
ɽϣ峿һʮߣڵһȱڴӸպöסȱڡ




48.  ʮ  պ   պ˳Źܵ

ǰûп̫, ȱЩСľϵȱ, ɽӵĴСӦܸļ䷿
ľͷ, ǰ׼ľͷ
ɽϺӶ, 峿ɲҰѸɻ˸ȥ, ɴԼ֣˴ĹɽʣûȫˣִӱĻŵ֦´󡣡
ȫɽɹ
̫ɽʱĸҹ, Ѿ˸ʵɽ·ͷɶɽţʱҴȥá
峿ȥŰɽԶɽ߽۵ʱһĴӰɽ±, ۰
Űȫɽ߸͵߶֪㲻˵, ʱЩ˱͵ˣżɶ, *, ĸɷ˵İ塣
峿ҲǣףǾ, Ӷ𣿡
ǣŪżﻹûʼ
ȱߣŪЩ׳Ͼͳú׳ԡ
ǳ԰÷ѣ峿ˡ
ĸҲЩ⶯Уŵ㣬ͷ㡣
峿ʵҲ뱻ĸһզ졣
ĸźԼֽӡ
ֱӴһһƬŹˣԱߴף˳־͸׸ӣֻװӡ
ɡ峿Ŷ⺰һ
أ
ŵء
ĸųŵһƬӣ˳ͷҪ峿ͷңҸӣ㣬
ѳͷɣ˲ӵͷͷͷͷĥһ¡
˸ֱͷľҲС
ƣôõģԶںˡԡ
ĸ¾Ӧˣɽں峿ȥͷֺףи
˵ͷҲ̫񣬱ȫǴ׺֮ģǿ϶УǿѹͷߣҪظϡ
һ׺ӵļ۸̫ˣǴǮģӻĵҲЩ
ŪЩ֮ģֻҪܴһƬ۸̫߾ܻرӣǲΪһƤͲݸܴۡ
ĸĺֳһƬĺ
ĸ˵ĵţͻȥ̳ŻҺڣ˾Ъţȱ֡
峿ЦЦŪ׺󡣡
ЩڵϵľͷˣֱӾܻղ˹ոˡ
ĸ϶ѾŪһˡ
϶ɽתһȦѾⶴѡĺãͨù
ˣ˵˼ʮĵ˲֪ĸûĵѾҲӣۻˡ
峿ЦЦĸǿķǣһ첻϶ʵﻹű˵ġ
СһĶˣ˰ʱŽ峿ѾŪ󡣡
ЩȲûȥҪɽ϶ȥɽЩӣ峿˳˼ִӶϣһװĻܾͳˡ
װĿԼȥ϶ǲģĸ˵Ҫҹ
ĸۣ㡭ѾǳԷȥ
ûɽŵ˺׵ζ峿̲ס¿ˮӿ˽Ų
ǳٳδ飬˾ȳˣʵҲտûã̵ֱɿڡ
峿ûųԣҪ±ӡӡ
ʮ޻ĸ˰˽
ӸĽڵȻòˣ֮ĸսˡ
ϻһƥɫ޲Ǹѵġ
ЩֲҲҪż
Һվһ˵ˣǲ֪滨ĺۼҺ̵ջãþ͸ˣü߰ĴҡոһѧĻ̫ˣЩСˡ
Թ컹ţ϶ľӣ峿ĸ̰ϴɾĻ́˵ԭõĹˡ
ȣ̫ˡ
̨ɨɾ϶õĻ́һų͡Ϻʳİڷڹһ£ˡ
̨ף峿ԼҵСȥɷͣѸɰһСǷŹûһžͣ£ƿǾһı׻ˡ
ƵĿǣ۰׵оζ̺ĸ̲סˮˡ
ǳɢĸһץһѡ
ⶫ𣬾ǲԣһմˮûˡۣóԣﻯš
峿ʣµװڸɾóȥĺӷֳˣһŶʣˡ
嵰Ѿԣȥѧϰˣշݵд
峿ϳ˶ĹԼ˵ĴЩͷŪɾٻֺ

峿峿׼õļӰϳЩĽ˵ıǮ
ȥû񾭹
ûУ
һ·ֳɽȵĸƵã·Ͽֻ̣쵽سǵСֱ߾ۼؤĳӾؤǴаһ㣬ವһȫˡ
峿Цҡҡͷûٹܡ
ǰ˳ſڡ
֪ǲǴճſھۼ˸ˡ
ĵؽǣֳʵ̫ͻˣһſڣ̱˰Χˡ
һ˫˫ε峿һȵÿ
ȺɢһͨҪߣһӴ㻹Ҫ˸ɻֻҪܳԱӣɶܸɡ
峿ЦЦĿˣһӣǸ˰ѹ˼أԼԲܹܵű˳ԱҴˣߵҪҿûǸ¶ﵽ
С˼һĨңֱӴȺڳǰߣ𣬱ߣ
峿ĻûɶģڵȷҪôˡպ㻹ţԿҵͳͷ˳Źٵһֱߣܿ
棬ģԱ߲֪˭ʵ
ģڲҪȥŶȥҲûãһҪ󡣡峿˵
ЩҪ˵϶ᣬҪҵһˣ
˵㻰׷
㻰峿϶ĵҪȰգЩȻҲڡ
ã㣬˵㻰Ժҹһᱨ㣡ͣ½Ų
У㿴źˡ峿ƳСſڣһӣҪѳҲƽȥ
ŵĻˣ״ӣ۳Ҫ鳵׼õ׻ݹȥԼһСԣλûȥﺢӳ
˽ˣ򿪳ŵµİţŰ㹻ֳͨٴš
峿ųȥ򲼵Ǽҵꡣ




49.  ʮ     м˵ĲҪʣ

ù, ûһƹľʣϲ࣬Ҹ㱨ۡ
, ҡ峿˵
˭
ǰĴͻ
̿ˣƹһЦ˾ջ, С, һ˳, أҪЩɶ
ҾͲȥˣǸġ
ƹĽӹһ׻Ź, ۾ֱˣ⣬ҵģΪΪɶ
·Ҫˣ֣Ҫɽүô뱲, һ·ҰɣֻҪ¶ܳ, ׾ˣ峿Це
ƹץ¶˵ðҲð, ѰҲѰ, ңһҪ롣ѽƹ, ֻһʱʱ䣬Ȼҹ·ȫ
ƹһ뻹ǣҰյʱ䣬ϳ𣿡
ˣ㡣峿ɲİѳӷͷţôĳĳһﲻ֪ж۾͵ء
ųӣû˸͵Ͳס
⳵Ϊɶ
ŵӣɶ
ǿеģǺ⳵Ӱɣ
⳵ңҸӡ

ⶼʲô˰峿һĵϣשѣûɴˣȻӵֻ಻١
ûһƹĳˣҴӦ㣬Щ׾ҵˡ
ǿ϶ģƹģ߰ɣ峿ĺͷĳ򣬡ͷҴߡ
ƹ۾һϣ
峿ЦЦ˽ŵӣûƹĹͷŲӣ۾Ľвգġ
ߵͷҲûƹָ·峿ֻͣ³ӣƹģ٣ƹģˣ۽Ķߣ
ŶҸǰɣƹʵŮС϶໰ѵô࣬һͷˣοൽǮأ
ҾϹٸµĺǰȫҪˣ㵽ĶȥͲһˣܣٸͨġ峿Цŵƣĳһĵؽ綼أҲû˭˭˭Ҹ壬ɼĳͳλǺȹ̵ģô֪Լϴź˸ߡ
ҪͨҲͰˣܾˣܣʱ仹ãʱ䳤˿϶˲쳣һ˸ܣɽҰ򱻹о
ڰɣƹšüиҹܷԣܱӻǿɣ
ǿɲһİڲܣͷҲҪܵġ峿һߴԺǰͣ£ƹ˵ӵİ칫ص㡣
ƹĸ죬ƵԺɡ
춯ӭ˳óˣ
ݵģɺƵãÿһϡɣ
ѽһһ࣬ļף֪ӺùӼֵʮף
ҿȥİɣﶼҲʮףƹˣ¶Ҫǰˣٲ
ģб峿ţһСܹסԸӾͲˡ
峿ӳóһݹȥ
˴򿪲۾ɵԲӣĳһ񣬡Ҳõó֣ˣڴҶףҴдһСƽϣͷɵòҡ
ԡ
ĳסƹߣ߰ɣֶأȸһؼҿȥ
ȳԺӣָܻƹģ鳣Ǻ޲ұǰɣ
ǵڡ
㣬㡪һ˦ӣˣתͷЦţСԵƬ̣ȰѲڳ
Ժš峿ͷ
һյܻϵЦôҲȥ
Ҫ˻򷿣ڵأֻҪɵûء
ˡ
˵Ҫ𣿡˸ƹһ˵һˮ
ҪˣҪ˴йܣڲźõȣƹȡ
УҰһ¡˻ܿѡ˶ʮˡ
ӺԺ˴վһ峿ѡ
峿ȻҪˣȻпûȨ֮뷨ס
Ҳû˵ľɴѧǰԵ̣һأҽܡ
меĿҸоãñǿ׿˲˵˵죬ûҪ
ʣʮˡ
ڶأܸóġ
ҲŵģҪ
ʣʮ
أʮѣھӼҳԹˣ۳Ҫˣ
һ£ʣ²Ҫ
ʣʮ
峿Ķࡣ
Ĺأ˵¸Լͥ״ƵҲҪ˵
ĸ¼ҹˣȷûм˴ˡ
мпڣסţҲҾͶˡ
ʣµʧɢˣʧɢָǱһˣϾⲻҲҪԷΪĳ˵һӵġ
м˵ĲҪʣŸ




50.  ʮ  ʮ   һһһʮ

峿ûм, תͷһԵԲ۾˵壬ŸȫҪˡ
ұ̭ʮһˡ
˻û˵, ұߵ˾վסˣһؾͱ̭Ǹǿ׳ӴڳʵΪɶû, զ㲻Ҫң
峿Ŀ, ȫΨһһŷӦʻ̭˼, һҸоãΪһˡ
ŶҲϲǿ׳, ëҳԲ·
ǿ׳죺㣬㡪
峿ʣʮѡģȻ㣬κθҲһ·ӣɶʰɣܻشһش𡣡ܻشԹ
Ϊɶм˵ľͲУ
Ŷм, һ鲻ôǵȣҪ¼ҹ˾Ͳһ, ûԩ
ѡϵľŸˣɪɪ.jpg
ǵ̭ģҲվһ˵
峿, Ц, ǸҪʮ׸ھӵɵӣ㶼ھɶҵǲ֪ϻܺŴˣ
Ųǣ, Ͳ˼ﻹж𣿡˹Ų̧ܡ
Ǻǣộϲǵүۣ峿ĵ
mmpģŮûˢ
ǣ߸Ͻ˵峿ɨһм˰
ûûû
峿ۣµԼ£ĸϡ
صǰ峿ȻƽǷ̫̫ȣȻƢô
Ǵ̫ѰڣŸȫˡ
ˣϸӣ˱˵ҪŪ
ԣ𣿡
̫ˣˡ̧ͷɫˣ㽻ңˣͷ֪ͨв
ԣպسǡ峿˵ʹ˸ɫʾҸû˵ĵط˵
ˣģҴʯĵզģʯ룬ܳɣס
ǣǿ˵ˣҿ϶ɡֵӶЦˡ
صǰ˱Ǽ˵Ŀ̫ҵˣȥһһûиʮòˣһ˾ȻֻҪʮҪ֪⼸ǰƹģƹ񣬻ǴģΪɶôңֻ˵ǺǵĻ
Ÿ˺ϼƾʮǵĶʮ˵Ķʮһһһʮ
سһﶼϣǮһ
峿ȥתһȦһףϼʮĳףҪһȵףϵȵףһûò
ˣǸĸлѡʵҲòϣҪТģȻΪ˼ƾɶֵܣƾɶзġ
û뵽ϵЦۣſӲ֣ͬＸĽ۾ˡ
ṩ˵ģ뵽ָǵһݣӶЦˡ
峿ͻ˹ǵžŸԼǵļˣƹ
ȵԼˣʮŸ৵һΧס峿һΪҪ췴ҪùͼʮŸˢˢĸſ˳ϡ
峿ȿɶأϽߣ·Զء
С㣬⳵ǸɶҵȴδʵǺĺܡ·Զ˹˵
ղǿǿģСƬľͷƬ⳵ӾԼ˲˵ߵķɿ졣
峿һб̫ȳǣ˳ǰ
еǻᣬҪ۾С
һ⻰ʮŸԾԾԣлԶɽС໽Ҫﳵ
峿һ壬ȷﳵǳ㣿
С۴УҪ峿ܶʤ
峿һָͷܺӻεȦ
ܺӣ˺ԲԼǿ
Ӻӵ峿ȿϽ߰ɡ
ŻҪŵʿмİţ峿ƹ͵һ˸һѡ
˳˳ǣԶȺע⣬峿ʾ·ԶŸ˶ȥԣ˵ĺôƨŽŵӣǰ·˭ҪǸײϣ͸ҿųӻȥ
ֶԾԾԵĶʮ˵ץ·ŮҲѧ
˻ϲ
С㣬δ˵ҪȥҳҲûдӰŲʢʵ
ʯ롣峿˵ˣٶȿ㣬ȻҲ˵ط
ﳵŲʢӦһŵŵķɿ죬ǰǸׯӵС£ûٸũǾŸġ
ٴҲܲסľͷأʮüˡ
ʱŲʢſˡ
峿ͣ·Զ㸺
峿鷳û׺ͺҲòŹڸӸͷջſĺܡ
ʳţ·Զզԡ
ʮһһһʮһѡһǳԸ뱥Ҳ㹻˻ϲˣҪ֪֮ǰ춼ֻаͷ
Թʾ˰Ѹ˵İųϡ
ӺŮϳʮеߣҲˣ߰ɣʱһɽµšŲʢϢû峿ʡ
ˣҺˣҸ߾СŲʢǸɫġ
УţлԶɽﳵ峿Ψһλ¡
ϻʮˣᣬлԶɽһ²Ȼˣû
ڶ¶ˣ峿ͷһЩųء
ûһٶȿվɸţ·Զָ£ֳôţ֪ȥ˶ã峿һ̧ͷͳԶʯˡ
۳ſ쵽ˣƵø𾢶ûһɽ£ͿվŻѵˡ
峿³ӣ
˴ҴܳǴһ峿úõģĸšĶ˵̫ɽǰһɶʱˣ
Ҵˣȿȣۻ㾾ô˳أ峿ġ
ߣĸʱŹ峿һ˫ۣصɨ·Զˡ
ȿȣˣȻȥɡ
ɽϣĸȸ˷ֻȽźӺŮ˳ԣ㲻˵զôࣿ
ʵˡ峿ŸɲݣȻǺȻףһɲݣϻ𣬵žˡ
˶ǮǰǸɶģɶóģҳźüӹǶУߴߴġ
峿ЦЦѡ˵ı׼ԼѶ˵˱飬ĸ۵ĲУôʳǮ
峿Цҡҡͷһżңһҵʣ¶мҵģȻӹˣһסһӣ˶ĿԸţզ
ԣŷûãʰȥ
ۼҵҵģ֪˼ҽɶȻͷզ¶Ѳÿ˶ҪǸˡɣ
ĸš˰峿Ͻ¡
˽һ飬ֽߵǣҪĸ϶ԼѾ嵰Ӻ̫̫ùܣ˿ˡ




51.  ʮһ  δܹ   ǾȻɡ

, 컹δ峿ˡ
ŴûôḻҹԴ峿һϲ硣
κСģĸû, ΪԸǵһڿˣ˭֪žͼſžŸӰ, ֱӿ, û˭ͳűߵȥ
ŸӰŵıͷ, ţС㣬, ǣ
һС㡯֣ͣǿԴϣ峿ˣԸľŸƹ
ͷ£ȿȣϺãſڸɶҲҷӦݣȻǾͿԿ׷ˡ
С, ǵү͸˵ķԸء·Զվ˵
ãǴӽʼȫ, ϱŮҵġԺҲô磬ǵ¶Ŀǰࡣ峿, ·ԶŲʢлԶɽ, ɢˣȥɣٲǵ¶
ϴ, 峿·ԶɽȻɽ³˰˸Ӱӡ
ȿȡ峿Ż߹ȥˣļҲ̷˲ˣָʵ첻ǣ˵ݰɣΪʲôǣ
ָˣװɶ㣬СǴ˰ɣǡ
峿ǵĻ˭ҲʣҼԺõĺܣǱᣬף飬ҪǸɻˣźڣһͲǸɻϣˣȥɣҪǡ
⼸ǲʱ䵽ģʣģƵãһġ
Сûˣ⼸ڼˡһ˲ߣǿʽƱ硣
峿һŲԱߵĴʯ飬ʯ˲ң
ƨˡ
峿ͷ۵ͷǽѾˣɡ
ŵ˾ȱô峿ŻѸǿһȦΣҪǷӣĿǿ꣬ǶŹߣУȸŰɡԺҲĻǾ¶ģӵľҪҲǰŵÿչһٷ̫٣ÿջǷʳԼؼ
ǣɶң£ȷǣ˵ɽһˣܲ
Ҫǣɽͷɵٶ඼©׸һ
ﻹԸ
˵һǧһ򣬻ǲţֲʶ
⻰һ˵·ԶЩƣǿɾǴɽģû˰
뵽ԼСǿֲɫһݣԼǿ͸ʲô峿Ŀ⣬η
ɽϵ˱˸ˣȻΪôĵǷӣ
峿ű֣¶˵·ˣ˰ǣһƣ˵ɽǼˣɽ¿꣬þȼӻ·İǣϽű߹أһĵͿڣ˴ҵǸССˣһļķԸѡǼǷӣҲ˳Ӽһˣ
żֱѽƸղŻԥļˣһŷ
·ԶƹĶֱۣƵá
ȿȣ峿Щ˼ˡ
ǣñš
ڵݿĴˣ 
ȿȣҲûţҲ̫࣬úøɻٲǵġ峿˳ưˣ˭֪ʯͷģǷӵʯͷ
ľͷɹˣˮ٣Ų̫ӣ⻹ҪЩӡ
ػ͵ײǽ涼ʯ飬ľͷ
ʯͷúܣǣؼҾ͸ҵ˵͸ΪǴҵһһ֡
˵ĶԣҼʯͷ٣ֵҲŸǷӡ
ȫҶȻСҲܰŸһ㡣
ȿȣͣ˵ʯͷҪǼ˶ȥʯͷȫгɷΣҪģһʯͷ
ࡪ
ȫʿˮ
ңܻؼ֪ͨҵ𣿡
ңҲȥ
ˣϰɣǼɡ峿˵
ңһշٸ˺Ȼʵ
ҲϽ뵽С֮ǰ˵ĺ˵ҺƵķĿ
һʱһŴһʱǰСʱ⹤ۿ
ȻЩ˲ôΪһԾ˷ܡϲ֪˭ͷعͿ·Զڣˢˢĳűšͷ߶
峿ǣͷʯͷҵԼĽţ

ǿʼɻ峿·Զ˴һ˵ԸҪ
Ҫĸߡ󡢳ͨҪãųɽСžˡ⣬ǰǽϣÿ䷿ٿڣסǴڣ̫ԼĪҾͿˡ
һԼΪʮףŪʮײˡ
֮Сߣȫ˴ʳ©ľ񣬾ҵʱͼֽ峿žתƣ⣬ڸǰҪϣܽ¶¡
⣬ʱӸǺ֮ɽ·ѡɿ޳Уֻյʱ䣬ӱǺãֽǣֻҪԿҵĵ̡
С㣬֪ˡ·Զ׵
ˣˣȻȥԷɡ峿˵Ź͵͵ˡ
ûʧ·ԶָŲʢ๤һʱ㣬һʱлԶɽ
·ԶŲʢлԶɽŷ̴Ӧˡ
صɽϣĸѾˣָлԶɽϱأһʵ˳Ÿͷ󺹵ˮ
ʣҲûţżöɨɽӣ׼ȥǵĵء
峿Ҳ⣬·ԶԻϢ¶ȥֵضûϵһء
ûã峿ԺӣȸԼ嵰ѾԼ϶ĸ˸ң嵰ѾԼѧϰֽ˵ддĴЩһдһһڶдһдһӻʮдһ޹ʮֽ
峿ֽ̺Ⱥţǰͷճλãһдһ=һȡڶдһ=סһ=ӡڿճλϻͼΣử𣿡
ᣬҸҵѧСһͷ
峿Ĺͷ˵ͷӣ֣Ǿֽϣȿȣһ㻭ϣùˡ֮ܳʮݣٴЩż
ûгƣԼʱպˣ֪ܲϡ
Թ峿ȫѵͲһŲʢڵ¼๤
ղŵú𣿡
úȡǴЩ֣һϲõɫóҶ⡣
ͺá
Ҷû̫Ҫܺ೤ʱ䣬峿ﱣ֤ȫȥ
ǣ˭ҪǱңʯҪڴţǿԡ
˷⻹
ԸԴˡ룬룬̫ˣˡ
峿šüǣʱǸ˳̬
·Զаûһɫ
ԼСֱԼҪΪʵʵԹ·Զ㷴ӦˣǰһСģǻԶ㣬Ǵ˿̻кͷһδܺˮˮǵģ˵ˣȥҲһ
˵ͦõģ峿ЦЦģúøҸɣҲǵġ
˵ҵļƻ峿ɨȫȥ·ԶѾɽ¸Ƿӣ׼꣬ʳž⼸ˣļ۸Ѿгˣʱᷢǡ
ĿǰòҲ˵ɶģһжȺ˵պӾܸǺãʱ·Զͳܣǰ˸ȫȥ˼ǼСӻ߹Ůȥ·Զﱨɸѡ
ûɽתƣϤʰﶼУҲܣɽҪǷһпʳõӴǷҰҰʲôҲ
⣬Ҵһ·ɽͨɽ£һ·ͨ꣬һ·ͨɽ뷨ʱ
ֳؼļҷˣûҵܺԼҵĺӣκ˲κɲж𻵡
ʶŪ·Ըңн⣬Ҵгм˭Һɵģﱨһг
⣬·ԶΪܹܣܹһ¶ȥ·Զ·Զҡ
ˣɢ˰ɣøɶɶȥ
峿˵Ķ˵ˣһܹܣоԸûɶ¶
Ǿȥгľͷģ֡

ߺ·Զ˼ص㽲˵Ĺϵһ£˶̾ѹ˲ƴ֣ԭ
ĹǴС˵ÿĿеӢۡ񻰡
˶ܣ۷׷ס
Ҿ֪˼ơ
Ӣڱ߽̣Ҫҵȵ⣬Ҳ
Ǹ𣿡
Ϊƴˣ
Ȼĸû뵽֮꣬ҾȻ£ңҵøοȥ
·Զǳ鴤ĵǹˣ£ʹϵ
⻰˵ģҼūļū۲ļū𣿡
·Զͷûޣش˵ܼܼ




52.  ʮ  ҵǰ   ƻɶ

תʱȥ
峿г, ǣľʵģصӴ, ķֺãĽúõһгŪһߡ
Ҳ峿¶˾, һҪŪ
, ɽ˳Ŀⶼһ, ˵ЩɷϵǣûǮ, һһǮܵÿ죬˸ͷϵģ·ˣǷѵɶɽ˶Էѧг
֪ڻǹŴⷽ濪϶ĸ·ԶƹĴ˶ѧᡣ
Ӷˤ, ѧ
峿Ҳǣ, ǰǸð¶øҰá
հ·Զʾ, ˵ǷӸǺ, ȥա
ɽ£ͳüʮͷ𵱳ҵ, ʮֹ
˶ĸɻʮֵ
ѾǺãڷʯ壬·Զĺܺãڿһȥⷿӿ϶˵ʳˣס˶Ǻ
˷棬ӴǰҲȫ˱ʯ壬һֱͨٵϡ
峿ĵͷ
ʮˣһǷӣһɽµĿյǰҾߣһۣҪļҾѾˣˢͩһš
ʣµģľͷϣ
·ԶףƶʱӾ㲻꣬Ҳġ
Ӧòÿˣ
峿·Զ͵ĵͷԶ
ʱٵϳּ峵϶ʯ壬̷ͬģЩʯ嶼ʮֵĺ
ʯж·ԶĴӹȥ˽ˡ
峿ʣ·Զ֪ʯ幻ˣΪλҪ򣿻ôģ۸˲٣㵱ܹܣôЧҵģ
·ԶĴӽ˹̻ͣ·ԶûãЦЦС㲻Ѿ֪𣿺αضһʣҪ͵ǣС㣬ҪĶ࣬۸񷴶ˡ
峿͸뷨˼ĺȿȣҾǹġЩʯҪ·İɣҪǣߵ·ԶһЩûϵǳߵ·øҾ޵ĻһЩȻ׷
ǿ·Զˣ֪Ŵûɽ··Զܲ
һῼġ·ԶǸʵˣöСӼϡ
֮⣬峿ĵˣŪզˣϢȥ𣿡
ȥˣأĴӶѾõϢˣ峿ʣ˴ˣһ翪žͻѾԸлԶȥѯˡ
峿ҪȥúԼƵģĸ϶ģлԶȥˣҹˡ
ɽϵ·һŪ𣿹𣿡峿ʡ
ʳذ޳ߵ·̸㹻ˣʱҪʳˣɽµ˺һɽϵװҸӶųˡ
ȻʱǱˣֻʯͷ
˵꣬ͼ·Զֹ峿Цɶ˵˵ɡ
ʳȻģΪɶҪᵽɽٰⲻǶһ𣿡
·Զ˵³һʳ⻰ɶˣ֪ˡ
ȻǶһ٣ΪǺѽ峿ĳ·Զӣʳɽǲţǻ۵ðʱ˯ܰסҶΪǺã
·Զһµα飬峿Цˣ˵һҪ۾ɽϵҲϣʮܵסɰǧƤӵ£˼һֱ㣿
Ҫɽ£ʱ˵ˣһܻܲ⣡峿ЦһţҾ͸ǣΪʮ׶򣬻ҵδŶ׼ȷ˵ǰδҵ⡣
ǰšεıܿ峿ߡ
ǣѵǿɺޡֲΪʲôҪΣ
ϣΣ
峿Ȼһ飬Ŀ⸸춼Щɶ˵ĳ⣬ǵڹ֣ף
·ԶƵã৵ĲҰףŵĳ峿
峿ͷҪ磬ۿܾ͵ûȪʶˡ
ϱ⣬ҸӶ˺ǲ⣬㲻𣿡
ˣΪѾˣţ
ϱ鲻αҸ纮ÿ¡
  
ҵǰһգ峿˸ڴĸ϶ȥˡ
ûԶϴβʳɽ⼸˶࣬ɽﴢʳĴټտҵҲҪʳġ
ɽպôɽϵλãǰƽ̹Ҷأϧ̫ɣȻʯ̬԰ũַǳġ
ĸ϶ǰǳ׷ſˣǰĵȫ˺ȥԶЩĿյ
ֳսӣĸ϶Ǳ߻ء
鷳ôѾʡһˡ
ҲǲֵͷֻӴ͵öķˡ
˽ʡ㣬ĸ϶ѾӣҲۡ
ֱڵֱֺľԸٰѵĺˣĺܡ
һʱĸ϶ڸ˰Ķء
Ȼĸ峿Ҳֻۣȫڵϣ˼ˡ
֮ǰɶˣżˣˣüУľƬģ͵ȡģʮַ㡣
̫Ⱦͻȥ˯ûôٳ
дգɽڶʳһˡ
峿ڵˣ̱ˣصɽϺҳԵ㶫͸ϽϢ

ҵ죬˶Ҫȥɽ¿
κڲȫ峿ģ嵰ѾȿһϣҲûͬ⡣
˷ֳĲһɽָ·ԶЩӺͲֻĳŮԣһʮ˸ˣӦɽ䷿ӡ
ڶģҹŻ˹ȻͨɽҲ˹峿ɽϵ˸ɵġ
ĸ̫̫ΪףפɽϣʱԮҪǿغӣ嵰龫ģżãӴĺܣղͬʱ˶࣬Ҫˣһˡ
κЩֻź棬ȥ˵Ļ嵰Ϊף֪ĵļƻɶء
Ϊ峿ҹɽϣڴ뷭ȥűѪɡ
ƻɶӳָɽ
Ĳֻһˣάֳ
ϴأ·Զܻͷĺ˲ϲСС㣬ϣү
ֱ˵峿ûĵ⺢ӳӺõĺܣʣµķ涼ĺܣ˵ϲ£Ǹʵˣܹϲ峿Ҳ⣬¶·Զˡ
ɽ˺öˣѾڴǰ϶ˣأɶʱҵϴһ˵ӹյͷһĨվã峿Ը




53.  ʮ  ƴ   ѻԽ

һ֮󡣡峿ĺĸİ, Ż˾䣬ôȥ˵Ժ͵
ϡϴЦˡ
˳극, 峿϶ͷ϶Űĳ, ɽһСƳ, ½½ɽ
峿Լߵʮ˸, ϷԿףкһҲɽ
ĸǵıӰ, šԿӸ̫̫ţֶлԶϱúӣ峿Ҳɽ
ûһᣬĸ͸϶飬ڵ峿ǰﲻ㣬һҿ԰Ƴơ
峿ЦЦ, ΣյģøΣҪСҲһ, һᱣǵġ
һȺ˼ϼĿŮˣʮĺô˵, ôôΥ, ȴûһģȫ֣µĵͷʾһΡ
쵽ɽ, ͸Եķ϶ǰΧ˺ܶˡ
˸ǰ񿴵ȫкţһ࣬ߴߴģ峿һҲû˵ɶ
ʾҲܣֱӷԿ׿ţȽȥ
ҲȽȥϴңռλá峿ĸƽȥš
ڸǰ©εľͷ׸װ˽Ҫʳ
䷿ӣʮ˸ڣмڷֱ׺ӣӦɵġ
׺ӵķֱǸʣµʮĸȫǺ֣Ժ࣬ռʮڣΪΨһһֱԣζʳ
׸ڡ
ЩʱģʱԸ
˳ƣÿ˻䱸һѵȿȣϾ˹ƵĴģͷСԶڣҪǶһ׵ģкġ
ǼˣҲû˻ɡӻʳĿɿˡ
峿ڴǰҵΧסϴ࣬ʣϴһӵĺѶʪ͸ˡ
峿һ裬һ鳣¡
Ⱥ㰲
ϴĨѺϽ峿档
峿ЦЦҺãҽѾһҶ
ȿȣѻԽ˵Խˡ
⻰סˣڱ߽֪ϰܿˣ˼Ļ̣һң˼ҳ˴Ҳûı¶Щ긮ﾭӪЩǮƣڽЩʳ˹ȼøԼ·ա
أҲûı¶Ƚϴ󡪡峿裬ɣһš
۳ﰵ˵۾ֱˣ峿ЦЦ£һϲˣ˲
˶ʱ
ǰɶ뷨ģ˴˿ֻһͷǧС
һʮ˸ڣмΪԼ󡭡峿ʮ˸ڽһ飬ȻĸŶӣأϲģȻԴۣԴһۣܾͿƲסˡ
̧ͷƵ죺󱳷ѵҪˣ
һѾߵˣ˵һ飬ֻͭӡӣһһһ²ҪǲҪ˵ˣҪȼðΪλҪǮ
ߴҵǣǸԶˣɺҪò֪жٰ֪ͬǮܾȼöˣ
õİ취Ǵһ峿һ࣬ɨȫսȭͷޣǴҵ޵ģֻҪһŬһܹѹأ
˵ΪɶֻҪЩչЩΪ˱߽սʿǡǼݼȥ߽Ҳ˴󺵣߽ĵ˻񡢴Ҫ£ռǵĽϣʷģضǰ׻Ĵף߽ĵҲԡ
Ϊ˴Щˣ龫ǣأκα̫ڰǰĻţһµıܹΪЧɱˣأֱиķԣԸ£үչ
һأҶеĳˣһأЩһ֧ԮǵýʿΧ߽ĻȥȥǮػչʳӼðǡŴһŬѹأ
ã
һŬѹأ
һŬѹأ
һŬѹأ

źʮ飬˲δķȭͷ
˶һ˼Ѫģ˿֮ǰήҲ
·ԶˣҲѪڣԾԾҪһ
ΨĸԣˣˣѻԽ˵ԽԽ˵Խ˳ҪǱ֪ˣһҪͷİɣ

峿̧֣ʾ˰ˣҶ֪ˣڣ
ҵ
ţ峿´ŵĺ첼мҶϼ֡µһ꣡
տҵʳһĶһ
仰̻˵Ļ֮ǰĺƣȿȣＸҪΪˡ
ȻҲ˺ڲѣ¶ģʹһѲ˵֪ڻȥñĻü𣿡
ҵģŶӣϽܿؼۼҵĳͷȥ
һͷ߽һʮһӳԴˣУҵܿͷ
ѽұõǳͷǰܼǣıƭǲá
Ҳ㰡ʳģĶֵõռˡ

ռ˵ԣûһᣬͼ˴ҴȥŶһߣϽȥüһȥ
峿ʧЦҪżһ춼ʳܹ
⣬ǳͷ˵ľͷжˣϻ˵ʼһ
ǰ˼˲ɢûˡ
׺Щ۹ԲģȻѡ˺࿸ġ
ǾͿ߶ϳмĸڿյġ
峿Ҳæˣ۾ɨˣĿɨԹģҪӵģߴߴģҲȫʵ
ܿ죬ԼҵĲ˵ͷȵȹ
峿һľͷͷֿˣŪ˼ʮģһ£ûˡ
鰲Ŷӡ
쵽ģҪôػϽߣҪôֳԡ
峿ܡ
˶һġ
ͱؤ
޳˵˵ˣ·ڱβ壬¶ء
ڽ˼ҳԣֱˮ
ȥɲУܲﶢؤǣ
峿ɨɽµĻĵأ￿ٵƤ˰ǹˣһûУҾˡ
ţɽˣһ׿ڳӣź
峿йϴ󣬡ȥһž棬һ
ʱ˵һͷûϣϸһִҵĳͷһСĲ࣬ɴະһͷģһ¡
ʮ˴˹
ҪǵĳͷãͱֱȫˣһٸϼӸΣ
ԡ
峿Ҳռǵıˣ˸ģأ˵õģ߽һǶʮһ˲ݸƤɶģ԰ġ




54.  ʮ  Ӽ   ⲻǹ⡭

˾µĺ, ʾϴƺԱճͷ
ûһжʮˣϽͣ
, ϴȥˣ峿ſȺؤǰ
Ⱥؤ, èƵըë, ֵɢ롣
, ô
峿ɨЩˣ, Ըһ
峿һĻӻӣ˲Ƶãˡ
һˣ㣬, 㡣峿־˸˳
ʮ, ʮ߸
ӴǸʶ, 峿Щȡ
˽űߵĿ, жʮͷһһ
ؤǹɵĺܣ峿˼, ǲ֮ǰؤˣҪǶģͷ棬
·йϴ󣬡￴ţ㴦˵ģβԵģ͸ϽȥҴɽӾ֪Ƕˡ
ʮ߸ؤƵɽ棬ҲһȦľӾ濪ʼÿһӣͷ
峿ȸ˸ʾڳɶĲϸδЩ˸ɻ˸ԱֻҪǺúøɣͷٲǵĺôǹأֻҪɵȫϸʮӸһףԸѡ
㣬˵ģ
ģȻӵøʾһ˭ҪǺŪ͹ҲȱɻˣŲڵſкһеɻģҰѻˣҪϧҪɵˣͷл˻ǡ
ʯͷ㻹Ҫֵܼ˵Ҫʯ壬Ū˺ЩֲҪˡ
˭˵Ҫģ峿ƵȱĻأٵʮŪʯ壬ǲҪʯͷ⣬ҵʯֵʯͷҲҪһӸһ
ô󣿡
ʯɲҵġ峿ЦЦҵٶȫաˣ˭˵ǲʯģ
͸ǸɻЩ˵ģ˵ǸǳڶֻҪŪãҪ˵ġؤֱ˵
ǵġ峿ԭɽϵĹ͸̺ã˭֪ʯ˺ȻˣʣˣϲȻˣզ¶˻ػ˵ʯͷ޹ˣڲˣʱ仹ˣҪǼˡ
峿˵еϡΪʹ·Զһ
˺ˣ˼ʯͷҵģ¢⣬Ҫôۣ
峿ЦˣʵΪУԸ߼ۣҲҲʹЩСֶΣС˼б¶ˣдǸɴ¶ϡ
ûǸ¶ƫƫҪȥ¶ǽ޴̰Ĳ㣡
˸޷֤ʯϵĹƫҪ޴̰Ĳ㡣
ˣ峿һʱСϣ´Σӽ쿪ʼԲˡ

ȿȣɶҪڿǹӼǣһƵ峿˼
ɶСʵĺܣڵĺܡҪӼǣֱӸ˰ɣǲ˵ȥˡһ˵
ϻȻȻڿӸɶӼֱӸҲǰװǴ󰡣ֵҽӼǣ峿ûĵٶȵ㣬˲ӣ
ǣ˵ûԷûֲûˣǳ֮ǰɫá˵ű
˶ҪһɶҲ벻Ͷ񣬻˯Ŀ죡峿ߵЩ˸ǰںõģϸ÷ëڵĿ˳۵Ҳ 
ŭ˶ӿ죬ٲҷˡ
̫ȵʱ򣬼ÿ˶ڳʮӡ
峿ԭϢɽִһ
һ
㹻һˣ峿δЩ͵ͷûǰͷĴ
Ҳ̫С˰ɣһھܳһȻ˲ġ
ŶҪһҲаٲû򡣡峿Ц
һĻϰ磬ߴǰϡ
ˣǻذɣ̫ɽһˣɵĻк
ؤǣ峿ǰͷ˱ٶˡ
ϴάϽԷȥ˳ЩǸ·ԶĸЩ˵ļӲ͡
һˣǳƳƣǳе˻ĲУһֶֿʡ
ؼ٣ҲûС
׺ӵҲû˶һ𣿡峿мտյĴڣѾĸ·Զϱˡ
ҲǡĸѾҪ׺ӣ࣬ǲģ˵ˣƣǸ
һг˸ԺСͷ˹
֣СسԱ⣬ʳˣЩʳȥ




55.  ʮ     Ϊ¡

峿ͷ, ȷ
˸ٵ£峿ŵӦѾ˰, Ϊ¶, , ƽȼΪ, 
⣬СҲسǵ, Ҳ񰡣СͷŲӣүרŽˣǲϸм㣬ͷʳӼð˵Բԣ
峿ԥͷ𣿡
϶аͷ͵һĴ, ˵ĺӶС, û⻹û鰡Щ, Ǻǰ, Ҫô˼ǮϸϸϷʱ۸ɲͰ, Զ˹Ҫˣͷզ
峿ֱ飬˭֪ǷǱ⣿
ϸȥҲǸ¶ԭʵڲоòͷǣˣȻģǾ˰ɡ
ȻҲô׵ĴӦҲ̫ࡣ
һϸһҲȥֻʱж̣س˻ȷʵԣ֪Ժ󣬿ͻȻͶˡ
򣬴ž߲ãЩ˵ȷҲͨգΪҲ߼ˣֻܰĶһҲһһɱĿǰм۵Ͷ˲˵˭֪ԼҳԻóȥֳʳɲ뱻ȥڻ档
Ͼس궼ûʣ¶ˣҲ˵ǮҲûطġ
˾Ҫˣʳô࣬ΪɶɻƳȥ
˵ģ˹Ҷ飬ûĸ˽˵ʱҴϷʳġ
Ͼ·ûйٱƻȵضͱˣʱ򲻾ҲһֱעأҪܣʳ²˹ٵ͵ñָɾˡ
峿ʱ룬ʳҪйٱ͵Ϣʮа˾žųϢȻĻͨڴĶ֪Ϣȥ
ĶߣĶҪȫ̱ܵģȻ·ܱ˵ĸˡ
Ȼһ൱κã·ߺӻ·һغˣн·ߣ࣬·ײĶˡ
ǰŴ壬ŵ꣬ʱƾ¶߾֪Ҳˣ˶ܹզ죿
ԣعųϢڳ⣬֮ɹٱӹܣٸ㷢Ӧ£ʣµٻһ롣
˵һ
Ȱ񣬲úҲûɻң֮¶ֱסʳͷһ֣ʣµĻܷسڣһͷ֪͢ˣܲٷƣ
صһˣһ˾
ңﲻ֪ж⣬մմϲû·ĺ¶ɣҲã֪ĴϢ
֮ͨ峿ʵҲͦģʵõĽˣҲûиõİ취ˡ
С¹أɶʱܸظ
СͷĻ峿
ڨڨЦЦһСԶˣɶھͿԸ𸴣ģϸ£ϸҲĹһղܳʮ㶮ɣǣһͷҪϸò鷳ˣ
˵ģҴţﻹõóǮϸĲһƣϸģһңСͷָԸӣĳ峿С϶ţǼңû˻ϸˣԲ𣡡
Ǻǣţ˰ɣ
ǡ
峿ҡҡͷƳƵƣⲻ˵ģ˼ҶµģҵСΥǸϸһʮҪ𣿡
СͷųǰĽʳһ棬ҪĻҪǸˣǿ£ǽò͵ںϹϵһиɶ¶Ҳи˵ĵضˡҪǼˣ׳ţˡ
Сͷԥһ˲̴Ӧˡ
Ӧզ죬Ҫͨˣвһˣȥв
СͷǮ峿ֵо仰˵ĶԣҲ۴ĳҲҪˣȻֻܸǶʮϸǼ۸ϣͬһͬȶԴϸһһ
СͷﶸȻһɾ֮飬Ϊϰտǣ᲻ϰճԿ࣬ʮ겻ر߽һ㾡ҲֻΪջ
ˡ
Сͷżű˼ͷӵ
峿ջߣֻûбƵ¶ˣĺ¶ΪɶҿȫһлǸɶ֪
Ϊһ𣿡




56.  ʮ  һֻĸ   Ƥ

ͼ, ϸܹ֣׺ӡ
ǵĴȫǽף, Ӧ˵ȫһǰףСͷ, ˭֪׺óԣ
ǶûԹ, û뵽ʱ, °ǰмۣҲ׬ˣ
˴׺ӸҪ˶ʮ˶Ϊ, СͷҪ˶ʮסʮԼʮĺ
ҳϸЩ˿ûôڸ
ϼʮ
Сͷóʮӣ峿ҲͿӣûȥ
˭֪Сͷ˰ʳ̧֮󣬻ߣվǰ֣ʱֹĿ峿
æأʵڲ˯
ûͷ˵, װû̧žߡ
Ѿ·Զ˵, Ըкţȵ, ҪȻɽһ, ǽ˶ˡ
ҪɽûѹУھȥгˡ
û߶ͷһֻݸɱֳ½ء
Сͷһ, ڨڨЦɿ֣ɶССͷһ¶ʣ֪вУ
С
Сͷ߰ģ˵һֳӣ˿ߵģر𷽱㣬۰ɣү
峿ͷЦĿСͷԭΪģǳҵĳģҵĳӿҪȫĳ֪Ǯǳ𣿻Уҿɵ𣿾ôϲŪˣ
ؤ֪ĶҪĻһƫƫе̰Ĳ㣬˵ɵӺŪأ
Сͷɫ˲ˡ
¶ȷʵԣȷЩ˼ҲãŻᱻ˿УǴˣһԭȾӣŴֲʶ˵ʶⶫļֵһĻ˵Ǿռˡ
˿ⶫĺôһ˵̾⳵ӵľ޴̻õ⳵ӣΪҲָտɴ¶ˣ
û뵽ĻҪĶࡣ
˶٣Сͷϴ֣ʮֵĳϿңԲ¶ðʧˣǲǹΪҪŪŪʵżȻ˵ĳӣ̫̫ʮֺ棬ǼүһТ˳̾˴ŪϷһЦͻ˹£Сһʶ
ƨ峿һֶţТƭ󶼲ţ
ҿ϶һҾǿֳ̻һԣɹ˵ȻãɹأҲֳɵģӲ˵˳ˢһТ˳һ˫񣬶õ¶
峿ɲǣˣˣ©ٳ̰ĲˣŸǣֳǵģⶫĶɲʲô˶ϵģûѣٸ˽ʹЩСֶΣ첻ǵĶʱ˼ҹɱûǣ
ߣ˺͵þ
Сͷŵֱͨһ£ͷģҴˣҴˣҲˣǰԼ䣬Ҿû֮ģûУ
Ǻǣ
ɣʱ㣬ٸҴֳ⣬˭ҲȲ㣡
峿ҲǷǵŸֳȫ˸˿Ҳǰ״ɲţĳұ꣬ϵСûôﳵ
ˣΪԭ򣬳ҲǳĹ󣬵ʱ򶥶ڹϲС
䱻ϲ˿ˣʱܲҵ˺ֳƽ񻰣һͥǮ
ܱţ˰ɣһʳɶķ˲ǣȥԶطҲûǮˡ
ˣˣҲˡСͷµ峿ȥˣ˼ʱӲͦ
ҵСͷ峿ɽյϣղͬķ࣬ѳ˼Сɽ
峿Цˣôʮֳˣ
³ֵĺǣӦҪǱֵĺãһ˸Ųݮȥ˰ɽʳֿ⡣
϶ڳԷƵúףһ뷬ѵ
ȵȣ
Ķļ峿Ƶ
֪سëûУ
Сл۾⣬׽һֻҰʮż̸϶Цָ峿Ťͷһֻɱļĵ
峿۾һǹĸ
˵꣬һ죬ĸ
ȿȣмӵģĸûС
ŵĵܷС𣿡峿ʣǵúֻܾļܷС
ǲȱιʳһȺļ춼ܳԼԼȣ
¶ȣ֭ռԼ飬л




57.  ʮ  ȱ   һ˻

峿ĨĨ, ûпˮȻɾͶˡ
϶Цҡҡͷ, ģͷ취, ϶ϼ, ϼ⡣
лл峿Цŵ, ˵ɽﻹжʳܳһ𣿡
ΪġԭֻһЩʳ, ҲѼõĹȫˡ
˹ˣ϶СԭȲͰʮȥȥһ룬һС룬ҹʣ°ûôˣܶˡ
Ѿȥ۲Կ𣿡
϶Կ峿鿴ʣ, ͷٸͣˡ
һܴʮʵ, ȥҲ
ɽ, 峿ǰѲһȦ, Ŵ͵ŵؤǼڿӣϧôȣҲС, ɹˡ
ųԱˣؤǱϻҪɾʮ㣬˶ϵ峿ɲǷǶһ㲻٣˴ˣ춼ˣɽӦɢˡ
˭֪صɽһ򣬶ûء
ѾСʱǰһˣ¶ɶ¶Ҳ˵ȥɡ̫̫žߺһû
峿ǲɽʳˣ
ȥ˰ɽһ򣬻ǣټָһĹûˡ
ûˣָǺЩͳԵûˣסӻء
˵ҡ
϶ɽŬŬ죬¶㣬Ȼûˣɱɵģȥɽ˵һά򣬱¶鷳ˡ
ˣ֪˵Ҳɵ峿ЦЦɽ
˵Ѿˣһȣ峿·ŷѵ͡
ɽ°ѾԾص˻ѣ˵ȷ˺ܶ࣬Ҳкüʮŵˡ
Сԥԥģ˼ҶһĶֻ࣬ؼ˶һĸƼݣŻϲ͸м
󲿷ѱȴǵĺã޲ģسİա
𸽽񣬰պٿسǵİգӦǹˣûɶ¶Ÿҳ
ŶӵһˣϰٺŵɢڸЩǸҸˡ
˵һ·٣ЩʳǰǵľҵȻҪСġ
峿·Զ˽˲̫峿ڣû˸ľͷˡ
·ԶƹˣܱС¶סֱѾӣԸɡ
峿ЩسǳģҲȫһ𣿡
·ԶЦ϶ѽسھһھˮһŵһˮҲֳԲ˰Ⱥܿųųԣ۰ûͷأϵָɣɣȲϺ
·ԶЦŵȻ֪ɶ۸񣬵֪ͨһʮıȥô࣬·Զ峿˻Ҫˡ
峿ͷ·ԶߵмĴǰ裬۵һ¾˿ߴһҵϢԼĪһٽˣҪһľ죬ںҲżﻹаȰԼʳԶһζһһʳܵˡ
Ϊɶô٣
˰ӣ͵
Ҫ˵ʺ˭ԸԶܹûˣⲻˣ𣿡
Ȼûôȥǵģûأ̫ûˣ
Щźسǹİ˵ģûɶ˵
·ԶСЩԼسģʱüȶһҸһٲʵȥ˺档
Ҳ˵ǰơ
峿ˣܸṩͼʳˣģӳء
෴ǣЩĴ񣬴͵أ˿һĶˣ˼˵ɶû
˼ҲûԹ峿ƽء
ŶӾ͹˭ûš
ǣ˼ǽֻܴ̣ԸӼôңöĸжôӣǰǣ
ȫ³ĸһԸ㾡Ҳưۣ۰ɺӣ
ԺզŶӣ
ԺҲǲУȻһװҲУҲС
㡪
۳سı̣峿Цˡ
ҲһˣҾо仰û˵Ըϰ˼ǲܲҪƤ֪ô·Զվ˵
⻰λεǰ˵ЩˣҪƤ֪ôأ
Ҳ·ԶŭˣЩ˵ˣûвġ
ʱʵ£һ˻һ𣿡
һ£ˢˢĿ
·Զôľ峿




58.  ʮ  С   С㣬ӡ

峿Ƭ̵صؽȡһ, Ҫ࣬һһصؽ, ϣʮº, ʮ, Ů, ԵõһţǱֳԵߡ
ΪɶֻкӺˣأ˲
ΪӺȺ, 岻Ǻã˵ѰҲҪǡ峿Ľ͵ǣ彡ȫ˸뱥ҪͶ
С´ζһĻ, һҲĻ𣿡
ǣһ, Ҳ˵ʳ
Ϊɶ, Ҫٰ
Ϊǽˮ¥̨ȵ, һѾռ˱ˣ˵ûһ, δζʳٶҲģЩҪŪȥѵĿʳǵĿڴȴǺǵֵܽáŮĸŶӣ𣿡
ʱİջģֵʱԸԼġ
ȻҲٲ˽ˣòһҲ峿ǰʳǮʱ򵽣˭֪ô֮ɶʱµʳ
Ȼ룬峿ŲŭƵҲû˸Ҹ
ͺã۶ǴĳĳǸͥǶֵܽãѾ͸һ𵣣һٴҲ£ֻҪЭһԹѹأ˵ǲǣ
ǣ˵ĺã·Զ֪ʲôʱȺŸ첲
峿ЦЦһᾡܵĽҵʡ
У֪ɶһųеСèһȺȥҲ˺һĹ򣬲ŵǰ棬һ峿ĻϽһˣ֪ղЩϻǶ֡
ѣһֿԵĹӣɫԲġԲĶУһôɿڣ֭

峿ȥСĨĨǣ׾ͨһƬզû˵֮ӣ˵ôóԣ
УϧԲˡȻͷߣǸӱͷɲ볬ʮ꣬ŻȺΧڡ
겻İڰ֣ҲռˣԸǮ򡣡
ֹӺѱ棬˵٣峿ɨ˫ֵ۾
Ҳ֪˭Һӣ⻰̴̵ܴ˵𣿡
Ҳ±˵ǣ
ʱţһ̴ĻԺģͷ󺹵ļ˽Сүŵ㣬Ҫǰˣͷ̫̫ǵðǵƤɣ
֪ˣԼ㡣Ҵһһ䣬ס峿֣㣬ý㣬ҿŷѳɣҶʮûȹˮˣͶɵƤˣĵܵҸ𣿡
ʵĵġ
Ƕ峺˫峿ʹС˵˾䣬أңһҾ͹ȥ
˵꣬峿̾ŷѣСֿģԾ͸ɡ
Сбŷϲã׾ĵͷ㣬ģ
ˣм䵲ԺѵĹְԺû֪Ѿ˵ˡ
ˣʱ䲻ˣҪɶϽ򣬵ʱš峿ӻ֣ʾ
ʱԼĪʮһӣǰҹŸտʼˡ
ȻҲһʱˡ
ţ峿Ű֪ʮ˶Թȹˮˣ֮ʱһΣҶܵõϢ
·ԶúãԷǳǿ峿ȥ˵֪ȥȥƣҴӣҪܶ࣬¶Ը
Ȼ˵յ꣬Ҫˣʱ䣬һģʣµĶûȥ˯ˣҴһӷѣ㵱ҹˡ
ںúøɻģЩ
ڷѹӣǸûԹԺԣ·ԶԹˣÿοͮͮĹӣ̲סˮֱ֣ллС㣡
ûɶ¶ˣ峿תȦ֪ʲôʱԶˡ
ɽѲһȦŪӳȥ˰˸С֮峿˾ŻѵСԺ
˭Ժǳȣ峿Щ졣
Ҫ֪ľϵܣּ·ᷢԣα˵ģ
峿ҲûţֱӾ˳
㣬ˡʲôǾ˵ʲôС˷ܵĵ۾ŵϣǷ𣿡
С㣬ζûгζǲľζ£ɽҲʮֵԡһԺ˵
峿üʶһ£Ų
С꼱ϴС㣬˰߱˸Ų۱߱ȣǳĹӣۿɱȲˡС㣬ǸҵĹ𣿡




59.  ʮ  θ   㹤

峿ӵݹȥ, ˳ֺһѣҪķѹӣһ
ʵҲ, ϾʱҪԹӣǮҲ򲻵, οˮĹ, ˵ܽ, Ǳʳʳ
ҲûжӰ˿ŹӲ£ҧһ, ¹£۾˲ˣôΣ
һ䣬֨֨ѹȭͷûһ꣬ĨĨͣʾⰢ߸Ǯ
һĽʮ
, Ƿѹ𣿽ﻹбĹ𣿡ӽһţΧ峿ֱתȦ, ۾峿ҪǱβ, һС̹ˡ
峿̲סЦ, Դûˣһַ, һӶˡгǻǷۣغζã֮⣬гɿ״һˣθ·׷Ǿ䣬ܷˮǰɷѵػǰˣҲܺúȡ
ȿȣ׬˶ʮ̫˼ɴ฽ˡ
лл㣬áСЦ
峿ЦСʣ㣬˵𣿡
ûС⵹ʵ䲻֪Сʲô峿ʶĲ°ѱʵĴųĶ֪һãżȻ֮¾պҪˣǱһˡ
⻰ҲûΨһԵľǣ˼ҿû˵ҪһңⲻҪˣ˭Ϊƴ֤ɣ
֮˵ô࣬ҲΪСŻȱӣɫǺõĲУ㲻ҵĹӣҲԲǰܱȵġ
ţ峿̽ʵСܵܣļҵİó𣿶𣿡
֪𣿡
㲻𣿡峿ûķۣҪȻĥɶ
Сӣָ˽µӣ㣬ճ̣̼ҴׯӾҼҵģɫˣ˺öǵ˵һʱȥ̼Ҵ壬ʱҸöǮ
УϽذɣ·ϵġ峿ӻ֡
ճ̰

ڶ峿峿ԹҴӱ˱ˡ
峿ֹ̧
·Զ߹С㣬ɽֿĿǰɽʣһٽʮʮʮͰȫꡭǼЪˣ˳㿴ʳ
峿ͷԼŰɣһʳպ󵽣أʣµ˳ɽȦ⣬ʣʱš˱ҡ
ϴҺʵ¶һһ۵ģ˵꣬˱ܿˡ
Ȼæ峿Ҳû֣Ͽ˱û⣬ǿΣɴ˱ӡīֽ⣬һյʱ䡣
ͷ·ԶûߣϽ߹ȥע㣬ҹŽܻ
ΪЩҪô˵
ʵ˵˵ֳģ֮Ҫ͵ǰȥôǵɽһˣԿ
᲻᲻̫ã·ԶЩԥ
ɶõģ峿ƵɽҲûɶ˵ģֳĹؼҴţ򿪸Ҳο۵Ŀɽ£
·ԶĵĵȷֳĹؼϾ峿ͼʵ̫ˣһֳܻܿڴıؿʱǽɾһΰҵ
峿˵ƾܼΪĴܼңһţʱ˵Ҳлհķɡͼ˯š
·Զϴӹ
ӷٰȥ峿˵һһʱͦεģҲ֪·Զôģôôһĺӵġ
֣嵰
Ժ׼˱һ÷֣õּˣһ˱רŸҲãõȻҽд⣬˵ķʽ½һ֣ԭķˣ߰ģίʵġӰ峿ϴţ嵰վţ̫Ȼ򲻼ӡ
á
峿ͷͺá
պīֽϰ˳дˡҼд˰֡123
һ飬ͷԸȥ
ȻλλдʾǶȻǻͷԸѧ
Ӽ˳ˣȰѰֺλȫ˵ɡ
ֽ˱дĿ˱׵һݣȻһ顣
ȻϴϡͿ϶û׵ġ
׼θ嵰򣬡ס𣿡
㣬ҼסˣȫˣҪҸ㵱˷ɣÿ¸ʮͭ͹ˡ嵰ϵĵ
͡
峿СǼ⣬һϴ󣬡Ƽû㹤˶úܡ




60.  ʮ   һҪ   ˮԴ

嵰θ, 峿ܷĵˡ
·Ȼ𻹲һֻء
סСޣҹ, һֻɽ, ·Զǽ, ͷ˭һм, ͹
û¶˰ɣ峿֣ŽǶѳͷС
Ц, ɶأĸһϣߣҿ۵ĵȥ磬Űġ
˵ţŤͷΧţԶأŪŪ, ˾УȻ۲Ͱ׷Ѿ𣿡
а, ۸Ͻȥ峿ε
ĸǲģ˸, ȸ˰¶, СڣһҲ߲ѣ峿ȥ档
·ŮԹ, ѾЩˣɻǶˣҲˣٳٲģͷˮ̶۳ҪˣŲ˼ˣʱզ죿ѰҪҺȥתתƣң
峿شĸĻһգͷô¶Ҽǵǰ˭ˣÿžĺܡ
ǰеһ
峿Լġ
ܣͷƤͷȫŪˣȻһͷʽͣ´ŲñҲĲñ˱˳Ц
ǵȼҲɡĸЩίͷ϶ģĸأԭȶǺνڶôˣ˼ġ
С峿ЦŵҾ͸ꡣ
˵Żرϡ
Сǿȷ˰ģġ
ɽ˶࣬Լˮѣٲҽˡ
峿ַŵϣһյص׵һֽתľϵ͸С磬һСֱ㶵Ų˵һСڡ
ȹ峿֣Ȼȥˡ
Ƭյأ峿ߣҵ·Զˮ̶ˮ֪ɣҽһ춼ɽϣЩȥˮ
ȵ죬Ȼĸ϶ΪˣǸģԸֵô
ʵôǷҵˮԴʵҲͳϣ֮ǰϺϵӣȷѺͻƹϸʣǳԲˡ
źЩ峿ܰĵгˡ
гͼֽߣ˸ʮ׵ֱΣžЩ
Ѿǳ͵ԶǿȻԣĿǰõõˡ
վ֡
ϴεľ飬ٶȿˣϾҵоˡ
г̣һʱ׳
ŤŤ۵ĲӣԱ߲֪ɶʱΧһȦˣŵЩûµȥ
ǣʲô
㣬ȫһģһСĴ۾̾
峿СԴͷë׵ģˣҲԡ
𣿡
ģˣȥɣСҪ档
Ӵˣʣ¼ЩĺӲ˼Ļ༷۾õģ峿ǲͷָ˶кӣ˵
кͻȻŵվֱ壬СС㣬ңѧ
峿ͷѧ
²УţƤûϾҲûô
һûȵ峿ĻָüͷΪԸ⣬кŮǾִٲĻ࿴֪ôźãиСŮˡ
峿عĵżܵãҾһ£զˣ֪Ϊ۸أ
ûûСǻæ͡
ˣᣬҲǹǴ̽ܣҲܡ峿˵ѧгǰɣԣкŮֻҪѧöԸѧֺҲԡȿȣǣҵһ䣬ǵ̫СˣѧˣҲδĳȥְѧ
ڵļг㲿ⲻ
˵ţ峿һݹȥԣ
һкŵӽӹ峿֣кͱһ峿
峿ۼֿһк죬һֽס顣
ккߵͨ죬Ҫͣ峿ڰ֡
˰ɣѧˣҲ޷Ժа취û취ﵽǣԣȻѧĸѧɣֻһҪ󣬾ѧж⴫¼ҲҪ˵ţʱʡ˵գ峿ͷͼֱֽ״ıһ㣬
Ȱͼּֽһ飬峿̧ͷһûٵüаɣȻѾˣǾѧɡ㣬ȥ嵰Ҫǲ벻ϡ
ȻףԾûʡ
㣬ĶأòӦ磬ոСֺ治̵ϣ嵰¿ˮ




61.  ʮһ  ˼   Ĳʡ

ȸɻ峿ûľ, Ȼ˵Ļȫס֮ЩҪʵĻ, øǡ
֪˽㣬ŵɡ嵰ͷͷĵ
ӡ
峿ͼֽ, гȫͼ, ֳ﷨һ, ҪǿƽԣȻź׵ΪС, ٶȻ죬ʺϵ˻˫С
ǿṹгӡܡһһС֡ѡΡɡ
гĹԭǳֵĴʲôгֵĴأǡ峿óһųֺͼ̤ͨǰתˣܴ˺ӣгˡ
ʵгõĳֺܶ, ܸǵܶıȻ, ڼޣ, ѵõĺá峿˵, صгϣܣܵĽṹΪʲôҪô, ǻʽвУ
峿˵˵꣬Ҳˣӣڻռ̥
ѾԷˡ̫̫ĺ峿Ļ
ͷϵĺͷۣ֪̫Դˣ֪˭̫ɡƳˣѹûôɹ
һûˮɤһͣ£ֻúð̣ȥԷһи¶
˶֧ߣ峿˸ɽպ÷žͻɽ
㡪嵰ѾɱŹÿνһ˵ʱŪóԵɶأ
ϣ㽱ϣ˲峿嵰Դһ£Ѿͷ㣬㵯
峿ˣѾԴһ嵰ϲѾɶ¶
嵰Ǻ״㣬Ѿ컹һˮ
峿Ӵðôģ
ѾವһԶˣҲǹģѾˡ첻ܺˮˡ
峿Ҳˮ첻ܳԡ
ˮҪѾȻ򷭣Ǹøѵ
Ѿ۵һˣϲˮ
κ峿һԾŶ˵ѾɤҲ˸ϡ
תͷ峿ͳѾקŸСﱳ͵͵ţСҧҿǵһΡ
峿ˣ⺢Ӹ˭ѧģ
οСǵǵɽϾģЩġ
ץסѾƨžžž¡
Ѿޣ峿˰ڰ֣ùѾͷǷʰˡ
СѾͷˣҲ˯ˡ
СѾͷۣʵҲͦ۵ģǲУһͷĺǲҲѧ۸ˣ߱۸ҲҿΪѾã
ǿɲУ̻СӵģɽϿǼʮӣһʮƷԲõĺӣֱӰĺá
ѾСѾͷúúܣһֱƻͰͷҸطϼţСѾͷɶʱԾɶʱԡ
ȷʵøѵ
ٺСѾͷĸݺһۣѾͷãݵġ
ȿȣȷʵЩѾˡ峿ɫҲԸɸСѾߣֻҪĶԣӣһʼ˵õŵģע㣬ҪԼɴСˣʲô˶ָʹϣЩӵɵܵá㡣
ĸЩڨڨֹѾҲЩƮˣÿѾߺ͸˵ɵģʣµĶøɣ˻дȡ
ⲻǡ
˵ҪסۼˣҲũ񡣡峿ʵЩէĲʣƺֻͨʹȨܵõͱ˵ĳϡ
ʵòţûǸҪ
ѾߣҲܸ˼Ƶõ֣˸˼ׯ԰гɶѻǮӣأǶûУǵĸ̫ǳˣûһһûǮˣð˸ˣʱûźˣզ죿Ѿզ죿
ѾôӦԼСݣʵһԭĸĹ䡣
⣬ⲻܰɡ۲𣿡ĸŮ˵Щܡ
һҲأ˵ҷˣ˼ۣһͱ
ĸס峿ͣݺݵ۹Ů˵𡭡ôԼˣĻˣԺúõĶԴˣɶ֣Ҳ̺Ѿ۸ĺӡ
Ѿͷˣĸҡҡͷˡ
ŮĻȷʵ룬ŹŮһƽǹŮҪ˵ģʱզ죿
ǻð˶ˣ𰡡
տʼĸҲûָʹˣĶԸʱ򻹻źһ
ȻЩҲ˻ƣһŬ




62.  ʮ  ʹ   ԺʹĴ

תȥ, ϣһҹδ·ԶŲʢˣ˲һ, һ
Ϊ·Ҫֳ, Ǳʲô, ټ, ¿ԹˣҲճˡ
⣬Ϊ, 峿Ӧʱмһʳ

֮ϲˣǰɣӶ˲˵ϼҴڵģһСҩͯһ߰Сޣ˵ϴСӡ
ҲСŮ˵׹Ů
Ҳȱʳ, ǿȱˮģĵ, Ȼ϶ð˸ϳȥֲǸԺ
ǳɽ, ӱȴ˶, ԺҲûˡ
Ϊ˵Ļӭһ˸һŷѹӣ˸һ
ʮֵĶ¶, ȫϴ֮ͬ󣬲Žˣ˵лл
Խĵһллʵ˾档
ˣ峿Ŷȥһߣʣ˵ɣϴɶ֮ǵø
С㣬۹Ǻã·Զ˸ƨ
峿һģҶںӺһȽϿݣ˵ɡ
λʮǰ̫ҽԺԺʹ·Զһ仰峿Ŵͣ˵ģͷԺʹ
̫ҽԺԺʹ̫ҽԺ߳٣Ʒְ
൱ǰˣ
ԣԺʹ·ԶСС㣬ɲףҿǰŵÿһĽϣԺʹſɽϵġ
ǣѹһһƨնˡ
ⶼ¶ֻҪԺʹ汾¶С
ɽϵȷȱ򣬱Ͼ֮ζŴ꣬ûûȵģһԡ˷ðټ֮ǰʱ·˶ˣ˭֪ûвʱ߰ʲôģʮа˾Ҫ֣ⶼʷϵľ顣
иҲǰ׼ҩʱ֡ǰԤ֮ģҲͷˡ
ǿ϶бµģȻǻҪء
һһ֮⣬ʲô˵
Сô֪ȿȣǩĻֻ꣬굽ں󲻵øԺʹȥ֮⣬ÿٷǮͲøˣǲǿ˿
峿üУҴӦˡ
·Զವóһֽ峿һƣǣ˶дԼˣ͵ӡˡ
峿ʾ·ԶȥðģˣôǰĶɣΪʲôﻹ𣿡
С㣬˶ˣҲƫĵĵϳˣд˶Ͼ飬ģû鷳ۡǰ￪˼ӣջⶼҪҪǣС㣬к̨
к̨˭أ
ûƭ㣬Ů˵ԭĵܵܣڿϵ£ǻͷͷ𣿡
ǰɣڽأҲϵ޵ܣֵŮѲģ˵Ȼͷҵ޵ˣҪⶼǰֽ˵õġ
峿ЦЦҼȻȫȨǴˣǣ㲻õ˵㣬ҾĶԡ
ӡȥɡ
֪ǲǰˣԺʹ˸ʣǰһӣվͯӣǰ˳ӣǵżġ
ҲûţŮԼȥһ⣬Ǵġ
еСˣϽ˺ȥг
ʱ䣬Ǹһǻûװ
ֳĵΪɶҪֳ
峿ûסЦˣǸֳгֵġ
嵰ͼͽָܹ峿ĸ϶ߡ
վʳӣȥˡ
ʳվѾˣ峿ʱϴβһֻһٽסӡʣµİ˳Ǻһһס
̫ɣҪ˲࣬׿ֱԣ֭ˮӯʱѹӣҪҲֻ࣬кܻӭ
ŪʱһƬһƬصڵȻҶӺӣʣµȫǺĸ϶ˡ
һһƬؼ꣬峿϶˿˻ɽ
һʱϽͣЪЪˮ֡
˵ˮ峿ҲΣۿĩˣûһʼôˣǸĺܣɳȥ˺üˣĿǰΪֹûҵˮԴ
ˮ̶ˮ½ˮҲǵĺܣ峿Ѿͣˣÿ￿ϵˮά֡
һɵһ˽ĴϣȵʱϢһʱŸɣһֱǶˣ˲һƣĻɽ
⵱Ȼ˵ŰʳȥˣΪʲôأ뱻˷֡
Ųţ




63.  ʮ     ӡ£Ӳ

, ͨ˴Ȼκͷӣ·Զ˶ûбֳһ˿һĺ
˵˵Ļ, ͹ˡ
ԹСĺȥ˯, ʣȫ˰ᡣ
ɴܹ·Զֻ, յľ尲š
ܵ˵Ϊ, һˣһʳ
ʳͲ˵ˣѾ׼, ϴεȫѻڰɽɽԼĿյϡ
ʳӵԭֻһǾǽһʳ˻ǳࡣ
ͬϴμȫǸĴˣϢĴ峿ţݵؽûв֪ʯֵģ
ʯɶ
ʯʳŻš
ǵĿڿഫʯֻͨڡ
ȻΪԭɺһ, ڿ֮ǰ峿Ԥϡ
ʱ䣬㹻ԶЩء򡢴˸·ˡ
, ܴﵽϴε屶
ټһӻĵ黹ռִظ׼ʳҲδعϷֵġ
ʳ, ҲζŽǳķ, Ҫ˵һ桪ˡ
ʳֻҪڶ¶˵ⷴҪ鷳Щ
Ϊ˶࣬ζǷǶࡣ
漰, һɽϵİȫһɽµİȫ
ɽϵİȫ峿ʵѾĺܺˡ
ɽϾȦȦܳȥкӱﲻסҪȥ˽ڶ׷֡
˵Ҫ˵¸ڣΪԱޣɽΪǵϳȿȣ԰вСĺӣڵһҪ֮ء
ԣ·ԶרѡʮϵġкŮžվڣһİ˾͸Ͻӡ
⣬·ԶھȦϱt̨վ̨ϣܿɽ¹ٵϵ
ﰲŵģ̫̫Ųʢʮĵ
ǰɽ
ʳֿڵأǵڶҪĵص㡣
Ҫ϶
϶ʳ䣬䵱ʱļ¼Ա¼ʳʱԼȵȡ
һΣһ·Զķǳϸ£һǰǼ
峿õһǣһ˵λֵʮ󲻹ͳƻ׷Ӧ˭ʲôһ
϶һԱ
·Զ˵꣬϶ȲľֲԸˣĸˣɶģ
²ͣЪĸɣҲʳ
Ҫ˵Ϊʡͨʯ͵ģʱʯʱ򣬿ɽϵ·⣬ֻһף˹ƣٶȿ϶Ҳ첻ˡ
ϴʮ˸ɶûզϢĸˣǲϢҲӦ
·Զڰ֣ʾ϶ż£ٻٸʮˣղ˵֣С鳤ʱˡ
ˣ
˲Ŀ·Զ·Զû˵˵һء
Ҳɽµˡ
ɽ¼峿·ԶԼҴ⣬ټɽϵˡ
һô٣ҲҪ˵ġ
Ȼ·Զ˵ʱһ˴һˣʳǸǮʳЩˣ⣬ÿȥһٽʳǽһٽʳȫҪ¼ıϣҽڼҪϰӡ˭͵ʳûӡ׷Σ˵ʳȥ򡣡
⻰һ˵ը˹˼˵̰īʳ
õ
ǲŲô
ҲҲԷһϾ˶࣬һһʳ֪ǰ·ٵģǽٵģԲԣʱԩҲԩһʼֺãʱ˭ξ˭ġ·Զº׷ΣͰ˵¶Ҳӡܸ
ʣĶʮ׳ֳ꣬飬ÿˣӺľɽɽ½ѲߣÿʱϢһ㡣
һصġ
ɽµͰȫҲùܣ˸ֻɺǸԵĹ·Զ˵һ㣬ҲҪһ㣬ǾǣѲߵĶʮˣԼκ˲ɽεѾ֣Ѳ߶ӵ̿ԽѺҪκɡ
ҲǷֹ˻ɽõİ취
·峿Ҳʯ˾ֻʯһ˽һͨС·ӵˣֻܴߡ
һɽϾֻѲ߶ӵĶʮˣİˣͺ׷ˡ
·ԶűȥԱŰ
ȻΪҲųûϡ׺ӵġ
·Զ˵ֹ꣬峿˵䡣
峿ʵã·Զ˵ĺܺãûҪģ˵⼸һǳ࣬ΣգأûбҪ󣬾һ㣬ԼʳҲûϵǵİȫҪ
⻰һ˿Ŀмֳݡ
ĸ϶ĳԼҹŮˡ
˵˵⣬Ϊֲԣһһļ۸񣬹Ӷۺӹһʮˡ
ӹʮˣ䵽С鳤һ˴ĸˣҲ˵һ˿峵е˳ǵȡЩӹãԣֻһҪ󣬱սǵ죬ʲô˵ʲô˵ǳˣҶ˵ɡ
µͷ˽ͳһſھˣ˵Ʋ©Ҷ֪ 
ʣʮ˸ۣЩȫɽ£άɽµİȫ򡣡峿˵һ԰ţǲùܡ
Щӡ¡峿óһӣľͷ̵ӡ£һ֣һɫģƾŻһ˿ȡһĸ£һŻһӣʱ˱ͻͬʱڣð䣬˵ķݶȫȡ
ڶ֣ǺɫĶͯ£ǸϣʮºӷѹӵģڻϸǸӡ
֣Ǻɫ£ֻͬҪǹӵģ˵Թʳˡ
Ȼ뺢ӣһԵӣҲ˵ͯȿѳԷѹӣҲȡһѺ
˹ģӣĻһȡˣףۡ
𣿡
УѾ㻹û˵ء·Զϱ˵
ʳһʮˣԳ̼ׯǳ̼ׯĶҽ֡Ǹҵʹӡ
ɽֻҪѹӣȻ峿ûϾʳû͵Ǽˡ
֮ԸѸʮ˰æǳ̼ҵһ⡣
峿պȱˣ͸ˣȻ˼ѣ˼ǮӦȷѹӵ֮󣬸ǼʮԼһϡ
ʲôˣ峿ҲҲû취˵̫ϸ˾Ͷˡ
⣬ѵ֮ʣҪһģһֻͭ塢ӡģĶҪһһ峿˵һҪעԼİȫΣգǽǵúҵ֣һȥǵġ
ˣ˵ˣ·Զ㻹Ҫ˵ûеĻϢɡ
С㣬һ¡·Զ˵տ϶æһ㣬Լз׼ϡ
ûǸҪ˵꣬峿ʲôʱӵĸ͡
Ѿô鷳ൢ¶ʱЪá·ԶϱĴɤ˵۵ʱии۰Ȱӣֽɶǿ
ԶԶԣѾɩ˵Ķԡ
УҾͲ˵ɶˣ˫۾ţҸҼӲ͡




64.  ʮ  Сͷ   еĴͷɡ

ðŵȫŵλ, ڶմҾûô磬𴲡
嵰Ѿһ˯ģͳżȦȥ, ûһ˵զ쳹ɽ, , , µˣ
һһŵɽת˰Ȧһ˾͵ø˿ʳ¯ļɡ
ؼ, ɽϲǾһӣת˰Ȧƨɺ͸һȺĺӣһʼСţӴ׷ҸϣкӷҪԸţ嵰ѾԸ⣬ôͷ¶ɲ, ⲻʹˡ
峿İѺһӳȥͳ̲ơ
º, ˭Ҳˣ˭Ҳˣ
ɽϵĵһŵô, ƫƫڴæµʱ, ֪峿֣ĸ϶ҳ, ԸԷҲÿճʱһƨһƣ
嵰Ѿһƣĵң
̫̫˵Ƥ鵰ˣ鵰Ǻʹʣµĸ˵ǰһͣհĺ˲ۣȿֺظСƵõͶι
峿ҡҡͷʾ̫̫úǣʣµϺ۰ȣ

ɽ£̼ҵʹԼۡӹȫˣڷǰأμˣһֲѵӹһɾֲѵǳ̼ׯˣͳһɫӵۡ
ԶһЩڵͨڣϿųͷŲ˵ϲ
ɽ˶Զ׷׺СɶʱʼһҪˡ
峿ߵǰʯ̾͵С㳡ϣһ֮󡣡
ˣӹ̼ۡҵķֳվá
վãʾԼҵȥˣӵߣѲ߶ӵĲ죬ⶼԳˣġ
ʮأһ˿ԴôҲš
ۡ
峿ܡ
һʮ˸ǰɣվڴԱ߿ţֹǰͷ˲ӣ֮ġ
һ˸һ֧мŶԼȫҪκ˲ӣƤ֮ģҪʳҸϳȥй۸˺ӺŮ˵ģҸϳȥ
ڶĩβŶӣףвӣҵ⡣
ң񣬵һ˴ڿʼȥͷϡʮµĺͯƾȡһŷѹӡԼʮƾȡһŷѹӡڶʣʶֵһʱ󣬸һ𷢷ѵķѹӡ
Ҳʶ֣Եͷİ¶ȥˡ
峿ӣмС㳡ǰ£Ĵδ򿪣ĸǺʣµӰ˵ģֻҪеĶ
Ŵڴ򿪣ȴһӿ򴰿ڡ
ǳ嵶һŶӣ˭ҪǲúŶӣӵģʳ
ڵвҲЩϵţ˹ԹȥŶӡ
ȻҲЩΪӵһЩСˡ
ͱݸ¸µģһŮˣŹŮͶվ۸ǰһۻĨ۾磬кðɣӣɶˣһûڶ˵ǲҲҪ࣬ҪһȸӵӣԼںŶӡ
ǸСЩ޴룬֪ô죬ʶŤͷ峿
峿ЦЦŮָָ֣վϣҪۣһ
ŮЩΪȻ峿ôһӣҪߣͣ½Ųವһ´ڵ峿ǰСѣ˵̫죬û壬˵ɶţ
峿ΧĶ䣬ǻظһ顣
ݸ¸µŮü̴ϲɫСĶ죬Ҽɣˡ
ԣ죬ҪŻ峿˵ҲҪżѶһʱſʼǿȥһˣڶһв֪ģȥʾ£ţȻЩĻظûģԶ顣
˵գ֪Ķóֽϡ
Сѹɶһֹӣ㷢𣿺Ƕˡݸ¸ŮŸѵ촽ǰơ
Ӹһݣˣ۾͹ֻܣգ۾㣬峿ģ޲óһѵĺóԵͶιӡ
ȿȣȻҲ룬ûռտա
ټѧ׷װԼǰƣ˫ͬķɶϼʮ˫峿ֻӲĳˣϽŶӰɣʱѵĹӳԣֽϣң㲻Ŷ
ѵú죬䣬мӣɿվǰ
峿òǣУܳʮꡭĺҲλãкӶУٲǵġ
ôͷ
˵ʶʱ񣬺еĴͷɾͷˣ峿أҵӣƼСĺӡ
㣬ֵ߽㣬ɶ֣
ΪԸϲҪֺкԴҽɼֵܣ㲻˵й𣬸ϽóҶҪˣŶȸʮҪúóһ٣ŶҪġ




65.  ʮ  Լ   ʮͭһţһ

ˣ峿ʡ
ùͷ, бۣһģ
ʮˣǵҪ, ӹӣȡǵѵʸ, һ߶ȥ, ﰭ¶峿Ӷĵ
˭һĵ
ɲš
û, ûҼҺ˫̥պʮ꣬Ҳġ˵ĵû¶, ϾѵĶ˭Ҳ٣ļŶӣ*ЦⲻǣС¶дһʶ
У򲻿ɸģȻߵ۸ģ۸С, ӾͲӣǸͷ, Сľͺϸţ峿ɨһΧڡȻ, ҶڴûĻ, ʵνġ
ԣһϲƾȭͷ˵Ļ, һưֻ¶Цͷһ䡣
С˵ĶԣɱӺϳͣѧţǴҴһܣǻһʳ
ǣ˵˭Ҳ⣬ȻǼֵҲҪú̸̸Ǽ˶࣬Ҳŵǰͷء
ͲˣҺʮ껹¶ҼҺӲ궼֪ҪŶӣ
СɲܹһӣȻǿɲǿҪģ
ԣͷ˵ĶԣСզþզãȻƽס
ǣ峿ۣȻһ漰棬ڡǹ˲ϿϷˣ׷ײС
ɫҰףŭŮˣ峿ƲƲ죬ǸǴҵӴ߰ɡ
峿ֱӴˣŮ˵Թɵе˶ĸ˵ʱŮ˾ԹޣҲ֪˭ֻܺ޺޵ԼҺӣĶѵĶס
ŮԲģ͵͵ʹɫһƨϣĴŵ棬һõо峿ίʵĲ̹ӺʱסͷǵһΣǳҸǸӣ¶ǰѺ߾ˣҪ˷ҿɾͲˣ
˵ţһ̤ʯϣʯһΪһ̲ʯۣΪԲģԲһ֮ڵʯ壬ȫѳɵĿ顣
˵߻˵ĺŵɫҰףǾŮˣҲһڵء
ǣЩСֱ޵ġ֪ΪɶֵĺӣҲŵıˡ
֪ЩӵĿֱħԴҪըˣƫ˵˵ƨĺӾϲޣզ죿
ÿ·
Ů˸Ͻɵ˵ĺˣ峿ʾĶǰ
ˡǰ֮ʣµֻҪ벻ģս峿Ȩ
һ£ǰС㳡˾ȻŶӣ˵ҲɤӣΨ־ŵ峿ħȡǵʸ񡣡
ʱܿȥںǺǵεĿ£峿־λӺķѡ
ͮͮˮĹӸԳ֣˵Ŀ⡣
ȫķΧУһʿˮԼһֱ񣬸մǿˮƵճڹϡ
ССǣûΪɶǿȡǾͲУʵ
õ𣿡峿ӵĿˣǶߣҳҲ̫żٹʮ϶ķݶ

֮ѿڶһŬʮܱ֤ĵʮڣ
ܻʮҾܱ֤ʮ껹ڡ峿Ϊĵ
л峿û¿ղǻ˵Ĵ󲻾ֱͲû˵ʮڣ
ⲻ¶ô
ҪǻɸխģҲû˵ġ
ˣСǸģ
ͷϵģ߳飬峿֣³»֮صĽ˽飬óѧְ˷Ϊ飬µѧѾȫң̶ͶȥˣĿǰûκνڹĳ·ǷĻ²ҪǮֻҪһչһٷһֹӼɡ
峿üȷȱˣ˺ðȷʵȱ˷еҴӲףѧϰУء
ȻȥŶұ¶ٹ峿޴ӷֱ뷨
»֮ղŵıҪ򶨶ˣٴι֣ûлԭȵλãȥ˶ĩŶӡ
峿ͷĿǰ˻ԡ
֮ǰұҪ˵ǣһ׼ãڸԵ˹ӵǻڻĺ£ͬʱҲ˵лУ˱ͻԣҪŪ٣ʧȥеĲᡣ
ڶֻ֪Ӻ˷ӣܶﲻѾˣȵҿĵطͰѹˣѵһܰЩĸźСԲˣҪﺢӷֵеĶŮԼݶˣǱˣǿԴ͡
Ҹǣȥɣ
˻Ǻӣȫʮһ쵽ӵıǵļȫ뿪¹ӣڵļͥԶ޷ͼ۵ġ˫ʳ
Ȼȷʵõģ˵һһ˵飬࣬ҪҲܳȥԣλعҺôҺá
ˣʼɣ
֣һ˸ǰһӣǰͷʮ˹
Ӻ˷ֿӣӡ
ĺӣʵ̫Сˣеĺܣ۾ͻŵ飬һֻСľСľӣųԡ
ôСĺӺ٣һ峿ͳǳԵ̫ˣǣ̾¸Ǻι
·ϻһЩ棬Ӧġ
ҪɣҲ͵ԣҿ϶ӳԡʱһСӵ̫̫˵
Ժĺ̡̺
Уιɡ峿̫̫͵ԣΪȷʵĺãһĵġ
һӼ˼״Ҳˣ峿Է
ļҳû۶ӣⲻֵģʲôӴСĵ㣬һΡ滨ԣ˵˵ɶζġϣϱˣ㳢ζ
峿ͷߣȴҲ֪ܶˣаµˮδմˡ
ȿȣѹӿͭʮͭһţһ޹һš




66.  ʮ     ץ˼رġ

۸񲢲
˲, ҪôӹҪô٣о峿һ͵͵̰˵ġ
, ЩСֹκ, ȫˡ
峿ֺֺЦ
Ȼ, ׶, ׳𣬸ĶˣܻĳЩ˵̰ķŴ
мĲı, ɽӿ϶࣬ŰӻɤӵģɽȥԸ
峿ȫûҪЩôɽôġ
ȻҲܳ˹ӣҪԹޣ峿ôĵ, ֱӺ·Զһ˵, ֪զˡ
·Զ裬, ÿˡ
˿ʱ, Ϳʼˣж಻ףʿ뿪߽, ȻҪˣЩʳȫļһų͹ģǳˮûǳûŲס͵ˣΪǳԸãԸʣҹͣЪͣ˽󣬾Էͣһ¡
²ģǷҵģƣֻǲ뿴ŰܿѲԸվԼ΢֮ҵġ
ʳǮ򲻵οôʵʳô͵ļ۸񣬼ڰˡ
ѵΪϵʳͱˣ
Ŀ϶ϢͨģԸȥʣϵʳɶ۸ټķãǰͳȥġǶеģˣ׬˶Ǯ
ңң˷֪ǰϵѾǵһǮ»֮վ˵Ҳ֪֪𣿡
֪ҼүǰȥǰջˣѾǵǮһˡǰҵǸܼվ˵
Ȼõ׼۸񣬵ǣʱҲûܳԵˣʵͦƵģĺʵġ
»֮һ̴ӻóһȵİǮһ㣬Щ͹ӣȫ͹ģǴӽϹʱҲ
·ԶźӵͷΪ˱鱣ʣҲ·ϸ˽ʣȻ˺ܲˣЩҲñɺɡ
⻰治٣ǰһ¶жߣĿáġ
»֮ϸһĨ⣬·Զ峿֣лǣлࡣ 
mmpģ峿̲סۡ
һĻһʳĳɱӣϾļ۸һֱӸ߲£ǽꡣ»֮תʵҾˣΪҪñ飬˳ɱŵطװЩʳ𣿡
ⲻűŷӸҲЩˮ𣬲Ȼʱȱˮܵˣ˵ǴҲúˮ͵˺Ҳúˮñ飬ȻЩһٶЩͲɱˡ·Զֵ
»֮㣬һʳɱǮӣεһĻĻڲ֪֮ǰЩҪʮһ˵ֻҪʮһ
һʳҲ˵ʮǮҲȥɱǮӣǮʮģһͿǮʮģ
һ˾ˡ
ǮܶһӰ궼òôࡣ
˵һһ»֮û㣬Ĵ󻧣ûõóСЩͭ壬ҲںˣԣҲûӡ
峿ˣվ˵
һжر߹أŮھǣΨһӪŮǵļױӺܶŮǵǮƣֻЩͷʹǮȫ˳ϣҶøжһζıԹ
˵ǷҵģԸ˼ԸҲûɶ
Ҫģϲеڶ˼ôĵˣңΪ֮ɣ
һ仰įĺȴΣ˲ò˵ۿ
Ҳ֪˭վģСǲĺģǻμסĶ飡
ֻǣһȥҵĺӣĵ
˱Թһæ塣
˵ǵĻҵȭͷ𲻴Ӧ
ǵĴˣȻص磬Ҹ˼

Ҳ֪˭ͷˢˢĹ£űͷ
峿жЩ˵֮ģҲƽ޹Ķ¡
ˣЩ¶ҲûɶãôˣĺôɣûһǮĺ¶ҡ
Ϊⷬû˳۶ˣȫʵʵģĻжĶһʳ
Щ̵ܽģ˽»¶ģ峿ǳ֣Ǿһһĭˡ
·Զ峿Ĵָ
峿ҡͷ˵ȷǳڸж֮ģǸж֮ȴάôܣôŽһ¡
վͳһսߵǾ仰Ҫġ
ģ
漰⣬ŽһµҪԭ򡣡
峿ûʲôãϾʱ򣬾ͱһζһʳʱ򣬲˵˶֪ж֪л
ɵԭֻкӺܵõѵĹӳԵʱЩûеõģԾƽˣȫˣǷǵģǿ飬Щõģֻеòģǵġ
˶ǽģʮΪսһͷȴΪ˵֮һʳͶԹ
ʵû١
ΪֻҪ񣬶ȡһĺ˵ô׬˵ģĲ֪㰡
ȻҵļԲãͺװɣԺÿգģ飬͵ùߣȻôǵסء

С㣬С㡪
峿תſѲ߶һԱӺͷ֡
·Զ㿴ˣ¶ɽһˡһ峿Ѳ߶ӳԱˡ
ʲô峿ФɣФǸŲʢһģ֮ǰ⽻ץ˲רֱӹˡ
ФȴһĹŹ֮ɫС㣬ץ˼ˡĵȻԼʰɡ
峿գգۣѵ˵ݱȽ⣿
жԶ
ФɫŹˣ㻹Լɡ
ǣʲôأץɶ˰õ
аɣ˵Ͳ˵뿴ץ⼸˾жر𡣡




67.  ʮ     ʯҵɽ

Ф˰쾹ǻصɽ
峿ü, ˣܱܿѲԱɽһ˰
Фڵһʣ˿ѹĸ, ĸĸߴ, ϰϸܵ, 졣
˵˰ɡ峿һФ, ûĸɶرġ
Фõһ˿еƲǶңɶϽ˵
, ҽкأţ⣬Ƭȫҵɽ˵ʯ룬*ļױҲ
˵꣬³һһ, ˹ȥ
Ա˼ԴֱײأƲסǰҽС
峿ͷ۲, ˣлˡ
Ф, , ιȥģɰɡҲżҳǶĿʵ, ɽгԵˮȻιˮԵ㶫ͺˡ
Ȼûɰȫ̧ɽˡ
ˣιˮιԵģúд̺ҡ峿һˡ
ȻŵĵЩ⧲ȴ⡣

ɽ¶һɣΪһֱѲߣҲû˸¶ܶѡͽ˶һʳ뿪
峿һ֪ʯĵؽһŵʳء
ڴ˲⡣
֮ǰãǸĴˣ죬Ҳɲٵ¶
ͬܶǴӸģԱڶ࣬Ʒвһ߽ݾҲ⡣
ȵˣֻңʱ˵٣ɱ˷Żпܳ֡
ûа취ġ
ԣͷǷЩ뿪ʱ峿ҡҡͷùܣԡЪϢԣֻҪ¶
˵ţѶһѹӵ֧飬ÿӻʮ˵ӣ¶ˡ
ԹӵĶһ㣬ûԵĽ֮ɫ
ڿӲʱ̾˲䣬ú˷Ĳ١
ԱŶĵֻ಻٣鳤ĿӰ
Ͼϳ»֮ˣǸ˶֪Լռ˴ˣƫƫ˾ϲռˣԭ֮һһͷں޲ðѼȫҳȥˣһֺڣ֪нգôҲöһѳͷƣȸء
ֳԵģŶӵģвٵȴģܶ˶ȫ㳲һҾʮڵģŶһֻһˣ˴źڸš
ٽʱԽԽȣк̲ˣܵĴ޲ֹ
һޣΧҲſޣһʱ䣬ǺͯԿۡ
üԱһʮɫȥЩˡ
峿æסˣãû¶⺢ˣϽȥضɡ
ӵĸ˸мֱͷֻ̧ţͼǺӺȻ鴤ˮ¾ͰѸ˸ŵԵڵأҪ峿ֽſסǺˤϡ
̣ˡ峿šüˮĻϽι㡣
˳ĶˮҲûҼһˮղҪ޳˿ŷѣŸˡ
˵꣬һҧָ̧ͷҧƤ뺢ӿС
˶̫죬峿ʶʲôʱ򣬾ͼ㺢һһĺѪ
峿鸴ӵĿһĻ䣬вѺӵ¶ĸĸҲԸһѪȻӵĸĸ
˵˾仰ûһһŷѣ峿ҪݹȥͼǺӺĿȿһ³ڴڵѪˮ
峿һôͻȻˣ
ȴźӵıŵ˰ɣ£Сȵ̫żˣǺˣСȣû˸ġ
峿ò̫ԡ
ľϵܣĸӦͨҪ̡еĶ࣬ܺĸӦӵ֮ǰήҡĶࡣ
źӵıûһᣬֹסˣ̱ڸ˻۾Ϣ΢
峿帾֣Ƶ˺ɽ֪ǲɽ·ߵˣ·СһأȴΪ⣬ºƤʵĺܣû¶ġ
ɩɶҴأＸӣģ
˵ǲ˵ˡ
֣ŶӶһʳɢˣͷˣպһһһʳ
ɽҵѲ߶ӵˣǡФСӣɩӣɽдǴĸȥɣҳСĺܣôҩ
̫鷳ˣңҵǮȫӵˡɩӲ˼ĵ
ҪǮѵģǿȥɡ
ɶңһûҵҵ˵ɩźӵıССࡣ
˵˵´糤ɶ峿˵
Ǹˣ˽й˴£ͷɸˣߵǸˡ
У֪ˣȹ˴ʳ㡣峿˵
ѲСһȥɽʣµ˼ѲߣǰФֹĿ峿ЦЦԸ⾡ÿһӡ
ĸӦСΣǴ򣬲֪ΪʲôǾרҵĴһ
ΪɺζſܻдȾɩĸɽڲŴ˺ϡ
صɽ£峿ڶѰ˴£»֮ವһ³嵽ǰ




68.  ʮ  ʦ   Ǯϡ

»֮ĨĨͷϵĺˮ, ѵ촽Цһ۵̲ס죬Ѫֱ
ͱ, Ѫˡ峿Ľ
»֮һ죬һס졣
㲻˵ˡ
˵, ˵»֮˻, óϵ, ȿѪͣҲ˵С, ҪкʵĹؿ£¾סسǱֻͬңֻҪ˴̾
˵գ˹֣Ȼˡ
һ¡峿ס, ôûΪûǰ, »֮ǰɣһ, й, Ҫϸ̸һ¡
лСˡ»֮ϴϲɫ˵֮ǰɶˡ
峿ף֧ǰͷһе, ˸ͷǳߣŵһ׾ˣһһ߶ߵĹŴһֻ뼦Ⱥĳ¹ʮֵԡ
˴ǰͷˣ峿һʳʾ»֮˽й
ʲô֣峿ʵ
˴¡ͷǸߣҲЩɵ㶵ģɶȻ˵ɣҵȥϱͶӣǵõżˡ
ȱ𼱣ӺϱںɽأС岻̫ɽϵĴҪǲżţҪż˴ȥ
鷳Сҹȥ˴ż
Уһ£Ҹˡ峿·Զأѵط˵ˣɴ˴¹ȥ
¶ų»֮û˵ĵضҽ°ɣ䣬ＸˣǰЩóʲô֮ġ
ܽ˵ǳ»֮ʮ꣬ǸţиӺӣûйͥѣһݹҺڡ
ŵݾע»֮ǩԼҲ˵ǰԼˡ
峿ǾǮһʮʮס
»֮۾һ⣬̫˰ɡ
һˣڶʮҪɣһݰ빤Ǯ峿˵
С㣬ܻܲЩѹӣҲ֪ڵҲˮ
ԣҪȥ·Զ˵ȥһ֪ˡ峿˵ˣǴסɽϣÿ
»֮סɣҵؼңһʱ仹ڵġ
Уؼɣտʼһڳһġ
оǣ޽ϿεĽң޽ںɽɡ
һɽλò󣬴ʹгռ˿λõһ롣
һǣ»֮ϾˣڵĻҼӲҲ㡣
߳»֮峿˳·ȥɩӣڸüͷšĽġ




69.  ʮ  Ļ   ߷׼

ԱɩӺ͹˴ŵɫҰ, һῴһῴСٲ˵˶Ҫſˡ
ɩ֮ǰ, ɿ֡
ҼҺôˣɩȲʵ
ûɶ, ̫Щ, Ǻúõ, ÿպЩࡢ֮ģȻĻӳŲ˶á˵, СƢθҲҩʳɡ
޽ˮҲú𣿡峿˵𣿡
⺢̫áԵĲ𣿡
ûˣٵһ, лҪ峿˵տһڣɽҲûˮ, ҾæҲƾձ䲻ˮ, ͷһһ, ڹС𿾳׻ιС׻һմˮͻˣСӳû¶
лл, ллɩĨ˵
˴Ҳ֣ĸˡ
峿ʵǸС֮⣬ûб𣿡
򲻽⣬֪ʲô˼
峿ʾСҩͯǰ˵Ѳ߶ԱԶ㣬С֪·˶֪Щ;˶·ߵʬͷţܰʯ룡
ھ·컹ôȣ·ߵЩʬ˶ûУ·˲ᱻȾɶɣ
˲ɫһ䣬ͬСǻǸȾ߲ˣ
ԡΪܸоСͻȻú΢Ļ״׾ͻɵͷˡ
¿ǸûиȾ߲Ϊλỳأ
ŶΪҿкܶ˰˵·峿˵߲ҩĴڿʼѼŪЩҩӣҩҲУǻġû߲Ҳǰ׼š
֮⣬Ҫڷ
УֻҪ뵽Щϰ·ѹζ;ûʡ
ѧҽģҲѧѧģǿЧˮ䲻ֻȽʯˣȻ·Զȥ򡣡
ɽתתɣܲҵɱĲҩͷܲŪЩҩˮϡдĶԼӴϣ峿Ȼġ
û취Ŵҽѧ̫ˣʱһǿǲģɽϻмʮأǼʮӣΣȺء
Уɽ￴ûкõĲҩò˵СԶûУô֪ûС
峿ɽĸ˿ֵʽ֯ɽϵŮԽԽãȻŲʢһһֳɽ
ֳͣںɽ滻лԶˣ޲ֻҪɫģʯңҩҲãﶼУԽԽáǮ꣬һ꣬ȥ
˵ţְѶķӵݹȥĲҩֻҪӺֲꡣ
ֻдǰлԣ˵û취ˣֻҪʵֲꡣ
ţְһӵݹȥȫӣһһ
Ŀﳵˣ峿·Զ
ʯΪ֮ǰռݣɽĸʵټʬ壬ʵҲûЩ˰·ˣ˸ͬҫ˵﷢ӡ
ֻǸ
඼˼ңϵ֮˲ΪвŹء
ԭȻﰲȫȵʱˣϿ֣ʱأҲǴ⡣
ڣΪһʳˣʯ벻ǰȫĸˡ
ûдȾϣԺأû֢״ҲǱڡ
뵽Сϸܵڿʼطߡ
峿ԼĻɸ·Զ˵ˣӽտʼ˷ֳɽ£ɽɽֱӽӴȿˣȫϣ۶Ҳȡһʱһҩһ飬Ҫòҩһݡ
ȫķЪţҪʲôһԼҪܡ⣬¶ǵ΢͸¶һ㣬Ҫֻˣʲôģʵɡ
ʯҵ֪֮ͨһע˵Ŀˮ罦ϣֿԵˣԶԶģӴжҪĨҩˮ
ǵһ˺ѣŻ¶֮ģ֪ͨҡ
·Զ¼ǲסרżСϣС㣬Ѳߵզ죿
ͣȥ֪ͨɣǣԲܽȥɽǸҵɽϢ峿šü
δȻɡ
Ըһж졣
ҽͲճԵûӪεֿ߲
ϧһľϵܣŪû취
ˮ
ǰҩȱˮ
ʯǸˮ̶͸ɺˣɳȥںɽҵһԼĪʮƽ׵ˮ̶һɽ·ߣһҪʱã峿Ϣ֪
²òˡ
ˣˣɽϽĸأЩ˹ҲǴĶģҲ֪ڲϣҲ֪ϴ˶ٲ
ץˣںɽţЩ˿ɲǸպصܱܿѲԱɽϡ
УøϽҺ峿סˣŪҩˣȥˮˡ




70.  ʮ   Ǻ   ʯĵ

Ͱˮ̫Ҳɽˡ
صɽҩͯѾ, ҵĻŵҩݱС˿
ֻ֣߲ûйϵ
ʤޣ峿ĸСĵά
, ɽԱķʣµĲùˡ峿˵
Ϊɶ, ǲˣ
, Լ, ͵شɽ˯Ǽ򵥰ĸ롣
峿ǰԼĻĸĸ˵ˣҲעŵɽϵ⣬ȻˮԴ, һҪڷͷָף˶ֱܲӽӴʳϰߡ
˵ûȵĸӦ峿ſԼŵ
£ֻҵĻɣ˵ҽ, ۲°զզ, סҽģҪ˵©, ¶ܱ¶ȥ, һû߲ȴ˿ֻţʱ˸࣬ײ
, ᰴ˵ĸһӺòͷˣ¶ûӡ
Թд˼ŷߵķӣɱãȻ϶ǱȲ˺ġ
ҩɱƾҺҲɻȱ
򵽣ͱˣֻһ취Լ
峿˵̫ˣʯķ㡣
ȿȣǷɣҩŨȸ㡣
ʱҲһ峿ȸɽɽµһ˷ֽ·ԶˣϾ˿ڣͨѪҺȾĸ죬Ǿ仰ٸ˽ӴδȻ
߲ʧǳеģȻô鷳
ɽϵʱѾ͸ˣ˯ˣΧſյϵĻ֡
ϵһֻɰ̴ҩ㡣
峿֧ѣĸһȥ˴ԺԱߵСӡ
ſڶŸ߰ĺӣѾ㣬˻ûأ̫ˣְˡ
㿴Ű졣峿ӵĹԿǣСɣأҲһֱţȥɡ
ã档СҡԴһľСˡ
峿ĬĬŻѽȥһȦŻûʣţŭĿȴ޿κΡ
һʱ䣬峿ţСɻȥϢˡ
ʹţͼŬ䶯ţ洲ϣŤŤ
峿Żֽݣ˷ǽڣʯĵ𣿡
žĵһôɵ𣿡
ҿҲ̫ãƼݣûԱ˰ɣ
Σ
ܾ裬Щ޴
ΣҲϲңҵʮ£Ͷˣһǽʯġ峿Цŵ
ϵסľһ˲й˳ǰõʯΣŮǮҲŪʳοΪ˰׷ɱһǮҲûˡ
峿ĿĴﵽϣһĴ𸴡

Ӻ뿪峿һɱҩˮɽɽһ룬մ˲ֲ
Ѳ߶ӵҲԷԷѲһȦ˯ˡ
ȻϿ¶࣬Ұã峿ɲΧ󣬾Ͳ˹ˡ
˳·ȥץˣǲ٣ԼĪжʮϣ͡
ʣ°ᵽɽ£ڳԷ֮ǰ֡
ʱ̫ۡӹԼ̼ׯҲˣ峿һ˷˿֡
ں󴰿ֻʣµ˻ϢͳԷ
ڶһʳİգ˺ܶ࣬ΪǴӸظģġʶ˵ѾͶݺͺȥˣʣµҲգȻ᲻ûǮסջһ֦һɲݣһϯӣһӣһӽżҲˡ
վɽȥٵɵȫˡ
ҲûͨȻ½ŵĿնûС
·ԶӦ峿ɽϡ
ӹĸݹˮ峿ȵԸһ飬ϴ֡Žɽ

ڶճԹ緹峿ɽˣһ̫ҩˮˣһɽ·Զۿţųӡ
гֳ
һһϣɻĺܣ̶ʱ䣬ֳĳܡЩһףͳ־ˡ
кɽѧǣСɴһﳾܹǺ峿ֱ磬ͨıӣСƨȭͷվԶ´㣬гˣ
ٺ٣ⲻż㣬Ǹһ˵Ǻˣȥء
͹ȥˣһȥ峿һȥ˺ڵӣѾ˴ϵ˽⿪ӡ
̾ںǰͷ
峿ƲƲ죬ˡ
Ҳӣֱż£˵㿼Ǻˡ




71.  ʮһ  ͦ   Խ

ŴĴСĺ, ´ģҲǻģЪӿǽ, Ź⣬ϵı顣
ҿǺˡһɵɤ𡣡

峿, һ, һ
˲ǽͷĻ, ȼ½ӣվ˵ǰϸϸĴˡ
߱, ϸۣ԰׵ɫƤʺܺãһǽĺӡ
ҪЩȻõģȻαװһ·ûԶٿࡣ
峿֧壬˸ͷ, ҪȻҲ˵ˣɤ, Ҳ֪ôŪִƵġ
֪ǲǹ̫ۣ۾, ϸ, ֻʶĶ峿̲ס̧ˡ
, ֮±˸ţȣŭĿӡ
Ǹųˡ峿ĵĵû취ʵ̫һ˫۾ˣ˵ģӿһͷ꣬ˡ
˵ģϸĻ۾񣬾ҲиֵԽԽô죿

Ͼû˫ŭԵ峿óĿŷѣǸ⳥
һʾͽӹ˵ˣ޷ģԷ⣬ҿ԰ʯĵļСɽ룬㣬ǡ
һɽӣڶ뿪֮ǰ˵ĻʳǸ𡣡
峿Ա߰£ڶ׼ȷʱ䣬ȻסϰʮҲ㣬ϱӣ
ôܣϾǸˣܲô̼ǶסģҺҲ̰ͼ㼸ٷ
Ŷ˼ǿʳѣ
ŴǺһ˵ʯǻʳѡԣŪҡ
УǰɣԼס峿ȥЩԼҲѵ׼á
ҵĵϣõ
УǩԼɣõҺõﱸ峿ͣ½ŲҪ˵һ䣬Ȼɽ϶Ѿ˵ʯ벻¶ˣҲ֪ڸ¶ɽܣ֪˲֪ģǵñսͣȻҲȲ㡣
겻мҶǵûȤȿȣɶȻһˣӷѰɣ࣬һ롣
ûУֻкףڹԼȥУǲҵˣ´ٸô˵ҴĹȣ峿ҪǺ˾͹ɻһˣڴ϶˲
걻ɫǺ죬ָ峿ţŮôô죡
ǣ㲻Ϊʯֵĸһµʳɣɻȥ峿ɨסˣǣԺѲ߶ӣպҵһѲɽ
峿Զ˲Ű³һ
үǸﲻɽԭ˰ɣ
үСˡ߹صˣЩϵɷС
үô죿һãƾɶǣ
ٸүɿ𣬲ԣˮҲԷҵҪͦ죬
ܹܣͲˣôɿˣ˵ĲʵүҲһѣȻĴһҲûлüү˵˰ͷһĵ
ܹˣүģ޷ģ£òͷοС˵öԣʯĵóȥҲδܻһµĿ
վʱҲүСľܹ˵ĶԣΣȿԱܿЩ׷ٵˣֲõĿ⣬治ү֮壬ƽȹΪүͷ˱𡣡
ˣһܿɲΪ˹ӵģ׬һݡ֮ģү
֪Ǻģ⻰˵ˣֻܴӦǸСȻŶѡָĲˣչ˺ԼҲȥĹ£Ѳ߶Ӱɡ֮ǿʵĺͶģֻҪԷõĿúܣֻҪﱨûʲô̵ġ
үģҪȻǻطɡ
˵иݸΪɶȥͶүλ˾ˣ
ŰܹʹɫҪΪ˳ܣҲϴ󲮵ˣȻѾˣҲûҪˡ
Ե״̰æ

ʲôŶ峿Աߣһ߿Ÿףһߴŵϵ
г峿Լǰǵðӡ˵óİɣˡ
ңóĶˣ黭峿񣬺ӣʵش𣬡Ҽǰ̼ң˴򽻵֮ģҶԣҪҵĻгԽҰæ׼׬貧
ߣͲ󣬵ͦʡ




72.  ʮ     ͷɡ

˵峿Ƥ, Զ㣬ͷһӵζҿҪˡ
ŵ৵һº͸, ĴϺƵã޴Ŀ, ϴͷ, ûˮ
峿治ǹ, ǣŮȫ˹ͷ, ÿϸɴһ飬ţζһ㲻ԼǲˣҪҲȥɴͷҪûҪرעģҸ˰ɣҵպܺõġ
ʶˣ巢֮ĸ, Ѿûеˣͷ
Ŷ, Ǿˡ峿ϧʵͦ뿴Ϲͷ, ǵ, ԺҸǰʱһԶҵıӱȽ
ȷ, ˣҲǸѿʵʵ˵ͷҿһ¡
峿֣гϣȻѡ˸ѧ
ЩһѧϰҲô˽⣬ֻѧһ飬ȥʵڷŲļЩŮӣȥʵ̫Ӳģʣµ߰˸Ͳˡ
ѧЩˣͷȥ¶ɶҲ㣬ҲҪˡ
˸ѧŤŤģˤһԡ
Ҫǣ³Կࡣ
ģ峿ȥˣǻѧ
峿ӦҪӲ͵ģΪ߷أˡ
׼õҩˮ·һĻƹϣѻƹϸˣ˰ʧˮ֣žǳ;Ķ
ѻƹϺҩˮ϶ʾϵˡ
³ϵˣʣµһ
ǼֻȫɱҲԵģʲôģҲԸˡ
ɽİ·編ƵĴһӵĻƹϣͬʣµҩˮ·Զ
ɽô˻ô𣿡
ûУЩſֵ·Զ˵ƵģҿѾнų̿ȵˡˣиһˣǲûס
峿֪̾˭ˡ
㡣תӵǰ棬һɱ
Сֱ̡˵Լճ̣Ҳ˵֣峿ɴͺСˡ
ٺ٣ѹˣ֮ǰĳˣͣѿˡСͷϻŸɺԵѪҲ⺢ӽȻ˰²մˮҲû͸ɵѪ
Ҫ١ݲһ㣬ʯûж⣬֪Ͷұ峿Ը˽á
Сգ۾۵ƤһںƤʵҫۡ
һ㡭ɽߣȥɽңҪߣȻץɲҡ峿˵˸ˡ
һ峿˺ɽС̻ϣһһһ
СûжʣúӸǮ㣬ûʲôҪģ´Ҹ
ҵļĻЩҿûƹϺϸ㻻С̼һ㣬סׯϣȱʳĿԼͣŴֻҲܿȱˮԼˮЩϡĶ
㣬㣬Ūϣ̵ģԲԲĴϣɫȿ𣿡С̵ɴ۾¿ˮҪˣ㣬ҪϣھҪϣ˵ɣǮһ򡣡
ˡ峿ĵ࣬һʮ׼߼۵ģҿ֧ԮֵķϣŻݼ۸һʮӡ
˵ģ˵ʮˣʮҲǮ򲻵
ȿȣȻ㺰һ㣬һ
С̣һ
ʯعϽ·Զиɶ¶ÿ
ԣصùϵҪ
صĸ峿ϸ۲Щ˼ҵĹܼңЩ˻ûС̵ƣʣȻСԵЩûҪˡ
лл㡣Сһ㲻⣬õģʣµĶҰɽ㣬Ժ׽㡣
ˣһ峿Ҳϻһʮӡ
Ӹӣ峿ǵţ˸û˵ĵضϣÿ϶ʮأʮһԲ
ҲԸģȻڵֲֲôͷġ
ϸȥûſ£ֱȿһӰٽصĺۡ
С̺ӵϾþûز
㣬ϣ
ѽҪ㿪һ峿Ц
ǲУȵҶˡС̻Źϣ㣬Ȼˡ
һ¡ǰϣ峿ʱһ׵ϱûһһͳˡ
űͣ£װϣȱɡ
㣬лл㡣С¶ģ´ʱֻ
С̣峿ɽ·Զٵ϶ˣҲ򲻳ֳڲڣҲ֪ŲʢǽܸܲϻЩҩݵӣ
һŵľ峿һۿŵڳڣأ
㣬ͷɡżѵ˵




73.  ʮ  Ϸ˵л   һֻ򣬡

ȵ, ŰԴϸƵãѹ, ȻûӼˡ
̣ģ峿ʵ, ĸĺҲûС
ͷ, ŵҪȥõ, ҿš
û⣬峿ţĵ˾, ʲôʱø𣿡
ãҴ峿ܸϻ峿˶ˣȻԸˡ
峿ûʣŻˣ˯ȥ
ڶ峿峿ŽŲʢôҲûˣԹҪɽæճ˾, ȻԸɶ
վǶ˻ûҲΪԼ, ˵ɡ
ɽ£·Զһ˷ܵӭ, С, ̼ׯϷЩЩ࣬Ҳ֪Ƿ¡˼Ъš
ȥ峿Щ, ֮ǰҲС˵иĸֻ˼岻ãôͻȻͶˣ
ѵΪյϣ
λǴС㣬λǳϷ˵ܼҡ·Զָ˷ڣһͷܸߣ彡׳ϹЦݵӵɽѾûˮˣ޷ݲ裬¡
ܼҿˣˮԴݲ衣ܼһͦӵġ
˺꣬峿żɽʵ֪Ϸ£
ܼ˹֣ϷҴл͸үҸϺ𣬺ǿɿڣϷθںõĺܣ˰뷹Ҫлˡ
ܼҿˣ֮Ͱˡ峿ڰ֣ϷϲͺãͷˣһСš
ܼЦЦǾˡү˵СҪׯϸպжģϷ˵һ⣬ܹӼһֻԼʮֻ
·ԶóȻù̫עˣЩںɽţѲ߶Ӱտˡ
峿ףллϷˣֻЩ̫ˣԶҸļֵҲܾô£мۡ
峿ЦеģˣôණûһҲʮӣʹĲУʳңԼС̣ʣµȫ
Ϊˡӡ򲼵ȵȣҪ²ٵĽĿӶûˡ
۳С׬˶ʮɰûȺֵͳˡ
С㣬ʲô˼ǳ̼𣿡ܼ
ûС峿ͷŴôҪӵ𣿡
ҾǾ̫ˣҲûϷɶæ
ôûУܼϴЦͺղ˲Ϸʳ񣬶ķѣʮֿθŷϷ˲ųŹӵģҪģԺзѺϣͶϷЩ
˼һ˵ˣ峿ûپܾһ£ȥ
Ÿģǰ׼˼ϣȸ̼˰ɣϾ治Ƿ顣
·Զߺ£峿ֵɽûôɣԼɽϿ˻ĵأصͺĺ֮ģһСؿˮ̶ˮԴȽϳ㣬ЩģĻܼܲܰæЩӡ
Ҫʲôģ
ҲԽԽã⣬йӣҲҪЩȻ˿ڣ峿Ƥĳ
ҲֲСҪôʲôҹһ㶼磬Ƚ׻ӵĻרһеģ
ûˮҾҲɰ峿ЦŵҾռӣΪԺ׼һжȺ˵
УͷһὫׯӶװЩ
̫࣬һһҲûϵ
ӵ¶㶨峿¿ϷʳĻ˷ѵ֮⣬ƤϵƷֲ̫ãƤʵȥƤĺмһ׵г裬ɿڣʮֿθˣǴϸ˿ˮ˿۲һζʮֲ
·Զû峿ܼû˵ֻϳˣ
ܼýζ˵ֽϸĲ¼
·ԶˣŸ¨ֻϣȻûС̵ôһ߰˽
ܼҳԾѣڽļģΪ޴󡣡
峿ε½ҪˣԼҵİףԲѣоϻ˵̫ˣһҪʮԲ
òױһ׻Դܼң峿Ѽ͸ˡ
ܼһҪɹһЩʳ峿Ͻ·ԶҸڶˡ
ɾѣѵø߸ߵ·Լ̫ˣóֽڡɹϵһдϡ




74.  ʮ     ˲Ϣ

嵰ѾԺ, Ͻִϡ
֪ǲΪˣԸо±ǰҪЩ, ɸĺܡ
峿ٴȥɽ¡
Զٵզֵġ
·Զȥ˲֪ԭֳˡ
ֳ˻, ˵Ӧõ͵Щ, Ӻɽá
ǹٵȫ, ȵɽͱ˸˸飬ʱҲûбҪߺɽˣһǻĸȥҲסǡ
ȻѾ֪, Ųʢ˸ɴ˳Źٵʯ룬ŵ·Զ̴żӭŰѳ̧
峿šüͷûŪյĳɣôΧҲǰ취ϾͷȱľǺ۲Ͷߡ
ѵģ߸ߵģҪôòҪôװ, ֻܿ߸ߵİʳ˲, ͷ˽Ĳ²ţĽ, , š
峿ЩģЩ˵̫ˣǲװ, ˵ȫӡ
вǴ׵ġ
峿
ˡ
ĸ·Զʹɫ·ԶסʾŲʢȲҪߣ⵱˵һ¶ƺõҩݣô˻ᣬ˵ۿŶҪˣһ䣬ʱð˶࣬ҽҲǰЩ˺ҩϾ꺵ôأҩ϶ȱ
ٴһǴ׵޲̾һɽϳЩ⣬ǵļ˺ͺӣ֮ǰ˴ȥļʮӣûǮòֱֻ˵İײͷܲŪЩҶԼȾһ£ȻɫҲ̫ѿ
·ԶӦԵôã峿
һ˵ĺģ³øȥˣ۵Ҳˡ
·ԶϻѴϣһɽ
ʱ򲻺ߵģмĿյոպùһֳģЩˣɽ˶ڣ˶յĹͰѻж
ҩ򣬰ײøĸ֣ʯһǽǺɽΧһ飬ЩɽʣµȫŽֿ
ӣҩҵĲ࣬ûҩУҽٵҩȫȥͷĸҩõĻҵҲӿҩĵģ˵ζӡʡ桢㡢ǡġ
Щ߲纮ϵ󣬶ǿʳԣá
ȥһ˸ˡ
ؾ븮ǣĻһ·̣ڼʯһ·Ҫһܵ˵ֳĻٶȿ϶Ȳһ·ȥʵǲ֪ûҵ
ٺö峿سǵļš
С㣬Ϊ֮꣬ǰöˣûʳöӶǿʼˣؤˡ
ǿɲסıûмˣǷǳҵģûӻòǮȻ˶ӡ
οﻹר÷ӻ˺üٽĺȥΪ˽Ӽա
ľ۵꣬ǿġ
峿ǿбסЦŲʢ˵ǰ˵ģרЩʣɶö˵ˮǴҲֲ֪ɣĶŪˮȥͦϣлƹϵģˮʣҲϲܱҲʡ
峿ͷտʼЩƹء
о쵽ˣС۵ǰ׼ˣʵѾǰһЩʮֵ׺˾Ҫǳſڵʿ໥δܰʱлԶ֪ʲôɫҰס
ŲʢһۣС㣬̫ãʱЩ˸պöϣԭЩ˿ؿ˸СţֻʿţûûþͼĻȻͶ˼
ſڵǳûãóìͱ񣬳ǽͷرǼƲãŲǰ
֮˸ϳˣһʿ˰·۷ȥ
С㣬Щߵ񣬸ӵ׺ǡ
ŲʢֹЩ£걻µʱ¶ʱΪá
峿ڰ֣£¶зִ硣
Ⲩ֮ô׺Ϊǵӵļѣûаպʱڻʳˮʱ·ȵûû˲ѰѾˣЩûµĶѻΪһgܴԶߵģҪôбµģҪôմ˲֪ģһ֣Ʋ硣

峿ȥҩˮʱ򣬿ŵͣ˺ˣ˵峿һֹȥҲû˻
峿һ˲ǲ͵͵ܵˣ
ַܿˣҪܵĻûҪͷҲܿߡ
һʱ޷жϣɴະˣӴţŰѵĶˣߵģ˵糿ǵҲûˡ
ɫ˲ˣ鼱֮£ӴţѿڶǾԲǵģ¶ˣү϶ǳ¶ˡС㣬ȾҼү
ӴţصһǰʣµҲŹҪǮƵĿͷûԴϾѪˡ
أ
峿ʹɫҸϽ˷̶ĿӴţ㵹ǿ϶ĺܰˣ֪ܵĶʼҰɣ
Ӵţԥ߶ʮһһһأպһҹ
ߣɻģֻҪүûߣҿ϶˸һǸͷߵɫ
˶Ļҵÿ졣Ӵţ˵
ҵȻ֪峿ûķۣȻɽ
ɽ峿˰ѧгӽгõĸվ
г
Ӵţɫ˱䣬ӿһɸм֮飬¶ҵү֮һúõĸɻ
ָӴţһֳ
źɽȥ˹ٵ峿˵ţĸ֪ɣҹȥ˶ʮӣ˵ý峿ֱҲûӰǻ·¶ĸ񣬾ڿﵽʮǸûкŵټûеĻһңûĸطǲŶģûеĻ·ϸһ飬ҵˣ·֪ͨҡҸÿˣ˻
ĸСͷݸ¸µСĺܣ㣬ǿ϶Ѻظҵ
гᡢٶȿ죬ûһͿӰˡ
峿ֳʾӴţϳǵٶЩӴţָ㣬·ϸš
·ߵһʱǰһг֮ǰһ÷ɿϢˡ
ӴţȲ³ɱӭ꣬ҵҼүˣ
³ӣѾ㣬ˣظԴһ˺öѪҲȥˣڿţһ֪ͨ㡣
Ӵţϳ
С㣬󡣡
峿ѳѸԸƶǰͷ·
ԼүӴţ÷ɿ죬ľͷӸоҪɢƵá
ھ벻Զʱǿˡ
ŵ·ߣԴһѪԴϲŲѪѾˡ
Ӵţ˱źã峿źˣκѾȻԣвѡ
Ӵţһߴ󺺺µֱĨᣬţүүѰ
ˣϽɽ˰峿һưĿԽȥԽã㡣
ӴţĨᣬ峿ָĸƣʾҲϽߡ
ϣһʱڻصɽϣϽˣʧѪ࣬˻š
ӴţģԸȥɻһֱںԱߡ
峿ҲûˣʵͦĽģиΪԼģǺ¶
¶ʲ١
Ӵţţ峿ûչˡ
ҲãһˣҲòƵĲҩм貹Ѫĺڶӡ
ΪҪҩһͰˮ峿ԸˣûϣѾ˲ˡ
ǰ峿ӴţûѣҲ㣬øҸ׼ɽϻΣһжˣǱܵס𣿡
Ӵţ׵ĸƵôݣС㣬ү϶ѾЩˣȻһүŵġûκεļֵ
аɣĻ¶һ̰ѺŽȥСڡ
С㣬ˡӴţЦұ֤ûΣգҲ۵ǡ

峿ɲģֲûǰơ
Թɽ˭˸·Զ˵ˣ߾裬עϲҪȫ˯ˣҪֳЩҹ
ɽҲͬˣѲ߶ߣ峿һ˸һſһϣ㣬Ҫ˯ˣҹѲӣ滻
峿һҹҲû˯һֻǸªĲt̨ϣעɽ
¹⣬Ұ
һҹȥʲôҲû֣ûߣҲûеɱ֮ġ
͸һ˿ʱȥ֪ͨ
˿ϢС




75.  ʮ  ٱ   Ұѡ

վڲt̨, ɢȥĹٵȫͷ

Ͻɽ·ԶͼһԴĺС, ˣǽʿ͵, ˸׺һ, ľ͵, Щÿţ˵̫, ǸУξվæ˵û˸ɧˡ

ϡɧšˣ峿ˡ

ȲſţǳԺ÷ûо͸Ͻȥԣš

·ԶĴ¼˴ͷУξУξ˵һҪЩط

֮ʣµ֮һɽѲߡ峿˵óһʯĸͼ, ǰŻģܼ, Ǳɽɽһʮɽù, ɽŵ֮Ѳ, Ż

һٸ˷һʮ, һӣֳʮ򣬰ʱֻһΣʱУξ˵꿴峿СΣ

ԣбҪ𣿡

һٰʱṩˣһᱣֻ֤Ҫһգû˸¶

УҿԱ֤Ҳϣ˵ҲҵҪ󣬵һ˴ɽڶ¶Ǳ̳֣񡣡峿ҲϾôٱǴѪΪֻйܷ

ǣ

ҪһʹӶѣ˵ϣ˼һŻݼۣʯʳ

ʳָ׺Щϸһڼۣ˻۵ġ

ȻıҲôռģʯʳԣǱڶʮ죬٣°ԩͷˣԷּۻ۰죬ʮ죬˴һ£Էɢ

ôǵģȻЩǺðףһվɱˡ

ܿ죬ʣµĶʿųʮСӣΧ˸ʵôðȫˣУξҲûţųìÿŹٵվڡ

ĩˣУξ˵ռˡ

ʵжǮûа׻

峿Цͷȷʵ

ҲĻֹͨϰȱˮȱӪһȱУξҲǸˣšӸţʮգ׬ʯϸͷתҲãɺ֮ĴҲã¶ˣҪһò¡

ҪǸݣ˵ʯϸʯĻƽЩҲҹĴ׽˽ҪܵõģҲʱڣͷĽһֻ۱һֻּۣ¡



θ·̫׺ˣöûüߵģǲԸߣѰصİǣ˲;ñš

峿վſ˻ķֲ̫ԾﲻһʱҲûܾЩ͸һֵķΧ

ѵصʿڣ峿Щ񣬽·Զȫ̴ÿ֣ɽ

ӾɽѲӣɽ˶ˣŵĲᣬﲻҳֵɽһ°

峿ЦĽһ飬ǴһǺܺ£ô˵Ըȥֻա

ŵǸӣͿӴţҲڴ̽ͷ̽Ե͵

û˭㣬뿴ȥ¡峿޷Ŵ˶ڵٵģʿη壬ֻ۾һ͡

Ӵţزӣյ峿ǰǿʿզŪ㿴ɽģ

ҲˣҲó峿ڵ𣿡

ûСӴţ˲ήˣż۾Ҫ޵ӣ峿üͷֱһߵġֵ˿ÿ˵۾뿴Ҫٿһ£ҾͰѺӳȥŲţ

ӴţϽɲס۾

أѵҸҡ峿ںѲѵĳ˵ĹˣǾ͸ˡ

үû

峿৵һ°ǩԼԹȥϽңҸպҪȥ˳ͻˡ

Ӵţȫһ飬ȷүǩӡ£Լ峿鷳Сȳȥһ£Ϊҵ

һ峿õʯĵĲڷطˡ

˵治֪·Զе֪ʯȻʱƣཨȫ˼ҵģ˵ѲĻø

峿ȻԸˣ

ʳҲһ˭ǣãã˺ĶǸȥ

ͷĵַһǶʮǰˣ˵׼׼ǶؼǣطԶʡˣʱпɲǡ

Ϊŵֵá

ʵڲоͶǮԺһˣ˫û뵽Զţһ׮¡

ʮ

ĸպã峿Ժӣϴš
Ժһһͷգۼ䣬ٷգȥֻʣһ
˷ȵʱ֣ԺѻСɽߵĺ
ʱŪˣӲͨ
˯ȥɽתһȦЩҲЩ֣˭֪˲飬òҪ
峿Ҳûǿ󣬵ˣȵĲˣҲøȫϡ
һͷǸФУξҧ䣬˵в
峿һ
תͷ˸û˵ĵطʮϣӻƹϣϣһӷѣȻʿФУξæᡣ
Ӵ԰ˮأФУξĿˮֱʱЩóȥ裬㶨ɶ۰
ȵط֪ˡ峿ָǰѹϹ·ԶǵϢ䣬ȻЩʿæ˺ȫФУξ桪Թϣ
ФУξһԳֱʿˮôõĶֱӳˣ
峿ЦЦȻأСϣ࣬ҶҪ˭ʣҵˣͷǵҵĺá
ǳԣǲǺã۵ڶֹĳǣФУξ̵ķʡԸ˵ǱСİôģ
ȿȣǿǣ˵ѾûЩϹҲǵĺãҪ㣬طΧ񶼵öŶӣÿ컹֪ҪˣǣʵҲˣÿһ࣬ʮָͷģҪǻˮģСѾͷФУξƤ꣬۰Ͱ͵ĳ峿ٳϹˣϽһ԰
峿̧̧°ͣŶˣФУξûйҲпͣһˣЩϹ̹̹ɡ
ФУξ͵ԱߵʿüЦѸײڶ֮Ƴȥգ۵Ĺ򣬵ϾͿˡ
·Զ޴ĳԼϴ󣬻ԡ
ȿȣٸ͡峿ڰ֣ûһԵĶԲģ˭ҲûٳԣϽԼλȥ
ǵˡ·Զߺ峿ûĿűϲֵФУξֻáѪˡԺг׵Ļˡ
ȿȣͦÿģҼšФУξҧһػƹϣŴϣͷĴӡ
ѾЩϹҪĻɶۣ
峿תĵģмһһȻĶŻݡ
ФУξͷһϣ𰡣
ӣҲ
զŻݷ˵˵
ɶ˵ģ˵˺һ峿һۡ
٣ѻ˵㿴ܲ𣡡ФУξĨͣ˵ܸɶŻݣҪǼ۸ãҸ򡣡
峿ЦȴĳФУξ㡭ˣˣȻҾ͸㣬ĳһǧ֧ĻֻҪٽҲ˵һϡ
ФУξĬĬţʮľϣҲ˵һֻҪʮģϴһʮһģȴʿһյˮˣؼǣģô룬ⶼǸⱾ
ФУξ峿ӽ˹ķѵֹʮİɣԸ⣿
һʼҲĺ¶һ֣֮ôȻģȻⱾ
Ͷôͼɶ
ǲбĴ㣬ǸҪܶǮиƨãǼϲ
Ҫ˵ռɣ͸ˣһ̫ˣÿûʮ궼ܲһ̫ˣɼ֪ô;ܾܿǹɶӳ
Ѿ⻰Щ϶ܱˣͺԻˣⲻ
ԣͼɶ
ѵͼ
ФУξλԴˣˣͲǶӵǿϡ
Ը⣬ѾȫȨôԡ峿˵ȻҲʲô˶ġ
˵ҪĻ𣿡
Ȼˡ峿𾴵Ǿˣǿر߹أʮһգҺЩϹ͸ǣκɽߵԶҲǾˣȻפر߹صĽʿͣͬΪǰȫʱȴսΪǣǲƽƬϣ˵ǣ͸ǣȿȣһϣҲԸġ




76.  ʮ  ͼɶ   ²Ϸ࡭

ФУξ, ˣ۸͵Ҳûˣ˾ǸͲͯӰ, Ħ°ͣǷʳ, ʿǳԲ, յĲֲ, ⲻֳɵô
ֵʳǱĽʿⲻһ, ôɶֲǸλá
֮ͨФУξüЦã峿Ǿ͸һֿƵá
УһὫĻתǽĻҲҪһǧ˵ģˡ
峿˶, ФУξԶһЩ, Ҫҿ϶Ū
˵ǵʳʱϷ˱ô, ʱʣı, ͸𣿡
ܣѹûⶫˮûУƾձ䲻
ٿǿǣ
, ʣµģҲҵġ峿ն
ðɡФУξЩźһγҲջˣлˣллǡ
һġ
УһǧϲСĿǰ׼ˡ
ģѾڰ·ˡ峿ڵҪҪ׼ǵļɵĶˡ
û⡣
ФУξһߣʣ峿һˡ
һԶЩʿЦФУξѹ˵
ĺأεû˵ɵĻˡ
Ҳǹռ˴ء
¶Ҫ˵ռˣ˭ҲƲѽĿ׬ٽ
϶һʳֳˡ
У׬Ǯĵط
еĵˣĲҲˣ̫ˣ⣬޸Ĵĵطܰ˶Ūɽɽ·߳Ҳ㰡
峿ԽԽ˷ܣ񿴵Ľڳ֣˼֮󣬳еĳӱ鲼ĳʱ˿Ӿͻ
·ԶͿСЦһմЦʵС㣬ɶ¶ôˣ
һ⣬ȷʵֵء峿ЦŽФУξĻ˵һ顣
·ԶĳԼС㣬һʻͼɶ
ȿȣ˵û˼ĳһ˵ձ߹ʮѾһ֮£֮ˣͼɶ峿ۡ
˭֪·Զһ𾪣̴͵͵ҿȻŻص˵ûŴ󣬡СС㣬Ǹ뷨Ļʱ¶ˣǲǾǴ֮ˣǲҲӽˣ
峿
ô֮ӽ²Ϸ˰ɣ
ĸ˼ˣ
ģղǻû˼ҪѾԲˣϾ˸ܸڿӲǣ
ϸһ飬û尡
·ԶԹӣ
ǣȵȣܹܣ̫Զˣʵĺܣû˵뷨ɱ˵л
ţף֪֪֪֪·Զ͸ǰ˸ߵĶҪǱЦø͵ȵĺƵãˡ 
峿һӵĿԼĴܹܣͦʵһˣզһ쵽췴¶أ
ûٽͣ¶õĽ취Ҫᣬ˭Ҫᣬ֪
·Զϸʾʯʯ죬֮ǰһ۸ԼŰ죬֮ǰ͹

ۿŰȥ峿ԺﻹûŪĺ·Զһɽ
·ڵӣ峿һۣŻţӴţԱ߿ţôҲ˿Ѱ
ǰԺѳСɽԹ·Զʯʯ죬Ϊɽ¶һȻܶ࣬ʱҲ鲻衣
ФУξʮ֮ǰѲ߶ӵҲϢˣ֣һʮˣʯ壬ټͣһʱܽˡ
ţһӣûá
ҵĻˡ
ûһӣյĹФУξʹˣһ˱һӵʯ졣
峿⣬ĸģжǸܸܵġ
ִţ峿˻ˡ
ֵµ˸ɣФУξ峿˾Ūÿ԰
Ūãʱģɽԭ˸ɵġ
Щˣ
Ȼ˻ѣԴ£˵ĸ˿ˣһǴһѷĩȥȫЪˣȻΪĸ˽ʮô㣿
ŵ֮ǾͰȫЩһµҪ޵ġȻҲȫˣ˵ģԼףǸɱˣʣµľͷˡ
١
ФУξЦЦָԶһ̯ӣǾǸʲôӳ




77.  ʮ     治

û峿ͷ, ֽ嵰гؼעⱣܡ
ФУξü, ҷҪأ
ǾͿ£Ҳ峿
𼤶, Ҿôһ˵, ҶֳûȤ, ˵ٴ󣬻ܴ𣬶һ٣
峿һ, ȿڣ嵰Ѿˣ壬̫ܼˣ󰡣Ϊ˭ƵǮҼͦ࣬һ׬ҲٰɣҼҵڶڡֳɷ, һĳˣĻ, гವľ, ܵĻ, ϧһ̫СȻҿ϶㿴гܵж죡
峿̲סüģԴӼʶг﷨֮, 嵰׳гʵ˿ֳгûȱ㡣
ФУξЦЦ㴵ţɣ㣬ǳİɣûôܱܵĿ졣
嵰ͷ⻰˵ȷʵûȷʵû󣬿ǽ˵ˣ⳵ܵı죬벻ֻͨıסȣ㣬˵ĲԣгԲԣ
ԡ峿ĿФУξΪгܵÿ쿴ĿɲСʮĲ˵ҪȤĻһ¡
ԡФУξԾԾԵ
롣
ĳжʮ򵱱ģгֳ϶ҪģϾʮ˳ԺȴãôӱĵطǱڵĿͻȺȻܷŹ
ﻹмѧϰǹԾִٵĺѾ㡣
Ф壬뿴ǵֳг˭ʾ£
Ѿ㣬һŮԵФУξ̲סǳ鴤ȫǹͷ
ԣɾ峿޵ɨһԴͺĲ˵ˣҪǸֲͷƤ²㣬ͷȡˡ
ҶФУξҲϰˣɴʱ峿ɨһۣȻͷƤĳӴԴǿŲûͷ

гɽλޣܷſƽʯ·ٶһ²ʵ֡峿ԶɷŮ˵
гٶȼһǵ˻ˣЯƷ
£ԱѾŮŴװˡ
ҾöʮڵģҪЯƷģг
ˣгȫ¾ûвȥģȴԱФУξ˵ôõĳӣֻ߶ʮ̫˷ˡ
峿ǳ鴤ôһ˵ôȥȥĶ
ԣФУξĦȭƣȳͣ¾ͳ˹ȥ
ѧսǰͷճѵŲȵɲס
ǼϢȥ̽ôá峿żŮŬŬ죬ֳҲʾһ
ЩкФУξ峿Լ¶嵰Ĵдû̻Ѿû
嵰Сʱ㣬ѾñҲҪˣ˵ü鶼ᡣ
峿գѾдĺÿΪɶдĸƵãг̣ѾҪɶˣҪѾһ˾͹ˡ
Ҫ㣬嵰ҲҪҡ
ɶɣֻ棬Ҫɶã峿
㣬ھȥѾ̱ĺӣһලţ˭ҪǲúѧҾ͸˵
ԡιСһıǵ˱˻԰ɡ
嵰峿͵һͳ֡
ĶΨֻ
Ҫģֻץʱյ㡣
ʱ󣬴ɽʯɽʯ˳ϡ
峿˽ĸŸװͨʯɽ
ԭгðԲФУξ״гŻſڵϿʯ졣
г𣿡
ԲУרøֳġ峿ڽ͵
ФУξĵİֳҪԣ峿ҲţֻҪŪ⡣
ڹˣԺʳҲˡ
ɽҪϢˣǸϽɽɡ峿ˣɽϼǸ棬Щ˲¡
ʵˣֵҹ𣿡
ģ۰ϣûҵ˭ҲϲɽϢ
꣬·Զǰţޣ鷳Ǽһˡ
ȥȥȣʡ
ԺУԼȥɡ峿۾̧˵
ФУξʾıǰϡ
ĸЩ˴η壬峿嵰״ŷԺĶʮϱˣĸһԿһ仰˵
峿
Ҳô£ֻ۾һ
ФУξǲ
㣬ҲҪϡ嵰Ѿ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
峿ô죬Լҵãóš
ϣʮһֳˡ




78.  ʮ  ֻ   Ȿˡ

ΪɽפŹٱ, ٵȫ峿˯Ҳ˯š
һҹڲt̨Ͼ䵽
ϢĶʮѲ߶Ա, ˸t̨ʣµʮ˷൹, Ѳɽ 
ط·Զ, ƤŲס, ֻϽ˯
˭֪ʱӴţҴס峿ߡ
, һҹû˯ɶ¶˵ȥ峿˦ĸ첲֪үˣ˸øȥҡ
Ǽү˵ҪǲͷˣѵӴţ峿żӿҪˣҲ֪Լүɶ裬ͻȻҪ, Ŷ졭Ҳ֪ܲܳķ, ˵зҪױȻһһ弦, һ, Ͳֱˮ
Ǻǣ˵ھͷڣ, ĸˣǷķǮˣܵĶң峿ۣҲͦƵģС˰Ȼҷڣ
Ҫڵ͸ӲĲתɽͷˡ
ԽԽò̫ԣѵȥһʲôˣ˵ʲô
˼Ƭ̣Ӵţνŵʱ򣬡߰ɣҸȥ
ҪŸʲô
ӴţֱҪϲˣ˵ģôɽͷǰŴ壬ŵģҲϣԸµɽͷĸãүһ˯ͿˣСȰȰһס
峿һգŵſڣſǽϣڷ磬ɫ԰ף
ߵǰӸµĿŲˣͷųѹ˵㷴ڣҪֻص
ҡҡ׹ŴȿȰ죬ŵӹܼңȳȥŹϣҸСЩҪ˵
ӴţԼүٳ峿Щԥ
ȥɣҲˡ峿
Ӵţһ죬źˡ
ˣˣ˵ʲô˵ɡѾ˼ָӴţҪ˵ʲô
峿Ǻš꣬Ȼۣȴ۾˲䱬ȵ
⣿
峿̲סĶͷҲȰô˵ˣ
ץס֣һ˳Լ˫ֽ§סʧõĸо̼ȴţܱɱ˺ƣҲɱƮѩһͷ弶ˣһš
峿𾪵ĿտյĲ֪ηӦծĻЦֺЦһץžİؿ£ռұˣ弶ˣҾȥҡ
˦֣峿Ŀ꣬ţԶҲʤң
ǳ鴤ȴû֮ɫȴַɿɿǷһ弶ˡ
Ʒת䣬һžӨ͸׶ξƾճ
峿ˣˣֻҡ
㲻Ҳ𣿡Ȼ˵ˣˣҲװˣ̧߿̺ӣɢĿǽϣб۳峿
ǣģδοδζǷ򣬵꣬ŷֽԼֱѾһһȥˡ
ȿȣ㣬ô峿װͰ͵ȭͷҪǸҷϣպûٴһȭͷѽ
ݲУŲÿ֪ŮɶϽͶҵĴ
峿ź֣һﷴӦ̫ˡ
ôģȻҲҾЦ
ȿȣˣҲЦˣϽ˵ɣȵȣȸңܵЩˣ˭ˣūرӦˣʮôྦྷˣһɶûˡ
ųǾô峿Цˣ̯ģٴγһѵľˣҿſŶ弶ϡ
峿Ѹײڶ֣֮κεͷһ֣΢Ĺâеľʧһա
ǣ˶Ǵӣ
ǣŮ˾ҵĲƸ
Цһתȥ
ȿȣɶ˵ģɱ˺ƺƮѩ
˽֪ͬԷıԣѾǰˣǰ̲׷ѾˣҪЩɷ羰ˡ
ûУҲûУǷ
ռﶼɶΪɶռأܻ𣿻Уô֪ҵģ峿
ŵŮ
Ȿˣ˵һΡ
峿һְԴԼвЧ˵
һԭļ䣬֪㿪꣬ܣ벻ת֪Ҫκһһ
ǰһ˸ΣμѪҵĿ㣬һϽѵͼ˶һˣֹЩʡ
ƭˣҾԲ£峿ȭͷݺݵص




79.  ʮ     ˺

ڿռΪɶ, ҾÿΪþ󶨵ԭ򡣡˵̧֣ϸβָһöɫĽֳָ
öָﺬһʮƽ׵ľ޴ռ䣬Ҳû, һƥұĵһ
, ôģ峿
˯һˡһĲͷ, ûûǰ, ʾշѣ
زūδ㣡峿Цط, ŵ
Ů˺͹ɱ㣡Ц˺
ĵ̣峿ӭļһȭͷϣ
εڴϵˣ峿ˤˡ

һ·ڵɽܶͷ, ź֪š
ưģŻ, ɲԭȵС˰۵СƨˣǸĩҲˮĴ, ֮ǰųЦ, ˣøϽѵ֡
ȻƾźǼҪ۵ġ
ѵ, ʱľˡ
ţϽ·Զȥ¶ţ˳ȥɽȱɶ
·Զһߣɽ¾ֻԶˡ
Ѿ죬ڷȲ裬ŶԹϾˡ
˵Ȳ裬峿ǰЩ廨ŵСģԭֻһˣûô࣬ɺŴſռİҲ֪ɶ뵽һȭͷҪԵɶŵôѪˡ
ˣǳԹϰɡ
һ磬㵽Էʱˣ峿ϽԼøףճһڣűƿǺţ峿ͷҲ̧ļԡ
ȫ򣬳𣿡ϺðģռС䷿ӵĿȫ峿ʿˮƤۣڼĩɶõζ֮һ
ռϷ磬һṆ̀Ӳ֮ǰܱóѶһ弶ˣǶԷէӦٶ£ɲΪһ¶ȫһǸı
ˣϽ峿һٴеĳŴ⣬˵СһܿͲס⿾ȫζ̫Ե硭ɺɲ˱ӻˣ
ŷƤС֣
ȫʧﻹζ峿ɢɢζͿФУξű˹Ѿһ͵ɶóԵأô㣬Ҳֵ㳢
峿ݺݵۺţţ
ͰףֲûԣڱģλˡѲƶԼǵûԼŰɡ
λǡ
ңҽкšЦЦֽŲͣĻƣǱŻˣң֮ǰã׽ֻҰҿѾ̫ˣ룬롪
ˣסФУξ峿ֳźż۾ȿȣҳôֻҰѾһҲԲ꣬ǰɣֶŮ
ɶ˵峿mmpģﲻ뵱ˣ
Ȼ˵žæռ󣬴ˣСССС⣬Ѿ͸˵ˣԶʳãˣȥء
ФУξ۾һһĺŵļϣСӡ̫ˣУͷʱȥӪңҴúȻȳ׺϶ñ۸
ԷζĿú㶣ǣôͳˣ
峿̾ʱòϣ˵ȲϺš
ôһʳֱϣͷФУξһʾҲûУһֻռФУξҪָ㣿
ФУξռ뿪峿ź֡

֧°ͣб۳
ǣ˵ҲǸôͻȻųζŨҵĿȫ򣬸ǳФУξȥġ˿ԣֻۣȫˣ
á
ͬҲá
ȵȣͬˣ峿ĵ
ôҪóһƿȪˮͷţȻпռ˰
Ҫ˵ˣծ壬ͷңǲϵġ峿﹣£ղŲͱ𣬻Ϊȫıһζı˲˵ɵϡ
Ѿã⻰ɾͲˣʲôʱӹ㣿
Уûӹ峿СָϵĽָϳ𣿴ȻȾζ֭ࡣ
һտռ˾ôʲô¡
峿һˣǿƿߣȻ浣Լ벻ˡ
峿ǽǵĿһӸóϵһ룬һŽռһѧ峿ųԣ˵ζ𡣡
Ҳ˭ġ峿ĵһϻʮըŹǡ
ǣôȥ̧ͷһӡ
˹
һӰ롣
߹
ӡ

ӣҵĵˣŹȫ弶ϱģԿġ
峿ͷаɡ




80.  ڰʮ  ҩ   ûҩ̧ˡ

ȷռ, Ҫʱٸҡ
û⣬͵ۺˣշѡЦе
, 峿ˣû¶Ͻɽȥ, Ҹǰơ
ֽŵĲ, ݹֽ, ȥɹһԭϣͷЩըҩ
ûдֳɵը𣿡
ѾִˣҲζų͢Żҩ켼, ǻĻѧʽһ֪ʯҩĹؼǴĹ򣬺Ѳ˲롣
ˣȷó𣿡
峿ĬĬһǲˣֱĻҩأ
УøҪڵϡԷѵһ, 峿Щ㶣ʲôʱǵϣҲò, Ҳá
˶٣۴, Ӧ֪, ￪ͷʵϣһʼҵĸ֮, ʣµȫǼٵġ
ȻͷбףķҲˣٻϣû˸Щʳʯ룬ҡ
׶ˣҲκͷ¶Ϊÿ¶˵ÿһ仰һץѱҵȻ׽ѿǣһҲܲˡ
ȻǶˣҲ֪ҵĵ߾ǣӲ޹ǿԴǣǣ޹
Ҿ㣬ФУξ֪סɽϣ̫ˡҩ
峿ͷת˼Ȧ¶ģƶֿȻˣһСʮ˵ҪʵڲеĻͰ˸ɽ
һߣ
˵˼峿һ죬ֱ׳ҿмҵˣʮأڲ𣡡
ǣһΪ㣡ûñ
鷳ϸĸ˵һ˵ôΪˣû뵽һͶ롣峿ûĵʶˣ˭֪˭
ͣôϹ˲ɣһھͽ˵Ǽ¶Ƕѵ˵Ӷסˣ˭Я
УҲһѲ˵ĶһټƾȡùżģһͷԹõģͶģǳĸ·ǻԸ⣿
ôʳ־ˣǻѡ񣿡
˵û뵽Щ̧ƤҾʲôҩĸɴ䣬Ȼʲô취󶼻ɽĺ˵Ҳ֪
ǸФУξԱ˶ӣҵȻԸŶӣ˵һССУξǻʵҲûá
οǧ˱ңФУξ˿ɶסľӪҪյ·̣˵˻ƻ˶ˡ
ؼǣҲҲ¹ʵҪˣһ㣬˵ʱ·ɽϵļʮˣҷҲãɱҲգԼأ£ϻ᲻ûأ
ѵĲ峿͵һİƣЦелˣûн
˾ֱˣŰ׷ȥ㵥ˡ
ҲҪ峿ɲɵ˵һһ׵ģϿȷΪ룬Ǿ仰˿Ṇ̀ʲôм̣磡
ʯըҩ㹻ըƽʯˣȷһСָ񣬵Ǹģһ϶ҪԼڸϢе٣峿Ŀǰ²
Ȼһ׬Ǯ
ǿ㿴ŪŪǶ١ҪҳէﲻϤĶõ㰡
͵ϤԼȥ¡峿κⲻҪļһνˡ
峿ֻðֽӶֽʱֽͷĻǩֱдģǺۼ
һȻģǷȷûûע⵽ףЩѾʳɶڸ뿪
Ҫߵˣֻȡʳ֮󣬳ŶʳϽ··̲Ųࡣ
صЩˣô񾭹òȫݵͶݣûݣҲҹ·Ըȥˡ
ʣµЩ˽м˲ͣȺ֮䴩󣬿ԵõĲУ˶˵仰ǴˣЦһЦڰ֣Ȱ˵ˣɫÿ
峿̲סЦһ˵ģûҩ̧ˡ
ÿ˶ٵ뷨Żˮ뷨ǲҲų⣬ȻҲ뿪
˳ɹˣôʳܻˮŪЩ
ʧˣҲܵǣֻǿûܶѣûԶ֡




81.  ڰʮһ     Ź

Ϊ˱Щ˵ע, 峿Ҵɨ˼۾͸Ͻջߡ
ЩڳΪ֮ǰֻͨˣ¶Ҳ̫Ӱɣ
峿żһ, ٿҡҡͷ˻˿ɿ
ͱ, һĶŵ, Ȼδޡ
ٱ, ҲֺܶˣԸӲĶҲԸȥǳ˵Ķ¶
е˿ֻһʱʧ, еȴҲһ¶Ǵ˶ħУ˺һʰ
峿֪ЩˣǣҪ׼ˡ
ķʵʹô˹
Ǵ̫˭֪ҪۼΣѡ˳ڶλ
оҩЧȴ˹Ҫò˵ֻҪ, ȫ޳ɱģ, Ȳ˵ҩҩ޻Ӿû, װ汾ĶС
, ǰФУξסӣӪ
вͨ˼ٴФУξ, ФУξ黹ûʱ͸ôһûзʱ˭𣿡
峿ֱӰһȥ
ըװСģɽ£һ춯СըΧСܺܺõãҲɴԱ
ʵҲȽһ˵һǧһ򣬶ӡ̵ľʾķ㣬ѿ࣬񶼻ʵʵˡ
Ȼ˹ҩ˻ڲ˵ؼֶ̫ᣬһ֣Ĵ
ըҩҲи⣬ڹһˣФУξӪĽûȨ֪ҪˣﻹС¶¶ȫꡣ
峿ķңһϣľͷӺϵֽ̼仯ΪҰײӵķĩ
ԼϵҴӸϽôˡ
û¶һʱûס֡峿ţȵĿӵķˣץץͷƤ߹ФУξϴˡ
¶峿ɵФУξɽһξͿ˲⣬һֱɽ£ʲôҲû
ʲô񣿡ФУξĵһֻõΣȣֶŮҹ˼ɣ
峿ڰ֣ûн͸֬ţƤֽⱲ½Ĺ찡֮ǰҺ磬ֽҴֶŮôҲ㵱ã
ҵϸáФУξֵĿ£ⲻ֪ʮǰ¶ӣΪٶʮأҶʮˣҹŮ㵱ӣŤˡ
峿˵ģЩʵ⣬ιδܼ棬мֲ⡣
תת˻⣬ФУξǼˣʶ࣬˵۲۰ȺＷȥͣЪ
⼸һ⣬֪ĥɶأҲģͷˣѾҵ˶ˣʱһ¶ҲǵԴ
ͷ
˵ͷĩ֮Ҳûɥʬ˵ĳɵ¶ͨˣ᲻̫Ѫˣ᲻ɧң
ʵ˵ɣЩ˲ò飬һ˫۾ܿóǶа׵ģٿǱ׳ģ·ûٳˣ
峿ͷͬ⣬У鷳ФУξעˣˣ֪һˣжͬ𣿻ʱ䣬Ǵɶʱ򿪸ɣ
ҲˣһƤĶ㣬͵ŰҪ˻·ȥ
С峿һİƣФУξֿ̻ɽϣó˲tʮ߸ȫõ·ӺɽܲȥȻƵطĹٵϣȺصЩıɶ
ţȥң˼ֻСҩŲ٣ԼĪһӣ㹻ҩٰʮ˵ģԶԶ
޵ӣ˸ǵҩУݵؽ綼ûп򵽡
ԺɽϺܰȫ峿Ҫϴҩ
峿ȥ˺ţûϻҩֻһʲôۣ
弶ˣԡ
峿̲סۣûпռ䣬ڵһҲǶ˺ŵģд˹ʲô۸񣿻ը
˹һöҩһ弶ˣըһġ
թ
ҪթֱҪʮŶʮˡҪ֪ǹŴЩʣǲԴʶķϣѾˡ
ǣǲԴǣһʱҲòϰ˵ģʳҪء
ǾˣУԼ۸·ŹڣҲԲοⶫʵװˣҲδزóã룬͢ЩȤĺܡ
ûôྦྷˣʳͽ𣿡
ԣһžһƽˣ
峿ҧһݣ̣
̫ˣܱ𣿱ϾЩڿռҲռطңҲûó˲ǣЩңأʱ令㣬㱻ɣ۸
Աˣָͬҳеİٷ֮ʮĹɷݵĻ
ĵͦ
峿ϲɫ̸Уһܱߣʲôʱ򣬶ҪԼĿģȨס
Ҳû峿˽⣬һͬġ
Ϊ峿͵ƽҲòңҪǴ˹
峿ҪĵȷǴ˹ִɱ˵ҩС
һöҩҪһ弶ˣûʮöзΧ޷ȫǡ
УҴӦ㣬ͬɳУֻаٷ֮һ峿ѹۣĵǰٷ֮һ˰ٷ֮ʮоҪˡ
ٷ֮ʮſڿӡ
ڸ֮ƣڴ˰ٷ֮ԼһһŻݡ
պúԼ峿õʮö˹ͬƵǹǹһһõġ
ŹǸһӡǰ峿˵ӣ嵰Ѿˣˡ
һСŵӳϣͱʹһ£ŹǣһٳԵģ
˵ò̫ԣһӦˬˣ
һӳ峿ҧź˵
Ļӻ֣峿ֻӷŽСĸһŸɾĲתӣźŵϾһȭͷ
˻
ŵ峿̫ˣͲҸı𣿡
治¡峿Ĵ˴ȭͷΨһвҵľǵˣΪǲǩģ⣬ʱʯӦѾҵˡ˭֪ؼȻزūˣ
ˣʪ
ɫѿŮˣ

嵰Ѿдˣͣһ֣ͣҲдˣмԺӣѧϰ
ȣǾһʱӦͶɽûȤˣҲĺúõĴˡ
ʦ»֮Ѿסɽˣÿ츺ЩɡϿΡ
ô¶Ͽʱ𣿡峿ӶͳһʮʪӰָͷøɸɾġ
ΪȲͬ»֮ϿΣʱ֮󡣡
Ѿˣ˶ˣֻҺѾȫˡ㣬ɶô㣿
Ҳ̲סᣬ⺢ǰӰ׶ˣʶԼΪߺ㣬ңˡ
ɶһԣҴĶࡣ˹ܱĸֻܸպˡ
ɾ֣峿óŹǣץҧŹը⽹ۣһҧ͵
ĹͷҲֵģӸԸԵĽ˳ˡ
ʮŹǣСһͱˣ󲻺˼ԣҲͣˣ峿һ˳Ŀ飬δ
ʪɾֽ֣ӳȥҪ˵ϾʣһˣҲ˷ֵģαӵĲ




82.  ڰʮ  д   ͵նɱ

Ӻúѧϰ, 峿ˣӻţĸ˵һϲ, ˮϦɽ
ɽµ˳˷зˮ֮峿סϴ, дʾ
С, дʲôϴǰ, ֽϣûŤͷȥ, 峿°Ͳ֪ʲô
ûд峿һıֽд˼ݣԭȵǰձ˺ˣЩطҵĴˡ
յϢˣԶطĲȷαðգֻܵȽȷˣϢȥǲſ, ĸʾӵĿš
Ϊʶ, Ҳûżڲ, һ, ʶֵЩԸȥˡ
д꣬峿Ҳˣ˵ż·, ƾһ˿ȡ˸ӡ
ֽ˵ｫպ黧Ǳػڲöһȫͽúۣûжһʳ뾡졣
⣬ҸˣֳظϣʮףȻ˰ѵڶֽøô˵ġھȥԹȥ·ȫˣÿ˶Ͽ·ٵģֱӿˣö룬¶Ҹ㶵š
ϴͷС㣬дݳͷܳ
峿ųźţȺˣ߿˵û·ϴȥ
ǰ峿װʮϣԼĿǸ·ϳԵģӦûϢȥ춼УȥҩӣֻҪеģɶ۸ȫҲҪ̫࣬ÿʮ͹ˣɽûоҪ֡
ֻյʱ䣬α֮ǰ𣿡
Сģһ֮ǰϴ̧ͦͷСһ԰¶֣صĲУôҲǿϵ
ˣɡ

ˣɫһʳ˷
ҲˣܶǮƣһ·Ͻʡٻн֪࣬ϢǮ˲˵ͷһʳ
Ϊľٴ룬ظ۸ǣΪ޹廹ƽȣôҲֱǮĶࡣ
ܶѧǳãǰɣܶ˺ܻͶȡɣֱһʡḶ́͵ʡһֹѡ
峿ʵͷʱ䣬һʼʾϿû˵Ҳ÷ڵģֻܵʱЩˡ
һ峿ȥ˺ɽЩԵסԼõļĵص㡣
ϢͳʱûϢĻǱ͵ȴźš
ԼĪһĹнŲ
峿һվã˵ԼĵصСĺ˾䣬ǵعϡ
峿ټӵĸƬҪôԣ
Էص˳ԡ
ţȫˡ
峿߳ɶ
С㣬ǳʮָǼˣǰС죬ͷǸ˵õǻɱˣҪŵģⲻǸɺѺ͵Ĺٱɱ˰ˡ
ЩСɱ˷һ·ûֻҪǶ¶ûǲģһ񣬺͸ˣְڲѣ˭ҪǸܣǾͰɱɶЩ¶ҾͲ˵ˣĶ䡣
ʱ䳤ˣһЩ˸ЩǱΪ飬󲿷˶Ƕʮֵη塣
ͷǸ˵ɽȫ֣ɽʳЩʿˣֻҪɱɽЩˣǵʱͿռɽΪˣԵĺȵȫǵˡ
ЩǲŵģأʱҲ֪˭ŪһѼͷһƤһ£öߵĺܣǳԲӣйϵġԭȲͬĺöͨˣбɿ⶯ˡ
С㣬۵СˣЩ˿ɶ¶иģֱôԽ̵ĻˣϽ취ɣô꡴ȥȻǧˣФУξǣҲ򲻹¹£Ӽš
棬峿ǵһƥܵԼСӰ죬ƽ
֪ˣһĵģʱ䲻ˣϽȥɣ˻ˡ⼸ίˣһµĸʾʱǲᳬжģһж֪ͨңʱԼСģһԱȫԼΪ
ߺϢһȫֹۡ
ˣ峿½񣬡סЩ˷ܵĻǣǸͷͷҪ˳ܴһ·ϵΪ͸ˡ
˶ˣ峿źڰС·صǼϢҡ
СʱЩȫɥʧս
ǻ¶иһ׼֡
ԭȲѪģ뵽δ˵Ļ峿ץ˻ڣЩ·ˣҪȫд̣͵նɱ




83.  ڰʮ  ס   Ϸҹ

˿Ͻ, ׼˯ˣű˵졣
ţǸĸߴװ, Щ죬ͼԷӱǼ, 峿, ˲ǸСߵһ, ǵ˱츳š
Сˣ峿ѿڶ
ԡ
û˵꣬ͱŮӴϣֱӹ, ҸйϳԣǴӰžߣױ˿
á
֪ˣҲôһᡣ
峿ݣϳһжų԰ɣˮıضǣвӬء
ϰں, ϴǷȻɵøҹè˵˵, Ժܲô΢ǰЩ, ˵á
ʮ, Ǹӣ˯߲Ӱ쳤壬ͷ᳤ߵġ
˼, ӵĽŲ˽ǰ͵ľѣǣС֪ͨ˶˰
ϳ⣬ܿһȺ˳֣ںһƬͷСЦŷŸϷˣ
ϷȻʹˣ޽ǻףӺݻ˿һ۾֪Ǹ˵ˡ
峿͵վץϵʪĨĨͣһܳ嵽ſڣǽǰ˶סˡ
Ϸˣôˣ峿ЦǰóխСţóϷȽݡ
˵ϷͦƵģӿӣ峿
ݣ£ϵİϣЩ壬ʵ󲻳ô˱Űϣһ³һڵģ
ߣϷ˸ԱߵĴѾʹɫѾָӼСѾ߱ˡ
峿ԼһڵҲ棬֪ҪɶϽԸϣһҪԡ
Լ£Сͬ־ЦĶż磬һ죬͵͵۳ϷˣϷ˱кˣûЦ
Ȼ㳰ЦҲںˣһҲǻشţܱСŵ
ǶȥžˣҸѾ˵˵Ϸ˹˼˵ģһӵѾߣ̼͵࣬¶ȶȣŵԼĺζ
˳ȥ˲ˬ峿Ҳöţϣ߳ԣʳϷɶ¶
ԱСͬ־ȥԱϱϷ˱Թ̣ʰΣ԰ɣҲûˡ
峿³һϷ˳ȥ֮ǰѾ߰ȿгˮΪǾֻôء
˭֪һϷˣҲ
ĬĬ˻ϣϷ˷ٶȣѾҹҺСԿֳгġ
峿һϲɫ䣬û⣬ϵģ߲ãҲֻܿӣҪðˡ
˵峿ԹϣסĽźͺ棬̼ҴͶǮöٵĹɷݣ
̼𣿡
ɽҲȨƣӦòᱻ˰ɣ
ֻϣȴ֪ԺѾɽĶǡ
ص˵ձҵǻ̸һʱ顣
˭ǹŴأһĨڰ
Ϸף⼸վɽ߶Ѿˡ

峿̧ͷһĴͣ߶ţ
Ǹ˼𣿡
յʣС̵ͷ
ϷˣɽеӣǰסġĲ𣿡
ûϵȥɣʱ䲻ˣЪϢպ𡭡ܰϷ
ŶأǸзܰѾߵһϷ˲֣죬ʰϵ档
峿εĸ׼ǰͷ·һϵϣһһһ
ҵϱϣȥҽųԡǳϷ˶ӵΪϷǮҲ߲ˮ
ӣ̧ξɽͣмһӣ͵õģȿȣȽŲõġ
ĥһʱŵɽĸŻˣһŷӦϷ˺˵
ĸ߹óϷסԺӣ
ԺӵطӸߴɡ
峿ҡҡͷã࿪СӾˣԺۼҵģֻۼҵס
ֳгĺöҲͶˡ
ԭǲԼֻ㸺һ飬ĻϤŴȽϺá
ںˣȻϲ̫̰ơزūӣҪ˵⣬ûģкڣûνˡ
ģСԸϣ峿ǺܸмģԸͶʡҲӦ쳧ӡ
Ϸ˺ܿ챻ٺ˯ȥˣСŻѣֳгǰ
峿û˵Ҫŵ˱ˣɽȥˡ
ɽµѾǰյ꣬ٵϺʯ˯ˡ
ФУξûϢڵ࣬ʼʿʼֵҹ




84.  ڰʮ  ޱ   Ǿ

⼸峿ǲ, ЩڹĶͨأôж
һҹ峿˯˸þ
˯ģκѾ, Ա߼ѾʼŶˣ˽ֻӬڶ˽, ֻˡ
ոоʮû¶ȸ, ʮָ, ƣǲˡ
峿ӰװСӹŹȥ˰ɽ
ûһᳵٴ, Žյ͡
峿治ԺˣԵθﷴᡣ
԰ͷСˣԺըըŹǡ
ʵǣֻһſˮֻȫ򣬱߿
극峿ӰŲʢ˵һɽ
Զɽ, ַǷֻëųƴȫҪԽ, СԼƨɺһȺӣһƵǼֻ, ŵļڵĸˡ
峿ʱ, ЩӼԵĺã۳Ҫµˣⱻһ, µܲ˯Ŷһˡ
Ǹأÿ峿һ߽Žڣļ򣬱±£ǿĶǻþϽ˯
Ⱥܿ찲û¶Ƶãھʳ
棬һֶɢֻСվűӣҾιš
峿ûĵʡʡɣ
ţȥϿεСӣ»֮û
ڳſڼˣԷء
ˣ˾͸ϽϿȥҳЩӾʢĺܣû¶ϼڿΣͥҵһ쵽еܣ˷
»֮Ͻã֪ˣģҽ쿪ʼ͸Ƕ಼õҵ
СżԸЩǣ溢飬峿һҲٶĻ˶

ˣˣøȥɡ峿ﳵȥɣֳľЩǣǶ֪
أ
£峿ѧߣϷ˲ŸŪûһӣشԺﻭͼ
Ҫ̼ҺĻö໭ṹͼ⣬дʾ
ϴߣдû嵰ǿ٣
嵰ȥ㺣峿סɢңһҵֽ嵰
֪ˣ㣬֣ҪٵˣҪְġ
峿һɣ嵰ˣҲ֪Ļû
ͼһˣһӡ
ȵͣ±ʣ۵Ĳӣŷֲ֪ʱѾˡ
ŻֽţһȺѻΧ˵ʲôԶѾֳˣмѧгЧôã˴ˤ峿۵ĲУг͵ͣộ
ҵú󣿶Էʲôݣ
峿תͷŴŹǷһıζһˢģ㿪۰ɣҪһߣÿһƿȪˮ
ԴһվӣÿҲ֪ƽذӺС
ʮ꣬ûʼأǰʵܵľǻˣÿԷ֮ǰˮڣȻܾһɸõζ
ʮһס
ôˣ峿ѿڶȿȣ˵㡣
ۣҪҪ
ȸסԼ˸պһһס
ʮ֡
峿˲ϳϷǱߣϽܻȥӣʮӻߡ
߰һˢһֻԼһܿࡣ
˿Ȫˮ峿զˡ
Ȫˮ㣬ʮһƿ
峿ȴѵûзϾˮͱʳ󣬿ˢû취ʵˢˡ
ȸһƿһˢһܿ԰ɡ
һֽǮһֽ
峿Ȳˢ⣬ˢһӣ꣬ʱֻˬ˵Ĵ
ϴͺˣɺ֮ǰҲһˣҪ֪Ŷôɵġ
ˢ峿ȥĵط¶һЦ
ӴѾզôףϷ˵һʵ
峿Цеˢ
йζܰ
Ǻǣ𣿿õ۱Ƚر𡣡峿ĳĽ񣬿ȿȣ֪ݰˣ¶ɡ
ϷˣҲվſ᲻ӵĺôģȥԣ¶Ҹһ飬򵥵ĺܡ
峿ԱһõֳɽһȦмֵհѡг̡ȵȡ
ʵϷ˵ǣгȲ⣬ɷֹɴ͡
Ҳֻ룬ϾǹŴӶ¶ȡ
ͱŤƣ峿ֳĿĶˡ
ֳ׼гʱ򣬺Ų֪Ķðˣԡ
˭֪һһȥȻ˸˶ݣóٶȼӵ죬Ȼһͳ峵Խ˾ϣŵһΧ۵ĹǾ³ϷֱùܼҴСͬ־ȥˡ




85.  ڰʮ  ̸̸   󽵵ͣ

ʱ, ͵̧𳵰ѣųӴһ׶ߵľһ˵ľ, ȫز˵ֱӴӸϳ, һ, ٶȴﵽ˼, ˺ͳһƵôߴ˳ŲԶȥ
ƽأ峿ҲЩ, ⻻˸廹ôʱԭȵҪõĶడ
һʼľУкãı䲻Ƕ̶̵İյʱѡ
Ϸ˶²ʣĶģϷóĸɫ
峿һתϷˣȻ¡
뵽ű׷ʡ㳪ĸǰѾЦ˻
˶һȦгǰʻ, Ȳڵɲ˳˦峿һNɪı顣
Ǻ, ԸȻôNɪ
峿Ϸ˵˺ŸǰλǳϷ, Ǹ̼ׯǼҵׯ, λǺţġ
ʶĳס峿ѣһɡ
, ȥ̽ǼﳵɣҳЩҪ졣峿Ц
Ÿᶨ峿뷨Ϸ˵Ѿ°ɣԼѧż˵³е¡
۾һһѵӽһѵӵ峿
峿޹գգۣǲ˼ˣ
ϷеźŵֲߣСذ㳪ĸǣЩʲôʱܸһԴ⺵鿪ʼûϷˣӴ˵μĶǸư
ŵۿɼٶȺǿϷϲ˵ϲĽɫ峿ЩûЦιȥ
ϷˣҲǳϷġźò׳סԼ֣ҲᳪϷѾû˵ҿδأ
ƨ˭δ򰡣
峿ըëžҪҴαӣȴСңͷѡʮ
峿ˮĳ嶯ҡҡͷ֮ǰϷʵʱ˵֪Ҫ˳źŵĻ˵Դ
ҪϵľܾԴǵɽͳʮգ˶֪ôܺ㶩»Լ˰ЦиȣҵС಻ţҪŻ˴ҡϷˣ˾ϲ˵Ц档
ҲǼӵĸӣ̵ϷˣҾͿЦȷʵǳϷģҪͷ˸һ˵˰ģҪкҡ
٣ǸӾǽ
峿ûĵˣǰųϷˣϷˣ۲ˣӲ̫ã۲ȥ飬ҲýĿг
ӣԾظںͷ
ֳͣǶ·ߣҲ˵۸̫ܶߣҪͨİҲϣгܴʡҵĳʱ䣬׷ѲٳΪһһβеӴ֮ȥȥ
ֳǵĶλҪڻϣ峵ٶ̫ķţͨһӵǮҲδ𣬾ˣõṩݣʱͬһʲСĿֳ֧Ͳһˣٶȿ죬װض࣬ʱʱֻҪʱܳ
Ҿûܳô˻ᷢչһ⳵ӣأֻҪʮﳵڴС˶ԣϾҲ˶Ըһֳһ׬Ѳ⡣
㿴ֳг벻ǵһ۸񲻻̫ߣͨҲˣȻܻήͣȥˣһ׬Ǯ׬ĸ࣬˳ͨռסеӣӴ֮복йصĶǵһ뵽ľǡ
Ϸ˺۹⣬̾˼˵гֳбĳ
Ȼ峿ŵĵĩǰʲô࣬Ȼǳ࣬⣬жͯ߳
ȻûзֻѣЩǿġ
ʵ˹ãǣˣѶ̫ͷ񡣡
Ϸ˺һĴȣѾϸ̸̸
ȵľ仰峿̵ͷá
˽ԺߣﶫȫȻǩԼ
Ŷд飬ðˡ
ҪˣѾܹסĿȣ㣬㣬
æأдȥд˽档
~~~СѾͷ֡
峿޷ϷȽȥҺ
˭֪ŤͷѾ˺Ÿǰ˸Ѿһ̲裬峿ֱˮ
ѾıӣѽȻһ̲裡
Ȼһڣһ̲ȥһ룬СѾͷһʱڻﲻˡ
С峿ѾˣԸ㳢ζ
Ѿί㣬㶼һˡ
峿
˼費




86.  ڰʮ  ɹɷ   ʮŰ˼ˡ

̲ĶҪøС, ׿ɤ峿۶꣬ӼСӲá
Ƶ, õȫĩĲϣû𣿡
̫, ûע, ҲܸСӺȣ
˶, ֵôһȦңɶ¶
ҪһĹɷݡ
㻹ϴϴ˯ˡ峿ûĵ
ԸһһĹɷݣô˼˵óڡ
ʮŰ˼ˡ
峿ʶ˿ˮ, ĿɿڴĿˣҲ̫˰ɣ
ʮŰ˼˰Ҫĩ㹻һˣ
֪һ궼ŪŰ˼ˣ
ųһۣⶫҶǣûɶãǶá
⵹ǣãһǽ׻, һء
ﲻϾˣΨһ, ûõˡ
Σ
峿Ȼ۲, ŴҪôɶ, ҲòŰɣ
Ҹʱ俼ǣһӦ, ԣ̼ҵ̸˱Ŀһۣˡ
峿šüɶ˼
ϸԺйһĴС¶һʱҲ޷ж˵仰ԭɡ
ҡҡͷоһһе㱻֢ˡ
Ҫ߼֧ţôԳ󣬸һɷֺη

ȻԺŵĻл̬ȣ峿ڽڽ̸̼ʱһʼ˹ɷƣһֳһٹɣ̼ʽԱɣռĹɷݲܳٷ֮ʮԼɣռٷ֮ʮ
Ȼһʼ̼Ҹ̸еĹܼҵȻͬ⣬¶ôǳ̼ҳԿֳɵĹɣͼֽռ߳ɣϹء
峿ĿǰΪṩ
Ĺؼģ
Ϸ˵˵һμⶫ峿ʾԭʮֵľ;ޣǾʶˣôСĶ޷ġ
峿ǣе֣ȫԼġ
ռ߳ɵԭ򣬺ļԼļȫһ˵
ţ峿ֳһ
ϷԼ̼ҵ˲òϣܹҵһôˣֻܴӦ峿
ȫ̳䵱ĳϷȻ˵ɿԣϰ䣬̼ҸҲɳ̼Ѱңһ
ãӦԼŰġ峿ֱԲ䣬ǳ֮ļˣñ˵˳ᱻܿա
УҡϷ˰ʾܼҺС̱ż
ǣϷ˵ɡ
һǸ⳵ӵ⽻ÿ³̼һһɵڶµ뷨ѡǳ̼Һ̸㲻ܺͱҵĺ
꣬峿̲סãϷϿ̼һƳԿǱ⹫˾һ׬
ỹδȺȨ
Ҫ̫̫һŴ˵ɣЩҪɶԷǲҲǴˡ
ҿһ£Ҳȥ룬̸峿
̸ûһ͵ģһʱս
ڳ̼ҵò峿⣬ǣҲҪһ롣

̸Ա߼¼Ҳһ䣬һͼеĵѾ㣬ղųϷ˵ĶΪɶϽͬ⣬Ͳǻͷ𣿡
ͬѧһʵǾƣԼλá峿ĹͷڵǣֻҪԸ⣬ǵĳвȱͶʣǣǳ̼ң˵ɣҾһɣҲͬģǲô⣬ҪӮһ׬Ǯʧ̫࣬ɷǳӵĺ
оǣó̼˿ˣа꣬දӣ⳵һͼ׬Ǯģ̼Ҳһʼʱ򣬷ȳ׬ĻҪ࣡
ҾͲϿˣԼȥú룬ѧʣ飬ѧһУնҪõʵеġ
Ѿ㣬һúģгĹؼҲ˵ġ
ãͷԿȫ򡣡峿һʱģŵ
˽㣬ҲˣÿζѾĳԵģûô̰ԡ

ɽĸ̫̫ţ峿ɽдõĸʾó˹ٵԱߵϣʶֵվ
һʱ˶֪˸ʾϢ
ЩķӣžЩż
żͶˣ
Ҳ峿ôһʾԭ򣬴̼ЩжȻģȵһˣ̫࣬ǻ治ӦԵġ
һǣǰĻƻǲôƣ⽫ǡ
ͬʱҲɽϵǰ׼иµʱ䷶ΧȻʱ̫۵ûǡ
Ȼ󲿷û֪Ҫղ黧ѡǰ뿪·




87.  ڰʮ     뾡һа취

, ܵ˾һ롣
գ·Զˣ˸ǹӵĸʾ, ζͬˣʾʱȻǰ, Ҳǡʦˡ
, ܼһ˲ٵʯԼʯ
Ԥ, ʯ㷺ڻҩ֮ͨҪܲס
·ԶһԼĪʯֻһ򵽵, ʣµĽʶǸ˰ŪģΪˣ·Զյĸ
峿ǲĻҩģһ궼ǻеרҵģԹ㷺ִĩ˾ǿըҩ͸װһľˡ
ʯ, źҲûܾ, ֽͼֽݸ󼸸ǳ
, ľͷʯͷҲǲС
뵽˵, 峿ֵûа취Ľڵ̫࣬Ҳ, ͷͳìá
ìǾӪҪһľʽ϶࣬㼶ߵĿܻӼӲͷ
ͳͷȫǴģһһʹ˳֡
ФУξֻܱʮգŵۺӹͨûжֻԽԽ󣬲ˣԺÿʼѵԼĶ鱣ʯˡ
ֱӳ㣬ͷͷ򱡡⣬ìĶͷܼӴѪٶȡתڵ
лˡ峿˵ɶʵܸ˸Ǯģعȴǰͷɣϻһյ﮵̨ƺһЩ
ü峿ó֮ǰһӡ
ĩıӣı̬ʶһֱûд򿪹һӣһ갫ֵܿˣϵһз󣬲ϵΣɢӵζˡ
ûв峿Ҳûдųȥˡ

¶žͳ·Զҩˮζܽ
С㣬ʲôŪ·ԶݹֽֽһϵеĶϡסƹϡѵȶ
Ҫģ峿̧ۡ
ԡ·ԶС˴ˣ˵;˵أΪдˣҪЩ
·ԶҧڡҪϣЩҪһͭ壬³򣬲òˡ
ȥ߱߾߱߾̫ƽˣ峿šü£ʵ
֪𣿡·Զɻ˵ߵĲԭϱﺵĻݳȫˣԭȫţѪųۿţҲˣͰԭˣҪ˼߷ͱˣԭ˵Ѿԭ
¥ˣ˵
ŶŶģûϢ𣿲ԭ˽˼̣ӸӲùˣǼˣ±߽磬һͻƱ߽磬˭֪ƫƫʱ򣬴Ϣ˵͵͵ԭʳⲻǵɶȥලս¡
峿ˣʲôලս£Ǽලɣ
ȻĸĽܲʡ
Ƹ߸ϣǿʢޱȣʵֻҪʵ۵һСָͷƵ
;ݣ˵صģġ·ԶݱУҾӦ˵¶·˼ǣǺúд˺ˣͷҲܼһֺãʹӡ
峿ͷѲ£ϾҲûٿֹլС˵·䲻ڡ
ò˺ûʷѵǲܳ¶ģҪȻԭһ̤ԭǿǱȸɺҪ¡
ԣðæ
˵ϲûʳﻹɣ峿ʵòЩŮʲô㣿ˣмյʱ乻Ļ취Щƻ
Ҳû©ģˣǮӣûвϲӵİɣˣСⱣסˡ峿ҧҧˣ߷߱ɶʱϽʱҪǱɾˣûʷһл߹ضزס
룬Լ˸Ҫ⣬ʲôˣǰɶģǰɶ̬Ȱ
·Զһ֪ô⣡˵
ʮ֮꣬ǰڳְ͢Ǳɣ׶ûпɽһְʮֲס
Ϊûбİãϲ϶ºȵСơ
Ľ֮ڹûʾһʱҲ
ô˱Ͽϲգƺһˡ
С㣬ҵʱõϢѾǼϴȥǵʱ˳ŪЩƻ
ţá峿óϢЩٰҲָһ㣬Ů꣬нӣ׼ЩʱˮװǵͶʱóǵòҪֳг
¶
֪ˣˣѰţӡ
ң׼ٺʣ峿˼ţŪЩ棬κβҵģҪʱ˵ɡ
һ·Զֻ̽۵һӾ͵һǧӣôˣһֱǿ״̬õĳô𣿡




88.  ڰʮ  Ǯ   м

̫˰ɣ峿˵, оò֡
ˣĶˣ̫עҲá·Զ˵, һȷ·, ֲᱻײ, ±, Ҳи˵ͷ˵ԽԽáοС, õóôǮ𣿡
ʱĴܼ͸ˡ
ɶⲻЩû٣˴һֵĲӣ̫ʱһա
˵·ԶľҲܲµó, Ͼ¶Ҳȥ뾭Ѳǡ
٣СγＯʣµǮ·Զͷ󺹣, ˵ףûм, ĶŪǮ
֮ǰʳҲ, żҲжӣͷȥһ, ϼһʮФУξܲȸһֵĶ𣬼Ͳˡ
峿ǮƲ⣬ûбȽǮŪˣֻҪһ֡
ǻг̼ƾг費𣿡
ˣ˵ûҪյ峿Դˡ
գվ͵ˡ·ԶϽա
ʱǿˡ
·ԶļͷˣôɣɽŰɣЩ㲻ڲ֪Ⱥһ˹ĶʳأվҪжˣעŵ㣬һԣ̴ϢʳҪǵİΣҪģɽ
Ǹʾĵ죬Ҳٺǻж
·ԶֱͦɫС㣬жǰǸɶģɶߣж˱˵ˣ
峿ڰ֣СѲ߶ӵ˻Ⱥˣϵʱȥ
峿簵ԼԼĵصϴȥϢ
·Զ峿ҺҪһŹǡ
Ҫһ𣿡
ԡ峿ÿˣ弶⣬ϴΪ嵰Ѿһ⣬Ҳˣô˴ˣ̲סʵûɶҪ𣿡
Լģңûв
زū
̶̼ʮ꣬ôǮִߣ
ⲻʹˣϸб峿üԼˣ
һʪӳһϰװȻǶʮģ׬ˡ
ǿˣʪôܸ弶ȡ

ФУξ㲻Ъɡ峿վԺǰһȦһȦִ˲ƣФУξ֡
ФУξͣ³ӣ˻ͷɶ
ϸ̸һ¡
ФУξԸķгŽԺӣи¡
С
ϣһɢζŹǣҲǸҵģ
һԡ峿á
ФУξҲ峿ϽҲȻФУξӣӶԵġ
Ա㣬ФУξŶӣ˵ɣɶ¶
ʳϵ¶㳤˵ɶʱǩԼҵվ͵ˡ
ô죿һûǽ˵أ
Ǿ͸Ͻ˵⣬һʱղĻǮ֡
ǣܵô𣿡
ϢʹȥˣҲǵģȸǣҹ˼ɣ
Уھͻȥǽ˵ֳܽ𣿻ϣǽҲ
û⣬ǣҪ賿֮ǰõ׼ȷϢ
ģұ׼̫ɽ֮ǰͻ
ɽ϶У峿ѺһװһףСϣһӻƹϡ
ϸ˱ڵʿȥ
Ӫһĺܣ峿ģȥɽ¡
ɽ¼ÿնسĴ󻧡ʳȥسǰڵ̯̫鷳ˣֱЩˣʱ򼸺Ǽģߵʱֱߡ
·ԶϢҸ̸¶Ҳûȥš
ȺһӣȻûҵǸϹϵүҵĹܼҡ
ѵû
Ŀ̫˿ˣ˸˸ҡ
С㣬үϵܼҲˣһǰܼҸߡ
զ¶զô磿ˣ
ǣʮϣϽߣ·Ҳȫ
峿˰ʱϢҵŴ򿪣ơƶǵĹܼ·Զܿʾ˸˰Ͻ
ߺ·ԶȺ¯ŰƱ죬С㣬û뵽Ǯôף
ǺǣС㿴ˣ˵ʮһһһҲԲ졣
Ʊܶһ𣿡峿Щĵʵ
˵صĵ֪ˣﶼҲˡ




89.  ڰʮ  ʧ   ȥ˰ɡ

ԡ·ԶƱݹ, 峿ˡ
һĻӣ´, ڽӣû, ӱֵ, , ⶼҪǮġ
ɽ·Զ峿ֻɽϡ
ճϷ, ˵Ĳ£Ҳѧֳг
峿һۣŵЩɶ̫٣ɶǮҪǮÿЩ󻧡

ԹФУξڻˡ
ƥ, ͹ˮ˽ý, ˵ľͷöˡ
ͷһŲµˡ
ФУξ˵ϴҲǸʲô, ܳһ, Ҳûȥǡ
߶࣬˸Ŀ, һŷڵĸ̼ƵãϻŨصѪǸɱ˾˰ɣ
ţФУξһڣǻͲôģЩ񣬹ͼҺͽ·һ˼Ҵӣǽĸһͷ˭֪ͷӲǸöԱ߹ȻŶʮ׳꣬ſɱǣ
Ȼأ
ФУξĵȻȫɱˡô˶Ƿֵġ
峿ûʲôرĸܣΧˣ˳Ϸ֮ʣµˣȫٿФУξʱдηͿ־壬ɽϵˣ޲ڸضȥЩ˿ǡ
峿ҡҡͷ̫Сˡ
ˣ˵ˣ¡ѺԼϷ˵˽ˣ峿ԺԺһԲľϰľӣϴɾкõĸˮȻݮУ
ȵüһ¡
峿˳ְҪܵĸס¡
ֻԴ͵嵰ȥ㺣
嵰Ϊã峿ҲҲˡ
һϵˡ
򷽡ˡ
峿ĸ
ˡϷ˺С̡
¼嵰
֪ﷱæǰҪ뿪ˣ峿Ҳϻ߳Ա˵ɣǲ
Ѿݮôô𣿡Ϸûסʵ
Ȼˣĩӣһƻ󣬺ˣȫŪ÷𱾵زĲݮȸ˲١
С̸ŵͷж٣ȫҪˡ
Щõİ
ȿȣͷ˵峿Ͻѻ
ڽҲǸˬģ̸к˳۸峿ûòϾ˭֪ھ࣬ǾӪģһˡ
һǧʳкٽٽԼٽ
ȻʡųԣӪǧҲԲ˼գֻǵһҪʳĻǻ
ϣҲҪһǧ
ͦʵһˣȻͻ˵ֳ㡣
峿´ӦˣȻ˽ӵص㣬ھӪʮ¡
峿⣬ʱҹɫһ˹ȥҲȥ۵á
ܿд飬һʽݣ򷽡ǩ֡ӡ¶ǳˣ
̫̫ɱһֻ˲壬峿ỵˣԿżĲУ
Ų˸ȣ峿ˡ
˶˯֮峿гĸʮ¡
վϣܿӪ⣬ԼĪиصӣεġ
ǿʼɡ峿һƨϣԱĸ˳ƺ
ЩŪӾͲˣСҹ壬Ҳĸһ컹Ҫҹոӡ
ĸ̵ϣ֣յʱ΢һ£һ׻Ĵ׾ϡ
һҹȥŪЧ̫ˡ
˻ˣʯķΧ֮Ϊɺѷ޵Ĵոɾƻṹ
һǹطܺõһϵж
Ҳֻôˡ
峿þӪȥֳ
峿ܾ뻹ǴӦˣǵԮӪ̳֧ԮҲӦˡ
ڶ죬峿ȥûɽȥ·Զ
ҹӦø˼ˣ֪ǷϢ
ϢûУһգûǸͷͷʧĻмǸɣ֪ɶȥˣʵĻЩ˺Ҳ˵塣·Զ˵һɿҹ뿪ģȻûע⵽
иֵǣʣµĻ춼Ǹͷͷڻǲע⵽Ǹͷͷ뿪С㣬ȥĶˣȥɶˣ
峿Ƭ̺ʮа˾Ÿȥˡ
ϾҪʳĻֿܳȭǰɣФУξЩ˿ɶһһìġ
һ·ԭϾʣ޼ˣеĲ˵ʳˡ
ʾͲФУξЩģûгֵǾӴ򹷡ȥ޻ˡ




90.  ھʮ     ֪ɽ١

˵νͷͷˣ
峿·Զû滳ɹ, ȥߵЩʣµҲǧˣô, ѵòʿ
οǵҲɱ, Ҫɱʵ, ʱ˵ʲô, ʣµ˾֪ˡ
ӱϿƶʮֱֵŵķ֪
ע, ʱǴģʲô쳣Уҹﴫ鱨ʱǶɣһգٴ̽ˡ峿ֵ
֪ˡ·ԶšüС㣬ôܶԸЩҿյĿԸµ񲢲ࡣ
ԣķŻضԼˡ峿İڰ, ԸƴζûƢ, һյĽͣʮֵ, ܸڶ֮ǰｭ, ӻѹ
쿴ŸɺȥҲ˵񶬺ܿѩ
캮ѩ, ټϳ˽һûʳܾ촢ʳˮԴЩ˰ˡ
¶ѵǲ֪𣿡
ȫ֪峿ӷḻҪ̫̫ѣʵⲻЩ
ЩȻѡ˶ڴ˵أ̰Ķѡ
һЩռʯ룬ʳˣסˣԴԴϵ·ϣѵ·ֱ̣ˡ
峿⣬ҹͬ
֪⿪¡
峿ͦʧģš⣬Щ˵ôߣĻжȻϻкܶĻ˰
̾أҲǳˣ˼ҴҸţС㣬ˣˣ
ĸѾһ˸ǰŭĵŲأȫҲˣ
峿ǳ鴤˼ûǸ˼˵ôˣ
¶ˣ˹˲ϴһ˵ڴӸǻİ·һ񣬰Ѷ˲˵ǵ˸ͱˣ첻ˣ
˵꣬峿̶ĸȥ
峿üģ˲ϸȥһ
ûˣ峿̽ע˫ϣɽ
ľϵܣľϵܣȻܾ˲ܵסȴΡ
峿ܿ㵽ɽ£ϢҵŴţΧΧһѵˣɫÿ
峿￩һ£Ѿ˰ɣ
һԽſڣſڵ˽ӣڣһ۾ˣ·Զʮˣ޵ᡣ
峿ϴıǶԣˣѾˣ
廹ţסϴ󣬽ľϵ롣
ûã֮ٱգۼھͷĲӬһת
峿Ϸɽϵ˾٣ϴһֱҳСܣʵڲԸ
·ԶһӣĶĨ۾С㣬С㣬ְɣͷѾȥˡ
ͷϴС֣ǰҼΪ̫ʵһֱûɻҲһֱûȡ֣ͷ˵ҪѧֺԼԼȡ֡
ϲͷСҲУԸСϴ󡯡
ôһʵˣôûˡ
峿û·Զϴ塣
Ҳ֪ûãǰĩʱЧܺá
ֵʱ򻹲еĻͷ
С㣬ְɡ·ԶȰοСôϴ
峿ͷ̧Űһߣȴûͣ·Զವһ·˳ȥ
ڹ򲻸ˣʱ峿оյĶ
һֻڱǶ̽̽о΢ĺ
ſڵͷ׵ˣϽɿ֣к򣬡ʣһˡ
·Զӵ仰־һƨ˻ȥѽǵãϴû˰
ҽֻʣһӲĸסˣûصݲ룬ۻˣ峿ʮ⳥
峿ʧЦֻҪ˻žͺã˵ʮݵ˲Σǧ˲ҲܸŪȿȣǰӣӣ
ϴȻˣΪأ˻ţ֪ѡ
·Զ֪Ϣûһ¶ϲɫĥĥĵ峿ǰֹĿĳһ仰ҲŪ
ʲô˲»
·ԶȻһ
峿һۣ
û˵ĵط峿תҪ˵ͨһ·Զе֪ɽ٣ҵȻе




91.  ھʮһ  ʻ   ֶȱкϡ

͡
峿, ɣˡ
·ԶĳĳҲһЦˣεĹ, ǲ
𣿡峿૵
ƨ, 峿ӵݹȥ
·Զӹ, һɱֱǶ, ӶȻһ飬ˡ
ֳŵǿС, ûɣҼϴ󣿡
ԡ峿ںߣñ챡ɹģִģר·Զģӽоǰõģܾ£֮˵һ, ʹ
ҩӵ˵Чһ, Ҳûãû뵽ϴ, ȻȻˡҽս, ͷҪ˵ܹţʣһԷһ, ҪԤҼõģɲܱ֪ˡ
·Զ͵ݣ֣صĹ£˸ͷĻҲ˵ˣӽտʼһ˵Сˣ
̫ˣҲûɶð
ȿȣ峿ߵĻɣ֪ҵģú¶ˡʱ䲻ˣϽȥɣõõϢˡ

Ȼ˻ûѣܹ黹ţϣ
·Զüˣϴɽ
ϢʣФУξ峿ˡ
ФУξС˵ܼҿͦһˣզôࣿ
Ҫ˻ˣ峿һۣлĹ򣬾ͳȥŵ㣬Ҫʻˡ
ô¶һ˲û˲˵ӻﱻˣɶʡ
Ҹ˵ܼǰ޵ôһΪûˣҲ̫¶ˣ͸ðӵӪ죬Ըүǣ
ۼФУξ⻰ⲻ֪Ҫ¥Ķȥˣ峿û¶Ͻȥæء
˰ҲııФУξֱ塣
峿ûдȺ֣һһ
ȥˣϴԼѲ߶ӵ
ϴΣЩȥˣʣµֻЩСˣ⣬ﱻ
˵˵ɣ·ô£ϴΣǼǺõĺܣΪɶǰٵˣɶ˵ǵõġ
ߵӻµʱ򣬺öٷͻȻðΧסˣΪǼǵС˵ǵҪԵʱϴóٷ˿ܿˣûҪֱӾͷˣ˭֪ûԶͻȻһ󺰣һ˳˹ϴҪлҵĶۼֿһѣǵܰԴˡ
˵˽ŲʢֶӣŲʢĸɩɩôһ类Ųʢˡ
뵽˵ʱΣ־壬һһǺЩ˻ҪɱˣֻܸϽܣһ·ŷ֣˵˱˺סˣǲδ׷
·ͻȻҲء
ȻҲ֣֪ǸΪɶ裬һϴ˺öѪǵİΣϽ˳ֱȥصģ˭֪ؿˣǻȥٰ¶û취ֻȻҽģҽ
Ĩ۾һ·Żˣʱ˵ڣٿһ˸ӵĻˡ
ˣû¶ˣȻɽɣѳԱӣú˯һ峿
ͷȥˡ
һˣлҵ϶
Щʡ
˵Ϊɶ·ͷ߰˳ߣ̼׷˺ǣԭǣӻ˺öȵȡ
ⲻһ𰸻ͨл϶ûжͻشˣҴơ
ǵĸԼˣĲһ˼һôȥʡ
ֻֿܣһǣ˵ľģһǣ·ô˵Ѿͳһھˣ⼸ûΪķ¶š
ǵڶǾˡ
ڲȥز̽ˣҪ֤ʵǵĻֻܵϴˡ
˺峿ФУξڣ˳˾䣬˵滰𣿡
ǣûٵ
峿ۣȥſʣµӡ
һӣ峿ͷ۲ѡ
⳵ӻδУͱˣһؼйܣ۹⣬˺ǵҲضܵӰ죬Ͼ
ǵǵĳһȫ˺㲿ٴﹺ֣׷ơ
ǣڹŴע̱ꡢĴ󻷾£ֻܳ
Խ峿Խסֶȱк鰡
˺Ű¶˵ˡ
⵽ԷмߣҵĹɷ̫٣ʧǵǮһ
峿һˣ˵ĳһʱ˱ӣ˵̬ȡ
峿ɲҪʲô˵̬ȣ¶׸һ˵һ飬ŵžˡ
ϾĸزūԼƲʧϢӶģ




92.  ھʮ  Ϣ   Ȱڡ

Ȼ, ûһ峿˷ŵĿ
ˣҲûŵţȥʣµ, ĸƷǼˡ
ȥǣǴȥ, ҩļҩΪ
֮, вƥԼһЩƷ
ϴܴ, ·ʱѻ¶ѲƥƷ, ЩһõŵĸˣʣҩԼҩӣȫסˡ
ҩȫƺֱõģѶȫˣʣµҩӶֽţͷд֡
峿Ͻ˰ϴҳˮļҩģͣ˸û˵ĵطˡ
֪ҩҪƺЧã, ûǸҪֲȱҩ, ȱˮʵҩİ, ٶȸ첻˵, Ҳˮһˮˣһ鿪ˡ
һҩĺ峿СĵķűķŽľ, ĸտʼЩʵҩģ÷򡣡

ǵ죬ȺЩˣܿɽ
֪ǲеģ£ФУξ͸˽Ծȥ˸ϣ߳Ա˵Ҳ𷢳죬ǽϣϣҾãϵĿԺܴ󡣡
Ϊʲô
Ѳ߶ǱϢˣ١·񡣡ФУξϣҪõʳһЩʿڶؾѲ߶ӵˣɽˡ
峿ͷûФУξǣǰѾɽټˣ常Ϣ֡
峿Դ˲⣬ʳʯһ׸ߵľڵҹֻҪСһ·˳ȥĺܣ̽ǳ¶
ФУξЩ˻ΪҵıϤΡ˵˵̽Ϣ׼ȷĸ¶ǰô׼ģȷǰǸĸϱ
峿šüϢȷʵ⡣
û峿Ƭ̺ҪôƳĿܣҿŲ񣬳Ҳ˵ˣ˺д确ҾãǱ˸⡣
Ǵ̽εĻ峿ָӵ˵㣬ܻ·
ФУξԾ϶ˣô𣿡
Ȼ̽ʲô峿ʣֱӳͺˣЩıɻиʦأǵµ̫޴˭뵽·أ
õ𣿡ФУξ⣬ֱӳ죬Ҳס
峿һҭûʼͲˣ
ǵʳҲƴİ˵ǽոոͻǲ̫ˡФУξ˵ѹſڣǽ˵ˣԭһǱ߱߾ԭ˽ڲȻǸԭ˿ɳ֮һҪˣ˵ҪලǱߣҲսβͣһץѱͷٲõϹЩǿɶˣͱˡ
˼ʳǲˣ峿ٿվôҲû뵽ʱ򣬻һҪϢ
ФУξְ̧£𼤶ǲܣǲɱɱЧȻǿԵģҲأ᲻ܵģҲˣڵƾ
峿ҲƣҲԭ˴ƽ߾ڲ⻼֮ס
ȻҪԼطٱŴ񣬱Ͷ·֮췴
У֪ˡ峿³һһʼҲûˡ
һĻԭȵļƻʹˣƬ̺峿ֻһҪ˱뱣ˣɽ㲻ùܡ
һɽĵ̣ҹаհ
ΨһĵˣˣҲۣ޹֮ˡ
֪еôˣ˵ʲôҲ꿪賿ŹţֱǸӰ
˵ٶҲûá
ģôˣʮ˶סФУξڰ֣ŵĵ
ǰĻ峿ֻһ롣

̫ɽʱ峿ɽϣҲѾˣͬʶռ
ըҩզˣ峿£С͵ģɱģԼŰ죬Ҫã
һСʱá
һСʱ峿õԲġعϡ
Ÿպһվͣգɺܶࡣ
峿˸ɰ˰гһ鷢һعϡըҩ÷ŵʱҪСġи֮ӳȥͻᱬը
˵꣬šعϡ˾ɫһףһͰѡعϡӳȥˡ
һ˸ţֱ⣬ؿڣһµĵ




93.  ھʮ     ÿϡ

峿Ͻסعϡ, Сĵ㡣
ңҺ¡˶Զ峿
峿, £ֻҪûΣ, Ҿ㱬ը, ըϸ첲, ֻҪ̫Σյġ
˭֪һ˵ҲವһûӰˡ
أ
ءϳһŹԴ
ô£
˵, ըҩ˭£
Ҳϣ
ϵʱͰ͵һţһſ򣬡Ҫ
峿Щ˵ʵˣ֪ôһͺŪˡ
ţҲ
, ȥɣϢй¶, 򡪡кˡ
, ǽ, ǾӲ֪С¡
ǸְһְģСţСôɱ
ɱɱǸɶ
İڰ, ûɶҿܸоˡ
˵ô˵ȴܿ϶ǾɱФУξż¶һ

峿ûԭƻڶ顣
ͨ˶ըҩη̫ʢõҲδܷӳӦеʵ
˷绻Щ
еӴĲǡ
ʵ֤ܿˣ·ԶҲ޲šعϡʮǧԶ
ʱȥФУξǱ߾ȻûϢ峿⡣
Ѿ͸ˣϹŵĴǰյûһ˿Ӱ
ڴǰŶ飬ɷʳ
ղ·Զ˵˸õϢܶʼȡµʳʵȴǣЩȡʳ֮δ뿪ڸ
ҪϣԷ̾ŶӰӴӴҴҪǡǰǲߣ⺢˯ýвѣܲܲ˺Ӳǡ
Щ˲ߣǧɵڣƫƫ޷
峿̫⡣
ֻϣǹ첻Ҫڡ

Żδҹ峿ץʱ䲹
ľƲ⣬ʱһҹ󣬴ųʱп̣ҵӡ
ǻ˯ʱ
ֵҹˣѰʱ򣬻˯ƫƫóƤӣʱͣӦ
ǾʦһѡʱͻȻʱûռеơ
ʱ䣬ǽҹҹΪһҹʳ񣬱뿪˵أ
ҵ˼峿ܿ硣
ҹʱ֣յһ죬̷𡣡
ǷЬӴţûһ·Զˡ
û
֮ǰûɶҵȻʳǡ·ԶЦˣһʱҲǸͷͷû
ĽͷȥϽȥϢɣ쳣һǵġ峿վֽţܿ״̬

˽ȫˣһʱҲǳʱʱŵ
Ǹʱˣ峿һӦǸʱ䣬·Զȴû
ûУˡϵĺˮϴˡ
ϴ󣬾ǰӻͷͷµСȫϴ
ǸͷͷˣΪʲôȥ𣿻ʲô
һƨϣС㣬֪ǷʮܣǷѾ˼Ϣǣмϴ˶˵ϴǿֻģܲ
ԣǾΪǸϴŵôáһ˽͵
֣ʲôҲûã峿ƬʵߵҲû͸¶һ˿㣿
ûУС㣬Ҿò̫ԣ϶ûô򵥡⼸յĹ۲죬Ǹϴ˵һǵµȴڸˣҾǸϴδزϷǳȥʲôʲô¶ôģ
԰ˣ
峿ĳļ򣬡żܻ֪ģˣղûȥˣھɽúóԶٷϢϢ
С㡪
ģҲΣǵļˣ峿ȥϢɡ
ڳЩʣ峿Щ뷨
޷ǲڸע⣬ȵʼʱóģܳ䲻⡣
ǸõӣɻǾ仰ھԵʵǰһıƶһ
ص꣬ѲߵĶԱһŵΧתơ
ФУξҲû˯ںڰſϣԶԶעš
ǽҹȻǡʱ̣ǽŵķΧƽĹȥ
ֱһ⴩Ʋأ峿ŷ˱񾭡
Ѳ߶ѾϢȥˣФУξҲûӰ·ԶţżææµµĿ˵̡
峿Ƿ·Զһɽ˯ȥˡ

һֱ˯
˻ܾý࣬ѵҪȥˣҪˣ
ԺţЬµأߵصһͷһֻˮ
üҲЩʪ
ѾƳˡ
ϴǴӸǴҩвٵʯ
ٲҩģ󲿷˻ҩһЩʵ˱顣
ֻû뵽ôͳɹˡ
ĸ˷峿ҩˮɽ
վȥɽ
϶ָһӡˣ͵һϡ
϶ޱȵԹί϶ѵðԼԣװɶҲ֪ӣ˼͵ߡ
Ҳ֪Ůզģ
𼱣Ȼ˵ĻԶҸŪ١峿ѹ
϶ĳԶˣͷһ۹ŮͷҪ˵ѲߵģŪɶŪ˷զ죿Ҳȱһϣǿ˷ˣЩԣȥιôмܳԡ
峿ʧЦãҴˣŪǣ˵ˣƤԣ
϶һ۵Ůͷ˶ӣɵĵɡ
ΨֹŮ˵ʲô׳ϽҸû˵ĵضˣ˵ɡҿ϶㱣ܡ
峿ˮݸ϶ϴ֣ҹĶܳԣײ
ˣ˵˰ٱˡ϶ͷİ֣˰ɣ㶼׼˰ɣЩĲӲɰɣУΣ͸Ͻܣ͵ЩˣۿǸʳģǶǰͷɱɵǰ壬Ҫиô͵ܵÿûǸ¶סʯЩʳײ
ףֲɵӣҵҪأ˵ȥɽˣϽĸøɶɶɡ峿һˡ
ɽ´ӱ濴ӡ
峿ҩˮ·ԶФУξϢң峿Ϲȥж𣿡
µĻͦ׼ʱǰߵġФУξŶȡ
ĸ򣿷ʲôû峿¡
˻ˣû˼ЩˣФУξŵĻ˼ںɽһǸϴж˸ϡ
ŴϢô죬ŰɡФУξǲż
˵ţһʿܲӣФУξǴϢ˵ȥˣֵǣÿϻ˲ٵʳ㹻ϰٺ˳Եˡ




94.  ھʮ     ɽ

ФУξ峿
峿ҡҡͷ, һʳĶǸĸӦЩܵģǴ, ⼸պܶ˿ʼһ·ϳԵʳԸɼӦǴЩϵʳ, Ǵôʳ߸ֻҪΡɹ, ɽϵʳȫǵˡ
ȻǸ˳ԵġФУξšü, ǻܴĶŪ֣ѵټİһɣ
Ƕ֪ˣ˶ĺãٲǸ˼, ҲᱻסԼ˼ϴԣ峿š
֮⣬иԭǣǶǱˣ治㹻û˻Ըðűǵķȥ¶Լ˵ĭӶ㡣
㵹ţ˵˵, Ǵôʳȥ
֣һҪ𣿡
û, ·ϵ˸һһģߵЩФУξҡҡͷ, ĶЩ, ǰͷĴ󲿶˾룬Ա
һǻʲôˣ
˵Щʳ, ͼ·
峿ФУξòЩŵĺܣΪԼʧܣҪȻҲڵڣ˵лв˵ʱޣ룬ʱһʳҲֵ֡
ô˵ʱвܶ˻Ƕ˼
˵Щŵĺܣһɹ
뵽峿̫ţԭİɣ
ԭȲ²⣬ǸϴȥȥˣڿŪȥˣĻʲôأ
ЩǱˣݣҲô˲ȥͶ
峿ܵòʲô
ǰʱűҴܽɫɷף˵ϢһȥʧˣûнӵϢ
ôܣǳ򣡡ФУξವվŴȷϢû
ФУξעӣһӵĺûǰϢδ˵ټµļǺӻʧǵڸѰҲδǻ˵ټ
˿϶Ǳˣǲ֪Ƿ񻹻šФУξɫϾٿת峿Щ˵û𣿡
һ˿ɷֲ˾еĳ򣬸ټеҲѰ
峿ȴȻЦˣԭû⣬ּܿое˲룬Ͳһ֮¶ˣҪǣϢΧӻ£
ФУξ۾һһȭͷϣ˵öԣѾͨˣо˲췴ôѹ
֮ǰӵֻѹö䣬Ķ˲ܣˡ
˵꣬ǣ˷ȥ
峿վԭؿǵӰԶ·Զ߹С·˰ɣоƽҵĻǾͰȫˣǸɶըҩҲϽغãóˡ
峿ûЦСüͷšü·һʱĻҲһʱȸϵҲڣȻһ˳Ļ˳ǾͲõɶʱˡ
תۿ·ԶҲпǹʲ󣬵ɽ֮һСģסʳԲҪˣһҪԼˡ
ȥ˰ɽԼĻ˵ˡ
˲áعϡ峿ȫø϶ǱģЩ嵽ҪʳϽܣȥأʱһģ񲻿ϷŹǣҪɱ˵ĻĻӳȥЩعϡһӡ
Ѿ嵰ѾҲǡ϶峿ӣǽȥ¶
ãɽϲȫģ˺Լˡ峿СȻΪΪɶҪϷ˵պϸ̸˰ʱ㣬عϡţʡ
ɽеĵط»֮ϿΣʵĶУ˷˲ƽ˳
嵰ִѾӿˣ˶Ժ͵͵ϡ
峿˸ϻȥ
ʣµĶǴ˻ʮꡣ
峿ĸ̫̫Լ·Զ˵ļЩŮǽ񣬵Ӵļȫt̨ϼӣĸȼ׳Ůֶһųڣ̫̫ڲ
峿ץ˰˿ݸĸǡ
ֵ˳»֮ڿʼкӶڽﲻ̫̫ġ
һеĶ̼ҵˡ
Сզ¶峿ʵʵ˵ǿԷģڣа˳ɵİղǳ嵽ɽ
С̣ûһͿ̼ҵ˿ʼжˣϷ˴˼ȫȥƶķϼӹһ㡣
֪ǲǳ̼ҵӣɽ϶ʱɱĸоŮǽ壬רעңԶĸֱͦսĿʱƴ
峿һ˵Ŀһ룬һʣµըҩ
װ˵ǴըҩѾϵľͷ˴ſյòڡ
Ҹо̫ԣŵ㣬ɽϿɾͽˣЩӣˡ峿ӣǰ˵
һǴӦ˵˼ɡ
ţӸϴһӵķ䡣
һ˹ȥˣ
ˣ̫˵˻ͱȥˡ˵
峿ĵͷҲˣȥЪɡ
зִ磬æȥϴڰ֣ġ
峿̾ȥɣɽǵһĿ꣬ФУξڵ£ڣöš
տϢҵţǰǸҴܽ棬С㣬Уξ˵ڣеϢҲһݡǸյõϢʮд֣ڶˣʮ




95.  ھʮ  ̰Ĳ   ҪƲҪ

峿ͣס, ʶţ˵һ飡
ѻظһˡ
峿һȳԾڡϴô, ӵʮƥĶ飬ǾȻû˿, ζ, ܵȲˣ
ʱ
ʮ, Ǵ̽Ϣ˿ģʮò˰Сʱܵ
Ȼ, ȻϣͬҲõȻǰ֪ϢǰԱ롣
峿̧۳ϵ̫ԼĪһʱʱʱ䣬ڸǲʱ
ս˫ͬģķӣûҹɫ, ˼ɡ
һ·Զ, ԤҪ⣬֪Ķðٶ, лʮ, ʱ䲻ˣ˹رմڣɽ
ФУξµĸ, Ѿʼڣ꿪ʼˡ
ΪɶشӣǻûһءرյĴڻδϣͱصһȭͷڣǶһʳģҲġ
һԥˣȸ˶һߣֱӹشӣ
һԼˡӦˣ˵Ӵߴٵߣ
С˵ǲҪ˼Ҳÿֻ̫࣬ҪԼ
ǣӻûأ۳Ŵӵµʳһ͵զ죿
뷨ðͼӿǸ¶˱·ԶһĻɵϽ֣㣬㡣
˷Ӧ죬ʱѾˣͷղǺӾԸĺ
ڷݱĿյϼϣ·ԶˣģɶҲ˵Ͻߣ
˵գתߣŲǱ׷
Լˡ˵Ų߾ǣǼۣ֮ǰҲûǺĺܣ˵˲ʣ׷·Զƨɺʣզ¶۴ӺҲأҸ˵Щɲǻһ׶ʣˡ
иʮˣȻͣȻǲҪЩʳˣ˱ˣǰɣ֮Ҳٸ˫ĹǮˣ
˵꣬תˡ
վסһ㲻Ҫǰɣ·Զץˣץ˸ղ˵Ϊ۵һΪۣʣµļ۶һۣðϲɫȥȥߣܵĿ죬ܿ׷ǡ
Ǹһ׼ȥץסǣ·Զʣ¼ס⼸ҪǮҪļһ
ÿҷǲĳԺȣһСŶأʦֵܾǮƵջദǷ飬ȭͷƿ·ˡ
и˵ˣҵôʳҪҲգ
ǺͿ·ԶİӶˣ͵һţˣǲҪǻҪߣϽߣ
ȥļƿžͿ׳˴ڣҪ˲۾Щʳ˲ҪˣҲӦãôЩʳǵˣЩʳǵǵĲأ
Ѿģһ˻һȭͷڷĺϡ
ǿܵҪˣ⹷**ģǺҲǺǵģһµ۵ȴš
ڵƶԽԽ󣬺ܿ˷˰֣ת֮䣬۱ڵϡ
ʱͬҲˣֵܣ
죬ϽҲк֡
ת֮䣬һȺ˴һţΰʡʳڵء
Աߵķ䣬Ҳһҡ
˿̵⣬ûбö١
ϴֵµĻյϢڡϴ󡯵֮ǰܵҡ
һǿ׳ӣǰĺһ꣬ʣµ˹ĶסЩʿ
ʱݺƵû죬ͷסʿǣʣΪɶͻȻ˵꣬ǻкЩ˶Ŷӣûжһ
˶ˣɶ¶ˣǽ
㿴ﶼˣ˼ʮ·ΪһʳģͻȻöһզ¶
Ϊɶˣǵĵ𣿡
ǣû˵ƾɶǣ
ӴĴˣҿ쿴Щİˣﰡ۾ɣҲҪˣĸһడ
ǰʿǶֱЩ񣡡
ǺųìŽɱӵȺƼźˣв˳˺ͷѵǣ˳ŻҰ͵Ϯǣ˭ֶ֪
ֻҪìɱϼ˾׵סЩˣƫƫͷ˺ͨգǿҪˣôȥסЩ񡣡




96.  ھʮ     Ƥ

һֱƼǽ, Ҳ˲ãЩȻƼš
ҪǽƵ𣿡
ûܳˡ
ʯͷǽûôƵ, ʿǱмһıɣѡ
˵, ǵעܿ챻תˡ
Ĵ, һŵ, ڵȥõʳĴ̼ǵ񾭡
֪˭һ䣬ʳˣ
˵ȫʿ׼Щڡ

, 㡣
ӵ
ˣÿ
ҵģ߿

˳ȫխĴӿȥõһӴ˽ȥõģ, ߰˸˼һڣò׼ȥ, ܿи˸
˽кôģǰѽѷֵۺͼ̷ֿ, ͳһս, һ¶񣬶һʳ
ʿ³һȺз϶, Ͻк뿪
ڹٵϾۼʿıԹզŪЩ˸ǷӣٻȥǵøŪɡ
ǣҪɽﳷɡ
Уξ˻ûĲֿǿԽԽ࣬ôȥ֪Ҫˡ
԰զϽ

ãˣ˺
ǻͷȥͼȺ֪ʲôˣеĴŮģΧŹ׳һӺԼȹ
ǿֻĻߣһСˤܿ챻˳ûĽŲ̤ȥȶͱһ̲࡭
˵Ĺʯĵ˴Ѫʿʣ٣Ѫզôճɶ
ΪѪ⡣оϱ̾ôҵ£ôܲأ
Ҫ޹ˣһʼסˣڣΪʱ
ФУξµĸҲɫѿȥɽ㡣
֪ѾʧȻ˿ȥء壬ô˵ʿȥ
ǵޣ˶Կ˼ǧˣûҪԼȥ
˳ӿɽʱ򻹻ᱻȥǰˣҲβ
ʿ٣ǲ𣿡
һСŮ߶ˣˤˣܿ˫ŵĲ̤±һ̲࣬ǾôˣиСŮ·и޹ɥڽ¡
ϱһƺȥ˴ѣ㲻Ҫ𣿡
οЩ˿Ǳ
ǲɱѾˣˣϱҡҡͷ⺢ӻͷúúý̡̽
곤һѵý͵Щ˾ȡ̰ģҪװ׵õʳЩһܻĺúõģǼȻһʼ֣ȫ̾ͲҪˣиۼѰϣһΣ͵һѪĽѵ
˶̰ģкܶʹˣо飬Ԥ̰ĵĺǿµģԼԼͼ˵̰ģԶţĮĿһС
˿̣Щ˵ļһĿ⸴ӵĿԼҳдźûвͽȥٱסźǣδôù˵Ҳǰ˶еһ
Σ⣬һĲǣ
곤Įעһ֪ˣߣ

Ļ¿峿Ҳܲµ󵽡
ûһİ̾һ䣬龰öˣĩʮ꣬ٻ˲ͬĺˡ
ɽЩӣҲ˵ĵ߰ˡ
·Զ˳Ҳ뿪֪꣬ͨ϶˳롣
ֿܿûˣ϶ģ͵͵ܻˡ
ɶ
Ҳ㣬ɽ˶ֻ࣬һˣ㡣
û뵽ʵӻôůĵһ졣
аɣ°ɡһڻס
˵Щˣαأ̰ᡣ϶ɽµĶҡҡͷ벻ͨЩʳ𣿰װױЩˣͲþ֪ȫ˻ɽˡ
ܳԿ𣿡峿ЦЦְ̧ϣۿɼٶȱȥ϶򿪿ӣ˵ʳˣʳҶûУ
ãƤ϶ߺ޵ĵһʳҲô
ʮӰʳع峿ã̫࣬ŵˣɽԱߵĵ೤ƻͷܽˡ
ȥ϶ʵ
ȥɽ¿˸ˡ峿˵ָҡ
ɶ϶֡
۾͡峿˵꣬Ӱɿһ£ٳѾ֮ˡ
϶ûĸоĴţ峿ۣŷѾɽ£īɫľȥԶٵ̳õõõ




97.  ھʮ     ơ

㶵Ŀ, ֱٽɽӰܶ, ϶ŴͣԲ۾ԼҹŮ, զ, զô, Ҷûо
ôܵġ峿ӹͷ˸ܲĶ, ߰ɡ
ҲЩɶ𣿡
ǿԣˣЩ˵Ĵ󵶺ٶȣٲ߾ͱ˷ˡʲô峿û뵽Ҫ˳˳ˮˣǿܣ˭ЩСķ, ̫Ʈˡ
϶صɽɽ
Ǿŵ, ǰ̽һġ
Ȼ, 峿ҲܸɵŲ, һиԳģǵȥɽǺԺʧ 
ٺ϶, 峿ڵϣһְڵϣһʮźɫģӲǵӡ
ǺŴģĩĴ٣ٳӲϱ鲼ɫ̣жѪҺ꣬ԼԴѪҺֲɱ֡
ȻʮӲδѪҺʧȥԭеԣĴپֲͨˡ
ܹʹϼɴŶԣԴܶһ˺
һһֿʮѿתۼ鲼ɽΧ
ɫӣɽºɽϡ
ûһ峿֣ͣɫ֡
ôˣ϶æʵ
Щʿˡ峿ǹһĨ˵õɽأ
ҲҿЩ˸ı⣬ڰվͷҪϵĻ·Զδüܡ
ФУξڻûȻָǡ
ܿЩˣ峿Ŵټ£ܿ졮˺ܶ񷭹ųĿһ£ɽ

峿ȵĿһż˷ܵϤףûмǴĻۼְİɣ֮ӡΪܻĳȥÿβѶӳԳŲߡ
·Զ˻ɽôЩһ
峿ɫһ䣬·Զûģɣ
ܣ·ԶһֱУ֪е
ȻѰһ飬ֻû·Զǣɿһ
·ԶԼ߰ѰæΨһĿܾЩΪʲôЩ˻˵ɡ
峿ţĶЩܵ͵Ϯˤˡ
ͻȻԼһקһƬڰУŴҪȣ˲һſɬ̴˿ǻ
˽һƬʹżĿűܹԼ
ͻȻ۵Χ˸һ£˻౧Թûһʹһ𡭡
Щ񲻹ں֮ڣǳ䵱ڻҵġ
峿עЩֳֿ׺ޱȵϡ
絽ʮѾ쵽ɽˣʱ͸ʸϵĴ١Щ˵ĺϱŹ
ɲʵھͰ˽ˣǳֵĻᣬǾ̫Զˣޡ
˵ʱŪľܳ
ɽٴδԭǺҲѾɽ¡
ʱѾɽӵĴٴϢԭɽϵ˲ԴУҲ峿һ˿ţ·ԶΪףŲʢлԶˣſҪɽ֧Ԯ
峿̲סȷæҵģ
϶һסû⣬һʮҲûͷ۰
г̼Ϲɶ
ųϷ˼ľСҲȥæ֪˵ʲôˡ
ô׸ǵһߵİ
ůůġ
ˣ׸׸ɣʵڲŪҲһˡ
ѽҲˣ˵𣿡
峿Ķš
Ů𼱣ʵڲȥСعϡЩ˾Ҳߡ
Ҳͷˣʮˣ׺ĺܣȫſȻ۰ɡҪѪ϶Żˣ˵ţѾðһӿݵľͷƬơ
¡϶İڰ֣ûʶԼҹŮҪɶ
Ӽ䴫ĽŲ峿һƿ϶һֻţʮ֧ϰ֧˷ˡ
Щ˾Ȼܹ˴ٵļӣΧ
峿̧סٳȥ˳̧Űɵ㶵϶ɽ
ٻղĽŲ˷ļ꣬峿ӿ𲻺õԤС
²Щʱ򡣡
޷еļʸҲܵסеļʸֻܻסҪλɱм峿ϡ
޸˿ڶ˵⣬Ӧ̫Կˣ
峿ϵĶһϲٶԽԽ죬ԽԽ࣬ûһṦϼ˴⬣һһ޸弸ľˣ϶Ÿ޺Ҫ
峿һ֦ЩûȥϽץˣӿкɫĴ֧壬̣һ¿ּ们д
ûʲôйֺȻʵ




98.  ھʮ  Ů   ŮŮ

ûС
ϻ, սپǵ֮ǰʯ룡Ա˳
յ裬׼£
˭֪˻, ˵Ĺٴεûʲô
ӣⶨа
, أ
岻ǿϸ
˲ˡ
ܡ
, ھ֨һ
ԭ˵ȤĹǱ, гವļûĻӦ
ʱ˲žòԡ
ͷĲ˳, 򶨣ûбˣ϶ڸˣ̲쿴ͬǷڸŶʮһͣ£ȥѰ塣
յ
Ŷʮһٳδ
ͷʱʶ˲, ȻͼСȻ˶ֱ
ͷ˺óӴ졣
ͷ
ûеõӦ, ˵ˣԼĹ߼, ԶӰܶ, ½Ĺֻ㼯

һͣ峿µӦ÷Լٵ¶û뵽Щ˻ôӦ
˻㼯һûô°, 峿ϧôͣ˶Ŵٽǰ㵽˸ϳ
нŲڣ˲δ쳣
Ǵ˿ųɹУ˿ķŰеĸ֡

һʮ塣
ͷ˱沿ʮ˳ֹʣʮˣһ飬ǰ
ͷ𣿡
˵оиִڣֹһ£Ӧõʣµٶ֡
ȣȰ塢ŶʮһǾȳɫڳΪһССɽͷµЩҲѲɶ˭֪մ㵹Ǳһڡ
Ҳãһˣ˵׽㣬ͷҲٷơ
ԣĻᣬøЩ˵ġ

ϳѾжˣɫϣ˫۽գȫѾԹȥˡ
峿ذһĿڲһ˲ȫϾ
϶Ůڰɣӵɽ²ˡ
ʥĸģǲŮմѪ
Щ˱ɱˡ
һݲͬһ㣬֮ᱻһҡ
ЩѾֲ֪ܿˣһ˵ȥ𿴸İնܸжһգۡ
Ϊɶ㻹С¶ɣѵɱ϶ż
á
ľذ׻Ǳ϶ߣʬؿֲһǳǳ˿ڣҪǻţѪµġ
ȥҪˡ峿䶯˶ʾ϶ɽš
䣬죬ʮ׳ɱĿķɢһĺâ
ЩٶȺܿ죬գۼ䵽˽ǰ˵ȰɽΧˡ
ɣ֪ˣﵹӣԶǧش˵أνľȼ񣬲ǸӣĿģƱɣ
峿գգۣ˵ɶΪɶ
ؼǣ˻ɽ˵
ĪߴƬĸоô¶
϶źҲЩ£ҿɽôһףʬ壬Ķ˰
ǵˣҲЦһ̧˸°ƣԭΧŵˣѸɽڿ£Χ峿ҲѸٽӽ峿뿴ǾҪûг֣Ѵ󵶺ĲΧ
ʮҵٲݹС￪
˵һ
ȿȣ⣬һ¡峿˵˾ɽ棬ԼȥҰɡ
ߣ׼Ҳ֪ѾúˣҵԼȻͷҲǸĺģֱӰڵϣһȣ峿ŭˣҲûǸ鿴˷ˣһĿѵһת߷ΧļˣͷģӦʮֿ죬Ȼܿߡ
ʣµĬΧΧ£ʮѿ˷ͬʱɽǰҲѸپٵ˽ȥ
峿á
ɽûͷĸֻ֣϶ʬ壬Щ˿ʬ廹÷񣬵ʱ϶С
峿˲ˣٴӵϷ𣬷ɿڰвƣգۼʮˣϼƤУЩɫۿɼٶȷڷϣûһͲˣҲû
ͷԼʣµ˼״ĿѣĿŭ𣬺޲ýʬ
ͷʮֵǣЩۣɷϣʵǣЩŮģ
һ˲䣬ͨ˺ܶ࣬£ûʱٶˡ
ɽɽŮɽй˼ɣȽɽ
峿ôܾôߣ
ŵĺɫĴգһŴبڶ֮ǰ
ͷȥˡǸղſɶЩж
ŮŮŮͷûգ֪˭һ䡣




99.  ھʮ     Ů

峿һ, Ȼ֪ܣͱˣ
ٷٶȸ죬գۼǰͷļ, ˼״̻һߺһߴ, ͷ
𣡡ͷ˾ſһȿϴ, ٿſɲ, Ҳֲֻͨһȥ̶ϳ, 罦īɫ֭Һ
Ǻܿ죬µĴٲԴԴϵĳҪΧǡ
˶Ҳܿ˵˻ѡ
캵ȱˮٱһʱҪĶ࣬һȥȼ
峿̸оһδϢ, ϶Ӧ
һϷͷ̺ȫϻ, Ҫɢȫһ, Ůûֲ, ụֵ̂ǣû, ȥֵǱ𣡡
Ѿʧ˴֣ٷɢᱻŮһ˵ġ
峿һԴԴϵͷţĴԴԴϵĳ֣ðؼû㶼֪Ǵð
뿳ɣһûӰˣհɣյԼˣƻĺƻ˰ĺ꣬ץβ͡
ۿһƬþٴλͷ˲ԽԽ˱󡢻ۣתۼʣ޼ùġ
Ů˵ľ޾ЩжĴôղ꣬ټʧ࣬ǲʺڴ˵ضˣҪʣµ˻ϣϢݳȥ
һ飬ٰ˽ȳһڻ˳ˡͷ䲻⵽ֵĹͣŮ̫аˣܰѵȫ
Ҳ֪ŮͬѰˣǿԶԸģȳȷʵǡ
Ȼ֪ҵܣһҲˣ峿ǹһĨ˰
ʣɫһ䣬ʱҵĿͷˡ
ͷʲô򶨣󣡡
ͷ˱һ򶨣ʵҲЩţҪ֮ǰûֹΣһ֪ʹ֪ӦŮ
ôҲƾʵģһ˽ԸЩ٣һ߿˼ڤӦŮŮ
ȵȣ۾һǲǱĩˣпնԸЩ٣ΪβŮ
ֻҪŮЩȻ⣡
ͷ̴һźţʣµԶΪһӦԴ٣ʣµһֻˣͷһҲѸٽһС󣬱ߴ٣峿߽ӽ
ͷ˿峿ԭȲũŮˣ֪ʲôԭֲܹн˶ѣû䣬ʺãͬʱϾͲòֻҪŮʧһ֣Ҳܽˣ
˵Ľӽ峿ЦһС˭أ
һǸͷֵߣֻҪʣµȺףΪ壡
ã߹ȥˣ
˸պ뵽һȥˣ峿Ȼ¶ţһֱֻƴپ󡣡
ʱţٵڼ٣һϲŮıҲ޾ģ
ͷٴδһźţǲ̼ӿٶȣ峿ϳһĨңҲڳ˴󣬾Ȼٲ˸һȥˡ
ͷһϲ̿ٿ峿ܿΧס峿ЦźŮȥɣ
ͷ˿峿ĲӣʣµҲûţͬʱŮоҲֻֻ첲סѵİѵأͲſ
峿ۣãɿ٣͵һܿѿͬʱһ˦ȥסһ˵ȣһ˻δӦˤڵأǿקһ˫ϵֺĿ˳ƷתһѪоһƬȣһϢˡ
¾ţͷ˱ߵĺһĻ̼屬Ǳܣɸߣֱ峿Ů
ɫĵתȦһסһѿĦ̶ͷֻûڷ飬ҪֶȥһѿжѳƬӵ¡
ͬʱٺˡ
峿Ŀͷˣ˵С٣Ҫ֪֮
ԭΪ䲻бˣԸˡ
峿ս˶ϵ뾡ɱˡ
ͷԾŮ࣬Ȼ֪СɻǳԤϣܾŮǿ޷߳ˡ
һνӴ˶жŶԷʵ
ԷȷʵǸ֣
һϢٴγԷ
ӣͷٷתգ֮䣬ǶѾ˶ʮ




100.  һ  Ļ   Щݲԡ

峿һĽסˡ
֪, ûܣһ˵Ķ֡
Ǹ֡
ǿϧˣ֮ա
˿˶ʮ൶ʱ, ѾϢ峿סһ, ͵ѹ, , ǵͨ죬סѹǺܿϧ, ǿ͵ģֻҪԸ⣡
ڡ
ؽĽ峿̧Ųϣûһٰ˸ʵʵ
ͷʣµļ˾ŵĺ
峿ϵһһɿЩ˵ıĹһһſϣٸ۾Ƶӹȥһ
¶
ˣɽðԴʵ
ˣɡ峿кһ
϶, û˶ĸƵ˵ɴ۾, ŵĵ㣬ǰЩߵ, ˲ڣ
Ȼء, Ͻ˭ģĿʲô, ʵһ˵ȫʬ
ͷ˱첻˵ˡ
峿̧༸ˣ˵ɣ˵ҾŪЩֵܡ
ִǰԵһľӽѪӳ˶һǣҲ˵ɱ˾ɱˡ
㣬Ů㲻úһĻ̼Щȫۣĸˡ
˵ǲ˵峿˵˵ǾͶȥɣ
𡪡϶˵ԼͼϵȫԹȥٴЩʬ塯ɽ
Ѿˡ϶СܼЩʬ塯һѣأȺأ˵ˣЩ˽㻹СϲմѪ
Ż˵ģѪǷѽԳԵġ峿ذ׵ݹȥ㳢ڵġ

·ԶǵˣղЩˣҪ֪Ūɽ峿
Ϊɶ϶䣬˴ܳС㣬ôˣ
Һأ֮ǰһˣҴˡ峿¶Ϻͱϵļͷ֮ǰʱͷִģֻۣǰģֱϣС
֮ǰ϶һֱûֱûаεļͷˣ۾ˣҪѾ˵˲֪ЩɽھᵽȥЩˡ
զεΣŵ㡣϶ľͷذףŹŮϵѪ֮ǰΪЩ˵ġ
Ρ峿ܿͷֱӰΡ

·ԶϽȻһ£С㣬Щ˴ĶŪļĳզ
֪ǸϴĵڶҪˣСģֵĸǰͷӦУĸһ飬һ˴ˣĸ˺򡣡
峿Щȡڶ˵û˼ҲпҸǿ׳һǻġ
ٿߣǳ̼ҵʮˡ
ʣµ廨ŵʲôͷ֮ģŸ˼ҵľûȡ
Żĳһ״ǹ
ҪóɱܻҪ£
ôһˣʱݱɶԤơ
㵽ǰͷûģ峿ʡ
ңҡ
ģ㹦İŵǰ棬һšعϡһӵ˶ȥԶӣȻͷſ¡
˵꣬Ѻ࣬ҲˣʱôͣЩϾˣҪôס죿ǣ
ɿŭŮˣôˣҪӵ𣿡
û˿峿ָߵĴֲֳϵ𣿡
֮ǰأȫɱˣɽ
ûУŪˣء֪Ǹϴ󡯴ĶŪ֣ԼĪʮˣ֣ԶЩҾݿЩ⣬ͷܲʳɶ
ԭΪЩ춥Щû뵽ŪôЩԣб˶ǣӦԲãʯܻٸΣ
У֪ˣٲÿ͸ùˡźЦĿʱ̽ĹԴ
ֻͷײˡ
ǣصעһЩЩ˵ı顣峿һݣֲֻͨоͨʵġ
㻳ЩǾ֮ˣ
ǵġ峿˳ʮƣʾ϶æãƹڵľͿüȥԴҡҡͷС̣⼸š

ΪФУξ˸Ǹϴ󡯴ײˣܿһôһЩ桯ǲɽһǰ·ûڵò˶þͳ˰мˡ
ǽٵĽЩ񣬵峿ûǰѡعϡ¶ЩҲóԸʵˡ




101.  һһ  ڻ   档

˾ﲻԶ, 򶷵ܿ촫
ϵǣյĹ򣬴ȻԮˡ
Щʮ׺, ǵסˣǹУξϣܰæ
峿ü, Щʿ򲻹, ͨϰվܴˣ
, СС͵Уξ˵ϲֲܳǳ֣ϣܰһ֡
峿̲סЦ, ǰȫģ˸Ϻȵĺְ
ĿҲܿգǲɱˣԷҰ·ӳزɣ׺쳣Ѿֵˡ
峿һ⻰ò, Ұ·ӳ
񰡣ĸҰ·ӻģ
׺, ϾǰһҲһҪأ
Ƭ̣峿ɿ, Ҹȥ
ߵʱ, ̼ҵĻԺ
Ŵһ˶ؾͿһˡ
ФУξΪ˼ɣʱŲ, һֱڳԿˣէһۿȥȷʵ׺һС磬¶⣬žͲǺˡ
ͬĿѪԴȥ
ǰһĹͨòصĴ򷨱ȷʵһ·ˡ
ô¶
峿е¡

ԱߴʿǵĲҽмʿѪĵȥ¶̵ЦУξ޿ˣ۾˻ţֵǣҪˣɱ
ŹУξŭͬȾѪӰε£ʣͲˣŹУξĺʣµڲãóǵ汾£ԭѹƵһܿ춥ס˲˵ܿ㷴ȥ
ã
峿ʹɫλġعϡϽ˶һôӰ
ڳʱ֮ȥ˹Уξܿ콫Ϣȥһ峿Ϳ˾صĻӶš
˻ȥ׼ᣬ峿һԾš׷ӳˡعϡ
¡¡
ıը󣬳гƬ̵İ
׼峿Уξ˴ػ̧ͷŶԷûӦʱ򣬹Уξ̴˳ˣ
峿Բ۾֪˵ɶˡ
ߡЦһ峿̼ҵĻԺ֡
ϤΣЩʿǰһصɽ
ôôͻˣ϶æӭǱզˣФУξǻ𣿡
ФУξɽˡ峿ҴҳۺţȻһЦ̵࣬һصĹУξѾˣȻǾܼˡ
˵ܲٲܲٵֺתˣȵԱ
϶״Ͻк˰æԱѾЩ˵Ĳᣬ͵ɽ򿴿
ǸϽ̧ȥɡⲨԱ峿˳ְ϶Щ޴ĸŪصɽ
϶ٱҲˣĵĺܣһ¾͸ˡ
·Զߣɱ϶ˣһӾͿԼСɫˣż϶ԭ峿˵һ飬¼黫ܹܣҲĿ֪࣬ηӦˡ
УξǵûһЩҲܿ׷𽥷ΪϤΣԶ·ټϰмż䵽档
ķŶ׼ȷ˵˰ɽ
Ǹϴ󡯿֮û̷ϮЩɢּΣż˸ʣĻԼϣɿһѷĳ档
ںŵʵʱУ峿µϴ󡯵⣬ǰġعϡŻЩˣΪ˷ֹ֣Ȼһڻҡǰˡ
Ȼ֪ϴ󡯵⣬峿òϵǵĶּЩˣûҪʱ˷ϡ
Ϊ϶˵뿪عϡѾ·䵽˳̼ҼԺ
ǼֿƬӾˣס峿һζûⶫֱûЧ˵һʶķӻǵö
δȻ峿ò
ŻԺǸ˿ȥ峿ҲѰ˿ȥҰһӺǳġڻҡǻǶġ۵ס
ʳ治֪ǳΣգǻǰ壬ռɽռֵʳƵá
һ˲䣬峿룬ҪҪߴ˺ˣɽøǣЩúÿһֵʳҲһϣ˲ľһʳҲҲ֪ϴ󡯻᲻ᱻ˺ˡ
룬峿ûôΪվźܶ޹ˣһˣܻܿᲨǡ
ɽûһʳȷʵ¶ܿһʱ




102.  һ  ħ   һ̳š

ܿ, ˾дĽŲ峿¿ȥݻƵ, Ӱٴ󣬻ǵõ׼ȷϢ, ־⸽, ǿϲ, ʮת֮䣬һȺ˾ͽӽ¡ 
ԱϵĻԺǷӡعϡ, 峿ҡҡͷڻõʱȵš
ǰһ˳˴ɽǰĿյϡ
϶˻ɽˣʣµһ˸峿ϵȴʱһѾɢڸϣУξҲѸٳˣʱһ, ǰ棬ֻһڶɽڡ
֪ǲ, ǵ壬ɽ, ǲԼͬͣ
Ǻǰ, һɽǰ񣬻ԴԴϵ
˹, 峿̸ĻԺƣˣ
峿ҲһȺܼĵطȥŶȴըȥ
ֻ¡¡һ죬ҽڶѪζ˲ڱǶˡ
ӹȥſ֣ըѾֹͣɽǰѾˣŵ񵽴أмıŶ֫ڵϰû˵ľѪ
峿һɨһ˵ˡ
ѼԺȱ𶯣ٴ˽Ų
峿ɿݵ֦¿Щ׺ɽ˵ˣͷǸʶصģɲǻ졮ϴ󡯡
ǾûҩڻҶţԸȫˣ͸Ҵֵˣ
峿Ц鱨ÿɲð
̸šعϡĻԺƣָӡ
Ҫ˵ղŵĶ֮ô󣬳ˡعϡһ棬ʵҪ峿ղһŴӺףըЧá
ĿǰﻹмŴᵯᵯ۸Чãˣ᲻øЩá
ڵЩˣ峿ҲݵģռɽΪˣ񼯽רЩٹĽٷˣĶɱҲûɱˣϧ͸ըҩǺһ¡
ڻҡһعϡʣµ˻ͦģǸϴðͷ̰øŵʮСԶ㣬ٺŵЩҲԾطɢ
ѾԡعϡĹˡ
峿Ħ°ָ̧ͣԺ˸ƣʾǸɽ
ˣµġϴƵɽڡ
ϴǵ֣֮ǰ̽ʱ򣬿ʳֹккöסӣˮϣͷȫô󡣡Сܿŵǰ˸Ȧ峿ˣе㲻˼
ϴҪӢ쵼Ҳ滹û˽ȥ͵һȥءһСܼǰƨ
ǣϴЩ˵С¶ˣΧǶˣûˣȫĺܣʳɶǵˡһСܲʾ
˵һͨϴȴʲôʾҲûУüСЩƣѵ˵Ĳԣ
죬𽥾ۼϴߵϵʬ壬ʰһ£Źֶ˵ġ
䣬תϴЦݣСܵһ׳˶ǰ磬ҵ˼ˣЩըҩһȺôˣɽأɽȲżҹ·һնָ࣬ǰӵĴ˰죬ۻ˰ɣɽҸ˵ķʳģʳУЩϡϡݮУһֱעأû˽͵ŻȽȥ
׳˶˺⡮ϴ󡯵ʶȤһڡϴ󡯵ļϣۿɼϴ󡯵С屻СۼֿļŲûһƨϣãģõʯˣʳͲһ֣粻ġ
峿ֱֿ˲ˣϽס͡
˵ͬСС֮ǰͷǸ˵
һΣǼʶ˲ٺ֣ǿϧ¶

ͷϷ峿סɿݵ֦۾档
ڡϴ󡯵£ߵ˶ڡ
Ƿˣӻͦģ˵Ѫζ
ǼȽˡ
ҼȽȥɶԸ
ϴûŵѪζתһ룬һ沼壬СһΪá
һС֣ѻķԸȥ
Сܸͬ˼䣬۾ܵ˸Ҵȥ
ܶΪǰıը⣬ں棬ȱлЩʳҲС
ǴǲĵģǷŭԹ޵ġ
ŭɽϵ˼񶾣ըҩըǽһˣԹԼǰͷŵЩˡ
Щ֯һúܶ˵ŤţƺֻԻЩԹ
ɲԸ뿪ԶԶĿţﻹϣ˵˵ѾˣӭӵгԲʳ֭ϡ
˲ûվһߡ
һαÿǰߣɽһֻŴͣ͵ߵĹޡ
ŵȲʵͷˣƳԱߣվһͱһ׵ĵ˼£ѪҺͻܲѪȵһĻ
ϴһݣ˰ѿϣĸϽȥ
ȥ˲һٲĥˣ˰ſ߽ɽ
ɽڲ󣬹ŶڱԵһ㣬ˡ
̤ɽ˴ߴҧ˼ֱһ˱ϵĶˣɽ𼸵Ӵ
һǶɫһ䣬һƨϵŵغˣˣˡ
òֽŲǡ޿ڡһѿڲϡ
΢һͱ棬߹ǰ档
ż˸ں棬˻ѹ
˹ߣľʬǰϳȥ
Ǻܿû˼ȥЩȥôˣΪտҲûһʳ
һʳҲûУһ
ϴʶã̴׳գ֪Ҫ˼ֲɵȻҪʳˣʳ϶ɽϡ
ϴҲܷ꣬ôʳôڲһʱģ
ʳˣΪλҪͿ
һڣʢߣɽռʯ롣
ȵ죬Ԥеûˣֻɱˣϴ󡯶ҽǰƨˡ

峿͵͵һĻû˹עϣûб֡
ߵ˿˵ˣʣµĶǵˣ峿Ȼܷˡ
ǰĴѾ˵棬峿֣һ˳Ÿѵ

ʲôͣ½ţתĴīɫĴ
ϴ󡯵˽һãȻʲô
ûж𣿡ʵ
˶ҡͷ
峿ﰲĴ٣ѾСٶȺͨ˺ע⵽ҪôڳҪôǰͷһһйӡ

Ѿͣ£ȥȻʲôҲû
ߣǶȴ߸ߵԶԸղŵģһʮ־ˡ
峿ԥ̿ƴٷ𣬵һ򻢸硣
׳˶С޷ס
ȻٻδǻץסټӲ絹ȥΣʱ򣬵ವһ»һѴ٣˳ŻĽûһ
粢⣬Ťͷûæǣŷȫٲסһʱ޷
εϵĴ٣һϵĴ٣ϵûйܣС˶˵Ǵ⡣
㣬Щаţ뿪ֲһ˲ٿأֻ벻ôٰ뷨ġ
Ҫץסˡ
ֻ뷨Ÿ¶ͷ̲סһˤڵϣСϾҵʹƲסҵĺС
磬ôˣ¹˲Լæܹʵ
Щ⡣ҧͷðĺ飬ס鵲סߣСʪģҵȣ쿴ҵô¶
ļ¸Ͻקϲ˺üĴ٣¶ɫĿȣһָͷϸӲľ˺ȣ˵˵ٴü˵Ĳҽҵȡ
Щ˱ڵϴɼ۵˼㡣
ôˣǿʹʵ
ţ־壬硪
ǿʹŭͷͿϲһغɫӲľ¶ͷָֻͷϸ˿棬ľͷȻȭͷϸǻڳ󣬼ҪϵƤ
絹һγҰγ
Ȼ㲻ⶫŪҲʧѪ
¶һۣһҧҧס¶ͷһأ˳
ٴ𻢸ƲסĲҽ
ֻĲҽУ淴ûôԡ
˿ڣڼ˵µĲվ˿߱鼰֮Ǵ٣˶ٲϣЩپǸĶħһ̳




103.  һ  ͷ   Ҵϡ

, զ죿·ţʣ¼ȫͣؿŰΧĴ١
ѾѻСȸߵĴ٣ԴԴϵĴΧ, ˲⡣
ûˮ
Щôģ
ɽϾжٴ٣
Ϸҽеһ˻, , ʵʵĴɽ, ȻǳԲǻܻѽ
ظѣȴôٳ, һڳͷǣ
֪˭ܲסˣȻĿͷҲˣŹҰɣСûң߲ϰ, ·ɣ
ԴĳѪȻûͣ
ԭߵĻ˶˻ȥ, ׳գڱ߾, ܹܵݣ
ȴ, ܿѪ
״飬Ҳſʼͷ, ŹҰɣɽһСȥϡ
дСС˵ɣ
ҴˣҲ̰ҪװʳҲˣŹҰɣ
ԺҲˣ

ԽԽʼؿͷĵ
翴һԱߵʹɫ´Ҫˣ˭ٿıҵĵۣ
Զڱ߾żһǧأƲЩ٣ҲȲǣ˵ٲˣǲ
ϧЩıˣĴټֱ֮Ͳ֮Ϊ췣
췣ǵĿ־ﵽ˶㣬вֱС֥ͬ˺ˡ
ܻʹɫɱӺ
ٲֹϴЩ춼ʼԥˡ
ʱ򣬵һͷڵͣϲЩΣԭˣ˼ԭˣ
ͷ񣬹Ļ죬ܻĻ˲ԼͬĿȥͼߵĴۿɼٶȻȥգۼʧһɶ
ϲڵٴοͷУллԭңɽʹżСȥϣ
Ҫɽ
ɽͷġ
Ҫ֪㣬̫̰ˡ
һĻ̴̼
ʲôϽͷԭ°
˿ͷĵĸˣѪͷȫİ˻ߣֻԵϵһ
ԭȰЦĻԼЩ¼״һʱЩ£ѵЩĴȥ
ݺݵǺͻ죬ֲ˳ôӦڱٿЩ٣
ţȻˣǶ˵Ƿ⽨СܵĽ;ǣ飬ʲôûɣûй˼϶ĶӣƾɶͲ˫˳
ڻʾ²ͣȰ˵ûá
磬զ죿
ҳˣһȻƣҧ˵
޼ˣôҲû뵽һԵСϵѪûֹסʧѪɵѣʱٲϽʯ룬ǿܾ͸ǰͷûŵʮһˡ
磬⣬ôңضǴ٣Ҳûд֣޴ְ
Щңٴαеľԭͷĵڵ̵ϵĴҲȥˡ
˷һ˿һͷϽɽȥ
ʳɶģǺǣҪͨˣǻ͸ˣԵƵǸ¶𣿡
ʱ򲻸Ͻɽ

¸ϽǼĴ׷ȥ
ǺܿϧЩ뿪ԭ˺ϴǼԼЩ²ȥˡ
صīɫѷֱһһ
磬УҲ
ңȾˣȰǵ˾ȳʵڸҪƴ٣϶̫ԶȻΪԸɲɡ
κδ󲿷ֶ˴˿ãֻ¾ˣҳ֮ˡ
ڼ䣬ֻҪͷġڵģһȫ˴٣ֻҪѵõɣЩɽͣ
ġϴ󡯵Ľҧгݵġ
Ľǲ˴̵ʹҧгݵģǺòװ˺ŪɽǰΪըҩʧһڻңΪ٣׵Ĺһˣ
µǣһϢ˳ȥҲûˡ
Ȼ¡ϴ󡯻һΣȴûв
ǾǣЩǣҲǡĸʼԼΪԡϴ󡯵Ļ˻ɡ
Ͼֻͨˣ绢׺¡
Ϊ֤ǲò˻ɣѵΪǵΪðŻᱻЩٲϣ
¶ܿ죬һĹ˳˴ͬ飬һ࣬ͷˡ
ʱŵࡣ
ЩĵûУǵ̫ˣٶ̫ˣǸҿͷˣ˵ڴĿһķϣҵ˸ǽ⿪
ûã־£
ȻҲЩأˣ˱簲нɽ
ţϴЩҲ˳
ֻþȣǵ⡣
⣬ԭͷĵȻ˵ڶЩ־ᶨǽͷݵģʱ̲סˡ
Ȼûңˣߣ
²һҪˡ
ȴǻ簵Ǵ˸ơ
ôܾôˣʧ˲֣Լص£ҵǸ˱ױ˺ôĻˡ
еԶɢעΧһдٿնˡ
һĿʼΧѰҿ֮
ǵʵĿģǿɲ֪
Щһߣɾû˰ˡ
̾ͲסģߣңҸ˼ҿͷˣף˼ҡ
һһ˼ңЩûһѪ
Ҫȶġ
⻰мĸǺûͣЪ
ȵ˵ɣЩʹ˸ˣҲãҲã˭ǣǾ͸˭ͷ

ˣĥ̫ˣٲ˻ȥͷˡ㵽вУըˣŲ֪ʲôʱ峿Աˡ
ߣٵȵȣҪһθЩ˴£峿˺һۣըСҴϻǣ
һģ
Ҫ˵¶Ĳһͷ֮䣬ıͬҪ̡̫
˵Ĺ򣬵¸޵һ֮ˡ
峿һһְڵϣһץŸ٣ӿۿɼٶգ֮˳ȥ

ٴ˷Ĳҽ
磬ˣЩˣ




104.  һ  ı   

֮ǰ, һΣٵٶȸ죬, ڣ練Ӧ, ͷԼߵߵ
ȫڴ, ȫѾ۵ľ, ģʶԶ롣
ֻǻ磬Щ, ϴԼĻͬǣԼȵġѱߡ˵ע£̶̼Ĺ򣬾ͱصīɫġ롯
ڻ֮Ҳ𽥻Թȥ
һĻĴ̼Щᶨģԥ񡣡
ŭˣ֪˭˵ġ
ȴ̻˵ͬ
֪˭ȡͷٴ˷Ŀͷ, Ǳһֻֻͷ棬֮ǰҪõ, ʱлܿͷ, ޱ, ûбѡǿͷ, һΣϡ

峿ͷһյʱ䣬ϵĴ˲ʧ
û뿪ʧˡ
һĻһЩһʶʯǲãĵ̶ã
Щܿɽϻʣһصġʬ塯
ɱҲʵ
峿Щ
ɲɱˣЩ˿ɲôúŪģһϢȥɾ鷳ˡ
ţøզ죿峿ʵԵĴ𰸣ɢ˼ά
ȫɱ˰ɣͻȻվ峿һƨ˸գವðϴ½
ıɱ峿ʦ˵϶辧˵ģƣԲˣҪˣ
ĸҫһȴһصı飬峿Щëզˣôң
㲻̫˳𣿡
Ǻǣһ㲻˳ðɣЩˣû֮ǰ˭֪ʮҵæɽǼʮҪܣʮ˾ܹʯˣЩˣˣ峿ûĵҲ֪˴￴˳ˣ
üģһͯҪ¶˵飬һҲɰ
ɽΧˡ
峿գգۣûס
ɽΧˣӦøһһ·ġüģЩ˿ܶڻң۷Ĵͷһˡ
峿ˣ˵ʯϳʳҲû˰ɣЩ𣿡
ɶǣ
Ѳɽɶǲ֪ģϽԭļûУ峿ŵһͲѰ
ɽ⣡ųĿװɶҾͲûвµԭ򡣡
峿ݺݵһۣǳİɣ
û
峿ԹԵ˵һФУξߣһ˿ɵߣҲûǸõĹϵڶһٷ֮ʮĿԾУЩҰ·ӣҲһҵġ
̾ŸһѵҲųıȡôأϧˣҸʶνľǵƴˣʵҾȳġ
ΣֻҪΪǣǾǣźûĵ
ǣ㻹˼˵ң㾫ɶأôɽûע⵽峿̲סһﲻҲЩһİɡ
ȿȣĶ֪һһʼҲûô࣬ΪЩҲǳʳģ⡣
˭֪ôĻ֮˾Ȼָ
뵽˭𣿡
峿ҡҡͷ֪õĿ籾Գ͢״ջǺգһҪ·
ʲô
峿˵һ飬㲻ŪðɣҾûҪ˵Ҳ˳ˣ˵ǱʵһҲվңǸˣûбȨ˵ġҾñĿǳ͢ĸԸ˸ɵģбȨڼ·С
ˣʵ˭ܺòȻ⻰Ƕ˵ͺһĨڣģû뵽͵Ȩ
ھ˭Ҳһ˵
ԣ⻰ڰ˵
峿ץͷƤŪȫŪյռ޶֤
Ȩıʲôģž鷳ȫȥ
Ϊɶˣŵһۡ
岻á峿һô˵ˣȥҰŪƺ󣬻ͷ˵Ǵˡ
ҴӦˣ
һϵƣÿ峿۾
ȵȵȣЩ˿ܲɱźɫһݡ
զˣΪɶ˵峿ˡ
Ϊ˼ǹģΪ׵˻֤Цһ
ǣıɱˡ
ɶɣ̧ͷʵ
û˵˵Ҫ峿µĻ˵ڻȥʵ
롣峿ͷƤЩ꿴Ȩı硣




105.  һ  Ŀ   ҵ򵥴ֱ

ûɶð, ھһڣΨһ֪ľЩһǳġ
ذɡ峿룬ɽǰ·, нķӣʵڲǾֻܶԲˡ
ϵˣ
ɽ档峿̧, پŻ˸һӵһ𡣡
, ˻صɽ
tѾ, ԶԶ˹֪ͨ档
峿˵ɽм˳ӭӡ
ԷǸʮ, ֺıڲס峿ɹļū
峿Ӧ
ߣ˵ա˵
ʲôˣΪʲôҪΧʯ룿峿ûжֱʵ
ԷЩԾӣԷҲֱʵˣǴл˵ȥ֪ˡ
峿һ, ˣ
ʱĴˣ
峿ͺŸŽɽ
ɽϼȫЩİˣԼһҲû
Ҳ֪ǹ, Ƕˡ
ӴǵмĴԺ
ԺţǶ
Ժм, һ۵ʮǰ, ȥƤгָͷ̵Сڰ״ǩų, Ա߻Ųݮ۹ϡƻյȼˮ
һ࣬·ԶͼѾŮվԱʱźš
ŲͷҲ̧ļԣ·Զ̧ͷ˵˲䲻ɵ¶ɫҪ˵ɶջû˵Ｗ۾ܿϧ峿ûӦɫ
衣ǰӺ˵
·Զ˲ϸ峿ʹɫˣϽѲյݸӡ
峿Ҳ˵
һյ裬Ӳɾ֣ʾǼѾ߳ȥ·Զԥ֪Լòóȥ
峿ʹɫʾҲȥ
˭Ҫ˵ʲôʺ·Զ
ںţֱӰ˳סߣһṆ̀۶ĺܣڣ峿ԸôԿ
ɡԹԵĵһš
峿£̲סĶˮǺɽˮ֪˺٣ӡɽ·᫣ûŪշݵˮˡ
ţҲ˲豭Լͺŵһ
˿һĻ˲סüͷļū峿
ǣ治һˣ׶һģһ
ԣ峿˭ΪΰΧʯ룿峿øίߵģֱʵ
ȣӦ˵
治˼û˵Ĵֱ˵İɣôȣֱˬ㲻𣿡
УСƢܶҵθڣƨɣ
Ǻǣ
峿˼˵˴γ˱˷ල򱱾
һ˵峿֪˭ˣȻǸɲ˵˻ղܵ𣿡
ԭ֪ΧɽǺ⣿ල򱱾ûΧʯɣ
֪Լ򱱾ο
ͷӷȥģ
峿һûס˵˵ĿģЩ߰ˣҶ򱱾ûɶֲҵģƨ£
Ϊô˵һ̧ͷȴЦźӡ
峿ͷѵϲô˵
УҾֱ˵ˡɴֻһӼ̫ӵ£̫ӺɫԣڰǰŮºŮ˶ŮһΨһŮʮֳ谮ŭ˴α߾֮սҪϵŮ֮²ȫ
Ҳ֪ԭ󺵣Ĳȣ߾ٳ⣬Ĳҹ۹Ҳ֮ˣҲҴˮ֮аɣ
峿ֱһҪģûôҪģ
һ峿ͷԣĵˣܿ࣬أ
ԣҪһѱ򱱾İѱ
Ǻǣ
аѱ򱱾𣿡峿ȥ˼ʵ
ԴźӣһѶĶˣոոԼû̫ĸ飬֮ũŮû̫ļʶ˵
ԣԣΪ˴ĵΪ˱߾յİΣܹЭ˴ɴ¡
⣬Ҫһ롣峿ҧŴһԥӡ
ãż롣
ɶˣܸ˵˵ôŪѱ峿˰죬Ҳǲġ
֪ǲ⣬˵˵ʯ뷢˴˽ء
峿ͷವһ£תת̧ͷһΪѵˣ׽ߣſں˵ҲûŰ˽رɶһѷҲûɶð




106.  һ  Ϻ   ҷ

, ôǷս˱ûбǽȻͬġǰ׼ñ, ֻҪҵĽʵʱˡź
һǲ, ˽رΣûɶð峿ϵĵ
ؼ˰
û, һѱԸҲ̰ɣ
, ҪԲ˵أ
ͲõˣǶ׼ˣֻȱһ, һˣض˼ɣжģһһı߾
峿̲סһڣһˣǾıȨ˰ɣ
Ĳжģ
峿˵ûжģ֪һ㣬׵ĵñƵжİ
ϼ޻Ϻ, ҪҪԭ, Ǿƭ˲ˣ
꣬峿Ц, ϺһʵҲ͸¶, б϶бһʵ֤, ŷ
ʯĻô
˺ƥӦò̫ԶϾŴˮƽ̫͡
˼طһһ뵽ǸſĻ磬ͷصʡ
Σ
峿ͷЦղˣ˵ɶ
˵ͬĻôҷˡҲΪǺã˵أ峿ϴһ˿롣
峿ɫӲһˣһҪ롭ˣҪĶҪҸѰط𣿡
ãѾҺõطˣͷʯߵСɽҸյʱ俼ǣպسдңһ˴㣬ʱϯ֮ϣ㾡ܽҷԻΪ¹ͣº󣬳͢Ȼ°˽Ϊĸıһְٰ˵Լ
˼عͷͿǸڵĸľ̿ƵѾͷŴʹģɵġ
ҲǣǸѾͷô˺ƭأ
ǣСԺӣüˡ
ֱ뿪ģڿгֳʱһӱע
Ҫ˳ܣͿԶһź̽СԴ
дģɽ˼ʮӣŲһתǼ䵱ҵӡ
峿ʱ򣬿ľôһĻһ˲䣬ﷺɱ⡣
ǱܿסһţԶٵעӣû쳣ٴתͷĿ
峿ָͷ
ʲô뷨
Ŵ۾Ҫˡ
Ǿ仰û췴ͷ˭Ҳ֪ΪϽȴһһر߹أڻȨһӱ֮˵ı£δػ׸ϾϽϣҲƢģһأû̵ڶصĵ
ȻһȨ¼ʮˣٵĿɾСˡ
Ļֻʣһ·ˣ췴
ǻϺͳ͢ôһѱֱǸ˵·ء
أѡ˭峿һͬǹüѣʱҲӦսҲǸǵģʵˣƶÿһ˱ѡ񡣡
أŽԻ峿
ɡ峿˵Ǹ̫žͲ˵ʵ۶԰տɲãûһҲ
ȻǱȻᷢ¼峿ҲΣܱסһɽˡ
ţ飡
ǺǣͻȻֻʲôƵá峿ûĵУ˵ʱתһлῴ͵զ죿
ǿŵ˵Դ˵¶ô죿ҿ˹ʮֵǿӲϲΥԸԸһᰲʱ̶㣬㲻ҪһʹֶΡ
֪峿İڰ֣ȻѡͲĴʵˣȻٶɺͽڣ˵ٺҲᱻͨİջɵģҪ
ԣΪ˲˷࿸ıҾΪѵĴ˰ɣ
УͬĵʱҰһһ룬ǳеĲͶʣ
峿ĿˣǼ̰ôҪŵʱ̣Ȼ׬Ǯ
ƾɶʯҵģıȫҵģͶҲֻҵķݣ峿
ҽ߼ˣϢ
ҽ辧˸ĺܣ峿Ŷ˶档
ǣ߳ݣһĵ⣬㲻ѵһͳȥ᲻ɱ֣
ڲɱ֣ΪҪ峿ôһġԼˡҷŶȸߡ
ɵЩȨߵʱ
ûм˼峿˵峿˭峿˭
˵е峿ɫƽЩҲ뵽ˣѡվһߵʱЩ˾Ͳ߳ݣһɱɽϵģһҲ߲




107.  һ  Ը   ʻ硭

뵽в޹ıʿ, 峿Щͷۡ
ɽЩʿʵ£ĿǰҲͰΧɽû˵¶
Ҳɱ˿ħ, вľ͵Ū
취˸ֿ
ڵһʮ˺ͻˣ峿ɫ, Щ֪̫, Բ¡
Զ, Ѿѧã峿ЩģϾڳ, ʣµˣʵûٻԭЩӣûκεݣĺӣǲԼԭ
ҪЩʲô峿ûκε
̧Ҫȥ, ŵһ仰ͣϷأӦòǸȤ
峿ͷ, ÿ·Զϴְ˺, ǹȫ˵һ, мӴЩˣ˭˵˵Щʲô, ϸ˵һ顣
·ԶǺյĹԴǻʱҲŸյѸٰΧɽҲûü֪ͨǣЩʿҪôΧҪôǸˣûǵ˽ˣһֱдʲô𣿡
Ϸأôû֣ǣ
С㣬ȥ֮ǰȫˣ淢ɶ¶Ҫ·Զ͵
ˣȥЩӣȥһ˷ţȻʹ粽ĸˣֻҪɽϡ峿
·Զ峿ȥĸǣŮǾһһľ֮ɫɪɪĿſڣ峿üЩûг
ѾЩİΧɽ
£Ҷ£ҡ峿š
ѾЩʿҪɶΪɶΧǣĸ峿ĵԴЩ˸ٵø߸ߵġ
֡峿ĸ£ʿΪ˱˶ǳ͢٣ݹأûϵǺúôڷȥ۾ˡ
棿
Ȼأ㿴Ҳúõģ˵ˣҲû¶ЩҲûץǲǣϹģأɽЩ񶼽ˣҪҲûʱ峿ЦŵǲǴƵúܣҲû취۵ϴ٣Եˮɣмϣ
ˣЩģҶأҲų٣ܳԶ٣ĸס峿֪࣬Ͻæȥɣúõģû¶ɶҲȱˣϽ˵һС
ãţɶ·Զæȥˡ峿Цŵ
ȥϵЦɢһɶ
һߵ£Ӱ￿ŵߣɽһˣȰЩ˴ˡ
ȻЩһ֣ʱɲˡ
ҿѡšüǸͬ˲С
ȥԡ峿ͬ⣬Щ˽صıǰ˵طõʱ˵ˡ
˳ǸȥʲôҲûʾͷˡ
Цһ˾޴
޴ԸܾһСũŮ㲻ʲô峿ϲ̵ĵ֮ǰĶɵӵͦɹġ
ץʱ䵽ɽѲ˶ϳ
ʻЩˡ
źȻ˵ҾǴЩ˵Щġ
˵ʲô峿ͷ
Űѻ˵һ飬ǰҾͿе죬Ҳ
峿ɫһЩȫɱˣһ
汻¶ˣ˲˵ʯ뻹ԶȻ˹ˡ
ϴĪ˴ڿδûԭЩ˺ܾܿǹģԭ򣬺ܺò£̽¡
ֻϧһУõϴǸͨˣ
ﱻŪȻУϢŪﻹһЩͨˡ
һŲڻϣһҽУѵ۾˭
һİףǸʮСһϲǿϵ׺ݣСãã⿪Щ٣ɽ֣Щٲϣίʵܵĺܣ壬ͷǳԡ
峿ЦһǾ
͵սȻ۵ֱУʱŷӦƵġСáԵ㶼ƣǸƴٵˣ
Ҫһ𣿡
ˣ棬ҧ£òͷˣȻŪСǣ
ߣøʵ˵ʵ˵һٻҰһȦ
㣬ʣҿ϶˵ʵ紭ϢţֽʧѪ̫ˡ




108.  һ     Ӵһ

ʲô֣ɶģ
, ǣ, 󻢣ԭǶɽ¶Ի, ȥ, ɽ, һֵܼǶԻԴΪ
ɹɶ¶ɱˣɶ¶, һһ
ûһ㣬ɱɱ˴Ǹҵʳ⣬ⲻǣ, ҶüˣƥʳԸ, Ƕ˵˴ǷˡҲͷҲе˴ͷ, ش, 󡣡
˲ʵ黫ͷ, 峿˲ó˽ۡ
֮ǰ˼ˣǿرĳ𣿡
⻰ʲô˼ӵת
ʵػವ簥Ӵһɫְһ֣ɫҲ˲١
峿ЦΪβ뵽Ҳǰʣһδػ˵
ԼСˮ׼ʲص㣬С۲ʶ̩ɽˮСһذɣԺҲˣ˵Ҳǹ¶ǻûüأƾʧˣ治ǲ뻹
ʮа˾ǱСĸŪˣʱզû¶أȻٶǮҲɷ񣡡
Ϊʲôʯ룿˭ģ
ˣ
ŤŲӳԱŬŬ죬Ǹһ˵ǵʱɽϵʳһһ룬һﻹţƤ˵ɽˮĺܣɶѵϺƻҲ֪ˮжѵãⲻһѳֲסͷ˻£ǻͷ֤ٷʯԶԶġ
峿ɨ˻һְۣӵһԣŪֵܡ
ϿϵõģӦұۣ֪ĻϢġ
峿˵ʱҲûúšš磬զ
羫ɣ˹֪ҲǱϢЩ˺Ӧֻл֪
峿ͷͷžѹ·ȥ˵ĸûв𡣡
峿ɫٴΰװԵĻ
ƲԳԷƣ峿ѣСﰡͷŹҰɣҲǱԻ󣬲ȻҲģԩͷծӦҳ´ţ
´ţָľǸͷӡ
峿ͣ˲֣ӵһץץԭʧѪĻʹ࣬ζβȥ
ûúõĸһʹ峿һɿ֣ʵһҶ㣬ƽǸɽһСι
ȻûʲôҪϢɢϢҲЩô˵в硣
ʹ϶˵ĵǣ˼㡣
㣬㲻˺ҵļˣûû¶ңġ紭Ϣţʧ
֪ԼˣħŮĶ֡
ǵÿıˡ峿һӸ棬ȻǿӲҪŪȫңŻҲ˵ˡ
Ȼ˻翪ˣ֪˵ʲôҪ֤
˵˵ӦӦʱ˵
ҵļ˽ӵʯںȥ֮ǰǡ
ԣС⡣
ȿȣڣڳ´ţ֮ǰɽңҹҴӴŪҲʶЩˣǿóݲһ㣬²ǵٵģҲǵµĻš
ǸԳţӴһƱ˵ǵʱæһ¶Ǽ¶Ҳǵġ
ҵʱɶ¶ǽٸˣʹӦˡ
ǸţĹȻû˵Ǹ´ţˣ˵˵ĺܣиҪһ
ɽϵ˵ˣ˵ΪʣڻŴʳˮŻ˶᲻÷ϰǳԡˣʱ򻹴ϣϺˮֶ࣬ɽѾûմˮˣһЩϾĶˡ
֮ǰǸţŵǼһ¾ͬˣó´ţŪЩʳȻֵǳԲӸɲ
´ţһθӺ˵뿴ǵʵ˵ʯиСȥ˸ǣŪ˲ٺöŪԼã˳̽һЩˣû֣ȫͨˣǾͰ˷ˣôݾߡ
˭֪Ƕȫҩӡȿȣǵ֪ЩҩӣڲЩãǾ͸ŪɽˣǸӣҲر𣬳´ţ˵ҪǸӣûӦһһ롣
˭֪ƣӺͻȫˣǻ´ţˡ
´ţߺǸţˣʮˣ˵ðɽϵˣЩһӢ䲻ƲͬһˣЩϴ֣ҲܿóЩ˳ԾУ˵ˣ˲⣬ԸɰŪȥ




109.  һ     ν

˺˵, Ҳõģʱɽȫˣ㷢ֲһҲˡ˵̲ס², ˼ҵһëûϣ֪Щô, ˵ʲôҲͽ¶
֮أ峿ʵ
֮, Ǹ´ţ˵Ҫж, ǰȺӻ£´ţҲЩ˲ˣҾƭ˵, ˵ޱȣûףЩˣЩ˶еĵӣѳ´ţŪȥˣʵҾó´ţûţ߸ŸСͷĺܣȰ˳´ţ䣬ҲͲƽˡ
ȻǸ·, ʣ㶼֪ˣ֪Ҳȫ˵ˡ
ϵǸ˵òһ顣
, һֺģЦ۾ʣ, һǴ˼ҳ, ϴųӣīɫģ˽Ԫ˵, С峿СǴ󣬴֮ǰ飬Щ˸ƭˣųײʯ룬С˲С˹һذɣȥһֵǲ۾úùӣ
ã峿Ӧĸɴ࣬һϲһԴһ˹ȥ
峿ɴһ󣬴ս֨֨ļѹУһûйͷĳӣ̱ڵϡ
ʼѵ¿һĻҲ̲סԴһᣬҲ˹ȥ
ʵĶˣ峿һаɽȫˡ
ÿռ˸ӰӽȥûŸʮء
ôٰѵһ˸ϳ
ŪСܲʳɶ
СͲ͵ǺܽҲ˵
峿ŹûҪЩ˼ƽϣǸͷģҲڵġ
ͷʲôʲôҪ˺ͷС֪ǲС˵ˣ˵Ļǽһ飬峿ʵûסһưιȥ
ѣ峿˵תѣ֮ǰСӦһŻع񣬲ǵͷģ۾ûȶˣһͦҪվҲûţϮıӣҪǴУҪûбٲ˸룬ܳɹˡ
Ҫ֪ıӿǷǳģ˵ĵһӦӣɲпɳ֮
˵Ȼܵóѣ峿ȴʶĺˤ˸ƨɶף̧Ű߷ڵϹʮȦͣ¡
ʵǾʲôˣΪʲôҪɱǣ峿ڵʵ
ҲڷɿתţЩˣɱˣǲɱЩ˵̫ҪˣǸͶ״Ϊ͢ı֤ݣ𵽹ؼá
ôܲɱ˵£ʳ鱨
ңǾͨˣΪʲôҪɱǣǶڻʳȴÿַԸǶ·ϣǣȫǹ֣
ǣ˵ʵݼ治զġ峿ۣ㲻Ҫ˵ЩϻˣѾˣǵİɣȥලĴְɡ
ͷɴ۾ŵĿ峿ô֪
ѵҲץˣ
Ů
ɫӵĿŮϧˣôһ֣ôأ
ǲô֪ģǾ͸Һú˵ȻҾǰһһĿֵǰ峿˸ƣ˳ԱһСڲϺ˿ɶ֣Ҫʵ
ܲͷͷĽУͷɶ
֪ǲǴ峿ӲĿ˺ɫġ
ңҽк£¸ҵ¡
ãǰɣＸˣˣǰĸӪģʲôְλ
ʮ߿ˣĸӺӣ֮ǰǾӪУξһͨ죬۾ˣԼֵ˼ۿֵܱɱҪܣονСﲻѾ֪
һ˶ˣʲôɣ
ôࡪ
˵ʵ峿ѵǰɣСһѪӿ
սȭͷһһһˣǣʮˣǾͨʿЩȴǴӪĺ֡ʥּԻȥ߹صһˡ
ô˵ģ˵Ҫ֮죿ûϺͿĻҼǵǳã˼ر߹ؼʮ겻عǣѮҲɵֵŲԭˡҲǵģһΪ˴ĳԡѪսһӵϽǾĿ±ǽɱ峿ʡ
Ťͷȥ峿ǰڵıԭ˹ᣬ˰̣ñ߹ؼʮİڲˣ˵ĳԣ䱻˾




110.  һһʮ  ʵ˵   ⡭

ޣ峿, Ӹµź£׳գ㱻ƭˣ
û췴, ûиԭ˺һУȫ˱ƭǵģ
, ûƭ, ʲôô˭֪ԭ˳±߾, Ҫһٹԭݹ£ֵֻܹס, ⲻԾĹ𣿡¼ᶨĵôġ
ǣ׳գ峿޿̵ΪҪΪıȨ޴
Ҫ췴ͨУһٸ˹ɶģģʯһССɽͷҽɶǵ, к壿
Ŷӵ𣡡
ǣ˵Ҫס, ܴݾߣܹ
*Ĺƨ峿̲ס˾໰, ܴݾ, һٸиƨãһ
, һСˣºںһˡ
ôˣ˵ˣ峿ۣĻУ˵췴Ǹ˵˵ǽʯΪɶɣ
ǲǵһ쵽ݵģʯɶһҲȷʵһֱ־ȼǺ¶ɣ˵Ƕֵģ
˵һֱ˽ƱΪ췴׼㣬˵ǲôģ
׳գȻǣ峿ֱˣײ𴩵Ļ˾ȻţͲǳûӣѹûⶫ
ûΪ˲ڣȻӡЩǮȻĶ˽Уǵۣú˵ͻ֪ʯֳгýŲȣߣ
½죬һ˫۾ãȻĿһ¶Ϊε˲ͬ˵ĿУȫ
峿һţš
ггǴУϰṩ۵ĳӡ
˵ţʾһ飬ͣںµ½ʿǰûгžߣϰȥϼ׷ѣȿ죿
¶ţĿУͳ˽ˣȻˣҾǣгʲôõսϱ˭ܵĿ𣿡
ǣҲڽơ
ǲƭǣЩ˻һŽڣ͡򡯷ǣ
ƣɸˣ֪Ұͳȥʳ֪Ϊһ˶Ǯ⳵ӣĿǰûʮƷ֪⳵ӵĹؼĶ𣿡
峿ָźŲ𿪵Ĳλֺ£ңû֪ôģһһģ
ýģӦܿЩжСɣԣЩףгҪҲףĿǰȫһˡ
Ҫгƣõȵȥˣ췴ܵ𣿡
˵ǰ׳˵𣬵ڶԸϱƭǴĳʿҶǺʧʿµʿԶˣҲѹֻᱻһĹת
㡪ʿŭ
Ƕ峿Ƶȴֲ֪ηֻĿԼҵͷ
ãȻԱˡ
峿֣ƽź£ˡǲ벻ף벻ͨΪô
µͷǰΪʲôҪôһϷʱܿĻǴĳһֿԭ˳ֱ룬ѵһ
һû췴Ҳûиԭ˺ĴӺͶȫ˼ԭ֣֮𣬲ɽ⣬ڶ¹бʮռ˴ĳһ룬ϼɵҪԭΣ֮ıȨԲŻ벻ͨһʯ˽رһ췴ñӣѱ֣Ҫ췴ⶥñӾͻ伫ߵһʱɱѹ˳£ڴĳһ򰮻мӣԸսʹ࣬һõһܻܿ췴ʧܣʱֻһϿˣĹ
Ҫǲ췴͵ùԹԽȨû˱Ȩһʲô³˵Ҳ֪ɣȻĹ
ôòã峿Цеź¡
ºͷǶһʯ촽䶯ȴ˵
ǲǺܲǲǾԽܣ峿ȴʵ




111.  һһʮһ     Ͷȥ

峿̾, һת˷ʥͣ޹
Ǳõһ, ֳʥּʵûзء
, ֪ܸ, Īɣ
ȻѾ֪Լ͢ĳ, ΪһʿǵȻۣͬ
ʿǵԴû
ر߹ؼʮδؾ, һСŮ켸ڱ߹ط紵ɹܣûлѣҲûоµʳֻ޾ĿͲɧŵĲԭˡ
ʮǰԭͬһٽ͢ݳٳδ֪ʮʿŶӿֿһսʿ, ӣ˼Ҳ˴, ǣû˿ȴ, ֮, ʧȥ˵ıʹر߹أ, ԭ˿˾ܣ߹ذܹȵӣñԭūۣڵһɢӣ֪ܷ񿴼̫𡣡
ǳ͢ˣԼʼң򾩳ǣٻƣܵ˶޷ܵЩôģ
ʮһر߹ػģ
ЩôԴǵģΪ˱Ȩݺ
Ϊݺƭ;ûܰĹϮ
Ҳű߹ԶǱ߹أǲԭأɶǲ
ΥǾΪŰ
µһл΢ȴпܸӣɼţʱԭ˳û˽أû
һΪǶս˰̣ʱ߹ؼʮİնҪΪʧȥ
»ֻСһ˱߾ǽ᷸޷ԭµĴŶ˵ܡʷأ
ȴûΪ仰¶ЦûԸķʽʷ
ǣ˵ǣզ죿̧ͷã
Ҳɵӣ峿˵˵ģҲΪų͢˿̳͢峿·ȻҪ룬ӽӵʥּʱʼ룬еһ飬׾ͷ֣ǰСȷʵɿˡ
ѡʵͽЩС
򱱾ɱԭˣң̵ô࣬Ϊˮࣿ
ݺȥֿԭ˰֤ݲԸﲻ˵˲ٵ鷳
ʿǰ£˼峿Ļ
峿ȴٴοʵǵΪʲôҪ
ڣܶ˲̫˼ڡ
ΪһҵΪٷĿꡣ峿Цŵûʲô˼ģҸһΪʲôͶ£ҲҪһҵҵĸĸֵܽǹϺӣΪǮƷñ衣
ǼȻܱѡɼͷ٣ھһʵӣ򱱾ɱУҵ峿ζĿǣûսϣõ
᲻췴ûҪ˵ˣȰЩ˺ơȿȣ˵˵
ȻҪˣ򲻹ôǸ˵ݵӣɵ¶ɲ
жȻðһâãȥǹâᶨȵֵǣǾΣ
С˵Ķԣϼ޻Ͷ£ΪЧɳƾ¶ҵ
ԣͷȥ߹ذɡ
ͷȥ߹ذɡ
ͷȥ߹ذɣ

ϸЦ⣬ãֵǣȥ߹أ
峿ִ̧˸ָವһɿµػɣ΢ѣ³峿˹֣л£»һ󡣡
˵
һͬһһˣʮ˸ҲǵֵܣһͶ
ҾܿԲҸ˵ЩϢʮ˿Ѿ֪ˡ
ΪΣ
Ϊ峿ָָͷϣɽѾΧˣΪ֪ôϢȫ׿ڸҵİ
⣬ô᣿¾ȼˣ֪ǣôܡ
˸־ˡ峿ȴۣȻΪһͱɽЩˣȻǴǰ
˵ĶԣȻˣҲûʲôˣҵ뿪ϣͶȥ˵ֻǻｫͷץ˻ǡ
ȿȣɶڻߣᣬҪɱˣǴȥ߹أ·;ңԶôȥڰ·𣿡峿ͷתƻ⣬ǰֻɱˣû뵽˵ǣ¿鷳ˡ
֮⣬һһҪǰæȥʸһЩʳ⣬һṩһЩгֳǿٸ·




112.  һһ  뿪   ˵

û, һİתġĵ
һ峿֪ɱ˳øߺ, ɣȵѾɱ, ʬɽ, ֪Ǳƭ, һŭ֮¾͡
µ˳Ĭ峿ְ࣬·ڵλôһذ, ˱ɱͷڵĻҲɱǡ
ڰ֮󣬺̾ĴǲĴۣǶ㹻Ρ
ͲнһĻ
ȰѼֵ˳ǽҪ·, ֻʱȽֵɽϡ
޷ɽ˼ʮˣ, ȿȣɽϺӶ, ڸɽͷ, ôǡ
ֵܴɽ˳ʬ壬ۿһ죬ǿˮ, 峿֣ﾡȥ׼ϣܹ
û⣬ʱȡǵʳҪЩʱ׼⣬Ҫ鷳·ЩۼʾѾ뿪ʯ룬ĻԺѯǵ䣬Ҳ˵ĻɽʮӾ͹вˡ峿Цӻ·ϵĹ¶˿ϣȴϣǵܹȥ
û⣬ԭԼãһʧɢڶʮﴦϡ²˼ľʹӦˣ֮ǻںɽ
áô˵ˣµ̧ʬȥ˺ɽ
ûϵ´峿ϧ֮ԵĸдƵá
ûϵߵǰҲϲôʣ
ûϵЩкֹ
峿ʶѿڶʹǵˣ
ûֳɵľк֣ҷŲܶԵҡ̡𣿡ŷۣҶ׼˾籾ֻɱ䣬Һþأû뵽Ȼ·غ
͵ˣЩ˷ίأҪ֣ĺܣȥٲúܣ
ЩܸǱȣŲмһˣҪҪõġ
ҡ峿ϻɽ㶢զˣɶأ˵ɶʱ𣿡
ֳأ˼Ȥʮа˾һ׼
˻峿۵̫ҪˣݺĴ鳼
ô죿
Ȼ־ˣ
붼룡
ˣעΧҸŪЩʳ
ͲǼⱻ˵ŸӦϣ
Ҫ䣬ǲϷֲǿ峿ۣǲء
ϸˣҲûԣᱻ˲ġ
ŪЩװӡֱӳԵġ
ʱ󣬺´ʮ˹л
ֻҪԼ˭ҲٲǵĿ峿ⷽչԼĲƴ֣ΪЩƶնսʿֵӵõġ
֪Ǿ仰ǣʮһ˲ۿ
˱ʳȥʣµ˿ʼɽϲóۼ
ʱѾȫ͸ˣ˿Ӱǵж˵ûЩˣȷʵǾк֣һΣ׬ˡ
ذɣϴסɽϣٲȥɵġ˵
ȥɽ¿峿ָ·֪ɽ»жˡ
֮⣬Щ컹ûüأʱ䲻
ȥɽ¡峿˵Ǽ콻ʣˣһ
Щ˱𻢸й֮޲ˣһ·ûٻͨİգ

ʯĵ·ȥһ·ϿٵѪʬ壬ȣŵվ͵÷ˣþˡ
ߣܿһЩ̵ɽλĻãȥЩȵģֻȥҲþ뿪
˭֪עɽðˣȫˡ
峿͵˼䣬ܿЩɽ
ɽҺģѰҼ˵񣬺ܶó˼ǮڴŶҪһʳֻϧͿˣʳһգûʳˡ
ЩȻڴŶӲ뿪
峿վӺͷǸԼ׳ûиЩһɽ٣˼ƣΪǵģٵȵȣɽƽϢˣ϶Ŷһʳģ˼ҿܿࡣ
ϧˣ˼ҡ鲻ãնûʳ
Щɽϱ˵ѾһСˣ˻治ռˡ
ɽϵѾȺﴫˣʰ˰׼뿪峿Ǻġ
ĽϢң֮ǰţûʳûб˿
ëʺֽĹʽдŸʾң깤Աˣʳһգûʳһн




113.  һһ     ФУξͽˡ

д, óȥǶǽϺ͸ϡ
дɶɡ峿꣬ס
, ʶţ峿, һתһ¡
С, ɽզˣ˴ʵ
ʳǰɣ
ûʳ, ŶҲܹܣ
һʳûжһأܸܲЩԵģǮҲа, ﺢܲסˡ

峿˵ˣһΪѵĵ֮ǰ¶ҲˣЩ˴գɽϵʳһʣԼҲûԣ˭ҪдһЩɣɽϻвٺӡ
û˵꣬Χ˶ʱܾɢ, ûУһʳҲûС
峿ЦЦ, ûأҲû׷, û˶·, ɽȥ
ѾǶʮŵĻ죬ʬ嶼ںÿˣֱˡ
ɽզˣһѵסʬ, ռãֻҪ룬ûвװġ
һװϹŶӵŶһʳءʳʲôˡ峿ĵ
ûʲôҪģЩ̰ıˡ̧߷ɵϵľͷ׮ӣŪӳԷ
峿üҿûǮ֧ġ
һֱɺһֱǼۣмʮҪġ
ҪǮŵԱ㣬е
峿ÿɷԼһֱеܰ׳һ٣ǲ˵ġ
ѵôһأŪһӵĲȣȻе̲衣
峿ĽһӵĲһɨգǷҲûŹ
ԵĲ٣˻ݸ¸µġɨһۡ
ֻнԵĶðɣ̲豭ӷ£Ͻȥɣˡ
ߵ·͸ˣһͬɽ
һԵɡɽڣȫվţֻһǰŮӣǷСĿɺԲơ
ϰһֻһֻ±ӡ˺һ̻ףռӣǷž̳һֻСӡ
峿ڶ£˳ֳ˰Ѻţһȵ㡣
˵꣬ӳԱߵĺŰŰۣճһӻԣҲ³ˡ
峿úóԵģܱǳϰ˱ʳЩʳ￴ɫζȫζͬʡ
峿¿ӡ
£峿״ʵǲϿζ
峿һΪѵŹͷңܲңҵһݣָǳԡ
ô鷳ȥð졣ƴ֡
ĶУЩԵĶ󰡣ƷˣθСҵݾͷ㹻ǳԱˡ峿ס
ǮǮǮۣܲ
ͷ治٣ȫǰͷƬƬزˣһںӲĿˮֱ
˺ǵ˽ȥ
ǹºԼ˵˼ɽϵתֳгϣǲ̫ɣˡ
ФУξͽ峿ɵ¿ˡ
Ҳ֪һǿǣװɤ˶죬峿룬ϴʱҲû⽫ɤô󰡣
ФУξĳ峿ʾȥһߡ
û˵ĵطФУξһʹĵǸˡ
Ǻǣ峿Ц
һȥʱ򽫾ڣӵľִȥˣǸʱͷӦˣǵɽ׼ȴȻӵ˵мϸȫһ飬Ѳ
ǣʧ˶ˣҵأ
ںء峿ûĵҵǴ֪ФУξ˶أ

ФУξһԻ
峿ûм˵ҪӦɲȺºФУξЩ²Ľʿƭ
ΪҲˣԶվһԣ峿ȥվˣݵλܸЩһ
ûеĽţ˾ǺžơСˣ˵żҳ˭ҲΪʯ룬Ϊγ
ûһᣬͼФУξıˣΧɽҲΧ棬֮ǰԵúܶʮˣ˱Щˡ
֪ǲΪԾӪԾһȣǸͷǿ׳ȥФУξФУξû˾Ȼ嵶û־ͱФУξ˸Χˣж嵶
СԵǳھƲв԰Σ˭ҲûпһǱߵ
ԶФУξƾ˶࣬ܿսʮϵı˸һѣռϷ硣




114.  һһ  ǿ   

峿Ҳ¿, ˿ٿФУξˣȻԼ˵ĸо
ߣҲ¾Ʊ, ʱˣٲȥ, ´˸õǲ˰·¶ˡ
峿ֱĴָ, ⻰˵̫ˣ
һҭ, Щ򣡡
ȴҲ˵û˱ȲɲСġҲñ, һپʿѾҵ˺ɣҲˡ

峿Żѣ¶һãȻŶá
̲ס뵽ɵǼɵΪεŽҪ, ±¶ı
ܵһѱФУξϵһߵľʿǰ, ǣ, ˵Ҫ, վõĵط˼񲻺ãϿ
Щ, ʶĿͿƣզˣ
峿˴õĿյϣһĿЦˣƣҸˡ
ѾҪװɵ㶣һˣ
峿ͷûѧѧ˰ɡ
һѪЩû
Ϊ٣Ѱʣµʮˡ
峿˲Щˣ֮
ӲֻʵΪξʮɽУȺ򣿡
;˵أһɽϻңĴӴӣʮ˹Ѿֿʣʮ˻ңɽϻƽϢҲŴɽ
˭룬ƽϢѾٳԾƣȴֲֻʮŴʣٻɣѾĪǽҵ
峿ŴͣܵԲһʶ˰ָ¹ΪߵڰףڲţӣѹѹһĹ٣

Ա߽̲סһСûȴ˼ǻʮ˱峿ˣ⻳ɵʮأ
ԣѾǸͨˣɽҲȫЩͨˣõʮк֣Ҳ˵ƣ˳Ļʵ
˵Ѿò£ЩأɽʱЩ˿ɶڣҪΧʮˣ׾ٰɣ
ͼذֱָסʮʿ֮ˡ
峿ͣȨ˰ΪΪʱɽϣ˼ֱӾ͸ˡ
󸣣ȵӣ˶죬ֱˡ
СǽФУξĽ٣
˵ʮʿסʵϽˣ
һ±ƣͷûпе˰Щɶʱоеˣ
ʯҲСûпܵģˣ֪ǴĸɽģԼʲôʱ
꣬ʱ֮ǰ
ӻʹⶼɶԡ
󸣴ܣʱ֮ǰŸǷңǾɽ񣬳ûбˣе˸һҪое˳֣ǲϲ
˵Ǵʱǰиʱ
ǸˣһֱأЩȥʵʵ˵
ĿŹ󸣣ëëģ̲סȥ
ǿɽķƫˡӲĵ
ߣȴҲϵתͷȥ峿Ѿ˵ɼʮˣ
峿Զ˵˼ûУҺҵһֱɽϣЩڣҺҵɵסҾŻʳˣôܱס
˵ţֹĿǣʱʵɶֱ˵
ǣǷ˼¶˵ſۺţ̽ŵɽʳȫˣؼǵҲûмʳһɣ˴˸ʱûеʳ
һң˭һ
ǡ
кţҲģˣǰҲǴ˼ҵӵܣҵǰҹѧ֡峿Ž͡
ֳкۼʵ
ûп峿һΪѣͣͺЩʳƾʧһǰɣ
ŵͷûҲСУû
ζĿûжܹƾʧ߰ɣȥֳ
Цһô㻳ǱģʳٻڿٻûСƤǳ
ȿȣˣǼӣǺö࣬öӣɽˡһ峿桯Ľ͵
Ц𣿡
ǵѽ
˦䣬˼ǣҵʮûа֮£û٣ɽϵ
ȿȣûô˵ҲүʳŴ˵ԴڿӼܵģ治һ㺬ġ




115.  һһʮ  ƺ   뿪

ЩʳĶȥ, 治֪Ҳû˭ˡ峿̯̯֡
ڵĲڹ׻ˣƲԳԷ, һת˽, ô˵
ȥɽɡƳˡ
һȥ˰ɽ, 峿ר, ȻʲôҲû֡
ȥɽ¿һߣͷ˺µ˲óĺۼ
˳źۼ׷, һ·ʯȥ
ӦѾ뿪ˡ֣ĺۼȫþַˣҸСѾͷҪˣһ֮ǰԼΪá
Ҳһ·ģҲо֮ˣȻܹжϳ١
˿̲ɵЩƣ֮ǰʯɽϵ, ޷£ҲҪɽϵȴǹȥ, ôãΪβռƻ, ȥ
զ, ʵѾ峿ǽ޷ˡ
ƫƫ, ΪʮµĺۼɽʳȷʵˣǷҪϡɡʳˡ
ֻǱƾιһ裬˵ı
ڽ峿ҲûҧŲţȲ˵ʱ̴ˡ
峿¿
նлǽ²ϰݡ峿˫ֱȭл˽
лҡڰ֣ٿ󸣵Ⱦʿʱ򣬳ҵ˽ûܰʯæ֮ǰ̸õĳһФУξ
ˡ
̧֣ˣǵĴ㲻˵ʯҪ£⼸ҲͣЩҾͽ˴ȥˡ

پʿ뿪ɢˣɽĿˡ
峿Ϣټ϶ܼҵһӣɽʼɽһŲǷˣԼɽʬ塣
»δ£ȣֻһϵĹЩʬͻḯܣԲɽϹҹ
ѾһŮӱ¶ˣ㶼æһˣȥϢɽе¶ܼҡĸŹŮǷʮۣ˵ʲôҲ峿ߣѾ˺ԵúϢɶ˵
峿ĳ˺ȥ˯Ҳȷʵۻˡ
£ĸ嵰Ѿ͵ƽ˵ˣ㱳мͷѾѧһ飬Ҳ嵰һ飬ҩˣȻγͷ
峿ϵļͷûγһڸ˺ں¸µҩ·ſڴϡ
ĸļͷứСҲ̲ס޳
ȿȣһء
ĸĨᣬ˿ɾĲݹȥҧţһ¡
ȵһ£嵰˵Ĺ̸˵һ顣
㣬˵ҪþƲһ鱳Ҫþϴһ飬Ȼ󡭡嵰Ÿ
֪ͺã峿ҧŲʾĸְɡ
ۣȫŪֹѪֹ۵ҩۣ峿Ѿһĺòһһڻҡ
Ҳ֪ɶʱˮ
峿ҹѹ˿ڣĸС͵ȥ˯峿˯Աߡ

֪ǲһֱĵ¶ڽˣ峿һҹߣֱ̫ͷ
ɽϾ϶ܼѾˣ¿к
żȳԣ˵峿ǷӹĸݹĿ
ԶˣһθͷᣬճԵĴͣ⿾ʵڣϧûеڶˡ
Թܼһ㱨ҹ
ҲѲһ飬Ȼ©֮㣬мĵɽǰˡ
⼸˸ץ˹ˣδû峿ʾ
ЩʬˣѾȫռɽ˿ˡ
С㣬ɢĲˣһֶ㿴˻ǡ
ǡ
ɽأ
Ϣ˵㰲һʮʱϵѲߣʱܡ峿¿һǼץһٰӵɽ£ȻҪʳš
ܼҰ¶ȥˣ峿ȥϢȥ˺¡
ЩǲȻΨһˮԴ
Ϊϣû˶ˮԴˮ
ʳɹ˵һ峿˵ȥ߹·;ңԶֻܸṩֳʮгһڳϸ׼ʱǻͨװ̶ӱϡղܱ룬ʲôҪһ˵ˡ
ûˣҪлṩʳ¹˹֡
˿ˡ峿ףְշѵ¶˵һ飬Ҫ뿪һ·Ҳ٣߾òҪϡ
ף峿Ǿ뿪µ




116.  һһʮ  ׼   ճʱϡ

ʮгֳûֳɵ, ˡ
ȥ֮峿װװոµֳͰгԭег, Ҳչ
ûʼּ飬üСѧͽֱ˳, ֶЩ, Щλĥ, δܹһ¡
ţִСѧͽγӵά޹ŲʢлԶ, ˣո溫µһߣά޵ĺӣ溫һȥ߾һ·ֳг⣬ѧͽȫܹӦҲǴ㹻Ҫɡ
һ鿴µǷ򱱾, ڶߺµ, Ҫӱ߹ؽҪڱ߹Сµʱ, һ, ̻
ǣ𣿡ǻӡ
ȥһ˲, ȥֻܻܲҲⱾ峿ʵŲʢȥֳϾĲǵ綯ģǧ˰
ڽɶԼɣģռطģȻˣһǸȥֻṩֳʱĸ˻Ƕˣˣ߾ë̺ɶı׼Ȼѩ϶Լŵ㣬ɶģˣ߹ٵһǰȥǵǡ
˶٣峿˵°¡
µʱǳ˳ȥʣʣµʱ価ڿջɣ򱱾ǣʵĸȥôʲôʹ˵򱱾Ѻǣȱƴ֣ƴڵĻ͸ǣǿʳǻ
ŲʢлԶһǲΪҪѺǣ
ȿȣ˵ԷһСⲻǻûһ˲ʶһˣһǲǣ峿Ųʢ϶˵Ըðİûӡ
ʵҪǲ㣬źȥˣſռкüģֱߣò˼վܵ¹Ŵ߾⡣
ûǵĻֱӻɡ峿˵ô࣬ӽˣһ·չ˺ˣȻʡ
ףɫһݣ
Ȼ峿ְСѧͽ˶ԱСѧͽһܵˡ
緹峿޿룬ҪҪǴӱ߹ش
߹ص٣Ƥëˡ
뵽⴮֮ǰԵĺθ﷭ڣһɹθðһðȻ۵⴮ĳǰ峿۾ֱˣַ߷ݣ⽹̵ۣͻĿˮðɶʱˡϵڱļܣ
۾ǿд뿪˳ŰɫӺӵֻ۵һ·ϣ˺
ſˮ˾䣬ɶ۸񣿡
һٰࡱ
̫ˡԺţʳҲɾ衣
಻󣬹ˮһﲻˮϴ˰ɣ峿Ժӿһõͷ
֪뷨˷ۣԼṩ׺ˮֻҪһ£һӿ⴮𣿡
峿һʱֻʣĽˣһǺöԶˣŻ԰ࡣ
ɽ峿ץӣһȻһۿɿڣ˳˻ԡ
Ҫǣ⻹弶޵⣬ζԡ̡ˣɽͷ˺ź޷ܸ߼޵ġ
һӿ꣬һƿȪˮ˹
峿㲻Ծ˵ɣɶ
ҰŽȥҲҪȥ߾
аθڲС峿ȴҲûзԣѣҪ˵ֻкôû⣬ȻҾ͸ŲʢлԶ˵һҵ㣬ҪĻñˣ˷ˡ
֪ˣʲôʱߣбɣ̧ʡ
峿
Ȫˮػ͵ݣøдš
ȣϴ˼ҵţһ˵ȻʱǱһ©׷ɾǴ¶ˡ
Σռ˼ұ˲ܰռȻ黹Ҫ㣬ԣøڶ٣û˵д˾䡮öٺʣ
󣬿ȿȣֳгһԤһṩͻţ󣬸һż۸ҪѡֱӴ򹳣֮ڽŲʢرҪҲд
һû⣬װŷڴѧŵӾﰴ˸ӡ
һ·ҪʳװֳģгĺҲľװЩʵˮ
ûˮʵ̫鷳ˣˮҲУˮ̫̣ûǴˮ
ȵ䣬һ׼׵´ŶʮʿȰֳгƵ˺ɽ˴
峿Ųʢ˽ܸ£һȥǸţлţǴ⣬˴ӱ߹ЩƤë
ûճʱͣطϣʱ򡣡




117.  һһ     ǧִ

Ŀͺ¡ǵıӰڰ֮, 峿Ա߾Żѵ·Զذɣ˯
˯, ȥһˣϵһ֮ǰʯ, һޡ·Զҡͷ, ʹ, ûô˯ˡ
⻰˵ģʮҲ𣿡峿ڻ˾䡣
ҴӶʮˡ·Զĵ
ڹŴȷʵ˼, ҪǸǰ⻹׳أ·ԶȷȥҪϵĺܣΪ˲ٿͷ
ɵóŻܸɵĶʱɵ㣬ҵס峿ЦŵҺúøɣ壬ʮݣ, ǻؼϵ˼ʱÿ»㷢Ͻ𡣡
·Զȵؼ˻Ǯ
, ɵĺãÿõĶ, ɵĲ, õ㣬ģҵ, Ҳ᲻ܵġ峿ŵ
ı䲻˹ŴūƶȣҲûǸ¶־򣬵ܼ¸ıԼ˵ĴǿԵġ
ҴллС㡣·Զ֣صĸ峿˸ͷ
ˣɣ޷Ӳһʱհɣһֳ㵽ʱ˳ȥЩʡ˵Ż˵ɽظҲȥˡ

ڶ峿峿ֺ·Զݹһġ
˵峿̲סüͷûſǻڵʵ֮ǰЩ۵ʬǱôظģ¶𣿡
·Զ˳ʱм̰Ĳʳһȫɽϣ֮ǰռʬʱ򣬾ҹͻˣͨʣļۡ
Ϊ⼸ǲжԣ峿ֻһҳ˵岹ʮĺЩܵţȴһ˽˶ʮĺŷѡ
Դл漰˶ģȥȴû¶ķȻҪһʵġ
˵֪ˣᰲЩ۵ļ¶ӦУǱѹȥˣЩŵۺӹ֤Լ̰ĲҪȥ˵ģ޹أǣЩ˼ҴӼѡҪǸʯ¶һȡʸ񡣡
Ѿûˣǻŵ˻Ҫ棬Ȼ֪ѡ
峿ͷǴæȻӦЩ۵ļ͹æˡ
˵꣬ʾ·Զֱӣ࣬ðӸˣңûҲܲµ˭ӣҪɶ
䣬ʳ֮Ӳˣֵһڸ߹أûж೤ʱﶺԣպܿҪͻᡣ
Ȼǳģ˳Զٷһ
ȥֱӻӰɣһȥġ峿˵ˣɽѲһ飬Щضɽ֮ģһҲҷŹ֮⣬漸СģҲһȫһ飬˵ĺۼǲɽϵĶ֪ͨҡ
ŻڣҲôż취סúȽȥѱˣ˲ڣֻҵˣȻȵ֣ϣ֤ǰҲ޻˵
Ҳ֪ѱĶˣʵһֱڼɽ֮Ѳߵģǲδ
·Զ¶ȥˣ峿ҲϽϣȥ¶¯ԵŰӣĻӺ꣬¯ӱ߻мС껻ջҲһģʪġ
٣
֣ͣĨѺĵС㣬Ͳĳˡ
ͣһְͣɣˮˡ峿ȥһ¨˲ˮ֡
Ѿ÷˾ͽȥװָʣ¼ѧͽ
峿ǷĲЩ֮ǰ൱ڸ˺ˣܲ
·ԶӦûڼɽʯ룬·˸֦ɽһȥ˺Сɽ
ȻһļǲܵģȲ˵ɽɶʱ򣬹ʱҲ
ɽ˿ɾʯͷ£һһִ٣īɫĴ˳ɽӣ֮۾ͨȫܸ֪
˴ʱӣ͡ɽδ쳣֮
ǳʯĺɽˣʯ룬·ҪЩʣµļ·ߣӦģȽƽûʯһźɽ䡣 
ۿ̫ɽˣ峿ųҲûĸһֻɽȥ˶źɽ
ƽȥϸѰǺźһֱڣźɽˣҲûҵ쳣
峿Ҳ٣Ǿͼ
ҹʣµСɽǷһЩۼϸһŷǺµµġ
ڶ峿ͬһҹδ˯һ˻ϣ·ԶĺȦ߹С㣬ûз˵Ķʯ룬᲻ỹû
Ӧòڰɡ峿һ£ûпܣϾɽأɽҲ٣΢һЩױ֡
ҪǣҪжӹļ顣
Ǿȳ峿ֵæһҹˣһȥԸȺϢ

һѾˡ
̯ӲԶΧһˣ߽һԭװֳء
״ѾˣѳᰲϾͿˣûˡ
ûóװãѧͽֱͨ·ԶʼװҪ
ͳһ֮⣬˭жҪģҲǰʶֵİд嵥·Զ˴
峿ˣȥϴӣһʱϴָĲѾ´߶ˣʱҽɴϡ
ϱͺڸǰź򣬵Ϊȱˮζš
ҪߣԼߣܺõĿ죬ͷٸżӪϡҲʡŸӳˣԺ󼦶еʱԣҪˣͷһغˣҺһŵҲû˸ˡ峿һϴƵɫ֪ⲹżһҲûܳϣȫָˡ
ϴϱĴ
峿ĵҲʶֵˣ۹ҪųԶ㣬һֱŲܳ¶ЩǮżˣϱһµǮʮż𣿡
Բ𣬴ӽ쿪ʼһú壬ָϴ̧ͷ˵
Լ֪Уٸһµʱ䣬һº㲻ܳ¶ְλһ°ˡ
ʵҲԹϴʱ˶˺óԵģԼˣҲȽź
˾ϲڴϣָ죬ʵȻĻָ죬Դ֢õ˵ͷʮа˾ŻѪ˨
뵽ǸζЩǲǱʧˣѬܡ
ϴͿĸͼŮҪȥ
Ǹȥ峿ƣɽסһ£Ҷ޶ͺˣҲҲܳԵˡ 
۵ǿأȥˣЩ̣ģҿ绹ţҲһ̲ˡ
峿Щһߣɶ˵ˣЩĶܳԣ
˲֪ĸ϶һġ
ĸһָͷ峿ϣɸ֣ɵѾͷɵĲɣʱ䳤ˣ϶˻ɣٸҲҲСĵ㣬֪֪治֪ģͷˡ
Сأᱻֵġ峿ĵַ˼¶Ҳĸ϶ĴĲŽã㿴ǣҲûлɣȫڣΪɶŵİ
ˣøȥɣˡĸҡҡͷɵӣǵǵĸĲš

峿Ҳ̲סҡҡͷֲûΪɶҪίԼأʵڲ·ˣҲûʶǵġ
ҪһڴгԷɲܾôȥ
·׼ãϴ裬뵽Ҫõˮ̲סۡ
Ϊ֮ǰʬ࣬⼸˶ŪЩˮɽ﷢ֵǴˮԴˮҲˣǺã
ΨһĺôǳԵˮõġ
ɶأ·Ҳˣ
һ̧ۣСˣ̿ɺã
ء˵ĵڶգ峿ϷǩԼ֮Ϸ˺С̾ͻؼȥˣ˵ţС̴ӻóӣҲյ𣿡
峿һۣһģһյˣҪȥأ˭ȥ
ȥҲȥС겻󣬵˺ܴ˵Σ𣿡
峿ҡҡͷΣգǿãοҪʮ£Ĵ󵨵ȥ˳Զٺõġ̫̫ȥǶԵģ̫ˣ·ϲߡ
һȥС̵
ԼȥװʶңǸҲϤ峿˵
ΪʲôС̲⡣
ҸĹϵ̫ãҵǣ㡣峿˵
û취δβС̣ԷһСΪϡ
У֪ˣҲǴӺɽġС˵ͻȻһת˵ʮʿʧˣ
峿һӾЦŵûе¶ʳˡ⻰˭˵ģ
˵ġСû峿ľ裬ЦеҪһѡ




118.  һһ     ֱ

峿δ, ǰôû˵
Ҳǲ֪Сʼ磬ϵЩԶˣҲ, ҪΪ֮ǰȥϢ, Ҳ֪
峿ͷ, ʲôˣ
ʧٵľʿûҵ, ܱ꣬⼸һֱңܱߵפҲһҡС˵, ĲУϾؾڲģĵʱҲ˻Ƶͷϡ
峿üˡ
ôõĻᣬҪ˦Ҳֻͷ˦
峿Ҳ£û˸״ȻҲû׷ˡ
а취С۾һ
Ķİ취峿ٵĵֲǲ֪ǳȥ, ˰ɣ
զ죿
ɽǰ·峿Цŵҿ, ӦòĿš
ҲǰС˵ţ۾žͳ֮ɫ, һ˿صĵ, ɲһˡ
峿ۣСӵɶֲֻ֪
С̵ļ򣬡, û¶Ͻȥɣͷ˷ˣá
㣬ϺͷûԷѳС¿ˮѳڿ̵
ţȥáװֻϣһ¨ӷѴС̡

䣬˵ʳ»׼ʮһ˵ʳԼʮֳͶʮг
峿ͺ²Ҳ֪Ǹ׼ġ
ҧź峿ݺݵĸҵĹµȥǴˣʳͱˣߵĻʡĿֳгҲûУû
ֱ
ĶҲĿŵ죬̫𣿡
ղŰʳʱҲˣֻһЩһӶ޷װ峿һûҪڱϣ¹ܼһȥʵԱ
Ӷ¹ܼ֣ûӣˣǳ´ǾΪǴֻʮҡ
֮ϲ˵ʵƽʱûġ
лˡ峿ӡ
ͷͳɽϵʳȷʵˣſԶ๻յģɽ϶ǰӣǳĽ׶ΣҲûʡųԣʱѾˣ˭֪ǻûأ
ɽû˱Ҳһ»Ҫ͵
㣬㡪ս˾嵰Ѿ֪ȥĶզڶû
һһǣŽɽȥ˵ɶ¶
嵰ǿ
Ҹһȥɡ峿ԾԼҲܴҳⶼаˣĸôô
ţ˸󣬡ȥ￴㼸զ
ﵹûʲô¶嵰̫ˣһ𵥶ϿΣһûҪ˵󹤷򡣡
Ϊҳ⻰Ȼֻи˵ķݣ峿ĸ϶һڴӦˣ֮£⽱嵰һϺõıīֽ⡣
ѾקֻλΣ㣬ҲҪֵҲãÿʵҶ֪
ãҪʲô峿䵱ֿӣס֮ҲûʰԭզŪĻԭԣԭ
峿ƿԲ䣬װһĿȪˮ
˵϶ǺŷŽģͷмţɺˮɡ
ɶıɣ峿ţȴʵ˺һţϲȻζġ
ţ棬ڳһˡ
ˮɵǵͼģҲȽºͣװһóȥѾ
Сϲģ۾ʮֵܡ
ӳϽѧϰҪȥܽ㣬㣬ˣǵˡ
ô¶ô֪ɽ壿
ӣ峿֣ǰ·һ·ǿĵĵͷڵм䣬һĴӣĸһȫˡ
峿̾ȥǸϽ׼Ӻ𣬵Ȼȥ
˵꣬ȥ
ôûˣ峿ŵĸϵ¿һ顣
û¶ӵˡĸĨ˰ᣬҪ棬˵ľˣ˻ӣӣǵ̫á
żһһҴ棬Ȼͷſȥ
峿ʣµĻɤŵĿź󷽵һѵıЩĶģ




119.  һһ  ޺   󵱼ҵ

֪, ǵľҪȻ㼸Ҳˤˡĸ峿ϽӼһ, ͸ˣǵĳҲҶ
峿ӵԲ, ߹ȥӱյ, һ, ӻʹ࣬οӦûд⣬ȥ̾㿴
˵Ҳ, ǵʱڱˣڿӲҲңϴҶĻԴӶЩֻ׻΢ۡ
ǣ¶ϣܱܣ˭ҲҪ˵峿ɨˣϢй¶, Ǿ͵ŵԴɣ
Ѿô, ͸ˣʱ˭Ҳ֪, һĸұս, ˭Ҫй¶ȥɣĸݺݵɨˡ
¶¹ش󣬴ҪҺĻ, Ȼȴǵֻǵļˡ˶԰ȥˣ峿¿
Ȼ˿ˣҵҲ֮ϲˣȻƾԼ治һҵ
ûһͷӣ峿˵ߣͷŰ壬ӹ̶Űϣ˩ӵȥ
С㣬òȥͷ˺
ãѿӵˡ¶Խ֪Խá
ȻܾôתҲУɽϾͲóôı
ţ峿һ˳ǹһʾͷȥ
ʵõĴ취ǣúŴߣϾǿսıôԭʵڿϧκκŲڣõİ취ˡ
ûһ飬ԼĪٸ˵ӣȫʵ졣
ȻսǸҲ
ͷЧ̫峿ѳǹȫԲȥˣԭˣ˭ȥС
صɽ峿ĸ˵ʱĸҲ㲻ʱզ¶˵Żأһգˢˢĵȥˡ
ʲʲô峿һ˻˷䡣
ʲôʱȥģ
ɽô˶û˷𣿡
ʵûҪ׷ˣϾѾųˣһѷ֤ݡȻˡ
ĵǣɽ˱ˣ˵Ϊŵûܼʱ
¶һж˭֪᲻Ӱ쵽峿ġ
ǣûôһˣôҵ˿̺ͷ
ܼҹ峿ֽһС
㣬ܼҲǳһҴѿءС˵
峿һԴæͿˡ
û·Զ峿ûô˳֣ɴະ϶
նˣ˭ʱȥڣٵģȫ¼߲ùܡ
ȥӣʣµҲͲʮ֮Щָ죬˭һ۾ܿ
ȻΪ˷ֹ´λƵ鷢Ͳt̨ɹˣƶƶȣ³ߡ
ڲŪֻĸ˿ˡ

֮ǰһȫ˳ɽһ𡣡
컹һӲҪ峿˯ˡ
һҹߣڶ峿컹ûˣԸоϵ¶ȱյ͵Ķֻ࣬ϧȻĺܡ
ȥɲ˵ܵģʮ๫أֳҲðߡ
Թ緹峿ϴ˸軻·ͳˡ
Ψһһֳ·Զˣ޺磬ȥҲãԣһгȥˡ
Ȼܿȥԭ׼һûݺˮûһúˡ
гϿһĲװˡ
Ҫ峿˵˷ѡ
ػʱ峿Ϥĳӣ·Զ
С㡪·Զͣ³ӣĨ˰ϵĺҸһ𣬽Ȳȥˡ
ҲС峿ԥһ˲˿ۣ·Զ¶Ҳģֶ˵Ȼȥɣ·Զֳǡ
ʣµ·Զˣ·Զˡ
ȵѾ緹
ÿһҿջţôʳԼ˷·Զȥ̽Ϣ峿˯˰硣
ʲôˣϿ϶ӣ峿ȳԵӡ
˳ͷģ̼ׯׯȼиׯҲˣټһλŵжʮˣС㣬˵ô˸ɶ
Ȼ֤ˣ¶֪ԽԽãҪôȥ峿мȻ˳յҲʵ
·Զ̾С㣬Сˡ
Сûã˼ҴҪ㣬㣬ûõġ峿ͣ㲻Ҫҽȥˣ͵õ棬бһ֪ͨ㡣
ﲻգɽҲֻ˲գ㣬ܱܿڳǶģӦûˡ
·Զһȥ峿ſڵȴѾ߽ȥ˸ǽèš
峿ѵôһȹȻ޲ģ̫̫˻źϲɸĸԶˣ˹޳УԵû˵ġ
峿ҲںЩ
úԺͲ󣬴˿ָ룬һŮ죬һӣһ
ʱ˼ˣԺҲ˼ˣģʣȫﲻѾߡ
ѾߴȥŮһߣָ˸λ¡
ߵĹ˻ͷһбĺΣԱãԶЩţǽͷӶС
峿ҶйЩлྐྵӡ
ϰŹ̡Լġ
һṩˮӹɣ峿ֱԹ˼ģץ˰ѹӿţûʶһϵŮ۷׷ס
ӳĲζģͷĶġ
ţȻоԺﰲ̧ͷһͷϵȫΧм䣬ˡ
³ӿǣ峿ûӻܿϯ˰ɣȻѾ뱥ˣԽĲɺȡ
ûһᣬǱߺˣ˾ȽٳЩûʲô⡣
ò꣬ɫѾ׺Ժ˴һ̾Ĳˮ
峿üȻÿĲ˲࣬ܲǲ֪ܳԵ١
뵽ڴ峿أʯ󵱼ҵû
󵱼ң峿ǳ飬ӻ֣ء
ôŵŮǱˣ𣬡󵱼Ӹλ
һŮǾ桢ĽʡмĿ£峿ȥ˸ڡ
µλþͰ
ǷƤӵ¿š
ҽһ£󵱼ҵģʯģλҲǴĳ¡峿صܡ
Ժ˵ĿʱĿ֮£峿̫ڵ߬֡




120.  һٶʮ  ܾ   һ̻һ

һĨ, Ǽݺ֣󵱼ҵṩ˴ʳǶһȻǧ֮, ˵ǼݵĴ󹦳Ҿ󵱼ҵһ
峿ͷ, ȻžƱ, һ˼ϲ̨ӡ
ͬԼߵ˶ʱҲûȤ, һѾͷˣǱ˵ͬ, ӵʸ񶼲
ЦЦ峿ʾ£ٴ˴ηȥ߾ȥУƫƫ£ɼԵְ
ƨԵ֣
峿һ䣬Բԣ˶Ҫˡ
ǳ, С۰Ͱ͵ĳϵĲˣɵ, ȳԣ߳Ա˵, ŪôЩ˿ɲ, ҲٵĹ򣬴ұ߳Ա˵
䲻˻ڳҲб, ͷ˵ûأЩ̡߲ʲôģ󵱼ҵģȻﻹҲô۵ġ
˿ˣ˳·Щˡ峿ۣϺͷݺɬ죬Ҫǳǰ֪ͨ˵Ҫ·Ҳ벻Щ߲ˣ˸ղҲ˵ˣԵ֣Ȼܵ˴ˣƽʱû߲˵ģϾ߲ЩҲռط·ϻ׻
üͷһѵͲˣҿвͣ˶ãôʦڵĿɲԣֺҵĹӦöȥϹʳȼ񡭡
峿ѶˣǸĿ۳û뵽Լһ仰˻ϻӡ
ǳ԰ɡ
˿һĻ죬ǣû峿ĴӣĻû˸Ҷ
˵˵źȻò̫ԣһŤͷ峿Եͣǳ飬ͻȻ˵ȥˣֻܾƱˣҲҪ҆£ˣðܿ࣬ȴȾƳ⣬ܰ
˵ĸƵá
峿ƲƲ죬ס̰ԡûʶ裬Ĵ棬ЩͣطС
û˼
ڻʱ˿̵עҲϣ峿ֵĳԳԳԡ
ĩβϣС̵ǵĿ㵨ӿ󣬾Ͳµ
ҲͷʹĲУֻϽϯһߣصؽ磬զզġ
Щ֮ⱲӼĹٶˣһӺ޲ϣõ
ŮǱߣ־ͺܰײûУ֪Ϊɢء
峿ʻصɤ۵ıãҵĳղ̫֮⣬ζ൱ĲҲºÿһ¾ͼ˵ʳ
峿¿ӣĶʵȥˣûռˣǲ֪ԲܴܲϾʣµžƱˡ
ϯҲˣͻȻڻиת壬ϴкͰЦݣǹݼҺһս󵱼ҵģˣ
峿̧ͷҲľܾˣ£¶ˣӦ˼ҡ
һĨζҪʲô
Ϻ갡⻰ûһ˿仯ûзڵգҲûΥԸķŭڣЦݸˣһĵĳˣǳҲ²ˣûбϿôƽ
Ϻ꣡
ʯϵļʮˣɽµļǧ󵱼ҵģ𣿡
ģ˲Υĵ¶峿ȻľܾǾԲ˵ġ
һĨɫЦеģá
ƺں峿ԡƨ
ֱ壬һһʮΪѵӣôͲдˡ¶ҡΧ˷ǳɫѯʣˣʲôΪѵ¶˵һ
峿ֱۣĵĳһС̣ʹɫϷ鷳ĻϽҸ˰ɡ
С̲֪ûǲںƨεϣ˸Ű֮⣬ͲûŴߴ٣㵹ǿŵ˵
ֹ̾Ŀʻˣû˵
ʱмզ¶һҪ˵ʣµˣ۾ͣ峿
峿ͷһС¶ϲ̨
˵Ȱ˵£ٴ̾Ťͷ峿ʵҲǴ¶󵱼ҵĸң˵ǣ˵ǡ
˵ɶˣĴ󵨵˵˴ߴٵ
һҧ¶˾ģ󵱼ҵ˵в֮ģʯ˽ش




121.  һһ  ж   㶼ˣ

ܣ, ʶķ
ϸַŭ֮ɫŵĵ峿󵱼Ҹղĸҵ, Ҳţ󵱼ҵ, Ϊ, ΪҪô˵
û˵峿Щ, ֪ϣôɶ壿Ϊôһһ
ûиݵĻ漰, û˸ҺҴĺðɡ
һ㶣ûϵ峿ʸڷϡݵĵһֺϷ
峿Ц㿴ôС
ţǷӦ˹ϱŷϲ֮ɫͷûûû˵, ˣ, ʹˣ䲻ʹ, Ҿ˵, ô˽رôܾٱأ
Ͻת鼱֮°Ӷб, ղǿ󣬿¶ҵĴҾ͵Ҹղŷ˸ƨҪȥ
ô˵ɣʮɣͶ䲻ʹˣͬһλͻȻĻ¶ģǹǰɣ
ˣ˵еж
峿һĿ⾼ĶˣһˣͬϵǮ˰סĳ࣬ͷٰ
˽رͬ췴Ϊ͢٣ȴ¶ɲ红ͯ˵һ͹ȥģ峿棬ʮָͷϴʮʯĸĿڡ
ѽ¶¶ɲǿЦģˣҲ˵ҶΪǺãΪãЩܵɶҲûﲻǣŮǲ֪أһ˵©أôźѾСˣɶʱ͸©ȥˣǹ˼ҵġ˭֪߹ظ漱أϢҪǴ߹أĶ밡ж˵ˣͦеġ
ûЩͨҲ֪˵漰ĳĻǲ׵˵ڡοʮҲǾֻһܣСﺦˣҳ˵Ļˡжһֵ
жŽŵǷҪŲţֻ˵ȥĻóȥˮˮգ⻰ҲղȥˣԣˣҪôǽҪôΪĳǲòҪϱϣ˳£
ͱˣΪ˷߿ʵöĶ
ֿǸЩ֪Ǻãʱ˳ǿ˾ǣ۾ವ

̾ȻԤϣ黹Ǻܳء
͵͵峿С￴ͦ򶨵ģһӹ
峿ųЦЦ΢΢ͷ
ʲô˼
û뵽õӦһ˲ܿ췴Ӧͷ˼ǿԣͬ⣿

˳ӣεЦЦң£ˣ˵еôˣҪ˱Ҳʵ佫ѹȥ̯֤ʵû˽ر
˵ֿ꣬峿峿۵ĳͷĶԡ
Լûл⣬뵽Ϸ˵ĻС϶Ѿ˺֡
ıСﲻˣοϷ˿˵۹ɲ
˵ûжһʮܣһϣЩѽѽƹ죬ȥʯѰһ鲻ɶˣʱá󡯵ڣȻǴ£Ǿ˵Ŀе
´ˣ˵أжʵǱ˱̬ء
ϷԲˣ
峿ҲԾɿ·ЪˣЩ˴ԲıǵöԿϧ
һӺԺˣŮͷ̵ѾСˣϰٺŵˣƺƵҹɫг˸úԺΪҪΪÿһе롢бĴĳһҪҹȥպϾˡ
ȻˣͬһӼ粻ֲܿĸѾߣûһɽģԻôɽˡ
ԶһѶѵĺӰǳӭһһȫү
ǵļҶõɽѡ˵ˣòվִֵĳʾˣҸԳˡ
峿û峿˳
ҡҡͷһѹӣվ૵ңҵĴ
жĹ⼷ңǰο
峿ôģȥǵϷҾͿ˵
ܶӷ̾صһڳϣһ̱˵ģðԴ㶼ˣ




122.  һ     Ҫ۶ˡ

ûĻ峿
ֱ, ôĸ˵һ顣
㲻֪𣿡峿Щ͡
Ȼ֮ʣۺӹҲȥϢˣɽϲûˣϾɽϿǹϵء
ڨڨЦЦ, ⲻЩԶû
ҲûʲôԴ, ͱ, ²Ǹ״¶峿ϵĹӿ, ֮ǰԵһζġ
һ飬˴峿˵һ, զ಻ѣһ˵óôĶ峿¶ֱǣ˵ﻹ߶СŪô㣬ɶġ
ò˵Ȼû, ǳȷʵ峿¶ˡ
³Ƥ峿ٵ²˾, ̫٣ʮֳܲ
ü, ø峿Դ, ҺǼԱ
ϳ£˵˵Ǽж¡峿̧˵
Сɤӡ
˵꣬Ҳҹ, ˿˯һӣܿͱʦүѣطˡ
ƿϻżŰӺͲ¡
ͣɽ£ԶưܵͷƵɽ
½½ͣɽųһ
ûӭ𣿡峿ķΧ֪˭ͻȻ˵һ䡣
·ԶŻڷгظأɽϵɶ֪˭ӭӣ
Եʵû׼Ȼͷ˵ָ׼ȻΪɶһӭӡ
˼ת䣬Ҫ˵Ѿһ󵱼ҵĶ֪һӭӣǵ˻жõ
ЩҶ϶Ȳҵ죬˿̻ӰӣΪ˱ӣ˴γֻʦүС˴ԿţѰҵ¶
ԼĪһӾͲˡ
ˣɽš
ɽŰɣұȲᣬһҹͷҪɢˡЦеĵǲ֪󵱼ҵĻӭӭ
Ǻǣ˵ӭ
ߵɽֵҹ˾ͷǣɽ϶ʹ˵ˡ
Ůǣ϶һЩˣŵʵ
ЪЩʳʣµĲùˣֱӽȥϢ
ˮɶͳͳûУɽˮĵ
һ˸ɰͰ͵£峿˵ͳҲû˵뷨һʱ䣬ɽš
ûãɽµС˺ʹӾ˵ǸҵļҶˡ
Ȼ˵ˣǾǿʼɡ峿ĲʶȤںҵЩ峿ʱνͣ
˵Ҳû⣬רҵԱֽţôҵġ
뷨ҲûֻҲû뵽⡣
ɽϵţҶǼһĴɽſʼɽûãһЩˮͲߵȵȱʱ԰ɽҡһ˻⽼;ˡ
һھٱУֻ峿ͳǰյԵЩȺƤ񣬸Ըв
̫ͷסĺԴ͵͵ţǺŮǵսľĵȴţ¶֪ʲô¶ҲоĵպҪ
峿̲סǷһ۳Ҳ̫˰ɣƤ𣿡
ЦЦ԰꣬԰ꡣ
ֹ峿ҲЩͷˣ̫£˭Ҳסطָˣôڻûҵ
˵ĸ֮ǰмҶʦү˹ġ
ˣǷʲô쳣֮Ӽʵ
ʦүδ˵ǼҶϲɫȵˣүλүڵȷ쳣ھ˵ԼĪص·һƬһ޴ĿӶǻɣбĻܿܲ棬ĿǰѾټȥ̽⡣
бˣʵ
ҶûУƽ޹ʵĳһӶߵļδüͻȥ
ˣʱҲˣɽҲұˣӶǣǱûУˣ֤ȷʵˣ¶ǹȥˡǴһȥɣҲǼ֤һ¡
ٶĻû˷峿ͳʣµԼѾС˵Ĳ£Ƶɽ
ܿ㵽ǴӶӭӵɫѿĶˡ
飬졣
ǼȻˣϷǵ̡
ôˣڶҵʲôʵ
شˣǶտҲֻһЩӡ˵￴ֹ
ʲô˵ͷĵҪ۶ˣ˵ת




123.  һٶʮ  һ   Щݡ

峿Դ˲, ҪʪЩ½ӡ֮ǰǹѹĺۼѾûˡ
ǻʲôҲǰתƹˡǹܼһص
Ҳѿڶ, ܣ
ûгͷжһźĿˣ, ѹ֮ǰ˵˷, Ǳٱ, ֺ˰ɡ
жҲ˵еҾ˵ôôأִ¶Ҳ㿪Цģ
жһת, ˵ĻֱģҲп֪ϢǰѶˡ
Щһһ͵ģտƾ״¾͸ЩҪǴȥָʹ˿Ѿ췴뾩ˡ
ȴ۾һ˵úãѾͷܿѾת˱, һʱ̵ĲҳҪûС֤ݡ¸, ⲻǸ˯ͷʲôʲô
峿Цˣô, ôãǵøͷϰŸˣǵñƵһϳòվ췴ǲ⣿
ס, 峿̲סЦƾӡǾݺ˹ؼʱ̣ǰ, ǲǸɻɣǼλ²ǲԭ˵ļϸͨ˵ݺһʱ󻻽˭֪ĳĽĽǲԭ˾ͿԳ룬ûҴĳˣ
жɴ۾ŭ峿ѪӿԴϣһըѿ
˵ȥˣȻȴǵĽ壡
ֻЩαȵ׼峿Ƥˣ˲廰ٴοڵôϣѴҵɵӣͷβҪ֤췴֮𣿺ߣΪصĺ𣿹׳գ֪ǵĴˣ֪Ϊ˻ͻȻ˵ĻǲǵĵˣȻ˵ӢƲ⣬ǹϵˣȲ˳Ȼǻ治֪ϸ
ϸҵٽ£һӻزԭҴľϢݸԭˣ룡峿ų͵غȵ
һﾪˣϽ¼ȭֱ󣬴ȵϸͬˣȫѺشΣҺԺ
˵˵ݺжһŷŭĵվΪҵȳ壬ҵȿǡ
ȴǲ˵꣬ѾȵǵͣԻڣҴĳ
ˡжŵĵԲ۾ҪκѾתļʿȥˡ
һ£ó䵱ʱ۵ʦүС˿ϽкҶҸʹӺŮ졣
һ֮жҰס죬սսĿٿǸ˿̣ûһٸС˵Сˣһ֣˵ǷΪƣΪҲΪƺףΪλѡôһСˡ
峿ҲͲ֪ʲôȻһ̾һ䣬Ǹᣡ

ॡ
̲ס˶ٶȣ˵룬ܿ죬ﴫܻҴ¶
һॡԼѵڰǷйˣ򲻽ɿ
ľʿʱſ˳ͷʵˣҪ
ðŴ뿪ȥ˱߾˵ʱеǻᡣ
ҧгݣǺ޼ˡ

Ѿ˶ˣզˣǽˣֻһ˻϶͵߳
ˣûΣˣǸøɶɶɡ峿ڰ֣һҪȥһˣһܻ
һ峿ɽɽ´˿ֻС̡
Ҹл˵ԹԵĸں档峿С̵Դ
˵գ˳
ֹ𣬳ؿڣӿʹǲ֪ҵʱǻҪҪˣ
峿ͷҲû취ʵǱ̫ҪһҪôֻǰʺӿڣһǹȥˡ
˵ûк֣ĵȴ٣βʧˣʧ֣ôĹ峿𣿡
ûжҪ峿⣬ҵ֪һµʱ͵øϵ߾һºԭһῪսԣܿҪ뿪ˡ
ûаѻ˵
Ȼȥ߾ټϺţоųɵİգһǰԲԭ˿ս




124.  һ     Ҳס

ԭ, һԭ˵Ȳˣǰ붬֮ǰôţԳ, ڸɺţ, ڶ֮ǰ湻ʳ, ԭҪһˡ
, ԥԭҲһˡ
ڶΪϺͳ͢ıȣµ˴ȥϢһܿ¶ĵ, ʲôľȽ˲ԭˣڳֽġ
ԣ߾սһܿı
һ߾սܾܿսˡ
峿һЩʿͨգӶù

ȥãΪ֤, Լ˵֤˵ļѵԭ˵, ֤ȷ֮£жĲԭ˼ϸˡ
˷ҵĸ, Ҳȫ˴, ǵǵļˣ׷ն֮⣬ʣµļȫûб꼰, ´˻ˣǣ޹
νʼûж˵һ仰
ն˵˵ննģϼϼͬſԡ
˰񵥣ڶһʣʮʿ̼ȥ߾
ԽԽԶӰ峿¿ǰˣǰϻȪ·ˡ
峿ҪɽЩ׼ܿ˳

ɽڽ֮ӭ֣ѵ»֮Ƿ˼٣峿ֻ֮ɽǺܣڴ֣Ҳˡ
һԿźǣϴЦݣȻ϶ŻƣǸԼҴŵӣǰŴɨ
峿΢ЦſһĻӿһС
ѾɵŸɶĸˣһҲźˡ
嵰ѾһȺӳﻶɶ峿ҡҡͷһϾϣٿɽ棬嵽·嵰Ѿֳ˻
峿һָͷסҪȵ嵰Ѿ
㣬ӥ׽Сӥòã͵Ƕһ档Ѿ˵
𣿿ʱ򿴵µƻͰˣѽһĹӶ͸Ҳûժ
ժժ㣬ҪԣѾ֣ߣǸСԻ
Ҫӥ׽С𣿡
ˣҪժӡѾ
峿ЦЦã͸˵һȥ
ǻẹ̈ǼȥɲС
˳һȺӺĸ峿СԺɶҲ˵ȲûˣĳŲסˡ
һ˯ڣĸĿɡ
ţɫ·Լͬɫͷ˹ͷ
ȣ滹вû˯죬峿ɴƿ󴰣˳ȥ
ӵӰܿȺ˳ɽҵǰغõгһɨѡ
ɽɨѰںϣɨгֵĺۼ
Űտȥķȥܿͷǵټ
һ·׷ٹȥҹʱڿǰͷӰ
ϾǾеľʿδⱻǰ֣峿ҿ̫ھǻʱͣг
оҹϢ
ʮʿ¶ӪƥһΧм䡣
Χһ˸ˣһĸֵҹ
棬а˸˸İ˸˷򽻴ĶĶ
峿ݣһһ˯þˣöˡ
峿Щͷۣʣһס棬ҪӽԽʮʿʮֵҹľʿ
ЩʿֵģûҪ°ˡ
ǿϢĿƴٲ˲ǣͷ¹أͻȻֻ֣ҪϹӣܿ
ԣõİ취ǵȡ
ס

ɣĸĸ
峿ѹ壬ƿߡ
ֵҹиģоĿ⡣
ܿ죬ֵҹ˲˵һӵѲ飬ŻѣΧյһ
峿״ãϽˣ෴ķء
һͷͼ֮ǰĵطˣŲݸûУֻи飬ǰҲûɨһ飬ҲͲڷֲݱѹºۼ֮ġ
ûҵ쳣˼峿µλòգֻʱ룬ֱ˻ȥ㱨ûһӵ˳»ȥ˸ضſ¡
һΣǿŲȥЩˣ˰ʱȥ
һΣûб֡
ǣôãۿˣȻûܳһƣҲûаҹҹ
ѵô𣿡
峿ȥٶһ
룬һ汻˻ᡣ




125.  һ  ɽ   Ϣ

˯ò, ûһˣϵĲϸéʱȻ߻һѵˡ
Ȼ, é֮ǰһӾʿ, ֮Զ, һС˾ȥˡ
峿һ, ˡ
ֻҪܸЩʿֿöԶ⡣
һͷ˿ϸವĴ˳ȥûһ˳峿⵽ǰ, ӣֻʲô˳ſһ飬ҪС˿ĿһͷһɫĹӲĿϡ
ʲôʱ
ͨһдŲŵ£, һϸϸĶ˳С˵Ŀȥſ, Ҫѣȴ˲Ϣ
СȫȻûвΣ, Ҫſں, ȴͬĿһʹԶľʿˣѸ, һ̽ϢѾû˺ھʿɵɫһ䡣
ȥͷʿٻȥ棬ʣµļ̧ʬںͷ
ܿ죬ӪػһӶӵľʿѸٿʼΧ顣
˿̵峿ѾصгĸǰŶԷӦһʱ䣬Ѹ뿪
ûмŷʯѡһߡ
뵽Щˣ峿ɲСЩʿһɨѲãɲ˳ҵʯȥԸԶ·Ȱɡ
Щ˿Ϊ˲׷ϣ峿ת˰͹ƽɽ·ߣȻɽϢǷ׷ٶ
汻¶ˣûнһЩʿ
޷ֻܼ
죬峿òϴɾմһһ弶ṩһ˫ҲʹĲС
һκûдӺһһ綯гˬҲ׷ϡ
ڣպ׷ûˡ
֪ǷˣҲۼˡ
ǣ峿ûеġ
˭֪ǲΪֻ֣ͻȻϮ
峿ûͣԭнٶȼǰȻ׷һ񣬵г̫ˣɲЩǰ¶棬ڲֹһ·
ѡ·˹ȥȥν֣˾ˡ
ô˰£ôҲ׷ȥˣϾҵ¶ɲС϶÷أϱ͢
뵽峿ͻһ£ȷʵزصĻһʯ룬Ҳˣǿɾʹ
峿ƵͷǸϽذɡ
һҲˣϽغг·һ糾ͣûôƼݣҲû׾ʵصķ
һʲŷ֣Ȼܵˡ
֪·ͺðˣϽгظϡ
·һֳ˵϶ʯ˰
С㣬ˡ峿ϵļҲǼˣȻĨᡣ
˰˻ޣ˲峿һˣɽɶ¶û
ûУɽһ̫ƽҶأڣϷ˼ˡ
峿ǳ鴤Ϸ˾ĸɣĸʮء
ȿȣʲôǱأû𣿡
ûУæĺܣĶпɽϡ·ۻ˰ɣڳһȥ
аɣ峿ʵˣ˾˳糵ȥ·ϴӡ˾׳·ԶɽŪ˸ɣ˵ȥǲ̽ȥˣڲɽϵ˵ҲˣĸżԹ䣬˵֮ǰҲ˵һ
֮⣬ûбġ¶ˡ
ѵû
ܰһͱﻹܻɥʬˡ
ΪɶûϢأ
ЩʿϢ𣿡
峿һʱ벻ͨˣͷȥϢ
ֻҪ鳶ʯͷϣʵզν

ҹǲŻصɽϣûдĸ峿Ľ˯
ڶһǱĸˣʮȥˣ
峿۾·Զ˵Ӧԣȥ˸ǰȻȥ·Զû˵
˵ˡȥˣ
ԣǸȥһģڰ·ˣﳵˡ
ĸŰɵĳȥˣ峿ɿðҪȻ»˵ˡ
ĸڣ峿Ͻ·Զ֪ȥ˰ɣ˵˵ɶϢ
ˣɽˣȴδ·ԶȻҲû⽻Ҫȥɱˡ
·ԶȻʵ飬Ҳ˸߰˰ˡ
δõϢǱҲûУʮа˾ţЩʿϢϡ
峿³һ¶ˣϢҲãôҲϵʯͷˣǰȫˡ
Ҳˣ·Զ˸߰˰ˣһ峿û
ˣ⼸½Ǹо𣿡
оˣҪˡ·ԶšüӸùˡѾȥ˸ǣܲЩ޻




126.  һ     Ϊ

峿ͷ, ȻиܼҾǺãʲô㰲źˡ
С㣬ջһ񾭹, Ҫˣİ֮ǰʳҲͳ, ǵǷһ¡
ҲǱĸṩЩ, Ӽðա
, 㿴ŰɣͷҾͰһʳ˻ˣס顣峿
һ½, ġֻ࣬ҪǣĽӴɱ⣬˴ˣ
ĴǷǳġ
С㣬ˮˣÿռҩ̫˷ˡ·Զšü
Ǿң˳ȥˮԴʵڲУͽųԡ
ǱȽ˷, ɱˮҩȻ⡣
·ԶҲͲе쳣, ȴֻʲôҲ֪Եͷ֪ˡ
ûɶ¶, 峿ɽֵĳ, 򣬵Ӧˬ, Ļ
ǺܿϧǴ˵е֮ӣүҲûΪһ仰꣬Լҹ¶֮⣬֮ǰ̫Ĳ
·Զ˸İհ޲꣬׼¿ꡣ
峿ԤеûдΪһ£İպܶ඼ˣǵֿ˺ͺӣһҹ֮䣬ضһ㡣
׳Ҳûжãһ붼ڿԣصˣȵظ
·Զμǵ峿ĻΨЩвȾɽϵˣϽʳ˴ߣЩҲ֪ԼʳҲϻ
ǵ˺һգ޲İＸ߳ɶڿԣǰһ첻صļҲҪôҿԣҲǴƵãһǸȾ˷纮Ǻص֡
·Զ˵ЩЩ֪زڼҪԭ򣬼ȷʵǣҺģǲأܶʳ
·Զ̾һЩʳ˴ˡ
ôȥǰ취⿿ǿɲУǵó֣͢˭֪ҳһ֪ڳ˶֪ڼһ֣Գ͢ݱͲ࣬ȹӦΪΪݶ
Ӳˣ
˵峿ˣͨ˶ߵĲУôģĵȻ
㵹ǰѼݻָ
Ȼ⻰Ҳֻ룬ǲ˵ģ²žѮϾû췴Ĵ죬ֻܱˡ
ԴҲƣصô죬֪Ҳ峿ȥˡ
峿޵ȴҲû취ı˱޿ɱܣж
ɽϵ¶·Զ峿϶ϴȥһһȥǡ
ǰΪ˸˵һ˵λ֪˵
֪˳ɣڻϣԣ϶ҪѪġ
峿ͺˣԸ֣ͱ˱֣ǾԲһġ

ڶһ磬峿˺ͳӱ޸ǡ
Ϊ˱ʾӣ֪˾ſӭӼˣ⣬ݾڵصҲˣټϸǵĸǣϰٺŵˣˡ
˵ǹͬ飬ʵϣλɵֶ֪ʮֵǿӲģ˵ĻᣬֱӾͰȥˡ
峿ṩʳͳ˿ĿȡӦʳַȥ
ĿûҪ󣬵ǶʮһǶʮĴϸǺӣһҲʮĴϸ޶ڶǰַȥʳܼܲʱ͵ܣֻ
峿ʱȴģܾǵԴˡ
峿֪ǹˣ붬ֻһˣҹͣʱҲοʳ䣬ҪĶǮԼǮûϰ
˶ͬĿ峿㣬˰ɡ
峿ޱ飬˿ʲô
˵ģʳ⣬ǻʱˣ߷߲ƽǱ˱¶
֪˵꣬峿ϵ֤һ˿ֵ˾°ͣòּ֪ۻҲͰˣȻ֤˭ĵӣ
֪˵ۺӣ峿⡣
峿ĸ£Ǳ߳ವվˣ֮ǰӼ˲ٵ񣬸õóôǮʳο£ûϵ͢ȴҪ󣬳ίʵ̫ѿ
۳֪һĵˮûһ˵ȻҲ֪Ϊ߹ظԭ˴̣ݳԽûжʳȼҿ⡭
ףת֮䣬֪˵ɫÿˣֻɫ˲ʮϢٴκֻǵΪĳֵΪһĸĸ٣ǳԲӲܹһСһӴ˹Ÿɿ飬һ˾ǮƣҲǵһ⣬ͷһҶ֪˳ԿʲʡģЩĸȴʲôҲûǺ˰յģģ˱߹ʮʿģ




127.  һ     

ҹܲű, Լһٺ»ú, ҵһ΢⡣˵С˰һֻСӣ, 
峿ӹ, , лˡ
˵գ¡
ˣ֪, ȫɫѿ
ôҲû뵽ôһһʱ֮䱻ϡɽӾǲΪ룬Ϊ룬ͷ֪ӣȴʲôҲû֪ʱķεȵز
, ٲԸһһ, ȫĬĬǮ, ȴǷ, ǣֻҪҪƱ
һ, ƶСأĿЩ͵ǶλƼݣò˶٣ɼȷʵùҲûȥˡ
֪һǧҪЩǧǧ
ôһȦЩǮˣۺ첻ѡ
峿Щ񣬵˵棬ȫһɼ塣
һĻǿȣǣҲЩС˼
ԴӲҲӲӰ
õӣһоͺˣ峿ٴδƱʳһ٣ܴ
⻰ǲ˵ĺøУЩЩ⶯ܲҪʳģǶٵĻ漰һЩҲ֪峿õʳ۸ձĿǰмֻۣ֪˵ѹӦµʳºѵվͲ
ʱ򻹲ҪȥҪ峿·ӶЩͼʳʱ򻹳׬ǮվȥСǮշ׬˳Ƹϵϣô붼
㲻ڼ˵ع⿿ų͢ľȼ缽ôţԲǸ
Щ̸˾жҲһ峿˵ѵһˣؼ͡
峿䲻֪Щ˵С̣ҲǲģǳģҲҪȥ
ո̼ԷѾ˺üӣĿʳһͱĸϵΣαĶС
һƣ峿üڣ϶С
ͼյĸٴһֻƴСӣһ򿪣ֱҪϹ˵۾ˡ
Ǹ
峿ˡ
лֱ˵ɣҲϵˣЩջȥɡ
ǣǣЩǵĶЩʳⲻǣӽչʳǳɱ۵屶ǵҲı˵㣬ôҶܳԱӣɳɱҪϽˣ˷Ǯʵǡ
峿òͷֱӴԣʳ𣿡
ǡԸҲǸˬġ
û⣬Ҫʳԡ峿Щӣַ죬ŵĽӣҪײҪ
Сȱæžܡǣ㣬ӦˣһûӦ
ԣҴӦˣ۸Ҳޡ峿ЦЦҲġ
˵
ֻҪӣȫý֧峿˵
ӵļֵӵʮһСռط
ԡ۸񡪡
мۣмߣ˵Ǻ֮ǰмۡ
ۿɼģ¿
峿ЦЦǾķϣôҲǲУ͵˸Ե
Ҫ㶨ϯ˵Ǳ
Ա㣬峿ѹ˸ȫĽӣİһ˽ӣԭһ֣һٹ¿ɲ٣רŽ輸ˡ
ȻͶұ峿ŰˣȻͷЩ˻רȥˡ
ۿѾ͸ˣ峿ͳ˭Ҳڸǹҹ峿ո˵˵˳ҹϻȥ
ֻǼһٹĽӣٶʵĿ첻һֱڶյŸϻ˵峿ǿǵ˶ӣҲӰȥ
ɽ£峿˸˳ʳԸһֻٹصӣСɽ
ӿǱֵģ峿ûȥƻ״ֱӷŽԺĿⷿͷһİˣ㹻ˡ
ĸһӲˣһһӵĽ͸ŵľвѣѾѾ㣬Ķôӡ
ĸŻˣ¹Ů˻¶ͱɶġ
ˡ峿ۣ˵һ飬еæˡ
ӦõģӦõģʱæĸԹ࣬ѹģ֪ŶжܣҲϣŮܶЩˣ٣ЩĺӶܻȥǽĳ˵Ķ




128.  һ  ȫ   ̣⡭

һձһ, ҲԽԽֻ֮࣬޺ˡ
һʳ, 峿Ҳʱ׼ˣĸ϶֪Щûۻˡ
·ԶලŰʳ͵ɽ, ɽѾŶʮ˳, һʳĹʮ, Ϊǵһ죬ҪǷȫˡ
Ȼ, 峿ȻðǷ·ԶԸǷջǧ
ʳ߲ţ֮ǰõģ֮Էдӡ£·ԶԶţһյĹ򽻽ϡ
صʱ˲ٵۺ׳ʳФУξҲյ, һ·ͣ, ·ϵİȫⲻõģѾҹ, Ҳûжͣ
, 峿ҲһʮŵСĵպá
ڵûѣԸǮķ, 峿Ҳû׼ЩҩصˣûãЧΣҲҴƱ
⣬ķΰ취Ҳ̸˸ˣЧѣľȻûһģ˵ɸǹûʣʲôϰ߰ɧҰûôѲϰ
һѵɡ
и͸¶峿ЩϾոյһʵġ峿ֱˣŪŪԼ¶
·ԶֱӽӴˣϿ֣ÿձҩݡ
ĲȡᣬⶼǲѽѵˣҲá
òãûںǵ뷨
ҶۻˣһݹѾأﻹҪ׼صһƬƽԭ֧ʮİ峵ַʳ
ȻҲȫȻƣһһǮ򣬵Ȼ۸񶼲ߡ
ֻЩżݻģȡ֪˹涨ĶʳԴҲû취Ȼͷݵ˵֮ᶯ˼һӿݣʱǺã
İ취õ˵һͬȻЩôľͲ֪ˣǲҪͬ˾Ӫľʿһţһֱ£Ҳûֳκεӡ
ž·ݹȥصʳѾȫϣǵ˿У峿˷˼٣ǴԼҵļȥ䡣
Ϊ·ӺȻû¶ˣڽ붬ǰѵðܶҲţϵҲˣôõʱգҲʱôҳȥһˡ
ǽʮĺҲȥ䣬»֮ʦҲѵ˼ڣǻļҡ
ĸ϶Ҳϵ۹һ飬ѣ׼嵰ѾȥѾɶأϽȥ㼸Ӷء
峿ﲻĸߴٵ
ȥɣҲȥȥٻˣûʸˡ
ĸ峿ҲУ˿һ嵥ǵĸҪʳ࣬ԼҪ󣬱˵ҪݮģҪֹӵġ
嵥˵ˣΪɣЩҲǰ棬׼صʱ̨ڳģʵԣãûҲ¶
ʳЩ࣬¶
Ҫǰϡ
ɽߵĲˣ峿˼ȥ˺ɽ
˸ɽ꣬Ѹֹϣͷʳʱ߳ʵˡ
ŪûȥѾǰˣڵ磬ʱĸѾǰˣ˲ٶָʱ䣬һ۵ðǮûٻһĶռһֳңٵģҲа복Ķ
峿զ಻ѣ⹺ˡ
ûˮӦ˵㣬峿Ժ￪˻𣬰һһ˳һˮлֺ˷ɷĩıָֻ׸һķ峿֮ȫǵͨ죬ȣʢ˯ž
峿Цѣˣһ㲻ˣɴɽȦܵҹ˯⡣
һΣ峿ҲҰ弶ϵıͨ˳ˡ
Ȼ˯˯úãһ˯˭֪һŷһƬˣ峿ȻЦЦ϶̫ˣ˯š
ˢԸŪ˵Եģȥװֳ
ĿǰɽѾʮֳȫʵģǾܹȥԶԶ
һװװ̫峿ӶĹĽУŻع˯ڻûԲ
ʶˣϽԺ嵰Ѿ
û˴ӦֱŽңĸ嵰Ѿ۾ѾİЩһСܿ淺ĳ죬СźϺϲ֪˵ʲô
էһǷա
峿ʶóһſֿϣſ󴲣ֱѾ̵̲ס˻һ
ĸ嵰϶ọ̈̄ҲԲѡ
峿ȥûҵ˲ȥˣҪղܻ
峿ֻȥˣֻҪȥģȫ֢״׵ĺӣˣʹ࣬Ѿûʶŵ峿Ͻ˱òմ˿Ȫˮǲá
ȥУʱ䳤ˣ⼸ӿܾͱסˣϽһ
ȥǼûȥģûôأʶҲạ̊́ˡ




129.  һ  ҩ   ҩġ

һͨæҹ, ȶļѾۿĺСˣ̧ͷ, ̫бȥˡ
Ĩһͷϵĺˮôȥɲ, ٶҲֲסʮ˵
峿ϻԺ, ԴԴϵͨ˫ĸ϶, 塣
ʱ˴Ӵ, ްĲʹ
嵰Ѿ
ʱĸ϶Ѿȥ鿴˵ˡ
嵰Ѿ֮峿ûмˡ
Сİȣҩ֮ǰŴҩģ˲ҩĵĹЧûˮЩֻ޷ʣιȥ, ʤޡ
峿ֳȥˣβ˻ǵרҵ
˭֪һ·ȥ, ͼ·߶˲ʬ
峿ӿ𲻺õԤУſ, Ž, һŵĽʿվڴſڣκ˳
⣡
峿ãء
Щ, 峿ҵФУξ̴
Ҳкܶ˷Ȼԣɿ֢ĿǰѾڳڵĴʼˣسֻ
ϢͨĺôʱФУξƵ
峿һҭһʱ̫æˣû
ФУξ̽Ŀ⣬̫æˣⲻǲųʱ
˵˸ߡ
֪ɽϲ鲻ԣɸФУξ͸ˣΪĴûı¶
ҳԭҵİ취û¸
ŽӻҲûǿκãӣӣ𵽵á
϶Ҳˣ͵ȥŪҲУ϶ᱻֵģʱɾ˵ˡ
վڹٵ˰峿ȥ
æӺͶӦҩݣɽôˣǲǵǰš
ФУξͷͬˣһȥʽ
Ҳڣ峿ɫ࣬С
æסФУξɽвٵҩݣиӳеȫ׳
Уһ߽ġ
ȴһʱФУξٴγֵʱһһӣһֽ
ǼŷߵķӣҩĲ࣬Ҳֻճһݣֽȱٵҩġ
֪ˣжӦģһ˸峿˵
Ȼصɽϣ̫պó緹ˡ
ˣ
ءĸָϽصǸӣûкתģأûһ𣿡
϶Ҳ۰Ͱ͵ţʵⲡ̫࣬˴δ¶ҵĺܡ
﷢֢ˣڳڵĴȫ٣峿ʧҵɫϽҲ𼱣ڲ¶ģǿʲôҹسǵĽʿҪҩӣǶŷҩݣ£Һܿܺ
ҩȫӣֱӴˣ࣬ιȥȻһ޷ܻⲡ飬ȥһٰ͵ˡ
Ȼһҹδ˯峿ҲϢսķӣֻҪӵģȫҲáɡˣ̫һɹȹùȥˡ
һ첻ϢڴһֳҪݣŲϣúϢһڶһֳȥ
һҩݣɲᣬ峿Щûſ¡
ɵڶϲõף뵽ȴεİգȻҲûôˡ
ҩݺܿжͽ棬峿һ仰ǣûҩˣ
峿΢ɵ˵ͷ
ȥ̫ˣϴЦ⡣
ֻʯ룬ɶ¶
զģΪɶҪǰôҩݡȻʵ
ǻ֢йϵǴ̽⡣
ˣ˶ˣ纮ðܲ⣬ҾԷһûǰѿִϣܶ˶Ų˵Ŀˮ϶ҲŲСĴȾǡ
峿̾Ŵ˻ǹִФУξ֪֣ȴ֪Ҳ
УһῼǵģҪϢһʱǾͳ
ҩݻûղ͵͵һ֪ͨǡ峿ɲʱЩɽʱһҲ֣Ⱑ
á
峿¿һʱֳˡ
ǴҩԼɽϵˡ
ʺõ׳ǿķǳ죬պˣ˻Щ֮⣬Ǻ߰˳ˡ
߰˸˰æҩĸ϶㲻ôæˣ峿Ҳиʱҩˡ
Ȼܺûãе˶Ҫҩģ嵰ѾЩӡ




130.  һ  ʧ͸   Ӵ֮Ψ򡭡

ҩĺ, ɽϵ˼ȫˡ
ȴء
Ϊٽգоȼ, ûлɸɣ, , ܶ˾ϲس, һʯ˵ܵõɶƽʳϢϾȼҲ͸ոܹ, һǿܲҵ
˿ģƫһʼֵʱҲû˵¶Ͼһ䲻׸ðգ󡣡
ʶԵʱѾˣ֪ٴˡ
ʼһӾͱˣʯ, Ҫ峿ڣһɽͷɾˡ
Ǹİ, ʹŲ֪, ûзʶ˵, ܶ˻Żˣ¼˳˸ȻҲϱ, ţȵһӶȵɢӣҲȥʱ
ϧΪʱ
Ӽȫһȫ顣
ӪĽʿ޷ѾûбҪˣʬôҲУһ䣬ʬ޷϶ͻã飬һǻиİ͵ʤһʮʱգ۵Ķʬ壬һ۵Ĺʬͱ˰ĸɸɾ
˱ץסˣϱԸַЩ˵
ǲۿڼɢɴʬͬӣһѻˡ
ǣ黹ݿʼӣļݣҲƵĲȻ缽ء
˾µףʮ³͢˴Χס˼ݣʱʼݣֻ
⣬ϾΪ˲鴫ȥ峿ǣ͢Ȼûһ̫ҽ
ǰĵӾ綼ǼٵĻһϢ
Ƕ˵صʱ򣬳̫͢ҽԺĴôûˣ
ѵ˵ڵأ
ڸĴӼˣҩĹӦ֮£һˡ
ѵ⻹ص𣿡
峿ӿһɲõԤУ˵¶Ϊ͢治ٹܼ 
²ⲢҶڻҩĵʱ򣬸صʯ롣
͢ܣľȻֻˣ治֪ǳ͢ļݻļݣ
жٵԹĿµİʹ࣬һԵʯ롣
طһüһôȫˡ
˴˶һۣϿЦȴǾһ𣬲һôģҶôģɼϣģ
峿ӵϢʱ򲢲þȣݵҩļʣ޼඼ǰЩģˮнˣĿǰݻҵҩĵĵطʯ룬ûеڶطˣǻ˵ﻹŰǡ
ɽѾ޺ãȴΪ飬ٴο
峿˼ʮӲ߲ʵǴ֣ţ߽ˡ
峿ŵӷڵط֪λԶһ·ˣǰʱȰѶͷԼų԰ɡ
塪
ȳԷ峿ڰ֣֪Ҫʲô׼ˡ
仰Ƕʱ
˴ϵĲðİͷںð֪˭Ķӹһ
ȳԣҵȻϾΨǲ˼峿˸ˡ
һߣǲˣϾ֮ȷʵţ·ϴͷˣͷڸǰ˭ס
֪˭һ֣ܿ죬ͷû˴롣
㣬㣬öͰһĺ
ͬʱͷȥͷģ˻˺͵ܲɣѹ㡣
֪˭̾˾䡣
û˵¶˼͸֮ɫ
дģٶԱȳ͢СǼƫİ
ʱ峿صѾֳɼϯض
м򿪵ķӣҶǰŷ׼ģѾ˴ˣʱװǴĳһṩֳޣ˴һһӣûǮĿǷţҪϢǮٻûȸȥҩİɡ
С
ҩǰɽȫʵġ
֪ݶȱˮҩѣЩȫҩݣҪ˷ѣֱӵ˳ȥǽ˶ԣʱ
󵱼ҵĴ壬壬ллһ꣬ƼݣʵС˵ͷ˵
ףˡ峿ͷл⣬ΪʲôѸṩôҩݣλҲģҲܸλôģϣݵİǣӴֻϣ֪˭ǵ
Ӧõġףͷ󵱼ҵķģϴεҶ֪۵Ļ·
Ҳű̬һ仰Ӵ֮ΨǴӡ
ǣԳ͢ʧ͸




131.  һһ  Ȼ   Ǹˡ

ʵ峿˵, ¶Ҳˡ
֮ҲΪЩǰġ
¿ûѵͣƽ޹ṩôİ, ޷İ
峿һ٣Ҳаһ˼
ôһ̬֮, ʱ, һԺõĶ, м񲻴ģһۣŰҩݡ
ʱʵûô, ˾ϲõģƨɴĵضҲûԸ
ýļװҩһСյ·̣ͷˡ
ԶĿɲܵڶˣһ·˵ؼǻв˵ҩأȥ·ԶŶӵǼǡ
ʱɽϻ˰ҩ, Ȼ۸Ҳǰ˵õ, һˣ˹һӡ
۸Ĳ, Ҳûнۡ
Ҫֳ̫, ɽϵҲˡ
峿֪ͨФУξǱߣӸֽ˼ʮڵڶ̫ɽǰ, һ
ˣ峿ƣüģ˵Щ¶ˣκ˶֧ȥȥˣŰ˰յҩݡ
̫ãóˣޣֻܿﱾĴˣҲ֪СطĴˮƽޡ·Զüչһι󣬼ݵҪʮҾſˡ
峿Ҳûʲôõķӣ
α겻αҪӸϽô
Ǳأûɴ𣿡峿ʡ
ûУҲˣϾ̫ˣһȥǾˣҲǲС΢ˡСǼ취ŪЩҩӣҩ嵥ϣܰŪЩǵҲùڶڻҩݡ·Զóֽ
û⣬ɣ˾ˣ֮ٸͱˡ֮ǰļԼЩ̡ѡҲ򣬼ʮˣ˰ӣҲȱǮǮҲĳЩִˣԣҩûҪȥ׬ǵǮˡ
һԭ׵ǿʱҪǮڷѲƣİѱ
ҩͨȻûеõƣԽԽ࣬ȴȼ٣ĿǰҩȻŻġ
ôȥҲǰ취ȱٵһ׵ġƳҩӵĴ
ȫõĴ̫ҽԺ˵͢ȥˣǳ˼֮⣬ͬصĵ֮һ
һ£ҩͨõģΨһľǵȴ̫ҽԺĴƳҩ
峿æµͣҪҩ̫ˣҪǾżܣܰ
ҲǺһ빦ڴҩݡ
峿̾ʲôʱǸͷʱһµĺŻˣ
ͻȻֵˣ峿һôôͻˣ
βбųӣ¶ȻͻˣȻ𣿡
ҵأߵĶˣ
һ·ˡ
ٶȲҲҺֳȻ˫ߵĻߵ߹ؾͲˡ
߹ʲô𣿼Σ˵һ𣿡峿Լĵ⡣
˰ˣƶóŹӿţӸ峿һţҲˣȷʵѵһľ˲ţƢЩ꣬Զ˵Ҳûʲô
ڽֻ˵߼ʣ߼ˣųЩСë˻൱ġ
ӣ֣ˣ԰ûȥ߹أɱ߹˵˿ɲ١
ǿɲ峿ĵðɽϾƴˣǿɶţǲ˵ˣҾ֪֪ͼ
ɫŹֵĿҡҡͷת˻⣬ǡһ·ϻʬҰûҩݣ
ǣݵʳҩȫһ˳ġ峿ûĵǲ֪͢׵ķ˼ݣݵҩݣȫеЩȫˣ͢ҲͿżݵĴ򣬵ҲûоҩӣҸٶҩ֢ƨҲûУ
˶٣峿źӵתţأûкʵĳҩҩӣ
϶٣ͬģóóҲûð׼֧
ûУһ֧ܽҺοҩӣҿҲǶҽġŰڰ֣ڴ¶㲻żǱߵõϢĻӦûͼ׵Ĵ
Ͼ̫͢峿ְݶˣǸˣȻ֪




132.  һ     ԽӼ

ģ̫ˣ峿¿, ôһү棬ôҲŪҽ
Ǹˣ˱ȵ, ־ܵġ
峿üûϸ, ֪, ЩӸ·Ҳۻ˰, ȥϢɣҲϽҩȥˣͷ¶, ҷǵȥ
ЦЦһ֣һѵƤëڵϡ
峿ϲĿЩҴģǮø㣡
ˣȻǷһģûͷ뵽֣̲ס
ҲûôɣƵ, ڶ÷𣿡
˵Ǯ, ȫǽĽ飡峿ˡ
ʮڵڱ߾չҲ۸񡣡
Ǵתȥ, ۸ܷ屶
峿˫, ʮĽӡ
˵һյﲻ䶳ĳ̶ȣɲ, жʮֻˣԼһֻʣµȫȥˣһֻôԶУҲС
Ƥƺõģֱˣϰţһһţ峿ͷ˵ȥ
ĸ߶߶Ҫÿ˶һƤץ峿ϲɶɫĲϡ
ëȷŽֿҪûз֯
ɽƵã˶ĲС
ò׷꣬峿ٲˣһӵζ治һ˶ܵġ
սӣĸ϶ҲŻˣһƤɶɫĲϣһզԡ
峿һֻݵģⱾͷ࣬һɨȥȫǰ׵ģԣϲ⡣
ɡ峿룬¿⴮ĲҪϣһӿ϶Բ꣬ﻹЩˮЩҲУʺϳ⡭ȻҸЩϡ
峿ԸǲˣԹͨʳʵΪˡ
٣һӡһҲɲοڵ£˸óԡ
峿Һ·Զҿ⡢ʣµļǸβͣȻͳ׳ԡ
˵ģζ翾⡣
ʣµȫĨΰͷԡ
ʱ䣬껹£峿ɵʱ⻹ܳ
ȻȻȥˣҲָʲôġ
ȻֻйͳףɽϻֵȴӵŨң˶˵Ĳˣĸɸɾϴ趼ʡˡ
Щ˸峿һжʮͳǰЩû峿ߣűӰߣѵһŹϣĸͷˡ
òһҹȥſƮζ峿ڲ֪һԳԸɾˡ
ΪӱɽζҲΪ˾ӵǼս飬峿ںһ綯ֳ
Ϊٵܸʮܽӵˣû뵽ֻͿԼҵֳӡ
ֳͷϰӣ׹ĺ棬ѹܵĿ졣
С㣡峿˷ܵĲС
峿ڰ֣ɨһ۴ļİͷӦþ֧ԮĴûƴЩʧ
װ֪ӣ⼸İ˭
ȻǴ峿˵뵽˵綯ֳϣͷٺơȿȽͰɡ
ֳСޣȥµģʣµ˶ҪˣԸ·߰ɡ
һ綯ֳವһ²Ӱˣ񱩵ķ׺ݵĴŤſڳ߿²ֹ
峿׼ˮڣӳͳһӣüûôԹˡ
ȥһվҪ֪ˣ峿ѳٿһ·ڿ쭣ջصʯ롣
˿Ѿˡ
Ȼ˺ӣûƽʮӣúóһٷ˯һͻġ
峿Ͻ˴˸ͽƽҩȥ
ˣյĹ˵͸Ľԭȵҩܶಡ֢һҩȥȻˣҲס
ġ
ҩӱӱ޵ݵ
ǵȴˣȴĽҩ
֮峿뿪˰죬ҩٴζȱֻ
ֹʮգҩȻûƳȥ߹صڻˡ
ֳȫװġ
֮ǰżĺܣ峿Ҳûϸʣ˿̣ж˻д˹ϸѯʡ
˵α߹֮У˼ĲУΪԽӼǣ
ôҫ˼
ԽӼǣԷԸ˲˺ܶĻ͸峿ˣлʯԼݰĹס




133.  һ     ȥծ

ŸĶǰƷ, ͵ˣȫǳƷƤ, ŻƵĺʵë̺ӣϴɾ, еһС, , ̸ȵȡ
Ϊµͣڣʮá
Ȼ, ЩһǼֵƣķҲ࣬Ƥë̺峿ҲûиҷˣԼһݣʣµݷڲֿͷȹ˵ȥ
⿴һ£ȻвٵȻǿľ裬Ȼ, ⴮ܳȥˡ
ʣµ̸ǲԭز, ԭ˳Բãһӵζ
峿Ҳûǿ, ȫ, ζȲǰĺãҲ޷죬˿ų伢ǲ, ôҲȺζĺóԡ
ЩƷʲôҪǶ
һŶֽ峿ͽŵĲУһֽţ湴һ˲µġ
ñʽгֳŴһٵһǧξѡֱڿ򹳾ˣֽϿɺãеĿﶼϹˣԣ⾿ѡһ
ԱߴһЦСͽܹЦŵʦǲҲˡ 
峿ûİһۣʦļӣȻǣǧҿһ۾֪ˡ
СͽܳԾŴͣôµģ
ŶƾҶʮ¡
ȿȣѲ𣬶򵥵¶峿Ķüë߸ߵÿֶǧһһһǧɲСĿûи궼
ү˵ѾСأСظͽֵ
ʲô
峿һͭ嶼ûһţһ
峿սȭͷ첻Ϸߣ
У֪ˣнʲô𣿡
ү˵ǵĹ͵ģս½ţڲͷ˽ռݣӦòᳬ¡
峿ޱĵͷʲôʵνͷɱС
ţͽ·ǣҪɶ
䣬ͽ滹һ£û¶⡣
ｻ·Զˣͷɶ©үүȥծȥ
ʦȵȡͽܼ׷źżĲС
ż˵
ţôţˡͼͽһҧ˺أһŴ˳
峿Ҳ̫˰ɣ·ϻдٵĲɣ
ԣʮа˸ٵġͽĳɫ峿ûһʮɣСٲģγȥôõֳɶ뷨ûȥдݱ棬һǧ֡
ʦҪ
峿һˡ
˸û˵ĵضţ峿һһʵľӡ
ҲĻȫȫһ˾ǴҶ֪Ǽٵģɲôһ˿ɲͻ
ǻҲûã˼үһӵʮү
һָͷö
˵ˣʮ˺ܲˡ
ڶ¶ǹڶģˣˣгҲѧˣϲгãˣͽܼ˳ԵǶٷ
ǣץʱгѾ֪ͨڼݵݣ͵߹ء
峿Ц̸ֲܸ£һ
¶ǹٻ¶ϺһԴһôôôã˶ź鷳˶ٺôֱͲûгʮ߰ˣ
Թѡϻһ˵ӣͷҲǲУ˵£˵˸׶Уһ㶼⣡
峿̲ס˻һɲ˵˵ģֻҪõóʳ
ǺǣǸ
˭˼ݰǺأ
峿ٲģҲóϵġûвصĿܡ
ʳܳһ룬Ҫǧˮ
ŵװףԷڿʼڱ룬װãº˹ߡ
ȻҲҪģ֧ģͷһ³ɣᰴչʹ͡
˵ĺ峿ȴһҲǰȵˣ˾̲ȥˡ
ʹʲôľˣ峿޴־ֻӣϸɾˮÿеϹζͺܺˡ
Ͼĩÿյɱ¾ʵǸԴ
Ųغã峿ӣţ˽ҵǮǲǣ
Ŷȵĺһ磬ӣˣôˣǽɡ
һڲսһȭͷصһ˻һһŮսȦ峿컯֮͵Ϯб¶ܰ




134.  һ  ̰   ɱӺ

, ǵصֲ㸲գ۽˰һ̼룬ﴫƺ, ˴ڵصĹţҪ, һεĽ, һɫС, һи֦Ӵ
ۿŴ󹦸ɣѣȴҲһ, һֲǶ
εЦЦֻüи
ôߴΣ̼Ѿռ
εĲԶѻֲƿһ㽻ֲⶸȻ룬գգۣǹ𣬿ˡ
ϵҶƬ˳һԵ, ˵ɣô, ộ
峿֣Ķأ
ԽҪ, ǾҺ۸𣿡, Ц
Խˡ峿ӿ𲻺õԤУĵ⻰ʲô˼ɱ˵, Щ⡢Ƥ֮ġ
Ȼأ㲻ΪİɣЦֶӣˣҿǡ
ǺҲǸʮĽ𣿡
ЩǮ˫ģټ϶ⶼüٱˣ
Ƕթ
Ŷ˷ѣ
峿ĥĥȭͷûʲô˵ģΨȭͷõĽ취
Űһ٣峿Ҫ˶𣬾ǶʮҲ˻
üĳݣֻһǲԣ֪򲻹ƫƫҪҴ
ѽ峿֣Ȼյ˶ֳгҲˡ
Ȼ⳵вһ˵ˣúͺ˵һ
ȥ̼ׯû֮ǰԭ򣬳̼ׯ˱Ų
֮⣬峿ȥسǴ̽ϢԼȥʣҩǷƳҩʲôû仯֮ġ
ڵõȷϢ֮ǰüҩģݵҪ̫ˣڣҩļĴ⣬ص͸ˡ
ĸǰ׼˸ɱﴧ֮ǰûɺƿȪˮȥɽɽ
˰ҹɽԼɽҩģû½ŵĵض
峿һﴫ죬˻ûϽѶ֮һһ˵ɽ£ջԶ
·ԶǷϴĿ˶ˣ峿һĺ˱
峿Ƿ۾˶ĺȦֱҡͷαأЩҩȫͳȥģĿҲûǮհ
ˣȥɣúϢԹ緹һҪˡ
½½ĻȥϢˣֻ϶ˡ
㲻𣿡
㡣϶˸ľͷ£ҲϢһӣۻӡ
峿ֳһ˻ѣҪһζ
ԡ峿ݹȥһʣµĲһţóʣµıӴڻϿš
ģɵĶ࣬ˣ԰ɣԺˡ϶ſĽƵıʿˮƿӡ
԰ɣﻹС峿ЦһӰ첻ȱ⡣
ǣǵˡ϶ŽӹͷͷҪɱֻ˳ԣ
ˣЩµɱ̫ϧˡǲȱʳ¶ҲжιʳշҲ࣬̿裬¶ЩĸܱÿһŵĲеʳˡ
ĸЩŵĸǻƻЩС꿪˵þɱֻˡ
峿ûֹڡ
˳˿Ϳ峿Ҫ϶ȵȡ
զˣ
϶˸ӵ˻ʮһȦˣŪɡ
峿ЦЦû˵ͲΧɽͷӲģȻ˷ֻˣ
ҹܿȥɫ϶ԶƽɽһĨ⣬˫ֺư˰ݣ૵үµ꣬µѩҲаЩ˻ȥɡ
峿ſʣ޼ְͣŰҩװ
ɽ·ϺܿŲ˵Цˡ
ſʵҩģ˵û˾죬֪⣬Ҳûйֻ̽Ҫӣαôأ
һҩϣԶһţȡҩĵˡ
峿Ƿҩ͸·Զ϶ɽ
һһϢ
ĴƳĽҩ
оˣ
ȻϢǣûϢʱˣüٴҪҩģ顣
ԴͬʱҲϢ̫ҽҲƳ˽ҩ
峿̲סƲƲ죬ʱɵĺܡ
ڽӵϢͬʱһϢ峿ĶС
С㣬Ƿ˰ṩҩء·ԶϴվǰھôһϢ
峿ŭɫһ
ĩҲŮԸѾΪߵľƣһԭڣԸⲹȣص˿ɸûϵȥ׬ǮǻĲͷ˰ɣ
ĸأ֪ȥ˶٣׬˶ӣŪ𣿡峿Ŀڡ
أأ밲ȥ࣬˱Ƚ϶࣬µۡξˣַҩĵİգҲһӻǺüӺһʣµί˰ðȥ֪һֻ۱һֻ۰ˡ
ļ۸񲻸ߣϾҩģûƹҩЧƺõҩģǳֵܼͣ˳ҩ̸˰·ȫǸݸҩ̣Ǵ˲ٻҩĵˣһ뿪ݸͿʼƣƺõҩȫͻظݸҩ̣߼ȥ
Сɶģǵͼǵҩģָ߼ȥⲻǵʯЩҲǵģҩģãβȫˣǻʳֲȱٳԴȴǵɵӺŪС㣬Ҫ˵͵ˣһζģ˰ǵɵӺŪ
峿⣬ԻǴ̫ˣȻЩҩӦֱڴòԼ˺ȡ
⣬һȨˣûĬµδظ˼
ʵղ˵⼸أ鲻̫ذɣ
·ԶףԣҪȻҲҵҩˡ
Уҩĺʳȫżɡ´ҩĵʱǣȻǮˣˣǳ͢ûǡ

Ȼ˵ļ򵥣ȵһθҩĺʳʱ򣬺ܶ˶⣬ø̫ˣԵģеĲ֪ţָ·Զıһͨ󣬾ıܿѲԱɽ״ɽϵ˷ˣǴãŷҪ峿ɡ
峿뻹ǼˣһŽŰ·Զһ٣ʲôб˽ң˿ۣȵȡ
峿ҲżҲ˵⼸ûˮ˶á
Ȼʱ⼸˾ûˣ統̫̫ս־ء
ǻɶҪ˵𣿡
ûˣûˣǶ˵ˡЩ峿Ӧ̫ԣϾǵ룬峿ӦúŶԣǸ¶ɶãǸ˶ĳ̬͢Ȳԣ˲֮ġ
Ȼ˵ˣ˵˵ɣʳҩĵĹӦҵû˵꣬ͼҪϣ峿ᣬʹ˸ɫ̰׼õһӱ
峿һֱǼԴҹȥǸұ죬ǰɣ֪Ƕʶ֣úÿ
ûһɫҰ׵̱ڵϣ
Ϊϸļ¼µʱﵹʳҩĵÿһʶǳϸʱ䣬ˣ򷽣ڳԱȵȡ
ǼһʼҲӻĵҪûǮ뷨ǣǱˣЩҲǮģԸ⸶ģ˼ƣⲻΣǳ͢񣬲ݵȫҲӰ첻
þհɣҪһ˿ĥ峿Ŀ⼸ˣȥ¸²ˣԺǼأǲṩѵҩĺʳˣҪм򣬷⼸ҲûǮ
С㣬Żˣ뿪ĸµʱ䣬ůˣûˮһֲʳûгԵģûѵʳӼãⲻȥ𣿡
Σ峿˰⼸ɽ
ҩĵʱѵû뵽ʲô𣿡
û뵽ֻưˡ
ǲ֪ǣʳҩģ
⼸˻ȥ֮ת峿ĻǼģԼһ峿˵˵峿úдһҪʳҩģûУ
ҵ֪Ҳûãû֪ġ
صܿ촫˼ݸأҲû˸͵ŵˡ
˵ԹޣصİȻԹ޵ģϼҴܹɽ峿Ȼɽ¡
¶峿۾գһĩˣ˲˸ǲвֱƿ⼸ˣ˭ܰù˭
ֻ죬Щ˾ͻˡ
·Զһ
Щʱɽֵˡ
ò׹ΰӣʵǲˡ
峿ȴ¶ôȥ
⼸Ҳɳ̽·ģĴ󲿶ӻںأϾѵʳҩأûԸ
峿Ʋ⣬·ԶЩˡ
峿Щ
ǰֻˣ
Ѿ壬ݸˡôݣ뻮Ҳġ

·Զ˵Ľ£ˣҲȷʵ˲ˣ˹һգʱݸҪˡ
ָΪ峿ṩʳݸ٣ȻΪɺȲ꣬ҲʵıԤƵҪãڣпڷӡ
Ǳ͵ؾûôˣ֮ǰҩǮŲôãԣûס̰ڴʮһʯɽ¡
ɽϲȱǮҲȱʣֻȱˮϼңʵʢһˡ
˶ϲģԣڵ֪һȺɽ峿Ҫʳʱ򣬾ֻС޶ߵļһӳȥҪˡ
ʵ̫ˡ
ſҪ˵һȺŮϵĴСģɤſ޺֪ĻΪɥء
ģʵˡ
峿˸ȻߣϾģҲ
˭֪û֣˼ӼϢ֪ˣ
ģ֪ڼҹ
οҶ֪֪ǳ͢ˣͲЩ¶ŪЩ¶źء
ѵ֪ɽЩҪǵ֣
˲²׷ס
Ψ򶨵ľ峿ͺˣΪ֪֪Χġ
Ϣ֪ˣƱ͢ȴûʤĽ죬֮⼸ҵզãȥǺ֣ǰ꣬ƺξڣܱСŲϣƵƵɧű߾񡭡͢ڲභͣʵˣ̫ȴɫʣͨ񡣡
˵ĳƮҡûĳҲǳҩ
ȵ̫ӵλĳİֻࡣ
Ŵһȶʱ³͢úҡ
ʵϣҲȷʵ²Ȼ͢ڲѾ֮࣬ݸϢܱ߸ݸ￪նǻӭģϾû˲Աӡ
ߣ峿ṩʳгֳͼʱʿ۹ְСٶٶܳԱ˵Ǳǿ׳̶µʱ䣬Ѿʮǣĳռĳķ֮һĽɽ
ֻҪݳ㣬ͻԴԴϵıֻҪ¶ĳɽʱ⣡
ݸ֪ҲΪ͸˾ƣŻʯ뱻ڰΧʱԸվΧ
Ͼ֮ǰûΪ峿£ʱٲͶϡˢøжȣȵĳʱֻҪ峿һ仰͵Դϡ
ԸЧͣ峿ȻֵˣϾ֮Ҳû޲ǣ֮ǰһСìûϡ
֪λҲȷʵЩͣʱͰصڸȰˡ
Ȼʳ峿ûɿڣȻͷȴʳ˶ɽһһޣѵʳˣɶأ
ӿá




135.  һʮ  ʳ   ꡭ

תȥ, ů͡
򱱾ѾԼ󲿷ֵ
Ȼûмһ˿꣬ǵӸѹˣ, 峿üţȻզ, һƬõʱ, ݸ͹һ, ĳݸĵ̣ԼİնԲϷ, Ǹ췴ɶ˼أ˭Ը棿
Ȼ˭ʵ۶ڰ˵ʵνǶӡ
ڴҿ˶ܳԱӣЩԲӵİգֻỶӭĵʷܹõӵ˸׻óɹ
ߵһף峿ȻṦһ
Ҳˣ, 峿һֱɽϴʳҪкṩĸʳƽﴢĵӰʱ, 治һܼ
Ȼ峿ҲͶұĽгֳеĽ׽˺š
ʱ, Ȼһû, ͺͺģ濪ѣ˿ڡ
Ϊԭ, ˲֪ݸи֡ӿ뼽ݸֱض
ȥɲУȲ˵ܴܲôʳôӿݸһ·ϴĻң;µʬ壬Ǻܴ⡣
ϢļʱڼݸһƬã֪͸֪ضϣ峿ͺźܿƶ˷
˶϶Ҫ¶ģõİ취ǽȥ
ڵطЧֻǱΣա
ڹٸ˵ʵ򵥣Ƕ峿˵⣬˵մӳõ˼ݸͼѡ˾벻̵ĶʮΪĿŵ㡣
ȷ֮峿֪͸ʳǳ֣ʱͽ֡
Ȼ峿ռ߷֣Ͼʳ˵ǳۡ
ܰ׵ٵĽغ֪ǳԸСæ
ȻҲȫȻǵˣҹȥ˶ʮ˵ģЩ˻һȥʮУе񡣡
ڶһ磬һֳͣɽ£֪͸ظģʳȻûǮˡ
ĳѾ룬ۣÿ˸һһǰںţһʱֻһΣʱֻһء
Ŵͷ֪ʦүһ£ӻ̣ڵظʱ˲ͬĵ·
ͬʱݸڵĴϣȴֵɺڵ·γһªĹؿڣֻСţʮ׵ʿųìڹؿڡ
ߵ˵ֻжˣõͿصĹؿڣϽԼСܿ̽ɶ
ؿڻԶСͣǰˣǿǹٱ̫ˣԸͷүүһ١
ٱע⵽ʮˣӦ˵͵ˣͣסˣ֣ǣԣǣҪȥʯ뻻ʳ𣿡
ӵĿŹٱðû˿ںĹٱͷʱ򣬺ȺһͱԵĺӻ飬ݵĸƤƵúվ˳ǣǵģңûˮضˣûǣǶûгԹˡ
ٱĵţϾȻûвͷҲ˵ĺӣ˵ҲԽԽ
˵꣬ٱŵȻȥ֪ͨǵļˣ˵ʯڲʳˡ𼱣𼱣̫ˣпسſȥˣݸжʮضܻʳĺӣֻҪŻһݹء
Ƕϡ˵ĹٱӺɰóͼҵϷ򣬡ͽءءض죬˳·һ룬ȥصĻߣȥұߣȥؾ͡
˵һͨͬ鵷˵첲һ̧ͷͿʮһãȻȻûҲûס
ˣ˵ҲϽȥǼ˿Һһ˵
ү˵ǲȥˣлطˣ⺢ӷӦʵе뵽εӶ𣬹ٱò˵һ飬Ű˸ϻȥ
һӺ½½ľۼ˹ؿڡ
ٱøҵҵվзɢϢ˵һ顣
ȻҲ˵һ˵Щŵģܶʵǲŵģ׼ĵȥء
˵ĹٱվҲãҲգȥʯ뿴ȥһʳһȥҲǰһˣصʳޣȥˣȡһû˿ɱûѾУˣ·զߵĶ֪˰ɣû˷ֳӣߵߡ
Ƕڣ뼽ݸʮڴȫĹؿںʿֻҪͻȰ˵
󣬿ԽԽٵ峿ˣЧ
һʼʱȷܵʯɽҪˣ峿ҲûøһʳЩĵ񲻵òģȥ峿ֵĶʮжһһϢҲ˳ȥȻʯˡ
ӿ뼽ݸĴѡõʳǰУٲֵ˵ء
Ϊ࣬ؽ֮ŻԴ˻ȡʳ
Щ׳ģ峿ѡ˳ľӡ
һ㣬ˣɻҪʳֻܻ򣬲Ͷ֮Ķԡ

۳һյİͼٴƽһ󲽣¾ʣ¾Ǽ丽ݸûˡ
ͬݸɺ̫ˣ˭ʳ͸˭ߣ⼸ݸûк飬յӹҲ࣬ҵظ඼ǹϵǧ˿ƣȻԸƲ¼ҵͶ
ЩݸȱʳҲȱǮƣȱ˿ڣһأ£˭ܺĵù˭
治Һģʳǲȱȱˮмİյء
һɣûҪţǿģҪǲƻ̫̫ˣˡ
Ȼûãһ첻㣬ƻ̫ˣ˵ԺԼҰգ̫÷ˣǣϸھĵطҲûʵ϶ķڷ
ǾͰǰĴ򷨣һǴôʮµģҲ˲ٳڵսڵĹٱҲŵĲᣬȥƳŲǳ¶
ʱ֪ĸͷʦ˸⣬ѰƵǰ档
Ϊɶأ
Ϊߡӡ·ߣҲܻðֵ֧ԭ
Ȼӣ϶ܴͨհһʱס˳
һٴҲȷʵ˲Сš
ǣڵİԸͷˡ
˼Ұӣ㲻ӣôǵ˰ɣ
Ƴȥƣһŭȫû
Ҳûţ취ŪЩ˽ǣЩưյĶĶƤãɿһЩʶֵİղҪ̫򵥡
ҹʱſڵĵưպȻˣɱسǱʿ֮˳ţľӸ˽
ȵڹԱ֪Ϣʱ򣬹ٸѾӰΧ¾ܵøŵݸһβ˻ɣֵܵסľ𣿡
ٸĹԱĬĬʵڲоܰɡ
ǸĹԱڰĵ˾ӵתţ˼ڤţβܽһͶϾӡ
ϾѾռ˴ĽɽĲʱ⡣
Ͷϣ˵ܵøӵ»֮
˳˵군ΪƬɽµǴ˾ǣʣµݸȫ˰ͶѴ֮Ƭɽ
ǿϧˣûϣź
ӣպ󹥴򾩳ǵʱ򣬾еĻʵ۴ŴСšˡѫһˣ
ʵˣ򲻹Ǹ
֮ȫռˣܵĶȥ
˭Ҳû뵽˰ʵ۲֪ɶʱԭϵ˹ˣԭҲ֪զģȻ˾˰ʵߵʱߵǧȻˡ
ºϢ˰ʵ۵ִԭϣԭˣҪشģûؽɽ
˰ʵ۴Žˣз飬Ѵ֮˾ǣʹΪһƬɽµˡ
һҿԸóѱ͵ȵǻΪۡ
峿أ˰ʵ۳۶ˣȻּ̫˵Ƿ峿Ϊĳͻӡ
ּǸС̫࣬ʮ꣬⣬͹ʹûУǸδҲûС
λε䰡
۳ʤˣﲻԸ֪峿Ĺ˵ġ
С峿Ǹ˳ڻҵС̫࣬úðˡ
Ϣ᲻ỳɣ峿һҲģΪʳǵĵڶ죬ˣ




136.  һʮ     ¾á

ʯȲ峿, ڴͼҶƬϺȻðһɫΪӳⲡ, æͷȥһ, 㡭
峿Щ, ͣ˰, զе㡣
ʶĨһ£ûˣָϵˮ, 
͵̧ͷȥһʪ˲ԺӵĺɱܳԺӣˣˮ
̧ͷϵ̫һƬƶûУôأ
壬㿴, ˮ𣿡ȳٶ۵ĴˣҪ, ָ˿ˮ
ṦԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ˸о˾Υʪ, , ˣ
̲סͷȥˮһƨɵ, żæŵıܱߺŸɶϽȥӽӣȫó
գ۵ĹɽϾûվŵĵضȫССʽռˣ˰뱧Žˮ
峿Ҳĸһţ겻һһŵıӻ̲
˶˷ܣڣȫˣԺﻹһѵʳͺ
̫꣬û¶ãԼĪʱӣ峿а룬ɫ˵ĺÿ
ˮͳһռˮͰˮͿԼźˡ
峿ûкȣȱˮûٴӺȿȪˮ˳ȱߵС
Ȼʱ䲻ȴ˾һһ꣬µڶ겻ʱˡ
Ȼˣ峿ȥһԺӣſȫʪˣѻڵϵҲȫʪģһһˡ
ĸ󣬿һĻЩû޳ôˮò͵ûˣʱզ˳ԣ
Ѿզ죿ĸĵԼҲԲ갡ÿŪЩ۰
Щͳȥˣȥɹɹɣû峿̧ͷͷϵ̫·֮ǰֻһþƵãˮǿˣЩҲ˷ѣࡢá
ԣ˵öԣ󷹰ɡĸɣˣҶˣҲϢһ죬˽ʳ
ʣµĽĸ峿ѵһյļڣˮһſռĿȪˮóˣˮһ
С¯࣬˺ӽȥһˮĲˣ峿롣
峿ÿγɶԼӺ常ĸԵ㣬ʱ䳤ˣĸ˵Ҳƣյ࣬һ˳һҲû¶
ʣµǺŵˣҴΪرЩͨͨɵ
ɱСֻҪϣǾ׬Ǯˡ
ʵϣ峿ǺţһǮҲûõ˵ġ
ڴǷʱȥҪ
˵Ͳò˵ĺˣʳǵĵڶգصĶݸˡ
һʱ䣬¸׷״֮ӣȻΪһסʳꣿ
֮ǰΪɶ꣬һΪǰĻʵ۸̨ˣȴһֱռŻλŭүˣүŻ콵ͷ
ڼ»Ʋ˵ձ㴫ȫ£ڲԭϵ˰ɻʶ˵ˣˤ˶ٱͲ֪ˣԿ϶ǣȥ
Ҫǲܡ
ʱ򣬾ɻ̫ҲϢڲԭ׷һȺҰţʱҰţֻ̤һһմѪ۵ѻ
ɻֻôһӣҲûõóֵϢɻʵεڵأȥ̫ҽһзˣβֻš
һ£»ʳʲôˣɻǳ׵ˡ
󣬽üնû꣬Ϊ̫ĻþʱھۼԽԽƣ¡
εһڣѿڵرʪ󣬸ɺԵĺӴûǹһ˵лһһ״ˮ
һں磬̫ͷա
һɹЩ߳ţҰïʢľѿ
Ϊһӵصũ常Ǽ磬ﻹŢأ֣֯ͱϵũȥأȷһأվЩˣȣҪܷѿˣʱҾʵĲ˳ˡ
죬ǽܵǷİӣԼĹĴͷҪˣкӸ˵ĺţⱲӳԹóԵķˣ
ֺЦŶⱲˣԺӳأеǻԵóԵġ
ĵڶգһʯɽ¡
Щ⣬ͷʮģ룬һ׵ʿš
峿һɽȫСէһ֪ɶģͼͷ͵ܳһˣ嵽峿ǰСǾʹߣٵġͺүôĹûʹͣ
峿һҲǰ۾һ̲ס֣Ҫּҵ׼ɶˣɶҲûа
ԭѣɶҲûС
û¶׼ˡʦүЦеһָ峿ͼԶյѾں㰸ԡ£㵻ģⲻʱʹ˵ˣ
峿ĵͷϽкɽϵȫּ˳˺ɰ۾ڽɨһ飬ûðѽӸȥ˸ʮװȥ
ȵּ꣬峿ĿȣѺɰּʹߣȻ˽ȲԷ
ٺʹߣ峿ͺųţ࿴һۣɫЩء
ּϳʹͻƽ鱦оǵլԺ⣬Ҫ˼ս
էһķϺܲ˶֪ǲܽ
Ϊ¶֤
ôĲҩʳǽҲûôĳ
أṩĿɲṩ˻ҩвǰһڲԭϣ˻ҩʽʱܷ
峿ŸӵΣա
뵽峿ЦˣҵܲΣ򱱣ŶӦ»ʵͳΣɾͲһˡ
ûĵһۣǿδأ³Ҫľ֣㣬ٴҲˡ
峿һҭһۣҸĶˣ»ҲҷٵҲȥˣҪҸطϡһɡ
峿ûС׳־̫ھûƬоգٴġ׳־ǰҲֵһᡣ
ι˵أ𣿡
á峿۾˵ͷ

ȻҪ·͵ƻˣϾ峿ֿɲ٣ôߡ
ǿϧʯµˣһСûء
ľˣʮȻû˵ɶɶ
Ҳᷴԣ常϶֪峿ܣ֪Ǳ֪֪ôģҲʹĴӦˣųıߣѰҲĵطԼסʹߡ
ȺȺչ峿ѡҪȥĵطһλɽСӣ·ߡ
ƫƧ˵㣬˵ʡ
峿ĽԼȫú͵͵ÿռװˡ
峿˳ϷˣһҲؾ
峿ԼҪɽֵ¶˵ˣȻܲᣬԼݵ΢̫ͷˣзƫƫǳ
ǳлҪϾ¹ҲҪԷġ
幬ְ»һ£һ񽻸̼ҹӵ򽻸峿ϣ峿һ
̼ȻûС̺᲻á
ȻҪǻǵȥһˣһ˵עɽ˰ĵ뿪Ǹ»ʱģҪ˼룬ҲûǸ˼
Ȼ˾֮󣬺žͽ췽ҩ䷽
»˲²ЩںܲģмĴ԰ĵĸɵţһطй¶Գ͢
˹ͲСΪ»ʴ½ɽûٳȻҲĺ˰˵
˵˺üأ»ʰһģԸùĺ
ȻΪ˷ֹй¶ط»úӭȢԼˣȻû˻ˡ
ʵ֪Ϣʱ峿ͦһ￪ĵģȻŮǳƯ˻ᣬ³ҲûܵٵһȲ˲ɣƾ׵øƯϱܵ٣õ¶ΨһϧľǣԺһ衯衯ռˡ
û峿أžܾ»ʵ顣
峿һʱϲǣϲǺŵһ죬ռռıˡ
ǵǣһ군ˣȻ»ʶŸɣ»϶˸׽ôԴأԼҪǣ
汻峿¶ˣתͱ»ٽʹͼͷһ״û
һȻ˵˽
ҪǻŮģ»ʻ˻󣬿峿Ҳ»ʵĹ˵ͻҪںţϾܴʤôıܻô֧֣ȫ峿ʳˡ
»ʻɢ˵Ϊ˰ˣʥּͻ顣
峿һͷˡ
ǣıܷһ䣬Ȼ۾֮
¿ڿռķϣҲĿźű
˹峿Ҹû˵ĵطһݺһ٣ʥּϡ
ԼǵűˣҲûģŴѪԺռĶ峿á
ڿռķϣ峿ǿͬˡ
»ǰװ˼ζμ»ʵĵǻ䡢֮װŸʹֽͣˡ
»ʿֽһѹȺҪҵϳ͵ڳϵ˵Ĵڡ
峿ͺҹ˦ٵ˺ȥǴɽĸǻϡ
·̫ߣ˻˲ٹŽ˴䡣
½ģֻɽϵļʮˣ̶̵ʱ䣬ͽ·ӣԺл޵ļӣǴŸɾ·ڴϷ
·һķӣʮϿΣĶУϲɵ¶Ц
·ϴ·ĸˣЦи˴кߴ˸Ͻؼҡ
мһߴԺӾ峿ļңûйأԺѾƬ˵أŸðͷĸſڱ첹ѣѾ嵰ſһһд֡
Ų̧ͷ㣡
СһСڵƵײ峿ĻЦ
ĸҲ̲ס۽ǣǵĻˣѾ嵰㣬ˮСظ·öˡ
ҪŹǡСĢ⡭峿ĵһѵĲ֡
ǰ϶ӵܳŮ´һȫȫβģɵ¿
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