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䣬̫࣬²־
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ʮҴĸˡ
ĸصǣȻһǧ𣬼ǧ𻹺ԭδˡ
*
ܽò˫ȫ֮ӣȴһ¡
պ֮ŮշףռͻȻһλŮ
ռ˵շСʱ򱧴ģŮ
ռԸȢŮշ񣬻ȢŮ
շСںϥ£֪ʶ񣬲òѣ䣬裬Сۡ
ܽûо½游
游ΪƸռŮ
ܽΪʱսսԸλࡣ
û뵽ֵúƽƺ˺ܡԵȡ
ܽۼ֤ɱ䣬޾ͬʱ̣֣ƺû
ܽ겻һ㣬ʼչơ
**
PSŮǱŮϵͳǴԽģᴫһЩִ֪ʶͼܸŮ
ݱǩԽʱ ˬ Ű
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣġ̫竡֧֣  ġʵ۵ĵѪʷѿ֧֣
һ仰飺ֻ뱨Чң
⣺ҪˣҪѧ


1 .     ˼ﶥ
ꡣ
賿ķ޲ܰ·˵γѪ
һԼСŮֿһѣŢС·ϡ
ҹ¹С꣬·ЩߵСȻˤһӣɢ˼
ææһϵ࣬һհ
ǣϴõǲľҡ
ԼƵĲľЩ֣ϴɾѣմ࣬ϴˡ
ôһĥ䣬ӱʱӱʯͷĵطѼˣֻվһߵȡ
ʱŸоЩģʲˤһʱˡ
һλԼ˾Сϴѣ̧ͷСŮ޴վţкߡ
˵ϰ˦˦ˮú֣ͨͨСŮӰסʯͷֽ˵ˮЩȶ̣ɵվЩñˮߡ
СŮ޵ͷX˵лл㣡
СͷСŮ޵һһӡ
˵Żԥһ£ǴӻͳһֻСӣָһɫĸ壬ͿСŮϵĿϣϸͿõ֬ҽʡã˰иңԼء
СŮæֵлһЬӣ߿ȣݺˮ
յˮ̹ǣ촽˲ͶЩϣһ߷һ߰óʪ
̧ͷСһʪѲ˫ˮһ߷Ŷ˫׽Ьַ¿ţ׼ˡ
СŮޱ㺰ʲô֣סĶأҽ֬
֬þˣҲָ㻹Сڰ֣ǣͺáˣأʲôѽ
СŮһߴһߴգģ֣
ְЩĽҼֻкû֡
ҪߣͣסһССͣڳݺҼСø˵ûʱ򡣡
˵㣬еСҰ˵ʮ¾ͻ·˵ͻ״ˡ
һЦ㣬һѷһˣѽѽ̫ˣȥһҪɡ
һߣһ˵ˣתս˫Ҳ÷飬æŤӣٴϴѣԼůһЩ
ϴˮʱֲˤӣ˫㶳ˣƴ࣬һ˫Żָ֪æʪѲ˫ˮŶ˫׽Ь¿ţһӳصʪѣǰС
ռסڴβӱԶͣͣ˴ʱŻصС
ѾˣĴųţſֻʳ
ȥһӣŵ¸Աߣվȥʼѡ
ʱ䲡ţãûӣЩϴϴˢˢĻɾû˸ˡ
̾˿ҪڼңҲôţǰ˵ˣȵܵһֱһ˲㲻ˣţֻô˵ܵȥݼס
ͻȻ˼ġ
ѣ䣬ᵽҩ㣬׵̿¯ǰ˿֣˳ҿչ޵ĸӣҩţˮһҩ⻹ûء
ݴռһ˺ѷεĿ̫죬˸ݲųСãСáۡƺš
ʲŽҸСֶý齩ģûио̣һ˫֪ͻȻ̵һ֣չ޵ĸһûסꡱһˤڵ£ѳɼƬ
ﾪһֻ˴
ˤһֻҲᱻˤչ޵ĸӡ
ռһۿˤɼƬչ޸ӣɫɴ䣬һ߿һߴ⻹ôҩ޲Ҳˣǲǣǲǣ
ռĸʱﻹʵ
ռҲԶ飬ΣһҲֳɼݣĸֵһһݣֵеģֻһƷӲĶಡֲƾӪԽ
ǰ˳д׬ãӿԣԲȥټ˵̥ҪǮֵȴɬֲͻȻȫӿͷŭ
ռŽţһ̤̿¯չһ̤ˡ
һ죬¯Ӻأչһأҩڵ¡
ŵһ˫ֱͷڵ£ҲҶ
죬æСã˳һۼõµǽ壬˲˵ʲôææȥһֻȱ˿ڵչޣˮһϴ˹ץµҩŽչޡ
̿¯ûˤץһƲ֣̿¯ӣǯ̿Ю˽ȥ˼飬ȣչ޷ŵ¯ϣˮѰһֻľӸȥҩ˵㰢ȡ
ռϵĶһǻ߻ΪһǻԼҲû˼һʱѹסӿϺͷĿԣݺݻȭڴϣһ˦֣š
̧ͷıӰ̧۾ȥ⣬Ը䣬һް׷ȥ㰢ϡ
ʱӣŽ䣬òҪӣӲ˺
ææȥ
˵ţȥռް˱ڻ׷ȥ
׷һ·Ҫ׷ռʱռͻȻͣ²ӣתȳûȥ
رף㲻ǰۼռԶˣȻվڵء
һ󺮷ϮӣްССͣѸо
ؼңҵ֪ռûҪްֻ૵ٴ˷磬Ըˡ
ﵹţæɨιֻСͰھȥˮ
䣬С˯ȥ׸ףһң˶١
׸ֻһ١
䰢Ƣѹ׸û׵£ȻҪǣڡ
ĬĬ׸׵׵ɨ¹Сϡ
ʢһϡٴ̲˸ЮһƬ̲ˣ˽ȥϡ
ʣµϡֻһ˳ԡ
ʣµϡǺã׼ռ
˰ˮռ˵׸û׵¡
ȥռûл
ھӵĴӴ׹һȥѰݣ˿ӱţŴˡ
νѰݣȥӱ߲Զɭɨ£µҶŵٱؼңſɹһɹɹջ
ﱳŰҶصǰһһ󷢺ڣŲ鸡
ʱռȻûлؼң溰󷹡
ĬĬʣµϡȣ˽ȥϡ
ˣͷЩΣûз쳣ֻٳϡһߵѵ㰢ʱŲš
šһʰȥ
˵ƣһһȥռûл
ˣϵĲӰܸоһֻһֻȡ
šȡͻȻдͷһи棬˵˿ȥһ磬Ǹûмûпѣرá
رãǲǿԼȣ
ССġڵӰͻȻ־


2 .  ֮   Դסһֻ
ֶ䣬˼Щ㱡
һĻôء
ǰЩӣһŮޣǵġ
ǣںˮ䡭
䣬˦˦ͷҪС֣ԺͻȻһС޶㲻
ʲô죬ƣܸоԶĺڰŹһʱ
˫ץסأҪȴֺӲŲܽҰһʱ֮ҲŲ
ԺǸ£Ҳģġ
ִһ£ŵÿʱ;ֵĹ£ЩҲд²ҿϰ˵ģԺһֺֻأ
ϵͳС鲻ô壬ҲƽżϵͳԽСͳǰĿǰıˣ緭̡С޶ɲʲôġ
һһ㰮Ŀǣ㽥ԺʵҪôأ
ϵͳЦԺÿգһţͨһٱźȻб緭̡
૵Ҳʶ֡
ϵͳҿԽ㣬⣬㰢ʶ֣ÿտɸѧ֡
ȴɻ󣬡Ϊʲôأ
ϵͳгһգȻ֪
ﻹʣȴƴţһʱϲǰ𣿡˵ܵűߡ
洫ռңš
æСӣվȥ˨򿪴š
ռææţغôţ˨Ŵӻͳһֽݸͷȥһһ㰢һ㡣
ﾪϲӹֽͷӲģֻҪȥ̿¯￾һͽ㽹ġ
ռûУ
ռһֵҳԹˣǵġ
ʱע⵽ռϴһĻɫްʵް˭ģ
ռиġ
ʵˣ
ռӦһ˴֣˶㣬ҪһĺоϺûôˣվϷǰȥףһްһҩ
˵Żͣӣ죬һŽŵףҩЩȵò
һ£˽ǩϺǰԲˣǰ˳дţӸϺаţЩǩĻһˣ˳ʱ˳Ҳǩף˵ҽüá
ռֿһϷһ㳱죬絽ܹ˽ʮ֧ǩģ˰öͭ壬ͷһ붹ӡӸףͷҴˡ
Ҿã˽ǩҲһӪ
ĺУԲŵϺУֻףʶ֣ݣ̯ӽǩʢףæҲ˲ϸ˽ǩ
ռΪĿǰǩӪû˸
һһʮ£˿Թô
ռԹի
º͵䣬ϴϴЩЪգ
ﵱѿͷææһϣʱûռûˡ
ռšһȥ򡣡
˵ţһ̧ͷע⵽һӣɫҲãüʵôˣ
૵һ¡˵תӣææͷȥˡ
ռԼ̤¯ûûһʱ̤̾¯ǻᣬ㡣
šһһͷ֪
ռһʱᣬûãûܳһ⣬ѾͷңССһɻ
ͷһˮˣȥˮ׼ռϴá
ռǶ͵ƣæȥ﷭ҩ࣬ҰҳһСƿҩŮ޶Ҫ࣬żҡ
߹ȥԹռͿҩ
ռЩֱЩأоʹȴ
˵ǶˣֻЩŪī£Щġ
æ꣬ŽԼС§˯
컹ûˣһʱԼԴﻹסһ֣СͳСͳ
ϵͳʱشڡ
һ־Ȼء
ϵͳҲ֡
һϽתƻ˵ңܰȥӱϴ𣿡
ϵͳ
̽ʵ㲻ϴѣ
ϵͳ̾С޶ϵͳֻ߶˵£ϴѡ
ޣˣ㲻ϴ
ϵͳĬȻһᣬŵ컹ţϼ֡
۾һ»㿴ԼԺһڰ壬дż֣һ֮
Ժãǻֻۣһμס֡
ϵͳʾһرʻдд˼顣
Ҫæȥӱϴ
֪Ϊ˿ڣůģΪԴסһϽʶֵ֣оͷˮ̹ǣҲܡ
ϴѻȥȴϷֻ
ĶϵھӴǵģϴϴ磬㰢׻
æӦˡ
ʱռȻһ׻
￴׵ף˿
ϴãսռСܽô
ռһ㶣Ů޶ЩҲá
ҳһֻӣȥװһɳڲݶһ֧֦ϵۼҲûī˷ѣѧ֣ɳϰɡ
˵ɳдһ֣
һͼǵεģд֦ɳģдһ֡
ռѧÿ죬ֽһ֡
һܿѧˡ
ռЩϲֵϧŮ޶Ҫޣɡ
죬ռѧ֣ϵͳǶѧʮ֣ѧһʮ
˯˷ܣϵͳϵʮˡ
ϵͳϻۡ
ڶգȥӱϴʱֻۿЩ죬ɵģյĻá
ϴѣҲϴˣӸһʵôˣ
ҡҡͷ𻰣ʪѼģڳֵ̧̧֣СѷһֻӲᣬ´ֻӣֿװЩ
ﴹͷҼֻһֻѵӡ
һᣬͣϢԼȻء
ҡҡͷҲͣϢһԼڵҽ㱻ˣȫˣҰס죬ͿҩȴȰȥ˵صĻ򶨻֡ʱ򣬽Ȼˡ
￴ŵ£Ÿߵġ˵ΪʲôҪΪʲôҪأ
ţ֪ôοźá
˵꣬Լӣְ̧ӣ߰գ
һᣬԺϵͳСͳܽǽô
ϵͳԣ͸¶ҵĴڡ
һϲӸǽ㣬ڸѧ֣Ҳô
һͣ½ŲЩŵѧ֣Ͻң
ͷ
¾Ͻ֣ԺͰϴѡ
СЦһΪӴ


3 .  鶨   ӵ
գռףҩȣԽֹסˡ
ʢһԭףЩҽʱʱʩҩ
ЩŷµģЩССֵģһһݣҪһҩỺ⡣
ʢǩ˶࣬ռµĽǩ˽Ҳո¶ͷǡ
ռ˽˼ǩЩĵãº󣬻ǩ֮ӼοСЩС
һһĽרռǩ
ռ˵ƵƵͷ
Ǿ̵ģͷĿԣҲ󷽣˶ʮǮռֵһֵܣ½ӣҪһ˸֣Ҵ
ռһϲֵл̨Я
ӻЦ̨ǩĽúã񡣡
ռؼң˵˽յ£ѶʮǮϣֵһ
ǮΣռǳǰĸ״ȥүҿүһһգ˵֣ҲҪǱǮسһա
ռЩʹʮǮδǺþûˡ
ϵǰõļǮҲһȥ׬Ǯʱͳ⡣
ռһ֮
ϴʶ֣һũмʶҲռԭ
ϴʱһ뷨ռ˳үȥһˣһգʦУ㻹һү
үնţһʿѧЩˮѧԲ֣˺Ŵʦ
ŴʦԼƣĵʿʦĳĳĳĳƣûмʶһɵȻ𾴡
үҪռһ䣬ռܽӣ˺Ҳ㡰ʦš
ռȴЩɣСֻ¾үָ㣬ңҲ֣ܿܵɫ񣬿ۼҡ
ͷˣϾүȥܿϲָ㣬ֲЦô
ռͷٸ䣬תͷ۰ͰͿջû֣÷ùٽ㡣
ȥʢһȥϣָռʢһ롣
ռ̲˳˷̧ۿһƼݵģЩϧѾͷϧƶҡ
Ѹٳ극ռϳ꣬Ͻʰϴɳǰռ֡
ռѧÿ죬һʱȤһʫŶ
üԣֻŶ飬μסˡ
ڶգռس˳Ϻ˰Ǹ⡣
ԹαطǮûгԷ
ռЦЦһ档
ϾС޶ŰǸǻϲأССһڣһȥһ߸ϵͳԹǸ𣿡
ϵͳһֲʲôϡ
ﲻͬ⣬ƽʱԲŵģðسǲŻ򣬿ϡˡ
һ䣬Ժһһδδŵĵģɴסˡ
ϵͳܵǹ𻨸⣬֣߼бǡ
Ǽʶ̾侹ʳ
ϵͳЦˣС޶ֻһС֣иʳû
̾ǡªš𣿡
ϵͳҲˣһĳ¾ˣ
ռͷ֣ǵö١
æ°Ǹ⣬ĨĨͣյռ߿
ռָ˼֣ǽ̹ģһ¾˳
ռͷ֮ǰ֣ɼҲûһ飬Ҳˡ
ռǰʵΪ˳棬Ҳţռĸ󣬼ֵּܷңֳǰȫˣռһҲûš
ֳУ鳭һֳ飬ȴýˣԴֵġ
ЩòãӲͦţҲȥֳǡ
ݸС޶ֺ˯ˣŽ˰ӣռĿֹסˣÿҲ룬ɵȥѰź־ӻڱ˼סˣ±ء
־ĵܵܣꡣ
ռԵܼͭ壬һȥˡ
հȥס˼ңǱߵݣ֣ùոĶݣĻرϲŮռ¹˲£հź־ȥСסġ
հŵּңȻ԰׷ÿհ֯Сææġ
հڿ죬ƣὲ£ǲּµĻġ
һհǱߵľүŴʦⴵ꣬˵ұԥҪҪŮռǶŴʦ˵һ䣬ռдˣպԻͷƣҲ¾ռҵƸ
ͷֵ־ҲжŴʦ֣־һдơ
ּҵĴֵ˰Σ־СһʱʲôСŮޣȴǿóϻ쳣ġ
СŮü㣬ŲͬѰũŮޣ˵ء
䣬ֵ±Ӻ飬˵ռЩǶˣĶŮҲʶЩأӣʱöӺﶨס
ҲհŴ˼񣬱ЩĶµҲʹãʱЩףס
գϱհ¡
հסּʱ䣬ּ֪ʵֵºͺҲǺˣµҲԸ⣬£û˼ңӺͶϱ
ЦȻ
˵ţѶԷ׼ңˡ
գռհź־ȥ·ϣհűּ׵˵ˡ
ռĬȻһ޶С̫ˡ
հ̾Ϊ޶СûҪϽҸס׼Ұһ
ռͷؼۡ
صң¸ᣬΪѵּҵ޶Сôʱף޶õĵطֲףǡ
հţЩ߶ּ̫࣬Ӧ£ǵñһݺȥУۼѡ
ţһʱЩò⡣
˼䣬Щ¶Щ¶ϵͳ±ʵСͳǺûǲã
ϵͳ򵥴ֱá
ﲻʣΪʲôأ
ϵͳֻּС˼ң䲻㡣

ϵͳŵԼ뷨ӣ˴Ҫ˵뷨
ͷ̵˵˵Ҳܲ졣
ϵͳߡһϵҸ˵
⼸ϵͳδ£¼ŷΪǿȰŰҪмʶȻô˵е
˰ε֪ô˵ˡ


4 .     һ׵
֣䲻һͯһСˡ
հŲͷһ֡ǺǡЦ㻹Сʲôѽ
ռҲ˵飬С޶Ī졣
ȴĬ
ȭ׳׳չȥСһиɸ˵̫綨ף˵С˼䲻ҡ
հţ
ռ
ϣ
һ˻Աˡ
ôС޶ҪûμҲ಻
հȻعСʵɳʲôô˵ģ
۾ҿɳʲôֻ˵Ļ
ռҲȥֻظ֮ǰһ仰
˼ʲģȥ棬
޶μɣ޶ڲͬܽأ
ռ⼸ѧֵ£հŵּ죬һѰ޶ͬμɣָһЯһҲһɲôˡ
ϰɿռ
հţǴּҵͷЦŵգǱһݺȥּңҸͷּҾǡ
ʲôͷأհŷߵڣһЩӦ˵ǻۣһǹ㵽ּңֱ⣬ЦֵºͺϵջؼңӺͶϱ޶Ļ£ӺͶϱǧϣգȥϰݷöŴʦһ׮£û뵽ŴʦԵ޶ȴһ̫綨ף̫綨ףδĸ
˵ţΪѵؿֵºͺϡ
ֵºͺһ٣ĸǿ󣬵µ޶ףҲô¾ͺãɲ¡
˫ͺ˵ЦһأԳ٣հ㣬Цдּҳˡ
͵ֿڣֶ׼ңһݣԺҪǵݡ
հŵȻضǲŶȹѹأɲݶ顣
ϼŶ⣬һ·Żת
հŻصУ˵˴£ֵû˵ɣû˺Ժѣˡ
ϵʱתԺأ
հŶ⣬һͷϣ
˵Żհűȥʰ㣬һ˹һۣ޶ԣͷȴ׼ײˡ
ǳӣº˯С޶Ը￴ŵܵ־ԼЬף׸С޶Ь
ϱæµţռˣʵհȥּҵ£ͷּҲһģԺԣЩҪر
ռ˵ţЦӻͳһͭˣʼ޵˶ЩΪ˼գҪϲµģִ󷽣һ׬ʮǮǮǹɫ񵽶Ŵʦһˡ
հźȻϲ붣˶Ŵʦ˵Ҫơ
ڶһ磬ռֱسǣɫ񣬱Ŵʦȥ
ʱ֣صУǶŴʦļˣԺҲɵˣ
ȻŴʦļӲܰ׼ǣڶҪȥТģռģˡŵӡߣʱȻТ
ռǡŵӡϢ￪ǩյĽ࣬Ȼߡ
գǰǩӴ˽ֵǰۼռΧһȦˣǰͷ
Ľֵޣ
޳˴죬Χռǰ˲ɢˡ
ռʱ˳ЦŹֵ̨ˡ
޳ϻᵽĽֵܡ
˻ͨ޳񷽱ԼСӵʱ֣ռ
ռС޶ɵָ֧죬Ц޶ð֣˵ֻһȱˮһˮԵ֡
˵ѡ˼ˮԵ֣޳ѡ
޳һʱֺãһʱ־Ǹֺãһѡһˡ
ռ⼸հֻһ֣Էɣ˵ôֻһ֣бѡûУǸ֣Է岻ѡģ󶼽æѡһ
ռһصӣѡһֳ޳
޳ˬˣİҪ֡
꣬޳˶ʮǮռ磬緹 ʲžڣǶһСӣŶǸɾȥĶô
ռûǰǻѵԵ͸һ÷գ
ˣռԲƾܣվЦҪλˡ
һ緹˶֪˶Էסںδлк˵ȵȡ
޳ռǶŴʦĵӣĽֵԭʦţֵÿڲš
˱˾ƣһʱЩȡ
޳ԼǾ֮ˣÿسŶҪգ²ҲҪ˲һصģռͶԵģҪ£š
ʵռŮµҼҴӽʮ꣬ѧʶǧģǲҽΣ
ռԣⲻ˾ϲ˶ˣܴӶԷ̸ŵжϳԷļҾ޳νǲЬӻڽѥżҾѡ
ּҸ޳ȫСơ
ռµļҾҪˣҲһּԺõ˼ңʲô˼ҡ
޳Ҫףֱ콵¡
ռһӦУΣ侲һ£Ц޳ֹˣ㻹ûҼ޶ء
޳񡰹һЦ࿴ҼҶˣ
ռЦ
޳ͷҴ˶Ұݷá
ﲢ֪һ׮Ҫͷϡ
ŻصҺ󣬽񣬵ӱϴ£Ȼġ
ضһͷˣվþˣǰڣҪС޶ԲϺȥӱϴѡ
հţȥӱϴϱѣᱻЦ˵ûŵϣһ˵ϲТȡ
С޶ȥϴѣû˻˵ʲô
Ӧ֣⼸յ˺ӱߣ֣ܿϴѡ
ϴѺӵӱϣ֦ڵдһ֣һһ
ѧ˼֮󣬸оϴѲ͵͵ԡ
ֺʦЦ
һϴѣ̻һֺһʪѻؼңûſڣͼհһް˳һ߽ӹӣһߵް
죬ţⲻܴ𣿡
հЦпͣһϡ
˵ţܵھ£⿪ϵľްްһ߶㻰ش𡣡
ʲôأֹ
ϵͳʱһ׵ˣӶˣ࿴ȫԱ⡣



5 .  Ǽʶ   ˴֮
ϣհźϱռ֪иϵĸҪŰݷá
ø޳Ϊףⲻ˵ϵĸ̣ΪλῴǼңͼʲôأ
ռȡһ㣬ô
հҲЩǮʱͻȻˣύһЩģףЩСҲ档
ռֵеģгճﶼġ
Щоеɻ
һ磬հźʰһ¼־С޶ָһܼ˵ѣհŸææҳһްˣɵϡ
ϱæµţΪ޳ŶӴϵܹ̫˲Żᵽû뵽̫û˾ˡ
ʱ˺һƥһֻ㣬ǣ֧黨
հžˣ̫ˡ
Ҳ⣬¶û֣ô񣬿̫
޳ЦǣֺȪʱհźϲ͵Ӧ 
Ȫʮ꣬һ˵ͷ˹İ׾˵
հŵͿˣӴȪͷʮҹӡǴЩСкȥֻûһֻܸȪȡ
޳հźϵı飬֪ǶȪ⣬°⡣
϶˲赹ˮģһȥհš
հŻ⣬ڣʾԻްȥﻻϣˡ
ſ̸˵һᣬհſͷˣϽްȥȻס
ﱻհŶһź˵󣬱㳯и񣬺һ
޳Сѵòӳü㣬һҲϲˣЦռϵֺɩӽ̵зţǴ˼ҽ̵ġ
æؿ䣬ȪǴ˼ҵĹӸ硣
ﻥһá
ڴ۾ƳһȪǡȪһææתͷ
ȪһСС꣬øҪȥ࿴Ǽ⣬ֲΥռңǽשģƵģֻڸ£òˡ
¼ﲻһСŮޣȲЩˣЦʮС¸ˡ
䲻հźȪȥһߣ羰ô
Ȫæֵһ·ѿ羰ˣٿһ£ʲôɿģ
޳ȴתͷģҪ㿴羰ȥաڴﲻǣǵóԡ
ȪΣֻš
ȪſһСȦһ߸ϵͳλСܽһ㲻Ҵ
ϵͳǣʮˣǴӣֻСӡ
ֵһҲ붨ףΪģ
ϵͳô
ƳһȪһʱ˵ΥĵĻһװ׾ȴ޶ÿ
ϵͳССͣΪɫˡ
ϵͳûд𻰣ʵѵҲ䲻ң
ϵͳǡ
Ķ䲻ϣʲôĲϰ
ϵͳǼʶųʷͼָŵġ
СľɫУһʱҲͷĿѣˣ૵ϾС
ϵͳ࿴⼸ٿǸ
ϸУͷٿȪȻˣԺŴôң
ϵͳأ½пܡ
Ҳǣַǿʲô²ܰ쵽أ
ϵͳһΣϵͳ֡
ϵͳ
ϵͳ
ȪţСŮ߼ͷһۣһЦɰۣˣͻȻԽǰͷֱһչ֪˭ô
ͣסŲ㲻޼ҵС磿
Ȫšüͷװ࣬ʵˣֱģϣС
Żһȥˣý¡
Ҫǰ⻰ﶨᾪ壬Դסһֻ֣֮ģͲµģµͻصˣҪСҲǳԱˣԲҡ
Ȫӻͦ󣬾ȻŲޡ
šüʱûдʱҲС˵һҪ˵Ķ
գһ۾ϵͳʲô
ϵͳʲôֻǲ㶨ס
ҲãҸղſУҲƲˡ
˵ţѸһŵı飬ͷܣһһߴ󺰵ˣСҪˡ
Ȫ㲻Ӧȿޣô


6 .  С   С
̸ͻȻĴԼͬ⡣
հææվ˴һʵôˣ
һֻ۾װίһָֻȪߵС˵ֱģҪԵҡ
ӴӴС㿪Цأô͵ˣհЦŰһֳȪûСʲôᵱ档
˵ŻհŰС޶Ц˵˵Цˡ
޳һȪڼҺúõģô۸ˣ
ռæԲС޶ˣиҲؽ
Ȫۼͼιȥ̸£ɰնֳ﷭ۡ
ѧ˵̾˿Сû붨ףֲҸ˵ֻҳҷۡ
ȪַһʱͻȻͳһ۾һ߿һߴСһֱҷۣԺһ۸ңҲҪס
һ¶˴ع޳ȥȳȪհæѵ˵ڿ˸ǰʧ
ǰС޶ֵۣò׵µټ̸޳²ˣҴ˼̸
ռҲͬ޶СЩ˵ա
հźϳʱæȥʰɱ׼ͣһĶֹ䡣
ϵ޵ҵԸףҿǸ޶Ƕ£ԸءǿԺ۸
հﱾǧϵģ⵱ҲЩԥСҪȻۣ
ù緹޳Ȫˡ
հŵǿһأְ޳óЦ˵̫Ǻˣ黨̫أȥơ
޳Ȼƾܣ˵ȴˣͲߣҪߣǲ棬˸ơ
һأհֻһӼ
޳ȪϼȪ׸˵ʲôô͵ſ˵ˣ̫ʧˡ
һ飬۾װС統Ŵ˵˹ģŴ˿һֱ˵ҪԵҡ
˻һΪȻһĳһ仰Ϊ䲻
СССͣѧˡ
հ̾˿ͷЩ
ϱŹţһ棬ͳ˵ʲô䲻ϣŻҰգûԺ
ռɫҲЩãֲϸףź˵ʲô䲻ϣ
հһֻ֣޼˺¶ɣԵú񣬱̰˼ҵĶͷֱС
ռǰ˶ظǡ
ֻһףﻹеССźģ׾һȪ
ϵͳϵǿ
ﻹû𻰣ͼԺгһϷһ̨ӣųһȺУᶯ˵ͷΡ
ϵͳܵӾɫлСƵֵ̬ˣⲱӣ⡭
ϵͳӲסĻȣͯô
죬ϵͳӽ֣һҪмʶֻСƵǲģö֡
ٶȼ죬ϵͳּһſγ̣һѧ
ȻҲ֣Żᣬָռѧ
ռ½ȥһ˶ʦУТ˳һڵ³¼ĥīָһ
ռѧͷٸϵͳѧΪϷ֮ľ޴ࡣ
ѽ̫ˣ˵ĶһͶһЩأһȥ졣
ͬնﰡ
ת۵أռȥһ޼ңǻϴεĺ
ʱȴִŶһƥһСŮ²ʳ
ռհźϵ޼ʢ飬ǵûͳʳôҲƾܲˣֻû
ָָСŮ£̫̫ó˵ƾܣ˵ϻȪ˵ˣظж£ҵĴߣһףǱŸģҲҪƾܡ˵þˡ
հ£һ߯õĲϣ㰢ǻᣬҲĺѡ
ϵЩǣЩǷҵģ
ռͷֵ̫̫л˵
հźһû˶׵ͷۡ
ռšһұҲ̫̫̬ȣ·ִ磬ණһ·˼䣬˵޼ңҾҲʶ
ԭԴհֵ¼Ҵһӵ¶㾭ּҵͣѼңŴѵѣ޼Ƕ
̫̫һ񣬱š
ڶգռŴµһϣǰ޼ҡ
Ȫ鷿д֣ǰ̧֣ͷƣʵ˭ˣ
ܿܽ磬ǸӴһСˡ
ǰõ£ȫǸģĸͻȻ⣬һˡ
ôӴСãϴģױ¡
˰
Ȫһ⻰Ҳһǰɣˡ
׺ĸ׻
ȪҲˣеıһ飬һܿǰ÷סǼôĶʹԸˣҸٿӡ
һ룬ǧҪ˵ָʹġ
ܿͷУҵ£ǼңҲóԸ
̫̫ˣƽڼЩʲôֵȵȣڳ󷽷ˣһʱЩ⡣
ţ˵С˼ҳģ˵СС͵İضҲӳѵˡ
ϴЦռҼܿȥ꿪ʼֻ֣޶ۣҲûϵü֣֣ܿſǷˡ
ռ޼ҵųЩӣӿ봵һʱڿֿ죬Ҳ죬ǰҴȥ㣬㷷ûǮˡ
̫̫һЦСС;ͻ⵹ѵá
ܿű÷⣬Ҳȥֻ˵ܼһ񵥹һڽţ񵥣ܽڣЦ̫̫ʶֵĻ񵥡
˵ţƵؿ
̫̫ȴΣСȳʲô֣
޳ҲȳܿĪҪ֣˶δܿ񵥣С޶˵ʲô
ռһΣ޼ҵС޶Щ
ȴǵվһֳܿ񵥸ơ
ܿϰ񵥷ŵϣֻ
Цأⵥϵ֣д벻ϵãСϵã
չ񵥣һԣһԣƿ
˳꣬סˡ
ǱȪҲסˣǰɣСϵô֣


7 .  ˸   ʼ
ռԼҲû޶ôְôȫϵã
ˣԼ¼ʱųʱ̲סͣһ޶ԱĥīƽҲһЩ֡
ռһ룬»ȻʣԼ޶߿һۣһ˲䣬Ϊ޼ҲһԼ޶
񵥣صܿϣŤͷռؼˡ
С޶ͨ͸Ƴܿĵˣɲš
ռ⻰û޳̫̫һγ壬ʱ˰峵ˣвʣȴؼңպ˿նݺ򡣡
̫̫ȻǿΣȻˣԵ緹ߣʱߣԵǴͲܣȥЦ
Է˵ˣǿиǣռֻûͷȥǲۺô˵ͷָͷϵ˵㡣
ʱռΪ˷ֹС޶Ƣ˵ָͷϵһ㣬͵ؼ˻ǳԡ
ؼҾǳأһ䣬ˬҶġ
޳̫̫һҲɿЦſһġ
һ׮£ռ޼ҹ۸½Խ֮¡
޳̫̫޶ԲҲ׵£̸ֻЩ£άһ湦
ù緹ռǣ޼زǽʵʵָ
صУռհź˵˽֮£ֵʶʶԺ˵Ϻ˼ ǷҪ޼Ҳɣ¾ա
հźһҲЩߣ޼ҵС޶˵ǴݵġԼҲʣʹ˸Ҳá
ռ˲֪СС;ʶ£޼ҹܼӵ֪ؼҵĹܼӣ䣬ʹ֪ط˶ˡ
޼ǲ̣ÿܻ֪ؼТͲƥһȥģ޼ҵĹܼҲܸ֪ؼҵĹܼӴһ仰
޼յׯһݴ񣬹ܼ񵥽ʱ񵥱ܿˣ֮˳ϵ֡
ܼΧȫ̡
ǵһƼССŮ޶ϵôֵġ
֪ؼҵĽųɣҲϲô֡
޳̫̫ռŮͼׯּܼ͵֪ؼҡ
޼ҵĹܼ֣˳ӣ֪ؼʱ֪صĹܼӳӴ˵֮ӾշġȤ¡ϸ˵Ĺ̡
֪ؼҵĹܼշ˳ƷӡСϵһ񵥵֣Ҳ£ǿ˵ʵʵ˼ҵĽҲδʶ֣ռŮССˣ˵һ
Ӽӿϸ͵ءǰҼ̫̫ҲռŮǹ˸һӵģһȷˡ
ţ£䣬֪ط˸˵ʱʶֵ¶һƵȤ£Ц˵
֪طСŮʶ£ζݣСŮǹ˸ʱ˲䶯ݣʵ֪λʦģ
ӵ˵ǶŴʦġ
֪طһֱӣŵҸͷҼռСŮޡ
һԲ죬̽ʵ롭
֪طɫеݣҽҩЧ΢ܵԱķӡ
֪ؼҵĴӷ˽꣬ʱȾ纮ûãҹʱʱѣݵΣϼҵǡ
Щӳҽҩ֮⣬֪ط˸ԣҲнԵ˵Сɷܵһλ˸Ůңܽôѣ˦ơ
Ůң˸Ůȴң֪طһǹ˸϶˼
ڶգȥһ޼ңֹ̫̫һ̫̫֮Ӧе°ϡ
֪ط벻עռСŮޣ⻹ô
ҸͷռӴŮ޶ϸ㣬֪طܺúÿ
ϣϵͳȴǸʱϵõѲ٣ʱһжˡ
ܾϲܶˡ
ϵͳһţǧŰ汾һ·ǳ򵥣һŮ޶Сʱ򱻱ˣǧ£ĸؾֺݣʶޣŮȦݣǧ𴦴ԣݺҡ
һһ㶣Сʵֲǹôôˣ
ϵͳж֪꣬Щµ·Ժ󲻹ʲô·ӦԣԶ˵Щš
ͷֲǧΪʲôЩ·أ
ϵͳʱʵˣǧǧ𡣡

ϵͳʱ򣬱ˣĸǾеĹˣԺ㡣

ϵͳ֪ͺãɱ͸¶ȥȻһоͲˡ

ϵͳΪʲôȫʡԺţ
һﶼܺãΪʲôҵĸҲţ
ϵͳ޶Ժŵġȿš
˵֡
̫С׵ֿ˹µջܿ͸֡һţǧ󱻸۸ʱɴ𾪵ûʲôΪʲôҪ۸
ϵͳСͻᱻ۸ҪǿЩ
ֻ˼ҳţ˯ˡ
Ǹ۸Сǧ


8 .  ۱   
أҸлæýŲմء
⼸ռǩԽǩĶˣһЩԼ򣬺ܸǩһпϵĻ
ЩǩзպͲ֮£ָֻ·ռһ䡰ָ㡱Ǹмʵסںδ˼Ǳġ
հźϱĽ⼸£ǽȼü֮һʱ䶼ϲЦտ
ϸ˫ֺʲˣûǮƷ⵹ˣȫˡ
հҲֳĸһ£Цռңʱ˵ˣǹϺӡ
ϱ˵ȴ˺һհųһƣֵµӺϣæʲô㴵ˣ
ϽţϴһкЦŰŵϣæţͲˣУһ仰ġ
æȥˮһߵȿˮ˵գ
ϰֵڼҺͲˮˡ
Ҳǿʲôֻ˵ô
Ц޼ҵҴؽ׼۱³лڻ۱³ģҲҪȥģ˵Լһȥһˡ
꣬ϻУٽʱ̥رÿֵ˯ţΣҲ˵̥쳣ҪѲơ
Ϻ£ȥţŽ飬Ǵ̥쳣ȥӣ˵ܶȹѹء
ʮУʢģǻ۱ˡ
հźռҲϴ̥գȥ۱㡣
ʯȪ۱Զ˰峵ȥҲҪ칦
ʰ˶ϴ۱¡
УհźռϽ㣬ϱ㣬ȴ¶ʹƺҪˡ
հźռŻˣκֻеɮ˸ңհſϣռͷȥҲš
ռѲʱѺˣҪŽ£ȴԺģסˡ
죬æݣ˵ԼС
ܿģһӣʵռǲţɾϲȻӣһš˵űֺŸ¡
ռæסԼӽУԼӽġ
żһ⻰˲ֻ࣬ҼҷҲֻһšǰŲҼҷ˵Уòһģֶ࣬һӦԼ׵ˡ
˵ţɷ˵˲ߡ
żԷŸ֪ŶԷķ˽кͣռ˫㲻ͣˡ
ռסţû취ֻӵİţɶԷ˰ŲС
ʱռһӲȥֻհŽȥӦ
°ҹдӤѾ߳ռϲӸҼҷͬʱһλ޶ϴԡүֻܷģҼҷ˸㼰ʱ˲ǰԻӺͽû٣Ҽҽһó׼ҽϡ
ռæл
հűСӤռƣЦŵˣ޶һ٣Ͱ͵СһƣȴһģһʲŲ㱧
ռ˿С޶æհűȥ
հŰС޶ȥϻιֳ̣ռ˵һ˵¡
˵²һϾ;ʲô£г̣⴦ٲòüʱ
ũ׳Ϣ죬˵һв㣬Ҫؼҡ
ߵӱ㺰˳һ˻ؼҡ
Щȥˣ£̾ա
޶ﵱճģռ޶
ǰ彿Ѵ֮ÿػ۱һ㣬һأԴ˺󣬼٣ҿŻÿɰ
꣬ҲǴմﵽ۱ġ
̫̫ȻӦ
ϼӦˣõҵҪȥظ̫̫̫̫Իɳǡ
æֵ磬˰峵ȥУɳӣǵö󰡡
Цˣ̫̫Ȼǻɳҷģ⳵Ǯ
΢³ǮǾòطǮ
ۿһģųӣůůͺ㲻ôŰ峵Ĵ͸磬Уഽϵģÿ
һ㲻ƴǡ
޼ǰ˵ף̫̫һһҪԼһ㣬һǱ֣ȷʵÿ
ڶգһ磬ֺϸһ˼仰ȥʰƷ
ʱ޼ɵĳӹȻ 
ϱӣ
ʱ򣬳ӵ˻۱£һλ˻ҺëĸӭЦ̫̫գ˵ֺЦɿ
æһһĸá
ϱ֪λ̫̫ˣҲЦʺá
£ϣ̫̫ܣ״ϵ磬ǻʱǡ֪ط˴ŽҲ㣬ǰ˺ãôš
˵ţͣ¿ϡ
һ֪طˣȻСʵôţ
̫̫Цеԭ֪طҲʶöֵ£˵ˣɵôȥơ
Ͼϲ֪ط֪ʶ֣
̫̫񵥵£Ǵ˳ȥһȥģʹ֪ط˶ˡ
֪طһŵģ޶ִֶϻۣ˵
Ϻһֻڱˣеκһ侲æѣС֪طʱ񣬸λػȵȡ
̫̫Ҳʧ񣬸Ŷ䣬ǽ˾ҡ
ڣ֪طų飬Ůڰǰĥī
Ų֪ط̧ͷһۡ
СȴԾߵǰҿӳ̫̫ôǽ
̫̫Ϻ˷
֪ط˼ǽʣ΢Цأ˵գ
֪֮ط֣úӣơ
￴һϣͷ߹ȥ֪طߡ
֪ط֣ЦôЩС
ձˡЩ󣬲С
֪ط˼ڳôǰҲӣЩϲЦָָϳ¼õķ𾭵ϵЩô
￴˿ҡҡͷмʶá
֪طһЦҲļֲʶã̧ͷȥϵô
æվ˵˵¡
֪ط꣬Ҳһңǵأ
ϼ֪ط˵Уûüӣɿ
֪طʵϽ궼۱£Ϥ۱⣬㳯ʲŲǳҪȥº÷ôһȥգ
۱һիˣº÷
ÿ죬º÷ŭţʤաҴţ˻۱µ÷ؼҹƿܱһ
ÿ궬۱ͣҲ֪ɮţȥº÷
ܿģһ֪ɮһ֪طߵ֣ͷһȥº
꣬ЩСĻһ·ţһ·׻
ﲻʱش
º󣬷Ѵ֪ռмˣƽʲôӪ˭µȵȡ
Ů޶÷йһȦ÷֪ɮʧǻȥ
÷ҪתͻȻһ󣬽гҵĻˡ
ĻǴ˺ϵġ
һʱ˽԰
÷ӣָָһȥǱҡ
һ·ҹȥûҼȴòԶͣפ૵
ϵͳͻȻһλɫУյɽ£Ƽˡ
ͼЩôһ䡣
ϵͳ롣
һ˲ķˣȾ͹С·
ϵͳ˵Ĺյɽ£һ˲סˡ
ɽվһλڴĺ꣬ݱ÷ޡ


9 .  Ե   ֮
֮˽֮οﱾһչɽϵľɫ꣬𺶵ò
꿴Ųʮ꣬ͷñӵƮƮƺҪշߡ
뵽ѧһʣƮƮɡ
ѧôȫʱɽһ֦÷أͣűߣһ룬Աһڣٽһֱӳɽ¹䡣
Ŀɿڴűߡ
һֹ֧أӣͼվϧ˽ţһôҲվ
̾Сʱҧνһҧʮ²ʲż÷أмһҺɫһΪߣ֮±һڣ
ιû°ɣСѯʡ
ѭһƣſԱһ𺶵Ů޶
ףü˽ţ߲ˡ˭ҵĺӣҴأ
ڡ֣꣬̾УԶۣҲɽÿǶÿǶȵ
ϵͳʱ䣬ûҪϡ
ﵱѧ䣬û㣬Ҫϡ
üܣС
һͷͻȻһëȻڵء
˳߿ȥɫһҲˣ
ʮԶĵطһֻǡ
֪ܽС޶ǧҪҲҪС˵ţذס
ＱֱϵͳСͳôأְֻܲܳǳԵ
ϵͳҲ⡣
ＱȰ̵³ԡ
ϵͳ
˵ʱ죬ʱֻѸһԾܽ˹
ʯ䣬ϵͳȵ£
ﵱǰһɣɵ썆ϣ¸оԣȴϵͳֺȵ׽ס֣Ͼ٣
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôͻȻֻϵͳĻ׽סֺݺһ١
һѹСһ󣬷֣Ӳסˣֻһ죬һѪζ˱ǣͷճճĶٽţ˹ȥ
ʱоڡ
ϼææֱ۱סһʵôˣʲôطʹ
ǶһѪζ˻֮ǰ龰ۡһ˳һֻǣ̫ˡ
æıο²£ֻѱүذײˡ
ʵ͸үû𣿡
ҲڷڣүǰǸϹȥʱүϣүذױذûϣѪõǡ
˵ţؿڶүҲȫѪģˡ
ﾪ𣿡
ûֻˡܼҵ˸ˣ˵үܾȣҪϽȥ¡
߶Ҳ֪үʲôˣССͿ̫ӢˣһذɱһֻǣһأҲлǾˣҲûֻ֣˵ܡ
̫̫Ҹе˴һ£Ҳ֪үʵ˵Ҳæȥʵôˣ
ֹ˿ޣûţǺ¡
ɿָı
ܿģ֪ɮһ붨ϿˣšӸͲӣ˳ٲްϲѪֻѪްڣһ޷ȫֻա
£ϱؼң̫̫֪ط˵һҲ£æȥ
˶裬Щ룬˯ˡ
˯ѣ㵽˼ǰ
䣬ռհҲ龭Щ£үȣȻΣӣԺлټүɵúл
յ£˯òȣΣнλӢµꡣ
ʱξº˲٣ֻһͲˣʣ÷̸Ц
󣬸ϵͳμˣ֪Ժûл
ϵͳšһԵˣ
ܿ쵽˳Ϧҹռȫֽ꣬ʫһ
ܵ־ҲһͿ
ȫһЦ
հŻУȫ˵Цʲôϵͳ֣ϻ˵Ҳǰģ⻰ǺҵİɣǶôãôܲġ
ϵͳԼվӣ㳤øܵܺòŸ񡣡
Щã˼һ󣬷հŻ˯ˡ
հŰڣŵϣǺñӣռϵ̫ˣûһøӡ
ϵ£ⶼõܵܳԣǡ
ռҷģи룬ȫġ
հźһæǆȻ
ڶ꣬꣬ռ޶ذݣæµ˺һ졣
СѹǮһһߡЦأѹǮ
ȻѹǮ˳ҪϽˡ
֪طǱߣ֪һ¡
Ҳ֪ɺϻΣԴյ۱¼Ҷӷ˵Ŀȼպת⼸ܰ˯ɫҲһƬҰܡ
֪ط˼ȥռСССҲжϣģݻ۱µɮ˵ʱۣȷʵǹ˸񡭡
֪ط˸֪ص飬ҲҪһģÿռӣ꣬Ǹʲôģۡ
֪ҲΪһеĺ÷ӣͷͬˡ
Ԫ̫̫ռһˣռҵ˵֪ط˵˼
ռҵһȻϲССŮ޶ȥ֪ؼҵǶҫˣһϵڣҲ˵ס
˵ˣÿأҪʡãһ˰Ľˡ
̫̫ռҵȫͬˣԼﵽ֪ؼҵӣֿ׼䣬Ÿǡ
̫̫հæȥ㣬˵Ҫȸ칫һ㣬лռң
ϵЩ˼ҲӦռֹ˼䡣
ռСȴеʶǡ
ϣռӽ֣Ŭδ˽
ѧ棬ռЩģģһúõġ
̫̫Ҳڸ޳ֹ֪ط˵˼ӵԽ̵ˡǹ˸󣬶ûͣ
޳Ƴһ۵ôֲˣ
̫̫һ۵еˡ
޳ʧЦҡҡͷǰ˵Ҫԥռҵ£ҪҪ̽˼ССǲˬ죬֪طˣ
̫̫ߡһҲҾֹһ
޳̫̫ļ򣬡ˣǼһ׮УҲ֪طһæܻţûԿ
̫̫һ룬תΪϲ޳УԺ󰡣ҪȪ˵һŸõ¡
ȪҲû˯ڵ£⼸մӼ˲õ͵֪˵֪طվҪͷ˶ơ
Ȫе㲻ˬͷͬɷ֪ؼҵĹӣۿЩӵܣ¸ˣ˻Ҫ
ȪޣһʱԼǰƲ¡
ظʣСƾʲôģ۲ŻòԼ
СС꣬һӺöģ⵱˺üƻ˺µķӡ


10 .  ˼   
˵Ҳ棬ﵽ֪ؼһգ˵Ŀȼȫֹסˣûٿȹһ˯ˡ
֪ط˾ϲ֮࣬ĶӵĿȼղһûЦˣѰ˼԰ĻˣѣҲһ¡
⣬ҲѼһ˶СѾͷʲôۣ۲ЩԻٵһ¡
Ͼӻûˣ˭֪ʲô֣и˸Ů޶ߣǰࡣ
ʱܿȼ֮࣬һãػһأ˵˰һ룬ƢȴǱ֮ǰºࡣ
Ҳǹ˸֮£ʱ̬ȼС
ﱾ֪ؼҵ˽Уŷ
һգǰָܺѾͷӲ԰ӣĺ˵е¹ϵ
˵ţ½ˡ
ⷬͣҲ޼ҡ
̫̫ܳʹȪܿǰ
Ȫܿʶ÷˺ͷ񣬼һһڵ԰ˣ
Ȼ
һ˵ýؿȪŷ䵥ǰ˵ȡϧֲһࡣ
˵Цһֻˡ
ȪֵӲţѧҵˣҪҿɽҵıʼǡ
ЦЦҸȻᰲ˸ҲΣȪֵǡ
Ȫͷһգ̾û뵽ҵ뼰ǰȥʱ˵һֱ׷ҺС磬ûµˡ
һȥң죿
Ȫڳر߳һУŽӿŵҸĸǺѣȥǻᣬĸ׻ҼУǴΣ񵥣ǲ֪ʶ֡
һ£׺ĸ׼ϻۿɰ
δ˵꣬ææֹסһԼǣѽҼų֣вʲô⵹
ˣǺǣ
һˣţͤѾŲ¯͵׷ˣһݸˣһ߷ֵģȰ˵˵ˣȼֹ԰ﴵ磬һͻطգ
˲Ѿߣǰ˵棬Ĳݵеǽ²裬
ﲻӹ賢һڣúأлл˸硣
ٵݹһģҲóԣ
ٴνӹûԣȪЩСҭš
лл޼ҸġӦһ䣬ʼԵġ
ȪͻȻǰһͷ˱ȣЦһЩأȥ׷˵ʱŵҸ£ᵽؿˡ
ŵģҲ˵Ҹˡ
˼ȪĶͻȻ죬ǰһҼסţԵú˯úãȻ߳󡣡
ܿ翴˺ȪĲԾˡ
ôǾˣ
ܿ粻Ʋôĳ
С޶˼չ졣
֪ط˼ǳһᣬǣߵˡ
һ˻ߣָֻ˹˳
Ǿϲԭһ˰Ͱˡ
һæס꣬ϴ£С˵Цŷ
֪ط֪ϱһЩҪģµ˻û룬Ҵ㰢ٹ
Ӧˣȥ԰ӣһ˵Լ⼸ڷιģ˴Լεȡ
ϣɿЦʫ˼ңȻأ
ҲհŰ񣬵õƤ
ϴˣЦǰո־£һߣ־߶ô
ĸŮ˵һӻʱſҲൽˣתǰͷ
Ŀ˶ǷѣЩһǹػ˵壬һȻۡ
˵СüĿ㣬ų˵ġ
˵ССŲӳǵĸϡ
˵Σ˵Ŀȼֹסˣһýͷġ
ɢ߿ˣ֪ط˱ֹ֪ţЩѵǿġ
֪ص˸ֹ˿ȣ磬ЩȻҪ˵Ķ㿪
֪ط˳һˣȷʵҲûʧ󷽵ġ
֪ص˸ˣ㿴˳ۡ
֪طһЦˣү˼ˣ²ҹơ
֪طû˵µ²˼ˣͿ
ҲһЩۣ֪ط˽УǵʵҪԽ׼ϱġ
ҪǸǰЩ϶ҪȻŭҪСõȣ£һȴΪǹ˸Ҳûʲôԡ
ϿıػһԵóԵĵģҲһӹȥú
ԽΪһԣֻС
һգ˴ѧ֧񣬵ݸһܱʵ˵ддڣʶͺëˣܱ㡣
ﾪϲӹ˿ʣææл
ֵԺʲôȱģֻܸҡ
˵ţɫһۡ
ڷңԵú˯úãִһЩɫҲ׾࣬㡣
Ϊúô磬ȷۡ
л꣬ǻȥ
˻عס㲻ǻһѧô
ͷѽ
֧һµܸһֻɰô
Ӳŷһѧһѧ壬һ͵͵ϷӣпӼ˻ɰʲôϷ룬÷˵ĻֱЩףϵֱ岻ãһֻգ
˵ţַӦԼ˵վͤ˵Ҳǲףһʱææ˸˸磬һ¶һ
δ˷Ӧתһˡ
˼ĶӡһȴʧЦף޶Ƕˣ֪ˡ
У±ʣоЩ̣ɸϵͳֹ˸ҪɰǸϷЩһ˼ô
ϵͳԼǲǡ
£˸֪ؼҵĹӣÿҰɣ
ϵͳأ
̾һ
ϵͳǺǣȻΪɫԣҲ֪һξ
һΣμ÷еľɫꡣ
ͬʱ̣ܽҲһΣһλСŮޣҲһͷǡ
ã估ԼǰϾ;У·۱£ȥ÷֣дʱɽ£һͷǣһСŮ޺˶ǵ¡
ʱˣСŮ޵
һСŮ޻׽ذ׵һ٣ǣֻ˽ҪΪǸʳ
ԵҪúлһء


11 .     ȶ
ڷҵŷ壬ϵͳжţӺ͹ȥꡣ
һ꣬ʮ꣬ʮꡣ
ѿʼ˵ˡ
Ȫͷȴ˫˫ţԺԺһǵԺͶ׼³ˡ
Դӷ˿֪֮ط˶̬ȣͿʼҡ
һ棬ԴﵽҺ󣬶ת˵ѧҵҲʼ˳šһ棬־ţӶˣ˵ܿῼоˣǰ;Զ䲻϶ӡ
̬ҡڲҲˣ۹䣬ҲΪã׳̫ͣ䲻Լү
Էԣȥ
Ӹϵͳţжʮˡ
ʮȻǧĹ£±رϡŹ֣˼⡣
Ůܼͷ¶첲Сȣܺһѧһ£ܵϴ
ϵͳﲻ⣬첽±ĸ֣͵һЩŮƾԺƽƽء
ﾪ̾ˣԭгһգŮӿ
ϵͳҲЩοô꣬С޶ܷʣԼһЩ뷨
ѽڣ֪ط׼ؼһˡ
ؼң³־ܳϲˡ
־ͷЦ˵أ
⼸ʱ䣬ռڰԵģټÿ֪طӣӽùоݷ£һЩ¼Ҿ㣬Ҳʵ˼ˡ
˵ŻհҲˣż˰ſڸʲô
Ҳ㣬ʴʲôóԵĻûС
ʱӣЩûһЩźֻһжǵЩ
ŷ°˺ȥһƣԭ
Щ꣬شλؼңȻȥӱϴÿֹһظԵ顣
ʮ꣬ºɳΪۡ
С¶˵˵ߡ
˹չֽǣӱȥ
¹磬ӱ߲ûˡ
ƣŵٹգҾͲʯȪˡ
ԾʵҪȥĶ֮ǰû¶һڷ磬ͻȻҪߣ
ﴹͷһЦߵұҪߣߵԶԶģһӲ
ü䣬ۣڴֻһѣҲֻ㣬ɱ͸¶ȥ
˽ҲҿȷˣСʵΪʲôףɿ𣿡
̾һҴûˣҰҪҵң˵޶Сչ׵˵֪֪ף¡￪ʼͬ⣬ȴ˿ڡ
˵˴ɫתΪȻʱڣ㱻Ź򣬻ʱһˣҲۼΡ񣬰ҪӣȻϣҷ
һסֵ㱻£˼ңôܼޣ㰢ϹǴĺ㰡
˸УΪӦиһʺƸҰǮݣٸܵȢһϱ
߿ΪܵܣͲˣ
̤һµµʯӣҡҡͷʱԹתɬҪã£ұף˵ңԸԶ߸߷ɡ
˵磬ҿɺˣ
һ磬ܹЩģ磬سŵ𣿡
һۣ粻Ḻҵġ
ţԣԱˣϣ粻Ҫ
˵һӻִӻзһֻɰеǰҹģһֻ˱磬һֻ㡣
ɰϸƣɣǿ˼䣬ֵҳʱæû㵽Ҳһ
ͷƤЦĺöˡ
ֹ꣬תʱһ£ȡ
ȥ·ϣеأʯȪΨһѣҪԶˣ֮ٻش壬¶Ҳֹ
СϣԵԶأһӴԶʱ᲻ᱻ֣֣ʲô³
ڶգȻ񲻶磬׼һܱʣʱ׼Գپ͵ӱϣѱ͸
ûţͻȻˣǼҵСͶˡ
һȻᵽɤϣʵĸǼң
Էܱ߻ͷβǼﰡʮ꣬껪
ҲţӺ죬Ҫܡ
հסȳС޶ʲô
Ｑţ˵ˣѰҵȥơ
հ֪ｻã֪ȥֻ¹Ҫź룬ϴϴ֣ȥ
հŴﵽӱʱӱΧһȦˣʬںӰϣϸһ鲼ĸĸʬԱߣ߿ޱ
Χ˻ġ
ҪǰȥհסȰ˸ӲÿҪΣС˼ҵǨŭ㡣
ſհŻУŭģۿɬȴûᡣ
հŵǸԱߵĸŮ˼䣬ʵǼСôͻȻ벻£
Ůһһ˵˾
ԭ׼ͱ˽ˣǼ˴һϣңűһӵ棬ʱΪθ˽ͷ
ﵱʱ̧ͷű磬Ϊ¸ҳϣû뵽統˵棬ȴʸϣ˵һһԸǰ;˽ơ
ǼһûɫҲҰˡ
صУǼٴδ˵ҪԸ¼
緹ʱ֣Ǽ˸˰󣬴ùֱٰӰҡ
ﵹǹԹ˷ֵ˵֪ˣü˸һᡣ
Ǽ˼ˣΪڽˣǰɿ
һᣬҪ֣ݺСéûг
Ǽ˸оԣȥСéݵţŷţˡ
һѰʱŷͶԾˡ
˴ҧгݣǼȻɶ񣬿ǸҲǶ
ǶһƬģϲԾ
صʱ﷽ſ˳
ŮӵΪʲôôأ
ϣϵͳǿŮԽ˵Ǹִô᲻ᴩԽ
ϵͳܡ
ᣬȭЩŮӵӳĵģһ͸ģճЩϸĵģóá
ϵͳܽţ߲밮ӡ
﷢ĵҳһȶӶġ
ϵͳԷǴأ
ǴУҲȶģලҡ
ϵͳ


12 .  ѧ   ֪ط˵˼
֮һܴĴڶ죬ͷգŵռææȥ˴Ρ
㲡ʮ죬źת
ʮڴϣŸּ裬ҪΣŲ
ʮһ죬ͨˣĻȻβ޵ңҲǱġ
ڵʮЩŮôôܸɣܱס
ת뵽ԼһҲҪˣ᲻ᱻ۸أ
ΪŮҪҪúã÷ѶѪĻ˰
ϵͳڵúжţܱסֻúá
̾һϵͳһжʮһš
佥ϵֽ࣬жŵٶԽԽ죬жʱ಻֮һһϵͳϵͳ꾡͡
ڶģϵͳʮʱоԼµʶ֪ط˵УҲһζͬʱʱЩԼ뷨
ϵͳ֪طˣϵͳ˵һ仰֪ط˽˵ĻȫƨɾԴҪƶ񣬾;˵
ϵͳοԽԽͨ͸ʼվߴˡ
ţСѾ߽չ׼ǹǱ׼òˣȥأ
æ
ĩҪޣ֪طϧļҪɣ񵽱ׯסһΣڳǰġ
ȥׯҪһ
ȴЩǣˣˣúȥδأ
ĬԺҪΪޣʵѿ֪ط˼ΪƸһλŮΪޣƸ
ϧԼԼ£ֻ֪ܵط˰ȥ
˱ׯ󣬻֪࣬ط˯Ķׯ⣬ܵׯСˮ
֪ط˵֪󣬵û֣ǽҪȥӱ棬ôˮͬȥ
֪ط˵ͬȥɿˡ
˸߲Һ˵˴¡
һȴϲЦտˣǿԸѧˮҿ˵ȥɽׯˮͣˣȴʮСҴ棬ССʱĶѧˮ
һҲĶֵǣ᲻ѧ᣿
￴ʱŮѧˮʱվͻˣµֻҪӴЩѧͻˡ
ˣѧ
ӵ֪ѧˮȴӦУæȥ֪طˡ
֪طϣԼǵŮʱλع񣬵ѧѧգֻһѾͷȥںӱΧΧסԷƼ
Ӧˡ
ϵͳӾСƵڴϻˮѧӾȽϿ죬ѧˡ
ѧЩʮѧᡣ
ѧˮѧ˾һĵòˡ
˳ģŮѰӣõͷվʯм䣬ȥ㡣
ڰ߳ЦýĶõѾˡ
ЦЦŰգ
ˮ£ӰˣӰȻȥһȻ浽㣬ɾ㡰Цƣ
ˣܲ浽Ҳԡ
վʯȥ㣬˼ȴûš
Ҫ㣬ҪӰεÿ죬Ӱȥʱպε£һˡ
Ȼ浽㣬ɴϲ㶮࣬Ҳ֪Ķѧ뷨ƫá
˲˺ü㣬ںӱˣ׼ԡ
ȴûлʯû㡣
ֻա
ڶ䣬һﵽСӱߣѰһЩ֦ѷţٴӻóһСӣתӶ⣬۽ڿϣһϵͳһԽŮģⷨӵУ
ϵͳɲУ֪ˡ
оľӽ֣Щš
ϵͳЩ
ϵͳĻһأʲô
ȶžӣһͼкɫһšžһȼһʱŵòӵӡ
˻֡
˸ϹʱѲһ㣬ڻϿЦûſ㣬ļƬ̵ȲãԼˡ
æѿõݸ񣬡ȸ㳢
ȻƽϣֻЦôͬɩӼƽأ
һ⻰ȴһͻȻɩӣʲô˼أ
Ī֪ط͸ʲôڷ
֪طȷʵ뷨
ھԺ飬е֪ĵʦʶ˵ãû׼ܿоˣʱкǰ;ȢһСС޼ʶŮΪأ
ǵﵽе˽ΪΪˣҪǲߣԵ顣
һǹ˸Ҳá
һ֮ƣͲ֪ռԸԸ⡣
գ֪طŷسʱ㺰̫̫ȥ˵
̫̫ϣЩΪѵֻռҲԸ
֪ط˵ȥ̽̽ڷ磬ԸԲǿ
ֻ̫̫Ӧ£ڶգռңհŲ˵֪ط˵˼
հźһɫˡ
ʲôƸ֪شӷҵ檣
ȳҼֲǳԲϷ̣ԼŮ
հҲȲˣڵ檣
̫̫ЩΣӲͷƤȰ˵֪֪ؼҴȢңֵģֻһλδ޶һиģǽһٵУ˼£Ǳȼ޸ͨǿʱЯ׵ܵܡ
ϳý̫̫֪ǼңŮ檵ģת֪طһȥ
䣬ռؼңô£Ҳ֪ؼ̫
ڶգռϲ׼ȥȴˣסȰԴ𣬾֪ؼңʮָմˮһС㣬شˣ˭ȢӻǵѽǵԼǷ֪ؼҴӡû׼ԼԸء
̫̫Ȱ˵ģǹĶ֮࣬Ȱ˵
յŮ檣ֻԼȥҼҲԸ⡣
ЩûȤֹֻˡ
ҲȰֵЩסҼңҴΪΣ㾡֪ġִɩǲƲü£Ҳ֪ġӦףƼ£Ҫʲôܵã磬ЩĶ㣿ʱֻҪԾͷ
ﳤ̾˿ѷֵЩѧѧһЩûѧΪ֮Ǹˡ
ͻȻЦһ㽫ɱڡ
Щ˸УЩͷͬͬ˽㣬û뵽ԼãԼˡ
Ȱ˵ɣ˦ţֻͷ㣬úѰ˼֪ؼҵµ
ѿڵֻ֪ҽñ
񣺳˵أ


13 .     
ռз߿֪ؼңȥ֪غ֪طߵͷ밲лôĽ̵һٱʾԼСС䲻ϴӣ֪غ֪ط֡
˼ҲԸŮ檣¶Ȼǿֻ֪˵䣬¶ˣֻ֪ط˽Ӵռˡ
֪طȴǲ죬Щ꣬ǰﵱŮһá֪ʶ񡱣Ҫװ׷ˣ
׻Ȱһ¶ǻֻкôûлβٿǿǣ
϶̫̫ͺϸ˵Ӳ֪ط˵ǲңִֻţǵȿͷСģ̴ӣֻײˣʱ
ռҲСӾͲˡ
֪طһɫһЦһһӵգ
ܿ
һֻСڣ֪طߵͷǱֵ׼ڹ밲
֪طһɫͷȥգദһҲϣһ컯ģպܹϺӡ
Ǳ֪طˣռϳ֪ؼңվڴͷ˳ЩпЩ굱ǱͬСúùö࣬ΣҪм֪һҵġ
ǰ֪ؼҵռÿܵӣ¶ɷˣټհ̸䣬ʱҫ֮ô˼ޡ
֪ؼһصⲻ˻˵һЩл
˵Ϊ޽ңΪˣûϵֻصУûзơ
˵ҰһСģũɣְ˸ϻ£Ǻ
лȥֱҥԣ˵Ϊʶ֣ĸ֪ؼҵĹҲƲϣҪ޴ٶ
һ¹޴ٶ˭մǣ
󣬴˶Լܸ˭ýܸýҿܼ޸ʲô˼ҡ
ÿȥӱϴʱһЩлϰΪ
հʹˣɲũҲЩӲͷƤһЩƣŬḺ
ÿҪϴ¡ɨףֲ˵ȣգȥɹӣʱ˱㱻ɹֺݣյİ׾
ʮˣ˸µͣƫûףɳհźϡ
հŵΣȥ̽ϵĿڷ磬뿴һ벻Ȣ
Цǵ֪ؼأȻˡ
հһû
ҲʱΣż̫̫˵Ļ¡
ֱ̫̫ӣ̾˵ѽ֪ؼҴӵϱǲ˴׵ù֪ؼҵĶ飬ȥһ²ˣô
ûգѹ⵱ȥˣõ檣˵ǵҡ
Ӳ̾˿û˵
У̫̫Ļ˵հհŰκʮˣ߲ɵͲͣٵȥֻ¸ѡ
ռ˵˴£ռȴɡ
˵£־Ҳ˵ٵˡ
ռʶ֣ϻֻۣʱ˲ãŵˣҹЩʱۡ
ﵹûзԼĻ£ʱϵͳھʮţʱʱ̾ˣ죬Щ£Ҳ̫ˡ
ⱾŮԽŴˮ֯츣ȵڣ֮
ϵͳҲˣжʱԵŮ䵷ҼŮõڣרעжŮ츣ؼ
װףصƺƫˡ
ϵͳѰ˼һأûѣרעؼҲǺ¡
жꡰؼĵãȴ֮ء
ҲˮǱǮͲϲɵã˵ˮ£ˡ
֯һ֯ĸٴУֻա
峤ϱ˵һݻ峤ϱƳһۣ˵úøɻϹ롣
Щư
ת۹꣬ʮˡ
ռ˵ˡ
հźϸ˻ˣ˾ûϾŭˡ
Ǹһλʮ˵ס
½˵ףԲˡ
ǣռҡ
շ֣촽¿棿
ڴϣһݣ˵һ仰Ҫһ
ū֪ʱ޶࣬ˣֻҪ
ǻӰҡҡūۼ⴦һź룬ֻʵѣûϸʱ½ֻ򲼣ûлѣصУϴԡʱŷ⴦ûк롭
ʱŽ֮ģŻǿҲδ·𷣣һһ˵
ɴʮ꣬ūϸƤ⣬ʮֽģˣǼλ帾ϡ
ǵλ޶ϴԡʱˡ
շ˵ڻ۱˼˲ȥʲôģ˵ԲţĽϵŮ
ֵţֻȥʯȪϣǼҵĽǼҽ⴦һź룬ģϣˣǱ㡭
շһʲôʮ꣬˼ңޣӵ¡
δ游ǹ飬˼ң˵ŮǱģҪ
շ˵״һжūĴūʱ䲡ţʱʱμܿ࣬ǰ˵ūҲòġ
˲շҲ𱸣̾úԻȥʯȪһơ
ɿ۾
ûˡ
ڶգշ˷¸֪
һŮˣҲǴ𾪡
һᲽ֮ǰ˵Ųڲ˵ģΣǵøȥʯȪһƣǼҵĽȷʵǵŮýӻ
շ˺ۿô죿ְôôðȥܼңܼһô룿
ֵʮˣܹҪˣ˼ҺúЩ͵Ůѳޡ
շһ԰ҲǣָԸҪŮҪأ
ţͻȻһʮˣ᲻Ѽˣ
ҲһøϽȥһʯȪٵ顣
꣬շ˴˻ؽϣһңŷԼ˼Уʱϲֺ£дŸ˵ˣڽϴ޶ٻؾ
̫̫ͻȻշ˻ؾ˵ˣϱڸǰ񻰡
շ˱Σֻûؾ·ϵˣ۱±¸ʣռ˲š
Щ£շԹĸġĸٰ״Լ·ϳԾͷֺڱ޶
˰죬ȥ̫̫˵˴¡
̫̫һĨôǺۣܼҪ֪ۼģŻ𣿻УµĽȻϻܸһˣһģȥҪЦġ
εĸףûˣ˼Ҳ⣬úأ
շ˰ĵ׶ĸĲӿڵܵȽӻûŮܿ
̫̫Եܼͷ
ܼҴ壬һ£ʱŮɵѡһǡ
ʯȪ塣
ۿһֱ˵ף˵ˣϵǺ˼ңʶ֣Ҳɵû˼Ϊʲôף
һ⻰һææݸϵָһǰɣ
ҿ϶ߵ֪ؼʲô˰ҵΪӶ˶ȥȻŷһЩ˼Ҳ˵ףҲ͵ϸţȥô
ϱɫ૵ԭˡҲңҪһӰ
ϵҿҲۣ֪ؼҴӵϱۿǲˣǾȥһôˣ޸֪ؼҴӵңȼЩ˼ǿٱҪԸ⣬ҿɰȸ̫̫˵һ̫̫æ
ԥ䣬ռհ˺þá
ϼԥȥ̫̫ͨ
̫̫ȥ֪طˣЦռҾȱһ̨ף˽ӣ棬ҲʹӦˡ
֪طŴϱҪ˸ǰһϲұȥռҽֻ˵ˣһˣ£Ҳ˳ˡ
պ֪ط˵ռǰһ³ˡ
ռǰͣ


14 .  ˷   
շһˡ
ǰŮžѣֺݣϡǿóüФʱ
鿴룬һǶ϶ŮŮ
ڿշʱ˲ҲϵͳĻ
ǰüۣⴽ̫Ϥ
ԼФƣŮʲô
ǰϵͳ˵һĸһֱŰɣ鲻ܷ
ǽ졭
ռȴˣǰ¡
Щ꣬շ˵ģûд䣬հźһ۾ϳǵͬڻ۱λˡ
Ǹշ֣̬ͬ˲٣Ҳһϳǵڹλܸӡ
Ըռ걧ŮӤľ
ռڿշģʱʵ˼ֵ֣˵ӦһźƣҲˡ
뵽ôŮǱ˼ҵģҲ
ʱͳӸϣȰд˵һ䣬£ܹһ㣬Ҳ˵ףү˻ؾܹϺӣ˵һźס˺ùޣԻ̽ǣҲЯһ֮Ǻأ
ǿֹᣬʵԼŮأ
ֱܵý̫̫֪˵Žؾ̫̫үһƽȤʮֻϲз񣬼˶Щ꾫Ľų󣬰ûԹ
һ££֪ҲûͬǷ˵˼ǣҲ˻ͣͬ⣬Ƿ˾ھΪ˵һף˺˼ңʱһЯǡ
ϵͷѰ˼˵źû£Ů磬һ˵ףշ˰˵ףʱЯͬҲһ취
հźռһᣬǺܿعүշ˵棬ýֺͷ룬Ҳ֪Ǿи˼ңǣк÷ǰ;˵ԸĸҲزĸ¶͡
շֹᣬʵʲôأ
ۿģ׸
շ˺һƴֲڣһƣָȫϼ룬ļջ𣬳ڵǰ㵱¿ʹ֡
æ͵±ˣͣͣŮ٣ֻҪܶҪɻҼһĹﶼġ
շȻɫֽŵҲʱ֣ҲûͼƸ⽫Ҽˡ
շ䣬˻ָ֣úӣܿˣʰʰǸǽͻؾ
֣ҡͷһǲܵúúõ𣬰һ¡
շЭߣ
ͷռϣеε߰գ
շӣúӣ㲻ǣݣȻ㡣
µطСռſͣ˼£紫ˡ
Χ˿ֵھǡ
ռԺӲ󣬿ҲСһ˿ȥһ۾Ϳүշˡ
ѽ˵ĻûУǼҹ˵޶걧˵ġ
ûءֵڲͬԭǹ˼ҵް
˵λүְ׾֪үҪǾǹˡ
۾ֻүûƼλˣǿϷϷﳣ˵ʲô˷緶ҴǰɶǷ緶һλˣϾʲôз緶ˡ
㶮ö࣡緶ˡ
˵һµģؾǺ󣬻ЯռҰɣռҿҪˡ
ףǹ˼ҵ޶֪ؼҲ䲻ˣ
˵ţŷ֣ͬű߿ֵߡ
Ӽռ׵ĳ棬ºֹԭǹ˼ҵ޶ҪǱ֪֪طﵱ檣ʲô
֪طкȲ裬ƶúܣˣһš
Ѱ˼ýŲһƣֻһ˽΢ŭôԸƲҪԷƣ
ææи񣬰ֵˣԸռųˡ
ææһƼȫ˵ˡ
֪طȻΪȻǶԷųʱűɫʵ䣬͸ڷ磬˵˹ְ֮ģ
ӵû͸¶ְūλүлŭйְģȻô硣
֪طЩĽˣԷǾ٣ܹٶʲôƷѹ֪عְͷϵİ
񣬷ԸӵȥһʯȪ壬һԷ򸾵Ǻ·
֪طռҷ򸾵·ʯȪҲŷӴ
ռԺСûиȥڳͷϺš
ϵһˮװʵǹүɣǾдٶգ
´帾ţһЩƮƮȻѿڵҼү󡣡
ϣʲôģȻǺܴĹٶ
عͷϱѡһϢѣ˵ˣ׵Ǿдٶ
ۣǾ̾ⱲҼžдٶֵأþˡ
ܿģռ峤Ҳռң˵ռҵطСдˣβƼңд÷ҲɰЪҡ
ռҲѹԼҵطСȷʵдˣѯүշ˵
ϷȻͬ⡣
ϷƼȥ峤ʱŵÿպռ˵
ܣҿֵ㵽˾У򲻿ˣƢҪúû˵꣬ˡ
æ̧ӸᣬԺǵģֻȥ֪ؼҵˡ
־ҲΧǰһһסһ㣬һ˵ʲô
ǵͷҲˣ¶Ϊ룬ҵƤ
հȥ˷Уžժ¶ðƴĲסˣѶеҲûʲô¿ɸ㣬Զ游ҵģ͸գ
ۿЩɬæѶóסհŵţ游ƸҿɲҪҪ˻һֱĶµġ˵ŰհŴ϶
հҲᣬæֵʹˣӾҳĻֻҪһʱ䣬ԺÿնҶǣɱˡ
ռҲԱߵʶ֣Ҳ֪࣬ؼҳ˼ʶþǣԲԿ˵ˣүշ۰أһжõģǸ˵£ÿޡ
֪ؼңһ֪ط˻ﵱ
ѴӺ֪׵Ǿдٶ¡
Գ٣ӻң¶֪طˡ
֪طɫ䣬˺һżѵȥһ˽ң¶ÿգһˡ֮ǰã棬ԿԹ飬Ĩȥһв֮¡
ȴѵˣ˸ھԺ飬ڻ˵Цûݡ
֪طһ۾һӴôˣ
Ϊ˸ģ˸Źĸھǣ䣿


15 .  ˽   ¶Ǽѵ
շ˼һҹߡ
ռ峤óݸǰЪҲµģû޹㣬֮ɢһѹӵζǺǡ
⣬շֻҪһŮЩܵĿֵ࣬ϼ룬ͽʹ
ԼѾͷҲñ󰡣
ֺݵģģ˾ǣٸɾֻ²ף˵Ҫߺú꣬ѰʮˣҲͱ˶ʮʲô˼Ұ
ӷȥȰŮЩҲûˣͰ˯ա
շ̾ʮˣҾĻ¡
ҲôˣãһλŮǡ
շ˲
ѰһλŮǶȻֻһҾһģҪʦЯġ
ŮܼңŮȴ
˯ţһշ˱ˣһʱֺӽݣȥռ
æֹˣռһǺúž죬Ҫȥţ˾дʱദ
շ̲ģԸӵȥռһˣǱʲôҪɣȰŸˣɱֽɻ
Ӧȥ
ӵռʱȴռҼˣھӰŸɻ֡
հźһȰھǣ˵ͶǣȫߣӸռҵĵزøɸɾҲˡ
ռˣһʱ
ϳŻᣬס˵С㵽˾Ǻ󣬿ɱǡ
ǿҳģԲͷźͰԺҪǿЩ
ææӦУͷĺˣԻʱʱһ£Ҳöϱ
԰ŰһһЩͨ񣬵ܵδȢףò£ҪӦһµġ
磬ھҪȥɢˡ
һţҪݣ죬ȥһƣǷˡ
һһžһʱûôڳݳɲ㡣
Ҳ񣬼֮ǰԷһЩɫЦ㵹Ǳ֮ǰÿ
ֵû뵽㾹ǾأҸ˵£ææˣһߣټڡ
æңʵù緹ˣ
·ͣ˳ùˡ˵ֽӰѳϵý
ϵ˼Ƿ񣬵˼䣬ֵˣαشһʱ
ûкȲ裬ֻЦм仰Ҫ˽º˵أ
ϱֻȥ˵
˷ﲢ£Ц˸ΪĸǾǸ˼ңʸ֦лҪ㡣
ͷֻ˵
һµҼ˺żҲҪСӣһЩΪ֪Ŀ뼰ǰһ飬ǵʱ⡣
ҲЩ̾
˻һʱ⣬һǻصǰһЩ
֣øҳ꣬ҲˣһЩø㡣
һ£ʮþǣ϶Ҫἰ£³˵ᱻǵĹŮżͳЦ׸߲ɵͲͣһ飬õĻ䣬ʱ׵ģʲô˿֪
˵ţ֣޴ˣһӾͻˡ
һתþǣǻ²ؿһҶ硣ǰңҶҲ˵Ц÷һ𳤴ġ
﷽ӦΪ˵ף
ֵĸףһֱ磬ֻŶ˾˲ʽᡣ
ĻĸѵҸ統檣
һЦᡣ
ǲ
ҡҡ֣ǽҹЩգһҵĻǲеҶˣΪǲҲȥʱѰźѡʱǲǿԿһ
ﺬЦþǣһȻиĸ˵ĻҲһġ
ϵͳжһٱţģµǧصǺżڣǳƫǧǶӲҪͼעȵȣǱ³
ģԼһ÷û׼ܹӣ֡
ڴǰҪе
Сʱ򲻶£̫ࡣ
ʵֻҪվӣͻ˼ѡ
ƺ⶯ɿҳŸע£ӻͳһֻɰе˽ܵһ˽šҪѹ㣬¾вˣ㴩˷Цˡ
ûƾܣ˷˽ֵǴСһ𳤴Щһ飬ʲô˵ʲôЩҲ
ºɰ֪ۣ䣬ۿͻȻˣһԴ˺ҪĸСӷʹǰĹҲˣ꣬ûѣҲû˵ĸ㵽þǣǵøдţҪС֪Ҳоѵġ
ﲻʧЦӦдš
ԼҲЩ˼͵Сһۣǰ걻ĸӵУʱţÿյţͰҫ˵ʲôʲôΣʽ
˵Сӵлס
ȴֱЦ
߷Ϊ徲һˣûתͷ̫̫ˡ
̫̫һҲм仰Ҫ˽˵һ˵
Σֻӭ̫̫˵
̫̫ɫأôĽ飬ҼΣ㾡֪ġ
ĸлֻ˵
ֱ̫̫˵ˡģȪСʱ⣬Щȥĳԡ
ֱӳ
̫̫ʮˣþǣҪ̸ۼޣʱִ̫²ˣֲֻϡ
Ը⣬ҼҵʱȥΣ
һϵþǣһĸҶĸġ
̫̫֣úӣ֪㲻˼ԼȴӦֻͷ¶ҡ
һֵĸĲԼ£ֻû˵æվ𣬹˲̫̫Ҫ˵ʲôԼȿ粽˷š
̫̫ȥհźֹ˼䣬ˡ
ͷƫһֻӣ㣬װͷȥСӱ߲Զķϰݼ
㣬ڷǰһ˵Լ£ֵ㵱ΪʱڷģԼ󳾣׶Ӷġ
ȥŮһģò⡭
㱣һóЩ
ôһʱ̣֪ط˺̫̫ԾдŸеĶӣǵʱ취ӽģϾǴٶĳƽơ


16 .  ٶ   ﳣֵھҪˡ
ϣշ˵װ಻סǺȥ˵
峤լӸռԶܿˡ
շˣиһʱ̫裬ĬȻˡ
շҲ⣬£ʵø˿ȫˣ
ٸŰȥһ˾˼ң˾˾ĸһҲͲˡ
շʵϵֵЩΪշռңͷֻϻŵǰҪݣԵôȥ
ҿϻӣָ￴һϻͨʽλ˼ǶӦҲˣԸĸŸŮױáϻأλʽЩҲЩǾʱµˣٸ鼸ҲˣĸףӵƸãŮױ
̧ͷ˿շˣ£շ˷ɫ׾ŻԵø߹˷־йûˡ
ᣬСС򣬾йڴ˽ӦԷ棬Ȼһס
շƥʲôģ;ĸȻҽܣ˵λӵƸŮױ㲻þܾˡ
һҲʮҪĶʱóʮ֮档
˵Ҳᱻ˵̰Ǯơ
ûƾܣվϺ;ĸл
շ˰֣úӣݣܡ
һ룬ȥ˲裬ݸշ˵
շϽˣС뱭Ÿ£һʱݵպʹֲڵ˫֣Щܡ
ʵɹڣһңƽûвЩɹ˪ô
ﲻʧЦ˸ũһһ˭ȥʲôɹ˪ˣҲʹ⴦ҪӦųʳȵطȡ
շһˣһ˵ĹңвӦ㱣Щź˵ô
շ˶ռæźͰڼЪţҪŸũסϾˣڼгзйȥ
շҡҡͷֺӹһƿѩеǵͿһ飬ҲҪͿ˾ѰЩõĸãһңͷֲڡ
Щʧ񡣡
˵ţүˣ
æվиһԡ
һ˲ؾ˵
ˣĴһţԼò
շ˲ЩΪ˻ԾգЦʵ㰢Ǿô
һЦǺܿ
ɡЦ
շ˸Цֵ㰢յ̽ɣνʱһֵĹҡ
һŶˣⲻǸϷﳪ̽νһô
ѿշ˵ʱǲϷﳪվڸ¥ϣ׸ϣȻͰؼҵ
ӣүշЦˡ
շЦµϷĵ֣Ϲ̫ˡ
ʵлҪһʵϵ֣
£ȴ£ʥĳʫţǹŮҲʶֻʫΪ٣ﲻʶ֣þУǺѽѡ
𣬱Űʶ֣ͨӼţԻд
һ˿ռ˼ңϽŮ֣ȷǺˡ
˵䣬ۿɫˣϵģǡ
շȥ
һߣһòЩʮ꣬ûӣоֹ󷽣㲻ˡ
շ˵ͷұҲģ̣̿ӲãȴŤתġ
ϾҵѪֻҪúý̵ܸ
˵շշЩˣϻۣ˼أ֪Լֳ֪ʲô
ȥˣٿǡ
صռңֻϻӵݸϣҰշ˵Ļˡ
һһϻλȻûϾܾǺռհһ»ǲա
հҲЩԥԷȻҪ˵ױô
ռշЩ飬°գһЩزҲһ⡣
հźһͷҲǡ
ڶգϴﵽ˾˼ңϻӸĸ˵һ
ĸȻϲ£ָ̾һãΪ޲ˣǵĸĸˣԺȻк÷ơ
ھ˼Ҵ˰죬Ҳ¼л£ˡ
üУȻһ֣ȴռλˡ
Ƿ׷ѯĸ£ֵǰôͻȻ˵ĸҪߣܹġɱϷӣ˺ˡ
ռЦ򸾵ͷԼ۱֮£˵üۺշǰü١
һλѵȻܵñϼŹְ
ռһͷӴԷԱȴûἰģԼҲûʡ
Գ٣շһ̹ռ
ռִ̣˵Ժѧʿ
һԺ֣˲侪ˣǴٶϷʱϷﳣֺԺٶʵ鳼һ˵־١
ǽӹ̣ഫſһȦܶȫ֣ð̰ⱲӾܽӴĴٶ
˵ǱϾʮ꣬Ժ˹ٷˣܻǣҲкӹˡ
Ҳ˵Ůպϥ£һò˫ȫףҲ֮
˵ţϴһæþǺ󣬿ɱʮ֮
ЦһЦԲ˵æϽ
һһ໰˵
ڶһ磬ſţͼ⣬Ц׼һУֻȽˣܳС
ֹȥת棬źˡ
ȥүշˡ
Գ٣үշһռǰֻš
ٱڼհź϶Ʋסᣬһٶģʮ꣬뵽һȥ֪βģ
ﰲοְοǸһٳŵǣתͷȥ־ǶЩЩļ
ռƽһ仰˾в˳ҪֻܻǷ䣬һֱš
ﱾƽһռ仰䲻ģˣԼææˣӦһ⴦мҵġ
ٽ㵽þǣҸһֻҪúãǱˡ
ͷá
շãﻹû㿴һۡ
ֻ⣬æȥʱˣٸ·͵վЪŴ
ᣬᱧ˱հţȥϣźĿš
鵽ˣæ
ʻʱҿ׷ںռ˻˻֣³ˡ
շ˸ͬһݸһӣ˲ԶԺлܻ̫ġ
ͷƽЩ𾩳ǵ¡
˴ڣ֪ռҵļͥṹ
̫̫һŮŮƽ֮ӣƷΪԺѧʿСƷ٣˲¡
շҽϣֳǽ֯ʹһ
շ˼ռҺһŮŮշɰףСշӢ
շἰշʱһСʱ岻ã̫̫ЩЩ֪ԼҪ£㵽üС
ﾫһˣˣﳣֵˣ


17 .  ջѾͷ   ֪ܷ
һٱǧǧĸ½ŮʱҪŮŮڣ־ʮΡ
ֵƵʵڹߣ̲סϵͳص۹ڡ
۹ܽһЩҪ㡣
һĸΪŮʮ꣬ͻȻ֪ƶ˵£ʹʱҪǻšŮ¹˲ӣȱʳģͻȻþУͷϱڱеóˣӦò̫⡣
ʮʱ䣬Ů˼;עУݲ顱ԸᣬĿŮܿࡣŮڱϥʮ꣬ײŮ׽
Ů֪ʶɫõó֣ŮһѾͷģжͲˡ
֮أŮǼСŮܲίŮһѾͷͻȻϺӣЩû⡣
Һˣ
۾շ°ػ
ȻշֳΪѵ飬üУ̬Ȳף㣬㲻ҪƽϺ𣿡
Ŷշ˸ĸ˵Ļһģһ
·þУŮһһǸֱŮ΢ѾͷֳŮĸ߹ݲݼˣաһ֣ǲģָŮҪͷأԼĶڼʶȴֳЦ󱯲
ͷһ̧ͷշ˵ˣҪңûҺܲƽ
շ˱˺һ㶣˲ЩģӲϥµģ׻衣
úĸס
ĸסẰһ
շиһůס֪ԼģܹҪʧ⣬УʱЩģⲻƤռƣ㲻Ҫƽϡ
ûأľƫûˣ֮󣬻֪Ρ
̾һһ⣬ۿЩʪˣŵĸûһѾͷͻȻþУʲôҲܵżúʲôίͲƽҵʱսսģֻᱻ۸ķݣĻҸƽϰµþУòѣ裬ǶΪѣڴõĸ׵İοŵ˵úûңûĸ׵İοֻĸҪ
˵˳һʱȥȴԽԽֻ࣬ʵһѾͷէȻǸеˣҲδظ߿ңأֻĸܻңҺùЩ
շ˼ˣɴΪϧæӸᣬοĸ׻Ụģҷġ
Ϊ⺢³󣬳Եÿ࣬Ĵ󣬵þеóеôͲƽû뵽Ҳһж˼ġ
ЩΪˣӶ
޵ĸҵĻҾͲϾˣǻȥ
շһææĸϵ⣬ôأþУһĸףί
棿̧ۣ³ģ±ҪôȡЦңŪң۸ңĸ׻Ϊ
շ̾ŮҵȻΪ
ᣬһȻЧ
ˣڴ˯շСסĵͷһ߸˸ФԼüۣ뼰ոյĿߣһʱϧ
⺢³ʮ࣬ϻȷʵҲûί

⣬ֱҲ⣬ܹҪǽúദ
ʱ֣վӷշ˺վ
Ǻܿˮշ˺ﾻ׼ȥҪʳ
˰ŻһֽţԸ¸ȥ¡
շûֹЦȥɷһҲá
ˣշŸἰ˵Ļ̾û뵽⺢Ҳһ˼ǵģɲðˡ
£ѶºǣҲһˮƽ
շ˳һµҾ
ӵʱȴϸ۲һΧĻ
кüǧĸϾ;УһЩ¼ЩⶼʾѾͷĴ³֪еѾͷӰ֮ġ
ѾͷĸϾ᲻ҲĳЩ¶أ
һ㣬һߴǰãһ۹۰·ķ
վǰ¹ʸ߷ء
³һŲͣȴƳ⡣
һƳԴﲻɡۡһ졣
ֻһӰӥȮ˽ֻһ˲͵ǰ
Ҳ룬ĸԷϣһһųʣһͱؿڡ
ϱһ£ԻĵһӣһѰѰն룬һӣƽ
һͷƤէʱԹذʳǰȥһɣһܹԷĵ
ʱ˵ľ
ûŷӦʲȫˡ
˲ŷУͼ֪ʱֽһῡ佫Ǻͺ˲һֻһᣬƷ˺ˣõڶԷϡ
˲䣬ֽģˣ佫ס˺ˣӡ
շ춯ܳʱǰһƬǽ壬̱ڵ£Աֲ̱Ů
շǾгæǰȥģǿڵû¶
շԲģϸһۣɿ
ȴϳ佫һβν
μľҲһմˣôڴˣ
˵ǰ
μľָָµĺ˵׷ӷ㱻ˡʲܽվסһŮʣջѾͷðʵһһʱ䡣
˵仰ʱָָ
ջѾͷ
μľ˵ţշʵҵˣ
ͷǡ
μľ㹰֣ҪҹѺӷϾպøҵл˵ŻѺź˳ţҪߣͻȻֶٲջѾͷı֪ܷͣ
˵ţƳһ٣ջѾͷˣߣԲ㵱ջѾͷٲðһĲ¡
շҲˡ
ȷӦҼСŮһֱ£Щ
μľһʱˣһ죬ֵˡˡͻˣ
æ֪߲
μľֹ֣һ㳷ˡ
շ˶μľıȴ뷨
μľǾҪǺӷˣװ
δˣ±һʮ껹δ顣
յôһ¶˵ԵŮأ
ȴЩƣ໣ջѾͷˡ


18 .  ò˫ȫ   ֥
Уշֱۣٴʵʲûţǰʶնˣʵա»¶ɲʲôʣøϽܡ
ЦƤڣһ²˵ġ
շǹңƤ̫ڿûҪ
˵ţԲģ׺ӽȥдһ
ȥһᣬûд򣬵˵˴裬Ҫһ
շ˵һգ
Գ٣շ˼ල£˶衣
ţϴϣȥЪշ˽﷿Уû˯ʵʲôأ
ֱ°Ŵڴȭ
һϸŮÿմ˶νݣ񻣬ĳʵơо棬ϵͳԼܲϵͳ˵û⣬֮ÿգһΰ˶ν
ոձǲٴȭν֮ˣֵ˶뿪Σֻõֵ˰˶ν
շȭ꾲ЩȭҪá
ﷴƽشȭܲᱻ׽ס
շҡҡͷۼﴩѾͷѣվǶһʱμľΪջѾͷ˲ˡ
ԼѶǴֲԲٴֻѰźѣѾߵϣټֺݵģէȻһƣɲһջѾͷô
շ£ɸֵһҰôͷԼɹôڣڳûһؿɰײȵȣǰ׹𣿻˵һֱڡ
ﲻɸĸףСʱװ׾ģ˼˿أ֮ǰ֪ؼҵҲأֻ⼸ҪŸũɹúЩʱŲñνͷ̫ͣɹıڡ
շӸ˴£֪ﵱ֪عҵΣʣ±ϸ
һһϸ˵ˣֻȥ֪طҵһΡ
շʵʮ֪꣬ؼеŷһѧʶ֣һѧ壬ɿѧò֪ؼҹҲ̫ࡣ
ʲôʵȻ֪ؼÿռӣյӪģռҲ̫ѣô˸ũǵȥɣ⻹ǿô
æ͵ҲҸɣԼڼгзҪȥɵġ֮ǰ֪ؼһѧͬͬǼʶһЩ֪ĶȴЩһ£ŰʹǸũ̫࣬룬ΪƾԼ֪跨Ǽᡭ
һ£Ҫ跨ᣬԼ֣ɹһũ֪ЩܼЩãЩҪȡֻ⼸ũǸɹˣȴûиʲôֻԼɹջѾͷ
ʵ￴ŮʩչؼϸжЩĵãҲЧ΢ᣬӣټӻޣһҲûʩչ
ЩŮһӦ⻷չ֣ڣûЧ
Ų
շЩȴֺֺЦһͷ㰡㰡ССͣǹʲô칤츣񡣡
ЦЩ¶Ǹְλ˲ȷ㸸ףְ£佫Ͳġβξһ£ĹҲġ׸һ㸸׺βξҪӡ
ȻԣҵȸԼԼվϸλñӡ
շͷȰԼףۡ
Щɫ˪ѩջѾͷʱվһ𡭡
ʱշڷѯʴѾ꣬ɴʲôˣ
ֿڽʲôҲ˵̸һ仰˵үͷ˳ˡ
շɫأ׺ĸͻȻ˫˫ȻǷʲôˡ
ڽĸŽΪǰʲôҲûнͻȻͳĪ¸йأ
շһЩĽˡ
ܽ궨꣬ҲΣԷһֱܸоʲôûס
»м¾ҪˣĪǡ
շ˼һ£ææȥ̫̫
ĸ׳£ܹҪĸİա
ʱڣ̫̫أΪԼʱ޶࣬㼱ѻеĶϱؾϱʱһŮ˵ǰ;µģ̫̫ƼŮɴЦǰܼŮҲǸ
ôһЦһͻȻȳһŨ̵ٴأˬࡣ
ôˣ̫̫ȳ̵ɴϲˣˣȳ̵ܰޣٷҩơ
̫̫Ȼ˯㣬ڶվ࣬£
̫̫һãѹȫŮϣ˵շһǣһռĲͺˡ
˺̫̫ʮֳ谮շճշɰ׳Ҳûȥշݳ谮
շֻҪ̫̫ǰһԸ
£շ񵽵̫̫ǰʺһǰڣ׺ĸ׵׸ʲôȥˣȥ˼죬ûһϢأ
̫̫Դ֪շŮʮ־ᣬɻһ룬ݲҲǼǣô꣬òԸɫû¾Ͳˡ
̫̫ţиϧշ񣬰⺢Ӻǿһ֪Լģ֪Ҫĳʲô
շѯʣ֪ʲô¡ֻһüסʲô£ܹĸĸΣҲռҵĽŮȡ㡣
շ⻰һŲĸоҡֵ̫̫ڣǲҵĻб䣿ֻܸʵܵס
̫̫סշֲֵܼɵ²бġ
շַ˻ȥ˵̫̫ϵھ͸ʵ
̫̫һշֻܰױȥһд˲ء
˵ţշ׷ʣ㺰ӵ͹ط
շΣֻøǡ
صУշ񲻶˵ף̫ۣ̫ܽ㣬һδţһղܰġ
ܽ游ǹ飬ĸǰ
ǳɣĸҴ֮Ů
ܽ걾ˣ֥Ǿгӣʮ˽ʿǰյ̽ò˫ȫ
ܽ꣬շһۣһꡣ
дδ۽Ľܽδġ
Ѿܽ꣬Ҳ˻
Ƕ˰һֺη
շ²ܽû
ٺ룬Ů£Ǹĸ֮ܽ겻Ҳôӡ
ĥһ̡
շһҹշת࣬ڶձûʲô磬һߣӣү̫̫ˣʲŴһѾͷȥ̫̫ӻû


19 .  ӽ   ˼
ʱӳ˼ۣһʱ̾ѽǸݵһر𷱻
ʯ壬ʻȥʱرƽȣЩأһˮĽֵߵûš
ԶŵŮЩųѣЦݣװ׾ʣС޶˶Цġ
ԭӽ£ˣӵġ
ʯȪĴǣһ굽ͷɹڣ˫ֲִڣ϶ǳݣҲʹ峤ңڴӲŻᴩϺѣͨ񣬹Żỻһ״ֲѣڳôû˴
հźϣ΢΢ᣬźͰһͣûأ
³˶־Լھס㣬ݺ͵λܰﰢźͰһѣǹϺӡ
ЩЩŮһ÷ˮһӦǲǻЯʯȪĴһѣǲôͣʱܳ⴩£мʱ
⼸ũ֪ũͼģҲ֪ÿճΣܷһӡ
ǿԷ꾰ʱܳԵñ꾰ʱȫᡣ
̫֮ࡣ
շ˼֮󣬵ͷ˵Ϊˣ㰲ǵ˱¶ЩԺˣˡ
̧ͷһЦžЩ·˵״̬֪̫ƽʥ
շ˳һӴǣϾʿ
ҲЦˣҸʿǣûȥȴȤᱳС
ĸŮ˵Żѵոǰ
æ³
շ˷ԸӰһЯ÷Уæ˴ˮ֣ʰһ£㳯ҵȥݼĸԡ
˵ţ˷ҳһԼʱѣһߵ˸ѣҲһѡ
߸շ˲ֺֻ࣬ݣҲ̫ӣշ˵ѺԵЩҿЩԣģڸУΪշѾͷ
շæ֣ԸһºԺʰһ᷿ס
żȥʰ
ܿģҲʰ׵շ˲ȥ̫̫
̫̫Уշ˱ЯǰԼ˰ֳݼĸ
æӯӯ°ݣߵͷŮĸ밲
գ̫̫֣ơ
ǰ̫̫ϸƣͷĸЩֻ̫Щ
ü۹ȻϱŮˣֻ̫̫ݣǴƶʳġ
̫̫ҡͷֵȻˣѧأʶ֣컯
˵ַԸշˣһָ⣬ѾͷҲЩġ
շ˼̫̫ûΪɿһһӦ¡
ַ̫̫Ը䣬ŰֵǸ·ҲˣһȥԡЪŰգٰھƽӳ
շӦˣЯˡ
̫̫ţշ˿̫̫ǹˣǱȴҪ˵
շһ񣬸˵˵
շ˾Ϊѣ̾һ
飬֪ȴװ֪
շ˷Уˣʰһ᷿ˡ
շ˱㺰ֵһ·Ҳ֪ԸΣԺ㵱Ľ֣¶
ģռŮүΪԻᰲǰ;ԼҲûһӦµ˷ģūԵ
շֺѾͷһգһָǹȥֵһĨڣǻЩú÷̡
պ񹧽Ӧˡ
շַԸ֣ԡ󣬷Ъһᣬ̫̫Ƕţٴȥ
ȥԺʱշŷԸշ
ܿģշˣһĸһѾͷ
շҲֻշߣЦͷһԴʣСʱ岻ãÿؿ֣ĸܳҹ㴲ǰ
ϸշСʱ£ĸװôһֱĸΣȡ
˵ţתסշ֣ظģãȻǸеĴǵĸΡ
շЩЩĸоһ£ɻһֱΪλһã
Щü˵Ȼ˺շ˺ݺĵʱĸ׸ͬڻ۱ﱧ޶ĸ޶
շӡ䡱һ죬ЩӦ૵ˣ
շæշУСʱıĸô󣬲ܷ£㶼ĸ׵ıȡĸеĵλ
̫̫ƽҫշǼʱҲ˳շ˵ڽϸϻؾ۱޶Щϸڡǿշڷǰģòټ
շ˺üأ֪շ˵ڻ۱¶ĻΣŲŵĿʵԣϵ޶
ǡշʵշ񣬼ûп޳Ӳĳ˵Ļһ飬ϸ˵³Ծͷ㵱ģҺúúദô
շڿ˳γϣԼġ
Сۼò۲飬δǱĽţ
ԼȽϹйŮǣȥҵĹܼˡ
ڣĸͻȻģϵŮ
ˡ
ⲻġ
շ˼շУ޵ôֻһ߸౳˳һߵֻǸжһãûб䣬㻹Ǵ
շҡͷҲţҲţĸ͸ĸңôأ
շͳӣշᣬһ㣬ûб䡣
շҡͷͻȻһͷԵϣ˹ȥ
շŻˣæȥ
ԺУȴǷԸӱˮ׼ԡһպ񣬽үŮ³ȴţǲССķ̡
պ죬ʵµ棿أ
ֵһŮһȻŮˣֻСڷϥ£Ȼǰ󡣡
ңСʵһܼŻ»Σ
ֵһۣⲻʵ¡
ͷʡ
ȴܼ̾˼ңȢһŮ
Ů³ģҲϲ̨棬䲻ܼҡ
Ż£ˡ


20 .  ʢ   С
շεҽҩ֣̫̫ȻҲˣ̾ϢһԸߵȥ̽
ȥһˣ˴򣬴˵ģҿҩɳԿɲԣмǶȰȰÿմȥɢɢģ򲻿ڼС
ֵ̫̫Ѿߣո£Ϊӣ̫̫õ֡
̫̫Ͷ꣬ݷǱѰ˽˵ࡣ
Ʒûˣֱ̫̫Ĳˣ˭էȻԼģ¶Խܡ
̫̫ĿڣҲأһǧţģЩĸΣܲ˵һľ롣ԼˣĽѽ⡣
̾ϢһûҷԸȥĽӷϴʡˣѷʳ͵˷о¡
շ뾩⼸գǰѼ̫̫ţշˣҪŮŮҲÿմ£㻹̫̫ݹš
̽ʵأ
νӷϴ磬һȻǽӷ磬ȴҪڼϽݣȫʶһ
ʡˣǣ
̫̫ȥһתЩٰ磬յҲüѣһײΪǼѾͷ
Ӧˣ̫̫һ裬ȥ
ԺУѾߺӼֵʲôֻܷԸǡ
ƣüһһԺҪôʹ˰¼˿ڻҪˡ
ƣһ֣ʹѾߣСѾߣһʹӣһȴӵġ
˸շͬȥ£һ·֪Ը񣬵¼Щɻ󣬱ЦɲҪ˶࣬ʵˣ˵ҪԺˡ
һĵЩǧСʱҲжٷ̵ˣʲôɵȣΪǱµ˿ţһƣʲôŰ˼ʵд
պ̵ģ°̺ôֹһ·Ͼ˰գҪȴȣ
ƳһպѾˣʮָˡ
һԼĴֲС֣ҡͷܾˡ
һʱˮŽϴ䣬պæǰжλͷҺûϴѣַϴ䣬ԡ
ЩߣֵԼͿˣȥ
պ˳Ӧˣתȥ
ϴ䣬Լסķ仹һж࣬һ߷磬ǰ˹¼ܣϴܺϴ裬趹ȣһʱɸ̾ϵͳ֣ԭдĳȫġ
ϵͳд֮ʵ
һϴͷһߵÿţһЩҪȻոŴ˵ȸ˼Ҿҿܻʧ̬¶ӡ
˵ţ֡һ֪ؼסʱΪ֪ؼ㹻ݻˣû뵽
ϵͳռĸ˼ɣʱۡ
ҡҡͷʯȪһճɣ¶𸻹˼һµĻѡ
ϴͷԡϣ׺ѣȥͷûʱ䣬ϴСһᡣ
һҪ𣬱ӰζӣЦˣҪˮǲ裿
ЩڿʣҪ衣
պܿһյУһСѾ߽һ۹ڴߡ
һȵȣյ費ȵģڵģ
ӷ𣬲һˣָЦ
ڣһյ裬Ǻȵġ
ʰϣֽ̫̫˵ҽҲˣڸԷţٰӷ硣
Цһ£֣ߵˣʲô£ֱ˵Ҳ
ǧ𱻽ӻؼʱǧදֽ˼ڣҲǳ
ֵûԥǰС֪Լ˹ȥæΣû̫̫ǱҲֳʲô˵ٰ硣
һĸ̬ȣԸ⣬Цĸ֪ҶԸһָ֪ңΪʱʱң֪һЩʵ飬в̤Ц
ּţ˵вͬ۸УţﲻүŮЩ꣬ûϣ˸㲻ӳһţΪѵˡ
ţҲͷת
һң˭ȫȫ˭
ֵմ֪࣬˲̫̫࣬үڶվ½ӹ֪ǰѹϵģزʡܹҪ졣һùء
ͷַˣ¶ȫЩ 
˵ŻŹ
ڵϣһƣȴаôࡣ
һ𶹸һƼ˿һ㣬һСˣģһһ빣׷
ÿ䲻࣬ʽʢ¹Ҳûô໨
ĬĬ̾һʱоˣϴǰ̣Ҫˡ
æƾˣЦҳԷϲΧţȥ
ѾǶԿһֻۣȥˡ
һƷռҵĲˣһߡ໡ϵͳ찡̫óˣҴǰ޼Һ֪ؼ÷Ϊζˣ˭֪иζأУƣҲ̫Щ㲻¿ꡣ
ƣ˺ܿȥһ롣
ѾΧǶԵģڣԼĺ˼ԣ
ϵͳȴǸѵ˹Щ
ﺬʳ˹ĵ
ϵͳʮ꣬̿ɣʳȷʵʧ̬ʳɫҲûӡ
䣬ϵͳϵز
ø࿴ʳĿǵʶԺʳֿЩ
￴ʳĿȴʵʲôʱܳԵǣ
ϵͳֻԡ
ûóԣҿ˸ʲô
ϵͳĬĬƵȻתע
صƵӻ¶˸
໣ӰЩ𣿡
ϵͳܡ
û뵽ƵˣŴСֱӳ˸Ů
ǣʵЩ̻ģʳĿƵٺϵͳƶһᣬƽ٣ϴЪʱΪ˯ˣ˯ŵģû뵽ͷһմͷܿ˯ˡ
ڶһϴϣôһɻ㣬ƴȥƣһƷΪ⴦ԺӽкԺ
ԭԺһһССɻأʱɻʢ续Ϯˡ
ͺɻ䲻ɻһ꣬һʯɫֱ֣һɫֱ֣ҡȣ̸߱ʢ˲ѹغɻ
￴ˣһŻµ֣СС
ϵͳƵĿˮ׵ܵܡ


21 .  λܵ   ֱһ
շɰ׽ʮ꣬ǵճӣԺܽϣȡ
շӢʮ꣬ѣ͵͵뾭ѵ飬лˡ
ֵһͬ㣬ر
˽ʿյΪ̽ɣνʱֵһھŮ㱻Ϊ
շǽϣԼ׵˲̤ż
òԳɫŴǵĺòʮˡ
շҲýĳһղĴ磬ͻᱻܸܵǹ
£շɰ׺շӢжţһʱ𾪣ƽؽƶϧС¶ܿˣ½˸շҪ˼շ񣬿¹˲λ׽㣬룬Լ
շɰһһߵڼһó裬֪Լһʱ֮ԽܣҪˡ
շӢ
˵ţת
շӢ˵ֺݣջѾͷ
շɰףӿ࣬ЩЩð֣ɻ󡣡
շӢ֪ԸΣϰߵ̿ɸ죬ԣɾͲð졣
շɰףԻúý㣬һСӣ̫ࡣ
շӢһ磬Ŵһѣˣ˵Сӡ
շɰһϣĴһշӢͷһСӡ
ֵЦţƹɻء
ڴǰǣЩţϵͳҵİɣô죬û׼񡣡
ϾʱϵһɺõЬ׸ʱŵ񣬵ռңԾãЬò֡
Ьףûʲô͵ˡ
ϵͳûм񣬵Ӱ
֣˵ķǳԡ
ϵͳ
һͽүͶүˡ
ǽգ˶ů󣬵мСС
ܿģշɰ׺շӢͽˡ
Ǽһĺݹ֪ⶨǴе׽ˣǰи㡣
ӴҶ㣬շС˵ͬʱ̳İҲգСҲСĺô
վЦ˵գ
˵ſʯɫѵСУҪǲµûǷɰˡ
תɫѵСУ㶨ȻǷӢ
շɰ׺շӢͷµû
ǰ۲ݣüФշˣ⵱¼ǣ󷽣û¹Ȼͱ΢ɴɿ
ʵùô
շɰ׵δǹ㣬һȥĸĸĸһ١
շӢҲգգۣĸǱߵŷḻ
ЦˣֵҲǳԻأ
շɰ׿ɫ߹ȥպãĸӦøϴúһԺһ£Żš
ϼ£٣ֵ䣬ĸĶ̬ȫˡ
շӢȴµ£㣬ǲҪñȼ磬ɵñţࣿ˸ũȤ£
ڲڡʧЦ࣬ҲһЩȤζ¡
һ٣ҽһȤ¸ˡ
￴ţѾ߱µѸٰһȤ½ϼӹ֦ҶȾ
ȤűʹһЩɫʣӹ˲һһۣ߳𣬳ϵĹ¡
շɰ׺շӢһȤ£һһէｲ꣬׷ʵβˣǹˣ
һ̯֣Ҳ֪ȣǱ಻ȥβ¡
Ūеܻܵͦ໣
շӢζһ¹£ֵ¶ɱϷĹ»ҪЩҲʶˡ
һת㣬һͷ£˱Ϸô
һ⡣
̸
ԱߵպĶһۣ¹ٲά裬¿ˡ
λүǻһڸбùЩ
̸˵ţշɰ׿ʱˣӹȥĸʱ򡣡
վѣλеܵһ̫̫ĳԺȥ
·˵Ц䣬Ȥշɰף㳤ʱ᲻ᱻΧӣ
շӢ죬ӿڵ绹Щܽǲš
շɰƳһշӢշӢֹ
ȣܽ궨ףڽ¶£
ȴǱʾţòл˱ǿ˽ܽꣿ
շɰֻõܽǴδ򡣡
һϻζӴԣһռңշܽĻ¿䣿
λܵܵĿǣλܽǻҪʲôӴ


22 .     
ʱԽţ̫̫ǻᣬҲĴλܼ̫̫̬ܵȴǷЩݼϣϸ̫̫һۡ
̫̫ͷⱦʯϴƺԲڸЬ̬̬дĸ˼̫̫һģһ
̫̫֮һЩнֺݣܵվһģԳֻԵúڰ׷ѡ
ѾͷˣƤϸˣüۣҲܵʲô
ʱ̫̫ģ⵱£֮ȥһ룬̬ºͲ٣ʵùţ
δ׸ӢҲûš
շɰ׵ĸ⴦Ʒֶֺ࣬óԣһ١
̫̫ȻϲΧߣ˵˵ЦЦ÷ЦлǳʳɣƫĸĶ
շӢӿڵ˭ĸ⴦ȫǺöأ
̫̫ЦˣԸӰţֺǽҲûˣգ
ﲻ֪ոΣԼ̧ܷܵͷȥԱֵ֣ͷ
һٱУм˼ŮͬϯҪֿ÷ռҹزûϸһˣŮһ÷ġ
ϵͳƺ֪룬£ʱ䲻ʮ꣬˼ֻһɣ뺷ŮʱʱԼƻͬϯǳ֮¡
ɿ̫̫ߵȷʵʢ߳Ա߿䣬˵óԣǵҲóԣĸ⴦ĶȻóԡ
̫̫಻˹ģرϲ֣ϯŮΧһ߳Ա߿䣬ԼθҲˣСࡣ
ñţѾ߶ϲڣ˹Ϲ˲裬лˡ
̫̫ȴշɰ׺շӢʲôʱԺ
˰Σ֪շɰǾˣշӢҲţ¹ԺѧգԺʱ׸ʱżٰѮǻؼ
ڼȻ˹ΣȥҪ顣
˵껰̫̫תĸ׵İգ̫ˣ㡣ȥˣӰŽѡ
æվлĸˡ
̫̫ЦӯӯûаȻͰԹϲ֮ȥһ룬Ѿͷ³ûСģܡ
صԺȻӰִ˻
صĻæ̫ˡ
ЦƤڣѷÿصЩźãˣٴ̡
ӳķɫֹ˻
ӸǺշˡ
շ˽÷Уʵ̫̫ùˣһʱɿ磬һȫշϣֺշ˯ˣЩ⡣
շ˵ɫʵôˣ
շ̾˿֣˼أˣһҲòҩ˯ˡҪһʱ䣬ܿ⵱£ĸģҪ黳
ͷĸΪˡ
շͷһɹ㣬֪˹ζ趹ʲôһѾͷҷƿùУױϻһ´ĽһҲù
ѾͷӦˣȥƬ̣ιˡ
շ˽ҿӣһĨϣ̻ˣǺ㣬ǵҪͿ
˵ֽҿκУβأƽشţգĸٸףЩʯ㡣
ææлΣհԼϽΣվתȦӸշƣЦʵĸÿ𣿡
շֹסۣɹ̫ˣȻҲˡ
ĸŮ˵Ѱˣ̴ŸͽˣżƣҪסյġ
շһæվҵˣÿ¹Ժż٣׸ӢڼУ̱ҪŸһˣǱֵܽþһ۵ġ
˵ţָˣٲҪ㣬׼š
λ̣̫̫Ů¡
¼޵ǲƽӣһһŮһһŮСƽز¶档
δģǶĵŮľ
ĵʮ꣬ľʮꡣ
ƵŶŮռңǻĿģľ˵շɰףϼס
ֻշޣҪἰˡ
շȥһȻ֪̫̫Ǳȥһˣ˵ǹҪ
ԺУľĵ˽磬֪㳤ʲô³ģ᲻᳤һŴһ˫ִȣ


23 .  ԰   ȫƼ
ĵָڴϣꡱһãĪӲ²⣬ˣȻ֪ˡ
ľһЦ˵ǡ
ţ䴫Ų˫˫ֹ⣬ֻӽýһλŮ
ľҲǱׯɨѾͷҪڻҪݣôģĸʱ߶һʮˣѰ죬ڳȷʵѰ졣
ĵǺЩü鶯·һʵ
ʲ̫̫˵շʱ£쳣˼䣬˵Ҫ
Ҳǲ۴ţţüȷʵ͵ܸЩФƣЩЩŲѿֻ³ģ¶ûīдֱɡ
ţ̫̫б񣬾ͱշסһˣǴãǱ磬Ǳá
æݼ£ֺĵľͨ
¼û¹ӣڳЩ⡣
˼ϣ±ͷϲһ֧ӣֺǰӲ嵽ϣЦʱ֪жһλû׼֧㾫ɣʺ͸ˡ
շ˼ӵʽ֪ǹƣæǹӣͨ˿ɵòţЩлùá
æлˣתѾӹ̣һ̫̫ٶһ£Ŷ˸շˡ
½˲裬Цշ˵ɣ³ģء
շһڲ裬¿һЦ⺢³Щطⲻ㣬Ѱ˼ҪһλŮ̵һЩأһ㣬ϵüʶ㲩Ů
µȥˣҴкʵģƼ㡣
˵䣬ʱ䣬̫̫š
շϱҪڿ̫̫ţ߽
Щ̾ʱһûʲôˣһţ˼ҹȻضЩأϱġ
һ˵ϱһµģСӵλҲ硣
űϣ˿ں˲裬շ˴ˣ̫̫ĸŮ˵
һ·ȥԼǹշʲֻ˸̫̫ˣԼûţæʵĸʲôʱţ
շ˼ɫһЦżпҪĸţƽز̡Ҳ⴦÷˷ԻŹ
һ˿Ҫ˾ͺá
ͷ̫̫շ˴ˣĵľҲȥˣշ񲡵£̾Ϣһ䡣
ȴʵܼҿ֪£
̫̫Ű˽ӻδܼ˵ء
³һµ¶˿첻˳٣ţܼҸ졣
̫̫Ҳ˵ˣб䡣ţһΣ͡
䣬죬ֽ̫̫ˣˣһأҩȫŻ˳ȥ򣬱ء
̫̫ͷʹ⺢ôôԼأεϱ
°̫̫ĸĪҪģҹȥƺˡ
һշȫˣҲ˲
ﰲţɫ磬ճȥɢ
һһ̾ոÿ̫˰
ЦǸأ⾰Ҳˣģȴ԰ĻݲݣкЩүŪƷ֡ٻʢʱ˻Ҫ軨磬ķ˺͹ͻһơ
һȤۼϼ죬յڵŻһ䣬ˣȥ԰һƣԡЪ
Ӧˣ԰ȥ
԰ӣתһȦһ̧ͷ﷢ϵӲˣɻʧɫǹ͸ӣŲϣ¶ˣͷһūȫҪ𷣵ġ
ɫԣʵôˣ
żͷϵӲˡ
ææһȦۼûţɫЩȹһ䣬·һ顣
һҰգ
հ֣ʲŹ˼ȦԸв죬һҷ̫ūԼҾС˵ŴҴˡ
ֻԼ԰ӡ
ţͻȻһá
ͷһƣӴĵģ
λ紩״ƺֱ֣Ϲһֻ壬·ʱζɷˡ
Уλ罣üۣ䲻շɰǰ㿡ȴһӢˡ
ﾭдŮһ԰ӣʽУҲ׳¹ʡ
Լţڣ԰ŮЩ£Ӧ÷ˡ
ݣã
ĵһϣģҪ˵͵´ڹһһһʧеߣ
˵һ߸ߣŵòС
¸ũʱߣһƣ֪ûжģһʱǷһ֧Ѿӣɨȥһ߰οĵûģõġ
ƹĵźŵòУһţ˲ڵ£
ܾ˲ʹˡ
ĵĴų°Լʧ̬΢죬Ǳÿɷ˵ȥ
ͷУ˵ǡ
ĵɿǷһ顣
䣬һЦշɰ׺շӢĳȫƼˡ


24 .  ò   е
ĵһ죬ε˶ãܲװû
շɰסһЦ˵ǵȻûƼˡ
շӢҲЦˣʱ⣬˱˲㣬Ʒͻʱʫˣһ׼գ
ĵǹȻ߻һŹһ£һʱ˿ææ͵⡣
ܻʱĵͤ˵˵ЦЦһѽ үүģ̫ˡ
ͤλүһŰϸ嵽﷢䣬СڲڴѰŵģ߹ȥʱһ۾Ƽˡ
˵ż¯ˮѾͷʳУҿĹϹڵʯϣæȥְŲá
úùϹģɫЩңѾæͤĽǹϵ޹޹ó档
ʱˮ󿪣һѾǰݲ裬ܿ硣
Ų㣬԰ٿͤڼλУֻĿ
ӴǴеӰɣ
Ʒ˵ЦܿģľҲ
ͤװڴ˴֣Ҳһ
շɰЦͽѾͷȥ㣬˵㲻ڷУԹǡ
ľѿڵⲻ㲡ţʲʵˣ͸Ͻȥôл䣬Щ룬Ͳšһӣײ㷿Ѿߣ֪԰Ʒ
˵꣬ȥһ
ʱĸ״ùռСס԰˵Цʱڵģ¡
һͷշߵĶѾȥҩʱɫвá
ˣЩ֣ʵôˣĪ˸ܣ
ռ˽Գշշ߷̵Ҳˮ˸Ҳӵġ
ʣۿһ죬ίء
ô˵ҩ룬֣㲻æŶ˽ȥշȣֻͣ
ƣƲһҲԼȥҩԼߵ߶ҽǻȥƣôʲôˣ
һ㣬ģֵֽģ˵ֽſЩҪѵȥ԰ӡԱҩ¯ҩţ죬һʱ˲ϣҲҽȥһʣǻֱ磬˵ҩûãõһᣬҪ
Ҵǰҩ̽һ䣬˵ĪǱүү԰£Ž˱ĵģһֳ˵ֹүү԰Ҳء
ٶƲ죬ǾۣһǱģͰˣǹҩҲšҲ룬̫̫ͷ˽Źò飬Ǳ硭
겻˵˼֣ס죬üﲡأСķУ˼ҵģ˵СЩҪӡ
ȴżɿ֣ǰүүΧŹתģһǱ߾͡ٲȥֻ¸û֮ء
ڰ֣һȰ˵ġ˵Ŷҩȥ
շ˯ö࣬ʵţŶ䣬˼䣬һʱ·ڣٰ㲻ζ
ȥôǰ̤ϣСǺҩգٲȥǰ취
շĬȻΣʵĸأ
ˣǱ̫͸ֻôȥҪѰһˮīɴʸ̻ϣһʱǱߵҲҪæˡ
շۿȻֻǵġ
æȰοﲻԿ࣬һһֱڴǰҲΣ仹㡣ǹҲ̫Ҫ壬Щ
շɫԥһ£ҩٲʱүүúãָΪ˵ءˣһ棬Թò飬ѹ˱ȽϣүүȻ㡣
շ۾ɬĶŵҺҩǡ
˿룬շ񣬶ҩι
շҩЮһ۹ιһߵʵĲͨˣⲡȻͺˡ
С߷̵ģĸշҲ̾˿òģҾˣҲûף֪ΡһܼǱ£ݲ˻飬ԺܼңҲҪ飬ŵһͷġ
֮ܽǰ䵭̬ȣԼݣ¸һ
ȴǸϽȰˣү˸ʲô˸Сأ
ſշߣջѾͷ۾ģѡ
շһҲòѹˡ


25 .  ϻ   ռм
ȥ˺ԺۿϣؾӣصշסԺ˾
շʵϲӣˮīӣٻɴȻɫײȴǲÿ
æصﲻԺУ˵԰ͱүү³Եء
շһɴΪοģ˸ֵܻиңһԸб΢˴򽻵Լˡ
գġ
һʱ˱ˣշæ
һϸУֵϻۺѧвģϾѯʣԭϰ౳ģϸĽر֮ʡġ
һ٣үŮԶ߽ء
շ˵ͷֵϾէǵвģҷĽ
һӦУū֮¡
æ꣬շȥһշ񣬻طʱˣ˵Ů£̾źЩˣգЩʡġ
ܼңˣʥڱׯδؾˣܵţ˵֮¡
շ˵˶ӣδʱ졣
Ҳ޿κΣ˵˵ܹҪ졣
һȴ˯ñȽϰȣţߴ磬Ĺϣ͵ԵèȣһüѾææǽѣܵ⣬Ҫ˯õĻǲ֪ϧ
һϴϣ׼ȥշ밲
ʹˣ̫̫£׼ϱһγ趨ʡշ˸ӣöŮҲһγ趨ʡգǳ趨ʡӣùȥ밲
밲ϣš
ҪţӲͿһ˪һϲεһ㡣
ʧЦ칦ľôףͿ˪Чġ
Ҳϸǿǰһ㣬ﻭüûоüڣüëЩΪϰһЩӳĳġ
һЦͷԼƣţһʱ䲻øũûôֲڣҲûôˡ
һ˵շ˴밲ϣȴ¡
ԭµ׶˵ʱ
շѾ߰ſ˶ˣæòɿ
ﱾҪˣ˼䣬оѾ߶̫ǰշ˵ĸףҰŽǶ˰ɣ
շ˾ȣῴˣ
ЦԱ֪
շ˱㺰ӵǹǶһԡ
Χǰ
￴˶ƺˣɨһ۾ͱһ󣬱㽻˶ƣܿģߵȫˡ
ѾǱߣмûꡣ
ƽҪһʱŶˣڣֻʱͶˣӺѾ߽Ծȡ
˵³Ŀʶô⣬ѧ˵ѽ
ɢˣշʵںδѧˣʱѧô
˳ƵͷǵģҪ֪ط˿ˣҲſѧЩ
ԱߴȤϻۣȻѧֺֿãƣͩ˿öȹһ
ʵǸֻѧҪ˻ɣһٿЩ
շ˵Żʱæţֺæһϣ˰գĸ⴦ٻء
ӦˣѾͷţշñϣ˿ڣȰ뱭裬ʵ㻹ûô
˼գûءߣ°ҪҴ⻹û
շ֣ѺöˣˣǾͰڼ磬һϡ
һʱ˵μС֦շһʵĸμң
Ц˵βνϵģ˵βνջݷá
շ˲һЦԭμľ
æ׼ȥӴμҵӣ˳ʼ仰
μľջҪţ˵Եϣܵҵˣ˵ˣ֦ϡѵҪ͹
μľᣬĸηἰ׽ӷҺռҵĽðʵסӷ˳׽סӷ¡
η˵ͷֵģֻ֦𡣡
˵ţͻȻһ㶣ʵռҵĽӵģ֣
μľںݣһ㲻ӡ
ηˡѽһռҾһܽ궨ǸǰЩʱո绹ţװ׾ˣ
μľҲһ㶣ʱἰ³ģ²Ů
η˺ǺһЦһŮתͷҪˣʱ֪ô¡
˵ųһμľʱȻͻ˼ңõȥǡ
μľͷҳǺѾͷɣѧ䣬ѰһŮӷţǴлѾͷ֮顣
ηһڴοѽ˼ˣ


26 .  ˿װ   
С֦µҶһһźһƾ֪ǧϾģϡ
շæԸ˾һС̫̫УһõװԼǱߣ߷͵УŻʣһ㣬ⶫҲܾ÷ţλͷĹ¡
֦͵Ժʱæ˵ǰβνġ֦ϡƽ˼ҳԲš
ѽѽüд֦һŮһ£˵ĳʵ۳谮Ϊù֦֦ʱöϲԵ֦Ʒ֣Ц
Ѿãһμʵ
˵ţְ֦÷ŵ觵ϣݸЦﳢ
ţóԣ۾ӡ
زٰЦеⶫԶϻ𣬲ٳˡʣµñţٳԡ
һʮţţʣ߿ء
ⶫþ÷ţһţպҲһţʣµ졣
־ϲæл߶߶մĹˡ
շǱҲ֦һ˭أȥǰһ˴ЩεĺСۻ𡣡
ˣǰСβν͵ġˣ˵Ͼʱβν׽ӷײү˺ġ
ԭˡշ˼
շ˷Ѿȥշˣ˵öˣ͹ȥշ밲շ˲ع
շڵ񵥣Ҫ׼̫أҲ̫ᣬķ˼
æµţ˵շöˣһʱɿշɳ֦
Цţ»˳θٳԡֻһ䣬˵ε֦ŴĶóԡ
շ˵ͷԾͺá
ٸˣַշ˵ˣʱǰ𣿻Ҳţ
շ̾˿ΪأֻЩίôġУܷˣЩ
ڰ֣ȲˣҪķϣ⣬ٴߴӽ
ڶգŵϵ
ʵÿµķΪ𺶣ʱڣ֪ؼҵһȫĽˣο˵ʵ൱ڰѾߣҲҪ̷֪طˣȴӵȡʲôҲɣÿ¾һʮˡ
ʮ˼ʡŽãԽꡣ
ȴǹˣ֬ˮۣЩС⣬ЩʳԷԸСѾȥ򡣡
ĸ֬ˮ۾ˣʱ򡣡
ЦǱţ˽͡
ִ˼ҵĹÿ¶ôķ𣿡
һæףϸϸ͡
ҹһ߶һ¶ġǸôиÿµķǶ¸ͽίԼ˽ϣԹǹеģǷ˵˽
ָշ˵ң˵ǽϺ֮ңշ˼ױȡ
ţ΢΢̾Ϣ˱׼˷ļױˣױԵ÷ֳݡ
һֻ֪¸Ҫȥ
˼ŮûѺöȫŮޣҪЩŮ
еǷ粨
ڶգ͵﷿С
ֶϸϸܣȷģЦ컻ơ
ˮɫɴӻȹȥϣʱ˽ԹƵÿء
Ѻټ⼸ðЩ˫Ҳûôֲˣ߶ʱмֺεζ
Ҳˬ￴ˬࡣ
ԼվӣҲĸ⡣
һֽȥһס
һϱɫ֦ӣ±ǳ»ȹ
ﻻʱо¡ЩЩڡ
ֺѾȴǺȲɵ׸ÿ
պ˵ţæǰһ٣鷢ΣЩεҪЩźÿ
ֿ죬Ϳ˿֬
꣬ӵﵽշ˷С
շһװ磬۾һŵѽеˡ
˵ȴйˣβνãԵϻͻԼ棬񡣡
շһתЦߣˡ


27 .  ǧ   
ʱǰսңʧ˿ڣʱΪ˾ָ˿ڣϳǰһЩ¹ףѸټޡŮӼʱȡ
ʱ˻ͻΪ뾩ŹŮҹӸᣬʵΪǣýŮ
Ůǰ棬ǳ¡
շ˴μľΥ
μľ˵ýŲ⿴ȥշ˴һλʢװŮվӭ
շ˺μľ㳯游βν游úβνһ֡
ƶǰи֡
μľϸϸһƣųԾ֣ʢװŮǵǸջѾͷ
ѿڵЩôһ磬ʲŽʱûϳ
һ䣬ٴԸͻˣææʩ˵çײˣü¡
һ֣û£³ģǵطǿˣ˵˹ġ
μľɿӻͳһֻСУϻ׽ӷðһæ֮ͻˣֻ֮񡣡
˵Žҿӣָһֻһ۳룬м³һö룬Ѹ˻ȥ
μľ͵ǰܹɽĽŮġɣѧ䣬ֻҳţϲôֻӷˡ
ﲻҽӣշˡ
μľһ㶣˼Ҹĸ棬ҲͻæתѺӵݵշ˸ǰϿҵõհһδ˳׽ӷ¡
շٴδһμľתЦ㵱ȷʵæҲ޷
һֽӹӡ
μľôԡ
ֻóӣ
ϸСһ׾׽ȥˡ
μľһ£ϿҿӸýյװ缫ġ
շеμľŮѡֻûһƲԲ̫໰±죬Ƕлμľǰ͹֦ʲɺϿζѸת˻⡣
л֮շ˱ˡ
ĸŮһߣμľһԴʣҪûǴմ˼ֻһλŮġ
¶Ҳ˶áתһ룬԰ѵ걧Ůֱ˵ˣֵ»δβνؿڣԡ
μľ£ǾȣæͷԵؿڡ
һʱָ̾ñӦǧ賤Щȴ˿࣬ѵõǣû飬ˬ
ϾŮѪҲ׽ӻҪúò
˵ŻμľȻӦ¡
ϣμľǻؼҡ
μľطշ˵Ĳôˣþ磬úϼһҲȥܼ
շ˵밲Ѻõòˡĸףǲ硣
ڶ䣬ո˼磬ϯ˹һӣҲ˶һӡ
ոΪԺһסԺƽԺ棬һ֪Ů¡
ϯ䣬շһ棬¸вͬζ
Ȼݳɫֹšﳣд³ǧʮ³һϾͲǧ裬̶δΪŮ䣬úܲҡҶôˣԲ᷸Щ
ȿȣǲŮ۲֪ҲǶŮ䣡
շ񣺹Ȼ³ģһ̨ջѾͷģ˭һۣҲãĺøĸ
շ˸˽ܹݺָշ֣ЦԺ׽ˣ¶Ӧ
շһڣԺʲôģֻңеģá
ҲԺҪнչˡ
շ˼ܺ㺰ãΪοЦˣˣ³Է
շϾո֮꣬ǰշ޼䣬ϰ԰շ˼һʱͻȻѾԼֻŮһᣬæӡ
շȴǲĶеæЮ˸ЩЩ
շûĸףʨͷ
շæӦУúã
շ˼շָ״ǻϲһʱһŮ
ĬȻԼЮˡ
ˣԣǸ۰
ɵӷЦŸĸ̫̫ˣӦżӣһƷշ
ŮһݷױһδŮ
ô䣬Ȼ粨ģ
󷿣Ҫ¶ˡ


28 .  ̸   V 
ϣȷշλշǴǶ
λͬʱģүͷ˰ǰ棬ɼȻ۰λûжҡ
ϣ˴ɢﺰסշЦŵµİм仰Ҵ㡣
շԣɫ΢䣬ָܿº޵òС
ﵱںס˵ôһ仰Ҫˣ׵£Ŀ
һͱոʮžǵĸĸµ׵ûûһ˿һ飬൱İˡ
ų⣬Ҳܾܾ׵ĻҪȻ飬棬ȥá
ҧǲѾߣߵһ˵
ֱתռϵĻ˵ǣֻҪúãǱˡޣܣЯŷһǣܣҲ黳˵ʱҲᱣһ˳죬ϲ֡
շϣЩСС⣬Щζ
ǣΪ¸ĸлҪףҪӦݺ͵ãû뵽ЩȫûУֻ˵ϣúá
ζǣĸûҪ󣬷ﲻƺǷծҪһ
ͷǵĵַ¼ңһдš
˿շɣų¸ĸּʾдţһʱռϲһ¡
շ˼ǽá̸Ҳɿ
صȴѾֽ߱īʼʸռдţ˵ϾţֵԼոһаãἰշòֹڸܳȡ
д꣬ٸдһţϸ˵ʱǷոʽԼȡ
Աī㣬ɰ棬˺Щ̸ֹд֣ѽ
һᣬշ˺ֵսü棬Ҳ̸̸˵˵룬һӣǽþ׽˽飬£Ҳܻ£˸Եġ
ֱ㽨λﵽ㣬Գիֿ䡣
շһ۾һ˷áǵõɮϵ㻯䣬ý񷬽Եãǰϧ
һշ˱ѾȥշЩϢԡ£һ㡣
æִλںδɶʢȡ
ЦڳǸȥҪһʱǴʢַ𷨾ٹУǴի˼Ҫȥˣ˵㣬ʵΪ˳իˡ
ʣ֪շδܽ游
鵱״ԪĲɷںԺ˼꣬л֮׻飬Լ˹顣
ˣòڣӲҪ¼ޡ
ﱲУܽòΪڣ游ء
ڶգһ磬ϴԡ±ϣշֺճš
һʱ컹ûд
ƿ⿴˿Щ̺ѿţСŵڽֵϣҲбʻȥ
þʱӭɮӭһ˽ȥȥ㡣
ռи˽ǩʱھͷҲʱʱˣһϤУ
շ˴ǽ㣬ֱַΪǸһ֧ǩų˴ţһȥɮ˽ǩ
Ľǽнǩɮλǩ׼ֻλӰϣˡ
ڣȻǩɮˣǩǰҲɢˣշ˱㽻շǩţԼѾȥ¡
￴˿Լǩټǩһǩʫûɮˣǰ˷ǩʫ
һЩȣѽǩʫǵǩʫʯȪǩʫһء
ռ˽ǩؼʱҲǩʫǩʫ͵ˡ
ңǩˣҲܽǩġ
շ﷭ǩʫüһʱһ㵭ڴ˺ţȥǱߡ
ͷԱ㡣
ֺƬ̣շ˻ûأշҲӰ㺰ֺһȥշˣһȥշ
ֳշϾ֪⴦ˣٵͽӣҲ˯ǰҪһȭɣֶԴһҲ£һʱͷȥѰշˡ
վᣬֳͽûˣԾǩɮϣָһûһ·ǩʫһг
ţͻȻһ٩Сڴ˴Īǻǩ
̧ͷһһ£ѽǵ˼ңҲҪôÿ
ǰԼʮرţЦ˵ʱ崺硣
Ҳ֪ôģѿھ͵ڴ˴Ȼǩ
ЦһЦһ֧ǩݸ
һƣǵھǩǩʫһǡͥ족
ףϴǩӴʵ£
ߺЦǰ;
ǰɣͲﱲĻǰ;Լǰ;
ȵȣȣĪǹپӸλдһ֮ǣͥ裿
ˣǰ;ʱȷʵҪ
Са۵ǩǩʫԣӸλĵ֮ģǰ;
һʱǺǡЦˣС˼
Ҫ䣬ΪԼһ£ȴýŲ죬̧ͷһƣշ˹ˡ
շԶԶߣɫ΢䣬ææˣû뵽ڴ˴ˡ
⻰˲䷴Ӧλܽ游飡


29 .  ŮŮ   ܼѡһ
˵ʥڱׯδؾô, ôͻȻھ£
շһֹһ߷ѣ¶, ¶ѵҪţ˵Ե, һ˵֡
үûͬҵ, ίʵѿڡ
շת䣬Ǻݼˡ
æǰݼ, ڳƸ밲
ʹһƳüФշˣЦǺʵֶŮ
շҧҧϵŮ
һ, ɻշˡ
շ˶, и¹СŮ£Ʋ, Եϸ˵
һӼϡ£ǻָ̬, ͷҲá
շ˱ͷڴ˴, , Яһǰͷҡ
Ӧ£Ŀշһ˸ˡ
Գ٣շѾ߻ת, ֻһ, 㵭ʵĸ׻û
ĸǰͷսһͬǰȥ
շƳһ, Լ̧ˡ
ҲΪ⣬̧ں档
շһСֹȥһҪ˵ʲôˡ
һ˵ǰߣӭЦ˺Ǵ˵λū߾Һһ򡣡
һ˼֣շɫ䣬ʵ𣿡
Ӧǡ
Ҳ̫ˡշ飬ӽ˾ңһʱȴѾߵţ˻ûС
֮£ɵһҪûͺˡ
ûʱԼһжúõģԴˣһжˡ
ȴǿŴ⣬ĵͣţܽӦǸ׸˵˫
һ߾УշСɳ˲裬پ뾴飬˿ڲ²룬ſʼ˵걧޶¡
ϣûپ죬ֻͷֵʲСüۺФ㣬ԭŮ
շ˼ûŭ⣬°ɿԴʵԣүŮֻŮŮСϥ£ƷνȻŮܼһŻ£ҲŮٰ죬֪Σ
˲һڲ裬˹£һظ˵һ˵һ¡
շ˰ڻ˼
һվ˷֮⣬Ʒòûͽ궨׶ֻ꣬϶꣬䣬ܲס
䣬ɫ˲΢䣬Ҫף޶֮£ҵ£ʲôҲԼ¡ξǡ
շ˸ˣȻһֻЦ滢
˵ţվߡ
շ鼱֮ºȻŮŮһΣ
˵ȴûڣƲϣ
Ųһ٣ţʲСЩ˫鶯Ʋչɫ͸һӻǸʽꡣ
Դ̫ˣλ֮ԽԽң˭ϴδ֪һǿܹǻ׹ݣò뼸λʱһһܼܷ񱣵ȫҲδ֪
Ҫһңб䣬һסܼҡ
˵ˣ֮ʣռһ壬Ը⻤ѪŮ
ͷһͣ½Ųת˼˵Եظ˺飬Щʱٸռһظ
˵ϸ̧ٲͣ
շһ̱ϣɫѿһδƽ顣
ּշûгæ˾ңշһ裬Сʵˣ鲻˳𣿡
շ˶룬һ˰룬ŵһֻϺꡣ
һ̾Ȼ鲻˳ء
շһǿԼָ̬ŷֱֵվŲ˾ҡ
һͷѾ߼շˣæȥշ
շææӭһշɫװʵĸ׼ˣ
շ˵ͷǣסշ֣Ҫǵãܷ£㶼ĸ׵ĸαԱ֪𣿡
շһ֪»б䣬ʱЩ
շһ°շ§Уıĸס
ںæǰշ౳һߺ㻹ô
շڴ޵ĸף˻飬һô
շ˸ᣬҧؼȥĸ͸һ£ۡ
վűߣǡĸŮĬĬԡ
շ˱ǽüһ֣⵱ûֻԸظ
һ˻صոշæȥ̫̫˵֮¡
ؼңҲȥ˵
Ͼò̾¶벻ˡ
̫̫Ϻ겻ˣ˲һ䲻ܽˣ
æֹסĻҡͷЦĸףƽزرسⷬӦбĿԵܸ飬ʸס
շȴĴң˵ȻŮŮܼһʱ鵹ͣ˽ŲƺЩ⶯
̫̫ЦҲʲôģϺôƵϣ
Ҳ֪ʶ䲻ܽ꣬һֱ£էȻ²ܼĶƵϣ
ӣշڷзޣæǰȰ
շһֻ룬ˣҪ˯һȥգ
Ȼģڴǰֻɢˡ
շ˯ˣٷĺǺͷȥôôģ
ٺǴСշǰ̵ģҲ޻˵ڰ֣ߵ£û˵ŵ˲أܼҿҪ˻顣
һΪŹﲻ
̾Ϊ
һʱԾĬˣշӣ˻飬ֻеءң˻󣬻һܼ˼ңһܽĹӣ
ֻⷬҪˡ
Щ߷̵ģǰ;Ҳδˡ
˵һӻæֽȥշ񣬼Ȼ˯Ҵӣز߿ֻڴǰš
ɫڣѾϵ꿴շ˯ʱһʱԥҪҪ
ȥշȴշ˫ȭգƺʲô΢죬ĺﺰһʲô
󾪣æȥƣһߺѡ
Ҳһһߵˡ
շú۾һ٣ģƺܷѽ⡣
šշˮæˮιշȡ
һЪշԵɵɵġ
ЩˣæѾȥշˡ
շշˣЩγѵģһĸס
շǰ§ʵˣ
շշϵζԾģһŴһΣĸײҪˡ
ôأշͷܼһб䣬ҲΪıѰһźףϲί㡣
շ˳ͷĸ׵ġ
շְһᣬշûʲô쳣ˣŻȥ
ţɢһɢշ˵ԼҪ飬ѾĪѾæˡ
оշ˸ؿڣ̾ʹһʱϸϸΡ
ķһ
ܼû˻飬ǸΪ
Ȼֿ֣԰ִ½أûˮȴǻշ˸ǰһ״
˺÷ĿΪʧ״շҲʼʧ
λǰʼ˷Էĸ
շˣְӣʼͷСշ˵ġ
мַһЩ£ЩȴЩģֻһԼļһʱ䲻ˡ
󣬸
ʱڣޣֻһ֣Ѽˡ
ʱݿ£ҡ
һգԼһ붾ҩȥ
ҩԴʹʹ֮£˺һȻһۣڴǰ
շˮַ⣬ġ
˻ռҽĹܼһû˻飬ҲǸ۵ĺѾͷ
а취ذܾ֡
ϴЪװ˯ţȴٴλΣһЩϸڡ
׻ȥһܼңʱŭ磬ִ֣ׯϻǱߵĽգ󷿰빬ҽ
շڱָ֣ģЩʹ
Щ¶һģһķôȷϣԼΣķ
ˣǶԼԼԼԺĴԼһεĻᡣ
һΣԼôңһҪñá


30 .  θ   Բ
컹û, շˣһʱ֪Լںδ
һᣬʶԼռҳŮ, Ȼסո, Ǹƹŷǰ޵Ŀ¸Ů
ȭڵĳཻ֯, Ҫģܰξ˱
ϴϣ۵һɫ, װ磬ɫָ֬ŮģѾ߹ȥ̫̫밲
̫̫շһ˯õģ, Ҳ, æ˰ţרշԵĵġ
շһ̫̫ǰ, лϥ£Ц, ̫̫Цˡ
̫̫Ц, ʵĶЦ
շʱ, ء
Ͽġ
һᣬ̫̫һ޼ԺĻݲݡ
̫̫̾ǴС, ġ
շ޼ʱ, ԼӼʱʮ, Լʱֻһλ֣ʹֻԼ޼ԺĻݡ
УлһλѧҩƵóȥССʹʱԼҩȡ
ҩĿ·һ㡣
̫̫ĥ磬żˡ
Ȼһŭ
շڣԸһطȥҸĸҪ
շˣ̫̫˵ȥܼҵľ
ŭԲȷŻ£ֻ˵ӺͶϱھǻؾһۡһ֮ܽĻһֱ˵㣬Ķ۵ӺͶϱɣ֮ʡǱԼ˻ˡ
̫̫Ҳŭˣ̫
ܿģշҲˣ˼õܼ˻ڻ˼˻飬д棬Ҳ˵¡
Ҵҳһˣܽ길ĸǺ˵ۡ治ѣҲֻ˻ˡ
շУ¿ɬһͱԼĴ
ûбԼ£߾ƽһӡ
Ȼھнس󣬼ʶθˣ
磬ֹ֣Ȼǰׯزˡ
ʱڣշˮָշһ֣֣֡
շ価ľ⣬Ǹһ㣬ֱ֣֣շŮԴٰġ
ǰЩӣָ֣٣ȥֵ̽ܣֻ˺Щշ񰮳Եز
ֽ֣밲շɫЩ㲣ɴһǰûôˣ̫ЩԲ
շһ֣֣ۿɺˣһֱߵ֣֣֡
Ҳ⼸շ˵֣
֣ϣɫЩأεֻүˣٵú÷һء
շУֻʱҲ˵ôһ仰
䣬շŶǱߵĽգҽˣȫȷϣе»ķ
ҧ֪Ժᷢ£ȻҪδѣذܾ֡
ôգѾǷ֣֮ǰ࣬Ҳࡣ
һߣȴǷࡣ
һ䣬ִˮԡʱɡһĲӰడ
յ£ǷˣҲءűסĵطףɹˡ
Цѵû֣֣ʵҲࡣ
ֺյȻˣֻ˵ôףϱҲô׵ġ
ȡһȥԼϴͺá
ЦﻹǲϰԱ߷ѽ
˵Żһȥ
ԼѣԡͰУѾǵĻ̲ס˿Լ壬ţȻǼ׵ġ
ţͻȻ淢֣ףԼǰ⣬Բࡣ
һУѿڵԣǴݣ⣿
һ³ô᲻һճݵ־ɫ
ϴ߳룬յϴôˣ˵үͱү԰Ц͵Źȥء
ǰշɰ׽ｲȤ½ĵľϣȤٽһ
еǹ£֦Ҷһ
ĵط󣬻¼Ĺ£˵ʮӡɲǮˡ
˾԰ٲȥ¡
ľˣæӿ춯ܿϴ꣬ѳ
ֺæһѣ䣬ҲͿ֬ĨֻۣĨһ˪ָϵһֻó޹
Ҳϳ׽ס֣һȦͣһߵֺûЩȥɱѾǰӴӵģ¶ڷԸͺá
ľЦˣҰǿأɴֻġ
˵˽Цˡ
ľ԰ʱ˽Եˡ
ĵæóλãЦҪµˣλ
һЦǰľһˣ粻ǫãλŷڣԼźʡ
˵˵ЦЦ˹Ϲ˲裬￪¡
Žһ룬ȴշеѾ͵ĹЦ⼸ѧģʲү԰ۣȥ˳ģū͹
շɰһæЮһֻĳˣһ¾Īڳϣȵʤ¥ˡ
˸ƷҲ׷׿ޡ
շɰ⼸ۣԲշӰӣ㳯ǹ⼸æʲôأȥˣ˵԰֣ҶҲһۣһء
Ӧ£Իȥշ
շĻ۵׳ţָֻܿõģѣ԰ȥ
ЦշˣææľЦˣû㽲Ĺ¡
շЦʲôôˣ
ĵһȥ¼һơ˵ִٽһ£Ҫɽֵġ
ľǼӼ˰ɣɽֺ֣µġ
ĵЦûӣŴ̼˵ˣȫѾֲ֣ǵһˣʲô£
շɰ׺շӢҲʾ̼ġ
ﵹЦշϲʲôģ
շ
һʱѾǵ˲в裬ǻݵĲ裬̶ֵǳԣ̱ϣ˵һ¡
㽲һ걨Ĺ£д￴ϸڣ档
˹ȻϷűϲ
ｲϣһֵˣ͵
һʱˣæվԻط
շȴǺס
ͣ£ʵкηԸ
շէȻ֪ԼŮЩȴҲδԲ
̾Ϣһ䣬ø˵˵°°գûᣬҪȥǡ
֮ǰշ飬մûʹĸһ䣬һת˹۸С
һ˵һ߳ǰߡ
Ѿ˵׵£һʱһۣҪܼɣԶԶţûнǰ
˵Żȴ˽رߣշһĵص㣬ʱųţһְ½ء
һʱ̧ۣ⴦мţѾδƣֻˡ
ʹģڳرסˣװŵͽ
ͣ½Ųн
շӰԼܹĿͻȻɫְ
￴ŽʱҲǧ𳣻ڽִȻһһˮ粨ƶڷչ
ʱصգ̫ʶˡ
ţȻִԼļһʱҷ׷ףȫЩǧ𱻼ǧ³صڣʯ䣬һһתһжܿշ֡
շȴ˳жķǰֱֱС
УˮȻˮֻܱˮ
ѾǺܿˣǺˮġ
ˮһⲻˡ


31 .  Դ   ˵
ˮĽ, ӡˡһ죬ˤ˵Ǹ߷ض, һа, ҲҲ, û뵽Լˤȥˡ
⻹Ϊҵļһ£Īˤȥġ
һǺˮ, ʲô£ҲΡ
ͷ˲һת˦Ьӣһ½, ˫, ץסշӺ죬ˮ, һߴȡ
շΪˮ½ʱ, , һ, Ǻˮһʱˣʧ
, ³ץס, Ժһȴֻ֮, ԲҶ
ѾӺܿˣѾæȥˣˮæ˳أסշ񣬰˶ϰ
ȼշΣշУְԳæҺˮûǺȻ롣
շûʲô󰭣ɿ
ļҹЩ磬ʪ͸ˣһʱ촽ϡ
ʱ磬ϣٱŻԺӣѾȥշˡ
շʵշǺˮˮûʲô£㲦շԺȥˡ
շѻ˸ѣڱ﷢æֽѯ¶ˡ
˸շȥ԰ӵģΪػ˵ýرߣͣͽüײ˹һ£ｿվȣʧ㻬ˡﵹææˮȥȣˣﲻˮǺڣ˺ôš
շһɫЩأѾͷûԣﻰ԰ʾˮġ
ȥշʵ˵Ļûƫô
շ§űӣ̾ϢһĸףҲǹģǻ˵µΪ˼ӣŮȥҪοһƺ˾üײŮһ£ŮһҲͻ³ˡҲˣææˮȡ
շһ±ˣæշ񼸾䣬ֵ䳤󣬾ֹǴ³Щҹúý̵㵱ģҲҪһζãý̵Ҳ̵һ
ԱѾ˽շ˿շˣ˵ˣæ
֮󣬿ҩ˵Ƿҩˣûз䣬ҲԲȡ
շȻҲŴȥ
ϣЦ׳ƽͣ˯һûˣ뿪ҩ
ߴշ˱ߣסֵˮµô£
Ϊд¶Ҳǹ£û뵽ʵлᷢһģһڣĸװҹŮڣҲһģһء
ЦһЦ̧ͷĸףǱߣȻ˵üײ³أϡǽҪ°£ߵأ˵ͻȻҵļܾȻһܣ˳ƻ³ˡĸϸ룬ˮǲǸϧǲǶҵƷģ
ӿշˣĸ׵ŮĸѪĸѵң
շ˿ФԼһʱȻû˵ĻҲûȥշ񣬱ϾԼСġ
ֵҵĵλҡ䣬з飬ѰһЩĸ״£Ҳпԭ
շ⻰ɻ
ﷴסշ˵֣ĸңһ±ǡ
շæ֣˵ﻰϵ⣬ﲻˣ
շϣ˲ĸ仰ҽҲ˯ðЩºԩĪס
շС뼰ЩܵĿ࣬һʱְһֻȥͷĸ׵ͷ⣬ֻϣǺദһᣬʹ˽ҹա
·ԸҹշδԸҹ˺󣬻Ҫǡ
շ˳˺Ժʱɳ̾һСԩҡ
շɰˣҲշˮ£ֻҹֻ̽ӹһʡ
ڶգһȥ̽շһ̽һ˻̽ˮ˻ҲҪѧѧˮ
Ůûǳ䣬Ц
շնûгš
շǺˮԼ˺ֻúţҳš
ȴǽ֣ʵţЩԼշǧٿһ顣
ԽԽŶˣǧĳ¹ʰ
˲ŹǧһҪ¶ˣǰٰ
ֲˣа취Ɐİգ
Ȼ뱻ѹƣҲϣ³ĻĸҲѹ
ָһգշ˶ȥ磬ȲշҲ
ܼҵĻ²֪Σʱ˴ţñѯʺʱʱΡûףȥҲⱻʰˡ
շû뵽ǣᣬᱻη˵
ηЦʵҼҼľһֻ֪ϲ
շһ㶣Ͻҿעߣɿʵ̫ˣϾ;аһСæͷǵл񡣡
Ļ»֪Ҫճߵæ˼ҡ
η˼շ˲Ǻ̸ģЩʧٽľ޲ڣ˵ˬʱ¾ŮӲͬЩ棬֪ʲôʱǼ
շһЦ³󣬾ֹЩ裬һŮЩǣԶˣԻݼǡ
η˼շȻϹֻա
ɢշ˻˸˵η˵Ļ˼μľۼˣֻĻ»δæ̸£ߣǺڲҲôȥˡ
⼸壬ȥܽ길ĸ̸һ̸ܽ£ȻҪģ£ŵˡ
շ̾Ҳֻˡ
ڶȴ˵ˡ
ȴշ˸˵Сס˼գҲˣԼˡ
շæ˱׼´ȥ
£շ룬ʮߣû˵»£仹ѧδйְܹǿųģ֪֪ף˻飬ǲǡ
ϼҲǺ£ʱ̽һ
շⷬˮΪܷû뵽Լ˿࣬ȴ𣬲ɰޡ
ڷоգϸܼҸĶ£ҪҸͻƿڣһȴҲ
ѵδô
һ㷨Ҳûô
ҵײģòΣһġ
͵һأԼҪв̤
뵽ǸΣֳܾҲѧȼա
ʱԵϲƵһζ㣬ţĸǰҲζ㣬ҹϡ
ҡ
շ۾ͻȻһܼ˻飬ͷȴǲǿԴ˵


32 .  ʦѧ   ﶼ
շĸ, ͷ
ʰණæֹⷬȥܺʷ, ֻһ, ܷܽĻ£һ仰, 鲻˶ʱ䣬ʰô
շ˶һµܺн飬ⷬǰȥ, Ϊܹܽ길ףӵĻ£Ҳܹġ̸, ǱׯСסٻҲɡ
ڰ, ̾Ů飬ܹ̫򵥡ܺλȨ, ʤ飬ȻӵĻ, ܼλȨذҴȥ, һܼ̽뷨, ҲΪ˰ԼģʲôҲɸ˵, ĸ, ΪĻ£Ѿ
շ˲죬, ˼ܼǱȻҪ˻ģһҲûˣ
ȥһշ˼򣬺һСΪְߣҲ飬˻ô
շ仰գһʱۿô꣬ͻȻףԴ
˵仰С˽ˡ
ȥձˣһȥ̫̫շ˹ȥ
շ˵̫̫һɫһޱϲģһʱҲ²͸ܺʷ̸Ρ
շǲѾߺӣŵܺʷ˵ǲȥׯἰǱ޶֮£ܽĻ£ȻģҲȻ
̫̫ɫЩãʵԣһȥǺ⣿˻βʹʹ˵
շҧȻǱԼ˻ˡʮˣܾףҪϽףټ
վⲽһܼҼȻ˻֮⣬ٲ˳٣ȥ飬
˼Ѷɢˡ
ڶһ磬ȥܸŰʱͻˣԭ鲻ڸУȥ˱ׯ̼ݡ
̫̫շ˵Ϻߣмˣ˵ǰȥ´ֽ̬ۡ˷ѽˣƺǷҪ˻飬е֮⡣
̫̫ΪҪأ
ҡͷҲ²͸Ϻкκš
˵ţշ˵Σ
շ˿Ц˶ŶԷءһ˵Ҫѧ㣬ڷвţһ˵֣ҲŲš
⵱£շдһŵӸٵ㵽̣Щ
ٿһ£мζرѵãϻȥ̣˵⼸ζ۸񲻷ƣƽؽҲ٣Ҫ򣿡
շϻȥܹġ
һȰ˵ӳš
ִ֣ûбˣǰѧ㣬ѻСӣˣܹҪʵġ
շ񲻴ֵ֣Ļ겦¯飬ֵֻ㡣
ֻ֣ǰϸᣬһʱ۵е㣬е̴㣬ϸϸ
շһЦ㣬ϲζ㡣
һЩֻ˻ʱȻ͡
ֲһ㣬ŷԸֵ֣Ĵһ£Ժλʲô£и˭ϵ
֣ӦˣܿҵԺɨӣһ֧ӣԷӦľֹ
շȴյµĿѶԵѰһλʵŮλŮԭǹŮ٣Уʮ˳úֶһס֮ǰҵŮŮˣȥ
ԷȻŮ٣һ̵Ůûշæˣת£ӣԵȥŮ١
ŮٽշԸнٸԵ³󣬶Ծһ֪˻䣬ҪѧЩǣ֪Щ׵ȡ
Ůٽʮţװ࣬üֹţ̸ʶ㲩
շ˵ĻʵУϣ޸ͨٻ֮ӣ߼ޣֻ޸ͨٻ֮ӣѧЩͨǣЩףЩദ֮ɣҪ߼ޣ֮⣬֪ǸȨ֮ᣬģϵ÷һ֮
շһ֪ŮٹȻһˣҼŮ̵Ҳ쿴ǣǷи߼޵ʣ쿴ϣʩ̼ɡ
ŮٵͷҲɡ
ŮռʰһСԺ䰲Ъ
շȴǺշﵽǰ˵ԵŮǹгģʶǺѧϰ͵
շһ֣۾һгİĻ᲻֪һЩ֮£УŮѧ϶ͨҪʶ
һŮ֣ǰϲ̫ˣŮڹд鲻ͬͨˣѧϰ˼·ҲЩ
ڶգշ˴շիŮ٣аʦ
ϣշѾ¡
ŮȽһԼշԽԼȱ㡣
շǽ㣬վ֮ãҵŵǶ˼飬ȱôȴӼЩȡ
˵꣬վҵŵѧ¿಻ۣȱǼʶ١
˵Ļ¶һĹ۸С
ռŮշòڣţֹʶȣ̸ȴЩ⣬ȱ㣬ھȽϣ֮ļʢ
ռŮüФշˣȥɫҲһˣֻǾֹЩ裬ܣȱ㣬ȴ̹Ȼӣһ˵ġ
Ѯѧǹأշǰѧᳵ·ܿءԺãμŮ˵ĻҲǿء
Ѯʼѧգշѡ㣬ѡͶ
շѧ֮ʱ͵ȻʾݣŮٵ͡
˶νɣѧͶһͶУҲŮٴ档
Ѯѧʷʷģ˵˥
շоٳ裬ƹŷܿ࣬˥֮˵Լļ뷨
³󣬼񼲿࣬þУ𺶾з٣ʷ±Ǩ˥֮䣬ҲԼ
һŮʮ֮档
ռŮʺϸ߼ģ
շһѹãʱʱעԼУάŷ֮ƽ⣬в飬۽ĸߣĹǸҪϱѡ
³󣬵ûһı΢ˬҼԺãϻ쳣һ㼴͸úý̵һأҲܳΪҪϱѡ
µףշ˼Ů٣ѯŮѧΡ
Ůٲ֮ʣԵиﶼǿ֮ģӴϻͨ͸ҽ١
շ˱ΪŮֻշû뵽΢
Ƿʺϸ߼ޣŮٻش𣺡ʺϡ
շ˴ϲһʱٵļʶû׼ܰƽܼ˻֣֮ȨΣ˵˴¡
Ůϸ꣬һµʴ֮λδоϣǻףܲлŲϸߴ˻飬Ҳδǻ¡
շӡ䡱һ죬Լңû뵽оơ
䣬շ˽Ů֮Ը֪ͷٲ
շ˼ˣһͷյڳΪ٣ʵ֪ܼзǲǣ
Цˣиλˣλǹϵӣ᣿δǰҲһзաŮʮ㻹Ż²ɣ
˵ˣԺһ
һԺշææʵôˣӽ
ܿģֽ˻շ˹£˫һţˣԺɨʱ𵽵ţʶֵѾ˵ּ飬󣬲ҳʸʸˡ
ֽӹţʸշˡ
շһƹȻּ˲ңææţѸٿһ飬ûʲô˽֮ֻǱʺһٿдšֳϡһʱɻʱһλֳˣ
񣬺ֵȥ


33 .  ݺ   ˮʯ
ҪЪ, շ˴æ£ճš
շ˺, ֹ, ǲˣɫһ, ȵ£
Щ£²ⲻ£ʵĸ׺¶ŭ
շ˿һ, ֻ⣬ӹţ߹ȥС
շոŮҰŮ, ˽ͨţȥ, ҪҪ˵£
ٿţ̧ͷĸ, żȻǼĸҵģû͵, ȴĸУɵ̫, Ҫ
շ˵Ҹ鿪, 㣬λô£
תҪ, к, ĸ׵ʯȪʱұ߹ĸףʮ, ֪ؼҵλˣǷĶ硣ʱС˰ҵÿôЩ꣬ݡϾոŮھѧ֪£һҲ֮顣ĸҲˣ־䣬һλֳ֮⣬ûа˿˽ڡ
ٶһ£ĸ׸֪䵽У˭ոģĸŮݣĿͼ¡
շһҲɻ룬Ըֵֽ
ֺܿڵ£ҪʣѵùҲ£ֻ밲
շ˼޾ɫȴַֹºʵ֣ҰѼŵǰǰ˵һ顣
ֱūƻɨͥԺɨǽǣͻǽ̴ٹŹ֣ȤѧŽŽ꣬ȴһʯͷԺڣһʱͱһعĶȥʯͷҪӻȥһȴʯͷϸһš
˵ţƳһշˣŵūɻţųҪȥ߼Ÿһƣʶ֣˵ּּū¾ˣԺסţΪūᾭס£ͲҰųʸֱ˷ˡū޶ۣȴȫһƬΪ
շɫ䣬žݣһʽȷʵ֮飬ѧСŸʯͷӽԺС
ⲻѧЩ˽Ϸô
ٵ˽飬˶
˵ˣǸжͣӺŮҲڸе޹ݺ˲ǡ
һ촽ʵкλ˵
շɫ̾˿ǰЩʱҺˮĸ˵ĸҪҡҲ仰ĸҡĸңĻʲô˵ʹ˲ʵ飬ˡеײңдһʡ
˵ţϥվתֵ˵ʲôʱŵģŵʯͷڣںδ
ֺ򶨣һūɨʱǻᣬɫƻ裬ʱĩŵʯͷ԰Ƕˣģɽʡ
ͦܣ©ӣһʹɨӣƽؼҶսս˵Ҳ̫˳ˣһҲءⷬϰüˡ
°ͣշ˵֮䣬ҶҪԼǷˡĸ״һͬǰԺָһָںδǽУҳǿʯͷȻٴ
һ⻰·Щңѽѽֻ֣˵¶ˣ˶ᴫҲ֤ʵ£޻˵ˣʱֻɷ˴⡭
һڣ԰·ȥ鿴
ȴǵ²˳٣ý壬ҲܰޣĸҲܰޡ
շ˵վԸֵһֻ֣ҪǼȥԺһˡ
Ӧˣǰֵ߰գ
պ⣬˳ɫЩԣһʱͷԣֻæǰס
һ˵úԺָƹɻأǽǰ
ﻢ£ֻѧУūʱվڴ˴ʯͷ׽Ǳߡ
ʵʯͷأ
èڵңҵһƴʯͷˡֻŵӲˣ紵ˡ
õʯͷյ£¹С꣬£ʪģʯͷҲ࣬˵Ÿõմǣŷȴɸɾأ
ʣһұūӲ˲ɾˡ
ֵڣֽûлѰɣҿҲɸɾ
Щмܲסһűū׸ɻʲŰˣȥϴˡ
һЦԣõź󣬼ȥϴף֮ٳŸˣںδ
ڡѿ˵һ䣬ȻԼ˶û첹æĿڣūǴˣˣûϴء
ԣֵˣûô
Щˣת󶯣ǵģ˾û
շ˺ˣҲˡ
ʵźߵδģ
ָָԶµߵǴġ
ͷ⼸Զʱʱĩɣ
ּᶨͷǡ
֣תշ˵ĸ״ʡ
ܿˣѯʣûūֵģū澿ŷ⣬ū澸ӱʼϴæˡ
ʵʱô
ܿ϶ûдˣ첻µģԹ˼û״ǻҿŷʱһЦһ˵ųʸòһס
ʲűʻƵЩΣ²Żعζ֪ԼһڵĻԱˣɫ˲ɷˡ
շʱϣȥ²Ҫ˵һ䡣
ҲоԣһʱǻԲҶʣææ˷ģūһؿƿ
ˣշ˿֣Ƿŵ״ӺδģΪҪݺӹ˵ʵȻ˵ʵ㣬ӺŮҲһûùӡ
ֲһʹӣһϣƣٱշһȣһ򵽵£ˣȫֵ֣⡣
շ˶ϺȵҺ࣬СĴȡ
ߵͷū˵ʵ˵ʵֻ˲ҪūĶӺŮȫ֪ġ
ʣֵūϵŷǶӣǡüøһ׶ģȥ˼䣬һʣȴʲôԺˣҪһŸū˵Լߵʹ֣Ÿң͵ױŸūǰ֣ҹūһӣ˵Ǹйص£Կɸ˵ôū˿ţȥ֣һ֣һԵ˵ȥŻūŮ﷿еūһϣʹӦˡ
ֱ֣˵¸йˣշ˲ԼСĹˣһʱ૵֣˽š
ӿڣǲ˽ţһʱ֪


34 .     ̶̼쾹˲١
շ˴һ˵Ժ, ˴֣֡
֣һۼּڵ£ۿ, һ, ±㡰һ죬, ֻǿװ򶨣ǰշ밲
æһշֿ, Ų룬Ȳ裬ֽ֣㳯ֵ˵
ֱ㺰һֵ, ˵
ֲһ, ֣֣Ұӽˡ˵ָָϡ
ٲһ, ˵ĻҰ, Ҳһһʮ˽ˡ
֣ǳ˳, װ֪, ü֣˵ʲôأ˭ûһ֧֧ˣ㽻˾ͽ, ʲô
Ĩƾһ, ôҺأͳϰɣֻŮˡ
֣ȻһãȻʲôأҪһ˵ͷ
һ¿, ǲϣҪԼУ
ּ֣״µˣūһǰķ̣޹ص˺£һ򲻶࿴ʣͻȻūһʲô£ίʵūͷԣҲ֪ϣʾ
ֵ°龭˵ˣֵ֣֣Եָʹ㻹кλ˵
֣һ½ԩģһٸӣҲȥݺġǸӣûд֣ô˵Ҹأ֣ͬڸô꣬㿴û׵ôڹǰô꣬ѵ֪أǷͷⰡô
֣ˣһֺʽҲΣûбǣƾּ仰ûб֤֤֣£ȷʵЩѡ
շϣҲЩѣɸ㿴¶˾֣
ޱ飬䵭ĸΰΰ졣
շ̾˿Ըֵ˰Ѻȥڲ񷿣󡣡
ֻӻ֣Ҳˣɢˡ
˵ϣȴסԵʴ£˭ָʹġ
ĸ´ǣͷϣԲô
ô˵أշˣûƾ֤£ܲƾ²ˮ
һ䣬ݺ˽㣬ĸҲô˵Ųշ˻ش̧ߡ
շָıӰӣôôأ
죬ΪշŻ仹ÿȥիѧȴٹȥշ밲
̫̫ĸŮ㺰ȥٲѵ䣬˵£˳ĸȥշϸ
ԹţûжײֻУȻأӲǲ䡣
ҲٲÿȰģﻹŤӲϹȥûκֻԼȥշÿ٣ֵЩ˷ˣūȰȰܻȰתġ
շ̾ײߵģܸҸһ㣬϶ҡ
ɫˣģŻ˷ˣŻӲϹȻˡ
շһЦҵĴˡ
ֵܹ˿࣬ڸܳ꣬ûгԹһ˿ͷ˶ػ
շ˵ͷεҪȵͷȥһСɣ
˵ϣֿЦҲգŮծѰ̨ףҾȵͷˡ
ּշԼ˵Լ㲻Ȱ
շȥˣ˵֣֣в̤ǲ֮¸йġ⣬Ҳ˼գʲʲôϣͲˣȥׯϣ
ֻԺһһ
ϣͷ֪Ҫ֣֣Ҳˡ
ֳûҲȰĸ޸ϵҲһա
ȥһͶһ߸ϵͳֵ֣֣û¶һô
ϵͳȻУԼȥҡ̵ֻ㣬ɣߵԼ򡣡
һԺ󲻽ˣ
ϵͳһڣȻҪ̡һٱû¶ءÿҶ
һϽһŮͶ񼼵ţصжŮͶƼĵãϵͳ䣬һȻԼַ־׼һЩ
˸߲ҵдͶ׼һ̶ȣٲ
ϵͳ㾫׼ˣҲѧ
һ¸˾׸Ӣڸж˼ҵÿվ͹ȥǼǽ̽ҡ
˵ŻӺȳСѾߵվǰȥ
ȴһʹСѾߵͷִȰΪԵӽҪʱ죬ûԼš
Ƭ̣ӳȥӵĸշ𣿹ԺʱҽҩûУƾʲôҪⲻϸṴ̊ӡ
Ӽŵò
ﺰСѾߵҪϸҲҪһõģֻ㣬Ҫӵģʲô
˵ţֵСѾͷԺ㣬ͷ۸ϴȥ˻ʵ
˵ϣַԸԺ˵ǣȫˡԺҼ۸СѾͷģʲôݣȫˡ
һо³һЩٸΪĹܲǣ֪ҲŮ˭Ҫѧģˡ
һֺѾ
Ժǻ˺üӣӸǿúŪʵࡣ
շںԺɺЦֺӣʮһ
ǿЩסͦá
շ˵ʲôײңĸףȻƽϣɽˣҶײĸкùӳԣ
̵ա
һߣշԺ˵ʲôҲŮȴյ˱ӵ˲֪ŮҪͲȥϴˡʲôʱ󣬽֪ԼŮ֮⣬һǴ
֣æϻż£ЩģԺٽЩ
շԴˣ²˳ģȥҪ
˵ţȴһСѾ˵֣֡
֣ȥ˰Σշˣ˵ﲻ֪ĶѰطԼ˼ζҩϣ˷ÿѾߵˣӲϴ˲١
շ⼸ȥիһһףټüФշˣƺӣŽ˴˺ηڻ
һɺ޵Ҫôأ
ĤһվӣȻְһЩɸϵͳĤȻЧ칦˲١
ϵͳǣǰĤط˳ؽ𹺲ã׾ҵطˡ
⣬һ档
ڶȴշߵӹ˵ѧһȥѡϺβ֬ˮۡ
ʵ겻ڵģΪʲôҪѡϣ
Ц¸ҪͻᣬѸᷲյĹŮæųѡϴΡҲӵӣҪλŲɰ졣
շսô죬ʵҲѰͺã±Ӧֺոװ硣
ֺ꣬Ȳɡ
Щ»ü˿֬ء
æȥվӣϲѽڲջѾͷˡ
ʰãշԺȥ
ŵշԺ⣬ȴշҲˡ
շһۼƺֱհЩһ¾ѿڵûô̶̼쾹˲١
Ц˭ģĸأɫȻҲŴĸסĸףһ棬ܹҲǽ㣬һ͸ǲͬ
շɫ΢䣬յþģҪ뷨Ҳ׵ġ
΢Цȷʵ׵ġ
շһ񱻴ġ


35 .     ɽ
, һңֳˣææֹס, װЦ, ƺʲ̸ֻ
Ц, Ǿˡ
˽˷շװãǰ밲
շ⼸, ѰĸŮͺãһֵȻһͰ࣬һ, Ҳ;Щûˡ
Ҳĺͺ, ǰõһζطҩ, Ϻ˼, Ч
շ˱ط, ײҪʾ, дá
ͷĸ׵ġ
ĸŮЯһЦǺͺ
շһ, 㱻һ, ¼շֻ˺˵²ɺ޵òУǰ, ĸֻȴ
˵ŻĸŮ˱ӺѾ߳š
ҪշһԥԾǲ죬ǵһι֣Ҹͬһһ
շЦֵĸֻˡ
ֱλǷͷ⣬أֻι֣ʧҪӦһ
շЦôһĸƫһǽͷݣҲƫˡ
շȵ˾䱦իһͣѾæշ˺
䱦իƼշˣææӭ
ǺѧʿְλȻٺ»ʵ򲻸ߣҲûʲôˮ̣շ˲ͬǽϺױ¾ǻжദھӪÿ١
շֵ׼ȿÿ䱦իΣҲֵƣǰүġ
һ¥˶࣬װĸŮӭ϶¥ңϲ裬ðѽ¿շѡ
շ˺Ų裬շû㺰Ѿߵ¥ȥƣˣϽɱ˳ײˡ
ѾӦˣ¥ȥţһᣬƼͣڵǰһʱæǰȥҳշ
շʵշѴ¥Σ²죬Ƣװ£Ѿ¥
ſ⣬ȴ˵ôأԭǷ˵Ůר˶ϻشŮǰڣִڵŮ
շ˵죬Ƕඨΰˡ
ЦҲǵΣϷ˺͹òˣȻöඨ
շ˲Ц˳أҪλŮΣüСƽγҪ౸
һ֪ͷϷǰλϣæֿģͬӡӣһƾǹȷǸö౸Ρ
շ۾һʱԼģŻָ飬ӲװЦݣȥˡ
շ˸շͷ棬ﶨƽΣ˵õȡŴ¥
һᣬһ˱㵽˳̣̣ȴշ˵ļױ֮һ
շ֮ǽ֯ƣױӵĳлܱȱҪʱЩرá
һӣӭͬӭ¥ϹңԸʱµʽ
շշʽԼҲ˼תͷշʽвȴЩҲЩһζصģõʱЩġ˵԰˼
ϣշ˷ԸưѲ͵ոȥԼշȥ̡̺֬
һȴ֬ηˡ
ηǴŮμ֬ġ
һۼշüФշˣϲ²μľ³Ĺˡ
ӴﳤòľǸû۹ģ˵ʲô˼ջѾͷ
ǰշһЦˡ
շҲЦŴкһʱշ
η˵أҲǵһμ˵ȥ󣬴μľ͵ֻüһȫЦ
ľǸԽģԴûˣЩʲô˭ģؿϣʮֿ佱λ˼ӣأðס
ţȥǣ֣ϸָۣշ˵øФƣٳЩһˡ
շ˽ӿڵз˹ԡ
շĤ֮ǰһЩɫױȲþйŮշշվһԺڵġ֪η˿佱Ļǿ֮
˵֮ͬŮҪЩΪ٣Ӫη˻˵û
ηŮμƣ㡣
μƽʮ壬Ըãη˵ĻЦǰֵϵˣǵһμ
η˱ԺҪţû飬ֻܽƽͬȥǰ֡
ηʾãȻЦлл˹ա
˵ٶȰշһߡ
շۿǣȻһģҾʲôҲˡ
Գ٣һ˵̣շʹɫ֪꣬շ˵棬ʱڵѧ㣬ҪЩô
շ̫̾ˡ
շһ⺢ӣѧҪΪβ˵˵ŻԸϣֽշȥͷҪϣ˵һ˷ӡ
һգĸŮض顣
øУڣշһ˲ʮֲ졣
ǰŹ֣շΪգȴΪˡ
˼ΣҲҪƥҪ˵֬ˮˣ˶ʮС
ͻȻʹԭģôԺöֻ¶Ҫƫˡ
Ż¡
£ױͻȻһڴϣû˻£ļױأ
ǷݼױӣԼǿģʮ֮
жһλǷݼױȫԼ
ԣﲻҪԼδҪԼױ
мһʮģ䲻֪йء
Լƹŷǰңﺦġ
Ҫţûз֮ǰҪذܾ֡
շһ裬˶ϸϸܼҸĶϸڡ
ĸ״Լȥͻ磬ϯϺһЩ£ܼұʮ˵²䣬ҪԼ
ͻᵽ׷أ
շ˰ΣʮģֻԼһӡûϸڡ
շ²豭ʱһ⡣
ֻҪ跨Ӳȥͻᣬתء
ֵ֣ǰϸϸ䡣
֣Щԥһ룬ֵͷӦˡ
ͻǰ뷨һζҩϺ׼գֲҪ
ԺУѾæŰý֬ȣЦͻᣬǾʢ£ʱǹŮƼ涷ޣַǷ
ҲȥҸŷ˸磬Ǵ۽أͷǶڣҹǰ˫ӣС
䣬˵˵ţͻȻѽ֮ǰЩǹŮȣǺڣٷĤɱʱȥͻᣬŮǵɡ
Ѿͷ֣û˵ֻЦ
ʱദҲ֪˽һ˵ģҲͣһЩݵЦ˵õġ
ȻĶͷ¹ŮǰҵѾͷǰɣջѾͷ֡
Ѿ߽Цˡ
Цϣ˳ʯȰҩˣԡ꣬÷ϡ
ҩָҩֻʣˣ䡣
ڶգŵӳȥҩ
طͬһҩҩǷ˺üңζԼ԰ժ˻ݺŷġ
ҩʱֵ֪һζҩѱ˰
գԭеҩˣµõҩֺãһݵʯڣʼ
ڴϿ飬һϵͳÿǧ𶼶ȥұΪʵвû뵽
ż£֣һū澣ûָʹôдֻǿͷ¼շƽ˾ҵиķڵҡ


36 .  ŮŮ   ҪŮ
նŷɻ֭, ǰ𣬸Ϳָ, һߵǰ, ֣̫ѽ
ҩ, һҩ߹ֱϣЦԺʱ, Ҳ÷һ󡣡
ŲѾʩΪ
պܿ͸Ϳָף׽ָ˴һ㵷, ɵˣЩùϡź˯
Ӧһ, ʯ˹ҪҩĨ, ͻȵȡ
˵ŻùԱ߸ŵ, һĨֱϵҩ, һ, ֱֺףһֵʲŷʱоЩʹҪ, ҵ
պʧɫ, ǰʱû⣬ôˣûϷȻ, 롣
ͷȥҩûֺûҩùơ
ǻҩ𣿡ʧɫæȥҩơ
ϸֱ棬ڴҩгһɫҩݣŵǶȥᣬҶӣһݵҶǼģԲģϵҩݼ񣬵ζҩƳ
ֺܿ龭һʱɫأū֮ǰȥҩץҩ˵һζҩڲƹҩץģڹе̫ҽµģȫǳʦѧͽûϵץҩūʹҩȥ˵
һæס˵˵ץҩ
ֵҩץҩ˶࣬ūҪȥץҩͰһҩƣץ˷ڹ̨ߵҴӱץҩٸҩ
ӱҩץҩصƹҵҩ̣ʵû˵ҩץˣһڣͽҩˡ
˵ţŭݣƹҵļٳǡùﻹûϣȻĲǡ
ʵҩ̣ƽץҩ𣿡
ִһ㶼Ǹҩưҩڣȥץҩҩ󣬷Žᣬٰҩҩץҩˡ
ʵҩзִСʽ𣿡
ֻһµһСһʽ
˼һµҩȥʣҲҪ£ֻζҩץģǷʱôˡ
ֵͷҩˡ
ʱһɫˣܼҩ̵˿ҩץҩ˵ūȥζҩжҩڲûһζҩūȥթūȥ٣ʮǿӲ
ʼ䣬Ƭ̵Ǽ˵ҩûһζҩôǿӲץҩ
ҩӦǱˡ
ʧ˭ô񶾣ﵽþУҲûˣҲû˭Ρ
˵ţͻȻֹ˻ЩԼ뵽ġ
ǧ賤ƷԲԽڳޣô
ɫ֣ǸˣԺҪҶһЩ¡
ֺպ̾˿Ҳ֪ˡһǱ˵üײˮĸ׶Ҳϲڶֳŵĸ׸ǰҸ˽ָ֣ʹֲ֣ϣ²֮ҪҩˡԺ飬ֻ»ᷢǶЩ
պɫɷףţʵʵڷˡ
ǰЩСӣȴûˣ񡭡
ȴǺܿλãպǸһϵڹϣһеԹΪأ˭ҪǶһ˿ݡ
պææͷģֵԺЩԵõģǻӱСġ
¿Ҫ
ҡͷϻֵָ֣֣Ҳ֮ûһƾ֤˵ҲȻ
ȥϵͳɧôԽԽãշǧ֮еĶŮء
ϵͳƵû׼շĽǶȿҲһ̲֮Ůء
һͻȻɻʵ֣Ҹշ֮£Ժ᲻ᱻдǧɵһһţ
ϵͳϳԺܴ󡣡
ǰɣ
뵽ԼпܱһܣҸշ֮䣬˭Ů˭Ů䣿ô໵˼ӦŮɣдһŮ˼һŮ䡣
ϵͳҲһǸݻЦһĻ༭ӹɣʱ˲ѣǻ۲㣬һŮˣܳΪŮ
շܻĻĻǸ񶾻޴̲Ů䣬ȴǹâŮ
ϵͳٲһ䣬Ϊ񶾵ĵطĻ㹻ηǣкΪ߹㡣
ﾪˣµô
ϵͳ㲻뱻дɶŮ䣬ҪŮŮҪ߱ʲô֪ô
︧дŮǹâİ̫ˡ
˵꣬ʲôָԼģ£շҲʮǿ󡣡
ϵͳѵҲһһи
һԴҲסһֻ֣
ϵͳۣԴûϵͳҹУӦбĸ
Ĭһ£̽ʵҲŮҲһͨͨô
ϵͳܷŹ㣿
̾˿ҲȥҲһЩǧѺദģΪҺշܺƽദ
ϵͳΪո˳軵ˣһҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬ΪһиõģͻȻˣԭֵýݺͻ¡ˣ֤㣬̧ͷ
ϵͳּһ䣬ôŮʱд޴Ů䣿
ţȼ˶־Բ˼˵ŮŮ
־ҪĴŮЩĴ£øߴĹ⻷ѹշ񡣡
ϵͳʾףɹ
־ϷˣԼոûס㣬շѹء
շոĳ谮Ϊ
˼һᣬԼҲȡոκ֧֣߳谮
ڶգһ磬ȥ̫̫밲һĹ¶Ц̫̫̫̫ţñȥϿΡ
ȥշˣշˣֵ񣬶˲ˮһŸǡ
ȥ£ĸĸȥһ롣
շ˵ʱ䶮˺ö֪࣬Ҫϸˡ
շҲĲۣı£ȴǿ
̫̫Ҳֵ³󣬵ռѪԽ̵оֹǲʲôˡ
շ̫̫˿佱ȴôǰջҩûкТ˳ǱТ˳佱
Ҳգס㸰ͻᣬڳͻϳɨأʱĸͲ
ֻҪոֻһŮһоͻָˡ
շţֽ̯м䣬дһҩ
ֻҪҩҩˣʧǣһЩ˼£ʱ


37 .  ׼   ׼
һѧ, ѾЦǱȥһˡ˵ϴ䱦իˣȥԴ, ȦڴС, ɽлƴȥٵһ
ȥʱշҲ, ˸ԴΡ
շף´˿ӣȥȽ, ϸԵӴЩ
շһƣȴǵǰЩȴ̫, ҲöͿͿ׵˪ǡ
շӿڵüǵñ, ȴǱˡҼǵһĸȥͻᣬʱһλ߹佫, ִֺֻ֣ȴ֪, ȥ˼˵, ˼ѹ˿, ǳΪȫЦء
շһƸϼ, ҿûŵ, ˿ֻҲЩˣЩϼôڣǽüӼ, ĥһĥٺͿ˪ɱ𵽵óϣһ֣Ҳ˼Ѹ˿
շһЦʵϵϼֿɰģ档
һЦ¸ũˣ˭ûֻϼˡҪСʱ򱻱ϼģǽ㣬ˡԣҪûб֪ʲôϼ벻ϼ룿ǽ㣬϶һϼ롣
շһɫ΢䣬ֻշ˸ǰֻ˵
㳯շ˵ĸףء
շæԲ˺ˣôˣ𶯲Сһ㣬һ£һ¡ûУѡ
κѣշҪ޸ġ
Գ٣ѾѺΣ˺ԺһʱվӿԼķɫֱֿ㺰֣ٳȥĤҩ
ؽͬһţȫ̶ҩĻƣÿҩûƵٲ˰װ쿴һŽҩ
ԺպһҩҲϸãֱԣ״һ飬ȷ죬Ÿ֡
ְЩɫ仹ǲ義ǹŮ׾˷֮󣬵׿ùȥˡ
һ˰磬ȴϲ׾ЩԽԽˣ˭һܿ׾졣
￴žԼЩ̾ϾʱȽϣЩء
򿴿ʱѧ磬Ѿ߹ȥշ밲
շţ֬һЩŽױ̨ǰָͿ˴֬
ͭ￴ԼֿշˣһЦĸףվӡ
շһվЩ㱣ʮФƣ˭һƣ֪ĸŮ
֣շ˵ָԼϣǰ£ιһλһվֻпԷ֪λȴĸסкüΣ̫֪࣬ΪΣ־ˣй󸾻ʱλһֱй󸾣֪Ѫǣ
շ˵ϧ֮ĴŮܾһӸöಹǡ
ԼΪܼ˻飬һȫϣŮЩ
ţ˸»ˣһиĸأɲٽܿˡ
˵ţֵҲʮˣѵ䣬пҪѡʲôķô
ͻᣬʵһ׻ᣬķǣȫ۾ҪΪŮԼʱҲð񶨼λѡ
룬ԼҪŮˣλУһԼʩΪ
һµŮʱ̫񼲿࣬ԸгһܹҪһѣǹúЩ
ӾпշɫŵϣҵķһԸ
շ˲ʧЦǹ񼲿࣬Ҫһͬķ
ͷգ۾ȻҪúÿҪǳóĻ͵ٿǿǡ
շЦһûͦࡣ
ˣշ˺֣Ըӣȥһ£ܹܲһݳͻ
һ׼Ϊ񶨷ѡ
շ˵ͷЦŽҪ˵ˣֵ֪ģΪǻʵ뷨Եȵ֪̽һ˭Сɾ뷨ʱ뷨ӽ
һ˿ΣȴߣǰѾ裬Զ˵Ůٸǰ
Ůٽӹ裬Цʵǿҵв׵ģ
Ѿ뿪ŵѧ˽һ¹֮£ָ֪ܷһ
Ůһɫһⲻ֪ġ
æ͵Ӧѧ˼ˣѧţֻ֪мŮл񼲿ࡣ
ѧ³֪˿Է֮ϣڸλ˹һǵļࡣ
Ů̵շӴ֪ЩͬѰĻһۣͷֻ˽мŮǿԸ㡣
ŮڹеŮ٣֪ģȻշҪ࣬һʱ˵ģ˵ˡ
ʵ۽ʮ壬ϥ¹ʮŮ׵Ҳۣھóģȴƽ
Ůٿһֵ̫ûˣ񴢾֮λδĸΣķ
˵ϣִһۣԼЩҸĸЩ˵ģ˵ߣԼ˼
æл˺Ժȴϵͳ͡һЦˣĪ뵱
ɫһ࣬ҲҲֻ֪оơĴŮüǣ뵱ŮȵôһҲǣϣвš
ϵͳȷʵͦࡣ
շǱߣһݳͻ˿ȴɻҲܼмûڣ
Цˣֻǳ¼˲ֱͣЩ֪ÿظıûг¼һЩλȨصģҲҳϡ
շ˱ͷ곤ͻᣬƽ߸ŽҲһ¼ģݵȷϢ֪ǻ֣ҲҰǳ档
շ˵λδҹӲ˼Ҳлпɡ֪⼸һḰ磬Եȴ⼸λƷò飬ʱҲԿǡ
˵̾Ϣܼ˻飬۽磬ֻƲҹ˼л⼸λӣʱѰ졣
ϻزٲȻϼףĵô
շ˿Цһ룬̽ڷ磬͸¶˼ӵûйһ˿ҲƲء
һ˻飬Ͳ˵ףҪģɾˡ
շ̾Ϣôֲ꣬ܿ࣬ҪΪټ
ͻڵˡ
һ磬ɵ˰װ硣
װãȴˡ
ȴշ쿴ﴩġ
ŵϷˮɢȹͷܽع٣Σɨü㴽
ֿϣʽÿ׺ϼʯ黨¡أ֬عͿЩá
շѾߣҲǽϣ۹⣬ţ˼ٸʰһ
ʰãշ˴
շҲټ쿴һ飬һʱշδȥߡ
ᣬշȴǲѾߣϵղغһֻСɰ
Уѧ㣬ҲѧҩΪƣѧһЩӰ˵ĶߣЩѧĶгһսó
ţϵͻȻһЦУһĳͻϣᵽξЩģ֪ľʱ̣Ҳ֪ʱ볡ֻҪԼлᡣ
һΣҪ
һ
ע⵽Լ


38 .  ɫ紺   г
շĴ, ˿?ʮɳȹ˰ٻ, 价嶣, ټУɫϸ, ۲ˮʱ˲Ͱȥ
շ̺˲ɰ, Ͼڷϥ¶꣬òɱȡ
̺ȴòҲŮԽǹȥ
˲֪Ƚˡ
һ˳, Сʱ͵˳ǰ
ǵʵ۵Ľ, ֮ʱŻʵ, ʵ۵λʮ־λ, ٳ
ÿͻ, Ǿʢ, һΪ١
ſӭ͵һλۼոææӭЦҪշ
շһ, ڳ, ȴͶԼֵ
ۼ⣬úλ, ЦϲֵһλŮ
շЦϢͨ
Ц˻ջ߶Щգ
ں˶շ飬⣬ʹ֪շҺͳЩһ仰շֳ˳Ԫÿ궼ҪТһǮ
һ·Ŀ覽ӣĵǳҲ̫ˡ
շ˴շ˻ܿиŮʷǽȥݼ
ʮ꣬һˣһշ˴ŮЦֵһλŮǴһˡ
շϣЦСŮǣò׾裬ʲˣͻᣬҲԥҪҪһ룬Ҳü棬Ŵˡ
ֽǰϸһۣЦⲻǸ㳤úôò׾ˣ̫ǫ˺ӡ
˵ţʲô֣˵³󣬵˾пɹߣ
һش
ӳڳҲշ˵⺢ӲöЩ
շһߣԴֻշ˺ֱһߣһĲɼ尾֮
˵˼仰һʱпշ˱ˣշһųȥȥ԰һ𻨡
ֽģȴܽĸлϡ
лϵĸǳùĸлϵĵܵܣȢ˳ֶŮΪޣźü׾졣
ܽҪףͰһЩԭ򣬱˳ΪǺѧʿְλ󣬱˲ûнᵳӪ˽շҺһܽռ֮Ůշס
ռͻȻŮ˵շǱŮ׮£ȻҪ
ΪϱܼȴвͬΪ³ֻ¼ʶǳôĸŲ
ճͻᣬл϶շ˱شͬλŮǰҲض½˷ϣʼ¡
һµţռŮҪռҽףŮҲС
лϵܹίˡĸüαסֻ¹ҪѡΪ򼱴ҴҶףЩ꣬ռŮһֱģ˵Ҫһ˶ףҲģÿɷ񡣵Ҳ֪ռŮ⣬һףһʱûж±Ļ£˼ǡ
л˵Ĺǵʵ谮ƽ
ƽʮ꣬񻹲ѡʵΪͷš
ƽҲͷˣƽǸӡ
л̾ǽƽǡ
˵һ룬ææֹסһۣûбˣɿԼŽĻ£˯ãЩ˼ˡ
ûн죬ֻȲ裬εˣǻȥʽ꣬Ҫշ䶯ȢշաȢңƽϢ˼ҲЩ¶
лӦˣҲЩ޿κΡ
ȻѡŮΪѣ³󣬼ʶоֹܸھгշȣҽշ׶꣬䵭ģҲЩ
԰շˣæͬշǰݼ
һǡ˵շЯ֣ϸһշ˵Щüۻûأһָò㵱껹ڡ
շЦһҲ
л䣬ȴη˴μˣʵҼľأǲͻ᣿
η̾ÿԲҲֻűͻỨ󷢻
λ˵μƱ㣬ҴȥǱ߿
շҲλѣһ˵
ǰ֪ԼŮշһֱڼУϳȥˣӵҲв
ԿЦŮ£Ӧ˰ɣ
æסշֻཻ֣֪ĺѣŮŮɡ
շһֻཻ֣꣬㻹֪ôб䣬Ͳ£
շ΢ۿԼǡ
͹걧޶ֲĴ
շλѴ԰һʱΣȴǰЩ֮ǱҼƽϡ
͹һﰲο
˵Ż̧ͷȥԶ
øȣԶˣҰġ
ҲէȻһƣüǸĸЩ񣬿ֺݣ·ּֿ˵ЦʱҲ֪죬Ĵֱɡ
أ˵ˣܽ궨׶꣬˵׾ҪôռңܼңʱܼҵˣŮŮģ˭û¶𣿡
һἰºܽ꣬շ̬ȻֵҸܼŻ£ֻҲǲˣԺ
͹סˣܼҾҪ˻ô
һߣμָ԰оһܣЦ㣬ϻؼЩţʵ³ġ
ЦＸѾҲ˵
μߵһ࣬սߵ㣬һţ˵ܼ˵㣬Ķ㡣
һⲻܡĶģ˵
μƵұҴĶġ
һ£Ӧ𣿡
ܽģβӦĸʣǰʡ
ֻûףȻδֲҴӦӦġ
μƻ̽һ̧ͷͻȻסˡ
˳ƹȥҲסˡ
԰аٻʢʤգӻתһˣȴȰٻޡ
˴ɫֱ֣ϵһ֬壬ɫ紺
ϵͳ֣쿴λɫ㣬ҿЩУʲô
ϵͳ㲻ô
һе죬ϸƣšһҼˣСʱڻ۱ºɽλСУʱСǼòû뵽ò˭ֵס
ϵͳֹȴμƳ˳
μƵˣԶˡ
һһƼĴС
μһͻȻЦЦϵδ򡣡
Ծܽꣿ
μƵͷ



39 .     ЩŶ
һתͷ, Ҳܽˣһʱշ˵λδŮʵ̫ۣ궨, С˰ޡ, ˵һҪްޡ
ηҲҿҲСɾҪǶòɾ, ۾ֻǣҪ껪ϽͶˡ
⻰, ָƺӰƽΪܽ꣬񲻿϶׵¡
˲Ͻ죬շȻҲ졣
շЩη˶໰
û, ֮ǰǰμľŮѡ֮һ, ׾ԴҲܼ, ŮҪЩ
ţμľЩ, 佫, رõѡ
һ, ŮǰƷĸߵ˵³, Լơ
, Ҳüõķأ
շ˼Ȼη˱㲻䲻ˡ
ηȴļ׶ӱֳһλȤ, Ҳ֪᲻¶ϣ
ţȴתߣһ
շ˺ηҲƹȥǳϱϱӳﱧһֻѩʨں档
ϵĶһͷ÷װ԰֣ڴ˻Ҫµء
շ˺һ޶Χ£ȥʤÿɿ죬ϻؼŲŷһ㣬ôˡôģ
Ц֣Ҫֲµء
һͷշϻ˵Żߵһڡ
⴦ԵĻժ
ͱϻߢһ䣬Էͷϡ
շҲߢһ䣬ȴֻڰ棬һ߿Զ
μƺ˵ŻҲ߹һ߽͵֮ǰͻʱѯܷߢ԰ֲר˲ߢᶨߢġ
շμ㺰һЦͱϻλλλǻᣬԺ߶ܻᾭʶһ¡
շǰ󷽣ȻҲʮòЦͱϻʺá
μƸ䲻ҲʶõģȻҲк
һʱμߢ˻Ҫȴշȡ
շֿ죬ԼߢĻͷϣЦμƵ󣬸ķΡ
μԲһЦѻԼͷϣǱߵη˿֪лҪԼ㳯˸һתˡ
ﲢշһһתҲˡ
תһȦ԰˽࣬һҲϵãߵǰһĳˡ
⴦˳ŸʽϹˮ˶˿˿ȡ
ԱϵģһˮʱˮӳԼͷϵĻշģһʱЩ־ȡڽ䡣
˻ָ䷢ƺл㣬Щķ
һʱѾ߶һ˾ֵˮȥϴϴӲɾ֣Ĵһ̲շˣһߵĳоŵľµġ
˼ҪҪû˹ٳһģͻһ̧ͷȥȴһֻѩʨСһĳ棬굽£ͷһһʲڵµĻˡ
ܿģһѧ޶׷ŹСҪ漸ϱģЦ˵ʤԼûȣҪˣ
֪ô£ͻȻڳȥüԶһ˦ϵëƺԷꡣ
С޶Цֳ׷ȥ
λϱֻͻû˹ԹϹһģȥ׷޶
ֻţͻȻһĪ˾֮ġ
⹷ʲų˻Ƕ仨շͷϵġ
ͷûתֻ꣬ѩʨһٵأͻȻһתëըſ죬ڼС޶ȥ
ˣɫէ䣬Ҳ룬ץһֹֻ˹ȥ
ѧͶַ׼һֹǡǡþʨӹʨӹءһ֭ˮ磬˻
͵һӰһ̧߷ʨӹһֻѳС޶˲˺ٴһ𣬲Զ˸ѸƷʨӹ
ˣλϱŷС
С޶ߣԶ˹ȥŷ֣С޶ģܽС
Ʒʨӹģװ磬Ӧǳ
Գ٣һˣƷѹؽʨӹȫ˳ǰ
λϱأɪɪϸ˵ֻ˵ѩʨͻȻһʱӦ
ϱŶӣһ߰һ¡
ܽȴǼʲ游ˣҪȥӭ·ʳԶǡüѩʨʤǰʤ
һ£ָһߵϸ˵ʤģӦλʱΣ˷ֹѩʨʤҪҧһڡ
ڰǰõĳԣȥʱѩʨըëǰģ֪ǡֱзֹȥˡ
ҲЩ£ԼǶ仨Ļ᲻Լ
£ϲ˵
˵ˣƳշ񣬵ͬʱҲ漰ոˣʱԼĸˣҪۡ
˵ˣ߲Ƕ仨⣬ֻԼأ
ֻѩʨ﷢˻һײӣͷײѪ
Ըȥιģʲô˰ա
ӦˣӸˡ
ϱʤǰܽлǣȻʤҪһ١
лʤڻ˯ˣһʱҲҽֻԼʤȥá
˴߼λϱ˵ǹ
ҲҪˣȴס
Ҹǽһ¡
ǰָָܽλ֮ܽꡣ
иܹӡ
һЦܽպŮˡ
ܽ꿴һ˵ͷǴк
ЩŶ
ƷЩҽʤһ
ôһô׼
䣬ֻѧͶʮͶУֹȺЩһҲʨӹˡ
ֺϲ裬Ҳܾˣһߡ
æл
һʱʲôվԸܽһյ裬һл˵
һߣֻʣܽЩŹ֡
续δ򣬿˾ҳ֡
ܽ겢ֻٲ豭ĬĬԺȲ衣
һߣշ԰Сڵһֻ
һһ·СΪ׵һϤζѭζͷ򻨴ڣһװ˶һͷһǴӻڼ
ΪԼģҲΪ⣬Ȼһ·˵ǰߡ
ͤڣԸߵȥһ飬˭ģ
Сʱ£²ˣպŮշġ
ʵܽ궨λô
Ӧǡ
ӻŵǶһᣬȤˡ
썆


40 .  ޹   ɫ
̫, ЩĿһܽ꣬ۺȲ, 䲻ԲЦ, ˻޹䣬һʱ̲סһ, һۡ
ȣδʵ̫ÿˣ̲ס࿴ô죿
̧ܽ, ײ
⧲ܽϣ˲æҪŻŶ豭, ææһڲ, ֲ̫̣˼ڴиǰ³, ֻáһȥתͷȥ, ͷ, ȡ
, ɫң
ܽѻ۽ȣɫ۲һתͷͷ, 㴹, װ
ﵥദΪģǸһ۲
游ѸռŮŮ, ԵռҽףжؿֻŮչ鲻ѡҪҪŮﶨ¡
ûԲûش
游˵һʱ֮ѡ
ռˣ˵ʵھƵŮУﲢڣ˵ۡ
˵ʲˮʤһᣬӦ죬ر鶯Եڲͬ
ܽĬĬһ̾䲻ϲշ񣬵Ҳûᣬһ˻飬շ񴦾Ȼѿ
²豭תͷһֶˡ
ٴκĿڡˡæתͷԼδĪҪҿĪҪ롣
ܽһο΢΢֣ţôеأĪĶŶˣշˣôһƣ졣
ҲСʱڻ۱һԥƬ̣Ǿᡣ
Сʱòڵòб仯ԷӦûϳҶԷδҲס
ٳδأôŲ˵Ҳǰ취ӲͷƤڵܹȥ̽󣬲ȥԺʷȴˮ˾ְ
ܽꡰšһʾ
ʱż˸ũ֪ˮҪԣˣ꾰ʧգӶἫѹÿģǷ˳һùٶϿˡ
ܽһ̧ۣڿڵ£Զ˵˵
ѽģеǻ⡣
˵ֿ̾ϢصˮƵʡЩղա
ıصˮܽѯʡ
ѽصģҪô˵أ
˵Դסһֻֻ֣Ÿҿ
Ҫ»ᱻȥ
Ŷˣ˼ܿͱҼʱҪһȥӱϴڼҪһƬС֣һСһλүӣүƺܶ͸һӺһͲˮүӳ꣬ÿ쾭СͣӣЩ¡
ൽе飬һ̧ͷܽŵүӽĹˮʱ֣үӵ֪ϵ٣ֽһЩܿˣóһҡ
ңμסܸ˵ҲĬдգ顣
ҵ֪ؼҵǱҲȥˣÿնĶҪϾʱǱȴˣ֮ڱʼҵһűϳүӵıʼ˵ջˣԺûúѧģһѡ
ܽͷβϸڣһʱɻ£
ǰһˮţʧˣѵģһ
λүӣǲĸʿ
ֻҪһλСŮ޴Щ
ܽ˵Ĺ˳һ飬кüɵ㣬ΪȻ죬йؼ֮û¶ʵ顣
һȪҳμ棬θ˵£
ﱻһʧ꣬ææ㶨񣬼ѧʶκΪŮӣȨְ޴ְְܹˮ˾Ȼ˼ߣҽ֪֮¸ܹӣܹܽΪϺӡ
ܽ국չ˵ĹУ©Ķࡣ
һװίôһ£ҵһθˡ
ͷȻһһͼܹӣܹȥʵʩһǲǱͨá
Ѿ߽̲裬ܽԸֽ
ѾӦˣܿýֽīʣԱī
ǰţٿһͼֽһһ֣ػͼ
īɣãݵܽǰ
ܽӹչ˿Щ΢״ЩҪǣмҪطϸ˳ߴ硣
ǹЩˣ̶ʱ̣ҲδܻƳ˵ͼֽ
ﻹվܽǰչп׵ĵطҿٽ˵
ܽͷüҲף֮Чһ߹
ϲʱͼײ峤֪£ûһ˿϶һ䣬ȫ˵࡭
ͼֽʸ֪أ֪ؿҲֱˡ
û뵽ܽȴԴ¡
ʩллܹӡ
ܽͼֽ̧ͷСͻȻʵǰǲǼ


41 .  ԭ   Ҫѡ˭
Ｑȡܽ, ȥ¾̹ס
˫¸Ҷܽߣ, ʮǰ, գ۱, ɽ£ذףǡ
·׵, ܽЩ΢죬ԭ㡣ǰһذ׺ǣֹʤһ, Ҳˡ
ͷ, ҡ
ܽͼֽվʩһ, չ, ҿܻɥǸ
ذ, һɥ
ܽ꿴ҽС, ³ͻȻȴжǣ˼, ܾչ, ͬУ
װԻҡͷҵʱСǲϸ, ֻ֪ܹһذ״̽С
ܽٴλһ鵱£عչȷȻűǷһݴ顣£˵ܹĻ
Ī뵽һ仰֮
С˲һ죬Ҳæ㶨˺ܽ걣־룬ŵϣܹӾ
ܽŮǰʧ̬¼СҲΪ棬ֻԻᾡ죬չб𣿡
ҡͷĿǰ¡
ܽͷãһᾡչԺҪȻԸҡ
ﵱл
ԱϣŲתͷһȴǳˣշˡ
շһæǰסϸûˣһһߵ˵÷ֹ˷ѩʨʤһ
һܹ֮ӵһžʤ
ܽʱǰݼշˣϾûףշȻϵδĸ
շ˶ܽδŮǧģܼԻûһ˵ܽ꣬Ҳµͷ
ѷԸýһڣշ˵ʹģǰױˡ
շ˾ϲæл
ͣۼЩ̬ĸŮǳ
һţշ˱ϸѯξʤϸڡ
һһ˵ˡ
շﵽóǰӦԵģܽ굥ദȡ
˵ˣԼܽСʱʶҲԼͼֽ֮ܽ¡
շȴ˼²ⳤͼ
ܽദһ
ĪǣŻ²Ҫһܽ࿴һǷˣ
ʲſ̬ܽȴϲŭҲ²˼
Żµס
շ̾˿Ůʮˣϲû£ܹҪܼ
һᣬܽҲ׼ˡ
ȴǺסʵΣ
֪ܽųĸ񣬵ҪףһҲ»䣬ͽҲ⡣
һµĻɡ
ûжʵ֮շأ
ܽʵʵ˵ȱ㡣
û¶һ򣬲ɰ̾⺢Ƕռλûаˡ
û취ʱףƽزŻʵҪͻ飬ʱɾ鷳ˡ
˵䣬ܽǳֱȥ顣
֮鲢һͻͤ˵
ǰŮˣ˲ǰ׸顣
Ц£飬ǸеĲ衣
ӹ裬һڣͷ㣬Ҳ
һЦԺݲŮ͸
ȴǶ˲裬ͤ⾰ɫ¸̾ĻԽԽˡƴʢ֪ʥ¡ֻ֪¾λܷˣ
㶦¸˭æվӵģԺǻᱻҡ
ް볤֪볤ܣܼң֪һϡ
⴬˵ʱᷭ
Ҫβܱסһأ
ǣȴԣճ˵Ц
һʱܽˣ
飬һϵζ΢΢һ㶣йʱϵζԴйûˣ㻻ζŴζأ
һܽ꣬ȴһЦϻȥฮ磬ʱǵôţ
Ц˼ˣǽ꣬˵ǽӣҪˡฮǰһˮһѣˡ
Ц˵£ҲЦһߵ˵񡣡
⴦æתƻ꣬ʲȥ˺δ٣
ܽ˵ʤ㱻ѩʨҧһڵ£ἰ
һȤϸʼ״
вշռŮҲȤͬ
ܽ˵ϣռλŮòԣ㹻
Ҳôһʱ̣ץ˷ֹȥǡǡÿʨӹӦȷǹ죬ͶҲ׼
л䣬ƽƽͬͻ߸β
ǰմӱɽׯҪֲ죬˭Ҳˡ
ԣȻһۣ⻹Ҫܽ굱¡
鵱ǾΣܽס
ʤ֮££صͻᣬñ硣
ܽУϱ˵
ҲϻֱӵѼк뷨
ܽðΣû뷨
ܹ̾Ҫѡһѡշѡ
ܽ갵̾һ˵ʵշ׶꣬ײ̫ѿճ
յ֪СʱһͬɱǵСŮޣֻһֺͼһ׮ù£Ȥ
һ̧ͷҲûж˭ϲЩ¾ͽ游游ĸĸ
ܺʷ飬ἰ¾ʤ£˼䡣
飬Ķաô˵ѪŮܹŮҪЩ
ܺʵñҪƽƽţĻ£ԥˣҪҪ磬ó׳ס
лϵҽʹ˼Ҳ˵Լ˼
Ƭ̣İ͸Ϊ֪ռңϻ顣
ոУշ˵£Цۼһиģǵ˳ۣʹڡ
㻹θ磬Ц¿ɷ˰գ
շЦŵͷȴշ񣬡һֵģ
Ĭһ£ʵܽûм 
շ˵أֻϺ꣬ǣ˵䣬ûˡ
հգŻǸʲ𣬸˻գҲø㡣
˵ŻϴЪ
շڷȴδЪϸϸ˼֮£Цܽĸ׽ҲͻᣬȴԼûһ˿Ҫ˼ܼŻ£ȷʵǲˡ
УҲ̫ˣȻûз񣬶ǹˡ
ҧﻹƾžʤһأ˳ʶô꣬Լùһͣ
շųλӣ
Լ˺ɰ󣬴Ǵط֮󵽻ȥƣС
ӦûʣŲú󣬻ԼԼ
һԼб˵
ܹзεġ
ܼҪףǵʱң
շ޺ޣŮΣʲôطŮˣҳʱ㡭
ܽ꣬ЩһֱģҪףҶҪر㡭
ڷͬûаЪΧǶڣ̾ӣԲͨһŶֵƣĪ˵ôһˡͣҪϣһء
պͬ̾ţһʱڣСţ
ȴǶ仨ģշ֮ǰ˵ҩΪֶߣû뵽и߸ġ
Լǰ񣬳˳ˣԼᱻռҵˣʱ׺ĸײĸԼһ
Һ커ӣԼʱǶ仨շвϲժڵ£ֻǿֻʨӹԼ˹
˵շǿʲôأƵǷʤ
Ҷӹ?
ţš
շӦǶҩҩԼҲôѧЩҩ
ϵͳͻȻڵ㣬ҲѧЩ
ŶŮ㣬㶾ءһշҲ㡭УԼҲѧ
ڶһ磬շ£ȴӱˣˡ
շһ겻ڣҲûʲô£ε
ѽˣܼУæ׵ġ
շһָֻܿװЦӳȥӭˡ
˼շˣȴЯ֣ЦͰǰǻ£Īǡ
շһɿЩͷԣæ˽˵
˲裬ŵ˼ܽ궨ʱеռѪ˵շŮĶŮΪϱ
һ£շˣմһأǲǼ绻˻飬д֣
շЩԼĶ䣬ܼҪףǻˣ
ô죿


42 .  Ҳϡ   ֮
շѸȨ, ʹӦˣȴԼҲøҼ̫̫ү
ЦȻ, , ξظܼ˵, ҴӦˣټƸ񡣡
շԣƶЩ, ׶꣬ͻȻҪˣռܹЩѿ, ҼҲ˵, Ҳֳ֪ʲô
˱ǽ֮ãܼȻϣѪŮ, ŮٺãײѪġ˵, ܼұ׼ӭ, ˵Ů, ŮҲΪţһ, ǻҶ, ίȫŮҼȫҵ棬Ҳȫҵ, ˴˺úÿٽԵ
֮ԣ¶ΣܼңܼѾҪάˡ
շˣҲٱԹֻһٶлһˡ
ˣշ˱㼲ȥ̫̫˴¡
̫̫⣬ѿڵܼҾ³ģǳӵһ޹ȥҪĸ帾ģӼأҾô
շ˵ھǻᣬѼͻᣬܽҲһ棬ԼĿ˵ǰܹѧЩأ¹źʧܼܽĸ״һʱҲὫصƽܵĸǻᣬҲĲˡ
̫̫Եͷһʱֵշּ̾һˣֻҪأ׶꣬ͻȻ£ѿһհģӣҪ˵ˣĶٸһĻ£˶ܹ꣬Ҳ̫ί
շ˵ͷһͻᣬҵǿ˺üҶɣֻǼǱģײܽӡƫԸߣûйҲƲϣָѰˡҼ޵ҪǸܼҲ̫࣬ӣⲻ˻ᱻ٩澡ʧ
˵ţ򴽣ǰյֳţ˵ҪϾСҲһǷ⣬ͬǰСסһٻأ˴ɨһլԺԱʱס¡ţֶδףйȲܽ꣬ʤڼҵĺҿʱܲܡ
̫̫һǵͷ˳Ԫǽ֯죬Ҳְ֯кϼףǺ¡
ϱϣԺ˸Ҳ¸֪
ǹϣΪҹζ࣬ͻظܼңǸϽ飬ػˣҲٷˡ
ϣ˼ν¸֪λŮ
ǶҲˣϾϲ£շǶҪ˵أ
շ˵շУǲߵѾߣշ֣ݺģܼҾ˵ˡ
ΪշϻΣûϵշ꣬ɫԲ԰ףȴûп֡
շУοĸ׶ΪѰһź£Ȼί㡣
շշ˻Уſ޳δˣ
շıСһ
շޱϣĨĨˣһĸ׵ġ
շԣۣ̾Ҿ֪㶮¡
˵ţ¾ԭȸշ׼ǷݼױҲȻš
һݣﱸǡ
շгշ˻ԼԺУһȥ
ܿˣżշ񵥣Цʵĸ׺ҹҪҰæô
ǿˣһ¡շֺǰǰˣŸ˵⣬ǳЩˡʱ̫С°̫⣬ƫ۾󣬵Եӵ˵⣬öˡ
շƷһЦĸлֱ˵
շһЦıӵˣ˵ܼУ뻻㵱ܼϱ
ɶЩ¡
շ˼ãȻЦܽҲˣԺδˡ
ڷӦɶĹѪҲҪԼˣδԼδ
ֱӣɫշ˵ĸף׮»ҲԸ⡣
շˣ
ʲôԸ⣿
շ˵ɫΪû壬ظһҲԸ⡣
շ˴˴һֵǣǲ֪Щ°գܼǿǡ
շ˵ĻĸףҲ֪ܼȨΣȴˡܽ游֮һĸǰǳɣڱ¸ǰ£ĸ׳Ҵлңȥ̽ʥ裬ǣ˻ӣҲɾˡ
շʹĵȾ֪βԸ⣿
֣صˣҲ뱻ܼ˵˾ͻˡŻ±ǽģͻȻңκҰʱţֻҪһԭǽҲĶ¡
շˣ˵ʵ³󣬵ײھгĹŮ㣬ܼŻ£Ժôһţֻ²ܡ˵ˣܽòƷԳڣҪףеףǼұףҲãҲã˵ˡ
Ųһӣշ֣ĸף˵ҷԸ⡣
շˣ⺢ӣ㡭
ϽµأһĸףȻطˡ˵һˡ
շô
̫̫ﲻԸܼҽףҲǴסˡ
ǿܼңǿܽ꣡
Ҫûܾܽ꣬˵⣬ܽˣþܾ
̫̫⺢ǲɵŵҵĻ£Ҫ
շ˿ЦЩһʱȴȰת
̫̫յҲɵó㸸ĸļӣ
˵ŷԸֵȥһˡ
ڷоŵĺһܼҾ˲ôܽôϡô
ûܽһʧľɫУһӴȴ֪䣬ײ飬Լף²ԺҪ¸ͣ
ⲻǼ޸Ǽ޸ʱҪء
ԼҪŮˣʱ̷з
ҲԼʧȥġ
˼룬ȴֽˣ˵̫̫ȥһˡ
ˣĸҲҪȰ˵ˡ
ҡͷµػѣճţ̫̫Ժӡ
˿̣շҲ̫̫Уɫ졣
ææ밲ֽӹѾеĲ裬׷̫̫
̫̫ӹ裬ʾ£֪Ǻ¡
ڣҲװɵֻõŮ֪ŮԸ⡣
̫̫ɫˣĸ֮ԣý֮ԣɵԼԸⲻԸ⣿һ۰֮⣬㵹ˡ
շԲΪá
ȴֱӵܼģ㻹Ը⣬ǲˣ
һŵؿȻվףҿŮôңϡܼңҪϡܼҡܼ㲻ҪԺʲô£֪ҲҪ˼ңΪҪޣ
˵ţһºᣬһӵռҲҴ壬ڳΪ٣ܼ𣿲еֱӾܾŻô


43 .  鷿   һ
ͻȻֹ̧, ѽȻŮй
ڹٳĥ, ʧ, Ůᣬ˲𵱳ʱ, ʱڳ̽ҲƢԡ
ԴӻŮܼŻ±òȷ, һΪ»ûʧʱܼ𣬽Ůţʲôλԡ
ռҲ, Ҫ, һҪίŮأ
΢΢̫̫ĸ, ֮ɵܼһ, , Ҫܼһͷ, ţҲ̧ͷܼãż, ׮²ҪҲա
̫̫Ůҷ, Ӿת˼һʱᣬİ, ˣܲǵ£ǰҲš
շ̫̫Ǩŭһȥһ
һֻøǻط
һߣ̫̫ĸϢŭⷬһһЩ£ܼռҲ⣬ֱ˻ǣҪˣ³󣬱ȲþǹŮ֪ô˼Īɣʹܼҷǵܽһͷ²ɣ
շһһҲһЩĴţǰƽܽꡭƽûء
̫̫ҲһЩ֪꣬ڣһʱεˣ׮¾˰ա
µİŮܽ갮ãܶܽ꣬ܶôһֲãռҲҪԹ䡣οأ
ڶգ糯󣬱˵ӵܼңԵԺܼҰݺ顣
˵Ӻ󣬻ظүڸУ˵ʱү
ͷֺ̫̫շ鼸䣬š
ҪݺƶһгģظԸ⻻ˡ
˱ˣЦԳȥӭ
ӭ鷿˷裬Ȥһմ˵ļææˡ
ֵ¹СŮȷʵļ
龲ġ
ǲæˣȶ˲һڣŵתĻҺͷһʮԸ⣬ĸһֺСŮȥ֪һ׼ױ⺢³ʮԵ걾δͻȻҪԼδԽԵԼò׾䲻ý꣬ͬŻ¡
̾Ϣһ˼ȥҲ䲻Ͻ꣬ǿŤĹϲ飬Ż¾գ˻飬ԻѵƸ˻ܹǱŮ£鲻ǰӣҼźá
һҪ˻飬˵ʮƯί
˼ȴǴ⣬ûϵռҾԸ˻飬ҲԸ⻻ˡ
һתմˣ˵ˣȴͬ⻻ˣֻСŮԼԸ⣿
ͷǡСŮ³ľЩĸĻҲ޿κΡ
飺СŮҼĶľˣǲ뻻ˣŮĻ¡
һ˲мƽϣЦеգȰ˵ҲȰתʱա
С˽꣬Ļ᲻Ը⣿ѹ֪¡ֻФôһᣬСԼɿڣǻͷ
˲ſڽ࣬ηСŮС飬ֻ´𲻳ʲô
һǼ֣ҴŲġ
ʮΣֻõͷ
Գ٣˸˵Ļ̫̫շ˵ˡ
̫̫շ𾪣ʲôҪȰ˵
ҪԼҲǴһ
ϵͳֹţû游³Ȱ˵˼ҹ˼ҹӦµϷ롣
ϵͳԺдһһҪЩڣͬ
ͷֻһûпɽĵط֪Ȱ˵Ҫβҽе
ϵͳΪԵġ
ߡһ֣ҷֻԲĴûһʵԵĽ顣
ϵͳ㳤ˣԼ뷨ʹʽ顣

ڶգﵽܸܿ˳ǽ鷿
Ѻˡ
һҲлֱʵ㸸Ե㲢ͬŻ£д£
﹧ȷ£֪ɣ
飺ССﵨ֪ͦݣӳҷʡ
Цеβͬأ
䲻
ҡͷǼҼȻףȻΪϡŻ£㲻ضǡСҽԼ㣬仰ҲԳ⡣
˵ţζϣΪԼ˵Ǹ˱֤СʱӦûתͷˣ֤СԼԸ⣬ռҪŮ޽뻻Ů
ţתͷֱӵܼг⣬ȺҼҽףͷʽʽףŻ˵һ֣һʽҲûоͻˡʲݣ˵ʲô⣿ռҡ
鲻ССݣ˸˵һʱҭסˡ
ɫţû˵°ˬ
Ȼʱķ緶£ϥ£ĸط䲻ܽˣ
عͻȻЦˣܺúܺãСﵨӴ󣬼ܼҪϱѡ
֪ģΪ³ģطŸҶײңص񣬵һٶ˫ϥһ˵С
֮ǰҲһҪѡϱôһҪˡ
ЦϵˣСԣֻҪܼҽףףͻӦˣ
һûأ˵աһʮкʵ˼ףȻӦУɲһֱҡ
飺Сﲻ󵨣˵Բء̫ҪһСΪˡ
˼תÿ죬һʱͺմˣҳȥһߣС侲һ£ٺú룬ǻʱ͸ıء
Ҳʮֵ飬´һãֹֻסˬ
ԴŮؾ챻·ţǳ˿
ܼҪռŮǻϴӦء
ȥ鷿ֻʣһˣɺ鷿ĸ֣ۣ࣬鷿ôǱߺüܣ֪ʲô顣
ܸü鷿鷿ӦǴ͵鷿鷿
֪鷿Ǻģ
ԥҪҪ߹ȥƣнŲһʱ΢侲ʱộôͻˣ
ţһ޹䣬ſڳֵģܽꡣ
ܽ鷿չˡ
æվܹӡ
չ̧ܽ۴¶вͬ۸С
游ԵͬŻ£ֱ游
ܽе̾游ˣ࣬һ
ܽС󣬱游ĸΪӣϣԼҲɹˣڻͷȴź
Լ˼Ȼһλ֪ˣΪƽʾãǾͻˣҴΪշЩ꣬ÿշк⣬ֻ޿κΡ
շŮ游Ϊףɿ游ἰĶ
ʲţ游˸鷿̸˵䣬˽⡣
ܽչﶥײ游
ŴУֻõǵģܹкμ̣
ܽ΢΢һЦһʱԡ
۴£ת˻⣬չｻҵͼֽѽ࣬죬պгɹ
ﾪϲô죿
䣬һߺ̸һⲻԶڹһϻ⣬ˣѺСˡ
ţĲòֻҪ̸ʲôᶯĵġ
ͷСŻı⣬ߴӦ¡
鷿УܽˮģԵô˵ȱｽũʡʱʡ°빦Ҳˡ
ܽϸʵҲǴǱʿ˵ıпģ
ͷǡ֪
ܽ룬ûͼֽƾһ˵Щѡ
Ϊѣˮͼֽ̫ӣֻȴ
ҲֻûֱӻͼֽҲûгߴ硭
ܽһµȻչﵽһˣ㵱ܷ
һףһ⡣
Ҫͷܼҽռ˻飬ܽȥ࣬᲻ᡭ
ˣʱͲˡ
һһ˼ңܲܽͼֽܻõܷܵɰ׵һˣͼֽ㡣
ܽͷҲá
ܽһСãϲʽͼһֱԼЩֻ³˵ɥ־ţְֱˮ˾࣬ڽŪһ䷿䣬һչ֡
ֻЩС⣬ñƼ
˵ʲôˮСЩ֮ͬ
ߣԼһֵˮչƣǲǸڱƵơ
˸£̸ʱжϣ䡣
㳯ԥҪҪҸס
ܽˮ֮£ֽ⿪һֻССƣģչֻţҵܵܣ㣬ɳƵҡ


44 .  ƽ   
ûн, ҡҡͷܹӵҲš
ܽ΢΢һܿ, Ȼϵ, վչԱ㡣˵ϱˡ
һȦ鷿ʱų˼
ýŲ, æӭ
ʾ£Ѿ߽裬ʵСô
վشǾ仰, ܼг⣬ۡȻ³󣬵ҲռŮϣ, ǻס
ٶȴ, վ飬ʱҲ, ȸǡ
Ҳֻͳ⡣
Ůø, ȥ̫̫շ, ˵֮¡
, ڷиϵͳ̬ܽȣܲȻռңֱ˻ͺ, Ϊ뻻أҲܼϡҡ
ϵͳ, ѵϡ
︧ĿڵҺø棬Ϳͼʱ, Ҳӿ죬ֿסҲ֪˵вңض롣
˵ţְգʵȾ治նЩţûж࿴ۣˡ
ϵͳĬĬСƵ˲䱻עۡһ찡ε¶ˣٿһЩ𣿡
ᣬ飬С뷨ͬйŮţĲͬۡ
ͷһõģǱԸףװգ
֣ҲæΪƽ⼸ս䶨¶ˣʱΪס
ռҵ˼գܼףֹסɻ
⼸գϿ֮⣬ҪѧҩҪʱˮͼֽʮæµˡ
һϣȥշɰףһ׹£˵Լµø˴ڱ飬츣񣬻ͼֽܽ꣬ܽ꽫ͼֽڽǶֻԼȥȡշɰװæȥơ
շɰ׾ȵͼֽ֮ǰû
ЦЦⲻˣͼֽ֮ܽ£ɱ͸¶ȥĸҲᣬϾŮбܼռף´ȥ粨
շɰҲ֪֮ͷ׽ܣȻš
жϵһֻ
շɰסۡһȶл㡣
˵ϣƷˣȥ룬ĳˮͼֽݸշɰ׵֮ٽͼܽꡣ
շɰ׿˿ŵͼʵ𣿡
һüôһʲôõĶ˵Цһûװϻ׼ȹĿԷ£֪һʲô
շɰչһԾһ̧ͷ㣬ģɡԺԺŵǷ³ʦͼˡ
ͷ㿴֡
շɰһƣȻд֣һʱĿ࿴۾׽㡣
Ǹʲôˣø״һῴͼֽȴʮʮЦأûиϤָͨŮܻͼ
ͼֽװϻ̾ʮ꣬ܿˣţʵȥʦѧˡ
ϻӵշɰУЦȷʵǰʦѧˡ
Գ٣շɰױϻӳţء
һظȥǲߵˣüɫȥý⣬ܽСɺףҽȥܽ꣬ˮͼֽ˵ɡܽչͼֽʱɫ
շɰ֣һϲŭɫһͼֽȫ𾪡
շɰ˵ţԼЦŵͼֽ˵ãҪõã򿴿ʱһǰȥһ˳˳ţڳ俴üһͬʱ䣬ͨһݣֿʡݡ
ܽ˵ʱĻҪܸģֻһɣʱʡ²
˵һ飬Ҫϱ飬ϱ£ȫ
շɰ˵Σӵ˵ˣݹǶģʱͼֽἰ㡣
Ǹˮᾡýһֻ
շɰϧϧ㲻ӣȻƾ˹뼼գҲְܽ
գշɰƵƵȥܽ꣬̽ˮչ
һһֻӻԺӣѾɢˣŽҺӸ￴㣬ܽľͷͼֽ̳Сˮǲرɣ
һľСˮҲǾˣվˡ
СˮЩ֣⣬ˮһģһǷͼֽģЩ©
շɰ׵ܽ˵ǰҲһؼϿˮͼֻؼȱһǣʱֵˮʱЩ㣬ͼֽŻȻµһֻֻٻͼֽý졣﹤Щ˵Ҫһ·á
ֹƬ̣շɰߣСˮ㣬Ű棬ܽǴྫСҵʱٹռ
һᣬշͬæµš
æҩæŴ٣ѭм䣬Ҫҳںδ
һգֳ֣̣֬֬һģǰչˣҼ϶¥˵Űһʸշ񿴡
շһƣԼʱڳͻϵʱһ¥ϵ˶ˡ
ִ֣Ҫշ϶¥ȴˡ
շͷĪţҲµģֻ¥µš
ּ֣շ򶨣һгģͷȥһߡ
ƴշ񵽵¥һңŵӣˡ
һ
ƱշһֵƣշŹţ⣬ؿĴ
շһһλӴһκֱֿ֣Ŵ⣬խӰʱϲ쳣ȥŮշ¡
תͷüã⣬
շ񣺡ţڹùͻϼ
շȴûдԤĴ𰸣ǵŮм
Ŷζշ񣬡˵Ĺ¡
շ˼һŮǰϤԼպŮŮһ֮ȴһƵΣ
ͣһͣһɫ죬ŵŮѧҩ㼼գһһӡ֤֮£ᷢѧգҲһѧһ㡣
ʵΣкθϵ
շŮм£ƹ¡
ٶһ£УŮܼףʲдޣ裬
壬Լǰ㣬ٴα
Ů˼ȥܾȳŮģֻ¡
ЦʵΪҪ㣿
շ̧ͷߣ¸ҵֻҪ³ŮŮὫз֮£һߵ£δѣɾʹ¡
͡һЦƵһ׮ù£˵˵˭ģ̹״ӿ㲻
շһˡһµ£ŮʵţŮ˵׮£¹֤Ƿᷢ
շ񣬵պŮܽδޣҪ˵ʲô
һʱɫһ࣬ӵ˵
շɿվһ׮պ󣬽ڳ⾪ˤ㡣ڶ׮պ󣬱Ϊƽ˲ƽĵΪ׮գлϰ˴ͬСŮлݽ̫밲лݱڹУǰգлݱ²߷Ϊ
ͫһЩ·ھڲú󣬺֤
շλΣܹһδ֪
ô˵ȷܳɾʹ¡
շ˵ϣͣһͣ¿ɾգŮ˵Ļ
շ񣬸һһȥЩ½Էзִ硣
շˣ¥֣ʱһķ
ģʵԼ֣Щʱ˵鷢ˣԼʱԼˡ
ǵģԼ뵱
¥ϣѻһԸԺ㰵мշ˺£˺ˣ˵˺λһ
Ӧˡ
ǲ뼰շ˵׮£һ׮ڶ׮Ҳˣ׮ô
Ǻǣлҡ
ѹʻʺлŮԴʺлû䣬û뵽ִһλŮΪ
֪¼ܷηлһ֮ʱ֡


45 .  ׼   ֲ´
պ
һ, ̽١
Գ٣£ȥ, ˵ǰյһƥ, 
һ˿ЦǺ, ǧ֮ӻأһӣԼȥ, ˤ
ڳ⾪ˤ㣬̫ҽǰȥҽΡ
һ, ²豭, Щ𾪡
һ赶Ūǹǰյ, ԸҪõӳ, ռСͨ, Ӵ, ټƲ⣬Ѳ³
ھ㡭
°, ռСδ֪, ٿڶ׮¡
ǰƽѡϣͳڳ۰ǰˡ
ѡ, ѡλȷвƽĵ֡
λѡĵʤĻᡣ
Ҫǲѡĵ
ĵᣬȴոշɰ߿࣬ǰҲ֪游˵ƽﱲУûܴӶƾеùģҪû䣬ƽҪѡͰҵֳʽС
쳤̾˵һѡϣһأƽӣǵ𣿡
շɰҲ֪Ҫΰολ磬ֻļ򣬸һͻȻ۾һҪһʲôӡ£ôû׼ܰﵽ㡣
ĵһϵȥ롣
ѧշɰѾ߹ȥˣһĵҲڣǰ
ĵ˵龭һҿɲҳ⡣
ĵյ˽֪ƽֻС
շɰ׼û˵ŵƽֻܽ꣬ܽһղףҪһգѡҲǱΣʱ˭ֻҲҪں
Щ⣬һܼҲ׼ռôֻҪһˣƽǿԸҲÿˡ
ĵֻ֪̾һ֪ܽǲ뵱Żס
ΪβԸʦ˵ģҲ볯Ϊ٣Ӱ;
ĵΪƽĸˣܽĸлˡҺлгܽ겻Ըĸײá
ĵţڸԹ֪һ±ϸϸ˵ˡ
ƽĸŮʱѹлʺǺѣһһΪʺһΪ󣬲֪£лʺĿɳлʺд˵ʹƺġδ֪
ܽĸлϣѹлʺĵãδʱ׽á
лʺһлһһ岻
ˣлȻҲϲƽϱ
ĵ˵ֵ̯ʱƽϲ̫ܽ꣬Ƕ̫ЩɶҲлҺԺܼͣȴѸΪܽ궨»£Ժ͡
ֻЩ꣬ƽǷŲܽꡣ
ܽ⣬˭ƽӶù
ĵɥ֮£ãͰ뷨Ӱա
ΣֻõҺú룬׵ķӣٸ㡣˵æˡ
УǷţ뿴ûƵ£ܷҳһӰĵ
﷭ţûҳӣȴһϢ˵ǹΪƽѡĵΪһʱˡ
һͬסģ
һαϣһڶ׮Ҳ׼ˡ
׮գлϰҪСŮлݽ̫밲
λлݣѹлʺİá
лϰ˵ʹʧлʺλŮĶ꣬뵽ʮֻͣϣһŮòлʺȫҰ䱦ȡݡ
лݽʮ꣬绨òʤлʺ󣬼Ϊ
лң뼰ң뼰ĸйһʱЩ顣
ĸ㣬˺ҩʯ顭
ƫ񻹼ܳ裬ϥжӽŮƽڹзͷܵС
лݽܳ裬˵ѹķͷٴѹ档
ãԼּлݽġ
⵱£ܼҲʵΪƽĵΪˡ
΢Ц鵽ƽһЩʽܼҸռұˡ
ƽξԹôֳʲôأ
ǰѵƽһ٣һԵ̫ƽƽΪ룬Բ֡
ֹһǸˣŮֵʥ費ϡ
ֹգ鵽ƽʵҲټĵȸһ䶨ظܺʹȥ˵֮£ֵȥպ֣˻֮£鶨˶ȥʽס
ܺʵͷӦ£Իطл˵ˡ
лȴҲлҪܺ˵ǲѾߣҽȥһңĸԵʮ壬ҪֻݸߣһӾûкʵѡҰ⡣
ܺ̾ϢȻʺڣл˼ң׵̤żˣ񾹡
лϵͷһᣬת˻⡣
շӣŹΪƽĵΪһʱɿܺã׮׮·ˣлݽܸԼ˰ա
δܼȴ飬ռˡ
շڷܼҵˣЦףնҪǻڲ
շ˵շУ§Űοĸ׶Ϊһź£ί
շշ˻Уøĸ׶ˡ
շܼԵףҪշ⻰ⲻϸϸοĸΪ㱸ŵļױԲᶯʱȫġﱸ
շһֹ§סշֱ۵ĸ״ãܳͷأҶҪĸס
УԼ򲻿ף˺һ֪ʲô£ŻᱻأҪ˳Щ
ܼףƽҲһʱæٶףȴգȥռס
ôգշȴæˣһŮŮʮҪúòٰ졣
һ죬ոϯշף
շͱϻǰأյݺ
ͷ˸ĸֵ⣬Ҳ˸Ϻһμľμģһĵľġ
ͬʱ̣ѵϢ֪лϰ˹Ȼлݽ밲лֵ̫ģڹСסһʱɸƣܺúܺãȻȫ׼
ǷһĨЦ⣬Ը֪շ̼֬档
ڶշ̣֬˶¥
һżɽ˵ɣҪʲô
շһ⻰˲ɿ쿴һۣǴӣֱ뵱
ܸУܽͼֽͼ˵
ϣ죬˵Сʱø˴ڱ飿
ܽͷĹ¸һ顣
ϣвʵ֮ͼֽȻС֮£Ҳ⡣
˼Ƭ̵ȥԣȷʵЧȫƹ㡣ʱ¶Ҳνһ
˵ţ΢ЦһмϱҺÿģԵڹйԲС
˵ţܼ״Ӱ׷
ǰȥ࣬׼գ׼ʱ˵ռףüǳȥ
׷һ飬ݼϣʦŵӹһѶ˵νҲʦ˼գ׼ռס
һμľռŮǳ롣
׷Ƶνʦ꣬˵βνռҹϾ;ʶãͬ׽ӷռҹϻβνӣֻҪףܿ³ɡ
ɫΪνĸգ
׷һɵȻͬһա
յΪҪͬһգûĺˣ
׷Ǹʦһͬʡ
һ£ֵʦܽȥνңҲܼҪռ֮£֪νˡ
µɴ۾ǿֲ´𣿡
׷ƴЦʦʵƫһģļʱνһʱ
Ϻܽ꣬Ҳõȼˣ׼һȥס
׷ȭͷסǣһý˵֪ʲųţʦܴνл˵νӼѾȥոס
飺
ܽ꣺


46 .  ѡһ   Ҫѡ˭
û뵽շֱ֮, һʱһ¡
ΪӣˣȻҪͼıҵ, , ҲҪһ
շδ֪ȷʵһ
Ҫһ֮, òƷԵȵȣҲҪġ
һİĽ, һġ
̾շ̫߿Լˡ
շԳĬһ£ǺЩ߳, Щ, Щû·ı׳
ҧҧԼӳ, ŵǰ֪һЩ֮⣬һҩ, ʱ, ²ڽյľ
̧۵չ, ǱԸ⣬ǻȢø׿, Լġ
΢΢̾Ϣ, ΪƽΪһλŮҪ, ҪѺô鷳
һŮУѹ̫еһǶеġ
ͳȢŮΪʮߣȢ
ƽͬ䣬ƽ£ΪƽҪΪ
˵ţշɫãֵչ֪δ£Ƿͷġ
һԻ跨иʰŵĻ£ֻҪЩ˼ʱ䡣һ˻£ҪȢչΪҲ¡Ҫ游ʣչպŮпܣŮĻ鲻˳ҹζࡣ
շͷ¿ɬ±һ꣬ǵʱ˱¸ȨǷǵ֪Ժ²ɣԼмֵ
Ѹ֪Լ֪δ£һϣʲô³
շЩ꣬ԼУûкú˼ǰţ³ôһ桭
豭ȴȲ裬һеķӣչòȫ
շһ̧ͷʵ˵ģʲôӣ
չϵȴܺܿɡչҷģֻһʱ֮ơδȢǲøУ£൱˹˶ŮٵʸǰΪ
ҷģ˵ز㡣
շִͷѸȨ
ȨΣǾȵ֮跨ҲһӡֻҪټ޽Ȳ¶ӣڻʵ۸ǰ¶һعʱܵ
һ˵һֻҪȲ¶ӣƾԼ֪ҲռһҪλã˴£ԼǳӣŶӡ
Ժĸƾӹ󡭡
ԸˣȴһΪѣίܹ鲻ޡ
ɫ۵ףЦһЦֻһʱ֮ƣͣܵ
շ˼Ƭ̣һһȥǿǡ
ߣͣ˽ŲعͷлڹСסһ賿ȥɺ¶ˮʧˮű֮˲֮伫ܳ裬ȴһֱδУҲδٽλݡţˮǿ̣³򡣡
һлڹ̫󣬳ˣ˭Ҷ֣
ᷢҪԸ
վ˫Ժ飬շչ𸴡
շһһ죬Ի𸴵¡
ʲŻͷ˵һ׮£Ը⣬ֻǲӦˡ
΢ЦĿշˡ
շ¥£һķſ
òмָܽҲǿ˫ټݺ͵λֻһЦʾã˭ŮӲģ
շУһշתֱ࣬˯š
˯ãϱóЩ
ϴ꣬ȴѾֹ㺰ٵ˵ʲôô֣
һԥ˵ܼҺμҵˣһͬǰס
˵ţշɫ糣ɿ׳˵ǰͷˣν״ףһײˣ˻ۣүͷҲڷѡ
ǰ鳯ϴǸУմ˲Ӧͷô
˵ţݰν
ҪǱ¶νҲˣΪףòõġ
Ҫãû׼ӾҪ¶ˡ
ڳѵҼҼľǰϾ;չһģӣذչģһӴáմˣΪ˸ĸߣĪϣŮиùޣչﵽҼңҼһŮմ˴ӦŻ¡
ȨƵλⷬԴǣȴνʤ
ܽ걾շףףףȥʵҲЦ
һ֮ǰΪ£ܼ಻죬⵱ȽϣǾμҲ
㿴շһۣշ˻⣬ڵܼҺμҶǺ˼ңֻͬȴǷѣȻȥǿǿ˵
νǽƻôһȥָʹʲô˵մӦл£ɣΪ˶ӣú
飺ǰЩ죬Ҳôһȥͷ¼ܾͲˣΪú
շ˵껰νһҪߵ˼ҲûУ
ҲΣֵֻ˺νȻأǷ顣
ǾԽ飬ڴ˺ŵǴ𸴡
νȻ޳ܣٴһѹˣڴ˺ţմôҵ㣬û׼ֻôӦˡ
УǳôҲ׼ŮԼ࿴Լѡһ
ϴżľӣЩ˼ģԼѡܻѡľ
˵ˣܽշ񶨹ףΪ˽ݣҲѡľѡܽꡣ
ԣշ˶Կһۡ
շȨ⣬ҲЩѡμľ棬ôѡĻȴµʱٳ裬ŮԼѡ˵СŮ˭ĸҲܰԧ졣
Ů³ܹ࣬ڷһϣԼѡһϲģʱЩϧҲǲ
ţ㳯˵ͷ
ԴϻԶԣ¶ŮЩĿ࿴ŮԼѡҲá
ȶȥ
⵱£СѾͷҲȥֹ˵£ææȥ
ȥ̽һˡ
һ㳯ϲ׵ģǺ˼ҡ
һһʮǰ˵ˣЦҶүͷһʱѣȥԼѡһ
νףȴǴһôʦڣĪڱصã
ռŮݺмֵ
ɵײýǰô
ֵЩ꣬ɣʾ֣صģҲгףֻЩ˫ûˣŶΪ˸Ůӣ̧Ůˣνȴ⡣
ģͬһǰֱԼõġ
˵ţǰĸҧ䣬˵ˣϲ˭ѡ˭ģүͷ
ܽɫܼ֮ǰӸ£㶨ףѡμľôУ
֣ûбѡôǵмѡһ
ҡҡͷѣױŸֳȥ
ôЩʱգðЩüչһЩշŮʱĽټӴһһȴνһ
νη˺Ͷμľ֪ЩݣֹˣһС˺ôֵľ֮ǰ˭ҲƲϣԭ۹ôޣҲӺݡ
һЦеСһ˵
˵ţߵһߣԲҵڷӣֻøһȥȥи
鿴ң֪ӣûиͼֽңҲ֮£ҴȥЧȫ츣񡣡
˵ţ룬궨ףԺ󷽱ʲôͼֽҲԽи꣬õ
˵ɫһ࣬Сܼңᱻûһչμã佫Щ¶²ܼȫ
ټѡ꣬Ҫʲô£·
ϸţͷ飬һúÿǵġ
ô¾ԾˣСﻹҪǣ
ν˵ãȴЩļƵƵȥֻϺ˵Ҳ֪᲻˵չ
շߣǺõģŮҲԾ˼ա
飺ҪȣһбҴȥһģνӰָﲻϣõˡ
νҪȣһбҴȥһģ飬ָﲻϣõˡ


47 .  ෽   Ҫںһ
ν, շЯסʵи˭, ĸĸס
￿շ˶ߵܹ, źͽ˹ףҺ, ׻˽ģս, ҲΪ顣ιӿŻҲֻΣǷͶҲδ֪ĸףȻеѡ, ѡ, Ҳ
շһ⻰Ц, ͷҲգٵȵ, úÿǡ
˵, Ѱ˼, ҲҪģ
, ʱٵһͷ, 棬Ҳѻ
ĸŮ˵ŻҪط, ȴүˣүŷ˲˳ţǱ߹˼լԺȥˣִ˹֪үˡ
շͽӵţֳ֪һ⼸ջᵽӣΪҲŵû뵽͵ˣһʱϲֵ˵ʰСԺס£ɨ˼ҾլƫҪǱ߾լ˺ü꣬ҪʰҲʰġ
ﱧԹţֺ˹˼˽ϸ˼䣬ͣϽȥ֪˳Ԫ˵ǾլסãŸΪá
˵ϲģֺշɰ׺շӢԸǾ˸ĸϾ˼Ҿլȥˣȥһӭ
Ըշɰ׺շӢֺ֣Ҳȥ˷˵һ˵£ǹˣλֹ
ֻ⣬¾ү˽ţ֪ŮŮ£˵ʲôշ˸С
һƬȭȭŮ֮ģϣܶ
շɰ׺շӢ˳ţʱӭ˹˳Ԫһո⡣
շӭȥ̨¿ֳ˳Ԫӯһ硣
˳ԪӦһСˣתͷ¹˷ˣǰշ
һĹҲǰշˣһĸ
ܿģһƥҲͣڸ⣬ǰĸ
շ˿ٿ̾겻ڡ
˷Цŵ׸ӢǲŽпһȣġ
ɩӿɲǫģĽô죿˵˵ЦЦ䣬һ˱˸
ҲӭȽ˹˳Ԫȥ鷿˵
շѾȥСԺù˼ҴӳжԼҺ͹˷ڻ˵
һӱշ˷ˡ
˷֪ռŮŮ£һЯշһЯЦշ˵㵹иһӾ绨Ů
˵ֿߵĹ֡
æǰ籸µֻСϻӷֱ͸շ
˷Цǽɽ˱ͷΣ㾫ɣλʡ
շ񵱼򿪣һ׾ͷΣ˷˵лһְ˼ҹȻͷⱦһƾֵ֪ƣ˷׾ó˼Ǵӣ֪ͳʲô¡
ռҸ˼ҽӷϴϣշԺ͹˳Ԫ໰Ҫ˵շɰŹ˼ȥ԰ӣŮһֻһͻˣ˵˵ЦЦ
͹˵ŻʱĴշ
˳ԪżСϾһҪ죬ʵΪŶŮĻ¡
ʮˣ˵ף˳Ԫ˼ţϵκıȵþȨ󣬶Ȣһ֮Ůһ˻Ҳ׼ҷһСһͬϾϣڼܵһź¡
ʮ꣬Ҳ˵׵͡˷˲ŮԶޣڽϸһ£˳Ԫ˵˵ܼھǣӽ٣ɱڽϾҪǿٱ˷⻰㲻ټּ
˳Ԫ˼룬һʱ֮Ѱĺ£ҲԺüϼס
͹Լ˵˼ռңҪĴˡ
һŹ˽Զֻ¾ˣɢ˻ȥЪһ档
ɢˣշɰ¹ò츮·һ̡
СԺ⣬շɰ׷ˡ
շɰˣźסʵ磬Σ

﷭۵ԼãͲ˵ʵ˵գֻĸͷͷҲҪʵġ
ֻЦŮòȼǳڣ̸ֹҲзִ硣òФƹĸˣҲ˶ֻܿత꣬ɱЩá
һһ֪ˣһ۾Ϳˡ
Ͻû˼
ⷬʢ㣬Щô
̲סôһ¹ͷʵ۶ѣ˵ϲ˭ϲ˭ɱĸ׸ǰ˵
һ£ʲŴ˵ʵЩ赭ԣãȳϡ
ҲƳˣ̾һŮһ߸ϵģ͡
ϽĻˣЩϴЪգҪŸĸȥݷء
շֳһǰۣǸ˼գ͹˳Ԫ˽˵ҲʼõĻ¡
˳ԪҲţֱӵϾҲΪѰһź׵ģҰһ
շһӦУֳ˼ھΪ£ţҲˣͽ˵
ͷ⣬ôǺõģ˿δأ˵Ů
շһСϥ£˲Ů֮⣬ûһˣֳᡭ
Ļÿ£ǺͿЩֳŽϵزٻ£һϾȻΪѰһȨףδػ
շƵȨ۸ڶҲδػὫŮ˼ҡ
Ȩ۸ڶһЩ֮ңþӪģţˣȴѰ֮ҽ׵ġ
շЦЦǰŴ£ֻ飬ǻЩ
ģҪϻףδˣȻҪкԺڼλ֪һ±Ҹпʻ͵ɣôһһЩ¡

շȻҪѰʵĻ£ֻöЩǳŸˡ
ҲæԻһУ˸ͬȥ޽˺üףҲ⡣ǵʱѸȫϣ˵һ
г˳ͻǴ׻⣬ÿҲȨȦӵĴ׻ᡣ
⵱£շ̶֬¥°ݱϣæ˵ԼӦӦֻлݵ
һ£ЦչȻδ֪
ȴշ񴦵֪лݻˮУȻš
ǣ賿ʱ֣лںɻر߲ɼɻϵ¶ˮһŵɻʱǡǡûʵ۲֪ԭʣǸʱɻأĿˮ
ʱʵߵĴ̫ˮлݡ
лݻʪ͸ҺûǺˮ
ʵһлݣʧ
лòѹлʺʮƣҸ޼֡
ʵһʱ估飬ǰˣ㶯ϧ֮ģӴ̫нӹлݣԱ޵Ѹлݻϣ״̫ҽȥΡ
գбʢлѵʥ裬мһλ³
ɲɵģʵֵ֪лˮ³˲һ飬һ飬鵽ͷϡ
˵°⣬һȻ£ֻҲǰǰˡ
շҲԾôһлȴǱиó裬أҲûӸ˵ܻС
л֮±òͬˣԺ£᲻Ҳòͬ
꣬շʵչ￼ǵˣ
շͷ촽ȴû˵
һʱ̾Ϣһ֪㵱Щίˡչֻһʱ֮ƣʱգ㶨Ȼܵ
վⲽ򸸻ɲ֮£ʵͷ֮ʽո񣬾ܣ񲿰ʽߣΪΣ
շðʽߣµһЩ
ɫֵˣ˵ˡ
һͷܼҺμȴռǶһϢռҲٿܼҺμң⽫˳Ԫӹ
νһȻըôȥ˼ռ׼ϼףҪŮ˼ˡ
¶û꣡
Уƽֳ˵һỰһʱЦлʲôʾΪĸ
ãĸǰлһֱڵȴԸǣлԶЩƫܽĸлݵý㣬Ȱ㲻Ҫ
ƽһ۵֪ʲôˣ
ӣϰĵճһԣһʯܼҷͬʱԼĵȥܽꡭ
ƽ˲վץȥڽ죬磬СЩ
ֹ˻ҡͷ̾ϢҪЩ£ҲҸɿˣˣʲô¶иһǰ㣬ָĸҡ
ƽһɫ
ˣѰ㴦ˣҲˡ
ƽŤһֵ磬ܽףҶڱصãҡ
Σˣҵʱһѣ¹ݵ
ƽһüЦҾ֪ҡ
һת鲻ռףҪôأĵǰ黹һһҪռҽײ
У֪ҿеˣﻹǣҪںһӡ
ڷд磬ϵͳ·ƽ֮¶Ŵ籩ƽ˼죬籩᲻Ὣ
ϵͳ㾡԰ÿֵܳ·һ飬ҪôӦ
˼֣Цﹲʮųֹͬһ·Ů㣬ʹץֳ
ҡͷ̾ϢĪ˭Һܽμľ㣿
˵ϣҡͷ͸ܽμľףҲ˺أҺһܵһ㡣
˵˵ţµأˣҵøϽһζ㣬ţһʲô㣬Ҿͷ½ҩ
Уһһζ㣬㣬ҾҲ¡


48 .     °
﷭, ҩĽȥҩģһζ㲢һζ㡣
, һʱȴ, Ҫô֪ζûЧأ
ܲԼԣһԳ, ֽⲻˣġ
ؿڣ, 취ġ
ȥ԰׽һֻèƳ̶, һ㵽С, ιèԡ
ʣ£ýŲ˲, ûۼˣһιèһ, , СèСè, һ飬Ƕɼֻè, Ҳûʧ, ǧҪҡУұ֤Ժ, Сɡ
èСɣɵӣû쳣ֹףûЧ㣿
ֶһèèû쳣ʧվ֣˷ٷţµ㡣
ҹţҪЪȻһè˰èĽ⣬мֻèҰ׷
ƴȵⶼˣèȴͷð
ҲȣҩЧҪӳôõ
һȺèݶХȥɸֻèιһҩҶιЧô͵
èһʱֹغôߴϴЪһߵﲻҪ£ūȥ˸ǡ
Ĵӱ̽Сһʱ󣬸ǲǻջһȺͬĸ츸Сè
¶룬͸оа
Բԣ㣬ûԽء
⵱£ӳȥ׽˰èιһ㣬Чѽ
ƿӣ׼µأһߵ֣èгȻв׵ĵطһҩιèˣ߻ᰲȻû˯ˣҲǳĸĸǳ˯ˣҪ鲻á
һǰӴҹˣҪιèҩūǡūèιˡ
һúɰһŻƶĽ㣬Ӱˣֵιҩǧвԣɶιˮ
Ӧˣĳ
һȷʵĳҹ˯èˮС
ȥ˺һᣬèֹˡ
һᣬֻˣ÷ŵƣﻹû˯ȥģˡūҩˮУιֻèȻ񱩣һ㰲ƽǰ˳ˡ
˵ţҡҡͷҲ֪èԴʲôˣ񱩳ֻèȫѹŴ򣬶ˡ
ӷҩȻͻգҩңҩҰ
ﻳŸӵ˯
ڶһ磬ææϴִŸױ
ԪڣշҪһ˼ڣ磬ЩһӻҪȥźӵơ
ϣշ˴ʱѵˡ
շɫЩãǵճŮʱŮﱲǰ棬񡭡
շȴûշֻڣžͺá
շһɫԺһЩ۽Ƕһ￴һʱתȴĸ׷ģĶڵ֪ռѪŮ
շɫֱˣº޵òУҲÿڲֻš
ڻظշ˷»ױ̨ϣ޵ţ
ûкôңûºôΣ
֣ѽշ£һߵЩﲻȥֻҪү˴ͺá
շƵ֣ռڣǰ棬˵ȫ͸Ų޳ɡߣﻰⶼڼңһĿ²
֣̣̾˵˺˼ң޹ȥˣһбˡ
˵ţѾ˵ǰѰںü磬շȥ
շװװһɵȻֱֵ֣۳ȥˡ
ŵǰԶһЦȴǶŮͶЦ֣ͯʵأôˣ
ŮϷɣĻһһµ˳Ůɢ˺ˣˣ극ٽ
֣һڽºС޶ء
շҲͻὲ¡
һεļ磬ȴոǴμ֡
С޶ˣһԱϾԣӦҪµġ
ЦУУϳꡣ
ɵӷЦ¿ɳ˺ˡ
շɰ׽ӿڵӲ֪רὲ£ЩҲˣҪ˵Ƹˡ
ЦпҪ㣬ֻܸҡ
 ƸǺܹԵģ֡
˵գգۣҽһȰѧĹ£ҪҪ
ϲʧЦҲգۣͷ˹ӣǶкö㡣
״кöұ
ֱЦˣµ۸ڶǶģȴȤ
շ׽ö˸׽Щޣġ
ŶļС޶£ɢˣָǽһ£ʱˣûȥ˯ˣҪŷźӵء
Ƹ飬ϵȥҽ㣬ٸǽһ
︧ҪѧģѧҪæգ˿գٸǽòã
ƸֻõҪǵá
ͷС޶Ŵ˻ط
ʱ֣շ˱һ˳ŷźӵˡ
ƳϣӱȫˣַǷ
˶̲࣬סϵͳ·ֳػᷢһЩ£Ľ
Դż²ҩ㾯ţעշĶǴȥͬһ֬Σ²շıĳЩ£⵱Ҳշϡ
շƺһ糣ջߣշȥŵơ
ƣĴƣӱ߲Զ˴һѾǰ¯ˮݲ裬ֵ˭ҰһѾҲôۡ
֡ȡһܼҡ
һ䣬Ǳ߳һˣѹлƣܽꡣ
̫ܽˣ˲ȫϣƺüֽڡ
ջߣϵͳֹҹµġ
ֹȴһС޶㣬Ǳ㣬ȥ˵
˭ѽԶƣƺշɰףҡͷǵʲôöں
лС޶Ჽ߹ȥһʱûֵĽŲͷһƣȴֱ˵Ϊֵˣ㲻֪⣬ǰ߼
վڲԶ˼һ֣˲䣬ӺڰڳһˣſڴǰȻסУѰ￸ڼϣˡԶˡ
һ̧ͷ˰ﱻ°ˣ
һ£ܽ˲֣ʵıˣ
ֱָָܱ
ܿģһҲȴμľһҲ׷ȥ
ʱ̣ڿڴϵͳе⣬˵ھ÷ˣǵȵ


49 .  С¹ײ   û뵽
ܽںӱ, йעﱻ°ʱһʱ׷ȥ, ȴ볤ƶйء
ʥ, ̫󣬴֮λδ, ⲻЩǣνһһ¾λ, δػҫ
ҽʵ³лݣ̫ƽиͼı
˼ǣڹеĶĿ, ðչעõľֹ, һעԷֽƵƵƽ, ƺıʲô
ʵлݣƽӦòڵ¶л, , ı, Ӧ¡
ҪԸģͳֵ, ҹͺá
ƽҪԸ, ˭
˿룬ƶϳƽҪԸ, 
ƽܽ갮ܵãôܽմߵŮӣҪֵĶ
˼һԼ棬ȥԾܽҪ˵ףǱȽϺõѡ㲻ܵ˺
ϻ׵ռף㱻ܣ¸μҾ
Ϊĳ£ƽ˶֣ܽôͷ²Ҳɡ
޳ɳ뷨һռ˳ŷźӵƵϢ뼰ҹ˶ӣǵֵĺûᣬҲǾ˵ĺʱ㺰ܽ꣬˵ϢҪﲻӱߺţԱˡ
ܽ굽úӱߣ֣ⳡ˭ıӵҵڶﲻɻ󣬲ںӱߵ°
μľǻη˹źӵƵģһòԶֵĽкݣ͹ˡ
ܽμľһǰһ׷ˣƫǺṦãԾǵ·죬´СУʧӰ
Ų֣״ֵӣҪȥȴһһתգƺΪС
ǶȰӣհ
ʲС޶ȥʱһշɰ׵վǶ߽㷢շɰףֻһʱĿɻ˾ʹڳˣɼͺһġ
ȻŻбԼҪһգǵܲԷ˾֮ģԼվ
̣ԷʲôһԼڱ°Ÿĸ׷ˡ
ͷһת䣬㷢ֺͣţˡһڵ¡
˵°Ȼ֪ܿ׷Ҳսپһﶶ֣֮׽ʵӵֻ֣ٷ˫֣šһ˺һֻ䡣
ʯ䣬ŶˣԷԼס
ۿԼ°׷ʱټԼѱ˺ûзʲôԼҲ˵ˡ
Һƺ֪ԼֻзãǱܹ룬׽ʵԼֻ֡
Īǣ
ϵͳ֣֣Ͻң
Ȼôļ࣬ԼһһӦ˹ȴţŴΣգԾȲãֻ֣ȻԼ
Ҳƶԭ
ֱ۱һ£һߺϵͳһ߱˾׼Էһ£ͬʱɨһΧ
һɨŷ֣ĵطһݣ˰ݶ¹к£㤡
֣ٲҪ㡣ӽ
ţҪ㣬Ȼá顱һݶһˣ¹һƳܽꡣ
ۼ֪ܽ꣬ãǷſֱۣתƴ
ͬʱ̣ݶԾһˣȴμľ
ܽ굱ǰöԷ˺Ƶӣһμľ̺βνչң׽סӡ
μľҲ룬Ծ⣬׷ˡ
ʮֽƻûһʧڡ
μľѲһûҵˣ֪λȻ֪Σ²䣬ƾһ֮ҵˡ
ͷڻݣһȥȥݿա
⵱£ܽ걧ݶϷɳۡ
ʮ𺶣Ŷû뵽ܴṦôãˡ
ܽԾÿ죬ʱУо˺ƵƮ𣬾Ȼʮִ̼
ǸϵͳƵˣ֪ЩֻãЩвãҲã¾ģоһܽźֱۣȻϵͳݣʵ
ϵͳζΣҪ֪Щи治裬һкһ
һ£㣬ƺ޹㣬Ǳζͦš
ϵͳôӿ죬С¹ײˣ
ΪŲײ
ﱾŻңϵͳôۼ䣬Ƿɲ١
һܽԾݶͣһľСԺǰչ³ͻȻͻ¡
£ӣܹӲ˵ûмʱ뿪Ƕ˿ӱ˺ƣ˺Ҫһ׵ˡ
ܽûн߻ҿȵȣ˿һʱǰߵԺţһ߸˴ҵ˽լֻһϼˣǼʲôҲ򲻻˵ȥġ
˵䣬ԺѿһԼʮϼŵ̽ͷһܽ꣬ɾϲˡ
ܽһĶ˼ҵѿվææֹҲ࿴ҲʣֻԺţӭȥѸٹغš
ܽһ䣬˵ƣֻܽԸϼ˵ֶ͹
ϼӦˣܿһλüĿϸ˶ͽЦʵкηԸ
ܽ߻ãÿչӷãÿ˺
ϸ˱ǰ쿴ӣΪѵ˺̫ݣЩŤݷˣҹ˶Ŀչ£ֻ
ֻܽҹùͺá
ϸɿūԵ
Գ٣ﻻһϸùѣܽСкȲ裬һߵϸ˷첹ѡ
ܽˮݲ裬һѹѹ
ﱾֻܽһ£ȴʹй۸Уܽ˺ġ
̾û뵽Ṧôдľָ֡ôģ
չˡܽԼһ裬ŵǰұС֮°ΣҺñ˾ȻأʮͷбΪҵϷҲ˷Ӷ˴ĻǣҪ°ҡ֣Ҳò书Ա
һ£³⣬ΪչףȫΪ֮ǰǰֻἸлʽѡ
һ⣬æһᱣܣ˵书
ܽͷȲ裬ȥһ˵Ǹμľһӣ㣬ܾŹڵ¶ãֻ㣬ֱ·ˣȥ
һۣ˼ңҸڣٰˣԲۼ
Ͻͷأоܴлͦף
ܽ˵ţ˲һڣ²豭ʱ֮£ͻչչպɣҿ游ٴռס


50 .  ̸   һůĵĻ
Ƕһٱųĺ, ˼ΨʱŮȫͬڱ˺£ʱ侪, Ҳͷˡ
ЩŮ, ֻиŹֽ³, ÿʱŮ㣬¶ֱ, ڸɻ
Ϊӱ˺ƣ˿ֱۣѰٻоû, Ǵˡ
ﵱгõһԻشܹܽ, òֵøõ, 䲻㡣
ܽ˫ɨﱻɱεŮǰܺ, ԷƱ
Ͻת˻, ʵܹ, ǸӵΪ°ˣϤ, ֪ʲô·, û೤ʱ䣬Ҳû˭ô°أҪ˵Ϊɫ, Ҳ°ҡ
ѵʱС޶˵ˣǻҹȥˡ
ܽβνȥ׷Ǹӣݣû׷ˣҲδȥʡ
Լ˼ǰշӶҪѵҲ
շڼСС־ͰˣôĳǸṦߣͨʹġ
շ˭
˲²ź˵·ϸѷѡ
ȥѣҿڵ¹Ȼ첹ĺۼɿϸ˵ֺա
ϸЦūǰǸĲ˵ͷܼ˵ġ
󝷢һ֧ϸˣһһѽʱͷ䣬ͷϵӶˣֻʣ¼黨
ϸȴΪͷæǰپӵ󝷢Щңūʰһ°ա
ͷɵϸ°ͷ
ʰóȥܽȴϾ°Ҳܹţ룬Щɡ
˵ָϸ˵㳶ѣ󝷢ҲŪЩԣͺá
һܽߣԺӣɫѰҪ裬ǣҿɴݶ
֮⣬ɱݶɳۡ
ԣͷһϷۿɲмƣһʱҡҡͷܵúܿġ
ܽɫƳһۣǾܰɡ
˵°һ̧ʾǰ棬һߵ߷Χڣ¡
Ȼͱ仰ˡ
ţȻһᣬһʱ±ܽȴᣬֻˮϣٱ紵ɡ
Сʱ£òеһЩ˱ƣЩҲ֪мѣΪ˲鷳£Լ취
Ϊܸɣû̫עѴ
ôʮꡣ
˾ǣһİţĸһ㣬߿࣬һһӦӲ覣һʧ񣬻ʲô壬ѡ
ĸ׿۰ֻҪһ漰շ񣬾ƫշĺ
ʱҲһůĵĻ˻ţ̫ġ
ƾĶۣܽôһ仰ЩͷεĻԶˣˡ
ţϵˣָʼ
ܽʱߣ֣һ黨
ͣ½Ų󝷢ֹȻһ黨һʱĬĬӹ
ܽ꿴һۣͻȻӻͳһӵɲ
һʲô
ܽ꣺ۡ
ֻýӹӣӡӡһߵл
ܽĬһ£ʵʲű°ʱֿȦɵ㣬Ϊ·ˣ
ЩΣûпޣֻǱ紵ۡ
ܽ겻ʣɫ¿ԶԶģ˹ˡ
Ҫӻܽ꣬ȴǰͷܿһˣְֻС
Уͷμľۼ⣬Ƽܽ꣬һԾǸǰչû°ɣ
Ͻͷû¡
μľ棬շɰ׺շӢˡ
ǳ˹һۼö˶˵ģ壬ɺúôϣվܽ꣬˿׷ѯʣ㣬ûô
ܽشչû£ֻһЩţȥˣǺúð
һ˵ţСӣǱйٱշҲ
շ˼ǳȥһ§סۿû¶ôˡ˵ɿ鿴һֲ֣鿴ѺͷΡ
ҲۿܹӾңû¡ͷϲЩӲ֪Ķȥˡ
շЩֵʲôֻҪû¾ͺá
Ҳ˼䣬ۼû£ɫص°ˣʶӣΰˣǾʧְ
ܽʱվŸõ˵ǣշ˵ﱻ°ֵֹܾչﾪŹȣʱ˻ظЪҺβνʲ߹ĵط̽һû
շȻлֵܹȣȻ롣
ܽòĸ⣿
һ£ĸ֣βǰҽꣿ
ܽշףշУһȫĴܽûɣһֱûֹܽ꣬ҽܽ־ԼŮûҪ⡣
Ǵһַ꣬Ըõл
ǰһллܹӡ
շԱߵҲˣ㺰ְա
ֻ˵һ飬лл֡
ܽҲĿڣ֣صòҪҲˣȥǵúȶ衣
ɺշĶһۣܽǰģ¶ᡣ
μľ͹ٱ˵껰ͷܽﻥã㶣ЩƣʲŻ裬ܹչһתͷͳˣ
ȡһǰ廰ʲű°ʱûüӿô
һˣһֱ͵ӣ˲ҪФ롣
μľ⻰˺˵ľֹɻƺ֪ϴлأһᶯ֡
μľһӾ֪Īˣ
һ£ģҶ׷£Ƴӣһš
л֡
ܽԱƳһμľڵβνˡ
μľ˵һ仰ܽ˵ֹֻ
շ˺ܿ뿪
ܽμľŹٱѲһӡ
һʱ񣬹ٱնӻȥ
μľܽҲ𣬸Իظ
ܽУ˷ȴӻ֧ӡ
ʲѰʱ𵽵ģʽġ
Ҫϴޣͷ˵Ҫ
ܽæװȥ鷿顣
ʵصôȻˣ
ܽͷﱻ°ľ˵ˣмȥһЩΪ游˵Ļ
ϣ̾ţ˭Ϊ
ܽ⻰Ƥһɵ游˼ǡ
̾ᣬǴܹˡ
ܽɫ˫ȭʼŮΪΪô
鿴㲻һƣҪж
ܽɫƽ̵ģǱµĳ谮ʧ˳谮ô
Լܳ꣬°ݼڡ
ܽĻߴߴ磬ʧ裬ƽҪ֡
鰴˰ܽļ򣬡һӶǰ취
ܽͷĸлýã½ճ谮лߣＲ֮£һЩ
лߣлݡ
лڸеߣ˳лߡ
ת˻⣬ʵʱкι۸У
ܽһ£֪Ҫ
￴ʱоͣŮǰһζԡ
֮ദʱͷҲȻ
ֵ˳ִ֣ܼڷ˼УҪƽҪģȻĹ
ܽ˲Сʱһжǣ̶Ծݶ龰
һ˿˿ǡ
ܽͻȻһ游ֻһ䣬ôȫ
ܽĬ㡰ȡһ
ܽع񣬴ŮУϻۻһλ
ͷ׷ʣܽȥ
ܽУϴϴЪһȴû˯ţͷ˿ֵ
һᣬµأ˵ƣӳó֧ӣڵơ
õȥոһˣӹ黹
˿ֵʧˡ


51 .     պȻӼ
շ˴ؼ, ʱһֱ§, ֪ӱ˶, ôû˺Ů°ߡ
ܽ꼰ʱоŮ, Ȼ˽ŮһҸͻˡ
շĲӺ, ּ쿴ӵȵطȷûܵ˺һʱĸ, û㡣
ѵõƬĸ, ͷշ˼򣬵ĸ, û£ġ
շ˸ı, ʱʹ, ҧ׽, ǧС
ϣﱻ°ϸڡ
ԥһ£ûиշ˸, ֻźܽõ, ˵һ顣
ĸףֻǵʱӱ˺νķѾ
ܿ쵽ո, ǰ
շ˲æȥֻԸӵһϣҺһ磬ȥȥù
հ죬϶˻ŵż⡣
շЯ裬Ĭʱתļ黰
˴ţշطһᣬ˶裬ɫƺָɿ
֣ʵأ
Сշˣǰ˵ûлסʲô£ǣء
շҪ֣æڵĸף³ͻȻҲ£ա
շΪ飬㲻Ը棬պ֣ʧְطΪ飬㷣µ˼
æߵͷлȥл
ֵⷿﻹҪ㣬Ҫǹˣ˭ȥ
һ⻰֪ûҲûҪ˵˼һʱ´󰲣Ź
շһǰ߷̶꣬һͣ˺ˣΪ飬㻹ʲôϽϴ
ΪЦææȥϴ֡
ֽշ˵ĸףҲһȻط˷ء
շͷ˺̣¾ˡ
շһߣˮ˵һζҪԡ
ԡϣѣֵ֣øԺҽѣȫˣһҪ
հ죬ѳȥ˶˻裬԰ˡ
ڷлع˽£ֽʣͼǺ˵Σһᣬҿֻա
һʱܽദ龰ţͻȻһ£ææµأЬӳ⣬պ󾪣æ׷ȥʵȥĶ
ǣ½Ųȥѡ
պɿȥ
Ժڻǰȫ˻ҡ
㣬ѽѽʲôܽǷҲѶء
ȻûϸϸҲ֪Ƿ幤£ϲˣʲôܽꣿ
һ˷ط£׿˯ˣŸɿ
˶裬Ȼ˯ȣҹ˺üΣڶգЩ
һѣ˱˵շˡ
շһɫмѣ±㶨˶ʼ˯ÿɺãųʲôȡ
˵Ż˱շɰ׺շӢˡ
շɰ׺շӢһշ˰ֿ㿴û¶ˡ
շȴǳ⿴˿ĵ˾ܵǶ̽ô
ţ˱˵շˡ
շһֻʳУŰʳи鵽ϣշ˰ſЦҽ磬ȥǧ֣ҳ
շһΪҲ㣬ǧķѹƽزġ
лˡ
շֻҪƽƽҷЩֵʲôأ
Щᣬշ˸ǰҲշѿװЦӦꡣ
շ˿ţǧ֣ۼθڲɿһʱǰͷ£շշɰ˵ЦԼȻȥˡ
շһߣշѾ˲裬ҲȣֻЦ㵨ȷʵҪǸϣҪʮ²ܺãˣ³ġ
̾ѽʮ꣬ӿ϶ûôֻ֣Ҫ°أҳûãʶ٣Ҳ˭˭ǵأ˵ΪɫҲ֣Ҫ°õ°ǡĪϴˣܹˣ
շ⻰һʱЦݣֻµԼҲ֪
շɰ׺շӢϽԲǧȫӵĴ׽ˣҪ
շɰ˻⣬תշ㣬ǰĸǰĸĸʢƵ˵ǱǳߣڸƵ󣬵˯úЩҽʱҹΣҲ˯ȣһ
շһЦдַҸԺ֣ұ
շɰױ֣˾˵ˡ
շӢһµҲҪ
˺ˣҲһֻշЦֻһ˱Ƚϡ
շӢͷСʱΪҫ֪Ҫ͵Ͳˡ
ĬĬ˵Ц֪շ񵽵׺շɰײշӢһոʮŹͬ䣬ŨŨꡣ
շɰ׺շӢӣշûո£Ƕշ
׽㣬·ǣɣ㲻ˡ
ﰵ̾շɰ״Ϊһ£շƵƵȥ̣֬Ϊ˺ˣ룬漰շȴǲܽȥġ
һᣬۼްǡ
䣬ܼȴշ˴ˣܹү˵ү˵Ҳһ
շ˲죬ĸܹӣ
ܼҹ֣ܽ깫ӡ
շæ
˵ЩֹĪʲôչ
ܽռңշˣʺϣĸβνСѰãûʲô˼ȥἰԵƺˣЩãʼ仰ܲƶһЩ
շһȥ
ﵽǰͷֳܽշ˵ĸȥæ뵥ãʲô
ܽ˵ֹһɹ£շȻеСֹû̫ģһ˳ȥˡ
һܽƷһ
һҳ٣׺黨һ֧ҡһϵ÷ˮȹϸӯӯһգ
ܽɨһջߣ΢΢ԼΪҪأΪˣ
ȻҲһܽ꣬µвܴɶÿԣ˺죬Ӻÿ
ջߣʵʲôҪʣ
ܽٻһ°ľ
ϸ˵һ飬˵ͻȻʲôˣ˺
ܽ˲˱ƣʾС
⣬Լ⣬һʱС˺ʱһƳһͼƺͷֻʱ̫ţˣֽٻһ飬ҿҲǲˡ
ܽɫأٴλһ飬ȷϺдͼŵŲ龩дˣ׽ˡ
˵ɻֻдԷ˲ŻϴͷͼĪǡ
ƽָʹģǣ̫ˡ
ջ˼ʵӷű˲°Ҫ°㣬ɣ룬þǺ󣬿е˭
Ĭһ£ҪҪ˵շԼĸײֵ˵ǶȻţܽ˵أ
²豭̧ʵ֣㶨׶꣬˽Ϊˣ
ܽһ˽⡣
￴һ⣬û˾Ȩһ£ŵƵƵһ̣֬ҿ԰Ĳ̽һ˼棬кζ𣿡
Լլûȥ̽շҿܽԸⲻԸˡ
ܽĻԥԡ
ϲվȥл֣
֣ܽлǰ˵СʱȹңǷһ飬ǻһ顣
һ£պȻӶ¥ңҵ֣ʱз֣ҵ㡣
˵䣬ܽӻͳһֻСӣƵǰСѰټʱڵҵģʽӦӡ
ҿһƣȻԼ֧ӣܽлֵ֧ӣһ֧ĸģһ֧ĸ׸ģǿϧл֡
˵ţܽԼȴˣһʱֻӲͷƤ֣Ƿӣһͬˡҹһ
ܽ꣺á
Ϊ˵ӣ˵ˣôһھ˵أ
ƣֻʵʲôʰȥĶͬģ
ܽĸģ֪ʲôʣҲһģֲʵģһͺá
һ
ֲܽҲ̫ѹһֻСˮͺá



52 .  кϷ   ׼ӦԼ
ܽС, ֪ԼóڣʽŮ޶Ǳŷӽӽֺ, ǫ, ֶ
Դһ㣬β㱻°, ֪úóܻӭ֮⣬ҲǻԶһС, ˽ӽ㼫š
úշף¶շ޸УҲһһ, Ӳ׽
Щ֪Ѷ, ȻŷӽӽƽĴʾ, ¶Ҫǿ˼
ܽЩᷳЩʾãоܵɧš
úշ, ˿ġ
游˵Ҫת, ʱЩ޿޲, ˭£졣
κﵥദ￴ʱ, 侪, ̬ȴףһ룬ʱŮӶ̬Ȳͬ
ټʱﻭͼʵ, ЧȻˮ仹ûݽ˵Ȼɡ
Ϊ֣֪й¡
ĸﱻ°Ҳᾪʧߣȴܱ򶨣Լ˽լʱһƲ
Լ˵±ɣ游ٴףҪǱĹ龰£ȻĬﾹ˵ʲôֵøõġ
Ҳڵ֪ѣ˵ÿܹõı䡰ֵøõġ
û뵽һһ仰
ٴαء
׮£˹ͬܣΪٻı̬ȣû뵽һȻס
游˵һѡҲͬ˼ܡ
ܽЩӣζЩԡ
عΪѵ֣幤һ㣬岻Сˮ
ܽ꣺ܺãٴء
̾˿ãȷϲˮҪһСˮӣֻˮͼ棬ˮû֮ǰи֣ŰãûϵΪˡ
̬ܽȣȴЩֹյӣҪһȥ̵֬£ˣҪеرԼʱرӡ
Ȩţʵֻһ׮С£һ±Ҫǲ幤ҿһԡ
ܽҲӡ
ðɣ֪ˮжϲˡ
ܽ꿴ҲһЩʱ򣬱վǣͣסŲ̫ӣԶʧ˵Щ
ڰʾշˣҲҪ˵̫ࡣ
ᣬͷзִ硣
ܽɿ򽻵ȻʡĶˡ
ܽˣշȴǽ̸ôã̸ʲô
һһһ°ϸڣûᵽϲͬ˵ζз״ٺ˵Ӳ°ˣ°ң˵ɣҵ˲֪
˵̾˿Ͼʱ̣ҲǸĸһû˭ӲҪϸۣҲֻ죬һɹ֣Ҫݺңûʲô
շҲ̾˿˭Ҹûаʱ̡
ͷأҲ룬ɵ˭Ҫѽ
շüͷԴ㵽ܸоЩ粨Χ㣬ʱ˲ѡգĸ״㵽㣬ӣһֻ
ͷۼҲˣǻط
Żطȴ˱˵һʱæ˿롣
һסѽǽ㱻°£Ҹĸײȫˣǰͷĸ˵㡣
˼һոס˼գԼլʰãǰȥˣ֪ﱻ°֮¡
˵Żֱμˡ
μȴη̽ġ
λŮһ˵˵ЦЦģܿ͵ʱ䡣
һ÷ϴҺ˲裬лһأɢˡ
ϽӣҪӡ
壬ЩѽѽѽѽСˮǵһΡ
ϣһȴΧӣʵʲôѽһ
ӣˣѾߺֵģ±ǵСˮ£ǲҪ˵ȥ
պæͷ£Ȼ˵
ȴʵӣ׼ҪˣūʣҪ͸˭𣿡
££¡
ˣҪõıȫԼЩ¶Ҫ⼸˵ġ
£֣պҲΧˣŵ£̾壬Ҳңܹȣұ¡ܹǰѯʼ仰ȴϲСˮұĲܣӵܹһӣ׼ܹӣκŮ֮飬ֻ¹ᡭ
һ££ĪҪ˵ĸ׸ǰҲҪᡣ
һӦˡȴ̾˶ⶰСʱ£˾ƫ¶һһǲͣ
ֵ֣Ҳ֪ᷢʲôֶЩģһЩ
˵ţװϻӣϻӷֻе֣ǰĸ׸ǰ̺Ǹˣʶõ˶࣬ЩӣȥһЩˣ֪һЩϢҲʡЩ
ȷʵˣҿϻӵҲô࣬һɡ
Цãգ׬һӡ
һ־ˣҪ׬׵ɲܰ
׵ģİա
ܽᣬȴֽϻһֻӻأһᣬߵǰŴɫݶϷԾ龰ͻȻ䡣
ػذǰӣϸղǰ㾫ɡ
úͽϸоһܴܲһֻԽӣʱȡμľһֻ
ڶգܽ굽˽࣬ظȴ
ܽСʱ򼸴α°Һ£ҲŻˣ˼书ǿ߱
ܽСľӪЩ꣬԰ѼӪĸ
½칤书ǿһλ
칤ܽ꣬㹧ӣ½̶֬׵㣬շȥˣȴ
ܽһ
عʵ˵ˣ
칤Ҳи֣²ҿ̫û˵չʱЩߡ
ܽ꣺ߣΪ˽飿
ǰδתͷ
ܽꡰ͡һԸ칤ǡ
칤ӦˣŸˡ
ﻹûӣȴӦԼܽӡ
磬ʰһַһţȥշ˵һҪ
շȴǲģסð׸ȥ
룬ܽһЩշɰҲ֪ģշɰһȥҲ޷ͷӦˡ
һͷշڷакϼ
˵ˣջԼʵ¸ǰζ飬ʱἰҪɲ£ű»Ӧ
ϣܶ¡
Ѱ˼ֽ֣ˣ˳ˡ
շһһЦţֻҪţкϷ


53 .  ʽ   ǰ
ܽ絽Ȼ, ø¥ºţԼ϶¥ңƴ, ˼һᡣ
ʱ֮λδ, λӽлᣬĿǰƿ, ó裬ĻʸһЩ
Ϊƽ֮£ܽȻϣλ, ЩнӴȴֻ֪һ֮˽δ
Ե, ˽, λֻҡ
ܽͻȻһͷ, δǲ뷨
¿Ƴ谮, мλ׵Ļ, ٵȼ, ûп֮ġ
һܽһ󵨵ͷһлݵ»أ
лòȻʺһģһ, ̶ʱ, ñ³谮Խ߷Ϊǵ»ӣڵó, ǲƾĸ󣬻ᱻΪ
ܽͻȻȻʧЦԼǲ̫̫Զˣ
һʱתͷ⣬ȴ¥һշɰ״ӳת
ܽ꣺棬Ҫϵܵܡ
շɰ¥ûлǰЦչô룡˵ǵǰǰš
洫ܽ
Ʊţշɰýȥ
շɰʲϣ˵˳ǵȻӼܽ꣬ˮ֮¡
½ڣܽ깰ֵּǰȹҶ㣬ﱾֵлֻ¶࣬㵢ˡһ٣Сֵл
ܽ΢΢һЦ㻹ѧмǮԺٽ룬ٲ
շɰ׳滰˵ˣһ£ȻܽЦ
ϲ˵﷭˷˲ˣһʱ̾ȻӲʽḻȱټסӵˡ
һǲ̲סȻǾľ¥ôЩ˻סӣ֪˵Щ
ﰵЦã͵⻰ء
Цֽд㿴
ƺֽܿʽ
ָշɰĥīԼմմʼ⣬ʡ
Աд꣬һɴһ
дֱǣʮҹ˭÷ע֮ӹġӢ۴
ȻھǼ¥Ҹǳдٹˣ̺Ļƣǻʶֵġ
ܶʫ˴ȤΪͨī۽磬һ֪˲ǷƷ
ȲҪȡʲôʣƾ˵Ĳ㹻֮Ʒ
ȻӲȱʳģȻ˵ʳıͨҲܹԸ죬óԡ
ˣ֮
ܽշɰ׵Ҳһ£ӹ˿
ܽһЦ˻ͼֽ㻹˲ʫʡ
շɰȴ޵㣬ֲ
ƵЦݣȻȷʵûĲˣС˳ֲȥϰ壬ϰʶʶáʶãֻûдڲϣдСرΣ
һЦ˵ͷշɰ׵һͬǰȥ
˵ʾշɰ׽ǰϰҪ֮⣬֪úʳģҪǧ
շɰ׳ԾʵǮô׬𣿡
ش𣺡ȻǮʳ̫࣬Ǯ϶׬
շɰ׸ŻƳȥܽʵãĶĲ
ﾪȵô֪ǳģ
ܽµġ
һ̯֣¶ˣĶģԲ㡣
ܽ꣺Ժ㶨ҵġ
ת˻⣬ʵأ
Щͷۣûá
ܽ꿴һۣٸ죬ӸҡʱҲһҪ㡣
ֻõͷһֹ߰ôٻûԣԼٳһ١
Ҳʵ̵֬µ𣿡
ܽͷ⶯ȥ̣֬ΪǼ
һ㶣շôʹˡ
ǰڸУֻƾ֣һѾҳ˲ٰ»ǲǷַأ
У°֮£ûйϵ
عٰ֣ܽܲҲһ飬ͼıʲô
ܽҾ
һվлл֡
ϾǰδޣȥЩΡ
ܽɫƺ֪ʲôҸҽ䶨ף죬ǡ
ͷúСˮӡ
˵ŻţȴǻͲ˹
ܿģշɰҲˡ
һȸƣһ㣬ҪˣϰдʳĺԸ⻨ǧʽ˵ҪЭ飬ù˫ǩ
ﲻæųԲˣϿдʽѽѽǱأ㳭ʽǧҪˡ
дϣȻӻѴŲϰˡ
ϰĻܽ꣬ææǰ밲ֳԭܹӵѣֵʶ㣬֪ǲ֪Ĳʽ
һ٣֪Ӻδ֪Ĳʽ飿
ѧЩŮɣȻ㲻Ҫ֪ôֻ࣬˵ҪҪҪ򣬾һֲʽһƱܹӵ֤ˣ㡣
ϰһתЦǺǵ򣡡
˵ǩЭ飬ѲʽƸϰ壬΢Цףϰ巢ƣ
ϰ忴ϲʽ¿ϲǲû뵽Ҳͷǧֵû
æʾƱ
ҲʾշɰǰƱ 
շɰڸ糤ȴǵһξǧôˡ
ϰͻȥˣշɰסЦ㣬̳游ľǻۡ
ܽȴǵ³˱֮⣬
ͻȻԿһǵģһǴ档
շɰף
ܽ꣺
ʱ̣һöʵ۰ǰ
ζƺʮϤһʱ벻ĶɻζЩϤ
һ⻰һ䣬ǣεȳ谮ĸ˵ϲĸøɸɾ
ۿĸǰϲζ
һһʱ˿ȴո£ô꣬Ϊ㱣ô¡
۵ֻպŮշġ
һչĸͻᣬȥᣬڻڼôζϤ˲̽˭ģһʷ֪շġ
˼ĸù黹շ񣬱շһΣ
̧ͷʣշΪ븸ʳȫ
лݣĺãЩʱҲԸһ飬˼䡣
һһϸ˵շŮȻòˣµȵȡ
ֻһ֮ληӦأ׼ˡ
ϲæߵл
һʱȴ̫౨˵
ĵҲڣҲ⣬֮Իȫƹ㣬֪
һʱͼֽ˺һһһϸͼֽ֮Чȡ
þ棬պŮ
ȤЩٲöʼ䡣
˵䳤ҵ˱£ЦŮ֪伲࣬һһΪһ¡
ϣɿһۣպŮΪŮΪ


54 .  ʥ   ˮǴ
, ۳ŮӺ࣬ͼĿǵһμ
΢΢һ㶣븸ʾ£
۵Ҳ, , ˵ռŮȴ, ˵ռŮܻͼŮôһȽϣִִ, һĿȻ𣿡
һ£ռŮȻдܣΪʼϱȢ, ʣˡ
һ, ̶һӲͷƤ, ռŮҲδռŮ, ֪ǺģǺ顣
һ˵, ȴѸȨ, ռŮдܣŮԤ֪δܹ, һ˾ǡ
۵ͷʱ, ŮУʱ˲쿴һռŮһ²͵ʶ, һʤһ
һҲãڼԼýʶһռŮǺ顣
Գ٣˻ظ
һصĸȥԸ׵ˣϵһպŮ޾ϸȫ
Ӧˣȴæ£½ս̴֬һЩǷһطչ棿
ͷãȥš
ŷϴ̣ܸ֬оܽ˿̽ºϸ飬ȴûкۼΪǻһطΪѡ
Ҳܣգ㼯һӣм£Ѳӳʵǰ
ϣƵ˵νֱΪܽμľȢˣ
´ʵ
Щ⣬˵ܾμңп⣬ΪξܾܼأǺ֣ܼȣǸˡ
ţԵܽշףܽ궨£˽顣
˵ģǽڣҲ֪Ƿбԭɡ
˵Żһ¶Ȥ
ҿƽܽγԣ֪ܽжŮϲˣλܾܽ꣬һиԵġ
ڶգһ׮Ϣ£ǵ˴Ϣ˵ϰ廨ǧʫʫʽϰ֮Ѱûж⣬չʽˣҲȥǵ˺ģ˲ϰǸ˭Ĳʽһô
ӣŽȥһ֪ϰʽǴġ
һЦԽԽȤˡ
ǶܽԼһûӣ룬㺰շɰףշɰȥ˵Ҳ˵
շɰһţռȴӭ̫̫࣬ഫͣＴ̽ʥ
շ˽ӵʥʱͷԣһʱֲ²ǲ׽ĺˣҪﵱָϣҷ׷ײУæŽ˸װ硣
շ׻ǰʱּ̫ȴǣЦմշˣֻټչһˣλҪڹһˡ
շ˲ⲻֶǰ£ʲôʲô
ͷװ򶨣ʵҲЩţϾǵһνʥ
Լ룬ػʵټӦøͼйء
ˣԼйˣȷʵ뺦¡
̫˹ţһ·ͷţҶ
һңţ߹Ӱڣһǰ̫չԵȣۼҽȥ
ͷ̫ˣ̧ͷ˿ܣֿϵ֣дšĵ֣֪ǻʵ۰칫ĵطˡ
ϵͳ죬֪ʵ۳ʲôӣ
ϵͳܼܿˡ
еð
ϵͳԴסһֶֻðʵʲôðģ
˵е
˼䣬ûôˡ
һ̫չۼҽ
æ̧̫
õУָ̫ǰݼۡ
ۿ˿ڵµСɡ
վ
һʥˣнŵ˵ģ۱㿴̫һۡ
̫⣬չ㲻ţʻ֪Ļش𼴿ɡ
ͷллָ㡣
۱㿪ʼѯũɣճ¡
³󣬴С͸ĸĸֵأֹճɵȣ˵ЩȻ꾡
ֻ֪ڵǰƪۣñµЩ¶Ũ־ӲһȤζԽȥȥ
˵ӣеڸɣֶŸ˵ҲˣˣҪ꾡ģŮӳϡ
۶ı֣⣬ռŮڳȦɵ㡣
ʵǰϣ˵飬ͼȣΪ£
һ⻰Ϲ£ܽǷԼӹúЩһһϡ
ֵŮʱ飬ǻͼũߣֻ˲ųŮԣŮŪɷ׾ֻðӣþǣԵɣ֪ܹڽְ֪ЩͼֽȻųŮͼֽȥʵ
ߵͷŮԸ֮ȫ츣ʡʱʡЩճɣܳԱů
һ⻰Ŀ࿴ŮΪӣᲦΪ٣ϧŮӡ
֪ˡ
ֵͼһҪʲôʹͣ
һӵŮܷڽǶҸְˣͼ뷨ʱ࣬뽳һ̸֣Ч
ۣףССŮӣͦʣһھ٣
ΪŮӿְġ
˵ˣϻƽʮҡ֧
һ̫ʹͣš
շȵý߳һʱɿ
̫԰ʹͽЦǱչģմš
ϲԼΪٶ꣬Ҳٵõʹͣû뵽Ůһˣܵʹ͡
շѯʥ
һһϸ˵
շһʱһʱϲɫӡ
˵꣬ȴɫȿ飬ͼΪβͼ븸ףȴܽꣿʱܽ겻
ףͼ㣬һδػңںԺְͼʩΪܽڽְƽؿͼֽһȴ֪ͼֽûãҲȥͼ졣
ףϾ֮ǰʮֻ꣬࣬ΪЩ£һɣûй̫ࡣ
շæԲ˺ˣŮǰ¶ͣǴϲ£ظý磬һأɫգ
µµһ͵̬ͷһֻõԺ󵫷£Ҫȸĸ˵
æӦ£׵ġ
һ
һ˵ոǰۼ̫̫ߵӭ֪̫̫ļһ˽иô㺰סֵȥϲ˵һˣʹͣĸ׷ġ
һϲȫǾջƣææȥ̫̫ϲ
һ˵̫̫Ȼѽһһϸ˵
̫̫ϲֱƣڱأ˴ڱ顣
ֺ֣ϻ׺챦ʯóȸʱױģ˱ۣ˵ջʥɵš
˵ַԸ׼һ£磬غء
ʱϢĸӣҲææ׼ȸء
շɰ׺շӢһ·ߣһ·ʵ˲ãǰƾʽӲǧüһһֵʹ͡
շӢ۽ǣ첽շɰףµ»ظŶӣҲ֪ͨһǧָҲȥôҲָ
շɰ׵𼱱𼱣Ҹо㻹ᷢƣеǻᡣ
շǱߣҲѾ֪ʹ֮£ᰵޣ֪˽̫̫ǶȥأҲòǰȥһʱѣɫš
֣Ȱڷգ̫̫ǰɵЩЦĪ˵Ĳǡ
շɰۿͻȻһ죬ĸǰֻҵģ¡
ֵ֣ūҲǵ̫̫겡˱˹ظ̫̫Ĳͺˣ֮󶼸˵ǼǸǣ䱦ЩҲһֱ۰ԴˣЩ
˵ţʧԣæֹסȰշ񣺡²ͬǰǫЩû
շҧѺãֵ֣֣̫̫Ǳ߹ȥ
δ䣬ҲϢ֪ռŮһˣʹ͡
䲻֪εͣĹмܽʥҵʹ͵ģ
ΣҪռҼӹһżԷý̤ơ


55 .  ̫   鲻
һ, շ˻ϲ֮࣬ʺǺһڹӾơ
ϸǾٱշ˵ɩúãû, ˡ
շ⻰, ЦԼб¡
շɰ׽ӿڵǺб°ҲҪһ
շӢžٱ, Ҳ㡣
շֻøžٱװЦҾá
ٱǸˣЦ, ʹ͵ĽТĸТĸףԼ, ֵܽǷһ, ѹѹףͼ
һ, ЦТģǾЦˡ
շɰֽܷ, ҲȸԾ
̫̫Цء
һٷ, շ񰵰֮, ˣȴ˸߲ҡ
ϣ, һ, һ⣬һʱæպֱϡ
ѾЦǳԺɲܶˡ
ЦǸ˲Ŷһ, ƽؿɲҡ
˵ţշɰ׷м仰˵ء
պ˿Щշɰףʲôģ
շɰѹղҳȥ֪ܽ꣬˵Сˮδãټôܽ꣬˵СˮҸ鿪иҪҪ˵سȥһˣϵط
˼⣬ԼͣΪͼ֮ʣܽ˵Ҫ£йô
ΣΪܽԼǰ¶֮£ȷҪΪ׮£һлһ
⵱£ܽüͷ΢칤ȷô
칤²
ܽüͷøˡ
칤շĶǻкͼı칤ȴ̽һ¡
˵˲£һСӣ֪ͼΪΡ
ܽⲽºշƵƵ棬ȴ˲̽ΪΣ
¶ЩԾ룬ﲻ
칤ⷬ̽ȻˣȻӵˣһһڼ֮ڡ
ܽ겻ЦˣȻǣٹϲǴۣһȵüƣⲻ˻˵һЩ˽ܻ˶棬Ҳ֪ܣ
ܽڰ֣칤ȥˡ
ڶһ磬ʰһ絽Ȼӡ
ƴˣߵ˽ˣ첽¥ȥס
תȥһ峾С¥
һС¥ܽ˾˿ģ֪֪ף͵˵
ţֻһѾߣ·Ը䣬ںţܽ˾¥
ڶ¥˾˾Ʋ֪ӦлҪ˵ְŹţԼվڲԶţ˿
ʵʲôҪ£
ܽһµʹ˲̽£֪ͼΪΣСЩ
һֻͨŮӣҸʲôأ
ܽҲ˼⡣
ţ漰ӣظһὫ游游ʲô˵
ոȴӭλýţ׵ġ
һϣշýţɸֹһúܣǰţ˱ۣҲ̽̽أֱӾýˡ
ֵӴǰǳĻ£𣬿Ҫˡ
˵շҲЦˡ
շЦϣȴֵ׺ûףģˡ
˵ţ˱˷˴Ÿˣշæȥӭ
˷ҲʹͣһæŹ͹صġ
һ˽շ˵ϲЦĶҪ
շЦǲɣȥΣûء
˵˹˷˽˵Ըȥշɰ׳͹
˷˽ңȴշ˵СãԼҲ˵ҽչһµġ
ЦһЦʵд⣬ֻٲ˵ᱻȡ
շ˵ɩֻ˵
˷˱ϾҲΪĻ¶үϼףֻҺӳ棬磬Ƕأ˴иӡˣס
ǰСã⺢ΣҲ֪ģһ԰ɡ
շ˲ЦȻû»ʹ̫̫үң³ܹԼţҲԼͬС
˷һȳһŶ裬ֻҪСͬ⣬˴Ҳûˡ
Цţһͷһýţʽס
ɩ˵𣬲˼Ȣˡ
峾¥⣬ܽ׼ȥ
ܽ겻ģǰȥա
æֹģûʲô£ҳǸˣף㲻͡
ŵĳֵֶЩǳΪ˿ɿΡ
ϻһӣŽḮһЩˣλֶҲһЩӣ˽¶ġ
˵ϣƳܽһۣϣ̫ۣһˣֻǶ֪ˡ
ܽ˵ֻա
˷ֱظ
ܽ鸮游鷿æȥ鷿
鷿ףܽ㽫˵ˡ
ϣɫϱˡ
ǰͼ֮ʱǡҲڵСòǡ
³ĻУȥѹ̫ӣȢ׼ΪպŮвܣѡ
ͳ۾꣬Щ˽λ˵ϴ˻ΪԼˡ
ˣҲΪҪˡ
Ͼδ֪Щס
ܽһۡ
鲻ˡ
ʱ̣ȴ·ϻˣòͣ
쿴ȥһֹۣջúõģôͻȻأѵй£
æҪ˵ɻ˶ѡ
˼УŮˣʱĳӳ֣ͬ
ȻһߣŮײһĻ𻨡
б£ȴͻȻŶӣɫ԰ףǻ
󾪣ʵôˣ
ͻȻʹ
æͨ磬һʵǳԴʲô
յʲŵȹʱǡһ㣬һ顣ĪǺ⣿
󼱣ÿظҵҩ¡
ææȥʳҪʲôʱ޺ã
һͷ⴦мʯֱĻˣûô޺õġ
˵ţȴһʻЦλĳôȥա
̧ͷһ˵ˣǾȣλʮ߰ңʸ߻òмܽ꣬ʮֿ
ܿģһģĪţλ¡
һһԷװ֪꣬ü٣ǰи밲
Ӹ¿˿һţ䲻׾Ȼü鶯˳֮ɷշ
ЦԼݳҪһˣȴûšŹĳˣҲԵϳظ
¾裬ʩŮͶ£ллºˡ
ֿһۣҿüЩϤŶˣЩպֵķպʲôˣ
ֻõպҸס
һ¡ЦҲˣҪָһˣиżĹպ֡ϳգ
΢΢һ㶣˵پܾԷǲǡ
λǰӣһĶ
ۼ˵һʱƬҲ޲ãҲ£Ҳ£ȥ¹޺ٸ
ǡʱڴʹ-
˲ֻ࣬ǰգһ


56 .  ϧ   ȫ
ۼռŮѾ, ǲɹ˹
䵱ΪıЧ
ϳ, ԻռŮո, ȥ˵ûһ, ˭ţ
Ҹ֪ºԲռס
ʱҪҪռŮ, ʲôʱɣҲһ֮䡣
źȣӣ, ȴó, һʱͷ, һֹʵչôˣ
ǰһ, ʩ, ŮССŮ, ԲͶͣ
ָָڣŮСͻȻʹ, ʱͻظо, ǡСèһ㣬ϧЩܻЩӴСһ, 󣬶С澸λ㱣
һ㶣Щջ
ռŮظȻһι£һλС澻ظʲô£
ǰһƶϧСܾС澡
ɫЩãչһϳգȻ;СڳиôҲû֪
ɵɳŮ򵱲õͰȻҼҳɺã
˵ţǻͷԸ⿪ǳ޲þŰɣͷߡ
ԣٽ⿪ǣߵǰ
㿴£Ҽƥ˳֤ŵ¡
û˵Զһλ˸ǰһ仰
ͷתЦ߱˵
˵ϣһޣɳ۶ȥ
ܵÿ죬ڵȻߣ˫ֽץס壬ûб߳⣬һһƣȴŻ˳
ôһ£ʹˣҲһЩһڵŻɫֲ԰찡һȥôǺã

ۿɳ۶ȥ̾˿շһһ˵Լ˭֪ʲô˼
ͷ۰Ī͸һλүˣԺǸѹ
ţ죬ͷһȴɳ۶һͷһų־
һŻȻ򣬹ֲʲŲپߣԭųˡ
Ҫͼı£ó֪
ڣ͸ɴһǰгˣ·м䣬һվһŮӺͳ򣬱Ϊ⣬ЩŮ㺰ͣ¡
չ
æǰ񣬡¡
ͷˣôûѾ߳
һѾ߳ʲѾ߸ʹ·˵ҪȥոŮͰӴѾȹȥ
ˣкڳһȥἰ΢΢һ¸⣬ظ
ﾪϲܱסȣͲˡ
ͷظԼ˳
ʻ˵˵Ϊε󣬸ҽС澣
ıȣʵ˵;ˣС澸ʹȡ
˵ϣ߲ѵʱ鼱Сиôû̫ࡣ
û鹲ͬã׼˵ܽģһʲô
عҲǻУСˣĸ
һĶ˶Խ£ʲô̷չ󳤹ˡ
˵Żո
ոڣ֣ȴææȥշãүӭȥ鷿
շϲֱӵˣҲû˵һ
֣֡ȡһǰǸСѾͷʲǷգһַСˮϴᡣ
շɫһ䣬λѾͷ
ֵ֣ūˣ˵·ˣظ˵յʱʹµҽΣӴһ 
շЦպô氡ͷݵ𣿡
˵ţյ˸⣬ţӭȥһ裬˵£ˡ
ᣬշЯȥһߵô£ôųģ
˵ң﷽˵ģշ˵ˡ
շϣЩɻƶϧСΪӣС澣˲⡣
˵Żշָĸˣ˵˱ʹͣءʲæţǱȥĸǴƷ裬ٹȥ
Ӧˣ˻طˣȴǱߵ˹ˣүŹˣùȥл
շһЯ֣һͬȥ鷿
鷿æллС澻ظͷСλ
ЦǰմһλŮ䣬½ŽӻأҲ⣬ǰڵϣͼ˵չ棬ʢչдţŸʿͼԾȻǽǰˣҲδܻǰ㾫ϸ
΢΢һ٣û뵽ջ·żչϧţչյ˸ʹͣտɱ·ϳ£չ뻤һ̣ûϵչﲻ
һЦչﲻСȴ
ӴӴ״ˣ
Ȼֵ֣̿ݵøС澲֪ߵغ񣬾õͣͷС澡
Цֵͣһ⣬С澣¾ʹ˽ҹ
æлֳǰСٶл£
æٴεл
ʱǡ
æҪͣȴסմշҽչͱɡտͼмطҪѯչһ·ȥǡʼ䡣
շĶһֻۣý˴׺ں͡
һ·ߣȻһ·ʼͼϸڡ
һһ棬ҲЩСȣȷʵоͼģҪȻҲʲôϸ⡣
˵ţͷһȺ̵Ĺͷģշ
շһǰ񣬿ȥ밲
˵۽Ƴһ
ЦһЦֵ񡣡
շûȥ֣һȥ
ͷЦǽ
ѧŮ²ۣȫ
շȴǳûһۣﲨۼ޶ã
ø⣬ԼнӹԾֻͷЦչǷһ顣˵Ųˡ
ʲô飿ָջ
շ񣺺ððǰԿվʶңô۸ôУΪʲôǰ˵ò᣿
һҸܽףҪ
շһطƣֻĿѪӿˡһϣ˹ȥ


57 .  ˵   һŮټ
֣תͷշε, ŵùȥǽкѾҲææȥշˡ
շ˺ܿˣҲ, æȥ
û, շԼˣշ˵ֵû, ĸ׷ˡ
շڴߣշ֣ʵö˶˵, ͻȻε˵ֵ֣ˣշ̲ġ
շĸףǵ£ҹ˯¡
ֳ֣û, շǵðҹ, ˵ҪϿûֻҹ, ƫҹ˯
շ˼ˣֵ֣Ļô, ôҪԼ
շҡҡշ˵ֵĸ, ¸±Ǹ, ָߣ׸ӢҲ, ˵궼, ûӰҲһֻһ, ҲĸĸԾ͡
շ˲շͷۣҪָҲԸӡ
˵Żˣշϱϣֻ˵ȣ˶ౣû󰭵ҩˡ
һʱ䱨˵͹շˣ̽
շһˣͷѪַڣѹȥŵĸףҪ˯һᣬա
շ˱ԼҽãҲü⣬˯ˣټǡ
շɺã˺̣ȥ⣬͹ˡ
շ˻ҪæŹȥԺ˵
Ǵ£ֲ֧ӵӹʡˣأ
ʲŷҩˡ
ҲЦʲƹ˵Ż±ϣѺ࣬УʵʹҲˣⲡȴųġ˰
Цô¶رЦأһүһӣӻһ
ҲЦЦȴЩǣ֮£żȻ󻹲֪ʲôء
ЦţҪͻʵ͸Ľҡ
ԷԸѽҡó
ͱϣס㣬˵˵£ʹ󲻴˱£
˵䣬ֵǳνЩţҿ
ͷű³ľòҲ֪ʲô
Ƴһ Цʵô
һɱ˵
һ۸̽ڵȫһģͨ˽ѽ
ʵ֪ȫģ
ЦһЦµġ
˵ЦţȴѾ߹˵ǹ˷׼ǣһȥ
͹Ժ⣬ֵ˾ܹ档
գ۵㲻ҷҾͳ
Ц컬ģ˭ᷳ㣿
һЦŸǡ
շ߹˷һˣ䣬˵˹˷֮¡
ϼ׹Ȼãյ˱ʹͣŻк˼һףβһ
շ˵ʵһ¡ϻر°ߣܿ챻ܽȻأ¶Ժܹ鲻Ǻ¡Ҫ˵װɣ˵ܼңǶþɩˡһɩԼˣôҲʱǵȥҲԶ뾩Щԡ
̾ԴϾܹ˼׮£Ѱ˼ţǲǾض塣ضǲܱƽ
˵еµٿǿǣ˵ˣ¶ԼԸ⡣ûͼȸܽ꣬ûôҰδǵġҲǷܲǿŤ
ܽټ޹죬һ黰
Դ֪֮󣬱칤עżӴСѾߵո£Ҳ֪ˡ
һܽȥ顣
ܽĻɫӵһΪ֮ĿǽӽûȻˣҲ˱һռӡΣҸе˱Ҳȥ˵ˡ
ܽ游ϣò
鿴һۣôǰ޿޲ôµļˣ
ܽԼνӴҲʺϵܼˡ
һµƣҵپռסգȥʡҹζࡣȥԳ⣬Ҫг㣬Ҳ֪ЩԤϣЩ˰ŮЩȥǻ
һͷ˷Ҳ˳Ԫ˵֮£ÿŵĿǵ㲻֪ǻߵѾߵ˸ǰһӭȥʱ
ʱڸڣû׼ոǰ£ʹһ飬ֽйǶ˼䣬ɫ˵
˵ϵѽЩ뷨
˳ԪˣĶã
˷˵ˣǻлѽͿˣֻϣֱӽ˵ոױɣֽһԥ뿼һռҡ밡Щ˼ȻˡҽѸС˵ˣҲýţӣҿѶһ룬ȥףʡҹζࡣ
˳Ԫһ㶣ôֲˣ
˷˵ⲻǻûȥôǽȵǣҲֲǡ
շͷڶռ̫̫ʱѹ˷׵˼͸¶ˡ
̫̫һĿһ˵ֲѣβһɩҹȻãϾҪԶ޽ϣһʲô£ԶˮȲý𡣡
շҪ˵ȴӱˣýţ˵׵ġ
δ䣬һӽˣлýס
ţѾ߽˵ǹ˼ýҲˡ
շĿ࣬δڣٴνٴס
£̫̫ҲĿˡ
ϱ˻عæȥӴν
лҹ˼ýţǾǳģǻһ˲伤־֪һսʤˣԼھǱȽý֮
λý򸹸壬¶ȶԷԼʤ㣬˭룬һתͷνˡ
λýһŻһۣͬˡ
ЦأνҲ˵ýܸýűȣ
λý꣬棬о䡣
Ȱνߣپһʤ
շ˳һͣνһȲ˵Цλýһ࣬ʲô
ǳλýæݼ˵Լ˭ýš
˿շٹȥν
һѾϲ
ѿڵλǰףռҵңģռҲѡ񡣡
ʱһܣĵۼ˭ܼϽꣿҽȹռҲѡҪѡˣֻǲһñԲλ࣬Ը˵Ľڡ
ڵһŮټͬɹֻһλһ˵˵ԼҶɵ˭ʤЩ
ν͵Ҳʹá
λýҲ𣬽ӿڵˣλ˵
Ҫ˵ʲô
ý˵ô


58 .     ˵
ٶ, Ȼ˵
Ҳǫãһ˵ΪܽȢռŮҼܽʮ꣬ȥнʿ, ǰյΪ̽, ڽְ
˵ְܽλٻһ, òѣռŮ
Ϊܽ겻Ǽò, ѹˣֱʤ֮䣬˵һ˵㹻ˣٴꡣ
һ, ǰδ, ֮ͼռ˰Ϊѡ
ٴռףռ, ܴķ濼ǣռҶѡ
ý˵ü, ϲ
ֵν˵, ΪȲܽ, һſڵΪμľȢռŮμľʮְλǲν, 꾤ҵҵ, ñʶľ˿ʲƽϣƶϧС, С
νص㴵μľζðСŵȢռŮμҽռŮԼŮľҲᰮ䱦մշӦУ
ýνⷬЩֹ˵ý֪꣬ǹŮһȻǿŵǷƥ䣬ڶòԸ񣬵ҪŮ᲻Ůá
ŮԼѡѡȴǿԷǷ顣
ǿǴϻνףǱˣ˵ռŮԼѡ
ν˵ⷬμľһˣΪŮӣһܽȻᰮĽ̫ܽãദⲻСӻμľаȫС
ýǶ˵ýƣΪһ֣μľʤ
ν˵ϣλýŻһۣĬ˭ҹְȨƴ˭˵ֵý˵
ýȴæ˵ֻշ˵үշˣչдţǵùʹ͵ģͬһŮӣףȴչҲҵ˵ǡ
ý˼ţһ³Ĺþǣ̶ʱȴܵõʵʹͣȻԼţͬһһϻܼҺμҵףռ˵㻰ˣһ˵ǣбҪ
ҪչԼԸѡңûʲôˡ
շ˶һۣҲ֪׮£ѡ˭ˣҲԼͷһ룬ͷͬýŵҪ
շ˱㺰֣Ը䣬ֵͷææȥˡ
ֺܿ쵽˺Ժǰ֮£ֵүͷ˵װװ磬ǰһˣ˵ǡ
һν֮⣬лýǰ𾪵ôô
Ц꣬Ҳǰ̫ʱ˱ʹͣûˣҲʹͣȻӣģôǰףҲϡ档
֪˼Ǿ˸˳ԪңҺлǺأ
ʣңǳϱңɣҷϽҲΪлǵͬڵǸлңλлСɺܹӣȴǱֵܡ
𺶣Ȩ˼ȦӺӡ
˵Żææװ
ոһۣٻü㴽
һ٣׺ָ׸ǴС黨ϻʵʹ͵Ľҡʯ׹
ַ͹˫ǧˮȹﻻϡ
װϣ˺ȲɵҲǰ׾ˡ
ǰǰһ
λýŸǾȣǰռŮԺݣòһɫû˪ѩҲڣüۣΣһˣò
˺󣬱շˡ
շʾýſ˵ˡ
ý˶ӣҼóСӵ˼˵ýɹʸߣһжϴ˹ԸǿԼ⣬ױ˵´򸹸壬һ·ڵΪɶ?ռŮף»ʮ꣬ںµ䣬ΪԸºͣŮӣһλ֪Ϊޡ
˵Ƴ̬ͲͣŵףȴһԭʡһԭҪӳͻһ˵ˡ
볤ϱýܣһҲͻᣬԵʱڲԶۼչ˷ֹʨӹʤ
ý?ʤ͸룬ֵһպӱչ£չ³󣬶Щũɣ֮£Ϊ£ǡСʱĸũׯס˼꣬Ҳ֪񼲿࣬ԼչӦйͬ⡭
ýƬְֱ̣һֻӴ򿪣һչȴչﲻʶ˵ýʱֽлʦһФ񡭡
չ뿴˱ˡ
һƣףҲͦܽˡ
лҺ͹˼ҵýһƻˣȴǰһ޳ܡλӹȻҲ㿡л㿡ǻʦɣøЩ
ô»ûνǲʱýš
ýŴ￴껭񣬱źãŵһˣԵչΪޣӴ˻빲Яһฺ
ټ֣ص߲ܹιӣݳģȴǶһݡƣ޼۱ѵɡչһ䡣
飺֪ý˵֪˵̶ȡ
ɨһֿۣһۣµһϻ۵ģΪⷬͶġ
νý˵ĻȴЩɵˣԭýŴһˣġչﲻ⶯գ
ô֣ЩѾȴѾȥֹ˼䡣
СѾߣææȥշ񣬰е˵ˡ
շɫѿЩʱˣû˵ףﵹã̶ʱ䣬ףһ׵ˣȫͷ˼ҡ
ȥֱ֣㰲οշĪˣܰġͻȻţ߷̵Ѿߣ˰ٰ²ֹ
˵ֹ˻һշɫŵһүȻҪæ£ʱţһ˳¡
շһɫһЩĵֻֻҪ£ǲҡ
Ҳǰ£˼ռס
һЦֿ죬ܶ˭ֻҪûʽţеǰ취
ҲǷǵȢﲻɣȻô㲻˵õˡ
δ䣬ƽҲٶռ׵ϢӶˣһƷԱռףô𣿡
ãܼҶڱصãҪȻˣúϣһֻϺ꣬ҲҪġ
ƽŵ磬£ñͷϣ³ٳδܷ̫ӡ
һɫ䣬ãݵúԡ
ƽﲻң
ε
ƽˣߵèḧ˸Ц˱˱գܽ꣬ҵơ


59 .  ѡ   ˭ܽ
ռǰ, ý˵鲢ïֱ?ɹŽһ֣ͼֱӵڴ
ʲôأǿһٱŵ, ýⷬڱĵط, ԱĹЧ, ȴֻ档
΢Цһ
ýţǰɣһ㶯֮ɫҲûС
лýһ, ˲˾СӲģʵģǰ, صлҶڼܳ, ףʲôô, ܵʲôЯǰص㲹лԵ, չ, ԺҲʹ, ʱСԼӣ̹ţ볿趨ʡ, ңý
ò̹, Լһ䣬Ķһ¡
лýż״ٲչ, Լ뷨Щʲô£лҲԸⶦùԸ
ףŲ
תһ룬ý˵Ļˮ֣ܵ棬ŻЦһЦһλ
лýţտЩݣϷûϷأ
˼ҺһӸýţŵ˵׳ɹһʣ˹˼ýŵ´ʮ־񣬷˼һС
һڣ˵ռ˼ҵݣ˵ϼ׵ĺôᵽεżʱкøУ̶˵Ϸ˵˼ڽϵĺȡ
֮飬֮ʾ֮ԲƣӸ޸֮ѡ
üһҪǿųˣýֻⷬ»ᶯġ
ý˵꣬շ˱̬
շˣһܼңһ˼ңýŵĻȴַѣЩԾ
շ˱ȥ顣
շ˵׵УһλŸҹӺлҹӣҵҲҲ㲻Լ˼أҪһ
ĸף׺ҪһӵˣܹƾýżߣҺлҵĹӣҲδý˵컨׹ҲųѡˣȴϤѡ֪ԷΡ
շ˵ͷ㡣
һʱֳԼΪ£ǵȻҪӽ£ܵõᣬȥϣңײԼġ֮ų
μľԴ鲻İݣʵһѡϧĿǰȨƼܼңԼԺҪ£
ܽô
һܽ꣬еСС̾
ܽ귽̫ˣֱǾŮеˣһ̫
Ӵʱ䲻ǿ⣬ǲԾЩӸ£һɱסԽС
ܼ˵̬ȣһƺҽףǸʡ
һܽշ׶꣬˵ûа˿ݣܸоЩ
Լôرܽĳģ
ЩмѡһǶ
һоЩֹʲôأ
ʲôֻҪԼףܹͣգ
շ˼ãҲųҺлңʣ¹˼μܼҡμҵ佫еǹ֮գμľԴȽϣá
ͷţǾųμҡ
շ˽ܼҺ͹˼ұȽȽȥҲЩԥͷӦ˴ɩ˵ԼԸ⽫˼ңµͷܹܼ̫ãòҪ
ܽǰ˹ףǹƽôһѱԺһλӣ˱ŮӣӦ
˵˼ңǵͼޣһ˼˼ɣ㲻ұ
շҡͷѡ
µµתתȥ˷ţϺշ˵ĸף˭Ҳѡ
շˣ
ۼշЩ鼱ģҡҡֱۣĸףʱ䲻̫ˣһʱ䣬ĸףң
շ˼ʮˣϲá
ϵܿѽĸףڣۣˣʱѡһ
շ˻һ룬ܼұգܼңǳ׵ܼң˭Ҳѡ˭Ҳ
һҲ˵ԼɩǶԿ˵һ˵ǵһȡ
һ룬շ˱㶨˵ˣ
ЦһЦˡ
շ˱ң뷨˵ˡ
ȨƬ̣ҲͷӦˡ
˵Ƭ̣շЯ
շ˵ȴסˣЦףĸףЩԼ˵
ǵģҪνýǱʾͷ£Լ˵
շ֪Ťӣֻõͷ
иվλǰףСŮңֻһ˵øǺõģʵѡ˼СŮӱһ⣬ҹӽһ⣬˭Ƚ⿪ˣСŮӱѡ
һѡһš
ȻعЦչ⡣ͽסܼң
νȴЩֹҼ佫Ķýʲô⣿侲ǵý⣬ûȥ⡣ʱ˰æ⿪ǡ
ýǸ˼ȻҲӦˡ
һʱѾֽʳ㵱˵棬ֽдһѧ⣬ܳķݣѾ߷ֱݸˡ
ӹֽһƣסˣ㷨ͳѧ⣬ͨǽⲻġ
ĪҲǴǱг¼ģ
鿴һ⣬ͷĵչֶΣ⣬̧ģ
ʱҽⲻⲻ˻˽⣬⣬ᴫȥ֪вš
зˣѡһˣĸ߶Էν⣬öԷڽ⿪ʱˣ
Ѱ˼ţҲȻһд־ģ֪ѡܼܵõ
Ƕ
⵱£ȴܳ˼ѧ⣬ٸ߳˵Ժ׵ģȻǻӣҲҪ⣬ⲻߣ¡
ýֹˣΪԼ˭ҲҪ⣿˰ɣ
ЦһЦǿһģͨˣǻӣֻҪ⿪⣬ұ֮ⲻȻǻӣҲޡ
飺ףܺúܺãһ˵˼ҲҪˣⲻҲǿ
չϻ۰
鵱ҲģȢ
Գ٣˳ǡ
ڶգռŮѡ¶㴫龩ǡ
ҽⲻ⣬ܳݣóȥ˽⣬˳¼һݣʵǰ
һΪԼвţ±㿪ʼ⣬˭֪˰죬ûһʱƣ㼯ϸˣǽ⡣
ܽһߣҲⲻ⣬һܼˣһ⡣
˼רѧˣڸרĽ⡣
ϣ⣬Ҳʵ۸ǰ
ΪۻʣһкʤģⲻĽһ⣬Ȼⲻ
ʱ̣֪֮⣬һʱȴҡͷЦռŮƻסˣ̧ۡ
Ա߷̵̫֪ʶȤʱӿڵʹ͹ˣһЩܵģ
ۡһЦҿʱ˭ܽ
˵Ϸޡ
գǵʶüֵˣ⣬ŷŪ⣬Ҫһ֡
Ȼûһܽ
Դ˺󣬳ѧ֮ʢ⵹벻֮¡
æŽ⣬ոѵð˼ա


60 .  ü   ͷһ˿
, Ժϲ
ĺᣬԼոء˵, ʢүͷ, ˵ǽŮз
Ҳĺյôһڸ, źԺˣҲмӡ֮ǰֻŷ, ѹڣȫʹ棬˷򣬼źԺ, ϸš
˵, һЦ˵, ӡ
շͷ˲֮ǰ, һʱ, ֲˡ
շ, ȥ̽̾ôͷôǺã
շڴ, ۿĸ׷ˡôһʱ, øǳȴ
շæס֣ο㲻ʱ˵Щ, ˣĸ״ȥһŽ򵤣ЩֽЩ򡣡
ֵҽʱʱʩҩƵһֵʮֳƽľЩ𣬺˵㱻˳Ϊ򵤡
շֽ򵤼֣ͷͻȻһʲôĿڽ˽ʣʹ
Ȼģеĵط֡
շɫˢһ԰ˡ
շ˼״һææĿڣʵôˣ
շǿ㶨񣬴ʲͻͷΡ
շ˱úŰա˵ŻѾߣҩûУ£˯
ѾӦˣæȥҩ
շ˴շгɳòУԴף˶ˣȥɲС
þѰһź¡
շһϣͷʹȴûпֻװ˯ڴϣϸϸ֮££ֻмö¶ȴ̫ģӰӰ´µģ巢˺¡
Σ֪УҪȥһˣϸϸЩټҲһн̵Լںδ
շ⣬˯
죬շתȥշˣ˵ȥ֡
շ˼Ժãͷ磬ĸ״ȥ
˵ֵϾ󣬷粨Ҳ࣬һҪһŽ򵤡
˵ϷԸѾߵȥԺһˣ߹磬һȥ֡
ѾӦȥˡ
շշ˲ҲҪĪʹ죬ֲܷԣ˷һݺݴһֻϣ꣬ɡѽһгֻշɰ׵ģôһ̣ǻˣһֻ
ֽʹˣȴǽʹԼĴ
𣬴ǰԼ˷Ѿߵݸܽ꣬˻أʱһҲǽʹʹġ
ŴҲҪﳢʹζ
ڶգշ˴շﵽ֣һշ֪ȷʵе֡
ͷЩκˣշ󣬿С
㣬շ˾ǮŽ򵤣һŸշһŸ
һʱСùշȥҺ衣
շ£ĸףһߣɢɢġ
շ˱㺰һ߰գ
ЦһЦշ㣬߰գ
շ䲻һշ˵Ҳþֻܾôй
ȴĹշľֹţرע
һᣬշͻȻͷһ£ĸײڸǰҲüʣ࿴ᣬͲظҡ
һЦչһȥˡ
һߣշ㺰סһλСãʵпеҩ
СõѽǱߣյƫомֻʩԼҩô
շҹȥơ
УڵҩȥƵҩǲмǼֻ
ƫңȻżֻҩ
շҩһʯڵҩڣˡһ죬ԴͻȻҲˡ
Щģ£м
ۿ죬һµҩԴ죬һأûʲô
ټɫ죬æǰһʵôˣ
շҡҡͷû£Щ˶ѡ
̾²˳ٵǰͷȥһ֧ǩ
շˡ
˵ŻǰͷߣȥѰշˡ
߼ȴһЦոλ˲ãǵ⾹ӼķҲⲻ
һҸ˵λΪӣд˴ţԾټΪˡǸŮӳ
շɫõһߣϸϸһƣȴ˵İĹ
շ˺˵껰շˣظ
䣬շ˽Ѿ߿շ½򵤣ʵ˯ˣŷ
ڶգշڳȴǵ¥
ЦʵչôұкҪ£
շʱҪһϻ˵ü˵ոףΪδжûʳ
һ£ſڵһ£йء
һȤ鿴շ˵
շһƣͷһɺ죬ŤͷңҾҪ˵ʲô
ЦΪÿô
շһȣһŵպ󣬳˸淢¸ǰ˵˽ã˷ܵ¡±Ͼ漰ˣ߶Եãæ֪
˵ϴ˻ʵЩ죬ѻһ⣬Ͼֻո֪ģһЩС¶ô֪Щ˵أ
Īǣܾȴ֪֪£
ˣ£Ҫúá
շ⻰۾ȷʵá
Ϊرշʱ쿴ӹĲƷԣú׼ʱһ
ٲѸɲ֮£ûӦҪŻɿڡ
շһ˿˵ͻ¡
һᣬշɰףҲھ¥ܽ档
һ棬ܽʹ˷֧շɰ׺ߵˣųأôЩӹȥˣɱ˵û
ֻðֱһֻСϻƵܽǰ
ܽҿóһӣƣţСˮرɣǶһݰ
źӣСϻӴУһ裬ſķأ
ת߽ܽӴЦ֣˲ƽ
ܽ겶׽ͼӣãǱϾϤҲ֪ףⷨˣҡ
˵ţ籸õֽʣƵǰֵҸĥī
ûãҪβſд
дˡ
ʣܽһڴͷֽдһ֡
ܽһƣֻֽдţ÷Կຮ
һ㶣ǽⷨӣ
ЦŬ
˵żܽɫʣЦøˡ
ܽЦţͷһһϱһ˿ϼװССģһʱͷһ˿⣬ĶҵƤ
ֱ𣬻صУܽͷ˿Ȼδ
ڵ»һˣüۣȻ


61 .  Ʊ仯   һ֦
һհ, ʵܽҲѻظȥ鷿˵
ԴܽȥнʿǰյΪ̽, , ۳оơ
չзһ£¿ɴС, Ʒһô¸ܽһкμ⡣
һʱܽ, ǲףʾܽ£﷽˵
գ޵ǰ, ˵˽, һλûУǵͦŴһ, ֻ߱¡
һŭ
ĸ, 游뽫, о, Ϳ๦ߡ
Щ䲻谮ȴмӣ, ҲĿس
˵, ҲҴ֮Ůûϵúôȴûһ
üȻ, Ҳɱ衣
۴氲ٰõá
±ѹ£ס˻ʼ棬ûϵϣͻȻһϢ˵ǸδǰŮǾʶﻳģδǳ֣ǽġ
סȥʳһʱҲסȥʵá
Ǹʣܳȥֱһͷײڽǰ
ˣһӾʹˡ
ҵöĺӣ˭ģҲ˵ˡ
İ
գͽ𷣡
ģҲ˵ǽ޷
Ҳ˽£²Σͽ˽£һϣһô³ۡһȴһ֦ˡ
ܽƬ̵·̫ͻȻɵҲĶࡣ
ʵ㻳Ϊ
ܽ
һЦƵһ
գоƹȻ仯
Žĸڹȶȱ½ˡ
ټϽʮֳ谮лݣлݵͥȡ֮ơ
Ĳ¶ȣлУͷǲǻֱӸǹ
Щ¶ȣȴһлСĻȴСô̵ʱ䣬ץס˵ۻʵġ
ֻȻܻ˳»ӣ׻ףδ˳󡣶Сڽлϣʱô
ȻԼ
˼ıţٶһշǶõģþΪ
ȻҲڸʸǰ¶ȻҲҪɡ
ǵ⡭
гʷʵʱ˶ڽ⣿
ʷˣֵڣͷ˵⼫ѡ
һ£˳ʷ
淨ӲУò÷ǳ档
ϣеǷ˵ⷨӡ
ôգȴշɰ׺շӢ԰ϰ
շɰ׺շӢֹ˵ÿֳڵɣܵõʹֻͣģûùʹͣҪúŬһѣܲҲһʹ͡
շӢȴҡͷ˵Ͽϵ书Լֲ佫û佫Щȡ
շɰײͬ㿴ܽ꣬̽ɣ˼Ҳƾ书õʹͣΪβܣ
շӢʹ˱ˣӡ
ֵһ˵һ߲
ϣٲҲûһһֻֻ㣬һֻֻӣҪȻտһǰһսƷǰտգҪˡ
ѧС䲻Զ֮ǰͶ׼ͷȴܵҪ׼վԽЩʮкġ
շɰʮֻһкģĽÿˣе㣬㵽ôģ
ｾ³ĺӣ󣬾׼ͷ
շɰף
мȫƫշӢҲܹҪʾһ顣
ֻðָģվƣ˹ߺͼҪͬһֱϣ׼Ҫɴֱ࣬
շɰ׶ʮһкģշӢһԽ˺ģǽвԶĻϣֻҪվԶЩ䲻С
ȻҲ˼Ҫõ̵⵱£õȫ˰
շӢ̾ǰǸȥܽǴδ򣬶پͻӦһ㣬һֻװװ棬ҲǽˣӦ𣿡
շɰĿһţǻӦģǿ̯ӡ
շӢɥҲһֱġ
շɰ룬ҪĶȥһܽ꣬ϲϹ̵һǼ
áշӢһ̵֣һǼ죬ʤޡ˵ˣ̹ˣݣϲüȵġ
ϣշɰ׵ڶȥܽꡣ
ܽշɰ׵⣬ͷԣ·ԸǣǲС
շɰظֻҪ캦£ȻС
ܽЦһЦ漰أȷһ½ⷨӡ
շɰЦˣҾö㲻ҡ
ܴܽܲһ¡
շɰĸĸ۹˵ô׵УȻܽѣֻ¶㿨⣬Ҳܽˡ
ϸ߽ⷨӣʵѡҪ֮͸¶ܽġ
һҾ
ܽ㵽ո
԰̵շɰշӢʱΧ˺һȦˡ
ָϣշɰ׵أݣҲô
շɰ׵ոջڵģӿܻطˡ
ܽڵҲѧǰԸһҲǽ̣Ҳǽֻ̡ٲôΧۣСƫˡ
շɰ׵ͷ
ڶհܽٹʱ԰ȻûΧˣֻڡ
ܽһһָָʱִ˴ĹŮСƵĹѹС
̾Ҳ¹ˡ
ܽշɰ׺շӢרûעߣǰýƵŮӹһѸãһѣɸ㡣
ϲʲôʱ
ܽ۾Զýⷨ
һ㶣üȥƫˣ̾ŵ
ܽѹʵҪôſϻ
оܽϢԼ䣬Щ˿˿һʱһȣӣŲһ㣬ôҲ
ܽۼ⣬һƬɰЦȴ˰ˣǹͰɡ
˵˿﷽һп̫ˣЩԲġ
ڶգܽȻһŮӹ͸
ӹһأȻԼֱߵĺãܽлҲĶкʵĶԵһ
ܽӿڵҲùˣǡЩɣûµģ͸һֻСˮա
СˮСˮжȰ
ܽƺҪھܾæҪΪѣˡ
ư͵̬ʮˣԼţزܾܾˡ
ûϵϵͷҪϣ˿Сˮ̫ѿ
ܽһʮҪһġ
ﾯƳһܽ꣬ģиͺˣպãȻñҾɡ
ܽǲϹô
һʱշɰ׺շӢǱֹ˻
ܽظڵֻһŮͼŮˣȻ
ϣ룬ֵϣһǳǳۺ죬ͿŮӶϡ
ʱŮӻɫ


62 .  ͷ   
ת۵, շһ磬ææʰֽȥˡ
˷, ˯ò, һˣô, ææˡ
һӣ⼸ǰֵĴûᣬûʵʶ, Ӵƽơ
ǰϸϸշɰ׺շӢһһⲻٴζһ
շȴǶշǲҪ˳ײˣź, ǵú, ̬ȴ󷽵
һּ쿴װ, װһ£Ƿ
Ѿȴ˽, Ƚշװ, ˵ﴩװ, ģڣһ ѹշơ
Ҳߣĵһ, Ӣˬ, ƫ͸һģùհ˵Ļݣ, ţر
ЦˣһѵЩֹʹ֮ģպûУ˶࣬ӣǵ÷һ
ϵĺɰպ 
ԴϻڳͻȻʹֹ֮ʹ貢⼸ЩŹֵĵ裬Աʱ֮衣
˵Żһ˳ţշ˴շͬһ
˴գͣЪ˽ţһˮżǰ
ýɽׯڡ
ʱѪ֮⣬
ɽׯӭʵռһ˵ĹְǵһͰźõһլԺﰲá
ȴǾ̾ԭɽׯôһۿȥߣ൱һСׯˡ
ǵһɽׯշ˱Խ˼䣬Ц⴦ƺʵΪűҪׯҪʲôʲôֻأֳߣúö
ֵֽʱְСλס£ʼ˭Ҷɱֳɫߣ뻻լԺ
˵Żշշ￴˿䣬ɨĻɾ㺰Ѿ߿͸ʰһ£ϴ޹㡣
æһշһ⣬ЩۣԸס䷿סǼ䣬ɢζС˯һա
˵Ż˱˹ˣշæӭ
˴ӽЦЯշ˵סǶլԺкʱ¶ɻӦ
շЦҼҶģұϾŮ䣬ҪӦһ
Цҿˣܽȥո̵λôܻ곤ЩȻӦ
˵Цţֻ˭ˣ˭ûơ
£ǰ佫Щ꣬ĳ̧ͷ佫λû䣬ȴ佫չֵĺûᣬҺռЩĳ֮ңʵּ࿴Ůġ
͸¶һϢշˣţڴ˴пҹŮΪѡ
շ˻⣬ҡҡ˵ֱʾлŮ֮λ˵͵á
ԵҲ˼䣬ĵԺؼ޵ùã͸¶һСϢСţ´˻ͬģǾ
շ˴⣬ʵͬģػɾǲǴӴʧˣ
գգۣܽĸлϣǾý㣬Ĵȴݡ
շ˵ͷһʱȨ˼ʹϵ
˵ϣշ˵֣ŮԳɫ۾˵Եڴˡ
շЦҹ˹µĿϷˡ
˵ֹа¡
˸ǣշ˺շ񣬽͸¶Ϣ˵ˣýУҪͷ
շһ̽ĿǵĸôòڣеŮֲǵġ
շЦһЦϲϲΪǰ̫Ӳѡӣ֮ҳ㸸Ϊ֣ȨƲ󣬵
˵ţʱֹ˻շұֻ̫࣬ǵãżƥľͺá
շһ¡һĸ֪ԼôʱԣԼѵҪƳﻢǷˡ
շЩأŮ֪ˡ
շҲˣȥС˯
ȴлԺһȦȥԺ쿴һΣۼԺûбˣһʱȥֻһε
ŵֱתգȰЪһϻҪμҰء
ﵹ֪佫ȥһԣϴҼһΧտҰζҰ硣
˵ǹŮһ굱ѵò̫أɸſ񻶵ӡ
Ҳӡ
ֺ䣬ںŶūȥŷ˺μǻᣬˣֵòˣű֣ŽҲһ˶æȥߣоЩҲҴˣϽ˯һա
ŤգֻȥС˯һᡣ
ڣԺȴ󻶺ܽűµׯڣ磬ȫȥݼˡ
һշߵҲ˶˵װ磬һǰͷȥݼº;
ææϴװһһʱڿʣһƣһ裬أ䲻ȣɿյȻϸġ
Цū澿ûϸģʲǷ¹˿ڿʣ˲
˲ˣڸ㣬һʱĸ״á
ȱϣǰԺշ˻ϣۼշɰ׵˲ڣʵ׸Ӣأ
շҡͷЦֻҰǰȥˡ
ʵأ
շЦʲű¸ʫ㸸ȥ¼
˵еС⣬Ȩ䲻󣬵ûʵʶ㣬ʥݣȨƸߵģҲСռҡ
˵ŻշҲװóˣշ˱һǰᴦ
ɽׯһƬƽϣ˻ѣмΧżȦˣȼ𣬵Ʈɢ㡣
շһۼ⣬ĸŮȥһִսʲЯžȥˣȥ¡
̲סһģʮǰҲ谮ûŽ
շ˵òռơ
ò⼸֣ȴЩ񣬵꣬ʺγò˭֪
ع̧ͷǡüܽǱ߹ȥ£ɣɷһʱִһ¡
˵ܽĸлϣҲе񣬵ʵվһֱһ㡣
ջߣշ˿ЦҼҹﶼˣҿҲ׿
˵ȥϸշЦλ绨ģ
շ˵ۣұȡЦ
䣬ǰȴɧԭǳžһʱæ°ݼɽꡣ
۴лһ˰ݼϣЦ񣬽뾡
շǵһοлݣ˶ָԶǷŵ˿ԴлʺûˣлЩر͵ᲢлҹӰˡ
ϣĵֱܽá
˼ɫµ뷨ģ˵񡣡
շ˵лҾŮ
ͷЦʲŶĶзͣʫŵĶҲɸʫ˼һ͡
ôһ˵ĳҵĶһ»ˣԱȲ佫ҵģдʫҪݺѹ
һʱӻԾдʫͳ˼ʮʫǰ
ЦлݵʫţҰƷƷ
лݽЦ¾ͰȡЦ檣дСʫҲˣĶƷ˵ʫ
һЦԼʫΪٿһܽһĵԺǰ͡
ȴ佫ҵĶɷ뱣ɽµܽʲѵ˷ͣʫҲ÷ͣһ˶ݣ̫ݡ
жЦܣҲдʫϣ˵Ҳܶݡ
˰ü죬뱣ɽ١һܽܣһⲻ˼չô
뱣ɽ˼Ƭ⣬ھƣͻȻˣһվԽڶܵǰ£֣ùҲһչչܡ
º͵ʲô⣿
뱣ɽǰӣպ֮Ůչһ⣬סһж˽⿪չҲڣٳһ⡭
ָָԶӹŵļС˵ٰչչһˣ˭Ƚ͡ⲻչ
һЦ⵹Ҳʡ˵żϢţڴӣڣ
˺Ŀ⣬Ȼ㵽ֻ㬷⣬˲֣ȥݼۡ
Цź̫ȥһ߸ұ˭ܽ
ڣƽùŮ˲ȥر𽻴һ˸
⵱£ĿŮ˲ΪǸͲ裬϶Ҫں¡
òԣȻھܿþң˺ʱ;ǺϷˡ
շշţ̧ۿ֪½ҪŮΪѡôͷأ
Խ⣬ҪԽʹࡣ


63 .  һ˫   һһ
Ů˲ȥ, ۺлݣʣһƽָʾ, ǰ
Ů, ΪǻʵͲ裬ǡʲſ, ڿʣǽ˲裬л, ٱˡ
Ůһԣ꣬˱ӣȥƽչˡ
ƽ͹Ů, ȥ, ϴӣĺô
Ůл, Ҵ¡
䣬ʵ۴, ʻϻǵ, Ǵӱпô
æվ𻰵ǡ
ʵѹѹֵŴͺ, ҲǵϿӵġ
һʱ̫ʵ۶
ʵ۱
Цһ£ֺ, Ҳһ䡣
, ֽ̫ʣڰǰдһ⡣
֣Ȼǳһͬѧѡ
Ѷ, Ϊ˽ǰǵ⣬ͷоһѧڽϣӦЩĵãû׼ܽء
ߣҲȤ
дϣ̫԰ʸۡ
ƣüһ֪˴𰸣⣬Ȼⲻ
ھǰȻһɵ̫೭¼ݣһɵǽա
һ⣬ɵˣҲѰ
ܽҲɫչ⣬˼ûϻǵѣҪҲһܵġ
Ĭ⣬£ߵ˴ȥ뿴˭ܽ
£ͻһȣܿģ㷢̣Ҳһʱ󾪣찡ѵǱ⣿
ǧ㣬㲻ʵ۴͵Ĳ⡣
ҺҺã׼
Ž⣬ʱעĵͷ⿪ɰһŽ㣬£ڻ˱Щ
ң˭ϸȴһʹŻֿڸģˣһʱϱЩסˡ
ô£㾹ѹסҩԣĪǱ˫ҩ
䣬ͻȻʲС˯ʱҲһ裬˵Ǳĸʹ͹ȥġ
ĪǱ⣿
շµ֣
ͷжϣշˡ
Ǻǣֶ֮Σ档
½һʱѹ£ҩأøϽҸطˮųЩ
лݿһ¿ʵչôˣ
ϣŮͻвʡ
Ůӣһ״ڼЦǲʣȥɢɢٻ
лææߡ
߳Ȧȴ˺ͷһƣܽ꣬㸣һʲô£
ܽ˫ˮ˫ձ죬ɻôˣ
ﻹûһ̧ۼܽˮˮˮôҰɡ
ܽæˮݹȥʣͷȴһλŮܹӣ롣
ܽæԸԵȣϻ
ҿǣཹཡ˰ˮᣬһʱȴ־ڼææȥѰҡ
ܽͷѰʱ㲻Ӱ
ƿһҵţŽȥһɹŹֵ㣬һ֮£˳δת类һסˡ
ˮڵ¡
ڻƵĵһƣסģȴĵ
ĵ죬ȫǺŴ̬Щȴ
ôҲµ㣬Ҳµ¹ʣû뵽¹ʶ󣬻ĵ
ĵ׼ôշ͸
ʯ䣬ͻȻһ£ϻĵշɰ˵ƽܽ꣬Ȼǻỹӡ
ǽ֮£ƽҲйϵ
ŮݸԼǱ裬Ҳ⡭
ƽʹƣһ˫ҪܽģƲĵ
ͷתһʱҧĵϣһʹ֣ǼɰŽ㣬ĵ͵һ֣̽ѽĵȥ°͡
ĵȣЩԺһ°ͣ˽鵤ǰȴסӵ뻳
̧㣬ݺ̤һţĵʹƽһͻȻ罬һʱȴһЩɿ
æתҪߣһš顱һϣȥҪ򿪣ŷűˡ
üһȻһһ
ʱĵź˹߲ѵˡ
ˮ˲ֹ࣬༸ˮᵹǸоƺȫˣһʱұ˵Щô㣬ڴˣ
ĵȭȻƽΪΪƲңȻ伫
˵ţȴΪڴˣոҳԵʲôܽϵĶ
˵룬ôܳȥҲµòȻѰߣҪ׽һֳѡ
ĵæȥţ¼ܹңһᣬ˿ɿЦûҲˡ
ϵͳ֣
ϵͳ̵౻׽ȥף˵ġ
󼱣ӳףѵĺôҲĵס
ϵͳ򲻿ţǲԴ򿪴
ϽȥҵĴʵü˼ңۡһһ
һƴӣȴɵˣⴰϸȥĺô
ĵǴ󼱵ƺˣҪŽҪôͣ
ֻ̾˵ǱݺˣǴϹһҲѽ㵹ǲˣҿɲңӦü޲ȥˡ
ĵԥҲּ޲ȥǾͳ׺ˡ
ȻǣҲЩж
䣬Ųˡ
ͻȻʲôһֻɰһҩ


64 .  ǰ   ҩ
ҩŵյԱ, ҩȣ˲ɢһ㡣
ͬʱִ̣ӺɰƬҩ, һƬݸĵ, һƬսԼǶˣһ߿ٵ, ҩݷڱӱţҪЩΣͰҩڱǿ, š
˵ţ¼ܺ
ĵһζЩΣ, ҩǿ, ţ¼ܺ
ǲŶ, ⡰ۡһ죬ƺͷ, šˡһ, űƿ, Ų
ƽ˶ѣ
ĵƽһ䣬ͻȻȡ, šˡһ, ﵹصƺεˡ

һ䣬ָż, ﵹص
ĵɣۿ
ĵô󰡣ȷ˽㣬ǿɹɵҩݣȻҲҪε
űӣĵȱƣ̽ͷ⿴һ࣬üһŮУһλŮλƽһλӦ߷̵ĹŮλӵװ磬Ӧǹ
ʱǷ֮ˡ
ĵƣȳűߣųͻȻ˲ֲص¼ܺ
ĵų壬ض㣬һʱһƺнŲ¶˵Ŷ˻ȥ
Ųţһⲻǹ£
һ䣬죬һƬﵹص
̽ͷȥƣôصڵµģˣһˣλ̫࣬λ
̾ϢһƽץֳģӦǴշ񴦵ϢϹġ
ǽԱԵ׷׷Լϡ
ԼһλˣԺô
ˣĹ˲ϣҵۼʡô˹˶ߡ
ææѵյԱ߻ɢζĲӽͭˮУһƬҩݷŵյԱߣںܿɢһҩζǰ㱻嵭˴롣
æ꣬һʱֳĵƣ˵ա
˲ſ粽˭֪нŲڡ
ﰵҪһŵյߣ
ؽŲýŲڣһƬⲻǹºô
ܽڻкˣѹº£Ѿˮ
һһͳҩݣ¼ܺŲһ
ܽһǼٹȥ˲ǣסôˣɱ۸ˣ
ţ¼ܺһλӣȴĵ
ܽɫ΢䣬һۣ¹һʱһ
ﵱѶֳˣǵһ͡
ʣӵǺһֱ׷Ŵֻм֮Ҫȥ
챻ƽݺҸϣԺ
Ҵշոһֱ
ͷͷŭж־죬ػ
֣ܽȲҪЩˣȰ̧ϸǰ
һ£Ҫϣ˵֮¡
ĵҲҲҪϣ״ƽݺҡ
ᣬ뼰龭뵽ѣ۸ĸͼ壬ǹŭҲ
ǹΪΪ
ã
ֻгû״ܰһ֣׼ݡ
ʵӲҪ̣ƽԼ
Գ٣һȫ˳ڡ
ۼԼŮͶӻԣȻŭʵô£
æϢŭºֻ㣬Ȼ
ܽҲϣ³򣬻չ˵һ˵
ܽòʵʱԸӣµҲգ˵
Լ˹ŮǱоԿʼ˵˵ĵĵǰ಻סϣչ˵ʵʱ
ҲԼ˹ŮĲ裬֮˸ң˲Ե¡
Ҳæ˵ֻ˺ѹº£Ů˵мвλҲɷ
ƽܿ챻ˡ
һ۾ϸ˵ҷ£˵ͳɰһŽ㣬һ㣬һƬҩݳϣϿɴҽ֤ҩԡ
ʱ㴫ҽҽҩҩȥ֤
ƽʲѹʱЩԺ˵꣬ȫѣһʱȴҲûʲôɷġ
˵ڷ֮£Ҳֻ˵Ųżǻ赹ڵأûָʲô
ĵᣬȴǱ߽ӣϣϲóΪ³ѣ۸档游ڹйŷΪܰ꣬±ۣǳТ
ߵǳ䲻Ϲ£ջس
ƽⷬŭĵڸʸǰݵúԡ
ĵһתͷƽҶ췢ģ˵ûڲҩô
ƽޡһΪҪ㷢ģô
ʱѽӿڵϴٷ蹬Ůʡ
ɫ˴ٷ蹬Ů
ƽȴֹá
Ůܿ쵽ˣһʱ򵹣δʻɪɪ
ɨһ۵˭ָʹģʵ˵ˣɱһȫʬаԣȫ岻
仰ͻȻϵĻȨݽ档
ʵŭ£ϾŮСԲأ
ƽһ⣬ĹԼ
ԼʵҲ⹬Ůһһҷ
¹Ůңߵͷƽū澷裬ūϴӣ˵ū澺ô
۸ĸֵܣһһʮ˵ƽڲҩλĹ̡
˵꣬ۺѺȥ
˵תƽ̫ˡ
ƽֱ֪粻ˣ¹صʣĵĽһʱޣ˺Ϳ£븸Ĺһء
ĵϷֱãû繫ԵİĽ
ۻӻ֣̫ƽȥû޵ķԸ 
һЦǣ£ҲССǰɣ
ʱתʵ˵ɣΪλڸң
˵ˣµϯ䲻ƽȺһƣȴҴˣʲô£˹ȥƣûϵȴԵˡ
һʱҽҩҩݣϣҩҩݵҩЧȷչԡ
۱ҩҩ䷽Ҳӱģ
ǡ
һתϣصĶֻ࣬ǳŮ귢ģñķҩͼȵȣȴĬд飬һĬдͷͷʹѣȻдϡ
̾ϢŮȴ¹¹ϲŮΪѳŮŮϧǿϧ˱صĸ
Ȼˣƽ󱨸
ŮƢԣ֪һ㡣
۵·Ը̫޿ͣƽ󲻵Ϊ
̫ȥ
һ˿˻ʵ仰ƽ֪
ˣʰƽʱʰշˡ


65 .  ʰ   ҴĿ
ʱ, ȥˡ
һ񣬱һȥշ񴫻˵°ܡ
ߵȥһ, , ûѰҪѰ
ֵ, Ȼ֪鲻˳˶, ĴѰЩۡ
˵ȴƳһʲڸʸǰػҲ֪ûС
Ĵ˼, ȴѰշ, ײţ˵鷴¶
, ĵȻصϣ䵱ƽ, ջس
üݺ˵
˵ϻӻ, ޾, £
ĵ΢ۿ֪Ҳûãֻվˡ
һ˽Ը˳
ĵ׷, ֮¡
֮漰, ƺҶһʵҲ
ĵͷ, Իҽڹ¡
ܽԱţȻʣ˵ʲűǽʻǱ٣˭Ҷʣ
ĵԵͷ⡣
ܽ겻ɫ˴䵽ǻѣҲˣʹܲˣȥա
ͷл֡
ĵܽ껤㹰֣۵ĵطȥˡ
շǱһۼܽ껤һʱסֵȥĶˣ첻ˣŻĸˡ
֣ʲȥ˸ңʱټѯʽ֮£ʱ֣˵˴ʱҹèӳˣҹ
˵ţշӰʵĸףأ
շ˵ҲǣʲŻڣһתͷͲӰҪȥ
һĴһ£Цȥ˸ҡ
˵ţסշˣĸףһȥˡ
շЦҲãʲų⣬飬һɢɢʳ
ĸŮǰߣܽȴģһ׺ں档
շ˵ø⣬ۼһڹ񣬱ֵˣȥգ
շ˾ʵ˭ҵôʹأ
һָЦֵʲҹңҲһ̡
շ˵ͷûɻ
һˣʱҿշĿˣϣĸ࣬Ҫ̫ѹ
ʲţ̧ܽһ˳ȥʱ¶շֲȻļͣ̽һ
תһҩ裬ڵյǰ
һҩ裬»裬һӺڻʱɢζ»ãζˣֻҪһ̼᲻˵ĵ׻
±мܽܽһڸ⣬Ը˵һֻշ񿴵ã˿ãշˣ˿Ҫ㣬ɵڡб˹£˵ȥĸҡ
ܽ꣬ȻϵշҲ֪ܽѸշףףȻĻһӦС
ˣ֪ûԼʲôˣ˻ܽߡ
һʱţշ˽ҡ
һתշ
һЦԭڴ˴Ǻҡ
շҲһߵأһڴˣ
˵ȥշȴ֣סշˡ
շе㱡죬˫룬һշЯ֣һѿڵĸŮ
ЦĸĸŮѪȻ
շ⻰Ҳ֪ΪΣɫͻȻһ䣬ЦŮΣĸȻҡ
ﾪȵ𣿿Ҿĸҡ
˵ųշˣʵĸףǲң
շ˴ԲۣǶͷ⡣
˵ţܾշ̬ЩԣʵǺ˾һ
һɿշ˵֣⿪ٵշǶ˵ζ񡣡
ڣһϣ»ôζ˼룬֪Լںδ
շζȻɫֱˣͻȻָΪԼ˭³Ĵã˭ϡأĸײΣŽӻ㡣㵹ãһͻҺܽĻ£Ҫ¡
һӳ޻ѹѾãֻһˣȫշ˵Ĵڡ
շȴǴ󼱣շĻ㻹˾Ʋɣںԡߣĸ׳ȥǰͷҪһѾ
Ҫշȴշ˦ˡ
շ۾￴ȥӰӰ´ȫˣһʱЦҼҪǺÿ
շˣ˵ʲô
ܺãԭ׼Ҫ֪ŵʲôô
ʱڴ̼ҪȢҲȢŹŮΪҪȢһŮأ
շءһУһҧģһʱЦȻб½¸ͣĽġ
ͷܽףô£ءϸͽ㣬Īǡ
һ²ȣֵԲԣôῴϽأܵģ㶨ڴţ
շбƳѴӦջոףʱ֪ǲǴţˡ
̾Ȼѵ֪ߵýϻڳͻͷ뺦ҳҵǺˣǶ仨ζԣժڵ£ֻѩʨ˻ͻȻȥҧʤ㺦ʤһ֪ȻȢ㡣
շɫ䣬һɻͷҴڣͺҩ㣬ɲңʤҲ㣬ҡ
շǽľаˣ˵аء
ȫţָļϵĹˡ
ָ㣬ĺöϻԼºɻأȴĸ˵üײ³صģĸ׶ҲϲǴΣָʹ֣һݺңֵֽ֣ҵҩ̫̫ˡ
շеԿͷЦ˭Ͼһأұúõģ׼ˣͻȻ֣ҵһУβޣȰ㣬磬ҪȻϡ
շһѩ촽ţ˵
Ȼû̼꣬ŵֶأϻطźӵƣһͻȻ°ңҲǽ𣿡
շЦΪֻǵ˼ܽƽͷ⣬Ƕ꣬ףִȥйβޣǸӣǹָʹġ㲻ϴΪû뵽
ʵΪƶǹˣ
շЦЦҲֻҺ͹ѡ
һȻ״ͷԭˡ
̾Ϣô£ѵ¸ĸ֪㣿
շʧЦǸҳ󣬴ƱȻ˵ʲôʲôĻң
̾Ϣڲ㣬ĸߵѾͲҷУҪ˻Ҳոˣһˣ۸ĸףҲλܵܣ
շͻȻǰˣԸԾлΪʲôҪǣ
շҡһ£ڡˡһ赹ڵء


66 .  ֮   
շһ, ˲ٴ̼շæȥշˣһ߳⺰ˣ
շڵ, Щ, һͷĺӽ, ǽʱҡ
Ӱ̧շˣ˳ȥ, Զ׺š
һͻȻվһʯͷϣ˲ͷϵӡ
һ, ߵƧ
ûȶ, Ȼˡ
շ̧ۿҧ, ұڲˡ
ЦҲϲʹ󣬾ܷһѡ
շ, ˵˽֮, ȻʡԵһЩ֪, һʱֵʹԻ裬˵಻˵Ļĸ׺ǰ׿ڳ, ˵´ӦҪȢΪ, ĸֵǰֻ¡
ɫһҰ, ֻ¼ԦãأȴԵء
˵ϣƸۣ׺ĸײϣҼֻһ֮λǸӦֲ븸ĸĿ£Ҳ뵱ˡ
ԣ΢΢һһЦһŶأ
շ뵱
ѸȨ⣬˽֮£Ҳ֪շµӦ㡣
շЦ·ģһ˺Եľ
ʱ̣ȥ̫ҽĸͻȻεô£
ĸԻ׿ڸ˵
˵ţշɰ׺շӢҲˣһѯɣֵĸʲŻúõģε̫ͻȻ
ܿģ̫ҽˣǼʹģһʱιȥֻҪȰ⣬ûˡ˵Ͽҩ
̫ҽȥҩ򲻼շ񣬱һ䡣
һʱշˣǰףĸ׽ε֮£ŮйءŮĸ״ǰĸߡͬ⣡
һʱҲ룬ֻúӵǸŷˡ
շʱôп۾һϿʲô
շ۾ˣշȴĸףˣһʲôŮ
ôˣշԴЩأһƺһΣ¶ԣԳ¡
շշʣһ¾ϲĪĸʧˣǵ֮£
շְշᣬһӿǰͻȻһΣģ
շշ̬Ѹ˺򵽵³շߵͷĸףŮӲ֪ʲôǣ£ϸʧǣԼҲ֪˵ʲôǧȫŮĴŮĸ׻ǰһҡ
˵
շ˽ѣȷģһʱշ絶ʱŮಡԼģԴţǧôע˲֪Ѫ
׶ôҲݺ
շߵͷĸŮʮ䣬Ůʲôӣĸ׵֪ԴˣŮʧǣǶŮʹԻ㡭
޳Ůǧ㲻ǣҲΪ˲ʧȥĸ׵۰
û˵꣬ȴýŲһһҩ
ҩŵϣ߽ǰշ˵ĸ˾ͺá
˵ſշôĸ״ǰأ˵ĸߣĸˣˡ
շ̧ͷĸ׶ŮˣŮҲû˼ĸױأŮٱ֮
˵վͷҲؾߡ
Ŷ˼˵ˣҪѰ
շȻ⻰ʲô˼ȥĶ
շ˼շѳ˷ţ˲ˣˣȥ
ææȥ׷
շҲżŻţµȥ׷
ǰסĸףôȥ׷ˣµġ
շ˦֣ĳš
ڵأһŸշȥ
һʱˣˣһѼѰҼסء
շɫ䣬ϣҴҵĶҹȥ
շе̬˲һ䣬ġ
ԭƫһƫ̶ȣ֪£֪ݺŮȻܰ˺
﷢ŲҲշշС
ȻշüҪĿڴеıסշе׽ֱۣеֹƴС
շ˼״
һʱշɰײշӢó֣ҲˣҲ
շշ˵˵ɢעһ٣ߣһʧ£ȴ˹ȥ
æϣǽк
շߣŴô㾹ĸݣ˵ѰѰ㡭
վűߣòĬĬˡ
ԺӣŲǰߣ̧ͷܽ꣬ͷǰߡ
ܽ׺շ˺󣬵ʱʧվ˺򣬲շ˵໰һʱҲȡ
磬ҹۼЩնɸʵãôˣ
ͣסŲշոҪѰĸڰο
˵̧ģ񡣡
˵һƬᣬΪҴշĿĸ׾ͻշԼĻû뵽
ԴϾո֪ԼŮܸо룬һΥ͸УȴԭûԼ׺
ֻշס
ߵһʯͷϥ£ͷϥϣһû̧ͷȴһ޾Ϳ޳ӿԽᡣ
̧ͷܽߣҲǺޣֻǸоȡǰ£ЩһƬģҲʳǣū澳ȺȴмȸС
ܽ꿴һۣʵѵ£
ҡҡͷزȥˡ
Լֻᱻųףףĸόǣо
ǣŷȥ̽ףŻܻӭ
عռңҲˡ
һʱ֮䣬֮
ЦһԼϾ֮׳־ݵλܹҪӣҲΪЩ£أ
һѧգܻңóԸͣǧţŮҪΣóԸأ
ܽڵӸŷԼ֪ǹᡣ
ӹӲ˲ᣬһƣȴʵΪβСˮӣ
ܽ󣬲ãˡ
һΪЦ幤ãһ㣬ûʲôġ
֣ܽصӣ˵ġ
̧ۿܽ꣬ɫ䵱ǰµֿܵסһʱһǾ仰ϸõġ
ܽ꿴𴦣ңӦõѡη˵һʵ˵˵ΪʲôϴӦܼҵĻ¡
Ҳٸµƽͷ⣬˭㣬һƽģҲŻῼǡ
ܽ겻һŵˣΪŮ֮⣬Կһһ
˵ϣվĲ룬ã߻˾ôȥգ
ܻĶأҡͷԶһᣬͷܽ껹ûߣϡ
ܽҪǰ״շֻ¡
ҡҡͷδ飬δŮӣ˷绯ʲôϣΪĲ
ܽһ˿ùȥ
ǰ߶࣬ȫϵȥȴǱ˵öࡣ
˺ܿ쵽˳ǰŵ̫⣬Խȥ˳ۡ
ܽ꿴һʲλ̬ʣղ˵
һ䣬̫
ٽʣͷܽһЦһźϢ


67 .  ʹׯ   ҪЧ
, л˵Ц˳ۣá
, 밲, ۵Ǻɫʵ, кҪ£
Ů˼ǰܾȻóŮ飬֪, Ȼ⡣ŮΪŮӣ޷ϳ٣Ϊ·ǡ
һ»ʵƨʥ, , ñ츣ȴǰװ˷һƬ⡣
, Ů´ͳŮһɽׯóŮñݸɽׯ, ɽׯñ֯ơ̵ȡһΪ, һ, ɽׯĵطܽʱǿ
٩٩̸, һƬʢ
, ȷʵЩģһʱЦΪŮӣıһźԵ, һ뱨Чң
ߵͷ³ȫŮԸ
תͷЦлݵ˵ҪҪׯӣ
лݽһЦ±Ϊ檣檲Щֻ֪ΪŮӲˣȴһҪΪ·ǣʵѵˡ
ۡһЦִּ̫ռŮͼˮͼйشͳǶһׯһ
ϲ˵ĸŮ˽ɽׯָ͸ģ˽еİɣ
ԥһ£ׯǵ͸Ůһ˵İɣ
۲ʧЦȻ꣬Ȳ˼ޣֻ뱨Чޣ޵ׯӶһˡҵθׯˡ
ϹлׯˣԼļˡ
շҪҪռ˵İ裬ֻȥֻȥԼ治Фһˡ
ʥּڳϵЦôҲزס
ܽ䣬ǰʵʲôϢ
һߣһ߰˵ˡ
ܽһ㲻ˣֻչׯӣ
ͷ֣Ը
ܽĬһᣬŵһׯڳǶռؼ㣬Ǵƶ񤣬ɽˮׯ࣬׾Ӫ
ǺõģҲ״͸һŮӡй֮˵ˣǴƶ񤣬һ죬ŸЧ
ģܽüǵطׯ࣬ⲻ˻Щ͵֮£ҲһЩһŮӦˣ
ʵΪζ⴦ɽׯϤ
ܽ̾˿ÿ˰һׯǴ룬ʱоףһ껹ׯָݣ˹ٱȥûϵׯԾߣ£֪
ﲻסŲ³ģ֪ճɲãԲϷҪ˰Ŀദ
ĬĬׯǿൽ£Ҳֵġ
ܽȰתֻõգҵʱʮǺ㣬ʲôóɣҪڡ
һЩмһлл֣ׯƣһ͡
˵ţӭȴռӼǣæֳĶȥˣүͷ˵ҹ
ﲻֻܽŸȥշˡ
շѽ֮¸˵ˣҽ£֪Ҳ𷣣ֻ£ίϽҹ
ɫܲãһ⴦˶ֿ࣬ˣ˶У֪ռҽŮϣԺЦ
գԭԭǣǺȴȥȼʲô»㣬ʧ˵ЩһռһҪ𣿡
շ˿޵ͷ⣬ô죿
ַˣϻҲǣͼܽ꣬ǲǵԼиסţֳ
˵ţӱ˵ˣֹ˻
˷շ˱ס֪ˣĸҲѵǸԭһΡǽãʮҲ䣬Ҳദ˶ã治١
շ˵ĻĸףҾԭշ˵
˵ţʥּ´һׯӣҴҪĸײֵܸ𣬼ȥׯڡ
ԾΪδׯӣһΪͻȻ
һһˡ
Ҳ֪һׯµǱʹͣҲȥøй°ͺá
շҲҪׯӱ˵мׯʹׯӡ
һЦתĸ׸ǰշТŮҲģѾ׼ȥһׯÿգԻׯ̽ĸס
շ˴󼱣һңȥɽׯ֪ᷢʲô𣿡
Ҳ֪ᷢʲô֪ոһշڣҾһղȫ
շ֪αŲţ
һ䣬⴫һŲȴշӵ֣
շһƲӵ֣ˡһǰã£ѾĻڸģٲ᷸ԭһΡ
˳ˣĸײңŻ㡣ãԭҰգ
շߵҲȰﶼˣүͷҲڣβûҹ׺ͺ񲻺ã
һ̧ͷޡһڵΪ˭Ȱˣҿĸߵˣ֣ΪԼˣһŮȰˣһŮӣһūţ֪ôأҪԭ£Ҫ׺ֻͣԼȥԭȥ׺ͣҡҲǵȺ۸ġ
շ˵棬ָɣʹһ٣תڵµշЦǿҪˣҵԭ£ȴڷģгһҪҼӱգ˵ɽ׸ģƣĴκң˵һģܸˣһ׵ģִä
շһ⻰ȴӰǣһʱŭȵ˵ʲôأ
Цһ˵ʵҲǻң˺ңǻԭʲô
˵ϲ˷Ӧһתߡ
첽߻ԼסķӣһճգҪ뿪ռңԸԸ⣬ʰһߡ
պԥܹȥǶū澶š
˵Ҳʣʰ
ţȥշɰ׺շӢǡһ˵˻ʵʹԼׯӵ¡
շɰһȴׯںδֲ㣬㵱ҪȥׯӣסոˣׯӻóҲ࣬ǲո
շӢҲ㣬ȥׯвУǱʹͣūȥѲһξС
ܵܣǺ˵أڱ¸ǰ˰Ʊ˵Ҫȥׯӣ֤ׯӲء
շɰ׺շӢһЩεʲôʱȥأǻȥա
ͷҲá
ֵǻոԭҵֺԸԸңԸ⣬ɵһׯҡ
ƶЩԸʱշԻǵ˴Լ
Ͼù˵ˣЩദҲЩݣϸԻһǰ̡
շɰ׺շӢӦˡ
һʱʰ˶׼ٹȥշߵͷֱȥһׯ
ǰҲԸշͬһˡ


68 .  ƺƵ   ܾ
Ƿ, СԱ뼯ͬ, ٵ˼ͷҪո¶ͷ, ԼŮãڴڶ
ҪǴ˻ڸ, ȻҪָԴ, и״ȥȻҪϢˡ
ᣬŮһҪѰ, һŴӡ
û, ˣŮʥּ˵Ҫȥׯ, ûӰˡ
øʹתͷ˵շˣƽ̫, Ŀ޾, Լ˭
շһҲ, ҵĲǣǸϾڰ;Ů, ޶, Ļн㴦
̫̫꣬дһٴշ˻ؾȻҲк֮¡
շ˵, ʵǰʾ̫̫
һʱҲìܣֻðˣˣ취һɱ˵߾ߡ
ʲһߣշײģͽȥ̽һˡ
һӻүˣ˷ʰȥλүֳˡ
һֻʰ飬շ˵סׯӵ£ȽūȥҪδһңԼȥׯӣֳʲôճ
շ˺ۿʵһǺ˵һҪʲô£ȰصġҪ㿴Ѱ¹ģҪ𷣣ֻʣ°ˡ
ѵɵԼȥׯӣ
շӲᣬȻܡϵ⣬Ҳܷ۸
ۿһǵȥׯӣұȥһˡסһʱ䣬ˣٴظ
һ£Ҳû׵ӣֻõհգǷǵģҲֻˡ
һʱӱ˵ˣշ˱ӿ롣
˷ֻշڣշ񲻼ӰһˬһҲټշˡ
շδ˵µأһסʲ˵ĸ׵ûҲȥʲôׯӣ״½ɲΪȥׯܿġ
˵ֺۿϾ̶£ô粨ʱ˲ѣȥׯӣָиķ粨ʱ׺ĸײߣӦã
ҪӣԱס޳ʮϰ֪ˣһʱҲûº𷣣ί㡣㵽ĸ׵ŮĸѵͲˣһ۰ֱ⣬ĸ׷˭ܡʲŹϴˣҲˣǽҹôȥܹҪ˵£ʱԼˣҲûʱһˡ
ĸװڻУʰĳﵽҲۿġ
շ˼ûϷɿ֣£ҽٸһô
̧ۿշˣûĵ׻̰ĸշѹ
︧Ħһշ˵֣һʱɿ˵˺󼸲ߵͷĸףˡŮТˡŮڱ¸ǰ˰ƱҪȥׯӣ᲻ȥԴҲǿּ
˵ϣһߣ£ͬߵͷףŮТ븸ױأ
ߵͷԾþۺɢˣˡ
ҲߵͷǴǱշˣ˰Ժӡ
һߣշɰȴǴշӢԺȥշˣ˵Ҫȥׯӵ¡
շż˲ϸ˵æȥʰ
ԸӼ䡣
䣬ܽʮλȥׯӡ
ңƽ֪ˣټǺһأˡ
ܽ䣬ֻúͷ죬ܺλǱţǣֻܷԸ
ŵǳׯ
һׯƺϲˣҿׯء
ͷԺҪͷˡ
Ź֣ҵׯҰűɡ
ϸһ۱ţһĵüһܽԼúҲˣҲ㿡
æջߣȥչׯӵģʲôģ̫ġ
˵Ժȴ죬ȴշɰ׺շӢǣųһˡ
շɰһܽ꣬ǰ֣Ͷͺãͷ֡
ܽͷñżռֵܡ
׼ͻȻ죬һλӱԵȣϾ
Ѹĸ״Ǳˡ
ӵϳūŹҵȵȰա
̾˿ĸ˵˵ȥЩգٱڼ뼸䡣
ôһȣȴһӡ
һᣬһʻλӲһѶСˡ
һ˸ǰͣˣһңѾŷշˡ
շװһҪԶŵģ
һסĸȰ㣬Ҳһȥׯӣ˼ȥȫ֮ƣǸһߡ
һʧĸףǺοࣿոҪף׸ǰҲٲ˵ˣׯ࣬סùߣң³ģĶܴպϡ
շ֣صܿ࣬һȥׯ֮£㸸Ի³飬бȥ
ﲻֵĸףڱ¸ǰ׳¾˵ȥԺкԣ
ͷշɰ׺շӢǴĸ׻ȥգ
շɰ׺շӢһۣһʱ֪Ȱһá
շɰ׻ǰ㣬ִȥǸӣĸ׸һߣׯӣסһ죬ٰĸ״ء
շɰ״˻ҵׯֲʲôõطסһ죬Ҫ˵ĸףֻ¶Ҳãʱһһأڸ׸ǰ˽
ˣֻЯշˣ׼ͬ
ͷȴ˴չ
һƣǳߵ̫࣬æӭȥ
̫౼ǰЦе¿ͣۼҸչͬȥһׯӣׯͷݼׯ
һɴϲԼʥּׯӣׯͷǿѹͷߣҲЩףֱߵŹͬȥȻҪ˳ࡣ
ϵʱŹˡ
ŹЦչﲻ
ȥׯһˣһѹС֮ΪȴҪׯӸɳʲô
Գ٣̫ͷշͬһѾǼһС˹һƥշɰ׺շӢңʮλ
һ˺ƺƵһׯ
ʱ֣һ˷һׯ⡣
ʱշȴ棬˵ȥׯ֮¡
ֵһׯׯͷһݽɫǺģδס㣬һ
һʱֹ˻ĵׯͷǽˣ붯붯ʱ֪ôء
ׯôôȴһֱ˰գСٶҲһ۱һۣлûèô
Ϊó裬ƣ˲
ȻµҿϷʱܾá


69 .  ׯз羰   ⴦
һׯ⽨һʯ, ʯƿšһׯ֡
ָָ̫ׯˡ
ҳһƣʱϼ, Ҽд, ׯ͵ũѹңջ, ׼͡
룬ڵշ˵ĸҰ, Žׯ˳㿴ׯڸ
շ˲ģز죬ɱ˳ײˡ˵źͣ, Ҫȥ
æǰֹĸ, ߲ׯЩ·ģŰաҽžͺá
շ˽촩廨Ь, һȫǻ࣬м仹СʯӺʹɳ, ҲЩ, ·ȷʵߡ
ĸ׿ҵЬ
˵̧, ģȴǺ׵ɽЬʺЩʯ·
շһ, Ҳ֪Լȥ, ֻۣڡ
һ̫ڵշȽׯ, ղںշɰ׺շӢԶԶš
ׯ̧ͷĴơ
һׯһȥȫأΧɢŴССʽСԺӣԺԱֲ߽˹죬Ϲӣɷˡ
ͷ˿ٿʽСԺӵݶš
ţݶŶƣǾάޣҲʵľģ˻üľһľ
ЩСԺӣ⴦ׯũסǱȽι̽ʵܹڷ絲꣬ʯȪһЩסҪЩ
еСԺܳСӣ߽ˡ
۲СǣţмС޶Ϲ˺ϵģǻ֮ࡣС޶ǴֲֻϥǺ⴦˲ĵطŲơ
ﳯһ̽ͷ̽ԣĻС޶֣ܹ£ʵϳʲô
С޶ͷЦ㡣
Ӵһ̫һֻ٣ûóԡ
С޶һˣҼ춼١
ҡͷ̾ϢҿׯӺƣ˵ׯرׯЩһֻܳһ٣ЩҪܳһ٣һֱԲ
С޶ҼҾܳԱҲܳԱСѾҲܳԱУС
ָͷֻбӼҲųԲΪֵܣ̫ࡣ
ЦС޶ͷ㣬þûϴͷ˰ɣû趹ɣ
С޶˦˦ͷ˵û趹һϴøɾ˵귭һۣתˡ
˼ţׯӣûܽ˵ô
Щ޶ҲûвɫƽջܳԱġ
˴ϾǾ⽼ҲӽӣȻҲʯȪЩطҪЩ
ձҲ˼ҵĺӣĸū澣ᣬ̼ǵСʱӣһׯӣﲻ㶥ƣӹҲû͵ժһЩЩܻᱻժһЩùˣǹˣҲ£±ժˡ
ͷǴҲмưܵСԺ䣬ݶƬûȱ٣þΡ
֮ׯӱкһЩ
ɽһԺĴţѱˡ
ĴܳţһߵˣȥЪʲôģ
һţһһ滹һԱվһ̫ۣ࣬૵˭
̫һˣ̨׵ǹׯͷׯˣϽӭɡ
̫˵ҲʶǹеĹæͷ빫Եȡ˵ŷһ㱼ȥׯͷ
ׯͷһ󺺵´һһ˿ûͻȻׯƼׯǺģ
󺺵ׯû¶棬ųɴվ˺ЩŷǸ󡣡
ׯͷһת˼˼ġ
˵ŻæӭȥȴǺ£ֹ˼䣬ַԸ۾ʲô·ۡ
˵ٴӭȥ
̫վڽϣҲֻֿׯڷ羰
ׯͷŵׯͷôļӰǺõȡ
ׯͷȻϵ̫࣬°Ծׯ·ĴһʱææŹˡʹһֱڴϣпææ𴲣һʱЬģһ
˵ţæȥŹ˵ֻͷԸ˵¯ˮϽµõĲ裬г㡣
Ź˦ׯͷۼǰǷּ⣬ׯģĪˣͷ
ׯͷһæԼǵңһŹϲʲôƵģˡ
˵ţȴװׯ仰ʧׯӣҪׯôׯǵĿҲͷˡ
ׯͷ˵߰
ֻһңѾߣһλ̬򷽵Ĺ󸾣һׯѽ
շƹׯͷƵĴţüطҲ̫ưܣôסˣ
ׯͷѳշˣ֪ǡ
շ˵ׯĸס
ׯͷһ˼˵ľֹȴǸˣĶҲǲ֪µģźӦ
ţԶͷ촽쳣һСЩ龢ϸ룬Ҳ֪λһλׯˡ
ׯͷЦδɵСӣʲôׯأֻ½ЦʱҪߡ
λǰׯͷæǰ곤λľׯ
շɰ׼ùׯͷ񣬲ʧЦϴˣҲׯ
ׯͷһ㶣ĪԱǸСģ
շɰװֵ㲻ƣҵܵҲׯ
ׯͷһֵ̫࣬˵ׯˣ
ָ̫Ǳߵװλǡ
ׯͷȥԶλŮӣͷλԲ٣ͷ˼֧ӣһװ磬˺Ьϼӳϣĵ˹ɶĿƲ顣
ׯͷЩţʲôׯ⴦ׯׯҲδذסһλĹﵱׯ
ɻ󣬳̫Ź˵Цôλһƾ¶ιĽ˶ׯׯ
̫ЦһЦ𣬴߽Žܹׯͷׯλǹׯͷˣ⴦ׯӣڴׯס£ٽйׯͷ콻
ﻷһܣЦҲׯͷ콻ʳׯա
ҪǵҹҪֽˡ
ׯͷɫ΢䣬ָܿĵôôļҪᣬһҲȲˡ
Ҳգ׽ߣ÷ų㻹ҪҪ᣿


70 .  ׯ   ѹׯͷ
һ˽Ժ, ǰֵ̫ׯͷԺڵ˺ݼׯաЩׯ͵ũ, Ҵټ
ׯͷ䲻Ը, ȴҲҵΥ̫Ļº, Ը˶
Ƭ̹ǰԺȫˣڹׯͷָ, ߵͷڳƼׯ
շ˰ԾԺ֮ǰûׯ, û, ȴôˣѿɲС
ͷ, ׯͷׯͷԺ˵ĻʳҺõ
ׯͷ㺰ȥûᡣ
ܿ, ﷭һ, Ժڳ˹ׯͷ֮, ʮ£ʮʮһѾ, ʮԺ, λ˷һڴɨȵȣһٰʮˡ
ºһ, һٶˣͷŹׯͷһأ
շɰ׺շӢһۻᣬۡһżҴҵӡ
ͷӣʵ³֣
³Ŀվŵ̫Ȩƣ°ݵū³ϰݼׯ
ͷ³żȥʰɨ¼᷿ǽãƹš
³Ӧǡ˵۽ȴȥׯͷ뿴ԷǺ̬ȡ
Ƴˣǡһ³֣½ּ͸ׯӣӽҲׯӵˣȣʱ֣Ҫɫֻ뿴ҵɫٿ˵ġ
³ΣڨЦ͵ūׯէЩ벻ĵط뿴ׯͷз񲹳䡣
һʹׯͷʲôأ
ׯͷׯӢûʲôġ
šͷշһӵָ³ͬȥҪںδ̣Ҫ޹㣬ָһҵĸ׺Ъ
Ӧˣ֪Լȥල³ֲЩء
³λȥֵͷĳ֣ǻûţȥƲˣ⣬һ·࣬һѲҹóԱЩ
Ӧ£ٵշһӲһѾߵǸŰͬȥкзŹĸ׺͸ϲ֮Уơ
ӺѾ֪³ֽţȥЩء
ųȥٵԺڴѾߵʵһ㣬ɻݲ裿
һææӦū澻ݣֻǼղ㾫
СѾͷȥ¯ӹߣǰϰ¯ˮϲ
һȥ
ſţǰţˣֳ˻ѣԺѲһ飬в֮ź󣬻ֵ߳ϵȾĸס
ȥ
ׯͷɫ΢䣬ڰüһᣬȴһԸ˲Ҽܿա
˵ʲô߳ϡĪ֪ʲô
ﲻ򵥣Ӧ
շ˼ű㽫οǰ³ģôĸţȴǶˡ
ׯưܣׯͷŲ룬ӹһ׺ûһֶΣѹס
Ҳû뵽һ˿𣬾ôʩֽԼ˼ǣŪֽš
շһʱ̾ռѪŮһЩڵġ
һתͷȰЦʵĸң
շһЦѵõ٩һǾÿ
˵ֵҪӣû׸Ӣʲôˡ
շɰ׺շӢһװŵĸˣ
ﲻʧЦ
Ц꣬һʱֻҪշڳĸױϡշڳĻ
֣Ŀ
ع񣬿Ǻ˷ׯڽ˱ȷ
Ǻ˷ЦŲûжֻȥׯͷ
ׯͷЦׯһ·ҲˣϢٿ˱
ЦЦׯͷ˱Ҫû⣬ҿ˵ˣһҲֻ꣬Ƿһиףܰ˯ɲҪ˵´һׯӣ˱һûн࣬ȫǷծʱʲôЩ
ׯͷû˱ȷʵûн࣬ȫǷծҪֻҪ˯ˡ
̾˿Ըǣׯǵý˱ա
Գ٣а˱»ʮ䡣
һ˱üһȻûн࣬ȫǷծ
շ˺շɰײշӢҲŷ˱һɫˡ
ȻһǮׯӣЩǷծ
շЩͷʹŹɼĹ¹ſ˲Уƣǽһʲô̯?
ܸɣҲֲ̯̫á
Ա̺￴룬ۼһСѾͷˮææȥһݲ衣
￴˼ҳ˱ò㣬̧ͷһ˶˲һһڣ޵һüա
һЦׯޣׯͷ˺ȵĲ裬λݵġ˵ָָա
ﲻһЦԴǻԼҩЩϣرСģݸԼĲ裬ҲҼˣ±˶ֽš
շ˺˰뱭裬ַ˱һʱǣ̧ͷ˵ʲô˶࣬ˡ
Ŀ̫ãׯӣҪð
ˣ֪Ҫ˽ȥ
ɣȻûкӹ
շԽԽǣüͷ
һ裬Ǿ٣һʱ˲յָָ˱һطׯͷԡ
ׯͷⲽȥЦʵкβԣ
ӴЩˣ˷͹Ǿģþû⣬һһۻëа
ָ˱Ŀϣ۾ʲŽׯʹׯ˵ׯڸԸ㣬ɹ⴦˱дÿɹɣҲˣ⼦ļλǲףǼλ֪ׯвɹļȾǹ󼸱˭ļǱڲƭô˺ڲƭҪ͹١
ׯͷһһң֪λׯʱ
ʵׯׯвʱûм˭ģᵹ֪˭ȥڲƭЩʱգҲҲˡ
Ц⻰ͨׯô󣬲ɹļô࣬һʴ⣬ûлңҲûм˭ģɵӰɣ
ͻȻһǲǱڲˣǺϻڲأ˵˵ʱ⼦ģĸ£аǰʮӵһʹׯǮҲڡ
һλ⻰ȴǲ⼦ˣ¼ģ׷ͷϣġ
Щס£һţѿھ͵ļλӦǼǴˡ
ﵱüԭǼǴˣҾ˵ôô󣿡
˵ٷҳϵⱾ˼λвҶ۲Ҳȥ飬ǲǶǴˣĹơ
˵Ű˱£һ˷һָһطׯͷضɣǧǺν˺ˣ񣬶Էл񣬻񵥼ںδ
ׯͷΪѵׯһׯ̫һֱ˰ͷһ۱һۣڲЩ˺ˣׯܻ֪
ЦЦ͵ֲׯȻ͵ǧͷϡϡ鵽񣬻ֵǮͲ㡣
ׯͷɫ˲ѿׯҵʱҲΪׯ룬ֲΪԼҵһׯСׯͷǧׯҡ
˵ţ֣СˣҪӣҵţ֪ү
Ƴùׯͷɫͷôôݺ𣿡
ׯͷŤͷҡ
ЦһҲҵģ˭֪
һ£ӣǱңȥ˺δȥҪ
ׯͷȻ͵ϣֻθߵ㣿
ûҲ˵
˵߿
Ƴһۣ˴£پַҳһʱָһλ˷һҳţй̿ȣȴûעôЩܼˣʮ
仰λ˷ʲôɨһ۾˵ˣôҪ˷ʲô
Ǳǰù˱һ飬һ㣬ɾ췢֣ˡ
أǲСһζӡ
һλµһ´꣬ׯķˣׯͷģù˶ȥȼá
ɫһͷɨһ۱㿴Ȿ˵ĴҲ࣬ȥһ顣
˵ַһ˱طü죬һĶԾص죬ȫǶ֮Ҫ˵ˣб¶֮ĻЩֱִֹ󣬺α򣿡
ҡҡͷַ˱ָܿĵطλ˷λǲأΪ˼̫ϸ飬ͨû鿴㲻һ飿
λ˷һʱЩǱ
ֺһڲ裬²豭ɫõĹׯͷׯͷǲǺһ˱ʹ˲һ飬ٳʸң
̾ҽׯʱøҲô٣˱ôʵƲãǷծ̫డ
ֿ̫࣬ŹǰЩ¶дۣϺأǴׯͷһˣһ˵
ׯͷһʲôģµһûׯӵȫ׸˽ԱǶ֪ģҶܣǻͬŹдൽ¸ǰҪһ飬鵽ͷϡ
ű谮ǰҲǰƣ±׷ġ
̫ѿׯͷ˵أ
ׯͷ˲˾µׯҪԼٲһ˱ȻҪ飬ׯģȻףʱٳϡ
ͷׯͷز飬ţ˱ٳʱȻûн࣬ҲǷծġ
ׯͷôҪǰǷծĿȫٽ㣿
ɫ粻˺ü˼ҪҪɽ᣿
ʰ᷿˵ʰãг˵κþƲˣںδ
ׯͷׯҲˣ˷£Ժ顣
ͷҲá
ׯͷԸаһʱʳнһϾƲˡ
⵱£ֱշ˶ˣ⴦᷿ɨȴùζ޹㡣
ֵū̽˻³ׯˣһһŮҲׯС⣬ƺԸЧҹ
շ˱Ըôɣ̽ׯ£ԸЧô
ǵͷӦС
һȥһҲˣͬǰշ˵˳ڵ£˻û룬ūģСڳ£ˣûʲôٻء
շ˵ͷЩʳҪģҲЩȥš
Ӧ¡
ƲʽȴǼѼ˼Ұζûϡ¡
һʱϯշһ̫͹ׯͷһ°Ѿ߲ǡ
ϯ䣬շ˲ˣʵĸ׳ԲôҪгһ뼦˿
շ˵·ϵˣҲûθڣˡ
ȥƣĸ㰮Եġ
շЦæһ죬տҲ񣬲ٲҳʳҿׯĸףׯгʲôʲôԻ
ЦһЦշ˲ˡ
շɰ׺շӢղ񱼣ˣʳЩȴõûһߵҰζһζ
շɰҨһС㣬ʲָ˱ЩʱׯͷǱ鰡Ⱦ
շӢҲСȻĶׯոռ棬ׯѹׯͷȴ׹㲻ׯ˭ׯ
ﱻǶЦˣ䣬˭ƴȰҲҪׯӵģ
շȴǵ㵽ǹңҪˣׯӴһӣͼҲˡ
ﲻշ˵Ļֻշɰ׵ׯӴӦУ
շɰһ޳ɣ衣˵ǽٲ
շӢ죬ֵһ˵һҪׯϳӵĿǣŪշˡ
Ѱ˼ţҪȰתŮո
ׯеˣžͲ֮ôܷŮһ
շӢ˵Żȴշ񣬵Ҳ֪׺ʹǱˣҲ£ӦΧųԿ⡣
շɰЦżȻһλãԿܲˡǳθܲסһ䣬ϿԼշﲻ졣
շҲæתƻׯеȴۣԡ
˵ŸЮˣӸǡ
շɰ׺շӢĸƫģֻ˶㡣
շ˱Цǵˣ裿
һׯͷЮˣ۽Ǽָһ˰ʾ
ͻȻһ˿ζһʱͷƣһƼߣ
ӵ£֪ʱߣš
ͬʱ̣շҲߣͬУϱɫȴֺȣСıҧ
ţַԸշɰ׺շӢվϣʰߡ
һ䣬ȴνʮߣƣо綾һʱʧɫ
շɰ׺շӢҲɫˡ
ׯͷҲվϣˣһߵλǲ⴦ϲζһͲܲˡ
֪˭ׯᵽζˡ˭ҧˣׯø𡣡
ܿ˺ׯĸߣġ
շɫ䣬ȷʵһʱȥ
簴סշ˵֣΢Цĸײûţʱߣзǡ
ׯͷǳסôͷˣ
ţֿºɰһҩ裬࣬һʱվϣҩԶ£ֻ顱һҩըɢһζζȻ׷״䡣
ֻһ˲䣬е¾͸ɸɾ
ﻹվϣỷ˵֮߳壬λ£ĳԷ
շɰ׺շӢͷƵׯ䣡
ׯھδˣһʱҲŹƵׯ䣡
շͬЦƵׯ䣡


71 .  ɱ   ɱӺ
ԺѲ, ߣæʱѱ, һʱæ, ûнȼҩݵһ¡
£ͻȻ, ˵Ϊ֮˵ǲǣׯͷ
仰ȴǳŹׯͷ˵ġ
ׯͷվЦׯ˵Ц, ׯƾɣ߳У⴦ʱʱߴڽȴǳ¡ֶּ, ᵽζ¡
Ŷһ, תŵ÷Ѳһ, ȼȼҩ߳棬һ, ҪŵͷڱͻȻϮ

ׯͷáͷߡ, üͷ, ǣָɣء
һʱûθڣæǼڷ, ׯ, û£ȸˡ
¿ӵȵȡ
ׯͷͣ½Ųָʾ
һµׯͷ, Щ˱ʵΣԼ֪¸ʱ䣬˷ʮλ£һĿýҡϣʱĿǷծǷžծ󲢲֮˵ãֻдˡ
˵ϲׯͷػǻֵˣȥգ
ׯͷ죬۽Ƴ̫࿴˻ȥˡ
շ˱߾Źһʱûθڣ¿ӣȥ᷿ƴ̵һ£⴦ƾɣֻ˯ȡ
˵ţַԸշɰ׺շӢҰúãٹ
Ȼģסշ˵ĸףʲŽߣҲ֪ʲôɱЩ
ֺӵٹȥ᷿һƣһ£ҲҪٵƣñⵣͱһͱûʲôˣһһ䷿һͺá
ԸϣѾǰȥ·ԸˮҪϴ
ѾȥֺһǰѲв赹ڱ˹ҵڡ
һæȥв裬һ߰˵˼ҽǰҪ֣ҪڣȻ
շ˿ڣ˰뱭裬һʱﵹǰ˲١
⴦ƾɣѾߴľ飬ׯͷһ룬ܸɣѹסˣҲʹöˡ
һʱңԼһͬҲ˼ԼˣȻƵµģһҪ۸ˡ
̫వ۲ۼէһӾסˣɳ棬ĵȥҪϸϡ
֪ׯŪﶼãϲа㵡ģׯһȥЪˡ
һʱ˵᷿쿴޲ףշ˹ȥ
ˮˣ᷿ϴһʰһᣬ׵
շδޣѰ˼Ž֮£ײģȥţһ˯
ܿˣЦĸײңҲҪġ
쿴ܾӲοֽһͱƣҹĲͱƴֽŽʲôġ
ֻû£ׯģµСġ
շ˵仰һʱӵȥƱѲĶˣ
Ӧȥˡ
һű
ȥԸ˱ż仰ѹЩЩѲ飬ߣжӭͷʹҪ֡
Сʵׯɽ˻£
ͷϣҶǰɣЩá
ŵ»ᰲ֣Ŷߡ
㰵аţҪ¶ۼüװȫˣû˾񡣡
ŵͷӦ¡
￴űȥøڵķţշɰ׺շӢ˵
շɰ׺շӢ˼䣬ȴ˷쳣ĦȭƵʱ֣ߣֶˡ˸£ܴ޵
ȱƵСЩĸס
շɰ׻ӻȭͷģǿ˲٣һû⡣
շӢҲҷŵһû⡣
ֵҲŵӣֻ˯ҽк
꣬Ž˸Ѱ£ˣ㼷շ˴ȥ
շ˼ӺѾҲ룬ȥ˯¶Ǿǡ
ӺѾ߱ȥˡ
շһ죬طʹ̴ʣ룬һ˯ˡ
ȴģǿԼѣϵͳ֣˵û£
ϵͳأ
·ҹĹ»ʡ
Ƿǣˣ˯һᡣ
ϵͳšһ˯ãҿɸӡ
һ֣ȴһ£ںü￴ӵиϡĶһ֡
ϵͳüֻèͷʵʲôأ
ӡ
ϵͳֻðڳʮʽӸ￪۽硣
ﱻסˣصĶȻڣֻҼʶǳ֪ˡ
ϵͳ㲻֪֣ЩҪԺŻ֡
˯ӿ૵˯һʱӰա
һ䣬˯
һʱϵͳ׼ʱˡ
ﱻѣ۾ۼһ綹ԶԶ񲻻ᷢɶµӣҡҡͷѵԼӰˣ
³շˣûµأƬ̱£Ҫɣһ죬еĵͻȻϨһƬڰֲָ
ӴͷϷҪô
⴫èһ죬
£´ڴһźõһⵣһʱڽ̤ϣűⵣ¹
ֻꡱһ죬жŲصš顱һ죬ƬӰȺƮ˹
շڴ춯һ˹һߣûһʱ󾪣
Ӧĸףڴߡ
һ䣬ǾбⵣƮƬӰȻ£һߴȵװŪҪ޻ء
շҲӰˣûüУ˵ʲôװŪһ¶񣬴󺰵ˣ
շ˴󺰣ƮںƬӰ˲ݡ
һû˯շɰ׺շӢѳ˲Ŷһ˳ֵƣһùӸһʹӰ
һʱӰأҽУ
շӢֻյ°ӰշɰùӰӰ¿÷ȴǽ͹ׯͷһԷĹ¡
ǰһţڹϥϣϰ£ЦͿҩˮڰз׹⣬װء
һԸշɣַԸշɰ׺շӢȥʣ˭ָʹġ
շɰ׺շӢҲҹ뾪շˣŹµڣϳȥ
⣬Ҳ׽סݵһӰʹһ֮ᵽʡ
У˵ƣְշ˵ĸױ£ӦװǣһŲˣǾ͵óˡ
շȻ£§Ѳ⣬⴦ãǻǻظɣ
ҡͷĸףҪ£ð׸Ӣȥ
շֹֻһ̾칦򣬾ͷô£Ժô
ĸףⲻȫӦҲǳز죬ðǡסգǵĵףǲΡ
˵ţѾӹշˣԼ£׼ȥշɰ׵зʳ
շȴסа׸Ӣأһңҹȥˡ
ЦĸףׯҪ¶óͷ
˵ųȥˡ
շ˲ɷ㶣ⲻһŮһӡء
һȥѹׯǰӰԭׯй£򲻹˵һʱ⣬ŷ˺ׯ㴩Ϳҩˮİ£ֻᣬǲ˵˭ָʹġٴȥˣͣˡ
Ȳ˵ǿаѱڱУСѺסȥСںδȰѺȥţټ󡣡
˵꣬շɰҲ˵ǰӰׯй£ֻӲ˵˭ָʹġ
շɰװƽţñһȥѺ
ôһᣬҲˣǷշ˵ĸףӦûˣ԰˯ˡ
˵ϴ˯
շȴǽǵ˯ţڴշתࡣ
⴦ôΣգҪôȰתظأ
һշϴϣ㵽˻ӣȥһС˹
С˳ɽԭǸģΪĻ¼շˣкηԸ
շ˵ţүһƽүߵ£ֱ˵үк˵Ǳʲô¶ҲһȦ˵һ˵
ɽӦ£Ÿˡ
ȴȥţˣҲˣŰաԵ٣ٲԣҪˡ
շ˼СˣŵθڣһʱԸȥ͸ûУˣǹһš
ѾЦˣׯˣʵ÷ߣ˵ţҪԸ
շ˽Ѿ߼ǵţԼһЩ˯ãᵹˣӻطȥߡ
һѣϴϣţȴææš
ׯ¸ոλˣǻǲ˵˭ָʹġµʹׯˣȴ˵λµļСһׯ֪ںδ
ȥ³֣ҵĻټׯ˵ǰԺٰλҪѵһѵһǡ
һׯ˱㼯ǰԺĻλ¶ǰ
̨Ϸһӣͷһˣ˵һ飬ȻЦλ£ҹ˵һ˵Ҫδã
˽תͷһߵĹׯͷׯͷһ÷ĸ֮£ǲָʹģ
ׯͷȻʸڷϣԳԩׯСĻֱ¶
˵ţ¹ŵλ£ʹļ׵ׯǱԷ͵ģͷҰҹȥҪô
˵ϣתׯ˱壬ϣСǳķϣׯȥͰˡ
ׯͷ⻰ȴа⡣ǰҹװҪǣŹݶ񣿡
ûģǵСģէλ°ҹһţҲŵ󻹸Ҵ
ӵõڷǣɱӺ
Ҳôһ¹ׯͷϿҪŪֽţԸ
ţ̾Ϣųλµ֪ׯף֪ǱˡҲգβǣٸεǰɣ
ŵĶȹǴϣٰ͵ٸɹٸ
˵ùӺݴλµȹǡ
ֻáꡱһλ²ҽУƺȹѶϣȻһɪɪ
λ£վȻɨһˣΪŮӣĴԺзϵģͼװŪ߱ɻµģһ֪һŲġ
˵ͷ˵ͷˣйȻ͡ˣׯλ£ܵµģշɰǶһῼһ
֣Һú£Ҳǡ
շڷ˴λµȹǣŤ͹ٸɷ㶣ɿ̫游ˡ
游Ҳɱϣһҵñӻ
̾⺢ӵԸӣһҵˡϧŮӣܹҪˡ
ﴦλ£һׯȴǷ࣬۲ŷ򣬲
ܿģһׯׯ͵ũ֪ׯһλׯׯһʹɱλ£һʱ۷׷ף²λׯܷ񶷹ׯͷ
ׯũׯҪԺǣǶׯкڴ׷׾ۼԺ⡣
ׯ˲۾һøװˡ
ӣȴǽ贩շɰ׵ѣװ磬һ͸ֿˣɨһ½һׯʹ͸ңŹͬױµĿ𣿡
׳⣬˻شֵ֪ӲùжԭǰҹϺӡ
ҲûɣĿԴ
ǳģּվһλ̫࣬һʱЩˣЩӯԭ֪ǰ
֪˭ͷׯ͵ũȫ£ׯӢ
̫״ĵüһŮӣӣ࣬²Ҫ
ׯͷվں棬ɫްĵ͵ġ
һʱַ˱֮£ŪˣҪǺã
Գ٣ׯͷԺڣһλӣûˣϡĶȥһˣλ
ȥׯͷͷ죬̾һѵҪ䣿
ׯ⣬ɽȴǴһׯȥշˣү˵ϣһˡ
˵ϿңСˣүһ仰
շ˱Ѿ˺һЩŵ˵ա
ɽү˵ϲˡ
շˡһ־ϲ⾩ǵľƣҪô
˵ó裬»ӣ˵Ϊ̫Ӱ
ܽĸףýãƣܽҲٱƽ
ˣܽ׮£߻顣
ϲһ£ͻȻһԣ˵Ҫϣ΢Ҳ֪Ρ
Σմϡ
һóɽת仰˼ıλŮĻ°


72 .  ջ   ޸ģڲͬٿ
, շǲߵӺѾߣ£е, , ϲоƽд仯, Ҳ䣬㸸Ϊ٣Ҫڴ˾±ȫ, ҲҪǰȫ
лݻУҲһ㶣, , Ͱ
عŵĸлֻ˵
շ˵Ȼ, лȻˮǴߣܽĸΪлŮ, ֺ;׽, ôһ, ܼҲŸӵƣܽҲǷǵñƽˡ
֣Զ޽, ھѡһλ, ֻѡܽꡣ
շ˵˼˵ܼƴ, ǰոףҲȥˣ򲻸Ҹܼˡ
һǲ޻Զޣֻܼܼҡ
֪շ˵Լˣвͨģ̾˿ĸףŻϣܷ˳δ֪ʵδʡ治ü
շһĬƬ̵ʮµ鲻ˡ
ĸףоˣǸӦþ䣬֮£ҲӼáϺһ꣬ʱС
˵ϣվЦһЦյڴλ£Žգû˸ˣܰ˯ĸףˣȥЪ¶˵
շĻֻ˵˼䣬ۼҪߣסĸ˵
һѴڵſڣһӰ١
շᣬ૵ԽԽƤ޶ôǺð
˷ϨϴЦҪǱĸ֪ԼûЪԼ˵ô죿
룬ɵϣһʱȴ˯ţַţ૵·ﻳˣλүȻҪûžС֮λʵΣյģǾĸ׵Ҽ޲ȴһҶĿ
ͷ˻ԶλүԶܱܽ꣬ƽ
ôһʱ򣬼λүȷʵ˼
лбУ۴ϲҽҲûпһչһЩԱ֪˴£еĳȻҲ֪ˡ
ϲһɣڼλүУһֱΪ˽֮±𷣣Ʋǰ죬Ϊ봢֮λԵлݻУȴŴȥóлݣʾãʾԼ
֪лݻеϢȴԼշ֮ǰԤ֮ˮԤ¾ﻳУԤСӻСô
շҧ£֮ǰԤˮʱܺ˼Ӹܳ裬ȴܻϣҽԤ֮¸֪º󣬵¶ֽţþˮֻܾȴûܺỳˡֺ£ȴԤˡ
ⲽ㲻ǻҩ͵㣬ûһζ㣬и
շɫһף·ıãҷĻҪİԼôң
ɫЦһ䣬ưŵġ
շ£·ͬСɣȻ¡
Զֵ뵱ҪΪﵮСӣү֮λôʱҲһȡ
շҧŴ˰ε£һȥϸһ¡
Ҳֵȥա
֮ǰó裬ߣû뵽ۻ谮лݣƫлֻϣһʱевڶռıʿ˵
ıʿ²Ҿһʱۡ
Сӣһжˡ
ıʿСǣ󹬶꣬񣬶ϣ²ޣֻҪ˱ߣеǡ
һʱƣҲǣعлݲޣĸеǷӺ͸عںãʱô
Ѱ˼ţȴ£
ǽһׯڵˣרΪơ
ٽڣ֪ıʿǽĸҲñţһׯ¡
һŭռŮô񣿡
ٵ£ռŮԣ˱ЩҪ£ƫŹڲ࣬Ŀ£ׯͷҲֽˡʾ£Ҫ
ЦһССŮӣ
δ䣬ıʿȴǲڵ£ƾռŮԼĵɫô᲻ᱳָʹҪ£óûϣ
һԼΪлݻУλ˳û壬ȷʵʤ
عıʿ֮Σ
ıʿ²粨󣬵µƣռŮԵðеȫ³¡
룬Ҳǣ˴֮λռŮҹ͵ðѶȫ³ҵʱҪ
ϣ㽻ٵȥ߹ׯͷ˱ÿ㣬ҪĿҲϣӦռŮ
һȴóЩշ˷УȴҲڣɳԾôˣ
շ˾ҪͬһׯʱҲշ񣬱ĸ֣һշʲô£ֱǰ
˴˴շ
ѯʣȴ̾˿ͻȻգүҹҽϣ˵Ƿ纮ҩ˺գﻹûգŻˡ
۽ǣүŲ£±˵ūˣ˻ȥ
շ˲࣬ѽ˱Ҫߣȴֲշɰ׺շӢһһһѾߵǳˡ
ϵշֵôͻȻգǽǺô
ֵԷˣһֱ֣ҲƵģȥɢɢ˯ˣ˭֪ҹﵹү󣬰ҹҲöҽ
ϸϸ˵֮£̾־ﻳУҽʱһܵġҽʾүЩظﲡ
շԺۣһæҩǰʵôˣ
շҩζȴŤͷֵÿҲȡ
˵źۣ૵ĸףĸס
ֻ÷ҩշǣȻ֣ɺۿԸСѾͷȥƣ˻ûУ
СѾͷӦˣŵšܳȥ
շܶȴֺĸô
ᣬǰ˺ܿͻˣȵҩô
շҡͷ۽ǹ
һʱв˯£ȴظǰǳΣأһЩģĳ
ʱȴĸײλܱܵţﲻ֪٣Լƹŷ
շ۽ٶ˫ȭ૵ҲЩ¶ġ
ʱ֣շ˵ɽׯһ˲û¾ֱշС
УںշҩȴշƿһʱǡýŲתͷһƣ˲侪ϲˣ
շһˣһ۾޳ĸף
շǰ߰շ񣬺ۿô̶̼գݳö˶ôأ
˵ִнӹҩ룬Ҩҩҩôã
շһշˣ´󶨣ſ죬һҩ
շ˸ҩ룬£ͷ˯һᣬĸȥ£Ͼ͹
շͷı۾
շ˱㽻˺ú÷̣Լ˷š
ȥ£ȥ
ˣһʱɿ˵շĲʱֻ̾ҪЩظҲԺΣλŮʮˣܹҪˡ˵֮ƣһˣһˣһա
˵
շһ̲סЦܸɣʲô¶ȫԼӦˣҲġֻԽԽҪѧӽҵϼˡ
̾ӣһжð죬ƫŮӡ
˵һշ˵ֶ˵ģһ£Ҳ˯һշȥˡ
һȥȴշ˯һʱ㺰ٵʻ
ٲС˼㱣ƺ˼ȥһˣҹ㷢գﺰ˵֡
ԥһ£ҧҧǰµ֡
շһɫ䣬ʵ㣬˭ˣ
ٵֻūԱ߷̣ûбˡ
շͻȻЦһȥһôҲţ
Ϲµˣ֮ǰӣֺֻ֣㣬㲻ʣֽ֣ʹûиū澱ΪܵùΣҲģûϵȥɢʳȴҪū澸ţūҲûӡ
շ˸٣սս±ĻһʱŹ
æСӦ¡
շѰ˼ţռմõģȥҪϽշ»ˡ
շˣˣǱȥˡ
շߣʵɶˣʲŽг°࣬һɺã
շշ˵֣ĸҳԣҾͳԡ
˵Żۿֺˡ
ĸײǻᣬǸγϣ޲Լȥ
Ѿ߶ʱշιշ˰룬ʵûθڣŸ룬һʱѾǣԼߣ㵽ʲô£ηĸסĸܹܻ
շͷշֱϣδ˵ˮˣʵһΣμĸײ׺͵ܱܵš
˳ξ档
շһΣһͷΣǵ㣬Űĵˡ
˵ţ̾Դףͷ
һ£ֵ˸ø㶨ˡ
շһ̧ͷĸףҲޣҪ
շЦ˵ʲôɵأŮܹҪ˵ġ
շ˾շ죬תǰظ
Ҳͬ⣬ձȥ۴Ǳ
շææʰȴ˵ˡ
շ˱ȥӭ˽˵
˵ղ㣬һʣ֪ǸȥһɽׯһѽǴ˺üϷ
շҪ˴лݻ֮󣬸˵ķӦأ±Сʵ˱θڣ˵˵ʲôϷ
˱üˣҸһЩ±ЦﻳеϢһһ˲סӵģȴҡǰó裬µƣ˭ˣ˭֪ᣬҵĵȥͽлҵˡ
˵ţֵܼңҲˮǴߣźüҷڴ̽뿴Ůܷܽꡣǰģǹ˼ƽ򲻸Фܽ꣬¿ͷˡ
շЦ֮顣
ҡͷ֮ǰףظٸһ²ǡ
շ˵Ҳ㣬Ҽһ֮ǰܽף»ţһأС³úܣ˵ˣׯӣ˵˵¶
һ²濪⣬һׯ£ҡͷׯ񫣬ϻظء
˺ü⣬ûշͳʵۿҲˣֻøǳȥ
һصԼԺӣӱˣܷˡ
˵ܷˣܽĸлϡ
лյ֪ܽʮ±֪ԼҶġ
ܼ֮ǰףռҳٳٲӦǵ⿨ˣʲôʱܳɣ
־ﻳУٵ˶ŶӵĻ£ٲףһ˭蹦󵽱¸ǰҪͻʲôģʱԲС
ռģһʣȻпڷ͸ʱռѽⷨӸ˽꣬ý굱ڽ⿪ͷ£ҲԴϲ
лѰ˼ţȥˣһʣ֪շһڷҲ͸һʱɲʮˣһôʮߣʱɲ˵ס
˽ӿڵɲôҲŶ£Ҫʲô˼ң
лһЦ˼ĴʻҲδ
һ䣬ϻ˵ߵŮظֺЦ磬Īǣ
ǣˣռξܾܼңԭŮء
лϴǱˣȥѲ²ܺ˵ˡ
ܺɺܿ˵
ȷʵĴ󣬵δҸ£˵ǽ껹ܵһȣռҹʮˣҿܵȶã
ܺһ֪Ҫռҽףֹֻ
˵շ˲շո֪;ۣΣշַգ
ռⲻٴҽҩæݡ
շһٶΣһصξ֣ȴһһпǰǵ⣬˼ֽˡ
շЩȤ֪ΪΣξȴ濴źн⣬Һģ½ⲽ
һʱ˲࣬æѾֽʣӲ¼ⲽ¼īɣŵͷ£µҲ˽ⲽһĻˡ°ⷨӸ˭ü˭
˭أ
ܽμľˣȻų
Цô޵ôأ
ʣµˡ
շܹҪԶ޲С


73 .     ޸ģб䣬ٿһ顭
ۼշĲת, շɿһʱȴֵ
Ҳˣڶձһȥһׯ, ܽӻظС
ׯ, ȴׯЦС޶һƬ, ˡ
Щ⣬˵һׯ࣬ׯ²ôࡣ
һʱּм޶, ˵ׯԺ⿾㣬зݣȥһƬȡ
ׯԺǰƼﴩװ, Ժǰ, Ҳ֪ʲôһ, ˵ζΧ˴Ρ
շɰ׺շӢԱ߰￾, ö, ̧ͷһ, ɾϲôˣ
̧ͷһƣæеĿ㽻գ߹ȥӭ
Ҳζ, ֻЦ׶˰գǵա
˵˰ʻԺ, ֽѾȥöԼԺǰһ£ֿݹȥ׳
ʱ, оʵͷۣѰ˼Ҫ˵ظ⴦ŮЦ棬ׯΧ࣬ʱʱһׯһʱȴǷ˿Ʒ
һȴǾ죬΢֮ִзζ
˼Ƭ㣬ͣʵ˺ȴڡ
Сֻ̳ӸЦͺ⣬Ϳ˷ۺ
ʵΪ
շɰ״ΪЦףׯڷһ곤Сİ˵ǱмأһСɽر·˲ժˣűǷӣҹƳɽʼǶҳԣԼԣ˵ǲŸųһ㣬ֻǱòС죬ͿϿȴǳԵͣ
˵䣬ֿһƬݸˣվʪְ̧ѰڻϿһֻ߹ҿӣҨһף˿󣬺Сˡ
Ҩˣо쳣ʵȴֱ𣬵Ǽ
շɰ׺շӢȴڻ°ֻͲ˵ǿͲַһ
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˵ţԸշɰ׵ȥ 
շɰææȥˣһ
꣬Ҳ⣬ͷŮҲ²⣬ׯͷˣʮа˾ǽ¡
ܲµԵ֪ׯգһܴġΪҲָǴ󸻴ֻƽƽ⴦ãǻǻؼҰա
˵ţĬֵڱ¸ǰºڣŮӣЩ¶Ҳ󣬸ĸţɼ¹ׯӣʱǷծ֮£ϣܲ㶪
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΢ŭܵģ
̾˿ףʱҲƼׯ֮ˣβܣЩ˺ܿᱻեɡ
ܲã㵹ܵã
ŤͷףһС£ռҾǡ
ŭˣ棡Ůʲô£Ի¶鵽ռͷϣССŮӣкͶԿ£Ҳ̸ռң
շɰ׺շӢŭæȥȰ㣬ҲӦý£ͻظգ
ͻȻЦЦ㲻˵ҪôҲǻ׹ݣ˵ܶԿء
žһһڰϣŭںԣܽףŮд־ˣοȢλȥί
Ц¾ǻȢأ
ܡҲӦ
˺ףҪңҷߡ˵һתˡ
ˣһᴭТŮ
շɰ׺շӢ֪Ȱһǣ
շɰȻعæȥ׷
½Ųշɰ߽㲻Ȱҡ
շɰ׵׶˵㣬Ȱкã
ҡͷҲһƬȭȭŮ֮ģҪһ
վʲôأ
շɰ׵óøװģԲ㡣
ͷһ롣
ʵҲЩĸ飬һʱϲˣᣬʵڡ
ոڡ
շѰ˼ţѽⷨӸ˲֮ˣֻ¸ĸƴʳԣҲҪƾܻ¡
øĸ֮䣬ûе˼ҡ
УԶޣ뿪ǡֻԶޣһвָܻ
˼ıȴѾ˵𣬵ǹ˷˴Ÿˡ
շ۾һǵģǹڽ⣬Ÿ׺ĸ׶ȻӦ£Ҳʳԡ
˾ǣһжð졣
֣֣ķԸ˼䡣
֣ЩԥȰԹ˼ģһ·ˣ˽¼˹ӡ
շ񵭵һЦҼΪҵĻ££ֻȥǡ
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ûãȻˡ
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һ£˽ⷨӣһӾ
һϲܵڽ⣬˹飬ء˼ңӴ˸һ
շɫ Ц׼лң
ɫõܰ쵽Ϊð쵽
շͷȼ£磬ɲҪУ
˵ŴӻͳһСӣݸ˹
ҿóһֽչ˿ȴǿףЩɻֻһʱɫʵ֪ôӺδĽⷨӣ
շЦǽãõⷨкѣ
ĵˣһ˿ⷨȷڽʱҪν⡣
ϻر⿨ס֮󣬹˼Ҳؽֽ⣬ûн
ȥٲǸۿ
շֶ˽Ϊĸ˲֪ǵñܡ
ӦС
ʱ֣Ź˷˻ظһʱ֮䰴಻סѽȥ鷿˵
һⷨӣϲ֣˰εӴӺεĽⷨ
Цǻؽģ֤һ¡
ҵûղ֤
ͷ飬˸ҡ
ȥȫЦ⣬ȷģ˼ڼ
ŷҲ֪ȷȷһʱûи߸ĸףڶȻԼðѽֱⷨӸõ¼һݲǡ
ţ˲ϴæȥ
Сȥ˰ΣӣڷУСʹŷ˵һͳˡ
󾪣Ϻ׷
ӣȴܼңѽⷨӳʸ飬һӯһˣǽⷨӣⷨʵھ
ĻҲЩŽⷨӵõһȥڹ˼ߣȻá
ʱ⣬Ѱ˼У˼ռѣʱʱܽռңҶŮҲָܴ࣬̽ⷨӣٽǱڹ˼ҡ
Ҳάȼ֮
΢ЦϾⷨ·øϽý굱ڽ⿪Էҹζ࣬бҲ˽ⷨӡ
˵ֽӻϰգҪھǣ˼ʡ
Ӧ¡
̲ģ׺˷һӣֺһλϻ硣
ܿģܽ鷿˵
ڶ糯Ҫ£۵£ϻռŮһ⣬˵˭ܽ˭ϣȴǽ⡣ñ´մ˲֤ý굱ڽ⡣
ǰҲĽ⣬ܽ⣬ǴȤȥЦҲ뿴ν⣬ýڵ½⿪ǡ
һƶý굱Űٹٵ⣬ռٲʳԣֻܹԹԼŮˡ
ٵ̫ൽһׯӭ˳ۿ͡
һò°ͣǰɣ⣬ܽ꾹ܽ
һºϵͳ֣˽ˡ
ϵͳˡ
˻˵˽⣬Լޣᡭ
ɫҲ磬˸·̫ׯаЪһڶռҸŮϾ
һᣬ׷һ죬û׷鵽ټǱɫæ¸˹˳Ԫ͹˷ˡ
˳Ԫһϼȥ׷䣬һߵӣǽⷨġȻ߼ˣȻǱˡ
˷ȴԹȵ˽ⷨӣΪβǣ
ЦǰҲͻȻ˽ⷨӣǰŰɣһ⣬ģٸ߸ĸףҲÿջϲһ
˳Ԫ֣ˣ׷Ҳûã뷨ӡ
˵ţȥһոãз񱸷ݣУһôҪһ
һ۾һӢ
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շȻûģֻһ緹ٻء
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շмƽϣշ׺ȷʵЩѣۣԼҲּɡ
շù㻻ѣѾţСм档
һãǸҲˣܷٳһݸңҶлá
շһһ㾹Ūˣ
ǻʱĿǵȻȫĬˣɵ˽ȫˣһӡҲûС
ЩûڣʱӦö೭¼һݲǡ
շش
շҡҡͷֻһݣ㣬ûˡ
ɴ֣Ǻã
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ˣ˵˾
շüλ⣬ȻҪó
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ЦҵʣҲôأ˼Կ˵ҽġ
˵һ㬸ˡ
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ԼΣⷨӣΪ˴ܽô
ˣˣ
УͷλһƷƷԱֻռҸŮһҪֳܽ⡣
һʱ´Ų̫£ռҸŮˡ
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ܿģ˵˫˫ݼۡ
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ܽ꿴Цʵãȷ񣿡
ֻõͷȷ
Աһϳ׼ңղײգ˸׼Σ
˵ţֳ۵֪ܷӵ֤ˣ
ۡЦ˼£ȻҪ֤ˡ
ʱЦеˣմˣ˵գʵҪǽڵǰף


74 .  »   ױ֮˵
һĻ, ˵Цˡ
Ů֮ǰҪڣ֪, ױ, ܣȱһ, ˵ʲôվ͵ǰأ
һЦʽ˵İ֣ǰƹ, Ҳ÷ʮʮճʱ̣Ǽռʱ
һһʱ䱸, ûзԡ
, ҲʱпɣЦմû, Ҫ˿һŻˡ
ʱ, Ů, , Ҳͷ׵
ˣȴ֪ԼǷڲˣȨһ, ۽ɨһܽ, ĵΣܽԺ, òˣҲԿ
һ£ͷ
ˣɿ˰ա
һ䣬빧ףܼҺռҽס
ֱ˵Щز»ˡ
ܽȴ׷иųãѶ׼ȫƹ⼸գģʡһũǸж£˵֮
һ£ˮҲˣ׼á
ܽһۣ˵ֱ
ܽ꣺
շɰ׺շӢ׺ӺģùǰĿ͸˱ؼȥշˣ̫ൽһׯٸϢ˵һ顣
շϸϸʼ䣬һ·룬æȥϴϢ
ȥշְϸϸһ飬ܽȻҪǰ⣬аյģͷʮа˾ˡ
Щʱʱ˳ȥǰţûС
ڣ½ˣү͹ൽǰˡ
շһ˲࣬ææȥӭ
øǰǡüæһסϸûб飬Ҳ²Σȥ
ҵĸ׸ǰ˵
һ˱һȥ̫̫
÷ˣŰѵеһһϸ˵
̫̫ϣϲɫܽܽҲ˵죬ҲԵˡ
˵ţֽշˣڽױ
շӦ£ᣬʯͷҲ˵ء
ǻȸǻطˡ
ԺͺԺ⣬һӰӭǰΧŵˣΪҪˡ
Ц˵һֱء
ȴ룬ԸˮҪԡ
ˮˣԡͰܾϸյˡ
һׯգʵҲЩףһδŮΪıǹƥûǺѵġ
ܽףܼҵȨ£Ҳһ·
ңܽ곤ԼҲûгԿ
ﰲԼ
ˣͺúñްա
һᣬշܽĻڶˣһʱøʹѰ˼Ҳȼޡ
ڶգշھ¥Ҳԣֱӵ֪ܽĻѶˣΪ㣬ȼޣ֪¿зӣ
ܽĻڣǰµģûٷڣټޣֻףٶ»ˡ
Ҳշ˼΢в죬ȴûϾܾ
֮ǰﵱܽ궨»ڣ¶Ȼø鿪շ񵽵Ԥ֪δһӾľ⣬ЩȢ
ȨһµҴţźϢǡ
շظ˼죬ϣùдշˣ²²һԶ
ÿΪܻٳӽѯһܵóӻϲлʽס
շ˵ǰó۵ĻɰǰŮҪƣǵŮҳĻģûϵ
շʮΪѣżŮΪ⣬δܵõһⴢܱ֮ȫԼȫС
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׳׳£СŮ䲻£˼
һ⻰ɨһһۣȻ⻰ȻǺŮ䲻Ҳ֮⡣
¡һռŮһܽ꣬һټЩз硣
Ҳǿ󣬱һȥһٴޡ
շ˳˹ʱ
һᣬϻɽׯ˵ڿҪôֻ¡
շɫˣұΪԼ롣
ظ㺰ǰúʣ׸ʲôز
һصУշϴ±ϣЪ˺շ񵽸ǰѽս˵ˡ
˵Ͽշ䣬㸸ڱ¸ǰܾŻ¡
շǰ漸䣬ϲø׾ܾ˻£̧ͷշ˵ߣͷһݣԹµĸףŮͶϣĸ׳ȫ
շ⻰ɫ䣬˵ұšˣ
շ˵ʵˣԼͷ䲻ܳףǰһʱĸףŮڳͻżģ˵Ůһ飬Ů͡
ͷĸ׾ͳȫŮգ
շվ̫δ֪һˣռң
ģҲԸⲻԸ⣬Ի㶨¹˼ңȥ˸ĸ¡
շҲˣ汻˼ңӴ˰һͷ˵뿪ǡ
תðգͻȻ޳ĸףŮм֮ף޲ñˡ
շһſϣȥβָҽ̵̵꣬ġ
շʵŮΨһĸ׾Ůһ
շ侲λӵطûҵķԸ
շվٳţͷĸ׾ĿŮȥô
շ˿۰ʮŮͷۿһҲˡ
շطշ˵
ϣɫҲˣİ̫
շһҴ٣Ҳˡ
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ڶգͬշ˽ۣʱֱ˸
һУշ˱ӽշĽ㡣
շȥշˣ͹ˣ޵ŮТĸײˡ
շǲˣҲշֻ⣬̾ս𸴱£˵գȴ˸һӣҲʮʮա
շһɰϲǶֶΣüʮʮգһԼʱֻҪһţǱȳˡ
ţԼܽӣʱҵԼ밲
շһ룬ĵױ˿⡣
շ̾˿ԭǷݼױ㣬һݣЩģܼҲ˵ʲôҪͬճޣҪȽǵļױǷݷ񣬸̫򱡣Ҳ棬л˵ǾͰͽţܽǾͼҲܼұӡ
عͷҵðѼױȫóһ㣬ٱģȫֳ룬һ룬һ롣⻹ܱģϽ˱졣
ٶһ£һһӣŵ˽Ҳĸ׾ˡ
շһϲŰҧ
ϲߣĸڴӦԼˣҧߣﾹԼһױ
ְɷְɣܵýȫ黹


75 .  ߷   ֯
, 񲿵ĹԱռˡ
ϢҸе˷׷ȥռҵϲ˵ռҺø, һŮǡò˫ȫܽ, һŮ˫ϲš
ռշӦ, ȴǺշ˵𿴸ߵڣʵǴ̽ڷģϲ١
շ˿Цβֻ֪, Цӭ
̾չŮȴЩ˲²ʲôĶС׸˱˵һ䣬Եľ, ҹŮȢ, ƫȢһλܽ׵Ů˭֪ʲôĿ, ռҴơ
շ˷Ҳв, Ҳ
ֵ, õһλƴ, ȴǽ±Ĵλ
˵, ˼һ, ţȰͷ, ˾˵Ƿ뾩ܹܱƽҲպʲôռҡЩ¶иУܻеġ
һԾİ
⼸գȴ㲻Ѿױʱִ̫ˣץ㲻С
Ѿ۾һֱȰ˵ÿһͷ£Ǿͺá
˼գȷʵо۾Щʣ㲻ǿ󣬻ָдֹ԰ӵϰߡ
һȴյţһˣ˵ǰյżСҫȻѹСӵơ
֪ؼҵʱͬͬӣһʱ
Ÿ˵ԼҪ˵¡
ʣѰ˼һдһŸϺռǽἰԼҪ˵¡
⼸ȥһʯȪ壬̽һĸٸԼҪˣ»һ룬Ҫȥһˣֻ¸׺ĸײͬ⣬Ҳ·ϵ飬һһصģû׼˻ڣֻա
дţȴܽ̧һ֯˵Ƿ˽˱ļױƷ֮һſɾ¡
һ֪Ǵ˼ҼŮרõ֯Ϊ˱ʾŮҲ֯һͻݵĹ֯òãҪġ
һϺհõǼ֯Ͼɣ֯ߣüŸ֯Ϻհˣ֡
ʱҪ֯Ϻհţȴһֱûܳɹ£ɷá
Գ٣˰ųȥģ㿪ʼĥīִֽʻһܸ֯ͼϸϸ˳ߴͽ̤ȹ졣
æϣŻꡣ
īɣͼȥ鷿
鷿񣬱չ֯ͼЦŮջ֯ͼ׶ߣʡ֯ƣ׿ȥһܳЧã¡
ĳЩͼȻһͷˮҪǸǰȻϣԲͬ׻ϸһ飬ȥ
ͷ׼ǡ
ȴʾ£˵裬һߵۿڽ㲻ս޵ܼңԺŮۣԲ±㵱
һ£Ϊм仰ȶ㡣
﹧˳˵
˵ܼҵļҷ磬ᵽܽԺܻеǰ;ϸϸܽĸǿĸ׳лңǹϵģţ½ԳΪ飬Լͷ
ͷһʱҲЩдǵʱʵ࣬ȴ£ȥշ⣬׺ĸ׶ԼҲ㰮мӣԼ¶Ҳ
ûշҲңҲóޡ
ֵĸЩԣʮݣһҲݲҪ
ĬȻ
˵ţ򿪳룬óһֻϻӵݸǸղصļױãûеġ
ӹ򿪿˿æպãЦŵл
ڶգ֯ͼȥܽ꣬ͼܽƵĸ֯ͼҽнܳڻǰɣЧãҪһܸױʣһ֯Чһϡ
ܽӦµһԼ๤ؼɣԵһǰϡ
һ⣬ĵǰһΣܼңǿлϣҲССЬ
ܽͼȻԼ๤ʮ³ܸ֯
գܽȥ˵ֵ֯ѳɣ׼λ֯һɴ֯һĻƣһλͨ֯һλø֯ʱȽһ¸ӡ֯ûͼһȥĦָ
ԣĵǶ»ڣԼڲ࣬һȥ࣬Ҳ޷ģͷ
Գ٣ܽ굽˽࣬ۿλ֯֯һʱѿӣ֯ͨ֯ʡʡʱ׶ߣ֯Ļƽܷ
һƥû֯꣬ϲ֯֯ǰҪ֯ģһ֯꣬һƸÿ
֯ݺύ֯֯಻ͬƣԺ֯»ơ
ʱ֣֯ø֯֯ͨ֯֯Ļƣȫסˡ
ڶգﲢ֯֯ĲʥܽҲ̧һܸ֯ͼ
ۿϻͼﵱ֯ʾۼ֯֯ǰδ֮ƣǴϲν̲߷Ϊٳһع
Գ٣˳ùſڣϲɫβסæȽй¿ظϲ
շϢæȥ̫̫ϱϲò֪ǺãռҾȻһλǰδ֮ҫ
̫̫һԸȥ죬гÿϯΪء
ϲֵռѪŮǶ̶ʱ䣬Ϊռҫôڸǰ㣬Ҳ˸ˡ
շҲ磬һܸɵģ³Ҳ㲻侩ǹŮƣͰȫȥˡһأҲܼңܽڣְߣˡ޵ܼңҲͣɲһζͷС
ְָͷǰ׹ͼˮͼ֯ͼˡŶ೤ʱ䰡
ܼǶϢӦ졣
˵ʵл֮ǰռһζǣ⿨סܼңܻ£ǲͣռҲʶ̧٣֮Ҳûкӡ󣬴ö»ڣҲЦ޵ܼңҪԼʲôݣһﱻ߷Ϊȴζӡ
ֻھˣԲʱ֮Ҳѹ
ˣȴҫΪﱻ߷Ϊȫڹ䳤һ׮£ºҲܼΪζҪȢռŮɡ
˭ռҡ㰡
ҪǸȥȢһԣ
ظ籸¾ϯֻһҪϯ
̫̫ȥʨĹһɫ磬շˡ
÷Уϴͷ̫̫׹ϯ
һռҵļ磬̸ЦַǷշϽϲɫ
շУҧһﾹ߷ΪԺȻҲû˳ߵ
Уȴ£ΧɣףΪ
ʲϯԿŶʲϯ˿ɫǡ
͡һЦˣ֮ǰշѹЩɢ˲١
ҫֻǿʼѡ
շΪΣƾ֮ƶѡ
ԼƾģԼƣƣὥۣﵽһ߶ȡ
ԳޣټշҲû֮ѹԼ
ԼڹййˡҲ֮͡
΢΢һ䣬鼫á


76 .  ֮   յ
ڶ, ȻҸнռҵأҲġ
˷Ź͹һžϲ, Цշˣռҫ, £ȫϲ¡
˵ֺ, Ҫϲȥ
Цշ˵һȥ
˵һ强, շǱ߱Ѿǹȥ
շ˴˷ЦݸֻϻӵǸױġ
æлӹҿһȴǳһ, һϻһ׺챦ʯ, һֻϻװȴһͨ͸ֵơ
㿴շ˵ĸ, ĸ̫Щ
շҲƼ, һʱЦ˷˵ȷʵ̫, һݾͺ, ջһȥ
˷ͳȥջص
תֻ, 
շһ, ĸʢ飬°գ
֪, ǹ˼ԼʾãԼԵú͹˼׺һʱˡ
￴£Ҳɿһʱȥֹ㣬ĸ״ķʲݸ㣬Ͽһ񣬵ǲѪס
˵꣬գգ۾
ﲻʧЦ˵ԼʵǱȸշҪ
գз˹أ˳շױ
üգ̫̫ǱҲﵽǰΣĸױģ¡
ӹЦŵл
̫̫£ֶΪ֮
˵һ̫̫ȥ
̫̫ȥշ
һʱշˣ̫̫ͬΣҲһ
շǰһ㣬̫̫󱳣ۿŮһڸзĸ
̧̫̫֣շ֣Ц˵ʲôɵأǼ޵ú˼ңĸܰο
շ̫̫˺һᣬŸǡ
շУҿκп˿һʱɫЩã̫̫ϥ³л֪̫̫꣬ʲôöոױΣõĶףǸ
ת۵˳ǰһգշȥշ񣬽ȥһʱǲѾߣݸһֻϻӵĸ׵˽š
ϻӣȫƱ˷һɳԾòУʧĸף⡭
շ˰ϻӣֵ˿࣬þǣĸҲûΪʲôҪˣĸȥҲû뵽õĲӣӸá
ϻӸշеĸף̫ˣһС
շЦӶģŰգãҷҪܡ
ԣֻ£һʱȴֿһշˣƤǵĸ׸һҲһ𣿡
շһʧЦͷֻǧ
ֵЩ⣬Сĸײô
շЩ§ڻУСЩϥ³󣬳ԵĴõģȫϺõģûܹίһݼױٸǧ㹻ˡأܹöίĸֻûиĿԸ㡭
Ķ⣬ҪˣҲʲô
˵ţӻͳһСӣУҪ˯ʱ
ףǴֲô
շ˼һ¶ЩҪôأ
ߣһܵĹ£ʵô
ͷ
շɿۼɫҲˣ㶣úϢҪء
շˣһѾΧ¡
ȴ˯ã˺üΣ컹ûһ̺ԡ£޼ףͿĨһЩ֬
ֱæշǱ쿴ִŵɵÿЩĪ˼ʱ
˸װãѽʱ紫ϲ
СѾ߳ȥ̽һӭ׵Ķˣߣܼҵұߡ
䣬ܽϣǫֵ룡
շǽ㣬ȻҪȳţҲͷȽո
ܿģշɰױշȷŵϲϣշӢŵܼϲϡ
˽ӣһһȲϸȴ˽ڿʲôɲŮòܽ
ϲڳһʱԽܸ
ﱻߵûϲʱŲЩ鸡һʱȴһֻ޳ÿȷס
ϲһֻ֣֪֣ܽԾġ
˽ܸǹٵָ£أٰݸĸܿ죬㱻ͽ·Уڴǰ
УŰ
Ķ˶ҪϲȴһҪʲô
һյһʱʵл˭ҿˣˮ
Ƕ˹һˮŶٷȺ󣬿ɲҶȡ
ˮоԺЩҪ˵ȴнŲܽԸ˵ȥգ
ᣬȴЩţĿ
ܽǰϲÿϲá
ӯӯ̧ۣܽꡣ
ܽ괩źۣɷһ˫ۣԲ˵ҶĻ꣬ẬһʱԽͷ𶯣ա
ܽ꿴µˣΣޱˣǱڵҪμ֣һʱͷƲߡ
ФôЩʱˣڳԼӡ
ǰߣסֺ֣һá
ͷ۾šһ
̧֣ܽ°ͣٺһ֡
̲סЦˣûĻ
ܽһЦƻʢһʱһΣֽ˽С໰ֻ˵̫죬ͻ㡣
˵˼仰ûôţȴܿϲˣָһ˺Ƚơ
꽻ƣܽˣæԸͳԵĹ
ѾʳнϼС˲ȡ
ܽ곯ЩˣʲôֻܷԸѾߣٳȥӦһ
ܽȥպ÷һҲˣȴٷˣԭڷзүģѾߣԺڷ⣬ֻٷ˴ҽ
ȴû˼ʲôϤѾߣȥЪŰգүҪ˷̣Իᴫǡ
ñϷˣ˿ڣ˲裬һᣬܽ껹û㴫ˮԡ
ԡϣϣýŲȴܽˡ
Ѿ縣һȫȥ
ܽ˷ȿһЦһЦ㴫ˮԡ
ڴϣø䴫ˮԺһ¸ϵͳͼһʱӿ죬
ϵͳͻȻ㿴ǱСӣʮ֮ģףǿʵġ
ﻹû𻰣Ժһгԡͼлתһ°ﾪˡ
ⲻܽ𣿡
ϵͳţȹһ£֡



77 .  ˲ߢ   ԭɧ
ǰͼ, 䶼ΧŲ¶ϸխ, ԽԵüȳ
λ, ˡ
һƬհףšˡ, ٽỴ̂ⷢȻǿ׷ȡ
ϵͳҪ۵ǴݣⰡ
ŷ̵, Сҿˡ
ϵͳǡһҽٿ֪һ³ߴȽϺá

һ̣㿴ˡ
ϵͳһ׳۰˵Źرա
Ѫ, Сĸ, ֺ𣬸оЩá
ϴ, Ҳ룬һ, ˱, סͷ
ӷ, ռɫɫǿա
Ųͣڴǰܽ, ֽұӵ˯ͷ
ֳ, ûס¶һź͸˵С
ܽ۾ëȶ, ˫һһ˲ߢģɫһ¾
˦Ь˴ָ˸ķ˿ã
ͷԼ侲侲ʲôҲû
ܽ갤½һ㱻ӣЦ꣬С굽ȥ
ֻܽȣ䣬Щ˿˿Щƣӡ
ܽᰴסֱۣߵô£
û뵽ġܲô
Щˡ죬ͻȻʲô۾ʵͨô
ܽһҡҡͷһԺãûͨ
ҲǵһΣô
⣬ʰ
һܽߣЩֲסϽֱ۾
ܽߣ˴£һЩġ
׳׳ʵ㶮ô
ܽ˼ʧЦ˳ҿӣ
ԭҲСӡ
˵䣬ܽ縧Ķֶ˵ٸȥ
оüӣͷӵƤûˣֻʵˡ
⣬ҹḧ꣬ãھ𻨰꣬ţһ籩꣬ȴĻ̣ҡŹ
Ъͣ˯
־룬һȴ˯ü˹
һѣԼѹһֻ֣һʱãβԼѳףæŲֻ֣һֵҲˣ͵͵컹磬˯һգ
˯ˡ
Ҫְֻ䣬ӽµġ
оʲô뵽ַˣֹֻ֣Ҫأ˲á
𣬲һֵֻ˻
ܽ§סһʵ᣿
̲סܽһۣôô
û˵꣬ˣææŤͷµء
Ѿöæ̺
ոͷױǰһ̲סЦٷ紺
òҡͷϣҲЦٷģѹ˵ģˡ
Լվӣ뼰ʱݵģٿӣһʱ
ϺռˣȴѰ˼ţҸһˣĸˡ
뼰ϣһʱȴշ֪ȥ̽ĸ
ʱ̣շͬױǰֻɫȴҰ
ֺ֣շױۼɫãľѹʵôˣ
һ˷䣬շ񵹲˵һΡ
һ£ ǿЩױ֬ЩỹҪ밲ء
ָ֣װϣüͷţ۾ûһ˿ϲɰֳ֣ˡ
һζѣϽ˰ɣӳŽ˿Ϊ»һҹͲͣʱлˡ
շһ¼֣ĿͻȻʹ
һ۾ξԽ
󣬲˯£ٴǰǳΡ
ξ׺ĸ״½ӻԺܽףΪδޣʱޣ³أ¶ĸ𷣡
ڳͻżŷע⣬ûоܾģɶ˻
˽̥飬˭֪׼һŹŮΪһҪƲ
Ծݣȴ¥Сˡ
мһģˣʱȴĸײλܱܵţﲻ֪٣Լƹŷ
շԼģֻΣֻΣģġ
ǿջЦš
һᣬܽ굽иܼҳǾ裬ͰʮִȰ˴
лϿŶϱЩ˳ĿĸҲڲ࣬һʱûΪѣӹ裬һ˴
ﱾñΪѵ׼û뵽һ־ʮ˳һӴ񣬲ɴ档
ϲ裬ŲЩȣ£Ц꣬Ҵطٹһš
ܽӦˣȥ
˵÷У﷽ŷԸѾǰš
ܽƺЩнԸ˵ȥգԼ÷ͺá
æȥ
ܽЮҨһߵã
΢룬ҲܽЮˣɾòˣ
ܽڿϺɾǰٺһ䡣
ƫŤͷ
ܽȥŻҾ͡
Ŀֵ֮ǰô
ܽЦǰҪűˣŷס¶㣬񣬻𣿡
̲סְһֹۣԭһɧ
˵ʲôܽ˹ȥ
һûʲôϽò˰ɡ
ñţ˿ڣϲ裬ܽлҪҪ԰һ䡣
ֵЩֻۣ밲һ
˵ſܽһۣҪԼȥ䡣
ȥԼźϴһɡ
ܽȴЦԼʲôùġ˵ƽʲôǲ
ֻôش
ܽ굽׿룬ЦˣҪۣȥţ㡣
һʱҡҡͷˣź˯
ܽ͵͵˯
ûꣿ
Ͱϱ⣬ܼ˱ҲûΪôգǹ˳
ܼгܽ껤ţûշҪԸһʱ֮ӱոҪöࡣ
ôգշ˵ȴǿ̡
ÿһҪظǸΣξԽԽӣռΪҲܾ
ÿ죬ٿˣŻ£δǿš
ҲƳĲһ׷ʣշɫ˵ԼÿεԤ£壬ʣҪ֡
һȻֻһʼξ¡
շ𼸼Ҫ˵ˡ
һһӡ֤շȻԤδ֮£㲻ٽǻҰܵɫ
һգȴǻŵӣһ磬˱շռҡ
һոǰһҲһˣȴܽš
˫һո
ոһշȴ
Ųż죬ôôأģƺҲǣ
ӴǴ氡¼޸ģ
˻λŮ鷿˵
շ˱λŮ˲裬ǲѾߣʼǻ¡
˶˵ˡ
շ˼շɫãҪסϸʡ
շ¿Цȴϸ˵ֻէ˼ңЩµط˯ñˣգȻͺˡ
˵ţ̧ͷշˣ뼰շΪһʱ絶ʣշ˼ϵĸףҪúõġ
շ˲ö˶ô˵ʵĸףǲ۸ˣǻӣ̫ݣҲҪ۵ġ
շҡͷĸףҼãԼ⡣
շ˼ʲʲôһʱֻա
Գ٣շ˱㺰ֺ֣굽ǰѯʡ
ֵ֣´ͦõģɫã¡
Ҳһ˵ǡ
շһһգȥ㣬ƽա
ֺ֣Ӧˡ
ҲշĲԣţλէȻߣûֺѹˣɵģЩ԰
շһٴǸΣأޣżȻ³㣬֮³һ¡
Ǵ죬ȥͷˣ³ɺͷӿ
շ֣ĵ¶ûһ˽ᣬ


78 .  ˭¶   ʱ
ܽĻа, ڼＸգȥ䡣
ȴÿգȥһһׯϴߺ, ĸ˼¹ȥӹ, ײ֪ʲôˡ
ܽһͷӦ, ף游ֻ˵Ҫȥһׯˮ, Իǳȥġ
һˣ˻кôģſɱǰˡ
ڶһ磬ܽ밲, ˳Ͱ, ϯл游ĸ, ȥһһׯϴηȥзȱ, ˳ɢɢ, һ顣
һ, ǵǸóȥߣڼû
ȴҪȥҵøĸһźá
ܽ游ĸӦ, ĸǱ, Ȼû⡣
ñţܽȥлϣҲͬһ˵, ֵ游ĸǳȥһߣлһȻҲ÷Ҫȥ죿ҵö֣ϾЯ˼ҾУ㵥һˡ
ܽһһӦУֺлϼ䣬Ŵط
뵽ڶձ̬ܳȱ˳һЩܽ꣬˭֪ôһϣ˴ûꡣ
°ҹʵڵֲסˣĵܲܿ㣿컹Ҫء
ܽɳɤӣ˵һ仰ҲŻܿ졣
ءһҧֱϣ
˺һᣬŴˮϴ»¡
ڶ߲һʱ̲סְܽꡣ
ܽװȴЦ
ﲻɴ˯ͷһһġ
ֱۣܽڻڣСҼϣײͷ
ֻڣҪá
С˯˰ʱѹ
ܽһιʵЩô
Ҳ飬ֺܽ˲裬ͷЩˡ
˵ţ߶ܽϣʵΪʲôôأ
ܽʧЦӣҲö˭ã
һЦһƬů
ܽƣƿ羰ơ
;ͷ羰ߵòðһׯ
ׯеĹׯŷˣææӭ
Ϊ׵¼ܽ꣬ׯн˵ǽֺ󣬿˱ǷծѲϿӯȵȡ
ȻⶨȻǽۿܽ꣬շ붫·˰˱úÿЩ
ڶϣﺰټׯ˵Ժǰ˹ľ޽֮
꣬㺰ũǰԼ˵ʾһ飬ʵôȥǿմȼ޽һ֣֮ӽöҽƷ֣ٶ޽Щ
˱ʾˣźɢˡ
ٴѵֱ֮˵һʱ˷ˡ
ܽȴݲ裬̸绨ѩ¡
Լׯ⴦ûгסգȴңֲ˼
ȴүٷˣܹˣ˵м
ܽæ˿롣
ܹһܽүٷˣ²ˡ
ܽ£˵
ܹԴʵҹͻȻжֳֻڣ㣬лΧסոռ˽ڴ̽ɣūׯУȸ֪үٷ˴¡
𾪣շһֱҪԸóϲᶾô£
ܽȻعʵΣҵٻؾ
ʱһáˡ죬֮շйأռǲԼ
񣬵ʱֻҪܽ룬ܼˡ
ܽƺ֪룬סֵ̫Σм飬㲻Ҫ̫ġ
ﳤ̾ӣռҪˡ
һ·賿ʱ֣˱˳ǡ
ﲻϸܼܽңִҪȻռһˣܽ޷ֻͬǰռҡ
һ˵ոǰԶȻվܽסֵãǽȥոģȻܼң游ۡ
룬ͷ
ǲܼңߵӭ˵鷿еǡ
ܽ˲ϴææ鷿
ˣǲˣֵ˵
һ̼Ȱַһ׮£֤֮飬߸޹أҰġ
һɿշ޹أǸĸ׵ܱס
žУҪӦһʱֲĹеˣǰձлϷ˽лϷԼϲ룬лϽæӦ
ҲˣлϷ˺лһȴ¡
Ȼ޹أ˵ľ漰ٲýž֮ƣŷӴ龭
̽Ϣȴһշ㱻㣬һҪۣ˵Ҫϡ
ϣϵ
շ񵱵˵Ǳ˶ģţֻѲܲ鵽֤ݡ
ǰ֪ӲͣһȥѲôһ飬Ȼڽѳҩһҩԣȴҩһģһ
ˣ˽ﳼ֮Ůڸ鷿ѳ˻֤ͨݡ
㱻㡣
˵̾ǣ̫㣬λӣű²ӦƽϢ¶ˣҰ𶯣ҡ֮
շӶͷ󺹣ֻأûˡ
֣öæҪǰ̡
ɳȥڷ⣬Ҫһ¡
羪֮ԲΥȫ˵⡣
շԼӲ˲վӣҲ֪ԼɫȻҰܵ㡣
ұ۾Լֿ龰
һصξȴ
µأһ裬侲
ǵģǰμ˶ҩ޻ˣ⣬һʱԼ˶ҩˮС
жٷ޻ˮ
ԼȻ룬ȴ˯ֻ۾૵ԩͷծ
䣬Ϣ˵ǽĽ㣬ٰɥ¡
շۣ֪ԼһǱסҲסռһ
ֻǵȻβϡ
һߣշת࣬һֱ˯á
ڶ䣬Ϣ˵ռҽ⣬ѳߡ
ﾪϲææҪȥĸ
ܽͬһͬռȥ
շһһ§סû¶ɣ֪
Ҷ֪ˡĸףˣռûˡ
οϣ˵ǹˣշ˽ʻ
շɫ䣬æοĸףûµģǽӦѭʼѡ
շȴ侲ҴҷԸҲ֪ΣϽܼң¶黤һѣסԼùǡ
ʱллϷ˲лϵʱ꺦֮ˡ


79 .  𾪳Ұ   
շʥ, Ȼֻѭʼ䣬ܿǻظˡ
󣬳Ͱȴ, ڳ۸ǰһ׮¡
, лʺһͬʥɽׯͬеĻглϡ
δ, ҽлʺлУ˱ýã, һ̥ͬ
Ҫؾʱлʺؾ;ж̥ɽׯ̥һʱ, лʺ, ɽׯлʺ
лҲһͬɽׯ̥
ڼ䰲ͳ̽ˡ
Ҳ, лʺлȴͬһֻһ, һλҽʧˮ, вųԻ˶, һʱޣΪӦ˱лʺлŲһڡ
һ, Ҳ˲, ڵϢûȥлʺ
лʺлͬʱ, ʱֻаλӡ
лʺһλӤʱѪֹҲֹס
лϲµӤȴزۡ
֮ʣлʺ󺰹˵»ˣ⼸շҽͱɽׯһˣ̥ҩĲĻƤ£ȻҲҽѻӱܼ
ǡóһټлʺһٿ󣬱Ӧˡ
˵ʱƣۿӦʺĿðӦ
ʱȴóлʺǰҴд͵ţʵ۸ǰȻʺҲгһգܳɣԺͻϣһţдк̥ǣںδȣҿһ
ʱţŹµҲ𷣡
ţѰһڵ£ŭĺ¡
ͳزһߵͷ
ʱ֣ͳһ˹ڹһۣ£ͬʱȴϲ⡣
һ̣ǵǴӮˡ
ֻűںʱܽĻˡ
գз׮£Ұ𶯡
һ׮˽ŮɣѶȥţΪˣ乬ڡ
ڶ׮ͷʰһС
׮ƽĵԼһλΪѶڣװס
׮ͷ
ǰ谮λ곤Ļӣͷֻʣ³һ֦㣬ȴˣ˲⡣
Ϣܽıʿͳἰ˵ͷʱ׼ˣ˵ĿеĴѡˣȻΪá²ʣǱǴϲ֮֮͵ľԱӣµǺܿ׼ˣ׼װˡ
˵ҡͷ̾Ϣϰ
գַһ׮£۷׷ףǱɥ£±࣬ޡ
֮ޣ۱У´ʿš
⵱£շڴǰʰȴǵ˻ȥޣǶȼ٣ЩճƷ͹ˣʰ̫ࡣ
̶̼գȴݿ£˲١
˽Ϊ֮ΨԼ֪Ϊúߣ¡
Լ˰ҩ£ҲȻ˯ãξһһһʱ¥Сĳһʱ¶ĳһʱ³Ϊƶӵĳ
ξʱޣ࣬ȴߵĳ
֪ޣĹˡ
һʱгʷ˵շ
շһշˣȻվһȴֵشߣ૵粻
˱۾ºͷһɬ⣬Ըʷշ˵ȥ֣Ժ֮ա
շ˴Ƭ̣óʷ˵ȥ֣ʧּôߵô죿ô¡
ּʱ˳շ˵䣬ˣȥ֣Ȼظա
ʷշ˵ˣշ
շͷԸȥ󣬸Ҫδãɱǡ
ʷҲ˸УȰһ䲻ڣȴǿϣйһλ
շϳʷĻѾȰ
ʷ£ٵǻ껪ظȥܿ࣬Ϊɫ˷ѡʷᰲ׵
̲סᣬ޳һš
շ˼Ѿߵȥֵֺֿ֣Ըȥ֣Ըһᰲһȥ
ֿ֣޵շϥǰūûбˣֻˣūߣūҲû˼
շּ֣֣˵Ұա

עڵء
շ֪Լںδ֣ƵƣǰһžԼްˡ
µأվǰ˿һϴֵ֣֣ǰ㣬һڣʼҩҩ
æµ䣬Ըֵ֣ˣɽҩ񶬿ຮȻˡ
ֵ֣ͷ̵´ʿĳ
˵Сñ˵һλ赹⣬ѽ̧ιˮһʱȴδѡ
շһ֣ȥ̽ӣһңǻԵĹɴһһλ֮ǰ̵ҩð
ʱһλ
ڶϣˣշǰ˵Ϊᡣ
շֻ˵Լĸ˫ǣңֻڷǰȹ
շҲʲʲôҿŹ֪һԵݣһȥְ֣ȣ䷢Ϊᣬͺžࡣ
Ȼͨҩ֮Դ˺շǰ̣һҩÿɽҩƶ
һգɽҩշຮȴ٣Űٳ١밲ˣó˽ӣڳԷ֯´ƶ֮
շþἰ֣ȴûǰĲľƽ
֪ǰ֣Ƿˡ
ʩҩƾ٣
ת۹꣬ʢ
Ҳ֪Լ̵λ´ʿԭԼİٳԭá
⵱£ȴյµţռἰ˵ʯȪԴˮ֮ʡʱʡ٣˵Ӻù࣬ἰհŲ½һ֯ʮֺã˵֯ǰٳ죬֪ٳǺˡ
￴ţЦ
ܽ飬Ҫһˣ̽ĸ
ܽһ㳤ĵطȥһˣȥգ
һܽ꣬Ԥһλòɾ磬ʲôʢ


80 .  ̽   ޼
, ͨʯȪС·ϣʻ
ͷһڣһŮ
еܽ, Ů
ƿ, ܽ·绹ã, »ŢʻóҲȫࡣ
˵, Ǵ㣬Ҫշ˸Լһгһ·ҲΪʯȪһ¡
˴ڣһȺ߰ҵĺӼ, Χת
Щ, ײźӣһ߽ҳ⿴, סһӵޣ㰡, ǵò
޵кӴս˳, ͷ, ɫۣԻ󣬺, ôһۣ
ЦҲ, ˲١
ͻȻա˺󼸲תܣһһߺȥ־, ˵ˡ
һ˵ռҵļſڣͼհȫˡ
һǳһߴ󺰽㣬һߴһ߻Ҫȥܽ꣬æòֺ
հŻһϳǺûˣһѿء
ռһߣȴǱܽòͷȾˣһʱЩнֻһûǰ
ﵱǴܽǰհţȥݼռϣܵҷܽ꣬ﺰͺá
Щ૵ģֻ˵ͺá
ռ˵
ͷԸ˰һϵĶһ߸ϵ˲ʱһһѣУЩǾʱµͳʳÿһ㣬ɷֵھӺѣôҳ档
ݣ־ææȥ±ӣ˲ܽһ߻Ҫܽ͵Ɑµģû˺ȹҲˢϴɾˣֻܷá
ܽºЦõõĶҲõá
־һɿ
һдŹ˵Ѻܼҹӳףû뵽˲֪ôдźá
ҲЩģҷסùۼҵСôҪҪ峤һ䷿סţ
ﰲûµģסס
ռǺܿܽ鷿
ûռҲ鷿ˡ
ϻͷܽ겻Уʱɲ٣ĹڼУ˵Ҵˡ
һʱΧţ¡
־ףֻűһУҪ񶨻ˡ
հ彡ϣһֱЩѪ񴺲úЩ
ռĿȼѲٷȥ꣬Ѽ⡣
ʵռ˵£˵Լ¡
˵շһʱЩΪѣ֪οڡ
ռȥʱҲʹշʱȥˣҪ˵Ų˸أ
ƺƳΪѣֵѸдһš
˵ţʾ־ȥó￴
չһշ˵Լոɳ£շ˴Ʊȵȣ˵£ԼԵǳһˣȴˣдУռϲع˵Եһơ
ϴ￴ţӹպã̾ϢǺԵֲñˡ
˸Уæת˻⣬ʼĸ˵¡
лһᣬۿҲˣհźϱȥξƲˡ
æǰæ
ŰҰζȲþо²ʽʤнͷ
˱ܽò߷ˣûȴһ뷹ûԲµӡ
ʱ˷ɿ
ֻҪܳԵĶĶ
䣬հź֯ȥ쿴һȻԼ֯
հź̲֪Ǹ֯İٳһζλٳ̫ˣ֯Ĺ֮Ǳ֮ǰҪ࣬˶˵øһλ
ﱾ˵Լǰٳһ룬סˣռҫ֪ԼҲ֪Ҫҫʲô
ڶգܽȥѲأʵôۼˮڸعˮʮָˡ
˷̽ףȴ½ãÿܽˣؼҶҪ죬õȫܽķȺò
գõѲЩͷۣҪȥﻹԸܽȥ۱¡
ڻ۱ºɽ÷ִһ䣬䵽ǵĵط估ʱ龰
ָܽ鵽ߣǻعͬжǣȥʵμ㼸ΣʱѺ룬㣬Ҫúõлû뵽лȴ
˵ߴ
棬СĽ˿ˡ
ܽЦסС䣬㲻Ҷֲҡ
ס죬ҪĽţ۵˵
֣ܽڴĽ
˵ʲôֻ÷ɿ˾ξΣҶ㡣
ܽˣ˵ģʱɲ
飬Զȴյүٷˣ
ӦպܿǰͷһλӺͷ빫Ӳһλ޹Ѱ˵ȥռҰݷٷˣٷү˻۱£ǱҲѰˣﾲкš
һ֪ⶨǷ˲Ȫˣ¼ܽ˵⼸ԼʱѣѰҪһ
ܽͷͬ⡣
ǰҪʱҲ˲£֪֪ؼҵҲ֪Ҳ޼˵ףδܳ¡
ܽ굹Ҫ˺ȪǺˣФ
ھкƬ̣һͷЯһʳĴнһʱȴǿˣվ
ﺰһŻع־ϲ겻㾹˴ˣ㲻ϰ
˺ȪҲعܽǰԸλ࣬һӱˡ
ﵹ󷽣˷˺Ȫһǽܽҷܽꡣ
·˺Ȫܹܽӡ
ܽͷ˵
СɳѶϲҺȱϲ裬һЩ龰
ﵽһ˵Ļ벻ҷһ˼ܼ޵Ӱ
һЦ
ֵƫĽˡ
˺Ȫҵ⣬źܽۡ
ǱΪһ³ģþǾ˹ǹҲǱʣ²Ҫֵôһƣôһۻ֪ŹӲ˵ġ
һɫѲ磬˱ǡ
ţ㳯˺Ȫðգƹˣ˰գ˼޵ķǰ˱Ҳ׷ˡ
˺ȪһֱȢŮ鵽ûȢףŷ磬ĳֲɸ˵̬ˣ̬ˡ
ȥ·ϣһֱĬ
ܽҲռҡ
ЦܽɰҼλѸסˡ
ܽЦգסģֹ⼸λѣ
˵Żջؾ¡
Ҳ֪ܽôգףʱ̫´ҪŻֻܼҳ⣬µסվͻȥ
գϼ޽ӹ֮˵һЩĸŮ֮Ļݲꡣ
ܽռۼѧʫĵȣЩĿ࿴ˣҲһʶ
պܽ׼ؾռֱ͵ڣᡣ
հ£˫ߣ´λҪ޶Ӵ
ԶܽģհŵĿǣҪ޶
΢̤һţôôƤ
ܽһ§ʵļ򣬡ȥҪ޶
ϴΣһ·ȴǲį


81 . []    ġʵ۵ĵѪʷѿ
ʯȪ, ֻһңշ죬Żܼҡ
лϱڹл, ؼ, һˣרźﵽǰѵ, ѼˣõԷΪ죬̷̹, ּعأܡ
ﴹףһ˳״
лΪʲôͼһ, ͿԲعˡ
֪лϲ, ȻײֻһӦϱŽ̵
лϻ˵, ȴɫһ䣬һֻ, һֻŶ, , ŭ˵䣬⸱С˭
Ҫ˵ȴǡۡһ, Żһ, лˡ
ææˣһߵȻΪβ˵
Գ, лϺܽ걨ϲϲˣϲүٷϲһˡ
лһϲüңתͷȥ˵ܽ꣬ϱϲˣ㾹һ˿֪Ҫиôڵġ
ܽǴſϲæȥʵãоô
һᵽԵζŻĵûʲô
Ա߶˼Ҫע˰̥ҩŸˡ
죬ϲշУҲӴ
ܽﻳУϲò֪ǺʱȴƵƵ˵
ܽЩͷԣһظ󣬸ã½˵Щ֡
ʵк֣
ܽһһЩ£֪㻳УûУ˵ûʱԻ޶
һҲо֣ӣʵ̫ˡ
˵˵ܽ굽鷿˵
ܽһ鷿£½˵˺£
ܽһһϸ˵ֵʵģ£Ҫġ
һ£ǵʲ˴ңҸ˵һ׮¡
ܽһģҲ˵ֻ˼·һ裬˵
ܽϣʧʲôȻʺ
ѹѹֵǧȷ
ܽ˲ʧãһʱ֮䣬ǰһЩ£ǽ˽
ֲøĸ׶Щʲô£ˣĸһٿ䣬вԣҲֻ游ĸǰ
游ĸȻǰٰ۰ܸо۰һ˿ʲôġ
ϸ˼Ѿһ˿ǷִС
һʱζӣҲ˵ϲǲϲ
˷֣˵Ļת
һ𾪵ԣǻӣֲôԭС̡
ܽãЩң֪ԺΡ
ﰲƵƵ游¸㣬źܿҪˣ⵱侲
ܽԼһ֮λδ»ӣݡ
һµһ˳ͻ
ܽͷ
ҿܽߣдСӣδܿۿСӳɣʱǰΪСٵһɿıˡ
δ˵꣬ܽ۾һͷһƬ˲ɢ
§УЦãҵңɽҷǡ
գдһըϢ
˵ܽԭѹлʺ֮ӣʱɷڹܼ͢ңϥ£꣬ܽɷȥʼҾݣ߷Ϊ
֪ļλ֮⣬ȫˣû뵽ܽǻӰ
ڶգܽŰٹٵ棬ܽĻݣٵ߷ܽΪΪ
ʱҲʥּʼ޽
ܽһԲסܼң۴µһլסţ޽ãٰ
Ҫլ˵
ܼ˶࣬ÿӦۣ⣬Ѳ߷ΪڰлϸǰȻܰףҵù˳ţǰլԼŮˣôôɵöࡣ
һܼң˾룬ܼʱҪһ
£ܽլڶһۺл밲
µףлݲһŮ߷Ϊƽ˳
ƽ˳ʱлﵽǰ˵һִи˹ͣȻһʱСҪˡ
һ֪⵱ǳҪܽΪ̫ӣֻһʱˡ
ΪȻҪΪܽı
ʮ£۱گ£߷ܽΪ̫ӣΪ̫
ͬʱǱ鴫˵ϢҲ£˸ͼˮ֯ˮ֯
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