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ҵģȥġ
кڷ󽫾 vs һֻӽСˡ
Ķָϣ
1.˫1v1ǰ˫Che
2.没ƿǿƫִֶΣǿȡᣬ׷޻᳡
3.ûκ檣ΨŮһ




1.   1    ôͲ

Сͨ
2021.3.24/

һ

îʱչ
߷һĨǰףϼ⴩бҡ

ѱҵڵϣһƬǽ壬Ϣ
һŮӵߣѷֵĽԧ졣
Ů޾µİС۽̺쵭ճƯɫü۽̴һĨ죬ұǡƴ¶մȾһ

ǱѵģʱʹһƬȡ
ĸоİݬBͨսȻ
ǡڱ̹ǵˮ

͵ۣһƬɰ֮ӳ
˹ֺÿսǰһжôʵ

ۣǼỺϢĽëһӰü£ŸɸɾǲȾ㳾ˣһޡ

㵡
·ݬBûбٸϸ߹أͶҲֻһΡ
ʵʵѪ⡢ı亮⣬岻³ҲѲ˵ʹϢУ˵ʵ

֪ǲΣˡ

Ϥĳľž˳ҵĺǻڣ･һͷ
ݬBã˵ǧΨһǴΣͷһҪһΣ֮ûݬB
⾿ô£

欱úܽãòϸĴƣƳϵļĨ졣
Ȼһ㶡
漴ֱڵϵЩȹʽҲͨѾУǹһѾ߷
ԳΪݬB֮ͨûһѾ߷

оκˣţһòµݬBԵĲϵԪ|ȴ˼١
Ҳڶ˲üվסһ˫ȣæ齣Ҵ¡

үػһΪξͲ죿ݬBľѳۣⲻֵǰ·
ø˹ǰ뿪С
欰ûڱۡ

ʵݸū
꣬ĸؤ𣬷桢ҰضסʱûԹһٱûʱҰݶԡ
ֱ꣬ؤ
˵ģüã˹ԵҪȥū澡

ȷʵСƯٿޣ۵οɰҶʱСֻģû̫ע⵽ݡ

ȴ֪ݱ΢һƤģؤѣΪ|׸
³һ
׼ֹ˷ŵȣūҲŵȡ
ؤµȵū硣

¶֪֮ΪΣֻţҪһӶؤֻܵūҲûϵָлᣬܴһ
ֻһĻᣬҲ

֮欲֪Լʱж֪ڱŴ֮ǰݬBΪűʱӱӡ

ĩ·ˣþʹ֪㣬ƫͿ

ݬBˮ֮Уʳǣд֣ϰ黭û˶ôù
ԺܳѾߣ˶óӴ˲ͬйѾ۶ʲѡ
Ҳ˶˲е롣
Ʋסϲ޷ϲһӸ

ǰݬBʤ飬ٹڣȴ֪ΪΣĵһ¾ǼѰ˼ң˵ס
ʱֹʵΪݬB칦̫Ҳ磬Ϊӷϴ
̫ϣݬBȵһɷ˵ؽ齡

Ũľǵصĺ촽Ҳ¶ȣδ׽ˡ
ݬBİż޸ˣ֪ʲôԹϵûκεȰ򷴿
һҹ|࣬ůŨ

û뵽ͱߵץš

ݬBΪٹӣʧѣɼĸȴĳ
ΪĴңصޣв檵Ĵͳй֮󣬳ڸأһǲϵӵκͨ檣ҹɭϡ

ʱݬBδѣһޣһָˣ˯оͱ齣ǰ

ݬB۰֪ĽȫԼһֻΪѣݬBѰʱѱüû塢ղŴӹŹǰϻ

ʱݬBһĨŭ⣬ò׼̲
ʱֻݬBûҪֻͨǰһѾߣźҡ
Ϊˣܴߣû뵽ݬB뽫޵
¾ͻˡ
ζʵ̫ܣ˺¡

欲ףΪݬBһؾҪˣɴǲҪ
欲ˣֻһӸڹźӡ
ݬBȴ˵ңڵġ
ʱ齱ߣһҩſϵ
ڣ款ڣҪ次
ݬBĬãƿߣҩ룬ߵǰ

˱ֶͦɣɤȡͿˣֻҪԸ⣬̸Ѱ˼ңΪ׼ױ

ݬBоʱ㽫Ψһˣˣټˡ
Ȱϡ

ôͲأ
˵˫ŭʧƽʱ侲Գֵģ˼İԸǿơ

δݬBôŵˣ۲ҿĬĬڴͷҩ
뿪¸ͺȻһʹûʶ
֮£ǲˣֻǵԼܣķŸա
ǳݬBͨ

ݬBãֻǲϲ뿪ԺӣϽ֡
Ϊ⣬ֱű˴ʱ̻ʵ׵Ǿ仰˼

ݬBҲòˣΪȨʢŮ׷ŮФ롣
һ˵ݱ΢̧٣Ѿ߶Ǹʣͨ

ǲ˵
䲻
Ųϲ˼֪ˡ
ΪͨҲֻΪմӹŹػͱƭź¾

ӲЩϣֱһʹݬB
ݬBҲ׿̹Уȷ֪Ĵڡ
粻ǵǸܲһֻ׷ݬBɵѾͷĻĴ룬ĬĬԼڻظеλãź

ˣûκˣͣһʼʹˡ

ûͲʧݬBϲ½Ϊ⣬ֻҪǰԼ뿪
ֻû뵽ʲôûü˵ݬBͱٱ߹ء
ݬB뾩һȺʹӹƽԺյ硣

̽ȥͶ
һ˽ΧסӦͱס첲
ʲô
뾩ǰصؽ֮ǰ㴦׵
ʲôȻ;ݬB֮뿪ȴûݬBҪⲻܡ

裺ӦҲ֪ӲձҪ᯹ס᯼ҿǻ׹ݣ᯹̫˵飬ޱȡգ̫˵ˣܹǰԺûˣȻҪףôõøɸɾ

ţȴɷ˵ֱӽ˳ȥЬûü
ݲңΪβԼ˵첲ȴãһ·ǿϵߡ

Ȼڻû֪֮Ц㲻Ǵߵĳˣ˶ԳѵҪȺһܶ

ǲţʹƴֿ

˵ôͲأҪǲ룬˭Ҳ޷ףҪǲϲ᯹ү᯸ף

֪ôģͻȻһ仰ģʹˣȻС

-

Ų˼˻ҵشڼľţһ߿Ů֮

ӣ̫ϯϺȵҹ飬صū׼Ѿ͹

һĲֶڼ䡣
´룬ǰǰǱ赽ǹ裬ʶ۾úܣֵ򶨣϶Ҳһ۾Ϳè塣
صޣ߻ǰ·

裬δû㲻ô
ˣԷ㴳ĵط
ⲻҲӵµ
軰ЦȴǲСӵ裬ڣѾϴþߺ֮롣

µĻصڼ䣬չţͱ˴ס죬סݺһϡ





2.   2    ū澲Ըӵͨ

ڶ

ͫʶعͷ
ǡõͷֻһ㣬Ҫ䵽졣

齲غã
ɤͳ󣬴ĥĵЦ⡣
ůĻԺסϸֱۼʵҳϤĳľƱǶˣһоƿҹ

ϲԺ㱧ڻжĥϵૣЦͺ޲ýȫȫһ˸еĪģУ԰Ρ

欱Ӻطᣬѹĵ׵ίͲһӿϡ

ĵȴף˵ĻжģжϲФ롣
һԲԼĶֻԽԽ̰ġ
ǰһζǿŻò³Թˡ
ҵ촹ػһ۾ǺأݬBҲãҲգٲ·

ûʱˣϸһɣɿ齣֮С
˭֪һȵ|Ϣ
ȫġ
Լǵǰͷһж֡
ۣȥ룬ȴл

һͷ
˽䣬ݬBûӦɤӼ˵»ҪūתСոʧǴ󹦣ȴĪؾ糯лйءѹ
䣬ͼݬBͷ˳

˳ɢխ޳ͦΣһϮɿڼϣĵɫףϺõĴݡ
͸ڣĲϣճһӰ

΢΢ף޵ʹ򣬰߿ڹӰ˿顣

費֪ΪΣͻһĪӿһ󲻰
ѾǵǶ׷ӵĵͷҶơ
ȻˣǾ빫ӻصڣѾźϳ
Ц˵߳ݬBȥȴûüѺһѡ

ݬBؾ𣬾ǰǲ෹ĻʵͶΧ

ݬB֮ӣӶңʳܶ飬״ϻ쳣
꣬ޱ䣬԰ʦϰΪɱԶͽϣֱʮֱ꣬ӻع

˽ڲԵɣݬBŻ᲻Ѱ佫ܰڽۣսĴ󽫾˿մϱߡ

ֹհ̸Ҳ˵˵˫
˵һգһ˷ꪣս޵УȴһѲɣŷ
˵ôһò˫ȫɾӽ֪ǶٴŮˣſҪ̤ˡ

ͷЩ֪ˣֻΪݬBɴһֺõѣȴۼѵĿ֮͵һٲҶ

Ҷδؾֹĸ׹˶£Ҳˡ
ݬB̧΢΢ﴽЦǫͣһ崺֮У֮ˡ
ҴӲѾ߽Ѿź򡣡

һЦ⣬˿
Ҳǣչս꣬|¶һЩϵɱ֮
⡭
軷ܣװģİӴһӶˣȻѾͷźѾͷ߻̰˯͵ǻԼ˯ţȩ

¡
ǳ۳ɳԵʣݬBЦȻᣬºţȴԴһͱ˵ǿһ䵭С
ʱЦ˲Ծظе¡

Ц΢˿ڛĭ˵ʲôȴݬBͻȻƽ˱񿴵Ѱ亹ֱ

ݬBʧЦڵǳȥ
˹̧֣˸롱ơ

ݬBΪ׷Ĵ󽫾һӣмʮʿ뵥ϥأеӻԵѾ߸ֹ̿ء

һ˶ȥݬBֽСϸ˽
ϺһСźݬBߣĹա
ȥˮ׼ԡϴͬϷԸʶһ˹Ժ⣬ѰսԺȫˣڸղûֹģֱӽȫ

ӦǣԥƬ̣ɫǵʣ欹
аţصġ
ϲٶʣȥǰȴֱݬBסȥһãӴ
ǡ΢漴ü¡

ݣݬBԲصʵһĹɣ︡һĨѵЦ⡣
ǰ˽ȳ

ˣͷСͻ͸縷˿࣬ͮͮ˫ð
ˮܽأĽŲۡ

ݬBӣĪã̿մˮ̳һ
˵һѵָס
ðΣЦѾϱˮϴ

欺ţЩʵǻΡ

Сﲻ˵ݬBΪ⣬@˵ţֱ齹ǰĵͷ
һ
ıǴǳǳ΢ЦģȴǿӲֲݾܾ

欲Ϊ˫£ֱ̬ϣĿū澲ңūһʱͿ´£빫ԭ¡

ݬB۵ӿȴݼšϥ˵ҹˣȴǵ£δ֮Уֻңա

΢΢һݬBƺ
㳤ݬBү֪£ҲҪһƢ˼ҹ棬ضҷȻһҲģ

ڳƤӵ£ҹ˶С˱ǰ費ô
ûҹϴ˹ϲתЩһǸݬB̨£ô

欴룬ûеֿûֹûкϽֹӱū澵Ĵ
ҹһޣۣûһͲܿصط𶶡
ˣҪΪں»

Сʣټ侫£δʩ죬Ҳ㹻ޣʹͷ¶İزǺ컨鲼Ө׵ļ͸ӵ֬ɫ֡

ĴǺֹĺۼֻҪǸˣƵóҹ£ݬBˡ

ݬBԣ׼ֶס
ƺôʣ΢һ£ҼҪ㣬úô㣬ֻί㵱ͨպ󡭡

Щ㱣ǰݬBһ޵ôҪͨ
ǰȫͬ欲ɵüĿİͰ͵Ĵϣūū澲ң
ݬB˵ʼЦš
ūֵ΢ܱӴعѾǸʣӾ͵

ͻȻ˿סδվȾͱקУ˸ߴͦεӰ

ݬBȥĶţĳֻһ£ȴǽֲʧ˶ȫճԳ佫еĸҰԡ
۰ʵֱ۸ǿ

欱ͻľٶŵһƬհס
ϤϢƱǼ⣬ºû||ﵹ˽ȥ˫糺죬|ɫ
ݬB۵ףͶͱ

գȴļ䡣
ƿȴ˳Ʊø
ͷȵĺӹͷƤϣϢ΢أĥ

欵һɹǵĿ־ĵ״ܱȫڣǵõϢ
̧֣ţҲ֪ɹѡ

Ϣٴιأū澡ū澲Ըӵͨ빫ū澣





3.   3    ʶ˺һȴ



ݬB£ӸµĿԴʮº͵ЦݣƲ

欴̧ۣͷ
ֻҪǰһӾֻݬBһˡ
һΣݬB븮
һݣԺͺΪ

ĹܣǰȰ뿪ݬB˵ԸһݣѰҼˡ
Ȼϸ룬пԵġ
ʵģ䣬ԼǵñǰҲǶ۳裬ֻʱ̫࣬кޣʼտԡ

˵ݬBҲĬֻ
ãݬBȣһһ
˳ŨܵĽëĲͣĶţֱ΢ѵ򦣬̧ͷ

뵱ͨݬB΢Ƭ̣Ұ̧ΣýȢӭţ

ûУҲҪ̷ʶԼķӦ̫Щ۽ޣҿ
ū˵ū澲ңūֻһʱͿū澸Ը췣빫¡
ǰ಻壬ػһҲѧʵ

ݬBЦ⵭ȴĻȡ
ٴĬ
нѹȸУѹֵϢūĽŲ⣬̫ļ˾Ѱ

ӣˮѱá
˵ǡô֮ĳĬ
췣ݬBСˣЦ£ϸʣܵ𣿡

ǰҲݬBʮһ꣬ʱ欲ʮ꣬иѾ߼ݬBòǫѷºͣ˽崺磬ʱʱЦݬBе

ǸѾ߲ûôˣɷݬB˻
֮ǰݬB˽ȫūͽϣҪԺ˵ȣ̣֮֮ǲ˵Ļ񶼻ǵá
ǵϵӵκͨ檡ĹأҲǴιµġԭѾѧݶӣû뵽ÿαĶǴӡ

ȻܲǰҲЩ˻
û󻹳ݬBͨԺˣȷ׮׮֤ݬBͬ
Σ֮һԶ޷Խĺ蹵رվֻȢŵԵĴǧŮޡ

欵ɫۿɼתΪ԰͸һĨײɬ۵ӿ

Сβһźɫ룬ƽվͳĵСˣȻģ͸һֺ繣ۡ
ݬB΢ĬĿתĿá

欱ķңۣ뿴
ȴȻ|ӣ޳ָȡѣס򦣬ָظ
ʣˣ
һֵͳĲࡣ

ݬBסӣ˷

欵Ƥܰף˪ѩ|||ǰݬB֡
ʱǰǰ㣬ްڣ΢󾱣Ħ̬ʮǡ
һִͺ֮һжû䡣

˵ָŴϱĹϵ־С֬һĲһת۾οĨߺ죬µ

ݬBǰǫ֥ͣ欺ദʮ꣬Ƣʮ˽⣬ǳȫǰ㴿
ʶ˺һȴһѿסϸ

£ЦЩ޿κΣ˵Цˡ

ͷ΢ңԼܱɫԻ˾ͺȻͷ˱ס촽
촽ţһ˲ʧ񣬵СȭҪϓȴɿ֫µƫͷȥˮ

ֻѵˮһǡ

㵣ûϵݬBˣ|åɫɰת죬߷ߵˡ޲ǰ۸ȥݺҧһڡ

ǽ壬ΣĿߺ죬ˮݵ۹۱ǱǹģĿбӣֱҪǰſڣ˴ҪϴϹȥ延Ժ 
欹

ȻҹĶ֪
ָ΢飬ٰӲվҪ졣

-

峿ɫ΢ϰϰֵϻδȺ延Ժūȴȫ
Ժھĵģʹɨ̫ʮ󻨻ܣ£СѾæż֦ˮ

欸ݬBͷ延ԺڣѾӹĵͷſλ

Ϊʥϳ㣬߹׾ͱȻģǧ谮һǹӯӯЦ⡣
ȴ¼λ
ƣֶȴǼΪ壬Ű裬Ҳ޷ΪݬBļĸ

˽ʱèߵ
ʮྲƺзԸһݣź˾;˳ȥ
費֪˵ʲô֮󵭵ɨһۣһ

ݬBǰгҾ񣺡Ӹĸ밲

΢΢ףĸϯϣ̫ӵ¼Bòᣬ˽լЪ£Bȴƾ̫Ӻ⣬飬д£
ǡݬB˵Ӳ߶̫ӵ¡
BͿˣؾв̫ӣɷĺ⡣һ̾ʾǰ

ݬBЦĸ˵ǣǶӷͿˣ׼һݺ͵̫ǰ
ɫοĿãпոøѧѧôͲ룬ֵ̫Ӷƫһ˼ֻظ
ʵظҲûʲôƫƫȥָƳ˵µһۣЦ䵭衣

̸䣬ѾǰĿɨӣɫɷס
׼ȴǺǰǰ㣬˰ǵֻʣһ㣬Ʒ¼ӡ

ǰһֻ뻤ݬBѿҲҧ˹ȥʱǨҲǵǸ³ç֪ɵһҲ뱻衣
ɫ򶨣µָȴ󵽷ס

С̷ңڹһ棬һ˫۵Ľˣ١

һףǳǳһЦ۽üұ͸ɬ𣬿͸Ž崿ģȴָ
Ǹˮ


ǰС͸ֽģˮңѩĺ컨βһ⣬￴¡
һ̧־Ҫϵǰʲô£ȴͻȻһۡ





4.   4    Ҹ



͵ؿݬB֣һĲſŲҽгӴ
ڵأһţһʹÿҪģ

欴̧ͷŵĿŵԼǰˣȫûϵᶯ֡
ݬBһԳٹδˡ
ٹȴڳǰκεػ򲻾̸

ǰ˲֪ӲѧߣƷԺãλĸĸһľ
ջعãٹͲ˼ԣִԽΪ֮λʱҲδйһ˿Թԡ

ʱݬBʮ꣬ؽȣΪ˴ķʽȴѷǳ˿ɱ⣬˲ݬBݴȣТ˳мӣʥҲΪƷ֮ƣǳܼǸţΪʡ

һˣôܶԳߵ趯֣

ҲδݬBɵһ˲۵׸ŨŨĴ֮ɫһx˵ܿιȥָƽʱģ
Bҵ裬ɶ֣
ݬB¶Ǹ⣺Ƕʧ̬ĸ𷣡
ɿȻ˻

۵ӹһĨɫݬBݣ֣ҲֻԹֵĿһۣ޶𷣣毺õϣҲֻпε飺BΪأô˴λգŷ¡
˵ͬʱźۼɨһۡ

صԣĸͣ£ū˵ˣѾͷ˼˾߲ڴԺ£ⲻӲŸջؾûգһ˹ӡ

ԣеĵ˵ͷݬBȫǲͬ
δ˵һֻ֣οЩ֪˵Σ²ȥ
ҡͷյºʹҪūΪ͹ЩʵūҲò˵
ףʾ˵

һؤĹŮһͱŴȥ˱ͲڹźѾ߱ʣȻ뵱ͨ檣ⶼˣȻԵߵƻ

欴۲˵
ЩǰҲʶκñ粵һͶһӡ
ںνãģá
ʱκα粵ݬBҲѡ

Ͳϵϵӵκͨ檣ȴΪʸ֦֪ʷսµȨ£˴ܹϢ
˵񫣬Խ˵ԽԽԽ·ݬBѾΪ欷ºεʮ⣬˷ָС
Ŷøδźã
Ȼȥشʮ壬Ҹ

˵ʶǰĳδڣǾ䡰δáǴġ

ݬBָûеѣʣū˵Ӧ֣ڹˡ
豾͹ţ⻰ŵһĶҪЩˤͶء
æڳ£ͷūңҪԩū

΢˼ĿݬBһۣԹ裬ƺûֹ

ңݬB΢΢ЦĸңӲԺ£׸ǴʣΨԺˣΪþϣη䴦ҵˣĸǰֱԲ䣬ⲻڼĸ֮ϣ

ݬBˣºͺùͨȴһѹȸУټսʩƣ͸˲๵ϡ

˵ߵڰ׵Ļ˵Ŀ࣬亹ֱ˵ʲôȴƱȵòҶһʱ侹ҲҪޡ

ţǲҵСδҵӦʾôҵ޼䣬ⲻճ֮ϣˣټĹкֺδԩ㡣

ʼûпڣƺҲˣϻ̳Ͽֵسȣͣͷū澾һٶʮҲҡ

ݬBǫͣʮֺڳǰǹ˳ɣ֮λƵùʱҲͱˡ
ֹţһ಻ɵ΢΢һ£ۿݬBСѾߡ

ݬBؾ֮󣬴˴һʣδ˴󹦾Ŀ³ΪݬBǸǰǸ۷½һԡ˳ӣ룬ֹ̻Ѿߣ̬ǿƣһҪ˻µģ

۵ӹһĨӡ
ҲǣݬBо̶꣬ûһƢҪ£ǸǰͬˣǸӡ
£ǰﲻ̫ˡ

һۣȷͿˣǰӦBԷһԷū͸ȫȨã跽ԵȷףϱҲֻѾδǿ

ɫɷףһ˲ãȻǳߵˣɫܿͻӦǼƻб䣬̿ͷˡһ뾩꣬ūʵʹˣŻһʱͿ˴¡

ǵٹҪԽݬBӣΪͬĸ֮λʱݬB

֮λãԵģߵˣԺūͣΪٹ򸾶ȨʡԣڷԷźūͣ

ʱףȴҪټӾȫԿԼ˫ȡʹ޻ס֮˵ָо꣬ͰԷģõݣеһƿ֮вС

ݬBƬ̣ԷһɬBչ鷸˼ҹ棬ܷͿ¡
΢ǿӲBִ⽫ߣʹ뿪ͷǡ

ԣֹڵء
ͷǲң˵ʲô
ǰݬBѰʱѱһϢ˻ȥ֮һֱݬBڷԷƽʱҲ볤Ӵû뵽֮侹㡣

µĹֻ˵ϵӵκͨ檣ȴû˵ҡ
ȷֻҪͷݬBͲ㷸˼ҹ棬֮£γ躢Ҳ㣬ĸװźҹ©ߥҵģǱĩã

ݬBҪԼѾߵͨǷ˼ҹ棬ɴʲôһҲ糤ǰأ˸ңֲһˣֹΪڸӰӰ;

۵¶㵣һ˶׵£ųֲػ
㳤ֲ壬ݬBҲ곤ƳݣʵǷǲֵĻ֮ȴ޷ӦƺϰΪ
款û̲ס̧ͷ͵վǰԶˡ

ֻݬBִѣֶųò˼ڵȴʲô
лһĸо

ãߴһɧ





5.   5    뿪



һС˻Żŵܽ延Ժڣ̸£ͷã鼱֮£ֻóɤӷ󺰣¡£ūм棬²ˣүү

ݶС˵ɫһ䣬豭ϡ
Сгɺͳ裬Ͻ˴Ӿ¡
ظǱĨ

ݬBǰͳӣϸĵ泤ñˮֱ΢΢ЦţĸĪ˵ն̫˽լ̫ߣҲزȥ
룬ǿɲһǵλݶӴµǺε
ȻС˱ݣ˵ȥץһԵĲ豭͵سСͷȥ

һȺô˸ӻӳ£

ٹ£̫ߵˣҪǴȥҪһǧɡ

ݬBӣ˵̫ӼȻлҪͨ
С֧֧ᣬһش
ȴ֪

ǰӣ󣬳ѾλͨѾͷ
һʼΪΪݬBĹϵ֪ԭӷ

̫˵ʲô˵Ǩŭˣǿŭ׷ʡ
̫ӵûǨŭֻ˵ֻ˵
ֻ˵ӼȻѷ֣ãӽ˴عչˣ顣

̫۰мӣС˵Ļʱģȥ
˲ҳһš
һȺӺ̧޼䣬ҲݬBһק𣬳Ҵ룬αţ߬úܽ

̲סͷ
Ѿðӵ׼ʮ¡ʮ£Ǹǰһʮ£ûԼȫˡ

欻£˼㱣ͺرһѴᱧ
һʶʲôϽϽū
ݬBۿʣ𣿡

ʲôһʼûӦֱݬBһţʲô
ɫᣬǿı佫ס
ԡûζȡ֮һϤҸɾŵζ
ϥȻ۵ģҲûôˡ

ûشҲûʣôһ·صԷ

ݬBˣߵĶǽ㣬ỳﻹһѾߣټﷸĴС£ǳϢ˱ɣǺӵ£ûһͶͨͨٹ

ٹ˵ڼһӾͽһһЩ³һѪ

է֣ͥУ̫ҽڸиԺȥȥò֡

ﴳ˴˸С˻Լһظ˻֪š
û˼ܷԷ£һæ׼ʰ̯ӡ
û׼ҩ

ҩ͹ʱݬBջó
ݬB˳࣬һ۽ĵ·ˣi֮ҩ¶ɵÿ

ߵѾߣȴûѾߣֻҩѸʽͨѾߡ
Ѿӣʮֺó˫˫ѾݾΣ±һ
ǰˣΪθôѾߣȴΨλ欹ܵôӴ

С۵µˣ°⣬üüޣ˫һˮǲЦҲ㹻顣
µɵøˡ
Сҩǰ޺ϵȴеҩ񣬳ٳٲϽӹ



欲ûںֻ֪벢ʲôǾ
ĳʵڹڵ|ĸʹݬBĸҲԲһ˺ӡ

ǰ󲡳ڲ֪º˾أֽŶǱģݬBΪ˵ӣ֪˶˼Ѱ˶ݡ

ȡ
ٹӡ
ԼĺӣúûţΪԼֻܴһССԺÿڴ£ֻǵݬBԼ

欵ǧأ̧һָͷѡ

ҩǵʹ͸ġ޵İʾš
ҰɣݬB˹ι
͵̧ЩȻ
ڱˮ͸ǣֽŷ顣

ɴ⣬мĽҩ˹ȥ
û뵽ݬBЦŽӹҩͱһƷڵأһ
´㵵Ŀűڵصҩ룬˲ŵˡ
ǳԷԸ尾ҩеǰԽҪۿ欷¡

ݬB΢΢һƺҲЩ죬ü欵֣ϸ쿴ˣ

˲һ֪ŷӦԼʲôģ˵Ҳװ״Σҡû£ֻԼȣ㣬㣬ûš
⻹ͷһϷڸ޹ġ

ݬBЦЦֱһСѾûȣˣ¡
ȷȻŽӹϵӣۡ
պãҲӴ԰ҩ¡

ɫǵ˵
ݬBЦŴϣ˵ʲô
û˺ҩһŪ࣬ϳʱ䣬û㻹Ϊȼü֮ǵм¾Ȼĸ׵Ϊҡ
ޱ飬䵭ЩԳһ

ʲô´ʧɫȫûϵӻô˵ָ欣ҡͷңҩǹԼƷģ

ݬBһ˫УĿϣпҩ˭򷭵ģ

Ϸ߷߲ƽָ£ǹ뾩̫꣬ŻһСѾ߶ҲУǰ˵Ϲ

ݬB΢΢һЦأ

վķҲָ£ɫūҲѾߣӣǶ̫ڿݣҩҪڶӻ򷭣һͳȥˡ

治ɫָ¹Ϊһһʱɵ欺¡

û뵽ݬB޵ĻԼ
ȴӴлع񣬼ɫҰףµ˵ԥ£ӣº޹أū澩
֪ƣʲô¶ԼݬB̾飬Щˣֵá

ŴѾߣɫȻȥٱҲ֪ô¡

Ȼº޺ȴҲȥԶǸźԷˣǸƲ磬延ԺȥԶ
ҲǣƱۣǰ̫ƣŻᱻ֮λ
¸æأ빫ˡȫū澵Ĵֻūûۿ欹ҩպҪǳʲô£ūѴ̡

¸˵꣬һɤ
ˣҩ
һϮɫȹƤ𪣬һСԲЦݵĶҩ˽

欸ղžݬBӴ򣬵һֱδȴû뵽潫˸ˣɵ΢΢һ۵ӿһ⡣
ðΣЦڡ

ǰӹҩݸݬB
գۼ䣬ݬBҨһҩιߡ
ȡ

ǰļ̫㣬֮Ʊзи˺ѷһĽʹѾڹѪ˫ʶסСĵ׺Щҩ
ڿԥԡ
ĺȰɣҩץģҹ˵ģͷβһҲû뿪Ѱ˿ûء

ڴһ꣬ҽѧңΪ̫ҽԺԺ̫ҽĶŮ
ǰˣñö࣬Ȱ뿪ݬB˵ԸһݣѰҼˣֻʱҲϡ
欿Ц־ڵЩ
һһڽҩ¡

ڸĿ£̧̧üģҿԽʣҩҩߣ鿴

ãʱ̫ҽݷùȻϵģҲ֪ǿҽݣǸҽ̫ҽŮ
ֹƽʱרΪдѫҵķǿٽΪ¹ҽ֮⣬ȫɵˡ

׼Ǿ͹ʱȴߴǱ²Ҷ˵ѾʶӵӴҲʲôʡ͵ĵƣȷ欷±ͷҲƵ뿪Է

ݬBϳҪûѣҴҽ欼仰ʹ뷽һͬ뿪
ںֻܿʣڣʱϵЦݲ
㰡
Դ𱸵Ŀһۡ

˵㱻йȥʱҶ㱻̧׼޲ýҽҩȫ

ǰȷǱ̧Żġ
ʱ˵̫أûˣ˵ڿధ̫ҽ֣ǿӹŹǰ

ôǲҵȰڿ˵ʲôȴֻҡҡͷˣһߵڵӡ

ֻݬB˴󹦣ָտɴǻϸϻߵ߻ӣǷޣǲѫ˼ҶڴݬBĻ£֪ģкü

ͻȻ̾ĳ˵ƽֱ̫̫ҵ᯴̲СŮҲУЩǺöԸҪǱ֪ݬBһؾ㵱ͨպ²

᯴ĸʱָ߬

ڿЩŮǻ׹ݣǧٳ賤ģĸԼеˣһݵ΢ļ澸
ֹŪࡣ
ƫǰ룬еΣգݬBĲͬݣӲҪߡ
ԹˣֻܹԼ

Ŵȫʵȷû֮󣬲ֻصǰ
ڣҺˡ˵
ΪԼˣʲô

Ҳ뵱ӵͨ뿪





6.   6    ӣ¡



־ϲ׽ס˫֣һɸ֣˵ҪͨãƫƫҪȴôĻףôôô

欷ֱסڵֱۣЦŴڣڡ

۾ؿڣɤ֪ˣĴˣӦĻҡⲻ֪͸ǳ˵㣬Բ𣬶ԲҵĺðڣԭңҰɡ

欲ֹúÿɤӸǱѰﻹҪҪΪҹݺ飬תᶯˡ
ǿܲһ˫һˮ۰Ͱ͵ĿԼ飬ģɰˣֱĶˡ

ûмֵܵסѾͷƣڸô룬𱸵Ļں˹˻ȥ

㲻վֺڣ᲻뿪ҹӰɣںɵĿ
ᡣ
Բš
ΣЦðڣող˵ˡ
üţ

ָ֣ͷһһ˵ŮָʹãʺֶŮڴӵĻ¡ЩˣĸǼԺգȨ죬ֻҪСָͷܰ飬¶ˣﻹ᲻á

ο
欳޲˲ѹ˵һˣǡ

ڰ欽ʶ֪һֱݬBΨһˣʵںܺ뿪ѾãѾͷҪͼȰ
û뵽款Ȼ˵ļˡ
ڲɵ

һСؤˣ󣬻ҪЩԼˣѾͷжȱ

ܵĻ̲סס欵С۵࣬ۿ΢ȣãһ취
ݬBջؾв˫۾ŹѰ˷ӣҲٵһӡ

Ҳ뿪Ǽ򵥵£ͷ֪ΣڶҪԼİȫΪء

ң
Ц¡
Ҳ絣Լͷһ죬ιȾҪݬBȽȫ׼㰡Ⱳӿɾͻˡ
ֺԥİݬB⡣
ԭأҹڽӹҩʱװСĴ򷭣û뵽ǡñ򷭣ҲϬˡ

΢΢һĵٴһĸоΪ֪ǡ

ʲôͻȻץ֣ʣ欿ɻǵƽҵ½ƽ
欵ͷǵá
ƽӣ׹죬ٱ˫ȫ
ݬBӻؾһ꣬ʶһͬڱ߹ؼΪ֮

欻ǰ½ƽʱ׷£˼ΣЩȷ˵˵սڱ߹ˡ
ڷŵ˵ʵ½ƽûǻϻڹλ߻ӡ
װһ㵡
԰ڽһЦΪʼ磬ҹ߻ӵ֣ǻǰĴˣúܣָ⸮ﵽ߻ǰ֪Ҳ֡

ȴͻȻĬ

ǰûҪ뿪ݬBЩģݬBԣҪ뿪ء
ȻҲ뵽⣬ɫ΢䣬ૣˣò߾ݬBİɣ
ĻͷһЩŵ̧ͷĴӦáӦòɣ
ڵһ̾ǰ·
欴˵˾䣺ͷȻֱ
ȴȻӿ

ڲһֱڹһҩ뿪

һҹĵ˴գ֪˯˹ȥ
ʱ§ס
Ĵ˵ϢϤ
Ѱĳһգ˼СȻϢ£ŵ齣§С

ָ촽ңҪס°ͣ۵ģصģס촽ͷͣǣ޼ɵĽѡ


欰˯ѣϰԵ͵͵һЩζ
ֱĥ˵䵽ϣҧס˳ƴĵЦƼžԺӲѹ֪Լ¡

˲˯ȫʶ뽫ƿ
ȴ׾ٵץסȵյ
ҡ
䣬̰ܰ㣬˫۽νڻʧһ㡣

欺΢ңֿͷгЩۡ
ݬBѾߣڷԷԼķ䡣
Բķ䡣
ʱģ

С˯ѣӴЩãȻϻǳɫ˯ۣ㶣˵ĽοɰĶˡ

˴ۿһͻȻͷ۽ǵ룬ٴһ·ţ£촽ʱǺˡ
д󺧣ȫˣҵرͷֽŲõ

ǰ͸˵ȶ˲ֹҲϺӡ
СҪиңиԼĺӣӵԼļˡ
һΣԲݬBǣ壬ͺȱ

ᣬȴҲҪĥˡ
һ˼άͿֹˣڷ̲סʳӣ¡
һжȻֹ

ݬB΢΢£˫ۣŮڻУ˲Ҳ˲Ķ
һ˫Ư˫ۣЦʱᣬЦʱǹɾþսɱ֮ȫ¶˵ԵĮ塣

欱û|Ľֺŵţ岻΢|
ӡ
Сҧ촽շƯķۺɫ͸죬ͨͨǽ䱸Ҫ޲ޣֿɰ̣ݺ۸

ݬBȻЦ£̧ᵯĶͷ˹ûзĿܡ
Ժ˯⡣
Щƣͳ|УβŹӣֳƻ˶顣

ݬB޼䣬Щ˲ֱӵĺۼѲʮָɾ

ǰڵüݵҹҹæҡͷⲻϹء
ǰݬB˵ҪˣԴӣΪ֮ͨǴ֪Ϊ
˭õ￴ô˹ŵһˣȴĥ˵ϣˡ

ݬBҾǹء
üưǳͳߴѹȸУþλߵƣԺӡ
欴ڣۻǹУڴﵽߵ㡣

ǰݬBΪͨʱȻ濴Ϊ侲üۻ͸ЩɬɬҲʳ֪ζ¡
ȻǰˣûЩһһϤ
ٿһ뷨
ݬBһػһ

뷨̫£Ҳ̫󵨣˲ͽԼŵֽŷ

ݬB뾩꣬²ĸıȴʮǰݬBؾʱģ
ΪֹԣʱȥԶϸ΢ĩϣԵĲͬ
硭
뵽ʲôֽ½£ãҴݬBǰٴι¡

ǰݬB޵һ뽫޵𽵹֮δҡ
ǳ⽫˾ٴҪţݬBĽˡ

һױ۵¹أϵӵκͨ檣ū澲뺦ܷ򲻿ū澡

ݬBš

֮ǰ˵ҪΪūѰ÷ңūԸӹӰš





7.   7    ô˳



˵֮˲Ǳ
欹شףϢԴֻ۽͵顣ĽǶȥֻõɫѥͱֱ޳һ˫ȡ

ټ޼侲ĵģΨ·ĦʱĸO@죬ݬBʼάԭƣ𵶵齱ߣҵѡ

ԭΪĬǷŭǲһĽӻϡ
û뵽ݬBܿૣԸӰš
΢˼ĥʲô
ǳºͣЩ޿κεЦ⡣

ݬBû˼̫ãܿ죬款ʵ˵ˣֻң
ȴûشֽϺ˽ȫ
ϳƬ̣תȥ֮ǰ׼ӵĻȫ˽

欿ϱŵǶѻ΢΢硣
ݬBֽ֮ǰȷɫüɣ䶼ǺѧӣƷȴǲǹǰ;

һǰ̯ӹϵĿƽˮһ㣬䵭ڣкʮС꣬㣬ҵϢ̯һһĵ˵ĺͬ꣬ǳôЩ̸ֹȴҰʱ򡭡

Ҳæһһ̯ɫȴԽԽѿݬBûעʱƴĳҡͷʹɫ˵ǧѡ

ȫ֮ݬBϲĸ
κ
̸ֹȴһ⣬۵ɫý˿͸

欲ˣֻ̽ݬBû뵽ô໭ԼѡʱЩȷˡ
ѵˣݬBûкһػһֻǴûбʱһоͽͬˣһΣ׶˵Щ֮ԣΪ̵˲Żڳǰı⡣

Ϊ˼ܿҡͷϲ
ݬBף𺺮˫˵¶ȣϣȥá
£ղžѾߡ˸û뵽ȻУݬBװɫ˶ˣ
ϺܿͱŻ죬ҪЦЦ΢
ֻʣһˡݬBз·Цȴɫû

ܿǰ̯

欿ŻüۺЦִѣ޾Ŀӣ΢΢㵣˫Ǻҧź촽ߴʮƯ
ҲﲻסЦƣ欹ﺦúϼϲˣһˡ

欺ݺݵһۣٿݬB۽üȫǱ׽Ūŭ͸̺ʢĺģüˡ
ҧҧ촽ŵʣôԼĻǴһʼֻϷŪū澣

ݬBֵ߲ģЦ⣺ôᣬֻԼѡ
ָա
ҪҸովѡأš
ֶ£ҪЦЦĿǾȰŪǸˡ

ʲôۣ𾪵Ŀˣʶһ
һ˫ЦŽػУЦģҪѡˡȻ˰죬˵һ˵Ҹıˡ
Ϊʲô
ĻңΪĳ޷ı䣬ҿĵطǼпܻԴ㡣
ֲʧȣԣҧ˹˲֪оŷ
Ĳ벻ıϡ

ؿЦȻֲľ棬ľǼ٣ֻǼٵġ
ݬBЦȻ˵Ҫҵİţôڿʼúôߡ

ΪʲôһʼҪ欻Ϊε˼ּ޵Ĵ¾ѾԷݬBƼá

ͷһ죬ֱڲŻعһݬBҲһٹе÷ѵ
Ӿ£˼ҹ棬ѾߣϽ˷ܼҷҲҪߡ
Ӿ̫ӵƤӵ£ǿռ̫ңֵֻܽΪͨ
ҹ浴Ȼ޴棬ٹΪ˴ִȣһһ˼ҷ

㴳´˼ҹ棬ĸ׺İ㴦ȻҶߵ趯֣ӣǲΪԼ´󹦣ͿĿˣΪ޷㣡Ҳĸ׵ݺε󣬴Ǵ϶У֪кκ㡭

ٹһߴһ˫Ŀ첻ѣ˵°׳ѾϲѪû뵽ܷĳɾܲϴһٹŭϼŭһعһȡ

ݬBɳɱ꣬ʮƤѪɹֱͦȻ
ȿܷȴ档

ϿȴǴ᲻ôٹ͸˵ˣСӣ۴ӻҪ࣬ҲὫ֮λ
ﷸĴݬB࣬ٹȻģֻǴʱȻֱûǰƿڴ˵ӡ
ٹᣬ˵ûܹ࣬ȲŸմȥʹֱӻȥ

ӹ֮ͲѾ̫ҽﱻιȥ֮ȥ˵Σٹһ١
˵Ǵ󳳣˵ǳٹʱѾ̧ԼĳݬBһԡ

ٹ볤֮䣬ʵһμѻΪ

ųʱٹһģĽǳһΪޣֻϧٹʱСݼҳ£ٹԪ޲徣Ϊ˰ﵱʱӵٹɹѹأһĶӣϧ¼ңٹǱĳ򶯡

ѻǼٲ֪˳ʮȷ˴˴δǻͷһμôƢ
ٹǸˣֵأҲزȥҲû뵽Сӻôֻεվԭذ

˵ۿ΢죬Ҫᣬٹټˣʱңȫ˳ӻһԣͽУȰ侲Щȷʣ̫ΪBӷ磬֮£̫

ٹɫأֹ
һֻݰݿ˹λǰݬBһۣҡͷ
ٹ˳Ŀ⿴ȥ΢΢һƺӻڡ

˱ˣȥ﾿˵Σ֮취ٹĿ⸴ӵıͷ˵ų뿪ãҲûݬBҪ򵽺ʱ

ݬBŽнԶĽŲ̸ɫûްֱն޹⡣
ٹӻã˽ݬBطԷѽʱ

ԭΪԼҲ𷣣һĵĵţȴʼûȵүֻȵѪݬB
ݬB뿪ǰԭס͸ǰһ޴ȥֻܹԹԴ
ϰߵȴҲû뵽ῴϿ˵ݬBɵŵɫס

ôˣô˳
æǰְϽ˷
Ϊ˫Ŀͨ죬˵ʹ죬ȴݬBһ˵Ĳ˻ȥ
ΪʲôĿһۡ
ʹɫ棬ĻҶ죬ֱݬBҩһɾѣû˵һ֡

ڱϣȻ˼ҷ欴˼⡣
ѵϸղҪ˵ݬBΪܼҷⲻܣ䲻֪ǰݬB˵үȴǵúݬBǰûܼҷҲûа

ݬBҩʱҲһ԰æ˵ıѪģģǰԼֱй֮޲ȫͬܵۡ

̲סʣӵװ˼ȣô˵ôأȥ̫ҽȽ׵
ݬBԼҩ֮վԶԶѵõüվôԶ
˲ᣬҲԼеС֣ͷԡ

¡
欸¾ŵһѪζ̧ϸһݬBıѪȾ˸ողŲİײҲȫ亹
Ϊػ̫ҽ延Էͳ󶼽˼̫ҽôͲ֪̫ҽӣҲ̫ҽԷһݬB
ӣ̫ҽУȥ¡в죬˵ţҪˡ

ݬBٿס΢΢ްӸ˲ģüкЦ⡣
ˣ





8.   8    ݬBǵðرǡ

ڰ

欵ֱۣ߬Ʋѣֻȥ

ˣһΡ
ּʣ쳣ִţû𰸾ݡ
欱Ƶû취ֻñͷŤӦǡ

ݬBȻЦ֣żɲҸֱĿͬʱ촽ֱǵףƵõĶ

⧲ܵȴ|дһ|欴㵵Ŀоǲ˼顣
ôʱ˻
ݬBɿüһĨ֮ɫ
ͷȥɣȥ򡣡

ʶסֱȫԼæ뿪ͬʱõĵЦ

̫ҽݬBԴգݬBЦӦãȴһΪ£׼ϳ
Ȱ޹ԷԹϳ
û뵽ȰˣݬBôΪμϳ
ū澲ҡ
ǰٻЩ£ˣݬBҲῪûȤ

ݬBãȻǰҲ㸺ֻЩһʼעԵ޷ݡ
ݬBˡ
ǵÿ취ȥڲС

׼ʲôںãͻȻͱݬBС
һϻˣ
ƫ˳ԵϢԵسıǶˣӯһյϸʱͲܿصȥ
ŭ߾ѵս첻ٿֻԼô˲

˰ѩ΢죬ߴӵͶͱݬBȻãЦŵͷü¡

Ҹջؾñܻã߻Ű˰֣֮˻ĶŹŹ·׼ҴչƵ̫ҽѾˣٲϳôĻסʱʷԹٶҪһʡ

ݬB˵ͽɿſ˫۵

Щ⣬ݬBǰӲôࡣ
۾΢΢˼Ŀͦεһۣһ͵Ƕϣϵɫ׻緡緻

Ӻʱ˻£ۣ˵صģݵ΢˿Ǹ˴ϲ

뿿﷭ˣʳҲⲻˣѼֲ֣û˻ݬBοЩҪʮٱĻǰѲ⡣

С˵Ƶ᲻Ϊ⣬ݬBȴΪĻʲô۾ȻӿСԴǱƫͷ̧ûѹסüۣϢżأԴѹ֡

ټģʲôܲʹ࣬ɵýŵʣǲ˿ѿˣǻȥϢ
û˵꣬ͱ͵һק
ĶǺԤף˴ֲÿÿعǶá
ӣôˣ
˿Ų׳ȴܽʵҲƲԴεϡ

ϧĶ᲻֡

Ƕˣȴע⵽Լֱ΢Ҳ΢΢ɵһ
𣿡
˿ѿˣ
ū˽̫ҽɺã
ӣū澣˵˵
ôˡ

ŮԲβ೤Ȼˣƽ
ۣĿŽ׷ʲͣÿһ仰ǹԼСЦ
ᵽµķУԼûвŨռ

ͺãֻֻǣڣҲҪͼӿһΣҪκɵ¡
ĺ»ţ򣬳ްڣڵķףָỺظŮĺ󾱣ظ||||۵ļĦ˽һμǰ㣬ǡ

û̧ͷƲ΢΢[˫У޼ɵ

ٲ߾Ҫϲ糯ݬBɿüƲκζߡ

ݬBƳĲɣΪԼŵʧţ̧
ôˣ
欵ֶ£ڣū澡ūȥҰڣ빫Ӹҳơ
˺úõģҲû¾ܣ취ţںúüƻ뿪²С

ôͻȻȥڣ
ȵĴͻȻջں󾱣Ħ
Ѿ˵ǣɬش³ޣѩ𵭵糺죺ūһȥЩµѼΣ룬롭

ݬBǵðرЩ˵ÿһ֣ǵ
ÿһ֡

ŮֹߺģЦ⽥Ũɫȴǽ䣬Ĭ˻ʣʲô
ᣬ
欵ͷȫûע⵽˵
ҧ촽ָ|ߵعϸѡ͸ӡ

֮ǰһֱ뵱ҵͨͨˣ
ݬBĶ䣬ЦЦɤ

й繣ֻǸټ򵥲С欶ܿصһ޹ǵĵС
ŭ|⣬ۣѻƵĽëɿȣ˵Υ֮۵Ļūв룬֮ǰūֻ᲻ùӰΪū˼ҷ˳ū۶ĿܲԸߡ
ȫû˵ͫŨīĿ

欣ǧģ˵һڽεεٯݬB֪һ˲ĵۡ
ĬƬ̣׵á

ϸЦ⣬̧ͷ˵ʲôݬBѾɿתЦǡ壬һ顣

ʲô
ȫû뵽ݬBô˵ʱƿһһ˵
ūݵ΢ӡ𽵹󣬸οϻˣūԼžͺá
ڶ֪˭أݬBһţҪǸˣø죿
ݬBſȥɤ΢䣬๣¡
С˲ʲôˡ

ԶСŻͷίĿС죺ûһúܲҡ

-

ٹһ̫֮ҽֹˣԺеŮӴҲһͱ
ݬBһϳͳΪĿĽ㣬۶̲סļ䣺ݰ䣬ٹĴν̫ҽǼ˭˲ʣ

ԭ˵硣˲²ݬBͷ̫ʢд̣ɽȴһƲκ˵ĺۼԣǲơ

ݬBҾػϣճͷ練ҸнŻᾪô̫ҽˡ
Ŷ
̧ͷĿЩ˭
ĸ鵱ʮһյĺãο

ٹĸǰة࣬ٹҲǰ;̲ɣϧݼʮǰѣֻǸƷС٣ֻŵһĹվһ飬˵ŴȺＷ˳ؿͷ΢ڴС֣ϣ΢Ͻ

ЦЦ֣Ǻ£֮С
˵꣬ȴ˼ĸɨٹһۣŽ

һ糯ٹӿ˵³֮Ǹ߸ģ֪˻ΪǲǸӣͷ

½ƽȻŸձϻأȴѾָɲ¼ְȻҲ糯Ͻ˵ĻݬBСãʮѼֲ֣ݬBţЦǰı

û뵽ȴݬBƺһϸһƣ侹Ȼ亹
½ƽһӵɴ۾ˣ
ݬBЦֻ¡

½ƽݬBΪ˽⡣
ݬBˣǱϲǣлֱ˵ĨǣΪһЦģ½ƽﻹס
üɫࣺǺ˴㣬˵ֻع

׳Ĺϵ½ƽоֹһȫȻͬԳȡ̫ԶϢͶ㾡Է

Ȼ泼˱ƽôֻùݬBЦЦˣٹģʮȼ
ڴˣл£
½ƽһĹҾͻͻֱ
ٹ
ʮȼ˼ҷָ





9.   9    ǳζˣ

ھ

빬ʱݬBֱ½ƽݡ
Ե޹ʰ̫ϯϳʲô£½ƽбϵһڱ㵥ֱ롣
ݬB˵ͷտڲ̸
½ƽձϻûãߵŲ࣬ݬBҪ´Ӳͷ˵

½ƽԭֱӴظɫƽ漴ı⣺Ҹۡ
ԼݬB˶𵶡
˭½ƽ££ֱֹ̧ȱ˵
üɫ裺Ҳ²ĸܲƲԼƽӵúҲ
次

½ƽ£һʱ֮벻˭ðβŷӦٿݬBѰζ

Ҿ˵񲻿Ե޹ʶһ·߼ѾͷôãȻѾߣԴöȴǿȴҹ㣬ֹˣѧôණֱǰ˵ͯϱţĿýˡ

ݬB΢΢Цţÿɷ̧˫һһе¡

-

ա
ǰͣһƾɵ
欿Щɡ

ĳΪϳ˺ľƣʮֺʵűѰЩƹĹС
ݬBȴֱ֣Ű
欸ںͷƿƮһЦЦĵ٩

ȷʵ䲻ɶõˡ

ԴȻḡЩȴһַǳȫ˸еʣ˵ĸоݬBмƣ欲ɵ档
û뵽һ̧ۣ⧲ضһ˫ЦеĴ۾
һϮģ緢΢ЦʱԼɼſɰСپ£ӿΣ˵ǷΡ

ò֮΢΢һ

ݬB˵һʱȫû½ƽҲͬС
߻½ƽԭΪƽӣݬBֿѣȻϵá
ǰݬBһֱ׷欼Σ½ƽӡǸŭɣƽ׽ˣûʲôӼӣݬBͬΪپŮˣպľĿ֮һ

½ƽƽʱʱСݬB꣬ȥò̫仯Ψü֮˼ֳء
欿Щԥ֪ʱҪγƺͼ½ƽʳָڴǰҡҡͷϹż˿ζЦ⡣
һģȴ̲סøС

죬ЦȴѾ

¡
Ŀͣ½ƽ̫ãݬBڵͬʱһѽק¡
Сֱ߬У־ˡ
欳ʹͷǡöݬBƯ˫ۡ
˵ƽʱͬһƬκ¶ȡ

ļ͵һʶ򣬳ȥֱ˵Ĵᰤһ飬΢Щ
λ߻ӣԺĪҪϴݬBЦɫᣬ·ղֻĴ
ǣū澼߻ӡ

½ƽСѾʮֹɵĴۣٲ̧ͷЩ֣ٿݬB˲Ȼ

ݬB𵶵ţŵֻȻشϥϣǽڷָнĻûţģš
Ҳ״½ƽȴ֪ݬBǷʱϰ߶͵ؾݬBСѾߵĳ̶ȣԶлҪϺܶࡣ

ǳζˣ
ڼСѾ߿
½ƽԭǵķЦݣɫӦֻһˣΪ֤¿ɼҲҪȥŸ󣬲˳ƣǺε㡭
˵˵žĻأʺǰ˵ڡ

֣̲סٴ̧ۣ½ƽ

壬֮ŮԼ޶ׯоǵһŮ½ƽͶϣǰȴ֪ΪκȻ޽̫
ʹʧˣǰλŵ߻ӣȴûǰ㷽һһ겻ɻûûΣݺ̫ӣһϴ֮λ
ݬBһǱﲻһС

С͵˵ļɲڵ˼ͬʱ

½ƽ΢ץһ˦һȣһµŴ⾰ɫЦ⾩ǵҲûȱ߹غõȥ˱軹ȡ
ݬB΢΢Цţɿԭĵ֡
һ·϶½ƽ˵ЦΨûһûٸ

ִĿĵ֮½ƽݬBȴǳ˹ȥ
ĺ󾱣ݺǰһͷֱѹס촽
ʶ㣬Խͷ׵ĺסĴ

֮ǰζͬһ־ΥģϤİǿƣȫȻݷǷ

ԸоˣȫҶ
ݬBˣͲǰ㴿ʲô֥ŶǼٵģ֣ʵʷЩ欶ʮ֪ĳЩʱж಻ֻǻϣ߻Ӿߵǣôܡ
޷ٲ˼
ϤֲֿϢнȫûǰɿ

СβһĨ콿⣬ƺھ֮УĿ걻ˮȾ

ݬBµóӣ˹Ĵǡ
ңҲ뿪ҵ߷ΧŸ̫ѫײǣ߻鷳
Ķߣڽټ򵥲£ʵȴǲͷ϶Ķ󡢾࣬
ǰҲΪԼոյʧ̬
欴ʱشϢĿ־лعЩ㶵ģû˵ʲôֻܺҵĵͷӦá

ʱ½ƽζĿһۣʮʶȤıտڲԡ

ŷ֣ݬBȻŸ
ŸǾ鱦ӣѰ˽ãܳĶǾǵĸ壬Թ
ǰ欴δֵطȫû뵽ݬB
Σ𰡣
ӣͰԼɣ
ݬBŲǺ˵ˣ

ոոʲôû
˶ɵˡ
ݬBͷЦЩΣҪǣȥ
æҡͷĸϡ
ݬBҪǣ֣϶վͻΪǹŮȦļӡ

½ƽݬBѰѫټòˣʮۣȫһžעĿЩŹ㡣
翪ţŮ֮ǰϿܿ˹ѣŮУԹ

ݬBݳڣЩϰ߲ͷǰһ½ƽС˵һԣȴ͵ץסֱۡ
һ˲ᵽ˺ͷ

欣
ڵְȵĿڡ
ҺòݬBץסҡ
ۣЦãһ̧ͷŷվˡ

һ˸պýҿͷϵñ¶һŹŮŶɫȹݣ΢΢촽½ƽ
һŻ󣬸ֶӢǷȴǺվǣɢһưǳ

Щȷ˵ݣֱĿӹϵʵĽơ

һϣ·ѪҺڵĽ䡣





10.   10    㻹һѡ񡭡

ʮ

欶죬ŮȴȡñЦӯӯس½ƽ硣
᯹½ƽԼı˱õ˵ͷЦЦƳݬBһۡ

½ƽĸλݶߣ۲֪ںֿǣعʱȻٸ£˵¹ֻʱд٣Ųòͳڷ¡

¹Ϊܳӣϥ⣬ĸ˿ѷڻʺĸҺϡ
ΪŮ᯼õĸǵճ׽ãǺ½ƽһعƽ޹ʶݣʵ֮ӣʱӡ
ֱʱΪ̫̫ĸףΪºŮĸϣһ֮£֮ϵة˹ꡣ
¹ϵĵճ磬ͬʱҲ᯼õ׾˾ˡ
֮󣬷Ѱѫ˼ҿɱȣǣ˲Ľǡ

˼ˣ½ƽĿⲻɵƮɫɷ׵次
ͻȻСѾе

ʱĸǿ᯸ŮĸСͽ飬Ӧȫǽʳģһˣ£˭ȢΪޣ϶κһҰĵ˶롣
֮£ôһСؤѵĹŮʲô㵽ʸС֪Ȣ˵ޡ

С£Ȼ᲻ǰݬBʱ䶨֮йһԹԣһԶݬB׼û뵽ʱ档

ǰҲʱ棬䲢ôá

ǵλ֮Ů˵ÿһ֣ʱ֮ЩСԱͼʣ--ذ˳λ֮ŮǰΡ
ǴݬBǸؤ֮ҲûֹԱ
ζԶȵǰǵֻʣһʱҪѿ
ҲͷһޱʹԼĳޱȵ޺ԼĵΪԼԲ߳ܡ

ʵԼңһֱΪԼǸ˵ˡ
ҲŻȥ·ϣݬB

ʱѽأŶëѩǽǣҪȻиǰӸĨĨΡ
˺ܿ¶ЦݣǸһůް˵úÿ˹ԵҪȥ˼ﵱѾߡ
ʱÿԲůΪ˵һС˿ϲ죬ζ˴ȥѾߡ
֮ãĻϲĸŸˡ

ݬBˡ

ʱݬBԼĪʮ꣬Ǹֵ꣬ŴѩȴźůƫҪ
¶͸һϢ΢΢ķȫǷ׵Įһ

欴ûôÿˣǰʱĿתĿȫŲۡţɹôµĵƣ϶ůʣ۾ʼտ
СȴҲ֪ƯɹӺͻȻҪɹӡ

Ŀ̫ҪʱͻȻͣһѣס븾ˡ

ôϣӸµĿãõ¶̲ͣסڣλСӡ
ϴȴЦݣӸˣѾͷ󣿡
ЦָÿˣҲģɳƣͳ
欲ɵøУҲ룬ЦЦꡣ
ü΢ɨһԵĸˣһۿݣ֪ЦʣŶ֪ʲô𣿡
ɫĻ𽥱ѿ

£ҡͷ֪
Ц㻹Ҹߡ
ͷ۾˼Ϊӡ
ֱ̫ףȻĬһ˵Ҳӡ

欿ͻȻԥ
Ž»Ͷ価ϢһǴ˼ҵĹӣСȴҲ֪Ŵ󻧵ѾҶףͲ֪ԼǸ
ͷԭʵȻĪҪЦ֪֪Ǹ޸ĸ
ԼˣʲôҲǵãΨһסģֻԼС֪֪
Լݣȥֱ֮ʵԸ档

Цó
һӵɴ۾Լģͷ縣ϵȻ˲һЩɲҲ̶ã˸ްҲΪݵֻʣƤǶɿ塣

ȷԶ׼

ȵȣѾͷȿϵģѾйҪȥѾߣҪѾ߾ȥĵطҡ˺Ȼ
겻ᣬڣ㻹һѡ񡣡
欵۾ɴ
ߡ

֮û˸ѡһֱֻܱȽһС

ףĿꡣ
ݣҲܸߣһ筺߰ƻ溼멣캮ضѩ׷ɣѩȴ¶紺ůʣˣմ̻Ϣ
·ǰϢֻĴ

欴ӺСʱ򣬾ͲΪεkǴδЩٱ΢󣬵һ̣Ը⿪ʼš

á
տڣͽһͷȥ
ȵȣȵȣѾͷȿеģ˺üؤѲѰĺӣô˵ҪôҲøȷѩ
ں׷ţקǮͷҲصһӣ
ŵ

Ȼǰů
ֻͷֻůѬһӣüĿ
˵üмƣһ걧ӢͦĽüص
⼸Ѿֵù࣬ٺҲи޶ȣһ·ɺͳ˷ȥҾؾӹһĨɫ
ĻһС˲ñͷĴѩҪס
Ҫ

꽫ϣӣƵĲƤ̧̧õ
һʹ֮ɫҲܩ
ΪβܣʲôЦ㣬Ц
֮ʮѹ֣˲ظе£źż򣬶Ҷ

ðΣ̧ͷȫǺε᣺ףкβ𣿡
߿ȴǼ᣺˵Һ֣ǣӾǺ֣Ϊؾֵ֮뷨У
˲ƿԣʧǵԴĬãˡ
˵ʲôֻ֪𣬴ӽٲöˡٴβ̲סҸس΢Ц

ؾ·ϣӽ׸Сؤ뿪ݵһ̿ʼٲ۸

ƶǶš
ֱѧŮ죬ѧ黭ʶ֣Լж಻뱰΢
˵СеţȫݬBһһֽģһ죬ʱȴףЩΪţжЦ벻һ

˾ƣңʹ˷һŴյѳݵĴ󽫾УʵĻѿڶǲǲ֪ˣ
ǲǲ֪ô΢ͨ
ǲǴͷβֻڿ

ɫˮ۽ޣ
Ư˫΢̬

䵽ˣ˫΢|ۣԸ롣

ڼɫף΢΢һ̾Ҫǰ䣬ͻȻڡ
ղ·ϣ˵ʲô

΢룬ֹڸղ·˵С͸欵ֺöΣƫԶǲס
вֹͣҪ£ǻͷûĿһָۣʹˣ欣ƶƣ欵欣ҪõĹܣС󷢴ȱһ°ɡ

ɢضǰڷѾ˼СѾߣζʮ㡣
ϷյԣʵΣ
࣬ƮƮɨһۡ
ʮ÷ƽʱڶҪɳʵףˣ̫ЦЦصߡ

ʱ䲢ûע⵽ݬBѾںԼֳʻݬBһţĿֻλţ֥Ĵ󽫾

ݬBؾ߹֣սۣ׃ԣʮ㣬Ѱ佫´çһӴǳǳ΢Цţʱ䵱±Ѷġ
߻갲֮ȲȵسݬB˸ͬʱŮӵɬԼݽ

ݬB΢΢ףȴǿʱԵӣָʹ᯹





11.   11    뻤ѾͷҲá

ʮһ

Ӳһ΢΢ף˼
ݬB˳ӵĿƫͷ΢Цɣɫ䣬Ŀɫ׵Сϡ
Ƥɿؿӣɭ亮⣬ת˲ţһܺõĿסԼ£ȴȭͷգָڶס

ʱֳݬBĿ⿴ȥʱĿ΢΢һ٣һ˲ľ벻š
¶֪ݬB˸ͨʱҲжţݬBòԲиͨѾԭΪ⣬ֱƼŮ

ŮֹɫãҲѾߣȻŵ͵أûзƣȴǷƷҲǳϸʱһ۾ƳϺõĺɵġ
ûһѫ˼ңͨѾߴɵѣ˵Ѿߣ˼ҵŮҲòôõĲϡ

ʱԭΪݬBֻͨʱ䣬磽ⷢйѣȫû뵽Ƕͨġ
欣򴽣ñݸѾߣ̧ĿѼΪº͡

ʱû뵽ڴݴ󽫾ʱЦϸ˵Żͬʱ̧ͷܣĿһãĳʮѵãٲãŸҪˮйͨ

ĿԼֳϣЦе磬ݽ϶¥ż䣬һֹ˿Գ̸һһԾȤҺҲմմĹ⣬ƹźѡΡ

öô˵ˣȻʵ֪߻ݴ󽫾Σ

½ƽûΪָʹãλȨأһձϻصĻӣ˻ϵı磬ûɾܾ
οӵݲָʹ˼򵥣˻̫Ӱ̫ӽãܾ͵ڷ̫棬½ƽδȣܾܾ

ƫͷݬBȴݬBӡ
ӵĿ⣬ƺͷβϣвκηʮƽ͸ƽʱʱûʲô
ݬB
ݬBһĨЦȴǲָͣûеѡ
ȻѾǷ˼򵥣Ƕӵ˼㡣
һ˲ݬBͺѣӴ֣˳ڳ˫ۣ½ƽҲ⡣

½ƽЩͷ۵ı˱ۣݬBЦݲãȻ⣬˵ǰɣ
ѣ²ƾܡ
ݬBͣ¶ѵָף΢ЦЦףǣָʹȻĳȻǹ
ֻǡ

ݬBȻֹ˲ɵö̧ۿص˵ȥ

ʱ䣬Цȴֲʧòҵú᯹ˡ
ʱ죬ڣݬBѾЦ欵֣ߡ
ҵúһӹҵѾӲʣӹΪʱһż䣬᯹ȵż䣬ѡΣؽӹﻹ㡣
Цݷǳᣬ˲øУ޷ܾҲľܾ

ȴֺ˪Ƴ

ݬB˵ɣȴ֮
λݴ󽫾һԸ欵Ѿż䣬һңݬBԸùһҡ
ӴƴϺĿӹݬBһ֡
˵̬ʮǣݬBͷβδһۣȴǽյýʾζʮ㡣

ݬBһ˲䣬款סӲ
ѣȴֲҡ
ɫ԰׵ˡ

ڲ̧
ݬBʲôǼһ¥ͺˣ
ֿ欣ɫȷܲ˼˲ͷ欿ȷ̫á
תͷʱ˵ʱ䣬ȴҽݣٹ㡣
ʱҪߣʱͲˣ͸ԵĲãҪԼΣֱӽǵźУҺαһˣ
ҲҪ
죬̧򦣬欣ʲô֣
ָȻ߬°ڣ۽ޣ׵ū次

ǰʱԱʵ̫ǰÿһ̣ޱѰ
欵ͷ𽥼٣Ժϵظһǿͷߣһߣ㰢ڰﲻҲҪߡ
˼ܿصƮԶ
ǵ÷Էū͵ȫݬBԣ취õͰһ뾩

ʱȷͷȫ亹СҲ΢΢ɫ԰͸ȷʡ

˼꣬ʲô̧ͷ΢΢һЦһż󣬾ðΪӲʣһǣΣ밢ٴȥɫõѣȥ¥ԶǾľ¥óԵúܣ㶨ȻûԹһҪҰȥΣ

ʱЦᣬҲǳУ֮ȴǣ㲻Ҳ̵ֹ̣̣֣ѣӡ

ȻóеĵѣǸСѾߣ΢ᣬݬBƾܲӵ룬ʱô˵˶ֻ̧ʲôʸܾ
֮ǰ˵ģЩˣĸǼԺգȨ죬ֻҪСָͷܰ飬ܽŪڹ֮䣬Ūⶼټ򵥲¡
Ĥ죬ʱ˵𽥱Զ
ǰʱһգԷյһھԵȨǰϵ⣬׸

¿־ռ欼ֱֱͦۿȻѰͨ죬ȴް⣬һҲûУٴϲ԰ֽɫٲȻļΪʡ

ͻȻܳһͷ
ȻʱѣΪβ˳ݬBĻԡӲʡɱ̧ܿ١
ǰּװֶͬΣҲмãٵǿֻ׸⡣
۾ΪͷһΥ֮£˽ŵҡҡ׹ͣ£һȻһת

һ˫ʵĴֽᱧݽһϤůĻ֮С

ָʹ᯹ĺܱǸĳӲʣ޷㣬նˡĳиˡ
ɤͷ΢΢ǷֽԴУͷҲصתȥ

˾һ㶣½ƽ

ݬBԲڣ˵ˣճԣ˵ʲôοǸ欵Ѿɫ˳ݾޣ˶࿴һָۣʹ䲻ŮɫҲˣ̲ס࿴ۣݬBôһҲ̣

̾ͰգѰɻ˼򵥴ֱʲôɣһ֪ǽڣǻһʼ;ܾˣ
뻤ѾͷҲÿϰ
һ˲䣬½ƽӹ

⻹ݬBʶڣͷһݬBʰ̯ӣҲʡ

½ƽȣģЦǰЩӣЩˣļΪʣŻͻĪҪ֡ſʱ䣺ʱã϶¥ż䣬ֺӹһѡΣϲġеģȫ򵥡

ʱۿ½ƽȫίл⣬ˣԭΪݽ佫ͬû뵽ҲЩһǸ³ç˺ç򣡡
ѾݽŸյûãͱ²Ҫ˸죿պļҹ˹ݽҪޣһȥݽ𣬱ΪݽãȰȰ˺ȻСͨߣḬ̄磬Լǰ;

ʱСߵ˶⻹ͷһα˵裬̣Ȼһ˵꣬ȹڣŤͷߡ

ʱһ˫˲ճȭɫѿޱȡ
½ƽϵЦҲŵ

һͷ
ʱԣӱ欳һæӭǰ
ӣ欹ôˣСѾ˻ظӦÿˣԵƬ
ݬBʱǳ½ƽݣȥȻɳˡ
֪ˡϣأԱǰߡ

ݬB͸һĵĮ룬䣬ټˣ죬ʲôҲ˵ԹԸȥ





12.   12    һƭ㡣

ʮ

ӸϽūš
ݬBɿɨ˻еСһۣŵѪɫݺһ
˱ۣԴػУѵӲҶ±ƼΪŮȦļӣͰá
͵һ
֪ԭʲô֪ǹġ

ӷ֪欺ʲôΪλҪִ
ŭ⣬һʱֻ֮뽫ί˵ʹ죬ǰЩСһǰʲôίܱţһֻʣôﲻסˡ

ƢģҲƢġ
ǰݬBݵ޷죬ԷֻݬBûûСҲΨô֮󣬲ᰤݬBĸ趼ҶݬBˡ
ֻǺצĥƽҲ֪צΪ

ҪûִҲԼΪŮȦļӣҲᡭ
Ҳʱ䡣

ƼСѾͷþһ뷽Ų㱻εģȫͬݬB㶡
ԭѾͷǸȫװģֻѿ
ܿЦõЦУȫ磬ͬʱ¶֮ɫ
欶ڻˣøƢñԼˡ

ãˣݬBᣬٴţ뿪ǿ˫ȴסĴ뻳С

˵ûͲʱ䣿ݬB΢΢۾Ц⡣
ͷҪ
ղģ̫ۡ

欱˵ֻŭСһƾܣݡ
ݬBٴ΢۵ЦԽŨ͸õµ⣬һҪ
һʱ䣬ȫһ׷һʱ·ĦĸO@졣

СצץϻһĨۣʹС

˵͵͵˻һ̿Ц
欶ԣˣһ¡
̧Ƚڳ֮䣬˫סͷСͷסĴݺݾ

£ԼӲģƴѹƵίһӿӿۿ
ʱˣֻ۸۸Ҳ۸
̧Ĵˣţţա

СɬˮݬB۽޶£Է룬۵Σޣûһʱ䣬ʱֻȷŸѿҸţѾͷ㣬ӿĽڶС

΢΢һ漴Ļ׹
ԭһͶԤ֮Уϵ˶¥ż䣬ʱɻѣʱ̻Ǿ䡰ҵѾӲʡΪܺõ|ӣ͵˳ݶ¡

ǹҪףжն񣬲Ż᲻һʼ;ܾӣҪȵΪ˲ų֡

ƫͷµҧס˫һ˿ʡ
һ뵽ԼʱǰеѿһСĻȫݬB͸ҲЩһŪڹ֮䣬Խί

ѳ˶ݬBĿãͷصĶС޸ʹ죬Ųشӻóɾӣ°ͣСϵۡ

ղôҪѿЦ
˴ϸؽţµĳͶǳǳӰϵĺһ㣬͸źͷϸᣬǶԶ޵ġ

ͷĥҷͷʢȫǵ˶ңֳҵˣȻⲻ˱˶ţҲԸ㵥Ͻյ¡
֮Ҳʲô˼ٴһЩҲ취죬ǣͻȻת䣬۵һЩ̲¡

ǰݬB´ӲֻҪԹһеİžͺãδ˵ѵǰҲô룬΢ģҲ̫ڱĩá
ôΪΣգͲţ˽ӴһӽСԺδ̫ˣ
΢ֿ

Сһ˫۶޵ЩˣֻۺͮͮģһֻСӣݬBüͷ΢ͷ۵ϸ˫ۡ

ƿϸɤ̴ŵıѵΪ°欱Ϊѣ°·ˣ款һӶܳ
óݬBжĵǣҲĳģĲٹǰӡ

ݬBĵ˵꣬ָͺεЦ⡣
±ţ˫ֱˣ˲ɵԼȫ׷һС
ѵԺ˺ӣˤۣͲѧ·𣿡
ᵽӣ̲סĶͷʧЦҲ֪Ҳǿһԡ

˵ĻڷлǿԼ𽥷ȵգķ˸ֺۣЦǹӵǲҪ欺ȱֻˣƤӺ尢欿ģ
ݬBƺԳȻЦӦá

欲ΪȻֻ˵ЦģǰЦˣɼ˲Ǿǰһֱѹĵ׵Ļһ˵

ӣǰģǰδȥ߹ʱʱʱͻ欳ţʱǿ˴ʱǲμӻʫᣬ㻹ȥ˺ܶܶطŰ欽ЩʱգĿļˣڶǵЩֶõĻ䣬Ϊؾ֮һоͶˣ뽫欼޸ˣ

ǵݬBؾյ龰òε˻ȴʼն䵭һھҪ޵
˲Ҳ˲Ŀšܴ𰸡

˴۽ޣ˵ȴҲûɿ

һĬ欺ɬڴĹâʧ
ۣƲͷٿڣűڻеƣ̧ĨĨ۾
ִǰʼնųĬֱͷ˵ˣݬBҲδش⡣

ʱݬBûߵּֿ죬̤š
欿ıӰĪġ

ݬB뿪ŸʱϾͿ֮ղԣԵץ˺ۼԼˣ̲סͷ͹ôˣǳˣ
ܻ㹫ƽʱ۹㣬ҲܶԹӶ֡
пԣҡͷ
ϼһʧǵĻģε̾˿һ䡰Ϊ֮첽ݬB

ԭΪԼղϵΪڷǵݬBģŻһȥû뵽һԷͼվſڡ
΢΢һĪҲ·˽һ㡣
ݬBڵ
ô룬Ѿһݡ

ǳƣԺʱͺʱʹңһᰲѾ߸㣬ʱֻҪһ˸׼
ݬBմ޺ͽƷС輸ϡ
ҪӦңŶҪñ

欴㶵ĿǰĳƣԼǲǳֻþ

ݬB⸱ģЦŽ˹ϣôҵ
ϸϣ촽һûһµϸĲµ繺ۣϸֱۣΪǵ̬ϣļȫճ
һʼҵȷţҵĴˣ϶˵ţ|ȵıϢŻ欶˵öԣҲΪˣͽߣҲȥ
ҧסĴꡣ

Ҳ˵տʼͿɳȥˣ

΢΢ɴһӾĺܿ죬ӱģдȸ뻶ϲ
Ǵʱи˵ÿҪˣҲֻƣɲĳı仯
ϾС͸֬һ㡣

Ϊҧҧ
֪˲ƽԵãĿĵġ

˰ָ˳˽ʵֱۣĻȥסѾʼҵĴ֣糺죬Ϣңӣʵ
һƭ㡣





13.   13    |֮ԣǲɵ

ʮ

˶£Ϣ΢أi׵Ⱦһ⡣
ɿָĴ꣬Ħżֵƣ-Уʲô£

շ̣Ʋָܿȴס򦣬ǿӲذ˻ȥӣ֫ϵֱۇһЩ˵
̬ʮǿӲǰӵģȻͬ
֮ľúܽϺֱ۵¶ȣ͸ԴԴϵĴ
ϴݬBŹȴƢ֪Լùһʱ㲻һ׼öԲߡ

Ů΢β͸żֽ⣬ĵöγˮһˮһﻹݵģ˵Ķˡ

£ݬBһ飬ԷŻ
欽ȥҰڣʵֹӡ
˵ɫָؿûκ׷ʻ͡

ʵʰڣ˱⣬ûܱеķӡߵش۽ޣͰ͸СɬĺΣ֪欴СûˣһֱӵԼĺӣ֪ݵ΢ⱲӶĺӣһǡǡ
ͻȻšţҲԺ׼źӣȴ뻵ӣһӶ޷ӵԼѪˡ

Сŵҧ촽˵УݬBʼ΢ЦĬֻԭ˫峺ˮܽ˿͸һ㡣

һıϸߣ΢ϡ
ðΣ˵ĴֿסϸָĦӡ
ţ֪ˡ˵
΢΢ͷŲϵ⣬Ϣҵòӣӣǹٸһʱ䣬վȥڣ٩
أˡ
ʲôǿбķӣ
ݬBЦ𣬷˱𣬳ȥЦ欶Ҫӣٸҵʱ䡣
ͷϸ˵ʲô
ҲŲ˼˵Ļ̫˼˲ͱƫ߳ܵҧ´ӿһȡ

ݬBˣĳЩʱرϲ˵Ϸ鵽ʱᰮҧĶ䣬ĵ˵һЩòȫȻġ黰
Щ޴ʣȴ䷳һһĽͣ¶Ƕ飬˶飬ļⷢȡ
֪˵ĿԶҲ벻Сʱɹӣ󾹻٬

ǳɫŮ˿ɢ齣΢飺ӣ欲ȱ欩
δ䣬ѱס˺Ժ󶼲ȡ

Ϻͷڶ˲Կ
ȻعЦ|˳ȥ
ԭأЩͷҲק˳ȥ
Ӳôᡭ
ЦһۣӶңԺٹʣֱӰǣֹˣΣѾ߻欹ڰͷҪˡ

ݬBϻˣȴСġˮ°ҹнһµ˿ѿһµĸջû뵽һ磬˾ʹӷģݹһ񣬱˿ҹĻơ
ǰѾ߽ʰʱҪСһ㣬Ҫ˳ѡ
ϴʱŲòϣԼСѾͷӵȷƫ衣

欱ڵüݣͣѾ߽źϴ
ԺѾ߾͸ź㣬һ̣һߡ
Ѿ߸ʰŽõҩ˵ǰҩ

欶ǰںҩۼĮȻʧ
|֮ԣȻǲɵ档

ٳδжɫ΢䣬Ϊȣ̲סڿο䣺ӦӳǰͨǲкӵģҲȵù۳裬ҷſģպӭޣӶĳ̶ȣݼӡҩӴױ۶ǷԷС尾ģﾡܷĺȡ

΢΢Ц£ֽӹҩ룬ͷһζȷְһһ㶼ɬ˵㵭ζ

ǰƭź¾ûȹ֪ζΣֻ˵࣬ʳ۽Żùĺˣ欲ŷ֣Ĳҩ

Ѿߵ۽سһţǳЦ뷽ұҪȥһá
ϴЦˮ۵ܽΣü۹μҲȫСŮĽ̬ȻղŵĳٶֻδȫѣԼˣŷ

ݬB˵ҪɳҲϺ壬ܿͱ

ʱһʼûϳ
ñ˫ƽ٣ī˿ԣѾ߼ŻҲʧׯ˵̬򷽣ɫ㡣

欲ߵѾҲֻ˵ǹҪһѯڣҽݺģ֮һţһȥ˺š
ڼأΪļҵǧ㣬û뵽ҪڣǰȴЦӯӯؽҿñգۣ۽üҾƤЦ⡣

ô㣡۵ڲסľȡ
վԽǰתһȦ֣ȫЦ֪ʣȴûϵ㡭
ڽʾ֭Ѱʻ㣬ȴκԴʶ޷ǰ˵ֻһ䣺Ϊˡ

欱ڵĿŶЦ̲ס죬˱ס
Ȼ䣬ֻаڴáġ

ǽȥ˵ڶС˸
뿪ڱС

ԣ˼̧̧ü
ǵð欽ʱһںţݬB¹Ȼˮ©ʮܵͬⰢ欳ţҲ˿Ρ





14.   14    ݬB֪ˡ

ʮ

˺ܿͽҽڼ䣬Ҫ˵强ΪɣѾ⡣

ڵ֪õƣӽţ˷ܵĴ˸ָ欵֣̫ˣ֪Ѿƽ븮ѵϰֻҪ

ӵֻҪõҵ
ԣ
һЦڿģ˶ϲ̵ġ
ܿģϵЦֿˣ˵̫磬Ҳѣû취㣬Ҫڳǡ 
ҵݬB

ǾͺãŰ豭һ裬ѾӦңΪ㰲뾩·߸ŵĵطɱԼһŪ̫࣬ԷһٶʮģֻǰЩҪʱ䣬һоһٸ˵
欵ͷʾû⣬ȴһֹ֣ôˣ
ڿǸΣʱûһ½ˡ
ţ

˫ֺʮǼҵٵȰ꣬½㣬˵Ҫǲͬ⣬Ͳ㰲·ߣֹҪݬB֪£欶ԲҲ֪ڷʲô񾭣ƽʱġ

΢΢һ漴׹ǰڵλ÷ָʹˣ᲻÷ˣҲһݬB׷ǣڻί
ǵãǰӳס
λָʹ˴ûκαʾڸǴ֣ȫ֪˼Ҫףٺ

ζĿһۣЦѰζɱΪҸܡ
ôܣʲôˣǸĹĸҸûƲƲ죬뵽ͷӲ֮ΣǸ޳ܵСˡ
εЦ
˺ܻ䣬λȨѬ죬ֶκ嶾ΪĽָʹС˵ģҲֻڡ

Ӵ᯴˹ˡͷĻƺȻŵ
ںһûķ˸ۣ˵أ˾ˡ
ȥɣ㡣欲һɳͼС
ȴһչԸ֣ǲŲԼæһͨлҲá
ȷʵæȷԸ˵л
欵˵ͷҴñ

ڲ˼ĵɴۣҾ˵û¸ñݬBҪģǱԵ
欱ֱۣЦⲻ뿪ǰ¶𣿡
̫ݬBƢҪ֪ͷһţ˽¼ӣ˵ٲš
ŮŴڻˣֻܺɸֵĿһֱۣһ治֪ϲʲôȥñ

ڴǰʱ̨ͷȻץҩӾվڹ̨Զֱ󣬴Ե˵ʲô࣬ڳ֣Ե˸˳ҽ⡣

֪᯴Сʲô£ЦЦʮֿղڶ˵ģȫȻͬ
欲ɵǣ͵͵Ц
ӻɽһЦ˳·
ǰһƷ
ʲô
ңϴ͵ģԼ࣬ԣͿ컯
ܳɣôԼԣ
ǻʳĹ˲õƷȻ֪붳ж
Ҳϲġ

˵ĶԻЦ⽥Ũ
ͷβӾͽվԵ۶ûƹֱһӲŵɨһֹ̧ۣڣԼС
ףֵݽҲͣѾ˿ӱͻظ

΢΢һȻЦˣҺñû˲
ǰҲУݬBõ붳ңȴûͻعǵ᯴

ڲУĵ룬һ
ʱлᳯӸлл˿ڰڵķϣū澸м
ףһ欲Ϊ⣬ͲԸжӴл꣬صߣȴͻȻڣǴСݣ֮űĸȥݵģ

󣬺뵽ӦڰӰѰˣҡҡͷǵˣʱ̫С
һЩ⣬Ǽʱĸǲǵκһ˵ֻ

欳Ĭ£˵ʲôǵãֻǵҵС֪֪걻ĸؤѡ
֪ƾСҪҵˣѣѣ̫ˣԭͲ鷳ڣŻصԼ취ҡ
ûʲôرļǺţ̥ǻ˰ʲôģ
˵ģϴλеϣ˫ͫѹűŭ˲ֱɷѯʵĴ

̧֣˰·и̥ǡ
״Ҳȷеر𣬿е¡

ݬBرϲΧµӡǣһµѩ컨һߺ˵̥ǵˣ͸ǹ£ǻ
֮󣬾ͶһЩķ欲롣

Ӷһٶʡ

뿪ҽʱλ˳·ָʹˣû뿪

ظʱڰڵı軯òˣȣȴʼųƾͷܣ°ȻĿͷ־
ȫЦֱгһϤӰ
ԼһͤͤٻӰ

¥ǰݬBӸµĿʱ䣬΢䣬һš
ʱ̧ͷ˵ʲôЦģһū͡
̫ҵǧվһ飬עĿдҴ߹ҲҪͷһۡ

欶ͻȻֻʣԼ

ôˣ̼ͻȻӣҲûЦ֡
ȡ
欵ĻæӰ硣

صʱѾͣһ
欸ձ߲³ԱűһʹİûãͷҲű̧

ǲ𣿡һӵɴ۾





15.   15    ﻹίţС

ʮ

ݬB빬֪ȥã¾ʹظͷֱӼøϡ
֪һȥƱػٺһ档

ݬB˼ܣ۲Ѱ˻ҪƲӵʲôԾȴǳλָʹտ欵񲢲һ㡣
ǳĲһ㡣
ƽʱεĲʹ죬Ҳǰʧ˷ִ硣
Ÿʵиø˳ʽȴȫǣֱӾͽ˸˳ȥΪΣҪһ£ˣҲ롣

ǰΪ½ƽĴ֮λйεĽ֣ݬBֹһγԹĿʶŸر
ҲҺر⣬ҪٳһӵĿ
Ӻͬһˣ˼صüһˣεĻأص۾ȴƭˣһ۵ʵ

ӳ欣ӹľ뾪ϲת˲ţҲƵһ

ݬB΢һһزʹ죬µñƣȴǲ԰ɫһƵᣬӱ޲ͻȻ˲Ҫĳ˳
Ӧ죬սתͷͬʱһ߿һ֮֡
¥Χ˶ͻⶼŵĴӴܣΨһЦӯӯݬBԡ
ݴ󽫾ּˡ

᯹ݬBɫ΢䣬͸һɾǧ֮룬ϰԵ΢Цף䵭ֲʧò

ʱûĿ룬˫ֱЦݽΣݽ˵Ҫǡã¥һԣղײա
ĳм©
£ʱ΢΢̧°ͣǼƻҵĹϵ˼ֲͣðɣȻм£ҲΪ㡣
ݬBòһЦҪȥʱȴǰһֽ¡

ֻҪݽʹ͵ĶҽＴɡʱü΢ЦЦݽտʱ䳤ôͷһر˦ɫȥѹãĸҺöΣҶû㹰øʲôҲ˵˵Ϊ˻סôãҸҲΪɣ

ݬBӸµĿ޵ڣ۵𽥽㺮˪΢΢ЦǲΪ

ʱԣЦԽãȫڲסĵ⣬Ҫ֣ݬBȴǸһЦϧĸԶңĳ˽ҿӱͻعʱѽ˼ĸС

ǰ˶ңظ·ϣĪΣԵ䲻ͬʱȴͬôԼݣ϶Ҷֱ֣ӾͽҶȥ
ʱ䱳ɽСȷᶯ֣ҲӲŮ˶֣οǸСƷԭȲΪ⣬û뵽Ѿͷȴ֪ĵ֪£Ʋ˺һӡ
Ϊصޣ˽Ʒͻء

ʲôʱŭҧҧĵѹĻ
˻֪ʱȴ֪Զҡ

ݬB۵һ˿ͣٸã۽ȴƳһĨӰ
ӰȻܿͱµסȴѾϳ˭
ͷһ

ղʱСѾͷûЦݡ
ˣ

ʲôʱ򩤩
ʱüֺЦҪʸݬBͻȻнȥ
ԶȥӰĿڲţĿɿڴ
ݬBȻΣ潫Ʋ£

ʱ˲䱻Ц˶ţеĲۻıŭ𣬳ױ

-

欸ͣڹŵһڣرһʹధ
ãͷ˱Сְ˽̧һӵɴ۾ǲ𣿡
ȥȻɫŤҰֽһϢ裬ֹˣʪ͸Ǳ
üʣôˣ

̼棬ǰѯʣŵ֪ԭųʱ԰߻ӡ
߻ӣײ߻ӣˣ̵һͷˮ

ǡСҡͷ
߻ڱ߹ʱֻȮű缲磬磬ս湦ϼȤһ߻ӴǽϿ꣬߻Ҫ빬԰ʱֻȮͻȻͲܿǵС̫ҲסֻȮ嵽ǰƴͣǰ¹ûܵȵ߻ӹֹˡ

ͻȻѽһܰ
ԣܡС˵ͷͣһܣֻ߻ӵĻ׷裬豻Ƶ·ߣһʱ鼱԰ĳȥ

ȥʱˮǳˣʡ
ǡС˵ͬʱѾ̧š
ͬʱ

費ˮԣʱϢ٣߻ϳǳ裬ҵ˴赽¹ƫһɾѡû뵽¹ƫҲһֻ󹷣豾£ų˼Ҳû׷ͱŵŶ

һܸǲˣȻײ˸ջع¹¹һڹ澱ײöᡢϵʱ͸ںͷʱմŭ˽ȥشʮ壡´˳Уȥ飬ϲŴᷢ䣬ֻʮ塣

΢΢ɴۣǲ˼飬һ˵ʹ졣
ǰ˱Ͷһ˰ӣĪ쿴ۣڤڤ֮ж

Ҳ߯ùˣ̾ʮӰȥһ²˴ֲСˣҪûг飬氤ʮӣС
ɲǡСЦЦʵ˵ʮҲûõȥѾȥ⻹֪ùȥ

欻صԷﻹС˸ղ˵ĻŸںľԲǰԲͷķʰӣ欹Ѿˡ
ݬBˣô磿

欺ȻղڽϿĻ棬νɲŮòòƥ䣬ΪȤµĺ飬˲ȥ

-

ݬBһظȥѣͻظĶȡǰԽӹƷ
СѾͷȻһظһЦݬBȴ̾Ͳʧ䡣
ղȻˡ

ݬBתͷϽȷŻرѡ
ǰĬؽһѱ

ͷ͵һﻹίţ׽ĬĬƫͷѵõıֳܵģ





16.   16    ôһ㶼

ʮ

˴ۿСƫͷԼβ
żƵĽ˱޺Լϣֿڣȥˣ

ѹʱͷչʢݬBնŶͷϻظڰű裬||Ϣ£˳Ųϵķ϶Ƥ
ҹʱҪˡ

|ıȦڻЩ͸͸ܿӵƣѲҹ˶ʲô£ڵĶ£

ݬBֱյøͷ촽ĶͳЦ欶ȥĶˣ˭㲻ˣţ

ƫͷҲ˵
֪ԼװʲôҲûУǰκУľźУˣЩ׼õƯ滰ȴһҲ˵

Щ£ӱ˿ԼۿĳԶиȫһΡ

ݬBûĿܣ̧Цܽ棺ҶңҪȳԻźٳԣ

øɾƯֹѫӵܣսɱвգۣĴ󽫾ʱ˵ȴͷϸһᣬϵЦҲᣬУ޿κεĳЦ⡣
Ѱôһ壬һһͿһŹ㣬ҲúƫƫеС޶ԣһ㷴ӦҲû

ҪǻԵѫӵܣҪ˦ȥС֪ͨôȴµؼ˵ٳš

款Լһȭ޻ϣɵŭҲԼһʹ죬ȥƫġ
ʵ֪˵ʲôܴѣֻҪ˵ԼüӣҪң³ƱûգʱҪ뿪ϼѡ

ݬBţʱϣǳĵģһһڵι
Ϻͷվźèˣ̻мСҡ
ȫͷĿбӣ۹۱ǡǹģȴѾܲסǰ׽߳ܵͨ죬ֺ

ôһ㶼

̫ߣټ£ûθڣ˼ڣҲ죬ͷԵĿ˻С
С۲˵ģر

ݬBˣٶϽȡ󣬾ź˶¡
ιԶǰȻ˵ղڽ᯹

⧲ĵ紵ѹּ˵ȥ뿪Ÿǰ㣬¡лȫ˵
ᣬ˼롣

̧ۣͷ㶵Ŀ
պҨһ׶ң͵ǰԡ
˵Цݴһֹƻëӹļ⡣
ʹ죬̽ȥζ⻯һ·ͷ֫ٺ

ŹԽݬBͳţĿ븮
ΪСᣬȫãǰһʱõﶳҵıζ
ⲻ֪СһصԷ͸̺˵Ҫ˯źȫ˳ȥ

Ҫ

欲֪ݬBģֻţһӣһҡ
û뵽һ綼ûš
ѵû޼䣬鷿ˣ

ݬBѵûлظֻϻ˵Ҫ߻Ӹϡ
˵һ£ԡѰɣź˶£ٴη䵹

-

ա
ʱչ¥¥żһͱȫ¡

½ƽ˦ȣסڱǣĴ˸Ƿ
ݬBͻȻţ˵Ҫ˯ǣһû˯ԺǴѣ½ƽǳߣӲǱһҹߡ
°ҹ̲סܳȥݬBʹشһܡ
û뵽ݬBԽԽƵòӭս

´鲻ãܲԼҼջסˣ½ƽǰƵˡ
ݬBЦû鲻á

Ǻǡ
½ƽףƤЦⲻЦʣ˵˵һû˯ǴΪ£
ݬBЦҡҡͷžƱһ
½ƽȣݺһģΪһҹû˯˫۲Ѫ˿Щ˵һ¥ȾƣΪ£
ҪȾƣҸۡȲҺúò߲𣿡

ݬBʧЦ°ҴæȻ¥л
½ƽһ㶣漴ָ£˵ߵλ赽ˣ
ⲻ˳ۡ

½ƽȻ
У˳۾Ҫ½˸Ǻֵܡ
ȣԼͷƣбдߣĵĿͷִ֡
ѲѲ

¥ǰǾΪֵı´֣ϲֻнε꣬ŸʽĲׯ¥¥ƷӣҲͷС֮ʲôӶУʲôǾŮһ֡

½ƽһȥȻƼѾĹǴС
ԭһյȣŽϷ羰ֱ˼رӰȻһ١
ôˣݬBƤ˳Ŀ⿴ȥ½ƽȻȣǰ
ûʲôľơ

ݬB΢΢Цɨһۣٿػӿ

ﲻ¥ѵλã¿ϾһɣվߵСһܳĽӹӵݸģҲƵһ
СѾͷЦĺܺÿ˺޲ýѪǣʱ̲룬ٲܡ

ݬBֱؿˣͫһƬ͸⡣
û¶ȣûи顣

ΪʲôҶôã㻹Ҫˣ
ΪʲôҷѾ˼Ļ㣬֪޲ԣ޲㻹Ҫ䵹Ȳ뿪ң
Ϊʲôأ





17.   17    欶촽ҳ

ʮ

һҹ޹òĴ㡣
ûʱָΣ
뾩Ҫ֤ļû֤ļѹ벻˾

ǸûаȫеˣСûУǰݬBòװЩҲڱͶʱȫľˮɢ
ѰѰȫǾĻ뷨ǵ˯ţһţȲسڣһԲߡ
ھµ׻ǵÿӣʹţԭҪֱӵ˾û뵽ڰ·ӡ
ʱľ󣬺

ʱλˣһСûжɳڵıǺ«Сʵɫף˶øɸһ
֪ˣΪСıǺ«ʲôеĶ

ӵĻ˫˫죬һЦ
ɳڱǺ«ڴСϲԡ
欴յڶߣ⻵۵ĵЦ£Ҫûţ᯴ǲǴͻűǺ«˳·ã
ȫӻ˷ʱ£ΪȻҡҡͷ϶ǱǺ«ʲô⡣
û뵽䣬ǰͶһǺ«Ӳ֪ʱǰ

̿ƫͷȥ

Ǻ«ûʲô⡣˵Ȼ˵ĶԻ
ɻ󣺡
ղԶԶƼǣ֪϶Ҫԣ˳ˡ
ٺ٣֪˼лЦǴĴӹǺ«

ǰûӣȻû˵ĻԭΪӷ⣬ȴųףףԭУӾһڵĺֵܡ

ԭĵЦڲϣҪüαˣû뵽ǰͻȻһǺ«
𣿡
欻һش𣺡ԳԳԣһԶɳڡ
һڲеĲԾЦ|ӼüŪۣ᯴㲻ԾôôϸģҼҰ欶һ
ûűֻΡ

ԭܾȴƴҪ¡
ΪĿ֮һģȻҲüãխȣͦΣʳڣվȺرۡ
һĹвٹƵƵĿ
ֻ뿪֣ܳ£Сڵ̫ˣҪҸĵط

Ҫ̸ĴֵȷʣͷУ¥˵¡
¥Աߣܷ㣬˽¥ܿر쵽¥ż䡣
ڶֱӣһ͵ֱ룬˵
£뵽˿ڲ裬ʲô⡣

ָ΢飬ЩŵĿٴ̵ףݬBˣȷԼǲͬˡоҪ⣬ʲô

ӺȻ欣˵СʱǱݬBģ
欵ڲֹһΡ
ԡ欵ͷ
ڽ˵欴СͰݬBˡ
΢Ĭ欿һʣΪʲôȻ뿪ݬB
īĺ͸Ϭ⣬·һ۾ܽ˿͸

ӺݬBеƣȴֲԶУ·һжǵƿУֻһԲڣ˴ͬ㴺磬һưý˲ұӡ

Ŀ̫ԣ欱ŵòҶ˲׸ղǸСĸܡ
뿪ӱôףżͻȻͱ˴򿪣ͬʱȥ

ޱ飬ݲȵس΢΢ף߻ӣݴ󽫾

һ˲䣬ǱݺԴһƬհףһĿ־ϮȫȻֽŷ飬µôʶĲ

ô죿ղЩݬBҪ˰ɣ϶ˣĳһᱻջȥǲ߲ˣǲҪǰһԶֻܴСԺҲȥˣҪʱٴα˱Ͷ

欶촽ҳƴȴѾ˻ŵ

żڵһxǵᣬѹֵͳ·ܽ˱Ʒ衣
½ƽǻȻɫĴ˸Ƿҡ˽ЦԪּ֣ˡ
ղ¥ǡüǼ˽¥˵ǰŸǷһٷŲԪӦ֣

ȫ½ƽ˵ģݬBƽʱԶ֮ȴʼղһ

ղԼһһӸıǺ«֮󣬿־˲仯⣬ӿۿ

ɫ΢䣬ʶס欵֣ݬBȴߣȿڣӴʧˣ鷳㻻λӣ欶һ顣
һľ׽ۣ˿ߵͷڣºˮӺǳǳЦ⣬ţ֥ģƽʱ޶¡

ҲҪܾȴȻֹڣ
㵵Ŀӣʾ뿪次
ȴһɨɤޱȣڡ
죬ʵĵ˻ȥ
ֻ֪ҪյĽͱʾûأȥץˣۿöˣۿתţ˶ڷʱ

ݬBЦ£޳ǽڷָḧѡ
ע⵽Ȼʲô͵̧ͷڣڣȥɣ͹һ
Сɤϸʱŵıˡ
ݬBȻ߬ѣָףڼѹʲôǰһӹ롣

¥Ƕľ¥ÿһż䶼СֹзһԻ޺

½ƽû˯òУ̬ɢؿ޺ϣžɤԵƣӹͻǿйҹдû欹˵һղҼ欹ֻʱίӹŲλλÿճСڡ

߻Ӷ˽ڣ˵ȵزûɼֻ֣ȥǰ̲ס࿴ݬBۡ
ȷƽʱ죬欵һᣬĲ鲻ԸĽλøȥ

ݬBҲ

֪᯴ϲʲô
ݬBӣ΢΢Цţ˵ͬʱµĴ֣ס欸ϵС֡
ۡ





18.   18    Ҫߺòã

ʮ

ɫͰףݬBôһգ˲԰ֶֽøˡ
ݬBǲʲô΢΢ͷһ˲ס

ԵСŨ̵ܾĽëͣţ˫Ѿͨ죬ֻҪһգۣͻˢϸСģָԴ·ֻҪϵһЩͻ˶촷ۡ

ҡҡ׹ȴƴװһµģ米ͦúֱ͸һӾǿְ

ݬBСѾͷԼʱеұ̬⻹ġ
ʶں¡ڿ־ĶԼĪЩ꣬ȻЦĵԭѹŵǵ˵˲ͱȡ

ϵȻһɡ
欳|žӨˮӣʶݬBﾡǲ˼
ݬBƺǲĿ⣬ͬƫͷ
̧֣ᵯĶͷƯüۼȫᣬʣôˣ
͸εЦ⡣
ۿ΢죬ת΢΢ü޳ָ⸧βӣǵĴս۾ôô죬ܣĶˣ

̬ģЦݺƽʱ޶¡

ݬBû
ԻĿݬBʱӺȻڣġ
ڻشݬBղʵǾ䣺֪᯴ϲʲô

ԭۣƴİʾӿ취Ļٿһ㶡
ԭ޺½ƽҲƤЦЦλָʹˡ
ӵɨݬBСβָ⣬䵽ݬBϣĿԽԽϲݽ벻ϵ

||ƣԭûͷ㿿޺ϵ½ƽȻӵǰ

ݬBָ΢٣»СЩջ֡
̧ӭӣ΢΢Ц磺ôᣬҪ治˻ظȥȡǣ᯴˲ؿ

ӷ·ûݬBЦ⣬ƽ˽ԣĽ˵еȫ˸飬˵ûеҲˡ
¥ĻƼĹˣҲûֵ㷨㾪°͡
ݬBЦݲ䣬ɫȴһ㺮˪

ھӷˣס֣ͣʾʾ˵˹ˣȴͽ޹
ôԲô죿
Բ꣬Դ˾кֵܶܡ
ڣ

ȫŵ
Щ֪룬ЩСĿݬB
¥ĶɲˣӶӵЩ¥ƲˣӶǵ㵽ǣһһ
ݬBʼϴЦ˶

һٴͳϼȻһҲޣȴ졣
ӵ˵֮ݬB˴û˵һ仰
欳ԵĵǲӵôˣΨ½ƽһ˺޸üЦ̵ĳš

Ȼûܳ꣬Ͳ½ƽݬBòĵ£½ƽ˳֣ݬBûһҲ뿪

ڿԲĲˣЦõӣݽ㣬ǵ㲻˳ۣȻôݵķʽ硣

ݬBͰ¥¥ټⲻƵĵ˷ʽϴƱȻֻƻظȡŹ
ӳԾ¥ԵǮɲʲô¡
ݬBͷʢ뿴Цֻ಻٣¥϶Ҳ˶ºܿͻᴫ˾֪

ûҡ
ȫţ㲻ǳûóϴŸܵɣ
㲻ʹ죬ҪʲôûʱҶ߶ݣǸѡ
ڣ
˵󻹳Ĵˣ
ǽԭֹܴ򣬻˵
С˼


-

ظ·ϣһͱݬBϡ
ݬB˫۽ϸ쳣һҲû˵
ڵգȸղ¥Ҫѹʮ

ԭ˵˱ʵ̫أԼյÿ͸
ûа취Ϣʵ̫־壬һθܣܿͲģӣ۰ū澿͸ˡ

ݬBԹȻȴȻת˹Լ
˺ʵǿٴıȿĴϡ

ʲô¶ûֻǰı𵶣ʵ̫߳ܡ
촽Ϳĺ󾱣ȵĺһһ|еĶ
·лͣգµѩ|źԽңûһ款ͳߺ

ȴƺԭָ⣬ȻϣϵƣѾȾһ糺Ĳ촽˺һ¼ֻĦµ̥ǡ

Ĭһ·ڿڣ欶

欷ǳָű룬ֿᣬ»ۡһ㣬Īĥˡ
⣬ҧ´ҳѾеƮͻȻԼãȻġţ
Žɤ˹ͷҪ֡

Լöһ飬͵ػعյİס֡

ƺǱĺ߸ЦЦڴѰѹա
Ǻ«ó𣿡
欺ò׷ɵһֱ
µüҪ޳̲ס룬ôû

СﲻϿڣ˵ĴֻصСɵ촽Ħĵһ飺ʲôζıǺ«ţ
βȻᵽ£ȴеľζҲ𣺡ɳζġ
ݬBϲŭպϲԵĶɳڡ
˵Ҳϲԣȴմܳһͱ˹ȥһ˲촽صĺס

ôֲӶ飬Ҫ븹źεĴζ
欳ʹ̲ס̧ȴصİУǵøףֻܱͷǡ

Ѿ˹ݬBɿ

Բʲôζ|Ỻ|Լ촽ЩգѻһƯĳް䣬ǣǸɳڱǺ«ó𣿡

óԣƴҡͷϢ΢ңֻϲҵġ

ݬBƺ𰸣ЦһãӻóӣƵĲСʱ˵һμǰ㡣

˵ֺƯɾйǸУ
΢΢ףϸĵñŪҵ½ȹ|ڣȻ˵欶֮ǰ˵ԼѪˡ
ãȻӦԡ
Ѿ½ϴ̽˵Ϣ
ʲôͫȻ
ݬBЦЦ׼Űʱؽᱧ
һ·ںĿ⡣

ľٶŭү볤µأȴø
ͷĶͷͫīһ˿ٸһʱ䡭
˴һš
ܿҵǡ

ҪʲôҶ㣬ԣҪߺòã





19.   19    ǲȢֻǲ

ʮ

𣿡
·ֻεֽ߬ס֪ȴ̲סȸԾ
ˣһӵĶӡ
̲ס֣ץס˵ֱۣ۾˲æ׷ʣҵõ𣿡

ݬBۿ΢ɲĲ¡

۾ɾƯӳ⣬ˮĺѣâܽա
ʮһʱһ˫һޡ
ʱСѾͷģСͷ縣ССһݵֻʣƤǣһǸ
ԶԶȥٶƲ壬Ψһ˫þˡ

Сӵ֪Ŷδ㽣öִ档

һͯϲرѰͨŵСϣȴ̲ס࿴ۡ
ʱ̲ס룬ôһ˫Ư۾ȴδ¶֮ɫδȴ֪Լʲôһˡ
Ҫ֪ԼҪΪ׸ǸңΪ|ˣϣƶˣٴε䵽ԨĨâǲǾʹԶİȥ

ӣһ·˵欵ľһֱôţţֻںԼģ˻صԷҲﲻסСؿ˿ڡ

ݬB˼ϣĿٴλصСϡ
С˫ģ˲Ҳ˲ĿſմŸظϣΪҪ޸

ݬBɫȻİҲ˲Ÿյſڣ󻹸ūͣȻ͵ͷס촽̽ݼ䣬˱|

ôһ˫Ư͸ֻõӳκ˵Ӱ

˾ƣ첽ڣһڼ䣬̧ŵͬʱ˷
欻ת֫ͱһֱֻסײŰ壬ʶرۣȴûԤеʹȵĴưȵķס
˵촽ѹסյ۾ҵ£ٴλص΢ĺ촽ԵĿҧӶᣬʮռ

ȫһ飬

ֹ欱ŵ˶ˣûܷӦͷĿѣܵ˳ͻļǣϺͷľϵĽСӰֻϸֱ۱߸߾𣬽ϣ಻Ȼصɴۣǻŵĵͷҳ

˻֮ʣźٿشܳһ²˺죬͵ػعɫ࣬˶ȥ

ô컯յľ͡
ݬBʱ͸ź򣬴δ˻£ȫţͬʱԲϽȥСԸ˾׼ˮ

-

ݬBʵ̫˽欣ֹ˽ˡƢ˽е㼰ϲûκ׼֮£Ķ֡κǿȣĸԸڼ羢лƳ٣ںͷϸĵۡ

ԺĻعѾ˱ϴϣٴλصʰøɸɾĴϣӵڻС

ŮͰ覵ļԡˮȾøԽ|ۣ˶һƯķۺɫľ֬͸ɫˡ
ݬBָĦ΢׵촽ڻشǰ⣺ҵĵ
ƵɤżЦ⣬˻Ƶý˶顣

һʼûӦ˺һ͵̧ͷģ
Цġ
Ŀ֪뵽ʲôӺȻȥ
ƭˡ
ţ
Ůԭ̷ɬһüۣȾŨŨίϴҲ˵Ժ󶼲ȱշ軹Һˡ
ǷСһĹϵСｿԴŵĿǻ

ݬBԣȻĬ΢΢šü

欼״ͷӿһõԤУӿɱ˵ȫ֪
ݬBĸ裬ҪûݬBҲš
ҪݬBô˵ǿ϶ƭ

ݬB·͸ȻЦˣ̧֣᲻صصĶͷʲôأ
첻˵һ˫ˮĴ۽
ɰ
ݬB˫ãͷͷģС֫ѰŮӻҪϸݵĻȸǼΪ
ҵĴ

һ˲ȥ
֪

ʲôݬBи⣬˲μˣ˵ꡣ
СԹǹӹⲻһ˵ꡣ
ݬBЦǣҵĴ
Ȼһû֮ǰ˽¼汻ݬBײţݬBˣ̫Σǰ졣
Ǹ㣬׼ҩǱֻӵĲ

Ȼصɴۣʲô
ݬBٴηŵĻ콫ڻԼǣõ֪Ϻͷ趼֪
ݬBĻ欲ģһٴγȵףƫͷ㿪ǣɫ΢ףΪҪаҲԼ𣿡

ԭ룬ҪݬBҵˣôʱھҲǿԵģֻҪݬBǰ뿪Ϳԣ뽫ԼڷԷҲȥҪ

˺Ȼ˻ȥ֣ðβ˵
ȣֻ欸˼˿Լʲôûǡ
ϰʵȴдСС˰ֱ̣ۼҲȶһܳ˰̣༰ҲУÿһǹѫȴҲĿġ

欻ǵԼͷһμʱ޵Ķšһţ۵ò˵
ټûǰѹȴҲеܡ
᯴ֻ⣬ӣ𩤩
ס֣ȣȴɿһ

ҵؿ
ֻݬBߵǰ󣬲֪ʲô
ûһԻƶ¶һӡ
㵵ĿݬBͷȡľ䣬صǰ

ץűӣ΢΢
Էū͵ͷ齱ߣӸµĿľд򿪣欶ҵˣҾͽ㣬ʱǾͳףҵ֮ǰһ£Ҫź𣿡

ףûƣһȫţҵˣүͳҲȢҵġ
ݬBЦ£ͷɢҵķ˿󣺡㲻õģһ취ġ
欿Цˣ죬˵ʲôȴɬһֶ˵

ĳŵ뱣֤ÿģзԽʧ䣬˵ʲôζ
ݬB˵Ϊ棬ôǱʾǰû취˵ףǲȢֻǲ롣

кȻӿһ˵ί
뱻ݬB״ɻϣת֪ˣǹðڹɡ
ˣþͰµķӲС





20.   20    ˭Ҵҵˣ

ڶʮ

һ磬ݬBϳǰȻԸȥ֮󣬱㽫
ڸսݣ款ͷźȫ˳ȥСĹţߵ
ʢб裬ȵͷ󺹣欵Ļҩ䣬ǰ˱裬üૣ

ָ߬ϢԴ

ݬB欷´һʱͽ˹֮󣬵ȷһھǳҪӵ
ֻ֪ñӵ£ԭԼþ͸¶֪û뵽ݬBȻ次
ھΣƬ̣ʣΪͻȻᵽ£
ԥ£ݬBĻ˵һ顣
ݬBҪΪˣҪף𾪵˵ݬBٲ欳ţɫ΢΢һ䡣

ݬBҲȢ˭ԣ次

欳̫ͣ㳤ǹعȥٹǹҲԹȥֻҪٹͬ⣬ݬBμ֣Ҳܳɣ뵱Т淸ϣˣʱҲݲҪٽְ

ݬBôһˣ᲻֪У款Ǹ֡ڱ߹ذ꣬òװͷ´󹦣ǷޣĿΪһŮʲôҪԾǺƭ֮

˵ЩֻȽס

ֻҪʱʱѰ˵ϢֹܺĸԸߣҲȥϼ꣬㵽ʱûҵˣ󻹺ͱ˳ףҲû취

ļ٣ַɵݬB㲻ҪĻҪ߲ˣ
ҡͷûС
ôɵ

˿˵ûУȴĲɣͷͻͻⲻ
欶ݬBжжϲжأҪ֪ݬBֹûƭȱΪ˱ӵ̲סҡ

ӵͬĹЧΨһĲǴҩΪӷã֮䲻ǰ㣬þͻ᲻УҲã֮ӻ䲻ܹ鲻ʲôöѰӲѡñӵ

ݬBΪ󽫾ʱпսӵǿǶ˵Ҫñӵǰ̿Цһʼڲ޳ɣݬBȴ쳣֣ĵױƫԼѣ欺ȱʹӦ

˼ˣͻȻһ飬͵׹
ݬB˹˼ܣŲߣǹҪ͸¶֪ýᣡ
˼žҪҪʵԸ棬˽ս֮Уľźر졣

欹˹ȥһˡ


뵽ʲôɫˢס
ȻҲ뵽һ飬ذס֣ҡͷպ⣬˵Ӳʡ

û뵽˵ӲʣͷȴȻЦ欹˴ӵĳ谮ȻһˣȻµŮ׷οҲ

欴ѾµҪ˵ʲô

ĪҪˣȻ۰ӣӦӲԤԷһУûӦ˵ˣ˶Ҫһÿָʹ㣬ҪЩ˿ЦȥֹҪΪЦӵҲһǧɡ

˶£ת䣺˵ū벻㣬ôֻԹ㣬ֻǵʱ»᲻̫ÿүҪ֪ˣӶҪҷ

˲䱻Цˣʲôʲô
˭˲֪οҲʱ佻ãղ֪Լȥû뵽ǳ˳ģ˽˵εóҲһѾߣа취ܾ

欵޲
ʱĸԣǰݬBţʱֱҿʼף뵽Ҫһ棬ڼ޽ǰһ
һǰ棬ʱǰԤ֮С
ôܲߣ

ȥȥȥǡڼæס֡
ҡͷⱾҸܵģðҡ

ֹȥҪԽԽãݬBףһҲаȫ
ǰݬBȫ֪еʱݬBΪ½ƽĴ֮λæòɿÿ춼ظ
ظʱΪ·ģ£һҲһΣǰôˡ
ЩίԼ̣ʹ˾Ҫ˵Ȼû֪

˵Ҳ֪ٹĳ谮ݵĺܣҪԹԷ롱欣ٹᷢ𣬵ʱֻѿ

ãһȥ欵֣סο£ǲֵ̫ġ
欱סֱۣһ˫ЦôС
ûĿһۣȡЦ֪¥˭һݬBŵۿˡ
Ϊ죬ٿĪ磬Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôôݬB

û뵽ҪѾߴ뿪Էʱȴһṳ̂ȥڷԷͷĻ

Ŵǰˣɫ΢䣺ŴǺιʣ
ʶЦЦ󽫾û欹ﲻ˽뿪Է벽
ûѾߣҪûҪȥģŴǲģһȥǡ

ʶͷһ챻ݬBڷԷʱ;ҽΣ˰ĵûеǹү򳤹ˣҲˡ
ʶƳһۡ
СＡۣһ˫ĿˮģĵĶܵγˮݾףȷʵǸ۲۵ĴˣѹܰѽԵߵ

֪ҼǺοֹţ̫ҵ᯴ةฮ´Ҳţǵʱ䱦󣬲Ŵ˵ġ
û뵽۴ܻգʶβţ˵Ķԡ
˵öԻÿ
ˡѴ


ڵֺȻһأԿһۡ
ǰݬBҲнŷԷȴǴˣֻѰԺ
ڴսСݬB㱻͵ǲǣȻһԼĸŹСԺӡ

ʶѰˣҲţֹǱɵСӣݬBĸǱߵˣʮ͸ݬB½ƽߣ󻹸һ鵽߹أ˵ĸҲΪ

ȻϵʶҲû
ڳü˽Էصõˮ©ĵȥȲУ治֪ҪΡ
ͻȻס
ֵĿһۣôˣͿݬBҴҵ̤Է

˭Ҵҵˣ





21.   21    ݬB˽ԭء

ڶʮһ

û뵽ӻͻȻɫǴδй͸ʢ˵
ݬBĿسվǰѾɨ˹ȥǺˣ
ɱΣ˲ϥһͨȥɪɪū澴ߵѾߣҪ欹ū澹

Ц£ղŶ˵Ƿ˵һ顣
ݬBɫ䣬ָḧѣѹзݵɱ⡣

ںĺεĲãüµı欵ֱۣףεóҲһѾߣа취ܾȥֹҪΪЦݴ󽫾ҲҪһǧɣǿջӣָ˭

ݴ󽫾а취δζ˼ʱϻס欣ҪûţЩͱ˵Դʣ뺦£

ݬBʱվԣɨڱ֡
ƽʱϰǱһƳͷһʶɿ֡
ݬBֽʼղһСУԲ԰׵Сˣﲻʣ
̧˵
ݬBСʪ΢΢죬üۼ͸ŲŭҲԵίǿŭ⣬¡
欴£ū澼Ȼ˹ӣϰߡ

ݬBһϣǰΪ𣬶ŲʵЩӣ˲仯ޱߵǵصϮѹµɤӷۡ
˼ӲŲͣ͵ؽС뻳ƺ޲ý֮϶Ϊһ

һѶ۵ݺţѪۡ

ʶĿɿڴĿжȣӲǰʧ̬ݬB𾪵˵
ٴ¶Խ欵Сͨ˲֪ͬ
Ů˿϶ǽͷ⣬κί˭۸ֱ

Χ˺ܶ࣬欲ϰǰݬB׽üӡ
տڣͱݬBᱧ
Ҫȥģ
ݬBûߣֱӱ̤Է

ɤЩۣ˵ÿֶżɬЩˡ֪ӲҲ㣿Ȼƾܲˣ㡣
㣬Ժ㡣

Ŀ࣬ҪݬBٺǰʱܵίȴĿ
ͷһ̡
꣬ǲһؿС
ղһѾ뵽ҪٴûسƣܿߣȻҪߣôֺαʱ䡣

ǰͷŵûӶŭģһ·ͷ̤߾һﳰŮһСͨ絹ǱЩŹŮȥ㣬ȻôòŹҺ㻹еӣûŴĳ谮ͻͷǹ涼Ҫ㶪

ʱͷƷ裬ЦҲˣղ˵Ļʵݴ󽫾ŸǱСͨԵߵֹΪײҴ磬²ܣó½Ӹϳ
˵̧ͷݬB߽͵һеıյ˲䷭ڵأһǱ
ʱѾ߾һæӲá

磡ݬBʱŵվﱧŵŮ˭֮ɫһס

欶²˴˵ζҪұԽ˴֪ýк£
ݬB΢΢Цţ˪ѩĺȴǹỡȣγǿҵķ
ɨɫѿޱȵʱݲȵฮŮ塣

ǱʱôǿģͲۏˮݬBôһǲò΢΢һ
ղ½ƽ欣֪ŮݬBвһ㣬֮ǰȰʱ䣬ϧһҲȥ

ʱڿݬB欽ʱûеӼҪá
ѹߵѾȥˣôãԭݬB

ûݬBôʱЩ޴룺磬Ҳ֪ˣҪ֪ô
ﲻͬݬBֳһҲݬBڣټϱʱһǰʧ磬Żŵӽ欽˹

𣿡ݬBһЦܻصͷ׻˵ĶͷСһĶգղοѾ߿ɲô˵ġ
ԼοڵóӶҪˣоֻдĴá
ݬBԼ˷ݣٲԼҲûѿڱЩ᯴Ҫ˵ģң

ʱڿݬB欺εʱըĻƹˤݬBǰװȣŲЦҽ̵ΣѵЩ⣿

ݬBС
벻⣬ɵú̧ͷһۡ
ʱлݬBŮݣȴڿһxǣ΢΢ס
ʱЦ⣿

һǰûôУΪҳ谮˭ΪЦڶҵǶҵ£޹أҸʮΪС¾Ͷҷ᯹Ŵ³ȥҽֻ˿̫˵ЦԼպ󲻺ס


ʱСõ󣬴û˸Ҷ˲棬ͱˣ˲ͱµ˵Ǻ죬ðβҧгݵݽֻŻң

ݬBĵĵ˵ͷҲϣ᯹պҪֻŻҵˡ
ûж˵Ļ˵ֱ꣬뿪
ڼʱɫ࣬оһ˵ʹ졣

ʱ䵽ӵãڻ̵뿪ʹЦ
֮ǰû뵽Ǹƽʱºͣ¶صݴӣὫ˵ôֱӾʱһͷԡ

Ҳû뵽ݬBˡ

Ժ££һỤġطԷ·ϣ˺Ȼڡ
ΪȻǹӲڵʱأ
ͷȻûЦȴźε᣺ʶæţҺܸܿϻµġ
Ǽ硭
̧ۣĿˡ
һ칫ӱٱ߹أʶǲأ
欶ʶֹ˵ȥ
ԶߣҪθϻңȵϻʱѾίǣ徣ָôأ

֮⧲ݬB͵һģЩСˤ˳ȥںߵϼСˣæǰס

ݬB˽ԭأؽڻУð춼û





22.   22    ؾ뿪ǡ

ڶʮ

ӣҪ欹Լߩ
Ȱһ룬ݬBǱˣԱ欻صԷ

ص޼䣬ݬB֮ʼղһؿǽߣǼƽȴʼ޷ƽϢ
һֱΰڻã˿ûз˫ʧ˽ࡣ
ҵ

ݬB⼸յıʵڹڹ죬ͻȻ˵ҪȢȴΪһ跴Ӧô
һһĻĻ
𽥼ӿ죬⾪ɲԼ֪ʲôȴʶؾܾϡ

ĬĬһõĻҪƣ΢ƵɤѴͷ£Ҹơ

ʲô
һӻûӦѾ޹ǵ˽˻Уĵؽ˱ס˿ûע⵽ǵʹɬûڡ
ݬBܵȸԾЦշ
ΪͻȻı⣿

˴۾׵ĺڡ
˵Ķԣ֮ǰ˼ǲܣҲʱʱ̶ܻ̿㣬ڸУȥס
߸Ҳܲ
ЩֻΣջͼʱŻ֣˵ʱͬ裬ȷ

Ǹӣᷳλָʹ˶æһЩС

欲ŵЦ̧ͷ˵ȴһס˫ۣ΢΢׵ͬʱıǼģϤ¶ȡ
걻Ậס|£ÿһޱȵӡ
ۣ˳١
£еѪҺ·𶼱ȼһ㣬欵ۿĪȴܿģȥ

Ҫκͬ顢벹ûǷʲô߾ͺá

к䣬欸оԼŵ齣ʶƫͷȴüβٵǴһ·Ѷ¡
ڻûش¡
͵ػعֽŲȵȡ
ݬB͵˫۳࣬ͷôˣ
ɫ峺Ϊᣬûκһ˿͡
򴽣˷ܣ˫۾Ŀӣʵ̫ˣھͳźòã

СЦƣһů㣬罾սĵףʹ·˲䱻һɨա

ݬB΢򣬿ɫ˼ȴЦ̧ᵯĶͷܳžôģȥģ
ȫ硣
Ȼģϲ̵Цȥĵط̫ô죿
ЦǾͶȥ

СЩŵĿļˣȴԥʲôҧ촽Сؿ
ݬBϲˣüͷ΢ôˣ
Ӳְջȥɣ
ݬB˵
ʶҧ촽촽ҧ÷׾ҪѪȴ֪

ݬB죬ʣ欶뿪Ҷ԰ɣ
΢΢һܿطӦɻʣΪҪ뿪ӣҪˣ˵ҪȢң欿ļˣ֪ԼǼĸӣΪʲôҪ뿪㣿

ݬB
欱Щ飬ͷСԹ֮ǰ˵ð欳ʱ欵ȷеѹʱ欸ίԺҲȥˣÿ컹ֻĵĴڷԷʱȷе㡣
ǣ̧ͷ˽˻Ув˲䣬ڲе¹ӹָı⡭

δ䣬Ѿֽס

ͷЦĶ䣬һ˿̬ĳһţõᡣ
ֻҪ˵ģҶš

˻ѣ׼ʱŷֹڵЩѹ֡
һ磬̫ҽȥĶ延Ժ
ӣճ延ԺѾ˺üƢҪȥƣʡ
ĸôˣ
⼸վ延Ժ˵ãǰȥˣȫ̫ҽԺ˲εţû뵽վġһ꣬ǳ裬һû뵽̫ҽҲ죬㲲ѡ

ݬB΢΢ףأ
شӣѾ˽úðᡣ
ݬBɫ֪ˣɱˣ
΢Ӳȥ𣿡
ݬB΢΢һЦϲ֮飬ĸΪע棬ǲ˼ʧ̬ģԻᵽ延Ժοĸס
ǣū澶ˣѱãʱܳš

ûˣЩ㱣ֱݬBӹϵñΪϣ͵ػع
ӣȵġ
ݬBЦ£ֹ̧ιСɵıǼ⣺ԣ£б裬ȵġ
ֵôϣ
ľݬBĶռʵ̫

һ죬ݬBȷȥطֹˣС
欺ܿģͷϵᡴ⣬˺ֻصݬBδȥ߹ʱ
ѾкܾûôʹĿĹ

ǺһֱۣҹݬBֻڻУĥʲôˣǵСʵģϸɤӶȴûҪ

գڼ款Ȼõƣоϲ˿
ղŸ˵˹Ҳû취ҺãüЦǰ
ǰ欹̧̧°ͣЦŸ˵ݬBֹƣȥ˺öط档
˺һ欲£ջû˵£Σ
Цݵ꣬죬Ȼƫͷҿ欣ƭġ

һ£ѾݬBͼ
˵֯һסһӣĸԸߡ
ݬBֹǹӣģüã欸ǧᡢٰ۰˱ͺѾܾ˵欱ϲò¶뿪ôҸʵ顣
һգ˽һΣ뿪ݬBٸ˵¡

欵Ц£ȻͲµˣ⣬ĵԲӿһ˵ʧ

ģҪòŻ᲻Уֻһ£ȫκӰ졣˵ˣֻҪٵȰ¾ܴ뾩
ڵĻƯСЦݡ

ݬBʶĺϲţֲֻ֮ÿ壬ͻСţʱĴܣʱԲǣĶкóԺȥġ
ر֣¶

գۼţһãھ͸˵һ׼
ֹˣڴС˵ӸողϢ˵ּ⣬ݬBվ͵óѲӪһг߰ܲ
ʱߣòؾ뿪ǣʱݬB飬ӵһ·ڻҲҲ





23.   23    欹ﲻˣ

ڶʮ

ûƭݬBһͷԸװ
һ뾩
Ѿԡϣֻһ£ʱ½󳨣¶Ư|Ǽ˶ʵţ⾫ݣƯš
޺ϵСȥʱʼտƣİѹǿҶ޵ռ

欱ۣˮߴ̲סݬBǸòȻĵͽӣˣʵȴ˭
˵ˣݬBһܲ
ʮ˶ԼĶռƿжǿ϶ֻǰÿһγԶǰýݺһſϰݡ

ôͻȻҪ뾩Ҫ뾩ãʧ䡣
δ䣬˵ϢѾѹʶƫͷ㿪䵽ײ˿˿⡣

ݬBЦΪڲģСƢֳһڡ
վֱָظĶ棬ӸµĴ
ҪȥѲӪպء

գô˵Ĳ̫һҲ뾩ˣʲô¡
Ÿô룬ͺظպһһȵɽڡ
ѵѹ·̣Ϊ˸ϻɽڣ
ǰݬB̫æɽԼֻмʧ̫ԣݬBŻصؽճ

Ŷԭӻǵպɽڡһ欻Ϊˡ
ôᡣСᱧ𣬡֮ǰѾ˵Ҫ㡣
Ķţװɵ˽У欵ȹӻʱӶҪҵֿϷ
ɽڲֵֹᣬϵǰַݳϷţ֯Ůȵᡣ
ǰݬB˵Ҫȥû뵽ͻȻҪѲӪ

ݬBֻСĿԼģޱΡ
ɰ
ӿһҸ
ãһǰġ
ݬBͷ˱齡

-

գݬBһװ

欱һֱɫ΢ڵۣˣԾ˯ʱ;ѹʱʵ۵˫Ȳվס԰ϵѬ¯
ôˣ
ͷŶ롣
ݬBռǿ欵ӾѾҲƲã뿪ǰѾѡ
룬齱ߣجΡҸ£Ҫȶһˡ
ﲻϢһ
վͺҹĶС˺üˮ뾩ǰرԸûǰ˶

ҡͷμӳѲӪ·ϳ£вȥȶΪŰģ˱Ρ
ҪڸΪ˱ݬBɻǨŭϣ뾩һգԲܺ棬ȥãֻԼ˳ڶĴȶ¡
һ˴ȶ£а취뿪

̲׼ź欸ϴ

븮ǰ轫õı˹
ȡ
欿һҩĿ΢䣬һһ뵽վ뾩ٲطñֺ

Ȼһ̤Է欵ľ̳
û뵽ݬBֱʶ
ĪҪ⣬Ҳǵʱʲô⣬Żڲࡣ
΢΢ףЦŴˡ
΢΢ذڻе

䱻һҹݬB뿪֮ǿѧѰһأ˳͵˳
ҺݬBû

-

ȶ±Ϊʢķ£ٽɽڣеĽָˣ˵ɽ˺ˮйͨ

ʶҲû뵽ȶ˻ô࣬ɵɫ΢ԸҴ񣬰˿ãĪùκ⡣

ݬBռǿͷ¶棬ñ಻⣬ѩñϥϵĴζڱΣȫ޷ò

ȶ˳ڶ࣬Ҳвٴѩñ߸ڶѾӵĸŹŮʶ欼󣬵һã𽥱ӿ˳

ʵ̫࣬ʶû취ֵֻǽߵѾߣûñȻҪ欺ࡣ

û뵽ô˸欣ǳ⣬ֹʶǰ˸欵ѾǣҲӵ˳У˸ˣ

ﲻˣǵô˵ģڹߣܰѹ￴ʶһ˵欲̲ס

ʶûпݬBΪʧأܻöһСͨжأѾ֪ҪûСͨѰؾûˣҪ衣

Ҳίߵȷԣɴȶµʵ̫࣬ߵһʱǰٶ඼øõǱΪС˲Ƽһѣ̤¹ʡ
Ĳ֪Ϊλһգۣƾʧˡ
ҲҪޣŴˣﶪˣҪô죿

ʶ˫ͨ죬ҧгݣô죿ϽͷȥңҪѰؾҲ
ʱ䱦˷ϣ˼䣬˶ȥ次

ڴȶ£ǻʳǻ欱°Ļʼ͡
ʶһʼֻΪǱ˳ɢֱʱȥɫȶµ˳ҲɢˣǲӰ͵ʶ󽫾ļϵСͨܿˡ

ΪʲôҪӣ

󽫾ôãһ˵ҪΪԱÿʹĴɽˮûܹκί˵ǣﲻ
ʶûݬBĸôãôģôСƾʲôӣ
ԽԽݬBòֵöҪ³Ѫ

Ͻ֪ͨ󽫾˵欹ﲻˣ





24.  ѧ׷   һ

ѧ׷/

ڶʮ

ʶĳֲ֮, 欵ȶǰޱȽţټӲδϸ߹Ҫδ뿪, һʼҲûס

ԭһ˦̣û뵽˽ý, ѰᣬֱͻȻݵ˳Ƽһ˲, ͵رקס

קסǸˣݿİȴϵ˫˵ī
۾ɴ
ӡ
һ˲, קлסûκؾͱѸٴȺ

û뵽ӻ뿪, ԭΪνġźһСǷԸ˴ߡ

ҹݬB̫˫ʵ, ·ͳ, Ӵ˳ߣԲ
ӼŮһһ˲˴ᱧ
˶еϢ, 款̧ͷ

ñӿ飬ȴҲµ߰˷֣ǰһֹҪ˵ʶܿͻᷢ㲻, ̫ϣҪǱϳ鷳ˡ

欵˵ͷȴ̲ס룬ݬB࣬ȺкȺ۵úܣ񻹴ѵͲ±ϳ

ٴȶ£ǻʳǻͻǰ̲飬Ҫ뿪ʱȻҲ
վס㣬ʲô֣ʲôˣ
欴ñŲףȻǴ˼ҵһ˱ţ˭
塣
΢΢һ
Ӵ΢ЦôϵҵܸҸ˹Ĵ

ΪĴӣǾĿ֮һȴҲǾǳķ˵ӡ
Գ壬Щɵضò

òΪڣiü۵ȷмơ

ӲͷС¡ֵ塣
壬һ飬¶ӵ˵粻Ĳ˲亹乣æ˿
С۲ʶ̩ɽ¶ӵ¡

˵ĶԻһ˫ǲŵصɵϴ
ӾȻҼðĶӣ
ֱµʣ᯴˽¶ӵ֣ûϵ𣿡
Ӿ棺޷֪
欴㵣ԽԻ

ӲΪ⣬˵£뾩֮ͻҰźõǶǿɿ֮ˡŴǽϣݣݬBһȥˣùٻȥݡ
欵ͷ
ʣõˣ
õˣǩ
׼õļݬBܿͻ֪뾩֮ȥ򡣡
΢΢һͷãл᯴ˡ

֪Ϊ֮ǰӺݬBԸرȴһƸС
ӺݬBһ˼ȫµˮ©֮ˡ

˲죬ںܿĬ
뿪ڣӰԼ仰ڣȴһڣС֪֪⣬ûйڼ˵ļ䣿ϸһ롣

ڼ˵ļ䣿ôͻȻ£
£˵Уǳģ
޷ǵʲô˵ʲô

ǵʲô
ԼǵãǰҲǶ۳裬磬㡣
ϱΪΪ̫ຢӣźĽ
һúί͸ǣŻȫûҪˡ

ī˺ðΣʣ𣿡
ҡͷ
Ȼϵ壬ݵǰ壿
ղøһ飬ϵϵӵܲӵе塣
ۣ壬Ȼͷͬʱȴ̧˲Ҳ˲Ķ

ڹ۲ķӦ͸˭

Ϻõĺ֬ʼΪϸ󣬵Ʒһʮֹء
ôܻ
ûСҡͷһЦŴȤУҲ类ˡ
ټ򵥲һЦȴ³ޣȷʵ

ݸ
λ᯴ƺԼеĲ̫һ׽ʵȻС
뵽ǰӺ˷һ飬ϧ˶Ķˣʵ벻Ҫαеĸм˼Ƭ̣λﲻһ᯴ˡ
԰⣬øֱԣڳٶ۵ĸԣһҲ⡣

΢Ƥ۵еת꣬δء
欲⡣
ջ壬ͷϵ䣬Ͷ޴͸ŻȻɵϢ
㶼ó£βװɵԸưˣ⣬Ҳ

ƫͷ΢΢Ц
νĴѹϱӵȵҪʱϡ
ڲڣƭ˵ģ˵Ư
ϱλ᯴˵֪ʱɼúܣǸգֶξڱ˹顣

欵㵽Ϊֹٶ˵
뾩ʱ׼õļȻһ˳
ӽͳҪ³ǰ欽ס
ţ˻ͷ

᯴˰ת氢ڣҪ̫ǣңҲ᯴ˡﻰȫأխУ
뵽Լܿһ𣬴Ҳûټѣۿһȣͷɬ
˿գգۣҪɢȥѹʣҺúչ˰ڡ

ǲСİˣĬΣá
èۼҪȴһ٣ֻ׿ɫ΢ѹټ

ͷ΢죬Ӱ涣ĵӳ£䵭ü˲Ͳ٣Į糱ˮѸȥ

һ˲ݸһЦҪͷӯЦͫȻɴ󣬾ѿڶСģ

-

ݬB˴ѲӪֻһˣ۲ֹ߻½ƽͬС

½ƽԭݬBİݰֵܣ񱳺ֶ¼һ߲٣ͷֱҪǹ̫ӣۻٹٵ棬ָݬBѲӪƫȻ׼

ѲӪڼ䣬µȻҵսսңΨݬB˼㱣½ƽ̸֮ʱһûһĻŻ

ԭǵӪصʱ䣬÷ʱһգȴݬBֿ·Ӳǽ·ѹֻʣ졣

½ƽ֪Եɣ⣬Ǩŭ֣û뵽ݬBӪ֮
ݬB˽½ƽټģ
ɫȫڣѲҲһ䣬صӪڣ½ƽڿڣôˣ£

ݬB֪ʧ̬ݹ񣺡ǣ𷣡

½ƽʧЦʲôڱ߹صǼ꣬սϣΪҰҵ˵㻤ҲΪ֮˵ǱֵܻҪף˵Щ׻

ݬB΢΢Ц£Ҫ˵ʲôӪȴͨ߻ӡݴ󽫾ӪһԳʶţŽмݴ󽫾

½ƽü΢ݬBЦ⾡ʧɫ΢
Ҫһرܣ
ݬBҡͷ
½ƽûرܣԭΪʲô£û뵽һڣͶһöס

欹ﲻˡ

ݬB׼侲ȵһһ˿ҡ
˫Ѹٵذȥӯŭ
޷ѹֵرͷ˲ͽƽʱαװոɾ

ĵ£վǷˡ

½ƽü˵һ㡣
ŽȥԽԥ£С˵Ŵ˵˵欹ܿǡˡ

ˡ
СѾͷȻˣ
½ƽͫ˵ʲô۵糸䣬ݬB磬ǰߵˣһŲϡ
ݬBɺ죬ɫÿ£ƽʱˣ͸һӵ壬ͳɤᩤ
ǶǷô˻סһС

½ƽȻ

ŽȻҲû뵽Ķţǫ崺ݴ󽫾ˣ˺ðΣŴѾڳĴѰʼա

ݬBϰ֮ˣֱѰ˻Ҫ󣬸ղһȥѱߵŻһѪ˵󲻸˵ٽŭС

ݬBٿؽ߿ŤͷҪʣˣ
½ƽعæȣ˭Ҳ
𣿣
½ƽǰؽݬBקһԣŤͷڵϵŽ㣬ȥӪ⣬κ˿Ӫʡ
ŽǱæ¡

£ҵûؾݬBӿ½ƽ֡

½ƽ㱻ЦʲôڻؾǿּҪͷģֻҪ벻˾㼱ʲôȥҾ˰һң϶ҵé

ݬB

ʲô
½ƽɫ䣬Ŀ⸴ӵĿ
㽫ˣ
֪ġ
仰Ѱ˿ʲô½ƽ˵ϢȴһС

ʵ̫˽ݬB

½ƽĿ࣬ò״лعһ˵ģҼǵǰ߹ң̽ģΪʲôҪ̽

½ƽ޷ţò᣺ˣ

ݬBȻЦ
ǰͷˣǰΪͶʱͷˡ

ͫһƬڰ΢΢ɢӹɢһ޷˵ʧ䣬Ƕʲô

½ƽˣһʱ䣬

Ҳ֮ΣΪҪ̽һ㣬侲һ㣡һСѾߡһŮˣ㲻ҪˣǶдҪҽ֮ʱ˵ʲô˵պ۷£ԣһжҪԴΪأ

˭֪ݬBĵһȰ֮󣬾΢΢Ц
˸ɾü۾ãĿȴ˵ı

½ƽһ˲ëȻ֪Ȱ

ݬBǵãһҲƵĻȰ½ƽ
ʱ屻̫ʹǿռףȼ붫½ƽüζһѵ嵽̫ǰ֮ͬھδζ¡

ʱҲȰ½ƽ£ҪԴΪء
ûˣҲȰҪԴΪء

-

ף˴뾩Ϊ欣ؾǰشҿé
߹ظ漱ʵۼ٣ߵĴ̫ͺڴ·ͻȻ̲ݻи֮ΨԼѪͬѪˡ
֪ˣҷģ˵С
ǵãʱôŵġ
Ψһţи֮ˡ

Ҳû뵽֪ҪףȻ뾩ʱɵ£ܸԴΪء

᯼ҵ㲻Ҳýᣬֻһţĸ׵û˵ã̸صʮأѵҪΪһŮȫͣݬB侲һ㣡

̵ıݱԺ󣬸ô죿
𣿱֮أʣʲô

û֪ΪҪǸСؤ

-

һҪģ߾ܣ취ˣҲ׼ҪݼҵһУΪʲôҪӣ
˵ٸһʱ
˵ҪһɽڣֿϷ
ΪʲôҪƭ
Ϊʲô

ݬBۣ˫ֽճȭֱ¶ۿɼٶȽ

һ뵽ԼܿٴʧȥѪҺ·ڵһ˵Ŀ־ϮȫﵽⶼǱ䣬׹ѡ

ν侲δʹ
ɬȻɤѹټʹһ㡣

˵˵ȥҪߡ
½ƽԼû취ٺͨȥˣһһԵ嵶Ҳڷʲô裬Ҫǰɣȴʬϲȹ˵

ԭΪݬBӣٻԥû뵽ݬBȻɵѣһҪֵģ

ܳ
½ƽ˲侲ɿؽĵһԣֹ̧
ɴ򲻹ݬBǷ״̬µġ
Ҳ֪ǸСͨߣȴʲôû϶һ֣侲㡣
УҲģʱؾһ뾩شҺδѰ


֪ҪӣҪӾⲻ鷳
½ƽֱ챻˵ʲôݬBѾͷҲص߳Ӫʡ

վס
ݬBȥѾ½ƽۼסˣҲ᲻Լֱ֣ӵһᣬȥ

½ƽ룬ԼݬBˣлؾɣҲֻҪ˵дʱСˣҲҪݬBܱݬBּӪɵĺá

۶ƫ̫Ӵ֮λܵв֪˶˶ݬB׼δվȽŸжұۣжҲУݬBһߣǸ̫һݴ

Բܣ

-

½ƽŵݬBȥʱѾֵ׼û뵽СӸûлֱֱ֣ײԼϡ

ݬB֣˵һĺãܶ㲻½ƽ¾ͷӦµյȴ

ĵˢشݬB߼ͷɺ콦ϣѪ죬Ŀġ

ķˣ½ƽƢٺãˣҲ̲ס˴ֿڡ
֪ݬBǹģܿСͨʱҪôˣԷŲװһҪֵģ

ݬBĮȻ̧·½ƽֲأ͵׽סϵĵٳԼͷݺһͱ
Ѫ罦˕i׵ϣĵñ㵹Ӿ续ǳ
˵һ˲Ťһ˲ȴǸоʹһ㣬΢΢Цؾ

ܳ
½ƽͫһŵæӵĵŤͷ𣺡ҽأˣϽҰѾҽ

֪ݬBǸСͨһ㣬ȴ֪Ѱ˿ôأصܲҪòᡣ
СͨǸݬBǲǣ

عͷ½ƽ͵صһݬBͼεƣ̲סһ˦ϡ
˱ƫͷȥѪ

½ƽ߬½ҧгݣŭˣˣʿɶֹؾҼ취ŪؾǱ㶨

ݬB̧ۣǰÿһεһ㣬΢΢һЦл¡
ƯüۼΪᣬЦ硣
Ҫû|һѵѪ½ƽҪΪԼʱʵݬBڲ¥Ȳˡ

ٰԼŪﲻˣǸСͨҲ侲㣡
ݬBЦ½ѿҲӡ

ոշʱɲģ
½ƽֱûƢˣ죬ƿڴȴһҲ
ʶôãôûʵǸأȻΪ˸Ů˰ԼŪ⸱ԡ
ǳ㣡
л¿佱
ܳ㲻ǿ㣡

-

ݬB˺أҽڴʱؾ½ƽԭԼؾû뵽ݬBһƥ̫أٶȣԼ

½ƽҪˣԼһӵڽա

һ·ϣ˲֪½ƽֻ֪ݬB˿ѿҪûڳŹ֮ǰϻؾӽҪڻĽҰ⡣

˸һ̽˳ǡ
½ƽݬBҪֱӻعǰ£˽ȥҸۡ
ݬB΢΢Ц⣬һ

½ƽһֱ֪ݬB˵ı£ǲ֪ȻҲбôһ졣

ҵģ˻ȥԹٲ㣬ǸĸҲҪԵҸǰ˵һ죬³ѹأŪСѾͷǷ뾩ٴӳ顣

ѹأд˼ϨߣΨֽ֮صƻͨȡ
ݬBϴˣΪעĿ磬ֻҹ΢ӹʱżһŨѪζ
½ƽ͸΢¹⣬ϡɼݬBεδѪ

֪ʱݬBûʲôҪҪֱӰ°ظۡݬBɿڣá

ݬB˿ڰ֮½ƽ븮ˣý۽һС
ʶҲ½ƽ뿪ûã͸˹
ϹģֹʶбݬBߵ
˲ˡ
ݬBʣȻ֪

欶Ѿˣھǣһκĵ

ݬBһ·ѺľǰһǾǸʲôԵҲ޷
бڰβϣ΢ɫ䣬ĽëʧѪ࣬Եø԰ס
˭

ݬBʵԼ࣬ȴ˫˫شةฮӣ塣

塣
ݬB΢ֳ֮⡣
һ뵽˵ӿֺɱ⡣

Ǳߵİ˵ģ
ҡͷ¶ûаǽ֡
ݬBƤҪЦЦǣһǻˣ
صͷ

˱գȻ嶼֪
Цȴ¡ĺˮĵ⡣

ݬBҲޣʱʰǳϵ类亹ʪ¶书˿ɻкر֮

ûˡ
ݬBؿȳһѪ
ʶ̲סǰȴ絶ס

˳欹뿪ķ׷Ѱźܿͻ欹䡣ʶҶֻ˵

ݬBıۣ˵
֮󣬷һУȫϸϸ˵
ʱѲָЩˣֻܿԼ

ʶϸŵ渵˵ٴȶ£ݬBشϡ

ǡ

谮ŮСͱޱȽĹ͢ϯϯԵ޹ʾ͵ɽ˺Ĵȶ¡
˭ôб£߶

βϵüͷ΢˫գѪɫıһֱߣþ˯ˡ
ˣǰɲаи

ʱչ½ƽӹʱľ⸱ľݬBϣߣ˹ֱͦ

½ƽǰ̽̽ݬB޷գƳ˯ȴȻƤ»ˡ


½ƽ쵽һֶ£źۼ˻ȥ
ѯʵ֮½ƽܿͷݬBä㡣

֮ǰ˵СѾͷƵֺõһ˴ѵذģҲֻӰõΪҪ壿

ΪָʹݶԲ£ԾӶ||ˣӱ˳գ׾ͱƫ

½ƽûݬB
ǸսʶƵоֹ壬оŷɥĴ󽫾Ȼ򵥲Сı͸

ݬB΢ۣüۼƣ֮⣬̵ʹࣺл㡣

½ƽ˵
֪ǹҡ
Ǹ欵СͨˣǸΪ侲ѷҡ

-

ա

õĻƸմ򿪴ţ׼ӭͣͼſվ˸ˡ
һϮ׽ۣݲףʷǷƼϲѪıɫ԰׵ܿͽӭ˽ȥ

ڻûδƽҹﲻá
ʱݬBѾ˴Ĳˮ
Ӱûϳˣֱߵߡ

û뵽ݬB⣬ŵðȾܡ
ݬBǳѲӪˣôֻˣѵҲץˣ

ݡݴ󽫾ôˣô˵ôأЦǿ
ѲӪ·ϣСˣ̫ҽ˵һãӴһƣ˲źõÿ졣

ݬBЦһᣬºͣ崺磬ɲ֪ǲԼĹϵȻֱĶ߶ϵĸоǺëЩ

ֲɣݽῪЦ

ڸЦѻųһţĴһƣ˿ȥ᯸ʸȴھްƣֻݬBÿ¡

ݬB˹ߵǰһĹϡ

һĲӺɿһԵ㣬ܿصķ𶶣µȥ
ݽҪʲô컯գ

ݬBĵЦһӴΪô£ʲô

һʱ֪λشܲ˵֪ˣҪɱйްɣ

ݬBƺ뷨ЦŨ˼֣Ӵģ欶ѣҲʲôֻ㣬欶ȥˣ

ȻѣҲ˵
ݬBҲʣ΢΢ףˣֻӴʱͣʧˡ
ڼУȾܣң֪ģ
δ䣬ѵأ˹ȥ

˰վԭأֶɣѻĳ¸ŨŨɫ૵Ҳá

-

ݬBûлعס½ƽĸۡ
һпվͻᵽãʧûãǰݷ½ƽ
½ƽҹæ˯ʱŸţһãŤͷ޺µͷƷݬB

㶯ڣ
ݬBЦЦû˵
˵½ƽҲ֪𰸣ϵı磬ȴû˽޹
½ƽɫԽѿ˳Ӷûô

ݬBǳЦҶҵˣȻҲҶˡ
½ƽ⣬ӣҲ򲻹

ݬB˿ۣάֲסƽʱ𵶵ˣҲһů͸߲ϣһӰ˿顣

ңڣңһҲҵˡ
һ





25.  ѧ׷   ȥˣ

ڶʮ

˾ͦ, һϮɫϵɫǴ崺, ĵƸᣬȻ
ʱ, ŭΣ}ѹ
ݬBȴȻб޺, һۣۼ¡

½ƽǰ, ˼˼֣һſӣԪǼ߻ӡ
½ƽԳ, ɫ΢䣺֪ԪǽǰΪ
ӳţֱߵݬBǰ͸żǿѹֵŭ⣺ҵأ

ݬB, ĵЦ᯴˵, ĳ֪
ίߣҶһëһӶҲǸСͨ

ݬBԣƤӡ
һ㲣ݲ԰, ӲƽʱЦ΢΢βż⣬Цѵ

Ŷָʹ˴ԣĳ¡
΢, һӹ˹Цֻ᯴һĳִĸεζһӶҲˡ

ܳ
½ƽݬBֱ׵ƣЩȥס졣
ӣ

ٿǰһִ崺ɭȻɱ⡣
ݬBЦңҲڡ
ⱲӻûвһӣӸµݬBڵġ

ݬB˵ʲôҲ붮ֻ΢΢Цţҵ˲ˣ
ӲҲʯ١
ݬBЦ䡣
ʹζѳ£µˣӡ

ŵָڷࡣ

յ֪ݬBΪ˻ؾϧԼŪˣӾ֪˲׷欣ֹ᲻ϧһдֶۡεҵ
ݬBȻҶڣȻ׼˲κˣҲĵطֻŻ

Ӳ£˳ᢶֲҪķӲſ¡
Ӳ

ţ϶կ}ֹ죬ѹȸУѹֵϢ
½ƽ֮꣬һԵͷƷ衣

ɿڣҼڡ
ȷݬB¡
ݬBЦӣֻȼ欣ܼˣ˭Ҳˡ

ڸӣûּۻ۵ء

Ӵһ֣͵ֱ߬ĴС
İѹƵƵԽɭ

ݬBӿҪ޷ѹֵŭ̬ϣ΢һ£᯴ǾñһĳҲУȪ·Ӵ顭
̧ۿӣЦãĳһҲ

½ƽѾݬBԣǷƽ̬ݬBӵĶԻпݬBⷽ棬ʵ츳ֹб£еʵڹˡ
е˺޵Ĵ󻵵

ΪңӲ͸¶欵ټҪ»ûδǰݬBκνӴ

ݬBЦΪβң
ݼΣ޹أұʹһһ뾩ڶ£Ǻܿͻס
£ñĳϱˣʹΪĸñ˳御

ҪףīһĨȻ
ֹӾȣ½ƽ͵̧ͷ

᯴£ˡĳʧˡ
֮£֪
ݬBۣǳɫĴţۼˣɫ԰ףģ

ûߣߵ½ƽ
ѾȥѰڣǰѰҲ١

-

Ӱ׼ۿȻΪͨͷȴʮʡ

ֹˣӰŵˣּõĻһλ൱Ѿ߸ߣѾ£Ҳ书Ȼرѡġ

欷ǳ⣬Щ֣ǿڵϣЩҲƺ̫ˡ

뾩ʱݬBߵ˺ȻӶ֣Ҫ欶ԼǳԶɽˮˡ

뾩ʱЩݬBܿͻ׷ֱһҹۼ뾩ԽԽԶҲκε׷𽥰

ҹ׷óҹ·һûϢ۵òУֱԽ޷ҹ·֮ǵҸջЪϢǵģҿԸ֣·

˵صذŵѾ¡

²书΢΢ɴۣ㻹
Ц£ҲֹշˣŮҲԶֹЩĿɶˡ
΢ЩȷʣݣѾ߶԰ɣ

΢΢ԴЦеģʣ˵Ҳֹܶ࣬Ů죬黭ͨôҲ˵ݣʵѾ߶԰ɣ
ü΢΢һ̾ͷ˼ҵѾʲôѧס

欱ı鶺Ц̲סЦҡͷظ·ˣ͵ջϢɡ
ǡ

-

ݬB޺Сʱһۣӻڣֹڣվ޺ǰ֮ɫ̲סЦ᯴ôûߣ

ӵ׷ټȻӳ׷˳⣬ȻҲסû취ȵ
ݬBܺãǳã׼ļͳݬB֮֮ͬ
׼ЩļҪʱ䣬½ƽΪӣǵΪ۰ǸֻҪƣʱ뾩
ӵû뵽½ƽȻݬB˺Ϊ

ȥˣͷǹɲԽԽҡ

ݬBޱĿ۵һ⣬ʣӣִĸεζΣܰɣܵĻͿңҵˣģشҲ֪ڻᱻȥġ

һ崺xǼѵݬBųѹɱͱ壺޳ܣ
ݬBü΢ЦЦл᯴˿佱

½ƽһݾͿŵһݬBӺݺĨ£˵ĶԻضסŲĬĵͷҲתȥ
ҪǴȰסֻаķݣ۲Ϊ

ҿԴȥ欣Ҷһë㩤
ݬBĵı𽥱ϻ˵ÿԽҼ欣Խ׷ڡ

ݣɫҪγˮȴٳûж֡
Σһջصת뿪

½ƽ뿪ƵݬBǰ
ʵˣ
ݬB˸ߴСС޺ϴ죬ʵô̹òǣֱӴȥ
½ƽɴۣˣ
ָָݬBű磺㻹ҪˣˣԺҪôս

ݬBεؿźѣҪһ屻°ˣֻȥȣԼȥȣ
½ƽޡһ㲻Ҫ
ݬB
½ƽɫѿȻԼȥĺҲҪ취Ȼ
ݬBͷȻҲǡ

½ƽ뵽һ̫ӱ֮½ƽȻ˻˵ٻزȥ̲סʣ֮ǰɰ壬û

½ƽ̫ôȻΪİȫ룬˽ɰоڰмӣҪ֪ˣ϶ġ
ϣģҲ֮κᡣ

ݬB˵֪ûɣƬ̣˸ţҪ˶̫ӣҪлӽ塣ΪةŮ¹ֶŮĸ˿ѷڻʺĸҺϣʵ̫ѡ϶㼫Ϊƫ̫ӾȢΪޡ

½ƽΪȻһҪβããѲɻӲ

ݬBɫص˵ͷԣֻҪǿռ壬ףֻܹԹԼ붫
ң½ƽҪըǣΪνһֱ壿
ݬBһֻ̾ǽܷ·ҵȰȵ̫־ˡ

½ƽĬƬ̣Э

УܿͱÿݬB磬ȴһ䣬˿ϴˡ
½ƽݬBǰֻٴӡ

᯴ˣˡݬB΢Цףº͡
Ϧ£ϼƻ𣬴ʱԡУϴЦ⣬˵

¹ޣñһнȲ۶ȥ
½ƽͷһˣ㵣ͼݬBϣ׷ں

-

׼Ȼʣռ䵽ԱƣСʱݬBؼǴΣ欼ûôʱϹȻƣˡ

һջԡϣֺ֮һ죬ͳŲ̫סһ齾ͳ硣
ʰԼҲڴѰ˸λ˯¡
欲ϰ۳Ͷ٣Ȼ˯óȴʼû˯̫

ʱչҹ˾ͷȴȻһһʼձ־˲ѹ
ԭΪȸѹ׷û뵽ƴһһ۱ӸߴͦεӰ
ֹһ󻹸»ṫӣһϵѣģţһ˺ͷһݷǷ

ԥ£̽欽ѡ

Ļ֪̾ӵ˾ݬB½ƽ
ôǹ
˻ųһţ׽סµ֣µô죿ܴܲ뿪Ҳȥ

С챾û˯ãͰԲ԰ףʱۿһȦģͬΪŮӵ¿˶òᡣ

ҡͷ书ԶԶȲ᯴ˣʵݽ߻ӣǸʤ㡣

СĻ˲ڵأ۶ᣬȴҧ촽ûκοһҲ֪Լıжô

䲻̣ȴҲĪûг֣϶ƴ欣ͻΧӶˣܺ֡
⵽ô£

¸ƿţ¥ʸͼſѾվһˡ
ɣºţЦᣬȴһֵС
㡭¸տڣִѽƳ⣬ݷ˵شš
ע⵽ſڵĶ̧ףӭˣһҵʶܵߣƿ

ϧŴŸտһС죬˱˴Ӻס
ˣȥģ





26.  ѧ׷   ԺǾס١

ڶʮ

, ȥģ
ɤͳ󣬵Цд޿κεĳ磬ʵظ˿ϷŮĺ|||Ρ



ݬBһ̾, ذȥϵ飺欶, ؼˡ
ƴҡͷͣӣ˰欰, 欲ȥ
欲֪ˣʹȫںܿһŨŨѪζ
һ, ʲôԽ, ȴ

ȻߴʼտȻ, ƾ˿ڱ, ѪȾ˫εؽڻС

˴Ӻס΢΢ͷް, ŮĶɤһᣬ˵Ļȴ˲ͣ

欶ȻһȥҲǿֻǿ᯴, һҲҪżڡ

죬ŵĻعͷ
Ѱôˣ
õѣӵˣôܣôң
ݬBЦ᣺ǸҶ㣬ȻҲҶǡ

ĿԣŮﲻֹ¶Ĳ־壬кѱԼ۵ķŭ
۵ˣ޷ѹƵŭͷһһµʧصشŭ𣺡ݬB㲻

⻹ͷһضŭա
ǰСȻҲԼƢ˴ŵŭ

ݬB͵һһ˲䣬׵ĺȿֺӿ
޴룬ۣʹ࣬

￴Щŭֵ뿴ޣһޣƱвͣиһܡ

ƭġ
ҪһУŵͱ֤᲻ȣȴһֻ뿪
Ҫǲһ̵Ľѵһһε

˵޳ܡ¹ޣԣԼΪĿĲֶΣΣû취һʧȥ
ʧȥֻҪܹԹԴԼߣºҲá

Ʋһӿ𽥻ָƽͫʱڰռݣŨīףһ˿¶ȡ

ݬBüסˮʪ򦣬մ۽ޡ
£ûֻͣҪԹԸһȥƽٴγǰ

Ⱦϸ΢ɳƵɤ̺ᡣЦӣպ壺欶ԣһؼҺòã

ݬBʹˣһҹĿ˿ͱղŻֲһеһ֪˶ѪʹܴݲеҲƣѹ̶|

ѪζԽŨ欲΢ȴԾɳ벻Ρ
ȴȥڣȷƽ£Ҿ͸ȥ

ʧѪɫıһ˲Ť֪ĮˣҲܲסĻӻգ۵һ˲䣬ͻȻʧȥʶѹıϡ

欳ܲסȫ͵һģЩһ

½ƽվڿջ⣬ٰĵ̧ͷ£Ĵҿ˲ˤ´˲һ飬ŲԶӵȥˣݬBҪи̣ھҲˡ

ӺԣԿһۣĬһջһǰһ˶¥

ôˣ
ӽݬBβ̲סڡ
ҵģˡ

°ڴߣʲôܿüӵ˷ˣ綼˳˻ӦдֹѪ裬ιһš
䲻ûκԥհ졣
Ѿӿе֪ȥ֪˻ܿжϣֱûҩϻؾ

½ƽ¥ͼӿݬBæøǰӹˣָһ¥
ȴҲôˣӰݬBȥٽ֮󣬾ˣ½ƽµֻȥ

欸ûӣһ͵ͷҿ
Ӻڰô࣬ȴΪƽ»ˣҲûټѡ
̫ԣӺȻڣ¡
ҵĴҡͷ˫۰ͨ죬ȴް⣬ǰᡣ

ӳĬĿðΣ㣬ҺͰԼѡģû˱ǣھʱǾ͸뵽кκЩҲԼóеģ޹أҲ㣬ڻ֮Ҳ㡣

ԭͷλ֮͵̧ۿڶˡ
˫ֱأ𵶵ţһıֻԼʱѯôˡ
ʶԼķӦ̫ΪЦ£ͷС˵ֻͻȻǰҲ˵ƵĻ

꣬ձݬBؾʱ

ʱ֪ݬBڻؾ·ϼһСؤҪԼԺҪˣݬBҲϣ¾ͱò

ٹͲͬݬBΪ˴󶯸λݬBֹ˼ҷ⡣

ؾ·ϣٹȻδɫݬBȴֹѣһ·ůʵϣûҪ³ȥͺͷͬˡ

ʱԣԼؼҵɹӣõˣԵݬBԼˣٹҲκǰΪɡʱ;öԼĴ

ûע⣬͵һѺԼߵɡȥɡ꣬ź˵֪֪˹ӣӻǸϽүϴ˵Ҫ֪֪ˡ
ɡأò̫סҡҡλΡ
ţϻˣȴЦŴɡͷϣ޹أÿ˶ҪΪԼѡھ㱧ĵ£뵽
ҪסԺһҪ׼óеһк

Ȼ˵ĻЩ룬ȴͬ

̧ͷϻԲѵˣЩ׵꣬ôͱˣԼһػһҲŶԡ

ΪڵݬBɫ΢䣺µģûһǰҲ
ЩĲɡ
ӿȻӿһİķ꣺ʵиһݵİ취㳹뿪

ãȻġһ

㲻ǲȥ𣿡
ԣǡ
żɥҡҡͷ˵ʲôȴ᣺㲻ˣѾѰǵٹЩʱվȷǵǲˣ㲻ˣ

欺ԥشЦ׷ʣ᯴Ѱˣģڽ𣿡

Сﱻˮݹ˫ʱ˸ޱ貵Ĺâرظɾ
ʱЦģĺ񣬺񡭡

ӴӲ˵ûյĻʱһ˫εţȴͻȻĸ˵ʵȷҲпϴˡ
ϾֹϴһΡ
ÿһεĴһʹĥòСĽ
ҵ֮ǰ񣬶¶ۡ

ӹһĨЦȴ̣ɲ졣
ѰˣҲƭ㣬һδֻǻܴ󡣡
欲⣬ֻҪ뵽пҵˣ㹻Ҹ

ؾ·ϣСﲻٳüƯСȫЦ񲻾ǰĺһ㣬ֻҪһϣ㹻֡

˵ȻݬB취̵ʱڣݬBѹ
Ѿˣøˡ
ݬBһ¿ģڲԶ޺ϴ齳ȥЬǶӵĻš

ӶѵޣһǰڵӸֱɱ⡣
ҵģ

ݬBһʲôЦһ㣬Ȼ͵Цָָ̧֣ϵСᣬ᣺ҹȥұҵ欶̸㡣
񣬾ڿı

ӡ
Ц˿
ͳںúñ֮Ҳûᱧˡ
ľ֪֪Ժ˵Ҫټһ涼ѡ

ݬBֻ欣˿ûע⵽ӱ

˯һ룬ͻȻУ˲ŵѹһۣײ˫Ц˫
ӦһԵѾڣģ
ݬBεؽСﰴڻУͷҲصⰡ

ΪݬBʶҪεˣݬBͷЦһۣӴȻ᯴˵ļӣңӴеƫԺţԺúȺ˯ã֤һëҲû

ͽڲ߻ӸУš
΢ʶԼмˣ۵ŨŨİգͷҲصĳ˳ȥ

ڻЦ䣬ĵӣؽαڻٲֵļơ
ݬBЦõĶ䣬ɤдżɲҸ죺ǣ˵Ҳ˺ѡ

ŵѵüɫ裬°΢̧³⣺Σյĵطȫĵطб£ҲýӸˣ벻ҾȻҽ˲⡣

Դ˴ĻӸۡ

ݬBϱӽֳԹٿ˴ܽӳԵβ⣬βʹ졣

欲֪ӵĶԹ֪ɵС˼һֻڣ뿪ǿ죬ȥڡ
ݬBݸЦá
Ҫ󣬳뿪ҡ

õ½ƽֿСǰ쳣ѱԵþֻСһھӪΪ˻ؾֶεķģˣҲȥ
ڣҲˡ
½ƽͻȻĺۣ仰˵Īҧгݡ

ŷԭڻˣ˲ɬ޴룬ջȾһ糺졣

-

ûܼڡ
½ƽе˵ָʹһҵӹһѽ˿ڼϣȫӹ˵欣ҲƵˡ

欵֪ڱӴߣ˿Ҳκʱ䣬ֻܹԹԸݬBϻظ
ٲڿջǵӸ˵ļƻֻҪٹһЩʱգȫˣһȥˡ
뵽ܼܿˣ̲סЦ

ʲôôģݬBȻʡ

Ŀ΢Щĵͷڵҷ˴£ûзҲûң款ÿġ

֪˽һ֮Ŀδ뿪һ̬С

ݬBĻЦȻ͵࣬ȥ
СﻹǸǰһѡ

ԭΪݬBҪعֱһȫİĴլǰ
ӣģ
ݬBЦ£صҡҡͷǣ֣̤լ

լӺܴ欶嵽м̨ͤ¥󣬼ɽˮͷһв˿ѷڹԾǴ˼ҡ

Ҫ欼ʲô𣿡
˲࣬Ŀǲ٣款е֣һɲ

ڣݬBصֱֱֽ
款һʶסû˵Ҽ磬ںڵķ˿䵽ӡ
̧ͷüᣬ˵Ļȴǰһڡ

̫ΣգԺǾסû۸㡣





27.  ѧ׷   ʲôڡҡ

ڶʮ

һ˲ѣ, СɷףӡҪҵң

ݬBü˱, ס򦣬ɫ΢Һʱ˵Ҫ㵱ң

Сﱻ, ȴ͸ŲΣŨܵĳ, Ĳš

üۺȻһ˲Ťѹĵ˱ѵʹŭ𽥴ĵ׷ӿ, һʰ
ӯҸÿն

ǵڿջʱķŭ, ķ벻Ρ
ҲǵӦԺҪԶһ飬ȴ뾩Ȳӿ

޴ʧӿͷ, ܵڷڡ
ݬB, ȻʧЦԭһʼͲһס
ˣԽѹԽϲЦ

ЦݼΪ, ˫ȴްЦ⣬һɺ۽Ⱦѹַ
ýŤ

˵Բ̫ԣƽʱŲͬɢϢĿɢն, Ī}ˡ
欴δݬB㣬ƶ߰ϱٿش˸ʶϣûУûС

ݬB΢ø
ʵŸָĻϣԵϢԵؽ֡
˲ͷҧסĶĥȻûУΪҪӣ
ΪҪƭҡңҶΣ
ҵﻹòã㲻⣿Һòã

˵ǳᣬȴžƵǡ
欻סã鷢Ưϣ촽΢ܿصļӿ졣
˽⣬Ÿĺ¡

ݬBģʵ̫ˡ
Һһش

ݬBǹûʣԾҪ˶Ҳ
뿪ҪӣһҲô
欹뵽ԼҪסһӣҲȥ˲Ҫ־ûϢ

ǵ뿪ʱɵζжôҸҲǵǰǰ˵Ļ

㲻Ǵߵĳˣ˶ԳѵҪȺһܶ

ֹ֪ô룬ʱūͣʱڵЩǹŮҲô

ȷԷҪ࣬ͨһҲסլԺҲû鷳ҲҪ

ݬBȻĶˣãˣĳǰһһӶֻܴݬBΪ׼õ
ҪڣҪ޾Ҫʱܳţͳš

С˸Ŀ⣬ȫ˿۵ף꣬صЦ

һҩ
꣬˵
Ů׵Ķͷ߳һ㱡òɣȴɷ˵شϡ
˵촽ߣĴ꣬ૣ޷欶ؽʾ֭ڣʲôڡҶ
Ҫٶѡ

ûЩտڣ촽ͱѹסݺշתʡ
񲻿ɵ֮˿ݷ죬ȴܽǻطңϵѹһůǿƶֲࡣ
еķԽ

ȣ
֣֮֬οҵߺ죬µޡ

欺ܿ;Լ첻ܺ𽥱룬ʶ̧֣ƴ

Ȼͣסжɿ촽ǯƣűָĨȥŮߵ˿

۵׸ʹ࣬|̬ŤռȴΪεı룬ƲסӣԽִ
Ϊѹ΢΢|ǷѾûвܲǿҪ

ĿͷصĶСڻع񣬲ŻڣҪ뿪Һòã

죬ȴԼһҲ˵
ƭȴҲܾ̾
Ǹǰݵе˴ʱɤ˻ƣʱ˵ôر΢Сǲ֪Լﷸ˴ĺӣŲ
ѾʹÿŲȥ

֪ΪʲôǿҵԤУҪԼܾ˺ܻܿµ¡
ʲôҲû˵ֻ̧ͷӵ°͡

ݬB΢΢ЦŻӿķѲֻʣᵽµЦ⡣
еı񣬺Ȼͱܺõذ
֪С᲻

欶Ȼûа취ҵˣһһ
̧ͷ
˲ͷסβµ룬ϵġ
ֻҪӣܿӵԼѪˡ

ٿصɴۣûҲҪܾ
˿ȴͻȻݣɫͣĿ͸һ˲벻ݾܾľζ

欲ݬBôˣΪʲôһӶϸһ˺¡
ȴǳףԼѾһܼ¼ǴʱǿӲؾܾݬBܻܿһӽլԺУҲȥ

һ취ϵڣ֪ԼԺլ֮Уһа취ԣȫˡ
ݬBĻէһޱȻƣϸҲûʲôҪӣҪ治С˺ӣʱԼǡ

ҧҧһ̧֣סˣ޹ǵ˽УӬá
һֱ֪˵ʲôʲôܰˣ½ġ

欶
˵͵Ц۽üȫЦ⣬ֳֵ͸繵ζ
֮Сס

-

ݬBı欵˽ŵòᣬվûס˷ȥ顣
һһҪ֤Բ뿪Լ

뿪𣿡
ҡ
뿪𣿡شΣȴ䷳һʡ
ҡ
欶뿪𣿡
ѾǲǵڼѯʣֻԼͿ챻Ʒ裬̲סʣӣҲˡ

֪ԶᣬȴҲû뵽һִ֡

ѾǵԼʲôʱʧȥʶݬBǺʱ뿪ֻ֪ٴǸհ

ڵƻͨȻû˽ʰһƬǽ壬Ũܰ㡣

СϣĲ˿Ѿһɾѣ鷢ȫʪ޾µС۽͸̺죬ұ

ճͼƿţʲô˽

欿Ϥҩ룬˲ԼΪЦȻΪݬBҪӡ

е̫ԣݬB̾ͷ֣֪ԼЦЩΣⲻǱǵӵĲصԺҪطֹ棬ܼˮʱĲʡ

֪ڻƭԼ˵֮ǽݬBã½ģӦԼɽϽ֣һ档
Цݹɣӹҩ룬ȴŲ룬Ц᣺ι㡣

֪ݬBʱʱЦһϲŭɫȴ֪治ɫһ١ٶĺƭԼ
ָ΢飬ǿѹŭʧɵ˽˻Уϸɤһֽ𣺡á

ûмŸݬB˵ɽڵ£ֻǽ죬͸¶Լɽڵڴʧ䡣
欲ûɽʱϽСʱݬBδȥ߹ǰ˾ʹɽһš

ڣɽǰһ죬̲ס˿ڣȫǿӣĲܴ欵ֿϷ𣿡
ܡ
ݬBһڻؾ
Ͼɽ˳ֻ಻٣δãҪֳûܣǻ鷳ðա

ŶСصͷȥڹϣϥȲ˻һ㡣

ݬBˣͻȻ
ʧǣƲֵģ

ǰ׼׵ǶʱգСҲڹϷŴʱءʱʧǣʱһֻ뱨δעû뵽ʱɼѰٱ߹أһֽ飬ͶԾ

ݬBһԣһᣬؿС
ãһ̾Ц£̾ϢЦֳ硣
Դš

ɿڣ̧ͷЦƣһ

ǣǳᣬȴŲ๵ǿƣǵԼ¡
ֻҪܳţԼʮҲû⣬欵˵ͷЦ˽С
Ҿ֪ˡ

ݬBóĿģж˼еЦ⣺ȣֵֻİζ¥￴Ϸ
ȥζ¥ż䣬Ѿ˲
ݬBƮƮ̾˿ҪЦЦĿͶˡ
΢Ͼ׹
ҪûܣҪϰζ¥Ϸ

ݬBԼСγ΢ЦͼܣһĶڶ֡
ӣ欲ŵĿôܽвĻ˵ֱ׳
ݬBԵֹڣźѾ߼İҲܵϿĴ
ͷһŵʣҲˣ
ѹֻ֮ʼụ̂ԭΪǹѾߣԲܴլû뵽ݬBȻǡ

ݬB΢΢Цţ˵

ɫ΢ףѾûЦ⣬ȴһѿסϸ
ݬBʧЦˣ
΢΢һ뵽ҪԼڣԸѻСʣأ

ҲܰԼڡ
ӽӵˣƱӡ
ݬBǳǸгر֮ˣټ棬Բ˾Ͳ֣˵׼Բù


欴ĿˣҲû뵽ԼȻͽ⼸Ŭȫ

ݬBСܴı龡۵ף΢΢ü΢˼ĥʲô
ٿڣЩ޿κεЦ⣺·Ҳ᲻
ģС۾
ݬBЦЦָᵯĶͷġ

-

գ欲ŷԼݬBĵ
˳ţֱӳζ¥л·
Сһشñһ;˦˵֣߽ζ¥
ݬBܿͽߣЦΣʲôƢ
úÿһЦ۽üҸǴǹ˷飬ǵòŮƵƵͷ
欲˵

һʼˣ˫ߺĻͷݬB뵽ԼŶôñʱòƽСߵ款ùԺҲñ
СŴŴǺټ˵üСʱЩζ
ʲôݬBѵ¡
ӲƼò欳ž͵ôñǰҲ˶ƣǲҲð
ݬBȻڽζ¥żǰûٿڣֵνǣš

û˼ľòƽ̫Ե
ﻹȫûע⵽Ե˶Ȼ졣

ѵóȻô׷ڻ¥żǰһ·ҪοڣݬBŻӦϽ֡
λ͹Ԥż䵽ˣͷԵȣϾͶƳ˵˵ͷܿת뿪
ݬBüͷ΢͵ס欵ֹ֣ƿľš

һôˣǰѱ˴ͷƿͬʱһɤ
欣
欼ھȻżͷЦ۵ڣô
˵죬ϷͿ쿪ʼˡȴһҲ⣬ЦӯӯĴݬB欵֣˴ż䡣
ݬBɫ΢䣬ɨżڵӡ

˫ֱأ𵶵λϣݬBƽʱһֱߵıѵ΢΢̣һĨЦ





28.  ѧ׷   ͬС̥λ

ڶʮ

Űζ¥Ļûǽż, ݬB֪ͷѾˣû뵽ڡ

ڼݬBվſ, ٳٲЦЦسݽ𣿡
, ѾݬB
ǿд֮ûʼղ¾ͶӸ, ǵҪ취Լټһ档
ҺԶʧ

ݬBż䣬˳ִţʼάһĨܵЦݣżĳµ, λ뿴ϷµѰ
˵, 뽫欵ִǶ
ƫǣ⽫欻Լ

ݬB˲˼֡

ǹ⣬վ欶ܵˡ
ǵݬB, ֮ٳŶ, ڵ䣺ڣ𶺹ˡ
СŴ˿˿⣬˾;ۡ
欱¡欵֣ſݬB, ݽ

ݬB΢Це֮ȴԡ

̧̧ü֮⣬Ҫúһ㣬ǰýҴΣǿ°ҵʡ

ݬB΢΢ףҪ, ȴһ֪㲻ں֮飬ݽ㷸һĴҪҽ|߻Ӹе˵˳ȥǸ¹Ǹ̫ӣ߻ӶҪ

欼ѲûԼ¾ȻΪһ鿴Ϸͱˣһ֣
ۿ΢ȡ
ûй

ݬBʧЦӹҪЮң
һ޹ҡҡͷңȣֻҪݽҳԶﷹ밢һ鿴Ϸ˵ü强ôݽ߻յʧͻӶܵûʹһʹ
ƤЦⲻЦؿݬB֪ݽΣ

ݬBյȷʧ̬欵ĳʧȥǣ²ֶΡ˺ֿˮһ֡

Ѱ欣½ƽ֣صĵǸͬʱҲΪ½ƽշµĻҪƺ󡣵Ů˽Ӹۡһ£һ´̫ӶУ̫Ҫִƫ½ƽҲӲܡ

̫ӵˣݬBԭΪֱӽ¸֪̫ӣ½ƽĴ㣬û뵽ӾȻûô

ݬBĬƬ̧̣ӣ᯴Ҳͬӹ﷽ԣ
ڣӻ׷Ź
û뵽Ӿ΢΢ףҵȷӦڣֻҪ㷹Ҿκһ£̫ӡ
ݬBǳӵΪˣ֪˵Ӳڿ

ǰΪ˱Żӽ½ƽ֮ã½ƽֵܣһܷ´Ҳֿѡ
ݬBûѡβ룬ҲֻܵͷЭá

ʱЦݣתͷźѵһȴ款Ȼӽڣûȡñ
ôñ
欲ĿݬBһۣ˵Ȼ룬ȫƯ˫һĨŭ⡣
ʶ
ڷֵܿͽһԡ

ݬBСñǵر֣һԣ˴һ˵Ļؽճȭֱָ׿ֱ졣

ݬB㲻ϲҿˣҲͬϲ㶢ҵ˿ӵɤ䣬ζŨ

ݬB֪ԼջĿⲻٶ欿ʱ̫Դܹһ֮Ҳѹֲסжǹɲ|̬ռ
ֹʱʱ̶̿뽫κ˿ЩźѾӣǸܰëëţȥĹڡ
ܵĺ欿һ飬һֳ嶯һڡ

ӲݬBһŵɱ⣬崺xǼʡ
ݬBˣӦ༫죬ܿͳ|ѵ£䵲˵һ֮ȴǽڽڰˡ

ֱ£ȻΪһ֮ǰϣר˵๥кꡣ
ݬBЦ⽥ӭǱ

ӺݬB欺˫˫һڸɫһࣺӣ㲻ǴӦҳԷʱᶯ֣

𺣬ɫÿ£ԭѾݺݸݬBһѵڵĻһ٣崺ݬBѣֳϺݺһӣŲ֣ͣûµƵģյ

û֣ڴкޱ飬ݬB΢ݽ˵ǲǣ

ֻȭȴһҲᣬݬB촽΢΢ѪɱδʣȴЦӦǣ᯴˴к

ڣ
æǰһ߲쿴ݬB˿ѿһѪա

ΪݬBε̫ҽ˵úҪˣԺٲ
ݬBʹսꪼأҪ޷Ǵպɳٲսꪣ뿪ȴٲս

ݬBС˵Լ˲Ҹĸо̲ס׽סӵС֣һѽקУģûˡ

΢΢һϸӣﻹбˡ
ݬBƤС˫΢죬ɺߵģʢ
ȻողűһȭȴĪĺá
ܿͽɿԸߵСģȥ

ڿźѵżģݬB§ڻУٴκɸ֡
û欸ղŸ˵Ļ
˵ѾûڹݬB˼ĴլӣլҲȥֻ֪լǣȴ֪ȷλġ

֮ϷʱյʮֺƽڸǺ欼粢һ飬˵ЦϷ
ڵż¥Խһоɫ۵ףŵ˳ȻһҸ㡣
ĺϲָо

Ϸòݸһ䣬ݬBѾЩͲס

欻ȥٿ̬ܵĿһ飬ϻҸЦݡ
ݬBڴߣ㷱ǵյյƻӳ£ݱ׵ԽĕiԾӨ͸Сȭͷգֱ
˴̳Ƶģɬζ
һ˲ͻȻܺʧʶ˸֮Լ
仹ĺö֮󣬻Ҫ뿪Լ

ýúòС

һݬBҪظЦɿȥǿЦʣܲȥһٻȥ
ݬBЦᣬȴ÷񣺡ʱѾ磬´ٹ䡣

Ͳھˡ
ͻȻΣ¶ʲôģͻȻס˵ֱۣһֵֻĴָʳָȻһСξ룬ӣ͹һ¾ͺã㰢欹һ°ɡ

֪׺ߣǰһݬBʵ룬ͻȻɤ𾪲СǿĶˡ
ҪĶԼ϶ϵͷӦ
û뵽ݬBȴȻûЦ⣬еǿӲؾܾС
ǿƵסС§Ľ˴롣

Ŀ࣬þǰݬBΪʲôͲϴӦأ
ȴס֣΢΢ҡͷٹȥ̫ʱøǡ
ô֪
û˵欵¡
ˡ
ڣ˳𣿰˵ϸ򸣬ôģ

-

ݬBлգŭ⼸ѹƲס뿪żʱߵü˸欴ñ
¥ʱ˻ףŮŮУҲ
ݬBкԽ
ۡС˵ĶҪ
޿ֱ̣ӽ˴ᱧ𣬽ԴΰڻУҲ޷졣

欲֪Լʲô
ݬB֣ﱾͷĪĶԼͻȻίһ棬ʹ
ҪԼߡ

ݬBȻԽ˱
һͿס°ͣ촽ѹǿƵסݷһ㴦ζ
úݺҧһڡ
ѪζȴûɿԽ̸
ֻϣܸǵҵݬBǼլӡ

-

ա

Ӹ뿪᯸ã˵ͱ¡
ָʹݸ˲࣬ϣ˿Сͨݣû뵽ͱ˽ҿ

ӿò΢΢һҪȴһֹ̧ض
˾ˣӳ˵˵ͷң

˹ʮģȴ˹ĿʣüĿÿμһԴģɵ΢΢һЦǡ
˵ǰգҾҪ塣
ı֡

ӵͷ
ˣмְգ˹ɫƲ
ͬС̥λҲͬҲǺϡ
˹΢΢ףɻ
ǵԼǲݳֻǵʱؤѡ

ݣ˹΢΢һϵȻӹһĨŭ⡣

Ȼ°֪֪ˣھǣȴҲû뵽ֱµôԶĵطôģֱӽ˶ؤѡ
ȻҲȥϴ̽ϱϾСһС޶룬йϢǴδζʯ󺣡
ҲͲ䡣

ǣѾһ̽Ϣϵϵӵܲе壬ʼƶʮбʶȣ֪֪źܿͻϢ





29.  ѧ׷   ˫һС

ڶʮ

𣿡˹ʡ
ӣ˵, ԼǵñǰҲǶ۳裬磬㡣
˹üͷ΢, ΢һ£硢㣿ȷû˵
ǡ

˹˼ãüͷչ, ˹ĵӸֵЦ⣺ھǣ𣿿ݴ󽫾ߵˣͨѾ߻ң

˾Ѿ欣ɵ΢΢һ, ɫ΢䣺ˣ
˹΢΢һЦڰζ¥żȻ

ݬBʵ̫ߵĶעĿ, οﻹһݲ׵Ĺ벻ע⵽ѡ
˹ԭϰζ¥Ǹ, û뵽ģ밢ƵŮ
ŮݬBαڻУһ·

˹عЦݣģ, ȷЩһ, ݬBͨң֮⣬¾ݵ֪, ֪ݡ

ӳĬ£˾ȱ̫ϣҲ˴ԪϴʱҪʧ
˹ʲôٿ΢΢һ̾ɫأҲǡ

֮ʲôĬ㣬֮, ˹ûٶһ䣬ֶûʡ
ԽʧԽѾʧ

-

ʱɫһƬڣʮְԵѬ¯΢΢ҡҷϡɼ˺ʱĺۼ
ǡ

սȭͷ

ľʵϤյķҲӦϰߡݬBĥ˵ֶκܶ࣬ǰżҲ⣬ڡ
ɻΪйݵɣھȻ͡

ԭΪݬB֮һΪֲǰĲڷ֣ôһϲҪƭԸ˵ġ

欷ˣֲ棬ݬBӦ̸ϲӦֻϰȫƿ

ֻϲֿԽȫĵζϲǸ˳ĴԺϲʱٰϣôڲôڲ
ôһֻ֣һӣҲԸ⡣
ôͷĪϾͣ

欵ͷл
˿ס̥£컨鲼ѩ

˱ʱжʵʵסգôһǶǵլ֮ݬBͻȻ˽ȡġ
ūǸͷҶ࿴Ҳ֪

ر׺ߣֵСǰҲ|ܣϣҲδ˻ƹ

ʧܱݬB׽һҲ˱üİֿ£ʱֻΪݬBŭŻһʱʧǡ
Ȼˡ
ݬBģҲˣһҪ֤ŵԲ뿪

ǼµȴҲǿơСΥġ
˾Ϣ

ݬB֪ȥˣҲûаˡ
款֣ŲŷŴȻη򲻿ҲƲ
һ˲޴룬ɫһӾͱˡ
ӣӣΪʲôҪ

ǵݬBմլʱ߹ԺȥľȥģٲôСԺҲõΪ
ȻˣΪλҪڣ

ͷȻˣʵǶˣլǰн϶

һǿԼ侲ܰҿ𣿻ǿͷơ
ӦֻһƬĬ
款ûַŭӷȴòκζ

ݬBʱСڹϷҲ
ͷȻһʹ

ݬB֪Сһ춼ûԶҲûţһլӾ˱÷ˡ
ݵͬʱüѾӶŷ˸ںͷ룬ԶԷȻĲˡ
֮һ˳ȥ
Եġ

ôţ
ݬBߣ΢΢޳ָظ
欱Ͽŭ⣺ΪҪҪ˽
˳ްڣ΢ĬĿ

á

ֱݬBʶ֮Сһ۶ûȻķͲסӣ޷ǰС
ջլʱӵһ·

￩һ£û뵽ݬBôͻᷢ֡
һ·ӾҪŴҲȥ
±˷Լ飬˵ԾشЩ

ݬB΢ۣ޷СﲻԼǿƵǿԼ
սֱ˱Ǽ⼸ſͣ¡
΢΢Ц欶ӻ֮һֱƭңʵӶ԰ɣ

ݬBȻôã˼ϸ壬ڲԹɫĦģС˽ⲻ
ƾӿǻլܿóͼ

ݬB︡һʹ࣬з
欶Ŀ⣬ʶ㣬ҧ촽ۿ΢죬⸡֡
Ȼı飬˼ί

ݬBʹı˱ۣǲٱһ˴ᱧ𣬵ͷգš
ºͣ޿κΡ

ûθڣ겻ݬBԼ壬ιһһڡ

ݬBʱû˵ϰߣʮְ
欳˼֮ڹСʣܲܲҪŰ欣ҪһֱҹһܿͻƳġ
ҲСģ̫ίͰͣ˺Ȼҡദһ˲ʹ

Ҳʹ࣬ţһֳʱأ
Ȼôӣ͹صΪֹ
ģһ˵ģֻܹԹԴߣҲȥ
κ˶졣

欲֪˶ռѾִŵӽħΪټ򵥲һ仰˽ս֮С
ݬBĬãʹֵؿڣС
ӣʧȥ

ʧĿٳԲκζ

ҹ˲ûֻǽڻУļ羱УЩ̰غϵĵ

欰լס֮ݬBҹ춼˯ٲȻǽլӵԼļҡ
ǹĴӣҹޣٹܿͷ֡
˽е鷿ϸʣӾȻͷһլӣʱ

ǸСͨˣѰˣҲԱѧңͿҪ֪ңԺҪףļȨҰѹŮ޸㣿㻹̸һź𣿡

欵ȻڳУȴסǳӵĵ֪ˡ
ݬBûиκˣˣ¶Ϊͨˡ
Ĭİٹ𣬲̧ͷ΢΢Ц£ףѾȢˣҪһź¡
ʲô
ٹɫһ䣬Ѹǰ˵ڵӽɼǵؾǰҷģˣ
ݬBĬ£ˡ

ܿͰһ⡣

ٹɫࣺȢ˭
ݬB
ΪǰиףȴûŵԣӰһͻȻٸ߸ףȢʵ次

ٹ뵽ʲôɫԽѿѵȢǸң
ҡ
㽫˰լûûݵĸ㣬˯һ飬ⲻңٹûڿһ񣬲ô룬˼ͽң

ݬB΢΢ף˵ĶԣӲίԶӺܿͻס
ˣ˭֪˵ҪȢٹò֪Ҫôֻһ䣺ҾԲͬ⣡

ǲɢֹɢٹݬB໤Ժˣ̬ʮǿӲ

ݬBͷٹһۣѵøʧ׿ɻǵãʮӦң󽫲ҼԷڵκ£ûȨҡ
Ҳ˵һ˼ҷҾͻܣ
Դؾ֮ͽԼһ֮У˿ҷ̸Ϊľǲκΰѱ
һΪ˻欣Ϊͨ

ݬBʧЦӷҷ

淸ϣٹȣˣ콫طԷ

ݬBÿɷĿٹ͵͵Цöʧġ
ЦĪı}ˣԺһʱ侹Ҷֱٹٴȣһӿϡ

ݬBһڹ̣˫ۣϴ΢̣-УЦģĺᣬԳɷ
һŲۡ
ȻλТ˳жȣ¶һ˿ĹӣȴͻȻѳΧĻԺ
ϻˣЩԺҲȫȻĶ֡

ٹû뵽Ȼһ֣˲䲪ȻŭӣҶ֣

ݬB΢΢ЦţţٹǰҲزһյʱ˳뿪
еԽٹԼ֡

ٹ½Ͻʱ߹֮λܸҪһʼȻϽܣ֮λþģġ
ʱ׸ʲô
ֻŲΪԼĶӼ̳֮λ鷳һԳᣬóӦٹߵˡԺūͼһΪ
ΪͨʱִмҷʱֻΪҪڸʲô

˫ڣնͻȻޱȿ次
ٶȻص˾סլԺû뵽һլԺ¾һӭ

ӣˣղֹţɫܲźѾ˵ͷյ֪ҪҪ򩤩
ݬBһ欲ˣûϴγ֮ʼսͻȻͶˡ
˾򣬻õһ𣡡

ݬB˵ºͣʱʱЦԵһ棬ͻȻ£οЦԸûκ˽լСȻ˽򡣡

²֪ݬBݣóǸ󣬹Ҳ款ʲôݣֻµõż͵ҡ
Ϊ谮ﲻ֪ʲôӽڣҲȥլԺĻһ

ݬB΢΢£Ȼ侲ϷԸȥһã
ϿϹЦݣȴްЦ⣬һƬĹӣ˵ĵģ˵ʲôȴֲҿڣֻܹԹȥˡ

ڹʱûھͷֲԾ߿дլĻͨĶ࣬ſڣϹű⿪Ȼǽͷ˵ɷһ

һڣھͼݬB欱ڻУ˲֪˯Żǻԣ˫۽գ촽ס
ʱһϣֽŷ䣬첽ǰݺݬBһ⣺𣿣ôܽ欹

ݬBƫͷȥȴһҲںڶ֣Եȿ欶ôˣźһֱѡ
˵ɤɳƵ͸żѹֵĿ־塣

ڷҩ䣬ɫѿȽ˷źƽȥԱߴţҪҡ
ݬBհ죬ֻĿʼδ뿪ԲѵС
ںܿϣдһҩҪϻץҩ
ôˣɤɬ÷ۣòǿӺＷ˻

Цûסǰݺݴһƣôˣˣسˣ㾿Ѱ欵ʲô˻ǳôô

ݬB̧
˲ŵú˼Ŀ

ݬBȻƽʱºЦݣȴǳԾβ΢΢죬ͫһƬ͸⣬û¶ȣҲûи飬ͽɭȻɱ⡣

ɽգΪҪҵ
ڲȻ
ݬBЦǻҪҵ欶𣿡
ڰζ¥ӸԼڲеݬBһˣݬBĻֻԼҪꡣ

һԻԲѵ欣ڻǿ׳ŵװŭƾܲͽ欹Լ次
ֱָָݬBڻСҪĽ𣿡
ݬB欣ᣬʣҵġ
ҵģҵġ

ڴûݬBģ
촽ǳЦ΢΢ɢĿ͸Ũҵ̬ռɢźڰѹֵϢһƫֲִֿС

һʱ䣬ڱ˲ëȻ
ֲ̫ˣôǰûݬBǸأ

ںµ˿ڛĭСʣ֮ǰ˵˵ҪףȢ欣ϲ
ݬBЦ£ǣȢΪޡ
ڱһѾ
̧Цһۣ㲻š

ݬBԲԣѡʱ˵̼
ص̾˿ĵȰϲ欣Ϊ˰欺ã֮
ݬB
Ͳ°欱Ƶ벻Ѱ̣

ڸ˵꣬ͼݬB欵ֱۣۿɼĶ˫ֽճȭǽڷףž޴ʹࡣ

ڼݬBȻе㲻ֶ̣˵䣺ϲһˣҪҪʲôʲôãͱȫ̽ܡ

ݬBʧѣϿƴãȴ걻ӻؾãͶ֮λ
ΪȻݬBγģҲ׳Ĵ
Сûܹ۰ĺӣڳ谮гĺӣȥһ˶֪

ι欷ҩ֮󣬺ܿ뿪ݬB˽լ᯸ӡ
ݬB⣬һֱߣÿð뿪С

ɽգʹӣûа취ٰ欳ӡ
˵иһʧķ

ֻҪݬBΪˣٲҲֻܷ֡
ûס
ʱ˾ڸݬBظڣӾ档
Щ谵Ψ΢΢¹ӳ͸˽һüϡ

ӿʱӵеưڿ֪һּҩ֮˻״̬κϢ¶ȡ





30.  ѧ׷   欶ҵĺӡ

ʮ

ݬBմ˻Ժ뿪֮, ûȥ
欲֮󣬳ϳ⣬粽, ιҩ£ˡ
ԭŴ, 뿪ãȫָԭ״ȫ¡

欵ʵվ, ֪ΪΣٳٲѡ
չȥݬBһձһ, ½ƽ˹ͨȥӸһ, ֮
ÿվʹŻ˯ѵСҲȥ

ϴû
һ, 㵱֮λҲδײٹ볤, û뵽ȻΪһŮ
ֳôĶ

ݬB䲻ٻعѾֵǷ꣬˶֪ݬBΪһҳײٹ
ճ֪ݬBٹ̣ܽ˶, òᣬҪҳݬBͷǸҡ
֪ǲΪⷬĹϵ̶̼գݬBͱԹٲ಻ٴΣ½ƽҲ۽ȥѵһ١

ϲԸΪһŮ˽Լǰ̻ˣ̲סȰ˼, ݬBȴΪ⣬ͻȻŻ
˴߹ǡôЦ⣬ɫĿŻСૣ欶£Ҳҵġ

ƽʱ죬СݬBߣźϣȴ̾ͷֹӵĲԾ
˫·ⶼ͸ȥ
ٱԵ

˲䱳ҲһëȻռ
ӵģԲԾ
ã欹ٲҪ衣

ҵ磬˯յСۡ

欲֪ԼᲡôأʱݬB°ðһ磬ſĵЦݣȴȫڲס㲣ɵ΢΢һ
ܿģԼΪεĲ

ݬBСĬƲͷٿԼŮִ̬Ѫⷭڡ
һѹֵɬһ·սĿڡ

ݬBŵѹ⣬Ŀ⡢һеоֹơ
ֻ崺ᡣ
欶Ҫұǣٱ
ɤͳ󣬴޿κζֳЦ⡣

欲˵ۡ


΢ָ⸧գƽʱʱػӿ

֮ǰݬBҲȥʱǳݬBʧ
е㲻ףΪҪػһ
ҲףΪݬBҲˣȴص޷ǰĴΪͨ

款ԼӲǰˣݬBլȵҪף³϶ҲǰԶ

ݬBصԼӿ֣Щãˡ
СˣȴԲʱ࣬Ӧ


ɬз̳

ָ΢飬ؽ߬ȭֱ¶ѹĵĽꡣ
欶ٿڣ춼ǿɬ
żҲͲס齽˽뻳
մ֮Ѿ֪ˣԺ󲻻㡣
ԲҪҡ

ţƽʱǰ˹żС롭еıꡣ

ڵ֣˷Ӧ
ڡ
ݬBһһͱӵҲѹֲס

˲䣬񣬵ɺβο

ͻȻޱȼڣһɳ嶯һɱ欶Ͳһֻűˣȴһ۶ϸ
ɱڣ欶ѹġ
ܡ

ݬBĬƬ̣Ϊѹɱ΢΢||ָ⣬ٴḧŮ°ӡ
欶ԣһۣ˽Ӵ
ɬᵽµȴ΢ɲĲ|

款˵ҪȲʵ̫ڡ
ڣ֮ǰ˵ҪѰļҩ䡣

СԥһЩԸתͷĿһۡ
һַۣɿŤͷ

ݬB΢οЦ֫ϵֱۇһЩ

ϰ߱˴ӺסΪ⣬ֱ΢̵ĺھ࣬΢΢һͻȻʶΣա
̳μ٣ӲܳҸոѾˡ
ߴ˵ƵЦ
أ

֪ӹȻͺǰһ޳ܣʲôӣǼٵġ

ҧҧ꣬۲תɫ΢䣬ܿɤС󣺡ӣ欻ܣϽðһơ

˵Сһ𽿣ûм˾ܾˣݬBҲ⡣
ڰζ¥ǱûŻһھܾСòСèһ㣬˵ܣٶ

ղΪڶĴɱ⣬ʱ٣ȥ

ȻˣݬBȴʼһԡ
ǰ뿪ھѾõҩ͵֮󣬽ҩ
ڣݬBһԽû취ҩ次

ڴʱ齱ߣģ欴
ݬBλãֻõ欵
ȫȻ֪Ϲʵ欼üŪۣʾ취ݬB֧

֪ݬBڿԼֻڵֱ£ʾҲû취
֮ݬBʹ粽»᲻һ㣬ȶ˵ëȵһα׽Ҫء

üһ˫۵ת죬ؾ

欲֪Ҫʲô˲ͱŵֻΪԼĲɫɷףôˣҵʲô⣿
ݬBڳĄxǣɿ齱ߣüͷ΢ɼ£Σ
ڳüĿźѣ¶ЩԥſݬBһֹģ

ü΢䣬Цһºͣīȴ͸ɭĺ⣺欶СӴлֱǣҪ

ס
̲סƲ졣

ɿɨźڵˣڹ˼ʲô
ݬBʱ˼ܿͻ֣˾¡

ֱ£ڿڣ欵ûʲô⣬ֻǡ

ݬBЦ£ɫ΢ƽʱɤʱȫɭȻ⣺˵˱
Ͷкĵ⣬Ǻλеľζ

ڹµ¼򣬿欣ίװе㺦¡
Ȼ֪ǹģȻ֪Ҫʲôȴʮϵҧҧϸ硣
ӡŰڣҲе㺦¡

Сټ侫Ưʩ޶ˣСسģǽͷһˡ

΢̧ѣεЦ
ֻԭ}˵˫ۣɿͽʣЦ⣬Ŀеĳ֮ʶ
ٿڣͷϸ꣬ǫͣǸղĳʧˣӴ£֪ǺӴ˾ȣҪĳҲ˵

ڻͷһοһ˱ٶô죬ɵζĿ˺һۡ
λӣĶ԰֡

̾˿˵ˣǱŵ
欺ؿݬBЦºͣƲ
ҷŸ欴ϲнһ¡

͵صɴۣŵץס󣺡ҡҡҡ
һĻ˵
ôУһֱкȱѵݬBûƭǲǱֻǲҩ

ݬB΢紺º͵Цڴߣܳ

ڳû欵֣͵͵¡
ŴлعһĨʧ们ͷ

ǰ֮ǰ˵Ĺϵе㲻ȣҪһץҩֻǡ
ڶ£Ϊ飬˵ٲԾؿ
ֻٹɢв֪˸ңҰ欣һԽ֪ԽãݽߵСҲҪ͸¶ֻݽдõҩһá

ݬBʱŻعżٵţ͵ǰһڵ½΢˫ûƭң欶ҵĺӣ
β΢죬͸ŷϲ벻š
ĺܿġ
ĵζ롣

欿ѵʧ̬۽üȫڲסĿϲˣȻһС
ܿģǹоͱѹȥ

ݬBݲ֮࣬ԼףٹҲԲӦ
ǰСݬBãºιȾܺݬBһ飬ҲݼҵѪ

ݬBǰûȢӦҲʱףûˣݬBѹվǹӣ½ƽ֡
ı룬ڱ߹ذ꣬òװͷѹҲΪء
ݬBǰΪ˸½ƽϴ֮λæòɿˣֻҪһæѹ¶ԺһܿܽԼԺ

欱˱ۣǿԼȥ롣

ΣߣѾܲݬBһ¶ᣬһǿӲˡ
ˣݬBԸһô֮أֻҪģӣ϶ֻὫڣҲȥ

ˣһ˱ζʵ̫µֲ̫̫ϢֱǰڷԷҪٱ
ͺǸˣֻǱݬBŪڹ֮䣬ϵĳ
ʱ͹˾ͲԸ-

Ҳû뵽ݬBôģΪ˽֧ҲֻӲͷƤûƭʲôҪǲţھȥҸΪ

ǾһŮݬBΪ欴ȥΪãǰһѽ˸дĸα

ãھдӸңҾԲõ֪
ݬB׼ֽī
˵һдʱҲѹֲסϲã̲סǰСﱧתȦ
欶ڿˣûƭ㡣
ָǱ¡

һѾôģӯҸЦ⣬ʵЩ̣ɵװɬĵ˵ͷ֮ǰֹӡ
ݬBϲŭɫ⻹˶ŭ⣬ԡ

欿вһĨɻ
ݬBûƭôǰƭΪҪƭأ

欺ȻŻϣȣ˱ס֮Сüһǡ
κ룬ֻϧ밮繡
ͷ΢ʶرۡ

һͷƼݬB§ڻǣСʱһ죬ɿرͷ
ҩҩѾдãݽˡ

ݬBҲҸԴĸ׻֮Ҳ֪νҸ⻹ͷһ֪ԭҸô򵥣ٲ뿪次
Լǣ£Խ֪Խãܽץҩиˡ

ݬBȻ|СĶ˱Ǽһ飬̬ʮǡ

ڻڣ欵ܿͲܿصغҧź촽ߴӡ
ݬBȴɷ˵Ĳͷס촽
˵Ǽȴֲʧᣬֲࡣ
СʮֻɰСֺ΢΢ʶҪӿ֫ȴοסãֻͷܡ
ҺܿͻЦ⡣
۶ϲãҸ

ݬB뿪Сնͮͮģǳһ

ûѵʵЩ멤
տڣͱ͵ס
ꡭߣýӽ˵С㣬аš
欵˵ͷɿ
֧ݬBҲƭСڶС
뿪ݬBƭˣϲƭˣƭζܡ
ڻѳڣܲܵ𴩺ѣֻӲͷƤ

ҲΣ˭ÿι欴ݬBʼһԣһĶ͵һ㡣

ȻҲѲãΣͿݬB
ݬBһʼŰӰ欣Ѱ欲լ˵ң欹س
Ҫǲ취ð뿪ᱻ˲ôˣ

Ȳ˵ҪҸһ
ʱȣݬBʱпܻڲ˷ʱ䣬ɿشӻͳһҩ

欺һϣɿ㶵ضҩΣſڣ죬ѯʣ˵ģҩ

Цŵ˵ͷԡ





31.  ѧ׷   欹ͻȻͻȻ͡

ʮһ

, û뵽ݽˣ֮ǰߵСͨ޷Ͱգ˵ǸСͨ, Ҳ֮Ȼ˸, Ϊײٹ

ةฮ԰ڣɽԵİ˽ͤ⣬Ѿվ, ͤ£ʯϰϹ㡣
ʱпϣĵĿų, ķߺԶ׼

ֵ, ͤµļ߶ű裬ѾǴײű˿š
԰ڰٻ, ɫ䰺, 磬Ƣ

˶費
áСûø, ǹĸʱ簮÷㡣

ʱͬ꣬ͬ³ʱʮ죬ı㣬ʱȴСֱ

ʱȻϰĳĬ, Ե˵ôôɣǸСͨӣݬBңòǸҾ߽欵ǸСͨ

欵֣ɫ΢ЦΣѲɵ㻹޸ݬB

ʱȻСͱùֽݣǸδֱ׵Ļ̲סȡ
̧°ͣϸߣ𣿡

ü΢Ц£ÿɷ

㣬ʱֱתͷ֮ͤʼղһ£˴λؾҪãǲǰ˾˺;Ҫ뾩һܴܲʱ뿪

ζĿһۣЦݴȺͣšˡ

̫ˣʱü䣬ҲСˣھ˾ˡĻѰ˼ף

ǸˣةฮĵչȴСͺʹҹ㡢⼸ֳϱߣױ䣬Ů

ҪǣУ˾˹ȴδֹԣŮ֮ǵûŰף뾩Ĵɽˮ

ʱ䶼ף˾˾۰㣬ͷ

ЦݵЩȻֽ˻ȥ㷽ĶԻƺλݽߵǸͨ

յƷ裬ģʮרġ

ʱǸģȥȴһҪһŰƴС־ּʵСͨܵ裬ٴθͷ

ʱ۵Цһ棬һ˫ۣηɧģģͶ˹֣ǸѵõĴˣҲݽһؾͱԵתתš

⻰ȥǳޣʵȻ弸ͬʱ΢΢һ١
ʱ˵ҿ˳ɾݬBصǸҡ
̧ͷ£أ
Цҡͷ
ҲЦջؾãһͷˮЩ¡

ʱȤƲƲ죬ּͷͺɹ㡣
΢Цôһݣҵеλ˶ж

²յĿ΢䣬ںЦĲãΣѩòɫȻһһЦԷ飬廹ͷһμ˕i׵Ůӡ

¿ʱ䣬һȻ򣺡ѹִŮʱÿڣҲѹܽλò˵ݴԵߵϧҹҲҪͨ
վһʱɲŮòȻϣ
򴽣Ц⣬΢΢ףǡ

ʱǽݣֻ˳޷ķݡ
ղ˵ǷֻݬBߵСͨû뵽λȴһ㣬ȻһһͷǸ|Сͨ

ʲôɲŮòǸСͨҲվݬBߣ

ʱЦ΢ŵҧ´ɫЩѿ
µĳŹϹƷ衣
ͤĪһƬĳĬ֮С

ã᯸ˣ˵᯷ʱظ

ʱ¼ҽñǸһЦҶˣĸ׽ҪҽݼĸλҪʱһ

뵽½ƽǰպԼ£ü΢΢ЦҡͷЩʣҸٽĸ밲

¸ǿŵسü˲ˣҿɲȥȥ˹ĸָ߶ݣҺʱףָûϸҴͻ飬¼ҹɹˣס

ʱһ٣任ͣ

ʱȥ¾ͻڲѾȫ˵ԶԶֱȷ˵Ľ̸ᱻֿڡ
ݴ󽫾ʲô£ôСͨˣôʱ

彫渵

üݬBҲ紫侲ȡжȣôֱӱ˹ȥʱӣⲻڸǸСг𣿡
Ц£ɲǡ

ֻǣе桭̧˫Ŀһ˲˲Ķ£Ϊ˹СͨѵѾ

΢Цÿɷ
δȴѾ³߰˷֣յϰζ¥ѰʱҲƼˡ
ô˵
԰ꡣ

˷Ҫҽͣй£һҲ͸¶֪

ǵĹˣȻס̲סЦбͤľϣô˵Ǹ欵С»û


ȻЦˡ
Ҳ֪ΪӱףЩ£񶼶ʮ壬߷ͨûУȴ̻֮أŪû⣬ǵþ˼û˸ҰѹŮѾ޿̣ŷ뽫ؼң˵Ǿ廨ҲҪ취һ¡

ΪĿ֮һòȻף˵Ϊڣi
Ʒ̫䣬ҲŮĴˣϧͻƢһһ꣬Ｘû˸ҽŮ޸

һͬ飬뵽ʲôҡҡͷҲգ²֪ҲãҪֳ
ûֳҲҪݼҴӴɲзϡ

ȻѾǸСô棬ôпܾ֪֪𣿡

ºȻ̾˿˵
ʧͷ
¿õѹʧ䣬ɵÿڰοԪѾ˺ü½ϴ̽ܿͳ䶨ˮʯ

¼ҽò֪ǿ۵ĶʱѾһ顣

ӽճֱݣҲδͨԼ
β΢΢½ԳһƯ⡣
Ŀʱһӵеư

Ԫǡ˵䵭΢΢

£ޱ飬㶼ҪΪԼճų˵˽
ָʹ˵۾ǣҲֻ¼ҸӸҡ

ģ
Ҳǲϲϻĸԣ׵һһͿżɽ

Ӳ

ôңɢ䵭Ŀڶˣ⼸ʵ̫æҪգҾ͸ô粽ĸ㡣
ŵġ

Ȼ֪ڡæʲô
ѵֻ˵˾׼ס
ΡЦһ鼫ΪĮ

ΣȷûοڣѾƽʱеɢ
½Ҫһʱ䣬ҲҪʱ䣬ûô졣

˻ڽϣôԶ
΢漴ۡ
ҷ˵ǰաҡڴȶ£ﻹһλŲףȥǴ˼ҵҡºģǳţֱҵ

Ϊԭűҵ׷գξֻļҹҪռ˼ҵףȴҵȣס
Ѿȸ˵ӲΪȻ
ֻ˵Ҫҵݡ

ӰĿȫǡһΪܷݡ

岻ݵĵһҪ

ӣǰҲѰһò֪֪ͣΪĹɻǵõʱʲô
ɵĳĬ£꣬һ

Ӽ˵ǸҲǹŮСͱȥͯϱϧķҶãɷǲϧֹʱȭߡ
ʱɷȻȻˣҲˡ

忡üۼ両ЦǸﲻ֪֪ǸҲô򡣡
üͷһ壬׷ʣ˼һѰĹҲ޷ˣ

һ˲䣬ɢȫʧ
ֱʮࣺǻģǹǲ֪֪ȥһ˵



ӵĸԣ֪Ĳ͸¶ǹټ˶Σʣٸңһ
û

ɳĬ
ĵ̬ɢĿڡ

ãڿڣûС
崽΢䡣
ǡ
ֱǣü΢
Ǵ˼ҵͨѾߡ

Ĭ
ںȻ밲ֻƽĺͷֹ
ŰΣӲֿڣԣҪǩ
Σüɢش
֪Ҫ˵ʲôҪȰʲô
Ҳ⡣

΢΢ף֪ĵ㡣
ĵصͷ

ԣҪ֪֪ȫ԰ĵİ
ü۵ЦһΪʱ֪֪ǰǵðҶ˵û
һδ̫硣

岻ΪȻԵͷһϵ塣
һۣѵøᡣ

-

欷Ϊġ̥ҩ֮ûãھͱݬBͳլԺ
һʱҲû취
ѾϵլۡţŭĶ˶ţû̫ͣãܿͱҩ뿪
ҩѾ͵þ֪ͨ׼С

ݬB֮󣬺ܿͻصڡ
СɵڴϣһƬᡣ
֮ﲻʣһҪϸҡ
ݬB齣С뻳Уϸ
ڣֱù½ǡ

ѾݬBǰҩغá
һΣڣԲϷ¼ҩ
գٳݬBϳʱٷ¼ҩ

˵ˣҩҩЧ֮󣬼״ֻ̬ά졣
ʱڻ취ȰݬBսᣬ֮ڻҹ˾ʱ׽ȳ
֮ˡ

뵽֮ҲشñҲõԼٱݬB款̲סЦ

ݬBĿû뿪次
СԼĻ΢΢𣬿ȻҲܿġ
СiӸֵ̺죬̺͸΢΢ҸЦ⣬̲סЦƯ˫ȫᡣ

ݬB̲סУͷѹס촽
΢΢ӣԡ
ֱ۸ǰݬBгڵעԸ̥󼫲ȣ֮Բκء

ݬBȻǵãܿͽɿ
˹ǽڷ޳Ưָ΢գ¡
ֻ̫ģ㣬ûҪʲô

ݬBʱģ欼УǸ侲Ĺӡ
뵽֮ݬBѹһӣٶ˵ʲô
ǰ޹ǵ˽Уţ֪

ݬBʵ̫ڹ۲죬ڷҩ֮ǰһ˿

ӼΪȣݬBÿһ³̸ϻլۡ⣬һмǰ졣
ֻǰǴСԺӣڣ˼ԺӰˡ

գݬBϳǰһطԸ¼Ҫչ次
ģ欹⼸鶼ܺãʱͥ԰ɢɢ경֮󣬾ڴɰ
ɰݬBϵĻ
һյ죺⣬ҴӦ欹ﲻ˵ģװ֪ɣ
ݬB΢ΣõЦ
ãʲô֪

ϳǰС͵͵ԼɰһգݬB½ƽ̸꣬£լ·ϾƽʱҪꡣ
·ϣͷ֪΢΢ͺС뾩͵һ
ݬBȻȲСȷƽ¡
̲סһٴߴų

һͼ¼϶վſڡ
ɫʮѿϸǲҰһ˫΢죬ǿ޹

ݬBǹɲ˲䱻Ŵ
ӡϽǰֹ
˵ʵ̫ˡ
֮ǰ欹ֻǲ˼ûѣӾͼҪǸ߹ӣ欹ͻȻͻȻûˣôӿ϶ģ

ݬB͵ؽ˻ӿ߽լۡ
÷ɿ졣

ڿ쵽ʱ̲סǰݬB
ӣ欹欹
˻úõģ֪ΪΣ˯֮󣬾ͻȻͻȻûϢ





32.  ѧ׷   欶ȥģ

ʮ

Ϲ, ݬBǰ
欹ûˡ
ںͷˣ£˲ֵ̿ĵͷ, Ҵ

˵ľ
Ϊӻ֮ǰô񣬻Ƿŭ, ʧȥǣûС
ȫûС
ݬBֻ侲ֳĬĿ

Ư˫ۣգ¡
Ǹûո˵ʲô

, 밲οӣڿɺβһˮ֮, ͻȻһҲȰڡ

ݬBûпޣֻⲻܿصӿ, ʪۿ
˴紺Цݣֻһ˵Ŀ
Ŀ΢΢ɢնãȻ

Խʮǰ, ֮, Ҳûӿ޹
֪꣬ͰⱲӶᶼˡ
˫Ŀʧģȴȿ޻Ҫʹ, Ҫ˾ܡ

̲סʣӡ
ݬB£·ҲûκζģϾú뵣ġ

ݬBվԭز
ʹªӣѪۣ鼰֫ٺ
侲, ǻѪҺһ˲䱻ߣֽ÷Ϣöá

ַ·Ҫζ
ҲֹһΡ
ָоر£ر

һĸ׻̥±ʱ

۰ĸȴԶ뿪
ʱ֪ΪʲôֻԸãȴϴһߡ

游ΪʲôһߣΪʲôBһ𣬬Bˡ
Ժһηޡ

еСк棬᲻ͣ¡
ľɬʹɬü˵ÿһֶ˵ʹࡣ
ͣ׷Ψһˡ
ʲôûˣֻʣˡ

ǵõʱĬ˺þá
еĸȧǽ͸ĳŭòŴＷһ仰ΪҪǱ𡣡

һβֹûˣС۰游ĸҲûˣֹǣкܶˣܶˡ
ʱףϵĻȨжԵǼĶжпᡣ

˵ûߣΪϣǱ

BҪѧżǿѧи֮ʣϣᡣҪסֻԼ㹻ǿǿûκܹ˺㣬ڲǻŵľ֮㣬Ųٻ˲ڽ£

ĹȨƷ֣ãٹʮ꣬޷ҪλãҪٵЩ˸ֻۣ취ձȨ
ԬBһؾͻ취ȥӪҪ취ץᣬ´󹦡

ȻӱֻǸӣЩöЩףΨһμǵֻһ¡
Ҫ
Ե길׺ĽԼ͵زĽϣʦϰʱ¹ʹ࣬Թޣ˼Ψһ˼òˣһ

ڶϸ߹ط˵Уʲô֪һֻŻؾҪκúðǸѡίԼȴһֶĹɹʱ
ʱٴ´󹦣رпҵ
ǸǹɵСѾͷûдʱףֻȨ֮ƣλؾ֮ٲǣơ
Ȣ

ؾ֮ŷ֣Ҳûлˡ
ûа취Ҫͱ˳ף뾩ͶԾ
ǸСȴδǸС۰ϣǳСȴˡ

ݬB֪С￴ʵȴһǳļǿ
ԾСҲԼ˫峺ԶĹâ

ôǿһжŻѡͶԾŻһҲҪˣ

͸ЩһĿɶ

ݬB֪Լվ˶ãһƬ𽥻ָعʱЩ졣

ӣϼöˣҪϣôˣܸҪ̫ġ
ղ߹欹ûϢ֮󣬹Ӿͽԭزʧ˻һվԭؽһӡ

ݬB
ϼûʲô״ֻɫƽʱҪһЩ˿Ƹղǰն˿

û뵽ϸҪתݣݬBͻȻһĽ͵Լֱۻһ

ĿͲʱŵóȥܲ˵ضݬBĵ
ֹŵˣΧҲݬBͻľٶŵòᣬڿӡ
СһģѾĵڵء

ʲôɫɷס
ݬBɨ۲ӿѪֱۣ΢΢ۣԭΡ
˵ĻкȻ̽һԡ
ӹȻ޷欹û˵ʵ

ӴӴϽ
欳֮̾˽

ݬBڵ֣΢һѽƿǽڡ
һ۾齿ȥ
Сڴϣľֻ˯ˡ

ԭһ˵ʣղſ͵ʱݬB۾գҲգĿԼһʱѾŵЩ֪롣

ݬBܿǰǲ֪ʲô°㣬ʣ欶ôˣ
ǿѹе뺦£侲ǰݬB
ݬBЦ޷ˡ
齱ߣ˫۽յСµٲһ˿ȴһе
ӸղͲκ¶ȣ΢΢ʧڿռʱ𽥸ʹ֮ɫ
ǿװǱάִݡ

ֺñ˪ѩһ㡣

΢΢ҲԼֱۻѪԽСС
˫˫ͣ࣬ᶳһ㡣
ڷģڻδ裬Ŀܻᶳš

ڼݬBɫı欣ͷǵĶ䣬᲻䣬غһϣͷƤ顣

ðΣ˲̧ڣ΢΢ЦţӴ欶ֺñôˣ

˷ˡ
죬ѵһڛĭðҵԼݬBѾ
ݬBЦһҪЦЦ̧ۣӴ欶õϣһ䡣
ɫ˲˪ú˵
ٵͷʱȴ˲ᣬŨҵĶռ

ڱëȻ
ͻȻ֪ô죬е㺦¡
߹ݬBһʼܻܷ޷ʵҪʱҪŵ
׼Ҳû뵽ݬBġ񡱾ڳˡ

뵽ô뿪ӲͷƤڣ欶Ѿ
ֻû˵ڣһӲѾӭ
ͫǱĶ㿪

ݬBѻһƯĳް䣬΢ٵĺŮֵļϣĶͷ
ĽСŻϣǰһѽקǰ
欶Ӻ䣬ֺܱǲˣη纮ҩɻ˵ӣ
ݬB΢΢ֵܿૣźҲûϵֻҪκ欶ƽͺá

ڲҶ
ݬB΢΢һЦӴôٳٲ欶ʲô⣿
ɤЦºͣ˫ȴлһеķ֡
ڻӲ欴亹꣬ʪ

ӦãֹסĲЦǿӦϴεķ纮ûá
ÿ취뿪С
ÿ˵ݬBˣǴˡ

ڸµǣ֮ҪݬB欸ûⱲٲټ次

ݬBƺ𰸣΢΢ס
Ŀ⻺С毺õϣ̧ḧѪɫգЦǾӴٿһҩ欶ˡ

-

߳ݬB˽լ˫ǷǽûǱĵڵء
ݬBǸӣ
ôˣ
յڵϢ֮󣬾Ѹٸ˹ԭڰʵǲġ
ݬBԽթɣܿſҲаŰ
ɫԲԣģҡҡ׹еĹ˼˲䱻׵Ժ˴ᱧ

ٶ뿪ݬB˽լ
£ȫûע⵽ôԼġ
عʱѾϡ

£ӼɫҰ׵Ŀʹ
˫΢|ͷһǰۿô죿Ҵ߰ˣҴ߰ˡ
΢ɿذסļ磺£侲㣬ȸҾ¡

ŸʱӾѾϸѯʹй欵ʱѾɹһѰˡ
ȷ欵С̥֮˵ڶˣֻҪһϢͻӼϻؾ

£ϰĴ㣬һμҩʧҲνֻҪȷ欵ݣеǷӽ˴ߡ

ڽղŷ£ϸŵظӡ
ޱˣݬB֮಻΢΢ü
ݬB欵ĶռԶĻҪأҪ衣

ô죿˫ͨ죬űݬBŵòᣬȫƽʱҪǱݬB֣欸ûֻǷ˼ҩһһŹҺͰ欵ģҩ

ָ΢ԥƬ̣͵ؽС
һ
˵ĴưԴϣɤѵ͸żɲ᣺ңǶµġ

û˵ٴαɵ
ԴݬB˵һˣôֻῪģԲΪ
ֻҲû취ݬBô֪֪ԺҲľ

ڻع񣬷ɿ
Ǳͻŵ䣬ƲͷֻɰͰ͵Ӧ˼Ŷá
еůͻȻʧ΢ͷһĨʧ䣬ȴܿµ˻ȥ

-

Ѿ֪ô졣
ûϢ죬̫󣬲ֹӴݬBӵԲС
Ѿвūͱŵòᣬ˽۷׷ף˵ˣҲŷˡ

ݬBûϳ춼լŪլĻ̡̻

˵欹Ѿˣ춼ԼڷһͱŹԲȡ

ֹˣһ˵欹û˵죬֪֮󻹺ݺݿԼһ찢ڳ˵ӵʱıɭ}ˣƽʱȫһ

Ӵƽʱ˹ģôôˣ欹ʬ׻úõģôȣټҪá˵⣬͵һ飬µĴ˴˫ۣ˵ʱӻ᲻ᷢ˶ˣ

䣬ΧͻȻ
ǰһ̻˵ʲôˣʶʲôµĻعͷ
ݬB֪γ֣վ󣬼˻ͷ΢΢һЦ
ΪԼСŵùġ

ݬBûԣ˿ˣֻǵټԺūͣ˰ӡȫ̾һԣĵĿţ˽жҾ徣ķ粻
ˣ˹Ľᡣ΢΢һЦúõģԺ
ݬBͷβЦüΪº֮ͣլԺȴ˸ҽ

ûˣݬBȴ˵ˣÿ춼׼ʱҩ÷ͽȴԼһڶԡ
ģûʲô仯ݬBѾһȦ
ӣһڷɣһھͺãʲôԣӻŲȥġ
ݬB⼸춼ԲȣϺ¼ˡ
óӲˣֱϵ˱ڰ֮ҩ

ݬB棬ЦʲôֻǲȻͻԡ
øˡ
ݬBһֱ欣ϿſţȻֹӻ˽ë¡
ӣӡŴ죬ָ欣ŵüʣңҺ񿴵۾¡
ݬBͫһȻͷź̽Ϣ

ϢȻ΢ȴ͸ȡ
û

ϵɫзɿ˼
뵽ʲôǱķŶͷ͵ƵЦ
ϲȴʹ
ô뿪𣿡

ӣ欹ֻ𣿡
£ϵСԼ컯ռˡ
ݬBȴԹԵķЦ

Ϊݵˣһڴجҵʧõıһ㣬СͣЦ

ֻΪݬBǿķˣȴ֪ʱ˺ݺһٲ|Уصؽࡣ
ʹࡢãȻɬǰѰзţѪõطۡ
ôѹʼЦͣüȫöЦ⡣
Цۿĺ졣

-

ʱΧܰûκ졣
ЩԾߣܻô
ͻȻԼʵĹľ֮Уܿۡ
û뵽һۣײһ˫ЦĺС

ʱչͷʢС˯̫ˣʱܲ˴̼һˮɵģ¶

齱ߵ˵µĳӰ£ͶǳǳӰƺһҲ⡣
欲ŵĿ˿׵
޷ž¼ҩ޷뿪

ݬBƺǿеľ֮⣬ظ|°ͣ΢΢Цš
˴űָĴ꣬ĥɤƣ欶ȥģ

ΪԼζܳɹԼǱסӡ

ݬBЦҵģȥģ
欿޵滨᣺ȥҵˡ
|⻺ؾȥϵ飬Ϊε̾˿ƽ̹Сϣ㲻ѾҪˣ

欷ǳƹˤƣסۣˮ˳ָ⻬䣺ûкӣҸûлĺӡ
ֻ뿪Ļѣ
ݬBŹҰɣĲǰһһӶţصֻͱ˳ף˱ƵͶԾ

ݬB͵һһƬհףֻǱӲ˺ѣ۵

ո˵ʲô
㱻˱šͶԾ





33.  ѧ׷   Ѿҵˡ

ʮ

ݬB֪, Լһ졣
̫磬Ϊӷϴ

ϥԭӣ̫½֮, Ӳ̫ƽӹûĹǣ̫ס

̫½ΪʺΪ, ʺ󲢲ۻģҲϲֻǰ޲żʺĸȨ, ټ½ǳӣŲòΪ̫ӡ

ٲϲ̫ӣ̫ҲӲ, Ͼûв֮λ˵ü, ȴͻȻðһ˫ȫս, ̫൱߻½ƽ

½ƽֹ¹ĸ, ҵɽʥ׷Ĺ´󽫾֣̫Ӵ֮λܵв
̫ȻҪ½ƽδվȽŸжұ, жҲС

ʺ󽻺ã̫ӵ׹ĸλ᲻֪̫ӵ˼֪ӷǸ磬û뵽̫ƲԼױܸƽȥ

̫Ŀŵҩ, Ҫǿռ̫ҡ
һǣ֪Ծ뷽跨ϯ
ϧӹȴӲ˹أʹɴһҹ࣬һٴ

ǰڵģҹûܿסԼϵҪ
룬̫ϯգһѡظ
һģο֣ߣ޵ԶԶġ

һʼԼػһʱϲ
ɵɤͻŻŶݵСʱ֪үһӵЦ

үĻᣬȴڣƿС
ƿСҲһǰ䡣

ǵģĵһ죬裬˱ˮݴСﵽϴȴ֮ΨֲڿһʱͿ´£Ҫԭʱ֪үж̡

СǧټƵ뿪Ϊǰ̫̫ʧŻһӡ
δ룬ӵɾȻȫһ

ո˵ʲô
·Լ۾ɬʹ

ݬBΪǰʧȥµʣ֪ʣڲŸտʼ
ۿɺÿ£㱻˱š
ĸ֣˵ڣͷɬɤȫѹֵµɳƣͶԾ

ƭ
ΨһˣΪ˱𣬲ϧѣƭ

ݬB͵ƫͷȥ齱ߣŻһѪ
ðΣǱ̧֣ȥѪգٴֱ次

欵ʼն۾ϣ˿ûз˵״
ǣ֪ǱͶһȴһֻ뽫ߣӣˣǰ欴ˣұͲϲ㣬Ҳϲˣ߰ɣҲٱ˱Ծ

ʹൽ£ҲŲȥͻȻ͹ֱֱСҧ÷׵Ĵϡ
欶
ȫʧء

ȵ⧲䵽꣬͵һڷ֣ۿݬB

ҧΪѹ΢΢ضţԶ˶ȫǺڰ޷ʹ
ʧ˻ľżһ㣬ҪȴƽʱҪٶࡣ
ʶ㿪

Сɫ԰ףۿ΢죬˵齽䣬壬˫ϥһַ̬

Ҫ

ݬB΢
СǿҲĿ

Ҳ֪Ĳ֪ѵ˵״Σû취˼ֻ졢ֱ׵Ļʵ
Ҳ֪ǱƵģһֱΪͶԾġ

֪
欿ûЦǹܸ֪ˣ߰ɣ᯴Ѿ˵ϢҸ

У
᯴֣ݬB˲ӻججľ޴ʹѹ
УǣŵǳƽȴȻݣݸ룬ӾԲУͼ
˺֮󣬾͸һɱӣ

ԭݬB֪ԼǱͶ֮ĻķŹû뵽һ˽
ʼսԼ

欶ݬBֿԼοԵøС
˫ֽճȭϸֱ΢΢||ţһ֪ŵж

ݬBͣ¶ĬĿɫް
ΣͻȻֽקУǿƵӯӯһյϸü޵Ľա
ûƭ㣬ס
˱૵˵ڵĻΪңĶҲͬĺ·

һݬBɿȻֻǲͣһһ䵭ɫĺۣ޳ָĴҡ

лϸָŰס֡

Ϣ΢ңҧҧ´԰һᣬ۵֪֪ûƭҺȱ˵ҲΪ˺ҿġ
һƬڰ΢΢
ЩҶҪֻҪߣҺžۡ

ݬBס͵Цȴǰˡʹ࣬˿Ķþۡ
ҵģȥģ

仰Ѿ˵ֹһΡ

Ũ̵ܶ۽΢|ʼձۣǣӶҵĶ飬һӶ壬Ҫɣһߣҡ
£ɤɽϸȴʮֻּ취㣬иҸļͥ

ڱ

ݬB֪ڱԼȴ޷ǰһģܲ˵в
֪С￴ƺ۸һ£㲻ٶҡ
ǰ-˵취Զ뿪Լ

ݬBѾʧȥһΣΡ
ȻڶǼٵģʧȥĿ־ȴʵģ֮ȥġ
Ҷģļ
µ¡
᲻á

ݬBۿŻСָʪĴꡣ

С˫۽գϸĲ|ϣԼµĵۣƷ˿ҵ޺촽ʹƵļĵø֬ѩΪ͸ǳǳ糺졣

ȥƽʱ죬ƯȴȫǼ㲻ɶҡľ

ݬBͷ£ϸʹǱЦ欶ٸһλᣬһܰҵˡ

欳Ĭ£ӲҪư次
ݬBЦ
˭ڱ˭

ü۽ǿ|ѹ|ĵ⣬˹ķſºͣǸһӰҵ֮ǰȴߣֻҪҵˣ̷ߡ

欲˵
ݬBʢ͵齣ػصⲽɫ䲻ͷ
Σͣ½Ų񱻱ƵͶ·ޣʹı˱ۣмԭһˣҵ֮ǰҽڽӹ㡣

欻ǲ룬ھ뿪ȴȻ˱ʹĵЦⶼУ欶һͶòã±ǻһ𡣡

žۣѾļޣߣҲܣ

ݬBˡ
欸ղҪЮȨ֮ƣȻúûżˡ

֪ݬBѾǰǸݵ侲ȵĹˡ
ܽƵ̫
á

-

ʱҪٴҽŮѾаûĸ밲ˣʵĸý
᯸ڣʱһ᯷ڣֱ
ĸЦǰϲ˵ض࣬ġ

ʱ򴽣˸ʱǰ£ҽĸ밲֮ʱ룬ĸϥӣΨһŮִС̫ߣһҲףֻйŮ飬ʱ;Ӧøĸ

¹ĸСã˵ĸ׶ޣСͺá
ʱⷬĸȻʮ

ʱ룬ĸ֪˱ضҲܸˣĸ΢΢Цݣǻĸ취ûΪٹĴӴͻ飬ǾͲˡ

ʱɫףŵĶ˶ţҡУ

²Ը¹ûϸͻ飬¾Ͷͷĸʱ˽°ĸ¹ͻ顣

û뵽ĸֹϴӦԲὫ˵ȴһתͷȫ˵˳ȥ
ʱзߺޡ
ӺСǰͷˣ¹ԴԴ¼ҽõ̬ȫͬ
ĸ¼ҽðٰ۰ʲôҪ󣬶취ǡ
ÿѧĸĸȴǲ̲ǧ

ĸʱһС̵ϸߣ֪ղǷȫûȥ
ٹҵĴӣǰȷԴؾ֮󣬱ŷ»£ֹ˼ҹͨΪһҶײٹ

ĸ΢УѵŮǰݴż⾩ǣ˭ԣֻԲУ

᯼ĸɼ᯸ӣһ˳ģֻҪĸ˵Ǿ˵ʱ֪һ£ٲܸı䡣
ʱβʣҲֻʱС˼

ʱСʱΪĳЩԵɣΪ°߹
ʱĸΪŮѰ˲ûˣѰ֮󣬶ģʱʱͻجΣμŮǰ°ߣȴΪĳ

겻ֹҷһ򣬾Ҳ˴Ѱһʱ䣬ڽ˻
֮ĸʧõŮǧ˳ˤˣ»ˣȻʱýޱȣ޷졣

ҹ̫ĸ˵ʱݬB֮£ֻ̫΢΢Ц㲻ϲ޽Ҳ޷

ĸɷĻ㱻ЦüôУǼ֪֪ܼ޸ֻδ׾Ĵ黨ǲݵˣ

̫ɫ΢ЦݺȻЩã֪ˣ޾ͲޣٰʱɫõĶɾǡ
ĸԹֵĿһۣϸԹôŮĻôģһ˵Ůһ
̫οЦУ˼ˡ
Ӻ˯֮󣬲뿪Է鷿

鷿ڣվǰȺʱ


ӳ˵ͷҪڣ̫ȴֹ̧δѰ֮ǰҪǸ¡
ٴѰ֪֪䣬̫Ȼ֪
⼸꣬ΪѰ֪֪䣬˵ᡣ

Ů°죬ھǣ˹Ƥӵ¶Ūġ
˹ȻʮǸΣ뷽跨ҪֲǷûзѰ֪֪һȹһ̫꣬Ѿˡ

ǰ꣬˵Ѱ֪֪ҲǣʱĸΪŮѰˣ֪ж࿪ģŷһ

֮ĸĲָˡ
ǰʱ֪֪Ȼû˸Ҹ࣬ȴ֪ڵŮ֪֪
Ͼʱ|²̥ǣֻһ˰̣˵Ǳĥʱµġ

һҴˣ˵ĸȫ
ŮһͲɷ粻Żƴڣ˵֪֪ţֻҲ

Ӽװʹɫ΢΢һ

Դ欼ʧ֮ھͱݬBӵ˽լ次
ӿ˵һձһջҪ

ݬBǸӣȫڴߣԭ뽫ڽߣû뵽ȴҲԸ˵߲Űġ
ͽ£ֱոգڵȵݿӱ޴Ϣ

ףӵͷӻͳ壬ֵݵ̫ǰѾҵˡ

̫͵ػعͷضŽߵ塣
ȷβдˣ
Ӣѵ¶Цݣ巭˹ȥ޳ָͣ¶Ƶϡ
ģԼͷȷˡ֪֪֡

ݬB֪֪ͬ꣬꣬°ʱѾ꣬ǵо
ȻҲǵ¼ҵϵӵܲӵе壬ο֪֪Сλ

֪֪ԼĶ壬Сʱ֪֪ϲĶˣС˵ޣҪ塣
°գҲǲϸ׸籧ǵĶ籧ǣС

һ꣬꣬СʱƢã˹񣬶ø۰мӡ
˹Ҳ缺ǳϼף̫󣬾˳С޵⣬ֹ¼壬Ͽ֣ʹ˶ס

Ȼ¼ҷҲ֪֪֪껹СҲ˵ˣҪ֪֪󷴻ڣˣʱҲǿԼ

ָ̫΢飬Ŀ˳ŶָڵķȥȻ˼Сġ֪֪֡
ͫȴܿͻָƽҡͷ廹ǲ
˹껹Ҫٴϴڲȫȷ֮ǰԲš
̫֪ҲܲԲ֮ǰǰ㣬һʱϲóͷçײ¡

ӳƬ̣һβֹòϣҪǣǵԼС֪֪硢㣬|·µ̥ǣ壬䲻Ѱģӵķǰݿջ

֪欺֪֪ӵһ̥ʱʮȷֻ֪֪Ϊǰʧ󣬺ĸ״һ˾븸Ϊ˱ʮֽ
Ϊʮȷʱӵش󵨣˾˾˹һֱֶͬΣôѰ

̫硢㡱ʱ΢ȴܿͨҡͷ
ȱˣǲ˵˾ǣѪףһ֪
ӺȻĬ
̫üôˣ

ӻûݡ
̫ü΢ʲôݣֻҪ֪֪ԶҵŮ
欣ݬBеǸҡ
ʲô̫Ծü۸ŭ⡣

ĽͣСٹӼظԭݴߵѾߣݬB̫ӵĽӷϺȵǿռΪͨ뵱ݬBͨ뷽跨˳ȥû뵽ֱݬBץ˻ȥݬBӣɴͷ˼˽լڣҲȥ

Ȼδȷ欵Сǲ֪֪̫ӵĻͿը

λӣǿռѾߵͨգСﶼǧټƵˣȻô޳ֽץ˻ȥ
ץȥҲգȻ˵ɽ-
˵ǽݲؽ˵˽Խ-ݬBֱ

̫ԽüͷԽѵüشӣ˼ǣݬB׷ˣ
ӵͷǣйֵĶռȫǸӡ֮ǰԹ෨ӣ뿪ݬBȴʧܡ
̫㱻ЦҩԹˣ
ɫصص˵ͷԹˡ
̫ƿԣðβһȷǸӡ

ӣҲܴ˽ߣһͻֵ˾֪˾˵뷨ǣڲκ˷֪֪£һ֪֪֪ݬBͨңǩ
̫ϣ˾˴Щ£֪
ӰΣ˵鷳һ£ʱ欣Ҳ֪ݬBͨ

̫˼ĥʲô
²õģȷ欵Ĺ֪֪Һ˾Ի취
̫ҪģǽĴݬBߴߡ

ӴʵӻһֻһʹˣݬBܷܿøҲȷ֮ʲô¡
̫Բüʲôӣ
̧ű壺ŻݣΪ欳ˡ

-

һݬBԭһֻ뿪ǣԶ߸߷ɡ
ϱӸ׾ȻԼ̸֮ı⣬Ҳ޷ԭ¸ס
Ȼǰ׷Ѿ˼Ȣ欣ôһҪ취˹ȢŲС
ҲΪԸãС˺һİ

ݬBȷûƭ欣Ҳ½һ˵ϢϾʲô֪ȻΪѡ

Դ欼֮ҲԸ׽ݬB֪ԼһøǰһҵˣܵûСΡ
֮ǰôƣѾȫоȫͶѰϡ

Ϊ˾ҵˣݬB½ƽΪ˾޻Ӹ
Դ֮ÿǺһ˯ݬBѾ쵽ޡ
֪жһɱڣÿ춼롣
ô
ݬBһڣҲ
欶ԣһ䣬ֽȫסҪһеġ

գݬB½ƽۡȻڼʱͷȴͻȻһ궯

£
ʱݬB½ƽ鷿̸һЩ£ͷг½ƽ˽нʸ
Ǳˮˣյú˶ȥȻˡ
ǣݬB̾վҵϻȥС

õǼլӾǡ
ݬBͷȲܾˮ

½ƽǳֿѶǸ欵Сж΢΢ףá
ԭݬBԼȥ֪ΪΣºȻͷһ˲ָı⣬ݬBȥһˡ

½ƽºÿÿԼޱҵʱݬBһȥˡ





34.  ѧ׷   ɣ֪֪

ʮ

̫, ݬBȲֱǡ
½ƽճۡͷһ
ܴڶôԶʮ, 죬Ũ̹, ˶Ȼ

լӶˣңլӻС

ݬBǿҵĲ, Լɼ޳ָѾ߬ǽף΢΢

ʵڵһ۾Ϳķλġ
ܵ, ܵġ
ѾӦѰʱɵµġ
ǳ, ȴҲóС߶֮, ЦԶࡣ
ֱؼǸʰЦСˡ
ôĵ, żǰʱϻḡҸЦݡ

ݬBѾ̫ǵԼôϻլӵģֻǵãǸҸլۡ, һƬ죬Ũ̺ͻķլӶ֮С
جν˼䡣

ºϻͷǱվſڡ
ݬBѾЩ۵Ҫһ㣬ȴ԰, ٱᡣ
ϸģլʱլ䶼̫ƽףⷢ
ԲܵģԲܡ
ôܣ

ݬB֮ԥسԼһͰˮҲҪͷ壬ʱгһӰԻﻹ˸ˡ
ܿϳǵӰӡ

ݬBɿǰȷӻ˭Ѿµ𰸣ȴ˵Ŀڡ
ҡ

ϻɫȻҲʱϹƴȥ˵ģģǱȫڻҡ
ҪҵǸˡ
ݬBٿ֣˵
ڣ϶ѬںۼѾ˹ȥ

һ˲䣬·綼ݬBֻʣԼ

һ֣ûκ˼޷˵ת塣
ˣô㲻Ҫˣ
ݬBûȥ½ƽѾӺסһߴһ߽ϡ
ҹݹ£

ſݬBڵͬʱѾ½ƽҡ
κ¶ȣ¡ĺˮ˴ӹͷﶼ͸־ĺ⡣

ڵһڵ
Сһرϥǣڽ棬ĵԼ
ȥƽĴ
ݬBֻҪһ뵽жж຦¡жǰȻһƬڰ¡¡ؿ죬ԼѪҺʼ

ǰ˱ƵͶԾΪһҪôŬȥСһֱôŬ

£ҪǳȥˣҲ
½ƽŲݬBȥ

ϧݬBѰ˴סˡ
½ƽЩҲס
һܲˣӶҶ֣һҲҪ塣

½ƽҲ챻Ʒ衣
ݬBĶ֣ոȻϢֱң˲ʹ֡
½ƽǳݬBǱѴͲװõġ
ֿܳ϶ˡ

½ƽʹ죬̧ͷݬBޱȴģ͵ײ۵ס
˷ȫȺ죬ȫûʶԼڿޣǱֿ
½ƽһϣۿź

ǸսоҲ治ɫ侲ˣҷ磬˳ᢣݵˣʱȴôôؾ
ȫܲʧȥ欵ʹࡣ

½ƽûݬBģͷȻʹ̲ס𣺡񣬾ڽȥҲˣǴͷҲѾ
ڵҡ
΢Ƶɤʹൽµľ

㲻Ҫ𣡡½ƽ˿һƵҲͷ鲼亹ҧʹȥֱסݬBƴĽ

ݬBȻЦˡ
ȻҪ档

½ƽ˲ͱˤɳȥ
ںͷٹ˲ݬBȫȥ½ƽ
˵˲Ҫң

½ƽķݬBѾ嵽ſڣһ粽ҪͶ֮УͻȻһӰ£֮

½ƽ˷˭ôҪǰڴ˿

ֻһɫϰϰϵ崺ٶȣ˼塣
ݬBֱͷǷֲˣȻֻݲԱƾһ㣬ȿҺݡ
˽Уӷܲ͸磬˵ȴڰζ¥ȫ෴ݬBƵýڽڰˡ

֪Լϲ˶á
΢һӵһ˵ǰлҪת㡣
ݬBͣ¡

˵磬۵糸󣬡úûȥ
һֱֵӽΡ

-

ݬB˽լ˶ȻլվһȦһȦˡ
һŮźɴģòiɵ΢΢ʵ
֪֪ڿɰˣ
У͸ĵЦ⡣

ݬBԲ벻ΪѾ𺣵СһʼͲȺ֮У񣬲һе塣

ӽݬB֮½ƽӽס
ֱ½ƽݬBųԵ΢΢ͷġšˡ

ü۴ʱ⡣
һ뵽֪֪ȻݬBǻ쵰۸ôãͺ޲ӻʧûܽס֮Уˡ
ϧ֪֪̫ݬBԼľˣǵҪӷģ˵һֹݬB

欲ݬB
һֱ֪ûݬBǰһ³ضԶڸҡ
µġ

Դ֪Լػһ֮ʼվֻһԸҵˣúùӡ

߰ɡЦǣ֡
΢΢һʶҡҿԼߡ
شۣü۳޿κεЦ⣺ǸСʱҪûǣ֣ųҪұһʱûܸĵϰߡ


򴽣ܾ⻰է֮¼еôȥʹ˵ζء
̧ͷЩɵĿűԼӣҵĶ磿

Сźɴֻ¶һ˫ۣ˫ȻЩı䣬ȴСʱһ׺Ĺâġ
ǳƯ

һָֻƽʱı̧СͷЦţǡġ硣
֣ϧǰСһҲûв

欶ȫûӡ󣬵ǰѾ壬ϵȷС
ӳãڵƭ
һ뵽Լ磬㣬·ǻ̲סۣ͵Ц

С˫ҸЦڲס屻ЦȾ˹ɢͳɤ˼Цȥ˵Ҷڵ㡣
ٴǣ֡

欻Щϰߡ
ݬB⣬ô׽ĽӴӡ
һαİס֣Ӱʱ
ԭһ뵽Լ׸磬ַܿ

֮欻̲סڣйؼ˵£硭
ƺе㲻ϰߣ˵ЩŤ
ڶ̬ɢڣ˫һۣбʱȴЦ⡣
ţʲô֪ʲôʣҶ㡣

ʲôû˵ֻ˶磬ȴѲµͼ
ԼλĺøУʱӲ١
۾ģʢǣղ˵Ҷڵң֪˭

Գƣ΢΢üЩˬ
жǰʹڣôģ˵ݬBȡġ
Ȼʹ죬ȴ԰ɫû˵ʲô

˾˸㶼ڣԪӹظ֮Ҳ
欱ЩãȻ˭Ԫǣ
Цӵı֡
欵˵ͷڴûǰ᯴ˡ

øĿˡ˵
СãȻʢ
ģʵ̫ɰһͿ
ôɰ֪֪ôͻôʱ䣬Žһأ

ЦҲĸ硣
׵ġ

ԽԺˣ᯴Ҳҵĸ磿
һᯣһ¡
ôҵĸ磿


̫ɰˡ
̲סЦ

Ȼ֪λЦʲôĺܿġ
ȻȴſĵЦ
ļҵ֪֮󣬲Ҳôġ

ͻȻԼ·˶۹ţͷţġ
ûоôҸ

忴Ц˺һǿ֮ǰƴصĵǣ΢΢ֹ̧СıǼ⣺ģǶԣƽµһҪġ
欺ô׽ܿص

һɢЦ⣬֣صظһ飺ҪסӽԺ軼ûʧҲԷƱΪԶãҪġ

欻룬һиĸоĺҸһ
һůȻӿͷɢۿ̲סʪ
ӵ˵ĸо

ؿΣŷԼʧ̬ΪĵͷЦá

-

ฮˣȴūźҡ
˹Ȼȷ款֪֪Ϊ֪֪ǳһ縮ھͲκūͣԼĸҲ

֪֪Ѿ̫֮࣬󣬲ֹҶٳ԰࣬λڣ˵һ֪֪ѰԲܰί

֪֪°֮󣬲ûзѰҹ֪֪гһʱ䶼ûúعۣĵĸ͸˵ˣüû
еһλãҲܡ

Ͼ˴֪֪°ߵģ֪֪˵ǴŻܴ
ʱǹѣҲһһ޵û˯ãݣΪ֪֪°ߺͽһ£ѡ

Ƕʱǳ谮ԣôôѿģʼѻʳʡ
ʱһֱ꣬۵ҵ֪֪ղһЦ

ʱ˹ھУյϲֹҵ֪֪ѾͻظϢ֮ͣĸϻؾ

ؾ֮˺ܿͷ˲Ծ
벡ǲĸͬѰС޸Ͳ֪֪

Ȼߣʸȴüư̬ǿӲظǣѵ᯷˶һŮҪ޵İܿࣿ޽ͻȥ֮󣬲ֹ᯷˲ѸٺתҲָЦݣ˽Դϲ֮£кβף
ҵǸСǸס޸ĸĹŮصĻʲô鷳

ϣֻ밲׾Ҹ˸飬αһϵرĴѰ֪֪ôʱ֪֪Ѱָ֮Ǻã
ûúӴ֣̲סǰʵ

ϣҪôҲ볼һǣһУʱҵĻˣô񽻴˹긽͡
᯷˵С

Ѱ֮ǧ֣˵᯷˱˫ӣֻһײòԶҲ˵˫һдɷò͵С

ôί֪֪һͬ⣬ֻһŮ
ϡ˹Ҳͬ
۲ΪȻüľѳۣѲҪھȥ᯷ˣ˵ǸŮǸ𣿡

ĵ׵ķŭ˲䷭ӿ˺ڣ˫߬
˹ɫҲȥɫް

ºһЦλ䲻ؽţֻ˵к֣ܶû˵һҪһ֣᯸ŮȻǴ޵Ůܿ࣬Ȼ

˹ͱϲ٣ױס΢Цôѯʻкδ㣿
۳Ƭ̣޿Է
˲䱻Цϣھһɱ˳ˣ

ƺҲԼ̫ʣֲ᯼ŮܵĿ࣬˼Ƭ̧̣һѰ޻ŮԲܰί

ͲҪŮŮŲϡŮûйƣ뿪˵ʲôȴ˹ֹ̧
˹Цºͣôʱָ֪֪ΰţ

˵ʱҪ¼ҵŮ᯼ҵŮ޸ղ˵ˣɺܶ࣬벻Ҳ롣
£ЦҪ޵ŮҲǲɣģӦøѺ񩤩
ϣֵ֪֪Ϻ񰮣лϺ⡣

ĳײ֮ûжŭ
֪˴εľȷԵЩҲΪηŭ᯼СﵱԼŮֻüЦЦ

˹껹ة࣬Ҳ̫̫˲ǸС٣Ҳǹ˹ʮŵãǿ󣬼пʵ䷴ŭա

ΪãӵĲʱʱʼղҸ
һʼ׵ĸ߶ʵ࣬˹ҲδԼﺢйκ
ֻǶ֪δӵ㹻Ȩ֮ǰҲΪ֪֪βҲֻ̡ܶ
ҲôŬѾĻ˽ָʹ֮λ

ฮԭʮְֻ΢յǵײ˶ĵȴš
˹ͬλϵ̫ȴͻȻڣôû

Ӹ̫ǸСźʱظȴٳٵȲˣ̫Щĸꡣ
ӸݬBǸӣԲˡ

֪֪֮Ƣ͸ı࣬˹Ѿܶûë꣬ɵЦԪǴžһȥӵģڣԲκ⡣

ƺΪӡ֤˹Ļ˵һ룬ľžͱ˴ƿ
תͷſڣ̫ǲԾס

-

ȫû뵽Լᱻةฮ
Դӵ֪ҲԼĸ֮бһƬңฮȫ޷˼һããȻ״̬
˭ڸʲô

Сһɵģݸ̧һˣҪǰһ
ǻеЦ̫֮ԣ͵ػع˫ջȾһĨķۣæҡͷˣԼͺá

Цٶ

ɲҶСʲô
ҪҶ֪֪ʲôֹᱻȣܻܿᱻ֪֪׸ŵ׷ɱĸнݺѵʱ
;ÿ¡

ǰʱѾŵü˺
վſڣٳٲƿš
忴Ľ뺦£ҲֻһּΪϧĿ⿴£Ѿܾˡ

欻ǲҶ

崹ۿЦᣬǽڷ޳쵽ǰµĻǣҵ֡
ǵã֪֪°ߵ죬Ҳǣ֡
ʵ̫Сûѧ书û취Ѿһˣ۷κ£ƴȫȫ

欿ЩɣҸ𣿡
ۣ·ŵЦţܽΣԶĶ硣

һ·϶ģֻ̫ᣬе˲һɨգͻȻ
ţ磬ǽȥɣ
Цûǣ֣Լ֡

嵭ͣڰյ΢΢һ٣š

С̤ͬʱ˶ڿ
ۿ΢죬Цᣬ˹Ҳ΢΢ЦţĿͰ
̫ѾԾվ˲Ҳ˲ĶŴſ߽С

ĺ
ֹҲ

˹̫ǰ
ɢۣǣṴɣ֪֪ˡ

˹þòɵʧЦΣҪѪ𣿡
̫ع񣬾֮ܿ󣬾ʮȷԼŮȴԺ۵ͷҪ
Ĳ̫أκʧѾȷҲС

˹һ̾ºܿͽ׼õ߶˵ǰ

΢΢üҪѪ֪֪ôܱǸöʹҲͬ⣡
˹ЦڶӺԺݺһģ˭ʲôʸͬ⣿֡
Ķ磬һȻ
СѾŵҪŵ

ôһ֣̫뵽ŮҪһ룬ҲЩᣬʵ²ۣ

欿ǰòԼмƵӣ΢ϡ
ܶʱĳûǽ
վฮฮͶﶼЦº͵Ŀǰп׵ҪԼѪǰ²ۡ

ǰŽ»Ͷ価Ϣһݲס

欺ȻԼݬBһ졣
һ죬ݬB֪ԭô΢Ҳѡ
ͻȻ֪ҪԼ˵ԣۣǻΡ

£ۡ
ؿڡ

ڵ˽һ㶣˲佫ס֪֪˵ˣۣ˲ˣ
һҪ˭ұ룬Ҫ˭ƴģ

˹΢΢һæ̫
̫Ĭ£Ҳſ˹ꡣ
ĿཻƬ̣һЦղ

˹곯°˰֡
ЦĽˮ뼰ϸߡ
̫ǰ΢΢ͷű廤СЦã֪֪µĻǾͲҪˡ

欴㵵Ŀǰˣۿ𽥺ģ

ޣޡ̫΢΢һ˵ô۵𣿡
֪֪¡ҲתӣûţѾŸɾӣȥ᲻ֹС
»Ҳǰ
˹ȻȴҲλǰĵĿ

款ԼΣŵĿΧߵŮŮ
ֹסȿֺӿ˳Ҫίйһ㣬ǰȫ⡣

ְ˽ŵĺ˺һСֹסᡣ
欴ûбôΧźҲûô˽Ĺ
²һʱԴЩκ
ǻΡ

ҲԼ̫֮ŮฮŮΡ

ʲôɫ΢ף̫Щʣ̫˻ү
̫ôԼ˲Цá
˹˹꣬ף

欺ȻٶȽ촽ոն£־ͻȻס
֪ںʲô΢΢Ц֪֪£Ƕ˵ġ

˹΢΢ףǣ˵֮ǻýһˡ
λߣѽȣ۴Ӧ£û





35.  ѧ׷   ݬB֪ڿޡ

ʮ

ΪʲôҪ
欲û, ǰݬBҲ˹еġԲݬB򵥡

˹̫Կһ, ͬʱ΢΢һ̾ӹʹࡣ
̫Ȼصͷͬʱ, ˹Ѿڣһ渵

һֱΪԼǱģո, Ҳĸ֪֮Լļ󣬿϶ʱ̫С, ԼǴˡ
һ׼ȴҲ벻, Լ㸴ӡ
欲ɵôá

һƬž˶ص

ðΣ欲̧ͷ, ˹, ءСؿڣة˸˵
˹ЦεؾôֱӺҾ˾˱ǡ

Ȼ˶ˣ欻Ǿһ̫ʵ
ǰǸԼ֮Ůʱ, ȻǱǿĸǸСޡ

ָ΢飬˹𽥼ӿ죬ã˱ۣ¶ʲôġ
˾˸ո˵Ҳ᯼Ů, ʱ䣬ֻǵʱΪֹĸײԲ͵᯸ģ
˹ɫصص˵ͷԲ𣬵㸸׵֪֮󣬶ǳŭҪǵʱǶֻ塢ƷС٣ʵ΢ᡭ

̫ʹʱ΢ᣬ̫ܣ֪ᣬ֪ǸӲ㣬ȴĸ벻һٴ

ʮһյΪһ̵ĥܽ˱Ʒ衣
ЩθУ˹ĸԸضòѰСӦֹİݡ

֪֪ǵԲ㣬Ҳ֪ΣҲ޷ıʵҪôңҶκԹԣʲôҪ󣬵ᾡܵ㡣

ȻһЦ
ױ΢ͯʱʲô඼ԹȨжԵ

ǰΪݬBԼ䲻ŻὫСԺҲȥŻһؾͼ뽫ˡ
֮Ϊ뿪ݬB£ֱݬBһе壬桢Ҫġ˷ףݬBԼȷĵġ
ϲԼںԼ

ֻǰһʼ֪סһؾ뽫ߣԵ߻̫𽥽ţҲԽԽ࣬Ϊ̫κ⣬̫ʧȥ𽥼ˡ

ķˣȴҲɷϣȷѾ˼뱣һ裬վûܻסԼ

ĸ˾Ҳһôеءء뷽跨ѰԼҲ벻ԼƴʱϾȻרȨ=á

ںǵ뷨ֻΪһЦǿӲءرǽŮѾѰʵ

ڵǰֺγǺЩǰһСֱ΢
ģƴ뾡취λ˳ȨҨ죬õҲ޷ǣ⽫κ˵Ūڹ֮䡣

ΪССʱ̫֪࣬ԼҪʲôҲԹ˸ı䲻κ£ΨһܸıֻԼ̬

վݬBٰݵĽʱﻹǻһСƢģݬBʱڡ

ЦЦ˹˵й֮
˾˸ո˵뵱᯼ҵŮ¼ҵŮ𣿡
̫͵̧ͷؿиУ֪˵ʲôЦ𽥿ɬ

˹ݬBͬһˣ˼ܣڲչɫ֮ˣҲµС˵ʲô
΢΢һЦǣⱲӣպˣҲԶҵŮ

欴ôмҪϣ˾˺͡
ͻȻ£΢΢٣Сȴִ޷εϲãϣ˾˺͵ܴӦ

ܽţҲе㺦£ʵЩ˷Ŷ˵ĻںԼƯ
ֻΪΣǲòô

һ̫ʵҲǻԼȡ֣̫̰ģЩ⡣
ǰڣ֪ԼҪʲôһֱ֪
ֻǳΣЩҲΪʱ˵

Ȼò뿪ݬBòϣǰǰίȫ
ǲĽԼǸϰҵġŮôҲܽаڴԼ뿪ûʶԼĵط¿ʼ

˶ԺҪȫǰϲݬBݬBҲȫ
ݬBҪףҲûҪߡ
С޿ԣҪľǺúûȥ

˵̫ɫȻ

ֽץסָָڷףһʱңٰصңûа취᯼ƽദҪ¼ҵŮ

˹΢΢ףá
̫ʹرۡ
Ƥ˵ʲôվʲôҲû˵

ڶҲ次

ݬBȡ֡
ʱʮ꣬ȴѽжȣϲŭɫ
ܴЦݣȴʵЦ⡣

欵ڶǵԼȡʱѵһЦ⡣

ݬBȡ죬ҷ꣬ű͵ɡȥһա
磬տɫٴθּ䵭İƣѤĲʺʱݬBȻ˵Ѿ֡

Ժͽ次˵ϣƶһɣҲɽҰĻǰҡҷ欣ܷ紵Ȼǿػš
˵ʲôȴóԼȡʱǴʵصЦ

˹¶ɫϾٹģĻ¡
̫ҲԪ˵ݴ쳣ִţòݣĻ϶ܿͻ֪û

Щ欵Ȼ֪
ЦЦݬBΪ߻½ƽ֣ҾõȵΪŮֻҪһݣܿͻ½ƽе֪Ҹû

˹껹ǲͬãȱˣµҲ֪ʲôӦҲв˼ģҪ֪ݬBͨ

˰Һϲ֣һ汻ΪŮҲϳҡ

ϲݬBȡָ֣ԣм塣
Ȼ֪֪֪ԼСʱСϾܾûôˣ֮˶֪֪һжúİҲܲ

̫Ů˼֣˵вɵ΢΢졣

ԭΪ֪֪Сô࣬ǵǵѾߣ󻹱ǿռΪͨȳΪңܿǸΨΨŵŵûԭС

û뵽С￴ȻǵСЩȴԼԭ֪ԼҪʲô
֪Լĸ̫̫˾ة࣬Ҳûйں»ڱ΢ʲô뷨˵

̫Ŀ⸴ӵĿŮ
˹Ƭ̣ǣ֣ͽ欿ɺãһǿԽ֪֪Ҳܺ欶欣Σ

˼ܿصͷЦãԺҾͽ次

̫ʣ֪֪ɻʲô˵ģ
У˵᯷ˡ

̫Ĭ£ôʣԴ㱻°֮һ󲡣֮еǲ壬ǰΪҵ㣬Ǹﲢ㣬֮Ĳظˣһֱʱ䵱㡣

̫أһᰲǼ棬ֻѹ

ѹ
£ȻԼһҲѹ
ΪһֱΪԼǱĹϵ⡢ʧ׼
СʱЩܳ谮ƬΣ̫ʹĻ룬ļ˾ôģСͲ

欿̫Ц£ģҲѹΪʹʱѾˡ
̫ͻȻͺۡ

ûпѾͷԹԵһһҪ˵

˹ҲܣС̶һ仰ͽЩίȫ
ԶԼԤлҪҪǿ
̫޸ĸѾߣȻҲŵĴҹ㣬ȴǴСܹýʫСұ
ģ

óСЩʵչ˵úܺã˹ο
֪֪˵ʲô˵

ԥ£̧ͷˣСһ㣬еȡ֡

ݬBãʵҲѧ˲٣׺νΪ׺νʱʾ

С΢΢ͷϸ磬˫Ѿյ÷ףһ֪ŵж̲סۣҪ

̫ھΣŮС΢͸ˣ֪֪˵¡

˾ԺԲҪʱฮҲ뿴

˹Ц£Ȼԡ
ң˹꿴ɤʮºͣⲻȡ֡

֪ҵ֮˹ѾŮе֪ʱ֮£ȻΪЩҪ

˵ԼŮôΪŮһУʹ˸᯼ҽ¶Թڵ״ȫͬ
ô꣬ô࣬ʱȴ˵λãٻ󣬾˵ӽҲʱǰǶ֡

ҲͨҪȸʱй£һʱ֪֪󣬶ʱҲи
ϧ̫»̼Ȱѡʲô˵

˹÷ĿദΪѣ첻ټ֣ʼղΪǶԵġ
֪֪ΪûܻסŻᱻ°ߣȻ֪֪ѡŮôȻýŮһף÷ί

У˹ЦøĿˡ
欵ıЩã
ҵŮúҾ˾ˣúҵ

ŮջҪ˵̫ͻȻе㲻ˬ
ʲô
˹ЦŮȻúɡ

̫ôһ֮ҲŮԼһ¡
ѵܶҲҵĸŮ
˹겻ΪȻĿ欣Цʣ欶Σ

˹Լĳƺ΢΢һĵع
ͻȻ֣Լĺˡ
ֹиĸֳվԼߣԼ缺ľ˾ˡ
欳Ĭ£̧ͷ̫
СգգۣһΪѣɣʱ֪

̫ƿԣ׺νҵ˵

欿Ц̲סЦ
ʵ֪֪ŷҪǣţô°ߵľͼ

ҲǶ֪֮¡
֪֪ΣȻ׺Ͷô֪֪˿֪֪࣬òѰȻϣ֪֪һ˳죬Ϊá

-

ǣ߻Ӹ

½ƽʹݬBظ˴鿴ơ
̫ҽ̫ҽһѯôˣҪݬB´۶УôݬBҪܷ
½ƽһϣɻԲԣ廨ŵݬBζӳ¡
ԴѲӪݬBһؾ½ƽ֪Ϊ欣ûˣȫݬBΡ

£ĹͷûжϣӦˤʱײԹͷЩˣֻҪľúù̶ԼĪһºָܻ˵

½ƽ˿
ûϾͺãҪǶˣϳĲø۽

ȥ֮½ƽҲȥԡû뵽ԡ֮󣬱ڴϵݬBѲټֻʣ±ϵ
أ½ƽƤ̽ͷ˽
˶˵ûݽ
½ƽٿǰһڡ

ܳ뵽ݬBͨסġ
½ƽ˱ǡ
ݬBȥĵطֻһ

Ȼ½ƽϵʱݬB͸һһƬƴšѰʲô˫Ŀ죬

½ƽۿһȣǰס֣ˣҲġ
˵ͷôҲͱճ˻ҡ

ݬBûһ룬˦֣ݺݽƿظŸղŵĶ
ڵҡ
ҪȥС
˵ͬʱ
Ӿڣȴܣжѹ
϶ΪˣûУûС

ûУǰҲûС

Ҫ֪׻ƭ϶Ὣһ˹ھǣ϶취뾩ǰ֪ͨ½ƽҪ˽ߣúû
û

ˣĴˣ֪ԼסǶҡˡ
СֻΪǰһֻ븴֪еĴڲһ㣬ȴҲ֪ԼĶҲѽȢţޡ
ίһؾСͤͤݕi֪Լýߣ򳤾ȥһ̲ס뽫ΪУٲߡ

֪Լ֪ʱӦòһнߣκԥŶԡ
֪ȴ֪ΪԼһʱ죬Ȼó֣ʱˡ
͸òܲ˵Ľ߲Ŷԣ֮ҲΪܾί

ΪүػһΪ֪ԼģΪǰֻΪжЦΪֲСΪʲô
ΪʲôֲĻ᣿
ΪʲôҪһνߣ
ΪʲôΪʲô

ݬB֪ڿޣӿµһһڱں̿ľϡ
С
Զ޷ܺòʧõıٴ뿪Լʵ

˶֪СΨһĹ⡣
ʱʱΨһһ⣬ôǿůãͲ֪жҪ

½ƽ˵״ΣߵߣֿЦģܵ͸

ݬBòˣǫͣ崺湫ӣȴ㡣

½ƽͷᣬЩǱƫͷȥҵ̧ĨĨ۽ǡ

ݬBʧȥ޷˼½ƽûС
½ƽٷݬBȥҼݬBС
ݬBôȥָͻعܲˣһ

ûΪκúõĻͻȻ𣿡½ƽ侲Сع۲ݬBĶ
ݬB£նʧ˫ĿָֻܿһƬڰ
С

㲻˵ԴΪ֮ͨ󣬾һֱӣ뿪𣿡
½ƽһһ˵
Ϊ뿪㣬ϧҩ
ݬBѰĶЩ

½ƽ߽жլðģ϶լ⣬䶼̫ƽףžһⷢ
˴ˮǳΣȻΪģѵ㲻𣿡

ݬBͣ¶̧ͷ
½ƽٴǰ欿϶û£Ӳܻôպøϵôøպãǰھȳ

ݬBնɺ𽥻ָ
һУضľ֣ΪľҪţѾ
½ƽסļ磺欿϶ûͱˣû
ңھȥ̽䡣
ǻȥɡ





36.  ѧ׷   ׼⹫䡾˫

ʮ

½ƽƭ, ڽݬBȰ˻ȥ
ʵҲȷ欵׻ûлţղЩҲںߵġ

ݬBԳܲʧȥ欵Ĵ, ½ƽû취ֻһҧ欻š

, ݬBʼպܰʱʱЦӣûκα, ΢΢ķȫǲ¶ȵĮ¶͸һϢ

½ƽѾܾûмݬB⸱ģ, ϾݬBСԼ
ʵݬBΪλˣǵڰʦؾ·, ݬBԼ˵ʲô

ʱݬBǳ侲ţ˵, ԻʺĸҺΪ, ϼҲС
֮˴˾ϻأָӵݣûôӭȢ, ҪҪ׼

½ƽȻȥ¾˵ҪҲ

ݬBֻ΢΢Цսϣʱɱһ˿ʤɱ
½ƽԥɱ
ݬBʣôΪ˱, Ϊ˽ɽἸ˿ӮΪβ᣿
ϴλи֮ʣϣᡣ
ݬB˵üе½ƽȴȥѲܣ

½ƽǵãʱݬBĬ£ȴܿﴽ΢Цܡ

½ƽΪȻֱؾݬB˴̽δƷõĺѧӡ
˵ҪСһδСѾͷѰöɼˡ
ūͶóݬB欲ͬ½ƽ͸˵ˣһֱΪϲѾͷ
ݬB΢Цţˬ̹Уϲ
ϲ㻹Ҫɫ½ƽţˣ
ݬBЦɫһ侲۵ȴһĨ΢ɲǱ

½ƽع͸΢¹⣬ڶݬB
еȻѾɺԣһ˫ȴɺÿ£ѹ֪ĺӡ
ɫ԰ףִ

½ƽ̲סʣѵҪΪǸ欵Сʮ̣δѪ𣿡

ݬBŨŨľ⣬ͳ䵭š
ǰΪһҷݸ飬õʲô

ɻǵһǰ޵
½ƽĿ⸴ӣ룬ѲݬBʮһζѹڿԼʱ̱ǣԼƵ̫ѹֵ˼ޣҲƲסˣ

ǵá
ݬBĬƬ̣ٿڣȫǿɬҺˡ
½ƽȰݬBȴѾۣ£ˡ

һпɵкβ᣿

-

ա

½ƽһ˳ȥĴ̽й欵Ϣĸţ춼δأÿǵ˶ϸϸ̲顣

ݬB֮ҹķѲȥ侲࣬ޱ飬ģЩ}ˡ

½ƽЩͷۣһ˻ģǰ߱
һ㣬ƺҪñ˷ƽЦһЦ

ݬBƤǳϵĳ΢Ц
˵Цȴƽʱǰᣬ紺磬͸һɭֲ
նϴɭȻ⣬΢΢ĴʮֽӲȻɢһֲ̬ȴ˿ëȻ

ܳ㻹ǱЦˣ
½ƽæֹ̧ЦȥҴˣЦͲҪǿԼ

Ϣ𣿡ݬB˲ֱǣޱ飬ü
Ѿ˸ӣܿͻϢ
ݬB֪ʲôΣתҪߡ
侲㣬ԽʱԽɴݾߡ½ƽ̽£ﲻ֪ݬBʲô
ݬBھǸǵķӣûа취ǰ侲˼һУ϶ҪȥӴܣ׷䡣

ô飬Ծ¶Ҫ뿪㣬ѵ㶼ûΪʲô𣿡

벻ͨ
½ƽƿԣϾȻݬB벻ͨ£

˵ˣҲӦһӰѰˣȥϡ
½ƽ˵ͷ֮أ
ףȢΪޡ
½ƽͻȻеϢеǸСͨΪʲôһֻˡ

½ƽĬãôʣֿڣҼǵã㽫׽֮󣬾Ͱ˹լҲȥ
ӡ
½ƽʵͦݬB
СͨһγǰݬBֹûɣɳĴɽˮȴΣתͷӡ
ϾݬBȣݬB׽֮ܣɣʵ֮顣

һ㣬ʵ벻ͨ

˵ŪҩҪݣ֮ǰ֮䷢ʲô£
Сͨôҵķʽ
ݬB뵽ʲôͻȻͲ˵ˣĬá

½ƽ˽һӣݬBڣüٴ׷ʣҪκ
ݬBֳĬ˺һŽɽռ欱سЩһֲ©渵

½ƽɫأ˦ӿȡ
ʵеǰ侲ȵֿѣȻЩ¡

Σ½ƽݬBһѾҴ֪ΪʲôҪˣ˵ŶҵˣӸһ¼Ϊ϶ѡڽսͳǣһڳڡ

ǣ½ƽߣǿӲذסļ磬ôڿ϶ΪˣʱȥӣֻǷɽģпҵ

ݬBŨī΢΢΢ĴǶ˼ʵЦ⣺û
ԣ϶ţ½ƽ˵ûˣֻһҧţҵ֮ǰ㶼ȥӣѾ֪欻û

ݬBʱˮˣ˼ľƴץ
½ƽĻǷǳȷ欻ţĹ衣

վԭأã·˺ݺ˺ѳƬ࣬ƴջԭ״Σٴθܵ
˵ѸٵػָƯ˫Цֿġ
á

-

ฮ

˹һˮ©ںܾ֮ǰѾ׼ԺӣרΪ֪֪׼Ժӣʱ룬֪֪պҪฮǻص᯸Ϊ׼䡣

һ˵Ҫ¼Ů˹ʹ׼õԺӡ

Ժ÷ǳãֹиСͤŲȴ侫µĳ￪˺ɻֱݬBķԷй֮޲

¼欿ˣЦϲҵԼ๤ģŮɶû
ɴۣ㡭
òӡȫͬ˵Ϊ졣
뵱뾩ʱӰߵѾһģһ

½һЦˣ㻹֪ҵĹɣҽ£ԺԽҳ㡣
岢˵Ĺȫɻ
죬ģĵЦ

ǱѾ߽ѵġ

ฮȻ֪ΪθͻȻ˸˹׿ڽŮǶ˫ãκ˶õ

˹Ȼû˵Ϊʲôԭ򣬸ôŽ˽ӻ⿴סڵةԼ๤ָĸѾߡӸźฮ˾֪жȻҵ

ԣĸѾԼĪʮ塢ֱ꣬д÷񣬴ա
һѾΧźϴʱ˻Щ㱡
ֱЦӯӯĹһ鵽ţŲòţյһжʵġ
ҵˡ
򴽣ȫѹƲסǡ

·Ѿڣ֮˹ҲûȢû檣ฮһдСӺܾǰʼһƹܡ
˸ţǱ˵̫á

˹ʣû˯ãɫЩ̫һʼΪ⣬Ͼ֪֪Ÿϻ
ֱ̫˼Ϊ㲣žЩ֡
̫һ欣˲ͺۣ֣ȴһҲ˵

˹ԣ̽ǸŮ˴鷿
ϧ鷿̫֮ɲһ

ЩؿڣΪ˵Ҫ¼ҵŮôѹ𣿡
̫ȻѹȴҲûˡ
֡

̫ŮĻһһ˵ĿɬĿǡ
̧ͷ˹꣬أھͽɡ

-

֪֪ʧô꣬ѰָһȻ̲ݻ
˹һͽ¡
Сһˣ΢΢һüЦ˵֪ͨ¹ϲ¡

°䣬㼴̴޵ĿظҪЩɶǣýϽǸС
۶£ղ˵ʲôţ
˹۵ӹһĨŭ⣬΢Ц次
΢΢üô᯼ңҪ¼ҵŮ

˹Цºͣȴ΢΢䣬͸ż͸ĺ⣺欶ʱݹڱ΢ʱ

ϣ欶᯸ʱһݵطݡٻ󱾸öģȴƽȮۣ˵ٵ᯼ҵŮѵҪȥǡ᯴ɫ

ԭϲõЦȻ˼Ρ

Լһбѷֺкܳһʱ䶼䲻ȣ֤պ֪֪Ѱ󣬾Ի٣ֲЩܵĿ࣬ٴβһЦ

ЦЦѾˣʱȻ취°Ͳصġ
ͱ˵ˣҪѹ

˹΢΢Цţŭȴȫ޷ѹ֣£˫ֽճȭָס

Ȼ˹ûü¹£¹ŷʱɫȴʮ㲣һ˫Ư۲Ҳ̶ã׵Ŵңʹ޹

ôˣС
˹괹ףĿбӡ
ֻҹجΡ¹ЦǿɫŵĴ֪֪أ֪֪ģ
鷿ֳֻӰϸʧ

ֻ˶ﻹ˵Ǹ֪֪С׷ʣʲôجð޵ô

¹Ĭ£Ư۽θԹŭμ֪֪ʱ裬ֹЦǸ裬֪֪Ϊ
ɫ䣬ȫǷŭ˱ƵͶԾ

ͫɫЩ죬ðβŻعæλˣûû£֪֪õúܣֳ
¹ﻹᣬģ۲ᣬʧЦǾֻǸΣκʵ෴ģھͷԸ񲿣׼⹫֮񣬴޵Ů幫޿˭۸

˹õĻٿ̧ͷ侲ȫε𾪡
ú֮ҲƵΡ
ԭΪԼֻ˼ҹΣû뵽þȻҲεˡ
˹ɫɿسɫް

᲻ᣬ¹һ˫ۿ޵úף̲ͷĴߴ˹ظ˽

¹ֻҪһ뵽ǸΣֱε͸֪֪ˣʱҪô죿
΢΢Ǹ̫ʵʵþͺ

˽ɤȻݺŭģǼΪÿ۲ɵԳ
Ƭ̣˵᯸ʱ

-

᯸

ʱر磬ǰջΪĸϴƲֵȫڲסĵЦݡ
ĸϲ̵ģʧЦʵʲôôģ
ʱ΢΢̧°ͣЦŮ˸Ρ
ĸ棺ʲôΣ
ʱЦݲãĸ׷ʾǲ˵

֪ĸϲٹĴӣȻɵɵظĸ˸ʹޱȵΡ

ֹ欵ǸСͨеݺһ٣μԼҪݬBףֹˣСͨܲסͶԾˡ
ȻֻǸΣĺ顣
ʱһָо±͸ŶԣݬBǸ欵Ѿ߳ͷ
ǸСͨ͸ô΢ǡ

ʱ䱾鼫ã˵˵ټԼ鲻ɵøˡ
Σ̲ס룬ĪĸȻͷܾԼȴˣڻǰ˵˺ûݬBĴͻ飿

ʱԽԽпܣ򴽣ܿ쳯ߵѾʹʹ
ǰ˽С̫ᣬװĺɰȫЦ΢΢ʵ֪᯴ʲôСģ
֪˴λҽΪ£

С̫㶣ЦСĲ̫
ʱЦݶʱЩ
С̫ŭˣΪѵü뵽ʲôС빬ǰ˵ϷԸ׼⹫һ¡

ʱ£ôû˵ĸУ
С̫ζЦЦȷûй˲ӣɻϷԸ֮ⲻ𣿡
ʱ£ŵĵɴۣͷӿϿϲ˸ɰȥ

ĸӲãÿѵʱ䲻࣬һͨҪС˯üΣղźʱһ£ӱƣ벻ѻط˯¡
ӱæ̫֪ΪΣһͲӰ
ʱѯˣֻ˵̫븮ʱɫʮʹӲʣȴ̫ҽҲû˵Ҫȥġ
ֻֻһˣС̫

-

˹һǰѾԸ׼ΣԵٻظʱѻʮʽװϺõĺɵģΪϸȴûй෱ƣؾֲʧׯ

Ůһɫȹĵñ˪ѩļ԰覣ơī㷢˫ƽ٣׺ĴСķɫٺ黨ϹһԳǶ챦ʯ׹

ʣδʩ죬Ҳ㹻ޣ˵㵭ױǳĵ;µԽ

ĺ񡣡˹겻ɵ̾
帽ͣȷĸ

˹Щţ뵽СüԴȴ欣ýţӽ˿㡣
׼øһ𣿡

欵ָ΢΢
ʼվһԲһ̫Ȼǰǣ֣˹С

֪֪Ī£ĸǵ࣬ĸǹܳ谮Ĺ̫̫绹߻ָʹٹãʥյŮĹ£˸㡣

ؿǰԼףȴ治ɫԳɵˣвٸн
ͬʱ̫УԼҪŮʱĲʧ䣬ֻиʹࡣ

ͷ΢ȴʾͱ˹
Ͼǻټùλ̫á

ҪӼĲֹһˣͬʱټʱ䣬ʺ鷿
˹ٴδ欽ʱ˱쵽ĵů
˸߽ů󣬾ͷŮӵЦ
ЦЩϤʶ߬еӡ

ͷȻʱ¹ߣЦݲõظ˵ʲô¹ޱ飬۾΢΢ţȥЩĲɡ
߸ߵضλؿ˶
ֱ˽ŽĿƵ˹ϡ

ʱԭ鼫ѣ欸ž˾һʱɫ˲ͱˣеıյЩûסҪڻǰ
ŭֲŵؿ欣еӣʢ˵ôֵطȴڵһԣ޷
ʱҧгݣȴƽعͷ¹˵ʲôȴȻһ

¹ĿתĿŸֳߵŮòֹסٴӿ
Ȼ͸ﱻͶ֪֪һģһ

ʱ˳¹߿ȥĿٴλصŲףױݷζϡ
ͣһ˲ͻȻӿһǿҵĲ





37.  ѧ׷   欲᯸Ĵ󡭡

ʮ

˹ǰ, 밲Ų次

ȻһĴҹ㣬ССͽϸĹϰ, СʱݬBǸϰֵġ

ټϽǰ, ģְֵĽ񣬸˵, ʱָ˵ʲô欴ʱ밲ĶȻЩ̬ȴ, ʮֱ׼

Ů欲μϣμ, ԸϹ򸣽𰲡

ʱ䱾Ͳõɫ欵ָѿ㡣
ո˵ʲô欣
ʱûͷӿŷŭһĪĿ־, ָ߬, ǽڷס

ۿǰΪֹһ˿СĿο΢ЦͺãЩίˡ
ˣϽ۴һ, С̫İΣ˹꼰¡

С̫հںӣ˵Ųߡ
֣Цºͣ޺úһơ

ȻܽţһĶҪͷ, ȴҲ飬ܿͲС鲽¡
¹Ŀʼδ뿪

϶ǣʱʱеķŭ˲쭵ߵ㡣
Ҳ಻סɫݵǰظ˸ϣŮô֪˾˻иŮ

ۼʱͨ죬ȴѹ̵ģѾ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
Ŀ¹ϣ˫ӯᣬģȻһһۡ
ʱǰѾ¹֤¦ԼͱģȻʰԻúýһ¡

ջĿ⣬ٿʱʱ˼ֲ͡ȴֻζЦ£㲻֪¿ɻš

ʱҧҧʵеӣϼȻô˵ˣҲ˵ʲô
Ȼ֪ôΪ˾˵ŮģǲҪ˾ҪҲôŽ˽ӻ
ң¸Σ˾ǻ֪ԼŮݬBͨһ֪ġ

˾˲⣬ʱֻҪίˣͨͱȥ˾֪٣˾ҲݲܿͻὫߡ
ԲκλᣬฮŮȥӽݬB

ʱḧޱ䣬ӹһĨ⡣
οϽԼΪ˲⹫һ£òΪ欻欵Ѿͷڻǰʧ̬
һ룬ʱʱ泩֣˹ŵػصλϡ

û뵽۵һȴǺݺݴһεĶ⡣

뿪ฮ޿˵Ѵ̣ҲŵһѰˣ޾ͻΪŮ㸸Ů˽Ϊ˸㡣
ۿ次
޷ѾԸ׼ܿͻΪй֮񣬼޵幫ķţҲѾãͽг֣պҴĳֹ

Ȼ׼ô˵ɲܿصһ
æ֣˸ߵл

ʱǱݺһ£ĤˡĲͣš
̧ͷߺ޵ؿڻʵߵ欣ȫǼʡš
ҪŮҪ⹫Ǹ˲Լ欣
ôܣϷ𣿣
ƾʲôƾʲô

ʱǱ˴ͷһͰˮһлȫ޷˼ˢһվٴǰ

ϣΪŮǰһ£Ůһ
µĿʱ䣺ʲô£

ϣĪҪƭˣ澵ָ欣ֻٹһСѾߣֽ欣ʲô次ôǾ˾˵Ů϶˴˾˲ŻϴˡŮݴӴӽϼСߵСؤݴӵͨ

ʱ佹ؿϣϣʱȻ֪ôһ£ǧҪƭһСͨŮŮһʵϣ죬պȷŮݣҲ٣򲻿ͷΪ

¹һһ澣Ͳȥİ𣺡ˣʱڻǰԲѷʮ

⾩˭˲֪ʱ᯷˵飬˭ãһ᯷˾Ҫƴ£˵ǰգ˶֪
ңղ᯴ﻹ¹ߣǵغĸůźĹէȻ¹һ˲䶼ɵˡ

һʱȫ֪Ǻá

ʱǻһŵĿ¹ĸ˵ʲôʱʱԲѷǩ
¹зӿݣǰʱʢ˵ģ˵ǡвıϡ

¹ĵȻһѽ͵ļ˷ŭӿŭǷմ
֪֪ľʹ࣬Ŀ֮ԺС

ôôɣ֪֪Ѱǰһ죬μЩ£
ǿ϶ͨΣͨβ֮ôǿҵĸܡ
Դ֪֪°֮Ҳû֪֪˲ǰ֪֪һޣ

οЩǼ٣ǰȴʵ
¹ŭڣȴǺ
ʱ䣬ֻһͷ
ôңô֪֪
ʱͻ˹ǰô֪֪˵޷պǿĵطʱֻζԴ֪֪

΢֪֪۸ģ¹ֽű䣬

ʱǰǼѿڶǰ͵̧֣ݺ˦һơ

һȥ¹|۵˲ͺ
ǽһۣüûĻʱʮʲôԵģѵŹٴζ֣
ʢѪյĵΪһЦֶδֱһŮǿϷ򸾣ֶΣȻҲº͵ȥ

ʱܿͱ̫ȥʮٱʱȫʵᣬն׵ˡ

ʱ䱻ȥʱŵòҶɫ԰ס
һֱ֪ȨжԵȴû뵽϶ʱȻ飬κι˼ɡ

˵ݬBüá
ǰʱЩŮ鷳뵽׹˼ݬBЩŮȻ˵һЩĻȴҲûҶֶš
΢΢ź˫ֲĽţʼմһ

ʱ䰤˴ѧˣֻίĿ¹
ȻȻװίǴСƵı˳ţ̫ҴϼʱҲǺͰЦš
ʱ˵ûߵĶ˺ţʱܹᱻȫǲزסķߺ뼵ʡ
ĸղʱ䵽һ仰˵ˣҪʱ䣬Ҳʱ֪Լ˵ʲô

ۺȻҡͷһЦȻ޷졣
¹ͷϣĿص֪֪ڽǰ°֮ʱʱߣǻһУͶҽǿ˸Ů㣬ڴˣ

˹΢΢һ̾ϣ꼴̫úýŮÿҪ֣С޶ŶΣ᲻Կ࣬һֹ̫̣ܽһ޶ϵв̫´̼Ĳ飬ְţܲ޷죬ʢˣ

ˣ¼һһڹ
˵˵ȥĴ
ͷ۵طŶ̾޵Ĵȷ޵ĴҲôٻϸδҲ御
ڵϵʱ䣺֪֪Ҳһˣӽ޾ͻָƽݡ

ʱ죬벻ʣתΪ㵣Ϊ־塣
ʲôŮ˭ǹŮʲô֪֪Ѿһˣ
ɴۣۣѾ͸ŲҪָ˭ƽݣ
Ѿµʲôȴƴϡ

ܵģܵġ
᯸ŮΪαϻ֮£
ʱͷȻңŵ˹ǰ˾ˣĸлϵ˵ʲô

˹걾ҲʱЩ֪úԼͬΣַʱоֹм޶֮һͬҲ֮ɢ

ڣ޹Ĵ欣ŮñȻҲֻ
ͬʱ䣬ôɶһ˺

˹ڶ̶ʮھʹһƷСةλãȻޱȹϣɱԷֵػ
ܿͽʵʱ䡣
Ҳ˵ˣЩ᯼Ҳûп̫Ҳ뷽跨ʱСĸ׹ֳԼ̫Ŀģ׵ŭ

欲᯸Ĵ֪֪
˹ɫ
㣬ǻΪֹĸһƷЩ᯼ҵһУˣȻýԭһУ

ʱɫɷףҡҡ׹
Ҳšȫ޷ܣһҡͷһᡣ
ǳܲס޴Ĵ㣬ɫȻ
ģҲҪΪʲôҪֲԸ᯸ģҶ˽ʮŮҲŮ

˫Ŀ죬ԹؿڻʵߣŻ欣ݬBͨѾףǻʧ׵Ůܵܵ᯸

ʱСûгԹ࣬ǰ˼ģǱ˹ġ
Ȼû취ԭֻСѾߡСͨ欣Ȼޱȵ᯸ʵ
ԼֻǻʵĹŮ

欴Ĭ
ͷβû̧ͷʱһۡ

ʱǲ¡
Сͱؤѣܾ¿
ǰʱ裬ЩСԱͼʣʱ--ذ˳ʹѹҲ
ǰΪݱ΢ͶԾĸ

ʱ䣬ֹСʳȱ谮ٻ󣬻᯸
ʱһ֪Ͳڵ֪Լ֮󣬻ܶ˵ղһЩ

ΣЦЦ
ʱķӦ⣬᯼ҴݣĸƽؽԼϷ򸾵Ůǲ֡

ʱʹ޹Ѿ侲
ûһ欣𺣬Цҵҵ᯴Ǿˮˮǰ̣£һȫ֪

ڳĶǴˣʱ仰ев֮⡣
¹˲ͱЦ˹ɫ
۳Ĭ£Щţвޣ

ʱᣬ΢΢һŮңŮϾ޹ģϵȻȥ᯼ңҲѡŮԿ˵ٹƽ

ƽЦ£΢˼ĥʲô
û˼̫ã̧ۣܿʱЦɣͰ˵ģ᯴úõģƽµĵ޺°Ů

¹̳ϣôɣ﹫ƽˣ
˹꿴ۣɫްһ
ô˵ˣҲôʹôꡣ
λ߸ϵĵǰ˵ġģһУûʲôƽ򲻹ƽ

񰲸¹תͷѯ欣˰ţֿɾί
ʱŵĿ次
ͬͣŵþҪ
ˣŮĶȴ˹أϵİžõİţŮί

΢ۣϵ¶⣺øĿˡ
΢΢һ
Ц޵幫Ȼú޸ʡ

欻ǵ۸ղ˽ʱȥʱģж£𣺡Ů̿֡
Щ뼸ʵЦ⣬ֵҲգ޲㣬֮ٸĿڱǡ
ɡ
л϶˻ȥ

ʱ仹ȴȫǵ⡣
ˣղ᯴ܾˣͰƣѹѹ
¹۵ӹһĨȣŭüģչ
˹΢΢Ŀһ̾

ʱϴ;ƣδĵȴȻӿһĻ֣̿˲ΡΡڵأ

΢Ц᯴ʲôǱѹƣٽģҪڹ⣬Ҫκ̫ĸ׽

Цݷǳºͣʱĵȴӿһɾ޴Ŀ־壬ʼԼղſڲԶԻ˵Щ
ǳŮһʱͿŮŮԸӻһаţָƽݡ
ŮԲ̰ˣĳŮһ

ʱ䲻ͣؿͷʱѾžƺƱǰ

ʱ䲻ͣķŶͿ챻־гűһһµ
ЦΣľֻѹƣ˺£޼ȻӦŮȻ
ʱ仹ǲҶ

ȥЦ⣬ʵѲɻҪΪƣſϺȣ
ʱĸң̺µƱ
ۣ˫ֶǰдľȫϡ
Ƶζ䲻ôúȣȥȴûеľʹ͡

ѵľֻѹƣ
ʱͣĴ

ƶˣٺһɡ˵
ڶʱû˺£ȻȵüΪˬ졣

ʱһĹϵȻʧϻ֪֪ĺ£ܿͽȫߣֻ˵¼ҸŮ

欻ص¸ϣЩؿڣϴ͸᯴Ǳƣֻѹ𣿡
˹ĬƬ̣ҡҡͷ
˲ëȻµ磺ǡʲôƣ
˹΢΢һ̾ʱԸԳľơ
Ը᯸һӵĴһӵķˡ

˾ڴʲôգġһ˹ȴٿڡ

һͷص᯸ϵʱ䣬ʱȫȫ
ղΪԼŭգҪԼû뵽ľֻͨѹơ
ֹˣϻĴӦҪ
ʱÿ΢ۿͷĲõ⣬аٰ⡣

ѾϺ款ˮˮ¶֪欵ģ˵Ҳ˵ʱ欵ݬBͨ£ܿͻ᲻ֶߣصġ

ʱĵ⣬Ƿǰ˲СţܿӿһŨŨ⣬Ժ˯˹ȥ
ص᯸ʱһرѾǲĴ˸Ƿʹ£̫ظûȴٿػһ˽ԭء

Ѿ߼ʱͻȻͣ£ֵŲӣæʵôˣﲻ
ʱ죬ƴ˵ʲôȴһҲ˵
عƿѾǣǰһȥĸǰ߿ȴֽ

⵽ô£
ʱ亦¼ˣڼˣȴʹ

ôˣ
ʱͻȻ£Ѿְ˽ŵĽ˽ס־ּغϽȥȥ֪̫ͨӣ

-

۽մĵطԸ׼䣬׼Ůһ£ܿڹﴫ
ֹ˺ԺɵĶУǴ˻ʺڻӹ
¹Ȼص½ƽ밲ҪŮŮ˫õ£޿ɱش½ƽС

½ƽƽʱΪ÷û˵и˫á
ܿƷеĲԾ

½ƽͣĸϻظݬB¡

˵ʲô
һ侲ݬBȻǰʱʱЦȴʮ侲
һ½ƽ欵Ϣ˲ʧȥľ޴Уȫѹ

˵欺ܾܿǱ˾˾˸ϻŮฮ





38.  ѧ׷   ͣ񼵶ʡ

ʮ

˹Ů
ݬB΢, ۵ӿϲ
ģš

½ƽ⼸ΪݬBĴ, ۵òûע⵽ݬB˫
̽ӻر, ŽϻһʹŽʥλ֡
½ƽ, ̧ݬBгЦЦͽ次

ݬBȴҸϲõǳЦ
ʧûã¼ҾͶ˸Ů, Ůֻͬи次֣Ͼûôɵ¡

ԭСͨһѰҵļ, ¼ңֲӻһ١ٶĳְ
½ƽü΢»ЩΡ

ݬBȲȥฮ

½ƽ, סļ硣
˵, λݣûô򵥡
ݬBؿƯü𽥻ָյºͣ¶ʡ
ֻЦ
ۼ欻֮ǰ, ޷ġ

֪пܻţĵĿ־ȴûκ
һգ졢جν˼ĳ粻֪Ժݹٱ飬һһεؽ˺飬ĥ

ฮĵŮ, ˹δĵٸ£˵ײڷСŮѾӻؼУฮ¶֪λĵȷȷŮֹˡ

½ƽüأսϾΪŮþҪй䡣


ݬBƵĳָ΢飬ͷ

֪½ƽ˵ʲô
½ƽ˵ô࣬޷ǾҪѾǵǸ޿ֻС
ڵݱλٹӻҪǷղպд񣬷֮ˡ

Ǹ޾ףü޾µˣɷСû취
Ҳֹֻһˡ

ݬBô룬ĿھƱиľʹ
ֽű䣬׹Ԩ

-

˹껹ҪԽͻฮֳ֮ȥ
欻صฮͱ÷ĸѾ߼ǴӵŽ
ǰݬBȻѾӸ̵ûôһʱ֮䣬Щϰߡ

ֹϰߣ类ฮҲܲϰߡ

Ϊ棬ΪݬB𺣣ڲԼΣղ֮С
Ȼʱȥƽµؽ˾˳ıŨǺιȥ˯죬˹
ʱڷӾȻΪչһҹûظԼãζӳ£Ҫ̣ϣฮ

ڼȻףƽʱϲ;ЩŹŮǴ򽻵岢죬᳤겻ڸе¡
ԭЩԼóȻã¼΢ʣû뵽ǵ֪ΨһĹֿѺ󣬲ͣѯйСʱ¡

ӸѡŮʱԭЩλ¹δ룬Ͳ⡣

ֹˣڿ欱һѾǴӵŻظǿʯ

ڣ
һڣЦӭȥ
ҲЦݣı

һװ磬ȫЦȸõתȦȦأĺһ磬Ҳ㶼Ҫϲˡ
Ϊ򴽣۾ȴѾЦˡ

˶ˣ£æǰڻ̫ãһʱûܳס˹ȥʲôһŻڲʵһֱǣ㣬Ҳһֱҵˡ

Ҳ֪ӾȻ欵׸硣

ӿŻױݾµ欣}˵ĺѵøᡣ
ǧ˵ѡ¼ŮҲԶӵáԺݬBӵܣֻҪϲģ޷˵ǰЩˡ

ֻ΢´ءšһ

ڼ֮Ͳ˵һѾûбĻ˵
ӻǲƯĽü΢˼ʲô
欶кøУ֪Լֳĵ׵ϲø˵
֪ԼͲЦһģͲ⡣

û뵽ҪڻصԺ˵һЩü强ʱͻȻ֣Сּͷ
⼸һסฮһңصġ

Ӵڿе֪Сߣһһǳƣܿջ֡
ʵСʱҲ֪֪ͷΪ֪֪ǲĹϵ졣

ʱ֪֪Ȼ࣬ڳȴǼΪ
Ҳ⸱ɽԼֻжģЦá

΢΢һֳƺʵȡ
ͷȻʹһůĸоҲйеİȴůҸ
Ůգ͸һĨκ졣

ԺͻȻʲôǳģ
ԼСʱԼȷ磬˴硢⣬һ磬Сͺ֡

欿ӣЩȷС˵ţСڣҲġ
΢ĮʣͽЦ⣬Ȼֻǵ

ڼֱҪ뿪ฮʱ̲סӣǰһúܣôԼǰôϧ𡣡

űֻΣ㲻˵ߣͻȻôˣ϶ϰߡ

ڲؿû뵽᯴Ҳϸᡣ
ޱ飬ȴ˵ֱ׳Ȼá
һ

һص᯸Ǳ㽹ǰӲˣˡ
̫񶼻ûظĸ˯û˸ҳһūͼӻظ翴ɵ

һѵ۰д£ʲôֶ֪ʱΪˡ
֪ĺȴҲû뵽ֱӴʱƣ

ʱûˣü΢Ը˭´˶У˵Ѿ˯£ҽߣһɴʮ壬ٷӡ
ƱȻǽָʹȻû˸ΥĻ

̫Żظظʱȵģ
һӣ֣ĵʣԪμʲôǲҲε֪֪˱Ͷˣ˵Ҳεˣֹ֣˵¹ҲƵΡ

üû̫ȴ˵նɷ¡
ҿ֪֪ҶԲ֪֪
̫ãȻʹࡣ
ͻȻ͵

ڻԲѣһҹδߣʲôΡ

ʱĸѾȻʱ˯£ȴҪŮ
һݣʱϣһ˫ȴôģֹģ¾ͽŵس˹ȥ
ϧôȰʱɶҲֻޣ飬ģʮǱﻹֺģ

ĸֺֻ£̫ظˣ̳˳ȥɷŮ£Щ
Ӳãߡ˸ѾߣټԺﱾеС˻ԺΧ˵һū͡
ĸ̫Ů˲ôڣǰۡ

ֻ̫Ҫһ뵽Ǹξ絶ĸڱտȫʱ䣬ҲͲסץļͷĴ𣺡ʱ䲻֪֪
ǵŮֻǵѰĹŮ

ĸ͵һֽŷ䣬ֹ̫˵ȥ̫ȴȫᡣ
ЩҶ´̼㣬Զǰ˵Щ£ǴģǴģΪҵųΪӱܣŮ˱Ͷˣ

̫ʵȫȻԱ߻ʮڣͲܲ˵˵һС
ʶֹ
̧һ룬ȴĬĬ˻ȥ

˶پƣ˵˵ʲôĸһҲš
Һ˵˵̫ȻЦЦᣬ߿ޱҡͷ
ʱԼǣû̥ǣ֪ˣǵŮǸٵģ

ؽʮܣٴι̫--˵˳
᯸˷׷״ףõľҴ

ĸӱܰס䣬Ʈ
̫֣ۿҸ㣬ҪߣҪ͵ϵׯӣǵŮ֪֪Ѿһˡ

ĸһ𣬲ŵؿ

ҪǵŮ
̫ЦϵıȴΪʹࡣ
Ը˹ŮҲϵǵŮ֪Ϊʲô֪

̫ǲ֮꣬ĸǰģǿģȵһж򲻵һ㡣ĸһӶûɷ޹ȴύ£ʹֱ

Ϊ֪֪ʱǸСˤˣ»ˣıŮʱ䣬һеЦǸûûû˰Сؤ

ʮһյʹ࣬ĥ̫ΣѹһݣƵ޷˽ֻ˼Ӹܡ
һ˵ͣ

ĸ촽һ
֪ɷǼ٣ȴܿͳܲסȥ

-

ฮ

֪Ǿ仰˼ݬBֶΣǳݬBж
½ƽ϶Ѿ֪¼ϻŮϢݬBΪȷţضǧټһ档
ݬBƫִĶռп⼸վͻҹ̽ฮ

欵һγʱ¾ߣۼݬBķ
˵֪֮Ϊ˻ؾϧһײ½ƽϣҹ׷ջͷˡ
֪ฮҲڵ
Щ컹һ˯ա˵

ฮȻ䱸ɭȻţ欲صع
¼ٰѾʱ款ͶΪ棬ȻᷴԺʹ㼷һŴ

ΪҪݣҪװѾ߻ҳǣ
欸ԡֻ꣬һ£Өļ͸ǳǳķۺɫһŶ쵰ˮܽأˮƯò˼顣

ºϵرĴߣˣȴҲòϣ欵ȷԼһǲɶõˡ

һ˫ĿɣȴִŴ΢΢̣۽üҾͶ͸

Ǵҹׯ󷽣ȫ̸ţģЦ۾С£ׯ͸ſɰ

ͻȻЩգöƯɸǺá

ԪǼȷ֪֪
̲ס̧欵໣Ȼ͸һ֣мѡ
֪Щһֱ㣬ҲһֱϵĽ㽻ˣҪҪѾ߸㡣

û뵽ôͲµݡ
ϵرţһɾӿͷѾ۴ͷȻЩ
˲ѹ
°ֱۣʾڡ

-

ݬBҹ̽ฮ
½ƽȻֹûá
ݬBڿȻƽʱ죬ȴԾǸΪ欿Բһеķӡ

ٹƷС٣ۡǽ䱸ɭȻһ֮£֮ϵĹฮۡ

½ƽֹˣݬB£ֻӡ
ô¹ĶӣûκѪԵϵ˹ϵľ˾ˡ
Ҫʲô£ڣ˹˾˺ôῴ¹ϣŹݬB

˵ݬB֣ȷǿڲҹ̽ฮ
¶ûŵĻ
½ƽ䲻ݬBһȣɾͲԶۺֵܣֻվฮΧǽš
û뵽ݬBԾΧǽûã½ƽཻײ

½ƽĵˣ˵ȥ
ҪݬBŷϣݬBĲֹ¼ҹӣȻҲڡ

ݬB֣òµĻǸв书ֻûƵص¶塣
Ͼı֣ݲȵĿǴ
½ƽô²

ݬB˼ֳĹϵֲҪǰ
֪жںˣ˺ˡ
ǲݬB飬ۣ롣

¾ڲԶ۲ǣѾ˴˺һ
ͷû£˯ȴСڲ֪ʱҲ˹ļͷ

ЦΣ
ָ΢飬ĿЩ
˳߿ȥһϮ׽ۣͦΣ޳׵ϡ

¹£ӸԲ԰ףһֱߵıѪɫ΢΢ķһ⣬βɺο
ݬBƯðһĺȥǳǣҲ欼УǸӡ

˫Ư˫Щףǿ޹

欳ĬĿš
Ȼ͸ŵЩ΢Ľţ֮⣬ȴ
ȷģܲϲǶѾȥˡ

ϲ̫ˡ
ݬBĿռʵ̫ǿңǿҵϢ
ûа취ҲֱƵĸо

ġ
֪ǱݬBģݬB˵˵ǾҲΪ
Ѿ£ݽ绹ˣֱ̫أҪ˴ɲзϡ

»䣬款ǹеģ𣺡֪ݴ󽫾˴ҹ̽ฮкιɣ

ݬBѣͳɤĳ͸ѹƵµֻ欶һ棬ȷƽ¼ɡ

ɢĴۣЦײСͼ£⼸ӲкתǰղŽӻؾݴϴˡ

ݬBѵָףѹʲô
ðΣֿڣ֪ûǲ÷Ѿ˼קš
ƤֱؿӣΪȿƶ|Ҽһ档

ӲΪȻ˵ˣۿġ

ݬBͫ𽥱ڰռݣʹ֮ɫؿţĵ׷ӿҲѹֲסķŭ档
ٴ׼Ӳ۽ȴȻƳĨСӰ
ݬBסһʱҪô˫˲ָ
ʶ뿿

ȴ˿κνӽĻᣬԥأٴζ

欽ǰݬBѾ޷˼ǰֳк塣
Ǳü֣½ƽȴһǰ
ֻһ棬ฮڣѲܶʲô

½ƽ˵ͬʱݬBѺݺ|ڡ
⧲ŻһѪ
΢ƫһŲȿգֱֱˤȥ

ɫ΢䣬ǰ鿴
欽ںɫͬš
硣ǰѾۣǻ˹ȥ
꣬ݬBҲأǰ

欶ݬB֣뽫קػУȴһǰ
˫ȭڳսơ

ݬBֶˣæݬBѾҵĶ磬ҪǸҴ㣬ⱲӶԭ㡣
ݬBסֱַۣ

͵ߣҵóӣСѪա
ʱŮֻĶ磬Լһ𣬾һҲû
ҲǸֻСѾͷ
Ҳǡ

ݬB˫ȭգֳҲͣ񼵶ʡ

ߣ|ϸ鿴塣
ΣӺӹһĨ΢ɲЦ⡣
û¡

ŷ
û¾ͺãֿط

ݬBӵĳƺǱһͰˮͷ䵽š
ոպʲô
Ϊʲô֣

欻󣬴һĨЦΪҲ׸磬ǲ᯼Ĵ

½ƽ㶣ʱأ
ӿһۣǻΪĸһЦǿǵģǧ𡣡

ݬBԴհһ˲Ǳ˺ݺݴһ⣬Ĥ졣
죬˵ʲôȴһҲ˵
ĿǱ룬һһģͣ£޾ʹĵӿ

ϱӵʲô
ʲô

ݬB|һӿһĨӿϺͷ³һѪ





39.  ѧ׷   ݬBһϣֽڡ


ʮ

񣡡½ƽת۾͵ݬB, ȥھͻȥ
ݬBҳɳսܹСС, ½ƽȻ֪ΪͻȻѪȴ˿С

欶, ݬBȴӿűӻ欣Ų, ý飬Բ𣬶Բ𡭡
۽΢΢|, Ƶò󻰣Ĳ֪

ݬB˵ûͷûβ˶˵ʲô, ֻˡ
ΪǰǸ

ǰΪȨƣһѡ᯼, ʱס
ȻֻȨ֮, Ȩ֮ƣȴٲ֮ء
ΪΪÿ¶˳ᢣ, ȴһʼǸ

ϱӵʲô
ôܸȡһеʱף
һʼûҪȢʱ䣬Ҳ޷ԭԼ

ݬBһ뵽ǰ䣬ܵ۵Ķһһ顣
ûڣʹü޷

û뵽ڵ֪Լ᯼Ů֮󣬻ἤѪ
вɵһ˿ҡ

֪Լʱ, ûֹݬBһʼͲԭ»ԭ¡
㣬Щܡ

ɷϣݬB֮󣬾뾡취ֲ뾡취á
ǰҪݣǰҪ飬޵׵ĳ谮
ʱ򣬲Ա˺ãԷһҪܡ

ݬBЩΪվϣʵǣĶãͬʱҲΪԼùһ㣬ΪԼǸΡ

õͬʱɽģһɡ
Ըܣ⴦ĥ

һһأӺ籩꣬ÿһζҪƷһ㣬ɳƶֵͳı˵Բ뿪Լ

ֱ˫ͫɢӨѩļۺ죬ǱеĽȸٲӲ

ָֻ߬ƱĵһŹֺţһһϸʣſǻظĻ

款Բ뿪ӡ
ֻйӡ
ֻϲӡ
һ˵ġ

һһı֤˹ãڸԸŹ
ȷãҪľԵĳ

ϲݬBҪݬBԴ
Ҫķ}˵Ķռ

ҪģģǸ£ȴǿϲµꡣ

ǰδͶɳǰ˺ԶҼģˣҲñǸӡ

˿˳ݬBǰ
ŮɢŵϤ㣬ݬBʶǰ
ȴٿغһĿࣺأ款Ҫˡ

ݬBһϣֽڰգҶ
ð죬Ż࣬Ӳ˵ߡ
΢΢βɺ죬͸Ŵ΢ɲ뱰΢

΢Щ졣

½ƽʶݬBô꣬ûֿ˵ôǰĴ
֪ݬBԵúܳףѾҩɾȡ
Ŷԣҩġ

½ƽźۼĿ次
ݬBҩ
ԽҲԽѣҲʹ˵ٲԨ

欴ӺСʱ򣬾ͲΪεҶûûʱkǴδЩٱ΢󡣡

欿۾ЦЦݺᣬҲģͺǰÿһο

ֱ꣬ӵһ̣欲Ը⿪ʼţ׺νҸ

ĻۿͻȻЩǱƫͷ
ӴĿ˫߬
ݬB˫ȭգԼ벻ܲ˳ȥݺеĳ嶯

кܳһʱ䣬ǰеǰΨһ˵

ӸղҪԭ㣬ɲǰǰЩѶ͵ض£ǰʲôҴûк޹㣬ֻǾúʧ

СһûݬBýѣǼκʹ༰С

ʧ֣һУݺݴĿڣ۵ɫףǰһ󷢺ڣδܹʹ࣬ǵû
۵

ĻʧԶȱ޻Ҫǧ򱶡

ֻǲϲİԵ벻㲻ϲҳţҾͲܳţ㲻ϲ˿ңҾ͵ýԼܲ͸硣ֻʱŴţҲȥ

欺ȻЦ¡
ЦôᣬȴԵ䵭

ݽǸСѾͷǰվ𺣣ฮûҪҵˡҵֽ欣˫ã׼£ղŸջؾҲʶ㣬Ҳû㡣

ݽΪҵ룬ĪҪ£˵һЩĻҪٽٲ֮ء

һ˵꣬תͷҲص˵밢ݽ߻ӳմҽһ󣬾ͣæһգҹĪҪ

µ䣬Ц㣬һ齫ȥòã
̧֣ǱĨĨۡ
Цţ׼欺ʱӺȻǰһŻԲѵ塣

ֱӽĺ󱳣£ǰһƣԼط
תͷ欵û£Ҵǣͻȥúðһ

ؿ˲ѹ壬𾪵˵

¶£ԭЩѹӣȻɭЦݣҧгݵĺһ壡

û뵽ӻôӣۣЦ޹ǣҽ͡
˵ͬʱͷҲأɵˡ

Ҫͣʲôܣ¾վסܻ׷ȥ

欿ϽԶȥıӰͻȻ֣ƺûȥôԡ
ǰ֪ΣһʼֻΪݬB࣬Ǹּĵˡ
ãƺбҪú˽һ¶С

ݬBЦ䣬ͬȥ¼ҽܣݺһ

ҧѪۿɼٶȱѪĿֲõЦա
ԭ˿࣬ٴ

ֻҪһ뵽欺еĶ磬ãҪ衣
ֹˣԺ󻹻ΪЦݣǼʵü

ݬBǰЦһƵúܺãϲŭɫȴҲû
едϣ欵һһǣš

ϲ˵ʹ嵶ݬBô׵ĽַϣȻŹ

ݬB۵׵ʹ뼵ʣĹ˹ʧԼ˺ߵûϵ

ݬBɫҰף΢Ρ

½ƽɫ˲Ͳη᯴͡
ߣ
קקݬBݬBȴʧ˻һ㣬Ҳ

½ƽɸֵı˱ۣݬBߣĵȰóл㣬ֻ֮ǰЩ£̫ˣҲ֮顣

Ҫǣڻúûţ㳣˵۹÷ųԶһ㣬Щ£輱һʱڽƵԽֻ㡣

½ƽò׽Ȱߣȴ̧ݬBȥıӰ
ɫް˼

-

̫᯸һū͵淢Ʒ裬˾ܣ¿˵ҳһš

˾̫ƺԲţȴҲ˾̫û˵ѡ

Ϊ᯴ӽ̫úú󣬾ȻûһټҪǹܺԼ͡

ȻֻǸеĴӣ̫ͽ᯸һн

Уô̫ĻȻһҲûҹ¹ȥ˵仰ҲûС

ʲô
̫־ʵʱĲ᯼ҵ⣡

᯸ʹһЩūͣȻǵʮǰ°һ£ʱʧ˽һ꣬űϵѰ˻

û뵽ϸûҵˣֻǿһС޻

Ӷû·Ȼ׾ʹ˳ȥ

һʼǴƽʱ佻õЩŮУûãŮȦѸٵش

Ҫ֪ʱСǸʢ˵ǰǼɵļɵ᯸ֹиة˾ˣиĸȻû˸

֪᯼⣬̫ҪԶͽϣЩﱻ۸Ϳ˳۵ĹŮŹᡣ

ʱ䲢̫Ů£ܿͲֹڹŮȦܿھǸǵйʺ

һգǹڣ̫ǡǰʺ밲

̫½㣬˹ûϾĿȴҲǵþǾ

ʮߣкüλ檣̫֮λȴδ

պλʺǰѯպͻϵЩŮǣûе⣬û̫ȴ֮ˡ

̫갲󣬺λʺûмſ˵ͻ£֪̫շֵ

̫Ϊλʺ׾Ͳûϳ谮ȴλʺʮ׽

λʺȻ˵üΪȴһ֪ĸ˵ʲô

̫΢΢Цʱ̫Ů£񴫵˾֪Ȼ֪ο

в豭һڣЦĸ͸߹ʱϢβͨҲѡΪ̫

λʺʮȴˣȻ¹ǰ˫ȴҲ˿µĺۼɶׯ

ҡͷЦѵ֮⣬̫Ӿûԣ
̫ɫ΢˹ķв豭ĸ˵ฮλ

λʺ󰲾ĿЦݺͰڵ˵ȥ
ŸҪΪŮΪֹ
λʺЦЦֹˣ˴λ幫Ҫ¹ϥ¡

̫۵ƫӹһĨ⡣
λʺһ̾ѵ̫ӾͲãкο֮

̫΢ȷ֣ңΪ᯷ϵĲô꣬ôͻȻ̲ˣҲû˵廹и˫á

зɿһͷĸ˵λʵ᯼ʧٶŮ

λʺЦԴϧԭǰǹһƣϧ㸸һʼͽй֮ǰ˽ټ

̫ЦʵǱý
ֱͱǸС䳤½ƽһģһ
˵Ǹʵ׹⣬ֻǰĸӼϵŹĿ˵Ů

λʺÿɷЦ£ְ̧˰޽ǣʱ˵ͻһ¡
Щζ

֪ĸĪӣ̫ĵ˵Ȼĸ¼λ˺棬ͽͻǡ
λʺĵ˵ͷһԹ欵֡

ĸ£ݶʹ˸ˡ
̫֪λʺʲôǸ̫֮λǸ塣

λʺƿ̫ǿ̫ӴСͲϲڹеĵλ˵ȫλʺ֡

Сʱ򣬺λʺĿûôأӴ󣬺λʺƿأʼ

ԭӦֵ̫ѡҲΪͻȻ˸Ůա

ֻ̫Ҫһ뵽ȻԼ̫ûа취λʺ⣬бһ벻ݡ

ˣ̫ȥǰλʺͻȻڣ˵¹λˣʱǰȥ԰Ҳлһ档

̫ӾÿЦӦͷҲص˳ǹ

-



۵ߴ£ݱ׼䣬ԭһµ׼ʱ䣬ӲǱӲߵֻʣʮ졣

ʮڣҪѧǹʵ٣¹ʱ
ʱڶů˵Ļʼ¹ȥ
ΪԷһ׿ѯ欣ֻƾʱЩԼҲ²⡣

û뵽¹ʣѾ½ƽʱȻֹһˡ

½ƽ壬Ц˵Լһ֮󣬾һֱһ棬ĸһòĸӦֶɣ

欴˴νû˹ߣȴҲ

¹ЦЦ½ƽһֲۣźۼ壺֮ⲻھơ

¹ȡЦݺݵĵ½ƽһۡ
½ƽε˼磬˦ȵԣܿ¹üŪۣ˵ĪҲ֮С

ŲͷʱСˡ

ûд½ƽüĿ飬ɵ̿
ܿһ¡
ǰûм޸½ƽǽ˶̫

欼Զ½ƽ⣬ܿףǰ϶Ը붫ġ

½ƽһԼϵãʲô£¹ҲֻΪǽܱ˴ˡ

½ƽڣ¹ҲݬB£ֻݲ£ǻȥ

֪½ƽղǾ䡰֮Сָʲô뿪ʱ׼

û뵽ǣ԰ǵģݬB̫ӵ¡

½ƽ͸Ǻͷ̫ӳ֣ЦȻ䣬Ŀȴ˲١

ʺŹŮٰͻһ£֪Ҳ֪ǲһͻ磬˵ͻʵ̫ɫ̫

壬ڵһյˡ

̫һʼλʺĻ԰ֱ뿪ǹǰλʺߵ˵˾䣬¶ƺҲˣָı⡣

뿴ˣԭ壬ֱλģȻŪֵСѾߣòһޡ

欣̫ӿ欣۵׾ǲ˼š

̫żȥٹ欻ǹѾʱȻû²ᵽ뿪Էʱ̫ӾȼżȻġ

СѾ޾Цָɾ̫Ӽһ۾ͼסģ
عû죬ְݷóСѾҪߡ

룬Ȼܾ˵ݬBߵˣݬBϣ





40.  ѧ׷   ˶ɱˡ˫

ʮ

欵ݬB, 
̫ӵ¾ͱЦ

һ̫ӣڹڻϻʺǰգȻڹ, ҪһݵͼѾߣҲû취
ʵЦ

̫ӱλʺ, ô̫ӣ½Ҫģûеò
ֻҪݬBаѱ, 欵СѾϸҲø
ݬBȫ֪ԼȻδؾô̫ӼǺϡ

̫΢, ˼Ŀٴλصǰϡ

СǳǳĻȣС, ģס
һϮɫȹ쾡µعճ, ͸, ˡ
˫ĴۣĿǸɾҪȥֹԡ

̫ӷ΢Уͷ¡

΢΢, 򴽲ָ΢顣
ĵȻӿһ̰㱻˶ŵĲʸС
΢΢üʶ欵֣Լ

̫ӵ¡½ƽ΢ЦǰЦʱԼɼſɰС
εĿģ, ٲȻκвУݬBһ˸
һǰ˲ͽСε

½ƽ仹ʶŮ֮£ȴҲ̫ӿ欵Ŀ⡣
ˣβ֪̫ӵʲô¡
̫Ӵ˵Ѿܹ֣ھȻֵܵŮ˵Ҳ

뵽ݬB֮ǰ̫Ϊ˵õ壬ֶܲΣ½ƽ˲˼֡

̫Ӽ½ƽ۵׷ӿ˲ţʣ⡣
Įףߵܣɡ

½ƽһ˫Цеģ˵
룬̫ٲߣݬB欵Ҫ¡

ϧ̫ӱҪСѾߣҪòˣΪŪϧݬB˳磬СѾФƣô뿪

˵¼ײµֹ˻ʻҪŮ̫ɫ˵Ŷˣͽг֡

Ŀӹ½ƽֱֱ欣欣

̫ӼǵãСѾߵѰŮӣررȻȷǷΪͬһˣֻҪڣһ֪

½ƽ֪̫ʲôֻ֪ϵãΪһݬBΣúý˻ס

ǰЩȾ˷纮ɤӻûá½ƽЦЦ
޵̫ӣǰλﲻֹฮŮ۵Ůϵá
ҪЩ˼

½ƽ˴νݬBС
ݬBԭһȴսûãͱ۴٣ŻᵽڶӰ

˷纮̫Ӵɤ΢䣬̫ҽƹ
帣˸ҽ˵ò޴󰭣л̫ӹġ

ôУ̫ӻ˵ģȴʮǿƣٹñҴ幫޴󰭣

һתˣȥ̫ҽԺ̫ҽ
̫Ŀⲻ䲻ȵɨˣҪø֪¼˵幫ǿɾͲˡߵܾöһ鵽µĶ

һʶ߬ӡ
û뵽̫ӾȻᡣ
̫ȻǿӲȴ˿䶼ڹλ幫

ҧҧ촽뿪л̫ӡ⡱ߺȻһͳϤɤ

̫ӵ£²һ˶

̧ۣһĨŵϤӰҰС
ָֻ֥ţֻƽʱ΢΢ЦһĨŭ⡣
üƺǡ
̸ֹ޲ɢһ⣬

欺촽΢ţԭѾڰյһģĪȵԭ

̫תݬBü΢ġŶһݴ󽫾γԣ

ݬB½ƽԣһ
΢΢ЦţЦȻᣬȴԴһͱ˵ǿһ䵭С
Ͷ䣬޴͸ŻȻɵϢ˿̫ӡ

̫ɫ΢䡣

մ鷿뿪ǡҪ̫ӣ˵ȥ鷿һˡ
̫΢ۣĴָϵָ
ȥǰ»һݽ
ݬBЦ֪޲ԣ޲

ݽߵ֣ܵҲ֪¼Ҷ˸վ߻󡣡
̫ƤЦⲻЦĹ˹
ٹһģΪƵСѾߣ¼ǵǸСѾԺˣͨ
̫ζĿݬBݽھתϸһƣ˵λǩ

֪̫Ժ⡣ݬBʧĴ̫ӣƽʱǰִ
΢΢ͷ䵭ֲʧòĿ欣ܿͻعͷ̫ӡ
ȷ̫˵ǸСѾе񣬲ܿϧ

˿׵ӣϧ֮ɫǸСѾߵ͵ӣ׽֮Ѱϼҹ洦ã

̫ɫһ㶣СѾ߱ڵȼŭ𣬵ܿ侲
𣿹ô˵СѾ֮Ҳûлô⣬ͱѾˣ

ݬBǹЩ޿κεЦ⣬ǳº͡
ʱʵ̫ŭ˻ûعͽʱֹ߻ڳ̫ӵİָʹ᯴Ҳڳ̫ţһָʹ

ݬBıӰ־

˵˹ϴǡôºͶֲǿƣ־䶼
̫Ҫ̽Ҳ޴¿ڡ

ǰǸĴլǰһƴ봳𺣵˲
ʱ棬ӳž

ջҪҹฮֻΪһ棬˫۳ҪγѪýĸ˵ŶԲˣҲ

Ǹ¶жȣ˳ᢣһƿԼ侲ִݵݴӡ
еݬB

ݬB΢΢Цţָûѣģʣ̫ӻǸϽȥ鷿ĪҪûϾõȡ

̫ЦȥǰԲ޵Ŀһۣ˿ûԼתȥ˲䣬Цº͵ɫȻݳ

½ƽݬBֱԼϤĺֵܣЩڵж¡

ݬBűȻʮȴЩ£ֻһеҪӽ
Ĵۣ彻յ֣Ծؼ֡
忴ݬBͬŷ

ݬBվԭأûκζ߬ѣָס
˫·лɬڷӿ

ðΣת̧ʱﺬЦһǳǳ΢Цģ
ݬB¶

΢Цס
˿һ˲ĸɬ⣬ȷسŵֵú˿μ档
ûκᣬƻ¡

ͬʱ΢΢˸
½ƽݬBı֣ģλٹĴӣݬBݴ󽫾ͬʱҲҵ֡
ˣЦζͬ㣬Ҳǿõֳ

Ŀһۣ񾯸½ƽҪ
½ƽ࣬ϱҪսϾȹֵҲҪ
ٿ࣬Ҳֻܳ޹գ졣

ݬBתĿɨʱѾͷ
Ůް䣬ۿԼ廨Ьʼնûпһۡ

ݬBؿ
ẬЦȾһĨ΢ɲĿɬͷĻرӣʹ΢΢||

С촩úܺÿû֬ϣ˴īɫ飬ĵͰԽӨǱ

ǰﱧš
ҲĺԼӡ

ǲС
½ƽ˵öԣܽСƵ̫µýԼԽԽԶ
ֻҪƽµĻţܺúõվԼǰ͸øм

ĺʹࡣ
ʹࡣ

ݬB˿һ΢΢ЦţĳҪȣˡȸˡ
½ƽ߰ɡ
½ƽ죺ʲôô

ݬBЦϴѲӪ˵⣬ʺ䲻׷ѲӪǵѲ
ȥǰݬBȻֶ½Ų֪½ƽ˵Ⱦ˷纮Ϊ̫ӣȴ̲סԸҪЩ˽̫ҽźá

ļĪһֲʧòĳ˵ͷлݴ󽫾ġ

ݬBһ
׼ļ䵭̬ȶԼ˵ʹܳܡ
һֿɬΡ

次ﲻ˿͵Ц£ͷҲصתȥҲѹƲסɬ

½ƽݬBԥ뿪ıӰǽһûúø˵ϼ仰
ҩ
Ļعͷ˵仰ȴ¼͵ͷȥ

½ƽ
ôൽΪʲô
½ƽ޲ðϣΪ˹˼ֻա

ݬBߵúܼܿ죬ͷʲôҰ׷һ
½ƽ׷ʱֻüݬBıӰ
òԾ첽ϡ
û뵽һᣬһɴ̱ǵѪζ˱Ƕ

ܳ
½ƽͫȥֽӰУһݬBĵ

񣡡ˣڹڶ࣬ѣֻѹɤҧгݵĵͺ𣺡ѵ㣬һвУˣ

ݬB˵һֱߣղŻЦûһ˿⣬ǱյԨһ˶Ϣ

ݬBĸ½ƽֻƬľ̶š
ͷʹѣѵպúޱͱõϸݬB˿ڡ

عҡݬBȻڣûа취ֻҲ侲
㲻֪Ҹոշ˶ûвܲ˵ĽУӶظʱ°ߣ°û˵ĵطֻǡ

½ƽëȻˣô϶㿴
ݬB˵ͷ֪ûôҪ취תע㲻ùңˡ
½ƽ˲䱻ЦǺοࣿĥԼʲô
ݬB˵ʲôȴ½ƽݺݴϣӱ죡˵꣡

ҸոջΪˣ½ƽ³һû뵽ֻǿԼȻˣϵȫãٴսأ߽ЩСһʰʱؾֱּͻ飬⸱Ҫģá

أݬBظĸ֣ૣԳ
ΣȻЦˡ
Ц̫ڱ½ƽͷƤ顣
Ҹһܣǰʱʧȥġʱ߹ش٣ǰŸ뾩ͱ˱Ͷ
½ƽûе棬ֻݬBѾˣ׵ĺ

ʱҲô룬´ˣһΣֱͻ飬Ȣˣصҵģֻһݣûˡ

ݬB˵λʱǳƽں˵ʲô޹ؽҪ£ɲ֪Ϊʲô½ƽȻ˵ġ

ݬB̫ʹ࣬ʹǿҪŲȥŻִ

½ƽ֪ݬB˵ȴԲסʣأ

欻úûţֻǲǰֻһˣݬBô裬½ƽ޷Ҫûˣʲ¡

ݬB͵͵Ц£
ɳƣͳһ˿¶飬Īɭ˱

Ұ˶ɱˡ
ɱģɱģȫɱˡ
߸ϣȴ͸λҲɱˡ

Щˣ½ƽͣټ˲µѳȫɱˣѾͷ᣿

ʵҲᣬϾʱΪûа취ײŻԾ
ֻǣܵģһС
˶ȥ

ݬBĿ½ƽ꣬ʧЦҲ֪˵Ҳţ
½ƽܳ
֪ݬBں˵˵Ȼˣ

½ƽεķ˸ۣƿ뿴ûŷǵķ
Ҫȥģ
ݬBƺѾȫ侲ɫٿն񣬺ŵЦ⡣
ٿһٳǡ
½ƽҪȥฮ

ûֱͣฮͣฮӡ
ݬBһͷܣ籼ฮฮһŴϡ

ôһò˫ȫɾھȻһ͵͵ϣֻΪ˿һۡ
˵ȥ˭ţ
½ƽţ

½ƽ𾪵˵εķ֣ȻѾϰݬBֲϳķݬBôԹԵĶڰ͵Ҳ

ݬBŬĿԼŬĲ款ܣŬĲ˺κˡ

欺빬ûϻظȥŸ󣬸һЩͷݬB˺һԸԳĿ뿴ı

ϵЦȻģȥһڡ
ϵݴ󽫾ٴη˾ţ֮ſסԼ»ƵĴ

欽ҲӰݬBĻصʱ
ﻹδȻȵĺܣǶôһСʱ䣬ݬBȫ󺹣Ǹմˮ̳һ

һо۵׵½ƽһѾ
ݬBɵ£ȻݬBҲ
ʶԼ뷨½ƽȻһ㶣ͻȻе㺦£ԼǲѾݬBˣ

߰ɵ£ǿԳѲӪˡݬBȻͷ󺹣ģЩǱϵЦȴ㣬Ҹ

½ƽ
ˣͱɡ

ݬBƺ뵽ʲôǰûãͷԸ½ƽۡ
Ҫǣ½ƽʡ
ȥȽ׵ٹվͻ磬ҵĻʺ̫ϯʲôֽţͻǰϻؾС
ݬBûͻϳµġ

Ҳǵãո̫ӿ欵ʮ֡
ĵýڵһ˫ۡ

½ƽˣͻȻ뵽ͻҲϯ˵Ļں˼˻ȥ

-

欻ظûãͻˡ
ӵ˻еš

ʶ֣ȴͻʲôģһѾɵÿʣôˣ
ŵ豭һڣŵⲻѰͻ硣

欻ǲ
ĵĽ͸
ǵҹŮǶ֪ʺ˴ξٰͻ磬ѰϯյģȫǼƷòŵĵŮ

欺ܿЩȷʣͻ磬Ϊ̫ɫ̫žٰģ

û뵽ôͷЦǣʺδԣȴйŮ֪

Ȼһü϶˵ҪΪŮΪ幫ٹãұ̫ϵãʺ󲻿֪ܲ£ôᷢ

ɫصҡҡͷ
欳ĬƬ̣̫ӡ
ʵһجΡ
˹պûظ欵ĻϾԼǰΣ׷ʣʲôجΣ

֪֪Ҳε˱Ͷ

ˡ˫˫
˹֣֪֪ʲôجΣ
򴽣Щؿһۣμ
جκԼйأһĶʱ߸

μ屻̫ӳףȼ붫֮ϴ档





41.  ѧ׷   з˫ϡ

ʮһ

ɫ΢, ЦЦ˵κʵ෴ģейĸڣôܱż޸̫ӣ֪֪عڵġ

欳Ĭ, ֣, 㶼С̫ӵ£һСΪϡ
Ҳ֪޷棬ܲ˵, νʵǰ¡

ɫأɵʧЦģǸΡ

˹΢΢Ц£á
û֪֪Ͷج, ¹ҲûǡøһΣҲ᲻ΪȻ, ȴòСС

˵յͻһ¡
˹΢ͻȷƾܲ, ʺ󵽵ֻ˵ҹͻ, δ˵Ҫɫ̫
΢΢һ٣֪֪˵ĶԣһСΪϣսǽҪ䵥

ԭΪ, ˹أòŽ

-

᯸

̫ƺʧԣĸܲסȥδѡ
̫ѺȻʹѹȴԼ˵һС
վʵ, Ͳ÷һζӱܣӱܵǵŮԾͷ

̫ԭȵȷ뽫ʱԶͽϵģ֪ӹ֮󣬾ͻȻӲʣֹ޷ڣܶ˲䲻֪Ǻá
ʱߣҪ˿ࣻߣ־öԲ֪֪
̫˵ÿ춼ˮ֮Уʹ͡

ʱͻȻĹֲ겻ѣ춼̫ҽ᯸ۿٶΣ̫ҽǶҡͷ޲ߡ

޵᯴ֹܣһϦ֮͵˹ֲ˷ˣʱ˵硡

ʱߵýʱҲҪȥ᯸̽û뵽Ҫȥ᯸̽¡

Ҿ͸߹㣬ʱߵ̫Ѿ֪̫Ůôϸȥ
֮󣬳֮࣬ǰ԰̬ҲЩü

ǸΪ۰ֻ֪ĸ״СŮʵϲ

е۰ǳӣԸ˿Ӱˡ

޷⣬ĸ׼ȻԼΪλҪҪ˭ѡ

֪ԼΥĸףȴ̲סʱǲ̫ŮŮչһȥ̽ôˣ

Ц⾩üĵŮյͻฮϻﶼյˣʱȴһʼûյѵͲ֣

յʱȴûյʱȷ֡

ŮһãȻ޶ȫĻŭǰŸսûã˾͸ŷˣҲ˳ѵͲ֣Ͳ΢һôŮ

ʱŷӦɫףĸ˵ǡǻ
죬Щ֪ͺã˵ָ˾˸ָһź£ͱʱʱǰա

ȻӣβҲܽвȫضУԹԵӦǡ

ȥʱͲȥŹ˰ɣ
ǰŸ·ʱͻȻ
һʱɫȻòȥ
ĪҲÿ˭ô󵨣

û뵽ôæǸĪСľ·ʱǡƼݣϾҪˣ˵Щ˵СĹ

һݬBߵСʱ˴룬ǰصͣʱԭһСҲŶЦݡ

ģ
ӵͣڲԶͷСһˡ
ЦЦ̽ݬBϡ
½ƽҲڣʱЩ޴룬׾˲ȾһĨߺ졣

߻ӡ򵥵ĸ˸ܿݬBԣʲôҪң

ݬB΢΢Ц£õȷ
մӳﰤһʱֳޣ˵òС
ݬB½ƽøϻظۡûʲôʱ䣬ֻܾ˵⼸ڽϼĪҪ̫𾪣պͻϣһ߻Ϊ

ԺҼΪҪ𾪣
ݬBԼࣺģʶˣֻҪסǲͬ˼ɡ
뻹ʣݬBȴе㸴ӣҼ뾩£ʱ˵̸
ݬBĻȻ̫ǴӦݬBʱСʧ̬

㻹ǡһ뿪½ƽϿڣһεķ㻹ǽ欵ţȻڳǰصؽοй

ǰݬBһ𵶵ţЦ£Һǰ欶ñģˣʵϾֻйˣֻҪܺúöסε죬欶Ͷһְȫ

½ƽΪȻ㳤۵ӣֱӲ𴩣ѵǸͬĸĵܵӣҲԹԱտڲ᣿

Ѿ˶ţڹ֮ǰл欶
ʽΪΪ۵Ů˵ҲҺ

ݬBĵ£˹ͬҲ뵽ˣϻ欵ͽ
Ȼĳؽܲž;ţȴҲûҲȥ

Ҳ֪Լǰݣδ||Ҫ˷ǵ˵ǰݬBͨʱŮҲ鷳

˹ѺȻҲڲ֮ǰ⣬ҪţҲǰһñ

-



̫һ뿪鷿̽ٽ
ݬB˵֮䣬Ҳ˳
ʼվݬBߵǸСͨ

ӹʱ̫ǰԼԼġ
̫Ӳδ̧ͷʼרעǰ̣չ԰
ͬʱǡ

ӳĬĵȴ˵ȥ

Ԫǿɼˣ
Ӵ
ԪǿݬBǰǸСͨ
ָ΢ɫ䣬ܿ

ݽ˵ǸСͨʱҲڳ¡
̫һ٣̧ͷ
Ϊ棿

̫ӵ̽ɫ糣üһǡ
ǳۼݬBǸСͨҲϾ֮ˡ

׸̫ӣ̫ӶҲΪΣشԼʱûγɣ̫۵ٿһĨ⡣

ʵ˵µ֪ʱãָպö˸ŮʱһΪ᯼ҵ⡣

΢ЦѵΪǳãΪάŻݬBĻѻ

̫ɫÿɷ

Ŀ䣬ࣺҲǽղŵ֪ʱ䲢᯼ҹ⣬ʶѾãӦƢԲ֪֪ݬBңڣԹû취Ҳа취롯˾ǧУΪֻ֪֪ع

̫óӻеŭ⣬ЦΣ²һʣԪǲطϡ

ºұΪλʺ¹ڹʱʶ˵
˵ʱԪڣڹлֱ֣ԪţλʺΪĸĹϵ˳ϻʺ֮λ֮Ҳδб䡣

¹ԭӣֱΪӼӣϧزۣΨһŮҲΪЩ°ߵĹϵ̫󱧵ϥԸ

ԺһȴҲΪ¹ûжӵĹϵʼպڣҲ̫Ӱ

¹ϥ¶˸߻ӣ̫ӲòЩۡ

̫ȴҲ֪ȨƲݬBһѵȴҲʧȥӡ

ӹ֣ҡ
̫ҡͷһЦ̽ţֱԿǰŷ

ʱӲӽһ㺮˪
̫ͬ˽һҲͬ˽̫ӡ
̫ӷһ̽Ƕ֪֪ͼݬBͨʱ˼

ûл᯸ֱฮ֪յͻ֮󣬺òΪöԻɫٴֺ˪

ô𣿡ʡ
ӻ¶ɢһ⣬ٳҲˡ
Ӧˡ˵

ԴѰ֮ںܾͳฮʱฮҹ
Ȼ춼øŹĽϰѧأȻ࣬ȴҲúҲҸ

ڴ֪ΪҲ֪ʺΡ
Ƭ̣ӵļ磬οҲյӣͻŰ欣϶£᯴˾ͱˡ

ٿ̧һſֹź⣬񣺡ΪҲյ
֪յʱһȻɹʹˡ

ʼһԣ˵壬ͻȻͻգӹװʶ֪֪С

ʲô΢΢һ

˼ܿͷԣҲŸջؾãһӾͺͰʶҡ

ӽӹĻֻҪ֪ǰݬBߵС֪ͨѣһǱܣ֪֪Ҫס

ںһϣһѾ˵ʺصطңҪ̽ݣ

˹ԣЦñ䵭֪֪̽޵ݬBͨʺֻҪһʳ֪

ʺЩŮԼ˿롣
ӵͷɫ̶̺
ҪΪŮһ£ѾھȨȦﴫвۺ졣̸ڣȥΡ¡ңǻ˭Żϣȡ֮һ˲ʲôôõĻᣬضֵǷꡣʱԹٽɣֹ裬ݬB֮С

ЦݬB֮ǰűʷŵһ˶֪֪֪ͨʱ½ƽΪƽϢʷŭ⣬Ʊصи󹬸˶֪幫Ҫ¹£ʱ¹ฮҲΪЦ

ɫɷףøһʯ֮ơ

ͷˣһǲףʺҪ԰欣ΪҪôһȦֱó˻Լ˷Ϣȥͺˣ

Ľͣο֪֪ԼӳģΪ֪֪͸ݬB֪֪˹Բʲô£ô׾ۏ˻ˮΣ֮ء

壺Ҫ֪֪Ůʺȴڱ˷ϢսȨһ֪ǻʺģɾͲŭô򵥡ֹˣҲԲŹʱ½ƽֻݬB֣̫ȴΪУˣ̫

ԽɫԽףڵɫҲÿ˵ֽһ顣

Űˣɵһ̧ۣͷ֪֪£ٲ˸ǰݡ

ۼӻӣսȨֻҪ欵ּ뺣Ϊʵ幫ʱΪݬBͨ£ھҲἤ̫ߵˮ

欵ֻҵˣȴûҵ֮ô鷳

ڴСЩƵ£ٸͬŮֻǸСѾߵһ顣
̲סʣڴŰһ½ϻü𣿡
ӿڣʱȾϼΣˡ

欼ԼҪģ̿ҵһǺܿĵģǡ
ӣĿζ֪᯴˾Ұֺ󡣡
ڲõĽԼõѻ޸ɩɩ

-

ݬBѲӪٻؾʱպ
ؾĵһ²ǻعֱฮ
½ƽ֪ʲô

϶Ҫڴ͵次

½ƽǿïܵĴ룬֦ҶïܣݬB˸Ҳܽȫסһ죬ҶʱݬBָòģ

Ŀ⸴ӵĿŶϵĺֵܣͻȻݬBǳ

ݬB֪½ƽǳֻ֪ԼѾû欣˼òˣֻܳԼһۡ

ľֻ뿴һ۾ͺãֻҪһۣ㡣

ɲ֪ǲǳˣݬBϿ˽ʱȻûܼĨ˼ҹĽӰ

½ƽȻüŤͷߣֵݬBϴһʧصĳฮֻϵıԵ

ʱݬBˣȴûаЦһϢ
һԱա

½ƽԼ϶ǰǷݬBʲôôⱲӾ̯ôһѾĺֵܡ

Ҫҡ½ƽ£ฮ㿴Ƿ񰲺ã

ݬBȻ̧΢΢Цţھţ񡣡
½ƽܳ
ݬBҲܽ˼¶һ档
½ƽҲöûˣ˼ýܿͺݬBվͬһߣã

欼ǰ˺ɰݬBݬBʱѾλ
㽫ĸµ˫͸

һԳ˫壬öֱӵС㣬ۿ¡
С̾ϸɫһ䣬һ䣬һʱ˿Ϸ죬¡

ǰڣ̸ڣ˻Ķ欣κðգ֪ԼֵԽ⣬ԽǶһΣա

ǰҲ͹Сܵʱûиöʵĸ˵Ƿ
ǵúСѾͷʱյʱļˡ
ѵô󵨵ż⣬ʱסȴִ󵨵°͡

С˫ȫֽЦһԵòˣŵ͵͵ĺŹӡ

һҧĶ䣬һߵЦ欶ֺˡ

СɫĿƽˮһ˫ͺߣ·硣
ѩļ͸ӵ֬ɫȻĶ

з
ΣʼղҺ

һգȴԵòˣúʲôͺʲô
ֻǺߵı۾󶼲ҿ
ϸɤ̼һҹ





42.  ѧ׷   ӣ˫һ

ʮ

˹½ƽϵľ˾, ฮ˵
ݬB½ƽǸҹ·ؾģʱ, Ŷû»糯ʱ, ฮֻʣŮ졣

˵½ƽã³棬ϧһͳˡ
½ƽԸԳļ, ̵ġ
ҲֵЦû뵽½ƽȻݬBһš
ƽͬͬ, Ҳ˵ʲô

½ƽע⵽ԴֵĿ⣬пࡣ
ݬBԥ, ǰһ
½ƽ޷ֻЦҡȣӲͷƤʣôûãٹվǲ, ĸղŽ, пվͳ̽á

ҪЦЦһۣ֪֪ڸϰѧأ²̫ǰ

ݬBЦɣȴһһ㾾
֪ΪСÿ춼ҪæѧأΪڶԼ

½ƽίľܾ, ҲֻЦС˽׼õĶʵǰ

һˮͷܺạ̃ʵϸ壬覴, һǼõ䣬򲻵

½ƽû׼ݬBҪ˺ԭ˻ظãû뵽ݬBȴ񶼰׼ˡ

ǲѰݬBؾʱ۸ķ֮һ

崹ǰһ۾Ƴӣ½ƽؾʱ͸ļΪơ
ģ͸ĶӲظȻ½ƽԼ׼ġ

Ҹżã׼ǣھùƣҪϲ䣬˻ظġ

΢΢Ц£½ƽ䲻欣ﲻ֪
ݬBȻû֪֪

岻źۼĿ۲Զĺľ磬Ǹ⣺վͻˣ֪֪ҶͻòӽϰһйǲУ޷ǰ

ݬBԣ۵ӹһĨ壬΢ͻ磿
½ƽɫ΢䡣

ЦǣʱĹŮᵽ֪֪ฮ⼸ռҹݵķϰʵڲ͡

ݬBǵ̫ӿ欵ֵ֪欵ȥͻ磬ʱƱֵ̫棬ĵ׵ǹƴѹֵıĶռ˲䲻ܿ

һʱ䣬˻ǱѪϢڷӿŰ

ϵѹ̫ˣʶ뿪ںˡ
½ƽһΰסݬBļ磬ŵˣҲô򩤩
ĳһҪ¶Ϊת
ݬBɫ糣˫ֱȴѱ

벻һгȥ

忴ݬBϵ壬΢΢һ
ݬB˵Ͷ欣ɾܾղ˵˼ö屾次
һʱ֮䣬Ȼ֪һڻؾ²źá

ʵͶںľ
ݬBݬB˵Ƶ屻۸ǱĻ˽ȥ
ݬBͬʱ͸϶Ҳö塣
ϵöСģ塣

ϱݬBʱ֧δĸȴ֪
Żôġ
欶ؿݬBëСˢӰ㣬ȶš

巳֮ʣߵĴ÷Ȼǰ
߻ӼݽŰݷãлūתݴ󽫾

ݬBһʶ̧ףܡ
֪ڿԼ
Ŀܿڽ䴦۵ĺľϡ

ݬBָ΢ĪҲ·˽һ㡣

Ҫūڴл߻Ӽݴ󽫾˵ؾһв죬λֻһ֮Եλ˽׼ʵڹڹأʵڵ˴񣬻λ˼¡

ԭִдһϲͷӯɬɬζ

ܣ嵽ͷĳ嶯ǿӺＷɬĻֻѰ壬أ次

ݬB͵ɬع˹

欶
ҲܣҲûʸǰôǵغ

Σɳƣزġ

÷Ǹ⣺ݴ󽫾صؽū澣˵͵ֻ·ߵһСʯӣҲա

⻰ʵֱ̫ף̫½ƽɫѿ
Ҳ΢΢졣
ݬB΢΢ף򴽲һѹֵĳĬС

ۼݬBЦ˫ۣӯɬʱٸн
֪֪׷£ҲôʱʧǵģеΣ֧֪֪
ٿҲûá

½ƽ裬һ˵ͻҾ취һؽϳฮ

ݬBվûͳȥֹˣ˶û
ظ·ϣû˵һ仰

-

ա
ʹ԰

˴λʺٰͻ԰ƽʱֻڻĽ󻨻ܣҲȫ˳g̺ٻţʵĿ

ϲϸǿɻᴹһƬ̣ۺɫɻӳУҶƬƬлͣڰߣʤա

ͻ绹ûпʼ԰ȴѾۼ˲ҹŮ
΢ŵĻŮǵĽЦò֡

ֳϣʱضҪվһ飬Χƣǹ¡
ֹûյ˶²齣ȻԾͳ˹ŮǾһ˵ʱ̸ʡ

û뵽ʱ䲻̫Ů
ɲǣ˭뵽أ
̫˳øʲôƵģû뵽Ȼģ
˵ʱǰٽʱС̫໹ϷԸ׼䣬ʱΪҪΪŮ
Ц䡣

⿪ڵģҵĶ䲻ңôֹӧĸµĻʺ
ĹùȻǹܳӣֻǸͨӣȴҲΪĺһԱ

οһԣʱ佻ãŮаԳЦʱȴҲ˵̫Ŀŵ

֪ǲʱµĹϵ˽ر𰲾
ǰйʱ£ȫؾĴɡ
ʹйŮοҲ֪ʱ𣿡
Ҳֻ΢΢ס

ڹŮǽƵϣѯйյŮʱٰĵĴŵٿһ㶡

ͻ缴ʼеĹŮҲ룬Ƿ׷׹ҹϯ
ÿ˶Լλãݼͬϯ䰲Ҳͬ

ڴ÷Ĳ£Ȼĸͷ
˶ฮŮλȻΪǰ
⣬Ϊ幫ϯλĹ֮
λ岢ͷ

һϮʢװδע⣬빬԰Ѱ˸ƫƧĽ䣬ϸ˵Ż

ݴ뿪ʱɫܲԾ绹˵취㣬Ƕ㲻ˡСӽҵѾ߶

֪ݬBռִԶԶˣ⡣

ԭΪݬB߳ŭ᲻ܲ˵ฮ֣취ߣûС
Ȼնżзʹ֮ɫʲôҲûڼѹԼԹԵر½ƽ˳ȥ
ݬBõϰٽıӲ½ƽԴҲ

Ա֮ǰķ侲ʵЩ⡣
ҲȷݬBǰ˼ɡ

յߣϸû£ͼװʶˡ
ϲ̽˵˽ݬB뿪ȻûݬB֮便ôˡ
ô˵ҲֻЦŵͷ

㣬˵ͻϣǧ뿪ϯҪС̫СŮ˵Ҫȥģǧ취ƾ

欻ھǸͲڵجΣɵúЦл֪֪ģȻ͵ȴҲôСڹŮȦ쳤󣬹ĸҲʱؽҪСֶΣЩƣҿɱ㻹

ΪЦ£æͷʧˡ
εСߺ١

û£֪֪ңҿɿˡЦ֡
һҲ⣬ֻ欺͸ƺجε棬Щ֡

ȻûкһȴҲ˸
欺˵Цίľ˲䷭ӿﾡǰԹ޲ùȥһš

˵ϸͻᣬ̹ϯС̫࣬Ĵϡ
С̫û欣ûǧﶼĴˣ̲סֱĶ˼ۡ

ֱͻȻһ⣬ëȻĸоеǱĶ߶ϡ

԰ֹ࣬Ҳ࣬Ҷִïܡ
½ƽȻӦݬB欣ҲĿŵشĵط
˵λϯһСξ룬ݬBã˾㲻ʲô

½ƽԭҪδBҺýջһͽݬBٽ̸¡
ݬB̸ʱң½ƽڳҲ֪˵ʲô˺ֽף۾Ȼ׼ݬB빬ǰԵ԰ڲκ£ԶԶؿһۡ

½ƽûԼһȻҲϣ
Ҫ巢֣һӢɾȫˣ

ݬBɫˣȥڳǸС̫˫һæקס˵˵ֻڡڲκ£ԶԶؿһۡҪǱ˷֣͵űʷɣ

ݬB΢΢Ц£Ŀ׵ķ˸ŨҶַռ붯֣Բκˡ
ܳӣ
½ƽ侲欻ġ
仰ħһ㣬ؽס

ݬBʱһط֣ްڡ

ܵΣյС̫͵һ飬˲ͷĿбӣͻ缴ʼ¶Ｐ
£֪γƺ次
λҵ˫ãฮ
л¶㣬ǵС۲ʶ̩ɽ¶ＰСϯ

ʱ䲻ͬ͵ʱų֣ҲΪ⡣
Ǹףòּi֬͸죬۵ˮ
Ůüѩ촽Σղʩ죬֮ɫŵĳˮܽأ棬޶ס
ʢװ磬ĵñ˫СĶˣ޻ȴֲʧׯ

뿴ͷŮ𾪵˵

˹껹иСŮϢʹǣŮüȻĸףȴмƣĸ᯷˼ĸ¹ЩȻǴе

ףմΪҪ⽻ʱʧ̬

ǴȸҪΪǴǰǸСͨ

ķӦ̫˲˳Ŀ⿴ȥ
ʱһ㶡


˵˫ô˳һҲ񡣡
ǣѲͷ˽Ů
ԣСĻӿڳ
Ĳ񰡣ң˵üԾŴ󣬡ҺãδŹ·˫ӣ

˵۹˲΢

ӦҲ˵ˣҪΪŮ˽ŮôΪŮҪΪٰ칫䣡
ֹˣһ˵һؾͱٽ˵ҪΪŮ
˶ӣŮô£Ȼס欽һգ󹬱㴫÷ꡣ
¹ɶڲ欵ݡ

ϵȻһ˽ŮŮ
Ҷ˵仰뵽ʲô˵ɣ
˽Ůѵǻ΢ʱһҹµĶӣ

üۼмô£
ǰҲе᯷˻¹
Ѳ¹ġ
࣬һʼҶ֪仰˭˵ģֱŮǰ̧־һȹȥ

ʱһƬѻȸ

Ϊ¹ȻС̫ϥ£¹һҲ׽¹׹⡣
Щ߰ĻɵЦô˵ˣţ

Ϣŭ粻ҺƽϢŭæؿͷ

㱻°ߣ̫ͽٹС谮ǳ۸Ƕٰ۰ýޱȣ˭֪ܳŮ
ȴƾðһ幫幫ò¹мƣȷʵѽ˲ɡ

֣Цͦ˼ġ

¹᯷˶ѵһˣֹ欳Ϯĸ׵òҲǡ
ϸۿ欣ѷ˶һ˫¹ΪƵۡ

ȻҲˣΕiСǰ벻м

ͷĶС֮ԭΧߵĹŮǣ˲Ůɢһˢɢ
ֻʣ˵Ĺ

ע⵽ȻûЩ˶˵ʲôȴ֪ʮ֮|Լйء
Ȼûһǰ

ʱ嶼λϣҪ߲ƣԡ
Ůƽǧǧǧǧꡣ
欸Ÿʰ

һض欵ԽϸƣɫԽѿ

һͷ½ƽƴֹݬB
ǸȻûй澻ҪݬBϯͲˡ
ûµģʺĸѾˡ½ƽָָԶĴ󲿶ӡ

ͻȻǻʺΪɫ̫žٰģȴҲ˸ڻӼ˵½ƽҲˣʵڲͽݬBһˡ
ʱûƵס

λʺԶԶͿɫݵվ¼ҽǰ¼ҽûάơ
ɵù˹

̫Ӿ͸ںλʺߣȻҲƼʢ˵ģ
ɫ΢̴ǵĳȥ

ʲô
̫˵ͬʱҪ欷
һʶһ
̫΢΢һ٣ɫô£





43.  ѧ׷   欸û취˵Ҫ

ʮ

̫ӳҰʱ, ݬBͷɿȥ̫ӳֱֱȥ͵̧֡

½ƽľذ֣ˣ̫ӣ뺦𣿡

, ̫欶߳£欶Ѵ̡
ݬBɫ, ںòѹ·ɱͶ⣬Ϳ̫ҪС
Сﱻŵúһ۾֡

ͬ½ƽܳҪ
Ӧ, ͱ͵ƿ

½ƽЩˤǱסӣѿտҲ

ݬB֪ʱ, ֻЦߣһת, һ泯ϯɿȥһŵģ
ȥƽʱ죬ްЦ, һ̶, ףųǵ䣬ɱڡ

Ҫ꣡
½ƽûʱ, ׷ȥ
û㲻ܹȥǵĸ¹׵ãһ˵úúõģ

ݬB侲ȴǼ졣
й½ƽע, ֻܽʾ֭Ȱ

ݬB򴽲ɣۼ󹬰ȫ־ѾҪ£½ƽʱļ١
벻ܲ˽ߣһϵ󴫹
ݰʲô

½ƽϳ۵ͷƤһ飬ֻ˶ˡ
ˡ
ݬB½Ųֱ

һͷͻǽ֮ʡ

ǰ̫Ӵǰֹ֮Ҫ欷ȴӵıܿ

̫΢΢һ٣ɫô£

ɫɷף̹أŹس̫񣺡ǳŮʧǣ̫ӵˡ

Ůصʹͷƴһ࣬ĵñѩ׵ļԽ͸ƽֵ֮ɫ

ֽ֣ǸСѾһģһ

ץɡ
̫ɫ΢׵ĺа⸡
Ƭ̣ṴǴνϵù¡

Ů̫䣬ȴ͸Եã欵ɵö˼ֲߺޡ

ϵù£ΪλҪ㣿
̫ǰһ΢΢|ַ򦣬ȴ뵽ʲôȻͣ£ı󣬸ֶ

ڲǹСѾߡ

欴ףŮγϯ磬ͻ£̫ӵˡ

Ҳߣ΢΢ŮôСڷ£ղŻؾϢŭ

̫ü䵭ȴЦ⣬ᵭغŶСŮ欣
԰Ͽڣ¿㻹ζ㡣

򴽣Ҫڣһ϶ֻɤͻ磬޲ǳ֡

˼ˣ׷׹밲̫Ҳòת밲ʣ򸣽𰲡

ƮƮĿһۣôڵϣųѾ߼ǺߵڵʲôϽ幫

幫
۴˾ڴ̫ӵλ幫
̫ɫ΢ָָ߬ס

˴ײ۹ȴ΢

Ȼ֪ҪΪŮֻҪһδв䣬㲻Ĺ񣬴ӻϽ˵ֲһˡ

ǰܻسݣ欻δ⣬ȴٲѰǶԴ

欱۲ֳ˰֣ˣա

ʣ⩤ 
̫ͣλʺȴԣĻЦʣϲ˵ûչ
ʵ欹ʱһԡ
ǰ뿴ͬ¼Ѫ欳û뵽̫ӻǰֹ

û뵽ϻ١
Ҫ֪ϻ̫ӡ
ڣ¼ҸֵЦȴȫ̫ӵĴ
λʺֱҪ޷½̫ͻðʧ

˽ȻΪ谮¹ʽϯϣǺܿϸλʺӡ

ϲЦºͶᣬǵλʺļ磬Цôصزչʺ󲻻ӭޣ

ۣò޵ϯλû׼
磬ԾڿЦԭŵնʱɲ١

ĪҪԩڷǹʱ£ҪһСλʺЦ֣Ц̣ûһͺͻһȥλ
¹ʱ۸պλʺŶ۵ײɵһĨ졣

Ȼó⻤Լвʱɢ١
һ̧ͷȴ͵һ
Լۻˡ
ݬBôͻϣһŻϡ

ͬע⵽ˣü΢ſѾϯϯλԼб治Զ½ƽ
ѯ⵽ô£

½ƽɫ޹գŴ۾ĿαϣЦݲ
һģȴмַεζ˲ɵøС

ֹͷȥŮҲ׷׺
岢Ŷͬлա

Ϸһٲҵ欣ʱС

λϣֱ߾Ĺٹȥ
۵Ļ֮ɫȥһС̵ϸߡ
۾ֻƳԼһۣһлԴ֮⣬ί
ɵòͷȥһۡ

Щ˼㱡
ݬBͻȻûκ쳣ʼյͷĵȴһɲõԤС

˶۲ֿڣλؾ񣬾͵ֻǹ߸
伫Ϊɣȴ˿ҷɡ
ֻǾղСͻ翪ʼǰ޲ò˵仰

̫ɫָ΢顣

ҪŮһ£ظλжţϿ̫ӣȻֻδܷ⣬УҴ幫

δҲδ̫ӣ̫ȴζɫɵø䡣
λʺ΢Уʾ԰ꡣ

ۿ欣Цǵس֣ǰ
Ŀ˲䵽ϡ
һ˲δôעӹ

һϰ̵ǰ㣬侲ǰظ

ۼԶȳνҪ࣬Ц⼰ʢ
£õȵ֮˵ôһͻȻЩģǰ¡

΢΢Цţʼչףصȴۼ˵

ıȻȦɵ㣬ƳĽţɵôȤѵͲҪ˵ʲô

ЦݺͰΪУҹ㶼óϲλλ幫
вɵɻʢ
Ѳǻ˽Ů

Ů档欽ŵĶҪˡ

ʱٶ׼ԼĳΪĿĽ㣬ĺѲš

۱ԳƣŵСˣɵգȻٹղǷ䣬޻Ǿָɸ㣬ñİȫ

欺һϣʶվǸͦεӰ֮ϡ
ݬBǲĿ⣬ͬʱƤ
Ŀӡ

֥ŵɾ΢ķŵЦ⣬һˮ

ǹɲ˲ߵ㡣

ݬBռôƫִҪָ˱ź򱣻֪ʲô¡

ҪָݬBǸ㡣
ǣӦòܰɣ
ôܣ

ݬBô˵ôҲսǰ޵Ĵ󽫾ôͬССƷ
ֻǸŮĹԻǰ̡

ͬ⣬ٹҲͬ⡣
ԣĵǸ֣Ҳͬ⡣

ݬBϵĻ֮һоֹô£

˼ˣ欺òԭģ˲
ǿ򶨵ĿŻϣ˸ˡŮָ֪˺ˣ

ۺȻ̾һ΢΢ŶģЩǳֲŸջؾãԾ˻죬ޱΪµġ

˵꣬̾һֻǾ̫ӶΪֻѰŮʵڽ޵ġ

̫ϯλµ˫ֽ߬ȭٵһ㺮˪
ŵ¸𣬷Ϊȴʶûʣֱ϶۸

ʵ̫ԩ
̫֪ƫģɷŭѣ߬΢΢

ǻȻһ㣬ԹԵƫͷ˹ָ
ݬB΢΢ףܿʹ뿪ԣ۹أĿбݬBμֹǧǧǧǧꡣ

欻һ΢ҵӡ

ݬBҲֹǾĿ֮һǸò˫ȫ޵ɣ֪پǹĽ

ͻǻʺΪɫ̫Űģֻ̫һҲÿŮ뵱̫Ҳյò

ôŹ㣬ȻݬBߣݬBĹǰȫ𾪲ѣ졢֡

ƾʲôƾʲô
ô֪ðСѾͷͻȻͳฮŮֳ˻Ů幫ڻϾȻҪսպյĴ󽫾ȥ
ƾʲôƾʲô

ЩĽݬBĹ㣬ֱҪоãֱҪ
ƫƫֲ˵ʲô
ǿǻԼģûʹƣﶼ㵣𾪵˵ȻҲ֪ϾָݬB

ãʵڲ֪ηӦ

ǻָɵģܾͬڵڷ˻棬ֹǵûϲãĺ
ϾղŻϼ̫ΪʱǶ˵ʶûʹ̫ӣֱ˷
ҪǾֹܾĺڳ˶ʶô

欸û취˵Ҫ
ݬBɹصͷϥء

ۼСѾͷŴɵʧЦλٹĴӣͬʱҲ׷Ĺ´󽫾䲻ʶӦҲжŲǡݰ㣬Ҳġ

ǿԼ侲Цǿݴ󽫾󲻷𽵹󵱳ŮŮ֣̿ܲ𡣡

ЦᣬȴǲΪȻ޵Ůպ󣬱Ҵ幫ôܲ𣿡

֮ǰĽݬBĹǣĻԹޣϵĶԻҲǲҪݬBǼܾһҲװġ

ˣû취һŭȫƵϣеԹҲתΪĽ뼵ʡ
˭أ
¸СԶͷ£¿ɲฮɮǵǼΪ࣬ﲻãڷ̩
ʮڷǰԲŵĸŶԡ

ڹŮһ룬ʱֺùЩ
Ψɫʼѿ
һʼɫҲòȥ׳סܿͻָЦº͵ģ

вݾܾǿƣ֪ԼٲԸҲٶκƾ֮
ֻܻȥٽеֳ취ˡ

欹أߵͷл񣺡л¡ԼǣǳŮһʱͿˡ
ЦŰ֣ա
ݬBȴɿȻĹš

ЦΣ֣ݽ
ʱŷݬBȻš
ûһǸ߸ϣǷĹӾȻĸԸǰûеõǰҲҶ

ķɿݬBһۣǰȴֽĿ𿪡
ݽ𡣡

л
ݬBƯüЦ⡣
ڼĿʼǰ棬񶼲ʱĿ

֪Լô϶ˡ
û취ټּӣȥĻģĻ衣
ֻܲϧֶۡҲҪ취±ҲãʧҲá

һҹ̽ฮʱݬBΪСԼʧǵԨ⼸գ˽⣬ЩԶԶƲԨ
Ҳǲſ¡

ݬB˱ۣɿɬ
ܿأֱǸԶЦһϲŭɫݬB

ȻܿҲ׼ݬBһλʺͻȻڡ

֪ڴʱɨϵ£м£òᡣ
۲һۣЦݵ£
λʺЦЦĿݬBһۣĿֻصϡ
ݴ󽫾Ϊҳײٹ󣬼幫⣬ݬB˰ܻҲߡ

ü΢Ŷд£ôδ˵
λʺЦ΢
֮ǰʷΪ£֪ݬBٱ飬۲֪ܲ

ĿЩɻ󣺡֮ǰʷȷ£Ѿ˲ݽûңٹΪңݬB͹ٹȻţŻ᲻ɢܻһ˵

λʺ˲ƿԡ

Цطʺλʺ󣺡Ƕ˵ݬBңȴûۼң

λʺϵЦݼҲס
Ȼû˼ҡ

ҪѡȻϸϸ̽顣ֹˣҲʹٹʵ֤νңٹԼĲ²⣬νղ飬ΪݽΪ˸ЩʱղŻݾӻӸֹ֤ܰӸūҲ֤

ɫת䣬ĵɨһȦ֮дŲݿܵϣݴ󽫾Ҵ費ɶõ˲ģ¶ý֤ݣӽ޲κβ֤ݣſҥ֮

Ůټһʼ۶Դºе̬ɱΣŻΪǸ֮ˡ

񱻻ĿһɨףϲС

ǿҵϣǹĵƣֱ׵ˣ˷׷׵ͷȥҴ

ʵ۶˵ˣλʺﻹףǰȻᣬǸκɵĵڵ¡£Ͳ䡣
˵ݬBûңǾûҡ
һ˭˸Υ棿

λʺЦʥֻʷʹݽȷĲԡ

ݬBֵȷйңЩƵҥԣʵڿ𣬰ٿĪ磬лϽǰס

ٴ۹أߵлϣм

ЦŰ˰֣ųֹǡ

򴽣صϯλϣһҲûݬB
ݬBʱվ󣬸źĹվһ顣

֪ԼһֱţͻҪ٣ûһѰ˸Եȥ

һߣ˲ŷ׷˿λʺҲԷࡣ
λʺźۼĿһۡ
Ͻ̧欣ȷ欿϶̫⡣

˵ͻǰ̫Ӷ欻ôһС˼϶˵ôˣһС˼Ҳûˡ

̫Ŀٴλصϡ
Σ̧ͷλʺ΢΢ס
һмƻվɡ





44.  ѧ׷   á˫һ

ʮ

뿪, λʺЦվǸͻ磬ûƽʱôĹطǵ, ղͻ̸ɡ

˵ͬʱǶŲ, ԰ղ

¹ЦЦ뽫欶еһģͼλʺߵķѾȥǰ, Цӯӯؽ˹ȥ

ΪңСʱ¹ʱ¹Ҳʱһ鵽ǹλʺ밲, λʺ˵ǿģйȥ̸ʲô¡

ɽյͻ, λʺǰ㵥Ϊɫ̫žٰϯʱλʺйŮ, е, ʵڲ˶롣

ٹգ¼ҾҪһҪ̫¼Ҫˣ

ǿĿʱζ, мʵģзߺ޵ģҲпϷġ

欲Щģ屻ʺߣĶˡ

¹۵ҲӹһĨ뵣ǣ׼ȥλʺ, ոŻ뿪ĳ¹ȴ˻

˵յͷڶƼݻϾʺǶѾȴкĪûϾõȡ

¹ššüģŮԸ仰ų¹뿪
ɼϯеļʶҪ籡

¹һߣָӲˡ
ãε¶ҲôһֱŻʺ½ƽ֪ʱǰ
¹뿪ǰŮתؽ¼ҽÿ˺á
½ƽվݬBĿ⸴ӵһ̾

欻Ŀ˸л߻㡣
½ƽЦ裬߸缴ɡ
յһͷƤľĿ⡣
½ƽ˻ֹ欣øĿڣСȴһϸǣ߸硣

ǵĿ˲תɱĿ⡣
½ƽÿ֪ݬB˫֣Ѿ߬
˻᲻һ빬ͱˡ

ݬBѹȸʵ̫Ҳû취
򴽣ͻȻЩŭ΢΢βбؿһ¡
û뵽еĿ⣬˲תΪİ⣬׵Ӹӯᡣ

ë
欼ֱҪ

Ȼ˲Ҫ޵С
½ƽ̲סĬĬĴָ
Ŀ⣬ǿЦʱʱ۽ע塣

欼λʺǵ֣ЦݺͰ˵ʲôһʱǻز򴽣תݬBǰ

ݬBɿ۽ޣްӰ£ͶǳǳӰ

ƫͷջؾãȴҲ֪ٹǳݽ󣬱𽵹ҵȻʥΥݽסԼݣԺøղַĿⶢңĪҪҲ洦á

ǡô΢΢ǡ
꼻һֵЦȫҸ㡣

ݬBףĿбӣӦǣС֪Թ洦ãӦʮ

ͻȻۣϥأ΢̧ĿȻ·Ũ̵ܾ۽޵ʹ΢
ԥ֣Լơ
žžžģһƽһƣһҲᡣ

ԭЦظ˵ŻĹתͷݬBڵϸԼ죬Ȼɴۡ
ĹŵĿݬBſ欣Ծ졣

ҲͷɨݬB欣۵ӹ˼Ŀζ

͵ӡ
ؿݬBЩãĿ次
ƢȻºͣȴδκ˵ڵܳǰҲ
ͻȻһɻֿµͷ

ݬB̫ע⣬ʮƺܿʹꡣ
죬ȴÿһƶ顣
귣ɶҲĹš

һֱ΢־Գ̬

ݬBֵʱ½ƽԡ

ݬBţ½ƽ˸ټһȥøС̫ǽݬBΧס欸ļλ⣬ע⵽µ˲ࡣ

½ƽݬBſԼü˵ܡ

һֱ֪ݬBԼܺݣʱɳϣѲӪȴûӵһΡ

ÿεۿݬBԼʱǺѽܡ

ǿһҪǸͲܻصฮٴٵǸôǵþôǰԼѿأ

½ƽȣָڷףݬBţȴٳûпɵǿѹŭԲ

ղŵȷʧðãҲˣ֪û˲ҹŮûȴ빬ฮٷҲ١

һʼû뷣ݬBЩһ˿̵췣á

ղȻ۲ǿӲݬBݬBַԶְĿ⿴Լ
ݬBڵϣ̬΢췣ȴ˵ζ

еĹӣۺʱһݲȣʤȯյ̬ڻǰҲࡣ

ܾãݬBġ

欴ؿϣһĿĺָӡĵ׺Ȼһҡ

죬ͷݽ֪ãԺĪҪٷɡ

½ƽֽݬB𣬾λϴ
ɫȻһ

ͷһٿȥֻ屻Χסһ澹ڵأͣسͷ
λʺɫ촽źϺϣЩ澡

ڱô꣬ȻˮãŻŽ򷭣ȹŪˣˣȥشʮ壡

λʺ΢ŭĿһɨƲŭԭ˵˵ЦЦĹŮǷ׷ԵĿλ

ȹŪ࣬׹λʺΪͻȻ

ĸºͣˣû뵽ȻΪ¶﷢ôƢ

ﻹʺ̫ѡЦЦĿʺĸµĵ䷶˵ˮȴѡ̫Ҳ˽ģֻ˴֡

ﱾͶ̫֮λûȤֻЦһǣҹĸɲΪ˹̳裬ϧԼĹŮȥźϣǧټɡ

㣡üԲҪǻʹ϶˵ȥ˺졣

վ欸СЩִȫС
ȴˣλʺ˰֣ɫ΢طԸ澴ȥ¡

ֻҡҡͷЦٻ˵ʲôλʺ֮ɫȴȥ欲ͷһ̽ǰ

Ůʺ򸣽𰲡Ȳظ񣬲ֵĸȥǰصطԸŮ˵ʺٳͻ籾ͷģǧ򲻿ɸ鷳Ҫҽö˲СŪѻӲʣ͵ƫ

λʺĬ£ΣƤЦӯӯĿ欣û뵽Сµݡ

ޣ׽ӻ
Ϊ֪ǰ³жĹϵӽս֮ͷʼһֲԤС

λʺ̾¹ڻŻϣ˲Ǵʱȥһʲô£ɲøϽ

λʺ£̬ŵ豭һڣ΢΢Цջؾ֪ܲϴ߻˽Խ裬ƫͳ£λ軹徣֮󣬻Ͼ¹˵¹ʱκ˶Խ

ЩʲҲ˵λʺһòɻؾ

λʺüͷ΢䣺¹С뱾ͬã±ȻҲʱȻչöˣ뱾˿

䣬λʺٲǿڵĻᣬ˽Ǵ¸¡

ָ߬ʶ̧ͷ˲ԶݬB½ƽһۡ

ǰʱҲλȻλʺһնס

ݬB֪ǰͻϳ£ģҲǰ䣬Ҳ֪³϶һȥ
ڳţ¡

½ƽǰ֮ʣͻȻǰʺ˵üǣλòݿƽڴ˴λõǸʺĪҪ

λʺ΢΢¡

С̫ϥ£¹ףʺ裬ƽʵýݵȻҶȴҲýԼλðڵô͡

λʺʱ̫ʲô

ֹλʺ󿴲ףҲ͸
¹Ůȴ¼ҶףƽҲȽϲʱôͻȻ˵Щ

λʺЦЦ˵ЦˣҲΪ˱ֱŲŻŪ࣬ôֻλ¼ҹ·ǱὫǳһȻĲȥ£ʵڽ̱ġ

Ц£Ŀ΢䣺˵ǣֻǰϣҲΪƵ³⣬ҲܹĸСġ

λʺɫۿɼٶȳ

ûһأЦƽֱĿ죬Ҫǵﲻʹ죬ƽڴ˸ƽĸͬסλһ£˼ĸģʺԸҲи

λʺЦһʼֻΪ·ߵ磬أû뵽

üԣƽִ̫ġ
˸ʺû£ƽȴλûȥ£ǼС£ҪǾϵĸʣǿɲá

λʺ󼸺顣
ѾͷѵŮԼ۳谮ǰžֱĸһޡ

Կһۣ˶⾿ô¡
ôͻȻǣ

˸뿪ͻʱһͷˮ
½ƽݬBʱתɨһۣǲܽȥͷš

½ƽЦĸĹΪβܽ
Ц߸ֻԼ֮ǰʲô¡
½ƽ
ݬBǰһ幫ϷԸģġ

ĿɨָӡգζЦ£ݽְ»涨ں󹬣ҵƽʱҲǽվſڡ

ָָԵ´
˱ſڡ

½ƽץͷǶˣӦòʲô˰ɣ

ݬBĬ£΢΢ף˵ﶼ¹ԼˣѲߵĽҲǻ԰ѡġ˵˵ǳ˻ϵɹȫĵطʺķǹȲϡ

-

˽ʱ欻Щġ
Ͼ½ƽݬB⣬Ҫͷʲô£ֹţ¹ǣ
ǡ
ĿȻƵϡ
¹ŮӦòẦԼĸײŶԡ

嵹ûô࣬Ĺ澶¹ˣֽܿڼ¡

й澶Ųˮ˽һһ
ɵɵԭأЦĸ͸ʹΪ۸ˡ

¹òƣʮ־£񣬻ͬһ˫̡ۣ
ֻ¹Ǵº͵ЦݣȴһЦֱֱģе

֮ȴָղ԰ǰ㣬ֱֱĶ
ڿǲЩŮ˵¹Ů

欱üڣ΢΢ܿۡ
԰лȣ欸м

ʲôЦһȻЦðΣֵҪᣬҲΪǣֻǺݽĹϵԲŴ󷢴ȱس֡

欴ݽղڶμ棬κιϵ

ۣζȻġŶһô˵ҪǸʽҪӦҲûϵ

΢΢ü
е֣˵Ǽǹһ˾
⡣

˵ƵᣬҡͷЦⷬݽ˸жѹ
欳Ĭ
ʱֻ˸Եͷ

ûϴ˻԰˰ʱ뿪

صͻʱ¹Ѿӻ۽ü̴һ⣬ʺЦ̡

屻֮ھͺܽţܸȥڿ˻ڷ

빬ʱߵò࣬
ݬBϲֻںͷ

ͻϱ˴죬һ欵֣ȥˣӦûΪɣ

ҡͷĬƬ̣˵ֻңݬBҪȥҽ鲻⡣
ü
ڵɴۣ⻰ʲô˼ݬB⣿

֪ҲǶе⣬ȴ屻ʺΪʱ֣ʵڹŹֵĺܡ

صฮʱ͵⡣
ݬBںͷϱЦ˲䵭
ݴ󽫾ôõͷƺ̫׵

˵仰ʱڸպô塣
Ŀ⸴ӵĿݬBһۡ
ͻ欸ݬBԼԼʱҲȫˡ
壺ͻ磬ָõ
ʲô廳Լˣɫ˲

ǰ뽫ݬBקԶ㣬ݬBѾ̫Եĺӡһ
ڸղԶȫûݬBһ£ͬһ
ݽ

Цá

ฮ岻ǰʧ̬סƢǰߣȽȥ˵

ݬBŽȥȴֽ̧£ݽϴӦ˵úˣฮܽĵط

幫ȫҸ¶仰Ӧһ˵ݬBӿ֡

ɢֱۣӰסݬBδȬ硣
ס

ݬBͣסͷɫ͸ʺ죬Ҫ|ѣȴһϤɤڸ





45.  ѧ׷   Ҫɱ壡˫

ʮ

欿ݬBַ, ޱ飬ɱ⣬͵һҶʲô
˵ͬʱ, 첽ˡ

ݬBָ΢ɿ, ࡣ
СѾǰ˫ƯǾ䡣

ϵʹԶĿڵۡ
ݬB, ɤеɬûС

ʱѽ͵ϼ, ĲһӰճ, ͦεΡ

ݬBǹһĨܵЦݣ΢䣬Ŭά겻Ц, ȴЦеӲ

һ޵ѪζڿС

΢΢, ʶ̧ۿݬB硣

µ֣ЦһٴθֱЦ⣬Ҳģݽ˵, ʱʱ̸̿㡣

欿ݬB˵

ݬB΢΢ס޵ʹƯıţָ΢΢
ηˣѵ¶ֲ

ͻ, 빬ǰ½ƽһԣǲǷˣôܵǰ欵

һȵƷĹٽףһ乫ȫԻǰ֮١

úõĴ󽫾ȥʲô½ƽݬBһ١ٶķ컹¹Լ죬Ѿ͵޶ȡ

ֿѣ켸ʮɱоʧȫǰջӢۣϲһˣίԼ

½ƽݬB΢΢Цţһţϵĺָӡȴô̲סƿڴѵû𣿡

ݬB¡
ͻȻĳЩƬΡ
ǰ½ƽҲƵ̬ƿڴ

ʱ˼£˶ɱˣ½ƽ¡
ǰ½ƽץ½һߵᣬһ߶ƿڴ

ǰ½ƽȻûᣬ˫ȴͬɺ졣
񣬾͸ʱһģһʹ࣬ʧ벻⡣

ݬB֪ԼʱյΪֹ̫½ƽѾ쵽ޡ
Ц̧ȭ½ƽǰ£Ҫˣ
½ƽƤЦⲻЦҪתƻ⡣

Ĭ£Ц˵ûʲôҪ
ֻҪֻܿҪܴߣٷҲԸܡ

仰Ȼû˵ڣ½ƽȴʲô֪ˡ

½ƽȻ̧һȭݬBҪסһ£ûκһ˻ȥϲҪԼˣԭ㣬ٴϲ㣬Ҳͬϲѵ㡣

ݬBĸ̫ʵ½ƽ֮˻һ۵죺ʶ񣬴ͲϲһˣϲûǸСѾͷϲ㣬ҲԲ㡣

Ѿ֪ôźá

ôǰЦôŲôע⡣

ôԸԭ

Ĳ֪ҪߣҪ˹ΥʥּҲҪߣôӽ

͵͵Ķ
ֻΪվűˣȡλãػ

΢˴粽欣ԵĶռִҰһ㣬ĵӿ

İ϶취ɱǸˡ

ݬBָ΢欵ĺ΢΢ɢ
оԼֻصʱʱôŬûа취

ฮھĵضΣδۡţȴⲻĶȴһӰʲôҲ

BڻС˵ЩҪס󣬴ӱˣ֮Ҳʹ࣬Կ־塢ʹʧܣǶӱǰ

ӱֻԼԽԽʹֻ࣬¸ҵܲʹ࣬ӭж⡣

ĸ׵ôᡣ
ô̵Լȴѡˡ

ǵã﷿ʱڰϵ龰
ʱãµУѾеԳˡ

Ϊʵ̫ʹ࣬Ѿе˵ʱʲô

ֻǵãﱧ
ûа취
ʵ̫Сˣôûá
һĴ󺰴Уһ߿ޣһߺţͶҧˣȫѪζ
ôû˽
ûˡ

֪ôźãֻúܣʹࡣ
ֱȥҲû˽

ڵĸоʱ񰡣׸ôŶԣ

뿪ÿҹӹηͷ벻ܲ˴ߣǰһһС
Щͼ谭ǵͨͨʧ
Ҳǣǰɱ壬˶ɱ⡣

ܡôģҲԭԼ

ˣػһΣصȥ𣿻صСʱǻصջؾʱûҪ֮ǰҲá
Ӧһж᲻һ

ڵްΣյϢ

ĵӿһǿҵĳ嶯㵽û˿ĵطԼķЩ߰ķͷ

ݬBͻɱ⣬ɫ΢䣬ٴΰסݬBļ磬ȴ磬Ƚȥɡ

ߴСŴɤݬB粻ʶ͵ѹ
ָ֮󣬲Լųַ뷨ٿЦ
ʱôʹ࣬ѡӱܣôӱܡ

ٴξ۽ǰСʱǡöԴǵ

xǼ䣬ͻȻӿԴԴҸ㡣
·һůӿʹܱ֫ٺϸظƽеʹ

ǻᵣġ
Ҹ
ݬBǲԾ

ͻȻСʱ˵ЩҲһֲ©ĸ߹

ʱСߡ꣬Сÿ춼ЦݣԼʱҲȫǾ˵Ц⡣

˵Щĸ׸ģҪһμĲС

СԴЦЦӵһǸˣԹӲŻôᡣ

ʵһҲᣬֻôá

ЦЩ޿κΣЩ欶סû

Сص˵ͷסԺ϶ҲΪһˡ

СѾͷʹСС;Ϳ̬˼ůȴɱ棬֪㡣
·һֱôõġ
ǸܺúܺõĹ

ʵЦˡ
ͷԼûЦ⡣

-

Ҳģ̇һ֣΢΢£ͣڰռ˲ࡣ
ƹݬBվߡ

ݬBһĶʱ߸𣬰ؿ
ֵԵʱ
һᵶսҪ˽뺦¡

˵ֱΪ΢΢
ʺɫѪӿ׽۱ȾһƬ졣

欿磬Ĭһ£Ƥ˵ȥ

֪֪֮ǰôҲǵѹһŵĿ֮ǰǶ𣿡

̧ͷЦЦ磬ûΪǵãҲҵĶˣȴӶ

ɫЩ۵׸Ц⣺֪֪ϡ

΢΢죬ⴹɨ֡
𣬴Ƚȥɡ

£Ҵҽһأ̧֣εĹıǼ⣬ɢͳɤȫЦСѾͷԭͿˡ

欺ٺٵЦЦ
ΣЦ⣺֪Ϊҳˡ

úûȥҲݬBúûš
֮ûޣĶˣΪ

ǰһֱ취һؾ뽫ߣζҪߡ

Ҳ֪᯼ŮĴԹֺܶˣùֵϡ

ֻǲٻȥֱ-Ƶ

ݬBǵĳӿΪˡ

ع֮ûз´ûгΪ֮ͨǰ˵ûܹʲôίߵЩССݡ

дЩҲѺ͵ľ֮֡
Բ˭ӦôΪáΪ˺

崽ɢЦ⣬ĵȴЩζ

֪֪ŪģСͷģһҲ֪֪Ͳס
һ֪֪ѾˣֻҪķãô͵Ķ硣
ǻûˣôȢ

ʹΪγٳٲϳףЩ뷨߸ףֻˡ뷽跨Ȱ¹ȥҪס

ϣֻüҵֶӱܣԼǽ壬⾩к˼ҵ㣬ٲҼ

ʱҲãԼˣȻΪʱһԼΪʱΪһ¾ִš

û취ھ֪֪꣬ǰ°֮һֱμʱ龰

֪֪Ķ޺ң硢硢硭
С֪֪ȴΡ
޵ң涣ȴʼĶһܾ

ҪԼҲ֣Ҫȴʲôûץ
ֻĿ°ߣĿ۵ò֪Ǻá
һҲ޷ʡ

Լϵã뷨Ҳ

ֻҪԸ⣬Է¼ҶӵݡֻҪ뿪ǣȥûʶǵĵطɿԵһɾ£һǳǳá

͸ģǴСͶ£С˵Ҫ޸統ӣ㱻ȡЦҲҪ˵

÷ɬȴĵƤ

欼òΪˣСس䣺硭

ݬBǵĻ欵ģоԼҪɬ

岻źۼƳݬBһۡ

ֻݬBޱĶ΢΢βѾοһĨ죬ȫǱɱļʡ

Ǻ޲ɱȴֵ֪֪֪֪κξٶֻվԭأŭʹĿ

岻˹ͻȻ

ˣ֪֪ǻϲݬBֻ֪֪ǰ˶ԴԲŻ˵Щ֪֪ҲᵣعͷԼ

һָֻյıЦһȥ

ݬBжʻŭһͣطӿ̧СԴ˲ѹֲסĵǰһ
Ҫɱ壡

вȻͷһۡ
ݬB͵ͣסƽģɵĿǸ֥Źӡ
վ欱󣬳Ƶü˵֪֪ҵġ

С̧ͷһɵգŴ۾ʲô

ݬB˫ȭգֱ¶ڽѹз
һҪɱ壡

˽ʱڶ㶡
û뵽欻ͬݬB̤ฮ

תͷԸиҽ

ݬBԭΪǰ԰Լ˿ڣȥ븮ҽʱӿһ˵ʧ䡣

ʧͬʱִСͱ˵
ֽݺǰغ

˵˫ȻǰĿŵĿȴͬʢ㡣

ΪʲôҪҽʡ
˵ݬBѿ
̧̧üɣҽҽҺá
Ц£ǰڵҽԺְֽ̳ģҽȻȲ㡣

ҪˣȻڴݬBܿͱͷĶ˿ڡ

ݬBļ˺أȻһʼôĿģڿ˿ʱ̲סͺһôŪôǵóʱ˿ڻúõġ

һüһ˿ڣɫԽԽء

欼ˣʱؾݬBúˣЩϰٽر

ڵĵͺԭڶǻ̲ס̽ͷʣôˣ𣿡

ݬBԭޱ飬˿ۣҲüǼС̽ͷ̲סЦˣĵ׳ɬʹ֮⣬˱ĸо

Էθظеãüؿվſڵ欣ء

ڲΪȻһزأҪ԰㿴Ҫˡ

ͷһʶȥ˵Ρ

ݬBԭֻſ̽ͷСż˹Ķ÷˶ůȪˮ⵽òУҸ

欸վ˿ڣھȡƣһҵƽ̫ҽԺҵ

ԺУסݬBϵˣ͵ؾҡΡ
÷ۼֿطס
ɫĽ˳ȥ׼һ᷿ҵΡ

вУ㻹׼īҴдһ˲Ų˷ʱ䡣

жǸղһۿľЩ㱣ֱظһ飬͵ػع׼ķıдãͷԸСƽַԸ׼᷿

ҪݬB׼᷿ü۲õһ壺֪֪Ҫฮס£

ҡҡͷӳĬƬ̣Щȷؿڣ磬ղݬBļʱǲǺǲ

ɫ΢䣬ʶΪҪ׼᷿ɫ̹ȻҡͷûУЩҲĴϣôĿŵļ硣

ڵƣԺкܿ͸˹ʱ󻹸½ƽ

½ƽڻʹݬBɢ֮󣬾ͶԻظ׷ĲݬBַɵ£һֱฮ涢š

˵¶Ӷݽ֣ݽֿʼѪ֮뵽ҪҪȹฮ֮С

ݬBǸ΢ģʵһ
û뵽ûã˻˵ฮ˽Ժˡ
½ƽϾסˣ׼ฮ

ฮʱַǷ

ϣ˹ȻصฮҲŸ˹

۽ݬBָɸ֪֪ʱӾյϢֻʱʵ̫æиҪҪ鲻

һͼ½ƽڸִʲô
΢΢һ
½ƽڣݬBҲڡ

ΪϾǿӲؽݬB֪֪ߣ֪֪ҲԲ̤ฮ벽ģô£

ӷɿ컷һȦȴδݬBӰü˲һ㺮˪

ӴԺݬBϳһʱȴҵڰݬBΣȥҵʱᱻ˴ϡ

Ժڣض½Ų

˹üôԺУ
̾ݽʵ̫أҴ

˹΢΢һ٣뵽ʱ˵ЩĿ塣

壺ҲǣûУĸûϵ





46.  ѧ׷   ֹ˵˫

ʮ

Ժ뿪ʱʱ, ӼҸŮһ븮͡

һ·û˵ʣ, ݽ˲˵ǰ㣬Ǳ, ԩ
û˵꣬ͱԺгϣ߹ٱ飬ҽ, ɶԶʧ
ԺɫݽֻǾ˸޴󰭡

ίı˱졣
Ǿ˸, ˸ûù
˿ڳײظ, ϡЩײĺۼʮָɾ䣬ͺ˹õ˿ڴһһּ򵥶ֳֶ, ͨƹ, 䲻ȴʹʹ

ݬBȻÿ춼нϸ˿ڣ˿ڷҩδȴѼƣٹЩӲֹ綼Ҫ, ҲҪû

ȥǰԺǲԼŮ죬ÿӷԸйݽˣСŮ˵ʲôָʹĪҪ档

ڣ
΢΢ףԺҰģȻ˵ݽֻǾ˸, Ȼɡ
ԺĻһЦ̡

ɫ΢صฮͷһҡ

᷿ϢݬBק˳½΢ۣҪЦЦִ˿һ¡

½ƽһҧݬB岻ҪݬBձõ˿ڣԼƸ

Ҳ˵ݬBԸԸ⣬½ƽȾͲϡ

ڴִݣ˹ȴλƵƷŲ裬ϲʱںԺ׼ޡ

ӽľöվһԣšü˼ԥʲô

欼ݬB˿ڣԺΪʱھ͸˵ôһ£ʱĵдŵĴ𰸣֪ȷ޹ġ

ôˣԣǾ̫˵ϻа취ǰ
欿ɼ˲˵ͷ

Ӷ˵εǰɱڡ
ɱӣ˲䰲
ü΢ŤͷʣԪʲô
½ƽûĵ֣ݬBһԡ

յͷ欣΢Σ𣿡
ǰһ̻Ҫˮü۾ͣЦ⸡֡

ڳ˹⣬ͬʱ

䴽Ц
ݬB¶ʲôģȥ
ݬBָ΢ĿЦģԼС

½ƽִʱⲻκη˲ǰ¼˶⣬ҲԼơ
ߣκη

򴽣ݬB԰׵ӣѪɫıͻϵķٴӿͷ
ĬƬ̣˵Ժȥǰ˵ݽ˸յúúˡ

ҩݬB֮⣬ֹ˵

ڹ֮ǰݽظúˣڼ䣬ݽչ˿ڣĪҪײϡ֮һӴ˿ڣ˿ãݽٸְҲ١

ݬBɫ΢ף뵣ͻҳɳսֻҪ˼ǣãԼһ˿иԼʱӭս״̬ԩ

뵽ղ˿Ѫģģ뵽֪᯼ҴʱѪ龰ǹ˵塢ķ˲仯һŷŭĻ档

ѰˣԼԶĻҪ֮ÿ춼ڸԼѾ¸ݬBûκιϵǧǰʧ̬ʱʱ̿СעԴʡ

ûãԼǸǰһǰμװ侲¾жȣ˵ˣһݬBȴǸǰһ׾ͿƲסԼ

ͱ˹ߵý˵СƢԼ־㣬ǲܿصð

һŸʱ֮󣬾ͻʱڡ

ǹĥԼ˿ϵİɣΪʲô

Сﲻ֪ûѹۿ΢΢šݬBܣʶ̧֣ǰβ뽫塣

欶ԭȲ˹ͻȻ

֪ʧ̬ͷסϵ顣
ݬB̧һ΢΢һ˹˵ͬʱĬĬ˻ȥ

˹ǰ΢΢ЦţݽȻǻ׿ָɸСŮȻ¼ҵĸȷʵúúϢգ´϶УҪΪ¼Ҳּ㣬ʱϿҪ欶

˹꽫˵õˮ©ҴݬBĵϣ᲻欣Ҳҳܾɡ
ةԲ飬ֻǹν֣񳯰ݣ©

ǰһվԣضĻݽ赣ģ幫ν־ţߣּչҵΣݽţҲֻܴںͷڼҺúˡ

üĿĵۣصˣͿ͡ݽСĽͳ
ɢЦְ̧˸롱ƣ߻ӣݽ롣

һһһһ˵ݬBڵĻᡣ
ʶ̧һۡ

ֻСƫͷԸ
ҸǣݽúˣĪҪΪѡ
ŵıݬBĶˣ˱ۣת뿪

ݬB½ƽȥ˹Ƥ欣յϢʱѾ취ؾϧ̬ǿӲ˵һ֪֪ǲ뿴ݬBΥʥּҲ취ߡ

ӵͷ嵭

欻ǵòǰ˵ĻûϻشҲĬƬ̡
˹üͷĬȻ
ãȻ΢΢ҡͷûв뿴

ɫϾͱˣ뿪Ȱ˹һס죬˴ߡ
ܿʣӡ
Ĭ˰ΣŵҪҸ˵⼸֮ûйฮΪﲡˡ

΢΢һΪӻйݽ£û뵽ֻδᡣ

ƺ֪ʲô£Ҷ֧֣㵽ʱˣҲ취
⻰˵úΪ޷һ
ĻɵЦˣὫҳ軵ġ
üΪȻΣ

Ҫɵڶʱˣ欿ĵЦ˵ʱ䣬漴Цݣ᯷Ϊβˣ

Ӽ˳ƺĸףĵײмꡣ

欼ĵ׳˳ĪЩܣ漴вʳڣΪʱ˹ֲֻһڴϣڲõĹϵ᯷˲Żܴһ𣿡

Ӳѹҡͷ֮ͣһֲ©˵
֮󣬲ŵصɴۡ

̫μǰʱ裬˱Ͷ£ֹ̫μˣ¼öμˣ
ţһݬBˣμǰ֮£ƺҲ޿ܡ

ѹνգ̫¹ʱ˫Ŀͨ죬һԳֵģ
Ǿ˾˹ʼɫ侲δй¶

Ҳμ𣿡̲סʡ
ҡͷûС

֮󣬾ͳٳδѣ̫ҽҲ޲ߣصԺΪԺ˵岢ûʲô󰭣ӦѲŶԣ²̫Ĵ̼ԲԸԡ
ء
Żظҹ㣬ԸԸһ᯸һ

欱ʹԼĸֻǻʺͻȻͻòʱרѧϰ档ͻȻδȫͨ͸Ҳյʱȥ᯸һˡ

ھ͸ȥ𣿡
ҡͷɫһظɡ

-

ԴǴٹɢ֮ݬBûع˽լ٣Ҳʼס½ƽۡ
¼ͳȴ½ƽҪع

½ƽãЩҶգعȻҪҷ˼ҷϼˣҪθ欽㻹벻ˣ

ݬBЩƣıۣѾӦҪȥˡ

Ժ˿ʱ־ԶԽǰСҲ֪ǲǹģصúܣʹûʲô֪磬˿̾Ȼʹ

һۣԺȫ欸ղź۵ģĿҲ˿˿
ݬB˫۽գѵЩǱع˹ǡ
ǻﶼۡ

½ƽݬBĻȴü¾׹ʱƿԡ
ã΢΢̾˿Ըĵ
ͬһȥ㶼ҸۡôգҴٹӦòΪ

ݬB֪½ƽڰɵǳЦȻΪ߻ӿ棬ԡ
½ƽЦңǼĸǳһ󡣡
ݬB£ѵЦ

ٹ˵ӻˣŭȥԷ
ȻȻٹһԷ½ƽԣҪҷ
ԭ뿴Ϸû뵽߻ȴŻɵüǰĵȰٹ
ӣǰǴĸǻݬBϲܷٹ߻ǰҳ

ٹ޼ٱﲻסһӵ£ѵû𣿽ջͻϣ׿ָȥ幫ʲôǰ̣Ǹ幫ͲǻϵŮҾܲƽмҲ飬Ҳܾʹưհݡ

ﲻ֪ݬBԻǰ̵Ϣʱ֪ж࿪ġ
㲻ưհΣѲҪΥʥּ
ٹ˵ˡ
ǸƷС٣ӵĹλߣʲôΥʥּ

ЦЦ

ٹڻ֪λ幫ò뵱ݬBߵǸСͨһģһҪֶӾȻΪһŮ˶䣬ҪιȥпܴϾӹϵ

һТΪȣһٹݬBϳţʱݬBǰ̾٣Ҳݲ

˼ˣݸһЦ
ͻȻе㿪ʼڴպĹˡ

ա

˹֪Ҫӻ᯸ѵ¶֮ɫ
ȥǰЩĵؽҪǰ񡭡£ĿڣҪĸ˵ʲôĻǧϣʮǰ͵ʧķ裬ʱʱõʱˣʱ򡭡

˹˵⣬Ȼص̾˿
Ҳǽ˵˵Ĵҹ㣬ʮȴǻòɵ

˹欼ʱܻѿԵظĸΪα⸱ģ

ΪŮһﶼ⣬ҲѡģƫƫΨϣɲ

Ǵʮױļױͼ޸һźŵ̽ɣ˶¡
Һ̽ûйģУʱڷģԸһһһ˫ˣ檡

̽ɾ˳֮Ҳȷɷˡ

ƫƫʱѲȻĸƽȴֱպá֮꣬Ȼԣ˵ػ˺ӣȴÿζûܰ£Ӿûˡ

ӱΪʱܿ𣬽˼κ֮󣬸ǴǰԸܿ࣬ö֮ҹ
˹һ̲꣬סĨǲͷҡ
˵ԼǲˣΥԣңֱ̧ظС檱ǣ͵͵Լ

Ҳô롣

û檣ֻһңһȻһΪĴҽ취ӣȴһҲû
ô̵סôʱ䣬Լİ֮ˣûС檣Ȼֻ롣

ЦãĽͣȴȥ
СرϲСϲŮ˹ͷһ̥˸Ů֪жĽ

Ҫǿ»֮ҹûǰ޹һ޾˷磬ֻ޴ĺ
źţȻһٰ꣬繡

ûԸУֹУ˹ѾɵҲڲʱУ˵ϲš

ҲΪˣ¼˶ţκûܱס
ֻԼͬʱϺӵɩɩºӣҪ

ҺãȻٰڣϲأΪ˱סӣֱƽºǰ齡
˵жã齶ãϲǴδϹ˵һ·µ

Ϊӣڵò۲ѣʮº󣬺ƽأԸǸƯɰС
ĿµСȻܿͳҵͷ

˶Ϊʹһ˳죬һĿҸ֮ʣû뵽˴¡
ƴ˰塢òײŮȻΪ°ߣʹ䲻

ۼŮ°ߣܴʹһû֮͵ʧķ衣
޷Ůû˵ʵ
ܲʮ»̥òı

֮£Ӧöˡ˹˵
˹˵Щ֮ǰңֻڡ
֮󣬾þ˵

ûԼĸȻΪôֳôࡣ

ʵ֪ԼϷ򸾵ʱԹģ֪ʱǻǿӲǵģҲȻѹġ
ϾǶʱôغãĸ֪ʱ䲻ԼŮͷ
뵱᯼ҵŮѡ˹Ϊ

ĵףǲԭǵģĸĹ֮ͻȻãȻˡ

˹䣬ǰο֪֪𣬵ǰ񲻹һзҪ㣬ȻΪ㣬࣬ǲĴһжǰԼѡһǵõ̫˵ʱûбԹһ仰úҸΪһܱ㣬ƽ

쳣أһ˵ĸζǿЦЦ
˹겻ٶԣڰ֣ʾӿԴ欻᯸ˡ

һǰһӼ뿪ฮ֮һֱ˵Ŀ˼Ƭ̣ڲȥ᯸ǿԼҼ˴ظ

款ĬƬ̣˵ʵҵ˵Ҫ᯷ˣֻ뵱Ϊϲʱ䲢Ů
΢΢ĿҪͣȴԹԵ˵ȥղĻѾ֪ˡ
ΪҪһ֧ȥɡ

Įѵøһ˿ʹࡣ
㻹Ҫ᯸𣿡
Ҫ
Ҫȥ᯸ֹҪҪǸǰǰʼҫʢ˵ʱ䣬ھʲôģ





47.  ѧ׷   ֪֪С

ʮ

ٴ˻ظ, ǼӴ˸òĹ̲סͶԺ۹⡣
Ⱦͱ֪¼, ɫ糣, ֱ̫ӴﵽԺ

ӣĸ׿ˣ
ҡҡͷ
ָ΢飬оĪ

Ӵ뿪, ʼհǲֵͷӶ
ӴλȻױ嵭͵, ȴĵüĿ续ȥһ, ֪ǾļҹŮ

欽մѰŮȣǵ͵Щ°ɫխ, ɫ˿ϻնгȹ, Ҳ٣ֻһ֦ε׺С

˼򵥵װ磬ɽ˾ޣĿ

ʹվһǰ䡣
˵, ӷӹȽϰ䡣
˷⣬ҴûôÿĹ
ôһ˵ǹüƺмơ

û¼˵ͷ˵ʲôฮǴӵױ, ټվҪΪӹҲǿ۵ˣٺСıӷ

ŹԹԱ죬ҽ

-

᯸լ䲻ฮǰ㸻ȴҲװľ´ͥԺɽˮ̨ͤ¥鶯¡

欱ĹЩȴֶԼʱס֮ظе棬һ·ūͲ࣬Ӵػ۵ȵ뾫µĴţԺŷ֣᯸ūͲ࣬ȫˡ

ѾվĿбӣ븣񣺡ū澼ӣ

ฮҲټųɵЩ죬ȵЩ˶ĳƺ
Ϊν

ǿɻ󣺡ĸ׵ԺӣЩǩˣ᯸ĵūͣǶ֪᯸Ĵλñġ

欲죺һ˳ȥ˶ҪΪѰңŶʱĺʱǱʷ࡭

ӲΪȻع˹һߴƿţһߵ˵֪֪밢ʶӦҲжŲǣôҵģ˵ݶпĻʵ߹ƽʱЩԹʷٲˣٶһҲʲôοʱģʼٸΪ˭

ʱǰ빬þͳ£˶Ƶóֲ빬λ벻˸ϵǲ˵ſϷû뵽ûȵ̫֣ʱ䲢᯼һϷ

ŨŨҩζӵ񻨴͸˽齱ߣһ̧ͷͿ԰ϣЩȻ̫

һ㶡

欻ǵóฮ죬̫ʮȴɲ꣬㣬Ӳվʱӵֵܡ

ղʱһͷڷͷ׷ֹòϲ٣ɫҲպ
Ƕ̶գ˲˶ʮһ

̫֪ǲ˯ˣ̸ȻҲ

һҲ⣬ߵԣ΢΢|˵Ҵ֪֪ˡ

̫ŻعתͷЦ£۽ȴʼմõ͵͵ģǲֱ
ֻ˵û

̬ɫ˵ģʱԶĿһ᯸֮󣬾һֱĵǵĪȻһɬӿϱͷ

ʶ߽һ΢΢ʣô
ôһҹͷˣ
ΪӲΪμǰ߶У

˵꣬ͻȻƿբٰղס
̫˫˫һ

̫òѰŮޣ۵Ҫ絶ʡ
ææҵӰĨ᣺ôˣ֪֪ޣúӣˡ

Ӳᰲοˣ欶ôˣҲСʱֱӰñ塣

ޱʱ۽ƳϣԶյĸ۽鲻ͣ䡣

ûʲôĿѵøһ˿ţҴҵһ䡰ȥ̫ҽתȥ

̫ʶʲô˵齱ߣҵסĸ֣΢|ɤȫϲ𣿡

ﻹˮϵĸԼƵ٣ζӳ¡
ĬĬᣬ齱ߡ
ֻĸͣᣬƤ΢۽|

欼ƺ븱ȴʼ۵ģԾؿ

ĵԹĸȴҲʱس谮ضã

ϾӵˣȻЩ࣬ȴҲԶȵΪĺҪࡣ

ѵĸҲ̫һμǰԸɴԼج֮УһУ

欿ͷ׷ֿ̫ڴֹȴǻԲѵĸ뵽뿪ฮǰ˹˵Щиط

Ժٿһģ䡣

۵СŮޱһòiĸ˱ڻУػصţںСŮ˯ڸ档
ϡԪˣӦ֪֪Ҫ֪֪͡͡͡
СŮͻȻҪô˵Сüͷһţ۵Сǿա
ЦŽӵͻơ
СŮЦԣͻƣҪԱǺ«ɳζġ

ЦΣ֪֪նˣٳԱҪۡ
СŮ˵ǶѾӦҪˣ˵ۡ
СŮ޵ŴŴģֽĶˡ

˳εЦͷཱུС֪֪⼸û磬ʱӦģ
εӦҵġ

һתԪƽڣ磬ַǷ
СŮԲİͷƯɫžµСѣɰˡ

СŮ޵İҪǣƫϣҪĶ籧СԲϣƬ¶ĺС촽߸ţҲҪ֣Ҫǣ

һ˵һཱུСǣסģСк
Ҳ㰢֣
ɶ֪֪С֪֪ԺҪ޸磬֪֪Ҫǣ
ԳưֵСк·ĪĴµС˲˦֡

תԭЦֿģҸЦݵСŮѳޡ

棬˺ѷεĿ޺ҪĶֶȲתͷ˺İֺҵػ֣غţģְ֣ǿ֪֪֪֪¡

Ϊ˾ܲسȴ˺ݺͱһһߣδ
òƾ˾˵Ťȴвôˣˡ
òСкɫŵȴߵС˼Ѿƴקλס

Ǹ˹һƬңվԽԽԶԶҲ
ֱ̫һƽΣڹԹ԰

Щڲʱ䣬ư欵Ժһһ֡
Ȼһϣ׻㽩ԭأòѹµٴӿ

ʵҲ᯸ģֻʵûа취ʱԽƣûа취ԭĸ

ڼǱӣǵ֪ĸǷѾǧԼȴʧȥԼʱ款ͷ֣޷֮ǰǳԹŭ

ȫʱжİ¼ҵλж˾˺͹ĸҲǴٰĺãСС;ͳ빬УһˣиŰٰ㸴ӵζ

ЩЩģԭ޷ʹ⣬ϲúۡ
Ϊ˾һҲֵ׳ĸټǰ׷Բԡ

ʱ϶ֹۣ֪ղŽ˾˻ȻȴŮûˣʧķ衣

ԼжĸΪʲôҪϣȴֶĲأ
ǻдųʧôǴûзѰ
ҲùǣùֵˣѵǹλĿ³Եĵ

欲֪ԣӯڽޣЩίԹȥȻ齱ס̫ĸֻ֣˵ֶʱһ顣

̫͵̧ͷѪ˿˫ȫţɬСؿں֪֪
Լΰ㡣

ˮݹ٣˸貵Ĺâģﲻµġ

̫죬䵽ϣ˽һ֣¡
ԭȫλںʹĺϲõĹâ

ֺȻ¡

̫æۣȻԶյȻۡ
Ҳˡ
۵ģָղżеˡ

ȴѲƼǰòʺҲ¹ǰ㱣ˣµĿ̺ɣ겻Ĳϡ

˫ˮ⣬ʹںۼ𣬻ĸ

Ȼ鸣֪ΪΣ֪϶ҲεǰŲ֪Ҫôп־ʵ

ĸŮִֻ࿴ۣҭ

þò۽޺Ǳ޴ض㿪Ŀ⣬ҧס촽ʹޡ

һӱʵ̫ãԼ̫ãų̫ãͻʧԼѹֹҪͬʱѿ

ӣתһǻ

ҧ촽ĸһҲסʹֻں޵ط

-

˵Ҫ˽̫ҽȴԼԽԺ˹

Ժû뵽᯸欣ɵ΢΢һĿƵĸϣһ
òƣ˫һ޵ͮͮģв⡣
ͻȻʶʲôȴʼհĸ

Ժкܿһʰҩ䣬һ˵᯷˱ͳģ˴̼ŻԲѣѹֻٿҩʱ±޴󰭣ֻҪע̼ܵ

ĸûд󰭣ű信ڸһ˿Ц⡣
лԺУмպҪæĵطܿڡ
ԺЦЦζؿһۣͷҲص˵ҪټӰѾ
ԺߵСҩڴʲôգæ׷ȥԺд˴˻⣿
ԺЦ

ĸӱټϻԶգʹһ֧ܿٴγ˯ȥ

̫ĸò׿ٴԼŮ˵强⼸˴ڽ״̬ˣŮҲˣһɣ˲˯ȥ

ڵʱԺлδȥ֮һ˰ҩ

Ӳ֪Լʱ£ĸö˫Ŀͨ죬Ųµʲô¡

Ĭ˲ʲôҲûʣֻ˵᯸Ҳļңʱ룬ﶼЪ£֪֪Ҫฮˣ

欸ղſ޹ױЩϸĵؽ˴ˮźϴױѶµġ
Ȼʱģϻ欲ãӱ׼üѣԱʱ֮衣
ݶѴãϸѷǰſ޹

ԽֳӴԽʵǸ֮ˣɵ͵Ц£ʵϸԺиˡ

Ӽ鿪Ц΢ͳɤԾط᣺ɻҪȥʱ䣿

欼ԼȡЦЩȤͷҪ

ֱת׼ȥʱ䣬ŷְֵĶ΢΢졣
ͻȻãԼðﰢһѲŶԡ

-

ʱлҪ

᯼ȻûŰҲûп״Сûܹ࣬Ȼִʢ˵ǧСɶõĻˣ˶Ԩ֮Уһֻ

ÿţūιʱԸ죬˫ȥɫǸǰܱȡ
ʱĿʱԹʱ£ģǷߺ޲ʡ
ʵ죬Ǻ޲欣븹һ㡣

欲ûоô
ͻȻЩ̣Ҳͬ顣
ڶǵǰʱ佫ԼеŮ棬һ֮˵Ļ

עֻܴڰס

ǵõʱʱ俴ıжưڴЦ

һؤȻҲФĴӣҲԼʲôݣպݴ󽫾̧Ϊ檣첻ԼĶ͸뵽գһжȡԹñˡ

ٹһգǹ䣬û취һֱ᯸ȥʱϷ򸾶δ

ฮ·ϣ̲סʣʹ͵ǱƣʲôĺǱƾҲû𣿡

Ĭ˰ΣС
欵˵ͷ
ǣ̧ɫᣬһ¶ǣҩɾȡ
ȻӣٴʶЦº͵ۣʵж̡

-

ฮǿŴϣٶӭţݴӶء
һΣһˣپ£ӿΣ˵ǷΩҪûݬBϵĻ

½ƽԼԽԽȥˣʱɴûɹ͵͵¡
ԭΪݬB欵ڿ԰͵Ϊû뵽

½ƽص̾˿̧ͷ͸ï֦Ҷ²졣
Ѿͷȥʲôطô
½ƽɨվฮŵ壬ͻȻֲ欻ˡ
ǱãԶ⣬ͬһ£ҲݬBҪֶߡ

½ƽҪͲסͬʱҰڻһͣฮǰ

ˣ

½ƽæݬBߡ
ݬB
ģԴŴն그ȻϢĽоһټ𣬸۴⻹ϡ

ӽ欽ſڵ֮󣬾̻صظȻмҪ졣

欼Сʱ֮ټ壬˲˼ֲڡ

ǼеСŮޣһһ䣺֪֪С֪֪ԺҪ޸磬֪֪Ҫǣ

ֱˣ

ѹฮʱ˵СʱܷǵҪǣɣǣĻ
ûƭ

ôˣ岢֪ȥ᯸֮£վԭزɵǰһ

ʶһȻϢغ

һ뵽ԼСʱȻ˵Щ嶼ͨͨǵãҸضȥ

΢ۣע⵽С΢죬üҪǰһĿȴȻ

̧ͷϷԶĴȥ





48.  ѧ׷   ݬBЩԳ˫

ʮ

֦ҶïĲȻƲʲô, ȴǳȷŲɱ⣬ǴǸλ͸ġ

ЦЦع𴽽ǣ΢, һĨζȻ
ǰ, ɷ˵欵֣ǣһ·߽ڡ
Ȼһŵɱ, ҲʱٴֱָҸʢ

Դֲ, ȵָڰ𪽿|۵ϵĴУʱȫͬ
ڵĶ, Ȼ欵ֳ˵ȫǸİˡ

һ, Сһ˲Ǻ, ȴĵЦҪļˣ¾ֵں㣬˵ҪһεĲ

۱񲿽ʱѹ, ϸȴɲ̶գ˾˺üˡ

ΪƼϲ֮⣬۸ÿվдͣǹ޳У챦, ѵһѪɺʹ͸ÿһԵλ乫жӣоһڹŮ׷ۺ죬ǼʣĽ

ԲɬĴǣԼߡ
룬Լ߶ʱ꣬ڶɺӣǿ׵ˣǵҸʱ˵С

˹ɵģɵõЦ

ⲻ֪ԶĴϣѾըҪǱ߻ţฮˡ

侲һ½ƽѾ˵ˣֻ¶ղ̧ͷѲڿ欣ȥ⣬Ҫһ񣡡

ݬBǳ½ƽ룬ܿ侲
½ƽ΢üɿ֣Ƶʣˣ

ݬB΢΢ף͸֦Ҷ϶߲ϣ΢֦Ҷ΢΢ҡҷӰ֮ҡ˿ϵ顣

ǣЩʱõ˷ģǳĲǡݬB΢΢Цţŵϥϵƣ½ƽй

Сܽڲ쿴ƣúʱݬB֪СﻹǵǣԼġ
ֻҪﻹôͶн⣬֮ǰǰţԼ

½ƽȣһģãʶ񡣡

-

հ款˹½

վǲ䣬⣬֮款ҪһסڻʹֱճɻŻᵽʵʹ͵Ĺ

˹Щᣬ֪֪ò׽ӻҪסڹԼ¹Ҳڹ֪֪ҲǼ£պҪҲѡ

ҲǼǰϰ̵ֽѧϰʱ֪¡

ʱЩҡҪ֮λ۾ǸЦ滢ǺԼײ˵ڲ֪оɱ֮
˵㣿
Լβֻδᡣ

˾½ݼϡ

û뵽˹ίѯ欱ʹȴЦе°ôһᣬ޲һ˽

˹ɫ΢䣬Цº͡
΢ָ߬

۵֬ŮɫţɵʧЦҴĹڵĹ涨δǰȷôڹԭҲ˾

ʵ˵⣬Ȼ£欱ͽŵģ˲䱻߸ߵ

Ů޵ͣŨ̵ܾĽëͣţһɽȻɷϧ
һ˫¹Ƶ۲ɵעӡ

Ƭ̣۷ֵͻͻȻָıˣƽ˵öԣڷ꣬òۣ޲ǿһҪסڹУԴɿݻฮסţٰ֮ȥҲ١ֻǩ

һתʱҴ幫ٲôԣ⳷
ۿ˹꣺֪ฮ䱸ɭϣʹͬһ㼶ݽ㣬ʵڷĲ£ʱֻܽӽУԿա

ԣһ㶣ĵӿһĪŭ⡣
ݬBȻһϸ״ˣ

Ȼʲôû˵ײڹﳤҲǴСϸĴҹ㣬ϲز̫ס¡

ЩζĿŮ΢ŭüۣΣȻЦֲΪֻҪݽ˵޾ʲô¶֪գ

ͷһæŮ䣬ȴҲ֪֮£ĪϿʰϵգȻ֪¡

΢Цá
üǴ幫ٳΪϣʵΪס
С̧ϸʡ
ԽöȻһʼΪ⡣

Ĵã̧ʹһĶŰַԸˣ幫ȾΪ׼õĹ

˹ȥǰСݽȻִţжȣֻȶԱ˸СҽֵǰΪѡֹȥ֪֪Ī£ĸͻȥסڹؽУ˼Ҳȫдϡ

欵˵ͷЩԼĲ

˹갲Ŀº͵ĺǳΡ
Ҳ֪ݼҴӵ֪֪ȥǱֺ̬չ
ݬBȻ⽫ԲڹΪ澵£һ浥ӡ
̫ãСﻹ̫˼

˹ɫ΢룬бҪ˽»һλݴ󽫾С

-

欺ܿͱ
Ů̫վ񣺡ū澲μ幫幫򸣽𰲡

Щϰߵİ˰֣

˴ν׼Ů÷ߣôš
ֻĸฮһѾߣȴҲûҲͬš
տСū澱š
ȻҲţȴһĿ˴һۣʲôýŵģźฮźڹź򻹲һ
գһ

欼ƽһ죬ɵЦĽŸͬʱ嵭ࡣ

ãˡ
ԭΪ¹Լû뵽ȴǰ

ɫȻһ䣬һģ˵ʱڲټǹߣĸš
Щ⡣
һǰһ˲

ڰĲ١
¹ǵ֣Խλϡ
󣬷ɫȻ࣬ʲôĿʱֽӲس˳ǣʾá

Ц̫ӲëȻ

λĺ֡
ɫ΢ĵ˵ͷòЦ

¹Ƽ˵ĻɵڴЦ֪֪˾ﶼҵˣฮǣƽ
΢΢̾˿ߣ֡
һĻӿ֣ưƫͷȥĸһ͵𣬲ȴŰɡ

ǱݬBԷǴģȻ֪ĸŮ֮便ദȴҲ¹֮䲻ѰĸŮ

ϣ¹Ƕ欰ٰذʱʱͼв˸ȻҲиȴƶƣֱӽ¹еĲ˲һԡ

ŷ֣ƺ̫ϲ¹
׼̫ϥ£¹׽ȴû뵽֮侹֡

ϯ䣬룬¹ٿضǸȻһЦ

ƽýЩ֮ǰвԵĵط֪֪ĪҪϲԸƽʱһЩ£һʼ֪ݡͻպѾ߹᯸߶Ĵ

¹˵עûֻӣΪһЩϵԸѰﻹҪŤټǰʱ佻ãŻһʱ̻޷ʵѾ֪ǵĶˣ֮ǰǰͻʧ񡣡

ʵҲûжʲô¡ЦЦ

¹ҡͷ㣬°ߵ˱ƽƽľˣöĴмǡ

ڣͼ¹ֳҡҡͷʾ
£̵ͷµļš
ãȻصϯ䡣

¹ƽ׽ˣȻĬЩҲʼղ¹ɫȴ˲ڡ
Ž֮صԼ޼䣬¹ô׷ݬB֮¡

֪Ҳûãʵ֮ǰڹ̫ӵҲһ˵ˡ
¹֪ݬBͨɵѹĺۣʵ֪֪ܿˣͨһ£ݽǿģ
款ĬƬ̣ҡҡͷ

¹֪ǱǿȵģȻģȴҲɵ˿Ĳ֪ԼĽ㡣
˵ĸѾˣ㵱ݬBͨһ£ҲҪ֪ȽϺã̫ʵ̼ܲ

Ҳô롣

̫ӡ¹ɫ΢䣬֪֪̫Ӳ濴ǰ㴿ºͣϵֳҲþ

¹뵽ʲôЩĵĽУԺǻʺȥǹͷĲˮ㾡ܲͲ

֮ǰһֱѹţʺ޷ټ欣չ欻عĵһ£Ҫȥǹλϵĸ밲

պ󣬻ʺҲʱٹȥ
¹ڻʺϳ̫ϣòСĽ
ָ΢飬¹ɫأ׹ԶлҪ£ֹ˶ֶ࣬Ҳ࣬Σķ

΢΢ͷĸģ欶ġ

ûа취ҪûϿ⣬֮סʳ֮ҪЩƵСۡ

˼ˣȻһ
ѵݬB뵽Щסʹʲô£Ż֪뷽跨ûָ

Ȼ¹һ欻ھܲʥֻּ£ٴλص

欶л͡˲л׼תȴͻȻס
ȵȡ
ؿ
ôԺƽͺá
˵꣬ҲûлҪ˵̰ݻ

ؿûҹɫ֮еıӰĪЦ˳
¹֪ͣΪλôˡ
ȷǸƢŹֱŤĹ¡
ƺеɰ

ʱ÷˲ûźң֪£ͻȻЦˣɵúʵʲôùôģ

÷һľ˴ˣøĿں²Ŷԡ

Ƥģ÷Ÿ˵꣬ǰģعū澼幫ǧǧǧǧꡣ

ƤǰҲѾߣǰûʲôӣദʱͣƽãôһɵú

˵˵ЦЦڣǰͷĴ÷ȴͻȻͣ½Ų
款̧֣ͷһҲͣ
ò÷˲ɵ

һϮ׽ֶۣ
ڸƣ͸ůƵĹӳӰϣ͕i׵ĿݳĵԽݡ

ⲻݴ󽫾ô
ɻһʱ֮侹֪Ǻá
֪ݬBǻָɵǱϻȥ

ݬBȴʱǰϥ¹򣬹񣺡ݬB幫ǧ𡣡

欱ߣ뵽ЩسĬƬ̣õ¡
÷ЩʣĲ

ЦЦû¡
ԹڵϵݬB˵ݽǾͬ⣬ŵԽǰɣݽ

ݬBףԭԸרڸˣȷʱյϿŲò

欱˱ۡ
Ȼ

˶º󣬹ǰӲС̧ͳº͵żΣǰ࣬дһóתɷˣ

ŷţЩŭû˵ͲԼ𣿡
ǰڹݬBǰ˵Գū澣ûô
ݬBУһֱǸ߸ϣֵ𾴵ĴӣԼǹоֱ˵֡

ݬBҡ

ɤ͸ż΢ɲЦ⣬ɵöһǾͼţ
ǡݬB򴽣Ц£ͷӻȡ˹Ҫתֵ

ǰӹ

˹Ǹϸ֮ˣص¼ҵһ죬Խ̹αʶּԷ˼ٽƭڲ֮ء

˾˵ֺƯɷ裬ݾǹ̶ֻرʲݣѰ˺ע⵽ϸڣǾ˾ûҲᷢ֡

ݬBȷûƭǵȷǾ˾˵ױš
欶żݣһŭҲûˣ򴽣ЩŤ˵

˾˵ּݬBġ
ּûжĻ
ȻҪݬB

е㲻Ϊξ˾Ҫô

ݬB˹øߴ߳һͷվֱ֮󣬱ŹƣߴͦεӰȫߵŮȫ֡

þûкվôˡ
ݬBЩԳȴʼյҶ

ϤĳľƱǶˣٿػع
ǿ׳ʵŽǰյ۽Ưļճ
ֻҪ΢΢ᰤıǼ⡣

ŮºûҪ||еȥ
ҧҧ˫糺죬غ
գ֪϶ǹģҪڣͷȴͨ

£Ӵ⹬ˣ˵ס˾صС˹𻨸⼰֣͹

󣺡˭
ݬBӧΪճŮֶŮҶûκν顣
ƽΪͻȻ͸

ݬBĽͣôԵҲܡȥͼ

뵽ǰ¹£˼Ƭ̣տ˽תͷȴѲݬBӰ

أ





49.  ѧ׷   ԭҺ𣿣Ѳ롭

ʮ

ݬB֪ȥ, ң÷ѾӴ⹬Ĺ˽

Դԭĵ׻ҪӦ, û뵽˹ʰٽʳн÷, ȫ¡

÷ŵģЦţʱõĿҹʳ, Ӱմ㲻ˡ

欱Ͳԣ÷һպ˳⣬ʳԭⲻرյһԡ

λֻҽԵ
÷º, λ

欶ȲҪô¶ۡ
ղʧٵˣ֪ʱֳǰ
Ҫ, ĿŵֱĹ

欴̧߽ݺбؿһ¡

ЦƯʱ, ŭ, ڵƻȻ£ǼΪÿĻꡣ

ݬBɫ΢
˵Ļȴһ

欱Ц, ҧҧ촽Ŀ٣βĺɫƽˣδѽᡣ

˿һ̹Ȼؽĵ׵ί, һ˵ʵ֪ǰҵʲôߵĳ𣿸ʱͺҺʱͽҾСԺڣǿҡŵ뿪㡣

ݬBһ˲û뵽ǰһ̻úõСôͻȻ֮Ϳʼ
ѵò֪Ҫ֯ʻ㣬ʶûУ㣬Ȣ㣬ãҩ

欺ȻЦˡ

ǰһ̧ͷߣֹ˵ȥұǽҵУұǰҳϽ֣ɰʱʱ̼̿ңװɣȴʵңҺñǲ˼ҵԸܣڣڴ֮سͷĥңҳ

ݬB˫۰ͨ죬ȴްģĵһ̧ۣ뱧ȴɿĶ㿪һ

ûУֽڰգԼ࣬ɿֻͣǺ»ʧȥ㡣

𣿡򴽣ƴӿۿɬѹ£̧ӣ˿㣬Ϊҹฮգҽһ˵úˣ֮ǰֵʮֹأһǶ˶ȴǸǰһǵĺҵĹ

ʱЩ£⣬ȴԺĽܣʾί

ݬBǰΪ˱ԼΪʧȥԼķо⣬ǾÿҪίˡ

˸ղһԼ࣬гģ˲佫òƴסԱ־壬ȫ

ĵ׵ίҲѹƲסˮӿһһŵµ

ܰ󣬹ĵʼվǸθ϶ϲߣ׽ĳԵϲϲ޷԰εСŮ԰ɣ

ֻûа취֮ǰ-ңԲŻһַʽӽңĵĵ̤ҡףͻǰһҹҲȥ

򲻻һжҡһ̹̬ȡ

ͻȻҲ˵ȥ̧סضȥԼһСӣƲסˮʪ°ġ

˵һһί־壬ݬBһãȻκ֮飬ȿֺӿͷ

ʶ׹Ϊ½ƽһֱ˵֮ǰ̫֣ΪԼһ뵽ȫˣȴǷѾ˼Ҫӡ
Ϊϻˣ֮谭⣬ٰ㱰΢ȴԲԭ

ǰǵݴͲԵȣһֱԱȱȫеģͲϲһʶĸ飬ĵʵǲŵġ

׻̫ǰһ֮Щ}˵оֹ

ݬBüͷ΢۵ж۵ڸһ㡣
ǰһϸ壬֪ڻС
СлҪԱҪײ

Ѿฮ˳ĵճҪ񳯰ݵ幫ȻǸС

ֻϰѹԼϰԵֺñˣװǿװֻ֣ǰԸ¶ʵ

ݬB£ϥأ֮һľ룬ֿɼȴһԿԽĺ蹵

֮ǰլΪңҺܱǸԺҲὫҲԴ㡣֮ԲعΪϼҹԣū˽һɴ޷عֻʱլ

欸š
ʼᡣ

ݬBˣ۵Ҵյ֪𺣻Ҫʹʮٱ

˸ЦССûǰ޹
Ϊûίԭûпĵطǰĸ֮ʱܾί

ݬBָ΢|ִ̧Լһ⡣
žһֺݣޱȵıڴлص

һһϸС㲻ΪÿÿҶ

ݬBȻ͵Ц̧֣ᵯСԴ΢Ƶȫۣ欶޾ͿޣҪȫ޳Ͳôˡ

ίôǵ欶Ȼޡ

ݬB۵ܲסȴЦЩ޿κΣСͷĹŮģʱҰٿĪ磬ϲҲҪű߽


һ½ޣһ˵̫ҪôȻֻ۸

ĵ׵ŭ𽥸ǹίȻС

ݬBۣĽͣҺ欶ǾԼܽԵǹСѾߣฮ幫α䣬Ҷԣ欣ϲ˿ȡı

ǰٱ߹غ󣬵ʱٴ´󹦣ؾ·ϣĶҿȢˣȢ㣬ġʧȥ㣬ҲΪ˲㣬ⱲӲ˵Ȣ㡣

Ȼû˵ȴµõ϶ô
ݬB֪ҪôͣģٴԼ

ŵϥصƣ΢΢ǰŲ벽Сı΢밧󣺡欶ԭҺұ֤Ҳ֮ǰ㣬Һٸһλ𣿡

欲˵СĿš
ԣˡ
ۡ

ݬBɼ˲С֣Уǰı

Сﲻ֪ǿ޵̫ѹǿ޵ԺȻôԹԵĿУûκ

̫Ůӵã˹ϵŮǻϵŮ⾩֮У˭㣿ҪǸҶʲô£Ͼͻ崺ſңǸ硭

˵⣬Ȼ£ԭº͵ͻȻŨŨζ΢ɲɱ⡣

ǸҲҪŵŸƴ
ݬB˵ţȴʼûпڡ

䲻ȴҲû
ݬBڰЩĵؽţ֮ǰÿһǰ㣬һ˵

֪ãֹס˿ޡ

ݬBĵĵڣȴֻ˹ְ

ֻŮ˫۽գëϻ飬ǳȳơ

ݬBŷ֪ںʱ˯˹ȥɵЩΡ
Ҳ֪ղŵĽͣС﾿١
Ƭ̣ܿ춯ؽ˴ᱧ

ˣⲻʲô£ûĵģһһ͸
ֻҪԸ

˰úúݬB齱ߣע޵۵С߻أϸϸġü۴ǡ

ֻǿʲôҲû
Ҳûд̫á
뿪޼䣬ͼ÷ɫص˹
ݽ÷ݬB޼⣬΢΢һأ
ˣѾЪ¡

÷е֣޼俴һۣȷϣ˿¶ߣŰ

ϵ۶Ѿɾֻβе졣

ղ欽ȫʱ÷;е֣Ӧڱүӻǰݽʶ

ó޹ˣǩļūòܵһѾߣȻ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵

ա

δ款ͱѣһױ̨ǰһȺΧױ硣

йոƳļҲѾ˹Ǵ塢ϽԼΪ£˿Ƕ̶̼иϳĳƷ

ŵǾ»ϣǶʮһŴССԲ顣

伫Ϊ¡أ欵ױݼȻҲ䷱ֹҪü䡢Ĩ֬Ϳ֬ʮָҲϸȾϴޢ

ױȻʱʱ

欲ǵô˯ȥģʱ÷Ҳʲôû˵ݬBڣȴǰؼĴڴ⡣

ʱźµĹǶˣȻҲû취ݬBнʸ

òһ׼Ҳױµޣڲ㹬˵Ĵӵϲ뿪԰쵽ſʱڲֿݬB

ݬB߻վһͦεӣվ˼Ż˸ǱãʱǶ뻮һɾع

欱úÿü۾£˴Խ޶ˣһϮװĵͰļͨ͸

ݬB˫ȭգһ뵽̳عʱи˿ݣ·𱻳ǧϿҧţʹȴ޼ƿʩ

ģΨкúκ⡣

ϳӾӣɵ΢΢Ц
հฮ˵ּݵһգ治١

ֻǡ
źۼŻһۡ
᲻̫ˣ

ûʱ˼룬г̽գֹҪݵ̳죬ع·ϻҪ񳯰ݣҪڵۺǰߵϻй磬ûϢʱ䡣

ʵ䲢ûô鷳ֻʹڹſڣڼʱʥּ߸У۴ŮҪѸ£ԲŻ˷

ܿſڣ欱ǲ²˽վһԣ龡ͷ־ʱѾЩ㱡

ԭղڿĻࡣ

۵ĽҲˣ־ǰ濪ҽУ欵ĽΧУͷΪٵĻһٴκƺƵ빬

˵֮ǰ֪ԼʱΣôʱ˿ָˡ

ʽΪ¡أڷɳ
欶ȻӲЩȴûгκ©

ֻͷһʽŮ󺹡
Żؽʱɫ΢΢ס
÷ۼˣ봺æذȷ磬Сذź
׼õ˱ˮ

ݬBһԣȴãͷ󺹣ۣһ˫ֱضš
һۣݽͥ£Ŀ㣬νʱĪҪ񡣡
ݬB۽ޣ΢΢Ц£лָʹѡ

һ

Ȼ׾˾Ϊθı⣬վȻǰּҹݬBտݬBȫ˫ȭգüȴ޷ɷģͦĵġ

ݬBΪʱ֪ݬBĵģΣ֪֪Ըͽլʵڲԭ£

֪֪͸ǹ£ļţ޷ݬBֽӽ̬ռ

ع·ϣռеӭһ乫ݡ

˵λֹײСͼģӺת֮󣬲ű˽ӻظ
ʲôˣ
㲻֪λֹǹŮ¶˫á
ôû˵¼һһŮ

ң½˵ʮǰֻǸ塢ƷС٣̶̼λ˳Ȼ٣иŮ֮£ܵһ˴ģܵ½ҪЮǸǺã

ô˵Ҳе

Ȼ˴󺰣ҿģˣ
ΧȺ׷ΡΣ
˵֬쵤ɣ
ôʵڹڿţ˷׷Ȥıͷƴǰݿø

Ǵ֣־͹ٱϹ֮ԶǶµõˮ©
ϧΧ۰Ϊڶ࣬Ҽÿ˶뽫λ幫ݿøһ㡣
־ͣشߺȣһ˺ˣּȴҲҲ

欴ûôĳ棬Լ˽֮⣬û

Ȼ󣬿ĴĹǣȴԼڲֻյŮŮѰ

֪ΪŮǽǸոտʼ

-

λʺûиȥ죬֪λ幫ûʽϳ󣬲ɴ۵ɫһ

ʱЦ⣬Ȼ幫յıּΪ⡣
ղţ幫дʱһһ

λʺЩ죬Ͼ֪欵ʵݣ֪ʮٹΪ澡
ԭΪ欽նû뵽Ȼô̵ʱڣͽһйμġ

λʺ΢΢âһ

޷ϻй磬ʱϣλ幫ý˵ľƣҪԵģͲĹأЩĹŮˡ

-

صʱѾ۵Ҫɢܣ²ʱЩˤҺ߹Χƣ÷봺Ǽʱס

ӽΪ|г̶Ըʲô۳㣬ѵһİĲøС

˼֮ʣݬBҪǰӽ欣̶˵ǰݬBݺһק
Ӷ³ȴǵñܿݬB˵硣

ݬBԭֻһܷˣû뵽֣ʹʧᡣ
ɵûعͷҪЦЦĿһָۣ֪ʹкָ̣

Ӻ΢УҲѧҪЦЦ˵ǹǽھպฮڵĹԺ㶼ãֻڴſڡݴ󽫾սɳ֪֪֮Ϊ߸ҪؼɣǶԹκβףΪ幫ͳ죬Ǻ⡮̡㡣

ѾǷڣȫ֪ͷ¡
ݬBûǰֱ׳ĸЩ֡

÷֪ʲô΢΢èߵū˵ݴ󽫾ָʹݺݵѵһ٣ͷء

欣ֹȻ





50.  ѧ׷   иݬBһʡ

ʮ

˴λͷһ幫, ʽǰࡣ

ͻȻڹŮǰ࣬ͻ絽׷ʽҲ, ˴ιȴͬϯ䲻ֹйŮ, ڶ೯ٹ٣ѫӵ, ʢ

ȷĸܵ幫ݵж಻ͬ

Ҳ˵Ǽ͵ø񣬾, ſڵ̫ɤӳ꣺幫ݵ

ԭ΢ֵı͵˲䰲١

͵Ϊ, Ůϯڹ󸾹æվ븣񣺡幫밲

һͷӵ೯΢΢, ͬĸƽ, Ҳòϥ

˱Ͷ¼ͻȻϻصＫΪ棬幫һ飬ǰӭʸ, Ȼֻ಻١

ѳޣһԶٹһȥףΨۼ̫ۡͻգ欲ԸղֹλʺſϷ, Ů֮Ҳ˰š

罭Ůƽ
ͬΪ̫ƽţ̫״͵ģ̫ϲ

Ц̣Ϳķλµϲ幫ʱΨƽüưĵ˵ͻգϽݴ󽫾ʹ͸幫

˲䰲׷׻عͷƽ

ֻԭȺ֮еƽ΢̧ǰʮֲ´֮𳰷Цݣݴ󽫾ΪҴ´󹦣պս֥䣬֪Ƕٴҹˣ幫ĽݽҲŻϳ谮㣬ͳûҪȥ

欵ײǻѪѰŮɵݣģλ֦ҶƽȴΪȻ

ТΪȣն֪Ǿ̫ƽ̫˵Щ

ƽʱƽõļŮ˵Сͣݴ󽫾ȥǴСЩ
ǣ֪ݽжί
ݽһΪͣ˵ίСš

ƽһһ˵鲢ïնʱһ΢ĳĬ֮С

ڰ幫֪ߣŻϳ谮ݽ˳ݽ
ԭݽ֮ԻͻȻ幫Ȼ幫Լģ
⵽ô£

һʱ֮侹֪Ҫνȥ

欲ʶλƽȴ֪ΪζԼе⡣
ǵڸ˵ݬBؾʱѫ˼ҶڴĻ£ƽڴһ

欳ĬĿǰֺƽĬĬļݬBһʡ
˾Ǹ
֮ǰʱ䣬ƽûͣʱ

öˣƽڲãߣһɫͬʱȥ

ฮŮݵױȲпŵƽҲڴʱ欿ڡ

΢΢ӣ̧ӭƽ΢΢Ц£δͻ磬ʲôڷ³󣬻ؾŲãͻ֮ǰݽйһ֮Ե֮˵ݽ򸸻ҪģݽǿˣĽҲýͷϡ

ݬB˵ôãȻȥȻ˵ȴʾ۵ͷʱֻǰһʲô˵ԹԵ˳ܵư͡

ݬB˵Щȷ
ڵݣ˻ʹЩˣ˭ҲǸ˿ۣСѾߣƽǽĶŮҲܡ

˲ңҲˣȻǵģôͲܹ˵

ԭΪûֳ棬˵ʱ᲻֪Ӧԣû뵽ȻϷȥ˿·硣

ɵ͵ؿһۣЦصͷͣǣ幫ؾһ£˽μ⣬ƽﶼฮ˵㲻ʱʶݴ󽫾

ƽΪȻĺЦ촽΢ţҪ˵

ȴһڣЦŮݴ󽫾ؾʱв˼ٹ˵ý˵онˣ֪¿Ϊ棿

ԭϷĹǣƽʱΪ͵ǫ͵¶ﶼ˿ڣɵ΢

ǽձ幫ãûһ׷վöӣͷӶ
ô¡
˵ʱüҶˣֹ᯺ңŴ
ϧݽĻ£˵ʱǶŮ˽飬ȢԸ

һԡһ֮ʣ˭Ҳû뵽նưǳֹմɫƽԴϬһ˵꣬˦ƽһ˻ȥ

ƽ˵ͱ죬ûͻ磬Ϲ˵ʲô
Ƣ֪ʱŲ˭֪ίΪ

ʿ˵Ҫݽûʱÿǵ˵ƾܹˣƫƫʾǳ˵ģ˲֪õݣίŷǵָݽĻ

ǰվһ⽫󻤡
ƽҪϲ٣ټһӸµʱưý˲ұӡ
ƽʶһ

ЦδպٴҰͳý磬ݽйʸ

ΪҪݬBǰʱȴȻת次
ü۱ʱüŪ۵ģһѾ˵Ĺ졣
͵رôһƣٴγɹŵȴʾڡ

΢΢ףϵƶװõüȵݬBǰ

ƽ˱ôʱüݽĻҲǴӢۣ幫ɶݽ񣡡

մӹǿЩ
˿΢Цˣôƽδ̫Ʋݴ󽫾

ʲôƽԭ幫Сڷ£Ӧôûִ棬Ṇ̀۸û뵽Ȼݣһҡ

Ҳ˵ͻϣǰΪֹ̫Ųòա

ֹˣҲ˵ﲻԸʹƲסʹ幫ҲһֻܹԹฮЦ

ôͻȻ˵⾿ô£

Ԥʵżƽɵü˫΢죺幫ĪҪѪˣҺʱƲݽ

ƽ˵ͬʱԭ빬ͬںͷݬBѴȺǰ

һϮ׽ۣ棬ˣɫװȻƽǰţһϮȴعճխͼߣ˫ȱֱ޳

úÿʱУʵģǿ׵Ľ˿Ķֱֱӡ

ݬBؾ֮ϯ¶棬ŮҲô뿴ټͷһμװ磬˲Ϳ׷ӵĵͷ

ڣкηԸʲƽʱǰºͣüɢһɱ֮ĪһֽУǵòٹŮİ

ɿ˧ֱָʹеñȡ
û뵽һݴ󽫾ȻҲһ棡
ǳ۳ɳĴ󽫾սϵãĿ䣬ů䡣
ڹŮĿⲻǰƮȥö࿴ȴ̲סһٿ

欼ŮǸСͨ죬ߴӵ͵ŵϥԼǰˣͻȻЩζĪŭٴиݬBһʡ

ǰܹ涨ԼʱñãݬBŸýŻ֣Ŷԡ

ԣԺţ͸

欵һۣҪڣݬBУȻҲ̧ͷ

ԭüۣʱа⣬ůһغ㣬Ҫڻ㡣

˶⧲ͷһл

ݬB̧ͷգһ˲ַɿشףĿбӡ

ҧҧɿȥעά侲ݽֱɾñðˣɾˣ

λı£𣬳ΪҪγƺǳң֦ҶУԳ񡣡

ɤ͸Ŵů⣬άǡôº

ƽ˵ĽݽŻϳ谮ųûҪ欶£ɤȾϼŭݽô˻ᣬúó塣

ƽݬBô΢ĹţɵЦ幫ͱˣݽ橤

ǫֹͣݬBʱȴȻʧ廰¹عףˡʧðƽԲʵҵߵڰףָ¹Ϊ

ƽü£ֲ˼ؿʲôߵڰףָ¹Ϊ

֪ЩӺȷʵ˵ˣһͻǰ幫һ֮ԵĽ֮˵Ͻָ֮ǰѯʹԸһֱԸģͲί͡

ݬB̧ͷ׿վǰŮĿ᣺̹ңǳĸ

ƽţݽΪά幫˵֩

άݬBͷβĿⶼδƮȥԲӣҪά幫ű˵԰幫һ飬ԲŻ̻ϵĳ谮ôּıλ

üݽԡ

ݬBףǳʧԣ빫𷣡

欻ǵϴݬB˵仰֮󣬵ʮƣ򴽵㲻У𷣣ã°ա

ۺδϯ֣ϯͷŮϯǱ߹ȫһ飬ΧһȦɵƵƵ

Ů֮ϯŮ̸ƽ幫ִĵ£вѫӵܹΧۡ

⻹ͷһμ幫ݣд˵޾һ˫¹ʵȴûмţֻôԹڿ

Ƽݣŷ֣ǴһˮɷҲޡ

幫ȷһ˾޵ܽ棬ѩݣò֬ǡô

ƽ˵ɤддˮݺĶˡ

Ȼ˵һйͲܹʳԻǰ̣һбĶɣϲῼйϾһһñȱ˶ึʮٱ

Ȼλ幫乫ֹˣ˵סฮȷĹͬҲһ

ûвͬܵɫɲ͡޵ŮΪޣƺһҲ

λ幫͹˼֮꣬ʱˣǡΪ˫ãδסʱؼңõǵŰݷùˡ

Ŀһ幫һϣе̿һһûҪ졣

½ƽȻҲΧʱͿ˹Ǳ˽󻹰ϣ䲻ˬ

һ仰˵û½ƽ룬ȷʱһͻʥּˡ

ۺʱϯһƬȫŽŵ

λʺϯλȻţв죬ּƽɫʱʱŭۿ欣ʱȻ

û뵽ƽҲû취

֮󣬺λʺ͵̣ѯϯһУ֪˿ηƽٴζĹۡ

ҹҹ޷ǹλʺһź£һʵô幫գûٹݼ̫ôصฮ

ЦýĸҲһ

λʺΪȻТΪȣ̫δݼͻฮТġ

üϣʺ˵ҹТΪȣǺӺòױӻ¼ңٲþҪ׳ޣʱԸóлϥ¡

˵ףλʺȻתᣬ̫ҲʮߣʱȢ̫ˡ

۵ʺô˵ϴͻ̫ѡ

λʺ͵䣬޹ǵİУǣ˵¶ﲻòʶʮϲҲ£УԵ̫֮λ

-

ฮ뿪ʹ֮˰

ԹŹ֮ڶթģӦһձۼˣʵΪλôŮҪʺǵϵӡ

ڣ嶼ڣ뵽ǰ붫ɵʣղ߻ȥǰ˸ɰ㣬ͷװʲô

ǺɰʱУ欵Ļɵһʲʲôɰ

½ƽݶʱޣû˷ֹôֵģ

¸ղžͺվһ飬Ҳû欵Ļֵؿãζ߻ӡ

򾲣ʱôֱسſ಻ɵ˫΢죺㶼ûз֣֪֪βģ

欼ѵýߣЦ¡

߻Ӹۡ¼ǷұΪղ˳ݽظݽȴûݣҾЩ֡

ݬB½ƽصôһȦΪ¡

壺
ݽ֪Щ¾͸Ӷ
½ƽôתͷͳ
ܺãˡ

µǲ죬ݬBôϲ欣ΪǰҲҪ̻ȻӦ
߻Ӿʲô㣿

ڳ£ѣֻôȡɰҲ֪ԭظٿġ

´ߴ򿪡

򿪺ɰ֮ͷֻһֻֽֽд˶̶ּ̼֣ˮ

ֻһۣѸǺ˵

µһۣɵʧЦּͻ飬Ը߻ӣҪͻֱ󲻾ͺˣȻҪʹ㣿ѵ㲻Ը⣬Ͳˣ

ѵ޴ĽֽغɰٴνɰؽУ̵ÿҪð̡

Ҳû뵽½ƽƽʱһģϣȻС

ʱԽǿ½ƽãбԽɵùɣһЦǰȻ߻ã͸ֱּŶԡ

˵ǲҪ˵

Цͣ߻Ӳףбסңϴͻϣʺﻹصؽйȥ˺һ˵㵱̫߻⣬δҹζ࣬ǳ߻Ϊס

ӵصͷ˵һͽС˵Ÿ߻ӡ

欵صǰ磬Խϯ϶С̫ӣ̫ȻûκζĿȴҲǶͳ忴ȥ

֪Ϊе㲻˼Ƭ̣ſ˵壬ظдô𸴣ݬBҹ͵½ƽС

ҹȥ˶ҪιȥҲô

һ̫һ͸ּͻ飬Ҫ㵱̫أ
ʵҲе£ϾһκλʺĪǿӲҪȥ¡
£ܿʹӦ次

һ˻صฮ֮󣬼СȻһԺ»طϴһص

ݬBȻฮȴùǵĺԺֻܴվСԺſڣԹվڡ

չ岢ûгϯݬBĿŵĸ˹󣬽ฮпνȲˬ
⣬еı꼸ȫ޷ѹ֡

ݴ󽫾ֶΣĺ֪㾿˵ҵģȻ֪֪ͬ





51.  ѧ׷   ס촽һ

ʮһ

ݬB, ˫ֱأ̬ѵɢɫ¹Ĳ, ĵüԽ䡣

û˵һ㣬ݬBƤ̧̧, أԿҹա

һȾ⣬Ƭ̺󣬴, ɢͳɤԵζݽ֪Ϊ֪֪Ůȴ¼ҵϵӵܲе壿

ճĬƬ, ݬBƤ䵭ɨһۡ
ݬBһ΢΢Ц, Цǡô׵ȴ͸ż⡣

ƺıĿ, ΢, Цݱݽ֪ûϵҺԵɡ

һ΢ᴵ, ɢҹе͡

֪֪СͳŷҲޣ˵С壬ǵĶ壬ǴСͶ»Լ

ݬBԵЦ촽˫, ĿԽ䡣

ǳսϵѪˣϱԴһɾþսɱ֮ƽʱأʱȫ¶˵ƣŭֱ˴ĵ߳⡣

ã粻СûбݬBŵȴĬĬ

Щ˲䣬ݬBȷɱ⣬ҲûҪأȴûԤеĲȻŭʧȥǡ

ݬBĬƬ̣һĵתѣһ߿Цº룺ǿ̫ϧˡ

崽Ц΢

ݬBǳºͣԵЦ⣺幫ڿ¶ϵġá¼ҵϵӵȻãôлԼأ

˫Ц˫дˣлԼҲͲˣվȢǺÿϧðϧ

ֱܽ˻

壺
ûô׾ͱŭ
ܵγˮ

֪֪ѡ¼ŮãһֱʹṆ̀ƽӣݬB--ֱѪۡ

Ҳ֪ԼղŵоֹɣǼݬBô߽¼ҡ

ݵص֪֪ϵΣСϲңҪ޸ҡôҲһֱڵûзѰһֱȢֻҪ֪֪Ը⣬ҿΪ¼һУԶ߸߷ɣ͵ҸĹһ

üưĮһЦ䣬ͼ欴СԺ˳

ɫ΢죬ĿཻʱԵмΣһĿͷɿƲ
忴еš
ȻǸղ˵ɶԻȫһֲ©ˡ

ݬBվͦΣֶһü˳۵ĹģȫȻ֪ղŷʲôһ㡣

ҡ֪֪㡭Ц΢ѵôҪοڽͣѳ˹

磬ҹǡûЩҪ˵˳һա

ղһĶˣֻߣղŵ׶˵ʲô

֪ӺСʱͷģҪ֪֪Ѱ󣬻δˣҪжʱŵȢ

֪֪ǵãĵϲҲٶ֪֪κ֮ĲŶԣ֪֪ԺΣ

欵ȷΣټѾСʱ£巽Щֱε޵ݡ

ƺûҪ뿪˼ֻת첽صڡ

ݬBûתȥʱնɬ糺죬Ĵ̳˲򷭣ʴǡ

еɱͶ⻹߱㴫һݽ롣

ݬB΢Ѹٱ仯΢ƮƮģ޶飬۵ȴȫڲסҸЦ⣺ǡ

ôˣ֪֪ʲôҪһͬ⡣

ݬBŴ÷ͷҲصĵЦ˵öԣҹ¶ӻǿȥúá

Ȼʧվԭء

ټ㣬ƽʱΪ͸ҲӲںɵЩ̣磬Ҫϲ֪֪ôΪΪ¼ңЩ˵Ҳ˵á

¼ҵá
ϲҲֹֻ顣
ĵ׵ĺⲻͣܣһɨյķ꣬ͽΪʧ䡣

-

欽ڣһ裬ڽĵ׵ѹ˻ȥ

ԭΪ绹ǽɵǸС֪֪֮ǰŻǣû뵽ȻȻ˵һֱڵ˵Ȣ

һ͸欲ֹ˱衣

ݬBŴ÷ʱͼС糺죬۴
ɬɬĸо𽥳ӯĿڣ⣬ǵضĿ־塣
־һֱԼصúúõСΪĶᱻ˹ߡ

ݬBɫκ¶ȣ޳ָнš

ðΣ欲ע⵽ݬBվһԣ¿̲ݻʶǰ
ݽһ¡

ݬBָһİȥ

˼ĺ룬ﶼСͽߣɢŸɾϢֻҪ̧֣ܽ뻳Уǰһס촽

ǵŮĴж
ԽǿԽ˳١
뱧ֻԼͺá

С
С

ݬBȻʹıۣһĴ׹֪кҪ·Ը
ëסҪѹֲסУһ˫ڵֱ

£ǰһˣɣǽԼĸرһǶ˭ǶҲò䵭롣

кȻӿһĪķС

֪ԼôˣھȷƢģȿ˵ǰԼǰǸѾߡ

ܲȴĪ

ھ˵Ļˣֻ֪ҪӦ
£ȴ̲סϾôôϲ
ΪԶвվһգһȴͬ

ҲǸݱ΢СѾߣվһʱû˸ҿ
֮ǰʱôľ֪Ҫô
Ҳȷŵ뱣֤Ƿš

Żſţ˯˹ȥ

款Ĭ˲еŷ˹ȥݽŸ߻ӣھȥ

ǡݬBü˳۽ӹһת
úԥȥȴڳݲã̲סͷһһǰ

ȫС糺죬͸¶޾Ľģ
ߵģΣһΣ¶⸱СŮ̬ȴٲ

һ˲䣬޷˵Ŀ־ͷûԼʲôҲܿͻһʧȥ

΢ʧվԭأŵӰٴλصУҲĲĪĿ

ôˣʡ
ûп̫֮Լһֱ۵ľ롣

˵Ƶ£΢ţƺ˹â㺣ҪѹƲס
̧֣ȴͣڰա
ҡ

欲Ծס
꣬ڡ
֮ǰܴӦһ𣿡
ʶʣʲô£

΢΢ţ˵ʲôֲ˵һڴӺＷ˼ɬĻٸһλᣬҪϲ˺òã
Сֱ΢أ

ͻȻ۽ޣƲԼһ档

ݬBͷ£˸صٸһλᣬңòã

ѾüˣǰˣǰȴʱִٲһҲ

ǱðӲ񷣬ڿаӥ˰ιëҲɲ
ǳɵˣڴ̳ˤ

߾ܣһжֹԸΪǰ̣ԸΪѹڳ˵Ĳ̬ռ

΢΢βɺ죬ĵӣ߬

ǲ֪Ҫô죬˿Σֻñ׾ϵļԴʣһظũ
ٸһλᣬ𣿡





52.  ѧ׷   ѡĻ͵

ʮ

ؿ, ĵطͻȻ˴¡
ôôأԼʶǸݬBǸƢǿƶְԵĹ

欻ǵýһμ½ƽʱݬBΪԴ, һͽֱ׵͸, ʱ¼ˣսսı

ȴȫ෴, СԨ

򴽣ĪĻϲȸԾ, ȴݬB֪Լʵģûеֿ֪ԼʵھʱͶҡˡ

ʵݬBҹฮʱ, ˹굱¾Ѳδޣֻڰû, һ, ˾˾ͽе鷿

գ˹ʲôûʣֻ΢΢ЦŸ֪֪ݬB, Ҫסһ£˶һӸԣ̫׵õĶϧ

䣬֮ǰʵڹ⣬֮, ϰվλߡƿߵλáԾ㻹⣬ãҲһꡣ

ʱ׾˾˵˼һãȻⲻ֪˹Ŀ׼ݬB˵Ƿĵ£֪ʼδ

¼Ҽѵԣȱģ欳Ů˹ԼΪúðѹأѡһʺĺöɡ

ﻹŲλݴӣҲ뷽跨

˹ЦЩΣԽ˵ֱ״ֱһڣ˭ףҶӦݽ˵ǰ㣬⡢ĵģ㣬㣬Ǹؼһʱȣĥһĥ˵ף֮ǶԵȵģ

ˣȻˡ
ϲһ֪ڹԼ֮£ԸѾ˼׷

˹ţЩһֱǸĸְ˵ѰĸŮŻֵ强Ȼ̫ôְš

ȻݬBܵ£Ƥ˾ֱ׵Ļһȣߵ

˾λ˳ǰϺƺ㣬ǰȴδλƣЦ÷ǳº͡
崺硣
΢΢ЦŵģԴʾֹĪݬB׾øУȻȻͽĻС

ڶǵεġ

欴˳ںڵĽë|û˱΢һ㣬أ˵żΪҪݽ͵߻С

ݬBرܻ⣬ܿĿ⣬ٲǰרעĿദһ˲ʹ

ºᣬѿɬѹȥһ΢΢ЦţǳͻˣȥţЪϢ
תͬʱĿ⽥ȥ

̫ϰߴǰǧ˳ģʼԽԼô䵭
ܲÿһμİˣĳƺҲʼǡݽ

ȻεĺܺãȴĲʧ䡣
ԥ£̤ſʱڣݽ˿ɺЩˣ

ݬB½Ųǲܿصԭŵ࣬ҵײǻ
欶ڹ
ϲòһ˲漴֮ǰҪú˵¡
ʱ˵ˣ㲻̤ฮ벽

ˣڹҲղҲ޶ԣܶ
ݬBٴα޴ʧǵ֡

õĸĥˣȫȫ⣬õӦֻһҲãΪûʧһҲҪӽ

òڵȵߣֻҪһת粽ܱסȴ񲻹ԼŬ޷֡

˺òתΪͷ˵һ÷һֿ÷ɬ
лģѾ޴󰭡

ľ񳤾ڱԵʱƴѹĵĸǼڡ
ٲߣҪɴòǱ

-

½ƽ˯£û뵽˯²ãݬBʹĻ
ֻһԸ֣½ƽҹδߣһȲ

û뵽ջʺŸտڶ̫ѡ۰߻ӣҲ˵ˣͻ顣

Ȿ˫ϲ֮£ڻֵ˶ͬһˡ

½ƽ۳Ĭĵ׺ȻӿһɲõԤС

һҪô̽źãôʣʿǾö䲻¶

½ƽ״С䣬ѰӲͬʱȻΪǿĸңȻʥѲ⣬ڳδ֮ǰһж˵׼

Цѵ䣬ȴڿǰòԼΪƣΨ˫۾Сĸ½ƽͷһ

üͷ΢ֻǺܲɣջʺŸ˵岻òƷм̫ʵѡ

ʴӦˣ½ƽĲ

ۼôţЦЦһۣôϲ¶

½ƽžԼղžȻʧ̬ϵĻ˵۵ϥأֵǶʧ̬븸ˡ

۲Ϊ֣ûӦʺֻǻʺ󶼿ˣҲֱӲ棬Ϊ¶ͻ顣

һתȢΪޣھ͹ȥٹĸ밲úһ˵幫ݼ̫ǰ̫ߵĴ̫ൽฮͣҲŽ

˵¼λ񶼵̫ͣΪ˰Ż£ڹȥٹü

-

ٹ

̫Ϊĸӣ볤Ϊ

̫ڽ֮ǰδϵλŮȴӻʵ볤֪һС

ֱӸ欱̫Ů

˵λﲢ紫ԣײ£⣬˹ϻ֮ǰٹӵͨ

̫ԼĪеףĿ䵽ǰԶŮϣĬĶ˫ΪƵ΢΢

ԭΪս̫밲裬Ӧþ͸ոۺһֻ߸δһٹͼʺ볤ףλʢ˵ƽҲڡ

¹ȻҲڣȴ֪ǲ̫ùû뵽˫˫̫֮ٳδӦôһֱ븣š

вЩ

ܿͿڽΧ̫ŻعЦеĴ

ƽϯϳ˿֮ϯһֱٹ밲Ź̫˵໰ûǽϯϵ¼˵һ

һٹ밲̫ȸһʹޱȡ

ɫ֮ǰȷ欣ƲݬBΪһٻ£Ҳ˳ࡣ

û뵽ƽʹ֮ʣ̫Ȱؿڣǳ幫ɫãڼ估ϵıָǽ˵ˡϧڿຮı꣬һʹ񣬻׼֮

ƽȺɫͱˣֹѿţʺɫ΢΢һ䡣

̫ڳիԴ󣬻ص¹֮󣬱ǾһȥǼ£ƹŷô֪꣬ĸӼǰ̫Ĺһ

ԭٲͺ֮£꣬ϾΪάֺǰƽ⣬Ųò᯼ҵĶŮ°᯷Ϊ˵ʧķ裬᯼ҿ˵٣˺òѰ˻ÿСѾͷ

û뵽᯼ѾͷˣٹĴӾȻģֹˣΪһŮǺˡ

̫ſ壬΢΢һ̾
һ磬λʺŹʾ̫ѡ

λʺüá

¼һλҪȢ¼ҵһŮʱµϣƱҪǿ£һ̫Ӵ֮λ˿ɶҡɺоǣʮꡣ

̫ӴСԺλʺƴӣһ̫ӵǻѱλʺ󲻻ж뷨ûУඨȨ䣬Ϊݸľ档

̫΢תȰһǵãǽöˣʱʱͻƽû뵽һתۣһһ׵͡

Ȼһۡ
̫úõģôͻȻף

ֹСоɲ¹һҪڣλʺȴһЦ̫˵üǣ񼸸СͶСˣǸΪɫ˼ҡ

պλʺ̫ѡ˵̫ӭȢ壬ȴܶû˵ãҲû˵á

λʺ¾;ת̫

̫䲻۰̫ȴǴСϲʱʱ˵Ϊ̫ѡ̫ҪĲǼƷ̫ϲ

岻ֹƷòãŵ¼ã̫ģ̫ѡ

̫һ֣̿ɵʧЦҲְԵ֮ˣĶɣϲԧ֮¡УֻҪǸ˵ҽձΪޡ

δ䣬ٹſͬʱ̫ͨ߻ڵ

λʺ̵̫ɶڴˣڴʱӼ߻ӣ²ʣ檩

̫ȴţЦӯӯĻ˻֣˽½ƽ˽

ҪΪָ飬ֲڽֵ̫ѿû뵽½ƽˡ

½ƽĸͼĹ澣ֹ̫ϲۼ̧˽ӵݣȢŹŮٵԵѫ֧֣ӱ¼ˣֲˡ

á
̫һЦ

½ƽٹôˣһһһ갲̫֮ЦӯӯĶɣͷͻͻֱ

ûƭ̫ȻҪָ飡

-

ǰ

ݬBٹԭٹ⣬½ƽɫҴҸϸһʣ֪ԭ̫ٽ¼ҽöˣⲢ

̫Ҫָ飬ݬBԣǾ޴جʣ¾½ƽһȥ

ٹĵط½ƽȻ޷һȥֻ˵¹ͷ̫ΪĸҲᾡš

½ƽݬBɫѸٳֵڵ֪̫Ϊ¼ҽָʱҾ˽Ϣ˳ȥܿͻοղŸձ幫̫Ļ£ҲûϵͷӦС

Ҳͷ½ƽԼһҪʧˣʵû˼ݬBҴҽ֮̽ٹ

-

ݬBʲôˣֻܵȡ

֪̫󲻿ָ飬ȴɲܿصֿµͷÿһͷ裬һ˷һϼ忾ĥȥʹ

촽һֱߣûЦ⣬úܽ

欺ò״ٹǴºЦĿüҪļǱСèצƮƮ£Ī

ЦʱᣬЦʱ¶͸һϢ

欣ݬB˲ôʱֻ첽ǰ
Ķ٣ȫǳʶ

ݬB̫¹ͬʱתͷ
ͷ½ƽƴüŪۣʾֵܣû¡û£侲㣡

ݬB΢΢Ųĥһڰͷ
ͷµƹ欣Ѱһ㣬ĸ

¹üͷ΢
Ȼ˵ݬBΪͨģȻλݴûкøС

̫ͻָ飬ÿ֪֪ɫöɲС
ԭҲã̫󶼶֪֪˼۾еȨӵǡ

ֻǻǴ£֪֪Ҹ÷Ҳϲ˹꼰᯼ҷ򸾶ͷͬС

-

˹ϹʱǡҪ빬

¹ûǣƽʱһԽ͵ſڡ

˹кûǴ򣬲һתȥ˭һ

˹ݬBԹԸ欺ͷһؼģ֪欵ָ϶ûɣܿͽĿƵϡ

ողűͻ飬˻Щκף뵽ͻ£С˲պ졣

˹ʱȻ

½ƽ̩ɽ˺úñ֣ǰʰ񣬲ҲֻǺȥ

̫󶼿ˣټ۵ıƫ½ƽδҹζ࣬ͻʥּܿͻ½ƽǸŻظ׼ӭȢˡ

ظ·ϣ¼ҸŮͬһ

˹һ֮£֪̫ԭȻָ飬ֻ欵׸ڲãһ˵᲻øף̷׼̫꣬ТģΪѵĴͷ

ô̫ԭ뽫ָ˭˹ѵú档

欶£뵽̫˵Щ˫ջ̺죬ʢĺĻ㽿Ρ

֪֪ˣǿЦ̫˵ɣѡ볤࿡ǿǷĶʵ٣֪֪õģҲҪ֪֪ϲС̫ԭǴ֪֪ظ֮󣬲˽ѡĻ͵ฮ֪֪ѡģ̰Ի鹬Ů

Ȼô׺ߣδŮ֣ߺ

˹΢Цס
̫ûΪָ֪֪飬һʼĿ塣

˹ԭΪ¾ʹ˽ҹû뵽̫ȻָͷѡĻȴ˹

ʱŲã欸ջ󣬾ͼææ⣬һﶼžõĻ񣬳ͽ鷿ɵþ֡

һ֮£֪̫ȻǽǶǵĻȫ˹

欿üֱʶȥ鷿Ҿ˾̫﾿⡣

û뵽ͼ˲Ÿ뿪󲻾ãӭһǿ磬գ۵˲䣬ԭ÷ջмѲӰ

Ȼعʵأ
Ҳݽݽȥˣˣ
÷ʹԿһۣеס

ฮ䱸ɭϣ˲ܽ߻иݬBţݬBǴһĶɣǱ룬ܺ

ǼԵ





53.  ѧ׷   ˵ĴѲɷ˵ġ

ʮ

ʧȥ, ůϤĻʱ欻ûӦôһ£ͱȻϢشݼ, Ӷȥ

ǺХķ˽, ĺǰ

ͷһŵصɴۡ
ݬB𣿣
ôฮ°ߣ
ҪԼ

˽ڻ, ãĹĵѩʵŽסһһ, ȫϤĳľ㡣

ϸٿһͨͨ

ݬB, Ƽ۵п־帡֣ȫȵףһһٵʹ
۵װ, ͸⡣

ǰܿͱï֦ܵҶڵס, Ԥе˽լһŴҾฮԶ

оԼСطĸԭ, ͱ˫
˵Բ𡣡

ĻڿţԼڴִֵϣݬBϥǰ
ǿյģ¸ߣˤرס

ݬB, ΢΢βһƬɺ죬˫δʹ࣬һƬڣն޷ཹһ

죬ôˣ˵ĴѲɷ˵|ҵĺصϡ

⣬͸֦Ҷ϶Ϸϸ˸ĽɫΣһ

кȻһ죬ǰһƬհס
޴߬ȴûҪƿ

ĺ촽Ҳ¶ȡ
Ҫըһ㣬쳣٣ײǻۣ˴δ׽㣬ˡ

˵촽Ƚǰеζһ
ֳԵ΢΢ͷؼǡ

ûа취˼ԴûɵһѣΣоԼĲȣֱֱˤ
ֱսŷԼúõϡ

ŷ֣ݬBڷ

˫֣Ȼ࣬˶
־壬Ƽơ

ͬǰǳʮռƿʱᣬʱ|дżĿƣԵĿ־뽹꣬ʹ÷·ڱԵĴܸС

ĺȵģָ촽ȴе
ĺ벻ͫ͵ؽʲôȻĵ׻һ˿ʹĸо

Ҫܺʱڽɿ͵͵˵Բ𡣡
ɬѹֵµɳơ

Դһţʶģ̧˦һơ

ݬBƫͷȥȴΪ⣬͵ЦץС֣յߡ
ỺָЦȫ޿κεĳ硣

һȣԾסֹлգҲлڴܡ
޴رۣͼ۵׵

𣿡֡
һһỺƣΡ

ղʹȫİƣƵȷЩʹ
欲˵
ݬBЦ֣Ժ£Ҫ£ֱϥǻţģߣ֪𣿡

ĵĴУİϤ˲ͺˣëȣƮƣҲҵһͿ

ʼû̧ҲĿ⣬˿ûз۵׳˾

Լ֡˵꣬˦Լһƣ췣
Ǻü⣬԰ʮǰ㣬ʮ£ʮ£ࡣ
иǸоһĬְسͷԼ

ĵٴһС

У֮һֱţ֮ǰһֱϣӲˣǷˣ֮ÿһ£ȴһʾţѲʶǸݬB

ͻȻܵ౻˽ס
ۡ

͵׽ס˵֣Ưۣβ糺ĵý޶Ŀ
㲻Ҫ㵽ôˣûҸղֻǡ
Ļһ⣬̲ס󺰣ݬBס֣

ں֣ûٽݽˡ

ݬB£Ļع
̧΢޳΢ָա
רע֣أÿһ¶ޱȵСָ÷·ı

˵ƵɤȫڲסЦ⣬˵ĻȴԲԾҲ֪Բ𣬲Ҫ£Ҳԣھȥ

䣬ֵ͵ƵЦ
Գģġ
̫ԼΪֻҪܴߣͿƵסԼ

ܣܣһ뵽ʶõĶɣѪҺͿƲסطڣɱ֫ٺҴܡ

ֻ뽫ֻԼֻܿԼ

Բ𡣡

Ǹӡ
ֻ£־ķӣ
½ƽ˵ûûһˣϲһӡ
Ҳǰģ޽ٵģȫȫģϲ

Ҳ뵱ˣǰһ侲Գ֣ûа취
ûа취

Բ𡣡
һظ

˵ʲôҲΪҪһֱǸʵøȴֽ˰뻳УԾ´صฮ

һ·ϣڵǸ

÷Ȼ
Ȼûоˣ¼ȴҳһš
ݬBմ欻صฮͳǰȥػȭݺϻȥ

ݬBûж㣬ԹվŰ
һȭ̷Ѫζ

β΢죬ŲԵһ⣬촽΢ףһ֪ô¡
ŭ޷зŨɱ
ûסֱӽקȭߣǷ˰Ľ

ݬBûκ㣬ȭ䵽δȬʱǿȻΨһͳƺӺﴫ

䲻ͣѪζӿϣҲѪζţȴʼմۣն˫޽ա

˹ʱڸУû˸ǰֹ塣

欱弰Χţżûб۸
¸ϸؼš

ԭ뽫欴غԺֻڽѪζȴŨҲŵ

ԭΪݬB㿪ҲᱣԼûС
ʲôûҲʶֻ̧סԼҲûУһʧ˻ǵľżһ
Բ
ˣӿһĿ־壬ɿسȥݬBǰ˻ס

¸ǰܿݬB̶̼˲ͱòҲ̶ãҲüȵʲôûʹˣƽʱô𣡡

忡ü۷⣬Ц°һܶҪʲô

ĿԱ׵촽ϣ۵һ˿ʹ࣬ĶҪˣݽ֪Ҳ䵱幫Ҷϣûϩ

ǡ֪жأԾϣҪסݬB
Σ¶ֵǰ
ݬBû°ҡ

ദһ˲ʹ
Ȼһؿ¹ף֪֪㲻ɩ
欴û°ңǶˣңҺݬB˽£ֵǰ

ͻȻĬӿһ˿

˹ظʱè뽫ݬBݬBȴһر֣ܿԼ
˱Ư˫ۣʼմõ͵͵ģ˭Ҳ

ղŵȷ뽫ֺݬBһſҲ̶ãѪ

˹Щͷۣط侲ŽݬBе鷿øҽ

Ƥ˸ҽа취ϵˣҽʵΪ˹û취ֻ˵߻Ӹ½ƽ˹

ڵȴڼ䣬˹ݬBԴ鷿ڣ˲֪˵ʲô¡

˾ȻΪ侲ȴҲܻ̣ҲݬB֣һ״浽ǰ֪˾϶ҲὫί͸¶֪

Īģ

ˣӵȷղ彫ģֱһС

һֺݵľ

ҲԼĲԾʧأԸղžܾĲ
Լֻ鷳ʹ࣬ޡ

-

½ƽʱݬBѾһɾѣֻʵ̫ңϵıѪһ֪ô¡

ݬB뿪ฮʱܰӦ˵欴ฮ֮󣬾Ͳǰڡ

½ƽԭĵ׼£˹˴ฮһˣԭΪҪ̸׵£ȫû뵽ῴˣĿնݬB

˭ģ½ƽܵûЦ۵׸ѹűŭ

˹걧ǸһЦ򵥵Ľȥ
½ƽݬB°幫һŭ
ݬBҲ次

ȥǰ½ƽһۣĿ絶ļϧˣǱҪҪˣҲܶ˵ػǣһ仰һҪ˵Ͳ֪Ϊʲô

½ƽô˵ɫɷףʱͲˡ

סü΢ã仰ʵ˵㣬֪֪ݽ֪֪Ҫ𣿡

Ϊ½ƽ˵ݬBǰ̣½ƽ˵ȴΪ֪Ѫ

½ƽ¼̣ԸڳǰϦ峳ܣ˲ͷ̬ȣҲԣǡ

ٴο欣ãһⷸѾ֪ˣҲΪ˴˸ۣΪ˺ܶܶ࣬ͲܸһĻ𣿡

򴽡
аԲûþ˾˽ߣúõĵ
ôһˣô֪ܲ˼ΪΣ

ûʱΪʱģ˽ظҸԡʱԼ͸һһƬƴšѰ㣬˫Ŀ죬񡣡

½ƽʱĻ棬̲סۿ΢᣺Ҵûô־ģսϰ˼ϸӱ͵ϮɥʱҲûһˣȴΪ㣬ֹ޹һΡ

ʱͲ֪Լڿޣӿµһһڱں̿ľϡ˵㻹ڵһҪҵ㣬ؼҲС

ļݺһĪʹ

ʵԭݬBֻǲô֪ѡ
˭֪̫˵òָ飬ȴô໭û뵽ݬBԶء

欵ڶǵøղϣݬB
ﷺЦ⣬ȴֳӶìܡ
ǲһ˻е

Ϊʲôأ
̫ˣѵǰû֮󣬻ʲô

ĵ׻֮ȥ欺ھͽݬBлúʸס
ǰ̣׻Ϊʲô

²ϲ½ƽЩѵҿ߻Ϊݽ飬㲻ЩҪЮ֪֪ǶݽԼѡˣͿͣ

ͷͣԣ֪֪˵
½ƽ߻ߡ

úúãߣĪ½ƽοЦ˦Ƶˡ
ҲֻܰݬB˵ȥʥּûϱҪˡ

½ƽصϣŷݬBͷ
ݽأʳ
£ݽԼˡ
˵ôػ½ƽͻȻвõԤУʹʣߣ
£滨ˣӦǻعˡ


ܻȥĵطûмˣ֪ٹѵȻûԼˣⲻ

ȵȣݬBòǻȥɱ˰ɣ
ܳǸӣ
½ƽھȥٹ죡

Ȼ½ƽȻ̵ʱڸϵ˹ȴ⡣
߻Ӽ£Ŀǰ͡
½ƽĳ˳ЦͣһǰݽԼڹ㣿
½ƽƽʱûʲôӣ֮͸ŲݿܵϣüưģĻʼһ¶ɣС

С˻ڳɣͼϼæشӲ˳
ԭļҪ̫ҽ߻Ӿſڣʱ⣬æ½ƽǰ߻ӣϽ˿ӱ޽̫ҽ
½ƽɫ΢䣬̷ԸСƽֽʣݽ˵Σ

ղฮûü鿴ݬBˣ⿴֪ضᡣ

ۿ΢죺֮ǰӲعүòᣬ֮δ֣˽Ӧ幫һְǲȻŭӺò׻ظүҪ̽ϴȥ幫һְӲϣү¾ͷ˺ݣҷź򡣡

˵⣬϶£û뵽Ӱ˼ҷ¾ͻȥүΪӹӷˮû뵽Ի費ѣһŷֹȫˣѪ硭

һ뵽Ѫģˣ̲סүСĽ̫ҽ

½ƽը˵ֱӴ

߻ӣ֪ݬB½ƽ֣Ķ֣ټϳһͱλʺٽûظ½ƽһ·ͨ衣

ģ
Ͼ͸½ƽͷá

½ƽЦ
ǲܴˡ
֪ʵ飬ȴҲ̲סɣݬBٹĶӡ
ٹ潫ݬBӣôµ˺֣

½ƽϵʱٹǡ
ٹ΢΢һ߻ʲô񩤩

½ƽЦ죡һ£ұػʣ֪ٹָ幫һְΪΪ˽ˣ

ٹɫһ䣬߻ĪҪߵڰףҪ֪ˣҷҸ

˵ͬʱ½ƽѾøǿݬB

½ƽ΢УЩٹԼźͻϽͰɣ

-

ฮ

ݬB½ƽ뿪ãĴͻʥּӶ

߻ӸͷȻҲй˵ּû뵽߻ӻظʱֹԼ˸Ѫܵݽһظ

˵׼ּ̫˺ôһʥּ֮æ׷½ƽߵС˾¡

С˾½ƽĸȻ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵ֻ˵ڹ£Ļ

Ǻ½ƽԽ״һ״Լ浽ǰ

幫һְȻݬBԼǰģרȨֻܲˣ˲ܲ

ٹԴ˲մŭ̽ٹݬBߵСٽʡ

һʼٹȻϡ

ϧݬBģһΪٹټҲݬBϣٽʱ֪޲ԣ޲ٹƽʱڸвݬB幫ЩҲȫ˵˳

ۣŶٹ˵ݽ幫ǰ̾٣޸ݽκְλǰ;

ٹ˵

۱Цٹ۾ϣϲ⣬޹Ϊ⣬ӣ̸ȥְͶʮ壬ţ

ʱڹŴ˶ģͣĸ˹ȥϧȥʱʮѾ꣬ٹһϢ

ٹŭϣΪ˿ڽǣⲻһС£ܿʹ˹꼰ӶС

ݬB¼ܵˣŲŻظģ˹һ֪ô¡

̽׼һ߻ӸݬB˵Ρ

û뵽ڸշԸ겻ã款ǰ
˾˿Ըһǰȥ߻Ӹ

ݬB븮ʱбһ󲻰ϢȻҲס

кܶ໰ݬB֪ΪεǸµɣҪԼŪ⸱ģ





54.  ѧ׷   Ը۶һǣ

ʮ

˾˿Ըһǰȥ߻Ӹ
ԭΪ˾˻ԥĴӦԼ, û뵽Ĭ
һ˲

˹Ц£Ŀ΢ӣݽ˵ˣ˵ûд, ȷǿ°㡣

ӵָⲻԾ

ݽúܲ˵޷ʤδְ, սԼ߹, 

˹ڹٳ꣬׼Ҳٲɽ¶ˮ֮
ݬBԭǸеݴ, Ҳа취ӸϸڿӳʵУղԼǰ, Ρ

˹ݬBŵ˵ͷ΢΢һ
óݬBΪ, , һС

ձϣ׼һر߹أؾ

ʱݬBûʲô飬˫ˮ, ûһ˿Ȼƽ˹ȴı֮⡣

ȫ֮⡣
˹ԭΪݬB欵ִų̶ȣػƤؾ壬û뵽ͻȻˡ

ݬBɳѪգ޾ʬɽѪ֮߳, ˸ˣȷ

֮ǰΪ˽ӽ֪֪Ը۶һǣȹ£ͻϵ¹ʮƣǸ̻աϾʧģÿɡ
˹ЩʧΪԼˣ˶׼ˡ

ŮٰһˣҲΪҡ
ϲһʱȫΪʼ޶ԣ͸üʱֹ
֪֪ͬݬBߣʱ˹겢δֹȻ֪֪ﻹ͸øһõϣ·

·̺ˣݬBΪͻȻ߲ȥˣ
˹˼⡣

С欺һͣҲûѿڶ
˾˲˵ȵͻȻ״ΣһüһС

˹Ůżģﻹв׵ģȻ飬⡣
΢΢Ц£֪֪Īʲô£ıߡ
˹̧֣ʾ
䲻֪Ƿ£֪֪ͳƽȵˮܰģ𣿡

ʲôãȻ
ԼݬBźָȫȫĽٶʧ˵ϲͷ¶棬Ҫʱñ㼤ҵڣЩ㶼𣿡

£Ȼ£֪ԼӦóݬBһϣ֪Ϊʲôǲ룬ֻŪݬBΪλ

̰ĵģҪࡣ
Ҫ˾˵ģĵ׷ԼҪٸǰһĶԴԼҪĳ谮ҪݣҪǰṫӣҪһС

Ҫģкܶܶࡣ
ҪÿһɽԼҪ˳վԣҪԼС⣬Ա˪ɵ뷨

ңӶûԭ£ôߣ

㣬ѽΪԼǲģǺ»ʧȥ
ٹûȥѪʱĻ۵ֻȻĿˣȴֿʼ¡

૵Ҳ֪˵ЩҪֻȥ˵Σֻߣֻ֮ǰǰ㡭
ƶ׷Լ
ͷĻ̫ݣ΢죬

˵ûͷûβ˹ȴˣʧЦŶ֪֪ݽܼ򵥣ֻҪ֪֪룬Ȼа취

䣬㴫ˣѱá
欽һȥɡ
˹΢΢ףûپܾ

Ů֮˵һЩ

˹֮ЩҪŪݬBֺ⡣ڹٳ꣬ˣȴҲûìܵС

ϲȴֲҿһԷҪһǧ֮⣬Էˣżˡ
ǧټƵĿԷȴֲ뿪±

ֱֻȲȱȫеСҰèҪ㹻ģ㹻İʾãжķȫܡ

˹һЦԼ֮ǰ֪֪ˣָ֪֪ԵСòæѹأĥһĥݬBİ

֪֪ʵ̫ûȫУݬBǳìܡ
ӽԼȴֳ˲ͽǡ
ȴֺ±

ݬBҪӽҪȫãеĥˡ

Ů߻Ӹʱ½ƽҪԺͳţڴſ΢΢һ

˹Ȼع񣺡ݽˣشǰ̽ǡԺҲڣԺظ𡣡

ڹ˼׼ɵĹǿƣһȫӸԼҵ½ƽĬĬ
¼ң⣬ȫÿ¼ң¼Ůֱ׸ûĸ˵ʲô

Ժѯ£½ƽ΢΢ףٶȽӭظС

˼򵥺֮˹꿴ԺУֱ⣺֪ݽΣ

ԺгĬ£ôʣƤ밤ҷʱܵļȲ̫أֻݽϵʵ̫ãȬҲ޷ٿ

᲻õսꪣٲһ˷ꪣǹƥһǰ޵С

ݬB˵һС£Դ˵Ǵ£ݬBǿһսꪴãԴ˵ʮоҪõй֪Ϣ߹̫ƽ

˹Ϊ࣬Ȼ֪жأҲû뵽ݬB˾Ȼˡ
˳ˣȻٱǰ˵ر߹һӣ
һر߹أҵսɳһʹ죡

ݬBˣ½ƽ˵ȫЦ
˽ʥˣݬBֵܣʱĵ׿˵ȫ޷ԭ次

޷ݬB欵ĸ飬ݬBҪû½ʲôҲûС
ݬBΪʧȥǣһ˳һһרע𣬵ȵѪɿԷޣѡ

Ҳ޷ĹһӣҲһϲˣٲôʹ࣬ʲôûס˷۱ǰ̾٣

ݬBΪҪ죬ʱпսӵǿǶ˵ҪҪ֪˲ϧԼ壬ԼŪˣҪմŭ

ʥѲ⣬½ƽҲ֪һݬBΡ
Խ룬ԽݬBòֵ

˹ּѯԺм䣬Ժбǡ
ݬBˣãýۡ

ԺǾ䡰ȬҲ޷ٿһһۡ

ݽܡܲܽȥ𣿡

½ƽ˦˵ˡѴɴԿ欵Ĳ΢΢ЦţĿȴ档

˹ֱǼǿݬBݬBҪı㣬ǸʮʮϺꡣ
½ƽƽʱͶ˹ΪɵǲҵܾĻںʻضǡ

Ժ˵˼ȣᣬ˵һϣ˲ˣסڣ뷢ֻ˯ա½ƽЦǿýȥҲֻܿ穤

ɫᣬȴΪᶨشĻл߸ѣֲ⡣

½ƽһҭˣƾܾ̫ԣֻܴݬBڵ᷿

ݬBȷ½ƽԣ̻˯ѡ

˵̫أֻһ㣬ֹϲűߵֱҲб
款Щ֣˵ֻΪֱҲˣ
ݣǳֿȭصҪֶֻ

˹߽һüͷȻ

½ƽĪЦûʲôԼġ
͵ػعͷŵؿ½ƽ˵ʲô
½ƽĬƬ̣ǰ⿪

Ŀǧٿס
¾˽棬ȻջΪ

ͫҡҡ׹һܵıĿ⣬ٿ
˹ɫࣺݽΪҪԲУ

½ƽޱ飬ٽȥβʱҾ˽½ѯʹԺУԺתҳΪֻóӦûкļ

欿첽ǰ齱ߣ촽΢΢ֻʵؿŻ˵ݬB
ЩԽ˺Լ
ݬBظˣúõģû뵽˼⣬طС
зɬʲôļ

֪˵ļ˵ǹֲԺҲ˵˲ҩҽֻ˵ʱʹͣ迿⣬򡭡½ƽ˵⣬ԳһЦƲסԼ

˵ޣ˹ȴˡ

½ƽݬBٱᣬ̽˵ñģ񲻻ٶʲôҲٲ㡣ʧȥʶǰѾ˵պٳǰӣͻ뾩

˹ɫصĿݬBΣǰס欵ļ磺欶Ȼݽʱ޷ѣȻظ

ݬB״̬Բ֪֪ϲҲ޳һ顣
̫ΣգݬBòԸ֪֪͸ߵԶԶĲŶԡ
軹öɣֵ֪֪øõġ

欲ߡ
̫ѹ̫ݬBô˺ԼأСͽ¶ҪԼΪأٴҲҪ취Լˣô˺Լأ

ղſЩˣоͷӿһǿҵʹܵ

ɬӿϱǼ⣬齱һ߽ѹ£һ˵һлҪݬBҪ

˹ټ̬ǿӲĲɵó˳

ĴͻʥּѾҪæ޳ˣ⣬ǲס½ƽίܾ

߸ײҪ飬ؼһʱ
½ƽ
ȻݬBСˣ˵ȫһܽ˻

½ƽԼƽͣãȻ޷ԭ޷òͨˣԸ㣬ΪҪ̧ܸܲ֩

ܡ

׼𣿡

ӽʱûʹңʱҲûʹңҵʲôˣҪҲҪʹңҪ

½ƽӶµ˵

ССѾͷˡ
Ϊ欴СݬBüã죬ӦøһƢº֮ˣû뵽ðԵ

˹ЩҲɵóĬ
ˣ֪֪СèֻצСӡ
СƢһھɵģȻǱ˳ݳġ

˹ٴĿ⸴ӵĿݬB

½ƽκѪԵϵ½ƽлԼϵãҲ뱻ᣬȻҲܴӦ
˹Ҳͬ⡣

½ƽӦݬBĵһʱ䣬֪ͨ
μ֣ǰǿӲӸ

պݬBתѣ½ƽȻ˽ϢݵฮݬBȴ欸ǰȥ

欴㵣һ֮²֪ݬBһѣͳʥ
Ȼ˹꼰½ƽ˵ЩģȥѾ

ݬB±УˮΨ欵£ŻԥѵõѶϡ

欲Ƕ߻ӸģݬBֱӽ졣
˶ûãΪμŽ
²֪ݬBߵ¡
ȴúܣתͷߣ㣬죬Ҫ

ɫ΢䣬ôҲֻʣôˣ
欼˵ȥ

֮ɫ΢漴ο𼱣ҿϲ״ӦģҲ˵ݽ˵ҪȥһְϿ϶ͬ⡣

򲻾ǰ۴ٹһ£ͳЦ۾·

ʱ½ƽ֪ݬBߣŻֱӽ˴ػӸֱӽͱǰ

ݬBǰ½ƽҲȰϧݬBȥѾ֪ɹʲҪ

֪ݬBˣòᣬ˺òѣһھ˵ȥر߹أʱץϵ̨˹ȥ

Ȼٹ׶ӣӶӶһҪޣ

ݬB۾ûգ˿ĹڵأֻδãѵòȣԵЩǱȥҡҡ׹
½ƽҲվԭأҶ
ȴûֱݬBң̨ݬBԵϣķѡ

΢ʵ޷
ޱ죡۱ŭԼǰһ¹޲ΪѴӦģ޵ʲôˣ幫ʲôˣ͸λɺã

½ƽ̹£븸Ϣŭ˼
ݬBȴĬ

½ƽ۷ŭǰٵˣҲٰȥ幫һԳ֣Ӱ幫Ųò²߱ӡ

⻰ЦˣʲôӣҴĹǰҲףݽ뵱ףҲǲɡ

½ƽɫһ¾ͱˡ
ô󽫾ȥףҪЦ
ʱЩĿݬBݬB벻Ӧ۵Ļ

ȻϾݬB˵Լǡ
½ƽһϣҪֹݬBȴֽ˵ϧ΢룬幫Ҳϣ΢⡣

䣬鷿ͷʹһϸͨϣ幫

ü΢΢ۿݬBݰղ˵ʲô

ݬB΢
½ƽȻ߻˵ĻתȴҲû欻Ϊ
롣
ԽԽ᲻ߡ
ԼһֻƲסԼһ˺£ԼֻʧȥǰٴαԼ

һ̫˵ҪΪָʱѾԼĲԾյ֪̫ѡĻݺԴˡһ޷˼

ٻعʱѾ°ߣϡ
ģġ
ʱŷ֣ԼѲҩɾȣȥ޷֤Լ˺

ݬB֮ʣѾ˴幫
欿żϻűǱ̬ڵϵݬBɵЩܡ
첽ǰ밲밲򸣽𰲡

ĵİ֣ζؿݬBƮƮݽ幫ˣٽղǷǰ˵һΡ





55.  ѧ׷   ߹ء˫һ

ʮ

΢, ؿݬBʲô
ݬB

欼ʼչڵأĬĳ˳, ٴγ۸ʣˡ, ݽʵڲ˾ù򣬿븸ػ

ݬBͫ, Դһ˲ĿհףԼˡ


ں
û, û

˱ŵٴλн, ԽԽ죬ͨͨͨͨͨɻþҼ

ټ򵥲, ȴĸоһǰδеľ޴Ҹ, ȻԼϮԭ𽥱ԴΣ·̻ը, Ҹѣ

ݬB̴̬Ĳ԰ף촽ǺѪɫβȴɺ콥ο
ʶ̧ͷŷԭ׼½ƽٳûзӦַ̧

ݬBǴ㶵۶, 𾪵л˵ɵ½ƽûۿ˵ۡ
ü΢۵ζŨ

⻹ͷһμֹ˵ݬB겻ᣬɵʧЦԲ٣ݰȷ幫ŻǰԳ֡

ʲôʲôã
۵Ļ£ƴİСۿɼĺ

ݬBǰ˵ʲô
Ҫˣ˵

Ůָ΢ЩҪڵǰʧ̬סԼ̵üҪð̵ա
Ķţǲŵ㶣޴Ĵ۽ޣɬ

ֱݬBƭĵˣ
̫ˣĲˣ
ŭ죬ҧź촽ߴС͸죬òɷҡ

Ŀػصɨţ˼ˣݰ䣬û˵ء
Ȼ׷ŹݬB

½ƽϵɤЦ⣬һĵ˲ԭء

ݬBûа취˼˫ѵ͸¶ã΢Ҫ˵ʲô

ɵ
ûˡ
½ƽûסЦЩɸֵı˱ۡ

ۺʾҴĹǰҲףݽ뵱ףҲǲɡ


ԭΪոЩѾ߳ܵˣû뵽и߳ܵںͷ
ʲôף
ݬBֹˣҪף

ԴһըԼֹ˫̵Ҫð̣ԴҪߵð̡
ķУ߾޵ݡ

ŮƤͰףȾһһ糺죬ʢĺĻƯò˼顣
е裬ŵĿݬBԼľҪ

Ϊ˲ɣ
ͨԲֹҪǰ̣㽫϶˲ȡ˳ף

Դһһ뷨ǣ
ôأ

ݬBСͷĵ͵͵ϲˣôܵףܾ˳Цأ

οǰһУһʼûί֪ͨ뽫ߣǿҪߡ

ػһȻˣһӣһٵĳԼǰϵ¹ʱͶҡˡ

欺ѽָо
ǣܾܿΪԼ衣
СʱһκһˣϣÿԼΪ˸õĽŬġúõĻȥ

С˷ͿǰʼսüãߵֽݣûίûùүԺĹ۸Ҳ

ʱֻҪٽúԼ׷ԼûҪ

κһȫȫ⡢ܲϲˣʹᣬҲԸΪڴͥ衣

οС𣬻һһϸĽġ
ûݬBûڵԼԲܿȥ˺ʼԼõˡ
ܡ
ܡ

飬޷˼ûȵݬBش𣬾ܾĻѿڶУҲҪݬBҵס

ܾĻУݺͱݬB࣬۵޷˲Ӿ޴Ҹб˳˺ݺӽԨˤ÷ǡ

۵˲ͺۣһƬģ
͸Լ飬ȴ᲻÷֡
ݬBԳһЦɬ

ɬĴۣȫûע⵽ģǿԼ侲˵ڵĻȴ״ΣݽСոʧҴӢۣܰհصӢۣôףΪ

½ƽ͵Ťͷ次
ùȻһҲС˴֮ﶼڻǰ˵ڣ
ݬBһִСѾͷʧʧСˡ

ܵ½ƽεĿ⣬Լ΢΢Ŀ⣬ʶԼղŵ׶˵ʲô
Դ˲һ£ߺٴγǺ죬ֹնֻ۵ľֱǶһƬ졣

أ̫߳ˣʵ̫߳ˡ
ոյ׶˵ʲô
ô˵ˣ
ûУû˼ûдôԭݬBûأ

欵ԴԽԽͣﶼˮ⣬һ޲ҧԼ࣬ڸȥԼģ
߳ܵ޴룬ֱҪˡ

Ҹ̫죬ݬBһֱ˴ӵԨ׵ʣƮƶˣҸΧããȻƮƮļⶼ顣

ûôҸûУûС

Ĳ
ΣԲҪ
Ըһֱ˯

ۼʶ㣬ӵڶο֮è壬ֻ¹߶Ҫ幫ѰöɣǺöɻһҪݽòУԾǾݬBˡ

ȤˣҲôȫǡ
ȫСǵİģɾǴˡ
ǿϷͺá

ۿ欣ζЦҪݰ䵱
ҲǣûСæϣϸСɤһ߾Ŀǻ˹ͷҪˡ

ۿɫȻʲôת

زΣյݬB˲ѹǰһֵ΢Ȼ幫ȴФ֮λ幫ʱڿ죬΢֪ݵ΢䲻ϹĪҪ档

ۻعĵǱСèצӹ֮š

΢幫
⼸ֲͣ欶лصоԼٲܺ

ݬBǵһ˵ǰ˿ǻϰȻڻǰ˵Լ˵ݵ΢䲻

Լ붼ˣ׿ڴϵǰֱ̹ԣŮССģһ¾ͱˡ
ǲܿصѹѹסССŲɸ˵ۡ

ô˵ûԭûУ

Ȼô룬ԴȴǿҪ͵-ڣֻ¶ͮͮҪð̵ֻС䣬ǿֿɰСģĶˡ

Ŷ欣ȤĲҪݽףҲǺϲ

欴ûб˵ڵЦߺòЬʮֺնɻлգԽԽ֮ơ

СͮͮģӬԸίݽ

½ƽһ˫ԽԽ
ǰСѾͷĳɼڽһ

ãϲݬBģô˵ԸίݬB
Ҫ˵ݬBû˼ͷŤ˵ߣ

½ƽڣԴҲ벻˾ô¡

־ԼղǾҲ̫ףɤӣСǸ˼֮֮ݬBܵףͺá

ŮɤӱͱѰﻹҪҪŴŴģֽᣬ⸱ߵСģɰˣֱĶˡ

ûмֵܵסƣ񣬾߸ϵĵҲܡ

֮ǰĸŮȴûһôƯֱʿɰϲġ

Ȼòĸһ˪СŮȻޱȣ̲סЦ

ٶֹٶָʹͣ½ƽһһ㶣Ҫ֪欵ҪΪԼһǱ۹ⰲ˽ˡ

ˣȥɡȣĪڸֻ뵽һ߱ˣһߺ֦ˮ

˹׼ȥǰֵݰǰ˵˵߹һ£޲׼

͵߹ءĸ֣ͷٿһֽĪ䡣
ԭߡ
ҪûϽǲǴ󵽻ͬΪֹ

۲֪С˼ݬBأԵΪҴ費ȱĶ߹Ǹ漱ٲ׸أ֮ǽáҽ޲ߣ޾߻Ӽ缲֮ɣѸ£ҽεúô˼缲ƽ𣬶Ҫҽá

½ƽ
Ϊʲôö˶˵ģôͷˣ

ǲӵɻͣټ˲ݬBһ£ܴȥֻʱίˡ

ȻҲûҲвս֮ױȲݬB

ûһݬB㣬̶̼꣬ϵɹոʧ

ڵǲ˳ᢣȴҲÿζҪһսһȳǰͷңһǰݱ

ǮֺҪǺ׾ܽľͺףҲ˵ģȻҪݬBʮսǰߣ󣬼ǮģԽȡʤԽá

½ƽҲһֱŵĹӸҲǸݬBһִã⣬ڣ

ʮݬB˲⴫첻ٶ˵ֻͷʷģʡá

뿪鷿֮欿˵ߵ÷ɿ졣

ղڻϻݬBǰ˵Щʵ̫߳ܣʱݬB
˵ˣݬBȥ߹أǵùԹԴߵĿѾﵽھֻฮ
˼֮ݬB𽥵֮£Ҳˣٽ˽ʸǣ

ԣ

С̴žž죬ȴû뵽ǰ첲һ˴Ӻס

ָ޳ڹǷϻŲ㵭ҩζȫתͷ֪˭ô󵨣ҵ

֪⣬֪Ҫôߣˣ
аգߣСɵĶȴֵ̺졣
󵨣֣ӣŭ⡣

ֻﺦߣô˼ӣҲŲˣﶼ͸΢ɲĽ⡣

ݬBڼ䣬޷һְȻϾ˶λá
߸ű幫ȣǰݬBܿ

û뵽欻䣬ݬBקϸС첲ȻӲһ˲ȴϾͽɿ

΢ʧǣ빫𷣣蹬棬Ӧ
죡
һС΢ɤһľͻͻֱͻ˶Լжݣ漴Ҵת
ȻһתͷͿݬBѾϥǣҪ

ô͹ôôϲأ
欿챻˲ըë˭׼ģ

ݬB£΢ϣﷺ˿˿ۣò׿ٴʧء
̲ס΢Ư˫ȫڲסҸš

ʮְģվֱȴ̧Ƽ۵ѹֲסķ

˺΢΢ףѻĽëڣһֱߣԼһ԰ɫ

欰һͷɵصʹԴƣݾС

ǴһĹϵ˵ķɫ࣬ӽ̬Ĳ԰ף״촽ǵòѪɫ

ȳƣխȱֱ޳۴ʲôÿһϮѰľ׽ۣɺÿĽƲߡ

ڷڣ϶˼ֿԳ̣͸żЩϢ

欶Ŀһ˲Ļ㱡
·ǸԶ侲Գ֣Цᣬ˫˵Ĺֻˡ

ֻϧϵıΪۣ޷ӡ

Ŀ΢΢һԼž룬ϲжٶӿһĪķС

˾ôĬţҴߴ٣½ƽȴһԵȵòͷˡ
ãԺ˵֮󻹵úúϢǿһة

ԣɵƮ£ߵݬBһฮ
½ƽ

ã˻δãԺ˵ٵ£ʱ޷ְͱΪ
Ǿͻฮˡ
½ƽһٱϣһ᲻

ݬBʼմײ

⡭½ƽһѾɨһۣǲףȻȥ飬˹߻ӸҲ١

߸һظҪǵͬ⣬ٴĻӸ
½ƽɱְݬBĬĬЩͬػصܣⲻ𣿡
ݬBȴֵܡ

欲ΪȻ߸˵úҵ϶ͬһ

ݬBС½ƽһһĶԻòֱĴѹסЦ⣬һÿĻȡ
ֻҪܴߣʵһҲⱻڡ

½ƽƬ̣ðɣЩҪ顣
תͷݬB̧̧°ͣȥһฮ
һҪݽͲͷ߸ˡ
欹£һ߲Űһ˵ݽ

½ƽò΢ЦϵȴҡЩӲҲЩء
ãǶ̶̼գͽһʢ˵ļȫѧˡ

ݬB̿Ц΢΢ķﾡ磬ĬĬظںͷ

½ƽԼƽͣʱȴԴ˵ҧгݵζˣ˵㣬ĪҪ

ڣ½ƽһĿݬBﲻ׼˵仰»ȥݬBÿ

ͦε΢΢èأԡ





56.  ѧ׷   ź֪ĺ

ʮ

ڿռ䲻, ݬB˸Զλֻ֮һ֮ң
ȴŮеܰ㡣

˼ҹ˽, ݬBԾס˳۽΢|
, ˱ۣٿ
ˡ

ˡ΢
¡
ȴκӱܵĻᡣ

ݬBһ, ޳ָ΢顣

欶Ŀıţղǰǿŵ벻ΪȻ, һ̣ɢ
̫໰, ȴʲڣͷ
ŮƯȾһˮǧ˰, ˵ڵ, ǡ¡֡

ǿӲȴزסеʡ

ݬB˲һţ˿˿
ۣĬ˺ð, ת
ǰ˴󲡼ԵӸ΢΢ҡΡ

ݬBɫƽ΢èĲΪ, ѡ
ÿŲһ欵ӵԽһЩǰʱѲԾס

ԽԽֱԸߴӰȫҲδͣ¡
欺ȻͻˣʲôҲ㩤
¡

ֻû˵ڣǰϥ¡
Ը⣬ԭ΢𣿡

ؿƯü͸ЩĽ벻ͳɤɳָɬ
侲ڿµָȴƲס΢΢|š

欲˵Ŀ˲ᶨҡͷ
Ц£ȥ۵׵Ŀɬֱֱ³ȴͬʱ˿
á

׼ǰŮȻ֣ס򦡣
ŮָϸƴŻ㣬һݬBһȻؼ֡
ܿʶʲôɵһЦ
СúܣСèƵģͰⲻ
СŭǰŹˣźۼ΢΢ף

ȫ̬

Ŀཻ⧲ض˫ӿųȰ˫Ȼһ¡
ûסŵ֡

÷ɿ죬µİ𪼡͸ϸ΢ĺ죬ȴǰĿ⣬˲Ҳ˲Ŀ
ݬBʶԼûܿס΢۽ޣɫ԰ֽ

˶ʱԶǿƵһ|ʼǼΪǿӲûô˳
欼ôţĵĪһ˿⣬Цơ
ѿ򲻰ܿѹ´Ц⣬ŭ˵ԭ㣬ߣҪ𣿡

ݬB۽|촽΢ȴڣСֽ˵ݽǾңȻֻ˵˵ôƶ׷

ϸɤίɬǺò׹˵ڵĻƽʱҪࡣ

ݬB΢ϣĵʲôͿѹֲסȴ룬ʶϣǣֻǲ˺㡣

Ī˵ƶ׷󣬡£۵һĨЦ⣬ҪףĸԸ

ô򴽣΢΢
˵ӽǰֱͦƯĽëŨ־̣

ŮءһĳսеĸɾϢһǶˡ
ü˴˲ƣ΢ŵķ۴ǰɢ˵㡣
ݬBסһ£ң

һĥ

欲֪ǻȻǹģѧǰԴԼǿָ̬ḧǳ׵Ĵ꣬Ħ

ݬB˫ȭգ𣬻Ӳ˻һˣi׵Ⱦһ⡣
þûʧصĽ뻳УعԵء

ݽҪúŬúҽμ缲ļȻ
欻ǰǰϥȴͻȻʲô֮ԿҪѹ֣ȴƵĵͳƺ

£ʶԼײʲôɿ֣߳ܵҧ´޴䡣

ֻһǿƵģԼ߸ϣʢ˵ĹŻһʱѧǰ׽ŪԼ

ݬBü˳ʱĹ˳ģʵ̫ƭԣԾط½ţԽ׽Ūȫǰж£ǿơ

ź֪ĺ

ŮҧŴ꣬ڳ䣬ѩ죬ѵʱͻȻҪΪ۸뵽ԭص˲Ǳ۸ϷǸ

ݬBԭأҶҶ࿴һۡ
ɬֻһ㣬һС򣬸ҿ
쳣ĳ߳ܵϢ

֪֪ôôö
֪˭ƿ

ԭ͵ִฮֻ˶ûע⵽½ƽฮ֮󣬲ź֪ط欺ݬBȻû³˶ǰû뵽һƿͿСֺڽ䡣

˲ɿس᣺ֶ֪֪ʲô
ʶҪ̧Ž߿

欻عǰ侲㣬ݽûжʲô
欱°ǿ֮ҲôݬBȻš

Цһ䵭֪֪㲻Ҫһƭƭ뾩α֪ԼûˣҪعҷԾǿơ

¡
ûôǵ½ƽۡݬB֮󣬾ͽһжԺ

ݬBһƽʱ졣
תŷԼСúõĻţ˫۵ǰ
Դĸ֮ҲûôŹ

ݬB˼˲ӲҸٴؽ
С˵Щ
ƶ׷
һֱΪԼģԭǣ̫̫Сˡϣӽȴֲұֳ֪

ݬBЦ£Ҫڽͣ߾СﲻΪȻǿҲûϵ

庬Ц˫Ȼȥһת

ǲǿơǰݬB˵
£ͷҲصǵĻͱԼԼĽЦ
ݬBСĹŭ⣬ɫ

欲ŷ̫Ҳڣɵͷһ첽ǰ
ע⵽ǺݬBһŵģ΢УɨݵݬBһۣ˼

ɺͱôˣлˣֻ˳ƺǡ
̫һͷ׷ɫȻֻ࣬ǵ׻زȥ֮ǰˣӢüԲϡ
֪֪̫£뵽ŮǹĿڵ΢幫幫
æϣ֪֪ͺáŤͷӣҲǣ

ԵԵСģмֹļơ

ĺһ˿Ц⣺ǣ幫ȿڣ΢ȻҲӡ
̫ͷһμӿЦʱ̿ס

Ƥһ򱡣ǰòײŻָɫС˲ֺͨһƬ

۸ңҿҪڽˡ欳ǣպãǰ̫ŽɵĻ͵ձаڹѡ

죬ƺ˵ʲô̫˵ʲô̫Ҫˣ
ʶŤͷݬB
ݬBվ½ƽߣ΢΢֣Цº͵ظ˹˵ʲô

̫˳ŮĿ⿴ȥݬBɵһü

ָ֪ݬB֪֪һʼһʱûж롣
Ϊ֪֪ҪѯһʱݬB

̫Ӹ֪֪ǱݬBǿռŲòΪͨģͲϲ欵ľٶò

⾩ǵĺöɵǣ֪֪ѹΪҪ˭ԣԲݬBݬB֮ǰͲ֪֪Ըǿպ׸Ĵ

̫ԥ£ĸ˵һݼ¹صҹѯ㣬ԸԸվ͵᯸˳Ƕҹ

¡
ĸ̫֮Ҫû˼ȥ᯸̫Ȼ˵ίȴĸж

̫˵Ϊﻹи̽˵֪֪ǲҲûϵпգٹȥĸһ۾ͺá





57.  ѧ׷   ˡ˫һ

ʮ

ݬBٹûȥһ, ½ƽͺȷĸݬBʱΪٹַ֮Իع, ҲΪݬBӦۣŲòȥ

ТΪ, ΪݬBĸ۵׽㣬۱ͲӲܡǡãʱݬBԼǰ, ˵뵣幫һȥͳ龰

½ƽݬBӦʲô, ҲֻܽԼ֪ȫ֪次

ȴ֪ݬBջع, Ӧòֻô򵥡

̲סٶŤͷݬB
½ƽٹþҪףԭ뽫ݬBฮҪȥ᯸, Ǳ㲻ýݬBڴˡ

̫ŮһݬBģ, Խ
ڣ欺ܿЦӯӯ˵ȻԸȥĸ

ϸӻ᯸ֻ뿪ǰݬBеһԣ򵥽߻ӸҪú

½ƽݬBص, ̲סԹ˵ˣฮﶼδޣ˹ܴӦƫҪ㡣

ݬBΪȻĵЦ⡣
½ƽһϲɸֵĿһۡ

-

ĸӲãÿѵʱ䲢, ᯸ʱĸЪ¡
̫ȴһ̬˽
븮ǰĸҪ֪֪ˣһҪѡ

ĸԼûûŮòһܿʱȻҪ࿴һЩ

欲֪ĸЪ£ֱ̫ԲԻ˯ľݣ֪
ĸ˯±գôˣǰסĸһֱֻۡ

ĸ˵ȴӯڽޡ
Ӱ֣Ƕ¡

ػ欰ȫ÷ˣûӵָʾ£վԭأ欷ʩ

£ĸ˵仰欵Ļ˲븣˳

ͬʱǰǰ䶼ʰˣĸһͬԺĶ᷿Ъ°ɣǡ
£᣺Сʱ򷿼䡣

ͬһʱ䣬欸оԼֱסĸ֡
ģ
һֱˣ˴˼ȻЩΣеȸԾȴ޷صġ
·ãҵҵĺӣϲ˷ܡ֪롣

欲뱻˷Լʧ̬˻ȥֻЦ£ֱĸ᷿ڵһа裬죬̲סתסĸ

ĸ£ԼĶڲ
СûпޣֻǱ˵ҪȷԼΡ

ĸۿֲۣͣıСʱÿһκһĵૣԲԲ㣬̫ﺦǡ

ӱܣԼŮܿࡣӱܣߵʱ޷졣
ͬʱԼŮ

ʵûн̺ʱ䣬ԼŮܿۡûôҲʱ䲻Դ֪֪Ҳ֪֪ǰͲᱻ˱ͶԾ

ĸ۾ˮӿ

欸оĸ׵䣬ջ¡
ۿͨ죬ȴʼûᡣ
ʥˣҲԹҲίԸĸԸԭǣ˽Ļʾ˲ǰӣȫ¡

˶ìܵģǵĸìܡ
ֻǲڸĸԺײڡ

ĸ欻صϣָ˵˼仰۵ۣܿ˯˹ȥ

˯ţȥ䣬ƿţдսԼ˵˵ƣͼ˫ֱأ̬ѵɢбҲϡ

ӿܿվֱˣмҪ㡣
ǲ£żɽ

ݸһЦʲôôҪ˯ˣҪιһӣ

üͣһɤЦ⣺ǡ

û뵽ô˵˲䱻Ц룬ֹȻ֮ˡǲΪĮ飬ֻ룬롣

Ҫʲô
ԶݬB⣬㻹һ飿

ֱ֪ӣȴȫû뵽ֱӡ
ôõİ
олգ۵¶һĨɬ

֧֧˰죬Ө͸Ų⣬ĹĵĿֻ˾䣺˵ʲô
΢΢յС죺һΪʲô£ҪＱˣ

ӺϲɵǰڵСģ
ɰ
ͺСʱǸԵСһĿɰ
۵Ц⽥Ũȴʮ棺ҪҪ⣬ҾͲع㣬Ľ

ʷǶݬBȴһֻҪ룬ݬBȥټ򵥲

ʲô欴̧ΪҪ
۸ԪǵãûŪ
欴󾪣æֹԣ㲻Ҫ鷳

۵׸Σ֪֪̫ݬB֮λʱʮ꣬ȴδйһ˿Թԣ볤ݶ˳ǸԲǰ㵥

欵Ȼ֪ݬBƱǰ޺ǡŭ򴽣С֣ҺݬB֮䣬ԶлӣԼҪҾίˣ״㵽ʱҲٰ

߼ӣ׺ҹĻ峺¹ˮأůĹϡ
Ůҧ촽ʮָؽһ飬Щ΢΢ĺ죬ĵβǿźɫԽޡ
ߴ¹Ȼ£Ưˡ

ӿѾͤͤһ棬ݾ޵ĿѣȴѾ˵ãپʹ

ʱͱݬBعΪ֪ѣôôѰá

ӳĬ˲δС
Ҫ۸㣬ܸ˵
һŪ


ֳδ֮Цá

-

ա
ĸţױ磬欽ݼ¹

ԭΪĸֻ¹ɣû뵽¹ʼ̽ϲֶɣϵò

˵¹ʼ֪֪Ź
һæҡͷ

¹̬ŵضյյǣһڣʮȻиСͨȴκ檣˳ߣòȻȲϾĿȴҲƵ

ȻֻǸûʵȨСĸκȴȵСĶӣֹݸ߹󣬺Ժֵʵѡ˵̫֮ǰ͸ѡ֮о֪֪˻⣬ĸ̰࿴

˵꣬¹̻֣˽κ֮Ļϡ
漴Ż欼ĸǰ

欿ǰĻЦЩӲȫû뵽˴νֳ档
¹ȻбЩЦá
룬ҺݬBûҪ˼ˡ

ĸ֮ǰ̫˵֪֪ƺٹĳ⣬㱻ιȥ

ݬBô㣬˵ͨ˵֮ǰͷ˸ҡһ˻δףңԺ׻ˣУԲС

ĸ룬֪֪ķһǵÿԺһҪòźҶ

ĸ¹׽ã˵뷨˵һޣԻеĹκ֮òȻƲϿԶԼĶӣĸȴԽԽ⡣

欸ʶʲôֻίܾ⡭µȷǸöɣֻǰ欶⡣

¹ȻһЦ˵˱飬Ҳǰƽӵĵմӡ

ʢҲһ˲ţٷ磬ԪҲ൱ŻӢ˵״ԪǸûҲʲô¡

˵꣬ͼʢӵĻĸŮǰ
ĸһۣЦȷʵñȹҪЩ

Σǿˣ¹бֻ׼ɸѡǺͷʮʮҪ

ΪյĳƬ̣Цӯӯ¹΢΢һĸʵڲǰҪĺ⣬ֻ֮ǰ̫Ϊָ飬ҲԸջ¼ңڵТ˳ΪɾܾҪҴӦǲǵڴ̫һ𣿰֪ĸΪ˰룬ڴʱѰʵڲס

硭欺ߵЦ£Ը

һЦ֣¹òϣǰŮ˵ñȵԼҪƯˡ

¹óܾȴǲΪЦ£֪֪˵Ķԣʱȷ̫ʺɫѡʶҲð

ġһ

¹Цղ뵽ͳᣬȨٽ̫ΪѡЩѡȫһ㣬Ĺܳô࿴ѡ

ĸЦǺǵԼǣʱҹŮɾһ飬ַǷ

ΪѡžٰģҲܲŮ̫ˣҪûģǾͲֻΣһҸˡ

ĸȳˣǽ¹ĲһʱԾݣ˯

¹ȻǶļ䣬ȴԼӣֻ˵ʱӻ͵ฮฮ歶һʹöɵˡ

ظ·ϣв

¹ҪٰƱصþͬ⣬һͬ⣬һʱݬBҲס

֮ǰ̫ﲻݬBҪ裬ֱӰ˸ݬBҪøˣ

ĸڻظ·ѾŲס˯˹ȥص᯸ʱǱĸߵӱġ

ûжڻฮǰȥһ߻Ӹû뵽˻Ӹŷ½ƽݬBڡ

˵õݬBúأ
΢ŭ֪߸ȥˣ
߻ӽ¹밲ݽСĲŵСϵ֪幫ȫʱش

ĬĬȻ졣
룬ûݬBΪʲôˡ

ûڣҲþܿͻฮ
ȥ·꣬꣬ưΰڣˮкµеζ֮Ʈ˽

Ͻǰѹסý
÷þûôˣʱҪСġ
Ц£˵ԼҲûô

ûֽɡฮʱ봺ոԳɡﻹһɡ粢վͷ欵̳ɡӭȥ

ʱһֱŲԶƮȥ֣תͷһһϤӰȻ

ԭΪվ꣬Ҫŷ˹ԹԵĳɡ
С˵ū澸ոճȹʱݽˣҲ֪Ƕվ˶á

ܴͷϳɡȹڶʪһ롣
ԭѾǵĴӵ£Ҫ̤ฮţյĻȻùɡȹoתȥ
÷մ㵣æųɡȥ

ݬBԶа취̵ʱ

ԶԶģ款̲ס̧һۣŭ
˱ôһɣһ˫ȴЦֳ硣
欿Ҫ£ŷڴ֦Ҷïܵڵ£ƱͷС˲١

ݬBһ˫ЬЩʪ⣬۵ɸɸɾ˿
̲סԼӣ
ݬBڹ̣ЦſʱرᣬС
ȵռܺõġģˮ۵

Ц˵ˣһۡ
¶һ㣬۵׵ĳᣬֱܰ˵Ĺͷ֣Ҳͬ÷·ҪС

˵ͳ΢Ƶɤ΢绮ϣ˶ġ
ӿһȣɿܲԭƯǳ۵գ˲Ѫ̵

÷ͷȫõ͵ͣҿݽԹֱ״󵨵Ļ׷ߺ

ݬBĳЩʱ򣬵ȷرϲ˵Ϸȴûôǰ˵ֱ˵黰

ܴϽݡºͣЩ޿κΣС㶵ĿԼɬϲã˲̿
ɰ
ʵ̫׾ˡ
ݬBһţǰһ̧ᵯĶȴҪָʱ£ĬĬؽ˻ȥ

ע⵽ĶһǱӽ۹һð˲̵ݣɬֿĵĴŴЦ

ǵý¹ڹ˵ĻЩ飬ҲЩġ
ˣȴ죬˴죬ֻ˵ôŵɣܴݽȵฮ꣬С㣬߻Ӹ

æס죬ûסЦ
Сݽظôھظʵ̫ɰˡ

ݬBȴɫ糣мĿһۣ΢ȷ£ǿգô˵ˣ΢㲻ٿ

΢̧˸롱ƣأ͵

£ʹ죬Ц
յļ򶶵øˡ
ΨдǿıסЦ⣬ҲȫǲЦ
ȫû뵽ݽôһ֥ӣȻҲһĺ˵˵

欺֪ķѾǶ͵Ц˲߳ܵҸضȥȴֲò£⣬ͨ߻ฮ

ڼڳɡ̤ฮţ׼۵Сʱԭ¸ͣ꣬ͻȻͣˡ

欽£һ˿޴룬ĵô˵ͣͣݬBûأ
ո˵ˣСһЩظ¸ǺãѵҪŤͷ˵ͣˣˣ

ûӵһüС죺껹üҲȥÿ죬һ

ﶼߵ޵ݣæסյ졣
Ƥյ²ۣĶˣĵ׵СѾʹޡ

εĲ֪ǺʱںͷһξͻȻڡ

΢΢Цţǫͣ˵Ļͷϸö΢ɾһѶˮʪʵܵúܣȻЩͻ֪幫ɷ΢ฮһ׸ɾѡ

ݬB£鷳һּһ䣺幫鷳ֻ΢С˵Ѽɡ

÷ռѾǣ׷׻ͷݬB

ݬBһϮ˿ƾ׽ֻۣ°΢΢ʪԾǹ̨׸¡

ȻָΪ幫ٹĴӣ󣬴СţȻԸ⴩ǵĴ£ɵöЩøС

ո̿欣۰Ͱ͵ĵĻش





58.  ѧ׷   ˶

ʮ

欺һŵ, ߵСԭڱܵٴ˲, ů÷·ġ

͵͵ҧ촽Ц, ˾ĹâЦ財

ϻ֮δݬBɫ, ֪ܾٴΣϲִţȴ˿

欴δ, Ще¶ռִţڴʱá

һ˱һپ, ҪԶԶģһӶؾǸ˶ľ, ָж

Ȼ, ׾ҪȴûбԹʼսĵ, ĳԵĶá

ע⵽ˣԴǴξʹޣĵ׵Ŀ־ȫ˵֮ݬBٲ欶ֻ˶Ҳ

ǰ˺, طִ磬δһ˿ء

Сʱûû˽̹ҪôϲһˣҲû˸߹νϲʲô

ȴ֪ҪǺϲϲһˣôԸΪЭı䣬Ը⽫¶úøͣѿܷ᲻һеĻ

֪ģϾǰϲݬB
ڣظǰϲά

ڲſʼػһ֮һֱڻԼ

Ǳȥ延Ժǳȴʱԥİ˵

ݬBԲգܲסļ尾˵¶ҡƭ˵ݬB˱

ʵûУݬBһڱԼ¶кıӵ

𾪲ѣףΪⱲһٵ˵뵱ͨȴɼ֡

ʵʱѾ˵ˣϼҹ棬ϵѾߣ͸ȥشʮ壬ҸӷҲҪ

ݬBȴѡԼȥܼҷ

һֱڻ͸Сʱһ͸ǰһûбֻʱһֻӿδ

ڣ֪Ƥ׺ߣѿǺԥǰ

ĵ̵ģоȫðҸСݡ

ռþòɵýСݽ

欻ع˫ͨ죬׵ļ͸֬һ㣬µӳĵˡ

΢æͷЦ
Ȼܿ򶨵˵Ȼԡ

ݬB˳µż˽ฮ

֪岻ϲݬBһʼûҪ·

Զڽϣ֪ѰȻŻظ˵ᾡӸϻ·;ңԶ񶼻·ϣȻҲԺӡ

ݬB˹ѣǾ͸ˡ

û취ֻܰݬBԣѰ˸ƵСˣСΡ

˵ҪװҪװɵݬBɫĴֲ³ǰʱŷ֣˾Ǹ¼ӣ۴ʲôѶÿ

ͦΣòףһС˴磬ڻȻɵʣ׿Ⱥ

ѾǶɵۣ̲ס룬ҪĸС⸱òʣǸöá

վվһԣļСѾ߽ͷӶС˵Ťͷ˹ȥضѧȥˣ˽ӣҹȥʮ壬ٷٺһ𣿻졣

һСѾСԹս㣬ݽǵӰ

룬ǸղûƼ캦ߵСģ۽ģ˵ĽεΣԾǶݽ⣬ݽҪΪǵӡ

÷㲻ǵҲۣ⻰ҪǴȥǶ幫ݽסҪǴʥ϶УҪү˶ܲãʱɾǴˡ

Ѿ븣͵͵Ӧǡ

欲֪ЩСﵣݬB֪֮Ҫ裬ҪȽ˰á

˽ʹļһ£ҲʵתԺеĻ˵ҵ˵ݬB˼ǹأԲУѰˡ

ڻ˵ݬBļȻصҪԲУǿסԼһӶѺáҪǺ޼ԸԶ߹ء滹⣬ôͲҪٶȣúġ

欰·ϣҲʼռǵҪݬBǰ£ֻһֱҲʵʱ

ΣøźūǾ¡
ںֻܿʣݬB

ݬBһС˴磬񰲾شףվһԣߵСˡ

˵λãȫߵ
欿̲ס׺Ц⡣
ǰ֡

ݬB£ڻ̧ͷ͵͵ġţһ

欴ȥɬ绨촽ƯСȾϼ⣬ĵ÷·ܵγˮ

ȴüΪҪڻкúϧúó谮ýܰί

ݬBɫܿص꣬һŵرۣٿ

ҧЦϴΣݽ˵һҪ𣿡

ݬBݺһȻƤͣˡ
ֻŮԼգգۣЦݲ紺
ļٶȺݺһ

Цʵ̫̫ɰֽݬBԳֵؿ

欹ʧĿԭݽ𣿡
ûСϲ⧲ݬBЦȫѹֲס״Σǵãǵá

˫һֱϣֻСװ磬ñ䡣
ԼյлЩ޴š

欿䣬̧ڴЦ
ǰһ򵭶ݵĹӣǿƵĹӣȴǰҵò֪롣
ĺÿɰ

ݬBҵ󣬺᲻Ծػ£˿΢|
˵Ƿ

˵̫࣬ѹȴǰһԼ⣬ֻίʾ

СشнӹŷĽŵֱð

ͷȻһ˫壬ٿż⣬촽ݬBΪȽŶ򦡣

ԸоݬBһ𣬺ص˶飬·˶Ϣ

Ƕȣܿڵ۽޲ͣţ촽һֱߣϸβ糺һȾѹʲô

йεǣ欿˵غɿ˿

վ󣬲ŷ˫ֶ󣬻ⶼý
绹ûãʵ̫ǿͷ΢΢һ
ŭض˶ţּҴǰֱֽˣ

ݬBЩǱƫͷ˼--Ϣлģ΢Ӳʣ΢ʹ˸ǡ
ѹֵµɳɤ͸õ-С

欼תߣ£˺סݬBվס

ݬB½Ų˫ȫҲѹֲסĳ---һͷôվԭر

аٹԼ̲ס޲¡
ʧѹʹࡣ

欹ҲѾͼޣڱԵǲٿ벽
ֻһҪݬB½ƽ֮ǰ˵

ս˵ҪΪһʵƾܲˣȥĪҪ롣

ݬBԭﶯþҪըһģ˲ȴһķȻ˪

欼Ҳɵõģ壬ˣݽȥҺúˣҪҵġ

Խ˵Խ죬Լֵʵ̫ˣе㵣ݬBʹ˵ôߡ
ȻݬBĻ֮ת

壬ʶһ

˾ֻʣʱͣ½Ų
һ󡣡

ãȻĿʲô
Ժֱӻ𣿡

֣
һֻзǳ׽˲Żֱǰ⣬ǰֵʸûС
½ƽݬBôҪãǺı֣ôֱӺأ

ܾȥصͷһʧģиطȻ

ܺ֡
ǣЦ£ɬǳ̫񣬹黳
С˵ҿԣ֡

񡣡


ı֣ʵĵ͵͵Ρ
ȴûǰҲûôһ졣

ЦŬЦС˵ģˮһƯĲ˼飬ˮԳ

ݬBɫˣϵЦڲסĿ⽻ٴ׵ؽĻ

ٿغһ΢΢ǣڣкηԸ
Цչ˺Լ
ݬBЦһۣģǡ

תȴһ

Ϊʲô欶ÿν뷽跨ҪѰ
ݬB첽뿪ฮصӸʱǡü½ƽҪ
ȥˣ½ƽѪﾡ֡
֪¹ٰݬBʡ

˵½ƽĵ׺òѹȥĻٶȡڡ˦ȣš

Ĵͻʥּˣ¹ȻʱҪһӵܼŮ

¹Ȼ˵Ϊλֵٰ̫ģʱ嶨Ҫ̫棬֪Ҫʲô¶ˡ

ɲ̫ӺͺλʺʲôӭȢΪޡ

֪½ƽҪݬBݬBˣߣԸСȥ̫ҽ
֪¹Щˣ

½ƽɵĿһۣ㲻֮ǰȥһ٣ǲμӲ˰ɣ

ԣôѣע⵽ݬBһС˴磬ȥˣ
ݬB΢΢Цţֻ


½ƽһǰߣΣסȣһģݬBҪȥŪЩˣúˣʱϽɱ仨ˮ

ǸСͨ½ƽһʱڿ죬˵˲˵ĻݬBһۣæĿڡ

ǸСѾͷǲûϳʱֵһϳ¼ҽֻõ˲ǼãαҪҪ֪˽Щ鷳϶

ݬB˼½ƽĻ
½ƽˣЩš

ԭΪݬB֮ǰһȰ棬һУ£û뵽ݬBȴ֮侲
Ծ

̫ҽܿͱ˹ݬBƣҩ֮ԭҪ뿪ȴ½ƽס
ݽˣҪϳ򣬿ʲôӲ˿ڱ

λ̫ҽԺеĵ߻ӵĻûЦûУݽ˵úú䡣

̫ҽ뿪ǰݽ˲С

-

¹ԲٰٶȻ죬ܿͷǸฮһ

յӲģ½ƽһЩ̫λʺϣٴζʲô¡

ǰ̫ñӵֶǿռ壬һ϶ưհݡ

˹Ҳʱϯף֮󣬱㽫¼ҽˣȫе鷿

ٹþҪףգδ¶ˣǲҪϯúá

׵Ļ̵ͷͣŮҲôģ¹ĸǱߡ
˹֣޷ʱһԽ˵¡
Ű
欳ûҲϯ

˹СѾͷһŴŴĵĶˡ

ԽദԽã˹ԽǷıչ˵úܺãȻСЩȴܻչɫһ͸ģȴֲʧ洿

һж˹⼸ĸְ

ݬBֻ⽫欼ȥһԲܣԲ㽿οɰģ

СԹˣп񶾡̱ҺãЩ֪֪úõĽţݬBԶΪģЩµĶδϡ

˹ЦĿһۣУĸصΪٰ㲻ϯҪĸġ

֪ĸĺ⣬ǰ欸
΢죬ͺɤΪᣬСƽʱҪϸ顣

˹ζЦǲ룬ֻҪݽ
׵ȡЦܲӵЦ
ڴЦ

û뵽˾˻ôֱ׵ȡЦԼ˵СϺӡ

˹Ŀ⸴ӵĿΣһԴε֪֪̾ĸҲǷҪվѡֻǵģûɣ֪Ǵ軹ĺöɣݽҪ㡣

͵ȥ档

欷Ҽġ
ţ˹꿴
֪ӣ£ЩԼϰߣĿڣݽǰδ߹ʱȥĶңҽҲһμӹʫᡢͻ硢˵ЩĺöɣҲ١

ûһݬBġ
ҲûһôãӲƽĳһ

ݬBǰȥʱû˵ﶼãٲ֪ʱ·߼˸˴

Щ˸񶾣ǹҪܻ˵СͶ˼ŻὫСŮ޴ߡ

ֻԼ֪ݬBû˼һֱǵҸɾġ

ֻǽԼãֱʱټյĿ⣬ڶһ˿һĲ

Ϊ蹫ȻԸȢ
Щˣĵֻϲ𣿻ֻϲݣֻϲò

¾ȣ֪ѧǹ黭Ĵ棿

岻ͬʮʮĴҹ㣬ںԺ֣СС;ͳĴʶ㣬ҲûļҹӶһѾôõġ

ĵ˵ͷ
Щ£˹֪欻֮˳ײ⡣
˹ԭȰģ뵽ôǲδչ˹欣ȷôΪõǿ
Ц֪֪ݽ⣬ҲǿӲطԻֹǣֻ㻹ǵóϯĸ˵λѡžٰģ͵ȥա

ε̾˿طʱǸһѣ
ۼֿطס
˹üģôˣ֪֪ﲻʣתͷԸȥиҽ

ҡͷҲûвͻȻͷΡ
·£ˣҪҸ
ˣ˯ʱżͷؽᡢ·ȡ

˹ѵ𱸵֪֪ԺҪκβʣϽиҽֱ˽̫ҽԡ
˵ַӦҺ𣿡

欺ٱΧŹĹǰˣݬBȻҲչݬBرҲֻǸСѾߣҶūͣչҲرģȻô˹ģۿһȡ

ҽܿ͸˹֮ɫȴ

˹ԭΪֻȾ˷纮̫ģҽɫԣʣش幫ӿд󰭣

ҽԥ£欼˹ֹǲ˵

˹ܿͲԣ˵

ҽΡΡع£ЩȷѴҽˣ󣬲ү˽̫ҽΪ幫

һҪ̫ҽһ˲䱻ʵѲҵʲô֢֮





59.  ѧ׷   Ǵζ˫

ʮ

ҽð亹, ֮ɫĬ
˹Ըҽжҽֹ, Ҳʵⷬ, ǲ˶ĵط˵֮ʡ
Ƭ̣¼嶼£ūҲһˡ

ھʣ, ˹ֿڣشҶ꣬Ӧ֪ҵΪ˼, ˵޷

ҽ˶ˣЩ˵, 幫ǵʲô֢֮ˡ

幫ޱ, ˹Զ谮м, ҽҲ˵С֣ôʮί

һ˲ãȻ
ʲôǻ
ֻϲ֪ϲǻһ֡
˹ȴ̾, ɫȻɢһ⡣

ҽҲ֪жأٶȼѿڣҽǳ಻ó˿ƣ˩

֪ˣ˹΢΢Ц, ˸ҽһۣش𡣡

ҽ˹֪꣬ʲô˵ʲô˵ҽߣɶԶʧһ©ֹ幫ฮ£С

Σҽɫص࿴幫ӦȾ˷纮Ϊץҩҩүġ

˹΢΢ףȥɡ
ҽ׸˹߶꣬ȥʱɫֹݣϸ˿ŵĻҡ

ҽȥ˹ɫӵĿһۡ
ȻҲ֪ԼԲȾϷ纮Ŀž˾ˡ
˹˫ֱⲽ
Σǰʵ֮ǰݽһʱûȱ𣿡

ⲻܡ
δȢޱӣǴɣֹݬBӰ죬ٹ볤ᱻ˳Ц޷
ǸعӵˣʹݬBͨҲͨг֮󲻺ȱ

˹껰һڣ款֪ôˡ
ǻϺˣкˣ
촽΢ߵָⶼۡ
㶵شۣ˼ضԼƽ̹С
ϲĵһӿϣѹֲסزˡ

˹۽üҲزסĻϲصر˱ۡ
ھȥӴ򡣡

ԺǴֻڻϣǽ±ضܿͻᴫ۶УԲС

̫ҽԺˣҲԺе˹겢ģΨһ֮ˣʣˡ

ΪѣСѾʱһֱڰΪ欣ؿƿ

һ£˹˭Ҳû˵嶼֪
¼ҽö˼ڽҹ뵽ฮȻ欣ȴҲδʡ

ฮǰȥʱֻ˵幫˷纮ܵڶ˵ҩ׶ûԼҩ䣬ҴҸฮ

ڱ͹欣˲Ǵǰȥڵ󣬶˹ԺȻӿһɲõԤС

½ڴ鷿֮̽ŴϣȻˣ⡣
ڼɫЦ⣬вһ졣
˹겻˵ֻ欴

һʼΪԼѴˣ£ٴϸܡ
ܿ˶ˡ

ⰴ֮Բоϲʲô

˹Ȼɴۣɫ֮ɫȻ
һ£ǲס
Ӵ򣬿ϲ֪֪ղ˵ˣݽδñԼȴڷñӵˣôᡭ
ôͻȻУ
Ѳǻฮ֮ݬBԶв֮£ݬBƭûʲôӵ

˹ֹɫѿˡ

ڳ£üȷϲн£Ӧǡ
ͻȻ£ɫ΢죺Ӧǰ欳γлʱͻˡ

Ҳ֣ɽǰ欴ʱδУôᡭѵΪʱ˼ǹֲˣŲ

ʱȷ΢ĻһϲΪ⣬ټϵʱݬBȶţŵֻҪνҩУû뵽׷欵

ʱ׹ΪεʱݬBôɴ

ݬB΢ϸ΢ôϸĵһˣ϶欵Ĺˮʱǵ
һ֮󣬾ûˮʱŻĻѻǱϲͷ
裬ҲɣԼʲô

ݬB欳ʱδñӵ֮Ҳδ欺ȱνıѰĲҩԼ尾ġ

ԭ޳ɣݬB˵ʲôҲԸ欺ȣԭ룬ӦòôպһξУ˭֪ôպã

ڵδĹ֪һҹݬB˼Ρ

֮ǰݬBûйˡ
δ|磬궼ɳ۳ңѪյͣʶ£ټϱ̫ƣеǳβ֮ˣҲѲʧִ硣

ƤܸڣҪ˲ֹһΣǻһ
󣬾Ųͣظģɲ֪ƣ룬Ӷᡣ

ӵһҪϵطòάҩЧ˲

ԭΪԼڵһγʧܣݬB׽֮󣬾լҲȥʱϵġ

ϾʱݬB߹ֻҪӣӵԼѪˡ

ΪݬBʱֹͣñӵŻỳϣû뵽Ȼ˳ˡ

С

Ҫûôçײ˶ʮӣҪûк³ľǲǰҲӵԼĺӣ

һ޷ɬӿͷ۾Ҳ⣬߱ģ壬ҧס촽ûеʧ̬¡

ΪǺ£æο欲£ҪǲҪӣҲܣҲܩ

ûвҪӡ⺢Ӷ˵Ƿǰûܻסһصޡ

ԭ˵ҪӵĻСҲзӣе
欻ᣬֻҪú֮úõӣԺٻϡ
û뵽ҲûʹĻ

˵Ҫӡ

˹һͷİϣؿ次
Ľ欵ŮֹһŮŮ

²޼֮⣬СͲԼķضѰӣ岻ͬ

Ѿָ߻ӣٹþҪףҪ֮´˳ȥҲǣ

ã˹ڿڣ֪֪Ҫӣʱ뾩һꡣ
欴
ڼæ뾩뾩ĻҪȥģ

˹ֻҪ˵ɼҪ뾩ɡ֪֪ظʱײµ壬ɡ

ڲͬ
ʧһ꣬ݬB²Ҫ裿ˣ֮ǰͲݬBǣ壬ֱģԶ߹ؾʲô¶ûˡ

û뵽ʣ֮Ҿܻؾ𣿡

͵Ťͷ۴㵡
ҪݬBȥӵ˼
ݬB֮䣬ûԥѡ˺ӡ

ͻȻݬBе

ʵҲ
ݬBжˣж

Ȼĸ˫ȫȴ֪ݬBСûмң֮󣬵Ҳˡ
ʲôҲûУֻԼԲŻôִš

ǶһϣǺõ˲ࡣ
ĶãҲΪܲ뾡취ı
ΪݣΪǹĴӣΪݬBǸúνѡҸꡣ

ԣҲ뾩ҲݬBһ飬ϱһֱĵ׵Ը
һֱ޸ݬB
ġ
ֻǺˣֻܽؽĵס

ڼ˽ֻԼ

˹Ĭ
а취欻ؾ˳ฮȴô
˹ֻ»ӳ顣

-

һ£ڻǸҽؿƿ˹˭Ҳû˵᯸Ǳ߶ˮ©š

ʱٽϯۺ;йСй뾩һξ룬ٹձҪ̡

׼軨̫ʱ䣬¹Ըĸǰеһӵܣȫ˹

գ岢ûгϯΪ幫Ǹ⹫һ顣
Ϊλ࿴λŵģȴˡ
ʱۺλм䣬λʺ¹ࡣ

յĵ£ȫû뵽ۺȻҲϯССҶɶʱˡ

½ƽ֪ûгϯ˲֪жˬ졣
ݬBɫʼղ̫ÿ
ԶлҪࡣ

ֹˣ¹欽еԣʱʱָŶҪ࿴
һָŹһָŰƽӣһֽ¿Ƶ̽ɽеǰЦӯӯ˵ʲô

欱׺ߣܼ򶨣Сȴ̲ס΢΢졣
ȻûжǸ¿̽ЦݬBȴѾס

½ƽͷһϽ˰λ
ϻʺڣɸŵ㣬ٳӡ
½ƽ䣬Χ㴫һк

¶ӵʵ̫ˣ
ǰÿһεҪ¶ϳĻб˵ķݣһβӮ
˭˲֪ھһôϳˣ

Ϊӱܻ£ʲô¶̻أ֣ϡͶͨ
ھǾһŵ۲۵ӵܣ֪ж˶ΪϧȮӡ

˵ⳡǻרΪλٰģĿľҪѡѲ¾뵱Ĺģ
˭ָ֪¾幫֪жŹôϳ

ʱַǷƽʱڳ۳ңбӰӡ

ǰȻݬBǵǰˣټֳ棬һ¾ͱȥ
οϵĻԼˣǴûģܿĿתĿš

¹˳欵Ŀ⿴ȥڿ壬Ȼζӳ¡
Ҫǵ֪֪û°ߣúףС޲µ÷Ͷϣ

¹εЦ£̽¡
֪֪ϲҪϲ㡣

¹֪ԣҲö˵ֻҡͷֻǼϻȲԺ档

ǰɢɢģһɢģȴ˸˰㣬ȣüɫ衣
ֹ款ȤһڹŮҲĿתĿ

һͷݬBΪ¹һ欿˲ˬղŽ̽ɽйȥʱס˲Ҳ˲Ķųϵ壬̣½ƽһ¾ͱƿ

ݬBʱӾһֱ
ԭ½ƽһΪݬBʲô£û뵽ݬBȴֱֱȥ
Ȼ׼һ

ֹע⵽ˣ欶ˡ

½ƽݬBߣͷֱֱ׷ȥ㿴
ָָ欼¹ĽָָվԶӣ޵ָ»ϡ
ôţȥֲֹôԺ󻹿欶ͣǸܿ͹ȥˡ

ݬB֪
Ųȴǲͣ¡
֪ȥ½ƽܿע⵽ݬBķ򲻶ԣ£ȵȣ㡢㲻ϳɣ

ǡݬB΢Ц˵ֻҪϳǴƬײ欶оֻˣ

½ƽںֱӽΣϧ򲻹ݬB

̫ҽ
û
ûͲһҸո˵ˣúܣǰҲòûˣһ
̣ݬBЦºͣΪȻҲûһ

ɥĸޱ䣬ԶͽϵǼ꣬ѧ˳Ĭ͡ϰ̣С£ʲôҪΪԼ·

Ͷԣټ򵥲Ψй欣̡

¹һٽܶɸʶֳݵСűˡ

欼ݬBѾȡᲲ׼Ӱаٰԥס
ĸм£ݰʱʧ㡣
˶ûãʲô
ң֪ԼжһϳйŮҪơ
欵֪Լ֮ﱾͷң⼸նžҪҪݬBʵ飬û뵽˲ղݬBֿʼˡ
ֹϧԼӣĴҡ

еŭܵϸߣζƿһζһɻ޴

¹£ڣͼ欴æȥ
ҲһֱעˣϣĹһǰ

欱ϵŮһһʮעĿֻһ˵ǰǺܿͻΪ˽㣬λһͬУǿɾͲһˡ

ȻΪ࿴ٰģʱǣλΪͬС
ѲǿͬһɣǴ³Իһǣ

ݬBʱ޿̲ע欣ע⵽ȴᲲϸؽá
ˣ½ƽҲֻӣͬᲲ

欼һȫװģŭʢǰŭ
ݽӦҪúˣʲô

ݬBϲֻԼģϲҲãҲãǺģϲ
˫΢䣬ЦĿƵ˵΢ƺܸȤϳԣԸܿǷôȤ

ίذʾղĿתĶ忴ģҶˣֹԴˣҪҲҡ

ˣ۾գ£ҲƤף|κܿʹӶӵա

˻ûðҧҧƴ뽫ֱ֮Ҳϳû

ŮƮŵϼ߼ˣȻ֪ԼǴζƴ򷭴̳ǰ㡣





60.  ѧ׷   Ȣ㡣˫

ʮ

ÿɰ
뽫
ݬBۿ, ɫ΢͵Ц뿴ô

˵ŵͳĲ࣬˶ˡ
δӦ, ȴǼɲع¡
½ƽ˫֣ЦĿǡ

ݬBؾ֮, ֻϯһϯһλ欲Ϊ硣
ĹȻλݽ죬ȴҲƷ˼ֲѰ
, ʵλݽǲǶ⣿

ֻݬBһ, ż欺С۽޲ͣȵģ, ĿȻ
ֻ͸һּĴײ˱˵֮⡣

û뵽欲˵ȴ˴ش𣺡ݽնĳĴ磬ò, 幫Ҳս޵еӢˡ

ƽ֪ʱ, Цӯӯ˵ţֹ幫뿴һڹŮҲƣݽǷ紫ǰս


΢õü
ƽ⻰˵úݬB򣬾Ͳһ

ݬBȴ, Ƥ̧Ҳ̧ҲδƽɺЦĿ欣ʣ治뿴𣿡
ֻҪΣ⡣

ƽݬBӵ̬, ҧ촽ʵ½š

ȴĪȡˡ
죬΢΢ƫͷ˼ʲôΣ̣˫Ŀ롣

ݬBЦ׼ӹϵˣȴִŮϸɤǽա

֮ǣҲ˿ңϻˣӦһú˵ġ

ݬB£˼Σǣġ

ıʵ̫ԣһ١ٶǰεĶչ¶ȫΨǴӵ̬˿ᱻȡЦ
ԣλò˫ȫɾĶ幫ʾ׷

ͬʱȲٴԭһѸһ䣬ٴȡʤ

ǰʱͼ欵ӰŭȥݬBǰʱĵ׿ģ֪ΪΣݬBĪĽ

ڴ裬жɶԹ׷ԼǵĹΨܡ

ǰӸµĿݬBصݽòĳ˵ãδսӣ

ݬBΪ΢΢ЦţȴŤͷô˵ҩ

һĨʧ䣬漴ЦݱĴĻ³ܿҪʼſݬBݽѲҪ߻Ӷϳ

ݬB岻źۼĻ欣΢䡣

λ֮Ҳв˸ſ˹ΧֹƽӹŮҪ欸ղ˵ϳôⲻ˸Եɡ

ȴһضĻֱӽⶪ
ݬBȻգȻԼһ
ļʮ׾ӣΪ⣬һ欣ȴݬB͡
ĳ
֪ͷݽ޷ϳ߸򡣡
Ĺ㵣æֹû̫Σˡ
ûǰֹƽ㲻ɣҪ˲СˣʱʶҪ

ΧŮǷ׷¶΢

ͻȻڰݽѲǶ⣿ˣݽԶ幫⣬ҪĿɳ

˵ſϷʱһȻ𣺡Ȼݽ޷ϳ಻򣬲ɽĳλϳ֪λΣ

˺ܿʹȺ˳ǰ
ϳ˱Ƿű¹еǰ˵̽ɡ

λ֮̽ǺӵܣȴǲŻòӢԲŻᱻյΪ̽ɡ
ı̫мƣ˵¹ۣصؽеǰΪǣߡ

ͻȻǰΪݽΧ˭֪Ϊζأ

ƽԭģⷬ棬ǾȤˡ
ݬBҲϵЦⲻ䣬Ŀȴ
ҪǺãԸϲţæЦˣͽˡ
䣬̳ߵĴ÷ʹ˸ɫ÷ȥ潭ȡᲲ

ЦºͣʮֵĿ欼һۣң´ϳĳλʧ

ղ¹˽еǰʱ欲Ҷԣ¹ĸǣߣĻȴǲɵʧЦǫˡ

岻õȤصתͷȥ
ݬBѵָ֣ס

½ƽϳͬʱԼҹӽᲲ
ۣݬBתߣ˵Ȳζ
˽һ㶣ƽǺݺݵĵһۣʼվǹҪݬBѿ

ͷһȴ̫࣬Ŀŵĸϡ
ֻҪΪɣô÷Լصϣ취ȥݬB
û뵽ݬBǰСϵ

Сϡ٣޳ͦΣֳѣֶģΪۡ

÷÷״Կһۣ˫˫ͷЦ
˲ɵа⣺ݽ˽ǹǰδҪ£ȴϬһ㣬һµҪʲôš

һůʹĿڣĿ˿˿⣬۾Ц
ղŻֻΪֹԼʧأֶ˺Լ
̫ˣûУйԹĻ

ݬBǰ۾
˫Ư˫ӿĳǿҲѹֵκԣȴŨŨĽȡ
ƺ˼ǣֱٴѯôˣŻڣȢ㡣

˵ĻûͷûβֹסĴ봺÷ɵˡ
ݽ˵ʲôôúõͻȻ˵ҪȢ
һۣнǻţŷͷУһǰһСͷϸ쿴˽ӽ

欵ͻȻֻʣԼ
𽥼ӿ죬ټӿ죬ҪĿ㡣
һݬBǵһ˵ȢԼܾ֮ǰ˵ףԸΪһҲҪȢ
ʱţֻΪںԼֻΪ벹Լ

⼸նţҸԼе£ҲֻΪ˺ӣŲòΡ
ڣ֪ǹȥڣĵЩڡ
ĵģģֻΪˣȢ

Ŀ˵

ݬBأۿ˫ڣʣԸҳ𣿡
ееơ

֮ǰ½ƽ㵽ǰͻʱҲд˷ţԸԸס
ʱ欺¶½ƽһ٣ڣȴ˲һ顣

ĸ֮ܵС⡣

欼ǵõʱЦ˵Ѳ㲻ӦͲͻ𣿡
ۿгϲãȴЦѵҲԸ⣬ͲȢˣ

ݬBСţʹ໮ȴ΢΢Ц˵ţһȵԸΪֹ

ͷԼۿģ˵£Ըܳɡ

ţݬB֮ǰķٶ϶ҲԹҪȢ
Ÿջص¼ңŸܷΪ幫۶ܴӦ
˾ȻҲҲڵ֪º֮˵뾩һ꣬ݬBס

ݬBٴοǰ̲סʣ֪ΪλҪң

ݬBҪ֣ȥȴ֮ǰÿһһ;˻ȥ׿
Ц£ֻ¡
ʲô
̫̫㣬ߡ

ݬBţһйͲܲһʲôǹƣҲ˻Ϊ㵹ǰ̡

欲˼ĿѲڳǸ
ݬBٿ֣ԴϵָĴϣס촽
˲ˮɿգգɰСȾƯǳɫ
ÿҪըѿ

ݬBɿջ֣һ΢΢˵ľ롣
üۼ¶ЩգԼʧ̬

֪ĳԴףҲ¡

ݬBռڳ˵Ĳ̬֮ǰÿԲеķʽֹԼѰֻͨ£ȴ˲˵

ˡ
仰ڲֹ˵һΣԺҲί˵
˾Ȼ˵ֹݬBڵ֪ݬBķо֮ҲԲͬݬBһ顣

ľȴ˼ı仯
ͻȻһ£߽һѹ͵ֻ˲õߣʣǰû֮󣬾ʲô£

÷СĴѲţ۽ȴƳݬBȥ΢΢żսƴС͸죬ơ

ݽ𣿣
÷ͫ𾪲ѣߵòٿ

ݬBĬ£ʣԸ𣿡
ô欺òȶȵٶ

ݬBԽǻرǰ⣬ԽÿɣȴҲ֪¼ãʱ˵ҲǺʵ̸ص㣬첻׷ʡ

ֻǡ
欴ɫ΢ʶС

ݬBףȻõģΪ˺ӣֻܲ
ͻȻʧأ
欲

Ȼ˹ˣӦǼþδأѰˣݽ˵ǵˡ

÷ʹˣ欲˼˵ֻ˶ţ汿ղҲ˵ú𣿡
䣬ŤͷߣԭصݬB

÷СʣղſɴӦݽˣ
ֱӽݽˣӦǴӦ˰ɣ
̲סЦ㹫ӦˣүͻҲһӦ

˵ĶԻպͮͮģϸ˵úһӦһ
÷һЦܸӣٶʡ

-

ͶڽйӾǵҪ·̣δ۱ɼйԱ̡

һ·ϣٱڶ࣬Ƿ࣬˴磬δǰ¶ˣǳƲδǰ
ԭҲȥϾΪ֪ˣ̫ҽΪʱһ±סֻա

ҵǣȻУżͷ⣬ûϲ֢״
Ϊ˽ʡ·̣˻ϼڻӹŮɴ⣬йԱ
欿˵һ·ûãʱʱÿ⿴

ݬB˵£˲֪ۼһѾڣϻһԾԾԵģĵ˲ص߼һְ

Դ˴й·ϣʼո幫ԡ
ÿμÿһĵɨԼ磬ƴ۹ް㣬˶ƮƮȻġ

欵ȷ˵÷ǳˡ
˵Ըܳɣ˼ֻҪͬ⣬ȻҲԸġ

ǻһأĲù¹պ欺λн̽ɡ

˵Ǹֻ̽ǺԺޣƷС٣޷ִϯƫƫصؽϣһֵ£ӽá

ΪҪӽãǿ϶¹˼
̫ŮĻȻҪ᯼˶ϲУֻҪһأô̫ǹرࡣ

ݬBԽԽζкٰ࣬ζͷ

й·˶ӣδ£ݬBĵûˬĿбӵĿǰЦһ

ݬBʱ֪¹ɫֹһˣ˴й֮ã֪˶ٰţ͵űСֶŮһ

ȻƳ۳⣬ڸߴϣˣ֪ʵЦ֪֪ڿʲô

欷ӣЩ˵ûʲôֻٳǣЩ档

¿΢΢ĶЦζѵ֪֪ڿݽ𣿡

Ϸ𵭵̺졣
֪֪̿Ƕݽ⣬ֱӸ˵취ȫǵġ
¡
δǰ¿ۼжݬBȫû뵽¾Ȼԡ

֪ʲôЦһЦ֪֪࣬Ҫһϲ㣬պҲϲģȴһûмһãã˺֮Ҿ˷֮󣬻á

Ҳ뷽跨ҪѰ֪֪ȴ߱ϱϢ
ݬBأݬBȴ֪֪Сʱ򣬾գȻ˵ͽʱǸ֪֪ߡ

Եʵ̫ѵãҪ˵֮ϣ¶š
Ȼ֮ϣôΪβһأ

ɬƬ̣С˵ôΪ𣿿ǣĸԲϲ

²ΪЦЦΣģҪһҲ㣬ֻҪϲˡ

²ͨĴҹ㣬νĸĸ֮ý֮ԡң֪֪ѪԵϵǵ״ûչ˹

ҪǴż˵ɣ˵Ϊãȴ뷨ӲҪ벻ϲ˳ףǲǴġ

欿ĵ׷ʹһϸϸů㣬ǸܺáᡢˣҾãҲĶˡ

±ֳݵСţŵԴʣ̲סЦҲ䲻ϵģǾ֪֪֪҆¼ҵļѵʲô

ãȻҡͷ
ȱġ
欱ˬʵЦıȾ̲סЦ

԰Ҫ̫ģĸıҲȱģίԼҪôϲ񣬾ͽŬ㣬ùĸ࿴á

Ҳֻ֪ҪٸݬBһʱ䣬¹밢ֺܿͻĹۣϧĺӲϸ׵ʱ䡣

й·;ңԶûκκϲ֢״ʱɱֱ裬θ﷭ˮ

ȺòйѾģݬBľҪʧ̬˴ᱧ𣬺޲Խһ·йŴ

ŵҡͷƴʾ侲赣ģҲ޴󰭡

ڴ˴磬׼ͬС
˹;ӲʣصĶ׼ڱԺеŮʱ¹ͬвʲô¡

ټϣ׸ҲڣβʣҲֲݬB
ǱԱȥġ

֪УֻΪǵ۳Ͷ٣͵ΪŵıԷ֮뿪ͳְйΧ뾯䡣

йƫƧΧֹ̣ۺڴˣڻӹڣͳǴʮ־񣬽䱸ɭϡ

׼ȫйţǰһգ½ƽɳ¡





61.  ѧ׷   ͻ顾˫һ

ʮһ

ٹһձ, йһƬæµ

˴˷羰֮⣬оûеȪԡأˬĺʱ, һȪһĺҶ, ʫ黭⣬欲֪жڴ

ᣬ¼й, û뵽һйͲƻȫҡ

СʱݬB֮ûԶ, ѾߣȴҲݬBԺһѾ, ûֻͱüΪһ۳Ͷ, նɢɢ, ᲻

Һھ͸ߣȫտ

ۺӹǵԺ⵽崺Ľ˵䱸ɭϷõˮ©, ½ƽݬBͬйˣӲʣֻܴڱԷĶҲȥˣԸݬB

ҲϽأ룬ݣбڱԷĹ, ½ƽͫ˸ŽЦ⡣

½ƽ£ֻ欵Ѿ߼ڣЦеĵͷ񿪿ڣ˵ȢãҲ˴½˽ȥΪ˸뷨ӡ

½ƽ̾һΣҪǲϽ裬ҲûϵȢҲҡ

ͷǴĽͽݬB欵Ϊ˱ӣһԽôֻܹԹԷ⣬ȫ֪Լĺֵͷ۸ļ⡣

ʲôһʼΪ½ƽ˵Ц欲԰׵СȾ糺죬Ųŷ˵ġ
ȫû뵽ݬB¶½ƽ˵ֱ߾޵ݡ
½ƽȻЦ˳˽ˡ

½ƽݬBȥ欵ʣݬB
£źۼɨ÷ڻص޼䣬ѾǶ¡
ֻʣǽöˣڲֵ˵ӵˣ

ҡͷ뵽һݬB˵ҪȢԼٴҸĸо

ЩȻ׹ԼǰȷʵݬB
ЩǸΣô˵㻹ڹʱ˵Ȣ㣬Ҳġ

欵Ц˵ʱҶüٵġ
Ͼ⣬ǰҲû˵ҪȢ

ֱݬBԲգ欲Žˡ
ݬB˵ûյĻûյ£ȢһδǰҲ˵ڡ
ٵϣʧǲһʼͲ˵

ˡ
ΪԼǰ㹻˽ݬBֱػһŷʵڽԼص̫ʶһ档

ڼɫǲã԰һǰͱõİ̥ҩ
欺ҩûã˯˹ȥһ˯üʱɫѰڡ

ȻƽʱȥֵģȴǷǳĵĸԺѧϰҽ˸֮磬ҽ߳ҩ׼
Ըо࣬žҲ˲١

欸ʴݽûͱһԵڸ
ʧЦؿڣôûطЪϢ
Ц£û˵
欺ܿͷĿ˸ɫŹ֡
ںһ϶زס£ղһЦرǿۿ΢΢죬ǿ޹

ͷһ£Īһɲ뷳֮С
һûûεģֹۿʵĺܣʶô꣬欴ûޡ

뿪ڷ£ͷĴ÷봺ڶŽһ˶ˮ׼źϴһ˶Ÿհõļ

⼦۵֪欲֮ص취ѰɽҰն˰ʱ˲μֹ磬ζʴ|ۣƷŨζ

˯ôãӦˣʱŻЩʱ䣬ϴȽһѼˡ÷Ц˵

欼÷ɫ糣ʱѹǹɹСϴϣҲȵò֮󣬲үڴ˵

ˣôڲ˵ӹĸɾӣһᰴǣ˹Ĳãһü

֮û뿪˹Ȼڴǰѹ

ߵԲߣ˱裬ŴһҩȡСƿӴƿﵹһҩ衣
뵽ʲôֽҩˣֻ˱

欹ŹֵĿһۣǹɲôһ겻ģ˯ʱʲô£
£룬ð˹֮ˣԺ֮⣬Ӧþֻаˣѵǰֳʲô£

˹껹ڴţױ̨ǰ򵥵˫ƽټɡ

ԭ欷İ裬Ųܲסȴܿ뵽İ֮˳Բãֽҩˡ

欣ڷ欳ţ׼ǰʱȻڣҪǵšʡԺӶ֣۴ʲôҪԼΪء

Ŀһۡ
ѵĳˣĸˣ
ĸӲãòֻʮ꣬ϴ뿪᯸֮޵İʾʱĻظ࿴ĸף·ĸǰ㡣
ĺȻе㼱ԾӿŲ

˹긺ֶԭף͸΢ҹգ죬ת
Ц⣺֪֪ˣʱӹ˵ǲʣΣɻܣ
һлҳ

欿ž˾ˣʱЩȷˡ
£˾ֱ룬Ƶ˵ģ£ΪҪ˵Щ

üҩ֮Ѿˬ࣬ʱʲôҪŮ˵

˹΢΢Ц£źūȫ£ֻʣˣɫ
ټıԷϢʱ欲һЩ΢ҵĽŲԾ䣬ϸ

ЩŲƺǴӱԷ⴫ġ
ڱԷĳ˽ǽѵأ뻮һƽʱͷʱ˵Ҳޡ
̫ˡ
ĪĲٴӿͷ欵һֱͣ

֪֪Ϣø㣬һһĸ
׷£ҡ欱ͽţ˹Ļһģһֱ
˹ǰԴв
ĸôˣһץס˾˵֣æ׷ʡ

˹ܺãģҲҪ㣬ֻ׼
ãȻʲô׼

˹꾲Ƭ̣ӽʱм̿ǱйͼԼλӲ
次ˢվץ˹ָۡ

˹ͳᣬͷůܰģû£֪֪ĪţλӴƽ£Ψ̫ӡӼ߻˵ˣЩ̿ݽԪǵȫƷйһаȫ֪֪Ī¡

ЦݽҲȼйĹϵûͬ⣬ѾӦؾ֮󣬾Ϊָ顣

Ц
˾˸ո˵ˣϢϢ˵ˣһǻϢˡ
ΪͻȻָͬ飿ֻǾȼйͬͻôܣô򵥡
欲ϸ룬ʶӱܡ

ɫ԰ףƿ˹꣺ݬBģҪȥ
˹ȴ΢Цΰλϣ֪֪԰꣬ݽ߻ӵıԺҲǣʱȥ

ҲҪ£Ȼ³ô£һʱ磬Ҳ˵
䵽ʱϯϢܲסȥñ¶һ£ڱ׼

й֮ͲˣһֱտͻȻϯϻȥ۶ǿӲָԺн֣ʱһ£ס

ȷйѲߵõˮ©ȻйȪԡȻӿȪȻ䱸ɭȻȴһǿɽġ
ɽƶͣ˭Ҳû뵽̿ͻ

˹Ȼ欣˵ЩֻѰ̿ͣʵȴˣȫѵصʿֲҲл֣ʵȴ½ƽ

ʱ½ƽȪˮһͺҶһݬB̸£һȺʿͻȻӵݬB˽ȪˮټѲ½ƽڽϵǰС

ò˵´ɱ֮ˣֹ󵨣Ҳĺ
Щʿۼ޷֣ԥҧԾݬBۼֿ죬ֱжһʿ°ͣ޶֤ѲĻ֮ˡ
ǵֹ֣ܳ½ƽһȥݬBӣ¼Ҳ޿Ļӡ

ݬB˵Σ𣿡ǿԼ侲ȴ顣
˹ؾݽ˵ãе̫ҽҽԺж߻ӵıԺ϶򣬶Ȼ¡

һֱֱ³
ﲻȻʳǣʲôûУҪˣ̫ҽȫȥкã

ҲģҪȥ
У˹û뵽欻˼֣һ̾ٵȵȣԪǹٺһȥ

ʿʱ½ƽ޴ݬBҲ޷ȫˣù½ƽʱֻܲһ
սϵÿһһԡѪɱС

˹һֹ欣ȫгʵΪݬB˵̫أ½ƽıԺȫŨŨѪζȥ
Ѫˮһһˣһȥס

뿪ǰֹԺɫأ̫ҽҲ׷ҡͷҪŭ˵ҪǾȲݬBǾ׼ᣬѷ

˹ɫ΢侲ؽûյݬBҴ߻ӱԺ뿪ʱϻڷҪֳҲԪǣشΨһʿʳĻָʹߣͽͳ͵Ŷٰվߡ

ǰô©߻ӻЩûҲմŭ

ֳҲܳ£ǰһڣ·綼תֻ䶼죬ֻѪӿ˵ܡ

˹꿴һۣʾǰ次
վ֪֪ף׽

ȻҲңױüʱ֪ϢʱѾ侲ࡣ
۵ס欣ҪҪţģȻǴ̿Ѿ䵽УȻа취ʳҪĴ𰸣㰢ֺģöġ

ȴ£йΣ߶ǸػأͣйѲţѰ©֮㡣

¹Ϊ½ƽϵĸף½ƽһ£ȻҲϵıԺġ
ŻϴӦݬBʧȥʶǰ󣬾һؾΪ幫ָ飬¾ͳԡ

½ƽֻˣ¹ʱѰϣ¹ԣ̵ĸΪηԣѵ֪𣿡

½ƽ¹ǰТ˳ɣδйκβͻȻڣԲãҴŨŨŭ⣬¹ɵһ㶡

Ǻʱˣ

Χ̫ҽҽˮĹ̫࣬ʵڲ˵ĵط½ƽ㵽ΪֹԸ˵ȴԴŭ

۶ݬB֮£Ǳ¹٣ݬBǰԸԽλҲҪ欵ʱ֪Ĳࡣ

ֻǸŮ˭ʵûô⣬ֻ֮ǰ¹ԣֱӳȫ

ݬB½ƽ鷿ڣҲԶݬB⣬ʵ벻Լʲôɾܾ

¹ɫصĽӼͳߣȻҪ˵Ҫ£ȥֻת뿪ڼݱԷ
һԷŷԼĴȻҲڡ

¹ݵҪһͷΡ
ڼ˹æ˷ס

¹ɫ԰׵ü֪֪ôôջδãֹˣˡ
ŭĿһۣ漴֣ȥ߻ӱԺһλ̫ҽ
òףֵ̫ҽ

̫ҽΪԺ֮һֹƽʱΪ¹ƽ̫ҽóƣΪϸģʮֿɿ





62.  ѧ׷   ſ˫ϡ

ʮ

˹ֹ̺
¹ɫ΢䣺ֳǺ⣿
˹΢΢Ц, ʾҡ
ʣ̫ҽɻҪ룿

¹Ҳϴ, ñѣҲǵǸŮ
˹ֳ, ȻԴΪ֮һֱʮֹؾ֮, ٶڳֳļӡ
ȴֹȻйŹ֡

¹˹Ƭ̣ҡͷ, ʱã, ү
һڹ븣Ӧǣ¡

ңֻʣ, ¹Ż˹ǰ, ΢΢һۣôһ£

˹꽫欰û˵

ôأ˻ܲס
¹ɵĿֳһۡ

¹˹귽֪֪У¡
˵ʲô¹ͫ, İ
첽ǰŵס֣㡢ˣ˭˭ô󵨡
¹ܿ

ϻǰݬBߵͨݬB⣬ĺӻ˭أ
¹ɵһѣ
۽ֿס

ûСûкȱ𣿡¹֮, ӣǽ̺棬ôܲͱ
ҪǣһҲϲ񰡣
һֻɱ˵çôǵ֪֪

˹Լ͡

¹Ȼ
ݬBǷ𣿵ʱ欲ǸѾߣǸѾߣôܣôܲȱ
ֹˣԼñӵҪ𣿣

¹оκˣǡô֪֪ɫôô£֪֪ӳʲô⣿Ǻʲô⣿

˹̾һĿ΢֪֪ްҲܺãֻڻ̣ˡ

¹һĬڣ񣬵ʱ׹
֪֪Ѿ֪ݬBһ¡
¹𷽲½ƽԺ龰Դһѣ
ղżλ̫ҽӶΡΡأ˵ݽ̫أڵϦֻ췦Ҫ׼
֪֪Ҫǵõ֪£γܵס

¹ɫ䣬΢Ц֪֪ĪҪڵģ߸粻ˣڴ󰭡
½ƽͼ¹£½ƽ̣¹ȻȥıԺ
ʵĸǸմ߸ԺݬBΣңȥ

¹ֱ֣ģ֪֪ݽ޴󰭣ֻǻأŻʦڣصġ

欳ĬĿмΪ˶ݬB޴󰭣ȴÿ˶ֹǰȥ̽
һҲֹۡ

¹ۿжݬBĵǺǣܡ
𲻾ǰ½ƽĻ¹˿Щȷʣ֪֪֪ϴӦݽͻһ£

¹ת˵ݽʱѪ̧½ƽԺʱѾǲ壬ȴͣظ½ƽ˵Ҫˣͻ飬Ȣ幫

˻جج֪Լܻܲȴֻ¡ֱˣ׿ŵǿŲס

欵ͷ֪֪¹ݬBгɼ̽ŵĸ欶Ըģ𡭡

¹̾
֪֪ŵã֪֪Уôˡ

ģ¹ЦΣ֮ǰţΪңϧײٹԶʵک

ǡҲҡ欼æ˵꣬ź֪غ˫΢죬ʱ˽Գӣҹ棬ūһ̱УŲòҰͷ

¹ݬBĳɼδͷң֪Ҿ欱ˣʱƿ
ô˵ݬBڻ֪֮ǰΪٹ򸾷

¹н꣬ΪȨƲϧһΪȨƷˡѽáģȴټΪһԼԶū澣ȨƵˡ

ʱ欲Ǹ޸ĸū澣ݬBȴǸ´󹦣޵Ĺӡ֮ȴ⡣

¹뿪Էãٴλص½ƽԺ
ݬBȻסˣȴֹ̫ۣҹ˸ա
Ѿпӱ޻ؾõõġòҩģ취̵ʱȫ

﹬ھУȻȴ£λˣϯղɣЩء

ݬBһ֪˲ֹ࣬欱õˮ©ƽҲ֪顣
ݬBûгϯϯƽܿǰŭ֮ɫݬBأ幫֮ǰϳòҲϯ˰ɣ

ݬB欵ǽ˹ġ

欼ݬBķҵúܣƽûʲôģĻڣʧЦʣΣ

ƽԣзŭҪڣƮƮݬBҵˣĴţҪĴţ𰸣֪ƽ⣿

ƽȻѰŮɻҪ󵨣ʱⷬ಻ɵǺ㡢㡢һδĹôô˵ֱֻ֪ߩ

欲ΪȻشϣΣѲΪĹһŮѵŮ룿

Ը⣬ڻǰռ׶⡣ЦЦĿƽ

ϲѹˣƽһ١ٶ鷳ʵڷ˵ĺܣǰֻǲϲ£ȴʾԼ˹ۡ

ƽ˵û뵽Цٸ߹Ѳɻ߹ùĹƽŴԼ빫ȣҪǴʶУҪ뽭϶

˵ú϶˵ǻɽ췴֮ģԼŮ빫Ტۡ

ƽµ˵ֻܷߺ޷ȥ
ɫϯ

ʿдһ֮פйľѾ˹йΧӪפر

չȥûյκйݬBѵϢеĿ־ߵ㣬޷͡
취ݬB

-

ݬBʧȥʶ֮󣬾Ρ
ǸΣСʱܳ

ĵﶼᣬ游Ҳһ֮ϣ֮µةˡ
֣ܿӵԺյļƱ۳ĹӣСܼϧػ˵֮಻Ϊ

ǢܣûãܿСٹã㲻ǹӣҪˡ

ĸΪƽŮţ׾ͽõͳǸ׼Ĵҹ㣬ֹׯ󷽣̸µ塣
СϤĽ̵ȻϸȴҲİ

ҸﳤĺӣȴûΪ簮״ӱˣ֪񣬽жȡ
Լãֻпڴÿ춼ó

ûЩµ£ûȥûκεʹ࣬ƽĵã˳۵Ĺӣһ˺ڵš

ʲôУ̫ã̫ʵÿһֻҪεΣ᲻
Ҳˡ
ѡ
Զﻹôһ顣

εʱҲ𽥳ˣʮ̽ν֣֪ջٻɰ

κ֣İΪ¼ҶӣݬB죬û棬ȴǶĪĵ⡣

ֱ꣬ڽٴ¶żһ˫ЦţĿ⾧СݬBγѡ

СݾޣСɵıǼ΢̣꣬һϮɫȹĵ׵ļ֬ͷż򵥵˫ƽ٣δʩ죬ȴȻĶ

͸¶ԣ糤̵ģֲʧִ磬ЦݸɾɤҲŴŴģ˲һЦ

ݬBȴȫЦǵظ¶ͷܵ۵üֽŷ䡣

֪˭ȴĪһ֡
ǰ欶
ŮĿİҷߵĶ㵽¶ź촽С죺磬˭ʶ𣿡

˫ڰ׷ȴĮӽţݬBûѪҺ·ڵ̳ɱ
ǱӲıһ飬۵͡

欶оԼʶܾˣ֣ץסںڼе֣次
Ůİ⣬𽥸־塣
ԭء

ڰ룬տ𽥱صĺڰȡлһۡ

ĪĻص˷Է
ԺվˣİĴʹӣƽԺյ硣

ֿǸŮ
欶
һȺΧסŸ첲ȴãһ·ǿϵߡ

ſعһ޷Ŀ־ĵȫ볯ȥֹЩˣȴá

ſſſſԼɤӸɬȫǾ˻Ƶò

۾ɬʹһѪӿϿڱǣ᲻Ѫ½ϡ
ȫһۡ
ʱܶ˹ȥһԾ£ˮ
ˮ̹ǣȫȴлգϵ³ȥͬʱڱ

Ϣнûʶ뽥Զȴûκıۡ

ݬB
ǰСȴͻȻڽ
ݬB

ˮĹϵģ壬Զ
ĵȻӿһǿҵͷ
ۣﻹû־塣

ǿҵʧظϮͷƮĽк

ۣûˮԸԳۣѹ
ʵУڿԼ
С˫Ưͮͮģᡣ
˾ۡ

ޡþĨȥᡣ

Цˮͬʱߵӣһһ䵽ϡ
һ绨촽ͬʱֱָ
ִֺʵָ޳Ưǽڷ

ݬBģߣͷվֿĵزԼ֡

ģùԡùԣÿɰ
ûκε־壬ֻʧõϲҸ
վͺ촽һ
Ҳ𽥱Ҹ۰Χ

ߺܶ˵̫ҴæĽŲ
ʶģģ±ۣȴоֱϵԽԽࡣ
ֱҪ

ݬBƣˣȴֳۣĿﺬЦޡ

ⶼˣֹ¹ڣ˾ˡֺ½ƽ̫ҽڣҲǰʧ̬ȴҲƲס
ʵ̫»ʧȥ

રµ
ܿûղŴӹŹǰϻˣȡЦԼСް

½ƽǳӵЦ
款Լлգбѱϲûץֲš

ͷͨ˵ϼݵ¹Ųòǰ欵ļ磬˴

ݬBǵԼΪλԲѣϻйɵЩ졣

ۼݬBѣȻ鼫ãǷǳ̫ҽǽʾ֭ԼҹҽΡ

⵽Ҫ鹦ݬBԼʱȻԹѵڣʱҪ½ƽأȴûб˼ֻ¾˽Żر֡

ʹһҽ֮󣬾ͽˣֻӼҸŮˣ欵ˡ

뿪ڼݬB䣬û뵽˵Ȣ幫Ըϳȫ

ݬB⼸գǱ˲Qӵ׿ӯʧѪ̫࣬ɫǲ԰׵ˣ˵ڵҲֻǣȴȻ෴ʮּᶨ

ڵ˽һ㵡
۵׻ᣬǴ㵵ĿݬBѩȾһ糺죬Σߺصһۡ

۵ǺܿЦݰʧȥʶǰ˵֮󣬾Ȼ仰
û뵽Գִš

ݬBĳ΢|幫ѾãԸϳȫ

ۿЦãεȫȫݰ뾡볤ֳףй͵úú

ζĿ欣ЦеĿݬBǶҲߴٹӦ֮ǰã׵ӡ

΢ü˼Ҫ߻ӴĻ¾͵һ㣬࿴ĺӣҲꡣ

¹
꣬굽ʱ֪֪ˣǺã

½ƽȻڣĻҲһҪȳҲǲɡ
¹ؿһۣͷͣϣԼǣ檿׵ԽԽá

ۺЦĿ¹Ҳǿף࿴ĺӣԭµʮһʮߣٽ¸µĶʮţеڲִ١

¹ΪȻЦ֮ǰ䣬׼ʱȻ񲿲Ҳǽһж׼üΪ׵񲿿ܸɵĺܣһµʱ䣬ִˣ

½ƽ죬Ц룬Ҫ¹ЩҪЅȺϳһ仹ڻҪһ飿

۸Ȼ˼¹ĻǷС

˹ǰֵæԸ˽ʱȫЭ
ǰЭ񲿡

ݬBӸͣɵƤһۡ
ע⵽Ŀ⣬Ҳ˸Ŀ

۰ؿǡ
欵û°ߣôĻ¾͸᯼ȫȨҶ׮֧̬ͬȣҲòִ٣ôʲôģ

Ҫ׼ͬ⣬û뵽¹ҲЭ񲿡
ôһһݬB
εĿ¹һۣˣǾͶ¸¶ʮţֻݰӡ

ݬBԭѾ˯۵Ļǿԣսɳϰ߸ִССˣܹˣʱҲһ¾ӣо̣һʣϷġ

ۣˣݬBǶ
˰ѳ˵øսһ

½ƽûסЦ

欵ѾΪ˵Ȳߵ޵ݡ
Ժûˣ
ݬBĴôôպãһξ˺ӣ





63.  ѧ׷   õ˼ʧȥ

ʮ

۲һֱй, ݬBƽ֮󣬺ܿˣԸȥ, ׼̻ؾ

·жڣȥж, 欼ݬBδþ͵ûؾæʣλؾ

ҪЦЦĿһۣôͺˣ
æͷ, ׾С΢졣
۾£ɣ˵һ, ݬB֪Ƣԣ̵޴, һӻϾ

ĵ˵ͷ¹뿪

ԺǰĿ⸴ӵĿݬB, ݽһܴ, ǻ٢죬պ󡭡
ݬBΪЦ£Ƶ᣺޷᲻ս, ᵶǹǿԵģӡ

ԺпĬ

ݬB˵ɣսʹòǹһˣʱøѪ˼򵥡
Ϊ, ݸʮǰ£Ժ
ûеǼ£ݬBսԼѪ¹ͣͶ;ڳһչ

Ժһ̾ٶ˵Ը˽õҩ֮󣬴ȥ

ӴʱǰݬBǰ
뿪󣬾ֻصԣֳʶſֵȫȻһ̬

ݬBŵԼǰӰ΢΢㵵ͬʱЦ
ı̫ɰ̫ɰˡ
ôôãôɰأ

û˷֣˴ʱЦ⣬жôᡢô|ȡôˣͬʱǼơ

£ЦĿãЩΣ֪֪
һ£ڼǰ֪

֮ǰݬBԲʱ款֪˾˺͹ĸƭݬB϶˵úء
ֻܵû˵ϢΪ˼ݬBΪϴͻּ֮󷴶ԣѽԼһȫг

֪ϿΪᣬʵ϶ȴǼáᡢĵģֻҪڣֿ϶վԼߡ

ǰ֪Լ֮ƺݬBΪ½⡣
Ȼ취Ȱ˾˾˺͹ĸ˳ݬBԣÿοݬB񶼼Ϊ䡣

ݬBһ־ҪˣǽǺ¡
֣Ÿʲô˺֮˵Ҳ١

ӾĬֻл
ġ

½ƽЦŵͷ͵ĿӣָʹȻ˽˴©ңʿڣͳͷ

΢΢ף߻Լǣлݽ֮

ŷԼ˰ֶ֣ԲҡҸղֻǡֻǡ

ӱûüϹһĨǳЦ񶼻δţôСԺԵ

⻹ͷһôֱ׵ĵ٩欲ɵһ㶣նѸٵպ
ʲôʲôš
ֱҪˣֵ˵ʲô

ӿɬãȫЦղŻϲ˵ˣй֮Ҫסģǳ֮ҪţѲɡ
£ݬBԵľζݽ֪֪͵ĳһŹҪԸסٹ

欻ݬBͨʱݬBжԵӿȫݬBѧôߣ̬ȡ

¼ٹԸ޽˲ˣ˶˵ٹֵٹǸĺԪ޸ȲйǸˡ

䲻ʮǰٹ£ڳĴȴúܡ

ݬBģβ֪ڸҪ׵֪ٲǰǸ޿СѾߡ
ԸίԼЩҲ۸ܵί

ݬB»ֻתͷ΢΢һЦ⣺赣ģ빫֮ȻҪסܵί

ֽеÿ˳
û뵽Լֻ̽ڷ磬ݬBȻôƤ˳˶ϣֱӺ֣ǹҪռһ

üȻޱ飬ߵݽԣ빫δף

Ҳû뵽ݬBȻôˣͺ֣Ȼ̣ߵĺβбؿһ¡

û뵽ݬBպҲڿΪĳЦ¡
۽üҶ͸ᣬĳ밮⣬ǼܽС
ɵÿ˰ģɬҧס´ŭƲͷ

½ƽ˹⧲һǣеһѾ˶ԿһۣȻϢȥ

ӻҲԼûסݬB֣ûһҲˡ

÷˴ʱ֪ϻؾҪ﹫ݬBָ飬ݽĻ֮ȫ̲ס͵Цҩ֮󣬼ɫȥ

תۼ䣬ھֻʣݬB

ݬBʵۣ˯⼸ǸΣʵ̫¡

ǸΣΪʵͺôһԭΪǸΣû뵽εĴۣҲϵԼ

İ¡
εģʹ͡
ǸʲôΣµجʡ

ݬBۣôĿµıӰ
ΪԼ߷ĲðΣǹĿ־ɢ
ˣ˽

һʣ͵ܿ͵һˮ齱߰ļͷ˷֮
һˮ

ݬBǼеζɫ΢΢һ
ϣôһ߱ιˮһ߿΢ĿȫҸЦ⡣

欱ε񿴵úɬرۣԺ£ԼΪô

ݬB¡
Ĺ뺦֮⣬·˱۹һÿҪˡ

ˮҲߴֶҩһһڵι

ݬBЩŵĿüСԼΣµһֻİԼ
غ˼ҩ̲֮סС̽Ժ󡭡ܽ欶𣿡

ԺȻûȴָ֪ǳԺ
輵˳ָ΢٣Ϻòͣ⣬ٴһӿϡ
ĪϲȴҲĪۡ
ϲݬBʱô΢ôСȴǰһԵ
ͲŵӦԥƬ̣˵˾Ϳԡ

˵˵ȥڹûкúñԼ
ݬBεЦԼбҪúý͡

ҲϧԼǳᣬһһ䣬ģʱҪûˣһֹҵҲõͷʱңܲ

ˣһ̨ǽƣĪеʱ¼ҵĹϵ㣬ݬBɫ΢䣬㻹壬ֻ׸

һ㣬ܵԹ檣һ㣬̻֮أǱ޳֮ͽǿȡΪңһӼù⣬Ū

ɫɷף𽥸ֿ־֮⡣
ݬBһ̧ۣ֣΢ָḧ԰׵գͺ壺£ֻҪһڣ㶨Ȼ

ۿʪ
׹ǲϧԼΪ˻ȫŻ˷ܲಫ
ԽԼڶ⣬ȴκ֡

ۿݬBаûڡ
ʵһҲ֪Щ£ȴԼ˵ӡ
ǰһܾίҲ
ȻѾڣ˻Ǿе֮ǰһһζĽԼ֮£Ӵκζ

е輵У֭
ҩõһ԰Щҵ˱ס

𣬿ݬB׻ˣͶͱôֲ㣬ɵҧʹƺһ
ۣȴҲۣõ˼ʧȥǡ

ݬBʹƺʱֻҵȴ˴ΰס԰׵СذҼϡ
ۣұһ£òãΪԼҲ㡣

£ʶҪȴȫԼ
еĿ־𽥱˿˿ȡɬĴ˵ͷ

ݬBСͮͮĶһƬ̲סͷñǼСɿɰĶ䣬ĵЦ

С￹֮ǰ˵һ֣֮ҪĲֹҪһٽ

̫ʵ߻ӲǲŸձϻôͻȻҪˣҪҿ̨

ݬBעɹıתƵطɵ̿
ôôɰء

ݬBЦĽͣϻ֮󣬲ֹΪʵǿĸңʹͣ͵ĹλǰָѾȫڴκһλӣ̫֮ϣڻǴ̫ӸԴС

̫Ҳڴ˴дˡ
ݬB͵͵Щĵʣ̫⣬λˣ
ӡ

ΪӣȻңȴҲھռһϯ֮أС
ĶȻǾѡͼҼĶͳͻұ˴˲ɡ

ݬBЦ
嶾ֶΣϤ

ѹ˿ڣһֱֱűҶ
ȫҩζЩѪζϢİ˺¡

欻ǵǰգڴϣʹšüģ
ķŸգˣ̫ҽΪҩҩ˿ʱûʶȴ΢š
֪жۡ

˾ݵ˲٣Ŀ˿˿ԴѲ˲䣬Ȱҩꡣ
ÿС
̫ˣǹͷⶼˣһС

ݬBεİס֣ͷϣ֮ǰЩ
欵ɴۣһ߳ŭζ̧ͷ˵ôأ㡭
ܿ˵

ŵЦԼģʵ̫ˡ
΢΢ķȫǳЦ⣬Ҫγˮ
ʲôû˵ʲôûȴ˹ͷҪˡ

أģֱȵСӻҪÿ
ԣСҲ
ô˲ʱڣῴÿĽŲۡ

΢΢ƿʹӺߴҩ꣬˾Ϳˣ
ݬBɫ΢ٶ󷽷ɿ

欶ҩһһڵι
òҩڼףݬBȴüҩ֮󣬹Ȼܿࡣ
˿۽Сߵ˵ҩ˻ܿࡣ
ǾƯСǣȴ̣ҲŴŴģֻ᲻˵ۡ

ݬBЦԹһһιǱһ»Ҫࡣ

ڹ
欲ŵ̧ͷЦ⣬ŷԼֱˡ
ˣȻ߻ôߣ

ݽ潿ͷô÷ȡȴŸתֱݬBػС

欵سҩĻͬʱٴʹƺ
ݬBвҲòᣡ˵ôأͻûã֪ʹȻ
ݬB˿Ҫѿģ̲סŭ

ɺ󻳱ˣȴǵͷĽԴľѣұһ£ͲҲʹˡ

㵱ʲô𣿣
Ｋˣĵȴ˿˿⡣

ԼӦǱݬBӰˣôĻȻĪϲ

-

ݬBȻﲻؾ·½ƽͬһ

欽Ҫ뿪ǰͷ½ƽҪź߸羡ʹϱǡ

½ƽȻ˵ʲô
ݬBСˣҪ˭

ݬBȴˣ͵͵ЦͳɤŹӣֳƻ󣺡֪ˣù澽ġ

½ƽһȻĿ欣Ŷδ׾ͽ˿ôˣôԴף

ûסһЦ˳
æס죬¡
÷봺½ƽߵСˣȫͷЦ

϶ż磬Цһ˵幫ģǼҽԼķԷҲȫֻСӣûѾܽ
ΨһܽѾߣҲ˹

ȫû뵽Լһ鳤欣һȻܳΪ幫
ѹֹҲҪߵ

ϵĻ޵ŶԹȻţݽ˽ԺãŮɫ
תͷ欣Ц֪֪ɷˣ

ûУ˵ҲŲǸ˼欶΢죬ӣβбؿݬBһ£סס߳ܣ˶ܿ
÷æ׷ȥ

ݬBŮ޵ıӰϲǳǳ΢ЦģĲЦ΢΢βżƽʱûеķ

½ƽһЦһҡͷϣݬBҪŮƼģ幫ҪԴˡ

ȥǰպ⻰ͷͣǰݽôһҡĿʵڲͷ¶档
ЦӦϣ

˾λڻ̡
½ƽݬBһ֮Ц׷ȥ

񣬴˴εĳһ㱨ģ
½ƽ￴ȻŵȴĴ֪ݬB֪ģҲ֪ᱻʿǵ۷Ի

ָʱ̫Ӷֵ׼û뵽μҾȻڻҲڵйĿŵĶ֣

ݬBĹϵصؽ½ƽֶǰݬBſֱҲһɵĿš

ݬBбϣʣʿйˣ





64.  ѧ׷   С˫һ

ʮ

½ƽ, ĬƬ̣ЩԳЦⲻ֪ʣ

ʿδйӾôյĸݬBл, ֻ»Ϊαƹæýͷö

˾ѶƹֶһһףӴ˸ֶα, ׺ݶҲ֪ʲôӣϸѵʿȻй

½ƽĿһ, Ī⡣
ݬB΢΢Ц£գ


й, ˻֮⣬˭Ҳ֪ĻָʹΪˡ½ƽ, ϱЩߺ޲ʣûκζ

ݬBƺһҲ⡣
½ƽ̧øǺ⣿ѵө
ԡ

½ƽݬBЦŴ, ϲ޲֮ɫ
ΧȻ, ʱڹ⣬账ݬBرҪ´Ӳͷ˵

ݬBΪ˾Щ, ׷дһȴ£½ƽ߲

·֮ҿҹ㣿ݬBʡ
˵£½ƽ⼸ѹĵĻ̡ڡش
Ц, ҧгݣûС

¹йػοдһҲߣȴûҹ˵£ڻǰ˵һ仰

˹꣬͸ݬBͬһˣԶеЦһ֪ʿйȴκαʾ˹κζ

Ӿ͸˵ˣԣһѵΪʵɱ飬ĹӥȮܶ۵Ĵʽκ

ҿ˵ǸСѾͷ⣬ûĻںݬBܵί

½ƽƽȴҲ֪СҴıֻװ£⼸ռֱҪը

ҪӪ½ƽڳеҲȫп¼ңҲıʿ׸δȣԸΪѵľֻݬBһˡ

½ƽ˵ݬBΪΣһƵᡢЦģ侲

ҡȣ˼ΣЩȷʣѵǺμң

侲ѲһжΪ˻ˮԵݣţ
ӦòܲŶԡ

½ƽ˺ð죬ûȵݬBش̧ͷһŷ֪ʱ˯˹ȥ
ӹŹһˣδ͵۳Ͷ٣ݬBӹӲҲסڡ

½ƽݬB԰׵ýӽ͸Ѫɫӣ°ͣ˼

-

ݬBθߴһ˫ȸֱֳ½ƽΪӹ񣬱ѰҪһЩҲСݬBȴɹڱơ

ȫˣ۵óŲס˯˹ȥԾȫ۵ܣüۼȫʹɫ

ݬBǱѵģѹʱڻǰУʱҹɫŨͷŴ꣬Ҳڸ·

ݬBԴЩԺͷҡҡλΣʱʱСðΣŸʱɳԣ£ʱˣϽ

йѣݬBŷϤ㡣
΢ϣ΢΢ͷŮ˯֮ײ
xǼ䣬·ﶼʧɫֻ
ڳ壬ͷֱۣſϡ
ְ˯ߡ

ݬB̲סЦԴ

ŮСӰ˳۽޸΢΢
Цʢů硣
Ҳװ˯ôĬĿ

Ŀȴȣ欰׾պ
ǳǳ糺ڵƻȻ£ԵʮƯ

ݬBͿڿʵԾػºᡣɫƴŮͷᰴסϸļͷ

ϵ¶͸Ѵ˹𽥼ӿ죬ܿأоսԼ
ȵıϢǰһһµƤϡ
΢ëҲ

ѡݬB򴽣Ц£Щεҡ˯

Ƥ˫Цſһ˫ģŵ⡣
ڸһ˵ã˵˰ɣǸ˾ӣ˯ԺҲ֮Σ

ŶһĮŮ˵ݽˣв㣬˵ʱֽ̱
½ƽǶݬBгɼ

ͣЪϢʱǰȥ欹ǡɱײʼղãֹ

ȻΪѵһȴɲݬBֹˣ˵λ¿̽ɡ
˵ƷãòӢȻȴʧѣͥ䵥Ҵ˴й·ϣ۳˵ǰ;޿
֮ܶﶼá

欻ͷһ˳ˣɵһһ㶵ġ

½ƽͼֵǽǣʱˣò֪ѾӦҪǳ׼ǰ˵ӡ

ΪβɣɫԷǳĮʥּδǰһδʥּˣʱı⣬Ҳɻˡ

С
½ƽȷˣλݬB

欼սţּݬB۽΢ת֮ɫ鲻ô˻̽һݬB
Ĺۣδѹ顣

ΣһطݬBбſ棬ϡ

û뵽ιˮʱãǹ߲ãݽȴҲû취ԼˮԼȡ
ȫǺε

£˵ʲôݬBѾЦӯӯؽӹв豭΢ЦףԼǣġ

½ƽĬҡȡ
欶ݬBģٽ˵ĸ飬ȴ·ɱҧ
ھǺڣǳڡ

Щͷ۵ߣСƽΪ磿
ݬBΣʵڲףӺζ

ƽݬBЦȻ˵ݽΪҶײٹΪ֮£ɵûУԼ
ס欵֣˵Խ˳պףԽſ⣬Ȼ꣬ͷҡ

½ƽͬĿݬBһۡ
ֵܣԹˣȫǵԼġ

ЦԷǵĿƽһʱ಻֪Ҫν͡

¹Ȼ欲̫Ůȴû˵֮ǰ֣ݬBĹҲܹݬBгɼ

ݬBֹɫ԰ֽϻŲĺ쳱Ȼڷա欷ż˯ʱһʹ͵ģﱾͲᣬί

򴽣½ƽ֪ݬB£ʱȫгݬBĹϵ಻ǲɡ

ݬBȴصѵǣϽڼȿ۰ɣ֮ĸǽж

΢΢£漴һŤͷٲ˵

Ҳ֮ٴλص齱ߣ뿪йǰԺȽ˱õҩι

ǵһһںȻ࣬ԥ£ҩյߣԼţһȹ⡣
Цţ¿ࡣ
׵ĵһۣҲ֪ǰ˭ںҩ̫ࡣ

ݬBЦƣĳ硣
źۼ̧ɨӣƫͷ½ƽǳʶȤıۼ£ջĿ⣬Ц
ݬB̧֣գڰ
Ͳˡ

˵͵Ƶģ|Ц⣬欶˲ͺ
ֲֻʣˣô˵ֻ

һƬ죬ߴĵһۣ˳ĺݺҧһڡ
ݬBɫ΢΢΢ߵܡ
Ͳʲô֮ˣҲڴ|֮ʲôԣʲô֮ﶼ˵
ϣȻᵥĻ֮⣬⻰ռȻը˪һƬߺ졣

欺ŭܾͿͰҩˣ
ݬBĴָ̺ĶٶЦ⣬ԹԵغҩ

½ƽû뵽ԼۣʲôˣȻܱһ빷
ͻȻޱ壬ǷߺĽ
˵ĶԻڵĺܡ

欲һֱ½ƽϣٴЪϢֻصԼϡ
δؾйзȴһؾǡ

ٹ֮ǰ۰˹٣й֮УȻ泤ͬУݳϯȴǸһھ

û뵽һ˻δļѾͻع

ٹ֪ڻй̣ﲻѣ𾪵ǣݬB߻ӣ´󹦣ȴʲôͶҪҪ幫Ըʶȥ

һʼΪڸЦٰ㲻ţû뵽һؾݬB˶δع̾˴ͻʥּ

һھͶ¸¶ʮţȻһҲݬBУִٳɻ顣

ٹ֮ǰΪݬB幫һְ۰չ٣αߺޣһҲҹūǰ¶ڴּ̫ǰˡ

ǣݬBôȥأΪһ١ٶԻǰ̣
ּ̫뿪֮ٹŭƽѪӿ³һѪ

ʱٹﶼڳٹѪһ
ǲ˼ʣѲɸѪˣ

ĸ׾ǳйﲻãݬB̰ͼٻΪ׷Ȩƣϧһؾûþλ乫

Ҳ벻׾ȻΪйѪ
ѵ׾йʲôܴ裿
ѵһֱģǰĸ׵ĶҲȫǼٵģ

ٹѪ£㱻һūʹӵæҵطһ
վԭأɫްĿ
һֱΪٹĸԸģĸԸôôܸǢþ۶ʲѡ

-

ݬB˵̫أϴعűٹ򵽻ȥ欲ˡ
½ƽҲġ
֮ǰݬBΪ˽ӽ欣ŵպ󶨻ᾡТҹޣмҲأعһ£ʹۡ

ݬBΪ½ƽûˣһؾǰϣݬBܼ߻Ӹˡ

۾ȤɵúЦʣݰôصˣٹ׶ӣ˾ǷСЩ
½ƽǵٹϴβ㽫

۲ΪȻЦǴǳǡòڹСͶݰ۰мӣ֪ˣȻۼˣزٹΪο

ɤת䣺йǺεҫ֮£ٹԼȻҲμˣʵ벻ݬBΪβܻع

ˣ½ƽ󣬾ʱݬBȴϣʱҳһš
üݰγԣ
ݬBʹһĺľϡ

գݬB΢΢ףҸ⣬幫޳ɣżҷź򡣡
½ƽвȻ
ݬBѵô˵ٹ

ɫۿɼ
ֻǸŮҲǹٹ˼ǾԼĶйί

䲻ãȴ侲ЦʣѾֹ֪ͨ
ݬBҡͷӦ֪

۵ĵͷٴ̽ûãȻյٹ´ͻʥּãѪϢ

д
ŭİ𣬵¾׼½ƽݬB߻Ӹˡ

ٹͻһ£ܿʹ˹꼰̫С

̫Ȼ޳ݬBףٹо͸Ӳˡ
ӸǼҵŮٹȻԼʲôòģ
̫Ϲֹ

һ£̫ȻѴӿе֪ȴٳٲҸĸͻһҲ˵

Ů¸¾Ҫף̫һʱȴһĸȻȴҲ벻ҷ˽á
幫¼ҵ᯸Ľףĸܿʹ幫ݽ׵Ϣ
ĸΣͲ²齡

ฮ֪ʱ欵¾סˣæʣûݬB£
˵ʵԸ档

ĸܲô̼Ҫ֪Ů˵ͨңܾܿʹһ̫ĲҲĲֻ취һǶá

欵֪ĸļ٣¾͸Ӹϻ᯸ֹ欸Żȥ˹ҲһͬС
û뵽һ˸ս᯸߻Ӹ˵ݬBǡ

ĸ˴£ʱڴźݬBģȻǩļū
ˣڽ֮󣬾ҡ

ؾѾʮգݬBΪܸ¸µ˳ףһϿ˵ʮϡ̫ҽʲôʲôúȵҩҩҲǰʱĹ࣬ɫԱ֮ǰࡣ

ˣ欼ˣܻǰôˣ

ݬBСģĶˣЦȾüңǣĻȡ

Ц⣬紺ˮ欵ģxǼͽϨĵ׵ŭͽʣΡ

ݬB΢΢Цţˡ
ͷһʶתֺ;˾ˡ
ȻӹһĨЦ񣬵𣿡
ݬBµĳӹ֣֡ų˹깰֣ࡣ

Ƥ̶ȵȷǱȳˡ
΢ۣǰҪǸƤЦ֪

ݬBüЦ󣺡˵üǣġ
ӾԼû취úø˵ˣ˵ȥҪ̲סε

˹굹ǵֻЦ˵ݽ·ϣӦȥȻ֪˵ʲôʲô

ݬB΢Цף֣µ˵ĳ֪үĪҪġ

Թۡ
֪ݬB˽թ黬ῴ²˵

Ǿ˾صؽݬBģ΢΢һ뵽ʲôЩŵĿ˹꣺˾˽Īǡ

˹ͷǣֻнǵ£밢ȫгһ£ܽ⿪Ľ⡣





65.  ѧ׷   ʱ˿̣

ʮ

ݬBϻһǳЦ, ׼ߵߣ˹ĻŲס, Цڴߣɴķд𾪡

Դһ˲Ŀհ, ЩǿѹĵĿ־뺦£ȿֺӿ˳

˹ԭ˵۽Ƴʲô, ͫһ
欲˾Ŀ죬תͷһϤĻ, Ѹٵطĺʵţ΢-صĴ-Ϣ

ôˣоԼݬBӺס, һأǰԴ
ֱڡ

Щţͷ, ȴ, ɵʣ㵽ôˣ

ȶҵĺ-еĺʵֱϸǺԭʧ, 뽫Ѫ֮УֱԽԽֱյۡ

ɫʱͱˣǰ뽫ݬBݺק˹ȴ͵ֹ̧
˾ˣӲ⡣
˹ɫصҡҡͷʾעݬB顣

ݬBɫҰ, ն۾ȫǾ
ͫյȭͷɿ

ε֪ʱݬB֪жôϲ
Žӽ̬ռȻ־庢ӻԼİȴҲʵظеġ
Ϊ˵ĺӣѪǵˡ
欲֪ʵһжˣӵ˵ĺӡ

Ļϲ׼ӭ˵ĺӣȵȴ𺣵Ϣ
ݬBڶǵζж޹⣬ʹľģˡ

ƴĸԼµЩٲᷢ뿪ԼȴҲѹֲסп־塣
ֻܽڻУץסԼġ

뿪ңĵૣ欶뿪ҡ

죬ͻȻ׹ΪλˣиطȻ۵öҪˡ
ԭŰֱϵ裬»΢΢||ֱ

ǻȫҩζǴݬBƮģǿƣûܴˣΪ˿ʧȥ˺ۡ
欲֪ҪĲۡ
ֻ֪ǸսҵݬBǰеĹӣġ

欷ָ΢|Ҳֳ;˾˻ڣ֫һԼȫԼøΡ
˼ʹһɱһģ糤ȣʵһеġ

ü۲ã򣬷ɿƫͷת뿪
˹ͬʱ༫òתرܣӣ˳⡣

ݬBۣȫȻ֪˰ȾȾ֬糺죬һٳˮͫӯᡣ
ֻоԼֱ˻ס»ƽ̹Сͷ˵С

ΪʲôҪ뿪㰡ǲ¸¾Ҫôߵ촽ʵǵ֪̫֮𣿡

Ůϸɤϲۣ˲Ծһ΢Ц

֪ݬBˣôںԼ϶֮ǰ𺣵¡
ʱҲû뵽Լ뿪ôصʹ־塣
ĿƵţ΢΢ƫͷĶ䣺ô˵𣿡

ݬBԱ˵
Ǵģۣ۵ĶҪˡ

欼ò֪룬ܵżתţݬB
޴룬뾡취İ㲻Ҫ£Ҳȥ뿪ġ

˵ĴͻȻǿȴֲʧסĴȲɷ˵شܽУζ΢ҩ֮
ཻӵζİȴֽ̲סС

һһߵ֣һһأ΢΢Ƶɤ˶
ȫ˵Ϣ

һ೤ǣȴκϵģֲࡣ

ֱᣬҪ͸˲ɿôĦ촽Ϊȷʣģ
ģҲ֪УҲ뿪

ôСϻ̳Ͽ֡
欿΢ңиּ⣬ģߡʵʲôĴ𰸶ֻһ
Цŵͷհһڣġ

ݬB뿪־Ԩֱϲס·˱߸ʣƯƶ֮УƮƮκġ

ʵܲϰԼѹ̵ֶģִȴƲˡ
׵ǣе

ݬBĿŹɺߵĵСоǰδеҸ㡣

һܿͺߵİСʵģûƭ㣬˵Ѿˣǡ
ĿůůģҲȴȫҸۣһʱ

͸ؿ˵ȥɬѵصʹ۽ޣŵصķӦ
û뵽ãݬBڡ

ü̧ͷ˵ĺȴ͵¡
°ͱȶ촽ϣ̸û
΢΢ɴۣĿҵ˿ϲ
ʱ˿ֻֻ̣õֻΪ񣬲ԡ

ļ΢|

ݬBʶζһĺ󾱣·
̫ˡ̫ˣ˷֪ܵȫǳڱܵģһģֻᱧ׸ͣ

欱׵üվסǱˤҪֽѵ
ǵðֺ;˾˻еﶼڵǣﻹڵǡ
زֹˣָ˾˻⡣

欼ֱ߳ܵò֪Ǻã֪Ҫôֳ;˾ˡ
̲סţߴݬBſң

ŮһСıƽˡ
ݬBɫ΢ֲıǼ⣬ŵ˺һŽɿ

欲֪ݬBķˣ޷˼ԹԷſԼߵصͷҪӻȡɾӣǣ°;ֱ

úأɳһ

ݬBѻĽëشɫīڣ
ָĴ꣬ȥߵˮգżֵƣ˶飺ô𣿡

ʲôµĿ
ݬBЦüǷùӣ۵Ⱦϼֲ˵ãᰴ˰ٶ˵

ֵĿ˵ʲô֪ʱϵĴľţ졣

ú¡ĺˮı֮𣺡֪֪û
ѹŵŭ⣬ȫִʱ˿ж౩ŭ
ʶ촽
⣬ˣֽ᲻ֱ崺ݬB

ͷûӦٴλ˹꿪ڣ֪֪Ҫˡ

ľűƿ͵ؽݬBƿõߵһԱ˶ĿȴԼϵĴ֬ͱԹ⣬Ҳţβĵһ⣬һƾ֪ô¡

ݬBβ΢΢죬ɫǱֻ࣬ǿЩ겻ᡣ
ԳҸ֮Уɵˡ

ǰ˵ݬBĿڳõĿȾϼ֮ɫ

ҪݬB֮ǰûˣǿ̺ߣ׿ڸԼݬB⣬˵ѾУ϶취۸ı⣬ݬB׵óѡ

˹ݬB۵׻ָĵͷͷĴ÷˽ȴ幫ȥϴһϺÿ֬

÷ͺڴͷ֮⣬и𱣻欰ȫǡ
ԭģû뵽үָʹͻȻӴ˳ɿشţԲ֪£
үԸ÷Ļв׵ġ
ŴЦ⣬̽ͨ欴ȥ

款Լûˣ÷ȫ-Цݣյ׼Ц
ǡ÷˵ȴԲЦ⡣
Цʣݽ׷£᯴ǰ˵ʱĲŻػһ㶵վԭء

˵û뵽жȵݽȻҲʧ̬ʱ
ԭƽʱ߸ϣԶһģݲȵˣǻΪһ̳øһĳɵ

欵ﲻ֪˼־塣
룬ǹ̫ˣ

欺˵ȴ΢΢һ۵Ļȡ
꣬ٻصʱݬBɫ糣ֻǼʱеЦⶼҪʳ
Σơ

ϺܿٴθߵĺΡ

ӴżԺǰŲ΢٣תͷݬBĸ׶ɼ֪֪δϻǰ˵ˣ˵ʲô㶼Թűǡ

˹ĳ֮ǰһպ֪֪뽭ֹĻ񣬻ۼˣλ¿̽ɿ˵Ϊ⣬Ƚϣ侲

欼ֳ˾˶أȾޢָⲻ

ݬBʱڼΪ˸ϲ֮У֣ȻҲ֮ǰǰɣֻ΢΢Цţһĵͷ

ǣɵ
Ҳһ졣
ζЦŶ롣

˽ʱ̫պǰ׼ˮĸȡ
ǰūͽͨ˵Ѿ˹̫⣬ֻĿɨݬBʱǴ˼벻

̫֡˹˵ͷųЦ֪֪ǿˣ֪֪ĸ׵ܾˣȥɡ

欿첽ǰӰСʵĸ׿ɻãѾ˯£ǿԵ֮٩
̫Цţ

ݬBͷβӣҲע⵽ˣӣɤ˵ҽġ
̫ҲϸݬBҧҧС񣬻

ݬBȻЩ欵ĽлǷӦǰ
񣬼̫Цº͡

ݬBǫͣ˵崺磬¶ŵʣЦüΪᣬͦ˵ٷ磬һѹӡ

̫֪ݬBݲףʱѾ˲̫õԤУ䣬Ͷ㶼ʣͷͻͻֱ

СӾȻǸн̽ɻҪϲ٣
̫ȻݬBгɼȴòϣԼԪǻҪÿ
ɵĿ⸴ӵĿһۡ
ȻŮ

̫ƲֵӦȥɣҪõȡ
ŰĵݬB֣޼䡣
˹߹ȥʱ½Ųζ̫ļ硣

ĸžݬBʰŮȻǣ߽ܵιȥ
ıŮôôͱƭˣ
ĸǵݬBΪײٹȻҺƤţʱ˵ϣʱǸıϼݬB

ֺŮ
ѾöûмŮˡ
ĸһܿŤ֪֪ſ￴һۡ

ѹ
û뵽ϻû£Ҫ׼ˡ
ĸۿ΢죬Щʡ

欽ŵؿ˹ȥúõģôͿˣ
ݬBȻһͬʱҲſġ
ʱڴеϲѹ

ЩĸȴҲЩĽ次
Ҳӵ۰Լˡ

ݬBΪٹ۰ԼֻΪ˸𲻵ò踺ء
ɸˡ
ǰԼΣΨһˣݺݵıѡ

֪ٹΪãȴų򣬻ϸĵ˽ڣѳױдռǣαװľʣΪͶԾʱݬB֪״ûаԼ

ǰٹǰʹؿ³ͷٹȴްЦ⣬֣̿ƿڴʱ֪ҪģͲʲô

ֻҪӹ⸴һ壬ݼҼԼָܻյķ⡣
ν̸أֻǺƭĻ
ĸ״Ͳںȥĸ׺ãͲں

ݬBعԴЦĸĸߣСĸ˵ʲôںˣСϵЦظЦ

ѾڲõĽҲӵϲԼѪˡ
Ůһһοɰ
к϶Ҳһϲ

Ӳ֪ݬBʲô¶Եľ̺ݺݵһۣ棺񣬿ƺҪΣյҵãΪǼףַĿ⿴

ݬB˵ǡʮϵȴ¶֮ɫʱĸȥ

欲ɵòҡҡͷ˵ٵȵȣﻹ㡣
ݬBȴû㣬΢΢Ц£񣬼᯷ˡ

ĸݬBһҸûݴӲ˼ʣȫʰ

欿ŭĿεС˵ôôԡ
Ҹոģ

ĸŮݬB˵֪֪㲻Ҫƭˣ㲻֪λݽж⣬ֹ˼ҹ棬ԸҷҲҪͨΪҳײԼĸס

ĸ׵ĻЦԽΡ

ĸ˵֪ʥּΥ㲻ΥҲҪ˵Ŀɶġ

̫ʱպˮ߽ң˵üǣû׾ңɺͳ֪֪ҪҷҲҪһģԺɾһһһ˫ˣ

˹Ҵҵȴң£Ĵҥ֮

ЩݬBҲԼȫ᯸ҪֻǶ⡣
ݬBĬƬ̣ؿ˹һۡ
˹ᣬ΢΢ס

񣬽ǰ˴֪֪㣬һЩҪͬ˵
ĸֳĻͷĪһʲô£
ͬţĸȻս

˹΢ôʡ
ĸ˹ֳƢ˹˵ֱ룬ٻԥ
һ˲ᵽɤۡ

ĸɵؿ˹ꡣ
Ŀӹ˹ߴЦ紺ʱȴһ٣ͫ΢

欽ĸÿʱ˹ͳɤͬʱ𣺡˵ӣ֪֪֮ΣŲòףǶ˲ֹã֪֪ѾĹ⣬н¡

˹һֱ˵ȫгͬʱڸһƬĬ





66.  ѧ׷   ʧס˫һ

ʮ

ĸ׼, ɱҵͷۻ
̫ܲס˹꿪ڵͬʱ, С
欽ŵĸ֡
ĸĿŮ޷һ, ۿ죬ð춼û

һƬš

ݬBԭվ齱ߣһ󲽡
˫ϥ¹, ͷֵأ᯸ĸ˸

ںʱ, ͷ͵һ, ȴ˹ֹ̧

̫᯷ˣݬBȢΪ, λȫ
ĸ, ƫͷؿݬBǲ

ݬBߵͷӭӵĿ, ģݵݬBǰģպ׶ƱиͬѶܰί԰࣬һһһ˫, ģؿɼ

棬ĵģڳ欼֮⣬ȴϤɵͷ΢

ʮǰҲи꣬Ŀ֮£ģʱǸţûȨûƣûκα̽ɣڳ˶ֻڻΪʸ֦Ϊ;˳죬ֶΡ

ﻻΣĸͲǵǸɵػţഺڣ걶ܵЦ̽ȴʼûΥԣɴ

ǰӰ뵱غϣһӿϣĸ˵ܣǰλݽȴҲû취ŮҸЦ

òۼλٹĴӵȷﶼãƫƫһͿˡ

ĸĮȻıͷݽأ׮Ϊִٳɣͻʥּ£ɲȫҡ
£׹ﲻԾ
Ϊ֪֪ʱ⣬ΪΡղֳ˵֪֪С¡

ĸݬBãĹʱбըһƬƬ𾪵޷˼ʱ˹Щ˼

欽ĸ׵ɫ仯۵ףʱһᣬһȫг
ֹٹѾߣݬBͨΪ˽ԳӶΪݬBЩ£ʱԼݾԶٿ࣬жôһ֮
ݬBݬBؾ֮δ

ĸþò

жʱ䣬ε֪֪ǰʱֻ֪֪֪ڴ˼ҵ֪ͨΪݱʱһڹŮЦȴ֪Ǹί˾˭

ѵ˾ݬB
һ׮£ĸȻͿˡ
һʼ޷ܣȴܿȻˡ

֪֪ʵ̫ӣǰݬBдĴԼҡ
ĸɱĿһۡ
ңҪ֪֪ûݬBĸŮ֮գŮò׿ŮҲݬBãûɷԡ

ޣޣ̫§ӣᣬûˣ֪֪Ѿྡû۸
̫֪ĸʱѹæݬBϣҪ治ϲ񣬴Ժǲ᯸֪֪һ˻ǡ

˵ǰ̫֮ݬBĳɼѷ£ҲΪν˹صؽݬBй
ĸĽѽ⡣

欼ݬBţżգ֮ǰˣӶδãĲһֱôš

ĸΪĵͷ̧ĨᣬߵԶԶԣԪǸ£죬Ԫǻ콫˷𡣡
䣬欲ǰȲؽ˷

ݬBΪԼۿˣԼͬʱСû¡
款ŷһѣü죺˻û¡

ݬBοЦ˵ʲôȴڻкü˫۾ţֻա
ɵһ̾ĵô׵ӻô죿

ĸݬBЦ󣬿Ů磬ǿһϡ䱦һ㣬Ҳɵö˼ʵЦ⡣

˵ĸ￴ŮԽԽԽԽ⣬ĸںߡ

䲻̫ӵ£ȴҲ֪ԼĶоĿ֮һ⾩Ŀ֮˭Ҳ

ĸʱǱ̫νֵķ̬ۣ˲Ž˺£֪еͨȫԼŮ֪ݬBоŮ֮󣬿˵ôô⡣


ѹֶ˵ݴΪĿ֮ס

ĸܿͽݬB欽еǰºͣĳݽȻ۰֪֪ôҾͷˣֻ֮ǰΪ˻֪֪ס
ֹǳ

ݬB˼ϸ壬֪ڵʲô΢Цףҷģ²ûн֮֮Ƚã֪֪ɻգϯϲ硣

ܻ׵£˫ղɵ΢죬̧ȥЦ⣬ﷺ˵⡣

ĸЦοĿݬB֣ģ⺢ҲǵģղôͲȽôá

欼ĸݬBܰãȻ
ô£
ǵðǰĸ׻ʮֲ½ݬBֹΪĮôһת˱ǣ

ǵ֪ݬBж֪ãȻӦҲת˿ٲŶԣ

欿˵ԽԽͿ̫˹ȴ⣬ҲΪ˹ǵýݬBԭ֮һ

ĸСϲúÿˣˣҲνʱһģϧ¼ޡ

˹֪ݬBһһ渵ĸȻȻдŻ֪֪ܺ̽һеϧֱ֪֪鵱գݬBģŻ

ĸģ̫ҽҲ˵ӲãѰʮأ˹ʵڲԸΪûҪԼģԾͽݬB
Ȼ

˹꿴ĸЦݿ䣬ݬB˵ģҡͷһЦ
Ϊε֪֪ԥ͸ݬBؾҲǱŸˡ
ĸŮ۹νһഫ

֮ǰԪ˵߻ʱ»ڣʥϲû׷ԪǵĻܡ

ӼȻպݬBԼãؾ֮Ȼûĸ˵˵ݬBĺû
ݬBһƫͷ΢΢ͷл
ǰ䲻ԸȴҲƾеĶ֣ᷳȴҲ壬վͬһߣݬBѷгɼ

ü䵭ᣬǿóԼգۣЦԼлʱ΢´ǣĿᡣ

ݬBͻȻ˫ڳԽԽ˳ۡ

ݬBж磬ȴԲ¶ҩ֮ɢŵҩ㡣
ĸҩΪ飬ҩζ䲻Уȴǵ欸ղŵĻ˵ݬBδȬϽߴݬBظϢ

븮ʱЩž˳

˾ˣô£ظ·ϣ̲סʡ
˹ζЦ£ҡͷҲ֪ǵ֪ݽ㣬ͻȻȻˡ

款þ˾˵üеȻǾ֣ûٶʡ

һͷҿ˵ϲһͷĺμȴûôù

й֮󣬺μһϵ£СԶ̫աٻĶΪιջ٣ߴҲֹһˣʷһ״浽ʵǰҰһƬȻ

μڳСвι˵Ҫ죬ĪҪֺˡͬһʱ䣬ҲвǿǴ𣬱鰲ƽվֱԣʷԲǿѨ磬ͬҪϲ죬

ǰλʺںҲùԭջ³֮󣬾ȻԴ̫ӵگʿʡ

ԭڻ̵գѴʿʵĻָʹߣʿһҧΪ̫ܻʿֱԣ߻ڣ¹¿ʼ̫ӸевΪԼĵλ쿪ʼв߻¡

ֻ̫ûʣѣûлʲôʿ

ڴ裬ʿͬıΪ۵ӣ̫ӣμڳеҲСΪҪ˲֮£𣿣

˵½ƽԭѡ̫壬ָ½ƽΣֻҪǴ̫ӣ½ġ

̫ںλʺĸѹ£ô꣬Ȼʱ߲ʣȴҲ֪һҪԴΪء

ʣѵޱ֪ж磬ôܴǰڻ֣̫Ӣӣگл谵ĵƻ£

گлѪζ۱̫ӣֶ΢΢̫ӵĲް

̫Ӽ۾þòɫһݣŵĿѵΪҲǿƣ

۲֪̫ʧ̫ͷβԸֻ֣ˣ֤ϣ

̫ӿǰ֤΢Σһֱ³⣬۱ǵȴ𣺡ˣ̫Ⱦز˳κگý

λʺΪĸֳգ̫ӲصϢЩȥ
ʸϸŷ̫ӸûвأǱڶ

֤֤ڣλʺԭһ޼Žڻ¼֦ҶէŴ£û¡
Եºλʺ˵Լæӹм
ػʺūҲ֪ôһ£ָֻʹȷʿѳ̫ӵ塣

̫ûлʿλʺûе£ϾȻһҲ̫ӽֱͣӽĽ
λʺɫȴԽŭԽ侲
ǰμҲűһ£ֳǰŲűѹگ̫ӺžͱȻҪô˴μء

λʺ˫ͨ죬һ׵ûѪɫҧгݣ¼ôסˣԪǴʿѳ̫壿߹ȻĹΣ

һлЦ̫Ӱ̫ӽãЩ֪붫ٴΣô֪徿ǴʿѳģԪݺ̫ӵģ

ۣ⼸֪˶H£ȻŲɣ֤֤ڣʵİ̫Ҳѡ

ѹ֣ѹйôصд¼ȴôöûжûзŭκˣԭڹ˼ź
ѹҪȵμҽ£ڶ̫ӷѡ

֮Ҫ̫У˱ʿģֻһʱƭֻҪĽֻͣҪϸ룬è壬̫ס

λʺܿ鷿ϣû뵽û鷿ͷϵõЦ¹ĽЦ

ǺλʺҲ̲סƿڴˣ

¹µ߻幫վҪף̫񻹱μһ̨б᯵£̫Ҳ뱻ϲԶˣֶ߻ӳ谮мӣһٷ֡

ʱ½ƽ̫ӣұҪĺμһҪǿƶʢ

û뵽ˣȻͷܶӣһ·ҡֱϡ
λʺɫ࣬͸άֲסϯյŴݡ

¹뿪鷿ʱλʺԭأɫް
̫Ӳһ²֮ǰ¹β֪λʺͷϡ
أղϵĻЦλýöնˣ

¹ɨλʺ󣬺촽΢

λʺ˽Ȼ˺ǰȴһྴమĺýáδ˿ʵֻǰ밲檼ʺ򸣽𰲡

λʺЦ˶񡣡

¹΢΢Ц£̾Ϣ̫Ӳأﶨļ٣檾͵ˡ

̫Ե޹ʲأ¹ҲΣͲϲ侮ʯλʺ˵û뵽λʺ󲢲ôȥ

幫ݽĻ¾Ͷ¶ʮţλʺӸµĿδ

¹λʺʼάűƽ˼棬λʺҲδǰΪѹ¹˵ܾûάôʱĸ̬ûһЩܲס߳΢΢ҡΡ

ǡ¹

λʺǰһζĵЦʣ߻¶Ļ£ӦþͶʮһʮߣ

ǡ¹ɫ䡣

λʺɫףһҡҡ׹ģЦʢҪڴʱ֪ǵ幫Ҳ¼ҵʵʲôײǴСͱ°ߣڹѾߣͨʧס

ҼȻĿŵݺ̫ӣôǺμҲԴУƣ˭Ҳù

λʺḧͷΣЦٻ⣺˵ʱ¼λĻ¿ܻɣ





67.  ѧ׷   Ƹ˫һ

ʮ

λʺ˵ü, ֻ¹ü
ԭ뼤ŭ¹鷿ǰײԼ, ΢ϥ¹ȴǲŭЦ˵ʲô̫ӲأҲźͿˣ

Ҳ˵幫, ¹ˣˮ裬ת, ддģ˵欶Ҵ幫, ˣҳɻǰͿ, 岻ף

ѵڰָδɻ׵Ĵ󳤹԰¹Цǳǰٹ˽ĳʧף

˸˺һ֮⣬¹ǰ˺󶼶ԺλʺΪ, ˵ҲǿͿ, ǸûƢĲݰˣݵʱ򣬺λʺɵɫ΢εֻȭ

λʺ΢΢|, ۣٴֻõǾͿĻ¾ܲܳɡ
¹ɫ΢ҡҡ׹ӸŵڵأѪɫ
λʺȣæ価ۣΪ, ȫƱ㻹ˣع

鷿ǰСδ۶УֻǺλʺȻʱĵǿԹȴû̫̳̫ܽһҲ޷

λʺ󲻵ѣֻ̫ǰ
̫ϲ½ƽǸ˽ӣԲ۷ϵ̫ӣ½ƽλ

ͬʱλʺ˽¹򼴿˳֪ͨ˹¡
̫ӱʿָϣ¹Σ鷿ǰλʺĻӡ֤в²⡣
λʺΪ˴ľ֡

μȻ£ڳеĸȴһʱ߽̿⣬̫ӴСۻҲ½ƽ;ϻĻӿɱȣ̫ǱסμҶʯ١

¹Ū־ǲǴΪа취Բߡ

Ϣฮʱ½ƽݬBպ˹̸£˹¹̵Ĵ֮ɫ˲

½ƽݬBԭΪ˻رܣѰ˸ԭ˵鷿⣬뿪û뵽¹ûһ˳˸ű鷿

½ƽ֪ʿָ̫ӣĽ֮󣬴Ϊȣ̫ӷ𣿡
ͬʱΡ
̫Ҫû裬ԲҲڵй֣ѵǱݺ

˹ǿ½ƽ˼·Ϊ

ݬBͷ¸½붯ҲڴʱңԪΪ̫ӰºжԹҲԵ޹ݺ̫ӡ

ǵȹ˽֮ˣҲأǰҲ֪½ƽ¼ȫֵ֧Ķɰ̫ӶԸǡ

˹꿴ݬBλʺȻв¹Ȼȫ׼Լ֪֪֡ѹΪ幫ҥɢҲʲô£ֻǡ

ֻ߻ӵĻ£Ͳ˵ˡ
̫ҪԴȡ˵ĻԼҲòӡ

ݬBƬ̣欶һ£ֻҪٹ볤ϣҥԱ᲻ơ

½ƽݬB컯վΣŵؿٹΪ㣬Ϊ˹Ҳпܰ㡣Ͳѣôܰ㣿

һڣź֪˹Ҳڣ½ƽ̧ڴɿȼ

˹굹ǲΪȻ£߻ӴɷģٹҲ¼ҵˣ±¼ҵ£ٹ£֪䲻࣬ȴ֪һ

⻹˹ͷһֱݬBı֣ٳΪݽ
ݬBɵ΢΢һĵʹһůů

˹ݬBʶȴоõԼͬһˣû¡˵ûյĻ

а취˵˹ʡ

ݬBЦ£ºͶ侲˵ɵӣǰ̫ӲҵĽӷͼĸ֣μҳ£̫ӱģŹôõĻᣬûǲȵףҲλʺ⡣

½ƽǾòףҡͷǴǰͲϲ𣿲ڿ˹Ǿð𣿡

˹½ƽĻüͷ΢壺ϲ֪֪֪֪ǰڹΪѹ

ݬBĬƬ̣ʱ欶ߵˣӣϵΪѵûУֻǡ
ת䣺ֻԾװƭ欶££ӴҲ֤
ҩ䱻ִ򷭣ﻹϸŹ֪֮ͷʲôֻŵ欣ʼձտڲᡣ

˹ɫ˲˪

̫ôӣӲ˸˵ߣʱٹֻ鶼ȥôˣμ̫ӽʧƣ͡ݬB˵̫ӰߵŮɣѱѰ˸Եɴ

ò˵ݬBȷ˽ⳤλʺ֮ڣѿʱֻҪͷϴ£Ѷ֮ڡ

ǸӵˣֻҪִ°ռٹٶΪ˹۾ϣҲƭŻΪŮʱﻢ£۵ĸԣὫһй¼ơ

ʱ̫ıϣʵҲ½ƽΪ¼ңҪʮǰݼһһ

λʺڵݸ£֪䲻࣬ȴҲ֪һóô۰ݬBԭΪԼû뵽ֱӲΪɣܾ

úλʺȥ̫ȥҪλʺΪ֮˵ˣB幫Ļ½ڴʺĪҪڴʱɵһǵûʵܲʹ죬һŭ֮·̫ӣʱ̫ﶼ죬ɾ͵òʧ

ڸߺλʺֻ幫ֻ˭ɲ֪
ʺĪҪ

λʺ·˺ôһƢϲĲ붼ˤˣգһС±̳һͨĹǿ˵಻ԡ

μŶ꣬ںλʺϺλ𣬱ھǺаԵԾãұֻ಻٣ǽƣйغι˼μӵ֤ܵûãι˱㱻չ١

μʧƣһƬȻλʺ֣ϧҲɵģλʺ¹ĵĶԹŴγƲܶ

μΪԱæýͷöͬʱ취¼ˮҿ˵òɿ

欶Щ£֪Ĳֻ̫࣬ƺʧƣ֪λʺ

һ½˹겻գ˶òڣҪܵ˺¼£᯼˼ݬBڲ¡

йѰȢ޲ͬзƸȫɻ׼׼ֻ׼ױɡ

ͻʥּʱݬBδã۾ҽŲŲݬBж磬ϾͱٽеƸ

ֹнѥӣȸɫΣһƥһٶԡȣʹ֮࣬˵զࡣ

ݬBһ½ƽԾѡ

ֹˣƸ֮ݬBŸͷһڹ˼Ƹھһ·֣ٸ澩ǰգ֪ݼݡ

½ƽںͷһ·ϿýζݬBʲô춯ۿĴ

룬ѹû뵱Ȼʹ͵Ƹòһ˳ײֹҪ׼ԼļױҪӵƸھϼȦٸ£ֱֱˡ

½ƽһͬĿݬBάһŵЦݣɵԽ塣

һݬBʹͣһʼ֪ʲôʹֱͣζฮſǰݬBһ̧һ̧Ƹ񣬲֪ԭݬBǽƸˡ

ݬBฮʱصطٶȣ´ˣû뵽ͱһѾӴӵţվſڵ

۵ײ˼ʵЦ⣬ġ

ݬB˺ܶˣûа취ֻͣܲͣǰߣΧ۰ȴǽᣬ
˶λ׼ฮ֮Ŀһֱ幫ϣ־Ҳ᲻Ųۣ֪жĹ㵱顣

д˵ͻݬBԼˣ˲Ըţô󽫾֪жϹ˵ıܣôίԼȢһ乫أ

˼λ׼幫ﻹס
ƣνֶ鶼Ѿฮһξ룬ϵĿȴƵƵͷǰͲýվฮſڵ˶°һ㡣
ԣҥԣͻʥּݽԼģ

欱ͱݬB죬Χ۵İսĿŵԼϣϸ̵Ҫһҧ촽ߵĵͷתظ

ū澻ΪݽƸ񡣡ոںͷ˷ܵС˵ģ֪ԭй׼ֻҪ׼ױЩǻʹ͸ݽƸ񣡡

棺ô˵Ǽҹվûмױ𣿡

Ц棬ҡͷôûмױûƼүѾ׼ټױ˵һʮ̧ʱȫҪฮ̧ٴӹ̧ģ

÷ͷֹˣȻ˵ˣ׼Ƹ񣬿ݽƸӣǰҲ˵ݽȫƸˣ˽ʮƸ񣬻׽һԻ㡣

Ȼʣ欻ݬBǰ˵Щǵ˽ʱ֪޿ܡ
ϣҸȻ쳣ִŵĵ꣬ȴҲԸΪ
ңǵã֮ʲôμǲţʱֻΪѱ

ȻŵЩ˹ִģֵᣬͻʥּˣ˵ģҪΪ欺ã͸ýĵס

ΪǰݬBƸ¸˶û뵽վȻܿݬBһƸν֡

ɫǣɻϲǶ˵ˣ׼Ƹݽô೵ƸҪ֪᲻

÷Цôأǹﲻֹ幫¼ҵЩƸǸ幫ģǸģ˵ǱҲݱĲð칫ļױ޵Ҫļ¼ڼζ׼

ͼ˻صѩ΢죬ϸƸգԽϴ£ϲԣҲߵ£˵ǡ˵ǡ

˵ȻԸ⽫ҶƸУô֪֪ͺúţԺÿվ͸ӻͳɣʡȥƵأ͵ҡ

΢΢ɵ£漴˵ʲôǶλϲû˵

΢Цһɢͱ֪֪ٲҪףտҪŸһϽ֣

ȻҪףҲãȴǵԼ⣬Ҳ֪ݬBжԴסԭҲҪҡͷܾû뵽ֵӦӦҪǺ«㣬û͡

ȥѹʧ䡣

÷ռҪ̸ԿһۣܿʹѾ£ںֻܿʣöˡ

ݲףԴ欱Ѱ֮ҲǰΪӻ飬װ̻֮صļ

ףΪ˵ŻһֱŲףǵСʱҲԼ˵ޡ
ȴɹ¼ҹˣȷЩⲻȥ
ҪСʱԼǲżˣ糤̵˵Ҫָѳףˡ

ʧֻһ˲ϰװûûΣָֻܿƽʱɢģҡͷһЦû£֪֪ȥæ㲻ǻҪѧôȥա

ȻҲŮ죬ȴôһʽ࣬⼸ʱһѧϰһŮʽ

绰ûҪߣС˵ҪǺ«Ͻ
彩£͵ŤͷЩȷʣ֪֪ӦϽ֣
˵аָڡ

æòӰȫ֪ӷɫ
款ԼбҪð֪²Уʱڿʼͱ࿴ٲоͲˡ

ˣʧ缺֪ٲǵǸɿɰ۶ֻԼֻ֪֪֮ǰɶʱδĳŵ

-

ݬBƸν֣ǲ˷Լǰ֡

곤ȵ۷ԣӲҪ¼޸ٹٹйʱûеõôʹͣȵƸٸ¶мٹ֪ԭƸ֮󣬻νٸ¡

ٹӴŻʵʹ͵Ƹ񣬼νֻصٹʱҪιȥ

ٹʮգݬB欵Ĵ֮գʱδȬȴҲ񵱳йǰأʵɴ߻Ӹ
νֻֽܴ֮Ƹص

ݬBȫûϵٹ볤վڴſڵԼ˵ƭ˵ġͷ̧ƸĹˣΧҲΧפ㣬ܿǰ

ӲТøĸڴ˾ú򡣡

ݬBָֻģвϧһ뵽еǸ乫Ľ֦Ҷʱ̹ࡣ
˾Ͳصպ֮󣬻ϻʲôҪְˡ
ò۽ҪλҲֻɢ١

ЦǵĽӭ˽ȥٹ򲻷һĸ˺ͷ

ϴյʥּ֮Ѫһ£Ҳ֪ô۶еģͱ۽нݺһ٣׶ԻʼкβǲǵйʱҲĲ鲻ԸҪгҪӡ

ݬB볤֣ۿ΢죬Ȼ˵Σһ˵ˣһ˵ɫãϾתͷԸȥ̫ҽȫһĸģ

͵Ƹ٣๬˽ݬBòǰһĸТϷ룬֮˵Ǣڡ

ڳĵĻò׸һ䣬ݬBΪݹˣ뿪ȴ΢΢һ̾üB幫֮󣬿ǾҪһֱڹˣͻʥּ֮ķԷѽ·޹Ҳó·ģ幫Ը⣬Ҳܻٹġ

ϾСڷԷģ𣿡






68.  ѧ׷   飨ϣ˫һ

ʮ

ݬB, ų΢Ц幫ײ, ڷԷĸǼǴˡ

ΪȻü

ݬB, ţЦ紺磺ĸ׹ΪȻ֪󶼵סڹ, Ը֣ĸԸס幫, ί

ЦԵࡣ
ݬBָɣ˵ٹ, ίס

ݬB΢΢֣幫񱳿ң¹׽, ûϳ谮, ĸĪҪ£򴫵϶ҪΪԻյλ乫ʲôӰ쵽ܵǰ, ǾͲˡ

һһ۵ףһĸТĻ棬Цţĵ׵ŭȴǷڲݡ

ݬB㵽Ϊֹٶ˵

ԴǴٹŭ۱չ֮󣬳Ϊ۴һ, ֮ĸ͵࣬ǰǰЩĹذ˻ȥ

ȷģҲ󲻹ΪݬB

صԷݬBüͷ΢Բ٣ȷú÷޹ŵƽʣϲ
Ц¡
欸һίԼס

ݬBһһ̤ԷһһεĻ䡣
ǵõԼСѾͷԷʱ˫ۣģ

ӣԺū澵ļ𣿡
С¶ǿɰϲһ˫ģӯ򵥶ִҸЦ⡣

ʱΪ⣬Ҳûʲôģøôֻ࣬

һʱ𣬲Ǳ˫ù˵͸պ£ԼҲ֪ΪΣΪλôִţǵý˴Լ鷳

ݬBûô򵥵һ仰ȴġĽССԺӵԼļңֹɶˣΨһˡ
ǰĺӣЦü䣬ֽرĻ

ݬBΪĺ׾㣬ֻҪһģ΢һ㣬ֵõõȫһɰۡ
ֻ֣ǺһαʶġԲģֺκˣԷ̶գֵôūϲ

ֱһģһ

ݬB룬ԼݺڲͬžǴʱʼġ
Ϊֺ˻ж࣬ͻȻ룬ͬµСҲ·Ŷԡ

ô˫ɾƺҹָǹ⣬͸һֱŵ֡
øһԶЦݣö֮Լһͨʱģ

ݬB߽ڣ޳ָеһС

ǵļңȴˣδ齶µģݬBΪЦ¡
ٹʮգǱӵԼļˡ
̫ڴˡ

ݬBĵİѣɨڣûһͼ΢һ˽

ӣ᯴˲ġ
ݬBӹţ̯ɨһۣѵõĺ˲ɢ

д£һΪҪϽ֣Ϊ̫ѾָԻ鹬ŮٹҪΪ֮

ӣˣ˵ǡЩݡ
ݬBֽջ١
ǻȥ˵δɻգɹռɡ
ϳüСĸղҲô˵ˣ̫ߵĴ̫ཪƱˣСʵƾܲˡ

ݬBĵĵͷˣԺλ̸һ̸

֪ݬB欵ĹȻԻ飬ݬBҲ뵽̫˹öԲߡ

ҺãԺǸȴҲǲ֪֮ͨˣȡͬǰ£ѾӦʱ̫ʺԻ鹬ŮΪƾܡ

-

ա

¥żڣ½ƽɢɢŴһŵҡȡ
ǣöҪˣбҪ͵͵Ŀ𣿡

˽¥¥Ұõżڣһȥ´ϵ˿欲ŵ壬͸ӼڣΧԵѾӶ۵ס

ݬBָѣ䴹¿ǰղ˼档
½ƽ
Ҳǳǰ£Ǵ֮ջ죬½ƽû˼ĿңǰǴַ׽ɷϵ𣿡

ݬB˵Ŀܵγˮ

֮ǰҲ½ƽλãۿǺ«Сû뵽ͬЦĽеıǺ«ݵС

ΪʲôǶҪǺ«ôǵ欶ôԱǺ«

ݬBɱʵ̫ԣӺͲ붼þ֪ݬB϶͵͵ڰ͵
ֱǲԵ̡
ݬBʹ죬ʹˡ

ڻȻ֪˴ʱѲһ飬һһɳڱǺ«ζسţ춼ˡ

æʲôôฮˣ欻ǵýյ£ҧıǺ«ʡ

ССҧűǺ«ڳͬЩ壺¼λͱСĹﶼҪˣͻȻżҵĻ£æŰҰ࿴Ҹͻףֻ취Լæûʱ࿴

Ȼ󣬶õȴԭ̵һֱߣĿɿ˪

Ȼûӵı飬ȴ˵ͬʱ̲ס͵Ц

ǰֵ֪Ҫ࿴֮󣬿˵òˣͲһİ֮󣬻޶ԡ

ǲ´㣬˵ҶͰֶδףҲʶͱ࿴֮һ

ڱͻĻŵһҭǺ«ɤ͵ڴ

欼ȵ࣬һ߽ذıһ˵綼㣬ǾĿ֮һ⾩ҲǸĶˣĲ𣿡

ƽʱֵģһҲ̲ס΢죬Ǻ«󣬿ЦõǡҪ׾Ͳˣ

ź֪ĺС죺ҡУֻǾ㵱ɩɩҲ
һͿȣðΣΪѵıһ䣺ȷ˵¶Ҫ˼ȷ

ӣ
ӷ˿˵۹ⲻ̫а˵ýûۿв

ԸˣڵĻЦⱹһ۵ǵ
ӷ˺۹⡣

ǡӲΪȻЦ
ֵЦʱ̿
֣ҪͰ

-

ֱصฮ֪˴γݬBֶڰ͵Լ

Ȼûм棬ݬB춼ͶʱױţʱĻȻʲôܻḽһɳڵıǺ«

һʼΪ⣬ֱագһǺ«ŻʶԼͶϽ죬ݬB϶ˡ

ǣͿˣΪûгأôǰܻĳԴأ
欰˼⣬һһա

֮պܿ͵

ǰգĸ˹ӵฮŮ̸ģ̫
Ѱ֪֪ʱҲ벻òһŮȻ̶̼¾Ҫס
̫п˵Ἣˡ

պҪܰί֪֪ǧԼţ᯸¼ңĸңܻ
ĸ̫Ļõصһۣޣ˵ʲôŮû޾ҡ
֪֪죬һϵľͷȥȥ
Цεӡ

ĸ˵ﲻˣЩ죬˵ֹˣ塢оƣҪʫԣһɳ̵Ĵ󽫾ҲԵԼ˵ɼĸӵܻδף׼ģɼ˫ȫ֥Ĵ󽫾

̫ӽŮͷ޵βоԼǱ׸ݣĪЩֲûҪֻǵʱɴ˸ĸңҳ̫ͣš

ǲ书ǶӲǻԪǻᣬ͵ҲᣬҲ˫ȫ
ĸ̫ƤĻ𾪵˵

̫⣬ʱ̲סЦ

ӱ֣̬ɢĿǽŸĸһԡһĶ죬ҲȫЦ
֪֪°ǰճദԴ֪֪°֮Ѿܾúܾãûмɽ̸ˡ

ɫ΢̲ס룬Һûˡ

ƽʱȻסฮǴĹǰһյûصʳľȴӭȢ

˹꼰̫Ϊ׼ļױҲڼǰֹ̧ЩﻹΪ幫׼ļױЩ˵ÿҪ¡

գͱ÷˻ѣ統ǰ㣬ױ̨ǰһڹΧױ硣

֪жྫ»һϮ쳤βϼپµ޵欣ĵþޣ׿ѩ

ݬBڹ˵£ʱѾûϵĴϲϣµӰڲĴɴ֮С

ȻƲɴ᣺ļˣȴԼоЦĴɴǣ͸ɴ᣿Цݽ

欵ȷڿŶ̵ļɤʱѵΣ
ܿͷͷǣϽǰǿӲƻ촽Цݽ|ߡ

ޣɻʺ̫ӵȻ׼ٹ˼ҾУ̫ӱĽеĻӱ̫ӸΪ߻ӡ

λʺԸʱ̧ӣǰձ˵Ӳʣ¹мɡ

׶鼫Ϊ׳ۣһ̧һ̧ļױͣشӾ̧ڹͷǼױ޹澵һףһ·ٰղĿΧۡ

û뵽λ幫Ǹ乫޵Ҳô󡣡
ֻ乫Ҳ׵Ů¼ҿǾһĸŴ󻧣үŮС

үŮҲô̧ױɣ㿴´ִͷβҪ̧ˡ

Ե⻰ɵúЦһۣ˼ֲֹֻǵ˼һ幫˼ױֻҪû˭˵

˵Ҳǣ̫Ľˣƣλ幫ΪǴսݽ߻ӻУ幫ϲǰͷһ·ͷҵˣ׶ƺƵ֪ȥʺֶŮδʱٱ

μңι񶼱֪᲻ᱻңμǲІ
С㣬˵ºڳжҲ֪μһ᲻ڽ鷳

鷳һЦûոά幫ȫģһ붼ǽָʹ򣬽־ڣ˭ʱ鷳

ǣݽڣ˭ôҪ

欲֪ϰնʲôֻŶΣĺżӿ졣

һʼǱϲ½εģ۽ƳϲݹĺӹȻһϤůĻ

欲Ҳֻ֪ݬBĿ£סܻԺ˵᲻ôң

ݬB˵룬͸ĺɴͷǿЦ£ˣģɲ֮ڡ

ɻѰ˲ͬݸãֻأֱ֮ϲ

Ƥܿͺߵ˵ԹԵĲӣҶ
ǵݬBΪͻԼأһ·ϲͣСߴţһ㡢һ㣬һ㡣

ݬBÿףǸ¼ӣκοʽɫѶԦ
һϲǽ޳ͦεȫճɾףȻǹӺȣϲĳ£ӵ¡

˺ͷ޹澣׷׺ͷεֳĴߴǷ׷Ц

òϲԸŵ齣û뵽ǰ֮|ߣͳɤ΢ƣҪ죬ʵЩǿѡ

֮ǣҿ첻죬Ӧ


ϲڿɲֹˣݬB˵üᣬǡͲ±ȥ
աڡպŵصһۣ۽üҶ͸ɬ⡣

ϲʲô涼ֲ֣ܿЦӯӯʱѵϲӴ˳⡣

ݬBֱӹݹĽӸˣϲ
ӳŮϾļ԰͸죬һʢĺģ޶ˡ

ףݬBȴ˿һϥ񣺡ݬBμ
£ŭҧ촽üۺߴ񶼰ˣʲô֮񣿡

ϲЦȻǷޣɾбͱˡ

ϲ
欵ͷȥ촽΢΢𣺡˵Ͳ񣬿
ϲһЦϧ
ݬB

ϲȫǺ棬Բӣ˵úܣ欲ڵض¡
ڹѰһöŶӴϲڣֱɳϯһͬϯϯף

ϳݬB֮⣬¹߻ӣǰףصıͣǾ󲿷ݶΪҵˡ

欴ϲģʵ̫ǰʱ̲סҪÿ춼ϲͺˣѾǴ·Сӡ

ڶĳţȻϰߣǰĻǲ˼غ
̫߳ˡ
ôͶẦأ

Сͮͮĵͷ֪ǺãڴϵСֱ㱻Եס
ȻȷɣϲһȴֻɴһΣһαӡ
欴ǲܿصĵð̵ݡ

ݬBĻԼղŶ˵ʲôΪݽԼǡ
¹ЦŴԲøĿڽүˡ

ݬBζؿһۣ΢䣺ӷæΪӹѰ˼࿴ãϯĳյսѣǰڱ߽ɱߵѪɣӹģܺĳֱԣΪǣߡ

΢΢ۣżݬBԼĴơ
ݬB֪ϲڣôܵ˵˵ֻأ

ûûΣݬBֱ׵ĻҲɵúҴҾ¾ƣҲƵĻصϯλϡ

欲شսݬBǹڻҰԵ
ŮϢһǻСèצӰĿһ
ݬBɫ΢ɿزͷ˱ǼഥȺڱ˴ϡ

欴һȣĴ˲ӿ
˵õĳЦ˹һ㣬ġ

ţ޴ĵɴۣߺס졣
ɸ˵ļѸɢʱ֫ٺ





69.  ѧ׷   飨£˫һ

ʮ

ݬBĽǶȺ΢, 뿪ٶҲܿ죬ѵˮһǣǳĴ, ûʲôע⵽
˵ֲ֪ʱգʮָ, ߵĿ⣬ʳˮ

ݬB΢΢Цţµ, һſ硢ֿɿڵ¹⣬С

欱ͻǸŪ࣬κ, ʶؽ⡣
ûԹôóԵ¹⣬, Īζ

ȶȸ߾Ӳ£ֱϯݬB¹߻ӻعʱ, ˶ЩĲɡ

ع·, ֻСݬB겻ģЦŽϣ, ȦڻС
ش͸գĴꡣ

û׽һֻסϸϲ֮ճߡ
°ͱ⧲صЦĺ, ǰԵȴ
欱ۣԾӭȥһһĴ

ǷźЩƵĹϵ촽е̣޵ľ㡣

촽㣬Ǻס촽촽ĦĵġƯĴߡ
ˣֲ˴ˡ

Ϣ΢ȣͷҧһ£Ⱦ˻ƣԣ졣
Ȼ׵ԺˣĻȻ

ؿﻹݬBǰҪԼʱʲôʱôˣһʹˡ
һǹġ

Щ죬˵ʲô촽һαס

ݬB°ͣĴ΢΢ͷ˸áĽǶȡ
𽥰Եǿƣʮռԡ
žȺֱĴܽɨ򦣬ҵɨеһУԽԽԽԽء

رԻȴǵ˻ϣ¹߻֮󣬻ûȥд֮

ȵȣþȫûԼʧ֮УǼһѵشＷ֡

ѩ΢죬΢ң۽üҶŽ⡣
ΣݬBڽɿ̧££΢ҵΡ
Ϣڱ֮䣬ɤƣٹ볤뿪ˡ

ô᣿
βһ⣬һȣȴҶ
ΣԺӣǺҪϼͣһʰ

ݬBϸĵɤɫȴʵʵıˣ
뵽ʲôȤ£ζĵЦˣϯ˵ƣ¿״ԪɷЩִʢӲСʧ㣬С

欺һŵ˲ѹִ£ô֪
¹½ƽȻҲڲᡣ

ݬBĬ£꣬Щε̧֣ᵯĶͷĹ¿ǵҵµġ
һĲɣڴϩ
û˵꣬款ͨס졣

ղϲǰ˻һ֪ͨؾ֮ģֻʣˣȻֿʼʹˡ

Ȼȴڻһ۶ֻϲ
߾ķ֣ԼƺϰദʽϰĳЩʱǿưԵϰ鵽ʱЩ˺ߵķ黰

欵оƤɨģ¶ٴβܿص
ƫƫ޹ˣ޿κ磬

򴽣ͦѩŭ֣ȥ
ݬBЦΣʮϡ
Ц
ĺϲϲ˳Ĺӡ

˼粢һ飬ʮָգȰű˴ˣʣʢӦû£
û£ݬB˵ֻĻ£նᱻԹٲࡣ

ٹ볤ȻҲгϯⳡ飬ϯȴʮֵ͵ǲԸڹ¶ˣǵ۲ʹ죬ûȻ¡

ŻȻ׹Ϊٹ볤ϯ֮ǰͲӰ

ϯ䣬Ƶ֮ʵ̫࣬ȻȲþƣȴһֱǰأͲóӦֳ棬ʱֻΪٹȥƫЪϢû뵽ˡ

صϲʱϲЩ˵ĶʰɾϷ׼õĺƣá

÷Цӯӯظ˸׼ǰ欸£ȴݬB¡
°ա
ݬBĻɵöԿһۣſ次

ݬBֵź赣ġ
÷յͷ˫˫|Цǿ򾲵¡

˸մڼľţͷƮһıԹһûźˣ֪ͷϵν⣬֪ϲΩ

幫ԽԽСԽ˵ԽߣǷԼ˵һ

÷һЦЦζźһѾ˳ȥ⣬Ѿ봺ŷ뿪ֻϼ÷ˡ

-

ţݬBվԭأϾĿЦô˵ˣ

欱һæҵؽͷϵΡ
һͷ˿ɢ£ͱݬB󳹵׻סһֻһֻֽϲϵ̿ۡ
һ·Ӷϡͣĵһβ

ָ΢|סѾʼҵĴƣûȺơ
£|ʢɬڽ֮ǰܣܡǲԡ

ݬBΪȻĵЦСһڣȲþƣڿɲԣ𣿡
ǰ˹ˮʱҲûԹķӡ

û˺Ǿ仰С죺ܲȺƣġ

ݬBֳЦ£ʼմҵͷ˴ߣһӣιߡ

ĸصطԸ欣һҪ׼ģȻ֪ԢΪΣȴǹ֪ҧһںװɵôû졣
ݬBҲ֪ʣʧЦ
ʵĪȴ򴽣˵

ӣԢԲᰲҸˣɾùˣ
ЩݬBȻ֪Щ̵Цȴźƣ˵ˣôСֻһûд󰭵ġ

ݬBһ֪Լжڴⳡ飬ǴӴͻſʼڴģǴǰͿʼǰܺԼʱͿʼ͵ĻţԼһգܳΪ˳ޡ

֪ǸܣȴԾɿƲסԼҹ˾ʱԶʵֵΡ

ʱԶҲܷĳ룬ʵ֣Ɑŵȵĺơ
ⱭƣǷ

ݬBۿ۽˱УֻܺһڣȲģҰȡ

款űƣºƣ븹ŷƵüҪûζ

ݬBһЦʣ˭׼ģ
£·ãǾ˾Լ๤ҲԷԸġ
ĺȻů

֮ʣоƱѱȡ£Ƭ̣ݬBظȵĺࡣ
ʶ£֫ȴס
||֬ѩƯǳۣȻĶ

˶룬ˮӯӯβ𽥷ÿһ⡣

һʲ֪ʱɨ䣬һ򣬻ڡ
ᣬڶԴһϡ䱦ϵϢȴǼΪԵԣݾܾ

ʱЩԺһ㱡ˮд飬ġ
ݬBٴδס૵΢ƣֱĹ𣿡

欺ңȫû뵽ʱȻļ΢|֮ǰǾʹӦ˩
δ䣬˵Ĵ
ζ䱦
ǳֹһǣ欺ֱܿɿ

˫ɵĴ۽ޣ˵˵ϥأԳ̬Լǰ
ȫס

欶лл㡣
ллԸԭңٸһλᡣ

촽΢ð˵
𡢱ͻȻҡ
ݬBûлش

ٿסɿӿһжЩŵĿǰһƬģãȻĹ߽֯
ݽۺ촽Եָס
Լ˵죬з·̻ͣը

֪˶ãٴůĻ֮С

ͷüۣ֣ˣ
ݬBͽ⿪ڣһͷɢ˿һ飬ӡ

Ϸŵĺ죬ӯڽޣ
ȣĽİϤ
ЩãȻսָ

ƳݬBһһŹѫ˰̣һۣشսĴ겻ǵ̺ۣòýɫ˰ϡ
ģССڣš
Σᣬٵı

ǻﶼϢ

ݬBɫԴϵָĦš
˵ֻĿ۵ȫǺεĳᣬһġü۱ǴĿ⣬·ԼѾõıǰ㡣

-

°ҹԭľҹպ꣬ţʢĺĻϣ˵ķɡ

ϺȻɡĬĬȥ
÷ٺҡ

÷ؿϵıӰ΢죬ôˡ
ȴʼ˼룺ôûˮͷԲСӦòˮŶ԰

ѵΪûнԻ鹬ŮָŻôöţܰ˵ݴ󽫾ǰйͨģܲŶԡ

÷ĺ˼ܿݬBĽˮн

ͷŴ̧꣬ˮ˵ʦڣʹ÷ʰʱݬBѾ׺ó㣬糤һ£ڻе˶毺ΣҲȫܲ͸磬ֻ¶һ˫ѾصСɱǼ⡣

£㺹һƣ欣룬ӶԹĶռԽԽˡ
֪ݬBϲ˿欣ܿջĿ⣬۹۱ǡǹġ

÷ɢһصıʳ˺ðΣЩΪʲôӼΧҳ
Ѳɹݽղųˣûʲôִôôأ׷ʲô£

÷ΨһҴ򣬰˼⣬ֱζĵͿȼ졣ػعپᡣ
ںܿͱʰɾ֮ǰҲ·һ㣬뿪ǰ÷̲סЦЦ룬ݽǸﲻһˣ˲òࡣ

ϴ֮ݬBֱӽ˱ϣһ߰رһߴ˯оŨᡣ
ϥǹе˯ǰ̲סУСԹϥǺۡ
ݬBıȻͰҩȿɻۣ
û˵

ݬBΪߣû׷ʣֱߴƽȵĺŴ۽ޡ
СѾ۵ñۣ硣

ֱ˺һȷ˯ŽɿȡҩϸϥǼҩ

欼Ѱ˻Ҫϸ壬ۣȻأݬBüͷֱ壬аûڡ

ҩ֮΢ĺǰŲ֪﷭ļɫصؼо
ܿȼ
ع˹ŵĻصϡ

ǰţҲںƺرںҲرעʽҪˣ϶ҪƲ֡

ݬBСؽ뻳Уʱʱͻعͷź

-

欲֪ݬBһҹδߣֻΪźʹ䳹ҹһ۱ݬBߣƺ˯ü˯ա
˹Ư°ֱͣͦÿıǼ⣬ȥĳյ˫ۡ
ɸɾһſʮߡɡ

Ѿϸɾѣ϶ϵġ
ݬBǰͲϲԵúܣѾҲӡ

˲Ҳ˲Ŀǲ֪عԵ̧ͷ
Ŵ͵Цȫûע⵽ղ۽޼Ķ¡

ע⵽ϵֿ۵øʱ˴ŨŨɤѾͷƮ
欶ݬBۣЦôһ£
ȫ͵׺ץκɬʲôʱѵģ

ݬBԼû˯ͷıǼ⣬ʧЦʱ
ĺһһµϣ˷ǵһô׽ȴĪı
б˺ߡ

ƿװҡȥϨû
С欼յףһҪϨæϵԲȣ¡

Ц

ݬBӺסȫ޿κεЦ⣺欶ԽԽˡ
һԼȫУޣҲûԼȻػһ

ݬB΢΢Цͷ˵仰欺ܿͺҡͷ˵Ͳˣ
Цú⣺𣿡
ˣصشһ¡

˺һ欲֮ǰһ¡
磬ʵңһ֮Աô࣬ΪΪǰû֮󣬻ʲô𣿡

һֱݬB£ֻʼѰʵʱ˳ķޣ款ãԼбҪŪС

ݬBЦȻס

欼ĬЩĵת̴һβбؿһ£ѵһ죬벻ˣ

ŵ㡣
ԣһ
Ȼ֪¡

ǵãݬB˵һֱΪͶԾģ˼ң֪뵽ʲôͫȻһ

ǲǣʲôҲ֪£߻˵ҸͲ֪㾿Ϊҷʲô㵽ףʲô





70.  ѧ׷   ҶǶ

ʮ

ݬB, ˵ε
欳Ĭţ֪Լ
õĳĬ֮, ͵͵ƺһƿ, ת׼˱šûͱݬBһ, ̻ػС

ȵĺ£˲佫ס

úܽ΢΢ͷ, ࣬º, ֻԱƽʱҪЩûΪʲôֻͻȻһЩ¡һ㣬ĩֲ˾䣺Լѡ񡣡

ĵĵط, Ī¡
, ݬBǲԼκθΡ

ͷ˵ҿ˺Լʱѹ֪һֱѹԼʱ, Ҳܡ
ĬƬ̣ĴǣԺ󲻻ˡ

ԣ¡
ǲ˵
ݬB˾˵Ļ, ˭ҲƲˡ

֪Լټ˵ÿ˶ԼܣȻԸôȱǡ

죬Щͷζصҧ촽ϸߵԼ£Ժ󲻹ܷ£㶼ٽҹ

ʹüǳǳ촽ԵЦ⣺᲻á

欲ΪȻĺңҲϵġ
о˾˺ͰڣҲҡ

ݬBֱ̿˺ü¡

ݵλͨȹͣɣգĸĸ衣
ƫƫٹǳϵĹùã裬ܲ

֪ǲΪЦĹϵĳȻû˹欸ۡߴ١

ھΪֵı´ָСǽǵฮ᯸ʮַ㣬ٹҲԶЩٹȴҲպá

һͽˡ׼븮ǰǰ˵ٹʱֻٹһڣ֪ǷҪȥ衣

欱ٹΪݬBȥҲ޷û뵽ݬBЦŰ˰֣أظٹȥɡ

̲֮סݬBΪ֮ǰΪҳײٹŻô㩤

ûˣݬBĬ£˵ʵ飺ԭ֪¡
欲Ŀ
ݬBߵߣһһȹϣȥ䣬úͷūͶ¡

̫ݬBѹ࣬ǰųҵġ㷿ҳռǣ˺һҳΪܲҳ׵£ͶԾ

˵䣬üҲ⡣

ĵͻȻĪ⣬򷭴׹Ӱ㣬ζ磺Ȣʱˣ

ݬBÿɷĿЦúΣûУûȢκˡ
ЦݣȻ˵Ҵֻ㡣

ò˵ݬB⼸仰ʮã欰˿ԭһģ˲

ڰԿģѾǰ˫סͷĺס촽
˺Ȼһ

عԼѾ֫뵹߳ܲѣ׺νɫˡ

欽ԴǰƽȵȻûͷûβĽݬB
š
ݬB
š
ݬB䷳ظ
šĿģЦ⽥ŨԶ׼ĳ硣

ͻȻ̧ͷż⣬°ͣԺǵļˡ
ݬBһۣ۵׷ӿĳ˵ֱӽ˱

ȵȣ˵ͻˣ
޷һͺá΢¡
ƭ촽׶ס

أƭӡ

-

֮󣬲֪Ϊٴ۱ִ鷿һܣ˹̫

̫⼸ձΪĽ̫Ӽ½ƽһ£Щ죬ϵ鷿˽ʱȻȻų˵ۼ䡣

һТ˳̫ۣһȴĪ˦˸

ۿŹֿ̫򳤹ϾЦ˵ҪΪĸ˵ʲô˵ĸҹڱҪ۹ųԶһ㣬ҲĵˣΪ޸ȣĸҪһʶĻ£ѵڵ¼һǿ޵ĶѵҪһȢ¼ҵŮΪ𣿡

ʵǰҲû̫˵̫ɵ£֪ΪͻȻʡ

̫λʺΪͬһˣżǿƿ۴͵ڣ˼ʮ꣬Ͳ̡

ͷһʹʧӣΪ֮Ҫҳ֣̫ҽȴͬ˵첻㣬ŻᲡţ۾ȡ֣˳ؿڽǣϵ䵽㣬ߵСŮüмƣԾ

ŮǹŮȴһ·λ۴ͷŻݡ
ǳ֮⣬谮ӡ

۶һˣȴΪݵ΢ĸڹоٲѣа˸ʱЩһʬʱѾûϢ½ƽ˻ʳġ

ʱ̫λʺݲ֪ɵܲ⡣ʱһ¼ңǼμֻװϮƣò׾ȻĶͳƽ¡

û뵽Լˣ̫Ȼ½ƽĻ¡

ҲǣۺȻָ򳤹ʽҪٹҲ뷽跨ˣڻʲôʲô֮ǰ񱻵ҲܷﱻԹٵҲһ棿

ΪҴ¶սʽĺöΪҴºֹȣ

ɫࣺʵҪ֪©
һ֮󣬲յЩɵˣʲô𣿵ٹԶͽʱ޻˸ߺóһʱ䣬ȷʲôǵãôܻǵõ¡

ؾʱǻʽ׿ڸޣ˵ʲôǵˣѵҲˣ

̫֮Ȼʺ֮λĸرر߹صĴ󽫾˼վȨ꣬ȵۼݱǰȻѾջز٣˼Ҳ˴ȴɲС

̫С۽ϧĻλһֻ뵱ɢүԹ̫󲢲ģȴ෴Т˳̫Żѡִӡ

ʱ޹̫һֱһὫȨûȨյò࣬رֻϧر߹صǼλ󽫾ȻȴȢ˺μŮֻݬBһ˶ƫ½ƽķ½ƽȻ

ݬBֹ½ƽ֣ʱ˺˻ȥر߹ʱҲ赣жġ

ĸ󲻻ɢ빬ǰٴαλʺ뵽ǹ

-

գ欲
ȫû뵽ԼݬBȻҲа취Ե֣֮Ӳǽ޵˯ž۵ð

ʱݬBֳֻŶϿԼȫǺεĳռЩԺӣĪ˻棬糺죬߲֣Ҳûҧ

ݬBۼֿ죬ֱס°ͣŷЦ޹ߣɳƶ㣺ջţ欶ôҧ˶Ҫ㿴ˡ

Ǹ˯ѵĹϵһ˫ˮģٴգίС飬ֱɰò󻰣ĪҪ۸

ݬBɫ΢̲סջ֣һڡ
˻
ԸԳҧ촽
ҿͶҿСߵҧһڡ

ϸϸɤСè㣬Ķˡ
ݬBϰףȻֻӷ磬ҡͷһЦεǲ㲻ԸԳҧ

Ϻ˺һֱ÷ѣ欲طŹ

Ϲ׼ݬB£ԼҹӲֹ촽ҧƣЩףɵ͵һۡ

欸ղʹ죬˵νȴ͵ԼʱĪ߾

ûװͰ͵ߣϵڿʲôԵݬBȵ΢΢Цʲôܿģ

ݬBڻеĶռ벻ãСĸһջĿ⣬ҡͷûûУСʲôҲû

ԭĪ飬ԼҷԼԼ̲סжʱеˡ

ϧܿ˹꼰ʱ˲ȥ

˿ݬBһżĬģͬʱ
˵Ŀǽһζ˹ȫǡҶǶЦ⡣

˹ɿ˼޵ذʾݬB幫⽿빫ٺãǵŵ㡣
ӵֱףǰͲѸж𣿡

߾С̵öҪð̣С˸Ƿҡͷ󺰣ģ˾˸֣ҽ͡





71.  ѧ׷   Сڹ

ʮһ

, 㹫һͬл
̫⣬˹겻֮󣬻ҷͷ, һһ͹

ӳ˹֮⣬Ҫ¸֪ݬB

̫񱻽Ķ, ι˸֮ûþͱңμһһ, Ҫûʰμҡ

˽ڲ²⣬ıѾãΪľʵʱ, һٽμҲȵף߻λ, Ҳ幫ݴ󽫾֮󣬸Ҫ̫ӵĴ

̫ӵĴϣҰһʼ̫, ֳֽ, ˷ִĺλʺԽ侲ҲϡϺμȻɽ¼ҲţȴҲһʼ׷ʹ

Ӿò̫Ծ, ղŻصظ欷򸾽ǰһˡ

ڵȴ欺ݬBʱ޵˹¡
μҵĲԾѣ˹Ҳע⵽ʱ, ֻ˴Զںʱ

Ļлɫ΢һ˾δ̫μҡ
˹ЦһЦ˵Ҳǽ̫ӶҪˣǻʲôң˵ʲôͼݬB˫˫

Сպ˵ģ۽üҽԡҸڲסϲů⡣
˴˺һ֮СϵҸЦ̣ܿͱɬȡ

ֺ˵ʲôӵȡЦݬBĻߵֱš
˹겻ɵʧЦɤºͣ˵£빬֮󣬲ػ¼ңֱӵ᯸ǡ

׾˾ǲԸڣһůɤģĪζǣǼˣ
ź촽С죺񶼲֪֪欶ˣͺݰ

ӻ¼ʱﻹǺܺµģνļ˲һʱΣЩʱദŷԼĵĶǶġ

¼һ᯼ҶĴ˹̫ĺôûб

ǶĸҲŲٵΣʧúϧ
Ҷʵϲ

Ǳ˶ãҲӱ˺õС֪˾۰ԼȻݡ

˹欵ĻĿò΢΢Цţ֪֪ԪҪ񡣡
üۼЦůˡ

˾˵ĳƺůģر̹ʣʲôôҪǰ

˹ζĿݬBһۣҪڣݬBȴһ|ҧĶ䣬˵ʲô

Ҫлۺ欵ĴȻã޻սҡʢױνʤաݬBĻ֮󣬾ѩ˲糺죬ǡƴʢһұ续޲ɷ

欲ŵصݬBһۣ߾ǡҾˣ˾˺ͰĪҪΪ硣

ߵüתʱ𵭺ɫԽڣǳ㵭

ݬBǺߵСŮ̬뱻ѾǴӵӰ۵׾ǳᣬֱ˶ţʧҰ֮У᲻Ųۡ

ۿñϷζ˵һѾԼ࣬·ܽעμҡ
漴ȥ˹ݬBˡ

-

ݬB˹̸ʱȴѾſ˯˹ȥ

ɲ֪Ϊܾȣֻ˵гȶʵ赣ģݬB÷ԲȣСĸŷ硣

˼ˣݬBȴһֹһ߽ӹԲȣһȥźɡ

÷һЦ죬¡
֮󣬾ƽʱصĴ÷Ҳ̲ס˵ү۹ÿζźȫȻ󲻷Ĺӻ¡

ݬBţ÷ΪԹģƫƫǣֹǣٹĴӣӵܴСͱźˣźˣݬBǰ궼ڱ߹ش̣ʵںһҲչ˱ˡ

괺÷СɵúЦһۣҪþǹŮ֪㽫ݽôúһ湫ӣ˵һҪЦ

÷Ȼ
ˣˣλү䣬Ͳ볣Ტۡ

ڣݬBһҡԲȣһ߽С
жȴǲСĽ˳ѡ
ݬB΢ɲüŵȳҡ

Ժѹ˵ͳʶ˲䣬غһϸ죺˯һͺãʱҡ 

˵꣬ôںû˯ʼٸ߻Уٶȳ˯ȥ

ݬBɵԼֻһĶˣΣ̲סͷͼѰĴꡣ

ȵĺ䵽գ欱ƫͷֱ䣬һͺߣ֬ġ
ŮıԹˡ

ڻǼ⻹ӯŮеĽ㣬ʥҲңοݬB޿԰Σֱ̣Ҫ

ĴǰŮ΢΢С죬ˡ

ݬB᲻סȴʹ˴סǳֹҲδУôάԭƣһŷ硣
Ц⣬ɫ

˲֪˯Ǽ˯һ·Ϻǲֻ֣СֶȥĵңһĦľһʵֱۣƤݬBа

ݬBǵôҪһ̣Σһ߬סֻС֣ȫ޿κεЦ⣺֬ǲ欶һֱһ䣬ϵķۿǻҲҡ

һʼȷʵˣһ뵽ԼݬB۸գͻȻˣڽǰ׽Ūһˡ
˽ݬB֪һԴΪأҪݬBԲԼŸ˺Ϊ

ԭеŮ̧ͷЦݲõʣڷҲˣҲˣ˵ôźã

պ˵ģ֬ѩȾһ֬͸졣ϸ̵ĽëģѾСȣϵЦ̲סҧһڡ

Сڹô졣
ݬBĬƬ̣ÿͣ£÷
ϵķ۵ˣͷҲˣ
һ侲ȴǲŵĿߵ޵ݡ

÷һ欵Ŀ-˲ߺͷȥϵЦʳˮ

ΪЦĹϵ÷ڰ˷ʱֶǶġεҲͬ΢΢š

÷̲ס룬ѹ˼Ҷ˵»ͣĸβ
ҲЦţĸʵںõĽ

款ԼҲûԴ÷ˣ֮ͨıԹҪôˣ
ˣݬBôô飿

߳ܣ˵ЩҶᡣ
˹Ҫ뻳̽ƿܻ粻ҪҪˡ
˵úոҲŪҵĹϵ
ǽԵСģ˵жɰжɰ

ݬBۣ˵ֹҪۺ󣬻ϻ磬볯͢󳼶ǰףء

£̹ԹԵǸҡҲǹģֻǵҪлϻʺ˻й磬Բ𡭡
ȥͷҲԽԽ͡

ôôɰأ
йǸġ
ݬBÿɷȻʧЦ

ʵһҲңּɣǰΪԼߣίԼմСԺ深æԭСƢСҲҷˣֻ

һҪίԼҪСĺ⡢ǡ

ݬBĬ£޳ָ°͡
欶ûдΪʲôҪǸᣬܰģҲ˵ⲻʲô£ǴҲ޷
ԶñǸ

־Ҳֱ뵱ӵǼ䡰£Ҷ֧֣㵽ʱˣҲ취һޡ

˵úΪ޷һ

ˬģůɫչ͸Ĵбϣ欿ŵЦֹ屻յůģҲȪ֮һů

ļֹסĲ۽ǷɿҲ
꣬ɬǿĵĴ³ޣҳ軵ġ

ǺܺáݬBΪȻЦһЦͮͮĶһǡ

欿һûҸӿͷһֱðͣ
ʵ̫ҸˣûôҸ
ȻЩһǰһΣ׽ס֡

ݬB֪Ϊҧһڡ
۰ۣĿݬBҧ
ݬBűҧĶ΢΢Цţۣ£ⲻΣǲ۵ġ

һװŭؿ군ˣظҾô÷ȥѾ̶
ݬBЦסãҹ򣬹Ϊֹ

ЦУ˵𣿰
ŲĽȥء
᲻á

-

幫Ĺ˲ˣһƬ֣ۺ欼ݬBĹ뾴衣

λʺһĲ欣˵Цʹ鱦У׼ˮģݬBơ

欵λʺΪͻȻǣݬBȴ΢ɲü

ǵ¹ѹԼλʺʹ͵Ĳˮģܲ;Ȼúλʺҵ۵棬ЩﶯֽţʲôûгԣҲҺȡ

۴Ҳֺλʺ쳣ǣʺ󲻱ˣҲ޷ֲ̫ӷµ

ȻΪ̫ӾйɱһıλʺֻΪ̫ͬӣŻԹ˹ػ

λʺѾû̫ӣΧֹŰΧۻ˽ţֹͰˮòȥͷϢҲ

̫ǻ֪

۶̫Ӳأֹٹ٣ƽնΪ̫֮ͻȻˣҲȻ£˻ɡ

Ϊˣλʺ󲻵ò˷ų̫ӼϵļϢΪľҰ˹ע̫ӣϢôûˡ

λʺҲԸۻ˺ģμ˥ܵٶʵ̫죬üΪԤıԾãһһ

ֱˡʢһʱݼҡ

ֹ뷢ӵܻһһһһ֤֤ȫǴֲ

ά̫μңֺڴˣȻΣ½ƽϴ֮λ

λʺʵڱźμҵ£Ŷʧơ

뿪ǰ͵ʱݬBȫǺ
ͬһΣ۵Ľӵסʣôˣ
˳ƿдһζȣ̫š

ǵ¹£֪¹λʺԭΪ˽ʱ֣Ҳ֪¹ӣȴûܻꡣ
¹λʺ󡭡
ϸһ֪è壬ԺλʺȻȻĪ־塣

ݬB۵ӹһĨɱ⣬ЦĶ䣺𣿻ظͲˡ
򵥵һ仰ĬĬĺ
أʵ̫ˣȻöݬB˵ϷԼôһ㲻붮

ҡҲˣȥͲˡ
ڽͰ͵Ľͣͱĵķס˴

ֱӱ˿ȫζ
ǳֹǣ˺ܿͷֿ
죬ܻشһ£¿֬ûô죿
ݬBΪȻЦЦղùģ֬Ȼûˡ

ԭԤı





72.  ѧ׷   ǲǹģ

ʮ

欵Ĺϵûзʲô, ֻڻӼϯˣȱ̫һˣټϽշ̫ӵĴ, ˲ò롣

λʺȻһĶׯţȴĬ, ϯʼվĿŰٹǰ幫أ¹ü۴飬幫ֵʲôʹ͡

ȾŴޢָ⻺, λʺƵͬʱ۵ӹһĨɱ⡣

һԵĹ̫ɫͬôÿ

, ̫Ӳ˳½ƽĳѹ, ջȴ¼ҵŮλ幫ٰʢĹ磬˵׻ڸ½ƽ·, ¼ӡ

̫齥, ָĦĽ˿ľ飬ĬĿ欼վԵ̫򸾣˼ʲô

ĸμӲϯ, ɽ֪֪Ĺ磬ȻҲ᯸ǵֻԼ˵ϯ
޷һдѣ᯼˵ףֻҪһ뵽, ĸбܵý

⣬ɲŮòٳͷˣϯ䣬Ŀδ뿪֪жպ󶨻ϡ

ĸ˵˵ţۿĪغ
˵ò޵ģ̫ʧЦϽߵС˽ϣ漴§ĸȥעĿ

欿ĸ˫ĿͨģĪдϯ½ڸ֣Ծ֡
ָڷ׵ͬʱ˵ĴȴȻϢĸһһذ⿪ָ֮ʮָۡ

欽ס΢΢ЦûעʱյߣʵȴǷɿһڡ

ݬBû뵽ƤСڴ֮ͥˣ׵ĶɿϼĨ졣

̫뿪֮欿֮ĪĿݬBһۡ

Ǳ飬ҲǰƽӼӣʢӡ
ʢ¿״ԪɣҲǵ¹׼࿴ѡ֮һ

ԭΪ˾ƾͻ£û뵽״ԪͻȻڣ飬ֹݵĴ󽫾˴عĸ֮飬Ҳο

磿
ͷһݬB֣Ծս
ôû˵ݬBĸǱ߻ˡ
ܿ͸оݬBԼָǰ

ƽӿݬBĿԴΣѳɼңԸ⣬ǿɴ幫һʢңһүѣǿ˵

ݬB΢΢ЦһЦͻϣԣʢڶʮǰĸϾϵ˲ǣĳεºϰƽΪ档
ƽ
ֹү֮Ի˺ģҲΪ

ݬBٴβϣò΢Цͷ˵Ÿ幫ףأ˳˵

ݬB֪ι´ʱΪαͻȻ¼˵
ǵŮʢôʾãЩĽֹϵ

ƽ΢΢һ̾ʢΪԱȷǶݬBĸ˾ЩҲΨһĶӻ˲ǡ
ݬB龩֮󣬰ƽһٱʾƽҲԸڴʱ

һֱΪݬBǱûˣǰǽûݬBʢҡ
ȻݬBĸѾߣȴҲδǰʢҵ¡
ڹūǾ͸˵ˣǶٹλŵԪޣǻĪ

òװϯٴγϻظ̲סڣҲ֪Ȼǰƽ

ݬBĬ£ĽͣĸΪƽŮݼҳʱΪԱݼһߣķ

˵Ƶᣬ欵ȴ
ĹôˣȴС޿Ĺ¶
۾ɬʹһ仰Ҳ˵

ݬBƵ۵Ḳĺ󾱣ָǻ||ļ|Ħ

ҪùֳƼ޵˫ͨ죬ҪΪҾޣȻҲŹ۸㣬ʱҿɾͰٿĪ硣

ЦŵͷɿĴ꣬ӻóӣһ˹İᣬһߵš

ţޣЦԽΣȻ˱ϣһѽԼУͷضס촽ǿؽȴĿǻסĿʼӶᡣ

£򦱻ס֫ס

ޱȰԵޱǿЩ³
ɫԾֻܾٵǿӲ̬ȫǷͺǰһޣϤ

ˮգգܿȫޣ΢βȾϼֽ⣬˳ƵУ΢|ɬĻǡ

ݬB˱ۣοЦԼֱֿԡ
ȥҪ£ܿͽɿһãֳָᵯĶͷ
ˣ

ջЩ̣ҲеԺ۽ĺ߰봹ҿ

ݬB۵׵һŨ˼֣Ще뷨ȫ˻ȥ

ǰ˰֮ȻݬB
š
Һͺ֮⣬㻹˵ġۿе죬βһ⵭Щɫ࣬ҵ˾ˡ

ݬBĵ׺òѹȥǹаٴΪ򵥵ļ仰ڡջٴ
ƫƫʲô
СڼֱҪ

ðζ˵Ҳ۵׷ӿŻɬ

һҲ֪ʲôЩ˵ȻȻЩ㣬ֻҪҸֺú̸һ̸һĹ۵ġҲǣʵܺõģǴҲϯˣЦеףǣ϶Ҳ¶ĳɼˣЩ

˵ʲôСͱݬBݺݶϡ

-

ϺڣһͷĻʳǣٹȴһƬѹС

ٹڲ磬飬̫ƷŲ裬ͶţɫʮºͣӯӯЦڵĻȴʮǿӲʵ۾㽫̫Ľʱ񶼹˴£Ҳʱˡ

幫Ĺһ۾ͱ̫˹Ѿٹ˽һӣȴδֱֶվڹ̫ǰ

۱Ц̫ܻʿɸնһһ棬ǿĸϣûжκζ֣˻

̫ĵطвյü΢ʿԪѶҹϵܲɷ֣᯼ҵŮֳ˹ϵŮʵ֪̫ӲǱģ

Ƶزһ䣺Ԫ֮ǰʵ۽£Ȼսթ֮Ĳޡ
۲˵
̫̾˿˶εʵǻδҲǿðҵһ̫ӣҪ󲢲ְɣ

ۻӲ̫Ӳأ˼ͣĸ󣬶ˣݶиˣ

ʵ۷ȥ̫º͵ɫҲȫƬ̣˽Ը仰

ĻɴдȻ𾪡

̫󽻴ϣƬ̣Ȱ̫˼ôֹǽϵ˿ڣϿܻ󷢣ʱ֪Ҫˣͬʱңʵڡ

ǹ̫ߵˣ̫Ҫ幫˵ľæȰ衣

̫񰧼㶼ʹô
̹أ亹ֱҡͷˡū幫߻ʢ裬̫˼

ǰչ̫ںλʺߵĹ˻˵λʺֵµĸŮ̷ϵС̫ߵüòƱͼ̫֪֮Ȼûκξٶ֪µ˶տڲᡣ

Ĺ̫β֪˼ȴԸ̫ﶼһͣʱһһͷͽܾ֮˵³

-

ϣݬBȻûʲô£ȴΪ˸˴ۡ
ȻûбһһڳԹ⣬ȴǱ۰˸顣

˫ͨ죬գۣԹĺᣬһ㡣
ֹ֣ȶҪƤˡ
ݬBЦҧ䣬ͳɤȾ˻ƣ欶ԣһͺá

欰Űɣû뵽ŵĽֱ¡
أ֪ݬBǸƭӡ
ƭӣ

-

÷ʰʱߵ빫ҹԲȥԶüͷԽԽ
뿪ʱ̲ס裬⾿ô¡
ү͹ΪʲôܰѷŪôң

δףȴҲСˣ÷ô棬ɵζЦЦߵ

÷Ƭ̣Ǻ״ε˵ʲôҡ֪ˣࡢл衣

գϴʱܿͲ÷ԼĿ졣
ֹ죬÷ʱɿ촹ܿĿ⣬ȻոغðǰĺѪ

欣
ʴ÷ôˣݬBȴѾѣױ̨ǰ˹

ֻţϥ˯֮ݬBϹҩȻˣĵȴǶЩ
ҲСĿбӣԽдױ

ݬBȴЦЦؽӹе죬΢΢ϣЦ欶ҪҰױ

欺һͷ

մ͵Ц÷ҹ֪֪ľ޴Уûع˶Щ㱡

ݬB欲ԼҲŭЦŴյһ߿һ˵һ°欶üĲҪ𣿡

͸ͭЦĿӣƳϵ죬ĪĶȴǰͷŤһߣСߵ㲻˵Щ㶼ᡣ

ݬB䷳أ˹ȥԣҶᡣ
欱졣
ѧݬBЦá
ǲܿص¡

ĵ죬ƴֱǣȴܿƵ˸Ц⡣
ŬƽװɵĿһۣģ
ݬBҲѾǶڣβһ£ġ
һЦܿ˳⣬Сռȫˡ

ѾǶˣڷ֣ĿƵĿҪúûҾͷ㡣
ݬBʧЦӦá

欿ĵıۣϸ˳ĽëСӣ΢ŵͣ
ݬBǰĽգɵıۣȫȫԼģٴһš

û˻üִ˼Ƭ̣ǰüǺģðΣ欲Ĵߴ

̶ۣоݬBʵƽʱʱҪЩʱЩ̫õԤС
û͸оݬBֶ¡
õԤбӱŴٿۡ
ͭеԼȫס

üëԭôֵ𣿰

𾪵Ŀͭϵֳִĺߣʵ޷ݬBȻܰüë
ΪݬB䣬дһֺֻ֣һֺûü˵Ӧò̫ѡ
ǣǡôа취ģôģ

Ǳˣ죬ð˵һ仰ڱһ䣺ǲǹģ

ݬB̷ϣǡ
ȴҲһѾѵõϿֳǸı顣
һʼˣҪȣû뵽ԽǲԽ⡣

ǰû˻üԽԽõġݬBڳȣȴѾһüëһֶ졣

ݬBΣҪұ˻˩
˭һҪұ˻ŭӱӿߵĵ˲Ҫסüë
ģݬB￴˳Ц⡣

üëˣȻȡЦЦôģ
欸ˡ

һ˭Ȼֻϡ
Щ
ݬB˵Ƿ˼ǺǱףڽ˶á

жĿĴüôǽ°ױʱȴϼæҵͨˣͷĶ˵

ע⵽÷ջ䣬ĸ˻һĿԼ̸ĿڵСҪ

ݬBЦݲ䣬üͷȴ΢ɲ£欵ļ磬ʣûױˣҳȥ£

ȴǲΪ⣺ϺһС͸ߣڷԷģʲôģûɡ

ʵ׿˵
֪͸ݬBתΪ˲Լķգ϶ؾֻõ˵
ϲ

ݬBȰȴʮֻּ֣Ͻ˵¡

֪ݬBϲ˿欣֮Ŀ⵹һֱڵ棬ʼչףҶ࿴欰ۡ
欣ʲôôֱ²ã

ϽŵؿݬBһۡ
ݬBɫ΢ºͣ˵ú˵ĪҪŹ

ϳĬ£˼δǣðΣСصϵС
šüĵ˵
ݬB޳ָȴȻϢϵѡ

СϣϴĿѣȫд幫˵ײʱͱ°ߣֹдǰٹѾߵ£дˣдˡ

ݬBЦ⾡
Ȼ˵˵ȴѾµдʲô
ǽԼͨ£Ҳһֲ©дȥ

ɫɷףŵĿϣСģ
ͷȻң˭Ҫ£Ҷ幫ˣôʲôô
ݬB޴ģһۣæ˰УͷĶ䣬û£µģҡ

欲Լ֪ԼΪ˶˵ģ壡
ԣô죿

ݬBʵ½ƽٹ¾ҪףҪΪ£Ӱ쵽Ļ£ǸǺã

ݬB£Ž˱һԹ
Ĵϡ
ݬBͳ֤а취Ƕµģң𣿡





73.  ѧ׷   ݬB幫硭

ʮ

, ݻͲһС£ټϹ̫⽫ֵ˾֪, ºܿʹ÷з

ūͲǹģ¸, ʵ˿ҽߵȨ󼰾ǰվͲһˡ
, үǻеݬBˣѹʲô¡
˶棬СϵĴԾǼ١

ٹһտ˵ͥ, ˵ŰݷóٹòǷд¡

ݬBҲڵһʱϵฮ
һฮ, ͼ½ƽͣڴŲԶ
ͷһʱЩңЩˤȥ, ݬBۼֿ, һѽ§ס

欶ǲңݬBԽ˴ᱧߣüۼ価Ρ

ԭ׼欵Ĵմ͵Ц
欲ԾػסĲܻļ磡
Ժж˵úúˣϡ
ա

ݬBЦ, εǲԣԹԹԽ˷
ޱȽټҲҪݲȣĪԼ
һ˵һǣ֣̤ฮ

ʱĸ׻ǰû˵, ͳݬBħû֪жൣġж຦¡
֮£է֮¶ûʲôӰ죬ݬBȴǵöʮǰһʼҲġ
ΪǼ֮֮ͣ£룬ֻ̤Ŀˡ

˸̤½ƽæݬBǰ

񡣡½ƽɫأȫȻѾȥ龿Ǻ˹ܻü¼ҵֻǵ֮ҪٹǱ߼ϡ

ֻҪٹ볤ܲϾû¡
£½ƽ֪ݬBҲ֪ųϢ˶ȻҲҪǣ˲ѡ欴ǰųϢƫƫ֮ŷų
Ϊ֮ǰû˵˵

ݬB΢΢ףʾ԰꣬˹ǰ밲ֻͷ½ƽ
Ƭ̣Цºͣ£ˣڴϵΪǰ̣Ϳ¡

ݬBһתЦ紺ԽǴ˾֪ԽҪ𣬽ִźá
ʲô欴㵡
˹΢Ǻܿ͵ͷԼǡ

һŭʬ
欵׿ڸ˵ģԴǰ̳죬һӵ۶߳ŭ׷Ļָʹ߾ݡ

ֻǣ˹ѹҪٹ˳С
ݬBЦЦ಻صģ£а취

½ƽҲܿ׹ݬB˼ȴɫȴԻްĸղŴ˵Ϣˡ
䣬˹̸µĵط鷿̸
üֱǹɲ𽥷Ŵ󣺡ŮҲҪ
˹ѵõĳ£ܾȴһҶ˲ܺ߸ףǡҡ

ݬBסļ磬źۼĽ΢΢һЦ߸أǷ̩̫
ұá

ţȫû˻֮⼰΢ɲĴ⡣
½ƽ˹굹Ƕˣɵͬʱһۡ

㼪԰½ƽֱûƢˣʲôʱˣˣݬBȻĴҲܳԣ

-

ݷٹȻ࣬ȴݬBϣʼһŷϡ

ճ۲ɢ֮󣬺λʺ˽뵽ǹ֮󣬺λʺʾֻҪúϺμҷųκη̫ӼλٹﶨᲽ

һĶȴʮôˡ
ʮǰǵĸ̫ܽʵͲѲǵδûôɵ

۽˵ϴλֻҪǲҪݬB½ƽǾԲµġ
һҲʱۏˮǵ۲ʹ졣

ƫƫıܿˣȴǻȻ֪

磬ƽʱһ㣬һӵ¥֡
¥¥ｻ䣬иŮСַ飬Ϸ޶ȣò⡣

ʱͷйҲ幫ĴԣѴǷ֮꣬ǰΪ幫磬ʧֽ¿״ԪУֹѵһ٣ű٣ƷĹӼ˾ҵΪƷĹӼة˵ƽɵö˼мֽ֮⡣

żڵļˣƽʱһĹӸ磬֪вʹ죬ܿŸոմӻеõСǰ

Щ˽ǹҵĸӣΪҲоλɳϮԲǺﲻǱ˸٣ƽⲻǰοԼֵܡ

ӿɿ³¯СˣΪԶҵСӣҲǳţҲӣȴܣֻпԶɢ

һ¥ƾûϹ￴С
̧ͷĵۺߵʲôС

ֱߵҲ˲پƣʱͨ죬ùԶСС

涼дʲô߰Ķ嫣ɱʲôСүǰ͵ءޣһȾԳһѾȻ̫Сϵĺ

˱ͻĴȥ
ԶСӱ˳𣬵ҲղŭЦӯӯûСҡҡλģСݡ

ԭһ̴ӵܣС֮󣬵˲Ѳ١
ǵʥŨ幫Ȥǣλ乫ǰȻԼͨ

бͷƣСݺȻЦ˵ˣ˵幫ʲôûɫʢ϶ƫƫţջϯҶ֡

־ͰգΪԼ޲֮ĹϵӲɷԼУӱνͣ˾˶ţ¿ɺˣʢ֪Ϣ֮

żڼɫ׷ױˣӸֹСүԣ˴˶ӣҪǴ϶пɾͲˡ

ԶСȴǲΪȻ²׷ʣү˻Ϊ棿幫ǰٹѾߣǡλֳͨ

Ƕ֪ݬBĸ鲢ãǰλսպյĴ硣

ϸҳڴģݬBǰǰ֮ԼĶӸҪ󼫸ߡ

ϧ㣬ŬϲݬBֳ׼꣬Ҳֻ˸ʿ֮ǰƷĹӼ˾ҵǻʵ۾˾˿ĸ׵ϸ̧Ĺλ

ﱾͲϲͬĸֳҲ᳤ȣ˵ݬBؾʱ̫Ӱǳӷ硣
ݬBϯȴĪ̫ӵǸСңϡͿذ˼ҷ

̫Ӻ˵ݬBǰǱ죬ŻẦ˴ǱֵܵϣһŹѡ

;õݬB֮λȴ޶ԣʮֿɣӷһ¸ʵĻɡ
ԭݬB踺ô꣬Ϊľǲ˶ʱ಻ɡ

Ѽ䣬³ɺӿͷҲû룬ЦѾͷֹǹѾߣֹǸֳͨ

Ļɫһٱ䣬ԶСʣ˭欣

ش𣬶ԶСһãԼѲ幫ǰٹѾʱ֣

ԶСһȻ򣺡次欣ѹĹͽ欣СүĻˣ

Ȼģͷֹһƣü΢幫ֹǺֳͨңΪϧײҵ

ݬBҵĴȴǲţֹﲻţݬBӴҲš

ݬḄλ£Ҳܸɳ£οû˼еġҡ

ЩҪ˸ҴС˵幫ݬBͨټһֺη

Сϵ㹻û뵽˵Ļӻơ

βֹɫ䣬ǰֹλѵҹҲ׷ױȰһ˸ǴԲЦСүǺȶˣšţ

˵żĻ˭Ҫ䣬үº֡

ݬBҵĴԣ۲ͻ׿ڷϹֱκβ֤ݣտҥĻô˵˵˵ѣ۵ֶӣҲ

ңͻ׿ڷϹ֮ٹ֤ٹҲ˵ˣ󴫣ŻᣬֳôݬBҵҥͲơ

С֪Ǹȴڴʱ£ⲻҥʲô
ҥ̰ǿҪɱͷģ

ʶͱƾʴȫ֪˻һлֻˣѵв棬Ĳ⣺û˵Ķʵһлû˵꣬ҩ

ϴΧסӸֱһƽΣֹ˵

۵ֶӣǿɲǣһ⻰۶У⣬ȴпҪͷ

˿ȥʱԶСȴյԭλеҡȣͷƣò

-

ֵǷ꣬۹Ȼ罪²⣬մŭֹ״£Ҫ̵ʱھʼٸߡ

¹Ҳֻϧҵˣȴѳһʬס

幫Сһʱѵһʱ׷ҥߣֻϧһϵʱԾ

ŭİ

ӵϥأݵϢŭ³ԭ취⣬ٹ¥׿֤ʵ£幫ңй幫ĴԲŻһֱѹȥϡ

ո˵˭ʼٸѱڣŭգӵĻŭɶ

ӴĿٹӣ

һѽϵĴʲɨڵأڼ̴޿ͣϹ޵Ůҥ֪ӹؽگգ޵ҥ죡

Ӹȥۻûü̫鷿

ʵôţԶԶľ˵̫ǹػһƽϢŭ𣬲⣬ȴ֪幫ֵ˾֪¼Ů٣ʵ۴δ¶߻ӵĻ£

۰ĿŹ̫󣬰ΣζЦˣԭĸ󡣡
̫װͿüʲô

Цҡͷг˷ŭ֮ȴǸı

С̫ƫ׵ܵܽԽٰݣȴΪϿ
ô࣬ôϣ̫ܷλ֮⣬ϣĸܶ࿴һۣĽ׶۰
ϧˣ˵һƫˣٶı΢϶ԷֻᵱȻ

ѹ̫֮꣬ȴʼսɵǿҿĸֵС

Ѿٵ̫ٿصľżˣ΢΢ЦţĵĵͷĸԼǣҲⴻҪ顣

̫ԭΪۻԭΪҪ֮ǰһſڿĵȰû뵽Ȼô׾ͬˡ
΢ɣʵôΪ
ЦºͣȻֻȱ˲޵Ļʶ¶ǣǲ޽߻Ӹ

-

ı̧ظʱ¾˲õԤУ̽ߵС˽˹ϸʡ
꣬Щ˻ȥ
˵ƣǰҵĻ߷𣿡ȻŭҲС˽ģ¾ͽ˽ϳȥ

û뵽ԼؿƿһҲ˵ԼĶӾȻתͷͱô¨ӡ

֪·ͬСɣ˱׼
û뵽ûüãѾʮ룬ӿ

֪Ϊɫɷףȴǿװ򶨣ŭ⣺󵨿ͽסǶȿɴ

ȴǲΪȻعЦ
ɫһü΢΢ʹֵĳΪָʹһΪԷʥ⣬ǷϿͣ׽ӣѲɳҪּ

䣬ߵĽѾ߽Ժ׽ȫǰ赲ļҶԺ볤ŭ⡣

ﱻʱȻ֪£ȴܲסȥ
ٹϻظʱͱߣҲ齡

ٹһʱȴææٹǰˣӺ͡͡½Ͱͣŵ˿ڛĭֵӺ幫ˡ

ٹ£˲ͱЦǻΪǣҳʲôˣô

ȥߣٹĻȴǲΪȻķԲӣΪǹΪ˶磬֮Ҫ幫ˣǲܰ幫ǰΪ˵ûһ档

ٹɫס

ǰǸڳ幫Ǹ޸ĸ
һʱͬݬBؾпô˳¼ϻȥͶжƾʲôҪ

ʱҲȻתѣʲô̽˱̽ĸ󡣡

ٹع齱ߣԣĸ˵öԣݬB幫̫
û֮ǰǲ˵̫ﲻǰֵòɢҪǻΪ·ǨŭǸǺã
ЦҪҺǻˡ

Ȱ費ɣֻų׼

û뵽ʱݬBȴδȥڴƷ裬ڵų

һֻǾû뵽ҪȥݬBȴЦĸ׿Ҫ̫

ݬBȴأԵϧ뿪ฮʱǡﴫϢ˵̫üȥǼˡ





74.  ѧ׷   ȥӴ롭

ʮ

ǰ̫ʱ, ˻úõģ彡ʵĺܣôܵ˼
ݬBĻ, ҲţֻǹٹЦġ

ɫ԰, ȴư΢΢̧򦣬Цɸǲͬ, ˻̫Ϊϵս㣬̫Ů, м֮

䣬ֱͦű, Ĳȥ
ǸĿ欼ݬBٹȻв欣ȴǰ, , 泤ȥ

ȻҴҸϽ֮󣬲ŷݬBԲ٣ȻŮ̫
̫ʲôȻٹȫû뵽ԼȻһᱻٹſڡ
ٹſȫǴ, ˽⣬вٽ۳ӲʩգԲŶ롣

£ܿʹ۶С
̫Цǰĳ¹

, ¹ףū̫ҽԺ˵ʱָʹʱȥ˺ü̫ҽ˴̫ӦΪӶ

ۺشЦʽȻ͸ĸһﶼƲޣ޵һ֮޵Т˳ȻֻҪĸ󿪿ھΪΪ޾͵ñһӣ

Ϣŭ¹æأ׼ֻһʱļũ
ϣ
¹亹䣺ūڡ
ּ⣬ٹ޷δҥһﵱնжűŮū澡

¹ʱ͸ԣƢζϧرۣ˫΢΢£ŵּ

Ϊشһ棬⣬ӣگ䣬ּ⣬κ˽Բ̽

ٹΪٰھ񲿵ȥٹŵҶ޲ˣ
۲֪ʱѻصǰһ˵һɷдš
²λȥ֮λٰ֮λٰݬB֮

ھ̵ǰ޵ּ⣡˵꣬뵽ʲôֺһ棬޻̰ɣű߽Ϊū÷ǣ

ǰȨƲ㣬ټ̫⡢̫ں̫󼰳ĸܣһˣôҲѾ˵ùˣʺ̫ӵѡûа취Լȹ̡ȨҪҪ̫Ӿһ仰¡

ǻʵۣĸӼλĸӼλҲôű˵ɫ¡

۴˾٣ǽܲˣȥȫû뵽Լ˾ٷ׼ŭۡ
аûڣȴǲϳԼ˴ľһУƾһ֮گ̳
ʼղϼ

޷ԼľӪȻ׾ͻһֹɷλӵ֮λˣĪͻصݬBϡ

ٰţԼֹٶǣڵĹ֮λûܱסΪһ

ٹһ£ٴҰ𾪣ԭ˽幫ˣᶼᣬٴβʹ죬˳

۴˾٣󲿷ݶݬB֮У欵ٹ뼤ŭʹڽǣȫû뵽۾ñĻ

ݬBͷ֮λû뵽תתô֮꣬λȻֻصϡ
ûоܾԽл
֮λģԼƭŻŪԼУ˵οǶǼ١

欿Ŀģҹѵ˽ĻУЦεεʣһ߸Ļ¾ް𣿡

ݬBС𽥰ȥȴû֣ﻰﲻ½ƽ˵ٰ볤
ܿͱ°ͣס죬Ϥ||Ϣȫ֡
˳׺Ȼʮ׽ȴδйĶ֮|ʱ欺ܿͺ
ȵȡ
ݬBɫŨһĶһѾʹӴѹ£㹻Ƽɡ
ˣСȻͼƿȴް֮⡣

˶ƤֻǴ⺦ˡ

ݬB͵һЦ׾ٵؽסضסĴ
޹ǵС֣νۣ֮С
֬񽥽컨ʤա

-

̲оƲҲԸۏˮ֮ǰӴĺλʺҲܶ˵ȫ޼ƿʩһȰ£幫ۡ

ū澼ӦŵǴ÷ƺȣֻЦӯӯ幫һˣūҲ֪ȥˡ
ɫ΢޷ȥȱǡ

÷裬ؽӭ˽ȥû뵽һȣֱڶݬBظ
û˵¾ýĹ½ǰʹһ١

΢΢ǸЦʵڶԲס幫ǰϢ˵үҪฮտ޷Ӽ

˲ͱЦȥ
ȥӼݬBݬBɱȴ÷Ӧ࣬Ц崺磬˵ڵ֮ʸȫ

ĸÿ治ʱ幫ҹȾ˷纮ողҩѾ˯£˵ҩ֮Ѱ˯޷Ӽĸףδĸǰȵòͷذɡ

ļ٣̫ˣʵֲϼһܵܽҲԸУܶ
Ҫû취ˣݬBǰû뵽𽵹󣬾ȻŶ
δ˱ΪΪ˲ŭۣҲֻǿŷŭȥ

ֱεţȻ欣ףݬBǹⲻԼ
ֱըһᣬֱĸ˳һ档

û뵽ǼˣҪ欽ϽһУһʱȴһǸεʱ˵£ųš

ɫ΢䡣

βǴĳ幫ɵùǶǵĻߣ幫Ժ⣿ѲξܼΪ˱ձ֮𣿡

欻ڣݬBѵЦĸԣ˶Ϊ幫֤޴¡

ͽʣ欽˵ҲΪݶ飬Ȼ֪һ¾Ͳı䣬ǶϱԸ飬ʵǶηĴ̫ء

ЦԼǷǲ壬ŻŮĻ欺ݬB

뿪ʱѾ˵û뵽ʱ֮ǰһپܼĺλʺȴǰ

˵Ķûɾܾλʺֻλʺ֮𾪡

Ǻμҷ̫λ̫λõȶã̫ʮżλǵگʮꣿ

λʺѾһû̫ӣȳΪ˷½ƽλ׶ӶŹ
Ͼ¹ӣôû˵Ĳ

¹ĺӵȷǺλʺµ֣ǹ̫¹ó裬ݲжӣŻֳȥӼӣ£һʼ䲻֪飬֪ʱҲû˵ʲô

ۿԵߵʵֻԼΪ˻ȨΪƽ⾩иܷ£ֻҪûյǶֻҪȴλȨԽԽ࣬װơ

λʺŵյһڣЦЦʮôãֻҪԸ뱾֣֮ǰܳɡ

ŵؿͲҽ¸߻ϣ
̫μҰ٣λʺкο£

οǳλʺʮܷζһֱگ֮С
μҪ£֮£λʺֻ֪дпܰԼŻֱʱڡ

㻹𣿡λʺ΢Цִ½ƽִ̧¼ҵݣŻ幫ٰ۳裬ܻݣｫһֱ£ȥ˵

߬ӣָЩ͸ġ

λʺЦٶһ̫ӵǻֹٰ֮λܶ
ɫȻҡ
֪̫Ϊλͻüλʺ£ֽ˵ΪʱһĶ
ͫٿҡΣôܣϿĸ̥ʮģôĸֶ

-

빬ʱɫ㲡
ʵ̫ģôĳͷȴˣת
ݬB次
Ц
ѲΪֻҪϲ˵˾ͲЦ欣

ٴһΣҪȴԼĵܵܽ

-

ǰƽٰһͻ磬㷢뾩ӵܡ
յʱЩף֮ǰηƽɢƽȴصط

ݬB֪̾ƽʲô
޷ͻϿѿŻصط

ǲȥôƽŮ̸ʣʲô˵ڡȥˣƽȻĿŵ欣ɹЩ̽ζĿѿѡ

ݬB⽥䣬ܿͽƽ次
΢΢һװŭصһۣ㶼ҳףΪޣƽȻΪ㣬صؾٰⳡͻ磬Ϊ˿Ц

ǲҲᣬֻݬBʱʱͳĴףÿλฮɫѿòлװһδףȻ׷Ź

û뵽ݬBȴǴЦһѽ
㡢ʲô

ȻݬBΪ֮˾͹͵ӣȻˣȴ⣬һһڱͷԵβտɲٱڣ̾Ŀ

欶ѵóԴףҪףһݬB죬Цŵͷѵˮһڡ
ǵõı
欿ܲĿ⿴ԼĪرۣӦǡ

-

ҹվǽˮ
˯ǰݬBϲ˿Ƶģκ⣬ӸСġ

ʱѻøɾѣſУ֬ѩԡеƯķۡ
ݬBƿϸ˹
дķȻ΢΢һ

欲Σգ̽
ݬBεĵͷüһģ΢ƵɤǶ֪ˣ㡣

ƽͻԾǸ磬ݬBȻԸǰЩŮƽƷ㡣
ȥҲл˵𣿡
Ҳܿա
ݬBΪȻЦһЦģ欶Ľұǡ

ϴСʱݬBҲô˵
һֱ֪ǰҲУ˵ˣٴμݬB˴ݲȵģֻĪĵ⡣
ϲݬBԶһ̩ȻģĶţ֥Ⱦˡ

欷ɿһڡ
ݬBʧЦϸϵһأ欶ˣ

Σֱָҡͷۣˡ
Σ̲סа취
ݬBһЦ֣ûպ˼롣

-

ƽͻھУȻûǰ¼ҽȴûȱϯ
ȻҲ֪ƽʲôԭ˸ϯ˵欵Ĳǣ˱档
û뵽Ÿͷָ幫¼֮ǰֹݬBͨңǰ̧־һ˦ȥ

ٹ䱻ΪλĿ֮λȴҡݲƽͣƽʱҲΡ
˼붯ַ֣Ƿͻʱѻȸ

ðΣƽŻعһεʣοôˣúõģôͶִˣ

̲ĿһֳۣСҥԣڸͣŻŭ˾گƣھΪһʱ֮죬ֹԼǻۼˡ

ƽԣ˺ðΡ
ΧҲһʼͷӶ
οԺ⣿Ѳݶӵ˵ĻǼٵģ
ݶӵʱȷȵɾҲƾ޹ʾԼֳŶԡ
ˣοղΪ˵ݶֻǡڸ͡

˾ɲ֮ʱȻ̧ܣɨڳĹŮ

ò˵˵ģм񳤹˵ʱһݣƽãڽմЦ幫һĹŮĵͷȥ

Կһۡ

ʱֽ˵ˣҴûйʲôң幫ҲݸѾߣһһֳһگǾͼҽʱһһ浽ָʹǰȫϡ

˵ʱͺȵǲ壬ȴǵξδմټ֮ǰ·ʱٹҲʼշϣ˻һڣٶ֤ʵﵱȫš

˲ɵƽɫؽһԣʵĸѵû㣬ҽͻĿôܰѾͷ˵㵽ôˣ

뵭Ҳǰ˵ʵʵ˵ʡһҴ
ƽ죺ΪݬB
벻ٶ˵תȥ

޸УԭҲ
ǰݬBеǰò

СŮģ꣬ĸ׽ʱԼʮ̫Ӹ۸ĸ֮ĸȴο̫Ӹֻڸ档

뵱ʱСȴҲ֪̫Ӳڸ棬Ǹ棬ôƽ޹ʳȹϣֶţ
ʱίˣĸȴֻ»С

һգ̫ʱˤˣȴΪһ״浽ǰ۴С;̫ӺܿͰ˷

֪мȲƽ⣬һȴƽʱԼݬB

ݬB귽ʮģĸŮĶԻ֪뱻̫۸󣬹̸֮󣬳ǰѵ¶ŭɫ̫۸

һʼ߳ŭƲֳȴɷ˵ڼպıԳϽ̫Ӻһ١

ڻӼӵ̫ܶѧ̫ѧΣƽʱҶ̫ӣĶº֣ݬB಻⣬һΣȴݺ̫һ١

Ȼûٹȴ˽ݬBһ٣ֱӼҷźݬBʮ±ӣһƬѪģ
ûˣݬBΪʲôҪ̫ӡ
ȴֻΪá

뵱𾪵˵

ĸ״СŮΪݣʵȴ䲻ȣͬͬĸֳΪĸŮ̬ȣӲ̬

ԼҲ벻ĳʱͷģȻСͱֳͬĸĴ硣

ʵԼԼ֪ݬBãܿܲĵģҲں幫֮ĴΪԼĸף븸׵ĿధɲϵǰΪ˵û

Σ̫ʱԼĸ׶ϰֻڷܣ»СֻݬB档

֪֪ԼյΪ֮󣬶ҪȴѾ̫⡣

֪ĸֻĸͲŮεƴεŬҪεĸףԼĸҲ࿴һۡ

ˣֺα˱΢Ļġ

-

¼ҽöά˵
ô֣ƽͻҲ첻ȥ
뿪ͻֱ֮欸ۡ

ΪԼƽСϵĴԣǼΪ𾪡
ܿ׹϶ݬB˽ҹ롣

ݬBƻָò֮󣬾ֱ۽ȥǰ¡
ѳףȻٴСã֮Ǳ߹ظ漱ǵݬBս
ڼ۵ٴηйд¼վͽݬBٽԸ˴߻ҡ

ˣݬBæǻʱظ
ʱʹתбرˣǰԷԸòˡ

ϵĲ˶ԵģһֱΪݬBʳֱǰŷ䲻ʳҲر𰮳Եġ
նԼˮȶڼĹ⡣
ȫ⡣

ǰҲϲ⣬֮ͻȻ˿ζϳزˣ֮ǰݬB˴⣬˶õò࣬ŷĵó׼Щɫ

ţݬBƼɫ欶صΪ׼ģ
лϲ
Ц䣬׼ЮһˮȶͺذŻֹ

÷նʱæһӰ欲죬һСı
ݬBɫȥӴ

θܵȴҲû³ʲôܿ׹ӦԼ⡣

ݬBȴǻûӦѾ˽
ȴ뵽ʲô΢΢ɴۣͰ͵ʣĪˣ
˶׳һ£

ݬB£ӹһĨЦ⡣

ң֪欻źӣȴһʱңȫû뵽пǺϲˡ
ݬBװ𾪵欵ļ磬ͷĶ䣬Цʣ𣿹𣿡

˱ٹգٽһͨϣû뵽ôһ˳ǵ⡣

欲ݬB滰ٻſϲЦݣ˺ðβŷӦЩ˵֪⼸ŵζ¡

üЦûˣŵζ£ﻳŹʱҲ϶ǻϺˣ

ںܿͱ˹Ūô֮ζĿݬBһۣЦеϲ幫ϲݽ幫ȷϲˣ

欼˵ɷн£Ǹ˵Ӳɵ죬һЦ
ݬBͷβ֣ȫεЦ⡣

ʰҩ䣬Цӯӯؽݽвһ£֮ǰͻȻ֮ǰɶж֮񣬻ݽμġ

裺ӴģҪǽˣū϶ֹġ
ͻȻɵĵ˵ͷԣǶúȰġ
СˣЦݬBһۣˣ

ݬBǰЦݽСЦ̡





75. [] ѧ׷   

Сͨ//ѧ׷

ʮ

ʮ´, ݬB欲С㵽ΧҲﲻֻܴӪء
ԭͬݬB, ϲ֮󣬵ü, ζЦ£˳ײһ£ôϲˣ

ݬBЦ, ΢˼£ǴӦ

̫̫̲ι˶, ͢Ʒ粨𡢶ҰĻ̡̻
λʺ֮ǰųķ̫Ӵ, ڴʱͷڵ£ԽԽ̫ӸͲǲأǱĽ

̫û, ֮λҪ, ǰϲľ½ƽһ
ڻӼ䱳ĸȻƲܡ

ιμұ֮ԽԽ, ҶϳЩƽʱʵȴμҽõġ
۴ȨգҲѵô೯ɣڲòǰϦ̫ӷų, ǰࡣ

̫ɫȷǰֽ۽ǴѪ߼·ͿʼĿֱ

λʺģЩȥ
֪ĺȴû뵽ȻĸҶ̫֡

̫ӱĽǰǿ׳ǱιԶ.ҩڴˣƫƫ̫ҽԺ˶Ǳڰ㣬۽ĸ̫ҽ˵Ϊ̫ǰһµĲպϸ޴󰭡

㸸ʡ㸸ʵ׶ιЩʲôλʺǰ̫Ͽ⡣
̫Ӵɫ΢Ƿ࣬λʺĻĬãΣؿڣĸ󣬶ţλͩ

˵ʲôλʺ̴ϣΪ㲻ܻ𣿲Щ˺Ҫ½ƽϴλһǺμҶһ

ֱ̫𣬳عǣȴЦñȿ޻ѿ
ǣĸЩȴҪμе̫˵㺦¹ӣ½ƽĸнգ

λʺ󲻸ŵĿ
Щ£һֱصúܺãδ߹̫ӣΪλͻȻ֪
ΪԼôΪμҩ
ǡ̫ͻȻЦ

λʺһ̫Ӳȴĵģܿ졣ܿĸʱٲĥˡ
̫ɫҲ֪Ľ便ʲôĥأ૵ˡ

λʺ󿴵ó̫Ӷ־ȫٴٳ
̫ԲѣƽǸЩ£ͱͶ·ֻѡμ֡

-

μҵȷڴ˴ʱ֣ڳİ£һнеʮ˳

ڶֹ࣬кɣڻӹ󳼣Χϣƽʱػ۰ΣĽ⣬ݬBԴǧʿ

λʺһʼĲһʱֻûôʿС

ȻʱμǼϣòںλʺһ֣һǰȼ¶һºȻ٣ϴ̿ͼԱ

ֻҪϳ䲻⣬ȡʱִ٣̫Ӽʱӱ߹ظϻμҾӦϣҲûޡ

ȴ룬Χʱ䵥ˣ̿дʱȴڸʿΧƣһͷûʧܡ
μͼԽдɱ׼ı֤֤ڣس̫֮ӻ˸淢ı.棬ڶѳۺڣٿĪ硣

һΣȴٴ䣬ֱֹӷϳ̫֮λȦ乬֮У˴ξμ֧Ҳ̣ȫ˴ųն

죬ʷȰ䣬ȴֱó̫йʹʿ֤ݣֱ̫ӷͷһı֮ģŲòʹ˼ʹ·̫֮١

۴˾ٿ˵úμҴֲ֤ٶȣ֮ǰйдһһޣȻб

λʺǰµذס籣۷̫ӳȻΪýμһ򾡡

μıƽʱλʺܵỤ̊ȫƵǹĳ಻⡣

ٹΪٰ֮գһ󲡼գòòȴٴӿһһŵĽȵ׽й֮޲

˻ʵگԻӻƵϺϽᵳӪ˽ͼı֮飬⣬ӣڱɽΪᡣ

ٰ޷ݶţΪƽ䳤񻤼й֣Ϯ丸λΪٰű߽Ϊū÷䳤ŮݶῤţΪƽ񡣡

ٰԴʧɫþò
ǲĸ׻ֺ᷸Ϳ¡
ʥּΪߵĴ̫¹Ҳ޷

񴣬ҲǰٰڳʱŵǰΪ벻Ҳ˵ˣٸһʱ䣬Т˳ҵĻ뷽跨ȳģΪʲôҪһУ

ҪЦЦʣǲ֪ʢ֮⣬Ϊ
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һһƳȥβȣֱײȥټٰտյȺĽԶȥ

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ճΪᣬݼҳݬBһ֮⣬ű߽ǱΪƽ񣬸˶˼
һʱ֮䲻ϵǶݼһ棬ǿķϣŶݬBһ档

˵Ӧݴ󽫾ôΪҴսϿ϶ǿݽΪҴµѪŻһ档
ҿӦݽΪ߻֣幫λΪĹϵŻд١

´֣巼իǰ۷׷ס

ô˵ͲˣΪݽһǵÿˣ
˵ˣ򡭡

ԭͣ巼իԲԶƾɵľͷÿӹСϣ巼իʳ֮󣬻С

ǰУתС

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˴ʱ׼ʥлн·巼իʱ欺Ȼ˵ҼźݬBͣ£巼իŶʳ

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ȴڼ䣬˵ۣ欲ɵЦʣݴ󽫾أ
Ůһ¹װп棬΢С֣Ц

ݬBʹüۣѻĳͶǳǳӰĽëܳβ˵ĻȣһЦ⡣

һߴʳУһЦȻ幫Ϊ飬д١

ƵָʳҼľףҨһףյ欴ǰ
欱ĻشЦҪֽӹݬBȴǰһԡ
Դ˳֮ͱͶιϰߣҲ飬Ц졣
Ѹӿֱ|ͷ

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Цĸǣձ˵ˡ
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ݬBףģġ
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۶ĻشȻ⣬ƴЦúúã޹Ȼûпˡ

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빬ã׼Сܿϵ˳ʱر¡
ݬB½ƽԿһۣʵΪ幫ݣ˴ݣ

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ϻû˵꣬ͱһ΢ϣСӼ裬˴󷢴ȱٽҽݡ

£ҪڣݬBȴЦϣԽ͵ҽݡ
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ݬBʲôķȻӿʹ
½ƽĬĬ˦ȣסҾͲ
Ŀһۡ
þܵҲڡ


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ݬBȴˣ˱ԼǿĴȣ°ͱȵ.ļѣܲɷֵ̬һ顣

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ݬBľ磬ͳɤ΢ƣ欶ɻ÷Ҳ飿
ٲҲԲԣĬƬ̣ҡͷЦôأǷ׷ǹʣ˳Ǻ⣬֮֮С

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ķȻ侲ȴ벻Ȼƽȴࡣ
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Ե޹ݼϣĸֹѴ̻ٿĪ磬̫ŭμŭѵĸ㱻˴

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ݬB
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䣬ҪͷúÿССȴѾȲС
ݬB΢΢һ£һţҲ±ԼһױЦͷգޣһˡ
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ȴ̫ˣʵֹסˢˢ
ݬBΣһѽ˴ᱧһߣһͺ壺ٿޣֻҪˡ

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