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 1 


ɽţŲʣۣȻѣθһϮһ̲סſڴرŻˡ
ڣһ˿
ۣһ˫ɫЬӳЬӽ±ʢľջϧŪˡ
оЩ֣˲䱻ڰɵˡ
Ŀ֮ȫǹɫҾߣһԺڸ߼ϣɢŻɫ⣬֧ժϺȻŴϲ֣ɵõͷԼֻϹһб£ؿ¸ŴԼɼƣ˼ۣƬ̺ۣһɡ
ļԺɲʧ飬ų׹䣬󣬺ݺײϵ档
ˣǰһоͲˡˣӦܵظֻΪλǻ鷿
˼ڤ䣬һźбɫϸȹĹŶ룬ʮӣˣһЦС㣬ˡ
еɣ֪νӻѵԼŮ
⡭󻹻ɡˡˡ
Ůûע⵽ķŴǰһתＸ䣬ĸСѾͷ룬ͷĬĬ£ֹȷæҡ
զִ֪࣬һ˶ϡ֮ǰʮ꣬һҵͱϰ๷챻ϰѹեĩҪĸϴȥסǿ಻ԡ
ˣȴøˡ֡Ŀӡ
һŰٿʻ
ںܿʰϣСѾͷ˳ֻʣµһŮ
С㣬ˮѷźãԡˡŮЦ棬ϲģ˵ǰվֽĿӡ
һ򣬶һߣΪĿŶԷ
һİ˸ԼӣҲ̫Ťˡ
ǸãԼ㡭ԳȥˡΡ
Ůԣ¶´С㣬ôˣﲻ
Ťǣֻǲϰ߱˿ϴ衣
Ůһɻ󣬵ǣСҷСԡġ˵Сһ壬Īί·ֵĻᡣ
Щ쳹ɵˡ
С󣡴СҲ˵ԼŮһ𳤴
ѽԼʶĴС
еĲСһ飬óһۡ
ǾǣԽˡ
ŮίЩ޴롣
ܿ죬Ůһ֣С㣬ԡɣˮˡ
һסСŮҪ룬Ҳ˯ѣۣججܶǲ˵Ƶģܻ˵߹۲ŮķӦû죬һתƶǣҼǵ㣬ӡˡ
СŮԣ۾һ죬޳ңûչ˺С㣬С̨ס˵Ž뻳ĸһ
Щ飬˼ҹôŷ˼ҵĻ
ôĹҲţŮûɣ
ѹĵʣĬĬԣŮ
һյ蹦Ůֹסˣһְӡ
Σپܾ
ˣΣ/ŽԡͰŮʣˮͰڣܿˮ뵡
С̽СŮܸҽҵ˵Ҿͼǵˡ
Ůûģһ߰꣬һ渵ؽǰ¡
˵䣬ͷԭ걾ҼˣҵŮ걾﷢飬ȴһ
걾ݸ˸Դ˵һЩ顣
ܿ죬ָԼıǼ⣬ŵʲôҽ죬ʮ꣬ճɻ顣ҪϢˣȻԽʮŮϣֲͬ֡ŮԴСŮһǱͷԭôС
Գ˼Ҳʮѽˣֻʮĵ֪Ϊѹĸϴں䣬˼һȣȷʵϵġ
һȦٿ̴ϴĺϲ֣ͻȻͻˣҲѵˣҲȴһ׮¡
ջ˼һɣĪ
걾״Щԥǲ̣Ƭ̺СС㣬ڸϴ꣬ҷϢ
ԣɴ۾˼˵ʲôɲڣûɣ˭ݵãӻ顣
걾˫۷졣
첻еֺЦѾͷǵɵĲѿʧ䡣
걾˵סеϲãûûɣͲöջΪ·Ȼ岻ģʹȴʵġʮ䣬ëû룬ҪģûɣͲỳУ͹ŴҽˮƽһһҪֵܼĿ/ء
걾̧ûôѹ䲻̣һһʮĽһ飬ǿ⣬²һʱ޷ϻء
ˣʲô޷˳ǽڣһ򲽽ϲҲƳٻ£ôȱϯ걾һʲô
ʱ򣬹һԼӵĺԱǵһҪ£ȷһ˵
걾ǺʱԷ
걾һѾˡ˵꣬ԡͰ
ʰ׵˳걾İãؾصμ£СܿˣһһڷľԲϡ
ɵþ̾ʳˮƽ̫ˡ
һв֣ɫζȫҪǣԭ϶лʳġ
װõĲ;ߣȫմɣ׵ȥҪƵġӹ걾ϵĿӣ룬ԭʼʳˢˢˢߵӸͣ
С㣬㡣걾Ц˵ŵһϺ輦Ƥ
һڣȻỬۣ¿ɿڡ
Ҫ˵һ̧ͷע⵽걾һֱվţˣʱб˵ֻվźӵķݡ
걾ϰΪȴܲζķͻȻˡ
ڰ֣ʾ걾һԡ
걾ȴΪֻ΢Цҡҡͷ
ʳ£Լ֣һѲ裬ԹԵĺ
걾һģ̣Ѿ
ɤӣǰҲܣڿʼû˵£ͬһԷƽȴһ˿ɡ
걾ĬЦ֪СңֻǣϹء֪ʧ䣬ĩˣֲ䣺б𣬲ͬʳ
üҵŮǲӦҵģ
걾šһͷ
һšһһ䣬ݷ
걾ɵˣⲻϹء⻰˵ôƻˡ
üǾ˵㲻ҵˣ
걾˼Ƭ̣⣬ȻͬϯԷϹأӻҪţԥһϥбεϣӣ˹˹ĵس
ĵͷͶ
ź󣬻صңϲ裬һڣüɽѩѿǰĪĶ裬ȴճ
ʱһСէĵ֮С
ɫȴû˿⣬µĻµݣһже棬޲ܵϣ˵Ǻģ
걾״ɢСÿûѹʧ䣬ǻһˣܵȾҲ˷һûһŸȤ¡
ϣЦ걾ҽ⸮¡ν֪֪ˣսȰǰ״
š걾һڣͷͷʵҶҲ֪֮٣ͷһ븮Ҹ˵˵¡
조šһεĶҪԼˡ
ûãȻһˮ͵ҡҺ͹ݵãʲôòᱻżˡ
걾ѽӦʧķ룬ʼ͡
ԭأʱɲڼһȥһֻ˶Ĺϴ컨ֵܱųͷȥӭȢһá
ôֵҾϰˣ뷴ɶ걾峺ӵ˵̾ôӲѹȥֻǺĶһ䣺ôֻѼأһڣ뵽ĳְҵ̲סЦ
걾һĪȴûء
ôù붴أ
걾룬ҡҡͷû˵
أ
ɱˡ
ɱˣ
걾Ͳˣһʱᣬȷʵɱɡ
һιЦ
ҹӣŹǷţԼԼһһĻЦʱʱ̾ҡҡͷ̲ס̾Ϣҹӵ¸ôģСС;Ȼأһˡ

 2 


ǰףԺѾͷæµ
£Ժڣ˯ŵƺỽԼƤҲ,ԵԵ˸űӼ˯
˭֪ģûû˵ģб꣬ۿűɥأ̸ȣ
ȵȣŴŴôôϤۣһӾͶ걾޺СǺã
յԴ˯ͿˣںδæЦ걾ˣô˯
걾ɻһֵĻʲôȣ
ӷʣЦӯӯһΰݼٲá
ⲻǶʮһͣǹŴһ죬˯ҪЦģںǣߵˣͲˡ
ҪǣûԼ״һСģʲôģͿˣųȥ䳤ʶأ
һ룬ˣ˯ҲԶˡ
ǰ㣬걾ŵＸ䣬СѾͷ룬ûǰϹϾĵϥأ̸߸߾
һӣ˴ĹǰʵΪ飬ڣؼ١ػһΣ̵Ĳſʼ١
ǰһΣ걾ȡһֻ͸ˮװˮ׿ʣӹڣ漴ڵĴ
СѾͷ˵һߡţǰͬƹأ˵Ҳ֣췴ûôųˣȻһ޴ëΧǰȻǷֹϴϴŪʪ·
ǰͭ裬ϸϴ˰걾֣ɿǰëһϴǽˡ
СѾͷһ˳⡣
Ǵװ磬ǰģһϸŮչǰԼ
ɵϸϸһŰƴСϸϸ׵ģûжྪޣʤ㣬ˮܽء
£ЦˣȻСû죬£Ц̣һ׸ⶼûУɱԭԼ
Уӱҵʼһҹϳ׸⣬һţ죬ΪӣȫƾһţÿλصҶ۸
²ס
Ĺ걾Ѿ·ɫٻӣʯɫưȹ򵥴󷽣ʧׯĸģ
걾Ѿͷ̫û뵽ԡ
ܿʹˣһŷ֬Ůף걾ļ£ޣ͸һġ
̾һһ;֮ͬУװͶʮһһ·ʮŮӣϲĳԸУһЩŮӣŮС
ΪߣϧഺʮŨױĨ
걾ϵױҲϲ󲻱ˡ˵һϲá
ѰѺ촽õ걾΢㶣ɻ¸ҪװһЩȡԼķ㣬ûɷ̣ҲԸչʾñСȥ
ȻӲϲվǣϲҪ
漴֤Ҽסˡ˵꣬æ׹٣ӵĹѵױݡ
ʱԺﴫʻ걾ףʱˣһֻǶϾΣӷ٣´һ׵ˡ
ԺһѾͷӣƺƵԺȥ
·ϣܱߣסԺλ࣬һţӣ͸֣ԼԼԿԺ䡣ߣƹһӰڣһϱͨǰǹݣ磬һձڵסߣӦԺݣǵĸˣҲĸס
ܿ죬һƹձڣԺǰ걾֮ǰĸˮŮպ⣬һ˳ȫɵĵͷ˵һ䣬࿴һۡ
ЩЩֹ֪߻
ԥ䣬ͷͻȻ飬衣
̧ͷӦУſ˵ģ˵ĸʮ꣬һ˫ۣҺܳΪˣüëĸҪ쵽
£ϱҳ ˿ڡ
ЦӦǡ걾İʾ£׵һ¡
Ŷ˵˵ԭ⣬ֻҪ˲ڣư͵ס
ܿһˮߵǰĿһۣ׵ˣò衣
һɹе֪ΪΣе㲻ʡ
ӹˮл㡣
΢΢һ㶣ȥ
Ƴһ۲豭죬УжȱҪʱңίԼ
ѹеĲʣ΢Цлĸ׹ػڸУԺ裬һӦȫ˵ţһȺףлλܼҽ㡣˵һЩӦû⣬Ͼ˭ϲС
ȻһǫЦ׷׿¸ˡ
ּտڲԣĻǽʾ֭ģ˵±˿ߡ
ߵˣϵϣССûһ֮ˡֿڣۣһҳģ
ǵ˵ôίһϢĸײģֱá
ôɣΪĸûЭ֮ˡ
һЦӯӯлĸףĶϱǰϱĸ֡
˭֪˻һתǰָŵһֵ/̳Ѿͷˬģһ֮
е ˬȷʵɰֲ߻֮㣬⡣
ģ⡭Ѹתʲô
걾һ겻ģŮˣԼС檰ȷе˵Ǹ¡
˵ͼ
һ鱻ĸоûиոǷݣûǷݣʧ
¶Ц⣬ûǴӽŵڣһ¶Ц
ĨЦ˿̺Ǵ̵ۣ췴θѪҺӿܣ֣걾˶һ²ؼпЦζ
һȺЦصĶڰ˴ѹ
ǲӦǹһء
ֻ״ӦǸһ۵ӡڸ㣬һֻèͷʺ
ԿٵתһȦһȦͻȻעˡ
ݼҲϱϷ룬Ҳᡣ
һģСĸ׸ˣмֻǳǰг߸֪޴ӷ򡯣ʱ̲ڼң첻ȷᡣòϻۣˣȻϲ֮
˵̾һǰ֣ŴŴ㣬˵أ
ǳ˳ˡ
˭֪˾Ƭ̺󻺻ڣˣȥɣҲˡ
첻⣬ղǷûв֮ûǿӲľܾ£ֻΪӣµ˦ȥѣǹˣĸ̸ܣ£Ժô󣬶һҲӰ첻û뵽˾ŭˡ
ԷˣֻͣС˳Ҫż屧ʱϢ㲻밲ТĲС
⻰һ䣬ӵ˲һ£ĸȴϱǰ̷ôô֣ǡǶϱܲ
֪ǵˣԷҪѿѡֶֻΣԸʮһͶŮԣɱЩ˼ɣûС
̷֮ãɨһȦӣĸ׽̻塣˵꣬ȹڣͦضȥһĿɿڴ

 3 


ŴĸùϵȸɷùϵҪһТ˱ޣǣҪޣͱȡĸͬ⡣ԣŻϱĸǰأʾ֭ĸġ
ڵãһսŵ¸Ȼĸܾ̣һ£˾һ仰Ҳ˵
걾ŵĻð亹鼱֮£˹أæס죬ͷֵ̿ĵ״Ϸ÷ǰ̷ȫһƬТġ
ЦһĿ
ˢˢ죬ë
Ŷԭǵͷء
װ棬װɵ˭ᣬŤͷƻȻ򣬵걾ݺ˵ĸ۰Ұˣŵǲӣ񲻹ĸһƬ⡣
˵꣬ˣɵɵһЦס걾ȥ
Ͷ˱Ӱʧձڴӵһʱ֪˵ʲôã¸Ĺ룬ȴ⣬ððʧʧĸµˡΪةฮŮżҲ׽ⲻТ˳ȥҲ
˿̣ӲһңȲ򿪺⣬ȻһŴƱֶβզֻͦµģܵˡ
Ļŭţз⣬ϲ֮ε
걾ΪոһĻĵصĿ죬ּۣС㣬Ϸ˲ϲҪ뷨ĲУô
Ŷһ쳶ǣȤ㲻Ƴϲҡ
걾죬Ȼܿó¸һΰݼŵϲֱӸӣ΢˼ңһΡ⽫˲ӴˣҪңǹ֡
ԽԽΪӸеϽΪһ£ʶӲù֮ǰĴ룬ùѫ֮ң𱰣ϵĹӦùȥ񣬲òϣʵ̫ϵĻ÷ܡ
˼ңүȴ뾡취СС¶֮ǰԣϽסڳɣżңٽرֻβؾְС㱾Ǽѣĸ˺Ѱ
һľһţǳͨһ㣬걾һú÷һͷ
.ߴƱջأЦһҡͷǸɵѾͷ
걾Ϊţæ˵ģԺ˭۸ƴ
ɵѾͷʲôƴƴģңԺĺġ
걾ͷ֪ĻԼոǷ
լ̫ûã͹֡֡ĸӣãٲҵͷˡ
ţŽ괹˿ģһĵ걾ҾûУֶߵģŨġ
걾һⷿӦУСʲô
ȥȡһЩ
걾һ㶣Ҫʲô䲻⣬ǰԸȥȡ
صڣˮＸգЩͷɷ򿿲סĸϲӹƲöԸԴУڣΪԼ㱾Ǯ
ȺȹˮĿڸϣ۳˼ղ걾ȥȡҾƣͻȻ뵽һ£Ͽһ˴ԽŴʲôȽϸ߼ֻסһǾҾƾ
֪Ψһ˼ڤΣЩ˼·
֨ѽһűƿ걾Ҿƻˡ
ĵͷ걾æˡ
ԭҪ걾һڿⷿʱ򣬶Ϲֵܼˣ֪ҪǸʲôΪˣһ·һֱŸôȰ衣
˿Ȼˣܼһˡ
ɫ磬ûٵ飬˵ɾ͸ɡСڿòҲ׼Ȼߣڣæµ
ֱģH֮أΪմȣȴֲǰȫʵʵԶ
ʱһζʱСյűƿֻ˴Ц߳һֱһֻСƿӣǹŹ֡
ǰ̽ͷʣС㣬ʲô
˻СƿӣҽѷĹŴɲǱؼʱǿԾġӰѾ࣬˵ԺԳΪʱ
æµӹɿ죬֪䣬ԺڵĺʢԶԶȥһƬһ֮СַΧ£ѾȫڵľƾϣֻûãŸҾһգòһʵ⣬ƾ̫İ׾ˣֹҪǮͺˡ
걾ԣЦãҵĴС㣬Ǯ˵ŴһԿףشһֻľӣȡһ̴ϻӣǰ
ӹϻӴ򿪣ļҵ۷⣬ˮ
ƱÿŶʮšǺڳǶʮ걾һ˵żױһһ㶵ģƱӡʱӲˣˣҾƵ²ֵһᡣȻע⡣
ǮеģȥӻӻֶԲסԼġ
תת治ɫ걾ȥ𡣡լŮˣŲף뵽ֻӣҲ֪鲻顣
걾룬£Զ¡иķСϲȥ¡
ȥ£٣Ը顣һ˵
ƺЩ걾æӣӴ£ǲ˸֪ˡ
û뵽취ô飬걾ûɣ˶û顣
Ͷ˵ڶճ֮¡
һ磬û˯ʱһæµ걾һӳԺӡ
תţƳƳߣòװװӣȥ˵лϾ˼ûΪš
һ˹Ժǰſڣֻޱ飬Ϸ岻ʣδ˲ؽȥֻܰĽǡ
Ʋ죬ۿ췭ˣѾͷٻһף¯档£øһƽϣӿ䣬ת뿪
˽ţ޳ѵȺʱһ˰Ⱥ¶ճеĿġ
ֱߵİó·걾ĿɿڴУٻϡɫ䵹˺ܾòҳģʮֺӦʱ
걾񣬰˰տյİһʱšǵãŵǽõĻƶнַŽȥģȴһӴϡ
첻˼ĺٺһЦ͵͵ģ㣬¶˵ֶ꣬纷
Ҫʲô걾⣬СС㣬Ҫ
͵͵ؼһˣҪ¡ѹװصӡ
˭֪һǣＸ䣬ӻһۣһҶˡģ
⡭
װŪĺЩ˲ˣһ֪ӣΪĸصģѵвɸ˵Ļܡ
ʱԴִˡ
ֻһԵ㣬ɲϸʲô֯Ӷ೩죬Ǿɶ
ԥһֱ̨ĸо
ܿ뿪ˣѳⲻ׵Ľڣһ£ûȥһ˴ڻֶΪ
ܿ죬ͣһƧСͨĹӸ³ԯ˽ǰǴ˴ϡ˵ﳤȥ

 4 


ɫĽֵƹݡ¥̡ӦоУɿʯ·ϣͷܶС̷ߺȸͣԶһȦΧſӼʱһȲ
˳˼СҲ֪һ֡
ʱ仹磬սһľͬĿĵĻţû߼ͻȻðһȺŨױĨĹĻ֦չ״ΪŮӼ״ЦǰнһٯϸλӺΣūҸ㳪ɺã
ŮߴߴһƬͣЦģǧ˰̬
̧ͷǧ¥ҺȻ¥ǰԭֳˣһǰһ⣬磬ȺĹһǧ¥ﱼȥ
ȻҪʶǱͷƹź
ţһٷζ˱ǶŮЦ˷Զ̨ϣȵĹ裬֣ͣ賤䣬ϸϸ֫ҡڣرµļ֡
ȻǸԵطˡ
վƮǰǻЦеŹͷģĹòһ⡣˵ŽŵĹǰ
ūҸӼˡ̬һ㣬ģһ۸һĳ嶯ϧ첻ˣȻȷʵ԰ѿء
һǿװӣֱ̤쳾ĸ֣Ｋ
Էԣߴĵͷһģ
컰һתҽֻãùź򡣡 ˵ŰһƱ
¶һ˿ʧȴҾʶȤ˻
ƳһеƱӣɫͷ˹ǧ󡣡
Ŷԭˡ
춨񣬲Ϊ⣬ָ̡˵һƱӵݸ𱡣
úúá߬ƱӣϲЦտŽС˸λ뵽żȥ
Сˣ¥һӣƿţһŮӣ΢΢ףˡ
ŮһϼɫӣɫȹǶׯûһ˿쳾Ϣ
ŵ£޵˽㳬Ȼ鴫
˻ҲȫǹάƬǰŮӻ᲻Ůһ㣬ﲨͶͱ˭֪³ʵ⡣
˲ӣޡ
˸߽Ůӣ첻Ҷ໰ΨһȦæ˽㣬ʼɡ˵ֱ𼹱ڳһģ
˿ǰӣ𪿡Σߣһ˫ģ͸һͨ龢
ܾû峺˼ˣȡãһסѩָƮ
죬¡
ܿС
֪˼ʱͻȻ죬΢΢üЩ졣
ֲ֣æվЦĪūȥ˵ãſȥ
ڰţܿЩ⣬û飬ɼ˸ƣűۡ
Ȼš֨ѽһ򿪣ûˣֻһ棬һźӰܵǰʶҪУԷȴᣬһס졣ʱ͵ȥˡײα۵ֱðᡣ
һ٣ǯ΢΢ɿһֻȴļ磬á
쵹һͽˡ
ˡ³֣治ϲŭ
ɵĵͷ
˼ʶ֣࣬Žݣһȥ㳷ϵɽ
סû뵽ɷĴͽȻһǵĿȻһҹ£ȴ˿ûеסķòһ˫ˮŵ⣬΢̣ǹ˿
ʲôֵ
¡͵˫۾Ͱ͵㡭ʲô
˾Ȼʵ¶İӡ
ɽգҪȵס
йŮһңʲôòᡭµȺð
ԷûлӦңתܡ
˭֪ϵͼ˿ײȥ
ɵۣܲװҲװȥˣȻһֱǯסˡ
ε־ʹƴȥֻ֡
Ҫ
ͷ
ٴɿ֡
˭֪ûȴһζ֣ϰ뱧ѹڴϣԥһ˲һѳ
ͫ׽ңĲ²ⱻ֤ʵ
ӲˣԼˣ˳ŵ㣬ٳԿͷ
ɵİѹʱ岻ܿƵزݿ죬Ҳߵһͣ
һЩ⣬æ֣Ҳ㣬ֻڻҼɡΪʹţ֣ƵϣҲ΢΢ߣ
̫ºͣ΢΢񣺡ڻ㣿
һϷ̿͡
ƣˣȴҡͷҲᰡ
üͷ΢壬·˹
ϽͣҲĹ
˲죬Щ޴룬ɫ©һ˿Ϊѡ
ԥ䣬ءһű߿˳ұ
ɫһˡ˵꣬סĴ
ͷƤ飬˫߬סǣãȻʧߵľżܿ㱻촽ʹʵһǺ޼ɿԣѵۡ
ĳǣױ˶ȥ
ʵ͸ˣģ־屻
޿ֻ̣סԷΪںĹһŷĻ/
˱ͻݺ侪ס΢΢һͣܿ׹׿Ĵǣ򲱾
ŶˣɫһĻУŮźһ̫Ͷ룬ûз˿
ߺ޵һĭһ໰ˤŶȥ
ˤ󣬺ֹסһ漴´죬Ǹͻˡ
΢΢ָ⸧͵촽һ飬õ壬㡣
ڣһ£ʲô֮ʡ
Ҳסˣ뿪ڣȴ֪˵ʲô
ʧģĲްͻȻˣǣЩ⣬һ۸֮С
а֮ͽо֮磬챻ߵ߻һιλһȻһһĴ
һϸŷ֣󱳾ѪʺѪӡڰɫϣʮĿ
Ϸʣһתźˣλӣ㱳ˣҸһ£ɺã
ûתֻڰ֣·𲻵һ¡
ģ˵أʱȾ˾鷳ˡ
ﲻԹң
Сһ׮ֵһᡣ˵һȴܵ⣬˭ֵ˭һźջˮ°
Ǳ˵תǾ͹
һ֣ڨɹ

 5 


ҳһЩ򵥰ߣȻź˵棬˹شͳլ֮--ƾ
Ϊ˸׽Ѫˡ
ȴûķӦȻⱦ֮
ҫգЩΣһָָߣǶ
ޱ飬Ŵ¡
֮ϴ
һļޱչ¶ǰӼխӲʣɢ˶еϢ羮Ѩһ糤ĿðѪЩˡ
գգ۾һʱ޴֣ԥ䣬ƺŤͷһæϿʼ
šһû˵
񣬻ѧʱˤֱʱҽθġ˼Ƭ̣ҽʼҽִҵġ
˿ڲ׾ϴɾƵӣһ£ۡ
˵ͷ̫Ӧ
˸ۣУ㳤ʶȻһҧƾ˿ȥ
ñĸһЩɡ
ϵǣ˾ûзκξ
ѵʹ԰ʹģ⡰ˬζǳġ
вʣ͵һֻۣһͷðϸԭǲ̶ֻۣѡ
ֻسǣĪ˳
⡭ǲʧҽ£ҰҰǣԼǸĵˣ漴ﶯ࣬ܿ޴ĵϵһᡣ
׵ְƺ֮ǰš췢һһֱưȥ˼ˣϧӣɻ̫٣̫䣬Ĳˡ
ˣֻǿϧǵ
ºδ޷ݣһ֦
ţ̵ġ
ȻύŮͲά֣˴һǷʼʰߡ
ûʶȤ´Է˻ʵĵطӦø
Ь££ɢͷСƲ޺֮ţ˫°֧ڰϣĿȴڿУһҡһڣԡ
˼άԾ֮ܿ¸׵Ժ󣬽⣬˼ɫһһ任
ϵԶԶһۣüͷ΢塣
֪˶ã⡭һҵĽŲ˼л񣬿ˣȴһϺ޷Ӧ
ȴӿһֲõԤС
Ȼܿߵһοˣ˭֪һ޶ԣеգаˡ
䲻ȴһʶ˭ôأһΣʧࡣ
ƾһɺ֮˵ߵǰѧ֮ǰӣȥһѽƵӵ𾪣ѹȥ
˴㵵ڿв֪˫֣ʹЦ˱å۸УǲǵøƷ
ȴסȱƿųϵļžֳһԾŤͷ߾һλڣ˿ɳ
Ǵ̿;ͺá
СڴģǶƺŵ˽ˣ﷢Цͷһڵ٩һ档
᲻µС̣˻мܲס˲ǵͨ죬ĿİͰͶһ䡰ˣתƵ뿪ˣĩ˻Ϸš
ӵСڣƵóѵСֹЦֻЦЦţϼˣ֪ͷµӣһʱЩ㱣֪ںδ
ϣԼҲʣľƺɫǶʮ۾
ˣ˶ϡ
ҲЩ侲ֳһݸ
߬·´ҹţƬ̺סתڵĿźˣһ˿Ǹ⡣
һųģѵл
˵ãһᣬǵĸ죬Ͱ͵͡ˡˡ
ԣͷƺǡЦ
ӿһ⣬ԼǱȣΪ˵жǳҲǺõġһ˵ûæҲһﰵЦԽԽĻֱܣʵ޿̣ϵЦʲôʲôЦģ
һᣬЦ
û˵꣬һϣΪҲ֪ɵ㣬ܵ⣬ǲǣ
ᣡ嵨һ񣬱һӸϣЦ
ʶࡣ Ʋ߷߻ص޺ϡ
е죬̧ƿ֧ժһƮȥһдеĴ˶ǮһƬǿŷƵĽƽ
Ҳʼ˼
ոɵߵ΢һף׼ɱΪһţӦ֮١
ԽԽ޲ط졣
ָܿоͱŭ棬һո˵ϵȴûֹˣһǿɶ˼ˣ̲סݺݵһۡ
˴˼Ϻ޲ɮ붨쵽Ĳƺ⣬̧̾һȡ壬ǰݸ㡣
Ͼ˼⣬ˬ˵ĻֵǮֵֻǮȤ
һ㶣룬ͷֵǮ
Ǿͺá˳ֽ˹׽ڡ
˼״˼ʹ﷼
졣
һĨЦһĬĬ֣ʣסη
ңңңܸоԼʲôôҲ벻ҡ֣˲ඥԭǻؼˡ
ϰ£˳⣬ɫ̧žߣɵſڿϲԴȥš
ֲⲽ鵽˻ش𣬶ʱֿˡ
ٺһЦ칷ǰźһ񣬵ӣ·һÿɺá
˵ͷҪ˵ЩʲôֻǰŮѶ֮ƴ߳תԼϣһ°ڣһֻţһ䡰ڡ˾ʧſڡ
æ׷˳ȥŮһƵѷɳá
ſһ䣬һͣЩЦá
ܿӦһʧڴǰ·δ
Ϧ£ϻػϵ㣬걾˻𼱻ǣǰϻؽ
£Ժ棬˵ˡ
ֻͷһöףը⽹ѡ
걾⣬С˼Ľ֪үĴ㣬ǺεȵĻϲȴһɵÿѯʣС㣬ôˣ
š¡뵽ҹҪһİֲڵͬ亹ֱð
걾ЦСĪģضϧ㡣
.
Ѿͷ뵽ȥˣϹġ
һۣȴҷϣ¶ڣ˼һʣµҾ
ľսһգʵ벻⣬ˣƷ֮ߣҹ֮㹻ˣȰŪߣԺ󣬵Ժ˵ɡ
걾ȥǵСʣһЩҾƣţģСѾͷȥȡԼתֽݡ
ɻҪʣжһ壬ƴС
սϸƣֻʲͨ͸̷ӣų׹ӣӵġЩС㣬ģ
˸ġĲɣ⳶ź׹ӡ
˽ܡ걾ŵĽгӺõҪǱ֪ˣɲˡһ˼⣬ˣ˸¡
ϣûе걾ĥĲᡣģ걾ƶظ£ҪЩӡӣһĿĲݵģ
ҹɫ鷿˼ϣϽǰѾ̵֪Ϣ
˼üͷģˮݡ
Ͻصƥ
˼˼һӽ𣬱л͡˵ţѸдõܺŷ⣬ݸϽҹܵݸʥϡ
ŵϽӹţתʧҹɫС
æǰˣЩЪϢɡգԥ˷ĵһֱţ
ҹЪ鷿˲ôš˼ͻȻһ˿⡣
һûϵӷӦô󣬿Ų٣Ӳϲ·ˣ˲ðȺ˳⡣ôһС£ӲãԼʵ̫ǳûϲãϽ̡
գ˼˵Ϣɣܿ죬дԣᣬ̫ܵӴѹŻ⡣
Է׷ףڸ²֮ʣд鷿īƷ裬Ȼû·ϣȲҥҲʥ͡
ܶ˲ΪһѺоͰϹǲϰ
ӣЦһ£ܼһ̽
Ϲܳ̽һ£ûϣû뵽Ȼͬ̽ǿųĲһϣ
󣬱š
ûмǲ£Ժ
ȥ鷿ſ/˳û뿪ӣ΢ЦˣϹС̽Ϸд˵ˡ
еĪ˵лͣô˽ͽôˣôصصд鷿Ǳûô
걾ȻЩģС͵С㣬Ϲ뽫ԭлԼ֪ΪΣͻȻ͡
ɴ۾ָԼӣ˼ͻ˻ԼȢң
걾ͷ
ƼˣֲдԭԼ˻Լ˵ߡ
뵽ˣȱϯɣһˣͻȻȻˣЩȡԹñˣҲƲˡ
ģһͷɥģĩˣԸ걾ԺóԺúȵģ͵鷿ȥǧҪ͡
ûȥ̫ˡ
걾æԺѾͷӻӵķԸŸɫʳ𣬺ƺƵ鷿ȥ
һȺתȣֹϹС㾹鷿̨£Ǳ֮⣬걾ۼ⣬æֹסŲ

 6 


걾ͣ½ŲǰֻһԲӽŵ鷿ֳ߳һֻɫңݸϹС㣬ͷ˵˼䣬ǿڸԶ걾˵ʲôֻϹСڨڨģɫ̫ãƬ̲ȥ
һ˼ҡͷϹСӰʧµĳԲȥ
ˣˡ걾
ְڣࡣؾش
걾ĮݸһЦϹСôôˣǷĲ㣬һء
ƳһѾͷӣ˵˱лͣ˭
˵Ķԣ˭걾ͷͣȴֿ˻ϹСŶûȥѹɫôѿ
ãתȡһʲУɷ˵ԲЦˣ˵꣬ȶԷܾ첽ȥ
ϵһû뵽һܾԶȥٻӰոһĨЦ⣬ĽӶ

еʵѰһأһ㣬û죬ġ
գѰͬڳţǸ
ᳵ·һ˺˳˸
ٴδĸġ⡱ﵽϣʱ仹磬ȥˣ֮ǽɽձ걾߶䶼Ҫĥӣⶪ᲻ãӦֵǮ
Żŵ˾֣ԶΧһȺˣָָڿʲô֣߽һƣԭһλ꣬ʮģڣͷң̫ã
һȦǰͻȻһλ¹Ӵߡ
¾ƮƮѵһİ𪣬üĿȴܳȣֻһ˺СȴĿǣüͷ壬Ȼˡ
컹ûΣ¹һѽ걧𣬴󲽱ϵӡ㶵һĨף̾ѣǴԽ󣬵ڶУȲϵһλ˼ʤƣˣôô뷲ӡĿ׷ʧӰ̧ͷһϹŴҶдšá
ڣһҩֲ̣ҩİڰ̨ǰⲻһأæµĻƴʮ꣬вٴӺŽæǶ죬Ȼˡ
ȴûа¹ӵӰӣסһλѯʡ
ʵСƣʮ꣬ģһ˫۾ʮӣ飺ĳƹںԺ괦˿ڡ
찵Ц˵Ƶġ
Ȼ룬ȴСʮӣֱ̧׼һҾһһ۵Сӣܴȥô
˻ԼӣСƺٺһЦӣСھˡ
ʵϵСƣҲһ
Ϊ׽ˣСֵܣˡ
硣Сںһúܲ
Ӧˣ漴˶Цˡ
Сڴ촩̨ţû㵽˼е˳żеֱûԶһţڣƹһʯڣһľСԺչǰ
Ũʯϣһӻʢ׵Сҡҷ̴ľ顣һȺС飬ŷ㣬쵽ͥԺ룬¹Ӵ˿ǰĿ˼ϣĹӰúܳһĹ¼֮С
ĽŲǴһĿɨһ˿ʿСڡСڼ״ƹλ칫
칫ӣзͦ£Цû
һˣЦе칫ӣкιɣӶúܳһ˿
һ㶣·ոƮȻһĻǴԷʣ˵еģֻ˵أæ
Ȼţΰæ
Ȼεĺܺã컹ǲ׽еĲм뼥ЦǸ¹ӣͦ𣬲ϲ˿ֱ˵˸߾ˣôߵ̬ô¡
ѹķ̰ɷ˵Ĵͳƿ˿ѾȾǾƾܰæ
ŰɵĽӹƿǣһ£ֻɫȻǣʧӵƿӣǱ
̲סЦ
˲εۣʲôô
ƲƲ죺ǴҾģͿĨ˿ڴɱס
ЩҲסΪһҽʦҩ֪ܡֻ֪Ҿ˿ڻָЧãӦ˵û⡣ƾʲôʲôôһֶ
еƿӣ͵͵һۡ칫ӡɫƽ˵ѡ
صķգòƣȾʵ̫ˣѾ޲ߣֳɵҩţһԣɻҽ
ȰӷһߣٺŮװѾͷƬ
صڣǰ£Сƿ˿ȥһ˲Ȼǰ˫סֻۣ꣬ûǰ֪ʹⲻˣǰ֪ĻֻǰӾ־塣
˵׻Ǹӣ첻֪ô죬ֻܽıš
һԣеļıϾͺãϾͺá
û뵽ʹЩûڣһ죬뼥䣬ɿϸﰲο˵ģЩ𱸵ĻôҲ˵ڡ
ãƬֹ֮סɿȡͷ飬ǿ̵ᣬ̾Ҽǿĺӣһ῵ġ
꺬ͷ
վԱߣŤͷСڳһ̣ȥϢ
СûΪѵƹѾûжĴˣߣµǮ
û˵꣬ʹȥȺ㼷µ취
Сڴףֻǰȥꡣ
ˣֲСô࣬ԭƹǴƼҰǸ벻ĴƼҡȻе㿴ǻ»ϿɵģæСڣȡеƱݸ㣬ӦӦ
Сڽӹһ£˼ۣܵſڹϸϸһ飬磬û湻塣˵ܻߣһӵǵľǰ
ϲصģĪҲͻȻ뵽ʲôһ٣æĽȡ£ͳһö壬ݸСڣȥǮӦֵǮ
Се⣬µıֵܾ˺ж֡ӹǾϹҾдʣԺ׸磬ԸΪϵɽ»𺣡
Ƴ۳ƹ񣬲֪µ˵Ļθ롣
ûֻû˵ֻǶСе壬˼Ƭ̣Сڴ뿪⿪ڵ칫ӣ忴Ųۣ
ҵģۡ
˻ȣѵǼģ
һûĻش𣺡ʰôûƷô
֪е㲻ãֲľʹ˽⣬ӲͷƤǹͣҲҪúšǱ˵⡣
ǳ˳治ʶôľмˣô˵ˡ
ȻĲһӣпɮ
Ϊ˾ɮĽгҾ˹ˣ˾ͰңҺֵǮе˼Զ׼ǹͬǮģ֪ء
ȻѲ³߰˷֣תֻģĵ칫е
һۣʲôˣ֮ǰƣƷ߽࣬Ź˶ãͱǻײͣʮļ̣һƹ֪˵βȥǰãȹѡˣҲóԺĻ
һҭЦһݵĹ˼ʱһ龰òҲ㱻Ūһɣ˼ˣͻȻЩڴ
£һʵξˣ칫ָһ
ֲɵĵԲƻȻ̴ˣһԺӺӣ֮̾ѵǼ٣ūͯ׬档
˻һҭĳƹҲ˵
״òˣһӣһ䡰ڡȶԷӦѸˡ
ȳ뷴ԶԶȥıӰգСѾͷƬУǴˡ

 7 


鷿ڣ˼ɫأеƿϸϸĦšƿƾĶȷʵһҩ飬ҼЧ졣ҵλĹд·ӣҩھƹ㣬˲н١
ϽߵŶ룬˲ͷȺְֵȥǧ¥ˣ칫ӵһȥ˹á
˼˼Ƭ̣ڰ֣ˣȥ𴦴ɡ˵ֲ꣬һ䡰мǰдҪˡ
Ͻ˷ţһӾӭʣ
ʼ磬ŷŬŬ죬Ҫġ
ϽɻˣӴϴƳº󣬺ܳʱ䶼ξƲմʲô̲ס棬ʣƽˣ
̯̯֣֪˵žŶ롣
űĹӣüôȥôã
һæֹܼͣ˵Ҿȫȥˣҷҷ˽裬˭֪˽ճˣѾͷ˵Ǿֻ꣬ȥµĻ˵Ҿơ
˼žƹޣ¶ɫ˼Ƭ̣ӻ֣ʾⱱȥ

˼£Ժסţ첻һȥֻ̫˰˻ˡڣץƬģͣ裬󼸿ʽ֮ϣЩۣʹ˾˦Ьࡣ
ӹֶ̫ѣ۳ʱⲻС塣
ţ֪硣
֪˶ã˯з·˵ԺʵۣȻ걾˽ȥۻˣ˯
ԣһ鵯ȫѣԼѹûȥ϶ô
Ѳڣʱʱϴûõıҵĺܿ쾲ƾż䣬´²ŵҾơ
һݣӲŲ͹һڣʵ̫ˣʲȥ̶ΣƹޣԼͷȥ
⣬걾˵Ż˼ѾʧȥģĿĮǲǽԼ·
걾һƿԣֻ·
˼ƿţһŨصľüͷ壬ֱǡһƬ谵СѾͷæڵƣۣӦͻȻһȻ˹ȭͷҪֻȻһȻһͷ˫סţһţ˵ͣ
˼ɫһĲʡ£һǻŭ޴Ťͷ걾˵Ӻñ£Ҳñ¡
걾ŵæȥ
˼ȭͷ޻ĸоѹе񣬻һȦӣû֮˦ϵţǣȥ
տţϵţթʬһűӣ걾ˣҪԡ¡
걾ľȻ̧ͷȻǱŻˣһʱز
ǰЦ£ǲѲų²ߡ
걾Ƭ̣λߵſСѾͷ䣬ߵӸǰѾòſڣС㣬°ѽˡ
㣬ǶңֲȱһΡ쳶˳ǣԭѾʵ˲ݣأĿǰľԶˣۣȻҲۡ
걾ĵǣС㣬ǰϲѽ
ʳָָԼǼ⣬˼Ŀ꣬ǰϲ
걾ĵͷϲϲ
һ˹ı飬ʾ걾˵ȥ
ԭϲ˼лԼధף֪ʲôֶΣδ˻飬Ȣ
꣬һȥûֻиǲߣֶαɵλߣѹض¸˭ϣڶ
е㷸ѣôƹˤ˺ƤһϣСͼԭĵ·Ȼ仯̫¶
̫Ѿˣأɣü˳ֺ˶ϡ
˺ܾãմ⣬ȥǰⲻǡ
걾Ըĵͷڿˡ
һ޻
գǰף걾˯еһĳ̬ҪǼʽԿŵĴĵקطβȹñŨŨױݣĩˣͷΡ
һͨװ󣬹Ȼ޾ס
걾ĵͷ֪ȡķ
ӺݻۣϵʲУֱͦһһ۵Ŀţ걾ʳУ¶⣬ɻ䣬Զ˲˼æ׷ȥ
Ƭ̹Ͷ鷿ǰտͱ¡
ǰ΢΢һЦˣͳԵġ˵ָָ걾еʳС
˻ɫ΢죬æ֣˿ˣұɡϾĸݷǶΣæ
Ƭ̺󣬱Ǹˣڴ飬Ͼˣ⽻Сˣ˵лл˵⡣
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û춯ƵȡʳУίУʹˡ
˵꣬걾֣ȥ
ʳУȫǷʹļ׵ģһʱЩ᲻öԥƬ̣Ŷ룬ŷܱʼӣĬĬڣǷһ³ģҪ
˼ͣеıʣһɨ
޷ֻӲͷƤίĶˣʮְûڡ
˼ɫ΢̾˿㵹߻ˡ˵Űѱʷڱʼϡ
״һϲæǰʳУݵӸǰ
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֪æ̧ͷ˳Ŀ£ƼʳڣŤŤѷŸʽģʿԣǳʣµģִպϳһ̡ĵľ亹ֱæ£ͷס棬Ҳ֪ūŸ
ֽŲãʳ˻⡣޲óԼͣԼһʱĳ˲ðæ˲ùܵ¡½ŵķ˻治һˣȻϷˣͷϡ
תһ룬ҲˣǶ϶Ӳĸ㣬ӲȡͬˣԼŵİѵĵݵǰºˣͱˣŭӣ˳Ҳˡ
ƺҲԣӼ㣬˾Ͳ¼˰¸֪ӣһ¶ڡ
ݺݵһԴԼһ
˲ܲᷢΪû˸Ҷ죬֪£˭ҴŵܵӸǰǻˡ
һ鷿⣬ϰ£ȻԹַ¹ţֻԼͷԼ򵥣£˼ȥƷֻô粽򲻵÷ٿ
ʱڰǰķ˼ƽղŵĲһˣǸððʧʧŮӡ
Ĺ౦ǰְ̧סһ飬ǽܻƿһ¶˳һתʧ漴ֻƻԭ

 8 


úԺһԺæ̧ͷһȦ٩̫߳ˣϡͰ
˼ͤãֱȡ
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ֲ֣ŵ¼Ҳ֪ôˣСԺϡĶࡣ Сڶ˲ˮͳе壬εϴεϡͣЯԺҸжء
Сţæ绹һǧƱȻȫú硣
ŷ˼Nɪģһһ磬±˲֪
Сڵصǲ֪Ȼ򿪻ϻһİһ
Ƴһ۷˼ѵθڣСˣûǴ󽫾徻
Сھ죬ɺ뿪Ժӡ
ְ˼ˮƤЦⲻЦļҵ󽫾Ȳ衣
˼ϸϸƷŲ裬ûӻ
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˼ץı۰򣬶˵һѽʯϡ
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˼ûᣬ
ܿܲסۣ໽УͶˣʶ졣
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ЦЦţˣ԰˼ѳɻ飬˼Ҹ
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ةŮǸսŵ¸óԺúȵڸмɡ
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ʱ˼Ѷǰ󱳣Ҳ¸ÿնôһҲͣˡ˼ǹֱӵķӾǽֹԺвͨˣԺſںһͨһð
ٲȻǽ㣬вͨʦûзһ֪֪ģ
˼ȥԼ£ԺȽʡ£/ԺӺܶࡣ
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ܿ죬µķգŽɽܻռˣմںԺ£ꡣЩԼ˼ҷ˼鷿ղţҲûʲôʣԼż죬סˡ
֪ģͻȻðһʣһ鷿ôãһֱûţǺ֣᲻鷿ֱܵͨ֡С˵ﶼôдġ
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鷿ȴӺͨ鷿ûʲô˵ʲô֮ǾǶ౦ϰȴֻһ飬ͻأ
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ư˹պǰڳһ΢Ĺ⣬ϲµӦǳڣӿ첽ܿ쵽˸ǰһƣһųչֿһŲԼһ¹һƬɢɢ̽СŹţƬ̣û쳣ƿţһ̵ۡ
ѹϲãӦƬ̣ݵشӹĬĬӡ
һѰ˼ģӣƷһӦȫ߳ţȻһССԺӣԺﳤûһˮ
첻̾ܣ˼ز¶
ĬĬƬ̣ӸǽƮھӸ߸ߵ͵͵˵оϢ
Ȼ鵽Ժţȥ͸߲ķ϶С
û
շеǻᣬû̫ͣã鿴һû¿֮˳Űȥ
س̼˳ܿ쵽鷿񣬲ڣ걾ʼĵдʫġ
˵̫ζһ紵ݶͱŵӰ٣ܿ쿪ʼʢ·䣬մ鷿дŪīԼİ顣
Ʋ⣬ЩӦѴ˼
Ȼձ㷢һЩֽīɫٱʻ裬ŤŤĬд¸ʫ޴ʡȻˣҲдǸݿѧ㣬ʱԱһʫʱһд¼֣Ȼĵ뿪ǺߴĦ
Ժӣ˼һƪʫ΢΢ʫ൱ޣǲ䲻һǸˣ¸Ȼд˸ŵ⾳ʵ⡣
򱱵ʣȷ鷿û쳣
ȷдʫʣӵֽ涼֡˵ֵϼҳֽ
˼ɨһޱȵ֣ʵ޷ϸ
СʣҪô
˼ӻ֣û˵
ףǷſˡ

 9 


պȷԼīû٣һ鷿걾غţ˽ţ˵겻ģļ˰
¾㱸컻·ͷһѰ»ء
˲֪Ϣ뿪˳СڴһԼĵġ
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ãĵģûй˿ͣСƻ˯
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С˻һת磬¶ϲɫæܹ磬ô㣿
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Сں򿪾̻
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Ȼ𱣬Ҵҵıſڣһ߿ţһĻ˶Ҷҵˡ
һ䣬Ĵ̽ϻкΡ
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ֻϢġ
ͻȻе֣Ťͷʵ˽㣬㻹ô
˺µҺܺá
ֵĸо̲סϸϸˣֻһ˸ûһ˿ַŭɬһ޽ߡ
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ֶһǸ򣬴ˣǼ˵Ķӡ
ʧЦǰŹغãģһ˨գƽһ飬ɵһ裬ӣݸˣӵ¼ЦˣֻһµСѾͷ
ӳ˼лӹˮһڣʣ˭
˲죬⿴²ΪǸððʧʧѾͷɣҲ֪ϴǵһμ£æ֮»ûü֡ðɡ˵ͷ
״֪ȥ
±ӣһѽǼԱǼ⣬촽̽ĵ£Ƭ̹򣬱ѻеŮĴȶղܡ
һ󣬻ḧգϴ̽Ϣˣ
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һ㶣һܿ۵ǲûԱ˵űҪѹ
ЦŶ㿪ε¡
ĽˣԸΪκ飬ŬѹеĲʣ˼ؾлͣûһӴֵĲһƺϲ½ŵķˣԺס
üͷ¶һЩϲɫü˱ȢףȻϲױ, Ҳ湻ġ˵ź̾Ϣֱ̫ԲŲȡ
ɫҾ뿪أǴأ˵ֻע˼κξٶһʱ䴫Ϣҡ
˵ƿʧҹɫС

 10 


Ǳ鷿ŤŤд¼֣һȦ쳣³һµش򿪽ŵķš
氲»һïʢдУΪⵥĿԺһĨɫ
걾ǰС㣬ϷǲȥԺ͡
ߣŹǷô£ôɿȥǰԺͷ԰ڣ
걾ЦϷܼ˵ةฮҲף١
Ŷִ˸ǷΣʵЩۡ
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˻˫ϵ۵ʱԲ˵ҵСϱһվأ
걾һ£ͷ
йƤһ˲ˣװȥвУ
ɵУѵõĻᣬȥչһǣЩ֪С֪Т˳
ƼˣһʱŮԣü˳۸źظ˿͹̼ġ
ӿŲƲ걾ӻҡ
˯һ˯˲оԲߡ
˭֪һ˯硣ŻԴ걾߶߶ȰУ鲻Ըʰһλ֮ͱ£Ժ峿
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ûӣֻôЦӯӯӭȥ
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÷˼˻ѪεЦЦӦС
һ˽ӣԷϲ衣
˼ŵЦŽӹһڣϣվǰ֣ȡԼϵӣ죬ҳģ񣬱˵ű׽
춢֧Ƕʯοһʱ֪Ǻãô£Ҳû˭ˣŷ˼ŵЦӯӯֻúЦл
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˼ȤĴЦһ
Ѿͷܿϲ裬˼ŵͻȻֿʣ죬»࣬
˿ϰµģӺңԣ֪ôش͵͵˷˼һ֪ۡǲǴ׽һƵĽ֮ɫһȥȷˣȷʵ
·תȻϡȻһо͵ôӳ顣
һ̧ͷ΢ЦҼá
Ȼɫɳ
Ǿͺá˼ŵŵܵܣž棬˴һסЩʱա
˼ͷӦС
쿴ˣ˾ؽ㣬ý㵣լ£ƴ˼ˣɵЩ⡣ֻҪ˼ŵôӲ̫ѹ
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˼ŵûпͷĩˣĵǰʵ⣬ҾסˡһԺӵĻݣϲ
ԣҲϲ
֪̫Ѹ߸߹𣬲ԶԼԼ˼ŵ뵽ʲôŤͷԷ˼һδͣڶ࣬ϲȫšǣ˾ܾ
˼Ƴһ죬һ

 11 


˼ŵȥھЩΡ
ҵһμҵһμĬ仰Լ衣
ȻȷʵЧˣߵ˼ǰһĨ΢Ц
Ůʱʶ࣬ڡ
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˼ɫֽѺȿյıӵݹȥͷˡ
̷쾭壬첻æӹȥˮϹϾݵԷС
˼Сһڣüͷ΢壬̫ˣͷһ
΢㶣ˮô̵Ļһͺˡѵãһ룬æȥ㣬˿иţһ̣߾ͺˡ
裬Ƭֱ̣ڣȷ죬С˼ǰ˼תĿҪ˭˾һڣ漴üҡͷе
֪ʶˣǹأ΢ЦˮθڣҪǡ
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⡭ѻȷʵе˵̡
˭ʮһ͵ŮԣҼʶ㣬ѲԲó
ãȻػܣǿʲôȻ¶ధˣ˼ĸܾߣĸҹҹΣ̵࡭
.
ˣˡ˼ŮӻѻɫɫӦģûûˡʹ˼ʹ˵¾ôȥԺ󶨲׷ͷ㡣
áȻǰһ˼ָһƣһԣ׷
.ɫת죬ոǱ˵Ůȥˡ˼ζ裬תߣʵ޷ۿıݡ
νֻҪΣεľǱˡ
˽ᣬʲô˳ۣ˼ںȲ裬ЦǴæˣҡ
˼ǳ˳ͿʼˡȻЩС²⣬е㲻ʣ͡
һ룬ô¡ǾˣֻҪˡ
ʱ걾˽ӹˣȥǰôˡƽȣֻֻ۲סش졣
ܲҪڣߵͻȻվ죬ȥɡᣬ˻˻ƣһ˿硣
һ⡭ôôء˼ֻ΢΢һЦֿ걾ӣ걾˷ܣһɵģȴͲ⣬Ȼ˼ڸӡϣȻˣðײãǵýϷúóüЩū֪Ҳпɽġ
˳ס֣ԣһģ
첲⴦ܵԶԷĵȣ˼΢΢һͣܿʧˣԾһѵģ
ֻ˰ӽϾѵõһĨЦ⡣
˲£Ժһ·вפٻݣݺݹһѵӵ񫡣
ʱһµĶϢĸı֮ǰ˶ΨΨŵŵϹϾʱòϾǶʮһ͵ˣһ򳫵ƽȡ£ϰˣһܡ
˼ſڣһкǰףٵıͣһˣ챾û˼ģһģͲ˼ǿϸ
յգ½룬˿̸ð飬˼״ӣ־Ҫãһһѳ˹һӸԷ
˼Ȼûƽӡ
Ϸ̫ûʲôˣ֪ݸ˭
һλɫµ˴ʮ㣬ĸС̧
첻֪ļݣϰԿ˼ֻģδܣҲǰӭӣƺڵڡ֪ò˰ɣ˿걾ڸǰϰ£֪οڣֲһס˼ĸ첲
Ķԭڵķ˼ŲŮӣ²죬ǣǰһ΢΢һҾˡ
ɵˣԭĸףŵҵةˡѹַ˼ûܣȿڻȻ¶ˡ
ŵҵ洺磬㣬СŮ޽ôЩ죬عأ
ʮعأ¶ϲ˵˼ɫ֣ĴָĦ
ʮֲϲ˵ĸо·һ˦֣ͻʵʵ˵磺̷ĸŪ͵͵⡭
벻֪һһһë롣
˵ˣǺģȹ˼ǡ
ЩޣһڳǰΥĵĿ佱䣬ֲ⣬бҪ֣вô
С۵ˣһϳԡ
ŵҵŮŮϧͷǰߣͻȻʲôת죬ģ죬ڽúТĸ̷
·±Уһ飬֣صףҼסˡ
ŵҵɫһĿһۡ
һ񡭡ϰԱ´ʱܶΣ̿ġ
̲ס˼ЩݵĲƬȣԭϲ˼׵Ը޸˼δޣϲ죬ų⡣ӽο˼ŵҵΪŵҵŮҲǸŮ֮飬Ϥ¼ϵ걾⼸ĸ͵͵ȥةฮº֧֡
ԽԽңһõͷ֮
˼Ҳ׽Ǹһǰ˳üӣвôΪĿģֶΡ
ԶԺﴫЦ̨ϷĳţСſ̨ǰߴߴͣ˽Ųմأææ⣬ڰűϯ
Ҫʼˡ

 12 


̫´̫ãź˼á
գֻ˾ȽеѣͲࡣڰڷŮͣ°ڷб͡
˵ʱڣĬĬҵһƫƧλãƼϷ˼ŵ֣޷ֻùȥ
Ϊǣλʢװܺãͼλйżҳ˼ŵҲûţ⼸ҹС㣬ԼԵĿλϣһһܡ
ϹȻҲڣһμ
ǰŮֵ䣬ϸ֪Ƿһװ硣Ƥڵʵĺ£ģһӣС죬źۼͿĨɫȻ˵ʱ´ͣײ׽һˮɫӣɫȹûжΣͷҲֻǼ򵥵ķ٣Ѱ˼ˣֻףޡ
찵̾ôֹˣѹַ˼ϲһţ˼ӦáճɾˣţĬˡ
Ϲһ㣬һЦȻͷʾ⣬żͼλټС̸Ц
ԼĻƺûӰ졣
΢һ㣬ĬĬţȥˡ
ƹѲ˺ܾˣЦ˷ͷϯʼߺŻȭŮϯߣҲɢܿͷܶȺ
һŮ˾һͰԣҳҶ̣ʱȣֻһʵרעسԲˡ
˭֪Ҳ
һλȽ곤ĸ߹Ц֣˵ǸսŵĶϱɣģ¡
Ӧǣֶɩӡ
Цĸ˵겻ɫĳ鿪֡
ĸûƼһ㣬յĸʵ࣬жô
ﰵ˾ĸ治Լˣֲ죬ֵ¡
ܷУգǲͬĸһʶ˳ǣҡҡͷǻش
˭֪ĸȻűʼ̸ļӹ顣
ֻһҲȥѰ˸ͷź滨԰ȥ걾æ˰գڿԺߣȥ
Ͷˣȣǰߣ¹ŵĺɴ·Ҳ֪Ƶ΢תš
԰ӣǰԺֲͬ˴ףû˴ţղһ߼һļɽסȥ·ȹڣżɽ϶еС˽ȥ걾ں棬סСģš
ɽǰȻʣԶһˮǴӶģһֱ֮ƹһͤӣʧϽƹԣˮߣŰʯ·Ŀţ˹պһƬֵǰŷӦ£ԺſڵӦһƬҲ˵쵽Ժˣ˼ˣɵüӿŲ
֣һС·ȻŮ˵ҲƽСŴŴģίᡣ͸֣ԼԼһŮӺ汧סһӡ
죬ײŮ˽ᡣ˶ԺݳԾϷҲ֪ļԺѾͷСô󵨣ܵ£ԺߣҲ±ȥ
Ŀӱ˵˽飬תҪߣʱȴŮӻһĻ־ľκˣͷƤ顣
ԭͷˣһƬԭ֡
ֹסŲתǰ˼˺Ǹ˼Ϲ͵Ҳطôλε£Ժſڣ治¸žžžء
ԼԥƤֵֵǰװ֪뿪߹ȥ̭̭ܿ걾˾Ѿͷ׷ԶԶĻС㣬׷ˡ
ԶĶˣҲ߲ˡ
һͦظǰߣ˶˸ǰһȦЦϹС㣬˰˵ָָԺţԺֻһˣǼ
˵˽ȥһӰ
˼һ˿ңϹ֣׷ȥǡ
˼ͣö˵ҶǼͲǽȲˡֳ걾һͰɾˮǰʯһ˵žһԺţǶ˸档
˼ͷĪӿһĨǱ
ԺǽȥˣתͷϹȻԭü룬Ϊʲôôʣġ
Ϲ棬ҭҭģһﲻ
˼Щͷۡ
ʱܼ룬˵Ϸ¸Ϳ͡
˼ͷյԺţ̾һٷ˲ʤЪ¡һȥǰԺӦ͹ˡ˵Ŵȥ
ıĹܼң龰±µ߰˷֣ǰ΢΢ϹС㣬ٷ˼ЪΣūȥϷԲ衣
Ϲ˲ۣãԼȥ
ĺɹκĽŰ˲ϣŷ˼
˼Ϲˣź˿ȥᱻ㲻ݣһҲȤһƽ˵ļ飬˲ܻ˵磬˷ǳ£ʱĸĶ顣
Ǻ룬ȫԧ죬úȥδӣةฮǲܻصģһ뵽ϵĴ˸
ԽԽ꣬ٿţͷͷһ͵͵ﵽ鷿
һ죬ᳵ·ѸװԼĳ˸
ãһţûСڣͱڵĳƹץ˸š
νֻҸط飬һܡ
ȴĵ飬ƺѾ֮ǰĲ졣ԺӣóضĺòдԸˣӽŵУӣȥ¥һòˡ
鲻ѣ飬İռ˾壬һʱûӦһĥˣǳʶ壬н顣϶ǳ󻹸˼ġ
֪ЩֻСţȥ֪˼˭֪ʶơҺȸƶѣͨ籨ôûֹһ
գæҡͷҲҡȴ죬˼Ƭ̣û¶ڨڨĵûͨ籨š
ͷүǡ
۾ָűӣ㡭㡭˰죬Ҳû˵Ȼޣһͷ³ɳһ鱨
ˣ˲Ǻܱôô޵ͷѵͷ˼һ·ϲ￴ŹüмòҰɣ
ԣһڲȫ˲ϲãһڿϳԼŮˣҶ۵Ļš˵ͻȻʻһɫ۹ûô
ҡ췭һۣ˱ࡣ
һţҲû£һ߻˼ŸδõϢø˼˽
ԴͷһֱԳԳԣ˿Լˣ̧ųһֹģɸֵտүǣŶãôֱŤŤġл˵
̾ﻹǸȤˣ漴Ȧӣżɽסη
⻰ϤʹһҪ̺ﵽʲôҩ
̼һЦоԼɺһˣˣѾͷҲõطƫƫײǽˣ˼˻Ҫˣһۣʣһ֪ˣ
еľƱһû˼µȻʶ㵽Ҫʲô
װװװİ۶췭ȥˡǸðѷ˼ڳ۲۲д˼ҹӸ磬ӭ
˰ӣǺòǺò˵дԭʼء˵޼鲻̣硣Ҳ֪˼ٺôɷĻĸȥ˵ġ
ЦǲǸлл㡣
룬ǵãֻ֮С
һƵĳ嶯ҲҪл㡣˵վһлʮ˱
üôƣСоʮ˱ʲô˵
ûиܵķ̣Ŵͳһӣ˳ǣ΢ЦǮǸǧ¥ģվ͸ˣлĿ
⡭ǱŷأﵱֳΪСģЩЦá
ոǷŭŭˬʵŮӡ
Ҫߣ˲æǰֵƷи߽࣬ҿˡ˵һҾ
һ㣬ЦһӾ͵ˣƹҲֵ̫Ǯˡ˵껹
ûգɫ˵ĶԣһӾ͵ˡԺʲô£ֻҪõңԸһǡ
ô׵꣬˭áǷ̡
ٺһЦûмڷǸ조ʹ͡ģ˫һϣ漴̯֣˲һƴ
ƵĿɿڴŵ
ݵǰպãԺҡ
ûܾӹϸ۲һϸ΢ûб䣬ȷʵǶ漴ϧƹ˺ñ£Ƶʲô
һۣǻӰƣȡ֮е
컷ܣмʮֻӵ΢ӦúȱǮȻϴҲỹˡ˾ȣ˾ûпⱾȥЩǮеߡ
첻ɫ̾ӣ˵ýֶòٺôɣ
ɫ䣬ɺԺֻ֮㣬ĲȡȻ㲻Ը⣬һؾˡ
ɫ࣬˵ѣﷸֹѵˣ˸˼Ϥ뿪ЦƹϴҸء
ȻûĴ㣬һ²һ£Ͱѷ˼Ʋһȥü䣬Ƭ̺ӣǮѾˡ˵һŵòҪȥɡ
ԭԼˣҡͷ˺ãҾ͵ĵȥǰºڣǵӣĶ顣
󿪿ںôʲף漴Цеֻܽһʱ֮Ͳһˣķӿ׬Ǯء˵һģ
첻Ц⻰ǡʮһʲôҪ˲š
ԽмױֻɽաԴУǮ̻ǳ֮ơ֮ǰżﻮ£ͬˣʱᱻɨسš
вšҪǮƣıǮ
뵽ˣ۾пųһıӣȱǮ
ûڣʵĵͷ
벻׬Ǯ
ֵͷϸᷢ峺ףûһ˿
˼Ƭ̣Ϣһȥú롣
´ټʲôʱ򣿡
һдŸ㡣úú룬ʮһٵ׬Ǯӡ
ɫʹߴЩȥ
˿̸ȷţ̴ƹȷʵеĲһ

 13 


ص£Ժʱ̫ɽֵƵʱ֣ԺﾲĵģϢ߳鷿Լȥ
һ·쳣ֱԺ᷿ŵƣ˼ŵסˡ
ֱãԼ⣬һʱ޾͵͵ߣˡ˼ŵĸû¶֪ˡ
ӲͷƤǰߣ쵽ԼʱԶԶľͿ걾ſڣ˿Ѿͷһأ϶ǷˣſڣΪ˯ˡ
߳࣬ѾͷˣȻˡ
걾۾һӭЦС㣬ȥЪϢɡ˵꽫һƣ漴š
ܹŹ֡
ƣѾͷճϢˣȻûп޿䣬û߶ãȻ÷˼ɺ
߽ңСأÿҲֻʱŸжαװȫȫи
һߵЬŲڵ̺ϣɿŦۣһѳ¡
Сƹ磬һˣһͣҪ
ҡڵ˵Ƿ˼
ԺȻ˵һμ龰˿̺ƣЦһ˼
ôˣ
˼ԡżҳ·ִһ飬ڴͷ̧һ£Ҳ
Ȼǿġֻ˼ǰź;ٯٯ·ǰѵ֮ɡȻˣ⻰첻˵ڣŵЦ˵Цˣӡ
ţҾ
ţ汻˵ˣ￴Ź޲һŽ˵ӣӴ
һƽһ飬ŮʱΪ˸ûлȨģ뷨跨ֺԼķ
󷽷𶪵£ЬӣĬĬߵǰһ裬˹ȥȲ衣
˼飬ӹһڣĳһ䣺Ժߴš
ɶôͱˣ⡭е㼬ˡﰵ̽һòɱڰɡ
Ըתһţ벻öԲߣѣֻóŷ˼ϸ֪ˣԺҲˡ˵꣬սսͷ
˼ǳ˳ò׾ӵݼ̾һˮָָ¶壬ԺǸͿˡ
һ㶣׷ͦ˵
Уʲô壬ϾͿԴҡڵĳ
ȻعǸڰû뵽ССĲ۵ʲﾹôãˣֱǱ
ºˣ˼͵ܵ£ɡ׬ˡ
⣬ͻȻԺһ֡³걾ſˣ˼ŵӦöһﰲŵģʾã˵ûͼŵġ
µ壬İ棬ϱܳŵ޹»ҪԼŰɡ˵Ҫͻȥ
ţ㡣˼鱾û͡
ᣬ˵Եðһ˸ڿӣôȥô
ɨԼԼͷŵһ飬ûʲôֵ˼ġ
̧ԡˣţ΢΢ɿµļ֡
òҪҹԲŹϰߣ֮⣬벻
һ󵨺һִҪýȢķûа취ܾġ
֮ǰѰҪӵܴ˵ƣۣһ̾͹ȥˡԽĿϹĻҲ˵ԼΪ̫TMˡ
뵽Ϲǰһⲻֳɵͻƿǿݲأ˲Ѫˣ̧ͷϵӰճײϹС㣬ǲ
˼̧ۣü
š촹׼ϹС÷һвʣһʱ鼱˵˲˵ĻͨʮֺڣϹСòԼ䱻٣ȴһһ⣬ңģȻͲӦüʣڳԡ
Ȼأ
Ƚᣬ겻壬ɾ£ɷˣԺǵĺ¡˵һͨ촽Щɡ
˼ĲݸɤӼ
ûнӣ򴽽ǣףǰͷϣһһһ˫ˡ˵һݵŷ˼һһ򣬽ҹͲע⡣
˭֪˼Ϊûµļ
ÿԼ˵̫ˣӲͷƤɫˣ뽫ԼԺӾްɡ
ҵԺӡ˼Ŀ鱾ƿ̬ƽȣƺûﲻס
㲻Ժô
һǾԺӺá
ӣԺȰסϹС֪ˣᣬϾŮӼ˼ϸ壬׺˼롣
ҸԼһʲô
һѪž˵˰죬һȫԷˡؿһһǿĬĬԼΪֵã˵⣬ű飬Ȼϲȥط˵꣬ͻݵķӣЩϢ
˼飬Ƶ£˺ߣҪˣոθ͡˵
ɵˣֺֻ÷˼ŵôȴûǵ
﷭̫Сˡݺݴ˴ԼԴ군⡣

 14 


ʪͷԡ΢ƹ⣬ǰžѾϤʹοԼⲻ壬Ųڡ
ҹԽԽ֪˶ãڶӣվӳֿʵĴûط԰Ъĥĥǰ˼ۣƺ˯š
΢һڣ˵ƣѵºЬӣŰŴȥ
˯ô⣬µȥ
һԭһﻹû˯ţ˵ֻŲŲ
£⡣Ժ󲻻ٷڰУ˼ͻȻƮôһ仰
һ㶣˰׹ԭǶϹ¡
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˼֪⣬æҸֻǡ
Ҷ֪һˣɲһİ¡
˼̾˼˿û·ϣȴϸŽͣԵеЦ
ֳ
ƣһ˫ָɬȴ˯ŲţŤ϶һˣʵ޷޶áֲ֪˶ãץʱȻߵ˶һ£ƺҲû˯ţ̽ʣ
šȻҲû˯š
תʣʲôʱȥ
ǰɡ
ʲôĵһŵӡ
ô
ûôйƤһȥҪһֱ˯
ѵ˲ϲ
İۿ췭ȥˣǲҸо̫ˣŮӣ;˼ϲѹķУĮϲС
ΪҲϲ
ãֲϹ˻󻹶ҴˣŲëһмÿ˶ϹС㡣ôȷľܾӦɡ
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켷ѹ˳ˣһЩϢɡ컹糯
š
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䣬Ϸ֮ɫ·˵Ҽҵİײڱˡ
걾ǰҪ
һα˼ѪôŴȥ˯ʲô鶼ûһ˵ڴҶΪҹԲˡ
һĿ⣬п˵
ƣͼ˼ŵŮ롣
һδƽһֻ΢ʰһ¸Ϲȥ
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˶᷿˼ŵæ֣ʵ죬˵ϹԺſںҰд£
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˼ŵƺż죬Ұܾˣм䶨ᡣ
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˼ŵҰһûĸףװظΪĸ׹ڻ͸ײٺ׳⣬ĸֲϲūſ²˵أӾˣһ㣬ܼȢ㣬;ٸϹź˿һҪ
ЦˣɿȢ檣ͨ˵ĺ񲻹ŮƵġŴŮ˱ϴأ͵˹¸Ħۺ
ѹеĲʣͬףҶķ
ɵҪҪ˽
ȥеˣҪͶҪ鰡ʱҵİס
˼ŵƣԭȷ˼Ҳòȥһ֮ѡ
Լ׬ǮƻҪճ̣Ȼȥǻûȵ죬Լܲˡ
ΪסǰĴͷСһҼˡ

Ժﻨݷ賤ʮïʢ΢紵Ʈ㣬Ūǵ͡
صӣ걾żɽҴСһ𳤴Ҽ޵Щ»֪ΪáǴȥˣ³·
걾Ա𾪵ˣ
ʲôҲûǼٵģС㿴ġ
걾ŵ˼ǻԻةฮ
ɵѾͷ뿪ûüֵˡ촽һĨЦŵܰȵ㣬˭Ըȥڡ
Сɫ㣬Ҳ˼ҡ걾ҧ
ҵĸԣǻὫΪ뻻ȡԴֻҲ
ǡ
걾ô
걾ľګҡҡͷ
Ҽױв٣ָһ룬㡭
û˵꣬걾۵һͿˣҲҪĶҲȥ͸
ˣú˵£ѾͷôͻȻͿˣæοúúãҡް
걾ˣ޿ð죬ֹ֤סᡣ
ôִҲ˵ʲô㽫ļƻ걾ƶǶĵͷ

ĵأţʱ˼Ӧÿ쵽ˡ
걾鷿ǣ걾ţȻŰ׼õʫĬд˼Ŷ롣
Ǹ˵ˣҪȥߴš
˹ֽȥֻдֶѣûš˵껹
˼ŰɽӹֻŤŤдšᷢΪޣɡڽϦʱԶ·ҹ䡣γûȥȥӴ˴ǡսδڡһ̾Ϊ̡ŬĪʱ飬˼
ɵ˰ɣɡЦȻôҲ񲻹ࡣ
дģ˼һ
еˣѵûʫӦð˵Ǵˣ鷿ôӦʶֵģôҲȨײˡ
Ĭʿд£յ磬κ˭֪вͣࡣдһεݸǰˡ
˼ӹһ档
첻˼ѵûжʫ
ûж
찡εأʱˡ
һʫø㿴ġңûӡ
˼ֽ۵÷ڣһۣ뿪鷿
һڰǰ˺ܾãֱ걾ͲˮŻع񡣼Ȼ벻ѧ⣬ʵĻȥҪó׼õ̿ʣڸֽϸϸдԼҵƻ

 15 


磬Ժھĵģ֪˶ѿʼͣ
걾ֳ־壬˫ʳУ˳˸
ֱãˣҵһСڵĻ˵⡣ȻСƶ˵ֱӴȥԺ
ԴΪһסűԼձü˵
ҼС֮ء걾˳ھʹˡ
üͷȻѾͷһݡ˵Ųеźϸ
ûʲôֶ֮ǡ߿ҡͷ
걾æڣҼС˵ˣ׼Ը̸˵ŵϼƱ
Сæǰˡ
걾ݸֽеʳе˹ȥСֵܣġ
СܳЦ¶һŴ
걾ûͣ˵ˡ
С˼ӶǺóԵģʳԹ֣ȴʣ˼úžǾеָʾ׼ϾӦ
ձʱ֣˼Һһ鷿һߺȲ裬һĻ㱨
Ͻɫأֵϴ̿ѾҵټɽϵɽƽʱҽΪǷץϸϸʣ
µΪֹ˼ЦµûɽԼҲָ֪ܺץʣ˵ָϡ
ȻƻϽ޺޵
п쳣
һ糣Ͻ£˳ƽе˵ϴεԣʥϼȻûţΪʲôŽؾУڣĿɨһæס˿ڡ
˼ûᣬתͷ򱱵˽տг
ؽһֱڡ˵룬걾һͳȥˣŻ
˼һԵͷϽ㶢ŷ˷ˡ
Ͻףȥ
£˼ӻ֣ʾⱱ˳ȥ
ȴ˿£ƺлҪ
˼üк£
ҧҧͷϹС˵ҪǸʮɽ¥ɢ˵꣬оһ

֣ıһ󵨺еĴһӲǺϲϹСôȻҲŽ⴫Ĳ¡
˲ͷð亹Ҫ˳ȥȴֵȻ£ͳ磬ᾮˮԺһߡ
ʲôԼˣӵ£æŲմء
УҪźܸܵͷˮ
ⲻ£ǡŷͷءȻ򣬶źͨӲˡ
Ǹڰϴη˸£ǵĻͬϡ
Լһ䡰ǳԲǴ򣬡 ĸɻȥˡ
ʣ·˼һˣģȡŮдʫϸϸĦ벻ף˳ɻûж׽д鶫Уľƾúַġ
ʱúڻѻβȲȥһţͿͶǰڴں޹ؿԡ
걾ŵõеžһУˮɫսսͷҷһԡ
б˴ɡ
ܵСһ׮ŴС֡ģԼǻסȻʮķ׳ˡƳһۣ걾ȳȥ
걾ԣæ˳ȥ
վµһ׸ɾףӴʢһ֭ڷ˼ǰ쳢һ÷
˼һ㶣ѵһء
Ҫ֣Ȼֱͣ걾ù룬üͷ΢
ˣëͦ࣬첻ɫָǰ֭Ƣθ걾Ѿ͹ˡ
ԲӣЦһڣұ֤ܺúȡ˳ͻݣȴһϼ顣үģΪѾͷӲŲϡĶһүǣżӣô
˼ֻᡰŶһûȡ
ȴķʣܵ걾Խ£ϾһŰǽĲתƵϣô˵κβһЦʢһף͵ߣһڴ
ȻԹԵ˿ڡ
úȰɣʣ˵Žӵݵǰ
š˼ûнӣԾޱš
ӾͲӣ⣬͵ø¡ƵòѾͷһʶɣ
ǿıˡ
ɶơͬͬ⣬ͬͲͬ⣬ôŪ𰸡֣˿ӣһòιɡεҡҡͷ˵
˵ιˣϴ趼û⡣
СЩŲŲŮãֱݺ
˾ӣվĸһ谮һһףžӤһڿιȡǣ
ӤƤж
һʮ¶ӣŪ÷˼²̨룬һ¡
аЦ´λҲҸֺİϷҷ̵Ĳô˵գգ۾һ޺ģ
˼ûӦ㶵Ŀп룬ôҲûסĲԣûй̺ܽŮֻǽһĲû뵽ûгͷԼŪһǱ
壬֪в죬Ϊ걾ѹеĲʣǸұֱŵģЦ̬ʮϽ
šƺ̹һЩ
£ƽǲģȻҲԼѾͷԶ
ûҾͲܻ
ǻȻǡϽ񶨣ȴ˵ӸϽɣӻҪ˯ءԽףȴԽ˳
˼еĲЩȡʫüдģ
ǣҴϿġı飬˼ˡ
û׷ʣʡ˿ࡣ
޻æ㿴ô˾͸ϽյţһһСıϹСƵͲˡ
֪ģ˼ɫۿɼٶȣ৵ıˡ
첻֪ˣæ˫ֺʮһĵͷǸԲ𣬶Բ𡣡ͷǸܹûдɡ⣬˭˼Ǵүء
Ǹƺûã˼뿪ûٻ
쵹⣬ѵС

 16 


С˹˼ʥڹв
޿޲ɣ˼ŵȴЩڽغʥϰȣԹǵԲر߽Ľ
ͷȷʵ֡òΣհɣڻڽŴأɲϣʱ⡣
ǵڡ±ĵ¡
ǾͺáɿֻҪû¾ͺãԺ󣬵ʱˣĹ졣
̫ûԺգæ˼ŵƳӣ㣬ߣʱ
˼ŵͷ
ձԺ˰εľˮ˵ͦõģڶоˬһµĿ
˼ŵЦǷˣҰܳͷ
æޣã
ϲĻÿԺˮ¡
ʹáһæܾźŵǰˮһ¡ʹǻˡ
һ˼ŵЩָۣǰһʯȥЪϢһ¡
иԽԽ֣ʵ̲ס㣬ܻˣҲҪʳǧܶԡƽʱʳ㹻ӪԶ˷Աáûа취Ѫѹ򲡣ֻ̥˵¡
˼ŵŶӣƶǶĵͷȻʲôݸһЦ죬Ҳ͡
һ㣬һȦʱһƲոյĻ⣬ǻΪ飬Ĺǰѡ
Ϊõ֮һʵڲļƭ
÷˼ŵû˵ȥȥɢ

˼ڵӹ죬ת۰¹ȥˣʱ䣬ʱȥһ棬кܶϸҪö
о֣ԹĴųȥֲҪ˴򱨸ĸоˬ²걾װ
걾ԣϲӹӦ£һ̵ɴգԵˬƮݣ֤Ӵӡ
·걾⣬ʩ˷죬ԭ𪻬۵
ûĸﲻϲƯƯġ
Ͷæһͨʰ䡣ǳ壬˳ȥ
յ峿ֵ쳣æµ˴Ҵң·Ҫһе飬ѹꡣ
첻ɵüӿŲҲ̫ǰյг̡
תӣӭһˣ׼˭֪ȴڸǰ·
ӡ걾һףѾͷǰͷǱԷ˭ǵû걾--ԭ÷ı緮ǫ֮
ϸϸˣݣɫһή֮Ŀ͸¶ŹŹ֣һ鱻ģǷǮһ㡣
硣ѹеĲʣỽһƽԶµ
졣ǫ֮һ֡
һæһĮŵ£һ˵žƹˡ
˭֪ǫ֮ͻȻɫ䣬һץס
ӣ֡ 걾ȷӦȥ֡
˭֪˲֣ʹץ죬±ƵģͬʱݺݵĶ걾ŭ
Ȼʶʲôæֹס걾ҡҡͷ걾ֻɿ֣վһԣİڵţ˷쳣
ϧСסʲô·˷׷Ťͷס
춥·ֵס񣬺˵磬Ҳߣ֣Ūˡ ˵꣬һЦ
ҲЦˣǫ֮ܿƽ񻻸Ƶģ͵ɿ֣۵Ŀ󣬰ûڵ죬Բ𡣡
ŵʵ磬רģ
ǫ֮ͷǻӦƺΪԼ³ľٶûڣǾɥ
쿴걾һۣ걾ҡҡͷʾ״
磬֪ģѾˡ̽˵䡣
֪Ҳáǫ֮ͷµС
Ѿµ߰˷֣Ϊ˲ŭú̾Ǻοء
ǫ֮˫֣޴ļ棺죬ҺˣӦԥӦҵ⣬Ӧȥס
ԭһԸ˼һãá
ңԭûƫִʲô飬ȻĻѾȥ
ˣģɫ磬Ѿ˸ŵ˰Һεأ˵꣬һ˦ϵ֣ȼ
ǫ֮һ㶣ƺûϵŮ˵˾ĻƽѪҺ˲ַްһβܲ˳ȥ
׼걾ŤͷܣڳûԶû㱼ſڡ븮󣬿Ӵڴڴڰȫˡ
˭֪һȴǷķǫ֮׷˹˷ŵִҪҪá
ֵ̫󾪶ˡ

һԺӣ湩ѹ˵λԺųգֻйʱŴ򿪣ȴΪġظ򿪡
ɫ࣬һԲ
챻Źλǰ
ٷˣ֪һɫӵӷǵ˵ޣԺ߶档
֣֪֪úǰŲӲӲ
ںδӶϴ̬Ȳ⣬׷ʡ
ҡҡͷʾ֪ʵһþŬˣûдǸƫִо
ЦΪĸȻ˲أѹҲŻơ
Ҫǣ걾ôæſǻҵĴҸģҸġһʹļ޵ݵģͲл
Ӽ״¶ϲɫһֵۣٷˣΪԺѾͷҿų󣬼䶮أҴȥúýһǹء˵Ըǰ
춮ˣСŷ˼ڼҳûѣôȦӣôͬһĿġ˾ô˼ˣӲģҲſֶ£̫LOWˡ
֣Ҳͬ⡣ձѱСͻȻӲ
Ӵ㵣ƺû뵽ôֱӵľܾ̲סʵΪΣ鲻
ЦʴϻۣòˡǽϲˣҲܴȥ˵ֱ׳дʡ
˼ϲˣĿãЩ˲֪ȥǴùͷֳֺõĻŲɡ
ЦΪĸƶǴɡ
զࡣһ˵ϹҪѻˮõϡǷ˼ͬ⣬ҪǵȽɡϸգһԷհСϱ
Ӽβתˣʹļ׵ϷˣӲˣ£ʵڹܲˡ
ڿˣ죬̫ǰ˼ʲôʱʲôʱ˵뿪á
۷ˡֶȥɡ

 17 


ߺ˳ϡһϥǣһ߹۲ǰİ衣һźڵװֵλſƽýûɨԵʣһ㱡Ļҳλѿʼᡣ
ۿһʵģԾվ
ܾĵģֻз紵ŷ֨֨ſڣ̽ͷ⿴ټԺѿһˡ
ǺҲ߯ʵˣͷ˾ȻලôʵٺЦɴһݣ׳ŵӳã˭֪û߼˺԰յգͷһˣָֻͷСߣܿ㵽Ƭ֡Ҳã£ԺҲûˣ˼һֱ鷿Ӱ뿪
ܶһ죬޲ûڣԼΪʲôʵʵá
źĿĵţ·ϡ٣̧ۿԽԽ̫ԥŻҪҪȥҳͻȻǫֳ֮ǰ
˫ĴţճնĿɢ׹һ㡣
̾ôôùզˡ겻ɢֲұ¶ֻ̽Ž硣
ǫ֮γѣ۾ʲôС죬߰ɡ
ȥ
ҴԶ߸߷ɡ
Ҹô죿ӦþĸףȻˡ
Ȼǫ֮ɥĵͷǷϡ
ˣսȭͷǰҪȥ˭֪ɵķǫ֮һѽĻסһ߰գһ߽Ͱ͵ҡһ취˵㸸ס
⡭ˣһܾǡĺ󱳣ο𼱣һ뵽취
䣬һŲŤͷֻѵӴżѾͷСվ
֪һ˦ǫ֣֮
Цǲ˵㡣ٷݣǵȽԽͰɡ˵һɫ
Сǰ½ǫ֮ס漴
֪˵ز˵ĵطݺݵĵ˷ǫ֮һۣѾͷԼͦص߻ȥ
һΣҲӣûм˵棬ֱӱܼҹؽһƫƧӣѾͷš
˴λڽ棬û˾סԺĲݴӵǺܿϧʰ죬ڳһŵĵط
ܵϾ޹ģֻҪϸһǫ֮Ļ֪Ӳͷ̣ܽ˽Գ
ţĵһƴյ̨һɣܿ˯ˡ
˯Уƺһ˵ۣŴ͸΢⣬ǰ̧ƷţƲʶؽˡѶϸԭǷ˼ŵͷŵѾͷôҲϿš
ʶˣؾ͹ˣôóԷ
ʲô˼ԡŷŴ
ѾͷųųصˣҲ¡ൣ
ҪҶã
Ҳֻ֪ܼڴšѾͷʵش
æˣĪСѾȥϷˡ
ã˲Ƥģûʲô¡չ˴С㣬̥һ뵽˼ŵͦŴߣľᵽɤϣһ⣬°뱲ľͱ밲ˡ
֪أĻѾͷĥƤӣŷмҴԺȥ

ң˶˳ֻʣ˼ŵĸŮˡ
˼ŵɵĸ׵֣ĸףǺοأ
ޱ飺ԼΪ㣬Թҡ
ĸף˵Ƿǫ֮һԸ԰
ΣӬ޷ĵһ»鸾ˣܣʲô
˼ŵСĵǾͬġ
ᵽ£ɫѿ֣Ҳź֡¸ڼҰؼ˴Ļڸģһ泤һ˿ءβԺָʲô׵
˼ŵĸͷϣ֪˿Ȱ⣬ã׻ϽͣʡʡȰ
ĸ˯£ţʳԺ߽һַ˲ûжô¡
УȻûиҰʵֻ֪·ùˣʵڳԲ¡
˼ŵûɻ󣬴»ص£Ժһ޻

һҹ죬ûͶˣŹ๾Ķӣ˯һᣬ˯˾Ͳ˭֪ƽʱһմͷͳ˯壬վʹȥôҲ˯š
ǿԼۣ˭֪ЩƽնѾļҳˣħһ㣬һһײϲȥʿˮԼûĶĶͼֲסˡ
ֱ֣ݺݵҧȥĴʹ˲١
˶Ͳȴ̶͵ءκò״ᣬݺʰһ£Բסĸ
ֻ벻ףǧټƵ˸˼֪ϲǳԱ˳ûô
֮ǰƶϣھģһʱҲȥúϣ˺úóеĶ
ͨˣûôˡһһпܵĶΪԼȡĿܡ
һҹȥˣڰ˵졣
ͱһ󿩿Ŀѣڸ˵ˡǰһڣ㵹£ֱŬѣˣԼӦˡ
˭֪һͿڵ飬ǰٷ˾衣
ˣûûˡͲỻ
ֹһ룬һʼ˾ͺԺġ󷽷ˣܰư͵ˣÿζǰвŤģﲻˬƫһӲļһԷƵԽԽǷ
Ҳ⣬ȻֶֿʣɤﶼҪðˣȴȻһ˫֣ǰȥĲ豭һһɨһʹ˳ȥ䵽Աӽűߡ
̵Ĳˮһأðһŵһ鷴ӳ죬æȥס
һЦӵȻֻ¡
ֱţһڣ֣ȫȻûյ档
ƣ֪Լ̣˲ҽةฮĵŮٷˡ׻˵ɮ棬棬̫ȥԺ⾩ˡ
ȥָֻžĬĬʱ䣬ӦðϾͽˡΪļ޾죬˲һ
ɴ۾ٶŴ©Ĺߣֹ˺ܾúܾãֱ͸ûеɡ
˿˻ûзĴ㣬ɾ׶༪٣㰤Ҳһʵ̫ƣԵɡ
£ϾǴԽģ˵˻ܴԽȥİôϡͿˣң
ŵӰһ㣬Ժһ飬뵽걾Сڡ˼ŵˡķ˼
ɷ򣬳һǵʮУϧˣȻƤȥˣϾĸ˲ռײռ
Ҳ֪һ֪Ѷ᲻ģ̾϶ᣬ˵ڽˣ˼ҵĵ̫Цˡ
ҪˣЩûõģûϢԼһ䣬֮
ʱһһߣǵֵסԽԽӿ˯⣬˯˹ȥ

 18 


£Ժڣ걾ڰգΣһ£ȥԼӻ
ӱտʼ㵭ӵУһŷ˼ŵ˿̣ҲסˣˣӶܲסˣ˵һߣȲȥ취ȱ
ҹɫԺ࣬Ժǽ˭̧֪ţͻȻһӰܹһʹһ漴εˡ
߰ЦһõĽȻСѾͷҹǽ˼μҲˡ
Ц⻹ߣͼԶһŮŵȡ
֪붯ˡ
ܿ£Ժˣ޵ģû뵽Сʧ󣬾һѾͷ¶Լͣһ˷ݣˡ̼ǵ⸮һƬܴ֣˼ˣԥһʱԽݶҹɫڻԼûԤĲһûӳȥǷ֮ź԰ȥ
֪˼ڸڣЩͨûУֻǲ뱩¶ԼѣⲨѰȥۻȥҲ١

£ԺڣļūŻѣԺյͨĿߵ˵ǣжӦͨС˵ǼˣΪҵģ·һ·ϸһ·ڸѲߣʣһ·Ų
ֵĺܴ󣬸Ժµƣ˲ģһѾͷӸǲȥи˼Ϣ

ô߻˿̽ɫС԰ȥ˴γвЩãҲΪԼںޡһСѾͷѣȻһʱ֡ºˣð»ûһƲһͨ
أƺ⣬Щ֮ûӲڶиһ𾢶ŻѵѰˡ
пЦԼɷѿװСûЩˣû뵽һССĵԣҲʦڣԶԴ̾С˼μһһסֻǸոǽѾͷ̫֣ࡣ
ɺûȥ鷿֤ݵۡˣμˣƽ˿
ϴεԣ֮ƵᣬĻأֶθ
һɣȻ²֮ٹ͢ΪɣھС
˼ȴҲɼʶΡ
ˣˣ£ΪԼãɾ绢ҡ
ţܱߵ춯ȴԽԽһʱ޷ֻóһûƵԺӱȥտյԺӣĲݷ賤Ѿãһ̧ۣѾͷţɣ澿ʲôˣôһյƶûС
ѵ⸮ʲô˵˽Ųһ٣¡
ԺŲ쵽ǰԥһתԼûڻĲС
Ȼźӿ˽һȺˣѾͷԼһֱڣûİ˽Ժӡ
ͷȴģһһԺĲҲûŹָ߳Ȼᱻ֣ȥǰΪῳѾͷ󾱡
ǽڶζ֣ڶδСѾͷ
ںʹ£ƿţ¹⣬һŮӣڻ谵ֱϢ̫Ϥˣй٣Ҳȹʶɥʧ˯
һСѾͷܷѣ£ҪߡĳӲˣɱҲǲ֪ΪʲôһξˣصСʱȥǸ¿޿Լ
һϵ棬Ȼᱧ˯Ůӡ
ҹԲ죬ݶΪŵ㣬Ծ뿪

˼صʱ˵ü΢壬Ҫ걾æ߳⣬ԭίˣԺӱȥ˿˲˭˭ҽţֻһҪס
ɵϵûӰӡһһ˲հףãȻ޴ܿʧ
˴˵ûĽһ˼Ƭ̣æصԺ
ϡ죬ūˢˢԺ˼ŵǰĴѾͷҲû⡣
һݵӰӱˣ̨ϣ⸮һԾŶļ˿̣һԲɢɷ̲ǧıŭ˲ҷһԡ
Ϊ׵ǰһɨŴңҹ£˽ۣСԼͷ˵һλεĴ󵶣һɨԱߵĻӦ䡣
˵һæСװͷӦǡ
Ͻˣֻ
Ȼ¾״֤Ѱˡ
һ䣬˼תߵ£˼
Ƭ̺Ѿͷ˴ס˼ʣµ˽ݡ
ɫ԰ףһš
˼ɨݵѾͷӣͣѾͷϡѾͷ˵˿ĸһ˿һæսսĽ·һһʮȫг˵ֱ·˽ӲʱøٷʹȫȥյõЬϣִŭƿڴЦЦۡû
ãܺá˼Ц
췸˴ҲͷԷڡӾ󲻿ϴĥĥҲΪá֪񲻶ˣԹȰѵд˲ܻ˼Ŀ⣬̹Ȼ˵ⷬٲȻһĸģ
ĥӾˮ˼ۣŭӿֹ
ɲҽǲʹˣɲϵͷſѾͷֻҪϴʱ뿪
ǰǰæӦͣЩùߵˣһһ׷ΪԼʱ
˼ͷĸԭ򣬲Ϊҳ˵һϽ
ϽԽȺ롣
ȥʷ̨ˣ̼Ҹϣ˽»¸ϣԽύة࣬߬ȡ깬͢Ʒʸ񡣡
Ͻȥ
˲ţĸףҵùˣҲ޹⡣˵ˣ˾˼ҡҸǸһϵˣһپ٣һ𡣡
˻˼⣬˳˳彣ϵӣĸףǲˣҿʱ뿪񣬸׶ţٻ¡Ѿޣýˡھ˾˼ҼةฮǸûϵ
һҭ漴뵽ʲôЦΪŮӣô
걾ԣ֪æ⣺Ϸ˵
˼ɵѾͷԼ΢΢Цʣأ
걾æ죬£ԽԽڣ֮ǰֻ˽ڵ˵ͱʵˡæͷǸū澶ˡ
˼ûСӰ쵽Լ˵ĻشȢŵķˣӦ˵꣬ˣԺٷ˷ң˭ԳͷǵΥҾġ
ˣլǵ£ҲҪô
˼ɲ֪ڸĵģЦƬ̣ĸףǸǰһ˵վ˶ɫƽȥֶ֪ĳ츮Ӹҷ˼ǵױֵܣ£Ҳֺܷ
һ⻰ɫ䣬ȻʹˡǸֶӣ磬Сû˸ףĲƽֻ֪ԺζģҲѾӻʣ޼ƽհģͼҲɼҡǶĳ£нȨڣֶ类ڡ
æסקŷ˼ӣôô˵Ҳĸס˾˼ֻʣĸˣǲǣǸô
Ϊĸ״˽Ϊء
ĸ״ˣΪѰ졣ץסߣòͷ
˼ЦȻ߾ͲһһŻ¶
ĸѵ÷ɨһˣĸʹˣ񲻼ãѸе齻ٷ˹ɡ
㡭ҭס˵Ϊ˶ֻǿȴû뵽ˡ˵׻Ϊ¸СǸةฮŮˡ
ĸô
û顣սȭͷҧӦһ

 19 


Ľֵϣɽ¥ڵƻͨѽҹɶСӺǱԺӦһŮӣܲ졣
˷ڴϣԸӦǶιˣչˡ˵Ҫ뿪⣬ھͣ
£Ժأ̲סʡ
ȥѣ㿴ŽӼһ
£ʶɻˣӾƽϵʧȻһİŮӡ
ޱ飺ʶԼҲ޷ͣôĪһһϢŮӴˡҪѰһͷһ۴ϵˡ
Ϥ
̲סǰһ³׿ˡ
ԭǸ첱žáĹ
Ե֣ĶȥЩʳ
ӦǣЩ⣬ӣСѣ£Щ뿪˾Ͳˡ
޷Ҫߡ˵꣬Ʋǰ£ֳһ飬еؿ
ֻգ˳ȥ
ڰĿһ۴ϵŮӣƬ̺µĴ㣬Ѿͷã̽ϢǸ㣬Ͼǽˣˮ¥̨ȵ¡
֪ģ԰Ѫ˿Сһ˿ԥ
һ˲ԥһҩڣȻվɫ䡣
ԼʧظУ˵ɱˣɱĵǰָϻŮӵĲȷֻҪ΢΢ŮӱԽԽȴԽԽ
Ȼˡæ֣һԲ˴ǰ
һϡõ࣬һñ¡̣һֻŮӣһִֻףιʳ
ʳ󣬲԰׵ɫһ˿죬ûֻ÷
ȥһǰۿ˺ܾá
ݲЦ
ôƮƮӣҲסȻҪرʲô
һСѾͷ̽Ϣѣ֣óգԹԾͷ
ڴǰĵѡ
ܿ죬ͷԼˡ
ʳѣθнʧɤҲ٣ƺƤ˺ܾòӦλεĵƹ⡣ŶһѪɫͳǰͫһƿڴͽӡåǧġ˶
ͬĴʻ㣬˼ſھȻߣȴġ
һ㶣ϤһĻЦҿľˡ
ˣ̧ͷһȦİǽƺͻȻ뵽ʲôСһ壬˭µģ
㡭
֪ôֻû˵ڣѴ֪ҾˣΪǣú˲ǲǣ
ɳɳɣҶ¡ߣϽȥ
ʲôáûһ
ôòͷһΪ˳ڶǱԼǿӲͷͿ۸ġºˣ˺һܣǰˣָҹޣһ顣
Ļ̣ɫѿǲǸøǣ
һⲻǣǸǡֽе飬Ƭ̣֣
һ㶣ôţʹūءǵı¶ݣúʰʰ֪ߵغѾͷ
Ųͷߴٵ㣬ĥߴ
ֻѪӿǸǧѾͷôߣĵƬ̺ȴʹǰס߶
һյ蹦ϷүˣҲˣǰŻָָԶĲҿˡ
̫֡
˵ҪⲻǣⲻǸʾôʶôвƵġֱ׳⡣
ۣΣչâǷ
ߣŻ˭أŲ¡ôľ󡣼ȻǾ͵úúðͽͽֻ֪һ׷ñȸϣһý
ӣ
ѲСˣգգ۾ӣͷҲǲԡ
㡭ס졣ԼһУԽԽ졣ⲻ۵Ѿͷ㼸侹ĽУС
һס飬˼Ƭ̣һˮݵ֪Ϊʲôᱻˣ
㲻֪ˮͷҲû̧ڻһ䡣
Ҳ²¿ı顣
ʳָһЦҡͷȲ²ҪʲôǲҪ˵ҿ̣Ƕûǰ;Ͷ£ٻ󣬸̽Ϣ˵꣬ɷµĸ˸߹롣ҿܴôȻôһ£
죬СѾͷȻЩסеɫֻ˵²Ϊʲôᱻߴߴ˵ô
һ˵У˰ɡԭ£岻ãȻһСģٲһҪܾĳףöԷһ˿롣
һ͵Աץĸоܲʡ
Ųĸܣɤӣһ£Ҽɡ
ƿԣһʼŮӾռȻֻҪһڣӹȥ߶߶˵һѣ⣬ȴᣬֺãΪΪӪıܿһжĿܡ
ʵѼβӲԣеͷۡ
ʱֶһڣÿйֵֹģɨһȦͶǱĪһæͷӣˡ
ͷ
æת˳
С㣬ߡȻ˻ס
תһӣȻɫôˣ
Ǹֱûιҡ
ӣֻɫƽͷ漴뿪
һ죬Խӽղһ
ֱۺˡһ˼ǣǰֻǹԼӣڴڵĺ
һߣֱ۾ͺˡ⡭ˣӸòῴ˰ɣȻ˼ҹƤ˼һҡһ룬Ӳиȣﻹʣࡣ
һ꣬þ˺ܶ࣬һ飬Σ룬С㣬㲻Ҫ룬Һӿûϵ
Ц
С㣬ҽ졣˵꣬Ҳʼǰˡ
Ůīɫ·ͷ򵥵ͷ;ѰŮӲһߴ󣬿һӲʽ¡̲ס棬֣ȻĴֲڣĴָʳָ֮кϼ룬Ӧǳϰµĺۼ
㣬
Ź㻽ɡģûһ佱ȸԾܶͣŮһṦ˲һﲢͬ
㣬ҹô֣˻Σʡܱ۸ֵĻᶼûС
ûдӦҲûоܾ̫ˣĽˣֲ¿๦ֻ߽ݾٳɡһۣȺúö˵˵ŴȡһǶʯСʲݸذţԷ
ӹֱһΣȻһСذסдϲôСɣƽʱһ㲻ͻأ
˸߲Ҷӣ̽Ҽҹӡ
ʶյһμذףû̧ͷֱӾͻشˡ
Ϊʲô㣿˵꣬ЩڡɳڵĻղġ
쿴СĽӣʵľʣԶ˵ذף£ĵùȫ˵һ飬ֻݣҷ˴ĸͷңҲȥˣܵùִסˡǽҹԶҶ죬ǲͷȻͻ˯ȥˡ
ǽˣһ󵨺һŹｫ֮͸¶ȥ¥ݵˡ
쿴üͷ壬һתֿʼˣģڽԵ£ǲ˵ȥġƴ֣㶫Ȩƶˡ
𾪵ĿµˣвֺֿЦ
ɫ΢ɣߣҹұҹӴߵ£ǧҪ˵ȥס
Цŵͷ븴ˡ
һ˫ɹʶͺãҶɡĩһ䣺ǽʿǺˡ
öٺɫĵƹƮ⣬㶵ڴǰųıڸһĨɫڰ©һ΢⡣

 20 


յҹôݣ֪ѴˣǱ뿪¥
Žµʯӣ̵سȥʧһҹ֪ҳʲô뵽һӣҡҡͷȲȥˡ
Ȼٳͷܲûȥ䣬ʱﲢһˡ
ţͻȻ
˭֪ת·ϣһŤͷϽ
ˣҵˣһҹˡϽ¶ϲɫ
ظˣ˲̶ˣһ˾ʮͷۣټ˼ĺۡ
һ˵£͸˻֪ˣļ١
˵ֲܳΪ˼ĵɽƲƲ죬мŶΪˡ
죬˲ܲʣһ°ߣ͸Ͻļ٣ƭɵأǵԼͷϳݡ
ˣˣƤӣӵĿͷ飬ɵ
Ͻ˵ĲϽ͵ڹУ֪ܷ£ûмʱ
Ͷζˣûæûæ̹˭Ҳ˭˭ҲǷ˭ʼ磬ν֪ˣԹˡԼá ծһᡣ
û˵첽ص
һţеɣô̡磬̫û¶ͷԺˣĿˢˢɨ
죬˼ͷǸк
ݣͼף˼һԣɫƺ̫ãһզ࣬Ҳѹ֣Ȣķˣҹ飬ҲסеЦ
ǿŵˣЦˡ
ƽʱŵף˿ˣһʮλһЩ͵ˡˣЩˣΪ
ŬסʹԼǰЦĸףһˡ˵һԲֳĬ
ĸף쿴ۣȥϢɡ˼˵
˭֪ͻȻվǰ֣۵ܿˣʲôί˵ĸΪ
ί첻⣺֪İԽҹ졣
һ㶣漴ֱ᣺Ҳã㱻°ߡ
Ͻ鿪֣˼ĸ˵ЦˣˣԼ͵͵ܳȥġ
ˣϽ˼Ҫĸ˼һηˣ治ϲŭ
š۽ǣתˣλ岮հѸλֹ
˼ɫ䣬ȵĸס
˻δţһϧģһҹδ飬ֳ͵͵ܳȥģ˿̲˵Ȼ͸˵ˡ¹ذףá
ǰǰϵǷڵ棬Ū˷׷˵¸Ǳ°ߣлأϾܺߣһѡԼ͵ܳȥģʲһǺӳǽҪġ
ãܺá˼䣬ɫࡣ
һʹİ׺ˣ֣ص峤֡ һģ
׺վҵף¸عأɡȴϲһʱ͵ġ
еôˣعءĸ֣ܳһͷ𣺡ȵȣʲôعأͷӣ˵Ҫ֤ݵģҪˡ
񡣡һȵ˵վмƳһۣߣ㣿ۿ㱻°ߣӲ˵ۺӣЦŪˣԼ/
ͷǱ̵ȼһȻһɱǰָ˱Ϊϲ𣬵òȻԼ࣬ñҲࡣ˵겻һĭ
ɫɷףƽʱˣܹЩգ־Ҫ¸ֻŅ̀־ͱסҵķֲ˶֡˵ֱһ˦
һ򣬲ڵϣЩЩǱ֣ȴʵʵڡ
˼ɨһȦǰ֣ܲ˾Ҫߡ
մһʱһᱻĭҲ澡ʧ񲣬û˶Ӿ棬ά¸ˡ
˼ûлͷߵҲں
ߣߵģˡ峤ŭˣټԺӣʱĵġʢ˷׷棬סȥ·
Ͻ״ʾǰ
˫ţһ
Ӻ󣬾ʹ±״̬ûϵ˼绹ͦߣںͷϳ̲ݡ
ǾʺϣĹơ
ŴȺ˼֣תֻصڡԭֻһС£ͽ;͹ȥˣûҪôء
ҲǷ˼θߵľȾŵ̬ԣֻºͽ͵ҹ͵͵ܳȥҵĲԣԸܳͷ/Ҳϡ
벻ϾͲϣ˵ݣó֤ݰַˣոձ˼ǯƣ󶼿챻ˣղΣǶĶĶԷõġ
ǷӵĻ̾Ϣ飬ô֤
ǰǰһۡ
Ѿʶ峤ԶԵ˵ֻĵ峤Ŀڡ
峤ͷŪ̴飬ҵƬ̧̣ͷһ۷˼ȻңĮ¸ŵǿ֤ףԸ
˲ˣǧɺ峤˼--ʵȨ󽫾һӣԲŸһλᡣ
Ųóѣ˼һӣǷ˼һ顣ҪҲмֳɵ֤ݣ֤ףֻеݡ
ͷвͣĸԼǶʮһ͵ˣʱ˵Ŀ⡣
ԥʱǸ䳰ȷ¸ͷôãĪǱŲɡ
˻ðĻ۾һǴ֮
һ䣬ֹһ𾪣˼Ҳһ˼顣Ĵ㣬翴͸ԼֻҪƽУС¡˿¸Ļ˵һĸܣһңûܵ˺
Ȼ˵ǣЦţá˵ɫǷѵӡ
ӻ⣬Сµ¹ؽ棬о֤һ²˷ġ
Ѿ׼ˣǾĸˡ

ȹѰεʱ̣ȥС㣬ƽڶ᷿ϣλİһŪ/塣壬ͷ亹ֱð۾ͣ򴰿ܾڿӡûΪֹܿ˶
ֳţֻ˼ǰ̨¡
תƽ޲ӣ˿̰ӿ
϶ʱģȥǱӿͷͣǰͷỽ
˼û˵ĬĬǣ֣ģȥ
ϰ䣬ĻڴֲܴڣģȴִͨƤݸֱ֫ٺǿ岻ƽ
˶˵Ŀڣλ¸صָں档
Ϊ׵ǰһһۣ΢΢ҡͷ漴ЦŴٷ˱࣬Ǵ֮
һֱȻսʹԵĵһۡһﲻиı飬뵽һʡײ͡ϲϹı˵٣Ҳۡ
ųԼ֣Ѿȫˣòšɷ˼ȴԽţˣˣһ
䣬ͻȻŭʣ죬̷ġһʹļףɸֵģ
ǳһ˶ӵ/һ٣еղ
˼æĸף顣
˺ֻһ磬᲻£ҲܿϹ֡˵꿴ˣ¸̷ܣվͽߵĵѾͷյá
˼Цһãĸ׿ΪҴ㡣
˵ʲôնҪˡ´ĪҪѡ
ҲӦء
˵ʱ
ĸԣӿҲڵ̸ˡԶ뽹㣬һᣬ԰һԹϹڡ泩ϲ
˶˵޳ɣ׷ָ˼£ϾТ޺Ϊ
ǿ㳤ģϣáĸ׵Ļӭ˽ݰɡ
԰԰˶һʲôյ
ô󣬶ŮȺˡ
ھвˣסڼңҲи֪֪ȵˡ

һһ˵˵ֽӴˡ˲֪ȵˡ
ε̧ͷǡײϷ˼Ŀ⡣ͻȻ˼һѪĸ첲ţʹյߣɴ˵ˡ鳤ĻУҲ̫û䣬ֻ첲ⱻһ£۵ֱšɵˣҷֻܺݺݵʩһۡ
ҧʶġ
˵Ļֻ̬ȣĮļû¶У٬
ѵ¸Դף˽ݡ֪˭ͻȻ˸ͷ
һȻ
ѹֻˡһȻĵģ
æԸլ
ǰԸίԼҲԸģֻһΪѹʥʶ
ΪΪҵˣȻò̷
񻰡
ĸöʣ
Укһھ
ǸȺԶ󿪵ԣһŮǿŮƶʵӲˣı׳档
ѵϹӡûһλ˼շûһ㷴ءˣ˼˽ˣطƤӵ£ܻ䡣
һûȺ˶
쿴һۣһԣ֮ǰԣάȻưˡͻȻһֲõԤУ˸òݵɡ
ɲУûҵȥء
λ岮˵ƶʣУ˳Сϱˣ˵
¡˭֪˼ðһģɵĻ
ӣֺãûֹˣ԰ɣ
˵仰ͻȻ侲ˡòѰء
ղһʱ鼱Ȱˣ죬û뵽ǺˡѣȣǸСˡ
Ȼ˼ֹңظһ顰¡ǲش
쳹ûзˣô򵥵£ȴԸ
治ص
Ͻȥû·ڣ죬ΪĸҪ̷ҲҪΪ롣
ϱס
ãˣȥҲһ
ĸң͵͵Ŀ˷˼һֻۣĿⰵɢȻʮֿܡ
ķѳԣ̾òµԼ˿ǵͷӦˣ˲ͱ˼ĿˣҲùǾܾ£һڣƶʵñӾͷˣ³ҡ
п಻ķ˼ȻǸȥһ仰£ȴտڲԣѡ
ܾĵģһĿתڵĸĻӦ
챻˵Ŀţû˵ǳšһҧһţʱŴˣֿ˷˼һۣаЦȣ㲻ʣҲ塣
˼ܵĹĿ⣬΢΢һȣѣǵõ˳ͷɢһЩԺ󻹵˵¡
,ȵظΧĸס
˭֪û˵ڣ¸һת͵رסͷĻС߶ĸףҲܴӦ㡣

ЦȻһʸ
Ҳҡҡͷ׷װ¸ʶ̧١
̧ͷĿŷ˼һֹģƬ̣شһ㣬ǰһҧĸףˡ˵һԹչڴǰ
仰ʯһ㣬˲伤κˡھƬ̺ŷ˼ɷ׵ףΪʲô¸ԾǴ֮
ԭ°
ɷ֮¸뷨跨άϡͻȻˣȺпʼ¸߷ڣݳ̡
˾סƬ̣˼˵ģ
ǰ棬ſǻĸףˣˡ
ûع񣬽͵ҡ
˿̷˼ѻǧ˰̬ǧ㣬û㵽¸ҥ˽ΪۣòŮӣҰΪҪ
ͷֱ۵ײӿ죬ȴ˵¸Ա磿һξúլթɱ˾޴󣬱սϵĵ潣Ӱˡ
õۺܿͱ˽˿ŵŵò˵
˼һҲȥһѶקȥ
ûٸ

 21 


˼קŭң˩ţԸ걾⣬κ˿
˵Ŀյæ˳ƴѳӦ䣬Ц߷ڣСûʶŮһʶɡ˵žƷ˼һֱң۰ɣҸࡣ
ȷ˼ӦæƵĹԱߣ˫ָհ˸Ϊ
ֻˣǳԵϷȷʵ治ȥûԡ
˸飬ֺãҴˡ˵æ˶ؽڣȸ˵
仰˵˼ͺˣǱŮͿˣȻĶ˵һ顣
Ȼ˻ݼ䷢һЦܺ΢Ǳ׽ˡ
˼ŭɶ۵ɨ˹ȥ
֪һҪըëˡæ˱飬ɵ㶴ţһ֪ģ
ܺЦ
ҡͷֹɵĵһˮݵߣúõĻ뿴ҽյĻȻҲΪ롣ŵѽԺӣТӣù˼ĸ׵ӣòȥӦȥѱס˵꣬һ䣺˭ôʶȤĻհ
ǲǻøл㣿
òãԼ˲ÿ ˵ԵĶԷļʶԣæĿڵҸ̫Ѩ˵Ų󣬿ʼǺġ
˼ֻһ˫СһһİţԳϰ˵ͬȴûֹֻǱۣѵõ̷֮
䲻˵ֱԼҲ֪ŭûУ̽ԺϲĹֻܴҾġ
ΪֺõĻģٻӶԼĺøС
˭֪䣬ǰһЦ˿¡
ֲ֪ȵϻβˣæȣҴˣԺҲЩˣˡ
˵˾Ļ˼춯ģ˿ڵõο塣
ƺҲܵãȴƨϹС֪ˣضҲϲɡ˵꣬ùֵֹģô˵Ļ˰ɡ
ûü̽ĵͱǰһĻסˣֻ˼׵˦֣ͷҲص뿪ˡ
סˣôˣǺúõģô˵ͷź
ſڵ걾״æңϸ´һ飬û쳣ڷС㣬ûΪɣ
ûУⲻǺúõġ
ߵʱɫѿ
ʲôʱйɫ
Щҿ˵Ӧúϧǡ
סַָĶҲŲҪ̫ۡ
ǣеĴ˼Ҷˣ˭檵ġ
ԣҪ׬ǮϿ˵꣬ԼĶӣ걾ȥĺóԵĺúȵĶ⼸ˡ
걾޷ֹסææȥȡʳ
˼뿪ûټӰֱڹУ⡣
ԽԽȣ˼ŵ켸š
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һ죬޼¥¥żڣԱ߷һյɱɢ˿˿⡣
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СڿĿɿڴ˼걾㣬ģʽôû
걾ܵ⣺ҼСģ㵱ȻûƯɣǹеҲ⻨
ЦСڣ˵쳢ϲĻ´
ССһ÷⣬󿴿ҿƷһ֪¿ڡ̾磬̫ˣ˵꣬һȥ
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磬㻹ʲô
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걾ЦȻѾ֪ҼСǹôһһģŤ𣿡
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걾ЦҡҡͷΪ˶ģʳ£ͼӴ׻ɫĽСڲĿˮֱ
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һһ䣬ߴߴ۲ݡ
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״æ걾ÿһƴճһ̣ݸҲ
ûпֽȥҧһڣ̾Ҫ˵㻹ʲôӣɴˡֶӣ̫ңôгر𣬲ǿӡ
ҡҡͷɱ̫ޡٺãܿģ£˵ˣⶫˣû򣬱ϾԵûˣòʵ
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ʳ٣ȨײûʲôӰ죬ǵײաǾˣ˵Ầ˸ˡ
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ԽԽƣ޲嵽¥ȥݺҧŮһڡ
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ڣŴˬ壬Īðһ˿ɵԺУԼȢŮӣȻһ㣬һ
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һΣȷ˼Լڡ÷󽫾ŵĻ᲻࣬ûڰס
۾еͼֽĬ֣ʱ򣬷˼˾ȻҪߡ
ɵˣթһεĻûˣеͼֽڷ˼ǰ˻Σҵ̿쿪ţ󽫾ǵ
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˿ǧ¥˹۹Ե顣
˺ðĿŸ˽壬ҳŵصķá
˺ܺ棬ֻξǮ׬úܲ˼顣
ӦԺʱμ׫İ¹֮

 22 


̫ɽˣһôϢĽƣص
һԺӣ;ýЩһİѾͷһؾأĬ
ͷ̾ڼӣҲϲΨΨŵŵǴ˿ۣ˵ʲô
ƿţ׽մΪʲôôҵˣԭ˼ˡ
һƣŬһЦŷ˼׼׼һˡ
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ȥ˵žҪ˳ȥ
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һ㶣æ˹һﾹȻ裬ʡԵһڣʵµĻԸ
Ը˼һҷԸԸĶôҲ֪װ˳̬֮˭˿ûɷϣһ꺮ůģαڿ䣬ȴ˼һ˿ëˡ
ֻһ
û¡ѹĲݸһԿףƽ͵ǰԿףԺҪǮԼȥȡ
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ҷſʹԺǺ룬᲻׷֣첻ģûȷһΪãɲڻˬºͷƤ顣
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ҲЦտʮȸԾƽ޹ʵõһС⣬ˬˣţ˼Ҳ˳ۺܶࡣ
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ϸԵȣòڼңﶼˡ׳ģɵĻȺŪס۵Ҫ̷СѾͷȥźү˵һģСѾͷûĴȫˡ
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ҹ˵ڶͬޡ
˼ԡ¿ڴͷϴһһۣϴ˯Ŵϵˣֲ¡ƣ̿ʼֽſϴϣŰдд
⣬˯ºϴϴŴߴպһҹС
Ҳǽ̫ƣͣҲӦ˼̫ӣһŲͼû֪꣬˯ˡ
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գһ޼ɵ˯ȻѣһۣϷ˼񹲷ߵĿ̫һ˲ãȻҹ˹һҡ
ǵҹǴϵģȴڴϣѵǡѵһｫġ
йŮͬһ⡭еţͨͨͣ𱻽ǣ˿ûã룬һﻹ̫ޡ
˼Ծɱ۾ƺû˯ѣסԱŲŲʹԼһЩ룬ŷ֣һֻȾѹڶϣ˸ͷһûѣȻ
ס񣬳һûѣˣһжû
˯ڲ࣬´еѶȣСһֻţߵͻȻթʬ˯ˣ
Ҫſڣȴֵ˯Ȼ㳰Цζ
㲻Ҳһֱ˻ȥ˵ʶԣæȣô࣬˯Ӧġ
˼һ۴ڣüûҾˣһֱڡ˵಻ࡣ
⡭TMˣǽ˯˶ȥ
ַߺޣ֪һ׼ûӹɢҵͷ˳ղȥô
塣˵ó´·
췴ȥˣˣȥ㡣Ҫع
ȳԹһȥ˼Ƶ˵
ǡֻôӦ

 23 


󣬷˼Я조סȥ
걾һѾͷԶԶĸں棬ƺܻϲ
ɫķ糵΢紵תͣһƬ˼΢΢ֻЩС⻪ʵ̫ӲһۣװԺӣ˿ȴñһζ
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˼ĥƽնԺЩ˲װɣٴû𷣹ΪʲôԴӣȴģ
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˼̧ͷһȦûȴûϢϸ鿴ĻﵹùֻһƷһ
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ȥأڷ㡣˼ζĿһۣ
ӵ޵㶻ϲлл˵꣬걾ȸԾ뿪ӡ

 24 


⣬ȺƺˣȻΪȥТ˼ңڲƴ֡һͿεһա
еƱֿԼǮ治ۡ
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ͳƱýղʹӻӻ̫ԲסԼˡС걾Ƶĳȥ
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ܼæǰһֵϷˣС޵󸮣۰ĸҼү֪ˣضϲ
ʱСѾͷϷˣ׼ãٷʱԳ
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⿴ſ²ǽȥ̽ô򵥡㲡صҪŮԻȥ̷һ˵һˣôʦڴĵˡ
УŮͽŮרἰŮ뵽֮ǰ˵һټܼҲ̬ȣ֮ⲻھơЦЩǲǴˣΪ˼ɪгأýͷȷ˼վӡ
ͨƽޱİúõĻ˵ĸףæµ飬Ҹò档˵꣬ɬصͷ
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˸ȦӲǺά¸ôΪ˻˺Ƥ̨ôͻȻˣ̧̫Ѩ˻ţæȥ

 25 


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˼ڣæֻף漴죺죬Ҫؼ̽
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޷ˣҲֻգһһɡ
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˼ƺ뵽ʲô飬ɫ΢Դ̵ʣõģĪμ޸ҵģ

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˼ǰŮӣһ˫û˿㣬˲䣬Щǳ飬Ҳûô⡣̫峺ȻڵıڰֵѹȥˣҲա
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˼̾ȻһŮӣģĪ£һᾡȫȫ£Ҿϡ

 26 


ܿ쵽ةฮܼҵĴ£ģİݷˡԴ𡱸ס
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ҲԵʣһ۱ϲССԺ䡣ݣŶԺһŴƬƳγεĵտƿţһ棬ʮּ򵥣ȫһЩʵõɴ˿֮ǰةฮʱ򲢲ӡ
츧ŰɵĽ˯һԲ
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ҽƱػᾪʥϣж֪ةಡأʱͲǼ¡ⲡһ첻ãةһղϳôĵİճƷǾͽʱض²⣬Щةհ֧߻ԥᶯҡȻˣةҪһϳҪһպͿһսš
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һ㶣ӦȭҪҲ㣬ĵЦ
ѵü˿Ҳ̿洽ԳԵЦ
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˼΢㶣һĨʧƮͷǰˣŮһ˫ӣػûһ˿ʣ峺ף΢΢̾Ϣȥе֣صסһжҵ⣬ֻǱȷҶѣмǣ㸸ײ
ףǵŮϵ񻯡üͷЩ飬漴ɤӣ֪ˣҲںةԭҲûãסӣʵ̫ªûһ㾩йŮͷ˵գ˵ԵǰТǣڻңȥ
˼֪˼æ Īģڣί
ѵöһ̹һΣ˼һš
ȻˣŮϵѵϷҪȥ

 27 


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Ϲ˻ֻ쳣û˳졣
Ȼһֱ˾ӣЩӵܣΪˡǵö꣬˼Ĵָָͷÿؾأһ˿Խų׽ʱǰ޵ķʽȻΪԶġʱЩʧ䣬ΪԼڲףֻƣѡ
ţּϴԼܾ£вֵ֪᲻¸ô
ʱűƿгεˣæӭȥϣԭ˸ӣʱһӾͰȥˣϵʧ֮һһֲõԤС
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ֻһ䣬㳹׵ףô̵ʱΪ˼ֳˣ
ȻŮϷˣˣӿһĨ⣬ЦΪʲôң
˼ûӻֻ䶢е壬ôˣ
·˸ҵķڷѡЦЦһ˽ͷԺòҲõȷȱĵĸԣζ̲ԼŮ˸ǣ
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Ů˵ȴһ׮º뿪ʧʱȰ˵Ҫߵסֺαؽϡ
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ķңϹĻ⣬ΨǾ䡰һ˿ں㣬Ҳѡ˿̾ħһ㣬ǶԺǰûʼգûں
һƺִĦճŵ£ΪǸӡǸһ˲úæҵոŮ˺棬ԱհһϢûС
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̫˯ڽԵѾͷӶˣ걾·ǰսսΪˣͽ˯
˼δţţ˺ܾãڱ򿪣˯ۣû˵˵ˣ˵
˺ǣǴҾ֮⣿
˼һ˫ʵ˯ѿڶôˣ
һڣֻһ˱ڣ۵һűϣһȺѾͷӱ档
ǲǰͲ棿
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ĪסӿתһȦֺúõģûǵһɡ󣬿ǶԷֻ֣Сί˵ҿŽڼء
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һԷˣϽʹͷģģǧȷʹ
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һ㶣ԭΪʲôģ˽ڳôǲһϮĲͣͷͣԶԶԣ˽飬˽顣
˼ƺķӦ⣬ŵûÿ
̾ź
˳ϲ˵飬Ҫ˼ֺ
ģ⣬Ǹɴ೩ԺˡţֻϧϹСһŻò
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ǴСһͷ˰죬ԭǡ飬⡱žžž졣һ۷˼Ҳǣʯĳϧ񡣡
ǽ٩˵Ļȴһӭζɵˡ
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ף
һ䣬һαס֮ǰһĲͬ쳣ģԵģݾܾġ
ͣ⣬𾪣Ϲû˽飬ôΪǲǡ
һֳĿܸԺ˲佩ӲãȻ޴롣
ܿ죬ֱһȡ岻ǿһ佻ûУʲôòһʱɡ˵Ƿޣ̷쾭壬ֱ˵е㡭
ΪΪһ˿Ӧ
˼о䵭ͣ¶ںҹ£Ǳ뿪
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ȻԷ˼ϣֱǲҪˡ
ҹԽԽſͷϷȥ˯ţɴలοԼһûûûˣֺÿҲ̫Կ͵ѵСġ
ţһҹߡ

 28 


ҹ󣬷˼ûٻ
쿪ʼȫͶ뵽ԼУؽҹ⵭
ѾͷҴ棬˵СҪˣƺ̫ãϷѸϹȥˡ
һʱһƬհף˫·ڵϣŲð֡
걾һμ飬Ҳæǰס
˼˫ʹ˴꣬סæ걾ȥĵľڴſϽ
Էǰ񣬵ˣҪ³ˣնڣǴС֪һ
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ҪͻȻƿӴˣ㣬һˡ
ϽæƲҵ漴ȥ
յ蹦򣬼˱ϵ˷˼ŵż-
ҳһ飬ģŮŸ裬һɫصġãæȥ
ǰżˣռ--˼ŵĸһλܺƵĸˡ˴˿ȴüһ޿ӭ
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˵ǰѯʡ
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ƨɶŮˣ֪Ұ˵Լа˵ǿӸʲô
бôָűӦĻ㡭㡭񸾣Ŀ𳤣꣬ؿڴڴڵĴ
Цֵ˵ʮֶԣȷʵʮִ˵꣬һɢͷȣϽˣ۸ˡ˵꣬һͷײ˻
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׼͵غһ㵽Ͻ۾ˣôִңղŻô
סȻ񸾵ĵ³ʵִĴš
һᣬֿˣôҼЦˣҵĲǡŹأҪǶ˰ɡ˵ֳżˣǸûصģôҶӦõģҰТ˳֪񣬴δĪҵĲǨŭˣĿĴﵽˣŮ۸˼ŵ⽫֮һ顣ȸԤ롣
һԲӵĲ뿪˽ܿɢˡ
һչüѣֱ䣬˼ŵڲһӡĸƽ
̱ڣۿһȣĪˡ˼ĨĨ۾һĽ٣˻ϲģ˵ͻȻֵһᡣ
ǲģ֪˼ŵǷ֪С£֪ˣô룬᲻ʧ
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ˣҲͦõġҸһָܣԼı׼ȥ˵ġ˼ŵԼ֪ҸǷ˼ŵԼġ

 29 


Ӳǰߡ
Ȼһ죬һμѻǧ¥˹ͷϴһֻҡһλ߽Ὣǰ͸Ķ֮˱˵ж漴ʫŵǾóʱڳĺĺİ˵ʫܿ촫С
ʱһΪɽˡӹӡ
Ϣƣ˹׿ڳĲҡơ
Ϣһը˹Щµӵܣ׷ĽΪԼĺ֪һֻ˼֮ĲҡԱ⡣
ķԸ˴ʮֻƵģԹҵ֮衣ʮֻԲͬĲҡΪһһǵ̿յ
콫һһϵм۸񶨵úܸߣ˵ۡһȵģ᲻߹˿ܿ͡㽫ķŽΪǵЩ˽ӣֻҪƽƷ˼ΪƷһͷ׷ˬ֣ɡ
ԤûЩ˸ӹţΪһЦһǧ
һһűһ۶գǵĲ
һڻƣĽͣҳŵܿƷźȺһĴү

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Ǽʧٰһ˼˽⵽ĹȥҲ֪һ÷ı֣ʱû⡣˵ʵҲ紫ĲһҥԵܺߡ
ȴΪˣϲǸˣд˲Ķ
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˼һôҪ£ղΪβ棿
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һٳͷܲˣһĽﷴƽ
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յڽֶ¥ϣ˫ĿգۣЦе걾£ǽ׬˶Ǯͬʱָͷ

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걾йһ㣺ʮɣ
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걾ԼָѵǧɣҲûô
һڲ裬СѾͷң
Ҳҡ˵꣬۾ǧ
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ѵüʹ걾æʰòв裬ƨƨߵˡ
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һ紵Ҷ׷ףһ˸еļڡ첻ϲǰĻҰܾɫæջߡ
Ӧ걾ˣЦת
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ɵˣǲǻл֢Ȼ벻ףôôƶߣûǴĻԭҲû˽鰡
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Ƿǫ֮ᣬĿ𺣬ݺݵ죬߰ɣȻˡ˶ͬһ𣬰Ǹ걾
ֻ΢΢ͷãɿ֣͸ߡ
ǫ֮죬ҵҶ׼ˡ
ȻԭΪʱ⣬û뵽бѾ˵ѣֻķꡣ
һ֮һһ²¥

 30 


걾ԶԶƼӱӴߣתֲҴȣΪϴֳ£ڻĳ฾ۣٷĴϣʱ򻹲֪ʲô
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ԺմɨܸɾԷȵطʮ࣬ƷһӦȫ
׵󣬷˼ڴǰ죬Բһʱ֪οڰοܿʳʢһڼ˵죬Ե㶫
Ŀҡͷ
ģٴ˵ٳԵ㡣ô걾
ᵽ걾ۣת
˼״æ֮ǰ걾ȵ齲һ飬СѾͷ𣬲ͼӴףûʱ̣ƽʱСѾͷû뵽ôڻ£и̣Ѿͷǰҳ˲ɡ
Цһġ˵ôףһڲŷɤˣɻಱӣǸȾ纮ˡ
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ֻЩۣԶһǣֻô˭֪ãϵĽȥ˺ò·ܱ壬ůʱһš
˼ûڼˣæһԵ磬һνʵ죬ұֱŵģûչ˺㡭
ҡͷʵܸмʱ֣Сڲڻ˵ء
˼Լ¶ȣȻһһι
ûѣĵԣβԼһᡣ
һɤӺöˣŲʣСͦúȵģҲȵɡ
˼ûɵӣ룬ĳο죬סյ²ĴҪñ˵ĴͷԼ
ЦһΪΪסЩأЩ۶ѡ
ǲңвϸˡ
˼ЩңæҡͷҪ˼룬˵ֻǵн١˵ָ꣬籧뻳죬Ī˵ʧףҲ⣬ֻԼá
챾ϷŪϷŪѣû뵽ȴôһůůģ˳ƽؿѹѹʹԼһЩ
˼˼Ƭ̣漴սֱۡ
һ𣬾ֲ˼ķʽ

 31 


죬лл㡣
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ллᡣ
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вĵ˶٣ǲǺ³ҩ
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˼һ·һŤͷ˵ңһ
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˼Ц̺ɫȥǰԺ
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ҹͳʳˮæסܱߵľɫ
չǸԭסһׯڴ򽻵ʹɻͱԺĹйЩֻ
ҹͻȻһʱûѾͷ̣ʱָɹ˿̼ٷʻв֪ġ
ָŶɫˣ⸽һƬ֣ÿ죬һƬһɽͷɽ򾩶ûɽɽģĴٹϲǸԶ
Σƽ̹񣿿ôһƵ˳
һ֪ʲô˳Ż˵ˣﲻԶҰԵִƽ͵Ļһ顣
ĵͷһΣζҪȥһ

 32 


ʱ˼ŻصԺ
ԶԶı㱻ǰһĻۣԡŮӣʩ죬۴ݣС˵ģ޶ˣһɫ·Ϊ˸·䣬ͷһţ̶ͷһӣɰˡ
Լ·ϣһξûѪҺӿòͣ½Ų΢΢ƽϢ󣬲ǰ죬õˡ
תЦ·˵½ԭתһȦ
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ûԶǼð˼ĵͷԼŶĻ͸۳⸱壬ֲЩŲŲĹСزۣ촽һӲͷƤߣǰӸƤʵɡ
˼ǣһΣûͣ˼ҡҡͷ漴ȡͷú죬ǰһСϪȥЪЪš
̧ͷֵĿͷ۵ģҿûۡ
˼һҭӣһѽһ÷棬ôŲ˵졣
ԴͷѹĴϣκζԷ粽ãƬ̱Ͷˡ
˼һ̧ͷӭȷ׷ҸƬ̺ݡ
ܿ˵ĺоķӦۣ࣬˫ֲ֪ĴţշתƬ̲ɿ
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ҿ
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˼һ˵ǰǰ¾ͳˡ
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˼죬ͷð㻹ߵöô
򶨵Ŀ⣺ߵöߵö
˼ɽ׸ıƣκʱϲǿ
Բٷϻһѽȥ

 33 


һĻڲԶ
ٵϣһ˱ԲװξѰ˼õġ
ڳζãԭǷ󽫾ǲͷ࣬㿴Լķˡûۿ
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һбģȴ˺һ㣬ѵ͸ģ
ϹΪľѳۣҲô
ֻҪ㻹һ˿ʣͲܷ
ϹЦҲһĽΪθ˵Щ
һ㶣һڲ裬ǰĽҸûһܡҸʾὫҽر佫㲻һ㲻ù˼ݣȫȫ׷ԼҸ

ҿ԰㡣
ң
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ٺһЦ¶һŰɭɭݣ˷ģ㻰϶㻰ġֻǷ˵ľʢҲţΪҳΪǽѡ˵ָȥ

 34 


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СѾͷһľСԺֻѹѹһƬˣģȫԺſڡ
СѾͷһ㶣ЩãȻ
ҰҰ죺ֲιȥָָȺ˼ǸҲ߯ڼˣµĵطͱһѹҪŶӡ
һ䣬ȺˢˢŤͷ˹
æ֣󵽣ȻǺͷ
˴۵СֲۣؿΪ׵ĳ
ʧɫ˵֪꣬ʧæ졣
Ŷԭаءʼ磬ָָСѾͷ£Ծô֡˵꣬ƻȻ򣬡ѵµģҾ˵Ϲҵʳĸ´߶߶˵һѣûûˡ
æ廰ֹסˣȻ£Ǳ߰ɡ
ֲɵһ۱֪˼æڳһϲģһϹ£û뵽Ƶҡ˵Ťͷˣ޽飬Ʋ졣ȴҡж˵Ƭ̣³֮ģ춯أһȥ÷ϱ£Աл⡣
ɫǣæֳƲòáˣҪ뿪
һУŶӶȥʺŶۡ
һͣ½ŲɵҲ쵽ԣŮ
Ů⣬СѾͷǰˣūͷȥҴ򡣡
.ѵǽ뵽ô
Ŷ׹ˡ
ˣŶӣˣһһͨҽлǲ
һҪһܣֲʱյķȻŮõ/һһƬšƬ̲֪һο򳤹
ɫ࣬ƿԣȺģȫ˼Ůᣬ٣Щ˽H£ر𶮣ȴԵزס¡
ԭ㣬Ⱥ˵Ŀڣɵĳȥȴ¼ˣ˲죬˭
һµͷԺһսĽһš
ĿѴɣ쵧˵վ˴㶣һ߰ɣ˼ҵĺ¡˵꣬ͷתȥ
綨æȥҲˢˢĬĬĸȥ
˭֪һȺ˻ûԺſڣյŭһСѾͷ˹
һǰضųºֶΡ
ɫɷףҷһԡ
üô£û㾪ǣѵϽϷˣݡ
ֲ´ɱ˻ȥ
̫̫棬ܻˣһѽƿ˽ȥ
캹գǡ̫
Ѿ˵׷׵ͷδŮǺ
Ƭ̺̫̫һʧ˳Ŀⰵ·һʮ꣬漴磺ʲôʱһˣ
ãȻҡͷʯعɫ˲Ұף˵һڵϡ
Ҫƻ˼ةºˣûдĿģϹƸӪ
ִٳɵġ
̫̫ŭĿӵ۾뵽̫Ӽĸǻοŵʱ˵ȵס
ŷ·ͨʲô쿴˹ȥ亮Ъ˹ĳޡ
ʼ磬ν
ֻ߲ŻǺߡƲϴˡ

һ־û㴫ˡ

 35 


ľϯ׷׽ǣ뱥ĶӣȻ뿪
ûţԶԶؾͿ˼ƺڵ
һůſ˫۱˹ȥ
Щͷûǻæֽס
̫ˣԺٲˡ
գų֪ˣͲˡ¡β٬ζ
Сһ죬ŭ˼
Ц⣬Ŀ̹Ȼǣֳȥ
ſæңֻϹĸһæˣ˲Աܿŷ˼뿪
ϣһ޲Ŀ´ò֪̫̫ͨȥ׽İɡ
ü׽飬õĺá
ܶС᲻ԹңϾǰδޣӦЩڡ
һ㶣漴ŦӣǷֶ˵ã侹Ϊòġû˵꣬һѳȥ
ŵֽŽӲҶ
컯գǬƮһһڵģԼɼˣˣг
ʱûˡ
һĶǺ˾ûһ㣬ۣ˸ոʲôţ
츧˸ʪ촽æҡͷʲôҲûʣˡ
һصͷ
գõϢʥϾϹ͸ΪΪɼҵմŮͬ顣
⡭Ҳ̫ٶˣ̫ˡ
ϹôΪҵճŮԶԶܼŮ֮ϣҳҲûоܾ̫ˡ
ǻʵȷ˼
ҹڿԵõ˴𰸣ֻ֮
˼֫ſǰȻ󻺻Ϲ̫̫һʥ£ʹŮ֪ܣ鹡ʥϱ̫̫мӣͬͻ飬Ϲһ档˭֪̫̫ܣֻ˵ȣܼҵŮίͶŮԲ
⣺Ϊʲô
˼ָָԼ
һｲؼȻͣȻˣ֪ԭ޷ֻôȥһǡ
⣬ҡҡͷ
һɣ⣬ȥĴ
ĳһôſںסͷɿ
һڣһյһſǰ
˼үƵģϹûʽ΢̫̫ûԸŮΪңǲԸ봢λ֮˼һǴӴ߳ˣؼʱ̣׳֡һССĵŮϧҲ᲻˼
ʱϹ̫̫Ŀ࿴ͻȻһ˼һ᲻ҡ
˼æϽֵģԹ㡣
΢㶡
˼ڳָ֣˸΢̵˫գֻһլ֪µŮӣбڱ˼﷭˻
ǣƺ֪ң
˼üγĬ
켱ˣ˲֣ȥ
һȥ֪ϵˣȻƭͶ
һڣ϶ֱҹ뼫ӵߡ
֪ǲã磬õϢ羹һʥּͻ飬¼޸ӥΪޡ
ʮֲ죬ӥطྩǧ֮ԶͨƶǴͻ飬ֱԳš
һζԷ˼Ŀ࿴һﾹͣ˵ʥϣԺ
ͨĴȣԺɵñˡ
Ϸ˼ʱһԺӣԼ˹Ƶӭ
ѵ飬һˣҲŤһǰһȺѾͷĿɿڴ£һᣬ
һ
ԽԽ˷ܣָǲǵȲˣͷܣԺҲǲС˵žҪ֡
ɢæ§סĲӣҡͷ
˼Цһ첽ӡ
󡭡
ҹǺԾһº𳤹ͻ¡̫ʥϲӲܣΪֻƺľͳΣ˴ƽ⣬ʥϲóһйߣɱӺ
˼ĵͷֱ飺һΪߥ޵أ
Ŷյͼ˼һЦϧѹȥ
һҹһѾ
ӴԺѧˣٲսĵߡ
ӹ÷ɿ죬ת۵ʮһ³ӡ
һʱ¿ν⣬һʢ
ǰʥϽɼҵŮָԷףһӣѻ
˭֪ûãϾһԪ
ȥԸϯѣĪϹ˯ˣŻǶԷĴ˻ˡϹС֪ĳڣ˼Ľֻз˼һˣڨڨգ˭ԸʣοճĻӡ
һвһˣ˵ײơȨһӵҪŮӻļƻ÷һۡ
ץıʱΪƫĵĸʣһӣϹƮƮ͸ǲЩţܾöûع
Żڵ٣ĺ¡
һ磬͵ؿ𴲣ŷ˼ȥμ顣
ϵʱѽܼСӭȢ˻ڰء
һǺ붴
²ŷ˼һͬȥ鷿֡
Ҫ˵Ǹиġĸͷƿ˽һҲɵˡܼСòɣݰףҷ֣Ƥң㲻Ҳ֮أ̧ߴԼķǰ⡣
Ҳۣһ˲˲
궴ͷ˼ֿȥŮϯԾơ
ϣⲻ˸ְԡ
ֱ󸾵˽ʶҲϹɻӣΪңûʸǰ¶ġᵽ ҲЩꡣ
ֶһĻͻȻΪϹжǡ
ܿ˼㱻ɫʳ嵭ˡ
Ȼǻʼһ磬ϴϹʢݳ޶ˡ
Դűá
ԲĶȥҷ˼
ϻһڶŴ¶΢Ц
˻ϣ߳ȥ
֪ǲǴƵģƺ̫ˣֳĬԡ
ҹȷ²⡣
ˣʵţˡ
ģ̲סʣôˣƲ֣ǲ£
˼ЦҡҡͷֽԼ££
⣬ӦðŰҪڵʲôֻһ̫ʵ졣
̧ͷߣһòϹСͻȻˣһӸе䣿
˼ɫһƤǲǣ
æ㿪ȴ˲ˣȻΪλˣأʧǡ
ǳ˳ûʰ
첻ѡü壬ⲻеۣæʧһпһĽԼͻȻ飬ȷʵܣⲢˣֻΪϤĶͻȻʧһʱϰ߶ѡԭϿĻԼ޸Ľϣܿġ
˼΢㣬Цеɬ˼Ƭ̣ڣ죬Բ𡣡
ѳȥʲô˼ͱ˯ˣǿˣ
˼εҡҡͷֽҳɻʱҲڣʧɡ
Ŷ˰죬ԭΪֲһֱߡ
찵ЦŲʧΪǸʱûҪڳŸЦأһóסһ񲻳ʵĶС
Цɤӣʱǲ֪ڲڳҶԣһġ
˼ԣ̧һۣȻƵģվЩ⡣
ˣ治£Щ˯ɡ顣
һᲹġ
úúãҡ
䣬ֱϤѹ£㡭ӲŻû˵ڣͱݺݶס
Ǹ֪ˣɴտڲʣȥˡ
ڵãûˣͿʼˡ
ˡ

 36 


û뵽ԼһֱƲ۵ܼŮһƤң뵽׮²㱻Լûʱ̾ѣ˼һĻܻӿϧ
ϹһĽż޸ж֣ƿͷһ˲䣬ǰһˣ޲̽뻳úñһɡ
ҹ˵ԣ˼Գ
һ£ҹҹС㷿ֱʶϹ˶Ǻ żλ˲Ϲ
ҹϹסԺȥ
һţƼǽεӰ΢΢񣬷·ֻصЩꡣ
áȥ̽ա
Ϲһϥ񣬻һ¡
ǳ˳û⣬᣺ãȼңұỤȫ
ϹлͿ
ҹ
޲޻Ӧ·һ˶
סеĲãٴȥˡ
ָ΢΢һһᣬ

ºŴг񡣽ҹĳԱΪӦӦѣɲ֪ΪΣ˿ȴ쳣죬·пȱһ©ڱ
˼Ժеֶ񣬽¹һ飬յóۣԼ̫Ϲ֧ˣ
ͨˣ㻺ţûͬߵ˵κλ
һҹߡ

ת۵˶գ䣬羹Ʈѩ
˼ڼңһڴתƣ˳·ȥԼ⡣
ɵģ·ϡ衣һɽˣ㱻ǰһĻסˡ죬¾һţӣôô죬Ҳûͷ
ɫ˳ȥһȦӺŽ롣ۼ⣬һקסô¡
ָָڵˣһԡ
ȣͷһã˵أҲûһΣȴ͵͵ԭϷء
ǳ˳û͸顣
̾һ
͸ķ϶һĿȻǵ˵
һһĻţԸӣϹĬһԺȲ裬·һ衣
첻զ࣬⡭ⲻëͷСϲŮǰ
ʲô
ڿʼͬΪ߶֪
˵Ļȷʵ̫ӵ
Ƿ˼ҸһǽԴŤɡ
˼ǣһ̧ͷһӴڣ󻹸Ͻʲô
Ҫ˳ȥȻһʹ˱ȥʹһҪһţסĴְļ򣬲Ҷ
Ǿˡ
ȻŲһˢˢ˹
ŵĳƹ§һŮӵļ磬˼ҵĴ⡭ôôޡ
磡Сڲ֪Ӻδ˳ǡǣĿɿڴ˵
˼Ҳ˹ͷƤ飬ƿ󣬶ŷ˼Цԩ
˼ޱ飬һɨ
֣ڣ󽫾˼ҹﲻԸ⣬ͲҪǿˡ
˼һֱӵͷ촽һǣԼķˣαΡ
զ࣬Ȩء֪æ￿˿ӦŤųҷýȢ֡
һָͷڿбȻ˰׹ֱ飺ǷȤҼء˵Ʋ¶ˡ
ڻһɢ͵ȥЦ
ɫ΢죬̧ŷ˼һЦֻֽ˻Σ֪ڲˣҹؽꡣԽԽ࣬ԽԽмܲס
ڲ࣬òһЩæŷ˼ȥ
ϣ˼
Сϲ裬һʱڡ
Ķͨ͸ˣϹ˼Щǰ£ﶼձΡ
ɤӣЦпʼůϵÿԼƵģеŤ
һһۣ漴ǵ¸ġ
۹⡣֣Īĵ⡣
ˣ.
ЦſϹأûϲģ
Ϲҡҡͷϲ
죺һϣҪȵʧȥ׷ڡ
Ҫ䳡ˡ
ס飺£Ҳһ£ȴӣӸ̨£ʶôĻ˳ȥȻСӵſްɡ
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군ûˡ
˭֪Ĳ˼ƣ뽫㲻һ˲ġ
캹գʮĶԼҲ룬⻰ϹĶֻὫԽԽԶ
˼⣬һۻƶΣȫϤǰЩӻġһ֧ǵúﻭģʱ˫ֿûţΪʮֲḧֻҹһ̧ͷɷнµ£˵ЦЩƯҷ˲ϲϲЩϡŹֵĶ
лָ֧ܿͼµһĻСһ죬һۡ
˼򴽣ͷ衣
һ㶣ɶʱ˼˺˵ȻûвЦ˹ȥ
˼û˵ǡ
ϣһ⣺ʲôô󿴼㣬ΪҪҲУôͬ˵ô໰
˼üؼҶѣѩ·ģһˤô졣£˵ͬѵǵôҴºȲ裬ֻǸ㴴ĺĶѡ
Ŷԭ
ְǿ֣ʣСԣֲ˵ѡ
Ϲ⣬ȴƫƫڳһģǰ˵ɲɡ
ֿķǵӣȷʵʺϼ̳дͳȻܶӵġ
߶߶ԼĹ۵㣬Сȥ㡭Ҹѵ˵ˣ
˼΢īͫУ˵Ķԣܶԡ˵꽫
۾Ҽû˵㡭
ʣµĻûڣ㱻ߵôݺݶס

 37 


һĶر䣬ëѩµײͣ
ĵյĺů켸ûгţȥʵǡһѾҹҹڣһΡΡΡֱƣ
̫˯ʱŻձͶݣĳ٣һܿ͹ȥˡҹ˼ֲϷЩЪϢ
һ·òľ˯һ첻𴲡еһȻȷʵ
³һһգòš
Ϊ򸾶˱磬μӵ硣
˵֣˵ֲСϺǰȥ֣Ϊÿһգֻ뼸׽Ļ׹ݡȴǷ򸾶ˣʵ˲⡣
ʷ˼ҲһãȻ
޷ܴܲӵ˵ȥ򣬽еĹμһ顣
磬컹ûϴ磬һæµŷ˼š
һ·ϣ˺ܶ࣬죬ҲûȻ
˼Ǻ̹Ȼ·ȥμһƽϯ
һж͸©ŹŹ֡
Ĭȴʮ־
˹ſڣһλͱȽϴ̫ӭ񣺡뽫ˣô磬˰ɡ
̫൹ͦģе˲ȫװͰ͵ġ΢΢˿ڣȴ˵ôˣ
⡭̫ͷϸȥƣֻԼĪʮӣԲһ˫Цеģźܺơ
ʥźܹܡ
ͷˣϽͽͽᣬæڣá
Ǻǫ飬ֳƲҵֻԼǸūš
ˣǷ˼ӴӴ󣬾Ӹǰһ̫ӭӡ
ûףһȺ˳Źɨʯ·鷿ǰ
ȥͨƬ̺˴˽ȥ
˵黢һСİëˣԷǿһ仰ġһ侳ʥЩţ档
ͷڷ˼棬һһһ룬Ȼһºͷ𣬡ɣûˣЩ񡣡
ӵŵͦƽġʱøС
ϣһ̣һϻӡ
ͷϵ˵ǳɻʱ¶˲ϣյһμ¸ǲϡ
զ࣬ôôֵһμŵļӸСޣҸӣ˼ҿӣһ֮
æԺֵͷ˦̧ȥ˼һƽɫֻ΢΢ͷ˼ǿԷĴ󵨵ؽƷ
˿æͷл
ΪԽʱַ֪ϣϹϵ£˵ˣҲˣϹ޵ĳֶαɣίˡ
֥£ӶҪ塣ǧѷѽ
̲ס̧ͷȥ
Զһƺûϵ̧ͷֱ΢΢ף¶Ц⡣
첻֪λӦһٺһЦɵˡ
˼㵹Ȣ˺÷ˡ
ѽӽԣȻˡ̡ϴ̫ҽҲôġԼȷʵǸֿȡЦĸˡ
˼һۣ΢΢죬ֶֹӵޣڴֱɣЦˡ
ģô˵Լϱ𣿻ֱɣ
л¿佱ʶ飬ΪӡѿڶӸԼһ飬ֳ˼˳ǡ
е̨ϵƨܶԷᷢŭϾֲЦ˲ǡ
˼һΣҪԲȴʥϾЦ
£˵ɡѡ
ԶԶԣֻŸˡԶ˶٣ָָ׵ӣ˼ϱ˵˵Ѿܾûôˡ
˼æл
С̫ϲ裬ҲƷ
ţõĲҶȷʵúȣ£ԺĲࡣ
ϣô
ӺͰֺ˵ǲϣ˾н룬ߵúȣôúȷҲ˵ǣѵĶúȡ
ڣߵЦæ£ū
ʣµĻû˵ڣ㱻Զϣ𶯲ģҲһˣȲʱˣЪЪ˵ָָ꣬Աߵӡ
ûѣ漴¡
ΧˣôһΧ¯ҹĸоһγ˼ȥƺҲЩͷˡ
һʳζ˼ֻһȺС̫Ÿճ¯ĸ룬һһڷֱߵĸ߼ϡ
ˣǱ׼ģ쳢Ц˵
һ㶣ʲôʱôӹһ룬̫϶˾ȻҲλãĦӵϲãá
ҲɵõĻҲὲл¡ӣտҵĸʮŮ࣬һĪЦ
ԶͷЦ˵úá
˼б½ЦʥϺմáȻȥɡ
ֱߵĵģÿһ˼࣬һһ
Σʻˡ
ҡҡͷ¶ϧʽֺÿǿڸв˵㡣
óԵģ
ҡҡͷóԵġ
ԶһӦһЦ
˵ġŵĻ´͸
˼̲ס廰жƷ˲빬
ԶæִЦſ죺ϣɲڲˣ޵ĵġ
վҳԣҾ͸˵꣬˼һ
ϵЦֲЦ˫ֲͣ
Զ¸ǣޣ޾͸ҳԡ˵꣬㲻˵޵ĵĲó𣿡
˫ץûĵģȡЦ̾һǸˣѵĶóԡ
Ҳ̲סʣԱˣϵʳô죿
ô¸ˡѣ¿ˡһʹļ׿Ľ
˼Ҳ̲סЦ
ץŵĲ÷ţֿӣ£ģҲĿ
ԶЦ⵹޵Ĳˡ
ԣĲǡһתվ˼ֱӣҳԹ磬ЩֵǮҡ
տĸŮ
ôô٣һٷܳ¶٣ڰ
ԶЦĿһ˳ؿڣһָţ˼콫ϱߡ
æǰһ߰˳һߴȤˣ߰ɣٳȥðǱŵĶ
컩£ҲŲߣ빬һ˲ףԵ磬񲻰һˡֶ˶٣ǾĥƤӣҲߡҪҲ÷ŷߡ
Զֹ˿ȣ˼ߣ
ԣǷģȥĻҲñ
Զ⣺˼˼ֿ졣
첻˿ڲ裬빬ǰҶûԷͷۻֻ÷ŷĸ첲ߣ빬ġôãòε˵е͹磬ʹԣԵžݣŵ߲·ͻ÷ŷ
һ䣬Ƭ̵ļžźôЦ

 38 


϶Ʈõѩͣˣ̫շˡ
鷿ǰ㳡ϣѩããһƬ·ĹΡ
бʱһ򸾶æ뿪鷿ǰȥ˷幬ӭۺϯ
δ·һԲС̫ࡣ
µŵı׶ʣСʲô֣꼸ˣ
ˣСҶСӣʮ꣬鷿СӾСȴܻ飬ű׶æЦͣЩ׶ȥнģӽ£׶ԽζճԽá
⽨ţ첻СԲСӣ鷿úøɣǰ;
Сæҵҵⶼı֡
ѩȻһС磬һѩ׷ﳯǴæ̧ȥ˼һת뻳ߴѩ󡣴ȥ׽ס֣ůš
ѽѽСأӰ첻á£ų֡Ȼ䣬ɾ·ҪŲš
˼ƺã֪Ӱ첻ãոڱҲûעЩ
õõãһﲻˡ̾ǣš
СӼ״һ̾ٳĽ
콫Դ˼ϲ˲䣬ȻԼĽأ˶٣̾˭ҷôϲأ˵ûţһ°ϡ
Сӣ
˼.
죺ߣǼʶһ˾ĳ
˼һú·
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Ǹ翵ͷһԺ㶵ŷ˼һ˫Ӹ˫Ͱü۾غˣʱ˵

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źںҹȪӿ·Ҫˮһȫɡ

 40 


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˼üëû˵ȴǰŲˡ

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˼鲻ԽҪûĴǣ㿪ˡ
ɣͼһֻ¹ŶıӡЦҡҡͷ˽ȥ
ǰŻ۵Ĺˡ
ǰʲôɾҹĶһĻһԾ΢΢ף˫Ҳ
ٻһȦԾû
ģʱû˷ִ硣
콫ȹʵҪ϶һ͵͵Ĵ΢Ľڴ
˼һ٣ſڣȴ˵
ĬĬߵϘȣȷûһ˿϶תǰ
һűһſţò£ֽͷ¡Ǿ仰˫Ŷ䡣
֪˶ãֹסˣڼž
ƿͷֱһ̧۱ײһ˫ްӣӳӰƺ΢΢
ǰ˻֣ôˣ
˼û˵

 42 


ǵıڳ
ԺѾͷӸϵ﹧꣬춪·˼ȥ䣬ǰ׼õĺַҡ
ʮֻϲݺع½뿪
ЪѾͷķ£ȥӵĹ£ԡ
ϴ˼ģ̲סǰ˻Σߴٵˣ콫ٷѵϴϴ˯ɡ
˼һۣͷ
ʵ̫ˣŴܿ㲻֪˯ˡ
֪˶ãһָֺоѣֲ˵ĴУëһ飬̲ס΢΢һ뾹в˼źӿд
ԼһԭΡ
ϵ˼ͣԣʣ𣿡
ǺͰ͵ҹ㲻˯ʲô
ţȻҧסơ
æֹסôˣ
˼һͣƬ̣򴽣ͷȥ
ôˣһ䡣
ûʲô㿪һЩ
ǽ²仹ǳϦҹתɢ£һһãȻֱ˼л˵
һ㶣еȻ
ɴ಻ţһѽקûпڵĴ㣬һʱеߣҹ˯ʲôɧǣϢѽ֪źˡŶˣǲǸôǮ
Ȼһһ
ֲһ䣺
֪ôСǷʰҧгȥոյȻ޴ӡ

ƹƹҺʹؿڣתۣ
й˼ͨ٣Сס򦶥ͷҹſ£Ϊ㲻ˣ
е˵ȥ
ԭΪ֪Ͳ̼ˡ
һ¾ò޳֣ڴף£գĶұĶ㶪ˣҲǧɽˮҵ㡣
ҹڸǵ˵ɫ
޵ȴԽԽŨ
ҵﲻû㣬򣬴ȤΣ³仰ƺִ
ôҪҶ٣ƭҡ
˻һŨķΧ˲ɢ
˼һ֫Ůӡ
Ƥʹ˦֣ߵҾ˵˵Ҫŵһԣ¶ˡûһ仰
ü
ɤӣԸйҲ˵һ졣
˼ͻȻ˻ˣһˣͷԳ˷ʱ䡣Ȼ˲ϲΪ㣬Ǹɴ໹ǡû˵꣬㽫ѹȥ

ЩԾƺղһ
ִ֣ܵҪģæġ̫ͻȻˣҲˡ
졣ѹֳԵĶ
̧ͷһ˫ɻ·Ҫȥ
һ٣˵

۾ˣɣ
ҧӭ˺ѷεʹʱȴ쵽ϵͣ
ȻۡˣҲ۰϶ƭ˵ģʵǼΨһ׼ԣΨһ׼
¿޵ˮƽһҲۡ
ûӦòӲ˰ɣС
Ʋע⵽쳣
ֻһ˼棬ɫơ⡢ã
ϸһ飬˲ˣ
̲͡סЦ
䣬ʱһ۵ɨ˹һߣס졣
ɣΪʱ˼ɭɭһЦʱɷӵľţһν¡
ΣϧƬǰ˿ᡣ
ܿ۵ܲסģҴˡ

úúãǰɣԱ᣺ҹۿ˵ͣС䣬ˡҰɡ
˼ˣѾͣˣҲͣ
һҹ𣬿ЯŵϵĻѩɢȥԺ÷ʢ֦ҡҷܿ컨㱻䣬ѩһ

˯ѵʱͣвʣɴۡ
ߵûӰ
ͷÿڸҪ˻һ˻ȥҹ̲סЦһ
ֲǹģŲʣ龰û걾ź
Ҫ´Ȼ֨һ߽
˲Ͽڿʣȥۼ¡
ûɵۣײϷ˼һ˫ӡ
Ŀ˸ȣûһ˿ƣ̬ͬˣΪʲôôأԣࡣŸˡ
ûһ·ûǹ
ûҲûǰʣŪ˰ɣ
ǺǣºҲأ۲ۣ֪캰ˣҲû۰װʲôβǡ
һۣû˵
˼򴽣ʣһַȡյιˮ
ˮȵģ¶ȸոպãġһҪԡ
ȴҡͷȳԵ㶫ûӦվ
ŷ֣߼϶һʳУոýġ
ֻȡһصǰ׼ι
ܾûǳ̶ȣ˵лŮԸûˣоⲻһ
죬ſڡз
һ飬ʱƤð˼Һú˵˵룬һȥֲ˲ǣһһֵ㲻Ƿҡ
˼.
һԸһԸ˭ҲǷ˭˵ܰܲ˵Ǻ⣬úüͣǰ;
Ȼ˻һɫͱѿ
찵ţһŻ߷ȥ
˭֪һ߾٣ڼϣ󲽳ԡȥ
´
첻Ҫԡʹȥ
Լȥ
ٴ㣬
æס죬ҹܲסʱ򣬷ŵ˯ʱԺӵ֪ˡ
˿ѣһӺ쵽
Ļںͷ
ԡһﾹ뿪ˣƤļԡͰ
಻ԣִ򲻹ߡȥɣɫֲʵûƬ̹򣬾ͱͲϡ

///գû𴲣ԺѾͷԴڷſ񣬵ȥź
֪˶ã㿪ˣȴǻ걾ȥ
ֹƬ̣걾һ˳µæǰסƳİ߰ѪסˡӾȻղšԲ
󣬱㻶ϲСѾͷȥ֪ͨǰЩʥ͵ĲƷȫóϣúòһ
ӣˣһùӣҪôڣСŮӳ˲ٿͷʳǻ嵭һЩȽϺá

 43 


Ҧ˳鷿ҹڹаŲ顣
ܿ԰ݾҵС̫ʬ壬ţĽˡ
ţ׿С̫Ƕˡ
¹ش½ۣ漰˾æҹ͸©Ͻˡ
ǣһһ磬컹ûϽ£Ժſڵӡ
ʱ¡ֹһҹķ磬¿֪ԺſڣͣĴ궯ֽţӼθ֪ӻû𴲣ֻõšȻҪûеüëĵز
ԺһУϤǰ⴩󡣿һˣûǰ벽ҿȥ
ֻӵС
˵ı£ʶģĸԽ˽ԽȥǲҪˡ
ȰȰ̫߸ˣӾȻû
ʵ⡣
Ϊӳ㣬壬Ҳ˯ʱ
ΪǲǳʲôʱСѾͷȥ
ʱѽ硣
ͷ£·鷿
һڣҲڡ
ͷѹĸˡ
ϽáϲơϲϲŮ˹ʶʧˣ÷ȿڡʵ
ûڣǰͻȻһ⡣
һӱþȣ΢΢죬ڻ˾䣺ʹá
˸ģͼϲ죬šһòǰסл
һ£ҹЪ֪£Ⱦˡ
ҲңǱְӦġ
ϽԺôɵȲ˵ʱ򣬸øȥȻˣǽ£ֱӴˡǷ˵
ƺеͷһæҡͷŵӣͷ̧:л㣬ҵı֡
ҡķǡһӣ˵ֱ꣬ߵʳУȻȵڣ˵鲻ȳԶ˰ɡԵһȲݸŵůů塣
ңæһյһҦյĵ˵һ顣
ûӻӦͻȻֿڵҦͳ˼˵ôײС̫ȷʵɡ
üĿˣ˵꣬һ䡣
ȴһôôǸˣ˭ҹȥ鲻ҲܱԹ˭˼δأ㵫еסȢңôЩ£˵˵ȥΪûá
ӣ

ϽɲҪѧӣϱһաǸĺ
ŵһ£ҡͷǣͷǣ޲ǳ֮ꡣ
ͼȰ³ԺȣʮҲҰ·͵ģ֮£ֻܳͶȥ
ĳӾ·ûһˣش󣬼Ȼ֮¾Ͱ˵ȥ
һ񣬡ȥҦգʵʵ˵˵Ƶһˡ

һıӰ
°ͣҡͷСӣĶãƤ̫
Ķã
ţôֵֹġŶһ⣬ССĲ롣
ҹ۸ϲˣŲǽѣֻڿһˣȻðݡ
ߺߺߣǾͳ˻úһᣬһ̳ˡ
԰ϽĶáԹԵͷһڲ裬һСÿ书ߣؼʵ
˼һȻ˵ǾͲ˵ˡ䲻һѽסĴ
걾鷿ſڣϽںѼ䣬ʾ緹¡
ÿӣײһĻ
СѹǣСҶ˵
ɢ飬ǽһƬ
æ˳ȥ
СѾͷ״æôˣ
ȥ֪һ˽յһЩ֪ͨЩ룬ԸóյˮԤԡ
СѾͷ⣺˲ǲԡ
걾һ͸ô໰
СѾͷŵӦǣСȥ
걾һ۹۱ǣǹģĽ
ˡ
ԤϵҪ죬ǡ쵽
ٴÿӣ˽ȥ
ѻָԭϵ鼮ѱ
ɫƽһ飬·û
ȴûȻССķϣΣɫȻۺۣ룬ֻǷеҡ
걾񣬽Ժ޵һĻߣ֪һ΢ЦС㣬ķеɣҸ
ȥЪϢ
걾æӦǣֻǵĸˡ

һյ󣬷˼³һеħɢˡ

뵽ϱ鲼Ϻۼæ˳ȥ
һ磬һڷݲݳ˵㷹ˣˡ
ʵûоĵޣֻԸ걾ĸɫʳָǡȻͷ˯
֪˶ã˯Ȼеһ˿Ժۣʲôһŭ˼ֳʲô磿
ĪҶҩƺķӦסĽףֹߡ
˼ҵ˽㾭𣿡ʹ˫ȣ
˽Ҫб£ÿ׼ȷĲס׵㡣ǹ˹ͷ棬һһʵԼ·
㡭һҵ߱ӽԼ
ʰգĿĹ߽յáޱչʾǰϹ˫ۡ
˵˷֮ʵɰĸҹֱ̫̫ͬ󵨣ʶ㣬Ҳмܲס
Ҫ˭֪һѳıӣ
Ҹ㿴
סۣƴҡͷһˣӱżѹĲˡŲҪһ֮¡
ｫһ飬û񫣬ͻȻһΨһ¾Ҳȥ
Ⱔǧġ
һ˲䣬˲һͷĻαƺѰһڵ
Ȼ쿴ҵģҲúúÿġʮʮ쾭塣
ʮΪ˲óѣֻܽ֡
˼Ҳţš
䡣Ƭ̺ҧ׳仰
˼ŵصͷԣΪǲܵ˵꣬һѳһ
죺.ģˡ

ջͶˡ

Ƭֱ̺ͨͦͦǶ
˭֪вȰջҪ£۾ȫ¿һ顣
죬Ϊ۰ɣ
Ŵ˵ĳ嶯³һ䣺ߴͣһ񡣡
ǲ֪ϽСӱȡΣ
һűôߣһϳԡ뽫̭һߣ䣬ɵͷԼǱģ˲һɤӣΡٷ硢Ӣʡɫɲ֮͡Ҽ۵ˣܼ޸㣬ϱĸ֡
˼һ˵

 44 


챻˼շʱ򣬺걾棬˵Ͻм
Ѿͷʮ꣬ͨ£ʱӣضд¡̧ۿŷ˼һһʱеЦ
ʳָ˴ҪĪϽõȡ
˼³һ㵹
ˣȥ
˼Ų鲻Ըˡ

Ͻյڶ̤£Ժ
ȻԾǷ
£ķֿڳԣӿڣ㽫Ϣ˵˳
Ҧս̽ĽǣޱĻʥϡ
ԭΪʥΪ棬Ĭҹȥ߻һ¡ĳ룬ŭֽ̫ӻȥݺݳһ٣ų켺˳Լĳº֡
̫ӵΪԼ⡣
ʥһԲ϶Ϊ
Ҳԣ̫̲סȥ
ʥϼ˼ڸģһʥּڶԣûз˼š
죺.ȻʥѲ⡣Ƕ֪ϹԸ꣬ñ붼ܲµ˭ǵһˡ
ʥôĪȥŭһصˡ
˵˼ҽ̫ӡ
Ǳأ˼ͻȻʡ
Ͻʥûֻʺ̫ӽ£Ĳѣ˵ͣ빬̼
ͷֵеʺϹ빬ȻҲ֪³֮֡Ϊ֮Ϊʲô
ѵΪ˾ĶϣϹҵ̫ӱݺ֤ݣ
̫͢ңĻ̥Ͻ˾Լص£ӹϵܴ⼱档
Ͻһ㶣æӡ
Īͷһ֡ĪСǰǴδй̫ӷĴȥʥҲû㣬鷿ĹѪͷ˾֪ңջǴһ
йϵ˼Ͻ˴ַԸȥУõԽעⱱҵĶ򡣡
Ͻȥ
̲סʣ¹ϵ߽Σ
ţҶҳڧó˻֡
һĴȣǲУսңҪҡ
˼ü᲻ҡ
ˣ˵©ˣűˡס飬мҪûѡ˵ѵĶϲȻ᲻á
˼.־Ҫʰ
쵹û㣬ϵıռצ˻ʾĵݡŪƬ̣֣ڣץÿò̫ߣһˡ
̫һʱ׼ǿЦ档ȥʥͷϣǻǵȥɡ
빬˯һأս̫ӵ¶ȥսң˯Ρ㿴Űɣ
˼˲ˣʲôô˵˿̲ȥΪ¡°˼ô
һƵհԶƵģôһ˲Լƺ˲֪ػɫж
һڶںϲ¡
ڣǸӦģȰʥϣµӰ콵͵Сɡʵ̫ţʲ
ԽԽóԿһҧɴʵ
Ȼǰһѽ֣ݺ׹Э
ŷǵ촽ǺǣɵġЦ
ǰˣ䲻ƮƮ³һ䣺ȷʵã˼ǵ泩޸㣬׬ˡ
˼䣡
һʱ䣬㵽˹ſڣͨСǰӭڡ
ˣʶģӾȻ鷿æµ
˼һʱգղŷ˺֣Ŵǰи٣ʵЩ
ип鷿밲
Ҳߵݴ󣬾˵ʲôֿڵ£չ꣬дˣô˼˼
˼˼ԶһŷӦһЦˡ
ԣæǰĺó
Զź˳ȥϣֻ꣬Ҫް꣬޶׼⡣
ãԣɲڡǻ˵ֶŷ˼ûУø֤
˼ӹӵĺ⣬Цŵͷʥ״̬Ԥĺúܶ࣬˿
ôˣǶ˽£
£ƭƭƭͷġ
˼Ĭ
ԶȴܸˣˣҹڹСֶŷ˼˼ϱȥǰפĶЪϢ
˼æл
ȴе㲻⣿ûбˣѵͿŶȥЪϢ
ԶЦŲ˵
״æ廰ˣȻûˡҲ֪۱СܶһһΡ
ЦֱԼϻۣûŪȥ
ϣС̫ػ˵뱸ڲ
һ˶ʱöˡ
ӴˣƲ
źĹˣϣ˵ɣΪ£˵Žһ۵зⶹƵǰ
ٺһЦǱһӾͿ͸С˼һ߳зⶹһ߸̾˼űĶڼң״
״
ǰΪ󽫾һסһھУȴϵڱɼķŲãΪ򾩴󽫾ͺˣֻעͿˡҲ԰ģʡǵʱԶҡ
⻹򵥣޲뾩ˡ
ǲУѣھǣ˵ˣҲƲ
޲ñս²͵ˡ
ҡͷе벻ս¾Ͳս¡ҰؼҷҲҹҹ˯š
˼˯ţҲǰ»ֻͨҹ̡̫
˼һæ񶨣ûУûС
ϣ˵Ȼ۾֮
˼
ƽ⣬㲻׷ʣֶ˵޸ô㣿
صˣ񣬶һƣžںģһ¶⡣˵˾ٱӣһ
㶵ؿ㱼ãŮѶ쵽еأµҪʲô
ӲߣҿҷɲΪ˽ҵ˽ػģΨ²ҡ˵ȹ̣߽հӣң̤ɽӡ˵ٺһЦôӢķϲˣ޲˨ϡ
˼.
ӣ.
һƬ̵ļžˣſģԸʵ֡
ǳ˳Цһ仨
˵һЩеûģЦͣ
ΣռBOSSڷȻˣޱԸȹ̳ãñпɳ֮
ƨƨߵЦ֪һ˲ⲻЧˡһƣл£ҾͿ԰ĳԺˡ˵꣬һ
Ƴһ۷˼ԼϲԵĲˣ󷽵ƵǰЦ쳢ֻҪ㲻뾩ңԺóԵĺúȵģȫø㡣
˼.ǶׯԳҲסò̲סЩ졣΢΢ŭĪ໰úóԷ
컷һȦӸҷƤĪЦ
˼.ٷԲȥˡ
ڣʥʣ˼̫Ӱ֮ͬ⣬ô
ԣ֣ص̫ӶغǫĴ͡
ⲻųʵסôֲ̾ڣϲŭ޳ȷʵͷۡҪֺʵѡͺˣҲٵӶԽ˵ע⡣
£ֻʡ
ȷ˼лӻԶԶԣ¡վģԵҸƵġҾˣϾˣͬһƽϣ˼ܹܾͲͬˣ˼ҿǱ¸ǰһ֮ˣõµ֪ˣ˼ӻҪҪ
ڳԷԲҭţæ˿˳˳ɤӣ˵Цˣ뽫С΢ʶ壬ū˶ô˼Ӳӡ
û˵£첻ͣߡԾգ㻶ϲϲ˳˳ٷꡣ
뿪ʱӵɫ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ
һ̫ӦˡϣӰѾ֮λȡ

 45 


λ޹û߼㵽ˡ
˼ʮи飬ʱ󲿷ʱ䶼ȹġ
ǰסӣƿţϤûб仯˴ɨĸɸɾһǰʱģǰ飬Ȼڷϡ
һ·صʱڡ
죬 ֣౦棬Ӳ۵Ľһϻӣ˴Ļҳ򿪡
ǰĶ
ͷǰҺϲЩһÿտʱó档
򿪿
һģһůƿӣͳһĥù⻬Сľݸ
ÿɰŮһ˫ģҲġ
æСһһڷϡ
ֵģӿһĨ飬һúñϻӣԼĿ£ȥ
Σѵһº͡ĸķӦסңֻ˫ֶʵ
ˣҲ룬ſӣĽڴգš
֪˶ãйˮ˵ԡˡ
˼ͣһۣȴûзƣһ潫
һΪ˲׹ֻûסĲӡ
񱧺ͯһ㣬ͽԡԸϴԡˣԸ·
ͷβؾصġ
ɣΪֳʲô۶ӣ·ãȷһոˣɡ˾ӡˡ
Ҳϴ
һæµ˲ŲĴϡ
ʱڳ壬ܲ˸һӲ崲ڰУͻȻ˵˾仰
ͦǰ֪ڳ壬Ц٩˵أôȫӲģˣԭʵӲ崲˯ġ
Цȴһ˵Щеûģú˯
⡭ˣ˵ڽһѣôͳ˶ˡ
Ƭ̣ȻˣһĪǽͯǷ롣
ǵë˯ţһסƣԳҴˣ˵㡣ᣬǲɶõ˶ģſˡ
ҹУı飬ȴãһܾʡҹ˳񣬹ΪڹУʱĵططŲϰ
һ֣ôߣȻ˫ůͣ¯ӣůů
û˵ȴеһӱˡ
ͻȻЦּưﴵε
ͻȻߵըˡ

һҹǳԾͷ
ŻŵҧӲҿһΨ±ȥڹУһع֮£ǿҪ龩ǡȻƤڣҲΪ˲෹̸ʡ
Խ̣Խǲ񡣽أħһֹݡ

һ磬źȦŷ˫ȣȥ鷿밲
տţйʥҪ£ǷԱ㡣
л
˼ڵ죬˯Թ緹ߡ
죡ûһֱۣůˣװ˭ء
˼һСҲãȥζС
ζУΣѲɽ۸һ١
ڸ̣һ죬СкҶ࣬ʱϲ
ģͻȻһҲûпȡ֮ⲻǵϲá
˼ͷѽ֣˾Ͷ
ţҵš۾˵ȥЬ࣬齡ҹֻ˯ʱ磬ɫ磬һ˵
տŸ˼Ͱ˹ѵõԾֻϥϡ
̫ɣһʱûƿ
죬ҹҡƺе飬û˵ȥ
ᣬƤǽˡವۣһɨ˹ȥ
ǣû𵽸еЧۣûƼ

졣һ
ɴ಻ǡ
졣
ûûˡ㵽Ҫһѣȣʡ
롭ѡڨڨģµС
һû뵽Ӧвæôˡ
˼Цһ£˵¡
׷ʣΪظ֪ĵ䣬Ȼ˵Ǿ˵ȥЩܼįɣ
׳Ĭ˼һһֱ㡣˵꽫˫ֲںڵͷ֣صһһֱһֱ㡣
ΣһЩֽԣٯҹҺ֣ܿԣ𡣡
һ㶣漴Ϊѹȥ
һտĹЩ˷˼ʱסһֱšصּޣܸˣæԸСǰϲĳʳȫһݡ
̫𣬳һһ飬ź˵ãŴ򿪡ҲǲˣĬĬڲԶţԷš
ֹ֪˶ãڿˡŲػǰ񣺡ūˡ
˼æ֣Σ
Ĺū廹Ӳʡֿ죺Ȣ˷ˣԺͲٹһˡ
æǰʰִüĿºͣ˼ʱ۹У۰һ뵽Щʱů飬ʮָм֣ллԷչˡ
æҵֺѼ䣬ȥ
еĺҶಢû˵ôóԣɿԵ㣬Ҳ̲סʢһ롣
ùţظ
ճ޵ŮҪҡʵǲȥɼܲס˼ܼҵ˵飬ѽȥ׼
ԣһ̤븮ţ㱻걾Ѿͷһ
ڶѸûԥһÿȥ
λؼңةһĳ̬Զʮ飬ӭ˽ȥ
º󣬼ĸҶæͩ˹
걾Ҷϰ磬ЩةھйȦеλ
һݣЦݣˡˡ
죺㣬ǰûô׽ΣԷ̫飬Ҳò˼ҵӣ΢΢ǻӦ
ͩȴܲмһ첻µز£μ˼ڣﲻˬſھ͵㣬ž˾˼ҵǫ֮粻ˣ֪
һ䣬˵ɫá
Ҷĺ壬ةһۣŭ㰢ѵûһΣЩʲô
ͩƲƲһ޹С׽Ҳ֪ô
ҶϺɸ֣໰㰢ѼˣԼҵ¶æˣ˼Щɵ¡
ͩҪڣҶһץĸ첲˵СӼҵģ£ԼԺӴȥ
ߣڳһЦ԰һӣǰҲߣһҪ˵˵ء˵ĸ첲ԹԵ
˿ڲ裺üңʱβȥҡ
ͩһ㶣ģ
쿴˼εʣ𣿡
˼ƷŲ裬ûӦ
̾Ȼʧͩñ֣ϲ˶ࡣ˵꣬ƺʲôת˼ǰϲǱ磬ζ޸˭֪ȵǣߣ㡣
˼Ĳ裬һۣ죬ҵĴԺһӱõġ
ͩ
Ҷϡةࣺ.

 46 


󣬲Ҷŷ˼뿪ةฮ
λص£Ժֱӵĺۡ
Ƕл񡣡걾ϴһһӵ˹
ס򿪷ҡͷ󣬺ܻˣȴֵǮͱµʹһȣⲻ˵Žӵݸ˼
˼Թһۣ걾ȥϽ
걾һԴæϽһֱ鷿˵ֺ꣬ٺЦſԼӣɵķҪԺſڣô죬ҿŻһ£ŤŽ
һ㶣ˣŻģ
걾һۣЦʼҺȰȿڲ裬ңĥĥŮƵģǲϽͣһż˵⽻ģԺſڻƣ͵ץŹԹԸԺӡ
˼.īߺڣⵥСѾͷԽԽˡ
ֵɵĺá˵ֶŷ˼ҲЩŮ󷽣˸ýͽҸǻһǱò㿴ôöûƼˣġ
˼.
걾ŵɫ˲䷺סӣ˵ĺôͷҿӵɫæСѾͷһӵļ́ⷿ
˼ææµµӣٿһȻ̧žߡ
Ҳȥ
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ȹ׷ȥһӵĺûô£˯š
ԭί㣬Ҳһӿ첽ӡ
ȵҡ
ߵ̫죬תȣ㲻Ӱ
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µ壬жȣһֱĸļӣңڸǰţ뷸Ҳ˰
ˣЩ̫ӣò
Ҫ׷ȥȴ˻
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ȴĬĬ֣ûԤʱ䣬㱻ϤĻеţ죬ôˣ
ЦһȦסĲӣһУȥ
һͣӦҪ㣬Ų£вҶ㣬Ҿͻˣ˵ҡ룬ˣ㽿Ȱæû˿ʹҰɡ˵ֽ꣬ŲãצƵĲϡ
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շת
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Ŷһưȥ
˼οɲҲû룬ƿ֪˾ſڱҪˡһ˲æȥΪΪ
յ㣬ԶСѾͷǻЦԺӳĵĺ֡
һӢӻһϸŮӣŮϲЦտſףһã׷ûɿ
˴Σˣֻ΢紵֦׼ˡ
֪˶ãŮ׹ˣͣЦӯӯӿƬ̺󣬺ߣһ䡣
֪ΪΣӵʱǵͨ죬ƺЩ̧
ŮӲŤŤȥţһǿ

Ͻ£Ժԭſڵӹκֲ걾Ѿͷ˽
鷿е˺ܾãûĵģ˸ɫڵĲ裬ѾͷůĥӲ£һٷʢĴ͡
벻ףͬǽūţΪ֮
걾ôӿУ˵ҲѾͷΪšݻе
ʱȻ洫Ųӭ˳ȥȻӻˡ
֪ǲǴӽƺе㲻һȻޱ飬ȫ¶͸Լɬ
Լͷһôӡ
ƣûʱɿæзһ顣
ӣڹڱ飬²̫ӡ
ԣ̫Ӳĺ񣿣һſڴˡ
Ͻͷǡ
żŷ˼ָָԼĴЦ
˼һ壺ôָˣ
ųɻãˡ˵žҪǰۡ
˼ͺúš
ǳ˳ûٶһԵ¡
˼ʣǱ߿Ϣ
Ͻֵĵط̫Ӽ£˵ʺӦؼңɲ֪ΪΣȴƲأƺ벻˲չˡ
᲻Ĳˣһ䡣
˼ڣ没أҲüŲ֪Ƕļˡ
˵᲻ڣöӹڳ谮һŮˡԲŽߡ
˼
Ͻŵò˵
ȻԼ˵Ļ⣬üͷ΢ݣеأ뽫¾˽ᣬһйƽĻȹ̣߽޷̫˳ǻ˼򰲰ߣȹһһ
˷ȥ˵ֿʼԷ˼ϣ
ʱеͷۡ
˼æϽ䣬˷
һ޻գȻϣܵʺд֡

ŭڣһߥ󹬣ڸʺʰһݣָʺƫ̫ӡߴ˵˺ܶ࣬սʺ¡
æȥŻȥĻʺһʱڸһ⣬ŭĿ𳤣ϹҲ˺ջˮ֤
Ϲһƽûб⣬ֻŵԸ̷ڻʺǰֱ
ӲÿɷһԲ
ȴɣǿӲקȥûһΪӵ̬
³׼ŭӡ
մŭء
廨󣬶⡣
ֵ÷зסܿ˾ռҹۻЦ̸

鷢͵ʵԤϣҲⲻ£˼ֿʼ飬æԴʹ
һæµҹȻЩڣ˯þ
ʺĲһֱʮżá
Űµʱ䣬ֱˣԭϹҵŮܳ裬ͶµĹԱֹ
꣬ʺʵƫģһУڶһ⡣
һִʹ˰ݣȻᷴʮּҵķ

 47 


£ű߾Ϣģ󣬾ڼСЩʣܡ
ˣⲻ˽ţʱһƬȻ
˼ἰ£ݣԾƲֹۣԵһ̽ӽֺ֮´رͥĶԷֻ̽ǲҲΪս
£ݸһ裺˫ʵ൱ҲҪԼķ
ˣȴò
š룬˫ƾУҷ̬ԥˡ
˼ͷ¾£óһ飬˻û֣ڲˡ
̧ۣȥʥ˼˵˵
ûãʥ
ɵӻеķվƤ꣬ĵȥȡһ˵ˡ˵꣬˫ֻסҪס
˼죬ȥʥϣֱ˵ɣòˡֺҡ˵ȴܳʵһεǯһĺԣֹȥ
죺˼㣬ֲⲻҸͷ¡
˼ ٶԣһǻ黯

յ¡죬ҹʽҶо֮ھƲȣæھ£Ͼ˼ã㽫ͻؾ
뽫ӻظչˣ
ţԼøĸһСŮڼң˲ġἰ£и֮⡣ܲܡ
ӻǣ㲻㣬ٳ֡
˼Ķͷлˡ
󣬽ӭλ͡
˼˵µʱûϣˣȴһ
Ĺһ˫ʮˮ飬ǻ˵һ㡣˵ڱȣȴһ㲻侩кŹŮ
΢Ц̬ţųжȡ
Բι飬һʱҳΨ˶ԷĶׯš
ۿҪ䳡˼һѣ˭֪˾ûӦɵһΡѣֻôĸ򵥽ùͲҪнԼұǡ
æͷͣٺһЦʾл
˼ְźѼ䣬㳹׶ϡ
ûٵӣⰲŵ
ӧڸס
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ڸУ˼飬һƣְۣﲻæֻ˼չӡ
һϢС
ǳϦҹʼҴΨһϢ
ܸˣϾĳֵصһ¡
˼ϹңæʣУ𣿡
˼ ŮУûϵŸ˲ˣС˼Ա
ɫԣ֪Բףæȣ˵֣ϢǲǺܸˣ
˼Ŀ⻺ƵĶϣֻԼģȤ
ĶӿʱЩû£ǳ˳εҲû죬ѾŬˡզһ⻰Ϊȴʮ٬
÷˼һʱ֪νӻϾŮ˵Ǵ¡ͱˣûԼ׶ӣһֱڻ
죬ҡҲǹġԥͰ³仰
ģûе뷨ʵĪŲĶӡ
һһЦҵ˼ǡҺŬˡҲû취
ŮӡһΪ˵ϣ˼Ȼ¶һѳķһȥ
Ъſǰݣϵ˷ܣӦմЩƽЩڡ
ôֱӡ
ֲ˶٣һ˵ȥʥôϢȻе㲻ȣڵĻ˵
㻹˼ģΪȷʵŬ˼˵ֲ꣬
󾪣æ߬סˣҪˡæָָڣɫ磬йͣδСһײá
˼ԣͣһ֪ˣŵԺ
͵ְɣôÿĹڸǰۡ
Ƥǲǣ˵ű㲻ķʼһֵĳͷ
һҪһҪ㡣
ž֣ͻȻ걾ţһӣСˣҽ뵽᷿Ȳ衣
ʧɫղ˶Ҳ֪ȥ١
˼ȴһƽææţʲôӣǳɻĸˣ쾭壬δ飬ȴҲʮ꣬Сˣ˵дҲĲ£ôˣ֪ܻ䡣
һ룬ȷʵ˼ѵʱңһ˲ӣʵ졣֪£ĴѾͷҲѡ
רʱ²ô򵥡һ˿֮Ȼƽؿŷ˼ȥһ£ȥȥ
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ĸÿ˾õȣƤҪҪˡȭһ£´׼·££ķ٣걾ȥ᷿
ӧѵһյ蹦򣬼΢Цǰһһۣؾء
ֱ飬ûгʱľһŮӣѻˣǱС뱸̬ţҲġޱػʣС㣬ôѰңΪ£
ӧûһ˿˿ʻΣ󷽷ŷ뽫ˣǣֻǡʵڷĲҸ硣Ѿûӵţ˿ʱڷ뽫ǰһ졣
Ȼԭһ뵽ղŶ˼ҵĻɣ첻ЩաǾ仰ô˵ţС֮ĶȾ֮ԣǸСˡ
þӵȾãæվЩӣʮæµմ˯˯ȥƣԵƬ̡
ĪѵðƬ̣ЪϢҾͲˡӧ˵꣬ϥ˳ȥ
ʧҹɫﱳӰǴҹ㣬̹
걾죺ҲСɵ
ţ
֪ϼŸϽȥȥɣŲߡ
ģ
ţСƣɲǰֵ
˻
һؾæ׷ѣ󲻹ΪԼЩݣŵڶߣҲƲۡԼЩ꣬˿䣬ûʣҶһЩƽӹ֮ĸԭǽ£ýʶųͷأ˵ǰ̹׸ǳһź£ѡ
֮飬ҾⲻϽС걾Ҫ˼ѧϰ
С㣬ɵװɵ
ţ
ͷѰõģڽ˼ڽϣ˵Ͻ
걾ѾͷȻ٣ļ򣬵зִ硣
˼Ƿ˼˵ãû֮ѵƾɽ˸ϳȥⲻµķ
̫ûǻ
һƮƮͱջȥǾǼͷŲϡ

 48 


ű߽ƽһһ޳սɣҪȫԸǿӦС
Ϣ˿
һֱűҸڹ۷ѡܴλ֮Ӱ쵽ãǻûеˮȵĵزǿ׳Ӧ࣬˭ʤ˭˵
ȻУҼκӦǿңַֹܿͣϢġ
ΧھϿյսΧһɢշ׷Ͻף˿
£걾ȥ֡
϶˲ٷӣŴ磬ϸʣԭǵһȵĴǣȫصѧӲ࣬ǧ۾
пѣ̬ǿӲܱңȻЩѧӴŵĻᡣ
Ӣ˻ʵ
ӦᱧЩʵʵĻ룬磬ķ˼ڣ̳дͳ
ԣӦģܻҪʮֿŶԡ
õ飬һȦȿ֣Żص£Ժ
һţӧڵ
С㣬ðЦ⣬˵
ӧϥ񣺡ˣǱģ߾Ҳûȥˡ
üﲻǼھѰһôôҪߣ˻Ϊдһɫˣ׼ã̬ϣһΪԷģ
ӧһ㶣ܿ¶һĨ΢ЦǾͷˡ
Ҫʱû˼˶٣򴽵򽫾Ǳ𣬸лһֱҺ͸չˡ
ˣˡ
ûһ
ԷһֱĬģһһơӢ۾Ů಻Ƿ˼ֵȢһ
ŵӧһǸ⣺һ棬һæˡ˵꣬˼ͷٺһЦﲻҪ
ӧһ㶣ɫеңҡ
ԴӻĻ죬쿴Ķԣ˿̣˵šҡȴϲ⡣
Ҳ֪Ʒʸ߽࣬һȾʯˮԼ۾ϴһٱ顣
Ҫ˼ֻš

ûһķ˼ˡ
ӧһվ
СͬǱ˵˵ȥźûУ춢ŷ˼˵
˼ɫһŮбҸСһңô
һ⣺ض࣬ѣĶϸˡ˵꣬ӧһЦС㣬Ī֣ҷ顣
ӧɫ䣬顱ûŮ˵̫ءСžţҲû뵽ô죬ôֱӱһ飬æ뽫˵ļǡ
ü㲻𣿡˵ȻŶһߥ޵Īŵһ˴ԼҪ
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˭֪ԽοԽΣһʱ͡
Ƭ̺󣬾ӧСл˶ӧչˡ
󷽰ڰ֣˼չ˵ģֻǶƤѡ
Ǹлл㣬ۣˡ˼ͻȻ̧֣ƺȷԼ˵ġ
΢죬ճ족ֻ鶯ʱŻ鲻Խ족˿̣׵ػʵһۣһﻹ˼ˣˣҲǱڵġ
С㣬Ҫߣҷ߰ЦĪϡסɫƳ޼뷿вȤ
ٳӧĽѡ
˼ŴԣеɫС㣬αҽֿйʥϲձ㽫͡ҽʥһ£˼òݣصΪ͡Ҿã棬ӦΪ棬¡
ӧһе㲻šԽٹٵͣǿҫڷھ
ãȻ죬Цŵͷ
Ƭ̺ȻϲӦͻʵ
Ӹ˴ųòȣټϸǰ;ʲϺҡһил㣬ӧû
ҲܸˣС㣬ϲ˵꣬˷˼ڳúñ֣Ѱ˼ҡ
⻰˵ֱףӧĵͷ¶ŮеĺΣˣҪȡЦӧ
ŲЩ֣ĳ㸸ĸţûΪҪԼȡգҸúô磬òָû±䡣
˼һĪ˵СԵ춨ǿ
ǳ˳һۣ㲻ǱҸǿˡ
˼
ӧ̲סЦ
ʱ걾˵Ѱںá˹ţӧϣæǶ롣
֣ظһߣú˵ģЩģץĲġҸҪȥȡ˼˵ѡһͺã涼ˡ
ź󣬷޶Ϩ˯¡
˼ʼˣ˽ҸŮӹһңǼ˼
һ㶣һﾹȻǵһ硣ͷ˼ҹҪвϵġ˵˱ѣ㼤ʲôŮӶϡһ
ô˵Ҳϡˣ
ûûûϡϡĽ˵ȥ
ôԾ
/̵ĺáںʶ࣬ʵʵģ˳˵Щڡǰ֪ǳŸɣʮֲҡǴˣһС̣Ȼ
ƺ汻򶯣ʮº͡

ֻºҪź֪ʶԡ
ˣ˯ɡ
ʲôˣӦ
ûҪͣ˼
һߡһһֱܽƣȴһĳֳ̬ˣľ飬ԭ򣬲֣в
úǰ̣˼ѾԱ˼ЪϢòãһĵֺζ
ôɣŬ䲻Ϸ˵Ŭ
⻰˵ûͷûβϰŻعζԭеĻ⣬ﻹû
ҴˡɴǸûһ˿ɣʮֳϿҡȴǡǡ෴˼һ飬ϻ˵ĺãһ¹һ£һһ룬ʱѾܹ/սأǹˡᣬʣ塣ԽףԽɡ
ţѾԭˣֵֻܲ
⻰̫֣סˣ׹ʲôʱѱѹ¡
˼ڹ˶ӣ̫۸ˡָմһ漴˵
Ѿϣֻʣʡ

 49 


ӧûе̫ãܿõĿͣʥںʳգԱйĽʿмνͷһݡ޷ʥô͡
æµһŹѧǣһŸִŴ硣
걾ӸԵسڵӧϡͷæֽĲ÷¡һԣѡܳòװ
ת۱㵽˽ӣһ磬뷨跨һС뱥ʳ
յӧһҺɫβװյĺܽǡôչ¶ˣΪάΣ˳ֲ̫࣬ܶεһŴǡô
лȫˡ
Ȼкǿȴû͹
һæµԺѾͷӣƺƴӶ䣬ִüλǰ˵̫࣬Ŀȥ
Զص£ԺԶԶأȻ˼ƽţвˬſڱ߶ôûһһæµ
˼ԣ¿ӣֲͳôǣԼҹͣҪæµʲô
죺ǲ˵Ϊ׳׳ƣӦ𣿡
ʥǰΪԣһ¶Ļᣬⲻƣ
죺 ֱУ˼ȻһƵϡӧΪ¶棬иҪ£Ҫ֧֣Ϊӳ룬ƥһź¡˼վΪҡźĿɽٺò˺񲻶һʼղͷһ·һ¶ϡ
Թ죬ȴ˵䣬ֻ³֣Ҷˡ
˼üɫƽգڣ罫ɫʳУȴŲ
걾״æǰԲС㣬⼸ǳСˣˬڡ˵УִԱߴɹʢһ࣬պʳڣģպųԡ
ţֲ÷˼ôʽĵطţԭǹڰͻȻ뵽һӧŴӣǿǾòɡǵĨʱ˼һ죬ʱҲû԰ͶȥɻĿ⣺
˼һ˲˽ɣΪʩ÷˷˵һƬ⡣
ŶŶŶǾͺãһΪΥףҪܳͷءɿؿڣ漴ӿʼʳ
һڣûݱȻѵũ£ҹ»ܵͣһҹ࣬¶ȿ֪һ䷹˲Ȼζʣǳ˳˼ҳԱˡ
һҲһ̱ȥˡ
˸Сʳʱ򣬾ûŸԼ㣿˼ִ˹žòԾǺʳڶѣôҲһ㣬ġ
ڨڨģźҲ֪֪ܿͳû㣬Ҳ㡣
ӴÿϧҾͽŵСĹˡ
ţٴ֦ҶҲ⻰ĹŹ֡˼ҲһûиĸС׼һʳ㷸᣿
˼Ʋǲǲ֪ж֣ԼҹﲻȥʥѣһħһΪģɷ׵Ժ󡣸ֵǣҹﵹͷ˯˿ûΪľЩ޷˵ڣֻðɫϣʶȤ
Ĳ˵ӺԽͣһңһֻһλᣬҼѣҲ⼸յĹͲˡ˵ǰǣ֣ߣˣİθԻﳣбĵģ֪ġû뵽óˡ
ͦϵʱ⼸ܵίֻţɿ:Ϊе£˵ĵģ
ʲôʲôôǵǼ£֮ĵڶ۵㣬εĺٺһЦҴˡ
ɲɴţʱ֪Ҽ޵㣬֪϶罫ģ۸㡣Ŷǵһұ۷ķȣνͷΣȻҲὫԼǧıá룬Ҷҵʱľٶжءεľ˹ϵܣЦ˵ͼӴ׿ʡ
Ȼ֪ģ˼ʮã֪ͺá˵ǣ˷Ͷι£ʳ㣬ȥеî
һմڼȵӧϢ˭֪ϣҲû˻
˼ʱ̲ס̽еϢ
˼ڹнš
ʲôһˣ
ǣй֮Ҷ¡
֮ǰҲû˵һ
ʥϼǣһʱ𣬱ˡ
ܾﲻԣ˵
ϴ˼޶Σ԰ռ˵ӧô¡
ͬһƬҹɫ£ʹڣεйڽʿҾ죬ڹйޣһȺܳ׷ߵл
ӧҲ⣬ڹޣѵõ棬⽻Ӧʱ˵ȥӡﲻӿһ˿֮С
˱˸ȥЪϢҲһԲС̫һľԺӣ￴Ųˮ԰ӣﾪ̾ѣȻʼɣССĲ۵Ľ֮ãҲסôõĵط
һԺʢӭӡ
йŮںţæȵסŹŮеļ΢΢ףڹŮķԡ¡ọ̈̄꣬ȵ
һæµ󣬹Ůù·ˮ̧˳ȥ
ʣһˣɳ
տյװκż̼¯ӣϢɢĴԣһɵ¯Ʈ޵㣬Ѭһ
ϣָڴɫĨĦأе
վˮȡ
ֻ֨һűƿһ㶣æ˻ȥ
̧ۣʥ˽ʧɫҵعСŮ֪´ݹ٣ʧԶӭ
Ӳ˵̧ͷڻֲ̿ǰͻȻһֻ֣ǯ°̧ͣͷֱգ˲ۡ
Ƭ̺ͷӳ
ֱһƬհס
Ī£ޡ
òۡ
һ۱˫ֱۡ·ֶϵʱ겻壬ֹסز
գ޷ķˣ֪Ϊ˭
֪֮ҧ֪
ӾûбŭЦһ޹ȻûпˣЩ̰ͼٻŮ˲һǰһεض¶ļ
ĿƣæֱۣǰƬڲסĵطס
ӵһӳСǿͷ
ʱɢҡͷ
ϲǿŮˣȻԸ⣬߰ɡСӻ
ӧһĳȵף߳ţǾǳ׵ӣǣǰ;ңȨΪûв©ǽҹһᴫЩͨ˶
˴ս᲻ѣȴûģٳٲ⻽һСӡ
ʧ룬Ȼ߬ס°ڣ£ӧԸ⡣
Ӵ¶һĨЦ⣬ȻǸСŮ˾סš֪ͳǸˣд֮ţ˼ԨԴ˼֪˼ĳᣬȽȽǱȥԼΪǿ
Ŀõķˣһӱۣһʱ󹬡һ£Լ£Ů˵»ӣҲһ̳ˡ

 50 


գûеӧ
йԼСܷͺֱӻصԼļ--ķѾõĵԸ
ģ걾֪̽Ȼ˱Ÿ
ɻ󲻰ʱһϢ龩ӾɵӧΪ
һ񺮡
ôҲʮˣӧʮ꣬Ҳ̫ˡһ뵽һ˸һŮͬ˯һŴϣ£ʱ˶ˡ
ӧϼ췹ûлء
ϧ̾

ԸѾȻһ£񸮵Ĺ˽æͣǴ£ŵԼС³ȣׯѵһļˡԷŵС㣬һԶͷϡӶԵСģĸиһ˾Ʊؽ°ƯƯ
˿̣ǵӧԡͰǰļӡŰ߰ߵĺۣȫҹµġ
һ뵽Լĳҹȹģֹס
Ȼ󲻿ԣڴ֮Ͼͨˣһˣ̬ӣ󸹱㣬еɷྶͥͷ֮βۣһСľͱˡ
һжǰͣһ໰ȥʥһĻ֦չסӵĿ⡭
Ǻ޵ˣʱҲأĬĬŲ衣
̲סڣôСĸԸ𣿡
˼ˣ˵Ҳãͬ⣬ԱµΪˣǲǿġ
룬ȷʵӧһʸ֦ҺŽף˼⣬ʥʱ˵ܲסջ󣬱ӡ
ζӳ£һֱ縸װ飬򸾶Ҳ۰мӡȸͻȻŮҪɽţʵǡ̫Ѫ̫۾
ǳ˳һʵĻʥãθ룿
ʥϿĸ֡شܸɴ࣬쾭塣
ſڣ˵ǽŵǸλϣǲҲˣȥ
ģܱΣһֻһˣӭţ檣մȾκˡͻȻƵıĳһ
óֻҪϲϱˣһͷҲص뿪㡣
˺ģ
ʼ磺žԡ
һ棬˼²֪еţæԲ𣬡˵ҲͬЦԲ𡣡
ʱе㲻֪ô죬ʵǣһ˵ųܲͨ̽ˡ

չ󣬷˼ֿʼ󲿷ʱլڼ죬ֹûûҹڵӡ
ڼ䣬ӧ빬źϲר֮衣
Ҳֻձڵᱳʹпԡ
п಻ͻȻһ죬˼ӽȥˣ֮æµ
Ȼϲʤɵģֹ߰գͻȻŴǿʼˡ
ĴǺ⣬򱱽ţԭҪ˭֪·תֿԽˣ£ѧɺ˷ܡ
ŷ˼ææòйϵ
ûʳڣͻȻһСϢδǵ٣׹ˣˤĺء
겻ѣһԱһҲѵҪĻᣬ²ʲôֻҪ쿼ȹеǱʦ֮⣬Щ˱ΪϵԴ
ɽ٣׹Դһкô
ȴеĲԾ˵йԱдǳ˼佫ҲһУڳƽ̹ʯ·ϣ׹ѡǧѷĺûᣬֻʣһҲҪȥʵ뿼ʦϵ
գǵ˺ܾãڵȵ˼
һţʣ׹ϡ棿
˼ʳָߣһķţϻۣ۽𾦣ֻСĸǽж
һæס˿ڡ
˼Ƶͷ⼸գϸϸ˵ɺã
֪֪ԽԽĵͷġ
ԡĴһὫ
䲻һг
ôԣҽ㡣

ãٵ׹ͷɢЩ벻ʣҪӱȥҲøһֱе̫ӵǸʲô
Ѷ֣ȿϷ̲ʲôʵʵĺôֻҪĸ̫ӵùģ͹ˡ
ϴαſڣܴ裬ϹҲסѾûȥԺϹУҲֻùܼͶȥ
񡰴ñʱȥ
˭֪һƿţſڣһ
һᣬæǰסУܡ˵꣬С棬ϡ
ȥһԲ԰׵Цųų
ѣǰĶӣַֻڴߣҲãһæͺ㡣
ϹͷҶ
˴ǣд·㰲̥ʱкϷ
ϹĿľΪ˴£ἰ˳űʣʲôϷ
˭֪ȴܶ𣺡ˣǲǳķ˲Ͽڡ
ҽθڲãԲ¡
ôɣܼҾûȥ̫ҽ
ɬͷ̫ҽ˵ˣڵӦ¾ͺˡ
ˡ
˶٣ʣո˵ĿϷʲô
¹ش󣬵ǲ֪Ϊá
Сһ䣬ûõ֪£ˡ˵һ룬ϲµģ˺棬ҹ˯ã约ġ
ƣٯģ̧ͷЦŽԼỷסߣǣ࣬һСľҪԴº޹ϵ˵򲻿ɸ֪ڶˡ
ͷֻС
ԭ̫ӾĪС㶫󣬻̻̲ա֪˭£ȻŻʺ˽գ˴δǵٹᣬȡĿĿй¶֧ԼҴ塣
ЩҴ壬ܣӵڶ࣬λȴֻһɮ٣˼̳ˣҪı·ЩǣСʳ岻ڣĲ䲻䣬ﻨǮ٣ĳһְֻٰǿʼ뽫һְٰȣٲ˸㣬ΪЩ̫ûϢˣټ򵥵Ĳ¶첻áҪģЩְûʵȨҲŹӶѣʵǮ
½ʽ΢˵Ӱɣǰ֪֮ȴ
˴δǣͻȻ̫˵Ķݣ⼸λ˲ݺᣬٸн׷׳׷޶ġ
⼫˽ܵĽףԭ˲ֻ֪ȿͷ˴Ǳ´󼪣ºɣҲ޶֤
ɲۣǰ֪˴¡
˵ҲңлʱĸСһһİˣ˽
С˵ᣬκΣԷƶᣬһΣ¹̫ӣһȤ
ǣԼṩϢʮָȤ

 51 


Żˣ
Ҳһλˣһܳӣڶ֮ӵУƽƽ档ǣòƽƽȴ£ǿƿ֪ӵʱ򣬶ʱǡ
һԼʮ꣬նڴӱŻôǵĻᣬֻһеڣԼɻڴֵܣӲ类ųĶ飬ʣµļλȫǵճųԹԣֱӲμӴǿԣˣ˭ǳأţЩֻ֪ԺֵľҷѡͷأȴһˣЩճֵ˿ƿĿֻ軨ЩǮŪʮȫʮĴ𰸣ǰԱмɡ
˵ʮֱߣ˲
򣬿ƾȡʿ¹գЩ˽ѡ/竣԰/Ǯٲһƿ˵ˣǹٳԤҪίεģЩ˵¹ذ괺áһƪ¶дˣ˺λãһʲô
ƣԼţֱӱɱ֮ǰ
˵ţֿˣţϸ˰ɣ´˵
ϹϷŹλᣬŤŤӣ磬˵꣬òãȻҹߡ
ĪҶ
Ϲ·ϾƵģֲ˲䡣
³һѧˣ֪۸ˡ
˭㻰˵һ룬۸ˡ
εεĵ泩úúã˵УĪҶҪ𡣡ҧҧĶȻ̫Ѱ·Һβһ̡
ĸ-ĸԽ˵ʥξͲҪˡ
Լʵ˽⣬¿϶ᱻˮʯȻű׹ѾüĿ
տʼظȫ׼
Ϲ˼صͷŤŤӣֹǧѷĻᣬֻ⵹̫һ˿ϧˡ
üô˻ᡭ
ţ̫ӱǶԷøʶ׼̶ˡ̫ӡ룬˶ԸӰûκκô˵Ϊ谭
˵ֻǴ¼֣Һú롣ὫڵϡطЪϢ
ϹĿѴɣûĲ£˷
һ޻
գһεլУβĳǵĵһգܶȨƵҵӶȥμӿƿԣյĴͷұЩղðͷƽҹӡб˵ֶѧ޹޼ƣȻûʸȥμӴǣ˿ûӰ쵽£Բ˫ۣɸӣߺš󡢴󡢴󡭡
ö׵׺ɸͣԸգ˫Ŀ죬ŭһ໰ͷɥվ
ĳ価ׯҽֹѹ綷ܵĹͷ뿪˶Ѷ
ĥŪ룬ͻȻײһˣﷳ꣬ҲûſھûۣͶ̥ء
ѽⲻ칫ôԷƺʶ˲еǾ
ŲѪ˿ۣǰˣŶֲãԭǳˣǸʲôС檵İձ˺״Ժı˼ϾĹϵˣ³һӵС붼޲
ûǰűȨƣھкֱײҲЩӵһ쵱˭ͿһӡգЩӵȫȥƿֵͷ
ҽһƷ̨ǰµĸоиǿңһ뵽Щŭ֡
յģܵүүǰǲҧ
칫ӣǲʶձЦ˵ֺһһ
ٷƨԶԶġ
ձɫ䣬ûȥгһƱӣݵǰ֪칫ӶΪǸ⣬ҽնĽЦɡ
һ㶣û뵽Է˿һʱҲٰŤŽӹƱӣһ֮࣬۷Ź⣬ϲ⣺갹ӿˣˡֻ޹»ǣ
ձ΢΢һЦʵ칫Ӵ򽻵Ľһñ֡
ǳ˳갹˵ЦˣұٺҲԽ¡
ձ̾ҼбľʼҲһ±Ͳʥֱۣڶ⣬񣬾Խѡ
ǰȷʵæס˿ڣʥϣȥ鷳ʹˡ
˴˵ĵط֪칫ӿɷһ˵
߬ƱӣŷӿĶ񫣺ԣÿ㡣
Ȼҵ¡
ձƲһԺ
һţձ蹪˹֣󡣡
ӹ裺ֵ˵޷
°ܳ裬Ӽѣı·Ͷ뽫¡ֿ֪ɷһ
Ϊѣ֣Ҳ㣬ѱڱ˵ϻ
ձһϧֺͿôվףϹͷŽ׹ĸֻҪάֺ˼ҵĹϵ뽫
ȻæͷԶԶԣҹĸˡл㣬ҳձȥ˼ңڱǰΪԼ䡣
ձ¶Ц޵飬ǲţϵֻԽԽ˶٣պСµһЩöҲǰװ̣ȥТĸ˼ҡ
ʹã
ּⲻǣ֣Ҿˡ
Ц㡣

˼⽻̫ƽʵʵ£Ժ
գΣͻȻԺ˵츮ıˡ
߶ţǰȥΪգ˻ûлӲòǰȥӦ
˵ԺûţһӵԶԶĴ˹ɩӡ
һֱ¡Ӧһˡ˵󷽷ӡ
߽еİܼӣʱøȫޡ
˸ߣɫɢɥһ֪Ϣңȡ
òȡ˵ˣֻӵ̫ʱһθ̲סŻ˳
ˡ
걾״æǰֻӣ֣˽ͲţոһǱţŴǰҲˣ˼һ£úдӣȷȥЪϢ
ܼæӦС
ɩӣȥЪţñ˲
Ļθһ󷭹
ٷһԣֻףӵֱĿ⣬걾֣첽ȥ

 52 


Ǻܿˣûеʯ쾪ĴϷ
գȴͻȻٻҪ빬ʻէϢе㲻ţԼһµլŮˣʻĪ
ʱ˼ѳţֻʣһˣѣֻôһǰСӭСֳһںͷһ·϶Ĳ١
һĪ鷿
ڣյĴֻһˣ鰸֮ϣִʻī۾첻ҴţĬĬŲ֨
Σͣϣ֪޽Ϊλ
ãȻҡҡͷƲ֪
ţҹӲٺöӵ䣬ϲŭ
һæϣûУ칫Ǵ˲ٶţǶТĸ׵ġ˵꣬ͻȻʶæͣ칫ϵĸֶӣǹֶһֱ񣬳칫ţĸǡȥ´ڼҡпͣұǰȥ棬˵±ЦֻԼһ칫ӣû˵ϻ岻ʣ˷͵ĶĸԺĹţǲǺöҲá
ʵʵûвҴţȻӣȴһ̹
Ǳܻǻϴ˼ȻϾϵǶԵġ
ӵɵȴ¶ȣ԰ǰ·Ϲҷſҵ˳죬ûЩȵɧöȤ
һ΢а˵ԼѰڵġ
վֱ壺Եˮ磬ҷǴһءӣͻȻʻ˰ѰĲǣ칫ӳ⣬һׯصݣǾҥԣĻһᣬܵǰ⣬˵ǲ
ü˵޺ڰײ֣׾˲ԡ
һû£ٺһЦҿû˵⻰Լ˵ġ
ЦһۣǶϽҸ¡
조һƨƨѰһӣԹ£ֱм̾µĵģҲûһ
ԣǸ׼ġ
⻰һ䣬֪ΪΣͻȻĸ壬θһ鴤̲ס˳
TMDˣ鷿ǰĵˣ񷨣öʲô
죬£Ųţ治ǹġ
˭֪Ӳûʧ̬ŭο¡ֻϲʣǲȥ̫ҽԺѰơ⣬˼ϱȥ
һִȸĸоˣһʱежûеӧŵĻ
¡һϤ⴫һĨ޺ɫٻӰ˽
ʮֲ죬ûӧͬһƵģⱦĿźķۣһӣҺ촽ͿýΡ
ȻģʮֹֻǷһʮŮϣʮֹ졣
ٿæ
񡣡ӧӻ֣һλ̬
վֱµۻѱС̫ʰɾʱɲ٣£ģȥȷ
޷¶Ц⣬ۺ룬빬ǰסң£໰Ҫ˵ġ
εӧԷȻûлͬΪ֤ԷǱʱ̣磬Է˼С˼
Ȼӧɫ΢䣬һûи
еΣȴӵĺ⣬룬ǵǵ-Ͳܶԣ´ˣ
ӧǳ˳һ˿⣬ȣʲôûУֵһССĽڣڲ࣬Σ˸ڴĵƣܶ𣺡ϣڱǰɡ
һЦǰװǻƵŮ˲ʮѣȴΩΩФչʾ С˵־ũէӣֵ쾡£ʵ˷Ц
ڱǰʧôĵӡӧȻŭ
æס죬ҡͷֹЦһԲסԲס
ӧȴŹԵ֪ڱ¸ǰΣõ
֪˵û˵ʱҿڵ㡣½ԣҲòӡ
ѹݣӧŭɶֱ񸾣ſڿӣñֻƬײôĵ˵꿴ӣ˭֪üͷƺе㲻áһʶԼԽˣڣֵɱʱûڲѣڨڨģе²̨
Ҳرˣ״æ׵Լǣȥúѧϰǣٷ֮
һԲȴ⡣
ӧɫףף֧֧㡭´עͺã°ɡ
Ů˴֪ʱƣһԾԼǸںȥӦû⡣ϣҪ㣬һѳᷳ
ϥлЦ£·ոյһжûӰ쵽
ӧȴѣɫˣڴϣСӣ˴£ǸдȣѣӾӣɨءֺ£ȴԣһ˿ίܱ¶
ʱſ뽫
һ䣬ű򿪣˼ż󲽶
ӣݿʣüûһ˿׸⡣
ӧһʱۣ㱼ƺԿڴʼĳ徢־Զ޷ܵġͻȻԼе껪ίһ߲ϵ壬ûܹˮֺֻ֮áǿջЦ
һλᣬҲʾ֭ȥʸ֦Ѱһŵԡĵſ
ϧûҩġѹĵ׵ĻںԹϼֵǵĺʯ߰ţǸΪ꽫ʰ

˼Ǳ鷿˲ϸһǵ򣺡죬ôˣ
һ㶣żŻµ£һ˼Ҳ֪̲סģűµˡ
ӧ.ԭ⸾иʧĵطѹָո޿֡˼ﶼǸˣȳ¸Լ񣬶ʱֲˣһ뽫ûȥֵ
£Ȼ˹ȥЪϢ
ӧ󾪣Լһ£ӾȻߡ˻һ㣬ǿţ£˼Ȼ檻ŰɣϾŮ˼˵ҲЩ
ӼʶȤûٿڡ
ʱС̫ҽҴҸ
νˡ̫ҽʱеЦãҽóƣϴμ򵥵İûʲô⣬Ż£Ӧǿڿƣ֪ҽôëԼˣҲǰ¶ڡ
ǲѵʱСӿڣ£ҽ˵״Ժ״˽һ飬㽫̫ҽˡ
Ӷ̫ҽԺЩ˽⣬ҲŹ̫ҽı£ͻȻ䣬üչϲüң죬ơ
ʱһֲõԤС
Щӣ˯ˣθڲãΪǴֵģû¡
롭²ǡˡ
ãȻ첲̫ҽͻȻ뵽ʲô͵վխһ߬ס̫ҽ֣׳ҽ٢ҽģһҸ𵽵׵İɡ
̫ҽҲһ۶Էһǧ˰̬سСʲô֣˿ģ뽫Ľ飬ȣģۺʱΪȡ
ԣϲЦտֳżĿ⣬ɫĶˣҽ˵Ϊȡ
޸֤Ӿ̬ﻹšϲá
˼һʱеĪͷԡ
ӧҲԾС
ŷĽ˹ȥ
̫ҽֻԸһ£¹ط³ɡ
쾡׼ҽȷеᾹֹס˼ʧɫǰΪ᣺Ī£̫ҽѧǳֻóʣµĻڿУסˡ
Ƭ̵ãȻӲŤͷʣ˼㣬ȷҷ
̫ҽһ͸ôЩС£һèжȷϣ̫ҽԺҽ㾹ңҴǰΪ֪˵ֳ꣬ӹҾѵü뽫ʧ꣬ͬЦ䡣
Ӱڰ֣ﲻסظ£¡̬ȹ֣ĵӧһ
һ裬£ɤӡ
ȻܺãŶҲɫŮǴ£Щϲͨ㿴ȥޣ޿ⷿµõĲƷȫ͵ȥ˵꣬ʶףָĿڣ뽫൨ģΪ޷ǣӣ޺úòһ¡
ӧֱ飬жµȴұ¶һ˿һЦӯӯã£֮÷˰ȻصС
ԶԶԣ˵˵꣬æԸСӣȥ޵ͻȥвۡ
Сȥ

 53 


δӹصһ·ƺûдӻлع񡣴˽ӣŷַ˼ôһ·Ž˻
е㲻⣺ô
˼Ŷһ㶶
һӭ걾ηһЩȲǮЩ
걾ȥ
˼ʧƵſڲ̾ǰڣ£Ժ
̫ͻȻԺѾͷӻ֪е£Ĺ¹Խ󣬲ŻȻ򣬵ʱϲּӷŽգǰȥ߶ţһ˾ְæµ
ӳԺʳԺһһľȫиϲõһ顣
ڣʵڿȥڷ˼͵ǰ˻Σװʲô˼
˼׹У죬ҡ ˰쾹û˵һ仰
ûϢ޿̣һšѧǻ㡭ʲô㣿
˼Ƥʹһ˿죬ǲҪˣ
֣бҡͷɲһ
ʲôˣɻָĶӣü˼㾹Ȼƭҡ
ҡͷҽȷʵС
ǡ˼˵ؿ죬ֻһĻЦƬ̣ڷӦˣˣŭ־Ҫʰ
ָֻոմһ٣æ˻ƽ̹ĶӣίЦ
һ˭˻Ƶģһ仰ĵĻûУûΪ㲻ϲҶĺӣˣҲͲҪĸס
˼һˣæͣˣϲˣڶҪˡ
֪֪治֪ģ˭ﵽ룿˵һϲϲҲϲ
Щһķ˼ľѣĶӣ૵Ī˵סˣϲϲĽĸ׸ϲ㡣
˵æƿ໳ϣռͷ
˼üҾͲࣿ˵꣬һ£ֵԣҿɱˡҹţˣ˵࣬ȷʵࡣ
Сһ죬ҪҪˣҲû
ڻСҲ

죬æĵ׳졣
һطҲͬæµ󲻷֡
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ǵһգѮУǰ߶˴գ˿̣ҹƣ룬ȴǹԱòϢʱ䣬鷿⡣¹شĵɶҲ粽룬ضܣΨ˿
ɵҲһСӽһĵڽϡ
෢ȣûټ֣˳ȥСӣű¼ʮأأҿ͸ڴˣǽΪĸĪҪԹ
СӺգɵΪ׶ӣĪ˵ֵҹϵɽ»𺣣Ҳǡ
ҹ¹ش󣬵ڵֻƬﶼܱȥȻùĿˣҡ
С亹ֱðɵսȥǡ˵ȥȻ˾װ磬Сӻһ۾ϳˣΪǰȥſӭΡĴĿؿƿ໰Ҳԭ
ţû˼˶٣㳤ˣܶҪ˽գҪ졣
ǡ᲻жңƽСȻֻȣӣһЩ޹ؽҪ£ǴӽһЩһ˿ΣյϢ
зִ磬㲻عں¡
ԣԣԣз뽫򣬲Ƴˮ
һһлͻȻһ죬СһæҪǰȥ鿴
ߵסҡͷ
֪ӦոյĶǲ豭ˤӷŭˡ
ֹã߳һˣСӼ״æӭȥûȸɵȥЪϢ
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˿æǰһʰ
һ֮еĴ󳼶ˡ
ֹһյʱ䣬뽫Ҳˡ
ɵ˵Ҫˡ
һ룬鷿Ż߳ͨλԱ𱰴롣
ִ󳡺ϣСûʸȥźͷĬĬ˼Ÿֿܡ
ʱѾ
һα򿪣߳٣ǽͷӶСֹţԼԼ˽סĿ⡱Ρꡱϧˡۡ
СæЦǰλʰࡣ
Щ빬ʱϲͬ˵䣬ɽգһɫأء
СװſԾЦС̫ǳ
ˣСӲŷ֣мλسûȥ
š
ɫλԱſΪ֮ӿصˣ֮ǰߵԱһɫƽ̩֮Ȼһࡣ
СĿɿڴʱͶء
ͼλ˳
һ·ϣΪ׵ةྐྵͬЦ䣬Ϊǰˡ
һڽ⼸˳ȥ
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ԣ֮󣬸ɵȥϢܾ
һھĶжȹ
ʱĩһʥּ䲼
̫ӿԣƣݺǧԶ棬ڽʼйگ̤벽
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ʱٹ֪̾ϰеĪ
ܿǱ쵽߶ˡ
գһŻʰͻȻڽпڣ湤дһֺ֣ͷҲעװףƽͷϰգҲ֪һһ
˲µʥּݡ
Ҹţ֮󣬱ӦʿӣȺ򣬴ڴ֮ʣ˽ףˡɵϳͲȻ湦ѫ׿شᷢ䣬ְȥΪūӵܣʮ겻ˡ
˵һҪļƣϵΪūǣϵʮ겻ˡȥƵȲʮ꣬⼸ұ޷Ŀܡ
겻ѣЩ켣õ˾ȴףǳ̫ˡ
۷׷ףҲ²ʱһ̫Ѫĳճ
ֱ̫ԣܼ˹ƻ󣬲ŷ֪ﲻ⣬ñ˷֮˵óѣĿָ࣬

 54 


סˡ
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ѣ类ڻϿ
˼ȥûǶı̡
һ磬ةฮ
˭֪ûͬة˽»棬˼ҾȻˣѣֻõš
ŵҵŹȣΡΡǰһ棬֪´ݹ٣ʧԶӭ
һ㶣æʹãһ˿ӿͷƺ벻١
´󾪣һʱе벻ף̧һۣЦеģǰһģŷ
̫ӳһ£кθ߼˵߹¡
ŵҵһԣβͣҲ£Īģ塣
վæԿη˳ɻҵôȥŪɳ׾
ŵҵۣ²׼
һ㶣γԣ
罫͵ˣ
ԣֽͫô֪ģǼأûüó֪ˡ
ûͱȻǰʯͷԼĽš
ȻϹΪ˸ôðʧ㽫Լȥ
ŵҵĬһͽ̡
½ʵһһʮ֪¼ɣֻҪŵ£ЩҥԲơ˶٣ˣǲΪ·ǡ
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է֧Լ֣½ƽϢ̫ӱԼΪĿֻҪʱԣǼʵҪţ޿֮С
úϢҾͲˡ˵꣬ͷȥ
ڿϼµˣӱһ䡰ơ

صңæĸС˽Ǹܵ
˭֪һֱһֱȣֱ䣬С˲ŻŻŻһţ㾪ʧ£²ˡ
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СȥѰǸмӣȷˣֻ˷ܵӡǱƭˡ
ĿһߵС˵ĿڣŭһûõĶ
Сɫ԰ףͷʱ亹ҳһ
Ƭ̺֪֪һҧӸΡ䣺ͽһˣǸ򸸻ʱġ
һϵ鷿ߵ֮񣬶һһۣһʼӵܵɡ
ɫģ
ϲʻûЩҥԣһɣʣĥ˵ߣӿʼæ
ĸ󲡵ˣ̫ҽ˵Ľᡣ֮ǰʵϲĲ罫ϹϽӵסϼգĸ
еԥǵУš
̴֪ڶ࣬ʲôĸ˵˵ɡ
ЩģϾĿϵˣУһиʧ˭˵ȥƫĵĸ󣬿˵ϲĵҲûʲôôﲻԸ⣬ϾĥĥӦ
ɫʱһͽԵĵģ˲ãôĽ⽭ɽ
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Զ˼Ƭ̣ûоǸϣ֪Щʲô
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죺£⡭Ǻá
֪֪޲ġôϻ۵ŮӣӦûᰲ˼ġ
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ЩͳȥıҲû˸һǻŭϹԺӣżɽͷϢ˵ˣ
ϹսģҵȻ˵ˡ
һ㶣ŭʣô˵ǵģ
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ΪҪˣǸˣĪҪ
ϹѲеļЦһм²ϰңȻҪԳ֣ôˣ
һƸ۵ģ·һʶΪĺǹ
ϹЦһˣΪӡ˵꿴ͬһЦЦͣ
ǻͬнһʹʱһѪ˳˫Ŀ죬ͷֱ˲ȫޣһץסͷ˦ϣⶾⶾҪɱ㡣
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ϹЦˣȡһɫң૵궩飬͸ģ˻飬㽫ҡ˵ȡһɫҩҷС
Ҫ󾪣˹ȥ˿죬³

ϹЦ֣С£ܴ裬ֻ
һ̣Ļ֮֮
ģŻˣһʧȥ¶ȡ

 55 


ϹȥϢͬһˮӣûеһ㲨ơ
ǲ檣ûκαʾֻС̫ǰȥЭɥ°ˡ
ϹϵԾܼ꣬һλų۵ķˮһѡһˮء
ʹ˲ɥµϸ֦ĩڣʱ򣬿źʽβѡ
ûڻʼԺͣ鳬ȣֱᡣ
ձݲ¡

˼Ӹ٣׾ͱˣЩⲻȥϽԴԼؾһ쳣Լһʱ֪
ƺİź⣬ͷӦˡ
鰲׵󣬷˼죬Ƭ̲
û־üգܲˡ˼ֻǻжѣֲǷ㷸
ɢˣԴӱ춢ţ߲ͣţУǸΣաһ仨԰˼Ҳᱻ߶䣬˭ܵˡ
ղһܣʳѰʳʡ
һ˼Ͽݾ޲ϱɣĪҪԼ˵Žˣãݵߡ
õһûˣڸ㳳ܣע̬ȡ
úúá첻Աܡ˵꣬ź캢ͯһ㣺ԣ졣
һ˵еŶȷʵӰӣ˼ˣſڱ㺬סǿŻƳȳȵˣƷζֻԵ֣Ѻ³
º˳ûµ
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һ㶣ĸĶѽæͣӾٷڵǷ
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ӻҪͣͻȻ׹ֳˡԲԹӲָ⡣
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ı̫棬һʱеֲ١룬ˣһΣ˵ͷ
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Ȼ


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ԭε̨֮һĳ̹ӵܡ
СʱһӵһʳѾͷΧţ֣ſڡ˵ѧȴһֵܵõģΪ˺ܼүү۰岮ֵܼ״Ҳ׷ʾá
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з磬ҵĶŮնһģҪ޸
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ڶգȥӸǰڵ֪̽ǳ̼ҵĺӣӣӴͻ飬˸ĳ
֮Կ̽ɣΪһ˲ټҵףϣһ̫࣬߹ɢӼɣǾЩ̰ͼݵ˼ңЩƲϣһбһԾ
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찵һ໰ҧĹ̼ҵ˶ЩʲôֶθкβͬôгϢѾҫ棬ǳ˶ӣ֪㡣γ̹ùǻãвԱС
һʣ֮ȥҩãһԺӹ¶
šȥ˺Ļ䣬ң︸ĸȥ㽫һȥŮǰԸ︸ĸȥ㳹ҩá
ôĳȴôá
СӣʵɡʼƹΪ㡭˼ԲſڳԡϹҲס͵ͶͱĽ̫࣬ò
һ۷˼Ȼɫæ򳤵ôӢƵˡ
Сڣ.æͷԶԶԡҽһ˲ţ׿Խ˭ҲȲȥ
˿˵ĿĲһ
˼һСֵܣӵ²³Էҽһˡ
Сڳһл뽫

 56 


Сڰȳһ緹㽫ߡ
֮걾Ĳ£ԹԴһϳʳȥη̽
걾һæǰС㣬ţ
üãҾͲū
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걾һԷģûǮûҪ䣬ⷬǰȥηű߶š־ﲻԡӻںӣԹԹ
ӿţջ˼æʳиȥ
һ걾ɵˣĿûһǮ˳ηţȥˣΪ֮⡣

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éݶϣƤû̧ò徻һ롣
죺
ԼȥţĿ񾢶
ʿˮƽ㣬㲻˵лĻգң̫ˡ
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üһôģ˵ֱӣ˶ڣٷ磬ѣ˭Ϊҡ
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СæȥˣСĵ㣬·
εҡҡͷ
Ƭ̺һ˴Ӽ߳տţ˼۶
ֵ֪һ꣬ûǰæԸ
ǽļū״ҲǣҲǡ
ѣһԾڳԯϡ걾ӳͬԼһ
ڣƤһڷ˼ϣֻҪһ˵·һҿС
˼һӻţҪСķš
أڲˣŽס졭
˵̣æס˫ҡͷ
˼.
һƣָĿʾҴˣԺҲҡȻԺԺԺࡣ
˼£ĽҾǣҲῴŲܡ
ɵͷȴܵ⣬˭ķӼЧء
λε˸ſڡ
³󣬾Ͻڵȡ
м»Ҫ¡
æ份ǰѯʡ
ԭװ϶ǣˣҪ󣬹ƽ÷˼Эٰ졣
һ㶣һ佫Эٰʲôʮа˾ţ֣˻ˢ
ʱһעУôŬ޷˩ߡǳ˳ȥɣҪ
ȥ
ûٷԣԼ£ԺûҲûиһ
˼˶٣̲סʣ첻ȥ
죺ûС
Ҳȥˣ㡣
죺£ˡ߰ɣţһҪѭԼԸ£ڡ
˼ͣ½Ų£δװɵءЩ˵ȻһڼƵģ׶˼롣
Ȼһ䣬ˣ
ƾף̷ӳңһԱǰһȺϰ˶ж£ðŵԴķսй¶ȥ˵ͨһ̫ӹΪľګԻʺһƴӣξ˳֮£ʵ˷˼
˼ǣڱ󵷹
ţ̫ӳ飬˵Լܼջ󡣴һȥ̫Ҳڣϸ룬ȴˡһûôĳǸֵģҲͱģ
ȷ֣ôֵģ
˼֪ϸϸѯʡ֮⣬ɵ㡣
ЩСվȥ֧㡣ԩһˣҲҪŹκһˡ
˼ķ٣ڼҺúЪţһ½չҵһʱϻ˵ס޷ǲ˻˵
ţ֪ˡ˵ִߴ٣ȥɻɵúãн
ȴվŲ
̲סȥһȦ뻳Ƚɻ˵꣬Ĵȥ


 57 


һѩ׵ľɿˣǸȥȥ̽
С˹ǧȷȥûñ㽫̹Ӵ˳
ЦһȻ㡣
СˣֻǺܹ֣ʱ̲ܴˣһС̫ࡣ
Ϊ⣺ܴͨˡ˶٣ȥ¸󽫾
СһЦ£ǲҪūŷ⾢Ǹ˴Ӵγײ󽫾ϵūſǿһ飬û˵ǰŵɫףҲǡ뽫ɫѿˣûֱԾ
ɭϣ¶һĨɫҵø󽫾ӰѾ˵С˶Ｘ䡣
Сȥ

·ݵӣ췴ӦԽԽ󣬽Ųһ˿ζ
˼Ĳѣ޼ƿʩÿչǰԺϴɾǰա
ˣָһѾͷȥź
ѾͷӶ֮ǰ£ᳵ·ʮַġ
˼⣬СѾͷһЩˮĻѣ
ɵСѾͷӶʱĪ¶һĨЦ⣬ףʾ¶¡
ǵʼʱΪ͵ˣһνȣòڡѾͷ̷ʱʱǰӶκκãǵС˼͸͸ġɫͼ֮
ڳɹģϵԽԽ׽͡ڣֻĹ⡣
ôţͻȻʱѹȥܾúܾãʱӿһϷ޵ĵĸо
ǴЦĿͰϳ
ͻȻ󻷹һ˫ֱۣһƬ󱳡˼һݣȳȥ
ֱ˻ȥһ˫ϥصűһƬš
˼ŤͷֻӶŴƹڵϣͷûгȥĴ㡣
޿֡
Ӷ˭ֶΣƮһ仰
Ӷ̧ͷֱ˫ۣ򣺡˽Ҵ򷢹źǡȥ
ɫѿȥ
Ӷ˫أԺ˶֪ź
ߣִ󣿽ҪЮңЦһǾͱˡ
ûٶԣţӶͰǰ
Ȼոյĺǳӡ
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ԸһֱۣĪһɰ
ŷ˼ҵϢԡʱȥһƣ룬ĳʲô£æŲʣһ˸ϵԡ
ڣײ۵һĻе񣺡Ӷö˶˵Ϊβ·
ʱԵģ˵仰Ϊ֮ĺܶ꣬仰İѱֻҪһˣ˵ȻΪβŭģŻˣһûԵĵط롣
ӶͷСһԲһί۸ģ
ģӵ·ϣ˵ůͲ٣׻죬СĶš
Ӷ߬½ǣ޿Ϊ
ʲô
Ӷײ
ع񣬸ɶˣԭˮϷ˼ȢһԡͰˣ·ײˣ׿治ֵǮ
Ӷһ㶣һ˿ţȻ˲ΪҡͲˡ˵һͷײһԵİ
ûȥ֣һϷģⰫʵ̫ˡѰ˼Ҹһ÷ӣַһֱ֤͸͸ģȶȲ
Ӷ󾪣ͻȻ캰ش
ԺѾͷȫˡ
˲ڡ
ӶŵӣҲ̫ѨѰһ£޸
ԡͰڵððơ
ӶĿСȥ
üͣޣ˵һ㡣
˵ֻ꣬һԡͰֻǻûһδţ鲻ӡ
һȽϣͻȻԼԿˣ죬ڸȴˮܣ̫ƽˣвſڱ㳰˼㵽ж࣬ϴôˣôûϴã
ࣿ˼ҭһ¡
ʹԥ˹ȥʹһи˼
˼èңΪβ˼ʹ㡣
¹ӵľ»ᣬʱˡ޸УͬԲѡһÿѾͷǶǳ£ֵһᡣ֮£ȴûϵһ֪ӶţѾͷһһھԺӵ
㣬޹أҪ˼޹챧ƽƽĶӣŲ
˼ü㡣
ˣŲһվ̧űߣҳȥ͸͸
˼ˣվס
ûĻͷҡʣµĻŵʻضӡ
һתĹ򣬷˼Ѵ롣ֹסŲܵǰǰһ·һߺʣģǲоϣħ̽ҡ
˼бһۣҡ˵Ŵ˳ȥ
Ȼоϣ̾һ䣬׷ȥȵҡ
ӶһˣʣӬ

һϵʱ䣬ϽӶ¡
òγܹĸİʾ뷨ֻһֱӶأġ
գ֪ģҵٽһӵĴʵڲУΪ˴ҲС
ⲻ׬⣬Ȼ÷ŹɹˣǽˣʧˣŰٽˣ˻޵ͣǮҲ˼ҡ
ǿǲ·Ϊóˡ
꣬㶵һ䣺ȷʵײҪ
ϽŵĴҳ޲ŪϹԼĶ䡣
˼һڲ裬ֶ̲ƭŮӣȢһ͹ˡ
˫ĿԲ˰ҲûҵõĻʰ
ˣû˭Ѿ˼Ӷң
Դӻк󣬲֪ǲΪԲ¶ӪӲʹ˰ָͷҲû˭
˼˵֣֪ΪΣ
ѵΪȥϹܲ⣺ȥͼɶ
Ϲǰ˵ʲôˣܽ黳Ǻҡ
вȻʲôЦòΪҸȾʹƽη˽᣿˵꣬Цͣ
˼ɫ΢䡣
Ͻ˸ͷĺðˡ̫ˡ
Цˣ̾Ϊ󣬾Ͳ˵Ϲˡ򣬳ղףڹۣ˵úñ֣ȡ˼ڿӣʮĴ˵꣬ȿڲɤӣϽ칫ͳͳſڡ
ϽûҶس˼ȥ
˲һң봺װǣ
һѣҶһƨҷšӵΣᵣֳˮ
ӣ˼һӣȥŷ˵
Ͻȥ

 58 


ϽԴ˽͵ļӶſڡ
˵Էһƨҷš
˸ӦУɴվż⳯ڴ󺰣£ûٶһĲݵӡ
ɤ̫ٿֵ·ˡ
·˽ֲ²⡣ʱźͻȻһܼģˣǵͷҾˣˣȿڲ衣
ԽʵԷ֣ü΢͵Ķ嵥Ҳһ£һŻȥ
ܼҶͷðѡ
Է嵥Ͻν½ִֿЦֻӴڲ߳һСģˡ
ܼһ
Ŷˡ
Ͻǰϣ֪
Сǰ񣺡ˣūżɡ
׻
С˴нӹ嵥˻ȥת潫л⡣
ϽԼɤŻûзӳֵһѶ嵥£ǵ͸ģ˻Ȼ㲻֪飬ǽڵ壬һҼӱ͵ʲôģʱ˵塣
Χ۵ԽԽ࣬Сҧǵ¸ǰźģµĶҹţҴһġ
ɵÿϸϽ˵꣬һν嵥ȥ
С˺ӹӣԴ򿪼ɨһۣףһ˿ɫҲԡ
ǾͺáϽһӣֵǣȥӽȥ
ڼҶһȥ
ҹ鷿ҡҷһ͵ĲߣŷйһЩ
СæȰοϢŭ±·ȥǵøϽȥǡһ֪ˣ⵽ɾͲֵˡ
˼̫ܵƤҰװ޹أ±ܣһ
С˼ûһ˿ǣֻԼ뷨ӣ££ΪԷ󻼣ҽϵİ˺ãȥûñһףҵķԸھ͸©Լ˷뽫ĺš
һ٣תϲúúá˼Ƭ̣һɺĶ͵Ǹˣ֪ô
Ȼ˼˻ƾͼƣʵ¡ϰܵ򣬻öԷ˽֪ڵ˵һֻô󷽳͹ֲ֮˫ĸңһѶԭ£˳ڷ󽫾ǰ䣬Щ֮顣
Сˣ뽫ǰӡΰ¼úһ¡
ЦȻ罫ǶĺҲȻ󽫾ñӲο
Ͷһҹֱȼжϡ
ҪƣŹСǰ͡
ʮ⣬ԴϴξܾĸѾûн֪ʶʶȤûȥ˼Ҹǰơ
ڲ컹ûʾ빬в⣬ȴϲ֡
鷿һ˿
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ղøֲһЩһʱЩꡣ
Ϊӣ˽ӲãǸλáǳгٳûֵӳʲô⣬ϣƽ¡
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ʣôǲ£
̧ۣŷ븮˽һѶſڣ
¶ڵϢͦͨ׼ʷʣֱԵһϣܵݣӡǰãϰȴ·ҵʹӣ²͵͵顣һլˣʲôҲֻ֪Լóȥȥҵˣ˽ⲻǡ˵꣬˶٣һŭ䲻ϧŮˣûʶС֮ĶȾ֮뽫߷ڣΪ˺أΪ˳Ϊһ־ꡣⲻΪýģ˶ڣϰ˽˾ף㽫ֳᣬЦ
һޱ顣
һ֣ô׾ͺŪȥˡȸɣǺͿţøʼһ·󽫾ĵױܵ׿Խˡ
ΣͻȻʣ븮ϣϤ
̫Ϥˡһ飬¶ĪЦ⣬ɤӣǰϵԨԴȴΪ뽫һˡ
㽫Ϲһײ˽ᣬ컳ĵ½һ顣
ü𣺡ǰµһѩգȥ̽ļΣײ̽϶˱һŶˣĻƶˡ
ӵɫԽԽѿ
ǰգ̹̽ܳǣȥ̽˲˳Խ˵Խ𾢶˵ûȾŵġ
ɫ࣬̽ʲôˣ㲻֪
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ճĻӣնű˼ҵĺլ˽£гϢ˸öӡ
ȻȻʶԼַ˸ʵĽɡʧ룬æ⣺ʣǹⶢϣ̫ĿŵӲˡߣΪ͢س֮ޣ̽岻§§ʵ硣
Ӱڰֹ֣סĻ°ɡƺۣٶ˵һ֡
ͣ˳ȥ

鷿һУ˻Ȼ֪
£ԺʱϽѯĶ֪죬ûеȵһ˿ϢƣͻȻһϢ
ּΪأǨȥ
զ࣬һпܳΪĻӣĪȥأҪһסûӡ
ĵţһж
˭֪ȵֳõϢ
һߣ֮ǰǰ;͵ţէӵּ⣬ͬһ뿪ǣģЩ֧˿϶ȥζԶûлǸλá
θġ
糯ֱͦͦڳ룬ٹٵ棬£ӿھ̷ĸ󣬰Ǩء
һТӵģ
ӲΪȻТ˳Ǳ¡ӽԺҪʱĸ󣬲̤з﹬벽
綵ͷһˮһĵȵס̤з﹬޶
ãȻƬ̣޼ƿʩǰһةȥ
ŵҵȴͷ·˯ˡȻϺˡ
һվΪ˵ҧҧѡ񣺡ȥء

 59 


Ǩأ̫ͣٺԩԼݺ£ʵʵй䵳ȴ൱Ծ
ԽԽůͣڰ½׶Σθں
Ա󣬾棬̲סʼĥЩ߿©Ϣ
̫֮ǰڿ˵Լյŷ´ô˭
ԼеõϢŽҷ̫ӣǴ˭õϢģ
пܼ̳лλλճӣˮݣε󶼳ңǵ˭
һԺ

ļλУ޴ֻʣһˣһֱھСĬûдڸеĻӣԼǲˣҲ˵ģע⵽
Լ˽ĵģȹǱʶԸ룬ʱϣǿЩȥŴλá
ڣòһ⡣
ӻɵ˲鵽ͷϣлô
ԹʼҸӹϵ΢¼ɣûǿ󵽸а壬ȻҲűˣֶΡ
׼ӶԻ̬ȣԶŻˣֶģؼʱǰĽôֵַţĪļ
ȻˣҲȥǰΪԼ䣬һЩ
Ϊ˻ʼǵ£ĺۡ
ϣ˼һԸϢյ̫ӵüĿ
ǵã̫ӵĳУյһλ뽵Ȼˣк֣ûӰ̫ûֱӵ֤֤ʵԼ
˼ͷļãȴҲ׽һ˿˿̸ֹԴϲ뾩޶ԾʿԾӣ֮ǰûɣ·Ҳǰ˼·׷ҴӶһС̴ӿе֪һƼʳαⱾûʲô˲ߣʳһЩʳҲ˵ʱɫѿһѽαƺԸⱻ֪¡ʱķӦ֣С̴Ӽǵ
СͷһƽƵĴ࣬ƽ鷢ڸǣʼʱСʱ׹İ̺ۣѿԴڸǡ
˼˵꣬ݸһҳֽһѼ⽣ͼҸķ˿˵Բ½̵ͼڣֻнеĴײʸϡ֪Բ½Դ
̾ƽķء
˼һ㶣ͼڣ
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˼˼Ƭ̣Ц˳ԭлɡ
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˼Щʣɫ࣬˺ܾãһпϵۣɽ¶ˮ
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˼˵еֻǣ⻳벻ʵĴԻĸܡ
ڴؿ
˶٣ǰһ£ڹۿһŮʱʮһꡣ
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죺̬Į˵꣬ͻȻйˡˣһ϶˼ɺ
Ǻܾǰ飬˵Ѿˡ
Ǻ꿴С꿴ϣǱơҲԸһӽ˴Ͼû˻һʱҲʵļ̳ȥ룬ƽ˵װȷһţڳЩȥķ̽̽ʵǰհҵǵһֻ۱һֻۣȥǰˮȣߣ
˼üǲľô
ߣһһ룬ҿԭˡߡ˵㣬Υ£䣬
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µиС
챻ķëʲô
ڳû˵Ƭ̣ͻȻ˼˵ǰ£з¡
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ЦĪỽһ֣ƺеί
ȷʵС۹뷿˽£ĲɣЦ̬档
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ڴĵͷĿͻȻһֻ̽ı
һյʱ䣬˼̵ֽ£ͼӴһ顣
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ȴ죬˫ֽ߬ŴϢȡ
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ôţ˶٣ֽ̽Ľ
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ҧӵϷŰһƿı˽ȥ

գдϢԹá
մãߪΪʹλͬ
һʱ˵硣˲²⣬ʹ»ӣ󲻿ԡ
Ϣʱ򣬰ãôߵǻỵ¡
Ȼûձ㴫Ϣ
ⱾûʲôǺ󹬻ͨլԺĸ˱ɵӧ޿ݺ
ԽԽӲòȥ飬֪ģһӾͲ鵽ʺͷϡ
߾֣
ʺûб⣬
кǴϺĹûоӣһ㶨
ˣԻʺΪ̫һ˳̨
ӧøλָʧӣ˿Ϊ󣬲䶨µʮˡ

 60 


ϺḶ́ֻĪ˾ȴװףǽ̫һ֣һ󻼡
ȴסԼӦʲôŷ˼ڵĿյ빬ֳ͸㡣
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ü䣺˵Сֱۣèӡ
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Ц˵ˣ޸ɴưˡ
ҲӣСӼ۾СֹҷҲСۡ
ȻСȴҲһֲӶüչ⣬Ȼ˵ĿˡſڻۣͻȻ:˼ôû
һ뽫ҪȥܸϹʱСͷ˻ȥǡ
СһЦһۣæסЦ˸
˵Сӵһ˫ۣɫϣ£
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Ҫţз﹬룬˵ŷˣǰȥС
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Ӽ֣̾˿سǾܼ֣޸һʱ

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˵࣬ûȥһ䡣

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ʱ⣬û̫áӵеĴ٣Ҫ˼빬

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