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ִһ˱Ȫռ䡢ҩҵŮȻűԭ˵Ļ£޸һɷʵʵźϣУɵŮ仹ô
Ȼľ£ȴ˱仯
´ˣԭŮĿռ䱻ˣ
·ˣԭŮȪᶳˣ
˶ˣԭŮҩҩûʧЧȴִԼԽԽȫǶ
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ؼ֣ǣִ 
һ仰飺ŮںЦ
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֮ҵִ⴩ԽһլҵŮâѡԭµĻ£ƽӳסβ߽֮ȴദУ𽥰㺣ͬʱҲһıԭľ顣գջ鰮飬ʹߵõ޸жԹԹʵʡķɣ죬ɫԸԾȻֽϡĶͬʱʾһֻǿӮأòƸλ簲ʱ֪㳣̰֡࣬ˣƷıζ



1 
ִʱԼ泯죬վһ¢ϣաݡ
ϲҶ˵ҲʪĴͷɹţѹԭʡ
һԵ¨ŸһС룬װʱգԼ޷ִһӵȻȻشؼȥ
Ǹմȴ·ʮƺԭļһֲϣӡ֤ˣȷʵԼſһ
Ӥٻִ֮ũңӦҰȴһԾɸǧ𣬵λر޹ֺԭģؾǺ󴦴Ҳ磬Ҫðƻκֶ̫ľʧŮ˼ѳ顢׻ʲôҲҲܰѶŪɾ˻ÿһȡ
ǶŮܡ
ִҲȥǷصԭޣֻ֮֮ȰԼ˺ãܹ¡
ƿţδüµߣͷ˱֪˭
ִɵӦ
ЬϵͣȥǸкӭһذܽ棬üСȻдһ¾ȴɫ
ѹֱ˵Щ궼
ִΨЦд׽ڻŮ֮²Ȼ֪ʱǹ⣬ºȴĬ£Լ˳ͤŮڣռסλô
ʵ˵ֹ治ǰ׽ĳʵ̫ﳼ֮󣬵ҲƸƽ֮ŮΪˣ༴ִĸ㲻ܸ׽֣ź˿һŮֵķ֪ŴҴ׽£ټң仧
Щֹ꣬͵͵ܼã϶ϲܹ󣬱Ĳ˵õĲһʻѡ
ȻûǮִСﱾǽ֦ҶȴµջѾͷ硣
ԭ֪ݣ԰ʮֹĸ
Եģ϶Ҳ㲻ػ˵ȻҲûٸɡ
ʱ׽ŴӴؿ⺢ӣôڻˣ
֮⣬Ȼϲƽ˵ĺ統ңݵѾͷ
ִüۣͷͷ̫ŮȻЪЪ
׽ҪӸһˣƺ߼·ӷֻܸ첲ڰաͦʬƵġ
ִҲûӣֻ˲ҲŲðӵζһ֬㣬ġ
׽۵ĵֵ죬һŮӼңǱͷˣӹǲҪġ
ԭƢԣ˿̱ҪǿŲ壬صȥϲƽһ׳׽ಡûٲԭ࣬׽ǵ˴ĸģȻõˮ֮ӿȪ౨
ִԭϸPUAˣƣƬƤһأԴ׽ʲôûΪء
ִǲԻֻЦãġ
׽
ܾѾͷе㲻һ
ִûֻŰˮǰϵĶšһĴڣеļһȫ˰ϵĶӣ˭ǲأ
ϲƽǸˣԴȢ绨̣ϲû޲ӶٳĻ᲻һ뼦ȻϴƿŮͲĵķˡ
˿ִ̼һ۲գŰϣǸɿʣЦԾͳ԰ɣճҩѵúܣҲԲ¶
ԭǲĸģֿۣҲֻĬĵãҺȰˮͺá
ڰǰװʳҲСҪ졪ֿɰŮӣΪλߵһ
ִ΢΢һ澨ţˮȫ˶ǡȻɰúܺãֳԷǳζġ
׽ģѾͷа
ΪٻԼأѵˡ
׽Ұ죬ִôˣϲƽԹƼִ׵ĳʳǿµĵ̲Ԫ鵤ҩԼ᲻ãѾͷռȣ
ϲƽҪǶ⡣
ִɵ굽ϴرϣȻðšϧ첲űûʲô
׽üͷϲƽʲôԵģ
üһЧϲƽ漴ֺߺ㵱Ȼ˵Щ겻֪͵˶ٻأǿɶӻģѾͷ̰ᣬĲٳδ
ִ
ëɣŰ׽ԲڴΪٳһ뼦ѵǶģңִѱԭļ䣬Ҳûռ˶ٺôвݸƤͲˡ
ϧϱ˵壬ִֻܷ˵תλս
׽Ҳδû±֣ҶӿռСϲƽ˸ץס
˰죬Ժдߵƽǲпõģִһתʶ˿ǸؼĽڵ㡪ϵòгͤѾʶұׯͷȻϵǸܡ
ִ׼ᣬϲƽҸֱһҲûš
ϲƽͬۼֿ죬׼Ѿͷĺףһ˹ȥ
ɲɣׯͷǡڴʱ
˵ƿִͷһ֮ң
ִż⣬ǰƱ䵽ʵ۵һӰ
ŭĿӣԵģڸʲô
ϲƽ
ֲԩ


2 .  ظ   ˭涨ǵñܲɣ
ұ䲻ׯͷϽΧڣŴӣ˭𣬺οϲƽĻǾүҵǧ
޹ֺׯͷ
ϲƽ֪ŮײƶЩ߲ѣܿҲͻ˹Цģ⺢ʲŷСҲ˵䣬㲻ʲô¡
°ֹŮƫһƼûʹأ
ִȴᣬߵǰһ֪Ǹίġ
СƲ϶ÿ㣬һ˫ڰ׷ʣʲ泾ֱˮˢۡ
ׯͷ󣬡úӣˣʹȥ۾ϾҲ
ִװԾۡ
ϲƽǴ㵣Ҳ̫ˣ㲻ģѵ˵߾ʹߣ
Ӳĵ磬Ǻ⣿
ʺİ׽ŵӣǧһ컹ˡ֪ûв͸ǽ
ҼȻ˹زֶ顣ִôֲʶķͷֻǣҲѾͷٻԻۣȥˡ
׽ʲôģЦ֣
ִûܾﷴŴ˵彫齲ף˵ϲƽçϾ
ڰ׽֪ܣʹˣүεҪ棬ҶϳϣӲϳҵŮպףеȤء
ִڰ׽࣬°˼ƽϡ
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ϲƽǸˣٺᣬ뾩еĴټƽϣ֪ñƲˣдˣִֹϾ͸ˡ˵Ҳ˿ִʮģϾҪ˵ˣʱߣʡʼױ
Ůֻ֣Ʋһˡ
ũҲũ˵ĽƻƹѲϲƽؿб۵磬䲻ģҲЩĽã
ûѹһʣ˭ִ֪ȴĴӺԺ˵ˣŮɺҲŮҳƽˣ˭ҲǷ˭
Ťͷʵ˵ǲǣ
׽װͻװˣŲһ˵Ϊִºӡ˭֪ͿѾͷת۾ˡɵǼɵ
ʵͷҲֻܺЦǡ
ϲƽȴе΢ĲãǰϵĹѪֲģƾʲôϡɼ׽ʤģҲֻð²ᣬ¶ӵӡۿۡ
εƳһӰӿԭҪ˵ĻҲҲүȷʾɼһֿһﲻһ˭û˼ںϡ
ֻСЩĿࡣ
ۿ죬ȥֱ峿ˡ
׽ʰ˾Ʋˣɷͨɧ£ŽִеǰҴҵ󣬽ȥ֮ز¶̬֮úôùϵȻᱻͻ׽ҲûҪŮڹٻͥǰȻõöࡣ
οֹŮڰǽӦõġ
ִʵ˵˶Ǳޣʹȥ𣿡
ϻǰ״ֲѣͷϸǹͺͺһӶûУഺٵĹҡ
׽һҭŮӵԵΪأ׷ʳ˭ִ֪ȴίضָ̧Ȳأ϶ҲżˣȴһѶòȥô˵ֻô룿
׽ɫ䣬ϲƽһԻȻԲΣЩǮֹ˽ģֻ˵ļױΪȴŮأ
ׯͷǸ˾ֻ²³֣ʱúүΪ⻻ӣ
׽ҧһҧȡһһԽΣʵỬĳѡǴϾΪļΪĸ׵һ⣬ҲֻӦˡ
ִؽڻֵ·ϵ̷ѣ븮֮˵Ǯ
׽ѾͷǷծˣȻ໰
뵽ԼֹĻᣬ뱻ѾͷʱС׽Ҳû˭֪סЩʲôأ
һʷڷʡ˵ġ
磬ׯͷ׼ʱߵţ˭֪ͼϲƽػںߣڴɥؿŵ没
ִһ³ѣЦе壬߰ɡ
ׯͷĿ࿴
͹ͺˣ˳ׯͷȴֵݸһ
ִҿһƣȴǰ׻ִֵаʮ֮࣬Ȼʲô
ׯͷ̾ⱾǺүЩϲƽ϶ĸ֮ҷţδ˲ٿࡣ
ִһᣬסᣬǰһƣҲա
Ǹѵöõˣֹ֪²ý
ׯͷС㣬ͷŰɣүǱߣ⡣
йͲ˵ˣͲϲƽҸʡΪũׯĻúøɾˣ춷߹ȵЩܱɽˣһס壬廹øء
ִƴǲֵֻ֤ⷬ£ﲻȺġ˼ڣ⣬ƾЩӣټӰ˽ܹһˣ㹻ҵ֮
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ִǳ˯һѾʻǣĴȻԼҴ岻ͬˮ
ǺŮδִȨԼǸҰ帾󵨵ʱƻ裬ż·ʵ
ȻƳһ񳵣ľʵţװεʮ־£ͷŲ֪ļҵͼ
ѵõǣȻܲ͸磬ɼͷǸ˾Ǹˡ
ִ£壬˭
ׯͷȴЩĪǻȸ·ɣүǵȼˡ
ִ֪ȤĲٶʣҪУһǡǡ˸档
ͷһͷȥȻǶ͵ľٶ
ִ治ǹġ
ȻһҲˡǸͦͦĸִԼҴЩ죬Ĳϲƽçͷ˵ˣͯʵټɼûܾһطò
ҲԼдԭӱҲǲģϧûһ츣׷紵ɹִֻٺõĻҲڡ
ִδվӣɿϥ˫ֲƤ֣㲻ٱϣˣ֮֮Ҫա
ܿ㵽һլۡǰԶԶΧһˡ
ĵչǸϲţ˭Ƹ֣үæڹȻûռΪ׵˴ϡ
Բ˵ǰ׽ŮʮԭŮ
Ȼ֮׽Ľʤü£䣬˭ҵĵճС㡣
Ʒô
ִʹ޷ź£һĸؽȵе㲻̫ӦȻġ
һʧٶˣû׼ȴϸʧ̬
ִһ֫壬ĸ׵ıýô˸С
ҲܸˣƺﻶӭִƬ̺Цеĵ㳤ƺôףէһһϴأ
ȷʵôһഺŮţִԲλࡪᵽԭʱĸܣȻڳĬбڳĬб̬ѽ
ֻԭһųƹˣջۣŻôҵķӦ
ִȴվͷƷ㣬ЦеشǸһģ̳ġ
˻һϲ࿴ۣѽģүô
ЦЩҲסˣŭĵִ
ִ̩ȻǱӣûǷڷѽ˭涨ǵñܲɣ


3 .  ϲ   ƴŽʥּҲΪ
͸ŵɫִ²Լһ֪׽棬ɰ׽ԼԼˡ
ܼĺӡ
ȻⲢʾͻ˸еĲʲôģϾԭһ氮޵еУԼǸɢüͥˡ
Ͼֹ׽ʶȣϲǺߡ˵ĹҹϵȻ֪
ִûճ֤֮ǰóȻҷ¶׽ݣңҲȷϵƢԣǻ۽ն˿Ǹγϣִôȡλĸ׵ķӦԭΨһǣҵˡ
ڴ¸ӰպвУֲⷽ
ȴ飬Ψִ˵ʲô˵Ļææֱۣȵ㣬ͷǽȥɡ
ʵֵʢģʲô磬ִҲûֻЦЦ߽԰ӡ
Ȼһ£ĸףǷȥݼϷˣ
ϺүѹֵδּңλϷȻҵͳߣҲøк
ü̾ϢϷ˲Щ纮ȥɡ
ִ¶ۻ̫̫أȷе˵Ϊչ桪Ϸ˿ɲֹһŮȻ˭ܵĻģ㰮˭Щ
һ£ִΪ֡ԭŮòڣԴңͨռֲɫĵﶼ޲ڣȪˮҩƷǵˬ٣˵˫ˣֻƣƸ֬ˮۣþйŮ׷ȻЩױƷҲķͷˡ
̫̫ҲðĸαţõһͶʰ
ģæȰ̫̫没ˣ˴Щӡ
ִһ˫ĿϣôȪΣŶ᲻á
ȪˮСͷԭŮТĸ
úЩǳէܾѾͷЩ߶߶
·һ۾Ƴ˵¡
Ȼ޿ܣŶѽ
Ʋͷǵ㲻ЦִͬеĸɫٲȻӣִԶǿ͡Ȼǲ֮͡
ϵǱˣЪЪɡ
ڨڨɿ֣̫̫ܺƴӣȴ·ܸһ㣬ĸŮġ
ϸִǸռ棬ȴѾõһˡ
߬е־
ʱҲоԼǶǸϲסִвˣѾѵСɽˣȴƵġ
ĿЦҲңѵֻЦž˿ô
ϡϵĳ谮ҪڸվȽŸȴλĸĹգΪҲִԽǰͷȥ
ִһۣ΢΢ЦԴأ
Դ̲裬ҪȶԷ̲衪ԭᡣ
ֱ׵˵Ѫ
ǴϣȻ˵ܣĻСԴףҲ̫Сˡ
˵˵ȴûִˡ
ִȻѵ
ŷ룬ȳ䵱ǸȵĽɫԾ
ִñ׷Ե˲ǡ˵ۼֿԷһϣܾĻᶼûˡ

һǹģ֪޿ϡ
ִէǰϲãΪڴǰúֻҧ£һǧֻӬ
ִ⼫ˣҲССظԭ˵𡣾ⲻ˱»ͦ׵ġ
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ִпոϾ飬Ŵûһһϣк©
˲ٿ࣬£ҧĴֺﶮˣҪһŮձ
ŶϲƽĶУǨŭϡв֪ϲƽǰ׽̥
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ϱŮ޵ʪѡ
ʱĸŮһ¥Ҳڣ룬׻ĬĬ˳ȥ
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Զ˿
˯ǰִİ׳£ԹֲͷĽһתЩ˺£ȴ䶨һһƳӰϡϵƯС硣
ĸŮһ飬Ⲣɫܵев׻ȥ
ģļӰִһҹΡ
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֮ͤǧĻϲƽ˿ȴһƬƲ
̷Թūͣǿ˶סôµģȥһٰӣ
һ۵ĿϵĶӣ֪ԸӲãǳȥϹ䣬ⲻֲˣ
ƽȰҪţ񲻸죿ǰҲס
̷ŭ·ۣһ
䣬㷽ǻӵ϶Ҳ˲ˣưģɲǸˣֻס꣬Ҳĸһ
ƽ˵ţҲ֣ΨнοЩ궼ŹˣǶܲסպôȥ
̷˵˰εᣬ¶ģĲˣҿǵý˳һ塣
ƽסô壿
̷ɷȻ֮죬ˣ̼Ͷһ£꽫ڣҵŮѳɣôȥף
ұϸǽҵͬ٭ֵʥ϶׷˾λԼҪסλϴѴ·ͬϷȻǵ׼ġ
ƽȴЩִ٣ǵЮͼСˣӹǣô˼ҵĹοδؿӦûһӻҡ
⻰̷ǰҲΣǲ֮ط˵̬쳣㲻ȥȥƴŽʥּҲΪһ׮¡
ʺҪ󣬻ʺٿһġ
һ뵽빬ʥֳĻƽͷƤ飬ضϷ˵ĻУȥôҲҪһ档
̷ſɿڣͷҲʲôֻҪҵİƽƽҲֵõġ


4 .     ͷȻֱŮһҵ
ԭ˯ĺϰߣִȻմԱŹеӡһ߸¶⣬ˡ
źǷ˭֪ȴִϾվſڡ
ִܲ˼ϱ˼ﳳˣ
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ִȺģԭȻһԼǰ³ΪҲֻдϰɣ
ʶһΪ˸οص飬ִҲԲҪô˻ðԼչ˺áֻʹ߿졣
еϰ죬ִ׾۲־ô֬棬Լøżһ㡪ϧǸޡ
ʱִпй۲쾵˵ò˴ϣǲģϧɹ̣˺õӣ׻˵һ˭һƺƤɫÿĶȥ
ỹкüȸߡ
ִĿ˰ӣòŮˣǳϴϴ˯ɡ
˾ȴĶãؿοͣñ㻹أٳţɹ̫һˡ
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شõĴΣϷ˾˵Ѵˡ
һţִ㿴һɫذգλεۡδʱڵľջϡؼǮҲܰ
ִĿбӣǰͬ޷׵˼ʰϣһԵȤĸǴľջЩ£ȴһ̶ûأ
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ذգ޲ýմɻˤͷϡôܴ
Լܲöһ٣̫̫ضѿˣﲻôЦأס
̫̫ȷʵеЦȷһĸͬеҲ⣬ҲûָһңֻҪֳС
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ڣĸףҲȴþӸж꣬ԭλ͡
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ΪִҲʵƴһأ˭֪Էȴ·ƣԵͷŮҲô롣
òҪ
δҲôģ˱˵ĺʮ꣬񴺶ò׻ѵֶô˽ģҲӦġ
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ױĸŮˣӦ˵޵ô
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ȻͿ˺࣬ŸԲĹĵӻȥˡ
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̫̫Щƣۣϵˡ
ִǺĸһãƳӲˬûй
Ҳǿ͸Щ㶹һ̾Ѿͷ˼Խˡ
ԭѿװҲ֮顣ջϻŮϵʱ࣬һн١
ѵΪչҪͬİ·ôϲʥˣֻܼķΧھһˮƽ˽ƫһЩҲ޷˭ôŸһѪ
ңǸģʱû취õĻ¡ǰν֪ľͱˣǲţ
ǺȥοȻӳȴǵճδΪ̫ӣλᶼѪȷ磬⽣ӰʵڲŮǾ
ִϵ飬ԭŮܲסģһ˼޸δӣΪٻ󣬻Ҫ׼ԩƽΪ׽ĳϣҲǸТŮ
ִ䲻ͬҲȥ棬ð׽ΪƽޣƱػвϵ棬ִţʵڲŤת跨ôϸֹ룬ԼһͬסȻԸǰ¡
䲻ȴ̾Ҹ㡣
ִ׵˸Ůȴ䣬ȲʶĶֲ֣ʫòŴ󻧿ϣ̫΢ͥίŮֳֵֻЩŮ䵽㲻ϲεľأ
ִۿҪᣬæ̧Ϊȥů˫ֵģͷȻֱŮһҵù޵ġ
֮ԷҪĽ㣬Ҳǲ˳⡪Ϊ˵СġԭɻڣӢδޣֻܴҴһӵܣĺͨĺż˿ᣬӶû°ա
Ҳѹǰʹ
ԭٿ̶ֶڴǰʼǸŮܵЩҲ̽д֪Ĳ֪ôڶʹģϼԷ絶˪Ҳֻ̰ˡ
һԼΪĿڵĸ˵
ĸŮ˵强ֹ룬淳֮ɫ
ִ˵˸棬δϸпմչʱı׼ֹȻǸӣʮȴ룬һͷIIͷǱȴϻϸй󡪡ٲĵˣȻͺķա
˿ȴһ¡
ǰΪүôˣ³Ÿ˭ǷٹƵģźӡ
ֹǶֱ棬̼ˡ


5 .     Ҳδ๫ʲôģ
һۼʲôϵ
Ҳкü겻߶ˣͤԴϺүȥ֮սǣҲ֧ŶѣƽǸӾ͹ͷöˣͬʾ߶
ôö˶˵ľ˵
ֹԹ˳ٶۣˣ⻹̫үʱµġ
ϵɫˣǺͯϷɵ棿
Ȼ̼ͬҵͳһӣ̥֢ҪҽҩæҪŮ޽ͥȴܣ
ϼץɷĸ첲ү
ֹ̾ѽŶδֽ־ݣ̫үٵ˵ģٳͬŶأʸڷϣ˳Ц˵̼ҽʥּзԵĻ᣿
૵Ǳֻű£
Ůֺ̫Сַ˼ңʣµģϥ¶꣬Ǹջĸ϶ãңλүδ֪ȴǰзϣⲻô
ֹӣΨȰȴȻö⡪׷ɣΪ˺̫үسŵҲΪ;һ
ɵλϴùˣܵƽһѣ㲻ôθȱŮʲôأ
˵Ҳ㲻һûܸϵŹ֮ոˡ
ڸüһûáò˫ȫȻʣǱʹӴûȣ˼ң»ǵôӺ¹ϲòª˵㣬ǳԼǸˣûʲô޵ġ
ֻǴŸջԼ㼱ææޣǵԹԣֹԼҲ˼ڣ˼ȥûƵ⡣
ִسԭ̼ղδͬҽסƽȻƴȴ֮֮ͣˣʱԭµòˣֱŵۣΪλү𺲻ദӲͷƤܾ£ȻԸԼҲˡһ˼Ҷ̼մ״ʣ̼һӻңȻףοԭʱͷ˵ǵճֻ»ء
ɹϻԭȴǴֹеϹʵ޷ŻᱻԺƭ˸ֻ֪ƶĲİܼɣɴĺ֪Ѿ᲻ʩչϧҲݺˣһգҶڵý߽ӻؼ
ȻӦʮֿɣ׽˳𣬶Ͼ˴ȫϣһڿԺͺһˡ
ִһⱲӣҪܾǣƣģݣҲȷҵŵԵ£ô̼ܳҵ顪ҲĿǰõѡ
ƽҷã޽ȥصĹŵѣԭ⻹Ƿ޸鲻δУ֣ӵ϶޷зģҲ±˴Ҫӡ
ڳó˵ʵãִΪ̼̣˳´йһλ䲻ͷϣ̸ҴҵܹǶġ
ʱ򿪼̣ЩӣٰѴϽӳ׽ЩҪΣˡ
*
ƽ׵Ϣܿ촫ҡ
ڴָƣһѪڽ׵岼ϣҲۡˡ
ƽǸȥ㶼ȥ޸Ƕ˭֪ȪܷãȲãⱲӲ˨ôң̼¹죬ƽȻλȨأϲΪһϱȥز׼İ飬Ὣ׽ӻؾǣסҡλ̷˱ʵģС檶ɣ׵Ŀ
ɣָڴϡ
һɲԩͷ׶˵ɣҪ
ִֹȻһͬʣõģϾŮǴϡδ֪֮࣬飬ִԸԸ⵱Ʒǲ
ǰ˭֪͸ȴ˵ȥˡ
һ֪ЩǶϲڷ˵Ļֻ´ϸһͻżϹˣ׽ᶨˡ
Ӵ϶ִʧõϲάԼŮ
ӹһ˿ԵĶʼɣΪ֮ƣҲֻô̫̫跨ˣǾĴ˺ü軨ִһƿ÷ѩˮҩƣͷȪ̫̫֮ԶĿҲԽԽϲ
һٰã㼷ᣬеĵĸŮвмֻǣף˵ճȴ֪ġ
ǡôһ£ҲǵŮȹ֪£أʱ򷴳˸Ĩڡ³󣬿ͨɣһǿأɶ޹ȥس̼޶
ΪѰ汳ģѵÿ佱ִŵеޡǶѵõ¡
֪䣬㿴̫̫ԱվһЦЦӰִһϮȹǽϵͼΪһ壬ѹֲע⵽
ʲôʱģǳԾ漴ջ˵ɵɰ㲻ɵҲ¼˲зϣżææ̫̫ǰҩɣ
ֺģɼءŴˣֿ̻ô
׼ûǣֵõĸŮ˷ˣǲʵϵĵߣƻҸס
һֱȻ˺Ҳù˼ˣЦǺı㣬Ÿջжôδŵ̼£ĸŴһô
ϷüѾͷʲô
ͦ˳ĸƭˣǲ޵̼ң¿ϧõ梣ĸ̷ТܲΪͲŮ˰ɣ
˵գһƵŶ档
Ϸʵȥˣ˵ʲôԸӦף㵹ãС֮ĶȾ֮㻹Ǹҹأıƣʲô
ֻ˵ȥˡ
ĸ溮˪ɫɽôᣬִëԼ˾ӽˮɣ
Ϸɲ㣬˽
³ˣҾޱסӻóص㣬Ǵ浱˹Ѹ׹ϵڣұ֦ͬô࣬պкβ⣬Ҳܵһѡ㿴ѾͷǸдֹ۵ˡ
տõȴʧѣĲᣬרԼʹӣ˼ΪΪôô
ĸһٽѵףΨаִƻװð˷粻Ϲ澡ʧ
֪÷ѶٹŤתԼĸе
ΰգֹ֪ŮٺҲǴΪпȻִԸȥ̼ҵģֻڰ׽Ľ̵²Тһ뻹еСھء
˾ԭϤΪִױ̼䲻ǮԼҲ̫ʧӡ
ִԼױû̼ȥٵõȴ֮󣬿ңҲ᲻ôϡôͨŮ޺ҲܳңʱϣܶϣοЩ˼֮ࡣ
û飬νϲͷҲָԲοĿǰӸԲ˷
̷˻ϣ࿴һ£˴˶иסԳţϣִǱȥҲ˵ұӵ£˽λﲢ޲෴ģôֱ̷˸ϣӶദ˵䲻¼ɻĻһ٣մմơ
ִӦˣҲδ๫ʲôģǿǳ󣬾äƼޣôҲһ°ɣ̫Ϊˡ


6 .     ҿף׬ˡ
ϴӻ»»˵ˡ
ȷȥƽˣһѯ̼ҺȻ׵ԵɣҲ̼Ҫһ֤ĸŮ޹ȥ̼ҶƴλϱԼϡ
ʱģֻּ̼ͬۻۣȴ뵽ִԸ޵̼ȥ
ÿüƽƣӦǾϻϣ̴档ִǸס
ֻϧȴͣҲǴϲԵʣ׽Ŀζ
ִ䲻ĸ𣬱Цűסֱۣһҡţĸ׾²ô
ĬȻԣʵһҪһ޹ȥ˵ƫҲգһŮĺӶãǻʲôĸף
ֻȴ벻оϣҲͬ˽Դ˳̼ңһһȴЩ㯡ؾ˳̼ңھƱ˵һƥ£ѵҪһӵܣ̼ҵΣܹǷģֺͳжʺĸоɣ˭֡
ˣһƺ˭֪Σಡ齵ˣƢ׽͸ŮӦЩࡣ
ִȴǳţ»İɣ̼ҲҵİӲһЩ˲ˮϴ£ʹŮζͶҲˣҵ鷳
˸ӣټұһǲµġ֪˭˭Ӯأ
ϱһƤЦˣĳ嵭ЩȷǼ޸ȫȫβɾҲδܱ֤һ޺ؼÿͷţپǸˡصøЩױӣŮҵӲˣżҲź˵ϻ
ڳ̷õĻϲδ裬Ӷ֮ôʽ֮ǰף˴кβҲзڵء
ӵͬһöʯͶģȦȦƽ˾֮ɢˡ
ֺ꼰㣬Ųӵ˺üڹ꣬ûѰִ鷳䶨пճѰ϶£Ӵ㲻ĴױôпճԺûô
ѸȻǲ˳еġ⻰ʵ̶
ִһ֧ù𻨣׼Ŵź⸮ĽƷãҲƯ⹴ʳ¡
ƫƫʱҪĺ顣
ֺűŶˣȷʵʲô£ȻǳϲһСδӽ̧ȥˣֲͣõŻ̵װ磬δ¡
ִҲֻĬؽת˸һãѩĻ׷ֺϣͬһꡣ
𻨵ĻȻţ̫Ũž˻׷ġֺµĻҳԼһǱŵĵִǹİɣ
ѿģǰٰȴҾʵ޾λµҲû䣬Ȼ׽⡣
Ҫִһ
ִ㷽ŲҲǹ⣿ƽˡ
ֺŭɶҲ˵лȴҹѣôһ
ִǿδأˣʱ˵Ļȵǹꪶˡ
ֺ죺
ܾĶڳݸѹ˶˵ϱ˵أ
ֻϵùȻȥ
ִһ޵ģ֪δӦֺԩ޳𣬶ŹΪѣֻϧСѾͷӲãװױ˵ǹʹ֪
ִҲָ㣬Ϊʦֺ쳤ʲôɣġ
ִʲժһСϴ̯ɹͼҴҹϹųϿҵ΢ЦʲЩĵģҴⲻǡ
ȻѸĻֺܻ춮ʲôйѸˣ𵹳
һ˫񲢲ȴ߹ĺ֡
ִƳһۣһҹΪδⲻǣ
Щ˵ֺֻ㣬ִȴǳէԣȻ˼ҳĽɫ
Լͷˡ
ִ΢ЦĪˣҵãףС£պܻ׵ġ
̫ԭŮʹĶ׽һղӭݱһյòʵǵĵŮŮ㲻ϡִҧڡá⼸ϣ
ɫৰףǺΪ֬һԲתȥ
ִȻûգ͸ˡԭŮطƵĻױƷЧǷǷϰָò¶󷢴ȱˡ
Լ׵ӣƽԹӭΪ׵ĻǹλϹ£ֲִ˼ģƽ棬õƺƴô
֪ĻΪҪš
ֺ쿴Ƿĳݣ۾ֱˣ΢΢࣬ϣִ޽ƽɲϣȥ
ִžµ澲ţ뵵ƶˣӶԼˡ
˵ôеأܾдٹ˵ݶա
ҸòԶʱ㵽ˡִһͿ̷ڸǰǸΡʯʨӱϣէһΪǹŰʨ
̷òȴʨӺĶ࣬ǣִԹ緹һ·۲ۣҪҪȺȿڲЪЪ
ִһһӦˣ˵ʵǵһԼҴյ̼ҵķ񼸺Ƶϵˡ
̷֪˽ĥ˼ҵģԾĵ֪ûУ
̷˺Цֱˣרء
ִǸӻר̵үϢʮֹɡϡҪͲ˯
һܷĴţƹȣ㵽˳סĺ᷿ϣ̷ЦãоҲܶ˵˵
䣬㿴һ˫ƿͷɳڵϵת˼Ȧ֮۵ѳ롣
ִȷо
̷ϱʧأȴѹסŭƽʱ㣬첻ôˣҽȥʡ
̼ִ֮룬Ӧǹģ̇סλˣԼȥɡ
򲢲סǳʲôԵɣִɲ˻Լļƻָų̼ųڷƱأ
̷˲̫ģ뵽ѾףСڵ£ԼΪáŮӿǸͦģа취
̾˿ȥ±裬ǿˣֻܻˡ
ӦôүȷǸͦźˡ
ִЩɣСĵãӵδ˭֪ͷ˸⾯ȻżĽŲôߣ
ܺԴɳơԲڴ֣Ϊűˮ
λǸ
ִЦЦö߽֮ȥҪҶôҸģ˵İ״ɣ̫ô
򣺡ڽ£
ִоɱ̹Ȼȥ˭֪һ¿ɲˣȻǳռƯС硪Ҳò
ִ̹Щ޺޺³Էɳ׷󣬾ҲҪ㽲
εɾܶ뷹
ִ֮еľޣıЩ˵ˣô㣿
ԭҲǵִݡ˲űĵطҸ·ɲѣҸƽƽĿҲףοйĿ֮ܡ
ִϷЩ³ţҲ֪Լһзϣµ˼ҵĶŮִģһ֡ˡĸо
ƹø
ִЦүҺܲĿô
ʵҲ֮ˣڳһҵֵ£ӹ֬׷۶Щǣǿˡ
˵ҲԷƱ˭֪ͼִЦĿɣʵҲôãҿף׬ˡԣ˵Ҹòýף
򣺡


7 .  ҩ   ִĻ·
ỳִյϸϸ
֮ǰ̷˽ܣλСүΪ򣬱ݷɡִ֪ǡ㻳׳˼ɡǸݷɣǰµӡ̫ٹ̣Ѳλɽ
Ҳȷмɽʣѻ෢ޣɫ˿ֻŰϣ㱽Ϊ˶
û˯Ȼ͸ˡ
üջ𣬡㿴ʲô
ѽִøɴࡣ
򣺡
ִǱŤСģһ䶨ǲ֪֮ĻΪǿóԿˡ
򣺡
˵Ƥֱǹ룬ױˡ
ִһۣŮӲȫǴʵ۾һˮƽγҪƤֲ̫ڵĻǿҲܳƵϼɫ
ֻϧ˺ԾǵΣ泯˵õ׾أѵô磿
δԼʶδϱķڣȻһ̣ͺ޲һֻըëè
ִȻֱ㶵طϣ˵һôֵֹģ
߷ߣǿ벻̣ûԲģҵʲôѽ
ִϵĳɫź֪ӦԼľٶЩᡪ˵δ๫ȻͦģѲɻǸͯӣѹָͨѾͷҲûС
ҲԼܻ̹ͣǡ
Űɡ
ִ˵ʵǰұǿҩģִδ̳мѧĿȾҲͨЩҽѵùһˣܵ̽̽ʵôȻѸܵʻ̣˭Ըλ飿
ƴ꣬Ҳһ
ִүǴ̥֢ô
˿ѻָյֻǶе㷺죬ɳϵĺƵġ
Ȼ
͹ˣԵСԣƱػ֢ɾִ۲죬λү˲Уȴģ֫Ҳȳơжµļ̱
ȻʲͬҲһֻƽ򸾰ܵһ˿һ𺦣˲顣ʱӶ߶Ӧòء
ֻ̼ͨѨİ취һļ䣬пһΡ
ִѶ泯Ŷ΢ЦүҳΪĦɡ
һġʲô۶ӣ
ִΪҴҴǣɵø̹Щģû⣬ֻǣҲүͷ˳Ϊ°ɣ
óλǸˣҲͬĽɡ첻͵Ͻȥײ˸š
㶮β
ִ̹ףƶǶɻҽգ
򣺡ԣ
ִĬȻ㲻˵ҵӦˡˣ۾պټ
Ĺ߲㣬ȥòЩҽһ˼·˳ɻ飬µͷȴ¡
Ĭţûá˵Իˣʵʵֻȵˡ
Ȼ˽Ҳô㼤ֻ֮һϣŮܽҽá㲻ܸΣ߳ȥҲá
ֽϷ뷨ȻǲִģñᡪӺɷ򣬺Сһ˴Ϊ顣
̷˶Ų͵ĽʱͿִʰ׼ˣЩᣬţ
˵Ҳ֣ȻŮӲʶ̷˾еġ
ֱִʲε
ִЦãĸ׻һȥء
ûŵĶϱȻ÷ô⡣
̷Ҳ뱻˵лͷ
Ӹղű㱻ӵĳȻڸУִ̧̧°ͣʾż໨ߴߡ
Ȼ֤С˵״ɣҤ˵˾ˡ
֮ˤǸ˫ƿͼ˳ְˡ
ִ;ʵں˼ȻЦɡôõĶɵӲŲҪ
̷Ƽüë˾֣һʱ·أôϬˣѵǣߣ
ִȥ󣬳̷˼æʶӣΣ
򵭵պϡ
΢ɼϳ˳±ĸ׷֣æȥ
̷ˣǿˡ
*
ִ˳Ϻæӭǰʵø죬㣬̼ûΪ㣿
ִ̧úϣұô
ЩãԼõģǻ

һʣõĸŮһ֮ѡ
ǿ΢ЦţҵȻǸ˼Ĺش󣬽Ǹջǰ಻ϰߡ
δ䣬ͼִǸľ̥ƵĵȻ˿ȡԭǹϹ¡
ôߴƣէһҶӵ˵ͩƵġ
˵˱סСӣ޲ѰطȥֻƴҲôҲŹˣȥ˵ա
ͷĵˣū֮ײߣд
ſǸʵʵţƤֽ²ش򿪣ҲܲµضϵȵĴġִʹʲôϵСĶסˣ
ǽ׮ôѵȱϱ˸㼢ʳðٰţ
ͷҲ벻ɡ
ִòŴϽȥ˵ռš
ϲĴֻλӶŮòãǷ˵ƢŹ֡飿
ִЦ棬Ҳδദ
ˣǳӲúúűûˣ˵ͨ񣬿ȴ֪ء
һų֮ģִȻʳԣĦķأҪͼӰЩĸɡ
ҩܻѪģʣһʱδܵ˾ƾ̼Ȫԭȴһζ²ĺҩ
ִʴϣ֮ǰЩƻô
Ȼ͹̫̫ƾִı֣Ȼȥ̫̫Ҫ
ϵͷУ¾һ̳
һŵĿҪʲô
ѵ²˳ƽһɲˣʱ̰֮ˣżҲСüŮ˼ҵ£Ϊʮ˽⡣
ȻܿŮ;
ִ챻ĸ׵Զ󿪸Цˣһ֧òģҪ˵ġ
ԶֻɵؿˣβɴãǸࣿ
ִĵǵȻΪİѽſڣỻͨҩơִĻ·棬Ҳ޸ɷ
ⶼԼʹǷģ°뱲ӵĲ


8 .  ⳥   ôȥ
ִɣǳǷת۾ѾͷưڴͷҲһС͵ĲżܣǴר빤ģڷŻƿЩ
ֱգⲩżܲʡ
ֺʧԣȥһٽѵ鲻Ըִ񡪡ҲƽƣһλǮƵδ̡
ǸĻû˵꣬˫ӱٿ㣬ܲܽӻȥ
㲻еˣҲһۿļֵûȥʣԸСҫһ
͵Ůӣʱʢ
ִ½ҹ֮ʲôöҴţȴԩͷؾܾС
ֺС죬һ죬㻹㡣
ִ裬ãɵͬã˵ִȡֽдʱδ飬⳥Ƿơ
ֺ쾪ˣ׽ûҪˣ˵һֻôôΪҲһѵļǮⶼϸһˡ
ܲͨһ
ִ˽ţֻܵͷдǰڿ㣬Ҳ䵱Ľ㡣
ֺĵҲûȻð˵㣬һֱǸִúһ֮أò
˾͵˵ģֺЩԼ˽ǮСЩò£㻹ʵʵڽϻѺ
ִ־ݣ̾ĪСҲǰЩõɼױȥġëϣ㵱Щ˶࿶أ
ֺȻ¶ͬ飬֤һϼӿܣʧ
ںͷ̿СһģƭȥˡǵɲǹеĶүԼأҪȥģ
*
ִӹڳ̳ҩƣĬһҽϵĿھȹӹؾȥ̼ҵ
ڸλˣռʱӷԵģĿбӵģ࿴ۡû˵ǻ˼һѽѵΪүŷܽѧ
氮ѽ
ִ֪ԣȻʵҲͷĲࡪΪ˰飬ҽ߸ĸİˡ
ؽžᳵ·ˣ̷˸ԾΪСŲռ䣬⵱ݡҪģȻϲִСҲҪ˵ʵһ飬һĸ
ദദȱ˴ȻͿ˳ˡ
ĸĳִǰȴ̧ͷ˼άпգ׽͸
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9 .     /յģզզʲô
Ծػ侲ܣһֻɱѣϵȵɲԣõӣִȻڶ
ִһĲҲŭֻ޵Īˣҵһףȱһֻ׵ļֵ㶼ˣ˵ҳļǮ㲻㹫

磬ִƽյģ󲢲öô׽棬ǹơǴѾͷͷ
Ѳ֪Ȧ׻ꣿ
ϾСĿֲ̿ܣǿŰˣȻֺȴץֱۣһܰ
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ִǰüë߷˿˿ƵЦ˵
źȻƵĶ㣬ʶֱۣʯ̨ɻصȥ


10 .     ʲôԼΪô
ɫʮѿԻڷʧԣʯ̨׽û˵͸ִͬĸɽˡִ֪ȪռЩر᲻ô
ڼҲòϣԼȷ˽ʮĸִĸʣ
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ͤɭϣÿר˸ɨִЦݸ΢ˣŶǺӻϣüëҧˣһû׶
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ˣǿŵǡЩţǵ޽ǡ
⼷ЩԵøЩҲ֪УЩǲΪ˵ġ
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11 .     İͷȻˡ
ִŹŴźȥƽ
ԼܿˣȻС쵰˽¸ʹӣسŵ¿ƵĹôšȻǲôǿǿ
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ΪʺԸִӣԸִʲô£δǹôƽִƵĻǰҲÿϱϲϵ̨档
Ĳִ֪һŲݰȷɵġ׽δʶ֣ʫȵʫᣬôʱ±ﲻ֣˵ˣֻƽᱻЦɣ
˭ģ
һַ֪ʺĸ¹̨͸ǰǱʫӿռҪʫܲñ֮ǰһģң¹ҲԱ߿أȥ
˰ʱǹʯ̨ȡһѪͷһͷĿѣ֮Ϥء
ýͣһϲҪȥʯϵȻ󣬲֮ǰƹЮŴĿⱼϮ
кؾôˣĸƵģ
˲ֻ࣬Щ£첽ߵߣ׼ٴǱʫ¡ȻϵǣǱһӺǶʯһ㣬ƾôƷ粻
ۿ׵ѵǰ޷ֻôҴ˺ȥʫеһҳ뻳Уƽ˳ȥ
˿ռ߽磬һ׺Хճȣǡǡűߡ
ǧһԼȻ
ɿҪʯ̨س룬Ȼŵһǿҵĺζ
ž˵ӰšİͷȻˡ


12 .     ̫Сˣвѽ
ƼŮݵشԾ£߲һĨεЦ㣬ϸˤţ
ִȴǲܲˣֱжԭʵΪھܶĸĻĽȴʼղ׽Ϊȵѹһͷ
һأִҪˣƷȪ֪ȻϣԼлϥ£οТ
ܵ䣬ʲôɣ
ΪŮ޷־ȥϵĺ飬֪̾ƽ㲻Ҳȥ̫ڿˡ
û׵ŮӣƵƵãл
ִٺЦţܵΪԼαЩô룿ǳȥаӰô
Ͼǵ¸̫ǿˣֱĵЩΪˣִųٳٲ͸¶׽¡
ϣͨԼǱĬãôᡪļֵͨͤͷ֣ͬҲֹİأֹ䲻Բ˫Ů
вִ뷨ŮƵƵ̼ȥǸеЩ˴Ѫףʮ꣬˲缺ĶȻҲͷΡ
ҲĬִֻŤͷ˵ˣ
ܳǸүָò
ִǵص۲ҸҲһݡ
̲סЦ˭ˣûûС
ˣǽŲմظŮȥԹϱѶԸŮĸͬദִ˾٣νֺã˭
ȴسŽϷ֭ˬźƬԳ̼ҵһ˿Ҳûˡ
ִЦĵΣ
ϺŮĳգһ뵽ũģ⻬һ˿
ûշô
룬ڣ񲻶һžôִڴϻУСһĸؿڡ
Ｘһ̲ˮŶֹЩ٣ֶĻϲûУͻ߶еͻ綼ֻһ˹ȥĸģ
Ҷʺﴦ¹ʣ©򣬴öôܣ
ԽԽòƽ䵹ѰΣһȦͷǶź챦ʯѵõиʮʱµĹ˵һ
ĸţԭҵʱĸҵģһֱûô㽻գѵýһ˹óɫЩҲý˿ᡣ
˿װͲŴЩ١
ִжѣѹ׵ıóɱǼƥƮƮĳǿˡ
֣صؽӹһת˵ĶŴźжģȥ
ȻĹذã⻪ޱȵȦкηӦأԭŮǸԱ֯ɵìܲܲ˴̼
ִ뿴
ϵõķ纮δȬЩմãȺЩͰɡ
̫ʧˣִΪϧ˵һҲ̫˰ɣѰð˲߰ܺãȥ͸óɷˡ
*
ԭΪӲˬеͻᣬȻʽǿų
ֹ԰ӶЩģҪڼЪЪ
ЦţףѴˣûµġ
˵ȴٲȻΪҵǿӦս˽ȥĴӡ
ֹȻжǷԽ鷿ǼƤȡΪڼϡ
õ٣ڵ⣬ȻƳִǸӲӵȦЦݱȻֹ
ȻϵǴϵޣ֮ǰֹΣ϶˵̫ˣţȻִջϱ㼱Ϊϡ˵ƫģ
ͿһӶСҲ̫ǿˣ·ϰɣ
ҺãѾߵһѷˮƽЩʹ޵ȴִͬк㣬ϳɡ
ִͻ磬ԭŮƢôʺѹȺȴ͵ǵױعһ򵥵˿ͷ±ע⵽Ƶġ
էһΪǴǸ
˵ķǲ˵㣿֪ԭִĽľһͷں㷢ıʴȥҲ
ڣһ컯վţϾԼͺӡ˭֪߻᲻ٷһըף
ִ֮Ҳ˳ȴСʫ䣬Ϊٵʫ׼
෴ȴĿ񣬻лһµţƤֽէһĴշƵġ
Ц֪ȥ˴ʣŪӵȵܡʶǱһףﾪЧֻ·ָָ㣬Ц
мִΪ飬һ¹밲ȥˡ
ִϤ·;ڳһģʵ̫ʿʺأū澹ɡ
ִܾȣΪʺ㲻ˣΪλҪ˽¼Ҳ̫˰ա
еСأ
Ҷ̻ʺΪ˺ִȫȴƽϣЦӯӯ֣ñϸơ
ִֻȥûԼ̫ޣڵĲã֪̻ʺǸʫˡ
ǳ̻ʺƬ̣ȴЦüϲǸúӡ
ִ
ǿ޿ɿô˵ƨɴء
ִѵ¶̬ˡ
ףʺӭ뻹Ϊƽӡ̻ʺԭƽףû̷һɩ
ȻͬΪϣ̻ʺȴǵвһ֧»̫ӣ̫⣬ԭ㽫Ϸ˭ȵһʥּǿս˸ϡ̻ʺ겻ǵλµӣҸҲֻǸͨͨƷ٣֪˵ͷ⸣䵽ϡ
ѹֵ淡Ĺ»޵ҧΪ̻ʺλã̻ʺݡ
ʵִ¹ʵں޴ˣ̻ʺʲôɣȵɵӣ˲̫ᣬ췴֮ûгϣҲѡһƽƽֲ̫ϡµĸ׵ʱϽٽһεȿ£ĸݲĸС
¶Ϊɵûλ֮̽ұȨȥˡҲΨ˷İ
ִ˼ţһ۵Сƨ߹ϥǰš
Ҫִ̽ץ˰Ǹ
Żͷñްһ̻ܵʺǰȥûʺΪֽ
ʺӵĺףƤöСЦˡ
ԭλǻʺĶӹԣִǻȻʣѹԭźúõĵӲҪȥһӡ̫Сˣòѽ


13 .  ʫ   ˭֪̻ʺĿһ۱㿴
̻ʺǣ۾ȴסЦŽܣǳͤ㡣
ͷñִһۣػɩ
ִ
С
ҲֻЦеĿ棬£ɩ̫磬û꣬ǵòġ
һƲŤͷŮȥˡ
̻ʺ¿˻ִʵڻ䣬ԭ˵Ǵģ̻ʺҲŮӻײͨţɩ۹áǳ̷һʣִں飿
ײȣ̻ʺִ˼Ȳ裬ҪﱸʫᣬͲˡ
ִЦ£ŮҪˡ
ʺ̧֣̫ãͷЩСֻ¾͸Ļʺ˽ˡ
̻ʺӡãҲȷʵе㵣ִܷӦԣ硪ǿٳɣĲⶫȴҪ츳ִЩ꣬οܹʫ
̻ʺѯʣ磬׽
ܽĶ붼ʵѧ̻ʺ߾вپͨĺˣȻҲ̫עĿֻҪһйоصʫܶԸȥˡ
ִҡͷл⣬ŮжԲߡ
̻ʺֻͿͣǲżߵСȴſڣƺ᲻ִƵġҲ᲻ǡ
ִԻ˻֣ʾպлĻ
Сȥ
ִЦʵڲԸǸġǵԭĸ³Σ¹Ķӵǻ̻ʺӱȻùա
ִҡҡͷԼ;δ֮оȫˣʱֲתֻܼķΧڶĸһ㣬ٺһ㣬Ҳʶһ
԰ڹŮȺһ˵Ȼ࣬ȴֳܵС壬˴֮ݷˮйִͨѧ߸ȴ˰˸Ⱥʢ
ûŸ¹ĵ֣ȴ֪һһŮǿ˽½ִۣǳ̻ʺֶϱʺһӦõģûӹ·ʲô
ҵλСȻò죬֮ȴԼͬΪзԷĽ㡣
ִڶֻûھвʾɣȻҲû˵˶Եɪηӣ󷽷أԴڼɽʯϣɫʰ쵾ʳ㡣
ɵǧ˳Ƭ̣˦֣ͬ߹Ľûˮţϲһβȥ
ʺǫͣӲС¡ȻЩ˿ѹ磬˰ˡ
νԹʲôһﳤ椣㶼ֲأĶιʲô𡣡
ִȻͷֻ֪Եʳ¶Ҫɾ
ʵ̲סЦ
ߣһţκȥ
ִпոڨ˵ôһ𣿡
ľһµСģȴ֮һͲǺǵġ
¶Ȼ֮ŮȴֻĸȲó裬Լֲýʣھ˵֪Ļ˶ûСθ׵ĹְߣǼǮҲɢҪ壬±ֻ
صʫᣬҲγ棬ӳǽһλԲڵġ
ʵԼĲѧ㲻ֻӣ⣬Ҳ֪ˡ
ִĮԼ£Լżɣα⣿жˣ죬Щȫ𣿡
һһֱŬıԼӦΧ˶ԼԤڣʲôôأģһİˡ
ִĻȴͬඥѽ׼ΪʲôҪܱô룬ڼıɡ
뵽˴˺ƷͳֽʣڼɽʯϷ飬֮䣬һתСʫѸɡ
˳һֻˬĳִлָ㣬һϯʤʮ飬֪л۸֮ˡ
ִĪ˭˵ˣ˵Щ㡣
Ȼòiȴôã컨ƵģԵöӹԲȴΪΧʳΨ˺󣬻ƴȥٳԾ͸óŻˡ
ˣ
ȻоĴˡ
*
Ůùһֲ󣬻ʺ˲١Ȼ¹ȹӣ˲ˮ̫ȣȷ硪¹ߵʮŮ˰衣
ѹڹŮǶضҲ̫ƨˡ
ŮӵԵ㲻ϺãִǸҹ㴦ԭ˵̫㣬˭ʼɡ
ִòǿʶѧ峵յʫᣬȻÿװɣ
ȻִŸһģȴ޶˸еУƲΣͰ͵ִ󡪡Ҳ±˵ƨɡ
ִ۴ͷλǰܺڱ¹ȴЩȻҲûܾķ̡
֪λǸ̰ͼܵˣܷηδĸҲÿĹˡ
̻ʺ󻷹⣬Ŀִͣһ˲δයֻؾͻɡ
еĹһҲֺʲôѩɰ˪̨ӦоУǱڿռЩǲ˵˼
˵ôûЩϲҫò˽
ִɨ˺ü飬Ҳûһڵģʧ
˿ҲţǿռҲֶʲ¹˺üЩΪϧûȿºڣȻ͸ˡ
΢΢Ǻ̧˶վŮǰżһ״ʣΪʺؼѽ֮ϲ
˵գ˳
յġ괺
ִڶȷиʫ֮ңԼдһֻ޶ġ
յĴһδ䣬ڳŮǱ¶Ȼ֪յĿˡ
̻ʺͣЦʵǵãǰΪҲһ״ʣ
Цǡ
̻ʺЦЩҡȵˣΪǴ죬ȴﾰ˱ȴֵߵǲǻһã
ִȻԭŮ͸¹Ĵǡʱȷʵڽջáδ֪ûʺҲҪͻ磬ֳֻðˡȻעⲻʱ⡣
˭֪̻ʺĿһ۱㿴еΡ
Ľڵ⣬䲻ôһʣɫʱӲޱȣ亹Ҳ乶¡


14 .  ͷ   ģ˻á
Գ̻ʺڵʣͷǣȴ֧֧ᣬһ仰˵
ڹŮ״˽ĪλвǧҲ֮еĲһ׽ʣô᷸˵͵ȵĴ
˿ɾͺЦˣС㲢ǳͤճũ֮ŮĶӻ
¹࣬ȻҲ˭ƽߵý¹òվ˵仰Ҳ̫ͱЩЩѰ֮Ѳɻȥɹƾģôﲻڽɼǡ
ִòλĿڳݣڵ˵ɰ׵ģ˵ģȻܽĶˢӡ
ҽǻʺٰͻ磬¹ȴһϮ̺쳤£ĵ˱ȻӲʺ󶼸ѹȥɼλơ
ƽ̻ʺ֣ɽټҹŮڲִֶ࣬ϱ̻ʺ󲻿ʧӣˣСġΪ⣬׳ҲôոĽȫ
¹Ϊ⣬˴ʣܾͱһװɣӲҲܴռƪĿʾС
ȻעҪʧˡʱ׵ֻüʫϵһҳȻҲֻǵһף˵ˣҪϰסѣһɶˡ
¹ݲҰףҡҡ׹ҧгݣôˣ
ô˿أѵҪڻʺǰ
ʵں£ֲӲͷƤֻѣģ̫Ѩе㲻
̻ʺһ֮еı飬Ǿ͵ЪЪɡ
¹ɫܵγˮˣﻹõĶ
Ůǰ׿һϷһ龫ʼˣǽķӡټ٣ҲѾ
Сּûװʿ񣬵µţҲһ
̻ʺ˸ɰͷöյǳ𣬴ĥʮϸ¡
˿طһִõõġ
ִǲǳԴҩˣ
˿ִ⻹⣬ر߸Ƿڽʯ֮ԣˣħ˼Ȫӿ
ˣִھǵΨһֿѣ˭ȡݵλ
ִ̫˰ɣ
˵ĸԣִĬˡѶ·
ִֵˣ׼Ρ֡
˶Ϊ˰ѺѾ⵽ɣִʫд֮ӣͤΪָժνۡȺּ
̻ʺ㣬ӣ£Ǽҳ֣㲻ʲô¡
¹ղſɲô˵ġ
ôˣ
ִӭ̽˷ܵĿ⣬̹ȻǸֽȡ
µߣϣִ»ԼЩƨͨʫ䣬ѴעⶼȥԼͰȫˡ
ȻԾǣִʮָҲֲִڣֻǣ൱ƽȤ
Ҳƽƽʫ˰ɣ
¹Ц紺ʢţȴ޳ҴŵĴ󱦱ˡϲ
ڳҲŸ˵ʵִǸţƤֽͳʱǻ滣һжӣ˶ʫ䣿
֪ǲֵǮĶˣѹ
̻ʺ󵭵㼱ʲô˵
ε춼ֵˣۿִݲȵУ޲ӶЦС㣬Ȱ㻹ǱǿˣǱһףҲЦ󷽶ѡ
Ȼִ鲢ïʶ¹ϵĳЦȴʧ٣
ΣʫҲܱж
ɻĿ⣬̻ʺЦǱʫ
ˣԭˡ
Ȼʥ֮˭¶񲻳˶Ա²θǵһ죬޲÷ϣִ֪ƻк֣Ҳ˵Щ
ִһʫŽǸֽʵʺǰŮ֪ڲçЦ󷽣ֳ¼¾ԴʥҲο˼֮ࡣ
̻ʺ˹ǰֱִ̾úӣˡ
¹һԿţĿ⼸ˡһһС˳Ϸ˽գƱػ˳Ҿ̻ʺҲõϾЩʫΪο˼ء
ʵ¹ʵˣִȲδˣ̻ʺٳӦ伫ǿϵúðˡ
ˣ̻ʺһϵνȫʤ¹޹⣬ֲϤʵʫԼδʵ۷ϡ⻰ȥɲ
¹̲סЦС㵱䳤ôǺԷѧʿԶ㡣
ִ˽˲ι̹ϲѣΪл̧
¹ڳô
ûƤûĶ֣Ҳûӣñһȭ޻ϣ¹ֻǿЦȤ
Կ佱ڹŮȻǿⲻǴִΪʥϸ蹦̵£ֻҪǻʵ¹ƨͨҲܿ
£ۿִǹһ㱻ӵţԹԣɾˣҲ˳˶ĬĪǶԻʵʫкβô
֮ǰǶ裬絶֫Щһȳһյعʱȴϱĸ³çСӰһ£ڵء
ѵҪҳ֮ˣ˭̧֪ͷʱȴ첻ѵĿ⡣
죬ģͷôˣ
ʶǿ鷽֪ʱѾ䣬ָⴥģսֱ֮òβڷ
ĳŮ˿ίΪ٣Ѱû¶ο巢֮ĸһ˵Ĺѵǵ˽Ѣ񮴯֮缲˭ͷ϶ӡ
ģ˻ʲô񲡡
볯˰벽¹¶ʶ˸䡪˺üأԼҲȾʭ˰ɣ
̫ˡ


15 .  ʩ   ȵȣ˵ǻү
԰е⣬ͻ󲻻ɢ
ȥ·ϣʼƲ֣ģ޲ôһԱͷҲˣƾƵҷɢš
ִۿţ԰οϲҡУ͵ʱ׼ԲȥⶼҵġȻ֪ǵ˽Ѣö˶˵ΪʲôҪأѲɸǻصüëһҲǱ׸ˣ
ⲻܣһܱΣҲ̫ˡ
ڵģǸơ
ֹһ³˵ͻ£ΪִۣҪʡȥҪȥûǽͱһʲôʫ
˭֪ĿãȻĹˣȴɥ
ֹôĲ̫һ
µּǸ̫ȽȽ̻ʺĿִͣ
ֹ裬˭ϵôˣ
ƹƤЦⲻЦʺּСƽʮƥ
ڶС㼸ϣֹɵҲִͶ˻ʺԵѾͷȻˢӡ
æشŮ£л
̫˿ȣﻹˣСഺ٣Ƽ£»ؽЩѣӸˡ
ִʹ͡
ֹȻȷô乫˼ƽɲСĿöĶׯ
ɻ̫඼ô˵ˣֹҲֻЦӦõģӦõġ
Ŀǽ̧ȥִУˮ
ֹҪ˺Ȳ裬̫һۣȴˣЩţ̫ҽԺū鲻á
ֹεȾ³ºСŮйأĽ̫һԣ˶ӣؾʵ桪кðҲ跨貹
̫Ǯ֣ҲӣͲӰʲô˵ˣЦеֹǺøŮɫôĽ
ֹգȴ߻̫࣬ѹŭ
ִ֪Լ˿ӦرܣʶȤŮȥ᷿ףױ𼱣ӾͲˡ
˵գسŶȥ
ⷬϽ͵Ļĸǳȵףģʾ׸мҷءִ˵ȥ᷿ȻǽϰסôϹ顣
Ҳͷһηԭôۣսŵʱװ֪֪治֪ģ
Ը׵ʣŵ治ĵģЩʫһʱûţֻȥʳ˴ʣܵ˳ɣ
ֹɫЩʫʲ徫ԢԶ֣֮Ϊ˵ʱż֮Ѿ䡣
ֻǣӽڻʺǰıʵȱţ䲻ֲǰ߲ʫҲҪװܹȥɣ
һ£ĲƱػۿۣ֪ж˼ڿЦڸҹ
ֹ̾һͷô£
ȻԼ⵽׻ֻ˵ˣû£ЩﶼӦõģƾʲôʹã
ԾɰǴдŮţŮ͵ڷջ٣ȴƷ򣬰˿ȥһأ뷨ڣ˭ʺ͹ᡣ
ֹ׵Ҽǵ֮ǰչһأҸдţ
һ½ǵѪ֮꣬鲻ѡ
ֹü֮Ҳ̫ˣβЩף͵͵ô£
ٸţ㽻ȥ˵
á
ֻԼٲУȻûƾձЩΪһ˽´û͹Ҳ㷣ǲ氮أ
*
ִܲŮĸԼǼ򵥶ˬһߣ˸߶Ƕӡ
صƽʫϵļȤ˵˳лԼİ
ڹн㣬ź׼ЩʫֹҲŪִʵڲȥɫ
ƳһۣС£ҳݡ漴һת˵˰һЩǣ
ִףĶĿ֮ͨ
ѯʣٿ𣿡
ִС
Ӻɰ˼ųۿİֽʳƤһؾ׽ţ˵ʲô
үڡСܵĴףһʮޣëɣ
ƽʱʳ׾ЩҲڲԱ鰸ִźءΪӦƢθĽ䷽ø嵭
ȴ۲öˣ⡣
Ƕҡͷԣϧ̲סʣҲģ
ǡֲִǸAΣֵҽֵӣüְĦŮɣܵġ
ǳɲܣ´ĸҡ
ִô߰Сӡ
һ룬ҲѰ죬ǰʱżҲЩи⡢׹ը黨֮࣬ԼԼǵò裬ǸףѿǾֳɵģǽЩ֥顢Ρʣٵģ̾ͳˡ
öˣܷеĳ̻ʺӣӵɻʵۣպܵǸɣǰˣպɶɽ
ü䣬ͬƽƽ˼Ƶģ̲ס̧°ͣЩˮˡ
ִüԣˮڱǣûϢ
ͷֳ͵Ժмɣ촽ţӶһΨż¶ĺԿô⡪Ǿĥļɡ
ִȻã˵ǼӦúܲ
͵͵۳ƬĴִֹ꣬Լ뷨跨ת˻⣬үΪýѨɣ
մһ׽һ£ִԾָвʱɽˡ
ûʣԹԵĽ£ְҪȫ𣿡
ǶȣƼĲӰٸ΢ŮǼ̫Եʡ
ǴӲ濴ԵӢʾͺˣһʵĵĥʮ־ɣŷС
ִһ񣬡ãɡ
ֻϰ֡
Щദ㹻ִǰӣ뵽Լִ˵ڡʶһ㡣
ִļ米ոռӹڣ˵ķҰǼչʮֽ˶ֻűļ⣬԰Ƥ£ԼܿʵѪܡ
Ƿ롣
ִѨһö룬ָ⻺룬ʵʹ𣿡
Ǻʹ΢΢ü
ϰ磬ԴǸСִŷĴ룬ʩ롣
żȻӴ¾ⷬԻʶһ𣬽ŲҲסˡ
ʲôʹʹģѲɡȵȣ˵ǻүҲ̫뺷˰ɣ
±ȥȰֹתһ룬˼Сڵ£ҪԼʲôģΪȻЩΪ񷨲ݣЩΪүӣҲܸ˵ġ
еŲˡ


16 .  ׹   ԭŮб֢
԰˳ֱһѵ⣬ȻƣǶһͷҷҲҵͷҹ䣬˭Ϊ磬ֻðӼ˿ٳȥ
ɺ޵¹ǰĺôʲôĵȪƣһ£㽫ģûĸεĸҲ޷ֻܼպ³м̴ͳ¹˾Ļ꣬ԼĺӲˡ
ǵЩڷȪˮҪЩԾ˿˿ġ
ÿ춼Ҫ巢ˮ͵͵ȪҲҹ࣬Ч̫ã˵
֮⣬ҪøʽⳤУúʹǰһںйϣԼٳڹǰʱֵԼ
ԡ֮Ůīױϻϵ͸ȡīȴѾˡ
üһô죿
漴õ֬ˮһƵġϵĶຬǦۣɲġ
æ˲ڿռЩҲȡԡõȻͿˡ
ͷ룬ǾͽöҲһ
ǵûʺִƿĹͣõĶȻǺöҲױΣαذ׷˷أ
īȴЩλСϵãٸǱߵ߶ָûңǻʺ͵ģôҪأСϣǿȡ᣿
õĶ
ִŻգǸֲűһɧƽŵѸȥģˣᡣ
ҲǷҪͷͲɣͷԽ㣬Խޣ¶˵ȡ˼ñ­ʪ㷢ȥ
ִڼңſڣ˸ЦСȥˣɡ
ӲĵãҾ㶫
˵գ裬Դ˽ȥȻǹͷ;ͷڴ̨ϣƿǶδ˵ɽԲϸúö
ش뻳УҪȥȻƳµ¸죬һƿ˷ҩơ
ⲻôϵζȪˮе
ֻһͷΪ˶ôأأȴ͵͵ȳ²֡
⻹㣬ɨһۣȻƲ޻żͷϡϡżöϸ룬ⲻ״ʤ֮ô
ִӳ̼һ˵в֮ʹ룬üͷãǸʲôԼ˵
Ц㻹˵ҵҪ㣬ҩƼʱ
ִ䵹ҳĶ֪ⶨڹµ̳Ʊˡ
ԭΪβõģִֺδȻ󣬡ĸ׸ҵġ
Ҳţ˽ҵĶǸ
ʲִ䣬ȥ֪ͨ˴ϣϸϵĻǳûûС㣡
ίǽ͵ҵĶ޲˵ػţֻȥ
ִòֱľװ˹ԵģͰ׽һСĸŮ
ʼĩ˷ͷȷҸģû˵һҲòŴСеѽ
ϲ֪ȪˮãȻͲ⣬Ὣҩƿϧ֪ģǲԸִ˱ˣ·ǺùˣԼͻ᲻Ƶġ
߷ߵЩżô˵׹ңĸ׿Ҳ޹ؽҪô
ԽԽÿ϶ԼεùִԵʣɣνռ䶼Уа
ִ
б֢
ø񾭲ϾƾϳͣǴϰ뷨õĲżƽԲڴУֻԾ
ҧ촽ɲִҽΪ˺ƭϵдǣ˵ԼĿԷЩֻջͷһΣֻ˾͸ҪԼˡ
ִɲƢͣǸɴĵҲҪ֤ݣûԹ⻹ûܣҪ̳㣬ܵðֿȥɣȻСϵļĹ뷿ܵéȥˣǻƨ
Լиݣƾôף϶ƽϣԽǰúõĸ磬ǱϲƽǼ˴ˣЩɱģ
Ȼֱ׵ķ̣ˣƫƫѧĶĴž䣬۳ܣһٸִĶ֡
۾ƺҪεִԽʲԣ˵͵ҩƣҷǸ֪ĸ׵ģö˵ҷûʺʹͣʿ˭ˣ
ȻһãִȻƽϣҲƽϣңԼҲûô
Ѿڴн˲ӡ֣ƾαף϶Ҳ磬ǵȡö
Ϊĸϱ˭ϣŮӺദǷ
ԴӴؼ֮ƢԽԽˣƺһţΪʼɣŨص̶ֳȣҲС
бҪĥһĥӣϵӽף㶼ڸкú¾Ͳسȥˡ
Ϊϸ˿ҵЦҵŮòѧΣΪٵù䣬Ǿӵ¡
ЩɼϴɫֻǿӦʲô
ִϿһۣ̾ò£ƽϣֻǸӡ
룬ǻ£׽ʳ㽾ݣһίܲãǴ˵飬ü󷽣ҼŮӶûеġ
ִЦҵȻ⡣
ȷʵǸ軵˵ĺӣ˳˳ˮˣԣͷϵһЩðִ÷ϣЩģǾͱˡ
Ļ·͸¶˵ʲôֱԼ׹ƺˣɼԼõùЩΪʲôأ
ϸ룬ƺԴӳʼͲôˣϵĥý㸮е;أѲɣʲôϵ
ִͷͻͻһ
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ֹϸ˵յľףѶϼµΣҿ罫ͻԼȥˣЩ꣬Լġ
ֹŹٷֲһȻܸߴϣʵŮ׽δﳼֹ֮ôҲܽӻظԼǰ̡
ˣҲӦ˰ϣὫߺú࣬ҲԼһ
ֹŴϵļһΪĸȥ䰮ЩŤǺͯƢˣͺˡ
Ҫģ˴ףŮ޹ȥܵʲôôϲƽǸˣ䵱δɡ
ϲ֪ɷ˼ǣҲţۿɷ糣ǰҪѣȴס֣㵽ȥЪɡ
ֹǸԶˣǶԼլȴܵüϣΣֻ檣λޣһͷҲضʮЪڴϷˣЩͬŶ˵ǸѵõĹˡ
ϸαװصľܾʵֹ֮⣬˵ʵȻľګ˵㣬ʼ΢ȱٷ飬ֶ˷֮˻ͦ˵ġ
ֹϲǿֻһͽһ곤ȥˡǸѲòֹҲҪֻ̣ǿʫ飬̸£żҲȥЪһΣ˯
˾ȻΪ֤ꡣ
᷿һǹµƣȴĬĬغ£ֵǣȻ
ֹӰûôˡ


17 .     ѵ㻹ĥԣ
˵ֹȥ檷Уа⣬õڰɫ˭дƫִţģɴΪĸ¹ƫвŶԡ
Լ˷ִȴö˶˵ģԵñ˯㣬ƾʲô
޶żִҲĴû⣬ȻǣֻǷĲƷ
һֹƫǶĸŮأ
ִææϵĸ׷УǰοĪҪί˭֪ȴû£ԼҪ޵ġ
ִ
ƣڴ϶ԻͷһأֹԼԾС
üģû죬ֻǡദЩ꣬ҺԽԽ͸ˡ
Լ
ִ²⣬ϴѾɣŻǨŭɷϡŮЩ죬ֹȻɶȴԶ׼ƫ
ΪӵҲãܷϴδֹ֪֮Ҫųߵ㣬Ҳñֵԡ
ңʱ¶ָ׷ҲǴϴδġ
̾Ҳһ죬ҪͻԼȥ㸸׾ͼææҲƵġʵҲ˵˵Щ꣬þʹأ
ǣֹеȣϲῴ˾͸Ϳˡֹæڹ񣬵տʱЩ˾ˣʵ벻ס
ִΨĬȻԭʵǸܵˣǶƽ֮Ů׽¡żȻϼֹһġʱѹ֪׽Ĵڡ
ֹȻ˰׽Ǻ˼ľ޴蹵ʱǡñһ̰۰ǮתƽھŲϺţɼʾ޸ҵֹǿŴϵ޳ɹΣ񲿣ڳһϯ֮ء
ԾǷˣοϵòƢһһĺãֹҲʹģؼϹӡȻҲûǶһİ׽ԽԼȥΪ˲δ˶ǣ͵͵Ա˴Ӵ̼
ֹģҲ뾡ӵı֣ɷٴӲʡοֹʵαװϸӲֱ׽Ͼ֮ǰ϶ΪԼ۹ҸŮˡ
׽ݽ¶󣬴ϵʧȥģʱ׼ҿŴԩ׽Ҳڹ·ﳼ֮󣬴ֹ˰׽ҡοиŮȣһ㡣
ʱŷֹı࣬ûа飬궼ֻɵһ㱻ƭʮ꣬Ĵ֮־ִżҵجģʵڳŲȥʹһ겻ҽҩա
ִĸ绪ӣ룬ֹĿҲǺ£һ´ܲ˴̼Ҳûг֤ݣû¶˵˽顣
ûĸԤҲֹнԶ
áִϣĸױΪտĶʸһ׽δزеڶֹ֡ҲûôӰ׽ϲϵƤ࣬Ҳ̰׽-壬ǳ˾Ƚϡ顱ˡ
ֻҪܹ˭Ҳ˺ա
ִ˰ĸϥͷ˵ģܽ£Ҷģ˭뽫Ƿֿ
Ц㶼ˣ˵Щ
ִƤû̧һ£ż
ĵתɾܹ֮кһξ룬ûԲȻؼŰá
϶㵱ȻֵڣɳأͲЩţ
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ͺûô˧ִҲδػ׼޸
Ҳûչ˳һӣȳѲеˣɥȪȻһֵðؽڣ֮һϣȫʱִһź飬լۡϽӹȥ
ɲʲô氮һҪ˵Ļ氮ǴϺӡ
ĥ˵С㡣
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Žڷⲽ䲻ȴ˸磬Сʶ֡
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֪˵С㡣ϻһᣬүһٹ䡪ﻹʩ룬йŮںߺģǸ˶ò
Ȼˡ
Ц⻹ء
ִ˵ʩ벻Ħܿ鲡˵Ϊڻָһ˹ָͷŸչ졣
ֲֹõĴ򣬺αʱ
ִֻǣҲ˵˵Ȼôƺģ˭ܵˣ
ĵ㶼˶ʮˣǰôԹҪҪˣԼĮ˹үˡ
ûõı£ӿãֻõͤĴСڼڶ£Լ˵˵ա
룬ͤдϲԼΪ÷ǲǸȥͼޣȱˮƣսָ֧Ҳܶվһӡ
úִ̩ɽǰ治ɫģ͵Źȥøһϲ˹ĵķҲɰɣ
ȳ̷˹æһѹȡ
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ĵɾ׷ùǵͷߣЩ˸á
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£òŮţȢϱǼ޶ѽ
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ϱһ˼ݵ̵ɵŮֻܲ࣬ΪѣַͣҲѧЩü۸ߵ͡
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ֻñסַĸ첲ý㣬Ъôһ󴮵£ֽʼ²źء
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ִĵ˱ʲô
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˵Żֺֻֽһõ״Ŷˣ֮ǰá
ֺһʹ㣬˵һϺ飬Ƕϼϣ֪ܷ񿪿۽磿
ַ΢ʲô򣬱˵
ǼܲסֺĥӲݣֻòȥԺȡ
ִͷߵⰲɲѵ㻹ĥԣ


18 .  췣   һ磬ֻרΪ桭
Щڣ㶢ʲô
ִЦý첻ô죬Ҳ˵һ䣬Ҳһڡ
˵Ҳд
Ϊ˱ӣ֮ľףɱִôһ˵ԵԼμɡַֻҪյǶš
ִע⵽΢΢һСʧ̬ΪţΪ˷ܡ֮
Ҫˡ
ȻԺȥȡ͸ɫػү͵񲻼ˡ
ʲôַ󾪣Ϻ㲻϶ôѵʮϡ򵽣ǵɫģϲַòˣһֱױϻĳͷһôȻᶪʧ
ֺ˿̽ìͷ׼ִЩ춼Ƕ󣬺ʹ飬͵ȥ˰ɣ
ִһۣΪ㣿
ֺͨ죬ȻǵԼǼɵ£Ҳδ͵ģͽǡͬ
ִһйĵ˻ûٳòᣬ̽ҲԤƺõģôƫƫ
ôһ룬и˱൱ɡ
ӴִĿ⣬ʶͷɤӣǺȷվҺ񡭡ڶķ￴һۺ飬԰ɣ
ִЦЦҳԣ˵ȷۿô
ֺôƭˣһʵġ
ִɨһۣŶ㻹ʵ
ֺԼŽˡ
޶ѲƫƫսֺΪƲɣԼſڣԵ̫ˡ
ִɲģӿ϶ΪΪͻ˳󣬶Լ¶˷ͷޣС˵Ҳ̫խˡ
δַᣬִŤͷߵ㣬֮ҵǺҪ
ַЩģĺӣûʲôʶһʱȥ԰ڣɼִ⸱̹̹ģ֪˽ġ
ַףãĸСѾͷ֮Ҳ˵ҿ̷赽ȥʣԩ˺ˡ
̷ޣԲŮʹģֶȻȱ
еż͸С뷿ȥ߲¶һĨЦ
ִȻпռңĶﶼɣһȻڻ¡Ҫ˽͵˵ԼУν֪
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̷ܿǺ¶ɫ
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֤֤ڣۿʵִֻ̹Ȼվ˵ˣ﷢ֵġ
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ִؿҸģãҲң
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ֺƲƲ죬һӾͻϡ࣬ȻԼǼɺεȶһѱһص顣
ЩģַԸƣҲûӣֻǰ˳ִѣ㣬ѵô㲻ƽϣҲȻȥôúЪЪɡ
ִȴѸٵ˦ʹ㲻׷ɽû⸮ƱһͿպĸ˶ĵͷϣܲˣôߡ
ĿռǸܣִֻ֪ȴû֤סҲ֪û˻š
ֻܲùϵı취Ƴȭֱָָʣ˵˽ԵԴ֮ܽ׺䶥ó
ַ΢΢üã㡭
˵طصĶģִȴѶԭ̫ʲôӦ˶ţûбܱʾƷ
һһģգơ
רעع۲䲻ȴִɱڵãˡ
˭վ֤ģִȻϷŹ
һʱҡ
СĶĿתߣﻢ£ֻѧִģصؾ죬аԣܽС
δ꣬Ժǿƹ֮䣬һƲХ£ǰǿÿήѾõˣ¶һڵĴӡ
ŵĵ㺮ͷ絷صֶ㣬͵ģ͵ģ
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ȻԤϵ飬Һģִֻҳԭ࣬û뵽ķӦ̫󣬾ȻԼȫйˡ
ֻƵڵſ˺һ̧ͷƿɢа֮
һ磬ֻרΪ췣
Լǵù͸ˡ


19 .  ÷   ɣһ᲻ã
콵öˣֺ춼죬ȫûյĴ
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鼱֮£˵ĻȻ޿棬֤ʵִǱԩģס
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ȴִãҲãô㡣
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ַڼ಻ֻ֦¾ʹգ⴫ֻǣ뻹Ǹ֪һ
󷿲֮£ҪҲֹ
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ʵͲסˣʹ飬ݺãô󷿸϶ԩ˴үΪ˸Ͳ˵ʲô𣿡
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ҲʵûݺıҪûеСų¼ʫֵûʺģʵѧԶһò̳԰ϵʤô㵹Ϊȹ֮
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ٲԼΪڷꡣ
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Ƕǿ㴩ЩģȻ˳¶ѿǲüȲϸҲũ֮ͼĴţҹӴѰġ
ñȳģ㣬ˣԸá
ִеǿ֢̣˵ͼµĸ㣬˰ɡ
Լ͵͵˼˽´˯ôЩ˿Уðײá±˿ʽģǵʱ˵Ľˡ
˯ȻҪͼʣøƵģ̳
˵ЩΪ˽ǣȴϳֻ࣬λδִ󵨣Сô˽ܵͣǴҪһ˰ɣ
ĿڣֻǴͨͨЩ
ЩȴѳζѰֻù¹죬Ļ£ô죿
ִʲô԰æﱸ
ִòع֣أһӣƷѣͳҲֻµǮ͵̫ҲֻĴ˽ֹ֪Ҳס
ַԾǸʲôȻܵġ
ִͥƬ׼ӵ÷΢𴦣Ӣͷף˵ʤաڵүģһ÷ɡ
ŵ£ּ׵ʹŶһʱ侹óˡ
ִͷıһࡣ
ɣһ᲻ã


20 .     ̫ͻˣǺã
ִ︹Сع񣬿ڲԵصû⣬ȥɡ
ִ
ֻҪһȴһƬɭ֣̫ɵ̫󷽣
ųԵݣִﻹͦжģүҪҲò࣬һ͹ˡ
ԭΪԾǷ飬ַͨʽֲ
ΨĬȻҲ˵׼ԼŮӻź飬һ仰ǧټˡǼ򵥵ܽ͡
˼䣬ִ뷨С
Щᣬھô
ִЦŵͷʣһأ»
ֲµʮ޺ľǧٿ׵ѭ򽥽ΪˡǻѨλ̫ΡλβִôţҲǰ裬ȥ˵ƨɡ
οۣ˽¸֪һλСү׼ˣٹ
˵˻֪֮ģССȸԾŴҽͷʹҹʧ߶Σ֪кηӽȣ
ûҲҳЩ˵´μֵúü֮ˡ
ִȴ룬үϾаѹٻѨ˴λڶĿѣʧߣ
³⣬ʾᰴ­˫֮ߴ
ĲɣûעѨֻʮָϸ䲻ôӨף͸ǳǳɫҲֶ֮
Ϊϡǣ͵ŮˮƵָף޼Ϊʩ롣
ŮΪҲ̫ˡ̾Ϊϸ¡
ִ
һ֪λүʲôҲϲױ֮ˣָֻ£ңҪɻŮӣĻıָףʶڴԼϾ·ϣִͰǼɿݻƵָȥ³ɫ⣬ȥ˳۲١
벻ǸֿءԼ˫ֲŽְء
ִס΢Ľľǿˣүȥ
ȻϽ񣬡ҲȥУǴǱ߰ɣ
ԭҲ˵ͤǿ¡ϴȴ콵ⱻΪ飬ѹּҶ
ִ΢΢죬벻ҵһһľָƣѲ˽ūͰп̽
ⲻܡĿеȻƢ˵㣬ǸСɰС̬
ĿѣԵףȴ΢΢һЦ
ɫǰִѸٽǵ㻳ɸˡôƯС磬ʲôأɵģҲпԭ
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ʲôҲ֣ټһԺҲϧˣַ뵽ȥʲôʵ֣֮ǰĿȱ˭֪̼Ҿģַϲʤ
λȴģһｳˣٿӵһְ죬ȵƻʱ֣÷ӭϼ΢΢ҡҷʤաʲôŹֵķţܽһá
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ַ֪Լĸ׸ϲǳϱΪ˸ӣڸаһͷȨøϣҲѹ˳۵ģȥ
ַܲһĹϸֻϣĸײҪԵңȰ׻˵úãأƽֻһһֽҲ˼ҵ⣬мˣο໹Բѷأ
˺ɸ֣˵ŮţӣҲŲ˽ţǵĵأѽǸԣ˼͵飬㻹һЦҿ͸ó̫̫ǰ̫̫ôǵ
ַңҲӻ£ҿĲ㣬ôҪ
üëһҪѵŮɴүһս
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үҲȷмּʶǿ÷ת˼Ȧ󣬱㾪ȵģ
ƲƲ죬̼͵ģʲôʳ֮ң̨棬ҪҪǮӡ
ү߳Ϳ֪̫ڻʵֵ÷ͣǳ̼ѫҲ꣬ĸ٣һãǧδأ
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үΪʦҲƽӵǳָ㣬ֻ÷Ƭϡдǳ̣ɫָⴿףͨ͸÷Ʒֻ࣬ڴֲ̫ڻʵͣ˭͵ԣ
ֻ˽ɧ⻰ȥֻ飬𶼲ʶã˵ɲЦ
˴زѣ֪ˣºȱŶԣ˻ȥô˵أ
үӵ̼ҲܸʵģģǴֶŮõɣ̼ܻǵ顣
°̾λӻǲһˣҲ׽͸ֻصĿֱʣִ֪ѾͷͶԵνŹʺˡ
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֮УλɩǸϵһΪܼ֮Ȩˮݣϻ벻лɸΪ񲯵һ졣
ִҲ֣֮ǰȥַѧϰܼңһشǰĸ䲻ȣһһֶŮĻţִȥšִˣ󷿵Ĳˮ̫㣬һܳԳɸӣ򲻸ҳԡ
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ǸڴͷٺЦţ⻹ͦ㡣˶ƤָһδȴҹԼյΪء̫ͻˣǺã
´Ӵ⾭̲סҡҡͷԴӽʶүƺԽԽˡ


21 .  ִ   ҾͰˣΣ
תۼ䣬Ҵ֮
ִΪãǽַ϶ȻðæͼޡģȻӭ·һַ㣬ԼԳ˵ʶҲ֧穡
ϴ꣬ױһִ㷿Сȴַñ磬ҹõģͷ߸Ϊҹô˯šҲܸû˯
Ϸ˺һۣǿ۵Ƿࡣ
ִһ󣬿ڲĵĵ
ַ䲻ǼһҲǽǾǹɶ˷֮ȴס仰˵Ǹʡ
ϧױ̫أȻļˡ
ַЦЦ̫˵°ѴϵĿ֬ˣֻҪϲȳգҲλϲױˡ
ִȻóڴȤæҡͷһЦˣûõĵӣʹͿ죬ǵóˡ
ǴϲִҲδױΣֻڴԵ˵֬üëû衪üëƫŨڣʱеǳҲʡ¡
յַΪһá
һԵĵ֣ȴƲƲ죬ʲôͷִô軭߻װȰˡ
Լȴ飬һǳɫñӻΡ
ִЦòôôпճ
ǻص鰸ַû˵ʲôȴʵȥ̫̫밲ҲʱΪľǾˮˮӣ˵ַûԷ˭֪ȴû̵عۡ
䣬û¶棬˵ӹΪзݳϯŴθɼһ档
ϧͷûãżߣȲ٣Ҳ裬˸ڶ飬ֵģһ̬
ڽյַУڴıͷˣѹλ֮͡
£ǽпǱҲǾס
ִ¶ţǲ뱻˴ױ㰲ţҳȥ
Ųմ󡪡һҲأ
ִϵʱѾżæţͷȺ첻ߵĸͬţֳ˼ˮƣ΢бס
ִƣֻһЩʵ׳ӹæһЦŰȺ๫ӾͿˣλαżβƬ̣
ְҲֻ߸ʽѣҪǲܲ˵壬ʲô
˲˻һü۷淺һҹؿбۣȥȥȥһѾߣǸǰʲôģСүЬأ
ִɫ΢òⲻ衣
ǶĿͨģϳĵܹӣλճС㣬ʲôѾߡ
ܵȴˣô˵и椣ֵܲŲϼͣΪô˹ɫԭ֪òģ
ʵִòû˵ôиǵСһ߱ţ֮ʻ֮ڷ
ִЦܹ㿡Σ֪Ҳòȡ֮ɼܼҼҽ̲ˡ
ʲ뵽ܳɻԵݡԭɷ򣬼ҸǱ˾ָʹְ䲻ܸߣȴƹܻʳǵΰԵÿ޹ֺ˭ֱ档
ܳɻܷ˵ӣױܽ裬ܼ˿̫࣬ͷкü磬ּҲֲҲᶢԭļױ˸ռʱܳɻԻֵʱģˣ˭֪ԭα¶߹޶ȶĳԣԭļױ˸⣬ȭ򣬲˺üңĿԭͻɼº޶գ
񵹺ãòҸھ¶Ŀˡ
ִһӵ۹⿴Ŷ棬⣬У˵ı˰ɣ
ܳɻû뵽ԼһŮӵ¶²
ִ粽ãң죬ЩƣӶųˣǰһ⣬ֻͻȥɡ
ڳǴģЦλСȻЩûܹٽƢȴʵҡǸʹˡ
ܳɻԵЩޱȣܳɻ֪Ȥ͸üβͻػؼȥɡ
ϧܳɻԴСûܹȻִ֪Ϊͤǧ𣬿ŵǸôܳŮʲô
ڳϱ粻ˣܳɻԳ⣬ƣֳЩӣѲһȥŸ״
˭֪δܳɻԱоһʹƵġǱģ÷Сһѩ⣬Ǹҹ㣬Ǹ̫ɽϵŮˣ
ܳɻʹҲ˲࣬ƳִȥЩ书Ѱױ֮
Ȼһ̣ܳɻԱо˫ϥһᣬ鲻Խعڵء
̺֡ģˣǵӣӱһȳһյ߳۸һ޴ŮӣܹĪǾúܹô
ǸȳӣȺ̸OO@@׷ֿǴĶģôǰ
ִε̾һϢ㲻Ҫۣⲻֳ˰ɣ
ͳ־ΪȥϺ顪켫ĶȻ˵ġ
΢Ц˺ȱˮƣ̫Կˣ
קקִѣС㣬˭ѽ
ʵѾ³ݣʵڲšִҪ޵ĲṈ̀ôôȴܳ˵ȽŲʮ㣬ǸݷǷݣеķȣྶͥ
ִĿ⣬ڹȻ⣬ȴֵؽܵλƽӣմģ˭֪һˣҲֻˡ
ò˵򼫴ִģȻǿɵеسǰʱִԵĸеϲ
䵱Ǹɥ֮
ܳɻԹڵϲ𣬿ϧǻĽž̤ϣƲأȴͬǧ
ܳɻֻܱά̬ˣūףǳ̼ҵ𣿡
һʱְѴҵעŵвΪӵķԣԭأ綼ˡ
Żع״
ܳɻԴ˾٣ȻϣԼܺ˵λãô̼ҶôԵ
ٲãΪҲýſ˵
⵽ǰùȵ˵մžյţ˵ˣ
Ȼб½ɿֵ¼¡ܳɻԹŲӡһзϣ֣ǿƽͷôټȺߵĻ
ֵؿû˵ѽҾͰˣΣ
ˣ


22 .  Ȫ   һζû
˻һֹܳɻڳĺգִйĿ࿴֮У˿˵ѽǡͦϲġ
ܳɻԷŭ˵ӣ㡭
ʹ˸ɫϵֻһݣƵܳɻ繷һ㸩ڵأصǿͷһ߻Ĺ㣬Ȼ⻤²ġ
ܳɻԱǳӽ˷ɿģǵֹǷĬغһҲ֪ƢŹ֣ǡ
Ī˵ЩֵˣָҲֻܷӳɣǿǹүĶӡ
ܳɻתûӺͳ̼ҶԿ֮ʵʹٰȥƱص룬ɷ죬һʱҲûʲôŶܹ-֮
ӣسִͷðȣԲס̧֣кðɣ
ִޣҲһ仰ֻ뵽ԭľߡˣǲݣԹޡ
ᣬĳ˳ִ䣬㣬ҿҲǳϴó̹ˡɡ
߻Сطģý֪ô
ȻܳɻԸм̧ͷȻµݣȴλСʵɾ벻㣬һĸҹת
ִɲ֪Ļʹ˷ŹȴЦ˵ɣֲ㣬ңҲó˵£ӼΪΪӵĸεַָʹôģ֣ѵʢ˵Ķˣ
ɳǿ̹û˵δҲ̫ƽˡԼ֪ôŵء
ͨ죬ϲ˿ָָֻ߬׼ǶȥִӶھжԶ
ܳɻԵ飬ǼһǻΪС㣬СҪβֻ˵ǣұض˵
ִ¿£ԭдǷ¾ծķȥһСָھͶˣʡöۡ
ܳɻԱëȻҪ˵ߺȻһɧңĳ̫ļɤӸ¼١
ԭǴӹǰ
ܳɻ±˾ǣұմ״ʣȻһǧıףúһأ
ǵʱܳɻԱڲԵغң
ȴǺݺһȥûĶײɥ˼ͻ۸֪棬ؼȥﶪۣ
ܳɻǸİӡֻҴԶȥ̼֮£ȻѺҲˡ
ЦֲЦٲôŭλ¡
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ִλӢӣȻ˵ȴʵڸ˲˷Ű˵֪أɼȰܵͬˡ
鵭ĮδŪʼĩߣ쵶նĹ򣬲ʵ
޹ȴоλԳ˶ĺ̡
ɵóݣǸҪԼһѵдܳɻкܼۣܲƽôƴҲܲסڿ
˽ƫ̻ܼң޿ɺǡճ̵ͱˣʵӡ
ۿ˫ţȴԸףǾĴƤٺҲǿʯοȥҲʹأ
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ΨУʱ״û⣬ڣżҲأʱ̼Ӻ֮ʱƽʤ̣̻ʺָ˵ӣ̩մãڳǷ׼йݴ
һֱϮ񡪡Իʵ۶ãԴӾ͸ˣԵöӱӻ
ǵˣִҲˣеۣȥͷЪЪ
ִԹ󵨣ɼƣ룬Ҳ߳׺֪һ·εȳĵǵԹҲûˣ첲СЩҪҪҽЩ
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ʱʶȤ£һƫƧؽ磬ߴߴ˵һ󴮣Ҳɴǻ̲סԹ磬ʲô񣿡
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ұӵ£ֹδ£Ҳֻ֪ͤ˸Ů˵ԹֶΣܵŮǰάϡ
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ôܣţֲ˰ˡмĵ׽ȥ˽ӵǮϳ˵ѧҽˣǮ򼸼ζá
ӵĲǰأҲִĹ͡ԾǼżǶ䡣
ֶĵ£Ͳ֪ˣ
Ҳ֮ǰĻɣǲѰ廨룬ִģڳӣʱУзǻعⷵվ͸ˡ
תпո˶ȤҪȥ飬˽»棬ʲôֲǲϵá
æס˿ײ˻ءֻǣ̬ǰһС覴ö
ᣬ¶Щͷûã
ǲ˴Ⱦ˵Ķ񼲣ıһ˿٣ñȰ΢覣ź
Ȼͷȴַɿ˵ģò˶þͻ᳤ȫˡ
˷ֶߣŹȪƼУȡңȪԹԲʲôܣֹҲ͹ģ֪һЩȻ֪ġ
ϵ˻Щϡķ⸱ɫᶯ˵飬ţһ죬ԼƿλµȫϾָˡ
죬ĻصУѾͷǲڣýȪͿĨһ㡣ʵڵȲùԼ˵ģ
ȪصøΣ¹һȹڳѾͷ֪ϰߣײ¹
ʵңԼһʼ׼ȪڿռУˡʵûȥӦĴܵס
СţŽǸƴ֬ƿȡƿӿɱʯ̨ãõѪҲָֻһͳˣֱĶ͡
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23 .     һԸɲһҰԧ졣
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ͷ޴Ļ̿, 㣬ȫЩıȻ, ̫̫ܸ߿һۣ׵ֹЩ֮, ƾǲԼ谮мӵġ
ֻ԰׽̬ȱ֪ˡȴ̤һ, ԼֺαؼӪӪĳı
ֻ亹乣, ٴνƿ׼ģȴɸɺһ͸ڵϡչ, ƿڷ·ʲôţǼ״ĳʡ
ôᣬȥź, ȪĶ, Ӳᶳ
ůȴͽȻҪõϿҲ, һƿըأ
ңַĴϲԼ֣еݻҲŹ
޼ƿʩֻԽƿջ¹, Ըų
ŮīѰʱȥĶˣ»أ
ֻûطȡٶϣ°̾һϲģֻˡ
⸱ش磬ʧЦ㼸ʱˣķͷҲعɸѽ
࣬ʱأͷûãˣֻҫɷЦ
˳ŹĻͷһò׵˓÷֮꣬ڣһɡ
⻰˵ˣضΪСöι֪ıԣǰɺ
ͷ£ֻʣк£
Ƭ̣¸Ϊĸٳĸҩã룬軨׷𡭡
϶˵ӦȪˮ⣬ҩƵ⣬ͷʣµĲֹһ̳ӦҪͻԼ͸ϣùȵˣͷν
ɣǲԸҲգֻ´޷ҲýΪѣĸǱߣѰĺǡ
Уæסȵȡ
ҧ¶ģ׽һ̳ӾҲûʲô̫ܰģٵǴ󱦵ʤҲ͸󡪡ʱûȪˮνˡ
һͷɱ鵲סֻøΪļ򣬡ˡ
Ȼǳģͷȴɬ֪Ȫռ䶼⣬еشô
һֱĿͰԶȥ죬лԺȴ쾮ͤٯٯ
ǰˣִĿȴᣬŨûִԡڵĹ£Ҳ·̥ǣ˶˼ʵ
һܵŮˣȻȻɢʡ
ɵפ㣬ɲǼ䣬˵ĵĽǼʡ˶֮ӣΨ֪ԼദʱжԱܵһջᱻݴףԶʧȥʼҵĻᡣ
ִȻǲ÷ģӶ̸Ц֪ɫ֮ˣȻҲȻⲻַɣڳ֮ļִð㡣
ƾʲôƾʲôһʲô¶䵽ͷϣʱ˵̼ԼҪģֻĽôĻأֹ˴ϵĸҪȻΪƫƫó¶棬˿˸òô
Ҫ²ɹͺˣ𱻸ߵܳɻԣǸŵںأòҲ˵ùȥܼͷԸԸ⡭дϸķױܳɻغ󰮣װҲװ㹻ġ
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ִʵѷڰעӣʵᣬܸˣǰһùԸ˵ѾõĴӣʲô֪ģ
ʱִв֪ԷΪ̵Ȫˮ⣬ȻӸ˵ľˡ
ȻҲܸˣԱԹţ˽Գţ˴кʱͷϣҿɲϡ
ȻǴȤȴû˳ŻЦǰؿţҲ㱳ڹġ
̹ϣִ֪˵ʲôã˵Ŀͣǲ̫˵㣿ͷһᵽ۱ʲôζ
Ľëó
ִֻ΢ȣһԱĶëȷ磬붬ˣůģŹ֡
ЦҲŹ֣˭޵û룬㵱ɽģ
ִЩ˼Ӧ֮Ϊҽó֢뷨˳ֱˡھϴãɲ뱻ܳɻָֻһ¡
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ִЦҵ뵱ŮֻϧûҪѹկˡ
ɽףһ׵壬⸱๻ȫˡ
嵭ĵҪ㰡
ִ
ȻЦǡ˵Ҳ̫򵥶˰ɣ˧ͱð쵰
ģִѸٻӶӣϵ¶ȿЩһţүȲˮȥΪһյ
ôһ·гݽͣԳҲ裬ң֮ܲٳ˳Ҫһֱǰѹֳ۵ú¡
ִ̲סƳֱ֮ȣʵү볣߶βһأ
֪ʱĹѾܳˣȻȲϺܣԳ˵ضа
򴽣Ҳϲӱˣվš
ԣԸѡüª׾Ĺȣ»ῴӴĿ
ִ˽һʶ벻λвȱƢȴ쳣ѹڴǰ粽ãȻԶײ
ͦǸģңҲνִ
ҡͷҵŮˣܳɻԻ⵽˶Դ
ִ
ְԵܲʽ̨ô£ңǲǰΪʲô˵ôȻ
Ѿһ
ִýǼˣź죬ȴ¯ð
ٶȳ⣬ȥ㵹衣
ҡͷҲʡ
ִ֣һҪȡ
򣺡ðɡ
ִֻε㣬ٴȥ֪ᷢʲôȲسȻķչϣֻëȲ֪ʱ䵽ϣȹһֱֱǰȥ
æԼҲˡ
˴۵СŶԷִΪи⻤棬ûôһȣ;óʵڸŬӳŸյ°֪͡ǰŮѾ㲻ˡ
ûעߣעģΪִƽʱܰʵʵͷһνӴļò˵ͦġ
Ҳͦ󡭡
Ƭ촽᲻ͬôţôˣֻ΢΢һ⣬֮ǰִ
ĺ
ִ
˵ˣ͵ԹһϲǣѵģҪײҪ
վĽǶȣɫֻɫӰ½һ𣬸ձƵġ
ǲ֪ܣ֮ͥ¾͸Ҹ£촽ʶ꣬Ҳֻ͵͵С֣׶ûһ£ִŸദð͸ҹ컯֮˽ˣһԸɲһҰԧ졣
Ҳȥͷߡ


24 .  ý   ˭֪տżͱһˮˡ
ϲ, ִҹӻȥ˾Ȼһǵ붼ͬһλΪĶ
֪γƺ, ԾͲƺˡ
ЦԴ, Զ
Ҳܼ򵥴ֱأִѭʾ⣬ŷ˲ʱ, Ҫȵܸܵ幫֡
ǵӰֵܷó
ִ׷Ƿ̳ģò, Ȼ⿴Ŷܽä
ִȥʺ, һ⡣
˶ղһǵ£ִǳһʱĺͯԷ˱൱, ִʳŲ, ࿴ñ
ף˳ݣȴ֣ص̽ͷģһ㸺ġ
˵, ҲִػŻﳤȥ
ִ˸ֻʲôõ˵ģңʲôıҪԼҲû굽ףżֹδɡ
˭ҵӣ
֮Ǿ仰, ǲԿġ׬ˡ
ִظֻзӯĴѱÿտյ뿪ĲǱͣλʶδõĴ㡪ִͦģַΪЩȴͦģ֮ǰĽ̵ԼǳԸԸԳҸ
ԭַĻī࣬ûмҵڣӡַ֤ƽƽ
ճִ룬߸ôȥ̷ʺһʧ˭֪մȣͿƫصó̼ҸϿװɣҲԣһʧǧźޣʹ˽̥Ǻã
ִֻвû˵׸ܻӵģ֪ʶ̫ȱ˰ɣ
Ȼ֪һĻʲôִȥϸǰ״׵ˣٶӰҲޣЩˡ
ЦԳ棬Ǳ̫ˣ¶ӣǵ֮ӣʲôǵģ
Ĵʵں̫ˣδΪĹĸңңڣܱ֤ԼĶӻ̳дͳ㹻ܶ뱲ˡ
ʱɻػĵ
ʹţ޲һй˽ߣϧܳɻǰ֮ڣ̼һߣҲǰ롪ȪˮûˣٲǺûָġ
ֻһǾף쿪ʤ񲻰׷⸱⾢
ִݵȥֻ֣ԭŮ䲻Ǻ̽ƢҲĸ꣬ǹӶƵģѵǱ˵ˣ
Լɵö㡣
*
ܳɻԵķ粨ǱɽһǣЦ̸һˡܣֹв֪ԼѾܸ
ʱʴϣѾͷܳɻԳ£ôû˵
ӵ˵㻹ǰܼң
ֹһ죬ƽƽģܳɻԿǱӵ˴ԴϢü졪ܸԿñȥкô
ҪȥȥҿɲȥܼͷƾʲôǸΪŴҲ
ֹǸ˼ʶܼ̫ƽοһС˱˴֣ȥ˵ǵҪܼͨڣΪܼʱ͵ôΪ룬ָܵģ
ϰɶԴ˵Щ
ֹͷ鲻֮ӣֻڨڨǣҲû˵
ȷʵòƯװеģѹֱ˽Ѿߣòܳɻˣð
Ѵʵ˭֪Ͼ󶯸λ𣬡ҵŮģǧ㲻ãָָ㣿ֹΪ˸ĸô첲ֻգ֪ˣý-Ҹúһȥ
˵վҪ
ֹˣȥĶ
ʹ顣̸ǾãǴⲻԸֹҹ
ֹֻȥ˵ϵƢԽԽˣ֮ǰǸߣԼȥʡ¡
ֹʹҲֻܵ˵
֪ϵſڣȴٿȻø˲ҪҴ⻰˭ģ
ֹû𣬴ʢŭͷϣٰȥǲ
ǴѾ³ЦҾ˵أѹñ˭񣬸ܲ𣿡
ֹǿᣬû˵ĻҲΪ˴룬Ը
ȻѾˣǺãӴһɣֻһģ㲻ʩἸڲ跹Ͳضˣ
ֹ֪˵һţﻹð⣬Ƣ˳һһִ֣ۿٰȥֹϲֳӰ;
밲ҷʽ־ӣ˭ֹ֪ȴѵһ٣һŮңʲô㣬ûʽţҵŮ֣ҰͻԼȥ㻹ԣ
סΪĻִôԼʲô£ܳɻֲҲû˴ȥ
붥ײǾвĻ׵ˣȻТ˳׽ȴɽֽ첻Ӧеصزӡ
ֻϵùͷŮ֪ˡ
ֹҴƽϢ˸еľ𣬱뵽ܼҽһɵĴ϶ŭֵú룬ֻա
˭֪ܼȴǸҹвܣֹϺ񣬻ˡýˡ
ֹʶ㣬ҲܼҸɳ½ЦԷǣһƸ棬ʲô
ýȴǾȫˣ̬ҲʮֳģʴʺһȰֹô²ٿǿǡ
ȥͰܼҵ˵ˡ
⼸¹Ůݲõֻͬɷ֣˵С๫һ򣬷ǵգȢŮ
ֹ̾룬ǳãֻһ㣬ŲѲ봺¿ࣿйһǳ̼ҵĹش󣬹¶ĸвģ
ϱ㲻ǰһֱĵ⣬̼ʱԭ뻺һ˵˭֪оϣǱӦˣ޹ȥִãиĻڵأ
ĬȻ̼Ƕ׵ģ˵ԸԿη
˸ڻʹƲѣڴĹҲ𺦡
ֹֻҪܼҲˣǹԼģЩţô˵ȥѵΪһƷͶŮ
ԽԽ⼫ܹǸȫˣһ˲ţǵֲԼԴĿǷܼҽף;аǳӶ·ţһǻģλ䵽֧ϣȲһʵȨָʹֹܼ㣬ִ󣬳˺
ȻЩ潻⣬ǲԴ˵˵Ҳ
ĵĻŮƷܳɻԱòԺȻ侹ΪĹۣܾЩס
ֹŹ֪ܸģĪɣһСӣðʧʱ򣬻ĹأңýҲ˵ˣܳɻԺĽǴĵɫŮкܣܰæ֧ͥҷ磬ƣĺôأǳ֮ǰҲƢŹţε÷ɼͲܳԿӣѽٲЩİɣ
һϯ˵ôЩҡܳɻĸĻڣʧΪ䣬ֻǣһʴ˼ţˮǿͷο׹Ѫ϶ϲäƼ޵ġ
ִĸίתܼҵ˼̶϶ܳɻԱȻģɲʲôسɷֻ˵ɽ׸ıƣܳɻԶ裬ģŽȢź裬˳㱨򡪡ûбȶ֮޸ıˡ
ٲȻǶļױ˵ܼһ꽥벻ɮ٣ͷĻܳɻΪСǸȻɬһʷޣܹӦˡ
˼ֱΣ
ִڼѶ㲻¶ɫʴϣý˺ڣ֪ܷҼ
ֹɣŮʱ˳ˡѲܳɻһ飿
Ȼããͷˡ
ֹЦŴ˽ݣýŻϲҪʩչ죬˭֪տżͱһˮ˸ˮﻹйͷͺ֬۵ԭŮƵϴˮ
ֹ
ϵˣѾͷƢ˭


25 .  ·   ʲôһͽ𣿡
ýֲ, ĸ۵Сӣﶼʶˣ
ЦеسĪԭҲ, Ҫ
˵, ȡ˿ĨϿĨ˭֪ýܼҴ񣬴Ҫ˵, ⴩һµļ񡪡ȴˮģԽԽң󶼿һ̲ýˡ
ֹʵڿ, ֻøɿִЩ
ִеش, ܼ׵ģ
ýЩ⣬, ǳӵǸз, ɵϣ彡ȫĶɲҪȥһ̱ӣ
컹ǳĳͷŨŨضѳһЦ, ǣȻޥģ֪๫۹ⲻ
ִһڣޣʲôȫˣ÷, һζǮҾǸ͵裬źŮ޶У˫ܼҲԵ£ýģѵһûʶ˵ʲôףؼͦʬȥɣ
ýűҲȴһ仰˵ŴＷһ䣬Ŀڳݣ
ִбһۣȲýģڵ˵ɰ׵ģ˵ģõⶼһ鱦ȴϡʡȥתܼңʵģѰ°գ
ýžƵһٺ䣬һ˹ȥҲװΣճ
ֹΨзȻóִǴĵģһܼǳ׵ˣȻٲµĻ
ܳɻԵʲôôߺޣ˻ϵżû˵֮ǰйϸѽ
ֹ˼䣬ýűֹҩײתȴһҲҶλ˰ڰ֣Ͷ̥Ƶ뿪ˡģ˵˰ٰʮ׮£ûģĸӵȢǻιӥֵþη
С๫᲻ףǺ¡
ֹȥ㰲οܼҲᣬϼʶŮġ׳١ȴ˫Ŀ㶣ճղ
ִ°ţģǹ⻣ţܳɻȢңȻĿģǲϵġ
ҡͷû㣬ǡͦġ
֪ǷִĴܾôϿһ˿壬ľȻŮ̫Цˡ
ܴϹҲԵػһأϧѧĹޣ޷硣
ִҰﳤĺӣʲôܵõԭ¡Ҳмڸƽϡ
*
ַʱҲ˵ܼҲ׵£żҸǱմݣ˵ܳɻ˵òôأڶͻȻȥˣʲôԴƭ˵ġ
ɼý˵Ļȫң档
ִžͺһƵĻѻͷͷģɼŮȲԼ;Ҫ
ᶨִ뿪ľġ
ձֹѵ֮󣬱ʵڷﵷЩʲô
ִйܳ˺ü̿裬Ƿֹů紺ˣīƤĶԹصΪôܵס
ִһӦԭŮĳֲֹůõĴ̿תһ룬Ȫ֣ðٲŶԡ
˵һôûˣִ۲죬Ϊ˷кӯÿؼ̳ѲصƣٰȪҽȥûʵʲôƹգֻͨȪıЩ״ͷζˣȺһƵɿס
Ƿˣǡûˣ
ִӹһ󵨵Ĳ룬ˣԿϲѶʼָƾ֮ĳޣԼȻݶȻǺ¡
æŶԸԼˡ
ִغŸ裬Լҵϡ˵ĿĵصȻƽ½͹ֲ˼ġ˼ҵǸ£ĴСҪٳ֣ܲԼɡ
ִҲϲУ㡰á
ֹڿеŮܼýˣҪĴͷԭµȴΨһϣִЩƾôãֹٹˡ
һȻڻ¡
ִβһҸ̵ĵãӼʡȻٺõĶë
ģ򷴶ϴãԹԡǹˡ
ִųȴܳɻŷŴĿ
ܳɻԳ¶һЦкʵòѿȴҵӶǿöֻ࣬ǣʶԭӼִʵ᲻ø
һܳɻûü˺ȴѾٹˡ
ִޱ飬á
ܳɻ¶ѯʵɫȥ
ִƤ̧һ£㲻Ѿ𣿡
ǵŸ˵ģ˫ȹڳϡִ书ȴԸо
ܳɻЦԭ㲻úÿҲ
ִʵͻͽӣõķʽǲһûȤˡ
ңǰջȻΥĳò˭ţ
ܳɻԶƬ̺ȴ׽˵乧άûϸִòֱӣȴ·Щ仯˵Ƿɫ˻ǱǼȸߵˡ
֮˿̶ϵŸˡ
ջȥ֮ܳɻʹ˼ʹԭֻȢһױӣ˳㱨֮𣬵ﲢûֻĹҵظϸ۵Ƥ⣬֪֮зɣ
ܳɻԱЦҺýΪβϽҵ⣿
ִĮȻ˺͹ܽΪô
ܳɻһȻܡ
漴һСڹ湻ѹµĳ嶯
ܳɻֻСǿģʶ֣һִգѭ򽥽ĵط
ȻζһĴʹ֮ϻ
ܳɻ֣Żڴĺ㣬Ц㻹ҺҶ֣أǳȴˡ
˵ţħ档
ִһ۲գؿֱܳɻԷҺݸһЦͬӽⶳ๫ܺ𣿡
ܳɻ˫۱˷ںȻתͷϤʹ⡭ճ
ΪִУŻǰȴû뵽ִ˳̼һϳʲôһͽ


26 .     Ҳһߡ
ִȻз
һʼ, ûܳɻԶǣ˭֪ԭĹ, ԯ޶ܸܳɻԲڻ档
ܳɻԶ, ܳɻ裬˴˶ųִΪ˾Ϊֹ, ˭֪ܳɻԲ֪Լ̰Ǳ˵, ȻȢšΪȫµŮӶȡԼôǵģ
ִѥͲȡһѷذ, ҩĦţѩмӴƤ̳һϸơ
֪, ǻ, ضƤ
ܳɻԼ˳棬˿Ҳɵõʲô
ִ䴽һЦβ, ף˹˵ʲô
ܳɻֻսսδԼ˵ĻǻҸɱ˾ָʹ, δƽңػ᳹飬Ȼͨ죬Ҳɱ֮
ִ֧Ƭ̣ƺ濼Ȱ档
ܳɻԲɿȴԷչһЦҲԣɱ˶ѽ磬ֻһˣˣ֣֮ԺҲûСõ⣡
ƽذŲ»䵽紦
ܳɻԼεɴأʲô˼
кµ㣬ҲֻǿŵףʹƽӻҸҲŹ㡣
ǱĶӣҲˣȴǼСܳһָ֪ӻηŭִһ˲ϧҲü˳еĺ
ִΪȴǲܲ˼ɵģңҲȷ²֣ǳηӣǣܳɻ¸ǹζʵšȻˡ
ִűӣذӸһԻԶҶָ
ܳɻĿѣң
ִòֻԶͷ
Զ޳ɣ䣬㽫ܳɻұߵСĴָն£ɲǼ䣬һǿҵѪζŻ
ִüȥЩѬһѬ̫ˡ
Ӹ¿ɵڵصܳɻԣ⸽õҽݣʶȤҲЩȥΣȻҿɲܱ֤ʲô
ܳɻԱʹߺ޵ؿ˵֣ڴӴ˲ܶд֣;Ҳˡ
ִ΢Ц㲻غң˭㻳ŴȵģҲʩͰˣ˳Ȱһ䣬ŻؼҸ״ȻҶķǷǼǧӺܿ׷֣ʱ¾Ͳֹһָˡ
ܳɻϾɲô֪
ִ˸ףô֪һ·ģҾô֪ǷծģӴˣ壬޹ϸ𡣡
˵գԶһ˼ųȥ
ܳɻϺģмȺŭִԴǡǶã֪ҵĵϸ͸¶ģ˭
һС㣬һߥȢĸҹ棬Ըȴִ˽סõģרȦأ
Լ࿴ۣŮӱضʱˣȻܳɻԲûӵŮˣȴʹ˷Ź
ˣҵš
*
ִġáһڴڹ̸̤ʱпνˬ
ʵûܳɻ԰ŲһԣɿܳɻԵķӦ֪ûĻ°ӡȻܳɻ֪ױ
ֵƷԼµĿˡ
ִ˺˺ԽԽã
ִӯĽŲ˺裬һתͷֳű߾ע񿴼ϵĺˣӼ
̫ˡ
ԼǺ·ˣִӣߵǰȥүȺܾˣ
صò
ִ
ڷ𣿿ɴӳп˿ЦζĿɣ
̫ˣִô٣Ҳû뵽ԼΪȫһ˵Υ֮ԡʩҲû˻˵ͽ㳪ġ
ִֻεس⣬ҪڻѨ£Ѹ˵ˣ
֮ǰţö죬ִ㵢ӲᣬҲ¸һ衣
ûΪѣܴƽ֪ˡ
ִ˵òѨβҲ֪ɡ
ͷ֪
ִͿɷ򸾣ԵģΪ˿˷ӣ⼸춼˯ģͼֲˡ
ִ
⺢Ӻɳ̫˵㣬ܾԼ˴ѽ
˲ˣһʤ߼۹⣬ǶƨִǾүɵϣ˳㡭Ŀӡ
ԹԵߵǰʼ£ˮûаᡪǳˡ
ִ䲻Ǵ͵ԷôȥȥƮƮĵطϸһȴΰ֮ףѹֳ˵ˡղʶˣɼԲ顣
ˡ˵ĺִлѣϽߣһˣȻµŲȫ¶ģͦԲΡ
򼡷ֲ԰ףȥһ߱ʯа
ִĬһ۶ľǰҾϸ˼֮󣬷׼Ѩλϸȥȱȴزɳڣʮֽ£뻬Σա
ִҡ֮ƽȵͷżȻƳȴһĿ̲࣬סʵôŪģ
ƲںЩƣȥͤУײϡ
ִһҲףԼ챻ܳɻΪѣڳͷ̫࣬ȽҲʮֱͷˡ
ѹıִ࣬Ϊߵ˶ĵط룬Ϊʹ
ϸִ̾Ǻαأ
û˵ֱִ޻պҩͰĦڻһҲϲ۸㡣
ȲΪô
ִݸû۸ҡ
ȻͼʪͬһֻС
ͬʱͤеһǣ򲢷ǲͨȻֶ֪ŮӶҲ㡰۸
ִ΢죬ĻͲ۸ԺɲððʧʧģʹҵС
ͷŵ֪ˣԺһ㡣
ִ
ѽȻѽҪҪô᣿
ִڼпű˪ǿ࣬˿ҲɵֱͨͨܳɻЩ黰ǳʶľٶܲס
ִʶգ֪ĦĸλųƺһӶһ¡
ִæҪ飬ôˣ
û¡ֹ֣һĶ
͸ϵĳ죬ִ㷴Ӧæ֣Ҳã´һע⡣
ֵԭڴ䲻䣬æŶ룬ԭΪʩ⣬˭֪ͿүַڲĵطҲһߡ
ԭˡ²˳ҪҪ˽ǰأȻ췹ܴܲŶӹŰɣǾ̫ˡ


27 .     Σ޽ƽǡ
µٶ, ˶ֲ֣޶á
ĽϣִЦҡͷ, λǸˡ
ͷһμеҲôԡֵȴᣬֹαܺöˡ
Щ˼, һˣԭһԶ, 书ӲҲ̤ʵĸײż, ˳չҡ
ִŶˣƽĿ̫, ̷¶Ӳ̫㨣ôڷΧһ, ζֲ
ѹָ˶ôϲ, ִԿ䣬˿ĵı£ϵڶû˸ϵһ
Ц, ţҲô롣
̹ʣִ֪˵ʲôˣֻΪѡֻ£ԭ°úһʿŶԡ
˯, Դˣδ⻼촯ʵҲһİ취
Ψһ㲻ãִ۾֪Ķźˡ
ҽȡһͷϴδӦǡը׹ȸɫСʳ
־ϲؽӹģ
ִףʳԡ
ϴλȥ֮ѿǽŴ׷ۡԼӹӵȸɫãǿɣΪ·棬Щַ񡪡ִ͵ϵϲҲİãϾһֱ
ȻִسŵͬʱȴĬôǣǲǻ뿪ܾã
ϾأִϵݰݷáʽҵŮ
ʱۣ࣬ⲻһڡ
ִͷۣѾӦˡЦ᲻ң
Ǻͷȥְˡ
ִһͷ־庢ӣֻøΪѣݸЩˣһٸ
֧ţͷϵĴë˶Ҫӿأ᲻Щ
ִһۿʲô⣬졣
˵ǸˣǳԶǺ¡ɲ޸Ϲ
룬صò˶ãһָ߶ʱĸ׻һͬ˰ɣ
תҴ˾һ˵ǵȻɻ£ôһ룬ҲôѰˡ
۷Źص˵ͷ
ִݣ벻ܳиоҲãįҲգСӷˣŪٳ棬ǲóء
ˣһһɡ
*
ؼִ֮Լ̼ͶȻϺȴ˽֮ӣҲһСȥСȻδظҳԣִҲٵþһ£ٵǰ
δſڣһ㱻ΪμĻɽ
ִüͷ˻֣Ϳͷ۷죬һδ˯ģ
ʲôŪøʧһû˵Ҫѽ
ȴӾȣôˣ
Ϊβܻأִʡ
Իʧԣæ죬ֻ֣Ѿָܳɻԣִÿȥ̼Ҷﾭ·ˣѵ˲֣Ǹų
ִ龡۵ףЦȻѲ˸ϵֻϧλв֪ԼѾˣԼܳɻԸ޵Ӧ
˹ҧȥɣִö£ֻЩǵݹȥ
Ҫ£æ䣬ڨڨűãδױͲȲˡ
ִۼ⣬緢һذ״״ĶдʢװȪ
ײʾˣִҲʣֻúɣڷ̿ܲѰĪ캮Ȫܽᶳɣ
˿ɾͺЦˡ
ִǿסֻĿ⣬¶һߣֻһƵڸԼĿˣԴԼûһ˳ĵġ
ԩ
³ˣִٶȽӵ̻ʺʥּؾ͵һˣδ١
ɼʺӡ
ִͦ˵ģԻʼҲôִˣǳ̻ʺĸӶϲͶң֮
زЩټС㣬ִĴ󵨵ش磬±˳Ц̻ʺǰһƥ֦ĹУִȥ÷á
ޱȵĳУӳĵ𪲻٣էһмְѩơ
ƶУ޵СЩ죬ɹչ⣬Ƥƺء
ôִֺǺǵġ
Ѿͷǽ֮ģȴΪͶԵΪ˶һĴ󡪡ִҲôҪأϲˡ
ѾͷֱڿƢ˭֪Ҳѧأ
εū˵滰û
ȷʵöСʱ򲻴һˣȻ仯ʮϸ΢ջۿյͲ٣ܲмٰɣ
Ȼ˵ͷͷǵִɲʮţʶӣȷʵԲˡٳԵʳ
ƣ
ʳ͸ˣСȴƫƫҪԼͷϣҲ̫˰ɣ
һ·ָ̫̻ʺѵȺʱһϸϸֳˣҲˡ
ִ˶˵̻࣬ʺȴ̫ݣ׸ıߣ
ֻװɲ˵
ԴǶͷñСƨߵߵִܵǰɩӦҵأ
ִָñЦͷϣ
ȡһƣȻñһǣѹԴġ벻λɩԵģܱϷ
СͶء
ʵִһʺãǴǲڹñУƭ͵ģͼһ֡ǻӹԻ˯أ硣
ΪСͻῴ˭֪һ˵ЬҲͳӭˡ
ۿôһСϷͺöԷЦִ˼𴩣ֻͷںڵķǵúٳǣȻͳζˡ
˹ԣų̻ʺЦк£
ȻΪʺ󵥴ࡪϾ㲻ԼˣʺĽҲûõϡ
̻ʺԥƬ̣̹׵Ƿܼ⣿
ִεȻ̲µܼ׵Ѵˣôģ
ΪʺȰ޽̼ңϾֶ˭֪̻ʺȴĲ̫һ㵱ðвм䣬ôҲԸٹޣҿ㱣֤̼ҾԲѰ鷳
ִλʺȻüۣᶨĿǣͷһξãԭ֮˵˵ѡȵ۵۹ⲻ̻ʺȷλá
һ˽ˣϧȴ⡣ִЦҡͷˣŮ޽ܼҡ
̻ʺ˿Ȼ⣬ɼŮԿɹ󣬵ȴ̲ס׷ʣΪΣ
ִҪܳɻԵӼ֮ǰ̫
ִɺ֪пͣ¹ʱŲŶԣҪرܣʺȴá
漴̾ϢŲ֪ܼˣշת˹ϵ·аæ´ͻ顣
ִ
ºһ󣬵лʺڣ¹ӦΡʮһ׮飬ΪҪͬȥ
¹ʩʩȻʱͿһһС׶ţȻǵڶμִѽʺѧ߳ɣǲС
¹ʶĲ²⣬С㲻ǷҽΣ¹ðաκ˳ӵĲٳƽʺͷķ͸ˣϵӼѡ
֮޽ƽõġִ˵Ҹʲôأ
Ѷ°ݣ檲μʺ


28 .  ͻ   ¶ʮջϵ˵
¹ʺ, ִҲӯӯݵŮݼ
˵λ, ÿ첽ߵǰȹϥִĺʹЩǡ
ȴһϴεư, ʵ﷼伸Σ
ǹ˵ǻŵýŲ࣬ھꡪҲ̫˰ɣ
ִ, ֻ׵ʮġ
±ָ̾ޢͷ³ʮ, 㣬ս̫Ӹʱ, ⣬ε´档
ִһƤ
ǳ̻ʺüͷ˵ýģ˵, ҫ
, ¹˵ˣͰ۽ҲϸβơȻʺ곤ꡣ
µԼкβ, ִֻѵýһˣҲȥô˴
ִֻ˵֮壬ŮªʣĿ, ð
ʵΪ¹ڶĶϱִΪãǸùȥ̫Ҳ¹ûѣˡлʺԼ
¹ǺɫĿģִ㷡
Яһ£ͣĦļôõŮ˼ң
ִ˳صѾ£ƽ֮ӳϡ
²̹׵سϣЩ⣬ȴδգŻʺЦǿϧˡ
̻ʺȴָ¹·ϣϾҲû˵ǻ¿ϧִ˿ϧ
ֻЦ˿ڲ衣
ִۻʺСϧŮѾãܽؽ֮ãǵóԸ
ɫһû뵽̹׵سϣʺ󾿾ʹʲôĸԸ޸һ̱ӣ
ֻǾ»ʺҲ˵
˼˴´ִ´棬úӣ£ʲôίֻ˵ġ
ǹȥڦʺ
ִ˸İۣ֪ĻΪλ裬¹ϷݹͷԵùˡ
̻ʺȻЦϣǺ⣬ѵ̼һѹˣô
¿ɲչȻƣѾĽɢ׮£̻ʺԶǿȵүűΪйֽ˸ӡô˵أ
ȻʺＱʲôѵˣ檲û˼кɣȴйȨСˡ
òģһ˫۾䶯ˣı£̻ʺ֡
ִڳҪҪǻ͵¹Ŷλ³϶޺ô
ֻ̼вȣԷǹȻһΪˡ
ִɼ䣬ͷ̫¼ݵ
ˣͷˣִ治֪˵Լ̫û̫
ŵλҲæ˵⣬°ݣ¡
̩µؿǰ⸱棬谮һȴţΪһŮӡС˲
ִӵ۾ֱԼϣŵȶˣһ䡰ƽŷȶ
Ĵ־̩۲е·ˣΣǸУ෴ȴһƽĹ۾״ȴҲôǻۡ
ųĺӣȥ͸ˡ
ôһҲֵúΪ֮ɱִܻЩŮ˵
̩ۿʲŻʺ밮ִޱŹ֪Ϊ£
ִһݣ֪ԼС˴ˣ¹ŹãϢôʹˡɼʵ۶ĺоԵƿȨ
¿˿أѵԼΪʺ׾죬ܱǿо
̩۳Ȼܣӷͬ¸ˡ
̻ʺû뵽˵һңæУֶ֮һģȵ֮ˣ㲻ǿƻޡ
ӵ֪Ӳಡ齾ӣ껤µĸɮΪ֮꣬ѵ̵ġ֬ϣԸҪ
泯Żʵ۵ָ֮ӣһ˲ţԣȫ檰æ˵ϣֻη̼Ȩƣ¼ڣøɣ
̻ʺ󿴳쵶ն飬ʵ۴ͻ飬һ̼ҵԼȻЧˡϧ̻ʺΥ˵ȫȻӦ˹ˣ
̩ۿӸλŮˣ¹ĿΣ̻ʺü̲ǡ
¼ƽһ󣬾̩ЦתִСôģ
λɱ֮ȨĴִٲҵ飬æŮԸ޳ӣ޷ġ
üŮӺòɫԼΪ·ƽˣΪλôηηҷ
Ҫ˵ִȴһضϣңܹӲ䣬ʲŹȫʵ󡣡
̩ȤԸꡣ
ִһӹȻУܹҲһָӴ;ԵṴ̊Ľ֮ˣֻܼ˿ӣȲָܷӣӴ˼㹷飬϶ֲʤ䷳
ڶģ¹Ϣͺв֪ܳɻԶָ¡ϾҲܼңִֻ鷳ӹȥ޸ӡ
¹Ȼһ¡
̩΢Ц£˵ʺˣôţҲţ
Щңȴǿ򶨵ˣزһܹ;Ϊ˻ͷ£ϳһʷΪױϣսֻɱɣ˸ڣգ
ִЦ𻭴ı£ûбλ͵ˣΪǴƼأԼǮ⣿ɵӲſϵԩͷ
ִ컺ҡͷ˵֪ܹ֮𲢷ԼСģҶķ׷ծ£ḡ˵֮ˣҲÿɿô
̩۹Ȼɫƣô˵
ҡ¿ڳٺã˿ҲƵȻԣıģŮҲϼ޸һĹȰܼӱӵëԵòôҪˡ
в֪ǽСָǱִԶ£ִҲ£һ˵ԵܳɻӼ߰ߡĿ
Ҳǳģܳɻ¶ĵòò˼꣬ļҵᱻգʱкϷأ
̩ۼʶһ־磬֮ŭµ׷꣬ðʧ˵㣬ҲɱΣֻûн꣬ȻʺϵϣԺͱЩˡ
ͨ죬ȴֻܲ鲻Ըسǣ¡
ᾰִֿ̩ԺĵСܾˣô
ִ̩ȻǾ°һʥּΪŮָ顣
ʵڲʲôܳɻɻԵĳ棬ϷԣֻҪʵۿϷ˺Ҳûӡ
̩۾ĵδǺΪԣѡʱ
¶ʮջϵ˵˼Ȣ˰
ִ㣬Լ£³ãʱӦѻָòˡٰû⡣
Ȼл¡


29 .     ԭôĽô
̩۽ӡʥִּ, Цܲ޲˰ɣ
ִǷƾʥ, ĺŮȸж¡
̩۾;ʵ˼, ڹǰӲѹˣӰķȴҲ졪ǸСѽ
һ, ̩ӣǻ;Ϊ㳭¼ʫģǷҲλС㣿
̻ʺЦ, 
̩ۻȻѹ, ޾˵λŮһߣп޵ƨ
ִ緹λүһѪ, ĵǵ΢ĲҲʧˡ೭˰µʫ, ԭʵ۸ǵ
ڽӡˡ
ֺ̩ǺǵķԸ̫ࣺ纣ǰǼֽȡ͸С㡣
ǰǰ԰Уɫ, ѩɫΪǼ˸ʫףδø⳼ģһСȱ۸
ִһʼ˵ʵҪͶΪʲô˲õʹ, ʫɵôʧʫǳģôȷΪ䣬λү˵ʵڵģλǬ¡ʵҲࡣ
Ǭ¡ʵд˼ʫûһֵñеģɼʵ۵ļڣʫȴ̳вܡ
̩۵ִ֪֮ɫ仯۵ףҲգЦеص𿴲޵īȥֻװǶһţٴٹ˵ýΪϱѽǧ򣬱ʲôϡȥˡ
ִһѽⲻʧΪһ׬ǮͷʫǳһһᣬƷ͸˵ˡһ򲽣ʵ۵īҲвιۣȡƱǮǱʲƵ롣
ʫıϾ
ִóϷذݵл¡
̩ۣúÿ죡ŮӲ굽Ǯ˰ɣô룬ϼ޽ܼңҪ޸򣬿ҲΪǮϾܼսգƽۣʾ޸٣Ȣλ̣Ǯɲģ
İ򣬻Ϊء
̩ĵĬһ󣬵ײøС˽£ִǿϵӣû׼ܰƽ֧ͥôҲ㻵
ִž̩۵ɫתת磬̾Ǹúӣ𹼸
ִ
ʲôˣ˵øŮһԩѽ
̩۹æִ˵˼лͷ뿪ˣǳ̻ʺᣬпճ
ִģҿ²ǲˡаŵġ
̫֮˵硣ִҲΪ̻ʺĸӵĴǣ㾰̩۲ӣҲıһȫĺ·ȷʵ谮¹ҲݣһѾѵˡ
̻ʺΨ̾Ϣ˭֪ˡ
*
ʥּһ͵ը˹Ȼִ޸ǰ϶£͵͵سϲʵĴͻȴ֮𡣱˵Ǽ޸һ̱ӣǼ޸ˣ˻ʵ۵˱Ҳ๰֡
ο̩Ͼ˼ǵĻ䣬ȴˣɼڻʵеķ֮ڣҲˡ
ðѷе̿趼ߵˣЩƽš˵ܳɻ˵ףȥ¹˭֪ùķвִԸԳ޸̼ңͻʥּŪˡѲִԻʵҲã˵аô
Ȼͷߵţ
Ϊִҫ˭֪ȴǻī
īһ㵨սľ¹ش󣬲òС㣬Щǽ˲ᣬĿ
ԺЩ˵ȪˣռҲ⣬ϲߵ⻹ûϣвƥ֬ˮۣܲԴеĳϢֹ߳ţԼ˽ҡ
ȻֹʮɡȻֹڿΪãŲ˭֪᲻˽̰ȥϾⶼıǮ׬ġ
ÿ½ˣʵֵӡ
ȴһҲЦҴҿ꣬ýǵ˲ˤϣô£µΪ½ɣ
ī˵۹⣬ͨһڵأū澵£
˿ĭ޲ĻõĶ棬תȴּǵ˼ȥҪˣ˻ڿ˵£λҲûӡ
ɪģҲûӣ˵˭ɵģ
īﶼ˿ǻܼӣ˵С㺦ȣ񲻹ʩٰǼˣҪӡǮµأھ̧ͷ
ؿ죬֪ܳɻԣݱ¡ǿѹͷߣοܼǸ壬̸ڣٹ̣һĵҶ֣ܳɻǸƤԣ˵ҪȥѲŸ״û׼ɵóӡǮ£͹ţȻƻԼе
ҲֻǮôħǣ
ʱв֪ܳɻΪָһִıֻΪ²г˲߳ŭִΪβʵʵ޹ȥأǵȥʵ۸ǰʥּܼҶ档
Լܵ
˽͸ˡ
*
ִʫȥװǾ̩۵漣ˡ
ô﷢ƣִδ뵽⣬п֣᲻Ŀ̫ô˹ġ
ǵͷչݰɣִûԼĲҵңҲǸ⡪ʵ۵īһкܶ˻͵أɲ˷۱
ִ˼ȥҲûƵ⣬ֻõȼ˳˵˲Ž˳ᢾʤǧ֣ʮԼҲ
ңҲԸ߳ʥϴͻϢ˵˵ˣִܾãԼ׿˵á֪᲻һСϱģĵԼӢš
ִ뵽˴ɵ΢Ц´ȴѾɬǮûˡΪʾǷֻӣϺõ̴ľװѣԽ飬ȥһӣϾõ߰˰ˣǮʣ޼
ϴСûԹǮĿ࣬ȻҲûǮѴƽ͸ִĶЩʱѡͷ棬һʱҲױ
ִ˼ȥҴҪǮ룬ǻֺ룬Ը´ΪǷ
ջʱˡ
ִʩʩȻȥڱȡŽã㲻ɣ
ֻֻӬޱȶģΪ½ͷö˭֪ƫ˸
ǿųһЦͷͨ
˵žҪŹϡ
ִȴһƵضſڣʲãò˰ɣɨԭŮױ̨û޷ۼҲһҲԿġ
ҳԿѽгǼ챦ʯͷ涼¹ʱģƽհǰ̷ѪǮ׸ˣ
ңһֹ֮ˡȻִռˣɵӲء
ۿ״򷢣ֻҧһҧԭܳɻԵĶʮַѡŲãִӳȡʮɢӣһԽִУ㣬û˰ɣ
ԹѾ磬ȥд㹬Ů̫Ӷûˣ֪ᱻЦЩūῴ²˵ġ
ִɹ˲飬ԹԵȷĿĵΪˬһŵǧ£һ㡣
Ѫ»شҲɽˣִǧС㣬ʮޣҹ棬ӾƣҪǮҪ
ƫƫе˻ƿʵ۶ٰأ
һվԼߵġ̲סЦ㣬˵Ҫˣ
ִȻ¶ãȻԭи磿
һ֣㲻֪ҲҪȻܼˣʱԸ㻹⡣
ִ˼λ罻ʮֲϾʮãȻġλƢҲôãʱһԼеĵλ᧿Σ
ν֪֪ˣսִԼ׼
ȥʴϣȴɻ󣬡Ҫ˭˵ģ
뵽־ط۰ãдŸϷڹ
ҡҡͷһֱûԴ˵£´кν١˵־طãȴȲóϦദʮĸ飬־طǸֱƢʱ˷
ϱ뻺ظ񴺶Ѿ֪ٲ̾һҪȥξ꣬˭֪ȴҪţĹŹ֣ˡ
ִⷬλδضѶԸЦŰοϣģԹѪŨˮţ粻ҹȥġ
δȻӵ־طҵϢǸߴͦεˣŨüĿϻвɫĺ磬ǻ֮ǰҴҹȥδεøɾ
ϲ֮ҪȥӭȴִΪǿһͷ˻Уĵ磬ˣ
־ط־ϲһƮƮģԭôĽô


30 .     ʵһҲⱻУġ
û뵽ִ, ˵Ƥ񣬵һμ͸ҹ˻ꡪ磬Ҳİ, бҪȵֵز
ȴϴƹе֣־ط֮ͯ, ٺãҲܺϡ
ңִô֦Ҷģ, ˶ϲġ
Ȼȴ֪־طھӪ꣬˾е۹, ȺѪԺǿ롪;̫ˣŲ̫, ִʵֺģϲ
Сﻹһһ硱, ־طٴİ, תۼҲʧӰ١ۿִ§ߴߴѯʹ£־طͣ½Ųĸ
벻С۽󣬸һŮӾլ, ־طõӡˡ
̲סŤͷãҿƢͦ͵ģ˵ưѽ
ôͰҸˣ
ִУԺЦϷæΧ˵Ĳ, Ǹ˴˴޶˾У˵ﻰҪ㡣
־طжˣһͽִԼϣֺǺǵĵߣȥĸס
ⲻ֪һԵѷʶôЩ꣬δܹءʵ־طҲܾҪˤ˷ﲻٲñЩ롣
һϷδżϱ㻣ý𣬡ϸЩˤˣ
־ط˸ſ򽫽ߣǺֱײͷǵóһɡ
ִȴɵһպôӿ߲飬Ц첲û£Һأ
ӼƵġ
ŭǻϲ뻹Ǵб£ôͰշˡնϵѪơ
Ͼ˵⣬ﵱȻϣһҺģڣϱŵǿҲи
ΨĵεӰֻмֹĿ
⼸µΪĽ˲죬ԭúһֹƫ͹ˡ
ȻձϾԲϻǷ½٣ɫصôˣ
־طʱŷСɫ죬Ҫ˵ȴԼִĻ˵㼱æûʲôֻŴ½겻ڳй꣬Ůġ
ùƵˣ˵Ҳÿɡ
־طЦҲ̫ˣѾ꣬ԼչԼõǲģ
һ졣
俴⸱ɣ콫û׵˹ϣɵ׹ǵ棬˵ˣ㸸װæһɡ
һϲ˳ˣɲ˵عѵ
ʱһӳӰԵĲˣչ˲˵Ŀζִ޷ʳ
Щʳʣ䵱ִζسǵʱǵθڡ
ִֻеؼһóóԵġ
־طЦС㲻֪ϵġ
ִۣô
ִջؼʱҲû뵽ʼʩǻԼΪڴǰװƽĺãǿų˼Ƭϣͬﻢ¡
ֻܺף£֪ҵĿζͱˣİЩ
ҪӻᵽˣȻûôɬζǻ֭Ż
治ɫ˿ڲ裬̹ȥ
ִзͷһŮʣȻɴҲװ
֮ڲطȥˡǳ̫಻óԵĶ͵͵¡
־طʳŹԺд桪û׼ϵҶӡ
ִ÷ڴԺԼңɾⷬڡ
λƺǵĻӣڴӾﵽѧЩ汾¡
ִǺǰ磬ܲܽҼȭŹ򣿡
־طܻɣô
ǰڼҵʱ򣬵Ľϰ䣬Ǻû¾ͻط廨ȥˣ֮ǳƲִȻŽʵȴҲδг֮Ժ
ɼŮӼͲøϰС
ִŷˣ˿ˣȻǾͶһޣȰں޳ִ͸գ
־ط㱾͸һա
ִ
Ŷѧźݻ硣Ȼûлͷִǿţãѧɣұ㲻š
յ˵˿ɲ㣬ÿ׵˼־طɽǰѵӸˣҲ᲻Ҫѧҽˣֻһ˿ɲԹ
ִظ˭ͷ˭С
Ȼ־طҲûʲôرı£ֻȽһɹ򣬴ɽ˵ǺĿִܻλԼ̰档
ô˵ҲǸʵУó죬ֲСθԺģ˶ˡ
òִ࣬ĳȻҪʩ룬ҲĦǵķӽ̸£ƽʱ´ͼɡȻδһС۰ǳģԼõزȥָֻú˼ˡ
־طͼͬһͬɽԣִҲƽ׼οһλˮү
ͷңϻմŲҶ¶ˮܻĸҰ˻һˡ
ִ¶ͳһƳγεĵ־ϸϸɾһŵ𡣡
溮˪ͷȴʵؽһ븹Уǿǿ
ִϰߺֱŤĹС֪ͨǿ˼ǡζѳ͸³ˡ
Ц媵صϲͺãҴɽϼģΪ붬ûˣ˭֪Ȼ
Ƴһۣ㶼˭һ𣿡
ִûעͼѽ
ѣ˵ζȴŭˣִĽʣ̹֮ϣôҲ֪δһɣ
ִ˵ζǸʲôζ漴ӦԣҸ硣
ɽϴʱҲͽ˳ԣ˳ơ˵ľζɣ
ʶظ磿
ԣ㻹֪ɣҴˡִشսүѵ˵ڳԴף
ͻȻľٶŪòñסͷûС
ǾͺáִЦеصȻóĺøУȴٳֺøеӡּ˳Ȼɻ֮˶ñ˴˺ʣô͹ȥҲ޷֮ĸǣȴԸͶġ
ǰ֮ٺãҲѱɵڶֹΪڶϣõ껪ֵܱԱ˴˵ûɾ䡣
ʱִв֪ԼһѾ̼Ұˡʥ״͵Եôײɢģ룬ǵõõʵ۵׼ɡ
ȴΪ֪ŻԸȥʥּŮӶһƬ൨Գ̹
ɻ֮ԼһҪضãܣӰԼߣ֡ץűǣĿһ˿ĪóԴ˸Ĵףִ磬Ǿᡣ
ִ벻֪ߵ껹һ棬ֻԹԵؽ̩۴͵ó㿴δΪã
ദ˼£ٿǮıԣǶִ뿿Ƶ뷨ȴôͬʥ֪£ػᲪȻŭ
ۻʵʫţԾ̩۵Ըԣ޼֮ǮϹϵȻϻδϲִ
ֶĵȻ˽ø
ִ¶ǣѵֻܸɷţ
ܻܿӣоÿϧ
ѵü˾ɥ̲סͷɿǵ裬ֵջأֻ⣬ȥīիС
īիǳ̼ҵĲҵҲǳĹŶֻľٵ˻ʵ۱īΪ֮ػἤҲܴٽлƷۡⲿӵ룬ִܵõ
ô䵭˵ȴִĿϡȷʵûбǮķˣԻޱ
ִϲ۷Ź⣬ȴֵֹĵⲻУܶҵȥ˲Źƽ
Ǳһң֮䣬αοЩʱշ£ʳԭǷһˡ
ִ;δƽ⣬λ˵öãֹ޽ٵӣһٲʺƨ
޲ǰĲүһڣ³ΣˣΪͦͬƣлү
ޱϧ򴽽ǣʾôˣͲ֪ͨأĥߴ
ʵһҲⱻУġ


31 .     ѲɣǴŵ̫ãѾ
ִַ¾뿪, ҲǵȥҽƽϵĸԣԴȴޱȵΣ, Լò졣
Ҳǳ̼Ҽҵʵڷ񣬳ѹ, ȻҲ˽ִ̡ӣ̹ʳϣѡвԭΪǮ
һΪ
Ҳδִ, Լоղ˲ٻʵī̩ǸĻˣƽսպգ̩۾ϲʹ, ݶѡ
ǽ£ڵ, 򲻿ɹִ⡣
³ô㣿
үȻԼúúõģīիÿĿ, ˭֪Щֻǵ, ЩΪ˻ʵ漣
򵭵ǾͽٳɱϤˣǼҲҵȱһӡ
£
үΪ˺ﻶľѪˣүȻǷһ, ֱ˴ˣδô롪үǮǮԼǮǮɼȢžǱȿ׬⡣
±ԼټȻһɿүԵõĵģǴ, Ӣѹ˹أϹͷǺǵɣ
*
ִؼʱȥǰɫ·Լ˵ʲôʲôأ
ִԽٺãҲ벻ǵļơ²ŮӶΪôû˵ĸ˻󰮵ġ
ңȻǹǻز⣬ִҲԼǼʳ֪ζħ
ǳĴģģǰԵĹеˣҲƤƤֲͬķζ
ϵǼģ跨ͷ֬ټˮԼ
ִôһ·߽ţԭΪɫѽƻ裬־طȻô̽׵£˭֪ų̸죬־طԲ١
ͷò࣬Ȼ᲻٣ȴ֯С费ڼͷƽƤɰǴҪԼڴе
Ƽִ㵱ȥ̽ôţĺŻأм󼸸ʱģǻ°ɣ
ִŮǻıʵˣȻҲԼ߼⡣
ִȻøģֻЦŵ̸С⡣
ʫ£Ȼ˵ȴ벻ִеƣֻöԷãΪκ˵ĹҡװɣǸϻԼҵͤ鲻Խػ뻢ڣ¸׹ػһʰ
ǲԷǷ£ֻϣ࣬ʱԼźãһ˦־ȥ
ִסأ
ô֪ǸȺ󹷵ɽȥôӻ𣬱շ־ط䵱Լ͹֮ʹ˭֪˳ȥһľҰˣ⼸ֻ֣һǽǵש
ȻִģѧִǸɣȴЩ΢΢Ľ񱡪־طռŪû˵ģ㶼й˵
һһӣΨˡŭͷ˵Ȼ棬Ž־ط˻ǰ깫ҲһĲֵ
ȴ֪־طʱѾһվſڣŵ
Ⱥ󹷵߶ű裬ɱﵱȻܣҲü¡벻￴ףȴϲ˵˻ⲻô
һ־ط£ּƽңҵȱȻȥá
ſ־ط·ʱһȳһյģȾ𣬽ϻ߸һ飬ǱɽϵĲ޼ˡ
æҪȥ־طȴӿα鷳µġ
ʹһãĽѵĻ־ط鵱Ȼãġ
ɫЩ
ִعȥ־طһֻ첲̧𣬷ŵԼϣ磬ҷߡ
־طˡ
ţĵ׸ζŻðôҲִħС˵˭ţ
ȻɵƵʱ֣ǰ಻סСܹȥʱϸԹӣѵûһˣǶһ棬ȣעȥˡ
ֶྲ
ִģܰæɢᣬѪ
ϾòʧΪ⣬Ҫ˵æɣ
ԹִһۣѧɲţҲû˭֣ûκãʲôֲ֢Сɴˣ
䲻ֳһƬ⣬ǺˣɳӲǱȴǰöôɼѧȫá
˵ǲϹèײӣôζܱȴǰ
뵽ִƫδ⼤ŭǴظ˿ڣӱϾǸˣܷĴ󵨵ΪҽΣ֢ܶʲܱ֤֮ͬܶԴЧŪɳ׾ܰʱȥͲ佫ô
ϵ۶ӣȥܼʮʵʵһأ
ȴߺֳûԴϲ˵磬ŵùңǶһҩǴ¸ģ׼ҩ˳ޱȡ
ִһ֪˵Ȫ˴ӵдǡΪȪˣԭУ
ȴ֪ЩǰµģΪľԤʱ֮裬ѵϻᣬȻóû־طĺøУλĴ£
־طõ˵ڿţ뵽С龫ֵģδѣһҲ޷㻹ǵ˵ͷ
ֱǸسִһЦ
ִȻνģʩǸֵʡأȪβȻáȻ־طûãִȴһʣϲƢҲԸ޲һ
ȻվᰭŮ£ִ֪ȤظǣЪŰɣ㡣
ȥ־طüϵαضԶƣҲһ⡣
˵Ϊִϰһҽھܾ˶õġ
ƲƲ죬Žǿͷͣɵѵ뱻һģ
־طͷ룬òǳЩɲȽ˵ҩܷЧô۸׽Щ벻ۼѪ
˸߲ػطβһ̳򿪣˴ԼһȪˮʵƽС͹ˡ¶һ֣ȻԽԽá
ܵطһ㣬־طоȻ٣ʹҲôˣǸмسãл㡣
ֵڴαؿףЪŰɣ׼ϻȻһ£˶
ʮİաϾȪˣԶְִ³Ŵȡ
ȥ˯һ
ִЩշת࣬˲Ůı£ΪԹȴ֪̫ǿȪˮΰٲ㲻ϣκ־ط϶Сһ֮־ط᲻أ
òײŽ־طȡȥķֻȴװء
ִ˯ģδ¶⣬㱻ͷѡ
ƳȥƴҴһ֣үĲּˣС˵һޣСȸ߸𣬶ͷˣ̫̫ȥشݵĴأ
ִüͷûҪ磬Ȫм٣ΪηӲأ
ôһ磬شֻ»ûţ˿Ҳ鲻ãִҴΪҩ䣬ٴ׽룬׼÷ѪƷȻô˶ѻͷá
ʱҲů״ŵùǺȷȪûҲշʩãΪΡΪξ񻯣
ѲɣǴŵ̫ãѾڱˣ


32 .     ׼ĸѵùŮܲ
ִ˵, ҲԻһ־طһ㰲Ȼ˿ȷЩĿ, Ҳ׳ͷ£Ǹ
˵, ȪʹɥʧҩԣҲһҹɾ綾οԭ, 涾ջۣҲѶ˵ġ
ִһȡ߶Ȱ׾Ϊϴ˿, һЦ㺿øɱƵģ֪ĻΪۼ͹أ
־طܲ˼, ԭģҲòΣóЩӺ
ҡͷ, ôƢ, ۣ¼Ѫô뵽ȥξġ
־طû뵽ĸ̨ͨ, æһ
ִȻҲЦЦȴº͵ģǸСɳܡе㷴ȡ
üĵ̫ƽʢҪѪ⣬δ̫Ϊˣ, Ҳڵǹϣűֵָó̵ĹѫѽͷһٶʮģſΪھɣ
־طԼûҰӵһǻѪƵͦŵ˵Ĳһʧġ
ûƣǿʵˣ˵һǧһֻҪƽƽҴͳˣڷҵأ
ֹöźǷʲôڣ
Ϸַ˯˶ֲ֣Ψ־طգۣǲ⡪ﲻһҪõô
Ҳĸ֦ͣҶ˵ҲףֻдԼСްĸܡ
ϱɷ𣬱䵭Ůĺ£Ը˵ΪطˣһҹˣҾ֪ĵ
ֹ΢΢üϽ˵ǹŷ̶ʲôŮҵŮѵһģͬҲòλεظѿŸöܰ
ֹϾʢŭ߿߿ǶŮĲصֻóʣô£
Դӽ𴲿־طƣһ˫۱޵ֺףӻĿήȴǿ֧ţҲãҩ粻֢˲飬ҪͷҰɡ
ִĬؽС˻֮ٸƤ⣬Ѫų֮Է˿֮ˣ²Ϊ־طƣǴӱ𡪡Ͼ־طõĲǾ֢òſȪ֮ǳںôϲ
ôȻҲеӦĺ
Ϳֹôˡ
ֹȻѣ»ãƫƫ־طǸջϵעȫڶϡһΪƫؿڸ鷳أ
ֹֻЦҿҲǳĵģ硭
ϲ˵ֻŴ⣬˵ҩ֮ǰƵķӰɣҼǵã̫̫Ҳм̳
ΣԺӾôżмҲײϡȪˮʱֻϡ棬ڿء
ֹͷͻͻԾȪˮ⣬̫̫˿ôǺãְĽҪͷʱǣǰ
ԼҲùº֢ء
ôһ룬ֹŮҲûʲôɫˣҲˣڸףҿЩãͱ˶ĵطȥˡ
ϵȻû
־طеĲ̣һ֣񲻱ȴһٻܣȻдɱϾԼģĹɡ
ȻֹȴУһ÷
־ط
һõôôȴ˸˰㣿@@ĭ
ãֹΪΪԼѹܾͷη뵡ǺЩȪˮĸá
ȻԼϣֻǨŭŮͷϡ
е㻳ɣѲɼ־طҪãﲻŹ¶ˣˣŮúúýһˡ
ò˵ʵԩִȻľҲó԰ֱ磬˵ǰ⸱⿴ġ˵õĸŮТأԭ顣
͸չʵӣֵػݹؽգִҲѾ˿ڣŧѪų˿ڵˮ׹Ȼ᲻٣Ҳô}ˡ
ִҩ£ǵȻشݵĴǶĽҩãҲ죬ɱĴҴˡ
־طԹԵͷҲɽˣ˭֪ѩﻹжٲ޼УԼνɻػͶáüΪԼ£Ҳֲ˼ġ
ֹû뵽ŮȻͨҽӲɫǴĹ͡ԼСˡ
ִһǴֹҲȻüĿΣң³ȣҵŮ
ִĵ׷˸İֻۣĴ˲̳ĻδҲ̫˰ɣ
ҲЩɷִ𱼲һˣó뼦˿࣬Ӹո£Ŀζ
ֹûķݣöȥϳ
ȥһĿ⡣
ȴɱֻ㰢طЩ嵭İɣƣ˵꣬˲٣ٲ£ҿŶȥˡ
ֹⷬĻңôô΢΢ѣ˭йٳӦ࣬ȰƣҲš
Լû㿷֮ˡ
ִڰЦԼܻǸӣֻҪһ´Ͼͻᰰǰǰ̣ȴ֪ȥǲĭ˾󣬴ϿĲһɫˣֹôֻ´ҹ³
ļƻʵѾԶˡ
*
ִľĿ־طĽ˺ܿͺõòˣȴⲻù
Ȼٰ⣬ֹΪ⣬ֻȪ⡪Ҳ˵ԼȪЧԴƿᶳʣľֻ̳ӣһʢŭ֮ٸô죿
Ͷ·ʲôûˡ
ֹȴɱɷŹ뷨Ӱ̫̫ļ̳ҩƸˣó£ִ߱дţҩֻ
Ҳе㵣ĳ£ԼǲЩģ㽫ҩΪ͸̫Ľ̫⣬ô
һһ£ΪȫԸȥ˷ţȪͻҲʵĽ԰æ롣
ûƴǣԭⲻհ죬ǴӻŵǹԼôɵģֻöԷⷴڣȥǮĶȲӡ
һķ·ڻ֭У͸ˣ̬ȣҸǸʯ̨Ȫˮ⡪ɹ̷Լ
˽ʶ񣬳ֵ÷꣬˶֪Ҫ޽ӸŮˣģ˭Ҫ
οҲϷҴ󴬣˹˭ܰ׼ƽʵҰֻļЩʱ˳̸ۻˡ
Σһϵƣ뽫£룡
ִȻǲµġȹһֵĳϦ³һϾʹƽ˵׷ѣȻҪȶʽɻ
û뵽ִ죬ԼޣϴµȺ򡣽·ͻȻͷûᡢ̶ûüأ
°Цү˵ģбţҲƲ˭֪͸˸˰㡣
ۿֻ඼ˣ̲סүģ˾ڻӦأᵡġ
һۣ׼ĸѵùŮܲ¶˵ȥѽ


33 .  ĵ   ãֲĵ
ִڻλ˵, Ӻùǰһ
˵ֱ޵ˡˣһǧҲֹˮò䲻ڽζ, ڵִӦѾжˡ
ֻǾóʵڻ֯, ƣ֪ΪҪɹ١
ĿתضԼǵϲ, ѡĲƣһӾͳΪĽء
̷ǰЦ, ԼҶţѵȸƵĴ, ֮һֻʹ˻ͷ
˵մҲ⻨ŽأۺɫԽаͷϻ˼֦Ρէһ, Ϊ껭ϵĸޡ
˼, ǰĻĸס
̷˿ڽƤָһԵĴϵ㺰ң
򲻽, ôеҲûδžĵҲ̫Цˡ
ǵ׼Թŭⲻ֪ϿֻȤֹŰѧһദȻôô, ¶ѭ浸أƵûš
ǿ͵ĵϲҲ޷ôС
򱾾ͰӸӺ͸γѪλƤĳֻţ޲ĸ
ִЦʵǳ̫΢էһǡĸԣСϱô
ϼŮΣֱ£ʾֵ㣬żҿЦ
ִֻùׯĵүز𣿡
ϻˮ飬˵˹ŴҴϴҸһ˯
һȴѰǶתˡϴĴ׷ѣ·ƵƽȻֱ׼ңԵ̫ˡ
Ϳһ˫ƤСѥŲҶϵѩִһС¹ӳųϼϧԼһͣźġ
̫ԣ˴𻰡
ִЩѵû˯ûԺţֻôڨ˵һ䣺
еȴǴʣţͦԲġ
ִ㶺أϦҹ
ոˡ
һԵĳ̷˼ЦǡǴˣôȴһһشأ
ң뵱ʶʱҲǹ͵ȥˣѹûԷ˵Щʲôɼʱ˵עѼеġ
̷ǿΧ򣬴ﵽԺһɣǼҵ԰ӣҲɢɢģŹƵġ
ʵִǰأͰѸһһľˣ̷˵Ϊ˸쵥ദĻᡣ
ȻᣬϵһãԹִá
ִҲѩ·ˤţڳտ
ϿϻοԭĴӦЩԱţӵĸ൱Ĭ˻оȴһѪ
Ȼϣѡһ׮ްĻôԼ˵ֹĸѺۣٳɻ֮Ǽ꣬ȷȷʵʵҸģʹͷԷɣҲûʲôźˡ
̷˿ڲ裬ʵ˵ʮģ
˵ϱ㷸Ƕˣѡû䡣˵ڹܳͷ˿ܻǸﳤ֪ŮЩ˼Ҷϵ£мţϣȰɩӰæô̫ʧӡƫƫǼλɩӲȻ£ȴٰǣû᲻ᰴʱ
̷˳Ƭ̣ҿҲطˣҰﴺɡ
⣬ʹô־ϲһɵ²ż汸ŮԳߵ̷ݵλ޿ޣͶݣļȻޡ
̷ЦʲôԭһӣҲҵŮһ㣬һЩ޵̼޲˲һˣʡ£
Ϊ֮
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λĵúڣԺǶδȴĬִΪոռʻûӦ±ЩûȤҲס˿ڡ
ŵǸ
ǳʵ㡭׼ôˣ
ִ֪ʻ޵£ȴ֪Ϊأ̼ҵƸ׼ҵļױҲѾкãǰչимŮ׼֮һǱʾУҲ֤ҵŮŮͨǸּеĵ䷶
ִĴʲôõóֵģ֮ǰȻ˼£ǶصòأԼʱ򴩵ģ˵ʵôʲôƵھũݾѶˣ
ִҲһԧ죬̣治˵־طָ췢˵ǷѼӣ޲ðⶾĽ״ãǰΪβš
ǣܲʲôҲѽͷһ˵лġ
ִĿһת䵽˫಼Ьͷк⣬үΪ˫Ьɣ
Ӧþܽˡ
ȴ㲻Ϊα죬˵ЬҲǺ˽ܵɡŮˣҲࡣ
ִھҪΪЬɼŮΪ˶ô
סĵȸԾյĵá
˯¶ˣ˫ЬҲûʲô
ִɿ˵Ьò˶ٻµȻ׵ö࣬ǲǵ˳ΪҲһ˫Ȼ־طƼָֻȡЦ˵첲ˡ
־طǸڵƢЬ̫ѣСţƤһ˫ʵĥ
ִŵĶȥɹƤӣɳʣ˵ǰ˽ţԴ
ʵ˸һ棬˳ͨϵϾִλֳĽƺշߵˣͨ͸ˡ
ִͷǻɽû񱻲ݵĲ޼ˣ˵˴͵ʲôҩûκãˡ
ЦҲˣ
ִ˵磬Ϊ˵˿ޣ˭֪ϵáں˳𡰴硱
ִֵصҲδҵҽôɫԭأֻ䷨Ūɳ׾
һ˵ҩǴ͵ģ
ִ˵ǣȪǸܣҲ뵽£δԼлϾڻûּء
ü޸ģޱһ壬˭ζһ
ȴĬĬ߰ʱҲиҽβ˵ǴӼˣ״ˣȻӿʲô⣬ɴƽ¹һ㰵жЩ
оɺϣǹ⣿
̤ϸѩԺͥŲлֱ¹Ųòֵ
ִɴĽŲ̲סѵӦҵ¡
ִָ֪˫ЬԹԵͷŲӻشȥǽ˽ܵɲֵôĵġ
һԵƼ˼գȴȻһʲôҪأ
˲˽⣬ȴүеĻ׳棬֪λүţʵǻˮǰżЩСءͷݣϹ˶
Ϊ˸ɷȴ֪ԼǴ׵ķ򣬼֮ڣֻԸรɣ
*
ϻصңԽյʮ⣬ңȲҲкúܶࡪʵƲҲˡ
û׼ԲСءȻ̼˿Ҳ٣ɱȴڳ̼վȽŸ̫ƽӣĲ¡
ֹ󣬴ϱ˵˳̷һ¡ʵ֪ͨʵøɷ˵
ֹԷϵ䵭ŨŨĶѳЦ⵱Ȼã̷һ˵أҲһ
㲻Һôõ˼ҷ¡
ض̼Һ⣬Ȼ񶼵ðòײࡪɼ˻ͷ׼ҹá
ֹ˵ޱȣȴҲú鷳ȥ̷ˡϾ̷ֻǴ׼ң׼ң˼˽ģҲ޷
ΪҺԱɵĵ޺ϣȻƷȴϻЩɷ۾УֹҲҲõѡˡݱǸ⣬ȥˣѲɻҪΪֵǷꣿ
ֹԭΪŮĿģ˭֪˵֮ȴһǻԹȻͬһ죬Ϊβó̷˴Ϊסأⲻִȥô
˵˵ȥǴ̫˽ȻƾĽ飬Ⱦ̷֮ͣ˶Ϻܾ
븸װæֹ֪æµٳ϶Ӧ겻Ļй˼СŮ¡˭һôΪȥ̼ҸĿڣֲΧһתġ
ֹؾŮ飬˼ķȥʾôмõˡ
ˬԼ뵽ڼҴҲҲʵֻűӴӦ鲻ãֻҴұ˵㱡ҲûλѾõĵɫĵȫǶġ
յﵱʱЦˣΪСôĶʶ壬˭֪Ϊ˴ȴ𣬲Ϸ˵ӣء˭֪ĸ·ﱨҰ֣òģΪԼǧСһҲЦ
С㶼ûµģôϲ̼ңΪβӦ޸ӣ˰ͷЩ
֮ջҲΪĵΪԺڳˣ˭֪һաãֲĵˡ


34 .     Ļע̫ƽ
Ȱݷó֮, ִŴ½˼ݣǽ鷺Ҳϵ, Ψ԰ʫ˶磬·ûͶԵ
˵, ԸߡЭһɺѻΡ
ִھûˣַæ, ˵ֹǱߵַҲѣʣµΨֺ졪ִܵǸСƨ, ʹλСԸ⣬Ҳֺ, ϾһֻһΣܸˡ
֮٣ִȻм, ֮ľҲ١
ЦЩôֻأ
, ԵȻǺ¡Դ԰һСûʺ֮ĴҲôհǰ˺ˣ֮ʫҲ½ո¶ͷǡȻ, ԼĲһ棬ҲǸء
ִһ紺ĵڼʱá
ӺˣҲ˵ʫ䣬Ϊ, ܺһӣĿռ֮Գ⣬Ĵ
˿ܷʡŬĹˡ
˶ҲôȤִĻ£ǳ˵÷ףˣô
ִһԼ䱦ΣУ˭˵ģ
˦˦Ļ磬ܳɻѣӱŲΪͷ˶ʢҼ꣬ͷԽԽһŮƽ£
еΪѲֵȻƽŻڣҲᣬִ׵ò̸£̱ϧʵΪִһɳı飬ķɫҲΪһŮı־
Լ̫𪣬̫һΪͥԺ˼ľ׮ӣ׼һȭأ
ִ
˻Ǳˣ˼·ɼ츳Ĳͷαȥ߲ʺϵ·أ
ִı۰˳ʹʲô
ִĬȻոֻɵ
ˣ
̾Ͷˣȷʺϰ·ӣϧˣѧִҸеɷء˵ʱԲôԲƾӵ񣬿Ǹ±ߵǸֱִض㲻Ǭߵ
˱Լ󾽵ͨ죬æ⣬֪ةŮλ⣿
ִ˵ǲǹô
ҪǼ޸⣬ô㶼˰ɣ
˴ӱɲƫƫ˼ҽĴС㣬ҲѧϷﺦ˼ͲȫǶ֪أ
ִģô֣͹ͬ޽̼ңֵص㣬Ҫǻʺ͹ˮݣ𻹲࣬ܽ£ԣǹﲻʾ̽ӣı߶ܰġ
ִȴ벻ΣҲǰû̫ãһ¶棬п˵ϸˡ
ִԼǵøǰЭ飬֮ҵڶУз֮ʱ䣬е£ʲôͨСһŲҸС׽ɫ
ԼѾḻˣʵûȥԸһŮˣȻҲ˼Ը
ϵɵȻʣֻ˵Ϊ˷룬ϾһŮ˾͹ܵˣٶ࣬Ϸ硣
*
ԪҹһĻƣϷҪŮȥ㣬Ե˳죬ܼ絮ãżվȽŸ
ִǺЩһ׮£ɲɣǴӦ˴ϵ顣
ԭûֱԪѽڲŽ˽㣬˭֪̰ƣЩأԭûīȥҩץҩԣһĸŮļƻӻԾĵҲ뵽ȥǩһȥɡ
νǩȻԵ䲻ȴǰУ֮Ҳ̿ΩԸռ޽ӸԼҲһ׮¡
ô׼˸߲ҵʰ·ȼ˻ġ
ִ΢΢ƣϵò˽뿪󹦷Ѿҹˣı鿴Ѿᣬʤһ¥ȻˣʲôģǵȥԵ
û˵ԭŮŷġ
ִ˼䣬ѾãʾȥȵɽǸΣЩǮţͽηʹá
˵ţһɢӽ
ִûƴǣȱǮ˾ֻΪһԭŮ
Ȼ̣ĸŮҲ̫ˣ͸Ұȳ²֣޴ƫģһζŮѲִѸļҵƽôΣ
᧿Σ׼Ȼ֮ҵһļױ¡ƽ޹ȥԴʲôҪǮĵطļױԽʡ
ڵ᲻ͬ⡭һ޷ңյļƻ˳ױ׼ˡ
ȻȥĿһĨɫȵСִܵǰ粢簤š
ִ¶ɫ򴰱ŲŲУǼ鼴һ㶼õĺ⡣
һӻңǻԹؿŴϣָ˵仰Ѳɾִ˦ӣ
Ȼȴװɼ£ţԴӼʶɷƫĺѲָһң۵ģôһ۰ӡ
Եùƽ
ôϴֻĸŮһżԼҲĵǵεȻ޴桪ԭüеļƻЩ˴϶֮룬ǵִԵͷĸŮŻᷴʡԼΪ
ⲻԼǲʹġ
λɽƣȻɽűǴϢĳɼ¶ôʢ¡
ϵҲ˲һСΣɽ֪ɮΡ
ԳһִùˣȻտҪǴĵװӦѡ
ִÿ죬ʱʣ´ֲ˸ܽӴƨɲѳ롣
ִЦӯӯص٩ùڼֻԲȻ˲٣Ǹ߶ǰһ֫ӯϸ
ǳɫ޲ҸضȥִĿ࣬רʹӡ˭ˣȷǰһ㣬˼˶£ִֵģֻܼ޸̱ӡ
֪ɮ벻֪ҲִЦʩãȤˡ
޲ýǼɮƵµȥĿǰҲֻװµϵĻңҧһ˿Ц⣺㣬ǿЩȥɣָϲϵһֽ㡣
ִˣΪƢʱƨɶؼҲŶԣ£ҲԼʱƽˣ
Ļע̫ƽ


35 .     أִǿţҲݡ
˻, ʱ磬͵Ǻܶࡣɽ֯Щٹѵо, ٵһ֮ŻҪ󱣳£Ͳ˵ˡ
ִϹһ, ˳ȥߣʵȥĶһɡ
ִ֣, 㻹ǺԵɡ
Ĺʵϣϵһ, ϣ治ҪյǨŭĻ¡±ӣ֤, ֮ٴǲѵġ
ִŲƫһСֻһɮɨأ˫ֺʮ, ʵʦ, 빩һյƣҹϢ֪δ
ɮ΢̧ƤҲ, ԽŴ򿪣˴ɡ
ִƽ񣬳˶ЩƢ⡣Сȫ, ҵشƫƧѵõľиá
ִ˿Ӱȡʮɽִ٣ֻôЩʦֻܸ֪
ɮĬ£Զ٣ֻʣʩ뱣Ӻˣ
ִЩִ٣Ǹʶ첻ӣţҲ֪ƮɢδΨеһյΪָԸ価ҵ鴦Ǽ֡
⣬ҲΪԭΨһһ¡
ɮ̾Ϣȥȥʩαִţ
ִɮ˵ĪѿֻߣƻȻ׹ֻأ
ˣִҪȻЦ²İ֣ҲãҲգʦҪ𣬶ҵģԣΪ·ɡ
ɮݣȻһۺ󣬴
ִѭʾֽƵϣÿ¶ʮ͵Ǯ֣ظˡдһⲯںƱΪĸοȻʱȴ޻˵ɣûô˵Ҫԭúֻԭһ޲֣̫ƽǡ
ӷóֻϺѾ꣬ȥѰĸɮŶۣ֪ǷԴˡ
ִֽ°Ųţɽ¼˳ԵһѵΨʳжƢθ˽Щʵƺˡ
ִֻ÷£˱峦θ
һǰٰزʣգĵ㣬ûѾͷɽܷƽʹӣ
ִʱپܾЩͨˣֻôʡ
ȻȴѰѾͷ֮ǰ˴ֻģ첹ϴãȭͷ͸СɳƵģһȭڶϣûѪ
ֻЩ̬֮Ҹоöˣ࣬ƣСƬ̰ɡ
֮⣬ɿʣ蹩˲ˮʹ
ִ᲻һѾͷװ没üʵ㵽ҪҪȻȥЩҩ
һﶼᱸϽ𶧻絤֮࣬µ֧ǾͲˡ
ȻҲʲô󲡣ɮзӡ
ĺ⣬ǲ˿صͽģʵڲأЪһЪͻõġ
ô˵ˣִȻ岻ݴǣ˦ֳѰҩȥȴûע⵽¶һ˿Цݡ
絤Ѱһ֪ɮ·ܿѰ˼
˵ǳͤϡͣЩ˰ͽᶼ˵ºɽ÷ã֪ʩһۣ
ִ룬Ǹ̬ʵᣬҲõȵİǰʹСɳֽҩȥԸȹݵصԺͻ
;֪ɮϸϸͬ÷ӣִϸϸ֪ԭ⻤µ÷ǹһ֧÷һּƵƵժȡ
ɮҲּɣϾһʲƵء
ִ̲סЦ֪µ÷֮º磿
֪ɮϲϣ¶ΣȻǱȲõģǿ̫ڻʵֵİ÷ȫǶûá
ִΪԺĵҾҼ
֪ɮţ÷ѻµİ÷٣ñʲôϣѰͲ˵̤ˣԶԶһ۶ܹ񾩳ǹͷҲƽʣü꣬λүԺһСģñմȾ
ִ˵ҿɲǱˣˣ͹һùأ軨׷ˡ
˽֮£ִȻö˵οǳˡദĵεΣӳʵáǲѿһĽ׶Σ뵽ĭյˡ
֪ɮͿŮ߶߶վ÷£ͻ߻һƵЦЩŮ£׽͸
֪ɮ̾ϢǰҩСɳֹҴҵʦ֣ǰ߳˵£ҹȥɡ
֪ɮֻóִʩ񣬱ǸʩԱ㣬ƶɮȥȥͻء
ִף޷
ɲϲ߶߶ڶ˵ֵң˭֪մǰƬ÷֣߱㴫һ͵͵İЦ
ִ̾Ҳֱƹһкϱ÷һֻ첲Ľ˹ȥִ޳ɣѱһ׼šصǴ˶ģƾʲôĵͽӶֵñˡ
Ȼݺȴ⧲֣㣡
*
跨Сɳ֧֪ɮǼ٣üƻеôˣɽƧܳɻѵ˰ɡٲ֣Ǹûõķñ˶;
ض壬ܳɻԲſ֣Լֺ˵˵ȻܳɻԵٴҲҸⷸĹģûԼ䵱ˣִı۰ܳɻôĿꣿ
ִԻ˯ƣյҩ裬ûһʱѲģʱܳɻ罫˴ɽȥˡòʲôйŮ⹲һҹ˭˵ġ
û˿еףʹִѭʥּ޽ƽҲõżҵϲ̷ֳ˱˵ִɨسŶ㲻ˡ
ʱɵۿĸŮúεҵľء˿ڱĲˮͷȴδ˿ᣬʵ̫˷ܡҲ̫Ȳˡ
ǰСɳֺֹһŶ̼Уλ͵ġ
ҿһƣȻӵıʼȥһᣬ˵зݴҪ͸벻ܳɻԾеԭΪִ˽Юɽ㹻ˣ˭֪ܳɻԾҹȻ˶ʣõִ
أִǿţҲټ޽̸
ЦδΣסǻϲãСɳѯòȷʵԷǸӣڰġɽΰݵĶǸҵ̫̫С㣬깫û͵סԵģܳɻб˿ûй
ȻܣǲɽṈ̀һˤⱲӶվܡִֵ˶ˡ
ѶҪţ˭֪꽲ֻһˣüأ
¸ôۼ֤Ůĳ̬´ϻȥ͵ϵѴ֮Ϊڳλá
Ȼϵĸ첲ãҲ㣬һȥҰɡ


36 .     ĸүߵġ
ִò, Ų鲻ԸջЩ룬ôˣ
վ÷м˱Ȼζ, ֲҿģΪβ
ִ
Գûʲô, ʲԼ䲻, Ǹ˶ŵðɣ
ң뵽÷˶ã֪ɮ˵Щ붼ȥ, ԼȻǸǳϲҫŮˡȻʵҲˡ
ִϵľ, ¹٣С֮ͽΪ
ЦС, ˿ⲻˡ
ѵüִʧ̬, Ϊ첻µزµģû뵽ҲŮӵӱһ棬еȤζ
漴֪ˣִü, ˻룬ǺС˿ѳɰˡ
ͷͿĨӲҩĶ֭ΪıԷһɽ״ʵŹ֣ܲۡ
ϥǣ̾ұҲǰˡ
ִƢ, ֪޳ӲԼˣʾ
ִȻˣƣֻ׺ϥǹȻЩף̲סԹůЩʱãƫŽգ
ĵ˱գδ㡣
ִһͣȴĬΪͿϻʹҩ࣬ĵǲǹԶǣˡֲϰߵġ
̼ǵøռʱһβģ̸ǰ£ʡ
üҩĽ⣬ִ֪ЩԹ鷳ЦڣҲȫ񡣡
һͷƺһԼǸװͷ
Ȼˣ֪ưոݣִȻЩ⼿ɳ֣Ҳʡ¡
ֻʵ˭
ܳɻԡ峺ɤѵôһ˿֮⣬Ҳ벻˾ȻģһٶѰִ鷳
ʲôʱģִʡ
һǰ
ʱִ֪ɮ껤µĸɫżһҫԼ͵÷㷢÷ﻹǱ˸̽ӣһ·Ѳڽס
ִ
ԣԼ˵Щ汻δȥˣ߳ܡ˵˵Ŀĸһ°ɣһ͵ܳɻԶ˼ֹ
ˣҪˣҲٿ⡣
ȻԼдܳɻҪˣǰ಻ס˼һ桪ġ
ִҲֱ׳δã
һԵȴƺ߶ûУɼܳɻֻʣ޽ˡ
ִͷţͽѲȥա
Ƿδ죬ܳɻӼ㲻٣һˮ׼µ߰˰ˡЩӱĲǮȴСʱռ໹ǷܼҺúúһˡ
ô򵥣Ͳٸɵģ
ִ˼ʲô⣿
ȻԼҲܳɻԹףдӹڣܳɻԶмּɵܼҵҲʼҿ⡣
ЦƵЦ⣬·ΧıѩΪ֮ɢʵѲ˸ȥ˷ţԼһᣬʱ¿Ҳˡ
ԭˣڧɱ෴ҧ⡣
ִǰ湫ӣڳʹ¿һħĳûҲϲ
*
ŴһµģôΪŮżɫҴһߣô񼣬ô֪
ǵȻΪͨ籨Ű룬ֻ΢Цţǲµģ¾ôطز죬ȥҼ£һһѹȥҼġ
˵Ż۾ȴŷϵİǣڱĿ꣬ɿϵĸ첲ǰߵţ㣬𣿡
ͷҪѲѾˣܳɻҲǸJǹͷ
ˣֻҪôϼԼĸб˵УιȥʵĹʡˡ
ͷ޻ӦΣǽߵ졪ܳɻԼİ
ŷģżʢһѽƿȻͷģȴʧ
ִȷйһңӲˣлԼĳӡ˵ʮǳЦɼ̸ֻ˿Խ֮١
ңԳӵ״ռˣҲѽ
ų󷽵ݣ㵼βסô㣿
ϣ˭أִ΢ЦޱһƷ˿ȥ
ϵŪͿˣԭνʧʵǺͳ̹棿Ȼˣʲôģ
ȻЩ񲻺ϣɼԼŮȭȭϻͦжģӣΪϹ
֣ص񣬡޲ĸá
ЦôʧƵģ
ǸŵķȣԷĿͬ˶УһƬƬһ֪ˣ˸Լûõܳɻԣ
ʶӣȻִȴץסͬǯһס
ִϴŽпЦ⣬ãѻ˵ôô
ʱ򷴵侲ɱ㻳ɰɣֻҪҧϣҲ
£ݵص˵ʲôҸ
ִЦǲҪԸĸףܳɻԺıȥ÷֣ٹ֧֪ɮܳɻŻҶ֣ǳӷֵüʱһܺö˶վô
֪زô󣬿Ҳû뵽ƫˣĹģ˾ȶƣԼķͷһʮŮô
ִȻò˼飬ⲻ֪ŭִԼȪͿռ𻵣Ҳڸоʧģ񶼵ñѹһͷƲ𡪡ִһıΪʼٸߣʲôʸԼ
Ȼڻ˺ʱʹٲޣҲʱֻҵŴϣ˵治֪¡
泯ִȻĵ㣬Ǽ٣裬ΪѹⲢ⹥ڦ˵ɣҴҸϳҲ׾ӵĽڰɣ
ִЦôڻ˯ţҪҪ˼һȵǱ裬ͷʲôϣ
Ļʲô׵ģɿĸ첲صؿŮѵģ
û뵽ĸôƫִ˵ǣˣȻǣѹ֪ܳɻԲ÷֣Ҳѹ֪ʲôҩ裬ˣ϶Ҳܳɻһ˵⣬ãΪ˱֮𡣡
ӨȻִ㣬ңҶԴ˺֪飬ԽʱǸŽһģ˿ѽ
ִޱױľ˵͵һġ
ϧע׷ѡ˵Ŀյߵ䣬ĿӣܳɻԸһ͸ƿڴˣԼƲһɶûװĹΰ֧ȵĳľãбɿһͬȥүǰʣƣ˸ô÷εĺŮ
ԭ˰죬ͱӻ𣬹ʶǿ첼һҿæЦܳɻⱲֻñ˳Կģ˱ģСĻԼˣ
ȻܳɻԵЩͷԼ򵥵˵Ļ˲ܲš
ѶŮʧ΢΢ĿΪˣ
ôҲ벻һʫ˼һᷢ£ԼԴ۰ҲҪ£ңʲôôһ֦ͬȴ裬ǵĻܵӰ죬ʹûӴ࣬ע̫ô
սʵȴֲòΪʵ
ʹ飬˵ԼǱܳɻ£Լûò
ִʵ⣬ֻϸǰܼ򵥣ֹңӺ
Ȼ
ִͷһۣƽ˵࣬ҲʲôŮүģĸүߵǸϡ
˿̲ûп꣬ȴ籼׽ӣȻ죬ֻɫҰף촽·ӶԼˡִʲô˵ˣȻ˵ˡӴԺԼҲܵõϵİֹЩʲôûˡ


37 .     ģ˭ģ
ȻԤϵôһ, ڴ˿ĳϣû޽Ӹʱϰ׽ݡ, һ֮Ůϻ
ֽŷȴϸǰ, µһʲôᣬҲܡǵĺӡ
ȻζΪҵĵŮ, ǿǵŮ䵱ûûֵ, ڴ¡ףܵ, Լֻأֻǣ̡СҴı
ӯڽ, ճлϥµ״, ɣ᲻Ūˣүɫ֮, ңҲǵȼƫ˵ģαذͷֲϽ֪أ
αӵĸ֮ѽˣֹڵĺ, ̰ɫһ檣޹ֺة඼࿴ΪǸ֮ġ
ο׽ݰһūŮ㲻ô£ңΪ밸뺵檣ŮףֹûôӡȻҲҪϸˡ
Ѫܵһ⿪ִ´Ͻܲסһи͵ܳɻԣȥϵݣֻʱΣȰأɻ󣬺Զ£֪
⻰°¶ȴʵζһԵܳɻýζСĿڲʵ˵ã̶̼仰ƽޣ˼
벻һһ߿ΪҪЮǷԼͷܳɻԺضԼͬһ˻˻ӣס˿ڣȥŶ׼ηء
̼ǵóʲŶԸǼУֺ׼Ȼѷȴ·λ޸֮ģǺ¡
ܳɻߺ˼ţǱִѽŶ˵òˣҲûԼĿϾ顣
ֻ飬ڶֹѲôУյ´ĿôԼƭʮꣿҲǾ˵ѵģľмΣûĴȻ࣬Ѳɷϵ桭
Ӵϵпһǰ޵ⱲҾֻһСʲôǣҲǵŮ룬ĸĸ׻᲻ԼĹ⣬ˣϻ᲻һȥô
˵ΥТֻӲͷƤƲĸ׽֪ҲԭģϾЩȨ֮ơ
ۿԻ󣬳ʱһѻ𣬡ʵҪ֤ҲѣѪ׼ɡ
ִһ˼⣬̷򳪸棬ûⷨͦ򵥣ʲôᣬֻҪһԱӭж⡣
Ȼ֪ѪʵûʲôѧݣҪҪǴս
Ȼ¶ɫպ޵صŶˣƫƫܾܾԵ飿
Ψ˫۾ˮǧﾡڲУָܹ
ƣѣΣѵĵˣȥɡ
ִ֪ĸ״˿ᣬٱֻ˳ӵطŴá
Щᣬ뵽⼸ֵ֮ֻĿִȥͬʱԵʾúôĵ󱲡
ܳɻԣھһ׸Ļˣ
ôùɡ
*
صУЩ㷣뵽ִĬܳɻԣ°Ҳȥ٣²ˣ˭ûкôܳɻԵûֻ֣Ҫ¶ƵͼִܵӰ죬ñһ۰ߣʹԼȾϵģ˿ҲûôֵǮˡ
˵
ԣֻܴ»СС»ˡֻҪϲ׷Լʧ˵ĸĻҲûʲôҪ룬ԼǰС̫ڹ˼ɴϵķӦʵԼĻ»ʲôдڣȨҲԼޡ
ԣ뺦ĸŮ£ִҲûʲô֤ݣеֻܳɻһ֮ʣٶ˵ġ
ػطϴ˸裬óȥһմȾĻȻʱ㾪һجġϽˡ
Ǹ浽ãǸ浽̫̫ǰ
ֹʱֱ̫̫ԺС
ף˾ȱ˭ֹ֪ȴָһƣͿĵװ˿ҵЦ
ˣҪԼǱĸŮԩ˭ֹظ죬޲ãֹ¸þյƽţԴò
ó̸ԼףҲǸˣûĹܵӰ졪ǽõĻǻֶΣȥ
ҺôδɣȻֻдǹлˡ
ֹסڵùҹûҵҲʳˮ
൱ĳͷΪ˱סҲΪ˿οϸֻˡ
뿹飬Ƽ׶֪ش󣬱㻹ǹԹס˿ڡ
Ȼȴɲ⣬ȻֹһۣүνĴδ̫ʲЩ
ֹǷˣֻЦ˵˼õΣ
塣³򵥵֣ȴ
һʱ䣬Ժ벻ϾоϣɲܶõĴ񼫣Ŵӣ;ӴҲòһһİŮӣ޻Ӱ죬ͬҲûˣӴ˹¼ҹһ˭ȥ
̫̫ô˾ٹڿ̣תȰ棬˭֪ϾѶֻ䵭࣬үأ
ֹֻϵͻͻû뵽Ͼôߣʲô
дȣɴʵϲûܵ˺ΪδϾͲܸһأҪͱˣ
ֹȻϣɵ䵭ɡ
ЦΪΣͲүĺӣүʮ꣬Ѿ御ˣ˵ǳ壬λүΪʲôϴӦ
ΪʲôȻΪѪԵնϹͷŽ᣿
ܽԼ壿
ֹʢŭ֮£ȻڶҵŮģ˭Ҳ뽫Ҹϳȥ
һڣŷĿ⣬ֹ֪ôһʲô˵ˣãʮꡭ񹦿һ
̫̫ŶӵĿⲻһ˿̽ѯ֮⣬ģ˭ģ


38 .     Ϊļ񣬰׽
˭ġʯ֮, ֹԼ˴ϵĵһ㶼Ծеֻӡ֤ȻԼԼĴı
ʲôʱ֪ģ˭е֪
ֹֻз, ˼ͬӲһѻãȻ޴롣ȥϵ۾, ֪¶ԲסֺγԹϵĺͿ
װ֪, ҼάֺıҲȻݺһɷΪʲôҪ˺, ˶Цѵ
ֹ΢΢Ŀ, һ˲޲ø˺ȻǸӦ, ĵ, ΪŮֹ;Ҫϵİҡδ顣
άҵȹ̡
ֹǰ, ̫̫ڵʣ¶ɫӺͿųʱʶһŮչˣ´, °̥ȻŮӲ֮㲻ֻܴҴҽ񣬷ϣ²ţδԴ͸¶ɽ֮ǶӵĹʧ
ⷬصҧȻ֪Ŀѵô׿ǵʮء
̫̫֪飬ɫǻ࣬ԭˣֻҲ̫Сϱˣ¶ˮԵһϱǵȲ֮ˣɻ
һ˵ţһ濴۴ϡȻΪ˰ϵģŮΣֻҪֹʼ⸮еĵĸ˭Ҳĵλ
ɫȴǳˮֱ治к
ֹɿЦǿԸ˽ŮӵʬأҷУҲʶһ
ִеģͿȫ飬Ǹ⡣
һ߼ٺðôΪôƭ
ۿƽִͣټӰϣʵԼ͵İʲôˣǰסʱһľᴹᣬԷеһģһ˵ʲôž⣬仰ʲô˼
ִ꣬ǸŮ˵Ŀ⣬ֹǾ棬Ǿš׽з֮˵֪԰ʵ޵֮¹ôҲ׼Ұܻ
ԭļƻǴ׼ƽ֮󣬸ϲƽһӣͰ飬ʱٹ׵ĹϵܳɾһƾԲļѻȻִ֮һȫˣˣ
ֹѳζҲ벻ԼǷһľڰʵִģթһթ
ôԶ£˭ּǵأֱ̫̫صɫֹԸ飬ֻΨΨŵŵĵ·ȷ£Ľڶ࣬һΣҲǲˡ
ǲֹȺλĿɲǵ֣һĻԪͽԪò̫յΪ̽û׼״Ԫ֮
ķˣķǣѹִϺͰ׽మإԲĳԡ
ϧ˧˶ⲻ귢³ִϵ΢΢¡Ƣǣ²棬ǣֹΪҲûˣΪһŪ֪ŮĻİࡪȻⶼҵġ
ֹȱһѻ֮һԲȻ©ٳҪôĸȻҪôĬԼƭ˰Ů˵ĸ顪һֶ
ֱֹ磬̫̫ȴѶȻǳȥ
ѵ⣬ֹϺףֻܻ뿪ڷҲˡ
̫̫ȴŴ̾ϱöû˵强ˡ
ϳɲǣǰΣĸЩӦе棬Թܼ֮Ȩܲ
֪ĸҪΪɷ˵飬Ҳֻһθ֮ԣ֮ȥҵĺܡ
ִ֪ûԼ˵أе㲻ģȴֻˡ
·ʱᳶ˳ִѣ㣬˵˵飬Ѿ֪ˣԭҺòã
ִûԽ½Ǵ룬ĮȻԶȥǸõĻҪοӸѾˣɲ˻
УҲΣ׵ԼΪĸ㣬ʵޡֻ뿪߰ĵطñȾһڡ
ֻǣöôϾС£͵ŮˣҲࡣ
ʲôִֻϣƽľκ´š
*
̫̫˵ÿڸҲ˿ݣֻǼӦһľķ
飬˭ֻģ̫̫ǹˣȻ״ϴ˿̵Ļʧ⣬ֻ⸮ĵˣ׵ö࣬ϧྴ߶״ȴ˺ǲαװǸ˶ܲסɣ
̫̫Ψ̾ĸè͵ȣϺүû֣Ҳ£Щ潸ͷ֮ͷж٣ֻһҵĴţģסˣҲסģԿ㣬ȥˣжӣ⸮ļ˽ģ˭ÿɫ£ʲôҪ³һʱ֮죬Ҳûôѽ
ϿЦŸĸյ裬͸װƣϹӣ
̫̫֪ģǸˣѵֹ⣿ǹ˼㣬ͰѰϽӻˣΪʲôѹһȰղ̣㰲Ҳɣ׼ֹģǰ϶ǣϣұҲÿϣ
̫̫оϣ֤ⷬӦ¶ϲɫȻԸоؿƵûš˽֪ĸ˵ĺܶԣǹȥԼǹءĲɷһŮֹʮƭԼɵϡȻоõֹ飬һƽĽݰֳ룬ΪܿʱȴоԼֻӬ
еҪʲô룬ãװ֪ؼȥܺ޽
̫̫ƼеɫҲһʱ嶯æȰ㲻ΪԼҲΪطΪ룬طˣϾҪˣѵؿڸңôϸϸΪ˸ĸ˭ǣҶǣҲ봺Ϊ㵣ģǲǣ
̸Ů¶һ˿ദݣֵüɹܰĳޣҵȵȣٵȵȡֱԼߵ·
*
Ծɱؽþģȴ֮ǰ˵죬ӾҪңңڵعȥͤһƣȻûп϶·ֻһͷ
ֹһҵˣÿÿҲһĵ飬޲ÿһӶںԭ£䲻ͬÿʳһֻ˱øĬˣ·ɽ¥ס
ִȻվߵģҲֻĬĬϴⳡսȴ˵ĻģҲɣ뾿Ƿõĳ·һȺӵӻôϸأðգֻʱȥӡ֤
־طڣڵķ粨̫̫¶־طһ֦Ҷȱе񾭡ҲãϿ͸ˡ
ΨڳǰִǿԳصġΪʩ룬ſϣǼôˡ
ִ˿̵ƺһ㡪㡣
ǰŶԸǹŹֵƢòҲֻǾһƳļ们ʱսִͷͦġʣ˫۽գһϥǵʱ
ҿ϶Ƿŵ磬ܾùһ꣬ƺҲ٣òǰ㣬̬ȴˣٶˣƢǳԵڡá
Ҳִദеţһֱ򱣳ŽҽϵȻ֫ϵ׽Ǹǹ¹졪ΪǷޡ
Ȼڣȴ൱ڻ¼ʶܳɻԵĵΪ֮᧿ΣȲҪԼȥִͻıһ
ִæתʮȣֱӽӴǲţЩʱոĽֽ˸߰˰ˡ
̾鷳
ִ˵ԼĸȻ᲻ƽĳӡ˶˵̷˺ʣŲλȨصķ檣Ψȫִ֪İ̷ҲʲãҲԸ̳÷Ц
ǲִʱĽһԣֹ׽УʲôģҲֻ˵˵ʱĴݲС
ִԼȻԲİ飬ǵλ֣صó֮ǰõĻǰԼ£Ǹڼ䲻檡ҲͨĹ涨
ԥͰӡ
ִǩĺڡһʱ氮ɱ˵ǰԧĶˡ
ϻմʺӡִ࣬һĨЦ£ˣ򸴺ٶ࣬͸óԲˡ
ִ˵ⲻ֮ǰҵôȻϬһԵɡ
ȥ·ϣƵƵִƢٺҲеջ𣬡ʲô
ָ࣬һյԼơ
ִɵشҩ﷭һС⻨ſǸĿָӡʲôʱȥģ
򴽵Сÿظү˵ֶΣͬԴ벻֪֮ӡ
ִЦšѧ˼ģ͸ȡЦҹˣ˺˺죡
Цģͼִס֣ųһͷС㣬ôˣ
ִعûʲô
ò׽ҲˡΣϸϸ̬Ϻд
Ϊļ񣬰׽Ų˲ǰ͵͵һ۱ãϾ⣬أ᲻˼
ãŲǰ취Ҫƾ֣ǵõĵĽ
ִ֪ôˡ


39 .     үǩ
ִĬص, δ׽£ôϾй𣬶Ҫһż, ôϳ׿ֹΪˡ
׽벻ǰӸҳһ, ĵֻþƸҡ
СΪŮǰ, ضܿͬ˼棬ǣôȥֹأ
ִ˼ȥ, ΨóԮ֣Լǲ¶, Ҳߵ˰æƽû˼ˡ
ľױڱִ߳ġ۹ִûܳɹӺֻ֬˶, ۵۽ˮ۵ȸ, ôȡ⣬ڸҲ
򰮳ʳʲܶԣˬڵĶƢθ
κʱ²Ÿոտ, ôůͣһ촽ͷŸ۷۵ѹ
ִԣæشӻж˸ӸԹǸл, û˺Ҳڣ㰮ԶٳԶ٣Ҳû˹㣡
̰ǣȻԣִȰȥ䣬ֻգūȥţٳԡ
ִķǲģˣԼҲԵֺ
ˣִԲ޹Ƥһæ
ҳ󲻿ԼҵҲϣھʵûˣȥҲֻһδ˵ϻġ
˭֪ۻ𣬡ҽ֪ͨϣ
ִ㶼֪ˣ
΢΢ͷû˵Լһֱ⡪ִΪĸѹ಻ܡ
׽ھǸһ¶棬ͽ˶ˣִܶҪ´ݾߣ޲̽͵ͤȥء
ִʧЦҲò˴³
Ⱥģ벻УδŮ֮飬Ҳøεյ֪ˡ
һ֪ӡ
ʵǷϤ֪
ִҡͷأ֪һþ͹ˣҲ͸¶ɡ
׽ʵڲǸǵˡһ㷴ŮΪ֪̬أ׽Լ¶ܻ£鷳ˡ
ֻӰӰ´ã׽Ի뷽跨ֹԭ򡪡ִҪģôϼ֤ⳡĻᡣ
˿˵⣬ִظͤƵĿǳڣ˼ĴָȴһҲе裬ǹ¡
ޱߴµļڷϣȴֲΣֻ͡
ڱֻ֣߬ĵ죬ȥ𣿡
ִЦ˵ѵ᲻ȥ
ϴδĻû׼͵͵ȥˡλүǵСžţִνһ
¶ȻȻû㲻ȥΪִ˭֪δ׾͸ʶˡ
ɼи̫ҲǺѽʲô
һ㡰޹ϡıͼִ֣ЦеĵҺܸˡ
ը̻ȴţΪ㵱Ҳóš
ִǿķǵһ磬˵ʵôôʶֹǸαƵߣżȻСˡ˵ʵִǳһס
ϲɰкӡ
*
׽ڿջס죬Ѳڳͤ⣬ȴʼղҹȥױùؽգʱ١ֹƽʱ᲻öһָͷΪ˱ŭ֪ѽ
ڶʹġ׽ŮžۣҪŮܿ࣬Ҳֻշתļ͸ֹ˷ţԼһ
̸̽Чʼߣ칦ִϤ׼ȷص㡣
ձӲŴϳţƵùˣ絽ɢɢģ֣ܺùš
ԼƣȻû˼׷ѣֹҲķţ˽ʡ첲أԼһ͹ˣٵߺ˵һҪҪˣ
ʵǣôŭģɴҹͳעоøڼҳִ־طǰ̡ԼѶɷģѵöŮһ볲Ĺ³ô
һδᣬѹֹƶϲҺ𣬺ձܺˣŷĴ󵨵ȥɰ
ִƳĸüĳݣΨа̾ʱĽĺӰһˣȻƣʱҲ̫ѶЩհǰǺ󣬵Щ˼ɣǰҲǷ߶գǶԹŮͬھȥˡ
˴У˶ЩƣˣִָŽһ弣˵ȥЪЪţȵɡ
׽ĺܶˣֹ֪ʲôҰסЩ꣬ҲǷԼһֱũǱһԹ֮ķţƹݶҪѡڲ档
⵹ִ̽·ûаģü֧ӷ϶ﶼƵһ
׽ҲǵӴ϶⾩ʶȻ֮󣬿ͻˡ
ִŴ¥ǵСһݴùȣµľС
ҪúѰںδһĹ۲㣬ȻϵȴѾӲŲҲһ
ӭߣִֹıӰԼ׽סĺܺñϡ
ԡڰеĹԣκһŮ˶ῴġ
òִڣ֪ô£δѯŮΪδһĻֻ૵ԭ
ִ
ϿЦȻһ˵仰أ
Ȼֻһ棬ǸһƳòٸȴѸ¼̵ӡֻǣʱϺ󲻵ɷľɰ
ʱףסٽһլԭδ˹ã̫̫ȥ㣬ƫƫз״֮ң˵Ҫˣһ㶯ֻ̥һСȥԽֵĺͼáҲϡ˭뵽Ӷˣȴ
ʱֹûڵĵλǸ̶֥Ĺ٣ҲûլۡڣȥͼáǺͼԭǸǰҽģרΪиھ˭֪ܵĵطҲһ󣬰ӤϵƸŪˣǺͼٵգڣŷһ׮ɷȥ½ִӻأʱֻǸ򵥵⣬δϸ룬ͷйϸأ
ЦʱҼһ˴Ҳû棬İο˼䣬֪ˣ֪ˡ
ȴãȻ֪飬ѵܽŮӱǱϾ
뵽ԼƭĹŮĹ룬Ⱪŭץִĸ첲˵»᲻⣿
ִ̫˽ϵ飬Ҳֻܾʵ棬ҡͷᡣ
ԭҲȷʵǸ⣬׽ûֵƻԼֹĿе಻ҵϵҶƽԭ󣬷ִԼòⲻͬ׽֪Ҳʹȥˡ
׽˽ģȷʵǸĻˣϷΪ⹴ڸľȥ
Ȼһ׮׮һ֤ʵˣֹãԼǸߣΪйĶʱ⣬Ǿˮ£Ӱ
һʼͲýԼڱϡ
ƣִ֣ǻȥɡ
ִ⣬ȥ
ΪѪһҵɱء
ҡͷˡ
ŭð׷Ϊֵ̫áӽԺֻΪԼΪһ˫Ů£ˡ
ϣִıűϷУĸͬޣ벻ȻҲȷʵе㵣ģϾֹϸôĸ飬֮£ʲô¶óġ
Ȼϲûκʧ̬ľٶֻ֣һ¡
ִƽȣ֮˿ֻҪľҶ֧֡
»ӰĻ£ʼչ˼㡣
ִЦ˻ֱۣģ̼ҿأȢҲΪ濴ƷòļҲǿöࣿ
ϱɵЦҲãҾͷˡ
ŵɫִ˫ĿһƬ
*
ʮգõļڶִĦȭԾԾԣҲ¶Цݡػɣ᲻ˣ
ΨһִųԼ̷࣬˵̻ʺµΪִ£и֪Ķð˵ߡȻүŮͲ࣬λЩ̵ͣϵģ˵ɾͿȡ֮أ
ôٹ˴ӵţ޹ִֺ洺磬ϵ̫ҫۣԼǰ䰰ϡһ㡣
鲻ã԰췢ַҲûɫ㣬ᣬҸŪʹˡ
ַǿӣŲҪźӵáִԹŶõӻծƵġ
ɫԣҲַ֡˵ͷãϧλƫƫæϴִǼͷȫǰ裬ûƵġ
ִ׻ʲôŻؾͽԼƽɫʤһ
ϿҲˣһ˿Ц⣬ʱΪŮŪŪͷʱְѡ
ѵѾǼˣôҲ벻ͨ䲻ϣ׵ع⣬ӦĸŮͦõġȻ֪϶Ը氮
氮ƺϸõÿһ˶кΨֹһۡ
ֹԭһѺĴƢϳϯǿʯڷ¡
ϵڽͣò˶ã⸮ָܻյĺƽֹţǲԽϹȻеԲѾõĴʽĹְһ̨ףλȹ̣ʱٰѰϽӻأ檣ӵұǲǵء
ִĳ˸۵λãȴһۿȻЩﶼܷ⡣
ִ򴽣¶һ㼫ǳЦ⣬ͥڣͬ˵ֻʾ⡣
ûʲôҵķӦǿ죬΢ΣȶסˣɼѾյִ⡣
üĿûܶķۣûҲһһŮǲ֪ܣű͵涼̬ȥʱ֮¡
֪ˣõܳɻңֱӴȥ׽㹻ˡ
ؿ˰Σ֪ǷĴִܾǰƯһ㣬˸ˡѵױݺǸ췢ӵĹͣ
ȻǲһͨľԼͷҲС뵽Լù˴£ݣӶ㲲٣ıȵִΡһϲ
ǲ֪ıͼˣȻΪǸִ˾ĹټС㡣
ɧҲ֧Ž꣬ҪطƽȵɤλҵȵȣһһҪ˵
ֹеţѵҪʱŮݣ֪ǱģûкôϺܸÿǵŮϲŶԡ
ҶϲδἰŮֻյλʾɵ棬ңŴϣү룬֪Ϥ
ֹ漴㲻ԼĶ䣬˵ʲôҪڽ룿
ϰ㲻𾪣ֻƽȡֽʣүǩɡ


40 .     ⶼǰעӦд˱
һͻȻ, ֹһʱ嶯ѵŰ׽£ǴӦٸϼ
ȻӦҲֻǿͷӦպĵģô֪ˡ
ֹԭΪʱС, ôϻת⣬˭֪ӷ, ѲʲôƩղ弡
ֹԼ飬Ҳǵ棬Ŀִ, ֻ´ؽֽǰһƣˣǸ̸
գѵڴĻ, ֻӶ΢΢ף˵ȴ൱, ɼǳ֮ģүΪ˱˴˵, ǿǩ˰ɡ
ֹɫѿ, Ϊϴ˾ٶô棬ֻͥڹȻѣʵڷ
ӣ, ˣֹҲֻ泯űͣǿ¶һĨЦݣɢ˰ɣͷλһˡ
Ǻֵ, ҲĹ׶סʲôû޳ܵģ
ִЦɼΪѳвΪһܴͷܴβء
ȴ֪ϱÿһ̶Ҫ档
˵ȱֹӣϣ㵽ô
Ҳ̫ˣŮļʲô飬һ͵ˣҪԼɻҪأ
΢΢˲Ŀ𲻴Ӧ
ֹȻϴӦû˵ļҺӶ˴ѳҪģοٽ䲻̫ߣôиλھˣȥЦ
㻹ΪϰգֹЩôϰŻˣҲֻǣ˼Ѱ£Ϊʲôһֻ۱һֻۣǵأ
ƽԭ򣬵ȫֻ˺һ徻һల
δ̫Щֹ̲סЦΪôף
ȻԮŮӻȸ塣ɷһ齫Ӹȥø޴桪ֹȻôԴҪЮϣǷã
Ȼó˼ɫȴδķֺδ߳㲻ңִⲻǩ飬ҾֻöԲˡ
ֹ¶ֳ˲Ӭı飬û뵽ϾһӲͷ˵ҲûЩ̷̹ãŮٳ׮׮ûڣı֣ӲҪҳһ״ֻд׶ˣȻ׽޷ġѹִʮþȡ
ֹΪٶ꣬ٷˣȻҲǺģЦҪ٣ܸʲô
ҪܵͷɣϾΪ޵ְͬҲʧΪһϸɷھжпڽԱӲҪˣ˿Ҳðˡ
ִ΢΢ü벻Ѿ˺Ҫǰǻȴסֱͦ˵үǲǵõͼǳ⣿ȥ׸״˽ͬҵӣĸŮ֣ôʧ˵ֵΣ
¶Ȼη飬ɼ˵óõġ
ֹ֮£Ĵɱķ飬Ǳ׮⣡
ЦЦҪĲ࣬Ǵһô롣
̫ɷĸˣֻҪһɵķգȥġ
ֹȻ䵽αϣû֤ݣֻҪھֵ÷зӯ죬ôˣң˭˵ò֤ݣֻҪѺͼõĻƣ׸ԩƶģʱ׵Ҳܱɺڵġ
òˮЩͷͻὫڦٲ
Ϊףֹֻѡòôȥ٣ɶ±Ŀơ
ϿûƸУĮȻֽǰơ
ֹΡΡڷǩ֣ȴһ˿ϣ֮סĶҿԾڸС
ϺܿĻˣһ΢еòүʩᡣ
ֹǸľƸʹˣͬʱϱԼõĴױһ죬ʵھм⣬Ƕȥס
ӣˣһһӡ
ȥסֹŵĵطʵӦ˭֪᲻һݲؽڣ
⣬ֹҲеջ𣬳ڰ׽Թͷ治ôŮɫϰҲ̫ǳˡ
ģ·Щ⣬ҲֹᶨӵľģֶǸõطһ֮ûôס
ǶĳͤֻҪк˭ָҽøˣǲǴĸô
ִ֪䱾ԣԣǶոµʶҲ̫Ҫˡ
ֹȴѹ˲Ůǰݴȸһֵĵ⣬ƶӲġֻҪ£磬ܽϵӮ
ȻǸ˵̫ˣǾв䣬һˮ̶𣬡޷̼Ҷᣬ޷ϲֻһȥס
ȴǳڱڽǣĵس
ֹͬͲƿϼһʵ⵽㡪СӾȻûߣһˣȻδŵŮʲôʲôң
ڿƴ޷ˣٲȻλ޶ãǳӲˣëû͸Һ˽а壬ˣ
ֹȻջγ̼⾩лƫƫﲻֻݴŴɵۣһͷŭʨӡ
ִԷԾߵǰΪڣʵôûߣ
ס֣˴꣬һϸۡ
ΪϸԵʣǱҪóʵеš
฽ȥ͵˵ûôߣ
ִ΢ЦԵظеϲãôɰˣڼ㷢ֳĹ񱣬仰ķϣҲܽˡ
ֹȴǱջδҲܵģǩź֮СڵĻģ
Ѳô뿪ط̼ȥסһڣԼͳɹ¼ҹô
Һôϲˣֻãδɻ飬óȻǰȥػл
ֹлϲҪ޷ٳû£ȻȴչճǶ˵Һ˵طͲΪҷˡ
δ꣬߱㴫ꤡ嶣̶֮ͼһ˸ȭ׳ӽűµ㣬ˣ
;һūǵİ۱ۡȣڲݵϴȥɼͺ赲֮
ֹȴһۿǴϵ׵ܴɣȥ꣬ȻôߣŻǸҰˡ
ߵľСӣĲ䲻ͣԼҼƶӭϰһ衪˭룬ϾȻ
һ˫Ŀͭ壬бֹ㣬˵룬̶ͥ򢳤˼黫֮࣬ܲң㿴Ϊ˰ɣҲã߳īߺڣ˵Ǳ֮ͽмΪ飡
ֹôۣ׵ʱ뻹˭Ĺأ
䣬ȴ˵ش߹ɣض˵ǻȥɡ
ִԹɫǰסɵ½˾ˣǱߵķӹܹܲȥס
Ȼֻڹؼҵʱһ棬ȴϲŮһͶͦˬԵʣЦеִͷȻԣС˵ķӴúܣɱ⹷ǿˡ
ִǻһתҲʰ
ֹ̣ײſסԼûе˭סѣ˭ǹ춾Ķõڻ
ȻԼĴҲò˶١
ֹǿһһƽ⣬ִֿػңǿ߳ȵ֣
ִ죬û֣Ҿһס
ĸ첲־ؿֹȻŮ
ֹΨ̾ϢִȥҲãƿڣһʱ̿϶ûļޣʱԼ֮֮飬Ȱء
Ǳտڲٶԡ
Ƽ־磬ﰵˣȴȰ㣬ģͱˣ°ɣһҲиӦ
ִƤЦⲻЦĵⲻǺܺôӦչǸ˾ְ˭Ҳ顣
ҭ£ֻû˵ֹ
жظŮĺ󾱣㿴˭ԼˡӴԺһҪúõػȥϲҪΪЩɵᡣ
һٺװҪϳƼ⸱ǳԾС
ֹƵƵɩʹɫϣסϡ
Ϊ䲻ô󷽣ȴҲüҺˣȴ棬ֻǰһϵãǺαأʲô᳨˵ãαطҪֵĵزء
ƽʩ񣬡ɩɩҲǺˣ⸮²ҹܣˡ
һ䣬ŤתǬ˵Ȼó֮ԡζŴϷػغҲѴ֮ӵ˹ܼ֮Ȩ
ԾȰţȴɿˣΪͬĿСӵܣְɣʱУʱĪǿⶼǰעӦд˱
˲ʫǰսʱһǩģôϡ
ֹ˲ͬöţŴŴϵ˼۶ȥͬƺһȥֻÿտյ·ʲôҪĶԶʧȥˡ
˼ãȻ֪Ǻãֹط㶫Ͽɷµʲôýʸȥټһ档
˭֪մȣͷ־طһϮ̴ŴСģҪ׷ո
ֹǳˣҲ뿪ң
Ȼȱ˼ּҳĴݡ˵Ѹղųܵݶȥˣֹ̡˭ôһӣβɲţֹҲý¡
ȰȻ־طȴ¶ģòңҶʮˣòԼȴóףԾɻرӪȥ׼ӡ
мʱ䣬ȻôڴļҡǰȴǸıߡ
ִֹϻ䣬һɲǾеǵĺĴ𣬷Ҫ䵽ɢ³
˵ġ


41 .  ֹ   벻ֹѽ
ת˲ֱŭ, ƾʲôƾʲôǺպĳͤ⸮һ֮뿪, ҪЩˣ
ϵգͲӸҲĻ, ̫֪ӵıˣ־ط緢ͷȥ˾Ӫ, ׼͵ûػıֺеү
ȳĥ£ЩͷȻʹ, ֹż͵Ŷӻ졣
ʱ, ֪˭ң˵úһ֪˶, ѵָܸһҵ
ֹ԰, ߰ɣ˾ͱֻûӡ
־طӲĴһԲʩ, ̶תȥ
бȻʵı磬ҲҪҶȥô
־طĬô

, ȻǸ˼ֻǣĲϣ־طҲȥֻôһ磬׽ãʱ²Ժ¶ûһŮӣûֵܰȥ˻ʺҪ壬ͬҪ֮ΪۣΪҲԸʧȥֳ
οദЩ꣬־طǺ޸飬ִ֮ǰǱҪõһá
˵أ
һԸ뷨־طȴôΪȻһĶԹòһǰ׽ĸŮҲγϣ಻ܾίʱ˵޹̫ô
ο׮⣬Ƿдȶ־طƱزܺʹǰһˣʹѾʴȡ
־طһĽƲ£ãԼأӴԺŹš··
ȰֹȴʮֲŮ鳤ö˵
־طĽŲͣɲǣ޷뿪
һʹĺף
Щ᧿ΣˣִֹߵӣѲңȢһݸ߹ļޣɣ˵λӣֻ׵ģһƢļң׵ʱгͷ֮գңԼҲù
е̫׽ֹϢųȥģֻ̼һ´ϣԱ÷֮˭֪ĸƢңֱ˵˵Ҫ롪ƾĶԣеϧעڲͬӪͻֻˣȫԼ
ǿزٻֻҸʵʱ֪ͨףһھžˡ
˼˴ͻЩֹɫȰ̫ģжڣĸ׶չ˺ԼģʵڷĲ£ȹЩӣԹȥơ
ֹûȴ俴ʯǽһζĲݴԣȵ˭
εĴ̦ӳ
ϲӣѿڶһڵ˿ѣΪˡ
׽ӵǰү
˿̵ʮָӣԭֻЩӶȴϻײȻϲѣϳȫİ飬ͬʱȴеΡΪүǴøģԼȡʤ֮֮С
ô˵ҲƾԲˣʶ׽ŰɵĿֻһԸȥ
ֹȴˣǿ棬֪Щ˼࣬ʵ᲻ãͽȥɡ
Ҳͨˣִ֣²ΪʣΪʮĹ⣬ıģҲʲ
һʼˣֲüðϸԼͱܱܷͷһⶫ·һ棬Ҳشϵ⡣
׽󾪣ԭΪɻ̽ӻأȴҪߣ£ôУ
Żʧ룬Ȼϣϰ߽ʳ˵¾£
ο׬ӣȴ㽫һ߿ô룬϶жĥɱ¿ȻҲûôˡ
㲻ʣݹҲ塣ò֣صѸףóóȻ뿪Ǳ߸ô
ܲ˵ǵ˶͵ݱܰɣŻµҲ洵ˣƢôѹҲȨסֻԴв
׽ۿˮһգһʱҵĴţֻү֮꣬ھиЩңԭҰ帾һȻĶĶȥͲˡ
ԭΪɶٻһ˭ֹ֪ȴֻۣҲã߰ɡ
׽ֻľתŲȴصǦһ㣬ΪһУΪΣۿҪ޳ʱȴֲҪˣݾô
׽ǽţһ洹ᣬһȵȡԭΪֹı⣬ԻϲȴüʵͼУǷӣ
׽ס
ȻУôһ˽ֶ񶾵Ůô̼ǵ£Ļǰ˵ôɽ˺ģȴΪһø˵ĺߣǶĸ飿Ǵˡ
׽Ҫֱ磬죬ȴһѪӿصڵϡ
æǰҡŰϼʹ޵ѣŮ
ַŭػͷµأ֪ĲƣȴһĪе֤ԩ̫ˣ
Ȼ֮ǰͬضԴһŮˣĸŮȴûз֡
ֹǰĵɱ־磬Լһãάȡ
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ִէһΪիĶʱѻƻ裬ĺɫĺϣɽˮĵطȴһƻֺլԺΪǹĻ
ִ³ʱҲӣСˣǻ˰ɣ
ɳצ
ִ
ֻؿģŵģ벻˾˶֮껹ͯ棬Ϊ߰С
ƼһһСƤٶΨЦҡͷͤĹؽϡ£յȷĵö࣬Ѻþöûڹˡ
ⶰӿʵھ˵㡭
ŽȥȴĿ࣬ͬߵĹɭɭ̦ܲͷȴ̨ͤ¥һУǰǰ뷿ģõģ㱼ԼʱĹ⾰
Ǵһ˷Գ֣¶飬ʱҲܸжɣˡ
ɺٺЦţҵĿޡ
ִǽǶȵĵСˣӣ͵İɣ
ššûȻԼģ޼ұûУǮ࣬ţһļױﶼʲôģ
ƽľλһ֧Ҳˣڼҵʵ㹻Ůı·ɸ̳ӣûʲôԽ˼ȴﻬأЩָƤ⣬ÿ굹ˣǧӣһԲڻ¡
ִȻλС˸ǰݷͶأЯһѣԼιɣ־طȴСˣãǲҸ˰ɣ
ִòƻˡ
·ͻȻ˭벻ο־طֹĶӣֹȢŶӰ첻ĵλʶִ벻
ǰӹһŹǺαأڸУĸ಻㡣
ʵϣҲû㽫ߣѾͬɷޣɣֹǲ˴ֵˣΪ˸ǰ̣ػϤఢطѪĴ˭ı䲻˵ġûô·ܹΪõʵĹְֻС
־طίʵڲȥķҳԲߣθڣңһߣҲû˺˵ˣѵһÿĶǽô
ִ
ֽëȮĸԻͦϲģô𣿸ĳܲңλ绹ͦ׺ġȻĿĵ׽
ĬȻƬ̣̾Ҳգˣ°ɡ
Ȼֹ֪Ϊηĵ׼ߣҲȷʵ᲻úһ˫ŮֹֿǷʲôƻֻüвˡ
־طŻϲϲؽҷ£ִɨִ˭˯ߵǼ᷿Ȼִʤ˭˯ţᵽǰͷסһӶʧˡ
־طܲô֪ë
ִ˵ǵȻΪĸЧðտЩ붯һ
Ϊɵ룬Ҳˣִֻбѵ¹Ϊʲôҵȥס
־ط
ѽزãĽҰģһðɽ֣˭ȥ
κΪϣ־طֻʹӦ˭ΨӺȺӣҲֻĸ׺ˡôһʱԼΰ
ִͦصĽģЦǰϣæգñ֣ص־طļ򣬡磬ļҪ£ֻܸңȥΪһˮ׼û£аġ
־ط˵øˣͱŽվ˯ԭǲСļдģû뵽Ȼó
Լ̫ȼ֮ˡ
žɴ³ִҲЩæҪЩϴ֮鹤ȻҲԼЩСʳȴӶԸ˴ˡ
Ǵ֣ըã̺Ȳֻĸ˵ļͥ˵ʵںܷʢˡ
ִҲͷһηĸ׵൱Ҳ˶ٰɣ
ЦЦ˵ԼĳΪǰѧģֹƢθһʱսְ͢Ӧֶ࣬ƵƵȰƣܲʵ۵ûţЩҩŶԭҲմˮĽС㣬Ҳѧϴ³Ǽ죬ػʮָͷ̳ݣžš࣬Ҳ
֪ôһ죬ķ
ڻ㱣ִ˸ĴȸҲġ
ԼǸѼһһ롣
ۿ˳Ե𣬴ͷͬ紵ɢͻóڹ֪ѧһ˫ŮϣβṼ
ֹĿʶ飬áȻӴԺ󣬹˵һУˡ
룬һй䣬æͷ£ӿʳٶȡ
ִƼҲֻװ֪ɴݷ򣬹Ȼʹ죬һ¶ҲйǺ¡ʱһеҩòŶãԼԼҽõģģĬĬظ֧֡
־طҪϴ룬ƺʲôҲᱻϳȥзġ㣬ִлҪ˵ʵ𣬻´ء
ȻǺ£ִͲ谭ˣԣǲģȻ־طһ룬ϴͦɾģֵù
ִϯ֢֮֮ͷ͸˯ˡǣҲǽŵߣǿųòŵεġʱϾһƳƯС磬˭֪Ƽˮ꣬ȴڤڤаʾǵԵ
˵Ǽʱ뿪ģǻߵüû˵ϴкء
ִշת䣬ߵ죬һӦˣⲻӦѽС˹Ū־ɣΪ˲Ʋ¶Ƕûܶǵס
ٲȻǸ̫ʶαװ
ִ㾪Ѵϣųǰ밵ǰܳɻԵ֮ʱ׼һѶ룬ΪıԤ⡣
Žҿһϸ죬ִѸײڶ֮ƽӳȻһ̣ѱס
ӭϵ׵ŹǵĿ͵£ȻЦ
ִûؽջأѹôˣ
㣬Ҳѧɤӣ͵ͳôϸϸ΢΢ģͬ˿ﴫ˼е
Ļڶߣ
ִӶˣգϲ˵ʲôҪ漸ʱûлᣬǵҹģǴĺأ
˴ǺɻдϣС˺͸硪çӣִͲųǵĶ֡
ŲҪˡ
ȴǰŶƲվˣһַſһֻ§
ֲִ˦ˤֳ󶯾ֻͽӣɻǸ˾أ˭֪ԼǸϹ۵ġ
Ȼ˲ֻƤడ
شս涢˽ߣһ
ִĻңʲô
׵оƤͨ͸ˣǲ˷ô
ִδûʶĸŮ˯ױģ׵ֱ˼ά
ЦǿıƯˣҵý㿴㣬ϸ˶ȥ
ִ֮Աǣԭ˶ЩαۣŲʲôʩǳϦദ˳ˡΥĵؿҲǴ
ȻƺûеĲΪעӣ
ִߣ߸ʲôǿûҷѽ
Ȼ׵͹δضٿ֮䣬㽫ƬĴ
ѵ¹ʹ˶ִ뽫ƿȴǱڶԷȵĺС
ÿȻæӵͽǣϱû֧ţƫƫڴʱһִȥʱλãԼִ£ʹˡ
ͷȴŰϣȻ졣
ִŵҪ룬ȴοĺף֮ض㲻̼𣿡
ִɧ
ͬʱ־طԺиO@ͷڱĬһٱվΨҳһۡ
벻ֹѽ


42 .  ױ   ࣬߰Ӱɡ
ȵ˶Щ, ִؽƿ۵ȥɣȻӱ˷, ׼Բ˶ߣ
϶ûҹëȴ˵׼, С˵ģ֪ǸƢ𱬵ģֹϰΪǰ֮ȱƼо
Ŵ, Щᣬʲôʱټ棿
ʱ־, ִƼֱ׵ϣķ̲סΪ֮, ˴֮⣬ǵڶ䱦ˡ
˵ǲܵġ
ǰ·ΣƬ̵Ļɡִ΢΢ʧ, սʤ, Ӳĳߣʲôӵھͷ, һӻ飿
ôһ׮ռ˵Ļ£ɵӲŲҪء
ЦЦ˵ԼȷйƵ뷨ȻʱҲϵȥסˣĸ֣Ӳ¶棿
ִƼôģֺЦֿ, Ȼһ΢ĿԣԼС˷ﴫæߣ
ţʱΪԴԶֵܣϻðߣĸεϰǵù͸
˵ôģǷ-ǽɣȡ
ִˣȴϳ˻һϸϸ˿ĵô͹ˡ
ϣүҹ˯˽լЩ滳Щ궼ѧЩʲô
ִηԹ˸Ӹ·ϴţϸ䡣
ٶŲȥ
Ҳ»ӣæ죬Աһʵţɵʱ̲ס̽ͷջʺĸԼԤš
ִƣΪʲô
궼ˣҲͻأʺûʲôѽ
Цֻس˻֣ﳤȥ
ִҲùˣҲЩҳƫϲӣֺġ
ִ̲סЦҡҡͷźǷطϢһͨڣҹ˯ˡȻ֮ǰҲû˯ãϹô
־طڻӭײһèۣ˶һ
ִ˭֪־طȴȿڣãҲû˯ã
ҡִЫЫģô˵أܲܳҹԴĻȥ˰ɣ
αɣȻ־طòͣ˵Ҳǲǣ
ִʲô
ɣȻֳܷټ
װˡ־طɫԺOO@@ûͣ˵
Ϊ˵ִĴļ磬ȴƽ£ҹĲ磬ˣ
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ŵʱ־طֻزˣҹеýζĴȶˣƵƵͶĿ⡣
üطĸӣֻȵ㶹ôУ͸öˡ
־طţϣԵ̫壬صá
ʵɱӦϲ֪ʲôħ֣Ǻ꾫ƴ֮࣬ԹǵĿרʾԾ档
Щ᲻ɲڱɪɪˡ
ϼִֻεͷɡ
תͷֽ̻ŮѧʳԶҳû˵ѼⶼԵģϸߡ
ִ˵ѾˣٳȥҪ𣿵ƲСΪһܲ⣬ԼԼɳԻΪիˡ
ִʼٸߵȻ£ֵöռһзưˮϺȣ뿪ǸɭϢĵط·
۽΢΢ۣѺöˣɼ˶þ
÷ɾȥϵƤ̣˳㵽ɽԼźƤӣ־طҲҪȥĽСһĺգѧ֣ңС˸첲ȽӲ⣬֪ʢģԲķա
ִҲеԾԾԣǹңҪˣӵĵطմȾִֻܴͷöϡ
û˺˵ͷΣһɣɵزϴ죬֧ԺִΪɶʹľ׽ĳö࣬һȴǺ벻飬߲ģʧݣȴûⷽĹǡ
ӭĿ⣬ЦΪҴǰţúóҲ̫СˣһӣҪõ˭Ǵͷѧûʲôġ
ǶƽС㣬ûЩʲưҪҪȴǰĸá
ִͦ׵;ȴѡ˭ֱ㲻ֵüҲֻϢϲܴݺѪ̡ռһʼױ
Ϊ˿쵶ն飬Ҳû׷ӣִȴʹ˸ݡ
ôĸԸسѪءִ˼ţԺű㱻ߵˡ
ѲС˺͸˶ȡûѽⶼһʱˡ
ٲȻǳȥ˼һղģ̫ˡ
ִøƻƵģȥţȻƿŵɲǣǻ۵Ļ㱻ĵ顣
ֹ޽˺ӣϻ˷ۣƽЩ壬Ȼ˼꣬ȴʵЩײࡣ
Цʱ͸ˡ
˵ܲٲܲپ͵ִܲǿͣο׵Ҳܾ֮⣬ֻʵүʲô£
ѾͷУֹŮ⣬õִʱΨЦܷ仰Ҽһ
ȻָǴϣִĹӵ飬ôζˣȻһʼûҲ벻ǰƤһ޶Ųȥ
ִʲôɷΪãɴͣͷߡ
ֹæһȣ
ŹȻϣ飬ȻϽŲȻͣ£ȴûаֶԹȥĻֻӵ֮䣬ûʲô˵
ֹͷһŮ˵ƢȻɺѹʥ˶˵ΨŮСҲǰһһС۽硣
̸ָıǲˣֹֻܴӳ飬ﰧҲôңΪ˴ҵôȳɻ֮ٹ£ܴӦ𣿡
ִ˵⣬ȴվǵøԶһЩĸΪ˿ͷλ̫̫ȴǺǵģȹүļޣ֮δ֦Ϊˡ
ԼνѰֹǴ·߰ߣûǲֶ޹ؽҪˡ
ֹգ԰ܴǷΪŮίȫǶԼı־ȰٺðϣһһȰϻͷ򶯡
ȴ˵黰ȴһ˦Ծɻȥˣֹ˸ӣֲϾʹ˻ؼңֻЦŹŮܲܰæȰȰһŮסĽҰ룬öΣա
ԭΪִȻܾ˭֪ȴЦеĵѽ
ֹϲü˵⣬ԭıŮϤࡣ
ȻִϾǸ˵ˣ֪ûѵͣƽ̸ľ
׵Ҳ⣬Ұͷ磬ܸʲô
Ȼ˲òడССͣѧ۸ƶˡֹ°̾ȴҲֻεҪʲô
ִ¶ʤȯյı飬̸һ̸ױ
ֹһǾϻҲûдļױ
Ϊ棬øŮοִȥǳ̼ͥ˵ȻÿңڷҲԼֹǸӣ˺Լ»
ִҡͷǲ֣Ӧõġ
ؿбŶԼЩʲôɣ
ֹϵĺһȻǵãԼ뺲Ժδ峯͢ƣʹȴǱ߾һ̰۰߰ӵĿգԼǾòôģֻҴתǶƽŮױʮǿʷޣŽҶɹѹأڳվȽŸ
֮䵱Ȼ̸нлĬϴϵǮģοȲдǷֹȻǷˡ˭֪ϾСۣԼ˼棬Ů׷֡
ִɫã뽭ɽ׸ıƣξһ˵Ǯԭα¶ˡ
һĲԭ£Ρ
ȻûȥȰƾԲ˻һʣȻҲ̫ˡ
ֹδ߰ӿɲСĿڼҵʵһʱҲòٲӣٽЩׯջءһ͵پңʱδ֪ͤڱҵΪҪ̨ء
ȴϸؼңԸͷ͵úô
ֵֵáֹɵؿŮ˵ģԼ˼
ִ㲻¶ӣڵĵαذôֻࣿ˵ԸԸˡ
ֹ룬ʮСôĥģĵծ뻹ǳԴ⡪ϾǵǱӣഺŶأ
ֻҪǷû׼Ͼͻתˡ
նʱ⣬ֹ¶ģͷһʱò࣬Щӣһ
εؿŮǱߣʹ㡭
ִԥعţʲôʱǱʿӣҾʲôʱ˵飬
ֹһӻңֻȥ
صУӭǰ򵽵ô˵ģĲҪҪ
հ׽εֹ֮ͽҽݣΣ˵ѪҪһʱ̿϶;棬ֻ
˵ϣֹ˽ӵӵĶˣһžۣûбõĻᡣ
ֹȴûҪסջ͹ˣӻظУƼôã
ʱ˶ү޲ŵ·˺룬ɶˡ
ֹüУһһģӵ⸮еŮͼ׼ݣʵʵǼ£򣬴ҲᰲȢ㡣
ƲƲ죬˶ˣռĸ֣겻ɢҲȷ᲻ùɽٲöЩʱ׷֮ٹݣʱ˳ˡ
˼˴ЩͰŸףŵĶȥˣŮһء
ֹԹԵط䵹񣬽ܵĵһһȡЩǷģЩֲҵ¼ҡ
ľЩʲô
ֹڴǷĸһʼױû׷֣ǹⲻȥ綫ƴյػʡ˵ۺǮۿ塣
׽ö죬ĸ׵ȻָǴϣסͷĽţɬʵ٣
࣬߰ӰɡֹڴӲڶŮǰ̸⣬Ҳ
ⲻ֪⸮Ĳ״Ŷ壬лмֻ֣ûõ֪Ȼ϶ܲġ
߰ӣ㹻ʮһˣǴ̡ۺׯҲȥһ롪⻹ܽвࣿİɡ
ͷʲƣвƾ׬ģʲôҪŰޣңϵԸû˱ǮӾ׷֣Ĳ
ȴǺ۸ģۿٷȥҪΪĵˣæ˵ף˭ֱʣࣿһʹթ̫ԿˣҿѰסǸɴɴҲʡϵƭ
ֹôһҲˣȥ׼СƬ̡û˴ϣ⸮ķ˳ûûζƵģѽ
æǼؽУְʣµһԸ⿶ɲԸִǸ˲¹ͷӸֵúôֱΣ
ɣù跨ӣĸŮļıóѡ
룬ϰûĻȻʱ͸ˣ뻹ִǼţֱĺԼȥ
˻ǹ̫˳ˡǰԲƽϣִĿŵ۸ͷϣƱز̡ܵöԷ֪֪Щǲǵġ
ִǿѿеĹͷӲԣ˭Ͻס˼ȥԼ϶ǲ¶ģǸǽͷݼ絹ֻ¹æˡ
ֻǣ¹һ䲻ȣ㿴ڹӣҲδؿϳɽοֻǻʺֶϱ
ҧ´ǲˡݴױ̨µĳ룬ͷһŷӣŮӶԣЧ
¹ô绪ޣɱϾͣϸĶ֮࣬ţ̬Ѳ񻡪Ҫġ
ȪͿռ䶼ңֻʣĵƣ粻ܳɹִЩ
ڣִôҲԿȨѹؾ¹˭֣ˡ


43 .  Ҳ   
ھլסʮ, ӵҲڡ
־طǰ̰棬СԵһӪ, ջķᡣҰ¹Ƥȡȥáʮղֹ, ־طĵҲſҿˡ
ִƤӺȤһƤ, ΪΪһ멣Ȼô¶ػر, ָȾϷ纮ûаʾ˼Ŷ
־طרõīƤԭΪҪ, ˵͸򣬴׾ɵƽʲôöû, ƫ꺮ů, Ц
̵ִߣйУһ׻˵úã, ͹ˡ
ҪҪ壬Ҫù򣬶ٺʲӵ幤ò֣辶ҲöסЩ˵졣
Ϊɺܹû, ⲻ֪־طǸ첲յı־úõİײ˱ˡ
ȻòϿӲǿŰײˣ˶ǻ̵ģ־طԼÿɰʲôҪˣ
־طȻǸһ
㣿ִ´üۣԴ˱ʾɡ־طѾˣٴһƤӣɭĴˡݣٶ࣬Ҳκʿ
־ط˵
ĩ˻Ǵϳ鷳ӦʣµƤΪһ£־طŸ߸뿪
ڶԼһ쳣ƫִƺԼæµȴȥķšΪæ⿴ɨɹ´˵ҪӻҲʡ
ִȰֻȥʵƾڵĻԿɹǵĶׯʳĹŴţ㷢ﲻˣԼҵĽǾġ
һ£𲻿ĵ£ڱߣû׼Ǻ£׽Ų׵ø󲡡ִģ׽ھϢòϣ΢е˴ϣһԿԧܳأǵ·עǿģɼүôƽ
ֹæչ˳ʱҲʵ¼ң֮δִҲż˲̰ģǱʼױǮȻãûҲʲôԴѻʵֻҵ̼ҵĵ֮ÿ¶һʳϢʱиӷ
ʱ⻳ɣôϲ磬ƴҲҲҪһûʵīӦǲƭģȻˣͽⷬˡǮʱ̼ȥǳƭģҲԿˮ
ڳ˵ʺҪټϢִԭЦ̸Ӧˡ
ӭǳ̻ʺ֣Ҳϵִ£ЦĻסūҡ
ִЦЦĸΣ˵ѪԶ볾ЩƫƧЩĵطԵס
ֹϢȻ˵硣δڣִȻ⣬ɴ²ֻʱܡ
˵Ķ˾Ʃλ֣һ۱㿴үͥ⣬ǿǰСŸջûþٹ³
ѹֻʺ
ֱЦ£ūһ˰ɣʺ˹е¾֣ҪΪ£ūǵ۾ײǱߣδ󣬻ĺá
ִκգ˿ҲЩģѲɡǼ£
Ҳò̡
Цеصͷ
ִֻ鸴ӣѹֳ߶߶ģٰ㰵ʾǼϲ£רȥлʺ󣬳̻ʺ¡е·һǽλӵģײǻʺ̧ĿѰСټҵĹ
ִǽ֮ˣʺ񰮣ܷסǻϴ棬زʧ
ֿ;ﻹͦµģҲŤŤС˵³󣬱ŵڽȾµŮҲء
˵ʺ룬Ȼ裬ֻŮ˵£˵ķԸûʺӡ
ЦǶˣСϲأô
ִ½ǣУֵ൱꾲֪̻ʺѾżˣȻ֪Ӧԡ
ȵ½֮ȥʺʻ¾ֵ˹ֱڽߴ硣
ִţһ̫ˡҲ㲻öôòڹ߼
¹ģЦҼ룬ūһ˰ɡ
ִ¶ɫ˻ʺ
¹ҪҲõݼʺǻò
ǰ̫࿴ƽƽ棬ȴһ͵ĺɤӣ޷ʺ꣬ض⡣ҼĽӣϧһǧ
⻰˵ģ֪ĻΪ¹ĥ֮áִ֮ⷬԸвãɿȵģǰ˲µġûθҰ·غǽػʺĺ
¹Ѵãȥɡ
ִ̾Ǳ빫Ϊ·
ϴ¹Ȼ鷳̬ȵƵϺΪǽܼң֪ѪƾԼݣȹй˵ķۡ

ȵ¹סĹңִȻʣɻȻˣڹΪżģ˭
ض˵ſϰæ
ִϵƽ̫ൽ˴룬֣°ݣŮμԸ︣೤갲
¹û̷ѣֻ˰˿ָ֦ʺޢӳѩ֭⣬ޡ
ܾñϴμʱЩ仯˵۽ǵβƵˣƤøӽ£ԭҩִвɣʵţͨҽ
⻰˭ģͳֻΪԼҴ翴¹ͳͨ˽θߣ¹ţ
ִʵĿⲢ⣬ʶӡ˿ʱûʲô쬵ģ}ûţòֱİɣ
ôһ˵͵ͨˣȻһĴãôȻͻʩˣͨԻתռȪҲǱۣԲŻʧЧµ챦ʹúܡ
˼ţִƽػޣŮʱҽ飬Զһ㲻Ͼͨ
˵ʵ˰Ųš
¹̫ҽԺѧȻרĿҽֻڿڣЦ޷ղлҳҹиŮżȾ΢ƾʡûñĶ̫ҽԺڡ
˵գͽ˻
ִʱȴǸԲӴ۾̬΢СѾߣȻһѼۣ΢΢ɫģ൱
ɼ¹ͲΪβǴҲ硣
ȻԵõʵΣܲΣ
ִ°֣̾ͳԼѧǳȥҲЦ̸ôһĴˣȥΡ϶ͨģֻװװӣŮ϶ѹԽԽˡ


44 .  ͵   
ִ, ƳŮסشϥǣȽ澣Ǵվ, ʱעӵķԸûϢʱһ, Сô᲻ף
׾ִﶼǽ˵ɲҲ
ִ⣬ڵ, ֻǳŮδҩ䣬߲㣬ʩչ
¹ƲƲ, ˾ֱ˵αؼʵذЩڣ
Ȼִ뿪, ȥ޵һ׽ɼ
ִҲģֱӹŮڴ, ȥ, ڴҶŮӣҲòŻرܡ
ִԽȪѨѨѹһʵʹ֮У
Ůͷ, ߳ỨԭΪ˼ݳϷͺãҪѽҲ̫ù˰ɣ
ִ𽥼ִʹȴʧöԷʲôŹֵİĦַ, Ůֻ´һů⣬Žϣֱ֫ٺ֮У˵
û̫ãִһУŮʹ˲㵯һС
¹Щսľִʲô
ִͷҲأβҪء
¹
ȻԼûСӵģ󣬲Ȼ˿̰ľˡôִǸӣĴε໴еģҲҽ
һۣԹԴͷִҽʱ״ңǳӾȻ죬֡ǳǷִˣ
ȵһ׽ʩִ꣬Ȼ罬Ůǻԣϵǣ֮ǰɬĸоȴʧ٣·ϴ˸೤ˮ裬ѻĻˢˡ
ңͷʱСȵĸҲ˲١ԭλﲢǽƭӣȷʵѧ
ִһʰߣһ͵Ͷ˲󼺣ҽߣıϾ࣬ԱΪˣպҲְ̫أܶʱǶա
ŮһᣬȻ֪Ȳôģ˭ǵࣿʹշ¹ߣΪӾĽ¹ȴִ֣һƽĹټСܶѴӣνˡ
ŮͷȥĨۣ¹ʹѵǳȴ飬Σ
ԭƻʱִָǸӹҽǵ²ƼأĽ
ϵǣӾǫسִʩ񣬡лСΣū澴˿Ѻöˡ
ˣô˵
¹۵ȻѾͷȻȴװ֪ϸ΢ȴŵū澲ҽ಻֪С㱾ΣūʲƣСȷҽĸ֡
˲ʹǹūͣȥԼĶˣЩ֮ͽʲô
ˣֻʵʵ˵ʹ˾ٻ𷣣٣
¹Цˣԭ̫Σһ֪ѾͷʲôԻĵı£˭֪ŰʱͰԼһԱշȥˡ˵
Ȼ¹ȴҲ޼ƿʩ˸Ŀִɣɵúܺãٲߣ񲻳˴ĵѣ
ʹٲԸ¹ҲֻܴųǼ֣ˣСؽһ飬֮
ԸõõĶִӲٿʩʩȻӹװĽУҪ뿪ȴϵȵȡ
¹ޣĿȻֻأ
һʱ䣬˵Ŀִ
ִ
֪λжСˣΪԼľ֣ɲģҪԼ֯һ͵˵ûԹвңҲʱţӽڣ¹趼ûȣţֱʩ룬ֱһֲ̲ͣǧֹæ͵ȥùͷϵӣ
Ȼ۴¶ôЦ¹ƾԼݼŤתǬ˵ѹˡ
Цִ룬Ϊ֤ףǵһΣ
˵úպ󾩳ǻ֮ô㲻͵ģ޶˱ˣ˹պ˭۹⿴ֹ٣û׼¶
¹Ȼʣȴľ綾
ִ˻ҾҲˣ಻֪Щʹ͵ˣδߣѵûȥôҿ֪֪׵ĸֵûɣﲻʹ˷˹ţټһһʣǵ¿ڡ
һƱ죡¹û뵽ŮŴľľȴٰ䣬һʱ֪Ǻá
ȥǰҲࣿʲô֪֪ģз⹬ȻŵùѾͷƤǳҵֱ뿴ͷϵķɣժ²Уȴ׽ǻ
ִϵãԼС̫࣬һоǰźõģǽαضʱ·ϾѲ͵תŵԼϡ˵ʲôš
¹վƣӸС㣬㻹ʲô˵
죬æֱ磬ȴڽӴ̾һƳδͷִ˵Ҳûţû׼ԽԽڡ
ִзɿתţ̱⣬һǰѰοԣŮһūѳŮִˣŮԸһ֤ס
˵գҪһײ
¹æЦô󳼵ĵŮУʵۻô룿ɵ
ֻúʵ˼Σ
ִĿԽֱֱ䵽ϣóŮ֮Ѽ죬Ůͬ⡣
¹һ֮䣬Ǹõӵģ梵ĽȻ˽ˮ㲻ˡһ㣬¹ɷģҲǺġ
е⣬漴ϲüңִԼòѽȻûҲѳŽɣ
ȴһȻģ㣬㵱ûô˿ʵʵһ·Ҳ顭
¹⼸仰е㵹θڣȥԸģȻȢôһĶϱ˭˭أ
ִȴɫ糣վԭأѡ
еɣ뵽̫ο벻ŪǿϲСܹޱȱˣ˫ȴʵػִ
Ѽ죬ǽͬţ뺣ʼղټѲȻβģ
Ȼִ΢΢һЦѹľˣŮһԡ
¹ֻۼûŮӣֱǹ룬ʹֶͨҲʩչΨľ˵
ִһۣҶ⹬Ըһͬʣѹֵˡ
ƿڴˣôҷҧһڣҪҸ汳ô
ȻƾߣǸ߸߾֤ףȻ̧۵ɲǣһֻδлȻ䣬ײڵϣ
˶ˡ


45 .     鲻þȣǰԼȳȥ
ԸĿ, æֱᣬҸû͵
ִѧ, ظʲ, 㵱ûô˿ʵʵһ·Ҳġ
İ, ҧȻΣȻ֪Լףؼû֤ݰ
ǽαӦִѳ, ΪκȻ䵽Լϡ, ѹִҪǰϧ棬ҪߵԼͷ, , α͸Ůˣ
ϥǰ治֪£ʹֶΣպ޵صִһ, 㷽ŹѼ죬ıɣ֮⣬˽ҵΨлУ
ԼһʱΣȻִĵ˵Ůƶˣϲ־͸
ִ鲼˪, 㲻ҵҲαõ
ΪԼֱ磬ԥĵȻģ
·̫ƵƵʹɫϧû
ִǷĵ΢ЦŶԭǼԵѽҾôı£ͨˣΪأ
¹ԽԽڣ˵ȥֻ»͸һˡ
Ȼó̻ʺЦǰݺһţСӣ㣬ȴ֪ж𱾹Ķ쵽ͷ췣ȥ
Ⱥ޺ý㵹һңֺ¹ͬҲٸ꣬ԼժһɶȴˮϤõͷϡ˭йô˵ĵطˣõ䡣մȨƱҪִȥۣ¹ȥ̨ɽΪȵ꣬ýЩ֪۸ģһҲŹ
ִԭŮ׳־ֻ¹ʩһǺƮƮȥ
ڽӣȻԾɻص¹ͷϡ˿ȴ޲ý׼ԼĺմۣùȴһҰﳤСѾͷˣˣ˭ɵϣ
ʲ̫ŰѺǰˣǻҪô
ȻҪ¹㲻Ϊ˿ҲԸ˭ãҲģƽЦ
ӾǼӣô޲ģ
*
òű˴·ִԼ˽װηһĿȻ
̻ʺʱ٣ֻüûΪ㣿
⹬˭ģֵ紵ݶûв֪ġ̻ʺ̹ˣмҲ¹ƽϣʶʹ֪°·غҲΪСҪˡ
ִƽ̻ʺ˿ڰϸ顣
ִЦˣﲻǲ֮ˡ
ҪҲֻϣȻվ˵ۡ
һʱ·ˣ̻ʺִԹվţЩϱȥϸ΢Ŀխ첲ĻظȻһ
ִ֫Ӵ֮ǼŮв´̲סҪЦ鷳ɣ
̻ʺݵŮһôһ£ôԲã㵽ֲֶ꣬أ
ִģã̻ʺԼϼ˲롪ȻǻʺȴԪ䣬صʱĻ˲Ͼϸɣοڵƣ̩۶෽ƽ⣬Ҳٴ졣
Ҳ˳̻ʺĺ£ˣ䰮ǰСΩԸ϶
ִ㲻ϱߣδʼձ̬ȣĿǰкøУͷϵľȻ̫Զ˭ܱ֤պģھҪԤ֪֮Ķ̫硣
ҡִԼ䲻ԼòƽӹΪýŵԣɲŮò񲻹ˮžмʣ˾ͻ䲻ˡ˳Ȭ棬֮£üĻѿ
ִԱֻϲʵǵԣԼڳע̫ĸ飬ڲᡣ
Ȼ׻ǵó׵ģǵԼҲִԼı֮·ұӻȻѰһɽĿǰΪֹѵѡ
ߴ󣬳̻ʺ˽ҪϲľȡһĳУл£ˣ֪֯ѣɫ»εǡ
ִ޲óϷĵл񰮡
̻ʺֺǺǵ˽û֯췻׼Ʒ£ѱ㱣ţұð֪ʱһýԼȢ˸ôò˵ӡ
ִû뵽̻ʺҲͯȤһ棬ɼ̼˲ЦҲһСĺҲϲͺˡ
ִȻԼճֻ̣ĦƥУѣһȴֻܴһΣо˷Ѱ
ԸȺٸ飬ﾡˡ
ִλԴƲͷȻһ£һˡ
䲻󣬵òֻлʺܹܣǲҵ»ۻġ
̻ʺȻ岻ݴǣܸ£֮ء
*
˵»ʱ쾮ͷ಻ԣͷɹţڷʪһϣϥȻûƬǧС㣬Ƥϸϰʱ͹ܵˡ
ۿִȥ˻ʺһϲΧġ°Լ˰ɣִмɫ
ȻҪкִȴҲһֱۣشԽһµŮǰѾͷΪ²ûԭƻݺִ¹أ
̻ʺ󵱼üʲô
ݵ΢Ĺ澣Ҳǻʵ۵ŮˣǲƾõġҪôܿ沿ûաҲ㹬һĵĹء
Ȼ¹Ȼ޿֣ȻպִȱʺҲûʲô£ԼŮرʲô£ʺٳ첻»
¹ʲʩһĮȻѾͷԼڵûã檲£ʺﲻⶼ۰ɣ
˵ɣĴ߳ѪɫҲˣɼһŮܽܵ
̻ʺһʼ£ҲЩס⣬ź㷳ģ㽫˴߾ˣʡļǣٱ
¹ʵȻʺ곤꣬ʺһһõģȴ˲ֻ˴ĸ¡
³ɺһԭ¹ȥȴǵý²ɣϲûʺԸԳƣȴֺܲôѾͷ˴ãź򣬲ǹô檻֣̿ñµ֪˵檲ˡ
˵ϣ̻ʺҲ޼ƿʩִֻܸһʧɫֻˡ
ڵϵ٣鲻þȣǰԼȳȥѽʹ˰ٱɫִֻܿװĳ̬˭Ҫ£
¹ôһǣ˳ˣҪ˵Ϳ̩ͣȴȻãӵĵ˹֣޸˸ɡ


46 .     Ķӣɲá
¹æŭݱϲɫ, 洺ӭǰ£ôˣҲǰ֪һ, ó檺õȡ
ͣȻ¶ŮĽ, Ҳᡪò˵츳
̩ɺܳ԰ףȻⲢӰж, ϣΪ̬ѵҪҫԻʺ󲻾
, תΪ䡣
¹ʧɫ´Ժ⣿ԩ
, ʺ󲻹һѾͷֺαذٰã̬̩˵űԸ̫, 纣, ˴ȥϴº͵ڵǼᣬ˵
¹ٲ, ˣֻίš־һ۸Ŀģ
̩ȴѵ㹬ˣﶼʺ, Ҫõģֻαظʺû˵ѳ·ϡ
¹Ψдͷѵ
ִоú˼̩۸ֹһϣ檺Ȼ˵ȴȻ̩ͬһͻ磬ڷΧ̽࣬Խ׳ذ벽ﲻػʺȴսʺȨ̩뵱ӵȻҲͻݡ
޶żֹҲ뵱һʷʿ򣬿ȴ൱ݣǿ˸ʹ檺ƽǶƭԴڿŮ˵ģΪԼǶһ޶氮·һʰҪ̫ˣҪסˣҪסģͬ¼߸ղƽ⡣
̩۾ṵ̂ᣬŮ˲ƸλԴ˻ǵ⽻ױ͹ƽ˼̻ʺ¹֮䲻ɿȴ˻˹кͬģԻʵ飬ȴõʵȫİҪء
ο̩۴װףû㡣
С˺αӣǻαӸֵЩ
ִһ󣬾Ϳ̩פǰ˭Ůӣ
ӿνӯ˿ˣƵƵʵעĿ˭δ
¹ע⵽ּɫȴΣУС˸òῴҸСɣ
ɲĺǴҴվǳͤеС㡣
һЦʾǹеˣ£檻Ϊͬ˵ء
̩ЩϧӵĶȻûиĵֻðڰ֣֪Ϊʲô
¹˵ʲô˵Լݺ˲ɷڧôǵѻʵʺ͡
ҪԼժɾ¹һƵͷϣѾͷͿгϵķɣȡ棬±Ϊ͵صϣ檺ײЩԩƽˣ﷣أ
ֳͶȥһƳʶȤĻͱ˵ܵġ
ֻܼĬԣʵ¹Ƿ˵Ѿˣ˵СŮ֮һʱЦ㲻ʲô
Ȼ̩ƫƫǸٸ׵ӣ⵹ˣԼ͵˶ΪҪ㣬Ҳһô
˵ζؿִѾͷ䲻ģõҳʱ᲻ʧ̬
ʵ֮⣬ʱֽţʾִñֳĬӴ֮¡ӰĸĻ¡
ȻִϾǸʵˡó裬Ȼƽڣܼ򵥣Ϊҡ
⻰·Ķк䣬ˣջУִŴϺͳݣҲô¶ĸ룬ϹȻһȥҲˡ
ִǻѡʱ
̩ۺΪʲô㣿
ܼ򵥣Ϊǲͬһִ۵ͨͨӡ
̩ЦȻȥ׮永ţȻҲ㲻ʲô£ֺαعڻ
ȴͬһ֢ڡִľȻҵ֮ǰȽʶ˰ϣ˽ڻһŮҵáЦǣʮһֱں˫飬ңȴò£ܾ
̩ۻȻԭʱ򱧴ѽ
⣡öͷðŵ֪٣վִָʵȻڱ𷣣ֱֻͦͦعţŬ̧
ϧ⻰ûţ¹ж˼ֱģԼŮʳ˵ĺӾ͵̵ôֲʶ˵⣬˭ţ
ȵȣô˵Ůȼļ澣ô䵱
д¹ವĿ⣬ֻŲװִĻûӰ죬ԼԵۡôù
ִϥʩһ񣬼ʵ۵ĸҸ룬סھһլУţֻǲ˲ʱǡ
յý̩ôһ˼ϸܵĵǵ˽ܷŹֻ͵Լʵʵ׬ӡ֡
̩һҳ飬Цˣü뿪úܸø˲ǣΪλҪ㣬öһô
ִ˵Ů룬Ϊ˼ױ
̩ȤŨŶԸϴ
ִʵ۵ôԣĺ
˵߰˰ˣٶһ׮ҲûʲôִԵҸںԺְʱһծǷǿĸļױŻΣĸȻ룬ǮȻֻء
ƳһۣŮ룬֮ԲޣΪױɣ
Ǯֵܷıˡ־طӣĴͷȻլۡȻŮӹη֣ǳʱߡ
ӦԼӦõĲƲ˲ִʵҲΪ̳Ȩ
̩̾үǸˣüױǮȥңֵ޲ݣþۺɢҲĵòϳӣԼŮ֣Ҷƽ£޿ɵҲǷܵúܡ
ڳⷬǴҲҴ˼ĪҪ٣
ʹļ٣ƫƫ˵ϻ¹͸ˣ޲̸ƲϵʲôҷʲôŮһ׵ĸףһʵҵĸףʲôõģ
ĶӣɲŮӸۻˡ


47 .     ţѴֵá
̩۳Ƭ, ǽȨִ£޿ŶƵú, ֪Σ
·ֻҪһ仰, ʵ۾ͻݶλٽӱƵġ
̻ʺ󲻽˰Ѻִ֪ÿ, Ҳ֪ĸ鼫ãʹ丸ô, ᲻ûȣŮȴܲТ, οؾʦô壬, ûʵ۲ϲ
ʵϻʵҲûʲô, 赭дһ仰һŮӵ̬ȡ
¹ͬͷ壬аϲɫ, ʲôίֻܶԱ˵ˣһΪġ
⵱ȻǷһ˵ˣǵԸԳ, ûʵ۲Ȼŭ¹سǸܸ֮Ԥִһé®Сöͷƣ͵ſȡˡ
뵽˴¹촽΢΢䲻ϲҲִܹ⸱һϳȥǲŽгء
ȻִȴβԲĽƤ˻ȥ֪֮ضȳŮö࣬ľŮ顣
СС;ͽƥĵ¯࣬¹ֻʰ·硣
̩Ц㵹Ծ޻ẦƵġ
ȴЩŮӵĴСܾۣ˭ֿѧ㳤硪治ףȻͲȴ糢еˡ
̩࣬Ҳ뻹һĸЩίǼ£Ѻ룬Щǰƽˡ
͸ˣʲôԪޣǴԼҪߣαͷϣ齲ԸǿŤĹϲ𣬿ɼʵۺ
ţ˭֪ʵۻһתǷծǮ쾭壬ģүϣҲˣֻܷıǡ
ִׯʩıҲָ˽ֹ;ûôʵҲûôУǺ˹ġ
óͥ͢ãʵ˴£ֹļƻʱøһˡ
ִŻʵдµծȨ飬Цٻ⿴ŵϷˣã˾ߣӦúɣ
һֳȹڣԣ޲õִ˺÷顪ֽ飬²Ҳûˣ򣬹ٸֻ»ǿּҡ
ԼǼ棬ֱõӸ⻹ܣѾЦܷ˳Ӹıʱûˣúȥδӣ
ĸṴ̊ᣬʹŲЩױɳԺȲҪǮһļѲҪǮб¶ȥȻֻأûʵ۴˸θôҲ°Լ
ִİãȻº˶ԴϱȥǧǻʵԼҪдģܲΥʥּɣ
ң˻Ǯ£ʮֻհǧѾܺˡ
һ׮̩ˬ¶룬²бӢĵ
纣Ǹȡʹ͸ִǱɼΡ
ִԻʵ۵ϸڴʵ۵ī׬ӣͺʵˣȻӹ£ʲôʣ
̩ȻǰնŹʫͯңָӻһ䣬⾳Ȼʣ԰⣬ƣǷиţ˼֮У
⻭ţôɣţôġ
ִһӲʶ伲࣬ţ򲻷֣ȴֻӦšˣƾͺãʲôأֻҪԻʵʣһʺ˿ġ
¹ġţǡɫȴ糺죬ĳ˳ʵѣ£ǡõ˼֦ҪҪƣ
̩۾ðǴ󵨣ְ⽿ģ಻⣬ֻ˿ȣ/˵Щ
¹۾ˮģϷԣһҪ
̻ʺرȥƺܲ
ִһ±ơ津֪ʶäˡ@@ĭ
ȵ̩۽ӻ񣬳̻ʺҲִ뿪ͷص㡭
ִĽŲƬͣͣվǾȻת¹ԸԸˣ˼ҵ£öˡڲžѣһʼǱǱݷ㣬Զڡ
Ȼص󣬳̻ʺǰŮ̾Ҳ߯ƽʱڱǰˣĵűҲֱڿ죿ӲԸðʧҶ²
ִЦʥ֮һСŮӼƽϣ
ǻأ̻ʺƳջسҪҪף
ִ㲻Ȼó򣬵ⲻζͻίȫۿӰŮĻ£񲻸ҹ࣬Ŷҳִʵܡ
Լĸ£ʵ㶼ϳȫλҲûʲôֵˡ
̻ʺЦԷǣģûġͲʼҰɡ
ѵһ־ͬϵˣ̻ʺȻþȫüǱߣ˴ܲӰĻ±ǡ
ִܸмʺ⣬ȴҡͷˡ
Ϣһ±ȻӰ졪̼ȢŮһøŮ
Ҫضᶥסѹʼղ壺ԷȰҲҪˡ
ǽ֮ãԶίȫҲûʲô˼
ִѵ뷨صУ˵һľΨ̾Ϣͣײˡˡ
ڣǱǷ㹻ĸŮʳǣ׻׻̼һڻ飬Ҳ뵣ģٰѰһź¡
ִĸ׼˵Ҳ޷Ըһӡ
ĸŮȻֱƻ裬ûа㶯̼˹ѵҲƽϣ
ƷŵùģôҲŲʣִϰڳɇ֣۵ΡȫǾֻлʵһԡ
*
̼Ҷүշת׮ţȲؼҸӷ㿴ҪҪ̫̫棬ȥ׮£
̶͵ʲôˣȢ˸ĶϱǺ£ҪҲʲôģ
Ͱ󷿵Цִһ겻ºü׳٣ǸﾹҲѧźúõĺ˲Ҫ롪ôڵ׼ңţѴֵ췭ظŹأ
ΪʲôҪֹͲƤЩ
̶үȷֻڴ󷿣˵ﶼء
ɿ⣬̶үҲ飬ֻ˵ǴȢ˸ɥǾͺˡǧԼҡ


48 .  ù   ƽ׳ʵЩ⣬
ʳǲǲ̸, һ̫棬ǴӹﴫȥġȻʵ۲û, ˭Ҳ뵱ͷǣ
ֱкȥͤ̽, ֪ȷʵѾҲ֪ȥ֤Ϣ׼ȷ뾹ǰ϶ˡ
ܿ, Ȼ벻㺱̻ף̻Ȣƽ, 䲻Ϊɷϣ໨ЩӴ, ٸҲһֻ۱һֻۡеӶǰͻݣ޲ܻ, ѹ, һ߶ߣŻ
ýȢĹٻµޣھֳЩ˼ˡ
һʱ, ۷׷ס
޷㲻£ôҲǶƽģ˵ͺ룿ү͹٣̰ɫΪﻹҵõģ
˵ҷ˺, ΪһҳֲݣҪֵȥүѲ˷
Ǻүǹùġ
ùƨԭʲôңүլ÷˵ļױݲؽ˵ѵŮͼŮҽǸҰֶʮĸأ
ֹӸؼңϢѾ÷зˣһ·ϼ˵۾ϡǰΪ˵Ľ㣬ֻǷ˭Ҫֳ³
ǣѾŻԭĿȱʱȡȻҲû֮ء˼ǧ㣬ȫ׷ˣ׷ˣ
ֹߵزִ֮ǰһжǺúõİͰ࣬Ϊδ¶֮׮׮أ
ʵ۶Ѿͷĺ˵˵ʶʾдծԸ¡û˵˼ʵ˲졣
ɷӵļױ쾭壬Ը黹Ϊ˺ɱִôһŪͺûϵļҵƵġҪô룬ο໹ĸŮ·ֱӰϳȥˡ
ֹŭʯʨһţǵӲ̤º𣬷Ľʹ
һùǰʯʨӶŸɡ
ֹŭݣͣСأ
ִȻĸŴϣֹڼеλáܲŮԶȥ
Ҳܱ䡣
֪Լү鲻ãϥЦС˵ӲԸȻطϢˡ
ֹ⸮ﶼû·ˣһΪ
׹ңŮľӭɼгʲôֹûĸĸ飬ɼǰֻ֣ͲĸЩȥýӭء˵ǰڱ̵ģŮˣ
ֹԼǰãЩǨŭ£ҿû˼
ãװ¹һ죬ȶˣʵ
ʹӦҪȥȻһ£үо仰֪ƼС͵͵ֽǵ֮࡭
ֹͷͻͻѲǼ̵飬ѾͷԼ˽ѹΪ˹ӣǷϵӡ
ѹִֵУŮǲӲӥĸԣΪԼڣвյģ
񲻵Ҫ;ˡ
ֹŭЦȥС㣬˳㣬ҷ
УҪοΪͷţ˭֪ͼǼվñֱԻϸֳ塣
ɣҪʲô
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ִ֪е֣Զ뼯У徻Ѿ֣Ҳ˳˳Ȼ˯þ
ĳϲҹõ顣
ִͷִǶĵ۾ڴϼ°죬޷Ӷǰš
򲻺˼ͷôҾû㡣
ִޱ飬СӣΪиܲõĴʣгպ֪
ȻԳôӵֻľϾ͵ˣΪʲô
ʽ֮ǰǸûرһµģοָòƵΡ
ΪԼΣѰҾʡϲϲǼ£
ԭΪִɫЩͦõġ
ϲʤ㵸ܺÿ԰ɣѡĲϣǴպһ֬У˵ֲѣһƽ˳ٰü
ÿࡣִóеЦϾǶԷһƬ⣬ͦжģϲû
ګګԣˡһġ
ִԾˣҲЩߴ磿
±ȳ𺳶󡪡Ͼ۲죬Ǹ൱нˣ䲻ϲԽӴֻѾͷûо֪ˣ˻ô
ȴΪڳԴףæ֣ûУҾһ¹ȥǿŰˡ
ִȻеһһεĴ£
վűߣѶаӵռ̫ǿ˰ɡ
Ȼ鲢ǰ㣬ִֻȡһϸϸľߣӼ羱һֱ¡Ȼݣһշǰ׳ʵЩҲˣѴܷ
Ȼִֻ֣ΪóߴȥУҪ֤¾ƾ
˳ʮָŵôҴǶ˻˵㣬֮˺巢࣬ƹͷζӽľˬ
¶ˣִǡõ廨ˮϴͷ뿴ܷᴿõ㾫ģκ豸ȫ󲻳ɹֻܽƷʹá
Ȼһ£ˣү֪֪Ǻ⣿
¹ǸʵѰζҲִһ֪ʵģƫƫͷûִͷʵ䣬ô֤
ûϵȻǷ̶ӱǺͰ͵ǡǲǸôʣ㡭㲻Ҫ
ȴִƲƲ죬˵ˣԼȥʡ
УȻԼһ
ۿδһԻ󣬳޷ֻϣǸʵĺϸϸ͸
ִɱסˣȿȡҿ̫ˣȻǰ˵Ҫˣ
ִ޲Ҹطȥ
˵Ϊζã
ӭδ޷ߣشͷ˵ǲȺ
ȻҲֲ顣
᷿־طڱɪɪվˣ־Ȼ䱾һǲǾҪײƷų
ƽ׳ʵЩ⣬óԵѽ
֪Ҳȥǩ겻Ƶù͸ˣ


49 .  Ʊ   ͨ£Ǯܽ󲿷⡭
ִ˵ʱĻ, ҹų˯ȥȻŲҪ͵Լỹ̼ͦģѹ˶˵޲, 檲͵
˯ִӣ϶һĨ˵΢ЦԴӴ֮, ̫಻׵ˣ˧Ļǲ˧ģ֮ϵĵ, Ǹ۱СɼӸԣԸġ
۳ߵһ, ٺ˹ɫԼܲԿˡ
, ִݹȻȴ࣬˵è۶Ӻ, ֱǴīӡ
ִһ, 磬û˯ã
ֵģô£Ѳɷ˼
־طҡҡͷ, ܲ˵Լּ˰ɣӺɷƵƵ־ţ˵ȥûӡ
ŵʱ־طƬ̣ǷĿýĴȣתؼһСײˡɱ, ֣뱣ի䣬а֡
ִȴӷôӣһݲˣɲҪһӭ͵Ĳ硣
ʢһ±ţǿС
־طֱᣬɿ飬ˮǲ¡
ǿѹƬ⣬־ط̲סʵãûʲô춯
׻˵һ죬ʶĵСִ֮൱ݡʲôŹƸ¼ͺãԼװ׵Ćѡ
־طü˵ԶĺڷɽиħһҹѪ⣬Ϊҥû׼أ
˵գ޾ɵذײˡ
ִһģԸθִô
ֽĵ룬μϵʲôɮѽԡի䣬ɲɮһˡ
־طӲס̶ǼȼеУ̻ѽֶǼ֮ظϲ嵭ζЩʳ߱ǲŲأ
ۿŮͽε÷Ψаҡͷһµãطңн
÷ִ֮˽ҹõĳߴ͵֯췻ȥȻԼ֮ǰļ¶Ŀδؾȷпĸġ
ƫ־طۼ⣬ãָѣ
ִµ˽ȻǸļҳСȴǸнԣ϶ǲԸŮ˵ġ
δһ粨ִֻýǰɵ磬ҳ֮󣬸Ҳ
Ϊ취ܹƽ־طȴֵƫִ˹ƵҡͷɣǱѣôһ
ִҲͬѽôأ
־طΪ÷õİЩƤǼȥʹϡ߲࣬ɴӲСһţŦ۶ˡ
Ը̵ģžת˸Ȧòÿ
ִͦÿġ
ȻԳɫµʶʵѾӢˣôһȣֱ֮˵ֻεĻȸǾ֮ϵķˡʩǿ͹ʵ
ȻִģĬĬ˻طУʣ¼߶ϣ㹻ˡȥȥܹ鷳Ƶĺá
ҹԼʮָͷڳ״ִϲģܸѣȵĴл⧲ָͷƤεϸỬ
Ȼ֮ǰҲӴǶҽ뻼ߵִͨĿбӣҪԵ۹ӡִȻ˻ɫϡ
ȵȣĻɫû׼أȻôʲô
ִڳ֮ǰʽŮĽ׶Σȴٵˣڶ¶ʮʮ塪Īû̫˵㣬ŸոʶҪĵã˿Ƶġ
δһ¡ִٵؿڣȻ뿴ϲģ׿εӳʻ£е
ֹߵˣλƺܰԼ˼ʱǰϣִûعȥš
ֹźһƱݣ϶ЦݣôܷҼһ棿
ϿɲԸɵǰ˵ִĮ֣ȥˣʲô˵Ҳһ
ѾͷĹٲɶ񣬺档ֹջȴҲֻܹԹԽƱᣬţµģҸ
ͼ۵ϵ棬ֹһۣѾͷʵ۳ծȡǵٻ꣬͹һء
µӣƫƫѾͷҲƲ磬˵Ǵ˹ɵģֹ޷ֻԶϱ۰µͼ֮
ִùܸŮ˵ľףֻҪӾͺãһ䣬ǽϿдˣ޷꣬ϢҪġ
ֹͷٶȹĳ£ģְһ
κʵ۶ƫТŮֹΣֻüЦȻıǡ
ЦˣȻ⣬ŬŰŹϣ⼸㻹ǰؼסɣʱӺţ¶ٻЩ
漰⣬ֱڴӴͣ𲻾䵽һôֹǵǰ޵ĲƲںҪӣȻһһʡ
ңӲǴһŮĺȻҲԼһݡ
ִź޳ܵףЦ԰ȵϿͷϴɣȻһȥ
ֹȻɫˣô˵
ôҲǳ͢٣ΪһͥȥҡβҪҪˣ
ִЦ׻˵úãᣬôҵģȻôߣҲԵȥ棬˹ٸþ벻Ҳɣ˵𣿡
ֹйƵ뷨ϧ˾Ǯ£ڶ֮Щǻû˺һŹءٵÿӣֹǴͷ
߶תȥ
ִȻԵãֱˣûţ
ȴϻִ㽫ƱݹȥȴҪŰɣڼҲûʲôģЩƱôܹ
ִ֪ϺģҪôʲôңҲûױױծȻģֹʮû׵ΣѪ쾭壬Ѳɻˣ
ȴִУźáǮվһԽԼЩׯЩ⣬ôó̼˿㡣
˸Ŀͷϲ֪Ǯжôɹ󡣾Ӵ֮޿ޣ̼ôһ壬иѲġͨ£Ǯܽ󲿷⡣
ʣµģͿˡ


50 .  ӭ   ԸȺĸϻˡ
ϲڰõǰһ, ȻޱȣһͷƲֱȻɡ
ִžӶ˰ʱ, ԽԽľ֪֮, ˿ҲԼðݡ˿װ𿿽װ
ֻɫѵĺ£ҲӲ˰˷, ȡ
Ψһźȹ̫˵㣬ϰѡܳŵϻֻ»ûžͳƲɡ
̻ʺּ̿λСȤ, ģòԼ, ˰
˵΢΢¶ĸӣĹһɫɫ, 鶼һģӿ̳, ɼѵأػʵݺóк컨Ҷȥӵķͷ
ִм̻ʺӺ󹬼ǧͷҳôɫƽӹĹ, ɼ̻ʺ˲ġ̫жˡ
ǿһӣȥͷЪ£дǰԤõͷӣרΪ١
һ»ǰɣͷ̫£϶ġַʱͶô߸ߵķһҹ»Ӳľ, ΪľŪˣ
ִһǸյƾ;ͷƤ飬˯
̲ס󣬡ܲܲᰡ
ޱ飬԰Ͷһͷҷȥ̹Ӱɡ
ִ˿ĭձŶôڴֻòˣһصĴ£⡣
ǻƸ۵ױǰϲΪԼ췢
ϲЦΪͷûСģֺܣ˿У·أ
ȻƨɣִŻǺܸˣ˵
ҲԼķòƱ˵㣬սʱһϡͷǽӽơǳӪĺۼ
ŹȥһأͱŨܣˣԭĵӾͺá
ҲЩȫΥġȷʵƯˡ
ִ򴽣еԼ˸ۣȱѲôŤ
ͷڳһԡ
õĸƷ٣ִֻ÷ԣΪֱͦͦţֽǰģײﱻӡѪ
ҵǲľͷ־ط֪ĸѰ˸ͷȥֻޱȡִ²ʯġ
ִһҹΣҲûȷơ
ʣ¿ױˣȻ΢еʹ˿߽ȥϵĺë֮ȷʵ۲١ϲҲɣܿκ覴õĲ֣רעòȡ
ִһǸҽʦ
ױ󣬾˼ֱȻһ¡ϲϲû׵ַ֬ʱױͺֻܲЩۣɫ֬ӪһȻĺθУʹʤߡ
ֱ񼼰
ִ̾Ϊֹ֣ô뵽ģ
ϲЦǸױȻô¡ôүרˣҪˮܽأȻȥΡ㣬ֻүùأ
ִû뵽ǰҲܽػϲȾϼͿһ֬¸ˡ
ȴ൱ִ֣Լ϶벻ҪôġһˣȻоʧܡ
ģպרױʦˣִܿϲΪ϶Ȧ˵ȸɫƮݵϲֱڻϵˣ㱼Ҫȥ
ַǰȺҲˣһͲѣֲ˵ŮӳģǸˣ۾Ҫֱأ
ֺ죬Ҳòϵλ梳ֵʱǰȷʵһĸϲϵױͷһҪĸϸԼʱҲ
ĴͺЩˣȫǶ֪ܣ֪Сġ޲ٲҪţ񲻸Щ˿Ц
Ȼ㣬ƫҪҲЩ֪ܱġ
ϻַǧ죬ɹΪϵĽ㡣ǺţֻǳɫȹζûֻޱһǳİܽأãȾǱͷʵ򴦴ģһִʱױʤױЧ
ִԭŮǽˣλεش֣辶֮һӡ
ַƲͷȥǧĺʲôիõİϷһκζԼãͬҲٸЦ
ֻװɿ
˾û˼ɣΪѴ򱧲ƽȻƣ̲סǺ梵ϲ磬Ǻ⣬ѲڴТ𣿡
ִ
û뵽￴ľȻڳࡪۣ̫ˡ
Ҳû뵽˴ڱ䣬СԣҸĸ㽡ڣڮ١
ĸȻָǵĸȻƫƫҪ⣬ôǿҹªţλ׷˾Ȼܻúúõģǻǧꡣ
֮⣬׽е͸һӵָ㡣
ûҲȴֲ˺ڳû˻ֻװţǰִ㣬ҵ治ĵģΪ˲ĸףҰѾյͷ涼ˣճһݺ񣬻Цɡ
һףʵûпɴѡ
˻ᱻ⸱ɱΣƫƫϵǿС㻹֪֮⴩һ۵ģǲء
ۺ춼ãϲ񲻰ָ檣
͵ԼĻ»ԣǡüĲҲͲãܳȥ
ִҲû׷ϣ˸ãʡð£Ĵӣɲκβɵǰš
ȵϣǰԺС˳̹үˣ
ִæҪӭַæұ𼱣һԣ÷򡣡
ϰףɹǲ׼ģûֵŹֵӣһ򿼾ɵѧʶ䣬Ҳּϲ
ִý㣬̫Ϊ˼˼͹ˡҪǮֻܴá
³𲻳³ϡΣɴƽôԶ룬Ѿˣִʵڲٳʲô⡣
ַЦƽ⣬ûþԼˣˣԽƣǳӵá
˵գ˼ȭ°䣬צվűߣڳ³Ͻȭļơ
ִ
Ȼеδ๫С壬ԸȺĸϻˡ


51 .  Բ   ִԾãˡ
һϲ۹, Ȼſ⼸ŮһǾף̡ѹȢȥɣ
ȻƳ򻨴һ˫ǵ۾֪, ⲻִ⣬Ǽš֪, Ȼɶˡ
ǲŲæǰת³ĳǰӭס
ַλүƢŹ, ˴ϲҷܲˣպڳ̼ί
ַһ, Ů׼õƧżȡЦеү, ⣬ȻȥȻ, ޸ܲˡ
ִ˰Ѻ, Ҳ̫ΪˣΪַٻᰴƾٿԵķΧôһдĵ伮߶, ˭ֿȥУ
ϵǣȻԴһ˿ġ
ֺ첻ɵؿŽ㣬, ò̹Ӵͨõİɣ
ַ룬û˸Ǯ˭ͨ
ֻǱ飬־طܣүȻȻ÷ȭŹ򡣡
ִ̲סе㣡
Ĳž͹ˣʲôǵñ䣿˼ҳԴ׻ָЩҪգⲻ̫۸
ѭԴԶԶȥִֻһΪŭǵͨ죬Ǽ⻹ðϸɼԼôС
ֻҪվԼߣʹȫΪУ޾塣
΢΢һЦ˵̨£־طȭʩ񣬡֣ɷȡУ
־طͬ񣬡޷
ԼóҺ򣬵ȻõģҲֻǵ㵽Ϊֹһλ÷ܷͣ񱣻ԼҴ̫ңһ᲻˵ġ
־طôţԷˮвмƾһ˫ƣǾȡʤĿܡ
ȻǣδѡóֵıУֻӵϼһؿ֦ǰˡ
־طüӣʮڻңұȥãõ
֮⣬֣мܡ⵱Ȼд󣬿ɳôһʱǶ书ûУԼȳУذɡ
־طԤϵõĻ£ֻѶó֪ԼȻʶȤҲٰ̾Ͷ־طɱ²
īڵͫкȻЦ⣬֣˵ġ
ȻҾʳԡ־طںվԭأȴɰ񣬱ȭߣҲˡǳȥȱ³ˡ
һˡõʮУ֮䣬ĺӱֱֱԵȥ
ȫĶǸ֦ǰһ㡣
ˣѵǴеĵѨ˭˵Ӳ书ģ
ִǿüɫ裬˻жپϲ֪ģ
ȵȣԭѨѽԼǰʩôһ¶ǹװ֪ϲɣ
µˡ
СæҽԼү̧ȥĦɣȵǰڿԼô
أֺƲƲ죬Ҳ顣
ִȳۻҪ˷УַȴǲƺĲΪˣȻͻĵѨһشҲûа컹ǹ֣ҪӴ˹·ƣү֪ôɣ
ִüëֱ飬ⶼĶѧĻ뻰Һó̼ľǮ˹ӦѲġ
ɫݵؽɰȻһ̣ϵıȴô͡ԭŽʱȺ๫һɢһա
ֻŬЦλ㡭
¿ɲˣ׷׽квУûǮܷˣȻȥ˺˵
ִúȺϹôҪƿӴծһ̫Сܹﻹţ¼ݵ
˶ˣַȼæϥʩִΪ̫׸ֻƲţϥı⡣
Ȼ򣬳ǰʲôǺպյӣһʮͯȻͦôߣЩ
ִýܣ¡
Ҳ벻̻ʺɶμĻ䣬ѵ²ׯأ
ԱߵǰȴڿڵɲǱƹɩҸˡ
̫໳һ޴ᣬͷǰ׻ոµĹٶ
ǮĹ򣬹Գʹ˸ɫ⣬ǰִ
ִֵñӻԡ
˿Ų⣬ȻηȨƣȴǴŵӺвУǮ뽫Ӵߣ̫ˣ
ͦվǰ㣬ҴͷŶԣķҪ
ˣԭӵҲô̫˰ɡ
ţؼҵ˵¼٣ӲͷƤ۷ԭΪܼ˭֪ȴǹǸСܲͷ´ʧʺɰչԲٸŶԣΪʲô
ѲɣлڻĴ㣿
ҧ촽һķ·ҽظسʱ˿̣ôĽִĺøܵûʵʥּͻ飬صбԵķգͬڵߣʱܵ䣬¶˵ʩᡣ
ȻûȥǮ뿪˭֪ĿһתȴһϤӰ׽Ȼˡ
ڻӴͣδ֪Լֵ֮˾֪ԭΪ˵طصĿ˲̫Ŷԣ˭֪峿ӯţæµֻϲ
һλʱˣԴӳ֮㲻߶ˣñط꣬ãŶԷֵ㲻ԶôҴ㲻أ
ƽ˷ӣһ治֪оϲ£ָ㣬һߴ·أѽô£Ŀࡣ
̧ͷŷϵҶλΡլ֣˭뵽ĸˣоϡ
Զδ֪ףɶԺѵƷȻŲɵġ϶˭ʵܾ裬˭ֻö˶˵ھͷΣĽҰӡ
Ѵʧ߳ھ̣Ϊ˸УҲֻЦЦٶ˵
뵽̷רùͷϲΪмҪȥһƣһӰȻǰһ֦첼ɽΣ㣬Ϊϲ
û뵽׽óȻ֣ǿܾ֮ͣܲ⣬ֻ¶Էл
ҪӦ꣬׽ȴƴǰü㣬һΪǣɺүİģЩʱ㣬үʳ֪ζ˯ޣ˷ˡ֪Թ࣬ôڶ޵ķϣȥүɡ
ʲôΪԭ£
ǺԣŮĻϽ֣۶ԷǷ⣬ӵүѸ˷飬Źţ··úòãǷʳѰҲɡ
׽Ȱͷȴǰ׷˰ɣŶԣﶼûϣ˵ˡ
׽ɫǺ죬Ҫֱ磬ȴһڣޣ޽ӵĽ㣬ҲֵȥģԼһĺɧζزסʲô֪ү˯žѲҹҹޣ
ֱۣ㣬ߣˡ
׽᲻Ծشӿ¡ȰϻͷҲϣֹܹúãΪ˶Ŀأ
ڳԭʶŮӵݣ˷һۣʱ˽
Ұɣмˮ㣬ѹֳͤΪԡ
ʲôˮ㣬ǺĲ߻Ṵ˰ˣûһһ޵ģ˭˭ޣүʶʱЩǰͨеŮ潣ֻŴ޷һ˰ˡҪǴ޷ˣ罫˴ȥż
׽ҲͲãӸסӣҴתȥ
ԶԶվţָ׼վûҳΧѾЦѵҲҪȥ˳Цô
죬ס׽ݱһܣŲȴʼͣͲǰ
˿һУΪ׵ľȣҲΪǱԳΪҸһӣΪʲôɽ
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ļһ죬١
־طϢ˰ʱ˿ѾָΨؿڴʹӿ˲ò̫࣬ˡ
־ط÷ֹأʮ壬жܱԼã
ԷĽˡ
Ȼϻλְó͡
־طСȵϣһָʹضǼ澣Ҫúȹڣ򲻿ɽϣһҶմá
ڹ𣺡ģ̫ϸ˰ɣ
Ǯ֣ҲֻþԼıְִϻ֮󣬻ΪȹãС㡣
ִĵõ㣬ԼʮָմˮĴҹ㣬ÿֻ赯ʫС档
ۿξҪִ̣Ȼ𣬲óǳ˽ΣҪƿƣϲæסɲɡ
ҲûĿó۳Ӣˣִź˾͸һɴȴֻյ㡣
νġ
ƽǰ䶨ִͷɴؾòŸˣӦǳԶɣ
бһֻƣִȵס˵½Σ˵ߵߡ
վԸ̫ۡ
Ȼ⣬ݸһЦ¶ϸ׵ݡִȻڳȴ׷׾ñϹۡԭҲǻЦģΪɽɾأ
ɼֻûźʵˡ
գĽǶ޵ĵĿϲ
ʱִȴŵðѴǰ̵Ĺһɶ˶ǽӲģ첲ȶ಻ʹ˾ǿеĻƶˣ㲻ķӦ
ڳǣ־ûɿ£ִеһϵаõĲ衣
붴ˡ
ƽϣȻ޼һź϶֪үвźˣ˭֪᲻ٷֻԵһֶ͹ˣڶг֧ӵҲҶයǵóá
ִǾڰβϣųƸͷӳһǻֳǵζǡõõ廨ˮ
ĻкǿִʽԲҪӪһķΧ
ʵʵ˵ִͦϲġ
ʱϸ΢ĽŲŵϵľȾˣ
һ㡣ʱүԵøΪнƺֽŶ޴š
ִֻ룬ɡ
ѲҪѳƸͷҲ̫˰ɡ
ڳ㱾ܻеģĿɨһԵϲӣִὫǿ첼䡣
һüҺĽӳ
򶼿쿴ˣԳԵӣ
ִ˻б£˶άҲܳôġ
Ȼܳʩ
ֲЦˣִഹʩ񣬡лޡ
̫˵㣬˲ôˡǸúȽơԲִܹ֮ûʲôִҳǰϻר˼ϷܻͼϰԳƵϰ˾ˡȻ̸ֽ֡
ȻϾͷһ⣬ִǾֵô㣬Ů̫ǻԿġ
͵ųʲôʱ֡
Ȼƺ࣬һԴȻˣһ׼˱ġ
˵Ŵ쵥µİβϣɢǣЩ֮ࡪִǰԶģûó꣬ŵڡ
ҺЩɹ׹ڣ˿ŵľͲǻ㣬ùζˡ
֪Ϊ֮ףִϻǺЩѵҹҪЩ˯ȷ˯𣿻ǣҪ¾Ʋˡ
ҪʶԷʲôʱƣĿȻ̶ǱĴסִĺ촽
һҺ漴ӿ
ִǺס뽻ԭֺȷǳ̫Ż̫أ
Ȼ̫ģľҺִ޺촽£Сȴ᲻˷һ˿һŴһֱϸ岱ҪϵÿһƤⶼռ
ûᰡִʼˡʵһʼԲûб̫ϣϾͰ˲࣬𽥺תһڳԲɴӣղɣԸա
óҪļ۶꣬ڶͻữˮƵġ
ִоԼҧϸȮƵģѣԽ÷̲ס˰ѡ
ͨȥˣίϷӣ㲻Ҫҡ
ִ˫ۣĳΪֻ֮´ȥˣˣҲǴĵġ
û˵꣬±㱻˰һӣֱֱǰȥϲһĲ˹޵̺ѹҲۡ
ִԼΪ˵ùͼƻһЦŴӣҵġ
ִע⵽ԼżѰ֧ţִѳĿȸסˣʣٲȻһξߢģ
˵յǸŶ԰ɡִҪ˵˫ٶȱ˷סȴûоƣеֻĴȵϢ
ʶ䣬ִԾãˡ


52 .     ҪҪôɫ
·մů, Ӧ͵ĳү̷ȴԲ
̷ڣ֪Ӳãһ̲ǡ
Ǹȫ, ճзֶЦ
ϱҲÿ
ү, ̣ộ
ǼҼҷϣӳɻ֮ǰͨ, ѲȥһʺˣҲ̫Ϊˡ
үӼ򣬡ģ, ûʲôöǵġ
̷˵, ʱô᣿
ǵöҹɷϹƵģߴţó̷˺Ƥָɷ¡ǰЩ֪ʶȻ»ҹ˶, 춼û
һԵ۹۱Ǳǹĳǽ, ŬСڸУģЩʲôԭүϳɣȴûá
εͷʱһֻʥ, пչܶŮ˽£˵⵵ȴѧġ
ͷõ˼ֻ࣬˳һӡ
̷ηӻҿֳЦɡ
۽ǳ˳, ˵ǶˣүŲҪءһӻˮ³Կĵ
˭˵ѧүƽʱвٽ̵ģڿҵ伮ɵӰ
̷ȥ˰գǰ಻סɣҵùȥơ
үæţ𣬵źӡ
㰢ӳҲͣһǶӰүͬΪӣȻܹᡣ
ֻԸ´һˣְֵˣֵóּңʱ䵱ӡ̼ϱӻ˶ٸⱲӲ뵽Լ
Ǿȿѹ
һҡͷһڽŲմϲǰǵǽ£ͷѡ
ȻͷOO@@Ķͣ£Σү˵ıʲô£
µūһүٷҪҪõģ
ִһЦ⸮ﶼЩѵзˣȻͦ۵ġ
Ѿùˡ
ִ˵ѣѭųĿٿǰҵĲݮӡʱû㣬ֻñסͷװϢ
СɳƵĺһķʼ¡˵õĵƣѳԡ
Ҫ뿪Ȼʲôתүҹǽˮֻܻˣūʱء
ߵִӽ̽ͷ˿ɢȥ̬ЦӯӯýֺȥĽֺүмˮ
ȻȡЦŵķɿеϧϹ㲻ѹӵʵ
һҹߴС˵еģʵܡ
ɫ΢΢ŭŲһΣ
ִµģŰ
Ȼû˵꣬Ĵٶȱ˶סųζΪѾйδµ˵Ǻġ
ôģӦ˵Ѫܲ˴̼
ִеˣɣﾴء
Ȼʵȴļԭ൱䣬鶯ʱ¶ҲԵһЩִ϶ĦȻͬʱȴ·һѻ
̵̣ʶ
ҲֻüӦǣҪҪˮ
Ҫֳ붼εġ
ĬȻƬ̣ãޱ
˼˵̣һҲûϵ𣿹ȻǲƴֵĻƽִĲӣҲһ̲ˮɽҰȥ
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̷һҹû˯ֻ۾ǺģǣɼӶϱٳδǷϲ
̴үЦʲô
̷΢΢򴽣ɷǸľ񣬵Ȼϣ㱧ѽ򲢷ٶۣԸŮһأⶼ۵ˡ
̴ү˻øҾ衣
̷ƳһۣһȲֵʲôСڶұȺʮ۶ˡ
һǸʲôϡһȴòӣĪˣ̫̫
̷ϵЦⷽŵЩǸţȻ֪жѲƽʱñˣ۸ͷϣ룡
Լĸûжĸ飬Т£ĹΪ˴սս˿в̤
Ҫūȥ᷿ˣ˭֪ȴػүٷѾϴŴء
ƣԭ㶮¡үЦЯӵ֣ߣȥš
ִǹȲͣһˣҲöôܡ
Щ޾ɣ̵شѣһե˵ģǳǿĺ
ȻɻִΪӣʵʾһ¹У๫һˣ̫̫ǶһӦӡ
첻µزµģϷٰ裬ͲԼ
Ȼֻһ˵ûĴ㡪ӵĵֻµڶ츮͸ôʧˡ
ȻóľľǼ٣΢΢Цʵ㲻˵Ҳ㡣
ִ⣬Ȼָоշˡ
æžգ̫Ͳ˶ʩ֬ˣ񲻳˺ƨɣ
Ȼ۵׻ҪͿģΪףΪȷɫĵӱǶ˶ദɹˣһʱʱ𪣬Ƶġ
֪ǷĴЩ覴ÿŵʮۣҷɫҲ˺ܶ࣬Ȼڰ׳ɷ壬ܱ֮ǰưģöˡ
ѵΪӳȻиô⣿ִ˲ྱӣǺȷ󣬡๫ô
̤Ьǰỷķޣһֱ
컬ִ࣡Ȼﻹͦ˵ġûһŮ˲ϲ˳ò
ң⻰δʵС˵ﲻǳдʲôһҹȥŮɬֳŮ˵ķˡ֮ô
Ҳڵļˮƽ䶯ҲӰڵֵ
ִܿͶˣǴݵϴ£ͳһ𵽺Ժ衣
˿̳̼˶ٰ̫̫
ӦǼģΪ»̫ңִʮֽţûüϸֻ˸š
ЩĿ죬Ū졣
̫̫ţһ˼ҷ쳣ݣҲ൱խּ⣬֮ͦߣʹȥ˱ˣֱָ
űǼ̱źĸԡ
֮෴ֶŮ༴ֽĳ̶ϣԲһŶ۶۵ıңüëƺ޹뵽̷˸ȻЦУίʵеˡ
ҲǵһӭӵģִȼԼĶϱϲȻ绨һ˲ţˣôƫƫдɩȥҾûи
һվŮ΢΢رǶү̷ӷϡĸ˵Ļôȥ
̷ȥպһѧûдϷϣϻҲֻһŮڼеλߣѹпûնһ١
ִЩջԼޣ˵ǲܴģֻ΢΢ףЦӦɿɣĻΣ
˵ÿڸҲӻӦ֣ǹ󣬾̫աΪ˼˵ʵأ
ֶǺӦġһȭ޻ϣֻȹֳų̷˼üŪۣʾǸͷ࣬صСЩ
̷ò
ŮѷϹˮݺõĲҶִԵһյǰĸò衣
̫̫Ҳӹֻ˵ǴӴ޸ţ
ִһ٣Ĵǣĸסڴ޼ҡ
̫̫Ц޷ү룬ҵŮֻ֪ĸ֪丸˵޷ŵڣ֪鶮ڣ̵ô
΢΢üҪǰִʹ˸ɫʾԼܹӦ㳯̫̫Ǹ̫̫ϱӦΣ
̫̫ĮȻڼҴӸԵӶ֮
ִ΢Цĸ븸ͬʱз磬ϱָ˭
ʵĻ̫̫ҲȥˣǱеλߵĳִ벻ΪֲӵĿǷشϵģΣм̫̫ⷬꡣ
ֹȻû´ϵ˵ծɳƲͷڹꡣ
ȻֻǴɣִ˼ҵȴʣҪôóТΪֻ۱֣ŮҪǼָͬҲڲ̫̫Ŀ
ô˵ѡ
̫̫Ȼ˿ǣ࣬
뵱յ裬øִһѵ˭֪ۼֿ죬ȵؽӹĸٲȾˡ
̫̫ʱ֣ﻹǴˡ
һʱ䷴ͶٷֻýӹǱ裬Ե˿ڡ
̷˿˳龪亹
ٳʸʱһ裬ˮа׾ջƮƮɫ˴ѡ
ִֵ˫Ŀף̦أɼƢ֮׾ջܻܰ𣬻˱
벻µõĶϱ۲΢̷û˵æ̶ֺЦʲôˣýĸ˰ɡ
ִ֪ȤظĿڣ¶౴ĸס
ۿţһݼտضݹˣڴǰݹαҪ
ƫƫ˾Ͱһֵģô˵̼ҼҷСȳϡ˸ô˵Ķϱν绢ǺϷϡòء
ٿߵķϣһӶ򲻳ƨѹַҪԶԶض㵽飬һ궼ѵüһ档
޴ɩԼִ淴ɫֶϱȻţպͰԼһȱʲôֻܸҪһίģ
һ˵ţһ滹ʹĦִ󣬺޲ôһƤƵġ
ִôƤĽڣɵüͷһƼ첽ǰ㣬û󶼷ô
ϲȻŭˣôͬ˵
ԽԽСȳӲ˳ۣսת˵Ȣ˸зˣպǾλжô
֪ܲĵ룬Цϣѵ˳ţʽ̼֣Ҳںоøһְɡ
ظҲҪ̫̫ҷү£ЦС֪·Էθδ˼֡
ʲôѵܵһôϵԲۣû뵽λ󲮾Ȼ̡
ǳി֮ˣЩһﶼƵġ
ҧأ粵ϵ̫̫ȴƣˣɢ˰ɡ
ᣬ̫̫ɻı̼֮˵һبĲųҲ븮ȷ˲֮ŵԷżҺ٣ɱͷôҲȲ
ӾڿͷӮˣЩ̫̫ĻҲûʲô˼
պ޵صһۣѾ͸ȥ
ִץסᳯ϶˸ɩûü㾴裬ҵĲǡ
ֳȻȥˡ
ȴƺ˿Ļ񣬵л
лʲôлԽΧлѿִʧЦԼһˣﻹ˼ıأ
ԲҾǰǽظڳү̷󣬳̷˻ͷһۣƺ˵ʲôվǻһ̾
طִ֮ʵǳ̼һֱô
̾Ϣǰûԣ֮Ͳһˡ
ȻģͲƲ磬ܳǰģѽλͼҲΪ֮ǵֶתô彡ʺֶϱղŹءִԿ䣬Ů࣬ȴٵúء
˼ţȴѷ䵹ѰҩϸϸͿĨϡ
ִЦľˣûѪ
𶯣üһС˶ܣұ˭ۡ
ִ鵽Ȼ
˼طܣû£ǰݣⷳѵ¶ء
ȻɳǷݼ䣬ܸͬܡ
˵Լķʰ˵ûôϸ壬ıŷһͻˣܲҲǸŰɡ
ִɵؿһȦۣѵŮʮ˱䣿Ƥϼ붼ܱ
Ǳ߻ִٶ룬߸˵ܹȥΪҪˡ
ķʳһǵģ͵ִ뵽Ǳ߾Тģγ̷ִⲻҪأ˵ֻҪ㰢ͺáǸ簮ӵĸװ
ȻȴǸѵĸִᷳЩأȻȴ֮
ϯ䣬סظвˣҴʳҲǸա
ִνĿϾӣȻԤϵͻ쳣ʢҲ̫˰ɣʲôհϺӦоУʳ͸ɫ֣˵ķܸ
ִӰǵȻͤҲУȴĳӺգס֭ͬʱƤý磬һȥ
̫ˣִҸعӣٿĳȴֻǺЦһ㲻𣿡
ӣȻע⵽ִսһָ֭Ĩȥ
ִΪҪˮ辻֣˭֪ȴû˰شյߣһ˱ˡ
ִҪҪôɫ
Ȼоͳÿһ춼Ǽ尾ձʱƽˣ䣬ִɫ΢΢仯
ӭų̽Ŀ⣬¿òˮˡ
ŶûƽغŰࡣ
ִϣ


53 .     ˾װѳֲס
Ƶûкβ, ϰԼСѵԻ·¹үҲضáǷء
ȻҲ⣬С, ﰵʹ˶ٰӣ, ˮˡ
ϧû
ƾĵʱô·ֵüʱԽ, ͻظУЩҩҲˡ
ִ˸, ᡪҸܼҲ಻, ΪҪȥμ̫ү磿֪ɽлƫɽС
ƻڵŻػִȴʵû˼ȥڵãð׽һɽ, ȥŮ, ҲӦ
ҪҪȥȻҪĲػֺαضһ٣
ƴӦȥ򷽲̾ܳɻΪʲôȥأ
ܴٳһ׮Եˣá
ִ, ˣܳɻѱ˫ȡ
򣺡Сȥ
ִ
ܳɻôǣҲᵽˡ
صʵڳ⣬ܳɻŻľ֣ǽƾͼô˵, Ĺϵڳתܱǰֵľöˡ
ִ̾Ҫһ׮ϲˡ
޸˭ֻôһԼǰյֵԭⲻͳȥƸΪ𻹵÷᲻õġ
ֻҧſӳ񣬱ؼ˼ҿûôףӱԸãᱻŮ˽ҪЮֶξֻӶ񡣡
˶ϲŮذԼȴϣǧټƼ޸Լֻᱶѹ
ִƳ˽ˡ
һһ׵ģǾ̸֮
򣺡ѵӦ˽Ůˣ
ɡ
ִ
ǱϻˣѵϹԵĻᣬִԾԾԣҪҪһģ
ʲôü΢̧
ִ룬Ͷܷ޸ӡ
ȷɵģϾԭдȾ˵ķַֺϺϰ޽֯ɼڹбȻһϯ֮ءôҲǸټС㣬Ȼӣʪ֣ܵѵȢֻȥϵˡ
¶ζãľͶģעΣ
ǾΪޡִվǸСȻӵıǮǶǴϵѪôʹã
֮䣬㵽Ϊֹɡ
΢΢ü̫û˼ˣҪľͶĸġĿѲһ飬˭ˣ˭ƾԷãһΪڣΣ
ִȻ֪Խ࣬Ϊӵϵӽǵ˵νȲʤȯȻӦսãɱڡ
΢΢һЦΪġ
ʵ䡪˭ƾ˭ãԶһͲִЩ»ء
ִŶԷеףĪǾ䡰ҪΪǽϧҡ
ûʷ룬ȴ򿡰׵ĴԼµȴʵ
̫ˡ
ִŬעеʳϣǼӣ˿ڣڸøʲô
һߺȲһ˵ģʶǸʲ֣øɡ𣿡
ִ漴ӦϷ죬æյ˿ڣå
򣺡˵ʲôͳåˣ
ִʶԼ߼æιȥŹи԰ӣҹȥɡ
ȻδҪĿڣִԷԾػ
ǡ
ЯִһΧƵĹţԺǿĿյСʵִԸĲʮϤԺҲȥǶ죬ľ裬дУһ֮ࡣ
ԴʶŮ֮ȷʵһľҲǰްˡ
רעӲȴִؼһߣ
æڳ
ѭȥЦ⽫ǳ״ߣ
ϹүǸˣ԰ӵʱȻҰȤ޼Ȼչбֻ˸԰ԴǰЩʱסЩ֦Ѿô
ˣɴ֦ϣϡ˻ߡ
ִ˸׾ˡ
Ц㲻һ첻µزôôӾϸˣ
ԼǸʲô󰡡ִ˲¹ΪЩǿԤзӦԣ䲻ҧһڡ˵ϾǸŮӣ¶߳Ӧõġ
ִ򷽲ʧӣҲûˣ΢΢ף㳯ǰȥ
Сͣ治ǴȡЦġ
ŶڻƼ㳯̷еҲ̫ˣŸȢŵϱæֺãƱǬٲŮӲˣ
̷òãҲҼе£Ҫʲôģ
Ŷ˳˸Ÿ٣̫˽⵱ŵˣ˵ǧãɵʽţֻʣºۡϱֻüְˡ
ŶЦƶǱҵĸסˣ㣬պίɱҿߣҰﲻ㡣
̷˷͸ɿĸԣ룬ȴǱһЦҵԸϱǿӲЩҵǸΨΨŵŵɶܲסɴͷ߻ء
˵գʩʩȻԶȥ
Ŷ˺˵ɣǸᣬ˭֪ܻꣿͱ֤óӣ
ƣ˭Ц
̷һŶ˵ױŻڷٰ̫̫ͨҩ
̫̫γ֪ļȣҲ
Ϊһ檵ļҹ棬ʧۣ֮ϹүԼ飬ӽУɵ׻ǰŮһ磬Ůµӡ
ǧాŮˣԼΪܿྡ˭֪ϹүϴӦúúõģתͷóϮóĶӳӡ
ƾʲôƾʲô˴뱲ӣѵ͸Ϊô

Ŷ˼ĸɫ֪ԹæЦҲδغް취үźͳ죬˷ϲ¾ˬδܹ־ãִǸӲƤ仧Ÿճ׾ֳìܣʱգҪõ
򽫺԰һĻ˵˼
̫̫ƽЩãҵʲô˼ңΪźףǴھûˣɨسţ׼ܲЦ
ŶЦԽŮҲϲ̨棬ŸԲæЮɷҿ󷿷ֵüɹɣ
ͺһӣĴΣ
*
Ϊܵ»عںá
ִõ̫ЩȥԺ߶Ŷ˫۾ˮƵ޿ײ룬һ˿һϴִʵڷ
סеĵŸˣҸһɡ
ðִŲŲȥ
֮ǰҲΪĦΣͶұӦõġһβһܣҲ
ûԹҲܣΰĦȻЧָ֮㰴ĴǴ͸˵Ƶģ
ֱִߺߣԴȥ㣬Сǵܡ
ôĵش˴
š棬˵
һ嵥ŸôЩϾүţͷĶ
ģŸչ͡˾װѳֲס
ҡҡͷε߿ˡ


54 .     ִǻ׷棬κ¶
ִѹ֪λʵϹܼʲô, Ҫ֪һԩôѪҲҹҹϸģοû, ȻϢ־
Ȼȷô˼ִǼֹɲ붥һͷ޷ȥ̽ס
˶˸, ΪסĵطԶһһؾ͵ð칤򣬵鲻á
̷ѱ, Ӽ׼ҵöЦ˵򲻿Ǹģʧ
ִǰıܷḻѽ, ĪǰǸӣôһ룬ĸĸѡ
̷ڷο, ϽЩԡԼ۹⣬ִŮӿƴֲͷԣ, ĵ, ˭ϸ¡
Ȼѡֶһգִᱻ, Ըĸر
Ͳˣ˼ɡִԸϳȴ̽һѣģˤš
̲ס²۵үء
, ȴװΡΡ֮ģԶٷ
ЦĲΪ裬ֻڿµʱĿٿȻ䡣
£ٲˡ
ֻݹٷŻյư
ѾԶθ̶û˹ˡ
Ž˻ʽƤ̵Ĳ£ΪӭŮȻ׼ִҸͺúдһˣŮ۾Щаۣ׼Ҫճ̵Сӳͷ
³ʱ򣬴ִϵױãû֬ˮڸǺ׵ĺۼҲûаϣһҲܹ۸
ִĪСˣʲô
ɿ˿ȣûʲôԽԽˮˣС˸ء
ִ᲻ͷĹϣС˿ӲһͷӵţֽŮй۲죬ȻҪڳ̼Ƿ⣬Ż
ȻʧˡⲢǶҹңǱԤС黫أȻִ¹ЩݮӡǰغЩεĵطܿ˲ֱ۵Բλɼһħһɡ
϶ŮûʲôģﹴĶǣǳԵɣڷվš
־طƵııһݿ÷򣬡ӣܷ̽׵Ѩұ֤⴫
ЦЦ¶ϸײõ԰ֻҪ㲻鷳ͺá
ִ˵ζ൱鷳ˡжද֢Ĵͯ͵ס
ϲΪ⣬ްҵҲãʡš
ִץ˰ѹţ¾ҪؾӪ˰ɣӹ졣
̾Ҳ޷ԾȥܳЩʶ
ִ֪ڹڻµǵǰ̣Ȱˣûʲôϵģܲ᲻ԼĶӣҪʱܻһѣ˾飬ˡ
ĬȻƬ̣˵룬ջǸûغ
Ǹֹ۶塱˵ģУܻǺѪطҪڳ̼㣬ͲܶףΪǽĶŮ
ִԣĬĬ׽һѹʣ·ҪƤǵĳȥ
̾Ϊ㸸ҲΪ̫̫һ
ʱ̫̫רͼޡΣû
ִ¶ģã͹ȥ
˴ӣҺһ𡣡
ִ䲻Ӧ뵽ǸﻹһŹֵϳҲá̲滾͵øֱΡ
Ƭ̣ͤȥȻͱõģּһݣǰ̫̫١϶ûȥˡ
һ·ִˮǼ£ȹ⣬Ӿ͸ȥײŶԣټһȴûֶѵ治Ȣˣ
ǳŮӸĺȴƲ磬ǲưոݵģòԼȥ˵װɣ
ִ붼ͷƤ飬һ㶼ӵ£ݹϵƺǹܲɡ
ʻǰһ܀ɵŮ㣬ȵˡ
Ӧĳ򣬡˭㣿
ҡһ漴ſڣн
ûڱ㱻ضϣҿɵӲǺˣҲʲǧС㣬Ǻ·ÿȥɡ
ֻΪ߰Ŀ³˭֪Ҳһף˭ʲ˭ⲻŷô
γִ³ֻվһߣѰ϶㣬л˵
ӵļŭ죡ûҷӲô㻹߶ΪԼʥּɣ

ʲôû˵أƾʲôеģѵˣ
ִۿԼųԵҵȵȣǼ̫̫˵
ֻò鲻Ըغš
㾶ֱãϲֹȥ˹ð칫ԼҲ벻ŮŮ
ִմǿ̫̫ӣԭɣǹ°ݵŮݼĸԸĸ綫ٱɽ
̫̫ᣬת˲æȥɼǲжģ˿ȴɵʱ֪ѣҲֻ߳ܵѾͷ֪˲ί֮£ҲֻܾһȺˡ
䲻֪ˮ⻹ΪĿ±մӣ¾ͷǽɣ򣬸ŮӵĻ¶ܵӰ졪ģôɴںأ
ٰ軹ˣִΨ̾ϢĲӭȢô
̫̫ЦҪǿϣһ仰˵ѾͷдҲһⲻţ뻹Ѿͷδ㲻˼Ұɡ
֪ǴӱŻ¹һ裬½ܵһѡΪ֮ƣҲֻʺˡ
ƾִ̻ʺĹϵ黹ǿԵģڳɲɹ¡
Ȼֶ֮ͣΪأȻִǻ׷棬κ¶ġ
Ʃ磬µЩӣǲǿԻأ


55 .     ƹøǣĻҵʵġ
ִԽԽǸ, Ǽӣ֪ǼõĵضΣûй˵ľӪ, ÿµˮһʡǲɣתȥ, ͬơ
õļƻ
ִ̫̫ٿ޵涵б˼, á
һʼǼٿԲͬ飬뵽Լ䣬뵽󰵵޹, ɵøγϣҲ䡣
, ִĺ˹㣡
ִʱ㿪, ·Ͼ͵մһ, ӹȥһ°ɣǱģ
ԭһֱ޵úڹǰ滨, ش¶οִᡪòע̬
ôλ㣬˿õʱǾŵ̬ǰ׮, ĸѺ˵ˣ
ִЦЦ˵ˣΣ
΢΢ãȻԼˣⱾǹغĴ¡ѾãŮƾʲôܹ⣿
ΪִԼ˭֪ίȫˣĸæ˵һĺûִȻΪһ˵ĳӲ
ִۿһķ߷߲ƽϷˣĴ㣬ֱ˵Ǹ̬ɣ˵ǰͷҿ԰ȥʺ󣬵ܸʲô
ȻĿαװסᣬҪӣҶ㡣
ִΪ
ƺ̼ҿ۽֮θҲˡҧ´ױ׺챦ʯͷ棬ǰǺô³֮Ҳġ
ִЦҡͷݣƯкãǱ˷ˡ
м֪֮ţһִüۣܾе˵ı仯˻չˣȥȻȳ˲٣ѵΪղԾԵʣ
ڲɣִ𣬡Ҳ̰࣬µӷּҼɡ
ΣڶðĲҵʲôҪ˺ᵶȥ֪ΪĿռȪûˣ»δؿҪû㱾Ǯ·һ
дĿҵ֡߷ߵ
ִֻ΢Цţĸڣ˽ƣӦ֪ǴɷģҲٸȥ淢㣬ѾͨˣѵСһ۶Ը
˵㵱ȻᣬҪϹٸԼҲֲźãֻż˱ˡִĲʧΪһԵİ취
ֻ仰ҪһҲ̫Щ֪Ϊ˰ø
ִȴ赭дҪһڴĿ⡣
Ī⣬˲Ϣ֮䣬ٶ£㣬֪ҺԲǣǶǹȥˣұ֤һʹǰǣȫľƴ㣬Т˳޷ˣΥġ
ģϾѾ룬ִҲѾˣ߶вĵλڲ£Ǻ⵱Ůӵġ
ƶִҲãһʵĶƣǹ룬ˮܡ˲Ʋܴ
ûӣˡΪִ䣬С׷ϳŲһ֮ѣͭԲ֪
ȻջȴҲֻţִ˽ѿҪҪӦʽأ
*
һֱſڣִղסϵı顣
򲻵òֳţǰȥ㣬ɲڰϲء
ִòϣԼǸֻˣǵ㲵ʱ򡪡ƺͷҲǴѴѵĵȥϡˡ
ʹ졣
Ӧ˵ۣǲʱδִѳֻµĸ첲ŲҸˣҺΣ
Ϊ죬˭֪ȴЦЦΣֻҪϲ㡣
ִ
ȿȣæÿ˵ЩĻܾɤJûšɲǺѽ
׻ִЩĶѧģ
λүǸ龭൱ѷˣǰŶٳȻ̸
򵭵ʦͨ
ִš
ŰɣһŪģϵЩܡ»ҹȴȽĲֱͷƤ顣
ִʢأȥñһλ˵ĻΪʲôҪɽΪɽ
ͷݸãҵ˽⡣
ִоֱõˣɻ֮ǰֻöԷǸƢŹֵĴкóҲͦյġȻ˿-ĶһֻִǾֱ
в֮ʹ˼ա
ֹû뵽ѾõŮʱ׵ϵЦƣӶ˻һЩ˼һִǡʱ԰︮ɹѹء
ҪʱյĿִȴö˵Ҷ֪ˡ
ֹЩڨڨ֪ӾˮֲףòŶã׮±㽫½֪
澣մΪ֪ʶ˭뾹֪ˣɱֹ޺޵ɼҲмǹ⡣
һŮҪ޸Ľӣһǧְ취ʲôҪģӻϵԵı׾ӷǳҪǻһʸʼҵ˼ֹͽ͵ȥˡ
Ȼִϳ棬±һתǻʺֶϱһ򽻺ãƺҲŴī
ôһĿ˶ֹֻϧԼû緢ĺôȻҲ٣ִĸף߸ǰǻ⻹ĸѪԵնϵġ
ֹŨŨضѳһЦΪ֮ƣȥʺǰ飬ô¹ȥһҽ̧ͷˡ
ִе˵ˣֻҪȻԸæϣҲûӡ
ֹҪͬǼ澲ʶôȴضסȵȣһҲȷʵ̫˵㡣
Ȱȴѳ磬£ϳһĮȻ⣬үˣͰ͹ɣӺҶٵġ
СӣֹøۣҪǰ䣬ȴꤴǰʻ쳾һĻҡ
ֹصŮˡƹøǣĻҵʵģ


56 .  ˵   ˭˵ģ仰
, ִ΢΢Ŀ
ţȴս֣ѹ
, ̸֮ƺӲֻһᡣ
ִ΢Ц, Ҳѹ
һʼûָֹҵãΣ, ĻԼ
ӲϣȻҲʧ, ţֹĵһ治˼, ץסݣϲԽ鷳ⶼ֮顣
Ⱳӣаĸ, лֳ, и֪޻̸ķԸӡ
ȻǶıȴŲߣô϶ǻӦҪ󣿡
ǸŮСú, Ϊһ׮δܳɹ͸Ѫδֵ̫á
ִЦȻᡣ
ʲֹͬһеĶͽֹΪ;ϧɫջĴ, Բģ檼ҷԴͬŶľ۹ӡȻǷˡ
ᣬЩر׬ЩСǮã䵱ʱӶᴢΰҰģעҴ󴬡
ȽһССӼֱֵһᡣ
ִͷʱ˵Ϊĵ̣ͷ¶ԲʣȫȨˣҲġٲóæȰȰλ˼ˡ
ôţĿڳ˺üȦ
̾ˣ΢΢࣬ôھҪ컹ûء
ִåҪɣ
һԲ˵ɵ˴գִδԸȵĺϢ෴ȴһ̫Ϣ׽ŲȥǰѾ˿ʱˡ
ִϵǡ磬λεĻ̫׽ȴ·ѩƵģҰ˪һ򲻺ãľɹ
ִͬˣɰ׽̬ǹȻ°
ֻǰȰѰ׽˵
׽ִⲻϣƾϥʯĥۣҲֻҧ̲ԭͳ𡣡
˵ȻԾɽϿŮˡô룬ٴ˿̵ľٶԱĳ⡣
Ǹģ¶׮¹ڻʱ޲ýɱ֮죬ȻദʱԼʣ׽ҲǸŮˣǴȻע޷໥ġ
ϳɵ㡭ɡ
׽½̣ȴЪЪ趼һڣֻǹִҡͷӦһ
ִ㶮ˣΪǼ£׽Ҳôĸϧ˼ΪᣬЩ裬˾ͻñҪЮô
ִϺ޶ݣͼŰɡ
˵գԹԵغʹϽȥΪ֡
׽ɫЩ˵ӲˣˣΪΪΪȫǵЦֻˡ
¸Ҳϧ
ϳִʱ¸㣬һĲģ
ִ֪Ǽ£ǲҲϣȥһʺ
ϹȻƣȴǷǲ֮ˣҡͷ֪Ŀ£ǲֵġ
οѲǺˣ׽˵ٺҲֻôϹǰԹնѡ
ֻǣۼſڳ£²ðѽϷ̾
־طŭսȭͷͽߣ
ִæסȥûʲôһң˵ˡ
׽νҲ޷ᣬ־طʹñֻ°׽͸˳һĳżʵġ
οܰͬ߶ʵ࣬ʱĸŮӵ˱ˡ
ܲסȻߡִ˵ʵҲûס
ŮӱΪĸգ˭֪׽ΪŮʲôǹҹֻҲϡ棬ʱϵñָżˡ
ִҧŵԷգͷһϲĺȻ
ϤĴɤšִȥȻϲƽźšûһ˼
ϲƽûӦ꣬˵Ű׽ĸ첲һյôãҲ˵Һң
׽رϣĶǾ岻ô죬Ѿףôɷͣ½ôңֹǲնҵĹϵ
һŮӣ֮˰죬Ȼ󺺵ֻ˵ϲƽôҵģ
ӭִڽĿ⣬׽ôģúݣö
*
ִʵҲأȷʵѰ׽ߣ벻ķӡǶ˻öĥ
ϵĵȻִ򣺡ɵģ
һͷȵ¡ֵ죬ִ˸ĵģʲôź¶޸һ㣬һΪ˱һҲǱóλ󹦳
еɻһδ֪ѵ칦ܣ
ŵ˿⣬Уһ׽һ˵װᣬóôЧҿλ׷Ҳ⡣
ϲƽΪʧٵѰ˵ȥ̽ףȥ¶ûأ˷ţȻûϸ˵ֻԼԼ֪ôһط͹ˡʣµģϲƽȻ̽
ΪЩ֥ùӵ£ֻ·޶Ѿ˰ɣ׽ź˿ĸӶ͵ġأ׽û˼޼á
ִóϷŴ£żһˡִԶܺΪС
ȴ벻㲻Ӯľˣ
밡СԲĶЦҸˡ
ִĵ̻ͬըͷײãȴǿţˣҿɲ㡣
޷ǹƽ˵֮ʵؼ˾䣬ʵҸϣӮҾͿ㴦ˡ
ִ˫Ⱦʵӣ˼ȴ뵽桪ǶM뻹еСء
ɫһΪ
ػؽļƻƲòǰִͶ
ʱִ÷ɻ֭Ⱦָףʮ޵и켫ˣ𣿿ɱ𷴻ڡ
ΪϲƽͻȻã⵽㣬Ҳֻǿ򶨣Ҳ˵
˵գ̴ӽЯĵ̯ʹȡһţΪִ֪֡ˣþЩõĵضΣֱ⣬ļӵ󶼹Ѱ˼ҳ԰뱲ӵˡ
ƫƫִȴһ²ؼ߸߹̬ȣǵ˱˻ԣ
ǻߺҪʣȴ˵ȵȣ
㻹ôʵͣ޲˲źá
ִʺָ˵Щ飬ЦӯӯãһôôҲӣҵݺµķɡ
ѪˣֻҪʺ˵һ仰ͺã
ôߵģ̸õ⣬ôƫֱԣ
˭˵ģ仰ִˣҼʺ֮ǰø˵һʺأ

ںһͷײġ


57 .     
ȻպִûʨӴ󿪿, Լ˿Ͷ·ֻܹԹԱס
ҧֳһŵǰĵһͼȥһҡ
ǰһ, ε˵
Ȼ˴Ӳʳԡִ΢Ц, һҲƴǾͽЩ¡
Уһִ̣׽ӽ֡ͷ, ִ̻ˣﻹҵõģⱾ⣬ٲýЩšһ, ԼὫЩҵҪ
ִλɫ뿪γ֪ԷЩʲô, ˮڣȻڽ, ȻʹӡҿԿ˭ɡ
δҹζ, Ǳ߲ϴߴ٣ִʵʵǼθڣеӡ
ԭΪʺδпռ˭֪հݹȥ, 㴫ʺ͡
ִǰƷױͳ򽻴һ󣬱ȥ
̻ʺڽ̶д֣һЦԭ㻹ǵùΪ˱أ
ִȻֵ֮, ʵڳϾĪҪ֡
Ųǣһ˫Բ۵ɩæŸȥˣûռǡ
ִСܶŶ
̻ʺȻô룬ȴ߳ġȥݵúԣ
԰غһתͷд֣һ˫΢Ķȴ߸𣬲Źκһԡ
Ǿ̩۵ӡ
סִҲù˼ˣǰ˵һ顣
̻ʺţֻǴӵ˹Ϊĸ಻ֻ֣̾Ǻľˣɵ˼Ůӵ֪¸ϵɲŲأ
ִһЦдȣǲܼȥҲЩȴﻢ¡ˡ
̻ʺĬȻܶŮ֮£Ҳֻñһˡ
ִæΪѣֻû⻰Ҳʹá
̻ʺЦ㵱ΪҲҲıЩˡ
ִȻʣҲԣ¹Ը˭οǸ޵Ļʺ󡪡ֻ»ʺĽ飬¹ǽⷢӣԽҪʺŸɡ
οʵ۰˲£¹أ
ִͨϣССΪĬһ󡪡ⲽ߲ˣҲҵģԼòŵϵ
̻ʺҲôһŮֻǳͤϾִңʺȴ棬Űæ˵仰ɲɾ͵ÿˡ
ĵĻֶߵ£ദô
ִ΢΢죬Ҳ˰˶ȣͦõġ
ʲôʳŮ֮ɣⶼ£±ȡЦ㲻ɣ̻ʺԳһ˿Ҳѵüִ̬򵽵ǸбµģΪӣ˭֪ŮӾȻҲһ֡
˲òࡣ
Էֽʣƨƨߵɩ˶ϱζΣĸûΪ㣿
̻ʺ󣺡֪ǰͲôȥ԰ϷСӶװЩʲô
ִǲǰС鷳أŻһϧûȥȻҲܵŲͷ
ԹȻϵһ̴ӽͷ²ŵѹǮȡƣұɶأ
δ䣬Ϳĸ΢΢³ɫСܲͷˣԹܵǰ֡
ȻӹŵѹǮǶԸܺӵķ
̻ʺȻûǵ强һţѴĿģ㳯ִЦҪҪ÷
ִȻܻʳμлиˮСϹҪǲţֻµöӡ
ִֻ˵£
̻ʺᣬȥɣȼˡ
ִзӡ
*
ȥԺ󣬳Ȼоִû˼Լһֱ˵ʺ̫ˣһۿ»
ֺ޳ܵĵȻΪ飬˵ɣִȥôҲ벻ǹүͳ̷һЦһ˷Գ֣ΪΨţĹŹأ
ǻ˰ɡ
֪ǲϢִҲüֻٵȵȡ˼ҳ̻ʺܲܽӦʹŰ죬ֲǵϵġô޼ޣҲм֪޲ȥˡ
ΩΩФתⷬѪͷ޲ýʣǼŵһ˺÷顪ȻЩĲҵִûκʧ
ƣһ죬ýֻ
˵̻ʺȥһ»Ȼϣ¹Цտɵʺȥɫܵγˮļ澣ΪʺвôƫԸ
گ
˵ǹּϲüңִصе㱾£Ȱ˻ʺ¹űҲýӡŵΣĵ׶λ˽Թ΢Щ
⴩һ֯ȹ޲õõͻźã˭֪¹⸱磬ȻŭȻǸѹֽҶԵߵ
⻰ԣæݣüŮȷʵĽ·ǣȴ޷Ƿ֮
ֻչʪܵӺ߱¶Ӷȥ˴ӣܼ޸˭
ĸö
¹Цǻܼôδ䣬ɲŮòá
һ㼱ˣܳɻԶ˫ȣַ˻üֵ˵ܳɻԺδرȺִǳҪǽܸţһƤŹأ
ɿ¹гŪĶ⣬֪Ů˽ǽͨģֻһĬĬ˵⣬ֱŴ¡ϣ˾ջس
¹ЦһطС˸Ըȥˡ
*
ִڽ̵ġĲղᣬдֵ֣ܲҪ̫츳ܾɡ
̻ʺǰֻŮ˼ڳ䣬û뵽ȴ˭Ȼ续ȥм˵ķˡ
֪̾˼ĸȢλӡ
ִƤػӦŮҲôΪϧϥµ»̫С곤꣬иıδүˡ
ĵδˣҳһȢ
̻ʺŵһڲˮЩ治֪˵Ǻá
ִΪԼĻǵ⣬ȻеһĵѹʶȥȻվ
ĺͰһϲ͵
ִεؿôˣ
ûӦֻޱ鶢ڷܱʼĹԡ
СܲͷëȻҡҡ׹ǲҶսһӳȥݡ
᷽Żʺʩ񣬡ֶͷܲĿ꣬ӻؼңĸ׼
⺢ӣһ˸ǰнˡ̻ʺΰ֣ȥɣȥɣɲɷ羰Ķˡ
ٶʩһ񣬷ǣֳִš
ִӵؿ㶼ˣ
ͷ
ִæֱ磬ģɱ档
Ȼ֪һСۣҲڸʮĺӽϾɣ붼÷˼
Ƴһۣû棬أѵҲ֮ԣ
ִǵǿķǵˡ
ſڽ࣬ŭԷϲ㣬أҲϲǲǣ
ִ׵ǿ߼ϲϲôһû/ͯ񱣬ԶҲԽ㣬Ķʲô𰮺ޣ
ɸ򽲵Ȼǽͨģִɣ࿴ԼۣҪǹڳû׼ó
ִֻõԺٸ˰ɣ
ףܺãÿֻҪҾ͹ˡ
ִٺãֻ˵Ҳ׵ɡôɫɲͣϾܵԣִ붼û
ڹԵòˣպܲɹٵĲģϵܸ÷İɣﶼЩ˵Ϲ£̸˵ء
˲ͥȻϸ꣬𽥼Ӵļ
ִһ⣬ŵ㣬ͼȡһѿֽɡſպ˲硣
ԭġ
ִΪԼĲαʾǸԲһΪרء
ǰ˵ɡ˳ˣ궼á
ִ
Ȼ׳Ϊˣ׵ŮɣԼԾĲںӡ
簡
԰ִʶ¹ĹȻײһϤӰ
ֱͦͦعУƾδ͸ʪϻˮƺЩ֢һС촽㷢Ҳס֪˿źεȼ尾
¹Ȼϧһ˲ǰʯĳѧĹ󲽹ƳһĻɫ䣬ǰϣַ
¸źüɾ룬ִҲͷִָĸײ̣һŮӣ¹Ǻ޵ҧгݣǲͬ׮£ԼҪǰʲôɣ
ڴڷ籩Ȼǡʱ˹ȥҴұһؽ̫ҽ¹ֻһԸɿš澣Ǽˡ
ִⳡϷŤͷҾ˵ɣһܳɹġ
˵Ĺ켣ݸģˣΪһССĲ۾ʹʧԵִԴ˲⣬Ҳûʲôʧġһãʡû𴦺˼ҶŮ
ףǣˣôã
ִͷ˼Ƭ̣Ǿͷ³ΪһŰɡ
򣺡⣿⣿ڴи̼ء
ִףΪһ𾪣ٷôôô룬òƻûŪʳԼԶҳСҲû˱ѧ
ѵ̫ˣ
*
ӱ޹ϢֶߡȻֻͣһСѾʵ˵ĹϵҲЩĽѾõĹǵķġΪС֮󣬴»᲻Ҫأ˭֪ȴơ
ҲǸˡ
ɫ԰ڷУīΪתͷĶеζȴʵӣ¹˿ڣǳ֤꣬˹⣬ȴֻ檵λӭ븮뺵Ĳã
úޣòײȡģĸʧͣϲؿڳӡ檾檰ɣ»ǰ϶ֳܱ谮˥ȹΣҲǸٶЩŮˣʺ֮λͬΪ֮ʤδ֮ǰ
ҺãزһĦнƿĵЩʵ֮УգһֱͷƿȻ£µȪˮ
ɼȫڻӭ緭̵Ļᡣ
ûΣΣ˴ߵģһԭԭ˵
һ񣬺ȻԼûִ´ϲûīȡֽʣһ⣬ִȱˮơ
˵òŴϯԼþһ۵Ȼ޷ġüһλ磬ʡǷ˭
ִӦͬһţܴ廪ͨƪȴֻһ˼ˣˡ
ȻҲԤף»Сȹ̵λһŮˣûӰӸöడ
ЩƹеĴʾ䣬ȴ䶼Ǽõ˺ɷ飬ʣϷӡ׽Ĵʺͷ¶棬еĸͼ޵ȻõģǺģôףס档
Ŵϻ᲻顣
ȻϵĻػִһޣֻ䵭ף죬;Ͳˡǵˣ־طסˣ˵ⷱæ˾һ˷ֲ
Щ׵ˣȴһΨֱ֮ôҲ벻ԼôˣΪǴϵŮǲܾҲں˼ңˣʲô취
׻һС̧ػǴӽŽȥûűģҲûͰھƣֹҲ¶ˣɺȥʡóͬЦ
ںִ˵ģؾ֮ǰ׽ǼֻΡҸ㣬ǰκιϸ𣬼֮ԾɹԭɣҲи롣
ϧʶǼӣȻ᲻ִ⣬ֻСҪζЩ޹ģޱȻ
ת͸ػʹӡ
*
峿˸磬ƹƹڳæ
źǷƣͼԼСүȭ°䣬ģսɱлʮȻҪԸĿ겻Ͱһ㡣
ôˣѵԸΣ
æѣʹΣôү
գۣЫЫǰү㣬αԶ֣Ըһá
ϴľŽǻͷ̶ڰϣֱֲ˵ңҪԡ
һ飬ģٷ˺ö˶˵ôѲˣ˵̵ĹЧ
ԲԣӵӰûأľô̡
ӦĳְʾɣƩˮ֮ʵڿȥˣүǲɵⶼ𣿡
򣺡


58 .  ƺ   Ը⣬ͰҵŮ
үɱڵĿ, ²ʶԼ˵ˣָӵĵ
ԣ˵ķʽֱ̫, Ҳȥġ
ǻַʽתѵү, ٷԵĴŲ㣬㡣
򣺡ⶼʲôʲô
ԽԽ֣, ֻ⽫ͷ룬ЩнƣӲˬ, Щˬθġ
ֲիֻóㆪ
º, ԭٷˣѹүƾĳգĶô
ȻλүһƬ, Ϊٷ, »ŵүҸְɣһ˵ʱٷֻͶˡ
룬ȻԸķ, ɶעﲢûй涨Ұ֣ô룬ҲΥɣ
ĬµС
ʱִȵһζ൱ǴӽϾ¥ġ
գִʾɡ
ǰͷ, ڹжڿŻָʱͣʱˮʱƲȥĭȵȣȻ׵ĻԼ
ִ
Ȼ࣬Ҫչ˳ӣֵԼȵһ벻ôѺȵ˼ҵ»Ǽѡ
ִöõ㣬͹ֲ׵ġ
Ҳܹ㣬˵ˮӲˬŹʧġ
ִ
Ȼ֪Ϊʧ˵ʱעӵĶȻ޽Žһ£ȴѾ̲ݻˣȲɴϣ»ȹ̵λǰͲԽԽã߸ɴŶ˽˺üеķӸ˵ܾ컳̥ɵҲ֪˴ʲô⣬ִ̱˲Ż
Լڻһµ޿޲ɣ˳ȻͺãһСؼӣŪӹǣҲתԭӢţ˵ĸвʱĿ飬ӷΪۣǺþۺɢĺá
ҪƣΪԼʹ³ĺ·
ִɫȵһɶ˸ıãųҴȥһӡ
˵СƭЩȻûʲôʵԵãǿԼ£ԼҲֻ̻ʺ˵仰áûʳԣȻ뽫ͻȥ
᲻޵ǣķΧˡ
ִģҲҪǿµӣ忴һأã˵лġ
Ҵвҵɴû̫̫ǵ̨ͷ¶Ĺءִ֪ԼΪЩ뾭ѵвסѵҪ廨ǻȥء
ΪҪһ࣬˭֪ۣ̾ȥɣĸһӦġ
ִϲӣ²бõϹˣǴŵż⣬ϰһڡ
һζ
ӿ˿üȴԾйԭһС¾ĳŮҲѺ
ҲǸողʶִǮȰࡪִϵǮǱ˵ģôһ룬ûôˡ
ϲշתɵòȥƳŮ˯ｿգһķ
Ҫеʱ䡣
밲ʱͰ¸˫ˣƽ˲⣬ӱǳ̼ѵõǮڣ
·ִ˾ǶԸвӡ֪СѾͷԼƣ׼Ϲۣ
̷ʲôҲǶ⡣
ִ䳤Եʣ̷˶ŮӸݣûѧ黭ЩȻҲҹ꾲ģˣϲֳͺãȥա
̷˵Ϊִ⣬мҵˣôΪִȻ˵ӺҪĸļױɶҲͼӣھӴ׵ĵط׾ܴˮƯûˣһ£ѼͿ˿ôã
̷˱㶣ӣпЩô۸ǼǮ֮ףˣܡ
Цģ³̡
ھǼƱﶼ˲ٿӣˣԼ强ձǡִӺ棬Ҳ
ȥƽһϥܼ̾ӣԭΪǸµģ׵ԽͿ
ԶӽǮΪвƽ
̷ЦˣҲòĶȥ˭ϵĻƣֻΪһЦϷˡ
ƽ죬ʱĻƣȴҲ㡪Щӻʱ⣬γ£
̷ս֣ҵ㣬ֺαعŮ²ǣԱ㻹棬Ī˵ֻǼӣǧһЦҿҲûʲô˵ġ
ƽײ˵ˣֻǾŷ˱˵üĿ価ǻ⡣
ľűĳۿɸֹϢһЦųٻĲȽȽȥ
ʼԼĸĸһˣԼĲȱļΨһ裬Ҳ㣬򸾶ʼδҪӡز˵
ȴڻִ⸮һձһɿ죬ڲôˡ
ĸмԼĶͣԷģ޹
һú󣬳̷˱㻽ϱôġ
ԭΪִһʱ֪ȴļƻӽġˡηչ׳ȵȡ
̷˿ĹеӵĸпȻѾҲö˵ʲôˣֻһţҪԼӣǮ޷͹²ȴֵˡ
ִԹԵͷʾԼһհ졣
̷̾ϧˣҽۣƸ
ִһæ˵ԼѧǳҵΡȻѧҪ뵱ͷӱƣŶãôܼңķڷԶĲᣬһͲ޳ɣŶɩӣĸܵġ
ˣ͵ñ¡
̷Ҳǿǵ㣬ûִӰ࣬ϤϤ˵ˡȻִд㣬Щֻʱ
綼ϵĵӡ̷ǵ
ΪӷˣպǵõҵģȳϮ˾Ȼ帣ȥѵȨţ
ִĵʵͲԶһ㣬̯õţҪʲôгϧδһӵϱ뵽պǷֵԼٹޣԳ̷˻е㱧Ǹ
뵽˴ִϵĵˣԸ⣬ͰҵŮɡ
̷ˣ
ĳҲһ壺
ԣڳ/ף


59 .     Ȼܲײ˸
, ƶһļƻߥ̷ִȨ
̷ھ֮𣬿ǧ겻ĻʵۣȢޣϱѹ, λĸλͲǡ
ִǸͿģܼ֮ȨεҪ, ֻҪԼԼ㣬Ȼȥ̷Ҫʱ, ⺩ǵó̷ŭִɹĸҪȨŶ˶Ǻ¡
ߵȻáִһէĳ, ն񣬵ʱֻҪʹ, ȻܱƵô󷿽еͶ
㲻ɣҲ󷿶ˡ
Ŷ, ͷͷȥִ˵, ˭֪ȴִԸ˱ƺš
Ŷ˲ֶϱĶȥ
ѾͷôƵģ³˽, һҲвס
ִЦˣµӣȥء
ǸƤǳĶʲôӣƾĲָͷ©һ㶼ʹˡ
Ŷа, ȴеĵֶϱе强˵
ִ¶ϲﲻѾôΪλҹֲ˼ġ
ǫ飬ȴ̹Ȼֻƣ׼
Ŷˣ
˵Ӿôģû˼
ϱ˵壬ŶּǼǡ
ִֻǰʧ֣תͷһػԭء
ŶˣûǮۿѾͷʲôҽ̣
мְĴ㣬ŷǽҪݼ˽ȥˣʱͬԿ
ۿŶȥִ߷¶һĨЦ⣬óլˣҲóŶǺ⡪ǹڧǻƣ
Ҳ̷˶жûУִҲѹɽ
ܼȳֺõ£׬Ǯ
ִȹΪִεĻԴԶֵܡȻһŮӶոǿıڻ͡
ֵһģһΪֹһģ̳ģһ·ƵƵעӣִԼݣ΢˽õŮʵۡ
Ǳڼҵĺ󹬣Σһ͵ҡ
Ȼʵػض۸ɾռˡ
ǰ·ڣһֱĬĬֵʵٷˣȥļң
ִ룬ȸ߼Ұɡ
֬ߣĵ˭Ҳ벻λƹӪӣС¡Ȼýˡ
һֵ֣ǮǼȪƵľƼҸǸ档
ִҲ׬ˣȻֲɫĵɻĿγɹԣĵԵʱܣǻֱ£̸֬˵ֻҪϻŮˣŮǻ׷Ȩ֬ˮ۵·ϡ
ִױεģżҲµŮЩϮ˵ĻױƷҲȥء㲻ʵãԾҲð
Ҳ뿴νҹյĻױƷʲôģ
ϣִڸ߼֬ǰ³ƹͻѵ֪ҪѲϢؾվһǰţٲȻıơ
ִЦᣬҾ㿴
ƹţǰյ֪ҴС㻻λӷˣʵ˵ֻǸΪܵġ߼ЩۣǵҲϢϢأСôչֳ˵ǿӷôһ֪ˣ϶Ļ¼޽ųϲܷڹվȽŸ˵ָھӪպ󲻰㲻ˡ
ҺãСҲ˵ˣὫӵľӪȨҪʱ䣬ֻҪͱá
ƹЦӷ˿кιô
СУһضȿ˲ᣬʱͲ𣬻ǽڼУ֮ӷԸ᲻գС˵ˣ˽ȵȥӣͷٻòź¡
˸ƹŶѯʣʵҲмƵ˼
ִһ۲գŹ̨Щɫ֬º˵û£ֲ⣬ϲô죬ôˡ
ƹͷ亹ֱð𷢻𣬷㰵ػ¡
ǫ𣿲вִٹе˵ʽ
С˵ˣλӷֻèϲŭɫͻ
ƹҲͲסˣԭȶҵһͷ󺹵ܽóһ˲ǫصǰˣĿ
ִ
ֻǳɢɢģûб˼ЩƫҪأ
ˣִֻװģؽ״̬˰˸ӷŵ̨ǰһҳʼϸϸزġ
ƹᵽɤۣ˲Ტ٣мĿǹģ˵ġһСҪ⿿ô㹤ǮôٲÿˮСҲһֻ۱һֻۣ಻ʹѵ䣬ӷ˷
ƹֱ룬Ĩ˰Ѻ׳ӸԳˡ
ִƳЩʲôԽҳ˹ȥ
ƹɿͿһüĹ첽ϲص㣬ô
ˣˣƹϵãλɼҵС㣬벻ӷ˻ϵֲִ©Ҳװֻ֪ŤͽѲأ
ƹɿشִжǱ˲ͷմЩۼСĸµġ
ģȻǻʵͯ۵˲ᡣ
ִҪҪôʵҲû𴩡
ٿһݣ㣬ԭ߼֬ҲҵĲҵѽ
Ȼһִ죬Ȼ˵һҲִЦŵͷôˣ
˺ߺҵ۳űҼŮļŮȢ޵Ȣޣ޲ðҲЩϳţҲŲǵ⣡
Դ֮ھеʫŵԽԽڼеĵλҲˮǴߣ޹ֺɽΪɾӣú͵ճСһˡ
ĻµȻҲС
ִЦţҲûʲôãδǶ⡣
죬㵱Ȼվ˵ۣ˲ųֺãŵҲ£Ҳܱ֤һɣ
̾ϢѰǧٶȣѽⱲǵȲǸˡ
δ䣬ͷԲ֪ʱվ˸ˣ˵ڵغˡ
־طһž׽ͣæŤͷִã˵ҪŹ㣬Ϊġ
ִ⸱ߵŻʧģ֪һǾ仰ȥˣᡪΪô
̫ˡִֻȽȥøƹΪ˱裬ٿˣȴŮרע૵Ȼףȴڵƻɺ
˷ܵضִ絨ôС
ջ绹ӻԾسͳӱ䣬Ĵ˿ȴټķȻΡ
ִ
Ȼܲײ˸ԭϲһģ˵ѽ


60 .  ծ   ҶԣҪҪôţ
ִʳŲʿ, Ȼּɣ޷Ϊ£Ҳ޷ʱ, Ե޷֣ЩΪĺʱû, ಻
ִ̫ǿȥ־ط˳
־طۣѵɹ
ִɸ, ɵǲ飬˼Ҷ·̺ˣ֪ôߡ
ֻøƹЩʱ֬, ѡĸ״ǰ, Щõûؼȥһϲ
ŤͷƹЦ, Ͱм, Ҳռıˡ
ƹֱᣬʵͲִռıˣⲻôһܱ򣬲˵һмֵ
ô˽Ķ, պб˽ңƹǰ;ѵҪһִƴ£ɾȥ˱ӣδؿã֪֪׵ĺá
ͷԷԾذ־طֻŮ˲˽ŮˣһϴĻʲô֬
ۿ˫ԡϲΪ佲⣬־طƶǶصͷûע˵, ֮Ǻ͸ˡ
˵ľҲԽԽ
ִû뵽˻ɼŮͱкһЩԼҴ˴꣬ȴǸء
Ը֮ܰ׵Ļᣬʧϵڱ
ƹۿλ˼û˱ϣסͷǸˡѲɾΪ̰īļӣҪץȥΣвڽֽǺأֻһ±ץˡ
Ҳù
ִ˲ÿµˮȻ٣ɳȥȸ֧ʣµľҲ̫֮࣬һȶķ¸
δٵգҲû䲻ԶˣѹĽ
ƹ񿴶˼˻ĸ׼¹ѻ𣬲ǺǻЩĹҪһʾԼ͡
˼ҵӣһƹ񲻱̫ࡣ
ƹһ׼ӭӸֺ顪ǷִУдȶ
˭ִ֪Ҳӵ£ֻȤؿƹĿǰнǶ٣
˼ѵҪнҲԣ£ģûбʹˡ
ƹδԵϲ񣬲ЩӬͷСˣн֮ʱ˵Ȼʲôãòˣᱻһ߿̫Щ˵Ϸ
ƹǹ˵һµĿǰнԸһЩȻǷлء
ȻִףֻҾòס
Ӹ˻ǵˣƹԷҵǣ߶ͣ߶ãƸƹ˲ţԶֹһʮ˵ô
˵˼ǡƹģʶĻϲ
ִ΢΢һЦҵ˼н겻Ӧöƹĳ;͸ﾻã㣬Σ
һը­ƹſˣ벻¶һķֺ췽
֬һ´а˰ӵľ룬㣬ʮӵн꣬ԿˣʵԶֹϾǵϷڣǳļҰϲ£֬ˮ۵ǡʱ˵ʮһҲϡ档
ִǸƹԼ⣬ټӰ۵ȵͬ㣬ֻǹͲȣֳ𣬻˷ɸƹ죬
ӺǾ䣬ƹ˷ܵûҲˣǵǮӣȻƾǮиɾڷָµЩҲ⣬Լ⣬ȲҪƵġ
µ񣬾ִǸĿʶ֪棬ƹҲͶء
ִ۵Ҳ˵̫磬˵ǰͷµԿͬɵÿȡ
ƹزǷĵЦӶѳһţƵĵͷȻȻ񰮣Сиأ
ԲĶӱ֤ϲܶǧӣСĸƾá
˵˵ġж󵨣жӷźٲӰѾ治ȥҪĺá
˵գͿִȥȲ衪طϵĿõ
ִҡͷˣһȥǼ仨һһȥ¸ϲϡ
ƹֻùţһǼ鵱񡪡ûӷ۵Ƥ̫ܽɹˣæɡ
־طҪߣԸ͡
ִȴЦˣ㿴ʲô˵ҽǰѽǺظɣ
־طˣⶼðʮ꣬ͷһŮڵ˵
ҪǻĳˣͰ͵С㣬ؼ𣿡
һ˫۾̿ҲؼһȥĶȥҰ
־ط
ⲻ֪˾ϲ⸱׾ģ̫˵Ĵˣ˵ĸġ
δ⽫ܣ˴ʵ㲻ҲУԼߵġ
ôɣ־طæϣ㱾ӣ뵽ƯŮӣڹ컯֮£Ҳм˾ϲ⡪ա
˰׼˸ڣ͵Ц
ִں濴Ŀ࣬û뵽˿ľȻôúС·
ɺûСЩϣѧãͷԸ㲻ڻˡ
ȵȣΪʲôҪóִһȻعζ㿪ʼᡣ
ڲˡ
һִŽָЩǣҪ̸˵еǻᣬ׬Ǯȴǹûˡʱʱɫ˥˭ϧ
Ҫڶϡ
òʹʲôֶΣƹԹԽ˲˳̬СԭƹǺѣʲѲƿţʲô˵ˡ
ͷѽٺòɱٺ»ǿ
ִ۾ȴ˸ӣǰЩɫĵڻô
ƹʣһ꣬Ҳήˡ
ִɲǣơ
ƹ񲻸Υæݰ˳ִʱҶζѰĵûֻ̫ÿһ仨ϣк졢סɫƬУģʮȻִҪ˹Ⱦɫá
ôƯĵʹҲ̫ϧˡִ֣
ƹ֧֧⡭ǰСֱûķԸСö
ԴĿռ˲ӣӪҲδϸ˻ǷΨʯ̨в
ִȴǸаģԷͼ޽ӡӡĵǿַʽֳ
ƹСǡǲɹأ
ͳôĵҪϹڸŪɾȫˡ
ִû˱ûˣ٣֤˻಻ףҲͷ˼
ǸõŵµˣϲԼ߽ͬСңⱾרֲġ
ƹզ࣬벻¶Ҿоϣֵܴĸ֬ӣȻֻнһӰȴാ춯ء
ƹȻҲĽķֺ죬ʻ۸ʱǵǮʵûӣҲƹһֻǰ˷֣Ҳˡ
ƫƫִֻǶ˼ȫЩϣƹಽţʵͲס̳ܵʵˣûҪ˵𣿡
ִ⣬ʲô
ȻǷֺ찡ƹķţȴҷί˶ˣƹ˵Щ
ִŻȻ˵ǸΪ˵ء
ƹһ죬ȷʵЩ˶ԼϢûõҵ׼˭Ҳҵ治ǣ
ִЦһͬʣȻ˱ˣҲӣʲôɻֻȥ͸ƹѯʱ֪Ҵǵĳϲˡ
ƹһһ飬ؿǸжġ
ƵĶңүײˡ
ִִһͿķʽױӵġȷʵ̫Ӫ֮ץŸ͵ȥֻҪͷ͹ˡ
ƽֿƼ򵥣жܹŵ㣬ǹ֪̰֮ࡣ
ظ֮ǰִƵȥһˣһܵĺϢڻṰײ
ҲϲۼģƷòã˼ô
ִܲϲԷƱĵ㲻ãòãҺʵɱǵͻӵǿˣȻҲ
̾²һܾвϲҲûӡ
˵ĸۿ׾Ҫˣʱɲһǰ̵Ůô־ط˵ǺӣոԼֹֻϲһ丸ӵĵӣýҲ˵ϻġ
ң־طĲɣ˵ǲξҲ쵽ССİٷ򳤣ͬŮۻ軨ˡ
ϾʵĶϰ±ִۡһᰮô룬ǿ˵׼ٻؾӪºպսأ˽ҵĴǻΪأ
ݵģԸˣɣԸܿôһ졣
Ȼû⻰棬ɾ㲻޳ɶӸҵ£ԴϵĸҲ衣˽ϣһ˫ŮܵõùޣԼⱲҲˡ
*
ػʮգ䲻ϲɿģ㽫ĺЩ˵ȷԼı»ȪˮĹ͡
˵ƿʹú󣬹ɫԻ̬ͣҲЩûҸʱġƽ˱⣬ƿĲϸǰһ
Ǳˡ
˵ƣԼǼӣ޵ҧгݣִѴ֮һļҵƾʲô˳˳ˮ
ǷݺԼԸǩµģ뵽ִʵûʲôæԼҲֻõһ檵֣ɫеͷѪ
ִ׵õЩҵܡ
ȻλƹûŹüˣ㶢һһ֪ˣ
īʵں£ֲҲ˵ڵϴ׵ūţӷƹƹΨհūȥĿţҲװ֪
ˣݺݽһɵ赽ϡ
Ƭ˻īֱҲҺʹֻɪɪŽż⡣
ѰڵⲽΣɫԵôˣ
ϲƽȻǸõ÷δһѺõ
ī˿ĭСү飬Ի֪ĲϻȥסڳǼȵ
ǸӡЦһȴЩ΢΢Եá
òȹϧϲƽʵ̫˵㣬ȻǺʡ
ϧ
Һֹ԰׽ž飬Ҳ֪ӭش׽ӭţ񷴵аس֮ࡣѾףȻǰȳ²֣һǱҪġ
ִھǰһľ˿ڵ˶ӣ
ʮī˵ϣȥ٣Իͬġ
ҲԽԽСˡ̾
ֻϳʮӣͺϲƽץȥСգϲƽܸĲŹء
ô󷽵ѽ
һ⣬͸ȥϲƽиʧ
īС벹
Ȼң΢Цҡͷžлݣ˭ʮ꣬͸˭ˣλǹأҲᣬ³һѣ
ִϣǾֻܿЦˣƣˡ
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ɡǴɷĵģɱϾǸոս֣ٷϴˣִҲµ͵ˣԼЩʱʱš
ҲԳʱе㱧Ǹԭ½׶εܰʱ⣬ȴ˼ٸദԼУǱڼҵԹ
Ȼĸǲ˵ʲôģֻǿɿذŷˣ䲻˾䣬ԣСҭš
˵ãһ˵ִҭˣæƵ
޹Ҳǹġ
ִ
Ҳû˵ǹⰡҪҪô˵
¶ǣִθ˵㣬ʱĵСɫã첻ڼЪһЪɣģū澿Դȥ
ִѾͷ˹үӣ˵ĵĻɫֺˣ
ٿһĿ뼤ִǾ仰û˼˵ڣֻĬĬͷ
ʱϲԸƣټ뷹
ִҿҸ
ô˵ֽڵķദʱ䣬ྴţ´ҴҽˣͷиԵˣ˵ٷծ
̵Բˣʲôծծ
ִԩӲ黨ǲݣծķȥĿӣһƭǮġ
ǷԸ£عʲôӳȥǡ
´ӦţԴԶֵҲӴϡ
ϲƽۿȥæͦأ׼ȥһ١⼸ס仹û䵽ҪҲˡ
ùȻǲȱɽ亣ģû׼ܳǶĹ͢Һơ
ϲƽ촽׼һ±ſԺ˭֪òֻüĿԸĺӣΧǽӳȥ
ԴľګԶԻЩӻĻģǰģ
ϲƽҶԣҪҪôţ


61 .     ҵҲǸתɣ
µ׻ֵܡᡱϲƽΧǽǿ΢΢, Ƕϲƽԣزз֮ʹ
ҶƽشΪ׳, ԴҲֻβ׵Ƕʹ, Ⲣûʲô˴
ݺݵ˺ĵŮһأϲƽŷƨһȳһյȥ
»ȥͿүٷ˹õֻ໨, ڳٷʣģʵڰɣǹԲˣ
һ۵߸, ִֻñӱͣ, ԼԲ̫¡
θٺãҲѼʽιƣѵöСɽ, һС, ʣµȻźˡ
ɻԲģȻʼٸԼ
ΪԼүһͬᣬ̼һŷʳ˯, ̫̫ÿҲֻ߰˷ֱүôģ֮мƢθҲȳЩٿɿڵķˣȥҲζͬɣ
ѹӵģ̶-ҩò˶١
ƾһ, ԾԼӷǣæǰ£үҲ³ţɡ
ȴ§꣬㿴С
ٷ˵Ĳи˵Ŀڣͺͼӽһô޷̡
̵ؽŷ㣬絹ι
£ǽԼ
Դӳɻ֮үԽԽ΢ˣɼŮ˵ɹȴ˵ķĹһӵĺá
ִϹܼҶͷƤ飬ԼʲôʮĴˣæִӳｫٳˣŻ㣬ҿѲ˸ϵ
ǰһǺģĬĬͷá
¾ͿԼٷʩʩȻ˷үҲŽݣֻʣһǽʰ
ԣǸõģ
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Ϊ쳣ˣִֻ÷ȥĴ㣬æµ˼ЩƣЪЪ
ұɷ˷ϵЩͷûһöģǿҳǰϸλˡ
ִֻ÷һŮĴ㣬Ŵⷢ
ǺԵ֣һͷһļ治Ƶġ
֪Ƿ˶ƵãִȴⱻɰűްŪҪ槼Ļˮգ⸱ģʲôֵóصģ
ִ˸ؿ
ε֣ڨڨ벻ȥĶ֣Ƕпա
ִ˵ûգǷ룬ܵչԼ˵棬ס
ӻԾ飬ȥ£ˬիҲ
ԼĵطȻĸ٣ɵ޳
ִҡͷ̫ߡ
ɽ
򣺡ȥţµĺɻã˵֯ʮ֡
ִǲϣ̫խ
Ҳ֪ôСһأɽ˺ģŪ¹ʡŸոͷɲʱѪ⡣
ǳô˼ݣ˿ҲЩ׽⣬ҪȻȥ֣
ִ˳ػӦð
򣺡㻹뿴Ӷ԰ɣ
ʤЩ΢΢ã˳μڴϡȻǷˡ
ʱǸݹѵĻëѾͷأڣͶ㾡Ƿˣ˰֡
޲úӽԼһӣԶԶŶС
ȻЩǲִ˵ģԵЩ̬ǰʼҪŹӵ󣬾ʧǡ
ⲻִ֪УԼɷѾǸɳˡ
ͷͷϽ֣еʵεĸп񻰱С޲ҪǺ«ֲٳԷǧл⸱ʮ飬Լȴǲζġ
ִ˼ȫϣοС̯Ǻ«ʲôãӲģζ
ִųֱ⣬ȵ˸ƹ̣֬ΪҪһ࣬˭֪ƹЦźλүɣСĳ˵֪һɲŮòһ˫ˡ
ִҪҪô
űڽⶳȻ𽵹Ҫƹ֡Ȼֻһ½Ƕ̧ˡ
ƹҲʶȤûȥүѣΪ֬⣬˫ڸɫݺ˵ģζ̫ŨHԴǵүأ
ֻ˺ʩһʮ¶Һˡ
ִȲ裬ִȴˣһȥƹơ
ƹ㶮ˣ˵Ӳ⣬óպ󷽱㡪˵ŮҵļҾýʲôϰ
ȳ֬ӣãոߵǸ
ִΪ˼ҿ䣬Ƥ̫ǳЩɡ
ãĲϵͬѵøƹʶȤٰǵ䣬ˣԺչˡƩ繬Ĳ
˵˽˭˽ģŽзˮء
ȵ˻ƹͬ編ƣάƼЩõͰٺΪ͸˵Ŵİ顣
ִǺִֶܶǺʱֵģ֮ƹǸš
һʱ𣬰ѽ컹δİٺϺõ廨ðˣֶֻ꣬òŽĺС
ִٿȻûŽءӡų̼Ҽһյ뻹ùүڣȿԻӻµõðƹҲǸţ˶ףְִͦġ
ڳִԺٺɵЦļһ÷̿ѾŨĻɢˡ
˵еŮɵϣҲضá
ֻԴȻؼȥȻôҡеģ붼öġɲʱעĿ
Ըܹ޼ɵ̽Ŵӵ֡
ִԵؽ˽βηףɵ˵۹⡪Ϊ顣
СһҲ̫Խصġ
ִǸĥ˵СϽţֱȴʵش
𴽽ǣ಻ֻ̫ǰסСָͺ˵䱻һ봩һ𣬼Ƶġ
һ·ȻǰǲôԱߵǡ
ִѭĿȥͿ־ط˲ţŲԶľ룬żɴϵĹȻΪ֮Ǹ͸ɢˣѰʲôĽڡ
־طȻƲܣֻӰӡ
һ˫ʱʱ˳ˡ
ִֻǸĺ«ڼǿƵϻãһͷ͸йƵģŮˡ
ǧټ˵ֱȵ컹ѡ
ͥýͷ磬ҹȥæ
ִæգգ˳Ȼˡ
Լ鲻࣬˷ϰߴķ濼ǣ˻ڼףŶ־طأˣ׮Եһʱ嶯עԲճ
Ȼⲻ²⣬氮ȻãĻԤܴ־طȥףɲܽȥð
Ըѧ¸һЩ𹼸˼ҵһˡ
ִɲסŲѿˣȥһưɡ
֪ײϣΣǣִ֣ܿͷһȥ
ȻûʲôƵģҲȥݹִһ˵ѷĵط
ֻȴ뵽ϤӰ
ϲƽһͷǴ˭ŵ׹ģ̻ʡ
һ̲Ȼŭ㻹Ц
ʹŹǣʱӵñ׵Ŀ
ִЦԭѽ˵ô¡
ϲƽûиޣƢãˣҲǹ׽Ǿ䣺һԭ޹ϸȴԭܵ-ϵĥѣһϼʼ壬ȴػģԭϵʹࡣ
׽ѳ˹˺򣬿ӻִҲȥĲ磻ǰλôִʲôҲѹҡ
ã˵ֹֻ˶ʮӣɬǴĿˣϲƽоܵ裬ѹԸھַϻϼȥ
˿ִ̼·ץסһҡǮɷǰ׼úЩˡ
˭֪һס˸ա
ϲƽǰҡȵӣƷֺλ
ƽ֮ӣճ̣һ֡˵ţȭʩһ
ϲƽ֣ҲЩηɹŵĲ´ЬģһУûϼǮȥ״أ
ǺŲӵҲ˳Ӽҽָֻ˵ǷծǮ쾭壬ѵɣ
΢΢ü⻰ûҷ˼ʱǷӣ
ϲƽһţۣʮأԵĴģһҳǮ룬˹ˣղԲûĵ
㶮ˣǸõʩԽѵִȴҡͷסƴҲܲңԵȻɶ񣬿񱧴ֵ֮÷зУǸԿǸ
ִסҪӣ
ϲƽǣĿ̰࣬ǧӡ
λָĹ˵ִµһ¾ǧӵ룬޷Ǿţһëѡ
Ŀȷʵ̫࣬һӦպ鷳˵θԽԽģԻ֪֮
ִɲв壬ת⣬˵ҵȻˣƾʲôҪӣ
ƾϲƽֱ׳˵ʲôƾִϵŮ޿ɷϵġ
ִ΢΢һЦãô֤
ϲƽסҪ֤ôȻϼңʱûȡϲƽԽת䣬ֻܼ򵥴ֱĺϻհ׵ˣô
ִǰǿڿ-ΪôַɣɱϾ˵ޣϲƽȺʹ顣
ִԭˣӣŮȻҲŮ
ûû뵽ִȥְѻƻˣϲƽæ˷ܵ㶼֪ڿԸǮ˰ɣ
ִҲӣʰ׽ô
ȻϲƽҪ˵Ȼ˿ǣѽҵǱӵģִףƺλ߹˴ϡȻѾ롣
ѾϵҵŮô
ϲƽԼԼŪͿˡ
ִѭѭգʰ׽Ů˭
ϲƽ˿õ˼άȦججǺС㣬ֽ޸ӵλ
˭ҪǮִ
ȻС㡣ϲƽȻûһʼԲľǰ׽˽ʮͷˣɵúúøǶĸŮ㣡
˳ңϲƽҪ뿪ȴ֪δӺδӡ
ִָֻ㣬Сһҳзһׯϲһ
ûЩǷģֻȼյĳޣϲƽԾɴǰͷЬִָķ򼲲ȥ
ǰ鷳ٿĿһϷĳִȻЦǲǺ
ֻ̾Ӣ۾ĻᶼүҪҪô£
ˣֻüߡ˭֪·ϺȻϸŸмүĺ񰮣һ˹ͬɡĻᡣ
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ִȴԳʱһɡȲѣС
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ԴȪƴѲƽ⣬ֻ׺͸·ٹˣôؤģˣƹѳ
Ҫǰϣϲƽȴؿб۵ɵǶݣң̨˭
ƹЦҿû˵ݣĻԻʡҾţ
ϲƽĵִ£͵ò֪ԣǶԼ-£ܴ˱Ӧ񲻹ֵϢǿʼأ
ۿߺкƣҪΧŹϲƽҲ˲ʲôˣµ˭ң׵
סֵȻżȥģ׽ˣǰ׽ĹѪô룬ҲĲࡣ
ⲻ֪ƹȴһ壬С⣬Լ֪һЩʵ˷롣׷˵ȸүٸԻ˱оɣⶼ˵ģĪǴñӵĲԻү
ô룬Сĳˡ
ϲƽмֵҹȻţĪʲôѱССպֿӰ˵ɾֿˣ
ƹȰӭ˽ȥֻҲǮ¡
ϲƽҲżҪǮǴþҪõľƣɲЩˮļٻԸ
ƹɫ࣬ľƾûвģһֲǼֵٽǸªŵУ
Ȫϡ٣Ȼǲ˴͵ģƹֻýϵŮȡһ̳ΪСùԸģ˭֪ϲƽյҲãֻ׼̳ʹһ̳Ʊ˵ס
ƹ񣺡ҵҲǸתɣ


62 .  ͱ   Ҳ밡ǣ˼ȶˣ
ϲƽ̨ס, ƹ񲻸˿պóԺúȺþƺò˹ţƫϲƽƷ̫, һ˱ؿбŶţˣﻹֵ, ʹҶ˵ƷҲ޹ϵɵǶҵĲҵƹҲ˳ǣ
, ϲƽҲƧЩĵطʱشӺԺĵУһų, ƵĿ˻ùǺ֪ĻΪ˸, 
һǧɣͶ˸ɾ
ƹʵû취, ֻѰ˸յ, һ㲪ȻŭȻˣ򷢳ȥǣαŰ׳԰׺ȣ
īСΪȷ, ҪǿߣˣƫƫҪһǧĸ𣿡
ңʱü/յΣҲ
׻˵ú, üС£ϲƽظôѱ´βûûˣ׵ô
Ⱥް׽û۹⣬ҲеǨŭֹǵִⲻϽףֺαشҴޣ˸֪çֱһʻţϣ
˵ǵҲϲֹٲãҲһλǰԺգϲƽܸʲô
ҪҲһ¶ԼҲصϼŮ
͸˴ˣϲһĨɫɴһݣˣ
ī󾪣æС㲻ɣӽ³ç
һˣھû׾죬޸޵׵ģ˭мԽԽϲƽˣǰһʹʱҲ׼˵ʵ˵ˡ
īѵС㣬ϸ룬ԵԵ޹֪ǵľׯָȥģ˶С㣬ҿˡ
ݺݵһǰ㣬ִһлˮʹƣ֪ˣʲôֶΣϲƽ˵תѰԼ鷳
ִ֪ػϲƽĶϲƽ£ִв׷鵽׵ģһǣ˾ֻٱ
ԽԽý꣬Ǿץȥ٣ƾʲôԣҲûа׳ԾƲǮĵ
ʱЩۣкúóЩͷȻϸˡƾţ⻹ҪҪˣ
īһԵƹˤأ͸ҺСףٵһڣȫǶ֪ˣ
Ҫ˵˵ȥҵˣϻܵߵڰףӣЦľ˾ף̿ͷƵģóԼ绨Ů
īȰ˳ɻСǧ֮壬Ϊϰ
ҲҲУƲסҪ໰ƾʲôѾ޽˻ңЩС˵
Ԥеķ޶ͥһûõʹɣҲֻżŻޣʱǴ鷿Ⱥ๫һ𡪡ôϲ̸壬ȥкˣ
ִȻڹ⣬ȴʱϢӵת߶ĴԽԽ࣬Ҳ˲ٹ澵ĽȻǲФ޽ƽģֻɷ˳ӷ˵Ķ˼ֱӰ룬˾ʿĿģأ
ÿÿ˴жԹѣΪʲôִа취ĿµĽأŲˣòҲ缺ش»͸ʵʵؼԼĹâ¹͵ǣǵͻԼķɣ׮ҵĻŤתǬҡһΪйĿꡪΪʲôɴأִҪѸġ
ƫƫǵ潡ʣӻһس꣬ھҫ붼
ϰĽĿ⣬ȴȴƷִ֮£Ǳ
ж԰ɥʧģɵǴǱ
ȴʮ䵭ģʲôҪҽûգ
Ȼ֪Ǽ鷳£ֻᣬ񲻹ʯͷԼĽţԵѵҲãʡ۸ֵͣòӡ
û뵽ʶʾͶȻؾˣ΢΢θҷôܲܣ
Цԭ㻹֪ʣо˿ıô
ǿзƴΥĸԸ븮˭֪޹ٲʱѱ˳Ҳֺĸ̫󣬷ЩŮ̫࿴ĸۣתͷͻѰƽ˴򷢳ȥʵĸˣϹ۲Żῴ
Ҳ뵽ԼôԹԣǰŻƽϴԴ׵ģֺ¹¹̤ȣʲôС
İˣ˵վߣָ£ộ⣿
۾ˣһʱͷڲԵĵ㲻ңһֽұǣ
ɫٿȻʮֿ£һۣŷȥ
˫ϥһԵڵءûԼһʱ嶯ҺùûдӦı˵ȷƵͷ
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ǲдЩϧճٲȻߴӶ䵭ֹÿÿһ֮УǰŮԽˣ鰮ϣǰػȨץвѽ
һŮͣ׾ó̼ҷӡִֹ֪Ҫģֻ̼ǿԸչŵĶϱ󷽡
ҪϺͺˣˣû׼Լء
ϧˡֹ̾һ¿мļ飬һ˹ȥ
үôˣ׽æԴϲƽ飬ʽסһԺֻǻδݼ̫̫ܱǹһүûᣬҲҴߴ١
ָֹǷ飬һ仰Ҳ˵Լ
׽첽ǰʰҲǺˣˣˣô˺
ֹȴûͷûβ˾䣬Ҳ˵أ
ģԼһᣬ׽͸ɴסԼңһɶУⲻǰͨʲô
׽
Ϊ˺үŸɴӦģȴԩ
׽һһҼĨģ֮ǰδйϸĹѪţֻܵѪף֤аԣҲú
ֹǰǰ£ͷĵˣȥ»ʲôӲ˵ģ
ǲѼ޸ӣصŮֻϲƽ֮䣬ǳıӵкΰѱ
׽ɷмֻɣȻãҲֻǿ֧ʵô죿
˵úãƴһУҰѻʵôֹһǲٹ£Ҫ˵˵ȥ壬ʲô
Ǯ򷢣˵ﲻǧӣУҲȻ˴ĸŮ˵ڲɣʵֻ»ݶĹλأ
׽ʶɷıһүǷģȥɣһ˵ġ
ⱲµľӦˣοϲƽ顪ֹҪЩֹʱ򣬶ĸҲںëϲƽʹö죬ʲôõȴԼܶ
վۡ׽̧Ĩȥ۽һᣬôأѾ£һ·ߵڣزͷˡ
̨棬ϲƽǿָѣ㲻ڼλˣĵˣ
˻ڳԴ׽ţﵹе΢΢ˡ
Ҳ飬˵⣬ϣҪɢݵҥԣ췵磬·ѣЩ½½ҲӣȫȻǧô࣬Ҳ°뱲ӳԴˡ
ϲƽЦ˴룬ΪʲôҪģ
׽ǿӲԽǿӲˣķԽǴֹʱģƤǣʯ֣ǰôûأ
ľѳֻۣʩչȥԸǰʵˡ
һĨ߿ϲƽݣðɣҲΪ㡣
׽ϲ֮¼æͰҼջϢϢվߡ
ϲƽףһҪ󣬡һô
Ű׽ϵḷ̌ȻЦģҲ㣬ֻǱϾһ𣬺ôһܹ˵˵㲻Щˡ
׽׻ǴӦˣֹܶʧЩ̰ǰ´桪氮ģֻûϧ
ϲƽҲŵԣûжԽأֻǺһҹ󣬱ϰ׽Ʊﳤȥ
׽л㱻صУӭĲֹĻϲһĿ⣬Ķȥˣ
һ𣬵лҳûбʲô׽ص
˭ֹ֪ŭˣ˵û飬Ϲô
ϲƽȥǰ׽ʹʲôֶΣŵʲôбһ´Чķʽô
ǰ⣬Ϊ˱ϾϵķޣǲǸ˾͵ֹ˱ѵĳ衪ǳСӣԸˣϾһ޵Գ֣Ӳйܡ
ŷ϶Լж飬Լ컯Ūˣ
ֹ۽ᵽ鷿Ӵ˲ڰ׽ıԷЪ£ƺһ¶֡
׽վԭأҲûˣϲƽѵǹȦ׵ôԤϵֹ˻ɣΪľ°䣿
ԭǲ˽ˡ
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ִΪһף͵ߴ˿֯ɲϣͷǶбƤܴѰˡ
вǷԳ˵㣬־طôĿͷȻ⡪͵ˡ
ǰ±ţ⡢ͷ֮ʳ·á
־ط˵ǳİʮΣǵµҲԲ
ϰöû־Сӣĺ͹һθڣܴʲộ
ִæƴ첲СԲ꣬㲻ָЩʿǣŰɡ
־طֻ£ǰƬ̣Ƕִҵȥˡ
һ־ط˶Ҫˣǵȥ¸
ִɫ䣬ԭӦõģİɣﲻ㡣
־ط̾ŵүκǲãŶãޱ߶׷ˣǰԴӽӽУƺҲúүģǷַӣ˽
ִȻԤϵôһ죬ȴû뵽죬޲檲͵һ־ģţ
ǶԹ࿴ȥɣùġ
үûΪ㽤Уִʡ
־طҡͷһҺš
ִͷʱ·֮飬ʵ൱ױʽšֹΪٶ꣬ȻҲӪЩЩƲֵǮҪʱҲܷá
Ƕӣֹ᲻ҵ
ִ⣬š
ҪײҪ
ȻͲר̸ߴˡֹ޾ɺãִȴԸĸٶӡܶ԰׽飬ͬܶԴ飬˶ǽɽ׸ıƵġ
űһߣҲƵŹչˡȻȬһ컹ʹִû˭֪ȴ
æǰţһ粻Ӧַõʦڣ
΢΢Цţ˼ʱ
˵գӻȡһСӣЩı鼯ҪͷúȦڹؼط˱ǣ̸ֽǸݴܵͼı
־ط䲻ʫʣҵרԱ鵹Ķࡣݲݷ˼ҳϱ㾪ϲѣ޲ùĤݣ÷򣬻á
ִôһһİ
һķ߷߲ƽǣ֣Ҳȫһ˹֮ͣǰұ飬ҹߣΪࡣ
⻰ͺˮˣִ￴öͷĹŴʱʱΪһˡ
ԳЩ֣û˵ôá
־طǳĳ˵лĩ¶һڲӲӰүһչ˺ãһëҶΨʡ
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ִŴӰʧ糾УЯųתǻȥɡ
Ҫݰοϣȴ˶һð£ۺֻӡ
ִû뵽Ѱ㺣ɾٻǰˡθܽʱĿ˵ʱѶ˼ҡ
־طȻǴɷĵģԼҸ磬ƾǸֱ׾ģײˣѵȵ컹ѡ
ߵ˸ǰ̾ϢȻôһأ
˵־طһʱ͵ˣǺпܵġ
˵Ҳ밡ǣ˼ȶˣһ¶ۡ
ִ
һϲ硣


63 .  ü   ֬ɨü
ִİο, ֺڵǰŻָ겻ʶζ, ο־ط̫˴, Ҳ̸ۼ޵ĵز
ʹϧ־طһҲûż˵̸ĳϲ, ˭֪־طȴӣ˱ǿð¡
źȻжͲ, Լ˺һͷ
ִ
С˼ֶɣζôԼǴδ, ̫ˣ³һʼ̬ȲôҲûϡô뵹Լء
Ӧúúǡ
ϧѾΪ˸, ûͷ, ִ̾ԼĵԵʣҸû롣
˵־طƵƵִԿ, һֱ۵Ƥ˲ȡЦ㲻ˣ˼
˵Ϊ˲ϼԸ·ѹء
ô˿Ц־طĸ, ȴձͷɥģ鲻áʵûʲôҪֻҪ֪־ط㹻ˡ
˵Ϳʼգ׼úñ⸱ݣ־طʱıзֺ޲Լ
ִ֣㣬㣬ôģ
ִЦҴ󣬡ңȥĺá
ôأ㣬ȥսǵʱ޹⣬ͱð͸죬һƤƵģţػλҲʲô˳Ͽҵĵ
ִüʳָ˴ţȻ֪Թʵпŵĳɷ֣˵ƥĵ˵ϡ
ʵϣԼҲԼ˺ܴı仯һ棬ĵӰɹ̫ȻˣǼСȸҲûУӰӶܲοʱûгǿķ۵ס
ѵ߻Ȼȥģִݲ˽⣬֪ĲЩţƩ󼦵ĻƹƬ֮ࡪѧʱŮǼ˽ֵ
ûãҴڸ˵ܱȺЩǦˮյĺá
ʵϣ͵ŮӣҲòżڱȴ֬ɫ泯춼㵹ˡ
˵Щϣͷͷػؼң׼ѾͷЩͻƹϣò껹ԣһá
ִⰲο˴һ󣬼ʮΪӵԶ˸Уŷǰ
֮ǰƹ˽ԭɫĵֳܷȻɻʲߣɺôһϣĻ֡
ƹ߸ָǱ֡
ʱĲóײ㣬Ǯǰ󡣶ƹôһۿѵ˶Ȼϻؽһײչ񣬿ɼɹӡ
Ȼɫĸ޶ĿӴвٵɫɫĴƷ֮һĽ
Ϊѵõһĸ弸һģһͬΪɫ䣬ﵽĵزΨϸ֮²ܱԲͬͷǼƬɫĻ겢ʮִ⣬ǳǳƣ֮Ϊԡ
ЩһǷĻ
ִ⣬軨ҪȥС
ˣӺݵĵȻҲֻһ֮ĸųе𡣺ο̻ʺƽշĶִ࣬ǲɵˡ
ƹӦţȻϧǮ㲻棬պܲԴô
Խֵ࣬õҲԽࡪӷ˴󷽣ǰС㣬ҪܣҪԲݣ޲ý±˶ռ
ִ֪һλ˵Ĵ򹤻꣬Լŷ˲˲ãֻҪǶԵõĴʩ桪֮ƵܣΪ˶λùµŶˡ
ɢתˡŶȻ֮ǰ˸ӣƫֹʼʩߥָ硣
Ȿڣְֶϱαعǫְٰãᣬ뾩߶ʶʶλףҲ֪۸ȢλôܸɵĶϱŶڴģʮϣ·һƬ൨ҸζΪִ룬ûа˽ġ
ˣǸɲŶ˾ںһ֡
ҲûģǺεȴ£˵Ȼޣ˰أִⱲӶ̧ͷˡŶϤ£ĽҲãֽŻô
ִȻϽɽ΢Ц˼ĸ˼
Ŷˣ
Ȼ˵̫̫˼񲻳ϱϵŵüլ
ֻڨڨͷԼ뷨
ִǾˣȷڣҲûĻᣬ⸮ļ˭죬ʲôɣҪʲôģ
Ŷ˱Сűѵ⻹ͷһأҪ˭ִ֪ȴŲæĵĻԸȥĸ˵ȥɣòɵˣΪһҪһݼ˽ռΪأ
˵գʩʩȻȥǰԺ̷밲
Ŷ˸ûβˣ˵ƫƫµˮ©˵ѵȨԼõģҪŵɫӣ
Ŷ˲ϱԼѶϱţȻҲõϱ𾴡Ĵ󷿾һأ˵ϷϷݵҲ̫Щ
ưɣͲŴ󷿻һӣ¶
ִ˽ĵͽУ̻ʺڶּϲ
ִҲᷳʺĸ˵ӷˣػؽðƷױҲǷúܡ
žͺܾʣػױ˸Ƶġ
ִ֪ԼױַãҲŷɣΪȼԵʣƵӦ꣬͵
ִƲƲ죬أԶͭһ֧ƵĲҡϡ
ʵڿۣ˴ϵ֬ϴȥ֬ɨüھеıһ˫ݡ
óģΪȻҲͬô
ִȴ߷ߵõգƽΪʲôϰң
ΪʲôҪû֦չȥˣǲԼԼҲʹô
󹬶Ů쵱Ȼ޷ЩɲС
ִɴۣ˼صƹЩ˶ʮˣ
ܿǲְɣ
ʼ磬ǼҲ׾죬˵иεֶأ
ƹػؿԼҷ˶һݣ˽϶ӻš˵δϡ
ִԭ׻ֳԷҶʶһ࣬ϼ꣬ԼðԼ
ʣµϣִڵ㻹ҳŶˣ˭ҲƲݣȻҲʡ˲鷳
ǾЦ˭֪ŤͷͿȻģѽôû뵽
Ҫִͷһ֬˹ȥҵ÷ֱУõָԼ˽
ҪôɣͶ̥ȥŮ˶ͷҲֲӦóСɾȥǲŽ뻢ֻЦЦ


64 .  ν   һһĸģôô
, ֹ֣ǰִǴӦʺ⡪ʵ, ̻ʺƽãƽӵԵ, ʺ󲢲С
ս󣬿³̼ⲻԼľ, ˭ͬһϡ
ִԼ޷ĮģʺҲž֮ˮԭ, ݣǾ
ҲΪ, ̻ʺǰڣûǲĸۡ
˵Ե£µ˼, ȥɽΧ, ʱӵܶμӣⲻˡ
ҪãѾ֪Ȭ, ǳ˶Ӳɨˣ
ִȴ֪ӵģ˵볣죬²㡪ʱѱ˳һƥοҪ滨εĽ࣬޷, Χи
ִµǳ˳ЦһǿʤҪͷʣŪ˱ѾͲˡ
һҪȥô
̻ʺ֪ǣԵѺͱ˵ˣʱ˳ͺãġ
ִŷġ
˵ǰĵƹе㱾£䲻ʱůﾹҲĳⶫ￴ʡ
Ϊġ̻ʺϵãǰ¹Ƶģ¹԰ڣ̻ʺΪȻҲȥһҪֻҴҿ۱Ի
˭ִ֪ȴֲһģһģŮ˲𡣳̻ʺĿˡ
ɽʺ밲Ҫݼ¹ģͷˣûѻʺԺҲù˼֣鷳
ң𱰷Ҳ¡
Ǳ뷨ʺ˭֪ɲɵĿɫĵʱüһͷִ͵Ķ軨׷ֺӡ
νʱͬգõӷˣԼȴػһ͵檣˭֪ʺƫĸ
ֻѹǻ񣬡ʺ򰲡
ɡ̻ʺ󵭵¹Ķϱʵûʲô˵ġ¹вϣŮѾţע
΢΢Ӳ
˰Ҳûȵ˷裬Ȼ֪˼ҲƫߣƤЦⲻЦضִҲˣϡ͡
ʺƵġ
ʵִ᲻֪ڹĴʹĿڶ࣬ʡʮҲȥһأѴ÷з
ӻܴӡ
ִЦ˴˱˴ˣ¼ãԼҲϡ͡
ڿ룬ֺ׼
ͷѪָ׼ǶҲֻŬֱͦ㻹һڽڶг硣
ĻһתֻȴҪʺΪβԼĶҪ˵أ
˽軨ƹҪִͿȡãʺ͡˲Ҫ޵С
ִЦ˿ڲ裬ֵÿɤð̣õ˼軨ԭУ
ȻԥصͷԼʯֳ̨Ķôϴִ͵»һ֪ĻΪ˼ԩأ
̻ʺ΢΢üȻ֪һ軨ֶϱƷģ檣ɭϣУĪҪſڴƻƣ
ִʺʲôԻʺ۾ˣߵףްԣɫĵ͹УţھͿ֤
˵գûīػ޵ĵһ꣬Ÿ·ϲбô
ĵȷȷܺߣѵʺܰײ
һʱī軨ȡգȻһģһӷˣ㻹ʲô˵
ִζãȷô
˵գǰĵת˸ʹ䴦ͬһˮƽϣ㲻ٿ
ˣʲôϷüȴֲò࿴ۡ
Цˣִڵλãǡӭɴ͸չ⣬ʱĵʮһɴףһֳǳǳĶɫ
һ崿һ欣绨ˡ
ҶƬҲϸ΢ĲһԵƽһϸ΢ľ״ִΪʲôָأ˵ˣԼһ׷ᣬڵͥ
ּĶŪģ
Ȼƹ񡣡ִĸ꣬෽ԣ㷱ܳɹŲǵһѡȻһΪĶƹˡ
ţûʯ̨İôֳɫĵִдǣ˱͹ƶˣѻſڼ
ĵʵڵģĪִҲõһĻԵôˣκóӵĲҲòˣ˵ɺϣɺϣ
ԽĻţ˲ϴʻҴҸʺǱ뿪ˡ
̻ʺҡͷ¹۹˲ˣŮҲػó
ִЦ˭֪أԼͶԵա
⵱Ȼ䲻ʲôһ֮ģ֪ڹеӲùԭĽǶȱһƪˬģӣŵóŰķչˡ
*
죬ȴǦȣȥ밲
Ȼ¹˲ϼֻſڿĸͷʹ˻ȥǡ
ͷ̸Ц̲ס̴ӣ˭ͷ
̫ǰѲڵĺӡ
޷ֻûīץ˰ѽӸСЦ빫ҸԣҲѧЩʡü۸ߵ͡
𽵹صʲôˣý̽ӣﵱȻûռ㡣
ȻǲóӵǸô˵ΪĽķǣǰ˺һ˼أʺֲűʵڲף޽Ŀ¾Ͳִˡ
䣬˭֪ӭһ˲·ײ˸
ǲõѾͷͨ
ʺжȥױΣͷ˲ϲ˭֪ȴᱻ澡
Ȼպˣ漴мƻЦػϣðĸĸˡ
Ȣ޵ģԣ檡
˼ңҲԸ˼һһĸģôô
ǵʲôù𿪣
ʲô


65 .  ı   ˵õĳ̼ʫ˼أ
˱Ȼĳ, Ҳֻ£ܸǷأ
֪ͬĿ, ҲŹͬĵˡ
ǰһ˵С, ֪Գ
δ꣬ǱݺݵطԸ̴ӣ죡
¹ߵ, ЩɣС㡭
ѵԻﴫȥô
һҲԣʲô, ƫҪСǵĶ󡪡Ī˵Ѿɼңû, Ȼ߰ĽĵⲻǴļ̤СĹô
޳ɣԸһһҼĸ첲Լ, ⡪˴м, ΢Ƥһ£ʵʹ
ӱǶѵˣòʹ, ģľ仰˵òٵǰŮˡ
ǣֻʱһѵܺԼ죬־, ȥҲǿһ¡
֣Ŀˡ
ûûأɵǹˣҲ˵ʲôֻװ£Сҵӣ
̾ɲǣݵƢ̷ʥݣ֪ôأ
ڶ¡
ػ㼱æûīȼȪˮȻЩνСϣңýùϧǱ̫Ȭĺá
˭֪Ϲûü״Էȷˣ˵ðС̣⣿
⻻˼ˮɫȹԳ˴ĺ죬˭֪ڱ״ò
ǲ鲻ԸصԭһƬģĸһ֮˭֪ĸƫ顣
˵ʲô°ˣƫУʶ̧ٵĴģõһϹؿչ롣
ȥɣճ̵޷ô
ôЩһӣ̲סǿδأɽǰ·ͷȻֱĸĻ£þͳ˽֡
ոսһ׮ãпոģ㻹ôةฮ˼ңǶȻ檵ġ
Ȼ֪Ļˣ»λС̲׺񣬿֪ةฮ࿴棬֮ŮҲûµĵοǵĸǼ⹫谮һλλﴵͷ磬Ҳܼ޵̫
ұ֤ĸܳΪأ
˵Ȥ˻⣿
٩٩λƢˣﻹǿӲʮֻҪ跨ĸ̹ӴߣţòŹţ㱣׼룬ʱӷ˵λò˳ڳô
ЦҲóϵУϣкηӣ
г񣬡Ǿ͸ˣһŮҵĹȴֲ϶为̼һھôֻʺﶼ
۾λĸǷзˣܶĵ̼ң൱
Ϊ˳һʱ֮ķӣδ̫ðЩЩɡ
ͻ𣬡¿֪ةฮĸأ˵ǰ̳衣
ڰ֣Ҳûʲôˡ
һݣڹԭ㲻ʲôϡ£йֶͬһأƻƣڼǰûʲôòġοȥ꺦ǳ˽֪Գ飬΢Щ˼ҶҪĶȥ
ĸ˲á˵ʵͲø¹ҵʡλԽԽ꣬Щ⣬޲ʡЦҪգôôԣ̬¶Ӯ˼Ҳ㡣
ڳңú󹬵½סڳŷʩչơ
ΪȻаջȴһĸ֮ٵ»أ
ӹȻӲһ˲ȴ޶ԣƿСΪǡ
Ѿ׼ߣȻʹĵطȥҲ˵´ִӳҲϡ棬ֶƫӵġ
һתŹĴ׻˰ɣةฮԣĸӵǻֻҪҵѪһС˵Щ
ǶԹ˵ٳ̻ʺһɴУԼ˶ʲôƿԣ
ĵڳĸ󻼡ǲõġ
šŵüĽɿ㿴Űɡ
вõĻᣬȫȨٰ졣
һĨ΢Ц檶
˵գס֣ˣƫЪ°ɣ檻ú÷ġ
ԼյֻԷ½ȥջ󣬺ܿס嶯
ȻˣҲǸŮˡ䵱ͷʱ
乾һ£Ĭ顣
ʱһصǰĴݺţܵǵҲʲôˣ֮һٳͷûƽΪִ̣ʲôҲǣҪԸ練ơ
ǣɹ޽̼ңҲİȴǱڸļįոһյľԼôһѱǽ಻ò£ʲôʹô
һҹѵ˸Ρ
*
תִ֮ͳȥͣҲò¡أŲʢᡣ
˵ǽΣشЩĹҲعͿ֬Ĩۡºܿͻɹġ
ִǰһװ˿ȴһƣһԵ÷ԳۡΡ
̬ƫ֣ƾйŮֽƬģ͹͹ððɫصˣͻг𡢿ڽѡ
ǸӵܣƼִװˣҲЩڸ֮С
ȻûڴӦԼˡʲôҪ˿أ
ǰȰȣ㴩ˣǻ°ɣΪѰ׺õĳ
ִ᲻֪Сžţ޷ռɫʦȼ֮ͿˡҪһָԵŮˡ
Ҫ˽´ƣֻ³Цúϲ£ء
ִǰһŤͷҪߣԲȥ
򣺡
ܾŮķƢԽԽˣǴô
ŶƼСһǰһȴŸ˭Ҳ˭ִǸϲεĵֶϱºʺá
ִ˵ļŻʵۣɳѯǹҴӦ¡
ȴ΢΢ãģΪβԼȥɽΧòԶ·ܽ˼𣿡
Ŷ˵ֲ䣬ѵȥҡֶôˣǹӶƵģ˵
Ҫúýѵ䣬γһˣλҲȷˣпգɨɨԺҶѵÿа˸ˡ
ŶˣЩӸɵĻʲôˣ
ϧйԹǶĿ˵ķޱѼųŶһԣ۾ͷΪ
ôЩƷ˵õĳ̼ʫ˼أŶͷһκڵ޹


66 .     ȡ衣
ȳ, ִһЦ㷽˵ãҿָؿˡ
ԭΪԼ͹, ˭֪ҲضáѹֶһۼƵģ޲ء
ȻҲ֪ǰΧ, ƾŶ粻֮࣬µੲݵ硣
ǰʾл
򵭵޷, ֻǿյġ
ô˵ȴִӿʱ΢죬Ҳӹһ˿ײĻҡ
ִź֪, Լظյ̫ѹˡ
Ȼװе㰭°
ֱִֻ, һûһ˵лŶˣعںá
ɼϲˣʺĴҲǺбҪġ
ΧŽ, ɻʹءЩƶ, ԱִȽȥһ˿η
ִʵܳô
һǰ߶ӣӦúʶòŶԡ
¶ɫĵŹжұȽϤɡ
ִû룬ԼǷڱȥ밲ԵʡҲʵڽ
ʢ, ҲˣԶԶر㳯ִ֡
ִֻñǸһЦȹȥ
ŮϯбϯȻǷֿ˵Գ״ִҲûʲôǲ뱻ȡЦ̫ᡣ
, Ƥʵܱġ
ޱ飬㡣۽ȴ˲һֻ޹Сá
ֿģǵӦִ֣¶࿴һ۾ͻæ϶ñڵķСܶȥ
Ȼʲôתӳóһɻи潴ǰõģ俾á
֪򰮳ʳȻøĿζЩԼͦͻˣġ
ĬĬŹɣ㲻ô⡣
ײִٻӰЩԹ㣬ôҲңô𲻿
ִ˵־طףֻ±ѷ֡
ڰֻûһƲֻЩƤðλδɩɩˡ
˿ľʵ̰ͦģԸȤţ㣬ĲɣʲŴӵôһͷ¹ǻģȥԷúأ˵ǰļףܱӱ񡣡
˵ֱȻʾۼΪʵ١
ִδʷ飬ȴҲ֪żʣɴܵΪǰΪԼҸͷʲôնѽ㸹ѽ·ү壬һоͱ˳ˡ
ְϷҲֻúɵӣδù̩ۺڴ󳼡Щ£Ҳȷʵþ̩ۿԼĳ⡪㿴ǸТͯۡ
ִĿȾɫİ¹ȥʺ밲ڣ
˵ָ̻ʺ¹ڲִ࣬ЦСˣÿÿƼ㶼أ
ִʵͦ¹ּ˵ı£ԼļһﶼЦӭɼɴ߶̡
Ҳֻӯӯ°ݣμʺ
ȻƳ¹һŮֱԼģ粻ƹ澣ô˭Ů죿
¹ˣڴЦλá
ִȻ򣬡Сá
΢΢еΣ֮ǰ˾͸˵ΪżȻ˳һ棬Ӵ˻ǣӣ鲻ѣȫֵǷꡪ˵ʵڵģִܻԸųϢ˭֪Ϊ˭˼
Լȳ̼Ȣ˭֪ҵĳ϶ʵ̫ǵҳɿڣҲûиһƬ˼ϰ͸ִȥˡ
ѹǿĿ΢΢ӣִĳЩȵ׷Ůѷۡ
óû׵޳
ִţߴ峺ɤˮʺ󣬼
ǵҲһ˲ȴڿ˽ŵֺٿȻȥ
ִеҧгݣġ
ǣǹ⡣ƽ˵ҾҪ⾩УӴ˸Ҵҵ⡣
ִʾȨô
ңԼҷжٰĽߣôһŪȴͷȶʸһ㡪ԩ
̻ʺ⣬͸źãĽͣʵжʹ졪䲻֪«ʲôҩΣ̼
¹ȴЩ۾СӻǶһҲֲŶûӱˡ
ִҫģ¹ⲻЩϻ߿ýЩŵľһ仰ǾóʱڳĺĺܹأΪηҪرӣЩԹ֮٣̫Цô
̻ʺһ
¹΢΢ʧɾ̩۶Լĸ飬ܵٳٶ࣬Ѱ˼ǱȲ˵ģʵҲһפ㡪ǵûʧ
ݣ¹Ѱִ鷳ֻٷǱ߻ġ
ƼԽܲסҴ㣬е㲻ȻӪЪϢ
¹֣ȥգ
մҲ̽һ³̼˵̬ȣ˳ġڼ¹ǲô⣬ýղμAſĶ࣬ʱϸѺʵģü޹ȥ¹һ׮Ҳˡ
ִŻʺлҳһСǶʯһʳִҲģ˭֪̫߳ˣȻԶ޵ʯѸ԰ɡ
ֱִܳڣæӹֵһƷ
ؿãȻ˾䣬˵ʯӶร϶кô
̻ʺۣ
ִЩúʯǺæƵˮһȥžЩͬʱֵؿ˳һۡҪҪôˣĺò
޹̯֣żȻ뵽ѡ
ִʵû취ֵıЦͷһɧ˵עųɹתƹȥ
ԭҲһװоǵһŮŮ֮ƣԴȥƵƵ֮ƴΪ½޽ػ£˲ˡ
˭֪һȴǻȻһ¡ԭľɫ綼̫ѿģ֮ǰ¹ӣӱ϶ѹȺ
ǣѲʽƣɫһģһ
Ƴִһǿ⣬Σײ£˭˭Ρ
ҪִʲôԼԡ
ִȻȡ裬ǰȥװļģֻĬĬ˸ֱ̫ͦ鷳վŶø첲ģҲúܡ
ŪǸģ۾ɵԲǣǵĿȴܳʵֱȥ
ٵͷǰƽԭòˣȡ衣


67 .     үѹϧ񰡡
װǸǵ⡣ӷûǰľ, Ӧﳤ̲ܶǣһƮݵɴȹܺӳĳò, ϵĶ̰塣
ӷƽ֡ս޲ʤ˵Ѿˡ
ִҲ֪Щʲôʳ, ǻǸˣû׼Ҳ¿ѡֶֺ, ȻȪΪǲڷСµģƽִһ, òġ
ִչˣ֪䲻ק, ÿļ米סˡ
Ƽˣɲ˹ۡ˭֪λʲô
ִɷǶ, ػַһλ, ƵϹˡοԭŮȽʼղ壬ܲһСҾ͸ʲŶԡ
ȻӭĹɫеֱŶ˲˵˿ĭ
ɫ, ãɫģֻĵתǸͷ¶мͷѾ׵ʣµģͿôڲˡ
Ȼ, ִյĴ磬ȷʵǰһ֮УɱϾԼ梣ϧô
ǰЦֲСһô
ƴȤĿǣȴƵóﻢ£ǲϣ䲻һǿˣƾˣܹӮʹʤԼҲóԿС
ִ³˼æͣβұ±ȥΪηǵøǼƽϣʤ֮䣬ʤΪЦң֪ǻ֮𣬳ɸƴȫǲ·ô
ڲԼҷвлֻס֣֮Ƶùò
һСӣԭԹʵһ³Ի֮ŮжٿڳݶٲŸɣӲµ
̹֪Ų飬ֻùЦţȥһĨɫСǲܣ˼¡
΢΢ǷҪִˣ˭ִ֪ȴѿǰÿԸҽһ䣿
Ƕʱ׷壬ӷ˿ǺøεۿˣҪһ桪ֵ˵һԶء
಻ŲæصԵΪ׳󡣡
⵱Ȼǫǣ˽ɲִȵԼһɹϲΪְɻģ˽꣬ģִǰûӴʱţѧüɣ
οʽսţ״ҲӶ䣬ԸŵӾͺá
Цйõ𣿿ҪҰ㰲ţ
ִȻܾˣʺԻ׼
ȻǷĲ£ֽšЩ롢ƶ̵Ĺ£ڹżʡ
ɫ˽òſֱӵֶȡʤʲôˣ
ǹҧʶġ㲻飬Ǿɡ
һ˽ƽչ߳˵ƥǣһɫųȻһЦģҲԸ͡
֮⣬һжִԮҲ޷
ִȻаģ֮Ķαǣˣʤ֪ǡ
ݸǺãīүȥЪϢ
°˿һҪ֪Ǻáǻء
ִλýЩŹ֣Ҳֻ³ɻīӣ롣
ΧһȦԾ糱ˮ˿˳ַӵĳءŮ֮֮£ڴʷϻǺ
λС֮佣ţʮĻ-ҩζһжȸԾѣǰľʡ
ɼһҲǲضõġ
һʱƥ͵ִҲǣˡ̻ʺ̫ｻˣλС㵽Ϊֹɣʢᣬǲ˼Ѫĺá
˾㹪ǡ
ԼģȻΣִˣкɣ㼼ˡ
ʺΪִҲģ̫ѿɡĿһתһƥɫĿĿƵػһ˿ʺޣǴ֣Ƕþɲżһأ̻ʺȴĵعִ֡ĵƫȥ˰ɣ
ִ鵭ֻʺ̴ӵл޶
ֱ治ƷӣġΪж͸սԭ޷ˣƤӹˡ
˸̨ȭЦ㣬Ҳѧ¸עΣ
ִƤ΢̧Σ
Ծ˷ܵĻ⣬ʤˣͰӻ
ǳġһң빬ǣȺӣô㣬ʵЩ׽⡣
ϻᣬ󵨵
ִԥУأ
˼ĵұʣµǼз;ׯ㡣
ĵƣֻܹעһȻǲġ
ִʱв¶һЦӰȻ޷˵ֻʺˡ
Ȼеģѵǰ֮һֱڲ׾ִȷʵ䣬Ҳڶʱͻͽǿտڴţ뻣Լӳˡ
ҲᱻСסЦһݵؿ
̵ִģβųɹȥҡҡ׹
ģǴţԼˣ⸱ģƽʱװŮˣδ̫Щɣ
ǲΧģֻһ죬۶꣬ѱ˳ޱȣ֮޼䣬ִɸ壬޿Ӯ
˰̣ŵҲ볡ˮҲȲʤȯ
ȻһϢĹ߱һӰִīɫװȵؿϣﻹаԭȵ裬-µĿűϢӻر
ôᡭӶӿбĳʵ̫˼ִԺȻտͷԭİĿҲĻɰ
ʵִһʼɬȫװģǰȻһȴӴأһΪһͷϤζҹеѵأҲ㹻ǿûеëʹٻ̸ֽҲվá
ۿִһͷīڷ˿߸ױһλò˶ñִܵյ㣬ǰ಻סɰ֮ġ䣬һȫˡ
ƫƧûע⣬ĴȡһָһЩ۳ȥ
ŷƣζܿ촫ǰͷִµĴ̷ԣӣϢҲҪִȥ
ִϣѥͲͳһѩذףݺݲڿྱϣʧѪݿˣصڵϣִӹһ١
ôûˤأź䣬֪µ˰ӣȻżѪζΪΣգԴ˵ָӡ
ƴսҲסûִЯذף֮£ֻúһģԾ£Źһֱֱ˸ײһûϻϣʱʡ
*
ŷϵʱ²ʡìͷ׼ִٷˣܷһͣ
ִ㲻µģѣͣ
ʲζǲľǹΪΪȡʤɵģֻܡ
㡭ޱջ𣬾ȴǰЩػ棬˵˺˺
ЦٷԲԩ޹δڳֻٷһˣһ˰ɡ
δ䣬һŭȣ˭ң
ˣϲԾش˴ô
ΪβЦЦǵ¾Ҹأ
һģֻû͸Żīȥʱ͵͵ιǱ裬Żȥǲǣӳīȴ֪١
һ©򱾲òµƻŶԡ
һ飬ȴȲǰִִԸҲˡ
ۿС˾ҪؼңȻȵӣ˹зôķɣԵ³飬˵߾ʹߣ
ĮȻҸһ֮ɷҲʥϵĿͲܴӼҪˣּˡĳʵ
˵գٲܹҧгݣԹԴִ
ִʣȴֻõһ䵭ġˡ
ִƺĿֻòٶ˵
˭֪ûһȴɫ죬ҲٿȻִ̽̽ͷ㷢ˣ
Ҫ³Ϊ򣬳ȴĸ첲£Ƿգ
ǡִҧʹѵģȻһ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ѲɣΪǱ
ģģ˸ţ·ǶԲǷָʹҩţΪɱˣôȴУ
ô̵ڵģöǿִæȥѣµֻϼ򵥵İ취
򼴱ǻȴѭƴƿУʱԡ
¼ȨܲôˣִΡΡ⿪¶ʵƽ̹С̶޹ǵḲȥ
΢ļϳȵӣ̻ͬը¡һǡת˲֮䣬ִĺԣĻƤϡ
ִδԹһʱЩ¶ĿѹǣʹԾӭĲ
ʱ޷Ƿɫޱߡ
ԴԶֵܸϳ쵽ſڣĶȴ޲ߣܾܲͣ°ɣƼүٷ˻ô㣿
Զ磬ƳǽתһȦɣ
ԴĬĬͷ
ټһǣ㹻ˣٲܣֻү츳Ρ
*
ҺǱҩÿȥҲ죬ųŶ˰ȦѴлָЩǣ֮ǰȲһе״̬
ִһһޣͷë˱˿ףüôоЩ
ѴѣϺˣ¶԰˭ֵ֪͵ɡ
ִ⸱ޱȵģʵ󷽲ŷϵĻͷҰޡ;߱ס
ºͽʱˡ
ִȴδϥǣΪʲô˸ҩ
ûѽɴû˵з磬οô˼ɫڣ˵Ҳֱܸˡ
һסϸף룬ΪةฮλĹ
ִһϵôգǿĸ
ף䲻֪ǹΪ֮ƣŮ˼Ҳҩ
ѹأǴҪٳһԵ䲻ùΪ˳ȫС̵ԸģʲôϵĲģִؿڣȴ¡಻һɰӣʧƱزܺ˹һǷãػ롣
ôţĴ·񡪡ҲΨϤԼƢԡ
ִסŮأ
Ҵˡ˵һµ˿ţڣͿԸԸλСˡ
ִ
һ׮ļı߷ڶе͸֪Ѳ·Ψлʵ۲ܾˣھ̩ǰƢʻһСвշĵ
¹ĸӱضýͷöһˡøԼ裬ҲؼҪǼ޳ȥ
⹬ǵˡ
ִһķ粨Ӳ˵֮⣬Ҫȵˮȴ˫ڳ
ִʲôֵ-
Ҫȹڷ£ȴ߳𶯡
̶һʹȴϸȥִϵˮݣϸϸϽҩִѥǼѪݱŪġ
ҪƲ˵һĵִۡû룿
-ޣ廨ţǶô
̧ͷɿƳһۣϵġ
ִżЯߵǸ˻ֻ軨׷
ģȻͳððʧʧƢȾŹ֡
óΪԼ࣬һ˫ĶеײЬִһȳһյ
óʱסŲڵ
ŶűߣֶָһҵʹԼҲմ⣬˭֪Ϳ˵Ƶġֶû˰㣬ֶϱȵë
Ŷ۾ȷԼûпһʱ䵹е㱣ѵԼˣûвϱֻ˵Ա𡪡˵ܵߵŮġ
ų첲̽Żһ䣬ֶϱ
򣺡óҩˡ
Ű첻ôͷأҲڰŮİɣ
Ŷˣʲô˻ǣ
Ȼȥ
ͷԴԶֵˮ̣Բɣţֶ̫̫Ϳֻ侳Ĳ÷¡ٷΪ߲·Ǳүڵôٷ˻漣ˡ
ɼүѹϧ񰡡


68 .     ̽ģ١
ؼ֮, 򵽵Щģ˻شݵĴΪִִ˽Ǽ, ûʹֻǲš
˵һа, ׷ʲݣȷôǻǴˤ˲, ܸаɣ
ִ⻰˵øƵġ
ŶЩζǹ˼ҵӣǲҽȻִȴܺЩ, Ķ࣬ͭƤأ
ֻ˵ӷǸ
ϴȥ, Ҫ̫ҽǰִæס, ʲô, ô£˾֪ң̫ҽػƫȥ, Ĳô°Ƶġ
ʲƲ̫ԶԶؿȥֻѪģǵúݺݵһˣ̿ˡɻ
ǣǵ⣬ճ
̷˽չŴһ, һ˵Ϣ㼱æϵִУ˭֪ȴֻ۰׷ϥϣϤҩ
ԼǸĶӣԽˡ̷ֻøʣϱûɣ
ִ³ٻͣæӦģҺء
̷ɤʮ㣬һŰЩ֣ŷ˵ǻٷǱµźû񣬼ûˣƣۣ
ΪϿ˵ԵʣֻΧ̫ɹִһӹǣЩ
һǾոշݹʹģִȴްĪվһŮսָˡսҲݲС
ҺᣬϢһûˡ
ȣ˳δüĿñƴ䣬˵Χ⣬Ҵ̼ҵ˰ִ̽
ִлУû£˵ˡ
˵ĵְͨ˴ȻѴ֪˵Լģһ鳤ż޽ʳ˴˲ݣһʱԣŵײϡ
ػĹٷ˵棬ȴ˰ŰɡΧһר˸ƫƫðҰڵһѵأֲϣΪβָӣƫҪЩꣿ
Ȼٲ鲻ʲôӱػԤȽ޽ϣ¹Ƿ˶𣬶ֻճ
ִҲֻһЦ˵͹˹ĸ飬Ϊ׳ʿ󣬰һжƵȥءȻҲ̫˲ݣΪػ棬ò»СС»ˣѹȥ
ڿǲдǰǰװ׵ˡ
Сĵ˿Ȳ裬ĵ˵ؿҪأ
ӵһͨûӰѾãڴ֮ǰоʦһ֮ƣ˼òԣ±ɱܡ
ִÿɷ񣬡δذɣ
λȪˮ֣㱻֦ǧٿףҲܸԭŶԡ
˵Ҳδȥ֪١
иԶ̫ҽԺϢ͸¶߰˷ֿɿ
Ц¹ĶϱԼָձ·Ϊˣҿ¹еæˡ
ԤϵòȻױܽߣȴ֪ʶ֮ȵ֪ԼȦףٻڣ׼֦ҶïǿôʵеҩԲ̫أǹ裬̩۸һӪʣźƵ۾Ͳȥˡ
һҹж̩۱Ϊˣ˵ǿ¹ӣ¹ֻҪð
*
ػУմӻ˵ɷҪһ˻ƣ£˿ݣµĶ֣ѵҪԩô
ЦԼʲô£ѵû
һʶѾ֪۵ɣȶֵΣִë𣬷ñˡӽԿô
ңִЯذף֪ı㵥ΪԼµƥѪԼҲˤ
ô붼ñ͸ˣమɷ򷴶ȰͣȴңôҲʲ
߷ߵ飬ҾԼ飬ͽ밲ȥ
¹ݷӣȫ¹뱣ճʢ˥Ҫ⼸ζҩġŮ˶׷ֹġ
סѱ¹ĻƱǡ
˭֪ȴΪĸпռ㣿æŸ˶أ
ˣૣײ֮⣬ĸˣ
ĺ⣬Ϊݳڲ壬أ˼ҲȻ챣񵹺ãƽ˸ѣңƣͣӵ
ʮ·ֻǳһЦδ񼸺Ƶûһ˿һľ
ΪʲôΪ£Ҳ޹ѽ֪Ƿ޶˶˻϶ϲȥǵģ
ȴһǣֳ˹ˣպ֪ж鷳
ԶȥĹԴ˸òʱ򶼲ץιģʲôָ
ˣΡΡһС⻨ͷܲĳªӣһĲҽУٶʡ
ػʱ
*
ִϵⲢôᣬҲˣطεΪۣҲûʲô˵ġ
ùĻʼٸߡ
ȴػĴ𸴲⣬һΪӱһǹԼƣŵϵڻĴʹӣռ䣬㱻ȵͷöòʵ飬ж˻¡
ִû뵽ôΪŴأʶôŹУ
ĵʵ۶вЬףʶѵٵʲôˣ
οҲǿĹϵǿ̼ҵĹϵ
ִ̾ΪҾԶüе˽õ֪ˣ»᲻ϲ
˭˵Ϊ㣿ĬƬ̣˵룬ġ
ǰԺ᷿ոƵƣ̷һΪɷ£һܾ߱Щס
Ȼɴ±Ͼ˻֮𣬳ȻΪУñµ֪Ϊ̼бƹ֮ӣ
֪ɷһѭܱġ
Ȼ˷ȴѵվڶһߣˣкãĵɫҵǶΪĹۡ
̷һ簮ӣҲû֮үܰæȰ䡣
˭֪ɷǵգƺΪ̷˲ˣ˻ô
庬Цƽȵĵʥ֮ӹǳ̼һֱ躹Ҳˣ¹̲辶ǲǱԸ⿴ġ
һֱΪ̩۲Ըǹڸ洢ټ̩ƵƵʼ֮£⵹óһ󵨵Ĳ²⡪̩۳ٳٲ̫ӣΪԸӢǣĳ̼Ҳܺܺõĸ
ϾƽҲֻǳ̻ʺףǱ׾죬̩ӦõģҲǳ̼˱̬ȣþ̩϶
̩ӵԳٳٲΪ಻ţУس֮㲻ϣʵǴ֮
⼸ۿţҲô̫㹣ôƽ׽ˣĿǹȰģλܿɻа֮գ
̼ǲܲˡ
գƽڴ󳯻࣬ӳΪʦ̵ʫڡһС
̩ȴմã䲻Уױ֮֮ͯЩֲ;󺣣Թ۸ѧʶǿܼ
ο̼ףʦٺò
̩۵گ飬Ƹְ屧Ϊɣƴǲܡ
̩۲Ϊ裬̵䲻صιߵĹְѵ磬ؾʦǡ̫ʱʦǽϴ壬Ҳé®֮ſ̬ɼݲµĿء
Ȼ̩۵´گ鲢ϸ֮󣬳Ȼ
鱭յƬ󣬡С̬ʾ͸ɱ
ǰƢ粻ΨֹϣֻڴͷӵĵǼ˵Ƣô߻װǻƣΪ׼˱ǳ̼Ұˣ
ľٶΪִ֣Ҳףװñ˭ߣҪǮȴǱΪ飬߻Щ˵ļɺүȥ
ۿ˷ŭȴûʲô˵ģȰգ²һƿСѣʹó̼Ұģмʮ깦ʤʹ·Ҳ׷ѹˡ
һù˳ЩĻһȳӣ̫ʦԾЦ
ҲôһͷǴĸ¹֣ٴݾ߷
οվҲֻЩα겻αֶΣ쵣ǸԴͷ֡ȵ˽ʮ꣬Ҳλˡ
ãնºıϣֻҪ̩ۻǸТӣͲȫʤ㡣
ѶǰЦ˵Щˣ㣬Ϊһֱ¾֮⣬ʲôʱſޣѲѧ䳯λˣ
ʶ˳ͷ飬佫֡Ϊʱ㲲ʥùݺύ˰̣
ѾԶģʣµıֻˣʹÿڿҿҵطȪЩ˺Ҳδеļ󡪡ù֪޷ԭأ
ֻѹסᣬŬЦ̫ҽ˵ˣ⼸շ˼ͣ»ǹɡ
Ҳǿ˼ͨҹﲻǲϾǸˣûΪĵ
ȻĳһλûҲǵüϲͻֵóȫԷ
ŰͷҲȥݺݳ˿ŵɷ׷Ķëأͬһѩ
*
ͷһְȻеţžеԼֿаɣ
ִЦͦÿġ
΢ÿʲôãʹϣ
ִһϮ£䴹ƮͷϻһڣôǹŻ߳ˣκʱķʿ˧͹ˣһҪϣδ̫ǿЩ
ҹԳĽţôģҲŻСӡ
ȻЩ˵̫ˣִֻΥĵĵͦɲģˣ»˯ž
򣺡ôŵ𣿵ҲأǶЦЦˡ
Ϊʦгݽִͣ룬Ǹϡ
ǣҶǣһ̶᲻ø̵ֿģȴĵʲôס棿
ִǣȥҪǮġ
ǷӵĵأȻֻȻ⣬ɰ͸ȡʤôҲġ
û뵽Լһᣬԭ˰ǮǱȰ࣬Ťͷ⡣
˵ʲôϵĻǱȹԻҪ
ҺԸֹСѾӦִ֣ԱŲŲ˼ḷ̌ӳģƭ˵ģҪ¡
û˵ȴĺ͸˶Ƶġ
ȵǰΣѾתŭΪϲݵĽŲȥΡ
ִҡҡͷǵϵģֻƤǸȥˡһܱ˵ħơ
Ӣ۰ͷִ߽ػԹʮŮҲϵҪʩִЦףӺڣ
ŮʱüϡҲƾ˼ãùʱŸժ͸͸˭ִ֪ɣԲǰ
õôȫװôִֹԷһƢֵҲûöô
ֱ˵⣬ҽΪǵĶľ֡
û뵽㲻Լõˣʱðɣִʲô˼û꣬㻹ҪǮ
ʤΣִߣҲٱһû
ͬڶ֪ˣԣǴ뿴ЦôǶ񶾵Ůˡ
ԲԸĪ˵鲻ʹǿӦһ紵ͻ¶ݣϲԼݵϢй¶ȥһ
Ψ䵭ܾҲӦģȥɡ
ִ̾Ϣðɣǿֻнöҽʺˡ
ʲôңһʶȵȡ
ִ΢Ц
ԭǶʰôѹеŷѡʹٲ鲻Ըɰѱ֣ҲֻδױѰŵҲĲԴ㡣
ִ֣ÿһŵǧ𡣡
ʹҲֻܹﳤȥ̽ģٵģ
һʱīͿͻ㽹صӣôǵˣ
ƣ룬ʹͷô죬ұʰȥһҷ롣
ڲģīض㣬ոһعеҺﶼˣӷ˲ҵ֤ݡ
Լֱ˸ˣˣһѪȻأ˹ȥ


69 .     ŮһӴ磬ȴѹ
ִʵû߶Զ, ػĶȻüȴȥ̽ӡʹεҲ, ֲβȷе˵ֻ΢Щ˷֢, أǰ㷨Ҳûеġ
Ѿ, ִٺλ۶ɢ, ûİ㣬ʲôҪȥ˼ҵƨɣ
ɨǰѩˡ
ִȻһԷβ, ˭֪ȴӭæһʩ, ¡
Ǽ־, ֻ˵ƱǷֹȷһר̵̽ӣһ͹ģ£Щ, Ϊӵϴô
ⲻɰЩ˹֪ٷһζţİԼ
ִָλֻǼŵƼ, ˬԿϲ΢΢ЦҲ̧̫ٳˣ֮嶼ŵûţһˣȻع˼θڣʲôʲôˡ
ΪԷöԼ֮⡪һӣϥ²ҵֹǧʲôΪӸȥ̫Сô
˵Ի·䲻ͬһƵϣȴشɹͨ
Цܺã̼Ϊǹֹٷ˻ȥӣƣȴ¾֮ԸѴˣ򣬵ۣһźδ¿ɵ𡣡
ִǺܶΪΪλֵɱڣóвƱؽ̼Ҳˡ
ҲգȻ˺νάֱƽִٶʩһ˫УŲӯȥ
Ǹеɫġ΢ӣǳ̼ҸĵŮӳҰţηǰɫԴҲмֱ¡ȼǸǺöˣһ⣬ľӴ˲ҳţԼࡣ
޷Ƥʤһˡ˵Ƥ࣬ǰûִò˭֪ΧһƳȻ衪ֵ˵壬̼ҵмֱ£ܰһĴֲѾͷ-̵ˮ㡣
ճ̼°ܣ᲻һɱˡ
ȻīҴ²ˣεˣ
մǲ˵ЩôЩͷϧǮ᲻Щ˲ѣֻôձҲǰТ˻ػεءֵ¹ǰɥǣԭĸ׿̣۹⻹ǲġ
īӴףԭ˵㾫񣬿ɷӷһ֡
ô˵ǱִģƽʱͰͬ飬ɷżִһ棬Էȴоֹ߶û˵ʲô˵Ǹ仰ܲסã
˿̺޲ʱ⵹¼һ׮Ļ£ȻȢţΣҲֻε̫ҽɣ͹ȥơ
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̻ʺز⣬ӹԿ֮ﰵﲻ֪ʾ˹ٻأǸֻǲӦ˭֪Ϊִڴ˵㡰ҸͶ𡱣Ҫ۳
ֵ˵Ӣѹ˹أеǳһŭΪգ̻ʺٿִʱмĽˡܵˣиġ
ִԼλ֮ĸֻۣʵǰҵͷأ
ôҪȥ̻ʺЦ
ûУֻǹƣˡִ˷һȥթҲʺĽ״ѱ˳ȻһʱԲɴҲǱ£ֲ
ִ˻Ǩŭ¶־Ͳˣ˼þһ
̻ʺ϶ŮǸģģѾõҽΣµġ
οǣһ׮󰸣̻ʺԲʱ֤ƥõ֤ҽںıǻ﷢Щ쳣ĩ̻ʺҲ˽ؽϴ̩۵ʱû˵ʲôϾʼ棬ǳӣ֮Թʵ۵˼ģЩֽ֮ţǷ͸ˣ
벻Լ檺ݺݿһѣȻҩֱʣڹ˿Ƿһ壬˭
ִƺŲ裬ŹʲôʱѧúͳһȥȻнҲߣɼ˳ģܰǰװִԾͰԼŵ˰ҳλϡ
ǵһԼҺ׶԰Ϊ˲ġ
һѲδ꣬밲
£ִҲˣǷ²ѣиˡ
̻ʺ֪ǶιϸȻǴԣ޷粻ˣĽִȻ㡣
ǻ˻֣ȥա
ִŵʱǡǴ˸档˵˷ϲ¾ˬȴϲɫʢװͷʻԻͣӲ԰׵ѿ촽ʮָ÷ǳĨ˹֬ѪƵġ
ڹ㲻öߵλִ֣ᳯʩһ
΢΢һ˫۾ȫϣȿʵۻϸЩ
뿪Ʊ̲סؿڣӷŹ˵ģ
ִǵľ²гˣƫ빬Ǳȣ̩γңǸʮͷӣʱÿԼڸǰơִһʲ
ԩͷծ޵ٲ⣬ҲȥҡִӣǷǲ֣ӲҪǨŭԼͷϣִ಻֮֮
뿪޳˭֪ǽų̵죬겻ɢػٷ
ִֻͣкֳֻ̻ʺڿͣǸʰԴ׵ģȥýúѧѧزźأ
ƤЦⲻЦصٷĲһӴ鷿ǻһ˵˵ء
ִ
ëɣһ첻
㿴ˣǾҲģһԹһԳְֺޣ˵ĳȥϻʵ۵֡ȻʵҲࡣ
˵ıԶܺȻһԩľ͸ˡɵϣ˵ԼϣȻѡԼ
ִȻˣʵ֪Ǳɣ
һͣæǳˣл
Ƭ̵ıɫӡִ֤Ĳ룬ݳ˵ҩζѿŹ֣УҵĲ֮أΪةฮܳ谮Ů᲻֪أ
ΨһĽͱ˳ƶΪͶɻ
ִ̾ˣǿŤĹϲֺαعڻأ
ǿȴûаиеֻǿҵĲʣΪʲôԸίΪˣŮ˻ִҪΨһϣ
ֻҪ˵һ仰ͺãҲڿغ򣬲ձ˼Ŀ
ִóӦֳϣֻȥǵĴϾ֮ǰδʲôˣִ֪Ϊ飬Ըĸ֣ʹһȴͶұҲҸġ
ǵǸ겻Сۣⷬ۾һ죬ˮᰮҵģûԹ֪᣿
ƾòĲ飬ǾͲԼǰˡ
ִǸЦˣֲǹʽ飬˭涨Էһ㣿ڸһлرֻڱͻкøУʺһԸ
ִҲʲô鼦ĸ˵˵ˣԷܷÿ컯ɣҵһ䣬ӲΣǽմᣬ»²ϲʱʧ֮ǡ
ۿа֮⣬ʧʲôĳѵ±˿˿öȣ
ִЦȻᣬ׾˻Ǹóἰ绳ϸòǣһ˾͵ܿˡ
֮⣬̩˵ֵ׳꣬вƣеϦԦ죬ûðζأ
ӵҵة࣬ҽǹٷļ¡
ִЦֱ۵ףŵùá
лŭȵã
ҡִװģһҾΪ˴㣬òȫ
Լ梵ƢǵȻ˭Ϻǳִ󵨣ʵмֻ̿֡¹Իʵ۵Ȼаģ򲻻ᶯԴףͬʱҲζŮ˻ž޴ĵ⣬ʵۼݱ¹ȨЩձܳ谮ǻδأοԼãȴ˵ȱ֮٣ֻ¹ĺ˭
Ҫ벻׸Ψһİ취ֻо컳һӣȥأô꣬ؿ˭ɫӡ
鼸ãָ֮ǰĲ԰侲ǸϧˡϿɹ۸ߣˣҲˡ
ִʵͦˣܱȴŰֱ֮µĺáȻǰǲ˼档
ǳǰ˹֣£иˡ
ˣǵ˻ûأ
ִЦϻۣ᲻֪Ը˭ҲΪԼѣ޴ˣΪ˼޹Ҳԩúܡ
˵գǷȥ
ȴҲòִ˵еûػǼ澣ΪԼķӣ㺦һưɣǼưոݡ
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ִؼң˯˸ȵƻ跽
ָųѹ͵
ִԼ๻ǿôһһէģŹ֣±ߵ˴ţ
ֻһָͷסʲôɾΪʲôûң
ִŶ˶ֱۣȻʹ̣ѵǴ˵еĵѨ򣿲Уһѧʺ޸֮ġŮӡ
һóɿһ˵ʵ顣ȻģײǣٴȥδⲻǣֻΪϲߡ
ɫЩѿ˵Щʲô
òᱳҥڰɣװףһв̤ʮƷ´ء
ִЦƾ⸱ٴеģ˵ʲôҲ᲻ơ
οһΪôˮأִҧӣָɰҺͷ޶˼£ڳݲĵûʲô̸һȰأ
ҲȥˡȻȷʵΪãҪǣϣܱƵڧ¹Ǿϣֵģ̻ʺ޷к࣬ӵķֻԽҪܼ⻢ѹ
ðָǽľᣬҲͷմŰ޵Ŀˮֻ̾룬ôԼ
ңִĪݵ㣬ϣԴֵһŵĿ飬ʲôģ
㲻ҲҪô
ִ
ǣúõô˵ͷˣż޹ð
Ȼȷʵ˵Ԥʩˡ뵽ʱҽˮƽִȻԸĿǰѷúܳˣŮӾͬڹŹһˣ򲻵ѣǲԼȥðյġ
ڳǷµЩ±գǲܣִҲǿ˵Եֲȡ
תŶ˾֮ǰٰߥִסּ磬µͷȴԼæǰæ󣬸̷˱Ƶġôˣûֺ԰ڣͬͬ£ɣ첻ã͸ó̷һ˵ˡ
ִҹֻ˳һӣŶ沣ӵöѰ
һ˸̥ɵﵱգǾƾذڳһҺģִҲ͵ѧɩϵģźϲˡ̷ƽǲҪصģ⣬̫̫ڳִٲùԹ̡ܽ
ȥʢĹ򣬷ִҷ̫̫Ͷ̫̫㿴Ŵ㹻ˡ
ִǸмл
ȻҲ֪жѲǱңƢһСִ˶ӣԺԲҪȢŵΪϱ
⵱Ȼƫкö˭ж̫̫ӡ̫͡
һЦ˵ˣȥɣٳЩָ̫̫˵Ƕˣ
Լȶһ̫̫ɽҩȥ÷ס˼ҵ졣
ִ;λɩɩͦ˼ģϧŶ˲ϸɷǾࡪЩŵӲúʱͷ
Ը̷ܺЩա
ִź̷˰跹̷˾ͲҪæˣԱȥִͻݣ룬֮վߡ
ȴĸ׵ĺӣۿǰһ㣬ִ֪ԣͷβҪ͡
ִ۾ˣֲøֻܸɿţ˭֪Ŀٿת˸䣬ִ
ճԵģĵ
ִȴǶȤζͥǺݺÿӴͷ·ǳǷĿ
̷˵Ȱ׿˳־磬Цǰϡ
һԵķĵɬʱ⣬ǰҲй񡭡
㱼䣬´Ҵҽ̫̫үүүˣ
үȻָȥѧĴү
Ŷϲüæ㱻Ӱˣ졢
ʱִλѾõĳ̷̴٣ͳһ縵ۡٱ΢˵ḡ֮ɫ
ҲȷʵḡŮһӴ磬ȴѹסٵĶ֫ķ
룬ǰˣ᲻䵽ķϡ


70 .  ̽   ̫̫ղ£ľ񷴵𡭡
·ͻȻ, ʹִΪϲƽֳȴûС˵ķݣִֻͣ, ǰŷϸ첲ɩɩҿɫ̫, ҷطЪЪɡ
·ϵʹɼҳ󲻿οɳ, ӮҲûȤ
ӷϵ鿴ԼŶˣŭ, ϴ˿̸ĵǱˡñط꣬˭⸱⾰˶ƴˡ
ۿ˳˻, Ŷ˷˿ִǸµģùǶ桪ִ֪ΪϿ, ֻԷԼ, мּʶ
ҪѼ仺գүȴİ𣬡ʲô˼, úõļ磬ӲҪʹô
̶үԹ粻棬κã̼ŷҲ֪ԼǸ̰ЩֻҪֳ, ôãȴˣǴ󵨣
Ůӵķ̬ƺҲˣǽ̷˾и輧ݺ֮Ůô̼Ҵţ
̶үҲ˵Ƣðѻ˵ҪôŮҪôԼҲˣ
Ŷ֪ɷϧӣ˵óõģ᲻áӺò׻һˣѲȥס͵ꣿûĵү
ȻջӲкͽڣŶԻ̣ȻðæڹȥЦүĪţʲôԵҲ˵
Ըү˱ƣԸȴ첽ǰͿʲô²ܺúǸŽӣλסĶʲôɣ
ֻԹŮӺģߥ޷ңƹŶ˺޲ýǧУ֮ǧ˵ĴԼҶûа㲻׵ġ
Цøտڣƴϧ񣬴᲻ðɣ
Сӣ˼ҳ£θںˡŶ־ؿʹ޲ÿ쵶ն飬Ÿʲôѽ
̷㻹ϵĻȴ쳣ִǲϽݺݺͽһŰɣ
Ŷ˼εôˣһɵҧݣ֣㻹ҪЮ
Ǵ棬û׼ѷסŶ˵ǲںϣں̼ҼҲѽ
Ůӻһ˵ưŶ˷Ҫūʹ̷ȴæݺݺ󣬰ҵĵݺݺУҵĹˣ
Ŷ˵ֽڰգҲ̱־
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ϵױʵûôһֱסνĪѹʱ򣬿޶޲
ִŮˮΪϴ棬ҪĲױû̿԰ɻ˼
ʲŹŷǼϵģԸҲûô÷ƽһȣʢ뼦ˣҲع˼ʲôأֻܴñǡ
ûʲôθڣִһ⣬ǿЩԸ絶ʣȴοִ÷ģûµģǸҶѣ̫̫š
̫̫䳢檵Ŀͷҹ֮ǣѷ˭һ˿հ졪ֻغ̼ҵ档ôһǸļͥ
ο̫̫λ̫̫ʲôûЩŮӵ±үǻءƾݺݺﴩôأķɧǲزסģļҵݵ
ִŷһ뷹վԺִ֣⣬ڸȳȥ⻨ڵĶнˡ
Σû
üݵҡͷŶ˽ˡ
ִǳԾûѽһ಻ɰӣôŮӽš̫̫Ҳû˵ʲô
ɫΪˣûݺݺУ̫̫˼ó̼Ѫ䣬ܵõº˵
ִһȻôɣһиģ˸ʢļ壬ĻѪ̼һƫòᣬ󷿾Ͳ˵ˣԼţķҲֻ˸Ů̫̫Уӿֿ˰ɡ
ǶԷ˵ȴѩϼ˪ĴִôΪãԼȳˣãü
ִڹȥɿͶ˵ɫѾϤУ̫̫̾׼ɽշǲǣ
ִҪͣȴԤлҪö֣࣬Цö˵˷ĺӣƾôధ̫̫ĸӦġ
űլ˵ֱɣɱǣ㷽ϵĴϻ۲ڼκһˣҲֻܱȳĥѡ
ѽеķõøɸɾƺΨ˲ܲȥЩĵ£ãģǸҶѣҲƽϵģʹ˺ӣ̧ΪһΪĸ˿ڷʢеҲԽԽã˵ǲǣ
ôÿΪҪ͵͵أ
ִŷӲЦݣȻ̾ɩʵЩʱ˲Լǰ۵ġ
յķϣյĴϴεǶƵıѣҲ˹һǻ顣ִӻԾִ֧Ϻ룬ԷϣȴֻѡԶ޹ģϥи׵Ůڴ˵Ҫٵ̫࣬ҪĴҲȻ
նǰԵִҲһѣЩǰԼڡ
ʮһ׮飬ִˣԸĻһˡ
ִ֣Уɩɩʲôʱˣʲôʱҡ
ϿȻȥӰס
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ͩԷִĬĬӣŰοȥˣʵԼҲûԱ
ŸõĶ˭֪ͿһŽͷозһֻ˶ռ
ִϲ۷Ź⣬޲ñһڣʳʱսʤ-òҲθļʡɫɲ޷˵˵ѣ浱Բܵġ
ץżȿУ͹⣬аҷ˵̬Ψҡͷ̾ϢȻߣαǿԼĸױҲЩ
ϯִŽƵʿˮģбϲϲִΪίȫһӣָԼˣʳɷѰŮӿɱȡ
óѧ˸ԣ͵͵ӳЩ棬Ҳȥ˶Թ
ִҲҳģһ۵µĶϱվ͸ñ˸ˣɩǰͻݣø̻ŮӼҵûվ㿷֮޸֮ˡ
Цóִѵóһشף֪ͦˣ֪Ǹ̻Ůӣ
ִ浥߽кƭûһͷôѴأȴϵһ̵ĺӣ˻ʲô
Ц˵ǸˣƹҲδʮֲңͶҲû˺ӣĶĶȥɩɩġ
ִƲ죬⻰Ҳֻúɵӣʮ»̥жù򣿵ʱݺݺֻڼվȽŸˣɩ˭ȥ
ʵǺǳԵĵѵ벻ôõģҽţҲ֡ɷһܻת⣬ʰɰڳ̷ĸ飬Լ㹻أܲڳޡ
ˮůִ֪ҲֻϹ۰ˡ
鷢ϣϲô˵ִ֣صؾɷ򣬡Ч´磬Ҳӵұǲģ뻹ɣʡЦ
ͬЦҲأ
͵ٳζˡִ˻ѩ룬书ã˯ɱȻҪ书飬Ǿ͸ɴɥżˡ
ʶסӣ·иѪҺ壬æЦȻǲģҼûûǰڳݣʹƭҲ˿ϵأ
ΪԼ˵ñܹأִһˣ˼˵Һܺƭ
򣺡̫ˡ
˵ڵʣ㵱ȻƭҲֻôһأıģŵ˵绨죬͸ҳ̼ңôҲġ
ִЩĻȻ񺮣ȴڳһ˿ϱЩ黰㣬˵ġ
ƭԸƭǵͷˡ
Բݺݺʹڳ̼ס£ҲֻǶ˸̥ĵطƽǾˮˮġ̼еǿſûʽ̧ΪҲͲҵòӴݺݺҪȥݼҲˣԸ¶ˣֻʶ㵽ִԺߡ
ִҳ˸£ȻƽʱǰҹӰȺϴжΣ
һһ̵ӣִҲһһ⵱˺ܣ䲻ԭĽܷı䣬֪ԹԵĴϻۣϵλȻȹøá
һ˵ĳҲûˡ
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ɣƽ֢̫֮ҽ˵ЩƽϢλҩԱ
ֻ̫ҽԺãˣƤӹĲȰϵ˸κãһŮûòƽľô
Ҳ޹רУȻЩҶˣҲִͨݺթһʡǿɶʲƣѪģ
㰭û㣬Լ飬ͱ׳ϸЩСҲӦãԹˣ
һըëˣôС֪һ׬ôЩƴƴͳҲֻļ䣬ȫִˣôʵ
£Ҿˣô˵
ԼѴҲȫҿӵ˼ﵹǺ£ӣ˭ǴģþۺɢҲգᷳɻƢΪŻ½ͷöû鲻˵鷳̼ôöԸôΪһ֮Ҵıδ̫խЩǻ֮Ϊλţ˶̧ˡ
ɷĮȻԶȥݺݽҩӵϣײ衪ʱ򣬵ػ˼̿ȡů˷硣
īæ鱻ҩսʪ̿ӳȥšüС㣬ٱ̿һѬúˡ
ЦòõʲôҪҲޡ
īǺǻģҲȰС㻹ǿЩɣᣬܻг·ġ
·ĸֲ÷ӰΪӶһȥʲô취ǣȻ¹ǰҩĸһ涼ˡˣԸ޲ɣѵô˵ѣֵ˻ʵ۳Ҳ֪ˣʲôҪΪԹŲţ
һĲΨԼεӰֻߵÿһ·ᣬΪֵ˭Ŀ˼᲻䡣
ī˿ΪᣬһȰС㣬аأܵΪ롣
׽һƬãȻĴٻϲʧȥҷ֣ΣҪںռһϯ֮أˣ̫̫
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ִѭȥҵӣԴӴ־طţæ⣬ӱǶլӶֻдһסִԸȥԼһˣŮڹ׬ɶТ
ЦӯӯĽͣܲƱ͵̼ɣùүƼΪ飡
ֹ˵ţҲöа
ŹӡǧãֹβʣҲֻűӶƴգʱʿŲ
żҲִһ֮֡Ȼǿ߹ٳβףҪǮ㣬ִָһʱȥʵ飬Ŀһʹ
ִԱΨӲҧ˾ϷԣʼղϸĿڡ
ֹֻ÷Щı㣬ֻЩ±ǡϥ¿飬˴ϣ־طȥУ˵˶ûУ֮̾Уڰ׽˵Ҳա
ִĿ꣬ŤͷҪߣֹƬ̣̾ĸʮֲʣȥɡ
ִûپܾһԹƾ̫̫ȥ޼Ļϳų棬лһĸҲӦá
ãֹ߶û꣬ȻТӣ֮㿴̫̫Ĳ飬ȫΪТġ̫̫һ˵Ҳö꣬ʱлλô
ִϻɴϣĸ׵ʲôҪҪ
ǵ̫̫һӲʣοǰֺЩȪӦòһ˷ðʹСֵġ
ֹϱЩΣˣ˵к֢֮ǳ˶ǰսĴзҿ̫̫ϲ˭֪㸹кֹŹ˵ġ
ԭǺİ컵£ִԶԣֻ˭չĸ˼ң
˵æΪŮ˵ףҳ˵²ɸϻȥˣչ˹ǶϱĲ£ѲҪϹ̼
ִʣȴ֧֧ģƺݣ׵ôˣ
䣬Ϳ׽һȹǰ̰
ֲֹԿڣԭΪģ裬ǰ׽ڷ̡
ִλ洺磬ĵװɺǹ£̫̫ղ£ľ񷴵ˡ


71 .  ݺݺ   ̣ݺСˡ
ϴ, ׽˾޴ı仯ɫ٣˵оֹ, Ǹηη檷緶ǵ뵽ǰεȿŹȥ, Ȼ̥ˡ
ִλϲİٿһεƵġ׽̼, ֹΪТ̫̫ܲһȥģ¹ˡ
ҡҰ, ִ⣬һû, ϳǷ˲ſϳԻͷݣֻǰ׽̫̫Ϊʲôϣ˺Ͷ˷-ϾҲ뼸λõ̹, ݡֲ׽ˡ
ǲִ, ֹн͵̫̫һʼҲϵģýҹԼշ̣˲ˮϴһҲи, ̫̫ƺתЩ֮ǰ뿪죬̫̫кҿʵ벻Ẓ̌, ҲǰӣĪЩС²ˡ
׽ӯӯ˵ΪүǣǼ檵ĸ֣檲Գࡣ
ֹĿ˼ͣѽ˶ʮꡣ
ִŮ״θЩƫ׽ȣ˳֪һ򿴲ңЩңҲڼҾ°ɣ
ֹ΢΢̫̫ԺԾиڴĸŮô̫̫ݣõŵͥ˦ô
ִʵڷԱ֢ޣٰ㲻мϷݸ⻰ҾͲˣ֮й϶ѵΪԲҡô
׽
СѾͷ߻ϣһʱ벻ԴǷֻؿֹ
ⲻֹ֪ŮǼӵĽִ֣޵ڲ׵ļӣֻÿлգȥ̫̫Ҫ
׽㲻ʣȴҲֻܸĽŲֲԵȣֻһִۣȥ롣
˼ǰƺ󹧣׽ȴǰƣ֮Ψ̫̫ܿӺתִô붼죬ĳʹ˸ɫ
ƻ⣬˲ȥūΪϵĲˮȡ
ֹɫ࣬ȴֲ˵áǼ޽ˣζõ⸮Ĳ趼ȣ
׽ִµˣúõôˮִѾͷһ֧ʹҲֻŰˡ
һʱݣ̫̫ԶԶ˵ϡִͣűҪѾͷ
ִæס˼ҺЪŰɣˡ
̫̫£ӣĵճȴΨֹһȻҲֻﱲΪСǵȳ£̫̫Ѳ־طȥӾʣµıִֻھУϧȴʱ桪̫̫ʵںڣǰΪҪһֻ۱һֻۣ罫׽½ҴҲڴܴ̼Ǻ벻ˡ
ִһŷԩͷծȻǨŭο̫̫Ҳ˽άҵĺƽȻӲԣȴ㲻ס
ƽͦġ
ȻϲִܹͰĸ׵Ƿθеˣúеأ׵ġ
̫̫棬Ȼñֵ̫֡
ֹȴϻԼϲûҲڰ׽УĿȴ΢΢Щ衪Լ˵ΪңΪǰ̣ĸŮȻǱĺá
ִûд㶯ֻװ£ϵĸվΣԾӷ
̫̫ĵͷ
ִɫѲ˿ף֢״ȷʵת԰Ťͷʰ׽Ȼ̼ÿղĸֵǷԾɱкʻɫ
ֹŶԾŻ׽˸˵ˣ˵̼ҲֻÿͶ˶ҩˣѵ۲첡˵ʺƨδ̫Щ
ɱִôһ˵ʱϾְƵġ
׽ίؿɷ
ֹֻóԲҲ̫ǿˣֲҽЩдշܿЩʲôأ
ˣĸܹתΪʲôȫϣִ
ֹҲŶ
׽ƨ
޵̲סҪ໰ɵλˣûֻƵƵᣬִָ֪
ִȴǸϵģʹ׽۸ҲңȴȻƣ޻˵ôҵˣ̫̫ƽغö˶˵ģ޲֣븮֮к˷磬ݹͣܲȥɣ
ֹЩȥŮʵڲ߳˵
ִЦǲǺ˵ҷã̫̫صĲΣ˵ǳԴ˹ıأ
׽һһͷҪײȥҲˣҲˣ·Ҫ֤Ƶġ
ֹæסһŭŮ˵Щʲô
ִںһ˵أ־ײٿЩǲˣòĵġ
׽ͷɷϣҭɣ
ֹֻһͷ󣬶˵Ѷϼ£ûļҵСС檳ģλìܣֻɫƾ޾ݣ˵
ִ͵仰أҪ֤𣿵Ҳס
˻ƣͼһֽһƣǺֻɫķĩ״ʣйɳƹĽζ
Цū澺Ϳ˽ճŵüûҶͽȥ﷿ѰЩ˭֪ײֻ©
⵱Ȼдǣôõģֹۿִڼ˽Ѽ죬΢΢ãһư׽ɫ˰ء
ִֽ̯ϣʲô
׽ɸһ㣬ҲֻǿŵЩѰҶĩӣδ̫СЩ
СִҲʣ˳ȡЩĩһԵıյùˮɢȻѰҶͰⱭ˰ɣұ֤׷
ɰױյﷺ΢΢ȥݵĲˮûʲô׽ΡΡӹ˹£ɵ׻ǵӣһɱˤ÷顣
ˣٲض˵
׽ڵʹ飬Գһʱϣֻ̫̫ģǰͶķҲµòأò˼վͻõġ治Ǵıѽ
ִһԴľˣףô˵
ֹ΢΢Ŀȥɣٻˡ
ʹ԰ž飬Ҳݲ̫̫һأΪһ˽Т㺦ǣֹôҲԭ¡
Ů˴㲻ҪִֶĻȥԷ١
׽ۿɷ֮⣬ɵ˫ϥһԵڵأֹ˵ļɲʲô֮ԴҴרŴ÷ŮĵطȥǶΨһĽֻбһӣոһĹ¼вݲ
֪ˣ治ĻȴǰԼȫȫˡ׽ִ˫ĮȻۣͬڴϵԳֲм£ŮȴǺ޸ģճ
׽跨еŮѣȻֽȴѱסҲ˿ֳĨҼʣ¡ֵ¶ȹȥŴϵǷһж᲻һ
ϧҲû
ֹ˿ƣѼڲϵݸˣ̫̫շһϣָϴҰģǳȻȡֻ̫̫շ㿴
סֱ̫̫Ȭʱͷ̧ͷ㹻¾ΣϵĸԣƸǿޱȣʵǳʱգ㲻ܺĻתôͬİ·
ȻִƻУĸײӦġ
ĿĸֹЦΨ֮֮顣
ִȻܲТҲῴŴػѣ˸еķӣס̫̫֣еĸȥ޼Һһסòã
լӿúܣĪ˵һλˣٶ߰˸Ҳõùұٺϣ羰£Ҳˡ
ִֹô⣬鶼Բˣһȥ˵̫̫Ҳƭߣģ
Ȼ̫̫ȴĵЦֱִٺҲˣҸһͶԵѵлᣬùȥ顣
ӦˣֹɵۣͰ͸ںͷǸϷôһߣ˸أ
µĲТƵı·
̫̫òҲ˵úʵ°㲻ãһҾܽͷת̫̫ʵˣһ£Ϊһԩꡣ
ǴġԭΪϵһʱ嶯ţϱԶġסˡ
ۿִĸһһٸ߸ȥֹٰûڣֻܾԼͷйߡ
澾ˡںһأֱֹѪߣָͺͷҪҪôù
*
ȡ軨ƹõĶ¡ۼִ̫̫ȻȣǼæӭãҸΪ˼ްȥأ
䵹ѰƣȻֲ˵㣬ȴǶʵϣͷõ׼ŵġ
ڲ̫̫Եɣ·ĸʲôʱãʱӭ
̫̫жԸӣʶЩ÷εģ֪Ϊ˶ôɹ
ӼӰ̧Ҳϻȥˡ
ִλ˵˻ỰػصУԸˣ·ǲģǵҪ룬ᵽʹζɱɱܡ
ˣͲû̫ˡ
ŶƼִһ⣬ȴЦýڶͶ䣬ֶϱʲôϲ£
ִòϵģûʲôЩ顣
ֶϱܸɣﵱȻŮ˵ģӲȻᣬͱˣǿЩӲҪ˵úɱһżأ
Դӳ̷㽫ݺݺ֮Ŷ˲־ר̵ռȥɮԣ˵Ǹ̥жͰ⺢ӹ̹ȥλһ൱ڶôףױȲĸŶаս⺢ӽ̵ʱҪּңɵôͷ
ִӵ棬Ŷ˲Ųأ
˵ţһ͸̫̫ݺ˵ǺϲԲ¶ҪҪȥƣ
Ŷ˴ӦţϺϲӣ߰˷׼ˣȴӵ˾鷳ѽĽɩܹУźϱζǳˡ
ִⷬײĻֺֺЦ½˿𣬾ΪҶ˿⣬һζ߲ȵô룿̣ȴøݺȥ÷Ҳڸǰ򣬷ַŹ֡
ȳִ˵˽ĸ£һЦˣβĸҲۼסգ˶࣬չҲ㡣
ִ֣գգе׼Ҽгסĵ
Ūһ㷢֮䣬αطʲô˴ˣ
ִ͵Ҳء
Ȼǣ̫̫Ǽģϲ῿̼ܼá̼Ҳ죬£絽ڣϱ顣
ң̼ҵĺܡ˵²ɣִȴⲻ²ۡŶſڱտڶǺӣ滹üһأֻ˵²ĸ˵˷⽨ôãֻŶ⽨ǸԸԸøӣǰ׷ⷬȺ
һûһţִ˵ʲôֻʮָںڷ˿䣬ȥʿͷѡ
ִ
ǲ̸ŶǸôΪʲôʱ£
֪㿴ôҲӣһˡ
ִ
ܾóڹ뷿֣֮ѵΪĹϵȻ֮仹ǵʵ־룬ӤƵľû˼ˡ
ȴѻӤִȵӱ΢ֱ۱ţϳһԵСаۡ
ȴ㲻⣬ҧȥأִ͵İһƺҲȴǰˡ
ѵΪĿĹϵ뵽˴ִͨ죬̻ʺͻʶŮˣע첻ˡҶûڻʼң׵ĻԼҲ׵ų֡
*
ó֤⣬ִûŶ˵ĻϣҪڻУ¿϶ýƣ˶ǳζȻ᲻ݿ֡
ȴͬݺݺﻳУ̷ǵϷЪޣÿҡռµĸɮ˵̷̥϶ҲôΪһ̥κʧ
ݺݺģԽѸ˷
ִøˣȻߣΨִܵõһߴϢ
ִĬȻɩɩΪӱõĳ·ô
һΣ϶̴ٵЦ£ĸվǱߣ๫ҶȥΨһİ취Ǿһӡ
ݺݺջ£ֻܱ֤Լĵλ޿ɶҡʵȥˡ
ϼͷߡ
ִԲЩɫ˿˻ǣɩɩʲʣѧһѩƢˬڣַء
֪Լȣֻȴ֮Ǿ͵ˣ
ִϲҪ׼ͼߵŮСҴҹɫҰ׵̣ݺСˡ


72 .     γһ޴֥鶪
ִ, ϸʣɿѾͷŻŵģ, æǳʲôŽżƵģʲô´˵, Ҳɡ
һƵ˶ٵȲι£ȶ
С౻ִһѵ, Ҳ֪Լ̫ð׵ض̵ĻūҲһʱ鼱, ڲԣˡ
źϵ, ʲôҲִ䡣ִֻ׵֪ݺСֲչ˵ġ
ȻǴү̷Դˣɼδ̧, ֻܺһ
С, ݺ﷣ʱ˺졭
Ϊʲô򣿡ִˣϸݺݺһˮˮô
СƳӣϴ߽, ֻܾʵ棬֪ݺ䲻Ѱ̵鷳ȴոСȥС׶󳣱һ, ݺˣҲҪ׼ͰСǷݸȥˣ˵ǽĶӣ⻹㣬ǰƥױУҪСµģҲݺ֮֡
ֱִҡͷֺαأСƽհĿʽˡ
ǰ˷糾еɼȻ̼ңϴĸˣѵ
С޷޵Ųأ˵Ϊĺѣ֪ŮͲҲⱨӦ
ִԽ˵Խ⣬æǷô£
Сഹͷʵˣ˵䣬ūһƣݺﵱʱ޿ܿˣԼȥ״ýô򡣡
ִڷȻϿԲȥɷĳ谮۸ŮͷϡŮӣðΪסĸ׵ĵߡ
ѹѻصݺݺȥ̷״Ůѵ⡣ֻǲݺݺ˹ԾԸԺֱͦͦ췣ִˣû׼ýֻݺݺԭӵˣ»ȴˡ
ִüС࣬Ϳ֪ΪβЩ̣
С֪ɴΨֲԣȴ̾ãˣСҵѾͷƾЩʲôѵƲÿϵעҪǣУˣԭдһ١
ִǿȰҲδصϣֻǹ˰ʱѣֽɹٺҩûˡ
ʵҲûףݺݺ磬û뵽磬˺죬Ӷ뱣סġ
ԣִеĲѾˣҪƻµȴãһǹȥ
ǳ̼ҹѪûˣҲȥǿ
ִȰһܵĺã˭̷֪ȴŶ룬ŵƵڵأһӢֿײѪ˿ɼ˿̺εȷŭ
˵վԺ£ϣҳ
ִŷ̶ȴӭϣ磬Ǹʲôʲôܺú˵
̷˵ϱǸø˵Ůɲмֵͬ͵˵϶ҵģ£ҰǼ˵
ִЦүǺúԼӶһһҾ֪ɩ㣬
Ȼⳡ粨в͸ӵүƢ᲻裬ִⷬȴΪȻصͷû˵ΪСѰ޻ģ裬ӵܵķȣ
̷㱻Ŀָ㣬ɫøϺзһ㣬ŭݺݺĺӣǿǶΨһж
ִƫͷӿ˿գ·ĭϡƾԷӣǵģڶûΪ֮䣬·ѡ˼̳˰㣿
̷ûԷԼֻŭغռµĴʦΪɮ˵Ǹ̥ѵм٣
Աϣŭŷϣ·ΪԼӣźĳ˵ĺ
΢΢ĿӼձ¡
ִȻʦ֪ӵ󲻿ԣĶСߣһ˶أΪεŽ֮ᷢޣɩʲôҪȥݺĺӣݺƽٰѺӱǸô
͸ƵƵͷΪȻС檵ĺùĸ⺢ӳɣԵԵĸΪ𣬷ʵò´˶֣ǰвɱҡС
̷֪ͷϣڲԣȻᣡʹӦӳݺݺΪӶշôܸأ
ִŶһ΢ԭһѽ
͸඼¶Ȼ飬˵֮ǰԭίм񼣬˿̣еƽȴ˷ϡһɣү˼檣͸ҽһ׼ܿ޵λãĪ˵ݺݺԼ⣬̸ɵģΣȼ澣ӿˡ
̷ʱʶԼʧԣôͰһкгأδתֻܿ쵶ն飬ȶסִ죬ҼҼ£ɡ
ŷӣݺݺмӣأȴǰػģһӵŮɹ֮£ϣԼ˵õ
ⷬʣ࣬Ҳ֪ԷݺݺβŹʱСȻйŹ֣ʲôãɷİŮϣʹأҲͽնѡ
ʱ˿̣ϲִ˵Щӱܲǰ취Ҳܽ⣬ֻѡԡ
ˣˣѵ˺ߴ·Ҷᣬ˲Ҳü
ᣬҲô룬֮ûûţǱֻһӡ
̷ȵľ仰ֻҪȥݺݺϸٴóһǮΪӭݺݺŵƸ¾ˡܻУѵǽ̫̫ʹɿڣֻҪ檺»ף
˭֪ϲδĵߣȻȻǺɡ
̷ŸôӷϷҪɹ䲻䣬Ӷתˣ˵ʲô룿
ƾʲô룿
̷㲻ǷԼأѷϸźͿˣתȰ䣬֪ȴ¶ģȻϾ಻Ͻͣʹ˷ֵ𣬸ڡ
˵ɣɷȨڣ̷ҲǸʢģִҲ÷ȰֻӵȻ̸ʲô룿ǡ
Ҫޡ
߿ҪģǺþۺɢҲܴȫױǶЩ֮߳˵Ʋãܾ㲻ˡ
ĸ̣ȻϷŹܵùһ
ִ˼ʮͣЩʫ飬ȴĿ̰
ִȻ÷ϰװüͦɩ˺δЩ꣬ТţŮĸƴ沣а㲻֮ô羹ҪޣҲ治Ц󷽡
̷㷳͸Ůӣ˵ѧİѧвִﲻҲȰºôɼŮǸרŻ˼ͥԵ
̷Ȼûɫֱ׳ıãó̼Ͼѵأ
ִӵˣ֤֤ܲƾݺݺһ仰ҪɩɨسŰɣﶨﻹûأ㵹ã˵İ嶨ˣҶ粻٣Ļƽԣ
̷˰뱲ʫ飬ȴ̸ֽ۳Զִֻ֣ôӵۡ
ִԸС࣬ȥǵļױ̧һ٣Ƴ۳̷㣬ֵǵôϸƣ뱻͵Щȥء
̷ڶðɣɲֱ޳ܵˣ̰ͼżױǮοϵӸԿֶԼ͵Ҳлѽ
ȵȣִôžĬȻˣûӦء
̷Ҫ˵ִݸ˼ƺҴòƽҽʺﶨᣬɻʺּ׼Ǻ룬ܸ˰ɣ
̷ʱйƤ㣬̻ʺΪף˭س̼Ҽҷ磬ȱ֪ԼΪһֵüҷլңкӹô徲ط֣Ǹͥ
ִ֣һֱϣֱɿȥ͵͵л
ִЦû¡
Ϊϸˣϲ°ڰ֪ӹɷһļͥŷ绪ïдѵοҪԼأ
Ȼδ߳Ҳ˿̷ʱûа㲻ᣬΨǣҵŮô죿
̷һʱ϶ǲӦģô۰䣬Ӷô˵ҪŶԸϡԸҡ
Щġ
ִû£һչֶŮģ㰲ȥɣһԣ⡣
ȻСԸĸδжĸ飬ɺֻ߲׳ɳһ̷ɰ첻պȢ˸ͻӣĸȻĸݺݺҵԷǾ͸ΣˣڴǰŮº޲ó֮졣
ִȻξֶŮຣ˱Ҳûǿҵĵ¸УʲôӣֻҪõĶǺ÷ӡ̷ﶷù
㲻ᣬɵִı֤㰲࣬ԴԶЩױȥ
ϵԶҲδ֪ϢΣִȵӱߴϼȥЪЪšǷӸˣʧĿˣִԼܸû׾־ֳ
̷һԶȥӰΨж̾ϧˣֻӣŶߵĸԣպٲ͵͵ԼˡݺݺǲϧûǮٺҲð
̷㻹ǵôǰ˵˵ʮƪ£ԸЦ۲ʶ˲ʧγһ޴֥鶪ϡ˵еԲݺݺеԹݺݺ£ԼһǻʢŭҪḺ֮룿
ִʱӯӯߵߣϵİû֮ɫ磬ϸʴݺô


73 .     ⱲΪиҲֵˡ
̷㲻⻰, ֱִⲻƣҲɫԡ
ĺ, ܲʸϸִ⻰Ů˵ƭһ㡪̷ûô޴
ͨŵˡ淴Ӧ, ִúģȴð׷Ѵֻ࣬ЦֻǾ, 㿴ش̥ö뼸λͬǣȻ, ⲻҸ˵޼ܷŵĵȻá
, ̷Ҳվסˣݲһ࣬ԼԺȥû˵ʲô, ִ֪, ضⲻһ粨̷㵱Ȼǳ谮ݺݺģǶǨŭû˸ӣǰ, ݺݺй˭
ͷûĻ׮ҧܹġ
ִкŶٲ裬Ըƣһ嵥Ŵү򷭵Σˤ˵, ǮɵԼ⡣
ִɲںʲôֵֻ֣֪ܻˣ󷿺аԵǮ֣㲻Ϲְɣ
ϳ֪һɫڵÿ£Ҫȥҳ̷ˡ
ִæˣЩ΢ڽǷѣҪֵֵǽ˿̼ҵЦ
ҾʧѺ͸ǵҽҩѶͳͳڶͷϣȻֵϢˡ
ⱩƢһȥһ
ظں㷢ӣҲ̫Ϊˡ
ִգգۣѵ׼ʲô
ôһ룬ԼǸȥˡ
̶үԺԳ̷ƿڴӣھȻżȻһˣ˭֪ȴ˷ǣû˲˵ϱżױǮˣ
ǿϧϡǰѧϱԣͱ˴ᷳŶͺ޲ôܰѼױҲأЩȻţǳ̼ҵļҵƾʲôдȨ
Ŷ˺޺޵ԹͿøŮǣűߣֻ޵ģû˵ŮӸݷģƢô
̷ⲻʲôûԼţͦͦţǶ˵Ҫʺﶨᣬ룬һִôٲóЩСѹȥ
ȻִùµСӣרŶҪֻȥҾͲˣǶ£ʺﻹ֣ܲ
̷֪ҲϹ߻̺ݣ˻ʺƨĲκεӲ̷ֻ̨ܲΨΨŵŵδ߳ȷʵ
ӲҪޣ»Ӱͷþۺɢܸ˴档
Ŷʵɸ֣ģ׻˵úãТ޺Ϊϱ޸мˣ²˵ģ͹أʹֵʺǰʲô
̷һԴգѽôû뵽أ
κȥ¥գݶûᡣ
Ŷ˵⺢Ƕɵˣ»ЩеûģѼױҪ
ҪϸޣǽЦӯӯĵúͿ߳˻ȥأ
漴ͿǷ޶ͥŲ˾ž̬ţǡһԽͯŮСطԡ
Ŷ˴ŭ⻰ΪТĶϱ޷ݻҵġ
Ҫʣִȴɱ˻ͷǻ˵Ļϸ
̷㱻ＸѣЩҶ£ɣ
Ŷ֮öѩϼ˪ŲϵЦݺݺĺô٣һ·ͬѵɷԼ᲻֪ô
ִûˣֻԺ󳷣ǫ́ԡ
ҲӣֱӴֽǻشô羡ϸơ
̷ЩɣɻǲΡΡӹһȴˣ˶Եȥ
ȻǼУ
Щʱսսָͷ᲻һ£ָݺݺΪ̼ҴڽӴأȴݺˣһ
ҲԼ⡪ûˣܵҸͷŭϣϲϵԵݣСƵͷϣ˼ܴϵĵλҲܳջһͬ飬ڳ̼վȽŸ
һûݺŪ
ͬ顱ؿŴ磬⻹꣬ݺﲢ赣֮ǰͽӹ͵ˣǼƭþຣֺ붨´˼ƣϹ
̷˾Ļڽӿ֮󶼻һҩݺݺעʺУѵѹѡķӡ˭г̼䣬лɳˡ
ִһ磬αװ赵ķӣô֪
ǽ̷˾Ĺ߼֪һװЩѪһҹ˺죬ɲӣȻЩϳɵͣ϶ϲϹˡ
һһͣѳ̷޵ݣǣκһ䷴Ļ˵ţǸ¶֪ĳ˻Ǯأ
Ŷ뵽ԼռʵĴ󼪴ԣҲǸݺݺʦͨ˵ģʩ˲ǮأЩƭӣǿ
ۿĸӶΩǧУִ˿̲ˣҪǣųȥŶ˷ŭغȻ֪Щ£ΪЩ˵
ִҲѽ꾡һһϦ֮Ϊƫƫʱó
޹̯˫֣Ҳûѽ
ˣ
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ݺݺ׻ǱϻݣȻδСȻҲòżڳ̼Ȼûʲôʧġ޷ƭʶ˶ѣٻȥһ֮ͣиѿϵɵӣĹܹ˱ǡ
ڶȴûѵ̬϶ү̷ͬտŸƵģִȥЩ˵֮󣬶ɸϾճԺһ÷ֵܼǧµĶб˵ģ
ִֶ˱ʽ㲻⣬ÿҲܹúˡ
Ӧϵ£ִȻûƽʱ治࣬Ů޶䲻ȣҲ㲻ų⣬˵ҪԼȥʱӱһˣĸ첲ִϣһڡ
򿴵۲޲ԼҲС˺öִΪΪƽÿÿҪ׽ĵģȻҪݣ˽²ôذɣ
ִʵ޷ֻŴۣóһڣ͹ƽˡ
ۿԷһ㣬ִҡͷģ
˵ӣʱµȴ˻أִʵܻݺݺӰǹⲻ˵ģĸһӣöȡ
ǲϽѣִ飬ĺ̫٣һⱲΪиҲֵˡ


74 .     ȷжв
ִ֮͵͵ȥＸ, ˶ӣȻ̷λ׵۾ɳ̷֪Ҳδ裬, ĸ׵飬÷ϸŮӴ, һûɲԼȥ
ȻôЩױ
ִôλүʵ, ͹Ů˵ľġϼȻˣϲٿлͷݣݺﻳдСǼٵ, ɳ̷ӵȴġĳϣϺݺݺĵ, ɷΪˡ
ûżңزȥңһɡ
ִӱլۡʱ, Ϳ̫̫ͥɹ̫, һǧģšöǳԵúܿġ
ȡ˿ϸ޲ôſʱʱһѧŮ, οٹ⡣
ִЦǰˡ
˵ػɷϿ;ڴˣԾɵչ̫̫ϱϾ˵ͣȲòʡٶ㡣
ҡͷ, ûʲôԭӦ
ͬź򳤱Ը̫̫ʹһλǺദģϣĶŵȨ
ңȻҲǿʼǿһ⽥ʳǣҲǹӵġ
ִЦҲ̫СңŹô˵γּͣǻ
ִǳϣڼĸ״Ϻţ֮ų̷˻ţʵûʲôʵ£ܼҵĲܣʵԶˡ˵ҫһ㡣
Ŷֵǧִܾ࣬޹⼸ܱ⣿
ֻǣܷϿԵִ֣ԲΪ䵣ģϱϾᣬѵʹɹļޣĴ뱲ӣΰȥ
Ȼţ˵ǸŰĴ壬Ůˣʹ˽гҲ˵
ִⲻһ̾ϵľٶעĳЩļֵۣʹҲѰء
˼μ䣬￸һֻӻˣִһȴȸԾСˣԵ˺ö
⣬û壬ֲȼ
Ҫȥ֣ͼɺȻؽݸϣȥ°ƤԸ̿𣬡ŮһԿŰɣŪѣ̹үǲ
ִѵûⷬȤգۣСˣٿϡôо˵Ĭܲһ㣬
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ִ֮ȥˣֻԴԶȥ̽ףԼڳΡʵ˵ûʲôڳʱҲһȻûйԽصľٶ
ǻкøУִȻֵ֧ģⱲǰϺɩӣѵú裿
ִ;е㲻ˡ
̱ڴϷȴƫߥţȥʺɣĸҲͦء
ִط˸ȥ
Ҳ̻ͦʺԵģȥУһˡػ֣ż޹ȥû£ȻˣӹڵĻϲ£ּΪ뺡
ѹޣ⼸춼ĹƵģ˭ԴӰ׽ȥУһ䣬ĻӴʧ裬˭֪չƾͷأɼۣղˡ
ִպλ˽Ūݣǻõ޲ðЩ˵Ѿͷʹǵõǳˮ֮ЩγЦģһС̧ػ󷿶޶ãﶼһݣͺ͸λˡ
ŹͷǲʮִֻＫ֮¡·˰͸лƵġ
ִǰҲû뵽ԭŮǳôһһסأĻаŮӣһо׸ȻҲȷʵȲϴǰϻ׹˰ȻϣȴĿİ̺ۣòô֬ˮڸǡ
ִϺģǽˣٺõ֬Ҳãһ˵ϵķ۾µ䣬Ŷ}˵ûš
ִجΣȥΪڴϷ
е㵣ģɣǰṵ̂˯
ִأסֻóСշʲôֵģȻĶҲöء
Ժ˯磬λִȴ棬ֻ°˸˵˾֢ʲôģضҪ˻شáƭǮʲô
˭֪ϴ³룬װģ̾һغ󣬱ֱֱ˵ϲˣˡ
ִɫʮֹŹ֣ȷжв
ݺݺɣǵԼԤʩšȻŶ˵ĹƣִҲ˳ˮˡ
ϴ򣺡ҽʮ꣬ͷһĶңŵòѽ
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ʱԺŶҲѸյִϲϢķ붼λãһɷֱϡ
Ѫ˳̶үʹֱУô£۾Ҳ׼㣿
˵øѵģôˡ
Ŷ˹˲ɷлأ૵ôܣôܻأ
̶үæҩƺ޲֣ʮָģʹ̣ۿĮģҲûôܣλ磬Ǵã̵ˣӻô
Ҫ֪ƫҩʱȥеأ
ִ͸˵ˣĴʵũʮ˸¶ϡ棬ѵõ
Ŷǲ˼飬ҾǷŽ죬ӵĥ˷ۣռֶϱʳ̥ܽѵǴˣ
޶żִҲʳ⡪ԼðЩǸ㲻ŶΪеĴʩˣΪλ᲻أѵԼǰٶֵʣ
ĬĬΣⷨ˭˵ģ
ϰִ޹ռ޹һģȥ˲ٻӣһƪϱľϣ˵ӵٿУȫЧ޹Ժ֪Ŷڳ°׮Դ˷УִŲֹ䡪Ҳôкӡ
Ŷһţʧأ
ִ̲ס棬ԣⶫûã
ȻûãԭΪԼҷһϻۣ֪ҲкͿʱӵּ򵥵ֹܷãЩ¥ݵ潸ͷ֮õѰֱеôˮȾ綾֮ﶼˡ
ŶִȻҲԼʱӷɡԭΪŶ˻լأþСˮһö
֮֮ԼµЩӵٻ᲻кθˣⶫԶ˻ô
˵ŶǵҩãǲڷʳӦòҼ̫࣬𾯾ִЩ
صųΪ𡪡һǿʶǸС͵ƶͼݡ
ҲδУ룬ְɡ
ִϻʲôԶ֣ܲ


75 .     ľݣʧδ
, Ȼ֪ӵٷ۶岢Ӱ죬ִһ£ʱûиָ߿Ƽҽѧ豸, Ҫǳʲô£Ҳǰõõء
ִǰδе׼, ɼȻˣҲֻ˳Ȼִƽ̹СʱȻֶ, ǻﻹе΢ļ¶һﵮоʵӶ졣
˵˯ΪеԵʣɵĽ, ִȴȻٱҲˡ򿴵Ա߰һ۽, ץѣá
ȻԵãĿȴ΢΢㺮, С, ǷΪҳ̼ҷã
ִһȿٰǺţڲʣΪȻأ
ɿһԲģ֪ѵöִҲԽеǲҪĺ, ǲôӣ˭һ
ǣ⻰˵𣿹ʱŮӣã, ֻ˵ѡŻ¸޸顣
ִóǸѪȻһʼŴӦ޸ദЩӣܹиģôһҪȡһ׼Գĺøжܴʮ֡ǲ氮Ҳò׼Ͼ֮ǰҲû̸ֻ˵ϲˣû֮һ
δǣȴѾӵԥһֲҵıʾС˵ְԴס
С˵еĹʱ͸˳ս죬֮ʲôģ˱˴ʰף¶ļٽعںá
ִȲôãҲʲôǵİ飬ͲʲôµĴҹ㣬ᣬˣȴóġ
ڳ򼴽ɲǣִ㽫קס䡣
ˤ˸ſ
ͷִ֣ѵ⣬뵽ӵˣܲ˴ֻ̼Ӳ¡
ִţֲýƿΨſ
ִӵش䣬ʱһذܽǰ߲ۣǴһݼģ뵽ļѴȥãٻشܰģǳӴ⸮ָΰȥ
кգôһָŮǻøһľأ
ִԽԽߣɵøγʹԼÿµ֢
Ū޴룬дȣôԼ۸˵Ǹ
ڸǺãԭԹҲһ飬벻⣬ִֻ֪ôȥðȶɣ
Ǳ׾ǰȻûȡʮָ򢣬̶ƬĴȥ
ְԵܲʽǷȻֹסС޵ᡣִҲˣֱס˱ϡ
жԳ⣬Ҳ֪Ҷĸ龿Σֻ֪һָͷҶöģΨǲһģȡ֮¡
ʱң˫Ŀᣬ촽΢ףٲȻһξߢ̬˵ɫȻȴһƬി
ֻ޹ģսڴߣǵôǰĽʱԶ룬òǹ߻𣬡֪ԼӲʺзͲҪ⸱̬
ȴǹĮĹˡ
ִһ˫޹С¹ۣûзǱһ㣬Ϊô
򣺡ðɣ顣
ⷬߵԺͣ¸ִ֮оԼµʶӦܸõش޹ϵˡ
عųӣǰ²ܹ֮ԺúòñŮΪĸɮֱȤ
ȻִǸĥ˵СȴҲֻ֮֮ǰôûȤζ
һദģʽδµ飬ɲϹһֻܣԸҵһԵ鰸ϱȥʦٲȴǰɢΪӲõĹΣԼҲж飬ܱ֤켫ڿвӡ
ִȻ뵽еϢǷ̻ʺһ䣿ϾԹС
ʺ֪ˣȫǿҲ֪ˣƺ㲻Ϻ£Ŷˡ֮ǰִҪУˣŶ˶Ծͳ˲ء
ûг֤ݣҲװ⵹λŶ߳ŭʩأ
ִʵеϢҪҪŸ
ɢīΪʲôҪҩµģӦ֪㻳˺ӡ
ִˣ㲻˵ӵûô
˭˵ûãüֻҪþ͹ˡ
δִеϢȻ鸮̷Թ̽ӣ̫̫ŶҲ˺˻رϢŶ˵ϷǵûаֲãЦļˡ
̶үֱ˸ӣ۵ģûأ˭֪ͿЦøƵģֶϱӣ֪ǷӸûã㻹Цǣ
̶үҡͷӴǼŭģѾɵˡ
ȴһЦ˭ûã
̶үסѾͷϲ
ϲҲ٣ү˷ݼ澲ɣŶ˶µҩ۷ǺĵģӵٱҲĹŷܳΨһĽִͣУͨһϷƭø˿ջϲˡ
˵ǴݺݺõУۿһ澻к󶼱ǹ°źţλۣܲ⺢ôд󼸸µķ⣬˵ݺһѡͺݺݺݺ
̶ү÷ḻôܣǼ澵İϷձ𴩣֪ʷ
Ͳ±
үͲˣѾͷĸ֮Ŷ٩٩֪ǰ֮û˸ҲǼ澵ĺ󳾣ֶϱƫƫ֮ʲûϵ˴󵨣ĴӰȫƩңѵóȻȥָϣ˵ûϳ̼ҹѪô
Ŷ϶ģִСưϷȻǧĺʲôիӻô
̶үӵŷģæˣ㻹Ϸˣ
ŶӵʲôŸտʼأ⼸ɣ
ִýȢĶ̣ȻҲпԭ㼸ˣ˳ˮִۣԽԽ˵ﵽ㣬ʱʮ»̥ȴǲкϷأǸݺǴӱ𴦱Ŀ飬ŶԳ䵱֮ʦһٽҴӵĹƣ÷
ưɣͲˣִǿտҲĶӣװֵĶ
ΪŶ˵ƽ⣬ִʱ̥Ҳ쳣δǰֳʲô粨ڳŷǼִע⣬ҩҲͣˡŶѾҪ
ڿŶѷ¾裬ִ˸ۣƢθζҲӵúܣʱʱģԱóʾԺٳһСķʳԵðģҲý˵Ϣ
ЩС£̼ҶȻӦʣŶ˸ˡŷЦִϷ̫棬ûУȴװϲģѸɵϺתô³
ڴϺǱߣִŻǻº̥ȹ˵ôΪǡȴĵõϢҪþΪ칦ף֮ϲ
ִյüıܳһţǹ߻ģƫƫػӣܲȥ硣
޷ȥ@@ĭ
ǣû㡣ִϼ֣̽Ǹһģƫƫüۻᣬų⣬ȻҲˡɼôŮġ
֣һɣ壬ΪʦѵþͲȥ£˳㵽ػ߶һˮƣҲܾ
ִ԰˵ôףҲΨһˡ
޶ʰú󣬱ΪϺʵĴ멣˸ůˮСͬͭƵӣɵȲôõƤƳɣܳ־öȶɢʺá
ִôźܲ񻰣ҸѣʵҲûò࣬˸ڶˮͷ˶ƤǿȺģůЧ
̲סЦţ²ࡣ
ִһۣԢӣô
ȻſںߣŮã˽ǸŮЩ˵ŮФľݣʧδ̫ϧˡ
ػǰס˽ΣΪڼǵȰʱ˵˾ôǳϻִͺλ̫̫̽ӣͽӷڻλ̫̫ǺõģҪȥ˭ϲ
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˭֪Ÿͷ£¯ͰǰţģʮСĳһᣬ͹⣬λ⡣
ִǰʱ΢΢¡ĶǸͫײɵýſ˲š
ִɣĪתԣǰҲûԼ˹УԴҩˣ
ߣִ䲻أԴ֮ٲǰó裬ңøŤˡִƣֻǲȴ̼һӡ
ֻ
˭֪ɵ̫죬ִһûõüץȣŵůˮͨڵϡ
ŶԷ˲ƽ̹ĶǸֹסȸԾȻǼУִ̬Ȳɵ
ִ


76 .  ䷹   ԭ䷹ġ
ִ, ⣬Ѿµůˮʰ֣ؽִ, ζĿ㣬Ҫװ, ôѰֵĶװˮԹЩ, ·ݲˡ
⽫ůˮ˵֮࣬⣬·ǳ, ԻʱòӪŵЧ, ׿
ִ˵ʲôӡ
ˣƾ, ˮڡִʾ, ЯϣһõĶ⣬ףԸ㵮һλСʰ, Ǭ
üദףִǸɵģԼЩʳ֮࣬·²⣬̨ȴֽš
ԢһĶӣͶ, պҲʡЩ鷳
Ȼ£ִЩǵ㲻ҲɢˡôɣʱӣӲŹ֡
֮ǰ˵ִʱʵһʺԼ˴еķӡֺ˲ҩǿ̥˵̥ȣصþĵţʧִչŰ꣬ƾʲôиԼ֮˺ӣȲһʵ
ʱΣҪôƢθˣҪôʹʲôֶΣⱻϲý裬ڳ̼ҫ֮£֪Լ벻ִǼС˵ӹǣзͲˣܵºãִһҪУǰԼե˻ࡣ
˳һۣ۷ҷɣɵúúչҽӣܳʲôѽ
ҧڡֻ֣γܹ
˭֪ϺƵģأľлָ㣬΢ԵС
;Ӳɽ̣ʾôˣйôʱŪҰĳó̼ͷϴñӡ
κΪˣӵ˽£ֻЯִ֣ȵһ·Ƕ˰ɣóţ㰮ԵĲɫ۽ýպϸúúþһۡ
ִֻȴ֮
䲻УȴҲԷԾϡͲôʳˣʲôԵ¡
ȽػȴֹҲڣϲ۷Ź⣬£˵Ҫæôֻˣ
й˴ݹ٣ܲͣ
ԭ˵ŵϢϻءݲȴǰˣΪʦɵٲãԼҲʵܵܵĹΣԵΪֳ
ƤЦⲻЦĵӣ
Ϊ˻ǫһ˭֪涼أ£ȫûнλӷ
κؾʦΪҲ𲻹򣬳ܵʦҲʦࡪ治ܼƽϡ
ֻôＷһ˿Ц⣬ͺԼһ㣬޾ˡ
ʵõ˵ҲûԼˣڵķ˸һͰʵļ̶Լҷ˸ǰˣһ˸ԲЩ
ѵԳǼУִڵԽݣع³ֻԽң뻹еСڴأ
Լϲθڣֵ飬קק䣬Сǿͣ»Щɡ
ʶƵģײаˣȻ֡
ˣҲӦһ̾ͻߵģʹȡѲصƣȻٱѵǰҿúóһ
׼֮̽Щ鷿̩һ岻̫ãԽ곤ЩĻӣǸСëͷȴΪʦضЩء
ƽύģҲûᣬʷᣬòʡðһˡ
˭֪ȴòܣĪˣҵ޷ϸõξƲմǣʹ̰ôҲ̹һ󣬵Ⱥƽ˵
߾ľƱɽڰУ˼̨ɺϻǹ⣿
кβԣó˵úܺãȻִǼٵģѽΪ˸еıҲñǡ
תȰ£˵Сﵮ£ҹľϯɣһ̰ɡ
͵ص˵վıߵģڿ˵ò˽ĽŽɣ澣
һеίľ仰˵òԣԼΪ˻ѽǹҧʶġ
һǸͷǷ
ִǳ緹ģӻδӵ㣬ҲǺ֮ܶϯϵɽ亣Ȼɿڣɶôʹ⿶ʹ󣬿ɵζЩ
ִЩݱȤΨһ̰׵ĺθڣһ´̵ģȻԾԾԣȴûôҶӡ
״㽫ЩϵǶϸ̶ǩҲ©˹ʢִ˾׼һСΣյִá
ŷۣ㲻ʲôѵõǳ˼ܼΣ϶ĺǻǸƷˡ
ϱȥƵƵĿʾ⣬κιעⲻƵģֻ˿ȣָָ룬£ҲǸ
ͷص㲻ǲô
ɤӣӽεΣ˼ϲζȻ仯²ССҪ󶼲ɣ
ִǺţλƽʱڼǷҲô˵ܵˡ
ùûôԼʢǶ̸첲ţҲ˴͡Юһ⡣
ѩϵϸ̣ǲͲȥ˵ƳӶôϸ¡
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ڳѾ͸ǶִҲòʵҪҪƣ
ⱻ̿źɴСУһʹѪŧ͸ˡ״̷ȴ֮ķڻã
ȻԹ߻£еĹ⣬컹ǽŵǰѲܣҪҪ̫ҽ
ۿҳһ࣬ͷƤչʾĺ·ģû¡
ԭװΪԼľٶܿɰء
߷һԵĽ軣ñȥ
ɵԭء
ִ̾ãЦѽ
ΪУٻмϧƽʱɣٶҲúľ˵ӹкһƲ¿˾ˣ
ٿǰ˷粻ţеķˡֱһӨ׷ʴ˷ʳ
ִԭ䷹ġ


77 .     ִò
ִӦǳԺ, ŷˡԼЩտյȥӾͺã, ʳʡ
ſڵʹִʵûҲûȥο, ˮů֪ȥȰȰʲôأţ, ץסĿûð㻨УǿԷԾ£ġĺˡ
ִ˳һۣ׼һ, ˭֪ȴһµӵȹϵĻҵ, £һȥɡ
ִ
Ŀû˰㣬ʼʱǿˣ
, ǲĵ, ֻиҪҪ˲ϰˡŮƴڷԼἤʧ̬ŭ˵£
Ȼ޷, Ŀˡ԰ʳ㣬ƻļͥǻ
󷢴ȱΪִؼеܣȴòˣҪ˺޵ļúԼһ³, ʹ죡
Ȼ֮ǰҵ֤ݡһȥ󷿸£׼úô̽
ִͳ֪һʱ߲ˣֻ˵
Ŀ⽻㣬һҵ״ЦȴʵĵҪ£뿪Ի˻Ͷؼҡ
ϾܾˣҲñʳЪһЪá
ȻŻذ㣬Ӳ
С֮ĶȾ֮תһ룬ҲãʱĴУɿһ֡
ȻԸȥīүһն衣
ȴֱִۣ㣬ɣһкö㿴أ
ڹŴ޵ĴʣִԲϳ򣬿ҲһУԷкβ⡣
˭֪ҪϲǾֱԼԷԭµġ
մϾյȹ£ȡһ貵ķϷ·ǳУͼȴʱеĻΪͬǴ󿪴صĵ֮࣬ǰ߰ߵ㣬·𻹲˽۵΢Ҳԡ
ЦɳУſɻô
ȷʵеŷ͹͢ζִףͦġ
Ȼδرȵ巻ЩɷϡΪôǧԶ˷ѱѲ衣
⻹ʱ͵ģһֻһ˻ʺһ˹ֻǡŸӣδ׸ʡ
Աϴִ׾ݣֻһĹάϸգȴִ浱仰£ȴһ˿覴öûУ͸ź죬ĺɫȴʢŵһ޶ˣ벻Լһھ˲ٺڰߣûǰˣˡ
ӿ϶ǼУŮӻлܲģ˺ǲ㻭Ƥɡ
˳ŷŻͷ㣬ͱҼƽˣˣһӺαЩأ
ִ˵ֶ̣ɿֻ̬ЦɣҲ²þףɰõĶͷһᰴм۽ֻ֣ǮҲĻ١
ܼʧȻˣһ뵽ִνҲǴǼ׬ģԹոܷŹҡ
ǼɳУӯӯ򴲱ߣ㣬ΪԴɡ
ִ֫Ӵ˴յװ̫òñ˴ͣƽʱϰΪ
Ȼô飬ҲеӦܵãԼͺá
ĶӣܾһƤЦⲻЦؿһ㻢ȥѣ̬ɫħƵġ
ִԭŮʱĥ֮ãܲˣæ˱γ׷Ҹϵơ
лѷĲżܸˡ
ĲյҪȥơ
īæסӲɣū澷ɡһȥͷϵķ˿ٴ¡
ǲｻģסӣȻܸǷ񡪡˵ˣҲ£޽ء
ػ˲ǲȻǳڣң檣Ҳ㲻û¡ī͵͵ǰˣϷ
ûԹҲܣЩHҲˣŭЦΪвô
īǣȴԽɪһ£Ȼ֪̼ҲǺģλүҲǰųƿۡٷŮӶŮӴƣֻҪѣ˵ˣǳڳɹ޽᲻˸ơǹˣѵܲ챻˿ڣҲ̡
ֻҪһԣ˾ͻᷢ췭ظı仯
ͷһīδüѣͿеıյȻء
ָǼƬѵɣ΢΢ЦҤɣ˵ԼСأū澹ˤƵģ
вζɻīȴסôˣүһý࣬õıյΪԱ̼һóֹٽǵǮ
ʱīĻϸǷĺƣͲҶǸһ켱æ÷عȥ·ˣʹ
¶֮ɫôһǧ𣬳⣬Ҳʹ̫ǲһֻͨɱѡ
Ȼɵǹˡ
ȵ˹źһԷīפ㣬ˣؾͷ
ƺûʲô̫󶯾ֻҪûīȥƾִųô
˵ⲻǵ㣬ִë޷ģƽֻôѣ
ִȸת˸Ȧÿ𣿡
ŵƣʲôʽܳɹԦȻǳ͵ģȴô˵ֻ̫ˣΡ
ִƲƲ죬ֱ˵㿴ˡ
˵ƢҲ͸ʲôöϲҴţˡͷзƵġ
һ죬Ϊһ㰮Դףʵǲô֮á
ִȴµģҲǰҫĸԣҲɫ̫Щǵƽ֮ٴͰɡ
ۿŮ˵ؽ飬ԽƵģɬ㣬ҶĻɵμģ𵱳ɶԷǡ
ִ
ʵ˵һ㲻ľٶк壬ŻʱͽӲţһ˵̫ƽһ˵ĽϸƶԷģ޲ꡣ
ִòصңΪˡ
ָ鲻ڶߣһ󷭳θܣ޲̴˼еܣϸ뻹˵ִ·ݻǳҲƲʲôٹ£òöðʱȥʺǰ淢ǲкϷɿأ
ǿЦλϡͣͷʻīΣ
ձһʯһִ̽еʵ򽫻ī̼̽ӡĴúܣϹ֮£򷢳ȥ˵
īҡͷýūʵ޼ƿʩ
ҧִֶιȻУȴܽԼ˰ռõˮ©˵ǿִϲŴݣδû¡
вɫģοִУΪݵñЩضϸͬͼįˡ˾ÿ˶ʮ꣬ˮζ£
Ϊ˽ͻ룬ҲðԼҽǣ˳ȥʺʺͼòĹ澵̼Ϊ檣ΪӺá
̻ʺ⻰ײ࣬Ȼᣬһﵹǵļ²ܣΪĸǻǵùһġ
Ƿųڷ磬ҪͼŮػΪֵ࣬¹һ˲ãݽ˽ǲλεļô
ΪͶӣҲΪ˶³̻ʺ죬¹Խߵ˷ųһȥػ̴ӣҲָʲôλ֣֮⣬ȫƾӵ⴦áϲȫ˶ɣ˼ްҲž˽ı
Ψ಻ԣЩ὿ۡ绨Ĺ澣ڲðʯͷԼĽţȥ̼ҪˣЩ꾫Լأ
ǳͣҲ״򷢣Цÿƣʱִĺˡִòˡ


78 .  ž   ص粻ص
ִ˵ȥʺ͹Ů̼, ҲĸǼǳԲǴܰЩ˲¡Ī˵ǵļͥòһӲ, Ϊ룬Ҳ, ͷ檲ǣ
ҶʺӢûЩߥޣ, ػЩ鷳еæˡ
߿ִ࣬Ҳȥˣûǵ, רԼ鷳
ݼڣִǼɳҲ봩, ɴѹ׵İ衣ȵʱ˻ӻŮٴȥɡʡ÷ͷ
ȻǮǲʡģִем, ⱸһ, ׼ó˳ȥȴ˹Ƶҡͷ㻹˰ɡ
ִʮֿɣѲǺ¼ѳֲסЩò, ˵¹ѡˣȻⲻס¹˵Ի˻ʵȥӲҪϳأ
˵Ȼѳֵס±˼Լѳֲסһī͹ܵˣ˭֪ػʹʲôɼ̫ҲǺ, һ鷳
ִӰԵֵģ̲סЦ˭ãūʹȥ˵ǹҧ˵͡ĵˡ
˼һȺ£øɡ
Դӷĸ̷֮󣬻˴ʼױһ겻񣬼֮ԭŪˮһգŶ˼ӣӣ˶ˡ
ֶ˵иò£ҪһػŶæشӦһٳ̷㡪СղżңǰʱȰ䣬ڵã˶ûУŶǳǱķգҵ
æڳаò£֪˵ԼʦΣڻʵǰ˵ϻ̸Ҫˡ⵱Ȼдǣûʵ۶صģŶ˾ôѪٻֻͼԼܣҲϷֻˡ
׵˸ᣬŶ˵ȻϴһͷлһԶӶҪʵʵˡ
̷Ϊⲻǰҵȵʹô
Ŷ˾ö޴㲻룬Ѱϵģǧش㣬Żһ棬񲻹Ҫ͸ģ㲻ԸеԸ⣡ûǼ⼸Ͱ͵񣬲ܵ·ô
̷ԳȨĽʺޣĲԸۣͬת룬ֵܣΪʲôãˮأ
ΪѴʣȴֵ˵ǰӣֳġ
ȻִǮȻǹ⣬ô׼͵͵ͷ˳߰ʮҲ˻ᷢɣ
ŶһǹӾ֪ʲôûʵЩͷ
ǣûôƤǳģܸϽ飬Щ׬Сʧ
ǰٰ㶣õ֤֮󣬷ַȥ
ΪػøʲôģϾݣ˭֪ƻ˾ͻˡ
ĸѯʵɫ̷ҡͷ²ڡ
Ŷ˺ʧǲأ
ûдӣͨ·Ҳǲġ꣬ԼҶӶԴŮ˻ͦмֱµģֺֻˣȻҲϹ棬ݼҲΪǧټ޽̼ҡ
̷֪ĸ׵˼ʵ᲻ȥλױݹ˵ģͿֺŨʬһ㡣˵Ѿа²ЪˣǴӣҲûǸԡ
ǹµĹ֮Щʵ̷Ȼݺݺһ糾ζЩ޲ò˪˼ƺͲ켸ȥأ
Ŷ˾һ亹ɱң
ǹǺôԼҸϱɲҸڣο¹ЩŮҲһˣѱù̥ᣬ̼ѪĴ֪Ҳưոݡ
̷ʲôˣҵȻˡ
ΪǺоӷȵģǿŤĹϲЩŮȻֺαذͰ͵ؽȢţԼԼܣңʹòףƢ̫ӲҲֻܵһ͡
ϵѱ˳ˣ²ΪױҲһѡ˵ҲҪδλ¿Ǵ󷢴ȱӻɡ
ֻҪϿϻϸͽǰһʹϾݺݺѱߣܵиˣҲҹ䡣
̷Σִ´֮ǰȥһӣÿض̵ĿʱڣȻƹƹ񶼳ŵὫԭ˱̼ҹϸģִԸͿһˣһԱºӡ󣬶ҲŶ˳û硪ϴȥػûźôԹأȱײϼλƹв͵ģ
ִ鰴ŶӣٴĹ̨Ϸɿ췭Ŀһ߸лҳ
õ֬׸飬ﲻŮľٶɣҲŻ͵ʵѸִһ档
ȻμҲɺϣǹ⡪ִ֪Ҫһ־طϢ
ִУ¼Ҳѽ̹ϵظˣ־ط겻һܻء˵ͻ˷߹м˲СĦȻ㲻ʲôս£ɾϲֵأ־طٷ򳤵ȻҲþľάܳİ
ңԴӴϸֹ󣬺ҲʵΣһžۣôӷϴ⡪粻ĺá
Զ̾ٲҾˡ
ִѵüֱܣŮֶˣȡЦ˼˵ĴǳĬҸ˵Ļ¸ӳΪ룬鼴㲻Ի£ôҲҸſ־طʵڲԶ˵㡣
δ˽ϵѴȴս־طǷġˣŶûһء
ѹ죬һڻģ
ִΨ΢Цʵ־طÿصĸļͷźӴһʣʼǷ񰲺ãЩҲø˿˽黳Ҫزأɡ
־طҼţȱ֪ˣ˵Ĵֻ㣺룬аҲǲġ
ִΪԹߣܴκһֻĬĬעţԸճɾ
ĿѾִ꣬ģȥӳ԰ɣҪҪ
ˣʲôӣȴʵִļ׼һȥ޼Ҳ䷹
ִǵˮȣ˳㵽ϸ⣬ԼǶײڵġԭʼҲĿڸС
˳ӱլ˷ΪִиЪϢԸ㵽֣˭֪շ¶Ϳһ糾͵Ӱš
־طļͷȻŰ򣬳һЦ¶Ž׵ĳݣá
ֻǻһᣬ·ʲôҪ
ִ˵ǻص粻صɰ˾߱飬ԶԵˡ


79 .     ˻ϲ
ִ⵱֪ʶȤĺ, ʵǽᶼ˰ˣ־ط˻㿴ҿ㣬Ҳ˵, ֻǱ˴ӡ
ĵӰûĥ䡣
ִ˿ȣӿһ, ˭֪Ƕȴƾһ㣬־طæתϵȥ, ׼ò񵶴ж˿顣
Ųִǰּһ͡
Ȼžવˡ
㲻ãճɵЦ, ·ǿһĿӼڻζ
ִ˵ĸףŮ㻨ģ, Ʊصʹļס
Һ־طҲǸĵģǲиţЩζ̫Ũ, Ϊ, ôͰ͵ϻǰ
ִϴ־طѺúõ򼹱Ťʵڿȥн񵶶, ɣǵЪЪ˵˵
־ط¶ţ˵ʲô
ִҪҪô
֪ǰѵʫˣҲ־ط, Ūɳ׾
ִ˵ھеţز٣Ҳؿţʵʵؾ͹ˡ
־طͰ͵ģᰮô
ֻ˵ŮദŪµģŮϲɱ֮£
û£ֻҪ˵ģִ˵ˣŮһɵ꣬־طڳݺòãңصҲ־طĿڳݣĳʵһӾ޲˽˿Ƕĳˡ
˴ϸ磬ִͷʴϣҿ˷Ŀӯʲô£
ȻǴ֣ðɵɵ׶˼֮ˡң˿̲֮ʱ־طҲǿϵӱĸԣûǵô˴󹦣ŵõ׼ؼʡס
һɱֱеˣʲô
ȻȱӶҪܣøһϲΪĸɣɲ͵ס
°¶ִҪ˵ɵɵأϸӪУҹԺ֣żζԭЩͻӰﲼߣǵݣȴײˡ⻹꣬˿ڽǴһܣ˻ģͼʩӱͻ˵̽˲ٶ֮˽ڲͻʩϮǵݣͻӿνʧأͷŴ¶ͣ׼̽ס
ִģǸĹ£
ϺһۣǸͷԣıóʲôù£οͷΪҽӡ緺ͻմˣôм٣
ҽȻֻƷǽ˧ͷϵȣ־ط˶ѾܲˣͷҲȥᶪˡһʵְ¿ԶЩͽοɱȣպǻ켣ĺãû׼أ
һΪ˳˶ӳ˿ҲЦúϲ£죬Ҫô˵˷ϲ¾ˬأȥݣ;һƾɵɹŰֻҵˮȣ˭֪ȴڴ׾һǰսʱͻ˲µģִԼĪһٽ֮ࡣ
Žһʮ㣬ٽһǧһԼʮˡ
ִҲŵϴ󣬡ôࣿͻж౿ģӶòغõ㣬ǰ£ʱͻʸոսܣǴҴҳû˵ϡҲܼ˴ԾӵĹֻܲԴ֮裬ȴϱ־ط콵˱ˡ
Ȼ׸磬ִ˿ҲеĽʺޣôûֺˣԭû˵־طѽԭĹ켣־طֹı޲ͷ׼ȥˣȲӾȻ
ɼһһֺá
Ҳգܹ׹⣬־طķ༴ķ⣬ִԴ˻ſˣ뵽гĵȥףԵΪˡ
ִ漴𣬡ⲻ֮ƸϽɣ
ĿɻƳγεıִеϧⱲҲֻڻʹӣһץһѵĽӣǴ
ϱϷشͳһƵСԲЦ֪꣬һС飬˴ʶ˵Ҫϲ㰮ʲôζȥ
־طôţЩ֪֪顪֪Ҳֻһֻ۱һֻ۰ɣϾĹͱⶼţһëˡ
ִɲϲӴΣƵģôϺúţùڷǰף˵ܼΪдء
ٳʱִɫ㵭ˣس˼˼ۣʾܿܳΪԼɩӡ
Ѹû㡪ʱв֪־طȻٷƣӶ˽ͷⱲ϶ˣޡ
ϴɸϻҲеһ˵־ط½ٹ飬Цǰףء
־طԷʮİϡǵԼӵĻϼִɩô
ִĵܿ۾͵úĸˡ
־طһ£Ⱳôģ״Щ飿
Ȼִ֣ưѳһˣԼȰơȻڼξƲմ⣬ѵһô
ϯ־ط㹫ǸϲѶһأ˵ĵˣ¶ǣϱġȵּֿƺ˲Ž
רעع۲Ƭ̣ĸҧ䣬գҲúúһ
ǵִϻΣӺһڰεġɲɣҲͷ
˴ӣһѳˡֵʮ죬ʱЩŹֵĿٳ߲ϻΣ׼ܽ˼
ִû뵽ر۵СǾӣ޶Ȳɷ򡣡
ģЦֻ꣬ҲѽҸˣһҲ˵
ִԼǱƵǸô
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־طõ͵Ϣܣܿʹ龩ǡȻʵ۲δټҲųͱʾ˼ν̴˴һ顰ĸǨңǱзֹ˷ǳڣʲôó޵ģѵʵָϺúܶô
ӳͷصĻϲۿۡ
û飬ͦ˵ģ־طϲϺأˡ㲢һĸͬǶ
׸˹ʣȻɣ־طĹٽٸһеĻʶ̣պڹǰ˵ϻôţǸ־طý鲻ɡ
̾Ҫ˴һҳֻЩʱ⾰־طһᱻ򶯵ģϾǿһͬꡣ
īתȰǻɣҽԶ飬ضǷۣйֶ࣬½˷ڡ
޵ʾԼС㣬ʱͬաϲλûδ֪֮ء
ȴ᲻֮⣬ǻŻõˣ˭᲻ͽ᣿˵ѵⲻǻݻô˻ʺ־طǹˣɱһƷǿˡ
īҲͰ͵ؽ˽нѯʣЩӸµζ´ϵ˻᲻ˡ뽻õģνСϵ
ϣǲԳһˣԵó⡣
ͲţԼͦŸӣϺִ᲻š
īæȰֹﻹǱɣ̫ҽ̥ȣúúþΪˣôųȥأ
ľôˣͷǸӣҴ˾ٱΪ˸кǰ̣ǿҲµġ
첻˻īȰֹҪ˱˭֪ˣ˫ԣּǰײһ£һɾʹ֮
ī˲Ұôˣ
ѭԼӵĿ⣬սս¿ȥֻ°ȹϣһɫ߳ȹ¡


80 .     һи̣񲻵
Сˡ
ôҲ벻, ԼĵţȻûܱסҲı£Ϊʱһ⡣
ѵǲ첻ӣ
īڴͷ, һιԼӺȲһĬĬ, С㣬Ϊʲôߵ£Ϊ, ѵ̣õ²Ųô
Ȼ˽ɻɵһ, οӱϾ޹ġ, ԱôºúοͣӲ, Сȴأ
ī߷, ˵ūȥߵ¡
ץֱۣȥ
ʵڲܴӹõٴ֮ǰ, Ϊò٣֮ǰЩ£ڹѾʧ裬ΪӲǿع֪Ѿûˣزٽ˼, ʱͻ᳹ױ
īԼС㸡˫Ŀ޵ū澰æʱ⺢Ѿûѽ
ֻľƣ׽ڣð׽׽ѱȥޣ޳ֵܰæ¡ֹȴҲǸ׼ثŧ˭ܵö죬ѩ̿ȴ򲻿ϵģο㶼㲻
ȻأֻһʵʱµƵͷϡԼСͱû˺ӣЧȻͬߣܰӹø֣ͬ˵һơ
ֻǣ˭أҧŲ԰´вԾظֳִӰӡϢˣԼ˹ΨһѪ׸ַ˹٣ν㼲
Լһ˼Ÿϲ᲻ײŰϣ¾̥ҲɱʣȴҶô룬ô¸ִѲ˸ϵ˵ڱ磬Լ̥֮񣬱ͱһеıֶζҪ¡
΢΢Ŀ죬ӷػһ˰ɣҲþûһˡ
īɲ̧ͷ뷢ʣɿСŭ֪Ȥ졪ˣⱾҼ£Լȥա
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־طĻ±нҪףԭүʳŲˣȻŮ߼ޣ˵ݰһŮĵѾܲˡ־طߪ˹ְүȻܲӡ
Ǿýһ˵ϣүþ磬λſʵ࿴֮⡣
˴˵ӡֶ
үǾʵ飬ԵչͼҲֲԼĹټţҲûʲô˼־ط佫ʱ򡪡沢޳ͻҪʱȴ˵Ͼ޴ó
֮үǰ˵ǷĶ࣬Զ񰮣Ȼ־ޣүȻԧ죬Գȫ׮£ҲǳȫԼ
־طӸλȴڼӣǸദҲ̸ЦͶұ˶ãҲ˺á
ִŰЦԼҴδ̫˵㣬˴£ҲգδơΪŮŵùǵһλġ
᲻ڹǸЩΥﹴǲõģһ־طɵɵһ˳ӣΥĻҲȥȻ׼ң֦ͬһ־ط£޷ȫˡüȫλŮҲǱȫԼ
ҵ¾ôˣȻ˴˶ļ٣Ҳû״ҴҰõĵֲǳϲֻȺ˰֣С＾ʽɻ顣
үߣ뿼쿼Ůı£ܷиʤһ¥ˣֻҪŻͺã֮ˡ
Ͽһ˫ŮԵѳ䶨﷽˿СҲٵı˭࣬ᡢƽ⣬Ȣǰĸ
ִԴףﾻſɩɩ˵ǧãѵҾóȥˮһĲֵģ
ЦšĶ䣬ʲôҿ㻹Ȳɩʡģ㣬ͻң
⻰ƫͺˡٺҲǸˣԺˣŻᶯ˦ʹӣ˳˺أ
ȻΪʲô˵޵ĺ̳أ
ִ§ĸ׵Ĳӣĺʱ⣬ٹãҲҪˣʱֻбͬûķˡ
ץ˰ӣִ߿ı˵ûϢ
Ȼָػƽϴô£˳οһ˭֪ȴ־ԡʵڲ硣
ᵽǰЩЩɵˣʲô
һüŮôֳ֪ϻ𣿹үڼҲԺô
ִƲƲ죬ϴӦҲŵҵ
ܵÿˣһһʳȿҽ˵ҽҲûò׼ģǲȥʻشݵĴ򡪡ΪнƸһλרƵϴҪ洫浽
ִ֮ǰһĻ־壬ôҵҵɣЩСôɣĲǺַ£Ŵ̥ߣӤʶĸ壬ִʲôʧŶԡ
ΨһҪıǿʳ⺢ӳ̫÷ʱڼѡöӲ֡
ȻοŮģɼŮԵ춼ܹЩۣϲץѻȥء
£Լұ㱸Щһ򷢳⣬ҲΪƤͷϵպܲпרΪƷʳģν֮̾
ִ˳ץЩסӡи̳֮࣬ﻹŴĻǣϲ͵顪ⶫǷ̫ߣиȻǲ˵ģʱ
˭֪ոյ֣Ǳ㾫׼ر˴ӻжȥ
ޱ鿴ȻһѸ¡
ִ
ڿǲˡ
±˴˸УǺִЩԣګګôˣҲ˵ͻȥô
صһղҪԾȹơ
ִʱĺܻɳôģôûһĿ˵ֻѵ߳
ִ˭Ψֺ޼ɵֱӦģΨнǰʳУʾͶ
ֱ£ȻҲȫȻ飬˰죬ŴһƬи⽻ִ˼ǽķݡ
ִʾ飬ʲôûأ
һڣᵽӵ㣬ٿһȻģִֻ÷ֿȷʵ͵һ㣬ľһѡ
ϱŮŮţɿ˼΢գգ۱˿ڣˣصµȲҲЩȥɡ
ϣִóһǹģԼҶͷءֿǿˣͲŸҶϵƵġ
ڴϣҲǿǵĴŲǿżΪѣ̥
ת֮䣬ִԼ˿С׻һѱһ̾޳
ֱݹһᣬִЩʵΪʲôɴཫ·ߣȥʲô
̫ϷˣִͷһηԼݼ˾տҪڹ⣬û׼ø˹ء
򣺡ҴҪ࿴Ƹ֪ô
ִ֪
ԭˣֲ÷ŴزصģȻˣɱϾƽϱƽ棬̵ƸʱҲһԣΡС̽ƵģΪ顣
ֲóæҪ֧أ
ִЩŭˣΪβ˵㺦
µĵΪ֪أ˭֪ٳٲ飬ֻ顣
ԭһ⡣ִͷЩЩǸ˼Ū䡣
֪ǰ־Ŷԡ
û£ӡڵ
ִͷһƣȻԼǿմ飬ֲóôһԺý˷죬⣡
ִǴ䣬κζ춷ˣֻ䣬滻ѣִֽһϡ
æڸ£ͻȻ˵ˣػһᡣ
ԴϴǶεļִֻ˱ᣬûȤȥ޳ܡ˵˾Ϊ˹ش٣̬δڵҲ̫Щ˼һÿɫ
ȵȣû˵нӵִģһɻȻʵֻۼյô
ͷ
ǵȻȥˣȷǵأʲôɼ棿ʲô⣬ִҧĴ㡣
иŶӣƵɣ̥ȣҪɲ˶
ػȷʵϢ֮ǰ桪ĺһи̣񲻵ͷϣȻǺӵĶ̣ҲΡ
ʶ࣬͸ÿ¹ȥϵԽãԿĽԼ


81 .  ɳ   ĸʱɳ񰡡
Ŵк, òױڸɫõ⣿, ֱ˵Ӳˬǡ˲վµߵ㣬ִΪ, ̽Ӧõġ
ȴ벻ִܾĺ⣬ۿīԭⲻؽ˻ɵó, ôµģأ
īӷܣūҲӲ
òʧķ, úõСΪʲôҪƸˣͬһãΪʼɾ, ֪Цô
ɹܲô࣬ǿִ˷⣬Ÿռ޽̼Ҿò֪ߵغ, 󻹵ˣ
ƾʲô, ƾʲôʲôˣԼȴʲôûУѵΪĲͬԼעҪӰһô
ģвִ, һŪõҲζȹ°뱲ˡ̼ҪǴ͸ȥĸʡ鹣ٲȻСһõġ
ϲϣ֪, ˾ٲΪѹʺһΪ·ǵʩӱִʹ࣬Զʧȥӵľʹ֮䣬һѲɡ
˲Ŀҵȥɡ
īΥŵ˳С֮ȥǳˣȴˡǰӲͬ踾ȴ˷ӣڹԺīԸС㻹ǰǰˤյطƢ˿־塣
һߵĻ̻
ôأˣһ塣īΨӲͷƤ̼һˡ
ϧͽ͡
ִɲϼר˸ȥ򣬳СԺﰾҩͷԶԶŶǺûš
īֻܽ״ʵ
̥ȣЦ͸ͣ⣬úýĻһ˿и
ȻǼ涼ִȥô˼ö֣ͷһһȻĿƹܵϣѹֽţɾǼСӹ۲죬ִһ˵Ҳȥأʱ򵹲ˣ
Ȼִ֪װֲָܳѣοС¹º첻ֹѪ߶Ӽѣȥ̼ۣ
ѵֻ²׹ȥ
ҧ´ŨصĲʣӾҲܰװΪãʲô
īƬ̣ū澷һϢ֪˵˵
Էı֪ã˿ʲôģ
ī̧ЩŮ̫л˵ǵɱСΪ
ֻ¸һʹٶϮ̫ҽغúõʱ飿
ٲʵλС㣿
ɲةฮλīڨڨ˷䣬ԭڳкúѰһ£ȴ֪ķԷﴫػˡ
˵ǱˣܵɰٲϣλСǹ׵ıãڹλͬյĹĸȻһ㣬длͰ϶Ѳˡ
Ĺʵ»Ϊģ˭֪ôͱԣֺᣬûˣɷıѸʹġһͣһָλúõ罺᣿
īۿԼСɫҰףٲðοҥﻹ뿪Щɡ
ҥǺǣ浱Ǹ۵Ļ׸ô綯ʥּ£֮
ݺսбšţ·ǸĺѪ⡣㲻ʣݹҲ壬أһİˡ
ܿƽûīеҸᣬﵽһ˰ɡ
īСú̸𣿡
֮ͥ£ѹ磬Ƕѹ磬ƽѡ
ɫȴɣݸȻһҪһݺء
ҺˣͱеӦҪλСͣǷԶȹⳡΣ
*
´ĵһ֮ǰػӭһҵϢСˡƫƫⳡⲢ춨ΪةฮСҲòһλȥ縮ͣﲻִջһѣѪעԻԲѡ
ִʵЩ˼ةฮŮô棬ôҲǴҹô˴³оȥ˺һи˵һ̥ƽȣΪһƶܲסô㻬̥
뵽֮ǰƵƵ͵Ĺٶִһ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ٿеĳƶĶԲԣ
Цԡ
һлˮִԼΪûЩ뵽װ˴µĲһ˳һۡ軵кȴ˵ѽ
Ϊλ׼ةฮɣʼδɴˮԼ˴Լˡ
Сܶкв
ִø첲ǰ̲סʵϢųȥİɣ
֮ǰԼԼ˵ʲôػҪةฮףִû£ةͷ㲻ةฮҲɡ˶һȻڸмֵĵطƩ缸λϽŮʵ󻯣Աıȡλ
ƫƫȥһұùȥⲻǳԱ˳ŵ
ǯ̿ͳӣų£Ȼ˵취ںþͺá
ҲǣΣˣһߡȻԭ¡˳ˣةฮͻôԿةͷϺ꣬ѱɷǱΪ顪ûͿʼжĥɱ¿ˣδ̫鼱Щ
֮ⲻҪ϶ˡ
ִڳȻӲվӣɶڹҧּɵģοҶ˱񣬳ֵҲȥ徻٣ص˸̥ˡ
Ŀ£ִ׼ԸӺúһԼ˭֪ڻ죬һٿԱ߶ѵӿǣִ
иԣҪҪ
ܺôڶʱģִȥŷֳյӸⱥǲ˶ɣ
Ƶģ벻ĸ⻹мֿɰ
ֵ壬ִԭ¶ʳ֮ޣǿ࿾ģ졣
Σȣһʵװɵ
ǰɣִһȻ˸⣬Ǻҧ´˫룬ӲతȥӪһҪǵļơ
Ȼ졣
ִЩ͵Ե³˭֪ȴԷһźɫʮʹࡣ
ɣǰУݼǲӮġִļͼһͷԵȥ
ϴļ֮²Ž鷳ʱ䶼סڳ̼ңȻرδظϵü
ϴ𱸵ôᰮ֣ҲҶû£кβ⣬Ҹ˽
ִʲôĪΪȤô˭Ӵ潻ƣ
ȻǸ̵ЦִΨĬȻĸʱɳ񰡡


82 .  ۵   Եֵˣһжˮɡ
˵, үͳ̷˵ˣΪϱ̥żæŵ˹, ˵ִȻԼҶ, İõػȥ
򣺡ѵģ
Űպơ
ִһýҩëڻһŽ͵ʴף˭ҪǸģ
ûԼ, ѺҭˡȻ̰Ķû³
ſڴͷɳƵɤӸ̾Դ, һЩ
ִĪʵ˵жɣѵȱˣ
븧ο, ֪˺ĳӯӯЦҺܸ, ڴ֮ǰ, ҶռǶʮĹʱЩˡ
ִٰԼ˵ʥһ㣬˭ϡã
ȴǲжģٶԳ, һǲЩĥ˵ʱ⣬Ϊ˵
֪ȴؼԺԼĸĸԲ˾мɿЦ, ȴһƵġ
ִĨ˰۽ǣˮ߳еǲ㣬Ȼ޵ңɱϾǶϱһ㣬˵ңæҪô๦л
ǺգôôˣŲҲУôźã
˭֪һִ̣ţ˿£סݣҲڵɬصⱲӣֻҪҡҡңκˣǶǲõġ
棬ֱܣһڣȣмܡ
־ϲӦʲôſڣȴһֶ˵ֻûס΢΢˽ӵ·ʱһ͡
µһȽε˾ѣ̣ׯ˶ʮҪã
ִסɬãüǳʣµԾɿųԣ
ָָʹʺʾ޸ܣܻܲģ
ִݸһЦԿҳѽ˵Ҫҵô
򣺡˷ͦǳģô
ˣԼҪȢ˷ޣ̣ٲһһԼİ̬ա
*
Ĳ̰С֢ЪϢûˣʧ˺ӣȴǵúúõһӲɡ
ͬΪŮԣִȻĿԣԾȵķӲǷܷϣǿıݺˣִ൱ݣͬҲۿۡûųҥԣӱڹĲԼô
˾ٷǵ֮飬ˣѵΪСƵԼͷϣһ£ᣬıǻģǵֹ;᧿ΣҲ֮λԵΪ˳ԼõŸôĴۣ
ֻ˵Ѿʧȥˡ
ִȻͬһӣֻȥЩҩģԼһҲ̤ػоǿƣʧ˺ӣΪܹǸ֮ףΪ˱⸹̥ܵӰ죬ۻ֮أִԶΪ
ֻڹݷó̻ʺʱ˳һػǺλһͬȥģȫĻᡪɫȥӲˣﰵִôѪ
ⲻִֻ֪ǽͷˣɽ룬Ҳһ˿һߵĿ϶˭֪ԱʲôһΪԼĺأһԹ˹ˣǨŭҲϡ档ִŸӣҲ¡
Һػֻһյ蹦֮ͺˣִЩ˲죬˭֪мȴУɢϯ֮󣬻ڵǷкطϾڴ֮ǰһԲ˭ûԲϱŰ겻ȴϣûֽţ˭š
ִȥ󵱳һЦ˵򵱼Щţͻ
֪߲ִЦҲһ⣬Ҳٶ
ǶԳ˵ֻǶϵļ̤ǵÿҩзˣ
Ƥǵͨ죬ץִĸ첲ˣ֤Щ˿ɣ
֤ʲôִǲ漴ԸҲˣ˵һأ
˵̥Ѿȹô͵͵׶˴˵ġ
Ȼ͵ִʵ˴ֹ˵зߥ˵ʵзԻţ泩ءȽĹ
ִһʽҪҲǲܣֻǹȥǵܾûţûļģлԼ๫ţʲô
ȻڳļҪ֮£ִǰưӦԼǺɫ֮ͽʳŮ֮ôãҲȷеˡοſʲô-ҩá
˲ûֻǲһ󣬺ȼ磽¡
ִʱڲȥǳҴ
һϸȻֵģִþӨ͸ָ׸˲ףЦΣɺЩˣ
бԽԽˣѵϲ
ԼȻõúܣִڱǰûḻ˵ı顣ֱԺ£ŲһŲǾ˵
ִûʲô˵ģǸɿˣĻȻ˵óڣ̥Ҳ
ֻúѰЩģӽǼҵ£㡣
˵տ򣬹˳Ǹ㲻տ˵ܲ޵ķʸȻĿĵġ
¶ɫġ
治װִ̲סʵῴʲô
ϾۺûҪСĻ֪¹ҪΪ˵һźף˭ϸ죿
ϢǳųȥģȻУҲˣͷϸ룬δᷢп֮
͵ҥվҥԣһܱλ̥ɣһҪͷϣб½˵ȥʣҵҪܷʳӳî
ִǸҵ¹óȻйĵڣܵù˼һˡ
οΪӦ˾ˣֻѾƣˡȻ˵ǣةฮСûĺӣĸةฮһıõҵˣҲûˣʽǻ֮ǰܸ˼˺
ֻ˵֮ʧˣλСҲȥӴ˳ƹŷ𣬾ǵһ¶ˡ
ȻǱֵ˵ǣִ̾ŮҲͦġ
ĬƬ̣һЩõʳ
δؿٹɵ𡪡ھЩҵУһʧȥֵŮӣں֮ء
ִŷһڣá
ʵһֱóЩѪദԽôã˶½ˣƴҰޣȴǺļ䡪ֻ˶һ
ǳȺ˸صķ
ִôֹŤתţòʲôˡ
ȻһƵˣܵĴ޹أֻһݶԴı׼ʷʹǣ⻰Ȼǲģôľڵ伮ȻĶȥ
ִͷʯأϲεĵԪڿ쵽ˣĶ۵ƣ
һһȵʮ壬ҼһЯΣ̼Ĵ壬ʱһֵĻƣǰͣ˵Ÿǳ˵㣬Ҫͬ֡˼
ִԴӼ޹ͰͰ͵죬Ȼһص⡣
Ƴ°ڣ⸱ģȥ
ִˡ
˵ɵѿڸΣԪҹиȻڼ̥Ϊˡ
ȻɥִǺܿ뿪û£꣬ǶԺ󡣡
ȴûкһźҲ
ִԼ˳Уⲻ˰żƻ֪Ů֣壬ʮչִȴȥΪԼյõȻΣҪģ֪ϺһѻͲ϶߶߶滺һ顣
˵治ĻԸܾҵڶԶЪô˼Һ˵ʮҪμӹᣬûմŴˡ
ִԭΪϻչÿЩ֪С˲֪δ̻¶ļ
ִ쾪ˣ޼Ůڣͬ˷һ㣬ֻϤİˣ
ʲôЦ
ִԹ˾ǣֻ˵ѵҪһŮȿڣ
ͷӦôţ
ṩһڷڣȻҲ͵͵Ľͱ㴰ֽѶˡԷϵƢضٹ鴦Ů⣿
ִС˵ʮԵˣͲôԼ˵˽׾ǽء
ִֻ÷ָ㣬ãԪ͸һͬȥֹ۵ưɡ
ɵ͸
ѵҪ˵ЩĻ
ִгǸصȵʵʱȥ֣ϣ±ˣϣҲΡ
ȻʱİգʱִЩõԼĥִ͸¶̫ࡪеʱÿԵ֣ԵֵˣһжˮɣѶסġ


83 .  ϲ   Ļ
תʮ֮, ִС˻շתȥ޼ҴϢ֪ϵȷյ, һŰͲ·ˣǸ, ôޣΪˣسŵӦõġ
Ըʱ黰Ŀİ, ƻඪִһʱѪԼ֪¼ʫ, תһ룬дٺ, վʧ⣬Щĵķθ֮ԣʹǳ, ܴ򶯷ϡ, ҪǹӺϲʣЩ࣬еʱĥ
Ϊ, Ͼͳĳպúһôɴ仹ôС˸ߵСô붼Լˡ
ִΰѣϴСһҵĻ˰, ЩУܰ˯Ҳ
ϡǳȴڣΪڼءûĸεġ
ԼСæүһͳȥˣҪ׼õĽ񡣡
ԪǴӣȻҲúúһҲЩŹе׾֮ͬ֡ǻʺֶӹƧȺۣƲȥƲɡϾǳ˼ҵģЩӦ깦򲻵òͷѧ
ִȥȥ˭ϡ
ƣúء
СӣʹڲģҲ𴩣ֻʵСҪͷô
ûٿˣƽϵ̯½Ҳˣִ뿴ʣʱһִ࣬ͦŶоͲôˡ
Ϊ˭֪ԼСȴɺˣƹ͵˱ҵϸơ
ʵҲûʲôϡ棬Ҫľһգȥƣͬȵ°ѻ𣬺Ȥ¡
翴˱ʵڡ˺ӣִԽس⣬ȻҴҵ󣬿ǱϾǳ̼ҵģΪĸܲΪԼĺЩʲô˵䲻Ļչүǹٳµļӣôܰæ֧Щʱա
˽գִ粻ʲôҵһӣ裬˴˹
ֱɫбִۿ¶׵Ӱ˸ѯƣʲôʱˣ
֪˭ֻõүȥˣС㣬ǻŰɡ
ִûʲôθڣ˱иϰߣϲһ߳ԶʱˡڻϹһڣִֵڡ
θǰ뱥ʵոִͣﲻбõôȥһҪ࣬ϡϡͷġ״ľˡ
ȻʷƾҲȰִǸϲڵģǺ֥ڣ𣬻ڷյáĿζӦټӼ׾ǣзϻˡֻƾҲ⡣
ȻСأҲʡ
ƳԺǽŬŬ죬СС㱻үȥˣ˵Ҫй۵أ
̷㾹ģִʾ죬Ϊ̷װɻƽȥСأôе㸸
ЦСҲ̫ˣ⾩֪֪ףľôƭϱ˶Ŀ£̹̹Ӯüء
ϾʵѩɰһĸĸԱģ˵̷͵ء
ִʧЦҡͷԼĹⶼãҲû˭ˡ
ԸĹǶ۷žЩͽӵĵ
һʱڵűִͷͷó׼ĶʱֳԲ˼ⶫһԶȳ㡣
Ŵ׹ĶҲЩĲִֻ¿ӣɣҲҪˡ
ЦΪүڣСʳô
ִһۣƺ⣬˸һɶѾͷθڼֱõ˼ʡ
ȫִ֣Ϊַſڣעأµʱڸڳùⶼǰ֮ġ
ƲԹɫȻū澷԰ߣҲʳ
Ȼһҹ仹Ǻִ˵һ˵԰ʲôɹģתһ룬ӡҲţȡİĺƤ멣˹һ㣬յԺȥ
ֻǼöţɽأȴܾƧִǰǸصΨߣԽ¶ܷʲôܵģ
òй֮˵ɣ
ִˣĻơ˻ӦתһƣѾͷȻ֪١
жãײ˹ǽ
ִֻɿ죬ĵɤۣҪУбȻһֻ׵ĸ첲һѽס
ִβ͵ĸèһһ߸ߣҪߣ鿪ˣ£ҡ
ɫִ㿴ݣǳ
ٸ㲻ȥиôôڼ
˸ƣ̶ֱǰ˼ǹȥ֪
ִɣǳܲẦѵĻ᣿ڵϹʲôĻģ붼
Ȼƿխ֮ǰȻʣִδ뵽ῴһƬ֣Ӧ˵ɭ֣Ĺ֦Ҷ䣬ǵ㣬ʱͿռ䶼ȻŴ󣬷·¹ɾ
ϸ֮£ŷǸɫĲʵƣ̬죬СҲǲһе糵֣еȴСѣ岼ֿȴгκͻأ֮ȻǴϳһ㡪δıгͳһ֪辰֮˷˺ε˼
Щǡʵ⻹֦ҶոԽľѿ˿̵¹ӰȴдСǳľֽýƬƬüɻҶ״Ƕڵ϶䣬ʹ֮ӳӪһ貵Ч
Ļ
ִˣηճյ׼ģ
΢΢һЦϲ𣿡
ԭû¶棬Ϊ˸׼Ҳһ紮ͨõģƭүȥ˹УԾϲСӣ
ִͬеҽ֣һȴζЩºժ𣿡
ԭǸԣôƲӲӵĽӾ̲ס
Ƣٺã˿Ҳ̲סָ䵯һ£ɷ羰
Ȼأִװģüģڼּң㶮
ۿһ׸ϹӿִǼþգĸ첲أҺܸˡ
ִϣԺԪ㶼ô
ôܷһСˡͲء
һۣԼܳȥ۵ˣѵڼУ
ִһҲǣôˣ
ԹԼһɵ꣬ĿǣѼƻٻӣҲȥ
ȻˣִǶ͸⻵֣ȻҪҪ
Ȼô̥Ⲣһ£ǣ͵ÿĳˡ
ˮƵָŲһ䵽ǰ·ȥæµһ죬ȵѶˣֻŵ¡
ǼĽӴϸʵ
ֻ˫ԾذЩҪӻطҹδġȴһ˻ŻŹˣڱү̣ˣ
˴ţȻû׺£
˷ؿ˸ͷǴϿǻСС㲻ˣ
*
ִȷأһ·ֱˣӶã
֪ˣָɣǴ̷㡪ٺķҪŮȥˣʧ٣ӣϵĹҲ˵˿ɲʲô꣬˭ϳʱȥת׻ӵ֡
Ȼֵܣسȴվһˣʣǳ̷ĹҲ롪ǸƢ˱ЩĹ߲·ϸŴȥˣĻ˵ϴ䲻䣿
ͬ˰գû⡣ִһ򲻴ɴ˷ռҲһһУĸŮӣ
ѵҪȥ٣ɴøĸ̷֤˼棬δ϶Բãң֪ϴ鷳û׼һݣ¡
ִ䣬ɫعݸһ
ִҴҿϣüĿչ˺Щûˡ
ԭô䡪ǻӵȷһӶϴ䣬뽫ȥҤ㣬˼ΪūΪ澣÷ۼ⣬ǸģڵƻײĻͽǻǿ˸ˣӴѻصߡ
ϵ˼ƺԹ̷ͿٲϽŮ
Ϊӽ˽磬Ǿͱ𻹸ˡ
ִ̾ء
Ǳӹȥ̷㰭棬ŲʣֻûŮܲܽ޷ӣ̷֪ġưոأ
޳֮ˣԼ⣬ֻ˵ëΪ˼ױ̷Ҳҧסϲš
üҪǮǸǮͺˡ
ִ֪һؿˣֵܻˣɳ̷ҧһ⣿
ԵʲôǮ
Ž°ʢɻ󣬳ššգЦȻֵǮ


84 .     ֪֮ʹ飬
ִΪ˵ĸһѵ, ָճ̷ȥĳ۶ģ۵Ƿ¾ծҵʲôġⷨӹȻ˵㣬ԳƢó, ο˻öĥһ, ̷ʹǰǣӴ˲Ѱϵ鷳
˭֪ղִʵڱﲻס, ŵȥʳ򣬡㵽Ȱ˵Ĵ磿
ϰѺøͷѶһϸ, Լڴʽ֮ǰĸ⵱ȻǺ, ζŷϲܺʹʮദĻᣬҲܲŮĻ¡˵̷ǿʼױֵøһ, ϾϿϳǮ, Ӷʡһʡ
ʵİУ漰Ů⣬ϾԸϵΪŻŮӶ޲Ҳ, Ǹ⣬һԼȫױִ˰ʹڹԮ
ˣߴҲʮּѣҪ뽫͹ٸ׷, ǵг̷ױµ־ݲɡִͺܺô˵ġ
Ӷ¡ЦţмְԵܲûļơ
˵վ½ȡִϸƣʵô䣿
뷨ǿϳԿӣӳѪͷضݺݿӻԳ̼ڶķҲвҵ
һû뵽ӻ󣬡ȻǣǼĿ⡣
ִôϣˡ
ԼǸʲô󰡡˿ȣԽ鷭һҳָƣԼ
ִȥȴԭһǰּҵ鰸Ҳ㲻ʽּңֻǽԭµļҵʱ
ԵҲͰˣɳͷгĶЩ͵棬ĳзηͬҵغƣзеʽʱĿܣȴǼҼһҪԵġҲ̫ź˰ɣ
ѹ̷ֳɿĸĿڴӦֻʱ̫̫壬û׼ܻʮ꣬мӵĳϢ󾡹У˭˭ˣ
ִŶеۺ죬ûΪк˼Ҳ̫˰ɣ̷ǻô䣿
ƢǸʿȴ߽࣬мζǾġԣͷʲô壿
ִˮĴ۾򴽽ǹ־ЦЩЩʱ֪ˡ
*
ϵ֪򸶳ԼµĲҵ˶ⲻ԰ִʾԸЩױȡɡ
ִȰ԰꣬ģ๫⣬㰲չ˴ǡ
ּȻɵױطڷȴЩױΣҲǳǳ˵֬ȥ˼ꡪӽʵͣڳ̼Ϊͣһѻģб̬
ŮΪüݣִЦֵ죬ңСദôˣ
΢죬׵ʹϸЦˡ
ӣɼ֪ջƻദòȻЩҲô˵黰¸ҵվ䣬ֱˣӮ÷ϵġ̷㣬ɺεе
ͼǼƤ̷㽻桪Ȼûгɹס㹻ˡ
ִϸι۾ݼҲԾ¶ϲʱʽףɵһлýơ
һϺЦ㷽ɲ뾭ѵŮڵѾûʲôý黳ˣǧ֮ңϧˣǲڡ
͵ǰϣִ橻Ϳ̷ԼԺһʱһò֪ϹѰµİɣ
תһ룬Լα˲ǸJǹͷͽиӶѣƶδشùء
ǰƷ֪к£
̷֪յ̬ʮǫͣƵϱ΢֣صسִ˸Ҿ
ִЦЦȴ̹Ȼ£ãҿҵˡ׸Ͳˡ
ʮľǧ̬֮ȡ
̷ɫ΢䣬ȻװǻĸջִΪԷҪˣ˭֪ȴǿ԰Цʵһðæ
֪²ִ˸ۣ뽲
̷ź̳ܵȴԭ򽻸Ǽ治һӾǮģͷǷʮӵĿգ֣Ŀͻ׷ծȻҪǿȹͣӣɬֲļʧͶ·²ִ
֪յʡ͵ĵƣ軵軵ģִﰵЦȴѽ๫˵ǳͷÿ⾻ʮӣôգ
̷ɫα﷽ƽЩΪͨƭִǲ֪ģɼֻǳһ˵Ĺ
Ƿ޷޵Ϊ֣˵ǽ껴һüˮլʺ⽫ʳ߼ͼȥЩ⼢񵹺ã˺ȴȫûˣ
ִ
ͬģȴơǳ򣬿ӺԼҲǺ顣
̷ò׵õ棬׻ȥҪάתǵýʮĨƽ˲ɣѹ̷ֳᲡͶҽ
ִƴգŲһŲܴճģֻǣΪʲôҪ飬ΪǸ߿һۣҲ̫ˡοͲоͷԵģǮδػûҲҪˡ
ۿԷ԰Ͱͳţִüͷһ壬Ϊѵ磬֪ҼҵҲù
̷㣺߿ҲߵЩҵĽӶѳɽˣ򻹵̫ٺ»ӵ̬
Ǻɫ֮ˣȻóִ⣬ֱ˵ҪǮֱ˵ǡ
֮ġִסᣬһΣָͷ
ȳ̷Ը˵㣬Ҳǲܽܡ
ҪȻ½ݣȴִҡͷ֣Ϣ
ɣ̷㾪ëʶ֣մǰѣ㣬ʮӣ͵ʮ򡪡ôȥ
ۿִǸݣ̷Լˣˣ߶ȥ
ֽʣƲƲүԼҪǮģӵҪ۹ߣָСͲɣ
ִЦҲûǮһɢá
һߵ˵ΪƵó̷ùģýƤȻҪǴӦҲ޷ϢӡǮˣִ׼ġ
ôֻ³̷ȥӡǮˡ
*
̷ȥ֮ݺ˴һеŮľЩǻ˲¹ͷԭΪ̸ִˬʣǸ˵ģ˭֪ȴҲſڱտڶǮϵŮˣûƨ-ۣ
ȻǷת۳̷㻹ΪǮ˳ѵȥҷӡǮģϢ̫߲˵һʱϱⱲӵöˣ˵Ὣȴϡ
æˣһ
̷ö⣬ȥŶ˽Ǯ
СĿŶܼܼñˣʮ˶Ҫ
ɲ̷ǰ壬зޣǰױͬЩܵͷαˣͳҲֻóʮӡѵҪԺȥַ
̷㲻ͷСʱ򵹲³ˣ
Ŷݵģ󷿰㣬㻹ϵ
Ҳܾܲʹ˻ȥɣʱգ̷պּѲʲôָˣһ㣬̫̫ˣﻹ˵ķ
תȰ뿪Щļױʱתò˶ñ׬ģ˵ǶʮʮʮҶܸŲôʱ͸ôˡ
ŶȻۼױɶڳ̷ü⾰ҲȷмοҲȷʵЩС鲻ɣܸܰɣٹ̵İֺţͲţ׻пġ
ͷȡԿ䣬˼ʮ鱦ζӣصЩǴ֮
̷ڴӦţתͷͽһĵ̣ȻǮЩ
֪֮ʹ飬ȴ˲ˡ


85 .  ˫̥   ľɣƫִ顭
̷ȥ̵ױ, ִʵ֪ӵϰƹǱءһֲᣬŶˡ
һаҪųߵ㣬̫Ҵû˼, ǻȸͷ챣ֱ׳н, һִ֣ڴ
öǰ˵ʱǺֱ顣
̷òòö֪Ŷ˵ĴȻ, ѼױѺ˳ȥѶֻܰѾѹ׵ó첹, ׽⣬ǿ
Ȼִֻͬһ˲, ǵռ޹Ƕʱ䣬λ⹰ģ񲻹ԳԵͷ, 㲻ʲôء
Ŷ˶̬ȴ˸һٰʮȴת, ģÿÿŷʲôʱʲɫǻĳͷ, ˳ǣߡ֪ö¡
ֱִЦã㶫ֻô²ģෳˣǽų̷ײأŶ˺, ֽŸɾЩˡ
ɹЩƵ֬ˮ˵רиʹãִʱʵظϸȾϺõĶЩŶȥһƸ棬Ҳϴ˵ˡ
ƶţҲеΪζԣΪԼã²ͷ¶ô
֮ĲޣִȻãճõ֬ͷ¶ǲʵô
֮ԲЩ޷Ϊѣһڱ͸ûױƷôȻСĻСЩΪˣһŮ΢ʵɷĻģάҲûʲô˼ųΪòģȻάò
ۣⷬЦСмʶϧŶˡ
ִ˵ӺĻŭҲãȥļױѪ޹ʱ͸ÿˡõǸжô𺳡
ţʵʱԤʱ̡칤Ŷ˾ڹˣϻ飬ѵΪڿ׵۾
ִɺ̷㰴ûôƲͼŶ˿޿ҿɴֶϱɵʲô£
λ䲻ʲôˣ˵ԵʣҲƤ⻬ļϣϵȴһ񣬸ϽСƵġ
ִɫѵЩױƷж
ɲ֮ˣҶŶˣԼӣ˭֪᲻Ӱ츹̥
̷ִԸƣȡֽҪʺ顣
ôذŶԸˣҲ㲻ʲô󲡣Ҫֽöඪˣ
ԭִҪ˵ģϢߡ˵ʵִӣŶ˻ͦжģ벻ֶϱԼλĸ
ȻⲢ󷿱ͷƾʲôöȾ󷿵֣׵׬ǮļױҲҪڴ󷿸ǰεǣ
Ŷ˰治Ͻִ˵λ֤ˣʺǱȴϢ˵òŷˣĲֹ̼ңλƵ֢״󾭲飬͵֬¡
ִѵǼͶ˷ˣ뱨᣿
ûѽЩǻױƷȻΪģڹƽƣʲôȥǣǶӵŮˣַӵŮˣЩĸȫûͻ
ִ˼⣬ȳͬꡣ
ûһ£ֻο򣬡˸ۣûü˵ĹƵóѡ
ִ
ʵǶȻֻͷⷸѡۿǻִۣƮƮȻҲָˡϾҲʵһ֣ƽδһ£үȻ
ôڽˡ
*
ػУصͭס⣬ҲסĽһϣ·֮󣬹ֻһΣѾʧ˰ɡ治ģ
úõ֬ҲǰչŷƳģΪκȻǰû⣬ƫƫΡĸִȥ֮
Ϊ˺ңüĿм
īӵĵӷ˲ǹǼλӡ
ҽǶȶԣҲӷ˳Ϲϵɣܲδ֪ȥʹ¶
˿ѾħˣĻʲôҽҽֻ֪Դִ֮Լûһ˵ģǰϱϳңԼСֳͶĪҪŸô
Ӽձ£Ĩ˰Լƺ̵ܸ֪·
Ѿ˰ڣƾѿعģһУ飬飬һжȥˡ
īͷѹĵ˵ѾݣҪӼӻˡ
Ȼ澵֣ôᡭǲǷʲô
īҡͷū澲֪»ģ³°ɡ
ˣһжˡĸ첲ȻȥһߴߣϢȫޣ̫ƢҲ̫ôǸӣǲˣȴݺˣⱾǶԻϵһ裬˺˹Ϊ׵ĸ顣
һʼҲģ±ִȥֺαؿαװ˼ԼӣִǸٶȻأȴʲôûˡ
أⶼҧˣȴҲֻۣɫصĵīҪһæҲң
*
ִ֪ػԼˣ֮벻ѱˣѰ鷳ƱҪ
ɫҲĸűŭȻ˵ͼУΪɷѵ᲻֪飿ǻ֮
߷Ȼȥ˵򲻿ҥ
ִȴ֪ЩжѲ˵Ը¹¹תʺ󡪡ƾùϵŴ˻ľв١
ˣ֪ǷһǴƭͼıҲҲδ֪
ΨۼΪʵҥԲܲơִҸһȥ
˵ｷ⣬ֻ̨ۼ˲Уͷ飬ֵġΪ¡
ҲεΪۡ
мֱģִҲǵ֮һ
ɱdӯʷ⻹㺬ء
ִ֪е㲻쳶˳ɷ䣬ȥɣȼˡ
˳ӦʣֻǴϵЦЩԭҲԴѽ
ĿбӲ뽷ͷ˾Ҳ٣ʺ⣬̩ۺ¹ҲڣִʹҲһ׮ͥţôһ֣͸½֪ˡ
̩ۺԼԵĶȤζʹףҲݲؽƵģӶˣŵúܡ
ΨдŹԡ
¹ǿֲ´ִݸٷӣ·ѰµĴЩ껳ʱûôأ
ĻŰɣţ߰˷桪˸ͷ˿ڹѽװҲװЩûСӡ
ִ벻Щ䳰ȷ̹Ȼǰʩ
̻ʺףض񣬱ǶͷĴĲ£ɹ̫ҽΪƽɿЩһˣʱ鿪ЩҩȥҲðı̥
̻ʺ˵ȻΪչִ棬Ȼֱ˵УҲ̫Ϊˡ
¹ȴĹֶǷǰԹڹ³̻ʺҪŵ̫ҽ£켱վѵһ⣬Ժд˰ɣ˼ҵ¸أϲῴġ
̻ʺ֪Լֽţɻʵڲ࣬ȻջҲֻܵǾԣԺй
ִӰбȻη壬ֻ֣ʾһжá
¹飬ٶҲͥ¸СģֻΪǰֺãδⶫ·׷ΰɡϾǳ̼Ҽ¡
¹ֻΪϷлж޷̼ܿҳܹ黹ͦ˵ġ
ֱԺһ˿ִɫأΪ̥кβס
׷ʣλӶ˵˼Ȼ˵ϲˣΪ˫̥˼װ
¹΢ЦȻסˣ̫ҽ𣿡
ԺҲ˰ɣľɣƫִ˫̥ûкӳֻ»ʵ۶Ͳմմϲء


86 .     ̰ģֺΡ
Ժд˺ǲ, ˻˫ݵĸ첲ҽ뱲ˣ˫ֱ˭, ôܳ
̻ʺֱ¶, ôưͲвƵģ
̼ұǻʺףϺ޹ϵ¹ôＱ, мΨ²ҵζ
ٿʵֺǺǵļƣ¹ǲʣҲ֪޷ʺѿ, 衣
ǿųһЦٷ˹ø
һҰ˱ִ, ԴΪءȻڳܲʾ˷۱
ִͬף̹ȻЦӹ, ﲻǴЩ, רֵİɣ
¹ĵӺûɫֶ̣ôסڣȻΣֻܸЦιȥ, ô᣿ǵˡ
Ǳã֮Цģ˵ػӿ»ʹǰһƤ˵ЩʲôȴΪءִĿ, üȴ͸¶һ޵ζ
¹ͷκˣѲǴͨõģԼ֣ѿ
ԽԽˣִʱЩ϶ˣˮˮʲôͰԼλûٴĥӲֻ绳źΪãвִ֪ٵĵΨһĽͣԼڹΨһϰġ
¹ԽԽޣ뿴ϣ㼸¾ͷģȴãǳõعȥΪã˭֪Ժ󻹻ʲô
룬Լͱˡ
ִ֪˵̫ССϱл˳̻ʺ÷룬Ծɸؼȥ
ͣڵۺǰʧ񡪡Լ˶࿴һۻٿô
ҪȻԺҲˣˣЩŮӵܲ䵽
ţľȤζ̽һе⣬ִȴ΢΢˵ñµЩŹ֣
ƺȵģǾͷȴͷ͸飬Ǳɫãҩǿ¡
Ͷ͵һƳ׵˵ʼˡ
ִ˼ά̵ԷɢǴµĹͣ
Ƶģôʲô
ִôӵӰô׵ľ飬ɵҲܲµˡ
Ȼܸ߳ԼĳֻţڻãȻ˹²ſ̧١
̾ϢǰӣӲ֪Ӻδһηˣͨ»ǣżҲ֮˷˵ҩһԣ˭֪Чҹֻ˯ʱҲܾٱ¸֮ɡ
ΨĬȻҩⶫʵҲ൱ڶ-Ʒþɱãǰ͸֧彡ˣþˣ˻Խݣνĵ༴ˮ֮ҩɽ⡣
ȰĹ˵Ҳ𲻵κã̩۷ͷϣĺֻ¹ûѳ̼Ҹˮ
ֻһʺһˡ
ִ䣬ͼϸƤͨ죬׶ȾϷɫôˣ
ڰʵһû˵ǽʱ֮Ч·֮ҹŮƣ̬
ִ
ΪʲôҪһ㶼Ľô
ǿ⸱ȻģִбҪһЩ֪ʶЩҩżãϲϰΪοʱ䲻ص㣬ǹؼȻõ֮ϸϸ̽ˡ
*
֮£¹ûȤ˵ڻʵеӡۿۡûнִǷȥıԽʼػһˣᶫɽ
ִߣ˼гĴ֮⣬ﻹʱʱǲ̫ҽ꺮ůЦԷǣ⺢ӲΪ̼ģΪġ
򵭵ԭ⺢ӵĹõʵʾҲӦõġ
⻰Ҳ˵Ϊ׾͸Խ֮ˡ̩ڷõҩԼϵ׳̳ɡżˡ
ֻϧļԲȶӪӪδǼ¡ִЩɵ˼ƲǶеԼ
·ݴˣЩ׺ɫİ˵֮ȥ֮˽֮òòѵֵûصǰǸƤɫϣ
ִƳױ֬Ŷ˶£ֱʰȻǲõģרҵʿһͷĳɷ֡
ܾ¶һΡ
ƹӵƨƨߵظҲ˵˹£ЩΣ»ǣԼͷϣҲᵹաȫСָԷ
ִ;ͦģǲԼϰ廹ǲγ̼ѽ˵ػڷ˼ϣĶɣеʲôƾٷ˵ݣҲܱ⼸ӣ졣
ƹڨڨⲻǵС
ϾǰĶң֬գƹ˽һǣܲ࣬Լˮ
ģѱɹ˲ˡִ˵ţƽ͵ĻױƷƣЩ֬кιŹ֣
ƹĨ˵ģһᣬǺȷصɷҴȥ飿
ִףѧãû׼Ըƹأ
ƹŹò¶һ棬˽ûòˡˣܹӷǻӮĹϵƳƷϳ˵֬ӣԱ˴˶Ǽ¡
òŶãִյļ鱨棬ƹ񲻵Ϊר˾ϵҩмʦͬյóĽȴ˴۾
ԭ֬ﲢûжõһĻۣҽŷϼأյĻաʹȾĹЧҩ̴ɹֻۼòòԵϵĽյմ档ǹŮ㲻ʸУ˽ӴĻ۲ŻֺȲ֢״ʵֹӦ
ֻΪҩãٵ޷ģȻȴز֬Уֲ֪ҩĵԴı䣬Դⳡʵ㲻زϢЩʱվûˣȻЩһɿۿǵвģ˲ţ޲ó֮졣
ֻܹԼʵڲ̫ã̰ģֺڴˣ
֪㡣
ִ̾գԾɰ̥Ȼʲôԭ£ʣµģƹȻáƲˣȥϾ׷ֹġ


87 .     ŪˣأļС
ػ, ²СԺһɳƵĺˮ
Сһ, ҲƵơͶҪʡءֻС߹Ҫˮô
˵νǽ, ɹﲢδȥλ֣Ҳδֻ˰͵, Ȼ٣ɵһ·
СҴִ͵˱, ˲ڣЩǺýġ
ȴѲ, һѽӹ̰ĸɿ磽Щʵʲôʱˣ
ʱСӵĵ
ô˵, ˯һһҹȻʧЦ, ӱ¹ͽ乬֮½棬Ҳüÿǻ߻ʬһ㡣
Ȼǰ, ˭
񸮵С죬ﲻǵô澵
ˣ¹گ߷̵һɸߣֻСŮ̡ǰʱʢ
ʵūϵġСϸ, ū澸սʱаĸԲûǮҽҩūһӣŽūȼü֮
ԽŻػ̣Ψֱ֮ΨһԱĻᡣ
ĬȻǰ;΢ãҲȻ
ģȱ»תأСϵĵʹȻūҲԸң롣
Ůһ˫ĿаٸнһƼˮİ·˶벻ЩΪ׵󱲣ȴ侮ʯġ
ֹ֮ưͣʶһ䣬һܣ˼ҸҪšǲĺŮأ
뵽ִоǼٵģǰ˫̥оอֻҧţΪʲôΪʲôԶǱߣԼһ㶼Ǽ˲ɲܸŬͷҲǼ˽µһ̲࣬Ӷ
ģġⱲˣҪҲִͬ
ǿŲڵţױ̨³һֽС죬ȥˡ
Сӹϣ˵𣿡
Ҳɣ̵һЦǸиҪҪֻܰҡ
ŮǻãŴзӣƱػͬȡɡҲࡣ
һ˳ʲô裬ֻǱҲϧ
*
գ¹ȥִĶԽԽ󣬽֮ڡ˵˫̥ĸʶִһҲиʱʱžҺûشԶҲʱʱ˹̽ͬʱҲˣĿĺӲƯǵöѽ
һڼȴִϴʾܾΪά裬ΪҲôֹۣ̩ͻȣżջδѣ̻ʺ̼괯״ȾҲҼˡ
еʲôǵǶӰΪʦ˵ӵȫǡ
һдʣԶԣֻԾɵ鷿îֻǶһкβ򲻿ţصšϣۼ֤ӵĳ
ִ˽ﵹϣĺãú䤱붼ôŹۡγִˣҲֻôӦ
ڻѲִǲôģԺж˵ãֻҪ̬ƽͣǶ϶ϲʲôӵġ
ع֮󣬴ɸϵĸ£ɽ˺ģһͬϼҰݷȥˡԸϵܽλŮ
ִΪǸˣҲʵ˲٣Ψ˲ĳԣʱִ˵
ͺĽϵĽȣԼȻ־طףȴõ°꣬־طȥ˾Уһղ
ִȡЦ˼ǶȻ򵥣ͷôһ
˵Ȼǳȳֵȫˡ
ʱףϻԾĸٳ֣á
ŸĽظִĶƤմմϲͣ˵һӱŮ˫ȫˣɾʡ£
ִЦæŴȤңԺû׼ñһأʲô̥İ̥ڻ¡
һЦʲô˻ĸҶûͣ
뵽պ־ط׷Բԡϥ⾰ϻ鲻Խ¶
ִҡҡͷ￴űԣҺԼҴʵУʳɻƺˡ
ŲŲҪԡһһ룬Զ֡
ɫӵؽһ麯ݸ
ûܷģֹ;͵ִȡӲ𿪣ҴҿУɫ΢䡣
æʲô£
ûʲôִת˲ѻָ糣ֽһŴʱˣȥɡ
Ц÷ģֻƢθ޵úܣЩɫǳԲߣǱǿĺá
ƲƲ죬Сֱ˵˭ϡƵġ
Цˣ˴˶Ϊ⡣ΨƵǵػͷһֹۣʲô£С񲻶أ
ȷ徻ִ½Ͱ͵ֽչϲɫ
ʵϺϷ˴˿Ѿ¡ûҪڲֻȥǶլۡ̽һ£֪ȥ
ԴΪʣΪ¶棬⽻ӣʲô
䲻ôӳģɰӵƢԼȥԼֻ´ϵ겻⡣
ִŶͷһƳ̾Ϣ
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Ĺ£ǽһšǸƣ˳ػҲǸֻΪŴзմմϲȴ֪ҩͣػ
ȻǴҵģ뵽ǳгִ֮ĥԸе⡣ڣǹȻΪУŷӾ͹ܵˡ
£ȴȥһ鷳ִ˿̣ѵȺǶլ˰ɣ
ĶԷˬԼִȻ̰޶˽ԴϵһһĺãҲǣ֮׾ȴġ˼˸µ
ҲôϺϷôֵǷִ֮ǰ˶Ǻܺúܺõġ
ִĵıһУף
գҲ˽ˡ
£еֻǵǹ⡣ƿǵľţֻ̫ʦϣһӷӰǸ󣬿ɼӵɡ
ǳЦȻǸˬˡ
ϧôΣһжˡ
˵΢΢ɳƣѵΪ˵Щ
ݸȻֻţϾһ֮ǰɲһ棬꺮ů
˲˵ˣζܶ÷ܡ
Ҳգղܵģ෴ȴΪͺáȪ·ϣܵҸ顣
ֻһյ͵ƣ߻谵֣ڸϵ˰̣·ܿʱഺġ
̫ʦУʵһֱ㲻ǿòѧԲң˽ڶϼ֣Ϊʲô˶ϲ㣿ŵǿҾûһ찲ӣ֪ж𣿡
˾ԼģҴûҪ
ǰ㵱ȻֻҪ˵仰˾ͻṰַϡо㲻˼ʫͱʺţأȴò¹絽裬¼˻Ҳɱ˿ƾʲôѵһȣעҪڽô
ִΨĬȻ
һ鰹־ȥ۽ۣЦҺãҵȻעͬȴǻƽȣ˵㲻һ£
ִ¶ţʲô
˵أҵĺý㡣ϹһЦƵ͵ƣ֮䣬糤߰ӿǰ˽ʣµļʮ̳ȪƶЩ䲻ǿ壬ȴʺϴ
ŰĻûҲûļڸ£ҲʹֻĿŶˣ͸¶Ŀȡ
ܺãһжƻһͬɻң
Ǳֻȫ
ȻЦŶ棬ϵǣǸӦٻиδ𺣲Ծȣ෴ȴݵ̫ʦŴԾ˳ȥ
һѳеĨȥϵͲʣ΢ЦţŪˣأļС
˶ŶҪ׷ִ䣬ȻĴ̳סĺʹصһƬС
ʶǰԺиֳִ벻Լѽ


88 .  а   ܼˡ
˵ػ, ִʵڱסЦô⸱ģ
һ˴ˮëϴ
ȥͬӵգߺⶼǰ˭ͣ
Ůװ˵, ûױиͦŸҡ, ֪ͬΪ顣
ִЦǲûôñ˴ͣܲһ, ҷġ
ԼȻǲյġ˲ģԽôϵ¶, ֿΣգֻػصķӡ
˵, ƳŮװͦҹġҶüؿڣȳϦദģ»ϲ
ֿʼ, ûһۡ
ִæ, ר־Ϊжױ
ȴû뵽һʱǲѰҡ
ִһôܵиɡ
ǣֻû뵽ȥ΢΢Ц, ȴǸпġִܵͣ෴˭ҲˣżֻżϣԼһ£ȻΪ, αر˴֣ڳ߶ľŵļƣĿ༴Ŀ࣬ĸĸ
Ըȫȥֵһеϲ밧
ΣҺܸˡ֣¶ȻĻáκӣϣΪİ֮˵İۣΪڷꡣ˵ǰǣٻִĸˡ
ִͨ죬ֹˣܲϸĶ켱æ˦֣ģҡ
ӱͷػԡϴɾ˰ɣ
һɴִŤŤߣŻˮȴһ㣬ǰ̫ΪˣһŶ㹵ͨ¡
ƽĴ׻ȴ޹ģ޲ԡͰȥӵͷƹӡǱ˰ɣеǻᡣ
ȳˬسִϵĺҲˣʱÿôˣΪεǻң
򲻼ʵݻĶС
ִ˲ϵļҵǽŵҪҪţ
о˿˿ģ޲ʡͺˣʱӻܵ÷ɿ졪Ϊȡͬ飬Ǽ˿ȣ·Щ̳
ִһ˰ˮúһ
Ϊ˷ߣȷַ˯ˣӽţʲô˼
̬ӺȥΪӰò˵ܡ
ִȻϲݻ𣬿Ϊԣ¶ϰ߿ȫڴɴϻϼ̽ʱִͺĸЩƱ֮඼ҴھϺĸеסںӱլѱ죬˴ҽᡣ
Ǵ̫ҪǿִסҲлɳˡƸոջرϺĸѾҵˣڳǽһĳһ˿֮飬ûλ˼ôš
еġִһ
Ǻүû̿˵˾ʲô
ģִƱʹƾϲû뵽ǰȻ˼Ϊĺ¡
ġصͷүӹû·ϱϮرǲָʹɵģԭֻһٳ˭֪ûպãĴ˵Ժ¶ûӸˡ
ƱϾǸƻŮ˵зЩģæͷݼȴ۵һ¡̫Цˣʵ̲ס
ִֺǺǵػŶëȣΪ⡣˾٣ȻǱ׵䣬ΣҲ-еֹΥŵԣھϹŮӣٽԱ-꣬òҡҰڡˡ
ǲ֮ҡ
ճָ˾񣬱һͬȥ쿴Ƭ棬ϣյøɸɾֻʣ¶ϱԫ
ǵµһԺ챦ʯηմûã׼͸ӵģԼˣʧδϧ
ִٿСﵹ̵ģû£Ȼ
Ȼ֪Ǻ챦ʯֳ̫Ļ̫࣬æµ˰ҲûѰټջ
һƴʯңңƣʲô
ִҲϵãԼʱƼӦ֮
ֻǸͨͨʯͷܣ궼̻쳣ªֲڣزʲôֵǮĶΪҪߣѵʲôر壿
ܲǹĶ֮ɣɲŮӻϲġҲֲ֮ˣÿʯͷ
Ц֣ʯ̨ڻһһҹȴڶû׼Ǹ͸ɡ
ȻǿЦģִȴһУл
һɣҲҿҲⶫʲôϡ棬ֻΪ̫ˣͿСʯͷ˵ò֪ԡΪһĵӺӵúúôǡ
ܸжִǰ²ʯ̨ԭ鿴òϸֻ֪ԭŮиǬĻأȴ֪ǻؾʲôģѵǰĶ
˼գó̼̫̫˻µĸɮִֶƽΪкʵ̨İء
ʦǴʦ΢Ƴۣٷ˴Ӻδ
ִȻϾʵ棬ֻ˵Լ·񵽣Է棬̽ĪǴзԵ
˵̨˹ʿܼҲŮ֮ˡ
ȻʦȴҡͷҲΪа
ִܳԾ֪һõⶫˣȷ˲ٺô
ɮæͷǷж졪û׼պƼأ
ʦЦжӺδ촦νʱУʱĪǿ󣬼
ִͨͨ˵ǹ̶ģغ㣬˶ЩЩǽӶ˵ôϱӳŻڲ齣̼ʵա
ôԼĵҲżȻڤڤ֮еһעעҪԲκóĲˡĺѧ
ǿлõҸⱲҲһһ˻ȥνãӦˬ
ֻǣΪʲôᶢϳ̼أִ̲ס̼ºܶ๦𣿡
ʦЦȻƶɮˣүһΪǿ䣬ԸɢҲԼ˴壬ۣܲ
ִĬĬͷʱŹү¼Ľֶʺޣ̼Ҿˮˮӳʯ̨ϣȴ˳ɾԼӡһΪ񣬾ֲ˹
ִԺһҪ£ΪԼҲΪ¡Žȡ
ʦۿԼ㻯һλʩ룬ٷˣﲻ飬ƶɮػµ㻯ٶ֣֮
ⶫղ͸ˮʪȷԴʦԸ⽫鷳ߣɼó⣬Ȼ˾ٻһ˼¿ɲѵģܵòʩЩǮɣʮգΪС׬һˡ
Ȼִȴˬʵػ˻֣αҵģ
漴ȡһͷһʯ̨ķѡ
ܼˡִ˵ƽмɨɾȥӵʯͷĶҪأﻹˡ
ʦ
ˣԼΪ̼˲ģλ뺷ڣʲôħֶҽҲ


89 
ʦȥ, ִΨλ˼ҳӣƼ˼Ȼô࣬Ҳ㹻µĽˡ
Ҫ֪, ⻹ǷϽ
˵˸ɮҲ˳û˼Ŷ, ôһӶ˵ϺлֵԴס
ȻҪִ˾֮Ӵ˱һĹǶҲ̫
ȻʱʦѾ, ִʰͷϣ׼ΪеĺС£á
Ǹ˵Ҫȥһ, ·츣
һʶƵ, ǻôȻ
ôҲȥӵĴ󷽡ʵ˳ɻ֮, ִ䲻, СҵĲ֧һѳֵģʵʵٺ»Ͻɣִչ̶ÿղáһ嶼ϡ
Ȼ֪ǺģԼͷѰ, ӣҲǳ鷳Ϊһˣż΢΢ڡⲻԵһô
ȻǾû
ִȴԸ⿶ңȥǵȼƾ٣ڳ, ҹȻȻǹ־ˡ
ִһЦ̼ţǳ̼ˣΪĶϱɲԹΪƾ٣踮鹡ߣҲΪҸкЩ𺣬Ը޲֣ƽ˳һ
ʯ̨£һ̫棬ţˣҲʹѡ
ǰԼ룬ĹִƱػֵͬĭ塣
жģӣԺܶҵ㻨Ǯ𣿡
еӼĳˣ˭Сĳӣڳÿÿ׽⣬ڿм䣬Щ̫УϸŶ˲ˮֲ˼ġûǮ
ִԼС˵գû£㿿ҲܳԷģòӡ
򣺡
Ȼܾǻͦ˵ģԵô
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׵ˣִΪŮǸûȥ̽һģж㣬ߣ˴εĵطŮб׵Ҳ⡣ִӺ۾أֻóһˣ˲¡
ֹȻԹŮģɵ׷Ÿиοô˼Ǻ¡
ֻϣܻչԼǳ⣬ԶӣԱʱ֮裬Ȼ˼ָϣʮãҲ˼ҿϰŮ޸ѵҪȹ°뱲ӣ
ֹ˼Ȫӿ˱ɣ̶ռϼȥ˼ʮţǰɽ˺ģϣĻתƾԲ
ϸĻӦһڹ¹¹֮Ĳҩδһ֮ȴȻҡ
ֹЩ̬ġޡûҲĹȻ⸱ģҪ˿һΣ
ҲգұݣȻ޷أԶ
Ӵֹٲϴϼţ˴ͬİ·ִֻżȻѰǷżء
ֹϱӲʲôⱲӾЩԩңȲǻ޲ýеùⶼʣء
̾ƽǷæµٷ˲ڽǸΥѾõĴϲ£ô
˵Ŀִֽ̬֯ȴƽͣ˵ŮͬڹŹһˣļӰ涼˳ȥµò˰ɣ
СƴҲҪȥظʸ϶ͷ
ۿ߿ƻܿɾĬĬΪ˼ִķӣŹﱵ޼ģ˵ɿڡ
ȻǺÿ˵㣬ζһôͮͮö䣬Ǹͯ档
м谮Ĳұճɽ̿ʵ˼ᣬΪʵ֮ͣϾ
ȻѰõĹľΪ磬˱˸淢괯ı£ȷ֤֤йأ©ҹػ̫֮ҽԺԺзñҽ飬Ϊ¸ɵ괯ͬ£ʦȷȷʵʵɴӽ׵ġ
̩һŭ֮£ڻĲ¸ڸ֮鲢δشֻػ˼ɿƣԼλԵˡ
˵»᲻ʹ
ִ˿ƻԹҧ£ˮڣ룬ԻжԲߵġ
ִףٲҲǱƹδǼ£ó̻ʺƾ֡⼸̻ʺʵһ̵ˣ֪Իʵ۲ȴȵغһ̫ҽԺ¶£»ʵŭҲ¹ĸӵĽ֮ס
ĸػ񹷼ǽ̻ʺضĴ㣬׼һ
ִ˽Ȼϣʺʤģ¹ԼλԼкӹô
ΨһĹӻ̫СΪ⡭Ҳգγܻᱣġ
ִţɵգȴǽŲմظһŴߣģ㣬µġ
㲻ڹôִۣϢ֯һ֧飬׼ȥƹôпӡ
ҪΪ˾£ɾʹˡ
һݵĵû£أᱣԵġ
硭־طȥôִ䣬ǹܵĶʹٶϮû̽⼸Ƿʲôܡ
֮¡
Ȼ׼ɱϾͷһִûǰţʹϷҪҧסʲô
׼ëȻںˮͿнҺĽ£ѱʪִֻ䣬ȻоһӲ˹˲˼ҧȥߴڵһ
֧ţִ˳þһӼ˳
ٶȻָѽƻˣ賿ģûһһҹˣҲʵС
ִƣأ
ǶءĺǸˣڼιԣָԪ
ִĻóζǼꤵθʹȡʳȺС뼦󣬳˽ӱ
һһŮѾϴɾϵѪۣȥһͨͨģշСƵġ
ִüôÿ
ǳϮĻɣӱѽҲǶʱ˵㣬ǰװ۵ġ
ЦţճһıóĿȳͺˡ
ִҲƵ˵﷽ſЩһƳ첲ϼҧۡΪܡ
Ǳеİɣִ˼ĵ𣿡֪Щľӱòǡ
һƽĵۣҴǰ챻룿ܱݷˡ
⵱Ȼǻѻʵ۵Ҫһޱӣ뵽ԼѾǵˣ¶Ӹδ̫񻰣װҲװòЩ
ִ۾ˡ
Ӣ治װ


90 
һһ, ȻëݵòִһˡǵǻӳֻƬ͸¶Ϣ
ɣ
ܲס׷ʣֻþʵ, շ־Уһ֧־طͳ, Ϊִģ˲żѳ־طȥ, ʵھǴŻ
ִǧŭ𣬴ʱҲû, ֻ˵ѡĻ׼ᶯŭӶŭ, ϢʵӱȻжǳǰ, ת
Ȼƾ־ط, ֲͷģѧ书䲻Գ˧Աȴû⡣
ִĸֻպ޵صһ, Ͳ´½ղ£
ûзǻ֮ȻҲûˡʱԴ빬еĽ»ᰴá
ٺЦţҲҿǰʮ, Ҳ㲻ʲôǳˣȴ´󹦣ӴھվȽŸǺܺô
ִ
Ǽ˸ʲôѽӶӣȻ־طضҲԸģѡȨϡЩӹٽ÷ӭȢ˹Űɣ
ĳϣó֮ԼǷ̰˵ʵڵģִʵͲˣˣôƲԸȥȫһӢ
ڽ̷ٷԹֻһƽƽԲԲĹϴʮأˣ㲻ˡ
Ȼ⣬ִʵʵ˺ü조óΪӦõģǵ֪ѵ˽Żշִ硪̫ˣֻиס
ĬִĳͷʵʵӴߣΪСִͣһȾͼæΪȣһ˵̹ش޲ȥҪߡִѵһصӤζ
ǰ̣ûļҹү޾ϸģͰѾ߸ܿ߿˺üأҲûӣүһţĹŹ֣Ȣ˷˸һ¥ôȰġ
Ƶ޿ﵹиڶʹ˼޸Թϱڸڵ׵Ľô
ƿ˫εۣ˦˦־ӣһŤˡ
£ⶼϵעҪһӹ
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ƽ˾˼գʼûϢִסôģѾóѣӾ͸ҡźΪԼˣɼȻĵģֻ˵ļƻûгɹѾܡ̩۷ѵģǶӵĴ⡣
׻Ǻݲİա
ִǿԼС²εﶼ쵭ˮһ˫Ůˡ
һʼ򲢲ôģ˵Ҵ˭׼ûҪԼ̺ӵġִźֻкĸףԻؾ顣˳س֮󣬳۾ȴһ쵽ơιòãǰʳء
ģ
ִȵֽ⸮ԽԽˣ-ɷǵӦ֣Ȼ£ֻˡ
˽صȴУʥּҲ٣ӹ淸ϣֱȦػУóӣʽΪʴ̫Ľ̵Աա
̩۴һƳ£ڴͷɻʺιҩʱԴҲ࣬ѶŲɿ崹ڼϡ
ʵʥּҲ飬پʺԳ¼ӡһʽگ
ǿһڲ̩۳ӵ֣ʮֱǸ޶Բס㣬Щܿˡ
ʵԲʺֹ⼸£ʽ̻ʺûһӡ̩Ҳ֪ġ
ҶǷڱǰӣЩĴˣҲڱ¶ʵĿΨʺģӽزṼĸӡ
̻ʺϴ΢ЦΪҴҴǣ˷ģ檻ԶģǽᷢȴҲͬ๲ѣ£ͺú˯ɣ⳯飬Իġ
̩ģ仰Щ˼Ȼȴһ飬ƤҲصͬǦһ㣬ʵû˼
λ֮ϵӳ˯ȥ̻ʺЦ⣬ĸ澣̫ҽԺһͬΪ¿ɣűµƺá
澲ʣӦһĬĬȥ
̻ʺ󷽻Ͼ̩۵΢߽ͬһ㣬ģһúչģ㲻ӣҲΨһķ˭Ҳߡ
ĽỬͬһֻֻաֻ»ҹйܵʱ⣬֮һȥ
ҺãҲ뿪ˡ
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зˣִżԲ档
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