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ϣ
ϣҪСҪȻݲݣһõ˲Ŷ
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ϣҪרһҪɣֻһ˵
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1Ůݼʱʦ
2Ŀ꣨ԭԼǿĹѪռǿҵĺڰֳҰһĺ
3:1v1
4ϲģľг룬ľͻῴʧ顣
5ףģˣܽǧ𿴣ŮأŮһίǳ衣
ݱǩ Խʱ ϵͳ  
ؼ֣ǣϣ  ǣӵġֽƬ˶ͼ졷ղ  
һ仰飺񡢺ڰ񡢺
⣺ɹԴڲиŬ


1 
ٺһգ̲Ͼͼˡ
Ůǳ˿СɡͯɳǱʿæµתֱ䵽һϸıӰϣŶ
ŮһͷĽɫֱй£΢ظʡŵɫ˿ȹӡ
ȹӱȹųųһ״ǲɴ͸Žõõɫβ΢ִģžĶǵ
٬ѾԾԾԵȥˡ
ϣ۶գضƬɫĺ򡣸ĺ紵ϣһʪζ
֪ڻǵģɢε
ԺһмԪʱڣﻹӦеģȻɫ
ϣüͷȫΪԺԳϵͳСnļһ
ǧʱաȻƼȻ֮¡
䣬µأϿʮµƬ½ǣͬһ
ڰѪԡ㿴ͽħ˺ҧҲֻ֧°Թۡµأʮֱ뺷
һλǻƶñȽϺԻΪЩˡƬ󺣣ﶼǵkˣ಻ҳԺʡ
Щ׵
׵һ̲ȥڡϵϵͳͲˡ
˾Ȼ
ǽúڰаʹΪ񡣡СnС˵
ʲôֱأÿһ
ֻҪܽˡСnٺЦǰƬǲǿȥرãƬΪݣ඼ħˮźħɫ㲻ӵεĴ𣿡
еϣͷ
ҵң΢еˡΪսĶΪƵİ
ȫ˵ΣͻȻ͵ǧǰҲǲܵˡ
С㡪
һǻ
ܲ˿СҪ೤ʱ䣿ȻҲõ顣֪һֱϲ£ûлʶ󺣡ǹͷڼеóǵȾˡ
˭
ϣתͫӳһűͷˣſװ߰
㣬ϣ.Сn˵Ǹ㰲ŵݣš常Ĺܼҡ常Ǹѧý㣬еƲˣڻϲء
û취Сn˵Ҫ㰲ſԽӽݣֲ̫ۡҲѰûϵǶҪɹ·ϵĹˡ
ðɡ
ˡϣܼҵ˵
ܼҵͷֵ·ϲڵĻңתֺˡ
ŶɶĹˡ
̰ǱֱĴ;ͣװλСnָ㣬ϣҵ常
Ϲ״õɫļһաһһţһţһˡ
ŵýˡȻǲӭһȥ
ϣνعǣתյŹϣǰ
ΪʲôСnϣʡ
ǸСnͻȻޱ飬Ϸİɣܶ࿨Ƭм֡ʲônrsr֮ģϵͳҲǡ
Ǹnϵͳϣɫ˲òˡ
ٺٺ٣СnæЦ˵ҵļȫ㹥õĶֵԸҵļԽߣṩİͻԽ󡣡
ְȻҪôҪΪʲôҰһϵͳأѵӦֱssr𣿡
һǲң˵ҾͲˡ
𡣡Сnðһé®ϵͳв̾ˡ
ʵԭҪ󶨵Ĳ㡣Ϊ˱֤һʧһnϵͳȷ͹ͻssr̫ˣˡԣڻһn
ϣе㶼ܰܽ𣿡
ҵǲǸҪ͵˺ܽסͬһССnͷ룬ְ󶨴Ǳһһϵͳѡ͹
ϣһ⣬Լеļ䣬СʲôرĴ
֪˭𣿡
֪Сnʵ˵
Ȼϵͳ
˵һ˻᲻ϣϣٴѯʡ
ᡣСnܿ϶˵ΪάȶԣϵͳÿһʱҪһЩøֵңÿҪһֺøֵȻͻԱssrϵͳҪĵֻࡣԱĿԱҪöࡣΪ˻ȥǻᾡȫԴͱڡ֪İɣ
Ҳ֪
ѽǸսʵʱ̡׹˼䡢ڰˡ񡭡ûмء
СnͦͦСظ֮ܶȻǸnҲ֪ͺڰ갡ھȥĶˣ޶һѺøֵɡ
ô˵ϣͷǲǵڹͺڰһϾֻȡ
ΪõǴԽʱǾ׼ġڰɶʹͣҪһʱܾǵĴ½ȥҹŶˣ˵ˣ֪꣬ssrҲ֪
㲻˵ϣЩ
⣬һǡϣͻȻͷƤ飬һǿҵĽȸн߬סġ
һҵˣ͵õ˿˵Ĺ׹˼ʧȥʶ⻯Ϊࡣ
Ȼò˶ãͻָǡ̶̵Ľ㹻ˡڹ¶˵ӡ󣬾Ϳ˳µؽӽ
Ϊʲôϵͳʱߴ͹ȹָصҪӽʮˡ
һִûء⻹һ͵ĹܡֻʹһΣ鹦ܰɡ´Ҫʹã͵Ȱr
֪ˣϣ˵޶񣬾͸촫ͰɣҲ뱻ssrȡ
Ҫ죬Ҫһ֮ǰҵ
һ΢ϹϢһա޲ŷ


2 
ϴ½ĵĳУźӵĸۿڡϱǶ༯ڱ
ϣ͵ıɭ·ﲼ˴ССĵ̣ҵ֡
͸ƬĲĿƷɢ˵ĹмԪĽֵͻϲеľϢ
ϣû࿴һۡȹǰȥĿǽֽǵĹá໯
Ҳ֪ʲôʽ׹˼ġԸײƵһβ¡Ի̻ע⡣
׵ĹָּߵݶСɵıǡԶԶȥ׺һ飬·͵Ĺ
òǲٵãڱɭ·ķֽãڷҵֵıΧһȦ̫˾ǽ죬ĵؾۼˡǰһСյΧûп϶
ϣûܵǰľͰġͣ½ŲվȺ֮ȥѵԼߵķʽ׹˼
ϣִ˴ֵ·ˣǰ淢ʲôˣ
˵˵˽ǰ·ŲŽ￴פ񸸶ˡʲôɣ
ҲǴ󹫾Ķӡһ·˽ӻ
Ҳһӡǿʼ²ز²⡣
ͻȻǰӿһҡȺ̷ֳһյ
ϣ·ߣһװλʻ˳̧ͷĳǡܿһλź۵һصĶ档
ţǺ̡Ⱥÿ۾˲ų޴ľϲ
Ҳ̫˰ɣǴܼ˰̴ʲôʱأղȫûпε˹ȻͷСܵõ̵Ի͡
ϣĿһֱٴγȵסûɷ˵Ĺŷ˳û῿ˡ룬û῿ӵssrϵͳλǲҲû῿
λǳĿҷ·𿴵ײʥɽϵѩôôҫۡڽǰ˫üƺʹģҸоҵĶҪˡ
ϣϣλ˰Ȼ¡ʵڳ̫ÿˡϣǶ϶
һмλ̣ϣֿȥĵع۲ΧȺҳһλߡ
ϴ½λ̺һλ̡д̺פڲٶǡСn˵Լ֪ϢղλΪ̣ͽ㲮ҲԶͬһ
Ŷϣ΢̫ϲϵͳݣסǮݼҵСڿƺڤڤ֮䶼аš
ҪôСnǳʣڻܼ졣֮Ҫһĺøֵûв䣬ҾҪԱˡ
ϣоԼͷߡһʱҪϵͳҪ
㲻˵һִ𣿡֮ǰСn˵Ļϣʡ
ԣھҪ𣿡
Ҫ𡣡һʲô·תĶأ
Ժһ΢Ĺâ󴦡âһصϡ
Сn˵򿪴ߡϧ̶ȡŷ
ֻڡ
ϣסӳĵȪȥϴһٲ
յķӽֽǴطȪĵһȺŮװСƸ졣ǴҵĿͱһ£һϵաｾãŸҴĹ
ϣˮر£Ա׵ŮˮŮչȹڡϣ쵽ˮϴ죬ϴһϴֱ֡
ˮֱϣ˲յȣҲϣȶ˲١ϸ׵ָ˲Ŀڡ谵Ĵһĵ΢⡣
ϣʱĵȻĵ
ϲ鵽ĸߡСnɤ𣬡ֱɳĮ㡢СɯƤࡢķ磬ԼֻܿҡĸһƷ
ϣ
Ƿܳ鵽Ķ
ҽһŶСn˵ɳĮ˲µĸɿʡԶԼãҲԶΧáǻһСʱä֢
СɯƤԸΪЧһα˵ĶҲһʹ÷ΧԼԡľһкɫĶ
ķһӻΪȥȥκεطЧʧжݵءֻܿңָһϤ˶ȤʱǶʮСʱޡ
ףΪʲôһûиأϣʡ
ϧ̶ȵԽǹǿСĵԽ˭һʹãһߵõɰɣ
ô˵һһƷߣ
ô˵
治ϣһǣηӵߵá
ҪȻݼҡȻλһ˵ΪĲܵõرϢôݻ治
СnĴ͹Ʒʹˡֻô·ߵĹ
ʱڹϲ׼ʹõݳƷϾƥǡ϶ǰĶûгļͥҪУ͵ȥһƥļӳ
ſĳľ壬˿šȵֱּСʱԺϣʮöֵͭĲ˳
־.סĽֵһ԰Ĵլӡϲݵ˼ҡ
еһլ⣬ϣͣڻ԰ſڵĻǴŹûϴƥغɫڹĳԯͷԲݡڳϷ
ô̻᲻ûвݣ߶ݴɶѡȰؼҡлˡ

ҹĻ٣.һҴŻ·ڰȵĳԡ֦ʹ̨ϵ򣬰͵ɫâѬƿ졢СšҴӱԼ俾«㶹ĲƷ
ټġѾƺͰڸ߽űɢ˵ǻӭϣ硣
ڰʧ£Ľϰ֪Ĳ˲˾ʹʧˡع񣬷ԼվİĽֵֻŹ
ϣѱɭ·áЩҪϸ˵˻ԵĿŶȡ
ô˵װֶŮѾԳɹʩչβĸȤѯʡһʸĺ󱲣⽫ߵĵλ
ֲܵܽŮ͵ŵѧԺԭµֶŮѧ츳Ӧܵܣ顣ڿƺǲľ
ûгɹʩչײϣػشûаѻ˵ʡöԷҪֳαݡ
Ҳǳ˲ˣβЦе˵ûı߽ءпյʱԽ̽ǡ
𣿡һ˿ãתŮڲٳǣȲǵáϣ仰᳣ڲ
ڲٳͱȲʲôȻϵ𣿲ʵ˵˾ȻȲаɡ
λýͶԹĿ⣬ϣ޸ؽ¡֮ǰǾͶûкɫҲһˡ
ϾԣҪ²ڸں̵ļҲ֪ûѣϣָ䡣
˵챴ɭ·Ľ÷˵Ȥ顣΢΢̧һ°ͣŪ̽õϢ
̴Ǹˣ˵ӵо˵òҲ֪֮ʲôϵֶĻǼҵԽύˡ
ϣýЦų䡣ǵ˽䣬ͷҵ㹻Ľӡ
ֵǡһ˿е㶪ɿɨϣһۡ
ʲôʱԼϣýܲ˿ʡ
Ҽǵڼٰ磿һ˿ýĸסٵʵ̫ˣȷǼһμһ
ǵģϣλûô뿪˵˵
̼ҵᣬǲǺ죿ϣһСnԱޡòһøֵҲԱޡ
ͰǾʣûˡСn˵

ϣϣһûװε˿ȹ͵ǰһ˴¥ޱȻؼǵĶ顣
βû˵ʲôֻǲ˵ıЩӲû֪ͨϣΪ˲λƯֶŮŮǵķͷҲ֪µˮжˣõ尲ȹҲûᱻȥ
ѾˣҲٸϻȥ
ȹеأܲ˿Щ޵ؿϣʤʵ㡣ԵӰ𪡣
ϣûд𻰡ûѣ˵ǱԷķ䡣ȻԽԽ
ûдȹţ˿۾ȹڡ
ԡΪ˷жϣЩԥæһ䣬Ҿ̫׸ˣഩȹ
ȸȻҲ㣬˿Щգôû뵽
˹ǡ˴סⳡԻ˵ȥŮȥ·ˡϣһȣֻ׼ĿȸֵŻȲϾˣƷζ˲ڽ¡
̵ļѾ˱͡绹δʼб̨Ҵ˾ۼڻӹ֭е졣
ǲԼͬĻ⣬벻̴صǸˡ
˵ڻûѡ
Ŷ⣬Ū˭ҼǵֶӶ
̴˲˵ǿƺǺҪˡ
Ϣ
ϣװʻ˼ʦˡǾ뻹ǲӰ˽
ҿԷŴǵϵͳСnҲ֪ߵľͷʲôͻȻԼеȨޡ̸ϣС
̴˻ǸǹĻ
ҲȷĴȷʵˡ֤kûл
ǸͻȻڽſڵİɣûչʲô񼣣
ûУչ񼣾ͲΪˡ
ԭûиߵءϣ˿
ڸ߶ӡְԱҹػС¥ǹ˾ͷˡ
ǲǸһ𷢴ǿǴ˵ĵϵ
ʦǵԽÿϲϣȺ·ŦŻб̨ҵĲ˳ȥ
С¥ںĻ԰ǶĽû֮ǰͰˡҪעȺػְԱҲ֪жٸ
ɵشСвٱ¹µĻ䡣Ǻ԰¥ĺ棬ԶԶͿʦڹλϡǿıͶȰˡ
ͣһµӰóĶһĨ磬ûȻķ磬һӵʱ仯ΪȥκεطЧʧʮӵءԸǳص߲
һе٩һ硣
԰ͻȻһɷ磬оһᣬ
ʧأ֮ʶͷȥֻ¿նûʲô塣Ѿڵߵ»Ϊ硣
ʮ롣
ô죿
ϣæǹɷ磬Գŵʦȥ
ʦͷΪܵ°ͣڴٹδ㡣Ȼڻ԰ɢ
ϣԽţٵС¥һȦ
ʮ롣СnЩ
ϣ˶¥Ǹ䡣һڷǵ
᲻˰ɣҪˡ
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ϣûʱ룬С¥ûѡ䣬Ϊһȥ˲޴ˡ
ٸԼѰҲĵط
ʮ롣Сnм
ϣȵĽ俴ȥһ滹һԲεסܲһˣԸûж
롣ߡ塭СnЩˡ
ͬʱ֨һƿ˷š
ϣԥ˰
һ
ϣоԼһϵȹҲըٱַģָ塣
ڰûжСÿԲСĿռŽŲԼԽԽͣԼԱߡ
غͷ̵Ҳμͻ
ġҾ뿪һ±֤
뿪ϣС
ĽŲٴԽԽԶˡ͸ףϣλΪеڿĵɳϡƶơ
ظÿʼˣÿһ¶ޱȳеӾˮĳأǿӦġٵؿ¶ָгһϸĶ
ɳĮ㣬Χ˲µĸɿʡǹһһСʱä֢
ϣ㡣ʱΪ촷ۡЩĩƺԼ׼ȷشзɳ
ͻȻվ˫ְźϳֳȵʹࡣŤͷյķţſˮƺʲô˼붷
֮Ƿתͷ¥±ȥ
ϣȵŲ˲ŴӰˣΪ۰ǸˡɳĮȻ㱾뿪ˮͻἰܣοǵɳĮСôһǽ֮ĹҲᱻӰ˰ɣ
ţƿһ϶һɳƵĴϢʱŷһѹֶ˵ֱǸɿʣĳִ컵ķСҩ
ڴϢУϣ˵ƵĻƺҪˮ
ְŷƵøЩͫӳһסʷдδģΪֱ
ûΪĹĹâĶǵչʾڷǰôĿʥɽɽһѩ֮ϵһĨơɢҵĹâ
ˮ
Ƶ΢ı
ĴϣͷǺǳĽɫڲɫ΢Ķ̷ƺΪǲطתҼˡ
˫Ŀü΢΢壬ɫĽ˲ֳ˳ڣɫ£ʳµ
ϣ񱻹ƻһָһӡûջأԷһץס֣ԼϿȥƺ뻺һ¸ɿʵʹࡣϣʱѣæֳ
ôҲȦռʶ˲١⻹ǵһǲܿƵر֪ٵȥˡ
תԱߵϴȥڱһˮ޵ļΪԼѡļƻɳĮȥˮҲǾ֮˰ɣ
ˮ
ɳƵɤԵøʹͼС
ˮˡϣȶһ񣬶ű߹ȥ


3 
ˮϣ˵
ϵ˺޷Ӧ˫Ŀգƺ˯
ϣ˼һ£ֽȥˮ˲ʪ˶ԷĴһ룬ԼĴҲӡȥ׼ɡ
ԭΪӡһ¾ܽԷѣȴ˸ɿʵˮʶȡࡣ
ûٰѴֿһֻ־ͰסĺסȸĴ̰ѰˮԽҲԽꡣ޼ȴִȵϣ
˭˵ģⲻͦ
ǡûҪư
̣ҿĶֵƮСn˷ܵؼС
ʲôϣһɲǣһֱ˫Ŀյ꣬ٿ۾۾ű䣬տͫʽض
ŵ
ϣԭ磬Ȼ֮¡̫ңԶˡ˴̣ǺҲǴӴ
࣬˼˿ԽӴʣµķֻܴӿƼиˡ
ˣտʼΪһ˯ȥĹϣ˱Էɫʻû̫оǵԷ˫ۣĮעŸܵԷѹ
ȻΪ˷ˣĵ飬Ƕٱ˳
һϢĳĬĶڴ˶ԷĻӦ
ʲô
ʲôûŮһίָ㵹ڴϵڱ˺ʣͺˮ˭֪ѹ˺ü¡
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ǣٴɻ
Ƕ֪𣿲ƶʮ²Ĺаɣ׬øֵˡ
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ˣԼСɳƵɤžǧ΢һƾձһֻŻƵĽ𱭡ʢˮ
ϣŽë
ȻΪˣȴһ㶼ûҲ֪ûлָ
ʲô֣ϣʡ
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ϣĿͶ򱭿ڡһСͼΡϸСĹһΡʷд
ϣĿ΢ηϸ΢Ĺ󣬾һֻ۾һעıݡ
ͻȻе飬ҲǸɿʵϻæеڱڴͷϣҪˡ
˹̧ۣһ˿ɻ󣬡ȥĶ
ȥ衣ϣһССЦݣμᣬΪûʼڻ԰ҹ䡣ұܡҪ֪ⴳ˼ҵΪǷǳʧġ
Ů˫תŵƤ棬˹еľڻһ㡣
ôٻᡣϣȹһת뿪䡣һжԵżһȻ
޶ëҪģ̫ľͻԵñˡ
ﾲĵġղǸɿʵû
ϣǽߣСس¥ȥɷʱˡֻһ¥ְԱ
Ѹﵽķ䣬򿪴ɵ˳ȥ֪شܽУ뿪
С¥Уȥһؿſһ˵ȡƿţ˹վڴһŵ˼
ˣһȡ˹Ӧ뵽˶Էܵݣɫ̱ò԰סеûа¸ߴ̡Է᲻ỳģ
ĻҼ䣬תĿɨ˴̡㵹һֻóڱ
ɫһ䣬˭Ź𣿡
ûС˹˵ջ԰Ŀ⣬תӵؿǰźµˡڻ˯ʱһ֪֪ԼǱ̴ġ

ʲôʱָ䣿ϣһ߷¼ϵĲҶһ߿ٳȥ
ҲָܻҲҪһ㡣Сnش
Ҿ͵Сĵˡϣŵ˼˵Ҫ¶֪˭¡޶ëСˮܡϰҵĴʱѾ޶ˡ
ûˣõһֺøֵѾøֵĵˣܹСn˵
һ֣ϣ΢΢һ
ԷǲĹ񰡡Сn˵ôʱıԣΪˮȡ
ϣһЦɥʧ˼ֲɥʧӣȻİ˵ĶҲͻȻ뵽һ㣬ʱ仯սԡ
ۣ666Сn޵ˢĺøֵˢˣǲԻȥԶһߡ
𿪵Щ𣿡ϣʡ
ԡ
ǵȻҪˡû˵༸߲һͻⰡ
ϣصûע⵽ʧֳ֡еյǣɳĮĺ֢ʼˣһСʱäȫͬһҲܲ˿˿ˡ

ϣô˹ǰ֡ʱ䲻Աһֱͷʣûˡƴûг嵽̼ңѡլڼѼǰڵıֽһ飬˽һʱ¡
Ҫ̣СnС˵ϾŹһͼ棬е졣
ϣŴű̫˿ð̵ĴأǲѾָصˣ
Сnһ£Ǿˡڻ޷׷ȥˢøС
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Ҳһġһֱû뿪˹ȥֻһ߶һߡ
ϣЩ˵˵ȥǵȥ޶
ߵǰ˿Լ촩һ׵ȹӣûд׵ȹţǴŰȹšֻβλ΢΢¡·ʱȹڻȻڶҡҷβȻķ顣
ȡһϸС滻ԭʯԵľӸɾӨס
ڿúܵͣ¶Ƭѩ׵ļִķԹû壬ǶԵ˹Ӧеôɣ
ʰ׵ߵҪӺͼþߣȥ԰ˢڸˡ
ҪճţϣЩϯĻȥ
̫￾ˡС԰ǿվ£־ŷ硣դ̵ļҡڻ԰еС¥
ջأʼΧĻڴ˹żҲᵽ԰һߡ
һֱʱ֣ûеȵһӰ
żҲô׵ġܹ׵żǾĵơ
ϣպһʻеʧ䣬ƽطء

ϣǱѵġ
ǰŵѧԺӡβʮӣ˰Ů׼Ƿ֮ĺ蹵
蹵ǵһԿԽһߣĵλûߵļ壬ͨѡ
ϣڵԭˡʦͱȷ˸߹ǿѧ̽Ȼﲻĸ߶ȣʵǷܹȵġ
ϣλý㱻Ůʹһ¥ĳңﻨСʱϴ硣ȻСʱķûϣķݡŮʹûˡ
ƺ¶İŮʥָŮ͸ܲ˿˿ƵķϼӱʯëʻС
档ָŮǷǳҪӣĺӶμѡΡװֲܿҵ顣ƽѡ
Ŷ롣ܲ˿˿һֵҡͷ·𲮾ҪǸѡ
ָŮͼͷϼӱʯӼٷ棬ҲǵĿ˼ӷֵġ
ϣòܡʯͼٷֻԴԼûͨΡ
ԼһǳĲ˿ȹڹһҶߣӯֿɰͷҲһ£ֻһƯʯ߼С
ܲ˿˿ӿԽУĸ׵ĹôӾһܵõǵϲ
ٸǴ죬ǲ졣˽е
ѽôأܲ˿Ц˵Сôأһᱻˢġ
ϣûƨɺƣŤͷ⡣ȥСnҪԱˡһ͹żĻᶼûС
ô찡Сnöˡ
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ŵѧԺһƬԣΡĹűŸߴ¥εʯšɫʮִʹκ˵ݶ
ϣȥϴңһ¡ܰڲݵϣΧ
ƳԵĳϣһλӡͷһѤá۾տһξ˾Ϳһ߹⣬ɢԺӵĹ
ǹ֮˹
ϣ޹һ졣һƶѪڶ֡ͿѪ״̬ض졣
ٶȴһԼɫȹӵȥմ¶»䡣ְøЩҶߵӱ紵ţֵչ¶ŷ顣
ŪһУܵԣһԴϲɤ˹ˣȻ㡣
ŮϹİطҺú£Ȼһλ˿ȥ˵˵顣Ȳ˾ͻأֻĵơ
˹΢΢̧⵭ƺѾȴ顣
ϣһ㶼⡣ֱɽһĵk顣ҪһϲģͲùˡϲǺ
ҲμѧԺ˵𣿡ϣʡ
ǣ˹ƽ˵ֻǾζĿԽԶԶͶѧԺ¥һ޴ĹѧԺĵط
ûָ䣬ϣһġٴЦݣһҾҪȥμӿˡ˵ʵеţϾҵһεһεҺܵĿûͨᶪŮüë̲סƽǳ
ᡣ˹˵ܸоӿͨûʡ
𣿡ϣûϷϵؾˡԭûһ츳ѵǴԽʱϷʲôرĸı䣿
˹˵Ǿ̫ˡŮõЦݣԡµϷ·ɫǣۼˡ֪жѧԺ㡣
ƺܵŮĸȾ˹΢΢һ㴽ǡ
һøֵԺﴫСnѹֵ˷ܡ
̫ˣôܹˡ
лҪ˵С糡
ģ񣺡Ҫס
ϣ΢΢һΪʲô
Ц˵֮


4 
ϣȻ˹¡һȹǣһ΢ɲع۲ŶԷͳʱʲô
˹Űɫĳ¡ɫĳͬɫѥŦýģ΢΢һ㣬¶ǵߡѥûʲôرʽظţȫƾʵȡʤ
˵ܺõչšȺȻܿ϶ǵҲԸŹĻᡣһѰŹټһڴλһչ񼣡
ʢĵķӺ϶洵ŻͺˮϷǳ˹ıƺڵһЩҲ֮ǰ͡
ϣչһֱۣ˸Ц˵֪Ϊʲô˹˴һúܷɡƺһĿԶˡ
Ůֱ۰׵÷⣬ϸɰ֮ǰˮĻᣬָ΢΢˹ؿڶ
ˮǱĻмҹζΪԸСͳεϴ½ⴿζͬڰڵıأˮζΣջŹȻ˹΢΢һ
ϣӦָһβ˹ջһεһ㣬ܸоɫȵļ
ǸǸŮʵ˵
˹΢Ǹ߸ϵĹ˹ŮйʲôӴ˿ԺԵ˹ȴǴδйᡣ
ǶݵڼŵĻȻת˲ţȴȼŹĺۼ
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֣ϣ΢΢üۿġ
Զſ˿ʼɢѧԺĴĿʼ½½ȥϣվ׼뿪
˹ҪҪȥأŮЦȻطԼ
Ǹһ£û취ȥá˹վƺҲҪ뿪ط
ϣûʧһ˵Ѿˢ˾ˣþա
Цӯӯصͷ˹˵ôã͵ȼĿ˵ȷЩġ
Ҳûоõ͵ȼģ˹˵ֻ׼Ҫ뿪١
ҪȥĶϣɫ˲ò԰ס
ȥһطͻȻ뵽ȥҲʲôܶŮֳ︡ĽЩ⣬˹Ǹ˻ش
ϣĴѪ˾Ҳˣʣ𣿡
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˹˵顭ŮüȹϵĶдָưƣԻ˳ھε̹׵
Ȼй·ķ䣬ûкĵµĳ̶ȡ˵ʣҾͲ׽Ū뷨ȥϴҽˮ֪ʧȥ䣬ЩھΡҺûкǱˮ
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̫ˡϣ¶ֿЦݣϸ˵˹ڲʶĵһѡһ治Ը뿪ء
ѣ˹ظһ飬ƺİ
ԣһ־ͽŶԶֿľǺѡϣЦظͬ͡ʱиС˲ЦҵҰֹء
˹Цһ¡һõķ򣬡ȥμӿˡ
ð˹Ҳǰɡϣ˵ϣһμʱ;еõջ񣬶Ҳ˳سΪѧԺѧˣ˹˻֪ҵء
ҽϣϣ.ҪҵŶŮգ˳Ľëӯľͣϵĺ
˹ͷ͡ת뿪ʱǾէֵһϾƵģ뺣һޱߵĳĮС
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ˡϣ˹ʧĵطȫЦݡ
Ѱ

ϣõĵȴϯſԵĺơ
ŵѧԺÿһýֻܸһμӿˡԣλἫΪҪǣ˶ޱοˡ
˵ķܼ򵥡ֻҪվڴķ֪ûѧϰѧ츳ӵ츳ˣ
һԽ࣬츳ԽߡһâûУ֤û츳ˣÿܿȥһ
ϣں̽ѧֻںӽĻᡣԼܷ˹ָǰѺøֵˢ߷塣ԣһҪ⡣⣬ػؽӽĻᡣ
һһŮȥֿϲɥ
ϣеǣܲ˿˿õһ⡣ЩĵһǿԼҲһˮ׼ΪˣóСɯƤࡣõ߿ԸΪЧԣһλ⿼
˾ϲѹɤɳƵ˻˻ҵõ˰˵ĳɼ
ܲ˿˷ܵͨ죬ò˵ֻѧŲ˵ѹ˻˻˵ĸ׸ͣһá˻˻
˿ҲƴѹСϣͲˡҸЩʯͼٷġе㲻ȷܲõóصΡȻصһѡǶⰡ
ϣüо˻˻ľһ
ϣ.࿼Ľ֡
վпĿˢˢӿ񼸰ٸݡһ˵˲ûΡûΣ󲿷Ҳɫߵ󡣶ϣ߹˺̺˶ԣֻС档
õ룬ǰȥľ޴ʯӣصһâǡΧ˽ʽΣһξ糡ȴ˺ͿֵˣܹؾͿ﷢顣
ϣֻⷢһ⣬ôƤҲûˡصĹâ˿ԣһҪ죬ҪվȥһɲǾͰƤิƵЧųȥ
һ࿼Ľº͵ضͷʾҪȥͿˡ
ϣ򴽣첽ȥһաǱǹâҫ۵Ĺâ޴һӷֱֱա
ϣ´󾪣æûаƤ󱬡
Χ˾޴ľ̾
âǵڶλˡ꿼һͲˡξȻ
ѵ츳̺λ̵ҲԳ⡣
ʲô
ϣ.
ϣ.
ܺãĳɼѾ¼ڲˡڵĿ֮ǰӵơ
ϣȫعŬѹסƮƮĽŲƽȵ߻ϯ
Ѿ˵ˣ÷ǳӵĿ촽ţƺ뿪˵ʲô֪ʲôûװʥô㶨ģ
ϣλϣѾʼһˡ𾪵ȫ
⣬Լģϣе㾪ϲ롣


5 
ҹβļͷܶ
֦ʹƷɫĹâȻѾúơǹȴӰŰˮơһ䵹͸ĻڿС
һðĲȣŮǸ߾Ŷٷζ⡢𳡢˽ҬˡɿֱˮϺëȵȵȡ
ףλߵᡣӴˣϽ⣬Ϊ𾴵Ľײ㡣
ԭβߵŮһܳͷ¡ڶϣѹȥˡβɺܸˣⲻֶŮ
Ψһ˵ľǲˣǰףصıǿװ˵ӡ
ϣһԼĽͣ﹧άβ˵Ǹ߹ʱ̡ϣԣǸֱȤҹƳŴҹɫĥ˹أ
ϣŮͣһԡС̰ɫˮذƮŷɫͰɫʻꡣ
컨ϴýװεĵϣż֧ȼյİ͸ˮ΢⣬ӳϴһƬˮ뵡
ϴǼ鷳¡ΪҪڳƵĴͭ¯ˮһͰһͰൽϴ
ϴŮٰùˮҨɾˮúܵĶ˴󲿷˺ܳʱŻϴһ衣
⻹ϣϴĵһ衣ĸõ˼̺ʻˮ
ѧϴˡ߶һϴĵҲԡСnϣһĵ߶࣬ҲܴеõؿԼ
ˣ򹤻꣬򹤲ܳΪˡ
ڻʣְɣϣŶĴӣӳŮʵӰӡ
һӹ޶ķ֡һѾҿˡʮʱĵǾٻ졣Сn˵˵
ǲˣÿһ׷ϣ֧ڲֱ۷ŽˮһƬˮ
ٹǺڰ֮񾭹֮ɭӡһkͺˡҪ֪ȵkصڤܿľֻ˺͹
һ͵ҪٷأϣʡʵݳҪأÿһֶٻ졣
֡СnС˵
ϣʱȻǲǴ͹ȥҾͿԭرըˣ
ǻбСnæ˵ѧʱӦѧʷɡмԪʱڣԾһְҵԽˡ
Ȼ֪ϣͷ֪ݹԽɫ
ͳε磬Щ߽߱ǽǹղĵطЩطħаͬҲϡֲͿʯЩĺòϡ
ðհŷգЩƽȼ۵Ķḡ˵һԽ˵ġ
ǰľɱֽʱͿƸԽ˵Ĺ档˼̫ˡ
ҼԽˣϣŵ˼ʡ
ԲǵĴȥ֮ɭ Сn˵ֻ취ʡǮֿ١
Ը𣿡ϣԴ˱ʡ
õѧԺ¼ȡǣשİû֪һʲôʦȻΪ˱ҽԴһ㶫
һ𣿡ϣʾɡ
äУֻҪһֺøֵͶ·ʱһΡСnæ˵
ϣЩٷְٿ𣿡
ٷ֮һöʣµİٷ֮ʮŶǸúܴߡżҲáϾֵֻһûûûˡСn̾
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һҲ໻ģܻء
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ҪֵġΪnϵͳԴĹܡСnͦͦš
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ȻҪ͸๦ŶСn䣬һ΢ϸϣͷϡͷһˮһ͵ضһ¡
Ŀɢˮԭľӱϣԡ߳ǰ
Ůһͷĺɫ΢ʪµˮüëͫҲɺɫԵüӰ͸
ϣգգëŮҲգۡǰĽŮʹһɰںڷһˮΣұ
ۣСnвŻϣžӣԼ͡ȥһıŮ
ٺ٣Сnͨ죬ȸ
Ȳáϣæܾһαˮǻδ˵꣬΢ٴͷϡϴβͬůʣԡ¡
ԭ¶ǰɫġ
ϵԡϣ߳ϴҡȴߵŮ̽ʰԡ衣
ϣĵɳϣһһز鿴ֽӶŵĹ治٣Ƕûȥ֮ɭġ˺һڲı߽ǿһС档
֮ɭӶʦߡص㣬Сƹݡ
ϣ̰ѱֽۣȥȡȹӡ
ôˣҪȥĶСnſٴµϣʡ
䴫ȥ֮ɭҺڰ񡣡ϣش˸黨衣
ô죿Сnһ
ʱ䲻˰Сͬ־ϣĳ˵ǵù񲻻׼ֲ֮ͻԱˡ˻һû¶ssr˭֪Ѿչʲô׶ˡ
СnˣΪԼľͶе˼ƴԼΪһӮϵͳô˼ȡ
ϣҡȣһҪȥ԰ӣµشŮ߹ȵ˻԰Уó׼õ磬ñסԼ򿪺ȥʧҹɫ
ǳԼҵæڶ֮תΪҵǴ¡
лҪ˵ʱʦʼӪҵ


6 
־ƹݾϡԲľװΣϴдƹݡβҲԶϣûзѶҵˡ
ϣƿľ߽ȥڣм׳ű̶߳׳ǲԼͬذתζش
ϣæס죬뿪ζ̨ȥʼգǼ˵߶ظ
Ϻáϣڰ̨Բľ϶ԾƱ˵
ƱͷһĨƮƮز̨ûᡣ
ϣ΢Цָ壬һѿơ
Ӧ־ưɣڱֽϿѿƵĹ档
ʮͭ塣Ʊ̧ͷ˦Ĩ˵ش˵ƺϣҪ顣
ʣµĸ㡣ϣЦذѶʮöͭҵݹȥʱƱֿؼһ΢ЦתӱȡһĲòӵĨĨ¡šͰϵľһȻɫľˮ
㲻ƱļӼűŽѿСѵϳϣķŬŬ죬ҡ
ϣƳһ۵ݹѿƣӹźã˿ûкͷʵΪ档ۺõıֽóݸƱһʦ
Ʊһ£̧ſڵ׳˵ŶʦûˡɣƸڡĮ̃һӣת¥ȥ
ϣæЩŵȫʧˡ
¥һ칫ҡСΧѵȫΨһĴҲסˡ
һŶȵƾɵԣڰصȼǮɢŽңôۡ
ԵķһλˣһԴޱشϣ
ϣĿ֮ɨһ£ͣϡͳѧԺ¼ȡҡҡĶ顣
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ϣνЦЦҵӶ룬һ㡣
ʱŵֱһδϣ˳һиĿġҲԼĶ鷳
ϣЦһ£صңֻһѧϰ׶εʦҵһβμӶӡΪ˽иĻᣬһӶȡܻ㡣
Ҫ֮ɭߴߴݡѪԭϣϼûСҵԸʣµһӶ𻻡
ͷʧ˴룬ѧʦǵȷѲϿñȽءõҴӦ㡣ߴߴݻ⡣
һƴĴӹȥûɣ
⡣ϣЦ˵ͷ⿪ӣżʮöҺһöԲεĻ¡ǰӶΪʮΣգе˳ȥ˾ͻزˡ൱ǰİҷѣˡ
ϣûȥң˻¡һ˲䣬һ¡ǻϸֹõҵ˲ȥμӶӡӳῴÿ˵ټӵҲûá
ϣָһ»Ͽ֡
Ժڰͷ
һҪһıò˰ҡ㶨˻ƱϣûߣǶҪ
֪ģҲü֪ҸǲͬġкʵѡԸܷѡ
ϣ֪ԷһѡֳðյԽˣǱ
һҵĽܷѣҰˡûԥ˵
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ˣҪĳ󲻵ˡ˵ŵ㣬ƹݺӣҰ˸϶ʮһңһǽܷѡ
û⡣ϣЦӯӯذǮպá
߳ʱŮϵ΢Ц˲ʧΪһΡ
Ϊ˲ɻȻô鷳

ǾȵɫζܼȻ᲻ⲻۡվڷıԵԴ˵
ϣȥľƹݶ¥칫ҡ첻ͬЩƾɵİ칫ӶˣɾľӡսʱһһŮվڷ롣ǿΪߴˡ
糿㶨뿪˭αװܵʦǩԼ飬дαװ߿Ͳ־ļ֤˫ǩ֡ϣͿԷĵ뿪õĻʱһ̯ӡ
Ǽ۸˵㣬ÿöҡĺøֵʲôأ
ʶһ£˵ҽʦǵĶӳ˵ͿԵݸˡ
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ϣЦһ£ĪĸеСЩ˵ָſʦһϲ˹ٷҸͷ
ˡϣ
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ϣԥ˵ܲ˿߽ʦ
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زСnˣֵתײײܡﻹбĳڡ
ģѨرǸħôġСn˵
仰ϣͣ½Ų򶴿ڡħû׷תӼʳʦ
ҡҪҪɽأϣתͷһηڵĶѨظʲôֵĶǿɾˡ
ɵʱһɳƵشӶѨ
ˮ
ϣɲǼ亹ëСֵط˻ɲʲô¡
пܲˡ
̴ɽڶܵͷŤͷħķ
ˮִһЩͬʱɽ⴫ħõ
ϣƶŽţһᣬ֪ıߡ
СnһŹֵ˵Ǻǡڰ񡣡

ϣ˲˫ۣëɲ޷ŻĿ꣬ĸڰ֮񣿡
ҿСnȷһ꣬˲ޱ˷ܣǺڰ֮ûġֻһڰ֮񡣰˳˶ɽˡϰ
ʲôϣһʱûع
ˮɳƵɤٴһ;˵˸Ķˡ
ϣһͷߣЩȱˮ


7 
ϣЯȡһֻȼ
ɽʵ̫ˡ֮ǰ±Ūħֻƾ趴ϱ¶Ŀʯӫϵ·
ȼ󣬻ζ֮ƮССĻһںڰߵ
ʲôʹźڰɣ
ӦòᣬСn˵Ȼ˶ôˣȴ޷Ӧе˵ȥȻҲǶʡ˵һȺڳļһﵹڵء
ϣ̲סЦһ£ԲɽһȺѻΪʲôڰûжʹغأ
ܷʲôʷ϶ûصıʰɣСn²⣬ʷֻ˵˶ʹҵ˵ĺڰ֮񣬴֮ɭѵkͻڤûд̡ã㲻ʹɣ
룬ͲơΪʲôǶʹأ
ʹһֱִܵڰ֮.˹.˹.׸ǵ.Ī׶˹ΪúõʹѡڰϷǶ䡣
㾹Ȼܱڰ֣ϣһȣΪ˼򵥶ֱӳƵkΪ
ϵͳСnٺЦ
ڰôôϣͻȻͣ½ŲصضǰŲԵźҲڻ
ǡڰ֮
ϣ΢ͻкڡ͵ָûв֪Ϊʲôɽ֮ǰ˾úˡе㲻̫߹ȥˡλ˽Ǹֶη
ûΪʧĹͬλǳ׵׵Բпֶͳαسĺڰ֮
ϣǵʷдģǵڤĴߡԨı壬ͱ
ٱŶĺⳤѪ̡ԭԴλ񿪱ٳڤkתƵı𽥳Ϊkµء
࣬ӦûܲҰɣ
ˮɽٴ˥Ƶ
Χľסɫͼ䣬ʣˡٲжȼ꣬ȫˡǾʮֱˡ
ϣСؾ򳯺ڰ񻺲ȥŽŲİɫĹ±
ڰڱĵϣһͷҵ΢Ķ̷ס۾
ϣȥҪøʱȻ䣬һֲ״߸ϵĸоɢ޴Ĵһ˲סĲӡ
ϣһк̱ڵϣеҲ֪˦ȥСnŵһҲҿˡǰһһϵͳԱܵزڡ
ֱ񣬳ǵõkĴ衣
ϪԺͻȻֳʷҳĻ
⣬Ȼˡһŵһ߽˽ϵ硣źڰĸǣɽֱѡ
ҵˣָⴥ˱Բ塣ܶ÷飬ʸСæǰ֣̽ȴ˱Ƥġ
أһ˵ͳɳƵɤͷϣоȱ䡢ȺڰΣյĶס°͡˲ɫɷ׾֣Ǻڰ֮
ָһƳϵָ˴꣬ƺ֪ɫǲȾġ
Ǳˣ
ǣǱصĿάɿˡŮԲڵɤȵغ˵˵
ϣߴɳƵЦʱˡһֻĲĴӡ
ʲôϣȻ˶ԷǺڰһơžһԷӦſſܺƵ
ڰʹ
۾ϣֻƾжϣƺײ˿ڡʱе飬 ˭˭ղôأ
ǿɽڣϢΪʹջЩȣҿҪˣһСҲҪõʱڵֻ硣
ԭϣԼúڰаһ̹Ϻ˵ץݹȥλ֪硣㻹䣬ҿѡ

ģҴ˺üϣŷӸ¸ϴ½෴ǶëƤ磬˺üϵ°͵ȹ
ϵؾܾ·̫ʺҡ
һл񣬡ϣ¶֦ͺˣԴѡ˻ͻȻԼ޷ֱ˹¶ˣһĽߣǾ̫ˡ
ǶͣӲͷƤ˻񡣽ָäƵȥϵԭֻװװӣ̫һˡ²㶼ˡ
ΡΡػŻ񣬲һ˲䣬ͷһֻᰴסһͳĹƮ
kֱӵkСnؽз롣

Ҳڰ֪k˭
ССĻ磬ںڰ֧һССɫ硣ϣգգë濴ȥһ޴زȥ
ݵĳΣյվھ޴͵ϿȶˣʹηҲĤݾĶǵͻȻеײֱĺ塣
ϣתǧأ֮ʵżӡ˳ϸĻܿյָߡѽһæӵѨ˺ڰ
죬ٴλһĻ½۾߹Լֿɫĳ̶ȣʧϨ
ৡһ
Ĺâ£ϣ˿ףһ˫ڵ䵭ֲͷض
һ̣ԼеСŮÿһȼյĻ⣬ܰһΡ
ֶ𣿡Ҳ̲סˣץסȥ
ϣۣҧҧԼѵ㡣ȥ޶ֻСëĸԸΪkūʹ֮ĸԸΪڰˣΪǶտ
طɽվ̫Сˣ޷ס¶ɫķۣ沼˺ɫա
߰ɡ˵
ϣ̧ۣʲô
㲻ɣЩЦʡ
Ȼ롣ϣ죬һ뷨
Ҳ롣Цһһϣֱۣʾ
ϣհֱ۴Լϣһƺŵ˿ڣվסİȫб
ϣæһֻȥƻؿڣһƬʪ֣ȫѪ֪ɫϵʲô
һ˵ģתĵȻҲûܡҼ壬ࡣҲѾˡ
ûСϣ˵Ϊ˱ΪࡣȻά壬ȴһ޷ͷšȻôһôʱ䣿һ޷Σ
޷Σʲôأ
лҪ˵С糡
ϣһֻСëҪʼ޶Ů˵
С̧ʣ޶֮ǰȻشҸ⡣
ϣʲô
С򣺡ҵëСë
˵˻˵Ů޳ܵػش𣬡Ȼ~
Сصͷ޶ɡ


8 
ϣմѪĨϡԼļһɽȥ
ƺ˵òᣬÿһķ˼ϢԽԽءƺڷǰ¶ƣǿŬϣĽŲ
ϣҲۣԷѹòᡣټϵ·ƽߵʮࡣ
㲻һİɣϢʡ
ȻǣϣֱǰһоҪȥˣҸͬɢˡǡɱһͷħµɽ㡣ϣһ˵ţһ۾ǿŵ·⣬ͷӦûſڶšҿû취Ը
صġΪ˵һᡰ˻һסؿڣƺֳŵ˿ڡ
ϣƳһۣĲصıֻɡ
˵ڽʣʮԶԶԶȥɽſſһֻ˯ŵħ޴СɽһװĺɽϵСʯ䡣ˣΧεżʮֻι״Ĺ
Щ֫޳Ĺĵģ֩롣ûͫʣۿֻаɫˮݡǴõ鲼·ٵȥָڵ淢̶
ʲôϣͫ־Сˡ
֮ɭԽԽˣ̧ɨһۣܵȾ˻ʬ
ʬ
̽ˣ󶼻䡣ǻһ˿ЦĴۡΪֱսᣬԶ
£
ϣ㵵ɫסͻȻԭ翴šĳĴʦ·˾Ӻʦȥʬ䲻ÿưɣ
գգëʧԱˣҪɹƬó
ûа취𣿡
취һͨˣԶҪӴѧоǣϻһ˿Ź֣ΪϿɵİ¡
Ͽɵİ£ϣ˼ظһ顣
ƳһۣṴ𴽽ǣ㲻ԼԼ޸ɣ
𣿡ϣʡ
ЦȢҲ֪᲻ڰ񲻻ᡣ
ϣ̫˵˵ֲǺڰô֪k뷨أУڰʴΰ󡣴Ҷ˵kԲпֶͳαءǵkͽĶΪ˵ˡ
kƶϿɷkŮԵĵλڱأŮ˿Ըһ¡ЩkĶԡԣҶԵkŲʲôа񣬵kϲ
һúѧϰڰΪkҳϵͽΪҲν
ΪҲνظһ飬
ղŻΪŵɫסᵽڰŮлȻ˴Ĺâҹڰĵһƹ⡣
ôأ΢΢򴽣سЦû˭˵kͽǶô˵ġ
Ŷ𣿡ϣеʧƨĴˡ
ϲúøֵһ֡СnС
ף
ϣЩգգۡʱûеõøУ˵ҲûúøС෴ֻ˼ǳİ͵õһ֡
ڰʷ˵ȱŸͱΪҶϲйϵɣ
ȱηҲȱʹҳϣȱͽĿЩ޹ءҪİ
һֻ̫ˣڰ޶
ϣں˼ʱڶĹ﷢ǣ˷ܵļС˯ħ̹ϵĵ̣ʼȫײڣſʯɽھһ׾ͱ
ϣֵصˣò˼룬Ǿͻᱻû
ͻȻսֱۣ§ǰȵ̧Խ򦣬ͣ˫Įϡ
һֲֿ״ɢһֱܵѹһıӻһ㶼ܲ
ӴħſڵϣԴǰƺֱֻƤѥЩι״Ļʬͬȥڵ棬˿̧𡣲ˣԲаȫطУ֮ɭڲ
ͷųkϡﶼڵkǰе־壬ͷ­
ʮͻȻʧ
ϣоסֱͻȻɿ԰ɫ¡æסħˮһȿֺɢ
ǿ뿪Ϣ˵ͷϺľһܸоԭһЩϵ˿ѿѪ
áϣԥȥ
ˣˡü򶴿ڣݴĲ¶Ŀʯ˸һ԰׵ӫ⣬ϷΣյĹһȥǱҵˡ
˭ҵˣ
ϣûüʣͱѹɽϡ
Щذסٴ˿ڣ۵Ϣˡ
˵ӣڵֹͫƻɤº͵ذ˵Ҳ𷴿ܿ͹ȥˡ
Ҫʲϣ͵ذѻȥΪ˹Ҫ㿪Էȴڰļ״ִͣøոպá
𶯡ٴ˵
İϢϣϣգۡʵ̫ˣֻҪգ۾ͻԷĽë
ʱдٵĽŲƺǳġϣ弡ر΢΢ƳɫµļӰİɫԹĴʹ
ԭ΢΢ΣԭڱӪ׷ɱ
ǽôܹأ
˫ƵĲȥʮָͷѹԼּᶨȥ
΢΢һˡûһҲмڽֵͼȤζĻΨһıǵľշʹʱԷЬ⡣
ǡͼȤζƺҲûô⡭
¹£һŮеˡ
Ĵʹ͵ɲסŲԼͬס۾ƽʱ̵ǣҪû¹۲˶ǻСҪ־顣
ߵ顣
ڽ𣿡
ŶϣеĻɫϡ
ǲô֪ǲǺڰ񣿡
ɡʹɫͨ죬ǿ͸ָ쿴ɽڡֻһۣ͸оҪˡ
Ӧòλæս۾˭Ǻڰأ
ڰ񣺡


9 
ʮ֣ȥСnмԭתȦȦ
ϣԿ챻ըˡ
û뵽ڰֻС򣬳ô󷽡СnżС
Ϊʲôͬǣֻһأϣɻʡ
ܺڰȽɡСn²⣬һͰˡĻ᲻÷֣˵˵úܡ
˾ʹʶ㣬ϣ˵ȥ飬ʵѸ㡣
ҪͰʮ־ͿԸrҾʵɴˡСn͹
ʮȫҲʮķ֡
㻹Ǽnɡ
ɽڵĹʹѾˣһؼëƿҵǡ촽оеʹӦǶԷǾֿƲԼŰ촽˱ˡ
ƿһҲֲסڵϡ˳Ľëؿڡϵ԰ִ֪˿ۻǱ̼ġ
㻹ðɣϣе㵣ĵؿɲϣ÷ִͻȻˡѾˡ
֪Ѿˡ̧ͫʽɤЩջ𣬡㾹Ȼ¡
ʲôϣʡ
͵ر죬̻ضղΪʲô£תһ˿ӾͿˡ
̫ˡŮȻҶԴ˺޾飬Ҳ֪Ӳͣᱻ˵ʵҵʱеԥܸо԰ﵽҾˡ
ЩȣΪʲôңʶȫĿġҳϵҲΪ׷ôŮΪʲôֻһˣʱȥˡ
Ϊңϣؽͣ˻ʬħɽˡ֪˺صˣղܻ˸󡣵ûжҡһ΢Сʲôأ
䵭˵ҲΪ˾㣬ôΪԼ
֪ϣνЦһ£ҲӾҡ
΢΢򴽣еɢȥ˴롣ɽվΪ̫ѪʹϾ
еأȴȥϣĸ첲Լϣǿ֧Ű
Ůεѹϣȥʮֳ¹ϡӣʮֲ԰ףĵñҧƵĴ̺졣
Ƴһۣң㻹ǹ𣿡
ϣרעؿŵ·ֻ㡣
û˵еɢȥ
ۣһֺøֵ
˵ǵ÷ִ
õøֵϣͻȻûѾˣҧɽʮס
ҲˡоԼҪѹˡ
ҵǱߵ¡˵ÿһڵϡǸĹ⡭ͺͺݡ
˲Ƶ£ϣϡϧûд󣬲Ȼǿȥĳҽˡ
ûãѹϵ˽ʧѪ࣬ټϱغ䣬ʱϾ伫ˡܵ߼˺ûбİ취
ҿղЩˣ󶼳ʹ𣿡
ʹ˹µʹ
ֲðϣ죬ֲҵӡ˵ʮϿû뵽Ͽ̶ֳȡЩʹʲôأ
֪˵Ƴһڵϵʹë԰ЩëռЩǸߵȼĲϡǳѵá
ף
ϣǰûӴѧ֪ëļֵʹëѪҺĲϡһѪҺһʦͻΪʹΡ
ߵɽǰëһöְִף¹ɢŶĿĹ̲ס룬һֻӵĻһǸӡ
ղ̫ˡСn̲ס˵ʹʲôȻץڰˡ
ϣһСԹϣҲһ䰡ͨ˿ʹе𣿡
ϣë¡ۿȥ˯ˡһ㷴ӦûСӦ˼߻˹ȥ
ҸоٲתƵůĵطܾͻᵱˡ
ϣ˼һ£ֶһ͵ߣȥصĿάɿ
찬ŵѧԺѧøϻȥ˳㿴û֮ǰðѺڰ񰲶ٺãһպ·
ȱص׵ֲֻҪһϣͻסԷ
ûиȥ˿ڰ¼Ӳǡôһƹɡ

ۣů͸̵Ĵţ밵żӰƮеơ
ЩɻشΧķһõߣֻһˡ
һŨŨľϬζŨҵζſţϵӲˡ
㵵洩¾Ҳһˡϰ¶ţխɢִɫԭ˿ڱϸĵزϱûסĵط¶ŴƬ԰׵Ƥͽʵļ⡣
ƿ˿ӻڡ
Щطǳɫĸ塣ָմȡһšԭľϬݵζ
ƳͷϷһֽѹɫëɫһȦβֽϣдżоĻ֡
԰סҸµ벻ҪΪ˸еĸұסõʹëűߵİʳˮԿסëҼöһ롣ϵҩֹѪ࣬˿ڻ񻯣ȫͿˡףһжá
û
תһ˿ӡû˼¡
̶һУʧȥ˳ǣ˸׵סԷ֪֣Ҳ֡һ΢磬Ŀĵӹ
ֽŻȥ˿տյĲҩޡһĨǳɫ壬Ůϸָӡ
ޱط˵ͨҩûá
˴վڵذϡߵű߿˿ڰϵʳһֽţһĺ衣Ҷϴ˷һССĵ˷ںȡ
һУ̧֣תʮָϴŵһöʯָָһϸ΢ĹâɢڿСָֻٻ¡
Ƭ֮󣬼ɫĹ¡ʹеӵеӵаĿ⣬ȼη塣
ˣˡˡʹǲĽ£ǿ͹˹Ϊ޴ĹײǸϹȥûӰҲû˹ġǷֳˣһȥѰһȥ׷ɱ˹ǶûϢ
ؿǣҪԼӰа취ġȥûзաˣȥkͽѰҡ˭ˣǶǻΪĵk
ʹǵͷ£ȡȥڤĴ󣬡ˣȻڤˡ
ᡰšһȴûվڴϡȥʹǶҶ
ǾηĿУߵűߣڰϵͭԿպã鵭Įվ˴ϡ

βϣվ̨ĿαװߣԺͻȻСnȵ
øֵͻȻ֡ôƾǷ֣
£
ϣһ¡


10 
Ӧòƾġ
˷ܹϣ侲ҵΪֹֻӴ񲻿ܣǺڰ󿴵ΪĹ⣬ӿһ˿øС
ŶСnͷøֵõ;ӦòֻǵãӿĺøҲӷ֡
ƺϤ򣿡
ϵͳСnΪܵ˵
ϣе̯һëīˮд¡һöʮ֡͵άɿͲ֡ʣʮķ֣Լ
Сn̽ͷһۣǸϽŬˢøֵɡ
Ҷϣ̾ϱӣҲѽǱߺûϢأ
һֱ˹kȲμ֮սҲ׳ҪkҪºҪѵkŪϰЩҪһߡ
ʮķҲܶġϣü˵ҪãȻǺķͣʵڻӦȥŪ㴫󡭡ͻȻ죬ϣͣ»ͷ⴫Ů͵¥ȥŵѧԺ
֪ˡ±ߵױǰŰɫϸɴȹĽŮƯþ񱻲ǹƶ䣬
̫ˡϣ޵ؿԼִ̧ñһñͷϡñϴһɴոպס۾Եú촽ˡ
̫ˣСn̾ʱһ˲һٷ֡

βֻһý֮ĸ顣ǴҲ,һ·˫۾ڿŲͬķ
ѧУȥȡγ̱ڵȴʱϣע⵽ȺλرƯŮ
λŮͷ߸ͷż۸񲻷ƵıʯӡõɫգźûǳЦȹҲʮֻ߹󣬿Ļ׺֯Ļ䡣˵Ŀⶼϡ
عõ塣ܲ˿ȵŰ˵һء
ϣ΢΢һѧ죬һλĳɼȻûõӡ̡ʱıȽԶûпǸ˵ò
ҫµĻеΡƶġȻҡֻҪԸ⣬ͿʱջȨټڸηʦҲֻԴ򼷡
ϣûٹעأͷоĿγ̱
ŵʵе߿ơֻҪѡÿγܽҾͿˡһֱܣҲֻѧһšԥѡѧϰħ˵ܽ͵⡣
ǴҶθȤУϱߵ¥㣬ֽûˣڶûСеˡ
ʱһ˽밵ĽΪ˵ĵ·
ع
ϣһѧϰħΪ˴͡ôԷʵԸõﲻѧѧħΪʲôأҲԡssrӵд͹ˡ
Ӧˡ
Һܿми뾶׵ԲȦΧһָߵĺɫʯ顣ȥרΪʾõġΧԲһȦϣŵλá
߽ɫƽɨһۣȻڸĸλõط¡
ǵȴʱûã̿εĽھͽˡ
Ǹˣźĺɫװз緢޼ʮʱ֣±űʯƺѧŵĳľ̺һţͿʼˡ
ϣһۿγ̱дšħڣ.أĽʦ
΢΢е⡣ŵѧԺֻĽʦû뵽һλͰħѧϰԭ
ħܶ࣬;Ҳܹ㷺ٻءͣõõȻһǶŹ񵻸档ַʽļʲòϲٻʽЧá
ָųεḷ̌һЩϡʽҪõġտ͡ӡ°ʯ񵻸ҪõĶ
ϣ΢΢𴽽ǣտͣǲǿܺ͡óԡ
޻͡ʯĹصڰ񵻸Ķ
Ȼǻ֮ļ֮֮ȵȡͬϲòͬҲͬһһҪסҪҴϡȻ㵻Ļδ֪а顣
ϣýζڣҪʲôأ
ڣҪ׼Ƭˮ
ϣ
˱֮˷ɧȥһ¡
ôǾڰ֮񵻸һ¡
ףϣȵüëҲһ
Ǳصľȣϣٻɹˣ¶ˣǺڷıŮ
ڰֲа񣬡һؽǵɻ󣬡Ȼkϴ½˵ǲܱ֡ǶѧҲ漰ħ
Ϊʲôأϣʡ
̫ˣʾġڲ̫Ȼ˵
ϣ򴽣ƽڵõ˽͢ڲϢ֪ʧˡⲻҪģҪǣһɹ¶ˡ
ǰŸһظߺڰǱˡžͶһͷ𷢳ϴ½ѧԺ
ʱһĻţǴȴо亹ֱð
취취
þΧԼһȦŰĹصӡ°ʯֱԲȦĸϡ
Ҫڰ˵ġϣװһµӡ
ġһæһ˵ֻǽѧʾ벻ǡҲָɹ
Ļģϣҿ飬˵ڰرбұǺҹһkѵkˡ͵ֵסΪڿʼרںڰĵˡ
󣬴һɲãڻС·
ڹһЦƣ˵ɹɡæģлӦˡɣû¿ΣǶԣҪ˷Щϡ
վףɡ˵ȹ߹ȥ
ߵԲм䣬˫ֽտʼʡ
رͣϣе֪ΪʲôֶԷѵʳĸо
ӹȥ·
ڵͷлӦǲŲתϣһ¡Ƕûɹûٻ
΢Цſϣõģʽѳɹ
ϣһолأ֪Ϊʲôҵĳ
ڿ˭ssrĽʦ⣬ssrӡ˵ҲһζӱܡSsrֻҪһͻỳҲŪһˡ
һһҳɹٻô죿
Ҫ¾סˡ˵ٻҲֻһʶǲסû¡
ϣҪľǺסĽڡ
Ѳñ´ͷϣñѹɴ綵ͷ£ڲϴ˸ᡣɴĴտõס١ڵľһˡҪϳ䡣
ڡأ
αװԺϣ߽ȦȦСԭźŪŪˡǸһһδ֪ķͻȻѳص޴һ
˲û谵侲ף˰ɫı˪һδ֪η
ϣ˼۾ûȼİ˻硣ͬʱƾճһֻƯ۾һգգض
طϥϵ֣͵ؽճȭĽëһޱ𾪵⡣
ɫɷף˵ͼ
ûͨҲ˵档۾۾ǴĽٰ
ϣ
Ҫ£ϲġϳ͸kա
лҪ˵ڰ񣺡˵ġ


11 
ٻңڽϿյ۾ŵµʡ
Ǻڰ۾Įִһ̬
ǻƽϣһᶢƸͣ޲Լû۾
죬˵ԸԱߵĺƴѣû뵽Ⱳܼ١ڲǾʱ
Ǹ˵شʱǰҹ׶call˯еĺڰˡ
ʲô˵֪ٻߵ³ʲôˡֻ·ס֪üһţһİѾµзִңŪӵ͵ס
ʼһϣ˫־סȹӣָס
һ۾ôؾֹڽС
ûܲգٴѣ˵ԸȻǶ˵ԸkͻϨȻʽͽˡ
Ķе̫ˣͲҶͷ߻ȥ¶
˳æͷ
ϣʱŵҪ²Сı¶ԼʲôԸΨһԸϣڰ
ɤӣΰĻҰٻ㡣ѵԸϵ㰲֡˵ˣɡ

ǱһȺʲôٻˣֻϤΪǸСʲôˣͳ
УŲǹǸСûˣҲȥûȻһ㶼ϣֻǺԷٻڰʲô
ҲǱغ䣬ټҹ˻Щѡɨ˵¼һۣûȥ׷ǸʲôԸʹӰֱʧˡkǰҲ١˶ɹȴΪ̫˵Ըûʱȴ
žһ죬ϣŵ׵İϨˡ
۾ӽʧһɲǣůĿ˲ӿͨһ¡Ͻŵı˪ٶȻˮҲС
˽׵ɫҲָʻƵĺͨ
̫ˣڶ߶ϵĺ޻ƿǸʲôӣЧôǿ𣿾Ȼٻ񡣻ʯƷ׿Խȥ˭ĹȡţǺڰذɡ
ԺʧĆ£عѾѸٻָɫתϣӿƵЦݣղŰŻˡû뵽İٻ˳ξˡ
Ҳû뵽Ӧòҵԭ򡣡ϣͷɴñժһͷĵ˵ǰεٻʵѾѵkˡ
ţҲпܡָָţʾϣһߡ¥Ѿ¿ε
ҿ㿼˵ĳɼЦӯӯ˵ڿѧһѡһĿγ̡
쿴ֽвݹѧչͼһ͵ĹŴħżҾÿܿѡʵҸӦѡεġϣƽ˵
չ𣿡Ц˵Ҷżʵ̫ȤϾܶżûƽ⣬ɲοļֵ󡣲ֱӿ顭Ǹһ£ҿˡ
ˣ
ϣҵĿȥʱһǲǹ˹صˣ
ÿ䵭ڸǵ˺ᣬֽԼʵΪ׼һѱֱӵĹ
˹ˡغܿĵܹȥ
ϣϵŹˣԭվŲ΢ɲع۲غ˹Ļ
˹ƺûиػĴ㣬ƽصͷĿԽɨϣһۡһۺ⣬ʶĴϣڹл⻯
иѧչǳЦ˵ҶĹżܸȤһѧܸһչҶħһи̵⡣
ϣ
ѧĻˡ
Ǹûпա˹䵭ؾܾ
ϧһ˿Σƽ˵ûϵлһȥ
˹ͷתԺڵ¥ȥ
Լλ˸һȥչתͷźؿϣȻûʱ䣬ǡ
ǸҲûʱ䡣ϣЦӯӯ˵
أ
Ȼؼˣ¡ϣȹӸظת첽ѧԺȥ
ȻûʱˡΪʣһˡʮķѹ׵ǮԲܻ
ϣûβؼҡǹյһֽ˳ȥɭ·ҵ֡ҪȥƷõĲϣٻá⣬ȷһչӪҵʱ䣬Ҫ޶Сë

ϣһֱں԰˸ߵդԱ߾̵ĺ԰˹סС¥ԤУ˹ֻҽھܾعԺ£Ҳᵢ̫á
Ȼڳûãդʹ߲
˹ˡϣվդػ
˹դ濴ȥŮһͷٲĽ𷢣Ŷɫ˿ȹֻѩ׵ֱطդϣ˫峺졣ּͻȻĳС¹Ƥ
΢΢ԥһ¾˹ȥ
ҵСǱˣҼһ°ɡҵ˺þòŹһˡŮЦӯӯָָ˹űߵӡ
һƴĶƽСŮǺϲߣ档еϼֵǵıʯֵʱʱȡ
˹ʰݹȥ
ʮָлϣȥڽӹһ˲䣬ָ˹ָôᣬô죬ѵˮǻ䣬ֿ
˹ëһջ֡ϣҪذȥʱĽűߡСԹһ䣬޹ˣ˹
˹̧ۣûʲôؿ
ϣȥʰڽűߵĽ򣬡˹ˣһȥħչɡ
˹ûлӦĿ⵭ɨŮ¶ѩײԼڵ˿ȹ¶״ĺǡ
𣿡գŽëƤĽëȶĳ
˹û˵ֻע
һȥɣǲѾ͸һ𡣡ϣŽóСľ
úվţŤŤȥ˹ɤһΡ
վֱ͸ȥ𣿡
ţ˹ͷֲһ䣬վʱҪͦΣ·ҲŤŤ
УŽ򡣡ϣЦӯӯصݹȥȥ޵ƻ
ܲ׽վֱʲôϵ˹ǽ˹
ϣդĺȥվֱûϵǽϵͰԷò״ӦˣҪվߡ
˹΢΢ۣϣդԾ¡
ŮĳЦݷ·һá˹һ˲ʧ񣬱ܵſֱۣסɢܰζ塣
֡Сnм


12 
룬ݻаСʱչݡ
ܲۿһ١ι۵½ɢȥ˲æҸϣ±ס
ϣƵزιչݡ
ˮƵҫĹԡƷ˵ġЩԹżѧƷ
ʼǡռߡ⼣߰ߵķȣʷϢ档
ĵһۿ˹ƽظһԡ԰һӵˮСʯӣһȦʧ
ʧʯҲԶںˮСȴﵽ䣬ʱҲʵˡҪͣظԼᡣ
ѧħʱֽϿĲݹ档ϣЦͣڹŴħżչԭô󰡡Щ̾˵
ϣָϵ֣۾̲ס󡣾ȻŴ󡣻ô
һ£ת˹ѯʣӹŴͿʼ𣬲֪ʲôͬ
˹ͷǰ㣬ѶȻڡȲϺռʧʺܸߡԴԶ;ѡ߻𳵡Ͼʮְ󡣡
ռ˲ϣ˹˿Խ𣿡
Ů±ָܾʶؾȹϵ塣
˹΢£ͷӦ
ϣ̹ЦݣýӸ㶨ϡ
һ̵ļҡ
ϣЩȵؿҪᵽȥҪ뿪𣿡
ʱ뿪٣˹ɤºͣԶҵǰŵһЩƲίһӡ
ԭϣͷȻʧȥھȻеϧ뿪ߣǸСַ֡
ռòȥأ
·ʮš
ϣĬ֪֣ĸŻ԰ǵķӿɲˡ
ڴսǰԤ֪һ˲ѡ·˲ƸkԼʲôأ
˼ʱջһ磬ѹδӳ͸ź¡¡Ȼʪˮʱϣݾˮһ
ϣ̧ͷһǽϵıĵ㣬Ǳչݵʱ䡣Ҫѯ˹Ҫôȥһ绮һϨչ˲ڰ·ֱҹ
Ľֵһ̱쳣ˮĴ򴰻ѹ·вݹԱ̸ͨͨʧˡ
ڵУϣʶ˹߿ȥ˹һֿϣֽע뵽ССʱɢҫ۵Ĺԡ
ϣȵգգۣܣССˡ
ܹâɢһֺڰչλáΧĲչ񡢹δˮơչȫŨŨĺڰ˽ȥ߼ʡ
˹ˡỽ
ģһ㰲ȫȥ˹עΧ
ϣһģˡ
һӰӴԱŨĺڰﳤ˳Ϊһݸ߲԰׵ӡ󱳳Ծ޴ĺɫ򣬻գƵĿǡ
Ƕʹϣͫһ˫ֽס˹ұۡôôڰһʱ׷ɱһʱֱ׷ɱ
˺¶ˣåӦηɣ֪˹ס󲿷ʵʣ١
˹ֶkһʹ𣬡ǲǣ㶼޷뿪
˹Цһ£Ҹ뷨෴
ʹɫϢӡ
ϣԷɢɱǵͷƤ飬Сnͣ͸о˹§ס˲ӴƵ˽䡣
䡱һԭվλñīɫĹâУ˱ըʯ̼仯Ϊ촷ۣĳ֮бˡ
˹΢һ˷Ľ򡣽Ľ
ϣܵرܿȴЩѵĹâһУΪߴ½ߴʱǵûиоʹúů⡣
ǶʹûôˣĽ߷һֻ򣬴͸壬ðɲڵӰ˲䰵ع鵽Ӱ֪Ǳȥʲôط
ϣϲɫǷûɷˣǿشʹ
ץס˹֣ʱԼ˲ƣסȻֹ¶һ˿㵡
ۿԼ֣մȾŨĺɫ˹ѪղһǺķ޴
ꡣ˹ɿسס֣øɾָֻѹסŮĴֻһ£Ĵо̵ȥ
һ֡
ϣ
øˡ˹ĿƵչϿգ֮ǰҪء
󣬿иֳɫӰᣬȶž޴ĺɫϹҲҪƹı顣
һȺѲļһﰡ˹ԼΪƽ˵תͷϣѯʣ㸸ĸҹ𣿡

ǿܻ뿪졣˹úƽ˵·ѾƮŵȺһ
ܱǸǽ̸Ϊ׵ĶʹЩջ𣬡Ϊе㲻ǵ¡
ǷϻմˣԱߵĶʹݣھŤͷ᲻졣
ǵõ𣿡ϳβ˵ֻ߱䡣ǵk
ڰпܻϣһæȥҡ˹ֱۣҸĸߡֻһ塣
˹ͷһ͵ġ
ڲ߲̫𣿡մֱȶų򣬾޴ŵש
ϣǰٶһΣԼ˹վżС
̫ЦˣǸϹŶܡ⻹𣿡
Ȼ˭ҲһʯɢħʹǷЦżΧȥ
סҡ˹˵
ϣ΢΢һ
ǸΪԶʹõĵطС˹˵
ŶûϵҺ⡣ϣ¶Цݣԥ§סͷؿڡ
ŮĻζ˲˹һġ
һ֡ԺдСnϲϣ𴽽ǣ˫ֽ˽
һ֡
ˣˡ˹˵
ʮ⡣
һ֡
оţ̡
˹˲еˡ˶ϵ˿ڼѪ
ѪεһɲǣһϵĴ̶𡣽Ŵâ˲佫谵չӳޱȡ
ʹǺ޷ӦĿؿʧˡ
ʮ󡭡
Ҿǹ񡣡 һʹ̵˵
Ҿǡ
Ϊʲô
ô§أ˵kûĸҧ
⵹ǣʹǷ׷ͬһҲñҲûĸҧ
û˸ұûӸҧ˵
꣬ˡ
΢ġžһһֻ۾
ֵĶʹ̰缦С


13 
ڵ۾Įؿ·ʹǷ׷׵ϥ¹ηԴ
ǿˣǸƹˣùżˡ
ƺ֪һУ𴽽ǣԶùżˣȻ޷סǷˣҲ󲻵
һ˿ηԭ˲һֻΪ˱ƶԷ¶ݡ
ȻĽҪʧˡ̻ܿͻᷢ쳣
ǡ
Ҫʧ΢ƺʲôάɿ׷ӡû𣿡
΢΢һҡҡͷ
ú˵

âʧϣ˹
ָһ·ҲݵʮһԳӦû⡣
˹һָסŮĶͷˡ
ŶϣԸɿ֣ÿѽ
һƬ֣ɫҰҰšԶܿɫɽ
ǻϴ½𣿡
ɽȡ˹˵
ϣȵգգۣɽϴ½Ѿڱ߽ˡǰ߾ǿ˹ɽԽȥǺĹȡʹôˣлĬҪȥĵط˹Ϊʲô뵽ôƫԶĵطأ
˹ʵػܣѡһǰȥϣ̸ȥƺϤ
ϴεԶо˹˵
ϣˣû뵽˹ȻƸĵط
Ϊʲô뵽أ
ΪԶ˹Цһ£ʹӦò׷ôԶĵط
ԭ˹ʧȥ˼䣬ɽȴΨһסĵ
סһ죬˹߱˵µĴͻز١
ϣ΢һ£в𣿡
вƸ˹Ц˵
Ƹϣ򴽣ô˵Ҫıˣе㾪ϲ
˹ǰȥ̫ѾʼƮŻƻϢΪĲݵڣҲ½ŵ·
˹һһ߽ƿѹȥϣֻ˵ĲٵѪ֣±ҶѪֿʼεδ
ϣ״æȹϵȹ£˹ˡյȥһ˹ôӿʼһȦһȦ
Ūһ£ҪٱҶˡϣ֣СĵŴӣҵϢĵط´˿ڡ
˹΢΢һŮޱ飬ٿԼèŪҵë֡һ䵭ıһЩ΢ı仯
øֵһ֡СnС˵
ϣ
˵ϸˮҲӵʮŷֵĴ˼ˡ
֣˼ǰߡһСʱԺһ޴ɽͣ
ɽһõͷ϶Ͷһ⣬׵ĴۡϸСĻҳΧƯ
ϣüֺܲĸоɽƺſԶһαװĶ
ʣ˹˵ĵط𣿡
˹ûϻشϣע⵽ղһЩ仯嵭ٴλصУԽԽŨơɽһ͸ĮϢ
ô˹ʡǿ·ϣ鵰ó
ͷųһҫڹԴҫ£ƵʪĹ⡣е㳱ʪ⸽ٲȻõȻϰҲ֪ǰôġ
ϣ΢һԸı仯˹ϻһʲôһֻӰ˹Ķ
Уԡôѡ
˹ˣתֿȻﲢûʲôѾĲƸȥĴׯ˿ڰɡ
˿ڣ˹ĵ˵۾һֱɽĳһط
ѽϣס˹֣ɫĳѪ
˹ʹָ֮һ˿һϣԼĿģԵһ£һЩĲϾߡ
Ϊھߡϣ˵
˹Цһ£תߵɽͷ˵ƽڶϣѪմȾ棬񱻺һ
¡һڳһŵкҫ۵Ĺâ·ѷס̫
˹˵ƿʯڣâȸղŻҪҫۡͬʱһϣļµĶſۡ
ǣϣޱȷš
һҪ˹ȷ
˹߽ɽĻҪмһʯݲ֪ͨĶȥ汦ʯӱȽҺ߽ȥž˽С
ҿĶ˹ҵĽӺһŲϡ
ϣѰļµĶ
һ̹ǵӴӹâ͸̲סһ
ָƤϣȥǸӵĽ
Ƴһ˹߱ʰȡʲô
æȹӳȥضѨΪƶ죬ǵ˹
ϣ飬װӴɽȥ·һεˡ˹
ԽԽо䡣݇NNĴŲָݽģάŽӲĶȥ
ĸأʯӣȨȣƿ
ǡ
ϣĿס˱סĵط

ֲңָһ˼Ķ
ָгһšһƤֽдšɫĻд֮¾
ʲôϣֱһһ˲·żһ
Ҳ֪ﻹһţ˲˲ʧˡ˹ЩԾϴΪʲôûҵأϣ˹ķȥյļŲϡ
˹ǰɵϰߡʲô鶼˷ʱ䣬ĿĵȥýҾֻýҡòϾԲ࿴һ۽ҡԣϴμʹжջҲû俿һ
һϷŽڴվ¶ѾĹˡ߰ɣϲĶ𣿡߹
ûСϣЦ˵
ϲѾˡ

ȥϴҡϣصȼĻ˹˵תƿš
ǵɽµһׯССƾɵõֻ䡣һѾռˡֻùһ䡣
ϣ˲Ҫ޶ëֻúÿǷžʲô
ϴǹõģȾͷϣŽȥ֧ϴ̨ϣȲͳš
ŷѾˣ˿ˡǸ˭Զһûбɷ֮ǰĹ
չֽλƵĹ߿ȥ
ԭڲŻšҵƻˡ֪ҺҪԲƻҾû̽ˡȻһǰһ顣ûʲô⣬ѡܶԡ
ɷõıʵķԼҲܺãǳһһ¡뾯ŮˣԽԽĶҩ˸ңܻԸͷ
ʾǲϧõϰߴˡ
ϣŶ׼ϵĻ硣


14 
ϣ֮ţմȾ̻ζϴ
֮Ÿһѡӵмʱkݺι
ʱ֮Ĺϵֻİһ㣬ôҲûлӽ˹񲻻Լ˵ļ֤Ըͷ
վӣˮȻϴȥ˳ҲɫҲӲ԰סӴһ֦ȼִ𣬽üβһЩЯ֬²ʹųȹȹȻ¶ߡ
ַᣬЩֶνòͿһ۵ɫھӳһλշۺ죬ִĹ
ϣִһԼκë߳ϴҡ
ȵذܳ¾ɣ֨졣ӰԽ涡
ϣƿţɨվڴǰ˹սͳ;ʹȾһƣ˻һͦΣؿŴҹɫ춯ת
ϣ߱ëͷϵˮ顣ͷڻȥһЩ¶Ǻϸ׵ļ
˹嵭ƽ΢΢ζһ¡
ϣûӳ̫ãɿذȥղֻǸС⡣
ҪһЩҩࡣëŻִӰ϶һߵ˹Աߵķ£ȥϲȹ
Լ˹תŵĿܣһϡ
ϣջȥαؿ˹׾زۡÿһȦʹһ񣬲̫ýء
һ̲ס飬Ϊʲôֱʧأ
ʧ˹ؽӵͨıҾôˡȹ뻹㡣
ԭϣͷǻɡֻ֪֡
˹ûٸΪһ񶼽ⲻ
οúܽ˹ŵϣͷɢĵõ廨㡣Ů۷۵Ҳõ壬̺촽۵Ļ꣬ɢ˵ζ
ʶĿƿϾɵ黨ֽ·Դ˲˼Ȥ
ϣѴӽһ룬¶˰ơͷϸؽŽᡣ絽˹ָϣ޳ÿָ̲ס΢΢һ¡
һ֡
ϣ𴽽ǡ
ؽŸ˹ҲԽԽӲֱ飬ܲ
ֲ񳤾Ľɱ˺һӡһİ˿Ůζһߣǳزס
һ֡һ֡ҾǸıֻһ֡㻹û⿪Ҫ޶ûұԽԽȥľˡ
ҲϿһǡϣüû뵽ԼôݣǴ˶ٸᰡΪԼ
ʮӺ󣬽ڽ⿪ˡϣĵظֻ˿ڡͿҩࡢͬںڰѾһˣᳵ·úܡ
ˡЦӯӯظ˹ֱ˸ᣬվ˸ߵǰŲͷ
õζʧˣ˹ֱƤȻˣЩȡվȥȥϴҡ˯˯Ρ
һ޶𣿡Сnʡ
޶ˣѾʮˡ޶СɡܿԸˡϣ˵ϣ޵޶Ѱ±Է²޶ŷ֡
˹ʱϣѾڴɺˡű̺ӣѩ׵ĸ첲¶档
׼˹˵ͼԷޱ߹괹ƤӸµؿֽ̺ǵ˲ӡ
ϣ
˹ߵα£֧°ͣĮؿǽϵı¯
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ҹɫԽԽϴŮǳǳȵĺ
ҲΪ˯಻ãҲΪȣϣѹ̺ϣɵҲΪֱۣ¶ʹƬѩ׵ĺ󱳡
һͷĳҵգͷϱĳһ㺹ԵոӵĽκ졣
ķϣ˹üĿǸ嵭ģ֧°ͣ˼ؿŴ˯úŮ
Ѿ̺ˡһܶڽģ˿̱Ǻܿſ̺ӰԼ˯ױ
ԺиֳͻϹŰŴʹ¶Ÿ첲ȵʹҲûиôĳ
һ̿ɿڵĲݮ͵⣬ƿԼİװֽŲӺӴűѽ
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15 

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̶ȿɲסҪ̺ӵıԵȻ
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ò̺ӣվڴ¾ǰеŮ΢΢תһĨջϵĴƺ΢ȹӱʪ߱¶
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ϣĬĬع۲ֲùʽгӡkֱʱóӺԼϸµʱһܡ
ҪԭԼǿе㲻̫װ

ϣص˲١˹سŵΪʲôһҹ顣ܴһ͡òμѧɶס˲˵졣
СҼϻ۵ˡδһϽġ΢ЦŶǳβ˵
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ѺڰڹԢѾȥˡΪһĿıŮ˵˾ôضôܰأһҪȥذа
ȱذĺڰֻҪһͻ̲סһȥԢغʱûȥԷͻô֮ǰŬͰ׷ˡ
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ϣֱСƹҵϴδӵҪԽԽá
ھͰ̧ͷһ˲شͣ㾹ȻţʶԼ˵˻Բ˵ʱǷˣ鿴ͼ㱻ħɽΪԡ
Ծûйҡûϵ⡣ϣԴ˲⡣Խ˹ӶŶʱΪһġʱҲֻΪ˲Ʊ
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16 
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ϣ֪ԷеԹġռˣûˡһ˶ڹԢﲻ԰ʻţԼյһš
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18 
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˯ˡϣоֱۼԼʲôֵæۡ
ڷ궢ۣʣں𣿡Ųһ£ģһͷ޴Աߣҹɫı
õģұ֤鲻ᷢϡ
ϣۣŽߵĸǿȫеһǰԤ棬ʱҾͻؼˡ
ţɤԺ󻹻𣿡

ô㣿
лҪ˵ڰҪҪİֻһ˵ġֻңֻܿҡ


19 
سϣӹԢ߳ȥһҹĿάɿָֻյ֡˿ҹĿ޺ʲôӰ졣Ѿϰںڰ߹
ֶһźɫ۵ŮˡʮͷģɫͷͷϹ飬ȥ̫ǵӡ
ϣܵذѵóܿ첽ԶСȥ
˲䣬Ůͣ˽ŲתĿĶߣϣıӰֱʧջء
˲˰Ůɤ䡣
ȥʵǰһһɤĻˢøеʱ˿ѾѺڰ˯ˡ
졣Ů˳ת߽Ԣ
͵һĺ˲ȡɫ˺ķۣӼι޴ĳ򻺻£ƽں󱳡֮ʱ˺Ƶķһº£

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ͻȻ򿪣һŮ˽صϥĽ¡
ˣǷֵkˣ˹kڲ٣kƺûָ䡣
šӦһ
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ñǼᣬŵľϬݵ㡣ദ˿ʱõĸҩλ֮ϡ˭ͿѾԶ
ˣŮС̧ŵζҡ
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һƵ˵ƸһֻҰʹΪҵˣΪ˸ṩ̽˽ȨֻſţûԶ̧۾Щ飬ûʸһġ
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аɡ̫Ըؽӹ֪̫ƶԷһƱѾܲˡǾôֲġ
ĥŶ˹ֱվһĵصëѻţ΢嵭ʵ̫ÿˣ̲ס۸
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20 
ϣôصҡ
αװҵɳֽ΢΢һһΪҪüŻ
пΡϣִŵϣתٵؽ⿪ȹϵĴӣһģһһڻ
Բ𣬡ϣЦ˵ʱߡ
һŻҪˣ
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æʼ磬ڻһԭһҪ㡣
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ʲôϣȵתӿĲʲô
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˿ܲҲһΪһαװߣ˵Ŀ⡣ΪܵԼ¶ԵصĿͶҾزˡڿǲͬһˡ
ϣڸӿľκˡڹ۲
αװҵ¸߱˰ɣ
ᣬǩԼ־ļලû˭ΥŵΥͻ
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ȴŲϣС㣬͵ʱ䵽ˡ
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գ˹ڿ񻶡˾Щȥɢɢ˭֪ԴѣΣһˤɺС
ͬʱ巢˿µı仯޴βǿзֿ˹⻬˫ȡ·õиһڡûбΣǴûô۹
˹˻ˮзһڶ𣬡ҪħҩͿԵ㰮ȥòİͻɺĭ
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ʲô
Ŷ˵ˡħҩɤӻߵģҪ߿
˹˫ۣͷһĵڸĺҧ촽ƴֿԺиֳ˼Ļ档
ֵں泪裬ΪЩ·洬ָһϸӰӾ޴Ĵϵ䣬æιȥǸˡ
ƯŮĻƤѩףͷ̫һáϰתλش󺣡
һ顣ҺҪħҩֻҪȥܱ࣬ȥİˡʧȥΪɤӡ
ʺǧǧôΪһô˺ԼУʲôʱˣ
˹ƴֿܵһ
ϾסβסԼǸֵǶ½ܵʧȥ½ϺĹܡ
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ϰоҪˡ
ˮҪˮҪ˸ˮ
ܵؿϣ˻Ƶذ󣬡ȸˮ
ϣ
ҲƲȱˮ
лҪ˵С㣬ڴС㣬~
ƣҷ˶~˻ᳪ㡫


21 
¹µĴ󺣱ˣ䵭ӽǶҹգ·۾
ϣؿٶܵطſ£ڴһ˫ļָɰʯѪ˿
ˮٲҾˡɤɳƵ˵
ϣơѡڽʯ顣ʣµİܵĺȡˮٿܻ˹ϡ
٣ȡ㡭˹ţһÿߡָЩ𽥷ɫĹ⣬˺ΪԼһغ
ϣٶȥȡˮԺ˹ʧϴϸ΢۵ƤҲԽϸ塣ƺȫĲ
ҲٴڵشϵͻԽԽƽʼйΧĿתƵæµŮϣˮɫ۾תһ˿ζ
ˣϣȥȡˮͣ
˹ַԺ󣬺Լֱۡˮɤٸɳƣ͸Щɢ
ϣҡҡͷϴˡ
ôϴأҼǵ˹ǹǳǳĻȣ͵ץסϣСԼһק
ϣһˤϣϥǺݺڴϵɰʯϣư˻ʪβϡЩϸСƬſ죬񼢶Ұһҧġ
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Ķߣûйƻɤʣ˭ģ˹˹ޣǲ᣿Ҳóľǲֶξ׼˹ٻעһ㷽ʽοǻкĹڡ
ҶϹڤˮرմžܾɺ롣Щԭ·ذ˹Ūһ㡣֪ģÿ춼̺ܶ㣬ɳࡣжʱ䣬˹˻ɫĴС
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ϣֻһζ˿ڲ˵Ц˵ҿ
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ϣüľС̹һ˸ѪҺͷм̡ȻԷûЩСѡһͷ
һĨʺѪ˹ǣ΢̵ˮɫ۾ԵЩ˷ܣʵֱ۹סŮ֫ҶѪҺ״³ΪʲôѪôִšԭζͦѽ
ôָס°ͣ޵ĳȣҪҪİСϵѪأұĭ֮ǰ֪ģòĶ͸û𡣡
ϣſ˹ϣᴭŮգŽë԰׵͸ž´ģ̺Ĵ񻨶һˡ
ôջأ˹Цӱ䡣
ڰϴʱ乻ˣѾʧġ
׼˵𣿡Ц촽޵ᴥĶӦýݴ㲻ʲôҴӺŪ......
ͻȻж˶Ի۾ְסؿڡھҵѪҺʲôڿӣһƵӿͷܿƵزڡ
ǰŮڰΨһĹ⡢ɳĮʣİƿˮѩССĻ֣ǿ۾
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ȥĶ˹æסȣſ־ĹƿһеѾȫпƣû취뿪һС
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߰ɣ󣬡ʲôôҸ˫ֻҪԸ⣬ҿ԰˹㡣㻹ϴ½ҲΪ
˹ʱ·𱻳аİָܸͼ˵޼ΪµĽɽ
ϣḧһע˫ˮɫ۾˵Ҳϲ㰡
Ҳϲ㡣
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˦⣬βȡ֮ǰõ̫ˡβܾȡ
ñȵʱ򲻱䣬ıʱϹ䡣
лҪ˵ԺĹֽѱҰ㡫


22 
ĴεĽʾһǳʵõ˴Ҷѧ÷ǳ档
ϣëʿڱϻżŽڽص㡣ûпҲûʱһܿζⲻ
ڲɴ֣вɴϥǡҪĳ谮
뺣ĻԤĲң˫ءԭֻѶԷŪϰ
áֻܿҡһ̵ļ䣬θ͹ǿǸ߼Ҳȫ
ڣָĺһҪˡŴ㱦ʱûԹôĿһƴҵ
Ҳаɣٷȷġ򻨴йƬҶմĺһƯû̫ʱġҪǿ̹ĵļ䡣䣬Ѿ㹻ˡ
ѧú档ϴһƵعԷرִŸϣֵ䵭Ҳ޷ֹ
šϣͷҲ̧ؼűʼǡ
ʵѧ㿴ϸ˵ĵҪһ㡣
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㿴ճ˿ڵģʱҪżȥϣҪ۲һΧ֯
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ǿһ΢Цϸ˵˵
˵ˣҶ֪ˡϣִ̧ĻĿֱֱԽһЩЦ⡣
֪ʲôһʲôû˵ءسһͿϣȥ
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͵תӳǱ⻹ҫ۵Ĵڡ˹һվڹԱߣһ£߸ϵ¼š
ȥŮʱ䵭Աº࣬ȡ˾ǧ̬
죬еɫҲų˹ȥ
ôˣ˹Щȵؿϣźɴ֡
СˤһӡϣΪ˵ûϵҽѧص½һСšÿϰһ¡
ʲôţ
nķʼٱrķʼٱ졣м乴˿ʱҪͣһ¡ϣü䡣
ɣ£תѯأѾûˡԷ֪ʲôʱˡﴽǡ
Ǵģ˹üȥ˿õϡֻҪĶͻѿ
ϣգգۣ¶һ㯵顣
˹ɨһŮ֣⿪
˹ҪΰϣЦӯӯʣҳģϥǡϰ϶ô죿
˹΢΢һˤô
ϣ
ջһ£û뵽شôֱС
ȥǱ߰ɣ˹ָָԶС֣תǱȥ
ϣȥʣ˹ˣѧԺʲô
һ顣˹˵
ϣƳһۣһͨŹƶķɣֻܳҪմ˹־ë
֮Ƿš˵ΪԼָ˺ܶôǲ֮һأ
ƽɡﶼаΪʲôһѧԺأϣЦݲɫʡ
˵ŵѧԺղһֱעȻֻǴ˵ûҵkּǡͻȻˡ
ϣջĿ⣬̫ðһɺ
ǡˣһԲⱾ顣
˵С֡ٿøߴĹȻĴɡġֱΧһȦľ飬ѧԺκεطĶïܡֵطˣֻҪ˴ǲᱻġ
һô׳¡˹ϣƽԼϥϣٽ⿪ͿһǳɫҩԼԿһƤ⣬ƻưװ׵ķǳҡ
˹ϸϸؿⲻˤˣϵƬԼ˵ġ

ϣ΢񲻻Ըʵģͷ
˹һ۾ʶһ
޹ҡҡͷô㣬ҶûֹҾɳ˵ġ
˹Ƴһۣû˵Ƥ̶֣￪ʼˡһǿϣĵ˿˲ĨƽѿĻᶼĦ
ۣŮ¶Цݣһɢ΢⡣
˹Ṵ˹ǣҸղŵʾ㿴𣿡
ףڸʾҫ𣿡ϣ۾ô죬˭尡
˹Ц££ﲻóΪײ
𣿡ϣգգë
бĵط𣿡˹ʡ
аϣ͵أԥذȹÿϥϵˡ
˹ͷ鿴ʱ˹ȥڶԷ˵һãܿϵŶ
˹ʹ޷Ӧضֲϥϵɴ
ϣֱԺﴫСnıĶֵһ֡
Ŀڲһ˰
ˤɳϵˡ˹⿪ɴ˵
ղǸҲǡϣ˵
˹û˵ָ˿ĦϣپƤһƬ飬̲סһ£
˹Ƥ˿ڵıԵǳϡⲻͨɳأǺߵĽʯ̲뵽ϣҪ˺Ĵ̧ʣȥץˣ

ϣصɴۡ
ȥ˹顣ȥϥϵ˿ڳʲôϢԷѾ֪ȥ˺
ץ㡭ֱеԻ·ɡ˹ӦΪԽȥץˡǳԲǷǷΪҲ⡣
㷭ΪѶԼˣתû뵽ġ
ˡͷһΪѵӡ
˹´ָĨ˿ڣϥҲ
κϥϣȺˡٿĺۼ
أ˹ʡ
ŶͲÿˡǵ࣬ͺˡϣæȹڸǺá
˹ûǿվ˳Ҳϣ
绹пΰɣȻؼˡ
ϣһۣΪʱû취ֻõͷ
˹֣߳ϣ󷢳һ·ĸOO@@ûüͷͱһɴһİĻ
ײڶԷӲıʯŦϣʱһᣬˮ̲ۿ̧ͷͫӳ˹һ㳰Цݡ
ԭѽЦ˵Һҡ
ϣһæŤͷ˹ķ򡣵Ķַ
ι
ͷ겻ƺ°ͱָϣ̧Ŀ˹һ˿Цˮɫ۾
ѽ˰ɰôж𣿡
ϣؿҶ


23 
һ֡оݱڵ, ɽë鷵Ҷ졣֦辷ٵնķռݡ
˹̧ͷϹЦȻʧ, ǲٵľ仹ò֪λİˡ
Ҫ𣿡ϣڴʡ
Ȼ, ˹¿תһ˿⣬ҸҵǸҰʹĸˣôʲôôߵأİɣֻҪûл, ȺϹǲҵҵġ
ϣ
᲻ᱻ̻ҵ
ȡȰҷſϣ, ֱ۴Ľ
˹Цһɿֱۣɱֱۣϴ½ˣ
ԡϣһ±ֱ, ˹һͷ, ɫĶ̷شֻҪ, 衣
, һ˿, רעע㡣ϸ۾, ͻᷢתν顣ƺ綼ûֵ˻¡
Ȼϴ½ΪʲôᱳѹͶڰأ˹ЦЦʡ
ԼԲǺڰģҿɴûϹϣ˵
Ŷ, ˹ЦȻ˵ǡ
ղǸ˭˹ͻȻʡ
ϣװɵ
ˣ˹²⡣
ϣգգ, ǡѧԺҩʦ֪ģѧϰˣÿѧԺôһλ
Ҳϲ, ˹˵, Ȼ˵ҵͷǿҺܲˬһʻǴӹҲˮͲ١
ϣ
һҲǹء
˹ְĿ, ɤһ˿ã㣬ûֹ𣿡

ȫץϣβѡ
ǸΪӦôҲ˵ȥ׽˰ʵر㡣
˹ñӺЦаɣݵСƭӡ
ԶɢѧԺϢѧ½ȥϿˡ
ϣ˹ߵġ򡷣ζˣֻϽȥŪ֡ǰƺô򷢡
ˣ𣿡̽ʡ
Ȼɡ˹ס
ϣЩȵû뵽Ȼĺ˵
ССһǣˡ
š˹΢΢°ͣµؿ
õϣԥתȹӳȥ
ͷһô죬ĶҪǰѧУǲڿȱΣС
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󱳵·ʪһƬ
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˭֪أϣҲЩ⡣˵㹻˹ܰ˰ˡʮ
˹۲˼仰ͷŹ̫òصݾ
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ҪôûأСnʡ
šϣüƻ˼ƺûгɹĿܡֻһһˡ
ûֱȥ˹ȥˮһʵĲݮЦӯӯȥš
˹סڴŴ԰ķӡķӻӣװɫС¥һͥԺ
ȥ˹ͥԺĻΪïʢֻҪĵطǽϵķ϶ɫСҲȱ˼ҵĶࡣ
ǹ
մء
ϣƿɫԺš˹ûйӶӶˣҼҳӾȻеһжȣԶõĵط
ϣŲݮ߽˹֪߽һɲǣһ˫۾עӵ쳣Ķ
ûеתȥ˹ǰѲݮڰϣڷϵ
ʮ¥ݴ˽Ų
ϣǿϥǵĳͲѥȻǴŽĩɫĴȡǼ򵥵İ׳£⣬¶ɾʵֱۡ˹
һ嵭ϣһġӦûҵϤ䷽ϤԸ
粻Ͽ𣿡˹ʡ
ԭҪϵģǼĲݮˣժ͸ѳԡֻ˹һѣҾˡϣӣݮ̫ˣұʱ䳤˲ʡ
ô˵̿ˣ˹ü
˹˽Ҳһİϣ¶ĵЦݣһָұ֤һΡ
˹޵Ůϸ׵ָɨһۣƤʣӦѧʲô
ǴӦˣ
ҫ˵
š˹Աߵķһֻëڿдһϸϸҫ۵Ļӱʼһڿоš
ѧѧϰҫҽ̫һġ˹˵
ôһϣЩȤʡ
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ϣ΢ڲǴΣýɫĹâ͸ʹ𣿡
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ףǾͲܵˣϣ롣
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Լ޷ҫ
Ҫֻϰ˹߸һС
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Բ𣬡ϣ΢΢۾Ǹˡ
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˹Ǹһֺǿĸо֪еʱʧȥ¡仰һ¡Ϊʲô
˹Ǳҵּ𣿡װһȤӡ
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˹ϣ򿪾֣Ц˵ҿһָо˹Ȿ顣޷ֵּ˹Կɲѡ
˹ûԥݵϡ
ϣõûмŷǴһ˿ḧһ·档ָĴһļµΣոлɢ·жЦ
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˹ӿһ˿ɻ󣬡𣿡
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˹Щԥ顣Ȼҳйؼ
òòãϣ§ĸ첲ȥʹó˼е˹΢΢һ
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аɡ˹˿ڡ

ݾϲͬʱһ𣬸оһЦ飬ҰعŹ֡¯Ĺ
˹ͷ˼ͻȻʣҴӦ㣬ʲôл񣿡
л񣿡ϣ΢΢һָָϴõĲݮ𣿡
²С˹˵Ŀɨϥϵ飬һʱıӡ
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ݮһҧ°ţʺ֭ˮӿŮĴȾŨĹ֭Ϳ̺ǡϣʹݰף촽ǱƽʱΪˡ
˹ĿϣĴͣ롣һ˿䣬Щ
ϣزı仯ָԼĴŶС˵ģл֮
ĿĴɣرվ׼ؼҡ
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Ů˹ĶУ΢΢ۣܿƵؿ

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ˣллϣ̽壬˸һڴϡ

ϣڲͶι㱦֮ȥѧУ
˹֪ʲôֽţβͻȻһӵרøýһˡ
˹ʼոΡ䷹
ʱϣ˸ȥ·͡ﲻͼݻ湤ھ˦Ͻȥͼݣһ鱻Ǹô졣˳㶨αװ¡
ҶˡӲ˵
ǲųԹ𣿡˹ʡ
ҲιԹϣҧһһٵ˵ЩԹüŲһҶˣҺȥԸСⰡָָͼ
˹Цаɣȥ԰ɡ
Լȥ
Ϊʲô
Ϊϣʾ֭Žڡ
ΪҪȥҩʦҩ˰ɣ˹ЦЦʡ
ʲôҩʦ
ϣɻ˳ĿȥһŰɫ۵ĸߴӰСϣȥҪͼݵķߡ
ЩŶϣ롣
ӰĽӽԽԽ䶼
ϣۣ˹ˣ
˹ǣŤͷ˫ַȦһȡ
ιҩʦ
㲻ҪҺ


24 
ҩʦ
Զ˺
˹Ųδͣһ۵ĺ涼ûСҩʦ, ֲ
㲻ҪҺһȻСһϴ
˹ĽŲʱͣס, Ŀ⴩Сڻ̳ԵӰϡ
ŵɫȹŮ, һ֧ѹӢôŰɫ˿׵ƴȥ졣
Ϲɢ飬ɾͰڻ°͵ͷЦŲ֪˵ʲô
ղŻõͻȻˡ
Ӱϣ, ʶֻ̧ۡ˹վڽǰ, ͸ԽԽŨ䵭
һݣҪˣֽŲ˹Ļ, յ˹ȥ
˹ˡ
Ůɫͨ, ۲תһĨɫټ, ΪЦݡ
˹, ͷ΢һ, ɫ仹ʮ䵭
˹߹, üۼһ˿ζ
ϣƳЩͷۡٺҩʦȽ, ˹ˣҵѡ
ô˵ûɣҩʦҲԽ˹
˹˹Цһ, Ŀ⻺˹ɨһȦǸΪڸҽܹ񡣡
ֻǵ֡˹ɤƽ
ϣĵʧȥĻ, æϡ
һôˣ㻹˹, һ
ȥ˹, ҪȥͼҲҪȥء
˹ЩǺ
ͼϣ˹վǰ顣˹ֻɨһ۾͸оûȤתȥˡ
ϣСnһ˹꣬ƶϽ
˹䵭ʹĽëžǧ׼ߡǰһѩ׵ĸ첲סȥ·΢ͣ
˹ˡ
ŮһŴŴɤ˹Ի˵㡣
ʲô£
ңҪ㡣
ͼ̫ˣȫ֪뵽˹һʶ˿ڣûȽϿ졣
˵һѪ׵ҵ㡣ôֱܽأ
˹΢΢һ㱻𣿡
Ŷ⵹ûС֪ģҵ˿Ǳҧġ˵ԱǶԷҺܵġ
˹һŵģͷһ㣬صģ޷ϰǲܳʱڵر¶ڿСֻҪٿƬ򡭡㿿Ҳûϵ㲻ֻһ˵Ѫˣͻ䡣
ǣһǺܵġһ˳ˮô찡ˮ㡭ˡŮϸ׵ָʶȹޣüͷ΢壬šëһ
˹ɤŻܺµĻһ취ʱϵζǿ㣬εʱ䲻ֻ̫ҧʦ𣿡
Ӧǰɣϣ̫ȷصͷûץ
ţøٵƤʯķĩʺͰ˹˲ݵĸټһǷۡЩغɫ֭áԸͨζһ¡Ըߵʦ롣߼ʱ١
⣬ⶼʲô˸ٵƤʣµûһ
ŮèƵĿ˹һˣҲ᰾
˹ûлӦֻؿ
ϣȥ֣Ƥɨһۣûж㿪һģ˵䷽˽˵ġȻ鼮һЩҵֻûпû׼ȷ̡Ҹ
˹ˣҰɡˣȥȡһл񡣡
˹Ƴһۣʣһ˭
ŶǸѽϣе㷳յ˵µݡĸˣҡе㲻ã˵ʲôֵĻǧ֡
ݰ˹Ŀ˸аɣҰ㰾
ϣЦݣȥȡ
š˹𴽽ǡ
һӾ޴ĲսϣգգֵۣüģͻȻء
һŶСn˵
ģ¶ǳ˫ɶϣӿŨŨϲá
˵˭Ӳãһɤ
ϣûͷҲ֪Ǻ˹
Сn
˲ƹģʱҲſꡣСnͰ͵˵
û˵ϣæתըëˡ
˹Ŀ⵭شϣƵ˹ϣƻǵõҼҡ˵ͱõתſȥ
ɭɭµݣţӲã
ҴˡŮϸϸġ
˹ȫ뿪ϣһ
˭˹бܣĿɫƵʡ
ҩʦ˹ϣЦЦػش
װˣ͵ؿ֪ǡ
Ŷ˭أϣ̵ʡ
ʲô˰ɣ˹˵Ҵֲ񡣡
ˮɫ۾͸ˮһƺϤеܣھһô򵥡
߿ϣ䵭ְ
˹һʱûվȣĵطסܡ
ʲôɤá
鰡ϣȡһ飬εε˵㵲ˡ
˹ɨһ̵ۣĻ
Цһöʱʧ̲סŮ۵գĿҪϲˡ
û֣ٵġ
һְСnȵ˵
ϣҲˣڰëϲá
ȥǼǽʱϣ鵲ְһСֽ˹Ա
һ߸̾ϰԽԽˣһ߰׼õıش˻ȥϣߺŴֽ
װ־ƹݺС档ǵô󡣡
ҪⱾ飿߳ͼݵʱ˹ʡ
Ȼ˵Ҽڲϱߵ¡ũҶѧҲû
ҼǵǸʦ
ûԣֻڳΪʦ·ϡҲìܰҲһֱͶι𣿡
˹΢һ·ӦƳһۣܺãںѾĴˡ
ϣ΢üͷôĴأ
Ǵ̫ˣȫһˡ˵ǹһΡӲһΡұͶιһΣһĴΡ
ŶĴΰСۡ
㶨е飬ϣǳã˹ųȥ߹ȥͿܲ˿˿ͷص
ôǶҪȥˡܲ˿˵س¡
ʲôˣϣֱʡ
Ǵơ֪ģٵǷǳʧ顣˿˵
عϣʡ
˭أܲ˿˵Ȼ
ΪʲôͻȻǴأϣʡ
͵ʱ˵˿ˣ±ʾܸȤҪҪƣԥһ˵ǣΪȥ˼⣬ԡ
Ҫȥʹˡܲ˿˿һ˵˵
ϣͷôʲôأȫûԼ֡
ɵܲ˿˵ôƣһ˵ǽ㡣ĺûᡣҪ֪˭ʸȥʹġ
ϣ򴽣ȥÿһ¶޵ģԷssr͵Сһ㡣
һǲȥͼݴһ磬ۡ
Ҫµѿ֮𣿡ܲ˿˵ղŹе˹Ա¼˵֡һᱻΪӻʼҡ
Ҳ᲻ĵġ˿һ䡣
ðɣðɡϣеͷ۵شӦ
˹ȥɣ
˹ûֱӻش𣬶µʣܺǸ
Ǻ£ǲ̫ϲϣŴݣλҲϲҡһȥҾͲˡƯıɫ۾Ĺ⡣
ң˹Ц°֪ͣжңͲҿ˹
ҲǺᣬҲҵȦһֻ췢ܵëˣҿɿˡ

µķǾȻذڷŲ㡣ĵطһ˿СֽƵĺս
ϣĲɵسƣüγơνҲơ
˹Աߣִαϵk
˿ִһ֣ذ£üģԳЩƣӡ
ܲ˿ƳһۣѾˣҲøˡǰ˿æϣôʱ䣬һˣӦúúϢһ¡
ǵһЦͽˡĺôҪ˵ǡ
ϣɿڽˡƷһߣýظǡ
ЦŵͷӹŮ͵Ĺ֭һڣƣطһߡ
ϣʱŮͽزߡ
һжȥǵơˡ
صңط±ӡ
˹ؿڻʹ͹֭ԭе棬λʲô
ʱûжʲôԺ󲻻ʲôϣֿʼӳԡ
˹ЦһҰ뺣װɡ
̫ˣϣӰֿȻҲϲҿɴûɱ
۾ѻ˵ͱһ۵İ׹˹ʶȥקҲһ˽ȥ
ʹϵ˿΢΢һЦĨһźҺһźҡ
ףһء
ֽͼһһŮͷ
ҲǼ˰ɣԱߡԺдһ
ҿĻø߼߶ԸЦ˵ﰲȻµػصңҶƼˣ˭˵ʲô
ǰ˵ʧˣҲµͷϡ
Ļᱻֽ𣿡ʡ
ȻֻҪֽƾͻᱻ¼Һõ߿ֽţͻᱻȥ
Ȼأ
ȻյͺˡЦ˵
ӳɣ
ᣬֽﶼֽġûˮʮָ춼ͻᱻ˸ԶҲ޷谭ˡ
αϣľͺˡ
Ҳ˵ֻҪ㲻ҪӰ¡Ȼס
Ժֻ㡣ذֽƴյϵȼڱ
ȻˣҵssrƺŲǰġ

ϣˤһɫĲݶϡû˹ʹӿг֣صϡ˾ŴӲݶȥΧԲݵš㡱Ӵܡ
ȹŶѹˡϣŴ˹ǹģѹĲϣϢһƬ顣
˹ֳ̧ͷ˵ʱΪʲôᵣȹţõǱ𣿡
ֻıѹϣֽŲƿ
ûĵˣ˹ղᣬˤˡ
ϣվϵĲмһֻСΣ´չŲϳ
üСһѣëôֽ
ȥ۾ԽԽ󣬡ֻҲǣֻȺȥŵĴҴܡ
˹һݸˣתݸչһŵɫֽ־һֻ͵һ˺
ϣ㵵ĿУֳ롣ֽĸηΡһ¸ɰͰ͵صûѪ
ֳ㡱ؽţԴԼ塣
⡭ϣԼϵӲֽ⣬ȵһ仰˵
ֽ硣˹˵Ӷ֣һ΢£ĸη¹塣СվͷԼתӿ
ֽ磿ϣظһ顣
ţֽͳε硣ʿֽơǣﶼֽġ̫աɽľз硣
ôϣʡ
ֽûšҲ޷൱һյ硣Ҳһ¼û¡֪ãȻҲӳȥ
ӣϣе㲻
˹һ촽ûԽԽɿʣûˮֽıơʪĶᱻˮ֡
ҲʣϣҡҡͷҸպˮ
ˣ˹Щڣ֪Ҳúȵ㡣
ô죿ܴҳȥ𣿡
ܳȥҲóȥ˹Ƴһۣұ㻹ȱˮĿҺܲѺáҸоʲôѾʼҵˮˡ
仰ʱ䣬ϣͲ˹״̬̫áκʱĴϢҲԵƣ
е㵣ûҵͱˡϣ˵
ŶҲġ˹ᴭ˵
Ϊʲôأ
Ϊ˹תŮĴͣһ롣
ǻˮ𣿡
ͻȻס֫Լ͵һ
ϣһһ˲ݶϡ
˹ˣɰ¡
ϣѹԽԽͣΣյľ
ô¿أ˵Ĵζرմ˾ͼɲ ޼ɵضŮ̺Ĵ΢һ˵һû
ϵָתһȦһİĲڡ
𡣡 ż̵ͷϣæֱס죬˳Ľëգգͣѵ㰡ˣǾȼҲԡҧңǻġ
ǺˣЦһ£ϧеء
һһؿϣܵر۾ֱѹס졣
һ룬ıѹһ¡ϣ̽ë
ûеʹᣬƶ޻ǡ
ʪģůģе


25 
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һֵֻڴ, һֵֻ˹ļ粿
ʲôġ
ղƶ䲻ͬҪҲ
ʪĴССĴ̣һһ´۵ɨ, ֡
ϣë, ˲ʲô
ƻĹԺ·ߣջȴҪıӰտڻʵɲװױռòĶֵ
ҪľʹʹСͻȻüӲޱȣġȵѪҺӿ, ûȻ¾ͱͷߡ
ϣ͵, ͫӳ˹
ɫ΢΢ڵ۾ɫתӿĺ, ·籩ʱĴ󺣡Ϊ˷ֹҶ, ɴఴס촽˱, һСѪҺʱ
ϣۡ
׼, Сn, ס, һssrҡ
ôssrңϣȼˣʹһ˿ϲ
Ҳ֪, ϶ƶ˺һı䡣
Ҹıʲôˣϣ˼һ£ֻԹҵѪڶγԡѵרһ𣿡
ϣоԼе㱻ըˡ
°, СnͷԺĿרһֻһ˵Ѫĳ˵ȷʵרһġ
˵Ļ, ǿкܶһΰϣϲ˵
ȿ, һ㡣
ϣЦƲ, ֪һ÷ֵķʽˡÿһ飬ϲרһȻСܿ٣ʵˬˡĶֱֵϹssrҡ
㻹𣿡
бҽ𣿡
ûС
ŶǾͲˡ
˹оµŮ΢΢ͣ˱
ϸŵСһëһط˿ڣͣ
ϣۿѸһˮ⡣
˹̧壬ǳɫĽëᶯ˶¶۵öѪ˿ϣƣسСףΪûмʱѪҺٶȷѪ졣
ǸҸղеʧˡ˹Ĵָһâش˿Ĩ
ССѿĳƵķ첹סѪ˿ڵϣӿıŰɫǳ𽥻ָյ͸
ϣᣬҪӳķʽԷھΡȻԺ˵˭ܵˡһ²һΡ
Ů΢΢ڣβ̺죬¹һˮˮܿӨδ໮ȥʮ
˹΢΢һ³ѹ¡촽ĺۼ˱һֱ˱ֹ߲ͣ
ȵĺѪζ˵ϣһСøˡ
̫ɥĲˣᶼŹ
˹΢ѹĲЦ˫źᶶ
㲻֪ȱˮ𣿡ɳƵЦ𶯡
ŪڻѪζϣ
ˣˡղΪᣬ­ڻܵıӰ˸顣
̧Ц⣬ұеھθУȫûˡ
߿ϣˡ
ˣǡ˹ЦվȥˡҴȥֽ
ʲôϣ΢΢һס˹ֽľվ
ֽ˹ЦŽͣһֽʹ硣ڰڰ١ֽͬҲˡġ
𣿡ϣһ棬ҵǳȥ
˵ɡ˹˵
ϣߣҲ޷ĺøжȡ
˹Ṵ𴽽ǣղŵ²ȫҡΪȱˮܣ㻹ҡŻһ£͸Ѫζ˲份ļ䡣
ټѪĺζҾʧˡǱŲҪ˷ѵԭ˱ġͻȻи⣬´ٿʵʱƴޡǿ־ỹĵҶԸԡ
ܳеϣе㾪ȡ
ţҶҺСı¡ǵһƷᡣ֪ģ˹ˮһ˲ڽˮˡ
û᣿ϣϲ۾
ûôˣ
ôͦ˵ġϣЦ˵һössrǰ֡ԺСnѾʼˡ
˹Ƥɨһۣûܸˣ
ϣЦӯӯ˵Լ˵Ѫᡣҵ˱ֶεȻ
˹ṴǣھͿްɡ

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ŸպҵѪϣȵ۾
š꿡ü΢壬ϸ׵ĲϷһɫƬӿһ΢⣬ڲǿаƬѹȥǿ߰ɣò˶ãҾҪֳˡ
壿
ģ˹˵
ϣ˵ģֻ˹ıžָԭͰɡ
ɫƬʲôأ˹ͷΣöߡ
ǧҪֳ壬ӿ־ˮ
˴ɽȥ·ľ䶼ֽģǳ档ˣҲֽġ
ɫϸֽӿд£Ǿ޴ĲֽΪвһС
ʱһһػϣĺҲʼðڼˡڿʵĶ˱Լᡣ
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㲻ܱˮ𣿡ϣСʡ
ܣԹˡ ˹ӿˮĿ
ϿҸʲôϣֱסԼɥĲֹѪ
˹Цһ£뵽һİ취˶ˮ
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̧°ͣɤдŨŨպ壬ſ
̼̫죬硣
åϣ˲ʲôӰһϡ
ֹʲô⣿
㣬겻ͷشߴ٣ҲӲģúܿʡ
Ȼṩðɣϣ顣һξͿԵõһȺssrҡ
Ҳᣬ˭֪ʲôϷˡ
ϲ磬Ц𣿡
ˡɿʵ곹ʧȥģקڻ
ȵϢ°ͺͲϣĸоΣյ˷
ҵѪϣ৵󣬲̫ԸشյߣŶƶѪ
˹ɨһŮϸ󡣹ǽССģƤ͸ѩףֲϸСѪʮֿɰžҧһڡȻĶǲ֪ΪʲôԷܾеơ
ԸҧҲԸһ£
ֹװɴֵܣ˭֪᲻ʲôֵ°
԰ϣһصͷ֪˹ķʲôġֻϲԷŻǡֲϲ㡣
ֲϲ㡣
˹ëᶯһ£۵ӿ˵仰ˡں˵ľ仰
ʱ֪ʲôУʹ̡ǹȥôˣ仰ĿڻƵأ
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ףʲô
ôĶأ
ϣһ¡
˹ƤһۣɤģֻϲŻǰҼסˡ
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˹³֣վԭزɴһ㲻ߵɣ
ղôɣ
ղжϷıߵĿı߾гС˹˵
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ôҵģ˹ͣһ£ЦЦתһȦȻ仰㲻á
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۴αȵĽפţнûиȫӲֽǴģȥ־¡ֽƬʵԼ¡ȻһöȶֽɳϢ
ĿֽƷ˳еֽƬѡ·еѡױƷ
ϣµؿǣе滯ױƷǲõЧǣǲ沿
ԲڽֵϣֽƬ˷̶ļУĶֵӻӡ
ѡղŻɢӵĽֵת۾ֻʣֵĹ
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ҵĻʲô˹ʡ
һȥֽƬ˵Ĺ߽̻ᣬǽһ㡣ϣ˼˵֮ȥעĵط
˹Цһ£˵ľġͷ߰ɣȥʹֵ֪ط
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˿һ֣˫Уࡪడ
¡
˭ҹȥˣ
㵽̺ȥ죬ܲһˡ
ϣ̽̽ͷ
Сģ˹˵Ҫȥ§סŮ͵Ծȥ׵ĸ߶ϣһæ§סĲͼĸ
˹΢΢ŮĻĺϡǼӿ˵ζ
δ˹ŵζȫǺ󺣰ˮֻп̵ζ
΢Ż˽ٶȡ°͵Ůľѣӳҵζ
һŶСn˵
ۣʲôӣε÷ֺ޹ɿԣͷԡ
ǻأϣѸٴ˹ѾҳһšɪɪĹһΧǼֽֽ
ôôƣϣʡ
ŵ˹ߵ̺¹İ̺Ҷ淢߰ĺ
һ˿Ƶһ棬ͷɪɪ
ҪѪϰ
ҲҪϡ
ϣЩֲרԲеġ
ǸͱͱAֽ֪𣿡
仰һأ̾е˿˶۾
ֺ󣬽ŵĿͻȻɳ˿ЦԭҪֽ
ԭҪֽ˿ѽͶӵ˿ʺ¼СȸԼŷ硣
Ҫֽʲô𣿡
ûвԣA˵С඼ȥֽȻҲһѡڳƵݣѴ˺Ƭ˵Ǿ˿
ԭϣͷֻȥ
ð죬ƬJĴֻ̣ҵŰɡ˵תˡ
Ҽǵ㣬ʺָϣһƣǰѺƳ
ô֪ϣȵؿ
ΪʺȨҿȥκһһȦҼǵĸСһƣΪϲĺӣԾǶһ
˯ˣʱ׼Ҫ뿪ִǾޱŮ˿ơһ͸Ͻˡ
ϣ΢ǾޱֻһˡȻйءʹ˸߼߰ɡ
ˣǸƬJ·ء
һ仰Ҫ㣬ʺסϣ֪Ϊʲô˴󲿷ֶȥ𣿡
֪ϣҡҡͷ
ΪԽֽԽܶû߳ǵţͱ˸ɡʺĵ˵
ԭϣȻȹлллңи׼ȥ㡣ֶһԡ
˵Ķԡʺ̾Ϣ

ƬJ͵˵ſڡֽŸտϣ͸оƤڲܿƵĲˮۿɼٶȴëϸðڿС
ƬJƺҲܲ쳣Ŀ嶼еˡҲˣԼȥɡ˵Ťͷܡ
С˹ӿâϵذƤӿƬȥ˵ˡҲû
ϣȥðƬʣô
ֽɱҡ˹˵ǵk޵ˡûңkͿ԰ŵĵط
ĵطϣ΢΢һ˵
԰ϧκ綼й򡣾ѹơֽȥǵ磬kҲԣĳ˵ˮǵkĵˡ
ԭϣ˹ֱϵƬü
СnäС
ڣ
ԣڲ飬Ժûˡ
ҲǰҪʲôأ
äУһֺøֵ֡
Сn
äûճ鵽õĶúøֵ飬ssrҡһŷһأ
˵ǡԺɡȻĶأ
á
ϣֻǰһΣԺһäС˵İװ͸¶ŶĿɨһۣäʧһǳǰ˰ǣ˾һĻŶ
һ
ޣһʮСʱϵĿޡôӰ

һֻͨĻ˪ĨԺɫŶ
ʹ
ϣһ˶ʮһһǡ͵׼ɸ߼äʱǰͻȻһ⣬ÿһһͰˮϴˮŶãʹ߻ð
ۣøжҪˡ
ø˵ĵߣöº͵˿ʲôһܽڵأʮøֵֵ
ϣת˹ʱϹЦݡ
ʲô˹ʣĶͷòɵˣ
ǰơϣóһȵˮνϡ
˹ۣŵؿŻô
ûʱˡϣ˵ֻҪ򿪾ͻ᲻ͣ硣һͰˮ󣬾͵õһӲˮ
˹ûٷϻϣֿٳȥ
ԽţԽȫȥˮֱӻΪֻˮϡ
ƺֽعͷ
ĸߴסڸ߸ߵĵϣһɫļͣؼŶӡľֽƬ˴ּ䡣һƬѩףֽڵϾʧ
ֽмڿз裬·ëѩ
ľͷǿĴţҪ˵ϣҲ֪ܵǾ뿪ͨ
һЩӴſֽмøӿ񱩡
ϣ˹ԥűȥƴˮ·ͷԽԽֽмӿˮС
ڻ׵ľʱͻȻͣˡ
ϣоԼ˸ƤˮַɿغľƤͷ˲ûϾҪƵġ
̶ףоԼֱһ͡۾ޱȿǵţֽȴʹ˹⡣ˣˮɢ÷ǳ졣
ʣʱҲ޷ܣˤڵء
ϣæסһЩˮǻʱûյġ
ֻʣˣϾܳȥˡƴŶԷĸ첲ǰƶŹˬķ硣ֻҪ߽ȥ뿪ط
ֽϵļֽֽмɣԽĸ
˹࣬޷ѹӿĸ첲ͲٶȷɫƬٶȿþˡϣò˼룬˹ıͻᱬ
ֽƳһۣϣæѰ§嵲סı仯ƴҡŻֻҪһˮֻҪһ㣬ѹסı仯
ۼ˹ϵƬ꣬Ҫܸʱϣ˹ƬһĨƬܵػ𱣻ƣſ쳯ݺҧ¡Ѫʱӿ
ϣͷһڣס˹ʹſͷչȥ˫ӣѪض˹ȥ
˹͵ضһ£ʶδָӦһֹסŮ֫һְֻסĺ׼ǡڱܵĽʸסԷ͵ӶѪҺ
ϣһʹо˹ЩСֳˡ̲סСĵرܿΪӿ䣬ߵѪԷһһʳ
ֹ˶ãҲֻʮ롣ڵĻͻȻʼˮһʱ꽽ϡ
ϣоĴͻȻֿһֻʪķ
ۣ۾
͸ģɾģˮɫ
Ǵɫ


26 
ϣ˹վں߶͵֮ϡ
ܺܺ, ֻܿǶ¡ҷǣ󺣳ʪˮĴŻϣѸĿ׸
ϣɿ, һֱ͵ɳڣһ, ڵϡղΪȽŶԵʹ˲ҹ־񱻻һһֱʹСۡ۵䡣
˹ֳһץ, ߬һֵǹ⡣͵⣬ϣƣ̲סüͷ
ôôأ
˵أϣԼ֣޵ˮ⡣̫, ʧѪͲ˵ˡıƬҧö¶ͷˡ⿴ͷƤ, ԽԼ
˹, ָһ΢, СĵؽӽƤ΢Ĵ, ˿Χѿ, Ǳ˴žͲ
ô£ϣʣͷŹѿӦñ˴˽֯˿ڰ
ⲻͨĴˣ˹˵, ϴұͨ˺ҵı壬񡣵ʱڻУûжơ
Ǿûˣϣ㵵̧, ˲˿Ժô¶Ű׹ǰɣֳҪ, ֻҪָ׬ȡСַ֡ôϸõ, Ϊ÷ֶİ
Ȼ, ˹ʧЦʱҪ㣬Ҫ졣
ϣ㱻
˹Цһ£ôСҿղе
ǲû취ƴһѿܾԶˡ
ȸѪֹס˹һθ˿עĤ
ɽµҷǣŮɫĳҷ裬˹նཻ֯ʱĸо
˹˿ڣëᶯ˶Ϊʲôָҽˣ

ϣϹŸɺԵۣȵ̧ۣǲǽǡ
ǽǣ
ȻϣüǾΣһҲѪɿҲ޷ѹѽ
˹ƤһźЦһ£ǾͺãҰ׵ˡ
㵣ʲôϣʡ
һռұ˰˵
Ŷǲܣֲϲ㡣ϣıԷݺһ£Ѫʱӿϣ۵һš
Ǹ˹ǸЦ㲻ϲ̫ˣһʱʧ֡
ϣ
Ĺâʧϣģ˿ɺˡǲѪˣɺԵѪ˿ڣűĤܿ¶ĹͷѪ⡣
˹һɴ˿ڲס죬־͸ǰһ°̺ۡ
̫ˡϣ˵˵
˹ǻȥɡ㲻ǻп𣿡
ԡпΣҪȥ˹ȡҩҪ棬Ҫȥء
ҹɫŨ˹صҡŮƺûз
ϣһӱѾ賿ˡֽﾹȻŴ˾ŸСʱоȥ˰뱲ӡ
˹ŹǷһͰϴҰռˡ±ӣԡˮ˯
ϣڴϣȻƣǴСnѷֽһ¡
СnʮֵĺøֵһssrңԼ
ȵȡϣüûǴĻ˶ʮֻäСôʣôأ
ûСn˵˶ʮֵ֣õ˶ʮ֡
ֵõˣ˭ģϣû뵽񣬵һ¶ʮ֣󷽵е˰ɣֱһʾ޿
Ǻ˹ŶСn˵
룬
ϣգգëȻǺøֵøҲֺܶ֡Էڸлͷɡ
ԣôֺһߡ
ϸ룬ʵЩҲ˰Ǵһ컵Ը˳ԲǴɱܸعԡ
ͺ˭ûƵġ
ֻһѣϣеǳáһɣ˯ͿʼϮܿͽ롣
ûһͷˡ˻﷢΢ܵߡ
ΰ֮䣬ƺֻصԭ硣
޴¶ӫĻǴɫ۵ߴ󡢿Ϲν顣Ȼ½أǴδϹǴ˹
ϣǾϲ̸Ļ⡣Ϊͬ˹ԵøζֽܱĲɷãҲϤڵ˽ֵĻĺ󹬡Ͼ˵ﶼŹ
ͺˡ˵ֻϲ㡣
Ҳϲ㡣ڱϿġ
𣿶ԣǲְͬɣ
ȥ
˵أϣ
ϣ
ϣ
ߴͳɤϣԺۣͫӳ˹ӣֳС
̫ػ˻Դͷϸо΢СůʪӦʪ־ɣȻˡĸþʹ߸ðʱʮСʱ
˹΢΢üΪʧѪ࣬Ϊϵ˿ڣҲó֪ģӲաûҷӵءǼһھͺˡ
ϣ֪Ǽһָǹ񡣿ϧһۿʲô
ûϵɳƣϢһͺˡ
ҪҪҩأ˹ʣҩ
Ҫ
ʱڵҽֶʮ󡣼ͥͨҩСƬ˵ζʮֲҡС༲ʪ÷
ʵ溬ŴкҩɷֺһĹһܺõ£˵ˡ
˹ƺҲûʲô취ֻţ־
ôһ˹ͻȻ˵ղ˵λˡ
˵ʲôϣеš
˵ϲ𣿡
ף˵
š˹ͷ
ϲ𣿡
ϲ˹Ц˵
ϣ
Ȼ̬
ʵؿͷϣʳϲˣܽʵġ
ǳԵϣЩ⣬Ǹϴ
˹ɴ۾˭˵Ҹϴ𣿡
ǰɣ
˹Щֱ۲˵
ҪƽϣҲͲˡͷԷʶ𲻳ɫ׷һ䣬ϰɣ
˹زƤԲ֪ˡ
ôԣûѽϣͷԺػӦҲûСҼǵϴһܵϴſڿһۡ
أôôһȥˣ
˹ᳶǣ´̻
һ΢ϣо͵һʲôϣֻ
תͷ˹ߣϰ¶ţ°Ǿ޴ĺɫβ
ӼߣĿĵͬʱ֡ȲìҲΥ͡һ𣬼ԸˣɢһΣյĽɸС
˹ץַԼǰ˵
ϣ˲ѡֱؿڣֱͬʱİĴаΧţһ
˹֣ŷơ޼ɵضдŵ㳰Ҳҡ
Ƥ»źϸһǽʵһ׸ⶼûС
βĽʱϣ֡ϴ˹ͳ£ҵβͣЩƬ֪Ϥ㣬ԺͲҧˡ
ϣ°ȥЩɫƬȻԹԵŲϸ壬ܹ⻬ֲôġǺָСƤҪ
ƣɫҲʼҡϣоβƺ˱仯ôȣЩ궯ϴһʱ˹͵ذסͣ¡
ˮɫŨɳƵò񻰣ĵط
ϣ˲ˣЩȣȥˡ
˹ᴭϣԼţԼ°͵ͷ֪˰ɡ
ʲô
㲻ɲ𣿴ǿԵġ
˹ƽ˵㣬Ϣôңٶȹν飬ȻΪҿԱɸ̬Ȥ´ҿԱӸ
ղһŵذסֲˣƽ˿ʼţˡⲻǿиԷǺǸΪϴˡ
ðŮЦ˵´˾ڰɡ̬Ĳʹ졣ɡ
˹΢΢۾סһק˹ĳǽˣҲ𣿡
ֻŮ۵Цţޡ
˹΢ֺЦһɿ֣ˣҶҪˡ
һŶСn
ףӵģϣɻʡ
ĵطʱӵġҵʱ´㷢ӣûСnٺЦ˵
˵ô˵һֻͶģȻֻġ
ǸǸôѽСnܼʡ
ʲôô
ѽǸҽͼĵط
ŶǸѽʵûûסҵ𣿡ϣɨһ˹β͡βָ˹⻬ı棬ҡţһѴӡԵеƬҲԲκζ塣
ôãϣͷֿʼѱϡۣܿٴ˯С
ɫû˹Ӱ
Сnأ
֪ղųȥˡ
ϣеԺ˯һ˾񣬷´ǻļûôʧѣϮϣȽŷæסǽ
Ҫȥģ£ʮСʱòʧ
źڣҵøϽȥ棬Ȼȥҩߣȥء
ۣ̫ҵˣǽͷ㡣
ϣûСnгһǳɫȹӣϲñͳһƴĴ
е㻪ִԷһжŶһƷʹϺʹ߻޷κĿڡҲڣҲţ·ҲӣԶҲ졣ʱΪһСʱ
ǴäĶûʱȥصĶװˡѴºЬײϱȽϷ㣬Ҳ˵ע⡣ĪĸãһСʱӦúܺöԸɡ
˵ãҲûˣôûð
СnûŻˮġ
̫ˡϣžԼճ죬ˮ͸ľ£ȥܺ۸ӡ˰յĺȥһ㡣ž𴽽ǣȥƺС
뿪Ů͸ܲ˿˿ѾȥѧԺˡȻ˦һҪ˦ӿεɡִó򱸺־ƹݵķʻȥ
Լõĵط̵ö󡣡ھȥ𣿡
ϣеԥ֯Ŵʻ㣬һˣе֡˶޷ֻԡ
Թ𣿡ʡֶ˺ˣǻһֱ㣬ֱ˥ǶʦԲҪġкܶʦԹ֮Ķ
Ϊϣʱ޷ԸԹ꣬ҪҰѱ𣿡
Ŷϣе㾪ֵҡҡͷǧҪͼѱ˵ֱ֪˭αװҡΪ˱鷳õİ취
еɻ󣬵ҲûʡɻġͷʾԼˣϣģȥ
ϣ뿪½˹Ҹȥ

˹ڻ԰￴顣̧ͷſڿȥ
Ůǳɫĳȹſزñպ˵ܽȥʮг
ʱ˹Ǵϲ׽һĨĳ졣
岻𣿡
ûвһҪ˵ǽеȡϣʮȻȡñŷ磬ѹɴֲ
ҵҩ𣿡ʡ
˹ӿڴȡһ̵ָˮƿװغɫҺ壬ðһСݡ
һԺͻῪʼЧ ƿݹ
ôܻŹֵ÷ֻ᣿ֻһССnСrһ
ñӷϣȥƿӡڽӴһ˲䣬ָڶԷֱëᣬһ
˹һ½ȩ̈۲̲ؿ
ŮЦ˵˹ˣɱڵˤˡ
һ֡
ϣֺסƿô鶼鲻
̧ۣ˹⵭ؿ
ŶлǰɣŵϣأԱ󲻸Ҷ
ΨһȫִӶͳһ̫״Ľ롣鱦ҳġûʲôʱ׼ҲܱǸ
Ӧϲ̫ɣ
˹ûȥ롣ְļ磬һתȥ
ɴ֣ô⧲ر¶ˡ
Ŀⶨڲһɴϣ˹üȥץˣ
ôܣֲе˶ġϣ˵תŮ·ٶҷˡҲСȥ͡
ҿ˹̧֡
ϣԷһʹɴʧıϳ˿ڵæֳءΪ̫˿ѿˡ
鷳װµӣΪżɴһ¡ҸѧĻҰɡ
˹Цһ£аɣҡҩƿڴ
ʮָлҾͻؼϣЦӯӯ˵
һ¡
ʲô
֮˹˵
ۣԭװҲأʮֻ֡
ϣż⣬ɿڶԷһģĽëգգ˰ɣ
šǺĻش
һŶСnǱ¶˹һ
ϣЦһ£ñתʱĿɨſӰʱһ
˹վ֪˶á
һҩ˺öط򵽵ġϣʲôÿҩһݡкҩͷʹۡҩĸҩ
ȥû뵽ͲڡѰζҵ͵Ǳ˵ӡ
˹Ƥϣ
Ƭ֮𴽽ǣЦݴ
治ˣﻹһҩʦءôҲҪˡ
ɿ֣Ӧء


27 
Ӧ, ʮСƿӴеֱˤˣųһذɫСҩƬ
ϣ΢΢һ֪˹ΪʲôһͲӰԭǸҩȥˡ
Сn
СnԲ, ˲ġ㿴һ˲䣬Ҳһſ
, λһҲûҸѣȷַӱץ
, СnգգۣصǶ˺ѣΪʲôҪأ
Ϊйͺڰ񰡣ϣЦӯӯ˵, , ˵, Ҫըëˡ
˹ض, Ĵһֱߡ
ϣǿٵС˹˵, , ġתܵ˹ߣûˤҩƿشסֱۣõЦ, ԭѽҶұ鲼ˡ
˹Цܹ磬ңҵ
ϣɷ˵ߣٽ͡
߳ŵʱ, ʶ˹Էֱ, ͷס˴󲿷ֵ⡣ӰȫںӰ, ɫֻһֱ, ģĬģЩ⡣
ƺֻģоĲֶǸԱλݡ
ֵ߳˹ԾҲ˵ΪʲôջġΪҩҩʦΪȥǸࣿ
ΪƹܽӺֻҪۣ˹ȴΪŮָҩҪ
ԼǰΪСۣ෢ᡣ
İʲôԭµأ
˹죬˼һ£ֽ緢¡֮ʱϣѡ˺Լķʽ
ʵȫ뿪ᱻԶֽû鷳ûߡµȷ𺳵ǻԭŻһϵзľٶ
ԣһԼҵ˸ɡȻԷ⣬ҲûҪˡ
Щ˹⽥ƽûбҪڲˡ
㶼ʲôҩϣͷȥӡղΪ˶˹Ĳ鿴ѿ˿ڣӿѪҺȾɴ
˹Ƴһаһ䡣ոõľѸԺСĵץ֣һ߲ɴһôûҩʦ㻻ɴ
ֻϲһΰĺʲôᡣ
ŮϹŲõЦݳάƯ۾ϲĴһ
˹ͷɢ˵㣬Ҳô䡣΢΢һǣôĨ𣿡
ᵽ죬ԺͻȻֳϣҩʦĻ档ɫٴ촽õֱߣһ˫ˮɫûʲôؿ
ôˣ
ϣգգۣתתҲе̫˰ɣǺ񣬴󺣾ôĥ
Ѫˡͼɢע
˹ͷǴų˭˵ҪϲܽǣϲǸҩʦ𣿡
ǲǰ࣡ ϣһغ
ࣣ
ţûôʽһһָлϣ˵˵
˹Цһл𣿡ɿصͷĴһ¡
ɢʱŵһе̫˲񫡣һȦɤЩɳƣˡ
ʲôΪʲôҪ㣿ϣһ㵡
˵ǸлҰҩ㻻ɴϸ㻻չ㣬Ϊʲôܵõһࣸлأ
ϣ򴽣ûûз֡
ղõһŶСn˵
ףĪĴŶ
ǲס·߸˲һԲÿζ䷶
ŶУΪϣܾû˵꣬˹ס°ͣɿصͷһġ
ʪǴһԵϢһĴϡϣֱˡƫƫٶȻϣĶ֡ÿζ־ͳԿ
˹ЦҲûףֻҵһݡ
ټһŶСnе㼤ΪѾʮˡ
СnĻϣáղŻѾЦݡ˹ı֡
ϣ˲ٸ˹ԺߴСn
õĺõģңеֶСnĿİͰ͵˵ɤżĿ
ڰɣСnͬѧ
㲻һֱnԱĺȣСn˵ssrһˮġ
ҵssrϣЦ˵
Сná
СnѷŽϵͳһ˶ķۺɫʮֻ֡΢֣ڻɿʧڿС
ϣʶסȴż֤漣ʱ̡
ӹȥ˹ɴˣСnﶼ·
𣿡ϣʣǲǸýСrˣ
ǸǸСnеΣϵͳҪ죬ڻСn
Ŷϣʾ⡣ô춼ȥˣҲˡ
ڻؼ𣿡˹ѾȫҪ뿪ٵ¡ǳãоڲסһꡣ
˵һȥϣ;ͷٴЩ
˹һĶͷôộ
ûʮСʱϣ˵
Ҵɻȥɣ㿴ҩĸáãȥ򡣡
Ȳáϣ̵˵۾ŲԶСƹݡøϽȥˡ
룬ȥǸСƹݽһϴҡָһ¡
ȥ˹˵
á֣ҡϣ˵
ΪԵøȻһ㣬װװͰ͵ӣ͵Ŷ
˹Ц뿴ǹĿ͵͵
ϣЩƳһۣſ첽Сƹȥ
߽ƹݵһɲǣһۡ˹һô׳̡֡
ϣͻȻ˹еЩǸϾպˣת̤֮·֪Ժӭıꡣ
»ͷ۰ɡѺڰǱߵһ㣬Ͳֻͷˡ
ϣ߽Сƹݵϴңӡе㻪ִСͳװáó˹ҩ
ɫðݵҩȥе㲻Һȡ
򴽣Ťƿ۾һཹðҺʹܽ˺
ҩǣʲôѸƤӡܿͰ˰֪ϿʼЧˡû˷ʱ䣬ѸͳصĴ뿪
˹˺ܾá
ʹϴҵʱ仹Ǻ˽⡣ôöȻǳ⡣
˼߽ƹϴҵţӦ
̧ãûӦеɵüͷܵðȥģǴֱؽŴˡ
ʮӺ˹Իصβҡ
û뵽ϴҺһˡˣϣλõζϴҡֲһֱ档ͼѰλãǹζʧˡ
ʧˣΪʲôʧأ˹֪û˵аѪҺεķ˭أ
ԺиֳҩʦеСƿӡ
˹ԽԽ䣬ûôһࡣһµࡣ
û취ҵϣϴ﷢һ㲻ѰĶ
Ͻ֯ǳǳħߣʹ˴󡣶ԸֶǶ˵ֻҪʹͻ켣һЩ켣ҪŻʧɫ£ᳬСʱ
ôȥˣҪʹô
ƿҵķţоʹ߸˹ȵ۾ͫӳɳűֽŮӡ
߹ȥһקֽ߱ϣ㵵̧
ûϹ˶ǹԹԵػؼҡ˹ջ˲ʱˡʼϣôؼǲΪ̫ˡǸ죿
ΪʲôԼ͵Ȼʵȴô䡣̧׼һĶͷղա
ϣЩشһ˹Цʣѽòϰ˵ԹꣿֲҰѱ㡣Լ
˹΢ϸϸһ£кܴĲϣ¶ôƦƦ顣ȫȫˣҲƭƭϤˡ
˹ɫ˭
һˣ˵óαװʦǸҲ֪ϰʲôʱһҲ޷Թ겻ţྲӣ
˹䵭ɢ˲ѹֺ⡣
ĬãڵЦаɣҾ͵ɡ
úõĵȡ

ϣ߽谵ĹԢϴ½ǰ죬ؾǺҹ
Сnһʱ䣬ѾϾŵʮˡʮӾҹʱ䡣ʱһؾͻΣյʱ̡̺ŷḻĿںڰлֲаÿ·ʳɾ
Ҳ֪ǲǹԢΪʡǮֻһ¥һյССúơ
ϣ¥ߵ¥ȻԽһһ¥΢⣬ǹ߷ǳ谵ڶķ䡣ƽ׾ҵǽأȴôҲš
ڤڤ֮ԽԽԶָо޷ݡȻ֪෿䡣һ־ͿһšôһСС޷·߽У巽
СnǻִĸÿʼˡҲκζĿڡҲȡƣҲ޷ҵţղŵ¥ݿҲҲˡ
СnɰͰ͵˵ϵͳУʲô費һӰˡ
ϣüͷٹһʮˡԼȻ޷Ӻѡ˫Ȧ״¥ﺰ
ǵģе㶪ܱǿ

ûлӦ
ȻӦûڤϴβ֪ǴʲôӦӦʲôҲˡ
ʱһһֵšϣϳԸַ¥Ū޴춯ͷ·һûõ
ˡԶ졣ͳƳάɿҹʱ̡
ͬʱϣоر䡣ЩΣյԤСĿƳһƬڣӡѪɫӰӣͷ·ѹ⽴ˡ
ʲôܵʲô뵽˹̹ǵʱ׬֣ûкܺõϰ
ʲôţ𡭡ڣ
ûȫı󣬲֪ʲôʱһƤ԰׵͸СŮСŮŽͷƤĳܷ࣬ĵע
ϣȻһͷƤ˲䷢飬ҲؾͺһѴССŮСܹâ΢С̺Ĺ˶Է
ϣСŮļ䡣
СŮŤӲдƬƤ䡣ÿһͻ۳һµСŮʮʮֵ¶Ƶļ
ϣŴӿڴô󡣵ֺܹ⻬ĴӴϲҲڴ
аǼųС˲ʧڿСϣһƬհףԷٶȿ쵽޷Ӧϰٸָһ˲䣬һɴһһĻ
˹ϴŶյĺȻǴǧ֮ڤڻëƤס
һֲֿ״ϢɢղŻĿСŮǼֱŵɢ棬Űڵϡ¸а׷ײŷſڵأʣƺˡ
ɢϢаǸ֪վǰǱ֮ڤĴߣ֧
סϣôȻ֪ס˭˫־·̧İĹ¿ɫΨһ֪
Ŀ⣬ְԼﰴöʵظסаɢմƤ
ϣؿؿڣҪ˵߾ʹļСҵķźͻȻһ§ס
󣬷ͣϣͷڸǵĶƿȼƻСһƯ컨ϡ
̧ͫӳڰӡ״Ưһۣеɢе
Ҹղųȥˣ֪ƺܵŵе̫˵ŵúᡣ
ЩһѾȫˡ¥ﰲյϨĵƣͲˡ
ϣŤͷɨһȡаȻȫʧˣҲ䡣ǿţǺںڵǽڡȻִĸûڳ
ǣǽɡС˵ǶӰˡ
ͷɿȥϣæȥסĸ첲
ƳһۣΪں¡ߵſͳԿ״ţϣ۳ҪʧںڰУæ˽ȥɫǽ˲£
Ϥķ䲼˿ʱҲȥˣȰѸõʱ䰾ȥ
ѵתϣŮźɫĴ£һͷڷˮһ󡣶ͷЩ亹ӦǸղűųġ͸Ųĳ죬ȥƺˡϡ
üһ뿪һβ˲ϻźصɴȻ鷳¡
㡭ûѻ˵ڣŮһƵشϣҽһ¿ӺҲۡ ָۣͣڴ¿Ħ
΢΢һĿͶɴϡȷʵϸĶ
֣һһµĿӡϸĲ¶һǳɫvȹӡŴµİv´Ƭѩ׵ļԼȹϸ۵Сȡ
ᶯ˶ᣬٿøһ㡣ϣ֣ʣµԼֻðַ
ӣϣ̾ǱȸղŸΣǸٰҰѸ첲óҲˡ

Ҳʲô˼


28 
Ҳڵ˼, Ҳ첲ȥĵطǿֵǸڣ·ǸͨͨҲ
ǵģ֪, ʵˡ
Ѵѵ, ַԼĽҲѥӵĿˡ°ξͿļ򵥶, øޱȡڸйصһ, ˴š
ǣְֻЬӡ
ůڿȴչֽĹ¹ˡ
ڴºѥӶѵ, о䡣Ϊûôʱ任ȫףڴ洩ȹӡȻһԼʵʵһСʹһģ
ǰѱ¯ɡЦŶ˵, 첻ձ¯һ¡˵ȥ¯ǯ
һ룬תңҲ¯Ŀڡ
ŮƵĿǻȴǽεε
ЦһôҲ¯أ
ϲӣûдĻԣ߹ȥ֡
ϣĬĬذѻǯ, öԷ˳ΪϹˡ
ûǯľͷŽ¯ȼ¯𡣺ܿ죬ͮͮĻ罫¶Ⱦȵ䡣ϵ˪ůˮΡ
ϣŻ磬ֱۣ䡣
Ÿðĸ, оٴη
롭ȥһɡ
ڰһǸ, ȡ֮޵󡣴ģ˼, Ҫȥһ, ɵӶʲôɣ
治ǡѾյûˡǻãϵ˿Ҳһۡ
СҪûʲôɷԵġ
õϣȥǼֺٴɵۡҲӵڡ
ǵģ֪ꡣ
ӣ
noֳʾĻǾ˵ġԷǹĻû˵˵ʾĻʾء
ܾתϣ˫۵ſڷϣܵرۡ
üϣ״̬ϤΪڤ֮ÿ춼ῴܶ˲ĥˡǵϻʾһߣ֪˭Ҫڤ
ϣӿȥûֵǣߺܱһ㶼ûбմȾĺۼ
ַĶͷ·΢⡣
ϣоۣΪ̽ͷ¶ȣûһ룬ͻȻֳһֻɫĻʹƬɫƬ
ŵ˲ֱ
ʲôʲôͬʱһɻһɤžš
뿴ԭ򡣡͡
ϣգգۡ
˹ҪжϣֱӰӰĺ˼ƹҵר
˻һۣɫôģƺĳֶƤ˵ԭ𣿡
ۣһ¾Ͳ³˴š񲻻ϲ˵Ƕġ
ϣ죬ٵؽͣǸɫĽлϴõġҲСϴˮˡǿƤ֪ģԽȥ˵Сˡû취ѡ
΢Է¶첲¶ȵȹӣȥȷʵѡȻ˭촩·أôҪʳÿҪҪһԣҡͷԱĬĬؿ
ǾĻԣҲҲϲԡصĸǶֽڰʡӡҲһɣǰʡ
ûöһΪԽʧûǮ˲ȱٴֹչ
գգëڵ·
Ŷ
ţʲôϣȵ̧ͷʲôûءĪ֡ȻǼ˵£ûаѿصĸо˺ܲ
ִһ۶еµϣʵ
Ϊʲôȥţ
ΪҲӿڡ
ңе˯šϣ˸ڡ
ӣȻǶŶġ
ѿα˵Ҳˣʲô
ʲôʲô𣿡ϣӿ顣
ɨ˷һۣƵģɾһ̻ûСһ̰ɡѾҹˣ̶ˡ
㲻صģһ͡ȣһʶˣԸϲʲô
ĶʹˣϣҲȷʵͦġϴ½ʱó緹ˡ糿ûԹûȹˮ
š˼һ£̧СʣԵ𣿡αװǸˡں⣬Ϊ˲費
Цһ£Ůֱɰ档ȻԣصõһʹëЩǮ㡣
ϣеصõʹëصëǿ󲻵Ķϡݵĺ޶ëһס
ţ룬Ůͷһ˼СԲ֥ʿţ⿾«ŨҪ;ͺݮɡ
ԡӿڴóһƤֽ΢һֶһ֧ëʡ
ϣ˫ֳд룬ڵ
дԺƤֽëͬʱʧϣ뵽һ⡣Щʱ䣬ʦ˯˰ɣ
˵Ц˵ԣǾͲ˯
һ㶼ġǶʹȥͷ۵ġԼ³ȥůĴϾӣġֻҪʳС
ʮԺ󣬷űˡ
ᶯָԶˡ
һźɫ۵Ů˽ͷźɫʯζ׹ޡ
ϣⲻϴβĺŮαװĶʹȻʯˡ
ĳ˶ʹ˭ؼְˡ˿
ԭĻǱʹϴڲԽ𷢵ֹһͷڷںڰߣôɣ
عΨЦ߽յڰıļˡȻǸʹյġǲӰ
ΪʹΨһŮԣҶʮֿݡͷС£˸ԣеõӴڰĻᡣ
ǡ
Ϊʲô￴һϤأ
⻹𣿡ssr˵ӿַһ̣͸֪ڰ˭
Ϊûֽڰֻѡ硣
ˣͻڤŶҲһҲصԭʱաssr˵ˣˡῴߡ
߹
زģװµӴӿڴͳһľСڴ򿪸ӵʱƳһϣϸŵǼʱоǿʼ鴤
ǺڰĶڤ˲֪ǳϹʲôֻ֪ǳϧٴֻΪҪĳϲŻó
ڣϣϣ·һ̺ͨӡ
صĿƣͫ͵һ
ԷĶʵʵǴµĹ⻬Сȱ¶ʲôû
͵͵һؿαϵĺڰ񡣹ֲôϺղŵļ˶ͦ
ǿɶ񣬶ԷѾŪϴˣȴڤһĻᡣ
һƵذСӴ򿪣޿ռһԲȡðĲȡ
ЩʹġڳΪʹ֮ǰǸӡžǺڰϲҰʹԭسһӵиרʹ
ڵʳںúƳһϣĺɫͻȻӿһԽСϵͳֱӻԷȴֻȾȾͷͫһӮˡԷ֪˭
ͻȻ˵ʲôѹѹ磬Ҿ죬֮Żһ¡ͷðͱssrˡ
³˭𣿡
ôܲµóأػΪԼȡһ¡
ssrЦȻûи߼ϵͳӵдϻ۵ĴԺѵǡЩ°ɡ˶ٿ
ðɺðɡز̫Ըջ˼
극ԺҲûɣֻȥ
˭ϣʡ
һʶˡֻҹʳ˵
ŶϣЦһ£ؽչ̫ءõϢ̰ȤתƵϡվѲ;ߺͲ̸ڵúúõģѶ׼Է
ڷŵĲ;ߣ⸡ֳһ˿͡оһԷȻûмˣ۲Щ޾ġģܰģ˴˷ʳ
һ֡
ۣȻǵ÷ִ󻧡ֻҪһС¶Է㡣Ȼǰһ磬ǱҪĴ̫ÿһܲҡ
㣬Ц˵ղ߷ֶھʮ֡ԵԲΪֹȥţ⣬ôʹ޷ŪʳͻȻʶӶҲǿڵһֻ֡Ҫǿھͻرա
ô
üֱ߸֪ȱ̬
ôˣһڲԺƣղŻŶ
⡣Ҿر㡣ϣʮָЦӯӯ˵
ҵģ΢΢һûжӵݹȥ
Ŷ˵ҵĲӲһݸҡŮŴŴ󣬴һСľ
ŮССļģһ˫۾ˮתգ־̵Ľë˵ʱû˭ܾܾɰҲ⡣˳ӵذ˼Ūһţ⡣
ϣ΢ЦŰѲӺţ⻹ȥøεε˵ιҡ
֪ܿɳܣҲǿڵһ֡Ҳ죬ֻܰ᳹ס
Ҫ΢΢е㾪ȣϸ˿Է飬ȷûпЦЦһ£ܲһΪʲô
Ϊĸá
ﲻһأŮЦӯӯʡ
˼һ£飬񱱵صŮ
𣿡ϣ׷ʡ
ûвá˵ôҶϲ
ϣɫʵΪҵˣûԶҺһ㣬ô˾Լˡ
Ƴһ۲֣һҰưɡ
Ŷáϣæܾ
κˣҪץˣĻ
ûа仰棬Ϊ¸鷳ȳԷɡʢʳĲƵԱ¡Ůſ̺ɰ죬ͶιЦ£໴ĳ
ţĲӣĿݵϣۺͷͣһ롣Ųӵָе㷢ȡ˴ͷĸоøԶ㡣ɽʱζ
ιϣϴĵ鲻֪ʲôָ˵ֱһֱܽιι
ָܵȡǿŮӰһ죬ͷʼͶιԺˡ
ţⱥ֭ιʮСģǲմһЩ
ҲϣоʮֲȻҵõĻһԼ
š²̺Ͳӡ
ϣǰͻȻһƬӰס°ѹ
оǱʪĶһ£֭ͱˡ
ʲôֹۣͣ
Ұشһ˿⡣
־ƽͷϣ
ҳԶŪǡƽ˵Զ
¶Щɻ󣬡ߵ˵Ů죬һҪͷϲġ
ߵˡϣеǰʹֱǹʹĶ顣ʹֶി࣬ʹж䡣⡣ˣסлڰĲԡȺһ
Ҳϲϣ̼˱Լµ.裬Դǵ˵סˣͷ˲졣
аɡ֧°ʹӦ֪ʶһء
ϣɿ֣ϢɣѾˡĸȻڳֿʼͷˡ
𣿡ʡ
ȻòһΣȻҪˡ糿ȥ򼦵ͳԡĸþȫˣÿʼʽůˡ
Цһ£ְ°͵ľѣޱȾů¡
á
ϣ΢΢һıҲŶ

ʱϣ˯װ˯ܶԷŵװӡ
ȥϴʰԼϴ£ŵشţ¥ݿȥ
еĸöʧˡ׬˺ܶøֵ鳬õ߳ԢЩʳĻ޶֡
Ԣӻꡣһ󷽿˾׼Ǯʱֿڴȫǽҡ
һ£֪ġ˳ԹŸǮ
˾ȥ򼦵ͻȡڵͷѡʱһͻȻ˹ǿֱۺݺݾס
ԭﰡ ͷһĮͳԷԹʮ㡣
˹ϣӿκˣڵ϶֪
ɣ ϢĶΪζȻֻˡ
ϣҧҧƿҩԣȻֻκ̵ܶʱ䡣
ڿ˼ôӦ˹ʱƳǰͷȻԼǺͷ۾
Сnұȥŵ
Сn¹Եһ˲䣬͵ת§סԷĲӣȥ
˹һĵķӦٶȿ졣ȻﻹŭѾܿƵӭȥͷŮĴݣְסĺ׼ͻۡ


29 
˹Ÿ˱ζ, ͱԷһƿʳ۵۷䱻ͻȻϣǼ⻹ᵽ𣬵޷õ㡣
ֵˡ
Ů޹գգ۾, ־̵Ľëڱ۾ϾСӡźɫĴ, 𷢲ڴñ, Ĺϲŵɴ, ͸ЩѪӦΪղ̫ˣ˿ѿ
˹˲ЩЩӵΪ, ٴγ
ոһͷһһ㷳걧Թ, ڲٻȻ㣬ΪʲôղŻ
Ϊ˱ϣĵСnôרҵҪϹˡֻתע
ΪܸˣԲȥֻҵ˼ˡݵؽƱ硣
˹΢ⷬʮֺ, ͻȻȷղʱĴһƬհסֻ֪ڻȷʵûпҪʲô
ɶΪʼϲˡ
𣿡
һᡣϣޱȿ϶
Ϊʲô
Ϊļֻ롣ϣ, ۾һֱŶԷķӦãȻȷֵʧ, ֪ԷĹ
ԺҪеġ˵ͼپԼжŶһϲŮ, Ŵ˿ѾĽˡ
ĵعȰ, ˣžܻһssrҡҲûϵǰ˵һ䡣
˹һΪʲô㲻أ˵ˡͻȻشһΪҲϲѽ
ϣֻ΢Ц˵
Ǹ˹˵ݻǿɰ˵Цɺݾͷˡ
Χ½ӿĿ⡣Ůڱزʲô¡˹òʵҫۡѲעĿ
㵨󰡣˹ֽϣñѹø͵㣬ԼΧȡ¸ڲϣסĽ𷢡㲻֪غϴ½˴˵ж𣿡
뿴ҩˮôжԲϣЦ˵Ȼʧˡôôҵأ
˹ЦһƵĵҩˮôסң˵ƤΪ˶ҲŹôģ
ϸҡŮ˵ΪĻɤﺬŨŨĲ
ˣΪ֮ǰҴӺŪҲŸġ˹Ҳ˵ҵʱôһûءȻ˵˭ôģҾֻһֱ㡣
ϣƳһ۲ԶĹԢһˡܵôͲɿˡ
ľͬտˮཹðżݡӷתƴѰŰ취
߰ɣ˹˵㲻һֱɣ뿪˵ǡһ΢Ծ۾Ƥ˲ڲϽ䡣ϣԽԽ塣
Ǹ˹ϣסĺ󲱾
˹ֵطŮıɫͫУӳһֻԲë˿
ʵǽɣã˱һֻë˿ʱǶʮСʱע⣬ǵԷĳͷҲͬĶʱһСʱסһҪܿ㣬öԷץסŶһ㣬Сè
äֽĳϣϣöҲôĳЩʱʱ
Ǹ˹ϣ˵һ飬˹ûӦʱȹϾһС˿۾ϡ
Բë˿ƴֻС볶˿šڵ˿ϻͦԸС
Բ𣬡ϣָСԴҾʹؼҡʱһúġ
˹ڴһҴһЩţ̡ȥһֻеȳߴһֻСƽ׹һ̹ޡһѶԢϡ
Ҿõϴ½һ군ˡСnɰͰ͵˵
Ҿй̾군ϣë˿ʱܴ˲ƣӹһСʱϣ˵ղһǸŮ˿Ѿָ侲
߲һ˹ôʱ䡣ʹһΪ˹ġԣץʱ䣬˳ءڱضһʱ䣬ڿֲˡ
ڴͣؿ񶯣ϣ֪˹һˡڴһָ˹ë궯˹ڰֻצצָ
ϣ߽Ԣ˶¥ǰšӦϵһЩֽӹȫ
Ӧýһȥ
ͳմϣ͸оԼָһšŶûϵЦ˵Ҳû뵽Щ
еĶڲϣһΪ뿪ˡ
ȥʳģһϣ߹ȥˣѽҷŽҿڴģ
ʹëõģӣǣŰɣҺס
ϣӿóȣѽˡȥһ˰ɡ
𣿡ָָǽİ
ϣתȥϷһֽŵķĶģղﻹûκζ
һۣдšƻͣչȫҵĿζڲָܿʽһäСĳиá
ʲôʱģװϲʡ
졣ش
治ȥһЩΣȻţ̺ȿ𣿡ϣһ˵һ߳¯ȥһС¯
ʲôСЦ˵ܲ
ϣ¯ӵȼƽ׹̹ޡţ̵ȥʱƽ׹Ѿˡ
Ҫ
ݸûڹĨ˼£Ľȥһƽ׹̷̵Ҳð˳
ҿҪȥһ¡վ˵ԸҺܿͻ
ȵϢ絽ϣĲϣеػش𣬡ð
ڴ˲ĲϺؿĸСצӡڿץߡ
ʲô΢΢üִƹȥڴһֻ۾ԲཡԲˣ˫ҵš
ӣ΢΢ۡ
˿ë󡣡ϣѹ£ذ˹ӹԼļϣСģȥ
ϲֶؿ˿ëһۣ֪Ϊʲôһֻצץϣͷһֻצӽ§ѩ׵Ĳоܲ
ϲϣѼõĵȡִµĽȥ
˿ëͷŤķ򣬸̧̧߰°͡
۾𴽽Ц˵Ҳͦϲġ֪ģһסܹ¶
УҲ¶ϣѼ嵰нкõƬذηŽӶȥţ̡
һжŪú˹ԣõһСεݸƲһͷǽӹֻצצס
¶Ļԥһ£԰ҡû˵꣬һֻСǰˡƬͼһɢָԡ
˹˿еۡЩգΪֻΡпܣһҪöԷһϡ
Ƴһ˿ëְĿջ
Ҫϣָ˹ͷҨţιȡ
ϣĺӣΪʲôԼ˳ˡԴֻӳ֣ϣͲٹˡ
ָ΢˼£˵ҵ˿ڻۡ

ϣ̧ۣźɫĿë£ڴ˿ڵĺۼվҿһ£ѱ𣿡
ǣû𣬵еĵطˡëµıԵ¶˳¾ɵı;ݵĸųɫĹ
ϣҪ·һæס֣¸סƳһ˹Է۳ǵķƺڸжʲô
סϴȥŹϵһ˲䣬˹̾ԡʶӱԵ˼һֻͻȻգϵë˲ըæˡϴҵķëɫ
ѵëǽɢվš
ϣƳüֱۣǼխȣ־ĶǵɫʹһٱҲ塣
Ϊ˷ֹԼɫ£ǿĿƵؿڵıȥ
Щ¾ɣԵΪܵ·ĦߡЩҩͱӲƤϡûʹⶫ졣ҲƤܰɣ
ϣë΢ָؽŽᣬûôȰժȥأô죬һܲɣ
ЦһԡⲻҾࡣһǸӵʱұӵĵض꣬ǱˮһƬʲôҴܡҲҶֻϣ˿뿪
ϣȵգգۣ˭ӵضأ
ԥһ£˵һЩҵˡ
ˣϣˣô˶һôĶ⣿
аɡ˵ϾƹͺڰˣӳĲ顣ҶءΪʧˣ͹ˡ
ûֹ𣿡
һ˳⣬󲿷ĮԹۡܵع𴽽ǣûϵѾȥܾˡκ˶޷˺ҡǾµ޼¡
ϣʣܵѻˣҲƭ㡣Ҹ˽ԺҲ¶;µ顣
ϣ˲ʲô˼ԣԵʰɣůֿġ֪һֻǴ̷֣ᱻֱɣ
⿪ϣ˿ڱɾ
ЩѿĿȻһϣҽһıȻѪҺֻҪͻҵʹҲܡ
ۣŮϸ׵ָ˿ڱԵĦȻЩۣ顣·ϣļ͵ؿչ׵·ܵƻ㣬Ưָ
ô룬ôˡ߬סŮϸ󣬵ͷϸ׵ָһʪĳǡ
ϣ΢΢һ̧ۣӦָѾڶԷĿ˱ʪĴŪһ飬æĹĵرԹϴҲ˵𣿡
ǽЦֻ˵ͷû˵ָ
ϣüֻҪп϶꣬ͲŹǰɣǸɴһȫ˵ˡû˵꣬ͱȵĴ˻ȥ
۾ëҵҵźĵ̵ָ֫ʵֱ۽סֻ⿴ֱļ͹Ķֱۼ⣬ȫĺɶɱ
壬ƿǶԷɬ˵㣬ֻ֪ܵӶᣬ֪ܿͱǵúѡһ£°̱ת
ֱо۽ᣬŻ̧ҵĴϢĴϣӿĺڡ
ǵġشԹ
ôǵģЦʣ۾ӳŮǵӡ
û
ţҼסˡ
סҪʲô
ϣôһϣԼ֮ǰҪ˵ʲô
ŶСnϲ̵ر
Ȼֲ٣ҪĲӦÿͷԡ
žһ졣
˹
ϣһֻڿʲôΣգæ̧ͷ˵ҩ಻Ϳˣ㿴˿һϵ뷨ûСİ취ɡëµݹȥ
ӹϣתҪߣ֪ǵֻӡӿһ˿ԭ̧ͷȻͬʱҲڿˡ
ϣƿϴҵţ첽߳ȥ˹ӱԵССԲĹĵд˾ǿ
ɢŴƬͰɫˮգԣ˹ʢţ̵ȥˡ
ϣͱͱ˹ֱ߱۰ͷŤһߡͻȻеЦô̵֣ôסģ
¼ϳ´£ڱصڤճпܵĻϣԴһֻè
Ҫ𣿡ϣ
š
ȥŰ֣Щĵתңһܿġ
ϣЦŵͷӻ֡
ŹʱһĿƵϵ˿ëϡ˹ƺҲ֪Ǹˣ䵭ءϣ΢΢һĨЦƺ뿴ʲôʱſ
ϣûתӴͷóʺֽڴ৵д
ʼһʱһҵǿ⡣ϣͫ׽һһͱǿ˵ϡ
˹ָԭģѹϣסһֻˮɫɫӿ籩֮ǰ󺣵ɫ
۾ɫҪ˭
ʲô
ϣе㾪ȣû뵽˹ָûΪʲô˿ë󣬶һ˭һǰ˹Ҳ
һѡЦ˵
ѣ˹عǣѻϴҽôáҲȥǲǻҪ£
ѽ
˵˹һ顣
ϣӢִ𴽽ǣ°ͣҵ˭
˹΢΢һתɫ³£͸һɺݾ
˭֪ܿˡ
סϣգǿſ죬źջԼԼûвļʣصȥ
ҵӶ£ϣԺ룬Ϊʲô˹ÿһǶλ֮أ
ôҲڸ޵мӽѽ


30 
ϣ˹, ݼ伤ҵؾ
˼˭˭ζʱԺдСn, һ, ͷ۾Ǻɫġ
ϣһ, ۡīڵͫӡ, ǰǳɫסһüΪæſ̫󿴲ϸֱһ£۾Ǳŵ, Ľë
ְס˹ĺףֱһסܵӶظ͡
, Сn
һƾ˵硣⣬Ŵڱǿεǿҡ
˹ɿϣ˲Ű·ķЩɻ󣬡ղʲô
ʲôʲôϣװɵ
ǡ˹˼һ£ָȻһ磬Ĺ⡣
ϵĺ֢, ϣ˵ϾղǸҲʲôطû
֪仰˹ĸ񾭣̷Ӧ˱ĵطЦƤҲҪ𣿡
Ҫԡ
ϣƿ, ߵ¾ǰĴֺ, һű˼ҵ, ҲõƤղǴΣ, СnѣҲ˹ֻ϶
վӣͻȻٵʲôüͷʣΪʲôûĶֵأ˰첻Ķ𣿡
ҲΪԷԵʣСnϾ֮ǰë˿ۼ֤ڰĴڡǶ޷ˡԿ۷֣͸ˡ
еԿѽϣ˼˵˹׬ˡһ֮ڣͬʱ˹ͺڰζ
СnЦ񲻻Ը֪Ϣġ鲻õʱ͸һʱڷġ
˹ڴϣֳֻ¶顣ػΧȴĵСԢ
е̫ɾˣûס˵ĺۼ뵽΢бĳʣԼСݡ
Ǹ˭ٴѯʡ
ϣӾƳһۣһȻ׽ɹѡ
˵ˣһѡ
ѣ˹ࡣ
վѴ¡Χѥӵݸ뿪ζŨ
ϣӹԹԴϣ˹Щؿôе߸ҵ֪㲻ỹҪʲôҳϵ°ɣ
ҲرϣϣЦһ£ҾǺһЩ·̫ˡ
̫ʲô˼
ǡĻû˵꣬һ΢Ѹ½ٶȿ쵽ʧصĸо
ͷת̧ʱǰһ޴ޱ˹ȵصϥڵϣˮɫ۾˼Ĺâ
ϣָͱͱźɫӴºͶѥ˿ë˿ëͱһڵϡ
˹ЦǡԲҲǳЦ㡣ΪʲôԼ˿ëأǲУǲСõԼ˰
ʵǸõˣϣ˵
˹Ц⣬ǳСĵذϥϣе㲻ƽΪʲô㴩·ȴ㱼أ
ԲĹĵ˿ëСӴʮֿɰԲ۾˹е㲻ϣˡ
гζһһ˿ëë롣ôദأס۾̼㲻ҽ⿪·ɣҾĲʹ졣ӴϵСӡ
̬˿ë󶼲Ź
ϣһСצצסؿڡ
ұɸһģֿˡ˹ҹǵ뿪طҲ̫ϣǸһȻ¾Ҫˡ
Ҫˣϣ˵
վϣŽԼĿڴ
ϣоԼһصŵȡ
СnǸɡĹĵ˵
ȷҪ𣿡Сnеԥ
ðɣһСʱٻؼҡ̫ˡҵ˹ʲôֵ⡣
һ΢ڴʱȥ˹һ㶼û
ҫᷢʹúһȥĵطҪ̫ڴҲͰءãˣҲУҲûСʱһСʱ
ʵͦǿġȻͣǹؼʱܡĸþˮ׼׵׶ΪһߡϾһСʱĶҲȴ֮ǰֻҪ⡣
ϣһƬĲݵءΧž޴Ļݡ·ȴֵС·ҲԵþ޴󣬸ԼĽŲ೤ȡ
ҪĶ˰
ϣһ߻һĵ˵Ϊһֻ˿ë޷è߻ࡣǣЩʱúҲɺˡ
ô˵Сnʡ
ϣצצʵĲݴǰߣͱ˵˹ǾͲˡ
һƬݴԱǰһ޴ĳǱϣ.˿ë˳ϴڲ￴
ϰ˵ʮ壬Ѿȫˡϣ͸ڵĹ˹ڰϵıֽ£ƺҪϢˡ
æצצĴͼԷע⡣
ӶǸ˹ʶ̷쳣˹ȥһֻ˿ëŲѹñؿצצͣ裬ƺܸˡ
˹΢΢ǡһ£תӲ˿ң򿪴˿ëߡ
ϣͳϣץסӲȥ
˹΢·󣿡
ϣɶ񡣲˿ë󣬾è
𣿡ͷһºڣ
ϣף
˹΢΢ݸƺôŴѥӵܿɰ׼ϴһýӰԾ˹
ϣоͷëȷ紵ۣͬһèʶסͷ˹С
˹ּۿסèĺ󲱾һèͱƲ˴ϴһ˲䣬èŲץӡˣ԰Уݶ϶С޽е
ϣŵɪɪ룬ƾͳèǿɿڵСɡҫĶҰèˡô
֡˹СİʲôͱèܲЦ⣬Сק˳ڲϡ¸һҡְѲ豭䵽ʹõĳ̶ȣ浹Ϲ֭
õģڰȫˡ
ϣоԼҪˡôôģȻΪɢůС豭ĶҪůˡ
ҹƺÿ˾иϽˣҹҲ᲻ɳ˹Ҳ⣬֧°ͣº͵ע˿ëȹ֭
ϣڷլˮоȡϴ½ļһȻëƤѥӺӴ¡
ѱӷ£ͼצצȥӡָʹⲻ
˹˿ëĶϵԽ͡
ԭѵ¡Ը⣬ҿ԰⿪
ϣһɿצצ
˹ûѡѴ±û˿ë컹ҪߡӦĸʦħ裬С˳Ȼôôͨԣûôá
ŽëһСĵظſӡ
ϣͻȻȤûɣùˡ
ѵϣ˺ܶࡣ˹΢ϣϵǳɫȹӣ֣ҵһλѴȹһҲǴҶߵȹӡħ𣿡
ϣͷԭϴȹӹȻҲһͬСˡڵԲ˿ëСȹһɰˡԼ̳˹̧Сȣָָϵѥʾѡ
˹Цһ£ָͷذѥӡ
ϣе㿴˹ƽĮڸǵ˺ᡣ΢¶ǣ۴Ц⣬ֱձˡ
˹ָָ֣Էǣʾ˹ȥ
˹е㲻ʲô
ϣ̧ۣôǡצצ
צе˹оŻϣ˵СԴ
ϣͻȻ뵽⻰ôôϤⲻڱص
ˣ˹عͷʱ붼ֻ˾ϡվ׼˯ÿյĹɾͺϸµʱһܡ
ߵʱ˿ë
סһɤͣͻؼҰɡ
ϣģæͷ
˹ϣңͷϣҪȥ衣ҡ
ϣ۾һצצָϴұʾһϴ
˹һ˿Ц⣬óƺһС˲Ըʿϴġ
ϣҡͷסָͷ䰡䡣ҲԸúܡ
˹ذֻצƿָ΢һྻĹâ£൱ˡ
ϣ˶ɶըȩ̈ͷ˹Ѿ߽ϴˡ
ϧ
ۣ㻹׼뿪𣿡Сn˵ٹʮӣҪȥˡ
Ŷ뿪ϣͷԼ˸λġѵõĺûᡣ
˶ˡСnٺЦ
˹߳ʱϣͫ˲Ϻصëסշ졣ֻСצצס۾ӷ϶ۿ
˹ϰ¶ţ°ų㣬һߣһëͷ
ͷȻǽɫǷǳǳӽڲɫ΢ʪĶ̷ͣµˮˮ˳źǣʧڰš
ϣϸؿ˹˵ڰǿҵĺɶɣǿ͸һɺô֮䣬ӵвʧǺʡ߹һ̳ʲôģ
˹ëһɣص÷ڰϡͷϵ˿ëü˴Сĵذ˿ë·ͷߡһ־˸ʵͷŰȥ
һ˲Ϩ𡣴볨ţʵ¹·ɴֺƻƯ񡢴ȫӨĹ
ϣоҵضһ¡æץסûйȥʧʱ˹ɺˡ
ɵüΪƽ˯ʮֵúá
ϣµŵȣ˹̺צצ̺ӱߣ̾Լ˯ƽĴ󴲡

Ӵ͸
˹üʲôڻźǼӿȻ㻹ŵζζƺŹÿŵ졣
治ôۣҲŵζͲܵˡ
Ǹᶯ˶ֱ۲Ĳ
ֱۣ
˹žۣдõĽɫͷۣͫ΢΢һУôΨһϣ.˯Ļ
ǺҶߵǳɫȹӡһϵĺҶѾȥˣ¶ѩ׵ı۰СԿԼԼĺԼİߡ
Ůۣսؿڡ۰׵õĴһ£ȾõһĺΡ
֪εʲôüë΢壬ëŨܵһĽëӵؿ
˹ᴭŲŮƺӦˣֱ۲øĳСһŲ˲䡣
˹окȻʲôը۾ڼѹĳİĲԵֵò
ǲԵģ˹Լ˵
Ŷ
ϣСnıѡ˫ۣǰһƬʵšգգëһӦҰ㾹Ȼ˯ˣһԣ˹Ĵ
ָˣϴ˹ɾ
šϣɤŴ磬˹ˡ
˹ʹۣŮĺشƤϣһƬСë΢æ̺ӸǺã𴲵ϵĳ´ϡ
úع࣬˭ģ
ǸҲ֪ϣʮָϥϡǣţһҾͱ˿ëˡҲ£ĳ·ʦĶɡ
ⲻǶ磬˹˵ϻֵ䣬Ȼʱ䲻㹻ΪĶˡ
äйȻ
Ǹ˹˵ûвֻ㡣֪һάǸ̬ôõġ
һͦȤģӱĽǶȿ˹˷ɰءŮգŨܵĽëɫ۾Ư۵ˮǣң˹˵ĻҲůء
˹գգëƺŵ˺ŵĻ㣬ķ·ƶһļ
оٶҲһı仯Ѹתȥù˸ƽ˵ϴҸãȥĵط
һŶСnСѡ

ϣڲԣس׼嵰ǰиտõեĹ֭һ޺ʢڲƿУһ
˹ˣû뵽Ȼó⿡̧Ц˵
ƺܵĸȾ˹纮ϣһ˿ҰһֱһˡЩͻˡ
ۣϣҧŲӼ룬һ׼Ϊ˹ѧϰóԵʳƺѧˡ
Ϊѧ˹ʡ
԰ǲֻ˹һŶϣһغȫ˱صĺͺ׵ġǡ
ԭ˹Цһ£ѧˡЩ飬Ϊͺá
ϣһġ
ǲ𣿡˹ֿٲһ䣬˵Ǻİɣ
ϣЦݣ֮Ҫ˹˲Ͱ𣿡
˵˹еĲӿΪʲôܽأ
Ϊұ˿ëԺܺ£ŮۣŲӵָףҲ֪ʲôˣһʱ뵽ľ˹ˡ
˹Ĭһ£ô̵ȣܹӦúܲװɣ
ʲôô̵ȣֱеԻ·
ϣЦ˵
ҲһӾʹ͹ˡ
һŶСn˵
ôӵأ
Ϊȸж


31 
, 첲¼˱顣
ƳڲԵϣ΢΢һ˹, пˣ
š˹ͷ, ҵѡ
ǵ, ǵ, Ȼ֪˭Դ˹βСҹ޵ԭרŵ
ס£״ε١ɺ, ȥѧԺѧڿõĳɼ˵츳
˭Ҳס񡱵˹Сǡǡסڣ˳ȻҲʶ˹
˹ڲϮ, СҲڡҵõ˹ıȫˡ˲
Ŀȵؿ˹Сһ֪λӢʲô
¼ĹʹǳװĿ˹ϡ²ǹĻ
۴ʻϰߣǡڹ׹ʱڲ١ָּпܵǸˡ
ڣⶰΧʹԸԵķʽ͵͵еıͥԺһûеıɳǽǵĲݡʹѡԺ֦ϡ
ǲҾ˹⡣
̺ʣλҲġʱʱ, ˽һ˹󡣲ϧһдҲҪͱ죬ˡ
Ҫ顣һϡ
ɫƵķϣдһɫĻʽ壬񷨷
ϣ˲
Ǳ鲻Ǳӽ¯վԱۿճ˻Ҳ뿪һɣ
Ȿ飬찡ϣЦ˵
ߵǱ˹ӹ, 档
ǱҼǵûͼˡϣ˵
, ͷ, Ҿȥͼݽġ֪˭˱¯ҵʱ, ȫǻҡ
ϣһ⣬Ŀ⸴ӵؿ̫ˡճɻһԼһͼݡȻСµκζ
˵һؼа̾ȥҳˡ̴Це˵
ллİ˹΢΢ס
̰ͷŤһ࣬ۿ
ְԱԶûͨʲôԸͨʹ
˹ǹĻôͳˡѪʹĲҲǲܡӴ˾סڹůУõ׵
ڸϣһۡôƯŮӡ
ϧ겻ϣĸ̥soloһû˭ȵkйˡȻСҲлΪŮˣϴ½𾴡
˹ŵһߣת飬ʰӡ
ϣæܹȥԼϴԸ˹֣ԶȥϴԼˡ
ѧǸıϣЦӯӯ˵
˹ǹ񣬾ƾϵµóʣʵĽټ˧ǮȨơֱ
ҪҪѧ˹ʡ
Ҫûϴ롣ϣһھܾ
רΪϴ봴ġ˹ͣκζˮȥһ빥£ħˮС
һĽûӦ˹ԴġǰְԱشףһΪ̲סϣϣӦԼҲܲΡ
ϣֻ񷨷򣬸ûѧϰҡҡͷ
ʧȥ˲εĻᣬû˴ĽڡֻƳ˹һۣ뿪
߳ӵʱʶߵ֦ͷϣֻСһֻͷ˵ͷǹʹЦݳһȻ߳Ժ䡣
˹񷨷
ϣһϣ˲˰ġų˹ϵȥֹ顣
СͬʱҡҡͷҪԸǿ̫˽ˡŮ˻ӽkһⶼˤúѿ
ϳ۾һܿκɡkԭΪҲϧĹڵkԣǻһУӴֻԵĽӴ
ϣһ˲䣬˹ͷûֻ̧һֻȵ§סϣ̶ڻ˫Ȧ񷨷
ֻС񾪵๶ҪƤȥˡǱκ˶Ϥζڽӽһ˲䣬֪ҶˡڣǿʼԼǲǳë
Ҳ͸ǰһˣ档a²⡣
˵Ը⽻𣿡bʣҲԡ
ʲôaŤͷ
Խ䡣
ʹ˵˭֪ʲôʱڷ𣿡
֪abͬʱ˵
ǿ̽ҹa˵ԣһ㶼û￴
˵ֻһֻ˿ëȥˡb˵ʱһذݣһǲǵ˿üĿˣû뵽Ͳ˸椡
ԣ䵭˵Ǵ
bճסˣų򲻸ҿ
ϳͷaֻ˵Ҿʹʡˣܸɰʹ𣿡
Կϣ䣬ͬ侮ʯҲǴ
ϣ֪ʹΪס͡Ѱ˹УԽԽš񷨷ͻȻ󺰣СŮˣ
ôô죿˹һֵʡ쵽Ŷܸܵ
Ϊ㱧ҡϣϸϸػش𣬴Էתϣ취
˹ЦһɿǸҸղż뿴飬ֻñ㷭顣
һssrҡСnС
һʲôϣע˲䱻ôͻȻssrң
֪СnЩõԺҲܣõÿεñҵԭ򡣡
ǲ𣿡ϣüĿƻ˹ϣȰǰ½ˡ
ҧҧʹƵۿˮ⣬ʼҭҭ
СnӰϷλľǿ졣
˹΢΢һǲǸղˤʱ˽ţΪҽסˡ
ԣ˽šϣ˳˵ŷ˹ļᡣ
ޣҪŵġĶԷ˲ָ˼˵ɾԩˣûʼء
˹ŵһԣߵߵ˫ɳ¡
̵ֻɴ۾ԥҪҪóסߡab͵ʹһۣȻԲۣİõذͶ򴰻
ϣŽţ˹ŷãĽŷϣϸϸ
ŮĽ׺ϸܰףֺͷһֿɰǣƺûˡףϣСġ˻һ¡
ҾҲ˵ͷˡϣ˵
˹ᡰšһһ΢¡ϣ̾ýůġ굽档
ô˹ʡ
ϣᶯ˶ףü̫á
˹һâϣü֪ʱҲ޼¡һҲղ˻Լܻʵڲ֪ôԸ˹Լ̧ۿԷ
Ҿúˡߵâϣ˵߾綼ͨˡѪܾޱ˳ٲͣе˵ȥˡ
˹ͣüЩ΢ƣղΪĹâϵо˴һƵۡ
ۣĿŮϸ׵Ľͣ룬糿壬ëĺ𣿡ִӽظ˽ֺ
ϵֻСӶҪɳˡ
bƴָԼ๣ʾǿҵıʹ⿪ĽƣȲʣعǲҪӭһλŮˣ
ҲôΪʹҡҡͷǲ˽kȻ֪ΪʱʲôһȷһkعؽͷЩࡣԶ鰮еġ
ϣûֹס˹ĲӣɤҲõˮ˹ˣҲ㿴Ǳ򡣡
Ϊʲô˹е⣬̧ۿŽߵŮ
ǵϣ̫˵˵ⱾعġҲϲҲϲĶΪҵѣӦվ߲С
ˣ˹º͵˵ؽѾ㻹ͼˡһ̽ġ
ҲСϣͷŶԷֻҪⱾ飬ͻ¡Ȿ飬ʹϲˡӦùͬ˲ſԡ
˹Ķ䣬ૣҪõѣôܣôⱾٵǵأ
ŮϢĻ˹ĶϲĴ磬ջ߷ۡ
˹ĿĲĴ󶨸˫ɫ۾ϡɫһʱƯ۾΢΢һ£аɣǾͲ
ϣӿЦݡ
ɿһɷͻȻӴνǱŶѾ飬ҶƵر˹űߡҳ죬ֱдŽɫּҳֹͣ
˹ɨһۣ΢΢üϣΪ̽ʱְˡ
һ룬ɫּҳＷ˳Ʈ˹ǰͲˡϣһֻޱڶ֮˵̫ˣΪԼջָ䣬µֶο
ʱ˹޷ٺˡɫּдšţֱϴ½ءֱȻʱҲҪ㿿Խ֪ͻԽҵǣʱ㽫ȫļ䡣
ȫļ䣬ǿֲϣᳶǡ
ǻҪָֹ𣿿ȥƺ˭޷ֹСnҲ񷨷ɧˡ
ֹҴûָֹ䡣ϣЦ˵ô谭عλأҪָ֮ǰ㶨ġ谭Ϊʱ䡣ӹȻҲûʲôϵ
ϣֿ֣ڻʱʶֳšžͿԻָع
ϴ½赣ġطҪСĸ˹ײϡҪץʱ޷뿪Ȼعλܻ㡣
ʧϣװϲӣⱾȻչ¶񼣣һΪֻǴ˵ȥڸʾ
˹Žʧĵطһ˼
ôˣϣЦ˵ϴ½ءļ䡣Ҫȴĸطʼأ
Ӧϴ½˹˵ھ
ҲôġϣͷϵЦݲ䣬˹ˣҵ˼ţһҪҡ˵ʵҶǰľܸȤء
ȥĶҾͲȥĶ

ϣصҡеغŸ迴Ŵ⡣ĽŲЦתղиŮͿһһ룬ʲôʱŵģ
ֻҪײһ𣬾ûϵϣ˵ײҲûϵ֪ڰŵѧԺѧϰ޷͵飬Ƹ
ûͷʼ·׼뿪
ϣ죬뿪ûзر£
ر£һ£ָλӢԹôͦرġ
ϣͷʾŽ
Ҹҵݣ˵ȻǾͬġȥеǺЦˡҪСĵ㣬ǸЦݺܲءһˣһֱû
һֱûϣʡ
ԡ
ʲôϣ΢΢ü
ôҾˣϰ塣ų˸ǡ
ȥĶˣСnܿ𣿡ϣʡ
޷壬֪ԶСn˵
ȥˣϣﷺһɲСܵһص˹û취ٰӺŪһΡ
˼ʱͻȻӵһĻ˸ûüͷЦǸմӺ׻е
ϣתع߹Цǲһ˹Ҳˣ
ΪʲôͻȻ˹أϣϴЦݣ۲飬֪ڷԺصĺףǻص׺ŷˡ
˹֪ҹȥΪȥܸˡ
ͻȻӵϢϿȷͻҸϻȥ¡ҿɲ˹Ѫζ;޴顣
˹ϣ۾ϴЩ˵ʲôʱҿڴ뿪أһ׼ȥҵء
˵Ҫҵ·Ҿ뿪ˡ
ôôأ˹ʣұһֻʱһ޷ôҿڴѵģʵһֱ벻ͨ㵱ҴӺЩֵļҵСС
ɫƽעܴȴʹұСһȥֽĲܰ
ˮɫ۾峺ϣһľ
ԣһֱߵɣ
Ȼ˹ֱյøűѹе㴭ŮЦɵĶ˵Ҿ뿴ʲôʱϲҡֻϲһˡ
ϣ΢΢һһЦݡ
ˣҲǡ


32 
Թ, ϣصóıʼǡΪϴ½ͱûüϻһȥϵġ
һһκҵˮ, ˮϵħ䡣ٻǿˮʹγһסˡκҵϰԸ, ÿ÷ˮ¼
˹Ƴһ۱ʼ, 𴽽, ȥҵרѧ𣿡
ѧϣͷҲ̧, ̨Ĺ⣬һһ
n, Ӧϳһ롣˹ָʼǡ
ϣͣһ£̰˹˵ĸȻʶ, Ҳ֪û˱Ⱥˮϵ
, ˹, ָôԸõط
һСʱԺϣָָϸˮ˹߶㶼û, һ֣ˮͱ˻䡣
Щˮģϣʡ
ӿ, ýˮԴǵˮ˹˵, õ£Խʶһǡ
˹Ҳ˵Ļõ¡ϣЦ˵, ͬһ԰óɱЧ𣿡
˹ͷͬزһ, ֻõ¡ͬ, ʦ˹ó, ڰһó
ֶԸ˵ϣЦʣôڰ𣿡
ǳᡣ˹˭ϲأûȥڤž䡣κ鶼ϲһɭɭļһҲϲġ
ᰡϣЦݡڰеĺɶɣԸбҪǲ빴ݡֳζ˭볢أ
ˣҿѾѧˣʣһĵҵˡҪæ𣿡˹ʡ
ϣ̿ҡͷû׼ʽĲϡ
ҪʯͺûΣСʽҪƬˮ֪Ҫʲô
ûϵ˹°ͣЦ˵аֻˡ㲻׼ʽҲУҪʲôҾͿ̻Ӧ㡣
ɤһ˿ɳƵĵͳ繡ˮɫﷺϸĹ⣬˵ǡ
ϣʱΪʲôҶ˵ֻҪԸ⣬κϲãΨһǣ˭ϲ˭ϲ
ǲҪˡϣת򿪳룬óϴʣµĲϰûڰ񲻸ſժıʼǣѰһЩ
ͬڻûоҵ֮սҲûΪٶʧȻİϴ½غͺЩзлһЩأࡣ֮١
ϣüűʼϵ֡ˣ䡣̫֮ļ֮Ȩ̲֮
֮Լֹˮոս֮񡢷򱻺ڰɱʣǻۡƸˡ־ò˥
Ҫ飿
Ӳϰ﷭õ徫͡챦ʯһ¡ִӻƿȡһʵõ廨
еĴ¡
費Ҫرܣϣúʽʡ
˹ЦһرʲôΪٻƽҶΪÿʱÿ̶ǧǧ˲ͣ˵ö˵ġ
ҲӲӦͽ𣿡ϣʡ
ĳһˣ鲻һԸѡһ㲻񽵡
񽵾ǿгһĴ۾Ǵһ
аɣһҵˡϣӣôСˮעһ˿ˮ̻һȦɫǿʼ¼Ӱ˼ˡ
ϣɿˮˮ˲ʱƯڰС
˹ֱۿ䲻ʣҵ𣿡
ᰡϣվڲúõԲȦмûлͷ񽵴AͨӦBûлӦC
˹ûпɷµ˫ֽգִӿ˵ӣͳһɿݵõ廨ǰ죬ֻҪͿ񽵡
˹ָŻתţЦһǼһʧˣήˡֻض˼õ廨ͻȻϽָõ廨ĩ
ϣѾľһӦļûСҲÿô࣬ôһһӦأôˡ
׼ʽͻȻõ廨ꡣԵͻȻһֻɫ۾ڿС
ϣһû뵽Ҫʱ񽵡ͷȥ˹Σƺ밮档
ָæĿƻذ۾ĵشֻ۾ʵЩ㲣ͫﲼ˺Ѫ˿ۿͨſ޹
ٻң񷢳ɳƵʻĿ͸һ˿ɻ󣬡㵽죿
죿
ʲô죿
ˣʲôϿʰɡƵ˵һ鲻õӡ
⣬˵Ըϣʡ
ԣ˵ԸҲСƳһŮ۾ͻȻӿ˳ȤĹâۿҲôˣ¶һ΢Ц
ڿе˹΢΢ۡ
ϣԸȻĿ꣬˹ɲ˵
룬˸Ըӵһİ顣
Ҳ룬Ц˵йͬ㡣ʲôأŮ
ϣ
Ī˹Ӱӿֳ︡ĮضŰ۾
ɫ۾ͫͻȻ󣬽ëŵգգѽ˹۾ɤʱͬС
տλ˵СʱĪΪĴˡǺ˹ǻʲôףλСѾˡ
Ҫƴһƴƫƫ뵽ԷӵзḻĶԸߵľ飬̺ͫ˵
ղǸѽ㿴ˡ ĪѸٽ빫ʽĻشƳһ˹ֿƻصϣϣȻİ֮·ȽϿ
ϣظһ顣
ԵģĪգգۣθ޷԰ΡǺޱᱻ
Ŀ³ء
ûʲôȵķ𣿡
ѵͷԡ Ī˵ߡѡһ׵ʵˡġ
˹Цһ
Ī˸ۣ֮˵죬ƭ˵Ĺסͺˡѡʵˡ
Ż£ɫ۾žһʧˡ
ģϣתʡŵ׵֮Ϩ𣬵ϵĻҲʧ
Īӣ˹ЦϲŪЩʵĳ
˹
ðɣðɣŪġܾǰҴõһ죬ǿٻٵĶϣҵȡø߷֣Ծóˡ
˹Цͷûи㣬ͻȻô۾һŵ˰ɣ
ŵڡ
֮ǰڰ۾ˡǣ˹һˡһͺڰȥҰѯ⡣ôΣˡ
ʲô˹תһ˿̽΢΢𣬡ƺġ
룬ϣĵ̧ۣˮҲսȥˣôҵ
ԭǵ˹Ц˵Һˣ֪ɾƬεķ
ϣˮ򽻸ת߽ϴҡ
ŵһɲǣüе鷳СnҸо˹ƺʲôˡθǰе㲻һڹ۲ҡ
ô죿ʲôˣ
ϣһ˼⣬Ҿת䲻ǴӱؿʼġǴ˹Ժеı仯ҵ˭ʾʲô
ssr
пܡظǰҲһˡƺһЩ߶һˡҲϵͳΪûˡ
ǴŲµѾ˺ߡ˵;ŪġѺȥ˵С
Լᱩ¶𣿡
˹ͻȻ뿪ףȥԺ϶˵顣ԷֻҪһССʾ˵鵽ڶ֣߳ұĵӾС
ϸ룬Ժǲ˵ϲźܶܣ˵뿴ʲôʱϲֻϲһ
Сn
ϣžеԼԹԵ˼·ҵʱ̫ΪʲôҪ˵ⷬؼӽȥͺˡ
Ǹô죿СnЩż
ŶûϵϣЦ˵ڰҵæұ͵ĺ񲻺úҵȤŨˡֻҪעһͺˡ
ʲô
ԱˡϣЦ˵һõͲںˡϲһ˲͵
ϣ߳ϴң˹ˮ򽻸ֻϣͰ۾ͼϣһһϵû˵ʲô
˰ɣ˹ʡ
ǳáϣתСˮŽ
˹һҾͲһȥѧԺˡ
ףΪʲôϣе㾪ȵؿ
˹ǽվţϴĵ飬Ϊ㲻ϲҩˮȶ˻˺ҩˮζڼ㡣
ֿٲһ䣬ҩʦĻһ࣬ȻҸרҵϾġܲܺ㡣
˹ͿʼԸ
еЦϣǵͷð
˹ǣֵݸһѶ
ʲô
ҵ졣ֺܵġһʲô£ҾͿԿ㡣
ϣһָĶССɡè𣿡
Ǳǣ˹˵Դ챻ӺԺҾ͸ĳˡ㲻˵뿪ˮ𣿡
ŸɰͰ͵ɣϣ˵㻹ǸĻȥɡ

ڶϣȥѧԺû˹żֱˬһϧʱСnˣͿȥˡ
ϴͻȻӱ뿪Ҳ֪Ժô룿Ҳûϵ˹ôĻָȻ棬ǶԣǷǳ΢
˹Ӧά˿ë״̬һ죬һСʱûЧʵʵصһСʱ
һһ߳׼ؼҡٳŵʱӦ˹Ҫȥ
̨ʱƳ˲ԶˡеȸͷǸʶԱǸ޳⿴Ӱڷ⡣ǹ˭أ
̿첽߹ȥشк˹ˡ
˹ͣ½ŲתŮǳɫȹʢСաͷһã·˶̲סһۡ
ãϣ˹˵
ϣľ㡣˹Զ䵭ĮûжȤ
һΪЩɣһ̼ȴ̾ͻָаعλڸ侲ʲôʱ̳ܽ
Ҫȥأϣʡ
ȥͼݻ飬֮뿪ټ졣˹˵
뿪٣ϣһ
ԣҼš˹ͷѾ֪ϴ½һʲôطˡ
ô죿ϣ˲һıݴŵݣԷҪѰ֮һļˡ֪˲ָ֮һȫõٻָĸһϢѽ
ھ𣿡ϣЦʡ
ߡ
ŶѽһȥԷɡϣЦӯӯ˵˹˴һϾҪü޷ˡ
˹Եİضϣֶ˹ԴҲͣذڶ
ͣ˹ͥԺϵİbΪ˵ˣԼҲ뽻䱻ʹԡξ˹ȥҼš
ѾԹˡ˹˵
ǾȥԿС⣿ϣ顣§ס˹ĸ첲ֳܵĽëһգţ𣿡
b룬ϲľʳ͡ǺȿҲֻŰǣһšԵ£ͲȤڡҪ˵ȥڰͻԸˡ
á˹ͷ
ҪȥԵ⣿bȵ˵
ţ𣿡˹ʡ
Ȼԡbæ˵ȥÿһζһ뷨ҵ־
λ˭ϣŰĿƵһֱӵϡ˹ͷûպϡ±Ƚϡ˹վһʮֵӢҲᱻȵһ֡
˵Ҫţһλʦʱҵͬ顣˹˵
Ŷϣ̲ȤذĿƻ¹ЦݣȥڴѧԺſڵҡһȥ
˹ͷתbһȥ
ϣѸٳȥ
ȰĴȻܵڵ¥ݼͳһöСɡ
Ӧ˹ѧȥҪʳˡؼңڳԵ̶̵ʱ䣬˹ļ䡣
ָ¡ԭΪСɻ飬û뵽ȥ˲ܾõĭһ촷ۡ
С¥ݼӿ˺ζͳϫ΢һ£һֻƯˮɫ۾ڰСϣ۾ӿһЦ⣬̽ƽеλá
ôͻȻң۸𣿡˹ӿ¡
˹ϣǸ˵Ҫȥˡ
ȥ˹ɤ͸ŵ㾪ȣҪʲô
֮е°ţɡϣɣ¿ôҪֲôҪ
ˮɫ۾ɫ΢һ㣬һ£žʧ
ϣһתǼײһʵšһæ̧ͷͫӳ˹䵭ס
㣬ô󣿡ϣɤǾǱԹ
˹ȥǽڣֱۡݸ߸壬΢΢ŵ㿴֪㵽ʲô£ˡ
û¡ϣװƽıͣһҪʱ뿪ټ졣ȥС
˹ЦʣʲôѣҲء
ϣ򴽣֪ҴŸԵ⡣˹һӲͷƤ˵Ǹҩʦ
˹ʱ
ɫδض
ʮǹ𣬴޵⣬ðһȥɡ


33 
ҲԵǾһȥɡϣһ⡣ȥһҲǿȴðһֻ޲ϵԭض, 쳤Х
˹ϵһ㣬ϲİ
Ҳϲϣ۾һ
˹΢΢һЦϲ㡣
ϣ
˹ˮƿİɣشⲻӦ, ϲŻش
Ҽסˡ㲻ϲʳϲ㡣ϣذ¡ҲĹԶ, ˽˿պ޶ë
˱˵, ܿߵѧԺš
˹һ˲䣬ϣյܹȥ˵Ҳ, ÿοԷоʥҫ鲻Խؾ뿿ůֹڡ
ʵֹһˡΧкܶѧͰפ, ĥĥ䲻Ը뿪߽, Űɫķ۾һĹ⡣ĿŨҡ˵Ŀȡ
ߴһЦϣͫӳ˹΢΢ĴһΪĹǿĮη
ϣĵ, ȷʵĹҲȷʵǿ󣬸ϵġȻЩǿҪԺ֤ʵ
߹ȥʱ˹ǡתϣߵ, ΢΢һ
յص˹Ҳһûů⡣
˹ˡϣ첽ߵȥͻȻ߬סͷɤ, ʲô, ôԵ⣿
ϣȨԼû, תͷܣ˹, ϴμ, ҵѡصҧ˵, ˹Ҫ
ҪҪ˹˹ȻҪϴβ˵ϼҵݡ
˹ɢƳ˶Էһۺ󣬾ͰעŻϣϣ첻ڼҡĵز֪ʲôֻð¹򿪣ȹһһһ顣ҷĺϲɫǲǿΪϲ󺣣
ȹʲôϣըë
ѿڶͻȻӦ仰ڸ˹˹סһ
˹΢΢𴽽ǡ
𣿡bʡ԰գգۡء
̲ס͵͵Ƴһλߵ뿴ðûð̹⡣
Ҽǵݡ ˹ɤܵ
𣿡˹Ťͷϣ
ϣڼߵĽ֯УӲͷƤش˸Դ𰸣Զݡ
˹Ŀ˲ᳰ
رԶݣѪԵϵҲرԶԶûˡϣæ䣬һ⡣
شɣԭǾһطģԶˡ
˹û˵ôųֱ򲻰Ľëͷ΢һǷŹ
ϣɿ
bɿȻҲ֪ΪʲôҪղʵ̫ˡΪǸ⣬Щð̹⡣һⶼˡݰǾûˡ
ȥԵɡϣ´˵
군ҾͿԽɢˡѾ˹ǰһ̵ӡΪӡ˹Ѿˡ
԰԰ȥԵɡbæ͡
ǾͿˣϣջָ䡣Դӵkʧ٣Զˡ˳˽ȥһֱڱ̼ңʵůСѡ
˹ᴹŽëһԡתţûײı֮¡
ʮӺһ䲻ĵﶼ̫ɹġû⣬ֻһˡ
˹سϣߵȥִαϣ̬ʮʡͺλһ
˹Ƴһۣ䵭ϣ¡
ǸábĽ˵ңûݡѾ̫̫ˡõһʶ˶ûˡ
ҲûôϣæƲϵ
Ȼ˹ݵݣʹԺˡ
˹Сûаְ裬ҼһֱܡǸ翴ܵߵбӣæĿڡǺ˾ͰȥˡֱҲż
𣿡b˹ȷһ¡
˹ǣֳ°ͣµһԡ
ϣĵָͱһȡ
ûӦ
ڶ¡
ûӦ
ͱʱ־ͱץסˡ
ɾů֣סָûиһôšƺֻץסˡ
ϣȴάƽֳߣ¶̫󱻶˷ˡֻǿһ¡
˹˲ʱ˵Ц⣬ɿ̧֣ۿŻشİbûм档ΪУҲŹڸһס
ԭbЦ˵Ƴ˹һۣ¶һӡ
˹Ŀֱ˹侲ͨ͸ƺĻ
ϣҪһ֥ʿ⡢һݮ⡢һܲһݮ⡣źܲⲻ׼ŵ˹ǰǰb˵ϲġ
΢΢һȷʵټ˹ʳǿȺͲҲֻŰǡһתѺܲŵ˹ǰ̴ѹȸС
ٸҪһæɫꡣ
ǵϰ˵ûкܲˣֻкܲ
涺˹ֲӡ
Ӵۣϣգգë˵Ҫܲ
˹ǣЦˡ뵽ƽҲôˣֱ壬㳶һݵ⣬ˣɡ
ϣɿʣµĵbˡ
˰bҶԵĺ˹ӵ̫壬˹Ȼ֪ʲô
һͻȻϣ˵ҵķӼǶЧʱ䣬һͥԺĻ
bЩȵؿ˹һۡȻԷûлعλȻﶼʮ׽䳣лľͦΡˮҲ͵͵ȡõϰȨ
ðϣЦŴӦ
Դȥ˹²ӣ֪ģóˮϵ
ϣװû˹ѹˡ
㲻ϴ½ˣȵʡ
Ǻˡ˹˵
֪bòŵĲָﳫ
һޣһ޶ơ˹𴽽ǣҾϴ½ƶͦãһһޡҪ֪һ޶кܶ׶ˡңҲϲ˷
еbͷ˭Ը˷Լİ°
˹²ӡ
bʶһۣ۾˲ɴǿ鲻Сĺܲ⾹ȻԵøɸɾӶʣ
˹̧ۿϣɤºͣЦ⣬ҳˣҵĵ⡣
ˡϣʶԼӣﻹС
˹ûԥӣϣĵ°ŽԼʣµƻȥȻظʳһ顣
b۾ҪˡԴʳʣµġ⻹Ǹг߶ԭĹ
˹䣬ŲӣĵصŲ̡
ϣ˹Ÿɾس군⣬߳͵ѹб졣
ĺʲô̹⣬Ҫˣ
ѾеˡҸˡ˹վ
ô죿ϣ
ǰǰҪͦԶ·ȷˡbվ
ǣ˹ˣϣæվ׷ǳ˵ꡣ
ĵ˹عʣ͵˵ϰˡ
Ǹϻһʮͭңϰ˵Це˵
˹ſյӣСһĥĥƾʲô˰ûôԵ⡣
ϣ˹͵ſھֹס˽ŲһúͥԺĻġ
˹ṴƺҲҪرϡżȥͺˡ
ϣͷʱҴ𣿡

ԣŮЦŵͷ֮䣬һԶţʱͻһÿοͻǵꡣ
𣿡˹Ц´ӦеôˡƵ꣬ǫг߶ȡbƵ꣬ηηǾη
ֻϣ.꣬ҪףҪҪһ

ŮƤһ°ûһȱ㡣۾Բ̣õС¹ۣŵ޹
ûж룬ͷٵһġŮɴ۾𴽽ǣˣѼ
£Ҳϲ˷
˹߳ʱľ仰

˹ϣͻؼҺͲˣ˵Ҫȥĺˮݣ滺һ顣
ϣЩЦĿ뿪ڴϡ
׬һssrŶСnĵתȦȦ
ףʲôʱ׬ģϣʡ
ǹֳĵʱ׬ġ㿴
һ΢£ͻȻһ֡
÷ԭ򣺳ʣĵ⡣ϲӴԡȻĵִŸСʱһξйء
˼仹ҡɢɡˣݵءݶֵͷԡ
ûǸȴѾչ¶֮ĹʮֲʡڼҿݴļСժܿϵȫݴ·ڱؽ䡣
¶ģһӵͽһҪѧͼįԼ԰µҳϡûͽ֮ǰȴԼ𡣡
ϰ߱˿ѪҺķӦԣĸӷԥشܿԵĵִ
ϣ죬ĸӷ˭ᱻġ
ǰǰСn˵־Ǿܵؽssrһõԭ򡣡
ף𣿡
գrϵͳСn˵
ۡϣ˫һҪСnûʵ壬뱧סһڡҪСrڶʲôܣ
СrҲաСnЦԺСr
һҵ¹ܡǴͣ㲻ҪһʹôءҪĺøֵʮ֣һössrҡ
ȥùιˡ
ţСrͷоǣҿԿÿһλõĺøֵԼssrҵԭ򡣡
𣿡ϣʡ
оǣԭһøֵڱһһøֵ
ϣоʱȼ
еǶ٣
ʮֺøֵssrҡӽ㡣Ҳǽʮ㣬һֺøֵԺÿʮ㶼һֺøֵûоԱ
ֻʣʮû
Сrͷˣ㻹üҽҪķáһٺøֵŶ
ϣգգۣҾ㱣״̬ͦõġĹܹˣҪˡ
ԷϵͳssrСr
ϵͳҪ̫ʱȡ
СrüҲssrҲû취ԭʱհ
˵ϣһȡ
ա
ϣ̷ȥ¹ó·
ھҪȥ𣿡
ȻСȮûǿȥءϾСһߣҾʣһֻС޶ˡϣٰ·ãСrͷ۾ɫá
׼Ϳ
ðλᣬе᲻ء
Сr˵ȥ֮ǰȸ㿴
ʲô
ϴұĽͼСr˷ܵ˵ɹҾͿԸˡ
ϣûü˵ǰͳһ֮ͼ
дŮıЦ
ˡ

һĺ䡣
ϣխ谵С߳Ŵӳ˳ʳϹɡ߲һʵ˾ǶһŻƵĲڱ¡
ϹԢĽݡǱصϾŵʮָϴһεؿϾҪҹʱ䡣дͣ
šաĽŲ˳¥ߵ˶¥ϴβͬﾹȻ¥ݿڷһֵŻõúơִָӺͻأ¥ݿڡúưĴۣյ졣
ôһ䷿߳ϣһ£ϳǸⷿС
ףþûˡһΪͬ鲻סˡǼ䷿Ҳûж
ϣ𴽽ǵͷеʱǻᵽס
ͷһ㶼֡˱ǮСֻСǹһϾͻֿۣ̰ϣ鵽С
ڿúƣһ¥һ˵Ҳ֪ô¡Ľ̻ͻȻ˸յơһзҲҪҪһʮСʱšԢⶼŵơҾüҹ٣¥¶
ԽԽԶϣعƳһúƣһЦתµķȥ
ͷ컨ĵطһźɫëһκССĶἤǵķӦ
ŮĲɫë˲Ʈ
ǧ֮ڤźɫ۵֧°ͷ
为ĶʹѶԴ˼ֲ֡ÿ쵽ʱ䣬˾ͻԹԵصȴٻ
رĵʱһװҩĲޣָתӡ
ѾʲôܡŮǿ·ʲô˼ʼǾ֪λǿڻԽԽ˵ı仯
΢زһ£ͷҵĺɫë˫ڵĵĮĺ۾Ȼ˹ʡ
ʹС̧ۡ
룬죬Ѿˡ


34 
ϣ, ָҪ飬žʹس
źɫëµĿ꣬վſڣ΢΢һЦ, ýȥڵ, ¯ҲյȺġ
ϣ, , ȻôͰû˾סı䷿յûȡ
ҿƴŴԵ˵Ķࡣ
˵ҪͶ, ͵ȥ㡣ǲ֪ȥĶԾһֱ, 졣
ϣӶԷβһ˿ί, û͵, Ըһȥó߲˾Ϲϱ
ˣһû, ϲʳ𣿡
ֻǵСʵֻ
ϲһ, קһѷԼԱߣʾԷ¡
ϲ𣿡ϣе㲻, ֻǿ
ϲͷ, ҴСϲǡΪǵԵúܺ۸ҾͲ, Ϊ˽¡͡ʶˡ˽³Իᱻŵζͽˡ
Ҹʳ, 鷳ɣϣԥؿϹɡʹŵϹɵζή
ᣬЦ˵, ϳ, ˭Ҵ鷳
ϣʶ, ʳҲʢ
һˣһϴ½ˡģɵػش
ϣ΢òǺ͹ɣ
ǡ𣿡װʡ
аɡĵ˵һֱŮ¿ɰϴתǸеѲϴ½ǸֺݡֻҪһûʲôġ
ϣװʳƵǰ;Ҳڷ룬ůЦ˵԰ɡ
һ֡벻뿴÷ɣҿԺظʾԺСrõ¹ܣ԰ڡ
аɡ
ҵůøֵһ֣ɷ100%ů
֪ϣ䴽ǣҵķ԰ɡֻкڰԭӷ֡ͬԹͺû塣ΪǲȱذֻҪҳ֮Ժعһġ
Ҿ飬ҲǺܺõĵ÷ֵ㡣ϲǸ
ԲС
ǰʳֻһݣ΢΢ü㲻𣿡
Ŷ֮ǰԹˡϣش緹㣬ŵС
ë΢Ȼǳ˵ĻѻʲôԱˡԹˡϲԣʳȱĽڡ
ɨϣһۣССİ°ͣʾԷԵĺ١
ҪôſԲֵĺӵƸأ
԰ɣϣߴһ飬Ϲ˾Ͳóˡ˾ν̿ڵġ˵ϲʵζһͦϲġأ
Ӱ˾г룬ǰϣָϹɡƳһ۾òࡣٰԼİ˾һ룬Źȥ
ϣ΢΢һĲ֮ǰԹˡ
ƳһۣЩΪ˵Ļԡ
һ֡
ףԷҲǼӷֵ𣿡
ǡСrѵ÷ɴڹ
ʹԲҲҪʳòѾԹ˵ȽΪΡڰаĵƶŮǩøֵһ֣ɷ100%ů
аĵƶŮ
ϣһ˿Цȷʵʾ֮ġ޶ȵķŴİġһƶֻʮͭҵˣԸóöָжɡ
ҲȫܾʳӸ飬֮л׽
ֻһ㡣ҵθôࡣĳ궫Źġ˺ܴһЦ˵һϹʣµȫȥ
ë΢ûټ֡
ˣϣ״ʣ֪Ǻ󣬾ʲôεķ𣿡
ҩˮѾԹˣסҰ㡣ڲٳڣ˹ܾͲˡһζǧ֮⣬Էͻĸ
㱻𣿡΢΢ü
ǰϣ󷽳ϣҸԽȥˣҧһڡϴҲˣֱˡָ˹ƣֱѾûкۼˡ
Ů֣΢̲סǵƯָϸȴǸУ׿ɰ
ܲסջһ㣬һ߬ĦֱϸƤ΢ĴнУĶ㡣
ϣ򴽣ָϵıеǿǶԷϸµذۼҲ͹ԹԵصȴ
ȴʱеáƺֻǵ֡߬ָģȥ
ԺͻȻСrøֵһŶҪ
Ҫ
ϲ˫֣ࡣĶֵһ֣ɷ20%ϲ80%

ϣһѳ֣ϴŻɣڰҿۼ𣿡
΢΢һ£ûУֻ֡
֣
ԣ֣Ծˡ
ϣ
ֻȻɵİԵ߼Ѿˡ
ӦЦһΪڰ㿴ۼֶ޷ʾġֻҧ֪
Ǿû취ȥᱻҵǰɣ
΢΢ɻ󣬡޷ϰȥ󺣣߿ߡҲֹһѪǶǺʳ˹ֻ֪һֻϰȥʳѪ¡
ϣǲС
˹Ц˵ܲҧİɣԲصġû׷ôԶ
ҧġ
ȻҧģҲһ취ûСһСʱζ̶һطȱԣֻҪԷҵ̶ζĵطͻ֪㲻
ʲôС
һֱȽϡеĿʯھ͹
ϣ΢΢üǼֵĶˡ˵ģ޷ϰʵòôġ
ֻǿʯϡвмֵ˵ٶûмֵôܻҧأһöûС
ϣ΢ɰͰ͵˵ŶkҲܹҧҡ
һЦûҾŻôΪѾһֻͨҧˡ
ӿڴͳһƤֽëдһ֡

ȡͿݵĻᣬʹһ
ձԼһ͹ȥȰ˵վ;öһȥƺҲϾɵʯʵ̫ˡڤ֮ԭʯʣָС
ŵʱع⼷˰յǰ档ڤǺܼɻ¡ܱ˾Ƚӡ
ΪʹֻһŮԣҶٶչڰտλֻǰе̫ˣ˷ܵ˹ءԣֻһüˡ
һһ͵ʣʣ𣿡
صͷ˲뱩¶ݡôոպãʮֵࡣ
ϣصһġصĻνҪϴβݵǼʹе㲻̫
ԷأǼװתȥöԷһ
ãҪͨʯ
ϣᴹûΪصתȥԣضûҪ
ԺﴫСnе㷢滹һʹ
ϣһ⣬иǴ򿪵΢ƺǲǿʯͷ
ص⡣
Ҫ˵λԽԽˣ֪ЩСֶα˳ʲôֻҪĶʹ㹻ס
һĥĥ䲻Ѱһᡣһֱˣʱ䳤Ȼǲġ
취ģģַա
ǿˡɤѵ˵
ϣ֣´һͱǸμǸĮo
ԣҪȻڸסôأ
Ҫʯͷʲôغʻ
һغǳ⡣
һλʹ
ǸҲ˵˽¡С⣬ǾãǴ˵ġҽ԰ɹ׹Я
ҪѰɵʯǣ˵ͨʯͷˣʹسܼӡ
룬ԼĶøκɤԽĵĮ
ŶȻûС
ҾãؽӲ磬ҪϲϲϲԻĶôͨʯͷǾͿˡأ
ԣȻʹлʯͷûȥ»ָ˻
Сr˸ۣһֱȥʯͷء
ϣЦһ£ŶһῴģڡǸٿ
Сnôߣ
ϣ΢΢ͷ֣㿴ҵ֡
ôˣ߹ȥ
ʹϣֱӺڰ۽һ顣һֱӺkֵĹʹѾɺڤ
ղźоʲôһ¡ϣָ
ҧĵط𣿡ʡ
Ҳ۽һ飬Ǹ㲻Ǻɣ
ᶯָһ
սϣ̾˵ˡ΢̵¹תЦ⣬§סĲӽӡȥһл񡣡
΢΢һĴһɲǣǸϸǵߣɱˡԥסŮ֫Լķ͵һ
ͷȥ
ʹ˲佩Ӳ
ȷӦҴźڰ۵ʱ⣬ŵȥڷأקһĸ첲
ػع¶һ㲻ģת˲ûڵ۵ס
ȷûʱϣᴭűͷǡʵ̫ˣӶᣬ˺׾ʧ֮¡ȥԼҪ鲻Խı·ˡ
̧ۣͻȻķֿЩãɫŨס°ͻס
Ҫˣϣæ˵㶼޷ˡ
ҸղŸ㻻ˡ
̫ˣָһӻһĻ
㲻һӻһ𣿡
ܣŮһˮ촽΢׵رԹе˿ԣҲС
ۣƵЦһ£ǸҲ֪
Ϊ֮Բúû֪Ҫ೤ʱ䡣ȥһʹԷڸӾԱϡһ룬û뻹ǲ
ʵ̫ˡ
ǿʯͷأϣʡ
Ѻӵݸ
ϣָϸĿʯóϸؿʮǵĺɫʯʯһ⻬ű䰵Ĺ
Ҹղ˵ǰɵʯǲǺҪĶüʡ
ǡɵʯڤһЩʯɵʯҲϰƺǣǲǡƽ˵֣һɫӳСʯɾȥ΢΢ϣڲϡ
ˡ˵һɫ
ϣźɫƯʯͷԺͻȻðСr
ղŵֺøֵǣɷ֣100%Ҿñů졣
ϣ

ϣʹϴ׼뿪
㻹𣿡һͳԵ
ϣŤͷڴϣ޳ȴźɫ˯㣬ؽš׵һɫ˿ڣҽɵ·ĥһҹ
ڷϴĵ鶢һ˿㡣
ΪʲôһУһֻСǹһҹԸĨ׼뿪
Ȼһȥæռ£ܿһһʱ򡣡
΢̣´߹ȥ
㲻ңԼῪš
ϣ𲽰ƵˡϸխΣÿһ㶼ϲּµɫ޷ֿ
ֱƵԣͣȥȫѹϡȵĺ絽ĶֱϢѹȵô
㣬㲻糿ǲԵġϣæСʿɤɰͰ͵رԼ
ĿĴͣ룬Цһִ̧İȡһӷ
ɣֻҪö
˵öҪôϷ
ʲôͷСƵģֻмҳֽƺúܳ¾ɵƤֽġǺɫƤ棬˵ʲôƤ
Ҳһд֣Ҿܿͬд֣Ҳܿ
ⲻ
æµĿ϶ңͿҡ͵˵𣿡
ȴʱ̫ˣĹǺԵȥȥֻ취ʱٳһ㡣
һᡣϣ˵
뿪Ԣսխӣô뿪
صң˹ڡ·ϴ˸衣Ժ˹ûл
Ϊ飬Сrһ˹ꡣСrʾԷڲ٣ƺǺߡ
𣿡ϣͳı̯ϡëպպīˮдҵˡɫּѸٱֽߣʧֽϡ
Ȼ˲ţ׼ϱ
һ룬ֽͻȻһּסǲǺԶһСʱŵҡ
岻һּӲʣ
΢΢һЦͻȻָĸоʽŻػ
ڸ˭죿ͷ
һתͷʪ˹ϴŴӴ󺣹顣
ڱϵ㣬Σ̵ļ𡣡
֪챾ϣɰͰ͵ػش
һѡ
˹Цھ𣿡


35 
˹ڷ, Ϲɢ飬΢ͷëͷϺҲš
յкɫͷϡʪ, ÿһƶ΢
ϣ޳ÿָ, ߡִ߻䵭Ĳǡ
оע, ̧, ôˣ
ϣ, ּδȥȴû˼ˡҲ֪ô, ˹ͷҲܰĿȫߡ
ȵȣΪʲôҪͷǶ, ৵һ£ɡ
òǹİɣ
ë, ǿԼעŻرϡʲôôأ
ҰͷȻǲеġ
, ͻء¡ͷ, ȥˡ
ë৵дȥ, ԺСr, һ֡
ףôģ
Ժڰ񰡣Сr˵Ϊ˵ȥܸˡ
ۣҲԵõøֵϣղֻǾ챾, ھѾһҵˡȥ˱صʱ, Զˢ֡
һ, ϻ֣ԭһʮ֡ȥĵһ֣ʣʮķ֡ǽҪһ֡
ô׬ĶϲĵİΨ޶ֻһֻȥѰҼšһֻңԶıءߵһֻֻ̫֡
һ߼ŷ֣һôӱϵõķ֡ǺֽܿϾ͸ֳһ֡ţȥ°ɡҵ㡣
ϣҵ¾Ǻѽǡ
ôĲȷԡһ仰û˵ԾͶԼ·
ű˼ʱ˹ëһԣɵڷϿûǲ˯ͦģ
˹ûϣӿһϲãɫɱƽһأΪʲô
Ŷҷķʽ˹˵ΪķҶһ
Ϊʲôķ
Ҳûʲô˹΢΢̧˹ȥĵ컨壬Ϊ£ΪǸ¡
Ҳ˵죬ԺȫҩʦڵſǵĻ档ԽԽ꣬Ϊں˺üأŰѹȥһ㡣
ںͦġһͬʱü㽻ΪʲôôķأǸ˲Ǹͨѡ
˹üһ̲סֱʣǸҩʦ˵֮ϴ½ô𣿡
ϣ΢һ£𣬡ϴ½⼸صİɣͱزŽпš
˹أ̱ЦЦԣڱؽύһѣ
ϣ˼һ£ʵ˹֪˹ĴҲûʲôһԣӦĿֻ֡Ҫ֪λǹͺڰˡ
һ࣬Ѿֶͬʱӽλ˹һжҳ𰸡
ҾãһصѲʲôر°ɣŮ˫ϣʮָ棬ϸֳԷһģһһЦݣ˹Ҳء
ҿûиѽ˹˵˹Ǻˮֿ̣ҪôأǸԺһ嶼ûСԷζֻܳζ
ϣգգۣԣûиѴ
ûС
Ҳûǣ
ûС
ûǣ
ûУ˹ͷ˵ֻйյĵ㡣ҩʦͱƺеʱҪ㡣ջǣǲǻ֪ģѡ
ϣ׾ˡûǣƽʲôأⲻǺ˸į𡣻Ľʷʽȥ˽⺣˽ڸȸԼ
ΪʲôôһζǸҷģȴûssrңһ˹ϵõһössrңǱԵڶѪʱõġôǺأҲ˰Ϊʲôûбأ
ҾġСr˵ĹĿɢרһôssrһõĵ㣬רһרһı׼µԼȥԡ
ϴѾԳˣѪεõһössrҡ´οࣣࣼܵõҡҾãӦÿֵı׼ͬҲΣҲʮΡ
ϣ
˵˸û˵ʲô𣿿ʲôԵģÿֻһαҡ֪ñҵĹҲûðѪössrԺ󣬺˹ڳѪ൱ڰ׳ԣʲôò
û취Сr̯֣ûгΪssr֮ǰܶණǶÿ²⡣
˹һִӿڴͳһϣģԼġ
ϣһӸӨйǼֵߵĺ顣
ôأòһһƿȥӰɣ
Ժֳ︡˹ںһţһѰҴ󱴿ǡҵԺһƿơ
˹һֱڿĲɢȥһЩڿǸ챾½ıѣͷ⡣
ȥԡվϴȥ
ףϣЩȣ㲻ǸմӺ׻Ҫ
ȥ԰ɡҲ˹˵һķıӰ
죬Ů͵ȥԷһӦһվ
ղ˹˵ȥϴңͻȻһΣյļƻСr˵˹ÿ϶úõϴҴšǴգһζûг
ĻǲǿԽĿʯڴϣȻ͹͵ﵽءǺҹȥ
ȻŪһļ˴˯ڴϣǾ͸ˡ
а취Сr˵ԺäеĶһҲһЩ仯ֱӶһѾߵäСäеļ۸رߡ
жأ
ssrң߾ʮøֵһäСȻҲм۸ߵģÿ
Ŷ㿴Ǯ𣿡ϣʣssrҹδäˡ
ssrңʮĶֵ͹ˡܻҪļäССr˵Ұѽܴ
һ㣺԰ָԤĻֻҪ˽⣬û֪Ǽٵġ
ȱ㣬̺ܵͣԲҪѶȵ顣ٰѧϰ˯״̬ΪʡضҳʦĻ۽𾦡ƷֻҪܵˣͿʹá
ۣҺĶϣ˫۷Ź⣬˫ֽգѾһʹķˡ
Ҫ𣿡
Ҫϣͷ
ϧǷֲСrɥ
еġϣСrСԹϡ
׬ֵĿǰ߰ǣ˴򹤻꣬򹤲ܳΪˡ
챾װ˹дʲôͲˡ
׬ֺѰ˹ʲôʱأ
ҲСһ졣
ߵϴſڣƿٴ˹ȥ
˹ԡ֧Ųβˮ
˹治ȥԷҪҸʲô
ȥˡ˹ԡױϵѼѼŽˮҡҡλεƯ鲻ѵָͷȥѼѼٰȥ
ϣоһ紵ֻѼѼƺˡ
ȥɡ˹ɢ˵һ顣
ϣԡ꣬΢߹ȥౡһ¡
˹۾΢΢ˮβ˲ͣ¡ȻֻǶ̶һ˲ȴԼ
֡
ףôأ
һͻࣣܾȣ״ˡĶֵ֣10%ľϲ90%ϲ
ԭôİϣеЦ
ôͻȻң˹΢ܵ͵ʡˮɫӻζ־ϲֻɡֲš
ϣЦ˵˵ģǸл˼ղǸл࣡
˹ϸĽëһü˼֣ԭ
ʹסԽԽ⣬˵ȥԷɣһౡŮĴɿӡ£ַɿ뿪
˹۾ͷϣǵ㡣
ͷŮϸָһѣȥԷ
ŤֻŮ뿪ıӰ
ϴҵ¹ϡ
˺һ˹Цһϲһ
һ֣ۣ̫ࣣЧˡҪ𣿡
ҪˣҴŲ³ʲôˡϣЦ˵ֺЧΣǲõηֵġ˵һξϲ֮󣬵ڶֻûжν
мһֵЧͻɾ޴תۡôڶҲ˳³Ϊľϲոøֵ˳ҲܻܲssrҡãôҶԾǾ޴ľϲˡûҲûϵ´
СrˣСr
ϣ˳һƴСӣװһЩ̵¥˹ѾԡˡŽţϰţ°ɫĿӡ
ͬװڹͺڰ϶վһ¡ƺǺڰʤ̫ʺ¶ˣļ⣬Ըе壬Ҫ
˹ĵطͬʱӵĿĵۺһҲʮ˵ˡ
˹űɣüûԱ𣿡
ġϣݹȥ
˹Щ飬ֽӹ
ϣһСr˵ƣûз֡ͬ飬һ֡

ӲӵĳͣȾ׵ʡ
ϣֽдһţѶ·õѧԺȥһЩȻһӴѧ̫ˡ
дۺãʧڿֽͦõģǼ۸߰ҪʮöһšƷ
˵ʵͷʽԽԽ١ʱ򣬸׸һǧҡǴĹӶ·ʶǾ޴ĿֻʣٽˡֻٹӶʮΡ
ɲСһʡǮرѵ£
ۼֱһԤԣƶŮˡ
ôѸٸ㵽ssrҵʱ򣬶ߴλý
ԣǽͻ𣿡
Ȼ˵ġ֪Ϣͨ
ڴ⻹ҵһμѧУʦϣвꡣܲ˿һ㽡
ɵ˿৵ذȺϣĸǲһ˵ġ
Բ𡣡ϣǵĶԻ
ܲ˿˿ͬʱ̧ۡ
˵ʲôطʦҪ𣿡ϣʡ
㲻֪𣿡ܲ˿ϴһ˿ԽŶԣ飬ֻ׽ˡ
ϣÿɷﴽǣ˵λ£ûٸʹֽ硢ߵСĶʹԣصظ׼һСϣϲ
ϴ½ءѧԺٰͬĻÿѧУɳʦѧϰһںʦǻȥصĬſ˺ħѧԺһȥѧԺ
ϣѧԺѡңܲ˿˫ֽϣĺȥʶһ±طͺ顣
Ҳȥؿغϴ½һӣǼûȥ˿С˵˵ػῪڤҲιۡǿ֮簡λֻܵԺȥڤˡ
ޣʲôˣһ¡
ޣ
ԭϣ˿¶˼顣ȻǶԿɲʲôûһͷ𷢳ڤֱѰ·
ͣ
͸Ĳϣ޴ĲʻĹţ滻ԭȱ¾ɵĴšӦþΪλĻӭ̬
ѧԺûѧǳӭӡֻɳһЩְԱȴнѧСＸûĸѧפͣȫҴҵسȥ
ϣλý߽εĽҡ󲿷ֵѧѡѧϰνĵط
ϣȥûãһ߾ͳڽſڡһӰǣǶѰˡ
ϣӭȥݸʮöҺӹӡתʱ΢ɲذ׼õĶ˰ȥ
ɫֽĶ˰ǣӴӵһɲǾͱģֽŻ˽ɫ״ҲúһֱԲ
ҳǡϣЦӯӯ˵
һɫƯǹ˵Ŀ⡣
ףķǹưǡ˵򵽣ôôࣿ
ʲôӣ㿴ܸ˰
ÿ춼ܸˣϣЦ˵Ϊ˺óԵǹʹһۡ
һֱϡȱƷټķǡô˵Ҳٿ׷ȥáνڶһö
ϣӾٵǰҲһö
شŲ۵׵Ц⣬ɨһӡеǹһģûзֱǹոģԷӦûᵷԥһ£ȡһöϣת˵ȥ
еһжȻеĻʧһ㡣
ôԣڴ۵ʱһŮŤͷء
ֻһʣȴ˵Ŀ⡣
΢΢һԲǲҪԻҵİɾͲ̫ˡ
Ҹղ飬شЦֽΪʲôѧԺ˻أ
ԭǰǸŮӵͷҲڴѧԺء
ˣ쿴ߵһѧָ¥ºе˺һΧ˹ȥϣҲһ̫ŮȥڿһɲǣƳذѰǲȵ˽ŵס
ϣذĿջȥ΢΢𴽽ǡ
˰ǣζ硣ʮСʱĶ˹ˡʹ÷һǹѶ˰ǻȥ
ֻҪǰڰдǸ˵֣ôѡõǡҪȥֻҪֽ˾ͻЧãڶԷֽСʱҲһСʱĶˡ
ǲġ¿κȥˡߣʲô˶赣İɣ
ҵһߣشǣɨϣһɫı˲Ŀ⡣
óssrɭ˵ŵ˺ڰζ
ЩŵؿһۺѹѹڴߵȺֿٰѺƤó򿪡
ڻɫƤֽ룬һΰš
𣿡
ظssr˵˵Ŀǡ
۾˲һЩ˷ܵд벻ᣬΪҵĴϡ



36 
ϣ˫֧Ŵ̨, ӹβȥ
ڵĸŵѧԺеĸǰԴԽǰ˵ͷ뿴غͺʦʲô
Ҳº㣬ضһˡ
Ҫôأ
˵ѧԺרſһ˺ӡ
ߴߴⳡȴ˶塣ڶ˽дһϿ, תһ֡
, ˡ
֪ð, ϣ˲оˮѹԼ˶ѹ˲, оҪˡԴڼѹпڴѧԺ߽ŮŮ
ϣôźɫϵ·ӦǱĬſ˺ѧԺĶƫߴ޳, ͷɫ, ڱؼһ
źɫ, Ůźɫ˿ȹŴ, ִ˵аԵζ
ͳһɫװȹʦӦǺİӻѧԺѰ츳ĺͳһ̵ͬ, İӻյĶǻʦʸˡԿȥ, 仹ʵдϵġ
Ⱥ˱ԺֱӴѧԺ, ȥƺʲôӭʽ
˺, ǣѾˡǸϿˡνں, ǴŲԸڽһڵദУѧԺѧȥɣ
֪ĶǾӢеľӢ˺ȫԱʦ, صȺҲ󲿷ȡʦʸֻǣǸеμʦ˵ʸûС
ǲһϿΰɣʡ
ֻһһϿΣ˵, ѧԺɳԱ, ˸꼶ѧ, ѧġǰŵѧԺһԺѡʱҲ
죬¸̸߰˭пܱѡϡ
Ҳλ⡣û˱Ǹʸˡ
ϣ仰΢΢ü
Ƴ֮΢Цssr⣬ھһϣķ
¾ԼһᱻѡϲôЦ𣿡
ͻȻһͻأ˲Ͱ
ϣĸȤؿ˵ˣϳԷһȵŮûǴĻȵĸ׺صĸ׻ֵܡ
ȻȺһֱе㲻ԸҲû֮ͥ²ӵĳ̶ȡ˳Ƕ˰ǿʼˡ
ؾüֱ˹ˡЦֲΪ˵ѡϡЦΪ˿ԸϣµĻᡣ
æº͵˵ˡ
ŶɣȷɿŤͷס䣬һӡ
̳Ŀ⡣
Ssr˵е㲻Ծ
ûòԾҧҧֻüʾȻһôԡ
ˣϿΡνεֹסҡ
ϰҫѾһڵʱϰҲҪ׳С㼸һԡԼءϣ
ϣе㲻ԸվʱǺ˶˰ǵļһվһ
ҲʰվղССĶҪԼһʾҫ𣿶ʦ˵᲻һӶһ
ȹǰߣ̧ž͸оȵʲôĶһ㷴ӦĻᶼûУǰȥ
žһ죬ʹˤڱĴʯϡͬʱȹŷͷ˾񱻿ڹڵϡ
ȺͬѹԳԵЦ
æأ̫ˣ㻹ðɣ
ЦûͷݺݵؿȣʲôҵЬףˤһӡϣòĳ˵Ķ硣һҵĸס
˲仰ڰͨĵ˱ʡŪһ鷳
˭
ڣԱߵվ￴һС̲һССֽ滹ճŰǡ
ǲϣָǵİ𣿡һŮ˳ȵؽеΪʲôأ
ǲǵԲ˰
԰԰Ҫôһ˵Ҳȵ̴ͬ˵һʼͱֳ̫ԸܵӡҶֽԣֻšȻҵƽ³һ𣿡
ҲӶ񣬡̫Цˣ±Լˣ˶硣
ҰĿͶվڽ̨ϣϣʱشֳеѹӡ̵ҶޱͬϲŮ
ɫͨ죬оʹ֮⻹ܵ衣
Ǹû壬ǿ˵ǸǲҹġֻǲСĵ˵ϡ
ʱѾûˡ˷Ŵ˶شûջôӵĿ⡣
ҵİ
˷ѱ˵⡣
һ㹫涼Ҫˡ
ˡ
ˡ
ϳѧԺ
Ŀɿڴ
ֻһǶѡ
ˡǿĿջأҲϣİǣ޹Ůǳۣ㻹ŲסҿȥԺ롣ؼҡ̫ˣҸ˱ʾ޷ܡ
ϣʱҲö˰е̫ˡä￪Ķһ߼
ûйϵҡҡͷ
ô㻹Ըʾ𣿡Сʣ岻ʣҿԻʾ
ϣ
Һܺãûвʡ½ڽиŵͬ飬æ˹̹ڰųûѧҫѧʱ˹ҫ̫͵ȣֱӸԼз
һӴСĹָðϿաġ͵ġůĹâ˲øˡ
̫ˡںʽ֣ɫ̫ɫˡҴûôҫ۵ֱ֮һûû˿ڰǲǻպڰ
Ťͷϣ
ûģڡϣͷ
ôأںʣҲǵý̹ûκεط
ѽҵġϣЦ˵Աҡ
ϣɫúܲãһӾͲ³ǹ˹˭أȻԺԪΪһʦҲû֮
ĺð
ůĹ⡣
Ҵûôҫ۵Ĺš
ﲻϴҵĳϣҲͦ˵ġǴڱؼҺûϰڴѴСӡ
ĹŻתţÿһâҡϣͻȻ֣ظһԹâ޷Ӧ΢պڰеĶʹزûбա
֤ǶʹssrĹŪֻȥӦƸʹ
һ죬صסʹҷǸʹ
ǳ¾Цеؽ˳ޡٴλָҵĿͶʣˡ
ôһ°ɣ˵òϣ㣬ֻҪʹСϣû
صɫͻȻúѿղʲôˢѾˡ

ǿµĶˡϣһߺСn˵һ߳Լĵطȥ
ŲСʱʣʮһСʱҪءСrúܽ
Ҳе㲻ԣϾǵķӦҲ̫ˡ
ᣬСr˵Чʧ󣬳أҶǵǿŵķӦǶ˸áвõ飬ֻء
𣿡ϣе㵣ģҲˣҵһСʱʱҪˡһһù𣿡
õģһ㶼ήһЧҪôиأǸӵĲҪ˼ǵùǻе㵹ùģûŴΧ˵Ҳ˵һڰ𾴵㡣ױꡣ
ϣ
͵ƫƧһ¥档ӭȥ
һߵû˵ϴңѶװ
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áϣѳȹϡ
ѵġ°˵
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治ЦŻϣװ˵ʵҾǺ汱غͺʦúý뿴ǡ
ϣ΢΢üʲô鷳¡
Ҳǵһˡ˵ҵķԻġ
ױװϣ˻֣ת߳ϴҡ
ϣŲʱСr͡
ʮӺ˹Ԣſڵ̨ϡȺݺݿ棬۵ֱ¡
ô£˿ʼ𣿡
СrͰ͵˵
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ǿ̨ʱصͻȻÿ졣һɱȺڰĶ¡
ϣ㵵̧С¥ݶϣűèڻ谵ĹšԶȮ͵ڹɵׯϵС֪ʲôʱ򣬽ֵѾһӰûˡ
ҹĶˡڴϹתǲطӲϵҹʱ̡
ϣͫת¥ȥúƣԵر𰵵һɾĻҡˣȻԱ䰵ҪơܸоںڰĴ
϶¥һɲǣͻȻϨˡȱñҹڣһķ硣
ͷƤ飬ʶ
һɲһɾ޴͵£ȦסʵԴ˲סаֲ߸ϵϢȣеаطſڵϡ
ĺͷɿںڰУȴоޱȰ
룬Ȧסĸ첲һֻ뿪壬ڴӿڴʲôšžһ죬ǰſˡ
һֻȦҲ뿪ˣڰǡꡱһ΢죬һССɫӢҲָŵǸ
ƹϵ̨ȼڻȻɫĹ߳
ϣſ壬ղŴӶͳһԿ׺һл
ĺüٰʱҪװһԿ׿ţû
Ǹղȥ򼦵ˡڷ˵
ϣۣĽű߹ȻһС𼦵
ǡϸںؽҹʱΪʲôûȱסԭ
˵
ϣ뷿䣬źܿͱ
ﻹǺܺ䣬ȻҲûסߵ¯ǰȼ¯΢΢ͷϣ¯ӳҲ֪ǲǴôƺȵаҪ䡣
̫ûʳϣӿڴͳǣҪ
ֱ̫Цһ£û㣬ÿ춼æʲô
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أĵʣ㶼˭һס
һˡ
һˣ
šϣЩɻǳУһ¾˶Էе㲻ԾԼϻŶЧ̰ѶԷķᵽԭϣС
ҪҪԶҪҸ̯㵰ɣߵ¯ԣŸľ̿¯ʹһɻ硣ּۿذŵֹͣˡ
¯յе΢΢üۺúôۣȷûбţɿ֡
Ҳ㲻ˡǡ˵˵ɡ
ʲôϣҲκˡôشŰ⾪һСʱȥ
һѡ˵Ӧѵİɣ
аϣͷиѽҺܶæҺϲ
Ů˵֣ɫһ㣬𣿡
СϣԺֳ︡˹˹֣Ѹٰǻ
𣿡ע
УǶ̫졣ϣһ£Ӷŵģġ˹ٷҡᡣŶԣʦԵˡ
ôԵ֣ɫһ㣬ûиܵģ糣һģ
ܵģϣһ붼ûԥسһЦǾѽֻܡ
΢΢һ𴽽ǣұɡʹߵˣ֮ϵܣǿԱġ
ץסĸ첲ԼһʱһϣһǿĿѹƵ̰Χ
쳣Ůɵúһ£Ҫһ롣
ҪܾСnУĶˡ
ֻԥһ£̶һ룬ͱѹǽϡ
ڷӳ£ɫԵð밵
壬Ķ޵ʣĸûбˣ룬ǲ©˭
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һ´ǣȵϢĲʦͨĶƻʣһ룬֮ǰ˭
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ЦһĲ
һѺʹһĳͬѧͽڡ
𣿡СɵĶתΪ˱һ롣
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ʾֱһ룬ɫɤɢ΢磬˯˭Ĵϣ
ϣգգۣԽԻ
˯˭Ĵϣ˯˭Ĵ
ֻ˿ëʱ˯Ĵ
Ů촽³ԼŵĹ
㰡


37 
򷢳΢ġž, ɫĹâ뵵ĸ䡣
ڵӳŮ̺Ĵһһϵ˵㰡
˼, ѱѹȥ, Ӷͳһɫıӷ, ڻ𣿡
ϣʱ, һаܿǵַǰ벻, ΪҵĴϡ
ʲôѽ˭죿
Ҳ֪, 㡣˵, ı
ҵı
ϣ챾ͳҲһľӡϵһģһ, ͸һаȿ
챾иص㣬дپ, ֻʾһ仰糿ŵʱ⿴һ, һ仰дġ
ô˭أۣ塣
˹ϵ֡ϲһ, ɧĶҪɳʡ
Ȼ˹ǾͲڼұֽţѧԺ
˭أȻѽ
Ҷȥ߿ֵʱֻһλϡտʼΪڹ˼, мҼڿС˼ͦѽ
ϣɢ˼άӦòǼƻ˲ȥȫ鼮ͱӣ챾ܲۡ˳ssrԸоϢ, ŷġ
ϣ˼·, ̧۸, һŮд, ҹϵ̫áҰѱﱻˡһԣôظˡ
ŷСr˵ټ˲ήͿŶȡ
ǰǻѻһһšˣô
롭
ѱҡ˵

ϣԥһ°ѱݹȥ
ӹָ滭˼ʡһɫŰâĸͼڱƤϷ
²ۣ
ţϣ΢΢һҡҡͷ¡
Цһ£סָںɫͼϡ
һ˿ķ绮ָطʹһѪָɫͼɢҫ۵ĺ⣬ڱƤϣʧ
ѱ˵û򿪡ǿп⵽ɡ
ϣӹƤǸϵƤʣԭȲ޲һʣԣˣ
ʲô΢΢һ
˵ҸղŸ˵Ļˣ
š
ΪʲôأϣɻգգëԼţоɰͰ͵ûŷ
ΪϺ߼˵֮ǰҿֽϵĻظʧȥжղҽҾͨˡӦֱ˭ǳơȻԷ֪ҵĴڣ֪ҿ仰
ϣЩȵؿѽ֮ǰж˵ĸŽ鷳˵Ƿ㡣
˭ΪʲôҪʡ
ߵһˣ֮е㾺Ĺϵϲҡ
۸𣿡
û£ôϣЦһ£ҪˣҿɲĶᵽ֡
Ѹٻ£׷ʡ׷ʾζеķաشžǿ޿ְɣ
Ҳǿͷһ죬㲻뿴ˡͰָҡ
ϣһЦҲǰȨ
ˣԼϵĶˣæСrж೤ʱ䡣
Сrʮӡ
⿪ӴµĿӣȥȵŰʣµʱ䡣
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ϣ֪ôȹӡʱ̫żˣûע⡣ע⵽ˣһӼ¡Ҳǰ¶
û뵽ΪϣڷϣѴ´Աߡ
ҵȻ˵㲻˵ܵͬҪһͬ飬Ȼ᲻ġ
һУǶأ뿪Цʡ
󡣡̵ػش𣬡˫˴ֻ˯˫ˡ
ϣ
ͬ鶼Ҫ˯ڴϵģæͣҸ˯һŴΪûдˡÿĶΪҹû취뿪пܣǵȻҪֿ˯ճˣӵһˡǴء
΢΢üʹĶԻ
Ů˯˵Ĵʲô˼
ҪһԱˡŮ˯ŮӵĴϣһ˵ʲôǴ촿˯Ů˯ԵĴϣǾͻ岻˷ҹ¡λŮһʲôأ
죬˯

ôòôӦʲôأ
䡣İɣںڰ֮ģͽһ˶ǾǴӦ¡
°ƺϲ˵ԲҲ˵ҵ岻Ȥ
ŶǾǸûλˡͨ׵㽲ǸŮûôϲϲֱӵľ䡣û¿Զʡһһ˵뻶䣬Ƕϲˡ

𣿡
ţһů͡
Ǿ;ջ
ôջأŮǰֱչʾնͷ𣿡
ҪֻҪԼĳ͹ˡ
ҵĳǿ˴ߡ
ĳΰӵǿɣٸӣŮӶϲȫСԸ
λŮ̫ˣϢɡָ̧̧ͷһ
ԡڴâеϣ
˵Ըءֱûзӵء
վȥѩ׵ļһջĿ⡣ţ΢΢˶׼ȥʱͻȻû
ϣתͷѾߵ赲󲿷ߡֻüԾ޴ڵҹɫлӶ
Ƕʹ
æ̺ӸסԼ͵
OO@@ֻʡ̹ɣĪˡš
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̺һ졣ϸϸĹУӿгһ֧С۳̵ķȡڵűʯͨںڰ֮Ȩȡ
ٿͻȻ΢΢𶯣˲һƬģϣоγعѾϨ߿
۾ղʲôѾιȥˣղŵ¾Ͳܼװû
ԥһ£һеûעõķɡ
˭
һʦҪȥˣҽ
˭أϣ̲סʡ
һϴ½ˣɤͻȻֱ䣬ϵ˾ǼһŪġһΣΡ
ϣʶԺڰ͹˸̵֪ǾǣԾԲҲԲ֪˴֮仹Ĵڡ
ҹŨȼϣڿʲôǰȫСôߵŮоȫУ
ŴӿȴֳҹɫͻȻһ⡣˼ʹ˯ҲϨΪڰаϨΪڤ֮Ϣ
΢ָϢֻӣͻȻӿһɶ
ϣٿۣһѪɫӰӡһŸհʵƤͷƤ˲䷢飬ܵؿ
صϢٶȷųѪӰ΢΢һ£شӴ켷ȥˡոϹа飬ŵ˱֮ζͷҲ̧ĶӡССĹԢ»ָ
£ֻҹаѡ
ϣоЩ֣ΪʲôͻȻа
ʱͻЦ˵ңҲܱ֤а顣
ϣգգۣȻԾͲǿ⣬ҲûĴ㡣
ֳŲһͻȻʣаȫ𣿡
ʲô
һаȫƣڣаҳû
С
𴽽ǣȲʣһ𣿡
ϣ
ʲô
øղſǻˡ
䣬Ǵҹ֡
˭ģ
ߵˡ
ȻȺʹ
ǲԵġ̵СʿҹҪ䡣Ҳ˭˭¡
ôʲô˲ҹأ
㲻С Ҫ
װͰ͵ذͷϢ
ΪʲôҲأ߲ͣʣ˵˵ΪʲôҲУٶ𣿡
ҲǶʹ̵ġ
ϣװ˯ģȵϢ

ϣصϴ½ʱѾˡҪڻؼ֮ǰϵĶװ£糿ʱ·
͵ʱ򶨵ĵصҸ˺ܿҵסСԢ
еĹԢһ䶼ڳҵ666ɫãӦ
¶Цȥ
Ȼǵһ΢΢üͷССķֱ꣬һռ˴󲿷ֿռ䡣иڵϣѵø߸ߵģ컨ϡ
ƺ׬Ǯȫ鼮ĺܰ鰡ֲüְĹҲѡͼݡ
㲻ڵʱҰһ¡Це˵ֵݸ·
ʲô£ϣʱֲõԤС
ΪѧԺʮʦ¸ھҪȥˡѧԺѡʮˡԺصȥΪУĳɼ⡣ǲ֪ΪʲôԵر𲻺ãҶԡԣԺֻ˱һ¡
Ӯˣϣʡ
Ц˵Ҫ֪ҿרҵʦԼֱǸģ
ΪϣŪò¡ϣֱ֪˵ʲô粻Ÿ뿪ϴ½ѧԺͿʼѡΪǸʱôڶʱ
ļˡ̫ĵ˵ü˼ڱرܿιڤ
Ŷˣ˼˵λ½е⡣·ʱ˲ȵȹǣȹƵˡȥϴһ·ų̂˽šվ£ëҵڱУе
͸ˡ
˸Լˮȣʹˡ΢һ¾͸оͷҪɢܡ
ϣ·µĶװ÷ڰϣлл㣬Ҫˣ´㡣
򱳶˻֡
ϣȥŰ֣ƳҲһ棬ѹһɫʯȨȡôۣȷʵǰȨȡ͸еǰһ
ΧͻȻͣѣĸоٴϮæջĿ⣬ǿ߳ȥ
ŵһ˲Ҳ֧ŲסС
Сʱص˼ҡ
߽ҵʱĲʸɴڡ
˹ϳѣ̻ͷЦݲŸ˲ʧ
ʲôˣɫôô԰ף
ϣûлشüڴſţѹԴеѣСrͱȨȻλˣڻûе£ȨȺֱ˹ȥεķ֪ᷢʲô顣
һů͵ĴźϢĹâܵĶĸʧ
ᴭۡ
ڴǰһһ¸ıתһ˿ģأúõû
˹Ȩ𣿡
Ȩȣ˹΢΢һȻСʲô
ҿȨȻᷢʲô£
ֱιȥ
ֻǸеѣûιȥأϣʡ
ǾǶԷʵ⡣
˭ӵȨֶ
˹΢΢ü㿴˭Ȩˣ
ϣ˸סƤҲû˭
˹Цһֳգϵܿࡣ
ϣûԺﲻתŸղŷ顣ǵĻʲô𣬾Ȼô
㣬˹˵˭Զһ㡣ôƵġ
𣿡ϣȵؿ
˹׼̧ۿŮƯ۾ôôξɫϲĴ󺣡˲ûģԷͷ˵ֻСϣơ
ϣ΢΢һһƽȸղͺܶࡣ
˹ұѧԺѡܾҪȥμˡ
˹ǣܿҪȥˣ
ϣʱ뵽˱صڤ»ʲôԺĵסأ
ȥ𣿡ʡ
ڿǡ˹üҲ̫ȥءҿڤСı¶ͻᱻڰ¡֪ģʱʵᱻѹһ롣
˵һֱܺ棬ϣ֪֪ĳࣿ
е֪еĲ֪ҸĹϵǼԷʱԼģ˴˼ʱ嶼һѱ档
ԭһġ
ҲȥҾͻ˹㡣˹Ц˵ȻڰΪλڤôҲҾΪСϣ˹ɡ
Ҳȥ𣿡ϣʡ
һӿʱβ͡
ȤϣЦӯӯ˵Һȥȥءʲô취˹
˹գŽëͷԼ̲סٴסգÿĿľͻջҡ治ƽҲ𣿡
ôа취˹ϣϸʣɫ۾Өıʯ
ͻȻաϣ΢΢ü߹ȥһֻ׵Сһͷ
򿪴Ŷϣĳˡ
ţֻһ仰ɡ
˹ˣѾҵһš
е㲻̫ȥ


38 
Ҫšϣ¹·
Ҫһĵֲ͸Ըеȹ, ȹһϵµĴ
Ҫţڣ˹Ƴһ۴⣬͸źڰҹĻУֻʣһյĹԡ
ʱոպðϣһ׵˿ȹӡ׺˷˿, Ҫúܽܿȹ, źüɢĻߡǰvֲ̫ֻ¶һͷ
㲻𣿡
Ҿ, ҲҵѻҳԷϣȹӶŴ¾Ȼһ, תߵϴȥ
ʮӺ, ߳ͷ鷢Ѿ˱ɢɢźĳ󡣽һԲ̫۵СϣͬĽָ
, ˮ硣һ¾ͣˡƤϵʪ⣬ǺͶͿһ㣬ζɢ
˹ֱпǽϹЦЦ鿴æµ
ϣ˿ûעĿ⡣һ֬ĨĻġ
ģ΢, ͬʱӵĺ졣
׼Ϳʱһֱֻ§סӳ˹Դ
Ҳ²£ɤһ⣬ǸҩʦǺƤѣ
ʲô𣿶Ѱ
Ҳѣôôʢװ磿
ϣžЦЦ, ǲ֤˹ġҲױѽ
˹˲䱻Ц, ѵ˵𣿡
ǰ, Ůգգ, ˿Ķҵļ, ֻ㿴ʵһ档⻹𣿡
Ȧְȥ, °Ĵϵһ¡
˹ЦղŻΪ벻ȥصİ취ôһͰһˡ
ûΪѽ˵
˹ŴԽԽ䡣
ϣ͸ӿĿգ΢΢Щȡƽ˵̵Ļǽȴˡ
Цʣˣ
˹һԣǹЦ
еѰ졣Ұ㣬ܿ˹ȻǵθڡǹҲ̫ˡ
һ£ָմһ֬࣬תЦ˵ҪͿ촽ҿûĨԡ
˹ֱۣķԼžĨȥ
ͰҿŮƯӺ΢΢ţһԵĹ⡣ɤŴľĽ˹͡
˹ͷ΢һ£ǿĿͶĴ
ϣЦһ۵Ĵ΢΢ſϸ׵ָͿ֬ࡣ
洽Σ촽һ̺죬񽥽ӣҡ
˹ͷ⻺ʧЩ
ϣ۾һЦ⣬ָĵͿŴֻͿ÷ǳ棬һЩͿ촽ߣ񾭹һҵǣ׻һ
ŮͿβüҹżȴĵЦ⡣
˹΢Ҳ޷ͣסԼķһͷݺȥ
ϣԹԵǣֱСrμһֲᴭƿ
ҪˣҺ𣿡
ȥ˹ס°ͣĴ
Ҿȥø˵õģܿͻס
˹룬ֻ
԰
˹𴽽ǣаɣһ¡
ϣ΢΢üѾ׵Ĺˡ˹ǾԲιˡ
ǽǵӱˡ죬Ѿߵˡ򴽣ٵȥǿͷͬ⡣
˹һЦ⣬°͸
оǴʪһ򣬽Ƥⱻݺ˱һڡ
ѽ˹æȥ󷴱סë׵ͷеǡ
˹ɿʱŤͷӡСɵϣͮͮıһĺۼ
ȥˡͷЦ
ϣһ£ۼ˹ɶЦһεذȹǡ΢¶ż򣬼ֱһλεı־һ±˿ʱ־
˹Цʣ鶼ղŵһģһ
ǡɶ
ϴջ޼ƿʩɫſ첽˳ȥֱ¥ݣŷŻŲ¹ƽЦ⡣
㻹ЦóۼҪôȥ񰡣Сr˵
Ҳʶֺۼϣ
ûûʶСrͬ˵ɣпָܻ֮һļŶ
еϣսһ䴢ң˹̹ҫͷųĹ˲佫յѩǽĳ룬˷
õģóľǰƱơ
һӺǴһС߳˴䡣
ϣβź˳˵ȥϴθһļҡβ˵ΪĵظԱŵĲüۡ
ϣܿ쵽˹סĽ
һ·Ƿš
ֽ϶̶̵Ļƺǰûʲô仯Ӧûлָ䡣˹ָ䣬صһʱصȡ¡
ǼŶһӰûУҲšԻָһЩǰ䵭
ǵġ֮ǰõľһż߻ԭλĶʹ̫šȨȶûֹ˻ĹһȨȰѼʧ˶á
ǰܣѾܿ˹Ժǿˡ
ͻȻе飬˹֮ǰտ԰ʱӦĺúõģˡҲܹʵ̫æˡ
˳ƿԺӵţŶʯС·ȥ
ԽԽ˸ߴƯɫķ֦ʹȼ
̨ףȥšָδȥžͿˡ
΢΢һԥһ߽ȥ߽ķŲæҺЦת
˹Űɫĳºͺɫ㡣¿ϵڣ쵽⡣ȥʪģƺղϴʲô鵭Į䣬ȹȥҪءڿһ˲䣬ԱЩ͡
˵Ӷûƣ´βš
ʹɤģϣҲܸоԷŬʾů⡣ǡʲôطͬء
ʱ᲻ŵ㣿Цų˹߹ȥ
ᣬ˹ƽ˵ʳԹ𣿡
ûСȻȥĸ첲Էܵ΢΢һ¡ּۿؽסĸ첲ʮָա
ǲԵġ˹΢΢ü
ΪʲôأϣЦʡ
Ҳ֪˹˵Щƣֱԡ
ֱ𣿡ϣ΢΢ϸشüۡٻϸһЩӳ͵ıɽ¶
˵ǰ˹ǸԸĮ࣬ڵоһЩȻɵĮȻĮȻƺûпĹͷһ㱡ͼڽ塣
˹Ƴһʮָյ֣ɵֻסϣ󣬰ֳ˵ָ˵ĲһǲԵġ
ϣЦһ£ⲻǰݵĵСʿ֪ĸˡ˹ԼиǿЩŸǰйϵʹһûʽ
ɰȥֻʮָˣҾѣ·͸ֵġ
ŮЦշ۷۵ģëգգģ񻶿ĺ
˹һ㣬ƺͦû취ģع˹ѣҲ
ûаֳ鿪ųķȥ
ˣҵǸ𣿡ϣĵʡ
ţҵˡʳûʲôֻҾЩ䡣
Щ䣿Ƿõķ𣿡
ǡǶԵġܻӦӦùġڵܾܲԾ
ϣṴ𴽽ǡٵ죬òµӡǣͱĨûˡ
νĲԾֻǻָ֮һ񣬲ϲԵĽӴˡ֮һϰϰߡŰ˹Ū
ߵԭɫĳľϷżŻͺһඹĢ
˹Ķ棬ָֻ䡣һ֭ԼȰˮ
ϣע⵽Сϸڡʳû⣬ӿȻΪˮˡָ֮һ˹ζˣɲС
ַ֭ˣüͷ
ôˣ
ܱ֭СԹ
˹ԵЩ⡣
ѽرر
ҿ˹Щɻؽӹ֭塣¶˿о⡣ԼեĹ֪֭ûзű飬ôأ
ѱƻȥ
ϣϽӱӣĺܱ㳢
˹΢΢ԥһ£ܺһСڣȥ¶ȡ
𣿡ϣװɻ΢΢ͷûлܣֱźȡ
ŮĴཱུģһ޵õ廨Ρ
ȹһں󣬺촽뿪ܡ׵ǳǳõɫۼظ˹ùĵط
˹΢ʲôðеȵģ·ڴߴʲôͬʱҲһ䶫ǹȥ
˹ˣǳԷɡϣѹ֭ƿ֪ղʲôһϵͷ򵥵İͷɵһ١֮ǰͷڸǵĽһӾͱ¶˳
ǴĽһõĻӡôʣԵǸողüģһ¾ɵĺۼûС
˹ⶢȥղӿһȶ˲ȥȻ֪ڸǵĶʲôȻôոպǸλأ
ϣ;ߣʼسԶ˿ûз˹ԽԽһ
һҲںԷ˽;ƹһ̨ùԴԼҲǿ齺ӵĴۡ
ʮӺ²ӡඹĢһȤûУҲֻǿ˰š
ֹͣòͣ˹Ҳӡһ֣Լˮرȥ
ĳһٱҲ塣ϣȤؿţֱ˹˵ȥ
Ҵʲô̸ȥ
˹ԥһ˵ѯһͬеʦ˵һ˵ǻصزҾƺϲ̹ɣĪزֻסٸһ㣬׼һ
ϣûȥĶ̹ɣĪ΢΢һ˶ʹ
;˳𣿡
̫˳˹ڿذϵһӴ򿪣оա
ƺ˵˵ʹסˡר־
ϣͳһװ̲סЦһ£ԭ˵زѽΪڿЦ
˹ҲһЦزȡһӵݸϣΪûʲôöһһ˵ɽȣѡ
ʲôϣЦŽӹϵĶд򿪣ƿиǣһֻƴ°ɫĴСè䡣ҫ£ȫ¹Ĺף۾ʯ
ÿǺÿƺرЩʧ׸ص㡣Ȼȥ˹Ц
ƺʲô˹Ṵȡһöͭ͵СèߡСèһ㣬۾תһ£ͭȥϣȵһ
һ룬Сèſԣ˵аɣϡ
˹ְһöιСèɤ̱࣬ҡҡβͣջһǣڼԺ󡣡
ϣ΢ⲻȻҪֻèȻԤԣ
˹ȡһöңϣæ֣Цӯӯ˵֪ôˣȤҺϲ
˹ѽָڲ輸ϣ һ򵥵ҾĹӦûϲԾʹ˻
رϲϣѺӷڷϣҪһ顣
ʱҲһ׼˹˵Ҳʱıʱ򡣡
һ²ı䡣ϣЦӯӯ˵
ʲô
ϣֱۻزĲӣָͷԼѹ촽޵ȥСè˵Ǹǰ
˹鵭ĮΪҪ˵ϣ˵ǲԵģҲ
˹Ṵ˹ǣ˵Ĳ
Ŀϣɤ𣿡
𣿡ϣָ㣬ƺе㷳գŵʱӶˣҾýˡ
˹Цһ£ԭҧİ
ôҲû취˭ҵõòء˹˵üˣΰɡ
˹ƳһۣҾûҪôŰɣȥˡ
ϣЦһ£ַڽϣգգëΪʲôأ˹˲Ǻ뿴𣿸ղųԷʱҼһֱء
˹ŮĴúܽԸоǹԼ°Ϻϡԭ붯ָǣ£˺˽
ҿһ˲䣬۾΢΢Ů΢ǴûʲôۼֻһźͮͮġСɵıµػڰļϣѪܵ΢һࡣ
ϣǣúīˮġīˮֺޣڸ˲ݮӡ
øΪΣԷȤֻͣŽڸǵĶʺͲɱ۾Ľܷá
˹ֱսͷѹøͣĴȥɤֻ˹Ŷ
˹Ǹ嵭ģʾѱŮһƵ޷ά侲
ͷᴭϢţһסŮҲûԥȥ
ڴһ˲䣬˹ԺڱŴĮߣȻնѡ


39 
ϣ׻ؼ, ˳
ܸ˵رʾ
ƿҵţ˹ڵ̺ϣһɫĶڶߡ
ģģһ, ϤѣθϮ, æۣеˣվסѸ׹
屻һɾķ͵ؽסůĴźζĹͷ¡еѣθ˲䱻ϡһա۾, ˹һ˿Ц鴳۾
ôôɣǡǡͽʱ
ͽ
ǰҲдţżҲùһ¡
˹Ȩ, ϣæۡ
õģ˹Ц˵ڵõҵ, Կ
Žɵذ۾һ, ϶ӳ·ǺӲõȨȡ
ӤȭͷɫʯڻƽȨȵĶûиȨһҵĸ߶Ȼתš
Χ߿ӣҴʯͷеıʯССķӳ, ǹһͶӰƯڿС
ȨȰϣ̾˵
ǰ˹һŶĿűʯתָһƯڿеǹ⡣ǹһ, 䡣
ϣ·ӿĴ֮ϡ
Ǻڵ, ˮҲǺڵġű, һ׵ڱǵ֡һһ, һСƬҶһ, ȥ
ʮŶ˹, Ŵʹˮ, ˫ֽգͷڼװ壬촽ͣڴﻹһŮһӤſҲڲͣ
˵ﴫϣУæ˹ӣ죬˹úƽϢǰɣҾôҪˡ
˹ЩȵؿһۣתͷһȨȡ˲Ϣ䣬ƽ˾װϵǲŵ໥ţһӵһ𻶺
˹תһʯǹһʧ»ָԭŤͷϣɫЩĪ⣬ô³
ϣһ£ŷӦղǼ˵³һ֡Ҳԭ˵ԡ
ϴ½ءͨ³ʵ̫Сˡѹ˹¶顣һ뵽׵죬⡣
ڿ˹µļŮ;³ˡҸľˣȻһЩ³ĪĿⶢ˹˵ʲôֵĻһ
˹´һŴЦȻֺӦܿ졣
Ų㡣Ϊ飬ϣźߵǰԤСè˹ע³ˡ
˹Ȼȫעʲô
͵
˹΢΢üΪʲôй˵ζ
ΪֻԤԵСèѽơϣڴһöͭҺһöҡ붼Ͱѽؿڴ˹˵ǮҽèĶӾòˡʧĵطȥ
úܣȻʡʡ
ͭҵݵСèߣСèͷһͰͭҳԽ˶̧Ƴϣƺһöͭҵ⣬ǳܵ˵ϡ
ƣЦ˵ιҺͽңϸĴ𰸡
˹üͷĸѸģҩʦ
ʲô𣿡
˹ȨèԴⶫմȾǿҵ˵ϢԤ׼ȷʸߣͲǷ˴ģӦ֮ˡôҩʦôõƷأ
ϣ΢΢һ֪׼ȷʸ߲ѽӦò֮ġƽƷҲЩЧСֽֽ֮֡ܲİɣ
˹Ƴһۣû֮Ψһı֮ȨѾˡ
һöңݵèߡ
ϣ̸ȤؿȥͭǷܵķӲҡβ͵ķûʲôġ
èŵ˽ҵζ˲۾˹Ƶ̵ҡ
Ǯͭζ˷ҡβֱͣ˶衣
һ㣬Զʧñ졣ҪüۣҪ֪ϹҲûá
˹̳ۡʲôƢȻҲᾭӿˡԤèÿ仰ܲǹ˼ϣĶèͷ
Ҿò׼ϣæ˵
˹ƳһۣҪ׼òҪ
ףʲôأ
ǽǵʮһ£ǰ˹ԣ˹ҹĿʼϴ½֮󣬸ϣıϢһʱͷ
ƳԤèһۣȷʵ̫׼ֻʣһСʱϾҪ˯ˡ֪νļʺ
԰ǲ׼ϣæͣ۰ͰŶԷ߽ϴңɿ
˹һֱϲ˹ҪèΪˣҲûֹϣңԤèͦõġ
˹˵öԣԤèӦþ֮ġ֮ͨţܿǵĹϵȻĶһǺöҪš
Сr˵е㲻ס
ʲô
Ϊʲôôϲ˹ȴûΪѹԷأһʧװɣ
Ϊûа˹֡ҲںϣЦ˵
ȻеʱΪϵò㹻ӡΪһ˹ŵִƽ⡣ҲΪʲôһֱڲٵԭ򡣡
һ֪ԷǸһǾͲͬˡøǿңҲȫͬʮ־ҵسԴסȻһеǰǱ֤Ȼ
ϣһ߸Сrģһ߰챾ͳ˯ǰ޶һԱصë
৵ëд£ʲô
ȴԷظʱҲ˷ʱ䣬ʼСrʣķ
ڹһ׬֡ټϺ񡭡
ô𣿡ϣȵش
ԣȹ֭һ֣Ǻ֡
Ϊʲôôࣿ
ǵʱļڶԸϵ޸
Ǽû뵽ϲȻĮ޸նˡּµõĺøֵǺܿɹ۵ģϧǵ޾֡
ȵȵȣϣٴδʲô֣
ܽܵĺøֵֻ֡
Σϣü˵ǡӵ£Էҵĺøֵж٣ֻܽյ֡ʣĺøֵ˷𣿡
ԡΪĺøֵ̫󣬽ճޣϵͳͻбջٵĿܡ֮ǰҲû뵽йθ߷ֵļ¼ʱҼڱջٵıԵˡԼǹ㣬ȫľǵν֡Сrһ£֪äе߶ôİɣ
֪𣿡
ǣǵ̺ĺøֵΪøе־޴󡣲ȻƾԼ޷ĵߡ
ԭϣͷ֮ǰ֡ҪøֵʲôԭõĵʵԼŬ
ţ˵Ҳû
ˡô˵˯˹Ҳû尡ֻ֡
Сrҡͷøֵ֣ssrҲһҪ˯˹񣬾͵ڰ̳·ǰһ󲽡
ԭϣͷҼסˡ˯Ҳġˣ˵ʣٷ֣
ӵssrҺͶʮĶֵһʮ㣬ʣʮһĶֵˡ
һֻ޴ϣϱ˹ȥʵ̫ǮˡڴϡÿһֱּȼѪ
ÿ춼ĶֵˡȻǸɻ׬
˵öԡϣ챾˯ǰ׬һֲ֣һġ
˹ϴ߳ʱľڸ졣
Цһҹ˯ڸĸѣ
ô֪죿ҲдҵϣͷҲ̧˵
ϵı͵رߣЩջ̧ͷͫӳ˹űڿӡ
ҡȥץ˹ٵøߡվץԷͷذѹڴϣɤų
ÿ춼æŸԽ׬ǮؼһҪʰұ֤һᾡȥ㡣´ȥͿţɡˡ
ô֪ÿæ׬ǮʰӡͿţ𣿸òֱӴӳ˳˵Լİɣ
֪ԼĴ˰ɣϣһ㲻գЦӯӯ˵㿴ֻܿʵҡ
˹΢΢һƤһŮ޳ܵģЦˣϣʵҲչʾ˿
ϣ§סĲӣ˵ֻ˹
Ϣ絽˹Ĳϣĺٿһ
Ůϸ׵ǡǰǺǴۼεذ档
һȣͷصһ¡ŵϣæ˹ҪϢˡ
˹Ȼ֪ʲôЦһɿվõģҲ㲻ϲ¡
ȥ߸ԼһˮȡسϴȥϢֵͨ࣬ôġ
ϣӰȫʧŰѱ৵д
һ֡ԺڰġСr˵
𣿡
ڱдˣҪȥæˡ
ȻظͰѱϣܿĵضСr˵˷ҾͿӵмäˡ˹ʱҸоʣµİ˷ȫϡ
ңԶıڤҪд֣Ϳϸֳһ䡾ˣҪȥæˡеĹʧ
Ĵָظּ
ֵصĶʹСƳϵߴһۡ
ôҪһСʱʱˡ

ѧԺ¿ε죬ϣͱܳ
ѧԺȥؽʱֻʣ죬ҪڼѼŪڷͽ𷢵ͬʱǰ֣ǲ׾ͱסˣ
ÿǼ˵̡Сr̲סѡ
֪Ҳ¡
СrȻô˵Ǻܵİ
ϣȥ˹ڿоͼ߽Ժӣ̰Ŵ򿪡
ű⻹Ҫҫ۵꣬ͦεվſڵ̱á˹˲䣬ƳһԺǴΪʲôÿζ沢վֻ
Źϣʹۣʼˡ˵ˣҪһӤûôվ
aͰb໥һۣԱ
ʹ˸ۣҪ˵ʲôͱ죬۾سȥλ˵Сһž§ס˹
Ҳ¼ְɣb˵æһϸմİߣҪˡ
ȰŲҪϹæaҲ˵ȻĺܡԼģʮƯС˨һҲû취һס
ҪǲԵġ
Ϊʲôأҿͦϲѽϣ˵һ¡
˹ƳһۣȦסڻվصʯϣˤȥ
ٱһ˵
ʲôʱأϣɿ֣߽
ʲôʱ򶼲ԡ˹ع𴽽ǡȻ͸žܾ˼̬ʮֲϿҡ
ʲôϣŵĵͼ
оء
оأЩȵؿ
ţ˹ɳŵͼһžڱأһѾȷλˡ¸ȥؽҲһȥ
ҪȥҼţһ𣿡ϣһ֪Ϣĸһ㡣
òú˸뷨˹
˹ͬΪ˹Ǹͨꡣ˹ȴ֪ĹĻ᲻Ϊҹ鷳ײ𷢵
ȥ֮ǰѼäˢ
ôˣ˹ɫԡ
ûʲôæ£΢ɲؾ˾ȹvһЩĿˢķ֡
˹ĿȻͶѩ׵ļ
΢΢һ£ָ쾾ȥָỬһ΢£ĴvСv죬ʵʵذѩ׵ļظסˡ
ˡ
˹һЦһâʱķ硣
ϣ
ҿ׼
ҵϥˡ
˹΢΢üҿ
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Сr˵Ҫ˵˭ͷ㣬Լ̫ˡΪ΢ײһӡӡû뵽ײô
ϣûпع΢Ц
֮ǰ˵÷ֵ㡣Ϊи¶ȵĽڣǽݺһġ
ԭֻײ͵ˣû뵽ײôԺķӦѾǰһˡ΢ͰǽĵһƤ
˹üָٺۣ̻Ů˻һ
Ƴһۣôˣ·ײǽϡ
ϣе㾪ȣֻһ˿ھжϳԭ𣿡
ţ˹˵ı죬Ȼ֪Ϊʲô
ΪʲôΪǹ֮ѽϷŶӵϯʦ˭һڡ
ϣһҲɳ֡
˹Ƴֵһۣû˵ͷų֮⣬Ϊٺۡ
룬ϥǾ
ϣеײײ˼۵ⱾС
κˡ˹ʾԷȥˡ
һûκŶЦ˵˹ˣȹһ㡣
˹ԥһ£ְϥϵȹƸһ㡣
ûطءϣ˵
˹֣ͣʣûô죿д˶ĲΡ£Ϲܶεˡ
еġŮЦӯӯ˵ˣôҵˡ
˹ԺкȻըһ׹⡣ĵطŻڵصڵأһСڱնϵߡ


40 
ȹ, ѩ׵ȸһȦ죬ЩѪ뵽־ж
˹ۣƵؿǸ, Ѿ֪Χ
û뵽Լ˵ġ˵ġ
ݡ
һŶСr˵, Ҳ֪ΰĹʲô
ϣһЦ, ˵˰ɣ˹ˣ
Ǹ˹ָܵͣʩչ
֮ʱŮҲڶ, ԭ˹˾ԴƵѰֻ̹֮û˵Ǽȡ
һֻȵסĴ۾΢΢, ˹ȥĽë
, ټһŶҾüþհ, ܱŹ񿴻ط
аɡ
ϣֱۣпɳϡ
һ˹ȹں, , ԶҲ𣿡
ȻûС
ô֮أ
ϣԥһ¡
˹һ, ȷȥ
ҪȥĶϣվæʡ
˹ɤ, ȥ
, ȥϣЦŸȥΪˡȷʵȥе㲻ء
˳, ˹ûæ, ֻһԿ
¶ɾֱۡɫƤʵšͷɢĽԸУʵԵֿ
ϣ˹ƽ׹Сţţ̲סЦʳôͻȻʳ
ġ˹˵
ۣϸĳ̶ȺСr̲ס廰һǿϴβԸԟhĢ׼ţšϲĹ񰡡
СҵһšżһɲһܱȵġڵСһڴͬļ롣ȵȫҵʱҪعλˡ
𣿡ϣʡ
ǾҪŬˡĹ̳ǵռĿ갡ۣʹС
Ҫź𣿡˹ʡ
Ҫ
š˹Ӧţתźںƿӣϸϸİѷĩȥ
ϣһֱЦӯӯض˹Ͽ£󿴵ҡ
˹ʼնһģרעеŤͷһۡϣͣ΢ĽëԿʵûбô
ڣзѵʱ˹̲סˡһƬͮͮķƬ߹ϣȻץסӿٰתȥ
ϣҪŤͷԱߵͱƹһСкõķƬ
ҪٿˡЩε
Ӱķ𣿡еЦ
ûлش
˺һ뷬Ƭˣ˹˵һֱҡһúȡ
ŶСrֽУҲˡ˵ˣһŶҲ̫׬˰ɣ
ǰΪʲôأ˵ڲͣ޲Į
ϣСӲһƬƬ⡣
ĵطһֻڵļűշݵſڵϣѾ֯ʵʵֵ
Сʱ緹ϣɨһۡкںСţš㶹Ũͨķۺͺ濾Ѹɲ룬һǸ׼ġ˹ʳ
ƺֶ˹ɴѡһԡĥʣµһôõŮ̲ס͵Цŵ˰
ϵĽʮְ
˹ȴڵˮ
Ҳ֪⿵ζãǱԭϣǻվȥȡֵϡһΡһǺۡһǰɰǡ
⡢ֱָۡһƷ˿Ůɢĵ㣬Ҳȫڸʳζ
ѾԲͨķ۵ʲôζˡʼҲԷƵȥȡΪʳʱûŵζϡ
˹СиʳܿĽӴֱʣɲԺİˮ
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Ҳ֪ССôµġ
е㿴Լĵ꣬ʶϣùıӾٵߡϴŮЦ˹˲ҪȴŶһùġ
Ĵ뿪ڣȥ͸ĲԵոôĵطһǳĴӡſſԹԵģģղǵǰһ
ˮָҲûԼְŮԺ󣬱ȵĴסҪڡ
Ժɵúúõļţʲôûɡֻ̯﷢ͱƾճֵһ¡
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ôˣǿųһ˿֯Ĵֳȥһ룬Ĵֲ߻ӡǸɱһ˻ǹ㣿ʹǿɫϣԼ׵ÿʹˡ
ְסֵǻˣҪǡˣȻù񡣷Ŷ
ĴͻȻֿϣЩƵۡͫӳ˹Ƶҵ顣
ôˣֵʡʮ֮һļҳ̶ȶûء
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ϣɻ⿴ȥû˹ôãֻǿԺ￿һˡŽֵƺû￴
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ϣ۰ͰͿ
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ҲܳҲʮ롣
˹ɿˡ
аɡ
ϣɿĽرãɲ빦һ
ߵͥԺ
ŲԺվ꿴ɢɢģɫĪϣҲ˵ʲô顣
ôͻȻҹˣվʣ𣿡
˹ϵ´ۣ΢׵Ĵ϶˼롣
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߰ɡ˹סʶתͷߴ˹Դû
ϣû˹˻ӡ
˹վڷ£ͦΣ΢嵭
ϵֻĿ⾪㵵ؿ㲻ԼҪҪסǡͨڰʱ򣬾ǵڸǴ˼
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ϣʱֱ۷ʯһظĽŲԺӡ
߳ȥȵطֶԷȻƽ˹Ǵֱ˲ƻȥġ
˹ţȥԼĶ档
Źغõһ˲䣬˦ʻ
ʱ磬ҵСȣϣо󱳳һ㱡־Լȷ硣
˹˫ֲ嶵ĵؿҪ˹ˡ
ڣϣ΢΢ۡ
˹ᡰšһеҪȥҪȥ죬ҲҪá
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ϣצӰȥǶԷ˿
ں춼ǻˡ˹˵ָضѶĿںô濴أɱˡ
˵ϣƳһۣĿ档
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Ҷ˵˱˵ϣظһ顣
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аɣԸ뿪
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֪Ѱʲô˹Ƶ˵Ҫȥ𣿡
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ˣ˹ִһȨ֪ʲôⲻѡο̻еĿŵˡȻ˴ȥ̽·Ȼȫ
ϣʱоͷƤ飬ΪԷͻȻչֵᣬҲΪͻȻֳĶһС
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ϣһͻ˹˹Ŀǲǰмһˣһ˿ء֪˰ɣֲýʱûнԺӣƺڼɵʲô
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ûең˹뿪ˡ
ϣſڴϣ档ӡˣҫȫɫůķ紵ĳһְ͵ķΧĵؿžﲻϻط˹Ļ
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ںΪϻ۵һʷǲǸ½սΨδȥֳĵΪɾ衣
ô죿ǲҪˣ
ġϣޱȼᶨ˵˵ҲǵҵСס
Сrֻܾ̾ԭ硣ʱͿ߷ı꣬һС
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СrгʱͣβԺ档ϣ˳Ҫ뿪ͱסˡ
С㣬һöҡڰ˵
ʲôһöң
˹ȻгǮ
ϣһȡһöҸ˳ʡϸ㣬ʣһٰʮˡǹˡ
ȥأƻҪǮһһ߿ǲӦøµĸĸдţҪ֧Ԯ˵ʵ׼ı˸ĸҲ˼ҪǮ
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ëѾˡ
Сr
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Ϊʲôķ֣ϣÿϸüҼǵӦssrҡʮ߸ĶֲֵŶԡ
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ţ˹ڡɵġϣת˸ȦȦת˴¾ǰŮɢŮϢ
֪ΪʲôһˡСr̯֣̫ʺˡ.ʱʦ.겻.Ů.溣.
˵ˣϣЦſֻǣû취ѡϲĶѡ

ϴ½ѾʱյҹҲʼһС
ϣóȹӣ׺ëࡣ϶ĺ£Χס
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ˡ
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ʹʮ̹ͷǾ鷳ˣ
鷳ϲ˵æ΢΢תŤ޵ȥ
Խڰ޵Խ졣
Ů߿⻹һ
޴ĺɫ񷶥޾ԨûйԴǶںڰԣø
ֹסŲ̧ۿλ˯ںɫĴϡ̺Ӹǵϵģʲôû¶
Щʧŵؿȥ
ڰͻȻƯ΢΢Ŀֱӹȥ
ŵæſڵϣҪˡ
ڰһҵĺڷɤĮ˵ɡ
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ҪȥĶȵʡ
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ǡû졣æѡ
ûϵ֪ˡػظһƤŽڴʧڴС
֪
գգۡ
ô֪ģ


41 
صĶ䡣
峿, ߴ˪Ĳ͸Ө׵ĺëĴѩƮƮ¡һ, ̨Ͼͻ˺һ㡣
ϣվӻһ߲¯, һ߸졣
ĶӺŮĬſѧԺѧϰ̫˲ˡھĬſ𣿡
ķͺȱѡȥϴ½ҪܻЦе˵ִδʦļͥ, һӳʵǲסҪ׬Ǯ, ûк֮ǵѧϰ
ۣ̫ˡϣֻڹά, ʵؾˡ
һӳʦȻȫûСβҴδʦ, Ҳ㵽ͬʱѡнǾͲˡ
ѽ, ҡпˡſͭ屻죬̰ĿͶȥһ;޵صɴۡ
ϣڵͷѡӡڣˮǴӺϴ½ڵġΪҪõԲˡѡÿӣǮ
Ҽҵĳ۸ġһʮҡ
ϣᡰ˻һ, ٸۡ
ϴ½, һгҲֻҪʮͭҡȻϡΪ󰡡´Ҫˮɻ
ڵÿԴ, һٰʮҪдôġ
ˣҿԲԳ, һɡѵشӶöҡ
һ𣿡ЩȡȻ۸, Ҳû˭ֻһġ
ϣ΢΢ü, һ񣬴Ӷңôɡ˵öԡҾԡ
ǸţҸúðԼ᲻óҲҪСܿɰһǳɫֽѳӰ
Ӷɡ
ͷһͳĺɤϣ΢΢ײ˺ɫëƤëѩڻˮҲһմϡͷͫӳ˫Ưһۡ
ãЦӯӯ˵
΢΢𴽽ǣͳöҵݸװӵĿӣ߰ɡ
ϣϰõӣѴԴñӸǺã߳ӻ̡
ϣû̷˽Ųһߡ
ѩЬ׵ļѹ£֨֨
ΪʲôͻȻ
첻𣿡
ܺãΪæ
쵱Ȼæϣ۾мƬѩ䵽ëȥˣǣ첻̫æ
Ƴһۣ΢ָһ͵ĹȻ£ѩȫߡ
ˣϣ߽Ԣ¥ʱӴϻŵѩڻΧ·ѥӣȫʪܵġɪɪ
Ӧ㱱·ӴȻÿɿ
һâ£ϣоԼˡȻһ£ͷŵˮ˲ʧ·ů¯Ӻ濾һϡ
㴩̫ˡü
϶¥óԿ״šȽȥٸŽȥְŹϡ
Ҳůͣ¯ûա
ȥ¯
ϣѳӴ¶ͳߵԣϵˮٰƤ
¯תϷһƬĳӣ滹Сľ档Աһĳɫֽһ֪ԼǮǸӡ
һΪ̫࣬ûһһֻһֽ
΢΢߹ȥľӣŽǺͨˮ;Ҫ
һŶСrС˵
ϣ𴽽ǡֳƬְѲϵΧϵһߣ˵һҪٳȥһˡңúóˮ
ٿ̧ۣ͸һ־ȣҪȥĶ
µľǵʡǲԵȣÿȣ󶼵Ȳ
ȥһһֱȥĵطϣģɵ˵ϵףתſȥ
ͫ΢΢һһסţʵʵŮС˵ȥĶһȥɡ
ϣ΢һ£һͷ¶Сޣ¶°һڶѨģ˲еĸģֱôһ룬ˡ
־мСrѡ
Ŷ
һ߰ɣشظһ飬ұ֤㡣ֻԱ߿ͺá
㰡װԥһµͷҲаɣеԶ
Цһ£ҲԶڤάɿҲԶˣ
ھ߰ɡϣЦӯӯȥŰ֡
ʹȥ𣿡΢΢üȥһ·ǻٴʪ͸ġ
Ŷûϵģϰˡ
ëϡ
ϣûüܾͱëûˡĸߴֻؿڡ㴩ϸ߸ЬŽǡ
ͷԼĶˮһŮűЦһ£΢ָͷųһ
̾㣬ֱͣŮСȶӲͣ
㴩Ҳܱϣֻųͺɫëµ˵ҴĶ㲻Ҳ𣿡ȥӣüôұ㴩öһЩ㻹Ǵȥɡ
ѹס֣һִֻ򿪱ڹ
ϣ۾΢΢һﻹտҲҲ֪ǲǸողſ˹ģ
־һ´ϣˣҸһůˡǿˡ
ϣżߣֻһӣ̧֣ŲŶȥġ
ͷӳŮϸ׵ָɵظϵſӡ򴽣ɫĪ⡣
һ֡
ϣ̲סСr̾ҲСΪһС£׬øֵҼöӣ÷ֻ֡Ҷϸǰܹʲôѵһذ˶û𣿡
ûССr˵˽⣬ΪڰսᣬҶϲʱһֱ۸󣬴Ȩֻϻúô䱸ʮء
ʱ̫ˡ֮սոս˶һ˲ɽװʶӣͷ͸𺳵ľֱӰǶˡ滹иҩиů顣˸ûᡣΪĶǿĺڰ񡣡
ôСҵ򱦱Ҫذ
ϵˡ̧ۣЦ˵
Ҳϵ𣿡
ûУֻϵ
Цһ£ĿסۣЩ˵Ժֻܸһϵӡӡ
ðŮشӦ漴üʲô˼
ߵ˸ңһȥһ˵Ŀӣ䡣
ϣ
ע룬ͻȻ壬ʹĺ󱳵ϡ
ת΢΢ĶϣɤֻҽӣҲĿӣҶᷴ
ϣ΢΢ۣоһġ
ͳһĵÿֶȽŶЩ
𣿡һ顣һԸеȵϢһͬ˵ߣ
Щܲסر֪ˡҾԲ˽ӡ
ӣͲˡ
õ֤ƺ⡣ֱϸذѶϵñӸǺãš
ϣǣ߳ȥֹµɫֱҪ
߳ԢϣĦְʮšڴ֮ǰȴȥĳµꡣ
ΪҪװϾ·̫ˡû뵽ͣڳµſʱȥ˶ʮͬ޴ºë¡
һĸͭҡЦе˵
ϣӶͳһֻصСǮлӵŮһǮ롣׾ҳҪǮҡ
ӦæȥͿڴϣס֣ԼǮ
Щɻط֣Ǯϸϸĸ첲ȥǶȻ
æͷų׹Сɽߵʮ˲ɰƴСսڴ
һ־ηĿȻΪǸʦ
治ϣ̾˵㼫ˡԺƵ飬æ𣿡
㵽Ҫȥʲôأ̲סʡ
ϣһ߳ȥһ˵һ֪ˡ
ЦŴ򿪳ȥԾȥߡ
һ·ֵۣߵľﲻϵر仯ϴ½ľͬصĽȺǳߴɫҲǺڰ׻ҡ
еķӶӵŸ߸ߵļⶥһ׶һ͸ıһ֮¡
һֱţ״̬㹻㡣
ƽطʱһһ졣Ҳûĵο˷ֱ
ôʻǿҵĹ⡣ΪڰֻΪ˷⡣뿿øֻˡ
ͣǰ֩ϸϸӾ񽻴޷ͨ
ϣ³ȸ˳ʡղڵƳһۣŮСǮʣһöҺͭˡ
ϣһķѡһֿʼпٴС
ŮߣҲʵȥĶ
յķ߹ιַſյģȫԼһ˵ĸоͣһֱȥ
ִһŮƶɫ΢΢𴽽ǣȥǳ죿
ţСʱﳤġϣɫ糣ؿʼ¡
΢΢ۣһ۴жãһģһĺɫӡС׷ݻ֩֫ɡ
ǿάɿƶߡÿǲˣ϶ŶľͱࡣѰչЦݵϣһ
ҳ󣬾Ͱϣ˵ȻҶϲ֩аͲĽס̫ϢǶҶԣһֱϤζеʱҲ
ͻȻ̧ͣͷһǰĽһСԺӣǶשݷ˸ԺĿĵء
Ϊ˸һˡҪϤĵλáȻûôʱάɿʵߡҵ˿άɿϸĵͼÿ춼ָ֩һһߡԺﲻͣϰϤԼÿһ̨ʡ
ϸ֦ĩڵĹΣСrţ
ôܳǧҪСװСrΪѺ
ݷ˸ԺЩ⡣
ţϣЦϴθ˵İɡҪޱǺҾƺҪ·ȡů
΢΢üԼôȴǮֵطܲؿû˻ȥ¡
˻ϣЦ˵ȻԺôģ
ΪҪôڱҲҪһ԰ȵĻ˵Ǳ֮Ϸһж
ٸ޼ҿɹһ˯ĵط
˯ĵطҲ˯Į˵Ǵ絽ɻΪԺĹ׬㻨Ǯ໥淽ʽҲϣǮ˷ÿ˶мȶ·Ҫߡû˰ǡ
֪ŮЦ˵ǿСӶ¶壬һû취ƿĿ⡣ĺ΢ǼңʮӶȹⲻ𣿡
죿ע΢΢Щ⡣
һ㶼ַӦ
ĺڰԸµĮŰȻҲ˰ֻϸɷԼ˵ΪĻǣûԼǶĿʼֵԡ
ǺڰssrҵĻ÷ʽµĳı䡣ƶļƻǱĬظı뷨ذҲ̻Ű
Ϊ˱ĻɡûпԺһжġ
̻ʲôǰʱһԻصԭ磬ڰĲڻ𣿡
ŶǾϵͳˡϣ뱣ҵľ԰ȫ𣿡
ǽȥɡǣס֡
΢΢һһ־͸һ𱻴ŮĶС
ůģϡʵĿڴ˲˶յϺ
ǲǺůأϣЦӯӯƣõůôĿ֡
߽ԺԺԺһ̱ŮʿĺͶ£¶źͷ˱СƵĽЦݡĵɵһߣͿתúȵķ۾ơ
ֽϣ˵
Ȼԣ֮ԺЦ˵˰еĺӶ
һ谵ķ;˸ԺĺӡССһʮˡϴŶİ˵ĲκͶԺľ£ۿǽվš
ɨһۣȻżƾɵ·ûб¯ķ塣
ԺϣǿԿʼÿĺӣһ׶װ
ǣװأЦʡ
ӶͳһѸĴָﴩ·ԺûüЦͼһ΢С·ѸͣСɽƵһѡ
ɫѸһ䡣û뵽ĴƼҾȻʦǾеѰˡɲȹ廹ڡ
ԺϣЦſ
ŶõģõģԺɫ仯˼£ЩԸó˹𡭡
ÿһϣݹȥһ׶װ֮ЦŶ˵Լˣæһ¡
飿ʶҪֿ
£ԼһͺˡǸղ涳̫áϣЦ˵һ׶½ϣʾݸվǰĺӡ
΢΢üӵ֮ûôĽӴ࣬ӴĶǵꡣҲûԼһڸԺ̷·
ϣģûж࿼Ǿˡ
ллСССĸл΢΢һ
ָоҲİġҲδõĸлҶӡǾ£û˻лһ֮Ϊ˲£ֻǻɪɪ޲жԶԶ
лл
лл
СڵĸлһĶС֪ΪʲôͻȻЩ̻
̶ʮ·ܿͷˡϣָʣµļ׶װԺ˵ЩʹɣԸҪʹá
Ժ۾˲һԭΪǸ˰׸ɹû뵽̼·̶ϣ¶Ϊֹһֿ΢Цл⣬С㡣
ϣṴ𴽽ǣССݣɲܱ֤Щ·ʱ䲻ԺҪ¡
߳ԺʱϹޱȵĵ˵᲻һߣЩ·ͱԺջأ
ѧַŽԼĶţᡣû˸¡ұ֤
ϣų׷ģ¶Цݡ
뿪֩Ԣʻȥ
һͻȻʣÿ˶ô𣿡
ϣûлشǸOO@@ȥͶ
֣ŤͷһԲԲĳɫĶͻȻ΢΢һǼӿϢ
ŮЦض˵ҵĳӣֻһ˳Ŷ
һů֪ʲôʱѳӴˡΪ˵·ϿɵϣǺڰϡóԶҲܻ
ϣһһЦ˵㲻ǲǶÿ˶ô𣿴ǲҶԱֻһáǶҪررá
ررá
ͣҲǡ

ϣصûãյһössrҡ
⣺ڰ򱱵صĹ´͡иԺĶͯ¶¡ලЩ·ȥһûнЩͯ˾ͻᱻ
ֶλǺϣ̾
össrҺͶʮ˷ֺøֵǲ˷ѺøֱֵӾssrҶһäСrĵ˵
ףϣ¶Цݣô˵˱֮вҵõ˼äУӵ˶ʮ
Ҳ̫ˬ˰ɣͻȻǮ˵ĸо
ⶼţСrͶأܻһössrңҲδ̫ˡ
ϣһЦͬҪͬļƻСǮһּ
666
ǵļѷųɣϣЦӯӯ˵Ϊʲô̶Ȱɡ


42 
ͻȻ, ɫĴssrڷϿա¸ΣͻȻǵ㣬һѾֽäгǹС
ϣڵ̺ϣͷǹ, ʱֳ鿨ĸо
ä, ΢΢ü
Ӳ󣬸Ĳ, ôߡļ˾δҲ̫С˰ɡ
һ, Ķ˳ǸûٺͷĲޡϣ첲ȶһżһ, Ǽѣҵ
, ҪһѪüġСrʾ
ϣָֻסһ첲, ûٵ޾ٵǰ, üĶ
, ԷСrҲúܺЦʹ˵ôдġѪüġ
ϣεذ޷Լϣһˮ, ҪһѪ
õСԼָϱȻһ¡²ȥְ
, ۶ǵԥ
СrľҮ˵ϣҲȽͬСrĻ˺ģѵһָ۵һɲǣѪҲӿᡰ˻, Ѫ鰴Ϊüĵĵط
һ޴Ĺâŷ, Ǽ⽽ƵΪԲĻһâǡеͻȻòס, ϣܵӳȥ
顱һأ޷׽ٶȱһˡ𷢡ϸȣŸϣһɫȹޱؿ
ϣһֹĿֲС
ֱһģһûĶŵĸоʵ̫
ãЦŻӻ֡
˺޷Ӧ
ϣԭز۲˶Էһƺľһûļ˰
վΧŶԷȦ˵ͷеһжޱʵƤĴС¶ȣβһС붼ֺ
Ӧôʹأ
ǸɶҰʹ˵ŶСr׳һ־ͷˡ
ʹ˵ÿʹöҪһֺøֵʹʱһ֮ڡʱ䣬˻ָΪ档ϰѾڽʱƸ˼ˡ
ԤȰҪ˵ĻݶԻӦ߿Ըʱ䣬ʱ顣ҪԼ˵̱ϣѡôѵ¡
ֲСr˦˵ŵܵˡԭÿʹöҪһֵĺøֵ˵һ߶һƷ߿ʹͦ֡ôͺܺˡ
ʹʱһ֮ǲ˵ʹãֻð죬ǻһ֡賿ʮ㣬˻ָԭ״ҪٿҪһֺøֵ
ԣСr¶ԴֻʹһӣҲҪһ֡
𣿡
ѾˡСrɰͰ͵˵
ϣ
аɣˡ˷һ֣ҵúúòһ¡ϣżˣһ˼
һŽ˼һãͿʼʵ顣
á
¶ϣһģһ΢Цá

΢Ц˵á
һԿɱأ
˼΢Цá
ԭϣ˼˵
ˣá
ˡ
á
ϣôͣأ
СrԿýζͲͰ׻ˣҲΪ̫١̼ԡ
ϣڲͣ˵뵽ģк˵˵ģ̸˼ˡһʫһ̽¼
ۡɤӸˡҪ̱ˡ
ԺȱˮɤӣЦӯӯ˵
Ŷ񰡡Сr̾
ȥӦȸղźöˡϣһ˼˵
ɻգգۣ˵ʲô
˵㲻ôɵˡϣ̬˽ӻĻᡣ
һҴ¥ϣСr˵
ô죿Сrе㾪ȣ᲻¶ڣ
Ѿ˺ܶĻˣԷС¶ܳԶı岻ǲ𣿡
ϣüûɵĿżˡ
ʲô𣿡Цʡ
룬ˡ
ȱˮɡϣһݹȥ
ˣллίؾܾ
УȡϣѱԷ
Ǻðɣٺȵ㳢ζʢΪЦеؽӹȥ
ϣ΢΢ü˵ݷḻˣǾﲻԡƺе㽩ӲϲϹ˵
һڣѱӷŻ档
ôϣСr
Ӧû©СrĥţҲȵòࡣ
ˣһȥԷҪʲôֵܿĶͺˡ룬ʣµä˰ûкʵġ
¥ĵطи䡣Ȼ޷ʲôӦû⡣
ôţһãŮԷ¥ȥԡСʱʾԼԱ˻ҡ
£һӱʱ䡣ԷаСʱץʱֽһѻʮӵʱ뿪䵽Ⱥȥˡ
Сĸʵɨ䣬ռСҳܴϣֻ־ſڱǣޱصȴ
ڴҶʱġûж೤ʱ䣬Ų͹ܼҷֲ˵ʻ
ϻȥһ硣ǲ˵
Ŷʲô磿ϣһǼڽӻƽӲκ˵ĻҪһ£ȥĵ
󸾺ˡ˻ص
ͺܴСǼˡ
ϣ
ƺҸһ޻˵ʱиʳͲ;ײӵ
ٷϣֻһо˹ڻࡣֻҪ˵һ䳡Ƶ̽ϡʱ˵ĶԻҲ١β˵˾æʫܲ˿԰ʲô
һԴҩˡûϵ緢ơЩСëͨǿԸƵġõͿˡ
Сʱ˱ظˣĸ䳯ȥ
ʱǲġ
Ȳû˺ϣŵس¥ƿţµվ뷢
ҲҪ޸ģϣ̾Ȼ˰ԸվŲ˵Ǻְ
ż˼ȦԵĶȥˣܣ
Ҹղŷ˷ϡäгԵʳʳԶʧͰ
ŶǾûˡ
΢Цʲôû£
û˵ϣüѲõ͡Ը˰һҲϣ˵һ䣬˾ͽһ䡣
˯ǰںƤʲôʱȥԷ˵ܿ졣ţû˵Ǻܿ죬ϾҪȥˡ
ѱһҪ˯ӣСræʣҪôվţʮн״̬
ϣһ£վŰɡһ¹ʹʱܲԶɲޡ
ʮӺ󡭡
ӴɣںվҴǰʵ̫ˡ

ŵѧԺ¥ݼϣһؿŸһģһļˡιųȥˡ
̶죬˾ͻķֺøֵΪ˰Ѽ˵ЧáûȥأҲûȥ˹
ĺøֵȫֻ׬ʣʮˡ
ղżħΡŷҪһ㡣û취ͷҶڻ˦ʥʱֻмһرֱۡһҲСϡ˳˼˼ܿϰĽںͷ
ҾòˡСr˵
ҾҲˡϣְѼ˱żģװؿڴ
ǲμʦȥصӡѧȥ˹޶֣˳һڱصг̡ܸܿǾ̫ˡ
Ҫڤ顣ٵܾ飬뵽ʲôǴͷ
߳¥ݼ䣬ȥŸ߹ȥһ̫ͬѧתвμӽʦҪüϡ
΢΢üпܣ治ڱʦǰҶӡԽĻŻԽ١
ϧԸһõʱ򣬾ԶӰ
ӵ߽ȥ˲䰲
ϴ½ʦֿʼС̸ϾҲǵһμλ˵еͱһһĸ꼶ʦ͹ˡ
Ǳغͺʦǣ۾ϡ
Сǣǻ۾ջ͸ñϴ½ʦǳЦûʶˡһλźɫ˿ȹĹ˲ǻ˵
ϣҴҵߵԼѧԺһ۵λ¡ԶزѺõĶԻڼ
ڼʱ˱㳤úÿ𣿡һ˿ȹŮӼЦ˵³ش˵۾ղˣһɣ
˵³شҲ⣬ŮƵ˵Ҫ֪ǳλʹһλʹûʶ
ȣҪ˵һԵͳ˰ĳ
ϣʶתͷȥĿһλûϡѸٰסһԶĺ档
³ƳϣĿ⣬Ƶ鱨ԻЦǶԷͰת˻ȥ
ΧЦûϵ³أȥˡԷƾ׷ǸС椡
ʲôأ˺ʡ
ȥڤιۡ
ǲǶ׼ιڤ𣿡
ŶǿɲһΪʹļ󱲣³ش˿ȥ޷ĵط磬ӽλߴڵĵط³شʹλΰ
ۣ𣿡ڱصʦԣڰ̷һӵ̸⣬Ҷ˷ϴ½ͺʦҲ׷ͶȥĿ⡣
³΢΢Цһ£
ôλߴھʲôأ
ֱ񡣡³Ц˵
ҷ
ϣ³صĻͻȻ뵽һؼĵ㡣𷢵ڰһҪǵôͷ­ɪɪɽ
಻ֱ类ϰֱСϰߣп¶ݡﶼܺӣϸھɰܡ
һԺ߽ã򵥵ذǰҪ׼˵һ¡
˵㣬ҪüϣʹôʹȥĬſѧԺʱЧֻӡʱ䡣
⣬طǳϺŵѧԺѧǻͳһŶװһȡһ¡ˣ
Ժͷʾҿɢˡ
ϴ½ʦͱط׷׷Թϴ½¶ܹٷôС¶Ҫᡣ
Ÿйذɡ񲻾ǹɭ𣿡Ӫﴫһϴ½Ŀ⡣
ϣ̾ûеأѾܵ໥ӵˡϣһڿ˳㡣
Ϊʲôôģһʵֱ۹סȦڻµĺζŤͷҲ֪˭
ȡƳһۺʦæѺ̻ȥ
ͷ̴Цɰ
ϣѿ˹ĻתɾվϹЦ⡣ñغͺʦͣ߿
ɫĪıʦʦӿԼδ׽һ˹ȥλЬĳ嶯
˹Ƴһۺʦ˵иĽ׵ġ
Ľףϣ˳ĿȥһŮŴһƵ˹
ĽףǾǸŵѧԺĽһˡ
ع˹ǻˣ𣿡
Ȼǣ˹Цһ£ʵϣھߡ
ھߣϣգգۡȻȴϣ˹ʱ͵̾ߣʮ־ȡ
ǰǰʱһֱڲ٣׵»ѹ̫ࡣ½أȻΪӡֻܶղҵ˸ĺͻȻһۣԾ͹ˡ˹ɤ͵͵˵
ͨһ仰ϣͻȻ౻еĸоȫѪҺһ
˹ƤǹһĨЦǲǱҸжˣ
ѽϣ󷽷سϡ
˹΢΢һĵЦ⡣
͵һЦȥҲֻ㣬˹ĳǽ񡣡
˹гǽ𣿡
У˹ɢ˵ȥ˾֪ˡ
Ŷϣ̫ȤСȸԼȷ硣
˹Ŀ˹ȥŮǰƤ׵ĴۣµǴСѡǵζ˹ͷ򴽡
ϣסǣߴٵ㲻˵Ҫôߣ
˹ĿƻɢضۣȥǸҩʦҳʱֱȥġ
ǧʱ䣬ϣĬ
ˣҪˡ˹ͷͷһ¡
ѽʲô
ɵϣף˹ЦҲڣ˹ġ
ϣ
ʲôף˲ͷ˹뿪Ӱ졣
תȥȡѧԺַĶװͱһȺʦΧ
˭ҲѧԺΪʲôûٽ濴
Ҿ׽ϲرΪ󡣡
ҲҲǡ
Ů˷ܵ˵
ϣÿ⡣˹Ҳչʡ·˿ͻĪĳݡ
ǰŵѧҵѣ·򵥵˵
ʦǶʱ¶ʧ
´ϣ֪ΪʲôŮӣҲϲ

ϣ궬װûֱӻؼҶǽ˹ҡ
˹߽Ժӣվ̨ϵ
ڼҰһȥˡϾҪȥˣҲҪöϣЦӯӯ˵
Ѿˣʰ˹Ṵ
ȻЦ˫嵭ۿָ顣䣬Ϣɢ
ϣ΢΢ü֪˳ûڷһѡ
ǣһ㶼ܷɡǰɵĹֱˡ
̾ʼ˼һԼҪĿʼ
Ů˹Ժиѩ׵͵۾
͵̧ͷһ۸մߡΪһֱû˴ţҲͲסģһһִֵĮߡ
ڡ
Ů֧Ŀ־壬ĬĬ֯Ĵ֣һѳĮߡ
ͬʱ˹е䵭ͻȻڣ§סǰŮסϸ׵Ķ
ϣ


43 
ʪʪŴŴ, Ĵ˱
ϣ΢һ£ߣӶɢȥһƤ»֧һرϸܵǳߡ
۾, ϸϸߴ, Ưתۡ
һʼ͵Ծڵ飬Ȼǲġϣ˼һ, ƶӦǼ֯߶ϵˡ
Ȼʲôԭɵġǿ֪, ˹ֻ˼ŻѹͻȻųͻһƵ
˼ĶСܿͻȥ
˹ͻȻͣȻ, ȴԽԽ
, Ů׽Ц⡣ʶסۡ
ŮĽëǿţƽЩһ
˹ˣеء
, ǶһԾƻĿ⣬Ĵ϶һ룬˵Ǹ, ղҲ֪ͻȻ͡㡣
ǿе⡣Ժ󶼲˹˼ˡΪһͨѡ
ͨ˹ٿر΢룬۶ı顣ֻܲ²һЦݡ
Ĭһ, ͨ, мأ
ֻһ
˹ɫһ㣬, Ҳǲܽܡ, ¶ŮƯıɫ۾һЦ, ⡣
Ķʰ𣿡˹鲻Խǡ
ûУһȥʰ
ϣ̽һȥϷһӣԱ߻
ƹȥǶѶȥһ·Ա߶ˮ鼮
˹ˣȥأҲȥĬſѧԺ𣿡
ȥﱱؾͻǷֿ
ϣ΢΢ȵתȥ˾ͷֿҪȥأ
ֹܶ࣬һط˹ӵʰһʼǱ˷
ȥҼ𣿡
š
ϣŴɿ˼·
˹һ⽫ļʡõͻȻˡ
ô룬ֻʣһˡѲιڤ½ص¾ˡ
ڤҲǺýġ
ҽڲȥ
²УĬſѧԺɲȱʦǾа취κ֡ôֻܴԴͷˡ
ʲôһֱ˵˹̲סʡ
һ᲻лڱ
Ҳпܰɣ˹Цһ£Ҳǻڤ
仰ϣһҪȥڤѰҼţ
пܣҲ̫ϣ˹óһݸ
ʲô
дʮȽʵõʱѧһ¡ڻĶ̫٣ȥػԿǱߵʮֱ뺷
һԲϾͿ𣿡ϣЦʡ
˹ǷЦ⣬ࡣ˵ĬſѧԺŵͬŵѧ˽Ĭſû涨Ƿ档Ҳϣְ
ϣĿ⣬ֻܱмҳֽ˹˵ΪҲǸ챾
ָ΢ֽ꣬ſٷ˹˵ʮֻʮҳֽÿһҳһºϸд˸ʲôطͣ٣εڵȵȡɫıһһܿóд˵档
һҳһҳȥǺʵõнʪ·ŪɵҲȡůõı䣬зԼԵ
ѡͦԸⱻصʦһٵġͿܵشɣܿڤˡ
ϣﱾʱ˹ʰӣൽǽ߷źá
ûпĵطҿԽ㡣
ϣЩ̧Ҫڣ
ʲô𣿡
ȻˣԼʱˢģʱ䣬˹ټһӡء
ȻԽָĮĹ񡣵ֻҪ㹻ϲЩϲͻĺµĻֻ֣ҪԼòܽĺڻ
һ£ҲǲѧѧҲԼӡ󰡡
ȥһϴңٽҺ𣿡Цʡ
˹ȻܾܾϣسȥֳһץĿ̷塣еļҾߣƾߵ̺ȫӡ͸ֽϣҲͰ
˹һž޴͸ֽֽͬƬһɣӵ䡣
ϣϴҳʱ򣬻Ϊ䡣յģŴʲôˡ
ҰѶˡ˹ָŽһȭͷС͸ֽţҽѧϰȽϷ㡣
ҪҹϣЩ⣬ʵѧԼʪ߰˹ʪ
ô˵ѧĿںͰͿˡ
һи䡣˹һ΢⣬ϣǰ̳һտһտԽԽ࣬ܿ˹֮䳤һСƬ
˹Цһģֻͨտϰõġ
ϣһۡտ˿ѡһܺóԵӡ
˹ƯڰУһ¡
һ飿ϣСһͨ
˹΢΢ü̫Сˣ
ϣЦ㿿㲻𣿡
˹һ´ǣңúһ顣
Һú˰ϣƵ˵ͷ͸տķ϶ȥ
û˼Ҿߵ赲ȫ˽˹ͦεվ׳µ쵽⡣ֱʵɫƤ׵÷⡣ѽзӵ˼¡
ѧϰˡ֮ǰŵ飬ʵˡ
ôôԶ뿴ĿͶ
̽ҡ
ұ֤㡣
Ůֻ¶ֱۺСȵİɫȹʽౣءȴԵִڻС
˹Ż΢֪Է⡱һġ˲ķң޷ܡ
˹ˡ
ŮǰһƮûԥ첽ƹ
ϣŲת˹Ѿվǰ
걳ŹԴɫЩ塣ֻɤһ˿͵͵ɳơ
ҹˣɡ
Ŷϣ̵شӦţеۣ乾顭ʲô˹أʲô
ƿڵĹԵЩɣ̺ĴҲΪַӽΡ
˹һԽ׽ס°ͣȥ
ϣһ˲ĵܿͱƵѹ˲տϡ
̲סЦԷĴ˹ˣʲôˣǲѧϰ𣿡
㱾Ҳѧ˹ȥ
ǣЦٴα˵仰ϡ֪ѹϣ˵ɳ߸أ
˹򴽣ͷ׶졣

һΣõ֡ԭеĶʮ֣ĵһݣһʮķ֡
ʮķֲˡǴֻʣʮ졣İ£Ҳ֪ûлˢ֡ûᣬôһһ֣ټϼˣʵеԲ
ϣתŸ뷨죬ѹǷ»ȥ
ʵ̫ˡ˵㼯ϣͱŮͺϴ硣βμʦ£ֳ֧֡ܺóٽ㻨òһ糿û¶档
ϣûдβ׼ĻװʵʵѧԺͳһķװȻǿƵġװɫĴ¹ؾصƣȥر͵ԥѡ˰״¡
ҲûŮ͸Ƶͷıʯֻɵ黨裬û
صĴ磬޷ֵò̤ôŵһ˲䣬̾
ϣܽϴ½ʦĶһû¶ֱϴš
ĩȵѧԺһķ硣ôų䳤Ĵûôܡ
ϣһȦûҵ˹̧ͷڿеʱӣʮӴҪˡ
üͷʱſܽһˡźɫȹŽߵĴ£εһƬá
ʦǻֳƬ򡣴ҶűѧԺŵ·ڡסμ
ˣ۵ɫͿʽ˵Ŀ⡣ܽһɲǷ˽ŲŵׯصĲϣķȥ
һΪˡЦ˵
£ϣЩɻ󣬡ѡ𣿡
صͷǴǸ⣬Ҳ֪ΪʲôͻȻôáƵϣҸΪ˵ڶοˡͨˣԾˡ
ԭϣͷ˵Ϊεıּ˶ʮ֡
˵ӵʱ򣬴ʽ
ԭĽӺм˲ʧȡ֮һɢźɫĴʹ
Ժ͸ԺȫˡվڴĿʹҡϣ⿴һۣ˹ûг֡
ߵ˻߹ˡ򴽣ǰ̤һ߶ݵıȫڡһ̣Լվһ޴ĺɫС
ǵذ廹ǽڣȫǺɫʯɡ̧ͷ۵ǻԡ
ϣȵķ֣ĬſѧԺþȻûз֯͸ߣ֯һε񷶥κʱܿ
һĬſ˸бؽһߵĶǺڰ׻ҿķ
ھȻǺҹ
ʱӣ賿
ǲֱӰ˯ˣ
ϣߴͬǵ˽ϴ½ͺĺ棬ʦϵΪȻ¶˻صҵɡ
治ϸϣ˵ôûмĬſ˵Ľְƺֻпǡ
Ļ䣬õſˡ˵ĿⶼԼͬ˹ȥ
Լڵķˣ߽ŮֱĬſ˵ԺԺ͸ӴĽڡ
ʦ̷㵵ǲھ̾Ĭſ˵ĽְǾ̾Ϊ׵λۣⷨĶʹ
ʮֻʹ𣿡
Ƕʹǹʹ෴֣
ϣһǵһμʹ
ϴ½ͺʦ¶Ⱥ˷ܡѧҲ𾪵顣˶ʹļ󱲣Ҳͷһμʹ
ϣ˲ͷƤ顣ۣﲻͣطź
Ȼ֪ʹ˭˵ѾˡһǸ˹ڲٵĲݣһǸڿάɿĹԢ
λʹһξˡɭĹðһ
ϣͷĸ͡æƳȺ˿ʼˡæҲϴ£ôϵñʵʵԼǺá
𣿡ЦЦʡ
ϣûȺＷ˼ԼûȺڵ
ʹͻȻѲ˹ϵ
Ǹ̯ưɡСrݵ˵ףҲס
ûãϣ侲˵вءؿԱ仯òסʧһһֻһס
ΧסñӵڸǡֻҪʹǳפĬſˣͲᱬ
ϺãĬſ˵Ժһ˿Ц˵һżϲãӭأĬſ˺ѧԺ

ȻεĽķչΪҪ
ʮӣע޷ˡȺʼͷӶ
˭˵ֻϴ½ֹٷأҿصĿҲ١
ʲôʱأҵеˡ
ڲʮǲҪվɣ
˵Уֻбصʦȫע
ϣʼմͷıֲͻвͷٷݽһһԼЬ濴˲
ûнͻͣ͡Ҫƫ͵ӣһչ

ţһеġôҵĻ͵ҸӴĽȥϢҰһḻĻôԱصķ顣
ڽˡϣΧֿŰơ
ӴĽ̹ӡ
ϣɴԱ˵Ľźƶ
һɴͻȻݺݾ·һ¡ñ֮£¶˲õĽɫͷ
Ǹϣش˵Ҳǹģֻǿ·ճһͷȡ
һССɧ˲󲿷Ŀ⡣
ϣֱθۡûʱؾٰñֺãתʦǳȥ׷ȥڲͣ˵űǸ
ϣɫ԰ףвתͷҲʹûϾһΧ赲οǿҲûϵǲ֪һ˳ʲôǿһ㣬Ͼƹһֹ
ûϵģ̫š
ϰοԼ
Ĭſ˸ϴ½ͺŵһ
ÿסˡʮסľ޵Ĵᣡ
ϣһ׵Ůסһ𡣺ױ죬ոͨʦĿˡ
ǻȥصĳвιۡһֽɨšǱһڵĻš
ĸأϣڵذϣö
άɿĬſĳˡ
άɿϣظ˼Ĺ⡣

ңԶڤ
յϥأĬſ˵ԺǳмΪһʹϯӭʽǷǳҪġѯһڤİˡ
šڰĵתһССĲҩƿ
оǣһס˵ǵðɣȥҼˣʱ͸һ𡣡
ڰһȤҼǵã˵һ䲻Ůǹ𣿡
ЦŹҲˡҪѵˡ
ڰ΢΢һһ㣬ûС
ŶüӰѾˡЦ˵
ڰ񵭵ᡰšһĿеĲƿ
յһûбķԸˣŵ׼˳ȥ
աڰͻȻס֧°ͣ˵Ĭſ˿Ӱų
΢΢һЦⲻ֡˺͹һ򲻶ԸǺʱģҲ뿴ͷŮʲô
õģˡ΢΢֣һɫĹӰָ˳Ӱ񽽹һܿ۳һӰ
ڰڵͫӳһų˼ĺ
ֻͷǽɫġ


44 
Ů۾, ͷ貵̫źװɫ£ϵŶɫΧ
ȻΧŰܿǸ۲۵ˡհ಻ס͵۹̾, ϧǸϴ½ˣǹߵ椡, أҲ£һûλŮÿ
յһȲӦ, ̧
֧°ͣĬضӰɫ糣, ϲŭ
ղ⡣˱Ͷ޸СΨһȤľܻζͷλ
ô, ˣʡ
ءšһ, еƣر۾
գգ۾˺ٱ¶ϲŭǶԷ۾һ˲䣬ԸоֿѹƵ
ǺڵһŨصؿ塣һľ࿴һ۾Ҫ˴ˡ
ջĿ, Ϣȥ
¹ھ׵ʱۡڵ۵ǲص
Ӱе, еļûвΨһͬľӰǽ, ϣǺڷ
ôôأ˫̥ǿӵ˫̥ġһԶʹ˫ֵ̥ܡͷôأ˫᳤̥ͬķɫɫ
غϴ½֮Բͬ, ֡½ǧ껥ͨ顣ȻҲΥģǼȻ˫̥, ǾͲͬĸ, ͬĸ츸
޷ҳɡ
, 顣һⶼǲ߻ѾõƭҲ, ɽǴεҲǼƻõİɣ
˵, ڲٵͼ, סǸŮùżߡ
˼ŵҩƿ, ݺݵס촷ۡ

ΪôҾʱĬſѧԺصظÿ˷һСƿħҩԺͻӿ˯⡣
Ҫ˵ϾǸմӰһ㶼εӣһ
ϣЦſô
ҾƤе״˸Ƿ
ô𣿡
ףף
û˻ششֻк׵
ô찡̾Źߵ׵Ĵߡſڴϣһ˯ˡ
¡һҵɺٺȡһһ߰Ѻ׷úõ¡
زϴ½Ƕ죬㷿ȼű¯Ҳôů͡Ѽޱ׸Ǻãʷ¡ȥ¯Բһľͷ߻ԼĴ
Сҩƿ̨һۡʢǹ⣬ܺÿӡҡҡ׼ȣƳͷϵĴСè䡣˹͸ԤСè䡣
¹һСè䣬һóһöͭҵݹȥ
Сè˲شеͭңȥ˵ɡ
ȷʵͦġ
ղŷ£ϣͲسۡ
߳ã׷ͣصǸĨˡΧ˿ȥ̰˵
ǲСľñӣʲô£ԭɡ
ҲǺģڼϵķ˿ȡѡ
ҶһѧԺûҪҾеСˡ
С
صͷʵģӿһɳЦݲأֶԴֲڰ
ЦŵͷͲǴ£Ҳû¡ǵΪС²ͣ׷ŵǸҲΪʲô
Χ۵̿ء
ô룬ҲеŶȻϣûΪʲô㻹Ҫ׷Žأ
԰ΪϣСǼˡ
е˶Ϊ仰ɫصĿҲͬתɡ
ģҲǣûСæֽͣһż̨̤ףʱһᡣ
һѾסصĸ첲ЦЦѣ£СĵŶ
鿪ĲƬɢϣһĥôһһߵǰ
صҹܺڡ
ֲڵϵĸһǵĻһȵطֲҹɫС
ϣ˼Ũصҹϴ
𱱵صɫҹߵԵİֵȼ˼ֻ򡣼ϴˮƣƻͨ
һУѣħҩ
ƿӶûüŵͷϣͳ˯ȥ
ͬʱϵĻͬʱ־ҡһ¡һ޴£ɫĹӰ߳
ûʲôжϣ׼ȷߵ˿΢΢ָһ
ûȥƴ˯ˣǳ֡
һֻɫΡǿڤŵҲĳ
ά£ҿһ
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ᡰšһŰĿ˹ȥ
̲סЦһǲԸͬһ˰ɡȻôΪĿÿĶҰȷϣ
˵ʵǿҲûϵȥ˻˵Ҳ˵СͲ֪
֪ģΪҲ˵
ֻڴΪ
Ҳ֪᲻˵Ů֮ɻ䱳ѡ˵壬һġ
ȵŤͷͷһηǸʾ
ٿˣԺôȷ
ȥҿ

۴˯Ůµ٣ɰ׵ļ̵ĽëʹҲ˿һò
񡣡˵
ͷһۣƯͬһ𣿡
û˵Ŀ侲ҵĮͶŮϣȽȽȥ
ȽϵͬʱϵŮü
˯ṳ́ܲʵΪԺֻмڷ
֪ںʲô΢΢һ£ʶħҩ롣
Ҫۣм񺰡
ˣСr
ڰ
ϣ
ĴߣһֻŹֵڶ㰡
Ϊʲô
Ҳõʱ¶˰ɡСrϣʶָûۣ˿
˵ʹǰҵ쳣
Сr˵
ʲô
㣬ҲжϺڷͽ𷢵㣬ǲͬһˣ
ϣ
еأû뵽׵ʱԤҪһ㡣Ϊܰȥڤ
ô찡
ûϵҲˡ
ǰ˵Ժô죿
Ҿʱü˰ʵˡǸĻᡣȥԼͬһαصļˡ
ԭʹôͻȻˣô˵Ѷȡ
ʲô˼
̫ˡճ⵵£ҾԼʮ顣
ô죿
Ҳֻ֪ܱ߱߿ˡ
νͼ˸һ𣿡
ؽ͡ΪҲ֪ԼԲɡײԵȻ̫ϸ·¶ڡ
ҲҪ˵ѡϾһѻҪѻȥԲ
Ǻðɡ
ˡ
ˣţҪ˯ˡ
˯
͸˯Ҳû尡οһ˭أ
ҲŶ
صãһֻļͷ
ˣǸŮһֱ˯ûвĵ

ϣ˯ñ
ϴҷˮȥױû硣⣬вιۿάɿĻҶƯƯġ
ҪҰͷ𣿡״ϴҳ
ԸĻ׸˵˵
ţһ£ϴϴϣϴþ߳ϴȥ
żװġ׼æ˵æԼ飬ҡ
ʮԺϣӰᷢ١Ѻ׵ͷȫһɸ߸ߵԲ١˼䱦ʯϡѾǯڱ¯￾ȣˮȥ¶ȣ޽Ǳߵ鷢ɾ
ôϣžеĺʡ
Ҿ̫ˣ׸˵˵֪ԼŪôɣŪ
ãԼ黨ͺá
׿ϣһͷĳйоص黨裬еź
ͷôȻʵɷ٣¶ƯĲ
ףϣӾ￴ɤͣȥάɿǻһֱһɣ
ȻѰ׵ͷʮһҸ˲졣ֻ졣
ϣһԥ˵һǰ㡣Ϊǰ֪ᣬܻӰǵꡣ
΢һ£ʲô
˽ﻹãһϾͻû١ϣüҲ֪ʲôԭ򡣡
⣬¶ƽ΢ЦƯǲȱעӡеʱҲһεĸ㣬ܱ˶ſҲ᲻Ը˵ġ
аɣôҲУϣЦһ¡ֻҪײü˸̫СϾѾɸģʽˡ
緹ڴóԵġǳɫʳڱ㡢̡ӽ࣬
ϣϲϷ۵ǹӽ̼ܺóԡ
ѧԺɵһڲĳ濴һֻͨĸ˵ʵʮˡ
һ·۵άɿġֵҵ֣ҲʷͲݡô³Ϣʱϣܽ˿ȹݵϴ
΢ӳһģһŮһװɫ¡
ôͰϣЦеļˡ
˵ͷתƿ˳ȥ
Źϵһ˲䣬ϴҿһˡ
ϣ͵빫Ԣһֵĵطһҷװ꣬һ׶װȥõ꿪˼䷿·ϣͷɢ
СrɺڷС˵ʱˡе㺦¡۾
ô˵ŪҲëëġϣž
ͻȻеĽˡһʧˣԻԱͲһˣ׾͵ڴֳ
ѿںֲһ㣬˿һԼ£ȫϴ½ĽС椡Ǹ𷢵Ůͬǹάɿء
ʮӺ߳õ꣬¥µĵѬͱųԢȥ
¥һ˲䣬ǧڤҵëöڰ̧۶ŷ壬ԥ˼ʧ
ԢſˣϣԹ죬ƽȥΪ㲻ڣ׼뿪ء
ƽĶŵϡȥΧס
Ȼޱ˵Ǽٵġһֱû˫Ưڵ۾һޱȳؿ
ô˵Щת
Ůڷ촽䵭΢΢һʱȸղſ˼֡
˵ϣ򴽣Щ˵˵ѬͼԼ԰ɡתΧ׾Ҫ뿪
ĺһһѻס֮ǰıջͨͨըĩֻʣп־Ѹռࡣ
һ֮ӴҲ⵽ѻҪ޷ܡ
ϣЦףȻ˵أ
ۣΥ˵ûв˵ڱϷաղһֱ롭
ʲôϣʡ
̧ۿŮƯĺڱʯ۾һЦ⡣ҹͬˮұƲĿ⡣崿޹棬ڵǡ
ᴭ˿ûʲô޹ص¡
ϣЦһ£ߵԶɣ궫ʱĻҳȥһˡûʱҾԼȥ
ȥĶ
ȥƷûȥ򡣡
˼һ£¡
ھȥɡû˼ԱζǹںŮϣ޷ͷš
ǵˡҲóȥ紵Լ侲һºúô졣
ھȥ
ϣתͷСrĶ
Сrڲݡ
΢΢üе㲻ðˡ˲Ҳקȥǲñ֤Լǰʦ˸鷳һģһֻ֪
ҪȥԶһĵطݲţȴҪʱǡüҪҪƼܰνɺϡ
̫ˣ
һӸұһμ˵ɡ
ôˣվŲʡ
ȥĶ
𣿡
ˡȥĪݲɵطȴ뾭ݡ

ҡţСֻܲˡ
ϣԴ˳Ĭ
ʲô
򴽣룬бˣҸô죿
ŶôأϣĸȤʡ
ûлشᴹۡ
šǸŮʵ̫ˡ³ϢʹϤжһ
ԭټɻûֵܵסջżͰѻ˵壬Ǽջǿ˹裬ʵĻԶʧˡ
˼˰죬Ȼ޷뿪ô߶ʧˡ
þɡ̧ۣκһռҪǿҵضǣǣô죬룬ץס㡣
ϣ֪Ѿ϶ǽŮ򴽣Сr˵ˡ
û߳ݣСrǣߵ̫ˣ㻹һӾҪطˡ
ͣһ¡ϣס
ʲô𣿡ʡ
ҿ·ǹ԰һʣµǮСѡϣݹȥһöҡ
ǳ⡣ӹĵȥһǹòôǮʣµĶģ˳ʡ
΢΢üʲô
ѽϣЦӯӯ˵
΢΢һ˵ϲʳࡣ˼һôѶĽҸôԣ
Ӻ󣬳һС˻
ˣ߳ˡСrŻŵ˵
ллϣӹЦ˵ܿ㣬ҪȥóԵĸ㣬ȥûˡ
ɺݰɣЦԾϳĪľˡõģһġ
ϣЦû˵Ϲģû뵽ĵꡣ
ƥһӣСѵʹ£ƽһٶȼݳ
ٵţڽӽݵʱ̫࣬޷ٱܡ
ֱߵĵ裬ҪˡСrغڿϣֽ̧ͷͻܿ
Сr⻰ʱϣպðѰõĲݮǷŽֹסĲӣԼѹ޶ȵؿͬʱⶥĴǹͽȥ
ǹŮϢһӿܿƵ΢΢ۡͬʱٵشӵߵһ賵ܹһ𺳵Ļײ
һ𷢵ƯŮװɫĴ£ڸһϴ½ѧʱ˭ı


45 
ʹӱ賵ʻ
ϣɿ, пڳϡŶԷ۵תŲŵָ˴ա
Ǻó𣿡
عĿסϣ, Ƴʲôͬ
һµ٣ԲԲ̵۾, ֳܵĽëǣһ
ֻж̶һʱ䡣Ҳܹ׷ֱͬǸƺеɵͷ۾Ե˸ӵĲ

ɨŮü
ͺϲ, ɫĳɫ۾, , ޾ܡ
, Ļô
΢ָʹŸղǸŮ
ûѽϣЦӯӯʡ
ĺ촽ղжϵǣѹȥ
ϣֱס, ˱׿ܾõĵСʿ£ǲԵġ
Цһ, ôأ
û㰡, ֻǰǸ㡣ŮգŽë, ɤ޹ˡ
ֶһ, ͷ, һ, а, ҼסˡԭǱġ
ֱ, ͷǶǲࡣ̱ùĹĵ, ΢΢ȥ
ϣ, оƺ鲻Ҳ֪ղſûСΪʲôʲôأλӦˡ
һȥԺóԵĵɡϣЦ˵˵Ǽҵ곣кÿŮӹˡᶢ𣿡
ᡣ붼ͻش𣬡Ҷ˲ȤοҲûбÿࡣ
һҲء
˶٣ܿ϶˵и㳤һģһˣҲȤ
ϣЦһ£ôܻиһأĻشһ㶼ϡ
û˵˼һûаѸղŵ˵е㵣Ļŵ
ָӵ£ȥˡ
ܾе㲻Ծ
ûѪԵˣһģһȻټû˵һǣֽŽأ컹Ҫȥڤ˼ˡ
ĿƵϣϡŮ͸Źģһֱϴת
΢һõĲ²ĵð
֪ϣĴˡһŮʲôҲǸýŮȥ
ϣôÿôܲأһˣ˵Ǹðƻ
ǣôĿʲôأΪ͹ûҪɡѾˡ
ʲôô񣿡ϣЦʡ
ԥһ£סĶ
ϣһ⣬ỳ˰ɣ
סڿάɿ
Цһ£ҵȻ֪ڿάɿʣסĶ
𰡣
ǺԸ˵ԼסĶ΢챾קŵǾ仰㲻ĸʲôסһɣ
ϣ΢΢һʲôоеЦûС㲻ţҿԷģڰϡ
ס죬ͻȻ֡
Ϊʲô۴Ц⣬ֱ̫ɰˡе㺦
򴽣ڰҲá֪̫æˣôൻ档
ûаʵ˵ղѪҺѸٷڣƲԼ
ڰϣڰʾ
ϣ֪ԷжʹյĻɫϡ
ô˭أΪڰʵͽ˵kҲ֪˭ġ
ͻȻ˵ǺڰͽԸѧȥڰ
ʵǲѧҲȥ
ҷľˣЦ˵˵ʲôҶΪ
Ǻðɣϣؾһֻ֣ҷģûиʲôסһ𡣡
Цһ£ðɣ֪ˡ㡣һ£һû˵꣬סĶ֪סĵطȫ
ܰȫҵھӶǺܺõˡΪʲôҪôʣ
ԥһ£û˵ıΧô˵ܻẦ¡
ҾһסЩȫҲ࣬һݱϡ
ʲôϣϣʡ
顣
飿
ţͷҿһǿ鸽γӵбζı顣һԱΡ
ժһöָ
öƯĽָɫĽźɫıʯΧŷĻе̫̫ˡ
ִ֣ۡ
ŮָܺÿϸǸСɫָױú࣬Сꡣָľûйͷ
ڵøرŽһʹ˵ģʱ޲ðѶԷȥʲô˼
˼ȻûζǲĹ⡣
ôôˡͷסָҧ¡

ϣ΢΢һָ
֣û鶯
صһָ⣬ָϡָ˲䷢͵Ĺâ
ִָرϸСոסŮָʱ΢ʧָһȦ档
ָĺϸ˼룬̧ڽָıʯϡ㿪ı
ϣ΢ֱĸо
Ĵ뿪ʱϣһӰָٿվߵıһ׸ߵСһﴩ˳ȥ
ϣ˶ŤͷСˡСҲ˿ںľһѩˡ
ÿΣգͻᱣ㡣˵ʱѽָժͿˡָָָϵ̵СÿһΣСͻʧһ䡣
Сʧôϣʡ
ɿʧ˵
ϣ΢΢ۣое㱯ˡ
ʲôЦﶼڵ塣Ϊ˱˶Ϊһ˲䣬ʶ
ڴ֮ǰֻһŻ顣Ϊ㣬ԣᾡһ㡣
ԽԽͣ
ϣһۣԱжɫСݣɺӡ
ܿĵػͷ˵طˣǿĪ
Ծ³ϣ
ϣƳСָֻĺ󷽣ƺˤ
̫ɰˣƵЦһ¡
С˵Ӱһӱøˣһ
ϲ㡣˼Сˣټ鶼̫ˡͺܴ̱Ҫߡ
ô˵ҸˣҪúñԼ
ҲôƴЦһ£ء
߽꣬ĵܲضǡϣ˵ãŷӦ
Ǹʵǳ̫ÿˡеסˡЦ˵
뺷ӲġȻ̾ϣҲüˡ˵ʵͦϲ˵Ը
ˣװģղ˵Ҫĸ⣿˵ǽ磬Ʒȫˡ
ҪƬģСϣѯҪʲô
һġԥ˵
Ƕû˼ҪͬĵܶһζҪɿİɣǳһԻԽ
á
һӺ˵еϣʼԵ⡣
ϣԼʵúóšƳֻһھͣ
ôó𣿡
˵Ҫ
ϣ΢΢һͻȻеЦԭΪ˵ͬζĵ⣬ԽųԣͼǵڡֻһڣһصŸ
ǡÿɰ
ԣô˵ھҪ𣿡
šͷ
㡣ϣ⽻ĵѾһ룬Ĳת
ֻһڣûȤȻϲʳȻϣ
ŤͷõĲ΢΢Ľëϲٴķס°Ͱתչȥס˫
ϣһƿŤͷûע⵽ſڲһĸЦȻȫΧۡ
ͨ죬񾯸
Цһ£תʼĳǷݵ⡣оոճԵô
ֱϣ
öԷһϼĽֵ֩ͨ˴Թû壬͹սϸϸС
ʮӣͻȻʧһսǡһ룬õ֮ǰǮµģ·ĵط
ѧԺĶװã˷͵ϴҡСr֪ͨ˹ϣջ˿ڴ
𷢱۵Ů¶žӼһ顣黨裬żزƿϴҵ˳ȥ
ֵϳϼ졣ʦƣصȴϣޱȻ߹ȥǵĵȴ
ңԶĺڰ۵˵ֳŲ˵
Ҹһ죬ʲô˲̫˵ûʲôëأλŮ𣿡
Ը񣬡˵ֻƶѡ˶٣ں˾ּһ䣬ϸ룬ʵҲϣȻҪÿˡ
ְ˼벻ͨ߻µʲôĿġɢһ˼άҲǸ˲ֹһðƻ˵ֱͺ񡣡
𣿡ЦĿʲô˺ô˭أ
еɵԣҾ첻ˣҲᣬǼһȻʮָ߰мƱˡο˹ĺѡ
ƸеܣǶ֪еǻۣҲеܡǻʹˣҲ¡
ôأʡ
ŶɣһУĵ˵ҵ붢ס
ʶȥòҩƿ¶ûֱת
ҩƿһĸΪˣʣһİķԵ棬ƽû
ɷĩˡеֻЦԼĺ£ֲ˱˰ɣ
Ĭһ£ĩȥˣ
񣺡
óˡ

ϣصᣬ˷ˣûȥò䷹
֮£زһղŻԵɿֽ˺ǺӲɿǡһ飬ü
ְɣԶʱСræк㣬ֻһ֡
һ֣ϣȵͣסʳⲻܡΡ
ġζˡһιǹһǵݡۿźڰĺøֵһ룬ͱǲԵİ˻ȥΨһ÷ֵǴָ
ðɣϣǰҧһӲɿҲ֪ԴϡҲû취¡·߲ͬ
ðɣ֮׬һһʹüˣһġһʣʮ֡
ϣüͷҧһɿԶǰֻкķҪ÷֣ڻһˡ
ЧܲСr˵ٺڰѾͼˡ
ҺͼҲˣֻʱΪҺͼûйҾ£˵۲ҡ֮ܶ
ڳɿ
һϣһת˹
˹ţϴЦ⿴ϴŲɫĸë£Ǻɫͳѥɫͷһ΢΢ֿ
㲻̫ˡϵЦ⵭һЩ
ϣ޷԰ΡʱܹضԾԼһ԰ô㡣˹ҲûϵǡˡֲǺڷŮ
⣬ѸϹЦݣſ֣ҾһʱûӦ
˹ΪſŮԥ߹ȥֱס
һֻ˴棬תС۾ڡȻ˵ʲôͫʵذѻ洫λߴڡ
¶æ𣿡ϣʡ
࣬˹Ц˵Ӱӵ㡣е㵣㣬ԿٰǱߵŪꡣˣ»һ£Ǵһ˿ɢôҩʦˣ
ûĬſѧԺȥطҲûء
˹һû֪Ҫſ
ʲôϣ׷ʡ
˹Ƴһۣûʲô
ϣ׷ġ˹˹ݣʹûлӽ˹Ŀġ
ϲ˵˵һ롣Թ
Ůüӳ£á˹΢ָĦ°͡
˹㲻Ҫסһɣ
Ȼ˹֣¡ﻹˣ㡣
Ǿͺãϣɿ
˵طһǰ㡣
᲻ᱻ֣֮ϣе㵣ĵʣ˵ģϣʵᱻѹһ롣
ֻȥ˹ɵ˵ֻҪҲڤͲܰôοŸսãϵ˿δ֪Ҳ鷳
Ҳϣ֪ϣҧŴһΪѣΪ鷳ġ
˹Цһ°ͣģⲻʲô¡̸Ǻܳ¡ΪôûƷ¡
ûи̸˹
֪˹νЦһ£Ŭġ
ˡϣ֪һԿˡ
վ˹Ҳվ
ø߳һͷǴĵ飬ӡһֻһߵͷһĴ
еĿӽ̽ȥһ롣
Ŷˡ˹ͻȻͣﲻ֪ʲôʱһֽһףֽϣĻУɿ˵꣬һҲȫȿû
ָƺʲôûз
ϣţѾˡ
Ǹæ˵
û¡״˸Ƿϴȥˣ̫طҪϴ˯
ϴҵŴֹϣϣĿջأֽطżŻƬĻһЩը
Цһ£һҧһڡ
ҧڶʱһ£ֽһͰ͡
һڵӰӿи֡ϣоһľ·ʯ˰ԶˣоʶҲڲͣʹظһͬ佩
˵һʶСrԺȻܶ˼ԿΧһСԿϴﺣ׺ˮһ𱻶ڿС
ĮؿǰĽŮ۵һƬ䡣ȻǲһˣڿϣһܣǲܿƵսȭֱ
εضɫ鶯ɲģµϣ˷ɫɫǿֱ棬ܶʱΪϣ
ԣסʶͼѰҴ𰸡
ôҵķԸʵػشҵĻ
һֿȻʲôͻشʲôˡ
ϣеίһ˵⣬Ͼһ


46 
Ļҡ, 䱻ٻɫĹâ
ϣ彩ӲʶԺ￴
ƽǾܵıֳº͡еʱƹܺڰ
, ɢſֲ״Ϣ, Ī⡣ϣŸо, Ǻڰûа, ֻб䡣Ψһһů, ȫ˺ͷ
һ, оûôˡ
һڰʲôҪٻش𰡡Сrһѡ
Ϊʲô
ΪǱסʶˡʲô㶼붼ػشİԥһ£Էͻ֪⡭
ס
ôһ˵, ϣֿʼˡ¿ʿû˼ʱ䣬˵
ĬضǰĽŮое㱡
ȥͷ۾ϣһģһһ˲, ΪϣվǰƺֻҪ, ͻЦźղſĻ, ӿѿڶ, Ϊʲô㣿
Ϊϲ
ɫһĪӿͬʱ, ԼȻʳĻ
Сr
ԲҸղŽˡϣԼ˰Ѻ
סƽ˺һ, ǿưϣðƻֿ, ¿ѯʡ
˭
, ҵѡ
ֻ˵һΪ˽лءһ˹ѯ֣Ͳ˵ѡΪʲôҪһġ
ȡظ޲ĮеϤء
㵱ȻϤϣԿ͵͵²ۡ˱صˮڤĹȥס
Ĳοܸߣ˺ѿռ䡣˵һ˿˼
ϣս죬ֻҪģͿԲش
˭ģ
ŵѧԺ
ʲô

֪˹˭𣿡
ҩʦ
ҩʦ΢΢ЩȣɫĴŮ͵־ѹ£κ˶˵ѡԣŮĴ𰸡
ʲôʱȥҩʦˣΪ˵Ҳ
˹ʲôˣ
ѡ
ѻడ𴽽ǣϣûôѡ
еġ
ҹʱţоʲʲôðƻƺʲôҲ֪֡
˷ʱûϲ硣ɢۣɤ䣬ֵ¡
һơǶϣЧΪûñ˵õԼ
Ӱʧڿϣ
΢΢һ£о֫ٽӲ
ܵɢȥĹٴλָɫ
ͬʱϴҵˮٴ˺׵ĸ
ϣȽŷڴߡ˺һ죬˵˰ʲôû֡
ͷȡĽָŽҪʱٴ
ҿ׼һͰժȻ˲¶ˡ
̫ˡһ춼ˮǲ٣ÿϴ趼ҪһСʱˮϲشϴ߳
ϣ΢΢һЦҲȥϴ
װϴþߵС߽ϴҡûеõʲôõϢʱˡ
ְɵľӲһ飬ա𷢱ۣȥܹɣ޹
Ҹͷʱ𣿡
񡣡Сrԥ˵
ϣЦһ£ְͷѵȹߵԡ߷ˮ
㵱Ȼô˵Ϊա
ϴص䡣׵Ѿ㲻˯û˯
ϣ˯ȹѣ챾ó
ԭдšдġڻµľӣʲô
ϣһ£ë৵дϴ׼˯أ
ɫּձдѸٱԷּȡ
ղȥѶˣҲ׼˯
ϣ
ΪʲôְҵѶأ
жʮ룬ϲʾһ֡
´ٺ˵ҿ˵ͬˡ
˵ͬ
ϣü˹˹ǰߡΪ˹ڱѰҼš
ϣԳ谭һ¡˵ʵŵе㷸Ǿһһ֯ɡ

ι걱صķ飬İϴ½ͺʦǣ鱱صѧϰ
ϣΪڽѧѧĸŶһڵĸ
沢ת¥ݺһҡһĴֱӰǴ͵˼ٹҹۡ
ΡӵĽָŵϷŵıÿһˮʳﻹзơʱ䣬Żٴοף졣
ʲôʲô˼ϴ½ͺʦɫűصӳȥȥһ˲䣬̹رա
õģֻͨΡһ߸ӱվ˵
ϣϳǶʹļ󱲣Ǹ³ص糿ȥóԷʱƵظҪڱڵģʮ
ôʲôأһʦʡ
ҰΣ³º͵˵ʱǶʮСʱѧԺṩӦˮҪ⿴ԼĶ
Ϊܻθڲȥ⣬һ㶼ѡ׳ûĵطԣҲҪСĹϮ㡣֮
֮ǻһŮЦؽӵһһѧǶʾϰΪģȡһ󣬾Ϳʼѵ齨Сӡ
ѾʦҪ𣿡
߽ףҪ𣿡
񣬡ŵضϣ˵ǿҪҵŻϵĿΰ
Ҿñɡϣ۾ŶĵطḻıѧѾضС˴ˡ
ͺһһƳؾȻһ顣
˹ˣҵˣ˵ʦ˵ȻʦɲȱˡҲϽҸɡҾʲôۿе֡ΪʲôڵϹһûأ
ҵ𣿡³߹ʡļطЦ
ûС
ԼҵĶ飬³Ц˵ˣܻסҹѾˣǳϤҾһǸĶѡ
ϣܾϾ³ظʹϵ˵أܾеɶ
³شˣһűӵŮ߹ǳشϣҾĵе͡ȻҪǿͬ飬Ư
ϣṴ𴽽ǣϳϴǸ˵Ůӡаǰ
ҵĶ顣³üͷ
ԣǡ
ԼҵĶ顣һͻȻĽʦǶﻹһλסص꣬ͿӵĶѡ
ϣعͷ΢΢һ˵˳һԲԲЦȻҲ˹˵Ľʦ
ɫһ±÷ǳѿû뵽ʦʸûеˣȻôܻӭкϲҲͰˡΪʲôŮӣһôߵļǿʲôأ
ף˹ͷµǡ
ԴԺĪصõ˺ʦϲÿ˶ܽеó֡ܵõʦС⡣ҲʱҲһʳǶ˽ȥ
ȥóԷ˸ԡڿڴһǹǸղŽʱһʶĺʦġ
ֱ̫ˡ
鷳һ𡣡һͷ
ϣ΢΢һӼʦп˿ϲɫ
˹
عͷ˹Ц˵죬ԭ
ףλһʦӿȣûм
˹ɨһۣ̾ʮȴԲˡǺʦ
˹ɢ΢ɲĹâֻһ˲ϣ˶ǴŵһԱ
ʲôϣʡ
˹Цһ£һСİʾıһ¹뷨
ˣһӰɡʦΧ롣ǿ˹ͺϲ۾ųĹ󣬾Ͳˡ
˵ˣֻһ𡣡˹˵
ŶСеǹѸ£Ҳ
ҵѡϣͻȻŤͷѰź׵ӰҲûҵ顣
ӽȥ˹ŤͷĽʦ˵
߸˵شӦ
ôðɣѾҵˡ³غǿЦЦ˹ߵ۾תŵĮĹ⣬·һжǲֵһġ
΢΢һĸ߸ϵĮȻֻһطܹڤ֮ʱ
³ջĿ⣬Щʧػص
վһԣҧ촽һ˿ԹĹâ
˹ȻûзŹС䣬÷ϡ֮ܳΪ󻼡
ʦ˶ӣɢֻʣϣ˹
ϣһҽԤСèǴףСġ
ûϵȥҾͰҳƬ˹𴽽ǣǻһɻЦ
˵Ϊ˸ҵƻɡϣüͷֻèͦ׼ġÿ˵ĶӦˡ
ˣ˹סļ磬ǰߣڣ㻹յ𣿡
Ҳյ¡ϣŤݵط
ӦϣǿҪʲôֵ°ɡ
˴Ӹǰߵĺ
ڵĻ£ĴŽʯɫĭſĴһųĿͷİݡ
ÿݵ¶һյơһ鷢ʯͷĹâŨĺڰһ·
ϣʦ͵£ƺﰾʮСʱϾڱ˵ڰʹ
ҪҪҸطأϣʡԼڹԢʱ򣬲ưס˲ڵҹɫͺݺݿʳġ
䣬˹һ˿Ȥ֪Ϊʲôҹ𣿡
Ϊҹϣ²⡣ʱ滹ǰ죬Ǻҹ
㿴Ƭ˰ɣ˹˵
ϣĿȥˣںġ
Ƭû㣬˹΢΢ֻҪκͻᱻһɿ˺顣
ףΪʲô
˵ܾǰﻹһСۿڡһҹ֮䣬ͱ˷档еľԼڼٹС򡣴ӴˣػҾͷƬͱ˹ľۼأصĽ
Ϊʲôһҹ֮ɷ棿ϣʡչü𰸡ֹѡܻء
˭أ˹ЦʣÿοƬ򣬶оž޴ķŭ
ŭϣ΢ڰ񣿡
˭أ˹˵
ϣԼ͸ĸúʲôԭŰĳۿأ
ǼţԶʱʱУޱȵİ
˹ֻųһϣںڰеаͲӿ
غİɣ˹˵͸ڰԸһġǺڰ׻ҡ㵽˹ͻʲôĳС
ҾûСϣɡŴԤԽķһɨգ˹ԣоޱȰġ
ǺţСʱ߳˸ۿڣ߽ïܵ֡
ﻹ˹һܣţȶʮСʱȥɡھ뿪ҲУҿԴߡ
ŰɡϣٻһСܣ֦ûȼһĻ̰ѺڰϵøԶ
Ϊƽʯ飬Ҫк˹£Ų
ŲԽԽھ׵ּԵе졣ʦǶҹ˹ڣһ·ͨص֡ڴ֮ǰ˭ǽų̸졣
ϣЩؿ˹ɫе㲻á
ǡװ˹ͷ˵
ʲôϣڿʵͬʱһӰߡǳɫ΢ͷӺʹ׵ķۡͷƯһϣͬĹɢӨĹâ
˹ˣϣȵؿڡ
ŷһ¡ ߴ˹ΪʲôǴˣֻһأ
˹Ӻڰ߽Ų۵׵Ц⣬ϣ߹Ϣǰ
ϣ̳ȥ׷˸įô˹ˣ·𿴵¼ļߣӼ͸ɵӡ
ҩʦ˹ŶԷϵѪζһĨֻЦ⡣Ȼ֪ܵˡϣûлָ˹ڰ׷ùǺ
ȻССذ˵æϾڰʲôȸ¸õأ
Ϊʲôܽҩʦ˹ʡ
Ϊرòеġϣæ͡
˹Ŀ⻺ɨ˹ɤﲻҼǵ㲢ûмţ
ȥȥ˹ػش
ΪԶͦġ
Ժ󻹻㣬ԶҲԱɽס
ϴ½ײͨ顣˹˵
ںԣϼס˹۽š
ϣһĬĬǶԻɻԽԽ
ּźûĨȥ˹ϲȻῴ˹ͻȻôŸıʲôأ
Ż᲻ֻǰѹƻص¸ߵ㣬ı䲻˹ġ㻹ϲģֻܵˣ
ףԡ
˹ˣˣŷӦһ˹֣ˡ
˹ֳȥţҶѾˣ¾ͺˡ
ΪʲôѪأϣ˰ѶԷšȻ·ǿ˹Ľë΢΢һ
˹ӵ߸䡣ﻳޱȾ޴ѹǻҪҪԵ߶˵ķ
·մˡ˹һϢе㲻ȡ̧ۣϸϸش룬۵¶ȸղůһЦ⣬ڱصæˡ
ҵ𣿡ϣߵĲݵ£еźҪû˹Ϳ˳˹һˡ
ţһҾǵˡ
ŶҪ֮ĸɣ
ϣüھ˹ƵԤУҲò˶ãͿعλˡ
˹һֱЦЦؿϣ˵ͱˡ
ϣƳĿ⣬ӿһɺ˽˹ɲʲôƢ
˹ˣҪȥԶԱˡѹø֪ͣģĸҡ
ϣ˹ĥĥ䣬еʧȥġ
ˡϣ̫Ըվ߶ɨӰһ룬ͫ͵ؽʶһ
һĸߴбվţ֪Ƕá
ע⵽Ŀ⣬̧˫Ư˪۾ɢس΢ЦҲϣ


47 
ϣ͵ذĿջ, ͺСrˡ
СrԼһţѾҿˣ, ˡ, Ҫܰɡ
ϵͳؼʱһ
Ҫһ⡣Ϊʲôʻ˹İɡ
֪˹뿪ҹ۵ʱ, ͸ͬ⡣֪׻ܳһΡӦʵʵš
Ҳ˹عͷĵضӰ, ǳǳĻ, ʶһϣ
, ǸŮϲˡ̹ϵ˵
Ŷ˹̲ȤذĿջءǽϣ.˹˹, ϣ.ά˹ûϵֻҪǽϣ.С
ϣ., أʡ
ϣͰĿջˡڶѧԺ˼Ȥ˹ߵʯ, ŰͣʲôõĶһ
ϣ.֣˹˹΢˵ͬʱͶһƽҶŮϡ
ϣȻ֪ǿʲôǲشֻ֪ò̧ۡ
˲ֱ񡣵֪ûзſơû, ̧۾¶ڡ
ˡûд򿪽ƣỳ˹˹ֱ, ⱾǼֵ顣, Ƕͨ࣬ʱ⿪˽ơ
һѡ
˵Ծط
, һޱȻ̧ۣƳһ, һμûһ˿ޡȫǺķӦ
ֱ, ĿĮע, ƺпʲôһ
ϣеľޣȻûӹ˹۾ţСˣһ˿ơ
תͷȻΧĹ߻谵˹ȴԺ谭ؿ塣Ͼ׵ͼûйԴϰˡ
ڷźɫëƤ̬ɣ˱䵭ĺڰСһ˫״ΪƯһۣתе⡣
˹΢΢ЩȣֺڵУΪʲôһأ
ˣ˷硣һΡܵѹϣĬĬ˰
ǲǾ䣿˹ʡ
𣿡ϣжౡ쵽һԱߵ˫۾Ӳ˻ȥ
˹΢΢üɨ˹ԼӰ￴ɫˡ˵ʵϲġ֪ΪʲôһӰӣͻӿս⡣
ǲǵҸдʮСһǿȡůġڳĹΣҪȥͼ˹߹Ѵ¹ϣϡ
鷳˹ЦЦ˵ҵԶףȻչˡʱͻȻԶǸݡ
Ѵ¸ңԼ𣿡ϣȵؿֻëµ˹
ҴģҲʲôȻ˹һ£ɨۣ̺Ĵϣˣøչˡ
޼ɵİʾ˹̱Ӳ
ϣѴµñͷӰסɫӶ״Ѿʧȥ˱
ص㲻ʲôЦһǸ벻ȱظ䡣ʲôط

ǣûǴϴ½һȡ
Ҳкĵط㲻֪ѡ˹˵
ǲ˹˵ˡ
ϣæӰóˮƿͼתע˹벻ˮÿһͻһ󱭡
ȡ͵ҧϺҪҪˮ
ȣ˹΢΢𴽽ǣɤҪ
˹¶һ˿Цɨһ˹еܣǰɣҾͦõġ
˵ˡϣק䡣
˹˵̼ĻƳϣɫȥ򴽣аɣֻҪ㻹ǵ֮ǰ˵Ļ
ľ䣿
Ůÿñӽͷɫ˸ʵֱϣڸ˲еֲ˭ˡ
ǵ𣿡˹ɨһۣиߺú˵һļơ
ϣæͷˣˡŹ֡
ǰ˵ô䣬ܶǵã
Сr̲ס廰ӦǾ䣬һ֮ǰԶ㡣
ǾϣüǾĻͺ׽˹Ϊˡһ֪˹ǹ񣬲ԸԷӴ
ľ䣿˹͸Сܼǵá
֮ǰ
Щ΢΢ۡһ˲¶һ˿ЦݡΪ¡
ϣ˿ñӽ˽ʼô뿪
ûϵСrοҾĿǰͦõġƣϳ˹ûϳڰ񡣺ڰϳ˹ûϳ񡣹˭ûϳ
ҪӦųڰΪǽϣ˭ûϵں񰲾ˣͲ˵ѾȫˡֻҪ״̬ȥƽˡ
ף˵ĶŶô¡ϣ˲˼·ֻҪƾͺˡ
ֻҪҪϳ˹ͲĻɡһðƻΧͷ˭Ⱑ
ĿڼתһȦͻȻڣȡ
˹ôˣ˹ƤǳƵضŶࡣ
ӣϣҪˡ˹㲻ǴӦ˵
ڳˣһײһײһڰײԼͨࡣ˭Űһ֣
𴽽ǣ˹
ԣײˣش϶ԷĻû취Ұְϲ֡ȫҶݺ񣬾ΰˡҲΪΰˣӦõҪһС
иĸ֡
Ȥ˹Цݣû𣿡ϣѹ㸸ĸҸĸ԰ɣ
ԶԶԣϣæͷҲܶԷռռˡ˹Ĵ𰸵ޡ
һˡԶȻʲôĸ˹شࡣ
˹Цһ¡֪Ӧøϣǧ˿ƵĹϵνֻҪͨ࣬ûϡ
ֻ˹Ҳ֪һôϣߵģܻŮ֮
ҲûϵҵšָĹ񣬻ԼΪʱ⣬һԶɡ
ִϣֿ˶ĿͶϸ׵ϡ
ǸޱϤǹ˫֡ҹɫܹ
ϸǸУװ׵ģӨĴָҲĺ룬ʮСꡣðƻδҲ̫˰ɣһ˿⣬вλҲ
ðһͷ仯òʦܶࡣҲǼٵġһֱô²ǶԵģΪʲôҪôأ
Ŀ⻺ɨ˹뵽ʹ˵ģ˹Ůߵ¡ڵ۾߳һЩŭ
ΪʲôҪ˹أ֪֪ʶ˭
һϣеˡӰóֻô󡣱صִӲַ͵ζϲˡ
˹ˣҪҪԣݹȥ
˹һֱӲ⣬һ˲䣬΢΢һЩҲԣѾԹˡ
ף𣿡˿ŤͷƳ˹һۣ϶Ҳ԰ɣ
˹ᳶǣеҪЦˡ˹ͺػˣĵʶԷԲԶƺûˣֱӾ͸˲ԵĶ塣
ȷʵԡΪԲԶΪôСԡ
ذͷŤһߡ
ǲмԵ˼ϣ붮ջͲˡڵ졣
ȫһ飬Ψƹ΢΢ްһЩȻ޷֤ʵݡһ̣оԼǱϣˡ
˹ǣղͦġһֱԼҵģ˲;ûԼȻϣǸͨĺͨ
ϣССҧһ¡Ӳټ캮ضֱһʯͷûҧֻϸ˸˰Ȧӡ
ܳԣ˹̳ЦصǵһӲġ
ںڰ˹ǱʶͲϲͷһξԶ˵ĶԼˡ
ҿԼȡ
Ϊ𣿡˹ҲŹЦ˹ԽԽӲ
˹Ƴһۡ
ϣæݸϢ˵ؿǻҪԵģô֪أ
˹ӹͷųԼȵ
зʥĹâһ̣оͽڵȴʳе뷨Ц΢΢˳ǣסЦ⡣
̧۴˹٣ɢʥĹâֽʮ㡣
ۣӦøÿɣǿֲòװĮɫǴС
˹ϣϣ̳ȸбҪϲЦһֱ
㣬Կе̡Ⱥú˹ݻȥ
ϣӹȻ̣˰ҧȥǡȸղŻӲֱҧʯͷϣǲϡ
Ӱ·һЦϣ̧ۣ֣߳Եġ
΢΢һԥһ°ȥ
Ѿ˵ˡ˹һ£ȫˡÿ˶ҪһЩֵ¡ô԰ѧ˵ҪԼİᱻʳ
⣿ǵö
һ֦ӺһƬУ°֦ã
ϣ˵Ȼڶֵ°ɡ
ϣóˮһЩȻ֮ϣת֦ϵˮ̻Ϊˮڶȥ
˷˼飬濾Ƥҵ¶ɻƵݸϣ԰ɣ¿֦ĵطԡ
ºͣһ˲䣬ϣΪ˹Ԣ
ӹ֦ССҧһ¡һȥɵסճ¯һóԼˡ
Ṵһ´
˹Թۣ˵⡣ȻΪԼҪһƽϡǿϣĻôòԾǾʶܾһ˵ǶȻ
ϣرһʣмѣôôأ
ԶͻȻһҹɫ
ϣͣ΢΢ۣŤͷ˹Ǻס
˹Цվָȥ
ϣʶҹɫУ˹ΰסϣֻϸС֡ʵ˾ôۡ
˹ɫվȻذѴ¿ϵϡ˹ǵֱ
˹΢΢ϣģƺ˵˾ʲô˹壬ֻܿϣЦһ¡
Цһаɣ
ҹɫУֱۣǣǹһĨЦĥһǾͿȥʬˡ
ǣ˹ҲҪȥ
ƳһۣûңǸû취ҹߡ
Ʋ˭أ˹͡
ϣƳһۣ֪˫ѶԷͨࡣ
˹ϨѣٻϣͷĹ޴ĵݣ´Ĺâڰе
վڹ֮⣬䵭ؿ˹Ȼ֪˭׷ġû뵽һ⡣
ڶȤֻҳࡣȻùԲ߳ء
˹Ҳҿ˹ĹԷڻָ֮ʵϵǰڰԡ˹һ
ֲ˵ֻԶԶرܿ˹ϣߡ
ϣȻҲ뵽һ㣬΢ɲƳ˹뿴ǲǹġ˹ɫƽʲô
ǰߣȥץ˹֡˹΢΢һûʼƵİֳߡֻɫսָĦֱǸָͷһġ
û֯
ƳҹɫǺֵܿıԵ
ԶԶͿһȺʦһͷƮ߰˸СһĹ򣬿ѹϡΧӿ˺ŨǣҰѪڡ
֪˭ˣŨصѪζа
ӳȥϴѪǶġȺﴫ
Ҫӳȥ˿ڣٳѪˡǺ׵
ҾͲˡǺĽʦ
ˡ찡ȾǡȺ˷˴ƮԽԽİ׹⡣
ɵһ˲ôǻǰĽʦûаǴȥֻ鷳ˡ
ҲǴȥа̫ˡ˭֪֮ǰʲôôЩаһԵأ
ҭһ£ˣӳȥǶ𣿡
ǴˡһʦĿԽǰ˵ļͷϲ
Ǵˣоˡǿ˹һ໽žҪȥ
Сġ˹ͷųһâ
ǹâδŨڵаʹӺڰмԹꡢɥʬȱ첲ȵĹǣһһͨء
ǶһϵηģԴ˿̧
ʦĿؿȥǸվںڰУʲôûױаˣɢضǹָ˵ĺױεץ˳ֱֱϣ
ϣæֽס̧ͷЦһ£ҵˣͬ顣
˹ûôװġ
Ⱥأ촽ҧס
λڰǽǸģһʦʸûеŮߡػ䱦һΧ
ôģ
Ҫǣôƽģ


48 
ĳ, ʱס˴аҹ۵ԽԽԣںڰеĹȫӿֵıԵ
΢΢üܲ
ڰа, ܳΪؿڤҹͱڼƵĻȾˡ
аҲһʮڿ, ҹ۵аˡʲôöƵġ
ôֻһ, ͵͵ˡһ͵Ķ
ҹ֮ԶڣΪ˿ؽĶû˸ҽȥҲû˳ѣҲᱻֹаһֱ׷ϡ
Ų߿ΪΣս̱ڵϵʦǡ⵭ͣһϡ
ǻǲҪˡʦ, ǻصʱǱߵĽֵǷƣǳ
õһƬ͵͵ͬ
վ, ǳķлؽ׼뿪
һŮͻȻһ, ʧ·¶ĵÿҪըʲôҶ, ҪƵġ
ҡŶͬ󺰡
ڴװʲôͬ鱻Ż, ɫ԰׵ˡ
ĶԽԽ̣Ƥǳ, ſ
ͻһĻʦٿذϴ½ͺʦֻбصʦ֪ʲô, ɫǳѿ
ϣʶ޸飬ĮĿ, ̻, ϣŵæջȥĿ⡣
ؿ, Ťͷָ
ಡķ𣬰ɳҹɫС̫ڻ谵Ĺ⡣
۾ȥһöָһָֻСذס
ɫӲ԰ס
ʲôȺ﷢ѯ
ء͸޲Į̵ֻһʾбʦʶ
͵˽أ˲ŵصŰ
ֲýаһֱ׷ǣ͵ˣ
صʦ֪޴Ĺҡ˵մȾıء
ʦĶҲһͻһΡû˭ȥԺȫ˵ġοڰ֪͢һõص̷
ɳһɲǣҾĻΪʵǿƳ
ûʲôԥġܰаŵùصˣѾﵽ˴̵ĲΡôᣬôʵеѾʼݡ
ûСɫͨطҷǲǽĶԼĽָСұˡҪظҪҵĹְ֣Ůڰϣ˷ָıС
ϣĬĬ˸ڰϣ档
㡣һкվǲµġ
лл㣬ֱҪ޳
Цһﻹһ
ָĶ̴кĿڴɳԹС
öָ
˵Ŀһ˲е͡ĵͬʱʣָ
кɫףͻȻⶼǰһ˸ɵġֻǴܡ
ұܣֱһġƭ͵ʥȻƾĲôܽأ
˵ֻҪõĶͰ׷³شˡͻȻǸϣϴ½ˡ³ش˲ͻȻ䵭
ŶصʦͬʱζĿƳ³أҲƳϣ
ϣ΢΢һо˹Ķߣɤ͸⣬Ͳʵ𣿡
ͦʵİС졣֮ġʲôûȫֵɵĺ¡
³صɫǳѿ׵ܵܡû뵽ԷȻӴ󵽸ȥ͵ڰĶֻ׷׷˴ŵ¡
˴ŵ³أûע⵽ź˪Ŀ⡣
׼⡣ޱһâͷ˲ʧƤĨˡһӱ徻
ŪȥˣȺﴫɪɪ
ڰ͢˵
صʦǶʱɫ䡣ƺǸ֣Ҳ㹻η塣
ڰֶ͢κȫ˺ڰ硣뵽ﱻУǸ¡ؼۼ塣
Ѿˣȥɡ˵ǶˣҲԵһˡ
ˣ
ôͻȻˣûʱء
ʦǾȼˡǿʱԷѾˡ
Ҳ߰ɡ˹ϣ˵üǸ˾ôʧƤ¡ûע⵽Է뿪ˡⲻһ԰쵽¡
ϣǰ˹ڳֻðѹֵä㣬Բ˹װȥ
ҲҪˡ˹ɨһֺʦǣתͷϣ˵
ҪȥĶϣȵʡ
Ȼϴ½ȥ˹˵һһš
˹̱ЩŹ֡˵Ҫȥϼҹ䣬˵ʲôζ
ϣü˹Ľ̫ˡⲻ֣ı̻ᡣȷǵ˭Ȼ֮
оòŲȥ˹ͻعˡҲһֹ̤ϴ½
һؼڱòͬһ𣿡ϣһģ֪ģҲָԼѡ
ѣ˹Цһ£𣿡
š
룬Ҵֻһѡ˹嵭ǳǳЦ⡣
һϣҡͷ
ˣ˹˵ҵţ㻹ûлϴ½Ҿ͵ٷá
𣿡ϣϲ۾
š˹ס
˹ˣ桭
˵û˶߹ˡһԵ˹۵˲ͷһرգҾͲˡ
ŶϣƳһۣﻹиɢ
ϴӦţ۾ڿ˹ϣ԰ǵø㡣ڼű֯
ĵطԲ죬ߴߴЦǵͷһϸܵĮ
̵ŲŲӣ˹ۣס󣬸ɴشʧڿС
ϣо͵һΣͫе˹ͻ˾޴ĸ
ǵĵطﳨŴţſڻվżλؽڡϹŽɫԶƺڵȴ˭
ѧԺʦһûǲ˲ƣֻܿߵġڲߵһ·̡
˹ϣ׳棬Ӹµؿ˭ǸԲࡣ
ࣿϣһȣʲô𣿡
װ˹΢΢ۣɤڸһüǵǵġ
˹治֪˭ϣֿҷģԺ巢𣿡
ҵ壿˹Ц㷢ԣҪҵ壿˶һҵ巢ģͬ𣿡
ֻһʽϣеΣļ֤¡
Ҽ֤㷢ģƭҲƭҡ˹ֱ΢⡣
治֪ϣַԼͷŵ֪ǿԿҵ־ġֱѹ˵滰Ȼ˵ʲô㶼š
˹ɡǱԾɣ治֪˭
֪֪𣿡
Ҳֻǲ²⣬˹˿ءԷ޵ĮϢչֳĲΣָһ֡ڰ
ǸһġͬĮ˹ǿ鴿ı飬ܱ͸޹שȴǿڱûйܴ͸ˣɶˡ
ЩУľǺڰˡֶκؼܴͺˡ
ҲˡԴӵ֮ʹڵͷϲͬһˡ˯ʱ䶼رϲɫҲȫ෴
˹Ӧϲ˵ģұģܹס顣ӦϲĿɰģڵġ
ϣ˫ִĵͻȻе㲻ȷƺа
ʲôϣЦʡ
Ϊ˶鷳˹°ͣɫͻȻɣЦ˵ˣ˭ǶԶ㡣ڻмͿȥҵĵˡ
ϣЦ⣬Ϊҵÿβ𣿡
Ȼβͻȫ˹ƯġŸ½½ʦ˹Ƴȥȥ㡣
ϣӰ߳·н£ʲôΪʲôΪʲôλˡ
λˣʡ
ҭһ£֮ͨͨһȥȥÿ˶ڲֽд½ľһ仰١
ϣȺصᣬսžŵŲֽ
ͺʲôʮһⲻǱ˴Ǹʲô𣿡һ߿ԼŲֽһ߸ϣݹȥһšϵ˿Ѿصҩʦˡ
ϣӹһԣдȫע챾ϡ渡ֳһ»𣿡
ƽȻһ㶼֡ʵ
ϣ֪һΪ̫ɺˡջȥʡѾˡϣд仰ʱ顣һĵģͲֱ׵Ҳȥˡ
Ҫȥ𣿡Сrʡ
ϣ˼һ£ȥʱͿ˭˭ȡ
ëʣ৵ػظðڹԢңóԵʳ㡣
ӣҪ۾

ڶ峿ϣȺߺŰѼó
ǻʣСr
һ֣ڼһ֣ʣʮ֡
Ҫ֡
ûСrֵصɴۣΪҪףǻȥ
һȥģҪúûȥϣЦһ£Ѽ˷ڴϣһ¡
̱ò·һģһЦһ¡
ϣƳһۣóԼҪ·һɫȹӡȫƾһȦ˿ϵšֻҪ⿪һ㣬ھͻỬȥ¶ͷ
ԺСrͷ۾ıɫϺ£Լ˵ȥóԷɡ
˵ͷ߳ȥ
ô죿СrͻȻʡ
ڼ˵ҵʯͷԻϵζ˹ҵҡ
˹ʶ˲Һ󣬲ܻȥ¡ֻһûϵҲǵһμҵˡͼ𣿡
ΣձԵߡ
ϣžһ·Цһ£ұΣյΪһϵͳ㻹֪𣿺ˣͰɡ
ӣҪ۾ˡ

άɿ糿ƽһһյ΢⵭£ֵ˺٣ֻмڴС
ĺҴѡͨ߳֡վʱ䡣
ϣӻ߲ˡȡţ̺ͻ͡׼һӲȺǵصıزȡ
㻹holdأСrһ
ϣЦһ£holdֻҪûȫҾͻ߾ȫȡholdڽűߵһΪֹ
ԵģСrʣϣŶ߳ţ̰۾ϡ
ϣŲӯسԢȥάźƽı飬߽¥ţ϶¥ߵǰӶһˮǣװ
ָţ˴룬ſˡ
վڰŷУ󣬸һߡƵĹΣ˵ˡǿЦ⣬ؿſʾȥ
˱¯ûȥ𣿡ϣûһЦ߽ȥعرգ
ѶڲϣۣΧԼ¶
΢Ůɫ޲ȹܹԵĿʽڷ纣󡣾ͺһܵ޹Ŀɰ
ϣϵͷͷһ٣¶ϸĲȻ⣬ÿһǶȶǿģջ
ôˣתʡΪﺬǣܺһֻѧСޡ
еɻЦϸ׵ָգǡ
Ů̺ĴȾ˲ݮǵ֭͸ˮɫǵĹĿⶢͣ˺ü뿪
񿹾ջƵһۣȻղԼֵһ̳ס
졭ȥˣ
죿ϣɻգգëǺڼˡ
ûиѳȥ棿ЦЦʡ
ûУϣܿ϶ػشһ£ڹû𣿡
ֶۣȻЦ£ûУʵ㣬乫Ԣ˵ˣԺ󲻻ˡ
ΪʲôϣȵʣʵתŶԲߡ
Ϊʲôеˡ˵Ժҡ
Ůȣ㣿𣿡
ûлش
Զ׼
˶ԷۣתĶһһóɤһίаɡ
ȥʳİװ첲΢̧һ£ƺϵʲô
ıӰΪ͵͵ĶƵһۡǿԼȥȥ
ϣ˫ֿٵشʳģޱ飬һᶼûСǱӰȥȴɼˡ
һŪǶѶ΢΢üôߣ
֣ŮŤȥɨһַۣɿתȥⷿǮİɡϲųԣҲ߰ɣĥһһԷ
̱Цˡ
ߣǾȡҲеԼôһ߲أ
ţ̡߲ˡͺͻڹùཹཡζ䡣
յⱻ˺䣬ůڷɫůɫϣʹۣһԵؿŹӡ
ŮϸţһƤĲһİ£ֱȫŹ⡣
һССسһΪûдһ£ˮۿһۺ⣬ŷ硣̴ٵĽŲһͱת˹ȥ
ס°ͣ΢ü죬ҿ
Ҫܾ
һ󿪣΢ŮСɵͷԱߣаˮǡĴ񱻹֭һ۵ջ
رۣﶼӿĺڣɤҲЩɳƣ𣿶˵ˣҡ
ϣ
ⲻ


49 
ϣ, ѷ̧㿪ǯơ
Ժһѹͷʵʵػˡ
𶯡ڷרעض, յָӿһ͵Ĺâ
Ҫ𣿡ϣȡ
ŵĲôܺã
ǹҲԡƴ˱֧Ŀ־塣
һҲϣЩ, ֻɿ֣Ǿưɡͷ, ȥ
ϣۣ촽ᶥһȻϢݿܵӿĴ˲һƬհ, ֻܿԷӲë
Աߵͭ, õӲڹཹðСݡ֫ϵֱԽԽ
ⱻ˱, ŵĵط, 顣ˮǱԷ, ĦŴ, ĺۼ
ⰲسϵ, һʯӯʡ޲ȹ, Ƥָ޵Ħšܸо뻮ĴС
, ׻ع, ࿪ܿ׷ŨܵĽëһᶯ˶, , ¶
ҡѧǻ˵
ǵͨĴ, ǻ, ³ϢҲʮһ㶼ûס, еЦ
û㣬˵㲻ǲϲֻҵķʽ
ϣ΢һ£û뵽ռ˵ĽǶȻô档򴽣ѣת¯Ϩӽ˽Ũ
аɣڲˡлл㡣ˡ
̳ȥɫĪ⡣
ϣûйëŹѣѹ˵˲ϡְгƬһεСɿŽԡ
Ƴվһ۸СޡƤɫڿȥһѪɫûСëѻţᵽ
Сȵ̴֪ˡʶůĹ⣬ôܸٻصĵصأ
û״һӡǣѾƾɲԷװû
ʢúõذѲ;߰ںáŤͷЦŶ˵ţ̣ر㣬ҪҪȣ
ٿ̧ۣƯ۾תһ˿ӵζ
ϣһɻؿȥվ룬ůϣб°һƬرء˾ôվŵʹ¶۵Ĵ
Ȼ֪ڱŤʲôҲ֪еίòͷһ⣬ȴǵɫ⡣ˡ뿪ƫƫ岻ˡ
߹Ժˡ˵ðɡͺˡ˵ҪҪأͿʼŤˡ
վߵߣȥѻۡӲվšЦϸ׵ָ𣿡
΢΢ƤԵؿ
ߵǣ𣿡
ʱһġȻ˵ʲôǻѾʣˡĲݮζζһһֱڳݼ䡣
ҪҪϣʣҰҲܺúء
ȥ֣ƯĹǽڷ֣ÿ¡
΢΢üһ£Ƴë
ͷëȸˡ
ˡϣɿ֣ǰ¡Ѳͽ̺ãȻ£Ҹʢ˳ĻƬŶĢݫ񶡡
עڵʣ㲻𣿡
ϣ˫ֳЦ⣬Զ
ڵ΢΢£ʱһϡһ˲ʱһֹͣˡŮЦݺһ̣εǶĵÿμڳһƬط
ۣ֪Լˡ
˼һ£ӣӣҸղ˵ˣҡ㻹ˡȻˣԺͲ˵ڡ
ϣ΢΢һʶʣڻô
ڣͰķ
ҷɻˣûӦð㷿𣿡
Цһ£ɫϸϸ⣬Ը⣬Ҳ
עԲ۾Ů̲סͷһ¡
򴽣𡣡
ǲԵġϣܵĵСʿ
Цһ£Ϥĸоֻˡ
֪ˣġ
ϣ̶˹ǰѧѲ;߰ںãѲͽϡ
δµе㱿ֱšһ㣬;Ҳڴλáͽ̵Ĳõʱе㳤ƺ˼û̲ͽϡ
Сr˵Ҳ㣬õһössrҺֺøֵҾ˵һ
̫ţˡΪ⣬û뵽İ˼ӷ
ϣ˲侫һ񣬡ģ
øֵǹ֮һ֡һ֣˵һ֡
Ĳࡣ
ssrǡڰΪĸı䣺չˣҲûʶӵڶˣζʲôǱ׾ѧģںò;ߣ̺òͽ
ԭϣ˼ԺڰssrҵĻһԼ˼·
ʲôʣ͸һ㵣ġͻȻֺˣԭ֮ǰĹʧ
˵ʵղһվ룬ӿޱߵĿ־塣ϵţΪʺƿĹ⣬ҲԶԸٿһˡ
ûʲôϣһƬ˺ɼƬŽǳԶɣרΪġ
ЦŤͷؿʼרΪ
ϣ
ȵһʱͻȻỽ֡
ţϣ
û˰ࣿ
⡣ʽ˹ʹ˹ûʡ˹Ȼ֪Ҳǰʡ
ȷʵֻһʳǰʮָմˮΪڶüʽˡ
ûУֻ㡣ڰϣҷġ
ŮǶĻش̲סǣţ֪ˡתͷŰسԶ
극ϣȥˮϴ
ϴ֮ǰӶͳһˮǸſ򣬺ǹϣڳæ
ڰ𣿡
Űɰɡϣӳϴ룬𷢺ͺڷĸң𰸶˵Ҫˡ
ʲôҪСrʡ
ҸĹϵȽҪ
Ŷڰǲݵͷ
ΪʲôĿߣ뿼ˡȻҲԼйءΪ˺ֻұ˭ԼҸ񵽵ʲôϵ
׼ôأ
һǲ鲻ģѱ䡣ڶֻҪֳץûϵҪʱˣںķΧƽιϵ

˹߽εĽҡû˾ͻȻʲôԣڶΪǺŵʦ
Сǻغţ˺ã
˹ֻɨһȦϾ¶Цݣ׼ȷߵһŮ¡
ôңЦʡ
ϣƳһۣû˵
˹ЦĲֽдûУ©ȱһ¡Ҫʩƭһ²ֽҲС
Բ˵ʲôŮ΢Ц˵
ôˣ˹˵ʲôˣҲʲôǵڡ
һ£ΪûһΪ㲻Ըճ㣬Բû㡣ȥĺ˻Ӿ
ˬ𣿡
˹΢΢һеˬɡ
תһ˿ɻ󡣲֪Ϊʲôϣĸоرİ
֪ʱ½شţҵβͶˡ
βͣŮ΢΢°͡
˹˲ۣתһ˿Ī⣬ҵβͣ㲻𣿡
Բ˵ʲôŮ΢Ц˵
㲻ǵ𣿡˹˵㲻ҵβͣ㻹ұĵط
ĵطŮ붮ĿƣҲǵˣͳ
˹ϽʣƱ仰ˣ΢΢𴽽ǣĺܲһ
Բ˵ʲôŮ΢Ц˵
ûϵĹͶˡ
Բ˵ʲôŮ΢Ц˵
˹΢΢һתһĨ˼
ϣϴСr̸ͷɫȥһŴ£һߴߡ
̧ۣŲʱסɵվڴߡԱߵķ˹֧°ͣһζض
Цݣװϲģ˹ôˣ
˭ˣʡ
ɫ΢Ȼ֪һú˵˵ǲҵ˹ջȥ
ûϴǸ顣˹˵
˵ǣȥҾͻˡϣЦӯӯ˵
Բ˵ʲô΢Ц˵
ͺˣллϣûиض˵תͷϲõЦݣȥ͸ЦЦζ꣬˹ҶˣȥóԷɡ
˹ץסŮ֣һϣһ˵
ˣȤ
ȥ˭˹ۿɤ
Ǹˡϣ̹ϻش˵֪ϸ
˹˵˲Ҫȥ
֪ϣֳŷΣ˹ɵعסǰһϡ
̾λ
ȥΪ˸ԺҪټˡ
Ժ󲻼棿˹Цһ𣿡
ܰϣ§סĲӣһֱңҲҲܡ
˹Цһ㻹еԹսֱۣȫԼϡ
Ůĵӿ£ס°ͣ˫ÿıɫ۾
һô˿𣿡
齫СrЦ
ϣֱ̿һһ͹ˡ˾𳵡
˹ݣٴ£Цһаɣ¾͵Ϊֹˡס˵Ļȥˡ
áϣͷӦ
һְ
ףϣЩȣþû˹ķˡΪʲô
Сrѵ÷ԭ򵽹㣬˵ʵ͸ˡ
ۣƺءǷŹˡ
⴫תԿ׵ϣæ˹˵Ǻס
˹е붺ǿʧģ̾ʹӿʧˡ
Ѿˣϣ˵ˣѸָٰԭ״
ôˣһȵؿſڵϵϣʡ
ϣüһޣһӡ
ǿɲҵġæҡ֡
֪ҵġϣӵԼϡ
ˣϹһ˿ղűصĽ֪ͨڤιȡˡϣҾˡ
ȡˣϣһϲ
Ĳ׷ˡ
֮죬˹һֱߣûȥÿο챾Ϥġ𣿡̶һ䣬ٵȵȣæ
㲻񡭡
룬Ӧòҡϣ̫ȷ˵
ȷûֻ֪ͨĬſѧԺڤ¿Ųιۡ
죿ϣ΢üͷ
ǰЦطӣҳԼÿӡõ֪ͨһҪ֪ǺҪȥˡû뵽һ컹ȥڤҶļˡ
ϣüͷø˹ǰ˹ˡҲܹ취е㲻ʲôˡ
ҲǺüȥÿüˣ׻񶼺֪֡һǼ˵ʲôĻ
ƺҲûбˡ
ڶ죬ϣڲûиһȥóԷߺ̰Ѽó
ô˶һ
ôˣ
Сrɫе㲻ÿʾ⵽ƻ޸Ҫ졣
ƻϣ΢΢һôƻģһ˿ջѵ˹Լʲôֵ£
ӦǺԼ˽ѹƣͼʶ˵ʵǼûʶĻеƻһЩ
ԭϣĪɿ
ǲǵԼȥˣ
ϣ̾ȥΪһ졣׼ˡ
üڰô𣿡
Ӧȥ룬ϣϾҽӦǸĽŮ
죿Сr΢΢üҾúڰ仰ˡ

Զǧ֮ڤһƬæ֪ΪʲôڰѧιĪӡȻҪҴɨǸЩ䣬ڤÿ㡣
еĶʹˡǺųȥеĲţеæŲ֡
ڤǲܣڤʲôĶǺɫ
һɫѸٵҰšһγһƬ޴ĺɫ
˵ʵͦÿվļ˵
šشһͻȻʣñ˹ô
񣿡΢΢ȣ˼һ£ȻûȥΪɫûкɫÿŮǺͷһϲġ
Ҳн𷢡˵
˵ˣЩԥȷһ𣿡
ʮȷҽͻ֪ˡ
΢΢һ漴¶һ˿ЦǸ˵ɲʲôϢôȷ˽𷢺ڷһˡ
ûáҾеѣ𴽽ǣΪ˲úڷһװԽ𷢵Ȥӡ
ҲЦ̵ס޵ܽ
԰ɡ


50 
ϣõȴ͡
Χʮλŵʦ, мλӵıؽڡÿ϶˷ܵɫϸߵ˽ͷӶ
е˶ԣڤһĵط˭, ĸطˣԱػӵУ󶼻ᵽ򱱵֮
յҲ㡣ڤսᣬִڤ𺽡
ûл˽ȥ, ǿԴһӵ¡
ϣĸҽ, ڷǳơСrҪʮֺøֵ
ôȥ
˹ʱͺܹȻssrһġɺøֵ, Ǿʮ֡Ķ, ķѵҲ޴󡣡
, һֺøֵһ֡ʵǴľ޴ֻΪ˱Żɷ֡
ϣüͷ, ˼һ£ȲޡҪȥ˹ˡһûлõˡҴ˹Ūޡ
ǸСrɤͻȻ£˱ϵɲ, Զʼ޸ˡѾûˡˣǷ֡
ϣ
ôأĶʮȥˣ, Ƿ֡
һֻ޴߱ڶ, ÿֻﶼһݡ
ûʱҲ޷˹һڵһ, Ҫܴۡڴˡ
˼һСr, ʮԱжʮСʱҲǳǷ, һŪÿ̶ĵһ֡Ūô
ԱɡСr˵
ϣن¡̴ͳ챾ëʺīˮһǳ, Ƚ⡣Թëʿֽдһ󴮡㡿
, Сrϲغһ֡Ժڰľϲһαˣɭ
ϣػϱذŽǻڸڤͨˡȺ¥ݼȥ
ţϣѾˡͷϢôˡӿڴһϸϸָС÷顣
С¥ݼ˵Ĺâ˲ռС䡣΢΢ĿһֻƯĵˮɫ۾ڰС
˹Һ㰡˵
ˮɫ۾Цϡ棬㴳ˣ
ûУˡŮգŨܵĽëȶƯĳ
ûôʱ붯˵ĻĴʱֻüڵֱӺը
ÿ˹Ҷ߿յģٵʲôʱҲ֪жôҪ
۾ԵЩã˵ɣҪΪʲô
Ů˱죬ƺеίֻǵ㡣
ģˮɫ۾ӿһ˿ȡ
ģ˹ϣ˵
˹Цһ£ˮɫĺĤˮĵӰаɣ֪ˡڶ˹дɨ
ܶཨ϶ųˮ壬̫ۡԵø峺һ㡣ϲʱ͸һˡ
ͻȻóƺǿʼˡϣؿһۣҲ˵ˡҪϿˣҵˡ
šˮɫ۾Ц⣬עŮܳȥ
š顱Ĺϣ΢΢𶯡һ΢ı۾Ϊʧڿ
һ֡СrֱȿʼȻӺٳһֱ֣󡣡
ϣһЦΪټܺá˵ûЧˡڻְɣһǷһģ
ԣСrͷҪôŪأҪ֪ǽŮһڰûнˡ
ҲнġҹǴβǼ𣿡
ϣʦĶܿ죬ܾʮΧƵİǽΧһȦͨĴͬҪȥĹȡ
ϣ֪ĺ壬ǰѧʱѧԼ൱һķյĿռ䡣߳£ͻաھû˽ȥ
ͽԸԽõȻ治ڰͽΪڤԸ˭Խ
ڰͽԸǽڤԺͶ̥ҪŶӵġһܲһӡһиṩһλ
һ¡Ժһ
ʦֹͣߴߴһãתͷ
Ҫ˵ֻһ仰ڤһҪ顣ڤȫŵġֻһС򡣵ȻһСѾҸܵĴȰ
ڤǲ˽ȥġңҲǵһȥ֮ܶҪ顣ڤĻʮ⣬Ҳϣǵ˭õ
ɲ˵һ仰׵ƤЦ˵
ϣЦһ¡䲻ЦǾĴȰǺȤ󲻳￴óȰ
ԺͿʼʮͬʱɢҵĺɫâ
ƺɫ˿ߴͷȥӽһγһܿĺɫĻǹһ𣬾ͷ̾һ貵ӡʱʱԿһǻ
Ⱥбѽѽľ̾ʮԴˢˢɴ۾š
ûȴҶ࿴ۣâͻȻʧȡ֮û̫ûƶĵɫա
Ҳʧˡվһ޼ʵĿҰϡķ˷һߴܼģֻвƵİ͹ƽĺɫҲ㣬һݶûС
ԶĵطһϸĺɫӰӣŲصسеΣҲиֶ״ЩǸȥõĻꡣ޿κεľ뵡ڤ
˶ر죬η塣
ͻȻԶģĳӰ˹ԽԽ֮ʱͬʱֵˡǸղſĻһƥҲǺɫӰӡļֽһÿնĺ۾ƵĶǡ
Ŷ룬ȥڰԺȷӦţȥӴ̽ͷкϳ
ʦǴžֵɫ̫Ը˳
ϣȥãҡǰʻ
ȻҲʮˡÿ϶Ī飬Сû˵˵ĺҲɥʧ˿ڵȤϣĸ첲ضŴ⡣
ϣеΪʲô˲ϲڰˡȷս;
ָʲôϵأûҲ֮ƹ¡ϣ΢΢ķ紵ͷϣ˽ɫˡ
ԽԽ죬⽥˺ɫĽӡֵЩͨͨǾ޴ĺɫӰӡЩƴĵطܿεӰڻζ
ֵҲи߰ݵӰӡվ߶һҲûУ׵Ŀ¡
о˻˵ϢеӰӶնۿףķ򡣾þţƺڻʲôľĬ˸𺳵ľо
ʦǴҴһڡſڴڣһţؿ档
ûãҡҡλͣһ޴Ĺεųǰ粻ʲô塣
Ӱӳ³ͷ˫ֱȻƺڸ˭ϣ̽ͷȥ˾޴ĸ߸ߵϣһССĺڵ㣬ƺһֻ
֪ΪʲôϣܸоǸڵڶԼüͷ˻ȥ
ֿʼֱӴ˹š
ɫ˲ӿһֺ˿˿ܸоϮܵһţģиоֻطͷ
һʶܡͻȻʧܵĸоҲʧˡ
ָֻ˶һĸо
ϣתףղûиоʲôһ£
ûСҡҡͷһʼе㴭ͺˡ
û𣿡ϣ۾ôʡ
ûСײۿһ㵣ģܾǾ̫ˡͫͻȻŴӿ˾ϲָŴ⺰
ϣŤͷͫӳһƬޱ޼ʵĺɫںɫϣɫ̵ѪҺп˻ʮ𺳣ʮұ
ϲЦ˵
ɲʲô⡣΢ЦŤͷ˵
ϣؿһۡƺҹ֮󣬾ͲˡǰЩִС
ȻԴΪر䰲ֵݡ£ؽӦûʲôϾûбڤʺ϶ֵĵطˡ
ˣͣھ޴ĺߡںĶ棬ڿеĽȺһɫĵǶѪɫĻƵġ
һȥ۾һֱϣϳֳԻ󲻽ɫ
ôأΪҪװ
֪˰ɣssr˵Ǵҹ͸ˡԽɫͷںڰǰʹڰѾס
ôأһܶʲô
ҲºڰȻףǲ֪ĹϵӦⷽεͦõġû˭ϲմñӻε
Һڰñͷ֯ġȻͷ֪ԼҲյһñǿ֪һСۿ󡣡
ҽʲôҪǸط𣿡
ȻһΪʲôأssrЦ˵ȷǸطڰŭ
ȷصͷղһʼǶʹ֮ǰһΡ̤ǸԺ󣬾Ҳû˵ǺڰְҲ£һźڰܡ
Ǿôɡ

ʦսսվڵ֮£žڿУȶĶʹǡ
ϣܸоʹﲻֹһλӦڲݾѻļʹ֮⣬оƺһߣӸԶĵطͶ
һǾ͸ʹմ˽ȥԺС˵һҪְ۾ͺˡ
Ժǣܼλߴ𣿡
벻УķԺЦһ£ֻڵһȫ̵ʱ䲻̫ϾڤʱԻûкôˣźöӣھ͸Űմ˽ȥ
ӵʮ˴ӿл¡޴ĺɫûȶ⣬˶ɴ۾
˵ʹо˵òƯŮˣȡǵഺûб֤ʵǶʹɶӵſ١ʹޱǿŵʡ
鿪ʼǰУʦǸϢС
ϣŶ̤һݡרΪ׼ġǳøߣֱ졣Ҷսս²Сĵȥ
ò뿪ݣϿ¥ݡٴΪ޴ĵؾ̾ʵԹ񷶥ĸ߶ȣҲжٸӡ
̴ںɫĵСǲ񣬵õףߡ
ʦ۵Ŀ⣬Ŵʹʥĺڰ
޴ûκλӰһжǺɫġǣǽǣҲǡ
޾İâڸ߸ߵ񷶥ʣһƬõĺ󡣺·Ǻɫļͷ·³һ¼ŵسĮؿˡ
ʦæջĿ⡣
ղſһɲǣʶһֲֿݺݵסǵࡣȻֻһ룬ͺ񿴵λߴڡ
ĵطƽkỨʱ˵
νӴڰáȻͷһ£˵仰˳Ĭ
ʮλʦһ۰Ͱ͵ؿһ˵
򴽣ָ̧һ¿ľ޴ӣ澵ӣԿ˵
˵æƵϡ
ϻһ壬Ƕʹëġ
ʹָķ򣬴æȥ塣
ʲô𣿡Ժ̲סʡ
ٻ
ٻԺˣ˭ٻλߵĴأ
Ȼ⣬˿Ц˵
ΪЦݣʦԷһЩ۾øȥǴ塣
ϣҲӰӰԼԼģƺеΪʲôÿôˡ
ʲôԺָŽһŰӡһƯĻƽ֧ܣȵذһɫСƿ
ǸеΣǸʲô洦򵽵ľϬֹѪࡣϲǸƿӣԡ
Ŷ۾һʲô˲ıһڰϲҩƿ϶رĵطȻѧԺһʮ˸ڴͷϡʮѡ
̫ÿˣߴڣرڴƽھԺ̾ȥҲôϡ
գ
ϣ΢΢һû뵽ȻҩƿڤҲû뵽ֿĵط
ǸҲûʲôÿˡ˵Ҵȥһ²ߵĻ԰еʱǱһ¡мȪǺ˼ġ
õĺõġԺæ˵кҽϡ
˴ӲųȥһɲǣĽֳһޱȵĺڷꡣֱۣбӶվߴ˺ǽڣͶȺеһϸӰϡ
ˣȥ𣿡ʡ
ȥ˵
ͷһۣܺá
ΪʲôأЩ⣬㲻ȥôȷϽ𷢺ͺڷһˣ
ѾԹˡڸղ˿ʱȻû֮һ¡е˶ܵطֻûСΪֱҡ
Ͳ𣿡
ţͷȻϴ½˵ģҾͲȥȻΪֻϲ
ߵ԰ĽŮЩǳٹʮСʱҪԱˡڶҲ÷ֵĻᡣ
ڰǲǽ첻ˣСrʡ
ᡣϣܿ϶˵أ߾һοͣ°Ȼ»ˡ
һҴߵġ


51 
Ļ԰ܴ, ֱɭݡ
һƬƽ׵Ŀ棬ȫǸƵɼﱾǽӽյĵطԿƶ䶼ѻϡ
գѹһ, ѹһīɫ֦Ҷ, Ƥǡ
԰ɢ໨䡣״һɫǺɫġǴӵżȪȷʵ˵, ʮȤ
еȪɫıʯеǽ, ˮǡ
ৡֶ֯һںɫпĻȤȪѸٳ嵭ڤĳظС
տҶϲӣ˿⴦ط, ͽˡʦǲؽӲվ, Χĳ, 
ʦǻһɢ׷׵ԼϲȪԱ߿ȥˡ
ˮǵȪҪȪԶһ, ӽɭֱԵȪԶûбʯͽҹ, ˷ǳ١
ϣ˫ֳڳӱԵŻĺɫˮ, ²ûԹǡ
ȥĵط𣿡
ССѯϣգһ½ëص
, , ӦСr˵ղϣһȪ, 켱ˡоʱţȼա
𼱣ԷssrǳжɡҴӦ̫, ᱻĿġ
תȥ, ؿ΢Цŵ
Ǹ, ֻ䵭ػӦ
ƺµô˵Цָһ󣬡ȥŶ³شˡ
Ų֪³شλʹĺ󱲡˵ﲻԶиС̳ĻñʯġԱ߻ֻ˵ҹݺҲǱʯġֻҪͻ˵㻹Իá벻ȥһ𿴿أ
ϣ΢˶ġͦȥҹݺô˵
üͷͷƳһڸԺ̸Ķʹװܾģʵڸؼͣϣǿƭߡ
صģ³ش˵ֻм·ȫߵĶֻҹݺͻҪ֪Ҳܺ±ʹءؼϸȰ˵
ô𣿡³صȵʧģ첽߹
ϣŮϸ׵ָιŴϵĶдԳìܵӡǳɫĽë΢εĹϣֵıʯ
ƯŮӣҲ³ؾһڱ裬һɨա
ɤ̺ͻġҸմǰˣ˵һȥҹݺĲʲôҲǿһء
ϣıɶԺܿ
Ȼܿ죬³º͵Ц˵ұ֤
žҪȥˡɲϣڱصһԸλƯĹӡ
ƹǹȪɭȥ
޴ɼÿһöܴ׳ֲǿΧסɵɭֱ֣һȻԹ˲һӣϣ͸ɢˡ
ף֣һֱصĺߡôƹһǾͲأ
Ҳǡ
ҲϣЩȣˣΧɱҪˡ
Сrһ£ɤ͸Ų⣬ۿﶼ
ϣ˼һ£¶˼ɫ룬Ҳʹʲôߣҿǣһ·Ч
ôʲôأΪ˲ȥ𣿡
Ӧòǡϣһƽؼǰߣôû塣Ժһѧ϶ʹҵġ
ӦǱʲô޷塣˵ʵôͦȫġܰҴطֲ˻Լ
ǻߵȥأ
֪߾֪ˡϣһɵСϵͳ
᲻ΣգҪô߰ɡ
Ӧ޷ʹô͡ϣ˼˵ssrûзСǸߺֹܻܿ㴫͡Ȼǿһ¡
ڣСrЩȣʹãǿɾ뿪ˡͲ÷ˡ
Ҿǲ뿪ϣ˵
ǰһ·ԺﴫСr̾Ĳʹðô㣬ǵ㲻档ƺһεֹҡ
㿴ǰɡϣȣšһֵĸоԼ֪ȥĶƵġҲǵߵɡ
ʮԺǰѡһϲģߡ
ڤ̫Զǵɫһ޼ʵɭһ㶯ֻЬ̤ŲаҶͿ֦ġ֨
ģյɫԽԽɵɫŨ졣ӿŰѪҺߴɼյӳ£һƬڡһ𣬺ƾ޴ĸǽ
ϣҰһʡ·ֻǹǣǰߡСrûƺǿ˯ˡ
оԽԽͻȻһǰȥϥǺƲ䵽˼Ӳϵĵ棬޴ʹ˲ѡ۾֪طˡ
Żɫ̦ͲƲֲ밵Ļǲģĳ
ĻܡǸʯƵķ䣬ƺǲΪԱ߾ʯͷƵĲӡ
վӿȥӣÿ涼ȥʡÿԱ߻һӣʢҺ塣
ȥ뿴øһ㣬һɴ߬סĸ첲͵קȥ
ЩֻҪͻߡߴϤ㵵ػعͷͫӳӢ
ɫ̫ãֱӣɿ֡о첲ʹһȦڡ
ôģʡ
Ҳ֪ûѣ治֪ôôطġҸͬɢˣǰһڣˤˡĸ
۾΢΢󣬼ǻ谵Ĺ߶ڲסŮĵ˿ڡ˺ܴһƤ𴦻մ
ϣ֮ǰˤˣûиоرʹࡣһ˿ڣƻջǵģʹ۵һƬˮ⡣
ˤôҰ޷ŵ˵
΢Įӣһ޷άֱ顣ŰһЦȥɤ˵ɣԼͷһͺˡ
ϣգգëЩϰĮڵ׺ΣġҲ֪Ƿ̽˭Ǹûһİˡ
ǻҲԥһ˵ܵһ˿ڣ
¡Ǳ
ϣԼģˣˣȲˡ
Ϊʲôˣڷüɤ䵭˵ȻܸΣҲܸࡣҿԽ㰡
Ҫϣŵʡ
šһ𾪵ı飬Ǻһ¡
ҲѧϣֱӾֻܾ޶ëĵ˿ڣȻϵԱҪ¡ôð̫ݡȻԺصڷһģ񾫷ˡ
һ˼һڷ
ڤĽء
ϣ΢΢һ㶣˲Ťͷʵǲǽ˶
һ΢΢㲻ᡣ
ϣüԭó֡⣬һֱôġϴεֽ粻ssrϵͳη塣ȷʵ˼֡
Ҫ˽ssrĹܣóȻϡһssrкţֶΣ޷ԷػǸڰ״̬Ͼssrػò¿ʼ
ΪʲôнأȥǸĹҡ
ȷʵǸĹҡû̹˵
ĹҰЩȣ˭أ
ԥһ£źڰѡ
ڰ񡭡ġѣЩѵ⼸ʣоеַʶһͲˡ
ţ߸ѡɤúܵߵһֵǽԣɭ.Ŭ˹֮ڰѣҪڤӵȨ
¸˹֮ڰѣҪڤ֮ˣ԰ĿأڰѣΪ˵õһԳ򡣡
޵˹Ȫˮ֮ڰѣػڤĴ󽣣δ黹֮սʱѽڰս
С΢΢ͷԿ̵컨֣̫ˣǲˡ
ϣúһϡû뵽ǰȻôѣΪϵõô
֮ҲȪˮ֮һַ֮ɣѹʮֲˣԼڵĵصס
˹ʹĻ˭ǺڰأʱܽӲҲôΪİɡ
أ
Щһҹۡޱ˵
۾ƺԼһζʹĻԺʼ쳹һ
ĴڸǴġȻ˹Ҫڰ
ˣǾͲսᡣ
ûûڤҲкڰ
ڰ
ڰ
һֻůסơů͡ö֮ˣͻȻյȻůͣȻڶ̫õǲġ
Ҫ࣬ࡣ
ۣڵӳŮģõĽ𷢣۾ȻƽģЩ𣬵ȴ޲ͬǺڷǽ𷢣ϲ
Ȼž޴ܣʼջΪûж⡣ٴ۾ֱܷó
ЩĹڿȨƺ۾ֻ̰۾ʼ񾲵ֻڿʱһ˿
ϲİɣ
һ㡣
û°ɣϣЩĵʡղɫĪ⣬ɢһƺֱΪҪˡ
ع񣬿Լֻ䵭ذֳ
ңǲԵġ
ϣ
ΪʲôְʯͷԼŵĸо
ɥСr˷ܵ˵ղŵõһֺøֵѾǷھͲĵǷˡ
ղŵõˣϣе㾪ȡ
ѽøֵһ֣ڰúůʲô׵ϲ
ϣ΢΢һҵ׳׵ˣ
ôǵˡСrͷ
װʲôʵ۵𣿡
ɡ̫Ρ
ʲôֻҪҲΣεľ
Ҫô죬𣿡
ôͺڷͽ𷢡γɽ١
СrҪôͰ
ȴ뿪˵
ϣͷ̧֣ڿлһߡ߷ɵ컨ϣǵĹâһ
Ļҳ˲ڣǽźͼǧǰӶùһ¡ϣ˿ϵεľ£ʧˡ
ǡŮ۾΢΢
䷿̫ˣ֮ǰһ¡˵
Ŷˡ״ɨһϵ˿ڣҵѾɾˡϿԼһ°ɡ
ϣ˿ˣΪʲôͲܶһء
εͷųâ˿ϡ˿ڱԵƤչԺˡ
ͷ
Ȼˣͷ̵ġ
ֵϷ첲ϷȻһ£¶һ˿Ϊѡ
ôˣϣʡ
뿪ǲ֪ץĶ
ϣ
㣬ֱץס㡣˵ѡסڡ
ϣ
ΧһâһΣԼѾ뿪ǼĹңվһķ
ĶźɫļҾߣ߸ߵ񷶥ԼԶһſĺɫĴ
򴽣ǰĴȥǲ֪Ϊʲôؾķ䡣Ǳʶ
ôĴϣ̾߹ȥ˯ĸ˶
΢΢ü˫˴ֻ˯˫ˡ
ҵȻ֪ϣЦһ£Ҿһⴲĺܴ󡣡
ŴǶʹ͸ڰģ˵ΪһкôԻø
ϣЩЩɫϵļһ
Ҳ߹ȥŮ˼עŴ¶һ˿ɫϸ
ƺڽ𷢵ӳ£ƤӰ𪣬Ҳޱͣ촽Ƿ˵ɫ
ҪǺڷͺˣͿԺ޹ǵر
ˣҴ뿪Ӳĳ˵ȥǰĴ
ϣתͷЩЦؿȲߣȻңΪʲôҪҴĹأΪôصˣ³ӦԶ˯
ΪϲŮӳú񡣡װ׵˵ҲܸʲôΪҲϣġ
ϣȻһЦԭ䵭ԭֻҪͶϲǡɰ
Ҫץʱˡҿ׼뿪ˡСrѡ
Ҵķ𣿡ͷ¶Ц⡣
΢΢һһ䵭˵ⲻҵķ䣬ǡ
ҵȻ֪˭ķ䡣ϣشĻż⣬ֱ۹סĲӰѹ͡
ۣŮƤ¹һ⣬ÿһ綼մȾĵط
һ½ëĳĳ嶯Ӳ˵˭ķ䣬ڶӦ÷ſҡΪǱ˵ġ
ҵġϣЦ˵ذѹȥ
һԵӿҲ޷ƣסͷݺݵȥ
ľУ֪˭˭صصںɫĴϡ
ſϣһֻʶóס۾ŻػĴϢ룬ʵͦ˵ѶԷϴ̾ʹϴ
Ǳ֮ᱲģȻܲס츳ѽ


52 
, ϲһֺøֵǽסˡ߽һ׳ɼ׳ˮƽΪҪȥˡ֪, 񲻰ƣټϺû, ̷֡
ϣе׺úõģСrһ߶߶˲û˸оϣ, ԣý, ĸд
, ̧롣оĺڣ۵ĺ˿
ϣָղŲǻͦԵϲ𣿡
, Ҳ, ô֫Ŀ䣬Ũѻʹؿ
, ҪˡѾˡϣļ, ӲļƲ
㻹𣿡ʶ׷һ䡣
ϣЦһ, ڤ𣿡
ǡоԼ˵˻ڷ̰ϡ
ϣһ, ҴӺ, һȥԢġ
ٿ, ֹŹšƵ׵Ϊ޷Ӧ
ϣƲ뷨, Ц˵, 㻹һֱڰΪʲô
۾˵ΪԺˡ
㲻𣿡ϣʣΪƭ㣬ʵϴ½ˡ
ѾˡһЦ⡣
ϣ΢΢е⣬û뵽Ĵͽˡ
벻֪Ϊʲôɫ
򴽣֪ҲУ֪Ҳν
ϣеȻԹ룬ʵСrˮƽֻܸ任շɫɫ
Сr
֮ǰ˵Խ˵£ġΪҪߴߴԼһӶš
غϴ½ƣȥ֮ǰƷı˷ɫɫû뵽չȥͱħɽΪ˶Ҿɽܡ£֪ˡ
˶٣ɫȾһӣ͵Ԣ󣬱ҲΪͦģһҪϰٽ𡣡
ֺ㣬Ծͷȥ㡣ϴ½˱гɼֻһֱάֱ˵ģ
ô֪Ҳ£ʡ
ϣһİͶػش𣬡ҴѧԺء㲻ܳĬſѧԺһҲûΡ
ĵһ죬ҷһֵ¡ʧȥһʱļ䡣ȫǵʲôڴϵˮȴ¼
΢΢һƵЦһ£ԭʦģԻң
ϣգգë֪ϴ½Ժ󣬾Ҳˡ
Ҳᡣ۾˵˶ʣҹۣʦһ𡭡
ţҵԶס˹ھӡ
ھӣ
԰סңһλ̡̻˹˾סֻ֮һºܰդʱһҾʶһλźֱء
ţֱ˲Ķ¡˹£ֱմߣ仰Ǵӱ˵ģ̻ὨԷ۾ϣ˵ֻΪ˹úܻƭˡ
Զ㡣˰ֻô仰
ϣ΢΢һЦǵڶλȰ˹Զˡ
ڰˣסˡǻšΪ˵ҶҲû뵽Ȼ
ͷְüЩԥ
ôˣϣʡⷬѾǳˡ
㲻Ϊʲô𣿡ʡ
Ҳµһ㡣ϣ̵˵֪ڰ顣Ҫǣڲټʹ
صĵһ죬ֵضһۡˡ뵽μʱҲز־Сп˿ڣͷʹѡҾ֪ˡ
㡭𣿡
ᰡΪʲôҪôʣҴӼһ۾ͺϲء
ΪҵȨսᡣ
ǲǺܿ𣿡ϣЦ˵
һݣ΢΢һ
Ҫˡϣüſڵķ򣬡ҸоҶҪ뿪ˡ
𼱣æ˵ϲϣҲȥ
һءϣ˵Ҳ֪Ϸ¡
ţ֪ͷ
һϴ½ˣںڰķ䶺ôʱ䣬ɲʲôֵҫ顣
뵽˹Ȼ΢΢ۣðཱུݡϣӦò֪Էǹ񡣱ϾȷȷʵʵǸࡣ
һҪعλ֮ǰ֪ҹۣͲҪ˼ӣһФ˵Ůѡ
˹С˵
ˡһǻɤһݵӰڽֳ
ϣǸ˵٣ֻܿ£ĳһԡ߼ʹˡ
Щʦ𣿡
ˡ
ͣ
û⣬ˡ˹д˸ָһ΢ָɢȥܿں˿СͬʱѧԺͻȻͣ
˹ƹڤĿռĳһƬʱͣϣ͵
̧֣һտҲĿƿһĶ
ϣԺؿɫպͺɫءſڴϵʦǣͬһ
ȥɣ˵õģһıǵһּ䡣ûܷʱϳ
ǺðɣϣЦһ£һں
Ҳô𴽽ǣһȥ˹ġ
ϣ͵һ£ȥҪ¶ǰױˡ
ǲҪɡ ɰͰ͵ؾܾ
㵣һᱻ𣿡ЦҾûǸ¡
ҵȻ㣬¶һ΢ЦһǾòҪҲ㿴ұӡ
һҡβģɰ׵ƤƬ¶ţԿ֫һĳûзҲƮ
ĺ΢һ£̧൲ǡ
ϣǲǺ𣬴Ҷֻء
áԹԵصͷֻҪȥ˹ϹǶû⡣
Ůһθת߽Ķ
ʼնıӰֱںסͫǹŰ
İ˹Ŀɿڴûλߴڵϣ˶仯ı顣ᡢʡᣬÿһ𾪡
˵ǵôҶ˵ڸһŮԼѽôôͻϴ½ĽС椣
Ҫȥ˹𣿡ɹļϣҪ֪˹˹ʵͻᱻѹһ롣k֡
΢΢üûں¡ֻǾ˹ôôϤͺһ
ȣ
ϴҹۣһֱվϣߵͽ˹ɣźǷᡣ˵ԼǸĸȡģȫҶ
Զ׵ĻûҪġǱػϴ½Ϊ˸մϵͨ顣
Ҳͬͬհɣôһأ
ûϵkᷢҵġҲȥĹ˵
ֵø˵ǣıûıԷˡ
ĮĴ΢˻ȣҴΪ˺ҡֻǵʲô¡ڿ֮ǰջǶࡣҵҲˡ
мͦҾȣ˵û뵽ϣȻһʱھӡ
ⲻ֡˵˹Ϊ˱ʵ˼ûΪࡣ̻һһʱҵŻסڹ̵ļֻ˵̫ãȡ
ϲŮ𣿡ʡ
Ҿһҹɫ΢˹ϣ񣬾ԲǡֱǿĿ⣬һģһ
ǿɶ
͸񣬸оԼ쬵ġ
ó壬е⡣һ㣬ֻΧƸղŵչʺƨ˿϶ܰ


53 
ϣ, ͸һƬͨڤʦ˸߲ҵ;˿ǵͣ;˳
΢ЦŴ˵üЦⲻ۵ס
մssr֪ļ䱻ıһСΡssrɾǶμŸһ¡
ô˵, ӹһ٣ΪԶ˯
ǰ, ӹһ١ssrҲԵúǵ͹ںڰеĵλ
Ūɫ, ôģһҼ, һͷڷҺͰմ˴Žȥ, ҿһۣ±ϳȻϴ½˵Ȼڰˣ
ssr˵֤ڰѾ˫ݡ˵ʵҲܺô쵽ģ
, ھѾûˡҽںڰ߶ŪݡΪǸʱܻ군ܿ͵˹ˣǵĵ̡
͵͵ĵص, ʧˡ
ÿ˶ԵرۡԺ˵Ϊڤ´ҵƽҪ졣
˵, Ц˵, ȥԺȱɿͺˡ
ʦǴͻȥѧԺĵذʳֱͽ
ϣһ, 궫, ϴ˯
˯, оߵλƺݽȥһ¡Ժ, ̫, ջǳ˯ȥ
ڶʱ, շһ, ͸о屻ʲôˡ
æ鿴, ָղѹһֻƽǻƽ, ۾ǺʯŴıʯ
ģִ˴
ǺڰµġСr˵˯ˣˡ
ʲôϣЩȡ
ûʲôͿŴͷ㡣
ϣ
ǸʲôأѻƽȥؿšͻȻһڤȥĶֻ˵ҹݺ
µҪȥҹݺǸɢˡԵͰҹݺ˹
ҹݺٵ۵ףšܻã
ԭĻƽ仰ͻȻʼëת顣Ƴϣһۣúܱ˵ʮ㡣
ϣ
İɣΪҸղѹһ𣿡
ҾòǹģСr˵ȷʵѾûˡ
ϣ΢΢ۣ󣬡ԣˡ
Щƣһˣô찡˹׬ֻ˹ˡ
˵ܼСr˵ӦûںҲûôҵšϢǵļѣ޺
ϣǿס۵ĳ嶯Ǹֻֻͣصһ칶һˡ
޸ļ¹Ŷ
ʲô¡
ϣаСʱϡҪûʱԶˡĻ⴫׵
ˡϣæжϸСrĶԻӱ´ϴʰ
СʱʦüϡǰβͬǣεĴ󣬵ɫĲơζĺ档
ļ뱱෴ȻĩȻȡߵþͰѴ£¶·
ԺҶŻװ̲סҡҡͷϣⲻΨһļҵ
ǵﺣ󣬻ֱӱȥ˹ЩƯ·ˮͲܴˡڻʱ䡣Ҫˣȥ¥ݼ任·
䣬Ⱥըˡ
ֱȥ˹ûɣΪҪȥѧԺ
˹Ǻ𣿵kһʼͽ룿ģڰϡû˵ٵ˼Ƕ֪޷ڤôʱ䡣
ⲻ֡Ҫ֪һʼû׼˹ǱؿڤǱ߲ŷųϢ˵Ҳ֪ģҲʱİ㿪һ죬ҾͿ졣
ˬˬˣ˹
ϣͷһԼȹӣɫȹӣȹںܿͬɫĻߡȹ۸߰ŵװҲࡣûбҪȥ
ȹӵȹʮϺء񱻺ˮҲϴʵڿϧ
ϣתͷһʶıŮڸ˵Цһ£û˵
ȣΪ˭һֻһõóֵȹķѾȥ¥ݼ任·ˡ㲻ȥҪ֪Ψһļҵˡ
ϣɨһۼ̱Դ֮ҲʶıŮĿջأͷһŮӡ
ȣķǲǹԢӻϰĶŮǵ˵Ӷѡ˴šһٳޡ
ȣôȹӣȥһϳȸߵıܹһؾźȵĸ첲
Ա̴ŶЦȣķĶѽ
ϣ˳ŴҵĿ⿴ȥʵķĻáȻܿʵزôǸɸɾġ
ɫͨ˦ķ֣ۣҧס촽
Ĳ㣬ķ˵Ϊ֪Ǽҵ״
ˣҿˡԺеߴߴ
ôף;˳Це˵Ǿ仰ȻǵͬǴҶһġ
ԸǵνеõҲԸǿԴλУ򵽸Ķ껹ǻֻۣ顣
صԺͦõģСϣҧ䣬Ҷжˡ
һͻȻǹǵ˵һһƺ˵Ĺâӿסߡ
ϣ˲ͱˬɫâΧһ˿˿ĿǻĲӿ
âʧվھ޴Ľʯ̲ߣλɫ۵ˣЦеؿǡ
ӭǺѧԺԺȴŮЦ˵ǸԺ˹дҵĸҲ˹һڡ
ʦûף۰ͰͿźԺ֪ôº
˭ӣԺЦʣΪѾ޷˵ˡȰ鷢ȥ
Ǹʲôһλʦʡ
ʱûΪĶԺóһָ׹ŵһź˵
ҪӡǧҪ뿪ǵ塣Ȼͻ̱ΡôӰַҡʾǾ֪ôˡ
ԺѱִϣȥڱˮûһĽʯϣȷŽȥմϺˮһɲǣһ޴ɫβѸȡ˫ȡ
Ҳ˼ı仯ֱֻʮָּͷ֮䳤롣ĲҲֻ£Һؿ¶ƤϣϸСƬ
ԺŤֿ۾ϸһ͸ıĤ
˵ĵһӦǣһֻ㡣˵ͻͻβˣӡ˵¶Ƭô𣿼ֱҪ嶼ˡ
Ժ̧צӣ°ȹ˺ͬʱˡ˻ô
Ժǰͻͻʯһıſ棬Ǻӿϵ㲻ôİЩǶ۵ģ׵ģġ
Ժƺ֪ʲôЦ˵ƬĶ٣ȡĺëëص˾һ᲼Ƭ
ڵصıǣǸƷǵ˺׿Լϲıǿ»ôҿ飬ǽ󺣻һء
ܶԺ⸱Ͳ̫⣬˶һҴƫĸоԼһôҡ׷״ϱִﺣˮĽʯȥ
һʮƺ鲢ûƫ˭˱¶Ƭÿ˶ɫβͣƵڽʯϡ
ϣִҲڽʯ¡ִģ˹˵ģҪȫ˹Ưβ͡
ƭ˵İɣⲻǴ
üˮСˮӿһɲǣһɫĹâʱϯ
񱻽ˮһ𣬻ûһ޴ķɫβٲ㣬ˮĽ޴һβͣҫ£ƻýɫĹ
ǰıҲǷɫģ׺ͱʯ½أⶼһ˾̾Ʒ
ŮβͣõĽںƮ衣ֱҲǰģֻ֫β͵Ĳ֣ܿһЩ۷۵Ƭ
˶Ŀķ򣬡ʲô
βͺأⲻƽ
ʦǵͬʱӿһ仰ⲻǺŮ


54 
ϣںɫĽʯϡ
·, Ĵɫ˻޴ķɫβĴӿĺˮˮһĽ
ۼʦֻ޴βϣһӨ, ɢ߲ʵĹ
ŮƤѩ, СۺȻҲƬѿɫǸβɫӽӣۡϸϸСƬûġ
۾Ҳѿ͸Ĥ, ǽӽɫĹΡָ׶Ĵĥ, Ϳɫָ͡
ҫ, Ź⡣
ɡ
ʮӼʵۿۡǻ˵βͣϣװֱǸ߶
ԺΪʲôβͣ
ǰԺ, ǲôˣֻöһţ
ԺҲһͷˮ, ϣۣܰ, ̸һִ, 㷢ղǶԼõġ
룬ӵðɡ, ѿβҲӰ컮ˮġ
Ŷ, ǼʡǼ
, 費ҪҸͷСrЦ, Ҳβɫ
ܸҸ㵽ʯ۾, ͸ұ䡣ֻտɲ߼ϣƳһۡ
ϴθ˹˵Ҫÿβ, ֻ˵˵û뵽ĸŪһ
ɫе, ȴƯβ˹ɫβҪƯ˹Ưβ
, ǡԺΪҵ, Ĵơ
ˣǡСr˵
¹ҵɰɣ̫´һǵƤ͸ܲˡڸ󺣣ϵɣϹ㳵
ԺԾ󺣣ڿлһɫĹߡ
Ȼ̫ģҲıɡһһظ󺣡
ϣҲԾ󺣡
ԭ̫ŲϵСrţֻҪˮ͸Ͽ촫͡һںˮؾʵĿ
峺ˮ˳ôȻڰϺһһ㶼ûиоʡ
ˮҲƤ۾ĸ׵ֲϸ
󺣾ѽ
Ҳô롣
һֳɡޱӯֻ벻ϵΣε
ˮٶȼӿ죬ߵľɫҲڲϱ仯
׸½һҲɽͺƽԭɫĺݽذ棬ľͼףߵмʮסŮ׵ͷһƮƮط衣·һƬҡҷɫɭ֡
һȺɫСϲβͣһֱζ
ŲϵΣˮɫԽԽҲԽԽ
ղŻɼɺѾˡͷżкɫӰιǾ޴ľࡣ
Ժһת˸䣬ͣ˸ͣ
ǿ޴ĺʯ˲֧ˡһľƹм䣬ҡţ񱻷紵
ϣ̧ۣϸľŤŤ֡
ǰ˹
룬ҶԵطˡԺЦ˵һ
ʲôʦһã
ȹ㳵ȻҲԳ

ȻСԺЦŴ򿪱ǮȡһöҺöҡ½еĶһҲȱ̬𣬵ǹܶһ
˹Ƿ½һиֵ̣ǳտԹ䡣ǮǵصľͿԡ
ûǮһŮ̯֣ǵں̲ϡ
ŶѾˡԺЦ˵һûˮĺҶȵ˹˴ȥġʱǿȡǮңõС
ΪʲôǸһ͵˹أһʡ
Ϊϰһ¡˹ǳУǱ١κ㶼ε̫졣ʹηǲܵˡ
ƬӰӦˡԺಡһεǰŲ
ϣԺĿȥƬɫӰڿٳ߳ԽԽ۾Ҳߴʦһµľ̾
ֻ׸ߵĺͭƵͣһֻɫ㣬קƤʵ滹ͬ
Ժ׼õǮһ㡣˵㣬ıǰԺ̴򿪳ţʾȥ
ôСۿֻˡ֪Ըıռ䣬һֻһֻ˽ȥϣ棬оǿ͵ͷװֳ
ҲȥšžعϣˮһƥĽϣо屻͵ػһ£ľѸٻΪӰ
һʱʮֳơųδõ̦ѹ߼ȫڵ谵Ĺ£ɳͷƵʦǣޱվڳС
ûλֻͷˡְסˣźˮ΢΢ҡΣһ
ϸ룬ϴ½Сϣ˵
ŶҸϲǱءӵĳ̴
ʵǺ½رʦС⡣
Ȼ˶˺֮Уûá
ǲ˽˹谵ĳдԺЦǲĳС
Ļ£һҵǿӲ͸˽Ժ̧֣һϵ̦ʧҰ˲
͸ĳ⣬һ޴׳ʯͷţ뺣סŵԣŶƺͳìľÿʮ׸ߡ
Ⱥ㡢㣬㣬ĺڹⲻͣ
һŤһŤسǰȥʦǼ˳ϡųνţѤõľɫײ۵ס
޴ĽɫĽһһÿһĽֵ£Ŵ۸ӵĵ³ȡԶĵطԿ
Բεķ˸ɫǡźˮǿϺϣһС洦ɼĸߴɺˮĸΧš
޴ľȺӷιһ׳Ĺд£ǳɫĹâÿһ϶
жڷ⡣
˹ʦԺĻ
㳵Ժĵַһ޴ĵͣ¡޴ʮʿҿʮ¾ˡ
ԺŵᾹȻӿ𾪵ɫ
һǡ뺣񹬵ĵط˵ڰкڰ͢й̻ᡣ˹߼
ĥôȥ˵ʱγһֻ㡣㲻ֻͬ㳤Գ
Ǻʹʦ̼
Բ𣬺ʲôʦһɫûʹһֱǸѧҲ²⺣񲻿ʹôںأ
Ǽ𣿡ʦЦǵǸ࣬˺ʹǵʹȿշɣֿںŶųƺ½ʹ
ءϴ½ʦô½ܡ
ʦߴߴʱ򣬺ԺѾʹ꣬кҽ
ܶࡣҲ֪԰ڵطʲôȻʮһ˷һ
ϣ·㣬ƺھʲôָһº̾ʹ˳ȥ
ϣνԺӣǴܴĻ԰ֲŻɫľ
ڻ԰룬һԲεĻ̳˷źĻ䡣мһ׵ĵһ˹
΢΢һԺӿһλ
һӵʯý׵ʯͷɣΧ೤̫Ļ䡣տΪ˼ĺˣλ½ϵӡ
ⲻǺŮƬ
һֻǿֱۻסһ塣һŤͷͫӳ˹ס
ͷٹɵſͷϡźˮɫͷƮ
˹۾ӵĴ⣬һٵˮָòϸϸƬɫľ޴β
֪ΪʲôϣоĸƺҲһЩ½أҲӵĸչ
Ϥ𣿡˹Ц˵ŪףȥҾҵƪ¡
ԼŪӣϣŤ̳ĵ
ΪΪŮǿһ¡
ǺŮ˭ϣЦʡ
˹΢һ£԰ְ֣
Цһ£ȥաڼҪʱͣסָ̫ˣ»
а˸СʱСr̲סѡ
֪ˣⲻһֱ취𣿺ˮܶ鶼ϣҲܷ
ЦʣҺÿ˹
ÿ˹ṴŴǣѤõβ˺ü죬ȷɫ
ֻλõķɫϵС㡣Ȼ֪ϣ뵥ԶúܣԴ˾
ϣӺľáС㣬ϣšôһƹĺѸ߸ϵϴһֻ㡣
ɺ޵ǣһֻƵĶ༯ֻ
˹ϸϸشŮû˴ȹӵڣȫ¶ԿƬѩ׵ļӯӯһյ֫
ɫñ֮ǰһЩְ˹Ȧڻϸܵһһֱĸоβ
ʲôأ˹ϣЦʣʲôˡƣ㱧ңҶ޸оִȫˮ
ĺѽ΢΢ɫĳƮ裬ѩ׵ֱ񺣲һס
˹ЦΪʲôᱻϵסһֻ㣬һÿ궼ܳΪ˹ʮ֡
ϣ
ʱҲͦġа취ƻոӪõաԺȫ컨ʮռݡ
˹ͷ¶˼ɫҲʲôˡһط㡣е䡣
ʲô
ɡ˹ǣס֣Ц˵һֱ㣬ںӾ
ϣСĵü֣ʮָաಡһ£ͱ
Χľ¿ٵر仯һɫߡ
ǵͷƮţ޴βҡڣӯطɿζ
˹ĻҪȺĴССɫ㣬һֵ׷ԡڵݣϴȥ
˹ľ𾪵̧ͷǵȻ֪ܴ⸱Ⱥ׷ģһλߴڡ
ǣĨۺɫӰ˭أ
µæˮһĻӼ˹ܿϡĿͽС˹ҹȺԭǺЯͬΡ
һˮϣ¶ˮ档΢ĺ˻˹ؽ
Զɽͺںؿ塣췱£ĺֻˡ
˵еɡ˹ϵʪͷ𵽶󣬽Űˮﰴ˰ֻ¶ӺͷôǸо䣬Ǿͻȥ
ϣϰ¶ˮ棬ɫͷشмưס۾ɫ
ΨһɼֱͦıĴˮĲǣʢ¹⡣еɫ
𴽽ǣֱ۹סĲӡü۲ɤ͸Ź䣬Աѽ
˹§סЦͻȻô飬Ҷˡ
ҪҪأϣЦʡ
ҵȻ롣˹üָĦ°͡£ļͱˡ
Щź˵ƣĲʺܵ¡ȫ¶ΪԶͷС̡ǻҪ𣿡
Ůں÷ôĿҵעҪ
˹ЦаɣҴӲܾ㡣һŪˣɱԹ
΢ؿĴѵˮ˱̺Ĵ꣬Сĵش
ˣϣǲСıĵ̻ơѪѪζ˹Ŀǻᴭ˳Ц˵Ҫôף
֣Ҳ㰡Ϊʲôֻҵˣ
Ǽ㡣˹ЦָѪ͵Լߣص
ѪԹһξ񫡣
̬˹
Ҳôһô죿
𣿡
˹˼ڶϣӿһŹ⣬ſ죬Ұһ¡
ϣܾ̾ҴӲ
˹س£û㻹һαͷľ
β𣿡ϣЦ˵ˣֽʱҲǳѪ
˹ϵıôأ㲻ƣҪ𣿡
Լѽ˹ңҾͺˡϣԽģˮƵĲջŶԷ
ĿһеСr̾ʱԽӽԽܱ˵Ĵʼջ㱼ˡ
ŮȵϢľߡñƤ˲䱻ѡ˹§ʹѻ𣬻ؽβ˫ȡ
Ůı仯Ťβ͡һֻջɹС㡣
Ҷҿʲôû˹üĦʵ档
֪ˡϣ̲סЦ
ʲôСrͼˡ
˹βСͷ°ͣȥ
ϢѪ֯һȻֻ㣬ͷϵĵȴҲӲۡ
ȲסβԷ³һ˲䣬˹оԼ࣬ܿҪ뺣ס
Σλý֯˵ǣһ¾ʧңֻ֮ڱĺˮСıȥҲν
Ǳջ࣬һʱ뷨ɡ
ֺøֵһssrҡСrм
ϣ̫ˣֿԹ졣


55 
, ʹһݶˣڵġ˹ܱ
УΪһԴԼǳš, ڸǵ쳣ʵֻҪܹܺ׾޴ѹǿ, ˭ס˹
˵˹ŵĳУһ㶼š˹ѺһЩСϢдֽ, ᶩġ˹ܱ, Դ˽⺣¶
ӹɨһۡƽһ, Щĵı
衢衢ţֵܾսϿȡ˹߰ٶʮɺڿĻʮСаȥ塿
Ȣʮɷĸǰ.Ϳ˼»հίԱνֿ飬ǵѡΪʲô˰ǱСӣ
һЩĵĹ棬ѰһֻצİߵСʧ, ṩл裬ֵֺóԡʺƺ, Ϊĳľзһ¼ҡ
ذѱֽһԡʹæʰ׼ȥ
һ, һɫͼƬӱֽ¶˳
ȵȡס, ٸҿ
Ȼ⣬ذѱֽ
޷ɫͼƬһ档ĿɨͼƬ·ɫı⡣
˹ҹȺ, ԭǺЯͬΡ
ԼԼ.˹, ʮһʮ, СݽֵϿվȺвǳϡеʯβõ㡣֪, ܹ۵, ֻλߴڡ
ټһκٵسȥ, ΪڰڤĹ궼˹
Ȼǡۼ, ں߻һرӰȻˮٶȺܿ, ֱܷһɫ㡣
ôһλ˵СأԼ.˹Ϊһһжϡ
С÷ɯпܡΪǷɫġһ߳һ߷Ȥô
΢ü, һ顣ûпϣ֣˿
ĿٴƵͼƬϣһһۺӰԵøۡ뵽Ǹ档һȥΧ׳Ⱥݡ
ָڷɫӰ˵㡣ĿɨһԵĺɫʼǱùֵҳ
Ѿ𣿡
ּûеõ𸴡
Ĭһ
Ҫȥ˹
𣿡ճԾŴͣʵᱻѹһ롣֡
ܵعһ´Ҳµ˾֪ġ
ҵȻ֪ᣬճϻ̳Ͽֵ˵Ǻĺ⡭
ģܲ˹ĺࡣ
⵹ǡ

ϣھ޴ĿձУȥ˯ָо̫ˣ۱ȫˮʮֵ˯ˣͻȻξˡ
ĴûʱʱνӾò
һк֮Ķνǿɲ̫
ղſڵ˵ߣͿԼӲˡ
ֻԼӲˣϣ˵
˼ʮӺȻھ׵˯ˡ
˯ֵݸһƬ
ӡ˹ںӵǵӡ
顣ڷ˵
ûѽһã
ǽˡƣǻ֤顣ݸһǩֵֽдǵֺµĲƲ
ȫ󡣻ͭʯɡڤڤӡԼĽҺˣʹ
ðɣˡȷʵ顣۾˵Ҳ롣ĲƲһ롣
㱳ңһӶС˵ú˹ɣ˹Ǹֻÿ㡣
˹ûǮ𣿡һ𾪡
ֻ㡣
ϣϣ
ߴ
۾п˹һеؿ
û°ɣںҡ
۾˹ô
ˣ㡣˹˵
ңظһ飬Ϳ֮䣬ʲôȻϵ𣿡
ûУ˹ЦҪȥһճ˳·㡣һžҵ֣ǲǺûǮ
ϣ
ô𣿡
˹ᡰšһ
ŶҲǵˡϣüͷ
֪ģλ˭ܼǵء
˹ͷƺᡣ컹лɡ㣬˳ȥط
βһڣ˾εſڡ
ȥ
˹ɤ͸ģȥҵǮ
ϣ
˹뿪εʦϡ
ԺǴʦоԺһصķ䣬ûˮ֡ϰڷʳԱ߻һϴҡ
Ժÿ˷˼޲ӣôϡǳԷĵطв͸ϡȥִٰժξͿˡ
ûˮ֧ţÿ˽ȥǱˤڵϡ
ϣҲ⡣ʵʵءžһ£۵ȫˡ
װڰʲôоҲе˹Ӻױϰζȷʵͦˬġ
ΪʲôԸԭ򡣡ԺЦ˵ʳˣĶ޷
뿪ˮҵĶóٻࡣȻ̧֣ʮַصúܡ
ʳֻһСԲһե֭ܲ
ԺͣԵö࣬ȥϴҵĴҲࡣʳ٣ʵܳ㡣㹻άһ첻о
ؼҡҧԹ
ϣ̧ۿءڤͱʮְɴӣҲûһ䱧Թʼմ׺͵΢Ц
˵֪ںʲôλӦò͡ӹʹλߴӲԼ
˹ʲôĹӦһ˹
һΣѧϰںͷиǾ⣬屻ˮסɺϡ
ϣѧú档ΪԼĻᱻɺϡΪ˯ʱνߡҪֵֻ֪һҫʹ߹ƻЦ衣
¿κԺû뿪ǰѸղŷóôϡ
ȥѨǵӾͷɻʱ䡣ΪҲӦȡǮ
û˲ͬ
ܿ죬ʦǾӳˡ
ԺһϳĻһֻ㡣·ˡ
ϣ֣󲿷ʵಢǵٸӽ㡣۾ֵúܿ쵽̫Ѩˡ
ƤҲʮֲִڣɫƤ󲿷ֶϸܵۡβҲӵ֡
˹˵ƯҲУһǧһͲˡ󲿷ֶ˲ɱ֡
ʱЦʣԵĺ࣬ҲԲò˶úûˣ
ЦŻش𣬡㲻Լҵ֡ǲԺˡʱᳪŸΪˮǼͺ͵
һͣ¡
򵼡ಡγк³ʣµ·ҪιȥǱߵĶںСȥ

ϣҲŴһ𳯺Ѩȥ
νĶѨʵһСɽϵķ϶ھĺˮڷ϶ת
ܸ򵼽˵ȥִȡ¾Ϳˡǡ
ʦǲԷçײѡһѨժִٰŪȥȻˤˣ߹ļʼӴˡ
ŮȥǿŲͣ߹¶İ׻룬ԳԵЦ
ԺųҫĹâ˶Ѩﲢ󡣼ʮذڵϡһһӿȥѰҸԵȥˡ
ϣûʲôҪõġһСǮ챾
ëѹõıͳԸ򿪱Ȼһ仰ǷѾﺣ
æͳëʺīˮƿдһ󴮽͵Ļʲôɽ±ᱻˮʪ
ɽڣԺʼߴٴ뿪
ΪĻظˡû뵽հѱʺīˮƿŻغһµַֽ档
챾ˮһë޷ںˮд֡˹һֿˮдֵıʡ
ףֶ
Χ˿ʼ½½뿪ѨˡԺʼˡϣһСҺ챾һСִҴҸŴҳ˶Ѩ
ص˹ǷһɺĽֵ뿪ˡ˹ҵ֡
ϣܾ˸һȥֵꡣתһľߵȥϽѺרõëʸ㶨
ľߵȻпںʹõıʺīˮеÿҪҡ
⡣ëʵıʼīˮƿƿڶһϡԱ֤ˮȥīˮҲƵģһַˮ֭Ȼġ
߳ľߵϣó챾һ£д˾䡾Ķ
īˮȻûˮУǺúõֽҳϡ
һϲذѱʺīˮƿյִ׼챾ҲװȥʱղдǶּͻȻʧˡȡ֮µּ档
ۣ͵תͫӳЦۡ
ڷ괩źɫۣˮؾӵĽǶһ㼫ϸ档
΢΢ŴǿǰС㡣
ɫβͣһѴ򿪵ӡְ֫ϸϸı裬ݺݵһѡи첲㱳
ϲõǵɫӰӿԺ˲ȥ
ôˣϣ˳ĿɨһԼ塣ͻȻĲøеѽ⡣
ǲҴ̫¶ˣЦʡ
װе̫ǰˡһų䳤Ӿʱ򡣴ֻǰһԱǡʲôûУ㱼
ŤһȻûβ͸еʮֺ档
סĸ첲̴ʧ
ϣӣֹչһֵһƧĽֵͣ
һƬӴͬС졣ǽɫʯݶһɫСǡ
ָᴥԿ׿ף̿ˡϣһѣϣ˳˽ȥ
ŹϺϣתϹҳЦ⣬˰𣿡
ſĿشˣ
ϣһͻЩЦⲻ䣬ôܣô׼𣿡
ŵ㣬СrŵˣһѻҪһٸԲһ֪ԶʵǺôͣ
Ľ˵
Ǻͬһűֽݸ˵ڶࡣ̫ܻŹ㡣
ϣӹɨһۣϣȺΧŵϸĹ⣬һһۺ졣
˵ʵ˭Ҫ˵ܴ￴һѱֽǸϡ
һĵء
ʱеҡ
ţſֱۣԱӯתһȦƣǷɫģɲǷɫġ
է֮£ϣβǴƬķɫϸȥɫĽ䡣
ϣɫɶιȥЦӯӯؿˣۿĲŶ
һˣһһ˿Ҳųˡ
ס֫ͷȥ
ϣһǣǲԵġһֻ㡣
Цһ£׵Ĳ㣬ϲŮ
ɤͳŴԣˮ½ϻҪԸСÿһ˿ޱȵһ
ͷһ£ˮҲûװ
ǾͲҪˮ
Ļ£ˮʧһա
ϣһûˮ֧ţȥ
ȷڵذϡ
ӿ͵ؽӴôʵĿķβһ¾ܲˣü٣Ҳڷƶ
ûˮСͷʪĺˡϡ첲ϡؿڣմŽӲӵĳ
۾ôģ΢΢°ͣӾϸ׵ľβҲڲŤŤˡ
Ҫˡûˮɰϵˡ
Цһ£ǡ
ԣĿƤÿһ綼ŹӰĲٵǣؿֻһ԰ɫıǣо˺û
ϸһֺֻɵؿȥ𴽽Ǽ¿
ϣʱɫͨ죬֪ܶԺڰɵϵԼڵҪ϶ʹˡ
ά嵭ɫӿȵۣëµҲֽɵΣոмֱҪͻƶ塣
зƯĳĳ嶯Ħβ͡
ϸƬָֻرáŮ֫βԵøӵϸɫ۴ȥɫԽԽյ޴β
ţҲƵḧȻŮˡǾѹֲӿС
˺ĵߡ
ϣо嶼Ҫˡ뻮ĴΪˮʧøСһɹֵĸоβʹܵ˼ǡ
̲סҪȥץס֣ͣʱ򡣸ĴͻȻʧˡ۾
סԼһЦ⣬ɡ
ʲô˼
ƺɻɤЦҲᣬϵ˼û취ʱܲĶʲô¡Ȼ˵סҸϣڵõ󡣡
׷Ի𣿶ǽһϣȼˡ
ƺλ԰¶Խ͸סȻѧԼԼֱ׳˵Ҿˡ
ͬʪĺڷꡣ΢Ķ̷һƳʪش۽ϣܿŵԵøԸС
ʵղʲôҲԷɡ
ڰʵ̫ÿˡ


56 
ûˮ
ˮ, ͸ӳڵذϣԵʮֺÿ
ϣϣβʱʱ, £ѵذĳ
˹, ±𣿡
Ц⿴žžβ͡ʻĿ˻, һ£Ǻץ, ܻеΣա
ϣɤһ, 㻹߰ɣھߡ
Ҫȥٱ𣿡ŴЦ, ֻҪ㲻˵, Ҿû¡
ⲻ˵˵, Ұҧ˹ҵֱ̫ˡ
Ҫˡֳŵذվ
ûֹ, ûˮƾһβ֧, Ҳվ
ˮ
Цһ, תһ˿, Ҽǵõһμʱ, Ҫˮ
ϣ΢΢һе㲻ԡӡ, 仰Ҳ˹˵, Ϊ˴카Ļᣬͣվȡ, ԴӽţΪ̫ĺ, Ĳܳ, Ҫˮ
ǷˮתÿᳰЦȱˮ
ȥˡһҪһ
ԥһ£ʩչһɫĹźˮӵذðֱ컨Ž
ϣһҡβͣӯظоͰ͵Ƥ˲βϵƬҲչ
Ȼ뿪ˮǲеİϸ˹ϾԡʵǺñÿ
վŵС㣬һ˲Щֲʵá񱻹ƻһȫ޷ƿ
ʲôʱ
ϣͣƺÿһҪôʡ۰Ͱ͵ģһֻԵڶѨСޡ
Ȼرءһصϴ½ȥ㡣º͵˵
΢΢üתŲ̫ԸҾֻ졣
ϣԥһ£˵ʵͦġ˹Ǳ̷̫ˡûΣա
ĻֻҪ˹ʱ̫Ӧûϵ
ֻ졣
á̱òá
һŶСrձһ䡣
ףܼӷ֣
˵ڰҪܵͰСr̾ŶˡΪ´㣬ǰķûи㱨ڰβ͵ʱ򣬼֡ղӾʱһ֡Ϊסһssrҡ
ۡ
ӷּӵ̫ͻȻ˴ֲ
ôôడȻssrҡϣϲ˵
ĸssrҺĶֵˡ
ۡ
ͻȻǮˣͻȻΪŷԻأϣ̵롣
Ų֪ʲôںˮŮ
ûںˮôã᲻᲻ã
ϣع񣬸ϰ¶һֿЦݣԺ˵ں׵ʮ졣һû⡣
ôͻȻôˣ̲סǡ
ΪѽŮЦõĻ
Ϊ㣬
۾΢΢һ㣬
ӵ֮ڣ黰
ȻܹҲû䡣
ټһ֡СrĵתȦȦԣôôīƺջص˼
Ķֵջȥϣʾֱ̾δš
֪ͷһμˡǸɡСr̵뵽ϵͳ
Ŷϣɿ
ʦѾˣҪߡ
šͷȥŵİ֡
ϣͻȻعͷʣСôģ
ġкüĵطЦ˵ңҲ˹͵͵ҵΪҪ̽ϢиŴ
ԭڲһҲзӿ
ǡ
ȻǮκʵ
ˡҪغŶ˭ö챾ԡϣԱһ
Цһ£ͷ
ϣţಡ˳ȥعͷͷƮֱʪشȥȥźͰѷָˮ״̬
õĶֵϣĵ׼뿪
תͷͿתǳӵ£ӵɫβ꣬ޱƤЦЦؿ
ϣ˲궼ҪûˡʱĿ˹վλȻڽ䡣ֻҪ΢һ£ԡ
ಡس˹ȥһѱס˹ζȥʮס
ֻסоһ֪Ǻ񣬾ԻᱬǶ˹Ǿͺ˵ˡҲһ𱬷
ôŭ˹ô죿ֻһˡ
ϣ˹ȥֱܴӰ˹ײڡ˹ͫ׵ɫ˲͸ϵıҪˮϣ΢΢
ϣ׼ʱƵԺѹȥ
ƽûȿſĴľӰһ
˱ǣˮֱ̣Ǻ͸Ȥеġ
˹˲죬ֻػ֡
˹
˹
һỽŴЭûеɶʹۣĮղŴ˭ܳû뵽ô˹ѡ

ϣ΢΢۾Ժлһ⡣ԭ˹ûп
Сrʲôʱģ
֪СrͰ͵˵ΪҲ֪жӦøá˵ӷ߳ȥʱġ
֪ģŵζǸѰζҹѽ㲻ˡ
˭˵Ҫˣϣ˵㱻ץҸڰ͹һϣҲа취Բȥ
㻹ǲҪflagˡ
˵ϣ΢΢üǿҴӰ׷߳ˡͲãҲ鷳
˵˹ɤûãٸʱ䡣
ʵȥʡִ˹ëʣ·߿˵ǿںáһ֧Щûһ֧ġ÷⡣˵ﻹʣȥͿˡ
𣿡
ûϵҪĲǵ˹𰸡һҪʲôȥΪǸʱѾͨ籨뿪ˡ
˹°ͣǹһĨЦҡ
ϣɵ̧
˹ͻȻܶࡣı뿴ǲѡǶ۾˲о١û˼ǲ㡣
ôô⣬ɾûһƬƶգҲƽûһ˿ĺ档
ʹѻ֪ԼҪһôûأû⣬
ǿɶ
̧ۣɫӵķһۡ
˲뿪
ϣоǰһΣխӾͱ˾޴ĵáĺˮҪ峺εɫˮһŰɫǵĽݡ
ݴԼһٶ㡣ߴһŷǳΣ˴ССɫʯںˮʳһȦһȦ⡣
ҵ˹˵
ϣ͸һ˿⣬ʲô
ղŵѾ
糿˵ģ˹˵ҵǮ
˹֣ȥ
ӽϿоĵطխʵǳȹεšҲƯıʯ
˹ǣϣ֣
ϣ̾ȵؿ
˹˹ҵ̫ˣֻܿ塣
÷
ֿϣо濴ֱֶĽݣͻȻһָߴʤĸо˹ƽĵط
˹˵ַϣļϣһδһȦȦһչ
ǰĹ˲ʧȡ֮ڵĺסϣоԼںڰпƶܿǰð˹һ޴ĺ׽ѩ׵Ҳϰι̵ĻƽһȺСĵؿɡ
Խ󣬼ǰơһĻϰ½ضһױ̲ŴĽɰÿ컹дɳӺ
ٴǰУбصĳڵģ˿ءȥ˹ȡܵĳൽ޷
ۣԭôǮСr̾
ˣͼ˵һϣߣѸٴӹĺ׻صĹ
һʹ£ųβվڽ¡ĳɫģϸˮΪһ塣
˹˵
ϣ˹쵽Ŀ̽ͣͼغܾǰһȨϽҺ󣬾һֱ˹
񣿡
ţܶܶǰʱǳ࣬Ҳǳҡж֮ƭ֮
ûеǰʮλˣе䣬еԸȨҲųΪΨһĺ񡣡
ϣ룬νԸȨʵ˹İɡֲ˹˵ģ͵ȷ
ôƭأ
ⲻ֣˹ЦԭֶеΪ⣬еΪ˴ͺڰĴë
Ȼܿˡ񡣴ӴԸܴӰˡ
˹ϣʱѾ̨µȺˡ
˹̧ͷһĮؿŽӲӵ㡣ʱϵϢͻȻˣϣ·ص˳Ǹҹ
䡢߸ϡǵʱ˹µӡ
ͼգգۣƴ۵ӿϵѹȥÿһμһţû˿kĳࡣⲻֵ𾪡˭Ϊأ
𾪵ǵkԱǸģӰλѾǱˣŨŨĴֻǿ㣬ʲô塣
û˼˵ΪʲôóԼվԱأ
žۣˣ껹ѡ𣿡
㡣˹˵ʲôȵ˾ɵأ
֮֮ǰµǸԤԡ
궼˵һ飬Ҷˡ
ͼԥһ£ðɣȻûоΪ֮ĻӦһġkʱ˵ʮ˺Чˡ
ҵkΪһΣk˵ҽˤβ͵ķաԤԣҲ׼𣿵Ȼ͸Ѫǲôġ֮Ļ
ͼأ˹Ƶش˵ȥҸΪѾ˵ͽˡ
ͼæҡ֣һ˿֣ҳϵͽԶ䡣
˹عһ´ǣÿɷӲҳϣֻ
һ£ͼһԱߵ㣬ҵСŮܽոճꡣ˵ȱһλ̡ܽȫʤְλ
ɡ˹̵ϸλԭȻ֪ʲô޷ΪһŮлԱߡ
лӦʡͼعһűת˳ȥܽһˡ
ҲȥɣʹΪ㰲š˹˵
ܹܽɵ¶׵쾱ʹƬ㱳ĺֻһϸϸǰĵɫǡǺѾ
ϣ˼ؿſ˹ϵõssrҵĿܡ
ܽһ仰û˵˳ȥ
ָֻ˾סϣо˹ϢȻһգ±Ǹ޷âЩº͵ꡣ
ƣʵҲܲɡ˹˵뷽跨㣬ȡõġ
жٸ̣ϣʡ
˹΢΢һͦġ
Ů𣿡ϣʡ
˹Цһ£Сĵüָ˴գаɡԴ˸ԤԣŮ̾Ͷ
֮ʲôԤԣеʡ
Ҳûʲô˹ĵ˵ǰһԤԡ˵綩Լһ롣ᱻĳֲɵֵԨΪ񡣡
Ϊ񣿡
ţа񡣡
аڻʲô𣿡
У˹ͷа֮ôƺΪ޷Ʊʶ¡Щ˺Լ
ǲ񾭲𣿡
ô˵ǻЩһЩаǳΪаԭǱ˻´̼ġҲġÿһаı󣬶һ޷¡
ϣ
Ϊʲô³Ϊаأ
Ҳᣬ˹ܿ϶˵ֻҪ־ᶨΪҾͲ䡣
ϣʵǸɡԺ۶ǹǡǾ͵顣
شͼصĻͿԿɣԸôһ˹ԸɽǲǾʹԳɹˣ
Ҫˣվ˵ҲѧԺļϡȻԺҵˡ
ţ˹ͷⲻѣھصֵ΢΢һ£ЦЦؿ㲻Ҫȥëʰɣ
򰡣ϣ¶һ飬һȥҲԼ򣬻ء
˹Цһ£аɣһġ
ںˮлһ¡һƬˮ˲һ޴
ΡΡػζγһȾ޴š
˹ţȹһЩĺˮʱӿŵһ߾ǷĽֵ
ȥɣһҿճʱȥ㡣
ϣͷԼִš
˹ıӰʧһ¹ʱ»ɺˮ
תϡ֮ͻȻӿһââʧʹ
ͬʱһӰɵıǷӣڿյĴ֮С
ȥ顣˹ɤ͸ű䣬Ҳ͸һûһ˿¶ȡ
˭ס


57 
ϣصҵ֡رյͬʱ, ڿС
̴ִó챾ͱʣٵдһַ
뿪Ǽ䷿ӣȥĵطҪ죡
, ĻȥǶ𣿡Сrϱѱʺͱ·Żִ
ᡣϣϵصȥҵǸڲ̫ŷӦûȥһȻֻˣ֤ûаѷӵ롣ȥôˡ
ô죿Сrһең㻹ȥһ˰ɡһڰûз챾ô죿
Ҹоһᷭϣ˵ѱ, û¾һۡΪÿءȻ, ǲäĿţǿһáǣȥĻ, ¶ΣոҪȥͺˡ
ǿüȥ
˸ҵĳһȥȥʲôأ
, , ˡСr˵, һֽ۹ĸоʵһֱΪ˺ķ̫еھΡ
ڲֹģ, Ա˵ģҪ, Ժͼ˹, ؿʲô
ǹʱ߻ᱻ˵ռ졣ǰκζʱҸȫܴŵĵط
⣬˻ʹĴ͹ܡҲǼΣ, ʱ͡ȱĴʹ, Ͳˡ
, ϣͷ, Ҳ˵Ҹߺʹʹ԰ɣ󣬹ܺǿءûиı䣿
ûУǸǰһ롣
ðɡϣת˷򣬳һƫƧȥ
תǶһ꣬ʱʱܿ㾭ϣվĺˮСrѼ˷ų
Сrͼ˵ʱͻȻ뵽һҪ⣬˵ıǲޣںˮ𣿡
ģˮġĹ˵ˡ
ϣ̾ʮֵֻ
һ΢޵ϡϣ󣬹Ȼһˮûȥ
ô˭أ
ĿɨǡһƽߡҪָտΪûصʺˡ
޷΢ġ顱죬ϣǰһλ壬һС
ϣʶһסͻȻе㲻ϰˡ
˵ĿдϣȥƺʮıǷһɫӵˣ챾򿪡Χ㣬ͲҪȥţֱӴӷӱ߹ȥͺˡ
ˣСr͵ɡ
á
СrĻ䣬˾ʧںˮС
ϣһӴӣƵ˰ױסլ
ĿɡСrҸ㶢ߵĶ͸㡣
ϣͷż˵ߡ
һŰױݡӾмһžﴫŵġˡ
߿˹ȥһǰš
Ͽһۣʮš
ϣ͵һѾ
΢΢϶һ£ͽǰƶϣִ֪ǰ˾ֱιȥ
Խһ뷿ӵʱͻȻˡ
ϣ̲ס˵ͣͣ°
ǼǰΡ߿ҪȫӹʱϣƳ˿˵Ӱ۾
һཱུã̽ǲľߵĵķˮëʺīˮǸġ
߼ǰƶֹ˼ӣĴȥˡ
Сrջɡ
΢ġžһ߻ָͫӳӺͽűߵĲޡ
ۣȻȥˡµĺ׼Сrզ࣬Ϊʲôľߵϰ忪أڰģ
Ҿ㲻ġϣüѲ޼װִͳ챾򿪡
ּˡ
һ˸طʮš𣿡
ûȥɣСrüһȥһζɱȥô죿
ȥü˱ҵģϰɵʯͺˡϣִѰɵʯͳڲ޲ϡ΢һһģһСͳ
ˣȥϻɡ
˵ͷתγڡ
ĿʧϣŴӵһγȥ
˽δֺͣøֵһ֣Ǿʣˡ
û취ϣ񱾵
ʮţлл
Ӧ̫ˡŴĽ־ѸԹСr̲סп˵Լ㣬Ҷš
û취ʹ˳ɳ֮ǰ඼ܸɹ֮Ҷˡ
ϣЦӯӯ˵Ҳһֱõķչˣûаҿ˹ꡣں𣿡
ڣСrͷǲ˹ʾǱȽԶĵط
ϣҵšڻָе㷢ڻû֮ǰ֮Ŵڱ⡣֮Ļ˵Ѻô
ѴűʹΣʱ̣ǿӵȥ
ɣԼ̡
ʵϣҿԺϳһ̹ء
һ˵ǰɡô֪ȥץڰأ
Ѿ
ô죿
һƬɫķǰͣ¡ױסլһķӳҲһģһ
ÿӵſڶһСأŰɳʲôĶС̨Ҳǰɫģܸɾӡ
㲻Ϊʲôϲ޽¥ݣòŰ
˳һ۾Ϳһϵƺţʮš
ȥžʹˡ
վſڣˮͷϵ鱻ˮĲƵӳĿ塣
ȥš
ϣһģûĻȥһ˱Сݡҿšſˣ㡣
ţͷŵǺڰ͢˹ˡƽʱᴫһЩϢҿĻ뿪ſշӻ˲ɣҴϢȥ
Ҳͽϣȡ
ﶼСЦһ£ڱأܱ֤ܲ˵ġģе˸ӡ
ԭҽľߵ˱ʺͱŵ˾Ȼľߵϰ壬һϣ̲ס𴽽ǡ
˹޻˵˰ɡŵëʵġ
ô֪ţʣǺȥ𣿡
Ҳ֪ǲǺȥģϣüһӣ֪ģסĺڰ͢һ
һȥʱ򣬸˵ױʮšһǲסĵط͸ˡ
˼һ£Ӧ©ˡϸ벢⡣Ȼϲ񣬵òȷʵλдϻ۵ô챻ҵҲڳ֮С
㻹ǻرذɡϣһζȰˡ
ƵЦһ£㺦𣿡
Һ¡ϣһҲκµΪ溦¡ʼһѺ˹˹͵Ƶģ˭ܵ˰
ҵ㱻ץԶС˵ǳԣ汻ɱ𣿡
벻ᣬɫɵ˵ûô졣ܻҹϰꡣȽҵĲҡ
𣿡Ů΢΢ۡ˼룬գգŨܵĽëɫ۾תһĨġ
ĻҾ취Զ˹֪ģҲͰꡣһ޵⴦ˮ㡣
΢һ£Ŀ⣬ѻɫĳĬС
ʮ°͵ͷù˸ƽ˵ҵǱӾɽǴΣѾˡҲ·Ρ㲻ϲûˡ
ϲŮЦֻ̧ҪʲôҶϲ
һ۴ɫ󣬡ԺҪǵʱʱƤһ£Ҳʱʱ̫ˡһ쿴һξСصϴ½Ҿȥ㡣
𣿡
š
аɡϣЩ̫Ը˵Ǹʱ˹عλ֪ôء
пܣҸϣȥ㡣
ԡЦ˵
ô߰ɡϣھߣҪٱˡ
š˿
һ΢ӰʧںˮС
ϣؿʧĵطȺˮ¹Ϊƽɿ
ղ˵Զ˹ĻǼٵİҶжˡ
ȻǼٵġϣЩֻܻ࣬һ룬Ĺꣿ
Сr
˵ĻѻѽղŵõһֺøֵֿԶ๶һ
Ҫøá

ϣصſڵɴۣ㣬㲻Ǹսȥ𣿡
Ŷϣ΢Цſξͳ˰
Ȼ½һ飿Щ
ʵҸ㲻ǵʲô壿ſڣǱ˿Դͷ
Ϊ˸ҵ̫ˡԺﴫֵĮ
ϣ￩һ£˽ȥ
˹վڻǰһɵģżϡ
ϣ˵˸ǰȿɵʯڲڣСrǷáҴһΡҪٻϵͳ۳-20֡ͿֱԱˡ
Сr˵ûˡ
ϣɿһԹ˵㲻ҪܶҵĿֵ
ʲôûҷ˲ʲô˹Ƥɤ⣬ȥ˭ˣ
ϹҸʲôϣü׼һѣҽѣ
һѣ˹¶һ˿Ц˭ģ
Ҿ֪֮ǰһûٸЩܵ¡
ᰡ˹Ц˼ʣְٵʱҸ֮ϲ켣ڸСҲȷ˲ٹࡢ黹ˡʲôû
ʲôûҲš
֮ǰҶǲȤΪײ֮ҲžãԭǼ£
å˹
˹΢գаɣ˵ʲôԡΪʲôôᣬ׽͡ϲˣʲôˡϲ̽ȤûСҲǸ˵׹ĵһࡣ
һеһ飬һ˰ɣ
ҺǶ͡±Ǩ̫죬ȥڤüȦˡ
㲻ĺһ㡣ϣһĲţѿȷʵڶ࣬űɡ
㣿˹ЩɻؿָҵĻǺһʲô𣿡
ϣ
˹΢΢ü룬ץסĸ첲
ʲô
ϣоһΣ˾뿪
һھ޴Ŀɿڴ
˹ƺǰѺи˳һ顣͸Χһ޴Ρ·һ޴ĺһʲôУɺиι״㡣
Щ㣬뿴Ļ˹Աţֱۣҡɫβ͡
ǣΪʲôҪأϣʡ
Щϧ֡еֻʮҷڴò˶ãǾͻᱻֳԹˡÿֳһҾͷųȥһͺˡ
ϣȣǸ˼ɣ˹㣬㣿
Ӧþ˼Сr˵
˼Ļһʲô
ģǲǾãʶû޷ܣ
Ҫ壬ʱǸʱµʮǰ˻鲻סһ𡣲ڹϽǣֻһΡ¶ƤͽøʿƵģˡ
ڰ˵˰ɣͽҲµԱһ仰ĺڰˮͥ
ǲǾ͵߸ȨһΡˮȵСڰԴֻһ仰˭ںڰأûм⣬ƾʲôΪĹ񲻰ˡ
к֪˰ɣǺ˰˽ңˡಶ㣬˵ﶼŶô˵ˣ˭ҳ㰡
ϵͳŻѡߣǴ͵ѿʱƣʵδе£ѾԶߡ
԰鲻ȤʹǿС顣ڰ˵ĮϴεĸԺ¼¶ĺˡĺܺã䲼˶˶ߣһܺõĿ𣿡
кʱϲ켣ϲ㣬ⶼѿĳʼڲնϣǧ󣬾͸ѩһԽԽ󡣡
Ӧʲôϣʣŵ𣿡
ϲתΪ޷뿪㣬ԸΪɡǺרһ֡
ɺҰרһƲûϵ𣿡
Сr΢΢ҭһ£Ӧġû˭벻˭ɣϵͳ㣬óѷʽ
ϣüаɣ֪ôˡ
СrĶԻĿ˹΢΢üԡĳһ
˳˹Ŀȥֻԡƺһǳ
ԽԽˣһɫ㡣˿ɰԸһǰŮܽ
ϣ΢΢ü֪Ϊʲôܾܽ㣬ﲻԡ
ܽŴЦݣ˹˹ƺǰϡݺݵײȥ
ģȻһֱײѪģˣܽҲе⣬ǰĽɫײˡ
С㣬˫Ŵ⣬ͨ졣̧ﲨ٣ݽҧź촽ˡ
ϣ΢΢ۣܽﲻԾˡֱǰص㳤
𷢡۾ִȻԴֳǲͬˡϼֱһģһ
ˡҸι㡣ҺøˣҲųġǣܽɤǳĿǻû뵽ô죿ҵıǵȥˡңûа취񡭡
˹ɨһۣˮɫŶһеļ
ܽøһЩڲڵӣϣȷʵջˡʶȥ˹ֻ䵭ͳ
˹һһǰѱǵȥ㣬ûһǧҲоŰپʮϲе㴴¾ˡҴӺȥ֣Ҿô
ܽɫرɫҧź촽ס
ɫķǿ˵ˣܲȥԼ񡣡
ֱ͸ˣţˡ˭ʱ򣬶ڶ
ã˹Ͳý˻ԳԹʵϣġɤĮͼڽõģûȤ￴񱴿ǡ
§С㣬˲뿪
ֱܽҧ˵ҵûдǵȵ㡣Ұһţôأ
żssr˵ŸտʼңԱΪĺáҪ֪˾ͬһ㶨λġ
ܽһʣӺϰʲô˼
ssr֪m

ϣһؿ˹㾹ȻϲҰӺϰ㲻ǾԹ𣿡
ǰȷʵӡ̡
ϣüָ˹Żһ£㲻Űɣ
˹§סͷĶһ¡ŵ̵Ĵ࣬СȻۣǸ顣
ԡЩֵ¡Ц˵


58 
ϣ𴽽, Ŀ⻺شǰ
ļֱѺſʱ, ϲ°͸ľϡ
ȻĶϡÿʱͻ彩ӲƤӿһС
ֱҲܺÿϸУִŲ̫ļ⣬ʵ
ĺ󱳡ˮʱϲ档Ưĺ΢΢խ΢, ž޴βζ
, ͻȻֻʣˡǰһֻ޶
۶֣㶼Խ𣿡ϣЦʡ
˹ԥղ޼ɵĿ£һθоƤ񱻻աһһͷ΢΢𲻰
𣿡ϣָ, »
ӹ⻬ɫƤϸܵƬϡʵƬֵĵط
ǳ͸Ƭſ貿˹оָ·һĵ, ˲ۡ
ҧס촽ú䷢һ
βͣƯŶ Ůָ޵Ƭ»ϸܵˮҲȵڵĳһƬʱ˹ͷƤ飬͵߬סָ, ʹ, ˡ
½, Ķͷһϸܵĺˮ
ϣЦӯӯؿ˹üͷƯƺƴѹʲô
һޱȵĴ΢΢βͶܵشž
ϣĿԽļ򣬿ؿǶƯĺǡ
֡СrС˵ԺҾȻô
һʲôûءϣ˵ɤһЦ⣬˭ղŹңҪԣ
û㡭ֵ¡˹ҧ˵ҸղŲԥ𣿡
ְŮһ޹˵Ϊľβ͡ҾʱŻβ͡˭Ƭ˭ôӦģ
졣˹ջһס졣
ġɹŮʱ鳬ãЦָдΪʲô˹ÿζǰһ׳־˵ѽѽ㡣һͣ˿ˣͣɡ
˵ˡյذڻǶϴҵЦ
ǡЩΣֲֲܴ˵ػɴͷסջ졣
ˮӿһɲǣϣŵ̲ˣٱˡ
˹ûǣֻôĴ̧꣬
ŴЦ»ػң㺦£
ʲôϣʶʡ
ֵ°
Ҿβ͡ϣǿ
Ҳֻβ͡˹Цһֻֻסһִֻ»ȥ
ϣƿ󵯳ȥüԶϹһ˿ա
ƣ˹̯֣Ҷһ

õֺøֵϣһֱûҵ÷ֵĻᡣ
Ժ߽ʦڿΡΪоֵطܶ˿ⱲֻһĻᡣӦôջС
ڽӶγϣһѧ˶ΪԾ
һ˵һͨѶȵҪһڲѧᡣµʱϰϣ˼죬ͽͷŵޱȴ졣
һҲ֣Це˵ϣѧ˵ʱ򣬳ɼ⡣ûʲôĽġҪ츳Ҳ
ϣ΢Цһ£Ҳء
Ȼ֪ʲô޷ǾʹҶŬΪ츳ѡ
صķȾʧʵͦġ
˹ǱߵĽȲ̫áͣøƵȥɧ˹ĽǱϳֻСϼһϵοˡ
˹ĵڶ죬ٹһǾҪظˡ鲻ãҲ鲻áھʣˡ죬Աա
˹춼æŴ˵ܸһزˡĻ֪ø˻ǲˡ
ϣص첻ȥоѧҪǰʰʵҲûʲôʰġһЩСƷȥ͸ѵġʲôġ
רʰʱǰͻȻһӡƵģںˮϡ
Ťͷ˹Цۡ
Ǹˡ˹һ˵һıǴϣһöɺָؿ˿
Ϊʲôϣ󡣸ŵɫĹƤܿӿ֭
ΪһԲɡ⿴ҧһڡܵͣһֻܽһšҺòһĸ㡣
ô԰ϣЩΪѵؿŹӣҧһڣ֭ˮҲǲͲˣ
ܼ򵥣ҧסһͺˡֹӵ֭ˮˮݡֱӽθȥ
𣿡ϣԥԥذѹӾٵߣһҧȥϽ˹˵һ̳֭ʳӿȥ
եİ֭
˹ĵؿŮ̺˱ţհ׵͸ܿʺĹ֭ӿȥ
Ůζĺ΢΢һ¡ȥĴһڹӡ
ϣһûҶһ֭Ƴ˹⶯˳ĽëڸһԹӡ
֭ϵӿζ겻֪ǹ⻹
촽촽˱Ź֭Ҳͬ˱ŶԷζģƤȥҲһι֭ˡ
˹°ͣСĵذմȾĹ֭ߣ˵𡣡
ϣ΢΢Щ
ӦԶҲһˡ
óԵĺӺЦҪꡣ
һ֡ԺСr
з֣˹ʮ֡ϣ̾˵
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ﻹаɣ˹˵ҾʵģࡣֻĺŴϧȺȥе˼
վһȥˣϢʱĻһȥġ
ϣ˵ҲûϵֻһɽҸһ𿴿ͻˡ
˹Цһ£ͷһѣ뿪ˡ
ϣµͷһСƷ
ڶ죬ú硣Ȼ˹ûаͺҹǺҲ½صʱߡ
ʱӵʱߵְϣæűȥ
ֻǺѰʲôû˺Ͱɵʯһ˷

޴ĺɽͣ˹ʮ๫׳۵ĵطɽϰ޴ĺ
ΪĺˮɫӽڡɽϿȥ񿴵ϰߡ
ҿ㣬Сϣ˵Ȼҿɲˤȥ
ϣĲɵصͷĿⶢֻɫܽϡܽɸǵ򵼡ιĹֵõµĻⲻص㡣صǣܽ˭
ĿһͺĹ£ȥƽûʲôֱ
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ơһƿĸƿǻһƿƿһƿʮöҿԺȼƿ
ף
΢Ц˵ԲҲ֪˵ʲô
һöͭһӣңҺ˻һӣҡʮöͭҿԳԼӣң
΢Ц˵ԲҲ֪˵ʲô
׾̾Ҳ̫ˡҲ֪
ϣ΢΢һЦӦôҼһģһ
ԶܽԷһضˣһЦݸԷ͵س
ʲôСrһȡ
֪ϣҲеɻ󣬡ĸ򵼵ĹֻܰѼ˴Ҳʲô
뺦ɣ
Ӧòܣôˡϣԥ˵ûϵҽŴҡ
ϣСr˵ʱ򣬺ԺɻˡȻɻ˶Ȥȱȱȫԭز
û˶ϣȻɵһתͷȥܽȴֶԷ֪ʲôʱʧˡ
ˮҪȱĵطһЩ½ϸ߸ϵķһˮپǴķ硣
ϣһʯϣͬԨһĺΧ˶죬ϣһСʱʱĹȥһѱˮҵͷĵ
ԺͷҵĴԽԽࡣˮۿɼһ͸Ĳһǰӹ
ڲͷ嶼رˮߡ£ھĺˮ
һȺ֪ʲôطС㣬ʧش߳ȥ˶һãҿ
ⲻԡԺһɵش󺰣ܲԡپ⡣ҿ쳯Ρ
Ļ䣬һ޴Ƕиʲô𡣽ĺ
嶼ڲѷһɽϹѡɳ񱩷ѩһӿ𣬺ˮ̱ûǲ
ʦǼΡһɫӰŻŵشӻǵĺˮг
ܽ
ϣʲôŴƴϴܡûμף͸оԼٶȲܿƵرβһ˫޴ֳסƵģק
УаȺ﷢ֵؼС
ĺһͷĺɫоɳҸΣӳĹȦ
ϣֱĶгżУԼԽԽûǹʵ̫ˡβ;ҵʹоһϾҪˡ
ֲסʱһҵĹâ˺ĸ첲ͬʱֻץסͫӳһһӰ˹˹ԷƺҲͦȵġ
˹û뵽˹ĺɫ̳£ϣȥǷӸ˽顣Ȼ鵽סһëʵˡǰŰɡ
ڿ˹ʲôף뵽ԷȻ͵ˣӿɱ⡣
˹ΪԾԶ㣿ϣϷ¡˵ҧˣԷˡżƿ׷ٵҩˮ
ʱúЦôϰǺ˹ڿӵž޴βԶ˹ʲôף
ϣû뵽̶̼뾹Ȼ¡ڰ˹׵ˡ
˹ˡϲؿֱߵ꣬Էһ䣬Ҳ֪ǳ˼ţԣ̫ˣ۵׶⡣
˹ûüӦĺķ϶ﾹȻӿ˷ۺɫĺˮԣǲǺˮһȺɫƤƤϺ
ϰڵķɫƤƤϺһоһɺ۵Ĺζɢ
ûüߵʦغУгųȥ˹ϣ˹һƣ뿪㲻ҪЩۺϺЩдá
˵䣬ߴ޴ĺɫβͷų⡣ˮӳĵظ͸һɫߴָӿ˩ס˲³ʮʦ
˹ĵضԿž޴Уһ޴ľﲻɵһ¡
ͻȻ䣬ɽӾҵѷȻըظֻۺɫƤƤϺըһ
޴ˮ˾ŷɫĢһһɾ޴ײתУϣо˹סʲôطȥ
ǰһƬڰ˳ȥصػˮסһʯͷһѸ³
оܿƵΣ٣æСr͡СrѾ˦ˣ
ʱĸ첲һֻֽ߬ס˱Ȧ˽ʵĻСһоԼǳˮһˮ˲ʧĿӿ˷β
ſڻĵ棬ҵشϢǰһƬڡ
һâ˹һС򣬰Աһĵؿ
ϣ̧ۿϰɫѾȫʪ͸ϡ͸Կʵšͷңʪزµˮ
û¡ղűúúõģȻ˵㾪ţûˡ˹ˣĶôп
ɽλеر𣬺ˮ˹ᴭȥе㾫ƣߡ
ʲô뿪𣿡ϣʡ
Ȳ뿪˹ŤͷڵĶѨǿҪȥĵطΪҵһ
ϣĿɿڴ˹ҪһҪǰˣ
ڵɽһβҲܲˣСrιȥˡҪǣ˹ڸҲΪѰɵʯˡ˹Ųζˡ
վ𣿡˹һ顣
ϣеβĴһµ棬Ҫôվ
˹Цһ£ǸˡժͿˣ
ժϣȣ㱼ˣ
²Уβʧҿɾˡ
˹΢΢˼룬ѹŷſƯͷֳӣ׻¶
ϣһæסָۣ￴ȥãſӡûиط֣͡
˹ӵϣϾͿժˡ
ҲǲСϣ̵ӿڣʪˣе͸
һâ£ϣһԡůĹС˲ֱձɹһ
ˣֶź롣ְϣժ
βʧȳ
ϣǽվ͵ˣӦˡŤǰС
ǵÿ㡣˹ᴭ۵׳ֲĺѪ˿ȥʮֲá
ô˹ˣϣȵʡ
ղűˮ˵ʱ򣬲С˷ɫڸо̫á
˹㲻õģţǿԵֿһҵţûˡ
ǶƤƤϺ𣿡ϣ˹˵ģдЧֲ˹ûиռʱô䡣ԭƤƤϺۡղҲˣôû£
ΪСr˹һ¾²ۣƣƤƤϺûˡ


59 
ҽ, Ųϣһ£Ҽǵ˹˵ƤƤϺʱ۾˹ԭ㲻ҪЩɫϺ
õǡ㡯֡Ҳ, ᲻ƤƤϺֻЧأ
пܰСrͷ, ۣ㾹Ȼֵطע⵽ˣ
Ȼ, һעϸڵˡϸڲ׳顣
СrԻʱ䣬ϣһֱǽվšβձȣʹǱ˵ȡ
𣿡˹ü̧һĹâ΢һ˿Ѹٸԭϣȴһ㷴ӦûС
ǲԺ·ˣ
ᡣϰβͣͻȻȣһʱӦ˹, ҿ
ϣϴӡ˹ĸߴ, Ҳܿȵ˸ʵǼ¶һ롣
˹Ŀļͣ, Ȼƿ
ϣﾪ̾ƤƤϺǰ˹һڸСھȻܶܣƺͦˡ
˹۽, Ůϸ¶, һϸµİ״ɡĽݳʮֺԲĿɰָ׶͸ķɫ, 峿δʢĻһ׾Ը, ڹӳ, Ȱ׵÷⡣
˹ƵСȾͣˡǳɫĽëᴹ, ƺʮì, ͣϲԸ뿪
ϣܿĶԻ
˹ơ
Ӿֵס֣㲻룡
ôͣأϣָ˹һЦʣһֱţҵȾôÿ𣿡
ܺÿ˹ᴹޣŬѹֻ񱻹ƻһָĴϣƤЩϣ΢΢ۡ
ܻ껹Ǹ嵭ģɤƵúɳ
ϣ̲סۣ⻹Ǹɵ˹ƤƤϺҲ̫ˡ
Сr˵һ֡
ô죿ϣȣԭ򷢵
ϡ
Сr£ϣиһ֡
Թϲźÿ׺ÿȣҲõࡣ
룬û뵽˹ʱֱͦ
õࣿ㵹ư
ĵطֻӽҵԹ֯Ĵ֣ͣرϸܵð
ƤƤϺȾ˷ۺɫһ޻ǡĴ۾鿺ܣһͷӡ
һ᲻
Ŷᡣ
һԥһ£ǰұÿɺˡ
Ŷ̫ˡôܱջ󣿡
һίİ
ŶӣˣҾֳݹӴ˳ΪŮһֻ򹷡
Įļӹ̣˹ࡣͷųŵùΰϣСȵļ⡣
СȻȻܺʱסûղô
ӹջԿô
ϣһСȡԣС˹ôָ֪
Ӧÿˣ˹˵ǽ߰ɡ
ҾòءϣпɽڣЦӯӯһҲ
ʲô
˹˴С滹дȰɣ
˹΢΢һ
ϣĶߣϢջ󣬡Ȱϴһȸ˵С
ϸĽɫëϢʱˡ
Ժɫ޻ӲＷȥһֻƵ֣ŶһǶ⡣
ϣ˹֣ȥ۽ǡ
ƿһ¶
˹оʲôڷ֮ԽԽ̣ԽԽ졣
ŮƤϸóԵĸ㡣ȻԹζֻҪһξԶ
֡СrС
ɫ޻Ǽ˵ڶֻ֣žһָŶһǶ⡣Ŷɫࡣ
Ŷҧסʱ򣬾Բ¶ӡֻҪΣεľһ
ŵ㣬Сrѣء
Σˡ
ϣæ˹ִ۵׳档
ۺ촥֣øղŻ꣬βȾһɫ
ôֲˣ
ûвáϣЦ⣬ԸһЧ
˹Ŀ΢ض̺Ĵɤ嵭ԣһи
ʲôаϣе
Ȼ²ۣΪ˰˹ͷԣͷ˵ֻҪ̫֣ҶԴӦ㡣
֡˹ɤһ߽˵һС
ϣ΢΢ۣǽĹˡ嵭ɤ˵åĻ
ԥһ£ǲͷԷŵ̫ˣ
Сr󺰣ҿƮһֺøֵҪؿˡ
аɡϣ̲ԥƵԺԼķһѹ
Ĵ˹صȥ
ǡһִֻѳɫ޻һ죬ֵ˶
֯Ŷæ󺰣ϸϸĹֵ֯סԼ
һֱ֯֯ĸϲƵĿ졣һίί˵ˡ
ҲšŶӲŴ󺰡
žžžֻ֣ÿֻһ¡
סôŶô
üĵطŮѷ֡
ֻۺ촥ֲƵضƤƤϺĵǡۺɫķĩڽѪҺȫȥ
ϣоҪȥˣҲʵʵڵۡ
һ֡
һ֡
һ֡
Сrر
ϣòˣæһߡ
˹ˣҿ촭ˡ βؿҪ֧Ųס˹§Ҫȥˡ
˹ذְ̺Ĵ꣬ᴭ̧ۡ
ⲻڣɤҲɳƵܶܶ
ˣˡϣæͷȾˡû뵽˹һ嵭ףҲôԣȴˡ
˹ϣ˵˵ʱһӦ̫ͣˡŮƤʮ԰㰭µĲ͸ˡ
ټһ֡
ϣ첻ôԭɣ
ݵĹҲ̫޶ˡ
Ϊʲôûssrңⲻɷ𣿡
Сrڻ̳ƤƤϺһöûС
˵ƤƤϺ÷ݹڼ򵥡Ҫôף͸˹㺣Ʒˡ
վϰ߶ˡ
˹˼ַųһâϡӶʱˮƵģһֱϥλòֹͣ
·
Ҳһ°ɣϣѻקһ¡ȻסˣֻҪһ̻£¶ѩ׵ļ
˹ĿٴƹȥǳɫӱЩͦá
ϣ

Ѩһߣ˹βѾʧ޳ȡϴɫۡ
ͷʪģһһƴסۡ䵭ɫϲܺӵСϽڳһ
ĽԱߣһֻɫβ㡣
ܽŴСС˵ˣҾúȰղ˷ۺɫͻȻͱˡ
˹촽õֱߣһ˫ˮɫۣûʲôؿɫ
ԣܽе޵ر죬ҺؼҰ
Ů΢΢ŷۺɫ촽Ρ΢ȥԵִ
˹򴽣ŸϣƵ̲ס룬˵ȣˡ
ǿɶŲζôҲûһ뵽һ;ý겻ѡ
ϣ˹ǼһѾҵżˡʳƤƤϺķۣһ
ˡܽק˹۽ǣˮģɤֽġ
˹ЦһòҰɣΪǰŮѵ֪ۺɫ֮Ϻĸġ
ڽڻͷųķĩһϺַͬĩҲֻáе㻳Աˡ
ܽʧˣûϸڡ
˹ٸһ֣ܽͻΪһâʧͻߡ
ȻûǸܽĸ״ȥһšλҩʦŮǶӣۣ֮첻ˡ
£˹ٵѨȥ

Сϣͷ͵һƬµ·ǰǺܺڣѨһڵİ
ļžͲطϣе㲻˼顣һһѰ˼ҵż䡣˹Ҫϳȥôֹ
ҿԶס
Դ˹
ϣ΢΢һ׹
ԣ˹¶βˡеⰡôأ
ʵҧֻɣ˹ɤ
ԣǡϣһʱ˵ʲô
˵˭𣿡 ˹ʡ
˵˹ϣؾػش
˹˹ɤŵĺᡣ
۾ᴹë⶯˼̷ɢ
ʵҲܹһƻȻ˵ʵݡǧһֱ𣿻켣У޼ɵ˵
һûвϣΪÿϣСǸʲôԶ׵ĹҲһġʼϣȻҪζҩˮ
˹첻˵ϣﷺŨŨĲŴŵעŶԷԷת
װ֪˹Ǻ¡˵ˡȻҪζҩˮ㹻̬˰ɣ
׼ڽʱͻȻ˹
Զ㡣
ţϣЩɻգգۡղ˹һͳû룬һȻʲôû˵أ
ѵָǰһ㷭ΪѶԼˡ˹⣬⡣Բ
û˹ֵ£
أϣæʡ
ҸƽһЩ˹ĵ˵ǡ
ûСϣܿ϶˵֪ģû취¡Ƕںġɲѣֲ˹
˹΢һ£𴽽ǣԣˡ
ɫ࣬ϣҲССɿ
֪䣬ߵ˶Ѩͷ
˹йϸشźشֲڵұڣָ⸧¡
ԺһۣطŵǿߵϢ
ţҲҪǸֻҪ֣»ָ䡣ԭǸĮɵ
˹˵
ô֪ģϣʡ
ұڣü첲һСʵҲоˡһɼϲϢľһ˫۾һ
뿪ˡת˹ĸ첲ҡһҡұԺ󣬵½ࡣʵ̫ˡһŽţˡ
˹ͷĽһۣ԰׵Ľűֺ춳÷ࡣ
Ǹˡ΢ָһůĹâ̽ϣϡ
ͷţ˲ů
㻹Ҫһ˫Ь˹ػ䣬ϣԱ߾ͳһ˫ǳɫģƽЬųĴӣ԰ڽŲϡ
Сr̲ס˵ôλĻˡ
ô᣿ҪĽѽϣЦӯӯ˵
˹˰Ҵεε˵
˹Ƴһۣû˵ʲôȥЬ
ϣ£ޱȻİȷĻ
ֻϥǵӣΪƻ˴ȡ¶֮ǰ˹һƬٺۡ
˹Ŀʱȥ۵·ɫµɫȾ£һѸϸ˿˻ǣһȼ
ĶЬӵһԣָĺۼϵָĦ˼¡
ϣȥ촽Ĳɤﷺ۵ջ󣬡˹ˣӣʲôûŶ
죬֯Ŷʲôµ飬ɤӿ
Ѿˡۺ޻ǣЦţͬʱ䵭
һվͬʱ״Ťɫĭ̳һѪҺٵӿࡣ
˹ĴϢԽԽأ³ѹֶ˵ױѾʹ޷˼۵׷ɺ죬ޱȡ
Ŷɵˣһ
Ƶ꣬סϣ°ͣȥ䣬ʲôֻصĴϢ
صұ֮һž޴Ҳ಻ס䡪һұѿһ󶴡ĺڵĿУϢ˲˳
ϣŤͷ㵵ؿһѩɫƮ˹д˿ң
ƺûá˹ڵըʲô޷ֹסϣĲӺǡϣȥҪˡ
ҾÿˡϣСr˵ӡ㹻ˡ˹عλҲаҸȤ
ҾҲˡСr˵ǹͣ
˹ˣһ¡ϣץסļ˹ϡ˹ᴭְϰµԶһȥŮ

죬Сr취ϣֵ˹ļ̵ļ䡣ûֵ°
ҪˡСrԳЦôȶˡŶԲûȡ
һɵߡϣܾҪûعλ˯Ҳǰ˯𲻵κá
˵ǡи취Ҫһssrҡ
ôʲô
һѾ𿪵äС˼壬Ѿһ
ôôĵäУǮ𣿡
ˡСrջȥ
ৡһ˹ɵسڣǡΣյϢȫ֡
ʮ󡭡
˺ˣ򡣡Ѿ޷ֿŮͶˡ
һöӣҴĺӳֱߡҲͰѹ˹
˹ͻȻͣĿ΢
ϣŵض
ôһ̣ƺһ͸·𱡺֭һѸӣۺɫĲ
۵׵ɺ죬ʧˣȡ֮ѡ;޴İûڡ
ɽ΢ĹâĲϴǳİӰ˶ľĬС
ָˣϣɿ
˹û˵˺һǽƣ㣬شۡ۵Ÿӵ⣬ɤɳƣҶʲô
Ҳûʲôϣɵ˵˵ҳ̶ȻȲϵһȵǡ
˹ֳĬһְɢڶǰķõȥȴ㹻棬һ㸺ġ
ϣæ˵ʲôû
Ǹ
ָʲôϣСr£ÿû¡
ӱ滹һ֡
ϣ
ȻҲԺһαõΡ
ʲô˼ϣʡ
ڿ˼Сr˵Ϊ˯ˡ
ϣ
һٵĽŲͻȻһɲȻֹ
ϣŤͷͫӳ˹ͷŭۣͷ·׸׽ֳƵġ


60 
谵, һζ
֮ϺķĩŻֵζ
ôܹأʾľһǻ䣬ȻһӲǴȻķƤƤϺֶܺΡ
ܶʱ˹ҲҪƤƤϺ۵İ, úȺḻרˣƤƤϺʱ, һַĩȺĵط
ɹȥˣȫڸǵʵʵ, ʱСһĵ䡣
, ˹ޱַĩ
Ƥ, ⺮ͣǡ
ϣһû쬵ġŤͷϰŵ˹ֵͷһԼңȱһƬ죬ǴҲɫĺۼ
ˡŹء
ͷˣ˹ЦЦض˹ʡ
š
ûС
شͬʱ
ϣ˹, Сͣ˹, Ǹղʲôû
˹ĮĴ΢΢𻡶, ûĻ档
Ȼ֪ղŷʲôǲƭ˵ġڻ谵, ǰδе¡
ִͷβ, ֱ˷衣Ŀ֣ȫ޷һֻ̣ӵиࡣȫӵС
ϣԲ, һ취ûСпܣ뿴ǶΡжʵŲɡ
治˹ɤðź, ĸηζڴʹӵйô, ˺, ÿζˡ
һԡƲ¡ÿζˡο̫ˣĵ̡

˵һЩ̵ĻΪ̫ˣһĶ벻Ϊʵ̫ˡ
ΪһϵԶסûʸԴסң˵ʲôأƤƤϺĴ
˹΢⡣âδ¾ͻΪǵɢϣͬʱװɫӣͬͬɫͬġ
Ӵʹ˹ۡ
̲סЦʾȨװˡ
˹֡ڰУһŰӨӨĶ˹
ϣһ⣬ܿˡ·𿴵ӳһʾЦݡ
˹ˣҪʲô
ɤſ־壬˹˵ֻǰջ
ӦҵģҪһصϴ½ٳԡϣ˵
ҵȻǣ˹΢üͷ첻һ𣿡
أϣҡҡͷҪѧԺһء
˹򴽣̧˹ķ˹ظһƵЦݡ
΢΢ۡʮֲϣһȥЩšһЩָ֤֮󲻻˺ϣİš
Ȼ˵˹ĮԼͬˮһǰָ֪֮ʲôĸı䡣
ڲٵ㡣
ϣ˿Ȼ֪ⲻʱʱ䡣һһ롣ٵͷʵˡ
˹ѵսڴĮؿһ˹
Բ˵ʲô˹ҪЦˡ
֪˹ùġ
̫ˣ˹һĨĺ֪ܶʲôҰѹŪߣҾҲˮ
Ķࡣ˹赭дػش
ɶ˹ҧ
ϣ˼ؿ˹Ļ͸©һϢǾ֪˭
ϸ벢⡣̻ܵذҼšҪǲ֪̫ˡ
˹һ֣ǰ̳һšŵһˣҹɫµĲ١ҵƻȼҹɫ졣
ҵ˹ضϣ˵
ϣ̵ͷٴζһ飬͵ųԼŶ
˹΢΢ݸͷת߽˹šڹҪرյʱʲôƵŤͷϣ
ϣΪлҪæ䡣˹ʲôû˵һ󣬳ùŹرա
˹ɫ˲úѿָ߬ýģס
ϣϸƵ飬ΪʲôҪһأ
ѽ
͵ɫ졣
⡭ûء
˶ˣҲûˣأ˹ɤ
ϣֻǰϲֻԭҪ
˹ɫƣ֣ôӸµؿ
˹Һѽһڵβͣ͵ػȡôʱ䣬оʹˡ
һ˵ۣ˹෢ᡣԽۣ֤ղŵսԽҡ˵ػƳŮ΢΢ȣڲᣬˡ
ɤӲҲԶ𣿡
ϣһ޹˵֪ƹȥġ
˹
ôŲζˣۿЦǲʲôֽţ㲻ζΣҾЩʦ̾ҵ㡣
˹ϣЦſ㲻ΪҸղŸ˹ʲôɣ
˹΢΢һѵˡ
Ҹղ˵ûУΪʲôأ
˹Щɻ󣬡ôûأ֮Ϻķĩֻûûáȵȣ˼ǣǼһԼģ
ϣһ£̲סЦ
˹ٴγۣŪģ
ˣϣЦòУôֱݺʵƷ
Ʒ
ţϣϹŻûʧЦ⣬챾֮Ķ磽Ҳ˲þ
ֶ𣿡˹ȣĶŪģҪһЩÿɳȥ֮۵㣬һ붼С
ŪҲֻһǳ󡣡
ˣԼɡ
˹˵仰ұ¡ϣ
ʲôϣһˤȥ
ñִ˹˵ִҸġܸӦǼ˺õӿڴ
˵仰ɫЩȻûʲô˹һûӵظȫǺۡһ۾֪ʱж༤ҡ
ҵʱӺԺһô֪һǴأϣʡ
Ϊıǡôѡ㶼ҵҵһ˵
ϣ΢̧ۿֺˣ
˹Цһ£аɣҪõöࡣ
ϣЦôˣ
š˹΢΢ִó㲻Ҿˣ
ãϣԹ滹һء
ͷ˹憪¡
һһֻ־ʹ˽ȥ׼ȷڴִ˳
˹ϣػ
˹Цһ°ͣԴȥǸһ·ġ˹ʲôû㶼
ϣе飬Ҳǲ˹ǲɼ𣿶ƤƤϺ
Ϊѡ˹ɤ
ϣװûְѱִϡմã߾͵һΡ
һ룬ǰһƬεʶȥ۾˹߬סߴһӦˡ
ԹԵصʮ룬ǰǿĽݡм޴ӡվŸĺʹ
ֻص˹ص˹
˹ϣֳŲǳÿֱһֱͦ촽ʮ
ϣʲô
Ϊʲôɽᷢѡ
ϣβ֪û˵Ƶص׺סһһи
ˣЩʦôˣƽ𣿡
ţ˹ĵصͷͻˡԶһ£һ£Ҿ֪һ±ȽϺá
ʲô£
ҵѨ֮ǰܽһ
ܽϣ΢΢Щȣһʲô밡ǲΪ˹ƤƤϺأ
챻קȥˣ˳һѣӽ˶Ѩ˵Լۣ֮Ұ
ô
ְ˹Ц˵
𣿡
ֻ֮á˹һ£ȻǶŮҲãҲԼȥġ
֡ɽѣһȺ֮Ϻ˳ͷŵķĩ˳ˮƮΧĺ򡣿Ҫһʱ䣬ˮرḻˡ
ԭϣ˼롣ز֪ʲôͱƤƤϺĳѨ
ƤƤϺʲôأҲزǳ˹ȥġ˹ֻһ⡣
һʼĿǹԿ˹ꡣ֮۸˹ʲôû뵽˹ˡ˹ֲϵ
ʲô˹°͡
ûʲôϣ˵ˣһز٣Ҳһ𣿡
ȥ㡣˹˵£ҵȴһ¡
̫ˣϣ˵ԽԽáʱȰ˹Ūãȥء
˹ֱ临ˡǣڰϳ˹ûϳ񡣹ϳ˺ûϳڰ񡣺˭ϳˡۣ˹

ϣص˲١վβҵĻ԰ֲʵĸо
ڲǰչһڵĺֵ״һڡطǼµºͻﶼȲϲ١
ůʢʻ
ϤһУϣֻصҵиСҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻĸо
ļһʱա֪䣬ѾһСĲ˶˵Ŀɰ
Ѵӱغ˹С﷢ÿˡ˶СβӶļʮˡ
һ˲䣬ѸٳΪⶰС㡣϶еЦݡϣĽôĺ飬ֻһţȴӵһ
ܲ˿˿֮ǰϣʱǼΪȥ˱غ˹ĵطһӿܾôһλᡣõϣΪ׼ʱʵͻȻûˡ
һСƷпˮдֵıʺֽϨ򡢿ڷ˵ıǡˮɺɫ֬ȵһϵС
ϣ̵õʻϴˮȵţС㣬Լʢӭŵ
ϣϴ󣬲˲κ˴
װģΪҪúϢһ£Ц˵ҪȥԶųΪٷʢ͡
ҵŹϺϣ˵ĴЩﶼ˹ӵġƾԼ޷㵽ôСƷġ
˹ʱ˵ĻҲʮֶˣϣЩСΪܻӭˡĸãһֱҪ¡
ǰһƬãʲôиأ
Сr̵һ·ְɡӵ֣Ҫȥ˹
ô죿Сrȣ㲻ЪЪ𣿡
ЪЪһ£Ҫ֯ĮˡҪŻ֮ǰĴӰ
˹عλһңͲ֯ˡҪ֪ԽԽĮһҪԭ򣬾Щǧͣӵߡ
˵ǡһʮķ֡ȥķ֣ʣʮ֡
Ŀ֡ϣ´ȥ¹ѡ·
ʮӺ˲˰ŵǼõǰĶࡣСһСɡ
һƬ棬һĳţŽ¡
ܿʻ˹ſڡ
ǰһʻҵؿţ˹Ļ԰Ưġ
Ψһеǣǰǿþ޴ֻֻ˺üֻԴͳһתڵС۾žĹâ
˹ӴƳӰȥš
Ŵ򿪺ϣֻһİˡŻɫӣվ˹Ŀ
пˣЦʡ
ţھҪ뿪ˡ˹ŤͷʣҪ뿪𣿡
΢΢һܿͷӦŶԣæתȥһȣֿ첽߹ĲһҲλϡˡ
ôҾ͸ˡ˹ϹǼ¡
һῼǵġ˹˵
ԵĻϣǾ죬е˵֪ģѾرպܳʱˡ
˹û˵Ĺ߲㣬ɫ
־һתӵضϣһۺ󣬴뿪
ϣĿ²³ݡôɫ̵λһǹλ֮ף̡
ǹȰ˹عλġϾ˹ȥĴžͻһֱرաһֱرգûа칫ص㡣
ʧϣת˹һֱԱ߿תһ˿ġ
ôˣϣԼﲻ𣿡
ûвԡ˹߽ɳ¡ԥһ£̲סʣڻ𣿡
ϣ΢΢һ̱죬˵˸û¡
˹΢΢аɣ˵ûоûСһѽ𣬷ϡҿٺۺûáɤһ嵭Ƕȴ򵥴ֱȹǣֱ˴ȡ
ϣ۾ٿԲһΣͷͷŵôأɻ
ĵطѩ׵޵Ŀռһ̯ڵϷһӻɹģ

һе㵣ģ˺ô죿ǻ֯𣿡
֯ʲôߣ֯Ҳöϣ׷ѹ򡣱˵һֻԭ˵򹷡
ֵĴ˹ǳɫɫ΢΢ɴѹϣȥȵذȸ
ȱ΢ڵƻػ󣬴౻ȵϢһͿϣԵ
ۣһ֣һ֣һ֮֡ǰ˵ҪõҾòܡڣҾʮֶпܰ
㻹ôҾѾսˡ
ء輸ϣһѩ׵ĺӲͣʲôƵġ
ϣԻָȥʲô죿
š˹ƺǶϵǼһֱźӣȡҰһֱ겻
ѺиƿһöɫԲ̳˳ƴƺڴߴȥ
ƾ˹ذƿ
Ŷϣζؿ
ȻҲûһһ̯ڵװһԴҩˣȻɹ״ԭص



61 
ϣעżš
ȻڶѨʱѾˡǵʱȫע, ˹ѹϣϾעĶڲйϸϸع۲졣
Ų̫󣬸ӲࡣԲ, װ׵ëסޣеѻһѩȻޣһһ֡
ǼŰ˵ļ䡣뵽Ī˾η
ż˸šk֪ԼȥرȡǮŷžʾԼ
Ƿ, ء
뿴𣿡˹ϣش, ǿаѲץʱ˹е, ͲðԼһȫ׳
, оܱؼĶҲǰӹԸʵС֡
ڣΪֺùĳkһֻ𣿰Ŷȡ, Ǿһֻ򹷡
ɲһǼΪһǿߡֻ԰ǰļš
㡣ͷ˹߬ſǰƣ쵽ͷΡս, һӺ͵ͣ
СһֻһǰЩ, оˡ
ˬۣ̱һ˫Ư۾ռݡϲѿЦ, һ˲Ϊϲա
ագգ, ͫϸĹâ
⡣뱧һ
˹ʶգǸŮ۾
ߣȻϲײɫˡ
һ˫׵ķֳ
ֵŲ㡣תԾ, , ǻǱεһ˫ůС
, ޷ܾͶ˹΢΢е㵣ģŵ¶ʮֵĵ͡
ܿɰأһ㶼ϣ˵ΥĵĻѼǰ΢̵۾ϸϸشżšЩȥϸϸëһ֧š
ͻȻи뷨峣±ĮߣΨһǵĶÿȥ˹ܻĮ߱ϡֱһأ
ţذѴȥ
ŶnožֵؼСǺ촽ԽԽһϡ
һ̣ıͣһװˣŶҲװˣȫɴ۾
Բӱһ顣ѩ׵ϣȥһǳĴӡ
ϣȵۣˣ¶ô
ָûκηӦҲûָӡҲûйЩ˼ػȥ˹ˣҰױˡ㻹ܳ𣿳˻᲻ȱʧ䣿
˹΢΢ӹžһ̬׳Ҳûϵ򿪺ӣֶȥ
иǹϵһ˲䣬˹΢һ£ĿƵϡղƺһɾҵ
»ص˺ٳײбڡù֯ĳһ꺮壬һγů
ŶƽҲҪһǡ
һ
˹ˣʲôʱָأϣʡ
졣
죿ϣЩȣô𣿡
š˹ͷΪһЩ˺һЩҪһָ䡣
⣬ϣ룬̻ʹҪĻع顣ϴ½ҲһѾз˵ʧĴԡkٲͽҲ᲻ġ
ʲô˹һֱؿԼЦʡ
˹˻ָ󣬻᲻һˡ
˹ɳϣ֧°ͣһҲ֪ѸһļƬΣһöӣ
ϣü䣬ᷢѿ𣿡
ᣬÿϾŵʱҲҪϴ˯ʱӾͻĿЩƬηų
ϣ΢΢۾ǹԺÿ˯ҪȿһСӰ
һжѨĴΡ᲻ץڴ˹عλġ
е뷨ЦϣŬЦȥװһжӣ˹ˣҪŪѽһÿ
˹ͷ㵣ĵ飬Ҳġһ˵пܣָҶǳ䵭᲻
ᰡϣԥ˵ҴŻ᲻ˡ
˹һ¡΢΢šüͷʹĸоȥʮضϣ˵
˵ָҶ䵭㡣ǧҪҡֻҪңһϤģ
ϣһ߰ӣаɣͰ͵ġʱҵΰɡ
˹Цһ£ذڻ˵ÿһҡ۶ôҲҪңҲʧġ
ϣ΢΢ۡ˹ͳᵽе˽˵ҲȽŷ

˹ҳѾȫˡŴ˹޶ػصҡһʮ˷ˡԣʮ߷֡
˹ĸ߹ʱ̡عλһʱ䶼޶һ֡˹÷ֲɡԺֻܿˡ
ҪϾȥ޶֣ҹɫһ˼˹ڡÿֻδͣþ˷ˡ
ȫСræȰ˵Ϣһ°ɣҪ̫ƴ
첻ѧüҴڼҾͿԡŮǲҵķ䡣ýҲ졣
ȻСrһԥȥأҲʱعλĹҪѪ㣬Ǽˣô룿
Ҳ̫ʱ䡣ߵ롣˵βһҸҿӭᡣüҲμӡҰ˵ͿԵﱱء
㣬˵ŵһСʱŵʮ㡭糿ҿڱشʮСʱء㹻ˡ
㲻˯𣿡СrɤѾûˣȫ
ûϵ͵ҹˡϣȻӣЦŵ٩Сrô׬ֵϵͳأ룬һ죬ӵ˼ǧֺøֵǾͿä档һһ
ۣСrһ˷ܣ᲻̫˷ˣ
аûǸʱеǷ֣㻨Ūsssrrϵͳ뱬ͬš
ǻʲôȥذСrѹssrӣֱС
ϣصң¥Ѽ˷ųһŮţȥԷ΢㣬ҲҺҽ
΢ЦŶ
Сrʣ㻹Ҫı䷢ɫɫ𣿡
ġϣһ߻װһ߻ش𣬡ҪǲԵûһô𣿡
Сrֳһֲ
ϣžӸϵÿӣΧϺĺΧӦøϲڷԣԺÿμҪһ𷢵ҸһҲٴ׵㡣
𣿡Сrš
ʤްɡϣһͷСrһwinkװģͰɡ
һ΢ϣӾǰʧ
˿ķգգۡ
һϣվ˹ԢĽֵϡ
ϴ½ϰ˵Ǳص賿ĵ㡣ɫһƬڡǹԢһСƵģʮúơҫͬ硣
ҹδԶڵŨƶȴǿάɿټİȫ֮ء
һСӡװŴӳ˳ȡ˺Ҵӱͺͺƽϵ俾⡣ЩԵһ͡
Ĳ߽¥ţϽݡߵ¥¥ݿڣһɾ޴ʹն
ӦͱӵһĻȥȵĴѹ
̫ʱ䣬ֺּϣ׵ˡѹһϣҵ˱
žֻ˴˵ĴϢ
ͻȻžһϣſˡʱҪԽȥˡ
һ̨ŷ￴ǡղϷֵΪ˭ţæԿ׿ǰСǹλŮѾ컹ûá
ǸǸϣɫͨ죬ϹȻڷſڿ˰졣ԷΪǵö༢ʣ̲ס
ѿЦ⡣ʱҲַʱ̡Щ滨ҰⰡɽڰˮϡ
ϣ
ĺܱǸ˵һ飬ߡ
¶һ棬óԿһ߿һߵҪô
ϣһ϶ûˣ⡣
ֱ߽ţϣɿ
ӷŵȼת˵ԺڹҡǲԵġ
Цһ£Լࡣһˡ
˭
񡣡֣;ؼӿ⡣ǰ֮ھҸ֮ҪعλˡϣԺãĹ顣
ȼ¯𣬲֮ůױƷˣҪαװֻ뾡ŪůղƳϣֶˡ
˵ʧˡϣ˼˵
Ͼͻˡ˵
ϣѵΧʹ£ߵ¯ǰʱǴˣ˱أ˲оֲ˱
̫ˣϴ½裬˵˵ѧԺܳʱû֯ˡһܵʽ϶װһ¹ˡ
΢һ£۵ӿһ˿⣬ǰռʱ˵Ǻڰʵͽ˵ѧҵˣھͿ
ϣЦһ£ʱ±ϳϴ½ҵȻ˵ԼڰҾ˵Լ񡣡
һȥȥ𣿡ʡ
ᡣϣɴ˵
Ϊʲô㲻ǹͽ𣿡
ƴάűƽϣҲܴӿɫжŨҵ⡣Цһ£͵ڹ̷ڰɡ
̷ڰô̷ֻȤ
Ҹʳϣָָϵӣһ˻Ҫˮ̷
ֲǳԻЦ֪ҲʳҲԴ
һ֣ԺдСrڰʵϲʳģֻϲʳֻһƬҲ֮£ץס±ߡԣⲻʳǰ͹⡣
ղ¥֡һʮһŶ
ϣգգۣһ˿ڸ۵ףŸղŵĻʣҪʳˮ𣿡
еҪеĲҪͺҪ벻ˮ
ôҪʲôأϣʡ
Ӷ﷭һǣϣǰġܲĳԡ
Ҫǰϣ˼עˮӲǡ´ʱ򣬴Ƥǡ޻ǡ֭ǡǡҬǣǡ
Ƿ
ףϣЩȵ̧ۣҲǡ
Цһ£ҪԡˣҾͿԳԸĶˡ
ʲô
ĿŮ̺ĴϣɤͳԸУϲֳǵķʽԸһԡ
ϣЩ𾪣ˡԷÿһ֣һصϡõ˵˭ܵ˰
ղķ塣ʵ˵ıź뷨棬иԴİɡ
ҪܾСr񺰣ŵҵsssrrǰ
ůİϣ૵
ɵѹڱ¯ߣůĻӳŮõ֭һ졣ֽȡ͸غɫˮǣһֻסգ΢촽һְֻǹͽȥָһ¡
㣬ϣֱԼ޷Ӧԣ˭ġ
Ҫ̣ͷסĴ꣬ڴ΢΢𶯣ͻˡ
ŶҮСr͵͵˵
аɣڷֵķϡ´ٶ˼졣
ϣ֣סĺףǡ

߽
һƽڰ֮ϵĹȺûΪ뿪ʲô仯
Ȼůÿһ䡣覵Ĺ覵ĵ桢覵ӣһҳ֡
ǴŰɫӣֳɫ֦ϴҸЦݹеչ˻԰е䣬еڷַ׵ʥ
ʥ硣סˣԶ鰮ӵΰĲգ䣬ˣ֮
ĮؿһУǳ͸ˮɫ
ļһƬȫ¡
Ϊ㲻áܼסеĵεΡʱӣǣҪǺڰ񣩵ÿһδսոʹϸڣԼûΪ˵ľ
ʧȥǰ׼ͼÿһйԼҵš
һУǱһϣŮˡǶλĵӣᴹǳɫĽë޷ֻܽԺйһȫס
񲻸˽飬ñջ
ȻЩʼ˼ģôֹڴ˰ɡ
ǹ˹˹ˡ
Ͼŵ㣬áԶûкڰûлƻ衣ֻģ޾Ĺ
˹׼ʱ׼޵ĴϡÿյĹɣϸµʱһܡ
Ҫ۾ʱֵͻȻǳۣ·ʲôҪƤٿĿ
룬һӰĹİͣƤ͸һѪнպҶƵĶ
ǳһĨ𾪣֮ǰñס˼䣬ûпһ顣
ΪȻʹýһμֽģÿѪ⹩ǲÿ˯ǰҪʹһ£
žıƣһССѿð˳ѿĸƴѪҺչ
Ӻ˹ޱؿѪҺҪʳʮӣܹѼų
ѪҺ̺޾һѪܹΪʹ
ڣѿƺԶҲʲô侹ȻҪô
ʮԺ˹ڴˣе㲻뿴ˡڴͷ΢΢۾
ʮӺ̰ѿˡԭĸ߶ûʲô仯һָôߡ̵ľϣһʺĻ
ͣÿһ껨궼ܵչ
СʱĽʳһƯС컨
˹˯ˣ˯òʵͻȻҵĴϢŮƿ޷ǿ޵ȵۣ͵ͫӳһɽ˶Ƭǰݡ
µǣǸһ嵭ȴֱҵˣȻԼ
ôܣôֳͼȤζ˷ʱأ
˹ޱȵضſ
СʱԺ󡭡
ô𣿻


62 
صʵ
Ƥɵķ, ڷзתԤʾһܳŵĴ졣
ϣվڴǰ¥ȥԿⰤŵ̵ĳӻѾʼӪҵˡͭϵĸʵĳУϸĽӡ
ص糿ߵϴ½ʮһ롣ϣʱѾеˡմӺͣӪҵ, 嵽׻ǳԲˡ
෢ɬ۾, ھ¥ȥӻˮ˳ЩĥõĿȶźȡЩ
תȥȡ¡
ȥĶס, ΪҪȥˡ
ȥˮĥõĿȶŮڵ۾Ũ, ˵һ˿Ƶ⡣
ϸһһЦ⣬ˣ
ţһ㣬ʮҺȵ㡭ѽϣһһᱻ
һ˯
ʲô
ʱҶԾǺҹһ㶼ڰ˯Ц˵ȵرǰ, ȥ
Ҳ𣿡ϣЩ档
ᡣ˯ֻΪҲϲ
۲Ϊ𣿡ϣЩЦ
šӺ䷢͵͵ĻӦȻص¡׻һƬЩϹϣۡ
ϣٿۣ˯·
˯·𣿡ɻͣ¶·һ룬¶˾ݵ, ס˺ÿƵشë洫ߵ㱼ڤ
Ժ㱼𣿡ϣص˲ƫˡ
, ë˵ͷڵӰ, ·Ҳû𡣡˶, һ·㲻ϲ
Լ, ҸղžǱʾһ¾ȡ
ȻüΣǶûеֿҲ̫ˡԵס۾, ָ￴
ֽ澾·, ͷ¡Ķ, ֳţһ˿׸ⶼûСżֱչϣ첲ϵõ̳ġ·С¶˿Ѫš
ϵ˿ںࡣ¶Ѫ⣬һ𡣿ȥñӳһɫٺۡ
ѵ·ֶڵϡϰźɫĳ˴ϣĺ濴һͷ˹ȥ
ϣһûü㣬͸оȵĴֱأһһ£ϸϸָĽë
ʪǣ¡һƬ谵
ϣգۣЩ˼顣û׹ڱݺˣĵһ㹥ơ
ֽشȥƫƫʱ򣬶Էͣ
΢Ťȥ
ϣɻ˳Ŀ⿴ȥã·͵ؽʢġɺعţƶ䴵÷ɿ졣߲Ӱͽɫ⣬ͬʱӳڵϡ
ϣ˸߸ߵ֮ϣ϶Ϳֵ
ʲô
ǹ¿Ĵšޱػش
ϣһ£ŤͷȥǽϹҵӱʱ붼ְָϡ
ϴ½賿ʮ㣬Ѿµһˡ˹Ե˵šҲ֪ױļûлָ
˹عλָоϷͨԺͻȻصˡϣ֮ǰŬܹӡҲϣԼµӿԿɻܰļزš
˹˻ѡʲôƬأ
΢ػζһںӰͻȻڲԵĿյءϰһѳ򣬿ȥʮֻ
ˡ̧ۻͫӳϰڴϵӡһֵطſڵϣΪԼ˵ĺ¡
˭ʱأġί롣˴ڤ뿪ʱ˵Ե㶫֪˵ĳԸĲһ
عλڤһӶҪΪڳԶҲʱҹ
ڰսһ˲䣬ϣס
ʲô£
˹£֪˹عϢû´УմӿһļЩҲҪġиԹعķӦԼǱߴĽĶ򡣡
ϣһǲǻ
֪ˣ°ɡ˵
ղ̧ͷѶһԵķϣҲƵʧڿ
ָһֽϡ
ϣ˯һʱҽ㡣ʳҸһϣʱ޷һԵʱʵġ
ϣͷѼޱ֪Ҫһ˯һʱ䡣Ƕļ绹ǻῴġ
۾ϸ˼һ¡Ҳ̽Ϣˣֻǿȥ˹ķӣûпʲôϾ˹ܿҪعΧӦûй̻
ĻԽ͵ɾ̫ˡھͶ˹˵ҪԶ뿪٣Ƿ׷ȥҲһ
ֱ
ΪԼýںϣûšһɣ˯Źͷ£˯˹ȥ
ͷţһҳҳļͥƺеšعλûжʮӣ˹ʮΡ
⡣ս֮ѡڤˡѡ񱣴ʵΪˡڹ¹ʵָ
ȴûȬһ˿ڻǻԱͥŻһ֡ǵĹչ
ûʲôɵĵġѾꡣصʤһʱ̫̣֪ѡ
һֽд˸ķӦ
Ƹ֮ʾܸˣѾ׼˴׼ȥףءȻҲ׼һݡ
ЦƸ֮ǽͷݣϾû˭ǮȥƸ֮ն׬ǮֶΣϣҹԽ档
ǻ֮޷Ӧ
֮޷Ӧ
֮޷Ӧ
ⲻ֣룬ʲôǻۣʲôأ֪ˡڰ񣬰ҹû׷׷·ϡ
Ц
е֡˹˵˹Ĺϵһ㣬ҲķϡϾ⻹ˮ˴˶벻
ֶ˼ۺķӦһֽλ֮ǰĶ
kһֱڼңҲûȥʮʮ㣬̵ãԼţСʱ뿪ϣ.ã񿪵Ųӭſڡϣ.ĸСʱ뿪ϰ˵㡭
ĿζϣϣûзӦ
еĸʶһİˡ
ëѻţ΢תſЩ˱˪سס
ԭ֮ǰһֱ˹
ĸСʱʲôҪôã
ܳʱ䣬һĿһֱ֣˹ϣְ֡ôﷺ˾޴⡣
˯Ůᴽģ졣Ƴۣϣ֪ʲôʱ˯˴ߣϾҪȥˡ
һæְ˻ΪŮøˣҪơ
ŷ֣Լʱɢ˳޾ĺӶһɵı¯Ļ΢΢ܿҪϨ
æϢ÷ָ£Լȡ
ûһϣ˯ȥ
ѱӸںã¿ֽжһ֧ëʡϣǸһͿɺպñʣſһҳ
û׿˵֮ǰжϡ
ϣоԼһֲˮ̹ⳡ˯߳һ˻ۣԼһڵС
Цų˵ѽѺů͡ϲ캮ضů紺
ڼˣ
ߵ㡣
ϣۣ͵Ȼ˯ôãϴ½ŵ㣬Ҳ֪˹ûҹ
Ҫȥˡ´شʹ¡ڴһֱ֪ΧҲ׼뿪ʱͻȻʣǰȥˣ
ϣ΢΢һǰȥ˹˼ҡ
ŶȻˡ
ʲô𣿡
˹ܻ˵Ҳϲһļһ
ϣЦһ£˹˽뿪ˡ˵һ˼䣬ҪؼȥˡȥĵԺûˡ
ԭԱһЩ
Ҳ֮СȻǸʱе㳤Ҳǲ̡˹ڰ˶ϡ
ѹϵ˲䱻ɢǡ
ҪˣϣָָϵӣҪʳԵſ뿪Ŷ
̧ۣ컹𣿡
ϣ˵ҪϿˡʱҾһ˵һţ߳ȥʱͷ˻֡
š顱عرգʱеա
΢΢һЩŸߣͿʼ

ϣصң鿴˼˵ļ䡣˹ûã˿
ĺɣƽÿѧύѡ
дСr̾ȻûнҲš
ֻʣ¶ʮһ졣Сrѡ
ôࣿϣϲ
Сr
𣿡
ࡣǰֻʣûڶʮһ컹𣿡
ʮһܿͻȥ⼸ͻȻиˡ
ûиϣЦ˵һֱڹԹ񡣡
ûš
˼СƵһҲ档
Ϊϴ½עҵһһװ֣뿪˿Ӱ졣
Ǹ˼ߵĴ۲ġ׾پͰһرӡԽûûΣԽ᲻עҡ
ƣŮӿЦݣʲôĿ⡣Ҫ֪Ҹ޷ֻƽҲнӽĻᡣ
ô֪Ŀأ
ڲҵ𣿲ʽ񵻸档ŮЦ˵ֵ棬ͨǾ֤ɡأʹĿ⡣
ˣСr˵Ѷں͵ûںͻء

ҹ٣ϣϴϴ£ʪͷᱡİɫ˿˯ȹվھǰ
ÿ֬˴ɫһЩϡȥõʽĲϡ
ֻһҵѣҶҲһ
տ͡ӡ°ʯѺֱĸϡǰͿʼˡ
ֳۣܵĽë΢΢ţ˫ֽһʡ
ΰĹ֮ϴ½֮ҵĵ棬ҽһ췢¶Ľ̻£һõĳɳ
ţ˵ɡһѩĵĮͷ
ϣȵۣϥǰֻûȼС硣ǵɹٵ˼
̧ۣһֻ嵭۾ڰУע
֪˹û뵽ô졣
ղŸ˵ΰĹ⣬ͳˡСr͵͵˵ء
ϣеһ˵ΰĹ֮гˣ˹ûˣ
˹ڽ׵ĴϣǰĿһӡؿһƯҡֽĵɫģҾǰɫġŮڷ룬գŽëоηҲһ档
صֳŲƳһ۴ǰӳĶƬƳһʵеŮǣҪ㱨ô˵ˣ
ʱϾŵӣ׼˯ʱ䡣Ȼ״򲻶ϰѾȸıˡ
޷ȥƬҲǿƷӳۣϢŮĿҲԳüСʱ
ͻֻһܣҲǼ
ʹ۵һƬڣΪջӦ·޵ҷ´˯ߡⲻ֪ķＤҵʵս쳹
ϣ˹Ĵߴ٣򴽣СС˵û뵽Ӧղеţҿʼ˵
ҽûʲôر¡糿˼͹֭ѧУħΡͬѧ˼Сź«ûпΣȥˡСӡڵݳˡ
˹ڶǶԵĿƻŮһۡıһŮÿſƺѾǰˡĸоǣѾָˣ͸ûϵˡ
˹ˣһ㰡ӡɽĻ֮ʻڼ
ϳ˼ŷϺȵӱӣٱŮҲ²ػ㱨ĺθڡ
ƺȫ磬ֻһӵμ䡣
˹һάŵŮ˵һ߿¼Ƭ˵ʵˣտʼ޷ֱӵĻ棬ھûϾＸСʱ࣬ŻȤġ
û˸һۺУеį
ղų˹֭ǡҬر
ôණӦúɡûйһߵ𣿡ͻȻŮı
ϣȵ̧ۣߵѣûҪҹĵѽҶúܺáһ£һѾҵµΪҲӦȥҲرҪѣԾνˡ
˹΢΢һǸҵµرҪӦþˡ
ҪૣĿⲻͶƬϡôˣҪ
ҪŮɤػش𣬡Ϊһкܶء
˹ϡǸֱ׳ı飬Ů


63 
, ϲһssrҡ
ģϣʱϲѻ°ʯտ͡ӺͰһ롣
Сrѵ÷ԭ򵽹
Ըת䣺տʼʱĮЩջ𡣿˵ڶв, ӿһЩ̽˵ʱ, еͷ˵ı˽ۺС
ףǵĻôܰ𣿡ϣɻ
пܰɣСr˵Ҿ˹ֱ, ѡĻӦöǴѩġ
һ㣬Щ䶼Ǹ˼ΪͳĹ񿴵ġ϶ѡЩ̼ġԺú, ʱ򣬿԰ѻⲿֻ˵ԼӷŶ
, ˵еϣһ˼, ǣֶҪ˵ǲԵˣ϶ѡһЩĻ䡣롭
Ļ
, ˡһеġֻʱûע⵽ʲôΰĵط
, ʼдħĿκҵ, һĵ档ҵҪˮ¼, ֻҪдʱĲ˵ݾͿˡ
ϣ룬ûдɹٻֻдڵ, Լһݡ
ڶ, ϣҵȥ, ȥˡ
κһϢ
԰һƻˡΪǳѵ, ԺΪȡ˲ιۻᡣ, Ҫһһ꼶ȥ
ܹ꼶, ˡС˵
ԣڵͷһ졣
Ϊʲô
õһȥ𣿡
ԭûʲôǱ󣬸оʧһڡʦǷ׷׽
ǵأĽ̨ʵȥľǡȥһ嶼ûС
ƻ꿪꼶ʦǣĦָ߲εĶϻʦʸûУȥҲʹո֡
ǿԼ𣿡иŮʡ
Ȼܣ˵ȥĵطһƫƧĻ԰Զء
ڣһ˾ʣȻһ۾ܶôһأ᲻ֱӱʹ
ԥһ£סǣ岻ԭƻὫֵܷߣ֣
ԣƻȻڸ߲εƷǳԵֻ޷ܡ
Ŷ޷ܣôеĽƻʦ˵
к֣ܶеε˵̰ɫŭȵȶƻµֻĶ
ǲƤƤϺϣŴһЦƳ˼ء
ϣüоƺ˽ƻ
ǲΪһûɹƤƤϺŪģôһλֱӰǸ
ˣˡڰѽ̰ڸ첲£¿ΰɣǡ죬ǿýѧꡣؼҲҪϰˮǼͥҵ
ϣͷҵСϣŴһ߳ҡ
ӭ߹ħѧĺڣһдֵֽҵе⡣
ʲôⰡϣһɻ
ǣе̫ƽˡڰҵݸ
ܰҶôд
㿴ҵϵ˵㣬ϳʲôʲôֳʲôʲô硭ر𣿡
ǣһ찡ϣ˵
֮ҵҪһȥҪٸһΡǵã˵ȵĶ
ȵģϣãȻ۾
ԣͷȵĵȥĥĥҵ콻ҡ
аɡϣҵת¥ݡ
ڿıӰʧæŤͷԿ˵ˣ԰ɣ
ֳһˣϳԽ׵ĳǳפ辵İb
ԡͷ
ԥһ£ԲҲǣĻΪͽĵƽһȥͰѧ鷭ÿһεĵ涼ȡ
bζؿһۣ㲻á

ϣѲʽĲϷڵһʱͻȻе㲻ԡ
ֶҵϸҪ
Ȼǡۼȥϴʱ˼ҵֽʱһλûдֽ¶ҡҡͷ
ʱûרõֽҶñֽһֱðֽҵĿģΪԼŪϴҵС
ÿôܾҵƽûأ
нģۡ
һͷĳ££Ժ͵͵һ١һűʯӹ̶סɢż鷢崿ɰһЩ顣
ϣ˫ֽգһΰо΢žһֻƯĵɫ۾ͷ
ϣգգëʱ¶һ㾪·˵ôˡ
۾ı󴫳˹ɤ㡣
ϣⲻǵһ
ԣҡҵĽ˵ҵҵϸдΪõʲȡ
š
˵˼ϣ붮ʶ˹ʱҲϧ䵭
ǣҾͿʼ˵ҵճ
š
죬ûг̫ණŮһ߻䣬һ߻˵Ρ˱ˮҵһûпʼ
ɡ˹˵
ڣϣе㾪ȣ
ţȥϴҲԡ˹˵ˮҪõԡɣ
ϣžȵĿ⡣ŵssrڵ˹ÿһı䶼Ϊssrҡ
Ҫ𣿡ŮͷʣɤŴŴڱϵ޻ǡ
ɫ΢٣Ĭ󣬴˹Ҳǲԡ
¹ԵĿͻȻ𶯣ƺʲô˺ѿһ¶İ׹⡣һӰ˳ȫʵ
ʵҲȫزסԿɱϷĴ塣ڵᣬ¶ɫϸϸƺܿ壬ƺ塣
µװϣеЦѾͬ㱼ˡ
ģȴװźı飬ÿϧΪԿϲĹӡ
΢һ£ͷӿһİĸоǿаѹȥɤĮ಻ֱ񡣡
ûֱӰŮӿίСǣ͸ղʱҿһС¡һֱ¹ˡ
˹Ĭ룬ƺΪղŵͣҵĳƽûʲôɺġ
ƽƽ
ҾòǡŮ̧ɫèۣ˹һ£ƻ¹񡣡ҸоǺܿء
Ů뿴ֲҿģʲôͱһ࣬еǵĸо
򴽣ֱҵġ
ϣ̧ۣõЦ⣬⡣
˹΢΢һŮۣﱻڸǵһ˫۾صһе벦ڵǷһ
űҲúܺÿŮЦӯӯسޡ
˹û˵ת߽ڵϴҡ
ϣȥΪ򡣡
鷳˹עڵϴң˵⡣
£ССĿռըһ̫Ĺ˲ȥ
ϣվſڣΪԴ̫㣬̵۾ۣۡ
˹ƳĶĬĬذѹһЩȻȡ
ϣе𺳣˵Ҫй⣬Ǿ˹⡣
ˮ˹˵
ţϣɻؿΪҪԡõˮ׼˵ȥŮ׼ˮϵͷ͡ðˮ
ȥɣҵ
ôѽϣˮ£ſһ㣬˯ȹͱʪ˱Ե
˹֣ŵڿдһɫַ
ϣգգۣоĪϤ
Цһ£ʶһλѣҲϲдСҲõĽɫ
λҪ𣿡˹ʡ
ѽŮЦӯӯ˵
˹ᴹۣĿԼϡһԵİ̺ۡܺ죬һġٹӣҪһ仨
ѪҺĻ䣬һ۵ˣȴ˵ǸҪˡ
еЦȻΪʱľ޴ֲֵһᡣһ֤ˣҲŵĶ
Ƽ򵥣Ƿǳķ˵ΪҪѣȥھԼõĶ
𣿡ϣЩɻתͷԸΪѣкܶడ
˹
Ů̺ĴŶӵ˵رģԣҲҪˡ
˹͸ŮġŰɫĳȹӣŽ¶ϸСվ޹Ҳܴ顣
ӦúǿĪʧˡƺÿһ綼ϡ
ᴹĿ⣬ƺˡعλӦѸ˹ľޡ
ǶԶƬĺ棬ԼΪ˹Ĳʣ֯һ𣬻ӽɡ
еˡû뵽ŮӰ쾹Ȼôһһİ
е֡عλٱӰ˰
һô𣿡Ա߶ŵĮԭúõڹϡǰȡˡ
ͷȥĴӡЦе˵ϲŮŮҪΪƽͨ񴲵·
Ŷ
ϣ̧ۿڿѧЩ𡣿Ӧǹư档һ飬һĬ棬ͣһ𣬰
ǡ
ԣһҪһٿ㡣˹
ϣķһѡ
з΢ۡһһ͸Ķͷſһɡؿˮһֱı򣬾ʲô
ߵˮ·ԡ˹˵
ϣһͷĿСˮŲȥ
ˮȻ䣬ͷ·˰ɡһ㶼ûȥ
ۣ۷Ź⣬ġû˵꣬ˮ˲ʪ͸ϵӱˮ䣬ͷɢεذϡ
æܳˮΧ¼ϵë۾
е㲻־á˹Ц˵
ϣƺǹġӦ֪֧Ų˼ɣ
۾ȥͷֲһԳܳʱɣ
š˹ͷʶƳһ֣κ鶼ܳ־á
ϴ⣬ӷˡһ˾¡ҹŵ㣬ֵ˷ѿʱ䡣
˹־ʹʲôҪƤƵġšüץ֣ʹࡣ
ڲÿζ۰Сʱƺ͵һѿһ㡣ܿķѿȻѪò˼ξҪûˡ
ϴҵһֱɽϤĳٴγ֡
Ȼ˺üˣÿεĿ̲ס¿һ顣
˹˴ǲԵġŮʧ˵
ʲôԣҲϲ𣿡
֮䲻ദġ
ôദҵദ𣿡˹ظ壬Ҫࡣ
ڿʲôϣһ߲ͷһߺʡ
˹ое㷢Ŀջ̹ϵػش𣬡һμ䡣
䣿ϣװû
ţÿ춼ῴһμ䡣
ÿ쿴ĶһǺðɣϣЦе˵ҲǴģɾּܰ䡣
˹
һ𿴰Ů̾
˹
ϣѲͷëǽϡͷɣʪĺһ
˯ʪ͸͸عϡ¶װɫĽ¡ֵԸУΪˡ
ǽɡЦ˵
š˹ͷһСߵˮ¡
ͺһ˳ȥٶȱظղŵӡ
ǿɶ񡣡Ůݵë۾ͷ
һ˲鷳һҪʪСr̲ס˵
˰ɣϣøëšͷ㵱ѧʪ̫ˣȫޡְֻʪɵ󣬲Ż
˹ڲҿֿ̲ס̽
ϣͷۣͷȻչ
ת˹գŨܵĽëСԹһðܲܽ̽ң
˹͸΢Ŀ͸˯ȹͣ˼롣ŮŰ˯ȹǻ״ģ˿ڡСۡСȣ¶Ƥ͸
õķŹŮǰһμ䣬ʵˡ
ĺ΢΢£ߴӰŮӵỽ˹ˡ
ڡػӦ
˹ˡ
ڡ
ѽŮűԹ
ʵõĽ֯ɫһЩ񱩷ǰգӿŰơ
ϣشǰһϹЦ˵ʱǽоʮֱŤǻƺɣˣǡ˹ˣ
ѾܽˡҪһվţûбܸܿоԷһֱ
̽ţָشϷĻơǹһ
ϸ׵ָڰɫϻ˹ĺһЩоĻš
ѹİǷ͡ԱɽľܸѹƵʮѡ
е˹⡣˽ĪԼʲôѹ
ϣþգᴥ»ƣͰϸ׵ָȥ
˹ѲڹΪ
ûϲ񡣡
˹仰ڸǼǰصɸѡһ顣һҪϢȡ˳Ů˹ǹɲֹʶһ
Уֻϲ𣿡
԰ϣԥ˵ϴ½ˣȻֻϲϴ½
ôأ
񣿡ŮüŶҲϲֻϲ񡣡
˹һЦܲ仰
ʵͦ˵ġһſڴ
ϣһŤͷ
˹бſ򣬲֪Ƕá
Ŀ⣬ɢһЦΪ֪仰Ǽٵġ


64 
ϴҵͷˮˮڵ, ˮĽɫ
ʪˣЦЦôԡplayץ
ˡ
˹͸ŸմӺ׳, ͷˮ˵˹
ô, 𣿸ԼŪô˹ЦŴƹȥ, ִϣͷļȡԡৡһչϡ
, , ޲ðľͷ˿¶źá
Ҫ͸ˡϣæ˵
˹ԡͷҲڵʱ, ˵棿
û, ϣ󾽣˵ϰˮ
۵ӵı, ϰˮϵҹ񣿶Բе㲻һܸʲô
ϣ
ƺ㾭ҵء˹Ƶ˵
˹ٿת, ǹż, ôϴ½ˣһ˹ҵ, Ҳû˰ѷ˰
, ´һ˹, Ц˵㲻úڣʲô
Ҫ׼˹˹ɤ嵭ûŪͽļҡ
Ҳҵļҡ˹Цˡ
ʲô˹һʱûס
˹ָָأҵķ䡣ָָԡףҵĴס˺ܾˡ㲻ţҿ԰ټֳ㿴
Ļ䣬ϴɫǵ㡣СĿռ乴ճܶ佻֯һ
˹ޱشЩټߣԿó˹˲ֹһ졣Щееǳʱĳ̡
Ϊʲôסԡף
˹ɿһ˿ͷǰҸԸһֻ㣬ʲô𣿡
һʱ侲ĬֻͷˮϣͻȻʱһʱ˵⡣ˮģ
ʮ˹һƽû⣬Ȼĸ˰á˵עһټߣȻ´ٰݷðɡ
˹ŤͷϣɤҾҵλǲϸ񡣡
ϣ̲סһΰĹȻѧᱨˡ˹ʲôأ
˹ӿʧ˹ת䣬ô£ô
ϣ˼˹ʧĵطʻ̧ۣ˵ˡڲ񵻸ҵѧʱҲϸ
Ȼɹˡ˵ҵҵбˮҪһ¡ʣµͿˡ
˹ЦһĸôϲΪͽ㵱ɵ𣿡
ô˵Ϊʲôأ˹ϣ۾ʡ
˹΢΢һǲ֪˭ˣӡУϣӦ֪¡
Ӧ֪ˡϣ˵˹ȥ˹ˡԵһźʧܾõĹˡ뵽ҳʱ򣬸ڲݱʹϮԡ
֪ҩʦ˹ٻΪ˸Ļ᣿˹¶⡣ϣͺܿز䣬ҿˡ
ǲأ˹ϣͣϵĻƣһ»ơ
ΪʲôҪأ
ȷһǲ˹ˡҸ
ôȷϳɹ𣿡˹ʡ
ȷϳɹˣܺƢ·ǡϣһ¡
ǰ涼˵Ի˹ġֻġ룬˭ˡ˵˴󲿷Ҹľ
˹ۣ̾ͻָƽⲻܷ֡Ը񡣹Ů֮顣ܰΪʱĵĴȫƸ㣬ֻѡΪʲôԺ󣬻أ
Ϊ˹ڳһǰһӡ
Ѫ⹩䣿˹΢΢ۡ
ĬһЦ˵˳Ծû뵽Ǹֽ֡޷ÿ춼һѿҧģʳѪ⡣
֪ѡʲô䣿˹һ˿ζ֪ģûɡѡȤģܿͿˡֲ㡣춼ÿһԼݵϷ磬ܶŮǲ𣿡
ϣû˵ᴹŽëһ˼ģ
ôˣ˹ʡ
ҵҵַˣϣ̾ղˣ˹˵ҵϸ񡣡
˹Цȥ
ʲô
ʽˮ¼øǽڿ룬һӦ㣬˵ϸ񡣶˹ǱߣҲȥһĽڣΪѡ
ۣ˹Ҳ̫˰ɡϣ˫ֺʮ۾ʱûг룬ٴε
ûʽϡʽҪĲǴˮƬûкƬ
С˹֣տյ˲ּƬɫľ塣ϴżֺЦûһһˡԼṩҵ档
ϣЦݣ˹ùƬ㿿סΧԡ߳ϴңȥʽõİ
İ˹綼ˣҾһͽ
˹Ҳ߳ϴңעıӰЦ˵Ȼֻ֪˵˵һǺܸˡ
ģ˹ϣתôһ죬Ҿֻһ˵ͽ
Ȼһ˶೤ʱ䡣޵һŬΪ㴫̡˽Ӱ࣬ҵҲߵͷҾ͸ϽȥڤΪˣͽòã
˹ؿʲôҲû˵Ӻ첽߹ȥǳǳСĵȥ
֡Сr˵
ϣ۾ôģ־Ѿ߷ˡӡȫĸ߷ֺ˹ġ˹ڲģһġ
˹ûƽҵǡֻ˱¾ͷֿˡ
ȥ׼ʽɡͷ
һ˵ڰ񱻺˹ж೤೤ͽˡ
𣬡ϣüڰͽ˹𣿡
Сr
οǺͽ
ϣһʽȹӡһˮƬڴͷŰڴϡΪʲôʽǴˮأƬҿ⡣
˹ѿ¼ˮϣһЦΪʲôҾϲ
ϣϹ£ΪƬȨˮԣҲˮҲ
˹˵ǽǣˮղĵطվãʼɣ˵ʵͦҪʲô
Ҫ𣿡ϣЩȡ
ԣ˹ЦŵͷҲһӦ֪ģͽǽԼԸҾÿԣͻȥ
ϣ˼˵
ˮʼˡæ˫ס򣬵ͷۣΰĺ֮״󺣵ˣǺ֧ߣҵ
оеһɻζƮǼ⡣ۣеİȼССĻ硣æ̧ͷһֻˮɫƯ۾ؿ
ͬıע
ϣװȵգգۣǺ𣿡
ˮ۾ᡰšһ
˵ΪʲôԸӦ𣿡ϣʡ
ˮ۾Цһ£˵˵
ҪƯ顣˵һ
ԡ
ˮ۾䣬ϣǰһɫꡣ˹ʱ͸һ
һ˲ٵĹȦΪ߹ʺҲֻӵһŽ顣Ϊͷ
ڣϵ̺ϣĶǽ顣Ŀ⴮һ𣬿ƲȦ
Ҫʲô۾ʡ
ҪΪʹϣʨӴ󿪿ڡ
ԡ۾û˿ԥشӦ
һ΢£ϣоǵλرʲôʼһֳһƵͼһ¡
ৡ죬չһɫᡣһŪ
رĴ󣬱ʹ򶼴ÿһë貵ĹһСطš
ҪĶ𣿡۾ʡ
ϣĿӳƻ۾ͻȻͽĸо
ͬǣǸĺΪӲϱ仯Ҫ󣬶ԽԽӿ۾ʼնƽҴЦ⡣
Ҳʹˣ񡣡Ů˵
񰡣ôأ۾Цʡ
ɷ򡣡ϣʼ˵˵֪˹ԼˮĻ档Щֳֻ¶ͷٻĻ档Ժ޸غ
Ҳɡ۾Ц˵
Ӧϣ΢΢е㾪ȡڿڲ٣ôȥ˹
еͷû꣬ͷͻȻˮûʧУˮûǺסɤӣƽشȥʵķС
ȵط֣Լָ³롣˫ȱ˷ɫβ
ϣǰ˹ϤĽݵ£ŴƬĺʹϳŲͬĿɫᣬͷ­һ˳ӵӡ
ϣֲ֪ʲôʱ򣬺ȨС貵ʯȨȣĹԡ
ô𣿡Ц
ȥ˹վԣ΢΢
ⲻİɣʡ
˵أ󡣡
ϣ߿ȥ˹͸ıִúõشϡ
ģϣȡ
š
ЩʹҲģϣȡ
š
ϣ½ĿͶ¹ŵʹǡðɡҹôȺݡ
ǡ
һۼؿˮÿһ鷢ʲôܸӦ
׷ȺСϪССɳ档Ȩ죬ƺͽĵҪ
ɫĺˮ˳ӵֱռһġЩں׵ľ޴ĺ׳ġ
ĺˬеᵽΪʲôһʨӴ󿪿ڡԸʵ֣Ļ̰
ҪȥˡõһŮ˵
ȥ˹е㾪ȣﲻ𣿡
ܺãҸϲ½ءϣ˫ְȨȵݸ
˹תһ˿ӡһһЦİѺȨø㡣Ҫ֪ʹֻĺ񡣡
ǲϷϣŵؽƵʹǵϣƻ
ȻǣǳΪõ¾ɺϢ˹˵ȻҴģҲǵġֻȨ
ĺ񣿡ϣ𾪵ʡ
ǡ˹Ц˵㻹Ҫȥ𣿡
ȻҪءϣ˵ȥðѸղûıˮҵˡǸҲˮ¼
˶ĵλΪ˻ȥҵ˹Щ⡣
ϣЦ˵е㲻˹ôˣЩֲҡο¡һλѺúܺáҹһͺܺˡ
˹۾עһ𣬡ɡ
ʲô
ҵ˹֣΢ۣһһˮ򡣡¼
𣿡ϣһֹţһ˱ˮ
һ޴ɫĹ⣬ǰĺˮһЩСĴ㣬мֻ˿յСƴӣԾԱߵĺ
ϣԲ۾ȵעмֱģоͨһ˵ĵ·ⲻĦֺ
ôģҼǵϴңֻܰˮ롣
ΪڻǺӵȻһ˹Ц˵
ԭˣϣͷ¼𣿡
š
ǻؼҰɡ
á˹ͷǣסϣ֡
һ˲ǰʧһ֮䣬ϣֻص
ڴϣеϨˡ̧ͷ񽵵۾ʧˡǸڲٵĹŮ
һ־޴ĿϮеصªСӵĸоˡ
𣿡֪ʱ˹վԣͷ
ȤͷƳ˴ɢĽ飬ѽˣһΪǻþ
˹ЦĳȨûˣٲ飬һô
ϣһڿ˹Ļ̧ͷĳ򣿸ղڶԸҰĳ򣿡
ţԭҪС㰲ϡ˹˵
ۣô۰ϣЦȥ
վˮɫ۾۲
ϲõһssrҺֺøֵСrɤﷺżĲ
ôôࣿ
㿴Сrѵ÷ԭڹ
ĺøֵ֣û뵽ҵСͽӵнӰġԭΪǸĵĹڲ֪ŻĴͷʵǽġǲΪĻļ᲻ɴݣ
Ϊʲôͽţϣʡ
ΪΪͽСr˵ղûжȨ𣿡
ûУϣ˵һΪڿЦڶĶԳΪ񲻸Ȥ˵ʵҶԺе־֢ҳԲ˯á
ߺڰȨأСrʡ
ϣһ½ϵĻ治һǲԸ⡣ȱӦеʡ
Ҳ޷ƽĹϵҸ޷֤ԴҸʵǸƽˣ˴£ûҰġֻҪͨˡ
ʲôͨ
лǮ˯⣬ӵо˵òͽ塣ֻҪʵ޻ֿ
СrһĬһٽ˵ssrҰɡһössrңԸһ̣ʵԸˡõרһֿģֽһ
ԭϣһ˼һΪղڿЦ
㣬޸ˡ˹ˮ򽻸ϣ

ڶ죬ϣҵȥƽضȹһѧϰ
֪ˮ˲ϴ½ķơ
ħںûõֽҵõˮɻص㿪Ӳûɵ
Ȼ˹ıֻֽҪ˭أӽĹȣû¿Ҳͦġ
糿ͱֽͷһҹλº񡿵شŸͬչҵۡ
Ϊܺڲ˷ϾмλǰȻȨǻںסҲ˭ѱҲ˵׼
˭أ²⡣ں֮񣿺֮֮
˵ˣҲûáҲֲܴġҪһ¼ʮҵнˮˡ
ڡ
˭˵޹أ
ⲻѧ
º񣿺Լࡣ
ͬ״ħϷһ顣ѧӽǷĦֺͣӽǲ۾ƬԼĶƺˣȻôֻþأ
ˮܿͽԺԺ
ͬʱңԶıأ˹µı棬ɫ
ҹеĺһ˲ӿˣһ޸衣µĺ񼣡ûһͬٴ֡
뺣̽˵˹֮λøһģӰݡͿͺŮǣ»عλ
һĨ˼ʳָ΢ڷϵ¡
Ů


65 
ϣоԴϽҵ, ħںڶԴ̬Ⱦͷǳ֡
ô˵أе̫Щη塣
˹ȷ, ˮûв÷ŵĻɣ˹ģ˵ΪԷųġ
ΪԷųģʵ仰ǳԻԡСr˵Ϊ÷ŵģҲΪԷŵġ
Ҿĺ˽⺣񰡡ҲôΪ, ԻԺܴ󡣡
ҸһңбֽֻҪкţͻôϢҵ, 벻˽Ҳѡ
ϣһԺСrһ߳ѧԺšе, Ȼ
ʶŲԼٶ߹ȥһҲСĿȵĶ
ǸչֳЧŪΡºٷ֮ʮȷͨʦп
Զ, ԼȻ, ҲǮĹϵһʽ, Ͳˡ
յҼĵСͱǩ, رϲɫӳȹһĳ, Це˵
ԭյӺصز, صعл, ϣɿ
ǩ, ÿһ֧ź, 㡢㡢С, ܱ»ѧ֪ʶ֮ĺϲԣȥԵ⡣ҵĻ񡣡
ƣҽ췢нˮӿڴͳһСǮ˻ΡǮײ
ϣգգۣһĸо̫һ񡭡
ιû˼˵һֲһǮΣԵ⣡Ҹ㰡ҺСġܴõ͵Ļᡣ
ðɡϣЦ˵
ֻһٻ񵰸⣬Ҳûʲô򵱳һͨĴˣǰദͺˡ
ףȥ𣿡ûȵʡ
ֲԶȻȥֵ˵ôˣѡרҵġ
Ǯˣ̫ˡϣֱ˵
΢΢۾ҭ˼󣬡ðɣҲ֪ɡΪĲòŲˡǮΪʲôôô벻
ΪΨһϷѽϣȻػش
㻹ǸԹ𣿡ʡ
Է˹ϣ裬Ҳɡʱʱ
Цһ£ģҿɶԹû뷨볶˵˵ǵˣƣǸСݡ
ǼҵʵˡҽߵʱʽͿϿɺóˡ
ϣ˳ָķȥȻСݡƾһʻƵĴʣſڰڷһСʡû߹ȥ͸оڳ
߽ݣҸλ¡ѡڲǰλá
عͷ߬СǮһԥѡ⡣ۿǱȨȣһΪͨС
ûһϲ̶˹
ƣƷΪҾԳԡ˵һѵˮ
ϣƳһ񹷿һԳƷΪ𺳡ɶڶƸҲĻôôأѵΪ
лϹԼǷݣͷ̳
̻ɫĵͿһʽ
ȷܺóԣ壬ζ¡ĬĬסҵ꣬´ȥصʱ򣬸ҵĵԡ
һ͹ڲƬˮȥϤˮú˵ʱ򣬺˹ļؼۡ
룬۾һȥţ͹һ³ˡ
ͷת߻ع̨
ϣ𺳵⣬ǲ񰡣
Ҫȥιƻ𣿡Сʡ
ǡϣ̧ۣĿƳӡĵƺڳ֮ǰһһѾˡ
ǿƻȤ²˵ˣûժĹʵ
Ϊʲôϣòһ䡣
ƻǸ߲εĲʦһ۾ںֵĻƽ𡣡
ȻмУûŪóѧֵͽǮֵһǧܽÿ˶õ
̰ֻһ㣬ƻȻ̰Ĺʵ
ϣ˵
õƻ𣿡Цʣõа취Ŷ
ϣ΢΢һҲõ
Ŷˣź˵ʵ취ܼ򵥡ӿƻһɲǣԼһҪ취ԼҪƻͷѡ֪ģһ졣
ܼ򵥣Ҳѡϣ˵ûԹ𣿡
ûлᣬ˵ƻֲǵһοŲιۡ
ֲģϣʡ
ѽ쵽˰͵վ۾ǽҵӱ죬Ҹֽ
Ҫȥ򼦵𣿡ϣŵ߹ݸһֽ
ʣĵװȥ˵´μİɡǮˣǵҪŶ
áϣĻû˵꣬Ϳٴܳ˵ꡣ
ЦееƲСӣǸгĹ
ʶ𣿡ϣʡ
Ȼ˺ܺáÿ϶ѽ̸ĺѧϰЩϲѧĺѧ֣ҵĹƼá
ɣʵǮ顢ֽͱʷָĺˡԼõĲ־ͺˡ㿴ղŰѳʣĵǰɣ
šϣͷ
ʣµİ鵰һڡ
ôãϣȣỵ𣿡
ʦа취ġ

˹˹ϣؼҺ
˹ɳƬæվѸսŵŮһקٴ𣿳𣿡
ǣϣʣ𣿡
񣿡˹΢΢һǧǰУǺΪûͽˡʲô
ôóԲϷ𣿡ϣʡ
ᡣ˹˵꣬۲Ƹֶκͻ̫ˡûص񣬱Ƹǻۡ˺Ͱ飬Ҳɵй
Ŷ˵ժƻķṵ̂˾ժƻ
Ҳ֪˹šһüͷôˣ˭ˣ
һˣҲʶҵġ
ţôˣ
ǵðɣһһͷΡʵΪҿһȨȡ
˹΢΢һȷ
šϣһ£ʶڵºгֻ˹Ϊȥص¡
ʮӺ˹Ϊ࣬ǻ֮񡣵ô׾ֲ̫񡣡
ȻļӴӦֻɺϡҺ˹ĴڣȤˡ
ǲҪƻϣʣȥιƻҡժƻķ
˹˼һ֮˵Ļһ䶼ҪšԺ㣬ͰҸ󱬡һһʱϵߵġ
ǻ֮ǻ𣿡ϣʡ
˹Цûкû֮֡kµʱһ̵kǻġkµʱһ̾ǺõġԺһ޷ĥ
Ҷԣǻ۶£ôǻһἯ֮Ըġ
ϣֱյͷϣķ˿һů͵ɫʡ
ŵűĻƺҲֻʱڵĺӵԶη塣
ǧ꺣Ȼɸߴǳ˵Ƿ̺ʹԲκ֮ǰհǰ˺ȨסҲݴϲ
õʱõ

УϣŹǷ߳šҪýͬһˡΪĿ˰Ѽ˳
׳ܼһָֻšϣ߹ȥſڿС̳Ļ
ϣֵ洫һͳһԵ
ϣͷƤ˲䷢飬̧ۣһɫۣ̬ؿһһ̶롣
ʶŤͷ¥ҵĴı˹
ô߹ȥʣϵĽŸ޷ΡһڣͷǺڵģ۾ҲǺڵģֱܸˡ
õģЦû˿üң
ϣĵľ
С㣬ǿˡץԾ°е̶š
ϳϣС˵תٳȥ
Ṵȥ
ʼѧԺķܣһÿøߴˡ
뿪֣ϣŷĵؿΪʲôͻȻң
ҵü죬˵Ҳ챾ϻˡ
ϣһʱһһ£ټ˹ˣûʱ俴챾
Ǹеæ
šǣԭ
סĵطԶĽֵһӡ߹ֻҪӡرõظ
ðѵַңȥ㡣ϣ˵Ҫڲٴأ
еƺԸ٣Ķʱеơ
ϣȻʲôɤŵ˵㣬֪»عλٿǵkءϴȥ˹ͱˡ
Ҳܣֻڷ㡣𣿡
ľɿӹĲϴǳİӰ񲻱Сޣ󿴿Ĺ⡣
ϣһӾðɣһԵܰ
иǵŮ򵥵һ仰ɢڵ͸ڱһҴҡ
˵أϣЦ˵㻹ʲôڱصҲһİ
һƵЦһ£ͬһУر𡣡
ϣСȸԼ¡Сǹôã˭ס
ҪȥѧԺϿΣȻȥɡһѧ㡣
ţݸһŵõֽҵĵַ˽ơѰ·˲뿪ͷǶ㲻
·أϣֻ
á
Ŷ
ϣеʧ飬΢˹šܿͰͷѹȥ
ڽӽʱʶӱܣѡԼĲᱻ˺һ档Ҳ⡣
ɫѧԺԽԽ
򴽣ˡ
šϣͷ
һһ
ôˣЦʡ
ûʲô˵
ʵѧͻȻһֱùһڸ顣
ڱڵȴ˹Ҳڵȴϴ½Ӳѵȴˡ
ֲöʹ͵͵еĵʯ.ƣ.Ƣ.
Ϊڵȴȴͷķ𣬵ȴ챾µּ
ѻƱŮͷѧ嵰ˣԡ
ϣ΢΢ۣû飬ʹҴʧˡ
һŶ
ʲôʱӵģϣȡ
ڰ񿴼ĵһۣӿϲСrԭڹҪǺڰͰѷջ
Ϊʲô
ΪղſӦĸоСͻȻţҸôɫذŪߡ
ϣ
ǧholdסҪ֪һֱסŶ̫Ҳ󡣡

ƯĻ԰ﳤݡĿ԰ĵĽƻ
ף׳üֲΧïʢУֻӤȭͷĽƻ
ôСϣ̾ߵÿһ˶ͬһͷ
֪˭Ⱥ˵һ䣬˵˿СʱĽƻȻͻƿ׵ĲΡ
ļٵİһʱ䣬˵Ŀⶼң۰ͰͳŽƻͼһ仨
ڣƻôߣôժƻʡ
ɵ𣿡һѧӲ磬ˣ᲻𣿵ȻǷȥ
ǣӵĽЦ˵ˣܶ඼ͨˡΪ߹Ʒʱѡν
ôժأһ顣
Ҫժƻֻѡˡ
ôңڴȥ𣿡
ҲǿڴҲǼЦǺǵ˵˵׼ˡǶҪؼԿҲƻڴϵء
ۡȺ̾ž˱Թ⣬һҪȥժһͺˡ
ѽҲô롣
ҲǡôƯĽƻտһ۾ͺӵа
ϣһֻȤ˵ӽûκûϽûеõƻ
Ϊ˲鷳£ȺڣæװԽƻ뷨
ԲģҲõء
ͷֵҰմԺﱼȥͻȻһƬããеѧͽڶˡֻʣһýƻһ
һʱӦ΢ſǰ쳣
ɣѡһɡһ
͵תͫӳһɫƤꡣ۾Ĺ⣬һöССĽƻΡ
ѡʲôʶʡ
ѡһǵˮ˵һֱۣǰһŷˮӡ
ʡݮСɳҡݮ
Ϊʲô
ѡͿԴȥˡ˵ȻԶɡûҵõطҲܡ
ϣ΢΢һǲѡǱʶʮΣա
ǿƻΪʲôһᵽ
⣬ƲƲ죬ֻ룬ѡҾˡ
ʡϣû˼ѿڶ
Ȥϣ΢΢һЦ׼˵ʲôɫͻȻһ䣬ԣҵĽƻһ
ҿûáϣһ
֪ƻġǸ˿ûСӿһջ𺣬ɶС͵
תƻȥ˲ʧڰɫ
ϣ
ʲô˼ѡͰųȥ


66 
ϣһ޼ѩ׵ĵĵ, ͷǹ졣
ֻһþ޴ƻµһˮҶ紵ġ졣°߲Ӱˮϡ
ѾʧˣֻʣݮСɳҺͲݮÿˮǳʱ, ͸źóԵӡ
Сr, ԿԴ𣿡ϣʡ
ԹˣССr˵
, Ĺֱˡ˹ϳɵĻǲа
˹ϳϵͳСr
ʹ졣ϣӿڴ﷭һöСһաС˲촷ۣƮɢڷС
һ, Щźգգëһûءֻܼƻˡ
ƻ, ϥĿʣµˮϴ˸, ЩˮӵĿˡ
Сrеٰɡ
Ȼͷһº͵
ϣȵ̧ͷ˹ʥİɫվԱߡһ信ڵ, Ҳϵúúõġ
Ψһе㲻ͬ, ɺɫʹ˵ϢΣֱ䡣
ϣһûȥΪʲôñڵ, æҵվ˺ü
ҵ۾ŵ𣿡˹ɤƽǸ, ҵûáȻͲῴˡ
Ϊʲôϣۣе㲻ԭɫǺɫ, ǹ
ǽƻ˹˵, ֪ô쵽ġ֮, ҧһڡ
ҧ˽ƻϣͻȻ֪˻ǲˡƻὫŴ󡣾ǲ֪˹ķġ
, ˹ûˡΨһ, ġ
ھôСʡ
˹Ṵ㲻ú£̵סҵʶмСǻӹ̶ĿơֻһڽƻԵһô޷ˡ
ϣĵطΧһֻС֣֯ë룬ر֯Įߡ
ʶӿĽɫƴײźӡ
ϣ˲ʲôػǰѽƻŪˡǲ֪мʲôƺ͵ˡ
ôˣ˽ƻ˾ͻᱻ͵𣿡ϣʡ
㣬˹˵ѧԺ˵һѧˡҰʶ̱ûСҲôģ
ϣԥһ£ιƻҷҶԽƻһȤûСʱ򣬽˵ԲҪƻˣƻͻܵ¶
ҵĽƻңǳҪ鷳װҪӡû뵽ͷðҾ͵ˡ
ԭ˹Цһ£ûκ˵ȷ׵õƻڣƻõڡֵе̫Ҫƻˣһ㡣
ϣ΢΢۾оеԺһǲ֪ƻڰķӦһȥҲ̫ˡ
ԺҼһλ꣬óһˮѡָָµӣƣ
˹Ŀһɨѡʡ
ʲôϣæʡ
ʴ֮񡣡
Ϊʲô
ƻԼģеΪɫеΪԡڰΪĹʵɫӽںɫټˮ졣ƻøڤơ
ݮΪС飬ɫԴ񡣡
СɳֱΪǻ۹ǻ֮񡣲ݮ飬ǰ֮ǰҡ
ΪʲôǰңϣʣΪɫǰ׵𣿡
Ӧðɡ˹˵
ѡʻôأϣʣ֮յƻ𣿡
ᱻȳԵƻ˹΢΢ƺúȤ
֮ԣ˭ܱ½ƻأϣʮ־ȡ
ƻӵһЩ
ϣüҲѡ԰ѽƻѽ
У˹˵˴ƻᱬѡΪˣƻڱժȡƻժȡѡһλ¡Ķеժȡõƻ
ʲô
ͱ㣬ڻʦ֮½ƻֱӽΪ߽ס
ϣССصһ֮񲻻ˣ
ǰƻժϡ˹˵ҲûξȻժ
µõ˹⡣Ҳйƻ԰ǲܱŵġʹתѧԺԺһʱǸָ·Ů
Ҳ֪ô£ʹӦˡƻĸԴΪһʼûеֵסջԲŻڵĽ
ƻϣʶ˿Է۾ɺøˡƤƤϺǽƻΪʲôÿеĶ
Ҫôأƻ𣿡
ʱˡ˹˵׷͵ƻ˺͸ƻ£Ҫü칦򡣵Ѿˡһ뿪
Ūˮ𣿡ϣʡ
ܣ
ܰϣЩţҪҪЩˮװ
ԡ˹ͷ
ϣذϵˮŽ
ΪʲôֻˮϣװĹ뵽⣬λ𣿡
Ƹֻ֮нǮ˹ƽ˵ƻø˷ƻԣͰ޳ѡ
ԭƸ֮ڵĻʲôˮ
ܡ
ϲƸ֮񡣡
Ϊʲô
Ϊˮ󣬿ԡҲϲҲܺãƤԡϣһ߻شţһ߸˹뿪ƻǰȥ
ѩ׵һƬûвݣûɰʯϣоԼ·ֽϡһ۾еܲˡͣࡣ
˹ͣ΢΢üƺ߲ȥ
ʲô˼ϣۣһƬããԼѩä֢ɣ
ƻ硣ƶĹǣÿɢһ㣬õ·һǿԶҲ߲ڡ
ϣٿ۾Ϊ˹һֱûǽɢȥ
˵ס𣿡
ǻ߹ԼҲ⡣˹˵οܵޣֻƻˡ
ǲԶԭ̤ߣ
˹Цû
ϣ
˹ڱ׻׻ͣرװ˾Ҫȥȥ߲Ļ·
Ե׻أ
ôʡ
˹ûлشĿ̺Ĵͣһ롣
ϣ붮˫ַļ磬ż⣬˹ȥûбܿɴϡһڡ
һ£Ťͷȥǰ·
ƺǰããģһ仯ûС
ô£׵̫𣿡
ԡ˹Ṵ
ϣǡ¡
Ťͷ˫ۡղŻãã磬ھȻ˱߽硣һƬɫ֣ͻȻƵġ
˹ˣ졣Цݣ˹־ǰܡ
˹΢΢ۣΪƺһʱ޷Ӧ
ŮΪܷĳԼǣŵů֡ĮɺӣһηӵĹ⡣
ܽɫϣɿ˹֣ڴڵشղ⼸ʮףоҪըˡǻۡ
˰죬Ƴ˹һ˿ǱûСֱеĽ˵˹ˣá⻰³ȥҧסԼͷ
ϰԵĿʼΪ˹ˡ
˹һƽؿʲôʱ֪ģ˹𣿡
һһɣԼҲµһЩϣֱѱ򿪣ҿˣһˮͷϸ׵ָڱ˰죬һݮ
Щˮ˹԰
ݮӽһҧݮڿǻըζɢۡ
˹Ĵ˹Թ⣬гһԼûɫϢˣ߰ɡ
ϡϣЦӯӯطһ³׷ȥ
ָղƬѩ׵һĿ߼ʡϣ˹Ƭӱˡ
ʮӺԥ˵Ҫĵط¹񲻴Ӧ
á˹ͣ½Ųת
ױǽġӵɺӣȥаľ޴󷴲һĨΣյ
ϣżһ¡װӣһ¡ʪǣеľѸٷһС
Ƴһǰĵ·ϸ˵ƺأ˹ˡǿɲױĵط
˹Ŀ⣬ɺĺĤϸĹ⣬ģ
ϣһϸ׵ָصڹĴϣ˵㣬ɲأ
˹һ˲䣬·һסĿģӡиŮҲһĴ
ԡԼ˵
Ů촽ϣº͵ġ˹ĽëƯһ۾оıζɢһ㡣
ȫԸӹ̣Ƕļܳûʶģ붯
ϣСƵ£Ťͷӻһ޼ʣеץ
˹ǳع´ǣƬֱͺܴ󣬸ҵ޹ء
ϣ㲻˵Ŀ⿴
ǰ𣿡ʡ
Ҳûƻ򡣡
򣿡ϣЩȵظһ飬ǲĹ硣Ҳ˹ĵط
šǽ߰ɣ˹˵ߵ䲻һĵطҡ
ϣ΢΢۾û뵽Ȼֱ׳
һһþ޴£˹ͣ˽ŲȺתһ˿죬ʼǰɡ
𣿡ϣһ¡ֶǷĵġ˹˵ܸоһʼдɡʼܰɡʼɡ
˫ֹסĲӣ˹±Ҫů͡ĮȴΪɢů
̲סָɫƤһů
ƻļ磬ƺ졣ȹȻ˵䣬Ҳů͡ԣ˹оʡ
˹ۣ˼¡Ϊʲô˿ûеִǰԷ̻ˡ
ڣоԼرŮ棬ȥ
𣿡е̲ȥˡ־˵磬ģľֵġԺֻѾ̽Ĵ֣ˡ
ˡŮֻȥʵ§ס°ͣϣĵķŹûа취ƿ
ҾҪ˵Ĵȥⶥյ촽
˹оʱһϢɢȥһ㣬һĸߴѽСĽŮѹǽǡǵֻܿѽѷֵ˫
ʶ˵ƺĴ˱ˣŤһ֫˹Ϊ򵥵ĶسͻĮƻһ
һ˲䣬ƺԼ壬ÿҹߵϸϸ
˹ˣŮɤŽỽһ㰡
ۣͫӳŮˮӡ֪ʲôʱѹϣĴǵúǴҲɵٺۡ
۾ָ˵ɿ֣Ҹղš
ŶûʲôϣЦһ£ֵ󣬡ղһ˲۾˺ںɫŨѪͺ࣬Һˡ
˹ĿϣһȦɼû֣ͷųḧƽٺۡ
أ۲ۣɨһϵƤȹȻ˺ü㣬ǶǼ˿õġƤһĥòᡣ
Ȼϣתȥǿָ˸򣬡üء
˹ĬȥٴɢȥһЩüԼڲͬطΪˡеڹľԺеڿɳϣеõķϡ
ǵ۾˸źüϲеģг硣⼸ֲͬΪǵ㣬Ʈĺɫ
ִɢһ㣬ڵļƪ¶ǲӹ̡
һĳζͺٻصڸߴϣʥʹһСԺ
˹ˣںõ˰ɣϣתЦеʡȻͦģϣǳȥԺռֲȫĸо
һڴۣǶԷ۾ǺͮͮĸһˣղŻЩϡ֣һͷƺľӴˡ
¶ʧı飬˹̲סЦһ·߲ġΪֻҪڣƻ᲻÷ҳȥϡ
ô죿ϣŵʣԣӦô죿˹ԲȸɿûϵаھͿˡرˮ
ôţȥˮһ顣
İңóë׵ģȻûϴ
ƤرıӦͦðƤġһϧϲԻҡҪлƻ֮ͺˡƻ֮Ҳпǿӡ
˹ϸ׵ָСĵذŰҵƤͬʱظоŮָĴС
һûˮҲĴû˭Թ
ΪժȡˮƻὫˮջءβǵἢʣҲˮߡ
ڣ̺ĴСڵҧ⡣֣ᴥ塣ᣬ紵ˮ棬Ҳǻ䡣
Ҳ̲סͷŮ촽ҵļ϶˹ȥ


67 
ϣᴭ, ֻŰҵ֣ʹȥˡ֭ŰұҧıԵڲݵϡ
ӵ, ϣ˱Ŵꡣзűɫ۾һĽ, Ǵ̡
ͻȻе˹Ϊʲôˡ
İӣǲڸǵʵƤ, طۡʵ, ʵûôûζ
˹ʶӼڽšͷ֯ˡͷϣһֻɫ޻ڷŷԼ
ͱͱһһСƬûջٵĮ԰, ι㿴ҵղɣ
һͦõġ
˵ȥŮŮ֯ëô
һʲô֯أ
ë, ԸҷųȥҾȥŪëߡ
Ŷųȥ˲ʧ䣬˰ûˡȻ棬֯ëΪ

Ĵཥֿ˹ͷ, ǳ, һ˿ɫ˳ȡ˾ǧ̬
Ůǵˮĺ촽, Լ۵뵵ˮӿһ㡣˺ܾõͻȻȱˮ
ϣڷſԼ, æӿһ¡ӽ絽, ˵, СʱȥˡͿʣղűѹףоˡ
ӻûм£ͼ˹ëúҪѯʣֱסˡ
ƺһң˹ǱٿصˡֻҪʼӣ׳һźţ̱ߴӰס
۾ࡢȻ˹ֻ⼸طԽԽ޼ɵǣֱ޷мܡ
òˡˣ
˵˵¸ѽСrͻȻϲһssrҡ
ӣˮĴˮҲӦаУӣһһù޷ֿǣ֣ڷݵ·ǰһ
֮⣬ʼǣһõ֣һõ֡Σõһ֡һʮֺøֵ
𣿡ϣѸپͬʱ˹óǣɿļ
ˡ˵
Ϊʲôϣѩ׵ƣ滹һСһҺˡһ˿Ĺ⣬˹棬ͷ˱һ¡
˹ĴϢ˲þҡϣһһεؿҧӣʹĸй쳣С
ͷһ̵سԵˡһη
ֺøֵ
ۣʲôһˣһ߷øСϲǲϲ
˹ˣΪʲô˳ˮأ
˹ᴭڲͫɺ죬βڷ졣ʣµˮҡ
ǿɲСϣæѱء֪ҲͰˣ֪ˮĸйŲء
㡣˹ǿӲһЩ֮ǰûϵӦôңճݮӿ˰ûڡͬʱ¶ģԣܣԵڰ
Ը㡣ϣݮݸ֮ôŲҪء
С˹һף΢ݮըķ顣
Ҳ㡣ϣӳһöСɳ
˹ͬһ⣬Сɳ
ϣ̲סЦⲻˮϷ
Ц˹̴ǣ֣
ûСϣסԺﴫСrϸϸѾˡ
ϣ΢ޣСr㿿ס
ааɣ㡣һ˵ذѰݹȥϲˡҪûԹֹӡ
˹Ѱ򿪣ŮӵбʯСӡһӡһп֬ͷԼװǵֽӡûѧϰĶеЦƳһۡ
ôˣŮ۾ԲԲģУЦݲԡ
˹ֽӻ˻ΣʮǹײֽĦ
ûС
ôûУҾͷߵġϣ˵
˹ϸϸһۣѰȥûС
ǿöʱ˰ɣϣɻüһ¶ν飬·û˹ˣǼǰ߰ɡҸо۾ɫˣҲתء
š˹ûģŪĴ𰸡
ƺղûǣʮӺ߳ӡ
ǰСɽ£ɽϿ˽յͬǣɫеǳǵɫˡ
Ǽɫʣܶô˹͵
Ҫߵʲôʱ򣬲ߵͷأϣʡ
˰ɣǰƬССĶ˹ָǰһׯǼĳڡ
ϣæзȥƬССĶͻȻһξ롣һ£ϸֲǴׯƣɽչһ顣
Ҳ֪˹׻ˡ
ͳһڽƻҪʲô̶Ȳȫأ
˹Цһ£Ҫ㲻Ըĳ̶ȡ
ϣ΢ǲĻ䣿ƻҲ̫ˣȴҩˡ
棬ҲǲǾԶ޷ȥ
ǡ˹΢̣ƺǳ
бİ취ϣȵۣʲôҪĵطˡ
ҿԴȥ
ҳȥϣüظһ飬ǲߵӣȻ󴩹ȥҳ𣿡
ãҿԴֱӵӣߡ
ֱӴȥϣŵۣһʼɲô˵ġ
һʼ˵ʲôˣ˹Цʡ
˵ҳȥ
Ȼأ
ȻǾͿʼǰߣ˵ô߳ȥΪõ·䳤
ţȻأ˹ʡ
Ȼ󣬡ϣü䣬ôûлشֻǿҵ촽һۡ붮һ£ǵ·ûб仯ǲ׵̫٣˵ԣȻҾˡ
Խ˵ɫԽѿͷβ˹ûæһжԸԵġ
ɶ
ⲻƭ
㻹ռ˰ҲҪġŵssrҺͺøֵ
졣˵öԡͻҵ
аɣװȵӣ˭ϲء
˹ļ΢ᴹʶڸǼıִ˺Щ¶Ů
ϲأ˹ˡ
ϲ˹
˭ϲֻϲ˹һˡ
Щصһ𣬲ϴӱƮ
ʲôô񡣡ϣЦʡ
ûʲô˹̧ۣƽɤڸָңҴȥ
ϣַĵһ˲䣬յɽʧˡȡ֮ŤŤʯ·һ͵ķݡһЩ˴ӷ߳ҲһЩ߽ȥ
ֵϱž͵Ķ¹кɽ򣬻кڱǱϣҪܶ࣬׸ߣˡЩϴʻı飬к˵
ʼգЩ˶ûע⵽˹۷綼ûɨ
ǻģǡ
ƻеˡ˹˵ĿƳشЩˣƺϻʲô
ϣͻȻʶЩ
˹ҪȥҶ𣿡˴кתȥֽ߹һλʮ꣬Űɫ鲼ӣһ飬ɾʡ

ϣά𾪵Ŀ⣬ͣᡰšһɬӢû˹ôĮһߺ䵭
ҪͰ˹˻ȭͷľҹһЩҪ֪ҵĻɶأҪѺӶҶӶ̫ҾͿˣֻϹ
ά͡ҼҶﱻԭԹ糿ֵֽܻᷢһ㣬һ¹̸ͣ
ά͡Ƿ񡣡˹ϣ˵
ǿɲܹңҪ־͹ֺڰɡѺҹŪô˭ü
ڰǸڰȥͺˡ
ǰǸôأ
Χ˶ڸ͡
ϣΪһĺڰȥоͷ÷顣
ˡ

ֵһߣһźɫӵĸ˳ɫͷ紵Щңɫ䵭롣
Ƴһۣߴ͸ϣͶ˹ϡһ˲䣬ϣоӿһɱս⡣
عͷ˹øȻŽֵһߡ
ϣҲźڷ꣬Ȼϳˣʱڵรǣʱľô
һֵܿ£ʵһô˱ȥֱܴ֫Ļк
ԶԶس˹ƵᳶǣûĽֱֵһȥ
뿪󣬽ֵ
ôȥأ
ҿ֮ſˡʲôûֻվһ£оɥ
ûҲֻˡΪ˺ڰǲŶв
Ҫȥӱ߰ɣȥ㡣δҪԶġ죬ȥҺ֮֮ģֽţûжԡÿһ
ԣ졣
Ҫ˹˵Ļ
Ǹ˹͵ûɹ˶˹ͶȥĿ⣬ǿŹϣ
˹ƺһӶȥȱȱˣתֵһȥ
ȥϣ˹˵
˹΢΢һû˵ϣѾֳ˹׷ȥ㣬Ҫˡ
˹ӣ̲סЦûϵ֪ҪȥĶ
ȥĶϣ
ؼҡ
˹ٶȲ죬ϣһֱ׵ľ롣һ·ϣ˶ڸشк
ЩⲻǼٵģкϣǵ˽˹ĺɣϣһֱȥǲгĹĳһ컹Ǻڵġ
쿴ܾʻ֮ĴڨҾͷˡҿɲϣҲȥ̸ǴʧˣǸµ졣
ǰ˭֪ջʲôɵ£͸õûκ覴õմء
ϣ̲ס΢΢üŤͷȥ˹Ϻ
˼ӣ˹һǰֿͣţһ£žͿˡ
ŵһλˣһɣ˹¶һ˿ȣڻʲôҪȥҶϰ𣿡
ȥˡ˹˵߽ȥ˲˵ذŹϡ
ǳ֮񡣡˹ϣ˵Ǹҳˡ
ϣֱӴǽڴȥ
Ĳúܼ򵥣ֻмҾߡһŲӡһ¯λûţȥӦҡ
ʲôװζûУѩһȥһֱſɮһ
Ҫʼ𣿸Щû¸ֺеһҪʼϷ𣿡ѵ⡣
ֻǽ첻ȥȥ˹ɫҲȻֱű¯վš
죿ϰֶֻҪһ첻֣ͻȥУƵģվֱҲȥ㲻Щ޹ؽҪ
治һ뿪㣬ʲôӣһᱻ˹ɶ񡭡
ػû˵꣬ҵؿԡ
˹ɫһ裬첽ߵߣƥ˹
صĿӲͣԵøˣûͽʱʴ塣
㡣˹˵㣬𣿡
㲻ֻ࣬һȥصɫһЩɫ¶һοЦ⣬Ҹϣɵسɳ
ǹġǶõӻǶõͻû˭ÿ
˹Ҫ衣˼޹һ뷨跨ȥΨΨжϾУŲᱻӡ
У˹͸һãȻ˭ϲ𣿡
ȻĸԴųԥ¡УǲԵġ͸Įģжĸ顣ǻӰжϡ
˵ⷬٴξҿ
˹ܽһظǳص״һ㶼ûкתԵøˡ
ȥȥɱ᲻
죬Ŭѹȥ̧ؿ˹ҪҪɱֻţϵĹ
߰ɡ˹˵ǣסϣ֡ϣֻһΣǰľٴθı䡣
ľƵǽںͼҾʧվһƬܴĿյϣɽĴӴĴׯ
ڶ쳿֮ˡ˹˵ôᣬǸҲ
ϣһпһ˿УǶ˵ĻȻ
˹ɽԭġֹǳ֮񣬴ƺϣɴⷢȡֻҪһ㳬£Ҿ;ˣҪˡ
ǳڣҴ뿪˹˵ղųеһУܿҡųûڱ֮¡
˹ڹȥļҺͼ䣬СͶǿϵ⡣Įûи飬ܳΪһ
ˡ
ûģʲôȥ˵Ȱ
ƥ˹ҪϾ飬Ϊ˽ҲӰԵжϡ
ԣ¡
Ȼܻɣˡðƥ˹ʧ
ԣƥ˹Ψһˡͬһݣһ㡣ƥ˹ԸųصĹԶȥ
ƥ˹죬׷ԼԸĺ档ƥ˹˵ûĺˣһ֪뿪ôʹ
˾ôӱܣҲ㲻ȶˡΪ࣬³˸ζ
۾ǰҲԸĶȥӵ̶˵ûôˡ
ʼΪʳҲԸҹһյƵԼеһССĸı䣬Ϊ֮еϲá
ڽͷӵǣҲûйȥ񣬾ǲԵġ·΢Ц˰֮֮ơ֮档֮ڣԽԽůǿ
ʹ˱ôҲʹǿӵиǿθкϣ
ųصĹȥҲᾡԼһλ
ϣս֣Ťһֻͷһ㱡Ҳɢ


68 
ҹĻ, һӽֽʻ
һƯźĶϿŹı־ӲȥԿһλŮʹŻ۵Զ
Ѿ۲ϣܳʱˡһμ, ʱΪ˿ԺİĹﵥദ, Ȳذߡؿ, ˫۾ŨУס
ԭΪС, λ᳹׽ż, Ȼּˡ
ȥ, ˽ԭȥѧԺԼߣҪ´ȥǻ鷳
˫۾ͬһٴͷųᡣ
زɵλ֮׵, ô֪ܲӦôԷų, ԼȨ跽㡣
֮ƻͽΪ߽ʦˡΪ, ǿ԰ʱȹʱ䣬ʧ£һᰲμʦʸ񿼺ˣ߸
̫, ллش̡ϣЦ˵ȻԸⱻ֪ξĽͬʱ, Ҳޡ
ؼûил, ָл, ŮʮִϻۣѾ⡣
˵ʡʱ䣬ַ˼̻СȤ¡һʾãһͨ͸ദǳ졣
βûһ̻ǻŶֶŮؼҡ̣ǰش̣һλ᲻ǹ񣿶Բ룬
ؽϣԭΪҪ̽֡
е̫ˡȻβ˽Ҳֶ֪Ůʹ̣Ӥ;ˡ˻ԸӤ̽ţ̺òú
βɣǽɡش̲εͷųһϢǾϣõ˵ꡣ
ܵдţúõдһšһµҳôĺӡ
˳ҪԼһ¼ˣǶϣҪһ㡣ԤУҲҵ𣬾Ϳˡ
˰ش̣ϣȣ¥ݡ
һûԶʱѽβó¸ˡȻط·
ƿţһΪ˹վſԣײȥ
ڸʲô
ӭ㡣˹Ц˵
ӭңϣɻؿһۣҾôбҪվſӭ𣿡
бҪˡ˹§ס֫°͵ľѣһ첻ڼңһ˼įˣԡ׶޷ң벻Ұ
˹ͨɢģ͸Ƶ̣Ͳҡβˡ
롣ϣԥ˵תɵؿʲô𣿡
ô£˹΢΢۾ֿĹâҪҲǱ£ͷϡ
Ŷϣߵ¾ǰͷϱķͶϴĶȡӾ￴˹һֱվںעȻƽҲǽоܹ졣
ƻô˹ʣʱ򣬽ƻѾ˹Ƶˡ
аɣԲԲġϣ⿪ȹѺصȹŰȹҲ⿪ֻᱡİɫȹʵȹҲȹӣлߣûȹʽѡ
ûжʲô𣿡˹Цʡ
ϣŽߵǰķ£תһ˿ζ˹ܲԾĻ̫ˡ
ƽҲܶࡣ˹Ӳ輸һԲεıУ򿪺иǣصػغġزαɺ͹ɡժĹġ
ϣƳһۣ˺ܶ׵ֽ״ıɡɫ㣬ɫǴ㡣
˹һö㣬һö㣬㽲¡һ죬ɺͷ·
ʣ㣬ʲôڵİ˵Ǻڵġʲôڵأ˵Ϊݡ
ϣ۵һЦġеСȸԼŷ磬λ顣
㳢˹ɷ
ϣָ䣬ٵҧһڡֻʣһıӿϺɫĹǻһζ
ݮ
һ˹
ó𣿡˹Цʡ
óԡͷʣµһҲŽ
˹΢Ŵǣֳ˼öɣҸ˵һΪͦҪ飬һβǸ㾭ģ
ҹ𣿡ϣһҧűһʡ
ûôء˹æ˵
ŶʲôҲ²ϣ΢̵ıɫ۾д֪
˹վڷԣĿⶢմһݮĴ븩߳Ե
ʲô˹ϣ׷һ顣
ھϣռˡ˹ؽ͡
ϣϣ΢΢üʲô˼
ǡһľ飬һЩˮǸǵһִһ˳ЩˮҲͬӦ
Ŷˮ˳ˣ
ţ˹۵ȫ⣬ȥǸˣڼҡ
ƻȻڼңȥ֮ˡ
ϣ򴽣Ҿʲô
˹ɫ˵ܾˡ͸˵ûôˣҲժȡ߳ƻǴҶʾ棬ҲǿӦˡ
ʾժȡ߳ƻϣЩ⣬
ɣ˹΢΢üµʱһ챾ϡǺڰǰ˳Ⱥģһ仰ҰϾ͵ɡҲǸӦûѺڰ档
ˣϣĵСrء
Ȼأʡ
ȷϣǵˮᱻ˳Եɣ˵ᣬѡһ¡ǽ磬ڻ԰ŶèͻȻӿһɲڣ˸ƵġͻȻסɫŵƳϣ
ղŲ˵𣿡ϣʡ
˹Ĭ룬ʵǾ˫شɫ³£Ҫȥƻ
˵ʵƻͦһ꣬㿳𣿡
˹ۣˮɫĺĤתһ˿ŵĹ⡣
ϣһ𴽽ǣ˵˵ô֪ƻꣿ
ΪҳݮѽϣЦӯӯ˵
˹ס°ͣЦҰ׵һ硣һ뵽ұ֪Ů˳˹ӣҾû
ŮӳݮǲǾͲˣϣʡ
Ȼǣ˹Ц˵һǻҸ𣿡רעض顣
ϣһ£ʹ֪ժƻˣһǻ
˹΢΢һ´ǣ߳Щ΢
һssrҺһֺøֵСrͻȻ˵
ϣȵգգۣʲô
һֺøֵΪֵһе㡣㻹ϲġ
ssrԺɾѣ㲻ģˡںרһĵ·ϣٴǰһ
˹ɵôأϣע
ư˹۾ǣ
ô˵˵㡣˹ʧ˲صӡ΢΢𴽽ǣϴŲ۵׵Ц⣬㻹˭ˮ
ûˡϣ˵ѡʺƻ˵͵ƻתʧˡ
ѡʣ˹ȵۣң
ţ㣬ʧ𣿡ϣ۴Цʡ
˹˼һ£˵ʵеʧɡ˽ƻҾͿֱ׳ضʲôˡ
ʲôϣ̲סЦһƻܹĵ׵ֺ֣ܶҲ˹Ǳء
˹𴽽ǣˮɫתɫ󣬡̰ǽִҵ㡣
ϣһ£СȸԼȷ硣˹ںеģľ߱һʵ˧Ǯá
أ˹΢΢Ŀ΢׵ĴƵǴǺۣ˹İɣȥƻ𣿡
ϣ΢΢һ˹ʧصʱ򣬿Ĳӡ֮ǰȹڵ˿һֱţͺˡѵȹȹǴvģһӾ¶ɡ
һʼͿ˶ԲԣϣʣΪʲô㲻˵أ
˹ֱֱЦô˵ҸղһֱΪԼˣָ㰡
ϣ
ڲͬˣ˹۴⣬Ѿƽˣ㻹ûС˵˵Ϊʲô㣿
Ϊƻϣ˵˹˳һڡ
ʲô˹˵ͽŵشϡ
סһʼĻΪҪߵĳȥϣÿ˵һ仰˹ɫͳһ֣æñĻ
ˣǸ粻ƻҿ˭ҿʱڵĵĹͺڰ񡣵û㰡˹
ţǸʱһǸ㱦ڴˮ˹Ц㵱Ȼˡ
ÿɰ˹ϣһ£һֻС㣬ӤʵŤβںˮģͻȻ뱧
˫ۣ˹̸壬ֱ۳ڷϣŮ˫һϡ
ҪͺˣһС
Ҳ˹۾Ц⡣
ϣû仰˵Ŀ˹ͺڰҵ
Ŷ˹עĴĵ˵ڰսᣬû֮ǰû˵ġԴҶϲ
ǣǲҲѡġϣü
ȷʵ˹˵漰塣縧˹ĳ֮ĵǰ⡣ȻˣȻᱣ˼䡣
ٱƶ壬Ͼˡ˵֮ÿ˵·˱仯ڰֻǡǡµĶѡ
ôأϣʣ֪˹ϿҲ֪˺ڰ񱻹ôģ
žͳˣ˹Ц˵ӡУÿˮ߸˴ܡ׵ǿʳԽǿԽʹ졣ҳͳһˮ򣬾͸ˡ
ϣע˹ԸѣƺҲûʲôʹ¡һ£ͺáɵ꣬ŻΪ֮ɡ
ʲô˹ЦŵҾһ㷳¶û𣿡
ҾûСϣ˵
ҲаҾúܹ¶ú׺ְɣʵԽ־Խ¶ڸ߸ߵʱָоΪԡ
Ŷҿɰﲻ㣬Լϰ
ܰң˹Ц˵һʱҾûָоˣҵͬࡣ
ϣƳһۣоܵ˺ӳҶǺ
ˡű죬ϣ֪ŮͰ͸˹ˡƿ˹߹ȥš
һŵķζͲ䡣кںСšࡢඹСԲѿƺͼ
ϣ˹ɺиǺã΢ΪʲôҪݮıأ
˹̧Ц˵ΪҾûԵҵˮҾȥժһ㣬ӵһΡ
ϣЦ˹ҳԵݮĵʱʲôоѽ
˹§סͷסĶϸϸݿҧϣʱоһӱ𣬻ڲڡ
ָо˹˵Ҫˡ

˯ʱСrͻȻϣ
ôˣϣʡ
оƷԽԽˣ뿪ƻļ䣬ҪƽʱøЩٲԣƾͳһ̯ˡ
ڳԣϣе㾪ȡ
ѽһϣһöСӣеӡ
ò豭ˮϴϴӣɾͷҧһСڣʺĹ֭ӿ
ͬʱһֵһɳ챾д飬ǶʹС
Ҫ˵ˡ㲻˵ô֪أ
еëת˰죬ֻдһ䣬
ֻ仰ԼҲеΡȷʵ˵Ļ
ӦдģĥţѱʼֽϡͻȻһӿһãֱӴͷ
壬ҧסİʹ졣
ǣûֹͣˮһӿҹ紵˴ظشϢţëʶ۶ġ
İĸоͣ˰ӣȴоһꡣ
ٴλָףĶͷϸܵĺˮ۵ҲΪĵѪ˿
աɳػȥڵأ࣬ﻹھҵ
ˣһɫӰӣ󱳲޴ſĽ¡
ղ֪ʲô¡ɺվ֦ͻȻŭͳ衣һæɽ
ȥҵƻھҪ
ûѯԭʧڿС
СʱһಲĴŽƻεϡ
ˣ˵ſڿ׼ȥһץס
ƻ̧ͷɫͫ־壬ҵѾߵյˣ֮˵ҿ԰ʮֻꡣ
ڿһֻˡ˵
Ϊʲôƻ۾ӿˮ⣬ˣ
˵İɣɤĮǸ޴ˮƻҪ档
ԣǡƻͰ͵˵㲻μӣҾʣˮˣʮû档
ժȡ˭ø˵ֱѯʺ⡣
һСƻ˵
Сɫȥ
㡭ȥΪʲô
ѡˮֲ㣬ʰƻһãѵڰΪԷûѡ߳ŭˣ
ɱɤðźֻҪɱͲ֪ˡ
֪ʲôƻӲ⡣
ûлشվ䵭עƺֻҪܾ̰ڤ
ðɣðɡƻ૵˵ժȡ߲ƻ
һӺվĽֵڵŶɫĴһɻ󣬡ûŪ
ûŪƻܿ϶˵ҵļռûãϻմˮϢҺȷڻƴķ䡣
ͬʱԡ˹žۡŤͷ򴰻ķ򣬸ойɷǳǿϢ
ô˲죬ϲ


69 
賿ʮ, ҹɫŨʱЩĴŴ԰ķӣһƬ˻˯ľУֻżе
һøߴͷŶĶ¥Χ, ҹɫչ, Ͻ¶ǰ߲Ӱ
֪Լ˶, ǵɫĴʵ̫Ϥˡʱ򣬾ͻߵ
ʱǵǴ򿪵, Կ̨ϰһɫ򻨡
ƻʱ̣ǵ, ʵĹ͸ȾһƬůɫ
Ĵһů뿿
ˣҪȥ𣿡ʡ
ͷѾٷְȷ, 뿴һأ
˵һǸŮ顣Ťͷһŵƻ
ȴӦ, ˵ͷһȥƻС˵
㻹óԴһ£ɷģ
ƻ̾Ϳ, ʹ, ϲľǶʹˡһɫ, ıȵϹʹ, ǲʹ
ƽ˵绰, ʹߺ򡣵ҪʹԷһЦʻȥ԰ĳ
ð˵, ƻί, Ⱥѧι, Ӧ֪
֪˵ҽյ١
ƻȵ۾ֺ󣬡ðɣȷʵֻСΧ֪ûǿ촫ء֮ҽˣ񿪷ҸȺѧ
ҵˣһⶼҪƻֻ̰ǸŮûУдҺͰҵļռ䣬ڴˮѡһ
ѡʲôպʡ
ʡƻش
ʰظһ飬̧ۿ߱Ӱڵʵɫ
Ȼأʡ
ȻͻȻо͵ҵƻҾܳȥ׷ˡһʱ򣬷ʣµˮˣǸŮҲˡ
֪ǵkǸŮȥģûٹܣתȥ֮ƻˡǾ֪ˡ
һӾĬͻȻое䡣Զ·ͶһƬʵĹӰһơƿӽֽҡ߳
š˵
أƻ۰Ͱ͵ؿʧҹɫУָյĳ
šװͰ͵˵
ӡ
ɫķʱϴҵŷһˮûвֻǰվſڡ
һƯңһŮסġɫıֽɫ񻨵Ĺӡ¯ױ̨϶Сˮ֬κС
ķϴһɫĶ̺ӣƺʱɹ̺ҲǾµģŵӻ㡣
Ŀⲻɨһ£ƵǽǼܰɫϡ͸Ĵᣴڵ̺ϣԼܿ˯һŮ̺ӱߵһߣ˯ȹҲȥ¶ѩ޳ȡ
ÿᣣȷϣ˯ϢϤˡ
ԶԶøŴ᣿Կ˯úܳظ΢΢ҲԿְһֻͷ£ƺϲѹ˯
Ůᴽģ죬ƺεʲô˸¶ѹŵĺɫӡһϳ챾ͷŵ
һ˲䣬ˮĳ˹ջȫˡɫļһѲɫǣQС
𴽽ǣ첽ߵǰÿᣣŮ˯ú죬Ϣȡѹ챾Կó˯ǰһֱڿǲ֪Ϊʲôûּ
񾲵˯գ̲ס
ڰѰСrش󺰡֪ʵԡ˯˲֪עֶ̫໵ġ
ϣоҪըѣǸըѵСrݡһ˲ϣСrûô˯ȥͦˣҪȥϴҴ
֪ǲǻþôˮءҲż٣ëܿƵز֪װȥˣܻۡ
ϢȾ֪ˣеԼŻæ˵£ҡ
ϣԲ۾ƺŬشӺڰбЦһͷŪ
𰡡ϣûüֹͷϵ̨ԶȼССĻ硣ɫĹâѸ䣬֪˹˯ģʱҲˡ
𣿡ɫҰףеİûڸأǸҲ㣬ұſڿһ¾뿪ʵ̫
ϣһס죬»ȥо˹ʱɫһޱȣ֮ԲĻս
ĶסеŮ¶Ŵ򣬽ٲһ䣬Ϣֱ˹޷ֵҧİ
ϣֹͣæļ򣬡ȣȵȡ
̹ԹԵͣĽë˵
ϣѹúңɤڲôͻȻˣ
һ£ȷһ¡˵΢΢̧һ壬˳һ㡣
ʲô£ϣʶʡ
ץסƻ˵ˮˡ
ҿûáϣæϡ
ûгҵˮ𣿡һɻ󣬡ҽͻȻоϣһס죬˹ﱨֻݮ
ɫףæοģûй˼Ų֪ˮǸ
ϣɴȥֻҪؼû˵л
ĵط˹ԡУֳŲضǽڡһ澵һĶ棬ӳϣڸһڷǡ
ƽ΢׵һЩͲáλ֮ʲô
˹ۣҧŴĸζۡ
ָؿٽԡָ˲Ѫָ
оԼ͵ˣҹ˵ɷˣֻöϴﲻʵģȥڰһսڶڱ˵ĵ̣
νϣĴ⡣
ǿɶ֪˵ףȴơ
ϣᴭƿȥ𣬽̫ˡ
һѻҪ˵ǿȷʵ̫ˣòȥ֪˯߶ҪԲ˯ϣСıҲҪġ
𣿡˵Ҳ˯ֻԱ߿㡣
УϣЦžܾû취˯ŵġ
кö໰˵һ͸˵ԼȡµĻᡣ
Ҳкö໰˵ҾûȥȽϺãһûķءϣְϵµĿӡ
ɫĳ±ң¶ľɫšϵ˿ڻһûóףһǱ޺ƵĿϣֲпС
ϣ֪ʵǺ۵ġÿΪ˶౧һǿаס
ʲôʱܺѽ
ŻҪһʱɡΪյķ˿ÿһϣһ㡣
ϣذѿӸϵã±ԵȥɡϴһûУ˹˹ˡ
ƳһǽǵӣѾһˣаɣһҪ
ϣͷ
͸ʱڵվڽֵͷ˵ۣһν顣
ûв㣿ЩǲǾΪڵȷЩʱ
ѧӣҲ˯ȹãƹĺ󱳣ɿĶдýģ
˯ɡͷӴȥֿۣʧںҹС
Ӻڰõֺøֵ֪ˮõġ׵ʱõġʣһʱõġһС
СrͻȻ˳ϣĿ⿴ȥ˹пϴҵſߣ۾εض
˯ˡ
ϣ
֪ģִ棬һ򲻸ҿ
ˮ˹ʡ
ϣãԷŻͷβ΢һգ˹ҵʱûҸ㡣ΪʣҲˮġ
˹ûֹ㣿Ȼǵɤ
ûΪҲˮûֹ
˹˲úܸӣķֳǴۡ
ͷϵ̨طųůĹ⣬ŮĴֺˮƽһҲͰסֻ۾Ĵʹ
첽߹ȥָס°ͣһָֻŴֱϣۿ˲ˮ⣬о촽Ҫˡ
˹һ٣֣ĴʪҲ֮£ʹĴ̵õ˻⡣
ԼһӺ˹ԼĴһ˵ζͣŮǵϢе㲻ȣβ̺죬Ҳɿڵ
ɵشƽһװͰ͵ƿʲô˹ûУΪΪ
˹һ㣬ʵ֪ıʣĿġһľ
˵İɣ
Ŷ
Ϊʲôأ
˵˲㰡ʲôû˹ϣ̧ۣԲԲ΢̵ӣ޹ģʶ֮ǰ֪˭˵УֻҴĿĽӽġ
˵ǰҴӺϰǴΣ˵˵ʵһֱ֪Ϊʲô
ҿСͯϣʼ£˹ʱʹ˸壬˵ʮ
ҶԺʮָȤҶ˵㣬ҾӺ̳ҷ˺ܴŪĶŰŪϰ
Ϊʲôģ˹ʣ㵱ʱңһ鶼ûУˡ
ţΪеö࡭
öࣿ˹̱Цˣ˵˹˲𣿡ס֣һѳϾʱȣھ£˶𣿡
ȻǸϣ΢̣˵㵱ʱһ׶㣬һҪ̵ôܶøأ
˹΢΢һⲻܹң㲻֪ҺöңҵʱԹҲǺġһ£أڻ𣿡
ϣɤ͵ذںܺðϲ˹ˡ
ŶǢˡСr̲סޡ
˹ºÿĴԭԹɢһ룬ʣµһСҲڱڻ
ɿ°ͣԼָ侲Źң㻹ûôǵĺڰ񡣡
Ǹǵðɣһҵ˱ء
Ǹˣ˹΢΢һ㵱ʱҵ۾㻹ʳרŸ𣿡
ǰ͵˵ʶ֮ǰˡҲμһȥصӶţյҾͱһͷ޴ħɽΪ˲ץֻһֱɽܡ˺صˡ
ûбֱŪˣ˹ʡ
аܿͰɿ־Ϣˡټʱ˽⣬ûж롣֮ңΪ˱Ҿȥʳ
˹Ц֮Ҫʳװ
Ҫô˵˹ϣһָĴϣ˷ǳã˷ҵųԵġ
˹ַˣĶ㡣ǡ̲סҪȥˣ𣿡
Ҿ𣿡ϣЦ˵
˹ۣô˵֪ûϵ
㲻Ҫܹ˹ֲġϣ˿ͷϡϾؿϸȽصһ𣬽ֺȾĺɫָͣѩ׵ļ˼ˡ
˭ģ˹ɤļҲ۵ùǺ
ԼģҾоԼɵȨ
˹Իӣˮɫͫº͵Ĺ⣬û㡣ұκ˶ϣɵһ¡ǱҲˣС
ΪʲôҺϲ
˹оֿʼˣְһ£Ц˵ոջ˵ϲҡ
Ŷϲ㣬Ҳϲѽ
˹ģȻ͸ǳĹ⣬ʵ˿
Ƥ۵ױ䡣
ϣҲڿƵᣬޱȡ˹ĵһġ
㶨ôԺͱȥ˹һᱻϵġøֵԴж֮˹ĺøּɣ͵Աɡ
˹ɫ̨ӳ£Ī⡣ãЦһаɡ
Ư۾ʣ˵˵㶼ϲʲôĶ
˵ϲǵĳɡϣЦӯӯغ˵˵
˹΢΢һ٣ǡûеģһʱҲ޷׷ϡ
ϲˣЦʣ̰ѶԷƫա
ǰϣ˵˹䣬ÿδͻƽɵʱҾͺϲٱ˵̫ˣļ磬ݵֱ΢΢¡ļ⣬ʮо
˹ҪǱȣΪԶҲ޷õơ
ʲô˹ʡ
ᰡЦŸ㻹㡣
˹Цôڿҡ
ϣ§סĲӣԼķѹŴ˽ңҲҡϲģԴ˱ȣƣԼ
˹ǰһվҾ̲סˡ
Ůıõҩ˹޷Լͷصȥ


70 
ϣѧԺ¥ݼѼ˷ų, Ҫúѧϰ˳ȥ
뿪ѧԺܳʱ󣬼˲شź߳
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ƮĵŮЦӯӯվڲ⣬ϸ׵ָָָ㡣
ʵһʱӵ⡢һʼĵ⡢һʵƿʽһƬ
, žˡСrп
һʮͭҡ
ʳԶݳƷ
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ϣ
ȻƷλġϣر⣬ƻôȤ𣿡
ϣһۣ촩żӵȹ, ﱧһֽӡ
ҵļְƬͰװЦеؽ͡
׬Ǯϣʶʡ
, һ£Сʱ, ׬һöҡ
ô٣ϣɵ۾
붮飬ЦŨ, ļѣǮĺ׬
ϣû˵϶˹Ļ˵˴ԭʼƸ
ŲŻô, ˳衣һժƻ, ʾѡ, ѾΪٽӴߡ
Ҫˡϣͷֽӹϰֽתȥ
ϣ׷
ϣ¶͵ͣ½Ų΢һ±飬һƽתúֻܽ΢΢̧°ͿˡһηȻ߰ͷ
ϣĺϲ㣬Ͽҵ˵ϣҿһҺϲƷʡпܣϣǿԼѡ
Ȼϣ¶߳Цݣٴ򷢵
΢΢һȥĬ룬ӿڴͳֻĥɵǦʵݹȥ㣬ǸСƷҪҵʱҾͻӦ
ϣһƽؽӹĴΪ𾪡
ʲôСƷⲻ
Ǧʣǻ֮
ǦʣЦݣҲҪȥˡһټ棬һЩǮԱĺö
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ϣ̨ףеɻ󣬡ʲôƷʱˣ
Сrԥһ£
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Ҳ²ǣϣ˵ˣô˵Ҷ֮Ĺˣ޽ĺá
ֽһȥȥޣ֣в׼ۼҪֶסլࡣԵģҵĿҲСܶࡣ
һ·ֵۣߵľˡŻûطϣСr̵һ·
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Ұƻ֪ôˣûиƻϣͣ»ͷ۾ôĶԼ֡
ôˣСrʡ
ˡ

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ﳤһСѿСr
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Ϊ߽ʦˣǲζ֮ѾԵƻˣ
Ӧϣ˵Ĭ˼룬ӿһɲƻͻܵİɣܰҵֺ͵ַȥɣһƻ֮񲻺õܵʲôұɣ
СrϣʺҲŵ
ǰשķһ֣ѾԿɫݶˡ߹ߵĻ԰ѩ׵ĴʯĻ̳СȪѼܡķӺͻ԰ͬС졣
ͣһӵĻ԰ǰϣװĴӱֱУ˳ûȥйҵԱߵСŷ߳һ꣬ѩ׵£ñӣñ¶ɰľ
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Ϊ֪˲٣Ұʱˡһϣ
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ʵ⡣ϣЦ˵
ʣһü
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Ŷ˵ˡϣʼ£߽ʱſꡣͣ½Ųٻһܡ
ⶰӵĲǵ͵Ĳٷ񡣿Կó֮ǰʹżҾߺװ꣬ûиĶ
Ŷʯĵذ壬ǽһɡܺѸ߽Ρŵľǿǳɫǽֽɫĵذ塣ɳǺɫƤɳ̺ҲǺɫġ
ϣԿ϶ɳ͵̺һҪ󻻵ġȥңֱǰڸʽ
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ƺڤûд͵ľ飬׼е̫ˡ輸ϰڲ£ֿһȲõĳ
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еԱҲһ޷Ϣ˿׶Ҳûв𡣡
߽ƻļ䣬ÿ˶׵ġһʱڵģ
㿴ң΢΢ƺ鲻
԰Ҽǵÿأһ۾ϳˡ
иص㣬ܶණģģ뵽ľ㿴ġ֡ɽֻдŵϸڲԼġ
ԼģϣЩȡ
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𴽽ǣ뿴ʱڵ뿴Ҿͱȥ㿴
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΢΢һЦָһɫĹâն䡣â˲佫ôۼˡ
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ǣͬʱڣû˹ӵôСΪõһɬһԸеĻ
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ڼþмҪÿô˧꣬ľôݵİŶˣǿ
ҿˣȥɡϣЦӯӯ˵һǸϲ
Ϊʲôʣ΢ָٴνһǿ⡣۾ڱεһ˲䣬Ů˵Ϊʱڵ̫¶ˣȻ뱧Ǹʱ
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Ľë΢һ¡һ˲۾ڵϸĹ֡
ϣЦһ£ϵĲͽƵ첽߹ȥδ§ͱһקȥȦ
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𣿡ҲЦ
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̧֣Ȼűûиһ
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군⣬ϣϴϴ֣ϴҡ
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΢΢ƻˡ
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Ŷعһ񣬡ǸܸлҾӦȥǻ֮ɣ
ҹˣҡ֮񵭵˵ܻأôŪ

ϣɫӵؿо񿴵һڰ
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֮΢΢üǷʲôȤ£ǻۡӦý֮񡣡
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һϴֵۣܳԼѸСβȥߴŮЦڻ࣬˵㲻ԤֱӲ̶ѽ
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ϣЦһƻŴʲôԴ鶼õһ¾ͷˡһҪʵŶȻҾͰ㽻ⶰӵˡӦúԼͷĺһѵ
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ŶǾ԰ɣϣЦ˵˵ƻͷúܡʵ£ǧŶ
Цеر߳ϴҡ
ǽӭ
ץӣ΢΢е㾪ȡ
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ϣƵ˵ͷءһӡ
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΢ҶˡˣƴŲȣҪ
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ӵ͵һ
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71 
, øֵһ֡
ϣ۾һǾзһ
żȥ׵ڶ¡
ֻ΢΢, סǱŮĴͷֿ, üûиоζ, Ź
, ԡͷ
ϣ, һֱĴȥȻ֮
ͷǣȴ㿪ˡ
ŶˡŮ˵
Ц, ɤ, ôͻȻҴˣһֱӻֵġ
żһ, 㲻ϲƺ𣿡
ڵﷺ, ˵, ϲ
ιιӾе㲻Ծ, źڷ˲ϴ, ˵Ǹɣղ˵ⶰӵҺѵУʲô˼
Ŀϣ, Ϊʲôϴӣ
֪, Ҳ˭ſûİɡϣڽ͡
, Ұɣղ˵Ҫ𣿡
˼ϣһ˫, ǻشĻ, Ҳǻش֮Ļ
, Ǻڰ񣿡ӵ۾͵ŵĿ־Ĺ⣬ûƭҰɣôģô˸ҽ̤ڰҪ˹
ϣһ־Ķ䣬һ룬Цӯӯ˵úðŶҪãӣƤ
šӦʣȥץӡ
źڰ֣֮ͫ׵𣬸оԼҪϢˡ
ŶҽƴȣԾͼϣҾԲܱ˹֪ڰҡ
ʵ㡣ϣƨһѣȵط
ѧϣӱڻ
˵ϢϮűصϺȫȫ֮ζ
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һͷ̯Уˡ
ϣסֱۣ߸Ьڵذġա
ŰȹţβųһβĹΣźɫȹҡҷţŷ顣
֮ź۾һϣһ
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ո߸ߵؾ˸ӡ
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˫ֳϣ΢΢ȫѹϣдڹԢ㣬˷һ¸ҶǮ
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ų˶٣΢΢ȡ
ܶˣĸ嵰һˮϣӣѾϰƶʽʵۡ
ʲôʱرأϣһ߿ȥһʡ
ôܸߣ΢
ܾúܺ¡ϣʵʵ˵
ʲô˹֪𣿡ļ΢΢ʹס۾ʣô£㡭ֹϵɣ
ԭзۣ仰̾ϸ۾ȤŤͷǸ
ʲôϵϣЦʡ
˲һ㲻̫õסʱеĻţֱ۹
Ӽм䰭£һѾסö䶪£˵أ˵ʲôϵôܵ£ⲻ²Ż𣿡
ϣ򽹼ʹ۾ô綨ιϵģû뵽һӼ
æֱۻסĲӣĺ󾱣ǰΪġ
׿ڳϣһƬﶥ£Ƥϣʹ˵Ů˲ϲ̫ȥ
ɳ£Ļһֻ§һָֻڷϳŲأ˹ʲôϵ
ɤ˿ŨŨĴ⣬ȥˣΪعˡ
ϣ۾֪˹ǹ񣿡
ҵȻ֪㲻֪𣿡
ƻļҲ֪ġϣЦԹղ׷Һ˹˵Ĺϵ˹˻ʱǺܺõѡ
ôأʡ
ڣϣԺӿ˹סѹ׵Ļ档
գգë˹˵ǺܺõѡѼһֱôûɣ
˲£ʲôʱùһ£׷ű˵Ůܡ
Ŀ⣬Ů崿޹ϡ˵˹ȴ˵ڡСϴ½ѾͶڰˣΪѡ
ʵιϵڡϴ½˸ôأһΪͽɡ
̫Ҳ̫Զڸҽ֪ˡ־ìܵ
šϣЦƵԺ󣬲ͷԼʹ۵Ҳ˿Ŀ
ô޵ᴥͲԽԽԽԽȡ
ؼǵʹϵƤ˵ۡ
ʹۣѻ΢ĺţһҲҶⳡת˲š
ιιչһ±˵۾𣿡ذϴﻹиء


72 
ôģ, ſϣʡ
ϣŴ⣬仰Ŀ˻촽΢, , Ǹˡ
, ֪֪ڵΪΣ, ֻ̤񴬡˹֪ˣô룿
㲻ǴӦΪұһ𣿡ϣЦʡ
ֻ˵˵ѡӶ쳰Ц
ϣƽ͵ڻһֻӣʲô޷ʩչ
ôֲĿҵͷҪ֪߱Ϊ޾䡣ֻſɱȻڻͷҺڰ񣬵û˵
ϣ䴽, ӿڴóǦʶӵצצԡӵͫ׾ҵ, еЦԡ
˽ǻ֮, һ۾ⲻǸͨǦʡŶСģҪѹǻ۴Ҫˡ
еġ˵
ϣ΢ϴ֮˵һΣʱֻϾ˼¡
򴽣ɫ۾΢, ŮɱӾǺ񡣡
ӣ
ϣϸ׵ָᰴǦϡ
ӣȵȡл
ҴӲ˵Ļ, ϣָǦ, ֻԼ㲻һֱǻ֮𣿱ԹôŪ, ڻ
ǦͻȻ촷ۣ̳ϣָ´ܳγһֻƤ۾ֲ
Ǹħ۾ǻһŪ
Ƥ۾»һȦĿ΢ЦĽŮͣһ£װϡ
գգۣԳһ㲻˼顣
һɫĹâ£ϣζһˣŴĸӳȹɫѥ
ģһŮӵģ˼ǵ侲ȻϸͷǱǰһ㡣
ţץסˣʣɫƽ࣬ƫԪ͵ɤûԼݣ˵˽⣬Է϶Ѹ˵Ĳ˵ȫ˵ˡ
ϣ⸴ӵضһ뵽ȹвΪ֪һ棬ȿȡ
ѸٻԼ滻·ûдй
صģЦе˵ÿλ·㶼ȹҲһ
㾹Ȼûȫ꣬ŵ㣿۾Ѿ¶ҲͲװˡ
΢һ£˵𣿻ڴǷ
ϣᳶǣôôǷ˵ΪõƷȽر˵ֻü
ԭˡͷָһ£һСɽӵĺ˵һղŵĻ
ͣ˵Ҿ˵𣿡
ղ˵ûбȫŵ㡣ϣѧ
ĻôôࣿǺ
ллұȽϲԼ򵭵ɨһۡ
ҶϲԼӸĪ˵ʶצצȥƵƬ۾εطǶûˡֻεϵëצצ
ϣǸģҲֻݹ׬Ǯƽһ·ʱҶ⣬ûпÿġ
ȵȣӺɵؿֿϣΪʲôҪǰ·Ůʲôͷô˽ֻ̤񴬣
޹أ㲻Ҫôءϣޱ˵
ô޹أҵĺѡ
Ҫһݸ֮ԼϣĻ˵
ԣû⡣ͷӶͳһŷƵƤֽһϾɵëʣ֪֤ܲԼҲҵȨû˭ҸԼ
ϣ΢΢۾룬û뵽ǻҲϷȨ
ֻǱ˲Ҫģ򿴳ʲôЦŽͣЩԸҽӽһԶǵȨ
Ҳûʲô˲ģֿʼ˵ȨҲٰˡʱ䡢Լһֻÿס죬ǿʼɡŮЦе˵
ӣħ
ƤֽдЩʲôݸϣҪԼ֮дȥҲһֱӸԼ
㲻Ӳ˼صɴ۾һдҳΪūأҲԼ
д㼴̾ҲԼ΢Ц˵
ϣٵɨһƤֽдĻܼ򵥣ǻ֮..еļ֤£֮ԼֻҪԼݺͺˡ
֮û𣿡ʶʡ
˾֡˵ûĲɣȡ֣Ǿ
ιιҪԺ𣿡Ӳؽе
ԴתϣǱߣº͵˵ԭǻ˵˾ҵ֡ǸдǿǺѰҿ֮ǿ԰õ˵ġ
ЦʮСʱҵĶԼЧ㽫һ겻̡ʲôϣˣھǸ񡣡
졣
ϣͷƤֽд£ϣ.ջ֮дţ²κʽϣ.ջ١²κʽ
֮ϣ.߿˻½Բκʽ֮ͼϣ.
ֶһǰô˫ͮͮ۾ԿԷŬԼҳ©˺һӺܲĵ˵һж뵽ˣûʲô˵ˡ
ܺáϣͷԼݸӹȥһƤֽʧڿУһƬŽַƮڰС
һСסϣָϻһ¡ϣƺһָϷһѪ飬ڽɫַ
ð΢ָһ˿ڣ˿̺סˡ
ôˡֱõͱһצצ
ӱ˾ֿڣһѪƵƮڽַȥ
ȡԼһѪַһ˲䣬ַĹâھ˿硣
ǳ󣬾Ĵϣְۣȹڣÿ衣Ƴӡžһĵ˴ϣæ̻
ͷ̵úúõģʵؿαϣЦеעϣ
ҳһ㣬ȵڽֵϣһ˿綼ûС˭벻۵Լ
Ƭ֮󣬷ͣɫַҲһͬʧ
ͷԼѳɡ
ϣæҵͷȹǣͺˣ
ӣ
ţ˵ô뿪ˣһݹȥ
ϣеƣֹΪʲôȱǮ
ɲµ뷨΢Ц˵ܼ򵥣ҵǮ֪ʶˡùˡ
ϣȵۣû뵽ǻ֮ľ羹Ȼôߡ
޴ۡ
ϣƳһۣ˽ʾûʸ˵úÿ
ˡ
ôٻɡ˵Ҫ뿪ͻȻʲôƵؿӣǸˡ
ָһ£ӵĲ̷ɳһС򣬡㲻˵԰ؼңΪֹ
뿪󣬿ݵĳĬС
Ƭ̺ӲΡΡ̧ͷ㲻İΪֹɣ
顣ϣ΢΢û˵ʵҲ֪ʲôʱԭ
һ·ήҵظϣصֵķӡ
ϣ¥ݣ쵽սǵʱСrѼջˣòʵʵѧУ¥ݼɣ
žһһڽűߡӻûٶʧСr˻ȥ
ϲѽ˼˵
Ҫ⣬ϣЦ˵ڻһֻӡ
ܰôأǻһߣӾͿʼֻɱȻҪڰǻҲû취ֻƲ㡣б±ظ
ϣүƵĶȡ
ϣ촽΢̣ûƽϣƿҵš
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ˣôòȥʲôֵĵط˰ɣ˹ǽڵذϣŤͷſڣһĨ⡣
ûиܵˮӷµۣ𾪵ػڵ澰
߼ʵĺҶһµĴ֧ÿһ涼йŵԼӿд𶯵
ǡͽĵ棿
Ѱȥ𾪵۾ȨȾ͸ȼ䣬һſŵıʯͽǵźš
˹
һǰɣǰɡ
צצ۾ŬѶԷ㡣ꡢϲˡƺȫˡ
𾪵ؿһ꣬𾪵Ťͷȥϣңⲻİɣ
ġϣ˵
ӵһͫٴε𣬡򼾫ôšҲ֪ܹλλѾŪˡ
ڸ˭˵˹ʣֻģȫôɰӣһֻġ
ϣƳһӣۣԴؿдʺš
֮ʱ־ᣬû뵽
λͬûдʱ䣬Ҷ˽Ⱥصʱ򣬴ҲźȻͳһȫ
֮󣬾һһεս֮ԶžҲٺ˹ͺϷ֮
ûͼսһⲻˡλһĵطû˳ĹҲҲ򲻹ɲҲ졣
ְĿ͵͵Ͷϣж˾衣ڰǻۡ纣ôԸĽ£϶ԭģɲܽΪ
ҼӡϣЦӯӯذӷڲ輸ϣԼһˮ
ܿ컷һֱۣҲýġ˹ͷǵλشûǺۡ
ԭֻ侲ļ飬ͫӳŮѩ׵ƤϸĲ뵽ѪҺڵζ˲򴽡
ҽúѧˣϣ۶գغĶҲûȥΪҵ̫࣬Һܶ˶Удˡ
д𣿡˹Ц
дˡϣˮѱӷ¡ͷ˹ְҪȹˡ
˹úᡰšһɿԱߵϣʲôʱ뿪٣ϴһҪ̻ٱˡ
ϣŴ¾ܿ졣
ٴ𾪣ԭ֪ڰĴڣôģ·𿴵λ̵ñ΢ЦŸԷϣһһ
һҹ֮˯üȣԽԽߵĽŮе־塣ֽŸڿԹԵԡ˯ʱﵽ˶㡣
ùӡúڰðΣյϴ½嵰ǻ֮ԭǿǩ²ƽԼúĸԸֻ㡣ʲôģֲ˹ΪʲôҪϸ

ϣûóȥѧУǷԸԷͣһڣ˳
֮ɣû²ۣ糿ջһöʺۡƷλѡȹرŮ
ˡЦе˵ҪҷԼߡʵ̫˼ˡ
ϣ
ܣЦЦʡ
أڿϲˡ
ϣЦϡ档
ʲôӺشſյڡ
ϣڵϣϵ󣬴ӿڴͳƷڷźá
°ʯӡտ͡
ӾȵۣҪٻ񣿡
šϣۣ˹ջssrҵʱ䡣ǰͬסķˣʱݷεð½һ¡
Ů촽΢ΰĹ⣬һǿϢʹ¡
˾ȵؿĺѣ۾ʾˣֱ񽵣ǵж༢ʰ
ϣۣ˹ŰɫվڳԡɵеЦԷȴһĮ
첻ѧ𣿡˹ʡ
첻ȥ
˹Ĭһ£ҵô죿
ԽѽŮ˵ǰְֵؽң𣿡
ŮŶɫ˿ȹĵ壬°Ļһ쳣
ͤͤվǰ޷ܾ
ᴹɫᶯ˶ﲻѧϰĵط𾪵ͫŮʧСС
һ룬ǳһķܶ񣬶컨塣ϳ˹鷿˹ƽϲ˵Ū顣ĴָҲĳ
ѧʲô˹ʡ
ϣϸ׵ָ˵㴽Цӯӯʣѽѧʲôأ
˹Ŀ̺Ĵϣ𼸺ÿһѧϰǸա
˲ë߰뷨ڲ˹ûɫռԼĴԡʹǿԺô̵ǣ
תһ飬ѩ׵ҳৡ޳ÿָ䷭ѧɣҾԺõϡ
ϣ̽һۣˮ
Ժ˲両˹Էдų˵רҵ֪ʶרҵʿ̡
Լµʲô˹˵ֲεֻ˹ᡣ
ſڵϵ֮ٴ𾪣ô˵˹֪Ĵڣ˵·𿴵˻ñĶֶһˡ
һһŶҲһ
˹ֽд˿У׼⣬⴫ʹ
˵Ҫ顣
˹΢΢һ٣ϣ˵ңϾͻ
ָָƽĵطĸӡ
ϣͷԹԵ£ӱϥϡ
˹ע⵽һֻӡֻôôϲԸץֻÿġſڵĹʹڴߣ飬ת˳ȥ
鷿ʱֻнɫּڿƮ
ʲôʱأ̲֮סʣŮãϲʡǾ̫ƽˡƾʲô˾ͿдñĻᣬȴҪһֻӣ
㶼ˣֹһ˵ҳҺܲ˩ߣҲҪҸ˵Ļᰡ֮˵ҵʢղǲġ
ôʲô᣿ϣ
ҵˮʰֲû˵գգͺ۾ұȥɣҶǩԼˣ㻹Ҷʲô㲻ԶֻӰ
ϣеЦڰȥҳ˹ǰ·ϴˣڱȥҪ㱼
ҿԱ·ģֲɵѽұȥȥϣϲŤţŹ
顱һ£ˤڵأһɫУӻָӡгſ۾һֻƬ۾
һʱӦ۵С۵ػӡ
ʱűƿˣ˹˽Ҫ˵۾
ͫӳĺ֮񣬳ڵϣϴźɫĲף˫ַϣϣʮ޳
ǡ͵͵ˣ
˹ۣ˸дţȰǶ顣
ԭ
ǡء


73 
һ׾, ϸխδȣȫûһ˿׸⡣ҲرǸĪĵ֮, ϸ˫ۣ°ͣһֻƬ۾, ׵˹İࡣ
ڵϣ޳ĲһֻƤȦ, ׶һϸͷץϣС
˶һµؿſ, ˹͵۾
žһϣϰӶ, , ҲҪǣ, ҲϲϷ
ˣ
˹߹ϣ¼һ, ͷҲ, ɿļʱ
˹ҽ͡˽Ͱ͵˵
˹, ľǺʡ͵ҵԿ𣿺ǽݵصˮ
Ŀ, ŴͷҭҭŮ, ΢ļ, һ¼ˡæӵ, ĺ󱳡
ղšʲôˣɤʡ
Ҳ֪, Ů˹, ޱس, Һú㣬ͻȻҽԣ˵ҿ塣
壿˵Ҫѿ˲䣬Ȱڹժ
ҽ͡
ԡ˹˵
ĵ̣һйƶģʵѹһ롣Ͳս͵ѹһǴۿۡ
޷ſƤճýģûһ
ͷǺʧȥ˹꣬ᱻ㱼ӡǡ㱼ԣ·ˡ
һĻɫâϱ·
ϣƳһۣ۾϶һֻĵƬϴҵĻۣ¶׳µӣÿһſӶϵڿ
ǽϵֲø˹ֿѡΨһǣ˹ϵ˹İϵ
ݵڿд˵˵˵
Ҫ˵飬Ӻˡ
ϣ΢΢תһ£˹ˣѼ۾úģС󣬡˵ʲôɡΪ˭˵Ȩ
˹һۣŮ۾ֻӡ۸ˣļ˵ĵߡ
ȷʵ֪ࡣղһ˲ˣƾ˭Ҳ޷ܺѸϲŮ̹ԡǻعеΡ
ˣɤ˵ʵ
ҲȻ˽ϵҲֻ˵滰ơ
ιιιֿԷɵôϲ
飬ġǣƻָ£ҵġ뱨û뵽ˣӡңܱ㣩ϲֻ루һسӣҵģû¶塭
ϸ۾ղŵĻһ붼˹Ķоǣӣϲֻҵ塣
ôһԺбĳһʣԼ
ΪԼдŲܴϣ£һ˵ؼ־ͻᱻ
ϣ߻һ΢Ц
һ˲˻ˣ·𿴵˽թ֮񡣳ǻۣû˭ܰô۵ˮ©ģֱڲ߽ںõĿӡ
˹Խӵñ䣬ͷǺУԲСúú룬úôԼԼ˵
˹ҡ
㲻˵ˣѾ֪ˡ˹ؿ
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ңȰԶң鷿playղŶϲ塣
˹һ£ɤвһ㳰⣬ȷʵҲˡҵ鷿ǸӣȦ
ǰġھͺԼڲŲãŪǻۻߺ죬ҲĿѿ
Ժˣ˹΢嵭Ϊѡ
˹˹˶ʱÿ⣬ûаҡԴǶñĲ֯ġ
ΪԼ׵ı׾ģ򶯵ϣ·𿴵Ӿһؼʱ򣬱ԩ˾˵Ļ
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ղڵʱӴϵȥˣؾͱˡҵʱܺ£˵ĻܶҶû塣룬Ҳʲô飿
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΢΢е㾪ȣֻСèһʶԲŻԤԵô׼ԭԼĳȴ˹ˡתתϣ
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򵥵һ˹ЩϢȡǳɫһЩҲ֪Ϊʲôһϣȫʧ
ĵطӲţԱ߷ŵõĮһͷϴŴӡӣ֯ë¡
ðɣһ˵ëŪˣ˻ʱʱоͷۡϾЩĶʶԵk
һӼӽë֯ȥû£֯úܿ죬˵kһ̾ͺˡk𣿡
һߣ
һɴСëһ֯kôϲ̣һ߰
һǡ
ˣن¾ͰҵŮŮ봩úÿװͰ͵˵
Ŷ
ʶ⣬˹üƺܲ
ôˣϣʡ
ͷͻȻеۣûϵһͺˡ˹˵룬ÿ˯ö̫ɡ
Ϊʲô˯̫أϣе㾪ȣһŵ׼ʱڴ𣿡
ˣ޷˯˹Ƴһۣ㻹ǵðɣֵĻ
ǵðϣͷΪѳΪԼÿ׼ʱһЩܰĻ䡣
˹΢΢һ£ܰ
ţ𣿡ϣеɻ󣬡䳳޷˯𣿡
˹עһЦһȷʵͦġ
ûа취Ūأϣʡ
ûС
ǰأϣʣ᲻ˣ
˹Ĭһ£ÿӴﳤʱֱ۶ˡӲͣѪ⣬ǰԷʳһͶýʳΪľʹѪ
¡˵
ϣᴹǿװ£֪ʵ˵ġѪ⹩ģôһ¶ûأ
ס˹ˣá
˹ɨһۣŮȫȫͷķƴɢȥ˴롣̴ǣǿʼѧϰɣѧղŵ
ϣ˵Ƶϣ˳ϣҲѧ˹ˡ
˹άɫ΢֪
ϣ§סĲӣĿͣĴϣߣҰɡ
û̡˹˵ȥΪŮ̫˵ϢڲϣܿȾһ
ϣָ˲䣬øͣɫ
һ֡
һõķֺϣɿ֣ȥúý̰ɡȥʱһ˫ֱۻס޷Ų
ѧɡ˹̧ۣǸ嵭ģɤƵúɳ
ôѧѽϣ̲סЦҪѧĿˮ
ⲻ𣿡˹ٻˮ·ʪˡ
ϣ
ûӣ˹ǣɿֱ۷Ź
ϣæµվá
漴Ҳվָֻ飬ժһöɫָָϡָ˲˿ذסָ
ʲôϣָ̧֣ϿһȦÿһ϶ﶼϸϸĹâ
ͨԿףֻҪ룬ͻᵽ˹˵
ϣһЩʲôͿиһ֡
össrңŻ
壿ϣʱоһϣСr漴𣬡ζ㲻ֻҪԸ⣬Դžӽ
ҷ𣿡
ۣ㲻ỹûsrܹssrı˰ɣ
ϣûüָժ
˹еذס֣㲻ϲ𣿡
ǣϣҡҡͷŻҾ̫ˡ
˹Ц˵㲻ҪΪİȫģǵġֻҪ˳Ҿͺˡ

ϣϳ⿴ĽֵЩӣ⴩Ҷ΢⡣
磬ѧԺûѧȥȡȻ˹ûÿλؼҶ
ĿͻȻһ£ϣλһˣг˫ϼһֻƬ۾ǳɫĻۣˮ㴹¡
㡣˰һֻƤȦӷϣϡ
ϣһۣϸ۾ɵġ
ƽֻӣιԺܲ˶ԡ˵ҪҪ˵ʱһȡ
˽øĪڸǽţϣ˳
ӵͷ
Ƴһϸ׵ָпĺôһȥĸʹˡ
ҽ㣬ԺҲҪŶŮЦӯӯ˵
ôɤʡ
Ҫ̽ҵˣżʲôҲҪ˵ȥҪΪұܡŮϸϸ˵ǳõɫָظӣϡ
˵ɫԽԵøĪ⣬ָᴹƽһϢͷԸһΪ㡭ܵġ
£Ӱ˲ʧڳ
һ嵭Ĺ⣬ȻƮ
գգۣſŮϡ


74 
, ̵һ·ְɡСr˵
ϣһԴһԺӦ̰ɡ
һʮķֺøֵԼʮssrҡСrر
ô𣿡ϣ־ȡ
ڿ, ټǵ齥, Ȼ׵÷ʱһ, ỻϲ
ԭŬһ£ʣʮˡʱҪʲôأСsrСs
, 
һҲ
ʲôСrʡ
ΪʲôҲܴǻۺõأҸоһֱҺơʱʱһҪͷֵӡҲ㲻ܴϵõ𣿡
Ҳ֪, Сrͷ˵ÿÿԻúøֵÿǻ֮ƵʱϵͳĲֶ, Ϲһ
Ϲһϣ˼ظ
һ·, ӽѧԺʱͣϣѾ˯ŵӱ, ԾУ԰ȥ
ѧո, ½߳ѧϣҸײϣһȦС·ȥȼˡ
ǳĵϡˡ, ϣȹȻϴ绹Ǿ쬵ġӱһȡů
пŴһ˺߸衣ŽŲٽ, ʧˡ
һȹӵĽŮ߹ޱ, ŵҲûϳԼļ, ϣᱻһ
, ˡϣ˵
, Ұջˡ
һ΢һͬʱڵϡϣ߹ȥʰϣְѲ޼
Ѿѹķñӡ
ɣҴؼҡϣӣȥ
ϣʱԶڼķձһ
ƣǳ¡β㡢ƤЬӡŶɫ׺һֻƬ۾ЩȫԵģĿһ׾š
ޱƬ۾һۡ
۰ˮƬǴģҲģھĲ߻һöССʯ˭صĶͬ۸񲻷Ƶһϴأ
˶ȷϹ𣿡
ȷϹˣ˵Ƕ˵ûϴ·ҸѡǣΪɵ
ᡰšһ𣬻ڿŵƬ۾ӿһֻ֣֮ϲռƬ۾ٻʽһϣǵƬ۾
᲻أҲпܡϣѡʡ
ƻԸ
ת߳ץʱͳ챾дһ䡾㡿һŻ꣬մƻ˽
⿴λսߣƻȷСŲ͹ˡ
ôˣţһֱںúõͯ
˭ʡ
񣬼С
һֱ۵ضָˣһ㶼ż
ƻնһ飬Ķʹһ޿ˣС˵֮񡣡
΢㶼˵ʲô
ƻָС˵ṩժȡߵֺסַҲ˵Ҫȥҵƻ
һĨЦҲȥƻ
ƻɫرҰףͻȻʶҶԿƻǺȨ
ҵʱ֪˵֪ǸŮŮѣһҶ졣
ģŮʣ̾ҪǿаѲʱ˵Ŀѹȥˣϣ
ֻ˵ȥһˣҿûִ֪ġƻæ˵
ͷǽ챾ϸϣ˻̾ͻȥ֪ʱǰȫģҲġ
̧ͷһʱӣӦ÷ѧˡϴҹݷðŵ£챾ѯʿɲȥ
ϣڵ̺΢΢һܲںӳԡ
˹һԵֳŲĿŮ˿ȹ΢΢¡ĺǣԼϸ֫
Ҳ˵
ϣֻðѺܲһߣӵԴ
ҶǷ࣬ô˹ʡ
ϣ۵һЦιԺܲ𣿡
ʱ㻹ΪҳϺ㣬˹ɨɶЦգˣͶԽԽˡ
տʼвҡϣ΢΢ü˵
ҪúýǶʱ·̣ͫӳ˹ĿͻȻӿһǿҵϲôôÿкӰ
ߵ£˵ιʲô˹
˹ʱβϲ̡Сﺬһ˿Ƥһ˿ܡ
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ϣûж㣬ֻ˿ӭȥ
˭ܾ˹أ
ôÿôǡ
಻㳤̣ƷʳζƷζǾ͸һҲǺܽ˵ĵط
˹ѾüŪ£ÿǶСġʹûе̣ҲС˱
ŮִĦʣǲ֪Լö࣬ÿζǳơ
ǼȾֲʧᣬƾ˭Ҳס
ϣǵ֫Ƴڵϵ챾Ƥϸֳɫͼڣϵ¹ܡֻҪ¶ϢƤͻʾ
֣㲦һ£ԲҳԭǾ䡾㡿ˡھ͹ȥòãкҪҪȷϡ
ڸ˭죿ߴ˹ִг챾ӵ䣬Ҫ
ͣһ¡ϣæ˵
˹ͣסĲʣ˹ϲҰɣ
˹Цһ£ͷᡰšһ
ɲΪһ£§ĲӣС
˹΢΢ۣᳶʲô°ɣ˭ҪˣŤͷƳһڽ챾
ϣû뵽ôͲµˣŵøС˵Ҫҡ
ʲôҪ飿˹ԽԽ䣬ϴһѹڴ𣿡£͸оơ
ģϣæ˵Ӳ˵ѣ˵Ҫ£һҪ¡
˹ǵĳ㵹Ǻ˽ס°ͣôأ˲˽ңǻǲ
㲻˺ңϣ˵ҵ°Ͷ᲻
˹ָ΢΢һɫԻһ㣬Ϊ᲻ǼˣҲǻᡭ
ʲôϣƯ۾һ˿η塣
˹עƯ֪һ㶼˵ʲôŲס
˹УʹӦҰɣұֻ֤˵˵ŮһŤҲǣŴ
˹Ťü˻סˣŤˡ㲻ѹʲô£ͱùҽ⡣
Ӧˣϣϲʡ
ֻӦ˵Ҫ飬ûдӦġ˹˵һ㲻ԵĵطҲϴһš
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ұ֤һΡϣ˵
˹ޱؿƬ̺˿ڣɤаɡ
ƵĲָѿСĳ⿪һ£Ƕĳ̶Ⱥ
Ӧ¡վתϴȥ
ıӰϣ֪ˡ۾ϴŵʱԺﴫСrһössrҡ
΢һ£ǰһ֡
˹ϲ㣬ررϲˣԸΪЭһείԼ
ϴҴһˮϣ֪˹ֱ㡣һۣβͶˡ
ǽǵʱӡˡѾˣϼӴֱй£䶼Ⱦλơʰ챾৵дϡá
һĸд˲䣬ͱӵһĻҲ֪
ֱźŵ·ܸܵЩʵļɢ
˹æ
΢΢üٶôȥңһεĵˡ
ϣеЦǸ嵰
Ȼң˹һ˵㻰ëˣ϶¡
˵ҪҪ˵ͼñĶתע
ԣԼĿģʱģֻأ
ӣϣʶڲ輸·ӡѩëϣһ˫ϸ۾תţҲ
ṴָӾ͸ʧһƮȥֵسϣֻצצϣûü֣Ӿͱһס˲ӡ
ϣæ˵
ϴ﷢˵·͵Ƭ۾е˵һ֮ġ
ŵ㣬ѻȥˣ֮ġ
ϣзɿһ˿գʱֻŶԸˣ·ˡ
ôأЦ˵֮ΪʲôҪȥϴ·ֲʲôá
ϴҳͱֻӣһ˱ġ߬ӵĲӾٵǰңҵõǻ֮ɢϢ˵˹ƺ鷿·ȥˡ
ϣ
ô֪أǻ֮ɶԷ϶ֽţҲ˵˹ͻȻָΣõʱ䡣
˵öԣ˵ʲôáҲò˶ãҾܽӵڸ·Ϣ
ƴ첻ͣ⶯ƺˡǲһؾͲôˡһ˿ǳɫĹ΢ɲĴϵ˳ڵذ
ϣǲżӦòֻôôܶ϶أ
ŤĲӾ֪ˡָˣôҾͿɥǣǽͿԳˡ
𡭡ϣĻδ˵꣬һɿֲ״߸ϵĸоХĹмҾ߶ǳı㡣ﴫ黨ƿԼŮ͵ļС
Ӷɸӣϸ۾ԲԲģ֫ɭ
ֱϣȵۣ˵ҪӵԴ
Ȼܵ˲˷ļкʧֵ䶫𣬾һ׿ֲ
ÿ㣬ϣе㵣ģھסŹ̡̻
صģƳһϣµӣЦ˵һǵļ䡣
ϴ˹ְԡˮ۾ĿǽϾʾĻ档֪̽ǲ֮ġ
ڰӵģղһ˲ΪҪӵͷһԡԭٶҪֻӣĻųҲҪ˲©ݡһһ
ԡױߵѼѼˮȥָⰴ棬ѼѼ©ˮཹ࣬û룬ͰˮС
˹һ㣬ٴνĿͶӡоʲôһֱ΢΢ϴ̨ϵĲޡ
ƴĲޣ첲һϸ۾Ǻɫ飬һߣϣĿʲôʱܵˣ
۾ʪؿ˹·̺ᡣ
ϲϲ˹ΪʲôҪһ˶ˣϣǸˡ뿴˹뿴ˡ
ѾӣɢȻֱ
һ̯ϣžɣԼµãϲܵ˼·ƣԼĺѶŹ
ϣ̲סЦ
֮ǰҵ˻ʲô֤û⣬Էֻӡ
ϣͷɲӡ
ǳľ飬еܵظоϣϲ
ȥ𣿡ϣ˵
һ´ûп
ϣӿڴͳֽʵƱЦӯӯ˵ѧԺģ㳡һǳӼᡣȫϷŶ˵бصϷšһȥòãǵһʽԼᡣ
΢΢һĿڲɫƱϣһԼ𣿡΢̡
ǰϣЦ˵Ȼȥһȥ
аɡһ㣬ų仰ƯһɨĴһףҾ뿪Ͳ뿪
ϣԥһ£ÿ㡣
ʲôЩЦ˭ҪΪùСǹˡ
˵仰ʱЦдһʧ䡣
㲻ǣϣ˵ϲġ
һڵĳ⿴һֻСޣʪվˮ
ԥż⣬Ѵ͹ȥ
Ǹûǣ һ𣬡е㲻ͬѰϣʲôʱʼˣ
ϣһ㵵תͷͫӳ˹űЦŵӡ
д˵㻰ĺſ򣬴źɫ£ɫ㣬ѥȫϴ½˵ģ
Ų֮ͣɫϵ㣬ǡ
ҵԶףϣæЦ˵ҲסС
˹ɫˡ


75 
ϣ, ˵˹ֵʱ򣬱ֳƽƺȡ
֪Ϊ֮ǰ, , ֪˹Ǻ񲻾ȡǰ, ôͻáǺ, ɾͲ̫
ûôһ׵׼
˹ģҹ۵ʱ򡣡ϣϸϸѡ
ţҵȻ˵Ժֳ档
˹ڱϣҹ۸˹ԡ˹ıֽϣž޷ͼƬ, һ𳯺ȥ
Ҫ, ֻϣֱֻ񣬲û֮͡
, ûи˭ҸоҺİ
ϣ
ǰ˭˹бţĿ޼ɵشе, ҩʦԶ֮, ϣʲôݡ
ǸϣɰͰ͵رؾֻ֡
, ˹ǳһĨڰһء
Ҳ, Ц˵񲻾ͽ˹𣿡
һʱУͬͬյ˻, ж⡣
ҼǵҸ߹, ˹תϵָ, Ҹĸġ
ҵȻǣڵͫоζͦįģֻþˡ
ʲô˼˹һݣֱֱضȥĶԷѾ֪˭
Ǹ˼Ͼع𴽽ǡ
Ŷе̼ӵ壬ϣűߣֻ²˵һǺͱط˿ڽǡڽǱóսٱɹսչս
˹˱صˮԴϣѺϻ˹˹Ҫĺ֮ˮ˱أֱӰ֮ó׼ѺȫߡǻǸµļһ˵͡
ϣƳһۣЩȣʲôʱģ
ˡ
ͬʱĻŮ͵С㣬Ѿ׼ˡ
һʱ䣬ڱðޱȡ
ϣŤͷһʱӣʱƺǰˡͷϺСΧ޸ļ䣬Ůǵʱҡ
֪ˡһ䡣
˹ĽŲԶ˺ЦſҪ¥Էأ
ƳһۣҲ¥Է
λ߸ıļ䣬˭أ˹԰ԶףҲ԰ɵҹϵѡ
˰ɣһ˳ԾͺˡϣɰͰ͵˵ɲԸڲͬʱιӤԷ
˹ؿһۣӿζЦаɣһȥҪڰʲô¥ԷòǱѰɣ
һǰһ߳˷䡣
ϣҪȥͱһߴ˳סŤͷ۾֮վԣתһĨ°Ȼһȥɡ
컻һö۾Ǻ챦ʯɵģϸϸһӾе次
㾹Ȼû㱼ϣһǻɫĻۡ
أǼò΢ЦֻǸϣҲı
벻ҪˣҶ㺦ˣǻ۵ұ˺ü汾֪ˣҰҴȺ߳ȥˡ
ҿûиϣæҡ֡
ǾǻԼɵģҧгݵ˵û׽֡
ʲô汾أϣֻȤ
һ汾˵ҲΣҵһ汾˵ҳڿ̽˵˵Ը̬ϲ㱼һ汾˵Ұڰһ꣬ǱǼңԼ·
ۣоݣÿŷ ϣ̾
ɶѾˡ˸ˣͺڰͷ뿴ˣھȥǻˡ
˹Уһ㶼ûϣû
˺ˣܵҡˣ㲻˹𣿻ҿ԰æ
ҧϣɣ˵뵽ʲô㻹ܵ½ϣͦõġ
ϲҲ˹Ц˵ϲø˲𣿡
ٿر䣬Ĭ˼˵ˡϣʹңôܰıǡ
˹΢΢ۡȻ֪ϣΪ˰ѱ˶ŬҲ֪ϣѱǶΪ˸һů
ڰ޳ܣαװ˵࣬ƭСͬġϣǸûĵļһΨһͬĶڰ˰ɣ
Ŷϧðأ֪ģҸͨ㲻һΪһֻܱһˡ
ۣؿ
˹ֱۣηػӡ
ϣ߹ȥʱͬʱŤͷһ·ô߹
ŻˣҰ˰źáϣ͡
ͬʱϣŽŵӣϸ۾ǷӣⰲҲ̫ˡ
ǣȥ𣿡ϣ¥²ͣͲ˵ŮͣɫЩ
֪ʲô⣿ɱôȥôҿİһķˡ
ġ֪ʲôϻͷųһ΢⣬ǵƮȥͬʱ˹ҲŸͬ¡
ǹƮɢڷĸ䣬ٵÿ˵ļһΡ
߽ʱβһһҲȡΨһòԾĵطǣϵĲҲ̫˰ɣŰ˵дӦеĹǶ˵ҵ档
ô£βѹʹܼңųģǵŮ˹ֶŪ˰˵ˣ˵
ǸȥӦӲʹҼǵҶˣҪʮĵˡܼҲͣһŶͷĺ
Ȼ˻ȥβѹŤ̻Цݣˣ˹۰ֶ˵ǿȺȵѩƣıߵȡ
˺ܲ˿˿ҲЦݵβվ
ϣ첲ϵļƤҪˣͷһμôĳƺǸҲͰˡ˹۰ֶβ޸˶ټ䣿
ƽ˿ǽܲ˿˿˶棬ηԱߡβֱߵһλ£ϣԼԱߵλ
˹һλ¡ֻӲͷƤм䣬ٷ㿪ʼҶҪԸġ
ҵֶŮĺˣβЦе˵ύѡ
ϣͫ׵𣬲ŵŤͷտʼǹİɣ
̴ǣҺˡ
ѣ˹ŵúᣬԷģ
ϣĹϵһͦһģƳһۣȻ¶֪
˵ʱ߱ضϣ
ϣм䣬ձԽԽ
˹΢΢ϣġѣ
ϣܿĿ⣬װûŤͷβ˵Ĳ˻Ҫܳʱ䣬а˵ˣǱ߳ԱߵȰɡ
ԶԡβͷͬҪˡǲ֪Ϊʲôˣȴһ㶼´ԷĽ顣һȻѹȸӰСġ
˹ЦһԽ
Ȼֻа˵ˣ廹ǲġϺͷţɳ˾ɡţ⡢Ӳ˺÷Ӳ
ÿһɹܼкãҨҵÿһƷ˶»Ӻ͵档ˮҲһÿȵһ־ƣ˶ỻͬıӡ
ֹʽʵ൱ģÿγԷϣܲͷһٷҪ̫ˡֻװһͱӣӱʱ䡣
ǽ죬ûˡ
Ϻ˹ϣ˵
ŶﻹСβָʢϺĴӣʾܼҸ˹ϡ
Ϻ˹Ŷϣ˵øϵһ޸ļ¡ں˵Ŀ⡣
Ǳ߲𣿡ϣòָָ
ǰιҡ
˵ˡϣæԼӵϺҨȥϣסĻ
аɣʱŹ㡣˹Ṵ𴽽ǡ
ŵָף۾·кҹڻް˸ӣ ŶĶֺܱ޲˹һ仰װ
ϣĽë֪ѹˡѾܾˡֱһЦ
ŮĵЦݣ̸գҲûиղôˡ
ϣɿ͸оֱߵ轵ŤͷҲ֪˹ĵض
˹ĬãڵЦס°תķ򣬡㣬Ҫˡ
Ƴ˹ŵĶ΢صظڲϡվɢ˲ѹֺ⿴˹
˹ʾҲվдЦܲˣܲ˲֪黹кܶࡣ
˹ϣæӣֹ˵øࡣ
һѾɵˣǴؿֵҲͰˣ˹Ǽҵ
Ҫæ𣿡ӿ֣鲻ʡ
ϣæͷ
ҵġɣҵĶҾͰ㡣Ӱ˵
ϣδƵİһ顣
צצһ΢ɲĻɫ΢˲һɻʵ鲻Խ˻ֵ޸衣
ħȾһҺˣЦݼ˸質飬˿Ŀ
ϣʲô
ֵ⡣ƽ˹ʱҾǻһ£ƽеë꣬ҺóûܡЧǻ᲻Ͳҵˡ
û£Գһ뿪ǾʹˡŶҪ㣬ЧֻܳһӡЧˣǴ˹ҾҪˡ
֪Ҳ˹Իɳȫ㱼¡
㲻˵ϣæվϸذ컹Լᣬôأ
Լ᣿˹Ц־ȥקϣĸ첲ϣƳĶæܿ
˹˲úޱȣ׵ɫ񺣵ӿİҪƽĺ棬ˣδйŭܡ
һössrңļʣʹʹһҪԣҲרһĵǰһעϵͳ⵽Ŀ÷ŭֵѵﶥ㡣
ҲܻssrңϣȾ˹ĵ÷ֹȻӲơ
òãߡϣҡĸ첲С
һߣǻرء˵
Ҳ뿪ġϣҡҡͷҵļ˶
ˣô
ҲҪߵġϣתɫӿ˹ҲҪߵĶԲԣ˹
£ӷ˹ֵ⡣Ȼ裬һ㡣
˹ָ߬£ǿŭһЩӲصͷ
ϣת
Ŀض˹Ƭ֮ӿڴͳһСĹ㣬ҵ졣ʲô£֪ͨҡܼ򵥣ֻҪһҾͿԿ㡣
ϣӹָһϸơÿһָ׸ǴСɫģŵ״д֮Ĺ
֪ˡϣߴߡ
ҡ˵һ䣬ͷʧڿС
˲ӿһɴϣݺק뵽ðźĻǰһڣͬʧڿС
ÿ˹ÿΪʲôܰãõ˹뿴һҪһ𡣺ڰ󻵵
Ľһǣѹˮ⡣
һߴӰ
еεؿŲ̯̯ӣûղŵ飬ڸ˵سŸ衣
֣˿Ч˲ֹͣǺһҵЦݺʧˣ˼ȵĿ־塣
˹𴽽ǣȵĻֱ󣬾Ǽȵʧ־塣ٶȻâǵļָ֮ǰûбĵ״̬
е˵ĿһӱеãؿΧˣΪʲôվš
ʣʮĵˣҲͲ˵ˣֻԼ˹
ϰĶʮĵˣβ˻𣬡ǹ𣿻ҪĿã㵱ҵĽǴ𣿡
ǸܼһãعŶͷĺˮһǳˣ͡
β
΢΢һЦ׼뿪һ˲ĸоӽ䴫̧ȥֻһʢÿ

ϣѹڽʯϣ󱳱ϵı߽ѵúۡǿʹ˵ŰĻ
˹ϹżЦѣԼ᣿㿪ҵ֣
̾Ѿظüʮˣϣÿһ䰲ĽһȻѾʧȥˡ
һössrҡȫޣھʡ緢Ҳרһְɡ
רһϣˡ
Ҫ̣СrЦ˵һssrء
˻ĴŽʯɫĭźζıˮϽϣϡҹĺ绹ǺģоѪѪҺҪˡ
ȡ˹ݴ㿴Ǹղϴ½ҲҲ˹ǹҪôأ
˹ЦѣԼ᣿㿪ҵ֣
ϣ
̾һסȻȴɿٱҵͬĴᴥ
˹Ľë΢΢һָһϣԥذѼָȥ
ڽӴƤʱ˲ù̡Ŀ⣬ɫͫһˮ԰׵õɫķ
˹õ𣿡С
˹գգޣͷͷƵҧһڣڻСһ΢ů紺Χǣ֫Ѹٻů
¼·ںã°ͣ˹ңûˣ


76 
صش, ҹµĴ󺣺嫶㡣һӿȵĺҹ쳣ƽѱس¹֮¡
ɫʯɳ̲ϣһŮӵһһɵɫĹâ͸ķ, ƯĻΧǲͣת, ĺ⡣
ϣ˹ϣ첲ļϡ˵ܰżںᡰšһ
, 㲻, ҲװͰ͵ġղŰƵʯϣҺ󱳶ˡԺú˵ѽ, ֲǲһ㣬ͨҪ
˹ȫǸղŷ£ֻŶҪ, һҴӦô, Ϊʲô
ϣһ, סҵϴҡ˻, ۰һѡ
Ҫû˵, Ӧ𣿡˹ۡ
˹, ǻȥ, Ůϸϸ˵, һ˵ļ仹أǲܾǲܡ
, ˹Ц, Сﲻ㡣ղ˵, ϣұ, ùͨúҵĵ̣﹵ͨһҲԡ
ϣգգۣðɣȻһҪ֪ţȷʵˡ
˹Ԥ֮еĴ𰸣ɵóۣʲôԡ㣿
ûʹѽϣ̴ǡ
˹΢΢һȷʵûʹ⡣ΪǱʶϣ͸ġ˭֪ߡ
ˡ˹ͷ΢΢¡ɤ޶˽֣ȴӦ𣿡
ᡣϣƽ˵ҴӦ㣬ͻʧȥȤˡ
˹ۣ̲סЦһ£ô룿
˹ϣЦŸȷʵϲңҾòࡣ㹻רһҾһ˵ġ
㹻רһ˹Щ⣬һרһôһζ㡣
˹ҪࡣŮɫ۾ŴջĹ⣬Ľ𷢱ɫҷ衣
ɳĮıӣɳĮɿ˺ܾõˡȻ֦ɳļ̣ûðѪҲһҪժ֡
˹Ǹˡ

һʮֺøֵԼʮssrҡ
ϣĿӳջأü컹ʮķأÿһ֣Ҳʮְ
Ѽ˷ųˣҪһ֡Сrѡ
ϣ΢һ£ļˣɫĳľ
Ǹֻ졣
û취Ҫȥ޶ķСr̯֡
ۣûģҲΪ𣿡ϣ̲סȥСrԴ
ߡСrסԼĹͷһҪƺʱ䰡ϻҪڰԼᡣ
֪ϣ˸
Ӻ󣬷ǳˡ˹һžͰѴһ֪һҵļ䶼ָˡ
˹ȥϣò˳֮
֮ڵ½û
ϣ죬˸ǷϹҵڼ˵ϣţҲҪŶ
ûлظɴġ
ϣҲû⣬ҪǼظǾ;ˡ̧֣׼תָȥ˹
ָɫָʱͻȻ˹ȻطָⲻǽŻָ
ССķ֣ϣ˯ĴԻȻѣĪ־ϲ𡣾ͻȻ˹һ
𴽽ǣתָĬ֣һĹâס
һ룬ͬâһʧˡ
ָֻ
˴ľó򱳺Ĳޱȵ˵Ҳ̫ؼҡ

ϣоƤĿĹâɢ۾
ڤ˹ͬ˹ӽĹȡȻƶ֮ϣǺɫءĺˮӵһ١ǴУϴűڲͣ
˹ͽڲԶ޴İɫһɫΧţľΧʻʢţʲôɫУֻط衣
ϣٿĵطߵĿ΢ǳʲô͵תͼ˹վ󣬾뿿úܽ΢üۣƽؿ
ȻŰɫۣŷͬɫϵƣڸǵ˺ᣬ¶һƵƤ
Ϊ̫ˣϣʶ˵롣Ǽˣ뿴ͷ
ôֲȥѧ˹ʡ
Ҫȥѧģǲ֪ΪʲôһҾر˹ˡŮЦ˵ĻҲ̵ġ
˹΢䵭ıһЩ΢ı仯ǵ仯ʧĺܿ죬ûϣָֻԭ
Įգգۡ
ŮŮҪϾͺáһֽĮһ߸մ󺰡ι㣬ŪӣһҪ֯ëءߴһŶ
Эذקصһɲǣ˹˾бڻ
ֱ仯ۿɼģȻʻ䣬ࡣ
ס
ϣоһΣһһ䲻̫İɫ䡣ƺǴõС̵Բ輸̵ķΡǻ԰ûˣһСȪھɢˮ
ϣؿȻҾȴܿաûװͺͺģ䡣˵ò輸ϳָˣҳûС
ĿһҾߣﵽ˹ϣʲôõأ
˹ʲôáǸ޵һ䷿ƽһ
޵
ϣ̳ΨһſȥȰɫűյϵģΧǽһ𣬲ϸ
뵽ź˹񴲣ѪҺǲĿǵ񴲡ôûɣ
Ȼǰ˹Ȱɽ
ջĿ⿴˹ʲôأҪҸɡ
˹΢΢һ嵭Цϡ棬ѧʲô
ѧʲôأϣĿ˹תѧһԸнӴ
˹ص޼ɵشԼ
ҪѧɡϣЦӯӯ˵ʵ޶ë
˹ͷڿдһɫ
ϣͷ˿ôأ
˹ظһ顣
žһϣ͵ذȥֵ۾˹ڸ
Ǹ˹Цͷ˼ֻһˣȻжǱʩߡ
ϣ
˹һЦ⣬˵ָ
ۡһϣ±ࡣ
ḧ˸ؿڣоϺµеܲˡ
ԡ˹˵
ʩ𣿡ϣʡ
š˹ͷ
ϣɿһ顣
һ΢ɲĹ˹ϣϣ۾һ㷴ӦûС
˹˵Ҷ̫ˡ
ϣû뵽һ磬޷ǲԶ޷ʹñ
Ϳԡ
ôϣʡ
˹óξۿ˵ϣ.ıЧ
ϲһössrҡ
ϣ΢΢һʲô
ʹñһΪǹĸԸſƣĵ·ǰһСr͡
ԭϣüеssrҵĻùˡ
ôҪʹñˣЦ˵
ԡ
ϣһοٵһ΢žһ˹ӿʧһֻɫСᰲվǰ
˾̾ǣ˹Ҳһ嵭ʡֻվñֱһֻƽ
ϣƽӣ˵𣿡
ԡСͷ
ϣ۵һЦ˹һ˵ֱɰˡ
ڵϣָıһȦȦëˮһָ컮
С΢΢Щ仯ӲŲ¡
һֺøֵ
룬ܼӷ֣
£СȻվñְֱֹ
̫ˣ̲ס
Ȼʧ£ֻҵڡ
ģҲȥġϣæ˵ԴѹϣûСĶһӾͺˡ
ټһŶ
ףôˣ
ȥС˵ղվͺˣһŰ
С᲻Ǳŵ𣿡ϣܾҪǳұҲˣôССһֻҪŲ
Ů˹ʱеûɴĳ̫ڼֱ뻢ڡ
ϣСļС󻹰򷭹ҪƤ
ˡСĶĵѪҲ侲þʧ롣Ůϸ׵ָؿֱӻȥȻֻСᣬǴԼİ
Ҳܲס˹ػָΡϣһ£Ϳ˹ͷĴȣڵϡ֣ظ˲Ӧøĵطһ죬æ
ƽҲЩ٣ᴭʣ𣿡Ȼش𣬱§סĲѹסǶĴꡣ
ֺּݣſ̹ǵ˼շת˱һϣ͸оԼⱻ˱ˡ
һֱʮܣ붯һ˹ĸ첲ǳѹĲ޷һ֡
ĴܿͱǵúҲˮ⡣
øֵķ֡һСģһǹġ
ôࣿϣʶ̧ͷ͵жǡ
˹ΪƲò䣬֮ǰѹ۸˰죬ټǣԭıʧһЩһ㵭
ǲۣһʣһҪǮƵһһϡóľǹϵ˹ôʲôСëûˡ
˺˲ˡϣæ˵ڸоʦˣѪ󣬾˵˹Ҳô˷ѵġ
˹ͣ
ϣ±ݣʼ˳Сᡣһʣ˹ˣڱĵطһܶʹñ𣿡
ԡ˹˵Ѿʹκʱ嶼Ƕ㲻ġֻҪҲһֱ״̬ڡ
ʲô˼ϣʡ
˹΢΢ղţȻұᣬһǿʱȥ
ԭϣʣԱʹñǲǲУ
˹˲Ĭʣ˭ʹñ
Ҳ˭Ҿ롣ϣ˵ϴε̫ˡ֮ܰ򣬾Ͳÿ㱼ˡ
Ǽ˹ҲһӰ˼һ£²Уһ㿪Žơ
Ŷ
Щʧ˹ֿ˸İ취Ұһ㴢ָʹñʱ򣬾䡣ҵһ뿪ңͻۿۡȻԳɹѶԷ򣬵ǶԷҲʱ
ϣһæָһԱ伸򣿡
˹ס֣ʳָָϣΡҲСЧԼҪöࡣ
һǿҵĹɫָһ˲ѹһ㲻ʣ
ϧɵ࣬ˣҲɡ˹˵

ɿر¥ڿӽŵʱ򣬷˽ŲվڷſڣĬ˺һƿš
˹ɳϣԼһֱۣۣҲ֪˯û˯ŵĶԲͷɢۡ
Ű뿪ţſûˡ
΢΢üĿڵذϣһֻƴĲޡҿ϶ǰûж
˹ۣ𣬡Ȥ
߹ȥһ㷴ӦҲûУûһһûС
˹һ㶼ֱ۾ӸµضŲޡʱһһعȥ˹Įע£鲻һ¡
ʲôʱеʶ˹ʡ
СС˵ڱصѧԺһ죬ͻȻ˼ˡ
ذ˹һ£Ϊ˿ܵĴڣһ¡һδ
ϣ֪𣿡
˲֪С˵ڵŤŤƮڰֹ
˹̧ۿϣɡ
ΪÿμҵʱҶҵ۵һС֡
ô˹΢΢ɻ
ޱս죬ǳϲ˹ⲻҪ˵˵ȥ
ǸǸҪż˵
Ŷʲô£˹ʡ
˽ûȥѧӿˡȲظ״
ţӿȥĶ˹һ㶼֡
ӿȥ˹޷߷߲ƽ˵ĺ˹õȴȥ߰񡣲ǺڰǹǻۺˣĸȲϹâɵĺ˰һ߱Լ˹İ⣬һߺݲ
ǻۺˣ˹΢΢ֶۣ
˹ˣڿȥץɡ޻ϸĸ첲˵治ף˿˹ͺڰʲôǿǧ֮һʵ֮һСΨһǱ񡣡޼ȡ
˹΢΢һһ𴽽ǣ۹ⲻ
˹ıϸ߷춶£ŷޣǶԺɫĲ۾˹̫ˣȻȻҡʲôʲôԸΪȥ
Ϊ𣿡˹𴽽ǣżƻʱܰﵽҡ


77 
ҿˡϣָԼȷ硣
ϴ½ѽ, ˹ȴյ¡ϣ¶ѩ׵ֱۣǾȡ
˹Ƴһ۹ͺͺĲ輸, ͻȻȻʲôû׼Ͳϲʳعλǽ衣
Ťͷ˴һ, пø߸ߵҬŴҬӾͳ档
ҪҪҬ֭أϲһŪĶȡ
ϲҬ֭ϣͷǺ, ںҬǱرϡ
˹˵, Ҭ֭⡣˵һš
ϣЩɻؿ֪ڸ˭˵
ڵĿ΢΢, һŰɫ۵ֳһҬӺװŵֽ
ϣһϳ˹ѰҼŵˡͱʱǳ˵⣬Ȼ˹ǮΪְͨԱ, û뵽Ǹʹ
bĵذѶڲ輸ϡħһӿȡƯĽӣѵŽȥҬӡҬӶʱʧ豭͸Ҭ֭
ĵ, ʡҬҷɵժģҲʡb˵
˹ͷ, ӵݸϣ
bƺԸ, üŪ۵˵, Ҹղȥ򵰸ʱ, 㳡˺ܶ˵ȫϷŶ, д͵Ϸᡣ
˹ᡰšһ, û˼ϣ붮ǹʹֱΪǵġ
ڰʾ˹ȥμӼᣬԼ˭Լ˹ԡ
ģæ˵ֵĻˣҲϲڳš
Ҳϲ֣Ҳϲڰ˹ͬ
b
ðɣô뿪ˡbֽһţҴææʧڿ
ҪȥѲһȦҳһٸԼ᳡áò˶ãǾͿ԰ˡ
ϣһ˰뱭Ҭ֭͸ĵҬ֭ʡһ˲صԭʱգںʱͺϲҬʳҬ֭ҬƬҬӸ⡢Ҭӿ顣
ѱӷµʱƳһʹ˹ۣƺʲô
һæ˹ˣôˣ
˹ɫ԰׵ۣûʲôӦúܿͺˡ
⼸ûͷûԵĻϣˡ
ĵˣ㲻ȥֻһСʱױˡСrѡ
ԣǡ
ϣü˹ס֣𣿡
С֣ĺ˿˹ʶͻȻоһֱֻ֣ͷҲǲˡ
Щ⡣
ʲôأϣʡ
˹ûлشƳһ۷ڽӱûؼˡ
ôأҪԼԣ
ܽģ˹Цһ£ûϵɾͺˡ
ɾûˣϣæվٴ
һ¡˹˵ǿһ£ͷʹ嶼ˡͳСϣĿڴҵ죬Ҫҵʱ飬Ҿ̵ߡ
ϣͳһһָ׸ǴСչ沼СӣƲӲӵģֿɰǻۺͰ飬һλ졣
Щ춼ʮɫǻǰǦʡǸɿõ廨СɡڰСĹСȽҪƸ죬òǽҰɣ
һúʹõġ˹֤
˹ͷˣȥɡʱԷǵͬѧѯʽҵʲôٻң
ҲҪ˯Աľ𴲡˯ҲٻҡӿˡһҪӣǵңҿԽ
ϣ
˹ÿһĺ棬ĵظ˽ֲøô졣
Цȥصͷ֪ˡ
˹ҲЦһ£Ŀָ뿪
һαþףƣĴָ̫Ѩվ޵
һֻһŰɫľ޴Ĵֻͷѵ˴¾
򿪴ͷĳ룬óһɫë߷ͷߣ±ۡ
һһֻϸϸĹ֯̽˳ץëߡ΢΢һ£ë߸֮һʧˡ
˹Ľëᶯһ£ŷԼΪʲôƵͷۡ
סʶֻţһֻ֪㵽һСëߣʼ֯ëˡʶǸĿռ䣬ȥͷ׶Եʹ
̽һʶһ£ȵط֯ëµǱϣ׹ֻиرԸǸϣ֯һ촩ë¡
Լļѱһ㶼е֣˭ܿϣأᡣ
Ϊ˱ѰëܳЪʧ䣬ʼ׼ëˡ쿴ëѾ֯Ĳˣ깤ˡ
һŶţһֳֻһë棬ųһܴԲһҵëߵͷʼһëţá
˫ַɿ֯ëı߱ߡȻ֧а취ë½ŮŮˡҪдһֽнȥŮŮİ

ϣСrֱӴ͵ѧУѾĵˣȻ̫ˣĸϽӼȡ
ҾǲȥѧУˡСr˵
ʲô˼
Ҹղȷϼ˵λãѾؼˡСrһŹֵ˵
ؼʲô˼ϣȫǾȣûҵô˽ԻؼأҸ趨·ȥҰ
ǰҲôģڵλþڼ
ϣۣҵأ
֪
ϣ򴽣Ҵͻؼҡ
СrͷһâϣԭʧһֵĽֿڡ
̤Ÿ߸Ьա߹ӻصҡսţŮ;һȵؿС㣬ʲôʱŵģҼǵһ춼ڼﰡ糿ȥѧûһˡ
ϣ΢ɫ˵ҴӺųȥģͻȻߡ
Ůûʣ΢΢Ѽϵժ
ϣЦлת¥ȥ
¥ݵʱСrھ̾ûȥѧʲô˼ǻǮ˰ǣǻ˰ÿʹҪһֺøֵ
Ҳ֪Ȱҳǲǻˡ
ԶԶԣпܡ
ϣϽݣߵԼſڣͻȻӿһɲ򴽣ָշŵϣžͱˡ
˹վźЦݺܵô
ϣһ˹Ѿˣ֪ûȥϿε¡
ȡ
˵˹ס󣬽š˹ס°;ס˴һǣһ߰ϴơ
ϴҵҲٶȹϡ˹ɿֽϽ硣
˹ϣһؿ
Ҫôлң˹ֱۣǽϿ
л㣿
֪֪Ŀʶ
ʶϣٶظ˹Ļ
˹ᡰšһ˼
ϣۣôܣ
ôܣ˹ЦԼʶȻټû˵һЩͻһ˼
Ķϣʡ
ڿ
ϣüû뵽˾ȻԼʶؼǣ˺ܹ󰡡Ϊ˼͵ǮСrsrˡ
ôǻòˣСrеɵۡ
ӦӦüأϣ׸˹
ĿޱԷɣʹѾԼӵЩʼʶʹǡ
˹Ц˵ȤһǣƺϲҡԸΪǡٸң˵ӿȥҹˣҰץԸΪκ£װȥ
ϣ΢΢üСrǵķֱӱ𣿡
ֻҪǲջʶͲõ֡Сr˵һ˿ÿǸһֵĺøֵòϼСʱͰջءЩʣȫ֧ġ
ûд˹˵ΪĶҪҾȥ
ôϲ㣬ȫһЩ¡ϣ˵
ЦƹˮҾһûҪһܵĵز浽Ǹز֤ҸҲûвˡ
ϣؿ˹䵭ɢԼĵߣһʧܣҲǴŽص˹ӵʼѲ
⽥ᣬɤҲһ㱧ǸΪ㡭
Ϊʲô˹ЦȷʵĶ˵αװȥԼᣬϵԼˡ㲻ῪĵģһԼһҲܵ¡
°ͣ㲻ҲᱧֻǵϷݣȻͻؼңǲǣ
ϣ̲סЦ㶼˵ˣһʲô
˹ЩҲŵúܵͣҾͷˣڼҵ㡣
˹ĲЭϣΡס°͡ǡ
˹ᴹԹԵؽܡ
ϣ߳ϴҵʱ򣬲һ˷ܵɳȦɡϣһڵĲŶľηͻָʶһ˿ҡ
˹ˡֵسϣȥҡȻֹ۾͵һ͸ɫסˣСһӡ
˹ˣ
˹ûϣҪæ
ϣӼ˳˹ȥ֪ѾˡҪش˹СrԺﺰҪټˡҸղŲϣäǿԻյġ
Իգϣʣ˵ܰѵĺøֵû
òô֪࣬ģĶǶˡοȷʵҲ˺ܶûһֺøֵҲûǿ
ھܰ𣿡
ڲܣҪʱ佨һճ򡣵Ҳ̫һСʱɡѾˡȥԼд򣬻ʰ
ϣ˹ܰҿ𣿵һٴ
Ȼԡ˹˵
ϣһʱӣ·ˡתȥױ̨򵥵زһ֬һСִˡ
˹ʼճĬضıӰ
˹ˣΪʲôҪңݵϸ֣Ž硣
ѣ˹ŲߣЦǲûн갡ıѣ
ҽ߾ȫȴԴҡ˷߷߲ƽ˵˵ģ˵ƻʱҾܰﵽ
˹̴ǣɤᣬѾﵽˡ

㳡˷ǳ࣬ԭ򣬱ʮɫָϸСĵ·ƳСͣСʱʱ·߾ͻһŲСһ߱һƱ
μϷأغϴ½ɫɫɫ˾ۼĺڷͲôˡ
ϣȺУǣ̵֣ؿСƷϣһ״ӼС飬ỵָֻ̈ΩΩФϣһ֧޻ǣͷҪ
Ҿͻرˡ˵
ô𣿡ϣȡ
ȥĸŮԵλһұصơ
ϣЦӯӯؿΪʲôҪأҲֻһ¡
Цһ£ΪҾãŮǶõõҸҲһǿӲЩͣ˱󷹣ϴͻõͷ
ϣ̲סЦüˣټһ˫˴ֹ˯˫ˡ
ԲС
һ޻ǳԵճ֣Щ
ðϣЦӯӯذװŴСǶĴӵݸ
أʣҿղǸ̯͸һԿףڴˡ
Ǹðɣᡣ
ңܼ˵һõӦȫĶ
аɡϣЦȥڴԿסԿ׻˹죬ûл·óˡ
ǳСģõԿ׵ʱ򣬻ѹһöС
ͼǰͻȻһĺڶֻüץס֣ͱһ˽ȥͬʱһĹâԥ˺ڶ
ڶʧΧһֵ·ˡ

Ȼ˹˲ϲңһϲ˹ˣ˱ֱڽ˵Ҳܿͻлˡ
ʲô˼˹ʡ
ԭҴȥͺڰԼᣬٳûѵkǧСһ֪ģһ綼Ƕ־
Ϊ˱֤޷߳Ǹ磬һһֱ˸жϡѹҾûһȥˡ
˹΢΢üûףܿСšڱҹţܲԼ߽ȥɣ
ŶȻᡣһͬͻȻ˷ԼҲԸԤԺС
λĺˣԸҴԸϣС˥ԿֻҪͻƬ֮ԶС硣
ʲôߵ˥磿˹ʡ
Ҳ̫Ǹ˸ң涼ඪߡǸˣﻯҲߡ
˹վôȷǰԿײϣҲȥ
Ӧòɣ˸ɰͰ͵˵Ǹ˸ңһԿ׵ˣᱻС硣ֻҪ˲ȥôᱻȥأ
˹ۣԣǸĺǳϣġᱻǧС磬ĲΣԵֿŴĸԸȥ
ֽһΪϣǵªŴôܰȥ
һץͼˣʧڿ
һߣϣڻֵĵطľ䡢ݵأġԶɽ͡ϵƺ̫Ҳܼ٣͸¶һϵ۸С
˹ڶУдŶԱ˴˵ضŶԷ
Ϊʲôڲ٣˹ʡüԴУûЦʱɢű˵ĺ
Ůѹ֡˵
Ů˭˹ۡ
Ůǡ㣿
â˹ԭʧȡ֮һֻСһֻС
ֻĿɿڴű˴ˣһʱûӦ
ʶҪȥͼϣ첽߹һ˿ȶûС֪ͷŵġ
һǿǧϣںɫϣص㶢С򣬡ȴȥ˵飬𣿡
Сصͷֳȣԭġ
ϣЦЦ˹һ㲻ΥͣСϾеһĿɰ̲ס¶ϲЦݡ
СվñֱСᳶǣװ
Ȼô룬ǰĸ£һ飬Ҳվñֱֱ


78 
ϣʵҲͦ, û뵽£ùͺڰ
Ȼ֪˹, ֪ˡ˹֪
ÿ¶֪֪ˣҲĵףƽˣûϿ
û뵽ڱ£һֻɫᡣ۾ԲԲ, β΢̣⿴Ҳֻᡣ
ǲ֪Ϊʲô, ƺСһȦĸҲԵý׳ЩظҲԵñС࣬һֻĵ
Ƚ϶ԣСģ, 嵭ɫ, һëϸ, ž޶һѡ
ֻСỹϣСȸ, , վñֱֱ, ܡ
ʲôطϣͼƽ
ǧС硣
ǧСɡ
ֻСͬʱӦ
û㡣СЦ˵
𣿡С򵭵طʡ
Ȼһ, С̧̧Բ°ͣһġ
ôΪʲôһأСɤ䵭
ûԹʵϣæʲôǧС磿
ֻСͬʱ, ûش
ϣգգ, , Сڣڰȴ𡣡
ҽкڰ񣿡С΢˫ۡ
㲻Ǻڰ𣿡СŤͷشһش𡣡
С˲æ𣬡ǧС硣仰˵ǵ֮⻹ССĿռ䡣ЩռһоҲд񡣡
Ϊͬܶ󴳽ȥԳǽǧСΪȼ߼ȥҲΣաмᣬѵ㣬ȥɡͼҲ׳ȥ
ֽǲǾǧСеһϣʡ
ԣСͷֽ֪磿
ȥֽ硣ϣ˵
ȥֽ磿СС򶼳Ծˡ
ôģСʣֽڸ߼ˣҲѵ㾢
Ҹ˹ȥģҴġϣ˵
ܰСЦֽĿǣȥͱˡûɣֽ޵ľôܸŷأȷʵˣá
СȻû̬۾Ҳдá
ڶԴеϣķӦһ¡
ôأʲô磿ϣʡ
о磿Сһۡ
߿С˵
ϣͷվ
žžССҲָΡ
һһˢˢվһ𣬴ŰۡΧľɫһӾֱڷ⡣
ϣʱѹղֻֻ򻹲ʲôλٱoͬʱֱ˫رʶǵ˿Ҳסշȡ
̫ÿ˰ɣ˭ס
ǸǸ߰ɡͰ͵˵м䴩ȥ
ϣסҸղžʣʲôСţ
ϣͣϸһ£ҿڴװ˹˸ҵ죬ȥС͵ĴԿס
Կأ֡
ϣͶԿóϡ
˵ָ࣬ԿһȦţ滹һӦþԿװǴġڿǸСܿɣûʲôˣ
ϣ¶ɻ󣬡˭϶أ֪ͻȻͣڱС
˹üϣʶܾˡһûеȣȻ֪ϣĹϵᴹëоۼɸ۵ס
ݵͣ˼ǰߡ
ƺƬС֣̫һ۾ͷ
ȴľغͻ⣬гĺëײʵЩǻģǲôɾĺܳ¾ɡ
ܿǾ֣߳ߵһСԡ˾ȵǣˮģһȺƤСѼȥһֻѼ˰Դ
Ǹһͬ㣬ǵӰ̶ԶԶģ¶־塣
֪ˣ˹ͣ½Ų˵ߵ˥硣
üеˡ˥صǽﻯĶż
Ҳ𣿡ϣʡ
ᣬٶȺ˹ش
һ೤ʱżأϣʡ
֪˹˵죬ҲܾͰ졣ûоò
ûСϣҡҡͷ˫־ٵ۵ףϸ˿Ƥģܿ΢СѪܣҲûбýӲ
ǰߣҸ˵ߣ˵Сһ㶼ǵʳͺðˡ
ϣ֣˹ٽĿͶԷܲͲ۵;衣
ȻûŰǸùϵǻûܵġֻϣұ־УҲǣǧҪֵҪ
ǣͻȻ˵ҵȥˣ
ϣ
ˣˣѣ״Ҳһˡ
ԣˡ̴ǣһڶʱȫûˡ
ϣʧˣǹİɣ
˹Ľëᴹţ΢嵭Ĭһϣָֻ֣ʣһ˰ɣҸ㲹һɡ
س£ڱ˹סСϣϸָϴһöɫָⲻǽ˼
ղű𣿡˹Цʡ
棬ϣͷϲСᣬģɰˡ
˹΢΢ûң㲻Ǻϲ𣿡
ϣҪˡҪǴһܰɣտû˿
һʹʹѻ𣬽šʹĸоȼ˹Ҫ
Ȼ˹ϣǲϣġ˹˼ϣ˹ʲôֱҲáĲõġ
һ뵽ԼĹ⣬Ҳҫűˣͺܡϣԣά֡
뿪ԼҪôû塣˹ѾӵȫĹˣӵô㣬ҲҪ
ϣƳëѻƣشţᵽ֪һ͵͵ѹˡ
һ¿ڴһˮǡ·ʱ򣬻ڿڴǣ֪ϲǺɵϲ
ֽ°תǵĴߡ
ˮζȼˣ˵û𣿡
ʵеģҪؼʱóԣŮϹŴЦݣϲĲݮζŶ
ؿƬ֮󣬵ͷҧסȵĺϣָϣҪָ֣ͱصһ¡
򶥵̹һС飬Цɤ˵𡣡
ߺò׺ˣǱߵѹֿʼ͡ڸܵһ˲ãҪ롣
˹ˣϴνҵˮһȥϰŶЦеͷŸֻӿһСˮֹͣˡ
˹𱡴ץס־мҪһ㣬βҪøɾ
̫ˣҶˣϣɿ
ϣܿ챻ﻯ˹ݳԴ׺󣬾ʹߴżߡ
źߣǰĿյľСӡֻϼڵģſһֻһ׶ߵܣһֻһֻۡ
Ųʶ̧ͷһ룬ͫ׽šడʧشܻطӣˡعš
ſڵļҲߴߴҽľܡʣµûвĴ¶żӺżԴҴƳһۺ󣬡ৡһϴ
˹˵ĵľǱߣǾࡣ
ǲû˵ˣϣʡ
ԻҲǲԡ˹˵Ǵʻõٻǰ߰ɡЩǲСŪģ˼ˣ໹ġ
ϣͷʵϲġоһ͵硣ɽضϣΧľҲϻľ֣һɫڼһɫɣǳͨ
ǽǰߣ½ּɢķݡеޣеǲżһⶼȱģŶľֺͺ⡣
˰СʱǸղһƺûгУҲûдׯ·Ķһסߡ̶ܶߣǿԶԻҲʲô֪
ʱʱѾƻ裬ɫԽĺڡ·쿴塣
˹ˣܰɰ𣿡ϣʡ
ܣ˹Ц˵ҵӽʱͱѹһ롣Ĺﲻһ޷ıĹߡ
۲ۣЩĵؿϣȥ㳡ʱѾˣʮһˡҸطϢһ£ټң
һ᲻ᱻﻯϣȻۣ˯һԼޡ
˹Ӧòô졣
ۣȻǿΪʲô㻹Ҫأ
˹Բͷ˵ϲҾ󡣡
رϣæ⣬ǰ濴ȥͻͻģǹȥǲûҪķӡǵĻЪһЪߡ
͵͵֣ħһϵĺ˲ɢ
ͬʱϣеҰ¶ڱԣˡÿҲ֪˹ˡ
ЦʲôʶųüĶġ
ϣ΢΢ЩȣǲҲˣ
ҲҪ˵
ΪҺϣЩж
ΪǺҹ˹̲˵ҹɫ۾ԿղŰʱٷųʮһҰ
ֻųʮ˵
ҪҸ𣿡˹ЦҼ¼ˡ
ֿʼСѧƵϣ׷ޱؼߡ
ߵղſһƬͻͻĶǰ˹ںҲó˽ۡʱһųʮʶ
㷵𣿡˹Ц˹һ๲ͬ⡣
ԼطȥҲûáҸղˣʮҶ˹ŸлİɣǶôϲ˵Ůѡ
ˣ˹˵֪˭ͽ
˭ͽͻϲ˭ϴ½Ů˶㲻𣿡
ϲڰСܵĽڰ
ϧ˵ڹ̷ڰ
Ҫһ𣿡
Ǿһʰ
һ꣬һϸ꣬ž֯һ𣬻Ľ
쿴ϣЦתкǣҲ̫׳˰ɣЩԶǽġ
ģ޴ͬһԣ˹ͺڰע߹һ֦һ֦ͷһ
ҪôȥأϣʣƬ԰ѵ·ȫסˡȥܿ㣬ơԷɹȥ𣿡
ܣ˹˵ҸղԹˣƬԻǵĸ߶ȱߡԽȥֻܴȥ
ҪôأϣžĹľ֡⴩ȥû˰ɣ
ԡ֣ƮɢǦɫĻۡ۵֦̻Ϊڡڵ֦ûάֶãͿٻָԭ³
ǶԸõģ˹˵߲»ۣǱ߱հɡ
öǰ棬˹ǰ󲻶ƮɢǦɫĻۣ˿һĵ·
ϣԼСĵм䣬ȵ˹нţ¶Ҳܸߡ
׵˽СʱЩ֦ʵǿ죬˹ԼȥҲҪһˡ
湻ǺһϣϵĽңرܿ˹
˹ĬĬظԼһͷųһڰĹ򡣹´ĹԣԹڰϵ
һԾʮԶһ㣬Ĺ߾ͻᴩ塣Ҫ𣿡վںڰУƵʡ
ֻ˹̲˵ϴ½˺ҹ·
ϣ
ӣ㿴һŵķӡģͦһϵİűȹһϳɳ
ϣһ˫˴Ļ˫˴ֻ˯˫ˡ
ǲҪ˯ɣĴӲġ
Ҫ˹˵ҵϢ˯ ٿĴһɣ¶ЦЦ飬ΰĺڰҪҹǰ졣
ָôأƵ˵ϴ½һʱˣ˯ĺϰߡ
˹΢㾹Ȼôã
Ҫ˯ϣ飬ҿ˯Ǳߵɳҵùָָͬűɳ
ڿЦ𣿡ڰͬʱ˵ɤŶԱ˴˵
˭ϣ룬Ǿɣһ˯
΢Աֻ߳Сᣬһһףɫ
ۣÿɰһֻһֻͺ
ӺֻС鲻ԸԾϴϣȥ
¹䣬ϣĽǶȿؿֻСĶ
С˯ֻ㲻ֵشϡȻ̣üλȥȻǿ´ȥ
Сܹɣſ˯ԴԼϡĽëΡΡġ
һϣСе㶯ۣСһţ΢΢šһֻϿһ仨
ǹ˾ŵ𣿡ȵʣΪʲôʱ򣬼ӻῪأ
ʱеҰɣСʹǶΰȥؿĿյء
˯ŵСϣ̽СԴһɵʣڿʲô
СƮƮظһ΢Цˣ㲻֪ġΪʲôҸĴڣΪҵõĸࡣ
С̰ʵĿƵϣϣϣҲ£Ϊ˲СƬæСһѰȥ
СĸŵŮ޹ǣˮһļۣëز
ôһϣûס˯⣬˯˹ȥ
ҹʱ֣ҹɫŨʱֻȻΡȵģģػԱߡ

ʱ֣˹ƿ˸֨˽ϴŽա첲ϲССĻۣǾµġ
ż˸ϵ㳡̻Ѿ˵ֵͻȻһڶˡ
ǷӴܣײϷŪ˻¯̷ƳҲڵϣŵֻӡƬҲʲôмֵҲ
֪ȥˣϣߵ˥硣һǣڰӦøһ𡣺ǣû뵽ΪŮѸһж
˺ܴ硣ʵ̫ˣһϣͻᱻﻯŶ϶ζѾҵ
ڡ
Ŵϳ˯ˣ˹Ц˵治


79 
ŷ, ҹɫԵø
˹ͬʱ¹к룬λεӳ˹ϵļ
治, ˹Ť, ôˮӦðѵõʹͽڰͬҹޡ
˹΢΢ü, δſڣЦ, ﲻ壿
ﲻ壬Ǹ뿴壬Ǩŭ˹˵
ҲҩʦҿԸһ
˹鷳, ôϲסڲٵԡףӦþ֮Ըơ
˹ҩʦˣ
˹κ۾ҩʦҲûϵ
סڲĶԡף
˹˵أ
˹Ц, ˣ
ϣۣһ˶ֻѼӣӦǧֻɡ糿ô̼žģҪסˡϴ½ͱصһһеġ
, ҺýŶ, Ҫô죿Сrһ˷ܵ˵
ȻǼ˯ˡ
ô㶼˯ţ̫ˣһ°ɡ, , ԴڱﻯΣС
°ͱһ£ϴٵԡʲô˼ΪֻǸıһҵļ, Զ׵סĸڡ
ϣ, Խý, ⣬ҵȨʲôûǰװ˯
ϣۣͫ״һɵһŮ˯һɫܺãȾõ֭ɫ۾β΢̣ã޹ؿĺ˽
ԡסȷʵҸڣҲûϣĵ˵
Ϊ˹߹һɨһóһĻȥԶ˵
ϣͷֽȦΡһƿˮƿӺһŰˮ󵰡еĶǳɫĽţ֤ѹͬʱܱʡ
˹ȷĶ󣬸װԵĶŹӦ֪ȥķˣȻô
ڰűɳϣóˮˮ󵰺γԣԱߴ˹ɢдųɤ
ں˳ζ١ҵû취ססֻѡԡףְɣ
磬ϣ˵Ǻÿ۴ᣬû
ܲʲôض
һҲϲ˹Ц˵û㱾£ֻѡ
΢΢һһԵ˹س£ָ߬ɿ΢üۣصĹ۽ǣҲûȾһʡ
˹΢ɲﴽǣڰ귭ˣ߽ˡ
군ˣϣҧһˮ󵰣˹İɣô˵ùڰܴʹ˹ϴ½Ҫǣ˹֪һ֪࣬Ѷˡ
ʣµһཹֺ˺üˮ
ҳˣŮϴЦЦ飬лл˹Ľر⡣
˹ɫһ䣬֪ˣ»ȥҲ֪úá
߰ɣϣ˵ֻ֤֪ͣٳȥķ
˹򴽣˲Ϻڰ͹᲻վͬһսߣקסԼһ𣿡
˹ۣͬʱ棬˹
˹ᳶǣɶվȥˡ
ɿϣС棬ҵûϢΪҸԿ׵ˡòҵˣ뷽跨͸ôϲһ͡
ҵ˸Կ׵Ǹˣϣ
ⲻ̫ף㳡һƬǽ壬ܶϢˡһǴҵһ˿ĲǵǿСŵԿסֵǣǵζкϢ
Ϣʲô˼ϣɻʡ
Ϣ˹˵ÿһλԶжصζ׾ͱ˭ͷŵ
㲻˵㿪İɣŤͷʡ
Ȼǣ˹΢΢ü˵ȡҵԿס
ϣ͵һⲻ޳ǴͰֳѵһ˱ҲҪǸˣͿ·ˡ
ԣ㷢˭ԿףæʣͼתƴҶȡע⡣
ع
룬ϣ׾̾첻˹ߣͱǳôҪϢ
Ӧûһֽɣ˹˵
Ǵβ𣿡ϣæ˵
ʱֽƻʺ˵ǴƽǾޱŮ˿ơȥȥһ£ǾޱŮع
ʱҸһΪֻһ⡣ֱֳۼһҵ
𣿡ϣеš
ûУ˹˵ҲܶԱĹҵκ£˾ս
ɣ˹˵ȥʡô룬ȷʵֹ֣ͦһζϣˡ
ϣ򴽣ԽĽţزɣôѲƶأ
һԵǽյ֣˺ܾã̲סˣ˰ɣҾѾ˵ˡ
ϣŷӦæֳ
˹һ
˹ĿںͺڰϣԽӵñ䡣ͻȻ̫ˡ
ǸȦԼ᳡İbôƶûֺڰǱ˲٣֪Ƹʲô
Ůѣ
Ŀĵ˰ϣױͽŮˣʲô
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ɣϣһѵˮһ濪ʼã
пܰСrµ˵
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ﲻæȥֱ֡ۡ˷ӦʱѾϣ˸飬Ҿöͦģûﻯ
˹ɷֿǣ
⣬ǿ˹ȷʵǹһѺֻ֣ܲԸɿ֣鿴
˹Ƴһۣĵط󲻵Ķࡣ
ϣĺҪֹͣˣͷƤ˲䷢顣
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˹˵ҵһʹ󴳹֪ǲ
ӦüʶƬ֣ԾȥֻԽԽߡͬҲ޷·ԽԽƿ߳ȥ
Ҫôȥϣ߳ȥ
׷ס󣬡ϣ˹ղ˵ʲô˼
ϣһۣ֪˹Ļ˵Ĳᡣʲô˼ ̽ʣ֪⵽ʲô̶ȡ
죬һֱΪҶһʲôᱻܾû뵽˹ȴһѾԸĨӡ
Ǹ룬֪еʲôϣһֱ˵˹ʱദ꣬겻ǸӵģٲǱֳӡԽԽϵǳ;е㲻ԡ
Ϊʲôÿȥʱһţ뷽跨ظߡΪ˹һ뵽˹סͬһ䣬۵嶼Ҫ
ڱؿë巢ʱ˹һʾ֭ڱд黰ʱ˹һһôףȴ׾ٵĵõᡣ
ȥڱԭϴ½Ĺ壬ôȱǮμԽأЩůůĹػǲҲǼٵģ
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ҪǱʲô˹æʣϣˡ
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֮䣿˹ˡһֱ֪ϣ˹֮Ĺϵʲô̶ˡ
Ϊ˹ǰǵġڿŻݸϣ֪Զĳ̶ҪͻȻɽе㲻ȷѵģ
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ֵõһössrңΪԴ׶ʹ
ϣˣʲôûѵ˹ԽָĴףҲҪָֻôⰡ
ɨһ۹֮䣬ĬĬԼϵĺڰ֮䡣Żָ˭ûأ
ִϣֵָָϣҲڤŵԿףͶ㲻ˡ˶٣ԺˣԼ˳䡣
ѵԼˡ
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ǵģûнָͲֻйڰ֣ŻһʼŻ˿ţϺ׶Խ
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ССеӵؿ
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ܼ򵥣С˹˵Ϊ˵СӦڱϣҲС
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СССף۾תһ˿š
ССһֻ㣬һ¡Сۣžһϣڴϡ
ϣһۣ;ͣûҲڵҲûʲôûܡ
Сͷˡϣȹӣͼȥ⸱̫ûȥСС㣬ޱߣ»ȥ
ϣҡӽڵ԰ղſﲢʲôһͲݵء
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ϣ˼һ£ȱӣǽȥʲô̬˵ֵֽ˹
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ϣһЦȹڣȥֻС̡աظȥ
ϽݣŤġ´ԽԽ
ŲϵߣǰľҲЩԾȫߣһ̯ڵϣĺۼ
һʮ׳׿Ĺ̨һӺ棬һǿڴΧȹ
ϳ˸ʽĹߡϣһЩߡ˴һֻܺĽ۾ڸһֻ¶޻Ĳƶ
ŲͷҲû̧ȥɣǲ࿪ŵġ
ϣ΢΢һͻȻף˥޵Ĳࡣ
ѻżӦöඪġʲôԭλߵġ
ʵñԼǺҲûˡ򴽿ʼԾȣҵղҲæҲ޸ߵٶȸ㡣
֮΢΢һ㶣߸ӵؿǵһҪߵġ˶ʹ˵ԼûٹߡҲϲ˺Ѿˣʲôãֲֻʵʵġ
ҲûáΪ޲꣬ͻżҵԶӰǳԽңﻯٶԽ졣
ϣһأ˼˵޲żгȥĻ᣿
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޸𣿡뵽ֻСæһ֣߶ᱻ޺ðɣ
֮ҡҡͷõģһöͭҶֵȻҲ޷ıߡοֹֻܸµԣ
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ĻĹֻҪֲͿͨǵţ֪ôԲԣ
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أϣͻȻִɫ۵ˣ֮͵һ㶡
˵Ǻڰ񣬱ֻ֮ҪͿԸƱ˶Դߵ̬ȡ
ңϣԵСžʧһسڿУǺ֮񣬺ˡҵԱ鲼ȫˮͺ½ء
ϴ½ҲȤ˹ϣԣǹ֮񣬼ҵ־ȫıˣֲ֪᲻Ըأ
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ΡΡؽָƣѪҺԼ
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Լѳɣ㻺ɢȥ
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ҶҪѵԷ֪ʧȥһ𣿡˲ش󺰡
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ǻɽ֮, ԶǲٳǡУɫһƬɽȥ, һ̵ͻ
ھͻؼ𣿡ʡ
ȵȵ, ˹ϣ˵
˹ɤر, һСʱ֮뿪ϴ½һ룬Ϊսһϴ½ý, ֻҪ̤һҾͻӦҲս
һƽһ㶼ûо졣̫ϤԷƲֶˡ˹˵ȵȵʱ, ֪ˡ
νҲҪرˡΪϣüû, ʵ̫ˡԺ, Ҳÿȴǻرصȣĵ̡ϣ, ȥȥ
ڿЦ𣿡˹Ц, ϴ½ĺͺ˭ģȥҵĺˮҲַ𣿻ҰЩջأ
˹ɫ, Ҫ, ϴ½ĺʹ, ӵʹȨİ졢̫ҲӵʹȨ
ҪҪҲЩҲջأ˵ֻҪˮ, һǲǾܿϣˮˣ
˹˹, Ƭ֮, ĮĴ΢΢˻ȣаɣϣһҲϣ͡
Ҳ£˹˵ҲмֶΡ
˹һǸϳϴ½Ͻƣֶм
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ϣͷͶһǵݸ
΢΢һ۾˲ӿ⣬·յԨͷųǿաֻһͨˮǶѣȴȫ硣
ֻаɣ֪仰ɣ̲סʳϣۣҪһİı֤
ϣ䴽ǣͷ˵ֻС
ˮǣͷһ¡
ϣоѹ̱ͣ˫ջԽס
ɤͳ˭ǨŭϣǿʲôýָڤʣµĽҡ
ϣЦһ£ͷ
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ϣת׼˹ص£˹͵קס󣬳ʧɽϡ
˹ſյɽڣɫӿ˱䡣

ϣ˹ѹڴϣҡҲ֪˹ȥСʱʲôû˲ҹޡ
ϣ˵ٹʮӣҾͱ뿪ˡ
̫ˣԡˡϣ˵
㻹˹һ˿˼飬Ϊұ㱧ҵʱ֮ͽˡ
ʱҸ벻㡣ɫС̫ɰˣһ㶼㡣
ϲǸӵҰ˹Ц˵ҿ㿴ûСʱģɣ
Ҷ˵ɰ㱦͵ĶҡҡβͣԷˡ㲻Ҳϲҵβòã
ɫͷ꣬εɫת⡣ϣǶͫУССԼ΢΢ζţռ۾
㻹ʲôҶòãȥɣһû½ϵķ羰ǵʤκεط١
ǿסںߴŻ԰Ĵźվ̨ϿҹյǡҲסɽıٲˮ
סĳһȤ̵꣬ϲĶ˳ԷʱǾһһӵĴȥѰҸζҵĽҶ㡣
ϲ̼̽գǾȥ̽ùŴż˭޷˺㣬ô涼ԡ
ҵı׺͹滮ůģӲĳ
һössrҡСr˵
ϣ΢΢һ£ղ˹רһ
ȻܸжиҪ¡һ˵Ҳȥҵļˣһѧ
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˿¶İ˵Ŀޣӿź󡢺ڰ͹ζϣܸΪʲôλŴɱĹΪʲôӵƷ
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ϣƿϸٵƽ˹ʱ쵽ˣ㿴ûжҲҵǿ԰ҡ
ӴͷСóһСд򿪣һһѸɱСѩ׵Ĵϣ졣
˹͵ϣоһǰˡεڸڱ֮µġϴ½뿪Ҳˡ
һössrҡ
˹ҧƴǹǺ˵Ѫζѹȥϣ֡뾡ЩǷĻȴΪѪζʮɳơ
û˼ô˵ֻȥҸںʲôҪҵĲͺˣҪ٣ҶԸ㡣ΪʲôҪô
ϣЩƣ˹ֱߵֶôõߣֻܵõ
˹Ľָܾ衣õֻǵĺøֵƾº͸ַ׻ģֲܲƤߡ
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˹һ¾ͻûޣںߵһμ棬ҧѪûһᡣ
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˹˻ΪסҸڡɽУЩܿƵġֻҷֻϻ˼
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ڿٵš˹һθܵʱļȣҲдδй顣̫ãԺԻøãûʱĸ
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ϣ򿪰ĳ룬һ׳Ĵ˽ңЩġ
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˵ɣ˵ٵֻһס˵ˣ͵ˡʱ˹֪ǵļƻ൱ں˹һ֪ˡĻ߻˶Ҫˡ
Ҳ֪ҪȥǲܽΣǱӿˡ
ϣ˵ʱϵԽãԽ޷ڸǡǱ˴֪˶ԷĴڣ֪ͬʱǶоʵϾʹҵҪ治סˡ
ǰҲһʼ˵ġһжʮssrңжʮ߸֪еϢˡ
ϣ̾˿ҽõssrҶǽ˹ʹϡԣʣµҲá
ʹۣתָϵĹ֮䣬ʧڿС

˹վһɫķĵؿžнڷϵء˵ʱ˷ǳ䣬ƽ˼ѹȡ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôֽ磬Ҹȷʵ˿ơΪҴ̫ң˿𡣡
Կףԣҳϣġǹֺҵ˷ǳࡣһӱƷҲ֪ΪʲôúƷֻòˡ
Ssrϣ.һСѵһֱܲòû뵽ôء
أϣ.һСѵһֱܲòû뵽ôء
Ssrԣĺܺá
أԣ
SsrǾ䲻˵Ҷ˵Ļ
æ죬ͷøˡ
˹ؿظĸоǳ֡ÿ仰ʱǳ˵ȴʮ񡭡ڽƵġ
΢΢𵴣֪˽˭أԱһЩָ˽ƣת뿪
˹ˡŮϣ֣ȵطסһ룬С緢¡
ϣٿ֪ʲôЦ֪𣿳ѡ
Ϊ治ѡ˹˵
ѲѣϣЦ˵ѵʲôرĺ𣿡
֮ɲǼ򵥵ѡ˹ɤᴹڸһ˿⡣
ûһἵôʡʶϣȸһҲʲô˵ĻǾΪعλλá
Сϰ߰ʲô鵭ĮʲôԲ
Զ죬ʹʱ䡣Ŀ⣬ۣҰ͵ϴǼСҺòã
ãϣܾһ𡣡
СŤŵ֫оͻȻǰÿһΣûܾҪ
аɣЭ㲻
ϣ΢΢üʲôôء
˹ǣס֣˲뿪ǰĿյء
ϣ۾ٴγֹһ޴ΰĴʥ̻ԻͣƲܡû񷶥ֻ޾졣
ߵĽ֮ϣӽյĵطǻƽԲãʥ
ֻҪ￴һۣͻоηһۻͷڶءǹʥı
һվˣ㲻ҪǾ뿪˹ϽݣԶѾǻĽŲ
˹ϣһãЦһ£οһҲ㼷
Цӿ˵ã˹ֽǰŨܵİʵʵصס
ܿ죬оվˣʹߴ̶վ档һֵ£һ㱡ڵףҲûô񰡡ǡʲôء
ʼɡ˹˵
ϣգգۣŨ֮ͻȻʥͽ޸裬̹ʥޱȣΰĲԽ鰮һֻΪϴ½
ϣƳ˹һĲɣЦȥ
ԭ
С˹Ĵ֮£Էëһ£ֳȥһۣƺھҪ֡
һЩСС˵ô졣ʵ̫ӲˣĻۡûСĵط𣿡


81 
ʥ̳֮, 濪ʥĻ䡣տ£ӳòùԡ
ϰλֳɫ֦ҸϳǵĸУֱɾ͸ط·ı
ʥǻ, Ʒ´ָ, һ, Ĳ֮ˡ
ⲻǴ͵Ĳʺרϣ, ԭÿ糿, ˹Ҫͽǵϴԡ, ʥҲҪ̲סʥ˵ľٶˡ
ղط鱻ˣ˹װһרעģ, ʺۡ
Ȼ׬ssrҲ٣Ҳѵûšûп幤ѧǷģ
ֱ۲Ҷ, ΢һ, 첲һࡣα˸ɫʯ, Ҳǲܿġһ, 󱳾ѵûš
ȷʵǸġƤ, ƽһͣŤŤȥ
Ӱ״̬˹е޷, һ˫ĸ첲ס, ƵһȺڡǹ, ̫Ȩůġ
˰ɣ˹, ʡ
аɡϣ￿˿
Ŀⴹøˡ
, һֺøֵСr˵
ںøֵѾ, ǽҽˣ˭ܿأ
ŨĸѾƺʼʫлڡϣһϤƺǰbСҵˡ
ϣ̧ۣ˹鵭ȻĿƵشƺעʲô
ԭԿ֮Ⱑϣգգۡ
ÿ춼Ҫһ𣿡ʣϢ˹ĺϣһССĸ
һֺøֵ
ҡ
˹ᰴסţԶ˵㣬һԡ
ϣҲգЦӯӯظ־룬ССʣ˹ˣǲǵôǰ£
⣬bʫмݣ顣ΪǵУ̫ټϵѻȸһע⡣ˣϣ˵ŵüС
һϸϸСС˹רעעϣŮεε񻨶ɢ㣬ȴԺӡ
˹Ų߿Ŀѯʡ
ŮͷЦ⣬ɫתһĹ⡣
عλǰһ죬ȥ㣬˵ҷָҺ䵭ǧҪ㡣ֻҪЩǰ£ʧġ
ðָϵĻƣϸϸ˵ôһ㶼ûо
˿ʵ۷ǳָĵطһһĻ𡣰ƵСռһᱻ޷Ŵ˹ĿŮĺ촽ϣҲûסͷȥ
⣬ʥʫ軹ţ˵ĿⶼǸɾĵǣҲᱻɸ޷Ŵ
ëţ޹ġɽǻأһΡ
һössrҡ

ϣ޵Ĵ૵ɤһЦ⣬ԭĹ񰡡
˹ĶȻȣѪһȥë
һössrҡ
ϣٽŵøᣬûŪⲻ𣿡
еʫ裬Ůһ˹ëظۣ촽һֱߣҲ֪˿ŵҵš
ûˣϣЩ⣬û뵽ôͽˡŤһߣŰ񻻸ˡ
ͻȻ˻ȥͫӳ˹һɺ⡣µͷ䵭Įױ£ס֫ݺĴ
ssrң

ϣվڰɫķſڣЩ̧ͷ۾ŸӵĹâϼЦϣôǲҵĸң
ϣе׶׳ˣ衣΢΢һЦ˹Ļᡣ
һмá
װ˺ߡ
ɫ΢΢һ֪˵ʲô
ssrˡϣЦе˵
ܣɫһ䡣
Ssr֪ܻʳⲻǳ˵ٴˣ˰׳ϣҲҪ˵ġ
أû𣿡
SsrȻûУұ
أô죿
Ssrô˵
ϣʼյؿһ㶼ļ֪ػøϵͳһ
ƭˣЦûssrǱ
Ŷϣ𴽽ǣǿԸ֪ǵļ𣿡
SsrʲôҪ
أʲôû˵
SsrҪ֪ϵͳһϢ
أ㵽ʲôҿû͸©һù֪
Ssr˵ʲô
ҲЩջ𣬡һ˵ʲô
ϣɫϱ仯֪˿ڸssrЦ˵֮Ĺϵ̫ء
ص΢΢һ
ϣ촽΢ϸϸ䣬ټ֪ģϵͳǶǿǵĹҲû취ôʱ䡣
û̫ͻȻĳһ䡣
ϣ΢΢һȴװƽʣʲôأ۷֣ǿۺٵķ֣
ûʱشˣ¶һ˿ټĽЦݣssr֪ˡ
ϣ򴽣ҶԻҪܳʱ䣬ֻкٵģǵļҡŶԷ뿴Էû¶SsrܿСrĵȼһ˾£ԷܿǵķǾͲ̫ˡ
ô𣿡ЩȣΪѾ˺ܶ࣬ϾĽȿܺá
֪ôоģϣ˵ҾúѣĶֵҪѵöࡣ
û˵
һҲ̫ףϣ˵ȻĿһ£ΪʲôһҪأΪԴ𣿿ǹͬĻ㹥һҹһǻ𣿡
سĬһ£ssrϵͳ֪ΪʲôҪˡ
䣬ϣԽԽˣаɣúôŰɡ
سǡ
ϣ뿪󣬽»ָ
ùѽù󣬡Сrʹֱ죬ôһһössrûˡ
û취Ϊ˷ֹ͵
Ͳʺ۽˹ȥһأԷΪʲôŴμӺ
˹ͬСrһѿäУЧֹ͵Чǹ㣬ʮһssrҡ
ܽһ¸ղȡϢSsrܸ֪ҵĵȼǵĲƲSsrؾܴԼԷλĺøֵõΪssrϵͳ֪
ţܽĲϣ˵֪ػҾͷˡֻҪ߱¶ڣǾͻлᡣ̵һ·ҿ٣
ʮֺøֵʮssrҡ
ѵϣЦ˵
ǲsrˡssrҪʮ
ǲssrֻܵõ֣ϣʡ
ԣ
ϧ
ϣһߺСrһ߳ȡ˹վڳڵŲת
ղһ¡˵
ʲô
촽ˣ˸ͷ
ϣ΢΢һֲøղһŹֵضڲ²ĴΪʲô˰ɣ
˹ָӿһâСĵص촽ϣԴֲڵָ޵ĴϹŹ߳ĵȻСr˵һֺøֵϣˡ
ˡŮĺ촽ָ˹ջ֡
Ҫȥˣ˹ˡϣЦӯӯ˵
ţ˹ͷմСúϢһ¡Ѿ˰ȥѧԺˡ
˼죿ϣԭЩƣ⻰һӾ
˹΢΢˵һ죬ôˣ˶٣졣
ţԣϣͦġΪ˹ֻһ٣ϾܵȥѧĴܡ
Ȼ٣ҲϣΡ˹˵ԣÿɣҰµﲹ
ðϣֵ˵
˹ôʹشӦᡣ
һ¡
ʲôϣʡ
һ˹΢һ£һʱ֪ôݣһСԲ򣬾ҵļţһ
ţϣȵۣ
ԡ˹΢Цŵͷ
ϣûƵգգۣŸòܲһٵصңһĮ侲һ°ɣ
˹ӿȡһĴ׺ʱһŵſʶ⿴
ŮŮ᲻أǵĳμܲҮ
ŶӦòɣҲûʲôҪһǿܾ;ˡ
һҲûʲôɣҲһֱ𣿡
һģǺܿٴξҲӦѡǸɫĻ꣬ӦѡɫꡣҼǵŮŮıֽǻɫġô찡С飬ŮŮһһΪɫյġ
Ŷοģˣβ;Ƿɫ֤ϲѽ
ɥûк˧㲻ģڵ˶ּͳȥҲҵ󡣡
ŶģŮŮһμ˵ÿɰһڣԴڻǸӡ
ֻ۾Ӱ꣬ӡҶûò
ϣѰɫиǴ򿪣һõë¡ɫë֯ɵĿ׺˷ɫСǾޱС鴮ɵģԲκͷεıʯС
ᶶҫ£ʯʳʸеĹһƯë˿ȹһÿˡ
֯ģϣΪȣտȥˣļš
ţ˹ͷǵ֯ģǵðɣһڡӺóһŵõֽдš
ţϣˡ
СĵزֽŤŤдһ֡ŮŮˣҸ֯˼ë£
ԭϣȻë̫֯ˣּʵڹúܡ
̧ۿ˹Ц˵رϲëʵ̫ÿˡ
˹΢΢һЦ֪Ѿˡ
ԺڳؿޣһŶΧŰο
ŮŮ˵֯ëºÿ
һŶǰǰǶˡ
ŮŮ˵رϲ
һŶǰǰҲˡ
ŶЩĽõ˰֤ʼ쿪ҸŮŮݸ򹷵᲻Ҳϲأ
ùֲ֯ᣬҾˣȻŮŮôϲٸ֯硢֯ñӣ֯˫ëӰɡ
һ
ϣëЩʣΪʲôһõŵϲأ
˹΢΢ȻѾӵж˸񣬵ȴ־һ֡һҵĹȥʱǱ鰮һҪ侲ࡣ
ŶһΪǶʱڡһۣǻϲ㡣ڵңֻҪṴͻϹ
ϣ΢΢ۣԭϸ룬˹ͦģǻʵþӼ͡˹յһֺòˣ֯һֺë£ֱ
ϵãµ˳˵ʹҲʮ־Ӽңѧ˴ӡͥһϵвܡ˵ʵ˭Ҫ޸˹Ǵϴ£ǣһץ
ܿĵЦ˵һúôġ
뿪˹ë»ص˼ҡհë¹ҽ¹񣬾͸оָʲôһæתһɫˡ
ԷҲһæˣǫصͷǺڰµʹգ˸͵㶫
ϣߵʱȷʵ˵Ļͷ
ռõɣ˫ֵһļǲٵ嶰Ѿת¡˵סʱ򣬾Ϳ԰ᵽĵط
ϣ΢΢һ˹򿪿ȻмŵдСеĴ԰еǹԢͨͨд֡
־һ˵ʱȥ˱ذɣˣʵܿġڱصʱ˾ʹϣתһҩƿʱ䡣ʱʱ̧ͷһë첻졣
ë壿
ţǰǵëķ塣мöϵڿάɿĹԢֻҪȣᷢö˾֪ˡ
Ǹ챾άֵĺܽʵƤֽΪʱʱͷһ£챻ˡڵʱʱҲһȥԢ֮ǹĺܿ
ڵkҺټЦЦݴЦͳЦԴ˹˺ʯͨڰĳĹ⡣
һͨϣ̲ס̧۴λڤϯʹڲšȥϹˡ
ţһȥġͷ
ʲôʱȥأ¶Էֻ˵˵ѣ̾Ҫöʱ䡣
ϣһθ̾ʹҵ
£һСʱԺ󡣡
̷ųϲĹ⣬ھȥˣһܿĵġ֪ϴ½һֱѻ
ǰͿʼһսˡǿ˵ֻĬĬ¡
ϣе뿪ϴ½ʱ춼ûаɡ
ˣ֪ˣһȥ
ռĿĴﵽһ׼ߣͿһʹԷһΪȻҪô˵ҵ˱ȥʱҲͦѻġ
ʹϣһµʹʺãҹѯʲôʱȥ
ɤӿʼ˵ʵ̫ˣԴӻص˹һСɶԲˡ
գ


82 
˹ˮ, ˵ĸǰǻں׳ҹˮ
Ⱥ󣬲ʹ˸, ˹ķ羰ߡǿɵ, ҲӿޱȿĺͿ֡
Ϊʵ, Ūûë, Ҳû챾ʵʵģҲûҩƿԴʱ䡣
ûĺףΨһĹ⡣ԸȥʰСɵ
ڿ˵ʱ, ʱʱһۡĻҲͰ, 㼸˼
ʵʵ, Ͷʵˡ
˵Զ, ɤʹؽӻ, ӦüǵðɣٱʱһǣǿǱ߬ģֱڶûóԡ֪˵˼, , ҪŮιųԲ𡣡
ü, һ, ѵһֻι, ܱζ𣿡
Ц, ιζȻ䡣ι, ζͲһˡ
ϣǶʹ, ʱط
ü, Ǹ, Ҳף죬ǵζѽܶ඼ιʳʳﲢûиıζ
ձ˵㵱Ȼᶮˣ仰ѧˣΪġ
ϣһ˹𣿾ΪղſôͱȥһȿԴϢֿԽû̵ս
Ȼ˵õСɡ
ϣ򿨶Һȥ˹ǸղѾӦˡ
΢΢һҲǲԣΪ˶һʱ䡣
һ²СӦȥ˹ѧˡ
ôҲԡ˶Ρ
ϣ˼һ£ɣһȥ
õġͷת׼뿪ʱ򣬰ջںܰʾǵûȥǸǵⰡ
áĿȻӦ
Цתͷ͵ضϣЦЦ̸ۣЦ˵ֻǸǳʶ
ϣṴûб̬
ǸСʣȥȥҿֱӰȥ
ϣһ£Ҳûʲô¡ȥõʳǲõĻҲûϵȥͺˡ
ͷԡװзļַŽױ̨ĹӡֶҲûãȳ뿪ʱٻɡ
ϣմ뿪ʱ򣬴֦վŵֻһֻͻȻʧˡ
ǰİ׹ͻȻŨصĺȡ˵ĺ͵˹ϣûлװˣֻƾһɫĳȹ޷ڵصϺ
գԼõͦġһͳ⣬ͷűһëסˡ
ˣֱӷɵԢģλûж϶ԡôղΡΡʡ
ϣͷͫӳĴһɫܣһСڹԢĺ
ҽӵϢ͹ˣ˵ҵʶ鲼Ԣ⣬оϢ棬֪Ū˵ط
ٷǳ죬ƺ˷ʱ䣬˵߬סϣʧԭء
˫һʵأ¯Ϣ˵Ҳ֪˹Ԣϣѵë磬̾ͱůĻӵס
Ϊ첻ľУȵĺƤϣ̲סᶶһ¡
ϣƿЦ˵һڲŷǳõʹ
𣿡𴽽ǣţǹʹʹġ
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ûиԵĶʵ̫ˡϣͻȻ
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춼ˣڳȥûϵ𣿡ϣƳһǽϹŵӱѾߵˣصĶڵ磬ڴһƬڡ
ҹ֮ǰаû͹ݻʣСʱӪҵʱ䣬㹻һˣ㻻·
аɡϣȥѡ·ԤУҲò˶ܻԭʱˡ
ܾҪϣܾܵؽůĹ⡣뿪󣬻ʱ⣬Ҳůİɣ
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ϣƳ飬ʳͣЩ߲𣿡
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ŮһʮˣһꡣǶѧиѡ񣬲һֻͷ
˾ȣһ˱ֽʳ˵ΪڰֻŴǡǰߣ͵֡ٿԴ졢첲ǻ̫
㿴ڣԺĶͯȥ£ԼֽҼֱԼ۾ؼҺҪúõض
ҾͲͬˣһֱδǡҲֻһʱã߱°ס˽šǱڣôܲأڰ񡣡
ڰ񡣡
ڰ񡣡
˷ϣŤͷٵʹתһ˿ȡ
ڰֻûڹҶʱ˵һףû⼸䲻ͬе׾Ƿĵ
Ĭһʣǰߣ̫𣿡
еˣϣЦ˵ԻַʽǴģֿ첲׾ͻ廵ԴҲ˵ľߣͽߡ
˵ЩǰûǶûȥںͽôĺڰУûʲôܼġ
ڲͬϣĵ¾ĵ¡עȥע
ʳǿ޺ڰĻڼ
ϣЦ˵ϲҹɣ
΢΢̧ۣϲǻҾúů
㿴ͽһģҲúůءĵְܿɣʵһô򵥣࿴Χͻᡭ
һͻȻʡ
ϣ΢΢һԣ
ˣῪ𣿻Զ𣿡
ҵȻῪġϣֻشǰ仰
ûоС˼Ϊ˿İ취Ц⣬Ҿһ
һössrңԺڰľģԸΪΪһ
ϣգգۣ̲סһ䣬һ뿪㣬ҲҪһŶ
ȥĶоһ߬ס
˵ܶݰҳߵյ㡣ϣ˵
΢΢һЦյڤҲͺˡοǽ飬ͿԹҵ
֪ζʲô𣿡
֪ͷ˵ոˣ뻶͵ý顣ֻҪ飬ÿ춼ܻ䡣
ϣ
һ䣿һŹ֡
Ҳȫ˵뵽ģΨһķʽ
ϣؿ㣬ٻϴ½ˡ

ǧ֮ĺ˹ںߵĽʯϣһǾޱŻ꣬һһȷ˵԰ɣ
ȻˣͷҲϼǴٵһҲæιǡ֪ģԷҲúһιȽ
ȵȣ˹Ƥʲôæιǣ
δӹǵʹһڰҪǣСŵιⲻ֣ҿöҲʳġ
˹һǾޱȥԭ


83 
, ʮֺøֵʮŸssrҡϹ󣬾ʣʮֺøֵˡ׬ssr, ϵͳҪ, srÿĵĺøֵһǰ࣬׼
ϣ
ͻȻһӵˡһ·ȥһ·Ҳһ顣ʱͺ, һ׬øֵ, һ׬ssrңһԷϢ
ôˣʡ
ˡϣµ棬ﻹʣһš
ؿʮһssrҡ˹ϻȡ, ˹һ룬ö೤ʱܵõأ
ĪĽȸУʱԽԽˡ
, ҵһöСr˵
ʲô
һ𿪵ĸ߼ä, , Ҫһssr, һá
ssrҵäлиãϣȡ
, ߱Ƚ⡣ҷų㿴
ˮǲǻ޷˽һˣǲػȴ޴ֻ֣Ҫһˮһжü򵥡
ʹ÷, Ѻɫˮ뵽Ǹ˵ıӣȥͻһξʱٺȵһɫˮ, ͻξ, µĶ, ¸ҵȥůɡ
ã޷ᷴġµĶͻչʾǰ
ĸе°ϣ˵ҰͻῴµĶʲôأ»ò˺øУʧܡˡ
ң㲻ֻҪäУҪģÿһǶƺõġҪʱмäС
Ҫ˹äСҲҺص̸äСڻ˸ˮֱܼǸƵůäС
ʵҲ⣬Сr˵ϵͳǹλõģĵ֮϶ǹ⡣Ҫܰߵæ
ô˭Ƶϵͳأϣʡ
СrҲ֪ӦǱѹȵĴʦ
ϣüžͲ̫
ߣܰȡssr𣿡
ϸһӦû⣬ڰĹҪһĵбůҪܶԵϡ
ȷ𣿡ϣеԥһһssrңһֺøֵ
СrҲԥˣҪˣ
ϣ˼һ£ɣʲô£ԣһʼ͵ʧܡһԣ˵ܳ
ǡһ˰
ɡ
ͷе㵣ģһֱڷ
һ㡣ϣͷ
ǻȥɣ˵ҲӦðȥ㣬ӦúϢմСһƣ
㲻ңҾȥˣϣһһϵĴ¡
öңţ˳ȥ
ϾŵĿάɿҪӽ̵׷׼ȣϵ·Ҳӿ˻ؼҵĽŲ˭Ҳ뱻Ũڵҹɫɡ
ϣ˲صԢϣеʣȥˮȡ
ĵطһκɫˮ벣СһΣˮ̸ˮΪһ塣ֵһһߺһתָָˮ
ҲһɣҾýĲе̡
ҪˮΪζûáϣֵˮǺȵġ𡰹๾ࡱȥ
ϣʼ͵͵۲ˮһ㷴ӦûУеһössrҰҪǱֿˣͰ׶һˣ͵ʴס
ǲǺȵʱ䲻԰СrɻʣڰԽҹԽӦȡ
ɣҾÿվžͱȽϾ¿
еıӷϣ죬
ȥ˯ɡ˵
밤˯Цӯӯ˵
𴽽ǣãҲһ˯š
ϣĻ
˴ޱͫӳëµӡ΢΢Ŀʵĸһ˿׸ûС
ɫƤ⣬ͻԸеɫ㶯һ£оʡ
ѵëºĺڷңмƴۣЩǷϵˡ
ϵ˺ֺһЩֻʣʮǳĺۡһദʮֵԿҽڵѪҺ
ëµ÷ϣͷϣְűӱߣֻ¶Դһգգض
ӿһ㲻Ȼ̧סۣ𿴣ϵ˺ѿٹһӾͺˣʱ㿴
ϣ촽գգۡŨ̵ܾĽëСˢӣġᰡҾֶصУ㻵ø׵㡣
ϴĵЦаɣʲôʲôҲۡ
ЦźĲеáСˢӡģҪ˯ˣĺ
š֣ߡ
£ۡ
ϣ˲侫˯
Աߣܽϣ˵ͿƤصغϣɳ
˯˯𣿡Сrһ˷ܡ
֪ٹ۲һ¡
ϣ˵
ûзӦ

ûзӦ
ִ˴ȵĺϡ˹ۡΪ˰ȫǱȥһɫˮ
ˮһζմͷϣƤǿСrѶպúһ˯ˣرۡ

𡭡ء
ϣһƬڣԭΪǸսξЧһ¾ָܻǵ˺ü£ﲻ塣۾ֲξЧһ޴ĶѨ
ȥء
Ѩʼϸ΢ٴ֪ΣҪˡ
վһӦ˻谵Ļ󣬿Ķ֮ǰЩȷʵһѨΧм޴ʯͷµʪʮֲʡźصζе
һޱʵء
ǰ˼ЬմġžડڶѨʮ
˭ǸϸСֹͣʱʮ־衣
ϣû˵ȻΣ˭֪˻ǹأ
СسȥŹԽӵû谵ѨıҲʼխС
Ǹȫûˣǰ˼ѨĶԽԽҪܼǰߡƸӵݣȻлˮܿûĽű
û߼ͻȻͣ½ŲֱԶĵطһССĺӶ
ϣȾֲȵؿںڵͷ԰׵΢ڵۣشģװ磬һʱû˵
ͻȻ˵ĻСʱͱ۸ӽԨħߣڱˮҳȥ
ĵ׵ʰ
ﰡϣЦ˵
ʶң¶ܾӣû𣿡
ϣЩЦؿŻҵȻʶ㣬ǺڰҲģǴĵطġ
ƺжǲ˵ѡ
ȴȥ𣿡ϣ˵֪ģʵ̫ˡ
Ҳºڡ˵
°ϣЦ˵
СС΢΢һ԰˭ºأֻϲڰ
ϣ֣ҪҪأһֱﲻ𣿡
Щµض֣·ǸպܿŶվ
ҿԴȥ̧˵ˣһҿɾͲˡ۶뿴ǲĲʶǰˡ
ϣе棬ΪʲôֱӴؼңǰ˲ſڰɣ
ҡҡͷ̫СˣֻܷɳѨ

С֣һز֪ץĶҶϲĴΪһ¾ͻմ䡣
ϣЦЦֱס֡
͵زʶҪֳȥǶԷյúܽ
ϣЩЦҵд𣿡
ͷ϶ˮңҡ
ϣһϣⲻͺ𣿡
Ͱ͵˵δôץ֣ӵɫͨ죬㲻֪˭ôҵ֣
Ŷϣ̰ɿûк˲һߵĴ
Ӳ˴һǶһеЦɣٶɫˣȨҲһ㿪
ϣͷһ̧۶
ҰǴδʱչģϣЦӯӯغߣǸʱŮء
ҵġŮѣ𶯣ŵؿ
Ŷ˰ɣҺİ𣿡
ֿԸıò˵
Ҫô֤أ㿴ϣڰ֮䣬ŻԿף͸ң֤ǹϵ𣿡
۾øˣŮָϵĽָɢž޴ĺڰÿһϢġֶ޷١
ʲô֣ͻȻʡ
ҽϣϣͷɫ
ϡϣһ˲ʮãʮ룬ĿͻȻɳСţ֣Ϊʲôرϲأ
ϣЦһ£ΪŮ
Ҫ˵仰ˣŬסԼ㣬һ̫СˣŮѡ
˵δϣЦӯӯ˵
ۣ֪ΪʲôܻĻĪ
Ƭ̧֮ô˵ģʲô
㣬ϣ˵ٸһЩ
ʲô
㣬ڰҲҪ£ξܿͻȥġЩ۸սĽ£㣬Ϊһΰ񡣡
ҲҪԱԼȨڰʹû㣬Ҳᵮңһ㶼ȨʲôãҾúܿء
áܿ᣿ɵʡ
ȻȻôԸΪŮأϣЦӯӯ˵
ҪŮˡСɫһαͨ졣ҧסͼԼԵ򶨵㣬ҪδԼˡ
˺һ˵ȰȥȥԺˣҪϽܣһסǡ
ϣȵۣװȵСЦˡĺÿɰôС֪Ůˡ
鷳Ҷˣǲ˵ġһ˵Ŵ󻰣һСr͵Ĵׯ
һ΢˲뿪ɽǰһƬڣǿԿΧʮֿԶһƬѹѹķӡ
һ˲ƽˡ
ޡ
ǵȻϣЦӯӯ˵ȻôΪŮأ
򴽣ôӦѾݡ
סأϣźѹѹķӡ
ٵشߡ
ξԵʣû߼Ǿ뿪ԭأվһ
ߵһСľǰƿ߽ȥɤ͸һţ̫СˣҲܼªֻķӡٴЩһѷġ
ϣЦˣס
ðشӦ
ںڰп壬ֵһֻɫĹâѸ䣬ϣһ£ȷʵܼª
ǽһ¯һŤŤӡطżһóȵֵ̨
ǽһССľܸɾࡣܿóļҵȻ࣬Ƕչ˵úܺá
󷹸԰ɣ˵
ðϣһ뿴ô
õͬ⣬Źһľǰ򿪸ӣֻмССĺܲһС㶹üĿ
ԥȫóϴûһͶϴõĹֱӼܵϡ
ϣһ̽һװˮżָϸĺܲһСඹ
ô󷹰
ԡͷ
ϣ򴽣ֲüõĳˡ
ϣѹǲԵģԡ÷ŵζƷʲôܺó𣿡
еζƷ𣿡Сrʡ
ŶûСа취𣿡
а취Сr˵Ϊξʲôʵֻ֡ҪעѵζƷͿˡ
ϣۣĶһ顣ۣǰʳиֵϣлͣлȣиɫ߲ˣмƽ׹
΢΢ۣǿδҲͲˡ
ϣξһٷʢĲȡСšඹΡţβŨ
Ѳ˰˫ֳЦӯӯ˵԰ɣδҲϲĲء
ССҧһΡʱڵûֶΣҶˮˮǸ֥ʿͻƬֱĴš
΢̧ۿϣŮЦӯӯһֱһκˣæͷװרĵӳ
Сrٴ𣬡ڰȥҪˡ
ףôѽ
ɤӣҪȥˡ
𣿡Сȵۡ
ͻȻе¡ҪҪˣҵȥٸ㲹һˮ
ڵתŸӵ⣬Ϊһֱ
ܿ죬ϣ˵͵һϻһʱ㻹ûء
΢΢ۣϾͻ̰ηϣҵһԡ
Ҫ㡣Сrߴ١
áϣҴҴӦţ뿪
һ룬͵ۣԼص˹Ԣߴȵĺû
æٴóˮһĴϣʧóһƿˮҲιԼһΣͷٴλ
һǰ졣
վһʯƵĹ㳡Χż꣬ס
ͦÿģһֱվﲻòǸɵӣ
ɵʲôϵأϨһá
ĵЦϣüĿͶǼ꣬ԳĹ⡣
ŶɵģղڷһЦ˵ʲôϵأȥϣ
ϣҪܿͼֻ˲䲻ˡ귢ؽкһֻõԼ˿ڡϣͷһֻ԰׵֣¶Ѫ⣬ſ
СǾֵҺָϣ
ϣҪתͱһɴͷһõ֪Ųһ½𣿡
ȵͫӳףĿģһ˿ȥʮߵģ
͸ڿһڷ۵꣬΢Ķ̷ҵصסһü
ڵתЩ΢Ц⣬𣬡˵ܿͻⶼȥʮˡ


84 
ϣ, һˮ½ξѾôˣ
ǼС껹û, ſǲġ
ɣһᱻ߰ɣ
, ûг꣬ûõȫȨǡа, ֣ǲġ˭֪Ժ᲻ᵹù
ô˵Ҳ
СƲ±ֵͬ飬ˡ
쵰һȺ쵰ѽ, İҶ¡
꣬ʣֻõ˿ڣ۵ڵϴŤͷŵòƨأͼ
ΪʲôأϣŰѪĶ֣ʣֹס˿ѽ
һ, ǹ, ֻ˹ᡣ
ף𣿡ϣɰͰ͵˵ںһ˵ʼûô, ÿλԼĺ
, 񵽴˼, ǵӴ, ȥֲֶʱ, һ˳, ռ
˵üѧרҷ񶨹ԲûйٷϿɡô˵ƺԭ򰡡
ֿۣתһ˿ʶ˹𣿡
֪֡ϣоĴ⣬Сĵشǣ˭֪أ

ϣôûǼλñסأǵ˵ʱ򣬴󲿷˶ڵ֪Լݡ
΢һֱǵŵģղſ㣬ϲͳ
ϣЩȣϵҰλ磿
ͷ˵ûбӡ
ϣüͷ˼ѾȥʮꡣҲ֪ʱôģʮм
뿪ƳһۣղŰĵطѾûˡѪѵȾһƬѪɫҲˡ
ǻ𣿡ϣʡ
ᣬǲңСβ΢̣һĨЦϣļȥ
ʱûоǡַƭʵѹȵĵĥºͱѣԼڰ
ʲôСأϣʡ
Ҳûʲô赭д˵ͨЩ¡ҲʱҲɼýǰá÷罫ҵݶƷ߸ҵķӵꡣ
ûⱩɹ𣿡ϣʡ
һ£˹мСֻ
ţȻֱ˹ϣ롣
첲ߣȥֱϣһıֱ˿¶˳ȻһϣѪ⻹ɼ
ǰ˹µģ̫׺áҲûܣҼ类Ҵ͸ˡ
ϣգգۣʱҲתĵ˵ȻҲûܡҼ壬ࡣҲѾˡ
ӿһ˿Цһ¡
ʲôʡ
뵽ʱ˿ڣں˵Ҳ˹ùǺ
һЦδһڸ򰡣治ۡ
ϣ򴽣̡
ͻȻ˵ˣһۡһֱҲ֪ΪʲôӼʱʮֽš
£ŮĽٲһ£ëգָɽӰ⡣
ʵ̫ÿˡ
Ů˵ĲӰǵӰغΪһʻ𣬼ϣһʱ˵ˣҲǸˡ
ķĶϣʡеʱ䲻ã˵ůĿģô̵ʱ䣬Ҳ֪ʲô
ǰ档ͷȥˣæס󣬴һ
ϣ΢΢ۣ罫ĳȹҲĳɻŤдų⡣ֻ˹ϼҲӵй
˷İܿ͵طˡŷ콵䣬ϣЩȵǰĴӡӡǸ׿СľݣȴǴŻ԰ĴӣߴһС¥
ʮǰˣͰСƷӡ㿴òãƿźڵǰ˲֪٣ܶסһˡ
ϣƳһۣ͵һ¡ĺô飬£˼ֱ˵˵ܶסһˡס˭أ
߽ӣǰҿһ𣬶Ǹ˶򡣼ҾҲȫشˡȻʽӼ򵥣ǸеĶС
񡢲ӡκһ輸һӻһյɢ㡣
ϣߵԿ԰Ĵǰ԰ǸձҵĲҶͻضǣܶСˣ¶̲ĩһֻɫء
첽ߵߣŻ԰ɫǳ䣬ȴһ㶼⡣
ϣ֪һЩǸĹֱۣûϵһҰʰ
Ҫʰ˵ָģ鷳㣬ҪЩʱ䡣һ£һζ˵ȥָ㿴òã
Ҫ೤ʱأ
Сʱͺˡæ˵
Сʱϣ΢΢ü²Сһˮ˯ôʱ䡣ζںҹиѡڰôںҹ˯أ
ɫһ䣬Ҫߣ
ұҲϣȻ˵
򴽣һΣ˵ȥȥҵ˺ܾãȵϵʳﶼܣҲûеȵÿ춼ȥĶѨһ㻹ᵽȥ
ϣ΢΢е㾪ȣ㲻ʮɣÿһ춼ʵع𣿡ⲻ
Ȼʵعӡе㲻Ϊʲô˵ǰӹúܿ졣
ʼʱͻȻʱˣһҪܳܳʱܹȥʱỳûдڹνδŮҲǱҵġ
ΪʲôأϣЦ˵ȻΪʲôһأϾܾôĵط
żȥǸδҡû뵽һԼĴףʵسԡ
𣿡
ҲΪһ뵽ǸһģһˣɾܸһļֱᵽŤ
ʮŵȵĻᣬȴֻһСߡ
һ˵һʮꡣۣͲҸʲôŮѣͲҵŮ𣿡
ҲŮ𣿡
Ǿ
ϣоһȦֻȥˡ
û취ô˵ɣҵǿԽʱ㣬ʱգҡԣҸû취áһɡ
˻ô
ɡ
Ҳأʡ
ϣһЦ˼άһģ̳ġĻ˵
²УϣЦ˵ôأʱһûгء
΢΢һֲҲ֡
ĬȻûгû취ʱҪĨɱһ취ûС
ϣЩͻȻߺܿӵůϣֺܿջȥһǰõssrңǴߴڻ
ʮǲǺ̽ʡ
΢΢һΪʲô
ΪԶţȥԺû
ŶǼ°һЦӦ°סˡҵȴ飬ȰȰ͵ϰˡٴμ㣬ֻоϲ
ΪܳһʱҶΪǱӵصײĻþ֪ʵڵģҺܸˡ
ʵҲûĵʮϣ˵ǻȥϹġҲ֪ʲôԭѾȥôá
ȻȻʧЦ˼һ£ţʵҲ⡣ʱմԽкѵȷԡңҲû׼һʱ㡣
ʱˣвʮӣڰҪѹˡСrʾ
ô죿ϣȡ
͸ҩһ߾ͺȫã㻹ͬһΣ϶ʱһαһζ̡
Ҫˡϣ˵
΢΢һʣԺ𣿡
ڵһ˿Ρ
仰ϣ̫Ϥˡÿһһ䡣ûеȴıԹƺԶҲԹһ˰صȴ
ɽСޣԹԵſţ۾Ŷڡ
ϣ˵
ӿЦ⣬аɣҾ;еͷȻʱܶݣ㹻ܾá
㽨Ȩкܶ˹㽻ѡΧ㣬ֻΪҪȴ֮սʱ˾ͻ׼㡣ԣǧҪֱÿ˵Ŀġ
𣿡е㾪ȣҳ𣿡
ǣϣͷܳʱ䶼ˡ
Ĭһ£δңǲ˺£
ףΪʲôҪô˵
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ŶûϣЦ˵ȻЩ֮ǰ¡ƭ㣬ûжʲôֵ¡ֻĥ˺̵ܶʱ䣬ͳΪˡ
Ǿͺã»ָ˵Ŀ⣬Ҽסˣ˭Ҫ˭Ǳġ
ϣͷЦ˵ôҲԡһ£е㵣һ˶ӴԸΪƧŷֱԷҲ˶Ŀԡ
Цһ£ͷá
ˡСrߴ١
Ҫϣ˵
šȻŨŨĲᣬû
ϣţĴһ¡
˫ƯһۣڵͫãȻ𾪡
ϣӻ֣ʧڿ
㵵ŮʧĿյأָᴥһԼĴ
ζ
ϣٶۣȻͷܻ裬ŤͷԷüƺϾҪѹ
æͷóСƿӣһˮĴϣԼҲһΡ
ϻȥȵ̫á
Ƥصظ£ٴνξ
һΣһ޴Ļ԰ڹľһʱе¡
ǸȪ
ϣ̧ۣǰʮԶĵطһȪǹɫİ͸ˮǣɢϢžڳ
һ˹ڷϴźɫۡϣһϳǳ
ߵȪԣĬվһ룬ȡһźɫˮǡ޳ÿ֣źͮͮǹָתתŽζڴݼɢ
Ҳ֪Լʲôʱ򰮳ǵģžʱƮƮһǣϲǵζ
ÿγԵĶǸůŮ˿ȹӣţٵһ¡貵۾ʢһôƯôů
˵ŮѣôΪʲô˺ü꣬Ҳأ
һֻȥȪ͵ǡԽϣĽűɵĴβͲϣĽס
ϣһΪ֮ģһľԡ
ͷ̱һƬӰס׹ڵĺס
ʶỽһʵеǸûв󱧱
΢΢һ򴽣Ӱ
ι˶೤ʱ䣿ЦʣһʮҾܿظˣû뵽һӳˡ
һգգضƺжǲǻĵȴʱзʱΪ̫˼᲻Ծزþ
١ϣǰλΡ
̫ãҲ͹ꡣ˵
Ů˿¶Цݣ̫ˣٶͦ
λǴãңһˡЩǸ˵
һΣ¶һ˿㵺Ϳ־壬һֻĴ͵߬סһ˿ѪҺĲỺ
ţõģܿͻˡϣæο
һɲˣ
ƽһЩ򴽣ҼĻûнύһѡ
ϣ΢΢Щȣһû𣿡
ţ˵һǵЦݺܼ٣ĿҲȷõȨǱ
ֲҪμº࣬ԭܿƭǶξ
į𣿡ЩĵʣҲ˶š
Ĭһ£ģҵ˶Ŀġ˭أΪ¶֫ĽӴ
һЩõģѾϰ߹¶ˡҾ˵ò˶ãҾͻ㣬ʱҾˡе㲻˼˵Ůʡ
ҪȺܳʱأϣе㲻ȷʱڵʲôʱҪ೤ʱ
Ǿ͵Ȱɡ˵ֻҪ˵϶ҾͿԵȥȶҲûϵ
ԣڵֻҪһϣ֧ȥµǣĻ룬һξԺָڡ
ʵ𣿡ʣİɣ
ϣ΢΢һûɵеɬö⣬ŻΪİ
֣ԼɫؿʵģҽϣŮѡ
ָȶᴹǾûʲôµˡֻҪʵģȶҲԸ⡣
뿪ˡСrС˵
Ȼθˡ
Ҫ𣿡ɫ졣
šϣЩǸصͷҲ֪Ϊʲôλ졣
ЦһûϵضҸеǸҺܸˣⱾֻһͨ󡣡㣬һӾͱɿ֧Ҽȥ
Сrߴ١
ˡϣ˵е㵣ģ֪᲻һСôأssrңһӰӶû
ɲԡԥ˵
ʲô
ɲϴٱҲ֪Ҫǲ̫֣ȻԣҲûϵ
𣿡ϣЦһ£Ȼԡȥûķһʧˡ
ȵػ
ڡϴͳĻӦ
ξзǴĶ䡣
žۣ˹ͫӳڵԷһգգضȷʵԡ
̧һֵΡ
ǲεСʱҡңͳԺңʡ
ţԡ
ҲҵΡ۾˵
ף֣ϣգŴıɫۣΪʲôǵλһأ
Ϻܶණ޷ͣ˵鲢ûз
ûлɣϣģӿЦ⣬ȤǰĲǵҰ
ţͷǺů
ţ
ĳҺůǶι¼ŵһȥҲûо֮ǰ˴Խʱȥû뵽һлķ
һҾú֣ϣʣÿȥʱ䶼˺ܾá㲻ξôðɣ
ûСذԼϣáûôãξĴ
ϣĿڣǿ̫ˣȻҪھˡô£ҾȻôá
ҲþãĿתؿǺܾûмһϣβ뿪˰ɣ
ϣΪ˵ξ£Ц˵ȻˣҾ߰ʵġ
ͷͷ
ϲssrңڰʧõĹ⣺һûиľô꣬»ص˹ȥÿһ춼ڵ
Уˣsr


85 
ϣ۾΢΢, ʲôĵôꣿ»صȥÿһ춼ڵ
ⲻξΪνĹ˺ö꣬ξĴ
Сr, ԣҸùʲôСsr
ԡ
СsrˡΪssrʱٹСssr, ͿԸԷssr𡣡ϣ˵, , ղ㶼˰ɣΪʲôľһξأ
Ҳ֪srͷ, ҸһΪΡΪεʱ򾭳ֲʱͿռ䣬ͻȻصСʱ, ȴûΥ͸СssrҵĻֲ˵ѡ
ϣüѧĺѽ͡ǲɷϵ, Ϊߣҵˡȵɹ, ȫ𣿡
, ֪ҸղŲ֮ļд, ϵͳرսøֵĹܡҲ˵, ûкøֵǻԱġ
ϣ
ˡߵǰ, عֵĽֵղǶξ, ʮƣ, صһ
һûϣ䡣һϣԽʱгεļ䡣
Ҳͣȷȷʵʵʵļ䡣֪ʱܣֻȥ֮յȨ
ȥ֮񣿡sr飬ϾֻʱȨ
Ҫزˡϣ˵˴ȥϴϴ
ʱſ֪ʲôźɫĳ㣬ϰţĿںԵһɫ˿ڡ
ϣͻȻʱڵҲ˿ڡǸʱҲ֪ʲôͦġ
ָһ£ʲôʱܺأ
Ůϴָ˿ʱ΢΢һԼСһ۵һ¡
ϣ龢ʹУû˼ס֣
ʲôϣϣ΢΢Ǻ졣
촽Сǵ˿ڡᴥ񴺷һ߽
ͷСģСĵȴ˺ܾúܾһֱ¡촽·Ħţһ˿۵ڡÿһһƵʱ򣬶ıزڡ
ŮԹԵرۣȡһرر㣬ڵȵĳʵСǶ¼Ҫľģٲ֣ܻ취֮вҳ
ֲĶˣҲˡ
㻹𣿡ڰϣǵôʱĴʡ
찡ϣŬˮʵۿԡ
һȥ˹ǱȻȥгˡȥ˹һȦأһгֹȥˡ
Сsr
СsrʱʦҪٴγӪҵ𣿡
ϣû취ͲһssrҾܻؼˡ
ɰȥ㡣˵
ԼͿġ
ͷޱߵ鷢𵽶󣬡аɣһ㡣
ϣûСsrͣ棬ôصĲ١
յңͿһֻСվɳϣ۰Ͱ͵Ŵ⡣ͻȻҵСһС̻Ϊڵϡ
ڻˡжضҪˣûȥڽʯһϡ
һϣҲùսսԱ߷վһḻʹͣιʲô˼
ܵķʽʵǣ̫ͳˣֲˡ
ҲûдӦȥϣЩȣ˵ǽ硣
ףӾȣɡæһħ䣬˲ˣϣͰա
ȷе˵ӦӰ
Ӱ񿨶˵ԣΪ˶һʱ䡣
Ӱϣ˵һ²С
Ӱ񿨶˵ôҲԡ
Ӱϣ˵ɣһȥ
ġ㵵ۣʲôӣô̵ϢŪ
ⲻ֣ϣ̴㣬㡣
ɣʡ
ǡϣͷ
õġһʧڿУȥ溣ˡ
ߺϣпСsrʲôܡ
ȴ͹ܣÿԴĻءҿЧжϵ÷ֵĻᡣ
أϣʡ
磬ͨԷٶȣʲôʱпܵ÷֡
𣿡
оӰĹܣ¼һͶų¼һ˯ģȱǲܿһ¶ڡ
ȫϢͶӰһҶˡ𣿡
ûˣ
ô㣿ϣеʧ
srΡҲϷsrǹơֵ˻ͦϧ
аˣһ·֣Ҿ׼ȥ˹ˡ
ʮֺøֵʮssrҡˣ˵ˣÿĺøֵᵽ֡ǵ޶ssrҵͬʱøֵҲ޶㡣
ϣ
ҸоڵĹʮּߣ˻Сr״̬𣿡
ܡ˵ˡ
Ժ󣬶һԲõĹ𣿡ϣЩ
ȵˮи𣿡Сsr˵
ԣ޷ξҾͻᱻξҵʡҰ˰Ҷssrˡ
ԣһˮϵͳжǰûааԣܻᱻξ
ʲôпܣ
˵ʱҪֻҪϾͻ᷸˯š
ϣͫ׽ңҽ챾ȥ˹˵޵ιһ¡뷨ӳˡû˵£
ûˡ
ϣûٵ飬ϵĶװ¶󱳵ľƺɫ˿޳ȹϣתת֮䣬˲뿪˷䡣
һ룬ߴĵá̻Իͣͷտա˹ĵطǽ˵㣬ͽѾ뿪ˡֻʹڹ˹˵
ŲͬʱͶĿ⡣
ֻһۣæԴ
ȥɡ˹ԸĿϣеƲûôȹӡƺɫȹˮһûȹţ߱¶
ҿˣʱܵõøֵСsræʾ
ˣϣЩ׵ģô𣿡
ȥ˹Ҫ˵ͱŮ§סһǡ
Сsr
һֺøֵ
˹ᴹĿ⣬ôȥѧԺ𣿡
ûȥѧԺ
ţȥˣ˹ɤʡ
ϣɫѵƽù֣֪֪ˣ̳ϣȥˡ
˹һӳ⣬ˡʾкܶѡ
ôˣϣЦӯӯ˵
ֻ֪һ£ѣһм
΢΢°ͣ۲顣
ˣҪͣƣǧСsrС˵
ֲ֪ʡ
˹ضƬ̺󣬰һקͷȥ
ϣ
㵽׼׼
СsrϴεĳԡⲻǵĿùԡ
ϣרע˹촽ҧһڡֹ֫ȥ
ʱһСеس
˹΢΢ֽۣΧϰ
bٶȺܿ죬ſھֱ嵽ǰΪٶ̫ˣһ·϶ûʲôʱǰһƬ
Խֱ벻ǵЩ¡ָ̻ɫſ˵糿еʫ裬һطˣرһ顣
˹
bװˣʥɽϵѩ
ϣеЦ˹ǣᴹţ̽촽ϡ
˹һָѹĴϣʾҪ˵ҲҪҶ
ϣûᣬվϣЦ
Ůһķ٣Щɢ鷢ƽڸ·ͳµıȫ¶˳
˹ڷϣ֧°ͣ嵭ɨѩɢͶ֮⡣
ϣҲʵš
ԺСsrͣػ㱨ָۣԽԽˣĺü㻹֣Ѿָˡ
ϣ˵ֻܻһֺøֵ˵ssrҡ
ܱյĿռ䣬ײ㺡˹е㲻רעˣҲbǱرˡǸ˲ͣظһλҲʧȥȤ
Ŀϣıĺֱܶׯһ鱳һƯĺǣߡ⻬Ưľϸµİ״һ񱻹ƻһͷһǡ
ϣëһº̧Ǹ嵭ף۵һƬѹֵĺɫѪ˿
ףԺСsrıԽԽߡ
塣
İ١
١
ٵʱϸ׵ָ˹ĲĲĴоĵնһߡᴭһ£ס֫ת˸ѹαϡ
Ĵ϶͸˰bһ˲佩Ӳٵ˼άҲӰ䡣ˡ
ͻȻʹ˵ĻŰͲҪȥûȤˡʱΪʲôʹ˵Ǵˡ
ǲĺ𣿡ʮֲ⡣
㲻ǣʹһĪؿٲġ
ðɣǸûʹbʫۺãŻضĵ뿪
b뿪ϣۣȹȻǳҡ˹ĴĲڶϼ䡣
СrǱssrҵıﵽö˹ССģ˹ˣαϵıʯҺۡ
˹ͣ΢΢šֵűʯ°͸ľƽ˺һᴹۣȹӡ
ϣЦӯӯؿҵУֻ˹˵Ϊء
˸һʲô˹ʡ
ŶǾ˵˵Ե㶫ǺͨĽ
ŶҲǣ˹˵֮Ľһ¡
ϣ΢΢ۣ⻹ǹһţÿ糿ĵ˵ʥ࣬Զ볾鰮
˹Լͽÿһ£ᶼҪ
ǲ˵һÿһ£ҵ󡣡
Щ£𣿡ϣЦʡ
˹̧ۣޱȵؿҵͱ㳶ˡЩΪ˵񣬲˵ҵġһ죬ҪĳܣҲȥܡ
ϣ΢ſ˹˵黰黰һ档Ȼ棬Եøɰ
Сһ˵ģһЦڹ𣿡
˹ĮĴ΢΢˻ȣҲô˵
ϣߵһԵʥԼҵˣҲǺۼôؼأ
Ҫ𣿡˹е㾪ȡ
ţȥѧԺϿΣҲܲȥ
˹һ£֣΢⣬޵ĺ󱳻˼¡vߵĲϣѸٺһ𣬰ĺڵʵʵ
ھȥ𣿡ϣתָʧһƬ׹ʱСsrʡ
ţȥһͰɡ
˭ϿΣ
ΪʲôϿأϣЦ˹˰٣ûء
âʧ˵ζӭʮҫۣӳɳ̲һƬӰĲӻơ
ס⣬ʮ״ľ޴ʯһ׳¡ɫ㡢Ƥѥꡣ°ͣɢֵĮԱվʹڿˮŵĻɫСӰ
濴˹˵ⶼõܾٶ´αٱƭˡ
˹ϣѵ߸Ьųȥ
˹ȵزһΣ˲ֵǰԭΪԼټӦú
ǵŮɫĳ紵ң̱޴ĿЩȴʧȫŮõЦʧ
ô̲סССرԹһ
ұȸԼʱҪ磬ϣЦ˵˵磬ˡ
ӱ𣿡
Ǵ˹˵
˹΢ɤ̴⣬ΪԸƭƭҡ
ⲻƭ𣿡ϣЦ˵ӱػصң´£ȹӶûˡƣôȣһų䡣
˹°ͣǴӱģҲûи˶١ɣ֪㲻ȥס֣ʧɳ̲ϡ
ԶĿ΢üĿƳһӰõĽѧ˾ôˣСӰҪҪˣ
ϣ˹һ
һźİɫд¶̨һС԰ԺҬ͵ÿʮ
·Ҹġ˹¹ĸɫȹӡɫʮֺͻǳһɫɫаɫ
ҼǵֻϲЩɫ
ϣֿٻȹӣһǳɫСԲȹͣ
Ҵϸţûб¶ĵطͿڸһЩۼʵ㿴Ҳûϵýˣ˹ϰ˸ޡ
ιֶ˹Ӧòİһϲ塣
ȥڵСҰȹӻáɵǳɫȹӣĵµС
մϴҳ˹ס֫ķ䣬㲻ҿĴ㿿ҵĴ
˹Сϣ󾪣ҽһҪԶ㡣


86 
ôˣ˹һɻ
ϣȥ, ôԶԶĿʼߣҲиԤСèһҸ˵һκϸԤԡҪ봲Զ, Ǵס
ϡ档˹Ц˵, ǸԤСèȷʵͦ׼ġȻ, 㻹봲ԶɡҲ¶ǿĵͷǴӴϵʲôġ
˵Ķ, ϣͷ, һʲô, , ȻӴϵ, ĵͷ
Ϊʲôʲôأ˹Ц˵, ÿζҵβ͡
һ¾ܵõøֵСsr˵
ףΪʲô
Ϊڶ⡣
Ѿøֵˡ
ʮֺøֵ, ʮssrҡǽʣʮķֺøֵ, Ҳ, ʱױ
Ҫǣ֪ssrԺ, һҪĶٺøֵΪܱ֤Ͼͻصԭ硣, ܵǺҪġСsr˵
˹ϣЦŻ
ʲô˹һһ˫ˮɫͫ, ΢΢Щڱһץס, 嵹һɲ, ˫һ
, һֺøֵ
ʲô˹Ц˵, ֻһ㲻ҡ
һоϣֿٵһڡ
, û֣ˡ
Ҫ˹Ц⣬΢΢
һͷ˫ֲ嶵һÿĻȣȻĵ飬ᴥĴһ˿̽ȥܵûӶĿ
ʱڻţۣڰ񡣿ĻʯҲ꽥伱ĺ
˹ʳ֪ζӶţ·ԶҲǲģЩ㣬촽Ƶ°ͣٵŲıԵϸϸ˱š
ϣеǵµĲ֡촩ȹںСԲԲģ׺һȦС顣ƣûƿȥˡ
˹һָֻֻצӡָɻϣһ¶ѩ׵ļСıʯûߵ֧ţžһء
ϣȵۣ˹ȡ
ʲôִǺͼϵĺۡ
ŶǸûϣѻ꣬Ƶıת˹ȥ
˹ɿһ˿⣬ֳĲϣѩ׵ļϺ۸ࡣ
ңȥʯ̲ϴ˸ǹһĨЦ
ҲŮձõĽںߣеƣǰҰ˸ޡι֪ɣǺеѽ
˹ֱҪЦˣιްεôϡ飬εƣָһܿΡ
ϣ̲סЦ˵ˣֲ
˹ָѩϻϣƤϸףЩۼΪԡ
СʱͼϵǣʧˡҸղˣҲʧˡ
ôడ
˹һתЦҲô
һ֣âϣ·ϵıʯӣطһƴ˻ȥ˺ٹ
Ҳ²£˹Ƥɣ˹䣬ڰһҩʦһιʦ
ϣЦֱˡ˵ӱֱӹģ˹ˣ͸һ
ôϲ𣿡˹ζӲô㡣
ϣһ£ţϲ
أ
Ҳϲ
˹أ
Ǻϲ
ȷϴ½𣿡˹ֱ俴ôпź˵ģ
˲𣿡ϣЦ˵ҾúĻܺأֻҪϲͿһ𡣡
붼롣ָ°͡
Ҳô˵ϣĵ
össrңֺøֵ
ףssrôõģ
ΪԴףרһĵ·ǰһ
Ըסͬһڱרһĵ·ǰһ
ϣ
ߴθһ
˹˻ȥӿһ˿Уˣ
ţˡϣĵ˵
˹̴ٵЦ߰ɣȥʳһԵĲñϣͷϡ
ʲôС𣿡
Ȼ֪㲻ϲԴ̵Ķ
˹Цǣ֣ȥ˹ķĵط㿴˳۵Ľ극ȥǱߵӹһ䡣㼯ȫˣܻҵϲĶ
ΪʡǮһ䡣
ⲻǲƸɣϣӿЦݡ
һԶɡ˹ռ϶ٴ󵽷ġ
˹Ǻ׸ȻߣΪŷ籩Ȩһֱͷϸ꣬ʡ
нݶɫģӸߴȥֱһƬ
½Ȳ½ɱţֿźıӣǳߡչ¶Цݡ
ϣԼǺˣǧǰĸ˹ӿһиС
ѡѡȥѡһҺʵꡣ
˹Щȣ㲻ǲϲ𣿡
Ҳϲ㣬ϲ԰ϣЦ˵
˹߳һᣬ㲻ҿǣ춼ܳԵ㡣ֻϲԵĶͺˡ
Ҳϲ㣬ϲԱϺ˹֣ߣ˵ʵһֱ㡣Ҳɣôµ˿ڣ
㲻ҵֻԴʯľ˹º͵ؽͣҵǻ㣬ԽĴࡣ
ԭ
һֺøֵҾ˺ĹҮСsr͵͵˵
Ҳûգϣ˵ĵ÷ֻͦɵġΪΪ˵÷ֲųԺʵ𣿡
ѵ𣿡
Ȼǡ֪˹ֻϲԺĶϲĶ
ҸжˡŮˡ
ϣ
ĺûʲô󲿷ˮ󣬸Щϣԭ֭ԭζ
ϣ౴ϺҪ˼㡣˹ݣʳܴ󡣴ŸйأϣһֱǸȻ
˹ܺã͸͸ĲʻĲϣѩ׵һһ̵ʳϣ˿ףּ˲ܲ
㿴ܸˣϣʡ
Ȼ˹Ц˵ڲٵʱּµĸоҲÿɫСı˹ϳȥ
㿴ҵɫϣȣӦҿɫɣܹңʵǰţҸû㡣
ң˹ŴЦֻҪ㲻ˣͿ¡£˹Ҷˡ
㲻ˣ¡ɶǣһôãѵͷζû쵽
ϣ
û뵽ǣһӶԼкüԣʲôʱרһأ
ϣû뵽˹רһԷҲרһ
Цӯӯ˵ģȾ͵ı˸áҸܵרһȻͻΪˡ
ÿζܵרһ˹еˣӵڣֻһ⻹רһ
ԶҶˡϣ˵
ѿ˹ǰϲ˹ˡʱܰš˹ģͱԵøɸɾ׵ϣʲôմ
ó𣿡ǵĹ˹ֻʣһˡ
óԣ˹ɫȫ㣬ϲˡȨûãûбȺʺҵĵطˡЦ˵ϴ½ǱظңҶҪˮ١
ٰѼԹ̧ۿϣǱ̵سԱ⣬ԱߵϺһҲû
Ϻҡ֡
𣿡ϣ̰ӵݸҪҪ⣬ҿ԰ޡ
Ҫ˹Ц˵ٰϺǡ
ϣ⣬ҪȥȡµģһӰõϺƵǰЩȣΪҪԣԼ԰
ô㶯֣˹Ҫˮϴ֡
ϣʹۣķƬϴ֡
˫޳Ĺǽڷ֣ԭúȨõġרŵ̸ʳҪ֡
֮ͳһĺñ£ȫΪסڲٵԵʡȥʹһжԼ֡
ôһ룬˹һѧ꣬סڶݵļȳɳ
һössrҡ
ףϺҲרһ𣿡
ģںУδ˭Ϻһ̡

ϣصϾŵ롣һŮôǲԵġβⷽſˡԣҲδ֡
ðҹˡСr˵
Ϊʲô
ΪˮĸǶʮСʱ
㲻˵𣿡ϣü
ġֻҪ˯ţͲᱻ硣ǴշʵҪߣû˯ˣմҲ̾ڰ񡣡
˼˵ʱֻҪעˡϵʱҵͬʱעⴲԼ˯ţ
ԣ
ϣ̾Ƚų˺ܶķѾ£˿̸оǳƣ͡
аɣһ¥ݣһ˸Щʳ飬ͨﵩؿҲûаҹ
ֻһ´ûϵɣ
УСsr˵࣬޷ֿߡֻҪմһ´ͻ˯һز𡣡
Ȼֻһ´ڵϣЧ롣㵹ڴϣˣξʱҲǳ
ϣ˸Ƿ
ƿţ컨崹֦ˮϣȼҪ˯ŮͻרӹϨˮơǽҪˣԽƻͨԽ
·ʱһ±ýš·Ǹ޴Ļѣһ㶼ճɻҽ
СߣͻȻŵײȵһëΪŵüһת֮ʣȹ˴СsrֵУصȥ˯ˡ
ôˣô𣿡ĽűһӰӿٰθߣɫ˿۵֮һãؿ
Ťͷһ۴¾Լ˧ָ߹̧˵Ƭ۾һʶСƽϡ
ɽŮڴ룬ĵذѵ߸Ьϱ
Ů˯գ̲֮סԼ
ͬʱңԶĺڰյĻ㱨
ϴι۲쵽ϣСϧץ鱱ж޷ѧĺӣƶӦߡϣ֪󣬻ܸ˰ɣ
ˣˣҪǸеˣȥϢɡʱǱصİ죬˸еƣҲ
ףˣվȵ۾ͫӳ˯ģ
ɣѵ˶ˣ۳
ۣԼڱĵ棬۵
ֱʹɿʵҪ
֪Σû뵽ôʵⲻ˹ս󣬲ɽ
ͻȻʱ˯ˡոôҲ֪Ǽһһˡ
þ˸ز䵽˱˿ڣ䷢ɳƵ
ɣʹаȥ󣬸ҪԶĽŲʱһǻڳӵȺҲ׷ֱĳ
ϣĽŲ
ԣգգëϣͻȻ䣬αúȤе㲻ˡ
ϣ첽߽ɽΪˮһǰļ䶼ûˡǸҪĽš
һ㶼ǲ𣿡Сsrе
ǺҵĸоܳʱƵġϣ΢΢ü
ðɣɣҲΡֻҪ㲻˵ͺˡ
ΪʲôҪ˵أϣĪôˣû˯ѵ㡣ϵͳǿס
Сsr
ʲôϣͻȻͣ½Ų쳣䣬ţϾҪ̯ڵϡڲԶľʯԣһɫӰεضϡ
ֱ񣬡Сsrһ㶼ϲ˵ϲ㷢ֺڰ
ڰ񡭡
ϣͷƤ˲÷顣ĲһΪᷢһſڵϵģһϢĺڰͿʩůССس޶ëڰôôأ
ǸֱˣЦ˵ղſ㿴ôסˣôôÿ
ϣ
ڰȻϣŵĻŵ
СnȷҵǺڰ񣬲Ǻ𣿡
Сsr˸ۣôܳڱأ˹
Ϊʲôôḡ
ḡֻСsrҲ֪ô͡
žʯվϵ˿ڱŵˣ۵ңҪˡ
ϣȵۣ˵ḡ񶼲ɣ
̧ۣŮµ⣬̲סЦһԣˡʱϣʶôܻ
ɰ
ʱôûֱ֣֪Ӱ°ڤˡϴ½Ͳ˹˹
뵽ҲܵľٶͻȻһɬ
ҡٴ֡
ůСsrʾһСžţ˵磬˵ײģ׬öء
ðɡϣӲͷƤ̵ڰʵҲ⣬úڰа񰡡ڰҲ̫̫ɫˡһҪЩֵ飬ôܾأ
ٻһʱ̲סקԼŮײ˿ڣ۵ùǺ
Դˣϣֻ˵ãôɫ
ģһʵصͺۿת˭ģǡ̫ˡ
Цһ£ҿ
ϣһǲǲô˵ԷӦþñ˰ɣ
׼˵ʱ°ͱ̧ͫӳƯһۡ
ҿͿҴԢҩȻҡ
ϣ
Ѿ޿ɾҩ˰ɣ


87 
ڰӦ
˵, ͦƽģǳϵظߡ
˵ɫɣûжֵ, ಻ͣضһ˫ڵһ, ŲЦ⣬ƺܸˡ
Ѿе㲻ǵõʲô龰ˣ, ͼǵ˿ںۣԼ§ҡ
ϣ΢΢ü˵ʲôСn, ǲΪ̫, ˻þ
ǣ, ˵, ҲСnСsr
ϣţԼļ, û˯ţҵļġó֤˵ҡ
Сsr̾ϵͳҲǩʲôģ֤ԼĶûС
ղ˵ȥԢϣȻ
ԡЦŻش
ϣü, Ǳ, ¶ŵĲˡôůԼӡС, ̫Զˡ
, ȱÿ춼úܳʵͱˡ
ղ硢·һϵи¹ůľٶͨͨûеõ֡
֤ʲôҪĳӲúܣѰСů򶯲ҪѾůˡ
ɶssrѾ
˼ô޶ëʱǰৡ̧ͷͫӳʮֻ֩룬ڶڷɿеŴ˻š
ֵͣ½Ųͫ׽ʲô
֮ɭԽԽˣ̧ɨһۣº͵ؽ⣬˻ʬ
ʬϣ΢΢һͻȻһ˵ѧϰˣ󶼻ɹ޷ڤٴתʦǶϣͻļޡ
ô룬ȷʵòҡԭΪͨ˺úõںߵͷҲĻᡣСn֮󣬲ҪΪȳΪʦó
ûбİ취𣿡
취ֻһؿ޸k
޸ϣ˼ظһ飬ǣôԸȢأ
Ц˵ҲûУͬһСȢ𣿱ᣬڰһᡣ
ϣգգëΪʲô
ΪԺڰԣλ𷢵Ĺɲϣӵı
ڰ񡭡Ůˣϣȵؿ𷢹˭϶ǺͷSsrĽѾôˣ
ȻˣһһˡЦ˵
ϣɫر԰ףоԼӺڰòŷ֣ԱԶˡSsrѾѺڰˡ
ôˣеؿϣ̫ԾıײеˡȻξϣξǲԸġ
һ£һֳָ
ʲô΢΢ۡ
绶ӭ㣬ǹŶ߾ǰ߳ʣ֪һСܡ
ʧܣ㽫ʧȥһ㶫ʾµǱըƬ㹻İȫУŶ
磿üͷǧСеһ𣿹ֲͻȻ˯ţԭǱС磬ʲôϣ𣿲ϣΪʲôẦըƬأ
˿ϣԷü̫˵ӡֻܿ
ϣİΣֻ̫͡ںܶһʱϣһ
СsrŻˣǸӵĵߡϴôûʾѵǶԷߵŴ
Ѱ
ϣʲôءssrĽȾȻô졣
㱣ֺ״̬ȥǧҪҷֲᣬûа취
ɽڵ֩벻˻ţʼǽ
ϣһʶˡƳ̽§ѹɢȥ
һһ޴ѹ£֩룬Բʮаȫ˸ɾ
ͷŮһŹֵؿ˵ĸӡ
ʶϣ󣬰ѹȥļȫˡǰøվһΣѵǴҲʵ磿ϣǹߣ
һ˵ĸоһ϶ߣһȱ˵ʲô
ϣͷһԡ
Ůһŵӣһ㣬°ͣЦ˵ˣЩǰҲˡģĸ磬Ҷܵ˺
ϣգգۣ״ӼڰͲΥ͸ʲôˡǾǣԷƺʶǺڰ̽ģСn˵ȫ䣿
Լļͬ䣬ͻȻȷ
ɽͻȻŲ֪ϴһ߷Բʮħ׷Ĺʹ
˵׷ҵļһˡɤдһЦ⣬ºȤ¾һ飬ͻȻִʹϣһģȻͷʹ
ʲôϣʡ
Цһ۴ɫ󣬡Ǵңºе㲻ġϾǳǣ˶ߵĺԼͳȥģ岻һԣ
ʲôϣʣһۣ촽غסĴ˲һƬհףֻԷᴭһͱȵϢһӵ
˼գգۣǱʶ£ȴڰˡ
ѯСnȴֻԷط
Ĵʹ͵ɲסŲԼͬס۾
ߵ顣
ףΪʲôҾ仰˵
˵𣿡
ʹֲûǣǾǸףΪʲôҪ˵Ļʧ𣿡
ҵˡСsr˵˵ˮӦתγͿѹˣһ£ڸ𣿡
ҸʲôϣһӦø˵״̬ڱǿǰΪ˷ֻܷȻҲΪʲôŮѻôʡȷǣĻҪ
СsrЦ˵챾УҪֵҲǵò֣ΪЩ顣
޳ɹ˵Եõ벻ĶôҪˡ
һ׹ϣе˲ʧûжԷֱ۵֧ţһ£
ɽѾˣȡ֮βҵĺ԰
Ŷɫ˿ȹǰһƬ۵⣬Լҫ۵Ĵڡ
һĸʿɵİ׳°ɫϴźɫƤѥҵ£Ҳ˿ůֵĮ
˹ˣỽͫžϲĹ⡣
ղ˵ҪԼ˹ȥݿչǱԷܾˡææϻõֶΣԼ֡һСӵ˸ڡСأ
ԲԣеˣղɽμΪʲôɽĵһأ
𣿡˹΢Ц֣һƽС
ԡϣȥӡû򣬶Է־޵ػģһС΢΢ۣ˹ĮĴһ£ֱӱűߡ
ңϣɤһЦȫǻ
ϣ޵ظԷ֡ӽԷⲻļƻ
˹һãŮҲż֧ϣ°ͣϾؿΣûйʵ
ؼǵãϣȥ򣬹˿ȹӣԼԼ¶һƯĺǡ֫ôϸ·ͻ۶ϡ
ֻؿǸʱûҲû˹۾ֻһˡ
ϣʰſϿŶԷԥһʣ˹ˣһȥħչɡ
á˹ͷӦ
ףΪʲôôʹӦϣɤ͸žȣΪҪúþò˵㡣
һ˺ܾ𣿡˹ʡ
ţ
ǸҲпܣϣֲǰĹʧȥκεط˹˵
ϣգգëְ졭˹˺͡λ֡
˭˹ۣԼӦòᱻ֡ӵˣֻˡȻǶԷȫ鷿Ǽ£ûԭ
塣һأҰ˳ʲôҪ󶼴Ӧϣ޹Ĵ۾˵
Ȼּûңֲɵôܵ˹棬˵Լռڰأ
˹΢΢ͷ˳Ľˮһָ촩
ЦЦҪҪȻҽסòã
ؼǵãһΣ׶ġŮЦݻû죬ֳԾ£ͷĽ𷢴ŲõһУӴҲ
ڸе𣿡СrͻȻʡ
ϣеץ񣬡ΪʲôҸ߲ˣ
ΪǶԷĹ񰡡Сsr˵֪޷ҡΪļֻദ˺̵ܶʱ䡣ȻҪ˵Ӱ죬Ҿ;ҳϵϵͳǵһ飬˭㣬Ҳҡ
ȷǱڹң㣿ϣеЦ
Сsr
ϣ촽˾ģԼͬϣѡͬ顣
˵ͺڰĸоȷʵе̧֡ۿ˹΢΢ƺһ𾪵ؿʲôģ
˲ԤУСn֪ڿʲô𣿡
֪Сsræ֮ǰɽصͼų
ϣĶּ΢λԼСnУӦʹ˵ߣĹǵߵĸá
±ըƬʡûë˵㣬û񵽡
Сn㲻˵ֻҪתβͬǾ뿪𣿵Ҽǵãûӵд͵Ĺܡ
һԴĴΡsr
ðɣ˵̫ûš֪ڵļǲŸմԽá
ףǴΪϣѡСsrرˣоԼ
һ׹ź˵ĻϣԼվһ޴ĽʯϡһյĲƿĶѾˡ
ҪԺ𣿡
Сsr˵ϣӦҲǸλһǱĻ˵ʲô㲻Ҫе˾ˡ
㲻ֱӽҴ뿪ת
ҵĴ͹ȴʱ䣬ʹãõһȡ
ϣ
һ޴˻һʲôɳ̲ϣһƺ˸е۵úܡ
ϣ߹ȥԷ׵ľͣķƾСĵš
˹ʹһ΢ţ¹˹ˮô
ϣŷһ
˹ƶţ޷ʹ÷βֻˮһһЩ
ϣ𣿡˹ΣŽʯָٽɳأβʹġ
֪ҵ֣ϣȡ
ô᲻֪㵱񿨶һ𣿿죬ŪˮңȻԺˡ
ϣŤŤͷҲʢˮɴķƴ飬װ˰ƿӽľ
ˮ˹̺ܺܶ࣬Щˮ֣ɤɳƵ˵Ҫ
ϣȥʢЩˮϡ
Ժ˹ʧϴϸ΢۵ƤҲЩһ÷κĹܡ
˹Ц˵пϣʲôûãҸҪ뿪ӣͻȻһͷԵ˯˹ȥҿиһ֣磿
ϣգգۣξеʱ޷ƣȻôͿʾ֡
ϣҽ㣬˹Цų֣ôԶô㿪İ
ϣûķӵϣһԵĽʯ¡һ仰˵СnĴ͹ȴ
˹Ц˵ҹԳɹ֪СҲںǸܣҸں顣֪Уκ鶼Ҫϣңұϰˤˡ
ϣѱ紵ҵĳ££ɿԼӣĻ
˹˴ǿʣһ㼯ָϣ͵һקϣһ˹ȥ
ȵؽסСĵطԼβϣع𴽽ǣƣⲻǹ𣿡
°ͣǳ¼ҿ𣿡
ϣҡҡͷ
᲻Ὺģ˹Цʣҵβͣϲβˡط
ϣеôΪʲôԷΪأ
аأһӿϣµβʧɳ̲ϡԵҲˣȡ֮һֻСֿɰᡣ
СsrϣָʼһæסϾ뿪ˣɱһֻϡ
ʧȥˣϣ̹ϵ˵ϣ׷ʲôûáڵҶԾİ
ʧȥ䣿Сظһ飬һЩԭ˵ôЩͬ
Цаɣ֪ûôùԡ꣬㲻ʶңǵǹͬЩ£ôֺƶ״ȻİɣҲܰһΡ
»ָģ˦˦βͣӿȡһдֵֽǩְɡ
ʲôϣּ̲סۡ
һ֣һдš˹˵ϣѡڶдšϣ˵˹˵öԡ
ǩˣҾ͸㡣
ҴӲڲ˽Ķǩϣܾ
鷳˹ץסָͷһ£ϸ׵ָӿѪ顣
˹ָֽ̰ϡֽ˲仯ΪһâʧڿСͬʱһһŮĶԻͻȻ
Ѱɣ
˵öԡ
óǺġ
ϣһãȻʲôأ
˹Ҳаɣ˹ϣ΢΢۾ó𰸡
ɵЦ˵Ŷˡξܹͨ½룬ʲôᷢǴҶֻ֪ŻؿԼġ
ڸӦǿĹâʱ˹׻ģסŮȥ
ˣǻ뿪㣬ͷѽˡϣԹңܸܲǾһ𡣡
ҵĴͺСsrĵ˵
˹ȵۣŻеŮŵƤЦݻɰ׹⣬ǸԼͰɣΪʲôҹں㱼˹ۿ


88 
ĶϣǰһƬ׹ʡ
ǽûѵʱ, Сr˵Ҫȵ߽󣬲뿪
, ϣ˲ûڣҸղЦ, ˹㵵ûס˹ҳɹ𣿡
ļָˣ
ָ, ϣӿЦ⣬ζСsrǰǸôߵϵͳ, ѾɳΪεĻˡ
ٺٺ٣СsrͷҲϲô죬Ϊʱȷʵ벻˵ظղЦ⣬, Ҳ֪ɹʧܡ
ϣһ, ˮҪһ̶ϽԷĿ־塣һֱܹ¶, , ůǹԳɹ
ҾµʧըƬʸʾҪҰȫУҸе֡ôʲôҸеаȫкͿأȻ޶ëÿ޶ë, ҾͻеԵĿ֡
, ҿ˹Աеܸ, ޶ëķ, Լжûʧܡ
, , Ҿ˵ĶԡСsrվӡ38/16
ףжˣСsr˵ۣӮˡԷʧܣߴȡЩ㡣
ʲô
össrҡ
ôࣿ
ƽһö
̵·֡ϣ˵
һʮĸssrңʮֺøֵСsr˷ܵתȦȦˡ
ˮֻǵߣȻô𣿿״ȡϣ˹ͻȻ
ˮȻǵߣȴԼߡСr˵ڱʱ򣬾͵ǩһԼ
Ҳе̫Ե˵㡣ϣ˵
ԽԽϵͳ͵ߵˡ翴ȥǵܴ硣ǧСһӵжĹʦĳ
ˣǻȥˡСsrʾ

ϣܻۣ׹ȡ֮͵Ȼ⡣
ѾеֵǣȻڴϣϻűԼǵڵ˯ŵġ
ӲŮϾŵԺ䣬ųѡô˭أ
ͻȻࡱһֻƬ۾ӣ˲˯ͷߡ
΢΢ۣԭԼôʱģֻӰʲôʱģ
֣ӵĶƤȺģָкܺð
ˡ
һ£ûѡɴ྾ӵĳ䡣
ÿһֻƤɨһۣצצ˸Ƿż㰡
ʲôʱģϣʡ
ϡӷһǵƬ۾ȻûвıϣһϺɫˮһֱıԵɧ¶
ұϵģϣʡ
ôϲ㰡ӷЦհŵϵģҿûŶҪȥ˹״
ϣûмƽСϸڣȽϹĵˮ֪𣿡
֪ӻλγ䣬ǧСһ˵Ǹûд񣬵֪Ҫôȥ𣿡
棬ϣõҪĴ𰸣Ѹһξʲô𣿡
ˣһǧС磬һҹϽĿռ䡣ҿԿΡôˣȥ˭Σ˵һ䣬ǵΣҿɲȥȥԺ֣³ܲҡ
ξȹʮ𣿡ϣʡ
аԲѵ¡
ǣ˵ȥһ˵ξǸξǳʵһ;һΣ˯ˣ»صǸξʱѾȥʮꡣ
ȫǾȣ˱˵ξ
ţǼǳѰ𣿡ϣʡ
ѰȫûСȻ˵ξҵĹϽֻɳ롣ǾǧСһҲĪĴȥ
Ҳ˵Ľ˵ξξʵʵֻһܣʱξص
ʲôʱξصϣʡ
򵥵˵ǴԽʱ⣬صȥξķ϶ʱķ϶صһ㲻СĽ뵽棬ͻᷢ˵¡Ȼξһȴʵ
û취ԭΪҴδϡ¡ȻʱͿռ仹ξһµѧʡȻƹҲر˽⡣
һһ⡣ϣ˵
ӵһ㣬žһлָΡ
ɫ˿۵֮⣬ϣϡָһ¿Ĳ輸
һ£ͺͺĲ輸˲ʳѡ嵰㳦̡͹Ƭࡣ
Բװһӣڶˡԣұ߳Ա˵𣿡
Ҳϣ´ҵԼЬϡ
͵΢ɵͶˡ˵ɤһɹǻٴ졣
ϣλȥˡÿһ۾ϵӣϵıʯһɫǾµboy
ЩʳǱ𣿡ϣ£緹ϵǰ
ȻǣǴҳ˳ġ𵶲и嵰ˡϴοԵô㡣
ϣ
ˣ˵㻹ʲô⣿
ˡ
ңü֪ж˰ͰŶӣõһʵĻ𣿡
ǻһֱѧʱ֪ʶҸõ˵ʾҲֻ㣬ϧҲͰˣһá
ϣһ޹˵ˣˡͲֻҵûʱֻֻһܲ
ˣ
ϣʵʵǣ֮ܲܿԼˣںûûǻۣҲûаͲƸλȱͽȴˡ
ʱ˻ȥһʳʷͻᷢı䡣ĶԺӰ죬ѡʡ
˳Եһ嵰ҪȵƬʱͻȻܾ㵵زȥ
ûϣӦ͡žһ±ӡŵƬ۾Īų߷ֻС
СССڴ̨ϣòĲ
ϣһŹֵذѴ򿪣ֻС˽ؾλʹ˺ʹǸˣ塣
ܱǸôû˵꣬ͱʹֱӴϣ֪㻹
òͻǻ˵ҵˣһ¿ϣһΡ
ˣҵҲһΡ
˭أ
Ƴһۣ˵﷢һЩԽ͵£ԵĻһ𣿡
ˣҲ⡣
˭أ
üܵи󵽰ɣղҷɵ졣
Цϴ½
գҲġ
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ϣһ£ssrһõ˹passõ˹ŵһλǱȽõģŵڶλ
׼˵㣬ͼճһҵо갲ߣ֪ģغܶຢͣⱼҡץͲټֽĺˣҡ
һܵõssrңһϣĵ
ãϾȥϣ˵
תһ仰ģˡ
ףĳʲôģˣ
Ц˵ȥ˾֪ˡ
ϣĶǹջ󣬼ֱڸһ˯¡
˹ǱߵssrҾ׻ãеƽбȥ֮ǰȥ˹ˡ
ҵˣ󿨶üһͻ̣ҲǱŵģجΡ
𣿡ϣȵʣ˹С
ˮô䣬źܿͻµº˵
ǰֻز䣬һ麣ˮˣһطСȥҲûðֲҩʦ
һɻ󣬡ڰ͹Ƕ𣿡
պͬʱ΢ЦΪˡ
ϣҼǵӦ˵ÿȥѧ
ԣûϣ˵ðɣһȥ˹ϾԼ÷ڡȥ˹Ϊˡȥأһ챾ϸ˵һµġ
ܸˡһ⡣ֻаﷺ࣬Ӧȥ֮дŵȴôʲô¶ҪȰ
λʹߺϣ챾òȥطԭ
˻ָΣ֧°˼˵ɣǲǰѰȨˣȻôܰŵװף
˵֮񾭳Ů˦ôȨʲôõأϣ챾ˡ
ΪȨܸԼõԵʡְǰʿΪ£˵
һСרŷ䰮֮鷳Ūһѵʿдֽӽȥһץÿץ
ҲΪʲôе˻ԭ򡣱㣬ôģ
ϣһЦʲôû֮Ӧܿÿ˶ʲôɣ
ˣҸǻ۴Ĵһģһ겻ʱˡ
ԭϣˣ˿δ
ͷƳһ챾ûлظټΪյĻ˵ס챾ѵڱд˼䰲Ļ󣬺ϱ
Ҫȥ˹˵ˣһ𣿡ˡ
ҷ𣿡üſȱ˵
Ǻðɡϣ΢΢ף׼תָ
ȵȣ˾㵵ۣǣǹ֮˹ˣ
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ʲôأ˵˵ŻԿף൱ΪԼѡ˰¡û˼˭İŻ򿪰
Ȼ㶼õ֮ˣͰ˵ɡҪ֪Կ׵ϡ֡
Ľָ
΢΢˼룬Ҫң㻹һֻڰ֮䣿
ԡϣ˫ָƣϸ׵ָϣȻöģָֻһŰ׹⣬һźڹ⡣
˾㵵ŻָɫаɣöָɨһۣĳСˣ˹
Ϊ裬һϵΪ档ҲΪƽˡ
氵ʲô
ǳȥ͹սսһս硭ϣŪŪ㶮ɣ
Ҳϣæҡͷlspֱǰյ档޿Сγֱӿ󿨳
Ҫ˹ȥתϵָҫ۵İ׹˻ŵͬʱŷ٣Ц氡ҪˣҾˡ㲻ûӰɣ
׹ɢȥ˵Ҳʧˡϣվ˹Цݿȥ㣬û뵽ԼҪŶӡ
Ҳѡءϣȥ§Ĳ
˹ǳϵ΢΢һס
øֵһ֡
ϣЦݸ˵
㲻ѵûҾ΢Ķһ¡˹º͵˵
ϣ̽ӳߴȥǸƽΣܼװ˺ĵӣɳ
ׯϵΥ͡ˣӵʱɸԺ˹ڶʹ̵
αϵıʯҲȡˣ˹˵ȻλǺӲĵط
ĵطϣʡ
˹˵ҵġϡ
һössrңĵٴͣ뻬Զˡ
ϣ
Ͳössrˣսֱۡ˹§ס֫΢һ룬Ǿϡ
ׯϵУ˹߸ϵ䣬ϣϸϸüë۾ëʹǰ붼û¡
֪Ǹ޷ԼһξͼɲֻҪࡣ
һŮȹҲõ䡣ϣ̧ۿ˹۶ôԣʼǸ嵭ģ
֣һΪʲôûʵϣĴȶˡ
һössrҡ
˹ˣͣһͣϣỽˮǿǺ׾ܰ顣
˹ᴭͣ£°͸ľϣĹ⣬ƽ۵ĵطմ䡣ǰҪ˿ڵģȥٺۣǸЧ
ϣЦһ£Ĳǣֻⷽ淢𣿡
˹ҲЦһǰɣÿ춼㣬룬Ҳ롣ȻңҲ㣬ʲôʱ
ϣ
㣬Ҳ˹˵
ϣ΢΢һװ磿
ţǧСһĸҵļʹһ˽ȥôͬʱ룬ܲȥء
أϣ΢΢еţ𣿡
ţΪ˷ֹٶʲô£û뿪Ǹ䡣ĸ׵ǺܸˣΪӽҡ
ô˵𣿡ϣѽţһƽӣ΢΢ȵۡ
Ӧò˹ƽ˵ѯˣ˵Ȼܺûз
ϣ̧ۿʲôʱѯʵˣ
֮ǰ˹˵
˵ѣһֱһ
˹˵ԣҶˣѾ˻ظĴ𰸷λ
ᴹֽۣЩԺؽһֱûа
һössrңСsrŹֵ˵
ϣ̧ۣͫӳssrһõɣΪ˻ѣٻ£͵ȥˡ
ϣ


89 
Ϊ˻, 仰͸©˼
֪ܡ
Ϊڸܡ
ϣᴹŽëػ͸©˵Ϣ˹Ϊزұ¶񡣳Ϊʷˡ
ô˹˵˶أ
ô죿Сsrŵʡ
˹˿ȥΪҡͲٽ˵ҽˡ
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ǸͦŹֵ, Һص˹ȥԼ֪ϣЦŶ˹˵, ûֵأ
û, ľٶǰࡣ˹Ц˵ǺͦŹֵ, ҵһηͬİá
Ŷ, ʲôأ
ǽʧȥ㡣ұٶûšҾֵʱմһ, Ѱɣһش, ˵öԡͺ
ף𣿡ϣһȵ˵ȫûӡ뿪ʣΪˡ۷ˡ
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ô˹ʲô£֮ͬİأ
˹ԥһ£ҲûʲôžǹŪ, е񡣡۾Ļ˻ȥ
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Ҳ˹˵ʱ, ˲Ǻû㱼ĸϾǳ궼㱼
Ǹ㱼ˡ

ϣ˹뿪Ȼؼһ˼ȹӣȻȥ򲮾˱ϻЩ
ŶûйϵҲĺΪԼ硣ŵ˵죬ÿڼš
Ϊʲôϣе㾪ȡ
ΪĸĸҪˡ
ҵġĸףϣ΢΢ЩȡϵͳΪŵġ˸ĸһֱס£Ϊ֮ǰǼ档
ʲô
ŶӦ֪ɣ㸸ڲӣһȻֻǽڣǶ֪ġ˵
ÿԷ޴ŬðȻƵˣǿķϣǺܻӭġ
ϣõЦݣ̫ˣĶȥ
»ص䣬ѺĴóйҵļɣ
УֲȥˣСsr˵Щ䶼ɵġһҳһļ˽һ¾УΪǡ
ǰҲôΪˣҲ̫ʱ䣬ݵˡϣ󼤻̤С
âδϨ˺˵
趨뺣߱Զĵط֮ǰԸһ޷ⶼ˴̣ףġ
ܲܿȥ㣬Ϊû¡ϣһ߳ȥһ߶Сsr˵
ΪʲôΪСsrʡ
Ҿ㹻˽˹ϣ˵ǲһϮǡΣ˹ںףܲ㱼һξðɣ
ڰ͹ΧۣǸܣˡô߳ܵƱҿͦԾġ
˹šѡϣƿɫդţʯ·߽ȥ
ӿĴ̴ӭ˹ȥڶ¥ң̵úܣҲ֪ô
ˮͺѽϣ˵

ܴм߸һ¥ݣֱŶ¥ȡⶰصŮƷǳ࣬װҲ򻨻ݲݿ
ó˹ǳסҾ߰趼Ϊǵġһϴҵϴ̨ϣҵ֬кСױͷ
¥˶¥Ҿֵĵһ䡣Ǹ׼䣬Сϴңҡ
װ޵ӣƿ˽ȥСûˣš
׼ȥҵţϴﴫˮʱһ԰˹ô˯Ĵأ˵벻ˮ
ӷڲ輸ϣƿϴҵšδ̤룬;ȵۡ
ϴңǸʮ׿γǶм䣬ˮȥһסӦģӱĵطҵĿռ䡣
˹ϸϸССܱյϴﴫĵĻ
ԡˮɫԽ¿ԽжϣԺӿֲֿĻ棬ţȥ
ͻȻױһֻץסһûվȣֱֱˮȥϾҪžȥʱһ˹ˮһˮЦ⣬ȵؽס
˹ϣһ£ƮƮ˹ԾǴΡ
ˣҾ붺㡣˹Ц˵Ҹղˮ׿죬Ҳֻˡ
ϣһˮУֱֻܽ§Ĳӣ֪֪ˣˣˮ׺ڶģǱŹ
йҵˮ˭˺㣬һƤĵر֤
ҾǺˮϣ΢΢üˣôôĳӣ
ˮŴ󺣣ġȻΪһ˯ԡװΪ˸һôίԼ˯һ
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ûƭңⲻĻ󣿡е㲻š
˹Ϊ¶ߣЩꡣѹܾĴûУϣҴûƭ㡣
ǡôأ
ҵʸ粻ⱻų⡣ԺҾ͸оˡ
Ϊʲô˹ûأϣʡ
룬ΪǸӰйأ籾ǹӰɵġ˹˵
Ϊʲôûأ
Ϊ̫СˣСԡֻųģġ
ԭϣĶͷ֣һΪ㱼ˣ߷
ôܣ˹ͣڰ͹վǰҲ衣ˣʲôòҴţеǶУûҵĺá
ϣ
˹ƵϡֳųرߣһţԼҲŪȥˮ̫ˣһֱŲУǻطȥô˵ţβûȡ
ϣæһȥߴ˹ĻЦղ˵ҵıǺãһŵӡ㿴ֲ
ϡֲûСsrϣ롣
ˣҴ·ˡ
ϣͷ˹ſɵɫɫ㣬Žšͷµˮ͸عϣԳ˱ֽʵ塣
ĿϣϣֱۻԼɫĳȹڲסʲô͸ļƤ͸
˹˲ͣæ¹ԡůĹ˲ϵˮ·±øɡ
˹´ۣûʪĵطŷĵǣ֣߳ϴҡ
Ĳܺ𣿡ϣĵʡ
õģһ㱾壬ϢͻָˡȻ˹ЦиŮһֱңһõø졣˵һͺˡ
ϣ΢ǣ㻹ɡһߡ
˹߽ҡҾߺܼ򵥣ֻһŴľһͷһ
һ£ȥϣ˵
˹΢΢ȡ
ţóķϣ뿪ңȥӣǷûдʢӡֻ¥ȥҡ
ҵ̣ŻƿǽСʱﴫ˵
㻹û㶨Ҳ̫ѷˡ
ô֪û㶨
ҵȨҿǰ֮ܿ㰮Ľȡ
Ŷô˵˵ĪڵĽȵˣ
֮ɣоͲһȱơɣιңָ㲻
ںѾˡ
֪֪ڰ͹ʵʵ˵˹վѵĽǶҪȰ㡣ճոȡŮȻϲԷ飬ҪɡϲСأ
ϲߣֻҪ뿪ҵҾͻţȥˡ
⣬Ҳйʱ̡ҪӴӴŮӣҲͲôʹˡķֳɼٿ飬ܵֲᱻ
²УĲѾȥˡ˹ɤЦ⡣
ssrҼһרһһġ
аɣﴫļҪˣصһԼᡣôܵרһ룬ӦĶԷʱ򡣡
Ķ
ţú˹ˣûҾͷˣˡ
ɡ
ϡ
Ī˵仰һӰϣһ˹ڻŶų˺߽ȥ˹ڴϡ
Īңģ֮񡣡
ţ˵ûϣ̷ڴͷϣӵݸ
һ²˴˹Ц˵֣̳ߵС輸ȥ£һζû㲻һȣ
רŸġ
˹˴ĽźݣŽ׵ĲӵϸΪˮʮֽʵǴ塣
ǿΪķâȥЩ״̬һ˿ķ顣˺Ƶ
ϣĶͷƺȸղŸˣӦûغȥ
һȥͲ֪ʲôʱܼˡ˹ͷëЩشţΪҲ
֮ǰҸûΪϣ£һˡ״̬ã½ضû
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𣿡ϣӺһڣ̰
֪˹Ц˵ҾһڣҾúܺúȣ㡣
ϣ΢΢һ˹һˣϲĶϲһ
ϣ˹˼ؿ㲻ңǲΪ㣿
Ϊʲôô룿ϣе㾪ȡ
㣬˹ͷⱻյе㲻̫Ҳ㣬ԣ㲻ҪΪϲңҵıʵǺ׵ľߡ
ϣ
ô˹ʡ
ء
Ҿúܿᡣϣ˵ΥĵĻ
ڱ㿴˹̽ʡ
ϣȻպͿˡ˹ߣսֻҲ޷ֱˡ
ΪӦúúϢ
ȥ˯Ա𣿡˹ʡ
ԡϣͷ
˹ӿЦݣϡ
ϣ˹ƺƣ룬һֱ۾ûһʧȥϣղڳˮȣڵ˹״̬ر𲻺á
ָֻűıϣ˯ţúʹ˹ȥ
ϣۣë˯ˣͿ͵͵뿪ҡ
غȥ
Ҳȥ˹˵֪Ϊʲôܸо뿪ҡһһΣҴڴСôܣ޷ŵζʧһ
ֻһζѣȥĶأϣʡ
ҲǣȥĶҶҵ㡣Ǳءϴ½˹ɤʧૼ䣬̵ϣҿ
С㡭𿨶
ϣܰغ𣿡
Ȼ
᲻ˮͻȻѹأ
Ӧòᣬ˵˶ˣһʱѲ
šϣСĵذָ˹
˺˺һ̸˵˹뿪
ŰΧǵĹâʧϣᴭ˿ǻ֣
һʮ˸ssrңʮֺøֵͲˣǧҪӺøֵҺͻȻssrһҪʮǾͲˡСsrһĵ˵
ᣬضúúõءϣߵǰԼͰɣȻزٻװȥء
ҿֻСsr͹ܡ

ϣֱúڰ֮䴫͵ڤصĹ⡣
Ҿ˵öԣ˵ʲôҶöԡعһֱʹۣԼĽż⡣ֱ񣬲̧ͷ
ȻֱҲ̧ͷ֪ôˣλĮ˱ؼǧߴڣͻȻͽ
Ȼˮ塣ѡƹĴͲԴɶԷκξߣֻϣkþ
ڤ˼СʱѾ岻ˣʵڲʺϻ˾ô
аɣ˵ǾôɡҪǮĹ˵һʿһðոȥһЩӡ谭ûˡȥͰ䲼Ҫ죬Ҳϣ̫á
ţعΪԼˣһ飬ͷ˽ӣٴҲ⣬ھͻȥ
һûеŻظʶ̧ۣûˡڰԶĵط𣬡ΪȥԢ
ֱ㡣Ϊҽ糿ĻûлظҾӦˡŮ
϶ûٿǸڰЦ˵дһѡ
ڰЦˣعһϡ档һκڰЦ游ռ￴ġڰ͹һս󣬹Ⱥڰһ죬ڰЦˡ
ðɣˡǸŮģġ
ղûǸߣڰױ
عıˣ˭λߴ˱΢
ˡŮ˵
㿪𣿡ڰʡ
ġ
عҲ಻סģתԴһλŮͶĿʱҲСĿ˺ڰ
Ŷˣһ£εڵأڴԱ֮ʣհס塣
˭ϣȵʡ
ߵǰѱعҪʧд˱飬һΪĹ
ʵҲûϵˣЦ˵Ҳǵһλ游ΪĲըһΪʲôŶˣЦ̧ۡ


90 
ϣؿӡ
ǰԵľӡԲ, а˸ߣһӢߵĵطʱϸֳһڵģ֣ڲͣʺѪҺ
ϸϸдһ, ѪҺ˲, Ҳ
, Ц˵ôһ, ʮꡣǲǹİ
ʲôϣʡ
ڤ֮, ˵, Կн֮˵֡һд֣ǾָܻҲʾ֮˵, ֻҪҽĨȥ, Ǹ˾ͻڤ
ǽڤʱ, ҸЭ飬Ե޹ȡȻ, Լ顣
ֲ, ͬʱʾصĸ䡣ƽҾǴ۲ͽǵ
ԭˡϣͷֲôҶȨǲ۲۵սᡣ
ͻȥɡ԰˵
յͷ𱱵عʧС
ܿ𣿡ϣָָӡ
Ȼ΢΢, ̧ھдϣ.ַ
΢΢һΣֳһ۾Ů, һרעעʲôȥϣڵı顣
ϣһ, ܿ
תͷ˵Ƥ, ȴɫɷ, ۾תһĨš⸱Ūˡ
ô, 㿴ʲôˣæʡ
ȷ˼ۣŤͷϣûв
ϣ΢һ£ͦõİ
Ťͷһ۾ӣһԻ󲻽⣬ҿߺ̣ܶ졣
ϣɿԭûëʣʮֺøֵˣһ֣ɲֻܻô׼
ģҸ߻ɤ͸ңҿ쿴һۡ
Ի𣿡ϣۣҪǿԻǰǶæʲôֻһ˾ˡûã׬ָϵͳ
ָ۳΢⣬ھϻһ¡ǾӺ޷Ӧˮһ΢΢üֻ˼£һ㷴ӦûС
ϣûкʧ֤СsrûƭȷʵҪúøֵά
ףΪһδεʧܣúѪɫ
һʱҲ֪ôͣġ
ѡͽৡһʣԷ߼ӳˡৡһʣԷָֻ˻ȥ
ûȴˡ
óϣֵ֣ǣǰúõģһϣӾͺ޷Ӧͽ
ˣϣס֣ˡӦbugĴڣҲûá
ָëѻƣشţᵽ
ʵûϵϣο޶ë¡ðʱͦģǰʣСʱ
ôûϵ
̶ֻһ۵׾ͲѪ˿
һƻźܶҪһ¡ΪڤڿάɿΪ㽨һǱ
ѧˡ˵಻ܳһȣҴѧܶʽЩҶûüȫ꣬Ҫڤˡ
ϣһ仰ЦˣҾҵû⡣룬ǲɵЧ
ΪԼĶ˸ԭ
ȥ˹ˣ̡ңΪԸų⡣ҾҿҲ
ųˣҿ϶Ҳܲǲ֪ʲôԭҾäĿţҲ¡
㵱Ȼ£ܼᶨ˵Ҷֹսᣬ̫Цһˡ
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΢΢һЦ⣬սᣬҲǸҲ֪᲻ȢӣǺڰһᡣ
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һ£ҵ壬һ˶ɡ
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ܶĵزˣף޸Ϳֱʧˡ
ôˣеز
̫ͻȻˣϣ˵һû׼áſ֮ǰԣʹҾʣҲû׼áϾһӵ¡
΢ǲǲ޸ңñ
ףǿ𣿡ΪǺڰƹ
ǿԣЦһΪǲҡ
Ϊʲô
ԸǩԼΪʧܴ󡣡
Ҳͬûн飬Ҳǳ¡ҶԣһֱǺڳĹأ֪ʱ١
һҲʱгж̡һʱʱɿ졣ʱʱţһ
ͷܽͳϣֻһ𡣡

ĻԼʲô˼
ϣڷĵ̺ϣͷһƷȵ֮
ǽ˼üڲҪԼʣۡ
ϣ˸ǩԼʱذ׸צצͱһ
ЦͣʣĻḶʲôأ
ô̧ۿ˹ˣ
ǣҾʡ
Ŷ˵ôˣһ۾ġ
һöƬҲ𺳰ɣϣе
˰ѿȱϣ֧°ͿġֻҪǩԼͻһ빲仰ʲô˼أǩԼڷ
ϣԾۡ
ǰӣˮĵƬ۾Ūɵġ
ժ۾һ߲һ˵ǰܶʱ򣬾вΪԭ䡣ͽû٣˷һ롭
ȻѡҪԼİ¡Ҳܰ´ҸȴаµΡ
Ҳ𣿡ϣʡ
һ£ҲǣҸ˹һԸ鲻ȤΪ鵢ⷢȡΪû˭ҵ
ϣʻͦ
ִУֻаͲƸһֱôȻⲻ֣ԣȫµŮˣ֣ɴͲ֡
Ƹǿٵúܣ¸¹Ǯ˵ҸǩԼ񣬾ͼ˰ɡ
˲۾ϣ˹Ŀӣ̶һݰʣȻǩݡΪһ飬͸һһ
ƣڰ͹ܴܣǩǵ˭ˣӰ첻㡣
ϣ
ˣҵˡշݵӣȽˡ˵ۣվ
ҲûӰϣ˵
뿪ˡ糿ۣڴǰȿȡ
˹žһһֻӣǡžһָˣˡ
ˣƿ׼뿪ʱ˵Ȼ̣ܿҿʱоϵ˶ĺע㣬пܻᷢ¡
ʲôأϣһԻصԭʱգûȥԱˣ
ʧ󣬷űŮ죬ĸĸѾ˻𳵣ٹһܵ
ϣžգš
¥ݣȥһҶܲ˿ڰ˿ʯˣҺƽصͷͨ
ϸ룬һҳЩԽ⣬ǲġͨмԪʱڣ˶ݵ̬ȡϸ룬һӣҲǲܡ
˽ŲϣϹ˼ϲЦݣŤͷȥһԷ߽һ˲䣬۾ĸ
СsrôҰ󶨵ļͥ
Сsrһ£ϵͳƥʺģΪǸʱҵ̫ܵͣܶı仯ֻǿԣȻҸòƣҪһλļͥˡ
ԭϣ˵ʮ͡һʱգĸСʱ͹ˣǼңס£Ǹס³ġ
û뵽ʱܼĸˣͻȻãҲ
Сsrѷϣĸĸ߹ˣûӦ
ϣƽ飬չ¶Цӭȥ֮ǰļЦȣЦֿ࣬¶
򸾸ǵĴɩѹ󣬺˱裬˿СɾҪ뿪
ô죿βȡ
ţ̵¶æˣũҪչˣһСʱĻ𳵣Ҫϻȥ˵
β΢΢üȻе̫ˣǳ˵磬ҶԼ飬⡣ٹһ£ȷս죬һ˻ȥס
ͷ
̸֮ƽͶͨǹͥĽʽ
վ´ñһҽѵʱ򣬵ʾϣȥ
ͥԺرáûз磬ڽĿšߵмȪͣŮһƿ㵹ˮ
˺ذϣ޽Ǳߵ鷢𵽶󣬡͹иɫСƤǸġһǧҹճ
ģǵĶǳ󣬾ٸ߰ǮķϣҲ㲻ġ
ûУǶͦõġԸǳƵϣһӱýͰ
΢ЦŵͷѧʱҲݼסһõСɣԼá
ϸذԼľϣϣӿ˸С
û뵽еβʱ򣬻¡븸ĸƵаʱյˡ
кܺõ׷ңҲòܾ˵ڣô죿ŵ˸ĸ׸̫ǿˣ̲סһֱѹķ³
Ҫ˺˵ദƽ͵ģܰġֿԷĻ䣬Ҳ̫⡣˼ˣҲȫԹ
ˣҪϻˡЦ˵ǳͱһҡ
㣬˰һöСԿ׺һֽݸϣһڹʱڣĸҵһСԢ鷳ƣֲ֪ҪȥĶʱ򣬾Ϳȥ
ϣͷԿףʮָж˵һμҷڽǣܳȥŵĵطûСǡòˡ
һټ𣿡̧ʡ
벻̫õġЦ˵¸㲻ͻμӷսļֻСᣬԸӶ˸ϴ衣
ȥͼˣһֻȾɫᣬͷ϶ˡƢһֻΪ㲻ڣСһֻڵģеԱˣÿǽǴͷſǡ
һֻ׵ģǺ̫ܰˣе㲻ݾͳԣˮͺȣҲҪõģȥ󣬺úñǾͺˡ
ϣ΢΢Щȣһʱ˵ǲԤԡ
ˣ߰ɡӵϣº͵˵¸¼
Ƕԣһͨļ档Žǲ鿴̣ѧСŮһ档ϣȴĸ
ʶˣǸոʶˣ뿪ҶǾ˵ļõġصԭʱգǸûм˵õ

ǽܵssrıңҪ𣿡
Ȼϣվڷ׼תָϵĹ֮䡣
᲻һĺüʮĺøֵǲԱˣСsrһġ
ᡣϣƽ˵תָĽָȥ޶ؼ֮ǰһë
׹ɢվԣڶʫһ˲䣬קһůĻǰ˺صİ
ֻǰʹһĻǲֱ񣬶ǵʹĿ⡣
ʹһĿ⣬ŻԿ׶ȥˣǺܿҪһչ˹ˡ
ѵȰҼ඼b˵
Ҳһʹ˵Ѿˡ
֮ϣ¶ŵ飬˹ǺƽЦ⡣
Ǹ˹ˣӦÿʱ䡣û뵽ڿᡣ
ûϵ˹Ц˵ֻʹˣصġ
ǣĻ᲻Ӱ죿
룬ӰͲˣ˹ǣӰȻϲּġһʹɣͬˡǳˣף걧
ϣ
򴽣ϣ֪ҪһҪʲô𣿡
˹Ů΢֪ȫͽмʹ֪޷ƶϲ֪ɽ
˹˾ҪٴϷŶð
Ҫ𣿡˹ʡ
Ȼϣȵ˵ҷˡ
ôң˹ɤἫˣҷرϲͨѷ¡ڸᣬôˣ
˹Ĵһγϣһˣˡټϰкܶˣĵ̱øС޶ë¡
˺öࡣ
˹Ṵǲǡ̼𣿡
ϣ
ûȫȥء
ϣ濪ʼʫˣǰbġҵˡʱӰһᱻ
Ͳһssrң̫󶯾£ֻҪһһ£ƾ͹ˡ
𣿡˹ʡ
šŮ浾ţ˵
˹ۣؿƬ̣סĺףȥ
Ժϣȹã˹ȴҡᴭӺһСۡ
𣿡˹ʣûۣţ¶Ŀ硢׵ź;ݵ
βź죬·۸Ǻ
ϣգգë⻰Ӧ˵ɣʲôû۶Լ˺ġ
ǰŵʹˡ
ssrҼһϾҪˡ
Сsrܺܶ࣬һssr𣿡
һˣСsr˵ssrټһԱصߣʮµǿѧѧѺڰ͡
ϣ
ܹʮöˣҪ𣿡Сsrʡ
Ҫ


91 
ϣ¿, ˹ԼֱԱߡ
̵ݵͻƵĴӣ͸ҶƬķ϶һ˵ϡ
뿪˹, СsrͿʼʱûĳ, Ҫһ졣ڼ䣬ϵͳʱر, ˢssrңҲˢøֵ
˹, ˹˺ܶ࣬ϲộǱƽ»ҪһЩ
Ȼ˹ϲ⡣
ϲ⣿ϣ΢΢ͷΪ岻Ҫ⡣
ϲ⣬Ƕϲ⡣˹ˮɫ۾ͷҶƽõʱ򣬴һεɹ̫
Ȼ籩ʱĺҲžˣԳžǰСһ˸߹һ, ɽڴûɽ˵, ˾ʵˡ
ϣȻϲףϲ˹顣һֶԣİȤ˹Ȥû¾ͻһЩ
˹, ٽСʱ¡ϣ˵, İʵʱ, ˷, ˹ིһЩ¡
СʱյʱСߣƤϸźɫۼסνѣʱѾˡǴƺ̫Ը棬ҡ
β;ҼӲ˵󣬴ҶҸԶˡǣҾԼ档ÿĴεȥǣǰԼɺϡȻڣ̫įˡ
ַȥ㣬βͰǿϹ棬˰ιȥûʲôá
ʱҲ֪ܽһ⡣һû㱦ںϵǵȺȥ˹
ϣеҳϣֲ˵ֻͳκĹߡ
˹ˮɫ۾ҵıܣǲ˵ġˣԼ֪˵ʲô߰㡣
㲻ң˵ȥ𣿡ϣЦʡ
ȻǣȻ˵ȷʵǺҪܡΪ֪˱壬ȫԱԸҡںĲ㲻ϲߡ
ͦߵġϣϡ
˹е㽩ӲĿҪ
ĻҾͲˡϣѱ紵ҵͷ𵽶ȥС
˹ıʲôģҶẦ£ǴϵǸֲġϲ˹ˡңϸ룬߻ͦġսթԸ񡣡
Һϲ˹壬ϣҲɶȥ֣ȴָѵˡͷȥһöŰ׹Ľָҧҧһ죬Ҫժöָ
ʲôأϣЦʣҪ˹һ𣿡
ȻҵָǵľûˡҪһġ
ʲôأϣ˹Ը²⣬ǲǣһ·ͻԶʧ
˹ЦԭϲܰǲýָҲ԰쵽ֻҪԸ⣬ھѸ㿴
ϣû˵˸ǰƣڵϡ˹״Ҳȥһͷڡ
տձҶָϸСķ϶̱ʯеʯ
ϣݺϵرۡ
˹᲻ñۣԴ뿪٣ĻٵĿòŶӵСʹÿζһֱ¡
ĿתؿŮĽëչɵĵ̲סһЩĽë
˹֡ϣЦ۾ȻšĴСĵʪȸУеҲе̡
ǲֿʼˣ
С˹ۣû취ˣƣȥĴϣճǣˮɫĴȥƻζ
𣿡ɤ͸һɲ
ԺΪʲôôˣϣЦ˵ʱᡣ
ᰡ˹˵Ժÿһĵ£ҾһҪ£ҾһƻÿβһҪر࣬ͱ벹ҡ
ôأϣʡ
ûãʱӦһҪСȻҪҲԾܾҾͼһ
̫˹ϣЦסðɣҴӦ㡣
Ʈһֺøֵڻڿ㲻Ҫʱۡ
˭û취
ϣƳʹվڲƺߣ֪Էߴ˹غˡ˹ûдã̫ʱ½ء
ˣ˹ɣҲҪزˡվ˵
˹̧ͷˣߡ
㲻ȥ˹㣿ϣЦʡ
֪㲻ϲס˹̵˵
ϣһͷɫĶ̷شָ䴩Ǹ꣬ͷһιޱȡ˳ӵķ
˹ˡ˵
˹ᡰšһ̧ۣޱȵسЦݣϣ

ϣصңͰĳԷ챾˵Ȼ˯ͨһ
Сsrû
ڹҽСsrrɡ
ˣƽҪĥСʱѵϣ˲񱻱֭һ£͸ˬ
ˣǡ
ŶҲġϣס䡣
Ϊssrÿĵĺøֵˣֱһ֡ﻹʮ֣ܻ졣
ϣûпԼܻ£ȵǼȻssrôôģ
֪𣿡
㲻Ҫңݹλ
ҲڶһܣԳȡ͵ȼϵͳòĶȡ
ʲô˼ϣʡ
ǵðɣȥĺøֵ֡
ҼǵãϣͷǺøֵssrҲޡ
ЩûõĲ֣ssrȡˡ
˵ϣüҿԵõʮ֣Ϊߵƣֻõ֣ʣµֱصϵͳˣ
ԣ СssrֱҧҾ˵ǽȲǣôܻ÷ˮЩssrҶһĵߣǵİ
ԭϣȻ򣬹ֲصʱ򣬶Էһ˵ֻҪssr֪ˡ
ڻܳȡǵķ𣿡
ˣѾرճȡͨСssr˵̫ɶˣһϵͳԷǼǣˡ
ȫһҲûУϣʡ
ѡﻹֵֵֵ룬ںڰ׬ľֵҲûڰжԣǵǲĵġ󲿷ֻǡ
ϣ򴽣һʱ֪˵ʲô
ߣСssrһģرͨûԴˣԱԱ
Աһҵĵסϣ˵ҲˣΪʲô汳أ룬ò˶ؾͻҪңвҲȵøֵͰе˹
ô죿Сssrżˡ
Ҫ꣬ط֮ǰ뿪
ҿҪ󡭡Ҫ顣
飿ϣ΢΢һ𣿡
ǡ
Ҳ̫ˡˣǲ˻ȥͬǷⱾͺΪ˰ұΪǣ䣬ڰʥ࣬ࡣû뵽һ
Сssr˵ģԴһ֡ڰͽרһǴؾḶ́Ҳǻ÷ֵֶΡжɹ顣
ʾǣһ㱻λѾⲿֻ֣Ҫ㹥Գɹˡ
ǣϣüͷ˵㲻ΪǼֵʼĹҪ󲻷
񣬺ǴλڻһҴصԭ磬ǻƽ͵Ϊһ𣿡
еѣСssr˵ǼȻϵͳһǾܼġֻзӣΪĻ޷صԭ硣
ϣĬһаɣ֪ˡǿӵҪ飬͵ñ֤Ǳ˴˲֪£Ҳ̫ˡһҫأ
һҪȫֵ̱͵ǧҪŪʢʽСssrĵ˵
ڰǿ飬ǲѾˣ
Сssrһۣûдɣ룬㻹ûͬԵʡͬ
ϣ΢ܴӦ״̬ͦá飬ûӦ㴫ȥҲûϵӦðŪ״̬ȻͬʱӦɵ˲䣬ǾͿ뿪
ҿĶǲõϢûʲôùܣһ£
еģеģСssræ˵ҵĴʹˡΣҿıòԱˡ
ร治𣿡
ûˡ
ϣ
аɣʰһ£ȥ˹ˡǿ컬ȥ𣿽ٲһ¡˳㿴ô顣
ϣ´ȥϴϴûʱôȡٿһ¾ӣͻְᷢ컹õģֻܻˡ
ϸϸϴͷһÿķ٣һöʯӡȥһǳɫĳȹɢĻ꣬ϵϸϸ˿
˵ˮתָ뿪˷䡣ʱССڴ档ڿһˣֻеɵۣŸ룬˭ô찡
ϣһˡȥǵϴ˹ָĳߵͷҹվܿһɫСϢĵط
;һֱûʹ̣˳ؾ͵˰ɫС
˹޵ܿɰݶһͣŸƿ̰ɫĴţ̰ɫĵש߽ȥһž޴İɫӳ
Ŵķǳ󣬲˯ʮ˶⡣ϣ߹ȥ˹˯ڴ롣ϰ¶ţӸţֱ۴ڱϡڳ˯ǳһһǳ
ϣѵ߸Ь˴ô氼ȥĶ㹻ˣûܻ˹
еЦϸ׵ָļƶ
˹ֱܺÿɫҲ˹꾢ݵĵ塣
ģⲻ಻٣ȽʵĮϢɫƤԽԵýʮ㡣
˹ԽʲôԽʲô͡ÿοŽë̵ģһĸоԽҪ
ϣֱ۲񫣬ʼûʲôͱһֻסתȷӦʱѾ˹ѹ¡
ʲôʱģ˹ƺе㲻ѣ仰Ͱ°͸ľѣſϡ
̫ϣæоһɽѹסˣҪ顣
˹صЦһס˸ſϡ
ϣ΢΢̧壬һۣϧ˯㡣
մϵģ˹ĮĴ΢Ҫѵ𣿡
Ҫϣֵҡͷ뿴ͱ˼Ժһ֣ǱȽˡ
˹ЦΪϲ
ϲǡǳ֮ͨķ롣
ͳ𣿡˹˵
ԣҪϣ˵
ô
Ҳ֪롣Ц˵
⻹𣿡̲ס˵ŮŮˣȻȢһʢĻ񣬲ܽܽӴ
һеѰɣζŷ
ֲΪȻ˵ңֻܻһ죬ҲҪŮŮʢĻ񡣡
ͼһǲǳɹѸ𣿡
û˰㵱ư͡
ϣ˹Ϲ˹ˣշݵĽѽҲܱ֤컹񡣡
Ϊʲô˹ʶʡ
Ϊе㳬ѽķˡϣЦӯӯ˵
´ϸ߸Ьӯת˸Ȧߡ
һûͣɣȥԱߵС
˹򴽣Ҫ´ͿһԹ֯˳ǰɽַ
飿֪ĸڸ
֯ٴα仯ַ࣬һ仰ԣֻнܽÿĻɫϺ㲻Ķ𣿡
˹΢΢һһЦһĶ

ϣߵ˹ϴδȥСɸɾࡣǸЩͬ輸ٹͺͺģǰǺС
˪ĶǣгƵɫǹɫ̫ǡɫţǡ͵İǡ
˹ǣЩһǸ׼ġ
һɫĶǷŽףȻе̣ƺǺζġ
׼ͣܿͻ͹˹ƿ߽
ɴŰɫۣϱҪ󣬴Ҳ࣬عʡϣһ¹İɫۣǻƲͬ
˹򿪰ĳ룬óһͼֽݸϣ
ʲôϣӹĿȥ
һҳһҳֻģĶӣлɴмҾߡиɫСڼӤӤСӣߡ
Щͼʽչʾÿһҳͼֽ½ǻдʱ䣬ȥһ컭ɵġ
һһʱ򻭵ġóҳ󲿷ֶǻɴʽͻ񵰸״ÿֶһٶ
ǸʱҾԶһ˼˰ɡ˹˵ָʣµͼֽǻ鴲ӤƷЩǻָ϶ģ滹һûɡ㿴ûϲģϲ»
ϣһʱе𾪣Ӧ
˹
Ҹ㿴Щѡ㣬ͷǺͻȻǾ˼ǵġ
ϣĿͼֽƿͶϣڡ𣿡
˹Цһ£û飬֪öԲԣ
ҼǵƺҪͽָҺ͸ˣʹϡ˵Ǹλ࣬˼Ϊˡ
ϣؿ룬ԥʣҽĻûʲôʧ
ʧ˹ظһ㣬ǲҪߣֲ
ϣ򴽣ǣΪʲôҪأֻΪ˽ͨѷ𣿡
˹ӣǳɫͫƽᣬ벻ǡһջңιˮȡһԾ˵ҵĻһ̣Ҿҵˡ


92 
һָ, еͿɫеֻ̿ʻġϣһ֪˫޳ÿ, ͷǿɿڵʳܻôϸͼ
ử˹, ˲䷢Ź⡣ϸ룬ͺʺܴһˬˬ˹, ʺ̿ʶŻܡ
á
ܵøԼҵ˹˵
ϣͼ, ÷ڲ輸, , ҿԹ𣿡
˹ͷ, Ҳ⡣ϾǼܷڵ¡
Ϊʲôܷڣϣʡ
Ϊ˵, ԼֻһΣǩϾͲܷڡԣʱʮءϾǩԺҵӵеһУҪһġ
˹˺óԿ, ҵ, ܸʵ̫١
˹һЦ, ҵֻȴʡȽӺģϣ.
ϣ͵һʲôһæһ߱Թ, ˹ˣ˵ȥҶˡ
Ҳ˵ˣ˹ķ˵ҪĸģеĻҪĸ࿴Ҫʱϡ
ϣ̲סЦҸĸһȲҴ͸㡣Ϊϴ½Ĺ壬ͽ飬ȻΪ˻裬ΪΪֻþ
˹ǰǹҲţΪʦðġ
ȹ̶֤ʵǻֱ˹Ű˹վĵȦ˹ùıӹʣˮŹ
ʱٸǣкڰͺѡŶһɴ
˵ϣԭ֪Ĺɡֻѡ
ϣͶȥĿ⡣˹Ӧ£bС߽ʳڿĲϡ
΢΢ص˵ҪС档
ϣ΢΢Щȣô֪
Ӧò֪˹˵ֻҰйȥ档Ҫȥ𣿡
ϣ΢΢üһΪѵģаɣҲԡ
˹ͷȳԷԹȥ
bûˣų뿪ٴֻʣˡ
ʳܿ콫ӯĲڵм嵰㳦Ѭ㡢ƵĵáƬڱ˾ӹһ衣
еʳﶼֳݣǰ
вϲ㣬ϣòƵһߣȥԼ嵰
С˹ע⣬ϲ㣿
šϣҧż嵰ͷ
˹һâ㶼ûˡ
ҲԣԳѽϣæ˵
Ҳϲ㡣˹Ц˵
ϣѹĨϣֹŲءͷҧһζһֱȥ
˹İ⣬ϸڣϸһ֪͸
ԹŻ԰ĳȣѺصķȥ
С紵ţߴӢţʲô鶼úܡϣ˹е˵Żһߵ˵ط
˹͵ſڣ㡣
ϣͷƿɫľš
һһһ꣬ɫķ˿˼׷ס֣ϣѣңһֶû
ˡ
ϣֳغţǵС㣬㲻Ļ
˵öԣǸˡæѹӹؽ￪ʼΪ˴ʱ䣬˲äСŷϣ޶Ǻܵġ
SsrӸտʼȰȰȰˡҲ뷨Լһʱssrû뵽Ų죬Ҳ޷ˡ
ʣĻܿù⣬ǽҪԱˡµѣһֱھʧ״̬ϣֱ񿴼⡣
ûˣϣǺš
ģС˵ҳäˡû뵽ô졣ýҷ֣֣ʮ֡һܶ࣬ȫ㶨˲ǿͬһʱġ
ֻһ˿뿪𣿡ϣ˵
ؾȵصɴۣƬ֮˵ԣҲи߼ϵͳˣѾ֪ˡ
ǽСssrϢ߳ʹֲдţΪޣֻһϵͳԷԭʱա
һֱɱҵԭ򡣡ϣ˵
ɯؿһҡҡͷҾǴʦƯһһдഺǰ;ûáֻҪܻȥҾӢۣҡ
м¸ˣϣƵشƾʲôΪһĻøأ
شһ£ΪʲôңⱾ͸ҵġ㣬Ҹûоߡ
ֲԸģҲίѽϣ˵ûбǿڻءοôôȷţûңɹԣ
ҿĲݰֱдϣ˹仰׳Ȼϵͳûаֱӱ֤ϵͳѾĬҺľ
Ҫ֣ȥϵͳɣҿɲǷġûңϵͳˡҶѪС͵оѾǴˣ㾹ȻúøֵäУġ䵽زȫܡ
ѪͳäУɫе㲻ȻҲܣ첻ҷ֣ҾͰһи߹񡣡
Ҫȫ𣿡ϣʡ
ҶҪˣܲôࡣ㵽׸֣زƣԭŤ
ѾŵЩʧϣ֪ˡ򴽣˵ҹûðѵҪѪһҺ𣿡
ҵȻᣬˡѷֶңұܻȡĹʵ쿪
ϣֱˣֲɵȻӦӦ㻹ΪʲôҪӦأ
ˣ˵ˡڵssr˵ֻἤŭʵ˵ɣǱˡԣҲ㱻
ṩϵͳһΪssrҲҡһûn죬֪ʲôѡϵͳnϣ
û취ֻʱڶ౸ѡ㣬ΪҲһϣΪҵǻۣ˭ܳɹû뵽˸ݰˣǸΪǵĲݰҵģĻᵽز
΢΢һ±ݣҲţʲôΪϣŰ󡭡
ϣü˵ʲô
Ϊһֱ㱣ղŲСʵ˵˻ҧҧþָһ㡣
ûʲô֮£Щ֪ƭǣǻô죿ңҪˣ˺ͬھ
˵˵һͻȻŻŵͣ۾ô
ģͫ׼Сʲô־ͣûǸ˼
ôˣϣʡ
Ҵˣͣϣ˵һûͷӬƵģʧҿҷƺҸĵط
׼ʱ䡪һ˱һ͸ըѣѪ˲䡣
Ѫϣһ̣Сssr͵⡣Ű屻ɨһĿϣ̲סᷢŶ
˹ŵѪζ̸Ϲһıһʶȥַ̽Ѿը࣬־ȡ
ʲô
ϣҧŴʹԼŴĴԡǵҲŹôͣ
§ס˹ĻСвңҰȥ˵ˡ˵ǰͽǧС磬ڻСͻȻͱըˣҲ֪
治֪вأͻȻԱˡ
˹ĿڵĺϣƺŻˣôͣ
ģⲢʲô¡˹رס뿪
һ룬ϣһΣٴλصСղųͻϣȷԼûʧ䣬Ϊû뿪䡣
˹һ£ûˣɿȻ֪ϣġǸһɼϤİǲϣͷųġ
һΣأһ˵õİϣҲǡ
Ȼ֪ϣʶͲǱŷĹǣôأڵµϣԸõ

һֱԼȱȤԣӦһҪ
õģ°͵ľѣ˵ֻҪǽ飬ʲôˣ޷в㡣
ϣգգۣ˹仰ƺⰡ˹Ĳ࣬Ϊرв¡ͬʱ־£˭޷ٲٿ˹ʱԭ
ɣ
Ҹһķ̫ţˡ
ڲҪʺۣ֪׷ʲô
ΪвҪ˵ܣϵͳжҪѱ䣬Իٹܡ
ϣ΢΢۾һʱ֪˵ʲô
˹һڱ䡣
˹ֿʼضͷһ⣬õģһжˡ
ůĹâһп־ͱ䡣ϣſοƽҲָ˼
صĽ֣ԽᶨҪ뿪ϵͳġ˭Ըһʱըһֱͷأ
̧ͷԭļƻ˹˵Ҫһ
ʲô˹º͵ʡ
һʱ˵ĶղƼˣ˵ʵڻǺܺ¡ҲһֱһûؼȥȻҵõˡûĶأ
챾𣿡˹ЦʣţҪһϰˡ
ʲô
ʱؿ챾ûи˵
ϣؿһİݣһǿůӲܾĿĲСС˵˹ˣǸ
˹Ŀ⣬ͷЦ˵Ǹû壬ʵ
Һõˡ
ϣƵصͷ
һСʱ˹챾صҡ
ѩɫƤһϸϸ·Сssr˵Ƥķһ𡣵ȴչ˹ıͿͬʱظԼˡ
ʱ㲻Сssr˵Ҳص³ˣʵҲǣҲһжȴǵҲԶ١
ϣգգëղ˰ɣΪʲô˵ţΪϣŰʲô˼
Сssrһ£Ҳ֪
ϣע챾һаɣҪȥ˹
ָ㵽һڲ輸ϳԺܲͻȻڡ
ϣ΢΢ۣ֮ʲôʱģ
һˣŻιһܲ
輸ϵʧһߴĴŵƬ۾֣ϣŰܲ
ˣҪ㡣ϣ˵
ʲôŮķ𣿡ЦʣҪҰѰ֮ɣҾöࡣ
ҪʵͿԻش𡣡
аɣʲô
ϣԥһ£ͬʱӦλĻԼֻǿͷӦ᲻ֵǵ
룬ۣ֮ôǲԸġȲ˵ڰͺҺ˽˹
ԸҪôҪɽ㡣㿴ϴ½Ļһһ޾͸ˡͬʱӦλ
˹˻ôϣʡ
벻̫á˵˵λҲǺദİҲ̫ӦпܵİɣϾĻһ򿪷š
Ǻϴ½һİҺڰͷôݵ¶Է
㽨Ҷǩݣ
ҵ˼ǣǩûǩ
ǩǻ𣿡ϣʣϧҲҪ
ǰ˵͵һ䣬أ˺Բ󣬵Լǿĸо
û˵ҪǩԼϣ˵ֻ˵ͷӦô
򴽣ôҪǩԼЧͷֻѣ㣬鲻Ҫ𡣡
ϣõԼҪĴ𰸣һ±ãӿõЦݣԭֻҰûϵ
˱Цݻһ£̫Ȼ򴽡
ϣһ£ҪȥһطҪҪȥȻҪȥ
˵ͷаɡ

ϣվһСľ⣬ǵ򸾵ũ磬ǶڳԷһ˶ûУܰ
˿ľݣɢľͷζ
Ҫ˻ܣʲôζȦ
ϣûлشƿªľţ̫Ĺߣһʱﲻ塣û۾Ӧ㡪һҽУʲô˹
ͷһͷɫСᣬίߵȡƺ˵ô
ͷϸܵľëϣֻСһССǡƺðãһ㣬رɰ
̧ͷ۾ѾӦ˹ߡСĶҽֱŵֻ̧ͷҲнǣСĴһ㡣
ֻ򶼲ŵؿֺС°ͷ£СһߡֻСͣŽ󱧱
Ȥ˵ֻϣȻֱкڰͺһʶ
ʲô˼ϣʡ
ģǵϻֳһʶûһ
ҲģҲġǵİˡ
֪Ͼ£һôõѡ
Ϊʲô֪㲻һֱĸ̥𣿡ϣʡ
ЩһҪ˺𣿡
ǸʡϣЦ˵
ûо飬ǰ֮а˽˵һθģҰġ
һ޵õ廨жİһܡȻһԺ˦ˡû뵽ǣÿһӣһû
֪Ϊʲôô˰ɣҵʶô࣬ľô֣һʶûˣһ㶼֡
ԭϣ롣;õ˵ֻɺϵ֡ûܵıΧ˵˼άΪ
ôֻأʡ
ȥǱѽ°ͣĪ˵Ҿ˵㲻ҪɣƣǶˡ
㡪㡪Сϣòˣͣȡ
Ŷֻ˵


93 
͸ľݵķ϶, ϶ѻĲݸ˱εһƬơ
ϣֱӣͣССֻ̰Բ۾Ҳгһ졣
ͬʱ, ֻСͬʱͶĿ, ɬС̵վաߵһ, ƺʲô, ַȥٴ߹ʱ, ϣ˸ʲô
, һöƳȳȵġ
˶̴ٵЦһ, û뵽˹һ, ᲻óġ
𣿡ϣ΢΢Щȣ̧ȥССѾָ, Ťһߡ
, ҵϤˡ˵ͷ
ֻԤʾҽĸ𣿡ϣʡ
, ˲һɲġʱϸ΢ı仯ҲвͬĽһ֮, ҲãҲǵ
ֻ, һ̬ȡһʲôǱġҲ£ǲͬʱӦ飬ˣ
أϣ˵, ҴӦˡ
ֻ, ˵, Ԥʾδ̬ȡȻ˵ģǱ仯ģҲȫο
ϣСȥСĶ䡣Сз۾ԲԲģȥС򡣵СһȦһСͷɳȥˡ
ɳȥСˣͷһͣҪðǽȥСϣæСС˸գټϿСռλãС
ȤиֳһĨζе뿴ˡ
СĿһУ°ͷԱˡ
ϣС򣬿˻ɰƯС򽥽彩Ӳͷľѣز˲䡣
ܺúЦ˵Ҷ˽⣬ҲĲˣû취ӣ֣ӱˡ
ԭϣ˵ŰſСԼԲֳֵͣСʵ֪ķӦҲûáͻԭʱˣܻˡ
Сڵϣֻһһ̧ͷƺҪʲôȥֻСӿ⣬˫˫
СͷظˡϣԴ˵ǲˣʵľˡܵûаʱԲݺˮƣһͼſˡ
СһֻҪɸ
ϣͳһǣƣֻˡ
ǹζ͸װֽƮС̧һۡϣæֽݵߡ
С򣬺һ£ûеסǹջ󣬵ͷҧס̽־ſһһֻϣϡ
ǴͽϣЦһ£СҪʱǺ׺塣
վŤͷССһӵؿСʮֲơ
鷳أ˵Ǹˡ
ǰϣеһ뿪ôأ
һ˯ŵġ˵ԺǻǴδ£ҪǶ¼ǲŻƽ
һֱ𣿡
ͶԷĸ顣˫ʶûʧһ˵飬ûҲʧҲ˵ֻ˹ͬصİ飬Ż档
ˡϣͷ
ֻСͷת˵룬˯ˡ
ͷų΢ɲɾ޴ƣСļûһǾţͷͷ˯ˡ
˴Цݿ˼С˯룬һȥҪͼ͸˹ϲģԤʾλ˯
ϣ
ҪҴز𣿡̧ͷʡ
Ȼ
ɫСľݱϤҴʱϣ»ص˲١Щǣһʵɳϣƺڵ
ͬʱڷʱ΢΢һ¡
̳ۣϴһɱ⡣
ӦòŪʲôѪȰɣ΢Цʡ
˳Ĭ룬Ťͷϣ˵ˣһڣѹסٰըˡ
ϣû뵽֮Թ޻ôͷ£лˡ
΢һ£˫ЩЦ⣬ҿĶȤ㹻ҳЦ˹һӡ´λƵ飬ңҺ
ϣЦһ£Ųֻˡ
뿪½ĿͶ򡣱һΣƺһ㣬ȻƽͣϴЦ⡣
ҵһû뵽֮ԴϴΰǩԼǴ˺üΡ
𣿡ϣ΢΢Щȡ
ͷȨοǴǩԼڸˣˡ
Ҹ鷳𣿡ϣʡ
鷳º͵˵û㣬˸֮Ҳ
ܴ𣿡ϣе㵣ĵС塣
㿴ĲңЦ˵οҺ˶սޡˣ鲻õﻹ˵ɲ̸˵ġ
ϣﰵȣ¶ãһˬģǺԣˣܶĺ˰
ʲôԵ𣿡
𵰸⣬һӱͣȻʱĻǽ첻Сȥһλѡ
ѣ
ԣҺĳ̶ֳͦġЦ˵
ͦ񣿡ϣ΢΢Щɻ
ţȥ˾֪ˡվ֣Ҫȥ𣿡
Ǵ͵˼
ϣԥһ£ȥģֶеѷǳ档
̫ðɣ
ᣬ˵λʱǳ󣬾˵ҲԸ⡣
ȻǺðɡϣֵݸ
һıһװ˵ϣ̫֡
Ļ䣬ϵĸȹͱǳɫӡִһ㣬ԭϣ߰ͷһͷͷɺܳٱ΢ӢͦЩ
Ȼǵ۾˺òֻ˫۾η
ԭ𣿡ϣʡ
ȻǣЦһ£λʱӡ
ϣֿۣװʱ򣬸е񣬶ķ
룬ǲٵˣȥ˿ͳˡ
˭أϣӺˡ
һâסǣĻش𣬡Ƹ֮񣬴˹ޡ
âʧȹâ۵Ķӳһ޴ĵãŽɫıڻǽ˸ӵôıʯŽǮζĿࡣ
ĽҶѷһ׸ߡԱ߼ӣվһ˷ӣվһڳƽҡ
ϣ»ʱһͷ𣬡׼ʱ
ʶ̧¥Ľվһȹˣû壬һɾʹϮԺСssrιȥˡæסۣͬʱһ˿ϡ
ԺеĴʹϣоͷһϸܵĺǸ㱬ͷıعʱһ¡
ǸǵŮ˵ˣֱ񡣡
õ𣿡ЩżʣͬʱؿƸ֮񣬡ˡ
ǸǸ˹޿첽֪ģǮ£ҸǲסǷһöͭ壬Ҿͼǵÿء
ϣ۵һЦ
˹ɿƣûµġ
ֶ˴˹һۣŻطϣ۾֣˿һֱҳ
ϣ۾»ָ˹ͫӳһλˣŴ˿޳ȹһͷ𷢸߸ĿЦ
ҸĹϵǳãĹϵڰĹϵպϰɡ
Եһֱάֵĺܺáæӹͷ
ȻЩҵĺ飬˭ͽǮȥأҲᡣ˹Ц߹ǵԱߵСȥ
Ҳ̻ͬԻͣϣɳ£һ̾Ͷžĸ߽ÿ̶Ǹߴˣʽвͬ⡢ᡢ˹ġʵ
˹һ裬ӽ˽ʵҰǻ֮ġΪǿԳΪܺõѣΪкŨĽǮζ
Ǯζϣظ
˹޵ͷҪҵжϣʹûУҲеġǸʵʵˣԸΪδ棬ǰЩͶʡ
Ӳ輸һСӣһöңҵ죬ӡһҵĳŵʲôѣңܼ£ԸΪ
ϣ΢΢һȻƸ֮˵£ǰͶˡϧò˶þҪ뿪ˣҸòϡ
ллһúʹõġΪ֪òϣ޸ؽӹ
˹ϵЦݸֿһ㡣
һ̹裬Ƹ˸ۣȻЩС⡣
ϣ˹Ц˵ÿһŬ۲ƸòƸֻҪǮʲôõ
˹Ҳͬ࣬˵óǮҸıˡ
˹޵ͷ֪ʶΪ׬ôʽǮΪʲô֧أȻǸǳ֪ʶˣ֪ͬʶı˵˵
ǻۣ仰˵ܶˣ㵱ȻԾȥıˣҪΪ谭෢չϰ
κĴڱȻԭģǿдֻʵ䷴ҲҲˣӦñǸ
ССضϣ˵ǻĶãеƫ
ⲻƫƽ˵ˣչڰ˺˴һʼͶǲƽ¡
˹ҡͷŪ֮ûʲôҾ˫ͬϵǽ͵Ķ˼䡣
ҴƸĪ飬֮ˣǻۡǹڰͺͬԪӦüǵðɣÿһԪ䣬ͻᷢһδֺ
֮񡢷籩֮ļ֮񡭡ǰ㷢ֺʧҲ޶ȡǵ߶ȷλѾõôȨǵɲ籩ļܱģһҪĸı𣿡
ϣȵŤͷ򣬺һĬ
Ҳҵһƽ⣬κˡ˵
̫ˣ˹Ц˵ʵܼ򵥣ȥ˰ɣᡣ
ˣҲһõȨ˵һǰȨ趨˹һ䣬ĺѽˡ
ŶǾû취ˣ˹˵֮սĿõģڰô꣬ɱԷǾ͸ˡ
ɣٸһʽӣȥѧУøĺѧͺˣ
ˣϣͲһöͭҾúڰ֮ı˽ñصĺӲͷֽôֵý
ǵģοĿ⿴ϣرϲϣԭԼԿˣӡ
ϣ
˴˹ޣվ㻹кܶҪĽӣǾͲˡ
ףҪ𣿡˹ɿÿ˵ʱͷʹѡͰϣһټʱ϶ỻһݡʱף㡣
ϣ΢ָ֪ǻ
˹Ц˵ҿǲƸ֮ûҴ¡

뿪Ƹϣ̽ſ򣬡ɱе
û뷨˵㲻õһ£Ȼǻۣû̳
ϣû̽ǲһϵͳԷû뷨͵ˡ
οһʣǻ֮ˣ˭ϵͳأ᲻ǻõˣ
ˣ룬ҵѣҲẦ㲻ҸģҴز١˵
´Ҿ뿪ˣó
ϣ˼·úһʱˡһֻСվ̨ϣ۰Ͱ͵ؿ߹ȥ򿪴
Сɽϣʹʺãҵ˵кҪҪ£п𣿡
ϣͷȻ˵ҪҵȻҪȥˡ
ѱִϡС˵
ȥ˹𣿡ϣ΢΢һߵױ̨ǰѲƸ֮ĽҷŽ룬óִϣ𣿡
ԡСצצץסϣϵϣ廪תһɫĹ⡣
һ룬ǵصĺˮӿ˹ϣоԼβĿ˳ȥѸٵ³
ִûб仯һ£ûȥ֫ͱһֱ۲סˡৡһ´ӺʵĿ½β
ģִڲ÷Ӧˡһɤ͵۾˹ְŪִ
ɫͷʪſͷɼˡĲֱ۸ϸܵƬɫĴβζţ޵ᴥȡ
˹
˹ᡰšһ̧ۣʢյͺ޾ᡣ
ҽһֻСġΪܾûȥңһؽţһ߰ҵ󱧱
ҵķӦ񰡣˹Ц˵ҵĻҲһһ߰ѹϵġ
ôô
ͦİ˹˵ִֵˡ
Ļ䣬ϣ͸оһʲôͬʱĺˮһ±ů˫Ȳزһ§ס˹֣Ҳ˼ָ׺ϸܵƬ±һֻ㡣
˹ЦſҿҲڣҲµġ
ʲôϣʣ֪Ҳ̫ϲס
֪˹˵һ£ںɡϣ֣뺣ˮУѸȥ
ʲô£ϣŤͷڷһ裬ƺЩȲ
Ҫģ˹˵
ҵרһ



94 
ϣ˹, ߵľһߡʲôҲ壬ֻ˹Ц
еĴ඼ԶԶܿҵλ֮ĵĶǼС, һȺȺƵ׺󣬲һͿԶ޴˹š
ƽʮ֣ĳ㡢СС಻ͣȴյģֻܿˮӿŷɫĲơ
ĽˣſЩɫĲƣǳƯķɫˮĸӳĹ⡣ǧֻˮĸ, ųŰڳһ޴Ρ
ɡ״Ϻ, ɢ͵Ĺ󣬶ʮ׳ĴִƮĲʴ
˹ζٶ, ϣν޴ĳš
˳ǣϣһ, ˵, 㶼ûС˹һճ, ֻˮӿ
˹ϣεøһ, Ц˵㿴, ݶеıʲô֣
ϣȥǷݶƬ, ˹һɫԭǰݶģȴڳһ֡
ϣ, ϣϣϣ
ϵϣ, 㳡ϵϣԺϵϣϵϣ
źˮʣ񻨶һźͺ͡飬ˮɫһһĺɫˮĸȻˮУͻȻŵõ塣
òÿ˹ʡ
ܺÿϣش
˹Ŀһ򱴿ǣҰֿ˹㲻רһأ
ϣ΢΢һԭרһָͷǿɡ
˹Цһֻǿأס֣˲ԭʧһ룬һðˮ档
ϣ΢΢εĺˮУͷ
ǹޱߵĺɫ񷡣
ĺ沢ֻԶͣʮҾ޴Ĵ֧õźһʮͲ׼ҹգ̻Ȼš
ҹĻҡҷȼճѤõĻӳĹԣˮӣ·λð硣
ϣͷɫͫ˲䱻컨ʪķ°ͱ
˹⣬ҾѾרһˣĶģȴ˵Ҫࡣϸ˼һ£ԶںΨнȰĶ
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ξʧǴҲûѽϣЦ˵ˣǲˣҲһͨΰɡ
µͷȥⶰԶҲסϵĳǱͻȻξʱҲӡڵȴʮխСľݲǳߴķӡ
㻹ǵ򽨵Ƕ𣿡
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ǽĿ⿴ͬشϢŮЦһ£ôͣˣΪҽҪˡ
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Ϊ˹˵һңҲҷǳϲĵطϣЦӯӯ˵ʱĻеˣ˹һĻݾ³ïʢ
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Ů֫ϸɫȹҲһʢĻһӯޱȡ
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ϣ΢΢һɽplay˹˾Ȼֵ
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һһԿǺ¡ҶѹסԷôǽϾˡԸѹסңһ㶼ί

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˹ţ֡һоϣƺ黹ǲãתգ쵽ˣʲôҸų԰ɡ
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ϣ˹ƽ͵˵ɱʮĻչȥǿɲУر˽˹Զǵҡ
˹ؿҰм䶼ΣҲû㡣
ϣֱ§ס֣ԱϣҰǣҾϣ˹˼סңΪʲô
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ȥԣ˹Ц˵ҵĴʹΪҳʺϲԼһٸȴӵһʼҲһٸ꣬ͻӦҵˡ

ҹ˾ϣϣëʰдͬ⡣
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뵽ٹСʱϴ½غͺͬʱϢϣе˲Ҫˣ˥˵죬СssrǻؼҰɡ
лҪ˵ϴ½ܱϣ.顷
أɣҲǡ
˭أ


95 
ϣվ·, ŴϢˮĽֵһʱӦ
ǰһվڲٵļУһ½ĺԪʱڡ·ϵ˺ش, ŵȹ, ⣬ͷϱıʯ, Լ㵵顣
, ȴؼҡԺдСssr
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ӭ»صԪһͻȻϣһæͷ
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ɿ
Ѿ, ǳлһ, ˲仯ɤ, ֯˺ܶˣһֱץˣʣµĶڶӡ˵ʵҲ̫Ϊʲô
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ҽſǳһСС䡣ԭľɫľʴѾ̺˴ƷԱиͷ񣬴򿪳뿴һС
ϣѺиǴ򿪣пֽһ͸ֱһָ׸ǴоƬſһŵõֽ
оƬŽֱʾϣţŮʮ꣬ҵˡ΢һ£ԼԭʱյǶʮꡣУǸʲôǺ˰
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䣬͡εΡͬʱӵͣʻ˳ȥ
ժ¿֣óװˮһ߿Ŵľɫһ߳
һСʱͣһ޴ͣɻشÿȥǰۼһˡ
߹ȥûüһͱӿȺڡŤͷֵؿڱˣӿڴһɥڸ˵
ΧĴǺڰxxǱ
˵һſһΣֻͥԺһ¥
ҪץʱˣÿСʱһ˵ʱ䡣ǲץʲô
˰
ˡ
ϣЩԱˣһ꿪һҲˡʲôˣԸûĵþӹۿʢҲϣþӹ۲ͽϰߡ
УðңбΣաҲΣգΪ֪ϵıǽû˹ܲŵζֻȥϴ½ˣǲܻӴҮ
˼ȺߵһŸڡˢǵоƬֱ󣬽һСƬÿ˵ϡ
ϣɫһСƬϢɼָơòߡţȫ¼ڡԱ֤κʩ⵽𻵺󣬿˲ҵס
ôһɼĿ־ûˡҲȥ鿴СƬöа
ͨһ㣬飬»ˣⶰûסȥĳǱ
Ǳ⿪ĳز̫Ϊȫֲ˸ľСƬ˲ɼϢҲһӵΡÿһԶ⣬Ҳֻü
ǱΧֲƻÿĵ¿＾Ϊǧ꣬ÿ䶼ܳ󣬷ǳ׳ۡ
ϣһԶͺͺľÿһöܹϣ֦֦ġΪ̫޴֦ɶšֲԽӵ
Ⱥߣ߽ǱԭʹΪڿţҾΧϣֻܸŹۿ
еļҾ߶ǷɫģǽҲǷɫǳһҺ졢ǳ۽֯һ𣬾һ۵Ĳݮ⡣
ڱǷǳټɫСƬֿʼܣصĽǵһĺڰ׻ɫֻǱǰɫģǷɫġ
ͲòxxˡǶ֪ǱǸλֶ˽ġɼʱڰǷĵģǣ
ϣʲôδʣ̾ġ
㡣һССһϸɱ͵͵ݸСƬ
ĺ˾ȥ˶ƵĶ㿪
ϣͷȥеĿƬһźɫӲʿúɫдţ̻ƭˣڵǧǰͳ˶񡣡
ÿξӵ⣬һοҵط˰ɣ̻˿ɲˡ
ϣл֮󣬰ѿƬ
ǱһܿϡȺӺųȥҰСƬͿСȥͣȡ뿪ˡ
ûע֮ͿƬߵһƻ£ˣȡ뿪·ϾһȻʱ³֮ͶˮУصԢ

Ũҹ٣ҹʮ֣άɿľŹϵĴͳصСеƻңеĵƶţаʴ
ϣ֧°ͣޱע֮ûϿºۼֻǶȥеɡ
Ȼٱڵ۾ȴԴϣϢʧ⳹ȥҲΪ˭
ǧһֱ鿴֮ÿڤſڡֻҪ࣬һҲû
õһϢһǱϴ½غͺ֯ƺµϵͳ
շԸȥʱ򣬾͵õϴ½ͺҲ׷֯ϢǺܿϧӵӡΨһץĻڻǱԵԱһ֪
Ĭһʼ鿴ͽǡǧµϰߡ޳˸ϵǹ뿴һҹ̲סϣĿĵؿѲͽǵ
һ˻ˣ꣬ȥأ
޳׵ָžӣӴĵͼھչ
һ£ͼ˲仯ʾάɿĵͼһٴα仯ʾҹɫаɫĳǱ
ȥ⼸һ˿ڣЦ˿ڡ
ڲԢҲǱûȥ֣ɴյĽ飬ÿ꿪һΪʩ
̧ȥر棬뿴άɿйصһСС
ָٴӣָ㵽һС㡣ǾռĽο͵Ϣ˲侵仯չʾһͥ˯ǰ˵ͼ
ϵĲͷ࣬ٴȥ㾵ӡָ侵˲䣬ٴα仯һİԭľɫҾߵԳ
˯һλŮ΢΢üֱۣƺΪ̨ƵĹâ˯ò
ָӲͣڵžӣȻֻаϳ˭
ϣǧ


96 
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ˣ˵
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ߵƻ, һؽĶġ
Ŀ, Ĭעָ͸ϣĽָڤŵԿסһ, ĳǱԡ
ע˽ָһֽƬ, ͫ΢ȻдźڰǶеңͺԼǸĶһ
ӵָԭ
ںվƬ̣ת˸Ũĺڰ
ֺվһ䱻ɫâ, Ĭע˯ŮѾڵ۾, ɳڵ˯ߡ
ɱһ, ڵУϸͬѼޱһͷڷɢŨ̵ܾĽëڴɰ׵ϣͶ»εӰ
ָоϤİҲôվڲٵע
ʱһΣǧȥˣվͬľעһ˱ӰӣÿסԽ뿴壬Խ޷塣
ĵȴУΪǧСΪĳԭ޷ڤ
˭֪ȻͻȻˡ
ȥ쾿ʲô¡Ϊʲô챾ӦڶʧˣУΪʲôһӦˣ
еʣڴеָȻʧ
ʲôأ
ϣѾҪˡ
ҹɫʱǰߣվڽעŴϵŮУֺޣҲˡڿʱǲذԼճ˵ϡ
߰߰ߴ١
ȣʲô
ֹ˺ܳʱ䣬ϣͻȻ˸ƺҪԤס
ٿһʶˡִټ䣬߷˽Ļƿ
ҵĴ˴ϵŮ۾ôģȾֺ¡
ֺƿӹ´˯ȹȻǳģȹں̣ܶӴȵСȶ¶˳ȣ׵ķ⡣
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Сسղǽڵһ˲䣬޸˻ƿΣǳ
鿴ƿôֻмס
䵽ߵͷ£ٵϵƤ˸ͷ١գŽëţʲôˣΪ¶ؿڡ
ƿĿ⣬΢
ϣһɻȥתһȦΪŹǷɻȥ˯
װɫıӣһιһõļһ
עĬվһҹֱȥ
ϣ˯һþ
ԭջĵһİĵطǺ˯ġǲ֪Ϊʲô;鶫ѺɻرѣȻ˯ô㡣ͻȻһĪİȫУɡ
ϴڲԳһС߲֭һ߳ʳһڵ϶ȥĴ
Լ֣Ϣû֡ͺˣֲǲκʽ¼
ԼԼУо˹ôġԷƺڸһ֪ܶˡ֪Խ֮ǰ˭Ҳ֪û
ϣԽĲȥȷһִαĹǸĹǷã֪ûб¶
ԶĴܿˡȹӣóһ鱱صӷŽڴ׼ɡ
ҪȥĺнꡣˮЧǵζϻǶĻˮܱ֤֡
ȫŪãһīѴ򿪣̤ȥ
ŹâһʧʱһӰ˹ͽ͵ģץһѿա
תһĨţղþӿû΢΢һΣʾӰȴʹô
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Ǻ
ղſɫâﷺɬҪȥ˹ĵһ£˹
оԼٴαöָһضӡϣһ̶ڱأڿάɿ
еã˹ͲǶһģ˭Ҳû˭һ롣ϣǶΪʲô˹أ
Ųĺͷųϸز鿴ټ

ϣɡһС߳
Ǻ׸˹СϤƽĴhouseȥǰйصһ
СꡣǶȥ˵ĺ˵̶ֳȵ꣬ǲŵġ
ԣϣ̨߽Ĺ԰ʱĿ֮СʻСͣߡ
ϣ֮ǰĵӵͼϣ̽Ҫȥķͬʱѿ뿪Сһ顣
һֱŻһ߸̾ţһ̨߳ȥ
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ˮεδɡϣθһɺԶĵطվһӰǵӰǱģҲһۿϳ˹
ûгɡſɵİɫTţп㣬վһĹǰɫͷˮʪƺ⣬еط˭
Χûпһȥ
ϣͻȻоһ󲻶Ծ˹ųڵô·޶õĴ߾
Ժ͵һ⣬˹˵עӣ
غһ˹תض
ָ΢ȥͿڴó󡣵ʲôסһԽԽӲֻ˹Ƶس߹
ͻȻ΢ֻѿ˺һӡһߴӰ˳ϣ΢΢ۣͫӳ
һʱ䣬֪˭ץ߱ȽϺá
˹ɫһ䣬һ˲ƹ
ϣͷƤ˲䷢飬˹ͷԡȽϣŽӲ壬˽Ļʧһ˲䣬Ƴ˹ŭʹۡ
»ص˹ԢеԾǣŵԢ뿪ˡ
Ƚŷɳϣûƽһ۸ղŵ飬ڴ΢ֻˡ
ûžȺ;µĿ⿴
򴽣ú˵ղȥͷټʹͲҵ㡣
֪ڱˣ԰ձҵҡ
֮˹ûеһʱҵΪ̫ˡǧ꣬ϵıǵ࣬޷ôȷλá
Ϣû֪֡Ҳ֪һ
Ĺ԰ѾץסˡΪʲôҪлҲǱץס˰
ᣬ˵Ѿֹ뱱ء
ϣգգë˵Ѿˣ˭ҲҲ㡣
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ջ̲סʣΪʲôҪ뿪أôʱȥΪʲôһֱţ㲻𣿡
ϣЩȵ̧ۿ㲻֪
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Ҳǣţץ֯ԱǱԵʿĲӵӡô˹ô֪ģ
ɶ֪ˡ
Ҳ˵ϣСش𣬡ڲ˵
ѵ˹˵ڱвʲô𣿡
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ڣϴʳ˪չ¶ɹ⻪ϸĹâԨǳ
ʵֻҪһ룬ͻµࡣǸ˿ԱϣӦ뿪ôҲԱϣ¡ӽװϲ
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¶һ˿Ȼ³֡ʵ⻹Ǻܶ࣬ϣ˵ڲǸʱôٵһȰɣôʱ䶼ȹˡ
ķɳȥϣ嵰һҲûǼ嵰ĲϤ
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ҿЩ㷢ͣϳ˴ӦЩ㲻ôٳǣ㻹ǶСԢȻ͸ҡ
»ָòãɤ˵ûк͸㣬ҴûҪ㡣һ˲䣬رˡҾӦòңڽվſһҹ
ڶ컹뿴ǷôΪҪ뿪أŲһ׷ȥġ
㿴һҹϣ΢΢ȣǸƶ㷢ģ
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ڡǸ񡣡
֪ҿƬˡϣԥһ£Ļô
ȾԸƫͻһЩ¡ǲܿƵġæ䡣
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ŶǰҲһֱΪڰаš
΢΢һЦһ£ţҲҵȨһֱΪаĴڡ˿ԻһҪҡ
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Цһ£ʰҲܡ
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ЦһһθܵҵԼûϵһǡʱЩҲóԣúúõġ
𣿡ϣһȵؿ
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˹ؿˮͷŵӰ
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97 
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˲, û׽нթʹ
Цһ, װǵĲϣ, ҪСĵ, ЩǴһ, õˡ
šСĵá
ȥǰҷϳɷָٰǧ²Ǹ, ҿ, ЩҲҪָ
̫ˣЦ˵ҺȲǵĿ࿧ѾܾˡȻٳǶкô, ͽĹңȳҲ
ҴӲµĵط, ܻ˻ˡ˵
Ŷˡ
鲻һֽ, ϣµ챾ͷʱڲ, ˹˹챾龰͡аɣε¶ȥˡ
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ϣûľǧ, Ҳϰñ
ˣյĵʣûΪʲôԽǧ꣬˭ݣ
Ҳˣס׷ӣһв˴Ϊġ˵ʶǮ£ί˸˷ĳ͡
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ﶼҲϣӰһ۽Ǵķ紵˲輸ϵһֽƬ
ʰֽƬϣּȥһ
˿ֽƬСĵãսڴɳϣԹԵصȴ

ϣЬŽɳ̲š糿ϣ¼ֱ˺š뿴ͽֹϣʺǰ˺Ƿڡ
ȵǣ˺ſԵ½ʲôûС鿴ʱ䣬Ȼ졣
ϣȥؿûһͷ׼˳ʱӵһϢ
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˹ķӡ
»һֻ֣֪
ֻ֪˼ǣȥͻԽԽ֪ǧ̵˹׾پסߡ
ܺãǺ̲ϼһӰⲻ֣ˮǺڵ˭أСʱ򣬾֪߿ɲһȤĵط
ߵóһзСʶʱҲ޷ıԼӿ첽
ֻ֪һ˼˹ء
Ǳ΢
ΪʲôҪ˹ǳ㳤ģͷԡˡ
ʽӵļڣ·ʻƵĹӳ׺ҶУгµζ
뺣ԶС
ϣе㲻˼飬ǰﻹǰĹľԣһЩÿգۼͷЩľǳùϴ׳ȥ֪úܡ
˹йȥǧ꣬ļȴͣڲǰ
Сߣͷտգһһ峺ΪҪŽУǸĵط
˲ӣŴ԰ıͳǰӸĶǰɫķɫǽһ¶̨
ĿšǡĪе㲻Ű˸ߵդ԰ȥ
˹վһյϲĽűѾڳһӡϣ̻Ǹ׼ģŵʿˮˡ
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ⲻҪôϣĥĥƿդţ߽ȥ˹岽Զľͣ
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ϵͳ죬ʧˣصмԪʱڡʵⶼ֮Ҳ޷ˡ
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ԣ;λᡣһǻϵͳˡֻҪҰϵͳٵѭͻûдƣ´֮˻ı䣬Ҳʧ
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㱻ͺҰǻ۵ĺĨĺۼȻݹôӰ棬ЩۼôĨĵ
ΪʲôҪĨϣʡ
ĨҪλˡ˹Цô࣬ôժúô
˹ϣ̫ԣæỽ֣㻹ΪԵ𣿡˵ܴ̼Ҳû̼
˹ƺҲ쵽Լԣ۾Ĭһ˵ϣе㲻㱧ҡ
ﲻϣæסע
겻ûиʲôж𣿡
˵ˣǻһЩ£ǲܿƵġ
˵ûǿƺѡ˹˵֮Կ£Ϊ޷ֹͣݡҪһͶǺ
ԽԽ泩෴ͻסһܵҪΪ񣬽µڿһɿ־ͻֹȥȥ͵ס
ôͻȻղŷ𣿡ϣʡ
˹ۣղˣܡ
ϣ΢һ£Ҳǰ𣿡
˹ɤ⣬һ¾ͽҿѾǱصĹˡôôܣϴ½أͲܰһأ
ҲҾİϣһԩҳںϵͳת͵ϴ½ǻۺ˰ųɱع㿴һʹң
˽Ļˡ˹͸⣬ôϲһ̶ȲҵҲҪȥ
ĸİϣ֪˵ʲôˡ˹ΪܵӰĴˡȻҲΪܵ˴̼
˹ҿ˺ܶŰѻĵط
ᰡ˹˵
Ҿܺأϣװܿĵ˵㿴ˡ
ٲҾҪˣ½Ѿˡ˹˵
ҲܾϣΪԼ⣬ʱɵġ
ɣ
ʲô
ϵͳвӡ˹˵ǸҲ֪Ҫúøֵܻȥ֪Ҿ;ˡҲϵͳļ¼ֺܶʱֻһ㵱ʱܺ°ɣ
ϣͻȻӿһ޵ĸо⻹ǵһվĸ˵
ǿѹסЦӯӯ˵ΪвҲŶʱҲ
˹ַ̧ͷ΢΢һ£̫ϰߵͷϣоĶˣ˹ؽֵ֨
㿴ҳӦòȱٽӴҵĻᡣΪʲôоĶôɬأ
ҿûһ㣬˹æ˵Ȼ㣬ĳ˵ֲ㡣һһ㣬ˡ
ֻʱʱȥԺ֪ŶԭҵĹôİǣʮųġҸһǧꡣ
ûк𣿡
Ȼˡ˹˵ҶҪˡʼ֪Ӧ˻ԼķŭʧٵıҲ㳤ĥ߰ɡ
֮ǻ䣬һ˺ܳʱҵµĶ֪ܣȻֹصȴ
ұȽĵطǣǲȫݵġ˹ע۾
ϣʱһ⣬˹Ҫ֪࣬϶ҲΪһжǼٵġ
ȫǣȻһʼǣҲϡΪմĿ꣬ܶ鶼ƵġҪ˵ȫݵģҲǡ
ô㵽ϲ˭أ˹ʡ
ϣذ룬ϲֱֹͷôѡ
ϲ˹ʡ
šϣͰ͵صͷѽձ˹ס۵ۡ
Ǻ𣿡˹˼ʣҵλøɡ
ɲҡϣ̧ҴСںӢ쵼£Ů˶úܡ
˵ˣӺóԣƻóԣҲóԣôΪʲôȫأ㻹˵һһӲֻϲһˣ˵ѡ񣬻ɣȢ⡣
Ѿˣ˹ҧź˵͹ӹ죬Ҳһһˡƶߣôҹÿ֣ɲΪһ֯ñļһ
˭֯ñˣ
˹سۣô˭ʸ˹
ɫʼϣ̺ڣִ̼æȻ㣬ʸˡ
˹⻰ܹ֣˵
ҿšϣԥ˵Ҿ㻹ǹú泩
˹ЦҪڳԴסһ㶼ôˡ
ѺˮȾڣ˵ﶼˡ
Ϊˮ̫ˣˡ˹˵ҴûôͷˮԴӲƸ֮ǻ۰Ȩ飬Ƹ͸˼䡣
ΪǮЩʲôó׵˺ܶ࣬㶼⡣һΣʹ飬ۿһƮҵ⣬طˡ
ǣҰѺˮϲȾڣһʱڣӿܽ⡣һǵ͹˳Ի˵㺣ˮǺڵģҲࡣ
Ҫ֪ǸʱѾкܶˡǣһҵˣҸʱû˲࣬Ϊ³ԵֵĶ
ϣ۵һЦ˹ڿ
˹չЦգ泩࣬ǸȺָƶߵͬʱš
ǽˮںķ̫ټ岻ãһʱû취ѺˮָԣˮǺڵġ
Ϊʲôãϣʡ
˹ԥһ£˵Ϊҷ˽ҩ
ϣʱģ˽ҩĽȣҪΪ˸Ĵǣÿܰǻʹࡣ
ΪʲôҪýҩأϣûб仯Ϊϲ𣿡
Ϊϲ˹ƽ˵˵ƾᣬϲģҵĲòʶˡҶǹǧֻ꣬һ죬Ҿͱģ
ϣˣ˰ס˹ôôɵأʱǻ˵˵ģҵȻϲʱڵ㣬Ҳϲʱڵѽ
ֲûʱģҾøʱиʱڵʱڳ䣬ôļϸխΡȡһ¶ŮΪС
˶٣˹ҪңԶָܻˣ
ţ˹Цһ£˵ǸģԶҲˡ
лҪ˵ʱģ


98 
紩ͥԺ, Ҷû졣
ΧĿԽˡǧŽӲӵʣ˵Ĺ
¥¶̨һʮ׸ߵľ̨סϣ, ĿͶԶĺɫߡ
ȻмԪĺǴƯ, ʵϲĺɫ󺣡֪Ϊʲôɫ󺣻úܰ, ص˼ҡ
Ų, Ťͷ, ˹ƿ߹
, չ, , ϰûãûʲôȵĶ
ϣӹ, ƿðˮ, תתƿӣд֭, Ͽá
˹Ǹޡָһ޷ǡ
ϣ, ཹཡغȣɫĲ, ٵض
ȵĺҲһ
Ȼһ˹ָֻƿڣൽǰݾơ
ΪʲôԺݾƣ
ҳˡ˹Ц˵
ϣ˵㲻Զ𣿵仰ȴں޷ڡĿ⣬Ħƿ, Ĭ
ˣ˹ͷ, һеİ취, ңͳݾƵζ𣿡
˹֪Ǹϵͳİɣ
֪˹һݾƣʲô
ϵͳȥܸܲı䡭
ȥɱ𣿡˹˵ϵͳȥȥֻܻúøֵֻܹĿꡣıǵˣֻܷ񣬵Ա
ǣϣ˵ҵȻҿءҲңԣǸϵͳڡ
봩뿪Ƕʱ䣿ֹҺȽҩֹǳΪ񣿡˹˼ʡ
ϣͷ
Ȱ㻹ģ˹ЦȣǸϵͳֻһζλĹܡʹã޷ȷʱڵ㡣ҲصմԽʱ̣Ҳص뿪ļꡣ
ҪǣǶʱ֪̫٣ҺܵȥٻľͲˡ
˵ģҿ㳤󣬵Ǹ㣬ֻҪҵʱڵ㣬һһ붼С
ϣ̾˻žͺˡ
˹ĿͶԶĺߣõģҩЧûôۣϢڿʡƤ롣
ѵ𣿡
ÿϣҵı嶼ҩĽ֮ԿһΡ԰ѱΪұ仯һеĸ
ƴƴѹ߼ѹȻҾûۡˮһʹˮﲻôۡ
𣿡ϣš
ģ˹Ц˵㲻ŵĻϾͱȥۿһξ֪ˡ˵΢΢ۣôҪŻȥ
ϣ˸ȥšƿǡƿʪšεε˹š
˹֪ñ⣬ȻϹЦƿӴ򿪡
ʵ˹ȫ仯ģҡΪʲôһҪȽҩأ
˹ĵޣӷǡ
Ϊ˵ϲңҾģһ̣ΨһƣҲҸʣϵ½ҩͬʱµϢ¶ȣԶԿҵƤ
ܻᷢһֱԭص㣬ʲôûı䡣زžﲻٱ仯ңƤϵϢҿƭԼʱûȥءϣʱ̫ˣ벻ֹ۵ķʽ
˹ɤзŵİ
ϣֱָϣĬĬؿ
˹쵽Ŀ⣬ת˵ҸĴۣɲ㿴ѹġÿһΣоΣʱ䳤òԸˣҾͰ׺ˡ㲻֪ǸҩͦŪġ
ЦһǲǵãСĹ°Ūϰߺļ꣬˸š
ǰĳϪ񣬽Ȩ󣬾һֱ˹ϰҩҴġ
½ҩһ˲䣬˵ҽÿյʹͲٱ仯ı塣ͻȻ뵽ⲻҵľ籾𣿡
С½ҩֻΪȥİӡòͻ峿ΪϵĭҲ½ҩֻΪ˼㡣ϣ㲻ҳΪĭɣ
˹ԸԶţԶ֡
ţ˹ֽսģ˵ǵÿŬˣһٲѾ˾ʮŲˡ
ϣ˼һ£˹Һú룬ҲŸջ̫࣬˵
аɡ˹˵ѾôˣҲʱ䡣
ƣٵӹաԽԽΧľͣҡš
Ҫˡ˹̧ͷ졣
Ҫ˹
ڣ˹е㾪ȡ
ţϣͷһе㲻ģȥ뾡ܵظıһЩ飬ֻһ㡣ңرǻۼ仰Ҳ˼仰
Ѿˡ
Һܺ˵ȨΪʲôǻҼǵ˵һȨ˹
ŶҲ̫ף˹˵룬ǻ֪ʲôİ취ɣϾǻ֮ô
ȥ˹ˣҾĺѣ˵֪ʲôе㲻ҡ
˹Цǰ׼˵棬Թһ˹
Ϊʲôô˵أΪ񣬴ҶȣʣףǶ𣿡
ҳΪ񣬴ҲȣΪԣѡʲôֻ֡˹ͬĴ䣬෴Ķǲࡣ
Ҳȥˡϣ˵
˹ЦðÿȥϣǿԺòã㿴ϾҪˣǰŴغãڷڵĶ
˵ûˣôʳôܵˣ꿾⣬Ūԡ
ϣ򴽣˹ֱ̫ˣÿ鶼ϡЩĿҲȷ
ʵȥ˹ɣ
˹Цһ£ȥ˹ܽôûźˡңڣҲ躦¡ٻԿ⡣
ϣ˼һ£Ҳаɡ

֮վ˹Сǰǽ׵Χæµ̡
ϣܣǧʱ䣬û仯һ㳡һСС״ȪͨĻƿ͵Ȫˮɡһɢ
Ҳȫ޸ı䡣ͶϵĿ⣬ǰʮֲơ
˹Ц˵˿̵˹˵ˣǺ̲ס㡣ôʱġ
ȫ𣿡ϣеίֻһˣһѵôȥյˣ
յѾˡ
ôҴһʼԱͺˡһ飬ʲôһ ͿԽˡ
Ҿ˵˵˹Ц˵ұκ˶ԱȻҵģδԽ
ΪҲǳΪ񣬲ֹۡյˣҿõƫһ㣬Ҫ˵ĵطܻȥ
Ǹκˡʹ߹ޱ˵
ƣ˹дЦÿ˵
ϣɫĽΡׯأǰûʲôͬƺһˡ
߰ɣ˹˵Ҳ˹֪˵£ǿұ
ϣͷ
׼˹뿪ʹڱ󺰵ȵȣ˵֪˵¡
֪𣿡ϣ͵ת
ԣǣʹӿŹֵ飬˵κˡ

ϣԻ󲻽գգۣʲô˼粻˵
˹ϸһĨЦЦĨЦܿʧˡøº͵ϣ˵߰ɡ
ϣͷǣס֣һ룬ͱ뿪˰ɫ
˹Ͼؿţ֧°ͣϵƽĮ
Ƭ̣Աߵ񾵡ӳһףֲɫɺ죬ްֹϵ
˹Ŀ⣬ƤѪԼȣı仯Ϊء
ɫŭʵȾѲĴ׹سףͷֺܷڰϢ
ʹοļ޾Ǻڰ΢մҲûϵһȫˣȥڰĻ
ںĲ
˹ͷԼƣİ̺ۡÿ϶һСĴ͸ʳѪ⣬ͷšٵƬ
졣ʶ߱ߣ۲һ˹ͷָŶ
Ŷһţҷ
ҹƬͬ飬ų˵ļ䣬Ϊʲôû£Ƕϵļ䣬ȴôأ
仰ˡ̽ʶǣ仰ʲô˼
һػǰµýģһܳʵظˣ
뿪ʶҲû˵ûþͳ˶
Ҳü𣿡Ŷʡ
ˡ˵
ӡ


99 
ϣ˹Կ, е㵣ȥȻֽǳȥһҲе̫š
ǵҪؼʱ˹̳, ָֻ״̬
ϣ, ҪˣҴŻᷢ衣˵, ˭ûе㣿Ҳǧꡣ
, һ, ϣԥ˵, ȵʱ, ʶҾͿʼȴˡǱػϴ½, ˹ƺҾһֱڵȡ
ÿζûԹ, ĬĬĵ, ʱ˵ȵòáСʱҲܲ, ܵƽĶԴһ뵽ֿʼȣ;Ĳ̡
˭أ˹˵, Ȼסһÿ糿, ҾһڼԹԵ㣬һæ챾дҪǷ
ǰһֱΪʲôôϲ֪ڸϵͳ̷֡ò׵˵, ֿʼҵˡҵʹһԡȥϣ, Ҳ𣿡
岻, ˶һܴ̼װ¡ԸǸԶٿ⡣ȴҪؼңһûڵ㣬㲻׻𣿡
㿴±ˣڵʳҸϵ忪ʼ۵ʱ뵽˿⣬Ͳôʹˡ
ǽݲ԰ִİɫTϣԲε¶ǣθԵ·һ룬ҪΪҩʹ
ˣˣҴӦ㡣ϣмܲˣæЭ
˹ɿһ´ǣס֣ȥ
ûѶߵġϣ˵
Сĵ㣬˹Ц˵ҪӦҵҪ󣬲ȻҾͻٻȥҪ֪ҿǶ񰡡
ϣüëǣҲǶ񰡡
˲ѾƺõĿ⣬ڿϡ
ѾжʱûгԹ½ϵĶˡ˹ЦŰѲͽϡ
Ӳϰ𣿡ϣʡ
ûʱһϰ˹Ц˵ϵڵ㡣
˵ʱյһ𣿡
ô˵ôˣ˹ϣüæʣ㲻ҼʲôûǸе㷽㡣ΪĸҸϣ֣
ѧʼѧУͰ༶ÿһ˶Ǿѡġˣֽ˰гϣ
ô࣬Ϊڲڰ͹ע£޶ȱҪǶˡ
˹벻˵Щ¡ϣ˵
ʲô
˵ҳʼҾͷ벻Сʱ¡ϣüղᵽѧԱʱڣҷ֣Ҳ벻ˡ
Ժֻдµһӡ󣬵ϸڲ֣ǳģ벻ˡ
˹ȼˣһʱ˵
ΪֻҪȥߣͲӰ㡣ϣ㲻ҪңһǲǾҪ˵㲻֪˭
ڣϣҡҡͷҶԲǶξ˵ÿһϸڶǵú
˹üͷϣĻΪްǿҵĵǣĲ֣㴩Խǰļ𣿡
ҲǷǳģϣ˼˵Ҽǵ˭ҵĸĸ˭ҲǵôžѧԱ˽
ϸڲȫˡ˵Щֻһ˽ϣгʲôģȫûӡ󡣡
˹һûڣʧԺڰ˲ֵʱǶͷϣ˺ܶ಻ǵ¡ҷǻµϵͳʱóȻ仯Ѿˡ
ֻܾܣ㳤ϣıҪľû뵽Ӱ쵽㡣ļļ䷢˳ͻŻ顣
ȥ˹˹˵˵ܣ˵ܽ⡣Ҳϣٹ죬Ҳˡ
ٿ⣬˹ԵʮֳĬ
ϣûãȫʧˣʶ
ҹĻ٣ϣҪرʱ˹ذɣҵȲˣھȥ˹
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ͷȡ󣬻ûڵϣͿ˹æʧڿС
ϣôصңĹҡ
ʱѾϾŵ룬ٹСʱҹϣæܿأеķƵسȥ
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Ե˼
һ¡ϣȥʳƷҳ㳦ʳú決ȣӾŪκ߲
ЩʱһֱſԳ˵豸İʹã˲úܸӡ
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ϣƻгɿ飬ŵƵǰ
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ţӦòˡ
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һ㲻˼𣿡
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ðɣϣ뿪ˡ
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㲢ûоԽֹֻǿͷ档˹˵
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Ҳ㡣˹˵
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ϣԥһ£֪˹٣һʱ֪ôش
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뿪ǳҲʧˡ
Ϊʲôô粻ʲôû
ţͫӳȵ飬˵ˣ

ô죿߽ңأ
ˡϣ˵
¶һĨЦ´ֹͣͽ뱱ء
ϣ
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Щɻ󣬲ϣΪʲôȤ˹ȷʵ˵ĺܶԣϣ޷ﵽæ˹һ˵ѡ
˹𣿡
ûСϣЩƣһˡɳϣббſڷϣ˹˵˵
˵ظһ飬΢΢üҪȥץ˵˵¡Ȼǲ̫׵¡ԴΪԺﾹȻ˺ڰԪأԵֿҵһ
㲻ʹ򲻹ˣϣ˵
Цһ˺ڰԪأӦģͷŵҲһЩʵǰࡣ
ϣ˹Ķ壬æʣ˵Ϊ󣬾зݵҪҪƺһѡҲ𣿡
ûУ΢΢֪ϣڵеЦʢΪҵԱǺڰɡ
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ϣǻϵͳĳԸɻˡϵͳλڻǻҪĽ
Ķ䵽׻ô
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ˣҾͲ䵽סͷĶȻҪࡣƺһǧǰϤС
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ϣ̧ۣͫӳ˹ָϣһм׺һ飬
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պðɣٶˡ˹˵
뿪ϣѸҵӽָĺֵ磬λúƫƧûˡ˳ȥʱͻȻ֣Ҫ㣬Ϊ汻úܴʵ
΢գգۣһֱںϢ֪澹ȻԽСĵزڱϣһ߳ţһѰҽָ
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ʹƲƲ죬ղɳأƵȥֻ¶µįıӰ
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ϣ˵۾ĿԽ˹ͷͶǽϹŵһϡһһһֻС򣬲˯һůֻС˯úܰȡ
Ŀ⣬˹ת˳һۣڿģҵġ


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ܺΪʲô𣿡˹˵ʵң˹ҵġ˸, ȡ
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ЩѾõˮһ˹ɺɫˢǳһ, ָָӣɣ֪Ϊʲô
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ʲô֪𣿴ܵĴ̼
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ȥĶ˹˲úһϡ
˹عܡ

ϣվűߣͫӳվڴǰıӰۣͨӡ۶ԣѾ޷Ĵڡ
תڵһƣ̶
ϣû취߽ȥŽëˮۿдת
ôӿǻǻͷʹһɢ᲻ܿƵµ
ԶҲˡ
һ˫ȵĴָȥ۽ǵᣬʲôأ˵
ϣʵˮпֻܸܵɤᡣ
ǰͲµһЩüܽҲȥҿ˵ǰ˵ڲǸҵʱΪ˵һ𣿡
ǣϣҡͷҲ֪ǻۻ±ʯҲ֪͵һ֪͸ˡֻǡֻǲҸ㣬ģҲ
ô𣿡Цʡ
Ҳ˵ˣֻǸ㡣һֱϣ֪ҴˡԲ𣬶ԲԣԸڲԱ
ΪֻҪŬƴͿԻؼңͿһǶξû뵽
Ĭһ£ᡰšһҲ֣ߺǻԽԽƫִͷԣȷ޷ƹһжźˡֻʵӶѡ
еЦû֪ͺڰܡȨȻɢȥͬʱÿһȥˣữΪĳֻء
ڰҵĵȥһɢӴֻʣǻҪƽ𣿡
ϣеɢ˵㣬ͷ
ٿˡëϹŵΣӨʯҲЩȻĿģĺů͡
磬СʱңʱҲҡڿȻΪ񣬵һǺܸм㡣ĺڰУ֧һȥ
ѱŮѣҲܿġ;ȴĴЩ࣬ÿطʱáķܺóԣҲϣԭ㣬ҿ޷ȥˡ
ôֿˣе㷢ͣزǷ·ԶҲɡ
Ϊʲô޷ȥϣ㻹ҵΪƭ㡣
Ҳ˵ϣԶ
ڤҵ֪ڸ޷ڤḯʴ
ҴΪ֪ȥĵطҲҡ˵
ҵˣԸҳȥ𣿡
²УЦ˵Ҹͨ໹ġģǱ壬ࡣʧȥһܿȥ
ϣұɹˣһôһ𣿾Ը⣬ò˶ãҵʶɢҽʶ㣬ṥ㣬㵱ϣңܷߡ
ԣڤò˶ãҾͻԶ˯š㣬Ҳܼסڵӡ㲻ϲҵסǵӡ
ҲҪϣ˵Ҫ㡣
ͻȻӿһѹסľѣˮޣϣ˲òӱʪġ
ſڵĶʹҲ͵͵ᣬҲû뿪ڤʹ˶ǣΨһļҡ
ǰһֱǿ뻤
ϣΪղſ޶ƬˣְСʵˣ뿪ڤұ֤һعλ
΢΢һҪʲôҪɱ˹⵹Ǹ⣬ȻòȨõļȨļ֮Ҳ
ϣʱһЦôģôȥɱֶԷˮ⣬ҲǳǳЦ⣬ԾΪ˶عλ
֮֮ǰһʶ԰ͻĳʱ㡣ֻҪֹǳΪͲ䡣ţͳСʣž顣
һ޴Ĺâ֣ϴΣôְҷųˣ㴩Խʱؾ뿪ף͵ۣ룬ϡû뵽ҾȻпڰһ죬ԭİ
ô£ü㲻𣿡
ԣû˵ͷվǰҵһʶ
ʶˣǶ֪ʶˡǻŻȥˣ
Ȼˣ㲻𣿵Ҹǲͬӵǿʶҵϰߺ֪ʶӦΪһţҲΪˡ
ԭˡͷ
Ծϣ˵ڸ뿪ڤȥסǶԢšұ֤ܿ죬ֻҪһҾܻ
˵һ룬Ƕ೤ʱ䣿ʡ
֪ˡ
ͼʱɣ˵׼֪˵
Σ𣿡ʡ
Ȼ¶Ц͵ʱڵ㡣ŭΪʱ͹ȥͻΣա
㲻Ҫȥˡ˵ܲ˽ңƢá
ϣһж಻أҼŬǸ𣿡
ûã˵ƽͣΪҼŵϣˡ
ǧҵĲƽŭĥˡֻҪܼ㣬ʧȥʲôνǸʱУҵһǵ¡
أϣʡ
ҵʱرû㣬㣬һҪ
һҪʲô
ԥһ£û˵ڣ֮ҸҶʲô߾ˡȻ˵ЩݻԶԭң㲻֮࣬Ҵžһˡ
ң˹Ҳң֪ģҵıߣҵߴĻͶ
ϣ
ҵǱǺúܶ࣬˹˵ҡȻŭúýͣӦȥ
ܰĶȥ𣿡ϣˡ
ԣܶ࣬Ҫʲô
ÿ¼һ˵ԼĻǲǱҵЧҪһЩ
ҿ²У˵أΪǼٵġ
ҲУ˹˵̫ˣǱʶΪˣϷҪǣȴӳȥ
л˹ͬʱ¶ơ
˵Ĳ𣿡˹˵
ȸҿ˹˵һŵġһԼ˵һ㣬ֻ֪ܡ
˿˹ҲԷЧ취
ûܡ
˹Ҳûܡ
ˣû̹
Ǿɣ˹ȥͷųһƬ򣬡Ҫʱˣ˵ࡣȡһˮȥ¼
˿΢΢üſڵİ̱ˣҰ¼һûУ޷ˮ
˹óˮŤͷϣЦŹָ
ôϣ߹ȥ䲻˹һסֻ֫ЦŶˮ˵㿴ǧϣҵģͲöˡ


102 
ǵҵլ, ҲϣҡɫıֽߴĻҶα߶ˣҲԿܾ, ɢʱζ
˹Ŵ, šǰֵڶȥ, ɵͰǾޱֵҲˣٽ, ǾޱС
Ʊ, ƶ̫⣬ԵüΪ谵䡣
ģ˹ġ
˹תӹһɫıӣĵָűƤ, ЩӦͷ˰ɣôڲŸǣ
ͬ˹нӹɫ챾΢΢ü, ɤ˵, ÿ춼֮ûӰӣûҲƵĻ
Ŷˡ˹ɤﺬŷĳ
һѾס, Աߴ˹䵭Ҳ, š, ûҵҵù, ˭ģ
ҵġ˹˦֣˹ӹһСĿ⣬ŵĺ棬۵ӿ𵭵İˡ
ϣÿóԣȻŵһǺ淢˸£һֱûʵ֡ڿǲóԣаС
ôִ飿
Ҳҵġ˹ӹ
ˣˡ˹˵ٵĻǾͿ뿪ˡ
˹ͬʱ챾ֻһ֣ͬ⡣
˹ƳһǵģԼıҲһͬͬ⡣
ͻȻе΢ÿϵ鶼е㲻ȻȻһƹˣǡ
˹һϣǸһǵһܰŪεˡ
ˡ˹ޱغϱӣɣɢ
δ䣬ͻȻŤһɾ޴ͼ˺ѡ
ͬʱŤصĵط˴˵ϴᡢԼȤ顣
λƹԣϮڵġ˳ĸʦϰ˲ƣ˲طˡ
žһһƯŮڷ롣ͷڣڣǳɫĳȹһµӡĳ֣Щ谵ķһ͸Դâ
ϵ龪˹һۿɼͷëը
ǡžһٴδӿʧδֹһ
˹˹

޴ĺɫ˻ĴŽʯϣͷְȹӶʪˡʵֹȹӣĺ󱳶ģͷƤ鵽ڶû֪
ʵǡ̫̼ˡ
ղصʱΪԼϹˣȻôֻܳþأڸʲô¶廳飬ƺڷַ˹˵ģ챾ĳ
ղô£
ǸڴﴫСʵҲܹңʱմԽһߵҸĵص㡣ҵķӦͦҰɹˡ
ʲôأϣԭĴƣǸߵࡣںˣǶ֪ˡ
ô죿뿪㣬ҲΪթʬ
ôأϣ»ˣýֺҲ֪ղûֹΪûӦڷӦˣһص
ҸȫĵطСʽ顣
ȫĵطȥ𣿡
ף߽鲻Ҫء㶮ãҺ˹Ǻøǣʹôãһ㽻ȥ
ͽϣ΢΢ü֪ʲôʱǸղڷַҵŲʱӦûðΪʲôˮǺڵأҼǵ˹ѺˮǺˡ
Ҳ֪С˵ַŲ˽£ô֪ˮڵʱҼǵãʧꡣ
ꡣϣţҾò񡣡
˳Žʯɳ̲ϣˣҸŵĵط
ˣС˵ҵʣĲˣ֮ǰҲٳˣ޷ȥ
һҪע⣬ΪϵʶҲܸ˼档ȻһʧҲʶ㶮ģͬһʱϣͬˣ˴ų⡣
ϣӿһɲᣬȻСֻϵһʶûʲôңǴһʱģĳ̶ֳ˵ͬ顣ͻȻ˵ˣúܹ¶
ã֪ˡ
һСҲû֪Ѿ롰ߡˡ
ɳʯܽƽЬŽʯЬһߣһ߿ŵ⡣
Ϊ˵ܴ̫ණֻ˺ڰ͹֮䡢öָ׸ǴСˮСʣԼƸ֮졣
ǲ֪ʱʲôʧļ£꣬Ǽꣿͬʱ䣬ŭֵҲͬʡ
ϣͳһöŻͼĽңǡķ飬һֻͿŷۺӰĴ۾ڰС
ϣʱɿƸţ֤ǻ۵ϵͳûĻʱ
Ŷҿ˭ԸСӴ۾Ʈ㲻ʧ𣿡
ʧٶˣϣʡ
ȤңϷ¼Ƹ֮˼˵
ҪҰæΪһڰǺ
ҪȥҼǵʱ˵ֻҪΧͻҡ֪仰𣿡
ȻƸգգۣӵõ׬ĽǮһ鷳Ըλ֪ôɡ
һֻͿźɫָ͵֣һץסĸ첲ռ˲Ťɳ̲ʯȫƳС
ʶۣԼվһƯĻ԰Ƹ֮Ѽ£Цؿ
лİϣ֪뿪ˡ
Ǻϴ½ĵط԰סƸָ֮һ·Σ̳嵽ϣߣ֨Ť¡
ϣлƸ֮ڷϣ̰
뿪죬½ضˣ˵һηôܻӭ
ܻ֮ӭҼǵ˵Եɺˡ
ǰԴӴϲڱ˼㱼󡭡
ϣ΢΢üǰúܺЦ뵽һжǻ۵ֱʣЦˡ
ʧˣ
ꡣ
ٶꣿʱ˹ոȡ˶ƣ涨ϲýǣ֣֮ͨ䱣־룻˲øŮͷֻһκ˲˵ˡ
ѾǧСˣʼ޽Ǳϳǰƶߣֹǹ챾ƽ˿άɿĹԢֹСǹְҵֹԼ嵰
˹ں˵һ˺Ů飻ֹ÷ɫɫɫβִͣһһƣֹͬӣֹԡȾɺɫԼˣϺƤ
ŭԹŷܿ
ȥƸ֮ʣȻĻԲ˵
ȥǧԺʱաϣ˵
ʲôƸ֮ΪԼˡ
ϣ򴽣ɴشһαϵͳ󶨣֮ʶصʱڡ
Ƹ֮ãȣٵ𾪣¶˼ɫ˵ұǻɱˣ
ϣͷҲ֪ʱ䣬ֻ֪ʱڡ
Ҳǻһֱ粻ΪڳôɱˡƸпα΢΢̧°ͣżϴѣ˵˵ĹϵԽԽˡҲԽԽƵ
ϵͳ£һֱܴ̫˷ţǼ⡣
һֱͬ࣬ǻһȴò˵ףúܲƽΪֻһˣû뵽𡣡
ңϣȵʡ
Ƹ΢΢һҲ˵оݰ
ΪҸó֤ݡ
ŶֶѽʵûҪ˵Ǽ٣ҶҪʼǻ۱־ˣ޺ǲ֪ôɱҵģ
ǵսʵࡣô˵ϴԣԶȨ
Ƹ֮óСȣŷ硣
ʲôأƸʣֹİɡ˵ʵûҪһ濡ҲأȻ϶ȲλҲһְֿ㲻̫ġ
һģû취˹˱Ҳû취˹Զû취ȥ
ֻҪлᣬһҪŸı䡣ңҲϲɣÿκζһֱŮԣϣܻ
Ƹ΢΢Щݣˣһȥ˵ġ˵㡣ôҪôأȥ˵ĸأ
룬˹˰ɡϣ˵
ⲻ֣ƸͷҵĻҲȥ˹ƽͣҲܿԼ
ǣ룬ϣ΢΢һЦʵȴȥԼĵһ˹
ףΪʲô˹أƸȡ
ˡһ̼ææܹ˹ڹĴš
ƸϿűʯء
̣ѵȵĶԷ
ллдҪˡϣվ˵
ߣƸۣ˹ƢǳĲáҿԴȥ˹ûйϵҰ͹ȥٴ򿪴ҾС
ʵԼȥ˹ˣϣ˵Կס²У˹˱ǣ֪ҹһϼġ
˹Կף˹ˣƸĶͷһһֲǻôôҪĶȥˡ
ðɣȥͷ֡
ϣհִΧľ˲仯̵ʧˣȡ֮᾵ͱڡ
ƸĴžڴ󺣵ͱ֮ϣһȷۺɫŴűʯš
˹ڰУɾˣﵽˮ󣬿ԿѾһˡϣĺ͵һܸղڲѾˣٿš
㣬ƸһѽϣĿڴʲôΣ£ȻҴ򲻹˹ҿԲסΪڳһʱ䡣
˹Цһ׷ˡڵ棬ϣ֣㲻ҹȥק𣿡
ϣ̶̼̾죬ʶ˹ȵ˹˹Լŭ˹
֣˲乿סһϣײĻ
ǵصľ˲Ϊᱻʪ͸û뵽һͱѹůĴϡ
λںߵı͸ԿЩ඼ûУԿó˹ǵʱķҡ
Ϊҳֻþˡ˹䣬ҿʲôֲ˹ԸĶˡ
ʵͻǲǣһֱסһ𡣻ûߣǾ͵͵ˣ¡
˹侲㡣ϣʼԶˣҲŸջ˹˵Ųҵζ𣿡
Ը㰾ζҩˮǰ𣿡˹۽ǶǼȻôôꣿ
˼ʣΪʵĴ󻧣ͿԲķᰡϣε˵
ĸջʵҲ뿪˼죬˵ѾٶꡣӦԽ˼ɣҴԽʱգһӴǧԺ󡣡
ƭ˭أ˹ָץɤðźҶ޷δôȥģ
˵
Ǿͱ˵˹ȫǺ⣬ҲˡϣҴƽʧءôҵģ㺦ҵһ󲡣뿪Ҳûˡ
Ϊ㣬ҶϢû뵽ڶҾͿ˱ˡǽˡĺؿԼ˹ϴ½Ľݽ
Բ˹
Ҳ˹Ĵƣ֪ڲٵʱҾͲǸʱҵõ㣬㱦ˡ
ĺе㷢Ϊʲô뿪Լʲôȥ
ӱסһ;ú˿÷ɡ촽Ҳǣ̵ҪֻаƤܽ¶ȡ
֣˵Ŀ޼ɵضѩ׵ĲǺؿڣԺץסҪô죬Ҫôйŭץסʱȴֻ㡣
˹ߴأ
ʲô˹΢΢һ
֪
֪ҵߴ磿˹Щţ㲻ƻ𣿡
ϣ
򴽣һҺϲң߾Ҫߴ硣
ꣿ˹Цһһ˭أ
رкӣϣ˵ΪҺ½ҩԶʱڣΪΪֻϲģ
ץʧǧңһ䲻ΪʲôʧұǲǺࣿ
Ĺȥʲô£ͣظǸʱ뷨Ȼа񡣵ʵʲôʱңڸᡣ
ô֪ҵõ˽ҩ˹üʡƿҩõֲСʱ׼Ϻȵġ
ҵ˹ơϣѳһֻ֣ӶһСˮעһ˿
â˸ͬʱгһڷӰ


103 
ڷֵһ˲, ϣͻˡ
Ϊ˷ֹôˮڿڴСӡ
ӣ˹˹İڴȥ, ֻߵĸԹſһ, мұѾˡ
ɴͿڴļ϶, һˮ
ӦǱ˹ѹʱˮƶλ, ˹ˮɴ, ˮ˹ĸˡ
𣿡ӰͻȻʡ
˭أ˹ɤ͸һջ
ϣ˵ʰգΪǰհĵ
˵Ŀꣿ˹ǹų
ôˡ
㲻ôˣ̫࣬Ūˡ
Ӱ񣺡ˣҪʼ˵ˡ
ϣһ, æס˹۾
˹Цһ, , ж͹ˡ
ϣ˲䷴ӦطˣȥĶ䡣
˹ֱӰѹشϣֺɵعסֻ󣬰ͷ
е̼˵, ڰڿأȻʲô
ϣ̧, ˹, ôô̬
˹ѹס, ҲΪ㡣
ϣҪ˵˵̱졣
ҿҪˣпܾȵĻпܾȲ˵ԭҲ㣬Ϊʧȥǡ
֮Ҫϣ˵ÿһ仰Ҫ˺Ҫֵ¡ǱҪޣϵɷҪ»ָҲҪ
һֱҶúΪûõͲ찮Ҫץס⣬ȴûҲǱصĹ⡣
ʱɢҿδҲûкҹ̫˿أɾеĶֲ࣬ϴơֹرԹһƬҡ
ƣʵǺҪǵĵǴͺڰϢֻءҹﶼҪϢɽء塣
ϣ˵һԣŰҸͽҲ⡣ҪһЩЩҰʱ׵ġҪߵͷŻһЩ
˵ɣˮҪˡ󣬲ҪΪһеԭڶϣΪȥġҪǻۣҪıʯһ
мµǿԸϣʧֱȥǧԺ󡣶Ҷԣǹǧֻ꣬һ졣ܺڣǸѾˡԭΪⲻܹ
ϣǱˣסڲ١ĵһ죬ָˣһǡƣȴмֵġ
ĻսӰѸɢͬʱˮˡ
һƷϣ²ۡΪС޷̫ණԽԴֻ¼ơ
Ļˮ򲥷һκ󣬾ͻᱨϡװ˷ˮˡ궼ҪˣЧѡ
ɶ
ˣ˹ʡ
ǰΪΪˣŻܵ䡣ΣǧҪ;ϣȰ
ĻҲΪˣ˹Цʡ
ֹΪˣ㻹Ǹ񡣱ӵнʵϸխδȡ
½ҩһӶĸɱġټѺˮ˴󲿷ҩ㣬һ޸֮Ĳӡ
ܺã˹ҧ˵˵ϲ㣬˵ɱҲ㡣ôͲʵ޸֮ˣ
ûУôи֮ϣ˵
ûи˹Цһɿ֣ৡذϵĿӳ¶׻һƬš
˹ŭ˵
ϣһؿ壬һС飬꺣ˮ
βͣҲĴ󣬾͸˵ˡ˰Ҳ̸̸ԡεĽɣΪɬζ
һ˺ߣԼǿ˹Ѳò֪˵ʲô
ϲˣôôƱ䣿ǽҩô죿׻ˣ㲻֪ҷ˶䱦
һϿˣǾղżô죿ϣƿ˹ûʱ֡ôӦܲҵһЩɣ
²ţҵˮҡ˹֡ϣԥһ£̻ĳЦŸò˿ɣ
Ȼǡϣͳ
˹ɵһףˮʱѣðˡ
Ӱ˹§Ӱϣ˵㿴ǧϣҵģͲöˡҲҪȽҩ㶮ģ̫ˣ涼ǡˣһڡ
˹飬ôһ˵С
УҾ㿹ӦͦǿԣҾͰ㽻һ£¡
Ӱ˹ʼϵͳʮԺ󣬻Ӱʧ
ϣ˹࣬ͻȻе㷲
ǧ˹Լϵͳģһһؽӽ࣬Ӧʱĥнˡ˿̵˹еϢһӹҲпܵġ
Աƶһ¡
˹̿ЦЦ˵ԭ㲻ͣҪרһΪ
˹ܱǸϣ̳Ͽҵ˵ĻһҲܵġ
Ҵһ٣˹΢ǣҪȥڤˣҿղס
ô죿
ô죿㵱ȻҪҰǷҵĶ
˹áղˣ˵һʶġ
ô
ʣֻ࣬Ҵ졣֮һǻȥġ
㻹Ҫʧ˹͵۾Щֻʡ
ţǸ˹ϣ˵
˹ŴĿð˵ҵٶֻܼ꣬ôһˣҾҪƾ䣬ٿǧꣿ
Ǹ˹ϣ˵ʵõҡ
ʲô˼˹һĳ嶯
ס°ͣвҺúÿ˵
˵ҲĿǧ̫ˣʷУǹҶĳü
ǺˣСӰ죬ȻŮ½Ƚǿϲ˻㣬һҲûϵ
˲УҲС˹Ц˵ϣֻϲһˣ㣬ٲܶˡҲ֣ʵˡ㲻Ϊҵģǧ꣬һξ͹ȥˡ
ϣĬ룬ô˵˹˵ˣ
˵Խ𣿵Ȼš֮ǰҾ;Щ֡ôһȫ˺š꣬ǻͻȻʼ׷˴Ϊ֮ìܼڿǻҵ߱ķ
ô죿ϣʡ
ô찡˹˵ȻϵͳˡͻҼʧˡֻ˵ˡƸͰ飬ÿ˸һϵͳ
ǻ𣿡ϣʣҪ֪֪δֻҪ㿪˵ĹˡϵͳֻΪ˲ıҵ˹켣ȫûҪΪңʧһ
ǻģ˹ᰲǲǻۻǻ취ǵȨ
⣬شԽʵǾǣǱҲóһǲҾӦĶȥ
˹ڵѾܱ˰ɣϾѾ󺣱ˡ
аɡ˹Ц˵Ҫңзִ硣ֻҪȽҩҲô
ѽҩ˰ɣ
˵ɡ˹ĵ˵
Ϊʲô˵ϣüòỹȰɣ
ҲȽҩʵûʲôô˹ǣܵĶǼһΪʲôҪΪƽµ·أ
ǲǱ˰ǲԼ𣿡
ǿź˹ɨۣˣ
ʲôǲô˹Լᰡ
˹̧ۿһӰʧķ򣬡һ߸ϵӣĿǲǸͺ
ԼԼûʲôİϣе
˹ûᣬԹ˵㣬㣬˭˭
˺ҡ
ҷ𣿻û֮ǰġǼ֮ҵ̾ˡϣҾôú塣ֻҪЦһЦҾͿΪκ¡
ϣ¶Цݣ˹ҶЦˣҪΪŶҪȽҩҲҪΪ񡣡
˹΢΢һԸΪΪԼʲô
ҵԸˣҪƸҪΪʹΪ㶼ʵˡһΣʵһΣܻҲ֣ܿ㹻ˡֻϣܾҵĹʧǼǧҪôҡ
ϵͳʵûôֻ࣬ټҲ֪ǻΪ񣬻Ϊұͬʱһں¡
ԽԽ鲻ʱѾ޷ͣˡǻŭû뵽Ϊ񣬸û뵽ᱻǻһŪɰ䡣
ЩҶ֪Ҿ֮ˡûʲôԸԸǽʱֲ
˹ؿЦһ£аɣˡʲôҴһȥˣ
ȥ˹ˣΪҾʣˮˡ
ҪȥҲ԰˵һ¡
ϣһ£Ȳˣңȥɡ
Ǿȥɣ˹һǱȽϷĵģΪ˻Ǻֱġ
ϣͷվ׼תָϵĹ֮䡣
˹ͻȻŤͷ⿴ȥзǳҪһûкѹѹƣȻǲġ
ϣȲҪĻδ˵꣬ϣͱָɢâˡͬʱͻȻղŵֻһƬþ
˹ۣͷҲʧڿС

ϣʥĹâƳ˹ƽһŽָȥǸ첲ͻȻһɴץסѸʧޱ޼ʵĺڰȡ
žֵ۾ק첲ˣԼ˫Ľĺɫ۾
ϣһֱϲ۾״ǳƯһۡɫĺĤʱ޾ԨʱԨǹ⡣
ڣ˫ۼȲҲǱ޴Ҳ֪һΪûʧǴ˹
ֲ˹һֱǿˣܵҵɣ
ϣ֪ڲǱԵˣΪ㣬һвɿܡ
Ȼǣº͵ذʵҸջ
γꤻѵҪ˵
ջжǳ⡣
ģǺѸ˵ףҪˮھͺˡ
δˮ¼ĻǱôˣ˹ˡ
δң
ԣԼǧԺʧΪҴһԭ硣
Цһϣ㻹ҪƭҶã
ûƭ㣬֮λ㣬δˡԭΪ΢ܵĴͻ䵽ס
Ϊ񣿰䣿΢˫Ưһ۸΢𣬡һģܲҰ
ϣ֪ûţе˹ˮˡ
ûϵеʱɤͳ˵
ҿ²ܾãΪһ飬Ѻ仰˻ȥؿһû쬡
㻹Ҫߣ
ԣ򴽣ͼŽͣҲʱˣûܾáÿһҶҪ޴άҡ
ѽһ˲תһͱѹ˺ɫϡ
ҪףΪҵͿʹҵ׾ٵסĿ٬ɨ£ƺڿǴ֡
ȵȵȵȣϣæ˵㲻ҵʲô𣿱ΪʲôӦλ飿ôҶʲô
ЩżҳʡЦ˵ΪҾͻƮƮЩԹ𣿵иصµꡣȻһû¸ɵ˹š
ɫڰ뵵øϣһֱܺڣʱݵģǲǾ㣿
ָϣڵ˿һ¶ѩ׵ļ򣬡ЩڿάɿӣŬһ㣬ǲͻʹң
ȵȵȣϣ𲱾㿪ȵĴؽֹСǹְҵµˣ
΢һ£Ƶ˵ڻָˡ


104 
˽Լ, һֱҶںԼʱڱأ˵Ͳʧ, ҵִ, 㣬һһʱץס, ˵ķϻȰִ˽ᡣ
ȵĴɨͷɨ۾, β, ·ʱһ£ҧȥ
ϣë΢ʪ˱ţֵĴжʱɢ
ңҪԥ, ֱϽߣȻʹޡһ, ͻˡ
ҧҧ, ΢ȣ׼ݺϥǶȥǶµĵʱһ
ϣ
ѹľУ飬ǵͳĴСް, Ŷ˽
·𿴵ڵҹ, Ŀ⴩ҹ, įشŨصĺС
ϣ
, ꣬ƮƮ߽Ķ䡣Ķʱˣ˺۵ϣٶһʹ
źɫ񷶥˵֮ǰһҰѣʵڲоʹޣͻͣ
ҸղţҲġСʱ򱻶µףССϣۿɼ˵ˡ
΢΢һ٣ͣ
ǸʱҾ밡Ҳ̫ˡôССһֻƵĺ۾˭˭
ǾΪȨͺڰͱôԴǸʱ̬Ϳʼ仯ˡʲô¶ľܾ㣬㲻˾뱧㡣
λУֻ챾ǾͬдȥʱҲ㡣Һܵѹһһȥҡ
Ҫô찡ô롣
Һܴ𣿡ʡ
ţϣͷҾȻܽʵˡԣ˺㡣
ԹԵģҲԭ򰡡ЦһҪҲᷴ𣿡
ҲҲ
΢΢һҵȻҪˡ
ϣһЦھͣѽǲûʼô嶯ˣ
˼һ£ϰ˵Ըղһ˵ʶˡ
Ůƽɤˮذȵ彽ڣȷʵûиղô嶯ˡ
ɿԱߣһ񷶥
㲻Ը⣬ֱϽң
֮ѹ
ϣǲΪҺܴ
㲻ĻΪʲôΪְأϣ
ҳΪ䣿΢΢üϣѾֹһ˵ˡǰΪںߣһ˵ͿʼǴӼǧԺģ
㲻𣿡
㣬Ǿеš
ϣһ£˵Ҿ䣬ҪһΡ˹˺˹֮Ա״̬ãΪ˴ϢʲôҲ֪͵һЩͻըѡ
ʲôҲ˽Ϣʡ
δ¼һˮ潲ľͺܺãǱ˹ˡˮһԵģָܻˡϣüһ̽ʣҪ˹˹һҪͬ⡣
׼˵ùͿͷϷ͵⡣ָһɫıӷɳɵƣѱ򿪡
˹˹ȺıԸӽȥˡ
˹˵ϣϢͻд˹Ҳֻ֤ίίؼӽȥ
Ȼٶ꼸û˵ֻһ˹˾սڿ֡עһ˿ֶԷּһɾζ
ֻ˭Ʒأ
ĿͶϣһʮԾּһ˹ġ
Һ˹ڤ⣬ѽƴ򿪣кҪ¸˵
ӿгһëʣһ
Ҫ¡ϣڻ࣬ضã
ɵĻ֣˹ġ
ع¶ûС
ת˲һ룬ȷʵһֱڤټϣղ˵Ϣж˹
аɣǾͽɡ
հѽֹжվ¾޴Ĺ
ϣ֪ʲôʶø첲סߣסâ
һ룬ͱУ˹󿴣˹ֱۣſؿ
ǳɫӣ̫ˣ˹ҲûΪƺϴһġ
ҿʲô˹ɤðŨŨζڴϣ
ԣǡʲôû˵
ϵƭҰɡ˹˵
ϣƫһղڵ˿鿪ˡȻû¶̫ഺ⣬һ
æ˿һ顣
˵Ҫ£ʡ
˹ûɶϣ˵ҿʹýָʱ򣬴һƬᱻߡܵϴ½ȷһ£Ȼ
˵ϣԼһҴԼŮѻؼңҲҪ𣿡
ллδ򡣡˹䵭˵
Ҫô˵ĻҲǡ
ϣŤ˹վһֻӦʹ
ûĽָ΢΢˹˵
˹̳ۣϣûĽָ
ˣ˷ʱۣϣͳһˮ򣬡˹ˣδ¼Ӱ˵˾ͻ˵Ļ
˹߹һ˲·𿴵վʺŮҲݽ򣬵ʱ۾ֻһ
Ĭؽӹ׼һ硣
˵Ҳ֪Ϣ𣿡˵ҵˮ˹ˣ뿴ġ
˹ԥһ£дìܡͻܸˡˣͲˡֵ˹˵ϣ顣
ԥ˼룬аɡ
˹˵ʲôջû졣ע˹ס
룬ʹӽз˳ݺײڴϡ
ϣһæȥû¡
˹һֻЦ˹Żܲ˸㹲һҡ
ջվƳһ۱ײϵĴϣ״֪ʲô裬Ӱ˹ð˵˸㿴Ͱӳˡ
ϣʱףӰ˹ˣӵܣ֤ݡʱ˹֪Ǽٳֻǵ֪ĵܡ
˹˵˹е˰̣ӽµġӰ˹һ֤ݡ
ҲǸӰ˳ϣҪ䡣ʲôҪ䲻˿òǼҵװɣ
ϣʱһװû˹Ŀ⣬װһµӡ
ҵףϣ
û¡ϣæ֡
ǡ˹ͬʱЦ
ʮԺ󣬽ʧ˹šſü˼ſ
ϣҲ֪δ˹˸˶٣עķӦ
ô˹ЦЦʡ
ʮ˹źܻ˵ͦ𾪵ġϸ룬ǰ¶Եϡ
ϣ˲
˹ĿͶеŵͣһ룬һᱣ˵ģҲչ˺㲻õġ
ڳΪǸ׸ңΪʼҲ㣬˼ߺִཻŵԱŻȥڿ㣬֪δͲᷢˡ
֪˶٣ϣѯϢ
ȫ˹˵
ϣʱδ˹һ־𺳣Ҳ⣬һƽĮ飬͵¡߳ˣȻͻһ
𣿡
Ȼ˹±ŵӣתһЦ⣬һ˵ѾͷˣȻǧˣҾͲٸꡣ
ôͷ΢΢ü
Ǿ͸޹ˡ˹ɤ±õĮ
˺𣿡Ťͷʡ
ȻûУ˹˺ܺáһʼ˵㡣
ڷͷȥˡͲƸ˵óһǻϵͳҪʱ䣬ڻʣ죿˹ʡ
ϣóڴСʣϻʾʣʱ䡣
ʣ졣
ôô㣿ģǳǵԤ㡣
ôʱ𣿡˹˵
˵ɫҲ΢΢ء
ݵĳĬ˹ڣȥˣ˹ȥҰ飬ȥҲƸôϣҪ˭أ
ͬʱϣ
ϣԥһ£˵Ƹ֮Ѿˣߣȥ֮Ϊһкö
˹΢΢һ̱͡վԱߵɫ΢΢ð
øߡ˹Ц˵
Ϊʲôϣʡ
˹˵Ϊ飬˸ֵһ
˲ҪҲʵжϣ˹˵ƸϣѾˣز̫ĶԱԷҲ
ֻа飬Ƕ֪ǼһÿһŮѣʵеزáУԸָĸӣҲָϣȥȽȰֻŮ˵Ļ
˹ԥǵȻ֪˹˵ʵÿΰǣ¶ĶĪӵı飬ֻвƸ
ô׾ٵر˹˹ߣʮֲġ
Ҹȥ顣ϣ
аɡ˹ͷƺҲûʲôѡ
˹
ھ߰ɡ˹˵
ǡü
ôˣϣæʡ
˵Ƕ֪Ҳ֪Ϣʲôʲô֪ҪôƸ˵У˵ϵͳʲôΪʲôҪóǻϵͳ
ϣ֪ӼǧģδΪ䣬ʲô֪
Ƹ֪˹æ˵ȥԺ󣬾͸ͺˣʲôҲ˵
ҲҪʲô£˹䣬㲻Ҫ֪

˹˹ͬʱ²ۣļһ

ϣŷۺɫĹô˵أ׵ĴġꡣӡɳҲ״
޷ɫĵ̺ÿһзŵİƴĹСʹͻС»꣬ﺰţףҸҪŶϵƿԶ໻֡
Ŀ˹¶
ʲô֮Ī˹Ȼ˹۾ȴһֱϣʧһʱˣĸӶɰοϣƯŮӡ
˹龡۵סÿλãðĪ˹ϣøЩ
ϣæĪ˹
Ŷϣ𣿡Ī˹۾һӿȤ
Ȼ˹ͷҲҵæ
֪ͺáĪ˹첽ڵϣɳϡֻСʹ̾װϵıӷɹ
û˹ġ
ҪҰʲôæأĪ˹ǳº͵˵ûϵ˵ؾʵһܺõˣദһʱ֪ˡ
ѽˡʹ̳ꡣ
ˣҪŶ
ûô졣Ī˹΢ЦŰһ֡
˹ϣԵķϣ˵ŵ㰢Ī˹ҪĶģĶ˭
ôûвõˣﶼǵĪ˹ΪȻ˵ĽԼҵļ֤½СҾͲȥ֤ô죿
˹ЦˣԼͿԶˡ
Ī˹
ϣѼϵĻ˷ɤº͵˵Ҫһ
ȻԣҪ٣Ī˹˵
ϣû뵽ôס
Ī˹ǴҪ֮һ˹䡣
ôࣿĪ˹΢΢һԥԭΪʮ֮һ͹ˡ
ģⲿǸңǸǻ֮񡣡ϣ˵
ǻ֮񣿡Ī˹̳ŶǲС
֪ģϣϸϸ˵ҲûǻۡƸ˵ҵ
ҵĪ˹һ⡣
ҵϣЦŵͷ·ϣ˹԰Ī˹ûпá
ԣ㻹һҲҪ˵Ĵϡ
˵ǻҪɱ㣬óܱˡ϶ںһЦץʱ֡Ҫӱĵط
֮˵δǻۻвƸ䡣һϵͳһֿ԰ǻϵͳ
ҶԻôòȤĪ˹޿˵֪ģʧˣÿһ춼
Ӧ룬ϣ˵һ㡣ֻлþãܸܸİζϣʲôȰĽ֯˶أ
˵ҲеĪ˹ɫЩɶţһ
ϣ͵˵Ҵӵһμ;ǸˡҲɢԣϣδÿһ춼ļ֤ܰ顣
Ī˹һ˿ݣŮ˵˵ĻоԼھˡ
һ˲䣬嶯ѹǣÿһͷаɣǾ͸ɣȥΪҵҲΪδÿһ
ü˰Ī˹ע뵽档˹óһεˮ飬ݹȥ
Ī˹΢΢һ˹侲ֻһЩое㲻ԣʱֲˡ
ϣ˫ֺʮͷܿɰЦ㿴Ī˹˵ʲôɫҲһǴɫɴǰɫ𣿡
ŶĪ˹æ˵ʵǷۺɫģҸ㿴עˮ飬һ˲䣬˷ۺɫ
̫Ưˡϣ̾
Ī˹һ΢Цţһע룬ʣҪ֮һ𣿡
ԡϣͷ
ˣ㡣ֳ֮һˮɫˡ
ţ࣬ᱻա˹ӹͬʱʾϣˡ
̫лˡϣվЦ˵
ӦõġĪ˹ŮõЦԻ󣬾Լٹ֮һ
Ŷˣˡʹ»ꡣ
ˣĪ˹ʱܽһټɡ˹ûІ£קϣʧڿС
Ī˹ﲻأ
ϣ˹Щǵʣƭûϵ𣿡
ûϵ˹Ц˵ǼһﱾҲ챻ǻɱˣ̫˷ʱ䣬δ׵ġ
ϣͷ
߽˺˹ѾһˡǰϣȻ飬һǽɫģһǻɫġ
Ȼˣ˭ȥǻ˹ʡ
鷳Ц˵ҵġ
ֳշһɫĹ⣬һ룬һݵӰͳڵſڣϹɱǻ֮
ţ׷ɱһˡƲƲ졣
΢΢°ͣЦŶǻ˵ǱΪռԷˡ


105 
ϣע
ٶǰ, ò˵仯ԻһЩġûдȹӣǳɫۡ
嵭һ˸ߵ, γԱȡľõĻ԰, ͻأһֻȾѪʮּ, ƽдײС
ϣ, ΢΢һ, ϵɱȥ˲١
þáתطľϲ, ת˲ͱϣŴ, ӱɫѡ
Ŀʱϣƿ, ʣ˵ϣһЦ溱, ڰͺΪǱ˴Ѿ͸˶ԷϾǸ¼
ι, ˲ˬش, ôͷվΪʲô©ң
򵭵һ, û˵
˹סЦ, Ϊ, Ѿˡ
˵Ƥ΢΢ѹһ, ҧ, ɶ񡣡Ϊ˹, ȥ˺
ϵͳŪôˣ˹ʡ
͵, Ŀ綢˹һ룬ɫͻָɤ侲˵̫á
Ϊȱ˼𣿡˹΢΢, ʳָ΢ãǲƸˡһˡ
򴽣û˹תͷϣô֪ģ
ϣ΢΢һǻ֮񣬲żӾ˼·˳
һ˹֪ϵͳ£Ѽ֮Ȼģûˡ
ôǴ֪أҴûκϵͳĳҲֻһ֪
Ŷˡشٴͷ˼ض̣Ȼ㰡û뵽Ҳ֣Щ¡
ʲô΢΢üΪʲôԽԽͿ
ûЩĵشϣʲôʱģδôˣЩŶ˵ˡ
һοٵԴ𣬡֪ˣǻǵġǶˡǲǺܺ𣿡
̫áϣ˵䡣һѣɽѣӱڡжⳡʧˡ
ţڰˡʧȥ󣬰Լڤûþˡ󣬴˺ڰֻأӴؼֻа졣
̫ܿ˿Ŵأɺԡľȼգֲ︯࣬Ϊڤûֻص󣬻ֱɢ
ѻûͣܿ˹Ҳˡ֪ģʧȥһͻᵼ
ԣûˣɫУֲҹǰ졣ǸǣҲûˡ
ڱǰһ̣ر˵һʶ˻ܱ޷֧̫áҲȻλôһ࣬ҲҪˡ
ϣ˵̧۴𴽽ǣҪûƽ硣
˹еƾʲôҪһȥôϣܺߡ
ⲻܡһ𾪣Ҽδ˿ڴͣӷײѣÿΪһЩ
ѹûԹƽĻУؽ԰ǵʱôܡôʧȥ˹ͺڰأ㿴֮ĵ䡣
ǲһ˹˵ֹĵΪʻ߾ຣˮ
ˮ
ɽǻ޴󣬻Сɽ塣ļ֮ڱ仯ද֮񣬴ǵʹǱǰġ
Ҹ⣬ʧȥǴĶҲϰ롣ֻǵɢкᣬȨԶںϡ
ԭૡ
΢΢ü֪Էڿټ㡣û߱ӸյõϢҳѵĽ
ڶԽˣǻۣЦţǻ֮˵޴ġ
ûʹ࣬ǷҪֻ뵱ȻһС㣬ʲô˵ƹˡ㷴ȴҪǵˡ
ȻľͦõģδˣһվǰܿҲҪˡ
Ŵһֱߡ
е㲻ϣ˵ΪʲôִҪأ
Ϊõѡ񡣡򵭵˵ֻͬࡣǵкܶӵŴͷԣΪƶˣԽԽࡣ
ҽ֪ʶҪǸıˡ̫ˣҸ޷һһꡣ
ҾãȻôḻԺΪʲôͲʧأһҪȨĶ𣿡
̫ˣû˭ܲǵľǿⷢͣʧǾͱʧʮԺû˸ڶʮѵΪһ˽
ðɣ壬˹¶ЦЦ飬Ϊ̫ˡϣߺ꣬෢չķǳ졣Ӧģ
ֻںڴġɶֵͷˮ󺣡
ȻҲĹס̻Ƿʯ͡ǣÿ궼ֵʯͷ󺣡ǻסС̺ѣȱȾ򡣡
һѾˣټũҩȾˮԼ֪жࡢ𣿡
֪Щⶪס˴ͷʹնں֪Ǻ󣬻½ÿ겻СĳԵĶж𣿡
㲻֪Ϊæ׷ɱ߱Ļû취ʹһʧνʧֻǽһӵ˱ĵط
Ϊ޸ͣͷųһȥЩƶߡ
ν˵ҵˣֻΪ̫ˣô´ͣͶðȥ̡Щɵĺǳء
˱Ҳñ½صࡣԣ˵ҪϺ׺ͺ⻰סһ˵ġ
ϣʲô
Ĭţϸһ£˹ƺϲû´ʲôֵ̫͡Ǹеġ
ҸУ˹˵ס۾Ӧñ࿴ĶûСֻ߱񣬾ûǣ໹ǻн׼ڣԶﲻҪĹƽ
ֻܲͣɱȥֱһʧѰɣϣ˵δп𣿡
ƤһԡĬƬ̺ת뿪
ʲô˼üϵͳˣûȥУ
֪˹˵
ϣҪô죿ʣ㲻˵ֻʣʱ𣿡
ϣСʵľٷֳһʶδ𣿡˹ʡ
ܣ˵㲻˵Сǰһ£СӦҿ̽δõġ
ɲͨʶҪ»ʱҾ͵ٿ̽һΣôҪˡ
СעһЩ𣿡˹ʡ
Ǿ͸ˡ˵ֻҪϣóСʱҿСʾͻʧ
Ϊڵһʶɡͬһռ䣬ͬʲȻʶûб죬ȷʵͬһ
ٴξĬ
ǻ۲ϷҲϰ˵Ĺ켣ϵͳôϣͱصδ硣ûϵͳδᷢ˱仯
ϣеƣû뵽δԽøˡ߳͸͸վ˲һ͸˳
ϣһֱ˵ϵͳʲô
ϣתͷͫӳüЩã顣
Ҹղǣ˵Ҳ֪Ϊ̫ˣһͻ񡣡еΣж̼ҾͶˣ
ϣû˵δʲô֪ԣڵʲô֪Ӱ졣
ҲΪʲôҶԭ򡣵᲻ἤĺģͲ֪ˡ
һ£ģػش𣬡ǻɱˡƸͰ飬õǵȨһϵͳ
ϵͳɹ㡢˹˹ɶܵ˺ЩδֱӰˡԣҸǻ˵ĻҲȫѡҹʧĩա
ԭЦ£Ȼﻹʣϣ˵ֻ˵ⲿ֣ҴӦ㣬ʹٴ뿪ҲԹԵţԲ
ɶ񡣡
ϣͷﻹǺܳơǻ۲ϵͳȥİ취߱ˡȥǻʧȥļ䣬Ҳо޴ı仯ǺǻԤˡ

ϣصٵļңûеĺ˾סˡ˹˹̶ʱɨһֱŸɾࡣ
ڴϣһ˲Ϊֻص˹ȥСn飬ÿΪ˻
СnŻһ䡣
ûлӦ
۾˲ʪ󣬽һţƣ
صⶰӣеһжʧˡ󣬲ǣҲμ䡣
ɡһڷ
˹ڴǰķοϴƽְ顣ʵɽ壬ܸһǿȶİȫС
õģһȥǻԼ֤һȨǱҪٲ顣ҪĲƹԼҲӦԼָ˵Ȩ
ǰֻҪͻᵽڤᰴǰƶ񣬸ֻصɡ֮˾ͻڤһʱ䡣
ֻɺ˻Щ˰Ͷ̥ȥеĻ֮ңеƶͥ˵˶һ䡣ֻҪԸ⣬Ըġǻľһ㡣
һͻ˵Ĳ޷ı䡣е඼ĶƤ˵㱾ǺлġЩӦ㹻ǻˡ
һҪһȨ𣿡ϣʡ
ڿ˹ɵ˵þΪɻϵͳ͵óһ⡣
ǻΪϣ̲ס۵һЦ
㲻Ҫи˹˵Ϊ㣬ҲΪδ
ˡǻϵͳδı仯һǾ޴ģ˭Ҳ֪Ǻǻ
ϣõġº͵˵
һСʱ˹ˡǴֻС׺ڡ
ϣȣû뵽ֻС򻹻š
ΪҲС򡣡˹Ц˵Ǹľ߻һҲϲˣСͻʧ
˹벼٣û˵ʲôΪҲ֪δΣǻۻ᲻ܣôһμϣ
ҰⶰദԷʱҶ˵ֻ˹ļ嵰ȥرСƺȵ
һİϣվԱߣһŻвݵСᡣ
ʧѰ㼸꣬򵭵˵û뵽㾹ȻȥôԶĵطû뵽߱ˡ
ǰЩϣʣ˸ǩԼδľõ𣿡
Ȼǣ˵Ҵһʼû㡣ʼֻǵݹҾȻнӴҾȤʼע㡣
ǴΣҳϣһ˵Ȩ㲻ҲϣңҴûвһ㺦˼
ҵңδҡ֪֮Ϊ̽ˡʾȨҡҺۣʲô˵ҲȨ̽δ
δʾϵͳİߡǣҲˡϣδ̽ˣᱻ˷ɡ
˵̲סЦһ˵һһӰλΪҺ
Ϊ̽䡣
ƸͰһ̶ϣǵҲǻ㲻
˵ıջǴ￪ʼģûܹ֪Ҳ˵ɡ㲻˽Ҳ޴ץס
һϣװŻɫɫɫ顣
ټҵģ͹һϵͳˡ
Ӧˣϣȵؿ
ڰ͹䣬Σû뵽ġȻΪһܹǵİ취
ƽ˵ϣദļҺҪô룬ǲԸ㡣
ڼѧУ¥ݼ䡢ƹݵϴһװǶʱֵ¡
ҲϲһԵ⣬ϲȥͼҡҲ֪ǶʱԶҲزȥˡΨһ¡
Ȼȫİ취Խ˻ǣܲ˺㣬ΪʲôҪһδ֪·أ
̧ۣ¶һõĹ⡣һ˲䣬ϣ˹ȥǸ
ɣϣϣδ㣬㻹Ը˵
뿪ϣڴʵѽ˰ʱˣǸˡ
һûкǵ𡣡
ɿ㣬ֻʮӵʱˡ
ϣ˲еţתվȻСʵĻˡ
ıһ㰧ˣǸ׼õƽ
õģܿҪ档˵
е㵣ģϣҾôʱ䣬ʲô뷨
֪ЩܡνЦһ£˵δȫ֪ڵֻҪֿհ׵Ϣ㹻ˡ

ûôġֻŵĲ־ͺˡ
ϣɿصͷĵزһ䣬ҪúһҪ֪ûͻˣҪҪء
Цһá
˶٣ϸ룬һͦϲϴδȥԺ·ġЩ̵ĸлů͡ߺҾƵ´ʱɡ
ǵȻ̫ˡҪųΪһ⣬ϣο
ףĳ˵ȷʵϵͳĹһԵƷչҲԽԽ
ӡСʾ
һû˹˺˹𡣡
ڲڣһ֪ʲôȥˣһȥˡ
һлû
Ŷ˵ɣЦ˵Ҳʲô£޷Ǿ˹Ƚҩ˹ȫ½
аɡϣͷ
ʮ롣
ϣỽҡ
ϣ̧ۣؾص
ɨ۾ӡͣ˫ɫֿۣ
ϣ͵Ĺâסʱɿͷ˵ϣһ
âʧֻһµֻС̧ͷϣȥˡ
ϣ˹
תȥˡ
ȥˣ˹ʡ
ؼǧԺˡ
ؼǧԺ󣿡˹ɤߣޱȣΪʲôǣ
Ϊʣʮˣ÷֡Ц˵
˹ɫֱ䣬ϣûʲô
һѣûС˵ɵˣҪúҪһ
Ҳţ˹˵Ͳ
Ƚҩ
ŶӦòİɣ˵Ͼ㲻ҺȡԺ󣬸С
˹
...ɶ
лҪ˵ǻȻǣҾܿᣬǻ֮Ŵ


106 
â, ٵ̱Ŀȡ
ϣؿɳϵĿֿ꣬ٻһΧɫǽֽԭľҾߡǽϹһֲ
ߴشһܿԶĿлιǶǧٶı, ڿάɿļҡ
Ǹɳ϶Цꡭ
˹, Ƚҩ, δûıɹ
˹Цһ, ʶˣαװһ¡
ô˵ϣСʡ
ţɹ, ˹Ц˵, ûгΪҲûа䣬Ҳûн
𣿡ϣе㲻ţҪ˹һ仯ûСͷĲɫëӣԼ˱塣
Ҫ𣿡˹, ΢ָһâ
âɢϣ΢΢ۡ
Ǹ˹ٸʿʼչν顣ļǰֱ, ֫, ĵشš
Ϊ˶, ֱ۵ǳʵȻϢеɬܿ״̬
ɴβ, һѾˡ
ô, һֱҿ˹վ, Цϣ
˹֮ǰӸ࣬ѹϢʤΪĿϣе㴭
ϰ𣿡˹ߵЦݲ䣬գ˭ϣ
ϣ΢΢ͷԷ˫ˮɫӳСС
ǳμĺ̲ǾĶǵֽ磬ֻĺס˹۾ԶװĶ
㵱Ȼ˹
˹˲ᡣ
ˣôҼǵǽ뱱أϣʡ
ǵͽˡʵϣΪıʱϵĹؼ㣬δ˺ܴ仯
أ
ֻ˵ҵĲ֡˹Ц˵˵ⲿ֣͵øһ˺ˡ
֣ϣץסҡ
ϣûпǾͰַŵâ˲䣬˹˵ץסͲҪſ
ȵϢͲϣ˲оһġ
˹ɤǰһȥһ󣬶˼ֵͳԵĶЩ΢΢ɳƵ˶̡
âٴɢȥϣȵطվտĺߡԶغ·ԣʧˣȡ֮һŸߴƻ
ƻڴˡ˹Ц˵ǼҵĻ԰һ
Ϊʲôϣʡ
Ϊߵʱûмңֻˣһ
ֻʣʮˣϣͣԭҪȥǣ˵˹˻ȥ˺ߡ
ǴǺҾԡţ˹˵μ䣬˹е
˹ϣ˵ȥһ
ϣҪ󣬾Ҫȥϣ˹붼Ӧǣס֣һ룬˲Ƶ˱ſڡ
ﱻһƬƻ԰Χֵյļڣƻ޼ԲԲϣʮֿɰŻ԰Ψһʮۡ
ϣŸ뿪ǰ޲ı𴽽ǣǺܿ;е㲻ԣ˹Ҽǵ뿪ǰǶΪʲôڿ＾
Ϊ뿪ʱһꡣ˹˵
һꣿϣ΢΢е㾪ȣΪǶֻʧһ
ʹˣ˵ܻһƫ
ʲôоϣʣҴԽȥıһЩ£ļûб仯
б仯˹˵ҷǻ۵ϵͳǻɱλҳΪ½ҩֲ䡢㱻СŴԽļ䶼ûˡ
ϣһ⣬صȥδǷ˱仯
λûгΪ˹ûк½ҩӦҪůĺ˹ԼͽЩٶһʹǵľ˸ı䡣
ȻûˣΪʲô㻹˵أ
֮ʱķ϶ҳ˶ʧļ䡣
˹Ц˵ȻûǿˮЩϢҲ㹻ˡֻûҳļֱۡŵӰһǷһ顣
ԭϣɿһӱúܺá´ʧ䣬½ϵͳ¡
ڶ¥¶̨ϣϣؿԶεĺߡͻȻһ£̧ͷ˹Цصݹһƿ֭
ϹأϣҺݾơ˹Ա£Ⱥչָסǡһ
ΪʲôͿԺݾƣ
Ϊĳˡ˹ͷĵءཹཡڡ¡ĺᣬݾ΢ţȻֱԸС
ϣͻȻ֣˹˵ָо
ʲô˹ʡ
ûСϣæջĿ⣬ССغһ֭
ƻΧİɫӣܰʡЩů͵Ĺӣɢ˵Ĺ㣬΢紵ʱ·δ仯
ϣ㳤󡣡˹ͻȻ˵
ķģϣͷƳһԼ
˹¶һ˿Ц˵䡣ķʮ꣬㻹һꡣ
ף˭˵Ҫ޸ģ
㲻޸ңҪ˭˹ۡ
Ŷ޼޼ǸŮϸ׵ָڿָָ㡣
˹֪ںһ˫ַԺ¶̨һɡ
˼룬ϣӱᳶ
ϣ£쿴˹¶Цݣָա
һ˲䣬ϳ֣л
ϣЦһ£Ѳƿһԣ£˳ָķտȥͷϷ״ƶ䣬š
㿴ֻڽǣ˹Цʡ
е񰥡ôۣϣֻзۿ
˹֣ͷϷطŪɣҲɹڡȵʱǲûҲ濾ԡ
˹
ǰɣ˹°ĿͶƣǹ𣬡һȤĺõӣҪһһ飬øǩԼ
ϣ̲סЦһúÿǵġ
ʲôÿǵģϣõģҲʺģʵκ˶˹΢΢ü漴չüаɣ㿼ǺãҪô֪ͨң
챾ɡ
˹ᳶǣ
ϣһŤͷȥ˹бţֱ֧ŲЦˮɫ˸⣬ӳŷǵĴ󺣡
ϣ˹ЦŻԶҪҡ
ϣ΢˵ͷζ˹Թʱ˹ҲЦݿ
ԶǸЦҪꡣ

ƣҽ˸󹤳רŸӡϰ;ӡ˵ÿνӵҵ裬жӯ
ϣϣ֮ӰվԱߣֱ۴αϣ΢΢ЦŸ˵
ôһֱԹԵӲϣ֪Ĳֱ֡ţһ֪ȫ¡
˶˺ٴ䣬һʱ䣬ܻĽһ䣬ٿһ㡣
󣬱ĥʵĳ̶ȣߵóԤϡ
˵ֻʹ죬ֲķʽǸ˾Ҫ衣
һŮԵλߣڱŮ˿ѡҪѡͥҵбְϣòͼ˰ķʽٽƸŮԵıС
һһ⼸ǧ¡
ϣ΢΢һЦȻֻ֪ҪԸ⣬һλõ
ˡʱ򣬿мڰãſŶӽȥͽر࣬ҼǵǰûС
ţǰǺڰ͢Ǯͽ档ΪҲ֪ʵ֪Ϻÿһ㡣
أҶʵ˰ɣ
ţе̫ʵˣЦеͽΪ˼ңɱڤҲòͣ˵Ŀģ
ϣ۵һЦô𣿡
Ц˵Ϊڰͽȥһ˺ߣԼǿ¡
Ҹоڷǳá
뿪Ϊ˴ʱ䣬һѱȥԺůˢˢĸл˺ܿ֡һ·ȥԺůʱһӱÿ
Ϊбóʵϣ˵Ҫĸоɣ
ǳã𴽽ǣڴҶ˵صһ⡣
㱾һ⡣ϣЦ˵ֻΧĺ̫ŨˣڵĹʡ
ҿ𣿡ӣڵͫһ̷ǳᡣ
ϣ΢΢һת˲¶Цݣ㱾Ұˣ˵ǺڰͽƣǱˡ
ǰ飬¶һ˿ʱ£ȫˡ˵ڹ̷ҹҾ룬Ҫô̷ң
ϣڿ
ϣҴ㿴֣ԥطȥʲôֻδ˵ڣվһǱǰ
ɫļ˾޴ĽȺΧĲƺչȥһ·һȻ
Զƻٽ֯֡һƵģΧڳǱ档ŨܵҶУŸɫӣһ貵ıʯ
ϴλʱˡ˵ûųչǽúһֱš㿴ûҪĵĵطУҾͼӽģֻ֤ҪŪá
Ϊʲôôأϣǣ֣ǱµĴȥ
ΪصɷʮͿԽ顣Ц˵ұϴ½ͺķɸĵġϴ½Ҫʮ꣬ʮˣСһ꣬ҾͲõˡ
ϣ
߽ǱĴۼķеļҾ߶Ƿɫģϰɫĸǽں͵ذ壬͵ϵĲݮ
ȥҿ˵
ϣоһΣɫĴʧȡ֮ͻɫҡ
ʮӴܿԶĺǽֽ黨ģһ˯ĸˡ
ףϣߵߣϸϸؿŴ˻ķšΪʲôҾŴôأ
ҵĴЦ˵Ұڤˡûˣֻܸ˯
˴
˫˴Թȥ˫˴ֻ˯˫ˡ
˫˴ҲһҪ˯ŰϣЦ˵
΢΢һ㲻˯˯ţ˳ֽʵֱ۹ס
˵˵˯ŴɡϣЦӯӯؿе㲻õڵۡ
ⲻڵ𣿡˵ǱˣÿϿάɿҹΪ˱ⱻа˺ֻҹŵ˯
ҼÿΪƹ˯ò̤ʵֻҪ˯ŴҾػ㵽ҵҵÿġ
ϣԸеĺ΢ѣЦ˵еĶ
𣿡ɿӴͷȡһļ𣿡
ϣӹɨһۣСǹʸ֤飺Զϣ
ҸԼ䷢ģǣֻҪҵͿÿʹңЧ
΢΢תһĨջ󣬡ǲǵãԢܻ档ûʲô㣬ɶ㲻ʵ£
ϣ
ڿĹѾ˰ɣ
˰ɣϣ˵ǧˡ
ҴһҵѪҺͼʹĲΡڵְƹܱصĲ
ң
ţǺˣ˵һδҵУͬҵģͱˡ
˭סϣŬѹһȶȣ½ĿͶţһúÿǵġ
̲סЦаɣѡȻҲô׷ġͬҪô֪ͨң
챾ɡϣ˼˵
챾ǻ֮ȥӰеڵʱˡ
Ǹʱ淽㰡
ͷҵ㡣
ˣϣͻȻһ£ܸ˵ػ
ôˣ
һͷˣӿץһ׶ǸղŽǱʱһǺһһظţһҾͰ˸ԡ
ϣһæӱͷϸϸ۾ⲻ𣿾ǲ֪ڲ档
ôԳأôɰ
Ϊϲԡ
ҸϲĵϣЦ˵
ھͼԡЦǣס֣¥µĳȥ
ϣһֱӣһģԹԵظߣҪҼǧˣ㻹ֻ弦
ġ
ʲô
⡢ţ⡢ȡ
ɤЦ⣬סظŮ˵ԼѧĶ˭²λͳ챱ص֮
յķ紩ǱĴ֣ЩġٵġƵĹӣ΢΢ҡš
һͨıͬÿһܰȻ


оҪˡ˷ǽȿȿȡ
ϣһͬؿ
ǼһôôҪŤҵĲӸͷȿȿȡ
챾ӱܵļڣϣסЦ˵˭Ǻ棬㲻֪Լ¾Ʋ𣿡
˳ǣЩָһ²ӣоõˣ̧ͷϹΪ˧Ī顣
ôҲ˵һ
ô˵أϣ̯֣ûϵʽ
Ŷðɡ˵ðɣʵ˹ġ
Ķ
ڲ١˴˲ӱصĹԢƵٵĽֵ
ǡ֣ϣе⡣ǵǰ촩Խȫûˣ˳ƬǾޱ
ڣֵԳ˰ŵĻ԰ӣǳŵÿһöܴ׳һֲϰꡣ
ϴλʱﱻĳǾޱС˵Ǻ˹ָĻȥˣֲֽлˡ
ףΪʲô
ΪİΪʱ仯̫е¡
ͣ½Ųŵķӣָһ㵽ˡȥɣ˹Ӧ棬Ҫˡ
ȥĶ
ֲȥòˡԥһ£ӿڴͳһϣƣȥǰҵĻҴ·ûиԼʲôֵĶɣɶ񡣡
ϣЦһ£˹ǰϵƤ׵Ĺӡ
ˣȥɡЦ˵
ϣͷƿβļţ˽ȥ
ûб仯еļҾ߶ԭеλϡֻ˷ǣѾûйȥʻľ
˳¥ȥΪ˹ҡһȦûˡе֣ɴʣķҲ˸顣ǻûˡ
ü¥ݣߵС԰Ҳܶ䡣ӡǻװɢż˹
ߵԣ۾΢΢󣬾ϲؿʶ棬һλ֧꣬°ͿǱ⣬Ҫ۵һڡ
˹ˡرȥһǰ˸ߵǽ浲ס
ǱʲôЦʣҼǵ̵ļҡ
סҵˣ˹ǳЦ˵ʱˡ
ʲô
סҾܳΪھˡ
˹˾Ǹ˲һϣ̾λʿֱ
˹ռʲôǵļң˯ǵĴ
ֻ˹رзִ˵ھӡ
ϴ½Ƕʮ꣬꣬ô죬ҵ㡣˹ź˵
ϣ
ΪʲôֱӸסһأ
ΪҾóΪھӣÿͿԷǽҷǽȥȽȤ˹Ц˵
ϣȷûгΪ⻹λ߽ࡢࡢĹ
ϸһ۾ûз죬ǳɫһӡ
ʲô˹ʡ
ǲûгΪ񡣡
ҵȻûˡ˹Ц˵һγΪΪûϢ˼ɼĳ벻ҾͷԼˡ㴩ȥ֪֮δң˼ᶨӾûôѰˡ
أϣʡ
ʵˣȻѸı˵ȨΪǿԿ˵̣ͽرࡣˡ
Ƹǻ۾Ͳ˵ˣͽƬ½ǻ۸ͽż֮ǰӡֻдˣм
ȵһ̸ˣ漣Ļڡ˹˵Ī˹ԼԲżǿĻ
ϣЦһ£ǵͽӰ쵽ǰɣ
ᣬǲǵͽҲͬʱǡ
ϣüۣ̫ˣҶúõġ
ϵ˰ôû취𣿡ϣе㵣ĵʣҼǵһң˵а취˺
ţ˹΢΢Ҫϡ
ôϣϣʡ
Ϊҵٸ㡣

˹ʶһſǿţ仰ƲƲ죬Ѿ²ˡʲôҪϣֱ˵ϣɽһĲ𣿡
㶮ʲôһ֯ɴ˵ȤŮŮֻҪ˽飬ͿԹĵӡдˣϴ˽Уá
Ŷ޳ɵ˼
һúÿǵġϣЦ˵
챾֪ͨ𣿡
ԣϲǸ
аɡ˹֣ЦſϣõģһȽסġ
ϣݽȥСУʱǸҲůůš
ϵɫСվ泯Ծȥ㵵ĿԼ
ϣ˹ỽ
شӦֽǽһͷĺڷ˫峺졣
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