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һʢ飩
ߣʮ

 1 


һ
˼ﻺѣͻȻ˻ԿǷ̧ۣסԴ
ôΪλеʹ
ǵ̨Ԩ˲ǡ
ŵģˣһϲõȥֻһĸ˶һʲô첽ǰ
ǡûüڵʻȻܽвļֹס
̧ۣŴЦллأŵģˡ
죬ҩˡԭж˵ҩ
˼ĵ󱳵һʵͷ
˼мؿһȴŨҩζѬ
ֻһںҩǰֱҪøѵŻ
ҩ£µζ
סΨҩˣߴȺȡ
˼￴Լ壬üһںȵ
סŻµĸоˮ
Ͻݸ豭˳ȡ롣
˼ڣǻĿɬҩʵ̫Ѻˡ
ûʲôˣŵģúϢʲô½ū
˼ͷʾ֪
뿪˼ǰһСǳɫᣣܣķıڷױƺһͭױ̨ǰһźľ齣һӵŮӹ뷿
İŽⰻȻ˿˿͸Ʈĩ⡣
ղŴܽеļԭɵţûɣȵΪʱ޵ӣֻ֮ۡһ
Ե֮ǹռͽܣ̳ɣϾԭʣӲࡣ
ԭ˽ŷɥĻ˶ֻܻͨʮ꣬ÿĽʹʮ̡
ԭǰżԭʦһһӳѶʮ꣬ʱ䡣
ܿϧԭûܳŹεĻԭˣ괩ԭ
ǡɣԭһҲΪſԻ괩ԭ
Ρ
ԺȻһĻе
ϵͳ
ʲô˼һ£ͻȻ崻
ԺеĻеڼ
ִһΪ꡷С˵УȻŮޱޱȣΪʦ̵ɲţΪţɳΪһɡ
ɣɳһ
˼崻һʵĻΪĴԽʱˣһС˵磿
ʵҲ
֮ǰԵ޹ʱ̨ʱһվ̨ңеԶͻȻһ󱳣ûзֱ׹䣬ˤԴһ·Դѿھʹ
Ըܹ»ҪӰϧ
Ψִϵͳ
ֻȻʲôʱ֡
ŵģ뿪ٴŽ
˼׼´Ӷסʲô𣿡
վǰЦܼҽʱ¶ǿԴ˻ſܿԸͽܡ
ͽܣ˼ת룬Ȼˡ
Ǻãȥ
˼Ҫ´æ´£ױһǰ¶
ܼҼ˼ˣϽӭǰ˵ţū¶ֵõͽܣΣ
ҿ
˼̧ȥܼұת뿪š
߽ЩĿһС·ÿԭͷ񼸰ûϴһţһЩһֲѣܿԭͷҲû㣬ֻƼݣ˫
һ۶Աȣܶ˶ϲڶϱȽϸɾĺӡ
˼Ҳ⣬ҪŪ˭Ȼ
нС̧߽һʱǰ˾޵Ϊǵһο˺ÿˡ
һϮѩȹ˿üԶɽѩĿǣȻǵ촽ֱŮ·ɰʥַ
˼վǰĿ⿴ȥʲô֣
ָһϱȽϸɾĺӡ
ǸӦҽȻ·Ҫ콱ĺӡ
Ȼ˼µò
ֻͨעĿΪǹ⻷
˼ָָԵСأ
Ҳ֪ʲô֡Ȼתͷһ⡢һԵСص
˼ʱɻˣ㲻ʶ𣿡
·ʶģû˵Լ֡ȻҲ֣Ϊʲôûи֣
С壬ȫ⣬ؽֵؤصĶס˫ۣ飬ֻиѵĴס͸¶˺ܽš
̲ס˲ϧ
˼ǰС̫ΨжӣŶϸָסС۾ͷû뵽¶һ˫ˮͫƯþˡ
ŮӣֻŮôһ˫ˮͫ
ǣкӡȻԾ
˼תͷϺۣס
ʶó׵һСû뵽ࡣȻԿţ˼پΣΰ̧С֣ԼҲ
С˫һضʱһ߬ѩ׵Сšһ˼Ϊ˵
ʲô֣˼
С۾һգգû֡
˼˼վȻСǸȻɵģ˲֮ǾͶ°ɡ
̧ͷǡÿһ޻ǿĩʢ뵽һ֡
ǰС˵Ե֣ɵţӽΪͽȻҵҵӣ㡭˼ǸСֻС˫סĵһԺգͽ筣ҵĹŵӡ
ʣʱ䲻ֻ࣬ͽܸոպá
һʦɡ˼Ц
Ȼȴʦ
Ų촽ҲеʦֻȻס˼ܹ¶Ц⡣
ӴԺͽܣҲˡ
ϵͳôʦɫ
ȻǸСһ˫Ư۾ڿ·һߡҲһͬʡ

 2 


ڶ
СܼҰųסɵĹܼңɵ£ǸҺʵۣҶ
˼ｫСʱƾջͽˡ
˵˼ɣ˶Ʈ㡣
ԭʦڵʱͽܡ
ʦѩʦʦ˼
Ϊֻʣ˼
£ôӶʮǰ˵
һºڷ֮ҹƾɵﴫһޡ
ԭһ׵ĽŮħͷڶҵʱˮˣȲһ۵һŮӤ
ŮӤǺ˼
ҹ·ȨӤޣһһϢŮӵͣ½Ų߽
һȻɱ˲գ۵ŮħͷٻѪУһ޵ŮӤ
ٻۣƳ߽æʹסŮ
ҪɱɱŮųݻ̧һȴɵȨ
ô㣿԰׵ûһ˿Ѫɫ
ϷɼҪԳΪ٣Ҳ֮УҲΨһûжֵɡ
һֱٻΪУϵɵţǸ֮ˡ
㡭Ȩ˵µĺӽô졣
ֻʣһţЩҽȨٻӡ
ٻҲ֪һڿɬɱڶ࣬޹ģƽҪңܰҽ͵ĳ֣ƽ𣿡
ץסһݵضȨȨĿ΢΢ʹܿȴֻǡ
ӵĸأʵ
ٻȻһһ˲ϵģ
ӵĸסǺܼѵ˵˵һ·ȥ
ŮӤޣڼž䡣
ȨͻȻӦµṦԾĶò±֪׷ɱŮħͷĳҽҪ١
ٻȨһν֣ĳҡ
ȴٻͻȻµֹͣ
Ȩ̽Ϣû˺
ףסﱧµŮӤ
µĶԽԽȨ첽뿪ּʱСԪɵлһ
лһһ£˵һȾʡ
ȨӤ޳˲
ʵ˭ĺӣ
лһ׷ɱٻĳ֮һһ֪ٻµĺӣӵѱ
Ȩֻõĺӡ
лһһŶ
ôϱźӳ
ҵļ¡˼㲻Ҫʡ
Ԫԩ޳ѰcȨѴ
Ůħͷ𣿡лһһ̬˫ȴס
ûСȨܿشºĵ̫׷ɱٻһԽԽ࣬ӻڵңĳȸˡ
лһûǿѣûֹȨȥ
ǸӡлһԶԶȨȥӰ죬תͷǰߡĿֻһɱŮħͷٻĹһ¡
ȨûнŮӤȥĳ֣ѡŮӤ¡
Ϊ˱˷ٻµŮӤȨĺӣӵͬ⡣
ΪĺΪ˼죬˼ǲҪԼĸס
˼꣬ҵǱлһݡ
лһǱҪ°
Ȩֹ
ôٻ
лһߡһ˵˶ǸŮħͷˣҲޣ
³ޣɣ

Ȩ޷Ȱлһֻܷһлһ
лһ书߳ȨܵУܿȨ
ȨסԼؿڣһѪ
һգлһǿ°˼
˼ﱻŻɣѳͤͤʮŮ
ȨΪлһɱٻŮûУǰˣͻ
Ƿ˼ﱻ˻
һʲ֪лһһǰ֮ǰ͵͵˼ͻɣû뵽ǾȻһŻᱳͻص;У˼¶
Զӣʮ
ȨöԲ˼ûкúñֻ˻
ÿ˼ﻨʱʹġ
ʹ֮°Լӳ˼֮御
ʦĸҲȥ
ûɱø塣
ʦѩͶʦǼĹ¶Ǿ˼ﺦǵʦ
Ȩǰһöָ˼˼ӴԺΪɵš
һҪŵѩз߿ΪȨӦý֮λ˼
Ͼ˼Ůħͷ֮ŮǷɣˮݣôܵɵţ
˼ָľѳۣѳɶ֣ѩ߷߲ƽ뿪ɣ˼Ϊɵš
ϲѩ׷ѩӰҲһͬ뿪ɡ
ɱģ塣
Դѩ뿪˼ﾭһ˴ÿÿʦʦĸƣĿտյ޴ŵء
𽥵ģһ˱õˡ
һεĻ
ʵܹ˼ɳ󣬴Сʦĸ׽ٻȻǽŮħͷϾĸףÿҪݡ
걻°֮лһһεԺ䣬һ˰ꡣлһʱһ˶
֪Ϊʲôлһ°ûнɱǰκҵ
лһʱ򶨶͸ڿ˭
ʱĪĪɢݵϢ
һʮˣ޽ǾȻʼ˰׷
Ԫɶ෽ڲѻҲںܶҪȡлһ֮λŰɡ
˼ˣһܡ
лһһԺþƹԼ
ҹ죬˼û˯ţ͵͵վлһ
ǺǡлһžƿЦ
֪ԽԽˡԣҲԽԽˡҡͷԣ
һֺޣֵáôãΪʲôѵֻк޲Ǻʵĸ顭
ǲҲң޺ã޺ã㻹ǵҡ
ǺǡлһͻȻվˤеľƿٻΪʲôŮҲҵŮ
ءƿˤ
˼ͫȻ۾һգգضлһӰ
ȻٻлһŮ
лһʹᣬ˼Լķ䣬ڴޱסԼһֻԼӲеţ
صɵ˼֪лһ˻ÿηĥҪʦʦĸ֮ʦֺʦԼ뿪Ȼû˼ﱯͬʲôԼĴ
һŻѡ뿪
˼ݵһϣڵ˼ﻺ̾
ôãɵѡ뿪

 3 



˵𻨶ԭ˼ڵҪĻÿĽʹʮ̡
룬˼ȫʹ˸
ʲô취ƻ
Ѱ˼ŵģ֪ҩԡܲС
ҩķһ𣬾㲻ƻҲǿĹЧ
˼Ľ飬ÿյԡҩԡ档
ҩĴΪҩһ־ĹЧǿ
˼书磬ȨԴڸһžѧ
ѩΪʦƫ

ϴһСȻһ£ر筣۰׵Сݰףһ˫ˮͫ˷룬ѱ档
ɰƯС
ٿȻֱ޷ԱȡƼݣӪӡúãͻһ˫۾ܿԺüĿģҲһöС˧硣
ǵͶСȻʮ꣬签ꡣ
ȻϤǵİʦ񼴽ʼ죬˲࣬԰ʦʽ
Ҫǰʦ桢аʦʦѵ
Ȼһһݹɵʦүֱ㣬λǰ¹еԡ
Ȼ˼ﾴ裬˼˵һЩŹ桢Ȱ֮Ļʦͽˡ
ȹİʦ磬ǱʽΪɵͽܡ
ûбɹض࣬ϯϴҳԳԺȺȣڡ
Ϊŵ˼ﻹϯϣҶеŲ
˼ʶȤ̧뿪߻ԼԺʱաĽŲ
ͷһ
ɻôһ𣿡
ʦŴŴؽ۵͸
ʦ
˼һ΢΢ǣǸϧޡ
У˼кǰ
筶ʱüЦ⣬첽˼ǰ
˼Ժӡ
͵͵۲˼˼Զ
Դм֪ǸûûĹ¶
СؤؤؤСؤԻšεĶܹεİۣһڶ˵Ķ졣
һ·ĿĵεֻΪ˹òͽǰС
̫Įˣ˶ãǿƤҡ
̫ͯǵ꼻һ֣պϯһĳһ
·ȻɺϣȻһ˹¹㣬֪ģ߹ҪͬС
壬֪ɵĹܼңɣֱһˡ
ʵվſڵʱ֪һĨɫٻӰվâ̤֮ʱϲ֪㣬Ϯˡ
Ŀ͸صͷһֱ˵ʱ촽һһϡӡͷزܰƮǼ䣬ůҪԶӵС
һʦҪ߬ĨůҲԸ

˼筿ԼԺ䣬Ժ䲻м滨ֲǰ滨ʯʯʣв豭
ЩˣʯϣԼ筷ֱһ衣
Ǹոݺõľɽ룬ʱŲ
ʳӣĵķ˼⡣
û뵽ܵ׳ˡ
ɽĲɫζˬˣζ񣬴㡣
ֲ̾ȲˣҲúȣȻǺò衣
һԵ筺Ȳֲ裬һСڱ㲻ٺȣ˫ָϥϣһ˫ˮͫ˼
˼оĿ⣬ž֮εپڣܾҪ˵Щʲô
硭
ʦ
һϤ껹ûбࡣ
ȻϯϳԳԺȺһᣬ̧ͷʦˣҲˡ
æܼңܼҺȵú棬˸һɾãŻԺˣ筡ڰ֣ҾͲ֪ˡ
ȻеļȣӦʦֻ筴ʦǵһջʦĺøУҲҪʦߡ
ʦ
筹Թ˼ԣæܹ˼ע⡣
˼պúһ裬̧ͷȻôܹˣ
ʦҲߡ
Ȼǰһ˵˼ЦáˣôܣǲȲóԣϯ
ǶĽǰ˵ĻⱾ̵ķΧڣܸ
ֻ֮ûʲô˵˼㿪˻ͷ˵һЩ
Ȼ񣬲˼նе֪ʶ
ȻΪʦǸѵĻ

ϯһˮһ
ת۵˺ٽϦ
ڹ黹û䣬еĻеġ
һ磬У۵ɶڲԶҡ
յ̫ҫȴңůů˵ϣ紵ԭٵů⡣
ѧ֮꣬ʺ
˼·УŬӣο
ȼ˶ŷΪϦ׼һ־Υζ
ԴǰŲںɺܾûйһʽꡣ
ǰ˼У£š
ڵ˼Ҷ˵űˡ
ȻǸǰһٳ߶˽̸Ѿǰúܶࡣ
˲Ȥ»Цɵ»ܣͽܡ
һãʹٺܶࡣ
Լõŵģٷˡ
棿˾ϲ
档϶˵ҩԡ治գҲݣա
Ϧ֮ҹɵһҹ󣬴һһ̻û뵽ɽ¾Ȼ̻˼ֵ˺ü̻
̻ŵһ˲貶ĿȲִŵ̻Ϸ̻ĸо
ֵһƣޣһС
ţ㲻ʡ¡
طֹŵģôͻȻȾˣͽǰơ
Ϊ˼ҴñӺתš
һᣬűƿ
һ߽վ˼ﴲǰ״˫ų˯е˼
ΪʲôҪʦֻ֪ڴ⿴̲ס߽
ֻúÿһʦ
̻£ʦֻĺתӰȹѤʢ
̻𲻼ʦüۡ


ڴϵ˼ͻȻʹʹת۾
һֱע筷˼쳣첽ǰʦôˣ
˼˫һ㲼޷ǰˣֻʹÿҪȥ
촽޷˵ڱĺ鲻ϴӶͷ
Ұ׵ݣûѪɫĴʦ뼫ʹС
Īǡ
ʦ筲ܼʦٻԼ޲ߡ
Ӽתʲôܹƻ
˵ʦĻһҪһҩҪĿţԷҧԼ
筼ĳһȻ׼õĲţæȡСĵ˼ĿС
ֲС˼µ͵ˣСС筷ޱ˼ϡ
ʦÿʹһ֣;ԼԽûá
￿һ˸УøϽܼҡ
筲ҵܳŽܼңʷеһΡ
ܼҡ
ܼĺôˣܼʡ
ʦͻȻЩʣˣȥȾʦ
筱ϾǸʮɶ
粻ȻϽк֣ȥŷץҩҩ
ȻߵĶе̻Ҳ˹
һ۾ԲʲôҲˣֻͬʦʦ
˼оԼ˷͹м壬ȵĻգһأһˮпϢ
Ŀһ޴ĿӣѪϵһѵӲĿڣŵתиÿһ䡣
Ƥնѡ̡١ס󡭡ʮַ
ֱ賿ҩڰˡ
˹ʱ߬Լֺܾá
һվ˼ﴲǰ״˫۽סڴʹ಻˼
ԺҪʦʹ࡭Ժһֱص仰
ҩʦ
оѣӲȼǰ
ͲסĵȻûһļȥ
һһߣһż⡣
ȻعͷʱССʦǰ筺˼
ɶԼס˼壬筱Ȼƽڣ˼￿۵ļϣȵĺ籡ʡ
ʦӺأʱ筺ԼССһ
Ȼѷ˼ǯס򦣬˼ͱſ׼ʱٵذѴҩȥ
ȿȿȡ
˼ﱻȺһɬ˵ҩǺ
ڿоҲæס˼壬˼һȣѹڽ䴦
˼ƫ壬筵ҽ壬ŵһҩĿζͬʱоʦ촽شա
筲֪ģĺ
ҺڳȻûз쳣ܿطƫƵ˼筵
ٺ˼
Ҵ˼ıӣ̾Ϣһĺӡ
׼뿪ʱ筺ȻڷţпͽյòԼʦ
ǿԻȥϢˣǵʦԺ󻨶ٷοǡ
筲뿪ʦߣȴ
Ȼ˹ǷԭҪȥϢģ筻ŲΨʦĵһֻ筣ûпҲʦ
ȷҪʦüʵ
ҲҪȥ
Ҫʦ筺ܼᶨش
Ȼ˻شҲҲҪʦ
УǶʦĺͽܡΣֻ÷˼﷿ڴš
󣬷һֱ筣Ȼſ˯ˡ
վڴǰ״ǰڵϣһ˫ˮͫҲֲס˯ڴ齱ϡ
ܼҹʱһſ˯ţһſ齱˯ţûгǱת뿪
ͷźһϢɡ
ͬ⣬ֵС

 4 



˼ѹۣͷϵһȦȦе㲻֪Ǻա
תͷһźԴԡ
ǡ̧ͷֻȻſ˯ӡ
תĿ⡣
筣
û뵽һУԴٿһһ¶˯ѵĿɰǰ
һ˫ˮͫմˮԵ͸ҹеǣڡ
۾˼˼ˣЦԿʦ
Ȼ֮⣬һдć壡
ʦоʹ𣿡۾
˼һо絶ʡʵ̫ˣֲԭ˼ҪѰҲûɵġ
筵ĵһĨЦοΪʦڲʹˡ
ʦЦÿĬĬ룬ʦӦöЦЩ
ˣҪʦˡ
Ҫվȴ룬˯˲һһ롣

ôˣ
ʦˡüί
Сģ̲ס˷Ц
ʦ㡣
˼筡
վһ˼ʵûжҧ筡
վԼûзȵ͵˼Ļ
Դײؿڣײ˼
ײǸλáȿȣʵ̫ʹˡ
Һ˼˫סԼҪ˵ӣȻʦͽ˫˫ڴʵڡ
筻ǸСҲûʲôҪġ
ʦ筴̧ͷ˼㷢һ۵ϣˮͫˮҵӻ顭Ҫ޵ӡ
˼һͿֻõû£
˼ӣŻָ뿪
˼𷿼ڻһڣ̧ͷȴȻһ˯ӣôĶҲûг˹ˡ
վ˼ʦҽ
ȥɡ˼ס
ʶתȥȻ˯æҡȻ
Ȼ˯иӡûзӦô£ͱϳȥˡ
룺ŲҪȻһʦ
˼֪һ̾СС˶á衱
˼˵úܺãûʲô󰭣Ժټ֣˼ڰҩ¾ʹ˷ƪ
ټǰߡ
һ꣬Ȼʮ꣬ʮꡣ
˵֦Ѿٳɳֳų·⼸ȥĶȫڳϣһۣǵѾ߹˼˼Ŀһװˡ
ǿֲ꣬ôû˵ķôǿҵء
֪ڵ仹ܲٳߡ
˵仯ȻСʱƼݣɺԱůӯӤʣޣɰ󣬻кϢ
ȫ¶һԺڳĽü޸Ŀǣ˫ͫ񣬼Ͽбıݹòˬʮ㡣
˼ܵС˵ģȥҪȻôô֪ջһһŮš
筣ԭһ˫ѱˮͫٵһۣβ䣬۾ˮƵģ˺ܹԵĸоʱˮͫгζ˳ȴǸֻʮꡣ
ʱ䣬һֱܺ˼תܸ书˼︺ڹʱǣԭ˼Ҫʱ㡭
ŭѧϰúܿ죬ֽܺ˼Խ̵Լڲ֪ʶ
һḻǶ硣Уϲ书֮ǿ
ɵĶžѧ磬˼ֻڸȻ
ô꣬Ǽǵõϵͳ
ͬʱɵ֮λȻ筣ʱ룬뵽ֻһ书ʺ筡ṦΪʡ
̫ˣµʱ򲻹ˣûӦԣΨнȴѧṦڴ򲻹ʱܿߡ
ʮƣΪϼơ书ڸ˼á
˵ͽܣΪɵ˼ﻹԭģʱûκκۼоԽԽᣬʮʻļ
ԭ˼ڲһפ
ʱЦפֻС˵ô籾һС˵پûʲô档
Ȼפѧ
֪ûЧ
Ͼ֮˽֮
û뵽Ч˼ԼۻָУ˰ϧ֡
ÿԡҩԡֿܵ򶾡ȿȣȻֻǿŵ˵ֿˣͲҪ˵ֿܵˡ
˼ֱ֣˵ܵСȻǿŵ˵
ֻһ˻磬ȻܵС
˵ҩԡҪõĲҩ
ÿһʱ䣬ɼɽɼҩ
Ҫʦɽɼ
һʼ˼ܾΪǵʦǸ̵ǣôͽΪʦһЩػ
筶ʦʹ筶ܡ
۾ˮѣΣ筵һ˫һۣ۽ԴǳǳΣ֮ۡ
˼һһͿͬΪɽɼҩ
һҪ̫ۡ
ʦ筶ס
ָֻһԹԵģʵڡ
˼˵ԸΪģԸͻ̣߶ϲԼķڣ׳լŮ
ڸ̵ͽ飬ûкý̵ĶꡣԴͽܣΪȻʧƫģһͬʡ
ΨһƫĵĵطֻȻ̵ɵĶ书硣
˼ͻѪҪǰŵ鷿Դǰߺ鷿һֱţԿ˼ϡ
ǰŵ鷿˱Ƕһɻҳζ
鷿ֻǼ򵥳ܺΣ鼮иü۸񲻷ƵĴ
ȨǸϲղشˡ
߽ȥȻһȦ鷿ȻⲽԣĿĵϵ顣
һ鼮У鼹һ塱֡
˼鿪ɡ¶
򿪣дɵĴʼʷ
ɴʼ˶涨ֻš
뵽ǰֻڸԭ˼ﲻ޵
ʶ뵽ϵͳ񡪡Ϊš
شڸȻɡ
ϣԺ筲ҪᣬǶͽܣֱ⡣

筸մɽϲҩźòҩʦԺʱ˼վ滨¡
ǡʹ滨Щš
Я滨ҷ
׵ȹ滨Ϊһ塣
˿Ʈһ滨մȾʦϢ
ʦ
筲ƻʦĿֻ滨ֻĿֻ
Ǵ治뷨
˼תͷվԺſڣĿ׶üĿ⡣
筶ѽ
˼ܿĵػ筹
Ϊ滨ʢ滨ʢζԳԵʵ滨⡣
滨óԵ筡
ʦǱ֮ԡ
첽ǰոʦ滨⡣
ͽܡ˼Ц
ͽܵˣԵԹÿ춼áࡣ
ȻҲἸֲˣ˼ͬԣĳֻ筵滨⡣
֪ʹʲôӣ滨˺óԡһ򲻰ʳ˼ȻϳԹ𻨸⡣
Ȼ˼筣ʦأ
һ˼ȻĴ¡
Ȼʦҵӣȷʦ֡
һɽȥˡ
˼΢΢üͷôͻȻɽأ
ءʦ˵Ҫɽµ̡
²ܼôȻͻȻɽɡ
ʦ˵ɽƣԽܼͬɽ
ƣ˼ｫĿתϣ筶ɽô
ʦϲؽӻʦ߲ƣողΪ
Ǹͽܡ˼ĸο
ʱ֣ȻܼͬһˣֻһŮӡ
˼ţȥ
ϵͳΣŮ1ޱޱ֡

 5 



Ů1šҲ֪ΪС˵Ȼ滹Ů2šŮ3ŵȶŮš
ȻоΤС
ޱޱΪȻ
´ޱޱʼ˵𡪡
ޱޱµһΰǧ
СŽԿ׳ޱޱ簮ųȻŰĴСԸ
ڽϣܶ书Ȥ
ΰ治ͬѧ䡣
˵Ǯ𽭺֣ҪԼ䡣
ޱޱСŰԸ粻ΰĻӲѧ䡣
һ黨ޱ
ಡһסǰ˵Ĳʹء
ޱޱܸˣ̱ģ
ɵɽһСΪõΪ
ΰ洳ޱޱײ
Ůĵ㡪С˵еӢ۾ѣӢͦ˷ȶ
Ȼޱޱ˵޼ҿɹ顪ʳǵǧ׼شⲻ˽Ǯ͵Ǳȡ
ò¿϶ϧȻޱޱɡ
ޱޱȻɵˣȸԾظϽȻÿһϵδС㶼ܻϲȻϲȻ
Ȼһμޱޱе
ޱޱǸŵˣ֬Сұ÷ǳޣֱȻǿŴ֮ġ
һ볤üģ͹Ըص㣬þĶǡ
ܹȫǾǿָ
治һš
ޱޱȻ˼Ժ䡣
һܵҪ֪ʦ
ôоִϱҳĴһǴ
ʦȻš
ȥ˼ѸٻصԼԺӣһĮȻվ滨¡

ȻŽȥʦվ滨£ʦ֪پءĶȻˡ
ޱޱȻ󣬽󿴼һϮȻ˼
û뵽ȻʦôᣬôÿͬΪŮ˵ޱޱЩʡ
ʦȻֱվ˼ǰ׵Ӵһ޼ҿɹŮӣΪһ˵ߡ
˵Ҳ˾Ͳͻȥǰɣ
˼ЦЦ
šͷ׼ˣ˭λ޼ҿɹŮδأ
Ȼϲ⣬ԭΪ˽̸ʦǲϲİ˻ʦӦˡ
ܼҰλŮס޵ĵطɡ
лʦ
ˣʦޱޱ
ޱޱһѴ˼һᣬȻԼ֣æǰҾŮޱޱš
򡱵δС㻹ǶһЩΪ˴ǡ
˼΢΢ףƮƮתһӰǣΪʦˡ
Ͳ̸˵ˡ
ȻȻشޱޱ뿪
ͽܴ˲˼
գ峿
˼ճͣ׼𻰱ʱȻŵһɹ𻨸ζ
ţ筳Ԥ֮С
ʳУһ߽ζҲ֮
ʦ
˼˵ۣ𻨸⣿
ʦµò
筰ʳзϴ򿪣õĹ𻨸⣬𻨵ֱꡣ
˼Ͻǰ
׼ץһͣע⵽ߣæעŵһ飬͵ʱҧһڣζͷš
˼һ飬ֽųһ顣
筶Ҳԡһ˳Թֲ˼
áҲһ飬һڣġ
ʳԸΪʦԡ
ʦԵüЦûϲ
ɡ΢٣һֱһ¡ʦĻô죿
ԣʦĻǰһһӳʣ಻һʱ䡣
һֱѰҽķûн
ûнʦ룬Ҳ룬ʹ
඼꣬ûзֿеķӡ
Ψһ漰һż
ϼأ˰ٻԹʴ۶ɵһ־綾
ٻΥٻŵĹ涨ðٻںŶ۱䣬νѺطͥ
ٻʱжʴԹޣʴԹطͥ󻨶˼䣬ķڰٻðٻ¶
ٻģٻ¶ʲô
Ǳ׫񻰹¡
Ȼ筱ԸҲԸŹ뷨ѡˡ
Ҫʼж
µʱ䶨ҵİٻ¶
²ʦ֪ʦϣðգΪ˿ɽ⣬ǰŽⲻˣⲻˡ
ؿʦ
ʱ޷侲֪ʲô
˿̣ʲô׼ã͵Ÿʦ
Լ˼ûע⵽˼ֹģ
˼Ĳһڹ𻨸⣬ĬĬ룺
ӦӦø筣㴫λȻ
ʣʱ䲻࣬ҪɡҪɵǽ֮λȻȻΪţɳΪһɡ
˼Ȼ⻷һ֮ǰɡ
ҲȫȻ⻷Щʲô顣
ҪȻϵͳҲʦ
һôϵͳѡ
˼ﲻ֪ǣϵͳ˵˹ܣûѪ֮˼ס
ֻһС˵ϵͳ൱ۣС˵ľ˳ꡣƫʱ㷨ȡ
ԭ˼ﰾǳƫģϵͳ㷨ִ˼
һϣ˼ѵǫ̀Ͽ羰Ϊʲôƫƫѡ̨羰һʱԳ嶯
ϵͳ䲻̨
ϵ׹¥µһ˲׹һ޿ռ䣬׳ƺڶ
ʴˣִ˼ƾʧΪδ֮յʧٰ֮һ
˼ġ޿ռб˺飬ֻϵͳ´͸˼ϡ
ϵͳٸ㷨һЩɲʵϵͳƻúܣ˼ɲҲΪԭ趨ը죬ҳ˽⻨ҩ
סҩҳĲżڰٻðٻ¶
Բ˵ը죬ûⱾС˵ī筡ҲһƫĴӶˡ
ʦһڳΪ˳ʦص̵֮ˡ
ʵڡ

һڳŸԥţһڵʹü۳˼ĥš
ͻȻ·һͬʱ̧ͷ
筶ΪʦмҪ֪㡭
ʦ筶׼ɽ
˼ͬʱ˶ӡ
ʱž֮䡣
ʦʲôҪ筶ȴƳĬ
Ҫɽ˼ֻ˵ݣ
筴۽ޣƽʦ筶кܳһʱһֱòչ˼ǺӦɽ书
ǡΪʦȻ֪ԼͽѴĲΡ
˼ʦ筶ǵúʱɽˡ
筵ᶨһ۲Եùɣ˫ˮ֪ʲôʱʼ̶Ҫ˾ȥ
㵱濼˼ܿ񣬿ĳһ
ʦ筶ѿ
ʵ㶼þˣαظأ˼תߡ
λ筱ܿ˼Ŀ⣬ʦͬ⡣
ΪʦȻͬɽֻʦߣҪúչԼ
ɣ۸ǵû֣߲ȥ˻ɣʦԶ֧㡣
ôͻȻ˵ôɿ飿˼̲סᡣ
ʦ筶һѧɡƽ
һõٻ¶ȵʦ

 6 



Ҫ뿪Ϣɴ顣
ޱޱɻ˭
Ȼ򵥻ش𣺡ҵʦܡ
ޱޱͷ޹ؽҪˣֻúôȻߣ轣Ӣˡ
ܼҹ˼֪ҪȥƾջȻʧ䡣
ͦϲ޵ġ
Ǹ³ʳĳӣĹ𻨸ָʤԲҲĲᡣ
˼εһܼңֻɽҲ£ôú񲻻ӣ
ܼض˶ӣūֻǵޡ
˼ڰֹܼҵĻģҽ̵筵ṦѧúܺãӦûܹܵù
Ϊŵ˼仰ܼ
ޣ筡
ôСˣһܼѲܻꡣ
һμ筵ʱ۹ںͷ۾ضͷСҰǣֻС⬣ȫĴ̱Լ
Ҫɣʱ׼ʱЩ˶˵һɣû䣬ÿεŶΪ֮ˡ
ʱ룬Ǹѡ
ܼҳɹ筣筱ĵӣ֮ĵܼұο
ɽʱʵȻ
ԭ£
һͬʱţѴ¸ڶͬʱϲʦһСײͷ͵͵һ۵İǵһμʦʱʦ筲õ
СϲʦʦҪʦǰֺã筴ֵñãʦ筵Ĺעࣻĵ筵֣ѧҪ筿筺á
𽥡¡
ȻһũңլرݰռȻһ뿪ҡͨС˵ı
⻷һָĴڣȻûܵĿࡣ
ɹ򣬳ɹɵܼҡ
ʱܼɽҪǴµ̺أɵľԴ
Ȼ;д˳ֶΪ顣
Ҳ筴ѱ˫ȻΪȥá
ŶõľȻĵͬУкӣûʲôȻ˱ϰɡ
筶Ȼ˵ҲǾߣһָӵĸ顣
ʦܡ
ʰʱȻס
£ƽת
Ȼܾ֮ǰ㷢筴ûнйΪʦ֣һֱڽʦܡپﲻƽ⣬ʦҵӣôҲҪһʦְɣ
һذףá
ȻݸһѷذףɽµġԭԼʹãʦҪɽ˰ذ͸
á䵭
û뵽һǻȳͷһˮ
Ȼðذջ䣬Ҫ㲻ҪʱҪʦ־㡣
Ҵ筻صȻ
㲻ܽʦͻȻ
׼ϲʦͲ׼ϲʦˣ˵ͺʦһһֱѹʦǰӡ󶼲ܼҵĶࡣ
͵ҵĶ
ʦ½½ĶһľȻܴ򿪿
ֻǷͷµİ
ʲô͵Ǵֻпѡ
ȻһЦؿ筣ϲʦϲͺˣҪ͵͵ϲǲʲôɸ˵ܣ
筵ٿӲ˫ˮͫԻȥȻûע⵽筵쳣
Ȼ筲˵ʦصǸ¶
꣬Ӳɣݻָƽͳءšһ
ʱˣʦڴŵҡ
˵ȻŶһʦȥɡ
筱ת̤䣬ɴȥ
ͦ޳Ӱ糿ĵԡ
˼һΪͱ筡
ȻǸʦ
̤߹ջ΢Ц
ٶһʲôҲûУһɽ©ˮ飬˵ǰɰСȥˣ
ʦ
ʰǰɡ
š
Ǳ߰ɡ

Ӳ
˼ɻ󲻽ؿôˣ
һʦ筶ҪȻҪذףôΪʦûԾ
ʲô
磬ϲûдʲôҪʲô
ʦ筶Ҫҡ
˼һ˵ңپһ졣
ʱеŮõķŮһѧһŮ죬һ飬
˼ﳶһϲĲʼŮ졣
δ̫ѧ߰˰ˣǿһҡڼԼһù۵ҡ
עԼѪⲻһ˼ｫǰ
û뵽签Ȼҡ
ɣǳɫббţǼۻɫ𻨣ֹȷʵͦġ
ȷҪ
˼ﲻȷʣôҪ
ţ筶Ҫʦģ筶úÿ
˼һϲҲúÿǰɣΪʦҲüΪÿ
۾ǽңаɣȻͽôϲǾ͸ɣÿġ
˼ȡңݸ筣СסϧذԼ䡣
㣬ܺŵġϲ˼ˣ̲סٿԼҡ
ȷʵš΢΢𴽽ǡ
˼筺󣬻ط˯
͵͵۲ޱޱǶ뿪ˣæȻ
ʦܳѽ
ΪȻÿˣ签ȻȻҪÿ
էһۿȥ޶ˣ筳һ˫һۣʱ飬۾ڰ׷ܡ۽ԴǳǳΣòΪɫһӳΪŮӵͦġ
˲ֻ۾һһڣ
ֱаȻտصޱޱޱޱз˫۾ճյؿȻȻÿ
С˵Ůȵ֧ôصϲ
ι˻ǵ𣿡
ðķɫ˲䱻ƣޱޱ𻨳յݣһįصعӣЩ˺ܾûϵˣ֪ںδ
ޱޱƳһգᡢϧ
Ųôȥû湻أ
Ȼۣ֮ѯģΨжѰּޱޱ˵ռֵԶˡ
һޱޱޱޱȡᣬм̧ۣллعӡ
ȻļһƬ
û¶ŰĴСԸޱޱȷǸ˵ˣȻǰαװ
ޱޱȶµȻʼϢ
ޱޱעȻĶʵعӣϰʲô书
ȻۣشɵĶžѧ硣
磿ðӡ
ҿѧô
ȻЦԣֻɵĵӲſѧ
ҳΪɵĵӾͿˡ
ҲԣʦֻͽܣҺʦܡ
Ϊʲôޱޱü
ȻЦ
ޱޱȻٻشʻĶɵ˼ҪɵĵӣǸŮ˵ҲӦź

 7 



һգޱޱҵ˼
˼ŮˣﲻҪܼҴػ˼ĵϡ
˼ϲޱޱʱоΪŵ˼ϲҲ̫˰ɡ
ֶ˰겻ˡ
ɵĶֻСŮϲ
ޱޱ˵˵ʱԼҲǸֻʮСŮ

ι
õ˼˶٣ڽô˭ôûò
תû뵽ῴһֱαװòޱޱվ
ŰδСտܱûͷţѡ
ɵѽĵ̣δС㲻±ϳȥ
˼ûתǰߡ
ޱޱ˼ﲻöţСƢˡ
վסȻμҡ
˼Ȼûûò˲ֵͣ
ޱޱ߳ŭ嶯֮¾Ȼ˦ʵ黨ޣһȥƱ˵˼
ߣֵС
˼ɵס黨ޣҷޱޱ֮䱻ƵڵϣˤڵǱ˼Ц
ޱޱֻбһ٣֪ڴʲôط
ܿ죬ʶ˼ǻʵţ˼ʵԶ֮ϣȻʦײ˼
Ȼޱޱһٲųԡ
ޱޱȻڵ
˼ﾪ棬ǣô۸ˣ
ǧС۲Ϊ
˼֡˲ңҲˣңұطˡԭ̧Ҫ뿪
ţôΪͽ𣿡
ԡ˼ؾƤÿǽȻ뵱ͽܡ
ҪȻڣһƺŰδСɽ
˵ʵе㱻
˼ﲻٹޱޱ첽ȣΨޱޱ
ڣ˼ʵϷŻ
˵ǸޱޱֶûиȻԸȻƨɺתתȥ
ȻУڱϿȻڲ飬һڲ飻ȻڴĬĬԼ
˼ޱޱⱾС˵趨һƿר

ţ
ܼҵһӣ˼ɻ˭ӣһһˡ
ÿһȵִ׼ٿÿִٿὫ͸ɣмȨ֮ûмμִᡣ
˼ͬǰһյɲμӣ𡰵Щʲô顱Ժö⡪Ȼϳ
壬ҽȻ
õģš
˼һյĹڵȻ
ôôò
Ȼɵغ˼Ͷ̽ӵ
ȡȻεؿһʦеʲô£
ͽܴˣ˼п
ִὫ¸³УΪʦҪɽμִᡣѧϰҲһʱ䣬Ƕĺʱҡ˼ﻺΪʦҪɵ֮λλ㡣
ʦȻ΢΢ͫס
Ϊʦ˼ǹ筣ŬΪʦпΪʦԸءΪֱʺϵɵţ԰ɵĶžѧڸ㡣Ϊʦ㣬㽫ɷ󡣡
Ȼӯû뵽ʦеӡ˺ãһ㲻ʦܲ
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ҲܣҾҪҸ𡣡ޱޱȫ¶ԼС㱾ԣһԶȻĽģ
ȥģҲҪȥģ㲻ҡޱޱĿȻί·ȻǸӵĸĺ
Ȼüޱޱһ޵Ӣѹ˹ء
ҧС
ޱޱ˲俪ĵرֱˣȻٴ˺Ǹޡ
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ޱޱһȻβͺ棬ȻУʱһߵޱޱȻֱ˧ˣʼҪ˫˺Ͻ˵˫˺Ͻ
Уϱ֣ܺޱޱͻȻ߽У룬ȻһֲʹĽһʱ޷ջأޱޱǧһ֮Ȼ粽ת廷ŵöסޱޱ˫˫ء
ص̼䣬Ѫ鷢ˡȻСһڱѹµޱޱ
ȫ޷Ƶģ֪˭ʹȻıޱޱ촽
˼ڳǾɡ
ӴޱޱȻʵȻ㱯磬˹ء
ʱŵúܿ죬¸³еִἴʼȻ˵бϰɽ뿪ɣ߻һֵüЦۿޱޱ
ΪʲôȻɽɵͱΪʲôϴɽֻ˼ͱ𣿾ԭ筲ԸʦͱֻҪʦ˼Ĵȫص˼
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Ȼ֪˼жֻ˼ﲻһ𣬾ʲôԭûиȻʵԭܼ򵥣ԸޱޱͬС
²ݳݺɣִھУڶɻ㼯һۣɡɡɵȡ
˼ִῪʼǰסִḽĿջһ¥ȺΪˡ
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λŮʿȻμִᡭ
ڸޱޱԵȻ磬ͦıӣ򵵿ڵС˵һǺ«
֣СݸһǺ«ȻǮתվԭصޱޱֲˡ
̯ܵλȥ
ȻȻһң㷢ޱޱվһ̯λǰ󿴿ҿ
ޱޱȻεо˸С㡪øоǴС㡣
ȻҿһÿķҪҡޱޱקסȻָһ֧鷢
ͷȻıǺ«ҲҪǺ«ˣСԵĶҪ֧
ȻεظǮ뵢ʱ䣬ϽҸջס
ޱޱɹ򵽷˵زڷϣ̧ͷȻÿ𣿡
ȻƳһۣͷܵÿ
һ·ֻۣϢ֨֨ޱޱܳ
ִڶԣһĳУóáĻչᶼڶԾУ֮صִȻҲڶԡ
糿̫Ĺâմصʱִʽʼ
˼Ϊɵ볡ṩŵԸλãڹۿ볡ϵĴ򶷱
߸ʶѡ˵ͷ΢ЦӦԡ
˼ʹϵһȥ

 8 


ڰ
ȿʼǵɵĵӶԾ
Ĵ򶷼˼ȤصȻϳ
֮ĿĴתһһϤᦣһԪɡ
ԪɵǰлһԭףлһŸԭ¶Ԫɵˣ¶֣ҪһԪɡ
ڵԪɾڲȨϴһ׺ӵߣоǻû֮λһغһĿͶ˼ﷴӦ죬ѸջĿ⣬鵭Ȼؿϡ벻Ÿ֪͵
ϵĴʵ᲻Ȥ˼Ŀٴƣ뿴Ȼġ
ִῪʼ֮ǰѾȻͷ֪ȻᱻɵӶԾĳصȺ򣬶鵽ĺʮţԾɡ
˵óСʤ
Ȼ򲻹ȻʵԻʤɡ
Ȼ鵽ĺʱʵ̫ˣ˯ŻȻɵȻԾɵɭ
˼ϽĿͶϣֻȻһվһ࣬治ͽܣ⽣üĿ֪ٻŮ
ȻϣȻɵشɣɹ
ִ죬һֱɶԾʤһһһԾʤһٽʣµĶٮٮߣٮٮٮٮߵĶԾʤҪٸŵĶܴڳ˼Ϊ
˵ħĶԾϣܹȻܹʤ˼ﲻȷ˵ʵһи书Ĺֿ֣Ǿ͡
ȻԾû£ȻԻԼĿջΪŵ˼ﻹҪԭλĵҪϡ
ԾɵŽͶƱ˼ͨǿĸ˳۾ͶĸʵһҲûϵ
˼ô룬ɾִľٰ췽ͲôˣһÿͶƱ
Ϊƽƽûʲô鷢鷢
ԭִᱳĽµһΰ档
ṩʽִ֧ľУһҪĿҳҳ߶յδǧޱޱ
ǲһǧֻΪҳԼŮ
Ŀ׸ĳɡʴҽûмүǧޱޱС㣿
µĴ
ѵүǧʧˣ˷ʡ
ǡڳλõ˻ش
λޱޱС٣̸֪үؽл
µһ̵سһܷḻԾԾԣ׷ǰޱޱֽŻһû뵽Ǹˣܽ˻ΪүŮ
ˡ
λϵ˼룬ҪҪүǧ⣬Ȼȡؽ
ˣǶʱȻޱޱദүʲôʱҵޱޱĿǷΧڡ
ҺȻûִᣬҪȻ
ٽʱ֣Ȼ֪һ顣
ڿջޱޱ֣һ֪£Ͼμִ˶֪²֪
ޱޱȻվޱޱǰлޱޱķţޱޱֻһţüĵ޶ˡ
ޱޱźȻѸٹϷš
һ˫ĿޱޱޱޱסȻôˣ
ΪʲôƭңȻͳ
ҲޱޱԶˣһֱչԸ⣬ԸȢ
˸ޱޱµһ̵ǧ
ޱޱüƭʲôˣ
ƭ޼ҿɹˣƭԶռ֡
Ȼһһ˵ޱޱȻ鲻٣תѵѾ֪ˣ
ȻޱޱִͨķʽҵֲǱûʲôȻ軨ʱңִض֡
ĿǰҪǰȻ
ʵпԵġޱޱٴαԼᣬ̧Ȼ
Ȼ˵ͣޱޱ˵ԼĿԣһȻβȻɹ治Ů1š
ڶȻϳʱޱޱȥΰ棬Ȼˣ϶Ҫˡ
ޱޱصߣѿˮ˵ʱѱɵĵȻȣնɣɵÿ˶ܺáǸɵţȻ仰û˵
ΰ֪ԼŮûܵĿ찲պúɵĵȻлɵţȻޱޱû˵ɵţûޱޱܿס£
˼볡ʱ˽ţ
תһһۡԼʮ˧ӭ
˼ֻת۱֪ǰλµһΰ棬£ѵҵޱޱˣ
үʲô𣿡˼òһЦ
ΰǰЦݿض˼˵ллŶСŮչˡ
Ȼޱޱصΰˡ
˼΢΢һЦүÿ
ΰЦݵ˵ΪллţЩı⡣
ֻΰ߳һۣһľӣһЩҩ
ϣܹ¡ΰһƵЦš
Ǿллү˼̧¡
ΰ㷢ԵĴˣʵ޼鲻̡֪˼ھǰ˻Ȩӳڣҩ˼һգ˴Ƿ顣
һЩС˼Ժ飬ΰȷǸˡ

Ȼٴνܿʱ䵽˵졣
˼üĳϣȻҪٶλٮٮߡվ档
̧ͷ˼˫۸һŵ
Сӡ˼ŵ˻͡
ȻִһͨĽֵס˵Ĺ󵹵һȦܿץסᷴΪһʱ䵶⽣ӰֲĸΪĸ
˼ȻӰ˽࣬ʹɵĶžѧ硣
翿ǿʢ߿һԶ࣬ûԶʹӯζռȻ
ȻüλΪģΪʤӶٮٮʤ
緢꣬һֱŵĶȻ˲䱻Χ
ţȸղŵĳ滹Ҫ⽣ӰʹȹȻ
еŶЩŲмΧȻλϡ
ȻͻȻʹһƣȻ˼üͷʶ硣
ΣٿдĻеס
СȻʧ˼̲סĵһ䡰ϵͳ
Ҫȴ
ҪɵΪţɳΪһɡ
ϵͳнͣ˼ҧгݡˣִľ飬ɻ
ȻһƣŻһѪ˫ĿȾϺ֮תȫƾն˫һٴ򿪣һ޴Ȼ¡
ȻȻǱ˼ﾪȵؿϣɵҲͬĿ⡣
޴粻£µϣ̱˦⡣
֪˭Цû뵽ջῴЩɵʵô
˼ÿܻ˾ҪȻ˿ֲΧȻʤͲ̫ˡ

 9 


ھ
ɵĵȻΪһ
ȫԶʢһϢ
˼߳ȥʱ򲻶Ҫʶ
ʵִһʼ˹ֻ˼ѡ˵ͷ΢Ц飬ټƮƮʥַ
Ҫʶֻ͵͵ۿһ߿òһ֮߰£֪ʣӲ࣬ʮ׼һغϧձš
˼ЦĴԽԽ٣õķչôЩأ
վȷʵˣƶڷչɵúܺѽȻΪһмЧھвٵҪ¡
ƲȻΪɵţһɵţ׼ӻԾرʱɵڶ࣬׳ܳΪһɡ
Ͳˣڽ
ٹɽ֣ˡ
õĻ˼ԴͷһȣȥȻ
Ŷ룬ȴȻϲѪİɫɫ԰׵ڴϣһλȹõİŮΪˡ
İŮ̧ͷ˼Ｄ侲ΪղʧĶ߲ѡ
ǣ˼һʱ֮벻λ˭ΪʲôȻķڣ
ţãҽ磬һͽܡ
İŮȻʶֻЩϤһȻ뵽Ů֮һȻĺ֪ôô֣ҪҲӦѵڣֵǰˣϵͳûʾ
˼ﰴʣĿͶϻԲѵȻʵôˣȻ֪Ȼˣʦ߯ʧˡ
عӵ˲󣬶Ϊˣһʱɡػش崺硣
ǸŮӣºͣĬĬȻֻ֧ûгΪȻţпϧ
ô֪Ȼˡ
ȻӮûڳͣŲЩȵ뿪
˿ɷ˸ҿȻһ·ƽִ߳ᣬڽϵʱǰһڣӲȵصڵϣǡõĻشǰ
ʱȻûȫԣȻһҶ֪λ߳һ˵ɵĵȻͻջĳм
Ҳ߳Ȼ֮أæмСȻͻסĿջ
ʴˣȻϵҩֻǹʰµƿƿ޹ޡ
˼˵ľʰö뿪䡣
ϻԲѵȻվһԵ˼Ȼ̾
û뵽Ϊһ˴ۡ
Ϧ£Ȼ˯һ죬ȻǰһŮӡ
ʦȻƳ
ڴ˯˼ٿؾѣתͷȻˣϽǰ
ȻоôҪҪΪʦд
ʦãӸоöˡȻжʦȻһ졣
˼֪Ȼֻǿ۶ѡ
ȻһѪɫӣ˼ＫΪۣʶתеָЩ࣬ȻΪʦս֮λ㡣
˼֣صȡָݸȻ
ʦȻ̧ͷĿض˼ﲻѡ
š˼Ȼûнӣ
ȻͷȡָϺõ֬񣬴ϸ塣
ΪʦΪˡ˼Ȼӹһ

˼صԼķ䣬Իȥˡ
δ筣֪ô
һߣ筱Űɽ뿪;ͣѯ˰ٻģûмٻ¶
ʵ˷׷׶˵֪ûм
մһֱûеõЧϢϪϴһټ̤δ֪ó̡
ﱳǱڲֵĲżżϼزֻ࣬˵аٻͰٻ¶޴ӵ֪
̶һ¹ȥǺã筿ϻ³һٵһƣϡ
в£ʦô죿
оԼʲôҲá
ĬĬܾ޴ѹ
εʦֻݣֻʪ͸
ʦƽʱһ˿ѩȹңɫĴϣ˿ƣɫɫӾ
ǰʦв֮⡣
筶ʦ촽һһϣзһ˫ˮĿڽл
筸ʰʦ˿ڱᣬһɲ֪ζƢ
ֱʱʦֳס筵죬筲ؿһűȾϻܽչһЦ
һ˵ʦϡ
筸ܵ˵磬ʦ£۾ֻһˣһ촽ġġ̲סȥ
ȥֹԼʦĸͬݡ
ʦ֪ϲôԶܲˡ
ԽܣԿͷʹѣһڵϡ
Сֵܣôˣ
ٿ̧ͷǰһص΢΢ӣĿؿλ߲֪ʲôʱߣȻһûв
ǡ˻ƳԼȻй¶Լص㺣æסͬʱվ
Сֵܣѹ߷·𿴳ִڵ״
ЦЦ׵ĺӣƱãһεʳ¯Сֵܣ֪˭𣿡
ûж䶯һε˭кιϵ
ߵ۾һ⣬ʣһεᣬǸСֵͣ˵ɵͽ
ɣĿȻסǰߣѵȻ
߷·֪ʣֺȻʦɵ˼Ѿ֮λڸ
Ѿ֮λڸȻ筲Ű棿
ʦԭ˿Ȼ֮ð
һε÷зӦġ߻̾
签ߵĿģ䱸ضߣ˭ΪʲôҪЩ
ֱӣæصΪǰǰΪСֵṦò,ǲɶõ֮,һؼΪ͸㣬Ȼ㿴ݾòʿֶ
ⱾؼΪ˴һֱûãŲûؼԸ뽫͸Сֵ㡣
ӻͳһΪ飬筣ûнӣֻΪ졣
񽭲ϵҡҡͷЦЦΪԶ࣬ʱҲ磬һ
˵ֱ꣬ת뿪ǵıӰһ˲Ҫء
筼ıӰʧУתĿ⣬űߵؼ
ؼû֣հһƬ
ø֦ҳݾȻȫа书
筺ҳ˼ոλǰǰ

 10 


ʮ
筶
Ȼʦڴϱ۲ѵÿüͷ
һĻɣķ䡪
ʮһڼڽʱա
һϮѩȹ˼ﲻͿظ亹ιҩߡ
筣̧յúͮͮ˼ʦΪʲôҪôã
˼ոιҩһͣſ촽У˿˿ɬζ
ʣ˼͵ع𴽽ǣΪʦͽܣΪʦȻҪá
Ȼأ
ȻҲΪʦͽܣΪʦͬá
ϣ첻ˣʦһ˺ÿ𣿡
ԣȻΪʦͽܣҪһͬʡ
筺һ˫ˮͫȻડˮ
˼һ񣬡ôˣ
æ筵ˮһ˫ʪ·ܴܵίʦһ˲𣿡
˼ƯСǰؿ筡ԺΪʦ筶ļۣô
ʦ筶筵ỹڷ۵ϣչջϲģǸ˵Сӡ
筶˼ǳǳЦ
ǣʦȻȻɵš뵱ɵţʦȻȻСʱǰ
ʦ˵ļۣ֪ѯǷҪɵţ𣺡ʦ筶ɵţ筶㵱ɵţʦ筶筶Ҳᵱ
ʦûѰɽΪʦѰҰٻٻ¶ʱʦ겻ɽȻֻΪȻμִᡣȻһʦ˽֮λλȻ
ɲʱ䣬üޡ
ȻʦĿأԼʱɡ
֪ԼԼʦ䲻׵ĸ顣ʮʱ㷢Լ쳣ʱʦ뷽跨ܿʦԼʦ֮顣
ʮ筿ΨвͣϰԼմڲ麣Լ
һգ𽥷ֲԾ˼Ȼ筣Ȼȴ˵筲
˼ֻһ筵ķ䣬ȴա
筶ôˣ
˼ţûƿ
ķ۾࣬һһһһܼ򵥵İ衣
ϰڷһֽ׵ֽһī֮īûиɣֶˣѵഺڵ궼˵˼תһ룬ΪʲôȻһ޷εӣ
ˣȻ筲ʱ
˼ת䣬ֹϷš
Ϸŵһ̣ڴ͸ŷ̰һϮѩȹƮƮ˼뿪ٻӰ
筵˼ңסԼ̫ѨʹԼǰ
ʰշմī֭ëʣ޳ִָʣ±ʱԺиʦվ滨µĽӰ
֪УͨеëͷųȼʹһͼֻֻбӰ
ȴص˼ץ˲飬˿
ʦȻһ֪Լͽܶ˼ô죿
뱻ʦʦ֪Լʲôȵ顣
˼һεĻһֱ˼筼ææس
˼﷿еȻڿԹһ䣬ûᣬɵһ˫һֱֱڴʹ಻˼
һŲ԰׵ûѪɫĴ亹ðʪ͸ںڵ޷
ҩҪڵķ˼筼ǰѸٷ˼
˵ͽܿҪŮܲףȴ鼱̧ͷҩ
ס˼򦣬΢΢Ӵʹ˼촽򿪣׼ʱҩȥЩʧҩ˼£˲ûǰ½󣬷ظ롣
˼ﴽߵҩС촽ָʼ̣ʱ˼ȫĻѸ߹˼Щˡ
ҩ룬ͷ筵רע䣬ܾЩԾ
˼½ҩմȾҩǺɫģ˼һѩȹ׿
筣ʦ·ҪȻȥɡ
ʱע⵽ҩʦظȻ
ط˼קסȻ뿪䡣
ȻʦΪмվĲԶʦ
Ͼ˼ֻʦ촽Ļ棬ָ͵͵Ħζ
ʵһֱ֪ʦڵʱ䵽ƽʦׯߺûʲô飬ûʲôܹŵڵһ죬ɵİ
û˿ĵطʦͣૣʲôʱɣʱģҪ᲻ɲˣ᲻
Ȼ֪ʦҪʲôʱʲôѾǵʲô
ҲһţѰңѰܹʦķ
ϲȻϰʽһʦ书Ϊƣʱûж룬ϸ뷢֣ԭʦһ㽫ɵ֮λȻ
ֻڸţϢ߸֪ȻΪһ֮ӱ֤ʵ
һʼߣٵĻ
Ṧԣ˼ڵĿջֵϣΨаʦ˼طϢ
һ̾Ϣڴϵһ˫ٵһ̶ۣͫ

糿ϴСߺ˼еָÿ˿˫ԼţȻʰ׼ɡ
ִѹȥʱ䣬Ȼڿջ˲˺ãȻһʱ䣬ʱȥɡ
һԭǣʱ˼ĿδǧޱޱȻԳԴף޳ĳ˼ﲻٿ
ޱޱ֪Ȼ˺󼱼ææջͬ˼һȻԵ磬ҹģһ֪ʶŮ˵ֱȻϲŮӡ
ܹ˵ȻȻòͷ̲סǳ
һα˺ǳ⣬ԼϲˣޱޱĿӯˮһգ۾˳Ž£촽ң
һ̣ȻѾʼڣ̧ҪֹʲôޱޱͷĨܵ
±µһΰ֪˵Ȼ䣬Ϊ˵ΪԼŮû뵽ҪȻӭȢޱޱΪ˵ΰ濴ƣȻεɵţԺŮ޸Ȼнɵļӳ֣ø
ޱޱûаƳȥһ뵽Լ޸ȻŮ˲件ϲ
ֺ߽ؿҩƿ磬紹ĬĬϵ顣
ȻޱޱȻ۾
ȻĿӹޱޱΰ棬үҸǧʶ¡
ΰڰֹҪ˵ĻȶףʦҲ
Ȼüɨ򱳶硣շ̸ºʶΪ˺ͲŻѶ籧кøС
ΰǸ۲΢ˣ˳Ȼ磬ɫ֮ƽǸɺӵĽɫ
عӣϲҵŮҵŮҲϲ㣬Ϊβһ𣿡
Լ˵ԼϲȻޱޱһ죬ͷקסȻ䣬Խ̬
˼ÿҪȻǡɱײڵ龰
үôˣ˼粽ֳЩ졣
ΰ˼֣æţͽϲҵŮҵŮҲϲͽܣӦöײ𣿡
˼һ£ڴϵȻȻȻŤͷߣΰһҪش飬˼Ȼµÿˣûش⡣
Ȼԥûȷشü£ޱޱǧƢֵҲҪȻһȷĴ𸴡
ȻַԣŪ˼ûʶͽܡ
վ鷢չޱޱȻţȻԥʲôϽһ˰ˡ
Ȼô룬Լʱϲ磬ԱޱޱֱõȻɱĺøС
ִŮĽ
ʵҲȻеĽ
˼ⲻͽܡ

 11 


ʮһ
ִ򿪷ţ˼̧ղ筳ǰ
գգۣûʧ筶
˯ѵĺҹû˯ղ˼סķ䣬һ۵ʹվǰǱݡ
βǳǳΣˮֱֱؿֶ顣
ô˼ﾪ筳
ʦǲ筶ã۽ʪᡣ
˼ﲻ֪筷ʲô£ˣæקס筵ֱݣϷš
ȴ筵β죬˼ɻ󲻽ֵǵ筶ʲô𣿡
ǰֻ˾ø˼˼·ߣվǰ筿ɢݵϢ筶㵽ôˣ
ʦΪʲôҪȻôãί˵
˼̲סҪЦ飬Ц⣬ȻΪʦͽܣΪʦ˵һͬʣҲá
˵Ժ筶ļۡҳ֤ݲĻش
Ϊʦʲôʱ˵仰筣Ů˵˼䲻̫ãû
һһϣҧҧ筶ʮһʦ˵ġ
˼һ룬˵
ȵȻĺòӰ筶ļۣǶΪʦͽܣһĺá
һͻȻһ¶е顣
ʦȻμִᣬΪɵ֮λˡ
˼筵ļһ£ûǰ˵ԺὫɵ֮λȻ筵Ĳ
ϽȵΪʦûü㡭
筴Ļ筶ǲʦ筶ɵĶžѧڸȻǲǻһֱ筶
Ȼ֪˼תߣ۽ޡ
Ϊʲô筶ǰֱ˼ϡ
Ƕ筶ʧ𣿡
ûС˼̧筣筶ܺá
Ȼ筶ܺãʦɵ֮λ筶
У˼ԥ˵
β죬ʱһˮͫʹݽȥ̶
ΪʲôУ筶ȻɫԣΪʲô筶ԣ
Ϊ𣿿筶Ȼʦ֣ͬʱţӦͬȶԴҪƽ
Ϊʦ˵оǲУȻʡ˼ţ筺籡ӣǿ̫ˣܡ
Ϊʲô筵ͷ˼һ˫ɫͫ
ΪʲôԣҲԣ
筵ķʣ˼һʱ֮벻Ӧԣתͫʱ˵ȻĻشȻԸأΪֱʺϵɵš
筶ҲأҲΪֱΪʲôѡ筶Ϊɵţ
شϸ⣬׳һ⣬˼емܲס׻ظ筶ΪʲôһҪɵţǰΪʦû˵筶Ը
筻شúܿ죬Ϊ筶ҪΪʦصǸˡ
򵥣ΪʦҲ筶ûв筶
ղ筣еˡ
Ȼʦ筶ʦɵ֮λ筶ɺã
筶ΪʲôһҪɵ֮λΪʦȻȻˣԺҪɷ󡣡⣬Ҫٱ
筵筶Ȼûá
˼ͷʹͷȻĿھʹˣ
סĿڣ˼ע⵽Ķʦ˫ַסӿҪ㵹˼
ͣ˼ʹҪ筽뻳УϾ˼˼ʹ۾
ʦ⴫Ȼ
ûйؽ͸ŷ쿴ʦͶһ˵Ļ˭Ȼƿţ筡
ʦܣô
һۣ𻰣ᱧ˼
ʦĻ˼ɫҰףȻһˣϽת뿪
筸˼ڴϣǺñӣ˼ָ뱻
筹Ϸţ첽ҩģȻڿջĳҩ
뿪Ȼܵһջżضƹ˵ü𣿡
ƹָ¥ϣڷ
Ȼ粽ȥվü˵ķǰãüˣȻ¡
źܿ򿪣ɷü˳ǰƮƮһۣŶˣ
ǵġȻһ仰
˵ɡüòȻ߽Ϸš
ʦֻһ䣬Ȼأü֪ʦʲô
ü˴ӿָóһɫСƿ
Ȼ˫ֽӹлüˡ
лȥɡüﴽüҾǲײЦ⡣
Ȼתͣһ£漴ܲ˵ش򿪷뿪
صʦڵĿջȻŽȥʦûˣʦڴٻأ
ʦȻڴǰеİɫСƿ򿪣ﵹһųĵҩҩŹ󡣶öҩι˼˼£һ
ϣʦܹû¡
ˮе˼ͻпºθ泩ȫ·ʹʧһת
û뵽Ȼ
Ȼʦˣʦоô
˼ڴͷϣιΪʦʲô
⻨ĵҩȻʵش
˼Ծ˵޽ôĵģ
һλ˵е
ʱܳһˣⲻôʲô˼ȷʵоɢ
ء˼ﻹ˵ʲôͻſڴһ
Դȴվſڵʹͷ飬ĸǰѱˤ룬ɢŨŨҩζ
ʦܣȻƳţֻ֮תص뿪
ȻĪͷ˼ʦʦôˣ
˼ոִݣȻͶѯʵĿ⣬д󺰡áӦ筿ȻڶȻϲøϽ筴ġ
ûʲôҩ̫̲Сˤ˰ɡ˼Ȼ̧ҪãΪʦԼȻһۣ㻹ȥδǧɡ
ȻĿһ죬֧֧û˵ʲôǵиˡ
Ȼ뿪䣬˼ţҲ뿪˷䡣
߳ȥһȦڿջûп筣ƹƹỤ̧̄ͷصųȥ˰ɡҲ֪ˣҡ
˼ڽϣûһĨϤӰ
ʱ˼žȻ˵筵ģҪȻΪʲôҪ
뿪筣Ŀĵڽϣ˼ʹһС
ɽΪʲôѰһµʱûҵ⻨İٻ¶ǱżƭˣȻɵؽʦĻӱȲȻʦӿʲôڵ壿
߬һߡ
ŵڣ

 12 


ʮ
˼Ϲʱ筵ѪһϢ˫һȻʧɫȴڿ˼һɲǻԣ˿ػһʦ
筶˼ﱼǰ˫ַѪ筣˼Ļһֻ̧Ҫץס˼˵̫أһֱ̧˼￴ץסս
ΪʦϴȥҴ򡣡˼ôҲ벻һûҵ筵ڳ⡣
ڳһֱҲ筣˼ﱧ筿ڳ˼ȥң㲻ҵ筡
Ǻ£筱˶Դ
Һ˼ͬѾԹȥ筷
筽ëʹüͷóе˲
˼ﰲıȴץסץЩʹˣ鶼鲻
筵Ĳ԰ݣ˼˼筵ôˣʲôˣ˭Ҫ
صջջȻͫ΢ԾؿѪ筣ʣʦʦôˣ
˼ҡҡͷΪʦҲ֪
Ȼǰͬ˼¥·ƹƹŵУ
ǰһӣƹֹסԼӲ˵
Ȼһۣ¥
ҴʱΪҹҶ¥ϰޣûʲô˾ۼڿջһ¥һЩҪ鷳
˼ｫ筷ŵڴϣһѪۣôۣȻ筻ҪСϵˡ
˼ԼķһЩ˵ҩ
˼ٴλ筷ʱȻǡû筵·ԵһѪˮôĿġ
ʵô
ȻڴأʦܱĵˣһˣӦǱڱ͵Ϯǰ油һˡ
˼һϣôأ
˭Ҫأ
š˼ֻص
ˮɣΪʦҩ
ȻһѪˮ˼תĿ⣬ſڴϴѵӣ󻺻̾
ƿ筱·ĿѪⷭɵĵۣһɼǡ˼ϽҿеĽҩСص˿ϣ־ȻЩ
ԵʹüĶͷð𺹣īڶ䣬ɢϢ
˼ۣҪҳ˺筵ˡ
ҩҰ˿ڣҪǰ˿ҩ˼ȴסһſڴϵ˼סθ
ȻˮһֱûлվȥҪȻ
ո߳ţδǧ¥´Ȼ
ôˣޱޱôˣ
˼ûϲǽǵȤתط䲢ϷţԼ筷
Լһװ˵ߣزܹܵģҪôڲŪ筵·
վڴǰ˼˫ס筵ʹ̵Ť֮µûŤ
˼筿ԼļϣһֳֻĿǣڿҪɹʱ򣬶µƤͻһʪȣ˼˲̫ʹûסһӻڴϡ
ԺĵͷӲľʹ˼ðǣؿһʹˤؿϡ
ͷһλʮͬˤؿϣٴ˼Ǹطȿȣۡ
ؿϣһԵӣԼͽܿöΣ˼Ͻƿ筣˾ţ֮ڰ筷˸³һܺãûŪ
˼żҩûб˿ôأҲòȥ
筵ˣ¥¶һˮ筲
һ֮˼۵Ժһڲ裬ֲҲˡ
ͷԷﲻлشõ筣
˼Ͻһ筴εʱͲˣʦôģ̲סԼ
򿪷ȻԻ硣
⡭ѵˣޱޱûȻȥ
˵˼Ｑ򣬿
˵ҽҽڴǰΪ筰Ҳ鿴ơ
վŵ˾û˵
ϰԷϻ˵˴úܺãʱûҪĵط˼һΨһҪעĵطǽᷢգһҪŲǧ뼫Ȼԡ
˼ĺֵڵΪ򿪼ҩҩץҩˮһˮÿ
˵꣬ҽȡīֽ⣬ˢˢֽдҩдúݸ˼
˼ӹϿҵصл򡣡
ҽȡһҩƿݸ˼Ƿҩʹҩһ̵ĹЧ
л򡣡
æ꿴£ҹþһһһֱվȻĬĬ磬ʾ֮£紹۽ޣ͵͵ӹԵȻŲ뿪
ȻĿ׷ٻӰ˼ֵݸһҩȥץҩɡ
ʦץȻߺ쿡ӹҩõģʦȥ
˼ȻȥӰĬĬ룺ȻϲȢؼҲôһƵС˵磬ǹŴһ޼ֲ֡Ҫ˽ܣɽܲˣִһһ衣
͸紵Щ⣬˼Ҵ筵ı֮˴ϿԴٵۻⰾҹĸɬ۾
Ȼ賿˸ա
˼ﲻʪë筵ĶͷҴø
ʦʦϻζԴְʪëõ筶䡭
˼ץסֹ֣Ķ
筶ʹʹĺʹקסԼֲԼ筺һɾ޴ıУʡ
һ˼ǰĵؿһСͽܣ˼ľ
筵筶Ϊʦߣʹʹ
ʦʦ筶ĺʹ筷·ҵߵˣӲ˼Ͽԭ˼ǶӸʪëֻڴϲͣذ筡
˵뼫ȻԣҪʼ뼫ȻУ˼￪ʼ˵һЩ£Сʱ£ǵͦ
˵ദʱ겻
˼筵ĶͷֿʼˣҪʪëקסȴϷſ
筶ſΪʦҪë˼غ签ǲصʮһק˼ﲻ֡
ʦʦߡ촽⶯ëקסԽý
Ϊʦߣ˼ֱץۣѲúܡ
е筲˼ݣɿ˼ѳһԼ֣üһֱһƬ
筲ٶɵذ
˼ΪʪëҴոŪɵıӡ
ûڣ˯ڴϣϾݣĿ˼ٴס֡
˼ε⣬һָֻƽü쿪ʼƽضȹһϣڿԺһᣬû˯ˡ

 13 


ʮ
ʦͻأһŵ˼˯ԼſڴϣֱקסϽѳԼš
ȻŽ˼û˯ٵݾ뵡վڷ£
Ȼʦ࣬չʦܣȴȻ˫̣һҩһࡢһСθСˣҩ˼ʱǽҪջĳġ
˼￴ҩ࣬׽⡣
筣ιιҩɡ˼ԣƣסԼصԴΪʦϢһ¡
Ȼû飬ҩôǰСľ
ʼл筣ʦܣʦܡ
Ϊôʦܿܲʦܾۡ
һ˫ٵһۣܡ۽ԴǳǳΡ
۵ĵһۿȻĿһ٣ԽȻϢ˼ʵѺзʦչ
ȿȡĺȻڴͷϣݸһˮ
ע⵽˼ֻ̧һۣżϢʦӦۻˡھεȴӿմմϲ
ˮȻٵݸһ̧ۣ࣬ôԽµȻߣ
ʦ֡
ͻȻʦܽԼΪʦ֣Ȼϲ۾Ψ
ҺС¥µ֪£
Ȼʦޱޱü𣬡ȥ˵Űݸ筽ӹ
·ʦʱȻûнʦôۣ˯һᡣ
ŹϣȻ뿪ˣ˼ȴǱۡ
筰ŻСľһ˫һ̧˼ʦϳβ֮⡣
˼ۣۣû˼ƫ̻ȻĲ
ϵɫѾö࣬ٲ԰ûѪɫһ˫һۿؿ
˼ʮһӡ
ʮҪ˺壬˼ﲻźۼ̾һоԼһӣͽܡ
ʦιҿɺã¶񣬼˼߹ڹâ
˼ڴǰСľϵ࣬ӽ࣬촽һ
ʦ֧ߣΪʦιιҩ
ԼС˼ʦ筵͸
筶㲻СˣǰʦûʲôӦټһ䣬ΪʦͽܣΪʦĶӡ
ٿ̧ۣʦ筶ģ
ԱȻȷʵ˼ࡣ
һ˵ôҪʦιҩȻܲҲ޷ܡ
ûʲôӦ¶ȸոպãʼι筡
筵˫ֱ˼ûʲôʣһСѡ
ιιҩһ筲ǣ˼뿪䡣ڼû˵߬Ƿ׵ʹһᡣ
ôҪ߬סʦ
ҩҩЧ˼Ѿ˯š
顭˼ﻺҴ筵ıӣɫ˫筰˯Ĳ
ͽռ˼ԽԽأκãԴȻκã

ϷŵȻת߳վڻƣֻһµޱޱ޶վڿջſڡ
ޱޱ¥ϵȻϲ֣Ȼ
ֻڴ˴Եһᣬû뵽ȻȻ
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ޱޱʲôֹԼδкβɣ
Сܲţ
ۼҪһչȻʵ£
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˭Ȼʶʳ̧ͷȴӭһһϮɫ۵湫ӣ۾һֱޱޱǳЦã٣õˡ
û¡ޱޱʾںⷢȻӶסвɺЦķǵˣں
ֹע⵽ޱޱԵȻãλǣ
ޱޱܣȻ
ԭعӣֹչҾ
ޱޱȻܵԶֹգ賿յԣſջҽӱظۡ
̶̵ļӣֹӭһȻᵽһ˲Ϣޱޱ̸ʱϢΪŨҡ
ȻֱֹС
ʱĿŷһĺݹ⡣
ޱޱģ˭Ҳߣ
֮ǰһֱޱޱơȻȻʶʵԼϲޱޱϾлķҪء
ȻʹĿ⣬˼ͬҾԭޱޱԶ磬ֻޱޱᵽ
ޱޱ͵Цû뵽ȻҲгԴ׵ʱ
ֹĿתϣǹϵ񲻼򵥡
·ԣ˾ˣºԣһʱûἰûʲôϵֻҪұɡ
Ȼս
սͻһֻ۵ְסȻȥޱޱʢЦض̲סһ죬ֻر
˵աֹɻʵǡ
ޱޱֹ֪Ҫʲô˵سֹյȻҵδ򣡡
Ѷˣֹվȵ
ԣ׼ҪסʱشȻޱޱ촽֮ǰǲӦֲ֣ȻĬߣˡ
ֹպȻܸоԼǰΪ졣
ת⣬ȻǷиʦܽ筣
ǡֹͻȻ筣⣿
ȥԵ·ϣʦܣʦṦ˵ãͣǰܣΪʲô¡
˵⣿ʦܱṦͺá
ȻĿ̽ѰͶֹΰºЦЦʦṦҪһ
ԭˣȻΪԼʦܽʦˣ˵У˺Щһʦ⡣
ǣлˡֹʹʱá

ģ«έѾһҶӣⰻȻ
˼վڷ筵ĵطϵѪѸɿݱڣһ·سŵСΧ̡
˭Ҫ˺筣
ͣҲʲôʵ˼ʱת뿪صš·ĳʱ
һСֵܣһǸ˿ˣ֡
˺ΪСֵܱɣû뵽Ṧ룬˵СֵܵṦ治
ҲҶӰʦѧѧṦ
˵Сֵ筣
˼ŲͣԴֻϰŵӾһ齲
ʣ˵Сֵʲôط
һ͸Ů.֮УǾ㵵ط׷תͷ˼ʱ羪֮һɢ׷˵ҲǺҲ֪
˼վ뿪Ӱѵ筵ڵϵǸطĵط
Ȳ뿪ϰյͷ̸պСֵܻҪ
Щɵ׼СֵҪʲôؼ
û
סҪЩνɵˡ
ϰ֮ά筣һ筳úã筿ˣ̿ģ˵ı
ܽᣬ筳úá

 14 


ʮ
ֹ߽ջҡҡⲽƹǰüһƹһ˵סĸ䣿
̵ƹ̧ͷˣ
ʶʦ֣¡
ʶʦ֣᲻֪ĸ䣿ƹ񲻶ɫЦ̣Щϵ²Ϊá
š
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ûֱŽ룬˯ڴϣĿϢȴ˫ۣһλزʶˣ˭
û뵽˾裬ֹմ˼
ϷţߵԶĵطӣֹգǰǰҪһؼ
ΪΣʵ
֪Ҳֻǰǰǰ
ȻǰǰңҵģҪȥ
ֹճԾ̧ͷӣ⡭ֲס
ʲôˣ
ֻżǰǰίҪؼ
筱筣ؼϣûá
ںδֹüûã
ǰǰĵط֪Ŀˣȥɡ
ǲϢֹ˳ȥϷţסӣ筵Ļô˱筣ûзϵҲûгϣȴûãš
˵ҲɣֹڸԵ·ǰжǰݴԣֻΧסмһ꣬ؼ
ؼǰǰⱾؼλáؼûƺа书а书书һѸɸǿ书ĽݾĻ˱õⱾؼ
ֹ츳һֱ书һؼֹտʼҲõⱾؼ
˼ʲã˴⣬𵶽Χסһ˫һ޶ԣûбֱܿӰ˼
üһʲôҲûСһȫһԡ
ߣ뿪ǰ˼ꡣ
ֹռ뿪Ҫǰͬ꣬ȴصվɫҰѩתʱֹտıĿġѪܵĵˣȻ̧Ṧ뿪
ṦһʼΪ书еӵУԼʵΪΣ
书ֹղ׷ȥתͷһ٣Ǽ·Ϊá
붫ԣɵȻɵ֪Ȼһʦܽ筣ǵü˱ʱ򣬺֡
ޱޱʱû뵽ޱޱʶȻһ签ڵĿջĲɿϲ
ڡֹվ筵Ļš
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ֹմֽڴ̣Եһƴݡ
С筴ǰȻ´ʣľ
筵İôԣҿҡ
ؼ⡣
ڰͻأһͳŵֹնסӣסԼĺԲ뿪
š筵͵Ӧ
ֹտɥת뿪û뵽Լļ׾ӣû筣ûзؼûһؼ˵ȷûؼ
ֲϸؼģҲ֪ؼİɣֹ˰οԼΨӰȥٵǰǰ֪
ֹ뿪ڴϵ˼һ£ؼõ书ôô
ӿջгֹհԼŵ࣬͸͸һϲ·ߣ޸֮İģҹѵλӣⲻϲ˳ǻȥϢΪá
ֹûϲϲȴҵ˵һ˵ǰռǽ˼ˣ״ңȫǱˣĿȫǣ
⼸ǱɵĲӣһֱѰؼû뵽Ѱؼ·ϡ
һϲҲ֪ؼѵ˵ļΧ筵Ǽˣֹһ뷨˲쬡
ܣֹմԼ˼筱ˣܻȥɱǼˡ
˭ҪǼأ

һʱ䣬Ȼޱޱΰ˼ļ֤˶ףԺĲ衪ޡ
˼΢̾ҵͰ˫ա
ˣǱɣһʱҪһʽǽɵ֮λʽȻ
ɣǰ˻ķȻˡ
֮࣬˼俴磬Ȼޱޱ׺į˼ǱȻˣȻȻûŵʲôûȻϣ粻ôԶȻĴ
úúýѵȻ
֪Ϊʦ⣿˼һ̧ĿɨվǰȻ
ȻסټʦսսشӲ֪
Ϊʦ㣬ܹϲŮӡ
Ȼʱףʦ⣬̧ͷǵӦ
飬ΪʦֻܸҸ档ǸõŮӣȻޱޱҲǸõŮӣԺ㻹õŮӣЩŮôҪΪʦϣԽ̵ͽǸĸĺ𣿡
סȻ˫Ŀء
׾ͺãҪʲôԿôˡ
õģʦȻ˳⣬ʦ֮⣬Ȼˡ
˼筵ķ䣬筿ڴͷڿ飬˼æ飬һʦ
˶յѪѾ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬Цһ꼻ʢ˪
筶˼ڴǰСϣΪαˣ
ûа˵˼üؼ
筶û˱ãҪѧа书
ʦԽ筶ô筵ָ΢
С˼ûаԥֻŲſѧ㲻С
˵̫϶筲ϲ˼컺筶磬ΪʦĶ̸㣬𣿡
筶ֻѧ硣筵ָŪϵıӡ
˼筶ҪԣΪʦģ磬ѧʲô
筵ʹۣûˡ
˼̾筵Ը̫϶ק
Ψת筵עʴȡһѣΪʦ㴵ѿɺá
筵۾ͫ˸˼֪ϲӡ
֮иӣֻΪûᴵѵ˺˧Ȼ磬ҪᴵѵĴʶѧϰδѧĴѡ˵ѧѱѧӦ֣ѧû
ʦ𣿡
ӻҪ֣ʵ˳֣˼ڵֽо׵ĽƣȡΪӵ֣ա
˵ͬʱ˼ѧѡ
Ӿ֮ŶãΪʦߡ
ˣ˼֪ͨȻɡ
ټʱؾƽ޲֮ǰįӣǣԭ硣
Ȼø£˼ﱶο

 15 


ʮ
ƾջܼ˼ͽܻʮ֣˼һ뿪ôãֽڻٲ֧Ųסˡ
˼ʦѩʦȻˣڼǰһ˼ġ
ܼϵǣش˼ڶʱûл
ѩݺݵصɵĹܼұ˵ôʦò£ֹ
ܼɶͷԣū֪⣿ϸ
ѩݺݵѵū֪ʦðɵ֮λʲȻô
ܼѹ¾죬ū治֪
һ䣬Ȼյҵӡ
Ҫʦû㽲ʲôҲѩ粽֮λ̧ܼҪֹԵһɨȥܼҽҪֲ̧ò¡
ǵֻܵŻܼҹдŸţ֪ûյյҪ
ɵ˼筡ȻѳǻɣŸոյԡ
˼صɣղ̫ԡ
һµѩ֮λϣվͬһµӿԺеļһһӦǵݡ
ʦáѩ˼ԾһϮѩȹ˿졢üԶɽһżܽ棬վ첽˼ǰ
˼⿴ɫݣ΢΢ѩľ롣
ʦʦ㣬ôˣ
Ž筺Ȼʱ筰ݼʦʦáȻݼʦʦá
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ʦʦ뿪ĵڶꡣ˼
ΪҪɵ֮λͽܣ
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ѩҲԼʵ̫ǣεؿһʦãʦֻڣ㲻Ӧý֮λˣӦõһǵʦ֡
ʦֲ뿪ôôΪ֮λԭѩĿģ֮λûţ
ҵͽܲˣɵĵӡѾָҵͽȻȻͬҲɵţ˫ݣʦֻ·Ѿš
ʦãѩȻ㺦ʦʦĸɹˣŮħͷ֮ŮȻʦλǸ󡣡
Ϊ˵Щ˼ͻѹǰ˼ͱѩˮڵ˼ɨһۣ˵ʦ֣һʦǶƣѾ뿪ɣɵˡ
˵뿪һɵˣһʦĵӣʦûнɣ˵˵
ʦ˼ҡҡͷ˵ԭΪ˧ʦ֣ݼֱһ˧
ԭϲѩ˼ӿļ˿з
Ϊԭϲѩһֺ޵ĸ飬ѩ£ðʦ֡һ´÷ΣݣŮǴȶ
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ԭ°ߵʮȨѩѩҲ˫轣Ϊÿ
ͬϲѩѩ书úãϦദټѩÿ벻ȶѡ
ѩʦöϲ֮飬֪ȴװԶŮ鰮ԣֻ书Ȥֻ书øӺã书úãʦܻὫɵ֮λ
ӵһҵ֮ĵѩԴԭһͬʣŮյûʲôӣΪ˲ƻ֮ͬΨнĵ׵вڿʦҲʦѩԭѸصø
ѹԭһŶѩĸ飬ѩ˵ġԭŮħͷ֮ŮǷɣǵʦһ仰ԭ
ʦֻ֣Ҫ㲻ɵ֮λº˵ҪȻ֮λݹʦòϾ顣˼˵ԭϹ˹۲ſѩ
ѩһԽ뿪
Խ˼ʱ˼˵һ仰һĮӡ
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Ե筽һо۵ףرѩʦõˣǱ㡭ս

ҹ΢յȡ˼ﲦӨӨ«έ«έĿȫǵڵϣ϶ദˣѪÿѪݡ
ͻȻ꣬䣬Ѫմ˼ѩȹѵѪһºӵߣ˼ŵˤ«έ«έΪһ壬ԽԽ«έڸǣĺͣǱקԨ׹䡭
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˼һ筣ܶࡣ

 19 


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ȡָ󲻹ֱ̧뿪ĦָůָմȾһ˿Ѫζ

 20 


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ˣ˼Ը筿סѩ筱ѩˣѩӳ
Ŀǰ˽筴ɲ⣬ѩܴ筣
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ΪʲôҪȡ˼ͬ飿˼ʦʦذԼ
ԭǸʦꡣ˼֪Լͽɱˣ֪筻ôһɹ筰ɡ
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ܹɱ筣һ޷߳ɽ
ɱ뵽˺ܴľų筵ѨǸŮӣûƣɽѩһ𣬵ʱΪɭɭǣû˻֪Ѿɽ
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Ϣ˼һֱվԭأһŻɵļ䡣

 21 


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˵筣һ黮
ѪȾ촽߶һ䣺ʦ筶ˡ

 23 


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ס筵֣Լͨҵľ硣
ΣڵϦٲᱬ
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ƺ⣬أڵҴܣ𽥵ƽ
˼³һ۵筵֣ߵӶˡ
Ϣٷ筵ϣһʱ᲻ѡ
筴߲Ѫͳ
۾Сĵɨ筻һǷʱ½ܳ
˼Ūȴۼⷢⶫúܡ
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Ϊʦ˼ʵھʱһѺҺԼ㹻Ȼʣ࣬˼Ц

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Լ˼е˼ضסܼҵ·ϣӭ
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ۿɼ⣬ȻĲʧ䡣
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΢΢üͷ筵塣
֮ˣ޴ӵ֪ڣΨпҩ
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ȻûʲôתҪ뿪תʱ˼ɫƣǵʦʱ磬ЪϢ
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ش𣺡򿪵ĵҩ
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 24 


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Ϊʦһֱã筶ġ
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˼еĲ衣ȻޱޱףΰһҪȻٴӮ֮λޱޱɼ޸δȢ֮ǰ˲档
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뱻ŵޱޱ˼ﲻЦ
ȻĲ
˼æͽǰʱעԼʦݡ

 25 


ڶʮ
筻ص䣬
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ãۡ
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߻ħʦѹƺԼ赼ȻƽϢ񣬿½Ķ֡
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ѩǡЦ
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λμİһ뵽·;ֻʦ壬Ŀֱϲ

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֪ΪΣ筣ֻΡ
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ͻȻӵź񲻿ظһ°ɫӰײȻء
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ɱ˽
֪ǷЦ⡣

 26 


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筼£ѵ͵ԲҪеؼ
ӣ֪£
ֹҡҡЦЦʵҲ֪ԼΪҪǰеգѵΪؼ
ӵʦֺûµıˣʲôҪżδΪ½ӣʡ
ԭΪá
筻ش𣺡ʦԴӳΪɵţͽʮһֱڽ̵ͽܣΪûӵıðɡ
ӦøĿˣϾʦֺµıѶףӦóƺµıΪɩӡ
һԵЩϢȵؿڣʦȻʦĸ
ֹռŮһ˫鶯ۣ쵰֬λǣ
筴𣺡ʦֵͽ֮һ
ʡ
ش
չá
ͷ
ɻλΪ£
ɽ̫ʦ̫ʦáûлش
̫ʦ̫ʦã˵һ𣿻֪
ֹ֪̫ˡЩػش𣺡̫ʦѩ̫ʦý
ֹţɵżλʽѩֳңָ
뵽筺ɽ˵Ŀģһöָ
̵ֹһʱҲ֪ѩġ
ЩûǵϢ
Ǹϴչ̫ʦ̫ʦ²֪١
û¡ʧΪһܴˡ
ãã˺˲ɣҡ
ЩۣһĻϲҪ˲ϲԼôҲټг̡
ֹǸϧˣ̿ʧ飬µľ˾֪̽˾ʱѯһ£ʵ»ջǡ
ллӡ̫붯ڿջϢһᡣ
Сϲֹǡ
뿪ʱ֪Ƿ֪ؼ֮¡
ֹ뿪׷Ťͷ筣ʦ壬ɣɷ񣿡
签׽ķصԡ
ʦҵѩ

 27 


ڶʮ
ֹմۺƷţΰǡڸڡ
˾ˡ
ֹ˰ΰſڵλЦ
ѽԷ׾ۼ
ֹշԸ۷Ʒΰ·
˵̸һᣬֹռʱ࣬ڵֹʾ˾һ¡
£
֪˾Ƿ֪ѩ٣
ΰü
˾Ӧֹ֪Ȼ
ǰѾûǵϢΰ̧ͷֹգΪҪǣ
˼ͽǡֹջش𣬡ֹղӦҪһص걻ѩߵָ
ΰϸһ룬ܿ뵽˼Ҫһָ
˼кøУ˼˵ȻŮס
һΪʦΪ˼ﰴ˵Ҳ׼ң԰ѩ
ڳ˼ʱſһǷ׷Դ
ֻſȻһ޹ޱޱ
üļһ׺
ޱޱֹձ磡
Ǹոʲôô˵˼ͽܣѵȻˣ
ΰԣֻˣȻ
ޱޱüߣˣΪλȻΪʲô
˵ţ黨ʱóһ˦桰žһľ
ڼޱޱӲǣ˭ΰɡ
˵ʲôһŮӼҲͷ¶棬ȥģ
ޱޱضΰ档
ΰۣỤִ̊ϿʼܼȻСˡ
ʲôƨҪ󣬺ߣΰȻҪޱޱñҧ顣
ΰ飬עԴǡ
ޱޱΰһۣ˦űӻطŵԵѾߵġ
ֹҡҡͷɣΪξ˾˲ȥأ
ǸģȻСӻ𣿡ΰôӵۡ
ԭǾ˾᲻ñáֹշӡ
Ůΰ泤̾
ֹռΰ飬ޱޱ֪筺Ȼͽԣ֪ǷҪȥɣ˽ãһȥġ

ޱޱص䣬˦ޣϲ黨޶һߣޱޱȷˡ
ԵѾսսСͻȻƢ
ΪͲ֪ѩȻ֪Ǿ˵ˣڶԣҲڶԡ
˭ȻʦܣֻҪʩв筶ܴɡ
ˡ
С䣬ɸ͵͵ű硣һ档

ֹһ·صڵĿջ
ţӣ
죬筴š
ֹվſڣǸµľ˾Ҳ֪
û¡ϵֻһ֪
Ǵڻȥ𣿡
˽
ûʲô˵ֹձ뿪
筶ֹɫıӰΪҪİʣѵΪؼûؼΪʲôЩ˻ִţ
ŵֹȹǣ筵ߡ
һΣ
߳ջվڽʱﴳһĨɫһƣȻ
ֹǰչ
վһ֬ˮ۵ĵǰ
һ֧۵ӣԴһϤŤͷȥǽϼֹա
ӡ
кøУǫǫӡ
һڹ𣿡
ڿջƣߡʵ筡
֧ʺ㡣ֹռ÷۵ӹۿܾãﶼϲɡ
𣿡ֻӲûҪ˼
ֹòһЦַ̧̯λϣˣµļչЦɡ
վȣðɡҪӷŻȥ
ֹֹ̧סĶȥûٷŻȥĵ²ҳݵչ°ɡ
һֱǸ󷽷ŮҲپֱܾӰѷ۵Ӳڷ١
ֹȻĲȻˡ
ҡҡԼ顣
ͨȻȻһĽϡ
ֹհѾ˾˵Ļشͬ˵
ͷллӡ
չﲻÿֹ͵͵۲
¼ӣӵɫԲ԰ף֪ʲô顣
ڷβɽһǱ赹ֻ˯һãʱ;Щֱֹ֣ʳֵĵطʦڷβɽ赹ԭ򡣡
ȥ˷βɽ
ǵġ
ȥβɽѩ
е֪ȥβɽҪһˣֹȹǣǰǰڷβɽѵҪǽ
ΪҪ
ؼа¥ֹľѵƭ
Ӽһ̣ܾһɴʵģ
ʵ޷
Ȼͨ͸һô筱һ󰵵ī

ޱޱһջǰСϢֹջ
筱ɡ
粽߽ȥƹһæӭǰδǧôˣ
Ҫ˺СŲ
ƹģģ
ôһ筵ģƹָָ¥ĳ䡣
лˡ֮Ȼδǧл١
ƹͷĺ飬ڶδǧŰȫǽ֪Ϊα
ޱޱߵ筵ķǰšһŮûУڱǰޱޱһֱֻȻǰŮӡ
筣
һŭشţʲô£
˵㡣ޱޱ˵Ҫȥ
筵ӵסĮӵ˵ɡ
ޱޱͣ¶üȥɡ
Լȥԭ£筶仰ֱӹš
ޱޱвţ˼Ҹᡣ
ߣޱޱţҪȥɩӣҲɵȻ
ڷе˫һգڴӰڹ
֪ķӡ
Ʒޱޱš
õˣޱޱˣҪԼȥ
Ҫ͵͵ȥȻһϲ¶Цݡ
ޱޱ¥С׼̡
û뵽¥վмλ˸׳ĺӣһҵļҶ
¥λ׳С㣡
ޱޱ˲ըˣڼ
ܻؼң˸֪үڼҡ
һ˦ͥԺĻݲŰ
ޱޱվͥԺ䣬ɣΪʲôȻ
ˣһ㶼
񻰱ϳճԹŮڴֹС
үС
ΰС͵͵
ͥԺķ̾ѵıƿıŮˣ
ʵֻҪŮЩʱˡ
˰ˣҪȥǡ
Сߵ˶˰ɡ
ȻҪߣ߰ɡ
ͷˡ

 28 


ڶʮ
ɽµ
˼ҵһϺõ֬
һλϵ

лҶӡ
վһéǰé൱ҶĵĹңרŷʯиֿĹߡ
Ҷһʵʣƽƽһĺÿ
롣
б̧࣬ӭ˼ݡ
е֬ûпʼԼʱö״ϸڡ
˼߽éݣڵʲڷɾͬҶˡ
Ҷ֬񣬱Ϊôõ֬ҶĻ᲻ãóǮ֬ʱҶϵƱ֬׵ϣݣòҵ֬ûˡ
ҶΨһر𰮲ơ
ֻΪǸ鼮ˡ
֬״һöָ˼ҶöߴСϸڣտʼ
ҶĿʱ˴ţʱ仹磬ʶ˼Ժתתһ䷿ݵ
ﶼʯδƷͳƷ
ϰڷŵһӶסŲ̵һȫʢŵζһʢŮߵģ
ʵϸɫӨ͸ţ֮ϸ
˼ԼϲĶҶĵöӣ۶ټǮ
𽥰һ첻ҶҲٳǸգһܹͣ
˼ûд뿪éݡ
˼ɽʱҶȻ̳һöָ
Өףϸ覴ãΨһȱǿ̫ˣǴж
˼˵شӿͳһƱݸҶģҶȻ⡭
ۣһ
ҶȻʲô
һ֧˼Ҷĵһ䣬ָŵĸϵ
벻Ｋ۹⣬ֻҪǮߡ
С˼ƱҶĵĻϧظ
ʶͺˣ˷ôʱ֬񡣡
ҶЦЦ˵
ˣ·ʯռﶨһʱѧϰա
ѧһԽ麣಻ȡ֪ʶ
ҶĳԿˣɣ˼ѷ
лҶģ˼ָصɡ
Ȼǰ
Ȼеָӯж˼ʦʵõģͽϴָͦõġϰˡ
öָԺɵúš
õģʦȻͷ
ָ£˼ͻȻⱲûʲôҪˡ
˵ĴأĴɣûʲôӽɹʵ˸ʡĵͽܣΨһʡĵķ筣͵ϰа˼գ֪Ҫν⡣
֮֮ˣΨкúȰȰаа߻ħ

ڶͣһһ筺̻ɡ
Դ֪ϲ˼ûʲô˼筳Ϧദõӱǻصɣʦߡ
ɣûʲô飬Ͳɽʱ⡣
˻صɣȷǵ
ĿЦЦ
šͷ
筵ʦģ
ʦһֱԼԺڿЦ
תͷ筣ɫ
û뵽һֱʦ̫Ŀڷ
ӻûٿһ̤ǰߣ˼Ժӡ
µû˼Ͽ
ýζСİƵĺ÷ӡ
ַһҳſڴ
˼̧ͷԽʦ
筣ָ㣬µʱǾͻˣ˵ѩϢˣ
˼һţϽŸ筡
һײһ˫ٶһۣʱͷһˮǰǰͽ£
ϲõȻȴƽ筣עŵϣʶɫЩ԰ס
˼ûѯʣӭֻ֪顣
ҵѩģ
筱Ϊ˼£ǡ
Ŀⰵ筶ûҵ
˼ʶ˵ôʲô
ϣžԼ˵Щˡ
ҪȣȻį筶ûҵʦʦǣǲ筶Զܻ
ǡ˵
˫ɫԽ԰ףְԼϡ
筶߻ħѵʦһ𣿡
ȷʵ߻ħֻǱѹסһֱֵɣصʦߡ
ʦ筳ճ˼筶ˡ
˵ţӲȵ˼
˼ﻹ̽ͷӰһأ˼סԼӡ
筵ϣǳǳĺ籡ʡ
筶筶
˼ҡҡ筣Ȼ˹ȥ
ŲϣŹϺּ̽а
аϴҴܣĿǰܹķѹס
ò׻ָġ
û취˭ͽܡ
˼ﻺ̾ǲǰжҪȻΪβ˾˵·ϣȣ
ѹҴܵа
ôɽԶ˶࣬޷ԭеѹסа
Ҹô˳ս
˼ڴǰ˼ǧ˿ơ
ʱ˯Уμʦʦؽϲ
Ѻڡ
ϴ˯ʦģֿɰ
筼ԣʦ
˼ﱻѣתͷϵ筣оô
ղʱѷа¥ٴαѹƣʦһξ
öˡ筵ɫڹ߰ʦãõҪֲסռ
Ȼˣ˼ǣ泯筻筶ΪʦΪҪаڿʼҪΪʦϵа
رɲ͵аס筵۾ǰǰ͵а˲ܣˣֻܶ㵽Ҳĵط
ڽϵǴܼ֪ġ
Ϊʦ筶ҲΪڽϴ粽УʱΪʦĿǰϵаͺãټġ
˫սӣʦ筶𣿡
˼磬ֻܾŲϰ筶㲻
ԭֲֻȻ
Ѷĺ÷ָȻ޷ܣҪʦȫá
кܶ书筶㲻һֱ𣿾ͰԭȥͿˡ˼ﻹ˼ô筷ϵаĺ¡
ô죿а¥ܷϵҪȻЦ
ʲô㾹Ȼа¥
ǰǰľа¥
תͷʦǲҪɱңͽô鷳
α֮˺ơ
һգԺ˵ǿģĿ
˼վǳ⣺筣
ֱǺı¿ηΡ
Ϊһֱúô筣Ȼ֮ûƫ̻עϵľԽԽ࣬ôȴ⸱ģ÷ǳİǰɲ
ĶҲȥ
һ̣˼ﻹҪ筡
ֻҪȥϵ˷־ûʲô¡
ʦôʲôкܶҪõа¥ءһۣǵǰ͵ϮɵĻɽ󷨣Щ˿ɶҪõͽϵа¥ҺͽѾʼа¥͵ϮɣΪЩ˶ͽɱˡ
˼ﶢһһϵĴ³ͻȻ֮䣬޷筵ıʣǸʲôˡ
筷·𿴳룬筶ʦͽܣӵĳ֮չʾʦǰ
˼תٿʵҪȲҲ䣬ֻһδīĽɫ֮ɡ
ԣզզġ

 29 


ڶʮ
Լ
˼ﶪ仰뿪Ӧ˵롣
һֱʦͽ֮飬ôŮ֮飿ʮһ꣬۲ݡ
³һܲŷԺӣԼܳԼԺӣȥġˣ͸͸
ţ
˼סЩҪ
ʦɽȥģôʦһ˵ӣ
ͣ½ŲĿ΢䡣
˼شӺʦȥβɽȥԣ֮
ȥβɽʲôȻҪȥôԶ
ʦ˵Ҫһˣĸûи֪ӡ
筻һֱ˼ķڣΪβֱƫԹŮܲף֪ڷʲôΪʦ˼Ȼӡ
ʦ岻ͬҪҵˣֻʦҪҵ˻赹һѾö֮࣬ȥ˶Դ̫ʦ̫ʦá
˼üһ̧ͷʣôˣҪģ
˼ûм׷ʣ΢ʦ̫ҪطЪϢ
ţطЪϢɡ˼ڰֻ֣ز˷
Ӹˡ
һ뿪Χڰ
˼Ψȥȹһޡ
ѩûҵ£˼ȻƪҲֻҪһȨԭָѾָ֮£ҵָԺҲѾҪ
ֻҪѩȻ֮λǻӭȨͽܻɣϾݰ

˼﷿ڡ
ʦȥĿȻʹ
סԼĿһ˫ˮͫضĳһ
ĳһĹ̵ۡ
վǰױ̨ϰڷŵױûкϡױ￴һ֧һ֧ûгֹӡ
ʦȻÿҲҪ֧Ӹʦ
¶ЦɲǼ޻εʢõ껳õİ⡣

˯һ޵˼ᱳʹֻʯɿ˯ӡ
˼ճܼҡ
ܼһƾջȻ˼ס
ô
Դ˼֮λøȻܼҳƺʱĿڳΪ
ϲƺоԼᡣ
˼ڵЩβ͸ڲ͸һ¡
˵䣬𲻱Ҫᡣ
筺ֻôûޣ
Ŷ˼Ƥڷɡ
ĸ䣿û뵽ܼ׷ʡ
˼ﲻȻԼô
ܼһǵģūȥ筵ķ䣬ûпˣ
˵һûм𣿡
ܼҵѯʣ˼Ŀ⿴һɽҩ˰ɡ
ǣʲôˣܼż
źܣûʲô¡
⺢ֻԼʦŲҩȥһУڲ󣬽ܼڽͿܲûɽҩ
˼ﲻͷˣܼңһʲô
ܼҾջƵū޳²Żûмż
ģɣͱˡ˼ﰲܼңܼһֱϲ筣ܾܿ࣬ʵʦߣôܿأӹš
ܼ仰ԷȥҪ¡
˼̧ͷ죬ɫսྻûһ˿ʣɫһֱ죬աʱ鲻֪˵
תȥŷûенǰʳлط˳˵ù䡣
صԼ䣬Ȼ筻䡣
ʵаѾѹסһɣû뿪Ϊɡ
°ɫ£֪ʲôʱʼ°ɫ
Ϊ°ɫɫʦɫ·
ڴ̨ǰķ羰ӳڵС
죬תͷһµ˼ʳ߽
չգȵʦ
˼ûп筣ĬؽҿʳУʳһһϡ
˰ɡƽᡣ
ÿƽʦò͡
ǰ˼˸һࡣ
ٿȻץס˼۽ޣ֮,ɫ紺֮Ҷüºɫ̲Ũûī
ôʡ
ʦ筶֤㿴
Ҫ֤Ϊʦʲô˼筵֣Ȼûнӣǰ
筵ͷ޲
˼û𲻴𣬿ʼò͡
Եһ룬Դ֤筶ϲʦĲǳ嶯
ԵĽӺʧȥζ˼ζ
λ˼û˵ò͡
һԵ̶ʦ
ʲô£˼һ׵غࡣ
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˼ЦһСӵϲгŪ֮⡣
ԱߵȻСӣʮųȵĸ顣ڹŴѻ䣬ֻ筵Сۻĸ顣
תͷʱȻ˫۱סȻ˰סףͶµӰ㵵ݣĴͬʱӡϡ
㵵ۣҵ˫۱ס筵Ļ
Ҫǳ⣬ȴǣ˼ҧסݡ
ʦ졣̾
ͻȻʹҧһ˼˼ﱻȴ򿪱ݣĿУһѪζζ١
˿罺ᡣ
վڴĲԶ·ɽ뱻ײһĻ
°ɫͰɫһ˫쳣ʹ
ݺݵصǣ˵ӵǣǶԡŮ
һ̣筣顣
һͷȵת뿪Ҫһ£һޱȺڵ¡
ԽԽͣ˼ܲסطһɲǣƳԼǱýʣ筡
ڶţû֮±˼𿪣屻ײɵ
ײϵıīֽ׷׶ͷ䣬Ǳصڵϣ°ɫ·մϺܴһīīɨϣҵ
˼ȫڷúܡ筻ûлָʣڸոձտҲɫҰף÷˿ǳŭ
ָ⡣
͸Ʒ˿˼ϣĴѪ˿µĺۼ
ѹ¡
ðӱƼˣ筴ӵȥմī㡣
ʦ筶ûк࡭
˼ϻ˵һ㶼뿴筡
ֻҪϸᷢ˼Ҫѹ׾١
ʼʦĲһһ뿪
߳Ժӣ˼жǿŵ̱ϡ
ͽԽԽˣǺá

 30 


ʮ
ʲôʱϲʦأ
߻Լ򴽣·ڻζ
筲ǵãֻǵõһۼʦһĨůҪץס
鲻֪һ
Ľ̵ڹʱһɽɲҩʱУϽʱԺｲʱĳһѱݡ
Ǽº˼Ų筡
ղϿʹת˹ָ
һ˼ķţ˼ֱŪ
µ˶֪ʦΪ˼Ѿûгţʳͽڡ
筱Ǳ˼﷿䣬类˼￴
ʦˡ筴۽ޣį
۽Ͷ°Ӱ΢ڣʦҲҪõʦ
ֻкݺ˺ʦŻ֪ϲһʦͽܡ
ڷЩˣҪǻĹǵķ
˼򿪷ţû뵽վԺС
筼˼δüչЦ˼ȻŶĳһ˲
߶Ѿ
ȥ˱ŤȰ˵˼ʲôҪϽͨ⿪ʲôԵĵطҲҪϽͨ໥½⡣
˼˿Ļ
̾ʾˡ
һţǰѾľʧ˼»̧Ҫһ󷨡
ʦͽܣȻ
˼ĶסȻ
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ʦʲôҲʦѵԣʦҪ˵˵׷ʲôˡ
˼ﲻصΨתƻ⣬Щͽ̵ô
ʦתƻ⡣Ȼ׷ʡ
˼̾ûʲô¡
ΪʦֻҪڷڲȥ
Ϊβʦܣ
ѵ筰ȱȻȰ˵
˼ЩֻżĻ
׼ӣ֪۷ʲôںȻȻȰ˵
ʵ˼ˣ筸ûȻȰ˵СȻʦĳôáˡ
ζӲȻ׷ʣ˼ڱɣΪʦڲɽûҵʦʦá
ԭȻЦЦʦð죬ͽҲɽʦʦǣͱʦܵ
á˼ܾѩѾûбҪԣΪʦԭ·ҧгݡ
ȻЦʦܾͲˡ
˼㵣˳Ȼȥֻ֦Ҷï滨ԼԼи°ɫӰѾ֪筡
˵ΪԺûˣǲϡ
һ˲䣬˼ЦãвһЩ֮ǰΪ
ϵ筣滨̫ǰ˼Ȼԡ
ʱ˼ȻȻѩڣ筵ץס֦ץһֵƤľмʼɵǡ
̸֪ʲô˼ȻĿߣԭǷ
Ц֣滨һҶ
ʦܡ
Ȼǳ˫Ŀֱӿ˼˼ײĺŵñĳ
ȻʦѾԭˡ
ˣ΢΢Ծ̵ЦԭʦҲԭͽ
ղԣȻ筶Դʦ̬ȺʦЩ졣
ôˣ
ʦĿͶ˼
˼ңΪ˲Ȼ֮䷢£æסɫǵģΪʦѾ㡣
áȻĹͰɡ
³Ǹղ˵ʲôˣǺʦ֡
лʦ֡
Ϊʲôолܶ˼ǱĶлȻŤš
˼ﲻ뿴ǰ־۵ΪʦˣǸæȥæɡ
˳Ϸţûǵͷڹˡ
˼뿪Ժ筺Ȼ
筲תߡ
ȻҪסȴûʲôɽģʦԶˡ
ϲ筣¶֪¡
룬Ľּ筡
ޱޱϲˣǣҲǡ
ȻգҲ뿪
ɻ齵˼Żзڶ࣬ռķ筣˦Ҳ˦֣Ե
˵筣˼ﻹǲΪ͡
ԭʦͽܵģ
筵ļЦ˼ƽûаŹ潫Ȼܺˣǲ֪㡣
ֻҪ㰲ɵͽܣΪʦô⻰˵мв֮⡣
߬ȭͷô죬ζյζ
˼üȰ㲻Ҫ̫֡
筶ֻʦٽ筶筲ĵҪ̤ǰһǰֹĽŲ
ʦѾз֮⣬ֻҪһ;ôô
꣬ǳ롣˼ΪʦαǿǣΪ㻹л̤Ժ

һӴ򣬼ηݺ̧Žӡ
иηʽˣС㣬½Σ
ӵĴһüֿɰ̽
С˵ˣȥĿջš
֡ηӦţݺݵ̧ǰ
ӵĿջţηѽѹͣȴǳüֿɰѾͷѾͷվһ࣬˫ӣһ˶η̲סס
˶һ룬ü޻ˡ
͵͵ܳθޱޱ
˳شӶܵ򣬳ɹΰ淢֡
һ·ЩˣޱޱԵСＸ䣬С㸶ηǮ뿪
СޱޱߣһסջϷ
ϣޱޱױ̨ǰСΪͷ
С䣬˵ҪҪǰ֪ͨɣ
ôȥȻ
͵͵ǱɸȻһϲ
С룬ô𣬡С㣬˵ôô
ûѾޱޱ󲻶е뷨
뵽Ȼһϲޱޱ˲ѡ
뷨á
ΪԵԼɽȻСޱޱȻѡͽɽ
ɽũС仹ãޱޱͲˡ
۵㺹죬˿ѡ
С㣬ҪС仹ɽнӰɡ
áޱޱϵĺ飬Ͳϸɽܰĥ򵹡
ò˵ޱޱŰ裬ԴȻȴһƬ֮ģޱޱڹȻϲһŮӡ
ޱޱǰվڴǰ
ɵĴһ˰أǰ˼ﵱʱɢ
Ъ˺һСҡڽɡ
ɶһЩף˵ȻһЩͽܣЩӦþͽܡ
ɵĵӿǺˣ
ޱޱʶҪȡʵ黨ޣһ뵽Ȼͽܣ侲
ȻδޱޱǧѰ򡣡
촽Ҳ֪ʦδޡ
Ȼʦδޱǵʦĸӡ
ޱޱؿǵӣֻҪȻǲҪȻֻҪľͿˡ
һӹŴȷʵǸǧС㣬ʦںɽ
ޱޱչ¶ЦݣλӺʵЦ̫ˡ
֪ɽģСɽȥ

 31 


ʮһ
ɽȻĵպý
뿪ҲС
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һ
ͷϵķ۵ҪߣɻָԼʦҵʲô£
ΪʦЩʽǺ׼ȷ£Ϊʦ㡣
Ȼʯվߵǰݸһ񽣡
ӹ񽣣鵽Ȼûнʦôûý
ȻɨһԼ֣Ϊʦָһ˵ţѵطóʹչֽš
ףڿտĵطںüƣͻȻȡһ֮紵Եķ˿ʹĽȴ
Ȼҡҡͷ˵еĽ
ٿʹ֮½¡
ȻΨнָһ
ʱޱޱ͵͵ɽǿԿһȻӵС˵˵ִһһͬʹལ
С䵣ԼС㣺С㡭
ޱޱҧݣеҶ
ȻȻ֪ڿС
һעڽϣû⵽˵ĿѳΧ
ʹȥ
ȻޱޱΪ̶
Ȼʲô
ĽŲ޷̤ȥֻȻ˫۾۾ȴǿˡ
ޱޱһԼĸ齻ȥܹյ˻ѸȻ϶ޱޱʵԴרһ
˫һ˿ˣͷ͵Լûɡ
Ѿףġ
ޱޱתߣС伱æϣС㡭
ȥļǿ
·ǰļӣӾޱޱô
ޱޱͣɨһۣҪʦȻȡ³ޣž˦ڵϣŵüһ㶡
Ӹܵޱޱв֮⣬ʶ뵽ޱޱµһ̵ǧ𣬻Ϊá
ޱޱͣų뿪ɡ
ڽ޵Ϣ
ޱޱԼԼģɾǿƲסԼ
η壬ȴȻ˸ͷųִزһ
оȻ׷Ŀ׽һ٣֡
ʦʱ磬Ҫæ¡
ȻվӰϣɫţȥæɡ
뿪Ȼѣ޸ղŵԼ

ĿķΣվǰ֪ѡʲôá
Щ̫ۣʺʦ
ϰ壬ûиõģ̧ͷʡ
ϰֻλòѵһüĿ续ӢӢһ˫һٶ顣
ӣиõġ
ϰӵ¹һľУ򿪣һ֧ξںȱɵİ÷ʢоɽ˿׺ڻ֦ϣ͵ݻ
ÿʦϲ
ûиõģ
⻹ãϰԾλ۹ܸѽ
ϰڰ֣ûˣΪֻһ
ʧ䣬һûҵʦϲķ
ӣ
Ҫ뿪筱סףһİЦеؿ
иõģֻҪҸõġ
˫ɢԽǮ׷
ϰʶѽҶӣҵ⡣
ǰûʵסɱ
˵Ļܲ𻨣ϰ˼ϤַģֺǺǵسЦиҶӣҶӿռѣõӡ
עĿǣ
ҶġҶ˫ض筡
ҶѾ筺ܾãĿߣ£Ǹ£Ĺ͡
ʲôʱһ筱Żɵ̬ȸҶéݡ
éһۿһ֧ʦڵͬķֻǰƷ
ǣ
Ҷɨһۣ˴һ֧ûһ֧Ҫٿ˼һѡ
ѵҲˣ
筲µʦ
筲Ը˵ҶǴ򿪻ϻӣ˻һָ
ָ
ָõϺõ֬ҿˣҪ˳ִ󷽣Ҷ򡣡ҶǸְˡ
筴۽ޣ۾·ͶһƬӰ
㿴ҵķ׼ֵ㹺򡣡
ҶϵϢŨŨΪ
кıڶڷżӵķݡ
Ŀ
㿴
Ҷָһļӡ
߽˿ѡһ֧Ʈͷⷢ
뿪éݣָĦķܵ⡣
ԭʦҲѩѾ˶ָԭָ
˵ʲôأʦȻáʦĺֻܹС
筻صɣȻ
ĿӹȻָϵָɫЦ
ʦܡ
ʦֱӲȻ¶Ҳزǰԭʲô޴ӵ֪
˼ԺӣսϵķڸҸյµϢ

ʱúܿ죬һֵÿĳϦ
˼ѵó˼լ硣
Ժ⣬˼Ӱü۲Ⱦϲá
һʦ
˼Ƴһۣûֱת뿪
ʦ׷ȥ
˼ͣ½Ųתͷ촽²Ϊ
Ѹٵͷ筶ʦʦҪ筶筶ܡ
˼šһ̧ǰ
˼ѩ׵ıӰʦԭˡ
ϲóǻ
ĳϦӣóԳԸúȺȡ
Ϧʱɳɿţת۵ÿһȵִᡣ
˼ٴνӵ
ܼҳ˼ۣʵ˭μӣ
û˭μӣȻΪɵţʹɲμִᣬֻҪһܽҲһʤʽٴε
˼һԡ
Ȼ
ȻִΪҪϵ¡
ȴԥԥ
ʦǿģֻ˵Ҫʮ͸ޱޱ
˲ҵġ
ӽǡ
Ȼ֣µģһĨЦˣ겻ޱޱ㲻𣿡
Ȼ۽޶˶ӵţһֱûʱ俴ޱޱǵӵĲԡ
ûж벻ԣֻԲԵԼġ
˼̾ȻȻϲ˵ԺҲȻţ뿴ȻĴֻܲԸһһһ˫ˡ

ĳҥ𣬸˼ճӵ֧֧ᡣ
˼ﷳʤлֱ˵
³һ˼ߣ˵筡ҥʦͽҡס
˼žطľᣬ˭ҥģ
ɲ඼ˣнϡ
˼ɫݣ֪˭ҥ
ҪЩҥԣҵͽܣҶֻʦͽ֮飬ûĸ顣
㣬˿ɲ˽㡣
֮ôֹεҥԡ
ףһ˭ҥЩ
˼÷٣һ֧Ʈͷⷢ
ֻ֧ÿ
ͭճ˼ɫֻһ֧׺ű¡
ķ
ɽҩĳա
ɽԶԶ
˼ϣһɵ筡
ʦ
мҪ㡣
ӻͳһ֧ͷϴ֧
Ƕʦ񡣡
ʦ£ԺҲ᷸ˡ
Ϊʦء
˼￴˫һӯӯˮ󣬴Ρ
ʵڿһǰҪδ޵ӡ
筷·ץס˼ӣʦ筶һ⡣
˼Ψнӹϲķ
óѡķ
Ϊʦˡ
չգһʢŵļ޻ſ̤ǰһɽɲҩ
ɽ˵ǣôһ˲䣬Զ
ʦͽ˼һѷϵȡ£ַŽϡ
һԵ˼Ķʵ
˼һȡڷϣû֧ÿ
Լİˡ
˼ٿԼվܼҰɵ˶ۼڴϡ
õġѿ˼֮⣬ȵôڲҳʢҥԵߣûǱá
˭ôĶ⣬˵һ±ӿ
᲻ҥ
˼Լ˼Ѿ֤Ժ󲻻£ΪʦӦҪһĹĻᡣ
ʱú÷ʡ
˼ﻹ᲻筣Ͼͽܣֱ⡣
֪˼룬ԭǷģʦûжϧʼͽܡ

 32 


ʮ
˼վڴϣȻϹʦ£
֪
˴Ӵ߽̤㿴˼סķʣ£
ҲȥһȥٵתϣɨһֻۣĹ֣վڸλ˼
˶ڴɵۡ
˼һһɨµˣʱٱܿԽԽĲ²⡣
ҥ֮Ѿ֪
һ䣬µ˿ʼͷӶĿ޵ش˼Ʈ筣ִƮ˼
筴ʦͽϵκβĹϵ˭ҥԣɽš
Ȼɴ۾ʦ
˼￴ܺĵӡ
תͷܼңҲҪܺµˡ
̧һһĹâȻ
˼ʼոоһ߽Լϣûȥֻ֪筡
˭ҪǴЩеҥԣ筲Źκˡ
վڴϵͻȻڣҷ׷׿˼Ҳڿ
ڶʹûʲôԼ׿ڷʹ
˼ﾪ筵̬ȣ𽥻ͣĺͽܣԼĴ󣬲Ҹ
ڵеֻӥɫؿǰһУȻģ֪Ǵ͵һ
筵Ļһ꿡ݣɢ迿Ϣʵءٲصɫʡ
֮£ûٸҥʦ̫ʦҥԡ
λǱָߵˣΪɵĵӿɲٰ˵Ρ
ٱְȨߵˡ
·ƪ˼ʱὭʢ筵ҥԣ׼һ¡
ÿһȵִἴʼɵĴٴξۼһֻΪͱȻ
ԴǰԶţ֮ûгԶšȻյʮͽܣΧסʦʦͽʶʶִɡ
յͽΪкӣȻ⣬ΪʦԺٴǳȥ
Լʦ󲻶ת˼ʦ̫ʦ̫ʶʶִᣬʦȥɡ
˼ѵЦЦץסᣬʦ̫ʦ̫ʦǼʶʶִɡ
һȻӏĴͽܣɽʶҲ
ȻòҪ˦ǣԼʦһŽ
뵱ͽܵʱʦһ㶼档
ֹһΪʲôʦܻûͽ
ɱ˼ʦҲ쵽ͽܵʱ򣬱ġ
ӏǻطʰɣϽģҪȻʦܵˡ
еӏʦʦǻطʰΨȻˡ
ǸСӡ
ȻƺƵشʮͽɽΪ׳ۡ
˼ЦеĿǣɵѾصԹĵطתٴα塣
ˣ΢紵дϢ
֤Ȼޱޱĳ㿪ʼʼΪԼ
Դ磬ûкúÿΧҲԼͽģ̸飬һͽͬ뿪õѡ
ҲӦÿʼѧϲһˣҵеǸһ

Ķٴ
һ·ϣȻҾ
ҳдɡжȤʮͽܡ
СԪɡ˵Ȼ
ȻӦԶ
İӰ˭ΪҪСԪɣ
ṩŵԸλʱһԪɵᦣᦵԱһλ뷢׵ߣԪš
֣ȻעԪɣѵԪɵǱʶ˵
Ȼɫع۲ԪɷֲӦ˵Ӱ졣Ȼ˦˦ͷעڳϡ
ɵ筶ԾԪɴ
˻һ䣬Ȼ͵վֻһ°ѵ꣬īЯһ
ע⵽֮ϯվĿ⿴ȥԭȻѽ
ˮͫ͸¶˵뷨Ȼָǣʦܣôִˣʦ֪
Ծһʼǻζ±ܶˡ
ڳ˻Ȼѵһƥ
ɡ˵Ŀתᦵĵط
ԭ˼ͽô㣬Ȼ˼ʦ²ô̳ͽѽҥ԰ܻ˼޵
˲ͬ뷨ǣȻʦҪʦûжʤİգϾʦԼʵʵ
筶Ծ꣬ת̨ȻҪ볡筵Ӱŵ侲λϣȥӰ̫ʻüģȻ̫Ѩʹ
ԵĵʣʦΪʲôʦμִ᣿Ҳ֪
һȫԾȻ볡ӏ˵չ˺ʦʦãΪʦʱ뿪
Ȼ筵ȥ򣬵ջſڣ㿴
ʦܡ
̧һۣʲô£ʵҲ֪Ȼԭ
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ʦ˵ˣ
ջĿ⣬ʹʦ֪Լľ
Ϊʲô
̧뿪
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ʦܣѾ뿪Ȼ̾Ϊʦֵһʦ筵
ִлģĻȻɵĵ筡
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ſһС
ȻҧҧҲ¡
վ筵б棬ҲһһͨĽ
״ˮͫĮǰɱɱ·޳߳ħ
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ʦܣСһ𳤴ʦܣҪɶ֡
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筳Ца¥ƾԴԴϹĵʤ
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һɵ筳ΪһִֵỺĻ
˵עڳϵʱһһֱŵŻ׵ĺ룬˫Ŀԭɵĵ筡

 33 


ʮ
˼ﴹоţȻдšʦ֪ܲΪμִᡱ
ΪΣֻһ뷨
յŵʱִѾŽѾ
˼䣬ϽܼҴִ
ܼҺò״ɽ¸մ˼ͳҪϽ˵
ܼžջƵͨ죬˼ۼҪܼңѸٷ졣ŵܼҵļܼһ˻Щ˵޳
˼ﵱҪ˫Ŀѣ뵽ĲΪ筳ΪϲãȻô죿ĵһô죿ΰ滹᲻Ȣޱޱ
ϾȻһж˼˵ΪҪϵȫ
ܼҹ۲˼ʧɫݣ筳Ϊ
˼ûлشܼҵĻʣȻأдȻϢ𣿡
ܼҡҡͷֻ筵ϢûȻϢ
˼ҪȥԣȵȻΰ棬һ㶼筡
筱Ȼ֪λöȻҪԣˣ֪ʲô˼һ㶼֪
൱ں˺ֶΰҪľЧչҵͼ
ȻҪΪŮʵȻʤΰ濴֮ټӶһȻٴε
˼˵ͽܵҪҪ˳
ɲ뻨ٲµı
ü˵ȻѪ֣֮ԭһʼ̫ţʼ
֪Ѫ֮ǷȻΪµ¡
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˵㶯˼ʰ뿪ɡ
˼ӱԣ֪Ȼջæǰ
һλ뻨׵棬ߺܳԾĴڣ·˸ߣܿԼ¶顣
ææ˼ûڿջſڵߣȥҵȻ
Ȼ򿪷ţ˼ʦ
ޱޱ𣿡
·ȻʱޱޱûС
ˣ϶үͬޱޱ޸ˡ
ʱȻţʶСʱʦطʣʦô죿
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筵˫ֻ˼ʦˣȻͻȻһܵ뷨ðǡ𺳣Ŀ˼ؿ筡
˼΢üʱһ㶼ش筵Ļ
Ϊ˦筣ܵ˵ˡ
筲ŵ׷ʣ棿
˼̧ͷ筵һۣҪȥ
ˣ筸ûиĹԼĴһС
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β죬˵ʲôԭʵǼٵġ
ΣѵҪصǰʦã
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ס죡㵱Ϊʦܸˣ֤ΪʦͽһΪʲôƫƫҪʱȻ֮λ
筶ʦʵҲżҪ֮λͶһԵȻȻ񱻿˼û֮λ׷󲻴󣬶ֻԴʮӦµĳŵŵٴȡ֮λӭȢޱޱ
ʱĿ飬ûжమޱޱ
˼ûϸȻ뷨ԴֻޱޱȻţǱضһ
۶Ƕ˷
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˳
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˼ס筵˫ͫڵ˫ͫӳӰ
֣筶Ҳɱ
ѹ֡˼ǲǵҲɱģ
筶ѵӦñ𣿡筷
˼ﲻûɱǣҲֻǡ˼ﱻ֮³ͷԷ裬ֻǲһ׹ħ֮Ϊֶβ̵Ľħͷ
ԭĸٻΪɱڶŮħͷϵ˺ɱ
ֻǲ·Ϊߡ
签ò飬һ˲˼ֻˣ筶ɵźô
ΪʲôʦֿԵ筶ȴԵ
߽ס˼ãʦӦôش𣿡
˼п˵˵ǴԽˣ˵ǳΪȻʦҸΪɵţɳΪһɡ
ĿضԶܹɵȻΪ
˼ͷס筵һʱ䣬æ¡
ע⵽Ķ΢
ӽ筶ɵһš
УΪʦһ첻Ȼһֱɵš
ʦȻж˼ִά
ָΪʦ
ʦΪô׾õָøۡ
Ҫʲô˼üͷ֮ԽԽŨ
ȻѿЦ筶Ҫʦ筶
˼һϣ˿Ҫѣ
Ȼ̲סǰһǳ筣ʦܣǵʦ
ҵȻ֪ҾҪʦ޸ңôˣдôĸٳҴûд签ħ˷ָ
ͽ˼̲ס֡
̧һϮ筣һֱ˼ĶѸٱܿ
Ȼæס˼ʦ侲ﲻʺϴܵĵط
˼侲ŷǿջڿջķҺùţ泳֪٣ϣʲôҲûϾ²
һ֣Ŀ䵭ؿ筡

 34 


ʮ
Ȼߣ˼תͷȻ˵
Ȼؿʦȥģ
ȥθ
ȻӰȴʦӱϾִᣬүôޱޱ޸ӣ
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ûмޱޱѵ㲻𣿡
Ȼͷãʦȥ
ҪѼµΪʦ㣬Լ£ΪʦֻǸָԽ򡣡˼ȻľԴôϡ
վһԵ筣˼۲Ϊصͷ뿪
ʦ筶һΪɵš筵Ļ
㶨ҪôΪʦȰɡ
˼仰Ȼ뿪䡣
վڷ߬ȭͷʦΪʲôҪԴ筶
˼ȻθθŽա
Ŵţ˼Ҫ߽ȥ˵һ߹ض˵үɵһɲڡ
˼Ϊʶǣǰүǧס
ү˵ǽ
˼㵣Ϊʲô
Сֻǰү£һŲ
ΰ̬ȾȻתŮ޵Ȼˣ˵ŮѵԼ岻ƣ
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ȻǸŮ֡С
ΰޱޱִܻ鲻ԣæʣŮôˣ
ޱޱûлشŤ䡣
Сΰ˵үСǿ׼үˡ
ΪʲôȻӦÿĵôûˡ
Ϊ׼үϲ˱ˡ
ΰ˫ĿԲɣüëң
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ޱޱڷĨʵ㲻Ҫܣҵ¡
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ԺټǱɡ
ҪıŮˡ
Ըɵ˽θ
վθǰ˼εؿţɸֵضȻ㿴Ը
Ȼûпģһ뵽ޱޱɳĬԲסޱޱ
ʦһᴦ¡ⲻȥȻ̧ͷ֣صض˼
Ϊʦܹá˼ֻܸȻģҲȥ
ϵͳȻɵţɳΪһɣûҪȥԶȻĸ鲿ʵɲȻȻΪͽܣΪʦӦЭȻɸЭȻЭʣΪϾǸʦ֮¸ܰﵹæɷӣֻҪֺñɡ
˼һ·߻ؿջƫƧĵطŲ
һתûˣֻԵ֦ҡΡ
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ż⣬
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ѵҪ
ʦ˼ҪֲסʱǡɳһϤ
筡
˼°ɫӰͶС
ѧаλ˳Բ
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Ҫǰ׷˼ֹǲס
˼ҳףҪȻеһο϶еڶΡ
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˼ҡҡͷܸӣո˶ţϵţȴԼΪʦо߯ӡ
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ĿͶű𴦣ˡ
վǰ筶ϲʦԸܹȢʦʵ筶˵ҪҪʦûа筶ϡ
Լͽܵף˼߳ŭ筣ΪʦʦһΪʦΪʦ
ĸٳҺ⣿ϲʦ쾭塣
˼Ҫըѣͽ
Ϊʦ򡣡
˵ţ˼תҪߡ
߬ȭͷһҪɵţҪŵȢʦ
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ˣһˡ
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˼ײһƬ֡
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ΪһߣһûнԹû񼫵£벻ͨ벻ͨ
˼﷢ɢ˼ά˼벻ͻȻԿһѵԭĳң
ԭֻʮ꣬ĳң
ҪҲĸٻ
ٻ˼סˣٻŮħͷѵĳŮŹ
пܡ
շɢ˼ά˼˼óһۡ
ìܣΪƫƫҪʱɱ
ΪʲôѡлʱɱأǸס
ѵҲ͵֪ڶʮ򻨶ûзɱΪλҲûɱ㲻
˼˦ˣЩʼôҲ벻¡̫ˣΨлصȫĵطȥ
֪Ѿֺܳʱ䣬˼̧ۣŵļҪͣ
Ȼһӣдšѩ֮Ĺ
ӺһݸߵķĹӲݡ
ģʱ걻ѩķĹԭԣѩɱˡ
һ˲䣬Ȼ巢䣬¡
筰ѩɱôҲᱻɱ
˼ﾹȻûвҪȻҲԱһ
ʵǸİˣһҪܼ±ɱĿܡ
ѩ֪ʬѰ׹ɭɭ
ҹķ
˼ֻͨ巢
ѵ̧뿪ôһ˲Ҫ硣
筻᲻ɱȻ
һ̫ܵͷԴ
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ɱȻ
ǰ·ɱȻ˼ﱼṦӳ֣ûȥȥԣȻ
ɲ֮䣬ü˵Ѫ֮֡
пȻѡ
ҪȻ֮λԿ筵˼
һ

 35 


ʮ
Էһ¡
ɵҪȡʦȻ֮λ
筶ƣɵ֮λִʤ֮ߵΣ˭Ϊ˭šӦɵš
˼ϵʱ򣬾ѷ츲ء
Ȼɵ֮λãֻû
˼ҵȻȻɵš
Ȼڴ̨ǰį˵ʦʦܱҸʺϵɵš
θ˼ߺȻֻһվθǰĵȴޱޱĳ
ڣǵ¹ļϣޱޱûг
Ȼһֱţȵ賿ʱ֣θĴſһһۡԼʮ˧˳үΰ档
վڴǰ·̨µȻִᣬΥǰԼСŮ޸㣬Ҳ㣬İɡ
¹Ȼʱ԰׵૵үҪޱޱ
ΰ治ٿתθԵ˹˴š
֨ѽһ쳹Ȼʣүеظޱޱټ޸ʱһ˲䣬ȻڷʹʧܻޱޱԵ
ԭʵǰʱǶôһȻ·ĵ͹ȣû뵽ִʧܻ˴Ӱ졣
˵ǳȻ̵ĸܣһûкõĽ˻޴ʧС
ָҪɵţȻûκذɵ֮λø
Ȼ֪ʦʧˣڴ̨ϵķǣûһԼġ
˼ȻĻҪġû뵽ԼĴͽܱҪųֻûеˡһ뵽һͽܣˣУ
Ȼɵֻܹôߡ˼ĿסȻȻ̧ͷ㶵ؿ˼ֻ˼˵仰Ӳתȥ
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˼תȥ筣ָ
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筵ûڷڣ˼ǰ߼Ȼ֪ϤϢ
˼ƿ˼ûһ˿ķ䣬һȥ㿴ǰһ°ɫ筣īк󣬵ĿͶŽ˼·﹧ʱ
ƽ޲˼ļһ֮ء
˼Ϸţ뱻֪ɵ顣
筵Ŀǰ筣ָ
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ǺãҪʦңʦô
УΥ׳˼һ뵽ԼҪԼͽܸϣ˼Ƥ񣬼ֱǿĸӸһ޷˽ܡ
ʦ㿴Ҫʦȴ㣬˵ô໹Ϊֱָ˼Ȼʦѡ񡣡
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Ե뵽ǰĻŵñ˼ǰסļ򣬼ʣʦôˣ
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˵ĶѾ˵꣬˼ﱳ뿪筶վڷڣԭʦҲĸ飬˵ʲôء
˼صȻ֣ذָȻ֮ףܶʧˡ
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ȻڵĿջҪһϷϴһҪڴʱ˼˱¥筡ķʹͽܣͽûгá
ҹˮе˼ͻȻѣһĿⶢ
һƬֻര͸һ¹⡣
һɫӰվߣ˼Ȼѹס̻ܵϤϢ
筣˼
ɫӰ˶˼ŽӲЩô⣿
ʦҵô𣿡
˼̲סҪۣⲻǷϻ˭ϲ˯רվڱ˴ǰ
һ˫ҹҲԵˮͫ˼˼ﲻʲôʱˣȥЪϢɡ
˵仰ǰӰһ˼Ĵ
筶ʲôûڴ֮С
˼һ筵.ץסϵǰٺݺ˼ĺؿҧĴѪ졣
ʵ̫ˣԼȻ򲻹Լͽܡ˼˾ţ֮筵ž˦һƣڼžҹ
ɫӰһ˼ԽӲˣǽ·ˡ
ʦҹﴫһ
㲻ΪʦζˣûиĹͽҪʲô˼
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˼ϵ筻һĶϽ绯ƶԸû뵽筱죬ֻûгֶԸӲһ
˼ﲻʡ£筰˼ﱧͷĴ͵˵ʦ筶ѭ˼
˼֪иʲô߰˼Ȼƿڴͽ

 36 


ʮ
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ⲻǿջķ䣬һİĵط
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ˣ𣿡
˼ԻذĿתţϵӳһӰ
ѵִԽˣɱ˵ķˣ
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˼˼ﵱˣЦݵ˵ˣҪϴһ𣿡
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ģ
筣һʶ筵ģѵ筴ģ
˼粽̤ţҪ뿪æ󣬼ˣҪȥģ
ҵתת
˼һȦһլԺ˲࣬Ķ׷׵ͷˣ˭ķˣ
լԺĴŽգ˼ǰҪųȥһֱԽסˣүܳȥ
ү˭ΪսţլԺܶ඼˽⣬֧֧˵Ȼ˼ˣүˡ
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֣˼һ··ϴһһƣķ춯
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˼筵ҥԴԪɵŸŸڿջſڼ˼İ׺ߡ
Ÿ׺ӣĿͶԶڿʲô

ȻʮͽܻصɣӭܼҿҪ涵ض˵ڻˡ
ʦͻȻ棺ʦûл
ܼңūһֱɣղſǻûп
Ǿ˵ʦûлҲûл
šȻͷԸʮͽܸظʦûлǻȥģѵڶ

˼լԺʮ죬Ҫˡ
Թܶ෨ӳȥ筽ס筺ڰʱֹĶˡ
筿ʼԽԽԾĻдŮ֮
һƥŻ
˼ĸӿֻţһĸ̥Ҫ̫ˡ
ĳһգ˼ζֻͬͣΪԵ筡
ͣլԺĴͻȻ
˵ʵ֪ʲôӣطεúܣȻûзֵ
ȻεؿԼ˼֪һ˭ҲҲǵĵط
լԺūʹĵطڶԣû뿪ԡԱϾǸĳУܴ󣬵ȻȲִĳС
Ŵ˿ڲ࣬ڹŴԶȷʵǸС
˼￴һۣȥʲô
˸ǣһȺʿ˵Ҫɵ˼筡
˼ԿŴ

 37 


ʮ
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üʦ筶֪
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˼ﲻԵ޹ʵĳУӦǱʹѵҪɱǰˣ
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筶Ϊʦ
š˼ﵭӦһԼ˼С
ѵ˻ָǰģǣǰƽá

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ĵȻһţסһʵóҪȢΪޡֱ
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ʦʦԪǰлһŮлһߵԽˡ󶾷ԽԪŸߵˡ
Ÿ߿˼֮λҪԽɱ˼Խʵлһ壬ҿ˼ﳤ֮ûɱ˼˼˽ŷɥĻԼһ
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߿˼
˺ѾȰ˵ˣүӭȢ˵ĺӣҪױһ¡
Ȼǲ֪ΪүҪȢһηˣǴ˼ҵ²˵
߿ͨͨ߿˼Щ˶ϳȥүй
˼ǰһڲѹѹһߵң֪ΪʲôԼͽܱ
Žһ۱㿴˼һյӡʦ
˼̧ͷΪʦ뿪һҪ
ʦʲôҪ筶԰ʦߵǰݸһš
˼סʲô
ʦ֪筶ʦҪҪӦ筶Ѿˡ
˼ֽӹţ򿪺ɵؿ˽ȥû뵽ԽԽľ⡭ȻлһųԽдĵľš
Ūǰ˼˲ΪԪɵ׷ɱԭŸԪɵ֮λʵ˵ɵžѾ뵱ûǸԪɵţŸߴɷģֻϧķθ֮ŸӦòš
ʦҪ筶Ԫô
˼˼⣺ԣɡ
á
ɱˡ˼һ䡣
筶ס
ţ˫ָĦŷı߽ǣüʹʦ筶Ϊʦ£ʦǲҪӦ筶Ҫ󡣡
ʲôҪ󣿡˼ʶʳڣʵѾ뵽筽Ҫ˵ʲôûпǰ˼˼޸㡣
һ٣筶ֻҪ󡣡
ġ
ΪΣ׷ʡ
ʲôΪΣܼ򵥵ĵΥʦ¡˼վɨһ׽͸飬ˣȳȥɡ
筶ӲҪء
ôΪʦȳ治ͽܡ
˫ٿǲΪȻ
Ҫ룬ûйϵӹҪƫִС
ΪΣ
ܼ򵥵ĵΪĲΪκ˵뷨һͻСܶ鿴ͨ͸ʵҲһѡ񣬲Ƿǵõһ£ȥ磬۽粻ͬľһǰ뷨Ҳʱı䡣
ʦףһʼͿԷ筶ͷˣȵڡ
꣬ƫִ˼㵽Ϊֹ˵ӻ뿪
תߣܰʦƵôʦʱܹ

صɵȻҲסһֱȲʦʦܻţܾʦʦܻڶԡĳգȻǰԣҳʦʦܡ
û뵽վڶʱһ֪ɵǰ˼ͽסһլԺŵƽʣ˵ͽҪӭȢԼʦֱǻ֮
ԭʦ첢˵ЦʦΣգ
Ȼ첽˵լԺǰȻ¹кѵʦĬʦȢʦûдӦʦܣ᲻ʦʵʦլԺӲܾʦܣʦԸ²޸ʦܣôʦпܺϣȥ
㣬Ȼڲκ˵ṦΧǽլԺլԺ洦ɼɫĳʦĸ䣿
Ȼ͵͵ڰ۲ļѾߣǱ˼ϳȥĸѾߡСүͷ˵£Ȼ͵١
˲٣ûص㣬صʦķģ
һʦڽʦܹȻԼϢʦѾǰʦܣڵǿв֡
ʦܹѾߣʦܣʦܻһԭӣӲɽ©ˮ
ǰ˼ķ䣬ȻСԼһţûбʦܷ֡
筽˼ķʱȻ̲ססͣһ뿪һʱ䣬Ȼ۲Χûʲô˷Լƿš

 38 


ʮ
˼ͷţűӦ뿪ֻû˵Ϊʦˣȥ
ȻϷţʦҡ
˼סȵȻôģ
ʦӡģûбʦܷ֡
Ȼ˵˼ͻȻȻҲ֪筰Ϊʦǰɡ
Ӳ³ġ
뵽ӴΪʦȥ𣿡
ʦھͳȥץʱ䣬ʦܷ֡
š˼ͷȻӳûжϣȻл˾ӳȥ
˼Ȼ׼մţվһĨ°ɫӰǵȺǳ筡Ȼ̫ˣһլԺ签ͷˡլԺﶼ󷨣ÿ󷨶ߡ
ʦ֣ղ
һ筣Ȼֱëëĸоرʦʱ
ʦܣʦȥ㲻ԴʦΪʦֵҪúý̵ʦܣʦСʱܿɰΪʲô󷴶ˣ
ʦҵģ˭Ҳߡ˼һСİҪߵĸоѽ
ʦߡ筵ΪȻɿЦǿдʦȥ
˼Ҳûٿ筣һԽҪ뿪
վ˫ֽգ۾ðѪ˿˼
ң
˼Ŀǰû˱㣬Ը⵱񡣡
ۼ˼ﵱҪ뿪Ҳ̲ס˼һֱ筵ľٶζȻѵСģ
鷢ٿ֮䣬筵ĽûȻؿڣѪȻؿʱ˼ԴհһƬû뵽ƫִֵزµɱԼʦ֡
̵˵㣬ȻɫҰףסؿڵĽû뵽筰γѪעٲ̵ذѽ壮Ȼؿڡ
һ̣˼·𿴵һֻħڶЦЦԲЦΪ
鷢̫ͻȻ˼һƴϣһϥǡ筵˲ϥڵϣ̧ͷʱ۾⣬˼ľ
Ȼס˼˹סȻҪµ壬մһֵѪתͷ筣㼴ҴȻȻҪһһ
ʦ૵˼ﲻԳΪʦ֮Ĺϵһϡ
Ҫ˵顣
˼Ľƣ筺ЦˣҲأҾҪˣһã翴˳ˡ
û뵽Ѿҩɾȵֵز˼筣
˸á筴ӵվһǰ˼￪ʼĻţᵱҪȻأ
筣ɱȻ˼ﶨҪѪծѪ
ǺãҷǣʦôңǾͺҰɣҲǰһ֡
һǰ˼ﻤȻźˡ˼ϵȻʧѪ࣬˿ʼѣʼ˵ʦܣŹʦǵʦôԴʦԽ˵ԽС
˼ŵض筵ĶۼǱƵĻԣͻȻǰһһᣬٶȴȻ筳ˤڵأ˲ʡ¡
筣û˼ǰ޸֮Σ֮±ƳǱܣ˼Ӳ筴
ܿ죬˼ﱻڻС筵ָ˼ˮͫʱʦɱˣҾͲʹ
˼￴ΪҪɱˣ粻лᣬʵʲô
ҼʦʦҵҲʹʹ˯žȻʦϼңֱףʦԼҰɡ
˵ţʼֳ˼İɫȹ
ʲô˼һ˦ȥӣһ߶аӡ
˫ȼ磬˹ס˼ݺҧȥ
걻ҧѪһѪζڿǻ˼ҧסأ۾͵ؿǱӡ
筼˼ӣָǯס°ۣ˼üסҲҧסأ˫ȱѹסʹ
ۼҪݣڡһصѪζ֮䣬һѽ筵ļ򴩹ʹſ˼һķѹһȻ
Ȼһķɣ֮صȻڶһغ
ȻؿȻǰȥ˼ȻоڱһƬ˹ȥ

˼ԼԭĴϣһ뵽Ȼɱһʱ޷ܣ޿ڴϡ
ʼԹߵԼ磬ɡͽܲԼ޹أЩ˺Ӱ쵽ԼԼҲͶ飬رͽܣͶĸ
ͽܾȻɱΪʦоǳʧܣǳʧܡ
ɣˣٴˣҪȥȥԼ硣
Ĳϵڽϵͳϵͳϵͳһֱûд
ˣʲôΪʲôȥȥеĻȥ
ʱ׵㣬뵽ĺǱ޸筣޸Ǹħ˼˾סһѣһҪȥ˭Ⱦ
۾ɬҲԸϣ˼ĳһӴڷſյ״̬
߽ʱ㿴˼Ȥӣôһ˲°ɣ°ɣʦů
һϢĸоȻһҲܷ֣ʦģ˭Ҳ᲻ߣ
ʦ
筰СϣڴϣҪ˼˼񴥵ʲôµĶ壬ش󺰣㲻Ҫ
˼ڴ棬۾筣˫ֻסԼɫ԰ɫ
Ȼˣ
ʦЫӣ˫ֳڴϸһźĻ˼ϣػش𣺡ô죬ȥιˡ
˼ﱻ˵ʶ̧֣˼ٵץס󣬡ôң
ϸϸĦ˼󼹱ٿ֣Ťͷ
˼һεħûκ޷Ը筣ֻú˵Լţʱӱܣκϣֻء
˵У˼˵ɫҰ׻˹ȥһӶ뿴
̾һӴСϵ࣬һںȵ
תѾȥ˼ʦӦô졣
̤䣬筿ǰѪѾɨɾ·ûзκ飬һпôƽֻ֪һжһˣɱʦ֣ʦʦģһӶԭʲô
Ȼ뿪ɵʱ֣ҲȻɽȻլԺҪȻָլԺѡΪһ书Ȼ̵ģ׾ܷڸѡլԺȻ֪լԺ˼筡
ǵһһһֱûпȻѵƽദˣ

 39 


ʮ
óȻ£ٵһ졣
֨ѽһֻլԺĴŴ汻˴򿪣·̧һϯһˣӦһȥˣۿϯѪ
ʱ龰Ϊ죬Ϊʲô筵լԺ
Ϊ̧Ųϯ뿪Ҫǰһ̽ʦ
ֵʦһֱӰߵվլԺǰҪţͷ俴̵ѪٴιĺģʦӦʲô鵢棬ȥٻء
Ṧ䣬׷ϲԶļۣۼ̧ŲϯȥĴҴҡ
ּɳɳ죬ڰߵּѲϯڵϣԱ߼ڿӡ
üΪܿʲô£ԭֻǸڿ˷ʦ׷
뿪֪λϯϵʬ壬ϯһǣ¶ݣȻǡʦ
ʦʦ˭ɱѵʦ壿һ˲伷Կǣ𾪵Ըӡ
˭Ӱ߳Ȼ˴ڣŵò֪롣
ǣ˭ɱˡָڲϯȻ
˰£ǵ筣֪˼ﱻڸղŵլԺųҥԣô᲻֪¡
ϲʦ壬ʦ徹ȻµɱԼͬ㣬ʦ
۲Щʦһѽ˼Բɱɱ˲գۡø筣筵Ϊڿ
۵µģѸ뿪ϯǰָƿϯȻؿϵѪڣˮȻ
ʦɢҥԣʦ֪˼ĵطҵ˼筣ᱻɱĴˡ
ʦΡΡȻԲ𡣡
ȻսеĽҪΪʦ
ܿصլԺǽլԺ֪³嶯޷ÿһ̷ŭ顣Ҳ֪򲻹筣֮ҪʲôסԼ
һأץסһѾߣʣģѲʦ塣
Ѿ߱ŵʹ᣺ū澲֪
ˣſֻÿұ飬ûҵ筣˼Ҳ֪ġ
Աߵľ
ʲôٿתͷλˢسʣֱָ筡üԭΪʦ𣿡
ֱӳǰұܣǲĽ֮ʵ嶯ͷ侲̧ͣͣĽط
筼˶סӣЦתߣһˡ
Լʵ̫̲סٴһԱߵľͻȻ뵽Ȼδޱޱޱޱµһ̵ǧ𣬶ǮʱԽ
θޱޱڷйӰ
Сƿţ͵͵۲һޱޱСؽޱޱ仯޳±С
С㡣ޱޱûзӦ
С㡣СֻӲͷƤ˵һԳɵĵҪ
Ȼ𣿡ޱޱ˲עվСһ
عӣ˵ԼعӵĵӣһҪҪС
ޱޱ񱻳˾صϡ
ǡ
ȥ
С䱻ޱޱϳ˵С㲻ϼüޱޱʲô
ΰȻ书ǮֱָܹܶθرıŮҪ͵͵Ǳθܵ£ֻĥĥޱޱߵѾС䡣
˵һȻҪҪС㡣
СΨٻޱޱ䣬ޱޱĪ鿪ʼŭСϽµÿҪµذĻݸޱޱ
ޱޱ

ڸȴƬ̣СˣæʣСô˵
Сգź۾չ롣
һСθ̤ޱޱķ䣬⻹һοޱޱޱޱһ£ʮޣֻͬ˵Ļûо
ޱޱʲôҪң
߽ιҽҪ˵׼̧ͷޱޱԣҧ˵Ȼɱˡ
˵ʲôޱޱɴ۾˵һ飬鿪ʼ
̾Ҹɱ筣ιİæΪδ򱨳𡣡
ѽԼ
ʦÿ춼θſǰҪ㣬ʦĶ㡭
ҿĻ㡣
ޱޱȻΪʲô
㲻ޱޱۡ
ҡҡͷ
ޱޱͣȻҲϲ㡣
˵ʲôϲʦŮ֮ĸ飬ֻǾϲʦ塣
˭
筡
ԭ²֡
ǡֵ
ģ㲻˵ҲΪȻ𡣡
㲻˵Ǽٵô
ޱޱصϣԣҪۼΪʵ
ʦķĹڳƬҿԴȥΪᡣԣޱޱ˫ɨһ¾еԼȻˣô졣
ޱޱѵóĻڱߣߡ
ޱޱĿȻķĹŵģ
ȷʦɱģ
Ŀ϶ȷ
½ҡ
֪ޱޱɱ˰ɱ筣ɬ룺á
صеޱޱһĻֶ֣ܰɱ筡
ʱ˼˱ڣص鷿պÿԽţһ˻ûɱŸߣŸ˾Ȼ˺ʦ˲ˡ
筷ԸլԺڵѾչ˺˼Ÿˡ

 40 


ʮ
òѹ˼´ƿţһĻǰ֣ʹرۡﲻٴȥٴȥ
ֵլԺھģһ·߹ûżˣҲûг֡
˼ԭƽĿʼӿˣȻ筲ڣԴӴֱӳȥ
ѸɨΧû˷˼첽ŴҲû˿أץסʱ򿪴Ŵܳȥ
ߵϣ˼ȻоĿ𣬱լԺ֪೤ʱ䣬øϽɣֻдõɲİȫ֮ء
Ѿû޷Ṧصɡ˼뵽һӶȥм۵£Լݳǡ
˼˶ԣֱ뿪˶ԣͷʱԶԶټɣԺҲˡʧܣ֪ϵͳҪôȻص˵
Ӱϵϣ˼һ̲Ъ֪ʲôʱ׷ץסκһ뿪
ϤƷԽԽǰڴ򶷣·м䡣˼ﻺǰٶȣԹǱܿΪãͣһȽεĵطǰ鿴¡ϣ
˼̤֦ݴһǰýһЩ¹ڴ򶷵ˡһĨ°ɫӰУȻ筣˼ﱻŵú˼㷢죬æסԼȿ˭
筶Դһλߣ׵ĺӣģмϤһʱ벻˭
Ǵüңλߵ书ǿȻа¥Се㲻бˡ
˼۲·ʹֶգͬزͽ˿ʵĿ
ǹƴ˺ܳʱ䣬ڵʱӦúֳܿʤΪλһѺ˭ܿóҪɱ
֮ǣʲôԹԸ˽϶
ۼ筵һߣ˼ѿڶСġȲߣ뿪õģܵ筰ɱ˱筷Ĵڡ
˼תҪߣȻܷ˺ܶˣϽ²ڲݴУЩ˭
Ǽ֮Ĵ򶷣˼СİǿݴԣӦߵˣͬһάʽ筣ϱ˶ദղŶʽŤתѵÿôģͽܡ
и˷Ĵڣµĵطͺȣ˭
ˣˣ˼ﲻܶܶΪ֪Ǻǻ
ĺ߹˼̧ͷ㿴һմѪĵϣ˵ͺȣ
˼ᣬôƫƫ鷳£׼С
°ɫѼѪۣ筱Χסĺм䣬ݴ죬̧û뵽Ȼʦ
̲סѡʦֺŷԼж޴ŸһֱҪɱʦڱ֪ʦ˶ǰģڵʽԼʦ
筸ҪΧΧסĺһϣ͡һѪŸ߶Դڴ˿̱ϼѪ죬ɫס
˼ںѡϲվڳĺ˺λߣ߿ܸ˵ӣ߹Цеض
Сޣˡ߶˵˲ʡ
˼üֻ·ǵҵ·Ҳʶ뿪
һѪӿǵʦͽꡭʹ˿ϣ
ʶͽܣɵǰ˼߾Ȼʶ˼ĿԽ졣
Сޣ㲻ǵ𣿡ߺè˺Ȥؿ
˼ԺһһβμִԪţڵŸģ˲٣ѹڲϵó׷ɱɵˡ˼￴һ筣ѵҪɱŸΪ֮ǰҳǷţҪΪ
ӦҪĵԼϾ˼ҵĿ筡˼ﲻЦڲԶעزȥ
ǵá˼ûбػش𣬡ҵɱˣô᲻ǵã
ԭ֪ѽŸһ˫ۡ
˺ûĿ˵ץסҪһɱˡ
Χ˿סǣ˼ԣЩˣ
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ѵЩ˵Ŀ筣
ŸΧ˴˼ûк˿ס׼ʱȾܡ
ʦһС
˼̲סҪתͷͻǰһͷһûһմѪĵǰɣôùǱɱˡ
޷ѰΧŸ߶ԴʱʧأڵѲרĺˣؿʦһ˴
˼ûиоʹΪǰһڣֱӵһһƬǿյĿռ䡣
Ի崻״̬ϵͳԺ𣺡ʧܡ
֪˵ˡ˼ﻷܣȫǣѵϵͳĿռ䣿
ʧܣҪֲʧܣѡػ硣
˼ﱻ»ȥģػأٿ筣еͽ
ϵͳܻܲȥִ
ܡϵͳػش𣬡ҪֲʧܣΪ鵽Ĺһת۵㣬ͽ筵һɽΪѰһҩ֮ʱ
ǴɽȻΪһĽҩǸ˵ɽΪʲôѰҽҩ
Ȼ筺Ͷв֮飬Щ筣Ķ²ԭ£
»صת۵ڲصľ档
ϵͳ
ȵȣһû׼á˼գһ˾ͽӰˡ
ϣ׼á
֪
˼̧ͷ貵ǿգ筵ĸܸӣһʼΪͽͺˣͲô
ɱȻʱ˵ҪѪծѪػ筵һɽʱӦҪôǶԵģʵҲһڻңʲôԥġ
ϵͳҿԻȥ𣿡
ֱԸ⣬ﲻϤ磬Ҫȥ
ɵúãȥ
ģû뵽һʣʳ˼ۿġ
ġԭѾ޿ռ˺飬ûСΪ壬޷š
˵൱û˵˼ϣĻ˲䱻ʪ
ͲһҸͬ˰갲ȥ𣿡˼˵򴽣µ¿˲ˣܻȥͲܻȥҽʵ
һ뵽ܻȥ˼ܣȻִǸ¶ȱµΣ޷׶Ͷ顣ԣȻΪͽǸĸζ֣Ͷĸ飬Ҳֺܶ֡ĿǰԣӦûϲ筣һĺôŮ֮飿Ҫ˵ʵĶֻ֮Ҷʡ
Ҷһĸ񣬲̫ΪʺϲɡҶƭ񲻴ӡ
ȻһﻨĵúܣȻϲޱޱ磬ǶΪţʡ˺ܶ鷳¡
ˣԸɾʹɣҪ뿪ͷ뿪˵ҪؼϣǱ뿪ܼôҲؼңзܡ
˼˺ܶ࣬һЩ»ȥҪʲôúϵͳ˵׼ˣɡ
ϵͳ
Ļе˼һգʧȥ֪

 41 


ʮһ

ϵ˼ﱻеĻҵϣĿɵķ䣬Ϥǳɫᣡܡķıڷױƺһͭױ̨
ˣػصɽʱ򡭡ȵȣɽǰɽ
˼Ͻ˲ų筡
·ܼң˼һܼҲӯΪҲˡ
ţҪȥģܼҼ˼ﲽĴҴңͣѯʡ
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ܼҾţǰոɽ
ػصɽ
ܼҼ˼صӣţʲô𣿡
˼ͻȻ֣صܼңҲɽ
ﵽܼңΪʲô
ûʲôòһ·ϣΪʦҪ
⡭ǻɽܼҸ㲻˼뷨
Աϣ˼Ｔ̻طʰɽԽԽãȰȻסҪʱȡҪֶΡ
˼С󣬸ܵʵ΢΢𴽽ǣôҲ筣öɱа¥ͷ
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˼Ŭ뿪֮ǰ˵Ļ筸˵ľɽûκ֪ѰһĽҩ
ǵûĽҩȻüҪģѵȥüˣüλüɽüɽмٹҲԶ˳筡
˼ӱ޴üɽüɽƣһɽһ·û筣һʱ֪Ƿԡ
ҹ޵˼մ˲ٷ糾һȽϼªĿջЪϢȲ衣ѺȣǾɽúȡ
Сü˵£СִὫҪʼüѾɽȥˡ
ǰɣһ˼Ψпȥе·вžѡԣʱڶԣִὫҪʼǰ筲ûг֣ʱӦòڶԡ
˼Լ©һص㣬ִ͵ʱȻ˵Ȼμִᣬʱ䣬Ѿ·ݣʱִѾʼ
ˣȻûȻߣ֪᲻һ㡣
ʱ˼Ʋɼá
ȻȻѾμִᣬôҲڶԣȥԵ·Ѱһ£ܷܲ筵Ӱ
˼ٴοӱޣʱķ¶޿ɰǺϸоһҳɫȹմ
ǡ·һϪˮ˼ȡһ׼ϴԼԼ˵
ֺȻʦɵ˼Ѿ֮λڸ
ΪǰǰΪСֵṦò,ǲɶõ֮,һؼΪ͸㣬Ȼ㿴ݾòʿֶ
һݲˣǰǰô̸Ȼ˼վԱһƬڵţǷֲ
˼Сǰ͸֦
ʮ筣ɽҲմȾ˷糾ɫк
վǰһλӻ׵ߣһ˲ŸߣݲŸߣǽȻûмӸոյĻѾ֪
һؼƤûһؼԺа¥ļײѵⱾؼа¥а¥޳λã˼ʱ֪ԭа¥ǽ筣ΪʲôҪⱾؼ筣
˼˵뿪𸽽֦ҪڵǱؼøϽֹ筡˼Ѹٴֺ߳Ҫ񣡡
筵ո˲ηںѾȥ٣δڴ˵ʦ筵ֿʼ̧ͷȥգգ۾ʦ
˼첽ǰҪⱾؼ̵аӼⱾؼûյ
ɵ㶵ؿʦô
˼̧ͷͽܴʲôʱʼв׵뷨筼˼һֱû˵ΪոΣԽԽ죬쵽
ôˣˣ˼ﲻ筶ͷȥûȥʱץסץסӣʱﷺ񺮣˦筵֡
筲֪롢ӵؿ˼ʦ筶û¡
˼üͷ𣬾Ϊ⸱ģ֡
ΪʦҪȥԲμִᣬ·شĻ
̸ִᣬʱ𽭲˵Ļ
ʦʦǲǵҪ֮λʦ֣
ܻ˼ﱻ֮ǰ֧Ŀ־õػش𣺡ʦΪʦҵӣΪʦʺɵţ԰֮λ
筶ҲʦͽܣΪʲôѡ筶ʼƫִˡ
ΪΪʦĹŵӣ˳Ȼɵţ𣿡˼ɨȥı鲻๡
筴۽ޣ˼筵ʧ䣬ȻɵɵĹ涨ɵŵҵӼ̳УȻһ꣬ԵΪͽʱΪʦȻҵӣΪŵӡ
Ҳһ㡣˼ټӶһﲻ²ۣɵСŻҪĶ
ʦΪʲôҪʦֲμִ᣿ʦΪ筶㣬Ϊʲô筶μִ᣿
˼̾ŵʱΪʦӵִʱѾɽֻȻڣȻȻμִᡣ
筶ʱɣʦǲҲһ筶
˼ͷ筵Ĵ΢΢ʧչ
ǰǰ˼ؼüΪʦҪⱾؼյ
ȡӣȼҳ˼￴а¥յͷһŴʯϣʱ
˼筸ԣ;βǡ
һ筣ͣ˶һԵİ˼ϢǸղվŵĵطּˣָǣȥˡ
筣ԭڸǡ
˼ﾪ죺㲻֪
󣺡筶֪
˼ʱ书ǺܸߣûôˣǴβŻᱻ˼ڶԳ⵹ѪһϢӣʱˡ
վͻȻĿڽʹȻʱĻûб⣬Ҫһλ˼üͷ壬˲䲻ˡ
筲˼һʱǻһûҵĽҩΡ
ʦ筶ϴǡ
𡣡˼֣һ
üӦڶԣֻڶΨȻ֪˼ɲǰȻΪ˻Ľҩü˵ͽܣʱһڡ
˼ҧһϡһżӣҲȥʦ
筷·һŶ裬ûżȥһĽҩҲڶԳ⣬ûˣ²ʦߣʦ⡣
ֻʹؿʦλ
˼筵е⣬üסĿڣȻȥ
ڼʹû˹ȥʱһջҲ֪筱ǡ
˼ӴһˣȥˣҪ𴲣ű˴򿪣һĨ°ɫӰ˽
筼˼ˣչʦհõҩ
˼ƳеҩᣬŰˡҩ˼￴筣Ϊʦһˡ
筷룬ʦҪ˭
üˡɲٱĥȻ֪üлҩβֱ
Ϊʦüɽ֪üлĽҩ
ʦģ˫Ŀϲ
š˼´ЩѣҪ̧־ܾԼ׵վ
ü˵øΪʦ˵Ϊʦͬſԡɲü˶ʲôֵ
һòУԷһǵȥüˣüҲøΪʦ˵ΪʦҪüˡ
õģ筶֪
筻ڷ˼ﲻɻѵھȥɡ
뿪˼￪ʼϢ

 42 


ʮ
ü˵ͷ筺ܿڶԵջҵֻڷ⣬üֻԵˡ
˭Եֻü˵㣬筼Ҽʦ˵Ľҩ˾ʦ
üָۣ㣬üͷһֲãֲá筵ʦҪʦ̸̸
޷Ӳȥü˸ҩüһֱв֮ˡȻҪʦǱʦ
筸˼˵ü˵Ļ˼üͷչΪü˲ҩΪ֪нҩɣҪ֤
˼üڵĿջü˼ֻ˼筱ڷ⡣
üڷУͷ˼˵һ˼ﾪ˵Ļ֮ˡ
˼ͫԲסԼ飬뵽ǰü㵽ȻѪ֮֡üܹ㵽Լвü˸𾴡
ǵģҪŤתǬˣӦ
ˣֻܿԼĽҩҲ㣬Ҳ֮Σ
ü˴ԣ˼Ͻˣʵܲסķüܹҩ
ü˿һ˼Ҳ֪ҩȻΪͽҸո㵽ȻѪ֣֮ҩûôɡ
ü˴ͳһɫƿ˼ӹ浹һŵҩͨ˳ǰһоöˡ
л˼м
ü˵ЦҳɽҲֻΪ˱ȻĵתҲӦҪȥˡ

˼м˳䣬תģ筣һʢǴʱͿʼ
Ϊʦѽ⣬ٵġ
ƮƮһ仰签ϲ쳣ʦûˡ
šԺúɣΪʦġȡһɡ
˼߳ջ筵ȥʦְɡ
ףõģʦ
˼۲筵飬쳣ϵͳԣתȷʵɽֻҪ⣬ܿĿڲ
һ֪Ȼջ
ڵʱӦȻѾŮ3ˡ
˼Žȥһ۱㿴һȹڴǰ봲ϵȻ죬ŤͷװͷƿķŴ
Ȼ˼ͻȻʦ
˼ⲽ̧ʾȻҪⴥ˿ڡ
Ȼ־ϲʦôˣʵ˵ôڲִᶼѾɡ
˼ſҲڣɵʦҲڣʦܲɽ
һõ˵ĵʰƿƿ޹ޣͷڳ˵ΪعӻҩСŮиˡ
˼ע⵽ĴڣҲ˼ң΢΢Цſ뿪ĿתƵȻϣΪʦɽһμִᣬֻΪһЩµˡΪʦΪʦܸˡصѰ㣬һҪ筵˵ȽϺá
̧ͷ˼
˼ʱû㿪˵ΪʦҪɵ֮λȻ
˳ԾȻԺлһ仰Ϊʦ˼ǹ筣ŬΪʦпΪʦԸءΪֱʺϵɵţ԰ɵĶžѧڸ㡣Ϊʦ㣬㽫ɷ
ļһů
ԣؿ죬ԭʦԵĿȻȻ˵֮λȻʦѾ˵ǶʦȻеܡ
˵仰˼ر筵飬һʼ춯ȻΪƽܺãȴԤЧ
ȻҲ˼Ŀע⵽筣ʦӦʦ˵ˡ
˼ȡָָһ֣صصݸȻ
Ȼ˫ֽӹĿˮлʦ
лӦõġúˣصΪʦ¡ؾƽʽ
Ťͷ˼ֵ̧ݸһӣ筲⣬˼˵Ϊʦ㴵ӡ
˼ڶ˵ʱִŵɲԽ磬ʱһתעͬʱİ
ٴӣǰãӦԴʱ
չЦգսӣ˼ϽͼǶΪʦͽܣһ㡣ԺҪﻥȻһţΪʦܵ԰ʦ֡
ȻӻʦܣԺɵҪҡЦ˵
ѵüͽദ죬Ϊʦο
£Ȼĺ֪磬ϵͳĿռ˵ޱޱ綼ţʡܶ鷳¡
˼ȻǰĵղΪʦײ͸ոŮӣϲȢɡ
Ȼʵ˼ﾪһ죬Ŀʦǵġ
ʲôǣΪʦпˣϲûϲСҲûϲĶȢؼңԴҶá󹬵趨
Ȼ˼Ȱ㿴筣ʦʦأ
˼һ筣Сʺϡ
Ȼ˵ԭʮǸˮ롣
˼룬ʮҲСˣȶףȺʵʱٳס
ʦ
ˣΪʦ㳤ô᲻֪˼ô˵ˣԺ˭Ϊʦ˵Ϊʦס
˼תͷҲǣʲôϲĹһøʦ˵
վҲǹ˼һýŵӡ
˼˵жж߾飬һֻȨԼϡ
ȥýţƷš筳ŵԭ
ȻֱθΪʦ˵Ϊȥȥθ
˼ͣޱޱȻһϲˣΪŮ1ţȻȢޱޱΪһšȻЩû˵
үΰ汾д˴Լǧףû뵽˼ʦˡ
ΰֺǺǵЦеؿŵµ˼
ţĳд⡣
ãͽȻʽүףԼʮס
ΰɻ󣺡ΪҪʮף
ΪʮǸͷ
ǺǺǡΰЦǲΪʲôʮǸͷ
û취˼Ǹִˣֻʮǳˣʮ궼СƨСƨʲôס
Ϊұ֤ȻٴγΪһᣬֱᡣ
Ȼʵֻ֪Ҫ筲ңȻΪС˵ٴʤ
˼ΰ⣬غһڲ裬¾˸Ƕ
ޱޱ֪ԼѺȻףֵҪȻ
˼ѸȻ䣬Ȼۺ졣

 43 


ʮ
õվʢ˵ޱޱǰҲʧƽҧιĪҪ˵
ڴϵȻޱޱҪ֣˻˿ˡ
һȻģæڴͷ
ޱޱñ˶ȻܵӣСƵز硣ûϵޱޱӲȳȥȻҪס磬ˡ
һʱң˼ٽס磬ľ˼סʱֹס̧ۿ˼æվȵл
ޱޱ˼ˣпǻؿߣţ㿴ȻĴܲһҪˡ
˼ﲻҡҡͷ˵ƵС˵ŮദжദһŲǧСйܵġ
Ȼô
ѻⶪˣȻһʱ֪λش˼Ļϲ㲻ޱޱ
˼ε̾С㣬ⲻ檣˴ģСкβɣ
ޱޱ˫Ŀ𣬡ţѲҲϲ檣
˼֣Ҳϲ
ԼϲʲôʸȰ˵ң
˼Ȼ򣬼ʩˣȻִ
Լִˣ˼ȴȲһŴˣ˼û˵ӣȻ˽Լɡ
˵ŤͷߣȻڵŮˡ

ֵʳָָָҪסӵĵססĿףֵʳָָָҪסӵĵסڶסһס
ҪϢϢͻס
ĵ˼￪ʼ̵ѧӣЩǻĴһͨܿһ׼򵥵ӣʵˡ
ڿ筴ʱǰ£ʱӦѩҪµʱӦֹѩԷżλʽָ
Ϊʦ뿪һᣬԼϰϰ˵꣬˼תš
ָⰴŵѿףƴӵܿոյĿתΪʧ䣬ʦ϶ȥȻˡ
˼Ȼķ䣬ʮȻѾ֮ǰҪúܶ࣬Ҫ齡
ʦȻǰվѵüķûޱޱ硣
ȻȰָΪʦ
Ȼȡָݸ˼˼ָصΪʦٰżλʽʱǰʽ㡣
ָ¶ˡ
ʦȻ֧֧ᣬ˼̧ͷʲô£
Ȣ
ô˵
˵Ǿޡ
˷ǾޡƵȻ뿴һŮԼ¶ϣѵؾͬʱҪȢ硣
У֮ǰΪʦ˵ˣΪʦס
ллʦȻһ죬Լ
ѵȻһᣬ˼׵ĻҪŮӵġ
ޱޱ֪Ǽɹ
һܿ٣Ȼޱޱ֮ºܿ촫鶫ԣȻԵŮУԵ˳ޣһϲ檡
ޱޱ˦黨޶ȻҪҪңҪҪȻҵ
ޱޱȻƣȻšüͷӲ֪ôޱޱޱޱһô˵Ҳԭ㡣
Ȼֻ˼һת۾ȻҲ˼ġ
ԭ˼ڸۻֻŹžȻӿջ¥߹ҶģҶʱԭڶԣΪ֮ǰ֪
˼æ¥׷ȥۼҪʧȺУش󺰣ҶģɹҶͣ½Ųת˼ߡ
ظϵҶǰҶӣô֮ǰڶԣ
ǰû˵˼žʱҶǵһμ棬Ļʶ
˼ʱεҪ۽ֺ泯Ҷ̽ߣ˼ЦЦҶӣǰĵռãĻϵ㣬·ðؽ㡣
Ҷ˿佱ĵգղŽӲͣһлʹ﷼
ҽ˼ռˡ
ڵ˼ҶĵĿȷ˿ĿֻҶģԵ⣬ֻҶƭʱ顣
Ҷ˼ĿеԳܣһμйֱ׷еֻ֣̿˼⡣
ڶʲô
񡣡


Դȥ𣿡
Ҷԥشԣ̧ۿ˼һ꣬ˮֱͫӹĿҶĲʡ
ʦ筴˼Ļʲôʱȥ
˼תͷ筣ģ筻мֹɡ
筵ʻֻΪת˼עһص㣬ʦλ˭
ҶҶӣĿԴк
ղԶԶԼʦһڱϣһˣʦµˡһ֣筱ᵽһɲϢ
ʦϲ𣿡
Ȼϲϲ֬񡣡û취ֻӴ֬
̫ڲСͽǰ裬˼æס顣
ǰ֬ѾмСʲϲƲҶĳҶҲԼϾΪеͷԡ
Ҷʹ·ˡ
ʦ筶Ҳȥ
筶ҶĲѺãʦߡ
ҶĴ˼ͬһéֻǺܶࡣҶδʱڸƯڿᰮҶ˵ֹʡ
˼ע⵽ϰڷŵû뵽Ҷѵ̣ϲ֧
Ҷӣ֧ҿ𣿡
ҶºЦЦȻԡ
筲֪ʲô֧˼ʱһõڲڵأ˲䡰ءһ࣬ڵѡ
ʣϢԵϵû˵
˼Ȼѹ筣Ϥǰصһ㶼û䣬ͽ
筣ʲô
筵һμ˼ı飬ŵסǸʮ꣬Ǹ͵͵Ȼ衱δµꡣ
ʦԲ筶Сˤˡ˼񺮡
Ҷļʦͽ̣յͽܲСˤͲҪˣһ֪ͨ򡣡
˼۶筣·ɱˡתĿ⿴Ҷģע⵽Ҷ˵ʲôǺãסջƹ˵ɵ˼Ｔɡ
ԭɵţСĲʶ̩ɽ
ÿһõطʢϲģɱɽϡ
նá
˼ûٿһۣҶĴʯķѡһʵز֬ոˤļǮֲˤӡ
Ҷһ㲻Ҫ˼⳥ɬûоܾʱҶǸģ۹ҲǸƵġ
ϼʱ䲻ˣ뿪ˡ˼ҶģתȥĬĬ棬ֻβ͵ίС
еһ룬˼ͣ½Ų筺һϣæ˼ǰ˼ޱؿ˵һ仰ǲϲΪʦʾ䣬ǳ䡣
𾪵̧ͷɫȻ԰ס

 44 


ʮ
Ϧķϴ
˼ĮӵؿһۣתͷǰߡԭͽϲԸײֶΣ筺Ϊϧϲϴˡ
ʦ˼Ťͷ뿪Ļŵ׷ǰ
ȥ˼ʡԼյΪ˼ﱳӰ䲻һ仰һʦϲķӦʦϲԼ
á˵Ļʧȥ
筻ջԹ˼Ļ˼ڷղ
˼ûչȻķڣôȻ˵Լ㲻ޱޱ޷Ȣ硣
Ҫ
Ȼɻ̧ͷҪ
ǰ¶ڽȻϣ˼ɫȻУҲеȻͽܣȻҸΪʲôһʼϣǴڿʼ˲ҪнӴ˾;뿪ԣҪ
Ҳ鿴ȻϲޱޱϲҪ࣬Ȼ޷ֻܷ֪֪ǴȻеһλ
˼ﲻϲвŰݷûشãڻش￴ĿƵ
Ůɵ˼ΪҴͽȻǸͽȻĲ£ģڴ˱ʾǸ⡣
еҩģۿţͽûԵǸΪŮûм޸˸еˡ
˼ֱޣѽ
ҵŵǸһûиͽȻͽ֪ܲһǸ
ˣҲˡû£ذɡֵͷҩġ
˼εվڣҪѰӰֻСҩͯڡ
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ĳһĵط˼ĵǸͶһʵҵͬ˵檡Щѵ˵ִȻĿбȲδǧ
˼ﰲ۹⿴ôõĹﲻҪִȻϣֵá
ţ˵㿴ЦҿƲסԼģﻶϲʧ䡣֪ϲˣռҵģҲϲңֳϲõСҿ
ʹϲֱ˸ۡ
ʱ˼ҪϵͳΪʲôҪ裿ôõŮӦֵøõˣ
򲻷˵檣᲻Ҫ޸Ȼ
Ҳ֪ᣬᡣѡ
˼ףһѡ񡣡
лл
տŤת˾飬ǵĺ֪šȻȻѡޱޱͲҪںϲҪ԰ޱޱҲõѡ
Ҫ͵͵ߡޱޱǰΰ֪ΰǸ˽İŮħտʼΪŮѡΪĺŮڵȴŮ޳ȥʱŮ뿪Լ书ǿļҶŮޱޱɡΰ֪ҪߡŮޱޱ߲ˡ
˼׻׻յСҾ׵ޱޱױ˼ԣܿθʦͽһ뿪ԡ
ޱޱǸṦˣ˼ǹӶһɡ
˼ŬѩʲôʱɣھʱΪŮ˵˼һʱ벻ʱ䡣
˼ﵱֻṦٻصɡ
ѵ˼Ȼ˵Լ뷨ʱûѡ˼뵽صѩҪԸˣȻޱޱһݣһͬɡ
ݣ˼һ䰲ĻΪʦߣΪʦʦš
û뵽䰲Ļȴͣ˵ڣԭʦҪҳʦšʧ֮⡣
ֻҪ캦֮£Ϊʦһܿݡ
ϲʦǼ캦֮£Ҳѻˡ
ΪʦͽܲŮ֮飬㻹̫С֪ΪʦֻеĹ͡
筣ҪΪʦ£ʦô򵥡һ˼ھ筣£סԼɫͷ
߰ɡ˼̾Ṧٸ·

˼صɣ뿪ǰƽѩһ
µܼңҲ鵽ϢѩҪɵ֮λΪ˱ǵżλʽ㿴һҪֹҵһʱҡ
ܼҿѩ󣬶ǵĻʵǸ˵ģ˼˼˵Ҫżλʽƾջ࣬ū
ˡ
˼عɣʩչԼӹɵ󷨡
ʱܿȥȻܼ˵ѩˣûסѩҲʱɵĴ档
˼ϵɴʱһĨ°ɫӰԼѧ书ضԿѩĹǱ˼ǰֹѩɵ筡
ѩ书һʱ˶á˼ϵʱѩڵĴѪ
һ绯ƻѩѩⷢ˼Ჽ˼ߵߣһµ˶˼
ʦãǺ⣿ѩû뵽ɻΣɵǴСĽ˼
˵ҪҽҪλͽ֮ܵλ
ѩһĿĴδ˵˼֪
ʦãô᣿ѩɫһЦʦֺʦֻǹʦãԻ
ʦ֣ҴӱΪڶ˵ҪλȻԸϻҪȻλҲ֪ȻִʤȻ㣬Ҳλ˭ʦֿɴûвμӹִᡣ
ʦãʦ˵˵ϰܵţɲǵİèܵɵţ
ҴȻΪͽ磬ҪɵţΪֻǽǽȻʵš
ӵĨŴϵѪ˼סһ˫ˮͫ˼Ĳ
ʦ֣ذɡżλʽһٻҲУòҪٻʦ뿪ɣ൱Ѿɵˡ
ѩ˼˵Ļ˫Ŀŭ𣬡ʦãʦûҺɣֻ뿪ɼ꣬ôڵﷴ˵Ѿɵˣʦã˲ҪôԴ˿ɲⷬǧ֮ӡ
˭ˣ㣿Ǹ֪ʦֵˡ
筵Ŀһ٣ʦȻϲ

 45 


ʮ
㣡
ѩ͡
վߵĿⶨ˼ȻϲѩδԤϵġ
һѩ˶Կһۣ֪һôѩпǲɵ֮λϲΨмᶨվ߲뿪
ɴŵĶѾصɵȻޱޱȻ˼ߣʦ
˼ȱ֣ȻͬΪʦһԸǣǽɡ
ʦ˵ʲôʲôȻܿ׼Ҫɼܡ
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Ȼƶס㶻ͷ˼ʦ⡭
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ѩô˵ǰ˼ﲻѩһ֮ʣܼңȥҲ
˼ǽɣѩҧʦãֵʦ㡣
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׼ٻɣͲ˼жһֱռɡ
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ſʦһ

 46 


ʮ
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ޱޱѽˣ˲ͷץȥˣõڴҲע͵͵Ӻߣû뵽ڵ⻹筣ΪʲôҲ֪ƽһȴץסԼ
ޱޱʵǵù͸ˡ
һ˫֣ſң
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ʦҲҪߡ

 47 


ʮ
˼ĴȴŤͷֻһ°ɫͦεվԺӵſڡˮֱͫӵᶨְˣìܡ
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͵͵ɽ˼Ͷ˼Ϊɣһ·ټԣٿȻĿԭѰҶģĿľȻ뿪ɣҶ
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֪ӦôŹ˯һͺˣ˯һͺˡ

 48 


ʮ
筡筡
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ţڱϿŵ˼ʱסҩι
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˼ͷۣǲι筺ҩҪæʲôҲﲻæˣԼɡ
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ʦȿȿȡ
˼šüУгͷۡ

 49 


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˼ɿסɴж롣˼εҨһף̧ۿʱ˫ʪ˿С
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ѩ˵θ֮ԣɼֵĴУԪҲڡ
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֨ѽһ̧ͷ˼Ŀ⿴ߣɫȻ
ʹĿ⣬ҿ˼
ΪʲôҪ˺Լ˿ڣ˼ڴǰֱʡ
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ΪּΪʦͲ뿪ҪҪԣΪʦھ뿪ǻȡ
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ڡ筱һƻѪڴϣ֣ʦ𡭡Ҫ뿪筶
ղ˼Ļʵû筴ģз֮ˮֻʦҪ뿪
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ʦҪ뿪筶
һúˣú˵ġ
˼¶筵鸴ӣִ֮

 50 


ʮ
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˼ﵱʰðתҪ뿪ǰ筡
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һʵԺ˲䣬筵Էж˼ﱧ𣬾ϵѿѾˡ

 51 


ʮһ
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ԼȡȻ£ûվֹĪ

 52 


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˭棿ǻˣ˼ҴŶڣ޴ӣֻеķݡ
˼Դڱ͵͵©۲档
ڵʯͷƿ¹Ϥǣ筻ˣô
˼ʱӱ筹غöţͷ㿴˼۾ڿģеһֻСè䣿
筣ôô
ʦĵһ仰ûзϣúҹһǳ筲ʧ䡣
ôȻô˼ＱҪ𰸣筵ɫ˸һаãʦֵźʮͽܣճͽ书ʦʦôûɽȥˣû١
Ǿͺá˼һΪʲôϵͳɣϵͳƽʱ̫УҪɵ
ȻһаãΪʦҲúˣȻŸ߱𡣡
ʱףʦŸ£
ǣԪɵţԸе㼬֡
ҪԼжӣ˼Ƴһۣʵ򲻹ָ֣ȡ
Լ֣ʲôʱܹǿܹʦ

ҹ˾֮ʱ˼筶˯¡
筴˯ڶұߣ˼ĴڶߣǷ·ԶΪĿռ䲻ʦʱ
ںڰۣĿͶ˯µ˼
˼ı칰һӰֻܿ˿ɢڱϣдʦĵ㡣
ʱ筼˼û·ģһö۵꣬ҹǷǣԺܳΪʦ·Ļ棬忪ʼȣҺ𽥱óء
ΪֹԼԶڣǿԼ˯
˯ڶߵ˼ٿ۶Ŷڣܵȵߡ˵ʦͽһʦͽܣһֻͽܵͽܵŮʦйŮһңŵǶʦͽң׵Ĵ
˼ɲǰ龰ٳ֣˱ۣ˯
ҹ¶ˮ䣬˼۵Ҫ˯Ȼÿҹܵ筵ߣ޷úϢ޷ˡ
˼Ҫ˯״ʦ䡣
˼ޱ飬ȻҪ筵˯ҲԻؿջ˯
˭ʦͽʦɽ
ֻܽܣϣڶſڴ˯ֻᴫƵĿ
˼뵽˵Ļ뵽ϻûȫãεذлʱ筶˼ıӰ͵͵䴽Ц

 53 


ʮ
ش
ץҩ
ȥģ
ûи˼£˵ĻҪ˼й¶ˣɱ˼˷ǡ
иˣЩء
粻Ǻע˵ʲôͷһ˿״Ĳرץҩߵ֪Ȼʦ𣿡
һۣʦʲô
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ûжעϵ£֪ɺȻʵԼŮѣ룬ѵ˼ﵱ˵ҪȥΪ£
ʲôʱ£
ʱ䡣
ͷ˼⣬ʱԲϡ¹ϵ˼ǵø˼˵˵
̧ͷʸϸڣȴץҩһǵ顣˲ףԼŮȻǳĲģǼͬԼŮȥ˵檣Ȼμǧ̬ȳϿԿǡ
֮ǰ˼شͽǸ㲻ϲȻˣûеҪԼʦ棬Ӻɷ
Ƕ˼һͽ筱кøУСһТġŮܹϲǸѡ
˼صǾ仰ʣŮҪҳȻʦ
Լ飺Ů룬ҳȻʦʦ϶ܹ
Ȼôˣ
ʦؽΣδ
ĿģҽرǳԣŮƵҪϴ̽Ϣûз˼ġ
Ůȷʵ֪˼ġڲǸĺʱȸ˼ɷ¡
һֵǣ˼ͽΪûѡЩϢѵҲ֪

һҹ˼ڱоؿڵ˿ֿʼʹҪȥץ
ʦȥץ
ҹ󿿽һůһ˫޳סҪץ֣ȦڻɢϢĺ籡ͷ
˼ȫٿؽӲ̲סǳ⣺筣
Դ˵һΣôҲֹ˵ڶεεķ
ʦ˿ڻѿº͵ػش
֪˿ץ˻ѺãҲҪַֹץ˿ڰɣô֪Ҫץ˿ڣ
˼ֹҪƿ筣˵øʦܲסġ
˼û־ֿ˿ڵķʹ˼ҪͻȻס̧ͷ˫ˮ̶ͫؿĪ˼еˡ
йŮһңеǿŮʲôΪףһʱ˼ﱻŮ֮嵽
ĬĬŤͷҲͦãֹԼץ˿ڣͦõġƨ
˿ʹʹģ˼ܵʱҪסȥץ˿ڣսôҲ޷ѡ
ʹſΪʦ
ʦУ
˼ǶԵģȷʵû־ȥֿ˿ʹֻ˵ûع˼һֵ߻ǰƲĸо
Ѿ⴫峿˼΢΢ۣ˫ĿԲоһȵġӲĶš
ʱ߳ŭתһŰ˯筸´
˯䲻ر´ӵϳ壬޹˼ȥԹؾһСϱͰ͵ؽУʦ
Ϊʦ˯ˣΪʲôԼ
˼ŭĿˣԽԽˡ
ͽҲ˯ˡ筴ӵվϵĻҳתƻ˵ʦͽȥ緹
˼ﻹû˲ûӰ
Լ˯ЩҵͷԼš˼룺ܴﲻǰ취ûϣȥԣûǻȥɣܾʲôȻ
ϵͳϵͳ˰ϵͳûгϵͳԺʯ󺣡
ڳ緹ʱ˼ﶢ筣筱òȻԽ죬̧ͷʦʲô𣿡
˺ûУ
ˡ
˼űʶͷΪʦ׼ɡ
筵ʱò԰ףʦ˻ûá
ΪʦѾްͣԽãΪʦԽ
սеĿӣΪȻôѾ֪Ȼ£
ʦÿô˵
筰˼롣˵üأɥ£ĻҲá
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筣ͽϵ򡣡
筱װװϵٸ˼ڻشæûпչ뽫߳ɽ㿴Ŀ΢УΨг²ߡ
ǰ筽ס筵ĻüͷСӣΪʲôҪʦ֪ɵ£
筴ô˽⽭֮µ֪ɵ£ո˵ĻջأΪʦ֮أҲϣʦٴˡ
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֪ҸԸ⿴ʦΪ˱ۡ筵ԻϣҪʦɡ
ʦʼջ֪Ȼڵδʦ֪Ȼ뿪ɡ
һ֪ٻɡ
˵ҲТһƬðɡ
ֻʦ֡
һ취
˼ﲻܷȻ뿴ΪȻƻòѰʱ䡣˽ˣԼϲˣ˽ĵҪץסࡣ
Ȼˣ

˼˵˼˿ϣпܳ˿ڷףɡ
签Աߵ˼ĳ˵׻һöʮ꣬׻ûʧ
˼˼󣺡ʱɡ
һԭأһ
筸˰ԵĲˣԵĲ˱ȽؿڣƽʱܳԣһֱԵĶ嵭ʶ˼ȤԭΪʦɻȴ
Ҳ筵˼ЩЦ
ͻȻпʱȻʼô筣ǰǰΪͬһˣǱĬ𣿿筻ûϺڻ֮·ɡ
䣬˼ϵϢ
˼һˣһ߼ӿٶ޸
ֵһԸоûŸʹһơ
˼ץס筵֣ء
˿ʹĵʱ͵͵ʹֱչ˼ûжϢʱϢ
һ˲䣬뵽ǰԼѵǰĶ
ٸΪʦˡ˼ﵭ˵һ䣬ٲ˵ΪʦֻṦΪʦٽһ书
ƫˣʲôҲǰ筿ܱΪȥа¥ɡ
ʦͽѧ硣
һʱӦʦѾѧ磬Ϊʦ书
ŮɢΣ

ΪʦԴģô


 54 


ʮ
Ůɢ˼ԴŮɢʧѾõ书ѧŮɢ书˼Ȩ鷿з֣ǡϰŮɢŮϰ书ʵ˶ϰ츳߸
Ǵģ˼˵һЩŮɢ书ʽʱ˼˵ĲЦܴᵽŮɢԶ̹ơ
˼ݸһƬŮɢԳ䲻⡢䲻κƷ
˵ͷͷǵʵ˼Ȩ鷿żŮɢؼֻǵôţǵϸݡӲͷƤؽ筣Լߣ˼Ŀ̵оȻܹǵò书ʽģϰ
˼ɽſǰڶǰĿյϰôƬˡĵؿ筵Ӱ֪˿ʯͷ˫ϿҪ˯ţȻһεѡ
۾ڿյһʯͷϴѣеĴ죬ָȻʱΪ˺筶ĵӡ
Ƽ飬ⲻڽĵӣȴ䱦Ц˼ͻȻ˼ǲǱƫ޿֣
Уˮͫٶ顣˼һϣҪĸо򶨵ݣض
ʦ뿪筵鲻Щʧ䣬ŵЩˡ
ϰʱ򿴵ʦˣ봵Ӹʦߣ벻Ūɳ׾еա
˼о¶ȹԽԽ粻ڴ˴һ˿ãһ߽ɵȻǵҪϵͳ
һһϢ筵˶ˡ˶֮ˣΣ˱ȳ˺õÿЩ
˼ҪȥɣһԵ筣ԭһֱûиɵ¡һҽģ˼ôʱ䣬ʵЩȥǰ֪˼˵ˡ
˼𾪣һʱתͷ筣˵һаã
ƭǽɽ׸ơ
ΪʦھҪɡһҲȲˣ֪ôʱ䣬Ȼôˡ˼侲ʱϵͳûκηӦȻʱûΣաȻٴˣٴαǶûˣǻдڵĵ
筿˼￴һ˲ָǰı䣬оµͬµĭȻɢ
Ӧ˵ʲôأʲôҲ˵ˣ޷ֹʦȥȻôãվЩΣζá
˼ͻػشãڻشõȻ˼֣𾪵Ըӡ
š缱Ȼ
Ѿ֪ˣ֮ǰΪûзɷ£ڸϹȥȻӦûü
תĿԭ˵ĳĲ㡣
š˼ͷ
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磬˼ͣسɷȥ߸筡
һ·˼ﶼûи˵֮Ĺϵֱǰģйů筺ʦǵʣʦ㲻𣿡
˼˫Ŀ˪ǰȴ̾һΪʦĲãʲôʱ㶼޷ı䱾ԡ
뷴ΪʦĲá仰˼ﻰл΢΢üʦͽ
ᶮġ˼ﵭ˵רڽµĲ
뿪ǰһҪСģ˼Ҳףжᱩ¶٣ʱŸ֪ûѩ֪һеСġ
˼ͻȻ筵Ůɢô
Լ˼еһʱסӦش𣺡Ѿ
УüӽʱϰȥҪѩһҲǺá
ǰЩ书ô
ʵҪĿģԶԸʦ
ǻãʤ󡭡˼ﲻٶԣṦӿų̡

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Ȼ𼸸ǰεһ֪ΪʲôӣΪʲô޷Ԥϡ޷Ƶľ棿ǣ޹ġ
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䣬ƴڵΣܾͲˡ
ȻװˣһޱޱһߣжΪҪԸ֡
̧ͷĳ͸һ˿⣬ʦʲôʱң
·ܵȻ˼ĽƣͣشӶԸϻɡ̤ɣɼѩѲÿһ䡣Ҳѩúܡ
筣һ筣ͦԸʼΧˣͬʱȺսС
ѩӶЩֵһ㣬˼筼̵
ǵĶѩˣѩ⣬ѾԤ뵽
ѩһۣĦָϵָЦɵţˣǸȥ
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ѩ֪ɵĵɡڻֻ֣ϧҲ˼Ķֹ֣筣²һ̱
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һưѩſڵϣæϵĶϹסѩ
˼ע⵽һ˿ѩߣ֮˱пɺֵ֮ͬ顣
ָһѩС˾Ӧº֡
Ҳ㣬ʦǰǸҵģƾʲôİõҵĶѩͷӲ
˼һƹȥ嵽ǰ¡˼üͷһۣƿʹһƳڵϵѩȥ
ѩպġںУۼ˼ӡԽԽ˿ûΪʦֶȻˣϽָժָ˫ַϡ
ۼѩ˰Ҫ˼Цôܵɵţû
˼ȡϵָ
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Ņ̀ͷһİ˵ѵʦҪɱˣ֣߬ʶҪס
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ʦҪ˹ٴαȻƿȻұܣ֧࣬šΪڵιãѩԣһҲ䵽޸֮ĵز
ﴫѪζվڵſǰѾ֪Ȼڵȣʲô롣
ʦѩҪָʱѾᵽʦҪοȻҲע⵽ѩµʱ͵͵ָ¸ҪȻɱ֣ڱƼʲôóѩѾûˣȻɱʦһŹڵʲô
̧Σһնɱѩ¡ʱȻڶţסѪ˿ڣ˿ҵ̧ͷȥȻܿʦ㽵٣۰ɣ
ʦ֣ʦˡ
ٲ١ȻһҲ֣ŵ͵ط£԰Ѫɫ촽ʦܵĳ˵ʦˡ
ʶ筣֪ʦ壬æܹסȻ
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ڵҸȫĵطȻҴӻѽҩҩ˿ֹѪȥӦʦǡ
ͷץס筵Ľҩ
筼ʱٺȻǣתһԵİѩʦù䲻

 55 


ʮ
ѩ˼Σƿεţһɳʪùζ
ʦãȥɣͽ档
˼һۣȽȥ
ѩһѪĲ½ȥҲòȥ촽Ѫ
˼׼Žȥ죬תͷڰ֪Ȼûˡ
ôͲȥˣ̤һ˻˳ѵεŹϡ
ѩһۿϵʬ壬˼һ֪ȦףʱҪߣû뵽˼ͦģȻŰڵΡ
ѩú˼ȫҪǳȥ
ʦȰʡȻҵͽܣǾͰЩ˼˵ţѵεϣѩܻš
ͷʣȻˣ
筴ҵȻȻձҩʱֹס˿ڵѪ
һμ˼һϮѩʥֱַȻʦ
ȻʧѪ˼üͷ𣬷Ը筰Ȼط筱Ȼʱ˼ע⵽һֱػȻԡ˿筣Ե죬ѵûв飬ھ»ϲȻ
˼ѰɣΪҳܼҡˣղֵ˶Ƕûгǳʲô¡
ǶںԺΪεĶһѩûг
֮˼ûпܼңܸܼΪɽȥˣûл
˼ﲻȥܼңȰɵǰŻϢɢȥܼ֪Ȼ
ԸɽҸҪҽȻĴ򿴹ȻˣҶΪƤˣ¡
ٺȻ˼תţ̧۱Ƽվ⣬˼֪Ʈδ
ʲôأȥϰŮɢʱΪʦһ֮
筻񣬡ʦѾ֪׷ɱ˭
˼ͷٶԣ̧뿪֪ԪɵŸ׷ɱ׳嶯һתΪ޷Ƶĳ棬ǰҪСΪá
ıӰɽӾһΣһΡˮͫ䣬ΪҪЩʲôʦſϿ
漴Ҳ粽뿪صԼԺӡĩ٣Ҷ飬ɳƬݺݵ·޷ƽеķ꣬һȭϣ֦ҡҡ׹Ҷӷ׷¡
ʲô֮ʲô㣬ʦͽϵάϵţɱֿ̾

ȻתĿڴ齱ѹŸ첲˯ŵӣвⷺϧָ̧Ĳ
ҵδҶȥҵδޣȻӡ
оڸʦϤϢ̧ۣͷȻЦʦЦÿܽػþĶǡ
Ȼ̲ס죬һ
ŵæʦЩط
Ȼ΢΢Цȿȡû¡
תһˮ˫ֵݸȻʦ
Ȼ豭һڣɫӦ糿Ϊʦ˶ã
һһش
ǻãΪչ켸ҹȻʦʵʦԼԺϢ𣿡
Ӧʦ˵ʦ̫ͷǵģҪͽȥʦ̫𣿡
ãʦ̫úϢʦϵԸǺúýɷʦԸ
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ΪɵּȻ˴δѲʩ࣬¡һƺʩţһƵɣûкõû
һҪôӣҪ෢չµĲҵܼЩһֱɽµĲҵʱҪָΪһŲֹڴˡ
һ˲䣬Ȼ˺ܶ࣬˳ǵëͷСӣҪʦ̵ͬʱҲΪãߣʦͽΣû캦֮£ˡ
Ȼ²豭ס֣ĿΪʦȢɺá
Բ쵰صغգԾʦ
ȻҲߺյصͷŵǰɣΪʦ㡣
סֽҪ뿪æס֣ʦԸ⡣üʹŮҽߡ
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ү˼òðɡ
Ȼ̧ۣʦүͽܲáͽѾģϲԼĵӡʦͽңף̲ݣΪ֮飬ͽ⡣
Сô˵
Ȼ˫Ŀ㱣ͽ֪ܲ
Ѿܾûˣںڰĵޱޱޱޱһϲϵˣ׷£
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ֻգߣ֪ߵУϡ
Уֻһˣһ°ѵˣͶƬѾۻۡ
Ҳ֮ǰδıʦ塣ȤվһԿϰ
ע⵽ûᣬϰһЩ¡
Ȼ˼̸ûѰһ£վУϣĿ⿴Уϵʦܣ˾Щ죬ļֲ
߽Уע⵽Ȼһʦ
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Ȼ죬㵵ؿ筡
筶Űģʦ̵ŮɢҺʦ˶ˣһֱڶˣ˲Żʦ֡
ʦȻˣȻʣʦôܵˣʦܵһأҪȻҲڲС͸оʦһֱܲʹţǻˡ
׷ɱʦʦѾ֪˭׷ɱ׼𡣡Ǳһֻʦһ𣬲˽룬һ䣬ʦ֣˻ûкãһһʦ
ȻҪڣ筽˵ʦ֮λʦ֣ʦӦҪúɣʦġ
ȻֹסҪڵĻֹһ˳ɳˣʦҲڳɳ
ʲôʱȻʣһɨæͣһúɣֻҪ֪ʦг̡
ոǸ̫ˣȻôһں筡
ʦδšջ񣬼ϷƬĶ
վһԵ۵ɴһʱ֮䲻֪˭ʦ˭ʦܡ

 56 


ʮ
ƽת۶ţ˼ŸѾ֪ûһأٸŸ߻ᣬ
˼ﲻɵŸս֮֮
ϵͳʲô书ؼʵһ֮ѶԸŸߣҲһѶȣûа¥ʵǰ˵ŮɢŮɢа¥ҪȻľͲа¥ˡ
ϵͳûлӦ˼֮СüҶԸŸߵʱˣôֻʧܣһΣ
Ÿ߱ΧڡĻеӦ
ϵͳ룬ҵĴɶĵλв˵Ը񣬻ǰϵضҪɱңˣٰæһҲͷɡ
˼ϵͳϵͳһʱЩԥֱɱˡ
˻һ˼ˣԭҪԭߵġɱŸߣҲ˳ϵͳĻ˵赶ɱˣ
ԺеϵͳĬǿԽ赶ɱˣǽ˭ĵأ˼и筵ӡ

ܼ˼ѾɣϽ˻ȴԭȻĵδѩ˼޶ԵӣĿת˻ȥ
˼ﶣһЩɵ±ת뿪
ܼѩΪСҲԭ¡
˼筵ĵط筵ԺһǰûԺԺһӣɫıۡ
ٹע筵û뵽筻Ǹɾĺӣдǵ㡣
˼ûнԺӣ筲Ժбת뿪
Ჽһ̣ԺеķŴﱻ˴򿪣˳Ժſڵʦľϲʦ
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ٱŸ߰ɱͲɵһ˼ˡ
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ڵŸӦ֪лһųԽ˼µĻѾ⣬ǡԪɸոձϴԷһԲ֮Ҫɱ˼ȷı

˼һֱڵһʱֻŸ߶ԪɣԪɺִ⡣
ȥϢܸԪ˵лһŸйأ˲Ÿڼǰɵǰ˼֣Щ˶Ǹлһйϵлһ˲Ҳˡ
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˼ûзŹʱƴȥŸߺ޿̱ſڵأʤѷ֡

 57 


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Ҳɱ˰ɡ
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˼筶һƬڵĿŲԶĶ
ãŸߵ³ڶĿյϣһϱ
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˫ŸµأǰȻһΣոջúõ˷׷׵ء
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īɫķ˿裬筻ͷȻһЦͶڹУΪƴһ
筱һһɱѪӨ׵һһѪۣڵأýסԼ壬һ˫ˮֱֱͫʦ筶ǰòԣֲ㣬ֻʦܹԭ筶
Ȼһ筵ؿڣһֱ۾ĿӰ˼ѡ
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ֵű֪ɱŸߵΣΪʲôðǰ筡ǰǽ
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ʦˣһϲĿϤֻˮѪ
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˼һֱû筻ôڸλǰֻһ
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Ƽ϶˵ϴ裬˼֪֧ߡһɱŸߵˣϵûлָǰӣΪʲôǾԭأǰһܹӣպǲҪ͡˼һ뵽ͷʹ
筽㿴˼һ԰׵ӣôˣȴ˼Ȼ˵ΪóȻʦķʧʱΪʲôţȥˣ

 58 


ʮ
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ˡ
筶μʦ˵ͷ뵽ʲôٿšüһƬڰʦ˴ӱˣ筶Ϊʦˣʦޣʦʦ˵鿪ʼȻ
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˼ﲻ̫ĿԷ£Ŀɣ£˫Ųĵʦ㲻𣿡
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뿪ˣ˼˼ȻǰָĦ豭벻ʱ뿪ˣڵʧΪһõĽ

Ÿߵܿ촫ɣȻֵطʣԪɵűɱˣ
ԪɶȻ˵ôϤ֪ԪʲôԨԴһǲȻ뽭Ϊ˱Ȼ
ȻֻһĿ꣬ǺúýɷɳΪµĽһɣһƵС˵ĺġ
һԵ˼ͷȲ裬ɫʣв鵽ĸ𣿡
ȻҡҡͷĿǰûС
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˼ﱻԼ뷨ŵֲ߬סҧҧ
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筡Ӧʱ˼žԼ˵筡
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˼һ£ʲôʱ筶˹
ǰŮӻһʦ̫˼û筵Ӱûжü
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˻ֿʼгʳѵؿڵ˿ڻûк
ҪʹŮɢԷϳ
ӽǡ

 59 


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ŸߵԪκˣ֧ŸߵҪҳɱŸ֮ˣŸߵ˰ϲܳﻮһš
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筺ᱧ˼뿪ɡ

˼תѣӻζһᷢԼϡ
ϵü·ǲƽ·ϿҪҡεҪŻˡ
˼̧סԼĶͷӻ磬Կǻʹ
ܵ÷ɿ죬ӷɵϤӰͻȻһС
筣ҪΪʦȥģ˼ûϵҡҡλƶ嵽
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ʦԪɵѾɣ筶ܰͻȥǻȥᱻץȥԪɡ
ץȥôΪʦȥȻɣ֪ס
˼һΪȻǵޣһקס˼½˼һ֣ŭӣʲôôʦ𣿡
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筶ôôʦ
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ʦúܹԣҪȥʦöá߻˼촽ϡ
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ۣŲֵ˼ֻûһжá
һĨˣ˳⣬Լ㺣̧ٴθǰȥ

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ۺ͵͵温һɰ˶һϮѩȹ˿죬üԶɽ£뻨
۴ûмôÿˣʧͬʱţѵλүķˣ
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筿˼һ±ֹ˿ƻɥʧһЩʱ
筿Цһѱ˼˼ﰲشԺ
۹ȻµòλǷˣֻոշе֡
筰˼ŵϣǰʦ𣿡
˼Ŀ⻹ĳս֣׻׻յʦҡ
˼˫Ŀ񣬵ǰĿת筡
Լ˵˵ʦ筶ۡ
֪˼ûлӦįֻһ˶Ϸʦһ筶
֪ƻԿһ˵ʲô˼죺筶

Ħ˼裬Ŀ⿴˼ʦСɻ飬һԶޣ˵𣿡
˼Ų촽ƵĹƻ˵á
ʦԣԺûɺȻֻˡ

 60 


ʮ
ʮ·ѡ˼뿪ʵĵط紾ӣԶ뽭ûʶǡ
ձΪǷޣ筿Ǹ꣬ũС˵ѾȢӣֲ֡
־͹úÿҲúÿһˡ
֪ΪԶڴţģ񽭺ʿ
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ûоܾǵĺ⣬ϲʦĻ֣ȫС˶֪Ϊޡ
Ժѵմϲ֣˺
ױĸ˰Ƴ⣬˵ڻܼӣ򲻼
筵ͷЦƳԼϺɫһֱҡҴӣ˻䣿
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ǿʼӲԾ뵽Ӻԭǽʿٶ˵
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˼ֽ߬סȹӣú
Ȼңߵ˼ǰ˼ס˼֣Լеĺдһһôá
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ݹɣ˼ﱻ붴
˼뿪ӰоʦҪȥһҲܵȣǱͣ鷿ƿţֻźͷ˼ﰲڻ鴲أ˫ֵϡ
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ʹͷŵ棬İ룺ƣû˵ľͷ

 61 


ʮһ
˼ϴǰһ裬˼еңѵҪǰһӳסĵط
ү
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˼ָˮô룬Ŭ㣬һұ뿪ɣʱ䣬Һܿ㲻ܸҡ
筴۽ޣá

 62 


ʮ
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