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========================
1.  ĵһ   ر׷ɱ

顱һ졣
ڵϷһ£һ֪ĽĶͷð亹ûӺ񻺹ľͿԱߵĳֻͨ׵ֳ﹥
˲͵شӵѣһ˲ݺһԼֱۣȾܡ

ѡ׷ŽĹӻе۵ԴַֻǰĹľ֦ѾһڲľïʢɭţһעĶ
ˣһұȻһסԱߵСǿת䡣
۽⿴һӰ£ղûת䣬Ӧñѹڵˡ

ܿһٵĽȫҷɣŲͣӷת
Ծ
ܲԾ

ѾۻؼңڻϼҵĻϣɽﶼаˣ͵Żȥֲֹ԰ˣ˭Ϊʲôڴ
Ҹղܵʱ۽պÿֻ֪ɶӡ

۾䣬ѩסǿҪһ㡣
ųСصʵӵġ
ѵʲô˷Ƿо³

Ҳе㲻Ծ˵ǺܲģǲôһЩʱ䣬͸оԼɿģ֫Լʹǳܲסǿȵ˶
ܺͺֻӵĶȥ
ƴٷְǽ䣬ҲƴͿղι֪ĲǶ֣ȫʢʱڶȷԼܴĹ˵ˡ

ֻܽˣǲģһת㿪ӵĹӷһŭġߴ۾ȴԷѰҺ
ǰһͲ
۾һǿвٷֲڵĴҧӿٶȣȳ嵽ǰ͵һֹס辣ϵһ£ɹ˵һ辡

ҲͣϾ˵ڶ辣˵ĸϣĲ΢һͷһôһŰɫ£̧ͷʱ¶ͺɫ۾
ûˡ
ô

ĿƺƽԼȴڵ
ӵĵֻ֪ȻˣǿӦҲøǿټ߾ͺܸߣԽľĿһ˵ڶϡ
ģ

ɫһ䣬Ҫһǲ
һ룬ǲ󣬴ӲŵǸ辶ѣžߴһˤ˵ϣǳƵĻɵϱҳһӡ

ѡĲرȻ̫ھҪ鷳ˡ
һһԼĶͷֵ̧ʱȴĲ֪ʲôʱ򱻻ˣѪ
ⲻص㡣

صӦһ˰̣ûˡ
׷ʲô
Ļûü룬ͷֵпȿȵŵڶ

ͷһûɵ亹ð˳
ôãһһɣôУӣ

ľˣӵѣţôͶˣ
ǣĻ򲻹ֻӡ

ĵķ߿Ǹоģɿеú𾢣Ѿʼôˡ
Ӧʲôɽ֣ľɶѣҳöܺãҲɽ֣֮ǰҪôţͱӸ׷ˡ

˵ڣңһһ֦ѾԱǿԶֻҪŵ㣬ǿȥġ
оµζ󣬽Ĳҵ飬ĵ˿Ҳ˲ˣϽ
辣׼Ҫȥ۽ȴԱߵġɡ˶

ģ
Ժоը죬ԼԴתĻȣұϿȥ

εͷôֻ۶¶ɺķֲŴ³ȥ
ģ
ģ

˳ǸͷƶϵɫȦȦ
ߡ
綾

Ҫ
̽źһߵľ޴ͷǰһξ룬ŵòҶˡ

ѾйˣֻΪܶϤߺ棬Բûֱӹڹ۲죬Ķ϶̼ôľ룬ߵıӣĿ϶Ҫ
һֱ߶Ĺ۲ڹȥųɿҲᷢҪ

ұˣ滹һģˣ̼ܵҲṥûйھ߰ףȥҪ
ȵȡȥ
ĻƶԴ۽һֱߣ̼ɹԼԴȥ

Ȼתӣ¿
ѩ׵ĴӿɿеرβһһεģԴҲŻζһ˫˦˦ȥ
ҪǣӾ档

Ųߡ
¶ٶԽԽˣҲʼ΢ζͷƤһ飬˲˾һ
һ˲߶ˣ˲䱬ԼϰֻоһȷԼϷӹŵĳֻߵĿڳ

Ļû£ľ͵ĳֻëϡ
ѩ׵ëǽĻˤһ˷ŭġߴһ룬ֻץס˰ëһ룬ӿʼζԼ壡
ĹŻͱεθʼӿ

ѵס壬̧ͷϿ
ֻ޴Դֺһӣɴֻζײ˹ȥаëָ֣ץζ俴ץŵëȾѪɫҲʹд
Ӧ˿ڳˡ

ɽĹ˲ôֻ࣬Ѿ׼ŭѾԴɺƹˣӱQ֣屻ݺ˵ϡ
ȿȿȣ̲ס˼ȴͣһ˲Ϳʼţȷһļ֮̌ͷ

ֻһҧ˾ϣʹߴߴĽھҧȥ
϶һӡ
ٴαŭȫҪȥƾӣĶܣֻô

ǰⳡһ
ֻֻҲս̫Զһֱ̱ӣﻹܵĻ᣿

ŴӵˣȴȻǰһ˲漴ԺٶٵһͨۻԺйһȦģ
Ŷͷ˻̽Լĺס

һˡ
ıһѾ
˵ԼԴôһֱۣԭǺױ

ղźȻֵļ䲻ģһʮġġġ
ֵģԺоֻµļ䣬ʼġһ֮ͨдǡġڡɴϵ
Щʱ䣬ġϾһСȹ

ļ䣬ǽھ棬ǿе
Ȼ󡮽ġӾӣһצ޶Դϣ֮˾ͱ˽ġ
ҲǽĸΣ

Ҳһζݵļ棬ڡġݵĴӾձʱ򣬽ĿǺ
չǼʱ𣿺ѾͬһʱˣȻǴԽ
֪ԭļͳ⣬Ϊһ޶⣬ܹյļ٣Уֻȡص㣺һǴǼʱڶŵ˻ǡ

һ𣬻ϵˡ
ǣǼʱĻôµ𣿾һֻӶôײУҲô
üģֻŴźҪ߹ˣϽ˶㣬ڴʱȻһ

Σϵͳ󶨳ɹ⵽Ըũģʽ
ũģʽɹũͼ




2.  ĵڶ   ϵͳ

ϵͳũͼ
ȫʺţеϵͳ

סģĺˣȷڴ򶷵ľӺ;߲ϸΧȷʵûΣ֮󣬲̽ĺһ䣺ϵͳ
һ룬룬롣
ûзӦ

ϵͳʲôã
ôٻ
ͷǰͶһʮĻʶԴһɴۿĻԺֻһͷͲܱС㣿

ĻȻˮʮңϸĻ
Ļ¿ԷΪ飬ռĻ֮һһ鱾ģͼǻɫģָͷ˴鱾¶һҳͼܡ
ÿһͼҳÿҳ֮һһǷƬĵط
ºߣдϸܵĵط

ֻܿһͼҳͼֱӦֲӣѿή̡
ȻЩֲٽήһֲֺܶﶼѼصǸ̶ȣֻҪܹռҳϢҲӣѿͿͿԵͼ
˱Ͼֲܺ

Ļұߣһ̳ǣǻɫĴ˴̳Ҫһͼһ飬ǲֿ⡣
ֿ⵹ãĿ˿Ǹ߶ǰ׵Ĳֿ⡣
ⲻռ䣿

ý˷ܵǣֿӣһϡ
ó˿ӷ̶ֱ׺СײˣѿСײ˶Ƕʱɳֲĵһͼϣˣ
ĻϻеģϽǵһұ־˶㣬Լұ־ԱһܵСͼĴ˿һ

ۻͼһ
һֱףʹʱʮ죩

ö
סļϵͳȹرգ͵͵ԶڴܵľӺ;ߡ
ֻԽԽףƾ轪ļõܹѪҪֻӴʧѪˡ

ҲûõȥֻԽԽף״̬ҲԽԽ
Ķֻһҧ˾ߵߴ磬Ҳھס˾ӵĲӣֻʼȫ
ӽֹȥֻ֮ͬʱȥ

ĳһͿӵȵ˵ţŰ˾ߵβͣ˻Դվһjioֲϡ
ӽµһ𣬸һڣһڽĿ׼ֺݣӷŭŴ죬һҧߵߴ硣
βžһ˵ϣҲˤ˵ϣȵ˵ţϴţˡ

ˣ
ȻտʼΪܼ˽ߵж֮һֱû߾Ϊһʱֻ̣Ȼʵ࣬˭Ӯ˭䣬ǶԽ첻̫в
һ㣬Ҳܼһȥ

ûľôضʵڡ
û취˭̫ԾĶҲ̫ԾֿӲ˲ͳҲֻܿǿһ

ֵ˴ʮӣȷֻûжˣĲ߳ȥ
ʵҪ⣬ӱϾҧˣڽĶܿ˿ϵİëմ˺ɫѪ
ʵûѡ񣬽ĻǻȥģɼȻѡ׵㣬ɡ

ôߵû
дȴֻ֣бҧϵߴ֮βһҲ׳Ҳ׼սߵͷλϾˣǵ񾭲һϾҪߺȻһڣûôߵĶҺԡ
ĲֿҲôһβŰŰɣͲѲֿˣʣµĿռ䲢󣬷һͷ

βϸɾë˲ĵѪȻ޶һëѹס˿ڣתߡ
Ѫζ̫ˣܻܿΣõԵľ͸Ͻɡ

ҲûܣڼпˡӾճʱʵǴһӵģʱӱˣǸõϵһЩ׼ԭ·ȥҿ
˿ڵѪֹܿˣҲͰһëˡ

ȥ·Ǻңܵʱ۶˲ٹľ֦ѾӺֱײģ·ԡ
˵ǽĻȥ·Сģûоɭе
Ⱥòҵֻӣһ

ӲҲ20ӣóָ֮ƴ򿪣·һСӣСжʮ֧ɫҺ壬ĴӼ﷭Ϣ֪Ӫ
һ֧ṩһʳˮ֡
ֻʣһذס

óذԣذ׿ܷʵҲܷذ׿Աȭͷʯͷʯͷ˲Ͽпƽ
ö
֮ǰذף͡԰Ƥˡ

Ȼ¶Ⱥůͣ˭֪û붬ʱûú·ô죿ܲɣ
ڽҲһôԶȥƤֻźֻӵë
ذױûذ׺öˣذףͲ취һʯпˡ

·ӪĻǷ棬ӺϣŲֿģβĲֿŲˣֻӣذױϡ
Ӳء
ҪľһʺϹҹĵطˡ

ﶼôΣգĿɲ¶˯
˯ĵطĥһ£ûȥ̫Զĵطڸתת

Ȼ˲ʱ䣬ջҵ˺ʾסĵط
һɽ

ڽɽ֮ǰϸҲſеζûŵʲôֵζȻһʯͷȥ
ûж
ȷûĲС߽ȥ

ɽҲ͸պùֱ߽ȥԽԽǿɽ滹䣬ɽһ϶Ǳ͸ɽԼյ
Ľŷ϶Ĺһɽ棬в֪ʲôģѾ˵ķ㡣
ҪǣɽһСˮ̶ɽ϶ĹСˮ̶ϣýĿСˮ̶ɾˮԼɽһСˮ̶ˮ

ɽӦúܾûжˡ
ķһģɽҳһЩСʯͷ˶ڣסһĶ֮ɽһЩɽڵʵʵ

ȻŷԼһԼĵ˿ڣȥСˮ̶մһˮϴ˿ڱԵ
Ѷڵס֮ɽйǵ϶ĴϵͳҪһ⣬Ȼ֡ûá

ϵͳǴˣϵͳǻͦģǶɽİȫûá
Ϊʲô
ôţϵͳĻϺȻһʾǷʵ廯ϵͳ棿

ʵ廯
ڲʵģѵͶĤϣҲ˵״̬µϵͳʵֻһ˿Կģ

ǸϢֻнһˣҪһЩѡʵ廯
ʰһɽĶĸоθյġ
Сˮ̶ˮϴһϴһ裬ǸҵģȥɽûտˮˡֱԣΣյĵطΪֶԼˣǲǵòʧ

οӪǿһˮʳġ
Խûԥóһ֧Ӫһȥ

ԭĶӪһЩģ֪ӪǺúȻѺȣһȥ֡ûо
ûһζҺ塣
ûеõ㣬θҲûеõ㡣

Ŀ˿һ֧ԹܣȻ¶һЦ
ѿҪ֮ǰûʲôֶѿԹܲͦõ
ĸԹװ˵ˮϾ̶֮ǰҪһ¡




3.  ĵ   һСѿ

ֲѿ׼ˣǻȱ˵㶫Ҫһֽ޲Ķ͸̶棬̶һʵĳɳ
ɽҲܲԼ·Ͼ·ǺҪģܾܺöû·Իˣ·ɲ̣ˡ

֪ѪһëͲˣֶѿá
ֻܿȥҵĶպһˡ
粻˳٣ھ֪̳ܸܲһЩȽʵõĶûǵһĽ㹻Ŭȥֲѿˡ

Ȼƣǳȥҡ
ҵһ«έֲ޶˵ЩɵëȻһЩȽʹҶϻȥ׼һ򵥵Ĵ
һγջžҵһǹӵĶǶеӣҲȭͷСڲǿյģƤеԡ

ĹԹܣ׼ӿʼֶѿ
ذӶһ飬ٽӵײһСȻһëȥˮ̶Ǳ˵ˮȥëʪ֮Ŵһװ̶Ĵӡ
һֻʮ̶ǽ̶ϵͳƬȻŰһ̶ŽȥʣµëֽˮȥŽСķһԡ

ȷӻǲ̶ӣҲΪպϳĻǲʺ̶ѿֻһ̶Ųѿ취
̶źãȥСˮ̶ǱϴһͻϵͳԼƬҪԼʲô

ԭļ沢ûйڳһ֣ڱŵķɴϣԭҲû˼ȥԼʲôˣ˶ʮ꣬ԼòҲûôȤ˰ɣ
ϵͳʱջǿԵġ

ǵ˶ڣĹĵģĳ֮˿ƬԼ˲䣺emmm
ô˵ء
ԼԽʵҲ׼пܻһӣһİģ

ǴƬϿȫôһ¡
ϱƶȸߴ˳ɣɾԭϸ΢psȻ񣬵ÿˡ

ģ΢ӡ
ڶеԼɽ֣һ󣬵ûʲôĵطƾܸ鷳
Ȼ鷳һ鷳Ǻõġ

ɭЩԲΪôŻеο
ˣˮϴ˰ˡ

ڶʱ򣬽ĸо۵Ǿ׼޸ܡ
ģ
ˣȻˣ忴ӻǿס

ܴӵļ򵥵Ļһ֫ȥСˮ̶Ǳϴ˸ȻͿ˿Լ̶̶˵ˮ
̶ѿûô죬Ľ̶·źãʼ׼ȥ̽ΧĻ

ɽȷʵͦʺϾסΪھסѡ񣬵ǰǣΧܰȫ
ʶ˾Ӻ;ߣ߾Ͳ˵ˣ㲻Ǿ͵ģӦҲҪСģӶôΣյģ֪Ҳ˺Σյӡ

ڵС壬ʲôﶼ򲻹ġ
ֻܹΣա
ҳ֮⣬ҪһЩʵĶ

Ӫһֻ֧жʮ֧ˣӪЯ˲䲹ҪȻǸڽӪõʳġ
ôҪɾˮڵʳ
ʳ⣬ˮҲСˮ̶Ҫľǻ

Ͼˮⲻ򲻵ʵǲ붯еĶǲǡֻѡľȡ
ûռľȡҪĶС̽ΧĵطȷΧûʲôﶨӣһ롣

̽꣬ɽߣһߣһ߿ʼռ
ľȡҪľܹģ㹻ȼĶ뵽޶ëȥ޶һѣȻȥһЩ֦

֦󲿷ֶǱȽϸģһôֵģһ֦Ǻܳģе㸺ˣذ׿˺ʵһس
ȻصɽĻϢһſʼľȡ

ľȡҪľͷ֮ĦǣȼȼȻˡ
ǰܹѵкܶ࣬Ұѵľȡһšֱ֮ǰôġ
֮󡭡ĳĬˡ

˫Լ˫˵ʵ̫ˣĻˣֻĺۡ
۾ˣۣҰ˿ٱѣٱˣ˫־ͱҪ˰ɡ

ѵҪĺõʱٿĲӪʵڲУҲֻˡ
һף˲ȼһأͿȥˡ

¡
޴ȻŵýĲ
ɲɣ

ôһ£һˣⲻ̫԰ûо϶𰡣ⲻǴףǵˣ
һ飬ҲɽˣӾɽܡ

ɽһűߺȻһɫ׵磬ھŲʮ׵ĵطŶоһ¡
ģ
Ų̧ͷͿ֮ǰʵоۼ˺صƣһ

ȥٷ֮ʮܻᱻ˻ɽаٷ֮ʮĿɽ
Ĺѡ˺ߡ
Ҳûɽȥɽڣɽ汻׸ˣƴűҪܳȥ

ɽҲǶ̡
ʮӵ֮ɽȻһ㳾϶ģɽôסˡ
µ⿴˿Χеңľˣһһ˿ܶסĴ

ĲǵǶģʲô³
ûгȥ

Ϊʲôô£ײеľͶͻţӦýȥɣ
ʲôΪʲôҪЩ
Ĩһ

һкôģǱĴѿĵطԼĻ磬ʰһ飬Ͻȥöȼ֡
ֻҪûһŪ취ȥ

ĵĵطɽ˵һ֮һƽأ棬й¶⣬Ұޣз϶·紵̫ݣʵġ
ˣСĺǻĸ̶ˮ׼ȥ

ҪһֱҪĵĲ϶٣ʵеⲻסۣܹס̱µĳ嶯һѹſĲͣ֡
һͨ˶ð˺Ҳðʱȥϴ裬ɴֽţú찴ĦһԼĸ첲ȡ

Ȼ˹ĿԼĵ˿ڣȻѾˣ
ϵʱŻ˿ڣʺΪʲô˿ڻָô죿
ϱӵҲܺôɣһûҩ£

ѵǼʱǵĻָָôǿЩԼˡ




4.  ĵ   Ҫƻ

ϣľͿʼ̫
ȭģԣеס帺ɾͱȽϴˣϸӲľȭˡ
ȻŻָǿǲسԵĿ໹ǲȥų԰ɣ

̫˶󣬸ǵ״̬ĻϱӺһѧģǸѾ˵ѧͳ̫ĶԱһ¹԰ϴү̫ѧĻе㲻һġ
һһʽһҪ׼ˣð˺

ȴ꣬ĿɫãҲůͣ˿Ҳˣ̲סҪϴˡ
챻Ӻ׷콵ףһֱǲܿˡ

ϵĺȫˣߵСˮ̶ϣպСˮ̶ϣ˵ͦÿġ
·ȫûȥ̾һ

ҲûݣϴͳȻͰ·˴꣬ϴľ֧ڻ߿š
һϴŷ·ܲ·ôĶûһӣ·ܾˡ

οĽĺһӪ׼ȥҵ㶫װˮģÿʼˮȡ
ȻȥԼ̶ˡ
ƿë׼̶ˮĽľȵķ̶֣ѿˣ

ǵģ̶ѿˣ
㣬ҲŽ̶һ࣬˵̶ӦҪŷѿѵǼʱֲҲñȽϿˣ

ʲôԭ򣬶Ǻ¡
ĸ˵ĸѿ˸գȻдģͽѿ˵ˮš

ָͷѿµ󣬰˵Ҫʮ죬ѿ񳤵ø죬ԹҾͲˡ
ĿѿһȰĸס



ڶһ磬𴲺Ǵһ̫ȭһӪȻͳſʼҪĶˡ
Բ̽һģûҪҵĶð׼Զһ㡣

ܰ˽Լϸ΢Ų΢紵ҶĦɳɳ̽ķΧԷһ㣬߳һƬľߡ
۹·˷Ͻע⣬αװ֮

߽߳˴ľ룬۾һ
һƬֲֲӣǿӸߴ˺ܴһþˮͰô
ĸҪȥȻһֵϢİԼĽŸ˻С̽ͷ⿴ȥȻˡ

ʶǳʵӴ󣬻Žɫչβÿ࣬ʵķˡ
ǰɣǼʱзˣ

ţͿֻƷ˵һͷɫļһţ~
ģ
һˤŵĵ׸ߣչ߰׳Ǽ

аȣǼʱĶﲻǰĳʶ
ֻͦÿġ
ǴȿҲͦóԵġ

ĲɫʿˮԼˡ
ӪȻܹΪĻ󣬿Ϊһл񣬰ԣסܳԿ࣬
ֻģܴùġ

Ҫ֪ͨСĹйԵģӶ򲻹ʲô
ı˵סؿڣĬĬʿˮ

ֻ棬ҲóȻðͷŹ뿪ȥӡ
Ȳ˵ܲˮˮͰǺܺõģ˸ɾˮŽȥҲͲÿҪˮҪʱˮˣ
ЩӿͰá

ȻľͶں棬ֻڵͿշţչԼ壬衣
˵ͦÿġ
ľ֪Ҫãֻôϸ趼ô˷ܣ

ӺһֻͨɫȹСһ㣬ҲԲһļ˹ĸˡ
ģԭż
⡣

Ҳֻ֪ôģĸһͨ裬һ֮ͨĸչȥ˲Դ˷ܷȥֻٯٯķˡ
ģͷҪ

ɣôֻ뿪ˡ
Ļԭصһȷֻˣ߳ȥ
ذȻǱϾȽСԼզأѡһôдȴֵӣʮ׸ߣֲӣпյģΧһȦܹˡ

˵㼼ɣ෴ķˤȥ
˵ʵԲӾôȥķô죬ع۲ΧȷûʲôΣΧһȻʼӡ

ʱֻҪһװˮģǿˮģԼһҪװġ
ĸҲͲġҲŲӰжˡ
ĸڣıھ͸Ͻܡ

ԶˣȷֻȥҲû취ҵ֮żŲ
ղȻܣҲǱ˷ģ΢һܻɽ
װ֮⣬һҰ֮Ķġ

ĲֿʱǾֹģŽȥʲôӣھͻʲôӣҲһֱЩôɣ
Ȼ˵ÿγԵʱٿ⣬Ҳ̫鷳ˣڽ⿾ãǽƷɡ

ȻֻҪ˽ĶܳԣԣҲһ¿ζ
ϵĶȻֵֹģʵϸһĥֻǽǰЩֲﶯŴˣܸײһ㣬ӦûǺơ

Ҳ˵ϸңҲҵԵϵĶ
Ҳû˵һǿԼҵҲȥ֮ҲῪʼˡ

Сжһθעֲûгӡ
вֲﶼ˹ӣЩӿȥɫģһû죬ֱԹҪǱйĹӡ

һ·ţȻҴһĶ顯ҵǰĵϡ
ղӦһ㣬ҵľˡ
ĿŵϺͮͮƻĹӣܸӡ

ţٱƻһ£໥ãղҪǱƻһ£ֱȥ
ƻбйĺۼ
ϸ˿ƻ

ƻȷʵбԹĺۼǸۼӦĳԹ
֪һ㶼ûжģƻӦҲǱƻ
̧ͷ˿Ӧƻֲܸߣߵһۿͷжʮ׸ߣ֮ǰΪĹӹҵ̫ˡ

۾ϸ˿òײŷһïҶ¶һۼĹӡǷˣ֣ȥҲеѣҪƻõĴҲѡ
ƻڵе㻵ˣһС飬ǽĲⰡҲԲô࣡
ʱ͸źĿռ䱻ռˡ

ûϵҲܣˣժǡ
ļƻλã˸ͦԵļǺţżƻ
ƻеأذװѹӱҧ˵һеϸ˿չȥšζͺƻҲ࣬Ӧûˡ

ְˤһˣһƻ˲СһȦҲһȦ
ľ׼Ŵƻڻȥˣ֪ȥ·ֿһֵĹӡ

˵֣ʵζ֣͡һζǺˮζ
Сժһõп
ǵɫҺ壬ţմһ㳢˳۾һ̵




5.  ĵ   

ԵҪʲôȻΰ
ζҪĶܵΣĶ˵ժ

ӲҲȭͷ󣬽ļɼɰռˡ
ǿռˣҲãҪժһЩȥţ϶ǲӶġ

ҲһģȥͿ⣬⿾֮Ӧÿˮܶ࣬Էһռ⣬һιӡ
ô졣
ľûǾںƻɽܡ

ȥʱ䲻ȥ֮ǰͰѻ˲ٴֲ񣬻ȥʱȼţ˻ֳɽھɽԼĵطҵһˮ̶ˮ̶˸ӣʼ⡣
Ȼں;ӴܵʱҧѪ죬ӴôѪ֮кܶѪ

Եβóʱ򣬵̾ʪˣѪζ
Ĺ䣬βϻ˺ܶӣѪӿѪٶȣȻذи⡣
ⶼи˰ƴһ飬һͷһռ䣬ذٶ죬תۼβͺˡ

һô󣬽ĵȻβи
и⣬ѪζʱԱߵ̶ˮȻӿһ㲨ƣıˮ̶ȫûע⵽

иòˣĻһߵ
ߵǺöСȡߵȴȻ˶ͷһˮ̶ߵյֿ棬Ȼˮ̶ԱߣҪϴ֡

ˮ̶ȻƽڽĶµһ˲䣬һа׳ʳȻŵȫǼݣ
׼Ѹٺˣͬʱһذ׹ȥ㻮һ˿ڡ
ˮ̶ﻹкܶʳ㣬ǶڲˮףһֻðͷһССǲ뵽ǲб˵ģڽ˵ͬʱעˡ

ЩʳûʲôѰ뷨ӶǳԵģʳͬ࣬Ҳûʲô
ڽϵģԶģȻˮѪζˡ
Сʳ㿪ʼΧֻ˵ʳ㣬ֻʳķøʳˣںлĸɴཫβǼӸ˹ˮɹѻʣµļֻʳˣȻɿϴ˸֣ҲڸǸˣֱˡ

ϻѪζԽԽأЩʳҲʼɱָΣˡ
Ȼȥʱ򣬽һ·ܵǱߡ
ǱһɣŪǿҲڣĹȥֿºüڣѿռܡ

ڲҲŴȴ֣ʮ׸ߣһڳˮڵȼӦñǰڸߵö࣬ˮǿеġ
ճˮһýϴڣһһԵһ׼Ϊˮ

ˮڼ䣬ذľǩӣھ⣬ʼڻϿ
ڼһιľͷһСӣڻϿţҨһι֭ҺͿȥ

⼼Ҳܺã͸ˡ
ĵķſ⣬ڵһ⿾֮󣬽ϴɾذ׸һ鳢˳
ζ

ĽŵϴɾͲ棬Ȼʼڶ
ӪⶼŵԱ߰ŵͲ档

һͲװ֮ͽͲŽ˿˲ٵĲֿ
Ȼǵڶ򣬵򡭡
ĵĿʵζرŨɽ￾ţҲƮȥһ˿˿

ЩʵѪУҲǽĸԼɽ￾ԭ
ڽɽĸڵڶɽͷһɫȻȻһ£ɫ˫ۣһ˫۾ĳ档
Դתһ£׼˽ڵɽͷ



ĵһδĸͲڶҲĸҲһ˸Ͳ
һͲˮһװ˺ȵˮҲ˵ֻʣ
Сʱ⣬ͲװˣιҲֻʣһδ֣Ѷʰãĥ쿾˴֮һ⣬ȥһЩڻͺá

ڻȽϴ취ڿһ²ֿɡ
ιҲˣӦöȥ׼һЩι֮زˣҲҪΰɣ

ʰãһ̫
ûǣֶѿǸЩë˶һСƬɫ͸˳



˯ǰ̶ѿ˵ģʱ䣬˰죬Ҳһ죬̶˵ӦҪܷѿģôǼʱֲ˻Դ
ѵЩøĶֲôģ

ҲǺҲ²һ£̶ѿ磬ȻǺˣͳϵͳ̶ѿ˸գϸ̶ѿ˿̵ģ˳ѵڶҳ
ʣµģǵԳԵʱĵҳˡ
ĥţԼ˭ǿԿʼСײˡ

ȻСײȽϿ죬ﲻһܰȫȵһ֮һ԰ȫĵط֣ףҲҪʱ䣬Ǹֵʱ䲻̫
ֲȽϴֵ֮ʲôΣҪ뿪ֲǲ̫ô뿪ġ
οȷɵһͼ֮мͼãֻһҲֻͬʱһֲ

ĵһҲֻ׼ָСײˣֲͲ͹ˡ
ͲװˣҪµڣǾ͵ȥ˵

ǵڶĽľȥֿȥˡ
ûпֻ󹫼ĹŴ󹫼Ӧ·ﲻĳѨ
Ǿ̫ˣԺȱ˿ʱ

С߸裬ѡʺϵӣΪҪӵĽѡһűȽϴӡ
дͰô֣Ĺ۲һ´ԭбĽǶȣȰбһжˣк档
һ죬Ķ䣬ذֺܷһӷַӵ顣

£Ľӿһһڵģװ˲ֿ⣬룬ѡһֱ۴ϸڿֿԴһڣֻʮңֱ۳һС˵㡣
ֻ˸һģһθպá
һ״ˮˡ

Ĵˡ
ĸĸ桮¡Ĵ󹫼
⻹ҵ
ộˣ

ĳ֮ǰѲֿ쿾ɽھ˲ڣ滹ճһطԷι
ιǳһǹľϵġǼʱĹľ׸ߣıܿľϵĴ̿ʼժι

ԸƽǶժιֱֿѾˣĲ֣ͣʱľ޶ͺˡ
ضĽĴſռιȥյɽڣŲȻͣסˡ

ԡ
֮ǰȥʱ˵㲻ԵļǺţЩſڵڳһǣûˡ
ɽϢԥһҪҪȥǾҧȥ

Ĳ˵ɽˮԴͻֶڼġ
ȻǱˣв֪ĶȥˣɹǿãԾж͵ȥӦҲвĳ

ôŵĽһҧǷŲȥˡ
ɵȿɽеǸʱ򣬽ģ
ǷǸˡ

ȵȣվŵλãŵġ
Ŀ첽߹ȥԼ˵Ͳ
أ




6.  ĵ   ¸˹

ľйɻð
˭ԼܵĴ͵Զû˵
ڴ٣ҪҲࡣ

ֳܹ㹻֮ʳ֮ǰʳﶼǽȱġ
ڷһ˽ʮ֮һʳԵŹ֡

˭ҧ˭Ҷģ
˻ӦģһĬ
͵̧ͷˣ˵㡭

δ䣬ˡ
֮ǰֻ˵ıӰɽҲȽϰֻԼһɫ·û뵽ǣȻǸȥʮꡣ

곤һźܾµȴǵĮһ˫ͫ׺ڵøŨǴһС
üͷ壬ȴͻ˼֣ҲǱǵģ
ɳĬ

ģ˵
궢Žģûʲô飬ҲûжԽĵĻӦ

ĺΪѡ
ǸˣǸ֫ȫȴ֪ԼĳˣԶ㶼ԥĽ˸ϳȥ˵Ҫʳ
Ǹδꡣ

Ǹеɵġ
ĶδȻϧͻһЩҲǱŵģһסǺһס

¸˹Žģüͷ
֣ʳ﻽ϹʳǿǿӦ˹ʲô
ڰ¸˹ǰ˻ӣ˵𣿡

¸˹ǰе㷳Ȼ๩˭ԹС࿴๩ķϣϸϳȥ
ھߣѾĸˡ

귢һȻתߣ˸ˡ
Ҳһ£ߵ˶ڣۿϾҪ߳ȥˣĿıӰãһҧһԼͷˣǸСء
Ϊǰˣû취һδȥ

ط̫ΣգԲֻ͵Ե뿪ܲһ죬ͻ档
ڱ͵ԵĶԾĻϰߡ

뵽ĺһȵȣ
¸˹ŲɲĴ׷ȥڰ¸˹̤ɽڵһ˲ץס

Ҫ˵ģɿµİ¸˹Ȼһ¡
ɽʱȻл⣬ɱϾôԽֻܿ괩ź£ڵ£ܿȷʵź£ǺΪļ򵥺²һ
кɫ˿İƣɽİԣ¾ˡ

·̫˰ɣһ˻е
кɣȴ¸˹һϣ֡
ǽĵһô˵ءԺо֣

ֲûɣʶĽ˽̧۴һ꣬еĻƽϢڲء
·㲻ʲôղŴæ֣зӦûֱӷôıץס

һɫ棺㲻һ˳ȥ̫ΣˣˣɣﻹȽϰȫ
˼ֱۣץһǲǻֱӶ˵ľ

볤ڹܻӦһιѾĸˣȻҪࣿȻ඼̰
һ˿ᷳҪǿг֣Ϳɿ֣һҲġ

ģ
Ծ˵һˣ
¸˹˵˺ͽļ֮ĵڶ仰֪֪˭𣿡

ҪֻǾã㲻Ҫܾҵĺ⣬Ҷûж⡣ĺ档
Ȼûж⡣
ԾжͻҶʣˡ

Ҳǿʲô飬ͬûͬĻסûɣʱ˵ǺܰȫġŬ˵¸˹
¸˹Щ⡣
ȻҪǲ֪ΪʲôĹǰܹĹ̫һ

ﲻһȭͷ˵ľһʱֱ治Ǿе֣ǲᡣ
ҽɽɣһҪ⣬Ҳ԰ҡк¸˹

¸˹ĬãҲ֪ǳʲô뷨ȻĸŽĻȥˡ
ҽнģԺĽ㣬ʲô

֣
¸˹񡣡
С£ˮ𣿡ʰһɽڽˮʰ¸˹

ˮǰֻտݹ
¸˹ĳĬԶɲᣬ㶼⡣

֮ǰץס¸˹ʱͿ֣ϸ壬֮ǰǱģҲ֮ǰһ壬ճչˡ
ķð¸˹ˮϸϸĺ˵ͲˮˮȥɽϽӡҺ֮ˮʼ֮ˮպˡ

¸˹ûһʱҲֲǲڿѣˮûô죬ɴȥ⡣
ʱ򣬰¸˹һֱߣƾó⴮Ȼʼ⡣
пռ

¸˹˽һתͷȥԾĻ硣
ȻڿٿУȴҲûкӰ¸˹񣬿¸˹䣨ڻԱ߷пõ⴮ݹȥԵ㣿

¸˹ŵݵǰ⣬Ϊû⻹ߵ˵ݡ
ۣĿҲս⿾սıӾŵζ
ӹ˿⣬ҧһڡ
֮ǰԵĺó˲١

ʣµĿ⽪Ļһſ꣬Ϊ¸˹ܳԣҲҰѿⶼ棬ֻ˰¸˹ʣµֶս˲ֿ⡣
ʮӦеķĿ¸˹񣺡ȥϴȻúϢûдҶϴպһ£䣬

¸˹һҶ̳ɵĴԽýĺȻĴûС
ĵ˱ˮȣȻ˼
ȵȣ¸˹ǲûкˮıӣɫˣȥеΣˡ

ڿ֮һľͷһذףʼ롣
һֱֻԿģʵǱƷ

ǰû룬ԣһ롭ˡĬĬһľ飬ʼ
ʱһʽԵ룬֮ǰǰϵȡůˡ
һɹ֮󣬽ľ˳˺ܶ࣬ڶҲ˳Ļѡõһģֱߵľ鲻࣬ҲȻ˫ӳ

룬͸¸˹ˣһˮһԷһǽĵģ˼Ǻ֡
Ȼһͷְ¸˹ǿͳˡ
ȵˮɡĸ¸˹˵ˮȻ뵽Լƻˣҽҵ˵ˮӦζ

ƻ֮һֱķһԣˣҲ볢ζ
óԣ´λȥ취ŪһϾˮá

ذϴϴľ͸ƻȻп顣
г˸պڵִСгһʱͳ˳ζǰƻ࣬ģڸвҪǰһƻҪһЩ
ƻ齪ľͷй룬¸˹߹ȥֻݸԵˮ

¸˹СˮǼ⶯˶üͷ΢΢𣬻ǽӹˡ
ĶƻͦϲģڿʼԶˣֻô϶һ㡣
ͺܸж

̧ͷһ¸˹ƻû




7.  ĵ   

㲻ϲƻЩ⡣
¸˹鶼΢
룬˵´Ҳ׼ˣϲʲôԸҡ

¸˹񣺡š
ģ
Сôô䵭ʲô飿

̾Ϣһи˵ܣһϲ̽ܵˣ¸˹Ҳ׼̫
ƻԼŰ¸˹ȥϴȻһ̫Ҳȥϴ˯ˡ
а¸˹ûа¸˹񣬶Խĵ˵ľǡʳĸˡ

һˣһβٿһңҲ죬ʳķ֮һʣµֻܳԸʮ졣
Ǹ̶ѿĳɳһֱ˳ҲøĿ죬Ҳڵʱѿչ壬׸ߡ
ǿԳԵĴСˡ

ľһմ˵ҳͼ˶ѿϸд͡
ҳɹ¼һͼ
ͼķ棬𽥳һѿͼͼ̰׽ۿɼı

ɹˣ
۾ˣͼɹһɣͼн

һͼ֮Сӣĵ㿪˵һӡʮﶹѿ
ʮﶹѿͿԳ߲˰
İס㿪˵ڶӡʮҡ

ҹҪ̳õİɣ
ĵ㿪˵ӣȻһɫС
һ±ƵĿ˿ܣһ͡

ͼ̶1ʡ
ʣ
ǳľԼԲϷǳԲϷҪԭ򲻾ǿ𣿲̫

˯˾ͷⶼĶ
İסŵһͼɣڶͼԴˣһ˲ͼϣȴ
һѾɣĵȡкȻһء

һƴСӣõֵһ˲䣬֪ôá
ֻҪӵײһεİťһ£־ͻ֮󣬳˽ĺͽõĿɽ˻ﶼܽ롣
Ȼֵķ޶ȵģ콵һȭƷ֡ⲻ̫ܷ

û÷֣̳ʲôһӻɫ˰ɫ̳Ǿʹˡ
һ򿪣ȫӡ
ģ

ҲǺ⡣
ķ˷̳ӣǰֲ涼УûûӡҲУҼ۸ͳһһһݣһʮӣ̳ǻзϣϷΪиȼԴٽֲ̳ʱ䣬ϼ۸ֱһһݣʮһݣһٽһݡ

Ҳ˵ڵĽҲֻʮӻʮݵͼϣֻһмϡ
侲һ롣
Ȼ˲ֿпʾһҪʮһοԴۡ

ģǳ侲ء
ֿʱҪΪʵûжٶҪš
ʱСײ˺׾͹ˣͼֻһһһǱȽϺʵģҲ֪ʲôʱͬʱͼ

Ĺر̳ǣ˳رϵͳ棬侲һ£úù滮һ˼·
ͼ֮ͿʮﱾͼʳףֻҪɹˣͿջһСףΪʳ
ȱʱȽǼʱֲ˻Զ٣

ֻһµʱ䣬ƽʱʡŵãɽͲ÷֣ʡһʱ䣬˵ǲǿȺСײһµһףȻСײ˲ʱµڶͬʱһЩӡ
ֻҪ׼ʱ䣬ӷѿ״̬ͬʱ¼룬ڵֿ״̬Ҫʱˡ

׵ĹӳȻҪʱ䣬ֻǿҪ̫õʱ䡣
ĲŷԼ⡣

¸˹ŽĺȻ㶶ſʼֱ仯Ȼر֡
Сײ־ͺã޷أߣӴСˮ̶Աߣյѷ©⣬Ϊ׵ĵص㡣

һξ׼ӣԲ̫ĵط˰Сʱ㶨ֻ˶ʮСײӺӣƣοĵͷ
ˣֻҪúϣǳ󵱺ôˡ

ֺӣĿʼԵġ
ԵʳȻǿ⣬ĿٵĿ⣬̲סʹһ£Ͻתߡ

ĴӲֿһѶѿһС鿾ƬͲտˮͶѿŽȥٷ˵ι֭Һȥһ㷭
ıǼ⶯˶ʱˣҨһ˳

кһ㡣
Ҫԭǲ̫ʵģֱûͣҲûϣҲỹȥ
ڳζȷʵ

ѿĿڸҲܺãһҧȥд
ĵͷˣҸװһԣ

¸˹Ǽ⶯˶ͷ
ĸҨһȻԼҨһ룬̵Ŀʼ
һ¶ǣ˿ȥ¸˹Ūһ룬ְ¸˹ûꣿ

ҲӦ˵û꣬Ӧ˵¸˹⣬Ƕѿ϶ʣŵġ
ʣҲϲԣ
¸˹񣺡š

ľﲻԣɵĿŰ¸˹񣺡㲻ʳɣ
¸˹ûش𣬷ͲĿ⡣
ģҸ˵ʳǺϰߣÿʳﶼһá

¸˹񣺡
¸˹ԳĬֿŶͷڰ֣ˣ´ҵϲġ

ֲ˵ʱ䣬һֱڲɽȻûдҵ˺ʵĸɲݣŵ滹Ǻܲģɽﻹڻ˺ܶ񣬷ûвˡ
Ǵ黹ýǳ

ôĵҲ˲٣ټÿ춼кúö壬оԼöˣͼȻԣǽܸоԼһЩ
ôҲҪһˡ
Ӵ

жﶼŴ˵ʱĹһԼʵȻѷֻܻ֮֡ǰȽ˳ģرǿĶԡ
ҵԸġ
ʵҲס

ɾӺףûгԵĵĽҲȥս
϶ֱЩգϴҲãֻı춯Ǵܾܼˡ
Ҳܰϣϰɡ

ţͰ¸˹˵һڶͿʼѰҺʵĶֶ
ʱ䣬ȷĿꡣ
һֻһοľӰһͷġӡ

ǵģӡ
ֻӿȽϺöԸϸ˿ֻӦûСܾǲųûõӣֻҧҲȵһ׷ܵҧºͶˡ

ƱۣƱ˲
Ļʱֻӵж켣ȷһص㣬ʼ׼ȥ塣

ʵҲñȽϼ򵥣ϾڽĶ࣬ڿӺ֮룬ѡӡѸеĶˣһر͵͵ذȥʱܸܵһЩ
Ҫ֪ذ׿ǿʯͷһͣٵġ

ҪֻһϾֻã˵һء
ҽϸӣӦǱȽСɵצצΪֻˣȺצӶԱ֮£ǱȽϴġ

õġ

ӵʱ򣬽ɽģΪҪǵӵļͺ̶ȣĻ˺üΡõǺ֣ܳе̣
ãҲӳˡ

֮ǰǶ¸˹񣺡ţɽǰȫģΣգ㵽Ҳ˵Ա߾С





8.  ĵڰ   

ҪӣҪѡʵҪѡ԰Ѵӵӣӿ϶̫ϸһ̫ߣƫӾܵǼط
֮ǰпǹñȽϺʵҲ˺üӣһһǾԲٵġ
Ӹڴһ㣬֤оųɿܻȵ壬ʣµһɡ˶ȼ죬ס

Ӿ׼ߣ֪û߳Զһֻӡ
ģ

ŶֻӳúҪץסֻӺ񰡣
Ҹ˼ǡֻӺڴأ
ľԼе㷽ˣҪĵ뿪

ǸӦûʳɣȻ֮ǰֻӲ֪ΪʲôرҪŪֻʼĶҪҪҧӦҲƽ͵뿪
ˡ
ϸ΢Ǵһµ

ںһһһõľ뻹ˡ
£Ĳ㶯ˡ

Ĳ֪Ϊʲô֮ǰʱֻһֱûг֣壬ûüߣͱײˡ
ôùɣ
²ۣĵȴڷתԼôֻӸŪȥ

Ȼû취ֻӾȷ˽ĹԲǿʼԽķ
ĹýĪ죬׼ȭͷ޶ĵԴ
ʱԴ޶һ²Ÿպãһ޶ȥʧȥһμɣҪʧȥԼļɲУ

һ飬ת࿪Ⱦܡ
ֻӲҲζʵǺǿϾ׶ڣʲôǴġ

ֻӿǽĵߣĵĶȤQ׷Žܡ
˵ģʱ򣬽ĻںҵţֻӹȻã׷ǿȫû֮ǰֻǿ

ĺȻܿһ㣬ȻԱһֵһڣ˲ȱһ롣
ģ
亹еͷ

ȻҲǵģ֮ǰľȷġ
ֻõٶȲȽ٣Ҫٶ˦ֻãҪúܳʱ䲻˵´òһˡ
岻ǰ׷ˣ

Ȼ׷ţҲһһ»¡
ľ֮ת䣬׷ᣬȴûзԼѾһ򣬾ȻŽܻȥˡ
ߴӷŭһһ˳ƶӵһצӹִ˺Զֱȷû׷ˣŻͷ

ߵӱŽŽŵţһ˫׶ھ治׵ĵطΰεģʱĻͷӷŭķߴߴ
ûſڲԶĵط۲ӡ

룬Ȼǰ֫ʮ㣬Ƿȱģ֮ûƾԼҧϵ
ҽ׼ĵطɻͦԶģҲжɡ

û֮
ˣȻû֮ڽȷ޷֮Ҫʱ򣬲ͱӸҧһڡ

ǵģûģ޷Ҳġ
ģ
ǲеˣ䵽ˣΪʲôҪأ

޷ֻӣôֻܿǡȶֻӣֱӰιȥɣȻʱܻӱһ㣬ɱϾôһֻǺܺõġ
뵽ĵͷ֣ܻڷŭķߴߴӣԼˡ
ӣ

Ļȥʱ¸˹ڻԷĵҲûһ
ϰԸĽҲ⣬˿ԼСأİСӽˮ˵ˮȣ˵ƻԣƻʱԼƻˡ

ֻһƻΣʣµľ͸ˣ⼸ÿ춼һ飬ƻ˶пˣƻڳȥ
ţֲֳ֪ܲҲʧֳͶһԴˡ

ҪܰҲûѿҲһԶģĹԼҪ飬̲ס˵Ͽ˿
ȻӵûܣǱϾطΣգӵ˱أ

ķֿԱӣڲ˵أԶɽӦòҪˡ
οɽͦȫסôˣûпж롣

ֻԥӣľ;ѷùȥӡ
ҳȥһˣܿĶŰ¸˹һ䣬¸˹֮еûлӦ

ٶȺܿ죬ѷָ֮ڷģֱӻȥģ뵽ƻˣһתƻǱȥˡ
ƻܸߴ󣬲ĵָֻòһ˶٣Ⱥǿ˲١
һȻеˣǽŬŬȥˡ

ĽԼͷðĺϸЩƻ
Ҳ֪ǲƻе㲻ͬƻǳϵϣ屾ͱȽ̽ҿӦáû°ɣ

ꡣ
հοԼ˿Ľģ
أذԼջ

ʵµ֦ѾС۴֣˵ڳܲסκαôһƻͦأǺƻˡ
˳Ųذȫģ׳֦ѾȻ̧ͷ

ȻұϵĲժϵأ
Բûнӵ֦ѾȥժƻֻҪժͿ̷ŵռ
ĵʳﲻ٣ռǿճôһˡ

ôŵĽĿʼ
ģϾʮףΪȶ֦ѾȥҪСҪ
һŲȥŲֵ֦ѾϣҪǸƻ

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ƻ񳤵еι̡
֮ǰһôģ

̽ŷſֻ֣֦Ѿֻűƽ⡣
ֻסƻȻʼһ
ƻǸ֦ѾƻûҲ⣬ƻ֮󣬾ֵס֦ѾȻóذס

ذһƻĹǺ׵ģֻһȥƻ˲µļ̧һȣƻϡ
Ȼյ˲ֿ⣿
ֻҪûֿģֻҪκһطģսֿ

Խ˵ǸϢĲֿǿģһĳ̶ȡľֿܸϲ
ǶԺˣڽһ󶼲ã˵ˡ

ҪԵڶƻƣһ
ģ
ԥһԱߵ֦Ѿϡ

ȻͿԼվŵһ֦Ѿˡˡˡ
ҪϣĽܾļˡ
ǳ˳飬䵽Աߵ֦ѾϣĨĨԼͷϵĺ

ղ֦ѾȻѣΪýŽƻʱǳеԸպ֦Ѿͳܲסˡ
ҪҪժƻ
Ȼǡˣ




9.  ĵھ   

˵һƻľ飬ĵڶƻȽ˳ժժµһ˲ͻ֦Ѿ
ƻռܹɵļˣʣµСռ佪׼ȥ޶ι
ҵطιιҲռ̫ˣɹҲӦճˡ

ȥ·ϣĻʲôɹαȽϺãʵñȽϿ֮Ķʵ̫
ȻصɽľιɹţңһҲû⡣

ЩιɽһС䣬ҲǽŷȻʮŸιһιһ㣬Ȼڳȥ
ιڳȥ֮󣬽Ŀʼš
ɽڸһƬûбľڸǵģιһɹ̫ɹɹžе㷸ˡ

֮ǰ֮ϼҰһƬɽֵأõʱҡοʼƣ˾Ϳ˯һͿȥԼֵСײˣȻԼԷ
ڡ
ͻĴԽļƻ۾˯ʱ룬ﲻǰֻܰһɽ԰ǡ

ĺƽ֪¸˹ɽ˳һֺɻǼΪ⡣
һ۽ģϢ뿪

ģҪúõģְڵ㣬ְһֱߡᣬȴ˰ĵͷ
ľԼӽǲ̫ԣúܰŵģȴҲܶ
ú£һжаְڡ

ְ
һһҪúûȥǵĺǿĺӡ

ʱⶼ˸λգԭطһԼ˸ֵΣڶܼǵԼ±Ƶ飬һ£ȫǲԼεʲô
һ㶼ǵá
εǲԭ飿Ϊԭǵã޷

ͷ
ҲϲˣȻ벻Ͳ˰ɣҪ飬ġ

ιŲ˸طַŵ̫ɹŵķλĽɽ׼ϴеƻԣһȥͷе㲻ԡ
¸˹أ
ôһأȥˣ

Ķ˲ƻˣɫ࣬ɽҲ˿ȷ¸˹ɽɫ˳ȥ
û̫ĶԿ϶ǰ¸˹Լߵģǡ˯ˣ¸˹ҪȻû

һǻţǻ˶٣еԱɣ
ܹܰ¸˹ܣǱϾ¸˹СǺܵİ¸˹᲻Σա

¸˹̫ɽʱŻģʱĶιú÷ɽ¸˹ʱҲǺȻһ䣺ˣ
¸˹һ۽ģ˻ԡ
Ե㶫ɡĵݹȥ⣺ǾͿԻζˣҲ֪ϲϲ

ϾСе졣
¸˹ûҲϰӦֻǻеǡ
⺢ǲеԱˣֵأҰУӲ̫а

ĳ˼һ£Ǿ󲿷ʱɣڿ⺢ӳ˲֮⣬Ҳû⡣
һ½ľԼӦúͰ¸˹˵
ʰãڻԱ߳Զ¸˹Ҳ˹ĳԣȻ

ȵȣȻڳԶԶе㲻̫һĳԶͱȽ䣬㲻ʲôÿɰ¸˹һһš
⻹ǽĵһϸ¸˹ԶҲȷ˰¸˹ڱ֮ǰݲһ㡣

ôһ룬Թӵİ¸˹ŹôС͸ˡ
С£´γȥԺ˵һȻ֪ԱҲᵣĵġ԰¸˹˵

¸˹񣺣
С̽
Լң¸˹嵭ϲŭ

ҲԼ㣬ֻǵ㡣Ĳ̫װ¸˹뵽ȥˣֻͣǾãΪͬ飬֮ԶһΡ
ͬ顣¸˹ŲߣٺͽĽ

СȻԱա
̾ϢһȴûͰ¸˹˵ˡ

ĵӳ죬ʱ򳹵ˡ
ĵʱֻӻװ͵Ϯ˽ģڽ䶼ûзӦûˡ

ǽġڷ֮ǰİһȦŰ
Ȼһ⣬ֻӶˣ߲·ˡ
ôһӣûǸߡ

Ҫ͵ؽз֣ӻȥʡ¶ˡ
ڽذ׼ֵʱ̱ڵûӺȻҧȥ

ʶذ׸һ£ȻduangһӵĴ˵ϡ
ĬǴʱ˿̡
ĿǴӵǡôô벻أһëһı鶼ûסһЦ˳

ôɵӣҶ᲻ɱˡĵȻֻǿͷ˵˵ذ׷Ӳԣһȥɴ䡣
ߴӷ΢ĽŬҪȻӣʧȥ˴ûˡ
ۿʧȥϢķİӵƤȻദˣӵҲгɰƴһ飬ȻˣֿѲˡ

Ľ챾ûɱӣ㲻㣬ֿ汾ͱһֿռ䣬ʣµĿռôһֻȷʵװ¡
ýķʣµɣҲ⡣
ôһֻС⣬ã˭֪´ܲɵСӡԱ˵Сӡ

Խĸֿˡ
ʮ˲ȥ˾ŸľĿеۡ
ֿҪһӣи⣬ʱʱͶĤϵͳĻϿֿʱ

ȲֿãĵһʱѲֿ򿪡
Ȼɴۡ

ΪĲֿ߷һס
ʵϵĲֿף׳ͷܹʮס

ֿ֪ô˰
ľǾŸһúֵ
ֻǿһβֿҪĽңĬĬסԼ˼

ڶβֿҪһٸҡ
֪Ľһ÷ֻһͼͼʱ䶼ȽϳԼܳһʱ䶼ֿˡ

ӼֳССģͷҲ׼ȥĴӲֿóտˮϴ˸֣Ƥɾɷŵ˲ֿһ㡣
ӵƤˣͲĺȻˡ
ȥһ£Ϻõ̺ӣֻô󣬾Ƿֳ̺Ӷǹõġ

ʰãŷߡ
ֿζԽڷ洦ҲûҰΧǵˣѪζҰѭټ

ʣֻ࣬ɫģӴҰޱӶ˶Χһתת׺ݴŴѵĶһ
Ȼǽ뿪ķ




10.  ĵʮ   ϳС̣

⴦ãûŻȥ·ɢɢϵѪζ˳ȥǱ߿
һεô࣬ҪҲ࣬ҪĿ뻹֪Ҫʲôʱȥˣʵ
ȷϵѪζɢˣĲСǱȥ

ʵĲΣգϰԵĽС˼֡
Ҳ

Ϊڿ֮󣬷˵㲻ԣȻֻÿĴ󹫼Ȼֳ棿
ֻ󹫼Ӧ·ôȻֳˣѵĵ̣
뵽ĺð亹

ǰʱֻ󹫼ڡ
ϧ˴󹫼ֻȡ
̲סھ͹͸⾢Ĵһ£οԼû¡

⣬ԿԣҲóԣһҪԼȡ
߶߶ȴҲ˿ڻȥһͷڵĺˣ׼һ˳һΧȻϽܻؼҡ

ôŵĽĸСˣޣ˵ʱҲûһΣն͡
ֱײһʲô
ģֲõԤС

е㽩ӲתͷͿһƬɫԼ˶ģһߵĵ
ҩ衣
ĿмǸ˶Ȼѷըۻɫ̽˳Ȼһнȭͷļͷ˳

ǰд󹫼дĸһ飬˳Ǹ϶˵
滹ĵҺҲ˲ԼǺһֻСƼһΪԱߵҲʼƣƿǵ

һ£󹫼ʹĸһʱҲôСƿˣǲ̫˵㣿
ţĬĬ§ס˵СƼĲӡ
Ҳ֪ͼϲزӣȻֻСвǡ


ม

󹫼ʹĸڽʲô۵ģߴߴߴߴ𣬽ڵװ
Щ鲻װԽģһֱӱƿˣ󹫼ļС
ģھ鸴ӣܸӡ

ˣӦԼз⣬ڼҲûˣֱֵףڿ˷֣󹫼ʹĸڷΧ֮ڣҲûá
ôƴûпԶ󹫼ʹĸԶ
пܵġ

ڽҪʱ򣬴󹫼ͷһ
ĸҲ̽ͷҲһ
ֻȻﶢŵĽģ

͡ͺܽš
Ҳһ㲻ԣֻ񡭡ûйԣ

ֻͼŽĿԱ߻۵Ľ죺ߴߴߴߴ~
ֻСĽۣǴ󹫼ʹĸȫûа߷ŹȥǶŽڵǣģֿ§ŵСƼȻǴĸȻͷߴչ

ĲĹȥ뵽˫еʵ࣬סˡ
Ȼ͸оԼ˲䣬΢ȴƺҪȥ

ﲻԵӡ
תͷӴƼĶ濴˹ġ
ȵȣǲײƼԼˣ

̽˳ӵȥʵǷֻͼȻһ١
ûС
ֻͼȻĿֻСȻ˹ֻСɲСıײĹһ£ס˿

תȻ⼸ֻûж⣬ǲǿԳûˣ
Ĳô룬½Ǿһء
תͷһǺһǵֻСƼס䣬յͷ

΢ʹʹûԼ·Ҳֻ̫͵뷨ô̥ˡ
ƼԼĸӶˣ˼
Ȼĸһ֣ҲһӣԲŻҲûаչ˺ãûϵԺչ˺ӵģ

ģ
ΪʲôоֻƼԽԽ᣿ᵽеӣֻ͵͵뿪ܴƼʹ󻨹İ
Һֻһֱҧ½ǵļô°ôͶأ

ĿƼ򣬰һСҲһ£ȻоϢİ
ڴƼˣ
ķŰڴƼû̫ãһʹȥ֮ǰɿ˳

ڴںĽƼԱߡһȻƼͷҧ½ǵСƼԴһ£졣
ĥԼǲǿԳûˣƼ죬Ȼڿա
Ȼ͵˴󻨹ıϡ

ģjpg
ĨĨԼͷϵĺ̲סƼͿƼԴ˲Ӵ󻨹ıϲȥ
Ǵ󻨹ԼĳĲסȻƼøȰˡ

Ƽ̶СҪúñ
̶ģ
ıڴ󻨹ϣҽ˴󻨹ѡ

֮ǰûߣҲڱԵӣԵȱ󻨹֪֮жԼиѡ
ôˣΪʲôиѣƼҪСأ
Ҫụ̂ľͲײôӦѾȥˡ

ɽĺʹ󻨹ԲͨɻҲûʳ
ֻǡʱ䲻ˣھǱ߾ͷ˲ʱ䣬ڶˣҪ취ȥУȻ¸˹һɽô죿Ĳô죿

뵽ĸӼᶨԼ͵ߵͷ
˵ˣֻͼԳˣǺȻԴô죿Ҫ

һ飬۾ҿ׼ߡ
ûأǰȻһĴָϸƳĳӡ

ģ
սԺ۾ɴ󣬿˵סӵǸɫ๡Ǵĸġ
ĿԴֹ㣬ѳǰ˵ݡ

Ĳ³ӣôһֻӴյǰе㲻ӦҲǳ鶯ķȸҡͷܾ
Ƽִ˴գסͣԴҡøˡ

ƼôʳôĳӶԡ
ĵľܾƼԴһŤֻӾ䵽һֻ໴СƼ
ۿʧĲŷ

ȻͿֻͼֿีĻཻ
עתƣ﷭ȥ͸оԼ½һء
ģ

ͷȻһֻСƼ
ʵֻСƼò֮࣬ǰֻͬĴһӾϳֻСҧס˵½ǡ

׼͵Ҳ̫ȻѼְֺͼֹͲˣקק½ǣ֮еûק
ǡ
Ŀ˿ԼĲֿ⣬ĴָСһпƻյСͱϡ

ֻСӶ˶Ȼ¿һСƻ
ϾûӦԱֻС̾ʹչ˵Ͽһƻ
һڣû֮һ

ڶֻֿһڣھֻʣ˽ֱһ顣
СڷӦˣͣͶιȥԥѡ

Ѳһڽ˵ѷȥǶֻûãֻһһС˵Ͳһˡ
̽ͷ̽ԣܹԴѵıԵȫû취׷

㶨ˡ
ĿٺˣۿԶֶˣȻڿա
ģ

ͷͿһźƶɫëš




11.  ĵʮһ   ˫صİ

ֱ󻨹ȥˣȥֻ󻨹ͷƵԴһڣͷһۣԼͷԼûһͷ
ȻΪԼӵĴ󻨹ģͷܰȫ
ǾһΣ󻨹ʹĸǾ裬ֻضһֻᶢֱˣֻͼԱ׼˯ı˯ŵʱܵģVIPڴĸĿ֨˯

㻹˵ůůͣǰҹſԼܲ͵͵ߵʱ򣬸նһ£Ͷ˶ͷ
ģ
һֱֻɣ

ڶʱ򣬽ĸ𣬾˺ε顣
ûôԶǺܼǶȥôˣȷʵе㡭ֻȥС£ĸƨߵߵĸˡ

֪һֻôŵ£Ҳ˼
һ㣬ĸͷһ㣬һ㣬ĸͷһ㣬Ƕš
ģͺΪѡ

ĵ˶㣬ĸԴƹĸоԼеΣˣ˲ϱԴĸļɵֱһ۾Դ
ĸҲ֪ΪʲôƳȥ֮Ȼûм˼һӣܲܳô˻ߣǡ̫С

ֻڲϢֻͼۣܣҲ׾ͱ׷ϣֱҪװķֵ
뵽źܵ뷨˳ԭ·˳ȥͿĸڵ

ȿĸԴֿһ㡣
ģ
ɵĿŴĸȴĸɼ֣룬̽ڴĸĲ

ĸ̧ͷȻóŽĻȥ
緹ĸĳӣʮȻܣҲÿ⣬ɴ˵ƻ˵ֻС͵͵⴮ſʼ̫
ûǲܻȥ̫Ҫġ

ֻ̫С̾úһĴչһĶһҡҡλΣצӻӳģҪǽĶ㣬Цˡ
͡
ĻûסЦ

ΪֻͬСڸ̫ʱһСצצˤˡ
Сˤڵϻе£ãȻĿŽģԴԣߴ
Сеȡ

סͷĳ嶯̫СҲӵŤŤĸŽĴ̫
һ״꣬ȥֻСһСֻ̣С̺׽ˡ
ֹֻСֻ̣С̶׽˵㡣

ѵΪղŵĴ̫һˣ֮
Ĳ̫ףʱߣҲסеĽ
зһʳɽϰߣȻ࣬ǰ¸˹ԸǹģˣЩ󼦷ɷ͵͵ߣгɹĻᡣ

ҡ
ȻЩ󼦰ӣǲԹĿӣӶٻȥ
Ŀʼ

Ҫ飬һʼȻܴӴĿʼ㣬ѡһôϸӣ̽İ˰͵͵óذ׻һ¡
ǲһӶˡ
ߴСɻͷĽסӣȻȻȻ󿿽һһڵġ

С̲ųãһúܣ¾ͰӸһ
ģ
ˣôã

ĿֻС̻ĺܿģɴ׼һӻ
뵽һתͿ˲ԶĴ󻨹һͿ󻨹һȻתͷһģһôӵ£󻨹һǺȥ档

ҲǺֵܿġ
߹ȥűˮͰҪһӣɵ̧ͷ˿󻨹๡
Լûʹ󻨹һܣǲóԵĴȶûĶ֣ȻˣԼôһӻҪӲ

̽óذףִ󻨹ȫ⣬ʼиͲǱСӵСˣܹӡ
ӾͲôױݲеˣοĻʱʱһСƻǲҪҡ

ͲЪЪСһͷ˽һȻ˹ֱӰѽĸ˵˵ϡ
ģ
ĸɴڵϣ̧༦ӵë

ųļϵëʹĸϵĲһëָҲܺãţּһֻڼϡ
ֻСҲ׽࣬˯ˣֻҲչҪԴҲ࣬ȻֻСΧŽ˯ˡ

ģ
ҲеС˯˹ȥ

һ˯еã˯֮󣬽ľúܷɡ
תͷһƼſԱҲ˯ֻС̻û󻨹֪ȥˣЩӡ

˵ʵôãղžȻ˯ĵʱȻС̵Χ֮˯ô㡣
̾һǶ˯ˣȻ˷֡
ЩС̵ķûôأĸҲȽԶŵ׼뿪ڼСһҧס·һƻʹɿ͡

СһԶ룬߳ףС̴ӷŲ˳Ȼףʮס
ֵ߳ʱ򣬽ӵĻͷһۡ
ԺҪԴȣֻǲ˵ġ

Ҳһ˲񣬽ĳŷ־Ϳʼܣڻûڣ˼ײ˷֣ɽܹȥ
־ɽҲ·̣ٶͦ죬ܿܵ˾ɽֻĵطҲʱȻġม
ģ

ֲ̫õԤС
ǸԽԽ
ĲһͷͷǰܣѾ

รۿѾܿˣĴʱҲѾ˾ɽֻ߰˰׵ĵطǻͷһۣ󻨹Ѿ׷˺ܽĵط
Ҫڻȥ
͵͵ܻһԭǲô󻨹ʹĸ֪ɽϾɽﻹһ¸˹ֻԵĹǿֻȥˡ

İסȻӿ࣬룬ɴ໹ǹ˷֡
Ϊܳô͹ˣڿֻ󹫼˳ķҹȻʵûжô
뵽ľͿ󹫼ǰӲһżϿһּСҪƤʱҳָо

ģ͡΢
ֻ󹫼ȻҪýĵԴԥһ룬ûж㣬ֻ󹫼µĳҲĲأȻҲ޶еվȾˡ
ร󹫼ŽһͨУȻתŽĻ˻ӳǺϡ

û
վԭһ󹫼ûиϣͷȻ߻һͨ
ԲҲܸȥҪҲܴ󹫼ǲöһ˵

󹫼ͷŽģʶվֱ˵㣬ͷƤԼķ顣
⡭ֱȥɣ
󹫼ԴȻĲԤ֮еĸоˡ´ܣֻϣ¸˹չ˺Լ

ĺȻɴۡ
Ϊ󹫼ûеȥֻ˲ȻӺ﷢ڹó
ַˡ

ֻ󹫼ôô񡭡ԼСȥԶƴļҳ




12.  ĵʮ   ɽ

̽ɽǱߣ󹫼һڣͣǴ󹫼ûмץȥҲֻǶѡ
ķˣ
֮ǰʹ󻨹ǶµҪ뿪Ҫˣ󻨹ܲҪߵʱȴߣ⸴ӡ

һ֡ɡ
Ļͷȥһ˴󻨹Ŵ󻨹֡ˡ
Ҳһң׶ߵĴ󻨹ǰСӡ

ڽҪջ֣취Լˮƽ߶ȼӸߵʱ򣬴󻨹ͷһ˫ںڵԲԲ۾ͷ
лл㡣ıסԴ

ֱ߳һκԶĲŸо󱳵ʧ΢ɲ̾һԼ֮⻹ȥǽӹɡ
İ磬ܹиҲһ¡

ĺţȵɽڣЩĵŽȥ
ΪԼῴһ˵ɽϾ¸˹һͲֺģ֮ǰһԵܳȥţ¸˹ǻᾡȥҰ¸˹ġ

ǣ¸˹Ȼɽһ£ȻЦˡ
Ȼ֪¸˹Ϊʲôûߣһܿͬĸоá

ȥ˿µʳȻ¸˹Ѿʳˣ֮ǰĻҲˣˣľȡҲˣԽĻһ¾ľȡȼѡ
ѺˣĲȥ˿µСײ˺ס

ҵӺͶѿӲһѿҪÿཽˮżˮûʲôԣԽȻôûҲ⡣
ĸˮȥԵǱߣȻЩĳԵĶˣӲֿõݸ¸˹񣺡ȳԵӣҽٿ⡣

Ȼǿ⣬϶ǲͬζ뿴¸˹᲻ϲ⣬¸˹ϲҲҪ´һʱſȥɱˡ
¸˹ǿտţתӣɵþ䵽˰¸˹ȥˡ

˵ʵһӼҲ٣¸˹µûмİĺӣһ
ĿþˣһֱûжٷӦİ¸˹תͷͰ¸˹ӵһ˲䣬ĶЦЦǡ⿾ˣȻһȥ

¸˹ӹ⣬⣬ʼԡ
Цп⣬ʣϲ𣿡

¸˹ûлش𣬵Ǵ˵һڻԵڶͦġ
ϲҲͷˣһԼԣζȷʵ

һγԵķĿʼźûйҲûϣȻͿĺóԵġ
ͷô󣬲ղϧˡ
ĿԼⱣͷҧһ⣬ŻҪʱȥһϣŴ󲿷ֵӦöҵֻǿܱñȽϴ

ڰţһѿ⣬һΪռ˺ܶ࣬Ͻп֮ȣûȫ꣬ſ˰ֻķͣ
⣬ҲǴ󲿷ֶŵ˲ֿ⣬ϾֿʱǾֹġ
󻨹ס֪ɽҲҪһЩ¸˹ⲻܷ̫ãֻܷŸһģֻܡƷһЩ⡣

ĵλûȫɹãҲɹһЩˣóһι⣬ȻһĴŹɹţʣιҲһɹǽûмɹ̫ʼ׶
ôõӦĵ˲٣Ǻ֮ǰʱԱǾ͸оر

Ŀʼһϵж˶ԳţڸʴС֦߰ϣȭҲǻҪµĲԼɹƵʳҲΣ̫Ķ븺Լˡ
ȵ۵ˣĲų죬Ҳûٿ಻ֱ̱࣬ڵϡ

۾оӿϵƣ룬ҲܵϤģѵĸо
һֿ𽥸оԼС
ŵĽͷȻһӰ֣۾ǰ¸˹վԱߣպõסɹϵ⣬ĵллˡ

ֻǳǲǰԼİ¸˹񣺡
ԽԽ֣Ҫ˵ǿɣʵǿܶ࣬ǰЩʿʿĸǿ
ЩħʦǣҲǿ̫ˡȻУЩ˶ߡ

ɾôһС࣬;һȫ£һûʱ򣬰¸˹ΪˣǺʲôϵ
̽Ѱ磬ʲôݣҪԼΪ
û뿪ɽǾ͸ˣֽҵɽʵɽסҲɽ̫ªһ㡣

ûϵͻѰԼϲıװɽԺ˯ҲֻҪСһС
ǽĻˡ
¸˹Եһֿ⣬һòϣĺܲǰԹĳЩҪóԶˡ

ôڿҿϹķϣ¸˹ԼԶָһ
Բһ

Ŀɲ֪¸˹ʲô˵ģڰ¸˹ޱ̱Ҳʲô飬۾Ű¸˹֣һһɹ̫˯
֮ǰ˯˼ʮİ¸˹񲢲˯

ǻûߣĺȻһ¡û
һʱеΡ
¸˹Žץס֣ŲϣϮң

±֮ΣϮֻһ
ȷʵûио⣬Ȼ⿿Զ⹥ķò
˽ļ룬¸˹Լֽ֣ɽˡ

Ապӡ
̾һ
Ȼ֪¸˹ôԱյģҲԴۣ˽ﻹð¸˹һ㣬ԲŲٵһ档

ǰ¸˹Բϡ
ţʶԶ룬ô˯˹ȥ

һνѵıȽΪ̫ۣǱķ紵ġĲ¶Ⱥ񽵵һ㣬֮ǰϻûôģƤҪϽˡ
ƤдҲӦü׼ˡ
֮ǰż䣬ҪĴܱ֤Ͱ¸˹ܰӭӿܵĶ졣

ǽĿʼøæµ
񣬴ɽʼʷ״ߣȥҹԼԴùҪɹιɹι飬Ķɴιɽɹûʱÿš

ɹιᾧȷʵС״棬ȻͲˡ
ææµµĹʮ죬ȷԼĵڶֻ
һֻվȽĸһɽ򣬽ĻĿ궨ϣΪˣһȳˣʹֻĽǿǣҲԿ

ֻ򣬽ľͲ֮ǰֻһϾﶼɭĶ
ĥĥ仨üȥ壬ָֻͺˡ

Խĵľǡ㲡Ҫ͵͵˾ǰţھ򼴽һ˲˳ȥذĲӣ




13.  ĵʮ   ֮

ĸղǴ֦ģ䵽ֻɽϣһûȥܵʹɽ˲ԾԴݺݻһ¡
һȻɽ򣬵ǶԲرˣϾذҲֻаƳɽȴкܴһûиɽ˺ŭ
Ҳûָһ͸ɽŪ˳ɽζļһݺݵȥ

Уĵһֱذû֣Ҳ˵Ǵذƶ
ԭһͱʱһ˶ɽ˺󣬿ɽĽһ˲ɽСӶˡ

㣡ɽͣӷɿܶŽľҪײȻһеֵĽѾ׼ɽ򼹱ֻΪ徢̫ڵϹȦ̾վʼܡ
ֻɽײһ£˵ĲӸǿһ£ʹкΣʧȥǣڵϣ˲ĳ

˺ɽ׷ңȻһ˲ƫһ㡣
ڵʵ˵Ҫֻɽƴٶȣǲ̫ܵģɽٶȱǿοڿУŭ֮ٶȸ졣
Ժɽƴӡ

ɽͽ֮ľԽԽۿҪײˣȴȻץס֦ϴԱߵɣϽһշǡñܿɽ
ɽȴһͷײϡ
ĲĿɽǵ˿ڵֱһѪ˵ϣûɽ򣬼һ

ֻɽٴܴܹܵԼԽǵʱͶԽԽǷߺޡ
ıĶǺǿģοޡ
ҲɵΪôһֻɽܱ¸㶨ɽײһ֮ܿ׷˹ҲÿζǡжܹķȻûлͷȴźĶ

һʱ򣬽͵ڵϲһ£ɿߣͬһʱ䣬׷ɽԼĽǺݺĴ
üʱȴҲ䣬첲Ҳһ˺ۡ
ԼΨ·İȾܡ

ľڶ࣬Ҳľûɽ׷ϣɽż׷ʱÿʱϾͻһˡ
·ƵĿҲԽԽˡ
ýû뵽ǣɽѪһأײ˺üûй׷ܣоԼ̫ˡ

ģ
ܸ͡ӡ
һֻ˵ɽ򶼸ɲ

ͶԼԼʱǵֵ˽ĽƽͽһʵȻһЩɽӲա
Ȼûкôɽȥɽֲ֪ж٣ȴֶȥüΣһЩ޶սľ顣

ˣֻɽϵʱе㿸ס
Ҫֻɽ̫ˣıֻܿɽĴǣϵĶͷذ״ȥһЩͬʱĵҲɽһڡ

ʹдϴĸɴһݣذ׺ݺѹоԵذиͷĸо
ɽͷƺܼӲǽذҲǺöȻ͸УⲢĵĶ
ҧкݺذͱɽͷǹǡ

ͷɽˣԴʼײԱߵ㹻ɽͷֻ㹻ֱӿ棬ȻɽڷײǽķΪ沢û̫ܵ˺
Ȼ˺Ҳ˺оԼԴˡ

ôѪɽǿ֮ĩֻˣķץɽĽǲ֣ɽԴֱɽݿ˼¶֡
ƴ˭ܼ֣ȵɽʧȥڵϵʱ򣬱ֻмĽҲݺһ

ڵʵҲرãҪ˵صˣȷʵҲûܣ״̬Ǻܺã˶ˣҪǣ¶˿ڡ
¶˿ھ͵ѪζĹ˲Ͻɽһ飬ֱյ˲ֿ⣬ȻɿɽǱܡ
ûдֹҲ˵޷ϵѪζ

ڽģٶ뿪κζصɽֻҪصɽͰȫˣɽûΣġ
ʱʲôʲôƶУȻòԡ
ʵûʲôʲôǽĳֱе㲻Ծ

ɫȻڼܣȴѾٶȣΧȥ
ڣҵһ˿ԡ
ǰһСľ

ľûвԾǹľ᳤ɫëԣղŻʲôӹľԱ߾ڸΣոеɣ
һû̫żҪɫĴȥ
ȻԲ󣬵һûȤأ

һأǰɣ
ǼȻ׼ˣýİȫȫ뿪Ҳǲܵġ

ڽ΢ԶһЩǷʱһӰȻɵشܳڵϼһߣȻ죬ȴżǿѹԺΣոС
·ǰĽ亹ð˳
ţȴԼȷʵûкͺеһֻԿʵ˵ˣû˵ʱܸôǿѹ˳ҲǶ֡

ֻǣӣһܳɹѡ
ذףذ׵Ĺ˿
֫޳Ŀ׸ߡ

ⲻ
Ҫ֪ʲô磬ǶǺ׺ݵĶǼʱȻǸˡ

ô죿
ĺֻ֪ǲ׷ŹΪѾֻǵĿ꣬ҲָֻԼ
ɽԼӹȥ

ܹȥˣҲֻ÷ֱԼɽֻܾܷˣΪǽһΣ޷֤ǲڶΡ
ǡÿ춼ΧģӦúȻײﵽ֪
ѵˣ

ѵǰ¸˹ˣ
һ

ɽӶôҪˣбõӣֻһ붪ԼҲ붪˰¸˹
Ǿֻ͡ƴһˡ

ǲƽȴȻ˳ȥһּٶȷɿܳȥǶһ¡
İǸоζ᲻ôȻˣߴߴģôܿ죿

ǵ±Ҳֻһ˲ܿ췴Ӧ׷ȥ
ĶûʱͷҲûʱȥģΨһһ뷨ǣܡ

ǱٶȾͺܿ죬֮ǰܲȳ˵ɽ򣬸˵ˣĸо޴Ļ׷ŵ˾ǿŨصζ
һҧǿסԱߵһ֦ѾԼһ䡣
Ҳһ˲Ǵǰͣ

ԽΣգľԽ侲
ٶȣȲǣҲûƵģ˵͸С
Щط˳ͨȴܡ

۾ɿܣľƶ׷侲һתþǲɲҲɹþǷŭ
ǾԼûţֻһСȻôöץ
ŭٶȾ͸һЩ




14.  ĵʮ   

ײо׷ᣬĵȴʧɫأȴ˿ɥ
һδεĽζܣüκһֱܳסȻ󡭡
ڽһתʱ򣬾Ҳת䣬ûг֮ǰɲҲûýٴν

ۿҪҧˣǺȻоԼһۣ죬ȴֻֻܿСԽԽԶŬԼȣȴԼǰˡ
ܳȥһξŻͷǲⱻúм䣬ǿǺһȴֻ΢һȻžǺò׷Լǰˣ׼ˡ

ȻԴҲܴ󣬺ˡҲ˲ȥ
¶Ц΢һЩ͸оһѣθдһ飬ݺԼһ£žʱҲ;Ǽ۶СۣʱϽˡ

ȻڶܾǣҲһֱɽģˣʱ˵·͵ɽһܽȥɹŵĶһȫŵ˲ֿ棬ɽ֮󣬿¸˹ɽһ
죬к¸˹˳ѻѸŲһλãŲɽСˮ̶ԱߣŲŲ֣ȷѣ˵أСˮ̶һֶڷ棬˵ϡ

ǰ¸˹ûнڵϻһ£ǿһС£
¸˹ûлӦķӦڷ棬˵ζȥ¸˹Ҳģֻǰ¸˹֮ǰôûŽ
ԹԱȥ˰ɣ

뵽ЦΣӵվϻģϻѪ˿ڶѾֹסѪˣߵĻָ
ɽȥʱ򣬽Ŀԭطİ¸˹
ľһСѣ¸˹ճӰŻζ߹ȥס˰¸˹󣺡С£ҽϢ

Ȼεǣһ֮£Ȼûö¸˹
ģ
ѵôˣȻ¸˹ˣ

ڻ¸˹һƽ̧ͷĻ񣺡¸˹񣿡
¸˹Ƶץֻϡ
ֺֻϸ;ûоצӴôһС࣬ȴ֮ȥ˰ȫĵطҪ

Ϊʲô
ף˳
ʲôΪʲôĲ֪¸˹ΪʲôȻһûͷûβ⡣

¸˹ȴֻǶŽģûظɫָĮȻϣ㡣
ҪõұӻֶΣôսսķϣȻ꣬ҲǿΪҵĹߡ

ģ
̫װ¸˹˵ʲôЩҪһҧݺһڰѰ¸˹ˡ
¸˹񣺣

ȻûֿǸղŲǻ
ҡ¸˹ǼȻ˶һ
ѪζΪʲôȻŨ

¸˹Ŀĵһ˿ڣڱˡ
ΪԼϵ˿ڣ
¸˹е㲻⽪ĵ뷨ˣңôҪʲô

¸˹û£Žĵ֣Ҳû£Ĵ˻ǰŻѲˡ
ڽģܲסԼѪˣѰ¸˹ˣøɲ˸׼ӣȻôҶӸȥ˸磬ʼϴɾԼϵѪ
ϸ΢ģˮ𣬰¸˹񿴹ȥֻܿһԼӰŵѪζŨɢ

ܿ죬ϴɾ˵Ľľ˳Ŵϴģ˵·һףʱЩüġ
ȷʵܳ
ֻ·ǰûڸ·ֻ֮ûлƣһ֦ʲôĶ·ǲӰġ

Ͳס滹ﰡ֮ǰɽǵĽǾͺܷ´ƵĶҪһ·
Ѿ·ȥиĿܱ֦ˡ
õİ취취ȥһףٲԼã

ɽһûǮûߣһֶвͨ
Ȼȥ·֪Ȼʱ䲻Ǻܳ߹ĵطҲˣ˵Ӱˣͷû
ѵǱһܻĵطһ棿

ĺȻ̾һС£֪𣿡
¸˹䵭Ŀһۣû
ǺͰ¸˹ദôãĴ˼ûˣӰ¸˹ҲǸһͶ䵽̵طС

ˣɽǰ·ʵڲСǻƤ𣿲ǹҰҲܿס



ĹԹɽ죬һûɽʱֻǻûҹǲˣڴɽʼС̽Χ
Ҳû׼ԶʵҪ֮̽ǰڵķһŷֳģִ򿪣СĹȥ̽顣

ûΣա
ٹȥһҲûΣա
Ĳ̰ģ̽Χȷ϶ȫ֮ͻȥˣҲǵİ¸˹Ǳ߻᲻⡣

Ȼ̫ԸǽҲڿǰҵˡ
Ҳһ飬ҪǽҪҵһ㹻ΰȫĵطҵɽԼˣҪҵڶôȫĵطܻȽѡ
ٸûеġ

ʵֻнһˣȥǱߣ󻨹ʹĸڶ⣬ԼȥҲᱻߡ
ǰ¸˹һҪŰ¸˹񣬾ͲȥǱߣȻ󹫼ǹ¸˹ô죿

Ȼʱ򣬼ƻϲϱ仯
Ҫ뿪Ҳ׼ɽáٴһ֣㹻ʳȻҪ׼һһ裬װɰӡ

ҵġ衯ȻǴ󻨹ǱߵӣԼоһֻС̣׼Ƥȥӡ
ǵȵ֣ⷢ־Ȼġ

󻨹ֵˣȻĲźʹ󹫼ദһ죬Ҳ˴󻨹ʵһЩģһֱûʲôֵӾҶݶ١
ڣЩŤŤǱʲôҲ߰㣬Ǿһս

һ֪ʲô飬ȴ˶Դ󻨹ĵǣֻС̣ķʲôΣ飬󻨹ʹĸãֻС̡ǲӰɣ
֮£ҲҸ󻨹ǣҲҼˣĵˣ׼뿪

뿪֮ǰȻһ
ߴߴ
۵ȻѾȥü죬ɽĻǾúܶ졣

һ׼뿪Ĳͣϸһ£ȷǸߴߴȻе΢ȴУķ߹ȥˡ




15.  ĵʮ   ֻС

ֻС̵Ľǵȵ˵طȴһֻʰ쵵Ĵ󹫼Լһֻƺ콻ӵĴĸ
ֵıԵһСɽ£պÿԽֻͼסĹȥʱ򣬴󻨹ſڵһӣĸˣСǿҲģòǺܺã

Ǵ󻨹ʹĸֻ޼սǿ˵ˣг򣬾Σգ򲻹ǿܰΪʲôôǱ
е벻ףǿĸƣɫصȥæȥˡ

󻨹ҲûֹĿֻǵรС۾ŵġ
ģһ˲˴󻨹˼˵û£ûΣգȰɡ

ĸϵˣĲ֪жأһĳ͸İʱѾˣǴĸĳڲҲĿ
ֻܾٷһ
Ȱ֮꣬ǰƵǼ·ˡ

һãû̫飬ʲôˣ
ʷʲô飬ʹ󻨹ǵԲֻܴͨڵжϳӦһЩܴΣգǲ֪巢ʲô

ĸ֮󣬴󻨹óϽߡ
ĺվȣûд󻨹󣬱ƶ֮˴󻨹ĳ򣺡ǱŸ߰
󻨹ͷȻ˳򣬽ĸҪһȴ󻨹ǰֻС̸ƹˣҪֻС̸ߣ

ģ
һ¸˹ˣôȥֻܺܳԵС̣ͿҲ˶ð

¶϶ǲܴӦģڴ󻨹Ժܼ֡
ľӷȷʵһЩûꡣ
ǣȻſӵĶŬʹ󻨹

󻨹ļܺãǵԼֵֻļ̶ⰮãϲӣˣڿĵĶ֮˵ͷҪŪһӡ
ĺֹ
һȻô󻨹˼Ҫһúܴģܺõӡ

Լġ̶пܶȥˣ󻨹ܴ󷽵׼ȥӣڴĸʹֻСš
汻Ƚ֮ǰĴˣĿҵ֣֪󻨹˶ǿĵˡ

Ȼʹ󻨹޷Լ۲죬һ·Կ϶ǣֵֻӦͺӴҲܴٶȶܲ˵ϵһЩëǴ󻨹ļë֪󻨹ٶȿǺܿġ
йճһŵģ
Ӧǲද֫޳׵׸ߣٶȿ죬Ӧúǿ

ǴžèƻȮƶ
ȱһҪýĻ׼ȷĿʲô
ţºȻһգһ£һֻסƫһ֮ҲԼǿƽסˣͷͷȻȵһ޴צӡ

ԲǼצӡϸһ£ԺкȻһ
èƻȮƣ׵ףǿڸģǰ첻Ǿһֻ

ร󻨹ĺȻͣסΪǱŵˣԴĻعȻ󻨹ǲ𣿡
󻨹ͷร

üģ侲룬ڴ󻨹ϣҲߡ
һǺܼǳ
֮ǰԼǵ֮󣬾;Ҫߡ

а취ߣϷ֮ͿԾԼϢǴ󻨹ǲС
㽪Ҫߣ̫ˣ޷ǶȥֻС̵ǸպÿԴϡ
󻨹ʹĸʱˡ

Ĳȷֻܺ;Ǿã֮ܲ˳룬Ǿ˵֪Щ޷뿪
˵ɵǴӴ󻨹ϸܵ⣬ý޷ӡ
οҲһҵһɽȫĵط

ϴ󻨹ǣԸһֻǣһаɣ

˾Ҳû׼ʱȥ;ӲӲȰС̸ȥˡ
С̹ԹԸŽģɽʱ򣬽ԼȻͰ¸˹˸ӡ

¸˹һֱʲô鶼ϣҲע磬ǽģҲûܹ¸˹ٹעԴʱ¸˹ȻڿͷԣС£ôˣ
¸˹û˵ȴŲ˺ֻСϣһ£ǻȻ

ģ
ȵȣôеֻ֣ĲǴ
С£СһССʱ⼸£ܾܲɽҸդ㡣

ĿǺȫ֪⼸ֻС̺Ƥ⼸ֻСܹ̿ԣֻ֮ǰ󻨹ѵ⼸ֻСĪģŻ
ɽֻСָôڣ¸˹Сôס
οֻС̰ܳɽΣô죿դ϶Ҫġ

Ͱ¸˹˵ĽĲûпֻûûɵСںͰ¸˹˸̶ֻ֮סˡ
СǱҪٵصצӽסˣҪڵļİڽĻͷǵʱֵøɡ
ģ

⼸ֻСͺڣôô
Ǳŵ
ǵϧȻ󡭡դС̸Χ

Сǲų죬ȻΪǼʱС̣ƻͦǿǳûȫɲԹ֮СǵƻͼС
դ᲻ỵ
ر͵ŴʯͷģЩСӦûô

֣Ļе㲻ĵĶ˰¸˹һ䣺㣬͸ҡ
СȦȻ׼һЩƻʳóһСѶѿҲǸСǵʳСǺ²ߣһֱġ
̲סֻС̵Դûµġ

СǰúãҲûȥҴ󻨹ǣɽȭȥܹԼĲ˵ء
ѾѿˣСײģ˰ָԼ׼ĳͲֲ˽ȥ׻᲻᲻ӦСѿͦǿġ

֮죬ڸ˲ҪĶҲȥ˴󻨹Ρ
ֻǽûпֻǻ뿪Ͼ֪ʱ򣬴󻨹ǻι
ӣֻҪĿʵǴ󻨹ʹĸ

Ҳǡ
ҲôСһҪ˵϶ô󻨹ʹĸá
ҵǣڽĵ׼ڼ䣬ûǡ

ҪĶ׼ˣŴŶȥҴ󻨹ʹĸ
ֻ޼ĵǷŭ󻨹һ׺ݵһ¡Ȼ۾ˣҲѽĵһƨ˵ϡ
ģ

Լĵļ˵ǡ
˵ţ˾ԼϵСء
κ˼Բͨ󻨹ʹĸ˵ģֻߴŽ뿪

а취ĺ棺һлɱǡ
Ȼľ裬Ǳ󻨹Ȼŵһţ
ǣĺ

һ±ƵرɣҶ϶⿴
Ϊεֻܹ޼Ҫһѵɣ

ֻôһ룬Ķһ¡
Ǻܿ죬֪
Ϊ˾ǵӰ




16.  ĵʮ   ڶ

ǵһ˲䣬ʶķ˺
֮ǰ׷ʱ򣬽ֻǴſ˿һֻǣǱסˣǲҶͣϷԺĿǵģ

ԼĪף֫ýȮͻǵĻɫ۾׺ݡ
ֻһ֪սԲοĵġ

ԸղŴ󻨹ǸоֻˣŻ͵
ǼʱǲһһҶ۾ȴû뿪ǣһֱڹ۲
һǲһǻ£ٽĿԽ۲һֻǣùߵʤ㡣

ǶžǵĽĺȻԴתһ£ǷʲôɵԾˣһȻ˺ġม
ǽĲ̫Ҷ
û壬ֱһʤ㶼ûеģ֣ӶǱֱֱģҲûôֵֹľ㣬ڱˡָҪˡ

ǺܵģҲܳܶ
ֻ룬󻨹Ժ;ǽֲֹһˣ֮ǰû£һӦҲ̫Σա

Ǻ뽪ԽԽԶȵڽĶʧ֮󣬽ֵһ׼Լȥͺ̽ͷĴĸ˸
ģ
գգۣĴȥˡ

ĸ˲඼ˣָҲǿ֮ȸĸ˿ϵˣȷõĲˣֻ˵ǼطëûãŰѱˣɾ
ЦЩϴϴõģҪɲýЩ

պöĸŽģĽţ˿뿪ķֿ˿ģǵǡ
ȴûɴ£Ҫĸȴһʱ䲻֪ʲô˰죬һ䣺ơ

ڴĸ֪ҪͷŽġ
Ա߾бײӣóذףһأذ﷭ɣͲиƬڽĵɸ״򵥵Сɼװ汾壬Ҷ򵥱֯һֻǣĸʵһôȻͷô

ĸССģֵֹ壬ģֿ壬СС벻̫׽ôᶮô࣬ҲܿĵЩ񡭡ǻһã
ĸָָС壬Ҫצȥץó

ԣҡϲ
һ壬֪ҪãԶ̫ãһˣǾͰ׷ѹ
дĸæͺˣɺܶ࣬Ͼĸ϶Ǳġ

ĸȻֻצӺͳ򣬵צӺͳ򶼻ͦģڽָ֮£ĸܿͰˣȥʱȷ˶ãŽظߴĸЩô
ʵҪǸߴĸôĸһһ屻ʱӣôĸ֪֮ĺȷϴĸסˣڵŴ󻨹

󻨹ģֻеȴ󻨹ˣܰĻȥ
Ĺ㻹ûг󻨹ڴһСʱ֮ˣûʲôˣë˵㣬ϸ˿Ȼеɡ
󹫼Դϡǲǵ˲ë

ร󹫼ɻĿ˽һۣΪʲôûߣһּ򵥸֪˴󻨹飬ҲʹҴҸϻȥˡ
֮ǰС׼һЩǲ࣬տʼҲû뵽ԼȻߵôãⶼˣСǶ˿ʼô죿

ȻĻȥ֮ȴСûһֻڣԹԵĶΧһСɽ桭ĪомֿͰ͵ġ
ĻֻС̶Сߴߴţģܵ˾š

ҲǣųãְֺͼûߣȽϤġС̡ҲֻǼĺˡ
ˣդϷ˽ȥֻС̣ι˳Եģȥ¸˹ԼֵСײˡ

Сײ˿ֳһЩĿСײԱߣСײ˿ʼΣϾмʤ㣬ԼʱӮˣӦôܡ
ʶĦԼָȥȴûп¸˹񷴳Ŀüۡ

ܹôˡ
ĸоԼӲǺѣɴִ̫ѹѹŬȥǿе㡣
šҵһЩҩԣֹǶҩҵһЩȽϴ̼ܹ˾ϲֲҲǲġ



Ϯ󻨹֮伣죬ǲˣǴ󻨹ȷ߽ģûС
Ͼ󻨹ǻûСǽӻȥ
ֻܿԼսȥĲֿǧС

ʱ䣬Ǹ˽һЩϲ
ΪСײˣȻˡ
˵ر͸ҲԳˣ֪һʱʶķһԼĵڶ

ϵͳĵһۼƵһͼһܹʱʹʮ죬ֱ׵ķ֣ȡ˽֮ˢһΡ
ۼƵͼ
ǹɳܣܿɹΣ

֮ǰһֱû⣬ΪСײ˵ڱϾҲôãСײǿ죬۾
İִ˼֡



֮ģ־뽪ڵɽԶοĵʱ󻨹һ򵥵ķ壬ҪǵȾ֮ʾ
˸ӡһ˲䣬Ѿɽֻüһ䣺С£СһǶСĵ㡣
ȻʱӰѾʧɽڣԶȥˡ

ʱǵʵҲǺܺá
ǵãԼ˺üΣÿһȻΪûг׷ֻܷļÿһζռϷ磬һαһоԼξܽ⼸ֻ븹ˡ

ȻǵʳײֻǼκƫƫˣʼһΣ⧲֮Ȼˣǳˣһֱûߡ
һΣⲻ˳
ܹʱ򣬺Ȼʲô̶Ȼܵһ룬ǰĵغȻȥһ飬ˤ˸ʺȻϸϸܵϸǩɹҪ۾ȥ

ֻڲԶûܹȥЩĵĶ
˵ʵŭˡ
Լܵ裬ֻǶŭ΢룬֫ǻƵͫŲԶľ޼Ȼ󡭡Ȼһ

ǽթ֮ǰÿοֻܵ޼Ȼˣ֪թ˲Ż·
Ǿû⼸죬ĵˣҲûڴ󻨹ʹĸ֮£˲ٵ塣

֮ܶԶ֮ʵǸı·ûʲôã浽塣
ԣǱʱ±š
ǲӦ󻨹ʹĸֻ޼ѾѸٳһֻһֻӺݺһڣ




17.  ĵʮ   ΪʲôԸ

أǽܷŭźͶ˲ͳѪʹϯþǱǱüֱӰһͷŵӸͬʱ󻨹ʹĸѾԶ˾ǡ
ҵĺܼͣǾôţûи϶ϣΪӣȻǰ˳ȴҲ赲˾ǵٶȣþǾžͺȻΪӺب֮סһ£þˤ˺üΡ

Ҫ˵ֵ϶Ǵ󻨹ʹĸֻ˵ľ޼ø࣬ǲŻһؾͷ׷ǡǾǱϾûôü֮󣬺ܿͷӦͷһҧڰϵϡûϣˡ
Խ͵һ̧ͷ֮Ҳûȥ׷󻨹ǣܻȥźһӺݺݿһڡ

ʱÿһĻ
ӵľǣһӦȻǣѵϲ
ֻ漴ͷӦӦòֻϲӣֻҧӣӲΪ·ʱ谭

ûðͷ˲ԶĴ󻨹ʹĸҲ˱Щ塣
屻һ֣ǻд󲿷ֶڣ΢ܿ˵㣬ʡı岨

ǳ˵һα֮ȻҲʱ򣬵ûٸ󻨹ʹĸ빥Ļᡣ
һƬֱ̣òˡ

岻һɺܴ˺ǾܶྫҪľһ㡣
弸֮󣬴󻨹ʹĸڿʼˡ
ǽĵһο󻨹ս֪ս϶ڴʱʹĸ֣;Ǵ˸ƽ֣ԼǺܽûҪ

ȿȣ˵Զˡ
Ķڰ󻨹ӦҲע⵽ˣڴܵʱѾ෴ķ˵㡣

󻨹ռ˿ƣֵӵ˺ܶ࣬иտҲô󻨹÷ˣĿＦëëҷɣǺͼй£˫еѣģǾռϷ硣

ʱ䡣

ĳסϸǵĹ·ߣھɨɨȥҲΧɨɨȥҪһᣬһ㹻شǵĻᡣ
ܿ͵ˡ

ëƤķһܸߣϾļľãǾɽҪһеĻᣬѡеģǾĵط
ȥʱ򣬺ʹ󻨹˸ӣ󻨹ͿʼһߣǾȴ䲻ͷ
Ҳͽһӡ

ɫţͫ׽Ȼ˴󻨹ĳ
󻨹ԻˣҪȴɶ㿪ִ󻨹ں֮Ƕ˽ģ󻨹ھǱѪˡ
ٶȿ죬Ѫںܿ͵˽ǰۿŴȽԴ󣬷·Ҫһҧ壬ĺȻ֡

ϳһѿСɵǹͨɫҲһƴ󣬿⾫£ĿǹֺȣȻ󡭡۶
һɫĹȻ֣Ϊ뽪̫ǵ׹ʱ򣬾Ѿȫ޷㿪ˣûȻǾҵʹϮ

˻֪һǹӦòȻҲᱻϵͳû뵽ǣǹĺеǿֶˣ˲ô࣬һǹ֮˳ڵһ㿪˾ûɲסˡ
ꡭƵĺһȻӵϵĳ
ûָһǹþֱǶܣǾǱٶ̫죬˽еٶȣˣǽܣҲֻǱܿ˾ǵ˺ҧûж㿪һײ

ߡƺһоﶼӿѪζ֫඼Ƶۡ
󻨹ѾıˣҲŭˣھҧĸҲˣǵĹþϼˣǾֻܿнģǳġ

ֻֻ޼Ĵţûô׶׼Ķѡ
ڽģ
̶ˣɴһҧžǵë˾ϡ

ȥһ˲䣬ĺֻ޼һӣ󻨹Ҫߣǽû֪֮󣬷˦Լ壬ȴúȹ̣Ȼ󡭡һѳסĶ䣬ǹ˶棬һǹ
ǶȻͣͣ޼Ϻݺ˼ѪҲûзӦ

ĴʱǺܸܽоǺһ£Ȼ󽥽ʧ
һǹˡ
һɣҲǹ֮ǰ˲ֿ⣬ȴӾϻȥ

รҲǱĴ󻨹Ͻס˽ģôûˤĿоؿеƣžҪߵһ飬ſ˼࿪Ȼ̱ڵϲ붯ˡ
󻨹ʹĸߣֻм䣬ĸţ۾оԼҪʧȥʶˡ

ҲֻǺ
ĺ֪Լڲ˯΢ЪЪʹӵֳŵʱ򻹲ˤˣѾȫûˣǹĺ̫ǿˡ

֮󣬽ֱӽǵʬյ˲ֿ棬ͷɽʬԱߡֻ޼ȻʧʬҲûжྪȣֻǲ˲佪ĵԴָָϵѪû취ˣֻֻܵ޼
ֻ޼Ƚĺöˣܿʼ׼ɽһˣСǴ

Ҫߣ󻨹ʹĸֻ͸ָָѪһûˣִֻܹҪ
ģ
ɽҲС֪ˣСֻ̻ҪȥҲҲοֻİӣԺǰ

Ҫʹȥ
ɽȻǽȥɽסʱһ򵥵ӣҲԱɽ
Խ룬ԽÿУΨһЩĵľǰ¸˹

ھ޼ǲýһ˻ȥҲܲȥˣԥ֮󣬽ĻǾž޼ǻȥ
Ȼ޼ǻȥҲͲˣɴϢһ£þ޼ǽѪɾһ꣬ҲϢһ㣬Ȼ󡭡

֮ǰֻҪͲڿ񣬲ұһƬֵˡֻ޼ţҪľ͸ˡ
ǣֻ޼ְæ˼ֿ棬УҾҵһ

Ĵֻ޼ȥʱɽһƬֻСſڵرԵӣһҶĲ㻹ΪֻСˣͿС͵͵
ģ

֪ĻΪЩСʲôΣװɽʲôΣգ
ķתͷ¸˹񣺡С£ûʲôΣհɣ
¸˹ѵûӦһš

Щ⣬ȴҲͦ˰¸˹˻Ӧ
ΧСǵդߣҳȥ
СಽϽߣоÿһƬëը˿ĵĻȡ

ȼֻ󼦵ʱСǸǼ͵ĳȥ̾˵ֻϣġ
ĴǹһĨЦתɽ˰¸˹ԱߣԼϵĻҡ
ȴû뵽¸˹һˣΪʲôԸ




18.  ĵʮ   ֻ

ɶ±ƿ¸˹еû˼
¸˹ظΪʲôԸ
ģ

ĪԸΪʲôֲǰơ
Ȼ֪ʲôǰ¸˹׽ĵ˼ǺԸûãüͷ΢𣬿ĵԼá

ȻȫûgetԼؿڣоеƣȻӦС£ǲң
¸˹û˵Ҳûϡ
ĺȻЦͺˣһǿԽģ㵣ģ㿴ⲻû𣿡

ŵѪζ¸˹ԷֱĵĺƽʱһЩ֫ҲӦˣʲôûк˵
ȻʼʱǽǿҪǼȻôˣСС⣬ǲһ԰Щġ

ʲôû˵
ԼȥðսˣӦ
¸˹Ҳ֪ԼȻе㲻ǴģȻվߣİһҪȥ׷¸˹ֻһ˲䳶ظ̲ס˻һ

һͣ٣Ƚ׷ȥʱ򣬰¸˹Ѿˣֻʣſڵϵֻ޼ſھ޼ԱߵֻС̡
С£ĺһûκηӦ¸˹ѾˣüģóһЩƻֻǳһ㣬ȥһС¡

ɽķֻڣСǳ֮޷ٽ֣ϾûаýȥԽҲ¼ֻС̻ȥƻС硣
ǰ¸˹ٶȿܸ죬ĸտʼ˳Ű¸˹߳·׷ȥ׷һ֮ʧȥ˰¸˹ټ

һͨ
ɻðͺȻһ
ǴϷġ

ĵһ˲̫ĶʱһӦҲΣգɫ˺һ㣬̧ͷȥȴһƬɫ½ǡ
һƬɫ½ǺϤĽɫ·ҲϤķС£

ûӦ
ֺС£¸˹㻹ӦҾˡ

û
ĸɴߣȥͿ¸˹һſյı飬ڶԶ
ôˣʳʱ򣬰¸˹ֻƮƮĿһۣģ

һ£˵͵ŮģҲǸϣԼһˣ¸˹뷨Ż˵ΪʲôԸ
Ȼе֣Ҳֻжԣ

룬˵ԲûпǺãڼȻҵͬ飬ôΣյʱӦú˵Ӧð㵱һȫıߡ
Ȼ˵꣬Ŀ¸˹ˣߣ
ģ

Сˡ
貹Ҳ˼ֻǾҵ鲻ǣ㣬´һעġ

þһС嵱˱ߣ
¸˹΢ֵģǺ档
ϸ룬ڵһ̬࣬棬ڿӦһֱĸо

ָо
¸˹񶨶Žģ㱣ң
԰Ϊǳˣδˣܼʱ򱣻Ӧġ

ûѺһ˵´̼¸˹С˼
¸˹ûжԵȻҲͲ֪롣
ֻǺȻýıø˳˼֣вԵĹĻȣԺΣգԺҡ

Ǿŵ
ҲǾıȦı̬

Ȼ֪ԸĽĲ֪£ֻ֪¸˹ˣҲˣû¸˹ȥ
һΣ¸˹ϵĸŻȥˡ

ʹҲûԵģֻó֮ǰĿ⣬˳һ˿⣬Ļ΢ϴһ£Ż·ڵϡ
֮ǰŵʱ򵥵ĴʵһҶͲ̳ɵģȻ£һ¾ͺˡ

˯ͦġ
ƤҲһ£˼򵥵ë̺ӣһ¸˹һڴϣ˼ϵͳϸ

ڶͼǽŵģǰӣʱհͼϵϢȫֻüȡǹԼ˵ڶͼĵͼҴҵܹȥˡ
ڽĻӶû
ΪϵͳֱͶĤϣԽľǱۣܿϵͳģ

ڶͼ֮󣬵ͼҲĶסԼھ¼뷨ת䡣
һӲʮСײˣοĴֶһˡ
ڵڶӣĴ֮ȴǽңһֻ

ֻԵֿһ
ĺ
ڶӵرߣʵرߡ

ڹǹļӳɣǿˣһֻͶͿˡ
˵ģҲвһˣľԼˣ˵·ϡ

һᡣ
ֻҲ൱ڶһʲôΣʱҲһˡ

ֻʱûóϾɽܰȫ
ȥ˿ˢµĵ񣬵ȿʱһ͡

ۼƵͼ
һСľݡ

Сľݣ
Ǽһ£侲
ȻҪһӣľݿܻûﰲȫǡһķ֡

ǷҲÿζеİɣ
ţڵƣӿ˯˹ȥ
ߺǱ߰¸˹ŽģкȻһĨ



һ˯ͦģȵڶ𴲵ʱȻЩʣǻ˺ܶ࣬һ壬ڴһ̫֮ȥϴȻͿʼ
ΪûйһγСײҲֻ󣬵Сײ˱ʹŵζڸҲˬһҧȥϲˣǰ¸˹ֻһھͲˡ

ĺɵĿŰ¸˹񣺡ֲϲ
¸˹ر𵭶š
Ȼʳɣ΢

¸˹̧ۿģƽϲԲݡ
ⲻǲݰ
ķ˵һ߲˶á

á¸˹Ϊ⡣
ǿ֮ǰô궼ûôԹݣҲһģͿˡ

οʵⶼԣʳ
ֹȴ¸˹һǲԡ̾Ϣһûм˵ˡ



֮󣬽ָֻ˱ȽƽɽڸֻС˸򵥵ӣͦ󣬵ֻ޼æرѡ
ʵʹ󻨹ǣȷʵǲԸȥˣԸ

ȻԺҪһľ͸¸˹ʹǻ򵥵Ľһ¡
¸˹һ䵭ӣǴǣ԰¸˹ãȫûһ顣

Ȼľ͸ǰֻ֣ļֱǴ󻨺ʹƣֻС̾ǻСһСͻ
ȷʵԽԽˡĿƮϸ꣬ܵһЩ¶ȣ˼

˴ǰæĲԿ϶ܼһЩڵʳﴢ滹˵㣬Ҷ䣬ҪڻľԼëƤ
ڱС
ǽû뵽ǣǷȸһϲһԲԲģȸߵĵ




19.  ĵʮ   ǡԵ

ĿǸʱµģһӦǴƺʹǲȥ͵ʲôĵôôǷŴļ
ǣ˳ĬС
ðΣЩĹʣǵĵ𣿡

ƵԴ
ǳ鴤ز²⣺ѵҷ
ǡֱһڵһӣȻƸģʾԡ

ģȵȣҳԣ
Ʊʾǵġ
ľħˣΪʲôƻȥԼĵҪĵѹͲԥģǴơ

а취ڻʳ㲻õġĻ²ȥڡ
żˣӶıȻԼԵĺһڵ壬ʾǿԳԵġ
ı𽥺ɣԺһ²⣬Χŵϸ˿ѵƵһ㿴˿£ȴûǸȽԵܾ㡣

ⲻܾ
ȻܾȻǷСģΪƲŻὫŵ

׹ֻůůģƵȣŴЦЦ֪ˣҲϲģٳ԰ɡ
ƲܽôԣֻҪԾˡ

Ӫܺã⼦̫ˣҲûôһԸɴ͵һֳʣµľȷڲֿ
ʱĻ˳һ²ֿ⡣

ֿһСôɽ춼óƷˣҲ˴󲿷֣ƤҲһ£ȻƤ˵㣬ӦûС
İѲֿƤһЩ˳ֻֿʣһµʵ͹ͷԼһֿõĿ⣬оһЩɹɵľΣԼƸǸ

ʵ⡢ͷͿǷֱͺŲͬͲװŵģȻŷڽ䣬ҲͲ棬ŷԱߣټһŵҲռ˲ֿԼĪʮ֮һĵط
ʣµĵط㹻Ĳ׽һֻŽ

˵ģֿԽ˵õĵطװѪζ̫
ɽӦٶӡ
ĹһɽĿռ䣬˿ˣװ˳Ҳװһȥ

⵰Ļ°¸˹񲻺ȣְ¸˹⻹ǸȤģȻжϲǻһڿڵĺˣŷģôؿһ¸˹ʳס
аοԼ

˴֮󣬽Ĳȷʵ˺ܶ࣬Ҫ󣬽ĵĿǡ
󻨺ʹʳƫ֮ԻȥԣҲֻΪҪ
Ȼ󻨲ӥսҲжѷɫϽĵ壬̶죬ץֻӣһһֻԻ˵ĸãԼһֻ˲صĹӡ

ȦɴǿܣҲ׼ȥˣϾڵĴӦòˡ
Ȼʵ

Եʱ򣬽ǳǰģһʱʵԣȥˣƾԼܹǷӦٶȲһϡ
Լսʶ϶ǲģκȻõĶ
ǽİˡһڡ

ǼʱСƿǿ죬ɳҲ죬ֻС̶ǹѾ˰Сӣͷ˽ġ
ֻС̳˲ڽĵĶ֮⣬ǺƤľͷҪйΧĹľݴԡ

֪Ҫһ桯ʱСǶ˷ܣһֱȽϴĻ˽ǰ۰Ͱ͵ĿŽģߴߴี
ģԺ档ЦС

СǾ޴йҪɲ
ɽһƽأĶվŻСһǣСһԾԾԣҲͬԾԾԣȶֵǻС
СֻСƤһֻҲһֻڿʱˣ˲˷ųͳˡ

ʵֻСܷˣǿǿĲܷɣҲûһʼͷͽĴ
˵һֻСܿСһͻҲųˡ
ǿеԲֺģʵٶȺܿ죬㲻ɣȳҲܸٶȡ

ˣ֮ǰǻڽĶ棬֮͵˽ǰˡ
С쵽ǰģĹҲֱֱĲСɲĳͷˣСһͻҲ׷˹ֻЩϣȴ˻ĳһ£ת׷ĻСͷײϡ

ֻСˡ
ʣĻСһóڵĵߣʵ͵͵üצġ
ĵսʶǺöˣԻСһĴˣķצӹһ£ˤˡ

ֻСٶȲս̫ˣԸտʼʱ򣬽ûиܵѹ
ѧϰٶͦ죬ȵʱȥĵѹҲԽԽˣǵ˺棬ֻСڵϺͽĴˣǿʼ졣
ȻһͽĴ

һ㶼ţϾͿֻС̵ӣռƿȨҲûĴӮ
һ㣬ֻС̵ȽĺöˣƣʱûϵϵģԽǵ棬ԽۣۣҲûͣµ˼

ֻСҲʤģӮһǶһأڿˣֻС˲侪ϲֱĳ
Ĵ΢΢ֻСʱ򣬺ȻٶȱܿС˳ֻץһ»СצӣȻŲһ»СķûСһײȥ

ʵʼʱ򣬽ҪûСֱӵסֻģǻҲ֪ǲ̫ˣһ㣬ûײϻСգգۣܿСȻԴһ죬ٶȱø죬һھ͵ס˽ĵ졣
ģ
˵ģԼܴӮֻС̣û뵽ץסǻ

һֱȽϴĶǲʱȥѻɵˣڻ͸һϲ
ĺͻ˸ӣͷߴһĵ
û뵽鸴ӣͷӲֿһƻ

ߴߴ
ม
СһͻСҲƨƨ߹ҪԵˣһֻιһ飬Լ֫塣

֪һ꣬ͷͿֻƻСԾԾԵؿСչһ³˼ԣ治棿
гԵģС̫ˡ
ǽĿûǵڰ֣˲ˣЪһ¡

ȥ˸裬˲ͷ˰¸˹ǰȥ棿ȥɹɹ̫
¸˹䵭
ҲЪһȥ˿ףϵͳ̳ǣϸ˿

ڳԵĵǲ̫ȱͼ٣ڸҪռͼ۸ʣҲҪһЩҡ
ڽĻʣһң˿̳룬ѡһ

ǵʳǵ˶ܲ£ҪҲѡ
ţµӡ
Ȼ󿴵Լ㡣

ģ
ͺҪʹǳȥҿûڣܲʳһʲôģ




20.  ĵڶʮ   

ңҺʹ󻨳ȥˡĶ¸˹񣺡㹻ʳӦϾͻҾҹ
¸˹Žģˣ
Ľͣȱٶ뿴ûӣֵ㶫

ûˡ¸˹ѵ˵һ䡣
ȴֻЦЦȥԶĵطûˣҲҪȥûҪĲϡ
¸˹Ȼ֪Ĳûȫ˵ûˣǾýûˣԶˣ

¸˹䵭Žģȴˡ
ȥתתȼˣȻ֪ġ

Ŀɲ֪¸˹뷨дڣҲаԶˡ
ʵ֪ûƽԭ֮ĵΣСľɽ϶û֮صģ֣˵ҵһʺϾסĵطͿŲѡ
ɽȻˮԴҲУȷʵԽԽ䣬ɽһҪĻ

ҪһµĵطҪΧȽϰȫȻҪиɾˮԴ
ûָܿҵʺϾסĵطȥҪˡ
ϱӵʱ򣬽ĿĹȻܷɣǲܳ;УǴԲ֪ĵ˼ֱ֮ӴŽĴзڴýĵһδӿиǡ

֡
ȫǸߴľ
һۿȥͷ󻨵ٶȺܿ죬ſڴܸоϵĴУɴɵø˵㣬Ȼϸǲ̡

Ȼû̵ģһҹȥȴûп̣ûдһƬ֡
һƬɭ̫˰ɣ
Ŀǵ󻨵ҵ߽뷨ĴƲϵë󻨣ǻȥ

ת˸򣬾ߡ
Żص·ľôȥˣȻ߽ûҵʳĻҪҵģһЩʯ֮Ķ

һܺıܣȻǽ˵Ҫ䣬µĵصʵǴѡģѡһûĵط
ҪѰҲ׼ȥԵ㶫һһʹ˷ֿ

ͬʱɽİ¸˹Ȼ˳ƺͻСһֻСҿſڵװ
¸˹Ҳûǰֱ֮߳ӽ֣Ӱʧ
ȿˣС̧̽ͷԱߵֻСֻСܿûûεĴ

һֲֻǵı˺ܶ౶ϳοǼʱЩʱ򲻵Ǳǿϸ΢Ļ˱仯ϱӽĿ˵һģһֻ˵ԯޡ
ԽʵҪѸʱ䣬Ҫ֦Ҷӣ͹ʵЩȷϻûйҲûж֮󣬻չȥ䡣

ôߣɫģһֱƫƽϸҶչĳֲʱ򣬽һϸ˿ЩȷľϲⶫôôҶ
Էһ֦˴ֲȷûӦ֮ſȥ
۶ҶӣľŵڴҶζ

еһֵˣ
ֱڴˣõľ

ҶнôߣͷͲһô󣬽Ķ˵Ҷ۾ŹĿʼΧ
˵ⶫӦòֹһŶԣҼȥŻҲа

Ȼ󣬵ǴҪ󲢲ߣ취һ׻
ʡӾС
̵İѴŵ˲ֿ⣬۾ŹΧҡ

ܿ죬ҵ˵ڶô⣬ô⣬ڳĿôʱͣˣʼĶ
ΧûҪĶˣĺܿͺͻ˵Ĵ뿪ѡһط¡
ȥｪĻ϶ܣֻҪ󻨼ǵûˣԼһҶҵͦġ

һΣ󻨺ܿͻˣˣر˵ĵŽĵ·ͷɡ
ܵӭĽģ
ͣô죿ԼĴ󼦣Լ¡

ǵȴ󻨰ѽķµʱ򣬽ĿǰһƬɫ۾𽥵ɴ
֪ڽΣ⣬߲ˣڻȱʲô
͡

֮ûҲԹΪԵĻ϶ǿ⣬Ҫʵ󲿷ʱ׵ģôҲлζͻǲһģ
ǰһƬɫʲôĴһͲ˻
Ͳ˻եͣ

ļȵȥͲ˻ǺܽͲ˻ȻͿһֻƴ۷ҡҡλεĴӻ˳
ûֱ֡
أһȴȻ뵽Ȼ۷䣬ǲǴзѣ

ڵС۷䰡ķ۰
жˮӽĵ۷ҲڿǵģҪõֳǣȽעŵͲ˻ϡ

Ͳ˻󲿷ֶʢǽңǿ˼Ͳ˻ˣѾˣͳذ׹˹Ϊ˵㣬Ͳ˻ѡ
Ĭһ£Эĺ󻨣
ŵᣬĶҲͦģȲȵ󻨱ϣժͲѡ

ԭͲӦָֻ֮ûпͷô֣ڽǰģʮңȵôֵͲ˼ԣɴͿɫͲѼȵô
ЩͲѳʺɫÿһŶܱȷʵǳ˵ġ
ĲֿյģڷͲѸպãһƬͲ˻ҳ˵Ͳѣҵ֮ذһժȲֿﶼһСˣĲͣ֡

Ȼ֪ôͲեͣû飬ָȥҪһЩͲѣͲѺܶ࣬ҲԼûͲѡ
̵ͲѣĺʹȥûԲ۵Ĵ۷ǡ

ôһͨʱҲˣĺʹ׼ȥ֪󻨸ձûԶԶһ޺𣬴彩Ӳֱµȥ
ģ󻨣ôˣ
߿¹ǻҪİ

ڽ󻨵ȥʱˣһ졣
ģ
ơ

̧ͷգûڣԶһƬƣ׵Լ˸
վĺܸߵĽܿһƬƣҲܿҰһƬֻһƬƣĪŵ졣
ȵȡ

۾ϸһƬƣղǲǿж
۾һƵĽӺ󿴵˦һβͣһɴۡ

һƬȻڣǻǶôֲһ
ںʹһһҶſڴ󻨱ϣС͵Ǳߣܿ˵׵£ĪмϤ

׵˲һСʱȶˣſɢȥʱʱһβ¶Ҳ¶ȫò
ͷ˶Ľǣ˫β˳֫ϸǴɫƬ
ⲻ

绹
ֹĴ˵ҪֿڣȻһ룬ֻ˶ĺɫת˸һ˫ɫͫתߣǡ˸ӡ




21.  ĵڶʮһ   ׼Ұɡ

һ˫ܺÿģɫ۾ȴ޷һ˫۾嶼ӲˣоԼڷ
ϾǾͦԶģʹ󻨸ղһֱûж˵Ӧòᱻע⵽ɣھ˵ӦֻһСģԺӹȥ

ô˵ǽĿߵľֺ;˵ĸо
˭Ҳ޷ȷǲǺȻͻȤצӣֻҪһָͷ

ڽĵжϻûдģתһ´ܿתͷȥˡ
ķʱŷԼؿڱеۣ֪ʲôʱ˺󱳣Ҳһ亹ϸϸܵĺʪ˺󱳵·һе

󻨣ôĻ˻һһֱֱĴ󻨡
ۡĽһŬڳ򣬵ڲ
ѾȫˣʧȥҪúûܻ

ԼĶͷ亹˲ȻԼΪʲôһˡ
磬һĪ׵𣿵ʱĻֻǽ׵ȡģǴκһʱǲǾֻܽ
ʱ뿪ɽǲǾͻײ

һ飬Ҷ롣
󻨻СʱŻŻеĳŽĻȥ
ǾɽԽĵԽ΢ȵɽ֮󣬽ĴӴ󻨵ԴϢһ£Һܿ

󻨵Դſڵϱ۾
İչĻСһֻ˳ԼղžͿõķܹȥ
Ŷʮ֮󣬽ĿһȦ˵ĻľԼǺϤۼüĺݺһѹԼȻӿ

ϴɽڣһɽԶζɫɵ׵磬Ҳ˵ȫˡ
˵֮ǰڰһرȣö׼һЩʾͿɽôڣľ޷סˡ
ڱС

Ϊ¾ûԶҲû̫ͣãܿתȥ
ɽʱ򣬰¸˹Ѿˣڰ¸˹ߣȻʣ¸˹֮ǰһ׵𣿡
¸˹תͷģнɫâһȴֻһš

²£Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôʳôһ
¸˹Ȼ¡
Ծ׵ϴĶһо˺ܶ࣬£

¾ͺáĲǺش
ʹͰ¸˹ʶô˵¸˹û¹ʲôжǵġ

һ£ĺܿ񣺡ԽԽˣǰҰɡ
ң¸˹񲢲ܺܺõĸ֪ȣϾ仯ķȶܹңҲľ˵ʵ̫΢ˡ
ǴҪ׼ܹȻ

š¸˹ͷӦˡ
ĿŻѵĻ˸֦ڵϻ˻
ɽΪ㣬ճΪԴ󻨵ٶΪλĴ»һܼªĵͼ

ʹȥģȻû̫ԶǴҲȷ΢һĵطûʲôʺϾסĵطǱ߾Ǻɽһģȫɭ֡
ڱߣջľһƬͲ˻أǿե͡

Ͳեһ˵裬һɾͲϵҶ֮ģǽͲ˻ͦɾģеͲ˻Ѻܴ󣬱ǰЩССĸ
ڶǽͲѳȣһЩȻŻǵ衪ѹե͡

ǰʱ򣬽Ŀե˻ģûлҲֶֻԣôǰæ
ĥţȻо߶˸ˣתͷȥǰ¸˹

ľð¸˹仯ͦģ˵ˣˡ
ô룬ͷְ¸˹ƫµλã׼ȷ˵ǰĵ棿
ǲǵͼ

ôŵĽĵͷȥͿ˵ͼϻ˸˫
ģ
Ȼرտ֣ҲֻͺѧQ滭ȷʵ˾ϡ

ڱ¸˹ţľе㲻˼ˣ˶壬պõס¸˹ߣС£ڿʲô
㻭ġ¸˹ش
Ŀ¸˹ѵñֳĵһ£ÿˣϲֻҿԽ㡣

¸˹ֻȻûʲôȤֻǶԽĻСȽϸȤ
Ȼ֪Լʲôӣ˻Щ˶ǻ׳ýˣ߰ħúֲܿ

ܶԼĻȴûмġее֣е
ѵŮУûϵ

¸˹Դ֮ɻԽԽˡ
ڰ¸˹񺱼ķ֮󣬻عһۿľСԱߵһཱུСˡ

СͷСԲԲ۾ҲԲģ򵥼ʹճͦ˼ģǾе졣
㣬㿴𣿡ָŰཱུСˣЦе˵
¸˹񣺣



ڶһ磬ľͺʹ󻨳ˣ֮ǰ߶ض˰¸˹ǧҪţڼúøɹŵͲѡ
콪ĻQСС֮󣬿¸˹ȤҲûвԼȥоôեȥˡ
ûĲ͡Ǻܷ⡣

Ҳ˵ȫʧܣǰǸͲѵӦֻôһͳŶԡͲѵĺǰٷ֮ʮٷ֮ʮǼʱͲѾвͬӦҲ̫󣬵ǽĵһեͲֻаٷ֮塣
ⲻ̫
Եڶեʱ򣬽̽˳Ʋֵ¶ȣͲ᲻ᱻջͲмͶˡ

Ͳѱĸ͸һЩľͿʼեͣŵõ˰ٷ֮˵Ĳ͡
Ը⻹Ϊե͵ַɣ
֪֪Ҫôե㹻ͻҪоģҲϾһƬͲ˻кܶ࣬ե͵ЧʲߣҪܹһʱõӦҲѡ

ǺķѵʱҪһЩѡ
ĽҪȥһûʺϾסĵطҲȥժͲ˻ѣѡķֱһ߹ȥôһɹȥڴľʱǲͣ¡
󻨵ٶȽľúͱȽϸٵĳ࣬һСʱܷ߰ʮڳԱʱ򣬴ȫСʱָٵ¡

Ҳ˵ȴ󻨺ͽͣµʱǾɽһʮˡ
ôԶľ룬һۿȥȴǿɭ֣ȫƽԭΣĺûУֻһЩȽϸĺ
ѡ˷ﻹɭ

֪ľɭֵжж
ôǡ䵽һû˵ĵط

ȥһϢԭļնȲߣںܶ鶼
ǲܹ̫ˡ

һͷðȴĴ󻨵ͷϢһ£ǻȥʱ򿴿ܲҵõĶ
󻨣ม

һλȥʱΪҪȥͲ˻Ǳߣĺʹ󻨲û·̫ͣΣԽҲûҵʲôõĶ
ڶȥͲ˻صĽĺʹһһ˾飬󻨸ɴûýȥýĴϣŽȥû۷ڵͲ˻ȽıǲǿժԾժ²һһͲ˻ժֱӻһͲ˻

һһĬϽĽժͲ˻ѵģѲֿˣھͿֿһѻͲѣ𽥳ֿ⣬һĿ֡
ȲֿҲһͲ˻Եʱ򣬽Ĳͣ֡

ȥʱ磬ĳһЩͲѳȻôԡ
𿴴ôҪ鼷ѹͲѵʱǺģԼļצȥͲ˻ѶѹˣͲװһͲ󻨼צģĿŵһζܿ󻨼צ̧ʱצ͹ˮģźôեһЩľͲȥܴˡ

ΪСһҲҪͲͲѣڰͰ͵ĲŽҪæ
ͲѶĽĴȥϴצһӣһһСͲֻСͿʼ

ߴߴߴ
ֻСЩͲǽĵһͲһЩҪեֻ³һ֣ճƳǱ߻СһǾߴߴߴĿʼ

Ȼָեͣһһ㣬ɱòեһû˰
ôŵĽĸϽͲ泴õͲѸŵһԣ߳ȥһȴˡ
˭Ūģ

СͲǽķָֻСģͲ滹һƬɫͲһɫͣͲһȴֻܿɫ͡
ȥҲһɣǱ߶ûи㶨һͲôͺեˣ

ߴߴߴСһ飬ֻСǰ棬ԴߴߴߴĽУϴ
ķǣҲǹǣһҽǵʲôҶǵģȻҲͲ񽻸ˡ˵ͲΪúܺã֪˭ġ

ߴߴҪС
СһͷȷϣıȵһͷһԣҪ佱˭ģ

ֻСһʼͺͽһԽĵҲȻȻͽˣȴ󻨺ʹƸĵ˼ԣȷ˽ĵĻСһ۾
ԴڽΪʱת˸ѻ˳
Ȼร

ҲЩȣŻե𣿡
һ룬Դม
ĺܰǽóƻ

ڻƻˣСһѧԼʳҲͺͶιˣڿƻʱ򣬲ǻСһǻǻС¶˿
ǰˣǵĽãһ㡣ó飬ֱݸ˻СһͻС

ร֪ģҲ԰æģ
СһͻС˷ܣǿƻֻȥͲˡ
ҲҪŻȥĸסˣܰͲѶŪ滹У԰ɣ

ĵıûɽ֪ɽڻȥˣ۽ô˵ƻջûá
ǰסɽ
ѵΪɽ̫ˣԲϲ

Ҳûܡ
ûж룬ȥҲûǿɴͷ㲻ȥңҽȥѶó
æͷ

ɽ̫ˣŲȥдħQAQ
ȥ֮ǰȰѻեĵһݲʹȥˣŰѵڶݸ˳Ҳһѻ𣬾Ϳʼ泴ѡ

Чĸߣĳһݵʱ䣬֮ܰǰһȫ㶨ֻǴե֮󣬻ҪϢСʱ
ÿνĶһ֮һƻԵĿˣϢ˾͸Ͻæ
СһͻСֻȵľ˲٣ƻҲһЩֻС̶еżǽҪĶǻǻúá

Ӧ
һ߳ѣһȷһ¡
֪ǻһǼʱĲټ

֮ܶ˻ĲԼûãŶ̶ʱڻ̲ͣסԻ¶ĸЦǶĺܰȥժƻרŸժһ
รСʽˡ
СһͻСҲߴߴ

ģзݡİ
Ȼһ룬ͱֻС˵˵ϡ





22.  ĵڶʮ   µǾ

ĺܿͶڻ㹻ͣڴӦǵƻǺʹһȥժģдڣҲõԼƻֻҪڴ󻨱ϰժƻС
һҪժܶƻΪдڣ֮ǰֻժʱɺܶࡣ
ժƻȥһë档

ֻСֱӷйһα˵Ľ֮յض㿪ɿ˸ƻǵƻ
ȻֻСȥƻȥˡ
ӹһٵĽͷð亹ȥɽҰ¸˹ȥˡ

ɽûа¸˹Ӱһ߳ȥһֱɽĴƣ¸˹ֳȥˣ
Ƶ˵Դצӽŵץץ棬ֻǵİ¸˹Ľûע⵽

⸽поȻ֮ǰסôöûк;ײϹָʲôʱǱȥأǾܹ洩ľ¸˹ܣֵܹطȥʵֱ

ȥҰ¸˹񡣡Ķ󻨺ʹƣΣգǾܡ
ȴס˽ģԴǰ䣬˼Ҫһȥ
ǽľܾˡ

̫ˣһڴִ󻹰ȫһ㣬ҲûôעĿֻڸҰ¸˹񣬲õġ
ļ֣Ҳû취ֻŽʧڴС

ôֶҲûЧģȻʲǶڶܴģͼǸ˽ָټĶڿ԰Լеʵӳ
ıΪŰĵطʱ䶼޴ڣǣûܶԶͿ˵һ޴ζ

ŹȥãȻйԱȽǿֻˣ
˵Ǹûߣ
Ϊʲô

뵽һܡãˣôһֱǼƿܸ࣬ϰˡ
Ϣǣֻܲ߱ɱ
ϢǣֵƵԽ࣬ǾԽΣա

Ҫҡ
һο϶Լľ

תһ飬Ķûҵ¸˹ʵҲ֪ԼҵϣãΪȫ¸˹뿪ʱȳ·ֻƾֱˡ
ǵȽĻȥʱ򣬰¸˹Ѿɽˡ

ȥˣ˰¸˹ߡ
¸˹񣺡š
Ĩһȥ˰ɣΣգҵһʵסٳȥҾͲֹˣô

¸˹˽룬΢Ź֣󵭵ƿߡ
㲻˵Ҿ͵ӦˣĹӰ¸˹¶һ˿˿ܺͲͬ

Σգܳȥ¸˹Ȼʡ
ľ֮ѿڶ˵ôһˣ
һ;е֣ϽԼղһ仰ԣΣա

Ҳ˵Σվܳȥˣ
¸˹ƮƮĿһ۽ģȷʵСôСһЩҲġ

ڶ콪ֺʹ󻨻˸ȥ˾ӵأûҵ
ƬɭֳԤϵĴֲҲïܣĵ˼ǿסĵطЩطɽ̫ˣ򲻵ѣᵽһ̫͵ĵطס
ζпҪƵס

˰ʱûҵĵطҲˡ
Ĳ֪ǣ뿪֮󣬰¸˹Ҳȥһˡ

ʱɽڵĴ뵽ĶĻߵ˰¸˹ߣҪˣͱ¸˹һ۸ſˡ
桤ſˣֻſڵϵ֡
Ȼ¸˹ֱɭ

ٲ֮ɽԶΪģһǿӿԲʮĶ˴ƺֻСŵըëըëըƬըƬڷΣգ˳ȥ
ûΣˡ
ĳԶɽŶƣʡİѴɽŪľ롣

ǸôȫһԸмɣ
һ뵽ᱻر𼤶ĸм¸˹ȻĪá

ǽĻʱ򣬼ľſſԴСֻ
ģ
СֻˣϽι˵ԵĺˮȷܳԣҲû֮΢ġ

ֻǵȽɽ־е㲻ԡ
ðβŷӦƽʱһ˷Այİ¸˹ࡣ

Ȼദôã¸˹ҲԽԽΪͬˣԱ軹ûġ
⣿
ѵﲻԣ

ĺɵȥˮ̶Ǳ߿˿Ҳûմʲô
¸˹񣿡̽ĺһ䡣
š¸˹ʾ⽪л˵

Ķ˶٣ʣǲʲôҪ˵ģ
ûС¸˹һ䣬תͷ
ľð¸˹Ȼջϵעеͷԣҳȥûлٶڵʳ

ǱҪģΪԶڻʳоǿԶ֡
ԼѵΪϤ壬ӡ
ʵİ취Ȼʵսˡ

һνĳȥ󻨾ͷҪˣҲûоܾԵ֮ޣҲԴһ㱣ǰɣ
һһ˴С

ǳԤϵǣѾɭת˺üȦˣȴһֻﶼû
ĵת˼Ȧû
˵ˣһëһƬƬû

Щﶼȥˣ
뵽һܣɫȻˡ

бֱǻﻹ̫ΣգЩﶼˡǾʹΣ
ûҵסҲܼˡ
˾ɫصĴŴ󻨻ȥ

ǺͰߣʹȥȷһطʡһͺͰ¸˹˵
ҪߣǰΣնǲǹڽ˵㣿

Ϊʲô¸˹㲻ֻŽġ
¸˹̫ԣе㲻ˣɫأǻסٺ˵𣿡
¸˹񣺡


ǰð¸˹̫Ĭ˲ãԱգڿ¸˹ԲϵӣԸ¸˹ʱԱˡ
СǲǺȻ

ϸһ룬͵Сȷʵ棬Խǲ˵ԽǺ棬ԽǲЩ¶ܻ֮һЩĲ뿴Ľ
ˣڳĬĶ֮󣬽ЭˣҸԭͻһߣ
¸˹룬ûϣǾĬˡ

óһ֦ڵϻ˸ͼǱϴϸµľͼ֪𣿡
¸˹Ȼ΢ǽĻڻͼûп¸˹ı飬ȵ̧ͷʱ򣬰¸˹ıѾָƽʱ̱ģ
㿴һ֡

Ǽûо¸˹Ȼ˵
һ㶣⣺Ǿ
Ȼʹ˵еϸ΢ĲֻͬǸˡ

ô϶Ļ˵Ըо¸˹ˣ·ڴȻʣµǾ




23.  ĵڶʮ죨һ   ʯ

԰룺֪֮ǰưɣɵ, ڵĵطΣգҴ˵ǺǿΣյԶ뻹Զɡ
¾¸˹񿴲
ľð¸˹е, ȷʵ¾

ھǰһצӾŪС, ˣҿ϶Լܻ
ûй⹥, һʱ淭أ已̥һָ˾ûˡ

¸˹һ˲ԼĲ²ʵ, ȷʵ֪Ǿ
Ǿ¾
Ϊİ¸˹úܲá

ȵýĿ, ı壿

ֱϴϢ, ¸˹ǱûûŽģǿĸ֪ܸ֪ĺƽ, Ȼô˯˹ȥ
¸˹нɫâһ
ǲΪ֪ǾŻṩǼȻˣôܱܿ

ûӢ, Ӧþͺ˰ɣ



˵, ڶһȥʹһȥˡ
֮ǰǳĿʺϾס˾ӵ˾ӵض, һʱֻǿ꣬ʱҲȥˡ
֪ǣǰ뿪¸˹Ҳ뿪ɽ

ͬǣһΰ¸˹ǸŽߵķߡ
ĺʹ󻨺һĿĵضȥ

һĿĵһСϪԱߡ
һʵ˾ӵ, ҪεסиɾˮԴûй̫ǿĴҰޡ
Ϻ֣סرΣҲ˵ʲôҰܵǺױ֡

һֻܷط
۽ôڸңûҵס
ˮԴȷʵ峺

ߣȥڶطĻǲ̫ѡ
ڶĿĵҪز˵ˮԴҲ˵ȫûˮԴˮԴȽԶ̫㣬סǻΡ
Ĵ󻨣׼ܲҵεģܹסĵط

ǽ֮ǰȷطʱʵҹңȻҲˡ
ֻʱȻһҵһرõطȻᷢϡ

˼һ£Ǿȥط
ȻûߵǱߣͺȻоһ⣬һΣֱıϺëȫըֻüڵһ۽ȴֻܿһ޴ĻɫӰ˹зצӡ

Σյʱ򣬽Ļ侲жϣֻצӦò䵽ҪǴʻļ϶ʧȥһֱֻ۵ƿأʱΣա
һ첲ֵˡ
ô࣬ʵҲǶ̶һ˲˵׼ȴɫȻһֻµצӺȻ䵽Աߵĵϡ

Ȼ֪ɫΪʲôʧ󣬵ǽӿǼ˾վ
Զһ㣬Ҳֻܿɫ޵ģ
ԲԲĶ䣬ԴҲԲԲģ֫޳ϼȫɫֻжͷһ֡

Ǽʺϻ˲жϳҲ˹ȵס
ǼʱЩǰĶ޴κ͸ĹӶѣɱֻҲռüƵıˡ
ǵʱд󻨴ưڴȻڣȴڣ޻ΣԱȾҪܶࡣ

ȻýǣΪֱӹľ޻צڵ˼£Ž꣬һ˫޴ĻĿŽģȴǰëҪըһ
оɣ͸о

ˡ
ĽӲ̧ԴͿ֮ϣҶƬ϶ԼܿӴӰӡ
ȻھͺȻʧǵҰУȡ֮ģһֻӵкɫƬľޡ

Ǿ
Ժпհ롣

Զ뿴ʱ򣬽Ļˣܾ壬ӶҪӲˡ
ǡһ죬˽ĵ־Ҳſڵϵľ޻ղһǾ޻ġ

Ҫô죿
Ծ޻ȻΣպܴ󣬵ǽĻŬİ취Ծûġ
οзŵľʧ֮󣬻ֱ˹

ĸо˫ɫ۾˼룬󱳷ʱ޻Ǳȥˡ
ȻһצӾʹ˾޻ȡ
޻һȴҺгһ飬ŬӺ󱳵亹ըĺëһˡ

ûзӦٶ죬Ӱܿʧ
СĴƫˣ޻ȵľܵŲԼצӣھ޻һ޻ʧȥϢ

Ȥ̫ˡ
ɱ޻ʵûȤЩ̫ˡ
ʱǸСΣյʱɱ˻вᾪȣݣмɣ

ĹҲǲĳмľЩ΢ĸˣܹľ⣬һĵһ°ɣ
ȥǸ˼ġ

Ȼþû졣
ɫһ˿ɻԼѹܿǸС࣬ѵ˹ȥ

ɻľͷͿյɭ֣֮ǰڵʧˡ


һߡ
ķ룬סһҲܴͽһᣬûз죬ȵһһĲŷ˴󻨵ı̫ߣǾ߾С

˵ʱĻе㴭Ϣ󻨵Դô̵ľʼԾ
ֱȷܵĹԶˣĺʹ󻨲ͣϢ

Ȼʼ²⣬ھﲻԶĵطҾʵ϶رǿģȻҲûڳ׵洩󣬽ֻܵ˾ǿԼС
򲻹ľ޻ھǰû˿֮ĿҲûء

ȻҪԶ롣
Ҳȥλˣһ£λþڶλҲԶȷϵһλðɣûкʵסСľݿóҲֶ壬ʵҪңд󻨺ʹҲرѣպһʱ䶼ԡ

һ⣬ҲˣʹٶȻصɽɽͿ¸˹ʵʵɽ
һ˵ûȥ̫ˣھͰҡ
¸˹ɫˣһֺܸӵģû񿴹һͷˮ

һ㶼ûף¸˹Ȼʣ¾
Ϊʲô⣿ľе֡
ûף¸˹վá

ģ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҲð¸˹е֣ǰ¸˹׾õģһϽ˵ߣ֮˵

֮˵
¸˹񶨶˽룬

ѵСΪΪǲ̤ģһҪý⵽ϣԾ
ǿʴȣھӻͲẦˡ
ߣȫĵط

һȷңҾһˣвֿ⣬·дƺʹ󻨣СֻڶԷˣİѶֿװ˴룬ʣµĴ󻨺ʹƸһ֣СֻҲһ֣ȫŪˡ
ĵľԼס
׳˺ܶ࣬Ѿˣ滹Ѿ˻

İҵһǼеСӣֻҪ׻ˣܵͼɵ
ǰҸտʼʱ򣬽ľһ⡣

ʹǸ·ģļƻôƴŰ¸˹һɣڴ󻨱ϣʲôͻʹ󻨾ͿԽ
ǣƲԸð¸˹ı
ǿܣĶܴÿëϿ

û취Ǵ󻨱Ű¸˹񣬽ڴƱϡ
Ϊ˼СֻĳϾûȫɣҲã˲ٶǸСʱϢʮӣȵĿĵصʱѾСʱ֮ˡ
ߴСֻŷ֮עͱСϪˡ

֮ǰˮǽͲӺ˸ڿϪˮɺˣչȥ档
ĺݣֻǶһ䣺һĵط棬棬Ҫȡˮ

СֻߴߴİɣǾ档
ֵߵߵܹȥˣĿֻ󼦣ҲҪȥ𣿡
󻨺ܳҡͷԴ˲Ҫ

Ȼ͵΢ͬǽ⼸ſû
Ȼ˾ֵʱ
⼸ֻҪӾͿˣСľݶһͺˡ

׸Ͻ
Ŀ׵񶼴ȣҶӣúóڻ֪ûаȫȲͲֲˣһһܴ㡣

ÿһĻİ¸˹˶١
ǲǱɵˣû˺
Լеˡ

ӵǴ󻨺ʹưæֻܻһڽĵİ¸ԼҲ˸ӡ
ӺˣˮʱСֻҲˣﻹ㡣

ץˣĿ㡣
㿴С۳ϸͨɫֻ۾ڵĵطиڵ㣬Ǳ˵㡣

รСڽǰǱƣ
Ĳ²⣺ҵģ
Сͷร

ǻССһһĵĻҲˡ
ľȣһоһ΢͸ж
һ֣ﺢӳˣҲ֪ʼ˵ĸо

㱻ϹһЩɳҪһ֪ղСǵװȻҪҧģĶܿͦ
ֻǻûȽĶ㣬ܵʲôһһſβ̣Ȼ̲ˡ
𣿡

һĵͷมǵġ
ǻĿһ䣬СһͻСรҲܰ
ЦԣǶܰ

ĺСֻֻķΧֻܻͣǵһͷͿ¸˹·֮⣬ڲԶſ
ǽĿȥһ˲¸˹ǲˣתͷͽĶߣȻǾû˼תȥˡ
ģ

͡о¸˹춼ֵֹġ
Ǵʲôʱʼֵģ˵ҵʱ
¸˹Ǻϲ֮ǰǸɽ˵ʵʵҲͦϲģǲʵΣգŻ𣿿Ӱ¸˹ɣ

տʼļ죬ĻǲǻΣգһֱƽ˾Ҳһġ
ӸտʼĹûгȷʵǱȽϰȫġ
֮һҪ⣺¸˹ֿʼԽԱˡ

֮ǰ¸˹񻹿ʼ˵ҲܸȤӣǴԱָڰ¸˹ҲȥҲ˵ÿڷ
Ŀʼǳ֪¸˹ôˣҲ

¸˹񡣡ĺ˰¸˹һ¸˹Ǹӵķָһ񣬽ʣҪҳȥ𣿡
¸˹Ų߼Ǿܾˡ
̾һ

û̫ΣգдƺСֻŰ¸˹񣬽׼ȥġ
ûȥС฽
Ĺȥһ׿ˣ

֮ǰֻлڿˣһͬʱ仨
۾һϵͳգοҶӣȻҾ֪ġ
СรҲ

ЦУ㵱ȻҲġ
Ƭˣ侲˵㣬д꣬ȻͼҲ
ͼӵеûýļȥȡСľݡ

Ȼͳһƴ͸ˮˮǾµСľݡ
Сľݾһ㣬ȥܼ򵥣ڽĿǱ
Сľ֮ŷСľݵĺá

ƷƣһɳɳСľݡ
ũסСľݣѾũϵͳ󶨣Ϳ

տһܣԺѸʲôϽϵͳ棬ȻϽһСݱ־ҵȥ֮ʾСľǿģ
˽֮⣬ҪһЩϣڿ϶ʺţƻûܴ򿪵ʱ

֮ǰסɽŲѣһҪԭ˷Сľݡ
ԷȻûִֵطһӶҲͦİοãʵСľݱĳط֮󣬾ֻܰҪתƣСľݲǾֻ

һжӭж⣬һ㶼ˡ
ĺܸˣĿĵıСľݣȻǺö
ϵͳԴˣ֪ʲôطŻôĶ

Ĵʱ϶ûд𰸵ģ˾ϲ˷ܣȿ˿ĸˢ³ˡ
ۻͼ
ͷ֡

ͷ֣
֮ǰõķС͵ģһԵģֿܵģ͵ģӦְͦɣ
ҪҲߣֻҪֿ԰СľȥС

ҳ֮⣬һջͼͬʱˡ
֮ǰÿζֻԿһͼֶʱҪʱ䣬ײˣͬʱͼζͬʱ
ԼԿʼ¿ҪȽϳʱֲﶼ̫Ӱˡ

ڽĵһҪֵģҪջʱر𳤵ģ֮ǰġӡ
ܾûʳˣںܲòã
СĵóһͲп飬ÿһ鶼һѿ㣬Сȥ֣֮Ųֿӣ˵һ⿴˲ֿʮףһӣǽӲͣ

ʮʵҲ࣬׶ȽϴҲʮóľȡķȻóһװǲҶӣϲ˸ϸСľȻбڵϿʼ
ڶҲǰ˿
ʣľֻȻݸСֻһԿϲϲ

Сֻ۾һչ׼С
֮ǰĸƻͺܺóԣڿĸףҲӦζ

óҲ״СǼʵĴףһСֻ˵ʵСˣСֻã˳
ʣǴ󻨺ʹƵġ

ȻǼϲʳ֮һֻĻֻСģԵʱ򶼸ˣڵģͷҲ̧һھס
ֻǱϾ٣ܿͳˣСֻ۰Ͱ͵ĿŽģֻҲ̲ס￴

ײϲϲҾͶһЩ˵
Сֻͬĵͷ۾ˡ
óʣµľſӣһſŵ£ڵϣЩˣףҴһ¿ܲܵӡ

óһµףСֻƮƮģŻɫֹסڶڲ
ˣɹһԿ֣ԺкܶˡЦЦ
СȲรܶܶࣿ

ĵͷǵģܹܶܶ࣬ÿһڡ
Сรһᱣģ
ʧЦãҾͰ׽ˡ

ײҪ̫ʱ䣬տܲȷ׿֮һ¸˹񣺡
¸˹СֻȻĳһڡ

һ˲ʵе㵣İ¸˹ԲףĹ۲죬¸˹Ǹ۲۵ʳ߲ʲôܲմͲմʵҲһϲ
ǳԤϵǣ¸˹Ȼͦϲġ
ĿԵڶھ֪ˣϾ¸˹ǸԭˣϲĵڶھԲǸһˣҲȫ

ףĿʼ䡣
ӣһѾ˵ʮףڶıΪǽң֮ŷ֡һ

һ㹻̵ٴζ𡣡

ڻȱʲô
ȱһڹ
۾һ˲俴˲ֿͺͻʣȣȱ˵ȵȣȥ̵ûС

̵ﵱȻӵģҲܵãοһҶûˣҪһҲûа취
һͼǿհףʱûµܲʱͼ
ĺȻ뵽һ취¶һЦ



Ͳ˻
ĺʹһ죬ھͰһ鵱Լĵˣж֮ȫᾪ۷䡣
ýǣ۷ȻһֹԲǿĶ⿴ժͲ˼ԣֻҪĲյǰȥڣҲӽġ

ȻҲԵ޹ʵȥЩ۷䡣
һֱǺƽദ״̬

Ͳ˻ҲҪռͲ˻״̬
ڲȷϵͳҪֳĲ¼룬˵Ķ¼룬֮ǰֻһͼ϶ڵøһˡ
һƬͲ˻ӣҲǽ֮ǰȡͲѣѡͲ˼ԣͲ׼ȫĽȥ

ȻͲ˻״̬н״̬
ھôһƬͲ˻ôһǲȺģø۾ϹˣҳûֻͲ˻ꡣ

ƬȥľͿͼ
Ȼõģ
۾һͼ³䣬˸Զ۷ǵĵطͿӡ

һӲʮͲѣڶӵʱ򣬽һ·ϲ˲֣С򿪡
20
Ķˡ

Ҫң˵ģҲʮΪԼʮͺܺˣϴξʮξȻ˶ʮң˰
˶˷Ŀŵӣִ򿪡
ǰСĵɫ壬⽪ĲʶϵͳͰ

ʯԹмʹһ¡
мֽǰ컹룬ǲһеĽмԹٿ԰СֽȥȻ֪мóʱάֶãʯ°

ĸϽĽʯúðڷڲֿ
ϧͲ˻һƬһԴճ״ֲ̬ﲻˣϵͳ֪ǲΪ˷ֹգû¼浵Ƭ̫ࡣ
֮ǰֻһͼʱֻܴ浵ƬͬʱԿͼҲֻܱƬ

ȻźǽĽջѾܴˣѾ㣬̵׼ʹһȥ뿪֮ǰǼȻŵһζ
ζϤȻһЩǡǷ۵ζ
ĳĬˡ

˴󻨵ıָʹ󻨵ߣܿͿ˷䳲
Ǽʱ۷󣬷䳲ȻҲ󣬶Ҳ֪ǲǼʱЩﶼ˵ԭ򣬽ľۺԹĶҪ
еΪʲô֮ǰʱûŵζ

ҪǡҪҪȥŪһۻ

ĵԥܿ˾ҪȥŪۻȻҲǳ嶯¡
Щ۷ȻڻǵʱӽĵģǽĲȷԼȥ͵ǻ˷ֳ÷ְԼЩ۷Ӧûǻ
ȻҲѷȫߣǸѾôߣֻȡһСȳζ

Ȼ˾ľͶŴֹһŴӰʧɭУǱ߿ȥ
߹ȥʱûֵģҲ̽Щ۷ĵߣֵǣߵ˷ѱϣЩ۷仹ûзӦ
ڷԱѲߵĹ䶼ֱ

ⳡȷʵе죬һҧذһֱӾͷŵ˲ֿ
ˡܵʲô̼Ȼתߡ
ǽѾѸԶ룬˷ַ֣Χ֮⣬ֻһֻеĹ䡣

ֱָӰ˳ȥֻ䱻ûλƣײֻ䣬Դ˻Σ
ûз
зڣЩ۷ûзֽģʶ˷ֵķΧԶܿЩŷźȻֵĹ˸䡣

һܡ
ֻܵһ룬Ȼе㲻ԣŻͷһй䶼ͣԭأȣš

ղŲǻ
ֱһ룬Ϳÿһ·һֻԱȹһɫ͸ξȻмϸĴ۷˳
Ƕصӣļǵһʱ뵽һݣ




24.  ĵڶʮ   ôһ䳲أ

󻺻ɳ, ̽ŲŲŽŲ
ԷȻԿ
亹еðΧĹΧʱ, ȷ󻨵ٶǲǱ۷ǿ, 󻨵ٶ˵㣬ȥ˴ǱҲûʲô, ۴󻨡

ҲЩ۷ΧڿȶţֻҪ, Щ乥, ĵķ־ͻᱻĥܶ, ҲܸЩ۷ȳ־ðɣ
˵ˣ¸˹ʹǻڵȥܾװ׺ķʱ䡣
뵽, Ĳɣתͷɭȥ

Щ۷Ҳкôģǿ, ýĺӹȥΪȽϴ, ǷȻɣĳЩֱȽСķ϶ûȥġ
, Ҳܿ죬Ա֦ܽѾ֮ķɿԾջͷһۣʵ䵹ûôජģκηǸġ

һС۰Ӧò÷ǧ׷ɱɣ
ʱȥ, Ȼûб׷ϣܸܵԼĺܿ죬ʱÿ˴󻨡
ʵʹ󻨲ͬķܵģǴ󻨿Ƿ˵ʲô׷ˣ׷ŵķ֮󣬴һ飬ֱӵסĵĺӰ˦ϣͿʼڳ򴩹ңա

ģduckص죬ϤıСӵĸоǸ˻= =
󻨵ķٶȿ϶ǱܵÿģȻ޷ôãǲǴ󻨿˦ǣ

ôŵĽĻͷˣȻ˲Զŵķǡ
Ĺһ£Ǹŵľ룬ž֮ǰܵʱŵľ롣
һֺܹĸоڽԺһɵĿŷ˼

ʱ򣬽ĺȻһ޺Ӷһ£һ˲Ҫʧϣ󻨷Ӧ죬ֱӾһƾ䡣
Ҳơ
ĿϸңϱհдŵˣıܸںΣա

ôֻϵ֦Ѿ̫ϸˣпܻܲסġ
һ΢ѹϣһ˻Σϸϸ֦ѾǿĿס˴󻨺ͽĵء

ѵʱֲﶼôǿ
ţһȥͿһֻϤӴ
Ǿ

ԵġǷǣ
ˣܸĻ֮عζղŷ񲢲׼˺Ȼ֪ΪʲôǷ֮ǰͿ׷ġ
ûС

Ϊʲôԭ
벻̫ףڿͷĶţľ͸ˡ
Ϊʲôּˣ

Ļ˻ԴԼ̫Ѩ
ǵμ˵ʵǵĴμֻǵһεʱںУûѡ

˵һʵڶεʱпܾͷεʱ򣬾Ȼ֣ûйɱ˶𹥻ľ޻
ΪԼһϣֱӰСˡ
أ

ͷȺھֳˣһλǶŷȺ
Ϊʲôһ֡ڰĴ
ô᣿;ûʲôΪʲôҪΪҲӦðһ

ȴ֪һ˲ô뷨ſ죬Ҫǡ
ھǰҶȴһСģϸ𣺡࣬Ⱦҡ
ģ

±ƵĿ˿Ϳ˷ڶͬʱߵ죺Ⱦҡ
Ƿ󣿡һ䡣
󣺡ǣû˺㣬ס֡

ǣôܹܵ˾
ıһѾ΢ֱ΢ֱ̲ס˵һ䣺ɱ󡭡
˼鷢ˣȻתͷ˽һۣȻ͵شһС

СֱӾŷԶȥֻ϶ҡ㡭л
ģ
ղžǲǱʽǱ˰ɣ

ѵãξΪΪʲô
벻ףϸϸ䣬ʵû뵽Լпܻеģ;Ľ˸ˡ

žû˵ȻҲת
ϸľͿĺɫƬʵŽɫ·ԼķܺÿҾ۾ĺÿĽɫıʯ

عԼžʼĽһ飬ëԼ;۵Сۣð֮󣬾С磬̫˵ˡ
ģ
±ƵĿžֱˣĪþеϤ

ˣ֮ǰϵĽɫ·ҲеϤѵʲôʱ;·ƵĶ
ĳ˼

аСʱȷϾˣˣĲĴ󻨣󻨣㻹ܷ𣿡
ίมܣ
ģǴӵߡ

ȻˣûʱУٶҲͦ죬ԺܿͻصСǱߡ
СݣǶúõģȥð¸˹ķ䡣

СݵĵȼһǼ򵥵СľݣмǿҸһ䣬иСǳұߵСǲԡң¸˹סұǸ䣬֮ű¶¸˹žµ
¸˹㡭˵һ룬Ȼ֪ô˵ˣ˸򣺡ʲôҽ˵ۻȻ÷ۿ⣬Ҫ𣿡

š¸˹ͷ
ЦЦɨ¸˹·ܾԼʲô

Ȱ¸˹ȷûʲô飬֮󣬽ɫ
ղʵʰ¸˹ҪҪ뿪ģȻİ¸˹񣬵ں񱻾ˣð¸˹һ𣬿ܻΣա
ԾȫûԱ֮˵¸˹ˡ

Ȼ뵽һ£ÿξܼʱΣյʱ֣ǲ֤϶ֽţҪǰ¸˹ǲҲˡ
ûãͿð¸˹뿪
Ŵһңдڣ¸˹ԼӦҲһЩǾͿɭ˳ȥ

ĺ侲һУڰ¸˹ûбϣҪ۲̽һ¡



ۿ˰¸˹ĺ¸˹˫ĶŽﻹʣķѣĳɵС۳ݹȥͿ¸˹ӹȥĺȡ
ĶŰ¸˹ϸָȻ˰¸˹Ĳӣ͹Եĺڹ
ھˣ۴￴ܺÿ

Ȼ԰¸˹ֻͣǽĻ̲סипһ䣬лˮǱʡ
һ꣬¸˹ֶ˽ĵķѡ
Ҳ˰ôķѣõһЩ¸˹Ū˰룬ڿ¸˹񻹶ŷֱۣӰѷѷŵֿУܳˣһԳԶġ

¸˹棺Ҳ
ĺܼ֣Уҿÿ׼ˮһ첻ܶԡ

¸˹Ҳûͽֻۣǳ֮ûã׼ȥתת
뵽ıҪܾģ룬ǴӦ

ţʲôΣգҪԼİΣΪءĸ¸˹ľǸֻ
¸˹ӹȥˡ
żϣ°Ϳշſ֮󣬺ȻֵľȻǾ

ģ
ǰɣʱҪˢڸУ
ֻϣûжϰ¸˹

¸˹Ҳûȥ̫ãĹҲһСʱң¸˹ͻˣϸһ°¸˹񣺡û°ɣûʲôΣհɣ
ûС¸˹ȥ鲻ıǼ⶯˶Щɻ
ôڰ¸˹ŵ˷ζѵ֮ǰȵһôǲҪ׼¸˹ķ

ϾݸҪ
˵ۣˣҲȥһˡ
¸˹񣺡šȻͽԼˡ

һȥģͲ˻ǱߣǵȵĿĵأǰⳡĿɿڴ
ǣһƬôʲô飬Ͳ˻ڵϣ˹۶˺ܶ࣬һҵӡ
СǸ䳲أ

ôһ䳲ôҲˣ




25.  ĵڶʮ   ӷ

紵Ͳ˻ͦƯ, ɽȴͲ˻ң۾̲ס, ѵǷ󱻾ŵ, ҹŶԣմŷ䳲ˣ
ɷǻ, ȥҷ

ˡ
üģȻҲȻȥɡ
ɸת, ľϤ, ϸϸء

ĳɣ󣿡
ءϸϸĿ, ҭҭ㡭㲻ȻȻǸħҵķ䳲ˣҶûй͵ҷ䳲ġ

ſԽԽ, Ҳ˽ĵҰУľȻӷϿί
һҪҺ;ûʲôϵˣ
, ԰޵ô˸ãҭҭĴħ, ħǰҵģҵķ䳲, ҪҸ𡣡

治ʶͷۣһ˷Ŀ͸ˡ
˵ʵһֱ϶;һģΪ䳲𹥻, ûôֲֻһĿޣĻ֮Լʲô£ĪС

лж߿ŵʵĿͰ͵ý˸ǵ⣺ô𣿡
Ӧˣҭһʡ
ľе㲻ԣʣҪô𣿡

ǲǲ븺ˣȻ븺ˣҷ䳲ŪûˣҪþòģ㲻ˣǻʼ
üתҪߣٶûз죬Ǽϴ󻨣ûȷ죬Էһֱ߶߶

ˣֻҪҪΪѣҾʹӦ㡣ǳ˳顣
𣿡˲䲻ҭˣһգ۾ͷɵ˽ǰ˫Ӧ˶𣿡
ѣҪҪ󲻹֡

ֵĲֵģǡŤŤ壬ȥе㺦ߣǲлûŹζӦǻܲĻϲۣ
ģ
ɫ𽥱úɣ׷ҾΪ

Ȼ԰ǲ֪ΪʲôһֱҪܣħֺȻˡ
ģΪʲôһֱܣԭһʼͺ˵Ҳܰ

ȵȡ
Ĵһ·˼

ͦӣ֪գʾ֮ǰⲻ˵ǲǾҪ䣬ԼѶͳ
һֱңҪ𣿡ҪˣֻǲֲۣŪĻֲ۵ģȥôˣ

ģȻôе΢
㲻˵֮ǰҲһ䳲Ȼ֪۷ǲֲۣ겻ڲʲôӰ죬ǡ
ʵʵ˵Ǳȷʵֲ￪˻ȽСҾǲۿܻеΪѡ

һ飺ҿԵģҿԱСģ
˵ţıһС˽ǰͨ۷С
Ȼ֣ҲˣҿԴӦ㣬ҲҪӦңҪСĲۣҪҵĻŪˡ

ת뵽һ£ϵͳ̳ǣӣȻҲѳһƬ
һΣ´ʲôֲ㶼ۡдջ
桭𣿡۾һ

Ŀ϶ȻģҿϲֶˣҪҲҪʱ䣬ҪҪȸһȥ
ûŹĻ÷ԥĵͷá

ΪֻзԱСǷŽĻȥġ
ʶٶȵĽĿɲὫ󵱳С׻ȥʱ򣬻СһͻСֻСֱһֵһֻԴƵ˼ȵȵȵȣȱңȱɣȻҶˡ
ҪֻС˵˾Ͳˡ

ֻС
ⶫôģΪʲôŴɰ
Сǵľˣϸϸ

Ȼг򣬵ǻûƯëȥܴצ̫ˣֻֻرצӣһצ̫ϸˣÿϣǸвȲߵĳ
ɲ֪СǵĿȫȫڸܷеĻ㣬۾ȻûŹĻ㣬ܹͷķۻϡ

˵һ
ܻˣķûˣ
뵽̲סԹĿһ۽ģа˾ģȻˣ֪סԺһҪɻۣ

档Ķ궯ȴûжķ֣ȴ⡣
ôܿƣֱӳȥˣȻΪ´ҪҪǾҪϸˡ

󻹲֪ĵ뷨۰Ͱ͵ĸŽĽȥȿԺͲ׻ʱ򣬼ƲסԼļ͡𣿡
ԣȥɡĵͷ
᣺Ǻˣ֮ǰˡ

ģ
Ȼ̫Ӿͺˡ

׻ĿѸٱС׻϶ҲᣬҲͷġ
˭֪䲻һʵ

ĿȻߵİ¸˹񣬻룬¸˹˵ͦǿ͸ղ¸˹񲻳ȫûиܵĿˡ
ʵʡ
š¸˹䵭Ӧһ׻ҸķȻһ£ɵĿ˿졣

ҲҪ˰ĻΪʲôһֲõԤУ
ˣȲ»Ļۡ

Ǳ߽ĵǺ棺ô֪ģ
¸˹񣺡
ģ

ͷʺŵĿŰ¸˹ȷϰ¸˹û׼˵ȥֻԼ²ⲹ䣬˼ѵǿģ
ôûܿ
üͷ΢΢𣺡¸˹㡭е֡

¸˹䵭˽һۣתˡ
ðɣƢˡ
̾һ룬ûŷҲˡ

ʵĶڰ¸˹˵ĻǺŵģϾһף仨ȴСʱ
ȻͦᣬǽĶҪԼĻĥûˣզ죿

ˣҲ˻ˡȷڴ׻ʱѾһƵκӣģýĻɷǲȥˣݾ̳ˡ
Ǿ㽪÷ݾ̳ӣҲûоư
ѹкɣȥ˿׻

׻ôãû󣬷˺ܶ࣬׶˺ܶࡣ
ҺܰģҪң󽾰ͦأ϶ܳøã㿴֮ǰĻƻöá

Ķһ£Ӧ˵ĻƻͲ˻
´µĻǵúŶ˵ġġ
ûиңԲɲͬ۵İ취ʵİɣĺȻ˵

ô֪ѿڶһϽ죬Ѿˡ
ģȻôҪôã

Ҫ׵úôû뵽֪࣬죺Ҫʲô
ұΪѵģȻң´ҪҪ˵һĵӡ
ٴô˺ôԼе飬ڿģ½ĲˣææʣҪʲôʲôҪҰæĶ˵

ûʲôҪæġ˵ţ󼱵ĳֱȣǲ˵һ䣺м鲻֪岻
Ͻң۾һҴҴߴ١
֪⸽˭𣿡




26.  ĵڶʮ   ɫ˫ͫ

֡
һӰϢֹľ洩, ĳЩǿĵ̱ԵپҲûǵע
ԷȻͳһȺˡ, , ΧʲôӲ۾

û֮ǰʷ, ǹڸʲôޣԼЩƢãЩǴġ
ͽİ˺ܶ, Χϸϸһ, ϸǿԿپЩ˵ע, ǵʲôʲôЩ޺
ʵϸҲشϸ, ڽɭȫµġ

֮󣬽ͣҲԼһεĿꡪһֻ׸ߵĴ
˵, ڴӷʱ򣬽ľа˳ɰҰ, 濴ʱ򣬽Ļ̲סľϲ
Ⱑ

ը, ۷ʲô߲涼óԣһ⣬Źǣ䣬βȵȿԷŻ˵Ĳλڿй, ⣬Ķ͸ˡ
ҲˣСеȵϡ
ʵûСˮǻƶ֮ʳҲֵ㡣

ڻһͼѡ񣬽Ҳ㹻ôʱѡСɡ
СҲʳˡ

һֻعҰŤŤԼϡ
ҰҰĳǿ²ھ޴ͣһƳܲסײ
շ˵ģֻҰƢܱ꣬ûֻǱпܻᱻ

ֻҰҲ㣬ȻȽ۾ܹˣʵҲȽ񣬽һ·ǿŷֹģϢû¶СĽŻҰԱ˻ûб֡
ҲΪҰĲŻѡ

û취ͨʵ飬˳ֵļޡ
ֿڸϢҲǻ۲ߣʵǿʶĺӹȥʵȽϸˣֵعܾûжˡ
֮ǰôʶƵġ

Ұʵŵ˿Եֿõĳ̶ȣ񲻺ðĴ򲻹Ҫˣʱܡ
ȻҲóȻðյģ֮ǰ¸˹ķֻҲûˣԵֿһΣա

Ȼλðգǲðôǿ
Ҫ㹻Ա֮ɣ
Ȼ˷֡

ͬʱҰȻӶ˶Դת˽Ҳڵ١
ĵһʱ֮ٿֻҰֻֻҰˡ

ɫ壬Ƕ̶̵ĺϡëЩëŵģ⣬ӦúܼӲ
˵һжûɾҰӶ˶ֱӾ˹

۾΢΢ס辣͸оֱӻ˻Ρ
ѡһֱ׵ĴִҰײ¶ζúԣұײһ֮󣬽ĻоҰܿײ˵ڶΡ

Ƶʡ
ĿŶۣҰȴûаоһײɣײȥ

ı֦ǿŽóǹ׼Ұ
ҰƤ˽ȻóǹȴҲֻ׼Ұ㡣

ǹһܣǽʲôģùǹܣһСʱԳٷ֮һſһСʱٷ֮塣
ЩߣҲǹ䣬ֻûжٿɹ̫ʱ䣬ǹֱų
Ҳ˵ǹԹΡҲǽĸҰԭ

ĵһ׼ĿꡭҰ۾
۾㣬ϾοǶҲֻǿ׼Ұ۾ֺȣҲģҰײ´εķԽԽҲûаҡ

ڣ
ײɵҰԴ΢΢̧һ˲佫۾¶˳ָһǹ˲һ׹һʱûҰ۾

໣ҰʹһеۺȻըһ£Ѫ
ʹ·̼ҰˣҡԴײҡ
ıײ˶ڻζǹҲյ˲ֿҰײʱȻ˷֡

зڣҰ˵޷֪ĵģΪʹҰǽζʧصĴǳޣڲͣײ
ڽģŻҲӦˣԱߵ֦Ѿվȣ֮ǰͿˣֻ׼ĿλãԱǿȥ

ҰڲͣײڲñȻζĽһСĵƵҰ࣬óǹһ׼Ұһֻ۾
Ұʱ򣬷Ļᣬһֻ˺Ұͬȸ߶ȵ֦Ѿϣͬʱ֮Ұа˳ɿֱܻӳ

ǸʱҪʱ̡

ԽǵΣյʱ򣬽ľԽ侲ĵȴţҰͣײǿôҰһֱͣײ֮¶ˣֱ󡰺䡱һֱӵ˵ϡ
ҰеײС
ݣȴͣҰΪ˶ͣµһ˲䣬ǹ

һ׹ûҰʣֻõ۾˲䣬Ұڶʹ罪ϵ
ȴûҲûӣҰž롣
ףףסҪһ㡣

ףסۿҰҪҧˣ̲ס΢΢
УҪŵøϣ
ţȻر˷֡

֮ǰŵģҰ޴޵Ϣ֣ҰȻǽһͷײŴ;Ҫҧġ
ڣ
ǹ΢΢бֱۿҪûҰУָҲҪ۶ˡ

һ룬һѹɨǽĻҰĶ˰ģͬʱһԼɼķд£޴ķ׳Ұͷ­ʱûаͣͣȻֱû
Ұ޴ͷ䣬Ұǰ治ԶĽľͱҰѪһһ
ģ

һĨһͷͿҰľ޴ͷ­Լ֪ȥҰ͵һ޴ģпķ϶
һ̧ͷһ˫ɫͫ
ǿ̸̸𣿡



รһѪĽİѴ󻨸ŻˣһͷŽģż
ƣҡҡͷû¡
û뵽Լܰȫѡ

ȷÿζΣʱ֮벻ͨΪʲôĽ׼ӸϽ顣
֪е֣ǾǿԽģ֪ʲôط˾ۣǻԺ;̸̸֪ҪõʲôܸģһӦ

û뵽ǣÿζ͵͵עÿζܼʱľĻ֮˫ɫ۾ãȻȻˡ
Ȼըס
һεը׺֮ǰǼζҪҡ

Ѿˣ
Ǿ˲Ӧס鷳ôԼһȥˣ
ܾԼʲô

֮ǰҰһսȻʱ̣˲پ֮Ұʰһ£еˡ
֮ǰĿźܰӣʴ󻨣¸˹ڼң
󻨵ͷ

Ժһ˿⣬Ϊ̫ƣûץסȥ˵ˮԡԡһ
ʱȴǡüҪİ¸˹񣬽е㾪ϲ¸˹ˣԵĻаɣҪҡ˵

Ļû˵ͣסˡ
Ϊŵİ¸˹Ȼͷ˫ۣȻ˽ɫ




27.  ĵڶʮ   㡭Ǿ


˫۵ʱ, һ£ƾűֱʣ¸˹۾
۾¸˹ָԼ˫, Ž, ƺܲʣô

ô
ǣǶû㣿Ҿͳȥһ˰ɣ۾ôˣ
ɫ۾, ɫ·ϵĽ·ÿμʱоΪʲô⡣

һ׮׮һȻʹԺð˳, ֮ǰԼоɵ·һߴ, ǳ˳, ˱ۣ֪۵ʱ¸˹Ѿǰ˸
ʲô

¸˹ʵĺ, ǽһ㶼øˣٻգգۣĬ˺ð, ԥʣ㡭ûʲô˵𣿡
𣿡¸˹ޱ飬ȴĿ˿, һ˫ֱֱŽĵ۾

Ȼ¸˹ûвɫɽļ, оԼܿµĶסˡ
ָоʼӵһθоơ
ǰѾǸ꣬ǿޱȵľ

ĸоԼһƬң֪Լʲôˡ
Žĵİ¸˹ΣսȥϢҲ·ƽ
ȻС෴Ӧе֣ûдпĿ־, ǿƽ֮ǰð

Ŀɲ֪ĳֻԺô뷨¸˹ΣյϢȥ֮Ҳһ˼ƽһ㡣
̽ʣ¸˹㡭Ǿ
¸˹䣺š

ģ֮ǰڱң
¸˹ЦҪĿʲôҪõʲô
һĽģȻˣӻǳˡ

ǰ¸˹ⷴӦýİˣûһ¸˹
ǻͲᷭ
ǸҲ֪֮ǰľ㡣ĺܳϿҵĵǸ

¸˹䵭㲻Ǿ¾ڸһᣬߣҾߡ
¸˹ģüģʼ֪Ǿҿ϶Զ㣬ҿ֮ʼҡ

¸˹ɫ䣬Ҳ΢Ĳá
˵ʵᱩ¶ҲģǱ΢ŭޣʼҪ
ĳֻȫڲ֮ǰԽĲмһˣҲ⡣

ۿ¸˹ɫ۾ҪͫˣһЦǰ¸˹ȻǾ
¸˹ͬ飬ȻȻ˾ͬ顣

¸˹ͫɣָ۾ӣðΣڽΪҪ˵ʲôʱֱתطˡ
ǻûˣ
һʺţ룬ûȥ׷ʣڶͬǾ黹ûȫô



ڶʱ򣬽Ұϵ廨һ벻ĺ⡣
ȻûǣĺζǺܲΪֻҰⱾͺ
ΪǼʱ˺ܶЩﲻʵôζĺ˲١

˺֮⣬Ļ÷ۿ˵⣬Щ󲿷ֶ˰¸˹Ķӡ
һԲݵİ¸˹컹һĳĬ۾˺ɫͽĵദҲûб仯ǻӣĶ̬Ҳûб仯˫Ĭ

Ŷʵһ仯ġ
ʱ򣬽ľͿֱȥʰ¸˹񣺡֪ʺϾסĵطǻһ㣬ֲضһġ

ֵأ
¸˹һ
۾һȥɣһкֵܶأ

¸˹ڽǰ˾ֻ֮ǰСһ㣿
Ļ¸˹ҪʲôͿһֻצץǶһЩǰצ
ȡȵȣץ

һ¡
Ļû˵꣬ͱ¸˹ץסһ͵˿Уֻҵķӭ洵ҪɸɵˣҲȫı߷ɵģ

ںܿ죬СĸоԼŲȵʵأŻڷεԴԼе
˻Ĳ˼Χ

һɽȣûп·ԹͰ¸˹Ǵġ
ľܶ࣬ǴǵͰĹľһЩƯģҲһ˸ߵĻ֣Ĳһʯͷ˿طƯ

İǿֲ￴˿طҲͦôʱΪչؿС
ֺף֡

һͨ滮뵽ڿҸطúöһɡ
Ȼ粻һˣǰҲ׼ǻ˸ط˸ϵͳͦõġ

ˣܺãлл㣬¸˹ȥѷӺʹǴɣԺǾﶨˣ
Ϊ˸л㣬ϸóԵģ





28.  ĵڶʮ죨һ   ٴΰҡ

İ¸˹ܲ, ˵ԵģܸĬˡ
ĸ߸˰ң˵һεľ, ڶҲͺܼ, Ҫð¸˹·ϾղŶ̶ʱѹûۡ

¸˹ûбʹ·ǽҪ, δ·ô󻨴ѹͷɲ
˵ҲΪʲôüȥʱ, ƺСֻһſڵϲ, Ŵǻ֪¸˹Σա

гԵڵ, ¸˹ܺ˵æָ·Ҳæָ·ˡ
ԭĻΪɽڱȽϽĵطϾ¸˹ŷҲͷһӵ, ǵȴǷɵʱ򣬽ľͿСʱ
ģ

ѹ֮ǰ۾ж죿ǲǻҪԼû£Ȼٸ߿շ, ûзʩҪ

ǸСǰϵͳģҵʱϵͳСС, ɰƴֱϵͳ, ûռֿռ䡣
ڵڶסʱ򣬽һֻ޴ҰֿⲢһ԰жߣҪһˡ
ǵڶεʱͲҪˣ¸˹ԴŽĻȥһˡ

һаú, Ѿ˰۾¼úû˻ŻȻڰ¸˹ע¿ʼ׼ĺóԵġ
׼¸˹ģǰܻӭġըƬ

йҲͣȻըƬеͣûϵҲѵõĿð¸˹ܵʳˡ
֮ǰӵʱ򣬽ǻʮǲһֻһ꣬Խ֮ǰֵЩҲһѣڵ׼ʣµĶʰһȥǿŲ

ըƬʵҲѣҪҪǵըʱºʱ䣬ǰгɱƬȻϹͣо²˾ͰƬŽȥըһ顣
ʱˣͰѰƷƬӹó˳ĵ档
ͬʱڶƬҲȥӻûС˵㡣

Ƭ֮٣ʵҲ࣬ĻʮӰƬը˵һ飬Ȼֵһ£ը˵ڶ顣
ըƬʱ򣬻һζ߲֪ʲôʱһˣƬкľȡ

ˡ˵Σ̳֮ҲһΣһڣִƬըһζεķպã̲
ˣֻһƬʣһӶ¸˹ˡ
¸˹һؽӹӣһƬƬУ۾΢ɲĵԲһ㡣

⡭ʲô
ôô㣬ôóԣ
ǾǧжûԹĺóԵĶôֺóԵģ

¸˹̲סִһ½ģ̲סеͷ
Ȼ۹⣬Ȼһ

Ŀɲ֪¸˹뷨ܿʣµƬըˣԱ۰ͰͿŵСֻҲһд󻨴ҲһȻô󻨴Ƴ˳ȷǿԳ͵ĶŸķָǵġ
ըƬ࣬󲿷ֶ˰¸˹Ķӣȳ꣬¸˹Ǻ˵һ䣺

ǻ
ĿŰ¸˹һӣ̲סһм
¸˹һվͽݣŵʱ˵㣬һ



ɽ¶ȱҪһ㣬ΪɽȺܰȫѵ˯úܳϵʱˡ
ͳԵȳ֮󣬽óʣµļ׼һ£Ȼȥ
Ǹóľ͸оһ˹תȥһǰ¸˹

Ŀ˿¸˹ֵͷ˿¸˹עӵǳ˳飺첻ըƬˣ⼸ҪӣȵһҿԼըƬԸըԡ
¸˹Ƕ㶼⣺㡣
ʧЦп֤ÿһ鶼ѿڣȻСľͷȥȥˡ

غʪҲľҲǺѣҲ͹ԼпҪĵ̣ȷôȥ
ʼпǸԼԵĻʣ߸һϿԷ4-7ѿг43ѿ飬Ҳ˵43ʼеǸһ48ӡ
ʵӻͦġ

һƬĿ˿Լʣµӡ
СײӻоſţҲоЩҪȥģ֮ǰƻʱµƻˣҲ׼ȥԿʮŸңҲͬʱ׼ûӿԶһ

̳淭˷ȷԼҪĶ
һӣʮСӣңһݮӣǱõˮƶӣƶˣҲͶ֮Ķ
Щһ߸ңĻʣʮңڶֿ⻹Զ

ղӴ󲿷ʳһ£ȱ˵߲ˣ룬ձ飬ҲܷͦŵĴײˡ
ײӣĲ֣ͣʼСľͷء

Сľݷɽ룬ѵСľұߵأڻһȦСֻˣҲҪæ
áĻû˵꣬ͿСһצӰһӣֻצӷɿϵܿһ
֮ˡ

ĳĬ˺ðΣص˵СһƬˣﵽǶɫĻľ붼Ҫѳģȴž͡Сľôɣʱ𣿡
ร
СͦСظСһͻܿҲæˡ

ڴ󻨺ʹƣûֻ֪ǲǳȥʳˣϾ⼸ֻԸģĿιôֻ
Сֻ˴ŰСʱͰѽԭ׼һ췭ĵظˣȻǱķµ񣬽ͲСֻĲϣָɽȱԵһСϪȥǱ߸װˮòã
รã

Сֻɾʮ㣬յˣСͷڸĵСӣȻһķӽȥ
ֵǾſСײӣռ˿Сľݵһ䣬Ҳ̫ȻǶʮŴײӣСײԱߣȻӡ

µʱָײ˴һ㣬ſҲռ̫ĵط
Ȼʮ

ʵͦ˼ģҪ£ȻٽٴҶƬ֧Ϊһϣٲʱ
һٵĺҪ̫Ǽľ͸ɴһ
С

Ϊи֮Ŀܶ࣬ŵһջջ񵽲٣СһĲһֱϵͳһӣ̫ķѽˣ֮ҪֿܽСľݣԵһСֻȫӡ
ãԳԡ

ӣСֻˮӽ˵ˮȻñٳĲľסӣ֣ԼΪ̫е۵¶Цݣˣ׼ˡ
ǲʲô

Ϊ׻Ļۣʵõ׼ͽϣ´λԵõ໨۵ķſտҲĵ棬ֻ䶼±ˡ
أ
˵õʱأ




29.  ĵڶʮ죨   

ʳʱ, ֵҲˣʣ¾ǵЩӳˣתͷ¸˹񣺡¸˹, ֪𣿡
ࣿ
¸˹֪Ҫʲô, ѵһ

סˣ··ܹ, һںͱ춯֮ˣҲڴԵʱпĿȻڷ, ǶҲȱ, ȱľ·
ܲԼְɣԼҲû߰
Ҳ֪ܲ·

¸˹ɻ󣺡·
̾һ, ˳Լ·ڣ㿴
һ졣

ģû뵽ԼȻƶһ죬·ûвϡ
¸˹, ҲкԶҪɳǿԶһʱ䡣
֪ǰʱͲȫˡ

Զ¸˹ʵʵ˵
İһһ߰ɣ
¸˹û˵ľ͵Ĭ, 룺ȥأ

԰¸˹ٶȣһ, ҲӦû̫ʱɣ
¸˹ҡͷС
Խͨ壬ȫ޷ǿմС

̾һðɡ
¸˹񿴽ʧ, ڵ죬ֱݣ֮߳ʱһɫ·
һŰ¸˹ŵĺɫ·Ȼʲô

¸˹ûش, һֺ΢Žġ
ģã֪Ӧ·ģ
¸˹ûشֻ˵·ҪҪ

Ȼ¸˹ô·ΪԼ·̫ˣǽ˹
·ǺͰ¸˹·еƵףƳ㣬ǿ΢΢Ȼһ£ൽĵСȡ
һ׻ͦ˧ģȥо

ȵȡ
ϸ˿·Ȼ·ϿĽɫ·΢Ĳ룺·㵽ʲôģ
Ƭ

ʶʣʲô
¸˹˵ۡ
ģ

𰸽û뵽͵ĿԼŵ·Ȼеۣ۲ۣ
¸˹񣺡
ϧжӣޱ飺ǰƬ

Ŷְεİ
һллл㡣
¸˹䵭ӣϺȻһ˾ͷգɹȥ

Ĵ˴ϵͳૣʲôʱϵ磿
Ҳ˵һѣҲָϵͳӦ֪ϵͳȻһ֣źʹýҼɶϵ
а취ϵ

۾һüͷ
źֶҲὨǰ˽һ㣬Ȳ˵֪ʶźǰᣬǰźҲһڰɣ
̲סʣͲܰź𣿡

ϵͳʼװʵҲǸղŻشĵýе⣬ʵ󲿷ʱ䶼ԱֳѹͲشĵĻ
ɰɡ
һܱȷûеĺãܹа취ġ

Ұοɹľڰȫؽɹ̫еȰ¸˹ķΧ˼Ʈɢ
羿ʲôӵģ
յԭļʼֻиʱһСΣܹ֪ľֻзɴԼõĽǹ

ɾԸ߽ģ˺ܾúܾ֮󣬾õ˾޴ԾõҲһ˿ĺۼ
أ
ܻžͺܺˡ

Ļۣůչ˼άǷŻˡ
ֻǡǺ뿴ʱʲôӡ
Ҳ뿴ԭʲôӵˣǲǻźǲδɵԸҲΪʲô



ΪѾȷסϲˣľͽеĴһ¡
дֻɽ⣬мһֻҰ⣬ԼĴԼһС⣬д鹱׵
ڿһ죬ҲһЩ͸˽ģûܾĵС֡

ЩãһɽͺܶҰ⽪Ķûдģѡ˵ڲֿţʣµ׼һ£һ£ϾĲֻֿôЩҲ˷ˡȵȣ¸˹ǾôֻľǲǰûгԱ

ĪСΣ¸˹ʱӣ룬Ҳֻһδ
ǽϸ¸˹ӲͰɡ
Ϊ뷨͵ʱ򣬰¸˹ǰʳ͸࣬һɽȣķ֮һֻӳȫˢ˷ۿ¸˹

ˢ۵ʱ򣬽ĺȻ뵽֮ǰĻ
˵ȥ˴ħŴħ˵İ¸˹ŵķζȻǴҷ˵û¸˹ȷʵȥġ
Һпǳ֮ΪԣŻܹȥ䳲

е顣
ѹԼкȻð飬һȻ뵽˷
ǵģڼԼʲôˡ

ӻҪȥͲ˻ǱһΡ
üģڶȥ

࿾֮󣬽Ĳź˰¸˹һ¸˹ʱ򿴵İŵôණһ£֮һȾ͵ݵǰ
¸˹񣺡ң
ԣЩ϶Ǹġָ⣬Цһ£ȻҾôӦҲԲڼȻУͶһ㡣

ֻСϸ˵Ҳġ
ֻ֮ǰȻû˵ӦԼİ취ȥԱÿλһԣϲ԰ɣ

¸˹ܴĿȣŽֻ־Ŷеֽ˹
֪ĶʳĿصģڡȻһôʳ
̬ȲǾºԶ룬þ΢Ĳ

ˣҳȥһˣҪʱ䣬˲ٳԵڳǱߣ㵽ʱԼȥԡڶһ䡣
¸˹һ
Ļͷ¸˹񣺡øҡ

˶٣ʲôʰ¸˹񣺡취ϵһߵҪһź
Ҫࣿ
ź

źȷʵǾģ֪źʲôǰ¸˹ҲԸ뿪̫ãҲϲƾǿǿߵĸо
룬¸˹˵лᡣ

ǴӦˣ
¸˹ܴӦͺˣĶʱǺ⣬ü䣺лл㡣
¸˹άָ䣺š

ΪǵڶҪͦԶĵطĺ˯ˣڵİ¸˹ȴû˯
ƽ΢ĺ΢ͺһھжС
ɾһС࣬ȴ˲顣

˵ʳȫԱķڳ֮ȴ̲סһֺܾΥıС
ԹԹʲô
̫Զˣǲ̫ˡ

һࡣ
֪ʲô




30.  ĵʮ   Сë

ɽȾڵƬͲ˻ĸСʱ·, ĸչȥһϸϸļһӰɿΧת, ˣȥˣǲ붪·䣿
ܵĪĽģ
üģǸ, Ҳǹģ˸ʵס, 㿴Ұ˲ôᶪ㣿

𣿡ɵĿŽġ
ȫûǹ󣬿, ϿҵͷȻ, ѵƭ𣿡
ð, ǿǷˡȻССɣ뵽ʧȷʵûþˣʵֻû뵽ôȥ

Ϊҵɵķ͸, Դһ˻ΣҷΪ˴ȥ¼𣿡
ԣһȥҼǱס£ô
Ҳ֮뵽, ֪Ǽʱֲôڷ۵ģΪԷһ, ÷ȥɽҲãοɽкܶ໨, ȻʶǶԷָã

Ҫǣ¸˹ϲԷۣпܣĺԸð¸˹ܾԵ
Ȼ֮ǰһһ䳲Ŀ϶, Ȼ֪᲻Ƿһµĺá

ҪҪĿŷЦݲãҹȥоϲŶ
ȥ



ȻˣǽĻû꣬û뿪
ǿķʽҪʲô֪֮˫۷Ұ㣡

һã鷳ˡȷʵ˵Ϥ˭ܱһֱסķϤһƬͲ˻
ڷİ£ĺܿҵҪҵġήͲˣԼѿͲˡ

ǰ¼ͼĶԼֲֲҶ˳ֲ˳ģ¼Ͳ˻Ϣʱȴǡ
ʵûпӵһֶʡ

һνľ벹ͼϵ׶Σ֪ܲܲһ䡣
Ƭν˵¼֮һȻ󿴵ͼȻʼ⣬һ㿨ɤۡ

ôˣ
֮ǰͼ͵ôڻᷢ⣿
ãȻУͿͼӣȻԶֿ⡣

ӣ
ĸãȻˣûף󼱺ĺιιιôˣû°ɣûɵ˰ɣ
Ļ񣺡û£ˣռһͲǾͻȥɡ

Ұ㣡Խĵ¼ҿɺˣȥסĵЩ¾ͺܻİæ
Ĺк֪ܶ࣬ĵҪ֮󣬷ܿùռ㹻ͲѣĲֿʮӾˡ

ȥﰡԶ𣿡ܺ档
ԶϲġЦһ¡

󻨷ٶȲǷٶҲΪǷг־Բǿ;Ϣ˺üΣ½ĻȥʱѾǰˡ
İϼ죬ǺůٺɫµٺůõϵĻһеɫĹ⡣

⡭ô໨öûмİгֻ˷ܵºҷ衣
˵ϲɡЦЦԼҵطסô໨˰ɣ

ԿԣжԺҵ۶һ룡
Ҳˣá

÷ԼãľͻСľˣ¸˹ԼţҲûȥԼ׼䡣
ӴӲֿóĴ˴֣ʼ䡣

˵һӣƯһСţƵĿţһץסץסһQĶ
ʶ󣬾һ㡭㲻Ҫҡ

ʲô˵
ĻͷŵĶâɢԳӡ
һɫëҲͽǰƹСëëһССĺɫ۾ǿͱӡ

ʲôãȻ
ҡҲǶСëϸϸľѽ
飿ɫе֡

ȻСëȫûвֵԴѽֵصģ
ʲôĺֻܻСһͣͲѶѰᶯ
ϾҲû֡

ֻҪ¼˵ֲҶֳŶֵ֤úͼһģһСë򽾰ͦأ
¼ȥĶ֣ܺͼһģһ

ȻСë񣬽Ļеɻ󣬵뵽ũϵͳ棬ûǿһµġ
ָ˴Сë򣺡ԺҪæˣ𣿡

ûУҪȡ𣿡Сë˲伤
š롭ָԼ°ͣ۾һˣͽɣ

ϲ֣лл~ɫСëϲ佪ĵ






31.  ĵʮһ   һϣ

һӿ, ĸȡ֮󣬽ŵ˿ڴȻſڶӡ
ڶĶ, Сһ, ǽҪʵһ䣬Ȼ, ǹ̶еġ

Ȼһӡ
֮ǰ룬ͼʱͼͼƬ, ֲ״̬, Ȼõ, ѵ֮ûаϵ
һӣӦΪֲ״̬ĸ⽱

ΪũϵͳԽĸ棬Ҳܽĵ, ԽĻ޷ũϵͳҵ𰸵ģ룬ȽһӸˡ
һĶýе, Ȼˡһϣ

ǵģһĶǵ, õֵϣ, ۣͣ꽴е϶УǶֻСݵģƿװĻ϶200ڰװ, ȭͷһСװ
Ͳסడһռ˽ĴһĲֿ⡣
֮ǰֿͲ壬ȻֿﻹŲ¡

ֻǡеˣ
ľũϵͳ̫ˣȱľǵϣȻЩϲ࣬ǽĿĶ˲٣ﶫҲ٣ʡŵãӦܳŵõҵϵʱ
ǡһЩϲ̫š

˳˼

ܿʹӳ˼ʰʰ𣬾ó׼һͳ⡣
õó廨⣬гɷС飬ӣûʼͿͦÿġ

ǽĵĴȷʵе㾧Ө͸ĸоͦÿ
׼ãĿʼ⣬һߣ˸˸

ء㡭ССӽĶߴĴӺзһ򣺡
ǸǸĶ㡣ŵĲǺ⣬Ǳߡ
ܳԣʵ̫ȷܳʲôûͣάǿԻõġ

ֵֹĶˣûͣҲ⡣
ֻǼȻҪˣʹȷ֮ܳʱ䣺ˣҸװһСݰɡ

ллˡСóǸ˺ڴ
ĶʵһͲ˸СͲڽͲóҨһСݹĻ򣺡ҪųԣԵһ£ڻ̡

Ҫȶأſˮɵʡ
͡ӰɡҲȷܳ¶ȶߵʳ
ǶðڶС۾գգ档

ʣ𣿡
򣺡ᡣ
ģ١

Ȼ򣬿ʼСŶЦһ£ĺ⣬ֻǺܿ죬ʼ΢
Ϊʮֿʼһһֱظ
ԭΪǲǷֳʮʮһ⣬һ߷һʮһһʮʱ򣬽ľֻ֪һʮ

͡еЦ
΢΢ҡͷͷ˵ѾһЩų˾ٵһ
õģ˷ܵͷСȻգȻƮȥ

ĿžúЦ΢΢ҡͷ
ҲˣĽװתͿȻˣȻֻǰһˣȻָССϵĵѾûˡ
ģ

ȵȣôСһֻ𣿸ղǺȻ
ãȻ

⣿¸˹֪ʲôʱſڣ۾Ǳ˺ɫ֮ǰ޺ӡ
ɨһעǴ󲿷ּڽϡ
׼ȷ˵ǽĺϡ

ϴȱ˵ϵĺ¸˹ͦϲ潪ĺһֱеæ¸˹Ǹ˵ģҲһֱûʣڿŵĺ⣬ſһ䡣
ǰϴĺȱ˵ϣе㣬Կ˳ֽݸ¸˹񣺡֪û˲ȰѺŵϰɣҶ

¸˹ӹȥ
ʰһµ͵Լ׼Ŀףȫȥ

ǳԷĵطǳ棬һӺӣĶŶʱһϵİ¸˹ϵĺ⣬һӡ
ôˣĽ£Ҳ£ʡ
ϴβһ¸˹˵

ȻһӦζã㳢ĵݸ¸˹ӡ
¸˹һ⣬Ȼ˵Ǹе֡

ãȻ




32.  ĵʮ   ίͰͷ

Ψһһеֵ, ֻˣֵģ
Ϊףֱ˳
¸˹񣺡Ҫ, ҪȽ档

ģ
Ŷ, ԣ, ǰλǱ꣬ǿֲǿľ
ǰ¸˹˼ǣǺǿģһΣ˲

Խ˵, ⷴһ, ͷ֪, ллңǺ°
¸˹ɻ󣺡㲻ǿ
ЩɣӦõ𣿡


֮ǰΪ֪Ĵڣô, ڻǸСëͲˣ
¸˹΢鲻ˬ

ѹû뵽¸˹ᵽǸطȥֻҲز¸˹鲻̫Լµ¸˹ǵ, ЦЦ㲻̫ģҲһͬ, ˺ǵġ

¸˹Ϊͬ顯֣оԽ΢, ŽĿ룬һԲֱӳɽˡ
ģ

ôˣ
ѵղ˵ˣ

ֻ˵С˵ͱ䣬ǲ̫׵ģҲûҪȥ, ϾͰ¸˹ǴԸ˵һҪȥ⵹ΪԼˡ
ڽҪȥһˡ

ǵģҲҪɽһˡ
Ȼʲôȱ˭أοĻȥҿûȻĵϣ֮ǰҵ⣬ǴУ֮ġˣ¸˹᲻᲻ϲˣ˿Ǻġ

һθĳȥǴƣ󻨾ɽСֻһæŽµ
ڷڿ˷ܵһȺ۷ܵɽȵĻѹûʱὪġ

ɽȻãľ࣬ɽ֮ɭ֣˲ܺϱסľҲкܶ࣬Ǻ֮ǰڵĵطһǣ˹ľ֮⣬ȻкܶСֲ꣬һıϹȥһϲǽ

нĵζƷˣĽһСƬҲ׼ȫˣЩ˵׼ȥȻ׼һСĻȥֿ
ˣ֮ǰռҲһ¡
ţڹ˽ͣȻʼһϳģõ

Ȼûгߵ·֦ѾС͹ľֲǴǰߣӲһ·ñŵĽǺЦеж
ȵȣƣȵһ¡ĸڴƺߣȻɫĹӣ۾һϽ˴ƣԼǱ߹ȥ

ȵ˺Ӹϸ˿ӵӣȷˡ
û뵽ξȻҵõ
ĿЦеժһذһСһƤһ

𣬵дŵζ𲻴г㣬˾øóԡ
ƣһԣϲϲָָڵϵ̧ͷơ

Ƶͷһڣһ˫۾˵㡣
ⷴӦýˣóԣ
ͷ

ЦˣãǾͶȥ룬һһûȥְܲɡ
Դ˲佪ģ๵˵Ǹ˵԰ɣﻹкܶأԱ˻ȥС

ͷԣժͷŲֿװ˰ֿͣ£һҲˣ˸Сһֲ꣬Сķŵֿȥ
ܿϧǣҵͽ֮󣬽ľûҵˣߵĵطҲر࣬ʵкܶطûȥ֮ҾУɽϿ϶вҪĶ

ûˣҲˣͽܶණˡ
ϾɣиƬǣӦҲζܲ

һжˣǻȥʱ˵⡣
Ͱ¸˹֪ΪʲôȻ
˵ҲӦãǷ󵥷溦°¸˹񣬶¸˹Ƕŷ󣬶÷󲻸Ҷ

ĺɣ󣬰¸˹ʲô
ĵ¸˹ƿߣһΣˤˣмĿŽģĸãȻˡ
ƫƫ¸˹񲢲׼ͽ˵ҡҡͷ˵ûʲô

͵͵һ۰¸˹ٿһ۽ģֿһ۰¸˹𽥴˻Ȼ
ѹִħȻ֣ȻΪһõط
ҡħеѣ

СʣǸѰɣ԰ɣ
ʳڵʱ򣬷ʵǺġ
ĸ϶Ļظԣѡ

ǡᱣҵĶԲԣСʡ
ģţǲл˵

ŽºͰݵ񣬷һҧ˵˳ħҸϽۿǲҪʱڲҺܱ𣿡





33.  ĵʮ   óԵ

һ˵, ûͣ٣˵ͱۣҲ֪ڵʲô, һŷ
Ȼٿ, ǽҲˣüģ¸˹, 𣿡
¸˹˿Լˣš

ȴеķۣ¸˹ûһצ޶֪, ˡ
Ҳðͷ, ۾һ쿴ŽĺͰ¸˹, 黹Խš
ǲǲܴħ

ĵûǵܰ¸˹һԱߴ, ˵һģ㲻, ʲô㶼ȥ
СĿ˰¸˹һۣ㲻᲻İɣ

ʵʽĻ᲻鷳ڴħǰ, Ծһֵֹ⡣
ҲĵģʧЦûµġ
ˡ

ȷ, Ĳ࿪ʼͰ¸˹̸⣺¸˹񣬷Ŀˣ㲻Ҫ۸˼ҡǻۣҲҪʱģҪҲû̸
¸˹˵

ĳĳԶ, 㲻ҪһԳ̫࣬ܵġ
ۡ¸˹š
ģ

ǿɾͲһˡ

¸˹ԾͶ˷󣬽Ĳ׼Ͱ¸˹ӲӲȻЦһ£˵öҪԷôҾÿóԵġ
óԵģ
¸˹΢΢һ¡

ĻԵģǰ¸˹ģǸһ֮ųôóԵģľʳǲмһ˵ġ
ģǵȻˣڵʱշչûǰǸȣοǴԻ񡣣

˵㿴һƬ˺ܶණҪæֳ֮һܶóԵġ֮ǰƬʵҽ컹ժҿպˣͲ٣ġ

ŽĵĻ¸˹۾ԽԽ䵭ĵͷԡ
еЦ
ʵ֪¸˹Ǿ֮󣬽Ҫ˵ȫ⣬ǲܵġ

ֻǰ¸˹һֱԴǸ̬ȣԽԽ׽ĻҲȥԽչ˵ܵܵĸо
ȫ԰¸˹
ãǽҾ͸µʳ

˵µʳ챾Ҫǰ
гɾȵģƫһƬƬģȻٽȥһ˺ˣһ˳ȥ

֪һֲʽİ¸˹ѾߵˣĹʱ򣬰¸˹ڸŽƮȽĽ£Ǹǰϸ۲һ£ʣǸҵģ
ָŵǰ
ЦУ԰Ǹ׼ģҲһҲܺóԵġ

¸˹ͷһӡ
տʼԵĵȻǰĳǱȽ֣ΪȽϴ󣬽ʵге㷽һƬƬֻһС͹ˡ
𣬽ȻֻһǣҲȣ¸˹һȥ۾

ͬʱҲǿ϶ˣ¸˹ϲġ
֮¸˹˳ȻĽܶҲͦߵģûǰôϲ
ҵһ¸˹ϲԵ߲˺ˮľԺ˿ԶΣҪҪϣͺγͦóˣƫƫȱľͺΣҲһƬĻƸĵһܳͦˡ

еԳˣԼе㻡ȵСӣƵԼѵһСƬɢ
µЩӣѾһЩѿˣ˵ƶʹײˣѾѿ
ٶûýپȣͷˣֵͦġ

ˣ~۵Ȼ𣬽Դ˻ΣҵƮڿе
򣿡
ѽˣֵССһֻرˣëëڷ裺ҿ˵кö԰æֵĶŶúðæֵصģ˻Ҫֵ𣿡

ı˵ûеģǻûڣȻ뵽һ飬ЦЦ㿴𣿡
óģһס
׽ʼɹ˼򵥴ȷǲǿֳס

ӦÿԱϳ
ţͿɹëëһֻϸϸצӣϣðβŵͷԵģ˷ģҿ԰ֳ
Ȼ׿ԣô

ͳһͲѣ㿴ɲ֣
գһڣҲ֪ſͣ͸Сڶһһ½׺ͲѸȥȥֵ

Сëɣۼֿסߣ߻
ԹԸš
Сֻھ͸ʢСһǰæǸо⼸죬Ƕôһطˡ

Ĺʱ򣬻Сһھƨ๶һȽϴʯͷŲʯͷͷľ۾һɿܹŽһ䡪ȫûע⵽ĻСһһסˡ
˺ˣСһɿѹˡ˵סСһĳ򣬿Цá

รСһɻͷ
ƿ򣬽ԺǵˣҲǰæֵصģҪæŶ
̫ССһΪ˿򣬶۳˶ۣò׿򣬻СһǶôСһֻľ棬ΪĵĻˣรõģһģ

Ĳ䣺ܻ׵ġ
Сһ۾ˣԴԽıʾԼһչ˺ãұҪȥֵصʱƨƨ߸ں棬˫ġ

ҲûߣҲ֪ôֵصġ
ȻͿ˱ȽõһĻ

һֻСëƷȥɵ֮մţһӣŷһ㣬ۼĽѾ֮ǰǵطѾһСѿˡ
ֱӷѿˣ
Ķˡ

ֵڶӣһλʱ仹һ㣬һСѿ
µѿҲҪʱ䣬ֱӸʡ˺ܶʱˣ
ľУٶҲԽԽ죬ȵڽӶˣҲеſſˣˡеۡҪϢ

ãúϢڿ򲻹ڿ̣ڿһ󱦱򣬶ҪϢȫ⣬ѡ·ڲڴȥʣҪҪԵʲô
ٳԺòã˸һ㣿ʵҪԷά
ʧЦһһ㣬ϲʲôҲԺ˵Ҹ׼ʳ

ллˣ˵һȻСȥѾ˯ˡ
ǡ
̲סЦһ£ʱ䲻ˣҲ׼ϴȥϢ·ëĸ׼ȥԡңͿ¸˹ſ䣺ȥ




34.  ĵʮ   ɪɪǡ

ķӦװ¸˹˵, ˿·ڲһ˯úɻ󣺡ôˣ
¸˹üͷԵ, һɻŽ, Բ⣺ȥϴ
ŮԻǺں˽صİ

һȥʲô, ǻûʳڣľԼ˹
Ҳǽ򵱳С, ο˯²֪, ڿڴ, ȥϴҲʲôڰ¸˹ܲһ
ܲûнСӺͳϣڿȥ, Żòס

ȵȡԱ𵽵лŮ
ĳ˼һ£뵽ֽŻ϶Ҳѿĳλȿȿ, ԱԱ

ҿһ̽ʡ
¸˹һȻҲĵͷˣá

¸˹Ӧ, 뽫ӿڴͳ, ɴֻǼףֱӸ¸˹ˣҺܿͳ
¸˹񿴽Ľȥˣͷϵס
ֺϤζ¸˹ܿͼֽĹӵζ

졭Ļǰ
ûʲʽһֱҲǿԵġ
ܸͺˡ



Χܿ, һֱڸѰѰĶҲ٣õıУӣݮݫýĸ˵ģҵһСƬˮ
ǼʱˮҲˣûйϵֻҪʮˮѵǺ
ĺܸˣʳˡ

ľ͸ϵˡ
Ϊ˸Ρ

ôãĶԭļһֱʼʱһ㣬ǼʵĳʶûУˡ
֪ֻ֪һ䣬Լ֮ǵ÷䲼ͦġ
һӣһݵˣ˵Ӧò̫Ҳ̫СӦʮʮӡ

ŭģʱˣ㻹Ըϴ𣿡
һϤÿ춼˵ûΪʲôҪϴǵĴң

ģ̫ʧˡ̾һƣȻ㲻ԸϴҲԸͬҸѡ·Űɡ
žţһϡûζļŮɳƵĿ޺кŵίеĽĸͬܡ

֮󣬽뵽ĳ̫ˡ
Ȼûлָļ䣬һСξģʹԭĸԸŵġðɣҲĸԸıš
ֻԭӦвƽбԩԩ

Ҫ취뿪ǲ֪ʲô취뿪ǱţǲҪﵽʲôſߣૣҪҵ˲С
ԣڳ緹֮󣬽һκͰ¸˹˵顣

뿪¸˹񿴲
ĵͷбҪ飬б뿪ɡ
¸˹Ȼ;鲻ǺˣһʱҲԼⲻǴġ

ֻǾĸ߰ûнԼ΢ģϡٵʧֳ侲ĵͷߣһҵ˴ߡ
ڽ֮ǰһҪý㹻ʳ
ҲھͼߣϾûаźãȻһʱˣЦһ£˵Ȱźɡ

Ժ󻹻
¸˹΢ĺ˵㣬䵭һ
룬ʣˣһȥ᲻ᱻ˲ʲô

ܾþӦǼʱֵˡ᲻԰¸˹Ӱ죿ǻΣգ
¸˹ѵ¶һı飺Ҫһȥ
Ĳ˼ͷǲǲȥҲǡ̫ܲϲ

㡣¸˹䵭񲻸ȤʵʲôֻԼ֪ˡ
Ҳûֵطᣬ룺ȿɣعȥǻһȥҲиóԵģٵϺ͸Ӧаɣʱء

Ѿ뵽֮Ӧô¸˹񾲾ţҲûгϣֻǾûĿȥæźˡ
ܿ͵ˡ

¸˹һʱȥԡƵϰߣһʼģ֪ڰ¸˹˵൱һΰĦ裬ҲͲˡ
ڰ¸˹һȥԡƵʱȻоʲô忿

޳ľ̽ͷĿ⴩˴㣬䵽֮ǿ档
ǿһҷɴںУ¸˹ǵԼֶĽͨߣͺһӦ˵ġ

Ǿ͡
¸˹ɢƣӴκȻͳ̫շȥ򸽽еķɴ˻ûԾ˵ЦԶʻһȺ˵Ӫһߺһ߿̣֡

ֱɴ䲻ʼԤԤǰеǷ񹥻Ƿ񹥻
ˣһӵ˾վһֵ֣Ǹ˭Ĺķɴ
ߣȥ˶һѷӿǰ

ְڿסǷɴġˡ֮й㲻ʣȫ⡭ʲôôǺߣ
Ҫ֪Ǻߵ߼߼ǼΪϡٵĵȼ˵һҷɴˣĹһϣҲһܹӮ
Ҫ

һͿǰ޴ģǷɴŴ죬һ׹ۣŷɴɹȻŷɴɹȥ
ûлзɴǷɴΪ׹Ա߾˲򵽵ĺ

ɴϵĺҴֻ֪Ҫʲô
ʵ¸˹빥ģ뵽壬һͷȻЩŪˣҪȺܾã

Ҳǿš
꣬¸˹ŷɴȻתһȴַɴûиϣɫ۾ӿֲãΧۿɼķС
Ǹϴ󡭡иȽϼĿžͷӣսսʣǸֻǲǸȥ˼

ô᣿ôѺദҲǶûȤˡӲ
ǡϴ㿴ǸаСܶҪˡ

п̫ˣһ۾ܿ϶
иˣǿУǿûôǿǿߡ
ҪŹȥСС

㻰ࡣǳ˵ĵѾܳʵļʻ˷ɴǱ߿˿
ϵķֹۣͣǰһ㡣
ǣ

ǰɣ⻹ǸȥΪʲôǸȥѵǡҪǵ
ƫƫھв²ֻͣĵĸȥ




35.  ĵʮ   ܵŵĺǡ

ɴ½, žλھɽȲǺԶĵطȻȻʧɴϵһʱ䶼֪ӦӦóܡ
ܡǱץ˻ҰɣС˵


˵ʵҲ, ôһֻôͺȻˣѵܱˣ
ȵ, ˣ
Ȼһ²⡣

ֲ²ȼһźµ߹ʱ򣬴ﵽ˶塣
Ǹ, ϴ㻹ǵһ𣿡СbȻ˴ʮǰǸš㻹ǵ𣿡

ʮǰţ
ؼõԼ뵽һʲôСbѣǾһƬ
һ, ۾󣺡˵ǡ

Сbͷ
ֿ꣺ô˵, ǡ
Сbпܣ


һ, æ˵Ͻţȥŭ

ǰ¸˹ߵɴʱ, ɴһһϽվž°¸˹˲⡣
ȻЩȫ벻˰¸˹۵, һȫǿһ۵ǣź𣿡

û뵽¸˹ʳĵһ£ûʱش, Ϳ¸˹õɨ
һ飺źź, 㲻Щ᲻
һĺ˳е㺦µĿһ۰¸˹񣬲С˵ǻᡭǷɴȱ˲ϡ

һźС̣ɴҲᱸһźĲϣԾûð
¸˹üͷһµ, һʣֻǶ᣿
һ£һش

ܵΣգһ飺Ȼǿ԰æ֣Ҳǻȱǿȥ
ǻеá
¸˹һ˵š

ʲô
ʣֻĿŰ¸˹뿪ǻĲܡ
ɽΧѰҿõĽڲ֮󿴵˰¸˹˵Ǻܼࣺҵźˡ

ҵˣȻеżûܿͿҵϾ¸˹һ²Բ˵¸˹Ҳ˵˱Ƚѡ
԰¸˹Ը񣬽ĵȻΪ¸˹ڹŪӦѶȡ
ôôҵˣǾǾϲˡ

ĶŰ¸˹¶Цݣ¸˹
ľֵĵͷзɿ컮һ˿ɫʣҪȥ𣿡

ȥô᲻ȥڿͦżġ
ǰ¸˹ʹŽߡ
ΪԶǽĵĽųҲܿ͵ˣɿǴɴ͵һˣģ

Щǲ̫˵㣿
ĵȻֻ˵ĳ࣬ǰְҵ˺񣬾һʼܵİ¸˹ϵûйԣܸܵǵ׺ԡ
һ¿ʵĵһˣʰ¸˹񣺡ģ

ɴǱ¸˹Զģ
ġ¸˹ش

𣿡˼
ѵ´ˣʵЩҲϵˣǿŷɴڵߣͱ¸˹ײˣ
ǻźĺɣҪʲôꣿ

ǻޣ¾Ľ˵ҪǣȻ󱻾һˣһ飬ڽĺǸҲֳ˼ķ׾񣺡ǲҪʲô꣬ǾǡΪ˱λСĶ顣

ɱ֮ҲǶɣ
һֱýĶе㻳Լǲǲ´ˣЩ˲ǴΣҵˣ

飿Ŀ˿ֿ˿¸˹񣬰ŰɣðɣȻǰźʱһһıꡣ
ôˣ޺ź֮ҲͿһЩǡ

Цǿˡ
ЦýĸĪˡ
ٴκɿ˿룬Ű¸˹񣺡аɣȸɴô죿

ǻȱһϣȷһȥòϡϽ˵
ҲУҪǮͺ˵ǮٻǡĲǷ顣
жڽĵĿҲĲҪǮҲʱͽִֻתƻ⣺˹ʹȥöҾͺ͹ҪĲϣǿ

ҪҪ˲ϻǸϽź·
˹Ǹ׼ףЩȴܸߵ꣬ǵĿһ۵ϴ󡭡
ˣǶԵĹ

˵Եģĵ뵽Ǳеҿö
˵䣬ĴӲֿ˳ԵˮҲԵ˳ԣζǿܻܲ
Իģûȥ֮˵Ͼ͸ǴôС̽

мˣ
˼ѯʵȻԸһЩϢ𣿡
Կԡæĵͷ

һɴʵû̫ˣҲͶʮ߸˹ΪһСϴĵضҪ֮⣬ǻʮˣʣ°˹ڵʮ˴Ź˵ҪĲ嵥˷ɴ
ɴжλеϴ󣬻źҲˣĲһɴ˻᲻

ǵģĻǾһȺ̫ˡ
ҪȻǽɽˣ룬ȥˡ
ҪźɽΧɽϣܹҪȥģǻڴ󷽷ǹȥ

ֻǼסôˡ
Դˣл˵ǴֻҪһפˡ
ЦЦ̬ȺºͣãƽʱԵġ

ı˵ԹӦ⸽ҰҲ٣ڴԼ𽥱ãʵҲܹõ㹻ʳ
֪û˵꣬˵гԵģкܶӪ

õٵӪǼʱĺڿƼ
˼ãϻǸǳһ٣ǻӭһɡ

ʲôԵİ
Ŭ¶ܿĵЦݣðҪǰæ𣿡
룺Ǹʲôɿھˡ

ûмɿڰʲôζӪܳԡæ˵
ģ
˵ҲӪôӪǳԣ

ˣǼʱӪ̫ռˣԿʳռࣿȻ֮õԡ
뵽һ֪ˣȸɡ

ɽûкƽ̹·Ҫ˵ȥֻܴɽΧɽ淭ȥ
һ˵ʶڵĽĺöˣٶȵǶܸϣҺɣֻһ㶼Ҵ߽ģֻʵʵںš
ȵɽԱߵɽϣĲָɽȣסĵطҲڸһطסֻҪǾúʣźΧɽϣǿʣɽҲС

ǡ𣿡Сʡ
˵ûӲݵһֲҪȥҪҵӣطǶȥ
˵ʱ򣬽ָһȦСǿѹأʲô䣺Ҽֻ󼦣ֻС̣ԼһȺ۷䣬û²ҪȥǣҲ˵ǲҪ۸ǡ

۷䣿ǹͦõ
ôŵĵڱĴȥֻʱе
Ǽ򵥵Ĵ󼦺СһĴ⻹˵С

Լеˣİһ飬˵æˣ֮úദ
õĻСߵܹԴร
ԣԺһദˡĶŻСһЦ

ܵСչôֻŵĵ
ǴʱСһͻҲչˣ͸Ҷˡ
СһͻСãȻͿСҲԼӮǻܴͬӻϸܵһѹȣǡ԰ֻޣ

ǼʱﱻΪ֣Ҳ˵֡
һûսģļݣ־ͨ
һսǿپޡ

Ϊʵԭ򣬻ᱻΪ֣߼֮ǰͨޣսǿǲǿ̬ǵȵ߼޾ͻһɱ䣬ǿߣޱ֮Ϊޡ
֮ǰΪ޵ľ
ֻҲгΪ޵Ǳʡ﾿ʲôطΪʲôô£

ĿУϻұֳֻŽĺǺЦһ£ǻúദġ
зҴȥ˵
׼ĵôķҲһ㶼ˣģһ㶼ˡ

۳ʲôܽˡ
ǽЩ⣺ǲǳһ㣿
ʵ˵һ㣬뵽ôҲǴԣǸŮӣǸϲŮӣû˵Ů˵ڴǸ֡

뷨һ˵ˣһӦǸˣҲҳǰɣҲҳˣ㿴Ҷǿˣұǿ֮Ҿз䳲ˣʱҷַ۸㡣
һ˵ĺСĳ
ʵޣãлл㡣

ߣ˭ء
ǸŮʿں˵𣿡ɰͰ͵ʽġ
ɻ󣺡ǰ𣿡

ǺЦһ£ŮʿľȽǿɡ
ǽû뵽ģһֱΪΪ˵ԭϣ
Ҳǵ

ԴˣԼ⣺Ͼô۷䣬ӦҲǿɣ㾫ǿǼֻ޼ľӣǻҲܶԻ
˼ЦЦˣûҽܣҽнġ
С㺰ҵ̾СڽһɨҶ࿴ǹ⼸ʹСһˣСĿʼɣȻôҲüǡ

ΪͷˣΪ޽źŻиȽĳƺ˵Ҳýˡ
ĶǵֵûȤ̲˵ǽľûǿЦЦʶˣȿȥ׼ϵʳҿСʱ֮ɣʱҪԼְæһˡ

ʮˣнԼͰ¸˹ʳ治Լһ˰ԲοҲûҪԲ
ľǿ⣬ʵⲻǺܶˣǾ͸ɴȥԡ

ûд¸˹񣬱ϾҸô಻ʶˣҲ᲻ġ
Ǵ󻨺ͻŽĳģзҲԸ¸ˣҲһΣĲ֪Բõβ룬Ҳˡ
ĸ£󻨶û֣ľɴһֻӣ׽ֻʼ

ץʼʱ򣬽Ļеɣ˿󻨺ͻִֻǺĿ˿ʼûȤƿۣһ
Ӵ󻨲ʼԼͬࡣ
ʼʹǵҲ̫ˡ

ʼȻҲˣֻнĵߣëɫģ˵ͦҲͦÿġ
ץʼĸĻҵһѵɴȫȥʼ׼һѡ
ʱȶʳԴҲˡ

ȥĽʰһ£򵥵Ĩһ£ֻʼͽСֻˣֻСֻ滵ˣСֻܸ˵ΧŲʼȥȥˡ
Сʱʱյ׼ʱĵǾˡ
ȿֻӣٿѾһʿˮǸС㣬㻹գ




36.  ĵʮ   ˣ

һ, û취ڵĲֻ֮, Ҳǲ, ǽľñҪԿˣǻĺһ㡣
, һһ˷һľ룬һӣе㲻˼Цһ£Ҳ, ⶼԼ, ̫ܲÿ, ǲġ

㰡һ񣬿СʣЩĿԳ𣿲ûǮ𣿡
, Ƿĳ԰ɡˬһЦôҨһȵݸ˰¸˹ԼҲʢһ, ûˣԼҨ


Щ˵̬ȵýĸ϶ԼĲ², Ӧʳռ࣬ҪǮܳԵЩ˶ûôԹ

˵, ¶ˡ
һȺֻеԹȻʳ˶ǺӪġ
Ҫ˵Ӫʵûʲôã㣬죬ܹӪԾ, ˵Ļ󣬽ʱҲֶӡ

ӪǳԵʳ
ԵʱǶеģȥҨǲŸȥҨˣȻѧŽĺ͵Ӻ

̡ĳһȴ˵ζӪóԶˣ
̵ͷǺܸˣ۾
е̣ǿԴٺȡһ䣬ͿЩһСĵĴ˲źȣҿһܸ˵ӡ

Ҳ̫죬º˾ûһʧЦһƽѻȥ׼õ˳бȽϴ飬ʵǻ῾𣿡
ʵ꣬ľ֪Լǰˡ
ȻǶҡͷŽ׼⣬һ±ơ

ķˣ˭ѧϰһҽô⡣
⡭⻹̸ǣţȷϵʣҪȻʳս̸𣿡
Ȼأķʣôѵһ˿𣿡

ҲܰǽԼԸ⣬ҲҸɵų԰
ԼһСӸڽĲԶľ뿴ŽĿ⡣
Ŀ벻̫Զû˵ʲôȷ⣺Ҫôš

Ľ̵ͦϸͽСﱾܺڽԱߵİ¸˹񣬽Ҳ濪ʼѧʲôʱת⣬ôûпá
һݿĽ˿ݶһԣǿԳҿģҲԽԼ
Ҳ˳

ζ˵ǿȷʵûôóԣĸտ죬ûнĿô㣬Сǿ˵㡣
ǲĵһݣĻǲġ
ϴҸЦݣû뵽ҲܿôóԵ⣬ҲһȻʳˡ

Ȼʳ̫óˣ˻ԣÿ춼ôóԵȻʳԡ
ˡ
ͷ

Ȼʳ󰡣ÿȻʳǾͲǿˣǷҪǷһǮ
һҪԵ㣡
ĬһҲŵѧ⣬˵ĶǣĿֵӣҲеˡ

ȻЩ˲һǺˣǱϾôûпˣܿˣҲĺܸˡ
ǿҲ
Щֻһֻ۱һֻۡ

ζܺãһٿĵ㣬֮һֺԥŽģ˵ʲôֲ˵ӡ
ĵǺĵһ䣺ôˣ

Ǹ˼ԼͷǣԺɲԼץ￾ųԣ
԰ĵͷһ䣺ǼǵҪ׼ϣȻ᲻óԵġ
ǵһЩʡ

Ǹϸ˵˵ЩҪ׼ģ˳ҵӦôˣܿϧĿһ۽ĵĹ
ֻһǿͬɣԣǱûйĳɡ

ǹֶǲֱӸģϾԼҲҪġ
һ飺ǻ취ԼȥģǿԿĹ𣿡
ԡ

ķ£ͽ˵ͬŲ֮ǰǻػһЩ׼Ƕãľֻ֮ܵͬˡ
򡭡ô𣿡ĳɵʡ


һãȻеù֣ɣǲǱŵǵ𣿡

ʲôţʲôǣⲻΪǺطߣǲŲðҲͲµˡ

ĳĬ˰ΣȻԹ⣬ʣʱ𣿿Ժ𣿡
ԣʲô֪ģ

룺Ǳŵǵ𣿡
⡭ʵҲǰɡ
ģǣ

͵͵˰¸˹һۣźͽ˵ǰǣֱŻǵ˶ǱģԱ֮˵취ڹû
ֻ˵ţɣС㣬ѵҲǱŵģǲ԰ƾǣƾһֳӦòᱻŰ

ڵǼ˵һ˲࣬ʱֱҪְҵ
ֻҪܸٺôġ

ԭ᲻Ĳ֪˵һ䣺Ҽǲ̫ˣҸǵʱ򱻾Ͷ׷ɱΪײͷʧȥһּ䡣
⻰õһֵɻõ˽ʵʵ˵Ҳ֪һҵģǱŵĻǱˣԺȥҲˡ

˼ñ˵Ļм
кܶ
ģǲǲϵˣ

ûеһʱش𣬽ȴ϶ԼĲ룺Ȼǲϵˡ
Ȼ³ˣƹˤС㣬ô˱Źѹ򡣡

ظ򣿡
һ۰¸˹С˵϶û˾ģҲ⡭
Լԭ򣬵С˵ʮǰ򱻷֣ʵԴܶ࣬ǻǣӦԴڲˣѵĲŽǡ

ǵ۹Ҫռʱһֻǿޣƾͽ۹ʱһ֧Ӹ˻ȥ֮۹̽أһֱˣ֮û˸ˡ
֪ʲôԭֻ޿Ϊﵱ˼ңûȥطŰʵٳΧһֱڣʱǻ⸽

֪ǾǾһΣһֻµޣ
Ҫ˵ʵȷһֻǲǱ۹ɵһֻ

̲סֿһ۰¸˹
۹ˣֻǳߵޣʵޣֻһֻ࣬Ƿ̫ǿ˶ѡ

˵˵ȥ¸˹֪ǰ¸˹ˣеľҲɫĶ˶ס˵ߣʣⲻڻǣǵǱŻˡ
ǸСĿһ۽ģһ˵Ҳܴģǲһⷢˣ

ʲô⣿
Ŀ˵˲̫ȥǡ

ȥǣȴ䵽Σϣ˿϶ͲǺˣӦǶжˡ
˵˼ȻԽԽɻˣ֪ˣڵ۹Ϣ漸Զ˵˵𣿡

ȻԣʲôʱС˶ңҲԣǴ󲿷ֵҲ֪ġ
ллĺܿĵл֣ллܰﵽСͺá
ǿЦһ£к˰¸˹һ˽Сˡ

֮ǰͣסŲ¸˹񣺡⼸˿ȥʲôˣǵԶǵ㡣
¸˹ȷʵʵǿ̫ˣָᱻƭأ

ʵĻҪʣʮǰǲǰ¸˹õ۹ɢ
Ǽжٹϵأ
ǲǰ¸˹ʲô

Խûˡ
˵֮ͻ˷䣬ڴϵʱĶ뵶͸¶Ϣ

еǱ˷ˣǡʲôˣȫȥĳУ
ԭ򾿾ʲô
ֱкܴĹȱʧҪļ䣬Լһҵ˶벻

ϣź㽨ɡ
֮Ҫ뿪ʱҪæ



ڶ쿪ʼǾæΪЩϤûȥˣΧ̽һ飬ڿԶһĵطʲô
ǶԿܸȤҴ󲿷˶ҲܸȤһԵúܿġ

ÿֵܳԵÿļֳʵ
ֱˡ
˵Ӧóô죬ôͺȻˣڳʱһĲţ򻶿ΧɰɣΪ˵ķѽҿɰѿغ˷ģϻкܶգ




37.  ĵʮ   ͼget̡

ĳý⧲, һƬˣĬĬʣ𣿡
, ַ˷, ԾͽˡȻ
ģ

аɡ
ͼƬҲˣ֮ǰ˷, һ룬ϵͳտʼʱֿԴģӺһݷϡ
ֻǽֵصʱ, ֮ǰҲ֪ʰȥ, ڱ˳, ˣҲͦ˵ġ

ڳһֳû, һȭͷ󣬺ܾȣǿ˺˷, ӹ𣿡
ˡָԴЦе˵һ֪Ҽô, Ȼ
ҡҾһ·ϣϲͺáȥе㺦, ˲佪ĵָǸˡ

̲סЦһ£룺ԺҲ԰ѽ
ֻ÷ϡ顣

ֵֻͼϵЩֻܷһ·ϣһӦҪŶٷϲŲ಻ȣľͲ֪ˡ
ֻҪ÷ϾͺˡָźЩϹ
ġһ, С˵٣󣬲֮Ӧþûзˡ

ϵһ취ġЦЦ˳˸գټŵͼ򣺡һһЩ´οʱҪңòã
áСԴһǵø˵ġ
ԡ

ͼϵͳϵǸҲˣõм֡
ƣм֡
÷Χֱ500ԲηΧ

ϸ˿мֵ˵飬мֻǿܹһʵ
ȻǺö
룬ڵǲ÷м֡

Ǿš
Ľмַŵ˲ֿȻʼ

รȻн𣬽ĻͷһСֻĻС
ʼлСһͻţСǻεģĺʼæˣˣһĽУԼ
ʧЦ룺Ҫһ㣬ˣըԡ

รгԵģ
С˲ͼһצ޶ȥɣԼҲסˡ
ģ

ȿСצ̧ʱ򣬽һ㶼ȣҲһ㶼⣬εķС㣬Ҹôڡ
ûСһеΣ֮ʵʵŽ˵ģڽĵעСĽȥ

ڶҲǻСûһƤûʲô¶
Ĺһ£ܰˣѧĺܿ죬һͺˡ

СֱͦһţСˡ
СѾҲʼڵû˵ͦ࣬ĺͻСһͦʱŰȫڳ
һǻСڵʱǲСĲ䵽ˣϾСצӺܷǰҲûҪĻеˡ

ֻСĻİѲŵ棬һ㽪һۿԿȫǺõġ
ģ
ϵļװûпԣֻǽʼݴͲ䵽˳Щ䵽˵ľͽԵɣллСҡ

䵽˵ĶԳԣ
СƮСȻûпһСͷˣȰЩˣȻȥʼ
ˣ㿴ʼоô

ҲǺȻʵģСû۵һ֮󣬻СķӦҲֱףãȻ
ãȻĿŽģ̫׽˵ʲô
ģɱǡ

СรǺʲôϵ
֮ǰֻԼ²⣬ھȷЩ̶ȲͬģȻڽĿǼǻѾǲͬˡ
Խĵʳ׹Ȼˣ

ĺܸˣŵֿȥ˲ʼǱߡ
ʼΧţһֻֻŵøһ̫ҶĹȥʱ򣬿һѵڱ

Щʼ֮ǰץʱעģҲ˵ЩʼץʵǷرǿҪ˵ʹȫܱȡ
ǾߴСҪȦҪǵĳһ¡

룬ͳذڣֻװĲʼĳϵëһء
ֻҪû˵ͼˡ
ȷſ֮󣬽Ŀ˿Χһ£ȥ˵

ҪһΧʲôΧãȻ
Ľһ£ҪǣǻɻܣһΧֹˡ

һ׷ֲ𣿡ʡ
ģ
ʵҲ

ᣬڻʽʼź㶫ҲǿԵġ˵ЩǻǴ˵ģ㲻õġ
֮ǰûöٶпռ𣿡ĺȻʡ
ͷǰ

ѹ֡
ʣڿռߺռ𣿡
һ״СڵĺռٺһЦԽԽ󡣡

ҲûǵǶģֻ˵Ǿ鷳ˡ
鷳鷳Ҫһģʡ
šıȻһ£һֱʮҵİɡ

СһڴӦ
Ҳ˵㣬ʼҲһ£ἦȼǺö
ĵطǾɽϾˣֱʮ׵ԲһƬأҲ̫СҲ̫󣬸ոպõӡ

ԺҪģҲô൱ڰֵ㶫棬ǳԡ
ţѾһּƻ˵ӾͿֿ֪ԷӺǻڶģȻ˾ͻˡ

˿֪ʲôĵ˴֣СʣǸС㣬ǸǿɲԶժ԰ǸͦóԵġ
ԡֱӵͷǿԣֲͿˡ
áܸˡ

룺ҪʳʱûСһȥ
ʳ
Ȼ֪ǳʲôǵŽһǺóԵģ߸˵ĵͷãллС㡣

ĵǾԼ̫ˣֻǼȻҪõǰæºһ㣬ο֮Ҫõǰæʱ
ڴùϵá
ٿ죬ȷֺˣǾͲˡİСֻͷ˵

Сֻز䣬ҽܽĵͶι

СֻȥľͿʼ
Щ仵ʮŸһѡϴɾţȻϣĻ˲񣬻ø˵㣬ĵ˺ܶͽȥԼ͵Ĵʱȥռһ
եʹš

СͣзɿһƤȻгɴСȵ״׼õ棬Ȼڶ
²ˣĲŽȥ
ƬһΪը鷳Ҳը顣

ţЩ̫ˣըȣǿըźͼ׻
Ժţк˰˸ʣµ׼ƬƬ
֮ǰ˵㷬ѽʱӦûûȫãеһҲˮԣҲˬڡ

ը̳ըһΡ
һֱظֶʮŸ˵ըˣĻըʮըĴ󲿷ַŵһͰõͲ棬һЩСͲҲһ֡

ըʳƷζǺܰԵģڲԶŲʼĻСͼˣǵƬζھͺҪŲʼצӾڵ١
ôҲ֪ԵǲǷ٣ˡ
һζˣ꾫µ䵭ȴŽߵĴͲ

ıЦ˸ƬСͲȳԵ㣿Ҿ׼
¸˹ӹڽԱƵĳԣƬʱ򷢳΢ǲ

ȫը꣬һһŶʮֱͲװһͲƬֱʮҵͲװһ˸ӣȻ˻͹ȥ
ڻСʹһݵȻҲ׼˵ġ
ԼһݽͰ¸˹ķʣµľ׼¸˹ˡ

ʱΪʵûб͵ԵƬҲ͵˵
֪ըʳƷζǺܰԵģĽӴ򿪣޵ζһ˲ɢԵ˱꣬ĽɫƬҲ¶ǰ

ͬʱ䣬һʿˮ
⡭ʲô㰡




38.  ĵʮ   źget

ӦǳԵİɣСųɵʿˮ, ۼ⣺иľƬ
ľƬóһݺûҵֽõƷдƬ, Լǿֱӳ, ԡ
лǼʱһͨԣȻĻҪȥѧˡ

ôԵζĹȻǳԵP an Pa n
ȷǳԵ֮, ǾͲһһС
Ƭ࣬滹ŵۣڸвͬ, ͬǶóԡ

һƬƬߵһ֮, ЩԼ뷨һ, ʼɿûûء
׼Ķֻô࣬ʮֿ֮ºܿûˣͲ, ̧ͷΧֵܡ

Χˣ
߾ۼһϡ
Ǹе㺩Ĵ󺺣գգ, ȻԺݲĿٰԼϽɽɡ

û˷Ӧ
⽪С֪ôóԵôİиСܸп̫ó˰ɡûԹ񫡣
Ҳĵһ޶ԣôԼҲװ, С㣿

һǾСǣһҲڰοԼ
ô˺óԵĻǵǰɣȻҲֻܳ, Ǳ˻ûأ´Ҳ˺óԵĻǵķݣǾͻٳɶǰɣ

ҲľýԵӦͦ鷳ģȻ⿴ҲǸС˰֮ǰףʱ׼Ŀͷܶࡣ
ߡΪʳ٣
һ񣬻ع֣Ͻ¶, нСķֶϽŪá

С̲ܶסӿٶȡ
СôãҲ˷־кóԵģźһЩԵģ
ǰֻӪãڳ˼ٺõģӪˡ

Ļ֪ԼӰ죬ڻһһǳ֮󣬽ľֺһȥѻĵˡ
ĵô࣬ǲ˷ˣûǾ͸ӦöֵأھԸ㻹кܴһֵľء

ǵڽЩ˵ǳȥҶֻͻˣһʱ򡭡ɴҲһң
桤ƶģ

ģһ㶼֪Լжƶ
ڶˣǱһ׼ˣ˵ģ죬Ǿܰæһͨģź
ýеˣͬʱҲе⡣

û뵽źʱ̣ȥöʱ䳤˵㡣
һˣϾͶһǷ˵㡣

ȻʵڵЩɽסһʱ˻ãǳԹҲ֪жóԣļ̫˽龭úƻƵ裺ܲǰѶˣѾûˣԾ붾ˣ

ǻɹ̼˵ԼѧľȥҨһ룬
һãȻ
һСȸߵģͲкסԼ͵ӣż±ƣϴǸʲô⻹֪ʲôˣ

ѵ
Ȼ仰Сȸǲ˵ġ

Լ̲˵һӸɴ
Сȸߣ
ϴҪʲô

Сȸ߰뷨ûȫӳȻͽסˡ
⡭ʲôζôӪȫһáúóԣ

Сȸߵɴ˫ۣһ𾪹ͷӣõ̲ס˸ۣ֪˰ɣᶾġ
⡭ôóԣҲˡСȸ߱ĳôһ䡣
̲סһ޶ţģСóԵĻأ

Сȸѱ䡯ڣҹͿʼˣһȺҲԼ֪ӦǳԵġ
СľˣΧľͷҲкܶ࣬Ժܿ죬Щ˶һ룬ſʼֵֶֶĺ
ûпճ˵һ仰ˡ

Ŀǵ˶ֱ࣬Ӹ׼˳һݣһ˺һûġ
ҲΪ˶࣬ĲŲǰһۻᡣ
ʵʵ˳˳ź֮ǰҲǲףһ¡

ʱһζ
죬ǿһźôģʮ˻ʱ䣬δƼİʵǺˣԴˣŹͽĽһͨ

ΪֻͰ¸˹ԿǵǿܲάޣҲɣkenܣdingҲ˰æάޣڽʱ׼̡ܶ
ҳ֮⣬ǻĻһܳ򣬿΢޸֣Ծͻһ㡣

ⶼΪ˽ĿǣĵȻҲ֪
źˣҲ͸Źȥ˿
ǼʱźִĲ̫һҪеһֻϳŵƶ䣬Ҷ

źҲǺܸߣҲʮ׵ӣչ˵ģźѾԸǷԲһٹλãֻǸľûˡ
ԼźʵûмΪȻźɾʼ˵޷źӵźţϾƫƧѹûпͨӡ

ϵͳ˰ɣ
ĬĬһ䣬ϵͳ϶𸴣ǣַŵźϡ

ˣһ취ȥϢɣҲȥһЩĵϲ٣Ҳþٰллǵİæ˵
ʵǺ￴ŵġ
ͶЩƼܸȤ潪ʲô취ӵԶԶط

ǿĺǿţֻһԥʱ䣬ͱ̸ˡ
ϴߡ
û˵꣬ͱ̸סˣЦȥˣϵĵϡǲǽСæ

΢΢ͷ
ˡ
ȻҲһֱڿ⣬ĵʵǲ࣬Ҿǵϵ֣ܾҲûнĺóԣڵ֪Ļᶯ֣̿ɸˡ

ȵˣĵǿ˰¸˹Ավţûð¸˹ߣͰ¸˹˵ܶԷ֪˴룬һ㡣
ַźϣϵͳĻϳһʮӵĵʱһʼǷ֪Ʈ˰¸˹ϣֻһƮȥľͷһ㲻ˣ¸˹ɫôеѿ

¡¸˹䵭֡
û£
ĺɵĿŰ¸˹񣬵ǰ¸˹ǰޱӣѹͿʲôԣֻѹɻ󣬽߸˻

ʱһһȥʮڹȥˣĿŵʱ㣬źһġƶ䡯ʼת۾һͷϵͳ塣
ʱϵͳѾһźŸı־ǽķ˷źŸ񡭡ûжã

ûϵ档
Ļһԭ֮ǰĶȷԼûп֮ĶڣеԭЩʱҲûпԭкϵ
ȱҪһ

ǵȵǴʱ򣬾͵֪˽ĻҪһͨѶ
ֻͨѶǵȻСһ㶼⽪ûͨѶŻǵͨѶǲģֱ˸õĸġ

ʱ󲿷ֵõĶͨѶֻֻһָ֮ԶСָֻõĶǲģֱþ֤Ϳˡ
֤
ļˣ˵ǿǡôã

ڽĿһеõĶ
˵ǿˣáеΪѡ
֮ǰ˵۾𣿽̽ȫעֻһ룬롭

ڵ̶ֵʱֻ΢ɲһ£ǰͳһĻջغɵߣ˵ֻ˽ģʽ˾ͿĻϵˡ
Ҳ˵ǻῴĻ
ĵͷлл

֪̾ԼĲ²ûдˣӽ֮ǰ˵ԼһЩֹܲһЩЩʶˣ
͵ûйϵ
֪ЩǲҪʱҲֻźһЦȻźˣôСҲԺϵˣ롭ҪȻǻһϵʽСҪǰæֻҪûҪʱǶ㡣

Ȼ飬һǵǽĳԵģһ̽ˡ
ĿԱ֤˳ô򸽽ܾûκΣˡ
á





39.  ĵʮ   С

ĺ͵ǽͨѶšȻ, Ҳûǰ¸˹ġ
ͨѶõϵʱͨѶ
鲼ֻҪ϶, Ϣܶ, ʵǿþȥģþ, ǵͨѶô˵ǵڶ硣

̣, ɫȵӦоС
ֻҪȥ, ˾ΪǿĿԿֱֻӽȥ֮, ǾҪõ֡
źĵľûﵽޡ

ǽҲʲôȴҳ˽ʱҲá
ο, ҪȥľǡԼ

ִˡġֿʼıΪôѳϢһϢûС
ĳ˼һ˲, ˸ҡ
ҲûһϢ

ô£
ɻ󣬿Աߵĵ۰ͰͿ, ȻҲ֪̲ǿͨѶ, ǿĵ϶ѡ
ҡҡͷ룺ҪͳԻɡ

ʹһ£񡭡ȻʳһֳԷ
ǺСڡ
ǺŬżӡ󣬺ʱһ䡣

ǵáʱǲ̫óԡ
ǽС㶯֣ӦôҲûİɣ

̵һβ̫ȷ
ĵͷɣҲ٣ȥժ, ס
ʵýľģΪЩ˴Ӧȥĵ϶ˣеҪǷĩҪҺ塣

ĶһСԹȥŴŸ˸ǩ
һַĩһҺ飬ҪҪĺþöûЩˣȻտ˵Ǻ嵭ζȱʧôãĺܲˡ

ǵ˿ûôԹ̫ĶĻûеر
Ϊ࣬Ҳúܼ򵥣ը˻ŵ⣬ȻŽȥн⣬һЩúǰ˽ǻĵϽȥ
һ̽ĳ˳ζ

ҶֵסһĹףһʮΧſ϶óԡ
ý۳ˣ˵ģ̾ͶŹȥֹȥˡ
Ҫһһ߳ԣ׼˵ƬŽȥСײҲ׼˵㣬Сײ˲࣬ȴպϳһ£Ǿʲôֱ̽ȥбһ㣬ܿ죬Ҫһ㡭

ļ򵥸˵һЩʳҪʱ䣬ʣµľ׼ԼȥˣϾÿ˵Ŀζһ
ǡˣĻ׵ζ̲סһȻǺ硣

ˣڹ˵ر࣬ǿԳһ䣺ܳĿԸңҸǵѹ
ȫܳġӦҲǺܶɣ

ȺȻһ˵һסԼȷ磺̺̣
ԭղųŽ˵ʱֱһƬŽȥӦ˾ֱ͡
ֻǱˣҲ᲻ðƬ³ͣе飬еۡǲƤˣ

ģǸɣûʲô£ǾΪģûӰ죬ֻ̫˾ͱˡ
˵ʱѾ˸˿ˣûʲôģӦòǱ̺ˡ
˻˲ͣԱߵ˶еˣô𣿡

˵ôѳ𣿵ǿԱߣҲû˼˵ڡ
һԡ˻㣬۾ôôóأ
Աߵˣ

СӲǹҲܵɣ 
һƬ⣬Ȼ̺˾͸Ͻرܵӡ
⻹ģ

֪û֮󣬽ҲʼʳĽȥȸ¸˹һԵģԿϲϲܳҾ͸㻻ġ
¸˹ӹȥƬ͡
Ȼɫе֣Ƭû³۾

ǽľ֪¸˹ͦϲˡ
ó԰ɣķĽԱ׼˺͸Ƭ˽ȥͰ¸˹һ˵㣬ο¸˹ֱ˵ԼƫãҲͰԼƽʱ۲ĸˡ

¸˹ҪǳԻ˵ģǽ룬ǸСײˣ𣿻߲˺һ㳴Ĳ̫һҲϲ
¸˹񶨶ŽĿϵСײˣˡ
ЦеĿŰ¸˹ҧһСײˣڴʣô

ԡ¸˹ͷ
ü䡣
֪֮ԥ¸˹˸Сײˡ

ȿȿȣȻ¸˹ʳԣǳԵ߲ûл
Ͷι֣ܿǱߵҲԵĺ֣ܿڽûע⵽ʱ뿪ֻ˺⡣

ǼʱʳȷʵûôʢҲûôձ飬һǾԲϾġơ
ԽǵѪԽϲܰȫȾƵʱ䲻࣬Ǿ͸ϲܰȫȾƵʱ

ڣǿռĵطǷһ㡣
̻žƴ뽪ĺͰ¸˹ȡ
ĶԾƿпޣղҲ˸ͲҪһ㣬ǵ̺ˬֱӸƿƿӻִƿģһô

ĺһڡ
ǵľƻӦͦߣҲΪͦߣǺˡ
ǰȻԺȾˣ˲СľҲΪżҪϾʱҪþ¡

ⱲӦûкȹƣûкȹҾƣһھƵĲˡ
Ŀûǣǰ¸˹ע⵽ˡ
Ҫȵ𣿡ΪԺ;ƣմȾ˱죬¸˹ϵı죬Ȼеִһ

𣿡Ļ˻Ͳеźζԡ
ȼھӦˡ
ҪͲջľ͸оͲͣסˣһ¸˹ͲһӦǱ߻С

û˵꣬¸˹ͳͲһںȥ
ģ
Ҳ֪ǲǾƾеͷԽ˼֣죺СӾȻͲûϵһС

óһͲֵ˵ơ
ûҪ˼ӦһºȾƣҵһҲ㹻ŹһԼˡ

ڵڵʱ򣬽ǲ׼ġ
Ǳ߰¸˹ͱȽĿˣȾƺܿ죬ҲͷĲǸвˣȾƣθãԵˡ

ҾǱѾֺģĿǱߵһȺˣһ˿Цͻ
ֵʱ򡭡þöûˡ



ҾƶԽĻеãڶʱеΣ˰ԼĶͷӷ˳ȥ
ϴˣĿ˿ԼĲֿ⡣
Ѿûˣ춼ָǳˣɽ׼ժţ·ɽµʱȴûпˡ

ֻһĺۼ
أ
һ²Ǻ֮£ͺ˵һʹҴ뿪ˡ

ʱҲмˣֻǶ˼䣬û롣
ڻһ¡Ǻʲô飿

Ҳûˣѹ뷨ժͻȥ˼򵥵緹
ֻǽⷹˣ¸˹ûҲƽʱӡ
¸˹񣿡ߵ¸˹ſڣ̽÷š

û
С£¸˹𣿡˵˺滹ûзӦֹѵܳȥˣ
ѵ

Ȼ𣬺ײʲô
ĺȻ𣬺ƺͺ˰Ͳƣʣµġ¸˹ˣ
𣿻˵

˦ֵֹĲ룬ҲûȥֱӺһ¸˹ҽˣ
˵ֱ꣬Žȥˡ
л¸˹ϲŵϰߣý˳ţ¸˹أ

ĵһϿǴûа¸˹Ӱɻ󣬾ұתͷȥסˡ
źɫСװСӣͷٰ۾£һ˫ɫ۾ԴϻɫСǽǵС˭





40.  ĵʮ   ¸˹Сˣ

ľԼܳ˻þ, ǰ¸˹һ磬۾һ¸˹С𣿡
˵ʲôͷС, һĿŽģ, 㲻ʶˣ

һ󳤾óĬ
ļѵͷǸͷС¸˹񣿡
šС, һȻϲң̫ˡ

Ľģ
ǣ˭뵽ôõͺȻˣ
㵽ôˣôȻСˣ̽ʡ

ǳİ¸˹϶ش, ǱСİ¸˹Ͳһ, ˿֪죺ǰͷ͵Ϯ, ҲŻˣ˯ҪСˣҲ, ΰľϵҲϾҪˣοǱСˣһǿԱӻģ

Ĵص, ĵʣû𣿡
û¡¸˹ԼС֣Ʋʵ۰Ͱ͵ʣҶ, 緹𣿡

ѾˡĶˣϾ¸˹ȻС»Ǹܴ, ʰ飺棬԰ɡ
ã¸˹С˲

ǵȵϣ¸˹һ⡪̫ˣϲȥ
ҲǸ¸˹װһ뿾⣬һŷֵģ¸˹ֻСȥ, һֱϣĸҪ˵æͿС¸˹Ĺĵһȭʯϡ
Ȼ󡭡ʯʾˡ

ģ
̧ͷͽĶӵİ¸˹񣺡
¸˹ıܿ۾С죺ҵġ

ǡĵǲô棬֮ǰİ¸˹񼸺ǸԱնͯԱ˵ƽʱҲ١
ǱС˵İ¸˹񡭡ҲԼֱףֱ׵˾ÿɰ̲סСķҲ˳ŷһ£ľջ֣СûüһµĿŽġ

̫ɰˡ
ԽͣһС¸˹Ҹ£ֱӽϣ׼ˣһ˸Ȼݱˮ㻹ʲô𣿡
ƬΪҪС¸˹˲䱻תע

óһƬԼҲڰ¸˹Ա£Ű¸˹С˿ӣȻ󡭡ȥ
ˣȥһ˵ž˸ӹ
Ǹӣ¸˹֮ץЭ֮ԥ룬Ǿӡ

ڷС¸˹Ӷò֮󣬽ĸɴذ׸С¸˹С׼һ룬Լſʼԡ
ĳԷٶȺܿ죬֮󣬿ʼרͶιС¸˹
¸˹ǱСˣǺûСĿŰ¸˹ϵȫ꣬Ŷ۰Ͱ͵ĿûԱ

ﱩؿڣó׼Ŀ⣺ﻹУҸС
áС¸˹۾һ¶ЦĻһѡ
ʲô˼Сɰ

ĵشָ˶ڸС¸˹꿾֮󣬿ԵùĹĵӣĻûסָӴһ¡
С¸˹һ
ȿȣճˡĺƣС¸˹һڿ⣬Ļɣģ

ġһֱ˵Ҳû˵ʲôճˣճҲճϰɣ
С¸˹ɻ
ǿѾ󲿷עҽĻܿóһСǸ׼ģ˲ͼǲˡ

С¸˹ͣˣҲܰһ£ȻһԼĴ֡
Ա𣿡С¸˹
С¸˹ʵҡͷûУǿԲˡ

ģ
ʵС¸˹ûԱҲǺܾȣΪСˣС¸˹ССʳӦҲСɣ

ǾҲ޷˵С¸˹ԵĻϾԽԽܾﶬҪˣҪһЩʳ
̾һС¸˹ͷһᾡȥһЩҲᾡ׼ʳ¸Եġ
ᾡԱһ㡣

С¸˹ڰ׷۾Žģãιҡ
СԴˣȻ˾ȥϢɣҲе£Ȼȥԡ

ŶС¸˹Ҳͷˣô˵۾ȥ˯ȥˡ
ֻǽ뵽С¸˹֮ǰӶϵӣĬĬŽ˷䣬һߵС¸˹棬ľͷ˵㲻ˡ

·ôڻΣƨɺһ㣿
ƣ䵽С¸˹ͷϵǣٻ䣬ðһ롣
ģǾ͸ɰˡ

ȿȿȡĿ˼ǿԼƿۣƮһ£ҶϻͷС˫ۡ
ҽСɡ
ģǿ㡣

С׽ĵ˼ˣһȻһеֵС
ȻС֣ҲɽСС˴ϣС°ͺһˣԼ
šĹƣ

Сˡ
С£ҲǺˣĲ߳ȥ
˵£¡

֮ǰû޷ӴϢԭļҲû¸ࡣ
ͨѶˣľ͸ϽͨѶѯԼѯĶˡ



磬ĶͨѶʱһЩʶ󲿷ˡ
ȷʵǼʣԷչƼΪΪ
ǼʱĻࡣ

൱սǼʵʱ򣬺ͨҲ٣һЩǻĶмΪĿԷ档
֮ʵǿܶ࣬ĳһ棬ǷһرǿȮȸӦȵȡ

ʵһֱͦİ¸˹ģǿ϶һֱģϾͰ¸˹ദôˣҲ޷ð¸˹һ˴
ᵣġ
¸˹һ뿪ȷǶ԰¸˹ǰȫġ

һİĹҿܻǴΣա
¸˹أ
ȻǴ֪¸˹ǾЩ˲һ˲֪

ﳣǰ¸˹Ͳᱻڹעˡ
Ȼ¸˹ʵ϶ǻᱻעģΣԵͶˡ

ţ̲סһ
쿴㹻ˣĸоԼ涼Щ׼ȥԷһ¡
ʵǿΧȽǿĶﶼǸץˣȥץĹ̵ͦ˳ģһץͦ࣬ץ٣͸СӲͶ١

Ϊ˳΢Զ˵㡣
΢紵ĽŵѪζһ£Ǳߡ

ɭУȻܾ˲ҲеģҲֻ֮·ˣڴСͷ֣Щ򲻹ϻǿܵġ
ܼ©ʡ¶ˡ
뷨Ĳ˳ѪζƮķȥһа

ûڴֵĴϢҲû
ѵѾˣ
ĽŲĿȥȵ˵طȴ˵ĶǡһѪˣ





41.  ĵʮһ   

ϵſŵ, ǽܿ·ѪմʪˣŵŨѪζǴɢġ
֪ʲô֮󣬽ľͲΪص˻ʲôСȻ, ġġǿ㡪Ե֪ûлŵ˵ʱ, Ĳûȥˡ

֪֪ʵ, ԼǺǿҰ¸˹Ҳ״̬ڿôСһֻ, Ҫ, ˻ȥ
ɾڽ׼ߵʱ, Ǹָ˶Ȼ̧ͷһ˫ɫ, Ź۾ģҡ
㡭

ϸ΢ǽĶùƻ
˲ȣĿֱ, ɵˣľе޷ֱߣ˭Ϊʲô

ſڵϵǸ, ѾѪÿ峤ˣ̧ͷŽ, ʵѾ彪ĵģˣֻԼϳԼǰǸˣ촽˶ҡҵԺ󡭡ġ
Ҫʲôã
˿е죬㲻ּ飬ҲܿأǾ, ܱѣͲһ˰ɣ

һ˲Ļҧ߻ȥҿˡ
˲ұۣҲûǽϷȥҲûаɽļˡ

֮ǰľ;˵˺أֱˣ֪˵жס
ֽŽȫϣСȷԹֻۣѾʣ߹ǶǰкüѪȿãȴ˺ۼ϶˿ڣֻһܻϴ

Ǿʲô飿
ĿŬɴ۾ˣ̾һ̫ˣûаվ㡣
ֻ󣺡Ⱦҡ

ѾҪʧȥʶȴһֱȣ޷ܣðΣ̾һðɣԿͿܲܳŹȥˡ
ôһѪˣ˻ôأûͳѧҽȻŲˣֻóԼֿӪιȥ

˵ǿӪʶʣýʡ˲¡
һ֧Ӫιȥ˺Ҳ˼㣬ֱӻ˹ȥ
˵֦ʹҶӣ򵥴˸˸סˣȻϴŵСͷ֣档

룬ľƬ˼ַȷܿľ뿪ˡ
ⶼ쵽ˣҪȥС¸˹ˡ

ڶʱû컹ϵһ˵ĽһС¸˹緹ͽɭ档
ʵ˵ιҲֻҽǽ쿴˵ӣһ˲
Ϊ˵ĺƽ˺ܶ࣬״̬Ҳ˲٣ûֿһСľͻĸоˡ

Ǽʱôǿ
ıΪͺǿˣ˰

ôţĶ׼ιһ֧Ӫ˳һ塣
Ǹ֣Ϳۣ˵ֱۻһ£ץ

Ĳһ㣬ǽĶÿ죬˵ֲܿƣʶķΪȫûдﵽӦеЧ
ĳĬһ˲źˣˣǻָ𣿡

˶ŽİΣΪһֱûдӽϸо⣬Ҳָ㡭ң
ȻģϳǸӦǰŮˡ
һ˿ˣԼӪ𣿻ι㣿

˵ԼԣղŵĶѾķֻ˵鷳ˡ
˺Ӫ˲٣ϸ˿˵״̬ӦûǺ۵ģ̡
𣿻˵ȵ㣿ȻͦãҲӦҪķѲɣĲ²⡣

˵Ըҡ
ǲܾ˼ˡ
ͳڶ֧֧Ӫ˾ͺ˵

һ֧ӪԹһǵȺ˵˵ʱ򣬽Ѿι֧ˡ
ģ
¸˹ǸθˣѵǸθ

ɫе΢ΪԱˣָһЩ˽һ䣺ֻҪָһ㣬ҷûô󡣡
˼Ľһװû£֪ˣȷԼԻָҲҽֱҲûʲôܾ㣬ֻܸṩԵġ

͹ұˣ˵ģȻĶҾͲԿ˷ƵӣǽĿͷ亹Ҳڲۡ
ܳŹСԺ˵˵Ļָûȥɽȵ˼ٰ¸˹ָ֮ǰǲȥģǿڸҸطˡ

˵㣬ġ˱ࣺҪιҳ˶ǿҲûáοڡȻԿֽϵ̫ˣǻָ˹ܳһʱҲǷˡ
ԣҪıӻ׷档

óȻԼ
Ȼǲġ
һȷʵǽľ֪ԼʲôطֻǶһѣȻˣΣĶͨˡ

ôͷҲʲôΪѵ顣
ĵû뵽˻ô֣ʣҼһ𣿡
ԡ

ĺļǵ˵ƣʱΪ˸ǿȣʱϸ飬˲ϵѾˣǰȭͷѪҲˡ
߹Ƕλ˲٣СȺҲûôĸоˡ
ͽϵһƽȴ˺ۺûжϵơ

˿մȾһЩĶǱϵ˶ϣ˵ˡ˶ͷϵĺ£Ҫ취ҵһЩҩģ˰κá
˼ǣں֮ǰҪңĴۣʡ

˵ǣģҲԿܰĺܶࡣԺ˱жָұʱҲ֮󡣡
˵Ǻгˡ
ȴüģȻ뵽ʲô˴ϵͳܸܲ㱣ϵĶ

ûп׵ıϣǲ׽һȥͲ򵥵˵ġ
ڵܰ¸˹񡪡ǲǰ¸˹Ͽײб̬ǸδӣһŻóȻ

ϵͳεǺܸܿ˻ӦͼʮԿӶģʽӶڹӶڼ޷κηʽκ״̬𺦹Ӷߵ档
ĬĬĴָ
ȻϵͳǰԵ

ڵͼ̶ֱѿСײˣףͲ˻Ŵײ˺ͺټɭҵĶȥʮͼҲǺѡ
ԭľ׼ڶ쵽֮ǰʮͼģں˵ֻǰѡ

ҲϾܺõģ룬ʣ֮ΪһЩҪ뿪һȥܰʲô
һֺĵ֣һһЩǮ֪ٺһʻͧܶסַǡǰ׵취ϵˡ
ˣҿԵıڡ̧ۿŽģ㲻ԸҿԵĴܼң⻹

˵ģǸĹܼѡ
Ψһǲƭ
ƭˣ˵ʵҲóĶֻøһЩʳ

ˣڿ֮󣬽濴ˣȷʵңһҪ˵Ҳֹ㱨𣬵ĳ̫ѲӰҺͬİΣҺܴܲȥҪ֤Ҳʱܲǣҡ
ΪһӦġЦһԣǴӦ𣿡
ǡ



ȻĴӦ˵󣬵ƻ̫ˣȷǿԼԶˣ͸֧Ӫ˳˵֮ǰһˡ
ͬʱһϢӪ࣬˸ֻ֧ʮ֧ˣָ·ĳ̶𣿡
ƽʱԵʲôû뵽ĻôһϢ

Եǿ֮ġһ
ϴ˴ϵʱǸҲҪӪˣֺҲûа취һ㣬ʣûпռ𣿡
Ūˡһ˲뵽ʲô飬ܿתƻ⣺ʲôҾܳʲôõġʱȻȫָȺ߹ǿԻָ˵ġ

УɣҸɴ㣬ܳˣӪһһ㱸á





42.  ĵʮ   

, ľ˵Լһ٣оϵ𽥱ãǱס, Խȷʵим
ͬʱ, ҲȷԼڻûظٻҪһʱܻظ
֮ǰͽ˵ʱһ, ѵе棬ǺӣȻž, ʵȴ, Ҫ˵ܹᶯҲӦðɣ

ȵ, ڽĴ󻨣̲ס۾ɴˡ
Ϊ̫ǿʵϴʵ, û˵ʱǹ⿿ʣȫû׾Ϳ֮ɽķΧ
Ǵ󻨺ͽĵʵһ֪ܴ

˵󻨱Ƚǿ̫ࡣ
Ǿ󻨺ǻŽ, ĵĻģ
Ҫ˵ĵж, Żһֻǿ޳

𺳲˵ϸ˵, ô󻨲Ҫ̫ԼϵƤȻŽȥͲôëմȾѪˡ
ʱֳˣڴ󻨱ȫûѹ΢ŵ, ҪӴ󻨱ϹȥǴߵúȣûýм˵Ļᡣ

ȻصɽȣĻû˵ʲôȾˣס
԰תͷɽ˸СľݣʱסǱߣģɽȺܰȫġ

лл˵л˵ʲôǿվڵСľ֮΢һѾ˳ӴȽľݣתͷ˿
ǽĲ˼ЦЦʱֻ̫̣ӣȴպסһ£֮졣

ܺˡЦЦҲɽиӣΪʲôҪסּªӵĻϾҪ˵ʼǲģڻʵ̫ˡ
ϢҵȻ͵ԵĹҸ׼һЩƤĻԸţãҾû֣ܲסĻͺ˵ȿš

áЦʵ˼֡
ΪԼҪˣͽ̸Ҳǰҵû뵽ĻôȫΪǡ
ɱȡĳЩ˺öˡ

ľȥ¸˹ȥˡ
Сİ¸˹˯ʱ࣬ղҲǳŰ¸˹˯ŵʱȥģһ¸˹˯㣬ʱʱչһС첲Сȡ
ɣĻܿС¸˹һɫβͼ⡣

ʵ֪Сβǳʲôţǲ˼ƿС¸˹·
źţɿС¸˹ʱ̲סðһЦɰ
Сİ¸˹Ҳûôʳˣι϶ܳԵ㣬ԼеĶ˿֮⣬Сʳ¸˹ԡ

룬ûʲôͿСŻ˷ܹȻŵ£һ
㣿Сͦõģ
ϸ˿ϵ㣬Ȼͦ󣬵ϺûʲộСɵķʽһ룬гСͺˡ

ǼһССԴ佱
С˲͸Դϲ˲䣬Ĳ䵹ڻţûˤȥ
ΣСѾֻˣҵʱ㡣

ÿһ˷ܾͻԼͣСʱ䣬֮ǰˤˡ
ֻǻСûرͣˤҲǺۣҲûǿӲֹ
С̧ͷ죬תӲมûûվȡ

ƱˣЦҾˣҪô죿
Сรûб˵ģ
ģڷѵʱ䣬߲ںͶ˴ܵʱ˵˵һΣҾͿһʳξͿ١

Сţร
ĲΪѾˣͲģʵʵҴš
Ҫ֮ǰãСǻܿ¸˹ģҲ̫̲סԼֻСеˡ

ûǸҪСһ£ǰҪûˡ
С鲻ɹᶨ˽ĵ뷨
СͷԵĻԼѣĶŻ֣߶ǱǸСסˣƽʱ࿴ŵ㣬ûС۸Ҳעûʲôֵ飬ʱ͵͵ҡ

ͷ
ڴӵǱߵ֪֮󣬽ĶԻʵǷģӦͷȥԵȥˡ
СǸ¸˹׼ģץСǵȻҲʳġ

Ǳߣĸ׼ǵһƻԼһо
ЩȽ嵭Ͳװţ¸˹û͸˹ȥ

ûжӪʱں潪ĳԵʲôģĲ²Ͽһֹ֮ĶӪ࣬˾ͿԱ
ǵĶʱˣǳʦǳʦô䵽ط
Ϊ˲֪ǳʦҲܺ˵оӻ˸ˣֲϣϲϲԣвϲģǲܳԵģ㶼ң´βЩ

˵Լģǵ㣬Լƻ꣬ţ;Լеˡ
лòлȻſָýĸ׼׿ʼԶ
һ㣬һ㣬ǵ϶㡣

󻹳вֱ̫Ͳˡ
ˣٶҲԽԽ죬ܷΧ֮Ѿˡ
ϲԣҲͦ˵ģһ䣺ǱƻԣȳһԣܳٸпܳԣҾʹȥ

áڰԼעתƿǳһƻܺóԡ
ȻӹµһƬ۾һҲܺóԡ
ķˣҸгʺõĴС

лл
ЦЦ㲻øôܰҲֻ㡭
ġ

ôһƺ˵ʵһʼûӦȷӦĻͷһſڿɲͷС¸˹
Щ⣺ôˣ
ҹġС¸˹񻺻ƵϣСüͷ˭

Īֱץ飨ĸоҡҡͷ˦Ī뷨£Ű¸˹˵ҵȻٺ˵òã
áС¸˹𽥾裬ҲӿԵų⣺Ҳϲ

⵹ǽû뵽ġ
¸˹κжķӦվŵǰ¸˹ƻ
С¸˹񣬶С¸˹񻹲֪Ϊʲôչֳ˼Ĳϲε̾һǳȥģȳԶҵȻ㡣

¸˹ĻûӰ죬ֻ΢Цŵͷá
Ȼͷԡ
С¸˹͵͵СûиоӦ

ĴŰ¸˹߳СݣΪ֪Ǽʱ˵ʶˣԶ˵㣬Ŷ濴С¸˹񣺡С£Ĳϲ𣿲ɽȣ
С¸˹񣺡ԣ
̫ˣˣסһϺòãҾȥĽͣϾҴӦϾȥҲûľݳ

С¸˹һ£㲻
ĪʲôסãҿԿŵ㣬㲻ǲϲ𣿡





43.  ĵʮ   

ΪʲôѽС¸˹Ȼʡ
ûΪС¸˹С˾ͷ, ˵龭ܽ᣺Ϊа취޷ӺǣȷʵҪһϤ˰æ, ҲŻῼǽ¡

ŶС¸˹, ڳһģסľݰ, ҲȥǱߡ
á

Ȼ֪С¸˹ôȻͨˣɽܹҪȫǣС¸˹߽ӣǸ, ҵܷܵ, ԺǼס, һͳԵĹһᾡ׼Щ˺֮ǰ, һᾡԹ
лл

ܲ뿪ҲһȻû֮Σ, ǱϾϵ˻ûãǵ, ܹ˵ʱ䡣
Ȼ˳ȥһֱֻŵųԶ, Ҳеܲס

꣬Ͳ꽪ľˣֻһͲˮ֧ӪϺȻˣе㶫ԡ
ԼǴС¸˹Сľˡ
˯ϸóԵġ˳С¸˹Դ

С¸˹Ŭƫͷܽĵ, Լûע⵽죺ߣֻһ˵𣿡
ģȻ
ʶش꣬ĺȻ˲ԣ̲סͷС¸˹ɫе΢һ°£㡭ΪҲŲϲ

С¸˹ɫһ˲̷ϣûС
ش̫췴ýĿ϶ˣɫ΢еЦǿС¸˹ˣŬѹЦ⣬һ֪ˣûУˣϽȥ˯ɣЩóԵСʳֻģġ
С¸˹ܾý˵е֣һʱ䲻֪֣ܾýĺûš

ǽĴ䣬һ£ֻǿûвϲ
ģš

ǵȽ˷䣬С¸˹뵽ǲ˵ĺһֻ뵽ĴӦЩóԵСʳģŸһ㡣
ȻǱĴؼҵˣǲһģ
ǲһģ

Ŀɲ֪С¸˹ô࣬ط֮棬缢ƿ֪ʶȵʱˣ˯ȥ
ڶȺС¸˹ͣ׼õ͹ȥǱߡ

׼࣬ΪûӪϸһ飬ϸ΢˺۶ʧˣȵĹͷ񶼻ָ˲٣վ߼ˡ
ǺһȲԹ۹ϾǱ˵Ӧе

ԼľȣҪ˿ϵˣ˿ڡûôðɣ
ֶΣֻһָƵᣬȫ⣺ھͺˣЩ취ġ
¶Ҳûο֪ϷʲôľǰǰһţȳԶɣһ߳һ߸󡣡

ʵҲô鷳ҶԳԵġǽҭһ¡
ǿǵϾˣ⻰ĬĬó˿⣺ôԳԣҴͦ࣬Բô鷳
áһҧס⣬ȻȻͣסˡ

ģ
ɣôˣǲǲóԣ˵㲻ܳ⣿
ֿ洢Ŀи࣬õһܲǡþԵİɣ

ǡ񣬸ϽҡͷҲ˼ֻΪ̫óˣҸϲ
ĶˣУͳȻܳԿ⣬ȻҸ㿾һġ
ȻҵЩΣȫȫʲôֱӿһȻǿԵģ󣬾ͲԼĸСݡ

ˣȻܳԿ⣬Ҿ͸ˣƽʱ춼е飬⣬һǱֻСҡָŻʶ
ŻЩ죺ھѪ
ģ

ͽĽͣӦĳ޵Ѫ𲽾ѣ˵챳ǵֻҲھѣֻûֻԣҲȷ
ģ
֪ѪʲôͺţƤӡ

û£ǲ˺㡣İڰ֣ӦþɽͳԵģҸԳ棬һȥɽϣʱȥûܹҩõֲ
㻹ҩʦȡ
ģǣֻǶֲȽϸȤǰʶֲѡ

һ˵˻ǣܾѪԺҲܵ߼޵ʵ츳ãԸߡ
ĸп


Ȼͦ˵ģ㳤ġ
ˣȥæˡû˵ȳȥˡ

ҪȥֲжˣȥƬǱߡ
򿴵ΧϷ£ףⲻҪҿŵǸ𣿡
ǰܰҵĻͿ֦𣿡ʡ

ܣ̱֤ҿҵġ
Դţ㡣

һƬ档
ССһֻȥҲˣţ˳ժ˼׼ȥԡ
Ѿʮ֮ˣQļϣˣҵһ仨Ŷǿȥɣ

áӦָ·
˵һ仨ľһ䣬һ仹ǿл˵ĻգȻһͷȴһСѿ
ѿ

ϸһ£Ҳҵˣһ˵Ҳˡ
ʱֲֻΪӱȽѵãҪӹʵڳĵ׼ҸȻµһԿҲһʱ鰡

Ƭ֣Ψ̫ľǶ仨̫ˣԽȷȥƬǿٽСѿ
Сѿȥʱ򣬽ġ
СѿģͼͲ

Ǻǲģͼ˳һֱӴ䡣
һ+1ı䣬ڶ͵Ȼǽң
ڶ15ң23ңʮ˸ҡ

ò˵ʵ̫ˡ
ھָĶЩң԰Ӷɨһ飬ֵľͶ
ǵ˶Ҳ£ֻҪмһǿԵ¶ȵģԵʵ¶ȣҲᶳıˡ

ⲻͦõ
һЩ籡֮ĶȿҩҲԵζ

ĺܺãʹϵͳ̵һϵͳ̵ӣһ£ǿСٶȥ
Ҫǿ̫鷳Ķ뽫ˮȥˡ
к֮ǰµĺ񳤳ˣƹһʱͿԷˡ

Ķĸ߸˴ѡ˼Сһ׼ȥ£һȥСһͻСֻͿʼ˷ܸİæ
ԱһضСǷģ΢һ¾ͺãһֵˣأȥ׼ԵĶԵǴݿ⡣

¸˹ɿ콫ģ
ܳ
¸˹ιָ緹ȥȻ׼С¸˹ȥԡ

˵ģǰС¸˹˵ɽȣôûģǰС¸˹ߵĺá
ڰȫܱ֤ܲ
һγŴ󻨺ʹֻȥ˷

ƺͷǱС¸˹񣬴󻨵Ǻͽһȥ飬ܶͶ١
Ϊ󻨴ǶڣĸɴǴԶ㣬Ȼ׼ȥԡ

С¸˹һμĴԣһ˫ԲģͶŽĵıӰڽҪʧʱʶĸͱ׳ŵóסˡ
С¸˹ˣ֮ǰĶԹԺʹƴһԵʱǲܳġ

Ųᳳء
С¸˹ӣȴûиȥˡ

ԭصŵС¸˹ʱúҹȥô˻ûģƲסĲ˽
֪ôģҲ֪ô۰Ͱ͵ĿŽ뿪ķ˼ҪȥĻʲôӦ


š̫
ҲȲȥˡ





44.  ĵʮ   Ͱ

С¸˹ҪȲȥܹȥҽĵʱ, ĺʹ󻨾ͳС¸˹ҰУС¸˹ĽȻʧˣܵǰ, ϸ᣺ûˡ
, ûˡıͣһС¸˹Դ, ȴĻһĨѪη֣С¸˹ЦЦȻȥһ, ȰЩͻȥˡ

, ͱ˸, ֻȫˣСĵˣ, ֿҲֻֻֻܷǴϻġ
оֿⲻǺܹˡ
ܵҰɣһҪٽˡ

Ŀ˿ԼĽ, ٿ˿ҪĽҡһӱʮҪʮ, ÿͼ䣬ҲҪٵʮͼ
ˡ

𣿡С¸˹ʽġ
룺Ӧûỻط, һԣҪԺܶ࣬ҲҪԺܶ࣬ҪǶ׼㡣
ʲôС¸˹

Ц°£ֻʱҪôԵģȲ, ԺͲóôˣʱԵҲԼ𡣡
šС¸˹ͷйڣǿһ
ЦţԺøһԼԡ

⼸ֻӶȥ΢һ£ִС¸˹˸طԣһֱȿ쵽ˣĲͣ
֮ǰȥõƵòˣȫŵ˲ֿ棺ȥǱ߿ųԣ

˵ǱߣȻС¸˹ϲǹȥˡ
С¸˹ȥģһ뵽ȥȻĻҪͶҪȥͳһСŽĵ½׼ȥ

Ȼͷˣ룬ԺҪסܺˣҴһЩֵҲͦõģ𣿡
⿿һֵأֵ£

ʵǻܴ˹༸ֵܰأԽɡ
õǰæԸġ

ţûСһѽæҧӣߡ
Ĺȥʱ򣬾Ȼڷ·ʱѾ۵ˣѾˡ

С㡣Խº͵Цһ£ע⵽ĿȣֻͣȺ˿ڻûȫˣǰغ󱳵˿ڶѾˡ
Ϳˣıʾû뵽Ȼô졣
ΪûҷһɡЦŽһ䡣

Ǻ¡Ķ֣ãҪ廹ôģԺҾ͸ߣͿԼ
á£ŽһԼм䣬⻹ͦŵһֵĶ

һ˲ܿѧſ⣬Ҳϸ⣬ţҲӹһǺܴĿ⣬ڽĵָ¿ʼ
СһĿ֮⣬Ļȵģһ߿Сһ߿ģ֮ǰ˵óȳš

ѧϰǿã۲ҲȻǰе㲻ãͿˡ
ѧĲˣľͿʼô

ѧģʳҲҲˣģֳ߲֮˵ɡ
һ̣һѧܿѧЩ츳ӦǺܲġ
Ļ˳⣺ܲ˵츳ܺá

ȻΥľøˣһһֺ΢ĳɾ͸С
ָоûˣ

ţԼЦ
ָо治

Ϊѧ˿⣬֮ԵĻ϶ԼģϾԱߵС¸˹ͲϴˣҲûʶȤ
ݵģȻֻӵĻǽĿģһôһݺСǲһģҲϵ˱Ͼûãڻ޷תôһݿ⡣

ԼιС¸˹֮ܿͳԱˣС¸˹Եеãķݶ˻ûԱ
ȥõȫû˵ӦҲǳԵġ˵ţ

С¸˹ҲվߣҲûֻЦЦԼԡ
áЦֿʼ⣬ϲ˿⡣

ǱߺһҲƺˣ͸ɴˣܱľǳˣǳԲģ͵ţڲֿҲ䡣
ôţľȫȥ
ǱԣֻС¸˹ʳ;еᡣ

С¸˹񣬽ľûС¸˹Ա͡Īֿ˼Сĸоɡ

ǿʱֻʣˣʱϵ˹⿴Ǻˡ
ֻҲ˵ˣǿˣһƤ˶ѣ滹ûãҲָֻͨ˵

Ȼ֮󿴵ȥһȭɴӵĽĺܻ׼ͨġ
ֳ˱Ƚĸǿս֮󣬽Ļһ£֣ܰÿǳԳԺȺȣȻ˯֮󻹸ֲˡ

ò˵ֲ˵ʱҲͦģȽǴ˲٣ѧĵģҲѧĺܿ졣
ô˵ɽȻһˣǶԽĵӰҲ󣬳ʼǼ֮⣬ʳָҲͽĵңԼһֻӶԳԺܾá

ļªСľҲĸ½һЩҲһЩ滹ѧŽѬƵ⣬һЩƻ֮ĹӣΪ˶׼
ӺҲƽС¸˹֮ٷһͻͺˡ

Ҳ˵ǳͻֻ˵С¸˹񵥷۸ǲС¸˹Եġ
ͱڡ
ĴһȭͿԹĸС¸˹ŵһֻӣʼȻѪɫȴ˹ĹʵڴһƤ£ţԴֿ

Ҫǽû·Լ˰¸˹ĲƵ·֮ͼ·
ûκҲȫһ

δ֮·һһ͸ɴƤ·ҲֹԼȻһʧ̬ˡ
ˣƤ·ҲҪһʱȥһΪС¸˹ȥԣÿδԻšеǱ

䣿ڽһ̫ȭ֮Ȼʡ
ãȻ䣿ǰɡ
̫Ҳǹ䣬ûë

С̾
䣬ʵۿɼǿ⵽
ҪΪλϣ

ɻҲһ˲ѹȥǽĲ˵ЩҲӦʵġ
Ҳûôչһ֫׼˶վͳȥһˣҵʵ֪ܲԱ

˽˵Ҫģ룺ΪҪԱ֮ﵹе취ǷҪֻʵġ
ʲôĺ档
Խû׵





45.  ĵʮ   ܻ;񺣣

Ҫ˵, ʵûеһʱ뵽ȥ
ǰֻ˵ִ磬ܺǼʱȣȵ, , տʼ綼ûУǿһйػ׵Ķ, ˽һ㡣

һ㣬֪⻹ڿġ
ȣҪԦ, Ҫ㹻õǺ;, ǲ, ׵Ȼûõġ
ΣǺܷǮģҺõĻǮ򵽵ġ
, Ҫѧģǹѧģõѧϰ׵ķʽȥѧУ

϶, ʼû뵽Ҳпԭģ˵, ıе΢ؿ˵ף֪׺ѧ𣿡
лסЦһ£ҵĻ׿ֱӾҲ˵, ֻҪ㾫㹻ǿֻҪܴﵽͱ׼ͿʹãҪѧĲ
ҲûʻףҲˡ

ĺɣþӣΪʲô˵㲻ã
Ϊ˵Ĳֹ֫, ҾҲݽߣһָ˵

ڵ˵ķˣ
ˡƽʱԿɱȽǿˣĹӮ

뵽Ҳֻ˵ҲȷҵľǷ㹻
ģǾҲ˻סЦŰ

ûϻϣֻЦ׵˵ľлİ취𣿻ҪһЩʲô´οһЩ
ҵȻиӸ㡣Ҳƴǡ

ڡĶ˶٣ǱȻȻ͵㵽Ϊֹܲס˼ǵú˵
˵á

ʼͶʵв²⣬ǵ֮󣬽Ĳʵжǿ
˵԰ѽѹŴ
ģ

ˣͣͣͣͣؿҿõʽǾ·ӣ
·ҪǳȴȻʽ̫һǷǲģܶȭĽҲео
ǣСҲǾ·ӣҲе⡣

ǰɡİڰ֣Ҳˡ
⻰˵е֣Ҳûжʣֻ˵û˿Ըҡ
û֮ǰҿÿ𣿡ʣܵס𣿡

ֻʵˣǲ㶼ܲסʧЦһ£СȷʵûǲϻףڵŲס̫ãǵһ˵
Ӧˣá

ȻӦ֮ĵֶһ£Ǻ
˶ʱ򣬽ľͲǵһֱӺ֣ͣȭĴ

С¸˹żԱ߿żûпǽˣС¸˹񶼻ȥϢ
ַΧУķʱ䵽ˣһͶ㲻ߵˡ

ǽԭĺ泤ĺһڽڷֿȻ꣬ǼúܺãҲܶ࣬ĵȻǶЩƣǺ٣ͺ졣
콪ĺûȥԣ͹һƬˡ

꣬һϢֵĴײˡ
ײ˽֮ǰӺͷѿʱƬڳʱƬҲˣ֮̾͵˵߸ͼ

ʮֻˡ
ĿһƬأȥ˿СһƬأСҲָߣ̲סͷ

ȻǼʱǳÿ죬ôȹ궬вˡ
ڿԶһЩˣĲݮǲҲˣ

ûĻһ˲ݮӡ
˲ݮ֮⣬֮ǰµƻҲȥֻڻûÿ춼ȥһϣܿ㳤
ĵһɵģǲݮ

Ҳ֪ݮô£ವϳܿˣĿŶе㲻˼飬Ҳɵͼ档
ݮȻǷˡ
ݮǿԷ˵ģһݲݮӣȫҲʮݮЩݮÿɲ٣ҪǣЩݮе

ûǼʱˮôţҲнһȭͷˡ
ҽժ˲ݮ˳𣬺㣬ûЩݮζ
С¸˹Ųݮ

ݮС¸˹ֻҪһһҧһڣȻ۾һôΡ
ó԰ɣȳԣҺæѲݮ꣬´βݮʱиݮˡһС¸˹ĺ󱳣ȥԱŰɡ
á

ʱ򣬽Ҳ˸ݮһڲݮ۾Ҳһóԣʲô
ݮһˮæŷֻ꣬˵ȳҡ

æţͷⰲɻͷͿһŵĶűԵֻʣһݮƨƨĲݮ
ģ
ѵ̫óˣóԵ𾪵ĳ̶ȣһꣿ

ﻹаҲöһݮƨƨһֱɣ

ĵĺ΢ƽ飬͵̧ͷģָһ£С㣬⡭ݮʲôˮ

ãȻˮ֮ǰԵƻһģˮһ֡
ǰˮˣݮȷʵóԣҲɣ
һġһ񺣡

ģ
ҲһãȻ侲СǸݮƨƨԽĽ֮ͣǰ˵ҵľݽˣҵľݽΪͬòŻķӦֻԼȻ˵ȫָܻҲ֪ҪʲôʱŻỺ͡

ڳݮˮ֮Ҹо񺣻һЩȻûе̾ͺõĳ̶ȣȷʵһ㡣
ֻһ㣬Ƕھ񺣿ݽ֮һֱ۵˵оԡ

ǿ˼ˣͷŲݮãȻһ
⡭ݮҲʲôֵӰⲻͨĲݮ
Щֵ𣿡һԣǲΪֵģ

ĵĵһӦǣô棿
ǰ˵ģЩݮƻȷʵЩֵġ

ʾģΪŻЩݮôЧãڡϵͳĹܡ
ûǣЩݮǴϵͳóġ
뵽ĺȻ˵ȻٳҪȷһ¡

áѹеĽźͼֻĵš
ҪóƬƬɵģҲǽϵͳһģƬ֮ǰС¸˹񣺡°£㷢˵ֵ飬ҪƬʵ鿴ҷһԣòã
С¸˹۾գգٸҶ㡣

áʧЦ
С¸˹ɿڣľһСƬƬǴֿģ͸ճʱ࣬š
ԡ

ĳڴһƬƬȥ
Ҳǡ
ҵľлá





46.  ĵʮ   ϵͳ

֪ϵͳǸָ, û뵽ϵͳĽָɷôˡ
ͷ۵üģʵ鵽֮ҲԵġ
ûȷҪԭϻϵͳ, ҲӼл, ҲûŽĸܻ;񺣵ʳֻǵͷá

ǽԼ𣺡Ժÿ׼һЩԵ, ʳǿ⡣
лͷϵл
İڰ֣ˣȰҼֵ㶫, , ʱ˵ĶǺ, ֮չǣǺֵĸһξ룬Ŵ˾֪ǲҵԭˡ

һ˲ɴ͵, ʡ˷Щö
ûôֻĬĬԼ顣
һֵǻƹϣǵ, ƹϣϵͳѡ, ֿһЩңҲûŽȥֿ, ϾҲһʱ飬ֵĶˣջʱջࡣ

ͨѶ֮ƬҲˣˡ
ĵŵӽĿˣ󲿷ֶ֪ʲô, ҲֻǸɴഫ˵̣Һ˵һЩǰæ
Ǯ

Ĳˣʳü۸ģǱҲ˵󣬽Ĳ˭ʱõȥͺá
ˮȥϴε˵֮Ҫࡣ

֮⣬û˵Ҫϵ֣Ҳû£ֻǰչֵĲͬƸˡ
ҪĶȻرصģЩڴ˿ûõģռǷ˲ʱģһȥĵĻҲˣպôʮͼ

Щֲͼ֮󣬽ʮѹ޷ýķһȫעϵͳ֪ʮͼ֮ϵͳ͵һʾϵͳ°汾Ƿظ£
°汾
룬ûʲô飬ԷֿҲãͰѲֿ⼸ҪõĶóȻǡ

һ룬ϵͳȻڽĵĤǿЧʮ֮ϵͳСʧֻʣϽһʮСʱʱ
֪ϵͳʲôͬӦÿԳ֣ġҲ֪᲻оϲ

Ҳֻ룬͸߸˵пСȸߣ߰ʮ׳ϡ
пһС¸˹֪ʲôʱ˹۰Ͱ͵ĿϣЦŷźһϣһпΪϱ̫󣬾гһݷݵĶܴ
ĸɴ˸ͲгһСһСպÿڵĴСװһͲ֮͸С¸˹

ǺһСһˡ
СѾ˴󹫼ӣҲǺִһƯĻƣСֵһ˵ɽ׳ȥԽһõ̾˹

ĵһƬϹȥŻСһھȥƤû£ЦãˣȥɣȻٸͻСһϹȥ
มúóԣһԡ
ּۻˣ̲סЦ˺ˣȻķݵģղǺıꡣ

ǻС͸ɿܹȥҲܿ죬ΪǱŴġ
ģ
ϰߵ˳˳Լ·ǼҲŵϵЩ⣺ʲô𣿡

ԣĵһϹȥ㳢ûá
áӹϡ
ɲǻСְ˽˲ιһһھȥˣ˹ģҲܿ졣

һڿڳԣСɼˣΧŽีĽУеͷۣεƻСԴȥɣһռ֪𣿡
ม֪
СȻҲԼĸֵܹϵܺõġ

˿ȷԼϣŽĸ˵İƨƨߵˡ
ô𣿡ʡ
һ£˿϶Ĵ𸴣ãҸо֮ǰԵĲݮҪá

˼ܿعһγԣǾͶԸ
ϵͳҪˣҲǸˡ
һӿԳһ٣һԳʮϣҶǺܴһģСľǽ֣Ҫ߰ʮ׳СȸߵģһŵĴСࡣ

Ĳȱǳԡ
С¸˹Ͳ˵ˣǸСͰһ˸ɵС͵ϣȻƽʱԵĲ࣬ΪڲʲôٳһܹάͺãȻ̫˲Լ̫۾ǽۡ
ҪԣҲǿԳԺܶġ

ɵһСϣһʹСϡ
ȵͣ£ԼԴȻϲ̧ͷģҵľ񺣡Ѿ˺ܶ࣬һ϶Ѿȫˡ
Ǻ¡Цһ£Ҷֵ㶫ֵĶˣܳԵҲ͸ˡ

һ㶼⽪ĸصС¸˹ҲС¸˹Ĳһ㣬ĬС¸˹ҲҪܻô࣬ѾǺܺˡ
Щǽȥ֪ܵõٲƸɽȫ޳ṩ
ллΨ֣΢ĸм

лôණֲܰŶ˵ҲǺ¡Цһ¡
һ
ԣȻӦûʲôҲ鷳˵ţС¸˹һۡ

ĵıǣС¸˹ûָҲ֪ʵΣΪֵĶˣС¸˹ΣվͲˡ
ǣΪµܵΣգԲðȥЩ

ȻòһһģԥһʣС²ȫа취
ĳ°֪֪ͣܲЩӵ֮Ҳֹ֪᲻ܴȷܺú÷չ

С㲻صģǼôˣ񺣶лС⣬ЩӼȻԻ;⣬϶кܶԸġɫࣺСҲӦòµˣ֮ǰݲһ㣬һЩЩǿԽġ

ȷʵһΣյľأӦöǺġ
ȴʣȥôˣǻΪˣȷǻ㣿Ƿĳˣ
˵꣬Ķ˶٣䣺ǸҲǹ⻳㣬ֻϣһжǺá

ûϵȻЦ˻ᱳңһ˾Բᣬ¿Խ
ͷûһڴӦȿһ¡
á

Ҳдﶬģһҹľͷ˺ܶࡣ
м֣С¸˹׼緹ȻȲĴϵͳ
ϵͳ֮ǰû̫𣬵½Ƕһ壬Ͻǻһ˸ŷ־ȴŷ⣬Ϣ֮ϴžȡ

ϵͳͬʱͼⲻҪģҪǡֵжᷴһֵϣʵҳֲĶҲһΪʵڡ
֮ÿͼͿԶһλãΪҲܵԼֲĶ֮Լͼ֮ʵӳɡ

žܹõ1õľǰٷ֮һ
ǳˣЧʵϣϣ

ϵͳ̵һܣǾǻչܡ
չֲģЩֲԵĹӻֲ궼ԻգϵͳԶۣǡܽҵĺð취

۾̾óһۡ
ϣСͣ۸0.7ҡ
Ц

ЩԺٿѹ¼ȥ
һԼԸǩ𣿡





47.  ĵʮ   æ

Լȡ
ľͽϵͳֻԼ, Լ
һݳԼ⽫ܵõĺôҪְ𶼰ˣȻ, ʵΨһְǰæֵ, ԼԱңͼ, ⲻԼĶ

Цһ£㲻ԸǩԼļǡ
С㣬֪дģֵؿԻָҵƺʵѹм, ŵɻʡ

ǾԵĻ, Ϊóĺöܶ, ҽĿأŶԼŽɡ
̯֣㱣֤ȫ𣿡
Ҫ֪, ǷǩԼСҵ̬Ȼ᲻һ𣿡ʡ

Ȼ᲻һ̹ȻǩԼԼ, ǩһߡ
ôǲһġ
ԥǩ

İһúÿҪǩԼ, Ժ൱иѱˡ
ȻԼҪǩģҲ鲻Ըǩ, ϾҲûнԼİ취ʱûС
ˡ̹Ȼ˵ˣǽСģСܶ࣬Ҳ֪ʲôʱ᲻˱˵ĵ, ԼģǾĳһˣҲС鷳

˵ĽĶжˡ
ȿԥԼ˵ģҧָȥȻԼһɢһõĳ
Ҳоһ˿ֵĸоž֡Ȼ֮ܵʲôȻԣҲûΣУǸоԡ

ЦЦȻֵ㶫Կ˵֮ʵ֪ϵǿǱʵϣǻָơ
ָƣ
һ飬ͷӦá



ʱ仺ȥдﶬģĸʱĩڹôãѾ˶ա
һͿѩˡ
ɽǺů⵱ȻΪĵķ֡

췿ӵʱ򣬽ľͿǵ˶ķǡмֵıԵ
Ҳ֪ǲжߵϰߣĿС¸˹Եĸ࣬˯ҲˣͼļԼֹӺͲ˵ĳָ˲٣Ǿ񺣣ھȻǿݽߵģȴҲһֱƵˡ

ѩУĻõһϢ̽ͽҪĶռˣ׼һˣ͹
֪Ϣʱе֣ЦǷɣҲ뵽ˣ㻹ҪЩ𣿡
Ҫ˵Щһõġ

ĵͷ䵽۾ϣЩ֣۾ɫ
ʼʱ۾Ǻɫֺ޵Ѫɫһۿȥ˾úܹ죬Ǻ۾ɫҲ˵ǵˣӦ˵˲ǡ
۰׵ĺѪ˿ɢͫ׵ɫԽŨڣһۿ۾Ѿƫڵɫˡ

ġԼ۽ǡ
ʣûӰ죿
ЦˣûеģллСġ

ȻûӰ죬ҲͲȥˣΧԼһƬؿ˿Ϊ¶Ⱥʣݮֳ˵ڶѾˣƹٲļϣһ󣬿ҲǿԳܴġ
֮ǰԵҲռˣڵ󲿷ֶˣҲϣһµٻţҲڳڶϡ

ϵͳӸĺãҲ֪ǲЩҲӦʱСʱֲСˡ
˵Ǻ°
Ų׵ءԱߣǱ˸ᡣ

ڸҲˣԼĪˡ
ЩﶼԽĵСΪµģֵռľǺˣӺ棬֮Ϻס
Ǹտʼֵ֮ģһ׿ԵܶӣռȽϴϣʵ󲿷ֻΪÿӿˡ

еľļƹ֮ˣЩ˽ǿ첲ȴֵ֦ǲƣЩûռ̫ĵط
ʣµľǴײСײܲȵȡЩֻһӣҲռط
ЩǶˣһЩ̫ˣѡЩ͸Ķժ˷ŵֿڲóȥԣֿҲǿš

ڲֿװһ֮Ϳʼϵͳ
ϵͳļ۸ǱȽϹģÿһļ۸񶼲һÿһÿһż۸ҲһǰŴСġ
Щ棬۸͵ǻΪһһģ۸0.2~0.4֮䡣

۸ߵģϣ0.7~2֮䡣
ľ۸󲿷ֻǿȥˣϾġ

Ҫ˵۸ߣӦǲݮˣȭͷһݮҲ1~1.5ҡ
ˮǷ¸Դͷ
˼Ұӵӣȥ˼һѼܣ׼Ժֵѡ

潪ĺһֵ׼ҲˣǳԲʲôΪľû⣬ģãֵá
ЩݮָŵģǺֳֵĲݮ
һǴԭֲϷֳһ꣬һǴֵġ

ȫԱ֮óִۣӿʼֵıȺֲЧúãܵ˵ֵĸá
°ͣٹһʱ䣬ٷĲݮ

ЩˮЧȷʵܺãǽ֪ЩˮЧǻһ³ֻʼӺͺǺһ֣ͿԴչˡ
ԣȵ֮õһ㣬ϾҲǺϵͳйصˣΪϵͳԭֳõأ

ǽջϵͳռӼµĽ׶Уÿһﶼӡ

˵ĿˣҲȷʵǿˡ
ͽ˵Ҫ֮ĵʮ죬͵򸽽֮ǰǺͽȷǲɽȣŴ档
ɽȺܺңĵмֻɽȥɴͣûбֲ˵һߣڵǣԼ˷ɴߵġ

˻С㣬ôôණ̸һ־͵ɴ۾ŽԱߵĸʿˮ⡭֮ǰûǿԳԵ𣿡
ۿ̶Ĳ˺ˮҪƲˣ̲סЦһ£˵ǣڻƹҲԳˣҪһ𣿡

Ҫһֵ˵ĸĹҲ
ɨһ۵ŵˣǺ֮ǰ࣬ǡܾмġ

ҲûʣֻŵǵֻƹϵǱߣԼժɡ
á̿˿ѡһģҲ漴ϣǽľļһ²Ÿȥװûǵĳɡ
óԡǸڵģƹժҲϴһҧȥ

ƹϺһûɿڣһֺԵ㣬Ǻܺóԡ
̶ŽĴָȻСĶܺóԡ
ʧЦҪĶأ

ˣ̵˸ռģֿһڻƹϣЩаɣ֮ǰҪ߼򣬿ӹȻҲ֪СĶóԣ˵ЩҲǽС׼𣿡
ǣһεĲֻ˵ֻҪǰæһطȥ
Ϊʲô̵ɴۣæԽ˵С㣬ǲǵȥ۸ҪǸ˵ˣҪ߼ա

ǡ΢΢üẉ̂㿴ﶫж٣ȷ̫֮󣬲˶㣿Ա
˵ԣҲ֪ԼҲʲô˶Ͽܾ鷳ˡ
ðɡȻеɥȴ֪ΪǺãܿҲˡ

Цһ£һҪæ
ʲô飿˷





48.  ĵʮ   ûˤˣ

ǸСҪǰæֵأһ±ơ
ĵͷҸ, һһݾʹȥְɣֲ֡
ΪʲôҪô鷳̻е㲻̫ס

ţƫͷ̡
֪̾Լʶ, ͷð, ֪ˣֵͺ𣿡
ԡ˼Ҫһˡ

˵˿𣿡
Ȼ
̲˼ͷǸС, 㿴Сӣʵ̫ˣҴȥûӡ

˳ŵָŵķ򿴹ȥ, ͺСС
˵ʲôʵ̫С, ǵ̫С, ȥðղɣ
ôȴҲʲôȫԵˡ

Ȼ֮, ʼͲ˳뿪
Ŀ˵һۣУҪҵġ
ǵȻ̸мллС㡣

ǸĴСͷ֣СͷǿԲ, Ļ䵽ǸСͷ棬ȻҲԡ
оҪЩ, Ҫĵӵȶ

ǻ˲ٿռȻǺܴ, 佪ǹ˵ġ
֮ǰæв˶ˣԵִһȥǴɽϵ֣Լȥժġ

ʣ¿ռ棬ķֱ, ƹϣףݮ
вݮٵģͺġ
û취ͺһͺܶࡣ

룬Ļͺʳ˵ԼѿͲܳ˵ľ档
˽һȥǸͨĵ񻨣ɫǺɫ֪ĺܶ鶼̫ǵŽĵ棬ֱӺ͵̶ģȥǵгҵ23ӣ˵ֶҪٰǿǾ֪ˡ

¡һ
תͳڵʱͽСֹС㣬ҪСĵ㣬гЩ˶ЩӣҪĽŵǱȥ
šĵ˸ݮллѡ

ʲô۾ֱˡ
ݮʾȳ
ҧһڣ˲𾪣Ҳ̫ó˰ɣ

̲Ӭ֣ǸС㣬ЩǲȥԼԿ𣿡
ͷʱԣǲǴȥ

źðɡ
еԽĲŲɿڣ˵ȻʼǼСˣ



ûã궫һ֮ʹҴˣҪæС¸˹ûֻͲСӡ
ʹˣֱһʮ꣬ʮꡣ
СߡĿСǸҪһ㡣

ǼʱСǳʲôģ
С㣬ҪʲôСʵտʼ͵һͨһ٣ȳԵóԵ֮Ǿ˲ʵˡ

֮ǰŽĵ汻飬ڲ˼
Цһ£ֵҽǣȰһ㶫
á

Ȼֵ֪ʲôСĴӦˡ
ѡǾмеԶһطһεõʱǸ֣Ҳֱ׵ĵط㹻ֽҪʵЩˡ

ļԼӶ׼һݣõԼȡӣÿһţȻͷϽ̵С֡
֮ǰдһֲ˵䱸Ӷ˵ȥˣȥط֡
ֻܿͷ̵Сˡ

Сӣģз˵СʣֳǱߵĶһ𣿡
ࡣЦУֳЩԼġ
ۣġ

Ҫ֤һЩ飬ǰҸ࣬ȻҲֻһݣǰûִˡһ䣬ΪСͺҺŪȥ
ƶǶĵͷֳܹˣһСˡ
С˲˷

ֵʵرѣǻһֵأֳ˵Ľָ㣬СеæңҲֺˡ
ֱһעϸ⼸ҪҪˮýһΣôݣҪҪ֦ǡ

ǲסҲûϵʱ˿ҡ˵
¼ˡСģвСһԼͨѶ

ģǻˡ
ܰĿ佱
¶ɬЦ

Ҳˣĸ˰סԼֱӾס棬ҪСľݣҲҪԼ
ǲЩÿԳԿ⣬ֵصӣֻҪúðæֵأǾкóԵĿ⣬кóԵĹӼӲͣ

ʵ̫һڹȥ⼸СۿɼԲһȦ
ģ
Լĸ첲ֿ˿ʵǶûְ

΢ţЦһ£컹𣿡
ջ˼ͼҲˣ룺Իס
ԡ˿ɽȣȥɽ̫ܲʡ



ıΪǻ̫󣬶ҿɱ̫ǿԲʺھסɽڣȼ˻ףͷʺš
ȷʵȽϴ󣬽ĴԹӦ׸ߣҲɽȶɲ°ɣ

СȥԣӦȥɣЦһ£ҲͬһȥǲٿҪ˵
ĵͷŻ׵ĸ첲ȥˣ׵ĻλؿڣѾˣľ˽ȥ
Ҳ

ŽôõĵأϳôཪֵĶֵȳԵģ׼ȥȫֵġָֻһЩ
ʵǿܷӳɡ
ɣĶ򲻹

Դˣ˵ָֻ֮һ֣Ҳǿ
ʹ˶ôǿ𣿡
ʱĶЦЩ֮ǰ֪壬Уʵǰһ٣ٴη棬ʵָܻԹƿǰʮ

˼ǱǿĲࡣ
Ķʮ֮һѱȹ

ʹ󲿷ֹܣڻֻߣСԣ֣ǰЩ̫Ѩ֫Ȼ۸ܻס
ѾȨ޿Ÿ

ûʲôо
ʵͦڴģ˵Ľڶúã̫ѨϵĽֱӳһͷʽĶס˽ĵԴĸҲӳһס֫

Ȼþ
ıۣ̽ŵ
Ǵ󲿷ʱҪʹþˣһ滹ܲϤ

ӦӦ
ĳ񣬺ȻоԼһ㶫ʲô·
ʶ˳һ˹ȥ

ĵط׵˫۲λȻ󣬽ľ͡ľƽʱľҪСһЩĸо
ľСˣӾˡ

û׵ĸо
һҪԣ֪һ̧ȣʱ۾Ȼʧȥ˻׵ҰȻ͸оתصġ顯ﵹ





49.  ĵʮ   

ˤˣ
ֱڻײպһ, ĶûӦ㶵ʱ򣬾˻ס
ȷʵľ֦Ѿ

ľеԽ, û뵽Լôˤ, Ȼתͷȴ֪ʲôʱԼ˻ײϡѹͲᱻˤ
Ĭ˺һ, ĲʣͲµˣ
ѧϰˤģοԾòһ䣺õġ

ָףˤˣ
, Է, µġ˵

֮Ҳ֤ǲµġ
µǽġ
ľͲ֪Ϊʲôľһֱ, ͶһΣˤˤʱҲ֪ΪʲôҪϰס

ǲò˵, ׵ϰõġ
ٽѾһһˤ˿ʮˤҲپþҪˡ

һֱʱ, ŴϽĵϰӦûȥˡ
áĻðźʶȤ뿪˻ײ, Ƚʰˣ, պûס

ĳ֮˿Χ˲䣺
ͬʱЩ΢񣬽ǳ˳飺ɣǲҪȥ̣طˡ

һȻʣС, ﲻ𣿡
еۡչһ֫е


ĺɣôˣ
죺ûʲô
ʲôӣĺɵĿҲû׷ʣʲôʱ˵˿Ժ˵

ýǣһλȥȻŵС¸˹С¸˹۾ͷǸԴһһεģȴ׼ȷ˵˻ĽĻУġ
ţĽסɴһѱˣôˣǲǶˣ
ǡС¸˹סĵĲӣ۾죺ģۣġ

ӿһů˵û£ⲻǻȱ˯ˣԵ㶫˯
áС¸˹ȻӦˣ۾ĸɴ࿪ʼιʶȤĻȥˣҪͽ˵ĻҲ˻ȥ

С¸˹ιС¸˹˯˹ȥϸ˿С¸˹С󣬿ܵӣ˯ʱ̫ˡ
´εС¸˹˯ʰɡ

ǽû뵽һС¸˹ֱ˯춼û
ҲС¸˹ʲôԵģÿμС¸˹óĽ۶˯ˡ
С¸˹˯죬ľ졣

ǷֽһֱȥѵףΪﲻʵ˲֪£µķӦƽԽĵĵĺ⣺㲻֪ѷѪǿܻ˯ܾõ𣿡
⣺ѵģ
ȻģҵһξѷѪ˯˰¡Ȼ

⻹ǲһģ¸˹ǾͲֻ࣬ǾѷѪǲһġ
Ҫ⣬ȥ顣˵
ԥһ£Ǿܾˣˣڿá

ҿķСP an Pa nһǿ̾
ģʱҲǿ
ԣ᷵

üģָֻ¸˹Ļ˯Լơ
Ҫϰ𣿡ʡ
İڰ֣û˼ˣ˵

ʵҪýĶȥϰ׵ģοе֡
ָǲǶˣһ˼ά˳Žĵ߿ȥͿС¸˹ָȷʵһ¡

ָֹһ£Ժۣһ˲С¸˹ߣӲҶǱһǿģ֪Ĺﶢסˣͻ
ԺһƬհףĺûܵӰ죬ڷС¸˹֮ȥС¸û°ɣûﲻ

С¸˹ãȻգգۣס˽ĵ䣬촽˶˵ʲôĴչȥϸС¸˹˵ǣû£һ˯ܳһùҡ
һ£㡭
С¸˹ȴ˵֮˯ˡ

˯ţǱһ£Լ֫Զˣ㱵ԼĶͷȻһ亹
ʲô
߰ɣȳȥĸС¸˹ӣ

ĬĸŽ˳ȥ¶ˣԽˣԽܸо󱳵亹⣺㡭֪
ţ֪ĿʲôҪ𣿡

Ҫ𣿲Ҫ
һ˲ĺͿŽǲںӣȻ֮䷴Ӧ

ĲҪġ
ʼľѵ֪кܶ鷳𣿹ǿƾӦܲ³ɣǾ

֮ǰ
ֻʱӦò׼¶Լܡ
֮һЩĵطûйţõô

Ҫ˵ԼҲһΣ
ʲôʸȥ˵һС

뵽ǽԼ˵ˣҲǸɴֱ࣬ӵǸǸҸղʧ̬ˣҲӦ˵Ļ
ûϵû뵽ֱӵǸһ²˵ֻ֪Ƕͬ飬ҪȻҲ˵ǻụึٿ˵ǻ಻ᱳѡ

һЩʧ̬Ĵۣá

ǺѵõĶˡ



Ȼ֪¸˹û£ֻڳ˯ָľûôˣֵָֻءԼϰ׵ճҲڽĵָ㣬ԼСԹ֮¿ѸأӽǱ˺ܶ¡
ǱߵǲܶģЩţûãʱҲõǵͨˮȥԺҲҪֵֻġ

ڻϣķ˸⣬һֱӦףֻӣ׾ͻҪþӡ
Ҳ˵Ϊ̫Ϊôѵ֮£ѾɵԼľˡ

Ĳгʲô⣬Ӵѵʱ䣬ɿʱ㡣
׾ʲôֻ˵̫ˡ

ûƵ𣿡
ҡͷû˵ǲֵܳģͻ׶һ㶼Ϊȼ̫ͣ޷̫ܿû׵ѹǿһʱϲȥ󲿷ҲΪȼ˶㣬ûͻƵʱ޷ʹû׸á

Ҳԭ𣿡üͷ
ʿϵͳǾô
ҪһתͷͿֵı顣

ֱ顭һû׵ʱҲϿ
ˣղ˵һ㣬ѵһ

пһ̽ʣҡǲǺһ˲һҵ𣿡
Ȼ֣ǳ˳飺֪Ǿȼ޷ӻ׵ʲôɫҰףͷѣǾľʹ㡭

ѹû
㾫ӦúǿΪʲôֻܲٿػӣ˼⡣

һҧԡ
ĬĬԼ

Ȼ֪Ǿ⣬ľ˼Լ⣬粻Ǹ
Ӽʱͻ

ķʮ롭ķʮ룬ķʮ롭ȫעӵһ˲䣬ооԼһ˲Ļ㱣ǿѹסֻ㱸Уӿһȫע˻Уһ˲ʲô

һûӽضϣ΢΢𣬾ȻС㣡ģ
ΪʲôôţҺǴӺԶĵطģ
ãȻգգۣһ룬ǰһڣʧȥʶ




50.  ĵʮ   ¸˹񳤴

ģС㣡ıŵ, ĿǸȴûüˣͿðѪ
ĺһ, ֱӾ˹ȥ
Ҳ˲Լ񺣻û, ǿпƻ룬Žƽ䵽˵, ҲѪ

С㡭ǲַŵı£ȷϽĻкϽ˷ĵƤ, ȴо忪ʼ䡣
ô£
֮ǰúõ, ղôˣ

ɫһ, ׼ŽĻɽȡ
ûͨѶǼĺУҲֻϵ, һƲֹߴǳȥˡ

ֻҲҪʱ䡣
뵽Ȼһ
һʱݲֽʲô, һؿһƣ·ܸܵǸķŭ

ѣһ, һȴԼǰһɫӰûüǸ˵, ͱ˻ľ񺣺
ǰһڣҲ˹ȥ
Ȼеȴûиһˤȥɫ۵ǽڷֱ֣ӽĸˡ

ŵѹǱŽĵֺȣҲᡣ
ԭǲܵŵ, 뵽֮ǰ˵ã촽˶뿪

֮󣬴󻨾ｫŴȥˣֻһ˵ְѼСһ
ȻСȥҽĵʱȴԼڵľݶ
ʲô



˵Ҳã˵ðɣֲô⡣
оԼԺбܶණܣһ˵ľȫģֻ涼ӿֳһʱ塣

оԼӷͣǺܿ죬ʲôĶͷϣоʹɢ࣬Ҳһһ˿˿ǡ
⡭ԭļ

Ŭһ˿ѣһ˴С󣬻˶ҪǵļԺгˢֻμסԼǽġ
ǶʮһǸġ

һԣͻ졣
죬ˣڵ֪޷ڵǸľ֮󣬵һӦ뵽Ǹصģ˼ûĺˡ
ҲȥСľݣȻߵñȲ˽һ㣬Ҳ޷Ժӡ

Ϊˣ滹һֱӰ˳ȥһѪ
ŵòǸˡ

ˣţȴһƬ˵ءС
ֱǸӦöԽûж⣬ȻڽΣյʱȻðûнɭ



ľԼһܳܳΣʱе㲻֪ϦǺϦãȻĿһΧͿһݿʣǺꡣ
¸˹񣿡̽ĺһ䡣
̧ۣš

Ȼǰ¸˹
̲סһ۰¸˹ڿǶʮӣõǺ֮ǰ࣬ΪݸˣҲӲʣкܴ
ǰֻ䵭ڿ䵭дס

ô¸˹ѵģܳҡҡͷû£ûˣе
ֹһ
ԡ¸˹óһӣĿһۣǸɫģеӵĹӣ֮ǰûӹҧһڣţóԣڸҵΪʲôûҵ

ǡ¸˹򵥻֡
ǸҵģѵǺԶطģ
ĵɻ󣬰¸˹񵭵˵ǰĴ

ĻȻд
¸˹ûش𣬽ĿŹӣкˣֳ֪ܲ
¸˹񣺡

ֿһڹӣѵĽĸϽ¸˹񣺡û°ɣ֮ǰǡˣ
û¡¸˹䵭˵ˡ
û˵ԼʱоԣǿͻƳ飬ҲôС£ȱʧǵƽʱˡ

ŷģ֮Դһ˶ã
졣
һûʲôȥŪԵİɡ

˵ţľҪûΪ¸˹һְסˡ
ģ
żϵһֻ֣ͦÿǲ̫˵㣿о¸˹ҲûǶˡ

úϢ¸˹ӲѽĸشϣϱӣȻһԶҲû׼ߡ
ŵĽģ
һ㲻ȥϢ𣿡

ȥ¸˹Žģ
뷨͸ĽǼ⣬Ʈһ£Ȼ˵Ȼеۣ˯ţҳȥ߿԰ɣ

ֻǳȥߣǵǿԡ
˳ԴӴǵվ֮ŷְ¸˹ı仯ж

֮ǰģİ¸˹ȳԵҵʱ¸˹ֻ˴Űͷֻ¸˹ؿڣҰ¸˹Ľ׳һЩȻرԵģɺ굥ܴ
Ŀ¸˹ʱ̧ͷģ΢һԼӵѹʣȫ𣿡

ԡ¸˹ȭлһ˿ɻ
֮ǰһֱڣһ˵ǲ֪ΪκȻͽ˳ڣҲǿ˲٣վǺ¡

ȷϰ¸˹Ѿȫˣûʲôİʲôģڵ߳ȥ
ڽҪ˵رҲûУԴеأװʲôصĶһλᶯŪ̫ĶԼԴ
С㣬ˣ

һȥľڵתͷȥͿһһı飬ֻʹסˣС㡭ǡ
İ¸˹񵭵ȥǿһ˲ˣλ֮ǰ߽ĵˡ

ǰ¸˹ѡļ򵥽ܣû˵˼
ȴúﲻԣϸ룬Ȼһ¡
֮ǰǸСǽа¸˹

ȵȣбСģֱӳ
ãȻţǷ鱾иֵĿԣãȻֻ֮͵͵¸˹ţɣǴӳģСŻָġ

ʱСûڿܹȥֵȥˣҲҲ͸ɴȥԼĵôˡ
ʱҲӲʲôûУǹӽ̫ˡ
Źͽ˵Щӽ̫ˣٲҾ׼ҪСЩժˣֻҲ֪ЩܷŶã»˷ˡ

ȥժ˰ɡĿ˿Щӣж·ҪŽҵĹ⡣
ЩǽҰ
ĸӦ֪һЩӦôȡȡӵĶȥȡˣȻƹϣ͸ҲͿȡˡ

ڿûа취ȥֵأֻǴŸ񣬾ԼȥˣߵǼСֵһǱȥ
ǼСֵЩҲѾһЩʼѿˣĹȥʱССѿԱһ棬ǿʲôĶĺǵʱûзǶˤˡ

ȷӦ֮С۾һС㡭
Ȼ󿨿ˡ
Ϊǿ˽ŵİ¸˹

ǰɨ˰¸˹һ۵ģȻҲ֪¸˹ж£ǵʱȶˣڰ¸˹һûзųСʶ
͡еQAQ
ûĲԣСѿϣѿˡ

ǺǡСЦǡǰ
ôˣľСе̧֣ͷͿС͵͵¸˹ϿʧЦڿ¸˹𣿡

ȿȿȡСֱӸſˡ
ĲڵڻС°¸˹ЩΣȴҲֻǰһ䣺ǼͣҺͰ¸˹ˡ

˺ð
СŽˣڷһЩ

ڽģſɽȣʱ䣬ϽЩط˰ɣҪˡ
ȱˡ
ڴˡǸɴȥҵʣں˵֮ı⣺ҵʵˣ





51.  ĵʮһ   

С, ׼Ӫ𣿡˵ȷҵʵֵ֮ǰ˽һ⡣
ĺԥȻ
Ҳ˵ǽĸʱڵģ˵еЧӦ, ͹˵¸˹ϲ, ͻ

˼ҪռΪĳЩԭ, ûгɹ뽫ﵱӪҽȨ
һ
˵, ˵֮ǰ, 붼ûⷽ, һ˵֮ͿʼĶˡ

һܴǰûǮ
Դˣл˵ʵûȫ۹, £СҪ£ֻһΪԼ۹˰ѡ
ģǾǮҲûС

Цһ£ｨ, СγûǮοǱҲһЩ
˵ô˼Ǯ, 룬üģ, ҲҪһʱŻ뿪
˵ɫ΢ѿ

ע⵽һ㣬ΪûҪ˵˼ʶȤĲʣֻǸ飺СȥһЩū߹Ӷƶ˹, ĺֻǿգǩԼ֮ͲõԼܣҲй¶ܡ
ȵˣȨɴûʸͣϡ

˼ȻǱģǻѹ۵Ŀ𣿡
УǿҪһЩʱ䣬һ̽˵
ѵѹ۾û̽ˣķʡ

ǵȻǲˣѹѹֻۣҪҪȨǿ϶˻֮̽ǰ˵ʵԴܳ㣬Ϊ֮ǰͱռ˹ȥ
ˣʱ˵

Ҳǹô٣ʵˣ衭ȵȶҪǮԺ߽ˣǷɴһǮ
붼ʹ
˵ȽˣȻȥˡİڰ֡

鲻̫õԥһ£ǰοС㲻صģġ
ǰġĳ˳ǡ

ȻСݣԺȻſϡ
Ӱòſɢ

ʵǱԭļӰ쵽ˣ˵ԭˣǽΪһԹ߿Ŷθۡ
ĸΪʧ٣ĸµĲƲڵ֪ԭûиĸ츳ʱٰѹԭݺʱˣһԭ˳
˭

֮ǰ֪ôʱ򣬽Ļȥгڼԭ飬ȻҪȥģǷҪء
Щ˶ܽŵˣ֪Ƕ
ԾȥҲҪбԱ

ֲ˰ɣֲ˿ֲ֣ǿֲ˾ġ
ĥţ䲻ͷ϶һֻ֣

գգۣϰ¸˹īڵ۾ܿ¸˹зڵЦЦû¡
ģ¸˹š
ģΣҾôˡ

¸˹񣺡һ˼ֲˣûˡ
¸˹һ䣺㾫񺣷ӡƣ֮á
ӡĺȻֱˣ֪ôһ£

¸˹񣺡֪
ģ
ˣҲӦǿ󣬷ԭܵίæֻˣԸҪֵذ

ǰ¸˹ͷֽĸڿֵأֵؾѧףտʼǴӾʼǿʼֶ
ֶбףǵΪֹľףֶܲסþӣʹû׸ʱ䡣
һֱҲҲ˽ĵĽж

ǣʱ䣬ܱȵ˼ٶȰɡ
һξ̾һֱ㣬Ҷỳǲ֮ǰװġ
ôܡĿɽȶˣҲֵ߲ˮˣļ⣬ܹٵ壬ĲȷǱ˵ģҵ𣿡

ҵˡѾϵˣЦЦʱһæ
áĶȤԹǺܸȤֵ˷ֵҲռܶˣʱȥһʺֲƽԭʱȥǱߡ

¹ȥҲ඼ˣѾůɢҸƽԭҲ´󲿷ֵˣڷ֮ġʱͲ˰ɡ
Ĺȥ֮Ǯ˵
Ȼ浶˺üΣҲæ˺üζȥȨǮ

ΪΪԴǣ˰Ҫʮ
ǵģҲ˵ӦҪʮڵġ
ĴζΪÿر࣬˻ֻʮǧ˰پʮ

һ˵ã





52.  ĵʮ   ĸ

µ˶ܿ, ȷ·ֻ֮ʮ죬һ˾͵ˡ
Щһ𵽵, ĸ֮һ

ĸڽĵĴ, ʵǻɾģϾڵΣ, ֻҪһСľͿܻٲ
ǣľֵøм, Ҳڰｪ, Ҳ㹻ˡ
ĸ, һĿģҪȰ˵뿪

˿֪ĸĽȥ˿ĸˡ
ĸʮǿȥͲ, ǵ״̬Ǻܺãûо񣬰վŵʱֲܿ, Ƕƫݡ
ˣ߹ȥʱԭ˵ĸ˲տڲԡ

ûעĸ쳣, ͣЩˣֻǵһ, ˣˣС㣬˼ǹ¶ܻ֮м˵ģ˻С
ֻҪƷ, Դ˵ֻܲЩ׳һסܶˡ
á⽪ĵѡתͽĽܣС㣬ҵĸ֮һеԽԺ׼𡣡

㰲žͺáĿ˿ǸӢɫ۾ɫͷ꣬λܷ
˼Ŀһۣ˵Ⱥ͵һ֮ɣ÷ȴһѧϰһַʽ
á

Сɽסôãѧһֵ֣Ҫ˵ǼַʽϸкܴͬóʵǿӣҲҲʱӰ죬£СѧļԳʦˡ
ҪǣܴѧֵǴģڽȫȥˣ̵ĻǲһģҲͲǷҪȫܡ
˵ء

Ǵֵأ۾Ҳ˵Ƕӳϴˣ
ǣʧЦ˵ϴ۸ˣҪǣ𣿡
Сͬ

ãĵͷȻʮˣ͸ʮֲǸǱߣڳԺһȥ֮ǰƽԭشȻʣ˾ȥס⼸ȥѡǾȷһ˰ɡ
ã˳ڽһȺǱ߹ȥ

ʮ˴ӱ֮Ͳߣܾнվԭأʵ֪ԼҪʲôǵ֪Ϣ˻Ƹǣ԰סһõĹʣЩǵĹ¶ѾһݺܺõĹˣǰ붼ô롣
ΪΪǵˣᱻ˿˵ʲôˡ
һȺҲ֪ΪʲôűѡС

ȻΪȻǳƷȴǲ׼˲Żᱻѡˡ
һ·ʱе㲻ϾƺǿżһֲģԻǣ벻ͨôᱻ˿ϡ
ȵ֮ԼԼ˸ֵĵط͵͵۲һ£ͻᷢǺǱ͸ĵġ
ʲô

Ǻã鷳̧ҺˣҸǽһ£ǽģǡţũ˰ɣƸǵģλֱǷˣҵ֡ȷǶ̧ͷż˵֮ǰ˵õıһᰴʱǣҪľǺͲѧϰôֲɽеԼֵܻ֮ǵһˣǾԲһˣϣһ㣬ǵѧˣԶһ棬̵ˣһǹʡ
Ҫ˰æסȽϴ󣬻ȽϺõн쾭õˣǿԾʾ⡣

̬º׽ûиѹȸУô꣬϶ֱܷҡﲻǸɣ
뵽ԥ̽ž֡
˾ˣ𣿡ʣһҪˣûˣֻܴǵϹˡ


һƬžľ֡
ֻ־˵ڣֵ߳ҵߣߣʣµʮʮһӣŲǡ
˵ţĶԲǶȴȥӦһ£ֲʱСһ㣬ʱõȥҿõǱߡ

һαĲǺ˷ܣͷʾԼ棬Ҳʹѡȥˡ
һŮӣĿȽĸкӣҲֻһǿ͸ߴģҲȽ
һȺˡҪ塣

ʱ͵ղرá
µĸϵϣҲһʱ䣬ĸ֮ǰǲѾֻǲĲһֱңȵϵ֮ԭֱģԸ⣬˵ҩûɿڣΪʱĲû˵ﱩ¶Ѿ˽ֳĶкô
ڵΪĵĴڣΪ֮ˡ

ʱò׵ȵɿֱȰϴǶڵѵҪһֱ˵㣬ǿ취ûҪԼȥ
֪ЩĸʲôӦԶͽĵĹϵֻǰʾһе׼ʱҲֱӺ͵˵СԺ׷ˣܹܣͺһܽܣȰ֮ǿ뿪
ϴֵܣ۾ɴһ˼顣

֪˵ΪֵܣҲŽѡȨǣ֮ǰ㹻ˣûҪһֱԼοʱС㣬Ѿˡ
Ҫ˵ʲôȽԼʼĵ˵һ飬ܹ׵ʱҲһҪһȥɣ
ǿ԰ｪģԸṩܶİҲûҪһӰ

ȴֻҡҡͷ֪𣿡
һû򣿡һʱû˼·
㻹ǵʮǰ𣿵ʱô˶ûд˵ﰲȫ棬һеӽˣͨ𣿡ζ

Ǵˡ
֮ǰֻǸںԲźЩ⣬ʱͷһΪΪˡ
ҡҡͷڡ

ֻνޣпܾǰ¸˹֮ǰֻޣֻԶԶţ֪ԼһӶϲϵʵ
ټϽϵܣǰ㶼׷档
ļᶨͷֵܿ϶ҪϴģϴȻˡǾ˰ɣҲæϴҪˣҪ׷𣿡
ǡ

Щ˾ͽˣǵ֮ǰȥǸƽԭȥǱ߰ɣԺֲﶼǱߡˣ󻨺ʹһȥǿԱЩˡĽ˴ȥ
Ǵ˷ֹд󻨺ʹƣӦ㹻ˡͷҵȻһȥˣС㣬⼸õסһ𣿡
ԡˬӦ

ȻĸһȨҲġ
һаźãľͺʼڻָԽԽãʵҲԽԽǿ˵ǻ˸ƽ֡
ֻһԽ̵ѡһЩӵĻ֪ʶĵ͵͵ţò̫ԡ

ϴʵʲôʱôˣԾ˻ûðղžȻû֣ϴ·ߣ˵Ӧúǿİ
лɺɻսȿĵʵǿͷ
ʵͿˣͦ츳ġ

֪ǰĻǸʵĵ롣
ֻǿſţҲʼˣϻˣܺУǻи
ͽͣˣ²ϴ󣬽С㣬Ҳ𣿽С㣬Ҳܺõġ

ֻ˼һ¾͵ͷá
ȻʵͼɶͦϾӦ˺ĲڻһҲԡ
ǵýǸŮӣԼϴҪ׷ˣ棺СģҲǵ㵽ΪֹҲ˵ġ

⻰Ȼ˵е֣ǵҲˣȴֻЦЦлˡ
һصЦ
ȻͱĴ˸ֲ

Դӽյԭļ֮󣬽ʵӭ˷Ľ׶Σ֮ǰʱʵһ㣬ϾȷʵûкãҪϰɡ
ɽļˣС򲻹¸˹ʵ̫ǿĺȫ޷ʼڶ֪ԼʵΡ
ΪĸʵǿԵģûˣᡣ

⼸ص㣬ľû˿֡
⧲ֻ֮ýôȻǿô࣬еæңɱϾҲǸˣܿ췴ӦͽĴ
˴죬Ҳſִ򣬲ʽɱ˵ģԱⲻ˵Ŀ̫׺̡

ǡȻһǿѹѹֻһžߴһˤˡ
ģ
ǿɲջֲû˵ֵֻӡĺȻܿ˿Ȼһİ¸˹ηлżЦ⣺¸ˣںҶǻˡ




53.  ĵʮ   ˲ŵʹjp

Ȼ˵Ҫֲ, һԱȻֲ̫࣬Իеһ˱ȥƽԭǱߡ
ɽȵλòɴٶֺܿ, ϷɴֻҪʮӾȥĿĵһƽԭ, Ҳ׼õĵһֲأǽǰѵһúȥ, Լѡ˽ҪסķӸˡ
һʱ죬˵ʱ˵㣬ԭסĵطûж, Ȼӿеª, һһ, ɸɾ֮ǻһ˷˼֧Ӫһĺɫģ˵Ĺ, Ѿˡ

ߵĵ֮ǰѹ֮΢һµؾͿֲˣֻΪ˶̫Ϥ, ԲŷһЩʱ䣬ҲŹ, ˺ܶΣҲ˺ܶ, Ҳָ㡣
õֱһ𾪡
˭ǰĶʲô¶أߣͿʼ

еڻؿֻе㴭ˣҲû𾪶ãΪܿͱϳȥæˡ
ûõȥֵأֻȥæ޷ӡ
ⷿҲֻʮ˵ģҪǵ滹, л㱹һ죬ȵҪԷʱĬĬߣҪæ

ûֵ¸˹֣ɽҲֻĺͰ¸˹ĸˣƽԭǱߡ
߻ҪһЩͨߣ´ˣǻҪҪ˲ţҪЩֵصרҵЩкܶġԱֹ
ȻϴҪæϴĸˡ

Щĵûпǵ룺׼һ°ɣȷʵҪЩ˶ֵرȽϤģҲƸȵˣҲܽǮ
Ǯ
ģǺһķӦ

ڻҪǵǮĿҹƻȱǮʱҪǵģһŵӣʱֱˮ߲˲֮ණǮۡ˵
̾Ҫ˵ǮʲôֻѾͷá

һٷҲҪ̫ãڲϹֻĸˣһˮʳǿ⡣
֮ǰĳڳȥĴ󲿷ֶزˣϾ׼ũ⣬Ϊ;ֵģʵǳݮģǿ⡭ûԹ
ڻеĲ󲿷ֶȽϸźÿʳȻ⿾⣬Ҫǿԥһҧųԣ̫ҳ

ֻǵȳһ֮󡭡̧ͷˣһֱڷͷԣԵϴĶעⲻˡ
ڳԶʵϲ˳Զǿ˳ԵĿ֣͸ˣͲݮ˹ȥԵˮɣܽ壬Ҳԡ
ͷεĳһڣȻ󡭡˹˿ʼ

Ǽʱǿǿ̬ͬʱҲൽ̬֮ǡԵöࡣ
һٵ˺ֶܶ࣬ԵС͹ˣѧһ£ûˡ
ٵĿܾǽˣҲʱΪ¸˹ܳԡ

Աȥ˯һݣŴд̺ӣȰźһУȻ˵ϴϲҲûеģһˣҿҲϲ
ܰ
˵ϣ



ֻ͵һģ˼ֿ֮ŷɴȥˣȥ֮ǰ˵˽׼뿪飬׼ҪݣԼ׼ǳȥסĵط˳˿ǲ̫á
ĵûлĸ͵ܾˡ
Ȼ֪ڻţ񻹹òɱϾûмˣǻе㵣ģο֮ǰĳҲӦҪˣǲȥ

ǡýҲ˵£֮ǰûʹĳˣʼǾûҪཻ̫ˣڿ뿪򣬽Ĳʣ뿪֮Ǻ͵ǻȥǺһ𣿡
Һһ𡣡ԥЦźͽĽͣҲҪһʱ䣬㹻Ұæߵ顣ǱȻЩҪȥģǴ󲿷ǶԼȥοԺܻΪҵ·ҲҪȽŪá
Ҫ𣿡ĵһ⡣

ˣ֮һϵũҾˡ˵ĺܳϿҡ
ֻ˵Զļҡ


ЦºͣĵҲů
Ȼ֮ǰ˷ŭ䵽ʶģˡ
ʱûģŬҲᱻɱ˫ۣһֻиɣϲҲ֮ܳΪΪ˳Լõѡ

ڶڵһ˵֮ĵʮ챻ģһαĲЩ¶ƶϵһЩѵļͥҪǣǻһ˵оֵˡ
ĸտʼܾϲȱľǸ߼˲ˣǵܹȥ̸һ˲䣺
ڽĵĲ²Уλ߼˲Ӧоũҵеͻоֲũѧңλ˹ģӪ꣬оĺֿ֡԰ǽϣǼʴսĺ֡

ؿڼֱ޷ʣ˵оģ
˹ޱ飺ǡ
ľԼ޷ˣݺüģðβתͷĵҪ˲𣿡

ֱӣƫƫһ棺ȻҪҪôö϶Ҫ㹻ķ͹ֶβܱ˴⣬˵ǲǣ
ģûǮ

Ȼһ°û뵽Ļ˵ôһ仰۽Ƕ˳飬̲ס㡭Ȼ˵֣
ûǮĵ̹ѵھʮò
óˣһ˳ȥѾˡʶ

ģʮʲôо
֪ʱҪǮжֻҪմϡо֣Ϳ϶ǺܻǮģȫ󵽵ʱжǮͶȥǡûǮ
һ仰ҭ޷

ɴˣ˶ˣ㲻Ұ˴ȥɣ
˵ţһʹɫ
ÿ˹˵Ǹ̫֪óȻˡûжǮокܳһʱ䶼޷оˣԺ͵һȥԸũǮ֮׬ҿԴ󲿷ֶͶо

˹һ˿⣺һΪ뿪
ΪʲôЦЦ˵ûд֮ҪǿܱҵԸõġ£û㹻ʽ㽨оҲģҲ㣬֮Ҳֻܿѡ񡣡
˵ţĶ˶٣ˣﻹвٺóԵģҲҪ뿪һ

˹һޱ䵭ӣƢĺãʱҲŵͷ
ЦЦӲֿóĲݮ㳢ֵˮ԰ɡ
ҲҪԻ˵ĲϽ֡

ʧЦãҲֻҪȽũǱߵ˰źãٹ֪𣿡
İɣ㣬ǻᰲźõģ˷ܡ
ǻƽʱҲԵĴҲ࣬Ͼæ㹻Ӫ֮ʱæɴͺӪˣﻹȥʲô

˹Ͱ˲Сֻ֮ǰסеæʰСֻڰｪ׼̻Ҫõʳġ
ЩƬҪУ߲ҪϴˮҪժ
ɽˮ߲˽ʵ͵˺ܶũϵͳֻ˴ϵͳӺµһΪļ۸ͣĹΪֿ԰񺣣ԪضٵǾûҪ˵ϾֵѾԽԽˣƽʱҲԼͰ¸˹˳ԣͳԲꡣ

һҪȡֺµЩ߲ˮֵЩ
ǽȥ¸˹С׼õһ˳ժ˳Ļոũϵͳ
͸˵Ķժˣѡ˼ϣ룬ֵǱ׼ϸ

ȻǻȥˣǷˣҼǵӦһʮˣôӦ㹻ˡ˵ǳɣԺԼٶԵ㡣
ҲԵ㡣ʾܲ
˹Ƴ˵һۣĬĬͷת

ܾ˵Ͳһ
׼һ⻹ҵ֮ģ˶һԱߣ˸Χһ𣺡ĸӵףһǲģһģȻֱ΢ģǶԳϲĸͳĸ
Ͻ԰ɣ챸źܶˣԹǳԣ




54.  ĵʮ   

ֵҪ˵, һѵ顣
ʼҪߵ·Ѿ߹ˣЩڽԱ, ǵһһ֮, õ˵һʹʣǾ͸ν, ҲŬ
ֻõĹʶѣʵе㲻˼ֻʵϰ, ѧϰ, ÿܸһ֮󡭡ǹʡ

Ǻܾ֮ˡ
һʱ, ȵʱ򣬵һѾԶһˣѾɹǹʵһǧõһ, ټϰסĴľԼڴǮ˲١
Ҫǵÿ뿪һˮ߲˳ȥЩջҲԴԴ, ľôˡ

ķΧΪһҪ뿪, ľǷԼһˡ
Ҫ˵һ, ˹ѾʳʱûиǮо⣬ʼоֵˡ
Ǹ˲š

ľ˵ҲĸΪѾԺصתƵ, ԵҲӦˡ
ʵҪǵĽ治ϤģԼδģӦǵŶԡ
Щ֮⣬ĻСֻ

ǸֵһƬأɽֵļֲȥˣֻ˴Ƭ£Щ˲٣ͼҲռˣ֮Ҫ
СֻҲǲȥ

һжźãĺͰ¸˹Ҳˣõʳ¯ϢҵһЧҲֻ¸˹Ҳһ׼һ£
С㣬ʲôҪ𣿡ʡ
ĶΨסɽȵģĸԺÿһϵһΣʱҿɽˡСһǺῴЩҪ鷳ʱȥǱ߿ʲôѣ͸ҡ

˹񣬽ûʲôģ˹ȻҪо֪ĺܹأһ㶼ȥСֵġ
СΪʲôǣ
һУҲ뿪׼

˼ЩûǼʱʱǲǡ
ǴڴϵķɴĵȤͰ¸˹ȥ˹۾̨ܿľɫ
ĵӽߣܿ쿴˲ľڣȻǿһƬ֣вԶƽԭܿССĵ㣬ӦǷӡ

ɴտʼʱ򻹱ȽٶȾͿĿж𽥱ÿ壬ֻʣһƬƬɫܿܶɫɫЩɫӦǴ˰ɣ
ûϵĴء
ǸƯ򡣡վڽߣ̲סп

ǰƯü䣬ҲЦпȻԽ
Խеǿ
ֲïܰ汾ġ

Сȡʲô𣿡ʡ
ͽСǰɡѡ˸֣ûѡôԵģ֪ǰûйϵԭǸҲ֪᲻⡣

ǣ⣺̡
ϲɫָҲһƬĺ󣺡㲻úƯ𣿡

ƯƯ
û˵ʲôˣϾԺǽĵģҪȡʲôǽĵɡ
ϸҲȡò

СڽĵԽԽСȵȫˣſǿա
֮жǿղ޴ĺ棬ǿմأǾǿΣĶǿտĿתһţ¸˹ȻûҲĬĬһԴš



ʼĵ֮⣬ǿеĺ˵ǱȽĵģǽıкܶҪȻʱ뿪ɽȣҲһЩԳ涼ǱȽС͵ֲѵҲû£ʼûǿߡ
ǿȲԽûǿߣ⻹ǵһΣΪ棬ֻǿûģտʼûʱ׵ʧϵͳƮˡ

ҪȡȨҪȥһƬķǲУȻǲôԶǵȵʱҲѾ˶ʮˡ
ȵ˷ɴһͬʱҲ档

Ǽôģ
С˵вٺͷҲڵ۹Ͻ֮ڣвٷƲסı仯¶һЩ
һСŮƮ̲סСŮǡˣ

ǡҲһۣԽЦ˵СӵĿûôǿʱ¶һЩЩվѵĿҲһ㣬ǾѵѪ̫ǿҲҪʱ;ȥӦͿơ
˼ͷԭѹûоѪҲûôࡣ
ֻǡСŮӶĺÿɰ

ѵÿôõӣҲ΢΢Ц
ڿľǱᣬʼʱûô֪࣬ľȻֻжʮǼʻǸδͣΪǼʱ䳤ˣԳǶʮꡣ
ͬʱҲ˸ֳ˽ĵļ໤ˣȻΪδĽĺܶ鶼

Ȼȥɡѡ
áĵͷ

зģһǺƯС¥ȾͷԸ˲ù¥䷿ֱڽĺͰ¸˹񣬶¥ڵһ¥ǿһ沢ûźӶˣƽʱɨĶǻˡ
ĶǸ˿ͦã붮ǻȥʱûˣԸһ£оĲҲȥ
ס룺µĶ࣬һδҲ࣬óûҲƹ㿪

ǿģǼʱĲ׺٣ζҲ٣Ѿûо׵ϰߣڲʽ١
ǿרȻȨȥ֮ǰĲ׾ǵģҲͬȨΪԭϺ٣ҪƹҲƹ㲻
ȨȨ𣿡ĳɣأ

ǣĽͣר֮ҪĲ׶ҪǮֻǼãֻҪٵǮͿˣҪ⣬Ǳ밴һķֳɽָ
ôģ
һڴӦԡ

ֻԭϻˡҲû취ֻϣֲܿ
ƹ㡣˼ЩǿģֻǡûϵЩóԣҲˣҽˣǿһƹ㡣
ʵζһ£Ҫûˡ

Ͳƹ㣬ȻСҪˡ
˽ĵĻش𣬵Ҳã֪ˡ

û̫ãܿͳȥæˣ飺СҪҪȥ䣿
ȥ䣿룺ȥɡ
еǼʲôԹ䡣

ʵ֤ĸʱǾԻеģ·ĵ̣ǲϾģкܶ䡣
Ǽܻӭĵʵǻ׵꣬ĸտʱ۾ɴˣЩССģʽĻף̲ס˽ȥ
Ͱ¸˹ҲȥһĿȥĶֻһźӣ̲סЦһ¡

Ȼͱ¸˹ˡ
Ǽ⣬Сͽ˵С㣬ڳĶֻBµĻף޷þʻ
ֲٻ׻ǱȽİĽģ

һźˡ
ҪûǮǮĻҲǲ̨׻ȥš
ӵֵܿطȥˡ

֪ͦע⣬˶Ϊòͣ
ңҲˣǸŮǲǺƯҾȥ׷һۣĸߴġ
ҵȴһ飬Ĳɣҿеʶһˡ

СӺðʶôƯŮӣô֪꾯裺˵ǰŮѰҿɲõġ
ҳĬðΣ˵е£ˡ





55.  ĵʮ   Լ

˸ǡȻ˵
¸˹ͷ˸, ֻС˺˹ȥ
ڱעӵĽĸɴߣϾЩҲûж, ȫ˸ɾ

ѵʱ, ĲŲɫĹ۲һ¡
ĸˡе죿
Ŭ˷, ȻĬˡ

㲻ԣʣʶˣ
ǰɡĲҹֵ飺취˦ͺá
áͷ

ŵľǰңǾýĿ̫, ڸ﷢˸Ϣ̲֮ס, Խǿ, ԽǾýӦǸˣȻûȹҲ, ܱϳ
ȸŽģȥסĵطһ, ´ʲôͿҹû, ͸ˡ
һ˲䣬һµ, û뵽ԼĶܸǸʺ;ͨ˶ѣǿϾУĸ߲

Ǹ˾ǸˣӿٶڸңǶûҵˡ
֪ǣĳһ, վڴڿ۾һ£ֻеǵŪ꣬Ȼ⡣
ͷ˰һۣӦǡ

ǽ򣬻ǿȻ֮ͽסˡ
ǿ򰡣ֻҪ΢һģ˭֪飿˶˶ûдȥһʵɲڵĵ̣ҪǸԼ£ѵǡǸˣ
ö࿴ľ֪룬Цһ£ҺĳǿĴڴЭ飬Ըסǿ򡣡

Ҫʱ̽ȷԱ
ЦûҴţǽȥġǿԣҲ⡣
Աǲɿڣ΢΢ü뵽ĻԼ¸˹µĶ¶һĨЦ⡣

֮ǰ֪һԾͬ⣬һֻ˵һġҪȥԣ֪ɲǿĵط



ʱͿסˣҲǵһȥһˣ涼ȥģʣµʱżͰ¸˹ȥ䣬ȤĶ۲һϴӹõͦеġ
ĳһգںͽĹֵİ¸˹һ˿âȥǡ
һûȥɣ

ûп¸˹񵭵˵
Ķ԰¸˹ģôһ˵ü䣺ȻǶĶ֡
ŮдԵЦ۾΢΢棬ǴȻ̾ΣŽ¸˹нɫ

롭ȥ
棬ΪֻһֻԼı
ȱʯƽصı԰ѱʯͻƽȫ͸ֻҪԸȥ

ʲôɻ
¸˹ظһ飺һ
ʧЦϻôǲǺƯ

ǡ
¸˹Ȼɫ֣ǽӲӣĬתͷǰߡ
ģ

¸˹û°ɣôˣ
¸˹û˵
ˣȻǲûжһıôһ仰һ䱦
ǰһ仰˵ֱľ롣

Ĳװ¸˹ȻĲΪʲôѾϰ߰¸˹ʱʱԱգҲûʡ
ֻû뵽ǣͰ¸˹أȻи˵ǰˡ
ȿ˭Ļ˵¶һܿòЦ˼λС磬Ҹʲô

㡣ҽŽġ
ϴθ˽֮һֱûзһһֱţҵҲʲôˣֱӾˡ
û뵽ǣֻ¶ɻı飺ʲô㣿ǲϴˣҲ򡣡

ҷܣ㣬ϵó㡣
ΪѣĲʶ㣬ҺǸ㳤úƣܲܲҪˣһ£ңһᱨ
ɫеѿŽİΣȻ˵үүܿˣ㲻үүɣ
˵ˣҲʶ㡣Цʧ
˵㲻ˣ㸸Ǳսǰɣүү˵㻹ȥˣһȻֳ鱾ǱˣȻԼӻǳˣͻǼҵˣ㲻᲻ϼ˰ɣ

˵ʵıе㷳ЦȫʧĮĿŰңƾʲôΪͶŵһ壿ǲˣҶٶұǼƽϣȻҪչҴһ仰
ҵĶøһҲ

ı̫䣬Ҷסˡ
ӦѾת˺Զˣҳһ£Ǹȥ
¸˹ʽģҪҪҳ֣

áĵƳ˰һۣȻ˵ǼҪˣɡ
֮ǰ˵ǼƽǼٵģһγҪģڻʡҹȥʱ䣬ܽСǡ
ȻûãѾʼСˡ

ȵ¼ҵ׼ȵ¼Ҿǰڼ塪û뵽ǣķȵ¼ҵˡ
ȻţĻе⣺𣿡

ʣ֪֮ǼĸֻҪҵĶ͵͵ҹˣǱˣһǼҹ
ֻܼһ棬ǿȫȫվﶼܰĺܶࡣ

ȻҲģ򿪼ؿ˿֮ȴˣǡ
ǣ˭ҲãȻˣչȥ˿ϡе졣
һκͿҵ첻һûϳˣֻԼǵúԭеĳˡ

ֲ̫ԤУüĺݺ˵˽ˣҲһֱȥɣʱǻ˵ġ
һ°ɡ˵
ºͣķÿ˭ǲҴطˣ

û򡭡ǰɣͷ죬Ҳźεź͸߸ϵƶ
ȻģĲõԤиŨͬʱϼƤðˡ
С㣿ǲʽġ

ģҳȥ
˻ǲҪŽˣǼһ滹ǿԵģ˵ˣȻˣǳȵ¼ҵӦҲû֪ģ˵ĵпǺȵ¼йϵ

Ҫȥ¸˹ĬĬϣ룬ûиȥˣֻǿżں濴ţԷ鷢ʱ֪
վŵ꿴ĵʱ۾һֱ˽ߵİ¸˹һ½ģϻŵ⣺ͷӹȻûƭҡ
ģ

ľĿҺʶɣ
ܿʶˣϾҿżһĸ߸ϡ
Ȼ⻰ĽͷʺţֱǸ񾭲ˣüͷãλ㲻Ҫ˵Ҷʶ㣬ҿɱˡ

㲻ʶңȵ¼ҿɰ͸ˡ³˳ҿ㳤˳ۣԸ㵱żҪŭңɾֻܵϲ̨ˣ
Ȼȵ¼ҡ
˵Ի겢ûһøУ֪Һȵ¼ҶϾϵȵ¼Ҹˣʲôϵ

ҹǲȵ¼ҵˣ壬Ұֱźˡ
վߵһʮ꣬۵վ˳
ʱȴȻҲ˳

ǶּҵˣƾҲФǼС㣿ϴ䵭Цһ˫۱䵽ϣǺǶּҵĺؼˡ
˭ҹҵ£һš
һ˫º͵ĿŽģС




56.  ĵʮ   Сèɶ

ղŻһµһɫһ, ɵĿһȻһ۽ģţôеˣ˵, ڼٽе
㵹Ǹпܡ
Ͼһǰȵ¼ҲܳС, һ֮ڵУҿǵλͦߵ֣

겻ţҲһ²Ű, òƵľһߣ΢΢ƫͷСʣǵģ
׼ȷ˵, ġȻ֪ĶԼͶι¸˹֮鲻ǺܸȤ, , ҲеЦã˳ƸĽͣǵ۹ʮ֮һڻ˿Ի޸ĹӺ߲, ˶ǽá
֮кôͻ

ԡܺе󡣡
пǱȴѾĲ, ûпһˣ϶˵, ЦȻðеˣҿǾٱȥе˷лҡ
˵, ۾һ£䵽ϣ»֮һֺðӣԸҵǸһȥˣҾͲٱǣô

Ҳϲ, ҿԲǼҵ𣿡ĺܲϲ
΢΢һС
һͨ򵽵ǱߣΪ˽ģʽֻܿ˵

С㣬𣿡ȻͨѶźܾã⻹ǽĵһϵһĪܣžǡúҪˣڿչһԼʵˡ
ǣĽӽǵһ£¼ȥԺú˵ļ
̽ͼұ֤ϷԸȥ

ļ򵥵һ仰Ǿý˵ѣһЦΪôһУһ仰ҵ𣿡
䣬ͨѶһ绰ԴͲӣװûֱӵ˾
ǵ𣿼ǹܵöࡣ

ƽʱװӣ˻Ȼٴ绰һβһ˺ܿǰүүӸĵ绰
үӸ绰
͵棬

꽫ͨѶӹҪȥүүû£Ҿ桭
ӻʲôǱʮŭֱҪӣ棬浽ͷȥˣ˭ǵģֻ֪ܽò𣿣
Ȼһٵ꣺

öе㻳ˣֻȻ֮䣬ɫһ䣺еˣ
ģȻƭ棿
ɫһһԲŽġ

ԭɴ಻ģǺȻ֮뵽һ£ȻЦ˵ȵ¼Ϊʲô
˵꣬Ű¸˹ˡ
֮ǰڽɫֳɭɭĿ˽ĺһҲûټˡ

¸˹񣿡ĸյ棬¸˹Ȼȥ׷ȥʱ򣬰¸˹˶ʧˡ
ЦЦ԰¸˹ʵȥҲΣա
ĵȻ֪Ҫĵ˵İΣ

һȵ¼ңңѾӽſ뿪һ𺣺Ӧøǵѵˡ
ǡӦ
Ȼһ룬ǰʧȥӰȻү

ֻԼǰһڣȻһ͵ˡ֮⣿
һۿվǰİ¸˹ɫÿվڽǸˣǽģ
¸˹ͽߵô˵˵ȫ۵ˣֻ΢˶֣͸оԼƯȻ󡭡ݺڵϡ

һʱ䣬̵ĵؽڶ
һʼľɣмʹŭٵĶ󲻳Ҳֻ˰Сʱ
һƬضҳһӣ꼸ٳֹ࣬ȹǶˣ߹Ҳ˺üҪ츳ʻУûˡ

ڣҲıԵǻ
оԼβۣ߹Ƕ֮Ʒβռҩһָá
ʲô

¸˹̧ͫһ
ΣԻӦģйȻǣȵ¼ңǲ֪ʲô֪ȵ¼ҲԸ⽫ܳ츳õŮ޸ǾȻˣŹȵ¼ң壬϶ܰϢȥȵ¼Ҿܲˣ

궼ҪԼϾҪʵˣ֪¸˹֣䵭ĿһۣӰȻʧ
⿴ϳ껹Ǻݺһ
û

ŻŬָò׻˵㾫Ͻóҩһںȥ
˿˲ʹܸܵʹȸܲʹҪã֤š
һǱڵϣкۡ

ǣȵ¼𣿼Ȼôȵ¼Ҳ븶ۣȻǰױˣ
ȥȥ͡

¸˹ˣڰ¸˹ŵһɵѪζһ˿ǣû°ɣ
û¡¸˹˶٣䣺ҵѪûˡ
ǾͺáЦУ֮ǰ˵ԵģӦÿˣ׼̣ζǲݮζģƻζģ
ݮ

һаãҲ鵽
ĳһӣ츳ܲŰ裬Ϊһȵ¼ҵһŮŮԸ⣬õ֪СĴڣĴڱ˳Ƹ֪˵
üȵ¼ҡǡ

ǱеŮӦʶаȡȵ¡˵
ˡϿûж˵ϲ˵ȻˣǵæȥǰɣôһҲҪȥ
ǡ

ȵ¼Լйص˶ɨˣ֮ǰҲˣĸɴóȥÿͺͰ¸˹ɹɹ̫ŪһԼĲӣȻóԵġ
ԼԽˡ
ء

һ΢ĽĶһ¸ʲô𣿡
š¸˹С¥Ʈȥ˵һֻСèˡ

ݣ
۾գգҳȥ
¸˹ûֹߵſڣմҪ濴һӰһأһͷͺһ˫ɫ˫ͫˡ

ģ
𽥵ɴ۾èè
ǵģľһֻèè׵ëһ˫۾ǺĽīɫʱһ˫צӰסĵ죬Сèż

ǾżצҲû¶ֻżƽġ
̫ɰҲ̫ˣ
סĴë޿أֹţèè߻ȥȽȥˡ

¸˹ĬŸں棬ıֻСèҲе⣺С׼ԣˣ
ԣæһ°ɡ˵ţҪСèСèֻ֣ܿצӱסĵ󣬿Ͱ͵ؽС
⣬Ķĸо

ˣȥҩȻúһ¡Ρ
Ķܿ죬ΪСèСҲ´ӣֻһҩĽ£ˮ˲һ㵭Ѫɫ
ԭΪһͺãʮ˿ڻûãȻѪˣϸܿŵ˿ڡ

ĺһָСèϵˣǲе㲻ԣ
һ
ˡǺϵмˣҪȥץСèСèҪӣܿ

Ҷ顣һסСè󾱣Сè˲佩ֱ
ȼһ飬һʲô⣬ҪԼϣ

˼ĺףСèܵ˻ûôصġ
Ҳֻ򵥵СèĽӲСèϵˮɣ˿ﻹҩˣȻ˿ȻǲҪ׼ɯȦ
ʲôãȻ

ݣȦڲϵģֹܹ˿ڡ
Сè۾ɴ󣬷СԴҡ
Ȼ˵԰ɣЦеĿСèءҪҪоһ£

ۿСèŵëҪըˣĸϽҶģ𼤶˿ڣòײŲѪˡˣȥϢһ¡
СèٱıסʱǽֱģľڽĽŵŵϻСֱ̺֮뿪΢иͷ˿Լϵˣһ˿ŭ
ֱûȷʵþˣʲô
СèˣãȻͱܵƣ롣




57.  ĵʮ   

úСè, ѯʿ
ȻĴ󵽼˸Աȥһµģȥˡ
ֻèȻ鲻ʲô׷ɱֻè˵ǲ, ĳ, ׷ɱֻè˵Ϊֻèʲô

С㣬ֻèѯʵĿġ
°ͣšʱ°, Ѿˣٵ˺뿪
ԣѾɨβ, ˻ɵЦЦ

ľõʱرһ, ֱȫܵ, ֪ܰ顣
Сèʹסԭ׼ʱèǱСèܾ, Сè䴹ϵʳ
ĳЩˣֻСèܳԡ

Сèͷ˫ɫ۾Ž, ̧Լ۵צӰڽĿϣһ
ģܵjpg
ó׼ʳ, ֻڣõж۵һ, ǵСһǺҲʲôܳԣóһݮһƬײҶԼһƹһֻһ㣬һСװţԿҪֺ˵

СèſֵĲӴչȥǼ⶯˶, ֱ˰ײˣһڳ˲ݮ
èèɫ˫ͫȻ͹𻡶ȣЦɰС¶˳
˫ĿŽģȴ˵ġ

СèҪȹأĲΪ
ҲֻܹԹȥ˻ƹϺζԣֻǰײǼȥ
룬ķ֮һݮдһ׿һƬƹϣԼƹСһȥ⡣

˵ţҲûųԷȥˡ
¸˹˿˿ûķˣŲСèϣСè
СèëըΣѹܣߣһʱ俴Σеķ򣬶˰¸˹һ˫ڵ۾һֿһ

໣Сèѹơ
¸˹գ۾һѹ£Сè⧲ֱſ˵ϡ
ҷһҪҪôˣĽһͷСèſڵϣãȻ

ſڵϵСè嶼ˡ
ǿҵΣһֱǣȻҲ˽ĵãȻӣоⶪ
˼һûʲôſˡ

¸ͱƽˣأʱҪҩĹȥݮЦе˵ȳԷɣֻҪ΢һ¾ͺá
¸˹ûƿߣСèѾԴӵˡ
ȶе¸˹̲ס˾衣

ˣСè䣬Էɣܿͺã¸Ǻܺõˣ㲻ú£˺ġָСèȥ
ܲԴСè
ˡֱԣھ͸оɱ

оΣյǸûжһҲܿͱˣȻе㵭Ȿζζǲ
Сè˱һ٣оҲָһЩҪڡЩˮ
ȷʵһд˿Իָƣʵˮͷĸšףʲôе㣬ûǱߵ㰥

Сèãǲֱ֪ٴȥһڿڿԼĶֻ̲סƮȥ
ĿʵǿɰҪ˵׼ϵĶĲǺܸңϾϻˡ
ǶûˣȽƤĻǣĶǿǵ󲿷ʱι߹

СèûԸԵϵʳǽĳ֮СӣֻģпȻֱȽǿĶСҲԵıȽ϶ࡣ
˵ţָСè˲ͣСèԴԱ˼ǵͣ£Ҫŵˣ֪𣿵˿ҪԵġ
ֻʣܵСèģҲϲϵϢɿɰԹԴز䡣

ɰ
̲סruaѣСèԶ

ΪСèڼҶ׵ҲûôˣֻһգСè̫°¸˹ˣµſڵϣÿζҪþòܻ
һΧ۵
ԽǺСèſĴ͸డ

Դӱϳ֮󣬽ľ֪Լ϶֮ͣû뵽ǣЩô죬ȵ¼ЩΪǳˡ
Ŀв֮͵ʱ򣬱èè־ͽèèˣ״ʣҪҪ
ǽ䵭ǲЩôأ

Ϊô۵֮ΪʲôңֲֻһסȻڵˡ
ȵ¼ͷǸˣԭӦúһ˾ˡ
طۣȥúܺãǺͽĿôƣģ¶һЦˣôؼң

ȵӦúǼûйϵˡ̬롣
ԶǼˣΪ֮ǰ𣿼Ҳûа취Ͼʱ㡭˵ţ¶źεı顣
ĻȻԣҲ˵ûйϵ

ĵĻҪԵõ˾˵Ͼȵ¼һҵĳˡ
µǮ׼𣿻еңұŵˣҵˣ׼ҵǸǰɣʵҲ鷳ܹǮ͹С
Ļ˸ˣɫһҪµ㣬ȵ¼ҲҪµˣ

ʼ̬Ȳʱ򣬽Ļе㻳ǱŴĺͺõ̬ģǲ֪ںеĹϵ
ڿǡ
Ҳǣ֮ǰǸûһͲǸƢõģݣȵ¼ԸҲġ

뵽Ȼĺһ㣬ϾǸԳ鿴Ҳǲôȵ¼ҵӡ
Ҫ㣬Ѿȵ¼ҵˣΪҳôĿͷò׸ȵ¼ûаëǮϵˣһɣҪҪǣôĴʵǮҵģЦ̸ʲô飿һͷˣ֮ǲܰ˸ҽ͵Űɣ

Ļ˵ôţ˵Ȼˣ۾΢΢𣬴вȵ¼ңҪ֪ȥֻǸƽ񣬿ɲĹˣھܾңԺǺˣҲȵ¼ң㵽ʱɱҡ
Ұ⻰ǣǲܼʱ˺Ǯҽǵʱڣ

ĵ̬˾ܵ裬תߡ
ˣŵ˵С㣬òá
˵죬æꡣ΢΢ҡͷ

ȵ¼Ǹ֮Խ뽪ĸղ˵ĻԽвýľҰˣΪԼеǮͿˣ֪ѹͲġ
תߵ˵˵һһô򵥣ȥ

ǹ֡
ֵںͷͺ֮ǰģ֪Ҫǿ֪ǿкܶԴȻҲʮǰһսˡ
ɾʱǳô˶ûܴ˵ҪҲȻȥԡ

ˣȻûǶ˻ˣҪһˡ
ǿȫˡ
µǣǿ򲻹һֻ֪ޣһֻеǼޣǰûӦǸճֵġ

ǿѵ޴Ӫ
Ǿ˵Ҫа취ȥ
ҪҪֱӴӦ

ǻԥʱ򣬾˴Ϣ˵ϣǶǿʱҪΪҲ
⡭Լȥ̨ɣ



֪ϢʱѾˣýָͷõ˭°ͣȵ¼ǿʲôڵġ
Ҿȵ¼Ʋ˵ǵ˸򵥰ɣĿʼܡ
Ȼͬȷʵǡ

ֲ֧ȻǶҪ鷳ˣͲˣȵ¼Ҳֹһ˰ɣ
ЩǷҪûʡ
ҪĿ϶




58.  ĵʮ   jpg

ʱһ, ȵ¼ҵˣǵȻģֻûʱ, Ҫô졣
ǽ֮ǰȻҪǱߵ, ǾýĲ
һţĲǾû˳

Ǻвͬ, еĽĲûоźͷŭ֣ǡڿϷ
˭Ϸ
ȵ¼ҵ˸о΢, ϸ΢ĲĸоڽĿ֮͸Ũˡ

˵ҵɣ˼, Ƣ, ʱҲˣϾҲû뵽ô޳ǰɣһǺҪǿġ
ʲô˼
ȵ¼ҵ˾ԼеͿ, ĺѣǴͨѶȥʡ

ȵ¼λԳ˾˵˳ȴΪһ΢ĸоȥ˵绰绰һ, ɫͱˣʲô
ǱߵأǱһѻˡ

ѻ
ȵ¼һֱúõģҲûʲôͻ, ΪʲôҪԣ
֪ˣźǲĸ׵Ķ͹ֻԼȥˡ

㡭˻ûʲô顣
ȴѾˣȥæԼ, ҾͲˣϣȵ¼һβҪ䵽ڴտѽ
Ź֣Ǳһծɣ

ԽǽӴȵ¼ҵˣԺԭЩȵ¼ҵļԽҲԽǾöġ
һ˶Ƕĵġ

ô飬ֻһҪϵŮͲôҪ, ˹˲ϽģҴ뿪ˡ
뿪ˣǽûʲôˣǱɿˡ
Ȼȥûн֮֮١

ǵȻҪԽıȥˡ
С㣬Ҫǿ򣿡һڽǰû˵ճҲǺڷۣĶԺڷ۵ͦкøУ̬Ҳǡ
ðһ£˵ǺλЭ飿ŽģȷǿûΣ𣿡

ңԼҴȥˣǵȻûΣյġ̯֣ô˾Ͳһˡ
ýĻлǱȥ̽ǲܰڵϵ飬͵û˵һ£˵ǿкܶԴҲкܶĶֲСʲô𣿡
ֵذĴ󷽷ҺͳֳĶͦóԵģ´ο

Ȼҭסĳ
˶٣˶԰ȫȥǡԸһЩ˽ȥ

˵ĵȻǼ򵥵Ĵ˽ȥ˵ǴЩӵ˽ȥ̽飬ϾҲûлȥ̽顣
ЦУҪȥǵϵǿԣֻҪ㲻Ҫϴ̫ණȥ׼չũҵģϾϲֵء
֮ʵҲ˽ȥ

ֻǹ۲춯ֲһЩȥҲ⣬Ҫֶš
Ҫ˵ζ˵һ䣺λҲԼĶ˵ǮͲˡռ˽ȥֻϲֵĶ˵ҲɣұŸպ䵽ǿϣպôһЩӣȻҲû˵ǰɣ


̬ɶˡ
Ҫ˵⣬Ǿ²Ҷģǰ¸˹
Խʹ¸˹ͷϸǣͲס

ǡôʱˣڳߵ˵䣬Žĵͷ㣬Ҫ𣿾˵ҲǺҪйϵˡ
ѵȵ¼ҵ˻ûȥ
̯֣Ȼԣ˭˶ȥ

Ȼ˲ȵ¼ҵˣһȥʮŮپ£䵭һۼŮܸܵľʡ䵭߰
Ů֮Ȼϸ˿ȷû£Ŷųͷá

áҲк
ǿûãȻҪö롣ŮҲ䵭ġ
⻰ýе㾪ȡ

ǣ¡Ρ
ǹˣҲ˼Ȼû̸ĺôҲɴ׼ýתǮǩͬ
һŮһֱԱ߶ţȵ꣬ȷû鷢ˣڽߵʱߡ

ĶŮȻĺе֣ҲòЦЦлл㣬
лҲҡŮҡҡͷʣҿȥ𣿡
ȻԡЦ룺Ҵ˲ٺóԵģԼֵģϲһһ

Ҫ棬Ҳ⣬ƢŽĻȥ
ýǣǸͦദˣȫûнһʼΪĸ߰䵭˵Խĵʱ򲻸߰Ҳ䵭
Ϊʲôо񡭡ͦϤãȻ

ɫ΢ɲһȻ˵ҽ¶ǡ˹ŵԽ¶ǣýҹ
ðɣ¶ǣΪʲôֵʱе΢ãȻ
ΪʲôеϤ

ңǰáԣǸֱ׵ˡ
𰸵Ľģ
˿¶ǣ¶գգۣԭһ˫ɫ۾һֻ˽ɫɫ˫ͫɫ˿ȣԡֻè

ǣ¶ҲһЩȣ֮ǰ鷳ллҡ
лֻǾ֮ͶѡĻǾеز
ֻèèǵ۹

ȵȣèè۹¶ǣ
ĺȻ뵽һ£̽ʣǲǡһ磿ڻУ
¶⽪ʵ⣬Ѳ裺ô֪

⡣ĬĬ²ڵ²ۡ
ˡ
֮Ҳǵһʱͻȥ˵ģҪһЩ̣ɽҲǻ˲ʱģڼͨ෽˽һµʱ硣

ʲôհӾ簡ӰС˵ʲô֮ûŹ
һС˵ʱͦ˼ģһƻС˵Ůͽ¶ǣǵ۹һŸ磬Ÿڸս͵͵Ǳս˳ŮڵĵطڶԲѣϻմȾ˳Ķȶƻʧ٣ʵ͵͵ڻʹѰİ취
ȻǸ壬ʵҲ˳սˣⱾƻС˵˵¶ǣǽŮλΪֹ

ǴԽˣǴˣ
ϣҸԱܣҲæ¶ȻˣǻǾŽģ֮ǰ۵Щˮ߲˿Ի滺ƾǱЧõģҲҪǮ⡣

Ǯ⣬֪Ǵ֮뵽ᵽļʹڵǸʮδ飬ǸпȷʵһЩõģûд٣ȴһȥãϵңͨת˸ǡ
л¶վŽľһʮȾϹ
ЦЦϾܱһвΪܰæĿ϶

¶Ǵ΢΢һ£ûзĵĻ֪в˲ġ
ǶûȥҿҪȻȥһˣЩҪ¶һ˿â
ΪɱȻС¡

˵ҵҾͻȥЩȥɡ
˵ţľͳһӡ
ǶôߵĹӣ¶ǣ

֪˽δ˶٣ϵĿռҲСɴŽ˵һᰴм۸㡣
ãһģǡл°ɡİڰ֣οûƷʵģмҲûг
¶˽ĵĺ⡣

õҪĶ¶ûоĲȵ¼ҵ״֪ڲãĲˡ
ֻû뵽ǣȵ¼ҹò֮Ҳ֪ôԳˣȻɱ
ģ

ȻİɣײԼǰַ֣϶ҲǼҵ鷳
ЦԭǻѲ˹ϵû޹ˡ
ֻǵĶýĴѹݶѡ
ڽ˵ĶȻԼȥˡ

ҶɱҪǣȻһ޴ĺͬʱһᣬˣ
ãȻĵͷͿڵƬ
ģе롣

Ĳ룬ۼˣҡǵľ˲һշ
˾İ¸˹ֻƮƮһצӣŪ˼ˣڿĻȫһӵ״̬צӻһ޴Ŀռѷ죬Žľͽȥˡ
濴ŵ
Χ£Ļף

Ǳ鲼˼صģȫûżأһǿõģԿ˭
ϵ֮Ӿе飬нĵϵʽһ绰ȥС㣿ֻޡ
绰ʱ򣬽ѾصǣҵһѨУֻҪһźﶼԽӵ绰֮ͨͿһãȻλõı顣

Īŵ˵ĽĻе㲻˼һǸֻǾ۸ˣɱǼɱҵġ

ǿǿһģҲǵʱͿ˵ģ˲Ҳȥ

SSˡðɣҲֻܺޱȡ
ϲߣҲȥҲȥġİ˳һ䡣
ǲǩһЭ飬ڡġ

áĵϣˣļһæѻĵأũЩҪ𣿡
Ұ㱨˵ط⣬ﻹҪСĵġ
ıʾ֪ˣȹ˵绰²Ǿİ¸˹񡭡һצӼ⣺ߣǻȥ˺öֲǻȥֵء

Žģɾ֮˵ͺͰ¸˹̫ˣһ
ѽһԣǶϲı´ǮҸ򡣡
¸˹񣺡ûʲôʶɱӦżʱģǰ׼ɣ

ôһʱ䣬¸˹ȻĿ˿ֻȻ˻Ȼ˻ΣϷˡ̹⣿
̹ɢԭسһ׳ļ룬֦ҶƳɵģ¸˹ܵϢȻ΢ȴ೤ӦûΣա
ǾŰɡ

һؾ¡
·ܶ࣬ȵ¼ҳװˣҲŻѾȷϽֲˮãͨЭ顣
û˽ȡһֹȥũϵͳɴཫЩѾ첻ܷŵˮ߲ȥ

һõĵȻǺ֮ǰһ۸Ϊˮ߲ˣڶѾкܶˣԽԽֵ࣬ĶҲԽ࣬ھһоǮҪܳˡ
ͨѶ˵¸˹ǰ¸˹Դ˲⣬ֻǶŽıɵǸ롣
С㻹ûг𣿡Ҳ˼һǣпû뵽С㷵ȻǷֲ

¸˹žĹ˵绰
Ǽ룬Ҳ˿
Ҷϵ绰ϰߣȥоֵЩôֵģȡּȥ

˵绰֮İ¸˹ؾģԼ֮£ۺƽȡ
ֻǺȻ֮䣬ϸ΢ǲ¸˹һС̧ŵµļ롣
ηӨɫĹ⣬âܵõİ¸˹ȫԿѿĿӡ

ѹˣ
¸˹ãȻż˯ˡ
ѷԽԽ󣬰¸˹ȫҶֱѿҲֳ

ԭɫͷīɫŮ۾գͷɢϣס˴壬ɻܿɢİ𪼡
ȵȣ·أ
ֻȻֻȫڿ

¸񣿡Ůë۾ҲīɫãȻ
¸˹˲ۡ
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֣ð¸˹վվ֪ﲻԡ
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ٶȸԼһ·оҲеȣҪ¸˹񣬾Ͷϰ¸˹˫ƽʱɫĽ

һ룬¸˹һצһӣ˻ġ
ǽĵһ¸˹
޽ԼԸ

ԼãȻΪʲô
Ӧҡɫͫսܸܵȳ˺£Լ

֮ǰһ
һ˰ġ

ĺȻЦˣ¸𣿡
ǡ֪ίֱӦӦ𣿡

ҴӦ㡣




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ºĽĵһϢͰ¸˹һ, ϢըԴһ˲
ϸһ룬ʵԤ׵ģϾ˶ԶԷ, Աһ¶˵̬Ⱦܿ
ǰ¸˹, ľһġ

֮¶Цϲ
ȴѾʼСôˣôˣ
һзչ, ΪͰ¸˹ڣֵĺܶ޷ڲ꣬ҿͨһרЩ, ڳɹܺ, Ҳ׬˲ǮһѾ, ڶҷ¸࣬Ҳ½½ˣԳһƽԭ֮, һȥһƵƽԭҲˡϸͽ˵µı仯

̲סпʱռˡ
ǶְһܼңȻȫûֽš
Щûҵ, Ҫȥһ£˹о, Ǯˣȸ޽, һЩ򵥵оǻܹġϷ˲ٿ˹˵кܶоʱҪģҪڵĲϾٺܶ࣬Ŷˣȵ¼һ˹, ˵ǵݺˡ

ȵ¼ҵ˺ûϵˣ㴦ͺá˵ȵ¼ң̬Ⱥ䵭ôôҲȥɡ
ʡ֡
ȵ¼ӣȥҲò˺á
֮ǰաԭʱľͶȵ¼ҵӡ󲻺ãѪ֮һУ֪ԭҲ֮󣬽ľ͸ˡ

⻹ҪӽĵĸǱ˵
ĵĸǱߡǸ壬浽ʲôӽڻûôףũϵͳĸףĸģƷڱ׷ɱʱҲȷʵһ˲һ˲һ
Ȼ㹻Ա֮ϵͳְ˻

ϵͳʵһũϵͳֻΪϵͳ֮·ʺֳŻũϵͳ
ڸտʼ䲻ںϣֻꡪ˵ĥû
Ϊʲôһô֣

˹оҲɣҲǿޱǣջ˼ЩȥУ׼ɽΧֹʱң˳ǿԼֹ
ʣǿ
ҲԣҶһ

ۿĺʼ뵽Уŵİ¸˹򴽣쬵ϴ
ȻоΣյ
̧ͷͿ¸˹

񡭡СڲȷϹϵ֮ǰĺ񻹴ڻУ
ȻʶԼ˴ݵһǸС㣬ʣµһʱҲ˵꣬ҷͨѶϣ㵽ʱ򿴣ȻȥԵ㶫ɡ
áҲһʱ

¸˹Ŀ뿪ûάֶãΪܻȥԼֵһƬȥоȡȥˡ
¸˹񣺡
ֱӰһԲСľߡ

ȻյĽģ¸ôˣ
ҪԶ¸˹ŽģҪ
¸˹һѣĲŸоԼȷʵеˣҲ˵ǶڲԼУȻʱҲû£ǿ϶ǳ˸á

ŪЩϾͳԡ˵㿴û°һûµġ
С¸˹ѽİϣȻһ֣һŲݮɹһ˫͸Žɫ۶ŽģҪЩ

ˣʶȷʵ貹Ķӽһ
ãҳȥôŵĸо棬˸ݮһڣһι¸˹񣺡ôãҲһֱûгԶɣһԣ
¸˹ȥӵģǺȻһֻ죬Žĵֳԡ

ҵȽǸݮ꣬Ƚһ˸ƮڰյĲݮݵߡ
û뵽ᱻ¸˹ͶιһȻҧһڡ
ȻͿ¸˹񴽽΢΢

ЦܺÿӦöЦЦġ˵
ÿ¸˹ǲƽŬ˵Ц˭ܿԺ׼㿴
ѽǰ

ֲ֧Цιһڣҵҡ
¸˹úﲻԣǿЦôģӦûﲻ԰ɣ

˻ͶιʼĲݮϣнĺµѣȵ˵㱥еʱѾˡ
ǴԵϣ
̲סԼӣôܳôࣿ

š¸˹Ȼ㶼ûˡ
¸˹ĶӣԱ𣿡
ףָУи

ָ̫ã̲סѣȻ־ͱץסˣ¸˹۾֪ʲôʱ˽ɫŽģҪ
ĪԼ۸СĸоƫƫȤζͷս˵㣬ʣҪ
ս֮󣬽ľܿ¸˹Ķˡ

̲סִ˴Ķ⡣
¸˹һԴϺȻĳǣģ
˵ʵ¸˹ͷϵǱָɾӵʱС˺ܶ࣬ɰ־¡
ûסˡ

¸˹ƺһؿڼһѽȦסҶǾзڣ죬ڲʧɣ
ѵ¸˹˵ôһλǾȣȷӦ¸˹˵ʲô
ѵƮһ£һеҪɿҰɡ

𶯡¸˹۾Ѿ˰ɫƽз·ѹŷ籩
ֱĽĲˣܾĻʲô鷢ˡ
ðΣ¸˹۾ڻָɺɫĳʱ䱣һƶ巢ˣ¸˹ɴͱ˷䡣

ţ¸˹ķ䡣
ȻһƱӣȥš
ǽû뵽ģΪԼ˯ţûƽ
ľۣҪһ㡣˺ܾãٵȥˡ



ԭûʱһжಽ죬֮Ҳ˲Ͷѣﶼ˳Ȼ󽫵һռָԽԽˡ
ϵ˺ܶ඼ط޷ȥģǱšˡ뷨ġ
ֻǵϴһʱ֮Ǿ֪ϵĴȷʵͦá

С㣬ں֪ܶϵ˿Ա۹ˮ߲ˣһȨв˶
ķչԤ֮УĬϵģ赣ǹ֮ǵϢ𽥷ųȥϾϡȱ߼˲š
ԴˣĽȫȨ鷳һ㣬ɸѡһЩˡǵҲʱˣԶһЩеҪÿԼȥ֡

֮ǰûûеʵΪ
ǵģΪ
ӦһֵҲͦõģÿԿǸϤֲʽϸ۲죬Ҫȫе

ڼȻǮˣȻҲҪճˡ
Ӧ

ǵ鵹ǺܽежţлͰ¸˹ţϰ¸˹񵱳ŭŽĻʱŵ˵۹ˣ뵽ʮǰ飬Ҳ¸˹ŭ
Ҫ֪ǰ¸˹ǿʵǼɵڰ¸˹ӷֿ˺ʱգڶصǵǼɵ
һ£ǰŭ¸˹񣬺Ű¸˹ʹȥ

̫˺ˣ

ϵ飬ֵµһЩæϱľͲ׼ֻ뽨ũѣܵ˵ǱȽɵġ
һĽ鶼˽Ȼĳһ죬Ȼͽ˵Ҫȥˡ
˺ˣʡ

ºͣСŬֲҵҲ˲ҩѾˡ
ȥɡϴЦõģвĵطԻңð¸

Ѿ֪¸˹ʮǰ۹˵ʧЦأãһᾡʱҪСˡ
ࡣʣ׼ߣ
ɡ΢Цϣһʱ򣬿ԿСͰ¸˹Ļ񡣡

ģ
˸ݮҲҸʱ׼
һһݺġŵ

Ȼͽһֿѵûнĵʱ򿴵˰¸˹񣬲Ұ¸˹е֣
ɻ󣺡¸˹𣿡
¸˹䵭һƬƴĺɫƬ
Ȼĵ

Ȼ¸˹ֻ˵һ仰˵ˣԭأһͷȻðᡭղŰ¸˹ͽĵĶԻҪ飿

ܾԼµ࣬ҡͷ˿еƬ

ûǣ¸˹Žһȥ֮ǰ˼ƬƬϣȻЩ͵͵ǵһ˻ȥˣº˸ûá
ԡӦǸɱɣ
ȻԼǿԵģôǰ¸˹һƬ⡭ðɣȻͽĽ顣



һȥ£֮ˣۻ¸˹񣬲ڰ¸˹ĬŵЦŶԽ˵ѡˣʲôʱٰ񣿡
Ŀ˿ٻͷİ¸˹ûסЦͽͰ¸ˡ
áһǰ¸˹Ӧġ

Խĵ鿴úҪ¸˹񿴵øҪǰ¸˹ľ鲻㡪ָʲôٰľ顪Դ󲿷黹ŵġ
¸˹ֻһϸ֣ǽĵĻɴ
ṩĻɴʽѡһ֣¸˹ȥɴȥˡ

һصģһжźãӦ˶֮Ϳ˰¸˹óĻɴ
Ҫ˵ɣɴȷʵͦÿģҲܾ£òƲҲܺá
ɴǺɫġ

ǵģǺɫ
ڿɴʱؿڣŬ¶ò΢Цɴһ㶼ǰɫ
¸˹˰Σתȥҽˡ

ʵҲɫĻɴˣܿ˰¸˹˼Ǻܺɫõɫһ׻ɴôôһ·
ɴʲôģƯҺϲ
ۡ¸˹˵ɴǰɫ

ϲҾʹĽӹɴлл㡣
ˣҳԹˡ

һȻ˲࣬ǺǾ£Ѳ࣬¶һĵ۹Ǹ¶һģеҲյ룬ʣ»϶ԱԼĸ
Ȼ࣬ǻְ
䵱˾ǣ¶ǰҪͯС۷ꡣ

С㣬ǷԸΪ¸˹ӣۡŴʡ
Цۿ¸˹񣺡Ը⡣
¸˹֣¸˹̣Ը⡣


Ȼأƽͣףλͷϣӡ
ֱӵݸ¶ǣ¶գգۣС㣬ϣԺ˳졣

ӹܵ¸˹񶢵¶̲סЦһ£棺һҪҸ
ҿ϶ҸΪа¸񡣡ס˰¸˹֣¶Ǿͷְ¸˹Ϣ˲

һһҲ֪˭ȿʼŵ壬¶Ҳźһ
ΣҪ˵ǰȴһˣȻ󡭡һźÿŴ󣬴ϴС
˺󱳺Ȼ޴һһϮ̨ʧˣ

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