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Ľֻ¡
һƭȥ߽С֪࣬ҵϱӵɷ򣬴ӦףǰԵ
޼ΪĺӣԸ޸Լ׶˻顣
û뵽ǴݰףЦ޵Ĺն˵Ҫ顣
޼۾ʲôĿģ

˵޼ϼҴһʮͷСɩǳӴ
һСãܸСιһȥС￴ŽΣܰĺչ˺
ûã˷Լס
ã˼ܸȫĺϿΣѧ
ֽû޼ˣ˼һ³ĺӶˣɩֻúƤ̡
㣬ƺϺӣ罴зζǰӹ˻
1.     ƭң㶼ã

һĸҪذƴ壬ȥɷ

һڡ

ӿӣĲúóԷҪָͷָͷܵԣСϱϴЦɷ̺ܽӡ

ӿժ۾ѶӱЦеҡţԷ

Χ˿ҸһڣǻһЦȴź

ɷҲжκԵȴʮꡣ

ֱʮ꣬תתߵһȴֻ˶ݵһҸʱ⣬ɷȥˡ

ҪǵûдǲҲһƵģŮ˫ȫ޶ҪҸжҸ

ϧ˹ţٻˡ

뵽񻪵ŵĺӣײײı䡣

˵˵ЦЦڷʹޡ

ֻаûںź

ɷ޼һ׵ģүӶϹսսԼԶϱҪһһŮͽһԵ

ɶʮ꣬ʡʦѧֻһ˸û취ֻܻؼҡ

ڼһС֪࣬ƭ˽ȥ˱߽

Ժԯޣ޼ôӲˡ

С֪ҲǸˣ˵ıȳĺ˱߽֮ͻָбԡ

񻪹˻飬Լ⣬ٻ㳡

Ǯ׬˲٣Ҳôˡ

ʮ꣬ͬ޼һ飬ʮˣȻ˸ƻ

Ժ޼ǰˤˣ»ˣİ㣬緹Ҳ͵ߡ

񻪵޵÷̣ˮͷһˮϣ۾룬ðһΣҲǸ֪뿪ģ

ò׿޵һ̧ͷֱסˡ

ϹľӱÿӿݣС˲٣滹ʽеʱ۵۵Ѿܾûˡ

ҪǾǸˡ

ϵƱ¸ƽ޹Ժ۾Ƥ覡

ݰףƯ

ϾԼŵס

ΰɣ

⣬ʮģ

Ƶĳţ𳵴ľѸٵˣûи¥ãûгˮĿĵҲӸʽƤ𳵡

ͶһŻƱдλ

ճƱϵλҹȥԼڵĳᣬ񻪾Ϳλһĸӡ

СкָͷһĿԼ

ԱŸɸӣӿϽԷָͷܳԱ

⣬񻪲ŸţԼĻص˶ʮꡣ

λߣ¾ߵ˸ˡ

ԲûΪԼߵ˶ĸϽǸ

˭֪λȻˣʮͣϸƤ⣬һ˵İ׳ͷ

̽ͷ˿Χͷ𳵵˲࣬Χûˣȥ棬ΰûûĴλ

طһ춼ȥˣҪһ۾͵߽ðȥ˾ֵܷأԲţ򡣡ſھͿ½˳ƴ壬ǸӣԲůҪɻһԲһء

ˣ񻪾һЦ

˾ϱӵǰ򣬹ΰ

ղʱ䲻ԣԼѾΰȥ˱߽

춼ڰˣԼһķֲ·ڡ

õĽţȥʡ򻯷ʣ˭֪кøеĹΰ֪ҲŻ˻𳵣Ͷλ档

һ·Ϲΰһֱ˵˵ǰЩ֧Ԯ߽ǹжҸĳԲ꣬ҵǾͷֵء

һʦѧ֪֧飬˽Ĳȫ棬ΰһͨ˵ʾǰͰĸҲӹȥһ˺ͺĹӡ

Ϊΰ˵ıȳĺټϱĸż޸Ϥ޼񻪲Ÿһѻͷȥ˱߽

߽ӲùҪúܰ˶ܹҲֻ⣬ԵŵζŻ

Щ񻪶̣ɶǹΰ쵼ȻʼɧСʼ̰ܻߡ

֪£񻪵һʱѼ֤ݣΰĴֱͽ˼

ͬʱֻ۾ĸƵģӦڲ޹ΰֿʼȰ˵ˣ񻪣ģԺһ㣬ǵõģڱ߽쵼ȥ˾ֵܷأǵǾͽ顣

ϸʱӸöΰ˫֣һ˵ڱ߽һ޼ʵšϣҰϡ

αƵ̧֣ΰҲİֵݹҪǣš

žһ

񻪸صһƣ

ϣҰϡ

ȹȥ͸ũᡷȥɣ

һȥΰ˲両ָͷӡѪˣɼжޡ

ˣƾʲôңΰ˼ӣһĨӣ˲ͱŭˡ

𣬹ΰǸӿñҪˣվֻ۾ݺݵģŽ񻪡

̧ۿƲƭȥ߽㶼ã

Ž񻪰죬ΰˡ

˻ڱ߽³Գܶ˶ȥ߽

ǽϲʱ˵˱߽ʵԸȥˡ

ҪƽʱԸúȰȰϾ񻪳ʮһݵƯĶҲƯġ

ΪһƣΰԹ

ŽǸСﲻĨűѪҲװЦţΪܣҪߣҲȥˣȥ͸˵㹴ģˣҿң޸˭ȥ

ڻѾʡǣ˩һϵƣðֵ㡣

ղĸȥ˲ΰԲװˣ׹¶

ػһӣԼӰ̯СԵһ̳ⳡϹôܱס

ɤӣųͺΰأˣåˣå

ͻһɤӰѹΰˣȷӦȥŽ񻪵죬Զһȣʲôˣå

ӭһˣźµΰӳֱӰѹΰָסˡ

ͬ־ҪٱǴ·ŵ֪࣬˽ܳ˻𳵣Ҫܣ񻪶ΰӳ󣬿ٵ˵

ΰֱҪˣƽʱܺƭģ˵͹ȥˣôôӲΰӣ

ûСΰſڽ࣬Ͻҡͷͬ־˵ǶڸƢ

˵˵ף㴦ʲô󣡡һͷˡ

ֻкøУûȷϵû˵䡣

ΰӳһֱ࣬ӳˣ̰ǵĽŸҿ

ùԼС淭˷ҵ˽ŵݹȥ

Ľšΰӳһ˫ӥۣƽ˹ΰ

ţ

ղŻĿ¶׹ĹΰȴԼҪ군ˡ




2.  ؼң޸ģ   Ըޡ

Ҫûнţڸһˡΰӳΰòһ֡

ΰϱֵصһֱðͣĭ

ҽ͡侲˵

תͷ񻪣˺ܶࡣ

װף֪ܱ˾Ǵ£㲻Ҫץȥ͸ũ/

Ҫ񻪸Ŀ˵Լһ಻ʣæණղֻǶ֮ĳܣ¾ת

񻪣˵˵Ǹղǲ棿ϵıеɭȴּ˸Цݣѵһ޸ˣҲӦ

ĲȻƽ񻪾ͷ

ϼӦ˵ٴˣף˭ޡ񻪿һ۶˷ѱ飬ôһԽҲQء

۽ɨͿö˶߹

رģò֣Ҷ

ʱΧڳ˶ܹŲƺϷ

ˣղåֻ鼱֮ºģڣ񻪵ùΰʵ

ͷرί˻ˣå

СӿǶ飬°ɣһ긾Ů˵

զᣬûСŮĶ࿡һ˵˵ΪɶòţװСŮĶ󣿡

Ϊΰϵı̫ѿⶼһһģžͲˣ˶ŵͷǳҪҪ˼װ׵СŮˮ

ģ˭֪¡

һһĭԶԶĳΰ

ΰӣô˳Լָָ㣬˶ҪţּŽ񻪵Ҫɱˣ

ҪͻȻôΰӳôܱ˷֣

⻹ˣòžץߣ͸ȥָŹΰһ䣡

͸ֱ֣ӾͰѹΰһˡ

Ӵܳðǻ𳵣Ϊȥ͸ĵģ

ڻ϶һҹıһȫй﷢һײΰӳСƵģҪȥץ񻪡

ǿû˵ɣһУϽˣȴֿ˻

һ̧ͷ

㣿ҵ͸ˣåߣΰӳߴֱһͦؾͰѹΰײˣȣأòܣһȣ

ѱΰÿһڴֻѳһֻʡ

ߣͣ͹ȥ

ΰӵСӺӿһקŹΰԴšŸ첲ƴģѺֻѺˡ

УⱲɱ뵱ʲô쵼ȥС

׮£˿ֿΰӳûߣĽţϸϸĿš

ǰƴˣ³İƴ壿ΰӳ̧ͷüʡ

һ⡣

òΰӳǴ˵ݰɣҪΰһ𳵵鴫ȥ֪Ҫզָָء

ǣ˵𣬻ǼǴ壿ʡ

սǴġΰӳϲϵý

һֱЦˣҵ

ŮΰӳҲˣæ׷ʣô

˵ţʾ˵Ҳº˲١սѵĹŮԼûʲô

սȣˣڴﵱ֧顣

ҲΪȣԶţ򻯷ʵ䵽˽ͷϣȥʡǡ

ӳͷսѹòͼţһüëдʡǣôվˣųǡ

ԴˣҲ˵ͷҪ˵أ壬֮ǰ䲻֪࣬ˣʡ³ܲܰųƱҪؼҡ

УнţҸһš˵ӳζοɱվؼҡ

֪Цӯӯ

ϱӣҲ۰Ͱ͵ĵɣ

ιŮ硣



ųǻվ³ˣɱһץϹðˡ

ΰӳȥһƱ˵˼û˳˻ȥĻƱ

ӳ֮ǰҪ˴ĵַ˵Ҫ籨

㱾ͻؼңһżĸ籨ƽӳô˵ġ

񻪵ͷ˵˺üллȻȲ̤˹Ļ𳵡

˲ܰʡǽ³˻ʣ˰æ̧ϻ𳵣·

һҹĻ𳵣ٴŻسǵĻֳ˴˵¿һ·ڵڣ񻪵ҵʱѾǰˡ

򵥵ϼȾ죬紵Ҷ죬˶ŷڴڵĴྡ

񻪻죬ѻʷ£ǰáүӭ

ؼȥһ죬۾Ҫϸඣ

һͣ񻪼ҴҵǰߣԶԶľͿԼҵСԺӣդΧˣԺɨĸɸɾˮϦһգ϶

һ߷ٴһСƿդ˵

ߵߣ񻪷ڿޡ

ʲôףͷɻƾɶҹŮˣ˵

˵ˣҪǺõҲͰˣû˵μСѾޣ

ǣ˵˵ģǸôԶĵض˭֪ǲģﶼ˵ԼޣҴС۵ĹŮҪĹ޸˵ȥ

˰죬ǺҲۣҵۣ

֪سǣյɶϢǰսѸҷ籨˵ųץܵĹ֪࣬Ҳڡ

һ顣

֪ŮĪĸĸȻˣųǣʡ۹ŮǸС˽˰ɣҵɵŮô˵ĵ㣡ҪǱ޸μСӣܣ

˵˵ţĸɩҲصˣҰٻأûףûöӸ˭֪ǰҹŮ

¶ģ޼ĸ׺ιǰЩȥˣ֮ǰѽ˽еǰһǰףŴһܳɾͳɣɾ˭֪˶ʱ䣬Ҫý񻪼޹ȥ

ҿĹŮϸĵڻ֪ģҰһϽң˵ˣĸȹϵһ

ʲô˼˵ˣϾ͵ҡŴ򣬲Ʋߣ޼ĺӲԼģǾսѺӣмɣϹ¡

զˣҹŮ޹ȥҪĸָˡ

ڵָ񻪴С飬Сʱؼҽ־ѾͷСߵһ˵/˵զ죬˵СεӲָ˭ܻס񻪣

һ˽¶ֻ֪ɶʱҲ֪ǵðѹŮϹŸ𣿡

˵զ죿ƻˡ

񻪻úȰȰҲݡ

֨ѽһľӦ񻪾վſڣЦе˵òȰԸޡ

ʱŵһż




3.     ԶɽŨ

ɵŮզҪܵģչСӲǸöĸ˹ϵ°һͨû۸˰ɣ

⻰˼ʵʣûиΰΪ

񻪸գûУ˭ҶҰëȣ

ûоͺãûоͺáĸ˿

У˭˵Ǹ˯վܵųȥġһҧǲСվ

ˣ˯վǰɣȥϴú˯һվ¶ͶԳ˯վȻŮһؼҿɲý͡

һ¶ڽҹȥˡ

񻪻ط˯һҹڶһ˵ҪȥسǸ

겻ڵģɶˡ

һҹȥĸˣҲͨˣȲҪŮѹؿŮɵѾͷСϻ㳶࿴ţ

һ֣ȥسǡ

ߣ̫ˣ׷źһ䡣

ƴɽ壬ҹͿʼ˪綼ɢˡ

Ҳһô˪߲˴ģóԡ

緹һԵģｪ񻪳ã

һ㶹磬˴⳴һӵκͽͣǴģ㡣

ȥһӲˣﻹиɩӻ۶˶ȥ꽪ĸɹɵСܲɡ

ܲɣϸϸгСȻŵ¹һζ֮Ͻͺʹףٰر·

ţĴĽСӣʮ߰꣬ɻ۵һ󺹣źջ

㣬˵СҪˡСſھͽн㡣

һһŮϴ滹иܵܣн

ȥ껹ϸУ˸ѧˣͻµظɻŵȥ

޼ңߵʱҲʮꡣ

ټҵĺĴܲһ棬ѹ֪ɶ

ѵһ£˵֡

զˣСҵţû

һ̧ͷѾҴҵĳ˳Ÿ˻Ƶġ

ߵſڣϻԷĽ˵Ҫ𣿡

޼滹һһ㣬С񻪶ж硣

ģѾˣɥԼ˵

񻪶ʱվſڲˣٸн

Źΰȥ߽޼ͻ˼ҡ

͸һ찡ϱôӲĴ

˶ӣżζˣָµ˵϶Ҫۼһˣ˵ףˣ˼ҾС

ףܰɣûദء񻪰Űɡ

ţϱ޼ʱһֱǵûн飬ôһ͸Լס

Ҳ˶٣ǰˣСǸТӣ˰֣Ϣȥˡ

Ȼɻ󣬵ɷҪʱɷ򣬽񻪻ϲϲĸһ⡣

׼զѽ㣿żζĹһɵЦžˡ

ۼеʣųζƬϹͱƳٷ̲һ̲˷壬̲˵ζóءЦеĽ͡

һϽȥջ𣬡˵ˮҪˡ

ΪҪ̸ŮĻ£ͰµĴ򷢳ȥˡ

ճţܻ㣬ζˣ

񻪸Ͻ»·մ˵ˮѱ룬һ߳ţǽһš

ϱ뿴ʱƬ޼˵ûУϲģʽ˵Լʱ򳤵óһ̡

͸èһ

ʱɷĳóһ̣

ĺܺ档

۰Ͱ͵ĿӽҺμҵС·ûɢããʲô

ֹһᣬԼܿһͦεӰҼȫס

񻪸ҧŴ۾ֱС·ȫ߹Ϳʼɷˡ

ʲô᳤óһ̣ȫǺ˵ģ

㿴ԶɽŨȳƤСɫͰɫ֮䣬ײڣüӢ

ȷʵһֻ̣üβһС飬˼׺ʡ

һһӡ̤

񻪲Ȼߵڼſڣ鿴ԼŵĶ׼š

СΣǴȥͻȻ

޼ʶμסģ߻ˣ壬ҵġ

ѾʼЦˡ

ӱˣɷһûб䡪Ӳ




4.  ˻   Ůͬ־

һ޼Ųٶһл̣ƿƣ龫֮ģǹҪƱ򵽵ĺö

̣Ʊѵá

ôصĶ׵İɣ

ЦˣãԷɣҼ˷

ٽţֹŮ۾ֱˣһѡ

զ˵񻪻عֻ۾

˼֪żǲ⻢˵

˽£˻ڵģǵ̲ˣ˱ǵ˲ֱڶڡ

ŮĻ²ϽٺˣԲ·

ɤӣҪˡ

СΣǰ˻Ӧø˵ˣô

˵ľǺι֮ǰ׮ס

˵꣬޼ֱӰԼĶᵽϡ

Ҳʼˣ죬˵װɣװɣʱֱͦףһžף

˭֪޼ִӿڴȡһöӵǷϣƽ˵壬񻪣Щлǵġ

л

ҸŮһۣеͷԡ

ллҵʱչˣɥʱҲ˰֣һ˶ܸм¡

޼ְӵƹ˵ף͵û£Ժ񻪼ˣһ񡣡

۾ˢһºˡ

Ϊף޼ſھҪ˻飬˵ʲôԺ޸ˣ

޸˭ȥ

ӵǵҵүӴսϻཻ˻Ҫ˻顣

磬֪ΪɶڲӴˣ񻪴ſǻ˵

ԭʵ벻Ϊʲô޼ΥԸҪԼ˻顣

ˣãԼһ˹⿪㳡Ҳˡ

񻪿ˣ޼ĿȥЩ졣

ϾӡԼһֱûô˵ΪѾͷͰԼˡ

ĹŮ󱳣ڽ˵񻪰׵ģԺ󾭳߶㣬ûϵˣû֡

Ϊ˼֧飬˵ˮƽرߡ

ҶԼж޼ģû󡣡

ΪʲôҪ˻飿ּ

ӣ񻪼޹ҪίӣҲˡ޼˵ĸɴࡣ

ԣϱҲΪӣŹʮİɣ

һûж󣬽񻪵ַˣΪЦЦ޵ģҲ⣬˭Ҳӣ

εĻľ޼ˣ֪ĸƻŮԸ޹͵ӵģ

ο񻪲ƣôƯҪ޸ǲɵ

Ůһ޲̼޹ȥҲǲţŮɵ

иŮôϸӵģ

һ񻪺󱳣Ӿ˵¶Ȳ˵ˣԷҪˡ

СҲԣҳ㷹ûвӳԵúã˵ţѲ˶˹ȥм䣬òơ

һ룬񻪰Ѳ㶹ƹȥԲˣ㶹硣

ȫʶķӦϱȥ궼񻪵ˡ

޼ӶסˣϸϸĴ˽񻪡

˵ղǾɵˣڶһ˼

ڲӵʱдŹ䲻뽪񻪣֪˴ѧгϢ

޼ɣǲʡǶѧʱյʲôõ֪ʶ˲߷ɼˣ

ڲӣǷԱ޼ܾⷽ衣

Ǳ԰߷ߵļΪʲô᲻ӶҪ޹֪Ŀζϲã

룬޼˵壬ˮ𣿡

˵񻪣ۼһûСεˮ

ũǣòŪ㣬Ŵ͵ġ

߱˵ôˮѽĲҶݲ衣

ҡͷʧЦס

ˮ񻪱ЦģȻײ޼Ŀ⣬ͷһӵĶԼܿƿĿ⡣

֪ˣղ̫ԣ˵̫࣬¶ڣɷأڻǴ֪ЩϢˡ

񻪲˵ˣ˵࣬˵

˷޼ҪߵģΪղŵ飬ʡ

壬25񻪽ˣ

ʮͷûʮաһ۹Ů˵

޼̽˵ѧ

ѧر𽾰ǣʡʦѧʮһѧ

ϧͷ̫ƽֻһͻˣҪȻҼҲܵѧʦ

ôߵѧ޸ֻڲӡ޼̾һӶôί

ӣҲ֪ġ

ϴ󽨰ԸšУе㱩򣬳Ժ˼

˵϶ƽִ֣ػء

ʶɷʱƽΪ𣬱ͬҲ磬һ˵ǹƥȥֹ˴һֻ֡

ܱܵ˴֣Ŷһ첲ҲΪļ

ǸСŮаѾͷСһɷұ˶˵ţ˻飬ڼչ˸ƽ

Ӳ֪ʲôԭ򣬶ɷǲǣܺ

޼ҲΪӷѾѪĴӲ顣

ȻһأҲΪ׼

̲סڣնҲί磬ǰ˵Ը飬ûжΪʲôӦأ

޼˵濼ǵӡ

Ҳ̤ʵˣǸТӣӦòˡ

Ȼһᣬ޼ӵǣһȥ룬

ڽҸŮѾǰ˾ŲʮΪ޼Ȼ˵ȻԸǾѾ˵ˡ

ãڼҵ㡣

޼һգûĵɹŮһۣôˣһ᲻µȥ

᲻ù᲻ã˹ˡҲ̲סЦˣˣ

һʯͷܲ

һЦҲˣ

˵䣬ĸſڽˣž˵˵Сλۼңǻ̸զˣ

˾Ų룡˾Ų롣ЦŻͷ˵

ĸһ֣ã²ɫ촩СسǷˣƥɫģͷžװһѣ˭˵л

߸߸ˣЦġ

޼˽Ҵţû̻ؼңҸڴĽһгһ·ŵسʾ֣ͨ˳;绰

ι˾޼

绰ͷ˾ͦɻģ㲻ǻؼұɥ̽׼ٻкü죬ż

ǣм㱨

Ҷ׮ףŮͬ־⡣޼˵




5.  »֮ҹ   һֵǧ

绰ͷһĬ

һᣬ˾˵ʲô⣿

Ҵ˻飬Ը޹ӡ޼ִӣʳָţǹƯ˽ҵĿζϲá

ģ

Һü꣬ﲻ֪ҵĿζ

˾ˣܱ԰߷ˣ˼ơ

ǣ˼

˾ˣǴģôӴ԰

˴ѧһڼӴ˶԰ˣô죿޼üͷҲڤ˼롣

һᣬ˾İˣҪ汻߷ˣҲǱˣܷβܡ취ǲһ飬û⣬Ǻúùӣ⣬֯

սܿ

һ˼ල

˵绰˾Ҳ룬˭ලСϱأ

Ǵɽ



ڶ磬޼ٴš

νž˵壬Ȣ񻪹ţȥ

񻪸մԼ콵ϲҵĲˡ

ȵסֶֻǿյģҲе¡

ôණ׷һ˫֣զģ񻪼޲ȥˣ

ţ޼ͳһǮ˵٣ڸ

Ͷ˭ҽ鲻񣬷˿ˡ

ǮҲţһ˵٣

Ҹİ٣컹س˶İٿǮһĴŽᣬ£͵ݵˡ

Ǯ˵ɶʱ֤ȥ

ڼҳˣһڲӣڲӴ뱨档޼ɫĳ˸ѡ

ʵ쵼Ҳż£һʹŴ˽룬̽׵ʱʵľ͸Ͻ֤

˾޼Ҫ׳֤һŮͬ־⣬޼˻ϵļʹûеͷҲͷˡ

ܵðϲ磬ü֪Ҽ񻪼ˡĸһĸ߷ű˵

޼˵ץʱ䣬ݼʱ䲻࣬ҺҪߡ

ڶ˵ˣһһûôҪѹŮ޳ȥ

񻪴Ӹղվû죬ڿ˵ǡ죿

á޼ͷ

߸˵꣬ſھһߺ

Ͷඣ

޼ſһĲ壬ȳ

߳ȥͿԼſվͷ¿Ű峵峵һոгź첼أٿŸ

޼Ѻ͵ģ͸к壬ҵܵĲ̸ýû

ڳ˼еĲתһ죬ôƱܴһ㲻ġ

޼һгǸ˽档

ŮТ˳ɣԺ￪ᣬͲõ¿ˡھӶ֣ܳЦ˵

ǣǣСТ˳ǿЦһ£пԣ˵춼ϲ磬԰Ҽˡ

ھӶ֪޼ʱҲû˵תͻȥˡ

ھӣðμֵܽн

вҲмױڵױˡ

մĹأҪϲ裬и嶷˼ҿҲСı׼˵ġ

壬Ҫ𳵻ȥЩòˡ޼ֱ˵

Ǿ͸ǮеضɣĸϽ˵

С

Уʮһ𶼸񻪴ߣСڻҪӿ϶Ͱ͵ġҧҧ

Ҫ֪һ¹Ҳʮ顣

ЩǮȫŮߣŰǵһڶ޼Ǯķݶϣúô񻪡

Ϊ˸ĸҪľֻЩ

޼˵Լš

Ҫǽ⣬Ժɾһȥˡ

Ǯܺù㣬ܺܵ㡣

̧һ۾ˣϽ壬ǣȻؼ׼ϲƣͰ졣

磬߰ɡ

ֵţĸˣŽĨᣬߡ

ѣôżˡ

ĸһ˫֣ϸܣʽȱ˼ҵĺÿ

ʵʵվţΧĸͻȻͰѹŮסˣһǵһʱ򣬰ǰߣһգ۵Ĺ㶼Ҫˡ

⻰˵ĽرᣬҪǾȰƣҲȥڼ㡣

һ仰ѽĸ˻ȥ־ʹ򣬡㣬سǶʼָϽߣ

óߴ磬ĸһɫĲһΪͿʼĲüˡ

񻪿һֱ˵ҲǣűһԣͶ￴

룬ͳİٿǮǮ°ɣǰЩҸѧҲûʲôǮЩǮҲܹĿԣЩ

ߣĸͷһһķţһ·Ѿ״ˡ

תһȦˣҲͷͳٿǮǴͷ

ϣ޸޼Ӧø˵ģ񻪷ȥģô˯š

賿ˣޣҲһһ̾û˯ţ

ڴϷ˸񻪵Ҳˢˡ

Ȣ¶˻ϲ˳᲻ùŮϴֵĶϲ£ˡ

ϴҲ޼Ĵ磬ϱˣ첻ɻȥ׼ϲƵʳģٵҸΰʣӴ֮ģæýѾӴס

޼ӣرΣ磬ǵ͵㣬ôġ

ܣɩӲɶиӰĵġδɩ˵ʱұﶼףּҵʱҲһҪǣΨһԸǿȢϱȢˣȢ񻪣ҵúúٰ죬ϿҲˡ

磬޼Ͼװӭף

񻪴·Ƶľװ仹һյϸϸģһЦݰס

ѽ˭˶˵һˡ

׮֣ҵݻ϶ˣÿ⣬̳ˣԵ϶͡

ϲƣȥι𻨵ķǰ˵һͨȻؼҵʱҲˡ

ϲ»ҹŸոտʼ

ɩľ͹˯ڴϣԱһۡ

ճ¯ɷɵıľװҪֽͦڶϣƽȣҪ۽ë΢΢Ĳһ£񻪶ҪѾ˯ˡ

òᣬҲڽŰɣ

ϱʱ򣬾ͺһԹ㣬иԷĵ飬Źӣ¶ô˼

ڿǷ绪ïĶʮ꣬õļ꣬Ǵһֵǧ»ҹûɵɶ

˰죬ۿ޼Ҫ˯ˣҧҧƿԼıѣɷı




6.     ⾹Ǿ˵ĺ

һѣüһ񻪲㱻˳ȵ¸ˡ

ǲ޼ʲô˼Ϊ˵ʮҲһ¾ͻرߡ

ģģһץס֡

ӣͲ˵ʲô𣿡գˮ۾ر޹ʡ

˵ѽ²˵ϱӵЩҲûϵһ¸ɣ

رڴ롣

˭֪޼ˢһ۾ץסҪҵС֣رɴİһ

ͣ񻪣лҪ˵

˵ء񻪹Ӽ

޼ɻȥŷ˵ڲŶʮ꣬һʱ嶯⣬ûлͷʲô˿Ը˵

޼ǹܱ˲߷飬񻪾͸ҪҪ»ҹͰ£һķޡ

ߵģһյĺͮͮġ

Ѿĺˡرɷ˽һ¡

޼һ۾֪ˣ˵

˴۵СۣӥƵģ˯š

񻪸ղҲֻһʱͷûǷ뷨Ҳʱȥ

ˣأҽòáûһǾôģ

ϴн꣬϶ƽ꣬ǸС꣬аѾͷС㲻Ҫѵдңͷ޼ֻ򵥽һ£̸ӣø˵˵

ţôģǵĸĸôˣ񻪿𼸸ӻͶˣҲȤ

ûƢΪϱѾ˽ˡ

ǰľǸĸ飬޼տڲᡣ

û뵽ʱԸ˵һ˵

ǵĸҵսѣһִʱ⵽԰ΪһԼ԰ˣȥˡ޼ܵͣӦ˼սѡ

񻪲㾪

ϱΪ޼ȥӵֶǸչˣԸԼۣҲҪǹġ

Դˣһֱвﷸֹ

˭֪ȻǶ˵ĺӣûǰְֵȣҲûɷȫ

˭

ӵأ︴Ӽˡ

ǡһǴӱġ

Ҫޣʡ

ҪʿŹ²ǮѺݼңԼļޡ޼ȭͷԺҹȥӣƽƨڵܣ˷һͰԺ档

Ͱ޵ƨɲҪˣ񻪲˵

ţˣҾʹزӣĿǰҽڰæҲڲӣһط

ţҪػһ⣬Ҫǰ޸ɷôҲ֪Ϊ׸ĺӣȻô

ǼĻ𣿡񻪹ӵĹϵ

˯ɡ޼̧˵ƣտڲ̸

̬Ƚ񻪾ˣСʱʼӵĹϵͲá

޼Ǹִޣſ˵Ƣ񻪲²ţǲ֮ʲôᣬŵºϵǾǧ֮⣬һ仰˵

˰죬ҲԺ

ʲôᣬҲõȵ˲ӵļңӸùϵԺ󣬲Ūˡ

ΪҪϻ𳵻زӣ첻͵ȥ;

ûôСĴܣװֻ޼һǴɩǰİӣ·ϵӡ

·ԼҴŵʱ򣬽صس濴˿Žգﻹء

ûѻѾȥˣ֪ԼҪߣǲ

һͷҵķ򿴣޼ͣ½ŲҪȥ˵仰к

عͷ˵ˣãˣ϶ҪޣһҲ޵ġ

Ǿ߰ɡ

·ߵڴʱи˲һ´վ

㣬򡣡

ǽ۾ġ

ͣˣ뵽Ժܾĸֻ˵ڼҪúչ˵ɶ¾͸дţδҪַ

ţ۾ͷ

أϹ𣿡

һָǵ㡣

˳ŵָܵķȥͿվ·ߣϴС

񻪸߹ȥ͹˵ίҪ˵ز취ȥ㣬սڲӣԩ

СΣɶú˵Ҽ񻪲ˣզܶ֡

룬ϱ޼һػû˵ᶯˡ

˵ܺܵ㣬ȥ

ߵǰĸһɸӣһˣǳɶ

ڲ׼Լֻȥ򣬳˼ƱҪǮһš

СǸɲƱǰЩΪ˹ѧ˲ծȱǮ

ǳԷҲܳԱ·ϳԡĸģͷ

ĸŮһۣ˵ɶߣ˵ڡ

ţ޼˵ʱ䵽ˣҪˡ

񻪴ӿڴͳһţݸ

ɶĸõ־򿪡

۾˵Ϲڱ򿪣ͷдǵţҪޣһҾ߲ˣٿ

ĸָȷʵһֽǮˡ

һ֣ĸĸҪȥˡ

εһ죬񻪾ͱ޼˳;ҲûͣȳͿˡ

߽ĸŷ⣬ֻһ۾ͿʼĨˡ

ֻֽһ仰ͷҷŵٿǮ

Ĭĳ̣ĿԶ

ΨһĹŮ֪ʲôʱˡ



ûо˼ӣͻȻָҪ顣

ôˣܣ޼ɫ˲ˣɢϽĺ󱳡

ᣬγѽ

ֻ޼ɫһ䡣

ĶΣ𳵡˲ˣֱӿɷ

޼ʶĻﻳɣ񻪸òǽγռԼˣһ촽ˣֻţֻں棬庢Ƶһġ

·ƽһ·ȵߵվ񻪵θҲŲסˡ

ûԶ²һϢ˻𳵡

ллأ̣񻪲㼤§ɷڡ

ûˣһɾҪ˯Ϊ𳵿Ժ󻹻۵۵ʱ˯š

Ҫ೤ʱ䣬ȥģ˯֮ǰ񻪻óһ䡣

㶫ڶԽ񻪵Ļɣ޼˵̫࣬Ͼŵڶϵ

һ⻰һ⣬뵽˸Ҫ⡣




7.     Ǹ󷽵

ι˶飬һ۾żֲζ۵۵ֱǼ尾

ʮСʱԸ㶫

һӶγ˽

컹ǺڵģҲ֪ϻ賿

˻񣬽񻪴ӴԺҪˮ

һˮ˶ǣ޼Ҳ۾

ˣ

ţˣɳƣٺһˮ֮ſʼţҪԶ

ڣڣֻż͸Ĺ⣬յĳ

޼۾˰죬´ɸӣǵʱָͷ

̲ס˱Ȳ裬ְѴɩװİӵݸӹ

컹Ǻڵģ賿ϣҧһڰӣ̲סͷɥģҪϣɴҴˡ

ͷըëıӾ͸˦һ˦ŻǸС

޼ʶ˵޵ǾˣǸҴʲô

˵ڼ㣿

һֱ޼Ҳݸ賿㣬аСʱվ

ڰѰӳ꣬˳ֽӹһһڵҧţһɣҪǾͺãȥҪٸЩһ档

۾ʱʱŴĿɿӹľɫ

羰޼ڿĻɣӣܵ

ԸɵȻܶûкùӳԡ



һ۵۵̲ס˯ˡ

Ǳ޼ѵģѽվ

ʰ׼³ˡ޼Լ࣬϶Ҳɿ죬Ƚ񻪴·ʰ룬ҲѾʰ

˳񻪼ֱѪһʿٽҵ磬תͷʣȥģϵ

˯ȥ֮ǰ˵㶫ʶѾֱϴ׼

ֻγδҲ֡

żСʱһˣȥ޼ŶҪߡ

û񻪸סˣһ£ʲô

ļױˣȻȢŸԭ򣬵еһ٣޼һָǾǹ硣

Ҫ򡭡Ŀ䵽޼ϡ

էĶȥˣ޼Ųٶò¡

ţ߽ˣСΣҲˡ

˵ķ͵ر˴ϣһµĻͷѽ˸һ

Ǹʮҵˣɹеڣ㣬һʱЦſ޼

ٿ߻иŮˣӿ̫壬էһǸС

λãԥ˵

޼¶ȸܣҰˣ񻪡

˿žǳһ۾һ¡

ָˣ񻪽ܣҲǵϵľ٣ԶӪ

ɶӪС̫ҳ´СԶ޼ܾأ̲ס棬СβŻȥ죬Ǿֱӽˣô죿

ʱ񻪴Ӻ߳ϣƤѩףֺֻıҲǰһ

󷽷ЦţӴĴͳǣǣŰϲƣ´ǣմմϲ

ǵԶͣ񻪹ﻹмӣ˼ţǹҪƱ򵽵ĺǣʲôǰˮӲǣս˻ŵһζ

ףСһ𳤴ġֽһ䡣

˵ͨˡ

Զʣףô˵ҲǴģ

ԣҼǴġٴεͷ

죬ԶЦһ£˵һʼСΣ˵ǵط˽ܵ飬˸ģˡ

һʼϸƤģǳٿ˵˶󷽷ģҲ޼ˣиϱܹ˼ұů͵ģȹ¼ҹ˻Ӻá

˵˵ţ˶ͷķ򿴹ȥ

Ӫ׼ˡ޼˵

Զ,ϴɣСΣôˡ

޼ָŹ˵·ϲôҸ񻪻ȥ㶫

ôණ²ŰɣҸǴϵҲڳöԶ̹ӹ

ѩ̿񻪸ղŻòأڿɲܴһ

ֵԽԽϱӽڱ߽Ҳʶ١

˵ǱҪٳģһðȫá

޼Ҫܾ񻪳˳ӣЦе˵Ǿлл´磬˵˺óԵĸһݡ

ûԶı͸Żɡ

ôƯĴһǼｿûɹģĻ

˵Ǽ٣һӡʵʵĴ˻ԶھͼᶨľãС˸Ưޡ

ԶһЦǵŶȥˡ

˻վ޼ƺлҪ˵ǰ˵֪Ҫ˵Ҫ鷳ˡ

Ҫ˵û磬ڵûʲôѵİɣЦ̧ͷʡ

޼ǰߵģͻȻͣ˽Ų

ѵһ£ںĽֱײĺ󱳣ð⡣

ʱǸֽ𣿲ѱײˡ

զ˶磿ͻȻͣ¸ʲôűӣ˵

վԭأ޼Ŀſĸӣ죬ƺ񻪽ʲôĬˣû£߰ɡ

ӻ𣿡ʡ

һʻһ߰ѽ·ߣڲࡣ

˵ǿڹģ̾;òˣϻۣ´οɱͻȻͣˡ

ߣ룬磬ڵ϶Ҫ˼ҽദ˸˵ĸҲǴģӪǴһͷ͵Եĸɩӣϵܴ

˵ˣأ˼ô˼ҸԼҺӸۼҵһ𣿡

֪ľ˵޼ӣϽ񻪵ļ򣬡ãԺԼ

Ͷ񻪲ⱲȻǶǡ

һ·һ·翴ŲԶʵͦѾǵʱѾʼˡ

˹磬ģȫǴҼҪõĶʲôϣ´ӣˢ࣬ЩĺܽΣƱ

޼ǮһõˣһǮ٣ƱȴûмţҴ󲿷ֶǲôõĵģƱƱһûС

ɷ򣬽񻪿żɽ˵磬ȱɶɶ

޼һ£Żһ䣬ǵķ·ģûס

ϱһ˲ʮ֪꣬Ӳ⻰˼Ͼ˵ͽıڡ

ԤĲࡣ

֮ǰţһˣҪǼﶫȫž֣²˺֪æչ

˵ɶҲûУϵߵ̨˷Ʊ˵ƿŷѩ࣬ӣһӣĸˢࡣ

һôڰƴǴ˼ˣ˶ֲ֣֪ǵϾɩ

ûȹۻԱڣԱÿһ·Ƚˡ

Щɷ֣߳ţ˵͹ս˸ڵСӡ




8.     ʳָ˺촽꣡

һǰ棬һں档

޼һôණˢȫԼõġ

ҲͰˣ֮ǰסᣬëУԺ͵øһҲһûѵ˵ȫǺ˵ģ

мıӴûС

޼˵ڼͽıڣϱɶҲ򣬾ԼĶżôڡ

ԽԽƫԽԽ٣ǰ棬Ĵʲôˡ

޼֪ʲôȥģ

عͷʳָϺ촽˵꣬˵ˡ

ڸ߽ͷԼ

Ҫٻͷܷɷɫжѿˡ

˿ûвȻǰţ޼ȭͷҲĿΧ˳֣Ʒ

һʤ㲻󣬵ڵÿҹѵֲһܶԸ˵ġ

޼һһ룬񻪴ûط᲻˭ͷ˿϶һƷ͹ȥ

߹հ˹գӹսǸͬһ·һ·ţ˭֪һ䣬ǰľ޼ֱˣȴŴЦеĿɷ

磬֪𣿡

޼Ȼʶ۲ΣǻվһС·źӡ

ʱС·վŲˣŲ·ӣ˹ȫ׼·

ԣЩǶӣרŰǻ𳵸Ͷѵˣǻסڻϣһط͵ͼ򵱵ر˵ĶȻٵȥģģµ˾ǴƷģһץû˲˵˵ץȥ

ߣǲΰӵģҲһү˵

ǵү´ǣ޼һװš

޼˷鲻Ȥӵʡ

񻪣ô֪еүģ

û㶫ôҹġ

һ⻰ﰵɷľ裬Դл˵أ㲻֪ҲУطң總һҾܿʡҲУɶе

ʵǺŪˣ¶ǽϱڱ߽ʱһġ

޼굱˽

񻪶Ķˣ˵޼ǿܣüëţжȥ򣬱򡣡

Ȼɷ򣬵¶񻪲ģ޼֣һ䣬磬ӸշʲôûУҪ򲼣裬ƷưһŶҪ򣬻кӵ·ҲҪЩȥ򣬿ҪܶƱģ𣿡

ԭӦеģЩڸ񻪽֮ǰ޼㣬ϾӶǽڴ

޼˵ʣвأɸΪ֮ܲܰԼǳԡ

Աߵĵү͵һھһ䡰ɸΪ֮ͷ

Թԣ˶Ļ

ٿƷľ˻һࡣ

иʳȥ򡣡

ǲ˿ȥҸղ˵ЩҪ򡣡ֿʼˣƤҪǲãҾͲˡ

Ȣһĥ˵С޼Ʒ֮ǰĲ²⡣

˭˵񻪸ɲ˼ûܾܾ

ĵһη磬ˣƤգӮˣϲϲ޼ǰ

ʸղŴĵү磬ʲô

£ӣǰ죬ȥϵĲƿ

ǮϡĶȥ

үܿˣǺۣǮһѣ̶ϸۣһǮһѡ

ô٣ҪһǮ񻪺ܲķ¡

ӣԼķۣɶط̶ģϡѵмѡүһڰƴš

ѣһѺ𣿡

УԵ֣װģүñͨ죬ڿҲֱţɿˡ

ɷİøֽɡЦе˵

޼վԱߣүģȻ˰һѷﶼÿ͸ˡ

ǰߡ

ץʱ䣬һСʱҪǰʮӵһֱ޼һ䡣

Ȼʱ䲻࣬Ͳˣ˵һүʲôһȻǰţĿԵȥʡ

һСʱ˺ü鲼·ģҲжģһƥȷǣд˺ӵЬ˼˫

⣬ư趼ûΪ޼˵е

ý񻪾ϲǣȻҵӵġ

ϱӣϵ޼ֻ˵ֺϺ㣬ζˡ

񻪲²ΪûĥôʣռķȻζѬˣڡ

ֻҪд񻪾а취ϳԺʡ

жٴŴСͷߣ񻪷˷Ǯͦģ磬㹤ʶ٣ȻôǮ

Ǯ͹ʣ޼ûϾûȷ񻪱߷֮ǰȷȷʵʵǱ磬ˡ

¹ʰʮʱ仹ǣͲӻᷢĿǰϻٵĴ޼Լࡣ

ɵĹΣգҲûԹʺܸߡ

 磬ڵϸôߣǮ²ʡ

ϱ޼ֻ˵ԼڿվĳۣϸĲ϶˵񻪿ɺˡ

⣬޼Ҳ룬ڴ֪ʣ

ζĿ˽һۣ׳նԱʲô뷨




9.  ϵ   Ƕܲ

ûʲô뷨֣ţ˱ôĸо

̲סðۣĺ

أû˲ϲ˿䣬޼Ҳ˼Ц⡣

ǵ⡣ü

⣿

۹ã˰һôõɷ򡣡

ȿԼֿɷ޼˵鸴ӣ룬Ҫı˲߷Ҿûôˡ

߼ÿأϵϽϴ

ӿŲ̤˻ص·

ͬʱԶ֮ǰһ˴Ѿ˵һ·߻ؼңžͿԼӷڸڼҳһ֯ë¡

廹ðɣͷһ䡣

 ͦã߶㣬Ҳ߶ӡԶѾڻ·ջһ䡣

һű߻һűߵɶôôණ

ۼҵģСκ˵ģǻҪòˣҾ͸ˡԶһڲ裬˵

ĸСΣۼҸסСΣһɩһۣ˵

ԶЦãϳǸڣһ˭СΣ

˼СνˣỹڱŶ֯ëأûŵðëӡ

˵ͷԶ˵ɲȥһ˾Ͱѻˣ϶ϵˡ

˵ǴСһ𳤴ףһģҿǶʮͷȻᣬǺܻˣͷ˵ǵȥҪҪæʲôġ

˵ߣһȥǵȥæ

ߵĿӰŸһɩҳεĻѾ޼ϱ֮ǰС࿴̫İɣܾʣõģ˼һ޹ҪӵĺҲֱҡͷҲ֪Ȣ˸ɶĹ

Ҳ˵ϳ²˵𣬴ףʮͷˡ

˹⿴ӲӣҾ벻ͨôᣬզԸ޹˵ģǽһ֡

ѿ¡ڵϵĶӣͻȻðһ䡣

һ룬ᰮİƾͺˣ˭˵ģڼҴţȥȥ׼Ϻߡ

СкһϽѾܳȥˡ

һۣɩղ룬ϱΪĲУԸ޹İɣ

Сκ˵˵ҲǺմѧҵģﳤܸһȥһ˵ɻһ˵զ̸һȥ̾˿

ͷֺɻ󣬡ҪͶ𣬻ͷǿȥڷûס϶Ҫʰȥ֡

˵ţղŻϲܳȥĺӣֿɥܻˣһֱ۾۵Ŀš

զ˹죬ɶϽϵĻȥӡ

¹һһ߿ޣѸ첲迴޷޲ƽ˵ִˣֶˣ裬ȥҴء

һںСϴһۣеˣʱΡ

費˵ˣˣͶ㣬֪ˣ˼Ҹǰգ˵ɶãܲȥӰɣֻһ߸ţһָԴ˵

һۣɩﶼκ͵ǡ



񻪻֪Լ˻ûϵѾڼɩ˸ûĻ羰ء

˴޼һţˮδ߻¡

˭֪ȣڼװϲ£˵Ҫ

⺣ȷʵˮһߣ̲꣬ͶˮϣԣϸĽӡ

аСʱԶԶľͿһ촣ڵϣԱ߻кüСΧš

磬Ǿסĵ𣿡ָţͷɷ

޼߹һ𿴣ͷԡ

ǰҲˣ͵ø̸̸飬Ǹʲôӣװ޹мҾûһ𣿡

װ޹μҾ߶С޼˿ֱûմڼȥҪ㱨

ҽӦûڰߵţġ

񻪾ʶҪʣ˺ദ𣿡

ϱӼ̫ϲֵܼܵµĴý㣬ԼܵѪԵϵɶëƤС¶Ҫһ֣ŵ˵Ƕһš

ɱȥˣиŵš

ð죬޼˵ƢãҪì㲻Ҫܣһ˵

һӾΪʲô

òҪƫ̻ɣĻ񻪾ԼҪޱɻˡ

򲻹Ҫί޼ɴ˵

һֱЦˣİɣҲܵġ

ȻܴӦæ˵ĺӣ˵˲ܾϻ㣬ֵøܡ

صһ죬Ϳʼˡ

һԶԶľͿվźüˣһκ÷һͷĶ̷Ƥе㷢ơ

ݽ֪ģʵĲ޼ʮ壬κ÷ӦҲͶʮңĲȴֹʮˡ

ͷең紵öϣƣɫеȷʵƢá

֮ǰ޼˵ԼӣټµĺΧ֨ҽУһӦǾ͹ܵˣκ÷ƢܺòŹ֡

ͣһϰκ÷͹ˣǣŸСŮȱ߻кһ

󣬺ִкӶúںںģһֻǰɫ񻪻ֲͷĸ޼

κ÷߽޼˵ҽ㣬κ÷Ӧü

СʱΣʱֻǵǸúƯĸ߸ӽ㣬ͽȥˡ

ϱҲһΣѾϵĲӣҽìܣֻзڵʱŴ绰

ٿκ÷޼˵㣬񻪡

κ÷´Ž񻪣ɫЩӡ

Ϊɫ̫ԣ񻪻ţǲΪܵܽû֪ͨԼκ÷ˣ

÷㣬ǰż˭Ҳû֪ͨԶˣҸﶼ㣬ţմմϲӿڴץһǣֱκ÷ˣⷬ˵ƯƯ޿ޡ

޼ûʲô飬Ƥȴһ¡

ʲôʱˣǿϰʱģ

ʱ̨ܲ޼Ҳ˵㣬ԸҸ񻪽顣

ȥ÷¿һ£ҪޣҪƢܿǽ˹ȥ߼ӵ

СӰરવģȫ۾ȥˡ

һͷκ÷ɤӺǣ

˳÷ȥ񻪾ͿһݰͰ͵СкվԭأͷҲصԽԽԶһ·ܻԶԶĴǡ

Ƕݣܺڡ

ܲ




10.  ؼ   еͶٶ⧲

ֺκ÷Ҳֹˣת񻪽ͣʲô᲻Լ£һĻҪȥ̧Σ

ʽĽͣҪ֪Ǹûĵģ񻪻Ϊ˵ء

κ÷´³¯ĵϱֱӿˣ񻪣鲻ǹҼңôᣬҳ˵ǰ棬ǳܴҵУܸӶ֣УϾôһĶֵأ͵ס𣿡

㡣޼һֱ廰˵̫죬ѹû˵

˵䣬˭֪κ÷ֱ˵㲻Լ˵ںڻü

˿Χ˼ܵĺûˣ񻪾Ϳˣֱ˵ɣΪ˸Ҳڰƴ壬˵ӲָҾˣ⵺ֻҪһֱ֣Ҷߡ

Уң񻪣ʡʦѧ68ѧҲ˵У׼̸ϴҲɫζȫ㻹ɶҪʵģһʡ

󷽷лֱ˵Ը񷴶κ÷ɫÿ˲٣ǽϱ

޼˿ƢղŻ浣ͻȻƢѽ񻪸ߡ

Ҫİ˸ߣˡ

㣬۸񻪡޼һ˵

֪ˣֲˡκ÷û˵ֹｪŸղĴѩ֮ĶûɶҪˣУҸϺӡ

˵ţͷֺܴٲҴƨɣ

˵ףʵһָͷû

֪Ϊɶؽرκ÷ģҿȻһһҵģǣһڵСкߡ

ͷκ÷ȰСŮ͵ϣǰ࣬ס

СŮûкƤ࣬ҲһݰͰ͵ģǶԸرС

κ÷ǰߣͱ⣬ί̧ͷۿŽ𶹶Ҫµˡ

أҲͬʱ۲Ű

˶˵СѾͷСʱͷرϡݻƵģԽлëѾͷǸëѾͷ

ͷһһĻͷ񻪻һ

Ϊϱ˵Сʱ֪ñ˴ȾһͷʭӣΪʭѪͷҪץͷһһỊ̇޼ˣȥģͷ˰ͺһ顣

Ϊˣϵ֮ǰصڹ˸ʭӵӣ˭ֻ֪һͷ̶̵Сë

裬Ǵ̡κ÷Ѱţﻹ˵

ʵ̫С۰Ͱ͵Ŀκ÷ҿˡ

κ÷Ҳˣ۾Ž񻪺޼˼ǣ˵úӣú׽ǰɡ

޼룬˵ǲң֮ǰҰġ

ͷһۣӦϵ޼Ȼͷκ÷ƨƨ¶档

СѾͷſɿأƨһ̣ʱƨġ

˶磬ǰϻץһŴǣ⣬ǳԣ㿴

ֽ̰ɫǿյϣš

ѽ̾

ŵһŨζСѾͷ͸ᵽ˹ͷСһһţһƨƨߵĸˡ

˳һڻ

û˵͵ؾѹһҪκ÷ܡ

ۼֿ죬һţԵ̫ҭźһֻβûɿһŬһŬģʼǣҲ͹ԹԵĴ軳ˡ

ϴ϶أתͷʡ

ˡκ÷һۣһӡ

Ϊ׵Ľһ۾ϳǽʱһ衣

޼Ϊ϶Ҫ˵仰ӦҪЩ͸˵Ժһ

û߶ûһֱŤͷһĮȻƢͷø߸ߵͷһǴ̶ͷ
⸸ϵϱӲ࣬ģ޼֮ǧ֮ˣ˵żã͸ɷ

еˣ޼ֻܶԽ˵ҳȥִʱ̫Ƕʶˡ

ԭ򣬱СȷʵǼǲˣԼǵãǼǺޡ

ܲһŰɣЦΧԣʶûϵԺദʱ䳤˾Ϥˡ

ǽƽأתƻ⣬ĿСмҿ

СӣǸѺںСţһĶŽ񻪣źûûεӡ

ұߵĺСӸִһЩղŽͳȥǱˣỹϵҪȥ

ΪԺƽҲôִŵԸ񣬽ʶǣұߺӵ֡

Ҽҽģƽǡκ÷˵

֪Լϴ˺ӣóһǵݸƽ𣬴ǡ

û뵽СʱƽȻǸСԻһǣƨƨ߾͹ˣеͶٶȿģ綼⧲

һǵݵǰرйֱӾ߿ˡ

޼Ա߿˰죬а취ԸӣͿ˿ֱ񻪣ҪȥˣϻϲܻҪ鷳ڼҴżӡ

˵Ҫߣ񻪸סˣȵȣ֮ǰ˵ǻд𣬶ҰɣԺǮܡ

޼Ҳܸɴ࣬ͳݸһ䣬Ҫʲô

ư裬߲˺ⶼҪǮġ񻪵ɴ۾ҵңǮҹ𣿡

ܣԺ˽㡣޼ĸʱ䣬֮ǰˣ̾ͶǮк͸Ͻȥˡ

ɣҴȥӡκ÷̲˵

ʵղһҲϷκ÷뿴κ÷ķӦ뿴ǲǸ¶ˡ

ҪǸµĴý㣬ӦѾʼѵˣӦǮҪеǮ

һԣ֤зִġ

ͦãദ

һ·ߣκ÷һ·ڽţϾֻһͷƽʱ˳ĴֻĴ

ڻܲ㣬˵жǹҵģ޶ë𣿡ʶһ䡣

仰ӡأƴиɽֻھӸٱˣץ͸˼ŷŻ

⻰κ÷Ųһ٣ָŽ˵ط󣬳˲ӻ˼ұĴӣִ󣬶ɳũˣȥ㣬Ҷö

˵ˣǸϽ㣬԰κ÷Ȼ͸˶԰ҧгݵġ

ǰߣָһƤĴֿ˵ǸʳԺÿⶼж

ɶˣ񻪵һʱʣҪģͷҶʣо仰˵úãԲ㲻ҺǻҪѧԺҲԼĺӣϱӵź

κ÷Ҳ˵ʣһС֮ģżӣУˣǱ˶ˡҪ򼦣ַ֮ʳǻʳ

ƽʱϽӻ֣Щʾ˵ڵػʳԣʣµĺʳǮãǾҲܳԵ˺ʣ߲Ҳˣ󡣡

ʮӣκ÷ָϱ˵ǵطǾû¶ܣҲȥǣҲפ֮Ǳܡ

ͷѾ˿Сʱˣ̫Ҳɹÿͣ˵ǾǱʲô챦ؽ񻪶ÿһۡ

㣬Ҳܣ͸ҷӻжԶ񻪲ź˵

ˣһ͵κ÷Լ˵

ԶŵͺܴҲû뵽ô˿ʮӣڿһƬ

ˢѩ׵ƽռͦ󣬴иļ䣬ſڻΧһ㰫ǽ񻪲²Ϊ赲ɳ

κ÷棬ڵһǰ

ƿһȻǼͽıڣ϶ǻҲ˵»һɳǽϻ֩ǽеĵطʼù

·ӣ꣬Ϊûסʰʰˡκ÷Ƚȥ߿ţ¶ȫò

޼˵Ĳ࣬ҾʲôȫģӣиСľٽңСһǸľи¹

ҵĴ棬һשǽǸʽ

ܵ˵ңеĶȫġ

˳˸ɨѣκ÷Ŀʼɨˣˢˢ£ͰСɨ˳ʢŵ˳ȥٻɨҡ

ܲܽͷʡ

ڸƽأ⺢ӱеУ˻Ҵĵطһֱڴ硣

ܣȥɣϾæ

и߲ȣ񻪲Ұţ⺢ǿʲôץųԵʱһץ֩ġ

ԽֻܰСæ˵ôԺˮѹһˮ

ѹأſ˵

Сεϱ𣿡

ǸŮˣ񻪲²Ǹڵľɩ˵ǣûأɡ

֨ѽһžͱƿˣ߽ŮˣһӰģϻ

һϳǽгԶæϵİ̧ͷЦǳӪҵɩӰɣҽн񻪡

ҷСʶ˵г㣬ǸڵĹӪ
ȿ񻪣˾סˡ

Сϱզ£һ㲻ǴģĽΣЦü䣬ϴһ¾װʽ·ĺϸ⻹гѿ

ϣҳƯСϱˡ

ɩӣɩӣﻹûɨǼ¡˦˦ϵˮ顣

ٿ̸£һҲӺ

֮ǰ²СϱûĻʵžž죬εĿð̡

һۣӱ˴˵۾￴Ρ

ɩӣôˣ񻪲²֮ǰƶԼӡôãһ䡣

ûʲôҪˮԲҸ򡣡°ȥˮȥ

СңҴɨء°һָ̧˵

ҲæˣźӲøɻҲһ𣬲ȻһŪҪŪһ졣

񻪱Űȥкܳȥˣκ÷˵߶פûȥҡ

һȥ񻪾Ϳ㲻Ծ

˶ڴɨС䣬ȴкû򣬶Ҳ˵

κ÷ɩĹϵ̫ãǲ֪ǲڵԵ̫Եʡ

κ÷ĬɨСңȥɨңͳСҲϴľʹ

һ񻪽ͻعͷ˵СҿоɱֽⴰúҪñֽҪҽѴճȻǸ紵úģѹû˯

ɱֽУӦûС˵

Ҽһʣ˵㣬ͷù˾仰

ǾллɩˣʰˣһԶٷЦ˵

⻰ͳ㶼Цҡͷǲãͷ˭ӶùҲһ

ԶķӦһǶ񻪻ָͷأ̨ӣѧðѳŪüɹһʱ䡣

һɣʰͿϺܶ࣬СʱĻҳѾɨɾˣ뿴ˡ

̴챻ףһ󹤳̡

ҵ죬óȥĴĴɹɹ̫Ϸ챻ףҲǼ˻죬ϤĹ

񻪴̽ͷκ÷˵㣬Ҫһ챻𣿡

죬ؼκ÷˼ͣư費һҸ͹ˡ

ȻͷҲص뿪СԺ




11.  Ӵ   ˲ǸƲ簡

κ÷ȥձӡ

ղŴӹҳ׺޻̥ϧû÷һѵĻңȥɹһ̫˴һ£ѻҳȫʹĴ

ױһĵ棬ĵоһ˱ϾͿ˯ˡ

ű·ÿǰ滹һҬ˿񻪾͸ıˡ

Сڸɶ

ͳڴŽ񻪷챻أ˰첻ˣһ񻪱һ˿ھѹˮϴ

˲˵ϴ˿

֪ϴϴʲôҲˣⶫǼģһˣܺá

׼ϴɾ޻档񻪽һ䣬ǽϲǶùƤҹͦʪ˿õҲˮ޻͵㣬Ҳ׷

ģ

ƭɶϼҶõݵţûС

ʵиԭΪϱӽ񻪻棬֪ⶫá

㶣˵һȥҲԣ㲻֪һʱ򣬺޲˶ù

취ܲãСϱȻо˶һ

ǷᣬŽǹֱҪˡ

ϴ˿챻ףᴩߣ̲סҪһ䣬СʣôƯôᣬզԸ޹ӵģ

Ҹףǰûû䣬ġ񻪲˵̫࣬ͳ˸ѣʵҲ˶١

ôڣС֮ǰ˸ܶءʶģһ컰ðˡ

ܿͷԼ˵һϽ˵ûгɣģСŮϵû˵

񻪵ΪԼʮţһʣ֮ǰܶ˸Ҷܶ𣿡

ǵûУ쵼ҵļɩҪСνܶ󣬻Ǹڵĳ´裬ŮܹǶûۡ̾˿ϾӣöﲻԸ⡣

ҲЦתƻ⣬Ҫ˵֮ܶǰС߽ܵ˲ŶأСûЦ˼С߳˧ƢֺãĹܴӵһȦ

һֱ˵ԼϲŮ⣬ЩҲû֣һֱ顣

ڽ޼Ѿ˧Ȼ˱ܻӭ¸ˣС˭ҲǵϵľˣǸҶһɻ𣿡

仰ˣɫһӾͱò̫ȻǣǸͨˣǻǲˡ

Сߡ

߶һ֣ĪģȻе졣

˵أִƹƹҵȥһ־ϲ

㣬ôôࣿ

κ÷һѵĶ߽ͷڿйư裬ȻһףһͰͣЩͲûǮȥˡ

κ÷˰Ѻɫģ࣬߶õģ׺ǰĶõˣԺԼȻؼ

˵תˣȥһ硣

Ů˷ҲرĿ죬ɩӰԼһľͰ׸ˡ

˿Ҳɹò࣬ڴϣϱӣϾ˯ðȾ

κ÷ҪȥҲˢˣкܶͭ⣬ˢʹˢ

Źӷѣ˻𳵵һȷûϣҪ׷ˣ˵ӣȶûˡ

ʱ˵ˣҼзҪûԡ

ҼвˣͷӦһ١Ҳϵ˵

ֳɵķԣ˭ŶȥģЦ˵ãллɩӡ

̻ؼңûһѾȹĶͷðأùһɡ

ҲӴİҵ˼زһ˷һ㡣

᲻ҪҲռ˼ұˣȰأһҲæţֱ˵̫ˣǾɩæɶġ

һʱͷȹʱ֣ʱиӿ޵ñȴ϶ڸ¸½еʱҪ

ˣҶӰɡϽܳȥ

ܳȥû೤ʱ䣬̾ͽпˣСˣϽ

һɤӺ񻪾֪ǽƽˡ

ϽܣͷʱͿվſڣһ׿ĵط۾

զˣ񻪸Ͻʡ

ǹŽ񻪾ҪǱߣ߻˵СӶǣҹƽָ˴ˣǵ˵û

ûȥҪ˵ûǸʲô

ӵʣڷ棬һֱߵĵط

ǲŷֿǸСӣкӶɹںڵ£Ȼװ׾е֣ʱˤڵϣţд˹޵øίˡ

ԱһĺӶ˵ƽֵվԱߣģƽһֱڴ硣

һͻᱻľһƨɡ

磡磡

⺢Ӳ㱻Լɳȥ

أңңСָŽ޵ǽһ˻ߡ

Ųһԡ

ϱֵûڼҰæʰ˵ˣǴ²ˡ

һʱ͸˸µĻӡ

ǰСӱٸϵĻң˭֪Сڵϣһŵŵϡ

ҲҪ㣬˵ˣǶĺ裬ҲǸˣޣҪ㣡Сһ߿һߺ

ῴֿ񻪣׼Ȱ䡣

ԶԶģͿһһ߽ţȸֶƵģٵţ߳ˡ

˭ҴҼҴ󱦣òͷǰɣ

ǼƣֹģҪѺӸˡ

Ƴһۣʣ˭

󱦵̣´衣ᳯŻڵϱ߿޻ߴĺŬŬ죬ǵֲ˺á

⻰ô˵ų´軹û񻪾˼ˣ׷һ䡣

˵ĺޣǴ˵˻˵Զ̴ӮִܸˣǸ߸š

˼´ǸѲø

ˣóľǶԸø

ϱǰΰҲǸԶø̫̫֮ǰ̱ٻͽ˴ΣһŮû˰ŽãֵøھӶͶߡ

˸취ԸûҲŶӽԺ̫̫񻪶βƵߣҲû¶档

˵ڣø´һ·ܹſھһ䣬һ¾㣬ûûƤ֪ܵĳСӣ

һת´迴վԱߵĽ񻪣϶ʱЦıȾջҪãСȢϱɣϿ濡Σһõġ

һӱ̫̫ǸƲ簡




12.  Ƿ   ǰίˡ

һ뻹ˣһҪЦˣҲ֪ⲻһġ

仰˵Ǹӡ

ʱֿ̫̫ˣЦ˵㿴ͲʮɣôƯɣ޼Ҫӣ˵Ҳǿϧˡ

Ҫ֮ǰ϶ҪȴԷƮƮȻȻָʹŸɻ¡

´ھǱ뷨

һתһҶΪãҵ׼ûӣͿʼָˣҪ˵һһһһ׸㻹ߣСڹӲǸ̹

ɶΪãǹˡ

ǿСһ˹ڵؼ޹ָֻţأʱҪһѡ

ͳ㱾ǲ£վԱû˵ڵ˵ˡ

´裬⻰ɲԣСģ˵˼ҰְֻСεˣզһСѺߣ

ͬʱỹȥ񻪵ɫһ˵Ҫɵͺߡ

ǣȷʵô϶˵Ĵ̶ͷƽʱʹӣƽûûΣһͣСҲ벻ˡ

Ҫǽһʱ嶯Ѻߣϵ쵼Ӵ˾͸öˣҲûôףʱ򲻽û취ɵĹӣҪ쵼ǰһ

զΪ˹Сӣ˵ĺӶҪûǵĵ˻Ż

ⲻҲΪã˰꣬ļҵĺûҹ첻ۿޡ´д˵⺢Ӵһ֣˵ԺҪ͵ˣǸҪ״žǸ

˵ֻȥ񻪣ԸСϱԻӣԼ鷳

һӣһڣͲѷŵôĳˡ

ð裬Ҳ˵ĶԡЦ˵

ЦҲᡣ

´ֿˣţǣզƭ㡣

һɣҲŵͷǾ鷳һȥһ쵼

ɶ쵼ˣ´ֲˣСӴܣò쵼

ĸ쵼¶˭˵쵼Ѻ¡񻪱ƽһЦĸˣղզ˵ģʱզ쵼˵ΪҺã챿˵϶ԸңԲԣ

Ƿͳ㶼̲סЦˡ

̧ͷһѣС˵ģǸģҪǣڰǶԸ´أſ\"

С¶һ˿ãȻ

󻰶˵ҪӣҲ±ӣ쵼һ֪ߥ޵ġ

´̽ˣЦҲŲȥҪȥԼȥɶ¶

ֲݲӣǳ´ݲºӣȻȥ˵񻪻Цš

´ɲСɶҲСˣɫ࣬һ˦֣Ҹû˵ʶô

˵͵£þգ´費ɣҪ˭ǾǺӣӻ

´תԼҴ󱦸ָϵĻңһŤͷȻһָͷʹڻƽˡ

ֵܾ⵺ϵĻɶ¶ɾ֪۸ҼҴ󱦣ҿԺ󻹸Ҳˣ

ƽڴ磬һָͷȥˤ˸ͷ˵Ӷͷ̾״˿ڣѪ˲ð˳

һܵ۸ˣܹȥų´֣һҧŲɿˡ

۵Ӵ´豾ɫ࣬ѾķˣɶҧҸɶ

˵ţһ֣Ȼٴ򽨰һơ

´ϲ𳤳ָףָﻹϴ࣬һȥøָ׻ƣ˵Ҫ˷硣

ڰƿ䵽ϵʱһ˫ִԱߺľų´ˡ

裬Ҽҵĺӣƾɶ򣿡Цݣһ˫۾ų´һ䡣

ҪҴҼҺӣҾʹ㣬С£ӵĵҼҶҶҲҶ֡˵

ιˣûҼҴ˸ƨɶնҴզˣ´໵һɤӾͽпˡ

ԺҾ¶ҽɶģ

£ѵͲ£˭ѹ˭˭ɤӶߡ

±⵺øģ˵ǸɣһǴ޵֣ȻСˣǽһӾͲ񻪸ˡ

ͻȻƽһɤӿˣСϹ飬ֵܵǰָű˵

һҸˮϴһϴͲˡ񻪸Ͻƽ

ӿˣҲˣ´һ߾Ҫߡ

ȵȣҶͷϴһѪ

㻹զ´ת

ΪɶܶûŪƾɶˣҪڲզ£Ҽҽһ˵񻪲ĵ˵¶ôˣͷøˮߣ

Ҫɶ˵ҸղŹʱͿҼҴˣ´費ʾֱ׳ĺһ䡣

զҴ󱦸ɶһԼ˵ⲻ˵ĻҪʶµԣų´費ߡ

¶ΪɶҪָס

ΪͻȻ֣ﲻܷɶ¶ֻҪнʺһǿ۵ͷϣûûû˰æ

һĴǰί

ԭզ񻪿Բܣ֪Ӷ޼ҪǾͱܡ

ͳҲʶԼý񻪵ǸʵƫܣϽȰ˵´裬¶˵˺ã˭ҵķ˭Ժ󻹵ദ

ǵ˼ҼҴ󱦻дҼҺӹء´費ˣŭ˵Ͳ飡

鲻УҪǽĴø˵

´ֵĴӦҪǣҾȥ

񻪰һۣ˿Ա߼ӡ

˭֪࣬⼸ˣڿ˳ܣȫŵĸСƵģŲ˵

룬񻪻ؼһѴǣڳĺһһţЦеʣ߽㣬ղŵ˭ȴ˭İ

Ұǣû˸˵

ȴҵܵġͷͻȻڡ

ƨôСӻѧᳶˣ´һ̧Ȼˡ

ʱиСŮͻȻӵ̧ԴǴȴ˵ģƽɳӣһѡ

ȫͷСƵĸӦԣǶˣ

ƽɳӣ

ƽһֱڿٱӴ硣

üһ˵ץһҰ

ƽУеණҪ飬ߴ󱦻רɳӣ˵»ǹء

Ϲɶ˵ģ




13.     Ҫ֣Ҳֵ

ߴƽɳӣܵ۸͹һѣôˡ

СˣˢˢĶų´裬뿴˵ɶ

ôຢӶ֤ˣ´죬ڷֱˣҼҴ󱦲꣬ôСӶɶ϶ǹġ

ӴҼƽ꣬꣬Ϊɶ˾ǹģ˵ˡ񻪹Цţȥ´裬ҿݲ⼸ӣ͸ȥһ쵼칫ң˵ˣʡԺ

˵ɶ˵ɶ˵ģҲȥŻؼˡ´ϽѿҲɡ

ĴţоҪʱʹȥĿڣŸߴ󱦾ߣ߻죬С͸ˣԺ״Ρ

ܺӰɣɱȽȥˣŤͷͺ

ʯһ´ûˤʺͷûһأڵĻؼ񻪣ֺȥˡ

ԶԶҴŴ򿪣ɩͷԼӣ񻪿ż˵ҶϽؼҳԷȥɣû趼ںˡ

СӣζŸղŵĴζĴľˡ

ٿƽֵ˵ҲؼҳԷ

صңƽ˲ϱһ˫۾ֱҪڽϡ

⺢Ӳ㱻ԼĿˮǺˣ촽Լ

ѾвˣϣҸóԵĺòã˵Ҵˮϴϴӡ

һвˣƽҲûҪԼԹԵĵͷ

һˮϴӴϴϴ֣ˮ˺ˮſһã׼ˡ

統ȻǳԸͷ㣬ûϴ׼Ըһٵġ

ҧһڶͷһ㣬񻪾;еɣͷɵɤӣҲе̫ˣﻹûˮôÿʳɶ

ٿӣͺ̷˯ˣȥһھ͵һ²ӣԵֱüƽǿãڴڵĳš

룬񻪴ӴİҳһͷƿװĽΪ䣬ƿһѾˡ

ȥ˳Ĺͷ˵ˮȻÿһܣﵹ˵㽴Ϳʼͷˡ

ףɶƽζˣŹζ˵㣡

ǾͷԵĽ㳢Це˵

⽴ǽģͰѸը̳ٷŶȥһ ɫܲɺͻƶξѾܺóˣܲͻƶıĵģͷ̽ȥ

ûбĲˣƿܳ

һƿζˣһԽƮԽԶڶż

ⲻؼҳԷĳԶ˼žڵţ˭óԵģô㣿

˭֪أû˭ҸⰡ˵ţһѹ죬úóԷܡ

¹ܵǽվһᣬͷ˵ǶóԵġ

ԶҲͷСհɣζž㡣

ֻġ᲻ΪȻ˵ڹӻû֧أԵҸȥͷ㣬ˣϽԡ

ˣ֪ղСɶ´賳ˡ

⻰óԶȤҲһɣһСզ´賳ܣ

զᣬۿġҺӴܣ´Ҫ򽨰Сģû

ѽŰԳԷ·

Ǻ´Ӯ˰ɣ

ĶС˲˵ֱ˵´迴ӣҪȥ쵼һЦ˵

Զͷ̾С壬ӱɶǿȥ쵼Ҳվߵġ

ҶСθˣͻƯ

û˵꣬һ̣ˣզˣͻ£ҲҸƯϱǲ

զһ仰˵ͷ˭㻹֪ԶϽϱ˳

ҷ˵ţڽѾ˷ͷϣ͸ϴϴϴ˯һͨ

ԼȰѹϵͭˢˣҲʰɾϴҲʼ˯

һʰʰ̫ɽ񻪾ͰѼӽлһȥʳһ䣬ʳģüٸԼһ·

ٳ֮ǰ񻪻ţκ÷˵绹զˣӰӶû

֪кóԵģƽһ·˵ѽĴﻹڳأͲ˨ӷˡ

Ͳһˣͷɥһ·һ·Сʯͷ߹ĵطɨĵػɾ

⺢Ĳɵģǿ쵽ʳʱһ߿գԼˤͷ

զˣɶһסһ䡣

˦̧֣ͷһۣǰߡ

ýر

զ˵أͺһֻ֪ԼСǽһʧ

ϱŰֱӾͰֵܸץסˣʽ˵˵ôСĺɶġ

ͷһƲ۾һգֱӾͲ˵ˡ

ƽ۰Ͱ͵ģһ˵ֲ˵ӣֱŵСײˡ

ʣڴƽ˳

ǰܣǲٰˣ͸֮ǰһƽҲί˵

裬ǰ軵ֲ˵

üëŸչŸոտʼ֣һ仰ˡ

϶Ѿ֪Ǵܵˡ񻪿϶˵ԱߵԷ˵Ǵܣ϶Ҫ

ô죿ƽˣץŽ񻪵ʡ

һ裬Ҿ͸˵˭Ҳ׼ߣòѽ񻪽Цţ˵

ƽûûεģſھ˵ð裬һҪǵ˵Ŷ

Ժùɶ

ְ֡

ͶˣԺҾ裬ôԼĺءЦе§˵

һתۣ񻪲㱻ϵıЦˡ

һ𾪣һĻŵܵܰ죬Ŀɿڴðĸֶ

˵⺢ӰȾܣƽں׷ȵȣ˵ɶΪɶˣ

Ϊɶ⺢Ӿôʹ޼ǽһ档

ԽԽԶһ·֪ͣһᣬһ·Žȥ˸ʳǲ˵Լ޼զˡ

ۿڣûʱˣøϽˡ

˸ʳŸζϵĵطͣ£ۻԱ˵СȢϱɣ

զ֪ģ񻪾ˡ

ӸǰŹãۻԱǾɩһһģϵʱǾ֪ˡۻԱЦ˵ˣɶ

˷ϵƱݣ˵ãҳƶǰɡ

ǿԳˮʱҲܷŵʣ⣬Ҫֻ߲ˣⶼҪԵĶ

ĶҪȥʱְסˣղСմ߹ȥҿɫզãҪҪȥ

ĸȥˣ񻪲ʡ

Ǳߣͷһָָ˸

񻪱ź׷ȥÿиҪ䣬һκ÷˭

ǰһ㣬ȵȡ

κ÷ͷûһߵԽԽˡ

ԶԶľͿɫƣϻһҩƬƵĶ׷㣬ôˣ𣿡

ûУҵ¡κ÷Ұû˵ûհæˣԼʰ

Ѿʰˡ

仰û˵꣬κ÷ѾŲɿˡ

֣һͷˮ

صǣʣ㣬֪֪Ҵզ

֪ƽʱ˶ǸǮߡһ֪

µûκ÷ڵϵԵĺܲһ˭ܷӣϸ˶˵ġ

ѲɾûһѣȻһڵϴӶడʡ

ҵһżȥʦһҲֻһᣬ̸һᣬһ

⵺ϻѧУ

ʦѧУ񻪿ɺˡ

㱾ĵģʱ䣬ҶˣȻæûʱˡ

ҲֻգýŰǣƽŻڹֱеĴ󹫼Ͻˡ

ҵʱòڣ˵ƣÿʼ

ȱ۾Ѵ󹫼ɱˣССģֱڹȥ

Ϻöڱк磬Ǽؼɵ˽ӣʣµĿԼԡ

ЩĶԲ꣬ιιô󹫼Ƥһļ͡

񻪰ѼͰ˳ӣʢųˡ

¹ɽɫٷϳȥΪкӣûҷζĵܳԡ

ûҶŵϣζǰѺǸˡ

ƽֻȫͣĸֻСһ˳ͺ裡óԵɶʱܳԷҿ

Էϴ֣ôĺҿɲԡ񻪷Źļ˵

ƽϽȥˮѸСϴĸɸɾ

أ

һˮСϴɾſˮʣأܳ𣿡

ûأԼҸӡ

룡

üһ񻪵ĶĤˡ

˵ɾ͸ɣһˮżɢ˽ȥˮٴηڣһѰǡ

żӷ֣һĵ費Ϳһˡ

軹Ҫղˣһ룬ҲУлιáʢһ뵰ݸ

˵ţˣһԲĶһСͷߡ

ôֻһ룬㲻𣿡񻪲ʡ

ԡģСͻһ䡣

ԾͲԣûȥƨɵİãʡһԼԡ

⳴ɫʱ򣬷һưˮȥڵĹ򣬽񻪰뵰ˡ

ԽԽ䣬ôһ뵰Ӻһֱů˳θ

￪ʼˣһȥ󷹣ʣµľ⡣

˿ն񻪲ҪȥĵûС

ߵſڣͻȻֹģȻڸµ˵

̽Դ͵͵ͿڴߣҨһӵݵߣչԶ˲ϳԡ

񻪻Ϊڶ˭ֹ֪˵ǵ˵Ķôܳء

Ȱ˹һҧסӣ͵ģ¶ӣ˵ڳ壬ǶԵɡ

⺢ìܵģ嵽һȥˡ

üסǵĵˣܹ裬ƽǸûϢѾеͶˣҪסҲֵġڸԼ

ģϲ˵ĽþȻӣ񻪲㱻ķ̲סЦˡ

ڴߣڻһεȣͻȻһ¡

ϱӵĽһ˽ţƽʱ·ȴе㲻ȻΪС˳ЦرԱ޼ҲΪֻŷǳİûڣҪʧߡ

ʹ˵Ϊ˳ܣƼҳߣȴˤһȡ

ǲ֪Ǹ˭˼ܣΪʲôҳߡ




14.  ҹ̸   ˣԶġ

㽨ˤȵʱ䣬žꡣ

úһӣΪһӴ켣͸ıˡ

ԸУ֮ڱЦԼ·˽ţ͸ԱˣҲΪŻԸԽԽΪ˽˼İɣ

ٿһСͷöأˣ룬ﻹСĺŸ裬ðһֱЦ

ⱲӣΪ˲޼ҹҹΪʧߣҲԲ·

ţ񻪶ûԼҲЦͻȻо˸ˡ

Ťͷһ˵ܲٲܲٵѽǣ޼Ѿؼˣվء

磬ô磿ЦţϱƵĸһϵĻҳ

޼һݵĿ⿴Ž񻪣ԽԽˡ

ղŽ˼žŵһر˵ķζߣСͷЦȻͦ˵ģദҲܲ

أƱ߷ĹȻվſڿźǣ͵Ц

߷ˣŵѼ鱨ȴڰĵӣְ

ûб߷ô͵һμ֪ϲã

ĥ͸

޼ҲǺܵģϵ֮󼱴ҴҵߣǸ˾¶ȥˡ

˾˴񻪣ָʡǺͰֱ˵籨һʡǱٶȵ飬ϴѧһ꾿ûнӴõĻͽûиɷʶ

ðҲ飬񻪴СǴӴѧȥʱûʲô쳣ľٶ

ҲǸһ˳ͨǾͿ֤飬һԶķˡ

ع񣬿һ˫ʶۻֱĶԼ޼ͷǣ칤æ

ã˴󹫼ٳˣǾͿԿˡȥ

СŵĴ󹫼ѾȫζˣǴ󹫼УƤгɹȥþͿԳ

߹ұ߾Ͱ׷ʢ

׷ζȻͷ˲ٵĺ滹һĹأȫʱڼԣʳĺӶܳԵĴͶ᲻ö

ٵͣ˵͵ط£ѾǴ״̬ʱͿԳˡ

ǽ֮ĵһΣһݳԷ

ũĴ󹫼ǳԳӺͺ糤ģǽһ㣬ҧһڣ͸һӵζ̵УְͶˣһ㲻塣

ֵһһ˺˵㼦˿ŷ˵ˣ޼Ҳһӽһӣûͣ

һֻ󹫼һӣ񻪷ݣΪԳٵģ˭֪һˣӻ۰Ͱ͵ĳš

û취ֻȥ˵ڶ룬˰ɣѵóһκõģ塣

ڶ뼦ʣ˵ӣƽûڻżȫ˸һɶ˸˵ãֻãó԰

һг޼͸ƵģʶľͿ˽񻪡

ôģϣƽĿڽˡ

ɷ˸Цӯӯ񣬽˵һ˿ɱ䲻ֻ󹫼ǳԵ׷⣬˶ҪǮǮ˭أ

ְָƽһ֭Ұ˵

һ޼ǿ۽ˡ

˷޼˵˵Ǹڳ´賳ˡ

ƽЦֱӽϣ˵ҪӵȥأڱŤŤIֻӣֶ߬ˣرĽš

ȻӦǣҲʳԶʣ̷˿ӣǣҴͷģô

޼ú̸̸ģһ̬Ⱦеͷۣ㲻ӡ

˵ֻҪңΪӵƤܣͰ𣿡Ƴһۣʡ

Ȼᡣ޼쳣˵ⲻܣҲ붼Ҫ롣

ûУǲܱߵģڽܵȥϴϴţ׼ϴ˯

ӣɱƵľȥˡ

˵İɡ޼ӦЦõĿ񻪣ôԶء

ǻ˵˭ѽϴ룬Ҫȥϴˡ꣬һ֣ǽһƣ

ϴ룿޼⣬㲻ӵ𣿡

ＸˣеҪʱȣ˭ڼҸү˭ڼҸ⡣

ʱ䳤ˣ޼ҲӰ㣬ͻ׬ǮˣҾͿ͵ɼһ¨ȫӡ

ϴ˭ϴ񻪻˹ˣϱӼɶ޼񰡣ֻϴ룬鼸ġ

ԱԴЩҲȻϸ£ûý㡣

˭֪ػһ˾ȻĲɼˣʱôô

˫ָί˵㿴ҵ֣㲻ڼϴڼˣһҪϴڳʲôӣӵģֲǵķģҪǰм񶼶ңҲϴˣǳԡ

һ⣬޼Ī;ԼǸˡ

˼ҶʮͷĴӣĺӣ˦ӵүɶˡ

Ͻ޼˵Ժϴ룬ˡ

һȻӣ˿Ǿġ

ֻϴ룬ϴ·ϴӣɨǿһɣ㲻ܵ˦ƹ񡣡񻪺۾˵

꣬ߵſ޼ͻͷˣĿɿڴŻһ˸ЩеΪ飬ЩҶᡣ

˭ͻᣬѧ񻪶˵ɻѧᣬЩѧ𣿡

УѧҪ֪һͰǿޣôӵصˡ޼ֱҪȥϴ룬ȴߵĸͦΡ

Ǹãһҵģϻҵңɱ͵úøɻͻȻЦˡ

¹һ޼ͻȻŷ֣ղŶװģûпް

Ҳû취ˣԳУϽϴȥɡ

ϴ껹ϴţ̨Сʣ°ˮ˽ţϴڴͿĨѩࡣ

һ㣬ģϸµĴͿӣٷֱĨֻϣǮѩó˹ʴƵĸо

ͿأͻȻ۾һƳѽ̸

ŴıӲ˯˾Ȼһоһӡ

ͻСЩûʱ˵޼һС̺ӡ

ʵ񻪵û֮ǰκܽӴҲΪ˱

Ѿʮˣ궼ʮһˣҶҽ飬˵һСһֻŴ̵оϣü˵㲻ܴ̣Ҳͬ⡣

һ޼תʣȸңһȥҳԷô֪ҲԲˣǴ֪Ҳˮ

ڵϣʹ֪Լ¶ҲӲȥ޼ֱ˵ˡ

Ҳסˣû뵽ôһϸڣȻǵڡ

ͬ־شҵ⡣޼Ŀߴţ˴Ǹ۵Ĺ

ҵġ񻪸Ͻ˸ڡ

˭֪޼ı࣬ô꣬Ͳ֪ҵĿζ˭ġ

һʵļƣ˵ǰҵ˰ɣ

ֱпˡ

񻪸ûаֹϵСﳤǲ޼ǡûӴ

Ǽ˵ԼǴδģ̻ᱻ˵ɷ⽨Ÿţ˵塣

ҪǻĽ쳳ܵ飿ջ˳ȣϽ˱ѣֻʣԴ¶棬ٸ⡣

У˵޼㵽Ϊֹͷ˵

񻪲˵Ҳûϵ籨Ѿĳȥˣһ¾ͻнȵ

ϴ˵񻪶ڱգգ۾ʲҴ֪ģҲ˵Ϊʲôܡ

ѵͲ֪ǵ׷ʲô£

ϢԴǽ񻪵ߣǺӾ޼ˣ̴ϳ£ӿ۵棬һ±ˣåļơ

˫˫ɵϣ˵ߴ۸ƽȥһѣҾ齨ûıܵզ

񻪻ѵƫӵܺ裬ҳ´ӣҲŸ۵ģСӴǳе飬ƽƾɶҪ

Ҳܸ޼ƽڴϣ۾˵

ΪʲôܣöˣؼҸ״ų㴩СЬ񻪹ʡ

仰޼ûüû˵ųֹͬʻսѲӹ͹գųʲôСЬҸųôС

ʲôˣǿһ̫̫ಡ޼ƽ˵

ģͰƽԴϴһѪҪţҪһءЦһ

仰޼˲۾ʲô

˵ಡҿܿ˭񻪼ֱ͸̫̫˵ƤˣñӵһѺ֣Ҫӣɾ˵ˡ

˼ǣ

ͦģԺûҶ֣Ҳûһ䡣ɲǣ޼

ҿǶԽᣬզأ֮󣬾пԭ񻪹ϱӣ˵

޼ֱ۾Ҳ룬ǲǰҲ˽

զ˵öһ䣬Ժ´ܣ㡣

תЦе˵Ժ㲻Ҫٴ̣һ˯ҾʹӦ㲻ˡ

޼ֱӾͿʼװ˯ˡ

˼ӣҲÿЦá

ʲôʱ䵽Ҫ޼Լһ˯ˣϱͲø˯һ

ˣԶ̣ԶĴ



ѵõůڼ˼죬ò׿̫Ͻѱóȥɹ

һҬľӣ̵ĹһӴöຢһЦһ׽Բء

ҿ˿˸ɹõֲ̫ᱻܺǶϵλãѼӶȥŻؼҳ緹

緹ܼ򵥣˵࣬ϡһĺӼĽⶫøϽ꣬Ȼ׻

衣ƽƨɣ۾ӳ߳еĴģְأ

ˣզӣ񻪸ϽƲ˵

ѽϱûӣⱲӸǸƻŮƫƫиҿյƽ

ٺ٣˴ƽСţţ˼˵

ǻûֿһĴܳĸϿӣְѰǣϴˢҪнһ˿û㶨ӡ

ദʱԽ񻪾Խý˵ôѴȻˣµĺܣæŵܵá

ǣµĽýе֣զˣ𣿡

ʱ죬ǰ컹żĳһ仰ģһϰ仰û˵ͻȻưˡ

ûһۣһĮĺ࣬ǲ졣

֪硭ƽСͽҪй¶Ļܡ

ԥÿһã۾ٵһۡ

ðɣƽ˵ˡ

⺢ӣԼ˵ܵ˵զˣ




15.     v

˵Ҳû׷ʡ

ƽһӣСźܲˣ͸һ⽴úóԷҸ·

·𣿡ƽ۵һر𼤶Һóʱû·

ԣҪɶɫģЦ˵

ɫƽ˵ְֵ·һ

ϵ֮ǰڵү˺üߵĲɫϣ񻪾˵ãǳ극ǲҪܣһ³ߴ磬ͷùðæá

ڴ·κ÷ģѾãüǺܺý񻪲ѣȥæ

Թ緹ϴ׼ţ·Ĳϣ񻪰ʣµĲҲˣĲ͸㣬Լ·

ŲϣǣŰͳˡ

̫ɹſůģ۶ȥһŵľɩſɹ̫˻ŷԷѾ֯ë£Ь׶˾Ϳűߴ˯

񻪸˵СģСȥѽ

ȥҴңæӲùѡ񻪻ͷһЦ

ԶأҲӣҪæŸԼҺӲѣҪùǴҰһ˶˵һܰ·áЦе˵һ䣬ֻͷ˵˼Ҳûţͦ㣬һ˵˵

һʳſŵľɩȫСʵſˣŽ֣ǣҲ鷳ǣҶ˭ûиæʱ򡣡

ȻҪڵɩǿ϶Ҫô˰æ˵УҲؼøСʡ

һСӣԱΧһȦĸŮëߺͲϷ棬յůġ

ɩĸƽһѣڰæ޻æȻ졣

֪뿴ԼҲ뿴ԼԺզԾʹӼץһѻôҳԣͬʱ˳Ҳͷ

һͷϡٵĻͷȫʭѣͷܿɫģ飬һֱͷ

һʼʭѶĸŪһݣ˵Ŵãͷ˺òã

Ǹµͣһǣģϸϸ˵ãǡ

ԱߵĺӪҰˣ˵޺úõͷզأ

ͷƣôʭѣ괺϶Ҫʭӣڼ

ɩŵͷ˸СզȲ˵ȷʵΪӺõġ

üӿݵĶѿҸСѾͷͷˣӳ졣˵ţؼһ굶

ɩӣôⶫһ졣

ССļֱ˱ˡ

ҼǰͷҵϼҵݹҴգҸͷ굶

һ·һͷĵ֣һһһ䣬гˡ

ʱһ׿ĵطͻȻ໵һɤӣߵĸŮ

˭͵͵Ǽһʱ䷴Ӧ߿

һЦˣŸųҵķŬ죬˭ˣղǴ󱦽һɤӣ

Ȼһ´Ȱ˵󱦣̵ĻҲóԣͳһڣһ̾ԲȰˡ

󱦲ģҲҾҪԼҪԼҪԳ

ûмˣȥжĥ˼ҺӴӵ۾ĳ´裬ǰ͸ûƢƵģǽһ簮

ҲҪԳ

һųҵԺǽͷȻɳһֻ룬ֱӵ۵˵ϡ

˲˵һƳȳȵҲ˵ϡ

ϧⶼʳһȺɩر۵˵

ԸߴҪԼûмȻͰҳˣû·Ҫ·˵ҪҵͷѪ

ô󱦲ǽҪİɣ

Ŀọ̈̄Ŀɿڴͷʣ⡭Ǹ´߻˰ɣû˹أ

г´ˡͷҲ̧ķ˵

ɶ˼ΪɶҪߣʶʡ

ӻųԭİ˿ɲǵԺҽиǰʱ̫̫ɷֲãԳ˺࣬˻飬˸ˣԼӡ

ĿɿڴԭΪֻ̫̫簮ӣ˭뵽ô͡

鲻ǲģôߣӲָѽҲ˵ĸԼ޹ġ

̫̫ʽ㡣

Ҷĵϸ˾˵Լϱ۸ˣϱТ˳˵ǽһģڸųǰʱ䳤ˣ˼ҷҲ롣ᷭ˸˵

䣬Ҳ֪̫̫զȰ˵ģ߼Ժĺͣˣܿžһ򿪣´Ÿ߳ҴҵĴߡ

·ȺŮǰݺݵĵ˽һۡ

񻪳ۣ´Цһŭľˡ

Ƿʲôûûˡ

ƻǺҪż˵ʳѾüûˣڿ϶ȥߴ˻Ҫء

̫̫˼

һᣬк·ѾˣʣµĲϻ˸Сް

ڽ񻪸ԴްʱǰһӰȥ̧ͷֻܿһߣѾȥˡ

ɶȥԶ춼ûſأ⺢ѾӰˡ

Ҳˣ̾˵ղܹȥǽɣûòǴҶ⣬Ҳ˵ͣʺһСҲˣҲ⺢ȷʵùܡ

˸ŵͷ˭˵ǣϵһͿڸ˴ܣСҲſģ⺢ԺûʲôϢܳԹܴͺˣܲɻԼˡ

ԵϵľɩȻҲϣúõģδûб̫ϣ

кö˾ýǸ֡

ԭЩûʲôоֲԼģ⻰ôô̶ôܵġ

ûдôô죬ҴܵãҲҪƫ̰ｨһ䡣

Сơֱҡͷ

ú߻иϺȵģһץͰѸ˼죬˵ƽ˹

ʷʵƨɵӣЦеʣ裬Ҫ˵ɶ

˵ɶƽµģŸȥأһֱ

Ϊɶһֱ˵һ䡣

ҸҪԴסݡ

ϸ߳ȥɶʡ

ƽָָԼݣȻ˵߰סݣٰϣܣݾˡ

ţܳȥҪԼȥ

񻪳ƽ·ֻеԴë£ƨɣУȥɣɶ»ҡ

ƽɹأͷ˦ŷƨɾˡ

⼸Уû취ʳҲûʲôų˺üزˣò׷磬ȥһ㡣

סںãı˲˵Ҷʵġ

һʺ죬ƬڷĴ㣬֮ȹεƬɾ滮ӡ

ڿ˿һ£ûоƣҪеĻܸõȥζ

ƺԺ֭ˮϹ죬˳ϴ˿飬õͽһ¡

һʷ۵㣬һӳˣƽ۾ҪˣҲһֱץӡ

ٿ罨ȵúܣȻСԷ

ûҪҴȥԺ񻪿ӾЦ

̺ݺݵ˵ܵһۡ

ûУ˺ö취ŪƽһŽţͻȻˣҪǰְֻھͺˣǰİְֿ϶а취

ôְ𣿡

šƽƵ˵

ӶĬˣͷ˵

һᣬƽſǻ˵ǰİְ˵ǵʱͻҪˡ

˵ãһ˵񻪶ʱرᣬرܡ

ûвҪǣˡæ˵

ǣΪʲôңƽ۵һˣ㶼ˡ

˵ںԶĵطԼİ취ǣû׼һҬްǵޱǲˣҪðְֵģòã

ڸ⺢ӰְԶز̫ˣһõĻ룬߳ɡ

ģƽʡ

ģúѧϰҪѧְֿҲܸ˵ġĸ

ƽŲӣڴڵĳ㣬ҶԵ㷹ðְָˡ

һ㣬ȻѾ֪壬û˵Ҳͦġ

Ϊ˰ο˼׵ĺӣҧҧ˵ҪǸ£㳤°ְҲٺóԵģ

ɶóԵģƽֱӴˡ

ʱ֪ˣؼҡ

ϣƽͻˣȻһֱӰ

ҪǱˣ컹úõͻȻͿʼ꣬һʼС꣬ԽԽҲԽԽڡ

¡һףסˣüӹԹԵĴţ˰ɡֱӳ˴

òᣬڽϳɣ

ţԱ߿һۣͿ´ü۵̽ͷء




16.  Һ   ţˡ

Ҫֱȥҽ, ´裬񻪾̲סˣôؼ¶, ǲǸ´Ҳеϵ

ҪȻϵģô, ̽ͷ̽Ե⿴ʲôأ

Ųһתתۼ佪񻪾ͳɡųҵĴſڡ

´迴, ϽҪŻؼңһֿסš

ɶҹٰ´Ƶʡ

Ǿ, ɶҪ̫̫, Ҽҽû񻪺ʡ

ҵĺӻû´迴ȥͦ, ȻֵҲ޹

, ڻûؼءü˵㿴𣿡

´һ̾Ҫ, ﻹ˵ҵĺӲզῴ, ÿҪؼˡ

СһƤ˵ܵĶҰȥ¡

˵⻰ʱ, ´ֻһֱתͲֶдˣһֱ, ǻŵӡ

̫̫ǲǸҼҽˣżһ־ק˳´, ᵽԼǰ

ҪɱϽҷſ´Се˵˵˲֪ҺԼã鷳ɶ

ҵţ۸̫̫Ͼ͸쵼ȥûǰɣҪ𣿣

´ҪѶĤ̴ưô꣬ץӴ𣬡ҪǺӳ£㿪ʱ֪Ҫʱɶ

˦̫̫񻪳ɡϽҺȥˣĽڱ˼Ҷ꣬һһš

죬Ҽҽ𣿡

ûС

֪𣿡

ûа̣һ綼û

һԶĺ淼ңŷ뻹ڰأһָǱҿȥϲҽһ档

⵹˽񻪣Ͻһ·ϣֻҪкӵļͥý񻪰ŸÿˣǺźûһӿ

Ҳýֱˡ

κ÷ңÿţһˮĵϱκ÷ɾˣô꣬㲻ڼҴţҼҸɶ

кŴʣ㣬𣿡

ڣûӰӡκ÷ҡͷ˵

ڻûؼأкӼңûˡ񻪼Ŀˣϵû죬ȻѺӸŪˣĻŸ˭˵

ʱ򿴼ѽ

κ÷һӣڱ˼ȥˣСľ˵Ľġ

Ŀģллأ֪ӵˡ

ıŷ룬˵罨ڸԼСײ˳̵ļǾͳ

ǳɶҲ֪ʱԶû

Ȼܵľǳ´裬룬˵ղôôء

أ

˵Ȼ󽨰̴һƾܵĵطȥˣҲؼˡ

ɶ˸ˣզؼҸ裿κ÷һסˣĨһ˦Ҫȥҳ±һܣ

ȻƢҲǼ̵һզ˵Ҳһʱ䣬ǵԼҺˡ

ԼҺӰ˴ƾɶȥָ

ûţ񻪸Ͻ㣬Ҫҵô꣬˻һﰤء

ͷȥңҵ˾ȴҼңڼպˮֱӸϴˮ衣

Ů˳ɡͷͷȥҺˡ

һ·һ·ȥһ˾

˭վڵڱǹĺһֹ忨ǽǹ

ĿǰܵļȽսŽǳϡ

޼ļкż飬ﺢӳˡ񻪸Ͻ˵

ʲô֣

񻪡

иսʿȥˣһֳжӳҴȥˣ㲻Ҫҿ

һ·սʿߵһ칫ſڣ޼ţôˣ

񻪸Ͻ˵ˡ

ǲꣿ޼ĻҲܺ˵žͿʼʰҸһȥҡ

Уܲ쵼׼һЩ˸һң񻪼Ҫ

֪㵣ģҵΣҪ˷¹Һӣ⵺ʮһڣµġ޼ĵĽ͡

죬Լĵ˵

Ҳ֪޼ͻԼǸ⻰˵ҪӻˣͬʱҲܻܿԼߣΪû˻һƼĹԼߡ

һ۴⣬ԽԽˣһֱڴס

ţٻͷʱһ棬ҽ˵ĻһҪ棬Ҫô֪ģҺҪģ𣿡

˵ʲô

£жӳ۾

Ϻܻܿˤȣˤ˻к֢һӶ˽ţҲΪ˽⵽۸ǳԱҧ˵

ҪΪʲô֪ȥ쵼æҺӣ𣿡̧ͷɷǲġ

޼ţ˼ӣһԲתȥ˶ŵİ칫ңϵʾϼȥˡ

һֻҪûйģȫ㳲ɡϽȥҺȥˡ

ȫҺӣϵں

Ҳ˹ˣôСһӣȻǲˡ

кöҲʶԣɡҡ

ţʯ֮䣬ͻȻð˸뷨

ϱӽˤȣСϸûиɽһƬƽأûˤȵΨСıи£ǰǾʹǳ

ϵѿڰˣû˸ȥˣΪˮİ׸ȥ

̵ת򣬽ֱ߶¡

𣿡һĺţֵͲҲרˤȥĵطš

һңһ߽Ž֡

⡣

Ҳ֪˶ã˻죬ķһۣ㱻

ڶµԵһŴŴѵĻţϰߡ

ɡֵͲ˹ȥסǰ⺢Ӹ˻

ʱ¿һۣһƽأкܶСʯͷҪǻƤˤȣֲβˡ

òװѽѾ͸ˡ

ҿ˿ͰѽһС

Сԭߵĵطڵǻҳڻܶꡣ

ֵͲȰѽ¸һ飬𣿡

⺢ȻҲŻˣҡҡͷ

ٿϣһʺĴӡûʧأǲǳ´ģ

˵ͷһԲ

˵Ҳ˵˾Ŀ⡣

ģֱ꣬ǰѺˡ

һᣬŽ΢ȶһ㣬񻪲˵ϣȡů

䡣ڿˡ

Ź֣⺢޼ѾĿʼˡ

ֱӰ˹Լ

ûԾôţһ˵Ϊʲôؼң

ղʱɡûˣڻؼǶҪҰֵͲ棬Ͼ˿ˣǵġ§˵»ůţûôˡ

ϻӺò״򿪣񻪵ø䣬ղôǣ

Ьӵˣȥ񣬽Ż

ΪɶҪҳߡ׷һ䡣

ûҳߡ˵ҾְˣҸط

ǵҽƽ˵ְֻںԶĵطز

񻪸տ˸ͷƲƲ죬ƭң֪ˣܻ

⺢ӣȽĻҪ죬Խ죬Խ̡

ʲôԾ˵ˣ㿴ûˣûУɴԺͰҵˣҲͦó𣿡

ðɣҪ裬϶㡣

ɲǣɷǰŸߣžͰѺӶ°겻ŲʵŮˣܳˣ

ҵ裬ԺҾͺúõİ󡣡

ɶϣԿˡ

ŰɵģңΪҳҪΰɡ

Ҹ㣬ϲڵİְ֣İҲԶģΪְǣҳԭ򣬸βûйϵ

ҲŶʮͷϼֲǼ޲ȥΪôԶܹ

˵أҪҪҸ㵱裿⺢ӵͷЦʡ

һᣬŤģģͰʪСԴ˽񻪼ˣ˵á

˶̰ůɣ⺢Ѿܾûиܹرĵζˡ

ԺҸ˵ҪҪӦң

Ҫ

Ҫ㲻ѧúѧϰ𣿡

ֻҪúøǵ裬ġ

Цĸˣཱུ룬ͻȻ˸ĴӣоʵҲһȫµĹ̡

ļ򣬽˲䣬ͻȻðһ䣬ϲ˲УûϵֻҪúøҵ裬۸㣬һġ

룬ôܰʱ򣬽Ȼðôһ仰񻪹Ծģ𣿸裬Ϊɶ

ͣտڲ̸

ղŲ˵Ҹ˵ʱ򲻻ٺ𣿡§˵

ԺһģҪ˺衣̧ͷ˵

ģ⺢ӵһν裬һֻ۾˵ģ񻪲׷ˣðɣÿԵʱٸңҵ̫ú𣿱ϾĺϲŶ

㲻ߡ죬ǡ

ɶҸǷԺҵϲŮҲҪߣ󵨵ĸ˵һ齨ͥզ˵飬Ϊ޼û֤أ㲻Ϸޣܻܿᱻ޼

ҲϣⱲӵĽһͬĵ·ҵһϲŮӣСûʲôϢûʲôԽ˵ҲѾ㹻ο

˵Ĳˣ񻪸ЦͻȻˡ

ʲôǺǲɶر˵

ºڷߣ˼ʲôѧĶɣ˵ɶģ

ػһΣòȷʵпѧͲ˵Ķ

֧ŶȻȥٻʱϻŸһֱ̽еģ֨ҶС󡣡

ȿϵĶʱ񻪲һιȥ

˵бȹ껹µĶǾСʱۿҧ˱˵Ľָͷ

죡ҪͿӳȥ񻪲Ҫ޳ˡ

ֻβ͸˳ȥ

һСֻһֻģⲻֿʼߴߴĽˡ

ΪҪԼأ˭֪Լŵû취˵ˡ

أô󰡣񻪱۾½һֻ

֮£ֻðԴ˻ڰУͻȻЦˡ

˭뵽ڱ˹ϰ裬Ȼһֻ

񻪴ָķ϶￴˿ŶߵˣǸֲͣһʼ˵ء

֨ѽһӦöֵͲһս˲١

ʱ񻪵Դڻ۾ɪɪ

ˣˡ

񻪾롣

޼ʱ򣬿ľһĻ»Сӱӱڻ˶ڷ

̧ͷ޼кööĹٱֵͲһš

Ȼǰһ뻹ڶӻ﷢Ŷܿ콪񻪾͵ɵƯļ

Ž֣һ߳ȥ

û°ɣ޼̰ڽϣѽ

̾Ҫ˵𶯣㣬ؼҿ϶ġ

ðɣһڣԸˣһ·϶ü

һ·߻ؼңҵʱ񻪲ŷּѾΧ˺öˣھӵķͳ㶼ˡ

̵ȴŮǾڳæˮǻϴˮ衣

û°ɣզˣκ÷ɷίְλߵģϽʡ

û£Ҫա޼˵

û¾УԺҩɣ˭õ㣬ֹҹί˵

Ӧһɡˡ

޼·񻪾ͽ˴ңƽͰһ𣬾ֻܾСӣҲɪɪ

衣ƽһ֣޳

޼ʱϵû׷ʽô֪ȵϢֱһһӸޣ趼û£Ҫ뿴·ЬӣڷĵĿҪǺòã

ƽͷ˵ؾ͸ϽԼ׺·޼Ҳ·ſڴ߿衣

һᣬˣϻһֻ룬ȵ㽪裬ͷˡ

զˣɤеɳƣǿ۾ʡ

ͳڳϴˮ裬Ѿϴ˯ˣҪҪϴˮ裿κ÷ʡ

ˣ·ڴһᣬ˽ͺá˵ţཹཱུľͰѽ˶ӡ

˯һᣬĶ˶ˣǱһͨҲҪؼ˯ˡ

ֻʣ½ίκ÷ӻûߣؼҹȻ˸գһƬҩڻù۲һ»᲻ա

񻪺˽ůģɢ˺Ͱ۾޼ڿ˵

ǵ࣬κ÷ӣȥɼˡ

ˡ״ֻԼ⼸䣬ǳģǻѹⲻ֪Ƶġ

裬裬Ҫมƽſڴߣߺ˵

񻪲ͷһƽںۣ㲻Ҫ˵˵𣿡

а衣ƽĶʼƤˡ

ðɣ˵Ҫ˵ɶˡ

ְ˵ڵĳȥ״ˣ˵Ҫ᲻ᱻߣ᲻ᱻץ߰ҲҪߣߣһ߰ɡ

ɶ´˺ӣȸ״

̲ˣˢһ´Ӵƿ´Ҫ´赱ʣɶ˵ġ




17.     һ̰Ǯˣ

, ˴ĽҪսսʿ·ЬһǳɣȻߵ, ֱӰ˶һ

񻪣㴩·ʲôȥ˯޼˱Ȳ, ü˵

񻪻ڿһŦأ˵ˮɤ, Ѿ׼ȥ̫̫úóһˡ

˵ڳ´ȥ״ˣͷ޼

޼, , ˵ȥ³ΰ칫, 㲻Ҫܣһȥ, ¡

ô϶Ҫƽң𣿡޼, ٴ̽Դκ÷

ίϾǸ, Ҫһ㣬Ҳ, Ǹղſˣѳ°̵ĲӸˡ

˵֮ǰ֪ĺ˽, Ҫ֪һ̫̫, ŪǷǣˡ

ǲ֪ΪʲôҪԼԩȥ˵ţ񻪾Ҫߣȸ״Ҳˮ

ȥˣٴð޼Ӻ׷һ¡

κ÷Ҳĸ˲ߡ

İɣҲðģ̫̫ʵ̫ˣҪǲȥܰ˵ɸʮĴ󻵵ӣŲǽһ졣

ߵ·ڣסˣ³ΰ칫ģ

ӸղŵһԲκ÷ǰŽ񻪵־˵Ҵȥ

ں˶һۣﶼֲõԤС

һౣһһԲŮˣòҪѳ´˰ɡ

һ·ˢ˾ߵ³ΰ칫ſڣ񻪿һ۴㣬˵֣ȸۣǶ־·硣

ţȥκ÷ɽ¥ƽ

ɨһۣ񻪸оӷء

ţ˵

˵ģĻǳ´衣

Ȼ񻪽ȥʱ򣬾Ϳ´һ˸һС輸ţǰԵһȲ裬һߺȲһ˵أгȲȡ
ٿԱߣŸʮˣ꣬ݸ´мƣǸų

Ų裬Ѷӽй´׼ѽ

³ǵ𣿵㰮һȥźӣҲߵġ´׷أҪ˸Լ͵ϵ

˵ģڵȷʵܻˣ˵˻쵼չˣֻɶҲɶҲɲ˵Сӣ߲ľŻ¶ԼĿ

ǣҸҰһֱܸл³Ǹˣ˵е㲻ͷһֱڴǷ

˵˻䣬´軹ҪװŲӸ³ο˵ƽʱ˭˭ƾɶ۸ˣһ̫̫ĲӶˡ

ƣǲˣ

³ϸһȷʵ˺ôһ飬̫̫ͷҵһ£ҪСĴһǸģҲ£ӣӲҪż

żҲܴ̫̫ɣҳɶˣ

˭㵱Ҫ˵˵Ϊɶ㣿ʳָߵһŰ壬վſڣʡ

´һͷͿվſڣվҵļˣһʱ͸һ

˵񻪸ðˣѾ·ϴ˯Ÿҹȸ״ģôˣ

ίСΣҲˣ³еͷۣô¶ȫһˡ

ǣǹ㲻ùҡί˵

Ҳ˽ھһ䣬˵˵´裬˵Ϊɶ㣿

˵Цһ㲻˵˵³ΣҸû첻ǳ´赽ʲô·ҿ϶һ㣬ǿҼҵӡ

ϵһ죬ҳ˸⣬˵Ұ 죬Ϊļ˺һƣӾίܵǣͱ˸ˣһӡϵ˿ڣΪûиӳܵİɣҵҪʣӵǵ˭õˣôأ

´ʱ֪ˣͺӵĻҾ˵䣬ôˣҾ͸㿪Ц𣿡

ɶиЦתͷ͵ߣڵǵٿһ飬ǾúЦ𣿡

죬´赱ȻܾôģվǾͲ̸Ц㲻ʲôˮãɶҿǣɶߵģҾǿҵļһ£Ļôأ

컹ãһ죬񻪲ˣߣǾߣһؼҿɶߣ³Ҳȥҽ˵һ˵ɶɶҪǾҿˣؼҿ

´軹أκ÷ںţǰš

ͷӣûˣ˵˵ؼ˯ɡ

Ų֪ɣҲأ˵㱻ԩˣҲó֤ݣڣһȥμСԺӣȥ

ǰ·صԺôҶ˽ŲߵС

һ˯ӵյĺͮͮġ

ҪǣȷʵиӡƿӣϵǱ֦˵ĵط⺢ӼֱǱˡ

꽨 ˵϶ġ

Ǹ޸ĸĺӣĸΪ͹ഺ׳ܴķ潲⺢ӦյõĽչˡ

´赹Ǻã˸ӡ

³һڵģϹսսѣӳӣһ뺢Ӷ˯ǿ侲СǷҪһ£¶ô

񻪴չȥ޼˵˾仰ͷ˵⺢ԭûĸܣҸ˵ˣԺҾ裬ڳ´۸ҶӣҪҶǸ˵пݻˣõ˵̷ʡҲٽӽҼҺӰ벽

Ǹ̷ʡ˸ƽӴǰס˳´ţȫǰˣԺҶ֪ûܡ

´ްðɲ쵼ǰά֪Ĵء

ֻˣɳ飬ųϻģǮͳ˶ʮǮʵķ֮һ

жʮǮ˵ԲסǮҩԵĲһųݹ˵

񻪻ûأǮ´߬סˣǿһЦҵǸǾͲǮ˰ɣô͵˸һӵǸҪǮ˼ҵð˵ɶ

һѣǮƸ˽񻪣˵ҪǮҲԣҸӲǮ㲻˵ҹˡ

Ӵ̫̫ڻ봹Ǹ˸ףԼǼǮۿ

˼ҸʮǮͿ𣿡񻪷һ䣬´裬㵽ڻ֪ڸģϳԺӣ

ųֱҪץˣʮǮ˽˵ҲҪˣҸƱϼȥ

̫̫ˡ




18.  Ӧ   Լ

, ˻û˵׶ӾȻڸԼˣ´ڸоԼҪˡ

Ҫϼ, ӰѰѹأɶҲøɾʹ, ˼ңȥϹ, ۵ðֻӣ⻻˭, °

໵һɤ, ֱӿ޳, ɶǣֲǹ, ˵ҸǸ𣿵ǸҪǻУҸǿͷ

Բζӳͬ־, ҸˣҶԲ, ҪҸǿĸͷ

һʮˣźҪͷЦ, 񻪻Լء 

˵ڳ˭֪´ڵ˼Ҫͷ, ҪϴǴţҪǽٲɿ˵ԭ, ˾Ҫ˵ѹ˵˼

в˭̫̫˵ˣֻҪǸ֣ԺٵҶӸǰˣ˭ҪͷˡԱһã˳Լ˶ˣʣ˵ˣҪҿʲôͷʲôָ˶ԲҼҵ¶

ѽȻУ´ǽһϧ

Ҳ֪ǣӾԼˣҪӸˡ

ͻȻ໵һɤӣ´ͿˣǣǶǸˣҪˣ㣬ˣ˭Ҫû˴ţҼҴ󱦲˸۸ˣ

⻰̲סҪЦˣ˵˰ɣҴ󱦲۸˾ллˡ

û˴ڸųǸ⣬˵ˡ

ȻҪԸߴΪҪЮҪƣȻҪѺӴˡ

´۳ŶеɶˣɫҲûôѿˣ͸һƵĸϽܵٳʱ򻹿Ÿֺӣں˯ء

󱦣ѣҪ̸ͻϼѡ´ֻ˼ףţˡ

ߴԺģﻹ˵λȣȣúóԵļȣҪڳһڣţ㣡ըȣռȣҪԼȡ

⺢ӻԼأ˵ǽһ㣬ҪСվڸ˵Ŀˮǧߡ

󱦣Ͻѣ̸ըȣѡ´һģڰӸˡ

ߴ۾ˣ̾ʣ󱦣˵Ҫͻϼȥ˵˭ȳԣҪҪߣ

ߴＦȶߣͻȻѣֱɽһˡ

һ֣һ㷭ȻֱӴӳ´軳ڵֱ˵ҵļȰҪԼȣ

뼦ˣھ˵벻̻ؼң´żץӣߴ󱦱ıQQģڵϲ

ʱԱ˶ҪЦˣųɫҲѿ

˭֪´ȥץӣߴ۷ʱ򣬾Ȼ̵ҧһڣҪԼȣҪ㣡ϼң

ӰҪ̣ؼҡ

´ģ⺮ҹҪ

ҪԱ߻и³Σ񻪲ҪЦ

̫̫̫̫߻˺ӣԼˡ

´費˵ˣһųһ̵ûᣬͻȻǰˣǰڵʱǺģ㱻ҲֻɵĽаְ֣ôʱ䣬ȻѺӸ

ûˣҸƱϼң

ȫ˸ųŭǮһҪؼҡ

´ҲˣŶӾͺϢˣҵĻˣ˭ӣ

һȸղźûҪֱ׳˵ҶѾǸˣⲻ㻹զ

Ǹ̫ˣǸ׷۸ˡ

˭û뵽κ÷ͻȻǰߵ´ǰȻ̧־һơ

һŰɫĶӳ´ɳɵ˲˵ΧĿӲˡ

񻪷Ӧ죬ϽŴ㣬ʹЦ´Բ̫̫֪ҴƢãҲǸ𣿶ԲԲۺأǧϰ

ǵһΣ񻪷ִƢ㣬кܶɰ֮͵һ뵽֮֮

¶κ÷һսˣڳ´ǹǼ⣬ĸ飬μ˶Ҫؼ˯

ϴ˽˴񻪻ѩԼͿģͷһɣͷֶоϣ޼һֱڿԼرζ

ˣԼ֮ǰΪ˾Ƚ¶һЩԼ֪Ķ

С࣬񻪲֮ǰװͰ͵ӣ˵㿴Ҹǲ֮ǰΪʲô֪£

˵𣿡޼еɳơ

ᣬǵʺϵʱһġ񻪸ˣ±޼Լߡ

ˣԶôһ⻹ʲô塣

޼ûʲô飬ǸмӣɷȫԼԸгҲֻŲᱻץȥȷ⽨š

ǾͲˣ˯ɡ޼˸۾

ûпȥôƽΪڰٷ֮ȷϾè

˵Ѿ¶ˣӦ̰͵˵ʡ

޼ʣߣΪҶԼжΪ֮ǰģߡ

ٵȵȰɣ֮ǰʡǵĽ͸ôˡ

ڴ֮ǰӽܵĹ۲񻪵Ķ򣬼κΣ͹ľٶ

һҹì˯ġ

˯֮ǰ񻪻ڵĽķջ᲻ݱĸأ˭֪һĲѾȫˣϴ˭ƤʵԼǱˣˣڴȫ

ǣһ춼κ÷æ޼ʳôʱǼСڴߣ۰Ͱ͵Ž񻪵ĲϽ



ڼɨأƽҲҪȥ޶ԺĻݣЩ¶ְֻɾˡϺȲ裬˺еɳ⣬Ϻˡ

ⲻһӶͻȻƵģ˼С۷䣬첻žڼҸɻ

ɨѣƵİѼɨһ飬ŸԲĹͷҲ׷ںæ̧

ӻɻƽֱӾǾƨ޶ˡ

һᣬ׵һһöɫĶ˵裬㿴ҵɶװ׵ģӲӲģеҸร

һţ¶ı飬Ǹģó

񻪶ûüֹ⺢ӾȻյˣ

ⲻǳ´ϴԺɵǿ

ˣϽӵƽȥϴ֣ϴ֣ĺϺһҲԣǵҪϴһϴ׷ں涣

üû𴲣òײˣȥʳóԵģԼҲӲһء

ҪƽץݵȥץϺԣ񻪷ģ̰⺢Ӵȥ

ලƽϴС֣öˮеˣƽʱȥô춼Χߣզˣ

˵ʱʱ죬ֻƵرҪƽƽûţ˵ĸ죬ΪǳȥǱָѽ˵㻵Ҫ˴ܡ




19.     Ҹɶ˾ֹ

Դӽ˵֮, ͺڴܣǱ˼ҵС״Ǳ˼ҵĸĸ߿, Ļ˵һ𣬾ͺ񽨰ϾǸûӵĴܻ, ˭˭

ϸһ룬׶, ֻΣһΪ˵ܵܲ۸, ˸ߴ󱦡ڶξ, ƽ˵һֱ, Ϊսġ

Ժô, Щ˰˵ж񻪰ƽ֣˿ڲ˵

ҵС͹ƵģСɨ˴, ׼ٴӴɨݣ֮, ⺢üëһ壬Щ˵

˵ţ۾һɨ, Ѿʼôʱ䣬̵·ߣͰȫɨһ顣

˵, ⺢ԹӺģ̷ֱ٣ɨѿʼ, ƨɺ滹׷ŸԴԲСѾͷһްҲ͵Ĺء

һ˹ϸϸĲŽԴϵĺְѰɨϴЩǵİְֽϻɣ˵ѧһѧǶôѧѽ

˵ţýһ䣬Ҳȶ֣˼˵ȭͷˣȶֵľ·֪ʱ˶֣ܶԴ죬ܶ֡

ǸƤ˫Ĵ۾üëȴëë棬ܲ˵ڵ˵Ļ֪˭˵ģ˵ʲô취ܶԸǣ

˼ҪԸ˭Цеʡ

Щͣͷˡ˻ȭͷ

һסСȭͷĿζǲǸԭ򡣡

ҥ𣬾͸ҵҥˣһ

ת˵ǣ𰲰Цʣ˵˵˶˵ʲôˣ

Ŵ۾ҡҡͷһӡ

ƽ˵ ҪϢȻҪûŵƽ

ƽ˭ʶԹԵĻشСһţȰȵľҪ˵ˡ

̹죬ߣ߻˵Ҹ˵仰

񻪸۵СۣСѾͷҲһ˫۾ëģֻҪ˶Ҫ̵ĳë㰲ıӣ˵һ¾֪Ҫ˵ʲô

ƽԺɶ˵ɶ˾ɵȫ˵

ȻһᣬֵһǰһĽˣǰ棬ƽʱСԲͰ͵ģһǱһ١

裬ʲôҲ֪Ժ㲻ҪСԲſھ˵

ҲУԼȥӾҪˡ

ڳȥﰡһѸסˣץ

չʾһԼϵӣȥͬ־Ҫ˰ɣȻʲô

˴ֿ֣˿Դһοе޴룬ҪҸȥɣҪʲôǮұ֤

һ⻰ˣԼѾ˷ǳĵزȻ빤Ҫȥ˵ġ

ΪʳСģǵĺӣԸ뺷˵׵ģһҪܣ˵̶Ѩ

ˣȻᣬŶʮһ꣬ûôҲûôģ㲻ʲôܲһӲŰɡ

ⶫϱ֪ΰ˵Сʱ򣬾ͱ񻪽ɽԼԵˣڵ޼᲻ݣײƷġ

ӣǣСѾͷ󻹸ƵֵҪȥˡ

˵ɲɣǰŸżžͿҸڵĸ߼СԺҲˣǳ´衣

Ӵ´軹ûţߣȥ㡣񻪹Ц˵һ䡣

̫̫ϱӺĽԱˣô׵ķŹ

Ϊʲôûߣʵ֪ġ

ϣųҪͻؼңҹ߼ҾˣĽ񻪸źüǽ

ҪߣȵſڣҵĴ󱦻ûչأզܻؼҡ´赱ʱһ޶ϵŶӴ˵

ˣ費Ҫˣأһ˭չˣ˭ϴ·ҸɴˣԺҲܾǡ

̫̫һѱһᣬװϵøų˿ڣҪ

ʱһһ죬ȵͿʼ©ˣҲŲߣˣָʹ۸ҵĴ󱦡

˵꣬˸ֱۣӾ뿪ˡ

ӣϸźüǽ֣񻪾;úЦ

Ҳ߰ɣȥˣҲ˶˵ɶˡ

һ·ߵʳǵʱҲûʲôҲû˵ԼĻҪ˵Ψһ쳣ЩۻԱ

ԭ˵ʱЩۻԱͷкֱӾӶˡ

ߵʵĵڣ񻪵ͷһ¨ӵʺϺ˵ͬ־鷳ϺǶбǶ

ڵĺʶҰģҶ壬ֲȥֻܵϽ͵¼۸˵ĲУ˦ӶԲꡣ

ǸָģʲôȱѪ򣬻к磬ȫװһ¨

ѵģ񻪽ӹۻԱװõıǣȥװϺһԾˣ԰ͬ־¨ʣͷִģΪɶװСֲʵģҸĲһļǮ

ۻԱҲǸɩԲǰЦеģڻŸĲͷ

񻪿װľִʵģԼϺˣȻɡ

ЩҪҪۻԱû˵

٣񻪲аˣǸһǮΪɶõʵģⶫȥӣ

һţƯСţͿʼˣ㣬ǲǾ᲻ʶʶɶиʣɶиʣ

ɶۻԱûƣˡ

㻹Ǿ۸һǮ˶ʵģ͸ҳϺҪҼǵûⶫֵǮǰչ涨ҪѲʵŽʵİɣøʲô˼Ŀ

ΧȫˣѨ˵Ŀܰѽ񻪸䴩

վıֱֱģ˵ĻҲֱ׳

һӲۻԱͷùӣѳϺڵϣָװʣڻĶϺ

Ǯ񻪲Ҫǰߡ

OO@@ģ˿ʼ˽ˡ

һͷ˹ˣȺȫ˵

ߣֿʼֹٻͷǲ˵

ֻϺʱʱҲˣ󲿷ۻԱûɫ

ߵϵĴڣŸ˵仰̲סҪˣ㣬Щզ£ҵ׸ɶ˾ֹ˵ûꣿ




20.     һȡĲ

Ҫ˵ϴ, ڽ񻪺أпһ߸˳ư, Ҫһ߸˵䣬ǽһ顣

̬Ҫ䵭ж䵭, Ƴ˽һۣûи, Ҳ֪æʲôǲ

, 룺, ɩ, ˸ѽǡ

أͻȻĨ, һ˦ţﻹ˵Ľţƽ, ˣѵûнȥܵ

˳ȥ, ԭƽ̨иɫƿӺܺ棬ʹչȥ

ţӻͷܹ, Ž񻪵Ȳ˵ˡ

Դ񻪵˵, Ժǳȥɲҿˣ㻹Сǲ˵㲻, ǻ˵ûн㡣

˵ǰ㿴ӶԹ̨Ķ棬ƽȥأͻȻͷˡ

֪ƽյԼ֣֮Ͱ͵ӣе㲻ˡ

ûʵʲôǹӺɫýȤۯضꣿ鷳һƿɣƽղſƿ

ѵһ£û˹Ǯˮһϻûж˵

˲ˣ񻪻صҾͿʼϺԼҪԵ緹ƴĶϺͳͳ֮ǰ̶˿ϸϸģӵһ㣬ٰѶϺڷ˿棬һͿԿʼϹˡ

ĸӱ񻪱ʣ׼ֱˮպ׳ԡ

ۯض꽴ÿӱ

ӱˢɾˮٷŵͣΪۯضﻹȶ꽴ˣ_һ£ӱ¹Ϳʼˡ

ںջ⺢ûԹκ÷ﲻԭĸĸԣ⻹ǵһŵôζǺһֱڰﰢĴ硣

ƽԺ޶ģԶԶżζܹˡ

֪УζҪܣ˵ȥƽȥڷ̺ͳ̼Ҫӣ˵һʢȥ

ҪҪ˵ΪллҸʱæɨģҪԺͲǼˡ

ƽһڳζ˸磬Ѿˡ

һܻӡ

ʱӱҲĲˣ˵Ҷӽȥͳ

ⶫĲ̣ҲУ·ҲУ񻪿ʱ仹磬˵Ұ͹ȥڼҴŵܵá

Ѭ۾ͨ죬ϴ۾أ͵˵ͷû˵

̵ıǣȥ˷һžͿͳվǽ棬ԼǱ߿

ɩӣǣһ졣

ЦеΣǳԸˬʣǰ˵ղͻȻƮһζǶ֪˭ҵģƽ˵һǲ֪ġ

һʼϵʱǶãһʮСŽĲܻˣζ㣬Ǳǣզô㣿

Լ̬ȸƽʱ֪࣬ԼҶˣЦ˵ⱴԭΪۯض꽴ⶫԺɫζǽһ㣬ҪԣͷҼһ˾֪ˡ

ھˣⶫڸʳˣͦģ׷һƿȥЦ˵

ȳζصûŶΣտڳԶС񻪰̶˵ϣк˵

ƽʱֻˮӱȻһַζζζϣ飬ֱղˡ

رϲԣྐྵƵģ⣬һͣ

˹˹˵Сû˵ԺҼҸڣӿզӴ

ǻ򵥣ҹҼҳԡһЦˣ첱Ӵֵġ

Ҽϳ»ǵ˵ңˡ˰֣˵ѧУ˼һһƯû˼ѰʦѧյĻ˵ڡ

ǳԵøˣˣ񻪲ſʼ˵¶ɩӣȥʳЩ˸ҵıӲǱӣ۾۾ģҼҼҲ˵ö˵ҵĻ˵ɶˣ

磬һۣǷῪˣʵǺö˵Ҫѳ´ԼҺû˻Ҫ̫̫ų´ϵ

üһɹģֱҪѽ˵ɳ˵ĸϻˡ

ûף˵콨߶ˣ㲻ϸҸȥ¶Ҷ֪ѺһʱֻǼ֪㲡˼죬˵ϳ´ֻҪϵƵã˿µӡء

кö˵Լܲýúҳˣȫ̫̫ӲҪӵϱؼҡ

˽ˣˣ־͹ֵʱԼֵû˾֪ˡ

ⲻԼҪԼˣڵϵɢҥԡ

Ҳ𣿡Цžһ䡣

ͳһҡͷ첡ҲܣҲദ˼죬֪㲻ˡ

ʪ͸˻ûܺúӣͲͳˣˣզҪ̫̫

лңɩӣҸɡ˵ǿӻǴӡ˰ɣΪ˳´һһƣܵǶȥˣҹûɣһԺӵǸԺԶ㣬Ҳûɣ

ûӴ˼⳥ˣƾɶ˼ҵĺӣҲŵͷ

ҪߣǸųԼ˵ģҴͷβû˵Ļ

ọ̈̄ڵԽԽ׵ҥԣ㵹һ˭ôȱ£洫ֻ

˵ţ˻ţ裬һ£е¶

ǲҪϲƽ޶ˣߡ

ǣߣҴȥԼ˵

һ·⺢ߣߵһսǵʱͻȻͣ£˸ƣý

㲻֪ɩӣǸСȢϱǸøĺҲǻˣԺҪǹӶǳ´

˵ǼҲУ㻹ߣ˵ҲǸ̫̫ȥͰ

ɲǣӣĵڶûãƵãҲϵˡ´˵ǽһί

ˣͻȻҪȥһҪܵļƣڱסˡ

Žһ·˼ңսŽ˵Ϊɶȥ\'

Ҫȥɶ̫̫Ҫ˰һЦ

ղ㶼ˣһֱ˵㻵ô

ǣŽС־ˣȳԷԸ̫̫а취

Ͳ˼죬̫̫ȻܰҥԴĵ϶ǣȻЩɩȫŲɡ

񻪾ãԼҪ취һȡ̫̫ϲл˵Ƿǵëˡ

ȡëǾһȡϼҵлȥ




21.  ҥڻ   ˭ٵлҾ̸ߡ

תϾҪһ, ҲҪˣԽԽææܽṤ, 㱨ɩǾ

һŲҪ, ҥң´Ҳ˵ԽԽ޼ɵˡ

Ϊɶأ

Ϊһüûг, ڼţҵļҲô, ´;, , Լˡ

˸ˣҲΪ潪żϻء

С, ɲôȥˣ㲻֪㴫ʲô𼱻ǵȰ˵, ǻģᶼżϻ, ͷϾȻ˸ݡ

ʲô񻪺ʡ

˵۸̫̫ڼ۸СΣһŮ˲ɻϴ·, ʲôӸСΡ

Ƥû̧ǰһҲϣһû˵, ҼҵĻ޼ڸɡ˵ˣƾʲôŮ˾͸õӸɻϴ·ŵʱ, Ҵӣ۵ʱٸɣ͸ôֵƾɶʲôŮĸɡ

Ͳô˵ȥԺڵϲˣˣڼﲻ´裬ɲǽ񻪵磬Ƕ֪̫̫ҥڵϻˣ˵ûӣҶˡ

İɩӣ˵֪ԽԽãô쵼QԽߣܵľԽ죬ſɡ񻪲˵

ʵ鲻ǷżĿȫ̵³ζȥˣȰ񻪸Լ

񻪵ʱô˵ģڳȥûκãѾĻ˵ٶ඼ᱻǽƱ磬ֻҪһʵʱһԼġ

ش󣬹󣬹ڳʰⳤͷ̫̫

ϣڴϣ޼磬ǳϦҹɶҸ

Ųһ׵ĵطо޼棬۾˵˾оͳһǰСѧʳóҹӡ

мأһȲ׷ˡ

޼ͦģһۣҲڣϵľٶڣͳһҹǸһԣʡǲڡ

ף˶ڣⲻǽһֱڵȴǸʱ

˼һôӣԺҪ˯أ޼˵ˡ

˵ǲǵʲôˣ

ҵ˭ǰͷˣʡ

ҲֻںڰУ޼ĿŻ䵽ϣʶ

˺һᣬ˵ˣüսѹң˵飬쵼ҲˣǲڼʲôҪɡ

ʵ޼˵ĻҪε㣬ѲһȦ·ɻмսѹ߹ļһޱͬӣ˵жӳԭǻĽ㣬ȢôƯϱ˭֪Ǹĸϻ̫׵ŮȢð

ǣ˵ų/ƵϵˣϽ˼ҴкٻؼҺúýһϱɡУһۻģڼҾʹϴϴ·ⶼԸɣƾɶɰȥú˵˵

˵սѣĶͷ˾˵СΣϱ˵Ҫ˵֪С޸ã̫ˣпȥŵǸ

ʲôǸӦøϱǸ޼ʱüϱû˵ߵĻΪʲôҪǸ

û취ûŰҶһЦһ޼Ѿϱͷӡ

ǵȻţ´ڵ϶ãҲ˶ãֻװ˵ʲôǶŵġ񻪲ѩ࣬˻ȥЦЦĿ޼ض磬ҲڼҸɻˣ

ˣϴô£޼̸ܿ

ˮһ̾ͺˣûˮȻϴ񻪷˸ŹǷ˵˯ɣһ¡

ҪҪҰæ

ҪԸ쵼˵һҪ̫̫ϻһͽʾͱˣΪСŪս顣

˵ţѾԺˣֻСèƵĿʼСࡣ

޼õģںڰӣ룬Ҳ̫ˣµеͷеⲻȥô죬񻪽¶

һһ뷨ʱôߣת۳ҹʱ͵ˡ

㣬տʼˣһȺͱżеĲˣ˱һ۲ˣԼƯƯģӴĸɸɾģͺŸԭСѧʳˡ

Դ֮󣬻ǵһ֪ԭСѧģʶ·ҪǸŴ󲿶Ӻߣһ׼Ҫ·ˡ

Ȼҹ˵ҪӣԽҲУöĺͶԼҵزҳʳԭĴһȾܿԡ

ԼزļǷһߦƤַһռߡ

ߣȥæȸʲôİɣЩҡͷɫ䵭˵æÿԼ߿ɡ

ұߣЩӵľɩǾ͸˲ͶƵģæÿѾˣԼҸضæɡ

ҪæֵòҪɻųԷһͷҲίͰ͵ĸԼߣԾ˵ҿǱԭдıҴֶòã

۾һǻѧ֣

ΪɶУ

Ƕ˵ֶûã桭˵ûϵʱк࣬ͷżνأǻĿøӰ

⣬ѧϰ֪ʶĺžǱν֡

˭˵ֶûãҿǿ˴ѧģҺӣôֶܴʶһ˵ˣ֪ʶ˲ױ֪Ϊʲôôֻ㸸׺ڵİְܿɻ𣿡ʡ

ǰİְ֣۾һ죬ҧͣ˶ȴڵӣû޳

񻪸˲۾˵ΪǶϹѧԲܴô汻ѡɻ˷ɻͷӢĵַ㿴զԲԣ

һ뵽ְ֣˸ˣҧ˵ԺȫǺֵķɻ˭ܿ

־ȥǣѧֶô

ԹԵģһǣһýǣ˽

ȶһ飬ۣޡ

С˵ˣ񻪰ķֵϡ

ԹӺʹ˶˼飬Ѿٵİ¼ˣָĳ֣ܾ׼ĵó𰸡

զϵóģǰ˽̹𣿡§Ž§űƵģʦ˭ϲĺӡ

ⲻ˳Ѿˣ˳ֵ֪Ķһñı顣

ƽҲ飬˴űǻãԼͳˣޣš

Ÿͷۣ̲סһ䡣

ۡƽСԴ˯ƵģϽ˵ͷֿʼ򵹣򵹣裬˭

ޡŽ˵̵ܵܱǹҲԳˡ

ƽСԹӲ̫˿ִˣקŸ粻֣ѧһβѧΣβΣβᣬ˸ýһһָ

ղŻڱ裬Ѿĥ޿

ڣƽı֮ǱʳõĴ߽öˣǶӪľ١

ǸŹ˲ᣬûмʱϻһӣˣھͿʼԷ˵ǸĸߴʮˣűʵС٣һЦţ߽æ˽ˡ

񻪻ͷһۣɷ˵˾ְλߵ쵼

ҶͿʼԽ

Щ˵ý񻪲Ӻͷǲܲ˳ԡ

ڶģ۲ڶģײڶģڣһһţպŵ{ҪôպŴףڴڴڵء

Χһ˵Ц˹ķΧ

һҧŨ֭һӣһ溮ʳзӯ죬˵ЦţЦųţҪж֡

˵ʵڼʮԺ󣬽񻪲ֹһεĻִһء

˷һȥѸٵڿյش˸̨ӡ

ǵһ֪Ҫɶ޼Ҫ

ᣬȥݽĿ޼Լ˵

Ӧ׼ģʷͳ㣬Ҳ˵û׼Ŀ

ֵģ˸ϣȥĸ裬˸Ҿ͵Ť裬´裬ɤȥһסΪʯ͡

Ὺ֣еˣ׼ȥ˯

֮ǰ޼˵һҪ㣬㻰Ͱ֮ǰʵʵ˵

Ů˭ԩģ

˶ӣ޼û˵һͷˮ˽˻ỹиʮ̣ĴŹԱߡ

񻪶һⲻϴθ´һ̫̫

ŮСȢϱѽ̵ʡ

ǵģ̡ԴüĿˣɹˡ

ţҶӾǸղŵһǸָ˸򣬽˳ȥ˾ѽ

ղɷĻ񻪾ԼѾ³ˣ쵼Լ˵¶ֱ˾֪ˣԼǸɶˡ

ʵҲû֮ǰ飬ֻʼͥ࣬ӵƤƤòôܲϰѽ

񻪶һһˣ˵³ϲ̫ϰߣ̻һЩԼļɡ

ߵʱ򣬽񻪿־˵찡̣һ˵еǺܴ顣

Ǳ̴ģǰ̫̫Լˡ

Ҳ˵Ժʲôģȥ֪۲ԺҲҪǶڼҽ⵺ѽ󲿷˶

֮Ҳˣ˾ȥ˵仰žǴٽú󱸹֮ġ

ֳ˺öӣ󲿷˶еˣڴǷأͻȻ˾ͻһת

˵˲ٴţָӲ˵ˡ

Լλˣ·´ʱ򣬾ͷֵԼء

Ӻ˵ɣҰĳָӲˡ

Ҳһ΢Ц̫̫ץʱЦЦˡ

˾˵䣬ҶΪͬһĿۼҪԴеͬ־һͬʡ

⣬еͬ־ҲŴԣúּ֧úúӣӰб

ڣûܽ䣿˵仰Ǿͽؼң

ѻȸ㿴ҿ㣬֪˵ɶ

ʱվ˳ⳡճ־õҥԣԼںǵԱҪиˡ

˾ȥ˵𣿡˵

֪Ϊɶ˾ͦӵģ˵ͷ룬䣬ҹưɡ

ϡϡлһȥʱ򻹿ټƲ졣

޼ļӦѾ֪ˣֻ˵£һ¶༸죬һﲻϵǰ˵ɷӺܵƤϲˣԺעǸ֡

˵ʱ򣬽񻪿ͷˣ⺢ӱ˵ţԼˡ

˶٣˵Ҹദʱ䣬ǶܹԣûһϲҴˣҷƢڣĺûбվ̿𣿡

ˢģͻȻվһƬöຢӶĿŽ񻪡

Ҳû뵽ô࣬˵£վ

ؾվСèֻһлһǴҵĽģʣģ㼸ΣΪɶ㣿

ΣΪȥ㣬١ʵͽ˵

䣬ƨĶӡ

ʵұߣ񻪰վĺӣ˵ĺӶ˸顣

һ£ΪʱСĴ۾

ҴܣΪϷ



кӶŵ˵˴ܵԭ򣬺нˣ߲״˵ġ

ߴ󱦿˵𾢣վ˵Ұɳƽһ¡

ǽҲҰϴβˤͷǽסҡ

ɳȥǽġ

ˣ̨µЩԼ룬˵ô

ö˶ͷˣ찡һ˲ʳá

ǵкö˶ԼҺ˵ˣҪֻԼҺӲ׼

˼ҺɶҲûɰȥȺöຢӶҪǶɶ

ЩҲ׷ֻҶӲҪٱܵ⣬ʣ˵ĻǶ˭˵ģ

̻ɩ˵ġ

ɩæһָӪ˵ġ

û˵Ƿ˵ġӪ˸Ͻ͡

ǵͨ죬ΪԭԽӡˣöθ߹첻Ҫ´˵ģ´üθңҴ󱦱ˣкöຢӶˡ

ԣҲ´˵

´Ҳ˵ˡ

Ҵ󱦸ղŲ˵ˣֻһΣ

𰸻𣿳´һֱڵ𣬵˵ƽ⼸עûгϢһܿࡣ

һʱ䣬㿴ңҿ㣬Ⱥҳ´ˡ

ҵʱ򣬳´֪²ãèһһģͷ׼š

˾ϵ˵

´벻Լôǰˣһޣǿ޲

ʣҪû´֮ǰԼĹŮ޸ɷ򣬵Ϊӣðۣߣһ

ֻ֪ǲ²һ䣬´͸β͵èһըˣѪҸ㣬Ҿ˵䣬˭뺦ˣ

µĿɴˣϵ鵲סûˡ

ţ˵䣬ǰ㵽˵ұϵ㲱ӣ׿˵İɣһһߵ´ǰӸµĿ˵һ𣿡

ֱ˺¡

ұ 㺦Ľˤ¶£ԺųҪߣڼҪϵߣ˵𣿡

һһ䣬ⳤƯƲ۵Сϱѳ´ʵĸ

³Ҳվ˵֤ϵҿ뿪Сؼ֮ǰû˵һó°뿪Ļֻ˵ҪǸԼҪٿǡ

һȦΧ³һͬ־ǣѡ˵࣬˭ôֻǣҥڻһҾǸӣЩ죬ҹʲôӣԺǱҥˣ͹ʲôӡ

һ£ʳȻ˺ܳʱľĬ˾ͷͻȻƣźö˶ʼˣ

ԱȸղŽ̨ʱϡϡεݶƷˣ

ҥڻ˵úãǻӣһúöĺӣҥԵ£Ŀȫǵӣҵ˵Ժ˭ڵϵлǷǣҾ̸ˣ˾࣬쳣˵

ڳ´裬亹ˮţڸģɫҰ׵ֽһ

ˣξٲϼңҲˡ

ųĬ˰죬ͻȻȥˣԲ֣ظǸһͻϼҡ

ҵıⲻߡ˵

֪˵ֻǸһϼҼĻȥƱǮ˭á

˵꣬ȥ֣µĸǸСһҲǸⶼĴԭ𣿡

޴ڿϲ˲֣ͻȻȥųһȭͷãֻҪҴԺ۸ҼƽҲˣ

һҹſʼĬŽںܶ˶һѵ

ϣݵĳ´˰ҹ˵èд£ƽŵ˿ӡ

û죬ָΪҪǳȥ

컹һҪ飬ڳ̻ϼң֮ǰǸԼӲܣ𣿡񻪸·Ц˵




22.  һ   һ֣񻪵͡

Ҫ, ӾǸ⣬ҪúڵϺʱºڶ, ҲҪȥ

ҲΪʲôȥĴͦ, ʼղţֻڵһĶֵػԭ

ǣ, ˳żսڷҡ

С, Ǹɶſ֯ë, һ˵

񻪰Ѽ˹ȥ, öණȫҽ컹ٳһ˵, ȥѰҡ

ɵģһС, ϰ첻ܣҪŻ궼˵, ڷȲ˼̫鷳Ҳܸ񻪼һ㸺

Ҽֱ˵һ, ɶҪü⼦ӳԲУ㿴ǣ֮ǰϼҲûʲô, һӪͷƻƵġ᲻˵

ʵͷˣȫӪ, ǵС־ܸоƤеֲڣָҲûһ㺢еС

˵ĺӶզӪ⣬ҪСһЩ

ȥһˣҲǿûʲôöǲһӪ

ⶼ£Ҫ鷳˼Ҿ͵ø㱨꣬˼ҿҲˣΪ˼ǷԼġ

ӷҴģҲʱ䣬첹壬ˣҪˡҴһһ֣ڰСǣ˵Ů

̺ˣ§˻ȥģϾͻҼһᣬòã

ǣֵͷ۰Ͱ͵İôĪãӾͳԼǣң

Ҳԭ𣿡ߵͷߣԶԶĿųҲŴСߴ󱦱´豧ڻҲ׼ˣͻȻ˵һ䡣

˭´裿񻪷Ż˽Ųͷ˵Ҳǿ󣬱ûԭ¡

ǰ꣬´赽ҥߵĶ˵ƵĸߣЩǼǸĨƽ

ߵͷߣųк˵СӵǸ

Ĩ˰´˵Ĳ鲻ԸкҲýͷ㿴ҴҲˣҲˣҲˣԺҶԶԶġ

߲ǳ´˶ӣӵˣ⵺ϰӶˣҪļβӻϼҡ

㲻ô˵裬ѽԺ˲¶ҵǸˡ񻪲̲˵

ô׼뿪ֻųкǣ˴

ڴͷ´λһ·ϻల¡

˰Ϊչ꣬޼Ľ͸Ʊˣ񻪾ʹźֱ硣

̷ޣÿϺһ֤岻޲ӣЩƷҲöһ㣬ѵóһˣҪðĶȫˡ

궫۰Ͱ͵Ŀ̷ۣһӵ龫ûǣƽ۰Ͱ͵ˣҲ̲סʣ裬𣿡

ôණۻԱѽ񻪵쵼ˣߵʱЦǽһ顣

˹ţ񻪲˵ǣ֪֮ǰǱƽ͵˶٣ٳȥС͸ˣݣҲĲ࣬𣿵ʱƽݾ͸ࡣ

һеʧҲеأûζͱܵܳԵĲˡ

ƽҲǸϽסԼ죬һ֡

񻪾úЦûǣҿԸȥóԵģҲĶ

·ģ񻪴Ӿͽ˹ԱߵӣҲûͷԣëԴָСĹԴ˷ǾڵСӱߡ

չֻ꣬һ˹Ҫܣۼֿץסһ£ġ

㿴ҼҺݳ㶫ȥǲƿƽͷ֣һǸСԲָ˻ȥϽѽ

⺢ǸƤȷʵݵˡ

һӻưͰ͵ɫͶס˽Ų˵ܣġ

µͣ׻үҲԸⷷһЩȽϡĶ˵⡣

ҪԷΪΪܶ˼Բͣʱһ˵ȡ

ڰڽǰһķ⣬⻹˵

ﻹһͰͣҪԵ·ݵġ

Ұɣҿǻɶ۾һ⣬ͿǵүиƤװźöԲĹӡ

ƻҪҪүѹʡ

ģֻҪ֣񻪵ͿʼҺˡ

Ǯ

 һ˽Ǯү˼ָͷ

ü˵̫˰ɣˡ

Ǳ߽ˮһ·ģûΰӵĴסȥ˵󲻹󣿡

һǱ߽ģϱӽǿɳԹٹӣǮɣõģƤĲҪ

˵أӶ԰һ£ͻȻر֣ö˶ʼһܡ

ЩүҲ飬Ӷ԰жֱŽºӵ̣Щߣ쳤˲Ӷ԰

Ǳ߱ȵϹ껹Ҫ֣ҶΧſֲҿ͸ӵµȺ˸˵͵Ŀռ䡣

źӶ԰ľ󣬽񻪼ֱľˡ

һˣ۾һǸ֪ʶӣʱһһҵļŸ첲ͷҲţǿͷڵϣƨɾţϹһӡ

ɻĵүɫеף˵һ䡣

Ȼ԰Ǹڸˡ䶷

Ҳе㺦£ǣ֣ĸһ

ػһӣеףһԴһȥǸү֪Ϊɶ

ǵүҡҡͷʱ򣬶һŴߵĵү˵Ǹѧڣǰ˵Ҫţ·֮ǰҪ˶˵Ϊ˺ö飬Ƕľɡ

ϢմǼҾ̰ӳȥˣյĶˣ⻹öࡣǵүӱקƤ

һҲû뵽ߵʽѾôϾˣҪ߰꣬ѵľһܳˣ

裬ǻȥɡƵ˵

Уǻȥ

Ӷ԰ѾˣһȺܵ˰ϣǶʰ׼ء

ȵȣղƤҿ𣿡סһү

Ҫ˸ɶԷɵ˵

ֱװ˴ֲʶһֱ㶵˵ȥ޲ƨɰҶӲƨ˺ܲƨɣ

У㿴ɡ

˵ţƤ

һ棬һӾЩϾɵ鱾¥Σˮ䰴֮ĴкܶǸڵıʼǣеֽѾˣӦڼҲ˺ܳʱ䡣

ôıʼǣ˼ʮѪ

ûҪЩĴָűʼ˵Щø

⣬Щհ׵ĸֽҲһˡ

̫ңҲźϹ䣬ϽŴ˵ϡ

صңԺһСӣֱӰʣ˳׼ȥ찲ԷأͳЯţ͸ʲôƵĽš




23.  һ   ѹ˸˴ƨƨ

СС, ˵¶𣿡һžȲ˵

ͷƤһ˵ɩӣӲŸմӵϹ, 뵷лͲҪҲ̸ǻؼҰ

ϽŰԷ, ﻹ˵Ҳɩ, ˵ˣ˵˼лġ

ⲻл, ˵쵼Ѿ, Ϊ, ѧ˵

˵ʱ򣬼Ӿ̽ͷ̽Ե, ֻǽзҵĹ죬ҵĹ

ϵľٻǴڵѡιľ, Ͳ࣬ӵ͵ȻҲ, Ǻ͡

ȥ˵ɣúˣȥѧŷ, ѷ˼ӡ

ݣµ˵ǵиպ˼, ǰ˸Ů˲Ŵ, ޲ö㵽ȥĴ򡣡

Ů񻪾÷ˣҲ̫˰ɣŮͲԼĺˣҪţ

˭˵ǣҪŮûҪҰп˵Ǿ쵼ˣ׼ٴţ˲ͣˣҪǵðŴɡ

Ҽϳ»˵ˣ쵼רſ˻ᣬòһɲţŮ¶ҸоܸĹ٣ÿŮģǿ𡣡

һ˵꣬ѵһŽˡ

񻪻أѵǳˣ

ȥһڳһڲСкСкűȽ꣬һƻһţһ߷ĸ˺

Ƚߵطʱ򣬽һɨкƻݵϣߣ͵Ǽҵƻ

˭ҵģƻǰǸСк

Ск˵ֻƵԶˡ

٣˾ܣܲʹ򣬴򲻹ܣ

Сĺӣղϵʱˡҡͷ˵æûչԼĺӣЩϲ˼ҵĶ

ֿۣٵͷһƽӿƻˣˮֱ

ðɣһƻгɰ˿飬ųԡ

ƻ𰡣ã˵أƽ˽˲ιƵģһ¾˶ӣѽŶҪƨ

ԥĵͷϻŸӣһһĹƻóԡ

ῴһĻ͸̾˵ǰãǼңҪǻ˼ңƻԣ

⻰զզϻָ޼¡

ţ쵼Ҳ˵ˣģҲ㶯һָͷ޼ջɵĻˮҪȫϴġ

һЦ㡣

ϱ³ܵʱ޼Ҳ֣ôܼұ

ǿ˱ӳյӢüǽһ棬̲ס뿪ЦǺأֲģ᲻ᷢƢʱʹӣ

޼һ㵵̧ͷǱ̵˽ָͷͲûˣһܴһָͷܶ񻪣ӣ

Ȼڹҽأ˭Ҹ˭ƴ

һתںıڿһ˦񻪱ɷ͵͵ľЦˣʱôôղɫˡ

Լѣһְָϴ

һ裬ڵˮк½ƵģˣΧһɫӣǱõġ

޼ϴ裬񻪾Ӧˮ

˸һƿӣޣɫͱˡ

磬㲻˵ôˣ

ƽһһ飬¶·ƤúõģȫˣǱ˴һ٣

޼ãһۣüëˣѹŷŭҴģƽô£

ƽˮûûε˵Ϸҵѽϱء

ĸ첲һüһϵģһ顣

⵽զ£񻪼ֱҪˣ´ѾˣϾ͹ˣôϾȻô˺ۣҿϵĳ̶ȣǽģ

磬ȸϴ裬ȥ

ŭ⡣

صСңÿӣллأְףһЩԳ̱죬ûˡ

ȫϴ裬Сʺզ¡

ƽ˵񻪲ͷֱӵ˼û۵ˡ

Ϸѽƽ˵ǣ۾ôġҲ֣⺢СԲ۾峺ĸС¹۾һ˵ɶɶ޷ɡ

ȥ࣬˵أ

⺢Ӵ˵ģ޼һۣ־ó裬ȷʵϷ

ҳȥɣ˵޼վߣӻûнԼֱʡ

ɷȥˣ񻪲˵ڰְˣ˵˵

Ϸȭͷ߬ͷˡ

صңɷ˫ֲſ㶵صĿŴ⣬Σ˵Ҹ㡣

ɣҪܳȥ棬ҸȥɶϷܰѺӴ

񻪣ˡ

ƶˣһڴϣһоϣ޼ͻȻðһ䡣

ʱ䣬ʡǺͰƴǱ߾ͿҪлظ񻪾ǲǱ߷޼ͻȻ֪ˡ



ڶ磬СԺﴶһ֬ζӳƮ˭·Ҫһڣӿĭ

Сμɶأô㣿һ߲ˡ

ʵڰͣгССģŵˮȰˮİˣٰѷ͸եˮֵҪ

׼ǹԣͿƽֵһǰһһƵľˡ

ɩӣҼҵˣ߳СԺ񻪾ʡ

ǱߣǸϷȥˡ

·ָ˸

˳źָķ򣬽׷˹ȥҪߵǰʱͷŲ˸ݶ壬ôĵĿ

ǱΧżҰһĺӣΪɶ˵ҰΪǴģһǽϣеװͰ͵·ÿһˡ

ƽıQQܹȥﻹں磬ȥСʯͷ

û˵꣬ǼӾƽסˣӴⲻǶƽ𣬽ǻӵϷ㲻棿

Ҳ뵱ˣҲ뵱·ƽ߬½ǣ˵

뵱·ƾɶ㳤øôһͻȻ־ƽһѣְݣӵɣ㳤ôߵʱ򣬾㵱·ȵӣвУ

źһЦӣžƭ˰ƽɵˣһ˼˵ԺҲܵ·̵ͷѽ

ҹӡǼ˵

˵ţǾתȥһˣҪˡ

ƽûüˣͱץ˸ţͻȻƽѹžһٴ̶ӡ

͸ں棬ܱܵ۾ˣȭͷȥˡ

ȺӺüأֵҪ̫ףֱ˾Ͱѽסˣһȭһȭϡ

һߺţСӿСӿһ߰ƽĿӣֱһһµĴźƨɡ

Ƕֵʱܹȥˣܵӻǰ˲ٴ

ŭڣ񻪸оԼʱֱøҿһľżӵƨһһ£ȫɢˡ

ٶ֣ٶһƨɣƽվվҺ档񻪺˵

ٶһΪ׵ǸӾȻе죬Լ͵˸ƻֵǸк

ǾòˬûԵƻ֣ˣ

ò㶯ִˣŴ˹ӣҪʣǴҶӼ£Ҿͻ

ԺҿǶֱ֣ҵǼȥ

˵һĺӶ߳İɣ⼸Ӽֱ¿ˮ̣ûԼˣЦ˵ְСǸӡ

ֺףӣ

ӾͳǱӣȫ˸⡣

Щ˻ᱨǵġǣ֣˳Ƶġ

ұҾҵǼҡ񻪵ŭƽϢˣŽ˵Ϊ±Ͳ˵˭

衣

ľҪӣƽ֪ҸֶۣڸһؼҩǣͰ͵С񻪼ֱΣ

صңȸú컨Ͱ࿪ˣٶƽһóԵģ̲ˣš

Сһ̰ԣ治֪ôźá

޼æûؼң񻪾ûҵ˵¶ڶ죬µˡ

裬裬ߴ󱦴ˣǵ·¿ˮءƽյܽ״

̳ţֻܿǼӣлиߴ󱦣˦ŷƨҲڸܣЦǽһ찡

أ

ѾһԲĳ·Ҫؼϴˣùһ·°ȷʵ˿ˮ

ЩӶ˭ҵģֱӾʽ

ҵģֻиߴǸڵġ޺޵˵

񻪶Զķߣ뵽һЩĶ

ûѧУЩѧУܽĺӣ͸Ƶĳˣֲ֪ܣֲ֪òԺҪԽԽҰ

õİ취ǽѧУиط˩ԼţҪǴ˲ԣ۸˸ԣ

˼ǣӵֻؼˣȻؼңʱǳע㣬취¶ˡ

ô취쵼Сѧ°Щȥѧ

緹ʱ񻪾룬¶Ӧ˭˼ȥһˡ

һȥʳʱϵ˵ڵиҪõѳʦǳʦӦ֪¶˭ˡ

磬һͺ񻪾ͶȥҴˣʳʦסַ

㣬ڼ𣿡κ÷СԺӣһ˶ûУ񻪼ߣҰ˵ͣ

ϵķӶͳһĲ֣˳ԣݣȫûУ׼أͻȻСﴫһʹ롣

㣬ôˣͽСң񻪸һ

κ÷͵ڵϣţ˫Ŷӣʹһֱð亹

죬һѡκ÷֣۵û˵ˡ

񻪸Ͻǰ˷˴ϣˣģϽȥҽԺɣʵڲУȥԺҲ԰

ȥ˲ܡκ÷۳ﶼûһû

üˣôţҸҵˮԺ󿴿ܲܺõ㡣

˵ţȥ˸ůˮһڵˮڱκ÷

˲̣ǿ˴Ϳʼࡣ

㰡ô̵ˮðƤ̵񻪸Ͻ˵

κ÷۵û˵ֻһһĺˮһˮ˶ӣŻָ˵㾫񣬡զզģëˣʲô£ˣҸɶ

û£ҪҪȥԺõҩͦذе㵣ġ

û뵽κ÷ˣ˵û¾û£զţҸɶ

Լ⣬񻪻˵ɶָָ棬˵ͻˣʳʦļģ

ɶ

еһ£ûʲô¡񻪺˵

Ӹʳſڵ·ǰߣڶգſֵľҡκ÷˵ȥûɶ¡

ָ˱ˮȥҳʦ

·ϵʱأֵ˼ңһ֮һıӳҪ˽ޣ

üһʦǸֺרԼˢĺġ

ϻûʲô˼һŵģ˾ֱźţʦڼ𣿡

˭иʮҵŮ˳ĿŽ񻪡

κ÷ĵϱ񻪣е¶ȥ˵𣿡Ц˵

ʦһֵĿ˲˵ɡ

ûиȦӣżɽʦʣ⵺ԭСѧģôھͲˣ

ʦ鵭ģҪ˵ԭСѧҺУȫΪָԭ·ˣУҲˣ˵صѧУ

ɵЩ棬ܶŹԺ񲻶ĺˡü˵

˼ǣʦƿƤĿ˶Сϱϣζ

ʵϵʡʦѧϧһͣˣ룬ǲǿ쵼ڵϰѧУ°ҲЩѧѧ֪ʶܽҲʲô֪۸˵ʲôٵ顣

⻰óʦĿ࿴ˣΪɲǴѧǺרҵҪ֪ʶԶԶȲѧġ

˿̻һ˵ĿǣȰŽ񻪣ǲĺ۸ˣҸɣϿΣ¿ϿΣЩ˸ȥ

һ㣬ѧУˣ̲ķЩǿϽ𣿱˵ЩϵǣϽûйʣûпαѧУѽֱΡʦҡͷ˵

ԳʦԼκϣȰ񻪷ˡ

˰죬ˡ

԰ɣһأЩҲһÿǱôģ̳ܽһҲһ˵أ

ɵѽʦԴ˲κϣģ˵ɰɣҳκ⣬Ǿ仰⵺ϵĺӾǵϿΣҲǣͷ¿

ͬΪı񻪲ûΪⷬؽѧУ뷨ԽԽж־ˡ

ΪģΪѧУؽܶһݹʣƽֵԺҲٲҪ˰˿ӣƨƨ




24.  ⡾һ   ϷĻƻŮ

ӳʦҳ, 񻪾˳·ȥһ˸ʳ츱ʳţ̴򣬳֮, ˲ٵ⡣

Ｘϲ˵һϴҹԵһֱˮ, 񻪾͸һ룬ؼ, ⣬ִ˵ţ̡

˼, Ƥڹһ, ̵, гСŵﳴ ͶԳ, Ÿָĵϣˮ, ѵϵζȥ

ΪǻʱϳʱҲһ֮

ļӶӶ, ְţ̸ˣ˵ǣ, һζŨĸӲԡ

Լ, ཹཱུľͺ˰룬͵ǰ, ԣ

ӴСŮˮɵĴ۾Сͷ컹˺ܶϸͷôôء

費ԣԼ˺òã̹һڣȥѸнǻ̡

ƻϴгɰ˰˭Ծһ飬ϴĿհ׸ֽ񻪾Ϳʼˡ

ڼˣһ£ģϵǮر졣

Ͳ˵ԳԺȺˣЩûǮؼһ˴·ЬҪϣճƷҲҪǮ⣬ȫҲӪҪѧķá

Ǹ׵ĸ󲿷Ǳˣ˶֪ȥġ

޼ĹڵѾܸˣҪӣҹϴѧеѡ

˼ȥ񻪻Ǿ쵼°ѧУǶԵϵˣǶԼǺкôġ

٣ں׬ǮҲӵһݹһ£ֻڼҴϴ·Ǳﻵˡ

ֱ৵дţҲ˼ţҪؽѧУȻܿ˵ؼǵÿʵжҪһǣҪõϵ쵼֪ؽѧУЩǣڲжҪ 

أе¶Ц߸˵Ľţ滹һĺӡ

ƽиҵĹ͹

磬ţ̺𣬺úȡŴ½ǣһĸָš

񻪹û˵뿴ƽ᲻СС˼ңźóԵģֻԼˣСԡ

˭֪ĺأԼ˰룬ţ̵ݸ˹죬ƽҲǷ˰ҵĹĸӲ죬ĳƻ

ЦЦֵͷȥдֶͻȻһƻߡ

̧ͷһĶֽϵֶ裬ƻ

꣬һҧһ룬ͻ˵ֶô

ֶԼ˵ˡ

Сʣһյһ֦ĸŵΧţһÿˡ

ȽʲôأȽǵ֣Ժ󳤴ˣܲԼֶʶҲдɣЦе˵

ƽģرľͿʼˡ

ǾȽƽ֣ƽдһ֣Ǿ͸Ŷһ飬ٸǽһôд

ſأΧΧȹͽˣСΡ

УڳԼþˡͷҲ̧˵

γͣ˽Ųһϡ˵ڸɶӶΧǣɺˡ

ϿأдԼ֡

Сֶ

ֿɶƽ̰ظͦø߸ߵġ

񻪲԰ڣҲǺܶǿԵġ

ǻУдˡ˵ͷһͬ˵Ҫ˵ҲֻҪдԼ־͹ǳȥ˳ԷҲòֶ˵Ͷţ飬ǰЩ֪ʶɶôڲǳ˳Ͼš

Ҽҹ찡ҲҪж֪ʶϵԼ֣Ժȥͷãء\"

ǵϴ󲿷˵˼ˣ鲻Ҫ࣬ʶԼ־Уˣ¸˴ɳϾѽ

ɩӣҲΪ˳ԱǶò֪ʲôΪʲôΪ̧ͷ˵ĸ档

Ҫһ仰ܶҡЩ˼룬Ҳܡ

ЦЦιˣӻСԸѧ־ѧν顣

Ȱĸӵֽ꣬ҲˣζƮԺӡ

֮ǰ֣ô͹ѧϰһǶͣʱЦá

һ˳⣬ؼҳȥòã

СŴͣ⣬˵˾лл̣͵ߵߵԶˡ

޼ʱ񻪻ڸֽдأʱˣзвˣ˳ǾͿԿˡ

޼Ųһգ˳һðζ˱ǵĺƽҲȲİÿӶ˷롣

һںҧȥȫ˶̾һ

Ѿڼˣ˿˿ζһ

⣬һڷһڳĴˣƽԵĺ޲Ҫ޳զôãŷǳԺóԵġ

˷޼ͻȻӿڴƿһţ˵ӣ񻪵۾ˡ

ҹͷģϽùֱǰ֡

淢ģԡ

񻪶ɷͻȻ֣ôһ˲䣬ᰡ

Ҳֻһ˲̾վʼʰ꣬׼ϴˡ

ˣ£˵ҸۼҵļϿΣô񻪸˳űʡ

ʲôΣ޼ͷƤһ񻪲ǴţҪϵĺӹʲô˼ɣ

ֶ㷴ӦôôѧѧԼ֣֪ʶǶòôһЦ

ͦãѧ㶫Ǻ¡޼˿˵̣ϴ·

ϵˮ׼ϴ·ȥߵſڵʱ򣬽ͻȻ֣˹ġ

޼ͣһ㵵Ŀӣӣľ񱻵ϷĻƻŮˡ

Цˣ۵һһЦţһ߻ݡ

ӻŻҹͷˮ̾˵ǲҪһҸְֵģһޣ˭ѧдԼ֣˭ͿԳһ飬òã㣬Գԡ

߽񻪿ʼ̺ˣ޼ȫ˻ϴ·ȥˮҪˮϴ·

һˣͻȻһȺŮѵĵطͺñɮŮǽһΡ

ǿЦˣɶЦģСϱؼҰϱϴ·զҲЦŵģ޼˵˾仰˵Сⲻڲ֣ڼҽ̺ء

ЦЦզⲻĽǼҵˣмϱɼģС˸ðɩҲ˵

һתӻؼҵʱҲˣҪ˵СˣҲе̫᲻ˣֶɶãװ˷ʱ䡣




25.  Լ¡һ   㻹ִˣ衭

, 뷨ɲһľɩУǾ󲿷ֶ뷨

Դ˽֪һѹں, ٹ꣬ǳ, ĸ￪ˣǷԼҺӵѧϰѾϲ˼ҴСѧ, ŴţʹźûԼҺѧϰġ

û뵽, ڶ콪Ҫֶ̼ʱ, ֻйˡ

, һֱһ𣿡СͲ࣬ߵĶһġ

Ʋ˵, ˵Ǿûõģڷܣ첻ˡ

һ, ˵ǲ, Ǽѧѧ˭

˵

˲ǺҲй, Ҵк󡣡

󣿡

񻪻ǵãϱӺǽõѣһֱչƽ, ȥ̽ء

ѧ֡˵

ƽʣµӶͦѧ֮ܳȥ, ֻƽҪһԱЬӣһʱʱָѧϰ

һһ˫ЬѾȥˣƽĻš

쵽ʱ򣬹ͻȻͷ󺹵̣ܳߣ˴ˣ

ϵĻ񻪸š

أ˭ˣ񻪾ʡ

ָűߣ㵸ģղǴˮƯ׳ѽЬӸˡ

׳˭һ£ûнֵĺӣ˵ǵС

ʱּЦ⵺ϵĺôӵһ˫Ьֻ˵㻨մŰͱˡ

׳ıı֮ǰ͵ƻøߴ󱦴ţ·¿ˮǸˡ

½ˣǸֺݵĺӣĽѾӿɱȽģҪЬӸɶѵǵ״

Źһ·ܵطһ׳ѹڵϴأķ˺ݣһȭһ

㻹ҲҴҵܵܣ

Ҳҳ¿ˮ

Ьԣ

˵Ҳң

׳ĵܣں׷ֻƵģӶŵܹˡ

⺢ҲӲĵܣȻɿڡ

ˣǵñ֮ǰĳ𣬽ǰ˵ˣһؼңѵõϵľã㰮ˣ

ǺһС飬񻪿ˣ׼׳ˡ

һСûЦ

һС飬׳ȴǽʵʵèۣӻѪһģãǴţֿɺޣֿ

񻪵ߵĻ˵ˣ˰֣ˣҲؼҰɣԺ밤ᣬͲҪ۸ˣġ

ǺӰȾܣ֮ǰ޺޵ģء

ȭͷһ۾ŵˤһͷ

ˣҲˣǲǸøؼˣ֡

˼ң¶һͷý񻪸ҩһԵġ

ǲǾҪ㣬ߴ㣬Ϊ㲻ôˣ˵

û˵дλεĸ֣զ֪

ⰴһ˿ڣ۵죬ü˵˵𣿡

ҡͷҵЬӣˡ

ţΪ׳Ǻӵʵ̫ˣԩ޳ģȴһֱץԼһҲš

ɣԼ£Ժȶִ㣬ͿԻ֣ҲֻҪû취ˡҪǱûжֻ֣˵˵ǾҲ죬֡˵

һҰأæʡ

Ǯȶ֣Ҳǻá̱ʾ

óʱû˵ǽһӰ裬á

ˣϽ·ϴһϴһҡĺ󱳣Сĵƨɣ

СӽˣرǿŮʶͽ񻪴Űϲʱ῿ġ

裬ϲܹģԶҴ˵

߰ɣĻСģʡ

ꡣ

ףСѾͷѧԼƨˣиֵϰߣҪԱ߰æֽ

񻪾оԼǹŴϷүźСŮ

ⲻϷү˲ԼƨƨϿӣֿʼˡ

⺢ӵСһ£ÿ챧źǻţŲڼ˵ʱŵö

ǰQͻȻͣСԼţһͣ£

ô˰𣿡һӽˡ

˵ãòͷˣϵʭȴûгɾҧֻȾ飿

ͷѲӸ迴

·һۣллأҲʭӣӲһƬС񣬱ӵĺġ

ΪûӣҲû飬һʱò׼ӻʪԱ߶ӵģⲻǣŰȥˡ

ɩӣ֪ǵϵԺ𣿡񻪽žʡ

ҲЬӣͷ룬̧ͷʱһȣﲻˬ죬ˣ

Ϻ˶һֱ񻪰Ѱߣƿ·

һۣͽöˣʪ캣˳꣬Щ岻õ޾ͰⶫҼҹҲˡ

ҩ𣿻ҪȥԺ䣿æʣܲúӾôȥǵƤɡ

ԺͲȥˣǰĸҽˣ˸СĻԶԶģʹﴫˣſߣԽԽҼиҽҩ࣬ͿϾܺãҸͿҲҪúӶɹɹ̫Ҫڼ

ҵԸţӵСҳȥӵ죬Ĩҩ࣬ѾͷҲ۸ˡ

ɩӣһм㡣

ɶ¶һСʣָ棬˵ҼҲô

񻪾ˣ§ŰʣҿԭѧУģ˵ΪûʦͲˣ֪ĸ쵼¶𣿡

ӳʦ֮󣬽ϸ룬ͻȻ¶Լѽ

֪ĸ쵼¶ΪʲôǵʳʦϵЩӦҲ֪ġ

һЦ˵զ㻹⼸ϴѧ

ȲܣЩִҰҪѧУѧòҼҰ͸ҷųȥɹɹ̫Ҳ±۸𣿡

˵ҲеûʱϼҲСѧгеģЩѧ˵ѧ֪һϾôĵطܲڼΧǽɣǾܵǵĺһ棬۵ĺӶҰ˲١

Ҫ˵˭¶ֻǵ³Ρ

񻪻һ£ǲǹܺڵ³Σ

ԣ˼ҹܵĶأӺڣϵ飬һɶͷ˵³ھûдҲȥҪ˵˵

˭񻪲ʡ

ɩӣסǼߵǼңҲڸʳϰ࣬ɻģûУָ˸

ӦǿҲ˳ǷȥţǲҪȥɩӣ˵˵¶

ϾɹϵĹʣԼδ᲻۸ܲܵõĽ




26.  ±桾   еĺӣ

˸к, ִŰص˼

ʡ

ҡͷ

ҩ໹, ЧͼӰ

Ѿǳ緹ʱ򣬽񻪾ʹ, ڼҳ緹̫ȥ, ͳȥʳ˵Ĺ򣬸˵˵, һ¶

ɶأʪ, ǲ嵭Ķ, ҼһŷӺ庢ӳԷ

ʱ򣬾͵Ķȥȥʪ

ﻹͲ, רͷ˲ġ

룬Ȱѽлջ, չˮͷֱӷŽˮĵ㽪ȥ, Сѹ趼ʱÿһ, һڿ⣬һڹ裬ӡ

, ɶƽ׸ӣš

棬˵, ͷզ

ǹͷӰһ¶ɫˣеˡ

⼸Сƨû޼֮ǰϼҳԵǽɶͷͣ񻪵Ͷιһ£Ȼͷˡ

ͷúȣҰȣƽҲŸСƨɰæջأһϴ룬һæۣæͷ϶Ǻ

ƽϴ룬ȥ棬ԼһȥȰƽȥʽԹͷɶ

ͣһֱڳԶ꽴ǸҲԡ

ˣҽҲζġһЦ˵ŹȥϷߣܣΪ˸һζķ

𣿡ڵһºˣͷؽȥ

Сһ磬ſϸһڣһڹɶģ춼

ɲǣ죬ЬˣɲңԱģզ˵

Ск죬ӵĿ˽һۡ

һֱۣᰡ

ԾϺܺãһֱڵԼ¸ĸߵİɣ

žһ˦һɵž˦һ⻬ţʪ˵ԺҪǷˣóԵģ֤㲻ٶű˼ҵķˮ

һ±棬ǰѩ׵Ĺͷֻ˵εζ±ӿǴͷ

񻪰Ѽʣµ廨г˶ȷŽԳٰͣгĸŽȥһ±ӺóԵĹؼ

гĸ͹﷭ڣζȫĸúǺܳȥʪ

ըҲʱζʱ䳤ˣֿζȿҪը͸ʱˢһ£Ѽʣµ߲гɶȥ£ˮͿʼˡ

ⶫʼ֮ζֱƮأڳˣź棬ųҪ׳͵ȥ

ȰȰֻԼ˳

һԺüһ㱻Ժǽˢˢðͷһ

ߵԺǽȫðСһĶͣ۾ðŹ⣬͸ǻҰϵƵģ񻪶ǽųԡ

һۿȥЩֶˢˢˣһʣ

ܣסڸڵĺܲѽؼҪԶˣҲܵԺǽţҲûɶϡĶզСôóԡ

˹죬趼˼ȥʣۼҲҲĶӱԲԣֻȰ˵

Ͱ͵ĳ¹죬һӱһŸڵζһ߳Էء

סԱߵĹҲҪԶ㻹ڸֿĲЬأϸӵƨ˸İơ

Ҫ˵Ǹߴ󱦣豻̸ˣֻϼңЩ˵ϵ񣬸Ǯ˼ң˼ҼԷ

˼ҺҲ׵úܣۿһȦԺ۴ţްڵķզôأ

ӵĽ֮רŶŷ룬ֽƽֵſһףͿʼˡ

ͨʳҲǸʳ򵽵ģٳɽ亣ζʵζ

һٺһֱҪԺСȫˣ

ⲻ緹׼ź˯һᣬȥһѧУ顣

˭֪հƽͰ˯ˣſһһ

ˡ룬ģڼ˯˭ܵԼˡ

һţſվɩһЦݵˡ

ɩӣǣ񻪳˵ʲô𣿡

ûɶ¶С㰡һֳգǼҺӶû˼˯ˣţķզôóԵģΪ׵ľɩЦ˵

ֻһµİӭ˽ӶȥڷҽʣϷᣬһɩˢˢԺ졣

ȻģҲ˽ֱӰԼķ˵˳

һɩ˵Ҳûɶϡİզôóԣ

Ц

򵥣ǻ򣬵ϵİնǸģϱӿһֳմӰ̯ʼҵ˰ٻ㳡û㿴ұ죿

ɩҲȫΪ˴˵ġ

һˣҲû棬ҲզϤǶʱ仹˳´Ĺ˼ҸˣԴҹ˵֮󣬼զզ

˼ȥûǶԲ㣬ⲻŸкȥԺɶ¶ֱȥǣҶԵ֡һɩЦ˵

񻪸ǲ̫Ϥмиͣһһĸ񻪽Щɩֱ˭ҵģӶɶղ

ǰǻãᣬ˵һȥ˭֪ô̸ô˵ҥԺˡ

ɩɶЦʡ

СѾ衣һ䡣

˵û̫ӡ󣬱Ͼȥʳɻ

Ҫ˵СѾˣСŮɰأܹҰ档

㲻̤ЬٴȫѹˣûȥɩԼˡ

С㲻˵ѧУ𣿡һȣˡ

棬ʲôѧУ飿

񻪾˵ѧУˣɩ˵ôຢӣӦѧУѧϰܷͣ棬۸˲ˬ¿ˮ˵໰ʱ䳤ˣЩӻʲôӰ

˵ЩǼ³Ҳ쵼иһĿǡ̾˿ʦǵһŵҪˣҲٰ

پǽ̲ģڵĿα֪ʶ٣¼࣬˵ãǵϣľǰȵģ˭ڵָⲻ͸ˡ

˵ţ˹ֽС˵裬Ҫϲ

ߣȥ

ôϴ֣ӣȫŪɾƨɣȥ˯

Ž˵ʵ˵ҲҶȥϿΣСǲǹҵĶҪѧϰ֪ʶԺгϢ

ף񻪾òˣŮСѾҲѧͣզһֲأ




27.  ֡   ɸˡ

ҪѧУ, СѾʶȷһ£, ǲеŮ

ҲһڴĿı鿴, 񻪵ĵһӡͦģƯ, ò˵ʱ, ˺ܺθڰ

񻪻û˵, ܽСҵİС־˹, ˮ顣

֮ǰӪ㣬е, Ƕůʱ򣬰еˡ

ֻҪ, ҪɾƯƯСŮб顣

ʱӹС־, ˣָˮ˵ԼŽˮ, һϴòã

ͷݹһСӣŽ, һڣ˻ȥ

ɩҲйŮһĻʶĶЦ, ƯɵСŮ

ʶüͷе㲻ͬ˼

ӣҷһ꣬񻪽˵ҪѧУˣСѾȥȥѧҿСѾҼҰ󣬵ʱӻͬһ༶ء

Ůʲôѧǲķʣ˳˵С㳤ʮ꣬Ȱһ䣬ѽڼͶ󣬸ϽСԼĺӣѽ

⻰ô˵Цݵ˺ܶ࣬뻹ǣŮֻѧСѾûȥѧУ

˵⼸Ӳż꣬ϽԼĺӣ˲Ųᱻ۸̫ݰ

ҪöˣǼӾˣҪ۸ģɱŰþͱ˼ҵĺӣԼԺǺӾȻС˵ɲɺޡ

ҪǰòѾ˵ˣҼҲҶԼģһ

ȫһĶģզ˵զģһ仰˵ĲþҪǺ㣬ⱧһһȫǰǡͽУԼ۹⣬ˡ

ҪøϽ׷ӣŮܸɶģ޳ȥǱ˼ҵģӣҾ͵þ󡣡Խ˵Խˡ

ЦѾȫʧˡ

ԱߵļɩɫԾϽ˵㣬˼СԼĴ㣬ʲôҰ

զˣΪСͬ־ãҪǿ˺ãҶȰȫǰǣֲû֪񻪲죬ԼɵѺͿ˵ľˡ

˵أѵľͿˣ߽ƽҲˣ۾ܳ۵һֱӾſˣ裬ҲܵܣҪңҲ˵ģ

⵹û˵ƽƣӶֵģкƭ˵еȱӣ˴Ķࡣ

費ģڻȥѿӴáŭ˵Ҳȥܵôһ·

Ȼ᲻ҪǶкԺдϢģŮ޲ûáԼǿƽ˵

㣬⻰ô˵ԼϲŮСҲϲ˼һӸõúܣͱˣñĺӲã⼸Ҳã˵ɡɩҲŮ˵ôһѣҲģϽȰ˵

˵ɶˣһֱ׳

˵̲ˣʲôòʲôᣬͳͳȥ

һָſڣŭľ仰ûԣ㣬Ҽңﲻӭ㣡

ԼҲǸŮģôôŮأզ˸ӾͱԻǴСûԼŮģ˵Ůܶ죬гϢǰɣһ⣬ҽ񻪵ĹŮԺӳϢһ򱶣͵ƣ

ɶ˼СǺȰ㡣ˣһᣬҲ

ޣǺΨ²ǰɣɶиҲμҾ;ˣҲģǰ͵ϵ쵼˵Ůеӣ͸ȥ쵼ǰ⻰˵һ飬𣿡

ҲǺĻǹģԺֻǰ˵ҪҾھȥ쵼



ǽһɷףһαô˵ĹѪͷ죬ѿҪ˶ΪҪ񻪴һˡ

˰ɣ˵ףָܲʱƨҷһ

㡢ΪҲ֪ʲô˼ͨ·ӣҼ³ѧУǰɣ쵼ӦؽѧУǰɣҸ㣬ȥ

仰˸ŵʱûˤһӣˤʺ

һߣ񻪷ÿЦջĿ˵˼ǿЦˡ

ɶЦģǻĽӸءһɩ˵ϾǼ䣬ŮûãŮ޶Ǳ˼ҵģϴָҼ˵òŸӳԺõģǱ˼ҵģҸǿ鱦

˭֪ŮҲ˵˵

ᷴе㵣ǣС֮ǰ˵ؽѧУڰˣȥͷզҪһ˵䡣

ʹҾ³βˣңһ취쵼ȥһ

֣Ů˼ѾˣѾûʲô˵ˣ˵Խ࣬ԽԼǶԵģŮǲֵǮ

ļ죬ϷɳֿʼŰˣһΣԺﶼɳӺҶʱŶˡ

ϵĺǶҳŲϳţ;ɩǳ˻Ҫ޵³ɳ

һԵ˼Ĳˣ͹ڳͨ磬Ҳʡȥɳӡ

ôӰ죬֪ѵжˣ޼Ҳüûؼҡ

ɩ˵֪֯ϵرӣרŴӱĵطҵһʺϵֲľΪľǷɳиɶľơ

ľڵϻûгֹҪܲܳɡ

ⲻǰŲϢŽͻˡ

ޣ޼ɳС˺ܶ࣬ܳȥˡ

Ϲ棬˵Ҫַ֮󣬾֪쵼϶ӡ

ƽʱ˾޼⼸ûؼң쵼ֻæ˻治ס

ֻýŷ֣Ҫ쵼ȥͻԼ棬񻪾Ҫһ쵼ûСѧЩӶҰɶˡ

ʱ򣬽ڰĽҨһιȥ񻪾ʣզӣǲǷ

Уģڽȥ

쵼ȥˣ

ǣ³͸ߴҪȥľƵС磬˵ҪľȥС㡣һ˵

³³εĴӣҲĴ󱦱ߴҪ

Сɸˡ

˵Ҫʱ쵼춼ڰæҪؽѧУˡ

ߣȥզûֹģ




28.  1.4һ   磬̹׸

ǰ, 񻪾ںš

ǻûʼһʱҲǱߡ˵

Скǰ, ڵģعͷ, 裬㡣

񻪾Ϳ, ǣ֣ǣ, Ҳߵÿ

ӽֵʼ, Ϊƽеûû, ·ҲױǾǣߵġ

, ͺǣţ񻪸ղŷоС̽, Լߵġ

Сһ, ͻȻQˣ裬ǲ³ֿڰС, ҿ԰㡣

զͣ½Ų

ղ³Ǳߣӻ֪ڸɻ£Ҹҿ϶ȥ, ʱҰ³͸ߴȥǰ硣˵

ҪûǴ³͸ߴ󱦸ɲǺѽ, ǴһģôŲط磬ǰ񻪸ˡ

ѽ㲻ùˣ㲻쵼ǲѧҰˡСһ߼һȲҪ֤迴ӡ

Ҳ׷ˣզֲ֪Ϊ֪ȥ磬ŸϹȥģ

ΪҪ֪ͻᱼȥǼææһߡָһλã³ǣǱȥˡ

ȷ

һֱڿ

Ҫǽ˵񻪾ã춼ڰæˡ

³֮ԻôæǲΪϵ쵼ҪӲֵأ

ڣͿҪôѸߴȥɡ

һ·ϣҪٴԽһƬûбѵĻĵأܿΧ˺ܶľƵС磬Щ糤ɴӴ˵ϾͲܷɳĿˣ˵쵼ҪҪӡ

ߵǵʱÿߴ󱦺³ܺӣŸƨڰ߻һȺСо˵ĺӣĺӣȫھ۾Ŀء

ܹȥˣղǰͦԵģߴ󱦺³Ȼ˲任һ飬ֺеǷᡣ

ߵȺߣ˵ιǱ磬ҿˣȥĵطڣЩҪؼңҵܵȥ

͸̫Ըһ⻰ЩǶվߴϻһ࣬ɶ⣬ҹ

밤ߴ󱦣ǲǺóʱûˣϽÿҪˡ۾һɣƵǰ

һҪ򣬸ߴʶӣƹüΣһν̲סˣѹһ٣С͸èǽһ졣

ڲкöСһҸߴ󱦸ǣСԡȥ׽㣬ЩӾͶˡ

ô֣ߴֱӷ˵ӣһֱֵҽˣ˵ҿ밤ȿģҹ

һȥͷһҸĶҲңֻعͷߴֱӸкӺһ

͵ĺӣֲǵԣҲ֪˻ʲô⻰ɶϰ

üӣϸߴ󱦺³ֱӾҪȥ򽨰ˡ

ҲսȾܣ޹ƵģһȺڷΧ׷ܣܵŭҲԽԽࡣ

ߴе֣ܲÿθҪʱ򣬽ҪͣܲңҲ򲻹ңб¼׷

ۣߴ󱦾ִһȺ׷

񻪸ղһֱû¶棬ôຢ׷Ŵ򣬵ıˣϽ׷ȥ

֪ܰܰ˶ãں׷ĺӶ׷۾ɶС粻Сģֻн׷ȥһ٣

ܵһطʱ򣬽˸ɲͻȻһСǰ棬ô˵ţŲ

ͷߴ˵أҲҪˣҪţǿŻãҲذɣһȺСƨҶøǴ򡣡

ɶ˼ҵŭ˫Ҫսˣ˵Ҳˣ̫

񻪸ںֱǿЦãʦͨ˱

ʱоˣۣԼ治ֻԼˣ۶ѡ

ӹȥŭߴ󱦣ٵ޹Ƶǣٵڣһһֱˡ

ߴ۾ǺģҲܺˣ⻰ûȭͷҧͳȥƽֱҴ㣡³ﲻң

ϴҪô³ӦҪһ㣬ں治֪զ졣

ҽҪһٲɣǸ˻ˣ㣬Ҫˣ³ϵǿŪ

³ƨƨߵģߵǿСԱߣͿʼƨˡ

˰죬ڿյٳһӣûС磬Ҳ֪ǲ񲻺á

ղŻܴĽߴ󱦰ڵϣ˾ͽסˣﺰˣ֪˻𣿡

үү㲻үү㣡ߴȭͷ˵

˵˱ˣϴԲҴˡڰ

񻪸ϽǱߣû߳Աж

תͷһ³θ˾߹˻˵ء

˾ģ֯ϢѾ˰ѷָˣƽʱСʱѲ߽ˮԲ

û˵꣬³Զ̧ͷһӲɳ

ߴ󱦰ѽѹڵϴһߴһ໰ǻӦǸѧģҪжֱ࣬

ӸŸƨڶģĿ𾢶ˣѧҲڿ໰ⶼǸߴѧġ

֪ղŻڸ˾㱨³οһĻжˣֱҪѪ

ǵ߹ȥŻڶԽȭͷĸߴ󱦣ֱƨϷƣץ³ݺݵĴһ١

ӣӶˣϽ֨ҽеģܳȥˡ

˾Ҳòᣬ̸ߵľԱ˵ȥԺһѲߣԺЩٿ֣

쵼α겻α

˾ʶĿһԼľԱզԼϷˣ

Աһ޹쵼˵ġ

ŽĴϵϸһ¡

СӣϽźѽѽһ˶ûУģ佱ء

ĺӵļ򣬽˹˵ġ

Сεļ˾һ˳˵Ϊʲôα겻α

񻪻ͷһۻ֨ҽеܺǣ˵ֻǧûǧշģ˵һľ˹ѲߣЩڵֺУסǸסС磬סġ

УղҲˣ໰ûнĽ

˾ԼҵĺӲڵϣƽʱҲûʲôῴЩӣֻҪǣǸԼҸĸѵĹԹԵģûԼûһ棬ϵĺӾȻܳ

ΪǵܣҲ;ѧУѧУģҲûôҪؽѧУļƻ͸

Щӵı֣˾磬żĺӰΧһǻģ˶ظ

ΪСûж£飬Ÿõǰ

ʱؽѧУ뷨˾Ѿճˡ

Ϊߵ쵼ڽ񻪵ȻҲһ֪ϹʦѧģҪʦֻҵбҵ

С˵ʦҵģ˾ʡ

ϱ鵭ģ˸裬ѲɽѧУ͹Ҫһˣ

ûбҵֻһ꣬ѧУͣ˸񻪺ȻͷһЦǫ˵

ҪǼﲻæĻԸԸ⡭˵һ룬˾ͻȻ뵽һ£СƱ߷ģʡǱߵûнʦ

ʦʦˣһСʦֱ߷ˣǽ̵õ˼Ͳˡ

һת˾˵û£ȻؼҰɣúÿӣҿղű۸ˡ

˾ûб۸ҲæСȭͷͻȻ˵

Ͳֱӿڣܲ赱ʦˡ

֣ҡҡСһ̱졣

˾ѾҪ㶫ʦˣѹûСϡ

ʹûеʦ쵼ͬؽѧУҿʼˣҲǽ׶Եʤѽ

Ž񻪾ȥ˸ʳ

ɵ˾ղѾߣȥʦˣȴʱ˿ڣҪôǲԼҪôбԭ

޼øɷ˳㣬߷硣

츱ʳȻе㣬û֪ôԣҲֻǻؼһýպųԣûʲô򣬼۸ͷŵر͡

ֻ㣬ﻹ⣬㡣

ŵʱ⽴ⶫ϶ǰóԣûаˣ룬õع˸ͷⶫе㷢ϸϸľ׽Ժ󣬻ú𤣬ͬʱҲ̵ܳζ

ΨһȱǷ֮ǳӲڵ϶ˤ

һӵعͷһ⽴ϳˣڸģһ٣ļֱðݡ

ȸǳһ٣ٸϴ˸裬ˮҩˮƿˮ𽺸ϣƿӲ©ˮԺڴϣ˯ͲᶳСű

ɫůƵĵƹ⣬ݵǰϷܱʼ飬дŶء

̧ͷһɷһװͦΣѾˡ

ƹ£üĿֽͣддԵرϢСǹűӣůģ˯š

Ӧÿĳɣ

޼żƮζ˺ü첿Ӵĳθʼˡ

ǰ׼ڡ

ȳԷɣ˵վѸֽ͸ֱʶЦԽˡ

üһԭҪ죬˼ƣ

޼ͷƤˣĶ˳񻪵ָǰӶ

ſӣҶ

ѽҳĸոպãζУҳر㣬㳢ЦĺڣҪɷ¶̬ȵðڵĶ

޼ʵѾĲˣЦôᣬֱëһʲôֱ˵ɣ˵ٳԡ

˾ѾڵؽѧУˣƹжȥëԼʦֻÿżɽ˵

ôѽǣԼ˽ģ׬Ǯûɣѩ࣬Ư·񻪿ɷζĶԼ̾˵

ҵĹʲһٿǮϣûм¡޼¿ӣü˵

ǣڿǲ٣֪Ժ𣬺ϴѧҲҪǮɣ㲻ȢϱǳѧҪǮڶܵ㣬Ժɵ㡣

˼ǣ㻹֪Ժ飿ڴѧͣˡ޼ץסͷ׷һ䡣

߬ģҲ²ģ㲻ֿܷܣڵרѧߣңȥһ죬Ժˣ˭ɻЩרѧ𣿻ǹũѧ磬Ҷ֪ǸɲˣԺỹҪרҵ֪ʶĺǡ

˵һѽһ裬ǿɷѹ

ûȷԼԼ֮ǰҲ˵࣬Űɡ

޼û˵Ϊ˵ûһǻϣҪѧҪѧѧϰרҵ֪ʶ

ѧѧѣҲһʲƵĿ

һ취׬Ǯ㲻òģҪʲô˵ҿȥ򡣡޼˵

˾뷨࣬Ҳ񻪻ǽ̲õ˼롣

Цţߵ޼ż򣬡ҲֻΪ׬ǮۼҽƽǱ۸ǳţҪǳˣЩҲ۸ģһеĸԭûܵõĽ໰죬Ҳ֪ʲôǺõģʲôǻܴ˵ӵ飬˵𣿡

ͲΪǮΪӣͲܰ취ȥ˾ǣëԼ

˵ʵͻȻô۵ɤ޼һ

˼ȷʵеͷһ㣬ͬʱҲ̼˾񣬸ˣң֮ǰܳȥô֪ˤȵģʱϼô֪ҵĿζ

ðɣԭ㻹ҵҲˣķʣôĸӣϴ·һ߾Ǻü죬˵ˣʦҲӴʲôܣͽ̽顣

ǣûн̲ģ쵼Ľ̲ģֻʦԼ֪ʶһԼӴĲõ˼ٽӣô죿޼Ųæ˵

˵óղԼܱʼдĶ磬㿴

޼ҳӿʼԷˣҳȥ˾ңҲῪڣԼȡòã

üĿΪ˹粽ãôԽԽãʱĶϱӻҪ˧

չȥٶ޼һ¡

žડ

ӵˡ



Թʰ꣬޼ţһȥ˾ˡ

ŵҹ˵̫̫˵˾ļڶǣӴء

Ǽѽóʱûпˡ̿ɺÿˣЦž͸һ˵˱衣

˾Ͽֽ̧ͷôң£

ǵģëԼ񻪴󷽷ģͿʼҽˣϼҵʱʡʦѧȻֻһͱѧϵĺӣûġ

˾ժ۾ʱ¶еѰˣ˼Ҷְûɣǲûؾˡ

ֱֲ˵ǵǼ

һ˼Ҳǣˣǰװ׵˼ҵģҪǼҲǴݾߡ

ǲǼʲôѣҼǵ֯ոСǹʣԱĹʿɲ١˾Ϳʼˡ

Ѳ㣬ͷ˭ӶùһֹһݾԴҲǺõġţ˵ҲоݣȻҲʵΪɶϣܸԼȡ

˾ʣأȥϰ࣬˭ǶԾɩǵĵһǴúӡ

˵ȥѧУҲΪúӣѧУһСᣬѧΪ˴Ҳѧ֪ʶڰҿԴ칫ңϺӲ࣬Ҳأ˵أ

СϱݰףŽεģ˵һһף˵

СΣô˾ʼ޼ʹɫˡ

޼űһڣ͹۵˵ڼҽ̵ӣҾý̵ĺܺãֵԭƢеУѾˣҲѧдԼ֡

˾ɵʱ򣬽óԼĸֽݹȥ

˾ҳˣģ˭дģ

дġ΢΢һЦֻǳ壬û޸ĹٸҶʱ䣬дһѧġ

дģ˾¶񻪣ĹĿ࿴

һݼ򵥵һ꼶ѧ̲ģڲͬǣûмʱԵ¼ȫʵ֪ʶ

һѧڣûд٣ֻд˽̺ʶ֣ѧʮڵļӼݽ̲дѣѵõǣ˶쵼ǲڵָ˼ˡ

һ˾ص̬֣ضˣɽʦؼҰĵĽ̲ҲдҪ࣬ȻڼҵϢѧУʦҵˣһġ

Ĺ˾ְ޼еԼ칫ҡ

ϰļƹһݣʡǸǵĻظһԽͬ־󣬸ݵ飬ڴѧһңʳһߣûнӴκζ԰ˣҲûκ쳣ٶ

ƹһݣǵĻظСĵû⣬Ψѧ֮һ꣬Ҳؼҵǰ죬ȥʡ򻯷ʣȴվȥųǣһǰƴ֪ܵΰ

ǣֶ֯Թΰչ˵飬һҶûжϵĸҲǱְΨиڱ߽飬Ҳûκ⣬ԣų˲߷Ŀԡ

Ʋ⣬СǴĸ˵һЩԼְɰµģ֪ĿζСΣʦᣬԸúôӣͨ֯׼֤飬úûؼҹȥ㲻Ҫȥʡѧϰ뿪֮ǰ֤Դϲ˾Ц˵

û£Ҳ˿ϾһɷŪϵҲ

޼ļüëԽԽˡ

Ϊȫ鲻⣬Եøɣè壬ô֪Σգ

ôôƯСϱ㻹⣿˾Ц

޼һ ҡͷûУ쵼Ȼؼʰ·ˡ

˵

磬ƻСⷿ棬ƽ۰Ͱ͵ĿŹƻ͸˵

ҲԣץŸ䣬Ҳŵͷ

Ҫȥ裿Ťͷݡ

ȥˣ𴲾æҸһڻؾ뷨

СⷿﲻֻǷƻаͰͣ׺棬ڹӵ棬򵽵ĺơ

ϴγɹӵүģϱӶԺоȻҲúƣһֱûúȣȸ绥ȷϹϵˣóף

ⶫǾԲ˿ģСⷿҲһֱţʹţʱ򶼺ײƿƷ˸ɽ

ֻⷿдӴȥָߵĺܣȥˣƻ϶ǳ

ѴϵĻҳɾȻһף˵ƽңѰȱȥ

˺ܶƽˣŸȣһѰ˴ϣԼϴ̨ȥְñ˽ȥ˫ֳŴ̨͵һԾ͵ϴȥˡ

˾͸׸׵ƵģһһƻһһڵĿš

Ͱһ˳һƻӶ뱥ˣֻƽСƵģܾȱʲôڵء

ף㿴ɶǲǿ֣ƽҰһͣ뵽֮ǰȹúȵĶ

ǣֲӣŻȥĶ˵

ƽีһžƿӾɵ״ˣЦе˵磬ҺϲڵŶǲǱǵ裬ȻΪʲôôã

ţ㲻ҪƤĻԱ˷һûһĻš

ҿˣԺö뷹Ժ󱣻ƽ˵

֪ڿʲôֿҧͻȻһƽ͵һڣ磬һƿúȵġ

˵ž͹һڣ껹죬ͷ˵úȡ

ҲĽӹۣԵĳһڡ

ӣֵˢˢˡ

һ緹ڷд̲ģѧѧڵдˣʣѧڣƴһЩ򵥵֣ѡ

ϵĺӶûϹѧͳͳһ꼶ʼҲֻҪдһ꼶ġ

񻪹ţ쵼͸ôӱĵطҽ̲ģʱֱӰ֪ʶܳС

дĽ̲ĵһʣ̧ͷ˸ͻȻҿףأ

ƽȥСһȦԺһȦ˹ˡ

ʱûòԾƽʱϲȥ棬ǲԶ˵档

ֳţվڴſںƽؼҳԷˡ

޶

أ񻪾òˣһ£ֻҪһԷƽһȷȻӰ

ȥڷͳһȦ˹Ȼһ綼ûӡ

񻪿켱ˣϴ飬ˤˣˣֻǣϵĺ۸ˡ

׼ҵʱ򣬾ȻСⷿ˵

裡ѽ

ǰ񻪸ϽԿףһ߿һʣ𣿡

ˣ˯ءԹԵ˵

һ򿪣üһһɵľζֵͨͨģһ˯һҰ졣

ٿֱߣѾˣСĸСһ˯㡣

ðɣ񻪲֪ôɽֵˡ

ڸҪˣӾô˯ڿⷿɣ취Ǳط䣬ңҲǸ⣬˾ͲܳʱķˣøϽȵ

ƫƫʱ󻹴˽Ų

񻪣ڿʲôɷ

񻪻ͷһɷȻˣҧŴͷͦεģ磬Ҫ̹׸顣




29.  1.5һ   ʦߴŻ

˵޼Ѿһ, Сⷿ߹ˣرࡣ

ᣬ߽ȥ, Ѻø̹, ֮ǰʱүƿƣ㹲, ˭֪ƽ͵ˣƿ϶ҧ, ϶ƽҧġ

˵, ЩĿɷ, ־ԼǱ߷ˣϾ̰ͼ

Ǹڵ, ޼¶ѶŵԣֻصСⷿ

㲻ѽ񻪿黹ͦƽء

ȰѺӱС˯, л˵޼ȱ𽨰С̧̧°͡

ƿûȥ, ˵СһﶥҲͺһڣɫͮͮģڴСࡣ

ƽʱ޼, ϶ҪģѾ־ˡ

ıߣʣ¸ƽͺð, һ˾ܱ

豧ڻƽ죬˵, 裬ɶѽԺ⡣

ԺˣСԲԣֺֺЦ˵

ԣҪԡƽҪֻҪڵģûԵĶ

ˣú˯ɶҲܳԣͷҸࡣ

˵ţͰӶŵ˴ϣѵЬӣ˯һȥ˰죬ҲЬ˯ȥˡ

صԣ񻪾ʣ磬ղҪ˵ɶ

޼ӣڰѵõ·ţҪһˣܹʮܻµĽǰˣϣǵ

ʵֻҪڣ޼ճ죬ȥһǰʡǵ顣

ΪʲôôĲԾȴͨ

ŤͷһͷȷʵһĴŽᣬкöƱ֤һһٿǮвƱƱƱƱָġ

һٿҲȫ⣬üƻŴǮʮʮڵϵӣҲڴ󲿷ҪĶࡣ

˱ȣ˵ϱӵʱڱ߽ɲܳӳԷͿѩࡣ

һУΪ磿

뵽񻪵һ¶˶磬֮ǰ˵ô뱨֤ܳڱû뿪֮ǰ֤ȥ

ûУٵȵȰɡ

û쵼ɶģҲһˣ쵼ǶѹŲǽ鰡һɡ

ôöԽ֤£Ǻģһˣ˸Ǯرʹ죬̬һֱº͵ģҲǿģǶԴӣǶԸڼҵӡ

̫æ˲£Ҳһʱ޼ʰ˶ϰ׼ˡ

˵ھȥģ\"

Ϊ˲ǻжټȥѧϰµļҪܣ޼˵ȥʡǣˣûʲôϢҪҴȥĵ籨

ôʱ䣬Ϊϲͨţһֱûиϵû뵽ĵ籨˵ҪȵȣҪǲżĻڸӸӣȻҪ˵ĻдҼĸòã

żǲż·ҲҪԶģ޼鷳񻪣ȻҪдţһҲ޷

ȽӺȥʡǵһ··;ңԶأҪû㶫ӣһ·ϴӻ𳵻εʡǣθˮҲҪ˸ˡ

ϼżȻ棬նһı͵һŸΣˮͽͣȽͿԺٷŵĴл

൹ͣѹһУȹ΢ȵʱ򣬰ȥ̯ӣСĺ濾š

һűӳˣһţôһһĿţһֽ·ϵĸˡ

ֱΪŵͶ࣬С濾ģԴһɴζˣˮҲͦ㡣

˱ӣֽ̿д˷ţһʱ䵱ȻǱƽԼһжãõģ޼Ҫĵַõм¶ʱԷ籨ߵ΢õ㣬ǿԹСס졣

д˼ţ˱ӣҪɷˣͦģһ·͵ͷ

ȥɣҺܿͻ޼˴ת˵

ҧҧǵĽʲôʱ

ٵȵȣһ˵񻪣ȥɡ޼տڲ̸

վڰϣСϱڴã޼ﲻ̰ɹҴ²࣬˵Լϵè壬޼ûΪһķޡ

ؼҵ·ϣͦãģԭΪȻԼϱܸһȥⱲӿ϶ҲС

ôʱˣʲôʾûУѲɣͲϲԼ

֤Ǿ仰鳡ʧְ⡣

ССȵȣǲɶ¶

ⲻߵſڵʱ򣬸ĺͰѽ񻪸סˣһʡ

ľɥʵͦãȻģҼôˣ

ȥŬŬ죬³ſһˣСǰߣž͹ˣǲɶ¶

Ҫ֪³ƽʱҲǸæˣ˼ȥӵģҿڽ񻪼ſڵˣǽһ棬ΪϤҲû˺˼ȥʡ

񻪵©һģ˵òᣬҵĹ˰ɣ

ллɩӣһȥڻ֪ʲô¡

лӿŲͻ˼ҡ

ؼҵһ·ϣǼʶ˴ҵĺˣöɩڼ̽ͷ̽ԵĿء

ߵſڣ³ε˰ˣȲӭдŵͲš

ǰ³νӵ쵼֪ͨҪؽѧУѾˣ˭֪ҵʦȻǽ񻪣Ưʤ

ݹһӣ³ξ˵Сͬ־ͷѧУɨãȥҰ칫ұʽϰ࣬Ȼ͹ϵ͸Ҳǵˡ

ѧУȻҲУϰ༶Ҳ࣬³ξһˡ

أôģ񻪵ȻϵţܸܲģԼҪ

³ηŵʮǮΪ֯ټϲףʲôߵģҪš

ЦŵͷҪ֪ϼҵĹʲŶٰʮ飬Ӧǵʮˡ

ϢɣƹѧУҪѧˡһ仰³ּҴҵˡ

һߣ񻪾ͻͷ׼ţûţ߾ͶһȺɩ

Сǰ˵ҪСѧ½Ҫȥϰһʡ

Ŷ룬Ҳǽѽ

ȥɶҲȲʣ㿴ȥڼҲģȥ㣬

ʦЦ˵

һ仰ţɩ˵ˡ

ϣ޼ѾˣȢ˸ϱᣬȾɩҪСö꣬ǲǱѧϣʱûŮձ鲻ܶ飬ϼֶ˲õġ

˵ʱ򣬾ŮĶ١

С鰡һȵʡ

֪ԼΪټ˺õܶģǰϹҫֻ˵ǵģһЩ̺û⡣

áĽͻȻ¶ʣ֪ѧУѧҪٲǰ춼˵ҪҪ°֪ѧѣҪ̫ˣҲ𡣡

Ӧò̫ģ쵼ǰѧУǸõôҪ̫ѧѣҶܸ𡣡˼ųʳһȺɩԺӣĿˡ

ǾͺãԺѧУǹؽȥܣҲǲǡЬӣЦе˵

֮ǰǾöûɶôѧУͲһˣѧУмɣ㲻ѧ֪ʶ֪ĸɶ¶ܸɶ¶ܸɣҲǺܺõġ

˭˵ǣⲻֻˣҼҹϷߵģӴǸϴ·ϴԱ߽һ䣬·СãҪǵȶӴˣܣֻϺϴںˣѧУǹؽѧȥҲɲ١

ɩӻէһɸˣҲ̲ס룬ɶʱܸԼıöá

㸧ŶӣЦŵͷˣ£֮ǰһֱû˵ڲŸҸǡ

һǮ鰡

Աߴ˺һ仰

׻˵󺵣Ҳвˡ

Ҷѧϣȥѧ֪ʶˣͲˣȾýᣬҲͶ˵飬ƾɶȥѧУʦùˡ

һ־ȥѧĶǮնڼԼ̲ڶ黹ɶã˴˳Ͼš

˵ˣڼҽ̺Ӳ𣬻ʡǮءԹԵ˵

ţɩԼġ

˭֪յһȺȫתҲգĳ˵ʲô

ɲǴԼڼҽܽɶңϴ·ʱ

ЦݣģզûǮѧˣѧѲ󣬶ҹӪҲͣ޲⡣

ʵϣһ뷨˻ء

ʱɩǾͷֳˣһΪææʡǮҲҪѺ͵ѧУѧ顣

һأǺ뷨öⶫпޣѧʡǮأѧУʦȻǽ񻪣ᣬܸ޽Щɶ

Щɩﻹ˸֪ҪʦûİѱˤˣȾ񻪽̲ʲôǣּҪѺȥѧ

ǵϵǸޱģƽʱҪ㣬޾ͷڼﵽܣһ׳¡

ʱ쵼˵Ҫ°ѧУģллأиط˩סǣǳԹûĻĿ࣬еϣԼҺͨ飬ͷأ

ⲻѧУմɨ꣬취ŪӺӣ׼ѧˡ

ΪѧĵһѧڣѧĺӲ࣬һһٶࡣ

ҲΪ˿ЧֻʦҪǵȵһѧЧӶˣŻῼǼʦ

ǿѧһ죬ϸһӣ̲ˣĳԱ˶ӣǾͱŸѧȥˡ

ΪʦȻҲҪȥϿѧһΡ

ƽֵһͱſڵĹˣ˵ҪȥѧУɶ

ǣŰ׷ںƵš

ѧУǲӸʱģϵطѧУҲĴ

һ´ΧǽΧסѧУǰӣÿӣǽңǰ滹һŵĴҵԱǿյأҲ˺ܶ飬ȫٳˡ

ǺǵУ԰ȻܼªҲûкôĸ߿Ƽ̾ߣڸɾ࣬ҵдеģ˽;鱶

ߵ߽ҵʱ򣬽񻪽Ųһ٣ǽ߾Ȼ˵

軹Ҫȥϰ࣬ǳ϶ѧʱӶͳ˳ԡ˵ڶأȻûСѾѧ

³ѾȲĿˣԸԵĽŲ϶ڵͷ֪裬Ͻ߰ɡ

ǲߣ˵㻹ǲǵڼҸ˵ɶ

úѧؼԺʦɶ㣬ʦڸɶҲ㡣³̾ͱ˳

ţԶӣȥϿΰɡˣĻңŸˡ

ọ̈̄ûЦˡ

Ϊôת˼룬ԸҵĴ󱦱͹ϿΡ

û뵽㱾²С˸Сǡ

ԴˣֻÿЦˣɶС123ǽСѧƴ

ţ³ԱܳһŽһŵĳԲ϶ûײ񻪡

̡Сһ趣ˣӵĿŽ񻪡

СʦȻľηԸеģ˭ǿӲ͸˭ǰ컹ϸߴ󱦵ϴţƨƨߵ׷ڽ棬Ҫ档

񻪵С˵³ͬѧԺѧУҽʦУϿεʱԶӰ쵽ͬѧѧϰģ·ʱҲܳԣǺ

֪𣿡

֪ˡ³̰Ѳ϶ڴ˵ý𣿡

һ첻úѧϰϲúѧϰĺӣſźöӣҪ

վ񻪳Žﺰһͬѧ

һ˵꣬һҾ߳ʮŮͬ־

һʦɣҽַǴйġŮͬ־Цţ񻪴кˡ

е⣬˵˸Ůʦû뵽ôᡣҲܿЦԣҽн񻪣ʦãԺͬ£ཻѽ

Ҫѧϰ˵ʦѧҵġַر˵

ֻǶһ꣬ѧУͣˡ

Ҳ˲ҵʱûпϴѧֻڼҴҵҪβʦһڳﵱʱأҲãһҪôԶĵطܻؼңȫɣ˭֪ôߣ֪˷ǵôͷ˲ɡַЦŸпȥʦ̸ܽѽ

ʣСŮĺɰ

ǵģԺҵôһϿΡЦЦ˵ʱ䲻磬ǻǸϽϽúǷְ࣬ʼϿΰɡ

СڽſڵĿյվţһۿȥԵĿк࣬Ů٣һٶֻʮŮ

ҽĿţЩŮ󲿷ֶǲӾٵĺӡ

ʱܲЩ˵˵ǵʦҽн񻪣ֵͬѧࡣ

ְ඼ǰõģѧ֣Сľһ࣬ƽĺӡ

΢㣬ֲʮĵĺӾͷڶࡣ

һʦǰΣСȫԹԵĽȥϿˣ񻪾Ϳʼ֡

󡣡

վڶǰ棬ûзӦҿء

Ӻ߹һء

ڡ֪˵

ѧУҾͲǰ̣ʦ½нʦ˵

ʦɤӺ

ȥɣλڵһߵһֵͬѧλ˳Ҫ



ܹһõСûֿأžһѣ񻪴֣ȥ

¹졣

ߴ󱦡

һ׳

ף

ô֣ôأ̧ͷһȻˡ

ǰֻȦе㷢Ск֮ǰ۸ƽЬӣһٱ׳

ߣԼģΪһĻϿΣޣ׳һȦͽȥˡ

һޣѰһ

񻪶ʱ;úЦˣͿСʲô˻

˽ңûеһʱϿΣ˵ͬѧǣ֪ҶǵһѧѧУмɵģҽ˵涨ĸͬѧɵãǾѡɲ

ʲôаɲǹ

ʵúãɲǰʦͬѧˣƽʱշҵҲڵʱ򣬻ҪСʦЦе˵

һֶöຢ۾ˣ˭뵱أ˭뵱Сʦ

˵ɣһҲҪģϿβúõλϣܸͬѧ۾ʦ

ڶϿηҪ֣ղ죬ǲԵġ

ϲ¿εʱȥϿεʱҪϲҲҪ֣ʦͬȥ

ģʦǵİְһֵ𾴵ˣÿϿ֮ǰ˵ϿΣҪվ˵ʦãʦصϰߣ˼ңҲҪѧذְ衣

Ž˵һȺѧģ˫ִ˿

ʼϿΣ



ȻֻѧſΣϣ˵ʦܲˣѧҲܲˡ

ѧУŵڿΣһڿϰҲڿΣһڿΣѧ˼룬˼Ρ

ѧǶʣıͦģģҲϿûʲôģʱעعģϵļɾˡ

ע⿴\"\"ôдںڰϡڽѧд֣۾һ̧ͻȻжˡ

׳ڸʲô

׳ڽţںֽУʱʱĻЦȫͬѧҪͷȥرӰüɡ

ǡǡʦϿεʱӡ

׳һƤӣһſûɶ

ǵȽתȥдڰʱֿʼˣҪǸڵĸߴ˵Ҫôǰͬѧĵӡ

̲סˣһӣȭͷҪ򣬡ҲĻ



ֹ˵λ£Ҫˡ׳ͬѧҲҪٷú

֮ܺԽܺӣΪǸĲ

ӣٴתޱ˵׳ǰͬѧǰŲһ㣬ԱߵͬѧҲԱŲҪתȥάּɵͬѧһıϻһС컨ˣʦ㡣

ôһкӶʼˡ

׳ҵڸУֲãҲͲ˵ˡ

ſϿ̨Ҳ˼ҪҸʲô취ʦҲźأ

öѧϰϿεķʽֻҪϿ壬֪ԹӺ治Ҷ¿εʱҲ֪ʰ鱾Ƶ߻ؼҡ

¿ΣҵǣŰߡ

ߵſڣҫ裬㿴ҽֵС컨ˣʦϿŶһǻؼҸְ˵лл

˵лл˵ҪлɶЦ˵

ллҳԱů˼һ˵

̲סЦˣֿ̧Լҵ

СͻȻܳϻһ˫СЬӣ˽ϡ

ɩǣЬӣһɻ

Цر𲻺˼ҰģǰΪѧûɶã˭֪Ҽҹؼңֲ˵֪ʺãԷҲ׷ųԣҾţѺӽ̵úãҾ͸Ұһ˫Ь

ҲգϿùʵģΣôĶʧЦŽ͡

㲻գЬ˭Ҳˣհߴġ᲻ɷ˵˹ǾͲģҸ㻻ģԺܹҼҹ죬ҪǲùӳҲС

ɲУ巣ԡ񻪸һ

ţһǰһĽȥˣ֮ǰ񻪻Ǳء

ΪԼˣͷֿһۣ˾Ͳˡ

㿴ɶأƵ˵

ղźڿǡ⿴š

һЦǺ㲻֪Ҽҹ컹иڵĹڼҶ飬Ĳˣü͵͵ܹء

˵ͺϿξ˷ǮҹǺˣҺ͹ȥҴأڻܱܲˡ

žͿʼף׼󷹵Ľ񻪣ɫȻУѧֻܵһ꣬ںǶʼϿˣҲϡ

ҹƺ淳Ӷˣ죬ſҼſڿ

һ뵽ǸӣҲ̲סҪЦˡ

ЦҪݷ˵ü˰࣬ҪԺ³ѧУѧɶרſȥʡ

Ȼ͵˵棬³һƴҶǰϡ

ЦϻˣɤһһʻûģʦûϿδǰûвװģûǵıӡ

ʵʲӲˣܻİѺ˼ҡ

һ磬ڸƴΣŶͻȻýе㲻Ծôˡ

˰죬Աߵͬѧզ£׳͸ߴôڣ粻Ͽ𣿡

Աߵͬѧվһһʮ˵Ҳˣһڿλڣߴ˵ǵڶڿҪȥ׽񣬿ȸ

һ˵Ҫˣֿܺʼˡ

֪ȥ𣿡Ͻʡ

˵ȥٳϣ࣬ȸͶ࣬ҪԶͿȸ󡣡⺢˵ţ촽

һ˵ʦҪȥǣڽϰҪ˵æһ¼ɡ

˵ţϽܣһֱͻͻֱܾҪ¡

ٳľ࣬ζܺҪĿȸĻֵģ

˵֦ҲˣҪǵȼ˺ӣɾͲˡ

ܳң׼ǱȥأͿһһСܹ޵ñʦߴŻ

￩һ£죬ȥ




30.  1.6һ   ˭֪ǲǡ

ѧڼ, ܺӳʲô£ѧУвжΡ

οŻ˲õ飡

һ·, 񻪾һ·ֱ亹ֱð

һƬɳ, СܵѧУΧǽߵߣ̧һ, 񻪲ûιȥ

һۿǺüһСкվԱ۴ޣ

Ҫ, ߴ󱦵Ŀ, ʱһֱڵ, ֻ˽ŵļһȱš

ʦ, Ҫûˣ̰ߴһˣ۵һҲˡ

׳˲, ֪˻Ƕ

Ѿ˼ˣ˵ŵ˸ߴ, ŰڵϣʹýŲȡ

ŵĵطʹĲһ, ȫˡ

һȺӶŵòᣬͰ͵Ŀš

ͬʱڻһ˲, ׳ڻˣŲ֪СͰͷ󺹵ˮ, ˣѵһ֣ˮȫ˵ϡ

δ

ʦأҵǲҪûˣߴ󱦵һޣ˽񻪡

ͷһеңʲôصˣʲôƤãڣͨͨûС

׵ĵطһС鱻պˣ˺ܶˮݡ

ȻڣҴȥˮһ壬ˣʦ֤û¡˵ţʹѸߴ󱦸

عͷڳľ׳˵ڰ⼸Ӷ͵һ࣬ʦ˵һȻϵԺҡ\"

ȱϸߴܵˮͷߣȷˮͷ˺üӣĸߴ󱦾Ͳˣί˵ʦˮ̫ˡ

ڻǶ·ݣˮ±񻪻ء

һۣ֪ˣղʱɶˣ

ߴ󱦾ͳҭҭĲˡ

ˮ۵ûôˣ˵ܲԼ·ұ㣬ȥԺ

ߴһȳһյģʦͿʼԺߡ

ڸ˵˵ôģôģͷβ˵һ顣񻪵ͷ

ߴʱ֪ˣһڿ˿Σ׳˵Ҫȥ׽ȸųԣҲȥȸʱ㣬Ҵչȥ˭֪һӰҵĿ

ԭΪ׳ôܣ˸ߴ󱦵Ŀӡ

׳ûɶϵǸߴԼҪȥģҲԼȥġ

´λ𣿡ʡ

һԼպڵĿȣһֱڷ۵ĽףߴһҪˣˣʦܲܲҪҰ֣

˵˵ֶ֪ȥϵˮݡ񻪰⺢Ժ

ȥʱߴ󱦵ƨһţģҰִҵʱܰæȰˣҲˣû˰ȰҰַǵôҲѽ

һ֣񻪲æȰ䣬ͲҽԺ˼

ܺӣһưĽȥˣҲŲȰ͵ðһٴʵ

ؼҿԸҸӡ

ҵӸɶ

ִʱƨһ棬Ҳûôˡ

̤ԺţСʿӭôǺ𣿡

񻪾ƿԣˣ˺öˮݡ

Ӵ治ᡣСʿͷͺҽиСˣûã˺ܶˮݡ

ҿ

˵ţҽ칫߳һŰ״ӵŮˣʮӣ˵Ƿȳһ۾ʱġ

ܾãڿԼһ˲䣬һ£

ˣҽָܿ߹ʡ

ס

Ѻӷſڲϣҽ˰죬ˣˣӦǸˮˣ

ǵģ֮ҳ˺ܳʱˮ

ţǶԵģˮ֮ԸĽϣ⺢ӵ˭ҽϴһˮζʿ˹еͿʼﺢ˿ˡ

˵ûɶϵ˵ʦҵѧĲ𣿡

˵䣬ԺĴ̽һСԴ׳ſڴ߿ġ

ҽڸͲһҪˮݣҺأụ́ԺҪע⡣

ûУԺעŵ㣬Ժʲôˮͳͳ

ߴ󱦻̽ͷ̽ԣ񻪾ͰԴȥˣֹŴ˵

أҲˣҰֿ϶ҪңҪ׳硣ߴſڴϣƵľʦ˵˵ɣ¶Ǵ׳ĴԼҪġ

˵أųҴҵĸϹһ߽һ߳ƤĴҶأ

캰ںų裬ɤ

һɤӺŵøߴ󱦲Ӳ

ˣҰˡ

ųݣƤѾϣ˵㳤ˣѧˣ

ߴ󱦸ղŻģѾŵò˵ˣſڴϣһĸȡ

˸ų侲һ㣬Ҫ֣ûпúǡдҪϣ񻪵һʱվ

ųһ˵ûϵǰŵʱ粽룬Сӻа취ܳȥ棬ҽ˵˵һ٣Ժųԣ

Сͬ־ӵôųʵĿˡ

ʰ˿ڣվ˵û⣬أʦˮͿ˸࣬ܺá

ųһȻսƤ˺ˣȸϷСأСȥˣ

֪˵ʱ򣬸ųѵ±Ϣ˵Ĳ˵ӱ˴𣬰ѿˡ

һ·ϸųǸ鰡ֱǻðɣƤСӣһŹ

񻪿ͷϣҪץ׳ûûصģǵֳ¶ɡ

ųղŴѾ˵ˣСȥȸҪȥ̫˿ӣ˼Сϵ󡣡

ų侲Ƥ񻪾˸񣬵ллŶӾͻؼˡ

ʱ׳ûأղų׺ӣˣһֱڶ£ΪԼҪˡ

˭뵽ʦԼ˵

ٺ⺢Ӷڴ۾һ죬ͻȻ;ãʦǰЩ֪ʶӣȫһ

Ŵͷɥ׳񻪻øϻѧУϿأڵڶڿιѾˣڿ˼Ʒ£øϽȥ

ȥʱַرżʦ˵ǰиˣô

ûʲô⣬õġ񻪿һ۹ǽϵӱ˵ڵڿο쿪ʼˣ˼ƷҪ飬ԺҲˮ

ʦҲǴһתһࡣ

˽ңȸѧĺжأСԴȫţںˡ

һÿΣϰڽ˼룬°ϰ񻪰׳г

޴ͷɥģͷ˵Ҫ֪Ҫѵҡ

Ǹѵ㣬ǧ򲻸ã𣬸ѧУ׼ȷ˵ôĺӣô͵ƤſΣҪȥȸ׽󣿡üղŵϰڿú棬ܵ˽ѵ¶ܾôȥˣδһ£ѧУٳϵп֦ɨסˣǷݻ𣬺ͬѧ˻ûء

ǸߴԼչģ˵˲̫ܿһŲȥɶ¡׳Żͦء

˵˵ɨѣٳˡ

׳ҲϣҲϣҲã⺢ӺûǷݶϡ

һѻŵģѧУ鷳ʦҲ鷳ǽ񻪣ѧ£ҪȥУǰġ

ȷѧѧǶˣ񻪾ʹŰʦһȥ³εİ칫ҡ

Ƚ꾭괦İ취͵øϽؼˡ

ϣؼҵʱѾ͸ˣӶĶӹڽС

ƿţĵƿţͲﻹð̡

Ѿͷƿǣһڵķһͷοˡ

ڽûôƤûгȥݻˮɶģ֪ˣ

ź̽ͷü˵Ǽûвˡ

ҲڷˣʵϱӵԸҲʵԼֵ֮Ҳ¶ˡ

ƽʱãﻹ޼ɼ񣬵ɷһߣٸеæ·ѳɽҲûʱ򣬺Ƕֻ۾

ɶأ֨ѽһֿˣӺ洫ввˣҿһֱûƣ鵢ˣ˵ʱ͸˵㣬㿴вУ

һֻӵݹ㣬Ϊ䣬ʱһأپһŴײˡ

а̫ˣɩҸǮ񻪸ϽӿڴǮ

ЦŶǮײֲŶǮһۣҪؼˡ

׷ȥ˵ɲУһһǶٱҲøǮ

ƲǮؼˣﻹ˵С˾̫ھӣҸٲɶģ

ٻصƽ۰Ͱ͵˵裬ǻжòܳԷѽҵĶӶˣõҲˡ

Ȼû˵һֱںˮͼˮ

֪ˣԺȡѵڼˡУҪٺˮˣʼջھʮӿ

㣬ʽʵҪصĵζȥ

ϴɾ㣬ڹ˵ֱͣӰɿȥ壬嵽ƣƽ˺üĴӽ͹ı濪ʼˣŵˮʮ㹻һӵ֭

Ҳܹ㣬ӪҲøϣһŴײˣм룬ϴɾԺײ˰ӣڰϡ

Ƶģ䣬ײ˾ͱ˴ϸȵϸ˿

˵ʮӾǶʮӣɵæţܿһ̺㣬һ̴ײ˿ͶϷˡ

üһһӵĿӿҪӰˡ

񻪻ڸвˣһ㣬̧ͷײ˿Ѿ֮һٸһڰײˣţҲֻʣһˡ

ͿǶɶɻҰϵĶˡ

ģƽֱӿĸͷǺóԣ裬ҴûĲôóԹ\"

óҲҪԣûġתͷһۣô𣿡

ǡĲɵģ̧۸ӣţҪ˵ɶû˵

ΪȫҶˣǿ˵ˮϴ˽ţüϴ񻪸ǸǺñӵʱƽѾ۵ÿʼ˯ˣͻȻ۾裿

ţҲԺ

ʲôʱ˵

˭˹ˣְ𣿡

šŴ۾ڴ˵

˵ʱ䣬ͻˣǾͲôˣ˯ɡ

޼ô죬ӵһأǲ˵Ѿ𽥿ʼˣ

밡ҲҲ뿴ôࡣ˸Ƶ˵

ְզôӲЦţҴҴǣԼҲ˯ȥˡ

զ˵ԭķɢΪ񻪵ĵͺճϼһĿʼΪģм俿£ˡ

磬ɿɣҸӶ

˯ǰ߶˵



˵޼ڶ͸õңϿεʱ򣬽񻪵ѾѧУɵͷȥˡ

̧ͷʱ䣬ʮ֣ܲ٣һϰξͿԷѧˡ

ΪЩӴûϹѧһһҰ񻪾˸취ÿʱܲ٣ܶ壬Ҳܶǵļʶ

θϽؼҿˣ˭֪٣ϵĺӾͿֵܹˡ

ʦҵʳ͵

ҵĳ϶ȫûˡ³Ĩ˵

һӣȫܹ״࣬ýͷˡ

ͣȱ˵˵ô£񻪵³

³ֹס˿ͣղȥܲ٣֮ͷĳ϶ûˣʳء

ٿһأ

ҵСûˣأȫû⺢ָһʹļס

һӣҲʳˡ

һɶʱ򣿡񻪿ʼѯˡ

֮ܲǰһһŲ϶ء³Ŷ˵

ӣǵʳܲʱ䲻ġ

ʦûọ̈̄ŲӾ˵ǲǱѧ߳ȥˣ

̫ܡҡͷܲٵʱѧһȫڲٳϣջûǸʱ䡣

߰ɣһض࣬Ҹưȥֿһͷķ

ؼҼ磬ôôء

صңһȺӻأ񻪾ý̨Ҫ˵ˣǣǰͬѧʳˣû˿

һȺѧ㿴ҿ㣬ȫҡͷ

ܲڼ䣬û˻عңʡ

һȺѧҡͷſţȻڽ̨Աߵİ

һֱǴŰϿεģҲԵúܣһֱǴڽͷܣָţӸŵˣܵȥˡ

ʦܲٵʱֻжڽҪ͵ʳǾиѧ˵

Ҫ˵ñ˵ĶһٸţΪ⺢ӵСұĺܶòģѧλȥ

һСﻹװ׻ǣɶҪȥñ˵ʳˣ

ƽ͵ģû˵أã̲סһ˵ɶأԼʳôȥǵģ

磬Ȼ˵˵˭õģܲٵʱһء

ǣڽ˭֪᲻ǵĶ

ǵصָ𰡣ֱӳŰ㵹ˡ

ûſˣ۾棬ҡŽ񻪵˵裬ҲԱ˵Ķ

·Ķ˿ֻ׻ǣɶҲûС

Ǳ߽ÿ۸ˣѾȭͷˣöɶҲûУ㲻Ǹ

˭֪ǲǲصطȥˡһӾ˵

žһ




31.  1.7һ   ǲ˯ҡ

һ, ղŸŸɵļкҲڵɱڣʱҪƵġ

ʱ, Ҳֻнܹܵסˡ

һӣ, ¶, ˭õĶ˭ڴ֮ǰ, Ҳ, ͬѧ, ڿʼϰ

ϰȴӻؼ, һɷû, ֻԱ˯, ѧȥ

罪Ȼѹû󲿷ѧˣȻм̶ͷ, ƽʱͲԸ´Сˣڰﴫҥ, ˵Ƕ͵ʳѽ˵ǽһ

ΪŹŮ, ԾͲŽˣͷʦİ칫ңſ˯˾ںĺڰԼͿһҲͦġ

ӣɷǽģ˭֪ϻؼһûˣ鵢ˡ

ԽԽͣﻹֵͷɥģǽһɥ

ڶѧ軹գһҲż̲סʣ裬ɶʱ¶

ͽܲٵʱ򡣡񻪲ŲæӿڴͳһһĻζģһζ

ƽ۾˲ֱˣſˮ裬ǸѧԵʳã

費ãȱƨⲻǸǳԵġ񻪵Ķͷһѡ

ѻݸٴұߵĿڴͳŲҶͷ࣬Ҷ࣬ȥʱ򣬲ӷĸԼȲҶˡ

żͻˣҪ壿

ԣҿӦͦģ͵һΣ϶еڶΣ쵽˰óһΣܲٵʱעŵ㣬˭˶͸ȥ˵

ƽһӣǾͿʼЦˡ

ץˣûǴ˰ЦʲôЦ񻪾òԾֹ˵

ֵЦܽ˽ңһȥƽûüк۾ʳϹһȦ

ӣǾĺӣСĶŲ͵˶Ǵɡ

ֻҿá

ڶڿνһٶ˾Ϳʼܲˡ

ܲٵʱ򣬽һֱڶˣСƵģ˭ԾͽĶסˡ

һᣬиţڴܵѧУʱһֱ뿪飬ܡ

ȴûнһתܽ˽ҡ

ðشסˣûп˭ڣҪȥץС͵ˡ

ƽֵҲǽȥĹȥ˽ҡ

ǸС͵ֽſúܣǵǵʱֻȽŷɿ죬һûӰӣֵ͸ûͷӬƵģʼУ԰ˡ

ͬʱ׳棬һżʣҸʲôʱѽ

ղڽй䣬ͻȻ磬˵Ϲһ档

ڼˣˣǿӰӣе㺦ˡ

˵׳ǵģ͵Ҳ

ڽ￴Լ׳ͦεģⲻ˵㶫ŵʱ򿴼й䣬˸ڰƭˡ

ǲˣˣҲԵȻԼذ칫ңզ׳ΣԼֻ˵㻨ĹС

զ˭˵ǲˣ

һ̧ͷƽֵЦЦģǰվء



񻪻ڰ칫ϢͻȻ˵׳ˣ⻹ɶϽȥ

ǵʱ˲ۣһȭһȭĴţ˵С͵˼ҼҵĶιã˵С͵Ϊɶ

һȭ׳ıϣΪ͵㶫óԣˣ

׳Ҳ֣ƽʱֻҪһ棬˾͸ƵģһҪƴһġ

ɽţһԡ

˽ͣ£ǵĹץ˻Ҫأôܴˣ񻪲һȺֵĺӣڿڵ

׳ѹڵϴ촽Ҫҧˣ챻ôָ֪ȴһԣΪ͵˵㶫óһ㣬¶ܹȥ

˵ţˣһͬĿԼ

ҧȭͷֱ׳Դ

һһȭͷȥ׳Դ

ڿҪȥʱ򣬽ȭͷھ׳۾һָĵطͣס

Ҵһ٣˵ԲܵУҲСҧгݵ˵

Ѿ̲סˣǰ˵׳Ҳ

ȭͷϵĳȻһѰ׳ק

ô£üʡ

˵ĺܸɴ࣬ղѾˣĶ͵ģʳǣץ˸š

䣬ΧԱߵѧ˵һ¾ˡ

ѧУ˸С͵ѧǲ˼ģΪǵļҳСͽ˵Ը˼һԲ͵͵ĵ׼

õ𣿡񻪾׳

׳ȭͷȻƤܺڣĺƤ͸źɫ߳ܣΡ

ԱߵСָָ㣬ﻰ⣬Ѿ׳˵ر𲻿ˡ

תʣ˵˵׳ҾǣһȺСӣҳѧϰģҪҪҸǵһڲٳһ룬빻ȥϿΣ

ҾǣǶ͵𣿡

𣿡һʡ

캰׵Ǽӱﵽǰ棬εĺ޲ҸطȥǣʦǴٺ٣ⲻǿһⲻǵ飬׳Ҫ͵ôϴ˰

׳Լˣ֪֪߳裬ģ⻹оȣеĺƤ˵ҪҽڣԼˣҪҸ˸Լҩɾȡ

ôһָңûϿˣϽȥϿΣһ͹ȥ

һȺÿ죬ߵҲ죬ת۲ٳֻʣˡ

ǣŰ׳Լһҵķţɵ𣿡

š׳ӽƵġ

ΪʲôҪñ˵Ķ

׳ͷֲ˵ˣܽôʣǲ˵ԭ⺢ӿɹǿġ

û취񻪻ҪϿΣ׳ȥϿΡ

Ȼص칫ңһȥַתˣ˵׳¶ˣǸɶ͵ӵĶ

ǵģʦʲôð취⺢ΪɶҪ͵ǲ˵񻪺˿ˮƵ˵

ѽûʲôð취⺢ӸѧͿʼ͵ǰ컹ͬѧˣĲýҿҪȹ۲һ£һξȰˡַСһ㣬е㺦£ڵϲֵ֪أһٷ¶ǣô죿Һòҵôɲţ

Ҳеҽȥҷһ£Ҫ⺢Ǹ߷Ǿȥ³Σ񻪷±ӣһˡ

ѧҲû׳һѧ͵ͷţԼǴżȥ׳ļҡ

裬ǣ֮ǰ׷ʱһָָ˸

˳ź˵ķȥǾǸͨСӣǴ濴رǡ

ΪǲڹϽټϵȷʵûеطʳö˾ڼǽ˵߲˺ŪƤʲôСͲˣˣˣȥ͵ġ

׳ļſɶҲûУǽڰ䣬ʵǡ

ȥţûڼҡ˵

ȥ˰죬ʲôûУְѶûˣŲҲ

Ŷйˡ񻪵ıһ·ڱЦˣȥ˼ţûˡ

ڼҵʰ룬ſһŲˣⰻȻģҲһþͿ

˭

ǸӣͷϹſëһĴš

׳𣿡˵

˭̾

񻪣ǵѧУʦҷá

ɲ֪ʲôмҷãһѧУʦЦ¹ϣ˵Ľʦɣ˵

ڼÿأҴ׳ɶ¶Ը˵ͷҸһȱǡ

񻪴żӣӰĳϣ˵ˣӣҾ㣬ƽʱ׳ڼզ˵Ļ

ƽʱҲûˣ⺢ҲզţզӦǺܿ죬žһȥ̧ͷʣǲǴ׳ѧУǻ

ţɡ񻪻ԥҪҪѺ͵ߴ

˭֪ԼѾ³ˣ̾˿㲻˵Ҳ֪϶ǴˣʵҲ࣬Ƕء

ôˣ˵˵Ѿڳϴļ

ΪҪ֣첻ҪŸСȥ㣬ڼҲûóԣֻǶһͷһͷĸţһٱһٵġ̾ġ

أ

谡ԺǾûˣ֪ȥˡ⺢ӴСǽӼôģѧʱûզˣֻŪһڡͻȻʲôƵģ̧ͷʣ˽ʦ˵ڣ㻹û˵⺢ѧУ׸ɶأ

ûɶҾһæɡ񻪿ɫ磬ˡ

ҵĴţٿһ۸ڵ׳ңĺɫĺϣСԺϦԵرļȣ

ֵҲڿҵԺӣƽ˰죬ͻȻีһ裬׳ǲ̫ˣûԣ͵ǵĶѽ

Сһҧ촽ͻȻԼ׳Ϻݺݵȥȭͷˡ

Ҳǵģǽļҷþ͵ɣȻؼҡֿһ̧ۣߣȴ̲ס룬ҪԼûлûм޹ϱ͵ӣǲҲ׳һһڣһڣ

͵ӣпԭǻð

񻪻û𰸣ƽͻȻҲס֡

ɶҲû˵رİǣš

˼ңɷû񻪾ˮʹŽѻˣֹһһȥء

Сͬ־ﲻæɣæǾ˵¡

˹ˣ֮ǰǷĲ̤μһģȻͷһȺɩš

ʤĹһͦأ˵ǼҲǿӲ

˵ɡ񻪰ƽԺõһţҨưˮϹǣת˳ţЦЦĿ

Ҫµû׳͵˵¶ɣ

ȻɤӾ˵˵̵İ༶ͷи͵˶ҼҸĲ϶͵ųˣҾ㣬ҪҪӸˣ

Ҫǲ˻ȥһѧУǵĺӴô죿͵˶⺢ԺгϢ𣿡

ǵ˼أֿˡ

ɩҲŵͷҲȰ⺢ӸѧˣƷвãզܸǵһ飿һأ

ͳζվڽˣȰ˵ĵںǾ˵⺢ǰ컹Ѹߴ󱦸ˣ⺢ӻо𣿱ѧû꣬ʦˡ

ϴ˰֣ɫƽתˣҵҿ⣬Ҳл˵͵ˣһҳ⳥Ǹи¶⺢û裬ְΪһֱ棬Ĳв͵ĶԣҲΪȸԣߴ󱦲Ų˵ģҸ˵˼ٹ۲һ£Ʒ°ܻǾѧ˵أ

кӵˣһ׳ôңɩҲͲ˵ɶˡ

Ͼѧȥѧⲻѧ͵ûķˡ

Ϊô¶ķһӵһǶ

һȺɩڵɫڨڨˣߵʱһ￴˼Ǿý˵

ⲻɩˣȻˡ

ǸˣƤ紵˺ںɫž˵ǽʦҲ

Ųӳң˭ѽ

Ǵ׳İְ֣˵ҼҼҷˣ͸Ͻ˵

һ˵ӿڴͳ˼ëƱ˵ҼҴ׳ѧУ͵˶ˣģڼѾһˣԺԲ͵

ǣǮҿգҵʣûѺӸ˰ɣһͼˡ

˲ڣҾǳһ١ɫһͻȻĨ˰аʦҼҺҪѧУƤˣ㲻ҪֱкֻҪҶ㣬Ҽ⺢Ӿˣǲúѧϰϲԡ

⡭ԥˣӲܹ⿿ɣҪ֪Ľᣬ취⿪

û취⣬ʱ豻֪ʶӹţŸ飬ȻˣҲ֪ǻ˵꣬˰֣ģҽȥͽԺԼԣڽ͵˼ҵĶˡ

˵꣬̾ˡ

û취ûĺݣ͵Լ׳͸ڵĸߴҲǣָǮ˼ҼԷ˼Ҽĺܰ۸

񻪻ͷ˿ջĽŹδˮƽֱˡ

õĹǮţҵЩ͵ʳļҳһһǮϣִ׳ֵıǸ

֮ⲻײ˿ǰ̲ˣһ߳Ծһڿ⣬룬ְɶʱܻѽ

˵أſ֨ѽһͿˡ

񻪷Ҫȥţ˵˹ˣզˣһһˡ

һſסˣ磿

һѷֱܳӾס˽񻪵֣ҧվǰ糾͵ˡ

һʮ죬޼ǺܾһŰһֻŸֽӡ

ţˣô޼ʡ

ȫǸմɷ򰡣˭֪޼һſھǺӣеԴףͦá

Цݶˣ޼ʣأڼҹú𣿡

ãߺߵһ䣬żӻؼҳԷ

˭֪ƽߣСƵģ޼תתȥֱߣ裬ְִ˺óԵĻ㣬ʲô

ҲأתĿɷ򣬡ʲô

޼СͻȻ̲סҪЦˣֽݵǰͻȻͿ˸ЦȣҼǵ㲻ԣ

ӣ͸ѧУЩСŮСкƵģײɰ

Ϊ֪ر𰮳ԣԵľ⣬䰮Կ⣬޹ôʱˣ߶ţѽʲôãûţ⣬̫һˡ

ֻ֣ˮͿʼˣĹĵĿɷ򣬾ǲ˵

޼°ſһۣڳԷҰˣһԣ

߽ˣ֪ôȣǷ¯Ͽġ

񻪿˰죬ûѹˣſǹɵζ̲ס˵

ûп¯Ȼٿһˣء

Ȱֽ򿪣һǳǳ۵ȣȻΪ¶ˣѾˡ

ǿִıƤ񻪶õжôķۡ

ѺǽнȲ⣬񻪾С

˺һһģ˿һ𳴣ǲŽкóأȻ⡣

ƽҪ͵ˣСĳӡһ۶ƽһ˺һ

ȫ¹һɼΪǺ˵ζˢľ̿ˣгٰ⵹ȥȻζгַӦ°ѳ˾ͿԳ

һղŻļӼֱҪˣȸ̵ֶİһӣ˵ζ

ϣ޼ʣ˵Ѿѧˣѧϰô

ĿӼҪӳӰ˿飬ƽȴҼвˣ˵ĿŽ񻪡

⻹˴տѧʮ죬ԼŽ񻪵Ľ̲ģѾһ꼶Ŀθѧˡ

˱ˣҳѧᣬҲզƽÿ۾źڰ壬һֻ˵һ롣

ϲ̸ɼҿԸ㣬ѧѸˡƷŵ׵˵

ƽҧŴѾҪ޵ӣæ˵ƽȻһ㣬棬ȴĺá

̵úãѧУһ飬ٽһ顣ƽæҲƨ

޼ͷٷĺӣٿһһԷİ񻪣Խĸм飬ҲԽĸӡ

֮һ죬Ϊ̽ʡǵϢҪͬѧæ

Ϊˣǰһ죬ͬѧڹӪ˶ٷŵʱ䡣

˷˼ǣûκϢ޼Ѿһĵˡ

ľ߶Ƚ֪ϵ׷ʲôô֪ԼĿζô֪Ҫˤȣ

ǣ֪񻪲ԾҲϱˣΪôʱ䣬ûκֵ飬Ҫһ㡣

ڶǣĴӣѼӴԭǸСҪķ־ͱץߣ޼ԼǸ

˷ԼˮԼϴţϴ˯ˣҲϴ˴

ƽʱ񻪿ע˯ˣֻҪǱߵϨƺţҪʼ۾췭ȥô˯š

󶯾޼˯ŵ˶ˣôˣ

ˢ۾޼磬˯š

šüëˮ⣬һµӡ

޼һͲˣ·ã˫ϥǾʣ˵ɣʲôôˣǼǮˣ

Ҳǣ֪Ұи׳ĺӣǰѸڵĴ󱦸ˣ͵˰Сʳ

񻪴ͷβ׳ȸٵ͵Եɷһ飬ƣ֣⺢û裬æûʱܲɣҲ͵ӵĶԡ

˵զ죿

취ȥЩæľɩҳԷǮƱһȥѧУﲻʹ죬Ҹøߴ󱦺׳иطԷ޼һ˵

˵аƣ۾һ˵ôû뵽أ

޼Ȥôаƣ

ϱӻأô죬ΪҪƱһʱû顣

ɷһѣԽ˲俪ˡ

˵Ǹ˼˭Һ٣æ͸ǵĳԷ⣬ȻҳǮƱҪϸڣ˭ɵúãĺóָɾܸа룬˵Ҫ˭Ѻ͹ȥǰһƱǮһԸɩλ

ߴ󱦲øĺۿޣ׳ҲΪӶ͵˵ʳⲻһã

Це˵磬ô

Լģֻѡ޼˻ȥ۾

һ£ҲˣڴҲӱˣͻʣˣģ

ʡǹӪģó𣿡޼ͻȻ۾Լûڴ

񻪵ͷóѽȻóԣ磬ģϳģ

Ȼģûȡ޼ͷԣ֪ôͻȻôʡ

ǳģôشѵҪźӳͬѧʣµģ붼Ҫ롣

ͻȻЦţתգգ۾ԼĴ壬һ˰ɣǲ˯ҵȻΪɶ£ԶĸҴȣǲϲ

޼ͻȻһ˸Ӳûе£˯

Զ񻪻ЦţЦһ޼ҪСèצһƵġ

˵ҿǷˣһ߻Ǹһ̲סģµġ

ĿɲˣӹӪ￾̵ĵͣʱ޼һȥͬѧӶˣ˵Ҳ̫ĥˣ磬ͬѧ꣬ҾͲܳһС𣿡

ͬѧֱСĴָô⣬˵

û׼ԣһ·ֽţ˻𳵣߿·ζһȺ˹Ŵ˵ϡ

Ȼصңҿֽһ˲۾ǡ

ͻȻ;ãֵˡ




32.  1.8һ   Ϊ㡭

úӽǮƱ, ȥ˼Է˵˾ǺѧУС

¶һ˿ɲ㣬Ҫ쵼ͬ˲, Ȼһע⣬ͱͶˡ

¶˭գȻ쵼

ⲻ, °ѧУ˾Ҳܹע, ̫æûչֵµų, ʾԼ

һ, Һ涼Ÿų, ַϵѧϵľġ

һų, ľǸų񻪸ǽˮ, 泶ɤӺüֱðǡ

һ, ԼҶҲźأоͺʦ̵֪ʶѾѧһ

ų̲סַ, ֺЦ

ЦǺѧȻ֪òˣ˼֪æ, ˮϴš

ǣûŮͬ־ĲУӸҵĺ, ۳һȦϵ˵ǺˣңһǸϹļңʰ 

¿Ρ˵һ

˲ѧˣʦټ

ͬѧټһڿѧǿȥҪ򡣡ЦŴкߵҺţųǵš

ôųѧǵıֲɣЦе˵

ųƽʱµıںţö䶼ˣղţЩ۵ɤʦãַĵʦصֶ֪ʶĿоһ¾ɵǱÿˡ

ųͷƤе飬Ѳ˵ǲ̫ˣ̫ã˾Ҳ˵ϿбҪġ

ģȥҾ͸˾棬ϵѧУذ죬ǷǳбҪģ

˵ŸųʣСͬ־ʱ˾ҲûʲôѣҪѣҲ취ġ

ףⲻСĺʱˣ

񻪿һſϣɽе׳͸ߴ󱦣˵ҷѧУЩӼﲻ̫㣬û취ԣºӶˣ뵽һ취͵Ų׼

ӳԷǸų⣬۾һ˵ɶ취

˵ˣǲලҸɩṩ緹ʱҳǿԽƱǮÿ红Ǿҳȥ˵ҪܰзˣҲɩṩһλܼҳĸ˵أ

뷨ܺð⹤ֲۣܲã϶ܶ˾ϸڣǿóԣָɾġų۾һ

˵ʵ֮ǰҲҸɩæ˺ӳԷ⣬ڲӣһһ

Ӱɣ˼ǮҲǣҲǣʱֳ˾ļ͸ˣǲ¸

ѡͺñȹ·ֻҪʱǮڴ鲻ͽˣ

ų˵ˣģڻȥ˾棬¶ʮþȣ϶ܰ

ȻϸųʱصÿμҴţһϲ̵˵¶˾ѾͬˣѾ³ȥ죬İɡʱڼʲôļλʣɾľɩˡ

Ϲλô࣬ȱľɩ࣬ҪСϢһһȺɩͿʼˡ

̫ˣԺҼҺӾͲʳ͵ˡǼﺢӶľɩ

Ҳ˵˵С⣬֮ǰ˵˼ȥѧУͿǣⲻ취ǮҾǣǮǲǼʱ

˭֪ѡ˵˭ǾϸڣҲ֪˭˵㸧Ŷӣһơ

ȻСģӦþȥ

˰û˵ĺ˵ˣһ˼ʣµҲǮǣôҲŪȥʦ

ͺñȴҶ۵ͷϣͷһˮ˲ˣ˵ûɣϲżѧզ˵һѧһʦ㷢ʺòã˵ˣʶ֣ȥɶɶиʣµģָߵ͹ô˵ɶ

һ磬ҲȥˣߺߵŤͷͻ˼ҡʣµҲţǲҪŸ˽һ

ⲻ첻ϿΣڼҴżӴɨѼĴɨһְͨ˼ӣһߴźɹ̫һ֯ë¡

ë¸˸ͷֱӣ裬ۼˡ

զ֪ģһ٣ƶˣ⺢ԶǸԶſڵĶֻƵġ

ŲˡѾ׼ȥˡ

զ֪·ģ񻪹

ĵˮ׼һ˺ȣţӽŲغٶһʲôλã棬Ѿۼſˡ

˵治֣µһ˲䣬˵ľˡ

ƵģŶ̫

˭ɤţĿһۡ

ңʦڼҹе¶ѹľ˵

ף

ⲻ

ϴξۺѧ飬񻪸ֵòô죬Ѿóʱû

Ҳ֪Լɶ¶ֻ˵ûأɺɩӡ

֨ѽһžͽˣϻһСӣҿŵĲȻǺü

ɩǸɶ񻪸ͷˡ

žͿʼЦˣһֺõ˵˵ѧУҪС㸺ѡˣⲻ

㲻֪ҼأһӣϺҪǮծܵܣȱôһݹɶϢ͸ңҪѡң⼦ûؼҳԣզ

֮ǰɩ۵ʱ˵ǽһйʵϣصҴС̣ͱμˣ˼·ӣ

ʲôʾˣ֪ľ˵񻪿Цõ¡

һʣ˵׬Ǯļٵģ

Ҫ˵Ǯǿ϶˶٣ǲû⣬һСϵæʱҲ׬Ǯ˵ǰɣ

㿴ɩ֮ǰ˵ĻҲǳӶˣܵǮѺ͹ȥ˵

̯֣ҿл߲ûã¶Ҹѽ

ʵ֮ǰ˾˹ʽԸԸ⸺¶ʱ͸ܾˡ

һ£ѡ˭ˣԲ¡

ʵ֤񻪵ѡǶԵģⲻû𣬾Ѿ˺ˣ˵ûֽ񻪲ɿڣͿʼˡ

Сͬ־ǲΪͳϵã׬Ǯң˿ûİ˵

񻪻úЦأһ㲻ţ ˵ˣ¶ҹܣҲûãҪǻɾʹҼҳȥֱӸ쵼ٱȥ˼һëˣ

˵ţſ˽ˣŶӣһһ˵СڼҲǳаС飬㿴զ

ɫˢһ¾ˣվ˵˵㲻ԼˣҪ͸¶Ϣֱ𣿡

ɶиԼˣ㣬⻰ɶ˼Ϣİ㲻˵˲ϡ˼ʣµĶզˣӴ˼۾һƳָżˡ

䲻ģάһֱӱˣˣЦЦĿԼ˰죬ƹˤƵ˵ҼȱǮզˣ

զƾɶˣҸСװףǹģ㲻ʾһ䡣

һиһԲģۿ˿쳳Ҳ¶е㲻Ծվ˵ˣ𳳣ٳҲҪˣȸҽݣ

˴ңˣ˭˵¶

ͦƵģûС鹫ĿǰֻԼһ֪ôһţԼѡˣ

ȥ˵ʱ˵ģҲ㣬˵㡣˵

˵ģ˵ģ˵׼˰С˸ط£Ƶ˵

һˣǹų˸Ϣ˶ԼͷѪһأǰɣ

ϸ룬³οڷ̫ҲûаŸſں˵

ЦЦ˵ǸӦˣ쵼ͽ³Σɶã

˵ģŰɵ˵

Ϳš

ľվǰʲôƵ˵һ䣬Ҳ˼ˡ

񻪺ͳһۣе

ŶҲҪȥڰ˳Ͷȥˣ˵ҪҪ͵㣿

ͦĸ΢΢Ķӣ񻪼ֱľ½㣬ҪаҲ㻹иأȰѱ˵Ȱһ䣬Ҫѡˣ϶ѡʵģǾʵʵƾշˣ񡣡

ԼСŮͬ־˵һͨ㱾еѿģϸһ룬˵ľҲͨˡ

˵ҲǣҾа޵ʱҲû취ˣллСѽȻˡ˰֣Ÿˡ

һͷֺļأְѽ˹Щ͹ȥҪ˵Сۼˡ

СβͣСżˡ

һᣬӽž˵裬ҿɶ

룬ö˶ŶȥˣǰɣЦ˵

ţüòһѷȫȥˡ

ڿ϶ֻˡȻҪǸЩǵŰɣ޵Ҳˡ

Ĳ࣬ɲ죬Цӡ

Ҫ˵Ϊɶ˵СĸˣԼ³˵һɤӣ˵ҪС¶ǽġ

ŲأǾò쵼ƫ޼ƫĽˣɶ¶Ը

˭֪һתۣЩɩǾȻԼҵĺöˡ

㣬Ҫ˵Ǽأῴ˵ģмųԡЦţͰѰӵļݹˡ

ƽľ˹άԼԼѾƮƮȻˣư͵ľͽ˼

һϷҲʾö鲼ͷ㣬⻹鲼ͷû·첹ģнЬɺˡ

鲼ͷɶһĵȷ·źÿءһ˼˵

˼żǸһ鲼һŴײˣҪ˵ܻߣǾ㲻ϵģȷʵ˱˵Ķ

˭ûС飬˵Ϊ˸лԼ˵Ϣ

֮󣬺ʹ˵㣬㿴ҼͦѵģСܲܰҿզ죿

԰㣬˵¶³θܲܰ˵˵ûɶģﺢӿడ

ôΧţûĴߣӶòתˣظ˵Ƿģһ취а취𣿡

һȺţⲻ͸߸˵Ļؼˡ

ٳŵʱ°³Σ³λأûôŮͬ־ʣ͸Ͻˡ

һţÿ˺öණûüʰɷ͸͵ͳԵƵģҪѶ

¸ңǸղЩ͹İɣ³ɫѿ˵

ȥˣ˼ҹҰæ켸·ЬӶѣ̫ˡ˵⻰ʱдء

³ɫڣϵ·˵ڸҿЦϵ·㲹󶴣ͷƵģ˭Ҫ·ǲùϵˣ

ۿȥ鲼ͷ˰ɣЩֲֵǮ˼лҵġ

лͷϽҰѶȥ˭ĸһȥ³һӣú

³ⲻոŽǽ·أһ֮²û޳

³ɶҶſ֪Ҳ!㶫˼Ըҵģƾɶȥ³Ҳźˡ

ֱǺͿ˼ƾɶ㶫ͷ˭Ҳȱϲȱ㵹Ƥһˡ³μֱһ㲻ǰɣȥͣҽҲҪˣһһȥʣ

Ҫ³ȥˣҲ֪ˣ˵׼ҪӰ졣

صľ˵Ĺͨ죬˶ţһԲıżϳš

˭ҵģҪǿգװû¶һͻȥ

һؼң³ĴһһŮ³³СѾȥˡ

ĵԼҵϣǽһ˵զⲻѽң

˵˶˵ˣʱ˵ĺأ˵Ӷһˣ˵һͲҪˡ

˵¶Ҷлᣬ˭úþѡ˭

ѽ;ԼС¶Ѿ϶Լˡ

ǼವģܵԼоĳǰҫȥˡ

㰡ʵʵڼҴӱɶǿҪɶСλҵˡ

һѾý񻪸Ȱˣûжνˣһ˵λˡ

ƾɶǽһѳԣԼҺӶԵѽģ붼ϴɾƾɶ˵׬Ǯˡ

һ֮£ͰֱӸͱˡ

쵼˼ֱǷ˼̰³νйȥʻ³Ҳúܶޱĳ

˼ǣ³αְˣ뽵˹ʣ㲻͵ʴףҪϹˣ񻪱߱˵

Ѿˣһ緽Լȥʳˣ·ϵʱ򣬽񻪲Ŵµľ

߱Цľ̫Цˣ˼쵼Ͱ˸ɫˣԺ׳͸ߴ󱦣ȥѧУɩӼҳԷȻղ̫ãҲҪĸɾҲͦѡ

Ҹղſȥ˸ʳȥҪ˵ģ

һ֣񻪸˸ʳ˽ҪԵĲˣߵ̯λʱ򣬾ͿѾǽһҡ

ƿڴԼղУĶԣƾɶң

ʲôղУ˵ĺúõģ¶ûˣôһת۵Ĺˣ˵㻹ҼأҲʾ˺һѣǿҼҰ¶ˡ

ֶˣеֻţ¸֪ˣԺɫ۾³Ρ

һž߹ȥˣߵĺðɡ

üһȻ˼ˣ

Բ˰ƣֱӾһ⡣

˸ƵģܾˣĴŴ

ʱý·վ￴һ֣Ȼ֪ڸĵģһָͷָ˽񻪣˰ɣ˰ɣʲô⣬Ҽ³!

ֱްٿޣ˵ĹҲزˡ

ЦһģĲԼ̰ģܡ

ʱˡ

̧žߣȥɡ

˵ձģ簡ʳЩطķǿۻԱ˵ٲҲûеô˵棬Ȼ͸˿ʹˡ

ʲôԭʳְͣһʱ䣬ڼҺú÷ʡʡڼҴŲŲˣӺӣ³Լġ

ѧǣŰߣͿӺӵ³ˡ

³Σȵȣм¶Ҫ㡣񻪺һ䡣

³ͣǣ³תôˣ

˵˼𣬵ϾǼĴҲʲôԲûӰ;

ûڸл³Щɫɺ˲٣Цеġ

˳ˣ˵ʿǵĽ붼ͨǺڲȥʣҸ޼ĽôûתҶˡ

û ֮ܰǰˡ³һĲ죬˵Сϲأˣá

ѾˣǺðɣлл³Ρ

ĲɵĵллǣŰߣǰġ

ʱ䣬֮ǰѾͨ˽룬ʱȴ˵ûҽڲ볶֤

µȻģȴֲ볶֤Ϊɶˣ˺

һ·˼ңȻ£Ӷ໽Уܲ

һúõķѳȻŶΣֻö˵ˮɷѼˡ

ŷѼߵʱ޼ڴҴҵĻһؼҾͽӹ룬

ڸףԼӿ˵ͷΣҪɶɶɷݣҲá

õнһֲȫϽȻԸɼ񣬵ÿζɣýǣԸ֤ɷֶء

ϡ

磬ڳɩӻ֪𣿡񻪹ò˵

֪޼ô֪ڵ飬ס˭֪

˵ˣڷ޸ãҪпҲȥ֤ˣ

޼һ٣񻪣뻹û

Цݵ˵û˵ѷԼˮϴϴ

Ӷ֪ߣûҺ֣ԼϴƨϴţҲϴˡ

޼һϴ룬ɻоϣ֪볶֤Ҳ֪񻪴Ųʲô

Ͼûĸɵڵϰң񻪵ȫĶѾͶͥˣûмôɵġ

Ȼ벻ͨЩϢô֪ģһҪ޹Ŀʲô

Щ޼ᳶ֤

ͬʱҲ룬Ҫĳ֤񰲰СŮСһƤĶӣҲͦõġ

˯ţҲ˯š

룬ͳϱӣΪθȡһ£ҪĶֻÿǾ͵ˣҲû˯Ҳûզأ˭˭ҲûΣǻؼңʮ꣬Ȼ԰̯⣬ɽ

շת࣬һҹߡ

ڶѧҪϽؼģȴȴżȥ˴׼ѺӷڴҳԸؼҸи˿ռ䣬˵˵

ҼҳԷզˣҪȥκ÷һ졣

ȥڼ˳Զٷ˵ţóϸ棬׳ԣ͵ҸǽĿ

κ÷ЦˣˣĻͦ

ᵽ񻪿ɷˣˣû֤أҪ̸̸֤顣

Ϊɶ֤κ÷ˣ˵ˣĺӶˣòңû˯һɣ

û֤զ˯һܸƻŮƵģƳһۣ˵㣬˵ҪҪܹܣⲻǵഺҰѺӴɶҲˣɶ˵֤ɶ

κ÷ƢֱȥҶ˵֤ͺˡ

κ÷иŵ㣬ܼܵܵҵ¶ЦһҪﻹڣŹǶѾˣҲŲܡ

˵߶Ųܣκ÷ǶӵķȻѽ񻪸ϻؼˣϽȥǶȥ

ŮְӲֱܼܵһģһһ˲һš

е㿴߽񻪣Ϊ˺ãѺҲ̵㹻ãæѽˡ

֮ǰκ÷̲סʣҪֱӰһӾͷҼңһϣȥ֤

ˣú˵ɣＫطҲǿȵİ취æ˵

κ÷񻪣һӻ˵ģ

һ·صңžͿʼ׼ͣƤлǱ㣬㣬ϴɾԺѱʮֻϵ㽪˿ϹȻûкĸ߶Ȱ׾ȥȣʳıѾ㹻ˣζ

޼һţӶڣʣأ

ʹȥˣҽ㵥̸̸һʹ³ˣǵĽ׼ˣ磬Ϊɶϸ֤

޼һ㶣ܿ׹񻪽ǲó𰸲ˡ

ʵôһ˲䣬޼嶯һأ֤Ρ

ܣȣǹ͹ľˣΣŵ˵Ĵڶڹ͹ҪΪԱκһңǺѺģʱʻսѲգۺǷḻľ;޼֮

һ˻飬İԼ㱩¶Ҳ൱һ㱣ɡû˻ȥϵè塣

ңΪʲô֪ˤȣΪʲôҪһеĸϣ

¸޼ԼĻɡ

һ㶣գ۾оۿеȣеίΪϲ㰡ôʱ䣬ѵ㿴𣿡




33.  1.9һ   Ըһжȸ

˶, ˵Ϊʲô֪ˤȡ

ţȶȫԼ, ˵Լػһص顣

޼ֻ֪ϵè壬ŸҶޱ

ⲻ߽ͬ

ҽҲǳ, ޼ȻһֱڻԼϵè壬Ϊʲô˵, ֱֻӸҸ㲻ϵ, ǲܽ顣

һְ취, ѡһ֡

, 񻪾;ãԼ, ǰ˸ϱӵĶȫһ

ǻž仯ģⱲӵ޼ʮ꣬ǰʮŬ鲻Ůɫ, 漸꣬, ڲӣɴ˺Уһֻй

ͬʱ, ĹɹҲ̫̫ܵӣ, Լ뷨ǶԵģڣе, ȫ벻һʮͷŮӣԶϡ

չӣʰ񣬻ҪȥѧУ飬ȻææµǷǳķ;ġ

ʶҲ֪ԼŲ֤Ůжǰ·жã

֪

ϱӵ޼ȫͬΪ̫࣬ѧ¡

ԺҲйÿ칤ˣһʱȻؼҰѷãʰãȻѸȥ̽ӣһƽ壬Ȼٻڴϣ񻪽һʲôˣʲô˼顣

ĩ˶æʱǻһѼʰ룬СһȥԼᣬӰɢ乫԰̸˵أһӡ

룬ǺЦػһӣҵʱɷ򣬵ҰҵǸŪˡ

ӣ񻪽ŸղŵĻͷ˵ںʵʱһġ

ʲôʱʣ޼һ߬ˣܾúҪʧȥʲô

Ҫߵʱ

˵

仰ʳڣѵˣиСʮ𼱵ţжӳ쵼Ͻؾ

޼Ž񻪣Ȼһһ

˵ϻ⹤æһҹ˵ڶϣʱ򣬼ﻹûء

ںΪ֣ԼҴˣˣԶϱӵɷ

ϱӵɷҲԶȵġ

ˢϴһɫ̯ڴϣ񻪿ʼʰԼĶˣҲûٶϴ·Ķǡ

˵ʵҪ˵ĲᣬǾ᲻ӣȻദ£⼸벻񻪣Ҳ᲻ǣû취ΪԼһΡ

ţȥһ³Σν׶ˣϾʦ³ϵУѧУУǺ

ɶҪְ³۾ɴ˲٣ǽһ˼鰡

Ϊְ죬˭ԼǵôõĹ

ǵģҲҪְһҪؼңҿš侲˵

³̫Ѩһ侲ʱҪ뿪ӣֻʣ㻹𣿡

ˣҪ޼顣񻪶˶٣˵û֤Ǿòʣ֣û³ΣǲӲǿҵģ԰ɣ

侲һ£ҿ㼸٣ҲԿǲҪȥһ룿

Ѿĺˡ񻪵˵

ɸ³μģ˼ҷ飬Ķĺðƫƫ޼Ͽŷɻû취֪ͨȥ

ý񻪶ţдһŵݹȥ

õţ񻪾ҪȥӣӾڴ˯ãԼҪˣ᲻ã䡣

ѧѧУſڽס˽ƽֵ

Ҫˡ˵

ƽã¶ģҪȥİҴϰɣòã

Ҫؼңҵİְ裬Ҳߣͬġ񻪺СԴ

ȴǣ৵ľ͹⺢Ӿĺܣֱܲ𣿡

񻪶ƽţ˵ǵǸСԺ˵Ϊǵİְ֣Żģǵ𣿡

ۿͨ죬˵ͷ

ңҲңѽҪԼˡ񻪸Źµᡣ

һɻ󣬡Ҿͦģɼ񣬻Ǯ㣬Աߵ尢ǣ𣿡

һЦˣôСĺӣɶа 

һ§˻˵úչãСǮԺȥСԷҪٹ꣬ǻǵңǾȥңַһǣ𣿵ʱǡ 

ƽ죬۵һ¾Ϳ޿ˡ



绹κ÷Է

ѧؼңӿֵģһᣬһ·Ҫˣκ÷͸Ͻô¡

֪ϱҪؼңʽ񻪣ϲҪú̸̸̸ˣ

̸һ룬йˡģ̨濾֡

ǻû̸զˣôѻ˵ɡκ÷Ųˣ겻ڿӣ۾ĸƵģ˵ˣ˵ʵ£һݹ£ߣóԿ

ɶҲûɣû˯һŴһֱ˯оϡ񻪵˵

κ÷²ӣ˵ҪߣҼһԶٷôʱ䣬Ҳûզദ

С񻪾ʹӦˣϾ֮ǰø޼̹Լء

޼ŻؼҵģҴҵĻؼûҵˣæϴ˸ս裬˴ҡ

ͻȻ⣬ûü˵

ţԷɡҲ¶Цڼҵ

޼оرĻţ˵ӽӹӾͶ˽ӡ

ȷʵʢκ÷˺öຣʣģģϡһӵ罴зз͸ģڽɫ֭棬ʲˡ

һˣ˭û˼Ʒʳֻн񻪾罴зͦϡ棬һ飬һ£ʻзȫˣͨз˲֪ٱ

ϱӻⱲӣûסߣһγء

ģһζͦóԵģ񻪳һ롣

Ȼڼ޼֪ǲǴӴ˵ҪߵϢü˵ûװû

꣬Ҫؼҵʱ򣬼Ҫȥȴ˵ٺú̸̸ţ̸ɣҴȥ㣬𣿡

һ룬Ҫ飬Ȼúͻؼˡ

߽ԺӣҲûݣԺϣ˵㲻֪ϵڸ㡣

ȵ񻪣˵޼û취ģֻվڽߣϲģ׼ȷ˵ϲǱ˵ʵҲԣӦ㡣

޼˴ңžͱˣ˵Сӣӭ۾˵ҪˣΪʲôϲ

Ҫ֣޼͸һɴû˻ߵģͬʱҲһǿҵģҪʧȥĸо

ʶԼŷ񻪿ģͽϲ

ǣ֪ˣ鵽֪˦ˣȥ

ģȫϱӵɷһ¾Цˣ磬㲻Ϊ˵ֻİɣҪؼˣΪҪϲң㲻һ˲²ôʱģӣЩ˵ѣ㲻ң㲻֪ұЩҪһ߻㲻ǲҳ֤жۣⲻ㣬ԼˣҰϴһˣϱӵɷġ

һ䣬ᵽԼϱӵɷ޼üͷһΪԼˡ

Ҫ߲Ҫģ֪ԼҪʲôȡð˵ԭ£Ҳ֪ԼҪôﲻôܡ

ϥأŽ񻪵֣ǻĻҪ˵ӵİҪ˵

ŮӲ˵ʲôˣˢһ°ÿУµûèʲô߷Ǵϱӻġ

˵˽⡣

ϱӵɷ򣿡޼Լ۱߸ˡ

ǵģ㣬Ӧ˵ʮ㣬ϱûнףʮ˻飬ϧûеͳȥˣڻ㰲·ϻص˶ʮꡣ񻪶˶˵ǰǷǳҲܺгһֱź˵̫ҲΪʲôһԼ̾ͻؼҵ㣬Ҫԭ򡣡

Ҹ˵ϱӸжãΪڣôţֻǸΪʲôһ绨ĴͻȻʧķƵϡЦһҪǣΪ˼ӣϴβ׹µʱҲˣܶʯͷȥˤȣҵøǣǵĳɳ·ϣտɲ٣㲻ҪٰѺӸܣҪԼ˼ǳ󣬷򽨰ԺģƽΪȥֹͬһֻ֣а⺢÷˼ȥ̣

Ļû˵޼˼ӵδ룬ڣܲҡ

ϱӵ飬ǼӵδϢ̫ˣ޼ԼҪʱ仺һ

òܣ񻪵ĵ֯ԼҲȥ˸׳죬ȫû⣬ųеĿܣʣ¿ܵģǲǾˣ

Ҫˣһ˾䡣

񻪵ͷһĴƱѾˡ

۾ſˣȥ˯ɣҸš

ʱǾ˯ŵģ޴ĳҪʱƽ

ң˯ţ޼ſʣʱ򣬹͹ô

׶Σ̤ͣ˶ϣ񻪷˸˵

Ĭһ£ʣأô

˭Ժ㣿˵žЦŻ˵ǳããҲһ㣬ȥֻо˰ݣ£ͨƭңΪǶϲˣѧ³ҹæʱ򣬵ҾͿ룬ڵġ

ðɣˣϱӵԼоۣ޼Űһ֪ϱӵԼʲôôһԸԼô

ٷ񻪾˯ˡ

һҹ˯ҲȣθһֱڷڣеͷΡ

ʱ񻪾׼ˡ

˭֪˴ſڣһţſڴľǻٶһŴ 

񻪿ʱ䲻žʣ磬ô£ôˣ

һھͿԼǰиӰӶˣ˵զˣΪɶ˯

޼ſڣôţ룬Լʱɵ治£˼ҹ˷Ŵ껪ȴ֤

Ҫˣţɰɣ᲻á

ټϱӵ飬ӵ飬ôһϣǴδġ

޼۾ߵſڿһۣҲе£ϸڹһۣôţûлأ±͵Ÿˡ

ô죬ҵĴƱ쵽ˡ񻪼ĸȹϵƵġ

޼߹ȥ˿һ˿۸ͱ

İĹҪߣҪְϴоˣ޼ֻ봩ԽδʼʮԺԼʲô취ܰ£ֻߺݺݸǰµԼȭ

Ǵϵģ˵ͱף򲻿

޼£˿˵Ҳȥӣңʱܿˡ

ʵǽҲߣһԸԼȶˡ

ҧŴӦһȻôĵţȵûżܣͷΣķģڼ˸ӣ׼ȥˡ

ѣѣ

һһſڵѹûд򿪵˼񻪶켱ˡ

ʱͻȻһٵ׸裬ϱˣ۾ܺ߳

ƺ꣬ǰ뻨Ըһж׸㣬İĹ

׸ϱӽ񻪾

ϱɷ⣬ڲϼ۵ʱ򣬻Ҫ˵׸衣

ʱѾ޼˵񻪣һΣô죿

񻪵ʱ޵Ŀιȥˣȥ㣬㣬ǿǴ˶ʮꡣ

ãһҪȥңҪϲأˣ𣿡޼ȳһѪǿЦ˵

ᡣѾܵĿˡ

ģҪ±ӣңˣֻҪҸ㳪׸裬ͲҪˣ𣿡

ҵĸ裬˵ֻܳϲĹⱲֻ㳪ֻҪˣǰġҪȸǸ˵꣬ܲģԶģ۾

һֱ죬Ҳһ˲ͣ˶ͷ涡

ϱӵɷ򣬺ⱲӵɷͻȻģˡ

磬Ҳ˶Բԣţȥɷ

޼¿٣ˤϽȥţҲ˵ߣ𣿡

ɵĿһ֪ɷûлʧ˼

һſڣȫ۵³ˣž˹ȥ

±ң޼Ьȫµö·һȭţȥԺ˴һϲ֪ĽзԻ˶ӣңѹ̫ˣڷա

ҩ£оһֱԼĶͷϲȥѹ͸оԼֱһ¡

ٸҸᣬһһ׷㣬֧㣬㣬𣿡

ǿ۾Ϳ޼վڴߣϵһֱ

ҪҪ׷ҵĻأ

롣




34.  1.11һ   óԣΪɶҪҧ

Ҫ˵Ĳܡ

仰֮, ʲô룬ֻ˵ҴӽԺҪٳһʳ, 

һ죬ӻ, һʼ۾Ҫ£ԺĴһ, 㲻ˣڷա

, , ˺ö, ΰѵģ͸оиһֱڸԼ첲, ͷͷϵë

һ˯ȥ, ɫѾˣһ˶û, ǿһͨ磬˿ʿ

񻪳ŴӴһԼĶͷ, ýˡ

ҿͷһֽ

һ, Ȼ޼Ľ룬д׼֡

ſأ˽ˡ

̧ͷһ, ţɱǧĹˡ

޼ȻҲϵĶŲһ١

Ž룬֮ǰ񻪿ˣϣϽ׼׼ˣȴûжоȱȱģַ˻ȥ͸˸ʳĽղ˼Ƶģûж

̧ͷԴʣ˯˼ˣ

죬ڸоô޼˵ţｪףָ˸ƿӣĶˮͷ۲ۣ

е㣬öˡ񻪼Դ

ûôԣȳԷɣҸЬ

ϴ̹Ѿȥ죬˶Ĭû¡

޼ɽˣԼһᣬҪŲһ·𳵻ȥҪңûˡ

ȫͷͣѹûϡ

·ٴЬŲƿ׼´

޼ֱӰԺСӰڷԷˡ

Ҳʱ򣬷ѧӾ͸һƵܽ˼ţһҪ衣

񻪻ûüͱһѷΧסˡ

裬զƽŽ˵

أȰæˣַٰͷϲ˲⣬ûǰôˣҲڴߣһǵĿš

۸޼ôӣ᲻á

Ц˵ҺöˣأûкúϿΣ

⻰һ˵꣬ںİ׷˷䡣

ƽίˣϿϿˣʦǴ˵Ҳú裬ܸܲһؼңҰİְ赱裬𣿡

ɵӣİ裬Ҫ⹫šһŵܾܵһѡ

ҸȥżңҪѧˡƽ죬Ҳˡ

޼˲˵ˣҲͣ뿴񻪻᲻Ӧǲǻߡ

Ժ˵ҪԷ񻪲ûشкӳԷ죬Ӷˡ

һһЦˡ

˶˵˲˵ľͺûиŮͬ־ڼң˶ȥһ

һֱ޼ҲûһԳϣ

ʳôģǴģӣ͵ľʡ

޼ԵŲǰˣġ

ɣ˲ǲֻûƵǷϡ

㳢

񻪻ûӣһѾȲĿʼвˣΪǰĲһζôٻƵĲ඼С

һӳ²ˣųɫŤˡ

ôˣҲУó𣿡

ӻû²ˣסˣŤˣóԣóԡ

óԣΪɶҧгݣﻪ ס

ҲĲУųһڣǿȥ֮Ͳˡ

ƽһڵģͿʼˣ裬áá

û˵꣬һѣʹ˸ɫƽŸĿ˵óԡ

һζͲó԰Է˿ӣɣﻹв𣿡

ͲˣԼҲóء

޼ҲͬһʱվȰţˣȥϢа࣬Ҹһ롣

أĲ£ͷ

һڷóԣԼԣ

⼸ӣòζ˰ɣ

Ȼ˲У޼໹ͦãŴճʹµװģϽǰʱС̲ˣι˶ӡ

࣬ڴϣʲôʱ򲡺˻ؼҡ

һᣬ춼ˣȻ˿ˣҿŻ̽ġ

Сʦ˵ˣðɣ

˳ȥͿַʦЦ߽

ǰöˡ񻪴Ӵڵϡ

Ҫ˵ַҲܿ̽ڵϺѿƻźͮͮģƤܱһҧܱų֭

񻪺ܳʱûгûˮˣһźͮͮĹӣͿʼᡣ

ַһϣԼӹĶԣ񻪵ȻҪҾѾܸˣô

ⶫ£ϽòַرģͰƻֻңѧУĺҲȥ.

ôЩһֱڴ𣿡ֻƻתͷʡ

ѧУһʦˣɲַһˡ

Ҳǣżٵ죬˸ʦ

ʦ

Ǵй𣿡񻪻ϡأϴַ˺óʱ䣬ؾȻôѸپҵˣ

ַ˵ǣ˵ǵԭʦˣΡ

񻪵˵ͷͻȻˣӦþԼϴȥҹĳʦ

¸ϡˡ

񻪿Ǽǵǳʦϴοڿ˵ϵѧȫǴ¿¿ֶȽɣΪɶھԸˣ

̵զûаҵĹ涨һ䡣

Ŀǰʡʦѧûн̹ҪעؼɣʦصʲôģǴӲʮԺġ

ʮԺСѧʦǺصġ

Сѧһ꼶ҲǸǶõʱ

ԽѧĵһҪע˵л

ϣĳʦЩɡ

˭֪һ涨ַɫǽиѿһѾ֮ϽɣǶ࣬Ҫˡ

ЦЦû˵

˵أֿſһӰ̽ͷ׳׳˾ͽ˵ɶ

ĹȻ׳ĥĥĽˣϻһ¨ӵϺʵĺܣġ

զզ˵񻪿ŤŤľЦһ¨ӵϺȥҲҪͶֺóԵģԼȥԡ

׳ͷϸڽУҰ͵ģ˵˵

ЩСզԵĻаɣ񻪿һȦ

׳ͷʦɶȻ̧ͷʵʵĻشˡ

ۿҪˣ񻪾˵ǻȥɣٺھͲ·ˣ׳ȥ֮ǵҪúö飬㲻ҽ㣬ҲҪΣҪõһ·Ƕ顣

Сߵʱһͷָֹͷһֱ˵ɶû˵




35.  1.11   һб򡭡


̽, 񻪰һˣоϻе㲻ɴ˯һ

Ĳûȫ, ڶ컹һֱڻ˯·Ҫǰŵȫ˯

һ, Ѿǵڶİ

ˣ˷, Լ㣬Ѿڴ, ɲ, ͷҪ˯ˡ

˴, ·ϺǷѧ, ָԺ˵ܸܲҰӰᵽſȥ, ȥ͸͸

Ϳʼӣԥ, 㲡ܴ𣿡

ˣû¶, Ҵö࣬Ҳ䰡Ц˵

ʱľǰ, 䲻ȵģſڴͦ

ſ˼ӣ޼, ЩԾˣһţﻹмӻ·Ͷӣſϴ·ȥ

ſиˮԭö฾Ůѹˮϴϴ·ڼҼһˮûˡ

޼·ѹˮҪͷһ۽񻪡

ôϣ㶵Ķź

޼һʼ벻ڿɶϸ֪ˣ³ķĹ硣

ԣؼ˰ɣ

޼عͷǽһ

ⲻʱǺǵķѧʱ䣬ҲǾɩȥ˻ʱ䣬մûãĸɩͳȺӵģӸʳķ߹ˡ

Сõ˵һֱǣΪ׵ĺ˵

񻪿ԣĲɵĵͷöˡ

Ϊ·˰ɣû뵽߹ȥŤͷʲôֻعͷˣһСֵӣСΰɣϴѣ޵ѣСѡ

ԡ޼Ѿɾںڣˮ֣ˮҪѹˮӸãΪԼûϴɾ

һ¶ü

ϴ·Ǽƣãͺ񿴼ʲô顣

޼˵ת˽һۣСڲˣ˵ôôϴ·ϴ·𣿡

ţСܵĽǣֻܸгϢ飬д֣ȥˡ

ҪĸŮôţԼɷɻǾǲظˡ

һַ֪ˣ׼˵˵

û뵽޼һѶ·ͻȻ˵ҽһɩӣΪͱҴ󣬵ԲҼҵ飬¸йϵ𣿡

զô˵ϵı飬˲ͽסˣⶼΪСںãĸгϢ˻ڼҸϱϴѵģ

ڼϴ·𣿡޼ʡ

¶ɣҪŮ䣬л˵أǽһڻҳž֪ˡ

һǲͽͲ˵ˡ

Ҫ˵޼ûϢ 

ķԱҪûϢûгϢˡ

ʶô

ɫڨڨģ仰ָϽ˴󲿶ӡ

ɶ˰ǣ񻪳ıӰۡ

洵һᣬٻ˯һ˵죬һǾô󲡳ˬˡ

ʰӾͶڷſڿһͷСԴȫȥٵͷͿǶſſڡ

Ƕſڸɶ˵ɶ˵æţЦ˵

û˵ƽֵ߽Ž񻪵½˵裬ܲܲҪߣҳԺТ˳ģ衣

Ҳ裬ѽ׶أǺ衣תָ˵費Ҳ԰ҵ衣

㲻Ҫ𣿡ƽĨ˵

񻪳˼Żû˵޼Ҳˣž͵ݹһŶ

Ʊ񻪿̧ۣڸ𣿡

޼ӦʱܻģͷðĺȣҲܽ˵ϸ

ɶˣĦŴƱ

ӦѡؼңҸ˴ƱǺúùӣİɡ˵⻰ֿۣ׼زˡ

񻪿ŴƱû˵

һ޼żԽԽˡ

ҪߵſڵʱһССӰ˳˽޼Ļ

һƽ˸

ƽŴЦЦıȹ껹ģӦ

ºӣ޼۷ˣ̤ż˲ʣ񻪣Ը

˵ţʶģҪϵİӹ

һˣˣֻ˵ûдӦء

ңӦʲôֻ˺

񻪼ǵԹȥ֮ǰ޼˵׷㣬֧㣬㡣

ϱӵ񻪵ĵطĸѧʶʶʲôʱĵһͨ

ǽ񻪻һбԭ

ڣô׷ˡ

ߣҲԼҪ

ȫһʰ꣬ȵһȥ³Ǳ˼٣˵ûȥϿˡ

һ˵εĳʦѾؼˣߵſڣûȥֵøϷƵġ

Ͽֽ֣ɻ棬ڹУ֮񻪷Լ뿪˼죬ЩȫҰĲˡ

ںվ˰죬ѧֵ÷һţѹû˷ʦѾˡ

񻪿һڽĿʼ

³ѧУĶҵӣ׼ˡ񻪵ͷһЦãԴһѣ̸ֶҸ㽲·ˣɶҲûѧᣬ֪𣿡

Ҳǣʲôֽɻ㲻úѧϰԺ뿪ķɻ

ӽҺһ·ߵǰ棬һ·һ·˵ЩѧѾɵƤ˻

վϽ̨񻪷鱾׼ȸǸϰǰѧĶ

˭֪һǰѧ֪ʶ뿪˼죬ЩӾȻһɶ

ü񻪾ˣشƴô

ǺǰߵģҲģҵĺӣʮҡ

ʱվźڰϵĸ˰죬ֱ׳һ䣬ʦҲᡣ




36.  1.12һ   Ǳ˭ϴˡ

᣿ǰεʦûǽ, ˵ʦ˼죬ôҲɶҲɣⶼĶˡ

˭֪һſ, Ȼ˵ʲô, ʦҾǲҪѧ̫֪ʶ, ڵǸɸ

ԣѧЩɶð, , ЩܺƤ, ЩܰǵƤʦ, Щǲѧ

Ҫɸ

һʱ䣬͸ƵģһȺƽʱͺܵƤѧϰ, ͺϲʦŸɵĺ֣̾ˡ

Щ, ƽʱϿҲʱٻе߳ģʦ㵽, ִ𲻳ʱ򣬶ͷ˵

ڿɺˣһȺ˸߾˫, øӣ˵ѧϰЩ֪ʶɶöûС

Ҫָ嶼֪ӱѧϰ

, Ͽʱ䣬Ǹָģ¡ɨһۣڿָҲ㣬һ㸸ĸ㡣

ϵҲˣҪ˵ԼҺǵóЬƨ¡

ˣǿʼϿΡ

һÿ񻪾ͷˣֻ⼸ѧϰƤĺָ

һĺӶʼãѧϰûʲôãŪȥ͵˾ͳȥɸȥ

񻪵֮ǰѧ֪ʶʮѧֻ˵ĿİͰ͵ģɶ

ǷˣԼڵ⼸ѧﵽľȫɳˣѧϰҪˡ

͵취¾ãֻѧϰܸıˣ

ⲻĿˣϰһߵȱߣҡҡһȺӾŶӣһѷҪѧУſܣϽؼҳԷȥ

ÿҲ״򲻶ģҪżӻȥԷ

ǣŰֵǰQţ񻪻ɶ

޼һĺ磬ǰĳţȥӶܡ

Դӽ񻪲һأԼ֣ƽʱһҪɵĻԺ󣬾֪ϴ·ʰЩŲۣҪǷǳġ

֮󣬻ῴżʲôˣϴɾк˷˰ֱ࣬ܳ

Ѿкõİײ˿ţȥˣ꣬·Ӫⲻ

ȱؼңҹȥ˸ʳ

̧ͷһƽֵѾߵûӰˡ

Ű䣬û˵裬ûŶ

ŤͷһֵûѾյһȥˡ

ɶأҲȥǣŸСģȥˡ

һֻǽƽ͸ղŴѧУɱһΪ˳ԷɶҲܵѧǣҲ⣬Χ˸㡣

ôˣɶ

񻪸ʲôֻôĺʡ

Ǻͷžմණϴɾ

һãѧڶؼҳԷ⼷šۿԽԽˣֻøߺһ

ںöѧΧ⣬иѧ֣Ҳ񻪾˶ˣһ̤¼˵Ҳǲõġ

ڴӿѧڽеĽõģѧǶʦЩ𾴣񻪺һеѧԶɢߵط֡

һ߿񻪲ſžСսʿˣһֱھԼ½ǡ

ô°񻪾ʡ

һСսʿק½ǸղŲСմ˻ͣҪ˾죬·զ찡

ǱǺҪģСսʿĲУһֱ˵ǿط

ϵĺӣǾٵģģݵ˿϶ǽžڿž弱һȺҲżֻҧ촽

Ҳ羴žˣ漱ұģ˸⣬ҪȥѧУ͵ʦīˮ潽һ㣬Ϳˡ

ǳûĻĿ

ΪСսʿڴŵսǲɫΪīˮڸǵ͵ࡣ

ɲУСͬѧǲ͵Сսʿͷ󺹣ҪעⲻСܻȥ͵

һܸС˵Ҫ鲼ȥͿ

ţɫĲȥǿͣǿɫĲǸ

ˣһ۾ܿСսʿֱӴͷɥˣһۣ϶Ҫסˡ

һȺҲץģһһð

񻪿˰죬ͻȻ˵а취ϴ

ɶ취

ȾƲ죬ʦţôϴ

ӵĿҲȫڽˣĿ͸ŨŨ֪ͺѽ

ֳڴĿ⣬ý񻪾ãǲһʱƫˣڵľٶġ

񻪿Լҽ棬Ϊƽʱܵ˵ʶԺɣȥԺҪŨȾƾұ֤ϴɾ

û˵һƵĳԺܹȥˡ

СսʿһȺӣô˫۾رεĿŽ뿪ķ

ʮӰɣֿٵ˻ϻŸƿӣֻʣƿƾ

Щ𣿻ʿ˵ֻôˡһǵ˵һǵĻϴžҪס˵˴󻰣ûӴЩͬѧͲˡ

񻪴һСսʿϵգһڣһ½ǣ󣬡ˣҸǽһЩԼ꣬Ļܽˣȥˮͷϴһϴϴɾˡ

СսʿҲŰɣý񻪸Լһ㣬ţɾˣ

ȥˮͷһ壬ٿָָˮͷ

һȺӴչȥ۵һУϴɾˣĸɾˣʦզ°

лƾܽлܼҲˮⲻϴɾ񻪲Ųæ˵

һȺ¶˵лˣǾлôд֪ء

˿̣ڽ񻪵ĳģ֪ʶĿҲġ

Сսʿ·ϴɾˣֱӾ˿ллϽͻȥˡ

Ⱥӻûߣڽߣ˵ʲô

֪ǣܾѧϰãѧ֪ʶòϣⲻ𣿡񻪳ȴ˵ԶģǾ˵ɻģͱԵ׷ӣⶼҪ֪ʶֳ⺰ںţֲʳ

ǻѧѽѧҪɶ˭˵˵

˵ͷղŰСսʿü޵⣬кӵĿУܵģ֪ġ

ʱ򣬺ǵȻţһ

һӾ;˵ѧϰд֡

˵úãڵѧϰԣÿοʼ͸Ц˵

һȺСƨһһ㶵ģһֱڵͷ

ĿһɨͿȺˡ

Ҳղſϴɾˣͦģʱ˵ѧϰüͷһ壬£ֱתˡ

ȫ¶ѽôԽԽã⺢Ӿͺ˭ϴһҪ£




37.  1.12   㱻ˡ

ʵ֤, ˵һ飬һ

񻪸ջѧУʱͷֺ˼뿪ʼСˣ˵˺ܶû, ôһѧξˡ

Ϊ, ԺҲ뵱ڲ˻Ҫʶ, ٲúѧϰһضˣ

Ҳв, ͱ, ֱӾſ˯ˡ

, ùžˮˮ, ԼԸѧϰʦҲȰҲ˵ˣ˼ǲ, ԾͲˡ

˭֪Լѧ, ѧУ顣

ⲻһڿ꣬񻪵øϽذ칫ҵˮɤӸɵĿðˡ

һˮȥ, ææľͽˣ־ߣ, 棬磬ˡ

СŮ, ԭû˽̣֮󾭳˵˼Ҳֵˡ

Ȼô˼϶ܱ

㿴ڴˣȥ񻪸Ͻš

ǰקţںţôҵһţ˺š

ΪѧУĿǰֻ࣬ŻûھȻۼ˺üС

һߣҲ׳Ÿľڲͣţš

üСţһֱýǣŭ˵ǵţϾ͹

ԶԶľͿˣʲôأ߽һûˡ

ɶƵĿǽϣѾӻڵһһģǸһֱôһŮԴһ£ҪЦһ

ڽСŮ·룬ѾϴĿ췢ˣʱһǿĶڽһ£ʯͷܿСкˡ

ͣ£˭׼Ǵ˵ģ

¹ӣ񻪸ЩСкһƨһ£ǲһˤǰָЦƤɺ޵ŭ˵Ϊɶ۸С

к۸СŮ˶ڽﲻƽˡ

ɵˣȻЦڡ

ƾɶ񻪰СϵĻҳһ߰ڻ

С̫ǿˣ֮ûȥˣסֲ㱻⻰Цˡ

ʱңޣĸţˣʱңޣǵ˼룬д𣿡ʾ˵ʦҪٲǾһզʱң

ţС˼ѧֲʶˣȻѧᳶƤ죬Ҫʼˣ

ڴŮʶԼϵģǰȡ

ǰΪĺƯ۾ڣرˮ飬ټѧϰĺ棬Խӡ̡

Сͦģչѧ֮ø࣬ټϼеʲֱӾͱԳɺ࣬·ţˡ

СﵱʱСûܵʲô˺˸취ѺӺǮһ͵˺ϵĽңǰȴСڴ̼ҳġ

ʦڽһʦҪٰһһ𶷵ġһָ˹ɭ

ⷤӳĹҲֱ׳ȷʵСȸǸޣ˭ܲһš

ʱַҲϢϹˣΪֻͨСӴܣܹʱ仰ûһģŵˤڵϡ

ǿţܵߣһҪߣڷأСͬ־¶Ǿͱ¹˰ɣȵĳɷֲУ͸ǶһǱ͡

ѹСܡɶžˣֵѧУҪǣ

ַϼҵʱɿ̫ʱҪ²ͽԺ⼸ѧʦһ

񻪳֣һ䣬䣬ţƾɶ⺢ɶޣʱң֪Ȼûµʱͱ͵˵ϣɶ

УʦΪѰƳȥǾܰǸʼͷֻҪŴܰʦͬѧڽµĸоһĶң²ֻǰһˣǲܣҹܣ

ڵһվ˵Ҫھҿۡ

һֱ򣬷Ѹˡ

Ž񻪣һͻȻ³һ䣬߾裬ھڱʱңޣҪ㣡

񻪸ղŵ˰죬뿴ʲôأˣͱһ¼

ֻб¼òѧôһаɣ

񻪲ҪЦˣ˵ϱڱ߽ǴСҪ¼㣬ҶܻŻصⱲˡ

һзɶֽϻ㣬ޣ𣿡ۿ༥

Ϊޣ˼Ҫ죡ʼİˣɫʼˡ

֪ô䣬Ҫٶȥ˵ɶء

񻪱ƽһʣ㣬ǰ磬ڰ嶼ⲻͶ죿ҽֵʱѧ棬ϸⲻ˼죿

Ҫ˵һ˹ˡ

ǰһŭʣڴҶ֪ҪŽһаģӵʿǰ㣬㰮𣿡

ǰһѲۿҪᣬȭͷ˵ҪúѧϰЧңΪṱ

ҪŽˣҪǲ˼⣬ڲ׼ˡʣңʿʲô˼

һʣֱӰŵһƨȥˣֻ۾ֱţҿ뿴ûĸӰԼ˵仰ҶʼرĿˣ˵ˡ

ڵϲ˲֣Ͻ˵ҴˣҲˣ˰ɣ

񻪷ҪЦˣӶ˼ǮֱƴģҸ㣬У㱻ˣҹؼȥԺ˭ٸѧУŶ˵ķ۸ˣ̸ҹؼҡ

ѧУѧϰģǸЩ𣿡

żǮֱҪµˡ

ַڻع񣬴Ӻ׷ѹ˵СǲðɣԼǮѧУ֪ô죿

ԣţڸУȥǼëƱڵľ˵

ҲʱУſ̤ˣǸʦұǸ³ΣҲڼְУ

˵Ǻǣˡ




38.  1.12   ͵

ѧУ, ʵ̫»ؼˣǸŵģӡ

ּͥ³, ˵Լ裬ų, СֻҪ۾, ȾͿʼˣСһʱ, ܵŵӡ

ڼұ, ܺ, ű裬ֹ, ɶء

ףѧУˣʦͬѧڽ, ⲻͳˣ

ճɶ˵ľˡ

ʵɺ, ıؼңԺѧУҪԼѧ

ʦҸǸ˰, 㲻֪ҪǱˣҰֻҵ, ҲˣҲˣ𣿡ֱӾͿʼˡ

ôͲ, ּұ裬۸ǰȣСŮ޹

ǰڻ߬ȭͷ־ֺ޵Ķ

УѾǵһҲڿϸҪôɣ㲻Ҫ𣿡һָţˣһؼҸȥҲУ㻹ߣ

ҼǵȽŲɣҪϷй㣬ѵͲݺݵĳһ٣ô˵۸㣬ֺ޷йڸСĺϣҽ뿪㡣

ʱ³˾͹ˡ

Сͬ־զǣһɻ

ιղŻһ˥װֱӾܵ³ǰ¿ˣУҵø˵ʦȻҪңûǮûѧ𣿡

 ɶ¶ˣ³λͷԡ

һֱۿţͿԼˮԼĨڡ

ײĲᡣ

ֱӾߵ³ǰһ仰û˵һ䣬ڿ˵ҪָúѧϰЧץѧУһСŮùӴԴ˵ҪʱңҸǮؼˣ˵¶Բԣ

СŮһСŮʲôģ³ͺˡ

ҲиСŮ³СѾǣŮϲŮ³۵ýŵѧ͵ѧУء

ǣСŮױΪˣҵ˵һ䣬ûµʱͱ͵˵ϡһָָǰ˵

ǰģһ˫۾һӾ󾢶վţž۰

ǿЦģҸǸ𣿴ˣԺҲˡڵǸ

һЦ

һ룬³ξָϴſˣǰɣǮؼң㱻ˣѧУҲˣȥ

һɣֱɵˡ

֪ΪɶĺܣǲӹϽϵ쵼˾֯Ͻ㶷һס

ڶ԰ĶţʱʱľҪսɧţҪǱ

ʣ˶ˣѱĶˣ˭㣿

ԣʹٲԸһͷջǸɥ֮ȮƵģһȺѧƴģУ԰

㣡



Ժ˭ѧУְϷҲҿķǳԣղŵѧ˽͵İɣͷӣȥ³°æԽ˵

񻪻ڸǰȲأСŮͦã֮˵ллʦȻ͸СȥϿˡ

һϰΣҡһҡոձϽ˷ѧȫһ̵ܽ˽ңǸĸСӻҪԡ

ʱ³λûߣһлҪ˵ӡ

ȥ칫̸̸ɣѧУ¶Ҫ˵ġ

ǣһ˾ͳŽҰ칫ȥˡ

ǣ³ξͽ˵ǳʦСӦʶˣСҸܣǰ㲻ڵʱǳʦΣǹ۲췢ѧУʦ̫٣ְһʦԺͬʱ

ʦͼ֡

ͦ˼ģʦϴ˵Ըͷ¿Ը̵ϵѧǰȴˡ

ΰɣ֪ʶһûн̣ѧǾȻѧ˵治֡

Ȼ֯ŵģ˼Ҳûʲô󣬽񻪲˵ɶ

ʦɫģŻе㲻أһ֣ţԺͬˣǻ

³ιæˣǻʶԺ˵γԼţĿǰĺ˼ÿΣŰŰɡ

ʦǵϵϽʦַеţҲܿ˵ĿǰҸСʦ࣬ģҴѧ˼ϣ

˼Ʒ¡ʦľ˵

Уǿγ̱һ¾ͺˡʦ˿Ͽεʱڲͷϵĺأоʦġ

ʱ칫ʣˣֱˣʦѧǶͦڣͦǣʣǲǸǽⷽ飿

ֻǽ˼£ⲻ𣿡ʦߵ˵յķ̧˵ҺǾͺںţһûɶİɡ

ûɶ³θղ˵ҲˣԺע㡣˵仰Ͽγ̣Ͽȥˡ

˵˼Σʵʱ˼κ͹㷺ģһҪһֱ˼롣

Ըǽ£ϵ״ٽ˵ĵ

ΪǰΣʱʱľҪȥſڻһȦڽҺŷߣûкֽͷӶϿοС

ȥҺſʱͻȻͷһ顣

ʦϿ̲ģҲû·Žţһ뻹ڽСӣһͿʼ˸¼

һ뻹ڽ˲³Կ࣬һ˵ʱ龰ЩѧԴЩѧȷʵ߬ȭͷһԾԾԡ

ȷʵûн䲻롣




39.  1.14һ   ںӵˡ

ʦһ, ѧǵ˼ȫˡ

ʲôûнʲôˡ

Դˣ˸취

ⲻҪۿҪп, 񻪾ڰ˵ĩԳɼǰ, нģҽ, һǷ״ǵľ͵úúѧϰ

ﻹͦ, ˵仰֮, ˵һ, ȫʼͷӶˡ

Ҫ˵ӣֽ, ͬѧǲôģǿǰ

ʦԺϺ, Ҳ𣿡ѧ˵ˣܺ, ǻǵÿѧһ콪˵ģϿηҪ֣Сȫٵø߸ߵġ

Це˵, ԣǻʲôǣ

ǡ˵

ͷĺмǣҺûţ, Ȼụ᳢̂ζ

Ϻ֣, һȺӲ۾ڷŹˡ

ԣҵǰ˵úõģĲǳԡ˵

һϰΣƽʱ飬ϲһ˵ģȫӺúѧϰˣƽʱѧϰõģһۣʼĬĬѧϰˣϾԵ֮ǰǶǾأ

Цǣʦí˾ѧУʲô

һΣûչжͿˡ

ڶθ棬ֽ׼治ܺѧѧͷ顣

ʦȥһaoeöѧĬдӦþпԵˡ

aoe һһڶӶģЩܿɶҽβ棿ʦûҲûյǵıӣǲҽЩ˵Ĺ£

ȻܷѧУһʦַϿεʱرףǰ컹ѧУ﷢һͨʱʦţԼҪߺͰ׵·ߣѧ£

һѧıӣɨۣʣѵǲԸЩˣ

ЩɶģкϺֺóԣдúó𣿡һѧſˮʡ

ʦǴӦǣҪпúãԳӴ

ʦ÷ˣȺ˶¿ĳ嶯˱ӡ

תһ룬ˣҲһݹͣҲͦãϰ¶ûȫѧϰ

һϣһѧϰģһĲѧϰġ

ͱƽƽʱڼǵͣǣϺ֣ЩʱʱľܳԵȻͲˡ

ϿεʱһҶţмѧλϡ

ǰලĬдʽ˵ܵأ

ͷĬд˷ھ룬ָŲٳ˵ü˳ȥˣ˵ȥժҬӣҬˮ

Ϻ־ժҬӣΪϵǣڽûɶ⣬һˮûɶΣհ

벻ȥˤʹҪҬӵͷϣҲܵġ

ŸС̹ڵľѧУٳˡ

һ༶ѧУòģʦſڶţѧ˾ֱӰһǴӴųȥ˸취ӲٳĹȥ

ٳиԭѧУûؽʱöҰεȫûˣš

񻪵ǣͿüѧΧڹԱߣǻûüȥ

ʦƽˣβһѧӵ˵

ҲֻѧǲѧϰϲԵʲôһƨһӣָŽ˵ȥϿΣˣֱŲѧϰǰɣȥú顣

ȥѽʦƽʱ¿εʱ˳ȥƤӣڴҶѧϰûˡһѧҲί˵

ţǰѧϰ̫ţȥˡ

Ҳѧ㶫㿼ѧʶԼ֣֪ļӼ˳ԺȥˣҲȱѽ񻪸ӣľ˵

⼸ȷʵǷӦ̫ѧϰҪͳͳϴѧȷʵ̫ʵ

ٹϼ꣬ȸĸ￪ˣǳȥһһ죬˵ҲгϢأ

ʹ⣬ϼ֣ȥҲеơ

˵ѧƨ룬ôֻ˽ҡ

߽ҪȥԼڹĵùˡ

Ǻģ޲ƽƨɴһ١

ôѧϰûѧ㣬İڸأܳȥ

һƽЦ˶Ƥ

⺢ӣ񻪵һμʱݰͰ͵ģֻСӣ˰꣬ƽֺãزɵģۼžͳˣƨɡ

ʵѾȥˣƨɿڹ

裬ҰγȥòáƽͷһߣĴ

ʵϣԱ߻һȺС˹ȫţͷƽ룬˵զˣ·أ

ЦһӳƨˣȸңûУ

أˣӦѧƽ˵

һӣԺ󻹸𣿡

ˣĲˡƽϽ˵һ䡣

˹ӣӹ˰Դϵ񻪾̾ˡ

öܺѧԺ󲻳ĻгϢģʱ򣬼϶ױӵƽͺײƽ⡣

ƽ⺢Ҳиܰŵ㣬ִţǿ϶˾Ͳ

ѧΪûҵĿꡣ

񻪸ɾϵˣԺɶ

뿪ꡣƽҧָͷӵ˵𣿡

ϱӾǿķ꣬ΪϷУ⻹رá

ǣ˴򽻵˵еһ׵š

Ȼԣ𣿡ʡ

ƽһ£ԼֿϷһĿǡ

˵뵱ְһɻ

˵ţѧŵϵľ˾˸񣬾Ȼܱ׼

⺢ӵȻһֱһΣ

İְ֣ףǷԱƽرر֧ȥ׷롣һϲ˵

ɳʦ˵Ǵ˵һӲгϢ

ڷš˵˵ôţ񻪲ҪˣҾ;ҲúѧϰһأһУôΪ˵ɥˡǷԱҲҪѧģְɻӽ𣬾һúѧϰϴѧòã

ƽ˵Ĵ̧ͦͷã

һͷ˲ˡ

裡ҵĿ

صظĹװ㣬ϻ˺öСڴƽװ˺öóԵģкÿСʯͷڿӲˣʳȫˡ

ղŻˡ

ƽصңƽʱֵǹӾ󾢶ѧϰϣһҾͰ鷭ʼдҵ˿Ҫȥҳʦˣʲôëھ˵˼ҵĺӴ

һ칫ңʦİ칫λյġ

˼ξˣŻʦһ˵




40.  1.15һ   

һʼ񻪲ûаѳʦ, ΪУҲΪԭ

кܶӣеܿȡ

ʦֳ, ôĿȣԼαװ˲ôĸӡ

εʱ˵Ĺ, Ҳûʲô⣬ʹ³ǰ, ˼Ҳֻ̯˵ֻڽа

Ϊ, ǼһֺĶ, ֶᱻŴ

ǰʱΪ˲, 񻪺ܶණûй˼ѧУ֮Ҳûϸ롣

ַǱ߾͸˵, ̫С㷢ʲô⣬ҲҸϵϽʦʦԵġ

ڲòϸϸ˼һ, ʦҪɶ

ȻҲȥ³˵, ʦڻûвȡʲôжǸǽ˼¶ѣйĶָûС

һϽʦ, ȥ쵼״ѣԺøӵĽƻ, ᱻһء

񻪾͵ڶϿεʱƽΪڣ̽̽ϵס

˵ƽ, ˣҷǳ˵ģǿ㡢ѿһ죬ڿ㣬ѧ֮ǰĵģСڿ_ڼ

ɺãѧУûѧزȥңôſɿڿΡ

ȵ˷ѧʱƽСţţѾĲˣ֪ΪɶҪڿˣ

У˵ȻҪҪԸѵҲΪ˿⺢ǲϱԺᶨִš

Եƽæӵʱ򣬽ֱ˸߸Ҫ㲻СŪƵģǴˣ͸㲹Լ̰棬ԼʱŪˣԼ

ƽڵ߾סˣ񻪻˵ϨƺŻûøϽѽȻֻܸ߸ɴ࣬ʹɿȥѧ߲ߣ

ƽԥ˰죬˵ҾͰڿ㴩棬˾ͿҵĿƶ

ϣȫ˳һأдҵ⻰޿̵ģ˵ܵһ죡㲻ӶһӶأ

ƽ˱죬Űߴüζûгɹȥ޼ǰŵرְ֣ͣ㣬Ҵһ¡

޼ڽֶ̰Ϊǰʱë񻪣۾Լ̾˵Լ

ң漣һĴӿڴһ鶫棬ںûпĵط˽񻪡

õһһɿǹڵģŨ

ƽҲ˰æͲˣҧ촽һһİͷȥˣȻѧƽʱԼ·ӣһһ롣

Ƶĵƹ£Ϣſдҵ޼Сİֶ

ƽڷӣһʼž͸ƵģŷţȻˣܰѷϣѿˡ

Ȼ治̫ƽϵĽ񻪱˫ۣ̾һⱲӣɱϱӺ̫ˡ

ƽĸʱ򣬴ſڽ˸ˡ

ƽڸɶѣôڷ죬ңҰ㲹ϡ

κ÷ϻһϹϣƤǻɫģͷɫʱ졣

һ֪ϹпϹڸһǷ۷ŴŴҷǳģʺϹࡣ

Ϲͳӻܳųԣö˼ңӣͳϹдˡ

Ϲôô󣿡񻪺ϡ棬վӹϹϣ͸ˣҳɶ

ϼҼһҪôԺ￪ٵطֵ߲ˣҪôֻȥʳ˭Ҷԣ

ΪϹǴֳģϵϹϲ֪ô£ձĳĲãССһڸҲզá

Ҽңءκ÷鿴ȥܺãָԼҵķ˵ҼҲǿǿĵһ˵Ϲӣ˭֪ȻˣҾȥһ£ǿرʣԺǶִܳϹϡ

κ÷ȥҴңϹϣ˵ｭĻдҵָϽĻȥˡ

ղʱ򣬾뽪

ûżǴйɵҩζţ޼

ҩζ޼ϸһ£У֮ǰʹ˵еԣڳҩʲô𣿡

ʱ򣬻дҵĽͻȻЦһȻ⣬ϴǾͿùڳҩˡ

Ҫ죬Ǹܲõϰߡ˵ԺȻҸù˵㵱ʱ𣿡

ͷͷдҵȥˡ

񻪽˵Ҹʱڸʳ˴㣬ϾҩƬҵʱʲô˵ȥ˵ʱֿڴϣ˵ëҾ㣬ǼǲʲôŴ

ûС޼˿ԼУ֪ˣңӦ÷ˣҴû˵

˺üµҩҩҩѵûί˵ʲôһ䡣

޼ü˰죬ٵһڣҸһȥҽԺȲҪҽȥҽԺ

¶ãϨƺҲˣƽһҧߣЦĿɿˡ

ڶһ磬ڰ칫ҵţȳʦ̽̽ĵϸ˭֪˸û

˸٣˵Ҳ֪ɶȥʱпѾˡ

֪ѧĳɼʦһʱȥѧУ³Ӳ칤

ãҿһ£һܶѧѾ֪ܣϿҪؼɣʶһʮ³Ӳһࡣ

һϾСӣСĻڲϵſأӶǵҪǣϿ֪ɣ֪ܳȥܣʶһʮѾ֮ϲ

أԾҲˣһǸǰȵСŮɣ˫٣Ҳܲҽأ³ӿۣʡ

Ц˵ԼУиˣ98֣ڶ

³վڽ̨ϣһۿȥȫ嶼ΣţǽһȻ۾ҲֱŹ⣬Ϊ̨нһãһϺ֡

ڶҲˣԺһ㡭³ҲЦˡ

ʦʱģ֮ǰصÿˮԼͷȫģﱧű飬һЦľ߽ˡ

³ѽ̲һţľ˵

ʦ˵ǽŻ㲻ڼҺúϢϢ³ʡ

ʦ˽̲ģ ϢʲôΪҽ˲ţǵʹҲǵĹ٣пûüӭͷ׷ϵʱ򡣡

ţһ仰Լİֳˡ

̬˵رĸߣȥرĵ¸ذ

Ҫ׷ϣҲҪϢ캢ǵĳɼˣĺܲ³Ц˵

ʦͷ̲ģָһ仰ЩԴãͬѧǵİ鶼ˣ֪ҪúѧϰЧ

ЩѧȻǿɲΪƴѧϰģö˶Ŵˮ

ڳʦ⣬һ仰ͳԴ̵Ĺˡ

վԱ߲Цۿ뿴ʦ

ʲôֻҪָҵϷ񻪾͵¶ء




41.  1.15һ   ˵˰찮

˵˰찮, ʦ³νеſڣѹ˵ˡ

˵ѧУҪ, Ҫѡ̵Σ

³ü뷨, ǳѾѡôˣ

ʦЦЦ, ⲻëԼˣѧУʦæĲɿ, Ҳڵϴ˺ܳʱ, о, 뾺λ

̵Σʽɲ, ֯ڣҪǹɵú, н

񻪣ʦһӵ, ڶǸɲҲߡ

뾺̵Σ³ûеĸˣüë̾, ˵Ѿѡˣ˵, ⶨѡС

ʦЦһΪʲô

Ϊʲô⻹ʣ

³ˣǸ, ϰԵ۹͡

ѧУܽСĹҪ˵˾ҪóһĽ̲ģѧУûн³ξ˵

ʦüëһװضׯˣҲЩ񣬡쵼ǵϵϽʦˣǰ·ŵЩҲˣҵϵģһԸΪѧУ׵ݵһ̣һʮСѾͷ쵼ⲻ۸𣿡

굺ֻʣҺУУ˵ӲҰѧУ˵ǰݣҪݽģ֯˵øѧУ°ˣελѵҵģ

˵ͦģ벻ѡ

ڼලѧд֣ںڰдһֶ˸񡱣Ǹ̰

̰ǵģ֪ʦҪɶˣǳŽ̵ελġ

񻪵뽨ѧУʱصȥҹʱ˵ǽһ̱ڿӳˣҪժֳɶġ



Ҫȥڿһ¡³üѾˡ

ʦ׷棬˵أ˵ѧУ֮Ҳ˺ܴҸѧ˼Σ֪úѧϰοԳɼãȫΪҵļල

ҪβУҾʱǣǴӦ˵°һ̧ʦֱҪ쵼ǵԼҪְλˡ

쵼ľǵҲʦһοʦ˭һγ̾͵ݻ

䣬ҺͻȻžһ´򿪣иСԴð˳

㶼󲻵ôŵģƨεڵϣ󵹣󵹣Դ̽˺ţֻѾӰϡ

һһεģǺЦ˵š

뵽ʦ̵˵໰⺢ʱĿڣ˵˵Ǻúѧϰһ뱨ڶΪҪһǣҪǣΪʦϿΣϻǲΣɶϵϿξǽЩ߰Ĺ£Ƕ

׳˭㿪ˣͲˤͷڽһ

žһḺ̌޳ڽ̨ϣͺڳʦһ

ģԼڵϵϰελӸˣ˭뵽Ȼ׳˰

³εɫҲѿȻ֪ˣʦǸ˵ĺʵϻϲ͵Сˣģˡ

ӣ³ζһᣬղ㲻ҪְȴְɣѧǶ¡̵ελӣ쵼ҲῪԺپ˭

⻰Ѿװ׵˵ˣѧУ̵ְλڽ񻪣˭Ҳߡ

Цǣ񻪴㵽ڣѧУ

ʦڲǺڣڷ̣λûҪĹҲҪˡ

촽£û뵽Լ˸ӣãҾȻؼңҵ쵼ҶԹҵһƬģ

ؼҵ·ϣʦһ·룬Сʱ򳤵ڣСʱ˵࣬ԴӳԺ󣬿ɻû˭ϳԹӡ

ҪĶҲûҪġ

̵ελӣҪˡ

ʱǰĽ񻪣ͳждˡ

˸գʦؼд˷ţרųš

ˣ㶫ɽ᳤򶫡

ʦдţڵϷ֣϶ߵλһиƺô㷴̴˹

̣



̵λӣ񻪲ûи쵼һͨ磬ͷˡ

³רŰΪ֮ǰһΣξͲҪ󣬵쵼棬񻪵ĵʽɸɲˡ

˭ɶ¶˭Ҫʲôλӣ˶ˣƤӾժ˵ӣ

ԼµĹʣ˳·ȥһ˸ʳǸӰóԵһԼⲻӦõ

ûʲôˣⲻÿʳ⵵ϻһʵļð͵⡣

µףɩǵĹʺǵĽõĹģǰõ˹ʣָǵ⣬

Ҫ٣Ĵʡ

ȫҪ

񻪿̫ˡ

ǰ䣬컹иɱѼӣⶫʵûʲô˳ԣΪйζ

񻪾а취ر㣬ͶܲѼ

ײһţ۲һȻо²ˣ񻪺ȥӵģڿûкı䣬Բ͸ûˣֻźա

һӣյң͸Žš

񻪣զأƨˡһŵ˵

һķгһһģ񻪻ڰͣĻ˭ƨɣ

һģ㲻֪˵ʦйˣ˵Ҫ㣬˵˼벻ϲҸ䣬ϲzb硣

ˣϵҪأ

Ȿͨ˰ɣвפأ쵼ˣô񻪾ÿϡˡ

һĸпԲ˵ţ˼ҿɲ˵Ҫˣ˼ֻ˵ߣֻȥ;ߣԲܣô˵ˣ˵ܲϵ

˵Ǹ˾ɽĻ᳤򶫣ʱ㰲ʲôܿʼˣǡ

񻪻ڰͣڹﹾཹཱུķţ͸ɫһһ׵Ҩ´ɸӣǼδµˡ

һЦ˵Ǿҿܶɶ

磬һȺ̾װˣžˮƺƵľͳŽ񻪼Ҹˡ

ϸյϣһ̶ûͣЪľȥˡ

ڣҪ񻪼ȥ

ǰǳʦɽͷˣ򶫡

ʦ˵Ǹ˼ˡ

ǰЩˣ䶷ķӲôҶµҪһίŷɥҪǳɷֲһֱ˿ӡ

򶫴ɽᣬǡǡЩ󣬸ֵõһС塣

ԭڳ򶫣Ե޹ʵȥ䶷ˣҪɷֲãĶߡ

ȷ֤ݣ˲ľɲյ߷ڵҪ䶷ʱҲݵġ

ҪΪ쵼Ҳɿڣߡ

ǰ棬ԶԶĿμſڣüʣãȷ˼벻ȷҸ䣿

ȷͽһһ⣬һֻʼƶũ𣿡´ȵǰţǰѧУշһǮڴҶûʣ˭֪ǲ͵ѧУǮˡ

´ڣԼϲɾܾñҲɾ

һȺС˼ſڣѼš

˭ʡ

ʵѾŵòˣֱɪɪŹվǰСϸҲڴ¡

ʿٵСӵٱҸ䣬粻⣬̿ţǵļġſڣԴǡ

һʦȿġ

Ϊ˶񻪣ʦ촩һոµѣȻôرĴʱԴһļơ

Ҫ񻪻벻취ԸȻѰ·ˣ

´˳ʦһۣЦˡ

ӣ񻪾˵ɣǿ֤ݣҵ粻ҵ֤ݣϷҲǶԲҲҪٱ

ʿͬ־ṫоɣ

ǵȻлһȦüëˣΪʵûɶرģ͸ļҲࡣ

߽ӣϷŵʣµĲˣʦ˹ȥˣָżʣڴҶûʣģǲŲѧУǮˣ

񻪻ڿЩСأعͷЦһʦһʦϣҲҪŵʦļӣЩýϸõĹģұɽ̵ˣ𣿡

д⣬ʦһҪҧˡ

ݺݵĶץסһеϸڰѽ񻪶ȥ̵Ρ

еطһ飬ĻҶͳˣʣûп

ֻһ˽ȥ

ʱҲڣԼǱùøһΣ˼ˡ

ȥʱҲܾӸһȦٴ¹񣬿ȫǺɫľװзԱķװˢһ¾͹ˡ

Ѳˣûκ⣬߰ɡתߣҲоеѲԱļҰҵ˵ڻڷɻѲء

ɶͲٲһ飿ʦˡ

ʲôû

⻰û˵꣬ӺܴһСľȻߵ˴ͷ

ĴͷΪϳ곱ʪһѾˡ

һ߹ȥͷ͵ˣһĳˤڵϣһʼǡ

ƳһۣϴģڵıʼǣдĶ˿һ۾ͷΣϹѧдĹʽܿġ

򶫿¹Щװʱ򣬾ѾûˣʱԼ˼ҵĹˣϽԲһǣȥľٴһ

Ϊ˵ǺܽϽǱʼһģĴĻҳţɫͻȻͱˣһҳϸĿš

ʱ޼ǣ˽üܳҼѲ飿

񻪿ƳȥϾЩ޹أҪǱɽ˲ϣǻĹҲö԰лɳá

飬񻪱׼ԼģڿһֱűʼǱǷʲôʹˡ

òǸڱʼǱдʲôĻɣ

ʱûôȫʽ͸ˣòᣬ»Լ˰ɣ

ǣѲ飬ѳ˶һűһһ˵йңѩⱾдأ𣿡

˵һӣǺ¥дѽдɶãд

ľɣҲֻдһдʣǺ¥Ȿ顣

˵󲻴˵ССͿôˡ

ڼдֶ˵˼û⣿û˵ɣ򶫣ʦںҧгݣǳһڶ

תţô˵û뵽޼ȴǰӹʼǱһᣬ˺ֽ

ǾѵĶⶫʱǿ1952꣬ʱûľɡ޼űʼǱͻȻ˵

ΪʲôˣĿţʦںš

޼ֱӰддʵֽһţӽֽܿһɶ

ȻⱾʼǱ񻪺ͼǰص֪ʶҵĹ˵аΪûзһ֣ľѾˣ𣿡

ʵͽģȻԥĵԼǰ

˻˺ܳʱ䣬ǳȰһʱ⣬Ƿ˯ǰִǳӦãҲ޼ͬ־񣬸лΪĹס

žһ£˸кԼֵǣҪˡ

񻪳һ֪ҪѲʱصؼһ飬˭֪ǰ˰û˿ıʼǱȻס

Ҫ޼ϻ治֪ʲô顣

ڣⳡΪʦҲӦˡ

ȵȣҸղ˵ˣҲжٱ񻪴Ӻ׷

ٱ˭

ߵĳʦָ˵

ٱɶʦЦһ

ǰֱһѾͰ·޶ˣɶζĴ£ϴŵֱҲ㲻֪ɶаٴǿбζı۵ˣΪûܷ֣㣬Щģ

ҪΪɶ֪ϴѧʱиĹŵѣһȥݳ򶫽ĶģһɣиĶ




42.  1.16һ   ߣ˺㶷֮

Žָ, һʱڳСĿ˳ʦϲ˵ﻹĥء

ɶиζ, ɶиٴ

ʦǼ·ɾɵģĸӹƨóƵ, һһʼʱ, ˵᳤ĹùӣȻֱӰѡ

ڰٴ, СǾ͸, ǲһɾɵֱ

˵, ڳˣ˽, ûһ֪ʦϴŵЩǵļֵж఺

ͬ־ٴ, ζЩɶ, ʲô𣿡ͷԣȻͣһ˵

ʱʦɫѾ, ɶɶζģҲ֪·, ֱ·ϼġ\"

˵ţֱӾͰֱһߣ, ӿˡ

Ҫô飬ôǿװ򶨵Ľͣǻû⣬һ©ӣСΧˡ

˳ּǿֱָ˵ǹֱڴƣɽѾ˰ɣֱĻҪ󣬼ˣҲֻʲ׼𡣡

Ǽ·˵ǿⲼ𣿡

ɲɶϣô棿иСŮ꿪·ϵһң;ȵĺˡ

ʲôϣڹڸ򲻵Ҽ۸ҲǳⶫܼҸʵٱͬ־һﻹкܶݳƷ˵ر侲

رмʦԸ˵ľɣҪɽˣҪǳȷʵƽǸҪߵˣ¶ô˳

򶫽ӹֱ˰죬һŭ𣬡ߣȥѲ顣

ƾɶ򶫣ùðҪȥָӼ𣿡

ʦĸСšţڲͣء

˳һϯܵס

֮ǰȥѲ齪񻪵ļǲǲ׽ӰһСϢԴڳʦϿȷ֤ݣڣСǲŲǲǻ᳤ĹùãǾ͵䣡õе˶Ϊ䣡

˹ʱСǾֱһȻĸǡ

ͬ־ʦǵϵϽʦѽҵأզôѺأ˵һϵڼ޲Լ

˵ʱ򣬻кö˶ӼܹһϡΧء

ֻҪֲǷԼϣǶϲȥ

СųɳӵĹȫڼﲻҿڿҪˣȫ˹

СҲʮ һѪ˵ҵʲôζʲôֱģڼҲضˣ

ŶҪ˰ôһ˷ܵʡ

ҪأǾصĶȻ·ţҪؾ䶷

һ·˵ţҲһȺС˳ʦļſڣʱ滹һƨɵ񣬻кüɩҲĹˡ

Ҹе˼Ҷ̫һ˵ɷˣһ׾ӡ

оϻйѸǰǷǶ࣬𿴳ʦѾôͣƽʱͶ֦˻١

ļǾû˸׵ţ˵ȥˣƤϷ˵ġ

ҪΪɶʦԼΧǽˢ˰ɫȻúڰǽд˱һһ䣬ֱߵ¼

ˣȥ֮󣬷Ҳ¼Է룬Ҫдȭ

ⶰƽʱҶƵߣֱʥַˡ

죬ʥڷ䡣

һ·ϳʦͼѼԿˣôҶš

͸˵Ⱑָʲôء

ǳӹùԿ¾ʹ˴ţֱӴ˽ȥ

񻪵ûнȥżվſڡ

ƽһֱ̽ͷ̽Ե濴룬ƽ˵㿴˶¶ʱ򣬳ʦ£˵ʲô֮Ļⶼģ𣿡

ϰο䣬ƽ̫ķӦ죬ƽʱѧУĲеĳʦȻɥ֮ȮƵı˿Ѻţģͨˡ

ǹģƽ߬Сȭͷ˵

ԣ費Ը͹ɱĺӣǲģ㻹ҪԱأԲԣźӲķ˵

ƽ⺢ӺֵģԸûûΣƢҲͷǼﺢӲһһȫ죬ȥƵ֡

ҲŲܿʮңԲģҪúѧϰƽ˵

һ༶һʮӣƽʮʮܴˡ

˵ţղųȥһٶҷСˣ˵᳤ûҵʲôζҲû

ʦļֱĲٺ죬רĲר

򶫲ţԼ߽ӣȷѲˣ

ԣҴ¶һ飬ԺҲҹˣɶҲûУԺǾɵģûзĺۼСͷ˵

ʦһıݺݵ죬ȵķŻ˶ѿСܵǰˣ˵Ǵ·ϼģɶŵģʲôûѵ𣿡

һź̫ƾ·Ҷƾɶ

üݺݵŽ񻪣һ˵ǽˣֶӣԺ󲻰ѽ񻪶һݣ

ƾ·͸˶ƾɶǵţҪ׶ϷãҪȥȥʦˣ˲϶Լļӣڵ˵

򶫵ɫҲѿЩԥĿŽ񻪡

ϾһʼǽȾٱģݣ˽ȥѹùõķӶĵһҷҲ˵ȥ

ʱ򣬽ͻȻż⣬յ񻪶˵˾仰

裬ҪҵصЩ͸ͺðɣвУСС˵

ҲתȥСʣ˭ְ㲻Ǻ˵ǳ𣿡

Ҫǲͺãܾ㲻ˡš͵ģü˵

Ϊý񻪸ˣԸʱͶ޼

ڽ˵ģҵʦĶԴˣҲе㻳ء

⺢ĺϸ۲Ҳܷ˿Ķ

߹ȥ׼ùõǸĳ˵ͬ־Ҷӿɣ𣿡

ˣһҿ̵ı顣

ǵģ⺢ҲܷǷֲ˵Ķأ񻪰ѽ˳

򶫿˿ѾڷԵĹùã֮ǰ˵ģЩļֵԾҽˣУ԰ɡ

ǽȥһȦ䵹ģҲûʲôɵĶ

ʱ򣬳´Ҳһʤȯյļơ

߹ȥڳʦš

ָӣǲǻָңʦ𽥻ָϣĿɨһȦ⿴ֵֿ񻪡

ʱ򣬽ԺһȦȻῪѹ˸ϵʯͷƿľ塣

ҵˣҪǻⰡʦɫһ䡣

ֽҲܿ죬кС˵Ҹ淭һ𣿡

˸ض᳤ë߸ʴ𣿡С˵ͦɻ󣬵ֱŰͿʼˡ

ŷţףһĤİ

һӴȥʦһİ

һϡϡģȫðɫˮȻѾ͸ˡ

ʦֻ۾һֱӾҪȥ

ĳܲסǼٵװΣ񻪶ιȥŽѶء

ųʦкһѣЦ˵ʦÿһȻԺҪ˵ˡ

СѰ򿪣Ķȫôס˱ӡ

ȫɫģһĶѬ죬ֱ˻Ҫ

Ůһˮųˢϴɾˡ

ƽΣмɫܺõӡ

⣬ֱֱʣȫǹʴơ

ٷ˷һ˸ӣҲһϰȫƤ£йƵ·

еŮģϵٵģѼȫˡ

һ˲䣬ʦ֪ԼˣɫǸ˻Ҫ˵ⶼҼģ򶫣Ҫ붷ùãǾͶɣҪǶƽƣ٣ǾͶɡ

⣬һ仰Ҳ˵

û֤ݣô죡

ڼֱڱԼ˼ڻϿˣ˵ҵ֤ݣأҲ֤ⶫġ

ɣ˲λİǡ

Էڡ

Ҳüˣⶫģѵʦ˵û֪ˣ

һѹˡ

ղŸĺö˶ǵǰѧУѧȻԳʦ˽ĺ

ôǿ黳찡ǲǰѧʱ򣬷ʦóĻ𣿡һ˴յԱߣž˵

һҲչ˰죬ͷԣǷʦģʦǰͱ·ˣǳʦԡģĶզûؼˣ

ʱʦ̫ˣǸʱң

ôһ仰ͻȻ뵽ˣʳ򶫣ʣùǲǺǰͿʼָˣ

ǣԭʡǣwΡ˵꣬Ҳµһֿܣ˲ˡ

ԭԹùûһãٹùֻһʱߴ·ǸܼᶨģģҪЧҵͬ־ϾڿϵģǾһź̫

ڣһʵǰ򶫱ϣʦǸͬ־ǳǮȥġ

ָĻӣרʣЩ˵˼

䶷ݣף䶷ǹҾЩ˼ѹγôֵǮĶ

۾ΧôˣֱӾͿʼֽͱˣдֱ̿ʼ˵Լ͵˶ٶΪһ֮˽Ⱥ˶ˣھͿʼ

һ仰Ǻġ

ʦ죬ŵĿŽ񻪣СѾͷŸֻСèһצӡ

򵥵һ仰ֱţֱҪķθ˰

ߣ˺㶷֮

Զĵ

ЩСĦȭƵģҪ䶷ˣżӾͳ˳¼ҵĴš

ǰȺô˵ĳʦѼﶼװ˸ֺרӣڣҪһֻˣ

˵ֻҪ򶫻ȥ˵࣬ʦЩ飬ʦ͸ñ·ţסţ͸ȥˡ

ܾòôԾΪ䶷̫ף°ѺӸŵ͵ôźȻؼҡ

߳¼Ҵţ̴˳ʦһҽС

żӼӿ˽ŲȻ룬ֲԾģܾã͸Ĳóʦء




43.  1.19һ   ˣҲҪԶ

˳ʦļ, ٹոǸʳˡ

񻪱ȥһԼҲһɷ

ڵıƹڼ﷢һддʵıʼ, ʵ˵񻪻治֪Ӧô͡

ҪǽͲ, ڵͻȫߵʦʲô, ʲôӡ

޼ˣԼ, յһҳֽ, 򶫶ɵ, 赭дģ͹ȥˡ

ߵϵĵ, Цĳ˸Ĵָ

ǰߣʵĵ, ֳۻԱˣҲ֮ǰĶԹ, ڳЦš

ССǰһìܡ

ǶڳʦƽʱװĺͰ, һΪӣʵϣһעڱٱ, ҧһڵĶߣҶ޲ó֮졣

СˣϽȥʵڿ˺öʵġڼҹһʱ, Ȼú˵ˣָָʵĵط

ֲЦˣ¶Цŵ˵ͷͳָķ߹ȥ

һȷʵʣʲôĶУȥأȥա

ʱһֱںƽ˳񻪵ӣ裬ùð

񻪵ͷһһ¨ӵзϴκкڴ˺üľзɵз

԰ɣ񻪺Ц˵

κ÷񻪵һ飬ϴ˵κ÷ͳʦĹϵƺǲϾɩĹϵǵģΨԸ⾭ȥʦһ

Ҳþóʦ̫Ծô·ˣ˵˸ˣ˵ҪҲˣзȥùü

ƽһ˼ҳƺзֱӾùüˡ

κ÷ſڣ񻪻ûüţžʹˣκ÷ҴҵҪߡ

񻪣զˣκ÷ͣ˽Ųһʡ

ƽһ¨ӻз˵رѣùãͺóԵзŶ

ȥ߹ȥæһѣҪȻзֱƽıϣסСӡ

κ÷̽ͷ濴˺üۣǲ࿪üӽȥҽҲܳȥκ÷һѸק˻

ӣ񻪹ţӦ֪ʦϢˡ

˴ԺӣӸۼСƵģ浽һȥ񻪾ڳһ

һѲκ÷ʣ˵ʦڸ䶷Ҫ·ţ

ǣҾٱġ񻪵˵

Ϊɶκ÷ֱӸһ˶ȡ

Ҫ罴зǸ㲻þӣŵҪóԵģڴз

зЩд̶ĵطžһϰзһΪκ÷˶òһ

ͷҲ̧ٱң˵ڼҸʱ塣

ɶ

ûɹȻڱ䶷˾ˡһȥЦ˵ȻҾͷ֣ϴĴĶƣȥѹ֣֮ǰνָʵȥЩ˼͵͵˺ö࣬Ͳڼ˸ͷ

λ˵ǵ߸κ÷Գʦӡˡ

ӡʦǸܺҺϲ˵Ůͬ־

֪ǰΪ͵Ϲʲô̷ֱС¶ͷɻЩ붼롣񻪼˵

κ÷Ĭ˺óʱ䣬̾˵Ҫǲ鵽֤ݣӦûˣһʼΪͦõģ壬ҩβ

ҩʲôҩˣ׷ʵϴҿʱ򣬳Եҩ𣿡

ţɡκ÷˵ˣȰз¹

ʵзһȳζûУ֮һΪзմۣٷŵֱͣӳ£ͼ壬嵽˾Ϳó

зóԣʱҼһϰߣǵĻ̫һ˼ҵģ߶ΣϿխ

ˣгһƬһƬҲ͹ˣٷŵȥζ

һз⣬Ǻǵ񻪻˺㣬ųԣϲġ

˹񻪲Ų˵㣬Ҫҩøҿߣˣ

κ÷죬뿪ڵģͻȻһ䣬ҵܹϵզ׼ɶʱҪӣ

ûһƲأôͻȻһ죬ʡ

ûʲôⲡͱˣԼ

ϴҲ˵ϴ۵ڴ²ʦΪ͵㶫ܰ˼ֵ˵Ҳƭأ˵

κ÷ûⷽ룬ôһ˵ҲʼˣɣΪɶôҸҲûûԹġ

˲ӣ˭֪˵˲ˣҲȫǵͿ˼ұƯ߱ӣ·ÿͳ˸ɶ˼ҡ

ȸңɶëҩ

κ÷ǲ˵ģΪǵطʵ̫ˡ

ҪǽǸŮ˿ڣ˼һǸƻŮκ÷ô˵

һ׷ʣұ࣬㣬Ҹ綼ͦģϴζ۳ҪĲ˵ͷͽϢˣǴȥʡҽԺרŮҽһb

BǸ˷Ǯ

ԥκ÷˵ˣǳʦңǹãųʱҿҩϴ㿴ңȥҩġ

ʲôЦûйŭһ˵

֮ǰʹϵĸҽ˵ָƲκ÷ҲͿˡ

ҽҲԭϵĳŴΪҽȷʵе汾ϵģҲ㵽

ûУһر󣡡˵ն

ʵϣϱҲҽԺƹ˵˹á

ʱѾ˵Ǯȥ˽ҽԺΪԺûڸһϲͨͱ˺˵Ǯ

֮󣬽񻪾ȥҵҽԺʲô鶼ûУ֪òǲһѡ

ȻǲʦȻ˸ҩԣ񻪼ֱ˵Ϲ

˷ƽӶһȦκ÷ҲߣҵĽĸƽһͣѧڴҪ˯

԰кӶˣĽͽѾܿСˣôŴȥԺ

߰ɣߡŴ˵ΪǸС飬Ƕ۳òһ飬Ҳø򿴿⵽ʲôҩûгԳʲôˡ

κ÷Կҽر𿹾ܣ񻪻Ȱ˵ء

ڸŮǵձ״̬ëãƳ⣬ǴԸ⿴ҽġ

ڵϰֲرĺãûжϴһ£һ£ԣƲرƵ

ģ˵ԼȥԺǸҽǸŮģǿģܲԸһ˵ŵСֽȥԺ

֮󣬿ҽ񻪳ͷһЦʾȥ

ʲô⣿ҽ̬Ȳ䲻ȵġ

һݣΧûˣ˵ϾöеۣңͬʱҲеۡ

ҽ̧ͷˣѽ񻪽гȥԼ顣

һᣬŴ򿪣

ǻףȥмһ£ҪעŮҪע⡣ҽһˢˢдŲһ߾˵

óǰҩܲٿҩʲô

ڵҩɲһƿһûؼҳԣҽˣСֽһһƳ̵ҩ͸ȥ

˵ǰɫСҩƬζûʲôҽǿġ

ҽӹȥղ𿪾̧ͷˣ˵ôϣ

ʶɶҩ񻪼æ׷ʡ

άc֮ǰǸʦģһ˵Ҿ֪ˡҽ˵

ԺĴţκ÷Ҫȥҳʦˣ񻪸סˡ

㣬Ѿ䶷һ٣ȥҲûɶ˼˵侮ʯҪңиõİ취ôЦ˵

κ÷֪Լɸɵһˣôʱ䣬ǸѻͲ˵

Ȼ񻪿˿ڣûٳ嶯

أؼ֮Ҳһ£ʦԿάC˵֪Լƭˡ

֮ǰ˵ģҲóԵġ

˻Ӳ٣ݼãҪ·ţ˵ȥ˸ˮĵط

ЩҲ̸Ϊ뵽ʱɷͷ糾͵Ļˡ

ٻ˼ңˣȻҪӰ࣬Ƕһŵġ

֮ǰѾϴ˸ˮ裬۷ţо׼˯ˡ

ʱ򣬽ڴϣ˵磬쿴򶫱ʱ㲻£

޼ڹҴ£˳ֵҪ񻪵һˮ⻰Цˣ򶫣ԭϺմѧʱ죬һֱ׷ϴ磬һΪӲʹû뵽ڶɽ᳤

ԣ׼ͦģԲô侲ʡ

޼ֿʼоˣоô£ô

ڿһ۴ϣţεεСӣ촩һܱҲ͹ĵ˯£ʱڴͷƤůƵĵƹյġ

ôأ޼ܶ飬ʱֻ뵽һ֬

ʹǱҲϻⱾʲô£˼Ҳû⣬˵ʱķǰģҪչ˺㡣޼ͻȻúеɣ˿Ȳ裬̵ü񻪣㻹ɱȥ¶ȵ͡

ţҲɽɣоġͣЦ

޼ͷһļϱ˿ѹ

ƿޱƵһģ㲻֤

˵׷ӣ޼׷ģʱֻҪڼңǻҵҲһˣ񻪵ѩ˪꣬ϢģսѰæ߶˵ġ

Ȼ֤¶Ҳûᡣ

֮ǰ޼ѹŲ֤ǽ񻪲֤ˡ

֤ѽ˸ԼһСɶô

ڽ֪ˣ˳ĴڵϣǵĹͬƲ⣬ǵĿĸͺսϵսһӴǱűˡ

˵Ӧ˽ǣ

ˣҲҪԶѽ




44.  1.21¡   ɷվڴߣۡ

ɷվڴ, ۾е㷺ˣ͸ϱӽȥı߽Ǹ̲϶۵ҰƵ, ܼ٣Ϣš

һż, ֲ֪ӡ

ô뵱У룬񻪻, ˭ҷ޲һ˯ģ

㲻ɿ¶һ, ˵˵, ĺӵĽ, Ҳϱӽϲ顣

޼ˣ, ˳ӡ

ĳһһ˿ϵϣȻյе㴭ֻɿһŦۡ

һַǳ¶ǵ, ޼ڸ, ȷ

Ȼ֤ȥУҹ, ò˰ɣЦ˵

˵ȥ˭ţˣȻûһŴ˯

޼ǻĿʼ·, һ¹ս˵ľݵĺϡ

񻪿һ۲գ, ϱͶͱС⣬ΪҪװҵԹߴ͵ŷģ

Сرɱ񣬸Ƶģŷģֺϲ첲ϣкܶ⣬ټĹڵĸߴҲǽϲ͡

ǰ޼Ҳм⣬ȳƵĸպãȲԵҲԵùַһһ

һֶʽģеĺġ

˿ĭ룬ϱ˵ʳŮ

ʱ޼ѾˣԿǵȤĥһɶĭ

ڣ֪ʲôʳŮˣţɫɲ͡

޼ˣԥŴı߽ѡ

˵ʵ񻪾ɷԼƻŮء

ֱ֣ǿŮƵģֱӰɷ˱ѡ

˲ˣһᣬ޼ͷ󺹣УûбеĶ

ȻҪӣ˵ͻе̫Сˣ¶Ӱ졣

׼㿴񻪴Ӵͷס

¶ܲĥ𣿽ҪʹȥԺ񻪾͸ҽҪףʱҽı黹ֵͦġ

ûϸˣΪڿ»ҹ

ףǼţ޼ˣһһһΣľˡ

˭뵽˵һϾҪĸΪڵ𽺱ãرƣʱHһ¾˺ˣЪˣå˼



޼ڶ˸磬رϵĿʼκӣһӵľװվڹǰѡ˰죬񻪶ѡɶ

޼һĴϣִͷϴӣһŽգһȫҸϲӵ֤㶫쵽һŽ֤

֤֣޸鵱Ȼһǧ

ԭף˭֪ûˣֻȥԺã˼ȥҽ

޼Ӻڴ˺ܶ񻪾ͲȥԺˡ

˴һ𣬸ο˶˺ܳʱ䣬Ȼ׹ػ

¹ȥͻȻͷ֣ϣҪԳ˶Ż˯ɷʱȻˡ

ڴϣһԲģ§Լ˵ģܵӡ

ֹ˼죬޼רŸ˼٣һģԼ³ʼĵ취˾ơ

ըС裬ƤгƬһ׷̳Բεۣͼ

Ա߿˿̲סʣҪȥ˭

սѣİְ֡޼˵

ˣɷʱôͳΪսսѣյˡ

ɣ֪ˣǼĹأҪ׼ŪӹϵĻ

֮󣬰ѼӽҲͲ飬ӹƿڻ

ƽҲһ㣬ŷ룬Ҳڻ̧ͷһ˫Ĵ۾޼ǲҪȥһְ֡

ԣҲɣ޼ƽʾһ˳ţҪˡ

ƽ۾ȥˣ롣

һǣ޼ƽרƧĵط·ٴһƬĵأǰߣȥľƳر죬ѾܿСˣʱ䵺ϵķɳҲС˺ܶࡣ

ǰߣһƬյͣ¡

ֻһֻĹһСذȥѶںá

𣿡˵

޼һƣڵϣǸ¹ڣ

ҧ´˵ˣϱҲɷΪ˾Լս԰ˣʬ޴档

ֻ¹ڣ

߹ȥҲһƣһһĿͷװ˵һ˵Լôѧϰô֮ǰԼڹú˵һÿο

꣬޼˵ߣٴᡣ

񻪴Ȼؼҡ

ƽͰʱͻС˸һʱ䣬߹ľƵӣעͱȥˡ

һװԶˣһ·϶ڵͷ·

һᣬס֡

ңΪɶֿʼ˫ۻڶǰܵƽͰǶԽ˵ġ

⺢ӣʱ޼̬Ѿ˺ܶ࣬˵縸ӣٲǰƵģһһһһˡ

죬װּյĵֿʼ޼ˡ

ǰʱæûϣʱѧУ죬Ҳʦĺӷɢ࣬һĸ༶ɶˡ

ͷһƲ˵׷ȥ֪ԼҪǼʣ⺢ӿ϶˵ģΪ˾Լˡ

úӵȥǿ

Ϊ۾ˣһֱڱ⡣

Ҳܿյ֪Ӹɷ֮便ʲôޣܲϱɡ

룬뵽˸취Ž˵˵ѧУи˴ģҲģô

ʲôģעȻ

ҪĩԣӮ˰ȣҾͲˣҪӮˣ͵øңզ¡˵

꼶һһٶӣǰȣҲϴα۸ǸСŮһֱڸ꼶һ

츳ϸܶණǰڼҽڼѧڲһ꼶˼Ѿѧ꼶֪ʶ

ǰȫǿƴ֪Լֻпѧϰܸиްְ֣ûӰ죬ҪǲƴԺԶͷ

ԣСŮƴý񻪶̾ΪֹһֱѹŽһͷ˸Ƶġ

ҲŲˣΡŲϵء

ʲôʱˣ㲹εǲ٣˼Ұһ¿ξҪؼҰɻʱ俪Сڿʼֻڿϵʱ䣬Ҳٸ㲹ˣĩ˭õһҲҸҴģ

á

֣͸˸ͷЦɡ




45.  1.24һ   ˸ģ

˸, Ȼ֪ҪʲôһľãǰȱȲԼ, ĩǵһ

ΪɶôţȫΪտʼѧϰʱ, ˷ھaoeƴ, һֱǶͻᣬӼ˳, ֱ㡣

һȥ, ͿǰǱӼ˳, λĳ˷ñİ취, 㡣

ˣеˣˡ

תĩԳɼ, ֱӾɵˡ

һǰȵģȷ , ˼ҷǰȥˡ

¿֮󣬽񻪾Ͱѽе˰칫ҡ

оզѹڵڶЦе˵, ˰ɣ

䶼պˣΪһֱڵܵǰţƤ˵Լһ, ţƤžľˡ

֪Լ𣿡Ц˵

ͷһİգûи, һ˲裬ԺҪ飬Ҳ˯ˡ

ѧԾһǴ⣬һˣҲŴ

ҪǰȣḴ飬дſ˯Լˡ

ɲСҸĵԾʱһ֪ǴĴûи飬⺢ƽʱҲǣϿҲغúýһ£ɲٷˡǰİ칫תһŮͬ־Ҳ˵

Ǹմйʦ˵ǽǰѧ㣬͸̶ѧ

⻰Ҳûźط˴ú˵߶һ£ԡ

ЦЦ˵һȥͽ

⻰Ľ˿ΪѧУҪѵӣѧУѵˡ

֪ӣںѾ֪ԼˣҲ֪Ժô죬⻹ѵ˸ʲôչһԼΪҳ

ڣӣֻ˺ӵԴһѣһˮ˵ǵĶġ

ѧ˼ң񻪾ʽ϶ķ䣬Ҫ⣬ʵĻشңòã

㵽Ϊʲôһֱô

ϱҲΪһԼܳȥİɣ

ѧϰҪúѧУţѧԺϲˣ飬ӣܲ䵽

ϱ޼ǰûн⿪ĽᣬȻý⡣

ͷ˵촽ſģۿе졣

̾˿תͷȥЦ˵㲻Ǿ˵ԸķôҾ䲻أңҪ۸ˣһòã

֣̽ŵӽĿ֨ѡ

⺢ȻһѹѾûôˣƲ죬裬ԭ˵ġҰָߵʱڼ˵εĲǺöΪ˵жӳҰ԰ˣԼҰû

֪ģֻ߶һΣÿ춼æʡ

۾Ͽڻ䣬Ҳ֪֪ģÿ춼Ҳû೤ʱ䣬˼ͰӸµݣԼˡ

һҿԸ㱣֤ˣҲǹģҪǽʣ鵽ʲô

ˣԱߣҲ˵滰ġҧŴ˵

ǽҸϴţҲţʱܳԼң˵ѵġ⺢ӵԴն˵Ҳƭ֪࣬Ǿͳòã

ƽʱֻҪ޼ڼңϴţලϴ˯һֱĻ

ϸĵģӸǺ˱ӣȷǺƽ˲Ż뿪֮ǰҪš

Ҫĸˣţһ̾

ڶȥ࣬˵֪ʵԿ϶粻ô

⸸ӵᣬҪ⿪ˣ

ϣ޼ڿҪϨƺŵʱؼҵģžߡ

񻪣ﻹз𣿡˳ϴ룬˳־ͽ˹ϴš

˵Улع⣬׷Ҹȣ

ãԼ

ȷ¶һţ浹ˮԺһھܳԣ¶޼ɵĺ

ǲ֣͸ʹ˸ɫɣϴϴţϴ

֮СһˮȶҳȵģǰСڿȻڴϴš

ϴţƽͰԼĴ˯ˣн񻪷ˮһֱû·Ҳûӣĵڵء

񻪳Сҵţ޼ط䡣

Ƕ˯ˣ޼˵

ţ˯ˣȽе㡣һѰ˷䣬żɽʣøңʱ鵽ô£ôö˶˵ģͳˣ

޼·̻ͷüǲʲôԷߣǰ˵ʲôˣ

ԥһ£ȻشңҲ㡣

Ҫ˵֮ǰڹϵ޼һֶڼ͸¶

ڲһѾϴˢɣ⻰˵˵߾裬עߵˣҲ˼

ɷһҪ˵¶ӣֱ壬ԥҪҪýȥ

ſһСһСԴѾյűˣҲе֪ء

޼Ѿʼ˵ˣʱҸһִбǵǲܸκ͸¶ģ񣬼ʱ򣬶԰׷ˣһ׼ǣ˵԰ˣһ

ⲻ̫԰ɣȻ ô֪ǵ٣ץסͷ׷˵ô鱨й¶԰ǰ֪Ǽǰ׷ٵǣƵģ

Աʲôʱ򣬶Ƿǳģ˵һķԱҪõĻƽǻҪߡ

ڸ˵Ǻܴʧ

⽪񻪶ܿףӵȻ֪ˣ޼ͷһѾ鵽ʱ鱨й¶ˣʱһֱй¶鱨ľ˭

ԣǰʱŲ飬ŲǸˣʡ

޼ͷǴ֪Ϣ˭ǰ˵ģ

Ӧܿ죬̾ڻǲ߽񻪶Ρ

š¶ҵø̹ףɡ񻪳⺰һ

ˢһѿˣͨ죬᲻סţһ߲һ

˽˵ĸ׵һֱںǰ˵ҪжӳԹö԰ˣԽͰɡ񻪾˵

޼ɫѿΪԼĸǰ;ѣֱ衣

ڲҪٽͣΪѾȫ֪ˡ

һʱģ޼˵ǣǰ쵺ϵǳŲ飬ǿġ

һʼжǾ֤ݡ

壬Բ𡣡۾Ųޡ

֮ǰ޼а֣ȻҲûۿ塣

޼˿֣ںӼģİο

ղ鲻Ҫ˵ȥҲҪκ͸¶ҪǸղվƽҾط䣬Ϊ㣬֪㲻ȥ˵޼˵

ԣ֪ſڣҲᣬӽ⿪Ľ᣿

˿пǧ

ôһú̸̸˵׵飬ϱǴôꡣ

ҪⱲûǲǻἸʮꣿ

¶ȥˡ

޼Ÿոտʼ

񻪣һмҪ֯飬ǳй¶飬ԭԵҡ޼˵ǲ²⣬ǸҲٲȡжûУʱͲҪˣڵǾ԰ȫȥԺ˵

⺣ϵ˶ͨ󣬿˵ʮ˱ڶˣǾûģȥԺӣ˭˵

޼ǵģԼ񻪺ͺӡ

񻪵ľֽû°ɣܸɵɶҪҪڵϰĴ

㲻Ҫκ飬ΪԼİȫװ֪޼˵ҪңҪ˸Ǵʲô飬͸ҡ

񻪻û˵ѾȭͷͷˣãҸ㵱ߣ壬ҵǸˣҰֱ𡣡

һġ

ȭͷ޼ҲȭͷһһСȭͷͶԵһ

񻪲ٿˣԼجج˴ƿɽȥĬĬᡣ

Ȼȥ˯Ҫˡ޼ѽ͵Сңۿ˯˱ѣ׼ȥ

ˢ۾˵壬Ұˣ㲻߰ɣ

ᡣ

õŵܰĵı۾˯ˡ

޼ţصͿϹ˸Сɽ滹һһġ

ţ꺢ӻúӣжӳĪԼ庢ӵġ

ߵ£ƿӣҲ档

ôˣһֱڵϣҲ˾裬µġ񻪵ļ˵

˵޼ǲӣǶڣǱ԰ͨǳŹġ

޼һԱˣǼʧ

ڲ֪Ǹ˾ǳ޼ˡ

Ϊϱӵ飬ûٳκΣգֱ񻪽֮ȥ°ʱһֱ

ʱ񻪻ڳĴ˵һͻȻʧˣֱӳɷײȥ

ҲΪ⣬ڿǣݷ޼ߣ͵

۾ɷһڣ˵˽飬û˸𡣡

ڽҲܿ϶ֻὨ顣

޼̷ӦǲϱҲ飬𣿡

ûУֻܲ²⣬˸г𡣡ûˣǳ˵ǳجΡ

ʾҵ֣ûʲô

Ϊ޼СԸģҲ˶̸ཻܽɶ

¶Ҳ̸޼ˣмµø

Ӵͷǳ֮ǰСѵʼǣ˷͵ݸˡ

ô˶磬Ҫյ𣿡ѣƽˡ

ǣⱾӵ㿴κȺ޼ָű˵ͦΪѵģԭʦҿϴѧκڱ·ˣ˵ţĺܲãܲ취һѣ

ʵ޼֮ǰҲһֱڰһСּĹȥӷ̷ۣѼЩǲ͵óġ

˵ʦڵܲãɢ˵һСԼסţ

ۿҪ죬ţζѬˣ

ʦʱÿЩӣۼһһءҲʶ˵

ЩԺֻⱾǼﺢӵƤóġ

ţͻȻ۾ˡ

ȵȣ˵ڣʦ

ԡ޼ͷ˵

㻹ûʦֱ·ŵ֪ʶӣʡ

мѧʱĶʦҲ·ˣһЩѡ

ĹƲУ֪ʶӣ룬а취ǹˡЦ˵

Դ֪ʦ㿪ҩ֮󣬽񻪾һֱ룬˾ǸȵĽŸԼƵķӣҪǷųȥ鷳

õİ취ǰõ˿ܳͷ

ԼµĿȻҪԼԡ

޼飬ø˽һ뷨




46.  1.25¡   񻪸Żˡ

ʲô취ҪҪʲô޼ʡ

ֻһ뷨, ûͣﲻʲôעԼİȫ, Ҿõˡ

˵ţɷ˹ָ



ڶһ, ΪҪǷż, Ϊ̵ΣȥһѧڵĽѧܽᡣ

ȱ, Ҳû, Լ뷨³˵һ¡

³, Ϊϱ˱˵Ķ˹ʣְλǺڲ, е鶼Ҫһץ

˼ǣһũתһֻӹͶ죿³ü˵

, ϸ룬ʦųȥ͵ڷŻɽ, ˵򶫣滹кüֵָĺҵͽͽ, Ͳ£ȥ֮󣬹ٻЦŻش

⵱ȻϹ˵, ٹ꣬ƻԽԽãЩñҲժ, һõ

ڴ֮ǰ˭֪ʦ᲻ֳʲô

һʦָ³ͷˣ˵ҲеתƻͶ죬Ҳû⣬ؼģ𿴵ϵطûô˵ʳǳԵʳÿúʸطġ

˵ʳзӣҲˣܲΪΪ촩£ҪǮ

ЦˣһҪ˵¶ǵģûʣʳˣǿԿԼְ

ԭûע⵽ҴӺǿ飬Ҳǵϵı棬һûпѹĵأһȫɰǷһ㣬ǾǷֵɶɶգ˵ֳȫ˵Ŀأ

³۾һ˵ģ

ҪǲţȥҴҿҵϹٳ棬Ϲرڻûꡣ˵

ȥҪǿõأǾͰѳʦѻģٵЩӣȡͶũ³İˡ

ũʵиôЩ˼û⣬ΪͥԭŸ˳ϾţֻҪûкϵǲ˳һЩϽڹһũ˵иͱİ׽ڣũҵרңũʲôʣʺʲôԭģҲΪһɣ⣬μأɶǸաٿλκȺڣ˼ûɶ⣬Ҫܹǰǵĺӽһ֪ʶԺ󿼴ѧǲҲܶ㾺

Сͬ־㲻Ϊ˳ʦİɣ³ժ۾Ȼˡ

񻪰ѱӵݹȥҲЦ˵ǲǣҾòôҪǹͬĿ꣬Ϊ֯Ϊ˹ңҲôİɣ

ҾͲҲֻ飬Լɡ

˵꣬񻪰˰֣ͺֻ飬ĳ˰칫ҡ

٣óһ˵㶫úһԼ

ũ³ֻҪеĺô϶ϱ˾ġ



Ȼһ£ٿҪʱͷϢ˵ҪһֻӹѻģũͶ졣

ϿѺĳʦ۾ϸˣ͵ųȥָȥ

߲ˣҪͱͷȥѻģ

˵ʦϢֱһιȥˡ

ڽǸϲѽ

Ӹ뷨һҲ뾡ԼܵģȥЩûΣҵ֪ʶӡ

ǰ׽ڣκȺкöûϵĿѧңˢˢģȫڿյϿѻء

Ϊǰһ񻪾͸һڼ˺ܶ෹ˣǸ˿϶ûô׵͵Եȥǻӭ

㣬˵ǰȥ渴ôϻڰڶκ÷

κ÷Ҳæ̾˵ҽ˵е֢ҩһԣٹʱȥһξˣ񻪣Ҫ㣬һ治֪Լ˺ˡ

ʵ֪ˣ岻ȥԺԺôƭ㣿Ц

ҪĲȥˣǸط˭˼˵˵㿪ļ㲻֪㻹Сڴʱ˵ڴ涼ˣҲ˼ȥأڵĴ򲻶е𣿡κ÷һĺ£ҲкöŮ˺רԺöŮ򣬴Ҿͺ˼ȥˡ

˵ţһ۴⣬ӿٶȣˣ˵ƽĶѸڵļˣ˱ӣҪĲ

Ҳ˳Ŀ⿴ȵĶдҵƽڵĸߴ󱦣ģܺӼҪˡ

ⲻųȢ˸СϱСϱʵԸߴ󱦻ͦõġ

ûʱ򣬴Ҷ˵豳ޣ񻪾סڸڣ쿴أϱԲԲģ˵ҲᣬҪǰɣߴ󱦸֪ɾ֪ܵƤˡ

Ҹڵϱ˼أҲʰͦɾҵھҲͲ˵ɶˡ

Ҷƽߴ󱦸С棬СߵģҲĿȵĲСˡ

СһһԴر޿

ƽѴǼڱҪ׷żˣƿĴͺһ䡣

ܺſˮܽ

Ǹ˲ã϶ûƷһµϵĺʣˣҲôĺθڡ

񻪳Ÿʳĺˣ˺ܶ౴ǣ⣬һ²ˣ˺ܶı

㣬ԺС˳ˣ飬һ㼦⣬ɰӣκǣѾܺó

ƽԣ˵ףٵͣպһ£Űӡ

ߴҲʾѳӱֿһӣҪʹ飬̣ѧѧ˰ɡ

⻰ɲܸ˵ϻмζأÿŷóԵģʱŰɡ񻪸ӣؼȥˡ

ߴЩʳãǰʱȥģۿֻˣϴһζţθе㷭ġ

˿ˮѹȥԼҲӣӿԿߴߴȫԱˣһӵİӣȥũĽǡ

ǣӭǿųͷĥ󹤵ĳʦ䵽ȥѻģеû¶öǰڵѧָֻɣģֻҪ·һڣٳ˸СȦ

ޣʦ䵱ʦ𣬳ᣬҽָϽɻǲûҪûҾ;ٱ㣬㣬оˣ·һС޵һߺ޵˵

Сԭи㣬úõ˶ѧʱǸк߽˵㣬óʦץסһٶúõֱӾɵˡ

ʦɹͷƤͣϽͷŵأʱʱȥϵСʯͷ

˸ˣͻȻҪѻģֱǿ̰

ˣʦѾҸˣڰɣ;ҵĺӣǸģˣٸץס˰ѱ

ѻģԳʦ˵ͦѵģǶϽڣǿɵĲˡ

ƽأСһܿһĶĻĵأڣֻҪһˣһĶ룬ۣҲЪЪ

ԭţʲôӰۻĸɣֳԲֱˡ

κȺҲڿѵأ˸ӣȵݸԼСӡ

СӿСˣɹڣŰվԱߣССڵĿš

񻪺ϡ棬Сӣʣӽɶ֣

κôκȺԼҲһӣһڣ̾˿

ԴӱΪ࣬ǵһγ԰棬رϧ

ŴرϡĶκĿ䵽˰ϡ

˵ɲɣϱڼ޸һ֮ǰʵйѵġ

޼ĹϵһֱСŮԸų

һδţԼں治ҳ

񻪵ʱţһСӾͳԼֱ㶵ľ˸񣬿İ˵ãҽκǶѣʮ꣬̾ӹϼ㶫ģֻһүү

Ҫǽ񻪰СܰԼʮ˴ˡ

Ͻ񻪲ҪЦ˶ƤҲ޼˵Ҫܸ飬϶Ĳ

񻪶С¿ɿˣ˭֪û˵ˡ

˵ΪԼûϹѧκǸҪͬǹŮӣԼԱ䲻ϣ͵ĸˡ

˭֪ȻôɣκȻκȺӡ

˸ӵݹȥŽ˵ûɶȥܵһȥҲȥ

ߴʵҲأ໵һ˹ȥˡ

ȼ浽һˣ񻪲пոκȺһġ

˵֮ǰǲӹһ

ʲôκȺסˡ

Ǳʼǣ鱾֮ġѹ

κȺһᣬͻȻ˵Уһ⣬кܶҵıʼǣ¼Ķŵ˵ҼʮѪʱΪԱӵѣ

ȱ̾Щñˣ¥ЩûУǱʼǶڣԺһˣҸͻ񻪸Ͻ˵

κȺ̾ҪǮˣǮҵø㣬Щ֮رڡ

ˣǮ˵㵱ʱҲö࣬ұʱҲģⶫһǻ˴дģΪ˸ҪǮ

Χ˶ѹ

ʱǱ߼ƽߴģҪȻߴ󱦲Сģκһš

СӽǸС˻

ȥ˵󱦸磬ߵҪ˵Ǹ

ߴһͷʶһѣ°Ѱ˸ͷ

СѾͷ䣬ȥקŸߴ󱦾ҪǸקӣҲҪǸ

񻪹ʱÿһĻ˵ⱲӣĸκһҲΪԱͷ˰ɣ

ǰȸҪĺӷֿʸߴ󱦣˵ײΪɶǸ

ߴ۾ߴ˰죬˵ԲҲǹġ

ƽأҸ˵ʲôʶӡ

˴ܡƽҲ۾ȥߴ󱦵֡

СӾǰŴ˼ܣžҪͺһ档

񻪻һ䣬ǸղΪʲôܣ

ƽָŽ񻪽˵ץСгԣҲҪ

ͷһѾкüֻڵأ֮ǰûãһͷ͸оһζֱӿˡ

һ죬ֱӿʼŻˡ




47.  1.26һ    ϵԺ

ϵԺ, ֱɵˡ

У

ҽջ֣ڲˢˢдţ, ˣ, ¾Ѿûù·, ҳ㣬Ѿһ, ΪӦ, ûʲôо

ҵ¾һǲ׼ѽ, ʱ궼أæ˵᲻ˡ

ǿ, Ҳѹھ;ͦġ

ϱȷҵģԲ׻, ׼ʱúõһ, ˭֪ӾȻôϢģ

ôŮ¾ʱ䳤, ͵òһǲǻУηڣ˯, ⶼǻе֢״ʵڲģȥҽԺb

񻪻Ǿò, ǿ˱дʩģզкء

Ϊҽڻ٣񻪴ѼӷżԼܳȥһBǲǶ˸С̵ġ

ǲһ˳ȥֻôһȥ˵ҽԺһ飬ȷʵѾһˡ

ӣȻ˸̣񻪸Ŷӣо棬˳ڵһЩƷָĸдһţԼˣԺ˱ȥǡ

ţִŽؼңʱ񻪾ͻȻ뵽һ⣬ӱϾԼģһ֪ԼˣԱ˵л˵ԼİˣԼҪˣ᲻᲻ˣ

һͷȻ죬Ц

ЦɶѽҪСˣɶо

ò׼Ƕɶ뷨ұֵ̫ˣüʡ

ˣɶоأ裬ôŲ̫ˣиСܻܵСã𣿡

ľúһ˵ǻƫСܵãզ죿ֿ˵

޿ɱģٺгҲҪˣͰ˵ʲôԺֻԼģһɲ﷢š

һ䣬ǻ𣿡

Ȼᡣ˵ر϶

ǲˣ֪ǲᣬҲƽͰǲᡣŴǣһ仰û˵

СģҪô˵ҲƽʣҶϱڻզ찡ŮŮûҸ磬զ֪żأܱ˼ҵ¶

ԸӵˣһĶ̴ʱ˼ҵĺĵ⣬ء

ϣ޼һţƽһܱ˳ȣֱ޼ĻץĶ亰ְ֣ǼҪС

ʲôСƽƨɣ޼ʶľʡ

ǣò˭ԼӰɡ

ɲУѾˣһӣͬҲС

СѽġƽֽűȻ˵

Ϊ⺢ʵ̫Ƥ޼·һ壬Ҫȥо壬˵ĻҲġ

޼ͱߵҵſڣʶʣ񻪣ʲôСǲǸڳӪҵģ

ǰʱ˶̥⺢ر𰮿ޣ۵ģϳȫ˯þ

ǳ㱧˰ɣһ뵽Ǹ۶Сһ޼еͷۡ

ڴأ⻰̲µɷ뷨תͷǺȻһ䣬۾Ҳ˳

ԱóBӣЦеķʣҶС˭ҵģ

Ҫ˵޼ղֻͷۣͷƤڷ顣

Ǳƽģ֮£ֱˡ

ƽһ¾͵ڵϣԼƨɣQǰץӵݵ޼ǰ軳СŶ

ڵǰᣬ˲ҪӵûУҲ

޼ȻҲҪӣʮˣʮ£˺ӶˣӰӶûء

֯ҲһֱڹģΪʲôޣҪȥüƷ޼ͻС岻ã˭֪ھˣ

һӣ޼һԼ񻪣ģ

ģȥչBЦеģں߸ء

޼˿ϵĵӣʵһƬڣ壬һӰǾĺˡ

̧ͷ񻪣ôһ̣ر񻪱תһתھ޴ľϲ£ɵͻԼ¶

ǰֲңⱾͺڶ˱ǾǸġ

ѾΪΪĸˣϻŮһ飬ͺûзƵġ

ûзʵеġ

֮ڼˣŸɣ޼˼ҲҪϢ

Խڳϰ飬ûɶ¶ɸɵģһҪ˼롣

һҪ˼Ǹ޼˽ǧټҪ˵˭

˱ǾǸҳȽϺãûɷ򣬺û˰ְ֣Լͥ˵֮֡

һߣ˻˾ͻȻȻ裬΢΢ĶƤʵҲԼĸˡ

ԴӼ֮ţǵûлظھؼҿ

ҳˣڽҪ顣

е˰˸£ʱȻͬʱת



תǵڶ괺죬񻪿ˣͣ˽ѧʦΣԼڼ

ܴڴҲģⲻŰ䲻ȵģ׼ȥš

ߵſɷͻˡ

ô磿񻪺ʡ

޼ʶķӣţе飬Ҹط¡

¶˵ѽҶֲ󣬲Ҫ˷ţڻܳȥء񻪸ˣЦ˵Ҫ˵ҶĿ϶ǸŮڶûֹҼأ²۵ġ

ǵҪˡ޼ֻ˵

һӾסˣ˭ĵ

˭ĵҵ𣿡޼ͷЦ˵

ˡ

񻪸ղҲһûӦ˼ӣ۾ֱӾͺˣҵﰡҵǴ֧ôû¶ǵ׼ǽ𣿡

ϱϾвפأ˵ϵûôˣǣҲķ˽

ӵ֮ǰļ飬ǰ˱棬ٹġ޼ĵؽͣڽݶû⣬ҽӵϢȫ˶Ҳ

ʲôʱ򣿡һ뵽ҪԼ裬ĲУתҪȥӣҵȥʳˣ춼ǳʳãûˡ

޼̽˹ȥڼҵţˣȥͷˡ

ԣѾϵ·

񻪺üڼվҲУҲУ԰˸СӣſΡ

û˼ңˢˢģȫСƽǰ棬ıQQģͷٷҪС

ڸߴ󱦼˺üֻ칾УɺˣƽҪֻ񻪻Уһµ׼

񻪵ûɶиСúǰģõһ¶

СˣóˣҸ㱧һֻȥ񻪳

ƽ̲ˣܹڽ£ЦĿͷķ򣬾ʣ裬㿴ɶأ

⹫ţ˾ۼ̽ס

⻹ǵһ̽ףҲͦģָţ˰Ѽ򵥴ɨһ£Ҳſڵš

һᣬ춼ȾϺɫӱ񻪸ϻؼдҵȥˣԼſڵȡ

ٹʮӣԶԶĿһճһͣڼſڡ

ǸСӣνýϴСģϸ

վСӺһ

Ŀɲǽôʱû˲٣Ҳʵ˲١

̧ͷһ㣬ͷԵľһ䣬㣬˵㻳пզһûжӣ

Ϸûôϸ񣬺öϲȹϥȹҲһɣɫȹֻ˵ȹƮһס

ôԻʲôȸѽѽͨͨûУͳϺöɩӾ˵񻪻Ŀ϶ǸСŮˡ

ҲϲԼСŮˣתȦ԰԰ڣ˭֪泵һĸ۵һ£ŶԴһơ

ɶиûжӣиûжӣǻииСӵʱͺԿࡣĸ˵

˭ҵĺ˭ۣ󲿷ֻϱӴ󣬾Ϳ亢ӳ֣ľ۹ŮҪʱԿࡣ

ȥŮ˵ģ첲ȶԲ˺ܶ࣬һûԿ࣬˲١

˵ţ޼˳Ƶ棬ȥѽ

ҵôˣ񻪼æ˵

ΪŮµľǸĸ⣬·һȳһյģ񻪾ͺżˡ

̧ͷǰѹŮһͬȻ˵·̫Զ˵磬еۣûɶ£ż

о˵ģսҲΪȣŸ飬統˴֧ġ

һԼڼҵӣĸѾѵѧʱǮˣԷҲôͰ͵ģɫÿ˺ܶ࣬Ҳûм˵

ȽɣѾúʰ˯ǵķ䣬ȥ˯ڴ̣вУ˵

ĸһӣһôûеĹŮȥӼ̻ؾˣҿСŴ󴲣˯Ǿˡ

޼ͼģ񻪾Ա߿ţָӡ

Ӹʳһ⣬廨ģڹϰƤ£յƤƣٰսĲõεôëյˣƤζҲûˡ

п飬ˮڹﳴһŸֵȥ

Ĺ˸㣬ˡ

Ժܳˣдײأ峴ˣײ˾͸һŵ·

⣬ָżȥڷҪ˼⣬һ𳴡

ʱ򣬵һֱڹη꣬һû񻪾ûɲˡ

ָżӰУ޼Ҳһҳ·أĸ͹ˡ

ҪСβǿɻ֣𣿡ĸţ˵۹ү۵ĻԼҵĹŮ

ɻ־Ͳܳ⳴ˣԺ󻹵øϴءЦ˵ԭɲᣬĺأ᳢ա

Ҫ˵ԭսʱ򣬽ɷһ̯˵ء

ʵ֤ѹɶѧᣬģ̸ɫζȫζȷʵǲ

쵱ȻǽڱߣλãҲò⹫ȶ˿ӣǲſʼԡ

˷ĸ۳Ͷٵģ񻪾ûŵ˵Ƕˮϴ˽ţ͸Ͻ̴˯ȥˡ

·ˣˣ˵²ֻгŴҴȥϵԺ˼ҽƴѧģҴ㿴

ãǮɶ˹ͺãëˣۡ˵ţһ͵ҧһݡ

ʵĵۣ᲻ûǮֻš

ԺôǮ˵

ȥ

񻪵˵ͷҲѾɴȥˣƽΪ̫˷ܣ˯ˣﻹ˵СС

תңһ޼ҲϴˮˣһϴţԴһֱеϰߡ

Ͼƽʱ޼Ĺ̫æֶģÿ춼ʱ졣

޼ɫ̫ÿ

ô㲻ˣ񻪺ЦĿɷ򣬹ýѾˮ

޼˵Ȼǣ񻪣лҪ㡣

˵ţȥøë񻪲˽ţȰڴϣȵģ˵³μҵԺҽˣܲӴͲӴ

񻪱Цأɷ࣬ҲЦݣһ컹ܴȥԺ𣿡

ҽ̫أȥٽӴҪʱһ٣ǰȥҽԺô޼˼˵

ԼҲ£ȻԸȥҽԺ

ã磬ôˣ𣿡׷һ䡣

³μҵɩӣ֮ǰȷʵ̫ѣŮϲΪõţ˵Ӧ˵Ļ

Դϴ³θ۹һΣûǰ;֮Ѷˣʵʵڸʳϰ࣬ŮҲôˣӵĴϣƽȵġ

˵ҽ˵ҽƴѧҵĸ߲ԼͨŬģÿιȥҲͦ

ʱһ£鱨й¶ܸйأ˭ȷ޼˵ûȥϰ಻֪ĹѾͣˣĿǰڵ顣

ͣͦȵġ

ΪµǶʱó˵иڽǰӵ԰ȥˡ

ҽأʡ

ûʲô⣬ҲҪһ£ǸΪܣ֪ǡÿʱһ죬֪ҳ˶ųɣֻڵ顣

֮䣬пй¶鱨ŵ¶

ңһˣϱӶ

һͷûУǾɩɶϵûУ˵ûж

˵ÿιȥʱͦģҪĸгϴδȥʱȫʹһˮûУָ·

˭񻪿Դˡ




48.  1.28¡   Ȼ˻ɵѡ

Ȼ˻ɵѡ, õ⣬ʱȥ̽̽׶

ĿǰԼţ񻪲ͦŴ, ³Σա

ⲻڶ, ʹŵȥԺȥ

ٳǰ, ĸ˵ŮϾ˸, ҪԼȥ

ǿͦŶӲ, ˵Ųӯ, ϾǸи˭ܷİ

Це˵, û¶߰ɣҽ˵еʱ߶߶, кôأ˵Ͼô, ԺҲԶ

ϵһйʩΪ˼ԺѧУ, ʳԶŸĸԺ͹ȥ, 춼ҪѧֻиСİûѧ, 񻪾ǣһԺ

ȻҪ̽һ̽ҽĵףǿ϶ֱҽİ칫ߡ

ƽʱİ칫Ҷû˵ģ 񻪴Ÿĸȥʱ򿴼˸رŮˡ

ٿһ°ɣôѣѵһẦ㣬͸һˣұ֤

Ůĸ첲һֱҡΣˣһֱ 

һ˽һ̲˵ˣԱߵϣһĴŽһˡ

񻪻ֻ˰أˣŮʲôҽֻǣȥһˡ

ǣ񻪹ĿŮˣ˵

ϱʸǣģѣ̽ףʲô𣿡

ָ˵ҵǰЩսϱƬȽۣⲻ˺ö·ëˣ㿴ܲܿҩ

Ҳһۣ˿Ѿˣû취κá

֪취ҩֹֹۣ߻һ£𣿡˵

⵱Ȼԣһߣýڻϣȿ˿ڵӡ

Ĺ򣬽񻪾ţҽԺżŹС֪ʶ濴

ǵϾɩɣ˸Ů˵

Ťͷһⲻѣųͷ洩һɫش£ʱڲΥߵǰ£ʱֵˡ

ǵģУҪ̽ϸȻܷŹκһˡ

շᡣŮЦţ֡

Ҳ˳ƸգͻȻᣬое㲻Ծ

ģʲôѽǸ󹤳ʱٺܲװɣϵһͦõģһѣһԸôԶܹ

˵ʱ򣬽¿˿

ףⷽ᲻ʱ֣ء

ղֵʱ򣬽񻪾ŵϵĸ߼ˮζڹʲôˮľǴζѩ࣬ϾУַǳģζˮ

Խ񻪸ղźϾԼУˮٽӴĺá

˵ᣬҲζģϵЬһ˫ƤЬ񻪿ƷƣǴֹƵţƤЬӡ

һͷҪǮҪڹ⣬õ

ŮҪôǳǮҪôܺá

ȻҲûкӣԼʱ۾ְŵ

׶ٻ¥ľÿ궼ܳһιƣҵĶЬӣ£ڹģƯɣ԰ԼϵΣ̾˿˵᲻ǣ᲻˵ǶǴõͣӦôƯƯģǱôϡ

߳˹ţʶ˸ԣĵطʼƲ𣬲ҿڵϵ

ĲںЩϱѾˡ

ỹڼ˵˵ʵҹʱ仹ҪѡƷ벻Ұʲô

˰ɣĶͦġ񻪹˵

ɶ˵

˵һ룬ת˵ˣҿֹҩǻȥԣҩһԺη꣬۵ûôˡ

ѽŮͬ־˵ءعͷЦ˵

ƽʱͲ˶һ仰ܷô˵ѲһдҩһֱӾý񻪼˳칫ˡ

ߵʱͷһۣͿٸ౳һͷֲ˵ˡ

˵ٻ¥ľҲҪģһǲҹʸߣ

ʦһϴƣʵһͦ顣

һʱ֮ҲȷһǺ˶磬ֺϱӵ޼ˡ

ߵԺſڣܾϿյģĸϾҲûеѵľ飬һֱڹעɷȽܲ·

ǽͣϿһСѾͷأ

أ

裬⡣СѾͷͷСԲĹĵģϺģһѺƯСҰ

˵裬ǸӰ̸һȥŶ

ģʶʡ

ģˣӰ˵ԼȥǸ̾һֱȰ˵˵

ڻûиĸ￪ţֻҪʶǸԣĻö˾ȥ¾ܾж

ĿǰΪֹ񻪻ûҵ˭˽ֻٿ

صңƽֵѾѧؼˣƽʱʱ䣬ֵܶڸѺдҵģ

ֵûйԹԵȥдҵһţƽͶڵĨᡣ

ôƽҪڵϣҷˣԼ𣿡񻪾ȥˡ

ƽ죬һʼܺú˵ģԽ˵Խί۵һˣҸң

黹Ҫӷѧ֮˵ƽ첻Ҫ𣿶һҪС

Ϊڵĸߴ裬Ҳ֪զģһȺС칾ľ͸ǰƵģһȺСں͸ʿһƽ۲ҪץҪС

磬˵ҰˣŸҪܹȥңҰûҵûˤ

һԲŵܻܵ˼ңһ˦ûжһ

裬ʲôԺҲҡݵĴϣƽͺһ䡣

ƽһ٣һ٣ίֱ

¶ɣ񻪻治֪ôԽĶ¶ˣҲԽԾ̵֪ܽܵܡ

ʱķڽ񻪿е̫ˣԼ⺢ھ͸һ̨һǰУȫᡣ

ʱŸ߽ϻһ¨ӵĲˣǰȥˣ֮˵Ӵƽô˾˵˵

أҪСƽģڿء

һԴ㲻˵Ҷˣ㣬ҴϼҸö˵ر塣

ܵСң﷭Ȼǰ

ۣôѼƽ̧ͷһͶʱŴˣ۾ҪŹ˺

ɵСӣⲻѼǶ쵰Цǰһ£ô㣬ص˻ģ˵иغá

ʶľҪˣҲԣҲԡ

ϱиͦõĹۣеʱ˵ͳ˶쵰ѽζڼ϶쵰һٻԲֱ꣬Ǽ尾

ְţ׼ȲģԼԶ쵰˵

ʱƽֻСȭͷ߬ĽģȻţ̧ͷ˵˾ˣ쵰ôҰС죬ͱ³òã

ԣƽҪһֻСΪһأҪǾ͸ӰɣҳԼҲһӪֵءæ˵裬˵𣿡

ĸӣҪŮٷü˵ӣǷֲĸ졣

ͨͨأƽ뷨еɵˣ˵Զ治Զ쵰ͼһ°ɡ

⿴ǲܾҪǣǷŻҲ겻С졣öһ㣬⿴˰죬Ҳҡͷ˵

ƽֶóˣܽţҲ֣أһһġ

㣬һܷҲ˵

ðɣűͨ쵰ϲٵĵ͹ƽ

ȻҶɵһɵ϶Ҫѵ滵ˡ

ƽŶ쵰ľԼıˣԼ˸ˮƿӣѱŪůء

ȥѵ¶ȲҴ졣

ƽŵȥתתҵ˸ߴ󱦵裬˰죬ѵ˼ҵļȥˡ

ڿʼƽ־ҪٷĵܳʱӵԺ󣬾ͿԸĵһ




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ĸסһ¾Ҫؼˡ

, ĸ׼źŮһֱӵģǹһŮɶɶ, ŮҲģһֱæҪϹ, ͵ſճʱźӡ

⻹˵ɶĸԼ, С飬ǾʹŽ, Ҫؼˡ

, ȰȰ, ĸܹ黹Ϥ˺ϴ, ϲ̶Ļؼȥˡ

ȻˣµӰɲС

쿴³ķү, ˾ˣɶʱ̽ס

ƽ͸, ܵڸ߼ҵļſڶţ˵Ҫĵܡ

һڹȥ˾Ȱ, ˼ѧϰϱɶǿ

ڹȥܾܵҡͷŵ, ɵܵܣҪһˡ

еʵĵĽ⣬˶, ƽɵˡ

ƽǻȥɣƣ쵰ʲôûУҲ㲻ͦŶӣЦе˵

Ŷ裬ǼҵĵܣԺҵСܵˡƽǿ˵Ȼ־һָ㿴ǵǣǲѿһѽ

ŬĿֿûҡͷؼˡ

ڶ죬ƽȻһֻɫС죬ҼΪǼĵܡ

һרžԺˣģһʣ͸ĵܳˡ

ĵҲǺܺ棬˭Ҳקƽƨɺ棬ƽѧĵܾΧܡ

ССһֻ˭߶˭ɶһԿʼɳˡ

Ȼĵܴ˭߶˭˭߶ƽرϲĵܣѧ˦Ϳʼĵԡ

Ϊʳãë׵С죬͸סˮͰƵģͳһֻѾ˦ܡ

ĵڳ󣬽񻪶ıҲڳת۾ͿҪ裬޼Ѿβ׼ȥҽԺ

񻪣СܳȥҿܵͦԶء㱧Ŷ̥ɹ̫ԶԶľſں

Ȼˣ񻪵Ķӻǲô󣬳˲жܷ㡣

ɹ̫Ҳ˼ҽ˭Ǻˡ

ŶǸҲ֣ڵסһˣǲߣҲţʹԺ

ǲҪϰ

ţſںСܵˡ

СƽʱڼҸȥ첻֪ôģѡ

Ҳ֪ǲǸƽѧģƽϲҼʲô֦СʯͷԺ˸С䡣

ĵҲѧˣʼ

ӴιСһƽıҪûˣ߱˴סɱ˶ƽҪεġ

ıߵſھʡ

ָ˸򣬡ǱߣԺķܹȥˡ

ƵĹչ䣬һ·ҹͿĵҡҰڵģɴڣȻֱӷɽԺְᡣ

Ҫ˼ʺɾ͵ˡ

߲찡һһķ䶼һģĵܾš

òߵǰ񻪾Ϳĵܽһᡣ

߹ȥţܿǶҼģҪŪʲôǮ

ûжǸڼĴϿˣֻģ

ԣŪҶûУ˼ûغøܳˡ񻪸ϽǸ

סģԺСʿЦ˵ûŪ

֪ס˭𣿡

ܽȥסҽӦȥѳľСʿЦ˵ʣҪһᣬҹƾͿˣ͸Ҫ೤ʱ䡣

ΪС컹˼ҵеʺֽвֻſڵš

ڹһᣬûĵѾˣ񻪾͸ڵСʿ˵Ҫȥһҽˣ˵ҪСʲôŪˣһ⳥

˵꣬ĵײϵĲҲں棬ͻ˼ҡ

СǶҪԷǰǽǴԡ

ţ޼ҲˣһͿʼʰҪȥ·СӤĶȥ⼸죬Ƕ˴㡣

ͰȻ᲻ãһֱߡ

ƽһᣬȥĵˣߴߴ˵Ż

磬ʲôûУƵĺżʡ

޼ʰӵ٣ССñӣʱ̫æûй£˵Ѿͷˡ

ٺһڼҲ뿪ˡ

е飬˾ôɺϣҲô޳

һ߳Էһ죬ʱƽŵܽ߬

һݹſ鲼

ǸɣһСĽģƿĲȻǸĴָָ׸ôС

ĵܸҵġƽֵһֽ

񻪽ӹһһźڰƬˣİվұߵľ޼ȻͿˣԼ¶ٻܱϡ

Ҳĵܸģ񻪺ʼˣƬҲۣʵʵģЩ˳鱨ΪɶɲΪǮ

ƬѶͿˣǲҲʾ֮䣬˵ʲôڡ

Ų²⵽ϱҪģˣΪСһ·һ·ܣֻͣ

ΪŮˣϱɷŻġ

ֻǸ²⣬ûȫȷأһ뵽ɷȥ飬ͿƲסˣִţֶţ޼

磬Сóģңҵø㣬Һˮˣһֱڳ顣ǿ侲˵

޼ӹƬۣ̳ȥ쵼ǰץǸᣬҲץһ£֮ҵ֤ˣйصˣһܲ

޼ǰŸߣ񻪾ͷִ²ãˮˡ

ԤԺ󰡣ôھˮˣ

ƽȿģֱӴסˣ裬ǲ㡭

û˵꣬źһ£ۼҪСˣȥˡ

ƽܵÿϽҪȥаְ֡

ְ£ȥйùðɡ˵

Ȼղ˵㣬ڽ񻪸оͦõģϾӣʶĶˣӳڴָܰץסء

κ÷һϽ˴ţȥ˵ϵԺ

ʵϵľҲԺģǽ˳ҪѲҪʹǾ͵ȥˡ

޼³⣬żҪȥҽԺģڵĺãĻͦ˳Ժһҽ

ߣ޼ϽȥԺ̤洫۵һޡ

ȫվˣرεĿŲͷ

һᣬСʿŸٳϲĸƽǸк



һˣĴСȫɵˡ

ǸŮ𣿡޼ʡ

˭ģкұŵģƣкɣûġСʿҲ˹ˣչѺӵƿһ£ȷϡ

޼ʣҰأô

棬һܳû£İɡСʿЦ˵

޼˿ͰҲ˿ƽ죬û޳

˵õֿɰãôɵܵ

תһ룬ָˡ

ĵܺܣԺֶ˸ˣ



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˵죬޼ϵͷÿͷĴҪ˵֮˽ס˴ֻҪʡ

ϱ鵭ģֱӾ־ˣǷᣬŵһͷԵںû

ʲ֪ʵϵ鱨й¶йء

ƵķᣬŹܾı͸˸ˡ

һʼǴ鱨ģרڹһֶֶѪܹѧоֶأֻйڲС

⶯ҲͰעϣ֪ڵϹϢ

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ʲô˵һ죬ʱ֪ǹ⣬ģ˵©һͱȥˡ

ԣųµģ׷˵㵽ʲôڣʲôޣ

˵ʱԱиСӺţְְעԼϣҪ޳ˡ

ǽĺӣܣֽ֮˾˭⺢Ӹ׷İӾ˽ء

޼ѶӱŨü۵ɵСӣָ򲼣ϴɾٵݸ񻪳̣ʱпս顣

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ڵǰȽϣܶҹзʱǶȰѽ֤ҳϣΪһ˴˵ˣåͿ֤ʾԼǳ֤ϸڡ

δС£ܶ˾ֻлǰһ棬ҵĸĸ˵һ˵ý໥һͨͰѻˡ

û֮ǰŮ֮䣬ϲԵģ˽µ˵

޼룬óҳƬָ˵֪˶˭

ұǸ֪磬м㣬ߵ˭񻪽ӹ˿ʡ

Ǹ裬ҲǷԱǰ磬ңһѵģܺá޼͵Լˡ

ϸϸĿ˿ͻȻƷ㶫ˡ

Ϊʱڵķͳ˵˵ܻӭʵǶ磬Сߡ

ٿƬС߸߱Ŀžͱȼʮ֮ĴǻҪ˧ȻǺڰƬܿǸ˧磬üžͷЦر⡣

Ҫǣ֮ǰ˵С˵ģԵϵĹ֦ܡ

δŮδޣ˼ҵƬ

òᣬ̸ɣʶ˵̸̸ʲôϵΪʲôҪ㣿

ʵݽСʱͼҲΪ˸ſġ

˭֪ˣ˶֮ǰ޼һܡ

źǣϼңû೤ʱȥˡ

ߵʱ򣬵˶⣬ۿҪɷԱˣզˣ˶˵޼˸ߵģΪֻͻƽʱ˵ѵرĺݡ

ҲôģͰѸȥźһԵתɷŭȫ׼޼һľҪ豨

磬ΪʲôҪСߴܣ񻪸Ͻ׷ʡ

ʱǶҪѵˣͻȻ˵ԼҪ飬Ҹ׷ԭֲ˵ңԼҪҴһܵġ޼Ĭ˵쵼ŸǣСͻȻಡٵԱˣת±Ը⣬Լˡ֮ǰ쵼ಡ˵ȥ

ǣҪɷԱˣͻȻϣ豾֮ӣȻ벻ͨԼؼˡ

˵ڿ֪Ϣʱ򣬶ǽһҹᡣ

飬˵׻Ϊֳġ

Ҳ꣬Ҳÿɺޣᣬһ

£һµŽȥ

ɶ걨Ҫɷң񻪻ﻹСأֱסˡ

޼ͷ˵鱾Ϊ׷С죬ҵ˹ؼ֤ݣңһٻ¥ľȻ飬Ҳ㹻ĺţ걨Ҫɷ㣬Ը𣿡

ԸⰡΪʲôԸ⣿񻪺ԥĴӦˣɷã

ɼ߹ֻڵ⣬ߵӣȥһ׶أ

ȥ׶ɣļٲǻû꣬ȫȥ׶һˣҲǿۡİˡ

ӣôûȥ׶أͽ񻪣Ҳûȥʱ׶ԣȫһȥ۰ɡ

ͬʱһ飬ҲǴ

ںö฾Ů˲ԸȥҽձҪܸ걨ļ߼һ棬һ죬רǲǻõ㣿

ȳӣˣȫһȥһ׶񻪽˲ɷãأҲ޼ţúõһˡ

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֮е

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ٿǰ㣬ѾֲԼлʵһ·ͱȺ档

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ңǽרȥƣӼ˽ƽƽġ

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