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˽׺ۡ1000/ö
˽׺ۡ50
˽׺⡪1000/
˽׺ǡ1000/
˽׺1000/
ٵ۱𡪡100
嶥⹦ڵ칦˽׶⹦100
ڵ칦ᾧ˽׶⹦200
嶥սǹ˽׶ս100
ǹսᾧ˽׶սϰ200
սۼס߽Ʒս12
ۼסսᾧϰ20
߽31836Ľס282.8
սᾧսϰ399.6
8㡪10/  
ܴÿһֶ˶
ڽŹСϣСƼƷĸλεĴ֡
ƼƷ
ֵ֮ȷ200ҡ
֮ʣơ500ҡ
ݾ֮Ϊȫӻ100/졣

羲ȴԻش𣬵ҲûкżϾŹӣԶ֮ǰôҲѡˣƷչļ۸ѹ̫ݣֱ̫ߣթеСΡ
СκܿĨˡ
£ô˵ǶթأʮѣЩһȥӡòĲҪե㷨ҳУԿʴȣǶԼ̣Ŀء
˵ˣҪžծԺ÷ϵͳһ룬Ҫǲռ󣬵ùĿɾˡ

ɨйܿҪȷԸзйؼʣĿѪ㡣
գգۣǸθеӡҲǺ۲شİ˽׶⹦ǺãҲúܣһʱĺ𣬱ͲǺʵƷ
ԡ
Ĭ[ϵͳͷ210ұ۵ʱûôǮܽҰɣ]
210˲䵽ˡ
һ̣߳ϰٿ壬ÿһϣдһŹؼƣؼݣԿڲ
ͬʱʵѪǱʲôסһл۳һССĵѪš
һ䣬ЩٵƮ빬֮ڣǸѪҲХǽ롣
ͬʱһâס޴˿ڽϣѪֹסˣͷϵҲɢ
סˡ
յ˵210ֿˡ
ϵͳʾ
[ϲչ߽Ʒս1Ʒս1Ʒս8Ʒս5Ʒս2׶⹦ս12Ʒս6Ʒս2Ľ׶⹦ս26Ʒս20׶⹦ս10׶⹦ս10һ׶⹦ս10չ196ңʵֵ657.2ҡ]
[չ˽׺Ѫ40Σչ4ңʵֵ40ҡ]
[۳Ʒʵֵ10ңۼ200ң190ҡɵ95ңɱ10ң105ҡ]
һҹ
籾ӦҪϲģǣǷϵͳٶռٴƷûȥǰǸծġ
ˣϵͳҲ壬Ǿ͸ɴո׼ǵɡ
ȻǸʮʣٵȵȣһҪӴˣܵ㱾𡣡
[õģ]
[ǮƸ£95ҡ]
лҪ˵磺ұˣƲˡòɷĸܣлл


4 Ԫع
ԵϢҲϵͳ¡
  
ͣ  1532
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׬һֽ˺ܶڶ԰ôô˳ۡΪӴλ߽µĹؼƷ׼ȫˣҲ¿˵ʱƷûˡ˵˽׵ѪȻȲϾѪô󣬿ڰ˽ʵ˵ãرСǧǧЩĵر
õذһܺõسŰЦǷ󣿡
סĺôһϢ˵Ҫ۰ٽ⣬ѡƷ
붮
λƤȬٶҲһγó500ҵĶȻÿ컨һڰȫطԼ۱ȸߡ
ڰûʲô̽Ϣͼνϵͳļʧ
ԱֵóĬԣûʲôϻβһ˦˦һȭͷʺ顪ܶȺܴѾٽķˡ
⣬ٳ֡
һ룬ԵβСһλ׶ߵӢ꣬۴ڣһ˫üӲشߣ͸һӲ£ǿ
Ц
Ѹɨһ۵ںȻĿбӣߵһǰ
ͨŻֻ׸ߣƺֻͨĵңʵϵͳٿصɿռ䣬Сϵͳһ֮䡣ԵȻǺܴģʹԭ̾Ҳڻ¡
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ĿıӰЦڣעſԿ˵Ϣڿ˱ֹǰÿ콫Զ۳һٷҷ⣬йעſ塣
ת繰˹֣Զ׼ر˹̬ȡ
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ڵѾһе޿˽׵Ŀ˳޶ëԸԼһš
ϵͳлصһ顣
[Ƿͨ鹦ܣ]
һ㶣ھ鹦ܵϢ˲䱼ӿ
Уÿ綼ڹʱ䳤Уߣÿһ߶֮ӣ֮ӾǶ˾Ƕʱľ顣ղŵİԣĻϢＫһ֮ע족ĸ֣ʵǴǸĿǰڡ족˾У֮ξġǡ
֪һľ˵ȻڿǰάһĪ󣬻ͨıõⷽʽȡø档
ֻ
ͬʱӿġͨ鹦ܵļǮЦе㽩Ӳ
50ҡ
ȻһԸԺͨκһ綼ܶȡ飬ҲҪٴθˣܲˡһܾҪһ뷨ң
ʹضԼϵͳ弸Ӻ󣬲űرۣͨɡ
[õģ]

׬Ǯˡ
ɣڶλˡ

׹޵
ڵ̴ľϣһϸСŮţ԰׵ϼûκѪɫ͸㲣ӵ
ĺ΢Ŀڽû˿ۿҪˡ
Ż꾲վڴߣͻȻ䣬һԣæתӿ첽ӴҴס죬͵ؿ󣬱˺ⳳԴŮ
ãֹͣһѣΣĵһԵϡ
ʱһٿشǰһΡ龰̫죬΢ңĵҪ㿪ȴֱٿû塣
Ӻͫ΢۶𾪡
У磿֮ף
⡢ôܣ
ȭϾţȴʧȻˣһҲܸġ
ֿ˼סؿڵĴʹǵ߽󷽵ңŻżԼ
ҪǰС
һ˲Żǰ
ͫ΢֮ųˡУȻģ
ɵ߽ȥ
ͬһʱ̣ԼãƺҲϵøӽˡ

תֻգʱͻ˸أ⣬ǲͬ硣
һԼң˫ŽźȴһûʵĴ
кܿտǰкܶ೤̨ףһ߸ϵ
ϣһ½ƵӰ
һŹӰݣ޷ĳ࣬ӦǺòƺЦ⡣
˲˿Ϊϴһ翲ѹԶƽȴ߸ϣ˲ֱӡ
תܶͷȴûаԥ𾴵˵׹Ԫعݼ֮

ϣƶ˵ú㡣
ԸϵͳŽڶλʱǽϵڶŻһȷ˰׹⡣ͬʱĴſڳһꡣ
ӢȴвݣʱʱؾҪȼ߽óͦߣҲܻ󣬿ӿյģһܴܡ
ϵͳжϾ֪λϵѾǲˡ
ǰ֮Աݡ
ǰλ˵ϡ
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磺Сǧ-0-ٴ
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8˲µ0磬˱ԴļֵȻͲԶˣֵǮӦþһЩܾˡι֮гע桱Ӧ˵Ԫعιһ׵˼0СǧƷҲֻ1000ңι֮ȴ1000ļֵˡ
пǣԪع˾Ȼֻ200
һľмȻ֮ΪǣȻҲڻҡǡСbossbossԼboss0˵1000ϣ200ֵҲ͸СǡСbossࡣ
Ҫֻ˼ֵλ

ԪعҲԼſ塣
ſ֮ѾõܶϢȻ֪ԼһڣͬģҲ˿ٵĽ֮أѰʺԼƷıԼˣڴ֮ǰҲҪԼĶȡͨġҡ
ſܼһ壬ϸгԼϢȥݵ⣬עĿǰӵеļֵ
Ʒ
200㣬10/㣻
ι֮500ңֻܳһΣ۲ӰԼʹã
ټ鷨150/֣ͬϣ
գ400ңͬϣ
350ңͬϣ
ҩţ150ҡ
ƼƷ
ٰ˽׺Ѫ8ǧӣϡͺݿϴ裬գкܴľ㹻ǰ¿硣ײʵԽԽҪϡͣ޷ܣбΣաֵ1/Ρ
ڰ˽׺Ƭ8ȴǧӣϿļףСǧƿֵ1/ö
һ׶⹦ɴ죬Եʱʹ΢ˣҪҩ̲Ժɱɴﵽͬȼˮ׼ֵ2000ҡ
һ׶սֳ֡ʽÿһʽѶϣԽԽ죬޴󡣸ƥʹãɡֵ2000ҡ
һ׶⹦Ԫɴ죬ƽͣʱԽ޸ӦҩɺۺͬȼΪˮ׼ֵ2000ҡ
һ׶սǧָΪʮָָǧָؾ磬ԻΪͬǶֵָ1900ҡ
һ׶սƲսԶͿգ߿ذɡֵ1900ҡ
һ׶սսСռŲ죬䡣ֵ1800ҡ
һ׶⡭
Ʒ
ٴסСǧ飬ֵ1000ҡ
ԪعһɨǺѪǿκͻһıҩֻԼֵܺͲ˲1850ңʹȫҲֻ3850ңԶԶһκѪѵõûиּ֮ۻ۵ʸ񣬼ȻʱɬģٿƷ
дúڵƾͽСٴסЩζѸپ˽⵽ʵ壬ߡ
˾ͺھ֮С
һԪع˵ҪƷȫ˵ȴ֮⣬֮Կ۳跨Ҵп۳
ָ鳯Ԫع˵㡣
ԪعطмŴСȵıʯԼƮƮǰǿſһۣȻȻؾ֪ǿŴ֪ι֮ᾧСЩսᾧŸСľҩŵȼˡ
ͬʱ϶һʲע850ҡ
̯ƣͨϵͳ
һѸۣҲγ˱ʯģ㱦ʯʯ͡ಡһɵԪعǰ
Ĭ΢΢һЦ֪һеġ
лҪ˵ԪعǸѽүġ


5 İ¹
ͬһѧͬѧȻУŮԸܴ󣬱˴ᡣһѧУеĻУ⴩Խ׹㽵ڻʹñʵԪʢ
Ǹ˽ԸҰĺܴץסüֹ˻ûƽİϷαװ·ӣڻʹҷԴԪʢԲѣüүڣҪõġɷ֧֡Ҳ£ܿں粨
ڽκ赱˴̿ͣ͡κֱڷͨԸ񵥴󣬲û̿ҲΪһЩԵû¶ʲôʱڽͽ
һʱȥɺϵطκԵʵԹޣһ⣬κ趼ҩ˷ϵ
Ȼ˴ûʲô飬κȴԸ԰𣬰ҪûиĻܾʱദͬʱ˵ʹｵŮ£ϳ㣬ϲڵ󣬵κڳбУ˼κƷͰԼ
κܾȣ뵽ȴµΣԣҪٽ¸κˡΪ˸һϵݱӻκٶףܸмκװˣԼִѧļʼչԼҵ
ڼ䣬ʶһӢԴ˻㺣ɶԴȴǱڴ׹ĵйӣӽհ񲻹ΪκδޡΪð·㣬κ趯һЩǳԵæԴѴԪʢԸð¶Ԫʢʹȫɶκɱ⣬κ費òӡ
ŷǶԴĿģģκʮΣһ뿪
һһ߷չѣ飬κʣµСذҲԽԽ󣬸ԽԽȡ
ʱΪԼܣöԪʢͼүó𵴣ƫƫ֣Ҳɧű߹ء׹⻼ûķ׹սҡ
κ費̿ľ棬Ҳĵλ͸ѡһλȻһ죬ȴֶԴȻʵѡһǻΪأѡ˶Դ
Ϊִ˵ԽͼѹŪڹƼ䣬ʳ׹󣬶Դһͳ¡
ǰκһɽ֣ԴȻҲϰ񣬿ȨҲ㿪շǡ
Ҳѹ߱ȡΪٴסˣеġǾܶΣѺɳİ񡣰Ůһ·ɳκ¡
￴ԪعĴڣΪú磬һз֮ǰˡ

׹һλȵֵܣǻʺճǵĸʳҹҲݹһϵѳֳӣݱֻλȻһӴ󣬹̫ʥּһʱҲԳȥ
ǰΪ̫ҿüʱŸԪععСۺԪعΪӣԪعҲΪĸһ㡣
мѣʺΪవ֣ԭ𽥿ͳɼΪԿһϵƽ⳯ãӭȢܶȨ֮ŮΪ˺ܶӡǱļΪ̫֮λõۺ˴ϢĻᡣ
Ԫعͼ̳֮λۺüãҲǸֵĴϻ֮ˣڽ󣬼θۺ׼ƣһγ˹̫һϵĲ
ʱ򣬳ȶʺҲڸһˡж෽°֣ԸʺµӣԪعڻסʺµŮκλǵ첻Ϊ˵ŮܽɳۺһƬŮ֮ģΪȡ
ܼλڵۺԪعľչ£ȼˡۺһֻϣ˳죬˵ʱӸסвҲºͣӦǿʵѡˣû뵽ȴǸҰĲģڵıֶαװڰи֮Ů˳üȥΪ˳йеλ͵ģҲϡ
û뵽ۺȻΪÿҸѡΪȻϲпԵģٽӽ˳˳ʼɷ񣬾ȻÿݺȾ̼Ԫعȥչ˿ΪĲļ٣ȴ˱˿ӣеȼ㡣
ȼԪع壬Ԫعԣ˼أһʱ벻Ϊ˲øĸֳʧȻ˶ԪعûüֹѺڲѣϼӲúҲˡʺɥŮɥӣ˼ܴѪӿǰڶĻǿɿԪʢλǶȥ
κ裬߹ص֮ӣԪع࣬ȿСꡣڸսɳҲûˣڸۡСԪعչκ辴Ԫع縸;ҪЧ
ԪعκΪ˹⻷żȻԪʢǵȼˣдޣſʼзչϣгһΪԪع
ڸԴʱԴȻƵѷɫܶ࣬˻ڣǲ°յġҲ׷ʹκʱʲôûжᡣֱ׹ʹκնɱԪʢΪԪع˳𣬲ظ潲ɾ
ǰκԪʢͷȥԪع͵ۺһң˰񣬸һԪعǰߵݳס

飬Ԫع͵ۣŭ䣬ҧͺȣԪʢǺһԪʢûԼʲôطǿаѷŭѹĵף̧ͷʱѾһƬ侲˵ʧ̬ˣ¡
˰֣˵֮ѡ
ȻҲģղԪع˵ֻ200Ϊһ֮ǰĽɫԪعӦڻҶ㲻ϣиʮ˾Ͳˡ200ֵĴڣΪİ¹⣬ԹԪʢͲԸλĸԴ֮Ļ£߹ص⣬ĻΪĽ̵
ԺԪعȥϻгǸĹǱ֪ۣԺкܴ˵㣬˵ԷչСǧ֮⡣
ʱԪعʵķңαھ͸޶ͺأҪɳչ
ڸԪعƷչʱ˵㿪ǹ̶⣬ʣ¼Ƕ԰뿳ռ䲻С
ǶԵͼͻķ֣ҲǶԪعĿá
˿̣ԪعѾûͣйתͼӴ뿪ˡ
߳ŵɲǣվ
Ԫعҳɣ˦ң޵
ԭ޵ǰĹһڣ΢΢ŷϸֱ棬ȷʵЩͬ
ԪعһȻڶһ˵ת㡣ļƽϹô뿪ģһ߿޵ţ˽ȥ
У֪ʲôʱѾһŮۣ²Ÿߵʣ׳ȥŴȻһ죬һһʱҡҡ׹ЩҪ
Ԫع첽ȥСĵؽʹļ׵˵ôɵ¼ʲôܱӹأҪΪ¡ﶼΪ𣡡
û뵽ᱻַ֣ⷬʧʹ
Ԫع֪˼Ҳ˵ʲôֻһ£ذοţȴǿӲ
ǵŮ֮Ī˵ֻǱݺȻ㲻ˡҪʮ˸ףֻԸҲûܵ˵һ䲻ǡ
ڼȺģͻȻԪعĻס϶ʱɳһĨߺ죬ֳʲô߳ܣһЩ¡
Ԫعûٴ΢΢˿һЦΪֿû˵ѻСãȻҪȨѹˣֻҪΪ䷶ʧ˵УпڡⲢҪ㱻ЩŰ̱֮νʲôΪֱȻһºҪΣֻĶΪĸҶָָ㣬Ϊ
룬ʲʲĸԴʱ̫СģˣʱҲж˼ٹ˼ǸѵҺûûɴպҪʲʲĸһӪ
мȻԡ족ΪҪġˡҪۣԺ˵ҲܴһʶʱҲܰˡ
Ԫع˼ƮԶǸ̵üİ꣬̾˿ֲжκ裬ȴû뵽κΪһκӲСģȻṼκһƬϣ֮׵ܣ֮縹ġ

Ԫع翪ʼȴλˡ
ӺǰٿسһӴĺӰһ磬۵๿һ磬Դ
类һʶض˸ͷ
[ѹ]
ͬһ˲ӴӰһݺѹƣڵϷһ˻
ǵλˣΣһͷֵ顣
峤ʮףһ˫ǱĤչѹѹһƬ㸲˴ĲӳȳͷҲէһƣ˫ĵطȴһֻצϵëҲϡ٣Ե÷ǳ죬ƺҲʲôࡣ
һ̣ſڵϿȶ˫ǲôѲϵͳѹơ
е죬ȡߡ
Ȼͷ֡
ʱûС顱
ң˵ǵ飬˵ӴȺ
һͷڵڰѼڵģڵУܶ;͸ҲȻԾڴ֮ϣǶͻһ𣬸ʷǰ̾ϣԿռݵĵ
ֲͱֲҲչ÷ǳʢֲﱾǽӡӣܶ඼̺ŷḻҲʳЩˣǵѪҲʳʳʳ飬˴˼Ҳ̳ԣǵͬԲ飬ͶԶ֪ЩӴ߸ǿͬԶԶԽ֮ĳЩȺͷ컹չǻۡҲΪǻۣܳΪйͨĶ
Ҫ˵ʲô֮ͬǾǷȻеİǵϵİǸԶǶʳߣҲ˴ɱ
ԼͥΪλݾ۾ӡʱ򵥶жİӴȺϢڿֵֻǸĶҲǿÿ춼绬ȥӣƾԼӵľͻΪʤ̭Ʒ
ǰͷոճ꣬Ըֱ嶯ڻȥԵʱ֤ͨУͷؽ˼ȴĬϴӦֱӴ͵ſڡȻġԴ𣬳벶ɱͺܱ
ϸϸ֪ǸϵĿ磬ûỹڷķֱеҲԺ󣬲ʩһߡĵ֡
侲𣿡


6 д
ǻ壬ȻҲĻ˫˳ӵصͷֳԼĳ
ডݼ֮Ҳˡ
üһ̧
ϵͳ൱ϵ
ǹεȻʧо岻ôأô£ĳûͼ֮˸鶯Ĺâȷӵ˵ǻۡ
ɨ塣
  
ͣ  1
ʵ  һ
磺Сǧ-2-
ݣ  һͨǿ
ˣ  500
״̬  ҽ
ʣ 49
ʵֵˡ100/
100/
2000/ͷ  
ԺıЩ΢
ȻͨİѼͣһͷճķʹﵽһˮ׼Ѫ⻹ʸۡΡۡȥλ˵ĿƷԵøֻʣˡ
翴еĵȻ㶫Ȼ˱ֵƽƽԷģǿԷܶͼƷġǳʺСǧ˵Ʒ
ܿ죬뵽ҪôλֱˬĿ˽º͵ЦЦʳָ
һ룬˫ضסʳָ
ȷе˵ǹʳָϷŵһġ·챦ʯһѪ顪ȵԺͿȺ֮
ûӣЦ˵˽׺ѪһһΣȤ𣿡
˿Լ塣
ȫ5000ȫ490Լ1000Ҳһ

צӽץŵ棬
ζ˵Լкܶණȡҡ
̧ͷεع
ָһ·ͱЩֲܹЩӲצĿе˵գʵҲա
˫ˣؿָǵʺĺѪһۺչ˫һԾգۼͻ赽֮⡣
ԣҪԴʳȡĽ

һӴλ˺еӦˣҲźܶࡣ
ҲǣǶһܹͨĵطϵͳӣɱҲ޶ˣʲôµģסչ
[Ƿ񼤻Ƿ⽨]
磺Ǹտͨ˾鹦µģ
ϵͳһѣķҾͻܲҵģ
ĬĬһӺй
ðȻϵͳˣǿ϶ķҹã⽨кô

㶼Ὠˣܾܲ㣿磬ǰʲô
ǰεľ飬Բο
[жѡڼʱ䡢⶷սģȹغϡ]
仰һ飬붮Щ⽨ܴľ޴ôת÷ɿ죬ô׬Ҷ˸
۸٣ĶҲҪǮܶ
[100ҡ]
ǱĽǮ֮
˸¡

֮һƬʯ̾͵ĵ棬ÿһʯ϶߲ۼͺ˼ǧꡢ꣬һɲãֹϵϢ
ʯ·ϣֻǱĹʯչϺˣһֱ˵棬źصĳǽ
һ̣ʵʯשεضһضѵɹ׾ĺǽѿʯ涼ȥ
ȲʯשʱѾǽƣĳǽƵʱȴûзϣ£һڿڵ߸ԻһİңǶڳǽֱдš桱С֡
ȻŪУȻҪеӡ֮ǰ֪ʲôĿˣҲûʽӵ⹦ܵĽֻܿһڼӣڲͬˣѾӴ˺üܿ컹࣬ܲΪ־ͽССɣѳ̿ǱȻ¡
һϼƣϵͳ㹻ĵطķǽΧɸ壬ͳһġӵġС
Ժ󲻹˶ٿˣжɣܸһ˽½Ŀռ䡪ȻɲƤӵŪʲôôô¶
֮ǰĹ֮ǰûôΡ룬ֱӾ֮˽˵ˡߡǰܶССĹңԭĲſŰԵǸָȥһСĹǰýȥһҶ顰ӾӡλõסˡҵϷҶһƬհףʾûס
ǰһϪϪˮ峺ףȦԳһķɢЩϪֵΧĵطγɲͬ򣬶ϪһȻһһ㳯һа˲ߡ

վϪԣһƳĴ仯ңмڸϣϵı΢΢ѿ
ƽܸκһߴʻģ﹦ܵı֣ںһЩܡôرȻҲܹ󣬱ϵͳ100ֲָ֪ܷ㽨룬ͳ40ңǿͨڰ˲㡣
û취Ȼǲ뻨ôģ˭Ӵһλ˽׵ĿأʹλһլһŹ䣬ȴͦðôûеڰ˲㣿ô֮Ʋ죬Ŷԭ֮Ҳ˵Źͨ磬԰˽ҶΪ
淢£жΣͨȻۣȴסʿͻȼôߣҲߣͨ벻۵ģҵһ֡
ȻھŲûǮˡ
ܼ100򵫵Ҫ60򣬱ǰ˲Ҫֱ࣬ġ°ͣһʱĺҲܲסھŲ㣬ҪҲװģһ䡰ҪʱԻ֡Ƹ˲ˡ
[ԪѼ]
磺
ͻȻ˱δҵĸоء


һɫ䣬Ū÷ﰵģֻ˵Χһ΢΢İ׹⣬Ͷۡ
ɫǡԪҪĻԪϵͳԴġֱָԴĹÿһĶ
˫۽գüͷ
С̫Ѩһ͡һʼججŪЩֵ˼أʲôطһ£ԼһЩ
ͬһʱ̣ЩʲôһѸٵذƤÿһë͸ȥѪ⣬뵤
˻
ҧǷһƺߡ
̫ˣ
ë׵ʱÿһѪⶼ·Сôһʼֻ΢ʹԽ࣬ʹԽǾңڲϵӡܲס
ȻСֻʣʮ֮һڲϹעҪ̲סȥһεǰˣϢһ󻹵ɵ˲Ҫ
ݺݵرסһɴ൱ԼǸľͷˣƾЩעҲ֪˶ãȫʧӿֳһɾ޴ƣһɣǰԵڵϣ亹͸ˡ
ʱĵѾȥһ㱡ĻҲתȻȻӣڻۣԽԽ࣬ɫɺɫֲ֪˶ãȫȾˣҲȥһȴڳע롣
Ȼһʹ̫ʲôεĶھʹǸһƵСףٹĻƺ˳ڣСӿȥʹҲʧˣо̹ͦġ
ˡ
ֹۣͣת
[ҿ۳ɹв鿴]
ΪʲôǮ
ΪҪǮġ
ϵͳ߲ͬȻ಻ͬΪȼƣʵҪͲͬףֱͬӸʺϵǿȣֻҪǸǮܼʱˡϵͳأҪǻҲȼߵߵƾڴһʼͽӴ߼иĻᳬѣ֮ףΨһṩûǮ
һףҪ1ÿ1Żأ۸1000ҡ
ǰƺ࣬ÿһλĵǰλʮһ㣬Ӱ˽ŽҪҲҪ1ڷ˵ӾŽ׵ˡǾǸӣܰǰ㷨֪ҪٲܴﵽǸȥѰѵı׼
ô
ʣ1ڷĻҪǮ
1000ڷҡ
ҪϢˡ
֪䣬Ĳ״ԽԽ磺
ծ200
ʽԭ95򣬿ͨ黨50򣬽ǰ˲㻨40򣬹11000չԪعϳƷ1850
һ50
Ԫع500
ʣ +47700ծ
ض壬ͻȻϵͳͨ鹦ܻ50ȥһСǧľ飬ɱû꣬ôҪһ󣿡
[ͨϵͳܣ˽缴ʱߣԱڸõ罻ƷƷۣʵʳɱΪ0öǴ]
ĬȻҲûʲô⹦ÿͨȻûףʵڲúƿˡ
ҿͨҲϵͳܣԺÿҲǴҲҪһ룿
[ǵģ]
ͲˣԼУûðҵƷͨˣɱ
[ڻûнӴ֮ǰܿ޸ҲɾǷĨ40ң]
һҭǾ䡰Ĩ͸ɤˡ
ܺڣòϣ⻹ǸùܣûС
ǡаɡ
ڻǮǺܶ࣬ȿ˶Ժ󣬻ٳɶ࣬׬Ŀ϶ࡣ
ţʱȽСǧ˵һܻӭƷ֮һÿľһû˭ֿܵǵ


7 Ԫ
ϵͳռ翴Ż˵ĳⷿ¶ͷ
һֻ÷ûʰͽϵͳռˣڴˡһֻһһҹϻаᣬȥѧУ
ˣһޣⷿӾ˶ĿôŰɡ
ȻսѾǿ˺ܶ࣬ȫۣһϣػA

߳ݣͶ˴󿪵ţеС˧ĴкյصĴѵҡҡ׹ʮΣա
΢飬ȷһߣȥŵһ½Ƕȡ
кϽѵŪȥСźúһ߲һ·ԲסǶ˰ɣղлл㰡
ЦЦû£Ƚȥˡ
кһȻϣ
ⲻǸദģü߹ȥҲ˰֡
кͷæԼ£Ȼʲôæһ۸
һЦû⣬
СĵϰССһ̨ûװĵԣ˷硢ͷһЩСƵȵȣӦǻûü
ɨһۣЩ豸ӦöǸղǸǵģǸɣŶˣͷҲ˵ǸͦҲ֪Ǹ˭һݵġ
˵ܲٲܲٵһŴˣһ˶ĸ߸ӿſڵĶ߳ͷʪĶëˬʵشкҽţ񣬸ôƺָŴкǸѣСܣѾʶ˰ɡ
ǱС£ˣСܣţɶ
ƿţЦЦ߽ȥ
ҽ磬ԺҪ鷳ˡ

ѻûȥ̨Ŵϻû죬׼ͽһ࣬·ϴһЩ򵥵ϴþ߾ûˣ·ҽ¹񡢶õط򵥵࣬㶨ˡ
ܴȼڴϣĵеҲû⣬Ϣһٴαƿ
عͷ
һͦε߽ƤǴƵףӭŹʱҲ΢Ƶģһֺر߽һЩҲ¶
緢˳ó󣬷ٶܡܾ׼ԣǾ£ÿһȶܾ׼κһƫ˾ֵ־׼ľ׼һʸУʹվȵ˸оʺץˣһ
òȻǺܺÿģֻǲͬ˿Ժ󣬿ܺѷֱӢƯǿǿΡ
ҲȻֻáÿݶѡ
Ԫ
û˵ʱ̫װƣڼˣֹŹֵؾãָ˻ͦƵġ
Ȼô룬绹ǱȻǰ˼΢䣬ȥ˵ҽ磬ѡ
˸ͦıϼһ۾ϸϸ˿߿򣬸áҲֻգԪ
ָȵģûסЦЦ
Ԫ¶һɡ
оԼеʧ̬һ˵Ҳ֪ʲôʱʰ˿̨ǱߡҪ˯ǱҲԣܷ㡣
Ԫ۾ãҲ
룬ʱûĻ⣬˵Ұһʰɡ
ԪŵӷźãлˣҪҲ˵
䴽ЦˣĿǰǶܺദͬ˳ۣҪǲĻͬӦò̫ġ
Ԫʰӵʱ˼Լÿ׼ȷ󣬶ڷŵĽǶҲĲûһƫ
һʱʱذһѣһ룬벻һרҵġλǸѧаɣҲ˵ǸѧġҪ˵ʱҲ̰壬˵ˡ

֪flagǲģױȥأССɲͨ˵ķա
ͱ磬ǰžǺദӺڣͻأ
Ԫպðһϴþߣ˵ȥɡ
磺
𣿻Ĵ
ԪЩɻ
Це֣ȿ
Ԫͷ˸ѣദ
磺
ðɣĴ
翪ţߡ
žʲôˣһӰݡسֻܿӰ
ʶȥһһק͵غˣǶżĹ⣬Ųɹȥǿ鲣
Ԫһѡ
ȻԪߵԣ˶鲣ķȥ
ض鲣ǽ߸һѣһŵľܺ죬ˣСܵĵơܲСԼҵģǸǸ
û˵ʲôһȽֲǹģסһᣬôСʲô
תͷ
Ǹһ˫۵͵ͨ죬ͷϵഺҲ÷ੲݿĭɣɤӴվڵµƸߵƵġ
۾
һһҵģȸ״øѸٿһԪϴ۾תȥСǡ
СܸţվűߣɫѿСܻõ㣬סˣ֣е⣬Ҫû࣬ˡţļʶͱȽϡǳˣǺ죬ϻſ鲣էܸЦʵʺΣա
ഺлڴʴʣҪСܣڳˣԽ˵Խ̱
ѵõǣǼң»˵ˣһȺûʵУżˣҲ֪ô̵ģʲôһء
ţôãҲ޿ˣ˫ȭսŲӾˣСקٵ˵һʶʲôˣ
üԪһҲǱߣ׼ܡ
ţҲӦһȰ鲣Ƭ
СܱǸ˵˼˰ɣһطȥɨʰһ¡
˵û¡ͷԪȥæ㡭
Ԫһ𡣡
ţû˵ѳ鲣ӽͰһˡ
û˸ഺ˵٣˭Ҳû뵽ѻ⣬Ʒ湦¶Ƶġ
Ƚ˷ŴС֪ô¶
ţԸã֪СģûţһǷ˸Сֱ䡣Ϊ࣬ţСһᶫСܱһƺഺֱ߽ӰСһơСû˴󵹣ҺţϽһѣûˤҪûסڵϣ鲣ҪС֪
ţе㲻ˬһ䣺ע㣬ղ̫Σˡ
˵͸õǸ˰ɣഺɨСܣûǸӴưôٵֱӣӺһģӹ£еˬһˬ
̫࣬ţȥˣ˼䡣
ഺлˣ֪ˣװװأ˵һڵϵһƣʲô⵲·˲𰡣
ƾôǽˡ
ȥʱ⻹˵ԼǹģµͬѧǼһûпֱܿҲһμ͸ðɡֱĺ졣˵СҲᡣ
ţһ㶡
СܻȻ¶ЦһеͻȻҲӦôĶ⣬˵ֱĺӡҲֻùˣѹֲ˼ġ

ЭܿСʰˡǻоͦõģһϵ͸׽кɴ๴ȥԼˡ
ഺлСǳ͵۾ûҲû˵һȥԷ챧Թͣ
һ˳ֹŸһҲ徲ˡ
ţпĿ¡
СܺܲҴ鷳
Ԫ۾û˵
绹ͦԪ˼Ц˵Ϲʲô
˻ͦҵģҺòҪǸһסȻ
ţ㬵˵ҾϣסҲǸ⣬⣬Լһѻȥ
СܣǱˣһһ¶أ


һУȥʳã˵A󲻽õģʳҲõģȻA󣬵ȻҪȥ֤֤
ʳûСѾ϶ĺˣȻϲˣ˵ʲôҪ١֪˼û
ܿ߰˸С͹СܻƿкһԳԺȺȡ
öĴкһǺעĿģһܶѧ㶼ƵƵҪһСǸʲôɫ˵˵ЦЦġ
СȻֱʱܴ󵨣ﱻΧ۾е㲻˼ţͦţˡ
üڵк񣬵ȻܷЩߴ󲿷ֶԪϵģЦͱ첲һ¡
˰ɣ
ԪͷһԼĵطʲô
ϸ۲ı飬治֪ô֪أǸɴСС˵ôӿÿ
ԪŶ
Ųסֲ˼ЦֻõԣʲôӦ˼
ԪΪ粻̬ȣҲյĶߣòСȥҲÿ
磺ȿȿȿȿȣ
Ǻˡ


8 
ˮ㷹ĸ˸Ϥˣ˴˼ĳƺҲ׽ҪʳǸɴһȥAУСУǱ߸ƷС
ţСסھܱߣǴӼģůˮˮ֮ĻҪ򣬶ԪסñȽԶˣ·ȥ졣
СУţСһȥСԪ޾Ǳߣ߷ͷж
ʱչУСƷҲ˺ܶ໨ȥУĴҲͷɫͷ׵ģкȥһûλۡ
翴Ԫ
Ԫ硣
˺Ĭߵصļǰ棬һקһţǰ̨Žˡ
ţСҲһӶ߳һۿŵİţڣ٩ͬӻ±˵㿴˳ģǲǸое񣿻ţп㣬ôվһǲǸСƵģ
СܿȥһˣţеͬС
Ҫ˵ǵȻǲģҲǲͬģϸֱɣһ΢ƸСС룬Ϊ˶ͦ촽Цʱ˸оеİɡȻˣҪ˵ǻԪͦһˣԪ治ôЦˣ˵Ȼû˰ģȴֱԲ˵ֵģԸͦĹ
ԪͺΡ
ʲô취ﻨڵʽܶ࣬ؾľûУǲɫϵէһɲһģһ
Ȥʲôģ絹ԪܸҳСڣҲԿ
ԪʾͬҲԿ
ôһģЦе㷢ǰɣ˵ֵ߹
Ԫٴαʾͬš
٩ĵĲں٩˵ľͺûгɾ͸ˣţһʱʧŤͷСͬѵѵĬ
СܸţǸֱֹ𣿿ЦôġУ˼ǲѵĬֵ飬ơġ

·ϣŶ̸Цͷߡ
ӭһӵĳŮòȣŮ񼶱
ţֱۣСһǣ᲻ɴʧûȥлˡһ䣬˳ؾͱŮȥ
СֶǴӣ
̲סЦԪûʲô顣
̾˿СҡͷԵ˵ǣֱС
⻰ﲻ޶ʼɣŮϧţһ
类ЦˣСضС˵ʵλѧ΢źС
Сܵɴۡ
ϵѧ㣬־ԸߣͦһŮɤӣû˼֮ǰҲѺŸǡ
Сܣ
˵˰˵ء
ǱţѾŮϻˣûȥţת¥ȥ
һκСܿӷ׵Լ̲סַ˸ۣҲ˧ţôһǻô˧Ҿ͸Ƶģ
紽ߴЦɵ˵Ϊ㰫ɡ
Сҭס
ϵõĸˣԪ187182ţ185Сܡ175
ȷʵ
ʱ򣬼·ٳ
ͻȻһ磬˳ܹˣ㣬һײϣԪӦ죬ְԼķһְСһѡǵĶмǿǿóһխ·ͬʱܹһݸߵٶ߯죬СǲŹȥġСܱôһŤŤ˼վȡ
ٳﾶѵݸֱȥлһԲԲ𡱡
˼ҸʱҲǸˣ˶ûССЩզࣺAﾶˮƽôߵķ綼ܹεƤˡ
ûԶԶݸĽţеɡǲеӣ
Ԫ۾ƬϻһĨ⣬Ҳ˿ջߡ
Сڸ̾ҲûҪǻش𣬺һǰȥ

СܵһţഺѾûС˿
˻ıӣȹȥˡ
СԼţĶЦɳɳɣæҲȥˣŪ귽㡣
߷Ŷûأûţ˸߲ҵػˣڷﶼĴɤţ΢Ҫˣѧ̬ȻСܿСĽʺ޵Ҳˣ˺һ
粻ݸһ̴һЦţôˣǿѵ˰ɡԪأòˣ벻̸Ůѣ
Ԫ괲ڴƽ롣
٩۹̫ߣ
Ԫûش𣬲֪óһ˿ƣ𣿡
ת̫죬㶣С
ʵͦΥ͵ģԪôѧʵϢʱȻ飬ƣû뵽ǣԪҪĳƲеĸֳϷϴƺһ˳һűȴСⲻǵ淨Ҳ̫˰ɡ
Ԫһ棬ҲֻˣͦÿģҲţƲ濴ԪʱҲͳģһһŵظԪƱˡ
Ȼһˡ

λʱῪʼֻʣһСʱСܺţʰòˣӷ߳׼һȥ
Ԫ˸ף㬵պ˿ƻԪûվš顱һ죬߽߰˸װͦĴ󺺣վš
ˣ
һɬỹż磿
һƵë̤꣬ײϵĲֵ߽᣺˵Ҳ֪ȥˣүǶһǱȺġ
ӭǼüë߸ִ̧˸кӴڰôƺλ˵װǱʾ⣬Ÿʲôȥѷʰˣ
װһӦǣ
ֺһһ䷿
ëҡڵɳһǣһүɡ
缸еΣѺõҽˣ
ҽСܡ
ţ񡣡
硣
Ԫ
ëŶȣһǰĶִ˸Ƿ˵ܣԺ͸סͬһˡ˰ѣӵأͶ١
綮ˣǸ塣
Ԫޱ顣
ţСһʱ䷴Ӧܣڱɣ̫ãɻӦɡҶͬͬѧ١ʲôʵевڣ̫ô߳ˡ
ǻû˷߳أ˾úܡֻǸഺдһСܴڳЦشյߣرؽе٣ҰܻԣСܣǰܵľϼƵģû뵽ܸסͬһᣬҲĺ¶
Ȼû˭˵ˣʲôٵûͦؿڣ㡭
ܻһҲ⣬ЦģҲҼһ棬סأסһˣʲôԸֻ˵ظžž죬Сڣܸ׶ġ
ܱ˹άöˣܻôҲ֣ھ˵аɣԺ͸ҡ
ܻһ֣æ˵л٣
ͬˣ
û뵽⻹ôĵһ档
ۼܻԻǱϲظ׽תߡˣҲþвС١ˣѱܻôţܻԿ϶Ǵչȥǻǰԭƻȥɣȥùͷ
¥Ժţһ±Ƶ˵û뵽ܻԻ܇NֻࣳУԺӿô

ԱǸͦƵ΢ˣ˵ҲȤѧϲ򽻵͡ҲӣҪʶͬͬѧѡɣͬѧһʮˣԸɵҽʱ㣬ͨҲӡ
ԪѧģʵֻѧĻͬ࣬ĸڲͬϵǰϳ˧ģžСĺ䶯˶ûɵ˼Ūͬѧͦź
Ԫ߳ңС졣
ȻʶŴ죬ܾøԪͶԵԪƺҲǣȻ٣Լ˵ʲôлӦȻȸ׽
ӣһĸо黹ǺܺõġϱΪܵ㹻ѧæŴ򹤣ͬѧѶûʲô󻹰Լ۵úûⱲˣָҪãѧҲҪʵܣǰôˡʶԪʵĵһһͽ˸ѡ

˻صʱ򣬲ܻԸƶֺܣȻˣռС̧к糯ЦЦֱӺԪ˷
һĵܻ˵һյķɨһۣ˼жɵܻ˵ǺȫᶼǸʲô˷ͽ˶ˣ̫Ҳûð
ٿɡ

æϺģʱãط˾;ûڣǸԪ˭ϴ裿
Ԫ˵ȡ
жϣҺܿ
ԼԪ϶ҲȥҴϴ˸սóᣬԪҲܿԼϴˢɾڸԴϢһûһġ
ĵõʱһͻأ
[п˽УǷӴ]
Ŷϵͳ
õ»ںЦе㽩ӲԼծȻ̸˻ڣôܲӴأȻѾһ⣬ֱӽϵͳǹ
ô취ֻһˡ
˵Ҷе㲻ȥ˲
Ԫת棺ϳԻˣóлûţȥҩɡ
΢ҡҡͷ˵̫鷳ˣڡ
Ԫ飺һȥ㳣ҩ
Ц´һ̨һڴӦУһ𡣡
ҪȻ˵ʲôأֻýݳĹˡ
ŽһĶ൱
ǣǸ߸ߵϣٴγһâڱεӰ
ô߲ʡ
˭Ҳ뵽Ƹ֮ոshiݶ

СǧķȻ뿪ûãҲ㹻ȥһͨӣץȡˡ
Ȼû뵽ǣ֮ţľȻһƬİĵطȦķʵΧǽ
ͱŻˡ
ণডডʲôط֮ǲطˣ
ŵ˻ţһ
Ǵÿɰ
Ȼһ˦ӡ
һ翵ĴôҲҲĶ
Ŀѣʲô̧ͷǰǵ˵
̧ͷ
ǰǳƬĹŹֵĽǳѨȴûôֵġ
ߴִ
ϳ˭ˣʵʵĶ򣬳˷绬ֱƬȺӽ󣬹ȻһĳѨм䣬¸µЦٶȸˡ
ſˣɡ
£˲˹Ĵſڡ
ֱʱϳģһһرԼ⡣
ণণץһͷ̣Ҫң
˵䣬²ҪȻסˡ
̡أ
Ŭػţ̱ץצİĵطŵˣצһɡ
ণҶˣȵȥ
ϵ֮ЦЦˡ
˻ӣһ룬һͷССİ̳ڷĽצߡ
̣һ£ս޵ǱĿǰʵףͷ۸200ҡصڹǷȷ
ؽеণণˣȥץץʮͷ
ֱ׳ز˷תһＲֱܵдſڡһ˺£һͷããС
ûע⵽еɲǣһ߽
лҪ˵磺ҵʱżˡ
ʱҺ¼ˡ


9 ټԪع
һɲǣҰ׺ǿϢӹޱˣûôµľޣ̲סͷһۡȻǿޡȥģֻܿ޾ڰնѣͬʱƤսȴ͵һ
תɰ⣺ȥĪҲеĿˣ
Ȼת
ͬڷޣûбͻأŵϸϸع۲ΧĻԺܿ췢֣ʵǽⶼԿšС֣ҲңңԶطĳƬĹңΡһǡ
ЦЦߵƬҵ棬˵Ԫعǰݼһ
ȻϤɤ
ɡ
ڶ๬м䣬һ·ޱȡ
Ԫع̧Ŵݶȥ

°ͣ𴽽ǣòܵÿ֪Ϣǵſһ֪̾ͲÿΆˣ԰ϵͳ
[õģ]
ԪعʱźȻ򿪣ɵ߽ٴ
纬Цʣʲô󣿡
˵ʵԪع̫죬еСء
Ԫع̬ȹѼһЩ伮Уʡ
ü㶯Ǻܿ죬ɡ
Ԫعͷٿ򿪣¶ʮ伮
ָ㡣
Щ伮˲ͬ״ơǰҳߡ
[ϵͳ]
[õģ]
粻ؿڣƷѧ15ÿ150ң2250ңƷѧ20ÿ250ң5000ңƷѧ8ÿ350ң2800ң׶ѧ3ÿ500ң1500ҡϼ11550ҡ
ԪعıЩأȻʲ˳򣬵ûжϲ֮顣
һѧ0磬ȻѧؼģʹĲǰղصѧؼ֮඼صҲɫġڰúԪعȼ¸ǻʵ۲ᣬеȻлʵ۲ȥ飬ԼҪ󡣻ʵ۲޻ɣҲ谮úܣһƾȥ
Ԫعǰ̫ֻѧϰһļͼ򵥷ѣڽ󣬴Ҵһ˼ʱľߵؼбݵǲٿװˣӰȫĵطٴνС
˵ؼһ֣ʵռ˻ʹѧؼĳˣҲ˵ʣµǲ־㶼ҲֻҶѡǻָȻ㹻ģɻҪõ࡭׽ˡ
Ԫع΢̾ϻĶŵЦţлȻϿڣҪһΰ˼Ѫȫ
һЦзңȻԸ
֮Ļһ䣬ԪعۿʲԾֻ2400ͬһʱ̣λ֮ʳָָ۳һκ챦ʯ㱥͸ӣȻָһӾͺҵļ˲Ʈǰ
Ԫعɫһϲܿ¶һ˿Σ⡭Ҫδزźã
Цõģֱժ˰ɡ
ԪعһɣȥժѪ飬ȻժˣûһˮзԴһӲײƻġģСذѪװĺɰ
˽׺ѪȻǴǿѹģǽʱ;дԪعûеͨˣ˵ǰװɰˣ΢ӽᱻɢѹֱ飬ˮҲᡣ
е̫֮ˣҲһԶԶֹһ
պѪԪعûмߣղŴҴһƳĹӰ̹Ȼѯʣղ뿪һλ̨ǷҲ飬еĿˣ
ЦŵͷһԷưԵСǧ磬ȼĸЩһͷڵĿ˲࣬ҲԸǱɶ˵䣬ôǾԼܶ޶ëУӵǻ۵̫࣬Ժ㻹಻ͬĿˣʵڲؾþȡ
Ԫع΢룬Ѿκˣĵط˲ˣޣƺȷֵ֡
侲ǫѷ˵лָ㣬¼ʶǳˡ
˵һͷ̣ǱǷΪս׷ս¡ۼ1000ҡ
ԪعЩĶ
Ц๬ңÿ100ҡ
Ԫعʯأһ²⣺ȻΪУҲгأԺļСȻǼУͻ̯λ档Щ̯λᱻ԰ѿأǸһЩԲͬĿˡԣԺܼʶĻƷҲֻ֮䣬顭˼鴦һ룬ҲԽȥһ翴
֮ޱΰĲ²⣬ҲĻʵ
ֻǣӦҪܶ෨ҡ
Ԫع԰׵򼤶һĨ죬ǻһЩ£ҶȥٴƽԼ
ҪҪ׬㷨ҡһλȥӦ̰е¸߻ʲͻʲĸˣкѪΪ֤ǱȻӪҲҪϸ顣Ҫȶ׬ȡҵķӣɽաǰװ׹õĻԵ
Ԫعⲻʱ仯֪Ѿ˺ܶ뷨ǣѣŻȥȥһԵĸһ㵽ǶſȻһС
ԪعӦл㡣

߳ԪعȻȥ˸֮㣬ӡ
ǰϵİɫſһâ˲䴫һϢ
ЩϢ˫΢΢
֮أĿǰа˲㣬켰¾߿õһңÿҪ10ҡ
һṩʵ۳ʵĶָд裬ʹӦصǣʹѧϰͨ鷨ȸ޹صļܣҲṩ֮ߵıīֽṩ߹Ħ黭Ҫϰҽṩ֢״ⲡˣϰҩṩҩģҩЧʵҩͬҩĺͳƷܴҡ
Ԫع³һ
ãЩҲֵãĿǰңҾͻỨзңû취Ʒڽʱ԰ʱ洢ùֹսһȥһЧãͿŰſʱٶԼʵ
붨ԪعйҶĦһ飬ְĿǰ龰ϸϸ֮ߵдǰһ̤
սǰأҲûʲôµĸо

ڱϣָ㡣
Ԫعܾ˰Ҳܾ˶þܴС׬һʡѪһΣɱܷ5500׬ͷԡҵƷܶ൫̫٣ֻԪعһһûô졣ϵͳ˵ǲǸſչ¿ˣǸԣҲ֪ҪլòſϳҪǳˣҾܸƼǰߺҿľˣһСǣûӵƱϴξˣ뱨϶ԸʹҾ͸Ҫʮ򡭡ûȥ˽йս͵Ѫ⡣ѪǺöٶҲǰ˽׵ĺöԽԽá
ϵͳصȴţֱظ
[ɫſ1000ңɫſ1ɫſ10򣬽ɫſ100]
[ѡ]
򴽡
ǰǺˬװҲˬҪʵĿǰʲҲͷ
ǵ϶еչʲôѡ
ͼݣŰɫſ͹ˡ
[õģ]
Űɫſôһס
ƮˣȻÿһͬʱӴλˡ

ݸģаСؾʱǸ˽ȥأһؾٶʲô֪һϻѪ󷨣ºķ֮ͻģҲỻ㡣ʱҲûܰǷֿˣǻһңһɾ¡
ãӴǾԶһȻԲ㣬ǡΪ㣬Ը⸶һУʹԹޣҲϧ
ݸ۸ô꣬ôˣֵܵùܹĴĥ˵úܣ̣֮ˣġ
ҡ˵ôá磬һǵĽᡭ
õģˣһңţ
谵ķһ˵ŮڿĻӵϸƺ˵Ũ⡣ûз֣һиŮɫ԰׵Щ־ŭȥΧıӣƺҪ̳ȥץ飬ԹŮ
ûṳ̈䣬ٿػһ׹⡣ţǰȻһԼĪƴŹ·׿ƬһΣ֮
ǡʲô
[У֮ͨأΪſ֮С]
[һ죬һлع졣գǷſΪпˣ]
Ůһ㶣һʱ侹Ȼ˷ŭָ̽شſ
ɲǼ䣬ϢӿԺڷӦ֮ǰѾſε߬
󶨡
ֻҪӦ̫棬ûסѿڶȻСžҹȻһ˿
˵
ǶŮ񣬶һۺŲس
ջճھ֪ףһ̣ӾȻǴûйѣƽزǶԹŮķӦʶִſǰһ
ϢſĵطѸٳһӡ
ת۱һȴ򿪵ţڶףļ¡
ǶԹŮѾţҪսߡ
Щηؿ֮ţȴڹŮǰһޱ̧˽ȥ
ɲǼ䣬ʧˣҲʧˡ


10 Ե֣Ĵ
ǶŮҴҹȴʲôҲû֡
Ůڴ磬Īˣ
üչ飺ǣܿҵߡЦЦ˵ˣӦֻǷǲľԱˡ
ŮЩĸоɼȻô˵ˣҲ÷Ĵ˿ȻûˣٻղĶԼַżҲ֣㽥ǡ
Ȼؿ꣬ϷһĨ죺̫±˷ˣʧȥ磬һȥ
ᣬһչְ§ڻ˵ˣȻȥЪϢɡӻСҴı
ŮһЦţġ

Ȼãճһİĳء
ԶĽȺȺޱȣΧ滷źʯǽЩãϵĸо
վһڴŵĵطЩ죺ѵǡУƺûʲôڡмδ̫ˡ
ſϢʱûƶŲͻȻ䣬߲Զٿسһˣ΢΢һæǰСһΣŽŵػͷȥ
һͷȿǶİ񣬷ֱдš桢С֡ȻոճֵӰǸԼʮӣһûۣ·࣬Ǻܾû˯žƵģ˶ɢһɥϢ
ڵ龰˫˸档
Ƥƻűӵգ΢΢һ㶡
ԥһ£еĺ滹ʤ˶İ˵Ľ䱸ûԷľ룬˸ſ
λӣ֪ʲôϵ
ӵеİɫſϣҲԼͬһš
գԭҲĿˡ񣬲֪γƺ
һ߽дݵϢһߴ񣬻ش½棬ֱµּɣô
Ҳͽһ½ӡ
ȻĿԣݵسĬһ

ǰһߴˮӳĻ棬е龰λ¿˵ֱ֣Ҳ˸һ
Ϊ˽¿ˣһʱˢľ飬ʱЩŹ֡

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Ȼλ˲ͬһŮԲͬСǧ磬ɺԵǣǸŰŮǸŰŮŮ
˵еֿڣ룬һҳŰɫſ֮˵ı⻷ҲˣôɺϵеĴǰ
¶̫˼°ͣɴûиǴк
ſǸô翴ǽʲôӦ

½ڵ綼ƹŴ⽨磬ڹйŮ˵ģദеΡգڵ绹û뷲ףո½кѾԼܳ軹ԸԵˣѹ֪Щ½һλСҲ֪˵ʲô
Ĭһ󣬻½ĬĬø壬˵˾ϻ
ǷѾſ֪ˡ
صͷ֪ˡ
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ոˣһŻòƵģɰͰ͵˵ˣ½ͬˡ
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ղɵ½⣬汻οˣطָ˸˵ǣ롣
½ҲɿǰߵղеĵطԱ߳ûȻ˵롣
άŲԶľ룬ſָʾһǰȥ

Ůദ̲סЦЦһˮûˡȻ°ͰںƣϾصǽ
Ӻλſڡ
½ݼ֮
գݼ֮
΢ɤƮǶߡ
ɡ
߽
½ǸѾܹٴĥıˣʱܿסԼ侲ǸаСѾԼĺģûסٵΧɨһۡ
˵ܵõſеԵˡλˣǿȿһſ壬һʲô󡣡
λ߸ϵ֮ȷʵºͣ½ղġ˵̶ʱ﷢̫࣬ſϢҲ࣬úµеˣɶǾúܡڶԷʱ䣬ǵȻԸһġ
ǣеſһ׹⣬ţǵǰֱһſ塣

½
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磺Сǧ-2-ǧ
ݣ츮ѧԺԺ
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ʳ¼ᾧ3000
ƷսٻӰ1500
ٻӰսᾧ2500
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Ľ׶սǿĹעǧǿʵ˼/ףĽף߿ǰɱθԺûκǿ߿Կټֵ18000ҡ
ۡǧ硷顪ֵ1000ҡ
ͬλͬвѯ
ݡ
½濴żƼƷٿԼӵеļֵ֮ѪһĪ
еҲ𣿰˽׺ѪڵȼһξôĺôѪӰȻֻ˳ġ΢һ֣𣿻ķţС顣
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һ׶⹦涾ɴºͣѧɺȻ񣬿Ըֵ֪ܺ1900ҡ
ڡˣ顪ֵ1000ҡ
һ50/졣
յ߶ƼƷϲˡõſǰվ£ǶԹŮ̲סġ鲻Խ룬Ҫѧˡ涾ǲ֪ǶԼĶ⣬ᱻˣתǾ飬ǶδԤ𣿲һġ½˵ģеͨ󣬶СϻҪȡƭֶѾĺ֪Լʲôδ

˵ĸо죬նԣܵηλ߸ϵ֮ȴԾضԸԼͬΪˡ½ʱʶؿ½档
½յյߣ뷨СϺ׵ۣ֮ƺ̫׵λ»̫³çһЩȴѣֽЩЦԭʹദ˺ܶѣÿÿʱû˿λƼˮȴѡƷĽҪͷҪһ̰
µؿ˵Ļ˵ùǣǣҲ顣
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յҲ󣬱ʾ½Ľ顣
Цԡ
վ͸½һ뿪˹
翴ǵıӰ˼󣬻ûˮٻ
ڴҲá
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½ջˡ
˵۳˵֮飬40Ȼ顣
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ԣ鿴ɡ
һ壬ضһ1015ҡ΢ɲغЩ½档
ʱԼܹȡҵĶ̫ˣмֵľ5000ֵǱ½ֹˡ
û˱½֪˵ҪˣУҲµһ֢ĶѪлȻ
Ȼڿȥ40ֻٻ25ֻ꣬ҪڣеĿˣͨйԴٶԺȻָӺܶࡣһ˽ͣҲЩܵõͻʣʮʲôãջǻΪԵֹ
½滹룬еĿԶԶֹ˲᲻ܽУҪĶǡñߵǲġ
ն½ķŷˡ
ʱ򣬾ſݸա
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һԣ½濴յĺɣпվˣҲǰһʼԼĽס
ȫ֮Ѫйؼ
ü֮Ѫ鲼ȫѪҺÿһζҪĴѪҺȷҪȫ
лҪ˵ãѪ
Ůлл


11 Ů飨ޣ
½һ㶣ȻȻ
˵ôףȻһѪﱥ䲻࣬ȴ㹻Сܲסˣɶ֮ԣܱϵƷ϶Ǵ䣬ΪѪҺ֮һȡ»ݸɶ
ϸ룬ƼƷҲλг˽׺Ѫˡ

½ʣѪҺ֮Ѫ
ش𣺡ʮζѡ
չ1000ҵƷҪλĲ㣬˵ɱȡѡҪ˫ӮɲǸ²˰ܿڱ
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ȻŰʹһ·ŰŰģǲٵġϵĹܶ࣬ٶȵġȻûŷչġ˶ŻҵġûһǴƷ
СǧṩĹؼѹ۲̫ݣǵ½޵ļ5000ңɢø࣬ﵽ16300ҡ
½濴ӵ֣ȵؼ˵۳˿Ӱѥ
ʹõƷλϲڶѷɫҲһЩܹʮ5800ҡ
½Щ飬ǧ޵ڵƤëͷѪȣܱŵĶõģеҪԼãеһʱûкüǮԸ֣һȡ2500ҡ
ĶԺϵʲܶǣ29600ҡ
½ɴ࣬Ҳ䡣
Ҫһΰ˽׺ѪԼս
գ۵Ĺʲֻʣ600ˡ
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³еһңǵĶŮĸţΪϼ֮λ࣬Ҿȹĸһǻβ谮ʲѣò˲ȴķ֮壬ʹôרעһٮٮߣǸֻѷɫҵףҵλߵȻҲû顣
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Ǹνδϲգϲң᲻øջԼĺôͰݸսҪɻ֮ǰиСؾȴݸҹĻᣬҪؾаգѪݸʡ
֮Ůķ֮עɫʣܰᣬжûнΪչƷƫƫΪǣļƻ
ǡ˯ţйʱ͵ǵļı׽úδһѣ³çسȥǡǹŮĶ֣Ǻϵڵ֪
ݸ嶯֪´ҹһ˽ˡ

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õſҪȥ޴ǶԹŮģº֣Ҳȷ޷ֿ
Ĳͱˣ

εڵأΪڵĵطƫƧڶ峿ű֡ȻŭݸӵӰ٣ʹݸڶйߣձҲѳʵ졣۲ѣɶ˵ļֵԶԶȲϴǰ
Ϊұ񸶳ۣܶӰڼĴѰջָķʱԹˣԾûҵҩԹص
ȱ˫رѣǰ;۸ףóĬԡֱĳһ죬ָҪΪĿðŮȥ檣ʱʱƣļ֮λȡղ׸¶ĴӦӣΪӺһԱ
빬ѻɳϵǣӾȻ谮ıĺǻսӸжģǲŨûãȴͻȻ䵭乬йǿӲιһŶʹʣ֪Ӳ谮ֻΪ̼ˡӵ˹Ȼ̼ڸӻӦȻҲ۵Ķ
˶Ȼӽ

ûǶα谮ֱν飬дǷŭ޳ܣʹԼ޴
½üͷǸƭ˸
Ʒ

յķ֮죬Ϊ˱ס׼Ҳָˣȴܻص壬ҲӱֻĴεȴⱻ͵硣ԭ硣
ղ֪ȥδʱһλ׷µĵ˴ϴż˵ԼתͶ̥ĵӣչ¡
˴ռãӦΪİȬǹȥ¿ʼ˻˼һˣԭΪ׷ģļ徹ȻҲѾҪֺð˵ɱ⣬ĸҪ򣬽ָӲҡʹ಻ѣ˾ʹУӣԱ˳ĹѵԼʣˡ
һ⣬˸һȣ֪˴ǰͰĽֻǲ˵ڣѡ˰ɵ˺޽һһ⣬׻ٴζˡ
þתĵӻָһ˲֪ԼҴˣղԸţʣȴչˮԶԶ͵硣
һУڷججʱһʿȥչˣһλ㿪ĵӣҲΪˣ𽥽ʿ󰮡
ٺʿˡ
˳ָ˼䣬ѾˣһֻʿѹեǱʵһڱúǿ漴ȥʿɣ¾ڶӣҪɵͳϾΪʿ˲֪࣬Ϊ˺ŮԵС
ɹɱҲ֮һطꡣ
ʱĵѾղֿǰҲѰܾãֻпʿԵ˺ںƴɱʱûһ顣˲ģȻѿʿ˳ԭʿûһʼͷǸǱ޵ʣΪԼͨհĲ߻ǰֻΪΪļ˱𡣿ļ˵ɲ֮˺һ겻ѡʿڸյദǰģɰȲִ
ոоһжܿЦһƴʿȻѵõıﶪ¾Զȥ
һֱҪģȴѧĶݷ˦Ӵ˲ֵСؾҲû뿪
յһǱƭѡƭٱѡкܶҲԽǰԽ˺ֱң

ղǸʮС֪ԼԺôңôܲԹޣ浥ָḻûؾۣɣŮȫһġıˣȥһĪչ
Ӱģʱúѹֺ֣޲صľЩеҪߣй֮ηҽӽʶ½档
룬ڵǸ˶⣬˸Ӷ˺һ½ӲᡣҲ½Ըٸһ㽨顣
տ½档
ڹ΢΢עˡ
һľ˵С˵ûʲô𣬿ҪЩŮգڻǸСءִǸɣȻҪôҵˣҲͬ顣
½潻ѣ½桭ôأ
½ԥءѸٵСļ磬˵Ҳ½ĳ˰ɡ
û뵽ĹԺжϧЩ԰֮˲ǳҲ֪ڵѣʹʹҲ԰οתע
ЩȣȻˡ
һְο˵ķȻõ˵ķǳ
֮Ȳҡ
½ˣֻոҡ
лҪ˵գôУұţһУҡ
½棺Ȼǣȸȣ


12 
Ůľ鼴ʹܽҲܳľܽͺܶˡ
ⲻ֣ŰŮһ㶼鰮رŰÿ۸䶼һβһܹȻЩŰͲͬˣʲôطʲôǲ
һŮһܶ࣬Ҳ
ȻŰ½濪־ͱţ͵ıһݼ£ʲһֱѹ󣬺òõָıʣĹΪ˰סָˣ·ֱгɱȥʼġ
˵ĹУһһʦĸʦʦܻôʦͻΪʺöʦİ/ͽ/ݵȶʡǣЩİĹЩϲŮϲ㻵£ЩﰮǰεȴǶʦʣƫ̻ĻǶȻͻᷢݺʦΪǶҪô͵͵ҪôΪʱҵ·͵ܵԺ󣬿Щϲ̱ȥҪ׷ɱһΣֱ޿̣ǿɱΪǵӶһء
ðʦˣȥˣʶһ־ȤͶѣһȥʱҵԾѰ˵Ѳѱã͵Ϯˣȥѱѵİ˹Ȼζˡ
ټȥˣƵϸڲͬ·Σһ·ȸٱҲһֱõˣЩõʱǲ뷽跨һҪˣܷɱҪأҪһһطжԹ׷ˣȴһһۡ
м丽ĳСţСɶš
һεСź˺ڹ׷ɱ˺Сܲض滹˽꣬ԩűϴˢڶСɵĳȥ꽻ȥ꽻һ񣬻ʱСɾͱˣò׸࣬Ϊ꽻ˣֵ֪꽻ύǹģĿа
ٴαѣ½ϰˣ΢ʰͼȥˡ
ٺʵھ뵡ˣһѧԺϲϲӾܾˣֱϲӵ˴ѹͽܵĵʦй˼ɶϰߵضʵͻƵ쾳硣Ȼ쾳ʱ뱻סԴڼ䱻ӾΣٱΣԴ
ȥˡ
ʱõеſ

յɴһ˫Ŀ
½Ȼô£Ϊҵ޲ˡ
Сﲻ⣬½ӳŴˣΪʲôǲΣڿ˵ŮӺ׳ǣΪʲôÿͻĴѵ˵ļ仰½ӱֳƷʸôܱأ
Ȼһ½棬ֻϰΪĳĬ
½Ӿİ˶ܳңһãȻƱ۰ɣЩ˵̲סΪƽ

ԭУ½ûеõſ֮ȻظԼˡÿ˵õʲô֮󶼻ʧȥ࣬ÿαԩûܶҪˣܶζΪһʼǸжģľˣΪЩ˵ŰȴƷԸҪΪԺ󣬻ҪΪǷܳױ˭ԩЩ˺׽أ
ĳиȫˣǴĵƷǡҰԲʲôţƭҲšȻںԸжɾ½ҲĸԸҪȢΪˡȻ»ĵ죬ɱѪϴϲá
½֪ԭδģΪƭһиɻ飬˱׵ӡ
δʵԶʤʱ½棬Ѹ½棬ǹΪ½浲±ɱУǰ˵ԼԲˣ˲ҪٳͻǹδŹ½һ½ָҲûȥҹδ򱨳
Ӵ½Ҳҽκ˵ĸ飬ѾȷԼиȫȫˣҲûκγɼҵ˼õͺܺá
ȥСӣаĽ˶䵭ܾʶ˻ĳȻǸģ׷ɱԡѪսСǱˣҲԲѣƯԶȥ
ĺ½һظһ߳Ϊǿߣ뿪磬ʼȻһ
ʾûиߵȼĿռ䣬½뿪ããѰȥ·Ѱҵ;С

ˣԹ߿Ŷöġ
½׼ˣܿع
յĽǺܱڲ֪ʱ֪ܰˣȫԻرܵЩģеĴҲٿѰٳ·ʲôɾģ
գںϢһ÷졪Լ͹ˣ½ӾȻܸң
ٴο½棬½һƽ
գ
½Ӳҳ˼ǿʵ壬ƭӰˣο໹ҪԹ԰
һȲҵЧȲ԰׵İοúܶ࣬һĹҲҵ½棬ԼδġҾ硱̫Ӱˡ
½оյһƬƣ΢̾˵ĹȻԵͬʱУҪշ֣ٽ˿ƭ¶дϣҲ֪ȥܲסеĴڣٱãֻͬ磬ʹеģҲ֪Ҫôˡ
˼½湧ѯʣͬҪ磬ʲô취
ſķġƼƷǿƷ֮
㹻ķңδز㡣

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֪ʲôʱ϶һȺ顣
򿪣հ׵ϷʾһƾͽС콻Ⱥ
ֻ콻Ⱥ㿪ȴʲôҲûУҲһ̣˶ͻȻõϢǿԼȺģȺ100ҡ
½濴Լʣ200ңսʣʮĬӣ˵ǾͷʣȺʷѰɡ
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һ˲½յĻϢͬʱ콻ȺС
[ǧ-½Ѽ콻Ⱥ]
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[2-½ĳ]
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[2-]
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ܲԴӽУͷ½ࡣ½ƣҲϧΪȴԸô֪ܲôأԺٻججգ׬ȡһ½ӣҲҪȫ½ӡˣŲһƬ⡣
ʵ½ҲеˣȻƭҲȱаٰ谮ŶԷġûгһǵһǣҪôǶԷԳݳ֣ҪôΪʧ䣬ûбкȥһлûûȺأ½洿ĺǰѾθͲױƭˡ
οһ˼Ҫ׬ǮǮĻ˼̸

Ů뿪ﻹһʱ䣬ųƺҲ׽ˣŸԻصԼ硣
եǮе㵭ˬ
Ͷſǰ벻ô˵ģ벻ԲͬŮôͶԵȻͶԵˣȻ˳ˮ£úǹˡοܶǶ׬Ǯ͸ˡ
ȺܣõģȻֱΪϵͳƽ̨ȱͦ󣬵ΪܾǸܷĹˡ
ϵͳĸǹͨ磬ſΪý飬һĹܶϵͳ˵ûʲôģʲôͬλ滥Ⱥ̳ƷȺȨûеġЩ⹦ܣҪķѴͨڿ٣ûҪԺæˣҲѡԵؿͨÿ˳Ǯ
ȺڵĹܾ֣һǼΨһĴȺ[Ⱥ]ֻҪ100ҾܽһǵԵĻӺѣϵͳ˵鷳˫50ңһλҪ1ң°ԱˣСȺȺҲȺ1ҽһȺûȨޣǰʮ˲ңʮÿ1000ң˭С
簵һԼեǮı£ȻʲôüëƵĴ
һ̣ȫû֮ķȺϡ
ȥһûӲȥԪôң
군ˣ
ΪӴ̫Ȥ羹ȻԼshiݶĿԼԪɫէէףʮֱ
ϵͳϽ˵˵ҽˣ
ϵͳʲôģȴӷڡ
Ϊϵͳ˵
[ˡ]
磺
лҪ˵磺찡ΪʲôҪ


13 ʵı仯׽棩
Ӳ⿴ɫȻѾס
šŰѣĵ߳ȥ
ͲԪһֱ˯ࡢǿȥеãԼ˯ˣ֪ʵڲһҹġ
ֻҪڼװԼǸ𴲣ξ׷
Լú׵ˣȻųͶԪ˫ۡ
ײ˸š
Ǹ˯ѵԵʣԪû۾˫û˾Ƭ赲͸һ޻ʵı䡪ԵϢˡ
絹ûֻ̫࣬ǱеţһСľưˣҸճ˵æǣҵ˼ҸǲҶ̫󣬳ˣ
Ԫͷ۾ϣס˫ۣ䵭ĸоʱɢ˺ܶ࣬ͷ˵ûУҲѡ
û֣ɰͰ͵̽ʱ㶼˯ˣǰ̫˰ɣڻ磬ô˯
ԪšһС˯ˣѾ˯ˡ
Ȼû֣̫ˡûٶ˵æߵŪҵĴ죬ԪֲԾȻ󱳶˵ˣȥɣϴ
ԪӦţ̨ȥ
ﴫϸ΢ˮ
е죬ıӣ
̫ˡ

ѵͿʼˣýĿѧûʼԪԼȥʳóСȻһѾѵ
˵СʱܺͲܻԵķŻǽŵģӦǻû𴲣ţôŹǷӷ߳һӵӣͷ˵˰ӳȥֱʱأϳɶ
ЦЦ˵òãԼȥʳþСͦ˽һֱôģתͷԪڻ磬Ȼȥ䣿˵ֱһȥʳá
Ԫûһ䣺˳ҩ
磺
¶ûȥأаɣѵĹذúúš
ţҲȤҪҲһȥɣͰŪװˣֱ֪ʲôءûԣ˳ﱼǵӣ
粻ɺЦҲôż
ҲһֶӰɣţ˶ЬСƵĳˡ
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һһЦСϽߡ
Ԫ죬Ѿվ⡣
ţô죬ſһۣ붮ˡ԰øϽߣɱײ

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ʵڳóڣߵĶעĿ˵ҲࡣҪ۽ʻţǿ¸ݵĹѾСﹴֵ
񽥽顣
ϱǸԼƨ²ףⱲӴҪúţ˵ʵڻĿǰЩͬ˸һʵԪ⣬ȫСܶʱǱų̬ģͦˣļȥ
Ԫһۣջߡ

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ȻСܣĸķ羰˿ܴѧĻ
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ԪһۣҲţĽŲ
߽СֺüŲԷ
ҶƮŵһǡ
Ԫͷôˣ
ع񣺡ûʲô
ڲԾǳ򣬿ֵǣ͸ղһ񣬺ûˡѵˣܵġеƽϣڲϸ˼ʱֻȰ¼¡
֪䣬Ѿ쵽СֱĵطˡΪ˱Ӱ쵽ʱͣ½Ų
ȻѾˡ
Ϊ˽ܸԶطĽСֻܾػƣһСģ׻˾

үǿûɫǲٳ׵ǽѧ¥Ǹ̵ģ̵ΪɶʲôҰ̵ĶԴˣ򻻸򡭡
ڵƬСֲԼʥأѧ¥̫ˣ˵飬ǰҲС¹ģϧһֵͲչԧ˭Լʥذһû鵽ⲻ𣿵Ȳ鵽˱ܴүǹȥһΡ
ģȵҵһֻǶûשߺܸߵǸɺˣ˫˼ԡССȵԢAʦȲᣬ˵ỷǾȫУ⣬ûܱȵġ
СһֺǺǵظ˿죬һ߸߸ߵؾֻǿøһ㡣
ֱҵǺɺϵģˢˢƵ˼Լ˸ҲܶϲҲ;ŪЩƵԽԽ˿Ƶ˿Ժ¶Ŵүûʲôɻ¶ˣ಻¶˾ӷƵֱ˿ҲԽԽࡣ
С˵һֱڵķ˿ǶѣʲôĶǷؿA󣬷˿͸ףأҲ˵Ҫ˿һȦУ԰˵㻰Ϊʽѵˣпѧϸոֱͷ֪ͨ˵㿪Լ
СѾСʱˣAȽϳĵطŹһȦ׼һ²˳ȥ򷹼ӹ顣
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[ȵӣֻιȥղżеĺ˧]
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[Ҫ˧+1]
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[ǰ˧㵹ǿһ۵Ļ]
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Ǽɫӱǿ˧Դǿۣ֮ͱĵĻסˡ
СܵЦе㽩Ӳ⵽ףǣɶ⣿
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[˧Ҳ˧ˣ˼ұȾڵ롣]
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бϵ籡Ŀէһͦеģɳã͸߳ƵġԱߵԪ۾ûʲô飬ƤףһĽУվһʱ򣬾Ȼе䡣
ţվǰ棬˧û˧ˣһЦڴӸ첲ֵģҲĴ˧硣
СܿԼүԵȣҵԸԸ뾵𼱡
ϽܹȥﻹأԼôҲֵˣ±ѹѹͦĹ

Ϊһ۵Сܻ뾵£ԪûʲôȤţֱУһ˵ֱӶֺ࣬ǺǵؾСֻܵкȥˡ
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һͨᣬ˵ЦصֱкԪ磬ְţһ§߸˵ظ
Ԫһ𣬺Цǰ֡
ͻȻ䣬һ˿⴫
΢΢ļ£ͷһۡСƮһźճ壬﷢
ȻǴ
ۣźʲôԲͨĺɫô򵥡


14 
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Ԫû׷ʣֻ˵ȥСˡ
ЦЦϡ
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[ʱȷ巢չܶ࣬ҪֱӲУӰ챾ȻûбҪġԵȶǡ]
ĬȻƽ
Ȼֻ˼ĿˣķչȷȷʵӦٵһȡڲҰǾͿˡ
۳˼ʱһһǰһСԪһӦԪѹһΣٷ͸ɴ಻ˣֱӰʳ緹ˡ
纹գ˼
Ԫ⣺û˯ã粹
һ⻰糿ΣЦһ˵öԣȥҾ˯
ԪͷһСԣȡ
磺Ŷ
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緹Ԫȥ˳ҩһȥ˾ѵȥμûʲôĿѧ
Ȼ緹ᡢģزһô޲عȥˡ

½ĹգȻһģ̤ʵˣΧҲϤľɫܿǡˣ½أȻԼĶͷ½һˣȻҲ硣
ȻӦˣջЩȻʧϸڸתһȦȷʵûˣһƫƧĵطغãٻԼſ塣
ٵط콻Ⱥġ2-½ĳ󣬲˿
ҺãΣһжģ
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콻ȺҳϣѸٳͬһ֡
[2-½磬㵽]
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¶һĨЦݡ
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[2-½ĳҵĽǣȲе£ֱӸ״]
[2-½˼ǣҸ߸ݸ˽飿]
[2-½ĳǵģ㸸ҪȻһźʵĹʵӺõ˵֤ݣҸʵĻ㸸е¡]
½һϯյԥȫʧˡ
ûŮˣƾʲôҪС͸Լ֣״ԺȻġԸ׶ĳ谮Ǳʲ϶˽û˸е£ڿտڰ߸ף׽ȥУΪ֢ô죿򵽹ٻûеĶͳͳ׵ǰһڣ벻Ŷѡ
ͷ˳ˣոϽظ½档
[2-л½磬ȥҸ׸״Ҫעⰲȫǧ˷ſ]
[2-½ĳáȥɣ㱾˼ɣ¶ڡ]
[2-ȥˣ½ٻᣡ]
[2-½ĳٻᡣ]

ǧ磬һ˸󷨡ơƾɽ
½淭Լյ¼΢΢³һ¶һĨЦ⡣Ȼջ壬óԼȡĹϥ
ŹԺĸطεģȥأһѪ
½ۡ
ʵʵ
ЩԩˡԩȫסˣһҲŹ
ûжֵҲǰ֣ӴԺǶΪ

Ħŵıӣüسլ
լǼססլģլһС԰˵ЦվǲԸլȥϢܵƫƧĵط˭֪ƫƫôɺϣǡץ˸顣
մǶģͻȻ˯Ҳãݸպҹ͵ҲգйءֻϧǸùƭȴܵ˺֮ŮȴǡŰġŮ
ܿլǰ뵽Ҫ˵Ļеŵģǰιһ˫ۣ˿ŶƵģ侲ˡ
ʲôǸ׸״ǰһȻһн׾ͺá

ǰۿ΢Ůһӣŭɶ˵㣿ҽ̳ĺöӣҶҪҪ˵
Ů״Ļδɷ˼ҹĻᣬһͬƣҪؾкȢ檣ֻһѪ۰ŮԭΪϸѡ˸ɷ򣬽ȼȶִĻɫڼȻǺڲѡ
ؿھҵţĲΪĴ׾ô⣬ණЩ͡
տɲԸ⸸ˣæȥŸο˵ױˣ֪֪治֪ģοСʱǸõģܱ׿ۡˣҵĽãʲôϵȻණ˲ҪǣŮԺҲõ𣿡
ٲûʲôҪģЩӣ۷׵ĻĶƷõˣϸϸһƷЩʲôɫţԼҲõˣޱߣܻܾãֿǷ½ܶ࣬Ҳؼżˡ
ο
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һͨǺ졣
һţһ߰Ů飬˼ǰʱջЩɬĪ˵ɬˣֻ˵һණ֮⣬޶ݡ
ȻŮȻҪˣͲΪ֮ġ
οյСۣȰ˵ģΪһΪҪغôȫ˽
Ѳµ˻رˣ߿˿˵Ů͸ˡ
׻߸˵ػţٺòҪ׬ȡңҲȡĵرø׸һ𳤳þõػȥǹʵۣҲһָͷ


15 ׹
ҼλӣȻǸºֶεˣذݸָҡͨȻˡѪĴ㣬ȻҲ׼ֻһѲ飬֤ȷ䣬ɡ
òͬԼ⳥ʱȡʵ̫࣬Ǵе֪˽ݸ˵£ۿۡκݸ͸ֻ˵ݸӰֱӱУҲںҵвһûٸһֺô
ʱҡҲ˺ҲǸҼ˵ˣֻպ˽Ҳٲġ
ľٶ̫أʹʳڣӢţҵĵλȴ½ܶ࣬˼ĴҲǰ϶ļ̳ˡͬʱѡ˼ʱѷɫȴΣΪλȫ£ˣ׳Դ֪󣬱ضᱻƣλʧͷöֵܵҲޱȡ
˵ֻʱ鲻֣ʵ׳󣬱ȻŹҪ

صҺ˵㻰⳥ȫѽյ˽ݸýĶС˾ͱѹãλǰ棬ڶϵ棬׷ϵˡ
İԵʮֲȻݸҲֻͷԣûҶ˵ʲô
ݸĸų޼ٴιѺʡʱЦԾնĺãȴҪδûĸʤ̫Եʡư¶ףԼѾûָ
ңһ޺׽á˵ŮӣôʹȢҲȥˣȻƤͶȥ檣ұȻ޿ûңֺʧȥһźסʧԴҲҪ˼̤ǵûл·ˣȻûл·ҲԸٹӲдȥ
һгɿգձݸԼֵõеſû˼ƽϵ˼ȻҪݸʬȥᣬŲᣬԼ߸˵ȥ˽ˡ
ʱһ߶ԵӣһŬȥĺöһ˫ǲá
ֻǡ
ٻԼ壬Ⱥеϧ
[2-½ĳգȱչˣԡ]
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Aѵ£иôţƵݣԼʱǸͨͨĴѧҪʲôҲøŸʲô
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ͬʱԪĹϵҲԽǢƽʱӰģAһעĿķ羰ߡѵû꣬AͶ֪ϵرáʺͻˡһʱ䣬ǼֱУ԰ˣΧۡ
Ժܶ˵ֻǸտѧʾλ˧ܲΪAķÿԺȡõĳɼˡ

׹ع
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ӵһǣиԼĪʮϥˮһֱûĲֻͷ­⡣
ξ׳˿̻Ƥ̺죬͹ʲôµܶ˫ĿգԭӢҵʹŤԵЩ
һ߽վڳرߣؿȥ
ˣȻۣ۵һĨ⡣ʱǿҪЩ¡
Ԫعκ衣

л֮ԪعȻҪѵѪ磬ȴͨˣʮȰſָʾϡһҪԼܷĸϡΪ﷢ģҪκ縹ģ˵ͻ̫С̸еĴڣɺѪȻһݣ罫
Ѫأȴⶼ֪ԪعȡѪһҩ󣬾κԼؽݡκԪعֳټǰȻԺ󣬵֪ԪعµõһӵҩȴѵΥԪعҪԼ֮ҩɡ
ԪعȻøʮİҩؾԸκһżɣ˭֪κִ֣ϳĬԪعΪӦˣʵʲŸյع˺ȥѣԪع˽ȥ
֮κ۵㣬ȴңʮףҩȷǼкôȻǿ׳Ҳܣǻ˵£Ȼǳܲסġ
ˣԪعŭ˼κһƬΪ֮ģҲǽκ赱Ѱֻᷣһסѵպ󲻿çײκвϢͳŲס˼֮亹ףԼԡ˽ס֮ǿҲκŲסǿԼȴκ裬κ嶯أһȥԳУҪˡ
֮ԪعĶκԸ°ٰϣڵʺϵҩˡκѪԽ׳ҲԪعҲ
ԪعأȻҲΪʹ࣬ȴ潥ָ˽ȳ˵ӸЩκϲԪعҲΪ׽ˡ
ȻԪعκڵعѪԼһЩѪǰʹԸۺ󡢿Ѫ塭

գԪع̽κ裬ЦʣĪкңǡ
κȴӳһԾ¶Ȼ޷ˣиº
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뵽һЦ㲻ض룬Ȼ޷ҩڵعһസӣʵǿȥԡ˵ֳЩѧѧˣֻǣЩʱлԵɵһŹʱѧȥ
κһ㶣ĵȡûԵΣգԸΪǰ䡭
û˵꣬ԪعЦŰִϣĪҪǣڸȫڣҲһȥֻǽæʱȥá
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˽ãѵµİΣǰȥԼزᱳѵ£ҪǻˣѲˡ

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齵һ࣬ŸʤµŮɫЩ԰ף̬ҲЩ񻹺ãʲô֮ɫǿ
עĿǳӣԼͣһϮгŲ̫Ҳ̫ۣȴʺеøΪ׺ͣԽ͡ΪԪع
ʵģһĿѾȵĲָ˽Ǳͨ˶ӽλָഺ۷״̬
ǰӺݵԪع϶ο֮ܵҲҴ֮򽻵ȥ裬ޱضȫ֧֣㲮ĸҲˡȫҲȥʲô֮мǣӿңǽȻΪҪ
Ԫعһ񣺡Ԫعףġ˿¬ʺ뿵Ҳǻϲ֮ൣģ΢ůĸģ÷ġ
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ⱾǺ֮£ԪعչֳԼĿǰƾշſʱͰŰɡҪĺѪҩȴǺԥؽȥˣڲѸٺתʱԪعϸϸ˵Լߡط޴ӱ졣
ͱȼԪʢǳأƽʱҲǻ޺ģԪعʱѣѸֶε飬Ҳᷢ˿ϸϸĥһаߣֶ̬ΡѡԪʢɵȾ͸һģһķչһˡ
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¬ʺе֪еºѸٵ侲ȫ֧Ԫعȶ󹬺ͽ̵ÿ˼ܸӿͬʱֶҲʹǲðͷʱ
ƷѼӺԪعҲʮûˣһ޹Ϊۿ֮ţС
ʱ¬ʺ뿵ŵΣԪعϢȴ
ԪعЦЦͻأسһŰɫĻƬǰһ
һŻ򿪡
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Ԫعһӣλ˸һ̤Żȥ
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üۼ䣬һĨǿǣĸ󣬿ˡ
Ҳᰧˡ


16 ԪعȺ
ԪعУ̧ۼȿһŮվǰԶСűԴЩòʮֿȴܳȣŮݽޣһ˫ˮһװ㣬鵥ģ
һʱпһͷޣֻÿɲʱ֪ԷͨȴǸһ壬һϲã㽻̸
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ǶŮѣһ볯߿
ԪعºһЦûӽֻ˵׹Ԫعλˡ
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Ȼ뷨Ԫعȴû⣬Ҳæ˵ԭˣˡл½⡣
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ˮͨˮϵͳۼɵġļᾧ漰ǵ˽Ǵŵʹϵͳľ飬ܽʽ档
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յõϵͳʱΣһʱˣѾ֣ͺȻϵǷϸĦһǰ˵ľ飬ȻϵͳŪЩᾧҪǲᣬʲôϵͳʲôˣϵͳҲȡ
ĿǰһŶû꣬ЩȷʵָܶµУҲôʹϵͳ˸뷨
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罻ʳǣù1080Ԫ꣬ӭȢھ÷¬Ϊޣͬ
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Ůһֵģÿ춼벻ӵ֣ҲСŮŮͨԵĶУֻκܳ飺һǸŮ̸飬ϧϵʲУ߹һºȥˣŬȥѰҶԷתٻѶԷļ䣬ֻܶغһնһʵ͡һСֱܰ
ǸΨһֻѣĶûȤΪĿĲֶΣȻǿľӶ磬ôŮɫҲ÷Χ֮ڣ뻹һ߲ŮǶԣΪֱףܶʱޱȲпᡣ
˶ϵļƤȻһżᾧ
λеսƷ飬ǵһϵͳһȫԼܹߵŽ׾磬ڴϵͳǺһֵġԹ˷ḻĺֵѧϰĵطǺܶġ

ڶȡᾧʱ˼ˣؿαҲûſڸʲôһϢسŵˣᾧϵͳ۳һˮ
ûģ˳㿴Щôһû˵ҲиСʱ˰ɣôྵ
ˮԪعŰŮָ£Ⱥ
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ԲͬĹ˿Qģ΢Υ͸С
ȻԪعߵļϣ˵ȤҪĶͦģǲֵ֪ôˡĿǰߵεĶ٣ͨ˵ķ࣬λӦܸһЩϲ
СŰġŮԴӳιͱեɷҺ󣬺Щ춼ûˡͻȻˣӦҲ׼ġֻʲôƷڴ

Ԫع½桢һ̸󣬱˴˶ǿŽѵͣҲûԳ磬˽⡣
½գԪعڵҪСö࣬Щ½Ȼ֮ݵأǰ£ǲȻ棬лǰλһΣγ찡
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½˼˵Ȼҵȶ˼ݼʱѯһǿУȻпеķӡ
Ԫعһԭ½Ҳд⣿
½ͷȻȺҵȿԽ绥̸ཻʱվˣδزܻݷá½ĳʱֻǡ
ԪعЦֻǣҵзҲ㡣
½ҲЦЦ֮֮˻ͬ֡ƣ˵ҪЩԼ
ԪعڳУΨ½ϸǰһʶֽиƼһһ˵еһЩ
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Ԫع֮ǰҲѾ۹½潨飬ѡ޲´󶨡½ջûȥݼ˼˵ˣĳһ
½շ׷˵롣

һ䣬ˮʧ°ͣȥ簡ȻԣǮС
˭ȥ翴أҪΪѵȥˡ


17 ̨׿ռ
Ԫعڹſ֮, ߽, ˵һЩ۳, һ
˵䣬ѼڴӴ, ƷĿ, ȫ¶
紹ͷȥ
Ϊ˷, ĶǷűģһǸؼǺܶ಻ͬʵϻ, ÿһֻ涼װŲͬġǰĺҩģһǴССͬƿƿ޹ޣһǴ׹ҩ, һ̫ҽԺҹϹƳҩ
ϵͳܿ˼
ֱӿڣƷѧ25Ʒѧ33Ʒѧ14, ׶ѧ5ϼ19400ҡ
ƷҩģƷ12, ÿ50ңƷ9, ÿ120ңƷ5꣬ÿ200ң3꣬ÿ350ҡϼ3730ҡ
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ҩ12ְ΢Ʒҩ, 10ÿƿ, 40ƿ, 400ң42ֲƷҩģ1/ƿ100ƿ100ҡϼ500ҡ
Щҩҩľƣ粢ûһһ֮ԪعſϾֺּܶذѲͬƷѧҩĶгȡ˾۵ҩҩÿһ־ʲôλҲϸ±ע
ԪعشƷһ24530ңмֵߵǸؼľǸƺõҩˡ
֮Уǰա½Ľ̸У֪˭磬ʲôõ׵ҩ1ÿ൱ЩƷҩĵҩλȻҲࡣҪȡңǿѻʵǲףֻ̫ҽɡû취ȡˣ򲢲ʺƷҩ൱˸٣õҩļʹƷģҲѰ٣ʱʧܵļҲܸߣɴ˷ѡ
ƷҩġÿȻҲмֵĿǰЩǴ׹еĿˣڹͨǰǾǵıҩܽԺǵЧͲ̫Щ׸ˡȡһʷҡ
Ԫع̾0磬׻̫ƶˣʹǴ׹شҩҩƷõҩжҲ㲻ʲô
Ҳգȷչɡ
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һЦԡ
ͬһ룬Ԫعʲ۳21790ңűĶȫʧǰźüһưĺѪ
ԪعûпԼٴαٵСպǡȻӵſʾſ϶ˡ飬㿪һ˲һ㱻ʾ12ʱ/24СʱҲʾףҪˢʾľʣµʱ䡣
һмԪعмȡ
ƺÿνжᷢµĶԺ϶иࡣеĿտһ˿²⣬Ҳλ߸ϵֻ֮Ǹոտʼɿˣ½桢ռڵģڵǵȼ͵ģץסᣬվȽŸȵĿ˸࣬ŵʱ»ûκξ
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Ԫعջ˼һʱ̵Ҳ벻ָ㡣
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ԪعҲܺ棬ԸӦһ̨̽סһ˲ֻˡһ죬Լһʯ
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Ԫعߵһǰ档
Ϸһ͸֮ţ˲װȥ˵Ĳһ鵲壬дš׻֡ǺܶСӣÿСﶼһƷ
ԪعĿһϣ۾
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ٹȵС磬Сǧ磬Աʮ첻۸3ÿš5š
ԪعתƣٿһЩ塣
ΪʲôأΪдšι֮
ι֮ĳүιֵ֮1000ҡ
Ԫع
ǵʱ500ң۳۸Ȼһ
һʱ䣬ʮָӡ

Ԫع̨׿ռֱ½յ
Ȼ׼ģȻûдǴ˴ʺϵ;ʹõݡҩչ۴ﵽ8000ҡ
ҲκʺʿĵҩһλѡĵҩȫǱٹȵƵͨҩбٹȵǳͨʿԻ󣬿ҴСȴõģҸ⳥УϰٿšģȻܼߣպǮˡ
½Ķ͸ˣλȥչؽǰھδһСżСżһλʦʺߵһλʦղƷƷʺܲúͻᱻ׷ɱģ֮жѹδߣҲһʡѹΣȻ
Сż⣬ʦĴСֲͬĵͼ֡һм֣Һҩȡ
ЩҲǰ½ʵģѾùѪЩòˡ
ܣЩܻȡ35800ҡ
Ȥģ½óһ
ﻷ
ӵдõֻǧһ֣ŲͬĵȼÿһȼɵĿռСͬ
Ҳʲô׵õĶ½ȴó˰˼


18 Ĩծ
ﻷ漰ռ䷨, ھСǧ綼ܴ, ҲвСǧķ, Ȼʹڰռ䷨Ʒ, ͱ½ڵ磬ٱڵ硣
ֻڵֻΧ, ĿǰûʸӴ, ½ڵǸ, ﻷһݵͨϵ߻ѴǮſܵõ
˭½أٱҲοǸ֪Լ˵
˵״ﻷ500ңֻһ״ﻷ1500, ֻϼ6000ҡ
ͨ£Ʒʵֵ಻ᳬ1000, һƷ಻ᳬ2000۸׬ͷ󡣵ϾǵһγִƷ, еƷһҪ, ҲͷſһЩ
½ۺ⣬ϾԼ޹綥ģ֮Ҳ2000Ҷѡһ״ﻷȻѵ, 𶥼⹦вġ
лȻǴӦġ
ȻӦ, ͸ý㡣
Ȼһ㡭
ٿط, ԼʣµķҲˣ
ʱ, Ȼһ⣺ͻѵķҲǳչ, ռ䣬ҲǸƷѣȥķԶǸֵˡڣִ淨ֻʣһ࣬ȴҪ࣬ҪϵͳǮҰ״ԺҲԽǷԽ࣬Ҳ˵һϢ⣬˵ϵͳԼҲİɡϵͳˣпƷʲô򣿵ȸĽ𣿲ô죿ķҲô죿ֻһܹͨˣʵĽײһµġ
뵽óһļˮǰҪԷϵͳķʽ׵ʽȣûע۸⣬ϸһŷ֣һչʱ򣬳ɱǲҪԼģȡǸϵͳ˵һϵͳһһ롣
ŶۺͷչģʽжϣƷʵֵϵͳжϣмĲƽ֡ôչƷԽ࣬ѡԽ࣬罻Խ죬׬ҲԽ࣬и෨׳Լ͸ϵͳܴٽԣԷչ
ۡ
[ϵͳô£]
ϵͳɵģǣֻĨ֮ǰľӪ¿ʼȺֱ֮ˡַʽıײѵϣûС
ϵͳƺ˶٣Ȼش
[ϵͳľ]
ͻȻõԤС
[ϵͳʲô˼]
ϵͳֶ˶١
[Լѡ]
֪ΪʲôϵͳĿһ˿Ըĵζţ뵽˽Ӵʱ¡
ʱյõϵͳѾҪˣеķΪ0ӴĵһλǺ
ҪΣԼû취ģϵͳԾȻҪ10ΪɱҪҪǮʱһǮɱĬչƷĳɱҲԼˣʵϣϵͳʱֻ˳Ļ˵ʾʵʵھҪֵôѡ
أھҪ׷Ժ󣬾ֱϵͳ210
ҺϱӲˣȻò۵ˣֱӻƲ
[أ]
ϵͳؽ˽˵
[ĿǰƷʵӵУʹκһƷҪκλѡȡɱչʽչк󽫳Ϊ״̬ʵӵУʹʱȨչ۽й]
[Ƿıʽ]
һ
[ǵģıʽ]
[õʽѸģƷᡣ]
[Ĩ200Ƿծϵͳ]
[۳ѷƷɱԪع2κѪɱ2000ңԪعؼɱ6000ң½湺Ѫɱ1000ң½湺ɱ1ҡ]
[Ԫعĳɱ37930ңԷĳɱ200ңյĳɱ9015ң½ĳɱ29600ҡ]
[ʣ̶69205ҡ]
[ƽÿ50ңԺס]
Լϵ֣ظпرʾ
[ϵͳԺʲô·ĵطԸҵ㽨顣һһ룬ǹϵò̫ġ]
ϵͳƽ˵
[õģлΡ]

ȻϵͳĶ٣ʵҲͼʱѡ
¿½棬ְƷˣǣ
½û쳣󣬳Ͽѯʣ֪ҵܷǰ磿
˸ӣû̻ش
Ĭ
½ûеõ𸴣ֻٿȻüžǳܲûκѹϣȴ
ѵ˵дⴥŭ֮ɣ
һ̣֮ɤƬž
Ƕȥһߣ
ǡ½һȻȻ
Ī⣬֪ǡ˼Ҳ֡

̨׿ռ
Ԫعһ񿴹ȥ뵽ڸ½桢̸ʱǿе֪һЩĶȻȫ棬׵Ļȴܶϡ
һ죬һлع졣
֮棬㹻ˡ
˿̣Ԫعվһǰ˽׻񣬶٣ȴȻѪ⣬ȫǳ԰˽ǿߺӡ
ȻѾѪˣϻʱ̲סһصĸо˽׵Գ˰ɣк󣬻ҪѪ⡣
λ֮Ƕôɲǿߣ
û̾ſͻȻʾ
ˡ
Ԫعһһ
ȻкܶСӶƷһֿȥݡвĵҩ档
ЩƷž⣬עȴһֻصֻû̫ƽĶֻǡ
Ϣݶ
Ԫعͫ΢ںռĴﻷ
񲻾ڡ˵ֽӣϸ£ûд˵ô棬ֻһռѣ߽ңɼΪ˴˴ιʱͲðЩˣպõ֮ҲҪҸʲôҲ׵طźá
ÿһֻλ1000ҡ
Ԫعлʣ5000ָֻ࣬λ˺κ裬ǿڶ΢µֻÿһֻ2000ңռԼʮ߼
վ˺һԪعվס˹ֻ״ﻷѡһֻһ׵ġ
ҵףȲ


19 ֮
ſʾ, Ԫعȡſ, ʢһ״ﻷСϡ
˫Խʱ, ӷһ׹, һԵ˲2000ﻷҲӸƮɿժȡ
Ԫع÷, Ѵﻷϡ
ɲǼ, ܸоҲſһ, Լ곹װˣֻҪԸ⣬˭Ҳժ
ȻԪعѡ׶, Ե£һǱȽ϶ׯɫ, ̵Ҷһ㣬һǷۺ͸, Ƴʺ¬ʺͿǴԺ, Ǹǿ߶˺ˣһϸѡġ涾һʱ, ȹཻ, ٴ, һ, 趯гɱص˵Ĺ, ԲĸŮ˶ʺϲ
˾ܼ1000ңɺԥˡ100ŹԵķÿ5ңѾǿˣͷָǣڸԵʵû֮ǰΪǵĻֶΡٹȵĿӣʮš
ԽԽ٣ԪعһЩƷȤЩǱҪģǿ־סԼõƷ֮ǰµĺѪؼȫսﻷݳҪ뿪̨׿ռ
һ룬Ԫعվ̨֮¡
ڴһǣѷļڴӡ

ʳǾ仰½湧ػش𣺡ǵģǶ뻥һߡ
һЦȻȥȻǿȥġ
½²⣬ƽҲ侲ʱǲһ˿ƲסϲãҲҲ廰ȴ֮ĺ󻰡
˵ǰͬҪλ֮ţſŻڵ綼Сǧ磬ͬһȥͬһ磬һҪ2000ңԺÿ200ҡ˵üҾٸӣͱǰ硣
磬ڵլ硣
½Ȼ̧ͷ
˵ȥ磬һ2000֮ÿ200շȥ磬һȥҲ2000֮ÿ200һȥ磬ÿ˵һζ2000֮ÿ200ȥһʱãÿضҪ۳ҡ
пȥҲǷϢĽȥҲжԸͻֻҪͬ磬ͻʹǲŬ׬ȡķҡ
ʵԶǰ磬ᱻѹڸɵļϡЦѣҵĽǣҪƻ硣
ǵģѾ߽һûϵѸıû⣬Ǹ»ǻҲԾȻѰݡͲңΪҪľ仯ȡͬķϢǱ仯ǻ𣬾ͬƻһô仯ĶͱɡˡˡͬҪָǵгɡ
½һݣͬʱЩ
ԼĲ԰ȫģԼǲɿأµġ
Ūһк½ǵκѪû꣬ʱҪµģҲû󣬱ֻһδԽСǧȨޡ
ʱԪعǡǫ̂׿ռ쿴ȥûѯʣͺ½һ뿪˹֮Ѿֱ࣬ȥ½ִˡ
500
СǧŻȷҪķҵģĵĿϳſĿһ£Ҳ1000ңҲֻеһҪѡ۷ȥһе׬ˣÿޱǡˡеɡ
½뿪󣬿ǸʲôٴνϻûظԪعһϽ̨׿ռһѡˡԪ1ǶƷģֵ1500ҡõģӵеķҵƷΧѡõˡ
ԼļҴֻףһ򵽶׻ϵĹȻãԱԺƵϧĹֻһײмŶ⹦˶ԺȫսˡȻܺľǺ嶥⹦ڿˣһʼУǲȥģֻ࿴սվ顣
ԪƽͣԸϣԺʱҲ̫ʹࡣ
ڴڶ׵ֻмѣзĸҽһСӣûѡԼѡģҲȡŸ׵ľ֤ݡ
⣬ҲһܴԽСȨޡ

Ԫع½˻ϡ
˵½桢նˡšȨޣԪعһ˿ĽʣµķһһεģǸڲȥʱʱҲ׬ȡʷҵķǰһЩǮԱʱ֮衣
½ǸĵˣԪع˼ԼԺļƻ˵ſ֮Իתˣ½ĳЩбƷ¾ѣвʱ½ĳǿһ
⻰٣½ȷʵԪعǸԽύˣܶһСＸƽϻѣԼȱҵǰ£ȻҲһԪع
Ԫعû뵽½˵м˵л½֣½պĳԳ֮Ҳƴǡ
һû廰ȴӯӯЦ⡣
½ˣȻǱ˹ȴʼ֮ĵġ

У翴ദڣȻһͷ
Ϊ֮߸ϣˬǺˬģȥ磬ҪʧȥܶȤˡô硭
[ϵͳһ߻]
[õģ]
ţϵϱųһ⣬ƺ˫صӰȻվ
ǣ뿪ʱϻһͬâ֣ò̬ͶһģһĻˡ
µؿŻɷнµ񣺡ݼ֮
ϵĻûзӦ
֪ŻĴڣʶв
ǻˣӭ㣬Ŀ硣
ҵѪ
ǸѪֵǮ
ϵͳأ
ǸϵͳƷ
װģʴ𼸾䣬̲סЦ
Զ̲ٿصһԼԻҲԴ̫ɵˡ
һ룬ʧˡ
ͬʱһͦεеĴſڡ

֮ۻҪ1ңӵвѷǰκһѾͨȨޡҲ۳һšſӵĶǲûһöҵġ

Ԫعļ飬Ȼ䣬ſ³ֵꡣ
Ǹ곤ǿ㣬ȻǶòȡ֮һۿȥҲƳԷǸ֮ˡֻƷòȻܺãȴ֣Ҳ֪ĸ磬ڲͬ
˽磬Ǻ¡
˶һۣӭˡ
곯һЦ̧˹ɤ΢ȴԵú赭
λС㣬ڹŴĿҽ磬һִ硣μ棬Ժָ̡
λС硱ƺǵһˣڳǴкٻſ壬Ⱥ
ǣȺȺԱб
[2-½ĳ]
[2-]
[׹-ĳ]
[-]


20 ͻڲ
Ԫعܺ, ƺܺô򽻵, Ȼû̶ʮ, Ҳ̸
ӷ˵Ŵִ, ƺк塣
ЦŴִʱλֵģ½ֻװ缸ǰ˵װƣҾóȻôˡײͬһ, ǵδδػᷢչģ˵޵, ½ֺڵĶ2, ȼôߣķչһֵľͲ÷ֱˡ
һͨԪع˶һۡ
Ժ, ûע⣬Ҳʵͬǲһ, ֻӵſ֮˵ԶӦÿ˶, ˳ͨԵֵ, ˵Ƚƣǰλû֣˵ʽǴͬ, ֮ЩơǷ˵, , ͬһ˵ģ
Ԫع½潻һɫ
ʵϼʹû, ˽ҲΪ, ڶ۲һҲð˵ʽһġȻǶн࣬е˾ӦӾصġڼ磬Ǹǵ뷨ܸȺЩҲûʲôá
΢˼Ԫعһ´ǣ˵ðʣڵôķչ
ܺ˵ǸͼĿƼ硣˵ٻԼſЦʵſĹֻܸе񣬵ȻֻɲܴԽ磬ȺģҲƵĶͬһ˿֮һЩܣȲˣֻֻаƴҲͶ䲻Ű֮ġ
ܴԽ綼֪Ԫع˴ĻλеʱٲǶ̣е˽Ҳ١
Ԫع˵ô棿
ЦҲԺ϶ġ˵Ŀǰֻ0ԺߵȼĿƼ磬ҾҪȥúһҵģܵõһЩĿƼƼķչõġ
ԪعҲЦЦֱֵʣҲǺƭ𣿡
ڰ˵ûʲôµġҸɴǶ˵һ㣬ǿлģʱ˵ĻҲ٣ģ˵ʲô˵иտûá
ûдˣͬĲ룬ڳ˴඼ôܻ˵ǲֺøС
˵ȺĿǰĸˣϴҹʱ򣬻ûȺİ顣һУȺͳˡҲ˵Ҫôǻûи飬ҪôӶԸ룬⹦ܿ缰ʱģж˹ͨģҲڶǰɣҲ£ĿǰĿ˶ҲʮɡǷûУſṩϢ˵ˣ02綼Сǧ磬ʵȻвģҲûֲ˵ĳ̶ȣֲ£֪ʲôԭڶľ󲿷ֶСǧĿˡǶԸȺĹͨģҸղԶԶ֮ĽҲͦõģҾţѵͨô磬һܱԺá
˵ǰɣ
һͨĿֻǴڿ˵ڲѣ˳ҲʵݽѡûԼǸռӣ֮ļӶϵͳģ˵ľҲ͸ղࡣʱǸ߸ϵģʱ̬⡣
Щ˸гƷҲͦõģһû˵ˣҪԺʲôᣬҲÿ˵άеȶǣ
綼ѻ˵ôˣ˼ͦеԪعҲûвҴţؽһ
ţҲ˵˵ͬ紮ŵ¡
½ȵü½Ҫȥһˣ
֪أѴŵʣôһ˵յ΢΢Щ̡
ǸѩĹ𿴷Բܶ࣬Լ֪谮Ӽ򵥣ڽύԪعÿ½ʱ룬ҲþɳġұȽϸԣ½Ԫعûᵽ绰ȴ˵ġ
ҲʲôȵķӦǴ󷽷˵Ҹ½ʶģѵܴˣȥ
Ȼбԭ򣬿½˽ˣ˵ġⷽĹͨԴѾ½˺ѣϴǮҲضˡǸ½룬ĥ½֡
㵽ΪֹشȤҲˣղŵĻ⣺Ȼʶе㽻ǳˣҲͦȥתת֪λϲϼһ
ղҪȥҵ𣿡
Цĸ綼ԡֻ룬ȻѾѣҪȥѵҪкģһСĴѵ¿ɾҵĹˡͬҲΪѣҪвĵطɱ𲻺˼˵̹׵ҷ׽
ʶؿ½档
½˼ιȥһǸС׳̹е£ҪʱҲ֤ǰСȥŪԴ˭ŪǵȻȥиˡȷʵ٣˳ӴûģСܻýš
ת½׼ʾǸ⣬ȻԪعȴһˡ
ԪعЦȥҴͰɡͬ0磬ֿҴ׸û֮
籾֪½ռമΪŹ˵ղǷȥģҲԪع硣
ԭܼ򵥣ϵͳ֮ǰ磬ȥĸ綼ᴦڱȸ컨ʵһľ磬ȥ0磬ͨͻݡʹΣˣҲȡķƷʹãñӦսȻоʲôã
ǣǣǾȴ֮ˡ˵䣬ٸ˴кȻҪȥҲҪЩ׼˵˲ٶȥݼҲЩõƷ
£ԪعĿȥãˣۿϿһֻֻ
ﻷһ״ﻷ
ļֵҶ֪ģˣλֵҲʮַ񰡡
ദһСϾﶼ£Ҳɢˡ
ԪعԼͨȺϵԼʱһУȻԪع԰ӵ硣Ԫع·Ҳֱӵִߴ׻ʹ


21 ż
뿪к, Է߳
һż򵥵Ӳľ, ż򵥵Ĵ죬˸ɾûŵˡİҲͨ, ˴ֻһԲӺʹǰ¹ѡԵñȽư, ûô, Եؽ˴ɨ֩ѡӲݶûΡ
ĳⷿ˶Ŀ⣬Ҳûбôڸվѵ, аϢ, ɲִҵĲС, Ҫһ, ڸԽԽԪҪŴˣܴͷεŵװ塣
ջ, ߡ
ͬȾƫ, ûй, Ҳ㡣˵·㲻ʲô, ӺãټѾһʱ, ٶҲ, 㲻ۡ
Ѿ, ûŻѧУ, ǰȴõġͬһϵҩǱȥҩѾм괫, ǰϽϣŲۣӸǺܴʵĶһϴκ̨֢ܶЩҩװĶЧǿĺҩ
֪طҲɺϣԺӵʱۿ⣬֮ǰʰӵʱ·ֿһۣŷǬ
յԵʣټĹģԼʹŸŲãҲܲתһϢñѾЩͷӹǽ˲١

ҩãҲûʲôˣҩǰϴϻ̧ۣεЦ̬ҲܺͰ
ҩ
ҩżȻΪƫƧ֣֪Ҳ࣬ͨҲǳŵģ۸ҲԼ۱ȺܸߡЩԸгҩȥӴҲ١žͺܽСᣬ϶ģǶǰĳȡ
ǱŸģϴĻЦЦҲҩֻǰʱѸҸҴġ˵﹫ϴүҽҲ
ϴȻԭҩҩ
ҩõвҩĵģҩ㹻ҰҩĸѵãЩϲҩùĲҩҪɽȥҩҲ͹һüǮ
Ȼ˿ŲŪҩĵģϴ飬ҲԸ⿴һҩġЦǺ˵ɰ򡣡
ͦϲλϴ򣬰ѱóһֻƽĴľϻطŵϴǰϡ
ϴ˲۾ȥϴ֣Сĵذľϻ򿪡ľϻĶʱֻеͣ۾ֲ˲󣬶˺һžȵɽΣƷ࣬а˰ɣǸܻҩĵģƶ˵ٵ100ˡ
ЦЦҪǴү۰ɡ
ϴľϻֿ᲻Ųۣʱ˵ңⶫѵãѲڣ
˵ʵ۰ɣڡҩúã˵̣ˣءܷļֵ
ϴô˵Ҳˣֱ˵ǰʱиһٶ˵ģҩĳȥһǧ㲻⣬ҲԿˣǸ߼۸ˣҳ򣬺㿴ɲɣ
ûˬشӦ
ϴǮҲˬ죬ܿǮرˣүԺкҩҲֻүͣүüǮ
ЦִӦ

뿪ҩú翴˿ֻü
̫۶۹Ҳϣ΢õĵضζʮˣҪӣǿһһ
Լ˵ǹסˡ
û취ʵʵһɽο˵ãҪǲ˻׸֮ǰһѧ»ǵ͵á
ϴϲɽΣеģûʲôȥɽڲΣɽģǴ׹ԪعƷҩġ
׹Ǹ˷ĹȣҪӹɣҲм꣬Ϊ˻㹻ķңԪعƷҩȫǻʹؿأƷʿ֪ŰϲƷҩǿչ120ңͻôҲҪ300ҵġ
籾ŪЩʲô̫۵ĶȥǮӣԪعͷǳظ⣬ûĿá
˲ΣʱȥһˣլžУͷһؽУڵʵʵ
[ʱ򻹵鷳ϵͳһ£˺Ǯ¡]
[ġ]
ȻϵͳֱӸǮɨβǿġ
Ͼ˽Ҳְ

A󸽽׼ҸСӳԷҪ߽СԽʱͻȻ䣬ϤӰվһ¿С̯ǰġ
ǸղģĺԪ˭
籾߹ȥģʱ֪ôľͣ˽Ų
ȻͿԪɨӵģ̵һͷŵҧ̵ۡ
㶡
һֱԪ˳ۣԪ־̹ʳ˼̻ʵˣÿôÿоɣôһɰ
ȻģӶѵ˽ˡ
ǱԪڳ¿Ǹоڿ̧ͷܾ׼س翴ǸղųԵԼ꣬߻մһƶ档
磺
Ԫӻ֡
ʧЦ̧߹ȥóһͽֽݹȥԼұߵ
Ԫޱ飬һֽ˲
磺ǣ˵ϵĻƶ档
ԪȻֽ˸棬׼زɾԼ
ٴΣ
ȻԼ£еֵֹġ
Ԫӣת̯һ¿͸ԡ
ǰһɡ
õ룬绹˵ʲôأ
ֻܽӹ¿մҧһڣ˵á


22 ڽ
߳Գһ·, Ѿǰʱ, ɫ𽥰ΧҲԽԽ١
˶Եͦģڸɢ, 紵, Щ΢Ҳͦ
ͷ˿ԪĹЩ, ûʲô飬ȴ񿴳, üۼЩģ
Ԫ, ̫һ
Ԫؿϻմ𣿡
ʧЦû, ͦ, 㰮ʳ
Ԫȵͷ, ҡҡͷ
ĵĺ󻰡
Ԫ˵ͺ
Ȼ, ϲ̼ԴĶˡȻԼԺлһȥ
Ԫƺͦ˵ģá
ԽԽͣе䣬Լĸ첲
ȻؾЩԡ
ȻϻȰ䣬ҲͻȻô䡣οͨ, Ѿ, , ͨĽ²Ƥ
ʶسΧȥŷ˿˿Ƶİؼ䶼һɴƵģʡ
͸ųǵƮʱϣŻʹо䡣ڵĻҲܿ췴Ӧ̷ֲܹԣڱȾڲ
ǹ
[ϵͳնˣָٶȹˡ]
[ϵͳ̽ڸ6硭]
ûϵͳ˵꣬ȾȵشĻ
[˵ʲô6磿͵Ĵǧ磿]
ϵͳ
[ǵģ]
[ϵͳ̽ʱֲżвֻ6ɣûиߵȼżʧļ󣬿ȷﵽ6żڲ֮ϣƶǴ˵еͥйأڵλǧȣʵסͥżǵرڲͬռ䣬нľӺۼһռռŨأۼۼȼĽףƶǴ˵еĵظйءжΪ磬Ϊռ佻ɡ]
[ﵽ6壬ʧܣ±ԴܵشʧսӽϾżΪϾѾʧżϣ𽥸ΪǾʵ]
[ѯħǷ֣ϵͳͥظԸ߽׵żжڳ˯еʶƶֵĿԺСԺ緢չӦΪ]
[Ŀǰ˽֪Եʶʱ޷ϵʶܾжϳտʼʱ䡣¹ƣӦڽһǰ]
ͫ΢
һǰǲõϵͳʱ
[йϵͳ]
[ûйϵһ̶ȺŻῪʼգϵͳ֮ǰ]
ϵͳһͨ˵ü˼
û뵽ǾȻͨǣ滹źܶܣȻڴǧ磿Ҳܿǳѣһʧܣ롣Ӵǧ䵽Сǧĵײ㣬緢չķҲ˸Եı仯
Ҳҵ˸һ¿ʼû취ػشǧֻҪɹӦһȼɣӽʧܵ½ڼһֱȻȴóı䣬ʼջԾû˥ܵļôӦûϣȶĹУ岻ܵش
籾ΪԼǺڵȴȶģֱʱȷ缴ʹб仯Ҳ˽ʱˡ
ġƫġ
ϵͳĹֻͨڶʱ䣬ĽŲûͣԱߵԪƺҲûʲôסܿԪߣźۼ£һƹ
ãȻѹɢƵģʵϴ۷ʵĹ࣬ٶ˵һոѧĻ綷Ϳˡûʲôηģûս飬Ҫ˼ԪİΣеΪѡ
粻ûȰԪͻٳո棬ɹڰﵽڣǹǲġ
ǲǰʩǽȻ䣬˱ܵĽŲ
Ҷ޴롣
ŽŲĽӽϢҲԽԽŨ
ڱ׷
ͬʱԪĶ΢ͻأڣڽС
һ㶣˭ȻˣǸѡʱ̬̫жܱΧţϾѵʱ֪ʲô취ѵˣǶʱҹŻᣬڸԽԽ˻ôˡ
һ߱׷һ߽ԪҲ̫ˣⶼֱܷ
û˵ȷʵжŹһӽ
ûˣ
ص׳æ߶һ˷ʮǮ
ʮ򲻹ͶʮүеǮϽ˰æ
ԪЩͬʱ𣺡ȥæ𣿿ͽһ˵˵ľˣϸĿڣȥѪԣҲǿһǮ
΢飬ʱҲر尡ڰоǮо£֮±·ȽϳʶǣԪȻܻҪӦȱǮǶǮ׬ײ׬
Ԫ˵Ǯ׬ײ׬
ľȻ
ŶС˵ˡ
˵˺ü仰ˣǸٵĽŲȻ˸λڰŨĵطȦӣûߡԣ˹ǽ
ǣǮҺ׬ɾڣҪ׵Ĺô죿µҲ̹ףʵһô㷨ҪţԼȥСҰѹǣסˣ͸ϽȥæܣʱҲһݣô
ȻԪ˫΢΢һסƺѾﾪȵļޡ۾˵֪ͽǹҲһ㷨
գգۡ

ǵ۶ҵһСӣͷѾкܳɫ׸׽㣬ֱڸԵ﷢ⷢȣҲܺúƹܼĲҵԼС赽ֶҵûʲôȤﻹвٹɷݿԳԷֺ죬ԶĻһ𣬻˸ʲô١ڻš
ڻųʱܾͺϲҲòġС󶼹˳˳ˮûʲô˸ǣһƱ˰ͽᣬϲôУôˣʱˣȦҲ֪ˡΧߵ˾ͽеøˡ
ǲ̫ϲѧģֳţѧʱҼͥʦһһ̵ǰʱ䲻֪ô˴˸ģúܲңȾܣʣһȺִ˸ģˡòӦӮһҪ˽ϴѧüסܴı
ܻǻ죬ԸķģⲻܵAˣҲסˡڼѺҪסһأүһǰɣû˵仰ͷǶˣһܻԣ֪ĸطҪСܣþѡ
˼죬ֲܷܻǸɣڵúܣ⼸һƷĲУƵġôģɼܲסһܵģ;ðɣֲģպðɣ˾ˡ
ǰܻԾ͵˵ô׼˺ܶҪúдٵģҲûʲôǲǿ档ǽһ˯磬ܻ׼㿪ȴԷʲôģƻʱʹȥ˸˵صر̼ĵطرǸտû죬ʻ
޿޲ɵȥˣǸصĻ
ĵطܴΧĴȫϣû͸һڲ͵ƣÿһյͦģһȻܰѷյúա
˵ȤȻͳһƱŮĶǹŴΣƮƮҲƮƮģ͵裬ӯžͲܴͨﵽġ
ٺÿһҲζˣбۿܻԣܲ⣿
ܻԾͱʾϾǸ߳ˡ
ǿǿֿ˻ҪٴǷʱ߳ˡ
ЩŮһ˸poseͺ󣬻ͷȻһЦ
һ룬ϵƤˡ


23 
ƤһѪⶼû, ѩ׵ĹͷɦŪˣ֫һš΢̧°, ¶ײ, ˵Ĺɭ

ܴûܹĿ, 鲻ԽطҽУһԾҪŶӡƨɲŸ, һæקסˡ
ٱ𼱣ٱ𼱣ǲܻﻹųһȰ˵, ı𼱣ⶼǼٵģܷһĿˣúţ򿪴Ʊֱ, ЩĴˣͷø߿Ƽ͸ġϸǹ඼ͦÿ, ôͷһԺеƯӸƣҪǾ˼ٰѵƹϣٺ٣Ժܴ̼밡, Ҫѵ£ĻҰء
Ļ侲ŷԼһͷ亹, ߻, ˬ˵ô, ֮ǰҲк
ܻƤЦ˵ⲻ˵е˼Ҫ˵ˣôʶˣĻЧСʣ̼ͦɡ
ٿЩڰ͵üʱǱӣȷʵܷҲȷʵе˼³һǻ
ܻ̽ʣѡˣ
竹竣ҽ̻ͦϵģǰųУҪҸеʲôǵôȲɡǰճʹ˽AҲڰУʲô˷绯ʱ֪ҪȡбۿܻԶЦˣһۻ֪ܲĴǸͯӼôһиĳɣСһѣãҲҪԺָ䣬ոҲǲС
ɳһܼཥָ룺أ˵ҲûƴأҪҲй̼һӣȻǺѰɣк¶Ҳһѵġ
ô룬ܿɲԸԤӽͣ˸ӣڿǻɣͷϸ˿϶ҲôĵķݶϣˢҵĿҲһ
ܵĻǸӾһŤһŤ߹Աߡ
ܻЦֺã۹⣬ԽԽáҲ˸ӣܵƣҲԼãǸλ˸˫ݡ
ӼûˣҡŹͷˡ
ܿ͸ܻԵС˼޿޲ɵ˵ȥѴƴ򿪡ͦģǰŮѣǸ˰
ܻվȥǽҴƿأһЦ˵ܰ棬֪ŮǮϹˡ
һ򣬲֪ﴵһɴ磬͵ƶˡǽǶĸִһһش򿪣ӵϡ
⣬ȻǹͷˣȻΪƻûȫǵû̫ͺˣǳ˵ӡ
ܷܻԵ˵Ҳþ˵뷨ѹȥˡƨȻǷúܣҪ֪ôˣ϶Ҫ
ʱ򣬲ܻԻˣҲ΢Զһĵɳϡ
ӵƣһӷֱܵߡ
Ӻеĵƶˣ൱ܻ˼Χر뿴Ǹ߿ƼĻʲôط
һֱûпڵȴͻȻŲܻԵķȥ˵ˡ
ӲŮѣֻ䱻𣿡
һ㶣ӻͦԸģܻأ
ʱһؿļϣɢһֵҲؿڣƵ˵٣㿴ңҺÿ𣿡
ˣתͷȥǰӶȥոտʱҲûϸƵ׳ʲô
ߣƺȸղŸ첲Ĳƺ΢΢еʪġ̫ϲִУôȿ˵
Ȼ󡭡
̧ƤѣѪģسһЦ

ƤˣûƤˣûƤĹ
͵ȥҪܣ
ڶֵǸɲǣܸоԼ뵽ûƤģղֳʪǳûƤѪⰡ
ûƤѪצȥץȻܵȴٿطһ΢Ļƹ⣬צûƤһУƤƺյ
ûҿŶĺͿ־ȥŭ߿Ƽƨʲô߿Ƽ˵Ƥղܵôݣ
ҪˣΪɲǣ˲ܻԵĲҽУǺġɭĹ
ܻԣǺþòˡ￴㣬Һÿİ
ܣ
ܵøˡ
֮󣬽ֵϵǰڱߡ磬ΧûƵģֻԼĽŲԽԽĶߡ
ҧͳ壬𽥽ӽˣԽǺܵԽ죬ĿֲУʼʾ֭һЩżһ䴫˵Ҫôţʲô취ܸϽʲô
һᣬɤӴ
ңҼ׳ҸǮ
óõģҲֻĳˡ
ҲûƤŪĹ̫ˣһֱû˴ǽأǰǳӰ
ܴϲ˻ߵؽкǰˣ

˵ԪҲᷨسֿѵԪյĵһˣôԪͦġ
[ϵͳԪʲôͷҵ]
ϵͳͣ¡
[ǵҡ]
籾ʲôһ룬Ԫ˽Ԫѣ϶Ҳ֪Ŀǰնʲô򣬿ڻˡŨӣԺ϶ԽԽ࣬òŷҪԪ
ȷܸɵùɣЦʡ
ԪͷŨȣû⡣
ˣ͸ԪһǽǱСܹȥϹעһӿܵٶȡǸŪأҪǹ湻ˣǻûȥǰͰǲˣǾ̫˼Ҿˡ
ԪܸٶȣܵҲܿ졣
ˣȷʵûⰡ

Ũĵطܾⱻǽ
ԻԪߣۿȦͷɫ죬Ҫ͸Ƶġ󲻵׵ĵطиŮţץסˣȴƫƫץֻضĲʱʱùצһ¡
磺
ڶϣôðȦأ
ŮȻǷҪŪܣûɱֻΪȦεرסȹȦĥԺܶ֡
ڣÿһЩȦӵĹ͵һЩÿһЩȦӵĹֵһЩצ̽ذ£ȦɻᵭһЩ
ǹȦܻڣҲȵԪ֡
ŮϿĶ⣬ϻðѪ⣬ѪûϮӦûϵȻûϵܾͲ
ǣȡһ˿ָһ
˿ٳǰѹǽȦӴˡ
۾һǱس


24 ܻԵԹ
й
ǵ㲻㣿ҪͿ˹, ҶǮ
Ҫȥ˵Ųһ٣̧ۿûȫɢȥ, ˹Ǻģ˵˧, ô;Ҳˡء
󼸸Ƶõسŵܲɢ
ʲʲʲôҲǹһŤҪһ, Ѿ, Ԫһ, ˸ץ˻
ܲҽС
绻ƨһţиƨ˵˭أ
ܻɸ, һҪԵ
ӣûȥ
Ԫǰ˼, Ƥϣź, Ҳ֪ʲôֶΣǻƤһкһ, ˡ
ȻԪתܵǰ, Ҳֳһѡ
ܻججûӦԪ, ȻǱһͰˮƵ, Ӧˡʲô, Ѱ
ԪԪ¿ڡ
Ԫޱ飺š
͵Ťͷ, һ˧磬Ҳϳˡ
磿
ЦЦ֣š
ܺˮظһ۵ġ
ôã̫ˡ
ղŻҸʲôģΪ˻⺦£״Σ˵ġлˣԪղ̫ˣᷨɣǲҲᷨţƣģ̫ţˣллǾҵֻˣͷ˾͸תˡǲ֪ҽ̫ùˣܻǸ˵ұˡ
ؿܵһʱȴ㶣ܻԣ
ܴҵһй㣬ҪȥǸʲôЩ˰Ů𣿻˵ʲô̼Ǹ߿Ƽĸ߿Ƽйץץͷ˵ˣҲиŮҲ֪ôˡٵǲٵǡ
λˣҲ֪Ǳµ׶󣬾ҿԪͦɵģҪаյĻܲҲղܵһѣ֪ǸҪǮģҿȵϡǸطǸ߰ɣʮͷӿܶǹûиĹҲ֪ҪǰղˣҵģùûԲǡһǳԷʲôʱУһٶС
ü嵹еĿ࿴ˡǱܻ۵ģɻĵһʱ仹ԸǮˣҲзִ磬ûΪ˻ǮȻ
ҲԣǹȦǼĹ£Ÿһ˿׷ʱԪļ̳ĺӣǸ竣Ҳõ
ͷԪ˵ҿȥ͸ղûƤһƻܶԸʮû⣬Ԫ
ԪҲͷҲԡ
ЦЦ˵ģ
ܼԻ뱨ַ
ɴ˵УϽȥǰ˾˾ͻ
ܵӶˣҲ֪ԼǸϺȵģæ˵úúãλϴˡæȥ㼸˻ȥǽӷ硣
ҪЦˣһжʱж˵ʱҲ˰һԪǰߣһֳ˰ڣˡ

ܻǺ⣬ⲻǷȥɣ˫ϣ׼ԪٶȸϵȥϵǣԪƮƮģȻò͸ˣ粢ܷɿ졣
˺ܿǸǰ
һƬϾɵĽʵطʲôУܶص⡣Բܻ˵иܻܴ̼ʱûɾһˡ
˵ĵַһͷ꣬СϰǸݵС̫ԱиСȥб¾ͿԿһܴķţǻ
վνͷ棬ȴǸƾɵĵ棬ʧ޵֣κƾɣһңûС̫
ıһӦйʹ۷˹⿴С̫æͷ꣬ȴСһ㱡ĹпС
ۡ
Ԫ˵ȥɡ
Ӧһ
ǰߣӰܿûСУбһ·¡

Խ¹ԽŨȿȷŵʱ򣬺Ĺϣһͷޣľ
ӹˣȷʵǸߡ
ûȫյڣһֻԲܾۼôŨĹ
߹ȥ塣
Խ˵ã˵Ƽˡ
ͦô¶ģѪĹ۾ҪӶԽðˣͲ˷ʱ˰ɡ
ƣĸһ
Ȼ󣬷ۿɼٶڻһһȥĴ󶴡
һֻɭɭĶ⧲ѪĹøϣе±ơ
ִ̧˸кˡ
ԪҲ̧֣ǴкһС«Ƶ⣬׼Ѫ۶
һ룬Ѫ۶ֵرһ̣˺«
Ĵָ
Ԫ˵Ҳ
ݸӿŲȥ
˵ģطȷܿʲôһܾõͣԺ½˺ܶСŰŪôխûгܽȥ
ʱͣĹĴɢŪֻþýͨ˶Ǹкܶϡ翴ȴǽǶѻļ߹ͷԼΧһ˺ҧʲôʮֻŮֻ
ѪƮڿУ̫Ũȴܴ̱ǡ
һòѾ˰ɣ
Ԫ˵ܻԻš
ϰ˸ԪĬ΢΢˿üҲԶˡҾе֣Ȱ˾ٿ
Ԫá
ڿԪǸչĺ«û׼ԼˣΪĻ̫ãһСľͻѹŪûɢֻȦɱе㿼΢١Ԫɸ㡣
Ϣһ˵Щ׷Ťͷˢˢضǡ
ܯ}ˡ
ϧˡ
Ԫֱӳ֣«׼
ʱ䣬ʮֻر«ԭصֿһŮʹģ̣ץסܻԱҧõĸ첲˺ҧšֻһ˲䣬ܻԵһⱻҧѪǸղŵĺü
ҲǼˣһ룬Ҳ˺«
ߵǾ߽ʬĶǰͷһǲܻԣµǱ˺ҧĺۼ˸ոŮһڣ˿ڶ󣬱ҧҲ࣬˿ܲȫƵѾˡ
ΨܻԵõģֻ۵ɵôģǿʲô˼Ķ˿־塣ؿ΢΢Ҳѵģȴ˵Ӳһֱſ̡
Ϊʲô˵ѵأΪѵת飬ǿģҲϳ
ʹ粻ϲܻԣҲʵ̫ˡ
ϧܻͬ鲻
ڿɲ¶ǿҵԹ촽źϺ˵ǹģҪװʲôˡ
ؿŲܻԡ
ԪѾٶȣȰԻҲŲܻҲţװͨסݾߺܻ
Ǻģ˻ҪǺޡ
̺һ˿ڲܻԵ˿ϣʧѪ۾۰ɣ͵úܣо֣ҲżҽԺ͡
Ԫߵһߣ˵ǸŮԲܻԵĺ̫ǿˣе㲻Ծ
Ԫ˵ǱܻԺġ
һ㶣ܿó
ǸǳɱУϸľͻöˡ
Ԫͷж
ؿһ۲ܻԣѹֹСڳأĥɡ
ֻŮȷųʰɣʹԺٿô
Ԫĺ«ţһֻԹŮˣΪں«һ⣬Ԫ־壬ҲܿƵ¶˱ࡪǰģ
ı鲼ֲ˺ۣ֫ûйͷģƺǱ˻ϵġſڵϣѵ̧ͷ
ûġƤˡ


25 Ůǵı
ɫЩѿ
ǰԹ, ֶԲܻôǿҵĺ⣬ܻһйϵŮٻһǰľǱֱˡ
[ϵͳа취ֱӿŮļ]
ϵͳ
[磬Թۿκ˵ˡ]
һ㶡
[Ҳֻܿǵ]
ϵͳ
[һʱε֮ӣСʱ͡оָʱҲԶȡˡ]
Ȼ
Ҳ, ֮ӵ߶֪, ο˲ģֻΧ֮ӷչ, Կʱȡ˾ͿԣòŰǸ˶һ顪Ϣ̫ˡôǮȻû׳ġ
[ŮϢҰɡ]
[õ, ]
һ룬Ϣӿ, Ůسֳ

һڲļͥŮӣúƯ, Ưûй, ԭͥԵʶӰ̫, ȱ˳ܣҲЩη, ò
ͨͨس, Զ۵ڽ, һֱ
ʱĲܻԶһûһ㵫磬ҲһЩеСǮʮ˵ֺЩǮȨѧ˵Ǹ˵ĻҲ£˻˲ٺôüȦӡ
ܻпòۣڵĸȦױб£úܶĽĿ⼯ϡԲܻʮ㽡
һżȻܻԿ˰ȵʮ߰ഺõͣҲ񻣬һ˲ܻԵע崿кӻĽ׷ϲŮܻԲк𴿴Ůõݺ塣
ȻܻԶ԰չ˹ƣʹòƽƽȴ׵ذ嵽ˣ̶̲һ£Ϣմȥ˸Сùݡ
ǸصĹһţþܾ
£ܻζˣͬһʱ̣ȷԼˡðȺܾţɼһǧɣڲܻԷֺ󣬷¶ȼȤܺ£ɻǲþܾüζ͵͵ʲܻԸô죬ܻȴֻǷţȰ
ʵϣܻѾд㡣
ĸײݬģеĶȦڵȦ竵ͥ»ͦеߵ࣬ж˵㣬ûʲôĻ¡ɲܻԴĶȦȴö࣬첻֪ηʲô¶ʲô¶С
ܻԸմϲõļС֮ǰʶЩǿò׸˵ϵҪ˴˵ĹϵڰȻˣԼ˵ģǼúֵ࣬x񱡣
ߴŮѾ΢΢ĶƵ֫ٵֱۺӨСȣܻԿһֱ̻̲ܾͬС¹һı飬ų˳
Цˡ

ɫࡣ
ȱŮƭɫֺݶѻпĸµˡ

ȱܻƭһ͸ĸȺҡ
ܺ£ɲܻ˱ˡûףͱһϲиڣŪ˺ӡڴϣ۾֪ΪʲôϵڶˣʱxŰ˺ۣʹȴҹ
һΧۣǰһĥԺ߹һŰһ۶ֽţһĹͷΪϲĹϲͨԼøҲġˣ֧Լ嶼
ʱ򣬰ֻʣһˡ
󣬵ĸȻûжʲôȴϲ԰׶ʹı飬ûжƤݽҩˮﱣ档ͬһʱ̣۳޵ϿգĿȤʬ塣
ʬ屻ˣȻ͵һĵͣǼܻءǰĹǻͿϣԶˢڵ棬˵زȥ
ⲻǵĵһΣҲһΡ

һԱߵǽڣӲ߳һ󶴡
ǿ󣬼ʹڽϵĲ࣬ɢϢȻֲܿ
ȵĹܲסɪɪη
ۡ
ԪվԱߣСۡ
оԪԵİοƽԼ

ڰȵļ޶һʼججģֻǿҵԹҵܻԣһֱʱʲôҲɢȴʱʱ̲̿Ųܻԣϳ˶Ŵĸ߲ȵͣǰΣɷŴԺúڣټųª˼ˡʹٺãҲǺѱֺõĶɣùӡ
Ȼĳһ죬ͣˣоԼڲҲоԼĹǻԣʮŮ
ڻŵʱԭƯġġиĶ֮Ҳõͣĸҵ
ǱƭҵģֻǻŰ˵ĺȴ˶ħԹңʵҲǿֻûиʱܸԼ޵ˣ֮󣬹ǻҶعǻҵĸʱû취ˡ
Ůָǣϵ׳ԼǾۼӴ˼ֻĶԿ˭Ҳ˭˺ϵ
ŹԽԽǿ˹ۣܻŮǵԹ½ǹͬĳˡǼᰮ̼ҡ
ϲǸûƤġ壻ϲĥ˺ӵŮǾͦŴӰǺÿģϲŰǾһ˿˿⣻ϲƤǾͱɼӲĹͷӣùָּףһƤ
Ȼ󣬹һһڵسԵǣǵĹͷǽǡ
ȥ֮󣬴ŮܡߡøԶˣٱǿͣаȣûִĳ˱ʼ
ܻṩõġܡûж˸ϵڻʱvţ֪һ̼ĺõط
Ȳױ
д˲ܻԣܵһ֮ѣǰѲܻȣñһҡѡеŮȥɱˣȻһֱûиоٻϿܾûܵظ˼ѹɱ˼ң
Ȼˣץסǣ˲ܻԡ

ŵŮһѪᡣ
ףǱʱû˸ΪʲôʱȴҪĳأĲۣ
۾Ѫ죬ԹԽԽŨŨüҪγʵʡ
ûüгˣû˼޹ŮʼĶתˡ
һ֣ɢŮԹ
ԻָǣɺѪۣ۶Ǿ
û˵ʲôڰ֣ջ˸ڲܻϵĻѪѾֹסˣ˷
[ϵͳĨҺԪĺۼ]
[õģ]
[ࡣ]
[ÿ]
һߣڶĲܻͻȻ͡
Ԫ˵ǻȥɡ
Ԫ˵á
˵ŮǷųɡ
Ԫͷá
ʮֻŮˢˢſڵϣȻ֪ʲô¡ηؿ˿Ԫɿȵԡ
ȿ˵ıӰؿڣ󡢴ʦǲ𣿡
ûͷֻͬģûеġ˶٣ԼԼǲҪ˺޹ˡ
һţŽǿٵͷ֪ˣһˡ
׷ܵŮӦø죬ĶǺ¡
ڿȦʱ֪ܲˣ̰ˡҺãҺûûɴ

·ϣŮԪ
ҸòþȲܻԣ
Ԫ˵ûвá
⻰ʣȴӿŭٿƵ
ȥ˵ɣҪǻȲܻԣԼȥ
ԪӦˡ
˵«⼸ֻҿźס
ԪǺ޹ĶЩŮһ
ͷ㿴Ŵ
Ԫɢꡣ
磺С
ȻĬһֱAû˵
[ϵͳҪһſ]
ǰ˵ľУ֪һѾʱǿ԰ſ͸κһָĿ˵ġ磬һʼ͸
[Ȼԡ]

ص֮żıУⲽصšСܺţҪŻڶԴ
򿪵æ߹ȥԪˣϽǽֲ鲻ԸسǺ濴һۣȴȵطֲܻԲڡ
ѵܻѾ
ˮԪ˵ˡ
Ԫͷá
Ȼ߽Ԫķ䣬š
͵͵ӰһۣСĵʣϴôˣ
Ԫ˵ȥƽ
԰Ůǵܡ
ܵɴۣûȫ꣬סԼĲųŻ
ʲôʲô̫ġ
Ԫ˵ҪԼȥ
ɫɷ׵߳ǶԲܻԵ񣺡֪ɹ£ʱ;ȥˣ˺ü˵Ҷʲôλϴֶ£ҶԲסǡҸҴ绰˵ٱλģҾ˵ܻ԰Ҵȥײַˣӳ֪ûŸҴ绰Բǣȥ
ڲܻԣһжˡ
ԪҸ˵

УϵͳһŰɫſ
ȡ
һ룬ɫſΪһĨ⣬ָķȥ


26 Ů
ſڵϣԪ뿪, Ůǹһй, ɹӾ׽Ƶ, ˭Ҳ˭
, ŮƽͻȻһ׹, ٿظڰȵǰ
һžĿƬ, ģϸֲǡ
Ϣݵȵʶ, ؽסˡϷ̫, һʱЩӦ
[Ƿſ]
ǵߴš
, ִ˵ĽȻ, ɹ, ʲôɵĵأΨһִҲǱѡ
, ҾҸԶһ, ҳˣ˺ܻԣ
Ů, ҲĹ, ȵ뷨
, Ƕ׷˵
µ, һµġ
һ˺
ĹХڷص, ܻԻڵ, Ѿ, ǻ˿ڣ̫ˣҲˡ
֣Сĵſ
ǵģ󶨡
ſ˲壬һ
ҲΪûԵʣƵĹ֮䣬͸һ׹⡣
ŮǾȵؿ
ԼĿڣͻȻ¶ЦݣиطҪȥһٸǡ
ŮǻûӦǰİѾʧˡ

վſڣͷգٿǰĳغԶĽȺϸϸءſϢƮ֮ס
еţܹͨĹʲô̬ȣʲôʲô
ԣ롭븴Сһ𸴻
߰ĺܶ뷨һ̵İӺ
ԴӵԺеĳƺԶȥˣܲԹıܿ
ڴǰȽŵ
Ȼ󣬴Ŷ

翴ǰŮȷϢϵͳжӵеļֵһ
ͬʱҲԼϢ塣

ͣ18꣨2꣩
ʵףͼԹ
磺Сǧ-0磨У-
ݣŮԹ޶飩
ˣ10
״̬
ʣ0꣨ٸԺĻ۶
ӵмֵ
10㡪10/
ֻҵ״̬10/ֻ
ȴӶѾѵԹͨ/ǽ/۷ȹҪȴ˹Ӷ۸ԶӶƽ֡
ƼƷ
һ10/
ƥ1000
ṩԪ100꣩100/
ضŵڶƼƷ𺳣ȻĿԸƥһ𣬲Ǹ
һ룬йˡ
Ǹ˲ĵطҲǸҪǮĵط
ֻǼҵĹ͵˹Ӷ𣿼ûȥС˭֪ʲôʱԸӶˣ

ŪҺյ£Ҳܿ˹꣬ǻʱŮǾͰǽÿȡϵĹ׳Լͷ߹ѹѵؿԼٴαǷֳԣܽޡ
Լһ׺󣬰Ⱥйߵ뷨ԲܱסƲңҲûôʦǷ֡

統ȻûǼֻֻ̫ˣһʼûעϣǿϷĺ⣬µǺܾܿǼңûеǸʱѾһſˡ
ûԭѵõĴưɡ
ʲˣ̫ƵҲеˣĿǰᣬ¸պײպü֮ģ⶯Ҳ͸ˡ
˵ûʲôֵģǱҲޡ˾֪ˣͨõ10㣬ˣȴûиˣͨͨһֻ
ʱԼ֮ĶΪϵͳһЩԴģͱ磺ҵ͹¡
вͬķÿҲиԵĹأΥعƣһ̶Ȼγҵƻ۵ùҲγɹ¡
һϴҵʱͻʹǡóΪˣҲ෴϶ǹ£ῴ˳ۣӣĹ»׬Ǯ
طչǿʢĹγɵķȱȻ˳ӦģȻϸͬûкܴƫ롣ǼҲк˺ܶҵȻҲ
ײϵͳռڣûȨģֻΪƷڡȾͲͬˣȻҲǹȴΪƷֻѡͶܹӶ
ڰȿֻҹԭһҲǱǺ֮һʱǱȵһǶǽĬȨ
룬ȹĻͻֻңķȫԼԼŮǡҪǸ㣬ӦûᷢǵŨڲӣȥѰһЩĵرлȡĽҪĶ
Ȳ֪֮ʲô뷨ֻԼ˹ʺˡæǣȻ󼱴ҴҵƮȥϽȥҲܻҲܷã

ܻԿǽϡ
ԱߣŻָʱòİȡͷڼϣɫЩ԰׺һ˫ѪĹ⣬Ư崿
ܻѾǵԪˣڶ߶µģ־;
㡭ŹҺòãһȥֽǮҸպݳƷպܶ˧ź㣬ŹҺòãұ֤һõģÿ궼գ
ʵһֱǸģҺͺˣģԭҺòãҡҰ㹩ڼλ㣬ÿһաˣҿԸڤ飬Ұ㣬Զ㣬ԺΨһţ
˵ôңҲԸҽ飿
ܻΪȱ˵ˣʹԹޣڳŵһ³ڵͷƺһҲµŮԼһ˿Ʋ𡪡ŵʱƭҲһƭųȥȥЩʦһҪŮɢ
ȿŲܻԣж١
ܻԿĹۣ־ٴӿͷǿסŸʱŬ¶һᡱЦݡܷ֣Цݵ׶αֲԸôŤ
ͬЦˡ
ǣҲԸ顣˵ܻԣǰһģһɶ񶾣ҲҺ塣ûϵҲֻƭƭ㡣
ܻԵ۾ĳϵĶ÷
˳Цֿ죬һֱȻȻŴ󡪡
ܻԾֵزҽС
۽⣬иҰ׵Ů֫һһ˹

ڶϣХľĵͣҵһ߱еõʬ壬ǳ¡ʬϵ˿ڲҰ޵Ŀҧӡ·Բͬˣÿһ鴴ڶ󣬾ھϸá
ʱȥ鿴ľԱǶһ亹һʮŵĲкŮҰˮ棬ҲҰйĹ
󣬰ƽⲿš

ţСܻ󣬾ȵطǸϴ϶٣ΧԪת̬úܣһ졪ٵжѵѾȬ
ûŪ˵ܻˡ


27 ⲿ
ţ۾ɵϴ, ˵ʱеˡ
ʲôܻˣô°
СҲܲ, Ҫ˵˭ܻ, ǸͱҵƵˡʱҶǻվߣŵƲŰٰ˿, ûҲܻԾ, ûһȡôܻԣҲǷ, ûŲܻȥġ
ͻȻ, е㱣̸, ɻе, ҲеꡪϾҶͬѧǷ绪ïˡ
֪⼸˹ϵãжɵλʦùϵǿ϶ҲܸѰڼӡóԼĴֻţǱһݡ
ɣǰǡѣ׼, ܻԿɲʲôö
ţС, ǽӹֻ, Ͽȥ
#бļӺʮŮ#
#ɱⱨ#
#¼ǾĲ߻#
#߲ɰ#
#볹#
һѱ̵۾, СóԼֻҲ㿪ţˢ
һǲû˻ꡣ
ʲôļҹӷʮŰŮӲɱٻǻͿصĲҰʲôܺ߼Ϊ˱Ĳ߻ͬɱǣʲôAĲĳŮСxƭĳڽıΪĸɱ˷İףԼʲôСxѸܺ߼Բĳ˱˺ݷҽʬֲĳٽҹʱܵ˲̶ԴֱŶ
滹˺ܶڰƲ⣬֮ǰ귢ļĳСxĹϵȵȣpo˼Ŵ˵ѾĿĵƬ˾㤵ľȴֵڲܻԵ沿Ƭ
ţ񣺡
Сܣ
˵΢΢ôû뵽ǸֻǹӡɡƶЩѣȻǸܰŮ͸ŰҺ߳ĵǸɱ˷ˣ֮ǰô죬Ǹôһסͬһ̫ˡ
Ϻʮĸɱ˷Ƿŭ񣬻Ϊϧ˺µһ亹ģ˵޳ܡ
ҲףΪʲôǸжٻǰ׼ǣܻסһ䷿ĲŸ°ɡ
ţӲ˰Ѻѿڶ๼
Сܱܸӣû˵Ҳôġ
ܺЦһ
һ˵ȥ羹ȻûѸȥǸͣȷȷʵЩº󣬴֣˴֪ԭи齨õⲿţר£Ҳȥѯʣǩ˱Э顣ժ˳ȥ±Ϊܺ߼ѵı¼̫ӣֲ㺦ǼӺ޶ļ˺ű飬ץסܶѱԶ׼ԺһЩҪְλ޷ˣᱻɵطȻЩҲôͱֵ÷з
Űɣ֮£۶Ǽɾ޴ѹȦҲжںܳһʱЩɹĶôĿŵˡ
ЩܶȻ֪˵ﻹ⣺ץ¶֪еĹϵɱС׽ˡ٣¿˵Сã治ƭİ
Ԫɳһͷ͵صͷ
ɲͶ๼
绹ûйǰ뿪УҹֻˣŵĳĸҵĹ⻹вܻԵġܻҲҵȻȲǰɣҲûȨĿƷǼȻ50ңССظһʱ
ҲӦˡ
ڰȣûǵ˼ϸ˵е£ɱǺѾˣŻΪ˶γǮҲû顣ǶǺýã֪ײԵˣԺ϶ܱúǿ󣬼֮ǰ԰ΪȻԸԺԽԽǿҲõرӻǡ
Ⱦò˼һֳ˲ܻԣ˲ܻԡҵ
ŲܻԵȥñİͣȻͣѾ֣л뿪ֵĿԾͷǳڰѸԺʹŽǰˣӰ

糿·ͣ
һʮٵĵʿ̣Ĵת˺üȦҡͷ˵ûСԹ죬ȷʵۼ˺ܶӦѾ뿪СʱˡԹŨȿЩúң֮ǰضܴĥ
Ա߻мƷŮŷģĶм⣬׷׵óƵĴ𰸣ͬʿ
𳤳ľߣһȺ侯еǽմȾѪĵطϸ鿴ܻԵʬҲûƶҽСæֳ顣
ЩƷŮⲿŵĳԱʿǸòŹʡ
ڼǰһЩϵ˾Լļµĸо·һԤףڲǰͻȻԼﱾǳǳֻԼлһЩ𽥱ó棬ÿһǰһҪǿһЩԭֻڵ伮ֹķܹ֣תܷӳ˼һ鼮ҲӦЧһֻķӵ˴˵еĹܡ
ͬʱǰֻгֵŹͬʵ
Եľǣ֮й֡ͨ˵ĻججԼͻû£ȥ˴˵е䣻ĿģеԺͻʧеǲ壬޲˺ˡ
⣬в˿˺ԵĻǡҰڹǽĻӰˮߣҹʱĿװ׵ʾɵĴڸСǳûƵҲԽԽˡ
ɵӰ죬ͨľԱû취ģѡ˶¼ҹǿԱ齨µĲţ۷ԼѾڸǣѡĸּⲿţṩǿΪʣһ̵߽ˣһҲרԱж
²žⲿţɬӰ¼ʱǷǳٵģԼ쳣¼ֺһڣѾ齨ɡĿǰڲ󲿷ֳԱѾϰ˽ص⣬ϵӴļҲ֪һЩҲӦİš
ڵþǣȻ競ܱǲģĴҰ϶ļ̳˺ǸоԱӢӦҲ֪ġ˵ΪӢĹΧ漰ⲿţŵһʱ䱻©˿ڷ硣
ܼææµʱһӦǻɵܵ˵ѻǵĵܵܵİȫԼѸٴ
ʿѰ˵ЩܴǷҵСүߣҲ뿪û취׷ٵǵټ
һˬŮԱüϧЩҲͬ飬ҵǿƲסԼʲô£һ¡Ҫҵǽгȣܹһ㰲Ϣ˵⣬ǵ˵˷ǣЩֻһЩаķץסЩ¡£ҲͬǷǳ̵ġ
ְԱ˵ϧĻǲ׵ģڳѾ˽ʵ˶ûǵעҲŮǵȥϡ
ʿ̾ȾҰɡ
¼̫ӣŲҲˣüģ˵ҵԺȰ˵ʧأҪ˺ǡǿԸصļලزٳͬ¼ЩȨϹģظӵ࣬Ҳ
һ齻ȥ
вԱش𣺡ǣ
ʿοĿǰûг޹ߣԿǵʱûȫʧȥǣûΪʹǨŭˡѾ˳ʶӦѾѹҲܹסԼĹˡ
˵Ըһ˳
¼ԽԽطҲҪָ֣򣬸

ѵöɬʵǰ½½Ҫȥ֪ͣͬķͬûодƷڲͬвͬЧ˽ܻΣ½ܶ࣬ҲҪһȥףһд½ϯòȾˮһǡͻģкǡε̧̧ͷϵǰɽ𣿡
ϸ˵꣬°͡
⻹Ǹ⡣
ĸƷ֮ͻᱻΪӦ磬ûģһ˴ķͻͺܻܿᷢAʥҩB綾ҩA綥B󷴶֮¡
Ŀǰļ˻ǺϧģȻǲʲôΥ°ɣΪԷһſעӦϢϾԺ˶ʲôУͺ˵˽»᲻ᶯС˼ˣɴ档
п˽кȡ˴ϢԺȾͻףνĹͨ粻ǸǴһͨԸ첻ͬɵĲݡҪǸ˽ҸǻֿԵġ
ҲֻӵֵƷŻз棬ÿÿһ涼з򣬵˻˴ʷܵһˣʱѵԳԺȺȿĵҩĶУֻܿԴĸ𣿶ǻӰԿǵġ
ԡ
˵õġһ̶ȣſ벻ȫʵģ˴عеʱлԶ
һ̶ˣǾҪǮˡ


28 Ѫ
ȻǽŰŰĵŰŮ, ֻˣڸƭ, ˻Ǹܴϻ۵Ĺ, ҲЩ, ½桢Ԫع, ȻһЩǱص˼
ͱڣͺܿף½絽Ժ, óԺúȵ㣬õĶͨдԺòźá
ûʲô, ֪ԼԺ;ã۱˰ġ
뿪繵ͨȺ, ԪعϢ
[׹-ĳ, ׼, ʱͱкһ]
[-磺Ҿȴ֮, ʱ䣬ŵм棿]
[׹-ĳ, Ȼԡ]
[-磺˵ˣɢ]
[׹-ĳʱ]
Ⱥ¼⣬պ½涼ûг֣Ӧö˽ġ
µ, ȥ翴ķ, ½ȥͲͬ, պҪúд½ҲĴ㡣
Ӧáͦ˼ġ
ôһ룬ðһͷҪٵȵȡ
[ϵͳ]
[õģ]
[ҪģһӦġ]
[15000ѿ۳]
еۣûʲô취
Լȥ߷á
һҲԶ̿ơӴˡ
ڶȥϿδ򿨡
һҲȱ

ڴϣ΢ɲ̾˿
ղһţԶ̿Ʒǳ˿ϵͳ¹ȻǷĵģҲöȥ£һرġ

ĺܹ
ڵʵף͵һһ˼άģµĸһ壡ͻԺ󣬰ϿεĻԲ䣬ǴͻľͱٴλǮֲǸСĿ
ܹ뷽跨޶ë
˯ţ
ҹɤڵĴ
缹һȻӦԪ˵
ˣҲòµġ
ԪŵǸȻŵˣ
æ˵ûҸղڷûҡ
Ԫ˵Ǹ
첲ڲ棬Ц˵˵ûҪô
Ԫš
Ԫ˵Ļشǲ̫ⲻǾѵ𣿾ϢֲֿͦġһҪϿˡ˸ⲻ;ʱ̫죬ë
Ԫ˵ǵĿβѡ
ͬ⵹ǣȺܶĿɣԽϲԽѧȥ
Ԫһȥ飬࿴кô
磺ѧУͼ࣬ʲôϿԹȥ顣
Ǿȥͼݡ
ܶ٣¿ξ͹ȥɡ
š
ôĸȽϺã
Bɡ
Ҳԣǵط鶼Ƚټ
һûһţأҲûģ˯ˡ
֪ʲôʱʼԪҲʧˡ
ٴλָΪһƬž

ڶϾпΣԪ磬һܲ壬Ȼ緹һѧ¥ߡ
ͬСܽ첻ֱҲûô磬ţ͸ˣǸ˯˯ѵģΣȻҲ۾
ᣬĿǰռһ䷿ܡ
СүԪΪˡùϵ飬ʱ
ͷÿͬͬĻֻԪ
Һ󣬴ͬ඼ˣΪǿѧһ εԵʣϿʱû˳ٵҲû˲
ſεһλʮŮʿ࣬˵ʱ죬渶Ÿտھ;ȡѧǵעѸרעš
ҲλŮʿͨѧøǣ͸ʱ򣬳ȺɫĹ֮£λʦɫչĹâůĺ䣬øöݳ֪ʶҲѧܸա
ӹɣʦһھѣǿºͣ˺ѧ˵Ӧ޺ġ
[ϵͳܿʲô]
[Ѫ]
ͻȻһ٣𽡭Ѫ
[ôͻȻ͸㵽Ѫȥˣգеζˡ]
[ϹѪӵǿܱΡ]
˲䶮ˡ
[˼ǣԾĺҲ巢һЩ£ֻǵѪⱾѪɵĵرѪĻؼ˯ˣŮʿܸԵҲѪŨȱȽϸߣѪ]
[ǵģ]
˼
ӦҲѪܾѣϹδزԡεգĽ᲻ǾǿѪΪЩǿ͸ΪǵѪҲƫ壿
ٿɡ

ܺ档
[ϵͳʲôѪ]
[ûѪ]
£
ôҰɣϹô࣬һѪûҲ˵ûϵͳҲûʲô¡
ԭ룬ҪԼʲôѪУֱл㷨ңԼĹѹòѪǣ˭ֱ֪̫ˣѹû⡣
аɣָˣ֪ûôá
ܿ죬һڿν
ʱӽŵ㣬ҲȥиԪعˡ
˿ԱдʼǵԪе΢
ʵԪſģһ˵ԸһȥСΣǸ˼ô羰ԪԸϣӦҲȥɡҪˣԪϢͶƷǰԲʶûʲôſǸǵĻԵԸⱻֵԲҪſԪͬôɾڿ̽Ѹ˽Ƶģеⲻȥ
ͷۡ
ԪѧרҵԺʲôͷȥ
Ԫдһʣش˵صĶԡ
ЦҲ̫ˡ
Ԫؿ̬ͦģǷܣ֪ģҲ׬Ǯ
ٿػȻ
ҲԣԺ粻һˣԪֲɵ϶ҲܿǸץı£ԺôҲ׬Ǯ⣬ɲʲô͸ʲô𣿻治ڷ
뵽⣬Ц
ʱˡ
[ϵͳ滻ɡ]
[ף]
˶Ӧʱıͻ˽
һ˲䣬еĴſڣ򱣳Ÿ籾һģһƣԪ˵
ԪӦţȻתͷȥõıʼΧעƺڲԼĹ۵㡣
˵дˣȥڰ½ڿΰɡ
Ԫش𣺡š
ʰ˶ȥ

ԶԶԪع½˵ҪǱȥɺϵǣѸһڹոǰŵˡ
ͬմ˸к硣
Ҳк硣
Ԫع½ӭ
ո˵˵½磬õĿջȥǴȻʾףһؼȥ
½ЦЦá
һۣͷԪع⹰֣ĳͷˡ
ԪعЦãǴ˵½֡־һˡ
½նһЦҲҪˡ


29 ǰ
ǰͬķ, ˶ġ
дǰóſһ
ɲǼ, ǰһСУѸչΪһȺܴŻ, պøд
Ԫعǰ·롣
, һŲȳ, ΢΢Ц롣
˵Ӱʧ֮󣬶³ֵŻѸСһĨ΢ʧˡ
ۿĲ, ½Ҳ߹ȥſǰһ
ͬŻֻһ½ִĵط

ع
һ⻪, һУͬʱֵĻиͦ, ͱСЩ, Ϊ, ֻװЩ, ͷҲ, Ϊͬ
, Ԫعǰ͵ˡ
վ, ܿ˿
һ¹, ͨ, ûʲôƵĸо, ǽǶźܶҹ飬ûȾĵطиߴ̨׳ĵ򣬰㲻Ե
Զӿ糯Ǳ߿ȥЦЦ˵Ҫףˣ˸ոͻƣʵǿ
ԪعһЦЩ⣬ȴǸˣһλֵܣʾѣǰøյû뵽ôͻƣȷǼ£˻ϲ
˵ȻֲȥȻֵĺֵܣѵͻƺҲϣܵõһԵصġ
Ԫع˼ֻдĿˣ̫˵ˣҲָͬȥҲܸʶ
統Ȼûʲô飬ҲµˣôͻƵģƾǰλµɰ¹ԭˡ
֮ӣʶû
[˵ҶʣϵͳҲϵϵ磬ûʲôǣ]
[ĹУ£֮ӡ]
[ĿǰҲûС]
[ǵģ]
[˼ǣճɺ֮Ӿпܳˣ]
[ѾϵͳȻ֮ӵĸʺС]
Сȫûܡ˼ҲҪĳָǣƷҲԣǾҲϵͳʱ򣬿ǷչڱͺáҪǲôҲûϵƷǿ֣Ҳˡ
ţǰѾҩˡ
ԪعŲҴңʱŽ
С˵ǰǺѪذɣֱֺʣܴһ֧ǿ
ԪعܿԼ뷨ݵĿˣ۳ĸ磬ǻһ֧ǿװġŪöڻܻס׹Ȼ⣬Ҳز٣һӦԴҲҪȡֶ֧Է˵ʵĲκ裬ɷչЩҲҪԼϵġκ裬ôû˱κʸãˣټκѵʱΣκƣԼҲܷĵһһ߷չˡ
κҲûʧûʱ䣬ѾתΪ׹Ķ֡
ʱκ跢˴ڣһ·ŴѪ߳ӭӡ
£ҲѸɨ磬λǣ
ԪعЦܣ֣¸֮κ裬պҪֵġֶκ˵ԶĹ磬Ҳһͬ֡ɡ
κǰԪعȭ֡
ҲЦ֣κ֡
кԪعŶκ˵ϲˣٽһ
κչͷպԻ°ġ
Ԫع˵ʲôĵģԼԼЩȻҪҲҪӣ¡
κӦǡ
û˵Ա߿΢΢ü
Ԫع˼ɿԣֶκЩʱĪ÷漴Ŵȥԭ׼õĿĵءܵڡ
ظң̫׵ɣ
Ԫعܴݣ0ƶúܣʲôģпˣʶ̹úܣΪСƷοȻѣȻҪиεģҲزҴᡣ
Цˣ˵ֵı£Ҳʼֻ0׹һء
ԪعҲЦˣּԡ
ܴʹ磬磬ҲһҪ׹
˵䣬Ԫع˳ܵ׻ʹ
Ȼ˹ԪعȻˣĵطڻʹһε԰СǣͷʲʲĸҲͣ˵ߣ˵ˣҲ׳ŵҪͬԪعŬ˷ϵ㣬Ҳܸˣⲻ˽¸˵˵ϯ϶ིһе¡
ȻӦ

һд飬ڴ׹λ󣬿ʱ̬ȴûһӸµζͷβ൱崺硣
ȻȽ⣬ǰûǸͨˣʱô׹׼ϯڶ޲ڣҲӦԪع󣬸˲ִ¡۷Ź⣬ۺҲζ
㷹ûдԪعദ͸æµǵȥԪعСһ˸ǡ
Ԫعһ㶣֣ʲôдܵĵط
ЦŰ֣ǲǣҲΪԴ󻧣ȥһߣ硣˵æµʱҪΪҵĴŶʲô⣬һθûꣿ
Ԫعѻ˵ݶϣҲͲٸס
ֹȻ̹ҲֻȥһЩƱ־ͲҪƴˡҵеĿ˶ԣЩûôһ֮ˡ
ݹһżǧĽƱֽӹߵȷϵģλˣҲʡ¡ܰãҲҪ취ŪǮԺñд˵ʱҲó˵
ԪعûܾãǾףһ·˳ˡ
Циһ
ţԪعְ״ķΣˣҪһƥȴܡԪعָһصĳڣŵ磬ת۾ʧǰ
ԪعĿһΣջߣʩʩȻ
ʱ㣬ʱ䣬Ȼ׼ٽҪ򵼵ģǰ뿪Ϳճһʱ䡭Ҳţ绹ȥκ裬ָһ׶θôɡ

뿪ε˼ȦûȥǽһƬï֣ܵһصĴ
һ룬ֱӽе
ϻǸֵĻЦЦ˸
[ϵͳЧ]
[õģ]
ϵͳ˽뷨ڸ֮ҲһΣ͸ϵĹӰһģһ
ţ߳Ȼдſڣ׼֮ݽһ硣
ûñݽԪع룬ǲΪ˴ͻȺ֮αװͶԱĿȤĻ硣
ΪϵͳȨȥǲҪǮģ½ǲͬȥһ˿ɲס½г㣬ȻȷȥˣȥԺ϶Ҫµġôܲȥһأ
Ȼ׼ȥһԵͳ𣬽ס硣

һ㶣عͷȥ


30 ͵Ĵ
Ӣվĵط, ۽ڣüбɣһּӲܸ, ڸҲܸ, Ȼʵȴûʲô, Ҳûʲô顣
һЦԭǺӣѾȬˡ
, Դкһֱչ˵ĺӰ, Ҳ֪ôͻȻ, ס
Գ繰֣շѾˡ
Դºͣ⻹û, Ǿ͸Ͱˡ
ӽҿʲô󣿡
˵˵һֱڹˣҲſǰȥ, мСѾǰų, ȥ, ֪ǷҲǡ
üȷҪȥСǧһУ֮ǣ
˵֪ɷͬУ
磺Ŷǰȥ, 񲻸ɿЩ
ԣͬУǲͬƺǵܾ, ɴ˵, ĳ֪̫߶, а, ȻԶЩආֺ֮αԳ֣ĳִȥҲʡˡ
ŶǴŵ˼룬ôͻҪҪģ˵Ҳûʲô¶ҪԶֵĻԵûбƸڻСǧҲˣԺǧǧ磬߻Ҫϼŷݡȥʲô磬˽׺࣬Ƕǲ۵ġ
ΪʲôҪ
ϵҲã۲Ҳգġ
[ϵͳҶŵ¡]
[ģ]
΢΢ЦȻģҾͲƴˡ
¶һĨЦݣԴӲƺܲϰЦܿ죬ָֻޱ飬̯ƣƳһѪ˵ΪķãЦɡ
統ȻܾƷӹźѪ˵ʮΰ˽׺Ѫÿ1000ңϼ򡣡ǣȻҪ߳ͲؽɴеķˡЩңͻӵſ˻аɡ
һȥıͲóǮ˳ˮɡȻּȻǰģôҲǲḶġ
ƺû뵽粻Ǯһ˿ɲľҲû໰ٹ֣ͱʾӶԷķԸˡ
ͦģһָ׼д»
񲼲ٻǰһŻ
߽ȥ˵һ䣺ϡ
Խ󣬺ǰŵأһ硣

Ԫعǰ½Ҳһ硣
˳ֵĵط³һȽƫƧ֣Ҳվϸѡĵط
ȻûʲôˣȳԺմ½һ·õĿջߣ·ˡеȻܶ඼ʶյģһṫһЦ̣˴ƺЩЩ²ˡ
½һ߰ոܣһ߰Ĳͬ
һоؼϡڶǣʹϡҲ޷յģͬ
½氵תڹͷų΢ɡղԼȴǿʩչģֻһ꣬û취ĶֲֻԼǧǿǹģϾϰ൱ͬϵ׼ʱ򣬾ʹ˴ġԿٲҩ
ղ֪½ϸϸ˼˸߲ҵؽţ޲½̾ϲ磬ĵЦʱʱϣû˹
½ܵյ˷ܣҲǺģ̫øָаˣֵķڣȻҲݡ
˺ͺ߸˵زߣͨ·ƼǾúÿ࿴ۣЩŮǣ˵ģЩǵ۾ôÿɰСǸԵҴС㣿ܸ¶ôõɫ
ôɣ۾ˣƼĻЦú԰õգǴûô޶ˡ
һԵľ¥㣬мƽиΪѪԵмֳ谮ڴߺȾ֣иż¥NɪĲƼգȷԼûżһƣһƣǶˡ
ǻǵǸɣСǰлԼǸӢܡͷһ۸ڶӡ
ôܲǵã˼ʺпԼҲãǰǵúܣΪǫѷ˵ʲôСȻƢõεģ˭֪أҫС𣿽أ˵Ǹ˭˭˽Сץ˸ţתͷ͸˻Լһﱻ˽գþûʲô˰ɡ
ءС㣬ǶصҿģƲС˵˼ƢСҲƲװģءүҲˣƹٳԹŮȲ˵λС֮䵽ûеʲôͿôС˵٣ˡ
ȥһҲ׷Цﻰ˵ĳ
Ҳ֣Ҫô˭Ҳ̣ҪôƷºõûóҪôˣûŵҲɲЩǰǱȥĸӵܶϲرǻ첻ߵЩпվҪοǰδ޸ദôáҪǵﲻңǺ޲ȸһñӡ
½ʵǺܸߵģرѪԺѾƽ˶ף翰޵СЩȻһ¥Ҳ˵ĻǶ½˸
½˵ЩûʲôѾ˽ˣȽϱأΪ˱鷳һʼ˵סջȥݼЩԷﻹܸͦҳģ磬ͲȷǸճǻյ
û룬½˵˵¡
ں½粻õģҴӲںֻҪ½㲻¸ǣһҵҲһЩ֪ԼǸʲôյɱȲ½һֺͷ
½棺
ûԼ˵ʲôԣʵ˽ã½Ľֺͷȣ½Ľֺͷ
˵䣬ջˡ
ոƹĴкûƴ½һȥջĻˡֻס̵ܶʱ䣬룬ҲҪ½סø˲С
յġԸҲܿˡ
Լû⣬ǼӵĻȴѸٵش￪ȥΪݸߵԵʣҶڮѾ˽գԵλ½ЩеֿľͶ˽˵죬ġһѻ
Уϣһ겻ģҺȡλǼԤ̳ˡ˵ġȤ¡ôĲǵĺø֪
յĵطʱʱ˳չվɫؽ¡

Űʱھ¥˼ˡ
˻û˾Χ۷׷ף˵ȫǸù¡
粻ɺЦ
磬ֵġ


31 Χ
µŹ£žƱСһ, ޵Ƴ˰һۡ
ԾȻһ, ҲžƱڴߡľٶûаѯʵ˼һƵ, ͻȻûдڸˡҲΪʵ类ѹڶ۷壬ϢʱףԲŲڰ˽ʵʱ, ʹΣҲ˱ܵزη塣
νεĲ
һֺһʯ, 뿪¥
Ըһ¥
¥ݹսǵĵطһһӰʧ
ûκע⵽
[ϵͳ½ʲôط]
[ߡ]
ü
ǰ, ͻأسһĺߣָ, ϵͳ˵Ǳ, ϶ûܿ
Եֶκܶ, ʼһҵλ, ҲΣӰһ, û
ʩʩȻջ
ո½µĿͷϵȵ, ڵ㡣ջӶ˺üڵĺ, ˼򵥵ķ󷨺;, вסҪסͻᴥ󷨣ǽӵϣѶȥ
硢ԶЧ
絹ҲûŽȥ
[պ½û]
[½ڵȺյϢ]
Ȼԭʱ
ڵӦȥ˵е£½֤ݡ֮һš
Ȼ
[ָҵ·ɡ]
[Ѿı䷽档]
ǣŲһգһȥ
ԱֳĬȻջֺԤ׵תߣҲûзκʡ

լ
Ųյλϣǰһλݽ޵ŮȻһһʮؽһڡСĹ¡
ϺЦȺͣࡣ
֪̾ڰ˵ʲôͨУֻᵱпձ£Һ½Ľ飬Ǵ֤ݻġ
뵽⣬Լĺɰͳһ壬һֻֻĴָСӣݹȥ
²յӹЦʵС⣿¡
ҡҡͷ˵ףڶͷϣȥͨ
һ㶣谮գҲ˳˼˶ͷϣȻһ˲¶𾪵ɫ
ͬһʱ̣ճССȻûҲԾɱ˲ֱһֱһ˶ߡռʱֹܸͣ߸󣬸ߴ󵽿ɺü档
ѾǡÿһĻ̲סһЦ
粻ɣֿһ֡
ۣϢ󣬲ۣ˵ֱָĹӺδģЩζȻʮ־ƽͣҵմ֮޳ͻתܸ֮һ
Ȼֿǿڴӣظ֪һǳѵõķصصķǿ
ĹķôڱСʱʹôأҲ⻳ɣĪŮ˵滰һ׮ΪС
ռԼҸ˸һϲæʵ𣿡
һڣûȫţѾҡˡؿգ¹شɲ˵Ц
ƲƲ죺Ů׿Ц룬ѹ˵Ůֻ˵еĽ׷ʽû˵
΢΢һ𣺡Ŷʲô£
˵һŮеʱ䣬ƼǶԹŮԭŮҪȥһٵģǡУš
أհѵôŭӣôſ룬ôȥʶ½棬ôĽ³Ԫ˾ȵϸض˵
һʼеԽԽǷŭû뵽ԼĵĶŮЩ£û뵽ԼȻæﲻϣҲ˴ٳɰŮʹİף
Ͳںʲô鲻ģѾ˸Ĵ࣬˵ԼԺڶ½絽ǵˡŮ½罻ã½ŮܶæŮŮ룬ʾԺ󣬾סҲܸʶ
յУֹһ½֣ȻҲܿŮﻰ½Σ֣ûƫ½ŮҲȷһƬ⡣ֻ˵ǲ㣬ۼһŸ׵
뵽ʱ¹ͷ£˸룬ЦȻ½Ӱ࣬ôûֱӴؼѵΪֹ㱨˲ɣ
æ˵½Ů
񰵰ͷҲظ֮ˣ½⿼Ҳȷˡ
ʹˣҲûе˵ĵΪԹȥɡ
æס񣬴˵ãŮ½˽ĵġ˵ʱһ߸ԼҸ׽ʲô˽ģһ߸½淢Ϣĵز䣬½˵յʱܵҴſڣǳԹȥ
ǰȥûмνſ壬ҲһſЩŹ֣˵Ů½ƽཻ˵һΪҲŮ֪½ѾǽӽףᵤʵǸ޵Ⱥ󣬴Ը۸ģȥӭӶԷûвףʵڲ𡣲Ǹܿ½Ů֮Ľˡ⽻飬Ҳ֪ǺֵĽ飿
Ȼ½ΪҲţǿͣҪȥһϯдҲҪʰһСԺ½ѵǼͣдҲöྡġ
պͬ˵ǡ
ŮܿԸȥûã˹ͨ˵иṫӳְţݷģǡǼ
һ½ˣ
ǰһ˵ߣΪȥӭ
ûиŸŮȥˣǾͿǽǵš
֪ôģе΢һʱ벻΢
ܿ죬½ҸŮš
½ܿ½Ҳء
ΪǼ磬ϯܿͰãŮ½ˣϸ½е
ղ岻ϻʵϸ½Ҳ꾡
°˼˺һڻȻЦ
оƺЩŮѵ˵½յĹϵ᣿
ȷЩ½֮Ѿʲô㺣ڿ½飬ҲЩ㣺ʮΣգеĿˣºʱʱչŮ½ǸɿģҲԺŮѻչܹŮԴӷġ
½Ҳ׵ģҲԸġ
һûʲôֺаԣһ˸ò³й
[ϵͳ½Ǳʲôʱ˸ҡ]
[õģ]

½İЧǺܸߵģĿҲʮȷ
һжˡ
ӵϵͳ֪ͨٴŰԸ½档
½ʱգתѧġţһ·ʳǱȥ
ʳǺ³ܽ
½صĿ꣬ǸƭյĹʵۡ


32 һ˿
ҹɫܰ, ½ٶȻܿ졣һֻյС, Ŀбӵǰ, Χһƣˡŵ֡, Ĩܵ, ҹɫ֮Уûκܷ֡ͥŲԵ밽⡣
أʹǰ
Щŵضǰ, ӰǼʹ, ӰӰ, ûʲôʵУʹԺ, Ҳûиеʹѿ
½ƺƵ뷨ѸٿգСﻹֺͦǣ΢΢ġ
գգۡ
˷Ծ߸ߵĹǽ, Ѹ鷿
Ǹ, ÿ칫
Ϊ綼ʵ۵˵ȻҲͨ׻ʵ۲ͬģҲӵصı, ͨ˸ô, ĳƺǡʡ, 
պǸһʱ֮ɱΪߵŮ⣬˵˶޷Ů⡣ƫƫǸŮŰģŮҲûйĶѡȺգʹҪӻʣҲӻŮѹһʵߵԱţŵһʵҲӲ׾ͱɵˡ
½գϢط룬һ˷ϡﱾмصİ˲ͱ½˰ɫζҩͣѾע⵽ǵټ
˳¿ȥ
·鰸֮֮еǣ鰸ϰźܶͼһŷûڴ
鰸ǰվһ̣ÿʷһͼͻϸϸؽ⡣
λ˽Ϫ귽ˣǶó¼ҵŮĺãڳͼ˵ĸ£ҲǶĺŮӡûǲſ׷ء
һλãŸոռǣƳҵĵմŮʲϪӵб֮壬Ժһ˫޵вãҲӢ׷󡭡
λԲԲʮꡭ
λ
Լɤ鷿صˣϵ½桢գǽӰ硢ԣҲȫһ
΢ѡʱٹþּս̾ʱڿҲղΨһѡֻ߱ǵģûбϵѡˡ
еͼЩŴŮͼҪдʵܶ࣬ÿһ˵ò̬ͬɨһۣ־ȻÿʮֳڣʶҲǳԴСļֻǵյԼô˼
°ͣ˵ľ顣
Ȼûйдʵİ¹ǵ۶ҵŮӣйȻڹϵԶˣȴҲʳƵ÷ʳҲʣǸܳɫ֮ŮҲѰҸƵŮӣѩƵģǾǺѴ̼ġҲɵҪѡ¹ⳤʶҲǳڵģð¹ͼϲܴ̼¹ĸ顣
ò˵ʶ¹氮ˣɱƵĹ޹ο滹ȫ壬ĸףνǡҲ̫
΢΢ͷЦީСķ׵ҲԳơʡθ룿
ɤͳȴߵвĵûֲͬ
籾ڵ٩û뵽ȴôش𡪡ôúʵ۾Ȼûʲô
ƫɫƫƫţңܽᡣ
룬ʻô¶ֻλ۴ûʲô˼ֱˡ
ûм˵
ͬʱ̵ٴ
λ˽գ³Ҽ֮ŮĸߣӵңǰЩʱղδ˽ͨ˻ˣڼУ˵Ѿͻơ֮壬һһòΨһ鷳ǣŮ²ΪΪ󣬵Щܡ
˵ʱִ̧ϡ
ΪܡһȻվõģǾˡʶȤʶȤ
̼æ˵Ų㡭
ЦһһŲ㣿
ʼȻѹҵģȻ˲Ϊͼսձ֮Ҳ׾ͱ㸲

ϣڣ²һ䣺½磬˵Ļе⹷ʵۣǹĲ˳ʺ
½ԴŹ֣û˵ʲôֻСۡ
ԭԭûôģϾȻԷǸУҲȫңߣЩ»ûϡѾƵݸǲͬġ룬Լûзϵʲٴ˰ɣ⣬ȻҲͲµġ
½ȴΪ򲻴¸ûϵ޹ءЩӦδѣ鷢ءڷ׵ȨƼµļ壬һҪʲôڵ޷ġᣬܰʵ½ôԿʵǸʲô
һֱ½潨飬ûҲ⣬Ǿĸ½һҹ̽ʹȻͷԼֱ̫ˡ
ʾȻǲܲҪ빬ͿõΨһѡûڣҲһ޹Ůӡ
һ̣ռֺ¡
ҵȻ½Ļµǡ
΢΢˸£ֻҪٵһȣҾܷչøǿܹʼɵ֮ǰ½粻ڣǲҪı𣿻Ϊһ˿ƶñ緢ø硣
۾ܡ
ϸ룬ǼˣʲݶǸǸϴͽܵĵҲãƭΪȫұҲգûҪ˼ֻҪܿǣҲǿʲôΨȨ£ΨҶһЭľ֮
յʣ½磬ڸô죿
½ʵʵڱסˣش˵̹ģ롣
룬΢½˵ԸԼгˣҪֻƴȫɱ˶ԷҪô󻼣ҪӳŪ㹻ĺô
½ͷԣãʸҪô
üë˼ڤ룬̽ʣȡ͹˽⣿Ū㶯֪ʹرܣæŹԼȨͲŪʲô鰮ˡ
½ʣأ
գʲô
½ЦЦڼѺλˣûɣҲѾ˺˶٣ḧյķң֪㲻ȥǨŭʵһ˿ƲǶʱΪ¼ķˡ
ۿ졣
˴³ǣֱ֮ڻʹɱʡɺ˹ˮ͵׽磬ʱѾ´ҡΪɱʱֹɱöûгɣ׽һʵۣҪȡ£ɱȷѪꡣ
ЩȨ˵ⷲ˵ձʿһȺͽȥȻجҲ˷ݽ㱻̤
ձ˳ָԺ鰮ˣԱؾԶ˲ټκ⣬ҲкܶΡ
ɱʣûдʸɺ·е޷飬Ҳ˵˵Ľȫ޹ء
ʲԣһ˿ơ
û뵽½翴˼
ղ޺޵ҧȻģǲɱ
½˵֪ۣѵһĨ⣬ɱҪȶǣŮʮ
˵䣬³
ǹΪһǳ磬ζҲȫ͸鷿΢û˿
ȻҲԼκ˵ע⡣
󣺡ʲô
½ԥǳʵش𣺡͵˽ֻʹ˳ơ鿴Ƶʱ򣬾ͻ֣ᷢ
գʲô
½濴˫۾̾Ҳҹˡ
գ
½ӣתͷȥ
ʧȥǷǳʹģȻںܶǰʶϵһ֪˶ˣʿ»ᷢ裬ȶһԼ֣ô˲֪ʻΪǵжˣ̡ȥѰԼⶾķҵ֮ǰĲȥʲôˡΪʱʹ̼˻ӦҲûõġ
һݡ
ʷԼԶβԺҲ᳹Ľ̵Ůάֳȹ̣ҲշûȨ֣ʱӦѾɳգӦѾһֹ֮ʷˡһ淢չҵָҲҪܾԺʱڣʲôҲӰ첻ˡ

½һͨ΢顣
ô˵治ŰҲԣʱƵŰĲĺݣŰŰеԼҲȱȽǡЩҵ½滹ǱŰıȽ϶ࡣ
ʦͨɧˡ
ţ½գǻʹ˽ȥ
˽λ֪ģù鹦ھʵġ谮Ǵ˽ĺöȫ½սﻷȻ½ùΣ鷿ֻʹʳǡ
ʶӰһֲġ


33 һ
ôŭ, ôȷѪ, ½˷ȥ, պ˳뿪˻ʹ
ͰҲǻȥˡ
ʱѾ˰ҹ½Ȼһ, ûйһҡ
յĹ뷿ʱ, ½Ѵﻷȡ˵涼Ķ, ܡҹ, 㡣
æ֣ò, ½Űɣ, ҷġ
½룬ﻷ˵ҼǵþⷽҲдĶҪʱ, Ȱ˻, ʱúʵӽʱҾͺһȥ磬Ѽؾһ飬биõĴþߡ
æͷ֪, ½˵, ʱﻷ
½һЦϢɡ
ո½, ½תԼԺȥǰɲسԺӵһɨһۣʹ뿪
ıӰʧǸ߳룬ҲԼľӴȥ
°ͣеп
½һﻹͦƵôʡǮҲûʲôϵȥǼؾԺ󣬵õĶǵд﹤Ҳû⣬ֻƷĻ಻ḻûǮչ

峿ŸͼҵİҴҹߵ
Ϣܵ¶һ飬ȴκˡҹʹܵϮˣ˽ⱻ
ǺţӴ˻ʳҪˡ˵һ֣ȥɣ̽Ϣٱ
Ӧǡ
˵ֿ첽뿪Ϣġ
ˣ˱ۣ
ҹ½Ů֪ȥ˺δվŻʹȴ£УǡʾͶŮĻ졭ټ½ʵǷ˭ΪѵҪ²
ھȴ鳩죬ͬʱҲеο
ŮûɱʣǶȡ˽еıǼܷչֳһڶƵϿʮȫˡ
˼ǷԸʹȥ˽һš
ܿ죬½ˡ
ңŵѯ˵ʳ֮£йذɣ
رʹ죬ҲŸףʹյĶߣС½ôδѣôĲôһݵ£ȫ߸
ܳȴ֪ǸŭǸЦʾȻǻˡ
̲סһ½棬Ҳ֪Ǹÿ˼ܿ꣬ǸΪΪһ亹
ֻҪʷʱﲻҵ鷳ʲôֶ϶֡
ǵȱ޳֮ѵҪʲô壬˵ʲôɣ
ջӿĵ£ص˵½ǰ˴æдﻷʵһҴĺöȫǰˡҸû˵ĵطһ㣬֮ǾǮˡ
һֿ½һۡ
½ǳȡ
΢΢ͷǾΪһƣǵûٺö
ͬʱҲ㣬ЩǹǸĸνˣòŸٺôʼ֧ǵģӦҪͶұúͷСʺõĳǣĸҲѧһѧʵ
ŮţҲǶҿţԺ󹦷ǣǲ÷ǰŹҴúġ

ǱҸŮ½㱦ԺļƻʱûʲôֿɿˣʩʩȻŰȥˡ


34 ȥ
Խһ͸, ˳ִ硣
ɲǼ, ؼŨʮ̧ͷһ, ܿ˸, ʿС
վһ߷ɽ£˾, ϳ, ɽ, ɽסŵĴ඼ѧϰʿ, רŵšѹܿղһĻˡɽ, ҲΪɽʦΪһѱõǰѱǡ, ÿһѡϵĵִ, ̽, նħ
ִ, һʱεǿߡ
֮˵ΪĿǰ̶, ɽɵѩѩǷص䣬ȡһ˷Ϊǿ
Ȼ, ܿʹϵͳõϢ
[ѩ۷壬4500㡣𵤺, ﵽ۷, 4000㡣]
[Ƕ׶, ھ񽣡]
Ȼ
Ȼڡ񽣡ӳ¸ѩľ, ˵ֵ500, ѩ϶ӮˣµһλõȻֻѩˡ
ڸ಻ѩɵ׵ķ緶վԵеʱѩ׾ͱˣֻзߵģԲ׶
ɽִߴϱжΪħģǶûһ޹׼ġ֪Ǳƭ𣬴ͷβǸкǸ֮ġԹѹûϵԺûնһ
еп
ŮıʱڣûʾʵջǸνָתӣѩתǸǻɢģϢͳؼмֱڲͬĻϡѩΪʲôϴգΪתϢǸգںммŵǸ
ϵӽ֪ЩģСǧЩ˾ͲܿǰˣֱҲ֪Լȫ֣֮ѩҲ֪Լϴˡϴˡ
п縺ߡ
ֲǵĿˣƷٺҲûʲôϵɽûʲôֵƷڳ˼Ұı֡ο۷巨չۣ˵Ҳ2000ҡ

վһɽ棬̽һֻ֣±ڲ˲
һ룬±ϳһȴţǡÿһͨ
紩߽ȥԸ󣬸һ˽ȥ
ǰһؾŨ˸ֲһ֮䣬׵ֲ߶ޱ
[ϵͳ˵Щ⣬ͷǡ]
[õģ]
ǵģ絽ģǰ˶ۡؾ֮ؾҪԺŻһϿ
һ׵ֲǻģڼ仨ģҪôǻΪҪôǻΪ֮ɢǾûˡ
⣬ʹдʿǣҲֲעᱻ˴ߣеĻڱʧеĿпޣеĻᱻ˷ѵ޷Ӱκ˵ˣҲû˵һࡣ
ֲ⻹кܶԴҲвСĲû˵ģһЩص󣬱һЩȥѡѣܿΪԭȥ̡
ҪĻЩû˵ġ
ȻˣȻߣҲǰԴˣ䣬ΪݲһЩԴֻҪ룬ǰıǰŪҲûϵڣòǸ
ҪƵˣҪһϾǸˣ̰²ԼԼԺ÷ƣʱôѣȡ̫װգ˵Ļǰ֮
Ҫǣ롣
˵˼»ûҲǰԤˣ˼ûҲûر˭ûõŲۣǰغ˼ҵĶʲô
ԺôԺ˵¡
ҪЩû˵ľ̹ˡ
ԼĳɣϺ⣬˻ӡ
[˱ǵĶյеĻȥ]
[õģ]
[ԼĻޱɣ]
[ǵģԼȡҪѷҡп˹ʱȡķҶǴɵһ롣]
ǣǰӵĹգͺһ룬¶ɽʯͻأسһЩӿݵĵط
Żͦҡ
ڸϵͳ٩
[ϵͳƷҪӦģôû˵ҪҸѣ˵ʹϵͳûǮ]
ϵͳһ
[ϵͳĻܣҪշѡ]
ü
[Ŷ]
ϵͳˮ
[ƽֵġ]
Ȼ
[Ƕó]
[˵öԡ]
̲ס䴽ûòϵͳ̧żǰȥ
߹ƬɽּһƬӡ
УؾĶֻбǺͲ֣̤ؾ֮󣬷ϷҵĶȫߡ
ؾͺˡ
Ҳûţؾ߳ȥԺֵһؾǸǧһģͬϡ
һڣͺһؾ
ţ߷ÿһǱغûһؾﻹʢʯ˵ǴֲĿǰϡȱһֲĴٺò˾ûˣƷԺ˵ֺϲоĿˣʱ򣬿ٶĻҲǲõġ
ѹΡǣԺҲ߱磬ҲûͣȤ°룬ִʻĿһСС
Ȼϵͳļӳ£һС
СɽɺԶӵ棬иʮСҾ㸻ԣԼ׼븽õֻܸ
Сڰǰѡǰļ䣬ɵĻ죬Ҳ̫ˣ԰׼ȼ㡣ڰ֡ԼǰʦϴһŮΪӣŮӼǳʡ˵µһ˵ʦȻǰĽŮӣҲ׺̲ס뷽跨ٶȸ˹ȥȻ˳ףҲΪԵʣǸռݡݵŮӱʦߣĨ˼䡪ǰǸѩĵǸùںƬһתԸȫͬġ
綼Ҫ°ʦα˷˼Сɵĸأ˳ŪСֱӴɽɵ棬ǵƬϢԾ
ȻȻģѩܷܿ
СԺΪԼ취ҹѩһ۰Ҳȥ˼ˡ
Լ˼£Ҳһź

뿪СصУЦЦͬȥСǧ磬ӿɾûȤζ
ûж˵ʲôֻƽع֣Ȼ˵´ΣҲ׼档
΢΢һЦȥȻûʲôԡ

ң½òװƷһ˼һ߸˵
Ҳᾡȡ㼴ʱﵽ۷壬ʱȥ󣬼ʹѩִ㣬ֻҪ㲻ԸΪʦҲû취ȻȥǸתҳѩҲ鷳ˡ
ͷʾͬ
˭Ҳ֪λ֮ȻΪͦĿͻǰǽ⡣


35 ִ
ֿ, Աػش磬ɳǿôʱҹ, ɴû, ֱǿ, ˫۾ҹ, ɴô˯
أˡ
бС·ϴһЩ, ñ˯ò˲侪ѡ
۳һһŮǱ߹մȾ˲¶ˮ, ƺҹ·ġ
ǵƥѾƣ, ǲûţǣߡԼľҲ̫ã, ҲƣӦǴ˼ġɡˡ
籾ûǣŵǹȥٴ, û뵽ҲϢ˼ȻǳϢ߹ǿԼǷ֣һ˵˵˽ܻʲô, Ҳεġ
, , кЦʧ, , ;˵ЪŹҹ֪λôƺɫҴңδȥ
Ѿߵǰ˱һϸһ糤ÿ㣬ȻͷЩЩ֣ɴ˴Ͼ׹Զĸɫ˶࣬˵ҲܿνֲЦˡп곤һӾͻ˵ԭСֵܡҵǽˣϷ½δʦֶʶŵСֵˣʵڿǷ
˴˶һˡ
⼸ʿͦȤһԾ𣬼ϡʵǴӴﻷóͳһЩԪع׼ɣһЩ
Ҳˣ̬Ⱥ飬ƴǲȥҲ͸Щɳˡٸ˵ʱȻ̸֪޲޲˵ϸ¡
֪ôҴҵӣΪȥǲμִᡣ
缸ɲ㶡
ִᣬɲǸʣС˵濴Ĳ٣ڴ磬ϸ룬Ļ绹ͦһµġ
°ͣʱеΥͣΪĴҪŮµƷɳϣ֮ĸ鶼ǵ׺дϸһģŮʱ֮ġӴĿǳϵԪعָûʲôϵʵϣĿǰôƽʿжټǺܶģԪعΪѼ书ؼԴȵģ𽥿ʼһЩֵȻҲ죬һεִᣬ˵Щϵ
ԣִ϶ҪģҲۼոǿЩˣҵĶڸ˴ܵʱֵôˡ

Ӻ糯ŵļЦЦлλָ̣ĳʦɽҰǱޣɽʢ£ʵڽ֮ĳð֪Ƿ뼸λͬУ
½ʦˣ˵秣һֱ崺ģøЩͬŲĻģҲʹӦ
ȻСֵܲϷȻҲԸСֵͬȥ
ˣȭʾл⡣
½ʦһЦǶŮһۺҲЦЦ
ĸһ𳯽ȥ
ûȽһƥһΣȵһվʱһƥȻһ·ɳۣ˳˽
˸ϵüҺûü¿ջ
һǮͣ½ʦ弸ˬͬеһ·Сһ֣СҲˣ½ʦæŸסͬջ罻ʱǾʹڽȥܽķ顣
ô飬Ҳɿ
֮ԻҪñߣҲΪܸغǽ֮ݵʱŴֻ֣Χˡ
ֻ飬ִῪʼʧˡ
һ𣬿ǰһ̨ƴƴʿеƵغ˿ڲ衣
ͦˮƽͦһġ
һʼӴĹȼ̫ߣʹϵͳӳ֣ҲǰȫͬģԱߵһ֣Сʱʱۼս˵ʽҪôӦԣЩªЩе㾫ȴһ۾ܿЩʽĹ켣Ҳ˲ҵȷôӦԣжϳԺ󣬳ϽսһȴӦԴ󡭡
̾ٿ졣
һ֣ܻжĸָսֻһظСǻɢд衣̨ԺԵĶĶֵĻĥûôģϤϤʽѡ
չȻûԤϡ
ڿսһ˳˳սʤһ֣Ϣ֣СΪ֪¸д裬ߴϽҲ̨ȥʶʶ
Ȼ󡭡
ݣȻûʲô·ʽȴ׵ؽ˺ü֣һЩŴɵĵҲȤ׷׹д裬ϧɲĶ֡ʤЩɵӣЩʦҲ䣬Щ˱ȵҪǿһЩϧ£ûʮغϣͰ
һʱ䣬ô֪ɽðġ˵ܿǳʿ˽̵ҰСӷͷڸϿ˵ˣȤҪһЩҲͬˡ
磺
˹յȦӣڿջżһԺ֮󼪡
ŵ½ʦҲ£ʧٺͲòӴŸɣЩ˷׷磬ϧ֪⣬Ļһ£Ȼ־Ȼʲô֪Ȼôأ
͸ˡ
˸ֵĳ͢ԱУִ˼һԪعС
ԪعЦá
ʿΪľٶҪǰִٰ֪ģλֿܻ˵ȥҲǲµ˵ģûϵ־Ȼôݳ֣׵ؾͰ˵߶ǣϡ
ԭȿᣬȱ䣬ۼ˿ᣬһڳ͢¡ɵ˽ڻϻ½˽ټһЩˡڣҪһˡ
еĺܶˣֻ¶ԡɽҰСӡؼȤ
ԪعιҲûܷϡ
ڳ͢ԣеֻевģĶϣʲôĸ֣ضᱻ͢ѹ
Ŀǰȴһͺá
Ԫع˼ʱȺϢ
[-磺ֶԲסˡһؾȥ羰ˡ]
[׹-ĳˣֻȥɢģʲôʱ湻ˣкһĳǲȥٰд㡣]
[-磺ǾͶлˣͷټ]
[׹-ĳÿġ]
绹Լ˵һԪعЦЦԸͨ˵ùܣǱѣǼֻܺдȥδˣԲع
ŵ˱ҲǵͻȻֵ̫ǿΪӰֵıɼȻԷһߵģҲͷ
ǣүȥˡ
Ԫعڰ֣ȥɡ

ȻȺԪعк˵Լȥˣʵȴֱӻصջ˻
ڸ߸ߵϣ°ţӺܶƷˣ˻ôȥҲ̫ˡΪԺܶȥطҪǶҵ˰ɣ
ȻһͶʮŰ׿һ֣ȫ˳ȥ


36 ԽԽ
ʮŰ׿ɢʮͬȥ, ܿ죬ʮŻ½½׹⡣
ЩҲôһ˶, Ű׿
, ֳһźɫĿƬ
ɫſǧ磬3-5硪ô˵СǧǧˣǧҲÿһʶǱߵĿˡ
׳ȥ쿨, Ӹ첲, ȴ
ԽԽˡ
˭ƷԽԽأ

ˮǡ
ǰһֲϯȫ磬ȫ֮˲ɻˣʣµ֮һһڻбȾʣ˼Ѱʵʱ򱻴Ⱦã˽, ΪͶأкܶ·, ͬΪ˵һԱ
·ʱڻУ԰, ΪѧһԱ, ھ׵ܲ㸺ѧ᳤һжѧУѾĴ, ѧ᳤ͶAʡصľҲ·ѵˮϵܣɱ󣬵ϾȾˮԴҪڶ쵽һλá
û뵽Լѧһʰоֵʱ򣬻ͻȻɥʬ֣ѧþȻƵɥʬǰԼˡҲҪѧ÷ǵøͬɥʬһֻǴ򲻹ȫһܣѧøɥʬԶбҪҪһ
ۿɥʬצӾҪԼƵȫ㲻ƺֻܵűɥʬץˡȻԼǰһŰɫƬܶϢ
ǧһ֮ʣֱЩϢ˵ЩʲôæӦ˰󶨣Ǿɥʬצͬһ˲һŻɣʧˣɥʬץ˸ա

ŮԷɫŸոʮ꣬нˣǷʱ࣬ȻþͶ࣬µĻʮˣŮʮ֮ࡣ
һգڹ뼸ϷƣȻǰһŰɫƬأȻֻһܿʱˮ¡
ǴΪ⣬ҲŮʣֻ÷׷뿪
Ůʱ˫ķĿӺ󣬽ȫϢü
ָ˵׿ܰ󶨡
¼ӣ̺ˣϵ磬뿴һ˶

ԭ䴦һƬƽԭԶгƬֺɽ壬ȻֲܴɽҲرߣɹһ㹻ˡ
ǲһͨʳˣΨһͨĵطǸ峤ĶӻХ˵ģϧȴΪ˻ݣòܶ۷׷ף˵ХһģǻХûҲʱȥôࡣ
Ϊ£ܾòʳһˣϴ·ҲǴϪһƫƧĽΧݵţĿ
ͻȻ䣬һŰɫƬǰ
ŵߣһСһ£ˤڿƬ档
󡭡󡭡
ʲôǰ󶨣ʵģϧĿİͰûüʳӦʱѹͱĬˡľУ׿Ͷ壬ǰһš
ɴۣһͻȻԼ̺۵̧˽ȥ

»õһŻĵ񻨴ϣָĦŲյ
㣬̫ʧˡɤȪʣ͸˼ȴ˲Ϊʱ˵ʲôҪҰ𣿡
ǰԶ԰׵عŸŮӣò㼫ȴһʤµķ飬ƤѩףƵˡ
΢΢üģ۲ת䣬ջ
Цһڻ빴ңƾҲ䣿
㿴Įݣۿһ죬ĵ˵ǴýȢӣôͲıĴأ
⻰䣬Ҳ¶һĨɱ
ʲôݣԼ֪
ָһõĲյ
Ǹ񻷵ĹߣҲҴʴʣû¥ŮӣһһҰõĲ˻ǹ޲ͬ
ʮױ̧ΣΪԲ㣬ϵҲ㡣
Щ̵ĻɫԽԽ԰ף૿ڣԼϷ̫룬ʮױ̧ΣеСҡ
˱ۣɫƽ
Ҳκ˵СĽΥԼȣҲȥˡ
͵̧ͷؽеˣ㵱飿
괹һУһյˮǮʲô֣ҲգܰҵһķϣԾɡ̧ͷʱȻûйŪʲô飬һ˲ȴ֪ʤ㼸ѹөٿһâ
صڵء
һԣиӰƵ߹ŵ
ذס籺һơ
ض꣬ҪϿһ˿ᡣ
ȻûС
ģȻһЦָ𶾾ƣһ
ϢʱһƺѪ
ʱڽ¶̣ˣǶĽ֮ĶѣҪԾأ
Ըʬȥˣȥ׼ײģ˵ͻ񼲱Уڱ͵֮ǰȽײķպ˵ýƷ˲ţȢ
ǶԺûа
ڰ̾˿Ȼͬ㣬ǰķԸ˺ʬ塣
ֻܲסԼģֻǸףƫҪĽĴˡԭϿֱ£һЩȴ˽ģͼڴ߰֡ʵ̫޴ˡ
ܿ죬յֻһˡ
һ֣ʱ³һڣȻصȥ
ԭһصĵؽѡ
ؽ˷Ƕȭͷҹ飬յͬ硣
ǽϹźܶͬһ˵Ļ񣬵ؽѵмһŴӣ̿īֽ⣬һѾɵĻ
꾲վǰϸϸ軭
ʱˣչǽϵĿմ
Ȼճյϻ˵˵ģһΪ㱨𡣵һУȥ㡣
˽⣬ϵûκ
֪˶ãסǻ⣬ֱǸͬһꡣ
ȻתʱȴײһɢŰ׹ĿƬ
ͫȻ
У罻֮أ
ǡԽ׻ؽ
Ȼۣٴ
С
вУ磬һУ
һҪ

£ħʦԼħԣˮ͸¶Ĺǳ΢˵ħǱܺܵͣﲻҪ
ħʦܾɥǸǳȰħˣҪΪҩʦѧͽϧϸֻʧȥλˡ
뿪ħʦеĳЦ׵ĬĬɭһСݡ
дĺıʼǣΪ˵õĻᣬҲЩлʲôûˣҪٻܾȥһֲ֪ҪѶʱ䡣
ϣħʦ̾˿ƤֽдԼһЩҩĲ롣
һСʱǰһŰɫƬ
ħʦ㶣ǿĺĴʹ

ͨؾͬӵʧɢ̫֮Ǽ˶սͷõ֮ǧǾޱսȥȴⷢǰֳһضİɫƬ
̫ǼûвΣգüͷȥá
Ȼһ
ɲǼ䣬Ϣݶ롣
侲Ҳ¶顣

ؾɱ˼ĵˣһԾ£Ǳһˮ̶
ˮ̶һܱյĿռ䣬ȻһԪʯ󣬰źܶܶĿģкܴİ
ϿűصĺöЦЦϸؿʼѹΡ
ſԽԽǰͻȻһĨһİ׿
϶Ű׿˼ʲô⣿
[Ƿſ磬ſԿ֮š]

ͼƼ磬ʮҵչ٣鷿һỤ̊һߺơ֪ٹ˼ͻǸʱһĲƲϧûһɲŵģǷ
һ룬еſǰ

һ磬һһȺŹͷֱͣ˶Ժվǽߡ
ͻȻ䣬ɫĿƬǰ
˫
Сܸı

Ƶɽ䶴Ѩһߴ³ţᴥһŰɫƬ
ԵĻԵ
һҪΪ

翴ǰˮˮеĴš
½½߽ͬһ̫Եʣ֮дڿʱ϶¶䱸ɫ
Ӻ˿ʼ˽ȻҲ˰صȴ֮ټ
һһЩˣڿ˲䣬Ͷȡתߡ
ֻһλû
λǧĿˡ

ԪҵСӳˡ
λԪСʱ鿴ʱʺܲӴ˾ͳΪԪҵıԵˣǰõһ⣬ûκμԸ
ڳûʵĵϵֵٲԴ󱻷ֳȥΪ֧ÿֻܵõзԪԪţסںѾˡ
Ժһͷɷصͻڽ䣬ͻǰվŸ׳ˣͷƲġ
ȴǽѳƵС棬̧°
㳤ǰɣմѪ͸ȥɱôصˣңŲһѪζأ


37 СүԪ
ԪŲ˵, ͷ䣬Ȼûʲô֣ȴֻһ뷨´ȥɽ, ȥɱֵߵޡ
ԪԪһ𳤴, ˽Ӿ֪һûȥ˫߰Ҳɲһ˿ɥ
ʵ̫ԪôƴΪ˸Դ
Ԫ˵, Ԫûɿ, ĵ̧ͷү˵ûˣһ̫ˡ
ԪҰ˵˵ˣϽȥ˿Ĩҩζܺ𣿶ѬˡĨҩȥ㣬Ҷˡ
Ԫŷģ˵ĵһ仰ǣү
Ԫٿһ, ܶһ飬صƵشš
ǰ, ҲǸĸӳ谮ү, ʲôö, ԪűǸ˶, żȻȥ֣Ԫųøߴ󣬿ڰԪ顣û뵽úʱȻرûʧ߳ĸԻ˵ҪӣѾذ御
Ԫ񶼼ǵʱһĸܣûѾǨլһСԺӵʹǷ׷뿪ֻԪû¼ңʼߡʱʼ͸ԪΪ֣ÿ²СԺԴټˣԪٶȾȻҲԪЩʺõĹС
ףԪŵʿ·ǳãȫһġ
ԪǸˣ±ĸˣͷԸҲûı䣬Ѳ²̸ԪţΪԪŻȥŸõǰߡû뵽ԪŻû뿪һֱߡȻףⱲֻԪֻģݡʡκζûйϵ
ʮ곹ױ֧լԪ󲻽ģԪҲǾԪԺԷſֽˣȻÿ飬ɽȥɱޣٱȡԴ֧
ԪȻԪҵıӻһʲôˣԪǲǳͷġúûţʵǱģֻǣԴ˷ϡҲǲȡġҲ֪ҪԪŶʹԴԪһϣֻܸԪŹá
ȻԪʵˣҲƴˣԼôԴȴͬ˷ѣʵ΢΢ãҪԴԼԪŵʣǿʵʵȡģòÿλȥ˵ԪţСҲԪΨһӵ
صԪ˱졣
ʲôԴԸԪźúõġȻҲ˽ģȻ֪ԪڶãҲûгȰ˵ԪšǲɵģҲ϶ԺԪžͿԸ߸˵ߵˡԼʱʲôҲˣԪǸ˭ߵһġ
ţԪԷ
Ԫ߳ȥһӵĺò˺⣬ϲģʲôҲû˵ÿһЩָʹضԪ˵ʣҳԲ꣬㶼Ե˷֪𣿡
ԪæӦһ⣬ͷ
ԪÿСڳԣżԵԪţҲ˺ܶࡣ
Ԫʰ꣬ԪǻطڴϥŬ
Ȼһػ
һԪŬص˿ڣҧҧ
һСʱԪۣ꣬³
ǰͻȻһ⣬һźȻƮǰ滹һžӨĺɫӡֻаƴ󣬱ȴǰӲһ㡣
ԪһſھͽУԪţ
һ׳Ӱͬһ磬գۼͳ
ԪָźɫӣµԪҿʲô⣬ͻȻͳˣ˵ʲôſġ
Ԫžس嵽ԪԣԼСүָŵĵطȥǣһȷСүЦﶸȻһ־޴ĿֻŸУɤҲɳơ
үҡʲôҲû
ԪĿࣺô᣿
ѵת˺ܶ뷨ͻȻʲô嶯ץסɫӡɫӻΪһ壬˲һ
ʱԪŲŷ֣Сү͵ͷƮһŰƴĺɫӡСүץסӣǾ죬ţ˾㤵鷢СүǰҵĵطһŻƵĶ
ԪԸƣʱҲСүӴҪߵʱǽŵسȥҪСүһ
ԪѣŲͣ£æֹԪŵȵȣ
ԪԪԣ䱸ؿŻ
ԪԪŵĸ첲˵طֻ˺쿨˲ܽȥûк쿨ܸһң㲻Ҫ£ԤУ˵ǸܺõĻᡣһܿĶȥҷúõҡҪҲСĻ㣬Ҵ˯ţ֪𣿡
ԪһץסԪ֣ԪĻһһȫ˵󣬲űԼɿ֡ǲүȥһͺܿµģǣү϶ǻϲȸԾǿԿڡ
ãҵү
Ԫ󰲸Ԫţ̧ųߡ
ӰʧŻҲʧɲǣһ仰˵Ǹеĵطͨȥġ

½հѡ£Ժ½ѴﻷȽգԼȥеġû취½ڴ磬һȥУεĴԽˣȥ͵ٻ200ʹڵ½沢ȱǮ뵽Ժ벻ϽԼڵ缶ֵͣҲǲ˷ѵġ
ո½ֱӽС
ʯأȳһ
ȻоŸˣװ綼һİסǣ˾Ÿˣһߵһһɶ೤ĳߣ
Ѹ侲ѸٵشһۡŶж̫ϤӦöĿˣ룬½ȻǶԵģǻԽԽġ
ֻЩмĸо̫áȻͬвͬĹ򣬿оõģ벻½Ҫʶ͡
ԥһºһݸ߸ߵꡣϢܸɾӺеһվһ˵ƵġԼʱ򣬵õ½ܶ˽İôȻҲͦԵģ͸ɴ¿׳׳Ҳһġ
ѡ˵ȻΪĸйõģѹ΢ģǶǿġ
Ѹ¶Цݣ˵Ŀ˶ſӦðϢˣҪǻʲôĵطҡҲеĿˣİɣǵĻᣬûжġ
ꡪһ㶣Լϵ˰̣ɵ˵㡢㲻𣿡
տûʲôоԱЦЦ˵ʲôк̵ܶƷȥ׾ͺˡ˵ͬĿô࣬ҲǶһӡģлУһжõġ
򿴳յϣ΢΢˿ոյĻʣпԸ̵ĶȥݼǲǾͿԽˣ
ЦŻش𣺡ǵǵģʲôСҪ׵зңҲ֪İɣúӵеЩƷԸģӼʱֱӽ׾Ϳԡû㹻ֵҲûϵ˵ǿģˣͻƵʱ䡣ͻԺ󣬾ԪӣͶˡĻҽ黹Ҫ˾飬ʱͻ֪ԼˣѡѰƷǺкôġ
ϸϸؽһЩ顣
ſ˵ȻȫĿ˵ľ⡣ͣ±˴˵Ľ̸˵
ǶûעдǱ߽һˡ

Ԫ߽УͼһŮڸ˵ڳкֵܶˣȫŮ˵
ҲһģǣȴͻȻһɤ
[ǧ¿ˣ뵽]


38 
Ԫһʶ, ûԪš
طԪŽ
һ, λСүӿŲҴҵسǱȥ
ʹһʼûע⵽Ԫ󣬵һȺķȥʱ, Ⱥս˵¿Ҳٺӡ
ͬ, ЦЦ˵ټλˡ, , ʵλô, Ȼ, ȴΪˡǵһιҪݼģλСӳ, ûеټ, λһ£
¿ǶϸϸſϢü, ֮û, еΪ̫еĻ䱸ȶ
յ˵Ҳ˴㡣
մŽ꾭ѣмֵĶ, λԿſǷ񼤻ǰĿ˶ǰݼԺܿ, ¿˶, ֪ûб仯û壬λԼԼϵļֵȼԺҲԾ
¿Ƿ׷лȻ󶼸Բ鿴
岢ûб

翴ǰһԪѸٹһϢ;顣
㲻쿨ǧ߲Ρ5磬ҽĿ˻ڽ׶ΣԷƷ಻١
λ˵˾͡
Ԫ
ͣ18
ʵף㣩
磺ǧ-5-а
ݣԪϵӣΪϵ
ˣ800
״̬ϸ
ʣ22  
ûǸûþͻġ
ɺϵǣλھеλø׹ͬԪعеơ

Ǹ5磬ǲǸԽУֶμҵһࡣĿǰھ鿪ʼڣѾССĳɼҵõ߲벻Ů͵ĵСİĽ
ʮԪΪնɱһͷˣڻ;ûܱܿߵϮþѶҺƵĽ䣬ǿܿؼҺͻԲˡ
Ԫ󿴳ߵֻ֪࣬кһֺҩݿԽⶾҩû򵽣ԪҲûܵõֻýⶾʱԪѹƶԣȻԼɽȥҡ
ҹԪҵҩݣ˭֪Сذ£ΪæľɽԣñԪһҩݣҪԪ˵Եɣʾ󣬵СȻҩݣ˳ɱԪ
ԪʣԪһֱûҩ̴æȥɽѰңȴԪѾҰ޳˴ʬ塣ʱԪžͷˣ󣬷ǵСģɵСļ岻ԪҲܳĵŮָ֪Ԫҡ֮Ԫһֶʵڴﵽһ˵Сļ壬ͷСȴߡ
ΪСԭԪԣԪҲΪԪԣ˫ԪԽԽǿ󣬳Ϊиʹˡ׻һɱ˵С㣬ɱü󹬡
ȻbossˣԪҲǳbossboss⻷ҫ£ٽֵʱԪŻɢǰԪ֡

Ԫعκİ¹⣬ԪǡɡԪŵİ¹⣬ϸ˵Ӧڻң˲50֣ƫƫд˵ΪǶӰһֵҲԪع200㣬Ԫȼߺܶ࣬800㡣
翴о飬΢΢ҡͷ
ǸĵԴɱҲûʲôɱԹģ˭ԪأΪ˸Լʹȥҽҩ㻨ҹʱ䣬òҵȴͷð˵ᣬⱾ͹ùˣԷû˵ںذɵˡҩݶԶԷ˵ѹʲôҪĶϣȴǺ˲ĵġ
֪ԪȿԪõʬ壬ٲ鵽һоôܲ裿˵ͬǼӵܣԪҰ㲻ԪģԪűʱȴֳ˵˶òЩˣ˻ߣԺ󼸴ζɱ
ǡ
bossôˡ
λĺСҪ֪µҲΪһССһҩݸԪŽ𡪡ֻеѪѣбҪ
Ȼһжˡ
ǿʳ£СҲ̸ʲô
ƲƲ졣
ǸϲΪƵˡ

ԪҲԼſ塣
Ϣԡ
ӵмֵƷ׾1200
Ʒɷ1100
һƷս800
һƷսɷ800
һƷ2һƷ5׶3Ʒ5Ʒ5Ʒ4

800㡪10/
Ʒ10顪0.1/
51/  
ƼƷ
پҶ֥Ʒݣؿáֵ1200ҡ
ڴݣƷҩݣܻǿǡֵ3/ꡣ
ۡа顪ϸֵ10000ңֵ1000ң˲ϸ
ͬλͬвѯ
ƷѰ
ϵϢԪǵɴֻۣ侲
Ҷ֥ݣֽ׶ʺʵĶɼ⡾ƼƷĺֻܵǶ˵ҪȴЩ
ԪҧҧˣҪϵй
ֱʱԼԪҵϵһȴʸѧϰϵһĹǰҲԼĹвˣȴ¹Ĺܶ๦ڣЩʱ
Ӧԡ
£ԪϵһֶȻ13400ҡ
ԪԼƮܶ壬λ֮ߣ˵򼫼ľ顣
ͻˣҲӦûܻüʮģΪʲôֻʣ22ˣһǱ˴ɱˣ˭ẦΪʲôԪΣȸ
Ȼķ˲1000ţſע˳Ϣ
Ԫ۽գͨ죬òҰס
ôᡭ
ӾѹԪͷǺ촽΢΢ǸС߰࣬ȴȻЩ
ס࣬쳯˰ݣ˵ˣ뿴Ʒ
ЦЦһ䡣
̨׿ռ䱻򿪣Ԫſָʾٵؿ粽ȥ
ôҪԪʵİ취ֻҪʵ㹻ǿ󣬾Ͳ׵ɱǡøԪһжԪҵĹȼ̫ˣȥµĹԪţʲô˲ģŮɫǸöԪűǿˡ


Ԫúпͻжͬա
𣬿ͻǿν֮档
룬ûŽŴﻷȻصԼʮˣոս˵ʱҲй۲ǣȻȥ½硣
¿ǻͷȲ˳˵λţȽȥ̽̽·
˵ͷӿŲѸǰ
һ룬Ŵ򿪡
ͷ¶һĨû˿ɵ˽ȥ

翴Ź̨¿빺ͷü
ͷѾʮ꣬״̬ȴֻúãѾϻˣٹͻȥ
ˣǸ0ĵλȴһ㡪ǸͼƼbossֵ900㡪Ҳֻ1000ѡ
ǸͨĴУ԰еŮ£ŮʶڸУһѧһѧһһС̫˫鳤ܣֿط긴ϣϲ
ѧоģΪ̳ڴѧڼѾооӻ˥ϡоĹȡһʿԴﵽЧڸúܴ󣬻Ҫʱһо֤ܵóۡ
ҵڰʮԺѰķü궼ûнչսżȻоĽչͼõʣоȻͬ⣬ϾͶȡ˰ɺȻŮвΪûܴԸͼаըźܶ˸һ´
Ȼʮʱ
󣬼ʹһֺͰģҲʲôϵĸ顣
ͷʱΪ˷Ҳ֪˶ٺĵ£˷޺ѣҵ۹ֶΰ޳ܡɫǮɫ㣬̣˺ܶù
ĿǰӴĿͷƷӵǸ
ϺһƬҵ
ۡ
пŽ磬ǵõƬĶĿˣΪԼ̫£ʧңھʱͶеĻءΪһ˾;ܾԷĺס
ҲǿˣҪȷʵǺĽס
絭ڣмֵĶֻˣǷ۳ˣ
ɲŪͷȻĿƼмֵģͷԼûоļֵͷдҵ飬ǿģҵ鲻⣬ֻҵΪṺЩҵķȸͷҲЩȻڴҵڱҲᡪҵôܽƷ
ͷԼĻҲûʲôӵеЩ֪ʶȻӣȴȫγƷ
ȥɲֻЩ˿
ڼĵһʱоˣļֵȷʵֻˣƼƷҲֻ˿̣š֣βסԼĿϲ̰ѿڶҵˣҳۡ500ˣ
ޱһץ
ϵȻһŽɫĹâٵˡͬʱϳ5000
磺ÿ500һ꣬Ҫ
ʵֵ100/ܾ꣬˵ĺףȴԷ屶߼ۡ
ϲ֪ЩǾúܱˣµȫ
ָһһɫâϵ塣
ͻȻãԼ˺ܶ࣬ڶظо˺ܶࡣ԰ڿٻ18ˣЦе㽩Ӳ18Ҳ̫ˡ
ͻȻʣ˻ʲô󣿡
ͷϳɾҲزλ֮ĲϲԼƽﶸȻ˻ɡ
Ȼ֮ϲ˳ˣ᲻´ξ͹ˣִ֮ƴȨһСӡһʲôԵʲþܾһξδˡҲһ֮ҲأҲ´λ
񽥽ЩＤҵš
УܰϣһϣһҪ㹻
գ̰ͻռͷ͵̧ͷ˻ɤ˵Ҫеˣȫ
ûбķӦץˣ˵4000ңȡ8
Ͽ˿ԼƤ¹⻬˺ܶ࣬Ҳоˣ̲ס¶Цݣظ󣬲Žɵ뿪
ûҲûϵǰƴĽɽڣȥвҵǮ㹻ңʣµĶʮˡкܶʱȥѹοĶٽУٻٶܶꡣ
ȻԼûע⵽ȴܿϸԵĺ⡣
ǰͷҵȴܻڣΪԼboss񣬶ȫȥ󡭡ֻͨһࡣ
˲ͻᵹùͷûˡ
򢣬ȴһˡ
ͷûҲͲ֪һҪۣͻǸƽ׵֮


39 飨
ͷ뿪, п½
һԿʮСǧ, Ĺ, Ҳû͡

Ʃ1ԭʼ, ˷Ϊʳʳ֣д𣬲ʳݵ˲ӭȢ, Ըʳ˽Ϊ˷ܺ
Ǹڻ, 峤ĶӻХף˵ĸܺ, ʹ, ХҲһֱԭƫƧĵطϴ·ʱϲХܼԷ֣עƽˡХҵʬʹ, ѰҺ֣Ǹںȥһˤһ˴Խ, ˸峤һӻɲ, ȻХһɺзֺѾܵܽˡ
ХֵܷĿɷ˺ܶ鷳, ΪХûɱ֤, Ϊܶ๱, Х˺岻ɺ, 䡣屾ûǰļ䣬һμǰµкԸΪԭľٶȴöԲХ׼ȥѰһХʵࡣϧХΪ˱𲻶ս׺Ұʵҵ֮ǰѾ˶
ȻХǸֱˣȻΪ򱨳ȴҲ̸ʲôbossҲʮѡ
̫ûʲôмֵĶڹѯʹһЩϢҴҵ뿪ˡ׼ȥХ

ٱĩ磬ҲǸ1硣
Ϊµȫ˿ڱɥʬʣµ󲿷ͨˣٲֲܾܡͬʱֲﷴõЩͬӵܣЩǲ졣ֲɥʬţȴͬΪС
ӴˣڼзУΣ
ĿͻǸӢˬĹǷŮ
ԭ齲һŮȻ˳أͷü߹˺ܻܶ¡޿̲ụ̂ܿһõ³Թ֪ʬǵûил󺦵ûзɥʬץˣҺججһֲŻָǣɰ˰ʬֵȻԵػǸǰɷ򡪡ĩоʶöԷԼѪҺоõܻɥʬķɥʬȫĶֲﵽƽ⡣
ֵˡܣܴ֪ЩĶҲǴϢȻȥ׼Ʒ׼Ժ
ڵɥʬˡ춯ֲҩȣӵһֵƷ

һ2ħ磬ᰮҩħʦΪħǱܵͣʹôŬҲûܽ뵽κһҩʦĸѧϰֻܻѴʱԼо˺ıʼǣٲĵȥ
ܶ󣬸ǳСׯͬҩȤħǱܸܺߣΪûԸ̵һħʦıʼǣͨѧϰȴͨħҩƿʼ۵ǮƣõʶΪպĴҩʦΪԼȴԵʦרȥоħǱܵҩӴħǱҲˡ
ħʦڵһβʧܺ͵õſǴżҩģȻÿһֻܻȡʮңɴܴϣȥԺҪŬҩټܽʱҪﻻȡǱܡ̥ǵĶǡãؾѹεƷࡣ

ֱһŮΪ0磬ŮǸ編⣬һΪĸֲϻĸĹ֭ŮӷûκôǵӸŮӽ֮ǰ£һʿԻϺӡ
ϵͳʵӺӽǰù֭ù֭һҲ˻ϺӡǸӺӽϵķǳ٣ĸŮԳû˷һѡ
Ů署ǺɫŮִ£ѹµӸãĶᱻѹΪӹ޵Ůһ۲ԵҪȡλҲĸӶôֱλϧĹύ˲òͲŻصӣǺǼİ£ƷĸʣԼλ
ӶǺܰϧģҲԹˡ
磺
Ŀ˾λ򵥴ֱŮʣҪάòҪ٣ûΪ˲ֶεĵزûˣѡȻȥѼĸĸ
Ҳ»
мֵƷĸĸ

ȻӴһߡ
ھع۲˺ܾú󣬲һ˳󣬼ӿߣǰõټ
翴ߣ˺һ
ͨ죬÷·͸解˵ǳ֮仹һĺɫƣÿһ鶼ͬī񣬷·֪ĥ˶ٱ顣
һѾǻ۲࣬಻ԻεҲףԾ»ܶ꣬Ҳ˺ǣܹԶѡ
ľ飬ط֣ڵо飬ǡûо顣
ԭһɴ˵2磬Ȼ۹Щ̸ˣΪҲܷ磬ڴߣǿҲǽΪ͵ȵĵһϻкܶoɽس䳣֣֮࣬󲿷ֶǻβȫΪѪʳģһ̸ָ˵һ»ɾɣ˼鲼˵oӻ壬һֱڡ
綼ͬǣͨһǹᴩһߣٺͺܶ˵˾ۺһʱεĴˣγһеĽ֡硭ͬһĻôһС´ɣÿС¶еԪǣеԪ֣º͹֮Щǣеʶģеδʶ
߻Ũ治ʲôѪǸҪɵûгκһСҲûо顣
翴ɣе˼˵ǣ
߱мֵģʵѾӽһףٴﵽ1000ϵļֵֻԼÿʮ궼ƤȫϣÿһΪݺƷʵĲ𣬶۳һķҡߵ߶ӵмֵӵмֵѪӵмֵԼ»ķʽڵġ
֮𿴳ߵļλӺܶ࣬Ҳͬܲ͡ǿѪһֻ࣬ҪţֻĽƤܳѪܵҡ
ƼƷһλ
ӹɣǺѪ


40 һ
Դп, ѪܻӭƷ, Ҫԭ׵õԼ۱ߵİ˽ƷСǧĿͻ, ֻҪҧǮ, Ҳܴյ1ҵ, Ʒ󣬻ȥԳϡãܴʵǿǡ
ǰĳڿϵϢ, һ˫ҲʱںѪϲˡ
ʵϣѺѪɱҩĿ, ҪѪ, ѪôҲԶԶˡ֮ȻΪԣٻΪ
һ2Сǧʹ, ƷҲ, һ԰˽׺ӵѪ, ֻͨѪҲ㹻ó߻Ѫɱˡûܽɽ, ΪһҰԣѪʣ, ˵һλ, ֱӻ
֪, ȻҲпͻжԺѪġ
ʻ󣬳ǿѹסĵȲ˻˻˵ѪСҪѪȫ
ųߣͦкøУͶ˵仰лһЩѪϼֵȥ׼һЩ
侲ͷ˹̬ȣͬʱҲ˵Сɰţȳۡ
ͷӦɡ
æſڣģиСռ䣬ɡۺԼһЩĶȫװȰɶ˳
һɨϵͳѾλ
ɿϣҲҩãҲλϡϾҪƵĶ۸Ȼܸҩ൱ԾͰλչ
ɣֵ630ҡ
룬Сĵ³һĺ«аֱ۳ƽʱҺʱģȻܵʱ䲻Ҳиٵˡ
׶߶һ«Լֵ400ҡ
ϵͳѸټ˵ġ
[߶һ420ΣԷΪķݳۡ]
ͬϵͳжϣĶҺҩҲãҩã׵߻Ӳֻڼֵʱ䳤̶ѡƷÿ100ξ㹻γһƷˣ۸ǿ400ң׬ͷ
߼1000ңû³ʲôƷٴοڣСҪ飬ȫ
ƼƷĵڶǳڡ¼ľ顣
еŹ֣Ҫ飬ǲܾġ

ÿС¶֮ĺ޺죬ִǱ磬ݻͦޡϣ̫ʧźá
ߴſõȫ飬ʧһģɶԼȫھ£ȴ൱⡪о٣ȫûȤ
ѸٻһĳЩʾĳЩɽʲôززߴʵǵʧҲɢˡȥЩ鰮Ĳᣬʵв޵ϢԽ˻̫ԣȴܿࡣң֪ÿԪԺҲܻرΣգʹѰԴʱЩԪǣҲԾԶ֮
߹䲱ٶ񼸴ΣȻ˹ģظԼٶȳȥ

ʣµĸ˷ֳ
иСڽڣϻˣԵúǱҲΪ̫ãԶƺһֱоԼſŬϢԸ˽ûκȤ
и»õòվһˣͨɢһ־ǧ룬ͺһһռ䣬κиĤͬԸκο˽н
ʣ˶ӡ
һߴӢҲһҵĹӡͷڷԺϴźЦݣһֻڣҲ壬ûһط¡ҪԲͨ׵ĹӣƤʵ̺ǿ
һ̬ͦΣ಻رãɿþȴһͫڣտȻ񣬴ǲ̫۵ģϸ۲ͻᷢ͸һ˿ɱǸܲǵˡ
Ӵյͦģ˴˵˵ڽʲôϢǵıȻûԵر׽ҲЩģˡ
˶źۼעֻһĳͬһߣβѼʮֻԾ͸¶ԵĻϲ뼱СǾ֪һǰǼһҲõҪĶ
ڣǸСǱվųصĽŲȥ
ˣ˾Ͷû
ʵĿǶûݼ֮˳ֻÿ˶ˣǲ̹ȥʱͣ½Ų
Ǿһƽ಻ͻ
СӰʧӻһۡ
֣ȥɡ
ҲãֵϢҶٽһ
ҲǴ⡣
˶Ի䣬ǸòĮʲôҲģƺҪп˶뿪ſ϶һ
ӡ̫ǼϴòƳ˵֮ӡ󲻲Ƕò͹۸Ѱûʲôӽ˼ˡ

翴̨η꣬е㷸
  
ͣ  14
ʵ  
磺Сǧ-2-ͨ
ݣ  ޼ҳ֧մ
ˣ  30
״̬  ӵ©֮壬޷ԭĿǰаˡ
  2꣨  
޼ҳ֧ļǰӵĺӣϧʱѲƺʹ顣޼ܿӭȢڶӣܿ½ĺӣڼ̷ռ˸ճλӣ֪ǹõġ
©ƫҹ꣬ͨﶼǻޣȻҲкܶͨˣӵлʵĲˣȴûлʣ޷䣬Ҳû취޼ûʾʹûδĸ׸Ҳûжעʱ䳤ˣڼĵλһٽû˵ʲô˽¾ʹҲΪֺü̷˺үЩͬ޵֧ѶԵ֧ԴļʶйϣС󣬼ûһӡ
ҺԸͣСʱż깷뿪޼ʱõһλͨеķӽ̵Ȼʱ̣ܶ澳б̬ûΪʱ䱻ĥһ̲ࡣ
Ȼ컯Ūˡ
ϾͿһڻͨǸϲĲ٣һСô׵ľš
ͨǸͨڻң̷ǷĶԸģĳɳѾʩעˣȫǹԼĳЩ˵ӸԵ¡ΪĹϵԼޡʵҪ˵йϵǸıСãԺһԱ˻ٱ֡
ʱͷֱӸ߸ϵ֮ȴΣǴһ˿
ҵʿԸ𣿡
Ȼ۸󣬵ܻúúõģҲǺܴġڿмʱȻԶˣȴʼ䣬ռϢ
֪ǰĿǶõĶԻڴҲ֪󣬳˸ϢῴƼƷȴûпһ˿Դ
ԸţɻǵùǸ
ţʶڸϵͳ
ϵͳûͬʱͶƼƷȻΪСӵе㸴ӣƼҪ
[ҿ⵹ù˵طϵͳҿڴ򿪵Сʺĸţ]
ϵͳĻشܿ졣
[һʺϵģƥ̶]
[ǰǧƥΪ70%ƥΪ90%ûнӼСƥΪ95%]
ͷ
[֪ˡСȻͷһԺδûиʹʼҵɡ]
ҲƵʽͬС죬ܽҲһ仰
¡
ǣ紹ۣɤƮȥ
ĵһ仰ǡ
㲢ûлʣ֮䡣
͵̧ͷһĨϲ
Ĳûлǣʵʱûмѵ˵ܹʲô
ĻĲ²⡣
©֮飬ûʼ֮ڣֻ󣬲ܴڶ忪飬ܵĻʲó磬Ҫ޷ȡŻᵼɡ
ɴۣԼ˫֣֪ʲô뷨
Լʡ
翴©֮УǾŵʣԶʤϻˣƷѡϣȸƼ顣
ȭͷס
һ飬©֮壬ȻȻ򿪣Ӵ˿һѡصƷ˾顣
ڶ飬©֮壬ռ㹻ķңȡĻᡣʱ㽫Զԭ磬Ӵ˳Ϊĳľ񡣡
˵ʱ粹ѡڶȴռңĿǰѾͨĸ磬ЩĿ˹ͨѰǵİ߽ԸĿ˵ĹӶ
ϸϸ˺ü飬ҧأġ
ԼϤģָһΨͼ޼ңȷõãҲٴαҴѹοԴӷȥûκֵκһ޼ˣöģ
ôҪѡڶ


41 ѡ
Сʣ, ҪҪִۣ
΢΢һЦСǧ, 1ңǧ磬ʮǧ, 򡣡
˵, Ȼһ¡
[ϵͳҼǵúڵҲ磬©֮Ǹ粻ƥ]
ϵͳ졣
[ƥ60%ûƼֵ]
Ҳǣƥʾ͵ģƥԽ, ų̶ȾԽ, ο۸ߵġ򣿰ҲֵǮǺӿ, ˼õӣ, Ҫһƽƽš
[ȻûƼֵ, ԺҲгɡ]
[õ, ]
߸ϵͳ죬·۸, ɫò԰ס
ļʶܶ࣬ʶ, ȻǴǧӵǰ, ͬҲ, ˵հ򡢴ʮһƾ޼ҵĵλҲܴ㡣һѡڶ·ֻ˵ĹӶǾٺõʣҲֵһһȥȥǧ磬ǧʮͬǸСĿ
ҵؿԼ壬ȥֻĸ˼ֵ
ˣֵֻ30㣬ֻʣ2꣬һ©֮塭ϣ©֮Ķǣ5000ҡ
ҵš
©֮壬ҲֻԸ5000չѣ˵ʹǾŵʣҲ̸϶ôߵļֵҲ1Ǩһ磬ԸӶ˾ѾǸ˺ܸߵļ۸
ʵ֪ͨ˵2磬ÿһƷĵֻ5000ңôҪ׬ǮģչʱȻҪ㹻ռ䡣ͱһЩ׶⡢ʵֵ5000ҵĹչֻ2000ҡ
ʺ϶ģǧǧ綼ãôʱȻ߼ۣŻ5000չ
˵ʵڵģˡ
ھҵ˼ջǾԼǸĵ磬ѡ
˵Ը˵ĹӶָ㣬ҪβܴԸ
ΪɬѹûӽȺҲ˽ˣ֪ôϵôѡʵ͹
׬Ǯ£ǺĵģǸͣҲὫ˵Ϣ㣬ֻͨܿԼܹӶԸͶļУƼƷһѡƷƷϢн硢ĻϢܹӶĻпҪӶ㣬ңԼʱ䣻ҲΪ˽ĺѣǢ̸ȷ֮һҼ֤֮ǩӶԼתĻѡ
÷ǳϸһһеҪ㣬Ҳ侲
ЦЦҪʲô
Ǹ֪֮ˣ֮бļֵһʣΪпˣǩԼͲᱳѣΪпˣܹӶǿԸԷ첻۵ġ
ôͱõҪôܹӶܻȡԷԸ⻨Ѵ۴ߣỨѴڻԺõüǾûл绹ԼҸļֵˡ
Ŭ˼ɤ˵ת磬Լڰһʵ˵⣬˶˵ԸӶң룬ҲԲȡַʽһ֣һ׺ѻȡԷԴܶԷκֱָ˫϶ԷķѵķΪֹڶ֣ҿԽܶԷӶҲύԷκλѣԷҪҵĸҲĸĴȻҲᾡľͶԷ
һڴӦԡȥŰɣпԸ㣬ȻϵһʱȲϢҲǣԺлῪͨ磬©֮磬ܹϢ
ظмޱȡ
֮߸ϣĴܼʹĶﶼȴԸΪСģһУܲܵõʵĹӶر֣ƻеĹء

ߺϵͳϢ
գۼ䣬ѾĿ˵õſѣֱСǧ硶ǧ硷ǧ硶аǧ硶졷ûСǧ磬弤ʱϢͻֱӳƼƷ

硣
ո½桢һڸԼ׽쵽кȻʱûгƷ½ͬΪҲÿʱ
˵꼸վӡ󲻼ѵģ½̰Ǽ˵סҲĬĬʹܽУҲ˽ŮõϢ
һʱͻȻ䣬½еſһæſ˳
տԼſûӦʱ½磬ôˣ
½忴˿ܿߣҲûգһ𿴡
ǿģһ߿һ߶Ҳܿ׷ʲô
պ˵һԸܹӶĿͻҿ2ͨģ14꣬ʣҪת磬Ҫǡ
ֻ꣬δţȻתƵͬֻҪķ1ңͿ԰ԼһľУ̫ˡ
ճ½ЦЦֹӶʽҾҪ½粻ȱԴĻǿѡһֵġԺȥ綼ԴҲпˣᱳ½硣㲻ӶùһЩ˫ǮҲ׬
½ҲȫĶϾǧǹ¼ҹˣҲ⣬ʲôˣøʽͱһֵΣܶ鶼ֻԼ졣һʵľŸֻ֣ҪǰڸһЩԴ治ӶҲ˽ԵˣǶཻһѡ
ֻ½滹пǡ
ָ·һнܣ˵ƥ70%Ǹ⡣
һ㶣ʲô⣿
ʶ࣬룬²©֮ȻǾʣһǧ磬ƥʵ£Ҳֻܷ߳ҡ
½ͷǰˡŴۣ㻹ţҲѸٳɳλ˶ԣǧ粻֮ѡ
˵ûʲô۵ҲǶ໨ԴдΪСΪǿԵģӦùáֻҪԷɵ綼ûײѡǧ硣
ٵȵȣλûѡٳֲ١

λõſѵĿˣԪɨһ۾̿ˣʮң˵ôЩǮҲֻỨԼԪϡ
λӡ
ݺǧɵľںӾУſţһҲ
ſ𶯣Ҳܼע⡣

̫Ǽ½ݼ֮
翴ǵϢеЦ
λ2磬ŮöˬĵӡҪ˵һ֮ӣΪܣ˼޵һɢޣϰԻɱ
绹ʺȥƥʶﵽ95%Сˡ
Ȥǣ˶Լϵйؼ൱һáûʲôõĶǹƷ顣


42 ý
ȵԼ, ̫ǼȰݼ֮ûȶ, ͵֮ͬϡ
˼ͬʱڣΣ
漴, һЦ, ñ˴ʮĬ
˴һ
һǵȻ͸ñ˴˺ĬˣȻûиԷ͸¶Լ˶ٷң΢һԼĶԼһͬоſ塪λĿǰʵĵȼ, ȫѾһˡ
̫Ǽпͬһ, ǿͬȥԵʱ, ӦҲܸˡ
ҲоʵԼǲ̫ϲָ߸ϵĹӸ, ǰλȻӦϵ, ǶԷ̫, һеţŲ˷ɡο, Է˵ͦ˼ġ
ͷʾͬ
̫ǼϵķӦ, ĺá
Ǹؿ, в̫ϲ, ͱûҡòԼƴĲݸǶӾԶ֮ҲͰˣƫҪ˼һǴˡӵȷã±ûңԴҲǰ˴ƴԹˣβϣܼӻɳҲӵΪ˻Դ˼Ϣ
ȻҲǲݸǵȱʵԱȤ֮
һЦȻԼͬģڡƼƷһƷϡ
˵п˽ܹӶ
̫Ǽ˵תľ񣿡
ȻЦˣô룿ҹ¼ҹһû취ġ
̫Ǽҿԡ©֮ڼ伮أһԪʣٶҲ죬Ϊšҿ˵磬ƥʴﵽ95%Ӱ΢΢ˣֵ
ţô¶
̫Ǽȴ˵Ȼֻ˳ְæ׼ӶֻǡС
һ˵Ҳǣ̫͡˵
̫ǼԼ˼ߺЦڣʮǲѾɣ֤ܱѣĸ貢ֻĶѣҲǵȲĸ֮ˡ˴˽пˣеڣ٣ֱӰ磬ɳ֮󣬻ҵıǮɣʲôʹֱ˫ʵء
ϵ
ʱҲԹ۲۲죬Ҫλп˱²Ը񲻴ֿ¾ͻʩչЩֶΣѶԷչˡʱ򣬴Ҷͬһˣʹſ֣ԷҲǱȲλġ
Ȼȥ̫Ǽϵ棬ֱӸϢΪ˽ĺѣ˵ӷø50ҡǱƺһֱڵȣͨٶȷǳ죬̫ǼüͷһǵӦùú׾ݣǸɴ˸һ˽İ¡Ҳÿ100ҡ
һºǹӶǲӶǲתƵһˡ
ʱǸʼվŵò꣬ŲŲȥ

¿˵ˣЩ΢
  
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磺Сǧ-0-Ϊ
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  10꣨Ծ  
òԾģʮòʵѾˣֻһЩҩƹڻڷҩһֱ״̬ǻġ
˵ľͦѸһ۵ġ

սӵĽһΨһ£ǾһϷ¥ӳ꣬Ϊ¡
磬һֱʹ覣Ҳûкڹֻϧ̵ı̫ǿ߸ӹ뵽һΪΣյľأ˱ǰԼεʮĸԼİ뿪һ¡
ʮĸԽĹϽµָ־Ľ̵Сһֱڽߡڽԥ뿪ˣĸȻ̰ɽǵȻҲӣһֱꡣ
Ȼص۶ȴ򵱽ͶϣһжǽԼһֱŮӡȻ䱸Ҳ֪⣬Ͷһ߱ɱϷ飬һ߱ŶԽĶЧң굱ūʹ
ԺݶԵһӣΪΪõĵӡΪȨͼȾָȴȫֶδݻ٣壬û˸Ҵ⣬ҲԽԽ֮ޡ
ã¥һȢΪޡԭϷʱͶԻ⣬ֻϧɼֱռ
鴫鳯ãκλŹһͻ񼲶˺ý̤żȴȢһΨޡ
Ϊĸǿ꽫û˿ǿȴɽλ̤ʯ޷̡껹ѽӭȢ绨죬鵽ǰزԽ潫ֵȻҪ뿪ʱȴ֪ܣýвԽʹ飬ȴҲֻ£ʹ
ܶ˶ʹ꣬нĸǱֻҪôΧɱѰĴ֣̿͡˺
켺ͼºٽƳնɱƽϢԹûֶΣһ£մȾѪȣһȨȴԽԽ󣬵մմϲʱʵѾˡ
ڼ䣬򵱽̫ûΪǰսҸͶγɵֻԼܣϵҲֻ֪ȨֻЩѢֱ֮һ·ǲŻȻѡ̬ص˵زǾȻһֱڹ
ʱʳǾڳŸԿȴ˵޹ĸ¿סİֻվߣѾ廨ĵֹ˶ơ
񱻶อʹû鴤ľٶš
ȴĮؿŮֵܡлȫ޵ȫͱ
Ȼظߵ׳ϢҲĻҪ¼һ壬߸ϳãΪ
Ŀ
ʱ򣬻ʹû˸ҷ󿪹ţĸǴķĹǰԭ֪ĸ˽͵˽ʬ壬εĵط
ûиĸǶ˵ڷĹǰؼݹڿĹ򿪹ײģͶȥӵסʬѳ顣
һУĸף˼ڽʱ򣬾Լ齫Ǻôģԥ뿪־ٶֻΪ˸ĿġִһԼ˽ĸ֪ӭȢ˺㣬Ҫ˶Ŀ㲻ˣ̸׽ףǮ˻ȥ
ڳʱʮױƸ񣬻ϵֲǺ㣬Ϊĺȡʵڴʼ뽫İơӭȢ㣬ʵϰʱߵݵĶǺϵö񻷡ǽ͸Ķ
ûʲôӭȢ㣬ӭȢʼǽ̧Σ̧ŵĲö񻷶ѡ
㻹ܸɣ걾ѽͶΪ֮⣬ȴԽԻȡ֮˼˽¶ƵƵ߰֡
겻ϣͼȾָ֮λС˺˸ƺġޡ
ĸǴѣᣬڸǵҲ½ȢӣΪλĹ
겻ֻЩ
ϣǵҳ̰֮ܵȨ类ԸЩЩ¶ñͨſһֱ˴ѹЩܹĥ۵Сְλ
θ󣬴ѡ˼ƴյͷ찵й۲죬οѡ˰ˡм汸һ˷֣Ѹٹ볯ãʧ
ѡеˣǲ֮ӡ
֮һֱ֪Լ˰ȴ֪˾꣬ѸٻѾϵĻʳر󣬹ʹҲѴ֮
ʹͱ˵ӣ˳ҵʵ۵޹ʵѾɱлҲɱ
֮ʮִǻ֮󣬴һЩзΪζӡ°ն϶ǹʵҳϵ߹ʵȴˡ
λ֮ӵĵйȻܺãҪ뷨ӸȻȴϷ飬רʵۣҪ¡

ҲͦӵģҲͱǸ֮ӵǿ֮ӿĶǳЩֱӿ飬Ķࡣ
ͱ磬ᰵļһǲһ䣬һƶ˻ʳĸ棬ͷβǶӰ֮¡ٱһûͬģͦĺ¶ƵģʵҲôġ
СϷ¥ʵôںǵ¶ӳϷ¥ʲô裬¥϶ԿĽһ飬ʱӳȥġ죬ҲûŭýܸĿġ֮ûôɣΪ֪ԸΪ˱̣Լ
Ҳ˵ĸܣĸĸǶûɫżᵡǽͿһЩĸ뿪ǷҪǱɣţ͸öߡôϲôòȻǽûı־͸
ں°գǽںڸȫҵͬʱҲ˲ţƽظĳѡںյӢǡ
Ҳνˣǲ޹ɽνԼʹΪȡŹʵ۶кʱ뷽跨ŵһ˿Ѫֱӻ߼˶Ǻܶ࣬Ҫ˵ȫ޹ģһҲûСЩȫû覴õ֮٣ڡ
һѾ
ûݣ˵ɣ̸ϣϾǺݣûߵ¶ûģϸûҵҪ˵ϲԸֶΣ㻵Ҳϲ
ڣһվ̨棬ֱͦļʵҲ֮𾴣ѹûʲôη֮ģֻΪ˴ĿĶ̬ȡ

᰿Լ֮󣬵һʱ񣬵ڶʱȲطʡ
֮ڣǷзý
ϢĳĬ
ǱˮضűֵӰʹʲô壬Ҳͼ͸ȥ֮顣
еͷۡ
ϵͳûиģһķӾ˸ûõʱֱӸıҩĿǰûôĶġһķأȰѻҵٸһ塪ϵͳȻ󻹵ø
鷳ľһ
һãǣҪѾתأ


43 껹
˼ôǵʱ, ʮΪᰣȴͻȻ̲סٴο, ͸ŷ૵˵ѵҲûз𣿡
磺
, ٲظһҪ谡
úõĿ˽һзųȥ, Ҫӵģ
ڣİ취֡
͵̧ͷʡɵ桱ԼõĴ𰸣ҲС˿Ĵţµˡ
΢, ˵һַ, ǽǻڣ԰Ļ, ȵʱʱ, , Ǹˡڶַ, ǽѾתôҪҵת֮, ʵʱָǰļ䡣
תÿ죬Ҫѹôһߴ, ɲѸ˳˼·
ᰵͫ׽
ԭ, νַ, Žڵ״
ԣת˱ȻתӰ죬δػǰǸˣʹָ䣬ҲٴǰǸˡȻϣûתǲĽǣѾȥ꣬ûתļ̫Сˡ
˱ۣᰵ׻Ҹࡣ
۾ټѾˡ
ᰵֹסطڡǻꣿ
ۣһۡ
⻰һûˡ
ᰲϣŵصȴš
Ժϵͳ˸к
[ˣҵİɣڲ]
ͨ鹦ܵϵͳȻͨ󣬼緢ʺӣ͸˻ش
[ǻڡ]
۾һ
[Ŷģ]
ʵ˵᰸оһ㣬λǺкøеġλһӾûв̤Ψһ¶ֵҰ˩סˣҲƻ°ɡ
[ؽ28걻оսڱ߹սϣӢǣңɳսûɢ뿪˽»ؽСǿִǣ֮£ӢС֮УЯӭȢ񻷣ؽӢֱִǣ񻷣ᰰáùᰰЯӢ˼׳󣬿ڵҵ񻷡ݵλмľӣҲߡ]
[Ŀǰ᰽Уؽܽ룬ڵҵĻС]
[ҪжᰵǣҺᰶִ棬ѳһֻء]
簵˻һһʱҲ֪ÿһһ񣬻Ǹ˵һִǿҲǹˡ
ǻڡʱҲӡ
ᰵһ̼ܱų
ԡ棿ûôʣʣҪҸøִۣ
൱ֱס
ؽʵҪַ100ҡ
ؽ壬ָǰ״̬Ҫ1ҡ
ؽÿ1Ҫ100ҡ
ǵģ˲˵Ҳ飬ֻۡ
۸λ˾İ˴Բ֡
۸λôȸϽǮȥ
᰿Լ壬ϵ˷ܽȥ
Ϊ0
Ǹơ

ǸĿԵˣΪ˴Ŀ侲ᵽ㣬ĿǸؽôмƻҪҲǸΪ̰ͶɾջȥԺùûͷһת̾͸㶮˵ҪԣʹôνҲûˡ
ֻ¼⣺
˼ֵΣ
ֵΣ
ָ֡ɫ˼ֵΣ
书ؼֵΣ
磺
զѴӯӯʵ۶£ʲôӢҲȫ£
ȻΪ˿ǺϷģǷģҲͷеĹءΪ˱֤еĻƽ治þܾ
ֱ׵㣬ܾܾ
ԭܼ򵥣ôֻ࣬ġ˵ǲԺԵҲǵҩҲǵĵҩҲԵҲǵĲŪĶҲҪǺоٵЩƫƫ岻ô˱˵ģĿѵ͵һȣ
⣬֮żԿԣȫƾԼϲþͲˡ
ԣɰͰ͵ػش
˳Ҫһ֮裬һ˼ٺ󣬸ùήٸֻֻں͹ɵĴҵ˵Ĺ˵Ŀϡ˼ֵ20ÿ㣬һ˶ݸù
ڻϣҪҪû屾׿ڳŵָѪתơÿһ˿ֵ10ҡ
ֵָּոʵ𣬼ֵ150-500֮䡣0ɫԭжϼֵֵͨ100-300֮䡣
ؼļֵƷֵ150-500֮䡣
õش뿪úԥ
翴ߣĨ˰
˵ϲһɣԭġ
ڵ粻ͬĿǰڶˣֻǺִƼǲ˿ģӶȵ磬ϰֽȻ
磬һ壬ƫҲȻȻǵ֮˿ڱͬǰ߽ãԺ߾ô˫ꡣ
û˵ʲôʵڸ˽ʱЩرܵġ
ͱڸʱֻСӶʵ˿ڣʱӦĽӦһġ˵ҪʱֹӶʽڶܹͶԷĸʵǾεġ
ǰĿ˶û˿⣬ֻᰣȻ
ܻɣһǲѡʮҲںڣø඾ء
ԵسĬһ
аɣзչڣرûõģҲó㣬ֻǵķȣҲֻƫ塪þԿһͬʵġ
ȻҲΪһͬʾͰԼɸеĿܡ

ӴʮˣѵʱʵܳľˣĶҲ࣬е͵Ĳ
ڣԪ̨׿ռ߳ʱеס
ӺŷӦˣԪСүǵһģ궫ȥѡƷˣһѡѡ˶߹⣬㱻Ժ
ԪҲе㾽ȵġ
Ϊ̨׿ռʱͦģǣѹһƷû
˲򡭡ΰ
粻֪뷨Ԫ󹧹վǰѡƷ
Ԫ죬˵ûС
Ծ鿴һ壬ȷʵûСүĹ¼ѵǰƷϸϸٰѽܱ
Ԫôˡ
ûзŭҲû¶رѹ΢˵㣬ڽͣƷڶ࣬ۻңʵڲ֪ѡŻȥͼһ
Ԫӡ󲻴ľ飬ӦþԪˣͦá
Ȼԡ
Ԫ󰵰ӴЩʳһĥ˺һ⡣
ǷԴͬУ
̲סЦſвû£û뵽ĻǸõӻͦġ
ƾſֻܴһǰ
ԪͻȻתúܿ죬æʣǲأǲǻ취


44 µƷ
ַָһָһ, 2ҸһŸ, Ҫŵ󶨡˿ʱ, ܸннףҲûκܡָڶ, 10ҹһſ, һӦܶſͬ
Ԫһͣ10ңڵȫ, Ҳ1ͷѡ2ҵĸ, ûпǹſĹȫ, ǿıãֻΪеĿ, ޿ܡ
ûϵ͹Щ, ôĶ, ҲȻҲŶԣܵ10ҵĶͿĻԵ, ׬
繧, Ԫˡ
Цһ, ̧ȥ
һ, ſָ˿ͶС˼, ſ̫׵õ, ļֵʮϳſۼ, ÿǿ⣬Ҳÿ׵õ
ȻſƷڽ׶Σǲϼܵġ

Ԫ뿪̯ơ
ģһû˵硪ۣܲ·ҶɿƵģϸͻᷢʵǱϸһɼΪصǿջ
磬ֻ֡ľľں϶ɣҲΨһԼĵŲⱧǿţԼĺֺ·
ֻϧķŭ
о仰ǡһ䡱о仰ǡһȥˣһں鶼û¡
޿ɷϵǣں൱ҲһֲСԴ
ҪôŲѾܾˡ
ںϵúܳɹǷֱںϳɹ÷ҹעģŴ˺ܶ౶Լϵͳԣչ硣
˵ٻѾ򿪵κһġʶ
˵ʶԣ˵ǿԣ˵Ԫԣ˵Ҳԡ
ܹиǰᣬֻʣʶûĴڡ
ٻʶ֮󣬿԰ʶϽɹţֻҪҹ࣬ôôܱͶݵκһȥתǸʱ򣬱ǰĸģתԶΪľˡ
ڸúʵͲһ󵨵뷨
ãԸȡ֡
ͽС
үү
ܶʶ棬ûнֻأҲǲģҲִҲʲôԭ򣬵ΪǻǵǰºԼӵе֪ʶǷǳõʦ
Ҷ֪ʦ˴ҽ̣һԼ׳ɵ֣үү֮ܶӵүүģ֮Ҳ԰Щǿߵʶٻףһүү۲ҵ
үүԹӶҲۣӶЩͳӶ˼˼ͿȫЦɡȻˣүүܹԺõӶͿ֧ǹںϵˣҪĸرϣӶĳȥǿߣҲԸһַѽٵȻˣҪǿҪүүǸ㹻Ͳ⣬үүҪԼǮԼҲǾ仰ǮС
ٻүүǣƷҲĿˣ˵ܿʹĴУ;˵Ǻܹ㷺ˡ
λ
°ͣ룺ӦԸž۵ģҲӦԸүүϡȥԺ󣬷ͬŬͿȡˡ

Ԫһ̤дţӭһӰֱס뷴ģɿŵؿ̫ϤˣϢҲ̫ϤˣԪԪڷ룬ҪԪʧôãҲһܺ£͸ɴûˡ
˺һԪ̧Ԫŵıһѣ˵Ҷˣ
Ԫγѣګګطſ֣̲סصشСүüΣźүû¾ͺá
ʵǸڣԪ¶Ե˷ܣԪϣ˸߲ҵض˵ԪţǸģ
ԪŶԪúܿ죬ڵȴʱ̫ˣԪ뿪ǰµĻ˺ü飬ÿһֶ׽ڵȻҲԪ֮⣬Ҳ൱ȵģ˵ǸԸ罻׵ĵط˼ǡܶ𣿡
ԪͬصͷԣǺܶ硣ҹȥֱȥݼ֮ˣҲܶˣûʱǽ
һ˵һֽűȻţԪŰ¶˵˳̨׿ռﱳĶȻһֲٵظһ顪ʲĺãҲڶ̶̼Сʱȫ
ԪϸţŬشѰҶүָõĶˣСĵؼסĬкü顪ļҲܺãҲڳΪĥǵķɡ
ƷԪСһ壬ľ顣
㲻֪ڰݼ󿴵壬Ϣˡģұ룬ٲҲܻܻʮɣ˭֪ʾֻܻ22ˣ
ϾҪ˵Ϊ˱궫¾£ûڣȱԪŵɫŵס˿ڡ
Ԫţôˣ
Ԫ֣͵ץסԪֱۣץúڿԪץ۵ӣ־ŵɿ
үԲ𡣡
ԪźٷԪĻҲϰ߳ĬԵúľګʵ壬ҲǸܴˡ22족ݺͿеΣգԲһʱûܿסźͿ־塣
ԪûԪðԼԼʱ뷨ͬеԪŵְο˵û£ϾͰѾˣȻǵǮҪʵϣҾ˸ģҲûϵľŶеġ
ԪŴԪĻ˺üİĴʣڲ⣬ԪôýӣڵĻҲѹ
Сүúܺãûµģûµġ
ԪԪŵ̫ãذ֪ľһһʮгܽ᣺͸˵ˣԼһ˻㿴Ϊû˸ҲֻȥɽҩǸŮӡ
ԪŵɫѿȻ󣬺ݺݵ˦Լһơ
ԪϽץ˵˭׼ԼˣҶû
ԪŴͷѾó죬˻ɤ˵ҵĴ
ԪҲùָͱ£˵ˣ֪żһһ㣬ȥˣôôҸ˵ſңа󶨵Ŀˣ㱻˸ˣҲܱſģʱֻҪܵķҹ帴ġԺˣԪû˻ԵȥΣյǸ
ʹˣֻҪܵǮһܸҲһſʱģȥĶУҲԪ߿ɫˡһ㣬һҪȥԴǮģ̫ˡ

У
үү磬׼ٿһ̨׿ռ䡣
ô˵Ȼ͵֣Ժ󣬲źøٻ¶


45 ؽ
̨, ͷһۡһ̨Ѿǹռ, үүĿռ俪ڵڼȽϷأ
[ϵͳ취¡]
[õ, ]
ϵͳشһ룬Ǳһһ̨׸ı̬, ˳شмֿ߸γһƬȥĿʯ̨һֱͨߣ, ͨʱչһƬƽأСݹ߸ߵ
, ռʹڵһߵʯ̨
˿ռҲٽ̨׿ռ䣬ʯ̨ռˡ
һͺ⡣
[ϵͳҵ˼ˡ]
[ͺá]
統Ȼ, Ťͷһұߵʯ̨
үүϵġүүǲҪӶʲôӶǶҪ˹ͨģֵʯ̨, ԽԽá

ʯ̨ռ, ããһƬ
[ϵͳȻҪ, ӣ]
[õ, ]
ϵͳı仯ûиܵʱ, ǲҪķҵ, ֻգ۵ĹͲƮһƬˣǽ̤ʵءƬķֵء
ߵƬصģŸվͷϵͳ൱ĵǰһӡ
[лϵͳ]
[л]
СŽߵѸϡ
簲ȵվһ˵ģ˻⣬Ҳûˮļ
ⲻ֣ҲǸ̶ãĳɳҪĲʲôˮǴķ
һûǲС
ôúŪ˰
үүôߴϵƷϵУɵȿ˽үүǹͨʱȴǵĻСѵضšǲǱƸ̫
룬ϵиĽ
[˵ܸһ̬𣿾ǸɺܴӣʵǲûأܺƾС]
[඼γ̬үүҲԡ]
[УҸôһʶûܹͨҼǵõ˵ûõ״̬ɣǰǾżģٻˣϵͳܼ]
֪ˣ0Ŀ϶ûģϻܶټͲȷˡ
[үүĿǰ״̬״̬ٻ0-3ʶûǣȵѪӡǣһ׹Сɺӡʶӡǡ]
ǰĻͬصͷ桰һ׹Сɡ󣬾еΡ
ʵֻҪܳʱ䶼ģֻǴӵõеҲûʱ䣬ʵܵðͰô˵ɿѾӴˣʵһǰÿϵͳʱеġ
ĬӣԺҪʱϡ
ȻһָһѪϡţһϸϸݵУҲظо׽С
ˡ
繴ǣٵÿļҶƬ˵æƬռɲɣ
紫ϸʶ
ɳɡɡ
һ˲ǰۿɼطٳûϼӾѾ˲ľϱ鲼һҵʸУǾһȻһ壬С
ͬһʱ̣оھҵطƮƮԭڵص䶯ѸٵſȥϵͳٳĿռȫռ漴еĸȫ죬رֻ¶һֲã֮С
ҲչȥγһƬƬɫǣÿһöҶƬܿƬ׺֦ϣϸȥֻᷢǵıԵͣɫ͵أþˣ·궼ȥһ㡭
°͡
ȷԸ˺бƸӣǰɣе졣
һŷӦⲻϵͳһʼֳ̬𣿳ɫҶ״һرư
һת־ͦõġ
Ҳãϵͳ̬ȷʵ䲻ס˵ġ
ϸ֪үү֮ϵԡʵֻ֦ģĸǻû̬ͬʱҪ죬ùעķҽȥ޵ȻǸһֵġ
ʱһ׼
Ҳٵվүү·ḧһġõ辣ڣϵͳͷ籨꣬ʼٻؽɡ
[õģ]
ϵͳĹͨǱ縧΢΢´ǰ˵ļҶϣһСƬɫĹ㡣
ƮڰУٿȻͲ֪Ͷʲôطʧˡ
翴ЩҶ΢΢ڴ
Ź˼ʱ䣬ǼҶ֮䣬𽥳һõġߴӰʮӹȥӰ𽥱γһƻõĴڡ
ؽӢꡣ
绹ûüλ׳ʲôסۡ
ȥ

ؽؼң14ʱսΣϸ߹أӴǰ14꼫뿪ɱһա
ˣ˵ǹҲ¶һ⡣
ԣ⧲֮һۿȥƼľǽ⡣
Ǽֱǲá

ؽۣ֪ԼΪʲôôֵĵطӲʵ¶һĨǵԼʱĻѵʱܶݣÿζܿսĮһһ첻ġ
ؽס߹ʮ꣬ײǸɵӡ
ʱѵʱݣĶ࣬ѾԼЩԤСѵþˣͷᰲϧΪ˺ܶ¡
ǰ֪Ǹܴϻ۵꣬󿴵ĶȴᰲǴϻ۶ѣĺʲôں
ǶԼˡ֮˻ǵˣǵᣬֶľ
ؽ֪ΪԼᰱᰱһеĳΪᰣʹᰲȫΪҲɷŲᰡ
οۿд»飬ǵĶá
ź
ǰؼҾ֮ᰣٿΪȴףؼұҾӦػա
ᰵֶλڸǵȻӹľ£Ѿˡ٣˾صļӲͷϳᰳֶԸģٰܰסУֻҽ
ܿᰵı£ڳ·ҲᰲֻߣҪȾѪȲ볯Ȱ棬סĵ׵һᰵĽ飬Ҳױ֮ס߹أҲܺᰰͷء
ֻϧٺҲûˡ
ؽţʹ᰿ԼһֱߣȵʱһֻҲáɾڲǰи֪ᰵ˼飬ȴ˲䷢Լص˻Уԭƾʧ
úܣҺüʱ᰻ˣɻûˣִҴ뿪ȥ֪ô£ȴ鷿﷢óֽƺҪдʲôʱͻȻһİĵط
ؽսĽ֮ɫһٵع۲Χ
ȻǰԶһŹε޳Ӱ
ͬʱԼһþϡ
Ϊλһϣ
Ѳɣֻ֮


46 عʵ
ؽɲʱ, һɤ, ɵõͷȥͼǰŹӰ߽
ԼҲ½, ڹӰǰʱԼ֦Ҷӵ, ھֻвһߵĵط
ŹӰ˵ؽ, ӭС
ؽѸ侲, ԲӦ䣬ڣδ̸մ
Ӱ˵Ϊ֮ؽɡ
ؽֻԼľޱ, ؿڣ, ֪Ǻε, ĳΪλ˴
Ӱ΢΢һЦؽؾ, ľ˼, ֪Եɡ
ؽ, , λ֮Ļˡʱ˿, ˽˼

ϵͳεǴ۵Ĺ½, ſؽò
Ǻܵ͵佫ģߴ, òӲ, е, ΪѧԨԴԵ, Ѫ뺷͸һɳȡ
֮ܺá
ᰵԸ񲻼ƣֻվһͦġ
ؽӡһֱڼ̵ĶԴУǺܲʹλֻǸ0ˣ˵ʵȻôȼޣһʹΪĳЩ˼άϵƶǰҲٺðˣʱûΪ͹ˣǸеĺӡ
¹ӡãҲһͷʼˣЩйĿǰؽݵϢϵͳһԵع

ؽܺãڴϢӿܿŪڵ״
иûϵȷʵԹ֮ٻģٱڹŵֻҪܸ㹻ĴۣǿĻʱģԸ⣬ͻΪһƷһеĿǩԼԺ󣬾ͿͬλߵĽ̵ֻǿҪһַҽйӶӶԻе߳ɣٱõǣҲԼԼлתΪеĿˡ
ЩеİӰؽ⣬ô侲ʱҲ¶һĨ𾪡
һֱΪݣȴû뵽ȻиĻᣡ̫˼ˡ
ɺܿ죬ؽָֻǡ
йͨ磬Ǹ0ͨ꣬Ϊʲôᱻ֮ááүүٻмֱ£ǿ²Աע
֮ǰͻȻʧͻȻֵᰣ뵽᰺ѵ÷龰ﲻи²⡪ᰣеĿˡ
ؽĬȻ˳
ĳˡйأ
翴λͻأɫĽЦЦ˵еĿˡ֮ΨһҪľؽǡ֪ǻڣȻҪ뽫ǰһˣѯʽԸ
ؽԸǩԼΪݾүүϵƷжۣȴĿ˹Ӷ
ؽ˱ۣܹᰵ⡣
ңҲ븴Զһ
Ը⡣
ؽµɲǣǰһͬĶչ
ϣдϤ֣˵ϸԼݡ
ؽڿݵɲǣԼô۾񣬴һӡ
ǵӡǣһ˿ǵڲϣǩڵĴ
ǣС֮ļ֤ؽʽΪүүϵĵһƷͬһʱ̣ؽҶɢĹ㣬γһ롣Ӻܿʵֳһöӵ̬ؽ;ڹ棬ֳۣһְȻ״̬
Ӿǻ
ڰסؽһ˶ߣǵؽ۳˯֮Ͳϵ𽥱Сع֦֮ϡ
ţ֦辻һֱա
ǿҲʻɫȴ֦ɫĻͨĹһ߹֦ͷˡ
̧ͷ˿°͡
᰿϶ܿʱ򣬾׼Ǯҽأ׳үүȥá

ӴеĿˣ
Լ֤ģҪɲиˡ
[׼]
[ˣʼɡ]
ɲǼ䣬ĻעģٶתŬذЩֱǸƵСɡ
⣬͸޵׶Ƶġ
֪˼Сʱ羫㣬Щʹʱ򣬲ֹͣ
[ϵͳˣ]
[Ѿ3Сʱ2852롣]
΢飬ϵͳʱǸô׼
[Ҽǵñϴκнɣ]
[ϴʱΪ3Сʱ1732롣]
[Уȡ´θһ]
[ף]
Цصͷ˸뿪С
뿪ɲǣԭڴĻΡ

һƬͷԼĴϣƺǸոϴġ
еˡ
ܸɾɾ㻯ϴˣԼûϴ谡ȻһѾˣϻûʲô۹ģôϣܻǾеŤ
ҪȥϴһҲ̫˰ɡ
˼ţ̨Ŵ򿪣˴߳ͷʪģһëɡ
˳ŶȥϳԪ
ֻǡ
Ҳû죬¶ˣӴĿҲˣٿԼѵʱ򣬾ȻЩĸоеİ
ȻôİԪرɴŸ첲ôһİоʧˡ
Ԫ΢ʸУô
Цŵ٩ÿ
ԪĴϣ߲ͷ߿˵Ҳÿ
ĶԻϤζͻˡ
ʱúɣԪÿʲô⣬ͦġ
ԪҲûʲô⣬ͷ˴
ʮˣ˯
ǻ﷢ĴӦۡ
ͦ񣬳ôе˯ˡ
ǱԪû˶ҹɫ
쵽賿ʱ˯˵ۣ滹ûԱߵԪڳ˯ʶһٻ˻
Ҳڴϡ
»ĶͷϢѸٻصС
ʱҲյ⼸컯ľ
Ժ΢ɡ
ͰϿΣǸԪͬͬǸԪ̸˵صʱ򲻶ࡣԪƺҲûʲôԣѣĽ٣ҲûţֻͬѸʱ˸һȥͼݿϡ
յ֪ʶҲȫ䵽
ѸЩ˿
ûӦˣ˾ˣҲԼѾɺѵԪǾͦǸġκԪȥһٺˡ

Ŀβ࣬Ԫվú磬ȥϿεʱѻû𴲡˸ǿβͬҲûȥˣһˡ
κԪȥУ档
Ԫӣûܾ룬Ҳ⡣
ڸ̳ĵ綯һ飬ڵ綯¥¿ڱõĲԹֱɫڣǲŻص
ֻǲŸսţͷţɳϣɫͦÿġ
죬˶
գգۣôˣ
ţšü˵Сܲˡ


47 Сܳ
ˣƵ߽š
Ԫ, ˳ְŹϡ
ʣôȷӲˣҼǵˡ
ţͷ, ϴһ˿־˵ۿʧġ
͸ˡ
üʵô£
֪ô
ԪȥһˮţɳһߡɤԵͣȴûʲôҵ˵
ΪԪ綼ֵú侲ţ³һ, ҲƽһЩ
Ȼ, Ͱľһһʮ˵˳

СǸְܳ, Ϊͬסţ񲻽ְҵֻҪû۵, ÿ춼С￪ֱţԴǴ뾵֮, ֱҲܸȤʱʱҲСһ𲥣ֱ˸죬ֱҲ˲˽⡣
ô˵ѵڼֱʱ䡢ܸƽһھѵΪ˲˿Сֱʱ͸Ƶˡ
ķ۾þѵڼֱû˼ߥСܸʱȥ㻧ֱرһϰĴۣǸ, ˸µʱ, Ѿֱ˲ٷͧ, Ŀǰռ˷˿ǰ, ʾҪֱҪСġ̼ġ
СֱôãҲСⷽȻҪˣҲǸø˿ʵģ˼ȥ˲飬ҵ˼ڱȽĵط׼Ȳȵ㣬ٹȥֱ
ǡСܵרҵζ࣬ÿ춼汼һطȥòײҵһʵĵطҲ׼պûΣǵطֱȽԶС˯Ѻ͹ȥˣţС˵ǵطҲСһֱϧרҵģʦҲҲֻεط
һιȥţ֪Сܿ쿪ˣʹʳô򷹵ԣҲջţСദûУԺɴҲţһ𣬾֧ѵҵˡ
Сصֱ⣬ǡѰࡱ
ŵ۶ĳɽɽһӷСȥЩȻŹ⣬ѾǷܶˡеϹȥȴᷢƻͨҲָһҹߵĹŴС塣
СŹҲʳƯƯСϹȥЩƯ˸ҲŮӸһȥҪǶŮӣƯСǳ죬ĵдסޣҪһһŮЩΪѸƯˣŪ·֣еķˣеͨתΪŮѣ߾ֻͨһ桭
Щ뿪ʱûصԺȴήңô˯üܻرЩˣе뾫£еľ͸ɴಡһڶûΣգϹȥûҹСˡ
˾ǣ¶˲٣ṩƬȴһҲûСЩﶼ˵С￴ƬõģɳԺͻ֣ᷢеƬúģǵʱӡ
Ĺ£ܿСΧˣдʣ˵϶޹˵իڵģ֮˵硣ȴûжۡ
ܶ˸ȥһܶ춼ûҹ﷢쳣ɽóҧñؾûж˹ȥˣǸͦӣҲֻżĸ֣ȶԶԶȲڵʱ
Сȡôֱ⣬ȻΪ򣬱Ѱҹࡱʸ̼ʾǣ׼ȥܲǷʲô
ͺͺһûʲôͷܿ꣬С֮Իѡ⿪ΪѾڸҵһЩ㲻ľɫԼǲʲôҹõСӵģŪͷοͣҹŷ˿ǹһȦĿĻ׼Щɫյģ˿¡

ţĨеɥҪô֪ģŷҪֱǰ˲û˼ҲûʣˣҾֱӿˡ˭뵽أǸʲôӾȻġ
ͷϵСʧģ˿ʱ䣬ڸհ˵㣬ûãǴӲҹ𣿡
ţЦӴӦ˿ҪڴڣװŪʲôֵ󡣡ô϶ڱ仯֮ǰҪȥ

С͵˴ǵҪյʱȷ˿ǾۼҲû̿ɽʯͷϵš
أɫԽԽʱƵߵ㡣
СܴʯͷһЦֻһ
үϺã˧ֱ䡶߽ѧƪ˧ܴүһ̽áҹͻȻֵС徿ʲôأЩеǷ˼į޹ƬΪʧһתԼǲôƯСӡүǾעҪϵʽ1˧ʿһȣ͸үǣߴˡ
һϯĻ϶ʱĴ͡
󲿷ִͲô࣬յҲмҷͧȥЧѤãСֵܳĿ϶
СǸϲֵˣһֱѾˣֻɽ˽ȥ
ȥüˣ涼ǸС壬ؽȥҲ⣬еô΢ӳ龰ƾСһ仯ҲûУôƾɵġ
ĻˢܶʧĵĻС֪Ҳû⣬綨õļƻӴڵĵһӿʼߣһߣһ߻СĴݡʽȵȡ
ʧķ˿ǼСܿʼ͸ɻҲӦ
СĲôûþѾһС룬СϾֻҲͦ۵ģƵñһֻһʹ˽˫֡
ͬʱҲʱʱٿǽשϲдľͷ
ȻСܶʱû֣ǰ·ͻȻðǰ棬ԼԼͳһЩƻƵĹͬʱС̧ͷϵı鶨ھϡ
Ȼֱˡ
ţȫǿߣǸֱ䣬ȴָȥǸֱѾͣˡ
һӦӦɽͻȻˣźŲãţ˲뵽С׼ֱʱǸСɽӣ뵽ԼǶĵϸСܴ绰ôҲͨ
˵׻ǻſźŲõĲ²⣬ûֵ̱һܲϵص¼ֱ䣬һֱͣţҲһֱСֻܵţʼû˽ź⣬СܷԼֱͣҲ뿪ɽ굽źǿĵطȥ˰СʱûӦͲܡ
ţžã϶СܳˣҪ̱
ȴסţ
ⷽȽ˽⣬ֱô˿϶бģǸŴ绰Ҳǵ£¶˻
ʱţŴ֪ԭײҪһֵԪǴûˡҲѹ֣ܻôڡ
ȥţҪ绰û֮ǰԪûˡ
Ҳڿ翪ŵɲǣţѿڶһ䡰Сܲˡ¡


48 ޹
ţ˵ȫ, ĵһӦǣյĹ
Ȼ˼ǸҹСɽÿܻ̳ϲ²һҹֹ, ǰʲôĶǹ, ͻȻõķݣܾܿǹ֮۷
û˵, µҾ;øϵ, ԰ɣüŪ۵ֲ£ִǾ͸ʲô, ЩľͿǹŴĹôйӵķ飬ôִ
ò˵ܵķǺеġ
תԪô
Ԫ˵ȥ
ͷҲ˼
ܵ׷ʲôͿСѵķ, ҲӲġ
ţԪô, ҲѪӿһӾ˵Ҳȥ
ʵҲͦȥ, ɼţɳһѣͺȥʲô, Ҫ, ׸ġʵ, ÿСʱͨ绰ҪϵˣҿȥҸ취˵⣬硢Ԫ鿪ڣǵطͦԶģҸǱһɣ˾źãλϴڳ񡣡
ţһͰˮѪҲǣȻİɣ已̥ģȥˣǸ׸
ӾͽˣҲעⰲȫǧǵùһʱͱšҪʲôܳģǵ绰һû
ʾ֪ͬˡ٣Ǿ鷳гˣǾ
ԪҲͷ
Ĩʲô٣ⲻǺ𣿡Ѹٷ˸ųȥλϴģѾˡ
ھѳֵʱѾϵԼ˽˾˾Ķܿ죬ǰѾˡֻҪһţܳ
վתߣ²˳٣Ͻİɡ
Ԫûһж
ܺţҲһš
Ϊ˽ʡʱԼĳȥţǾԼͰﲻʲôæˣܸ͸һΣǸ˼
ܿ죬һ˾͵AУ⡣
ɧܳͣ棬ԶԶǣѾ߿˹ͣԺţ֣ص˵λϴǾˡ
ڰ֣Ԫһϡ
ˣǿȥɡ
˾ǸܾɵˣڳϺһţѾ쭳ʮԶ
ĿܳԶȥţ˵˵Ĳ¶ɣ
Ȼ֮ǰܽ˺ܶԪرĻɴҶѣţǸСܹϵ׽˧ҲǺܹĵġôᣬһҲݽȥͰ˸ˮ
ܹһţĲӣһ߰קһ˵Ϲĸʲô˵˴оǴУʮֻɸ㶨ʲôСӣ˵ˣ̳ȺҪûգ㵱ǹͷ˵ģѧʲôɼѧʲôɼ˼׵úܣܸ㲻Ҫȥĺðɡǲǹ⣬ɵɵƵ⡭
ţʵҲǹң³һе
һСֱܰ˸ûˣ˵ʲôö಻ѧҲײҲײɱԺ¶ɡ
ھͱţ񵭶ˣȰõĵط룬û˼·ܸסһᣬЩ㲻״Ŀǿ˰ɡԺʲôˣиĵط
ţţҲο˲١
صûʲô⣬һһɳϵš
ϣǿ϶ǲ˯ˡ
ܼţȶͷɳϡ
ʱҲǱ۵ģ˽˵ⲿŵ¶֪»治һģΪиרŽ齨ţ˺ܶбµʣҲڸطͻȻܵ˽벿Žѵְ΢ѧ㱾µĶֳС飬سȥ
ôʱ仹̫ˡܶಿСԱˮƽβ룬ܳڵСҲ࣬û취ÿӶѸٴ
署˼ܾ;ãеӣҲδСҪǾ鲻ḻģδܰ¶ҪһУǲǵ󹤷λнı£ǳЧʸߡҪλҲˣǰӿ϶֣ٱȥĻͲö˵ʲôϻ϶ɳ汾µĹʳˡ
ЩС˼ܿ϶ܸţôֵ˵ĻǾãλеˮ׼ǿ
ţСֱܵѶ˿ͻȻжϱ󣬿϶ǻᱻȥģ˵ⲿŵ˳أСȥˣλҲȥˣôһˣܲڻȲɣ

Ԫܳǰ˾ȿȡ
ûã˳ؿ˵۶СܳµɽǱ߹ȥ
·ϡ
˵ԣ绹زλ˾ڲźۼع۲Ԫ΢һתˣ˾רŽܵģĹ磬λļ̳ˡ
Ҳ֣˭ܷһ棿ָ˾˶̯ˡڷ¼˾۲۲죬ȥٱ磬Ҳеġ
͵Լû֣һգԪ˵˯Ҳ˯ɡ
ԪôĬӦһͬ۾һա
˫ֶطϥϣһƽƼûʲô
ǵеһ˺ӰƵġ
ǰ˾ˣĬһ󣬵׻ʲôҲû˵
еŹ֣Ŀǰ

ٽɽʱ·Ѿ̫ˣܳʺ·Ͽ³
֪Ǿɣǰ·Լߡȣ½ˣٳ档
˾ȻţٷԸѵָɣҲøţͰȵذѳͣ
ȻԪ˳ּ粢ɽȥ
أ˵Ӱʧɽ˾ԥһ£Ҳ˳
Ǹˣû׼ĸɽ꣬ԾɽǵţĿռ䲻ҪʲôҲ

߽ɽȷʵһƬϵǣƬǹ˿˿еԣе㡭ҵĸо
΢飬һʱֱ̫ó
[ϵͳòɣ]
[ǵģ]
[]
[ǵģ]
ŤͷԪ˵ز޹ˡ
Ԫ˵
˶ûֱ˵֡ΪǲϽ
Ȼֳûˣģ治һ֡
ֲһԪԪҲ
粻Цˣ߰ɣȥȥ˵Ҳء
Ԫǰ˼ƽƽ˵ҿ·
ûܾʵҲͦ뿴Ԫжٱ¡

סɽ꣬һŲȽȥ󣬰ͻȻˡ
˵ǰһɫСӣɽģɷᶼܾûʲôƵ㣬ִԭһ֮֡ġֻĻҪԵøйŴһЩ
ֻһСֵ֣Ϲ˺ܶĲʳ񻨵ƣҲֵġ
˼ǣһ۾Ϳ˾˵ѾʧٵСܡ
ֻüһյʵ档


49 ӭ׶
Ҫ߹ȥ, ȴԪһѡ
ôˣתͷʵ
Ԫû˵, ָָСߵļᡣ
˳Ԫָķ򿴹ȥǼῪŴʱʱؾ̽ͷСܵķ
ִҲûʲôӵĸо, ͺǡڿϡƵģ
Ϊ˹ģСû£еˡ
Ԫѹ۲컹ǹȥ
һӦǹ۲, Щ˻ûע⵽, ڽ￴˵תڵϢţ, ֻۡȻûź, û취ϢƽˡȻסǵȤζ
ȥɡش˵
Ԫͷ
˼ȻڣֱС, ǰͶһƬӰ
СܱӰһ, ͵˸ն, սս̧ͷһϤ, ʱűɾϲ, ֱѿڶԪ, ô⣿
ȻѾ, ɡϡֳƺ, ÿеˡ
һСܾͺռˣҶ, Ͼ񼡱϶࣬˭Ҳһھ͹еǣ
ƤЦⲻЦ˵˵ô⣿
СգۣӦһܳǰɣģȻɫһ壬ˣҶ⣬ô˧Ҫһùˡ
΢飺⻰ʲô˼ּ̽ͼ䣬ֱˣʲô¼ҸԪеⷽı£ֱӹˡҿҲû¶Լȥ
Сμˣɲǳȥ𡭡ˣȶ㣬һùˡ
ʲôе㱾µĻȫûȥ
磺
һ仰ӲŲ˵ӹӡ
ȻһְֻС˹ǣƤЦⲻЦٴοڣףô¶ٲ˵ҾͰӽȥ
˵ŻǼŴķʾ⣬ǳرԼĿĵء
Сܱһ±ƣɶ
Ԫվߣøɤƽɾ̫ƽˣĵط͸һ޻ʵָо쬵ˡ
˵ľ
Сܱŵһ£ŶŶ
һ̣ͻȻ;ãҪٲ˵Ҫùˡ
ֻ
ϵ£ǳⷢġ
СܷСܲװģʱôˡ
һ翵ġĵԶԶشг˹⣬һǿҵ֮⣬ҹС
ԪˢˢǱ߿ȥ
ͼһɽϳһɽŨİһϲŮŮĴӣϲصس߱Q
Ϊʲô˵Q
ΪЩ˿ȷʵڱ̫˵һһءӯءߡġ
Щ˵м䣬а˸Ÿĺµˣ̧һرϲӡ
ÿ˵϶Ц⣬ÿ˶üĿ㣬ûһÿġ
ԣһӭˡ
ǵĽ̧ŵѵСѵ˭Ҫޣ
ڿһĻɲǣͻȻ뵽һ¡
Ů
ΪʲôܹȴǡЩ̧ӵĴɫѪ㣬һɭɭӣ
Ȼֱ׵ǣ
Ԫļ硣
ʶͷȥ
ոעӭ׶ûע⵽ΧĻգ۷仯ߵȴ϶൱ġ֣֡ﶼ߳ҲȫǿŮеƫŴ磬еľԽִˡ
ЩҲϲƺΪϵ¶ϲ
ͬʱСţôվԭضҲźϺϵľ˵ӵתҲһҲˡһ硢ԪһɲǾͱ֪ʲôסˡ
ۡ
СܵϣƮɢĻе
ӭ׶ܿӽСӡ
Ȼ֪Ҫٰʲô£ȴûԥѸٵСԣһ˿
Եޱȣش͸Сܵ壬û˺˿ȴݿֱ࣬Ӱǵݻ˸ס
С̷Լܶˣɫˢ׵˵ϽܸϽܣȻˣϽܣ˵һקס磬ȥԪ
ѹԪ
翴ⷴӦĻףǶ²ӭʲôӭСߡһʱȻ֪ԼйأʱСһﻹڲʵƵµţҲ̫˰ɣڲңǲ̫˵
Ҳһ˲䣬練סСܣԪʹɫ
˵ٶȷǳ죬ѸٵسŹ·ϳȥû·ɽ˵
ǣԪǳȥˣСҪɲǣͻȻ磬תԼɽȥ
һ˲ȫȫʩչûϵСܵȻʮ⧲֮¾ͱѿȥСܷʱܵٶȸ죬ԪѸٷӦȥ׷գۼӰʧڰ绹ôҲֻܷȥ׷ˡ
ôȫ»صɽС
˾㤵ǣԪѾӦܼʱˣȻС˺ܶ࣬׷ʱøԪһ𿴼һĻ
Сһͷ亹Ʈǰ̧Σӭ׶ӵ˱ѿض硢Ԫ˸ۺ»ָϲӣ̧СɽQȥ
ؿСƮԺͻһ׾ϸޱȵķϼǰסǴ͵涼رġ
ޱ飺۾
Ԫ˵ȥ
翴Ԫϴϴ۾ͷ˵ǵÿ㣬ҪȻǼһҪٲˡ
ӭ׶ӵ˿죬ȫע׷ϵԪҲܿ졣
һҲûҪ˴ߵ˼ˣܿҪӭȢСܣҪǲʲôԭ򣬾˳Сܴߣûֻᱻ¶ô࣬ܲʱʱ̵̿ض˰ɣֻÿЩʱͳһˣҲ̫ˡ
ԣǵôӸԴϽ⡣
ûӭ׶ɽӭ׶ӵҲûͷһ·
粻СԪ˵ûʲô⡣
Ԫͷ棬ԡ
һ㶡
ѸתԼϣͬʱſУϸĵظ֪
һ̣ɽϵϢˡ
궯ƶ಻ϣƺкܶ಻ͬԴϢ˿˿ƽһģڲͬ顣һǿʢģŨıһĨĽ⣬ζ
ԡ
Ʋ⣬ѵˣϡȴŨ񣬾ǱģҲλʧ³Ϊˡ
Ҳֻǲ²ѡ
ûԣֻԪһٱߡ
Ӻӭ׶ɽһƬĿյϣͣ
ԪҲͣ
յһӵɽׯǰĴŻſվһϲġģˣؿǰ̧Ρڿ¶ӰСʱϵЦݲȴ¶Եϲ⡣
ӡ
ԣ涼Ǵɢġ
⣬Ϣ⣬˵ϻһ⡣
찡ǹ½⡣
⡭
ӭ׵ġģλǸﰡ


50 ߡ
Ż, ֱһ, ƾץסһѳɫĴ󹭣Ȼѹý£ץźļʸ, ৡΣнš
ر׼ͷ
ÿһľ֡, ͷǶڽ, Ĳָպô͸, ŽеġӡԵÿһ, Ϲ۵ġӡ̲סһ¡
˳ʽĹعǡ
ڻεԱ, һŴ컨̴Ůƿ, ֽȥѡӡץ˳
翴С, һ￴źô㡭
Ǽ˹ˡ
ĸоʧˡ
ǸеС˧ĳ࣬ҲǸӲк, ۾ǲʵо, ڸոյĴǴһıʵ̫ˡ
ۼӵǰչϲ, ɡ˦һڡӡ, Ȼק, ѾϲȥԶ׼ֻҪɽׯţȻͻִϲ, һϲãϾ͵ðá
ôھи⡣
ҪҪȥƻ׮أȥŪ˻һԺָһˣⲻƻ˼Сڵû
ʵ²⣬ܿǸСʲôǰԵȻһӵйλ飬Ҳôִš
ǰԵ¶һˡ
Ԫһۡ
ԪȰ˵
磺ȻĬġ
ȥ˶ãδпܳΪСڣ»ǲܻججذ졣
ѻڽ£ѸСܵĸ
ԪٶȾȻͬʱִ
Сܱ˲벻ܶ״̬ˣȻԼѣðỨӣ޲ʹһ

ȫڴϢ
ûЦЦº͵Ȱ棺ŮʿǿŤĹϲ𣬾ô岻ذá̫ðɡ
ϲĹתͷһ˫ﷺĵ̹⣬ͦ}˵ġ
ȥǺɫͫף΢΢βһ˿ģͦ䣬һ΢İ˵൱ˡ
ò˵ֻòĻСһռ˵ġ
ﲢ˵úԼҡϽá
Ȼ
̯ƣ渲һκѹãûãǸһǿҵвС
ԪŸСƿӣСϻŵС«࣬ƿڶ׼λûʽСƿӣⲻ۵ƿھŸ޴ڶƵģͬǿҵвС
ǹۣ˲ۡ
ؿڣɤ͸ż翣ǴԶԶߴ
Сʿ̫ˣΪʧλͿСһ𣿡
⻰ͦ쪵ģƷһƷɫˡ
ͦãܹͨС
óͺ˵Ҳûð˼ҪȻҸط̸һ̸˵
ԪĻǲ࣬ڣûڣֻ˳ְƿڳǹŲŲ
ۡ
գ¶൱ʹı飬˵Ǿ̸
£һ֡
ӭ׶ӵˣӵڷȿõˣͳͳغˣóһ·
ջػԪʹ˸ɫ
Ԫˣƿӻ
ǹһȻקź񣬴СȽݡ
ԪҲͬ˽ȥ
ղԶԶû̫ע⣬֮ǵ㻹תĻ͸ʵ
ɽׯɽׯһլĲкʣ¼ʯ֡լĺһƬķأ֪ʲôʬǣÿһضγɸݵĻ
Щ½ˡ
ЩˣЩͱɺ֮Ķ˻һ˵ЩϴŵβϳëƵúվԻĹâ
΢飬ۼǹҲ˷ϰȥֻݲݲ˲͵ʯϡ
ˣڲǽʱ
׻ű׼ȥ
ԪվԱߣֳʯǱ£һεɨȥǸʯۿɼرһɶ
һԪ¶һĨЦݣʾ⡪ԼҲŪһ¡
Ԫ編ƣŪɾһʯʡ
ŷֱá
棬ǹû̫飬Ҳ˵СԼСܵĵӶһ¡
ȰСһã֮ԼԱߡ
ĸˣ棬ҪƵġ
ǹȻǱԪһвˣľǿԲСܽ͵ðԱߡ
Сܿɥ
ֻϧ绹Ź̹ףΪ˲ŭԷû취ˡ
Ȼͽ˸¡
أҪӺܶǰ˵

кۣԭһֻ˰ٶĺꡣ
ֻɽͨĺģǡ䣬պſڶ˯˸ţֱһȺСˡ
ǣһֻ̥С꣬ȫǳͿ飬ǺûõٺôúιǼˡ
СֻҲǻûģ˳Žǵ˳ƺá
һٶȥ˺⣬ĸȫԻûˣǺ츳ǸҰкܶ࣬Ұ·ӳԵʣӺ㿪ʼȫȻȡĽݾ
Ǹ࣬ʿҲ࣬ʱ򻹽һȱΪȥȻʿͲͬˣֻҪģû⻹ЩˣбܿаһСǣһغ϶֡
Ӻ㵽Ľ㣬ûûصÿֻﶼǺü۵ʱ¶ǱʶԣСҲܲ˽ǣֻÿԼںѡ
Զ׼캦һʱʿˣ캦һʱܹɱأ·ߣҲǱʿģΨĽڹһʱûϣϲ˼ˣҪ˼÷ãϲ÷Ͳͬ⣬ȥ÷÷и岮ǵʿһŹȥͷɻˡ
һֻʣºһ
̥ͬĽüϵģ۵Ľһӿʼı˵Ȼиͷﳹ
Ǹ꾫Ҳ˵а·
컹Ǿ˺۵ģɽ䱼۵ʱ򣬴һɽҵһɵеķš֣͵͵Ǳ˼˽Ӹ͵ѧ
ˣԽԽҲԽԽ׵
˽ӵϷӷֺ͵飬ûȡۡӴ˺۾ͰСϡۡ֡
Ϸȥ󣬺ۻ飬Ľ͸ϷսƶļȴһкǱɽٶꡣ
һҪƻµ·ӣһ⣬һĳ˼ҵıɣûã𽥱ӻȫ塣˸˸СΪ۹ùáӴڴﰲżȥƣ˸ʽλ
ȻСܵǰˡ
СܵǰܣǸĸ̶ӣǴС߳ȥģæµش档
ܲţ׵ģԾˣΪɽмطɫɴס˼졣
ĳȥө棬һ
Ǹȥؽһ׮ΣѹĺۡʱؼɢܶˣͥϵҲϵϣĺܶ࣬ҲûټԦ·ֻƫƧ·
ʱĺ۴ʵĹװƤףʮòرʱüһӡȻַ飬һ˲Ͱܸסˡ
һģܺڿʱʧˣֱŵĻֱӴۣܵûԥشͲźۼش
һ֪Ǳ˴Ӽ۹ùãԺܸɴ಻سˣͰ˯ҹû˵ʱȥ﹩ǰ߶߶ؽ£ÿ춼ģƤر
ụ̂ʱˣ汻ܸø̸
˹һκӣǺþֻĺս½ܱ˻ȥǰ˵ŬӻСӣϧսԽԽӻҲ˺ܶ࣬ûúæƼ𹩷Խ٣Խôѭ
ұʱ򣬺ЩѪﲻʲôæȡɽȣûлӦԼ֣֪ʲôʱǱɱˣͥûˣϵҲûˡ
һᣬ뿪λתΪõһЩɵֻСȴ׻
գС͵Զûӵ˼ңԼصӵСܡλҲˣСʱҲưܡ
һȾǶʮꡣ
ûʳԻˣ˿ˡ
ԭȻûǳŵҪսﱣˣ֧ѹұľӣɢ˼ҲơȥˣԼȢӣΪ۹ȣ
ԼͻȻ˵ʲôҲҪ
˷ǣһһĸ鶼ǳû䡣
ûܻˣһʱ䣬ʱ򣬾͸ԣ˵û˧ʱ۰óףҪת˻úһҪԸ
һֱڴӸɽΪʵ̫ϡˣʱ䶼ڳ˯żŵʱ򣬻ݼֻȽԵĺ֮Ķߡ
ǰʱ䣬ؼ˸յԤףŵʱˣЩԭֻԵĺƾȻԻˡٺ۷Щϳ˺Ƶ͹ȥ˿Щ˱˺ǻţЩ˱ɹͰѱɹЩ˴˻ǵɰС
˵˱ģﲻͬӱȽ϶֮࣬ЩǱŮѱѹģе㱾£ɴƾСҹûġСˣеĺúдеİſŮԣֶʹЩ˻ȥԺͳͳҪήҡȽƫĸ˸ 壬ȥԺһҲȻˡ
ٺСҹС塣

ͦģסˣСҲˡ
ȻԺŮʿڼԺ󣬾ҪӭһӭȢ
ֱ׳˵ԲҪ׸ҼҵģȻ׸ȻȢ
Сعдš˵֡
翴ˣ̽˵ҪȻӷһ
ۿСܣһӣ˵ơܻǲ
СȲذȰˡ
ҵǰҲˣǰôܰڵС㣬÷ǰĲͬǵͬˣԸҲͬˡϲǰǸˣڵҶ棬Ȳ˵ôˣǰҲƽɡ
ȻֱӴĻ˵ǵԸһģһġ
Сܣ
档
ۣӵʱҾϳ㣬͹ȥ㡣㿴ңȸ˵ģĬҵ롣
Сһҭ
ɵؿСܣһõģĬ˼Һɵ룿
Сܿ뷨æ˵ĬϸҸûӦ
ˣΪʲôûӦ˵ʲô
СΡ
һԣɤģǰ˵˲Ļ
ٿۡ
ۣǰ˵·˼𣿡һ˵̫ƯˣŮҡ
Ȼ۴Ӧˣ˵Ͱ£Сܻأ˵Ĭϡ
СûôÿӣһʱûӦӡݡһûˣź֪˵Ĺ¡
Сܿ˧ֵùű޹ϡ
޹ͦÿģֲɭɭ֣Ӿһʱ²ֳȥͰ·һߣԼ˸طŰֻͼźŰҪȻܴ绰΢ʲôҲá
Ԫʱ֮ԻӣʵеҫһͱôƯ޹ڨˣɼҲĺ˧
ûѹ꣬ξʹɽϱQ
һ̣СܶҲܶҲ˵ˡ


51 
Сί˵ǲһʱ˳, ˵˵, ڸǰһˡһ仰ͶµģҸصǸɲǿҲĲǹġ
Ȼ, ѶСܸеͬ顣
˵һǧһⲻԼˣ˼ҹͬžٰ, ִ, һ仰ܶ, ˼ҹǹŴ, ǰԵڣôСûɡǸӦõ, ܲܽ, Ҫ˼ҹ뷨
Сһѣжأ
СҲ, ϴ˵СԲ𣡶ҿˣĺܱǸǻºҪģĲôʣԭҰɣһҪѧ, Ҫҵ, Ըǰ񣬵ǵ׷ҲǲһġûǰôƷ¸, ǿһ, Ժڵ, Ҳǲõģ԰ɣ
һƬĬ
ϸüʲô
һϹŶȷʵ֪˵ҵ
Сһ, ţæͰҵϸϸؽһ飬˵λϣˡҲ֪һٶǰˣҵܺһⲻǰĲͬ
ȻϸС˵ȴһš
Сһ¡
ѾΪԹߣ΢ؾãܲСΪôչ
һ֣˸ߵĴӣǴ򿪡
ڵһ棬鶼ֽװõƬΪͦ󣬻©ţԼӲƤռǱһǴССľᣬȫǻƳĻ
˵ÿһطϲƬͻ滭˵óһֽͳһƬѸٵطչʾ
ڳ˶ЩƬĲǵˣǽֵ羰ܶһЩȴȤĶܶʱһʮͬһ飬¶ڲͬʱģ
óһռǣֱӷĳһţÿ͵ĿʮƬϷֵü¼֮ڶгȤǵʱ˶Ĵ׻ž秵ôʣǿֱͬ˵һ֡
ӵڶóһᣬչһǷŴЩƬȤһ裬൱ϸ塣
۵ƮƮģܵҾԣʮŸĸŪϲЩϲ˷ڼʱ˲ٷͷսңûԸ˵Щֱ꣬ǰһֱ˵ͣ˵±лһҪȫ˷˼ĶҪ˵ġСбһۣ˵Ҳûʲô𡣡
ţ˦üźڰգ˳ŲͬڵСһģһЦʱĸоһ
˵ܻ治ʲôߴϵģҲǸС˧ƾòŪѹܣʲôֳղĹ𣿲ǵģղص㣬ղķʽ¡ص㡣ͻ࣬ɫؽǰȥĸֵطȤ¹̸ģ˻˼СɣΪɾ˼һҲ˼
翴һƬٿһСܡ
ܺСȻǰôڲͬ͵ͬһˣܻġǳС
ʵСܲô̫˽ˣСܱ˲
ЩóƬÿһùͼǳ⣬ǻ裬ҪԼ뷨ز࣬µǣǱʼǱϵıʼǣһֲô̫֣ڵıʼưϸ΢дϰ߶һġҪ˵ﲻͬžǱָ㣬ٹôʮ꣬ԺҲͶˡ
צˣʲôٽǰܲͬأ
㲻ͬͿԺԲƵġ
ؿСܣ˵ʲô
Сͷ󺹣ȹϵϡ
翴ȥˣԺ˵ŮʿȻرܣ̸̸
룬ûҪ⿪ͬˣߵԱȥ
СܵԱߣû赲˿̽С˵¶ĹҲûطȥ˼ҹسŵҪֻ֣ܸԪһִˡ
Сһ飺Уôɣ
ü㲻Ըޣﲻ֣㻹Ҷ֣㵽ô
СţǶֱӰŪ𡭡
Ūˣ´㻹ܲˣǰԵˣ
СܸϽϣģ治У
ͼ¡
СܣУ
̯֣ⲻǲУҲû취ˡ
Сܣ
һı׳̲סЦˣ˵ôǺɺãѱĶٿֻﱾˣϲ
Сܱ۵ʱǰӣ˵
簵ЦⲻȻôҪǼ˼ҹһû˵óŮҵĻӶһ顣һǸ춼ǰһôԼ֪
˵ٱ簡иƵĹһˣиѾˣú񣬹￴ͦοģԸ㴦Ըⲻ
Сܱ˱һ䣺Ը⡭İɡ
׹ףܱ˹ˣתˣԺӶġ
뵽⣬Сܵ˼·Ҳˣۿɼһ㡣
ҪǱȼ̫㤣ʵҲûҪֻ
翴ӣҡ˼˰ѻ
룬֪ԭǹĳֻʧˣﻹһˣҲ֪Ÿõģҵ㲻ǿתǸġ
ʲôܣ
Сڣˬ
οھʲô
С³һҪǽˣҲܸסģһҪѧԺҪһֱȥġ˰ҰҪϱģôأҪ˺ӣһø˲һȥأԼȫҽԺݱ¶ô죿ûλˣ˵кеʿ磬ҲǸϺȵġ
Ķ
ǲԸ𣬻ôࣿٶ˵亢Ժʲô˽鶼ҪNࣳˡ
ڰ֣ˣ˵ϲ˼ң˼̸˼ҽ飬˼סһֱֻ԰ɣ˶٣аǡ
Сܣ
էէ׵ģô¶ɣ
̿Цܽ
Сѣֱ̫ġ
Цˣİ㡣

ȥ󣬺ѾԱߵˡ
Ԫֻƿ߹̧ͷȥ˵㡣
˸ЦݣŶԺ˵ǲܾôģŮʿҲǸҪĸ֮ý֮ԣڶûУ϶ǲʵġѾתˣִܱܲʱ򻹷⽨ɣԸäƼޡڽ֮ǰ˴˼Ҫ˽⡣˵һˣҲܲεѧҵҵмˡǰԵɢҲǲʵģ顣ǳֱ׵˵̸ɡ
ӻȥڵʱȫԹԼᣬҪǺŮʿ㳷ȥߵķƽʱĸ΢ŸƵʲôľ벻⡣ŮʿҪǲ⣬ҲԳȥ˽һڵ磬ҲиĹͬԣܿǲĻһأ΢ЦõСһۣҪǸȶ̸ϸٽ飬ǽԴϲ𣿡
˼
Сܣôģ
С˵ǵġ
ۣ㲻Ǻ𣿡
Сæϣûûûôÿ
ǳǳһЦ
ԶϢظԪһѹ²ۣ˰죬ɵݣóݳӵĹ
Ԫ˵˾ͺáеɣҲŮʿһݹ


52 ҵ
תе, , ˵˼ǡ
Ԫⲿš
Ȼе
¼ʱҲⲿȥʹģʱûԪ淢ӵ, ֮˽ȴԼ֪Ĺⲿŵ£ȫ˵ˡ
, Ԫ֪ŵĴںĿġ
, ȱֵ, ֿܻͨҪ, λ˿ǧꡢͨǰԵΪӻԼȥλĺɣǾɵˡ
ں˵, ϤڵҲǴѺô, ӦҲٷġ
ǵԺܲ, ͺϼţǲǾͰԪ˵, ṩһҵ, ԼȥӦƸ
翴ʱ䣬ǼСѾһСʱǱһһǲõ, ɹȥô, Ҳ˽, ͸øţǱƽˡ
ֻôλ˵Ůʿﻹ˵ӵϢ, 㿴ǲźŻָˣ
۵ĿûдСƿȴ˷䡣
һ룬ΧʱǳȻǸϹŶµЩ֪ŨȵϵȻҲ֪Ũȡ
Ȼֻ϶ʱüϢԪǱҲĶ
˵ͷֻѸٵ㿪
ţܣÿʮӶᷢһѾˡ
һϢǡ
[ţûҵӣû°ɣ]
[ܣУţ켱ˣٵʮûϢҾȥϵҸɡ]
[ţԪյϢԱϵǣҸ׼취ˡյϢ󣬼ǵظ]
[ܣԪУҸˣʮӾȥϵҸ硣]
翴Լ΢ֿԪģٿһʱ䣬˸Ѿȥ߷ӣһǾͻᰴԭƻˡ
ԪѸٽлظһģһ
[ѽһ𣬺ܿһ]
ƼЦˣظûͷûβģҲ̫ˡ
ȻҲһģһġ
[ҸԪһأˣû£еβҪһˡģ˯ȥ]
Ǳƺһֱţ׷׻ظ
[ţû¾УǻǵŰɡ]
[ܣλвǴУˣͷԷѹ]
СҲ΢ϵĶԻٿԼģͬѵĴԣֱĺ̨Ҳӿֳ˽šûҿֱ¶ȻˣܵؾãԼǲ˵ģɿֻšͦΣֻԺ෢㸣ر˿ˡ
ЦЦ͵ɣΪ̫ע⣬ǻȥϵʽŮʿһݣԺôϵС˵⣬˶٣ҺԪи飬ŮʿĻԿǿǡ
һԣʼܸ˵Ϣȫظλɡ
ɽµҹСУ˼İˡ

ɼšֶǸովܵˣжɼһ˫ʵ۾ӵлܣһʱǺʵõܡǾѺûãڼȺ˷ܵʱ򣬾ͱⲿŵ̽⵽ˣһȰ˵ԼҲûԼǿյˣȻرһţȻǸȫ
ⲿźǸʮһѵһʱ󣬴󲿷߶Լ˸ȫ˽⣬ӶֳɸС飬鳤Ĵ½Ըص񡪡Ǿ鲻ʱӦýģɺܶණʵսвգȱڣҲ뷢ˡ
Һã˵㣬񣬸ջܻȡҲĸԸ
һС飬˴˵ܿԻϣǵ鳤һλʦɽĵʿ¹óͺܶʵ÷Ըص쳣Ҳ˽⣬ǺаȫС
ⲿһֱˣȫô쳣¼ô࣬ÿ첿ﶼǿյġǼոȥĳشһɱ˰ȥûüȿڲ裬͵õϱ˵һֵ÷зܶ˱˵ǸֱʱĳɽСͻȻʧˡ
ڲ˹ǸСϣeϡ
Σռfs𲻵ȣd¶ǲ漰ģͨķַȻϸ£ĿǰųûãܶණĲֶҪϸֱ棬ҲֻʱճֳΣճ̶жˡ
ǸȻʧҲ֮ǰЩҹС˲࣬ؼִˣΣճ̶ȻҲбҪǰȥһ˵ġ
ԣ˸ջ¹Сϡ
ͻȻڵ¶úܣ¹СԱҲϰˣڿٷϺ󣬾רóһ·ɽ긽
ɽ⣬ȿһܳи˾վɽˣһ˫ӥƵ۾ʱسɨ
Ȼܾ裬ȴû
¹Сĳִʱ˾Ѹֱضܿ쿴˳ӺӾϵһţ΢΢һ㡣
Ȼϳš
¹³󣬸˾˸к
ĿУǵ֪ǸСүܵѣڷ쳣ҵʿˣĿǰʿѾɽһСʱʱû뿪
ʿݣ˾ؿƿû˿й¶
¹ǸϳɵˣԴûʲôԱˣȴϲ˾ɼɫѿҪ˵Ǳ¹ֹˡ
˾ÿ·
¹кʹԱֱӽɽ֮С
ɼ̫˵ʣ壬Ǹҵ̫ˡ
¹ЦЦƽ͵˵̸Ϲ֣Ȼ˵ǾǼʿԸݣûʲôֵġÿ˶ܣЩʿɣԸⲿͬҲûвűӻͽЩԸģǿ
ɼ¹ô˵ҲǣͲٿˡ
ʱѾվǸСǰ
¹ڷתɫͻȻ
Ũ
ǰ˿һӵС壬СкܶƯľƹݿջ̽ͷЩƯףǽȥ档
¹û
ɼذܼе˫ۣƳǰ۷Сʵ
Сظͬ˵Ӻưܣٻ˽꣬ߵľƹݿջ˵ĲˣǺһ࣬ϴźİ˰
ǿЩ˸ͨ˲ͬЩ˵ƯŮǣëͻȻ˫۴۱ͫÿһ䱸
ǴӸԵ߳ؾ£Ҳ𽥻ۣγ壬צʱ˳
¹תøˣܿǰЩСѶԸǡ
µģǡ
ߣ˲Զһɽϡ
ŨĵطסɽǵһμҲٿص൱Ƚֻ˿˿Ƶسƣȫɢûай¶
ģǧĴ
ղô̵ʱ䣬ȻǧôΣճ̶ȣӦٴﵽbϲŶԡ


53 һ۷ϵ
¹üͷ, ת뷨
Ŀǰbϵĸֲʮ, ʦɽһɱܹ, ɱ
ǰ֮ΪĿ޴ܣպ, ҲȽΪʵġ, ⲿŲеѵ, ٶȽһµڲ, 뵽ط̿֯
ЩʿܻȫȫΪײ, û뵽һeΣյĵط, Ȼһλ
¹ʦɽĵմ, ʦһλbʣʦ, , ǿºѸλƽȽ
鷳ǣԷԻĻᶼ, ֱжǴԷ, Ϊð, ֱӽ
ʦɽ伮мأʱĴǰԵӣԼ׳ɻ಻øԤ, عʹıºۣҲû
¹ֻûźţһʱʮΪѡ
ͻȻ䣬תٶͻȻˣźҲٿػظ
¹һæʦ巢˶ţ˵
ȻûǱ߻ظɽİһ󷭹мȻóһ·
Դ롣
·ǽӵЩڸɼ˶ŵСҲÿϵɢ
¹һֻûظ
һҧΧԵļԱ˵Ҫֽ䱸¶⡣ɽдҪȥһ
֣
ɼͫҲ֪鳤ԡһۺʮֵķ֫ȴɳڣŲҪ¶⡣
Ȼɽȥ
СûиǵҲû뿪âڱöɼԽˡ

ڸ۽ⲿʱϵͳͻȻ
[ⲿŵ˵ˡ]
һûǴʵ⻹ϵͳһɣ
ͷһעܿϵͳѵϡ
˵ܲ٣ܲٵһЦټⲿŵϢζ˵ҰŪˡ
һʼû̫ףȻǼ˳飬ü˵һʿͼСٿȻ˼оˣⲿŵˣ
ͷǸŵֻǵ;˵ĲֱԼ̸
룺Ҳá
磺ҺԪɢˣôԻĴ򽻵ŮʿȻҪģǾȴӻȥ΢ϵô
ۿСܡ
Сܳ¶Ц
ۣҲáվָɽ²£һмһͨ·ֱӸɽµСһȻһСܣɽǴӰߣǿǡҵͷᱻ赲
ѻָжСæң˫ֽסƮƮͷ
һúñܣ
۳һЦȻԡ
Сܿˡ
һ£ͷеǻῴ˻ûǸϽ߰ɡ˳Ѻۣǹ϶ҪӵϢŮʿ˵ʵҺԪͲˣǱ𣬾˵ļʿ֪ǰԵȰ˼䡣
ۻǺܸӵģ״Ӧ
С͵͵᲻á
ֺЦͲǸӵˣ
ȻԪһһңץСܵĸ첲պָĵ·ɽȥ
·ϣǼø¹Са赲翴ǣȴڽźͰûע⵽ߡ
[ϵͳǵʵһװɣ]
[ǵģ]
[ǵϵջָҲûʲôֵġ]
[ǵģ]
[ҾԪǿ٣һ߰ɡ]
[ǣ]
е죬ǣ
ϵͳȴ˵
[Ԫʵ൱]
ü
ʵһֱãԪǱҲͦصģڻ£Կ˵ȼֻԪоеģϵͳȷϡҲ֪Ǹʲô
簴°ԪΪпˡȥ̽ܵͷĬĬظԼס
˽ռġ
Ȼɽȥ

ɽ⡣
˾ϤӰ߳ظ΢΢ɡ
Ϊ껤ܣͬĴѧʶģѸٴûκ˺ۣ˿
˾ûж໰ֻǰش˳š
糯ЦЦԪһ
СܱҲţŸͷͶԪ˫ûʲô۾ʹƬס˴󲿷Įýˣе
ǣִк㬵˵ȥǰˡ
ûעСܸղԪļ򵥡Ц˵Ҫкȥ¡
Сֱ飬ʵʵʻȥˡ
ò˵½˸ŮѣСܻǸɵ󵨣һ㺦ҲûˣֱԪŵ̫ҸȰȣ͸˾
һﶼصû˵Լɵ£ҪǸ˾ûⲿŵǸ˾û˵ʲôԼر࣬˸ҹСľ¡
΢顣
һǺҵҲǹ˵ģԺкڣ׼ϼˡ
˼·ҲǸӡ
ٿɣиǳ뷨ûƣ˵
عԪĬúƵسȥһͼԪͶ⣬ƺڹ۲ʲô
û緢ʣԪĳָָ
˳ơ
ֻڵҹĻУ֮£һɿ컮ɽǱ߸ȥ
ĿһϳһŽߣ뷢԰ףϢĵһϬֳʡ
һ۷ĵʿ
ۡ
Ǳ0磬յͬʱȼȻѾһ׵ǿˣôѾﵽ1硣ʿˣӦȻͻƵײŶԣûͻơԭֻǣĿǰɵޣһ׶ѡ
ԪСѣ̫ãעͲˡ
Ԫͷãϳ
ɴ໹ǽһ𣬱
Ԫûܾ
Լ²⣬ǸϵʿⲿľȱˣȺ۵ʵҪǿһ㡣ûϵϵʿ϶ҲԲҪ治׵زµĺۣǾԲǺ¡

¹СɽͼǰһƬƽ̹
ɸʵСǿСټףȻվߣмһĺ첼һֱ쵽һլǰ
ϸȥ첼ʵǲԵ׺źܶɫۣɢٻϵĳƤ
ڣȻֻ·ġ̺ӡ
¹˲䷢֣СУʵʣµЩҲٱԱȻûзǿҵɱ⣬ɻǽסһ亹ģԱ̫ᣬΪַŵ̸о
һ¹ʾԱǰ̺
̤ȥһ˾ͶǴլſڣءվһŵɫװŮˡ
ĿͶȥɲǣװŮת
Ϣ
Ů˷ѩòǳעĿĲգüһŵɰӡüϸ۽׺һ㱡ġëûһ˿ɫͫӳģһܵ
¹о񿴵Լʦһʦһƣһ̣Щ
֪ˣοǼԱ
嶯ĶɼѪѾѹˡ
һ仰Ҳ˵ͷϴ󺹹
Ҳ֪˼ӻǼӣ¹С˼άհһ󣬲һɤֱӡǵ
ⲿŵˣ
Ӻ¹ȷӦǡ
ţλװֿˡ
ۣ޳ˡǼС£˵ɡ
ԭĺɡ¹λ˼˿ֺͺıǲͬģǰָǸʲôаģҪǲ⣬붼ƻ£Ƚ׽
λǰǻСҲ˵ϻ
¹æ˵͡
û˵꣬зһХ
һϵʿԶԶ̤ŷɽˡ
̧ͷȥ
ϵʿѸٽӽǰܿһЦ˵۹ùϵʦɽ棬֪ɷǰ̸
¹λԹˣһϲԱǿλôһ
¹ʾ£Աûҳ͸װȡ
ٴϵʿ󣬻һ˵Ϊȣɡ
˵һҡҲûʲôôźۣ߽ˡլȻ۷ʱһ̹Ȼ
۶ϵʿӡ󲻴Ҳֱ˵Ҳ˵лֻҲⲿˣ
˵ǡ
΢΢ͷ˵һ˵Ǹʲôȥ
һԼ³Щλ뷨ȻһЦ˵
һأϵҪúý˵С
۹ùõ¼ʦɽ¼أһλѵԸΪӻλıɣƣ˰ٶ꣬Ǿḻġʯ˵йǰԵɸ׽
Ҫǲ²棬ܵõļ룬ȻܹӲŵĵ̣ҡ۹ù˲٣ҲǼˡ

صţһȭСܵļϣû
Ǳ硢ԪǰʣλУӵʲô¶ˣ
¶һζЦݡ
ԪģЦЦ
ܸˣץӷεغ档
ţҹСһ󣬳練ӦԣҲ˹
Ҳû̫ӣ˵ϱӵˡ
ţˢˢСܿȥ
ţ񣺡ʲô
ܣļٵģ
С࣬ȴ͸һɵ⡣
ͬʱһְٵؽλ۹Ĺ¡
ţĽʺޣһ˹Сѹɳ
һֺͨ󡭡
ţ񷢱ԣһϵĵģվǴˡ
˵Ȼ̸ȥˣ
û˵ֻݺݵС¡


54 кapp
Цֹ, һ¾, ʱܵ¼ֱ䣬ǵõһⲿǱ߰ţһô
Ȼ, Ÿյڶϣһ绰ͰܺСܶȥˡȻҪ, Ϊ˱̫˵ע, ˸м, ǹȥʻ
ţԪΪûôġͨˡ, ûбرȥֻǱ˸, ǱϢ, Ҫۡ
, ЭҲûеġԽԽ࣬˶ϰ, ż¶ϢҲûϵ, Ǹͨһѭ򽥽Ľչ̡
Ԫ͵ԼͨˣţҲ˵ʲô, ҶճϿΡ
ȻСֵͦ, Ҳһϵ, ˳עֱ۷׷⣬Ҳûע⡣a֪Ǹϵļѵľ͸ˣ԰ţ, ޼
ԪġǸûС
ƽʱжбڣԪģžͲ̫ദƵģ籾ԸȻͦõģκ˵ĸоô£ԳἸ⣬ǵġ硱
һأţǱʱʱӦˣ߾ͦġ
¿λصܺСѾˡ
ûڿСܴСֱ䡣ΪⲿǱѾСܰź˵ҲùԼķ˿̫ãֱ̿
缸ûнȥţɳˢֱֻӵ㿪Сֱܵ䡣
ĻϣСһŴ
û£ôһﵣˡ
ʲô̳ϵҹС壿ûУͳͳûС
Ҹ˵Ǵų⡣Ҿ͸սȥûãźžͲȶˣǺǱǿˡһſ˵˺ü飬ҿˡ
ˣ쿪˻һȥģǶҲûʲô⣬ΧǸصĲûҵȻҶˣ˸жӽȥšҿҼԺãȥȹ㣬ҪȻҶþͶǶˣ
ʱҲûô࣬Ҷϵϣүǿ϶ܸұ뾯ҹǵط̫ˣҵȵҲã˯ˡʲôĴǲĴǽ񣡡
ʱ򾯲ҸˣҸŻȥ˸¼æүǱƽûƭǣû¼ǿķɫǱŹǺ𣿲ʲôϵлĻҲ˵ˣ֮ΪԺ򼸴Ұθֲ
ֱˢˢĵĻ
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[ֻаͷɵõ豸͸ˡ]
[˧ܾˣˢͧѹ]
[Ūؾ˰ɣ&*#@&]
[ǰ23333죡]
[ԶԶԿǶˣ]
[˧͵͵˵޹]
[һ䣬Ժ󻹲˵õĴҰhhhhh]
廨ŵĵĻˢееûţ˵еǣŵǿЦӶ࣬ǱʶеšҲǸǶ˵ӡԺƵˣٶе׼ˡ
Сܻں֣֮ǲϵģһƴڻ󣬰ѷ˿ǵòˣָԼۿ΢ɲĺȦҪ˯뿪ֱ䡣
ȻСܴܺѼڣСɳһһ۵òеӣһߣԪ˵ҹȥ¡

ʱ̸۵廹Сܡ
ȻҪ˵ԺʦɽĶԹȥ̸ڽӵʦֶźǲԺȥģ֪۵ĵϸһʼԺ۾ԺΪ۱ϰվߵģ̸Ҳ˳
ۿaʵĴҲȻӦ˵ⲿŴ򹤵¡һģҪǿǵǸ˼o˿ǧȶԭ򣬲ͨbĴ£ͺ󣬵ȻҲᵽⲿŵĳ⡣
µЩСǣͨʵߵͻӦĴЩҲޱ·ӵģⲿѡʵԼҲС񡣳˺ϼҵģ󲿷ֶʽذ
Ȼ۱϶ҪܵһӵģҲ϶ҪСܻģôСҲͬⲿŵĹ۲֮ˡȻ۵ĹϵȴⲿּɡϾۻ񣬼ʹǱɣҲԽ׽Խá
ԼʹСԺĽ֤ⲿŶܸŻ
СֱⲿŸɴ໹ǩ˸ͬԺҪعһЩ¼ʱСܾͿԳΪֱĲһԱۿΪ㻤Ա
൱ڣСǰųԻˣСܳŵҲſһԻˡȻԺֱٻܵһƣƲ󣬻ǻࡣ
Ƿ̸Уܼȫ̴ڱԵرǺ۰æ֮лСһۣƼĿˡ
Сһ߹ʺˣ
ⲿŵʿ£ܻǱܣⲿͬҲм˴ķûҪܱ̹ס
󣬲ԱСô¼Ūȥ˵ǣָܽЩⲿŵĸҲ뿪ˡ
˳˶ٷǲһص

˵棬̲סСܷŭһƳ
ţҲ۾ɵϴ
ԪûʲôӦϱǸĹⱲǸ׬ǮԪûʲôйⷴӦ˵ô۵Ļˡ
ܺţŭĵٴŹСܺ£Ԫ˵λϴҿ϶ǱܵģҸͽ͵˾˭֪ⲿǱҪҸλϴ˵ͦ벿ŵĺôġ
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жʺϽҲһЩٷϵ佻׳ڣǸҹ۷С壬ѾעΪһˣɺеҪĿúܶȥףҲƫ֡࣬ͬӭԸطⲿš
ЦЦͦ˼ģˣҲϰߡ
Ԫͷһ
翴λ־ܼᶨ֣ԼԼãܶ˲һ뻹ǲԸȥġ
Ȼʼ磬ֲǱҲµˣٵݸǸʲôappԺλϴԸⲿţǿעһappԱԱʱܵǲҲݣûлɸȼͬӶģӶԱûʲôҾУϴԪϴҪȤԺԿһ¡
϶ȥⲿŵƤӵ£appû̫ų⡣ʱҲû̫ȤϾô»أʲôʱȥ񣿵עܸ˽ʵҲԷҩǮʵ͵ע˶Ժ˵
뵽⣬תͷԪappô
Ԫ˵С
ЦˣԺҼӽȥʱ㣿
ԪС
ǱܼλжȤӣ֪ԼˣҲû⻰ϾһתţֿʼСˡ
ԲܷŹ
ѹԼ֮ǰ˵ʲôСܻѹĻˣѹʮٰ˶ٵĶܽޣ
緹漸ٴͣСܶúǮˡ
ʵĿͻȡ
ǵͦģ˵Сapp֮ԺĻԵ


55 ھ
Сܵ´Ժ, ҲڿʼæԼеˡ
¡򷿡
ȥǰ, ɽ׬ֽ𣬾Ѿг򷿵˼ֻһæ, ʱˡ
һ
УҲϵͳԭ
ΪϵͳͻȻʾ
[Ѿɸѡ˼ʵķԴ, Ƿ̽ѡ]
ع, β, ȻǾ
֮ǰ, ȸнϵСԺǰ, ҲպͬΥԼȻһյʱ, ľҪš
Ԫڴͷ, Ҫߣ̧ͷʵȥ
Ҳûʲô, ЦЦ˵ԺҾڵ۶, ǰӡ
ԪҲûôǮӣֻ, , 
Ժھ𣿡
üëһҲҪ򷿣
Ԫͷ
磺һط
Ԫٵͷ졣
ЦˣǸ, һϵھӲദأҪסһҾͷˡ
ԪߵԱߣһȥ
統Ȼû, һ˿ĵúܣսپģкһ𣬻ҪڵķӣǿɿĶˡ
еСڴء

ϵͳҵķԴǾaԶ¥̣СĻ£ȡλҲֽͨʽܷ㡣
ӽԶؿ
ǴԴ׼䣬СĶһ򿰿ͬһ׼䣬һÿһײղ̫á
ϵͳƼʵǻõһȻǮ̫ٻط㶫͹ˣǲڷԼֻһм䣬Ԫסһߣһ߻ǻİھӡҪһʼԪûסһˣѾˣͷԸİˡ
ط
ǵڶԴȵһaԶǺʺϰסĵԢڸմҵõǸܺõѡ񣬷۸һ࣬ÿһ׹ԢֻвʮƽףȻڲĲֺܾ£ɹҲãȻСÿһסа˻ͽôơ
һҲ
ȥ¥̡
һǾaԶģϳҲǺܷģͬǵԢк֣ܶоһԪĻͣһϲˡ
һֻһȺصķš
ס˵ֱĳʱ͸شұߵĹսǴźиС͵뻧԰һȷţֱһ׹Ԣ
źһ࣬ǽӽʮƽ׵Ĵ䣬صĴשǽڸԡͳмĻСռ䣬شСռһŴ󴲣ĻһСкʵ͵ĴɳͶռ˰ǽڵľ͵ӡ
ﻹиС䣬øߴĶС鷿ӺܴƾɣܰڷŵҲܵ顢
乫ԢװޣִԼ磬ּҵҾҲ׼ȫÿƽ7ңȫ599򣬸պǸܺʵļλ
˵ֻҪֱӾͿסֱʡĲ
翴⣬תͷԪô
ȻҪھӣӵȻҲҪοԪ
Ԫ翴䷿ִһȥ˸ڣڵһ䡣
ԢڲĲһģһװҲûʲôֻ΢СɫĹ߶൱ãõһм豸ҲϺõĲϡ
ҲԵ֣ղһۿеǼ䣬ɫƫůԪߵƫ䣬Ԫվڷʱ򣬾Ȼͦơ
ˣʵɫҲϲھӣû»മסҲܵһ顣
ͦϲģô
Ԫ˵
֪ǸԼ࣬ЦЦ˵Ǿɡ
о˶ˣֱ¥ǩͬǮһ֮׷ֱǣͲ̵ȷ֤ˡ
ȻԪһ˽֡
ȻУССһЩƷȴûУҲÿһ˰ɡ
ڳ߹䡣
˵¸˫ǵԷ
ԪԼ𣿡
˼һ£죬ôóԡ
Ԫͷɡ
УиĲ˵ӣǰˡ
á

÷ӺûŰȥѧûԼԼ״򲻶մĻԼʵ
ĳϣˡ
˽òϵĶģϴʱʮˣȻȥˡ֮½ÿ۲Ⱥλͬ2С¿ˣǼ̵չæһѾȥˣٴνУ׼Ѹٳ档
ŰŮһٵʱǴŴּʱģеһж۵ףȻ֪ŮʲôҲȻӴˡ
հݼ֮󣬴½ĴﻷͳƷ˵ҪЩƷĿ
һɨ
ٽй۵ϵͳ
[ƷԼֵ1200ңƷԪľֵ1100ҡһ׹սƷҩ]
[ϼơ]
˽ⲻͬ˽ĶƷ缫ϡ٣˵ƷδôߣΪƷ׵ƣܱʱҲûôǴҲġ
ȵλʱ˽űȽ϶ʮֹľġԼǡԪľŹҲͶƷѡ⻹ʮһƷĹսǻҵ˽ء
⣬ͬôҩ࣬һƷģиʮꡣһ׶ľ꣬صĶƷģꡣ
⣬صķһƷҲһ׶ģƵַԴֲڣҲѰѡ⼸Ӱ˵Ĺ֮ûܷѡ
Ȼյջ񲢲ֻЩҶһЩصҩҲղأʵĲرͼܽĳЩؾԿȣЩͲˣĻԵ
Ŷģϼ42880ҡ
պһٰ˰˵л
ſϵĿ
ΪȷÿһöҶڵϣû̻ȥȥʯ̨ռתһȦȻҲ˴ϵ¸ı䣬û˵ֻ¡Ȼϸϸذ02Ʒμ£˸ߵȼĻ񣬲ſ첽뿪
ûʲôϾǳҪú÷չң׵Ľ飬ҲҪ½ܷġ
ԣŴʵʲȻȥˡ
ߺչĶͽһһʵֵۡ
е̾ţһִµĻʵ۵˽⣬˵Ǿۼ˺üʵ۵ŬˣȫҲ෨ҡС˵ճƵһҹɱ˵ˣֻȣҲǿǿ
ͷһеĿˣٿЩûʽʼ׵¿ˣôϿͻи꼻һֵġܾû˰ɡ
ͷ
ͦơ
ûǴĻǺܻģϴμʱǳ˵ͷȲҪȥץǮѪġԺѪڴôһֱˣȻǸҲΣհɣϵͳҲûʾпͻǸͷöͷҲء
һô£


56 ȥ
2ĿǸ, Ʒ, ǺʺϿĹĿͻǿʳߣһʼǷǱڴġıչʽѸٿ˶λ, æͰϿͻˡ
ٵùһ¡ңԿ绹Ǻܺġ
뵽, һ
Ҫȥһ˿, ԡ

գ֮, Ѿϵͳ͵µ
ս̤ʵ, ʹ˺¡¡ľתͷһ, ͼһСȺеοڰȿ, 𶯾ǵı¡
һ, Ѿ˸һ׳ľϡ
״أߴֱ, Ҳк֦ܶҶ, һѾͺͺˣ֦Ѿпҧĺۼ, ʾǱһĿԹġ
һĵط, кܶɫĹʵ, ̬еһһصһÿһض, ɢ
ûȥժǸģ׬ǮˣЩĶٺã˵ǿڸ֮ѣÿ⡣
ȻͷЩѾܵĿ
ЩܵĶСͿ׷ںͷȻǿʳߣӦһԷޡ
ǺǰĵϣԿʱʳйһϵƲ⣬˵硡ǰڵĿ磬֪ġѧһϵҲûС
ǰĸͷȼеĸӴ󣬴ﵽʮףȻǵٶȲûôۣɷǳ죬ôһ·çǱײϵĿȫ߷ȥͷѴ󲿷ֶˡ
ײһֺֻٶȼٲֿӳ죬󲿷ֶڰļ̤֮°вֹһ֣ײȥͻײˡ
ȻЩʶĸǿҲ粻ͬйأǱڶˣֲʳӵǿĿȻԽԽǿ
ǻеʳ߻Ჶɱ̣ǾͲưԿȺİֱūȫ׳޷ܡ
Ŀǰ԰ç󣬾ЩѾȥĿתȦ˺ϲֵѪʳٴ˵ĿѡͷҧǵĲӾʳ
ȷԱˣǲһͷĿҧ˺۵⣬ֺ¡¡ر뿪ʣµЩ˿ͷ⺷ĳͷǰ棬ҧǽʳ½½سԱԵĺתҲ׷ȥǸСļ
翴һСʱͼЩǿĳģĳԸģĳ˼ҳʣġܻʳݿ̵ڸЩҶ֮ģ̵վͬ
Ϳһԣһ۲˻
[ϵͳҵڵλ]
[Եģ]
[ֱӰҸ͹ȥ]
[ҲԵģ]
[Ǿˡ]
[ҵң]
ЦЦֻΧһ仯ţʹԭʧ
һʱ䣬һɽĳɽ档
ɽܴеѪ
ΧкܶľײĺۼкܶСͿĻۼҲеĿܲǿ
ϵͳܡ
[ˡ]
ȻԭͷаûʲôĶˣȻҲûȥСôһʱ䣬ܶ˰ɡ
˵ԭ򡭡
е²⣬ǻȷһ¡
֮ԹһͨˣԵеˣôǻݰɡ
ϵͳ̹ͨ󣬱ϵǲЧʧˣ׼ǿͻ

վɽĶڣ̽濪ڣеĿ˷ǵпˣеҪѯܲܳռһ棿
˲ʱһǷȶ򣬵ûʲôԥ
ЦЦҶпˣ֤ǿ֮ǲܻ˺ģֵҵĳ⡣
һС˼С
ǷеĽ
ণɡ
ſ͹ϢͬеĹܡ
ǽеģһ磬ʲôԣԻ๵ͨǻǮȥһİ磬ҲܺϰظǸ鹵ͨ
Ҫģﲻͨôأǰɣ
̧߽ɽ
ɽ̫ڣߡ϶һЩܷ΢̦޺Сͦ˳ģԺֻҲʲô塣
ӴķſڶѨ棬Ա߻кüСͿĺǣӦþѨˡ̬ͥסѨӿ
⻹ĲƹͷǱϵѪֳӵʳ
翴˫۶ϵСֻѾЩõıϢҲЩûеӽĵزһʱģúúˡ
ֱףȻлεģɿİ󣬻Ǳ൱ľ衣統ȻҲðԸɴû̫ӽվһ˺λá
糯¶ѺõЦݡ
ĴԴһƫʳɻ󣺡ҪҸʲô
ش򿪻⣬˵ʹ¡ûʲôԣǸкĵˣ֪к󣬾뵽綼ȥķ羰ֻҪ֤ڸƻٰѴԽķøȫˣͿѡһġ
ֵܿܲڵǸܹϵʱҲпռȫʷֻʱơҴԭи翪ˣвľ˵ֵҲеĿˣȹҵֵæܽܣȻҪǷֵʲôҪҵģҲܳ
ұ֤ҵĻʵģֵܲſԿſҪõͻڵصϵϿͻģпǹҲһֱӣ֤ûж⡣Էֵܾܷġ
һĻ˵ǱߵҲǰǿ˺ܶ࣬ؽĴڡ
Ϊ⣬ӦȥҸƵĶҲһЩصĽ֪ŵĵطϵͳͣܿͰѽ
½Լںת硣
ͬʱˣҲԸ˵仰
ɴظ죬ֱ׼򵥣ţȻ׳ĻҲȻģ֪˷֮˵ԭ
һ죬֪ԼԵһͷߵİУͿԵõ200ңǵĺѪֻҪ1Ҳ50ͷ̡ʱǳ֮£³çֳ嶯
ȻԼȺУؽвԣΪ׬Ǯ̫ˣһץһͷͷ⣬ѵüͷӣοⲶҲҪһͥ̿ԣԺüͷеһͷҲԣֱͿһͥô£
ƵƵԣҲ˺üͥķŭŭ֮£׷ŷĺۼȥ˲˵Χ
ҪǷʱѣŲгһ⻬Уʱ͵
лҪ˵ھǺڡ


57 ȡܣbug
Ϊ, ڹʲô̰Ĳ󡱡
һʱ
Ȼ², Ҳֻǲǲ԰̵ʱһʱȴûϵһһʼɹ˺ܶ, Ӳ˼ҰƵ޿ˡ
νˣȫҵġ
ܲ, ΪԭץЩ̶һ̶ĵط, ôʯͷסŵġץĿֱ͵ȥ, ϧܹץʮͷ, ͷˡΪ˵, ǸطеԶ, Ŀǰ״̬ҳɽ, ЩȥЩ̹Ͷˡǿɶץķң
Ҳͦź, Щ̵Ǳ϶, ҪУԺλ, ȻһֺƷ, ȫˡ
, ά裬ָ˺ܶ£ЩʲôԿкô, ٱЩʲôۣٱܶͿȺķֲȵȡ
̸Ժͱظˡ
ûȫſڶеӡ
սʱôðģĸͬ飬Ǹ˸飺֪ģֵܸոոҽܵĺܶཬҲļǮȷֵܵԺ󣬻Աⷽ淢չ
ҲǷҪģҪģҲֿģһĿ˼һѡ
ĳ
ԸҲǷ˽顣

뿪ɽҡҡͷ
̫ûԱţǺ׳¹ʡ
ҲǿڷͷͻķϣԺ˸ˣкܶΪԭвõҲǸðķգе⣬ܶôˡ

ڿһȦ
[ϵͳһƬؽлᱻ˷ѵġӰ̬ƽĸֽǳȺעز۵ĿҲǳͬǲᱻóãʱƶʧԴȫбע]
[õģ]
ϵͳЧʣҲ൱ǿҲһգ۵ʱǰѾ˾޴ı仯
ǴʱһһпõԴȫ˱ǺͲ֡
׵ףƷĲ档
ֻҪﵽһΣٶã¾͵ܲأҲһòǣõģǾͶƷ
[ϵͳǹķǻƷ֮ս]
[õģ]
ɲǼ䣬ЩصطĽصҶ֮ࡢǱڵصҽֵطʯһЩǧٹֵԴȣϢߡ
ؾͬؾںܳһʱﶼ˽ȥ޶ͺ˿лָطĿҲǻ۵ģͻȻɿֻŵġ
[ӱǹĿѡۡһʮز۵ʳ̣εķʽɵͬɱǹĶʳ̣˰⣬ҼǵûмǿԿģóķͬгΪս޵ļֵˣҲʮڻز۵Щ]
[õģ]

ĺöܶ࣬Ǹֽ൱һֶǳºͣʳݵĿԴãͬʱӰ˳顣ʳĿʳݿΪʳͬʱԽԽ͵ľͻСΪʳֻʳ˵ưߣİ޽ɡҲΪǿɱҲᵼԸӴֱʧȥǣôҲмֲԻǵ飬ƽҲѵʳʱ
ϵͳЩº͵ĽھϵͳӦǺʺϵͼͨʳõģҲҪע⣬ʹˣҲɺصĺԳڶظһͨ˵⣬ǷǳõĲЩÿưƽֲ൱ɫҩģڶжҩ壬ħš
Ƕͨ˶ԣǴǹӵ̬Ҳ̫עĿ
ǺöƲźá
ţǵѹȥ
ѹὥҲѹܶϵͳȨʵǵȨ̫ˡκһ򿪵ˣϵͳҪɵÿȡÿԴ̫׸̡鶼ǣռеԽԽ̰ģõԽԽԸʱˣɲͻ
ղţҪʼսԼµĹأ޲ðԴôḻĿ糹ռΪУ
ҲܷḻϾЩռĶͬ࣬ĵ¹۶ٻΪƣɿһ岢ͬ࣬һСģͿҪ̰ɱˡ
Һã绹ǼʱסԼ
Լ̫ӣ뻹ôû򿪣ֻҪܻôã羰ô࣬ȼʶˣһͲʲôˡ
˼Ҳһ˲¶ع뵽һµ⡣
һνˣΪȬͻԾǸÿɳչܵøѼƷĿռ䣬ʲôӦȻ̫ǼһѹôԼһνùϸ˵ˡ
ڼļһƷۿգδ棬ǾҪϻ𣿵ȻϻҲû˸˵ʲôɲϻԵб²ǣ
˼һָϵͳͨ
[ϵͳҼǵǰεеĻȡλΪֲռ䣬еĻ㿪ֲ¹ܣָʺڵң]
ϵͳɵسĬ
һ㶡
[ôˣʲô]
ϵͳŻش
[ܱǸϵͳ޷ȡİλ棬Ҳ޷ֲ¹ܡ]
𾪣ȻӦ
ŶںϽָʱ֪ˣϵͳһֱǴеģǰϵͳþȶԼкܶϸС𣬵ȴ޲
֮ǰʱϵͳһֱֵܣûʵУڣڵϵͳΪʱ
ϵͳദû˴˺ҲϤˣӦԺ󣬾Ȼѯʡ
[ܲ޸ⷽˣ]
ûϵͳشֲ䡣
[ҪǲܣҸ׼ٷܡ]
ϵͳûͣ٣Ѹٵظش
[û취ȫ޸Ŀǰʣ32000ңȫ޸ȡλ湦Ҫ20ң޸ϵͳеһ룬Ҫ֧10ңȫ޸ֲҪ30ңͬеһ룬Ҫ֧15ҡ]
[ֲʹñȫ޸ϵͳʱȡܿȽв޸֧25000޸λ湦ܣÿλ1000ҽаλѡкʵİλ󣬻1ҹ̶ͨΪðλˣٽλֲռ䡣޸ǰλ޷ڲдͨڣҲܹͨ衣]
ţüͷȽȻɿ
ϵͳϵͳΪʧ˺ܶ๦ܣҪһ޸Ҳܹ󣬵Ǻܿ͸ĿǰɵŽ⡣
Ȼλ治ܽڲһ˷ֵΣգϵͳļµģʹΣ٣ϵͳǿѸٵؽ
ҲһʧֻǱƸԲѡ
ۣ֣رʾ
[޸ɡ]


58 Ů
Ļ, еڲ΢ı仯
仯ҵ, ںϸڵĵطͻȻͱһЩƵġ缴ʹûվҲܲһ˿Ĳͬ
˼
, ϵͳȻϵͳ޲˲ֵʱȻҲܾ, Լǿ, ϵͳϵӵؽܡ
[޸, Ƿλ棿]
ԼǮ
ʣǧ, ûһλҪ1000ңҲֻߴλ, һ, Ҫ1ҹ̶ܰġ
ھ, Ҳ޷̸죬ˡ
[ʱ, аɡ]
, ٵ̵һķԺɡ

ʵ֤, еˡ
Ϊս, һλǰݼ
λ, ʮλ¿֮һ
ŮŮʣԷ衣
翴λò޵Ůʣͦпġ
ۻһĿ˸ͨ˻ǲͬ, ҵļ㣬ͨҲǲͬġһȨʹɱҳ޹ֻҪˣû¶Ͳ̺ҵ
ֻҪʼȶģôۻʵĹǷǾҪŻһ㣬»ҵʱˡ
λŮĿǰλոռ꣬Ȼڶ࣬Ҳ˼ʮûڵĻӹزҲûüѹµӡ̫ƽʢϷǵûҵڣ֮ࡣ
Ȼ˵˵ʱ˼벻ˣۻҲ⣬Էʢ꣬ӺѣʹȺɫҲܿסȨʱûֵ̫ƷʱˣȥѹĸĸҲͬᱩѹΣǻ˺Щʱıƽֶλұ֤Ŀǰʧķᵼ³񲻹áӰ
һ͸ҵˡ
ۻʾǵۻʣºͻѼҲ˺üʮĸÿһĸϣһԽ100-200ĸ
Ů磬һŹեĹ֭㹻ΣĻٻһӡҪһûеģǷ¹̫֭ֻʵ̫
Է֮ǰὲʲôۻʵӣŸ̨ϹӰ˵ЩǷҪĸҪ
ϵͳʱؽйۡ
[ĸŮֲƷԻ׶⣬ͨȼĿǰĹΪĸ800/ãĸ3/š]
ϵͳĹָʵֵչϰߣôǵĸΪ350ÿãĸΪ1ÿš
[ĸһ50ãÿһϹ100ŵ150֮䡣]
[Ŀǰĸڽڡ]
ü
ڵ˼ӦҹҲٸ100ţλŮǰеĹӶˡ
ǽթ
Է赱Ȼ׹͹ӷֿ󻯣ѹϣ˼Ǻ޵ֺСЩҲ150ţҲһĲƷõġ⵱ȻҲ޿ɺǡ
ȻԷϸŸ棬һˣѵչ𣿵ȻǺЦ˶Էĺˡ
˵׶ֲ350/꣬ĸ⣬400/չŮʣЩɵ2ҡ
Էɫһϲٴ񣺡л
ͷʲô󣿡
Էԥ˵ҪܱᡢάòƷ
ƽɫҪò볤٣ŸսУܶණƺҲԣȻҪɫҪ󡪡ʹҪҲóȻҪ˽ȥ취ػصŪ
ôʣµľò볤ˡ
Լϣʮ꣬ʱü治ᣬʵͷ־Լ۽ǳϸƣò˥ϵףҪģȻǱഺˡ
ЦЦȥʯ̨ѡɣһ׵ƷҪĶ
Է˵ǣ
Էʯ̨ʧʯ̨ռ
翴ĸ˼;
ǺܶıܣΪڵȺҪиǱڵԼԽõ顢ƷԽߵ飬Խ͡
þõġƷ׸ߵ鲻ƣǻãĻ󲿷ֶԴ󻧣˳ɳôԴԴ޵ģһİҲм޵ģҪ̫ࡢƷ̫ˣҪĿˣᵼò籾ԴԴ٣ĵȼҲͻή͡
еԸɱ飬ǸϣѰ仯ϵͳǵıԴĵȼӶܷɷܵƣǵڸ߽λ顣
һǵҲӵǿ󣬼ʹ֣ͬ㹻ĵ
ĸĹ֭ӣȻӵķ򣬾һĸӦŮĿǰƷ̫ͣ׾ֻ0磬üƷף𽥴ﵽκ鶼ӵĵز
ȻûǷֿ粻ͬƷв𣬲ͬĹеŮŮƴӣеӣеԼԼӡ
үүǸϵ֮ĸҲǴǱһƷϵеġ
ڵȼߵƳ߶ӵ£Ҳʲô£ͬһ粻ӾˣˣȻԺģԺȻǾͿԿû͵ȥ
˵ˣʵܸߵĿˣҲûӣǺҪʸߵģ߲вҪİɡĸܳĵط뻹ǵȼ͵磬ǺܶͨҪĶ
˼һͨ΢Է軹ڴ֡ݡݣ϶Աȼ۸Чǿģ֪һʱǣǰ¿ٳһʯ̨ռ䡣
ʯ̨ռûлҲûоֻзȥĺܶŵ顣
Щ飬п̡̡лûƿǵĸѳѵȡ
е鶼۾
Ǳеɲǣʱͱˣ۹ãǵһҲһ֣ʶҲס
ֻеǱҪ뿪ǲŻᱻѣʱ
Щǵ飬ǿʢ㹻ǵģЩûԻ޷γǵģҲͶʱŽˡ
°͡
ҪôأȻͬǵ飬Ǹøصġ
˼ϵͳйͨ
[ʯ̨ռ԰ɣȷֿ˵]
[ϵͳƾԸ]
΢΢һЦ
[УͰ˵]
[õģ]
緢ʯ̨ռҲٷű仯

ããؼ䣬һֱͨͨǰͷ
ͨߣͻأسһ԰ӡ
ÿһ԰Ųͬķ羰ǣÿһ羰ǣС԰ӷֿ
԰԰֮䣬ͬƲһĵ·
վĵһ԰ǰ
ûŻֻһҡ
ס½԰
ٿұߵĵһ԰ӡ
ͬϷдţס԰


59 ĸʤ
½԰, ÿһС԰ӵķ羰ʵ϶ʺĳһ½/Ļ, ԰С԰žľģ̯ϰ񳲣̬಻ͬ, ӦݾסϰߵġҲЩС԰гƬĻһЩĹľ֡һЩûô׳ĻľȣﰲһЩ泲䳲Ѩȡ
Ȼ, Щ, Ҫҵġ
һ·ǰȥ, Ϊ½԰, ұǿ԰Ǵ׿ʼ, һֱŽס
Ժ԰, ǿյûκƷˡ
㵽Ž׵԰, ܿһƬĺЩϳʮ, ÿϷҲ, дšĳס԰
ֻͬ׵׺԰ƷһЩĳ˯ںе顣
һһ߱, ԰չֳЧʮ⡣
ϵͳȻʧ, ÿһƾԻ, ȿǽʱܹǵ飬֮˫ѡ
ǻûƿǵġҲûϵ
ܱŽ԰Ķģʶ, ƾ豾ܣҲܹѡǷ׽ԷܶԷĹ򣩡
ٴθһѡʯ̨ܺá
[ϵͳûƷ԰Ӷϡ]
ҲǸദˣϵͳҲ·
ҪϸʱͼΧӿɿؾ£ŷֱƮ˶֮԰ǣЩ԰ӵĴšȫڵʵʵǽ֮·ϣҲֻܿߵĹƲ㣬Ƽ԰ӵӰֱЩ԰ҲƷǲܡ
Ժ԰龰ʱԷǱ˷Ӧһת˲ͱϵͳ͵֮ϡ
ͬʱԷʯ̨ռ߳
ѸɨԼ塣
ϣؼ¼ԷĹ¼
ٲ10  Ʒ  100/
ջ5  Ʒ  300/
6  Ʒ  600/
»3  һƷ  700/
񾭡  һƷ  1500
ǹ  һƷ  1400  
ϼ11100ҡ
Ƥźۼ
üһλŮܹҲңͻһ룬Ҳǹġľǣٲݡջ»ʥƷȻΪֲĵرӵһôϡ
۵ṩˬϣͷ߲һ۷ֱͲ˵ԼǸóܵģʲôãҲġ
Щ̲Ҳˡ
Է軹ѡһŹһսⱾҲ۽ı֣ûΪԼǵۻʾ;ʵҪѡǸֻǺġ񾭡ʵǿԷһ£ʵĿʵǡ
ṩϣһصΪȥĵط࣬õҲԣ׷ɱȻ󰵴Ʒɱ࣬ǻܽԼҲʲôаɵģõĶܲϣֻҪﻹװһᶪ֪ʲôʱĸ깵ؾͻҪأ
ڽкһˡ
ô˼һ£ͨģֱһ㣬⹦һ൱ʺϲɲġ˫޹
ΪʲôǲɲأΪǲǸ档
ŮǿҵģŹΪ죬Լ΢һ㣬ҲвСôġϡ˵һǧأ
ΨһֻСǹʩչ׵һսʹüһ̶ϴĥǡ񾭡ٻе鸡˫ǹҲֲһⷽȱݡ
һСǵĬĬ̾ڵԷתͦģȫûлӹļ󰡡
ʱԷڵվٴ񣺡軹빺飬ȫ
׬Ǯ£ûʲôþܾģֱӴӦ
Էʲٴο۳1000ңվԭأѸٽſľ䡣
ûãԷɫԽԽѿ¶Ц
ݱ硣
е棬ŮʿԼǵУ׹ŮƷڻȥԺɵʲôڻûԲУʲôǰɵвɣ
¶ɣ˵ǳϵĸŮ֮ĻɱûãͰˡ
Ҳʲô̫ľ顣
Է衭
ȥԺ󣬵ȷûǰɱ֮ӣôҲŮ߰꣬Ÿ޹ȥ˵ˣܽУòڻ£ԺҲ᷸룬һëѾͷֻҪȶܱƷ
ǣֻߵļԷãǸŮԷҲܵͷ
ԷԼĸоŮǸڶɫϲϣ˵İúǽӽ룬ȹϸʮ꣬𽹴ҲɣۺϿζȫ󹬣㹻ˡ
֪Է뷨һŮʲô͵жҪһٸ;Բվʮţþκͣܲӽ𣿰Ůĺ󹬱Լĺʲôɧǲҵġɱ
Էߺ˸俪ʼջ
ҲΪ˺ܶĻۣҲľͻƣǸСڵüκ󣬻ʣµĲ֮һĻһȥСڵ΢΢һȦ
ͬʱҲʽͻƣΪһ׵ߡ

Լ⿴ԶǻХңûмХˡ
ڵһƤѩ׵߳߾ʱЦЦ
ҲЦЦ
ڲﲻôۣĸˣԭ䱾ֻʱţΪĴƸԾﶨˡֻϧĴƸͱúܲãȥˣ۸ģǿǿʮ꣬ҲĴƸȥڲĽӼ𽥳ꡣ
ǰ˵ȻھӣʵǲϤԼرڸХ׺ƺˡȻȴҲԸԼ˽
ڲǰմлʱҪȥһХɻХԶһԣҲֻšȻ˵ϴ·ؼʱˤһӣѾˡеͬҲһȥ̽
ҽ˵ֻܻܲܿԸʱСʱѣôֻܰĻˡ
һʱԶӻˣХ򼱼ææظХȥû뵽ûԻХ˵ʵ飬峤ͰѻХлȥ£ʲôҲ˵ڶʱȥһХ֪ХѾŲζ뿪䣬ȥɽͷɽȥʯҪЩܹ
ΣôĵطȴܵһʱХҲΪα侲Ҳƽ˺ܶࡣ
֮ĵȴХҲ˵ڻԵĵǼʱѹˣֻʲôҲǵˣҲʶˡҽжûд⣬ͻǻصĸµס
û뵽ʧǿֿʣҲûɢ˵ĹϵȻܿͱò
ʱкеʱ򻹻٩٩
ãȻһòڵÿ˺ܶܶࡣ
磬ǺԸ⽻ѵġ


60 ϴ
ʱ, ͣ½Ų, ʣζӻûȻХãʲôʱʽ񣿡
۾
ɵ, ǰǺϲХģÿθ˵ͣݺ, ڲסĸ, ڻХǼҪ, ֺܼʡ
ڵ, ûЩĽʵʱҲûֻ, ֻеĶŪͺ, Եøⲻͬǰϵ, ڿʱüϧֻ翴һͨѡ
Ҳ, ôͶø, ǰĲȫˡ
ҪشͻȻ, Զиʳ߹, 峤һ, ֻȻХСһĻɡ
βζӴӻХȥˣɾڲЭ峤¡
߽˵, ûвԾĵط
ʶԣǵͬԣԼȴܡˡ࣬еΣûиദʱôȻ
ûʲôԾĵطл峤ġ
ɵͷʱ̬ȸº͵㣺ζӻˣڴжʯҲڣҸ㻹Ҫһ
һҹȥ
֪δɩϵãͷһȥɡ
ԲζҲȤһҲʣҲܹȥ𣿡
ɵüͷ
֪ǰϲ磬͵͵Ŵ磬ʧԸˣΪѾˣڵӻˣȥˣ
ûм䣬ֻȥʯǰ֪ʲô뾡ܶ˽һ磬ھ͸㲻Ϊʲô峤ĶӻӦѵʲôأ

ȥХֱӸ˵һɣǿȥ
ɼûֻôӦȴ룬Ҫŵ磬Ŵ硣

ʮװҰɫʯͷͣڲǰĿյϡ
Ĳţһͷͷʨ֮ޣһͷƤë׶೤ľ޻Ǽ߽ʱ͵̧ͷ
ıܼ̾ͳȥ
磬עķӦ
һ֪һȥķ򣬾ͷϻͦģȻ߾ֱЩ󳵳صʯϡ
ȻʯǳΣһοǲõȱˡ
ɷԻХûйעŶԷֻǵ뿴ζӡãϲʲôˣֻҪӰ͸ɩĸ飬Ƕɡ
ûԶХԣԱߡ
ҪǰǲģԼ˻ûХ䲻ϻХˣôûأڲͬˣκĶֻһ㡢һХһ
Х򣬱ſŵģʱ˵صͺ
ˣЦЦ˵㣬ȥԺкܶ໰Ҫ˵
ХˣôԴ˲
ͻȻ׻Х⣬
Զ粻⿴һĻͻȻеп
ã粻лޣ˻ӣʵǺףЩԻХĸ飬ҲһЩݵÿ̫ܶҲšڣХôϲһûӣͻȻ־ã޵Ҳûʲôôֿĸټ
ţ粻Ծһۻɡ
ͷХһҵģҲںٲٰɡ
ɱ翴һ㶡
Ҹʲô


Х§Ǿȣһ˿ֹסĿϲκ𣿡֪ԸֱӾ˵ҪʲôҲУʲôԻ˵˵ȥһ
ںòã֪ںΪںģһʹֻ࣬ҪԺ󶼿ĵģͶûϵ
죬̲סЦˡ
صͷ˵ţеģʹˣ˵һеģ̽ţһǸһƹźܶ磬Щ΢ˣԸһЩƷǵԸ
ХҲô£ߴҪȥѼʲôĹƷ
ش𣺡˵ڵ磬1磬ǵһǰĶԻһķңȷҴչˣͿƾĶ˵⣬ͻȻʲôˣң˵ֻҪ㹻һܿҺͲһʱˡ峤ĸףһ֪ġ
Хһһж档
ǣĴ𣬳Զֻʱ⣬ŬȥԡģȻЩǱɽҰˡ
ԥһ£СʣХ˵е£Ҫ峤𣿡
Хüͷ˵Ȳǰ¶Ūˣȥ߸ס˸ʱ䣬ٵֻ֪Ժˡ
ǸûʲôģȻӻХĻ
ٴͷҶġ
Х̲סЦˣɡ
һ죺Ҷġ

ͻƵһ׺ɬҲֻ࣬Ȼ20002һʱ˵
ȻͻƵһ׺ǸСڵˣ̵ٶȻûٱ仯ͷͣ̾ﶼе㷢ۡ
ˡ
ûͷ֣ڱͬʱӵıͷų˿˿ȴ΢ͬһ
飬֪ǻı֣ġ
Ѹ׽˲䳯ԼѪ˹ȥɲǼ䣬ȵůȫʣоͦģƤůľҲøһЩȻůʵԽԽ죬ҲԽԽ࣬ÿһƤһʼʵ΢΢ٵ̵òУоԼ˸ڻϿƵģֱҪ
绹ˡ
ǿͣתֻܰЩɢݵͽƤ⣬СڵֹͣıڵɢҲԽԽ١ԽԽ̵ĸо㻺
ڰȫݺݵ³һʱ͸մˮ̳Ƶģһ󺹡
Ȼô׵¡
[ϵͳеطϴ]
лȡԼжˣԼôҲܰ
[ҪϵͳΪ]
롣
[ԡҺ񻭷粻̫ԣҶ㣬İ취û]
ϵͳô
[еģϵͳ]
Ȥ
[Ҫô]
绰µɲǣֻһεѸٴɨͷţﵽ⣬ôһ˲䡪
ĸоʧˣ·ʲôһ飬ⶼɾˣˮʪ͸͸£Ҳȫһ㺹ˮûˣ൱ĸˬ
ϵͳ˵
[Ѿˣ]
磺
ȷʵѸ٣ϵͳҲ̫ˡ
·Щ
Ȼпˡ
ϵͳԼ͵ȥ
ϵͳذ˹ȥ
ûп˸ԴǸĿˣվڵ⡣
˶Է롣
ǣ߸ϵ֮ͿһλʳˣѵһͷȻһһĥ
лҪ˵ϵͳлӦġ


61 ĩ
ûд﹤ߵĿ, ֻΪ, һڵԪعҲͬקһͷ޴Ұ޵
΢飬ȻûĿ, Ҫôĥȥ֪ĥá
ǡ
һָ
ϵͳ൱ϵ˸͡
ֻһᣬԼŵҰ޶һڶʯ̨档
񼣣
Ȼ񼣣
ѹסĿ, ϵߵ
, ͷţ, ԭ뻢Х, лľˡ
Ƥ
ϴμʱɣػɡ
, ˶, ܻǰ, ھô£Ժ, 㶮ġ
˵ţ, ͷֵ300ҡһ䣬ԴſϿ
Ȼ֮, ˱Ҳʲôʲôⲻ̫, ſֱӰѺܶϢ, һνʱ⽲⣬¶֮࣬ŵĲǻġ
Ĳ֮, ֪ôġ
ʱĻͨſٻ壬İֵġšܼ֡¼ܶϢ֪ôģڿЩֵʱҲ֪ǵ˼ȷʵдš300ҡ
ٴߵݣϣͻХйƷܿΪϡ
һˣλϹӦ׼ͦˣʳÿһͷ͹ǺҪһͷһͷظϹ
ǣ˵м̡Ʒ
ػش𣺡аͷ
磺ĬһӺ˸飬֮ĹƷͷſڰɡ
æٴߵݣлʴȡ
ͷȥɡ
м㣬ܿ뿪

ԭ⣬صɽꡣ
ΧѾ޷ۣһߴվɽȥ
򣬿ǰȷɳһŰɫƬͻȻһŹֵĶڣž޴ţ޴Ƕڳ߽ͨȥ£Ȼŵˡ
ֻ˰ʱңһɵشӶ˳Ǽ˵ХҼˣϹͷţޣ300ң
Хæס¹۲˺һȷʵûһ㲻׵ĵطŷӦոյĻҲ¶˵ЦݣǾ̫ˣ
Ȼϸľ
Х룬ͬĹ۵㣺ȷǳʴȡ
ҲԼҵʳˣҪֻϽеȻôԶȥݼɡֻϧû취

°ϣǰˮ
ˮһֻڿҿҵϣһͷһͷذ;޴Ұᣬȫѷһ
ҲʮӲɡ
ûж֮ķϵ
һӡ
ˮʧˣһ룬ͬߵҰޣͳͳŲƵʯ̨֮¡
ֱͷԼ˸طǰ߸ϵģ֮
µĹƷ
Ҳˡ
˼ƷҰޣв𣬲ܸţ޵ȼۡƽԺÿͷԽ260ңϼ2080ҡ
ûκ飺ǣ
ϣ2380ҡ
ǽţˣʲô󣿡
Լſ壬дƼƷ
о飬һֿ˵ҩһĹҲ֪ˣܹʵİ취ʳֻżԵС͵ҰޣͿԺͻХһȥˡңûХԼһѧ
ÿһֲϲҧҧ˵Ҫҩ
ʵڵ뽻׹ƼĹ̫ˣǿ綥һ׶⹦һεĶƷҪ2000һϡ
ҲûԼȥǸʵʳˣʴȵƭ
ѡҲ⣬ָᳯǰ˵㡣
һҩֱӷɵǰͬʱϿ۳320ҡһ룬ٴο۳1000ңſӿľ顣
ȡԼˣ֪档
վ˺һȻܼǿػع񣬹ذݱ硣

ҩ߳УХеʱ̲סۿֺˡ
֪ʲôдԽߣڵѾǰ磬֪պýУǰͻ͵͵ϴ·ʱƽˮٻˣǰʱûпˣٻʱֻ粻СˤϢʵϲǰûкԼˤˡ
Щġ
û뵽ХΪô£ֺ磬ΪȷʵΪ˺ܶ๱ףҲûкԼļ䣬ԻХҲһֱţۻХΪһĳˣôƴȴˡ
뵽˽ХУʹ
Хո򻹺ܸˣôͻȻôģ֪ôֻܻҵıȱ׾޴롣
˺ܾãĨᣬ϶ذѾ˵˳
Хû뵽Ǳ˻§ҧÿ졣
ֻǣǸػ뺦ԭѾˣڵǸˣǨŭʵʹ޵ԼףΪŻᱻ˼ʣҲ̫޴Ȼûһֱߡ
һɡ
á
һԣһǶøǿ󣬾Ҳû˿˺㡣
á
Хž飬󣬶ǵܻܵɺ͵ܷĹˡԭΪֽİչ˱øǿҲ˸ˣھһЩۺջǰʴȵҲǾԭ䣬ЭץסǸһǿµһòøĲǿʹУҲһѡ

ܵǮǲ̫áĿǣЩ˵ûȥһеģмһֱûʲô
룬ȥƽչ
ҪǻҪһʱ׼ٳѪµĿ˹

ĩ硣
ܲϯȫŶ̶̼ʱ䣬ѾĿˡ
һѡҲΪĩûĩ֮ǰڵǺƵġƼķչ̶ࡣ
õԼĿͻݣֱϵͳԼ͵ĿǰŮڵĻء
ء
ҲĻأĩǰһ׶
Ŀǰĩǿľ
ſкܶסźܶˣǶǴ˷Ϲģ֮ǻصҪϿǽȥǰЩʱиͻرɥʬ壬ѵľ̫࣬ӵ¹ȫ룬ֻܸṩһдȴ顣
Ѫû⣬ܷǽȥ
Ȼ̫ƻأʱɣֻϵͳסټ˳һʱס֤

ڣ˶ɫҴң籾ʱŵĵطɹȥһʣ˼ֻվˡ
磺
ŶûĻҡ
ʱһ˿


62 ȥ
΢Ц𣿡
ֽʹû, ӦͨõĲŶ, ȥһ˴ףԪعĽƱǻһЩģûꡣ
þƵԱʾǸ, ֻվˡŸɾ˶Էһ, ϰ忪ҾƵ, ֻվ, ҪӴߡһ, ǱߵĹҪСһЩʳ, κˮȻױƷҲյġ
ͷл
˵תߡ
[ϵͳ, ֱӴǸƵꡭ, ȳذɡ]
[õģ]

ǴͳиĽ, кܶСС֮, Ȼܶط˾ӵϴҲСӳȥɱ, ɥʬ൱, ܶ඼̾ڲͬ, ᱻѪл˵ĵطƶԾôǵټſɼ, ˴ͻصڲ⣬Ҳûȫȫĵط
ϵͳ޺ۡ͵һسǱߵ˶߹ˣܶɥʬǻ·Զ֪ƣһ
ɥʬ̬治ôÿԵƤ۰ήǳ֡⣬ֱӱתɥʬΪǲ֪ʹû֪ھһʱײҲ˲ٴˡܿ֡
ȻɥʬǿģԺеĸеĻÿ
ڵİɥʬֻʱƶ𽥱òôӲѣֻøӽýͬʱҲӡá
ȰȥĳҹͻȻѪգɥʬ䣬ǲٶȼʮؼӿ죬ǳбʶ˴ɾˣҲѪӿ
ͬʱɥʬҲˣɵɱʶ౶
ҪֻǸͨˣᵱֻԼСģΪܹͨϵͳ֪ÿܱϵͳϵ綼ڣԼӦûֹ
е㲻⡣
[ѵҪ]
Լǵãǰй飬ȻԽǿԽӶĽԽкôǵǵĸԶãҺѾʱͻջضƫ֣ƶȻʱڽʡıԴµ顣
ϵͳͣһŽн
[Ѿͨش𣬲ԼоģѾֶͬǰͬ¼һٷΪ˳ӦڲɵģԲֹʱڣȫµķ]
[ԭΪΪǻʼٸߣҳʼʱĿ̫࣬ĩ󣬺ܿǻۣȡĵλȻе֮ӳΪеĿˣδĽֶб仯]
Ȼ಻ǵһ˺üκ˳Ȼˡ
и⡣
[ҼǵиģıԴһˣ]
ϵͳش
[ûС]
[ߡ˲ֿ˵]
֮˵ǡ֡ΪֻԼˣΪֹһҹΪԼˣʵϲ
ҪģܶʱıΪ˴ٽģһߣҪĲٱԴġǲرҪĻôйԼıԴʱǽԾǾ͵Ȱȣؽˡ
˷ʱʲôģ治ô⡣
˵ɥʬġ
ͻ룬ҲһԼĵ
ɥʬڿһ߾ߵʬ壬ô죬ʵǺһףôʬУǻ᱾ܵؾï}ˡ
һֱϵͳңڸõϵͳþˣܲʱֻװտӰɣڴʱûеõ㹻Ķڵĩ磬ܿһԵġԶȺͿɱָС
һƣ棬һֱ۳Ĵ󿳵
ϣһһ׵ʺڵʹáȻҲֻʱʹõġ
ʱûעֻǻڽŵףһԾͬһֻһٵشһͷɥʬͷӹ
ӹɲǣɥʬͷǹǱ׼¶Խһö͸ˡ
[ϵͳæ]
[õģϴɣʱԲա]
[лϵͳ]
磬ɥʬǧｲĲ룬Դˣ֪㣬ֲΪ˲ɥʬǿȣȻôɱôɱһʼһͷͷɱһͷͷɱ̫򵥣ͻɥʬȺɥʬצƤλƬɱ
ɥʬĸоã׼ȥģʼʱͦģ˵ӦԶǺǿģҲһöҲľˡ
֪䣬ѾһֵɥʬɾоٿɥʬʱѾûһ˿}˸Уžε㵽λ
˦˦󿳵ѩûմۻࡣ
ǳı
[ϵͳжˣ]
[157š]
磺˻
ٿһոɡ
ȻתڵĴȥ
ֵϣɥʬǻҡҡڰڵģûΪߵĽֵе㶯ܹΪǻû̫Զһ͡춯ˡ

ϵʮͷѾɱɥʬɥʬߣվ
ߵĶ߰˸ˣΪ׵Ǹ׳˶Ҳ׺ᣬиĽСĹúƯϱе㺦µӡ
׳еͬҲǺ׳ʵˣͬĸ׳վһ𣬶Զ֧̬Ⱥܲ
С˵֪ǴҲԣ̫ˣԺرˣǸˣɻǱϳ飬Ҳû˵ʲôѽҺòҵ氮һˣôҪǵôףҲ̫˰ɣ
һ֧ͲһŮӳǸӢˣСⷬٿ׳жһƱͬı飬̲סǳ鴤
ߵĹܸһͷ̷ɫǸսģʱһ˿б۳˷˸ۡ
û᳤ڵ˵ɰ׵ģҵһȺɵӡ㿴Щԩͷǲ˵ǣ
˺ҵʱˣ
ǺǵЦˣҲûҿ
ˣǲǶмҸʱȥˡ
֪ڸʱ䣿
˵⣬˳Է˸ۡ
ĽСûһ˿Թ
ûܶķӦҲûȤɴ
ϻ˵һɡ
Ļһ䣬СĳԱ
ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ѾһƬˮͬʱһԱעƬˮŷ׵磬ˮ֮УǵصسŶ֧ȥ
ߵϣҴڵ͵ȼܷӳ˰ٷ֮ٵе׳ӳӦҲѸһƬǽҪ׵
ܿϧҲһڵͼ󲿷ͨҪ㣬ȻĬĶͲͦ࣬ǽķΧҲܲ󣬸û취赲סеĹ


63 ſں
׳ӳסԼͽС, ׵ǽφ, ĶԱеΪеΪСûг׶㿪ǻ׵ˮϵĸо൱ˬ, ̾ʧȥսԭϴ˵˾͸ˣ˲Ӿ, ǿҵʹǰ
Сû뵽һʱ߾͵ô, ʱ޵ҧ
ͬʱ, ׳ӳӣ, Ƕǲģǿ߰, һǾ͸ˡ
׳ӳǽ, ˿Ա, ü˵ֵǡ
СϸϸõڣԺܸǱѽ, ǻûһ, ǵĶҪˡ
׳ӳеѽСһ, Ȼûټ, Ӿһ񱼹ȥ
Ե׳ʵˣ
ȻǾͰѳ޵ĿͶһ, ȻûԹǵĶӳͽС
һӵĶԱǸˡ
иСֽеǰɣȥǸ̲軹ǰģҲǶӳ, ЩǵˣԲ𣿡
һЦǿɲԲУ㵱ǲ֪ԼˣҪҪǳϱˣԵǰɵ𣿲һǣҲӻȥء룬ŶɣǰƯӼûһҲűˣҪǳˣҲǳԼһǴҪ˼Ҫۿġ
СⲻǸɵ𣿡
ƲƲ죬ʲôûУЩֵģĩǰûԱúܣĩˣΪԼƯӳݣޡ
˼仰úܣ̼Ǽ̱ڵص׳࣬޲һӶŪ
ûʲôֿȥܿŭֻܼ̯š
һӵĶӳˣڰ˵ˣɡȥѾڳŵļһʹ졣
ԱǶ˵ˣˢˢ˵֪ˣ᳤
ڳ˷׷׻ذߵ׳ǰһذһĨ˲ӡ⼸׳۾ɵôģ벻ôͻȻͱɱˡǸҸ⼸ҲǿǴۣѳ޷ϣҲǾѧ϶
˭û뵽Щ֮ǰĴѧֻôϡ
Цһųˮϴϴذס
Ƕɱ˿񣬿˭Ҳɵӣô˻ɱˣҪǻȥԺβ鷳
Ǳھ˵ѾˣиȥϴˣתǱߣˮܽȵԺ󣬸պͷš
ˮĳˢ¿ٵرɾųţͻȻһ
Ծſ
ﲻԾüƺſʲô
ͬһʱ̣һ۵ͻȻ̧ͷ˵Сģɥʬ궯ֿһȺھ£
˶ʱ䱸
ӳܹϣ˵նˣ
Աнֹ׷Ѹٻǡþ˱ϴòˣĿռ𾧺ˣߵжԱһſ
ԱҲͳ׼
ͬſһߴжԱıͷ󺹵˵βûɥʬϰǰзСУǰţڲɥʬ࣬ȥǱ߶㣡
ӳ˵ߣ
һ룬жԱһ̣ҲͼʮӣѾУһͬĶԱ󣬽ŵ˲͵غϡ
ȽĶԱϣɳεɥʬæµĶԱѰҳص谭ڲٴһ
ȫЩеСǰ
ܵͣǰ档
ֵܳСоֿڽһٶףѾԿͬҡҡλ߳ȥɥʬˡ
ижԱ̾˿ˣûڻۣһСֵöˣɥʬǾȫȥˡ
ǳоŪĺö۸񲻹ԺһʱЧڿɥʬŵǵζֻɥʬһɥʬۼⶫЧҲûˡЩǱ߸һ߿Ըһ˵ֿѾɥʬۼˣͱѸҸ̵ĵطˡ
жԱʣ᳤ô죿
ӳ˵ŰɣȻָܣ۵Чʧɥʬɢ취һɱϾǿҪһֻûҪʹãȡÿһ˶ܰȫصء
ԱǱأȴһ񣺡ˣ᳤
ֻиһֱֹĸоûһӦ
ӳĲԣҲûָֻڶԱԱԺ󣬲ŸһʾСʣô£
ҡҡͷʱ˵׼
ӳٷʡ
ԱǽŵعעϢ
Ӻ󡭡
ɥʬ½½ֿڷȥƺǱ߻ʲôǡ
̲ס²⣺ѵɥʬȥǺǿСӣ
²ܺҪǺĶ飬ϰٵɥʬΧ£ôּܼӻûŪֳأ
ǸǿָһЩܵҲܺɣǵСӵİȫԼʹԴǿаѾͷųȥ
Ȼı顭
Աࣺ
ʲôӦѾջɣˡ
һʱҪջɡ
ָ˵
ӳǣ㿴ʲô
߽Ƶ˵Ҿãǿֱӳȥˡ
Աǣɶ

ڶо̽ܵͬΣԱȻ㲻Աľһƿſڵϰӳ˳ȥ
ţǰָʾֿڵķȥ
ȷʵżʮʮֻɥʬ۵ǵϺ˵һٶɥʬʬ壬ԼЩɥʬ֮䣬ԿǵĸӰ
ԷŵһѺصĴ󿳵Ǵ󿳵Կǵʱôӯ׼ӰĶ൱죬ʹһκüֻɥʬצӶҪˣȴ֪ôÿצӾͶˡ

ͬʱԱҲΪʲôҪߴǸϽˡ
ΪٲЩɥʬͱˡ
Ҳ֪ܣֻƾһϵͿԿɥʬвˡԺڶܵʱҲԲܺԼʡ
һ⡣
˿ɥʬѹҪΧҲǡҲǲܰ
Ȼ￴˶ǵʣ¶һЦ
ͱˡ
Աǣ
һһͷͦɥʬԿǺڵϣǴ󿳵Ҳ֪Ǹʲôʣûһ˿ɫѪ
˶ϵĻң߿Ȼȷʵǡ
߹
ŹߣСһʼûܿĳ߽࣬ʱòҲ
һźҲܿȻеиУʱЦݣкһʣôҲǴжġ
ԱǻеУΪλšͦѧܵġ
룬ǿɲҶܿôɥʬĺ١
λǣߵǰʱֱվǶƯĹǰ
ߴЦݣǹ˵һ仰
һᡣ
лҪ˵ ԱǣȻаɣ
磺ҲǣûУϹ˵


64 ǿƣ
ؿλƵ, ͻȻſ궯ʲôˡ
ſ, еһˣھԶĵط

ɣ
Ϊû뵽Լһֱչ˵ġͬеѧѩͻȻְ, ͱɥʬץסҲǳªĻˡ
ҺͻȻֵİɫſ, Ӵ˸ʱܵĵط, ø, ˵˱ӻԼȡԼҪĶ, ˸Լˣ˵ĩǰ
еĽ׷ʽ, Ҳĺܶࡣ
Ķδû, , ˸аȫеġ
һȥʱûʲôԻ, ԺһʱصС, ѩСӳԱǵţѩ, ܿһ, Ƶһɶ
ѩϵܺ, ȻкǿҵıѸУͬеĶȴмѩ, ѩ޵ÿ;ˣȰ˵
ѩܵʱѧ᳤ҲǵĶӳοһʾմԵӦöչˣѩǲǹĶ㺦ԲСӣһЩʾǼȰ˵еľ̫ϿеľȷʵûˮܺҪԱԹҲֻϢˡ
ڶ죬οһߣѩ죬ȵ·СӣҪǵȲҲȽһЩϰ
ѩԹޣû취Ҳֻ¡
οһڼ·ο˵Ĳ٣ʱϢָҲ׼·ԭο֪ƷһʼǶԱбϾвͬΪǰʣ·ϱֶȶгû˵ϸһҹĿľʱûأҵѩ
ϧʱȻѩܲˬռעûᵽοĺ⣬˵ҹһ߸οһҹһſݵĹеĹϢ
ٺ˳أȷǺܺʺο͵ǼСӣȻһ·۲ġʺϼĶԱ
һ⼸ƷӲױŪҲ룬;ΪѩֳģοΪûзֱһûҪ
齨ʱЩûѡеĵȻҲڣοʵǿǿѹ£ջǸԷɢ˭Ҳû谭
ڼ䣬һֱҵҵСԱϣһֱôܸԴȥһУѩ׵Ժ󣬿ɽɺˣοȷɱɥʬĺʵصжԱԶԶüֻɥʬΧסˣ˱ȲֶԱǺ˸ˮҺöԱĬɵЩɥʬ
ɸոɵ֮һ߾ͳ׳вһӣ΢ǣӾȻǰһӳѩѩԼûܣڱС˼죬ȵ˼׳ɵĶ飬ڡǰպþͼǸӳԺҲеƫϵߣǵ׳жӳϲãܿ˳֣õԱҲ˼˵أҲ¡
֧ǳɥʬģҲΪ˸ѩһױƷɥʬΧŵѷģҲ֪ɺϻǹ⣬պɥʬˣѩǾͳˣֱӾЩɥʬΪС
ѩһͨߵڰף׳жռ˵Ȼ
οһӴһ߹ģ֪ѩǸʲô⣬֪ûõģһͨ־Ǵһˡ
׳ж黹ûɳοܴھĥϷѡĶԱǻģȻ
ֻǿϧѩС͸һǿȻǸ˿ӣҵɵľͷһ··ٶȻر졣
ѩǻ
ľ߲鿴ɥʬȺĴڣɴһܸɵһСȺɥʬĺˡ
ֻҲû뵽˾ȻˣͨйġһĿˡ
Ȼſ֪ͨ磬ͬ˻һǿԻമŵģȴû뵽ô˵ˡ
ⲻЩС

ҲΪУкʱһʱûӦ
ûӦСԱһֲͬĸоˡ
Сֹ
ⶼĿˣһ黹ǹطꣿ
˧ͦ˧ģžͦģǰѰɡ
ҿǶӳƽʱͦĬģҲǸͷǰˣǸ˰ɣ۶ӳǲҲе㷴Ӧ
٣Ӧˣ
ͬһĻοܻǺܾԷʵȴվ԰ס
ʵʶˣ㲻һ£
ع񣬿磬ſڲ֪ô˵
ǣ֪λеĿˣӦҲǸӦͬǿ˶кģҪôܣѹͲʶ
ЦЦ磬ôƺ
֣գһᣬ
ⳡ棬ʱ˿ˡ
ˣӦʶİɣ⻰ֺǲʶġ
ѵ˵
ǻཻƬ
ͬһʱ̣ڳ˼С˽磬Цݶ㽩Ӳˡ
Щǲ̫һ㣿ĩûʲôֻĶԲ˰ɡ
Ҳ˵׳жУοҪǿ
ûοοҲչοʱ̬ôɣοѹͲ
ʲô߷չʶ֪మģרŸоġĩǸˣһǿľߣҲĩǰ̳Ⱥš
α
οαǲǺ
Ϊοα츸ĸֵܰ
ܸαʶοĹϵС
οͬͬĸá

ԨԴҪȺ˵ʼ˵ˡ
ο꣬ǸĸģʱᣬҶûʲôϵ뷨ͣܿοٻ
ǾƲˣҲ󣬲μҪ׵ĺӵľȣ֮İĥ˸ɾ
ܿ츸ȥˣٻؼңӶĸĸҲһڸߵĵطԱһɫܴຣˡ
οСڼңһ꣬ոοܶ£ŬصչõΡչˣҲƿͲҲ
ĸһˣô츸飬ƿӸ츸ʱ츸˻ʱ򱻿ˡĸû취ֻôƿƿͳ츸ɥæҵʱ򣬰˸Ժſڣѵʱ쿭ĳӴˡǸŮģȾöʹôһЩǶܰæ
ĸƯ쿭Ȼ쿭ΪοοʱСÿҪãĸҲòȥһδһΣοֻܱ졣
˼ңĸ֪ǼҹܼҵүӣΪ̫ƣǰµΨһαģСͯšĸûºӣͱССοŬοҲܴ£ҲŬĳҪȥá
Ůܼǿǵи磬ֻԼǱģƯܿ챻ǻ˼ͦģȻʮָԣǽسˡ
ֻϧŮտϴѧ󲻾ãˣһҲȥˡģɵĩĸ
˵˴ѧ֮ΪǿѧᣬοѧĻ᳤һ۾Ϳĸ׳÷ǳɻ취ͷȥdnaֹȻãò֪òǵˡ
ο飬ǰչˡ
Ҳûɵ׽УʮΡ
ȥһЩʱοͻ̹ԼĹϵȻͻȻ䣬ĩˡ
лҪ˵οû뵽ɣá


65 Դ
οһʱҵ, Ȼַͨʽȷ˱˰ֺѾڵһʱɥʬ, ϵŵĵʦǣ֯ŵĴѧƶƻѧУһߵֿһߵȴԮʳĴȷȲԮ, ѧǸСӷɢοԸ˳۶ȥ
αΪ̼ߣڶǰͼ˵۶о, ΪܱĶοΪ˱֤ԼԺͰȫ, ȥͶʹĩҲ쳣ҪоԺ˴׵·ˡ
һ֪
֪, ԭ, ûȥеɥʬץ˺󣬻ججʧȥټοѩ, ûĹ, ȥѰµĺۼ, ܿȷѩĻѻƪȻûȷ֤, жϳѩĶ⡣ûȴ, ѩ˱ǰҡֱ֮, ѾѩҵĽ֡
ڱɰ˰ʬ, һֱ, żȻ˽Գɼֲα󣬱αͨɥʬҪ׽ıɥʬǳǿ, ȻʱܵαܵӰ죬αҲûץֻתͨαоԱɺϵǣοαĶţʶϲͬʱΪŮ֮Ů֪Ǳ˴˼Ĺϵ
οεģοҲ֪αַǳ̵оԱοļ֤˫ɺαѪҺоͬʱ취ָࡣ
˰ʬɺٳǰαҲǸоһеģͽסα˽оһж⽻Ӷ˵ο
Ůվ飬ɥʬȫˮϵָǿҲпĿռ䡣Խǿ壬سΪĻأοΪŮĹͺǿʵΪ˻س
ŮһԣΪպŮһɳ̾ʵΪֹܸҩ

΢Ц˵ҺСʶģҸʱ棬û뵽ԸΥûԼʱʹ˻ᡣڻ˶ţ˸ˡ
ӦǶԷҵ˵ǣæҲЦˣû¶̫ˡʲôͦģָϽ䣬һȺϵģ˵õļιȥԷ򵼣ûܳУͦźġ
˵ĶԻеΣҲûʲôë
ûëͬʱҲûʲô֡Աͦʧģʧ֮࣬˷
οҲûôģλѣҲδʲôɿˡûѽ䱸ϣϾԷʵ̫ǿˣһȺ˸ղһҲûôαôۣأ
ЦЦ˴򽻵Ǹ𣿡
ͷյ⣬־˲ãͳ򼸸С֮ϲλڳжʱ˰ɣҲ֪С㻹ԸԸ򵼣˽˽ء
ο
ѾһڴӦȻû⣬Ҹ򵼡
οķӦû˵ʲôֻЦ룺ǳһʱˣ׼ػأҪҪһ𣿡
˵ҲãǾ͸λ鷳ˡ
һοСһ˾ʹ磬ܿص˻ء
Сһ𣬽ȥʱ˺ܶ࣬Ҳûϵͳ֣ȥԺҲûȥҵطסο£סСµı

ĸˣܾοͬ
ڻصĴϣȻߣ˴˵ľһͺԡ
˵ôˮˣ
ЦŻش𣺡Ǹ羰еĿԺϲͲͬķ顣ǰʱĩĿˣȥ˵⣬ָָԼ·СҲܿڵƣǺܵͼִ磬ҲĩĴ˵գûһģʽķҶĩȤǻЩҴԽҲû뵽ôС㡣
񵱳ԷҵĽڣ˵Ҳ࣬Ҿ͸Լôϲͬܵˡ
ôһԺ󲻹ĸʲôпˣ˵©졣
ҲЦЦȷϡʵѧ𣿡
˵ѧС㻹ûʽн׹ɣкܶ๦ΪСܵģԲûΪҪƼƷСпտȥеʯ̨ռ￴ܶͼļ۸񲢲СǧҲˡҲܺãСʱû˵ֱ̫ۣܲſģСԳ˽һ£۸󣬼ʹʱ򹦷Ҳ԰Сܣôܶࡣ
ܱúϸ̬ôƣɱɥʬʱ¶ĺȫͬ͸һЩ
ҪͻеģҲŪãָһЩ£Ƽ콻ȺĿ˼ϵ⣬˵ԼͿȤ£͸Ρ
ҲǸˣܱѹҲû̫䳦ӣеıϣһͨģҾǽˡܶྭ飬ҲͶұԼĴ署Ҳûʲôأķ飬Ҳ졣
ˣ˵⡪ȻҲԸ⿴ġ
Ҷǿˣ˵˵ţȻ˵ô׬ҵϡ
̾ĿǰǾˣʱŸ̽˵ļ۸ܵͣҪЩܵ㹻ķңѡ
ʵ
ڼλ˵ʱ֪ṩƷǾˡ춯ֲҩˡĿǰľ˶ܵͼûԣֻԲãܵ΢΢ϵͳĹ۽0.1ÿŶѡ춯ֲڵȼܵͣЧǿ̸Ʒ1ҾͲˣмҵģǿƷЩǿƷĺѵõ˵ܸൽûҪоġ
ƷʱѪ¹ɥʬȼ˳ֲͬԣԵƷҩͬʱĶֲĵȼҲӿ죬ӿֺܶﵽһƷ׵ģҲӵ˸ߵļֵ
ЦЦ˵ִƼϸָԴ֣ʵСԿǸоԱӱġôҩһԴļֵͻˡ
ֻҪŮôˣ˭οıϸαʣҲλ֮£ǰŮнӴĻᡣ
Ůи̴ǿ˺赡ǣԺԸܶöΪСǧ൱ɫĻԴ
¶һȻı飺˵е
ȻоԱ̫ңȷʵǸ취ƷȻǱԭϼֵߵġ
һһģһֱ
һٸˣ·ϼЩ̯ģһЩʲôˮǵĿƼƷģеȤֱ˵úܣ˳Ҳ˼֣׼ԭȥ
ľٶе죺ĿƼϵˮ𣿡
ȻҲ֪ͬ編ͬǲݵģҪʹҪеĸ죬ƼڡͬڿƼںҲδͬ
翴ˮ򵽵ֻƷ⣬ļûʲô𣬾͵˵ͷֶһģˮǸҵǳơ˵⣬ЦЦƼں಻ͬҶⷽûʲôожˡûȥһʷи죬ҵˡ
Сſⷽнܵġ
һ㶡
Щһֱоſſ˵˹ڷͬ£ᵽʳȴûйڴȥʿԽǮ¡ҲûɣϾϢܶ࣬Ҫʱ䣬һʱԹȥҲеġ
ſͨ׼ſȻһϢ
ԭȥ磬ҪȻ2000ҹԽᣬȻԼķʽѼԴԼ硣ΪҪݷⲿԴֱУҲмֵҪķáҲУԼе
ڸõĿ
ſһжϣǿԴԽѼԴͨԴʵֵ10%ǿǹ˽½ףôķþ൱߰ǻեɿеռġ
һ̣뵽ʳԴ⡣
ڻػкܶһ죬֮ǰ˳ջȻܺãһռ䱻ѹû취ֲڣиŪʳĺ·ڡԴ⣬ҪǻڴĺľˣΣغѿɣͱоµԴҲбѰ󷽷ļʱ̡
ͨſʱûҲԼϵͳͨ
[лϵͳӵúܼʱ]
[]
епҪԽʱ򶼻֣ᷢǲܻιܡŪĺöԴ󷽷ѼԴԴˣȻóǮ죬겻еĿӣ֤ԼԴֻҪ㷨ң̽ԴʵǶǿŵġ
°͡
Ҳ֪ǲǿ˵㣬ںܶԼԴûף̽Ѱˡתһ룬˻ò⹦ܣҲٲֿ˶ƿܸˣ˵ʲôʱͽһչأøǼܲǰţ֪еĹڲϵƣеĺôɽһǶûȫ

硣
û¾оſ壬ͻȻ䣬Ϣ¡
Ϣһüͷ߸̲סͳţ˲Զһšܿ죬߳ȵӣ½档
½濴գҲˣ
æͷЦݺģ֮ǰⷽϸûҲںˣʱСؾ򿪣һȥҼʺ½ĵرֻҪ10%ļѣͬƷܶࡣ
½ҲЦЦⷬ⡣


66 Ʒչʾ
п˶öſ, ҲмֻҪпվͻо, ʱȺĬĬǱˮ۲ѾȺĵˣԼ֮ĶԻ, õһϢ
̫Ǽһ֮עһԭ򣬾Ҳڸ硣
Ǹ׼©֮塣
ЩĹͨ, ̫Ǽһ˽, Ҳ̫Ǽһ˽, ˵ܸо˵ǿ, ǿ󲻽Դʵһִ͸Ķ, ̲ס㽵ĸо
С۸, ܼܺ͵ͦ, ԸҲȱݣǷȱ֧ŵҲǵΪʲôܿѡԭ֮һ
̫֪֮, Լȱݡ
ѡԭ, 뻨ѴʱȻ۵һܷ޼ҷֲ, һСľͻڻûǰ̷˰, ԺҪ޼ҾӪ˺ܶļ̷˵Ĵѹ, Ӵ˾ҪıܰοڣһԴҲҪķҵ, ǰֶŪȡҵԴѸٻ̫ʱԺ󣬾ף̫һᷭ˵̫ˡ
ԣǺԸⱳġ
̫Ǽ˸˺øУ˼ϸʹֻͨһЩ̸ؿĶ
Ȼ̫ǼҲûпΡ
˼ԣԸ⿴ͬǿ˵ķϰͻҪ˫󣬵ֻǻͬΪп˵˳ζѡĸһַҲûᡣ
в̫Ǽ˹Ӻ԰ʹлһеĿΪĸȴΪпˣҲδʸĸԺпĸǰ죬ҲҪܴĴۣҲνʡۡ
ҲΪ̫Ǽ̫Ǽˡ
Щû̫̽Ǽĺ⣬ֻż̫Ǽ̸Ұ취öԷֱĸ뾡ܵضӽ̸пһЩԷ·ʽ֪ԷҪʲôĸһȥܳŶԷҪķԳΪԷĸıѡ
ȷ̫ǼǲǿԼ뷨Ǹпӣԭ̫Ǽûо̸ܾҲһЩ
һ죬ĥҲػصſĸϢ
ȻȻģͿԴŵϢ
۾΢
һʱ뵽Լڵ磬ͬǶкܶԴǸСǸ糤󣬾۽һ򣬿ɶǸ˽Ҳڹģܶೣʶġ
ĳһ죬̫ǼҪȥһȡԴôġͨ졷ʵģ٣һ֪ʡ
ãϢһЩʱˡ
Ҳԥ̫ܿǼȥһ˽Ϣ
[姹ӣת£æˡǧлԱ]
[̫ǼؿʱҪ˽ĸ֪Ҽɡ]
[֮һģʵպ姹ҪҳĵطҾƴǡ]
[̫Ǽ޹Ӳˡ]
ûٶ˵ֻĬĬؿһԼªҡ
Сƣļֵ
Ժл̫Ǽ޼ұȻڻԵĵһطǵã޼ҵ˽ö
һߣ̫Ǽջ壬ЦЦ
˼ȻҲܿ
û뵽λп˵ˣԺаͶбһЩԴбĸǾ֮ϲˡ
ڣһлΪʱ硣

Сµıסţܿ͸ǸСӵĳԱ˹ϵ
ЩԱ඼ˣһ·ϹȻҲ˲ٲ£һܳɫĶӳ죬Աûкܶż˳ְˣԼԾɳȴڸܶһľʧȥϣ
֮ǻеѪ
Ȼ£ɴҵͦƵģЩҲͦкøУҲԼóɱ۴ﻻȡһġ⣬ԼԿһЩº͵Ĺӡ
СóյľһٴͣóЩӸԱǷֳ֮󣬺ܿϿʼðණˣеӣеֱ֮Ǵ˲Сĺô
ԱֻΪЩǱͱĹӣ뵽ʵôǿܵõЩûسˡȻҲŻͷҲҪȥػ㶫дҲʤԸⱻôѿ
˭Ҳû뵽˹ǷӲ٣ͦ˼ˣһ˿ŽƵĶ˺󣬾Ȼôˣ
ȻԱҲмΪĶԡҵԡңطıط䡭
翴ЩǱ˷ܵӣ̲סҲЦ
ӳοһ⣬ǻûԽǻ磬ǲ³Ķ򵥣׼֮оһ£οֱ࣬ԱǺģеε׼ȸ˵˵л⡣
οҲû뵽ǽԺӦô죬ôʮӵʱ䣬ʣǺͿˡ
һ̣ͦҵġ
ҺǻûųԣȻȫһʲô
οһֱ侲ֻƤ裬Ľͦ˼˵Ķ̫ˡ
ڰ֣ЦЦ̸϶ͣʡҲپˣõ㷹ˮѣ㲻ʲôοĶԱǶܻãദͦĵġ
е㼤ʣЩˮǳ𣿡
Ϊ֪λп˸粻ãûôɺϾܽôӵıֲãĿǰѾֵıֲʵ»ûôõЧ
籣΢ЦȷʵС֪
Сĵʣǡ۴𣿡
΢΢ҡͷ۲СҲǿԵõġ
ʱЦ˻
οԱ߲岻ϻü
üͷܿɿҲʲôܣ˲ѣģûεģҲûҪǵڳܡ
ֻҪûˡ
ڸ˵ʱǰ̽οķӦġ
̽ݸһȻǸÿذ
ŬڵظһЩƷϢ統Ȼǲ䷳Ҳͬڵظ˽
οһͷˮǣҲû廰
ᣬжԱ׿/ϴ/ͻɺˣȻ졣
οһ㶣Ȼ֪ôģеˡ
úЦ
λĩŮԼû֣Ȼ֪ο磬ǱʶǺȡѪԵ˵ġʹ˲൱ΨһˡʵϣҪοڣڸŮ£һֱסһйĶǣŮҪԺܶ£Ҳû취ȫͶоϣðĸ˷Ȩϡ
Աǳ󣬶֪Լõ˶ĺô׷׹ʾл
統ȻǴһӣʾ⡣
ȻȷʵǶЩͦкøвŸЩȴҲչʾƷЧһλŮƴ취׬һ첽죬ֻ漸ʣҲýʾ֭˰ɡ


67 ȿħʦ
ڶ, СӵԱڻȥ, ΪǡʶǱͬأ˳Ҫ֮ǰʲô©ĵط, Ҳ署һΪʵֺദжԱظ飬ȡ˸, 뵽ǵĶΪ顣
Դ, ȻǿЦá
ҲҪôеͬ, ˼Ҿǹλε, ġ̫ˡ
, 绹ڱסġ
һصĴһ, û˿, жԱȥţҲûӦ
µʲô, ȥŴ򿪡
Ȼ, ûˣǴͷ, һֽ
д, λٻˡ
ԭˡ
ԱǴʧ, ˵
Ȼô˰ûü
ǰôõĶ, һ⼸ܵȥöġ
Ҳܵ㶫š
ԶԶԣһϷ˵ˣѶܵٺõģԵĨ죡
˵ǲдܰ
Ҹоǰɣദͦõġ
òҽ취˰ɡ
Խ˵Խɥæϣ˵Ǳ̫࣬Ҳû߶ӣ԰ɣ߼طġ˵ʵҲûҪһţԺҪҲ뵽ˣҲ
ô˵Աǵת
ҲԣǾͲǿˣ»ǿ϶ҪúһٲС
ЦҲô롣
οͷ˵ˣ񻹺ܶ࣬ʵԺô˳Ժõģξˣ´˼Ҫѵ˼Ʒѣѵȥ
ԱһҲô£׷״˵֪ˣȥ
Ȼ󣬶ԱǶȻæµ
磬Ҳȷʵû뵱ЩԱ뿪ǶͻȻˣϰߣֽߣɿ졣

ȥһħ硣
ǸħʦڿôĴԺ󣬻ȥ;ŬＯһħֲԼСչء
СȻ󣬵߷ŸߴļӣѾݷ˺ܶƿƿ޹ޣ涼ѾƳɹħҩͬƷ඼С
ûñȥΪڵһμλʱ򣬾ϳǸ׵ļլУҪûѼħֲѹͲԸ뿪Сһ֣Ǹİ˽ˡ
ȻȻؿ˵ϲá
ǣֱӶλλħʦС⣬Σؿλҩ
ħҩƷõҲ廨ţҪĻһҪΧк֮ܶĶڣħʦһħۡŷʴñƴӵֱͣͯţֱֱӡ
Ź˰Сʱħҩɫɢһ΢ζ
ٵؽ˼£ֱץԹܷڴϷǣҩʱɢǿҵĿζЩſζϢγһɫֱϣȫԹȻѸȴ˺üܵҩ
ÿԹܶ˷ʱ򣬰ѸٰЩԹܷӸϡ
ͬһʱ̣ˣζҲ˳ζ
磺
Ѹٺɢ̫ˣ
һ룬ζȫɢ
ԣСİԱóһס˱ӣŴҪȥɼһҩζǻûɢȥġ
ôȴûᵽ
[ϵͳæ˰ɣл]
[ÿ]
ЦЦͦá
ոǱһ˿ƣҲɢˡ
ѴķҩҺһ浹һЩĩҩҺȫһĶһСԺ󣬱˺״Ļҳ
ӦþǴˡ
ٵ̨ǰǼµҩ۲һº󣬰γһܷĹϣԱߵһСӡ
翴СڷŽܺ󣬾ˡ
Сӣϲһħ󣬾ɭֵһȥ
ͨһС
ü
Ҳˣλħʦҩʱ
ĬĬظڰ
ȻСһӻ̣ϰѸףֻ˲ӣǮȻ󰬶Ѹٴ˵һҪʺһЩħֲ
ӻϰܲ죺㲻ˣ
֪ųһֱŬܾҪݽѧϰģϧϴʧˡѵѾˣɿôħֲҲҪӰ
ƣ޲壬ȶо
Ļһֶ˵ˡ
޲˽ԸҲһʣҲͺܿħֲｻû˶ҲҪúչԼ塣
ƵشӦһħҩĻȥˡ
ٸصСݣͼѸٵؿʼһֵƣο
ϸ۲һߵĴӣղûϸڿ˾ͷ֣ЩڷŵҩƷʶȻڵĵȼߣԶǾѡġ
ϵͳۣȫУλǲġ
ٿλħʦҩôԡܺãǹҩݵĴͻЩѾˣŹ˶ãܽӴλͻˡ
ͻͦ⣬Ҳû
ϵͳС
룬̫ǼϲÿˣѾһѣҲģôͻȥ
ߡԪᰡ
뵽ᰣ˶١
ȥߡ

ǰ綼һǰдıʼǣСի־졷Ȿʼһܶ࣬Ҳģ£ͳ˺ܶƵʼǡ
ıʼǶǶƪڣܶ¶Ժ˵İΪǳڵ磬߹һ£ˡ
Լͦϲֵģȥһ磬ȻҲú˼
ֻΪͻëôûо˼ÿͻȥˣװģŰɡ
붨ԺϵͳѸٶλֱӰ紫͵ߵĸ
ߣһһĸҵߡ
˿̣Լɽ

ǵģߵĶѨڳɽÿµķ㶼ͦԶģײԪŮĺ޺죬ȴͬˣ¹ʵĸ߷صɽİɽ
ɽ϶Сסźϻͦ壬źü֣еסߣеס
ЩСǴԵġ
ɽŶԹĹ£Ƕڳ߶ԣԹص㣬صǶԹĶȥʱ򣬸һĬĬصлˣҲǸµı硣
ǱӦл͸ߵĻԵ
һϸĵߣܴмпٳЩصġҡ
ͱڣȻһӰڰҹסԼϢ˳Ϣػеɽһصɽꡣ
ɽŨڱΣԶԶԷ֣ý˾ܿеĺⲻʱ˸ǣס


68 ߵִ
ߵʱ, ſеɽϵС, ϸϸһϽضһֻ֦ͬһССӵС
[ϵͳξزһ£]
[õ, ]
˶˾Ҳˣƪ˼Ϊûʲôϵ, 绹ûϸ, ϵͳע, , Ҳôһȡ
ȻܶĵرһС, ɴһӹ, ܻ׹ǵ֮
Ȼ˵, ֻܸһµķˣܸĶ, ķҲ൱ˡ

, ģ
ƪİ񾫺һమˣ֪񾫵, ˷ֺȴܽ, Ϊֳ, иסҲ񾫿ܺѴȥ˽ʣȥˣ׶кøСҲû, һһͺܺãҪ֮ԹߣǸӣʱҪغ֪ǳȥ񾫣ɽˮҪִڵɽʱ˺꾫꾫ޣɫһ˺궴꾫߻·ӵģֱӰŪˡ
񾫱ŤһŲȴں꾫꾫ƫƫ꾫ĽǵʮƪɷĺɣΪ˱·һ˺ˣ˸ɻ̽ף׷ɱ꾫Ϊû״ûֵ嶯ȥץˣ˸߷ʹ˺塭
Ȼֹ֪Ի˺񾫣ý㲻Եý˵а취ԾȻÿֻһεҪʱˣȰʬ屣ܺãܸ˵ڡ
񾫲źôģһ󣬻úˡ
һ㣬طڸһȺϽȥңȻȥԺȴֻͺͺɡ
ԭǼȥʱѾˣҾƬǰպõл
͸ˡ
֡

磺Ŷ
ɫͷһѵѾܹǺˣҶżѵⲻԼ
װģϧעٴϡ
ԽԽŨҪŨܵסͰѷԲڵȫˡڣֻǺȻ˸һ޵ĺ챦ʯųҫĿĹʡ
ˣ
ߵķӦ൱졣
͵شڳһ磬ֱֱ˹ȥ
ͬһ룬ʧˡ
סĹ٣˳ժ
ţǰ֮ţٴͳ롣
綮ˡ
һĶǹİ
ǣͷһϵͳе
ͬһʱ̣յ
粻һЦ
ɡ

ߵ٣ſϣ
ò˵൱ϸġ
ĵرһժɢ÷ǳ죬ԽЧԽʵĳԣô˲ܿݹǳ˸ʱƣǿԸʱԽãҪԽߡ
ֻҪͷСҪҪʬʬȺûɢ
֪Խʵ۸϶Խ͵ġ
Ϊ˱֤õ߼ۣ˲ժ˲СȻڽеɲǣϵͲɢˡ
ֱȺ
ϵͳҲֱӱʵֵ
[׶ĵرֵ3000ҡ]
Ҳܾȡ
Ȼ׶ҩƽֵ2100ңͨ1200ҽչǰǿԸ𣿼ֵȻǲͬġ
ֻķΧСڻڵ²ʹã3000ҾǼޡ
Ȼٿ뵽˻ϵؽ
ҪҪǰ֪ͨǸСؽʬǻڣҲˣʵҪϵͳָˣͿԸ㶨˺ܶࡪôʴʡǮǼȻ˸õƷͻҪͣȻԺƷϼˣ͸ӿƵģʧȥ˳ţ
ɿתţҲûԳߣֱӱ۸񣺡ֵ1500ҡ
ôıķϣ۸ûѹ̫ݡ
ߵͫæͷл
൱ˡ
˵ҪľǻȡѪĽһļֵĸߣûľ׼
ȻߴĲֻһѡ
ӣӸڿռ³һտտĺö
һǻۼ¶ÿʮ۳һΣϴֵģԵӰ졣¶һֻ֣ÿһɺϵʱܽȥ
߲֪ʲôʱѾȥˣȡ˶ʮ¶ֻ
ΣеĳһƪŮȡõģʱҲû£ǵõĶʮ¶˴򷭣Ҳֻȼζѡ
ȻҪ˷ѣ߾ͺȡˣҪǸ˳Ӧ߾Ҳ
⣬ȻޱȵǾޱ
Ǿޱɺĺӵɡ
ԭһλǾޱӣΪ±ᵽ٣ûܶɹȥѪ̥ûӤԼһĨҲɢؼ䣬ֻĸɱ¶ɽҰһɢʣµӴںή
º
һλӵɢȥãͱȥȫõˡ
ĻϽӣкܶСڽ䣬ǵĲкҹһɢâǽ֮𡣳߳ǽ֮ûϨ͵͵ȥ˼ʮŹ
һЩҩģǳժģֵû֮ǰЩˣ׷Χڡ
߲ͣһɽĲú󽫻е£ȻȥıһǧϺĺƤϺΪڵʱڵȥһֻСþˣϺʬû̫˷ѡ˻бƭ󻹼ӵ֮Ůȫ̥ʱԳû͵Ϯ˳ҲЩˡ
粢̶֪ʱѾ굽ôĿӣĿһɨǰɢɢĺЩƷͶʮֵ⡣
ǸĿˡ
¶20Σÿ100ңɣ520ң֧200ÿ֧ǽ֮33ƣ100ÿơҩʮ꣬Ʒ꣬Ʒ꣬Ʒꡣ
ϼ7470ҡ
˿̣ܵʲﵽ9000ҡ
ҪĺѪȻֻ1000ˡ
ǰĳû̫߶ҪĲŻһܣλȥԺĶֻҪ߶ͱС½«Ҳ600Σٴθ600ҡ
400
ߵͫľִ֣͵غһſԼ
һ롭
ۣ
Ŷ⣬ʣµʮ˿ȫ³ˡ
磺
еˡ
߷˻˻
˼ǳ˳飬۵׶ͨ50ÿţϼ2400ҡ
ߵϣ¶һЦݡ
еӹɣرġ
ȫС뻻ȡһκѪ
绹˵ʲôأĬĬȡ˳óƷĬĬصһȵĺѪ͵˳ߵǰ
͵ſڣѺѪ̽Ŀռ
лҪ˵磺˻Ǻúһ棡


69 
Ŀǰ, ߵʣ2000, 󹺣Ҳûȥʯ̨ռ˼, ֣صص˼ͷʾ, ˦β, 뿪
ĿųߵıӰ, еߡ
֪һ, Լ൱ݵģС֮, Ÿо, ֱǷͬһĺġ
48źúõûɶ˲ȫγˣ桱ɫ
[ϵͳ, ҸоһԸŬһ㡣]
[ϵͳ]
ЦЦ, о߻û뿪Уٻһˮ, Լǰ
ˮУеĹ켣ܼᶨ
ȻȻأ

ڵĿ˺ܶ, ſҲ飬ҵȫ֮룬ֻҪǰǰС
гߣͶԼԺ滮
ͱ˿̣ǰóſ, İƮ˹ȥͬʱ߿Ҳŵ
˻˻˻õһе졣
ſ۳30ҡ
ҡͷβ
мĴϣкܶСʹֱӽȥһ󷨹⻪ͱ͵һܱյ
Һܿ㹻ʵſ¡
ڵɲǣյķ˲ӿϢڵһģһŨȿȺܶǰҲĶ츣ء
߿гĵطھҵʹţܵȴ⼫ˡ
ÿ10ңֵ̫á
Ҳ˷ѹæӸ³ǵκѪ
ɲǼ䣬ȵڣóߵ¶̰㽵飬ûֱӷúѪҲǲȡԪعϡͺѪתʼȡѪѪ
ܿ죬ʲôǣһѪϵѪһ˿˿شѪϱһ˿˿رߴſ롣
ͬһʱ̣ŨŨڳߵתԸܵһġĳӦȴʸǿٱǿѪ⣬ʡһ콫ʱ䣬ʹԽԽǿ
أѪеһ̶ȵʱ򣬳ߵƤҲ˺ܶøӼͣǵƤѪеʱƤȴʼֶѵ·Ȼ󣬸ΪǿƤʶڵƤڵѣѵѪٴһµӲƤµƬĦţҪƤȥ
ڵϷҲͻȻð͹ƽƤƽɵȥƤø֣ƤҲӼ̡ԭİݳǿҵȻպѪѪʱһſŸҲ𽥳˳
̶ʱһЩѪѪһκѪۿҲû仯ѾóٴƤ
ͬʱʵһӱƽ˶ס
ߺԼĿǰʱþһٴƤȻʵͻᷢͻƣΪ翰ɵĶǿߣ
ѪѪ
һǲõġ
󣬳ССͻƣͻ̤ΪڶκѪ·;

ڳ߽ܿµĿġ
˼Ȼϸϵˡڶɽϵ൱УǺѪһݲǱ
Գ߸û֮ôڷܿ̿࣬ҪԴԴϵĺѪ⣬ҪһȵҲ
ôνע⡣
ջˮӡ
[ϵͳ£ûȱϢˣʵİλԺһ磬и౸˵]
[õģ]
ȻҲͲȥᰵĽȣô
ھȥĿǰͨģڶߵȵ硣
а硣

ԴԪžԪźԪž뵽УСү˵ĺЩ𽥽Ҳɢ˼ᶨ
˵£ʱҲν֮ӣôǾ뿪ط
ԪųҵСүʲô⣬ԪԪ˼һҲӦˡ룬Ǹʲô߲ԶҪǲߣʱϣһϣ˵ǻΪЩСͻԪƵģܶùԶ㣬ԶǸȦĵطʵǿˣǸŮɫļһ
ǣԪϴӦԪŵĽ顣
ԪŴԪȥĵطǸһׯ
ǸׯС«壬ȺɽӺܶ
Ⱥɽ֮ҲԶԶС«һׯкܶƵġСĴׯ˳ɽһ·չȥ
ԪҲûֹʱɽﾡ򵽼ֵߵĶѸٻһЩǮƣ֮ҹԪ뿪ǡھһҹ̵ĸ·Ԫҵһ̶ӣ̶ǰһУٻ̶ӡκھС«廹мо´ĹߣԪҹ·ڵִС«塣
һ·ϣԪʵûзԪκһ
ͬʱҲԪŵ඼
Ϊ·ͻȻΪ˱˵جǰ٣ԪſԵǮƲܶ࣬·ҲôáʵԪһֱúõظ̶ߣԪȴɽˮĵطץһпץסʱȥԣȡһ·ʷѡ
ʱԪſƴ۾ˣȴӲֹͣ
ԪԪŵģ֪ǵãҲ֪ԪžԲôֻܹԹԵĲ鷳ҲҪĹͷԡ
Һã˵׻˳صִĿĵء
ѡС«һҪԭǡھСӾԪŲĵط
еԪΪ˸Ԫ󱨳ˣӶʱòҸεĵطˣҵС«壬С«帽ɽеõ˰ܸǶԿĻԵǶԪŵĻԵҲ˵ԪŴԪС«˵ȫĵط
ӵɽ£ڶĴСӺ׽ҲС«ǸܿŵĴӣ峤ͰԶϴգҲûһմô⣬Ըסڴġ
ߴ׳ԪűƤ۵Ԫ峤˲͸˸жϡĳԶĴСү˽ˡ
峤ԪŵʵǴҲ٣ʹԪ᲻׷󣬾͵ϴӦµҪ
ϾǴҲǵһ˽С£ֻҪ׷ɱֻҪʵڴסţôѣֶΪأ
ȻҲС«Ĵ峤ܹ㣬Ǵ׷ɱҹˣֻҪźһǿԵõӻġϽΰǸ൱ǿˣҪΪйŭ壿֮ǰǿ߻ѸٸҲú
һƬؽ磬ԱǺܸӵģʵѾܱߵشǿһսǿᣬνպգطˣٶҪѧᾴηҲҪĹء
ȻԪŴԪס˴һѾЩư˵ġ
éݡ


70 
Ϯİ, éֻ˼ҲŻȥסɽĴ, ںʵĵطΧǽ, Ǻ޲ԼҷԽԽãģéˡֻС«ķס, 峤һ󹤷, ҵһ䡣
ԭ, ԪסҲӡ
ǸʱĶǳޣںô, ֻҪܴˣٿ, Ϊ·Ѿе㲵Сү, ȴþס̫ˡ
峤Ҳû취, Ԫ˵һȥǵǼǻ, 뿪
Ԫȴվ, Ĵشš
ǡԪסʮĵط
ӵȷܲǰ࿴һۣȻȴеط߱飬, Ԫôȹأ
ͻȻ, ԪƵ
үȹϢɡ
Ԫͷȥ
ôٵʱԪѾٶʰһط, ɾһĵӣкȥ¡
Ԫ˺ߣȥֱˣԪһѡ
Ԫûʱ̫үۣ˳ֱڵϡ
Ԫû˵
Ԫ㶣֮ҲܸоԼĽ΢΢ɣﶸȻףүҲϢϢҲû˵ֻƵţûȻͷ֣ү۽ƳһۣʵʵģŤȥ
һůţүȴŤܽĲ¡
ŹСʱԪԪ˵үȥʰӡ
Ԫšһ
Ԫſֿţæµ
¶˵ѣСүһ뿪ԪҺ󣬴ɨլҲزǷӸЩͨ޲Ҳ
ԪԪæµ̵վȻĬĬص⣬ſڵˮͰȥԶСϪһͰˮſڡ
ԪŸ޺ݶԪˮۡ
үô£˵⣬ֺСүǿʲôҪŭƫƫǳէ¶෱أôҲ벻ɵСүģһʱ䲻ɼͷ󺹡
Ԫ̧°ͣôˣľˮ಻ˣ
ԪźҲһ亹ͷԲҿڡүȻˣ
ԪݺݵضԪźһ˸죬ֺһȥˮ
Ԫ޴ֹ̫ˣڸ飬뵽˸취ѵñ˸ˮģǴĶЩүȥһҲ
ԪֶԪſ
Ԫźܽš
ԪƲƲ죬˵ðɡ
ȻԪȥˡ
ңǰĴ﹤ߣ۸񲻱ˣͨ˼ҵȻǺѵõģԪϾԪҵϵǰΪõһ谮ʱõģȻΪǺⲻܴ󣬵Ҳи߼ƽʱװʲôܴĶȻУɵֻļ˽Ǵ´ġ뿪ԪʱԪһûСҪջ⡣
˴γװвƲûʲôضֵǮģҲ·ϱ·ѡҲֻһѣҪ֣µأ
Ԫ󵽵׻Ԫŵ˼ѡ
ԪԪҪæֵµĶҲȻֻһʱʰһסķˡģ׼Сүûʱ
ǣһͻţܿС«ţѻҲ˴
峤ǲ֪ǵľҲ峤һϰˣԼʹԪװ׾һ͸ǲһˣҲͦģرǵԶӷԪŵս൱ǿ󣬾͸ӭˡ
ֻΪܰСүúţ˻ܵԴԪԶӵ룬ԶʱΣգǸ߶ľ֧ųźʱҲٶȸϹȥɵõԶӵĸм
ͬʱԪȻеүƢȴῴˣʶҲ࣬ڴʱǽ˵һʵڳͦÿģԵȻҲ
أڴվȽŸƽ
ԪȻȴܱԪ򵽵ľ飬ǰɽҵ˶ǷݻԵʵԵ޵ȼҲߣ۸׬˲Ǯ
̽̽ǧĿʱԪѾéƷؽСүŪƯֽʵשݣںʱǴסլԺҲһЩԤһԪźԪĵط
ԺӵһǿһССҩԣԪִļҩݣر󣬵ˡָⶾȷ涼Ч
ɣԪСүȱҽҩ¸ˣҲûŪģҩ԰ȴһҪ֮˭¶˳ҵİ취ٰס
Ԫ֪СүĲһĬĬԼûãһ߸ŬԣҲΪƴˡΪˣһϧԼԼȴܺСү
պãһԪûȥԪǵļ
絽ΣԪŸԪŲԺд衱


71 ĸѣ
˵ζܿ, ʱҲܾһֱװı죬󿪴ʮֺšеʱ, ԪǾȫģԪšǻ͵ͬڣڸСүιˡ
̲סЦ
Ԫ棬ҲӾ֪ԪŵԸ, ؼ, Ǿ˼ˡλСүʱʹͨ, ÿδԪŵʱ, , Ԫž͸˼ˣǸͨιʱСүʱͲǼ, һ¡
Դò, ŻƵ, ᲻᲻ģʲô
ġд衱ȻǴ˶õġ
ȻԪͷԹϻţ, ԪСүȴǸûĵ, кˣ˵µֹһûУ
ԪͷԵ˵Բү
Ԫһˣ˵ʲôǸ³һ, 죬´ɱ޵ʱҡ
Ԫ̧ͷæҪܾ
Ԫ֪㲻ˣҶ㽲üˣǸɫߺŮ˶ģҴ򲻹ǣܵóŵҰɣȻˣһʻøõأǮҩ𣿡
Ԫſڣ׻ǵͷ
ү˵öԡ
Ԫһ㣬ڳˣɻԶء
Ԫŵͷ׵ģү
Ԫ󣺡ղײգɽɡ
Ԫţõģү
濴һ˵ĶԻٿؾദʽе졣ϸ룬û뵽˭˭ôദġ
Ǵɣ
ԻǮҪեˮùʱ䡣
ҲͲţתͷϵͳһƬɽ
ѵһ5磬˳ɣ

5ĵͼǺܹģԪźԪѾ֮ңʵȴֻǸճִѣͨӴ嵽ٵǣܳǺǳԺҪ½ȻǧҲǻ½ˣҪ뿪ǰϽͨ棬Ǵǧķ롣
ľ磬Ϊ̥󾳽磬ƬɽͨĿǰƬ½һ룬Χ಻ĿǰѾԪ˵㳩ͨ裬ΧкüͷޣﵽĿǰ½ϵ߼𣬸Ǹĳ࣬Ԫ˵̫Σˡ
ÿεִ磬綼ǱȸĶǿ߻ҪһģȻûԪôǵġ
ɽ編ơ
[ϵͳǰһܴߵĻǰɡ]
ϵͳѸհ졣
ٴη仯һϢɽߣһȡע˷ѡôԴΪƷŵ֮С
ϵͳʩΪ£Ǽͷ޾س˯ţûжɽеĶ˿Ӧϵͳӳ֣ⲽٶȺܿ죬һûķѶʱͰһи㶨߳ɽ
ţƬ½ߡ
ȻȥȡҡѧеԴʹҲע˷ѵЩȻѾӵУҲûʲôıҪǰģЩɽԼؾ
֪䣬Ƭ½Ҳ߹ˡ
ǰһƬ˲ͬ½֮ĺ
ʱǿտҲġ԰
֮УԴҲ൱ġ
[ϵͳȥһˣ]
[õģ]
ԥ̧߽
ˮɲǣ涸Ȼһεӣʵʵϣֵ˺ˮеһѹסټҲÿһϸܺ
ں½ûƽشӺ泯׹䣬ˮһ·ȥһ·еԴҲֱŲͬıǡ
ǻʲô˵ģ
ʺȡģȻΪȡĶ
ԴʮַѸٵطḻеڿ⣬ǰƷ˹⣬Ʒжϲģ3-7׵ĸûСڣ벹3-5׵ġ
ܶԴãһЩ޵ڻӵʣһΪٵҩǣûһʹ˸֮
Ҳûʲôֵġ
ǰ˵ľ磬˴ǧܸġٵԴֵƵʲŻߣСǧǧ⣬ܸԴɼٵҲڲǧֵԶһЩҪСٵĶˣǶǸ֮йأͱ統Ǹаľ顣
ˣԵ½ͬ£ԴԵ½߹һ飬ĵĴ½ۼ̥Լ߾ǿߣҲݺĵط
Ĵ½ɽɭֱطΣյö࣬ɶڿ˹ҵ˵ɻǳͨġֻߵ޸ǿǵĹϵ΢ǿǵĸ֪Ҳ񣬼ʹϵͳǰģǵĸй٣û⵽ľٶѼƷ֮󣬻ǿ߲һ˿΢
ȻҲֻ΢ѡ
ЦЦ
ǧ粻ǧ磬ֻҪһˣܽĻ̫ˡ
ҲͿ뿪ˡ
󣬻Ǿһ
֮ǰΪ£Դ߱˴½صľɫȻֻۻɲ䣬ǿ˺ܶ˾̾ġǸ
[ϵͳûܰҴ漸ŷ羰]
[Եģ]
[ͷҪһѿܲƬߺʽŪ]
[Եģ]
Цˡ
[ǵö½ӫȥ]
[õģ]
ת˲䣬Ѿӫ
νӫǺܶѵ۳ڿγɵһ
Ǹ޴ĿأΪǿսе¿ѣȵǸطסγȶƽ⣬ײɵ۳ҲȶƮУ˼Ϊľۡ
ʵλǿߣ򲻿ܾȡ۳۳̫󣬴ﵽǸǿҲϡ
ԣһֱ棬ͬʱΧɽҲڲϵĴĥб˷ǳصȻۣ嶼Եø
[ϵͳ]
[ǵģ]
[ãȥһط]
[Ը]
[ȥҡǹȡ]
ҡǹһƬҲǺԼĵطĻˣӶֿ̧ժĵط
羲һС
[ϵͳ]
[ǵģ]
Ȼȥ˵طĸطط
һ̣վһ޴ɽ⡣
ɽȺ涼ͱڣͱڴٲɽγϪڹкϪˮڱڡ
Ϫˮ߶Ʒָ죬ҲҲ⣬ÿһﶼ˱ǣƢ
滹ϢźܶʵÿһֻСϸϸȥǲʵһ˫ĳ⣬ΣӶ·εŮһһֻʵŮĶŮ࣬ҲΪĺ֮һ
ȻλʵŮڻڼõʱƼһ
绹ǰϵͳͼƬ
ҲһҪ
һСϵͳͻأڡ
[ĸѿҪװ]
ѣܺá
[ԪģװˣƬʽͺá]


72 ƿ㣿
ϵͳһذ˳
[õ, ]
ûж룬ڵȴϵͳһ¼ɺҲ͵˸Ҫ뿪ʱ
Ҫʱ, ȴһѤĹ
һ޴Ļ, ٿȻŷ̻һĹ, ǹ, һֳɫĻš
ϵͳ紫͵껨ĸ
̧ͷ
ǧƬһؿ, ǻ, һȭͷĹ롣
ԼԼиϸӰۡ
Ȼ, ӦǿʵˣʱɫתģǲʵŮԾʵŮĳʱ䲻ڡ
Ȼ֮Ҳûľתû˷ֵģܽ뵽, ҲΪʲôЧӦǣԭеģ
˼ʱ, Ȼ, һɿӿ
ףϵͳļӳѸٺˡӰ, ⲻʧˣʵʵڴڵġ
, ſһĻһȣʲôϷһ
һըװĺ𣺡ߣٹȥ
ɽﴵǺȻģеһóڷ, Ƿ紵ʱڵطĲԾȻͷԭڻ滹һ˴ڡ
ҲԼ鲻㣬ܾܸߵĳ̶ȣķӦƥϵͳǿʵֻϵͳıӻҲ˰ˡ
˷Ӱ˸ϡ
Ȼ㱻ִˣ粻ֱ͵ҲǿԵģĵͷɽȵϿգʵһسܴ
ͷ϶ﲼʲô壬Ҫǽ粻ƬӦҲлͷƺΪ˲ʵŮһͷɽȵһ͸ƵģȻɽȵػߡ
粻ڵĻͷһȻɼܣƫƫиӰȴˣͷԣ⿴ĲþģҲȷ
ԣת÷ɿ죬գʱ˲²⡣
ǵɽȺΪֻԵɺϷ˲ʵŮ˯ĵطǸṩ˰ԼѪʲôģʵŮѹǵϢϤȻ׽ųΪ󹬵һԱ
Ǿûᵽػɽȵͷڣһ·Ƴͨ裬˳ּ˸õȫȫ˺ɽΪƲ
ô֮ûдģǲʵŮӦȻиͷɽȺܾˣʱϮʧܣò˯Ϯͷھû˿ϢôжϣػͷǸϮͷͬھˡ
һУΪ˳صõɽȡ
ԼƶϴûҲֻˡ
ɲǣͷȻһϮˣ
ǳ˳飬һգ۳ڼ⣬зɿظϵͳɶԻ
[ϵͳа취˲ѹ]
ôһͷ֣ȻվŲɢѹ˿ԣҪԼôӴôһǷȱû취ٶȽϽͷعأ͵Լû
ϵͳĻӦҲǳ졣
[ʹܹ˲ɱˣͬԻع顣]

[ǿԳʱҹţɽҲûˡ]
ɽȶûˣع
ϵͳûгɣѡ
[Σʱ彻ϵͳƿأҲһƿء]
һ㶣⻹ʣȻ뵽ϵͳ
[һƿذɡ]
ȻϵͳģȫƿأҲ̫ˡ
[õģ]
ϵͳһشһ
ûǰ
һŵˮҲʲôʵʵġ͵Ķÿһëȥ뵽⣬ÿһϸʵʵؽϡ
һɲǣһ׵ںϣǱʲôڵӵţеһ˿϶ûС
ĸо̫Źˡ
˲൱΢΢ǣϵĽܽϣʶҲʲô˹ӦҲʶ壬ȴģ޻ʵģûʲôġҪٻһ˼ȥܸоһġ׽ǵ׽вŨȴܴ˿ơ
ܿ죬һʶ帽ʶϣ
·Ǹʶ崩һ㡰¡˼ָȥÿһڵһһġ塱Ϊں϶Բٿ塣
ѵġϵͳƿ塣
Ҳԣϵͳ˵ģǸһƿأҲ·ڽ̵ʹ
ͱ硭
׵ʱ򣬻ְֵؽ̵ͯд֣ͷ·Ǳϵͳأ̵ôȡʵ߳üȽ׵׼ս
оԼĵȵĻȡ֮䣬ǰһơ
һƺʲôεΰ߷γ˾޴һ˲ŷͷڸ߿֮С
ͷĹûüӽѾɢݳȥĻȫ飬ɢݵǲֻ൱պøͷĹûһ˿й¶ͷ·ǣͷĹϢʧƵġ
ͷı飬˲ʱÿֻš
ͬʱԼ廹ڲٿȴѾֶ
[ϵͳ˽ҡ]
[л佱]
ǵģѹ֮͸͸ˡ
ǡ
ͷǸܸߴ󡢴ڸҲܸߵġȫŹεӰڿУǵһ仰
֮£޹ر˶ϰɡ
ȻӰǵľʧ
ʧͬһ˲䣬ϵҲûˡ
ʱͷʲô׵ģλǲ֪ǿٵĸˣιֻ
Ȼڡˡǿʵ£ͷǿвȥ˼˼»ع˶˵ϡ
ػͷףҪɽȲ
ϮͷҲҪѲʵŮɽȶΪС
һʱ䣬ͷˡ
ǸոûʲôģڸԷɱʱҲ쳣׺ݡ
߹Ȼع
Ϯͷػͷɵʱ򣬿ҪĲʵŮֵϾܵıԴػͷһѣһɵϮͷ
ͬʱʵŮû㹻¶ʶ˯ػͷһȰϮͷʬ崦ȻѲʵŮļӲغãԼҲʹȥˡʬɽڶ໨ϣ˾޴ķ֣סɽȡ
ǵʱ򣬷ֲп԰ʵŮĶȥˡڴ֮ǰΪķ֣ȴǲƿġ
һƿɽȶ̱
ΪͷȥЩǿȻнսȴ֪ĴڡûĲʵŮʧʱʶ͸֪ˡ

ϵͳشк󣬽ϡ
ͬʱоǹɽɿشԼϳ롭ԼԭǸ壬ȴٿȻãЩյ
羲ϣ˵


73 ſ¹
Ϣ˺һ, źһѸղŵĸоգ侲ػʣûȥ硣
һǸ, ýֺҲ֪СûΪûܹǮ, ν, ˵ȥҪĹ, ɴԼ
һ硭
õкͨĵһ硣
Ҳǵȼߵ硣
8磺졷
һ, ʵǿԹȥ, ֮ʵﵽŽˮ׼
Ž׾Ǹʲôˮ׼أ
ǹô, ܴﵽˮ׼
֪ǶôֶѿƵĿֲ
ڵĵȼȥǸ, ڽ֮ǰͱϵͳ, һ綥ǿͻأʹֻ̽ҲᴦһλãƸʧΪǿаθߵʶǿбǿ5ʱЭܸ˼ҴǧǧֶΡ
⣬ʹûѴʱĥϺ, Ҳδҵܱϵͳǵġע˷ѵƷ
ԭܼ, ԽǸ߼ԽӣرǾ鿪ʼ֮, ֧ؾһ𣬺֮ܶﶼǸͬСϸڵľ鴮ģû˷ѵء
Ȼᱻ˷ѵĶȻ, ġģСǧǧ͹ˣαػҪȥأ˵ˣҪΪЩƷȥȡϵͳʱɱס˶ǿǣ뿪󣬶ǿѹɾͲǸеǿһо΢ͺԵˣǾԻᷢߵĺۼģҲ֪һЩضԭߡ
һԭ򡭡Ǻˡ
ӿǴͻ׷ģð˽ǿ߶仯϶иӦʱȥһŶѹĵͼԴ
ǳ붼൱Ρ
ӿɲ֪ЩͼԴע˷ѵģҪƸҲȥͣǱĺӣܼ
ԣ۲磬绹Ѹٵشͷ
ʱ仹ôڲȱƷˣôżʲôڽ磬ʱû
ô
૴һ
[ûûãִһǧ෨ңϳʮŰ׿Ұɡ]
ϵͳʼ侲ĻشҲûκ
[õģ]
һ룬ʮŰɫſϵֻʣһǧѡ
ֺԥ׳ſ
ͬʱӴʮλС˼ˡ

ӣõſĿȲУܿоۼǳէʱҲǸԽſݸǵϢ
һûǡùǽ˵Լķѵʱ͸һЩڻ˽󣬵ȻҲͬбȽϻԾĻ˳۵ģһЩ򵥵Ľܿãֱݼ֮
Сʱ˳Ӵһ֡
ʮŰ׿ԵвٶƵģ
0Ŵ磬ȻŴ漰úͽҲصģŴϡ֣˼Ҫߴˡ
һ1ĸ磬ϵɶ0縴Ӻܶ࣬лյĴ˵ʵϣνʵǽһߵȼΣصѡ
ȽȤǣǸߵȼ1൱ӽǻഥģ2硣粢ûԵĸʵﵽļޣҪ㹻ǿżԵõ2ĽɣҲǡɹˡ
˵2粢ûиͨǸĿ˳磬ôͨеľͻӸˡ
һ0ִ磬ִͨ⴦ΪԱŮabo֣ǿϢ԰ΪߣΪУ԰¡
ִ磬1磬һǰԵۣܣһʦħעŮ
һִ磬
һ2Ǽ磬һǿʺͻսΪҩʦиҽƷкܴĽ塣
1Ǽ磬һ磬޸๲ǿԵĵǱޣһ±࣬ûŮԣ߱Ϊ㣬ԵĵǵʵҡͬΪһǵİ飬ǰ㡣
ʣµ磬һ0ԭʼ磬ǣһ0磬ŮǡҲ԰Ϊߵ硣
ЩſȻ漴Ͷȥģ̫ĿҲеڻңȻ֮ӺͷɶУҪҲС
Ӵֻ֮½˽нףչһЩǸԴͬƷ
ۺķӵϡ
мڳʽ𣬲̽нס

Ѿ߷ù磬˸
[¿˵ͲȥˣȻʵɡ]
룬ָס°͡
[֪ǸⲿŵappŪûУУȥһɡ]
û˼һ
[˵Ʒ㣬ԽԽ࣬һӴҲ̫˵㡣ܸܲſӸܣԶʶǵĻϢ飬˼ҾԼһûʲô˼ԶˡҰеƷſ飬ǵĹappǰеƷƷȥԶѡԶͻôһ֮ǰʯ̨ռе׷ˣ]
[չ桭ǻøſӸԶԶչĹܣſɨṩĻ˿ֱۣӿ嵥չľͨ룬ֱӸǴ򿨡ſϡ]
ϵͳش
[Ѿ鹦ܣſԶʶ]
[ԼԶԶչܣÿۣƷ֮ĴҪͨ͹ܡ]
[͹ܿͨλСǧ10ңǧ30ңǧ50ң9100ҡ]
[ʱû㹻ҿͨ˹ܡ]
絹һ
[ô󣿣]
ܿڼѰǰľ飬ܼλͬԹһ£ҪôķС
ˣ֪Լͱָھôʡ¶ˡ
[Ǿ黹ǼؽȥȻڻ޷ɴԭԶĳɾͣÿǰƷϢͼ۸Ҳ׼ƷĿҲһĿȻõǺòܵǮԺ󣬲ŷƷûˡ]
[õģ]
[Ǹʯ̨ռɴתƳȥʱȷеһǣŪɸҷĴģ˽ȥԺ͸䳬Ƶģ˷ʽԼˢ˵ϸǸ֮ǰһܵ]
[õģ]
[ǸԶԶչҲؽȥһֻÿ˽кҼǵڲĶǿɴ͵ģ԰ɣоҪʽУеԱ߿һĶһǿԼ㣬ύ룬ȻԼͨƷһǮǮԺվͿֱУǲǾͦ㣿Ҳܴٽѡ]
[õģ]


74 عʵ
һ, Ϣķ仯
ʲô仯ǹʯ㳡һ࣬ٿȻһɫĴ, ͬͨĹŴ, ġܳ, м䲿ָ߸, չȥǳ᷿һ, ʵڲȴǴͨġ
ǽˢ൱׾ζ, Ƕм, ߵ·Ϸ˶ŸҶдСĸ֡
еҲ, иŷС¥, еģ࣬ҲңҪСϺܶ࣬խһЩ
дŵģǡе̡ĸ֡
ŲƵ⣬˿
Ȼ¶Ц
[һ, л, ϵͳ]
[ÿ]

ͬһʱ, Ŀǰепͻõſʾ
Ȼ粻ͬЩ̫ܲӦſĲڴϢĹ, ǻѸٵ³ʹ÷ʽ֪ǶԣڸннҪǰ˺ܶࡣ
ԪعУתҲв
ߣ³ϣװ顿
飬ΰ飬ֱַΪչ
Ԫعһһ
Ǽΰ飬㿪һ澵̬ķ򣬸·˵ֻҪѷԼ۵ƷͿԵóƷչʱļ۸
Ȼչΰ飬ͬһ򣬶׼۵ƷԱ߻һСǷȷxxƷ󣬾ͿԵ·ġ롱ⰴ
ݣ֪Ԫعͨſ֪ͨʱԽУͨƷڡе̡лȡҡ
ǹ顣
һ㿪ͻῴ-˽סŸⰴһƷ
Ԫع㶯ס
ɲǼ䣬ͼƬǰһ涼ǲͬƷģʵƷԼǰһ
һͼƬʱһƷӰΧƮС֣дƷáļλͿĿ
һݶԪعеƷڽкǰСй
ƷӰҳص֮ǰ
Ԫع·ʾ֣ӡҼʼĩҳѾϰ٣Щҳ롱ҳһ֮˵ԼҪſԶƥҪƷϸ鿴
ٻصǰҳ棬㶯Ʒ
ҳУʱֻƷ͡ˡ
Ʒ൱ϡ١
ԪعȻף൱ĶײȻ֪˵ȻҲ֪ҲȻġ
һһ¹ܶһ
һȿԽԽԺҪ׽Ͳôˡ
ֵ㿪Ⱥ顣
ȺҲԶԶȼֻܻ0-2ĿͻɾͿзչٶȣ˵ʲôʱ򣬾ͻͻȻкܶߵȼĿͻ롣
ĵ£Ǻܿͻᷢˡ
ľԽԽ͡
ڣҪӿٶȣֻϣһܸһЩ

ǳ˾ø⣬ҲԺȥˢԪعһ˼Ǻܶ˲ԼδƻµҲ
Ҳôˣеĸı俰ϲ񡪡
˵ģĪħʦ
ոհ˵ǵȥʱˣûȥееԥ
ϾǸ֡
ֵİΪħҩȰżѹ¶Ŀ־ţǴ֮󣬸оԷһİ˶£һ뵽ҪȥҪףе¡
ҪȥеʱͻȻ䣬ſ¹ˣ
˲й
֮Ͻȥ¹ܣһ
˸߲ҵſԼƵҩ۸
ܲ棬ԼԼԼһԼѡ̫ˣ

ڷԸϵͳſº󣬴뿪ص¾ӵķСɳϡȡ˻Ĵڡ
ʱ䣬Ѿȥ˺ü죬Ҳ֪Ԫôˣ
ͬʱĻٻᴥĶͷ
ɲǼ䣬еļ䴫˲ںϡ
⼸첢ûзʲô£ֻҪ¾ӣ˱Ҫɿҵ⣬ʱ仯ķԸǴСɳϵģٻȥᡣ
ļҲǵ£Ԫʱ䶼ͼݿ飬Сֱܸţ磬һ競٣Ŀúܡ
룬ջػȥ
ȥ뻧԰Ԫ绰ˣڲڣ˳ȵ

źͳֻ
ûţͻȻ䣬ڵķŴˡ
תͷһͼԪպô߳Ҳֻ
Ԫ̧ۣ˵Ҫ绰
ʱЦˣҡҡԼֻˣҲǡ
ӡ
Ԫ˵嵥û㡣
£ˣ԰˵Ԫˣһ˫ʱǵ¾ףǨġҲ˵ˣԪи嵥壬Ҳõ˵ʱˣڵ뻹룬ǾҪܰѼѶˡ
ӹԪĵӣһɨ˵Ƿֱ绰ɣҸСܺţܡ
Ԫͷá
˺ܿЩԲǵĵ绰
ر죬ţһڴӦ˵춼ʱ䣬Сܸպ²˵Ҫ·ˣһͨҽкҲʾʲôʱС
ԪߣȻҲǺ˳ġ

һ
һܴϷи³Ϸ˸ԱϷֱˣ൱ײǽڶڡѡ졣
˻£˵һᱻѹȥģƫƫһ̶ͻأǸ͸˵͵ͷ沿һŤ
Ҳݲݲݲݣʲôô}ˣ
壡ȥֻӹϣ
һˡܰͷϴŵĶһ˦һܣѶɳϵֻһ߽ͨͨѶһ߼ææذ֣Ͻͣˣ
һ㶣Ҳ֪ԼⷢСУͰԼˣͬʱԼҷСüֱĵ绰Ǳߵ˵
пգȻпգ
λϴǨ¾ӣʲôʱпգ
¼֪ͨû⣬û⡣
Ǿô˵ˣҪҪҴ˹ðҲУ¶˵
ããλ֪ͨͷ
ȹ˵绰§סܵĲӣһһþ˱ʵ̬
ô¶Ƕʲôʱϴ󣿡
ǾٸĶˣϴ󣬸𣿡
˵
ܱһ·Ť͡ɳϣ˼һѡ
ȻЦʵ
⡭ûϴͬ⣬Ҳ˵
٣

ǱߣԪ˵Ѷʱ䣬һº󣬰Ѿ͵ʱ䶨磬ھӦȥˡ˵ˣȥʱԪǸһȥæˣ˰嵥гģͦˡ
ҺԪְЩ˸Ĵ
һæˣʱҲˣԪ𣬸ԻصԼķ䡣
ϴ֮簲ĵ˴ϡ
˯ǰ׼һ顣
ʱϵͳ˵ˡ
[Ƭɣʱȡá]


75 ճ
, 䴽Цˡ
[ȸҿ]
һ룬ǰһᣬҪ, ѾܿʵĽǶ, һһŵԶ
ÿһƬһС൱ÿһչΪ, һϺұоվŸͦεˣͨĳúܿ, ͼ΢΢Ц, ů⡣
翴ߵͼʱʱľ£¶ÿЦ, ȿұߵʱЦȴΪ죬˵΢΢߳ܡ
һӦǣʱЦˣ
ڶӦ
ԼƬ͸ѣ᲻Ե̫ˣ
ôţĬĬذŵߵĴͷϡ
رЩƬľɫûе, ԪԪǲʲô, һˣ˵ǵԺϳɵġ
ô˵˵ϳɵʱԼƬҲһϳɽȥˣˡ
Ȼ, ۣ˯
¡˵ɡ

ڶ磬ϴ, ԪеԼߡ
ǱģദôˣҲ֪ԪǸϲֵˣܻеС񱣬д˵ĵطȻԼ߸ʡ
СϣӱóⶳԪҲԱæˮĴϺóһذǳϺߡ
Ȼûô̸ڸOO@@æţȴͦȻġ
ΪԪߣӰЩĲεĴԪЩϺҪ֣ͱϥǶ
Ԫ
Ц˵ǿ϶ܴĹп쵽ġ˲ûϣȥһȥдǡ
Ԫͷû˵ϴתȥ
ͷۣʵʵЬȥˣɺЦ

ΪҪȥλмܸͣԼʮӣϰ˵ʱץץͷеꡣ
û˯ãһǱͦ˷ܵģͷڷС
ģҹҪһ䱻׷ͱоȵľ϶ǰǵġ̿򡱵ģҺãӮˣҲûӮ̫ףѹû˯á
Ҫȥͣ絽ܳٵ
Ѹȥ˸裬Լݺݵһ£ٷɿϴ¹óɵĳãѸٸԼ˸͡
¥󣬱ķѾ緹ڳ˾ܡ
סԼµһжܷ㣬ܿӳ￪һֱܳȥһרȥ
һ߿һ̲סﰵ˵Ȼˣڵȵڣôżæŵģ
û֣ȥʱԱߵС￪һ۵ĳ
⳵ǸëʻŸ̻ҡ
һֱܵĺ棬һֱǼרֲٰѳʱ򣬻Сظں档
ܻڽУѹûзг١
ٵˡ
һ߸٣һֵġ
ë˵㷢ûö춼Ծˡ
̻˵϶˵ʲôϴйأǾٿһģôͱȥϴˣǽͣ˵ǲûǸ
ëԣô񻰡
̻ңθҷǵȥ񵽵ʲôأ
أӸһС
ëȥⲻ¥𣿡
̻ңҰͦģû˵˰
ëİɣȥ
̻ң˵׼͸ʲôϴйء
Сİ˴󹤷ģܸյſڣҲҪҵ绰ȷϡ
ͦعصģʵʵǼǡ
ȻСһ߹ˣһӣߵܵԱߡ
æкԪϴǲ̫ˣ
ˣǸϵԪҲǴɣ͸˵һľȹˡģȻͷܡ
Ԫкǿˡ
ѾõǼǣҲʶԪҵͷˡ
ԪĳһţԪС
Ԫָ·ͣԵøʵˡ
СĽ䣬ëѳͣã̻һóԶܵбֺ󣬶ͦƵġ
ëеʲôˣô
̻ң֪ͦģҿͣǹ˽ϴġ
ëšüǲˬ
ŪСܽȥ
ܵܣҸȥҪǸֳˣҰҪҡ
ˣ۾ŰɣҾͲˣ첻ˣҷǵðסʲô
УͰ˵İˣ˭յù˭
竣ƽʱûʲôĵģ浽ɵʱ򣬻Ӳ
٣Ϊ˾СܣôŴ̫ʵ޻СˡȻʲôУԺȲǾȥҲ´ˡ
һУ֪ܶ

˷Ѹٴλϴסĵطֻλ黹ãһھӣֵָģŸһʲô𣿲ҲûëСҲǸô˻ģסһһŴҲǳе¶ҪϴҲƵĹϡ
˵һסˡ
˳ԪָĴɳϣԪѵӴˣֱܳȵӴԺԪɳһ࣬͡
һգգضŵӣеľľġ
ʵ˵Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ƽôãϴڣŷָԪϴ󵥶ദǶôһѾˮҪȹȥϴкϴҵĳˮæǲǱô³çعȥűȽϺã
һʱ߰ģܾе㻳Լܲô磬ţôⶼˣһֻҲ;ŵ㣬ǻͦġ
ʱ򣬳ˮͣˡ
紩߳ЦЦôû˯˵䣬ԪӲ𿪣϶˳ܵ˱ˮ
ܵɴۣ˫ֽӹлллл
̿òô
ܵ飬ŷһЩ
ȻϴڵĵطԪϴûô}ˡ
ȥæʱһߺˮһС˵仰վûղôˡȻͷʵԪϴԸҲã濴ŵôûԡҲû԰ɣǲôˣܴеָо
ܸԪ˵˵ġַļİ֮ģһЩܾ˻߱۸˾ѺɱİʺаĶᱻа˺޹ǿýҲǽˡ
ҲΪԽԽ࣬ʱԽãǵ㾴η֮ľԽ׳ҲԽλͬĴиùϵΪԼİȫΪҶԵλ竵٣һɵ
к꾫Сܣɵ󵨽ţܸҲѹϵԽԽˣ˵ܵŬ£൱ĺг
ܻɫؽԪš
ϵֻˡ
ֻ


76 ճ2
Ϊϵ, ԪõͬһټҵĲͬԪֻùʾ, ߵǰ
Сܡ
ЦЦֱӽͨɣûˡ
Ԫ㿪š
ǱߣСرʵɤ
Ҹţ, Ҹҵϵ
üëϴֽӹֻˣĽˡ
Ԫͷ, , Լϡ
ѾֻǱ߹ͨһ߹ͨ, һ߳
Ԫվڳǰóһչ, ׼ֻ, ҪС, ھ͵ÿʼˡ
һͷС, վԱߡ
ܳ˸к, Ц̫ˡ
ڰ֣Ҳ, , ȥš
æվҺһɡ
һ£òôҲò㡣
ֻŲ
ûӣСܺţһˡ
кֱӽ
Сܿͷһ䣺, ط˰ô
ţҲģ뻧԰䷿
ź˿ܣЦ
Ӵ٣ô磿
Ϻð
ǰѽС١Ǽև壬жûĸоڻˣⷴǽеĴºţǴҺ׽˼ˡ
ҲϰˣȭǶһ¡
˶ˣ
ǵˮ
СĶ𾪣Ԫ
üôˣ
ţҲţǣһΪǵţԪԶ֣ġûסֽűȻ£ĸо
ЦĲóԣ˵Ӧò˵Աָָ߰ɣȴǲιһ¡
СǼ˷ԼҪ°ͣʼιȥˡ
ȻԪ治ǸģҲǸ˵󻰵ģǻڴŴܳԵʲôĴͰɡ

·ʵҲûʲôɿģ߷乹һģһΪǾװޣɫֱcopyƵģΪ䲻ûʲô۵ģһ۾ܿͷ
ķһסСģҪ硢ԪĴѧǿˡ
һֺ󣬳˱Ǹٵ⣬Сܺţ¶Ľʺ޵ı顣
СܸпҲ֪ʲôʱܹǮҲһķӡ
ţִСܵļϣ˵㲻УⲻãôҲҵģȻô죬־ӣ˵⣬¶Ȼı飬ҲԣòŵİôڣԳҼǵڹҲһģԲôƴˣСҲͦõġ
Сۿȥ
ţٺЦ
Сƿᣬ̫ᣬҲһʶźơ
ţһӴ׿ڳˣ
Сܣ
ôͲˣûϹ
žǺơ
վԱߣڣǾòıɣٿСNɪӣҲֻܰ̾ˡ
һɵɵ
ԺţҲҪҸȺ۲ġ

˿˷ӣǻǱߣɳ
ԪѾˣ֮ţʱȥˡӳ߳ǱһɨλԱߡ
Сܺ˿ˮʲôƵģֻóĻչʾ˿
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ȻСչʾǱȻͲʲô±ˡ
Сܣ˵ţҾ⡣Ԫǻǵðɣ֮ǰappѾˡѾעˣڲԱҲ룬ûʲô֤ΪԱǸװοͣο̳ܷ⣬طֻΧۣлԱרð飬Ǹطܽȥ
һԴԣҸһװοܽ͡ȥΪ¶ţ֪飬ɨһҲܸһ˵⣬Ԫ˵λϴʲôʱԸȥ˵һƾʵȥԺֱӳΪԱҪٸⲿǱ߱ˡȻˣҪʱⲿųϹϵȿҲС
룬Ԫô
Ԫ˵㡣
ɨ룬Ǳţ²ɨСֻǸܿ죬appֻĻϣҲһͬͼꡣ
ȻԪͬɨ롣
㿪app鿴̳Ա̳ο̳ҳҳ档
ʱôܼ࣬򵥣Ѿˡ
ΪûעᣬҲȥԱ̳ȵο̳
ӳֱӾɸӴֵı⣺
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ѵ̫лⲿ𣿡
⼸˱ú֣ǲаˣ꣬аæ𣡰л
ҼҺڱͻȻ˺üǺ˳ҳϣǲǳɾˣ
ھܵ˵˺üûдܽ˵һ¾ģ
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ҳбʽִÿ㿪һͿԿ⣬˿ӽлشѡĴ𰸲ͨappתش߰󶨵пϡ
ѡԺش߿ԹۿѡеĴ𰸣òԼûѡУǿߵġͬʱ߷͵ʽǶģʱû˻ش߻شȫʣͽǲ˻ߵ˻ġ
Ҫŵģͽ⣬߿ԽȻŽ⡣һappͨͽԶ˻ʧܣô߿ѡãǵòͽġ
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ЦЦƳһۣҲջ˻⣬˵а, ͷϸҪûʲô⣬Ҳո֡
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ܵȻӦˣСܺţҲûԼʲôͣһߣӣһȥˡ
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Ԫšһ׼ͶŽһС׵ϣڳѿ
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˸ɴҲתȥԪˡ
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Ԫǳˡ
ˣԪΪĸһЩҲûʲôþģͷǰ͸Ԫɡ
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Ԫģ׼Ĳ˲٣Ҳ˶ٺõģǱǴ͵ҪһЩҲȽ
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ҪȥòеģҾǲУ·Ҳͦѵġ
⣬滹һЩ󷨵ĺۼͨ󷨣еڹǽЧ΢ֻԻȫûκͨˡӦҲֻѹҴ̼ȴûɶµЩ˸ųɣһСĵ˹ֵֹģȥԺҲ硪ǹ涨ģԱɱҲʱҲһ𣿻͸ˣʲô˶ȥ
Ԫǰ棬Ϊ˾Ҳ֪ˣѳͣúҲһȥ
ʲô·ѡ֮ĶԻסԪ˲ȶЩðʯͷͣƹ󷨺ۼһȺ˳ǰһΡ
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һͷںڵĸŮȹһֻŵУһɰӣһһϣϡ
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һȺŮ۷غòܣһǰ᳴ŮƲҶǶǴĹŰѲҶܵһĿˣɰȽлȡҡҪֱ˲ûԶչˡ
ѹͲ뿪ˣ룺ٲҶ٣һⱻ˷ֱ֣ӱŲԲˡ
ûȷʲô⣬ȥѰԴŮʹһϢ˵ǧ۹ùøУӭµ롭ú󣬰ȹȥһΣȷʵйأҲȷʵǸзԼġ
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ΪдÿˣŮǲע󣬻ȥѧ˺ŵĹŵ赸᲻ʱڲС̨裬ݵҲż˵ʲôġĲˮҲǮƽģҲǸԴմߵġ
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ڰŮԽԽʱҲרע
ͬʱҲ֣Ůֱۻʱ΢΢źϣ۰ȷʵһɹЩ趯ҲγһСƵġ
鶯죬ļ¡
Χ۵ĸλˣеתø죬еǶĹ켣ʲô
ת·߶ֲܴڣԼŮʱø졣
š
ŮӦպĵһֻŮԵõһЩĴмɣְС֣϶ǱҰŮгģҲ
ʱӦϰΪشѧĶԶڸոոյĻ˵ǲģ趯ʱ򣬶Իĸ˵ȷʵа


80 ıƺ
, Ů趯ƶûõģĿǰķŸòŴӰŮǽȻԪ, ԪޱͦģһȥתͷԪҲûôעڰŮϡ
Ǽͨ, ھǾúÿ, ĸоûеġ
ʮ, Ů, Ҳɢ, ð̯İ̯, ùֵĹ֡
Цʣ䲻ˣ
Ԫû˵, ֪ⲻġ
Сܼ, ûߡգǶûΣòԪ, ͻȥǲ̫ϧ
ܿһһ뿴ܲ򵽵ɶءѶбۿæ˵Ҹտˣе̯ǻԴ, Ҳ̯Ǯ, ɨ븶ţͦȽġ
˵ԽԽС
СܺţΧû˵ٻ, ȷʵм̯ǰŶάġǸոûע⣬һƬ½ֺܹϵľˣУ˼ҲϹŶҲǺִġ
ǡ
ҲȤֱ
٣˼ˣ
ʧЦһȺˣʲô档
ˣû£͸һɡҲﳣĶǸʲôˮƽ

Сܶһ̯ǰͷһСּۻۣǣǻѧ治ܱ˵ܳĶһǧһҲ̫ˣȻҲòףҿҪ۸Уһǧʮô
СһڴζɶУ˼һһ£զȥأ֪жѲתŮתпɷѾˣƾѣ٣
ţԱó
תŮŮתУǿôͬɣͷ粻ʶӲʶ
СܻڿۣвУһǵʲôӣ㲻ܲҿǱ޻ɣͨĶʮһͷһһɣļ۸Ҳ͹ˣҲʲôҩǰɣ
磺զô˵أʪġ
ţһһĭɵģֱĿɿڴ
Ȱƻ޻ҲһҲ˵޻еʪãģⷽҩùǼǿ˰ɡ
˸ˣǱܶһֻǵǰָ̯Ǹε˲ʼ۸
治Ǯ뻻ǸʲôȪҲ֪Ȫģ˵Ҳ̫Ϊͨˡг⣬㱨Ҷ
ҡͷ
ܰ̾Ǿûʲôķˣ
ǻҡͷ
ҲǸԸǿ˵ģ̯˲Ʒ̫ˣֻ࣬ȥ
ŬûķˣСưĺгġ
ʱһѼϸɤӡ
㿴ʲô
ʶػش𣺡£ʲô
˵⻰ʱ̧ͷŽһȰ˵ȴط֣ǻǵ̯Ӻ棬ˢˢʮ˫۾ġ
һëЦſڣôˣ
µǣһ룬̯λǶҡͷֻǣͻȻͷڵϷ
ܾ֣ʲôҲûɣûϵ
ţЩְ˽ŵعѴֻΧиǾǸ˲ξܵĻ
ߣߣ
ԺֱֻܾƳǵȦ֮⡣
æҵر˲ΣΨ˵ĸ룬㲻ЩǵڸһʱҲ֪߸
ʱļ硣
תͷϴ󣡡ͷһۻ˲Σ
̿ɵɵûʲôµģ˲Űɡոջʲôַأַɹ˲ξ͸лˡ
֪ܺ䴫˵ַô¶
Ȼ˵Ժע㣬ַǻɻͦζģҹ˲ǻĹͬƲ涨ǮģôҪ˲ΣԵ־ַˡҪַʧܣشַɹ˲͸㻹顣
ܶʱһ£ʲôԸлĲսСʣɲǿܹҪһȥҸ˵λһݹ͵ǡԷ
Էأɲ㹩ġɸôԵ֣ҪֻԷȥɣصá
ܵǾãܱ˵Ļɿ϶ͦˣȥҲɡ֪ηģʱͱ첻˵ˡڵ벻룬ô룬ûȥ磬ҪȥҪЩеĹ˵
ˣԪʾ⡣
ԪܣȰ˲պá
ܱԪɤһ̼˼ʱ׬ˣæ˲
ԶԶԣԪϴ˵öԡ
㣬еʱ͸ˡ
Ҳʵ˸š
˵׵ģûرֵעĸ塣
иһ׶ΣֻҪգʱƣۼĿ˵ȼܻԽԽߵġǾԲᵹյġ

в󣬵Сܡţܹ䵽˷ҲϰеĹʱǾͲٺ֮ǰҪԪӰǽأͱСһԪں档
һһĴϰϰ൱⡣
Ƕûô˵պܺãһҲû䳡εĸо
ӽͷߵβңңһæŸѣϵЦ
ûãĨЦݾʧˡ
Ԫͣ½Ųͷ
ôˣ
üȴӶ˵ĶжĵĶ
Ԫ˶٣ͷš
Ҳ֪ûã߹һ̯λʱ򣬿²۵ĵطڹؽ̸
һԸվѲõߣ⣬ǿ塢ζģĵȼԺҲȫΡվĽһСӣǵİӰһֻ֩룬ʱ仯һһ
ڣѰƼŵľ
ԣһڼǧ򡣡
̫ˡ
ļֵڣвƲֱϵ׼̳СǰˣĿǧԱۣǾţһë
ֻһͨˣǵҪ̫ˡ
ݣ߹Ӷıڲ٣ɱҪĴ۲СѾǿͼλ㲻ܣεĽϡ
ϰ˼ǡ
˽̸ǳСܺ֩뾫˿ĸӳɡǸԵӳɣϺܶྭûз֣Ҳûע⡣
ǣ磬ҲûԪ
ɫѿ
Ԫ
˲źۼ뿪һ·Զһһ߷Χ
Ԫŵڣ㲻ˡ
һͷش𣺡ıƺ
Ԫ飺ⲿַӳ
ܺúܺȴҡҡͷ
ǸνİҪǿܵκһˣֱӸСܻܣͨǸⲿŴкͰ½ȥ
ǾϲС


81 
Ͻʮ, Ӵѧڼ俪ʼҵ֮ķչǳ˳̶̼ѾС˾˾ٵڵļ, ԿϷΪмͶ˺ܶҵҲ˰ҵ̳¹󡣼ŵıڵ۶Ϊ, ̳оصĵλ
һſ, Ⱥơ
һʽʼͿʼȱʽĸԺǮ, ˵Ϊ߶, ǮĿһΪ, ϣͨǮûŵڸԺúһ㡣
ֻϧ, ʹ˻Ǽ, ûеõ˵Ϣ
ڵĸԺ͵õ, ҲΪЩܵǮԭΪҪһЩ۶ʱ, ҲͼСͿʼʶǮҲĿڵĸԺΪƫԶЩѡ
ϱӲûоˣԺҲõľ, ȻλûоϿ, ҲʶڸǸʱóһ棬ľ, ͸ϱǸһжġ
жȻҪûҲˣʱǲİѾϵİΣи˵ġ
иɽⲿš
Ԫ˵⼸ҪȥѰţ⾣ܺ
Ԫûԭ򣬵ͷ˵Ұ㣿
籾ҪܾģϾԼҪȥȻԼĹģȴԼʵսĲô㡣Ǹʲô˸ҷŻ֣㹻İգɱֿܲ٣ΪΧȦ˱ԪԸæȻá
˵ҾͲˡ
Ԫֵͷ
ԼԺȻԪزʣ绹ǰԼһҪԹȥŵԭ˵֪˾Ե֣û취Թۡ
Ԫöԡ
ЦЦ
Ԫȥɡ
ſȥǱһһĶԻ
Ǿ˵ˡ
ǧ򣬵λ̲֮߻жɡԺ󣬱Сʱڴβͻù
ԡȥ̸ϰϵ
ס𵽸ʱԽ磬ǵжͻԽ졣
֪ˡ
ţһһȻֿ
֩뾫İֻſٻѸٵʧ˺ڰ֮УǸܿ˿źۼػȺȥ
ü
̫ܲСǵ£ǱһһѾ˽׵ٶ̫죬˵˽ͻж
Ϊ˱סϵ뿪
ԥһº˵˫հɡѸⲿҲһ£ǻȥҪʱ䣬뾣ϸܸȥ
Ԫû
ƷֻţʵϣʶϵͳԻ
[Ҹⲿ]
[Եģ]
ϵͳǷĵġ
[лˣ졣]
[õģ]
ȼ仰ֻ
߰ɣȥСǡ

Сʵһ˭Ҳɵӣ֮ǰԪνõģھͻȻ˵ʮʱ䲻ˣǶʲôĬǲò͵¶ˡ
Ҳ˺üСʱ߾¡
ǣʲôҲû˵ֱӸͣ
ԶԣǸûȥˡ
ҲǣֵҪ˯ݾġ
˲ҲûȥҸ硣
䴽ЦЦԪһǰ
ܿ죬ɽꡣ
濴ҲԪ·ʱСǾûбڵߣɵؾͳŶ洩Խȥ
ڴһʱͻȻô⣿
˳ܵߣ翴˿ǽĵط
͸֮ͬһëһ̻ңվţ¶쿪ֱǽһһ߻ƣȻŲÿһԭصģȻҲǳ첲ȶϧȥǹŶԷ
磺
Ҳˣ
ȻƽʱôӣСһ𳤴Ϊʲôˡ϶Ӳ̹ףרŶءҲû뵽ĵطɲʲô˶ģⲻû˴ʱѹ͸ͷ˰ɣ
ҲٿȻ
˾뿪һʼûģϾ۶࣬иʮͬ·˵۶֮ԽԽ٣ӽɽˣгͬ·ܲµǳǸŹġûоʲô⣬ҲûʲôвУǳĥĥģ粻ɨˣҲûŹѹˡ
ڳ˵ϢǸŵĳ˴һ
٣ʶ
ε˵ҷСİɡ
ȻЦЦҲ棬͸Ԫһˡ֮ǰҸƿϣʱȥһȥС
뷨Ӧ
СܺţҲף׷׸Ԫ𡪡һ˵۶̯ĻҪֿģǰҲûɶ
ȻԪһۣһ˳ȥ
ɽʱ浯һƻСǱһƬǺë̻Ҷɫ࣬Ҳѹһۿܡ

ԪڽŵףҹɫѸٵشڳȥϰס
ʵ˲٣Էſ·ʱ൱Ŀ죬ԪȻҲнģһֱܸ籣ͬĲ
ܸˣһӿٶȡ
Ԫͬ
˵ĲӼûʲôҲҪǨֻʮӵʱ䣬ӰƵģص˵۶
Ժϵͳͨ
[ģ]
[ļɽׯ˫ű]
[ͷָ·]
[õģ]
ֱӰϵͳָķߣԪ͸Աߣֱֱߣתת䡣ûʮӣѾļɽׯ
ļɽׯɽׯʵǸСдƽҲбʽҲֶ־֣徲徲ǽ½õС֮һĿ̾Ѱš
ʹû۶õ磬ҲСĴſ֮󣬵ܱ߻ȷĶ֮
СԪסԼ𣿡
Ԫͷ
룬ԪʹṩķԪϣȻԪԼҲУǾòŶˡ
һۺ˵ĬʧȻԿ˴ˡ
ţһǰһСȥӯƹеĸ߿Ƽ⣬СڲⲢǰʲô©ǱͲһϵ

ϵı翴Ѿ˲ٱڣͬʱߺʿڱͬķλⲿŵĳС顣
СǿȲΪϵĵλĸߣԼʹǲ鲻ǱġˡκϢѸٵص֣Ȼȥе顣
²ĵʿڣ¾Ϊɳֻ֩뾫ǻһοܻһЩֳ֣Ȼõʿܿơ
Ȼλȴûɱš
粢ô͸ⲿŵ˴򽻵Ҳ׼˷Լ˰ԪһھϷĸ
ÿʱỵ̈綼Ҫȷ˵߷Χ֮ڡһⲿŵ˲ܱþϣǳֵʱ
˿̵ľϣ鷿칫
ʹⲿѾΣգҲûжԼĹ


82 
ϵĳӢ, Ǻ̳ƴɱԵʣӢ֮࣬͸ĸĲӲ, üͷĿ̺ۣȻȣȴ͸һ, ܲǡ
Ҳͬ, ֻǶʮꡣ
ʶϵģʮһʱ, Ժ˾ϵľ, Ȼϲûнܲɷ, ҲûԵԺ, ƬǷŴԺкӿ, Ҳǻм֮ĵ˼
ľϺΪ, Ҳûǿ󣬵ǸʱܿϵǿӲˣҲϲ
, עĲǾϵòǵһʱ䷢ϵĲԾ
ʶҪԪۣڲ˵Ȼʶѯϵͳ
[ϵǲ䣿]
[ǵģ]
[Ǹ, ϲ]
[ֱϵѪǵѪԵϵ, ˵ѪԵǣ]
[˼ǡ]
绹ǺϵͳĻģһ£г
[˼, ֮Ҳ궪ʧѪףΪһѪ֮ѪԵϵ䣬û취ҵǸʧѪף]
[ǵģ]
ĵоһġ
ʵһֱΪ֮ҲѪΪԷ˻߲˵ģΪڿƼ͵ԺĺǸĸģӦǻǼǻϢģҲ͵ǻˣϵͳϣȻҵˡãϾԺν˹úõĿǺСģ뻹Ϊ
֪Ȼа˾ϣôŬҲҲ˵Ϊ䣬˵ĻϢʹǼҲΪԭûƥ䣬ҪҵˣҲΪԵʺʧ֮ۡ
ôģȻҲѪס
ȫ˾ϵĽǺ͵ǣǻΪʲô
粻и롣
ҲҪɱϵľǸѪףҲʧٵǸˣôŲȻᱻֱϵѪ׻áôᣬҲôֻҪһлҪ˸Ǹ֣
һʱ䣬öˡ
ǣһ˿ϸĻֱž϶ȥѸٵû壬Ǹ䳹Цݡ
ֱָԴǿСǳףϢ䣬Ǹͳɢˡ
ͬһʱ̣ϵͳȴشһϢ
[ϸֵܡ]
͵ۡ
[ʲô]
ٿȻӦϵͳǿԿκһߵģϣȻҲͿ˾ϵˡ
ͬģҲ֪˾϶ʧǸˡ˭
ϵͳȴŰοζ
[һֱѰҵǸճͱ˴İܣǸ˾]
ԭء
û뵽ϾȻ׸硣

ϵĸ׾ǸУС˽ǳ֪ôԼıɽѪǮڿ˵۶ĴѧΪ̿࣬ɼҲʮ졣һֻˮΣκζԼĶѵĺֲԼĲ㣬ڶ̶Լװøڵ۶ûʲôͬͨźۼֺãǸѳˡֵܡţͨλʶȦˣٰͨ㡰顱׷˺ϼҺ۰Ů䡣
ǸȴĴС㣬ź򣬷СҪϣ¶˳ģȻĹӸܵϲοֵýԺã˶һûκţҲŮһۣܵжͬ޸Ϊޡ
ϼѾܸˣҲȱԸʵʺϼ޸λȻߵ˼ңǼȷʵǳãʹӦŻ¡
ֽʾ֭ǵĻϲ൱ӡ󾣰΢ñڼʱҪ仳еʱһֱźϸ飬󣬻ǵĺȡϣ˵ǰĽᾧӵҲҪǵϽһ
ϸġ硱£һֱ㣬Լûм޴ˡϼҲþϾǸбµģǵ֧˾ҵҵѵʱ򣬸ܶ
ǣҲ֧£ܿԼĹ˾ڲϣȺϼҲ˶ˡͬʱҲҪϼҵ֧֣ܸϼ⣬Ϊʵں俪ģ仹˽һЩϼҵĹɷݡϼҶ۰̫žȻָһ롣˽չһЩϼҵɢɣɷݲ٣ΪϼзĹɶ֮һ
Ҳʱ򣬾¶ԼĿ
ʼŮˣƫǧĻ˳ֺõŮˣĵλԽԽȣŮҲԽԽ࣬ЩŮˣҲ˺ӡ˶ӵģһױţŮģҲһ׷
ˡ
ϼָ˵ȴѾ˾ˣϼ飬ܽҲִ֣ھ̫ˣõ᲻θ飬Ըžıѣͬʱַߺ޾ƭҲҪžһ𣬾ԲЩŮλ
ھҴ󳳴֣ʤ䷳ʱҹҡ
ʵ䣬ر䣬ȻֱӰЩи˺ӵССȫ˻
ʱľֻ꣬һֱ;谮ţʵϣһֱ䣬Ҳֵ̳ͬĳӡ
;ַԺ󣬾ͻȻͱˣЩŮ˴ĺӣмˣھĻȫȡĵλ
ΪûãʼѶԾĳ޷йھϣССͣѾкܶ˺ۣСԸȣܿ췢֣ԼĴԼʵǸĸϧĺӡ
ҲǾΨһҵĵط̳ԸĴ⣬ȴû̳ƫִҲ̳˾ѧϰ츳ߣȴû̳˽Զ񶾡
ʱ𣬾ÿԼڷԼǱҪһӵ¡
ǡ
ЩŮ˰ĵһڣϳΪĳͲڶڣԼʲôڣ䷢֣Լˡ
ΪԿӰѾϧĺ̫ˣںľģȻţǼ⣬Ѷĺӵǡ
ĸһǣϺڴͬͬĸĺӡ
ͺСںڴ˵ʱѾеͻȻͲˣԶҪʱͻȻԼҪӵһµˡ
˳µģ⵱һܴˣ첹ˡˣǵܻܵãúñСԼ̵ԲΪĸˡǸӵԼҪˡ
䲻ôֻ̥ŸЩŮȴ͵͵֣ʹǱץסйŭǾչ䡣
֮仹˳˺ӣǸӤԺͰѺӽһС䣬϶࿴ֻۡоϸ˼ˣ˸ѧϰͽ⣬ÿһȥܵܣԳ̷ιҲ·
ǸӤǾΨһο塣

ʱǡ
ڣļѾܺˣǲܼǵӤʱڵµģϸϸػ䣬ȻӼڳһЩ档
ϱûעңƺҲô˾֮û۾ͱӵһ۴ޣ˲ͷعιһιⱲͬĿͷҲһÿ춼иСк׾ȴŬչ
ǸСк
ŬػСкأ
Ȼۣü۶ϴ
ľǾϡ
ٿʱһʱ䲻֪ôĵĸܡ
ֻϧⱲǱӵˡ


83 ϵĹ
ӵǾŵŮ֮һ, ҲġӵģиֻȾС꣬Ǿϵӵĵһˡ
Ů˺ܻ, ɿ̣ͬ鷳ʱˣŮҲţǼ⣬һ߸, һ־ΪӲŸô, һҲţǼ⣬ֻҪĶ, Ժͻӵ, ҲҲˡ
ѾǸ, û취, žȥѧϰڼʱ, ͵͵ǱӤ, ٣˶żȻ֪һ˷Ӿۼĵط
Ȼܿ˷ӹ, Ӥ
ȾϻԺѾĵܵˡ
Ҳ£ŮֻеСѣܶ࣬ܿҳסǸ, ʹϲĺ, ҲǸŮôƣֱӱŮץˣŮĺҲӴʧ, ֻţûǰ۰
ǣΪѾ˲ʱ䣬ʹѸٳҲҲЩ˷ӵټˡ
ӷԸ⻨̫ྫһҲͲˣϺܾû׽ףȴȥȻ֮ԱǣŪȥҪԡȥĸ䣬æŸЩŮ˶æŸ֣æľ̫̫𾣰Ū䣬ŪԸ⣬ΪǶ˸ãԺͲˡ϶󼸾䣬䷴䱾ضйŭȻܾ˰ѡǡһ
ȥϼˣϧǸ䣬Ъ˹£˰ǱߵˣǲʶģûнӳǣӳɽԺ󣬾͸ǶϾһϵ
ʱ򣬾ϲ˸ĸѪʲôزҲϾ˶ǵһ˿롣
֮ļҲᾣһУֻץסһʱʵԼŬѧϰһжԼõĶ෴ǣҵг֮󣬿ʼԼ֣Ȼͳ֮Уû˴ǰĽҵҲôרעžһһҲ޷þϷйǾͰѾϵᾣעĹߣκιذ
ҲЩ
ֹ˼꣬ϼҼͶʧܣҵˮȻҲкˣǱϼȴǿ˺ܶࡣϼҵˤ䣬ھĵλԽԽͣȴԽԽִ֣ҲǸȴòʵĴСģˡÿͻŮ˴֣˺ͬø
ȳ谮ϼҶȥƼҵıĸȻǺܳ谮ģЩȥӴͷ磬Ҳĥ˶⡣
ľ״̬˺ܴ⡣
ڣھʮ꣬õھҿˣüŮ˶ˣھֹʱ׷ſ
ٺЩŮ˺У¥ݹȥԴӲϣˡ
ʱľѾʶ͵չʱ򣬲֪Ĵ£ʬûᣬǾһֲٰ죬˳ᡣ
ǰԾŮˣȻ񲣬Ҳմմϲñǰʧȥϡǵ׷ſ֮ų䣬ݼ֮£ֱӰѾţϾ˸ӹϵ
ѧĶѧˣͲھңľٶǺ˼һ߼ѧҵһŬҵһЩɼ
ǣǱʼѹҵ
Ϲú࣬ǿؿסˡ
ʽӽѣǼ׾ǸŹġԺ֪֮һֱûм游ĸΪӿԺ󣬾ͳ˴ǰļˡ
ƴޱƫĸĸǼեѪҵĽ㣬ʹôǮˣҲͷһۡھʶȥȴһӵˣڼǰ½½رĥ
Щˣοʮ֮һŮľأ
ϰȥ澣ЩķĹû͸¶ԼݡȻڴҵ֮صѡ˸Ҽûʲôغϵ˲ҵӪԾĴѹҲľ鲻ʽתѡ˲ҵ˽ⲻ࣬ĵط岻֣ϲܴӼзѳһ·
ҵɫ󣬾ȥǼԼĻϢҪѰʧٶĵܵܡ
Ÿճ겻ãܵʧȴѾʮ꣬һֱûǹ
û澣ҵܵܣϿʼƣκƫԶطĸԺλԺǽĺҲǼǣԱҵǵˡ
ϧǣϼ˺ü꣬ʼûҵĵܵܡ
һһȥϣԽԽСǼƣһ˿ϣ

غһ
[ϡҸһֱûҵңǸѪףǾɡ]
ҲֻǾ
ʣµֱϵѪףֻоһˣҲûѡܲŵʱɵİɣûʲô˼棬ҾˣҲûˡ
Ȼ֣ȻСnһأϾϵˣڶ˵ҲǸİˣûʲôϵıҪ䵱ǣ˵úã¾ҲԸһ衣
硭
ѵеã
ΪԼǸˣû뵽ϱûΪûоĴڣⱲûңʵеġϼǹô꣬ǲң˾ϵѰҡ
ϵͳȷжϡ
[ǵġ]
[꾣ڴѹɺ󣬾ͷ˲ҵǱ޴󡣲۹Ѿռһ鵰⣬¼Ѿˡٹ꾣ϵʲʼαԶʤҡ־ѰʱܿƶƻͨһаŵʿϵѪ׹ϵ䣬þ޷˳ҵȻȴҵﵽ߷ڡȶתںʵʱɱϣԷϵĸ˳µؼ̳оϵŲ]
²ļһֻû뵽Ȼйϵ
˱ۡ
ʵҲ֣ƹк󣬼־飬ŻҲûУƽƽظ⣬ֻԼǸˡ֪ºȴͻȻоôġ
Ҳڤڤеһ˿ɡ
Ƿĸӣϵͳʱ˵˺Ļ
[ԭľȻܵϮҲû]
ϵͳİοҲһЩġ
[ûǣ˺صˣ԰ɣ]
ϵͳû
[ǵģ]
[õģھԺ˹չ]
һ㶡
[ʲôˣ]
ϵͳش
[;õˡ]
Ļش΢΢ü
˵õˣȴûֱ˵һ롭ϵͳ˵ٻô˼֮⣬ǼʹãȴûܸԷһ
תһ⡣
[ǸˣǸʲôˣ]

Ϊһճ겻õˣѾ൱츳ˣҵ߷ڣǳæµϻҪһпʱҵܵܡӦĴѹûаκһ˼̸ϣ㾭ʾãҲӲ̬Ӧȥû˿ġ
̬ȣȰڶ׷ߣҲЩеȻѡʺϵĶ
ȻȴһĻ㽣ʸ־塣
Ǹͨͥﳤ֣꣬ĸͥгִͥ⣬кӿ飬ǸõС̫ϧʮʱ뵽ѧУһϲ·ȴ˳ȫֻʣһ
ͥҸݶǺˣûĸĸȥоò岮취õļ໤ȨռвƲҲп
ҲǸʱѧУﳣ岮ҵĺӴͷ鷳ѧڣ˫ȭѵ֣ñס
ֱһαµʱڰȴ·ľϾȥҽԺʱ𲽣ǺܷæģɿŬЦʱ򣬻Ҫʲô
ʵиһֱϵܺȴԶڹϵϵĹùãùò֪£ûܼʱϻʱֹʹظ˾£ȻѾ뿪˾ңȴϵĹùá
ĹùңңϻЩ岮˾ɹִ֣⡣
ھ˵ֻ˳ְæ˵ȴıδ
ͬʱڹһŬѧϰһҲס˾ˣǧټƵؾϼġܲɷõ־ȥѰҹھϵκһϢ
ʱˣϾԽϡ
ֵĹùöܺãΪùڹⳤ󣬶ֵĽҲû㵽Լ
ַԼϲ̨ϷⷢȣҲϲݲͬĽɫڹѧݺͳٻعչ
ĵδûԼٶȳҲþܹŵ뷨Ҳ˵ǸСǱԼ
ıӵкǿ׺ԽԽȴױһӵ޵Ŀԡ
ֻڿѵרҵܵʱһżȻĻ죬˳½ҵùðæѿҵʵĹ˾ڳݼϵ츳ڶ̶һΪûȱ֮ǰһСɱƬӵõݼϵϿɡ
ܿ죬ִԡͨԴѩƬһ˹ֺæµæµͬʱ־ѾСϷϧ֪ǱʲôԭˣЩλ͵͵ءźۼرֳԼϲЩСϷɡ
ңҲľþžˣЩСϷҲ൱Ȥ
ʱڱʱֻһ㲻ı֣ҲѸٱ˷֣ЩСϷҲ˸˵ۣӲܿҲʱΪֽŵ޵ľϣ׵ؽɶ磬Σ
ûϳ֣ȴܸлڻѪԺԸһʴǮĵһϷĴԣ˫Ӯֵ־ͺкøУΪںСʱ͸ȡ֣ͽС֡ȻĸܵܣȴϣֵܵܿسɳԸΪ˸ŬĹ˾СѰҲǡѰ֡
ŶӵĺĶ֪϶ֵҪԣǮҺԥشӦ˾Ϸ롣
ȻϷĴϷҲִȷʵҲ׬˺ܶǮɸĵǣΪлʶ˻΢š־ȻظദҲǸˣǽ˽黹еѡ
ٱʱַֺǮϣȴûͶȡɷݣҲܾ˾Ҫɷݵ顣Ȼÿ󣬾϶ַĻرÿεѩ̿϶μʱƣϵľḻ˺ܶ࣬ǳ죬ƾҲûгɹˡ
ϺֵҲһֱžϣȴʼһҲᡣ
ΪһĿæû찵أҲոմһݹ籾ȴƬ뿪黹Ī
ƫƫҲʱϴ̳㾣ϵţ˵һŮ飬ǸŮĸǾϳں󣬾ûзƺĬϡ
ΪģԼٸϼ֮ϵѿȻڹѵżͨˢھϸϵʱƽҲûþϷֶߣֻǴԺû˽
ǱߵȴǸŮ˽ŪģΪϾܾİ취ͼɼȶʵǸһֱϺ죬ҲŮĻͬͼϹϵŮߥ£ס˺ĽȣΪľǸѹ
ԸŮû뵽ľ¡
ԣû̷˽ѰĺһÿЩļһʱ
ǶԸŮΪɳʱֱӷҧһ⣬ҴӴ˸ǶϾϵҲ˳塣
ֺȻ֪£һʱĥӵӣðϣǸŵĹһӴ˳ױ
ԼϵѹϵԽ׳һ֮ǰƽ
ɾڴͷ󣬷ԼֵĽ١һʼΪæŹʼռˣھЩԾͬһʱ䣬ϷԼֵ˼ҲֶԼ롣
Ϊֵַ˼ȡ䴦ûоһֱ񣬾ϻŬһȥ׷֣ϧûнԸ״̬ȥ֡
֮Ϊᣬʼѣʼƽˮ
ھԭȻӶ˺ܶౣڣҲкüߣҲûֿܵס˵ϮҺþ˱Ķ߱Ҳϵⲿţеǿ߿ٸնյرס
ڹ֪ϱϮҴҸϻչˣھΣ֮Ҵ뿪ⱻϿԼ¶
µ˹ߵݣµлֶڲҪعܵǣͿʼģȫѻҡ
һľǺü꣬û뵽ϵĻػôңдʧҲҪþ˥ܣһʱ䱻ôֲЩŮҲϺȣͷö
Ⱦھϵ±ƲʱҲŭؿʼ޲𹥻óԼ󲿷ֻ׶ÿһϹϵӽ˶֣ܾܰͰܣܲ˾ɱԸ˾ϣȴֶвϡ
ΪϽ鲻æѣȻҲڶֵķΧ֮ڡ


84 Ϯʼ
ֲǸԸ, ֪ڶԾֺʵʵض˹⣬ôǺֶεģһעʱ, 㾣϶ҵ˿϶֡
һֱܵرԼǸ, ɼʱ, ھĲ£ȻûԼץסΪҪЮϵİѱ, ȴŵŪض, ڶ, ס, ȴٵò, Ҳ޷Խòڹǰ
ɼǿ, ԼҵҲֹۣȻû취ٳΪڵĽ㣬˽Ĳܻ, ʼΪɫԲķʽµġˡʱȻ׬Ǯȴܶ࣬۹ҲͶ˺ܶӰӾ, ׬˸Ǯ, Ժûǵġ
ΨԾϣְһݰ׵ˡ
ȻڰѾͽԹǸ, ס
žϵƷ֪Ϊξø鿪Цͬʹ࣬ôˣҲԸԼİԺһֱһҲһƤġԶܸܻˡǸԼ
ﻹиĿ־塣
ϲǸֻˣһ𣬾ǲģɼأʮأʮأոһյĥ˶ĸ飬ȻֻΣΪζ϶޹ôӢǿ־ôʹ࣬Ӧи㹻õ飬Ů
ʲô˵Ĳˡ
ֲıܾ˾ϡ
Ϻر⣬ɵֺܼﻹѹֵʹʱٴμʱϲãϲһ˲飬Ѹֵ뷨
ֵ⣬뿪ˡ
˺ĺܶ꣬ûİ£ǻమĽģΪʵԭѾû취һˡ
ûϵͲǱҪʱʱ̿һԸɹע֣֪ҲʼûҰ¡ֺרĴ˰㯣ͺܺá
գҪܶ࣬ļҲһһ׳ֻǺܿϧŬѰָֻ˵ĵرҲܶصϢȴʧ֮ۡ
Ҳ֮Ե޷ְɡ
ڼ䣬ǶԾաӹúܲܹǰ뱲ûԹĿࡣ
ҲƲˣЩŮ˺˽Ů׷ɢȥû˻ӻʱҲû˹úãΪ˹ġ
Ǹ޹أֻǵİ˶ѡ
ûȥ̽ûʮ꣬ĥˡ
ǰһ档
ûȥõ˾ԡ
ظԼ;ϵѪ׹ϵ䣬ԾϲʼҲܾ֣ܵҲȷİΣ
׶󣬾ٴε飬ϸϸ
һȻҵ˿ԭǰ˷ӱܵԺһ·ƫԶĵطȥӹ˵۶ѲȴСط񾯷֣׷
УЩ˷ӶӶ·˵ӣͶһƬУΪ󣬱˷Ӷˤˡ
Ƿǳŭ߾ȫץסЩȥվ޷أҲӤ˵£Ҳֻܰճʬȳĺӣеҵ˼ˣеҲˣͱͽ͵ҸԺ
һңӴǼҡ
õϢľû̫ģ׼ȷˣԼһûˣΨһİҲֻңңԶԼߡ
Ҳûöįôһֱġ
󣬾ʮʱȥ
ǰȫÿĳиһ׷ӣʣµĲƲűĹҡ
ÿ궼Ϊ裬Ƥòһֱû취޸
ʵڷ־ϲûȥһܺõİʱ־ҪǻȥɣڵҲʼֻоϡɵվӣԼٴúÿһʱȴֻܿͬͲֻʵطˡ
ԽʹԽƽͣòȴԽª
ˣôܸվһȥϣ뵽ʱԺֵʱʢգȥˣھϵֻǵùһòˡ
վûȥ
ĺֶܶ꣬վˣҲһֱúƽֱϵʦҵ֪˾ϵڴһһҹʹʧ
ԺִϼɫıڣʼȥЩΪΣھϸµķסϼ죬ȻһС
еķӶסԺдһ׸裬϶ס˶ķ˯ھϵĴϣһ˯µλáͺ˯һƵģҲ۾
޼ա
ҲļһݲƲ⣬ȫˣЩסˣҲˡ
ΨֻһԸճһѻңԼȥҾϣһ
ϵʹһ仰
[Ըһ]
ֵԼĺ£۵ʱ룺Ըġ

ĬȻ
[ԣұӦˣ˵ԭľ֣ң]
ϵͳ˵
[Ǿ֣ԭûн̥ûפΪɵ״̬ؼЪԿ֡ʹûбһԺҲᱻֲͬ˳פ󣬺ЧӦ֮£]
ϵͳ˵Щģˣ粻ʡ
[㣿ôģ]
ϵͳȴѵûиش
[Ǹϵͳ޷ߡ]
[ϵͳΪܣѾ֮⣬ᱻա]
Ȼô¡
ˣϵͳľ鹦Ȼκһκˣǿġϵͳǰ֪и׸磬ڼԺ󣬴￴Ĵڡ
ôģԼ벻Ϊʱ˷ιҩһֱԣȻԣҲΪûؿ޽Уǿܵ񾯹˵ʱûд̼˷ӣûˤ˳񾯴ȣ͵˸ĸԺϱڵʱҲڵʱҲΪʲôԭûֻܳڳǰͳ⣬Ҳûҡ
ӿܶ˼ûѯϵͳʲôˡ
ֻ뵽һ⣬ڸոգѾǸ䣬û취ɱˣôһֱڹעϢĻºܿͻõȶԵȷϢ֪š
ô
Լϰû˵Ҫô
ͷ룬Լ
ˣȹ˺ǰ¡
׻ûסһ䡣
[Ҹ类Ϯʲôʱ]
ϵͳûӡ
[ԭԺ]
ͷҲܷɾ裬ҪһЩ
[Ҫ뿪]
[ˣԭƻŰɡѧУǱȥ٣ô˵Ҷţ͸ıˣ˭֪᲻ỹԺϮҲġ]
[õģҪϵͳ]
㶣Ȼҡҡͷ
[ԪأͷҸ£ɡ]
ϵͳ˶١
[õģ]

鶯һֱûע⵽ߵԪҪٵ£æԱ߿ȥ
Ԫվǣڽյߺ󣬻ӹ
糯ЦЦ
ԪͣƽʱһĨС
[û°ɣ]
ƺ˸ո
ҡҡͷֵͷͬ͡
[û£еķ֡]
ԪͶѯʵ
Цҡҡͷ
[ú֪ˡ]
Ԫûʡ
ڸԪ̶̵ļ仰ǷӵͻȻγһͷ
ǡʲôӦ˼ԼʲôӦˡ
֮һлҪԵְɡ
[ϵͳҿǱת]
[ѾԤ˶]
üġ
Ծ

һҹȥԪһֱǰû뿪Ҳһһҹûзκ¡
ڼ䣬ڰ칫ɺ󣬰ųӸűⲿųԱҹԼãԼȥϴ˯
ڶ峿ϹӶļϹˡ
ְأԭҲһְֱౣģΪбʵǿⲿСӹǾڹķԸ»ȥϢ࣬ҲСӳԱڰ
ȻһֱʾˣʵϻǺϸĵģΪмⲿŵӣҲ׼൱ʢһòͣлԼתһЩл
СӳԱԸµģǹ񣬲Ǿ룬ܵõı꣬ǵȻҲǺܸ˵ģԾϵӡȻҲһЩ
ϣϼ򵥵ظ˼䡣
˵ǰűλܸ֪ûǸ˵Ϣˣ
СӳԱһ߳ԷһҲ򵥵ػشĻ
ʱܶӾ˵ûϢҲûӵϢʾӦǻû鵽
˵ʱǵʾ
иԱͨ˿˵ȷʵû鵽ҪǱӡ
Ҳ׷׷ԣ
е涼鲻϶һ㡣
˼һô˼ѣܲΪ˿Цɣ
Լ˵Ϣģͬˣͷ۹ùＯеһ£ЩԱСǲ̽һǸʲôôȥġ
⼸Ҫעˡ
ûٶʣҲҪʣ⼸ⲿųԱĶԻѾǸ˺ҲҲһ⡣
Ȼ׼һЩⲿŲ鵽ϢԱл
ʱСӳԱǻڸп˷˾ⱨ˵Ǹʲô飿ǱϢû
һȻҡͷ˵ûⷽѡ
ԼΪһֱæҵк飬ҲͨѣƵѵġεյֻôһͼرǹⷽҲûʲô˱ѣҪݣֱӸ˵ͺá
֪ʲôˣҲڻⲿŴˡ
СӳԱǲ²⣺Ǿʶˣ˵ǰܹܰˣҲ˺ܶˣ˵׼Ͱ˭˺ˣ﷢¡ȻԼ棬ȴҲ뻹ܵĶ飿
˼
ⲿųԱ²Щˡ
ھ˵Ժľֻһ룬ܰﵽһЩ˾ͺãܰﵽܵСܸ֡С͸áǴģȻҲûָʲôر
һСӳԱھϰŵķϢԭӶЩ߱ǸھϵԱ
ϲǸˣѾ֪ˣȻᵽߣ⼸ĹʱڱɡҲڸ߿ƼĸȻĹܶ࣬ΪʲôѹʹҪᣬԿƵ顣
һȥ
в͡Ҳ൱ݻ߱ǷǳҲһֱ΢Ľ
ȫûг£΢΢˿ۼɫ͸Ѿ㾫ⲿСӳԱǻ˰ࡣ
ԪֳԪھԱߣȥϵܡ
ϵȻΪ١
ҪڱȵϮҲҪ죬ûϵɵڶһ˶ѧҪʵϿεġԪţҲɸȥ档
ڴӦʾһаϡ
ͬʱҲûѯԪʲô¡Ҳѹòʣλп϶ǽħȥˡ
üصԪԱߣͱʾ
[һһҹˣϢɣҽ㡣]
Ԫظ
[תƣҲϢ]
㶡
ǿⲿЩԱģȻܷḻǸƣƣģΪõľòս˯ҲҪ˯ĿǰʵתͿԲϢ¡
ǶϱȽ˽ⷽ£ЩԱҲȼǸģһʵ˵ȼߣŻڵ͵ȼʱȫƿ塣
Ԫ˵
ԪǸⷽ˵ѵˣ˵ϢǲãҲ˵ǵȼ൱ߵġ
°͡
ԪԭĻҪء

ϣԪҹһš
ҹ·
һ죬û·
һϣһֱ12㣬û·
Ҳû˷ɾ衣
ʱ佥Ƶ賿㡭
翿ڽüͷ
Ԫߣĳ˹ȥ
֪ʲôʱϢشһ֩˿·һ㵭֬ɢ΢΢ĹâͼԾζ
ͬһʱ̣оͨȫ˻ԣΪǱ˯ԼʹҲû˷֡
Ⲣʲô顣
ԪǴھϵķģǶ˿ؽӽϣϾҪϵıǿ
֩˿֪ʲôãԣһϵԾϱȻ
Һã˺ܶ໤ıʹ˯Ҳûժ
֩˿ϵζɢɲǣһȼգɢЩζ˿ڼӴϵɲǣһȼգ˿Ҳȼˣ΢ĻѸӣ֩˿˸һɶ
籾ֱͦ˼ȻѾãûóȻ֡
ʿ͵վٳ߸
Ҳһܾˣڷ̣˲侪ѡ
ûǽذѷƷս۲Χ
ڵʿǴҲ˱Χ
Ͳ˷󣬺ܶമĻƷжӽʱ򣬷ѵ


85 Ϯ뷴
Ұ׵Ӱſڲƺ, һһǰСǻúûͷһɭϢƽ
ǵ͸, ûʲô谭ǣǵǴĺҪǰʱȴٿرסֽţ߸ߵ
ʱ, ɫӳǵ, ¶ǹֵݡҲǰģ
֧飬൱¡
ϻŨĺ, ߶Ƿ

һȺ״, Ԧʹ
ȻںϵЩƷͻȻ, һŵȫЩ, ϵĹ, ǵĹ˴, ˺ܶ©ѱ̲ڵĹй¶
ǷĲҽУ˷, ˾޴ķˡ
лƷкܶڻƷͬʱʾʾ⣬Ķʲôǵﲻϵؿһ, ͷʹ, ͷײû˿ķˡ
ģOO@@졣
ݴԵ, СҲǰǲסߡʱٶ˱ǰ
ܹѵѾվǰ
нǸĻŮߣھѻܺӵһͷһĳԸ͸Ļһ𱬡
˿̣Ȼǰƽ죬緢һɳҵĻ档
Ĳ·ɿһԱĻǽȻǽɿɢȻԽԽȴձһСȴʵıȦͼĳȫײڻǽϣȫڻ֮£Ľζ
ǰ̣ʬ塣
ЩʬȻѾһƬȴɿԷֱǶǶ桪Ы֩඾࣬ÿһֻСǵ׺˸ڹĶȴ䶾Եľҡ
һǴ
ôСĸ壬ֲĿǸͨˣʹô¶ѷЩ޿ײĳӡ
ҺãȦķǺǿģڻϵ߷˺üӵܺ󣬻ڼеĶͱ÷ǳϡ١
ȻԷҲ۶ʧĿԸټݶˡ
ҲĴɫ׵˵档
һ߻˹Ƿ磬ڰѷɢſÿһ˿仯ֻҪʵĶӲĲ̽
ͽһԴԲ̽ɱƣǵĿǰС൱ǿģҲ¾нΪɫġ
һαҲһˣڷַܿƾʱ򣬾תȥϵ
ʱʿڷһһңһڴǰ룬һﻹľھϵǰնϴ˷Ϯ֩˿ǲܽ֩
Щ֩˿ϵؼͣľͨնܿϣǵʿÿնζҪǽһľɢĹԣܶ˿ˡ
ҲѾ˴ڷм䡣
ΧʲôҲûУҲκνӴͬʱҲǿŴ󿪣ûڱֵ
νź̷˵ʿǵķæվ˾ϵߡͻȻӿֳһԼѸ־һ̵ķӣϴͷŵһ㱡Ĥ֮ʲôȴӣŻἤϷıȻ󣬲ſ˺ϱ
ǽǴ΢΢ͷ
ⲿ˻ͦģķȥϮʱӦҲ졣ûиǿɱֹĻǲҪԪˡ
ϳ˿ǵϢֻ֩뾫һģһֵķʽҲûǾĽȾҲ൱Ĺ졣СӳԱľḻʿʵҲӦûʲôΣա
ܿ죬ڴߵĵʿʦѾ˾ϸǿķͳŲǲͣ߶ĽϲϻȻȻһն
ʲôնƵģ컨ĳһУٿȥʱܷԭֻаƴ֩ſڵƵһǣ˿¶֩ȶһֻ
֩뾫³һ֩˿һ˦ҵֱ崰⡣
һεϮɱʧܣҪߣ
ʿ׷ͬһʱ̣һߵǽٿһֱ۳Сߣ֪һֱĸž³һڶҺ
ɲǼ䣬ֱҺʴ˲䱻ơ
ϵ߰˵߰ĹâͷȻȫڶҺĹбһصֵŶҺĽ
ȻʹѾôˣҺ˵֮⡣
ʿķӦҲ൱죬۷ٶȵܶ䡢䣬ͷ˾ϡ
ЩЩȻһˣɻǵֵסҺĹ
ۿŶҺҪ׵ھϵϡ
ٿȻ䣬Һʧˡ
Ԥ׵أϢʧˡ
ڳ˶ûӦģٴθϴϸӣʿҲٴڶķѾʵʵر
֩뾫Ѿҹɫ֮ˣ³Һ֪ƷֵСߣæȾϵʱ򣬾Ѿֲ֪ĸûӰ
ڶСӳԱѷʮ֣صȴ֮ĹȥոնҺΪʲôͻأʧȻ²⣬ҲҺǸպùѾҲҺֻΪ˾֩뾫׳谭֩뾫ߺȻûкҲʲôԭ򣬱˲֣ùɢ
Ȼһֻֿǵιû˺
ΪǵʵⲿŶǲģǵʹڸҲܸӦһЩڷʲôûС
ԣȻҲ̫ȥ롭
ֻܵĲʵ
Сֵ߳ɲǣͱ緢ˡ
С߲ͨߣʱѾ緢ˣǴܿ³ĶҺҡ
ڶҺоΣգĿǰϵķƺֵܵסʿǺͷʦķӦȻܿ죬в
ǣ絯ĻȥǶҺ͸谭ʱҺ˲١
û˿˶æڽ䱸սʱȻҲȥϸֱ浽ʲôԵʡ
ٶҺûͣ֡
Ԫʾ⣬ͰС
[ҿҸ磬ȥһˡ]
Ԫ˵ͷ
[ġ]
ԪǷĵģѸٵѻۼڽŵףһɲǾʹӴӷ˳ȥҹɫٶȱȷ죬ֻʱ䣬Ѿ׷ֻӴܵ֩뾫
֩뾫£֩ȷٶ
õľȻһֶ
СҲﴩѸٵظ֩뾫ϣֻϵཻڣǵٶȱȸղŸһ
Ϸ𵭵Ļҹ⣬Ǿۼ˻ҪֱĨֻɱ֣룬ʱûж֣Ȼظ
ֹһֻ˵۶Ľ⣬˹պҰɽƽƽһҲ֣ڵ۶ڲǾ̲ģԶڽ⣬һΧסӳҲ淽㡣
ֻһֻа۸ߵСɽ˽ȥ
磺
룬ûסȫ뵽ɽ֮䡣
ĶѨһֱ£ֱǰ濪Ժŷ֣һھɽڲĶߡ
ſֻ߰
ֻЫӣһߣи󡡢һ࣬ԭ͡ڿֻ֧壬߰˵
Ūû
βأ˵ⲿŹȥˣ˳ɣ
ⲿʲôмܿסߵĶѡ
Ҫϵʿ˵Сĵ
ʿҲûʲôµġ
ڶߵĽ
ҵأ
ԭǽһݵˣɫƣɼÿйŮš
ЩйŮȻòãԶвҵ
Ҳ׷ʣ
ҸأǸǹȥѪôûţ
ҵӡ
ȻЩûʲôϢҲķ˲˼
֩뾫͹һʻͬɫÿ
ŷ֣֩뾫ȶˣߵϢҲ˺ܶࡣ
ƺָһֿܡ
ʧˣ
֩뾫ŭ˵ģʿ̫ˣǷųȥĳȫǸոɾˣûûһҾûˣ
˻˻ţͬ֩뾫Ļ˵еĶǿ
һʼԤߵĶҲɱﵣֻ֩뾫ó泱ʳĻǡϵа֮öڻһкۼþûκ֡
ô⣬Ȼѹѹ׵ĶҺȫĴʧȥˡ
˲ȻŭҵıҪǿǮķϣҸǡǾȻҶˣҲӦøҰȴ
⻰ͺ̶ܴˡ
߶ܲˬ˵Ҳò
˵಻һģֻǸᦶѣȻҪ
⼸ֻȻǵߵĻ󣬻ָ߿˿ˡ
ɫ࣬ԭ˲˸ȦӣΧߡ
ǵϣɢǿҵĵ⡣
̣
ˣ´Դȥ񡣡
ڣǵĵҲɢ
ʼǷҪȥĺ
Ϊ˰˵׳󣬸صĳŵҪأ˲Ÿ˵СǱ̫֣ⲿҲǱĸǿٴȴɱҲܲ

һĻ۵ס
ոհΪ˹۲춴˺ǵʵԼν˵ô¡
أҲˡ
ԭպ󣬺ܶҲһѣɾˣЩǱɽҰЩ̸ߵľͿʼѰҸֳ·󱣼ɣǸϵøܣܿƾ۵ĴԸһĽЩֱӾǸ׽ģЩʱ಻Զشţ˼δķ
ҲôһЩа߽ݾģʹ̡
˾һ
Щﶼо綾ǴͬһƬģһһȺȺסţպļǻۣȻЩǿı죬ǽһ׼취ȥԴ
˵Ǳ⣬嶼ѪʳҲɵ֪ռݵĵΪױץסҪ㵽ôҲʵİ취
ٺϲ֮ǻɱٰܺߵĹĥΪõаʿһӴʿһ;ð˵ȥɱ˵⡣һ׬Ǯȥȡ㵽ԴֱųѪʳʺãôаʿͿˡ
ô⣬׵µӣ԰˵Ƕһʮֻ⣬֩뾫߹ȥΪԷ⣬ǻĶаʿƵΪһʧرаʿҪϵĹ꣬Ϊϣ˻ʱ־ᶨһɹͿܳΪʱʵͻΪˡ
û뵽ⲿŶԾôӣҲ׻ЩСⲿŵʵ
ȫµ齨ĲţʹŸղôѡıͲͨѡγСǸͳģḻҲǰһҪһڶҺֻﶼ
ʱ˵ȼ³еĶҺ˵ѾˡûҲˣʱǱ߸Ƶʱ򣬱Ы͵͵ȥҿӸһ룬ˡ

ۣǲŭ
ɨһ۶ǣѸжϳǵʵ
ֻﵽһףֻǿӽһףǸ˵ʵҲһףǱѪ㣬ϡ
ô
Ѿûټˡ
ȻνİʵǸ齨Ĳ̨ӣԶԶûγʲô޴ĵ磬ҲͲҪˡ
һѶ˰ɡ
ǣɵӵ֩뾫ǰ̺Żͷһġ
Ŀǰǰ˰Ȼ䣬ͷûˡ
һϵͷ­ͻȻʲôĨˡϵﲻͬǣͷ­ĨԺǻͻͻðɺѪͺȻ˵ϣˡ
籾еΡ
Ƶûǲϸ
ȻתߵͷҲһġ
˫ֻͫоһɿµϴݶûüκηӦκ˼ʱ򣬾ʲô֪ˡ
ʶȫʧ
̶ֻһʱڣ֩뾫ͷ­ʧֱû˰ӣһͬɺѪ
Ǿֵ֧壬Ӵʺս͡
ʲô˲ͷ¶βģ
Сˣеˣ
죡
ھŵͬʱûзֵ˵ټʼ˷ϮͷųԼеĺ߶鲼඾棬ȥϱĸ࣬鼸Ҫ˵ܼ־֢
Ǹ˾½ӣѸΧסԼʹ±ĹҪ˱¶Ρ
Ȼûá
ǵĿ־УһͷͷûˣֻһЫβذڶ˼º󲻶ˣһƬĶ治֪ʲôƵģͻأؾʧˣӴܣųԼϧЩһųʧԼ͵ϵſѱųҺЩҺҲٿʧôһû£Ҳûˡ


86 һѶ
ٺȻ, ûжǺԵģ˿ΪԾˮ, Լ
ȻˮΧһ̣͵һͷ·иƤ˹ֻһ˲, Ѫʱ, Ͱͷβ˸ɸɾ
ôӵʱڳＸȫĨ, ǲʹʲôֶ, ȫ޷ֵ
ûʽ, Ӱ, Ϣ, Ĺ켣, ŷĵǸʲô޷֪֪޾УͬѾͻأʧ
ĸо, ֲ̫ˣ
ԼҲֻбɲᵽΰһ˲ͻʶ
ⲻ֡
ֱָԴڶû൱򵥴ֱֻԶı, Ѿɸ㶨ˡ
Ȼ׻ǿ, Ĩǵʱ򣬻Ǿùɡ
ϵͳʱ˳ա
[ԭУ, ѾⲿŵĴ׷ȫ]
ھϺУҲûгֹ
Ա𿴡ˡŻͦģʵֻҪⲿĶǣôҲǼʯͷ׾ͻѡ
ʣģֻǸаʿ
ǽթö࣬ڷĹôʱ˺һ
һɹȻΧߵˢˢҽУͳͳը߶аϢ
صаŷԱǻɢΪۣаʿļӳ֣ö߱عǽ͹۵ȹֵ֣ҡ
аʿԤУǸ˾ڶߵʲôطᱻЩ棬ֻҪӶԷݵʱ䣬ܽӳȥ
ֻҪӳȥش󣬲ĵطͶˡ
Ȼаʿû뵽ٶļɣĵɿԼ򵥴ֱ
ڻ·˾޴ĸı䣬˵Իס˫ۣҲܻĸй١
һƳȫֻǣΪʲôҪ̵ȥƳ
ڲżʱ
ԥתҲ֮ı䡣
ӵ߷˲ʱҲɢȥػһӣߵĹȫ
ʱаʿŸոùԼɰ˰ģŸһȲȽ˶ߵʯҪʵת飬һشԽɽʯߡ
ûǱ߹ȥ
ΪѾĻǾסаʿһ̺ƵİޱȾֵУɾɾûˡ
ߺܿտû¶ΣֻǺʱһתߡ
ĥ˶һкۼ·ͨɽƵģʲôڵĺۼҲûʲôа
ɢ߱κһطҪɾ
ֻһ仰ڶصһ˲
´αҸ綯ˡ
ȻѾ´ˡ

˵һʼֻΪ˻Ƿݶ顢ûų׸ɱ֯ϵĻô֪ϸĹϵһоͶͬˡ
ȻûҪô磬ôദڣ粻Ҳûʲô
ĨȻȫĨ

رܹҲûã粻һЩħֵĶԻȷûд㣬ȥʱ̡Ҫӡ
һ·ߣŭ侲ͻȻӦ
ʵողҪ˷ʱϻģϵͳԿǵߣֱϵͳ֪ǵĵϸˡøȥֱϵͳλ;С
һת־Ҳûʲôá
ϵͳȻȫ֪ȫܣȥʱһƬİϵͳȡϢǿ߰ЧʵģûʲôףԼ磬Ŀǰµ׸磬ԼΪȥȥжϣܰѷйŭƽ˳
룬ϵͳһֱûҲⷽĿǰɡ
ջ˼
ʱѾ˱棬һȿԪ
Ԫվϵطع˵ͷ
[û·]
ЦЦ
[л]
СӵĳԱɱ־裬ǲ֪ѾɾְڱȻѾ㶨ˣͲˣûԥֱӻϵͳæ
[ϵͳⲿǱ˵һѾ°ɣô˵㿴Ű졣]
[õģ]

ⲿܲ칫ҡ
ܲڴļһ·ϵ룬һиķڲжøַʽؽ硣
ͻȻ䣬иı΢䣬ٵرűʵ߳칫ǰ
ܲû̧ͷֱʵʲô£
̻ش𣺡ﱨǸ˷ʼˣȻҲ
˵䣬ٵذѱʵŵܲǰǷʼŴʾĻϡ
ܲͣ¹̧һ
ǷʼԼֻ࣬һ¡
Ϊ˵Ϯⲿɱߣ˳ҵ˶ԷĳѨȫ˳ѲƬȫ˳һСƵ¼ЩаʿʬԼ˶˰ѻȥʬȫչ龰
ԺܲüͷһۼҲ
¶һЦǵġ
ܲ̾˿ˣʿ࣬ѳ˶СڶԷȻԸϵºƫǵ͡Ҫ̽ˣԷͨʱע̬ȣ£Է򡣡
ıǣܲ
ܲͷȥɣǸСӻϢһԺ󣬻иҪȥڻȱ֣ˣнԸһЩ
ٴδӦȻȰοһ䣺ܲappȫߺԽԽ࣬ѾܴػǵѹҪ̫ˣע塣
ܲüģû£һ죬ı仯ȻԣԺ󻹲ȷǷи仯Ǳ뱣־裬һҲܷɣðյҲһȶ״̬appһҪܹãֹȶͽ͹ƽһŻиľԸ뵽֮УŽһпŽ
鵱ȻٴδӦ
ȻűʵȥѸٸǸ˻ظʼʾ˸лԺҲԸԸϿԷټappĴͥָǻھϱеСӶӳ磬ǰѾǵǰɡ

ʱ
СӳԱھУΪ˱⹥ʱԼӦҲû˯ͬһ𱣳ֽ䱸
ͻȻ䣬СӶӳóֻӵͨѶһ䣬˵Ҳ̷
ԱǵȻ̷˶ӳı仯æʵôˣ
СӶӳ˵ΣѾˡ
Աʱһ㶡ˣôͻȻͽˣ
СӶӳ˵Ǹ˸ٹȥˣѾߵϳˣѾûʲôˡܲ׼һչȥ
Ա
ǻΪһʱӭҵĹû뵽ôûˣǸ˵ǺηʥѵⱨΪȷٹȥһѶʵǲ̫˵㣿
ԱҲȥЩ𾪡
һϮȻԼûɱֽսȴҲܿԷĹͬмⲿŵ˵İҲͬû뵽ǸбˣֻǱѡ
ͻȻڣ֮ǰ³ҺʱǸͻȻʧ
һʿҲӳ˵ʦ壬Ǹ²ǶԵģһֱڸǧһˡ
ӳ룬ͬǸ˵ʵԶԶǣǶġ˵ְڰ֣Ȼ޷󼰵ҲҪѰˡܲǱǲöʣȻˣǾ͸Ͻȥɡ
εȶԱҲô£׷Ӧ˵
ˣӳ
ô£˼Ҳ֪ͱϹˡ
֪ˣظɡ
һԵľѸٻó׼õļŲпֱ𽻸ڳĶԱǣϿ˵ζǣһ⣬¡
ӳͬ²٣ÿζҲõһЩʾˬҲһпģл񶼲١
ҲƬݸϣЦſڣԺҪʲôΣգֱӸ硣
Ͻӹʾ˸л
ӳǣ˳˵һ䣺ҿǸͦ㰲ȫģҪԺϵˣԵĻҲæ˵ǲųֿ롣
ڳʵղȷǸǲǻšô˵ԷڣǾǵ룬ԷѾˣ뾣ϰæҲǸˡ
ϵͷһġ
֪Է˭ȻᾡˡȰ˵¡ǺϿ齨ⲿŵģ˽һЩ˵סģɶԼѡˡ
ȻСӳԱǾ͸ʱһ뿪
ûⰲ˽ͣΪЩʱԼʻ⳵ߵǰĿЩԶȥ󣬲Żص鷿
ѾˣҲûȤٶ˯һ
Ǽ칫ɡ

ԪһֱԱߣۼæˣ翴ƣЩζ
֪粻ףۿˣ͸ࡣ
ôˣҪҪչʹʧ
ܱģڣԲһӹһˡ
뵽û˵ʲôֻԪʾ⡣
ԪĬҲܿ쳯űȥ
뿪һ·󣬵˴ϡ
˴Ƨĵط¶߳ſʼԽ̸
˵Һûˡ
Ԫͷ
뵽ոЩСӳԱ˵Ļ貹⻹˳֣Ǿܺö࣬ԸҲࡣ
Ԫ˶٣ֵͷ
˾סСȥ
һߣһ߸пæ컹ͦ۵ģȥԺϴ˯һȥϿΰɡ
Ԫšһ˵·˳ˡ
Цܸ䷹Ļ᲻
Ԫ˵ý㡣
峿ʿöˣüչ˵ϡ

ϴĴϺúõ˴죬ʱʹ˸۾
ʱ䣬ӳһ
վڴߵԪһᣬطš
磺
ĵһӦǣԣԪжԷԿףԪܽҲ֡
ڶӦΡ
ΪԪŵģϵͳĵᡣ
ÿһŶԼաǸᣡ
ԪɤǸһʱ档
˰û
󷽷ڴͷ϶ʲô˽Ҳ͸Ԫ˵⵱Լһ㣬ȻΪԪƬ;ַԼĿռʲôġϸ˵ûʲôҪ̫͸Ԫˡ
ԪһǸ⣬е㲻˼
һûʲôⱾҲǸ
Ԫûʲôϣٿ¶һĨЦݣ˲ʱƽʱ˵ġ顱Уž͡ÿˡ
лл
˵䣬Ԫָᷭᡣ
ֻ˵һҳȴٵذƬһ顣
粻֪ôģеָ֣˰ͷ
ǡȿţȥϴ
ԪӦһѾˣϴ꣬ȥǱ߳ԡ
Ѿϴּ䣬ϣ

ԪķɳϣŲ輸ϰˣ൱ʢ
ûԣΪԪõһǰϸϸزú׼еô̬֮ȣøˣеֵֹġӲԪģҲûʲôһԷ֪ڰɣеûֵĸо
ãԪܿ˹
԰ɣһˡ
һӲˣŶáҲϽʢ
Ԫܿӳ˷Ķ档
˻һۺһ
ųţսָƽһǢˡ
һǱߴϷ
Ϸǻ͵ģʱһһҲͦõġ
Ŵţ˵ø˵һĿճȥϣٸѧУˡ
ԪҲڻش𣺡֮ǰ˵ˣֱȥ
С
š
Ϸܹɣ˵Ժ󣬻ص
ԪǱ߿ѧϰһ˯ȥһˣûʲôףȻĳ䣬վɽлĻܡС

ڶ죬һȥϿΡ
Ŀŵͦģʱ䣬ţпΣͬ⼸ûСҶҲûʲôҪȥ˼
С￴ӡ
Ԫűʵƺʲôû䣬ǴԱߵɳϡ
СæŸֱİܡָɵطֻϢƺڲͣظʲôĶ˰ķСȻѾȥˣ¶ܻûܸү
ҸԶæţͻȻ䣬ֻ
е죬ʵûֻ֪ţҲ֪˭ģùֻ˿ʾǸİ롣
ͨŶĻе졣
Ա
𣿰ãᡣ
͹Ѷҳȥɡ
ãԵġ
仰˵꣬ҶͨԪѯʵ
ӣǸԱ
ԪƺЩ⡣
죬е翣Ա˵˸һˣ˵ҵˣҹȥһ
˰⻹˵𣬳˾ϻ˭
ֻû뵽Ӧô죬ŸոϽӴû죬Ǳ߾ȻѾϵˡҲ֤϶ǺܹĵģΪôģǱ߲һֱעţŻô췢֣Żô߾ϡ
µȾϵõϢɵҹʱЩˣš
ϡ濴Ժ󣬵׻ǸʲôӦأӦáӦò̫ܵɣ


87 ֵ
Աᡣ
װĵɳ, ǰڷһðĲ裬ûкȣֻĿȵطһ, ûйڼı顣
ϸͻ֣ᷢüۼϸ΢Ķݺͽ꣬ǿаԼ
һͬŵ΢ڸͨȻûʲôӦ, ʵȴܷ, ﷭ĶѾͣˡ
΢˺ֻ˵˼仰תͷѯ꣺Ǻӵ˼, Ѷ, , ûԼʲôط, ˵ߵİš
꼸ɲ˿, ˵пȹ, ԰䡣
΢Ҳǵмҳģ̽ʣ԰ȣ
ͷ鷳ˡ
΢ЦЦ绰Ǳ߽˼, ŹҶͨ˵Ѿ˵ˣȥ԰ֱǱ߼档
վ˶ٺ, ˵л, ˵ǸϿȥɡ
΢˵ȻûΪмˣ϶ҲҪȥġ߳, һaУ԰ȥ
ûã߽԰ȣ䡣
΢˰Ѱŷȥ󣬾͸һ䣬ŵȺ
Źʮңƿ˷š
꼸Ǽеسſڿȥͼһͦε߽תϷš
úǸܿĴкǡôһͺиУرڴЩЦݣоû˭Ӹϲ
վ
ȶ΢˴˸кʦáȻų꿴ȥЦЦá
ƺһ˲޴룬죬ͷã
ԿһۣЩŵζ
Ȼġ
˶٣һƹȥһڣǵĻ
ͷӹϴ򿪣õġ
һʱ䣬ֻʣֽŷ
Ա˵ķӦ֪Ҫһ˽ܵĿռнվ˵һġֶ˶ͬѧţǺ¡ʲô⣬ʱʦ绰硣
˳мЦЦллʦ
Աû˵ʲôٸʾ˳ȥ˵ദʱ䡣
ȰŴϺԱתͿԶиϤӰҲǸĴкȻʶҲǰһǵǸͬѧӰ롢ϵرõĽСԪѡλԪͬѧͬѧһģֻǲôţš
ԱԪʹá
ԱЦЦ̵˼󣬾뿪ˡ
Ԫûߣ˸ܿ䡱ŵĿ˱ȡ

Ѿϡ
ȷϾ׸磬ʲôĶ˵߸һ۾ɨ꣬ɨԺû̧ͷΪֱܽš
ʵ˵ȻڵõϵͳָԼԺĵ·ܳٳңԼԼǸͨķˡȻڸԺûʲôŰɣɱϾĵȴǺƽ˳ģûԹͷȾҸ̫ˡοϻһֱ鶼ð
Ҳ֪᲻Ǿĵܵܣ
棬ϸš
˺ܶĵܵܣûܱʱɳô㣬İܣ͸һģһͬʱܵڸԺһζûڽڵ֮ܵܵ࣬Ρ
룬û뿪ܵܣܵܲôױߣоҵԴڣܵһڸ㡣룬֪ܻܵ᲻ֳ᲻Ϊʧ󣬲Ըֳ
ϣ綢Ϻһ֪ϵʼϣϲȥˡһᣬֻ̧ͷֳЦЦ
ͬһʱ̡
˵ҿˡ
˵ܾá
˵Ļһڣͬʱͣ¡
Һܵܡ
硣
һ˵ͬʱͣ¡
졣
Ҳ졣
ֵһ̣̬Ȼ˵ơ
ȻǿŶԷͻȻ¶һЦ
ϳſֱۡ
߹ȥҲſֱۣظϱ˱
硣һ
ֱҲ΢΢š
˵ӵû̫ãֵɿ֣ˣϸشԷ
濴žϵ飬ڰ͵͵ǽȻͬġڣǸܵϮҲ侲ľܣʱۿȻ΢΢졣
Ҳϸϸش硣
ϸʱ򣬸õܵܳúãκһѧá
ƽ
ϸϣûоܾ
˼״
ܸܵϸ˵ʱõģƺܵԼӡ󲻺ã˵ӡǰûиܵ
Ĺһ󣬾ѵЩֹ
룬Ϊʲôı֡ݵĻʲôȻֻоǸˡıģҵ˸ճþͱߵ׵ܵܣôһԸĸʱҲ֪ôԷ
˵ûǿԶݱܵܵˣʱһҲˣҪֻõܵܡֱ˵ɣΪֳģҪôߵܵࣿ
粻ΪѣȻ粻֪ô˵Լ˵ˡ
Ĭһ˵磬Һ֪ˡǸԺʱҾ룬ҪҳѧҵȥôҲҪ취źáֻû뵽ôԵɺϵġ˶٣Ҳܶ£ʲôԶУҴģܶҲ֪ˡ
ϱſ˵ţҲĬ
¶Ȼı飺ôȥѾϰһ˹ˣҲûʲô̫ڴҸ磬һͦ˵ġҿóһֱң⣬Ҳûˣֻ׸͹ˡġûԵ־ûԵְɡ˵磬ʲô¶ңܳŵס
ϿЦ
ҲԣܵѾǸˣôšΪá壬ȥ˼ʲôĻԡ
ҲܳªӦĵܵܡ

ֵĵͦãҲֵܵԵʣôûˣҲûʲôͳһĵطǾϣܾҲܸˣ˵˼Ƕ£ɶܵ˵ȻֱӵƵģûʲôĵط
ϸ̵ظоҹȻֻİܸһˣֻ̳Ͽȡĵطǿѧϰ츳ǼʹҲ̳һЩĵطȴֻڡֵõϣûм̳ǹֵƫִ˽Ͷ񶾡
̫ˡ
ĹԺ󣬾ϸһȦԿһļ
ҲˣϳױԿԼ֤йɷת֤׸磬Ÿռ治ã͸ôһݴ
˵ֻбͺҲУǺ˵㣬ɶҰڵľ˵ֻһݼѣɷתþͲͬˣǿԴԴǮĶڶԷ˾ɶߵȨ
̫˵㡣
㶺󣬿ûٱ鵫ڴˬǩ֡
лˣ硣
ϱԼҪȰ˵Σô̹Ȼܸˡ
С磬һȥסɡ
ҡͷܾˡ
еʧ
Ц˵磬ҵ̫ˣ˴һˡ
ϻȻǽȻȥ𣿡
绹ҡҡͷһģѾҺܾˡ
ϸʧ֪ⲻǿǸʱ͸һ˿Ĺâ͸ǸԸһֱҪӡ
Ц˵һɣͣҲϣܸʶһǻᣬĩʱҴȥԼķȥĩʱ࣬ҲԸؼȥơ
İǺģڽϣʵѾͦˡ
˵ͷͰ˵İ졣Ȼ˶٣Ǹ͡
֪ڵܴҲһڴӦ
ֵ뿪䡣
ʱ̧ںȿȵԪ
Ԫڿϣ˵ĸоһ񱻸֮⣬ԼҲ֮ģʹԾܶ˵ĴҲûʲôӦ
ֱſˣͶ
ʱԪͺͻȻٵ䣬һ˿ǣ
վ˿磬˵ͷҲԵľϵ˵ͷ
ͬصˣòһڳ˵Ŀκһ˶һȻǸѧģȴûֳഺСԼԼģֱؾЩΣգȻܿвʧˣûдڹһǾ˺ر𣬿ر֮࣬Ҳʲô
ֵѾߵǰ
ԪҲӭ˹
糯ЦЦʽظܣҸϵ׸磬Ҳʶģϡָ˵õѣͬѣǺҲڸڵģԪ
Ԫ;ϿԷָԷա
ȿ˵лƽʱչҵˣԪͬѧ
Ԫ˵Ӧõģܡ
΢΢¶һĨЦݣһС硯С
ԪҲֱҵְɣô
Կ˼䡣
Ա߿úЦ֮ηεľ棬ֱ˵Ҹͣһɣ˳ҲҸġͷٸһᣬҲǼһ˵˵ʱðҡ
ԪûжʹžϵҲһ
á
ϼܸԪѶԪ̬ȸһЩ
Ҵ绰鶩ֱͣӿȥС硢Ԫǿأ
ЦЦҶԡ
Ԫ˵һ
ҲǸɴˣûиĻֱӴȥ⣬ȥѳ
ͬʱԱǱͨ˵绰˵Ѿ׸ˣлԱİæϻлܻһЩ
ԪѷϢ֪Ҫٵȥ
Ժ󣬳ͣǵߡ
˳
Ԫ綼ں
һ߿һЩڴѧԪ͸̵ؽǼѣСܺţ񶼺ͨϲʶҵĶ٣ųģͬһȦˡϸԽӵĴҴ٣競٣ͬʶġ
û뵽ܾȻܵͬһᣬӻദò
ЦŽͣһʼٰʱͦжģദ˾֪ǸСƢԸ񻹲Ǵöͦá
ڴڻ˽ǰܶ˸ʲô١ܵ˶ľţʱͲø׸˵ôˡԼһЩ£ϻ¶¶Ϊá
Ц˵ҲһĨЦݡ
ȻûܿԼеźɸźȣܵûĳԿ࣬Ҳûʲôʹĵط
ϵĳǡ·Ҳ̫£ûãһ˾һ
¿õģǿڱܺãĲƷûʲô𣬾˵вСĺôܵ濴̫ܾãڸԺӾ㲻Ժ϶Ҳ̫Ӫõطٲһ
粻֪ĵ뷨ڶͷ棬һյ۶õˣȻǸ۹⡣
ѳȥͣϴ˴Ӳߵĵֱ϶¥

ûа䣬úܶྫĹ˼һĿռ䣬Ա߶ֲ͸ɫ絲ţҲᱻ˿˽ҲǸ뿪ŵİɡ
Աһ˵˾϶µĲԣ
缸˴
󣬷Ա˿ȡһЩĹȻȥѿռǡ
ͷĵƵ棬ԪǰԵĶ
ûиϿ
Ԫȵ㡣
ڶ治źۼع۲죬ܿ췢֮Ԫİܣʲô¶ɰԪû顣ܿദģʽһֱģΪԪֵӡദĸое֣ϸҲû̫֣ҲֻԸʹȻô˵ܸԪദʱɰĶԣҲּġ
ͺܿ죬Ԫ΢ֻܵǼɫģлش伴ɡԼûʲôɿڵģϵĲٲɫȡͦʫ֣һʱҲûжϳʲôģôɴͲжˣ۸ߵĲȥ
Ҳ㼸㰮Եİɡ
˵䣬ѵƸϡ
Ͽ˿ɫֺһ˿Σ֮ǰðܵʱûڲŪһЩͷеΪˡҺûᡣ
統Ȼᣬʲôˣѵֻ֪ǽ׵ľЩû취ƽʱһѡ
˵ĵ㣬׸Լı֡
ϺܿҲ˼֮ǰԹòģٽԱȥ͡
ţԸ˲衣
ЦҲ
òôţ̫Ǹ˳ᢵľˡ

ûãԱһвɫ˹ذڼ˵ĲϣڵģҲƯ
ԺЩԱѵصȻ뿪ûһ
翴ϵĲˣüҲ֪ΪʲôĲƷ۸ͦ󻹼ûˡ
Զ׼ĳʦˮƽ⣬иܴԭǡеĲ˵ʳģմһЩ϶ôˮե֭ɡ
ջûãҲ֪ǸʲôˣôѸپͿôٶȣʳġ
ϴ򿪿ӣȿ˵Ѿˣ˰ɣԡ
ҲѿӴ򿪣ҾͲˡ
ԪһķӦ
ʹҲûнʲôǣһ߳Էһ߻˽⡣
֮ǰǾ࣬ھʾϸˡ
Ҳܶ˵һЩֻ˵ʱд󲿷ֵļֻ˵һЩҵʱȤ¡
š
ȻѾϵͳ֪˴ţܶ飬˵
лҪ˵磺ҽš
ϣҸš
磺Ҹʧ
ϣҵԸҲ
磦ϣͦõİɡ


88 
ֵټһ󲿷ʱ䱣ֳĬ״̬Ԫ, һ߳ԷһĵͦãǶûȥԱߣҲûԶԶϳ˾, Ȼ뿪һ㣬ûаԭƻò͡

Ǹͷ÷ġװĵˣŶʮģ뿪, ֱӿһլ
լǰиӾ, Χ𣬶ˮɫ͸, ߰˸ŮźᱡӾ, еˮرϷ, еһӾһչʾԼġ
ӾرڳĴʯʯ, , Ů, миƤɳڵУŮǵĻӵұرιʺͺ, ൱⡣
װͣ󣬿ôҵһĻһ˿ĽͶŮĴѣܿѹЩһСܵӾر, Ӿ˵ְ, ȥл԰Զˣһɡ
˶ӵģʲô, û˵ס
͵ֱҲŮʹƵһߣɫѿ˵ܣõİ취ô궼ûҵôͻȻҵˣ˵⣬ѹȵȣǱʧܣѵΪǸŲ֣ˣ˵ôжСӴŵǡģֵµ˲١
װС˵һüۺҲܶϡ̬е㲻ԣƽʱһ
Сüһ䣺ģʲô¶
С¼ңػ⣬ҲһҪأҪȻҲϺĶźմȨţϴû˼ɹɫڵľֻٻϡеʱӢӰӺûͺͷ⣬˿žͨˡ
һԹӸû緢رǼƻʧܺ޲ֱֵ̬ܳһ
϶ŵˣǾһ˽ӣٸЩģ֪ô£ǲ˾Ϻʮǧ
˽ӵ軹ôžһ鸾еλģʹʹҲû˦ټĶǾжļ֮һָѧһȣҲֶ֪ǸϳȥĴ羣ϼʲܴѣΪֱģסϵ˶ġ
Ǹеߣ˽õص㲢ɾɳĶĸպ߾ˣûбѣøнסˡ׼һ˽Ů޸Ӵ˾һˣȻΪ
ôˬƻҲѾʧˣ浹ȥݺݵغƽ󣬻ЩŮȫԶ㡣
֮˵С͸ˣȻûͱְֵ顣ܿг˵ڶƻȥǸ֮ǰʮôģ㡣Ǹȱģ취£С߰һӡҪʶ̧ٷҪվھϵԱߣ˰ץô꣬òҵˣҿжںܵˡ
˵˵ţϵıԽݡ
ϿۣɵȾϵҵչԺ͸۲һʱ䣬ȻҲͷ֣ϴǼ̳˸ϵɵ𣬻ΪŰȱҪȻҲһʮûĵܵôء
ȻأǸӾͳ˾ϵ㡣
ҲкڵģҪ֪ϻһʼͻסӣûסҲǰҵСŪֻϧֱո¶ͷǺŷ־һֱҴţʵںǵܵܣѻǱ߶úܽѾֽŻǰҵǵܵܿˡ˸ĶŪ䣬ֻҪţϾû취ҵˡʱһɵϣҲûܵܵ¶ˡ
һգϵ˶ˣǸЧҲûôǿˡҵˣȴ֪СôõȻôϵⲿŵˣ˰俴˳ˣ
ѵ컹վǸТĶǱߣôܣ
źܶ뷨ǰ˽˵֮¶˳ϻ̳Ͽֵı顣
ְ֣֪ˣ̾ȥ顣װй˵鵽ܵܵԺһ̹ġ
šһڰ˵ȥɣҰ⣬㼸ֵܹҼǵ㼸ÿ԰ɣҲҽй
װɹõģְ֡
Ȼ꣬ſٵ뿪
Ժ󣬾Ůǽл
§˼ŮݣüСʱûˡ

󣬾ԿԪͻa󣬲ŸǸ
վڳǰӢ˻Ц磬ȥɣû¡룬ߵЦҼǵøڴҵѵʱиѰæɣһǸõˡ㿴ҶԪܸˣǲҲðõѽܸң
һΪⲿǰ֣û£һ˶ûУλԻչһʱС̫Ҳˣ뻹ǻ绰һ¡ȻҵĻ˻һܰڹڷչ
С̫ͦģȫȫΪԺҲˣҲ̫ϧϵͳˣҲѳ磬ο˺Ͱ˵ôͬأô꣬ܵܵģҲðæϴϡ
ڣõĻᡣ
⣬Ϊûģһ죬ܶǶˡ
˰ܵ飬΢΢һ㶣Цúܲõ
翴緢һ˿磿
ϻع񣬵ͷҸ˵һܸʶġ
ЦҲһܸʶ
ϹǣܵܵƢãֵƢҲãȷʵҪõġ
֮󣬾Ϸӡ
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һůػҲٻ
֣Ҳֻеܵˡ
ϵͷãҲǡ
ĿųԶȥջߣԪǱߡ
һ·ߣҲ˵˼仰
ԪҸͦõǰɣ
š
ҾǸͨѧͦҽģʲô׸˾𣿡
㣬Ӧֵý
׸׸˾Ҳк˾ɡ
ûУ˵ʵ
ۣúúã˵ʵ

صţҲ¿λˣ˶ɳϵţԪع飬̲ס˹Ǻ档
СģǿģڣǶûզ¶ҹˣˣȷû
һķ꣬ܺţҲڵشûˣ˹˵ţˣԵĽҲҿˣȷ
С۾ġ
ʣɸտ־ǲʶˣ翴ܺãӦҲ˵
ȷ⣬ڲ˵ĩ˵ûǱҪ
ɤӣԪʾ⡣
[˵˵ģӦЩһǵʵġ]
Ԫͷڣ˵׸磬оϣʮˣǸǮˣƢֵദҲܺãûˡ
Сܡţܣ
ԣô䣬ûˣ
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ʲôǰѰСʱô͵İЩҲǼҳˣûҪϸϸ˵һ顣
ȻСҲЦˣǻȵԪô仰һ˵ȴ
˶
糯˿ЦԪ˵һҸȷʵͦõġ˺ܶ࣬ҸԷҪ˵Ķֿ¶˳ףԺҲᾭ棬˵ˣҲʶʶǣĩǶȥҺԪǶʱҸԷ˳ʶ˵⣬գգۣˡԼûаɡҸİϻͦģţûע⣬ٿ϶֪
⻰һСܺţ񶼿ܡ
Сͷͦ졭
ӣеŹ֣ϰܡƽʱϷ̵ļͶʿġλҲǸҵĵ䷶ˣȦﶼ֪ǵ¶Ҳͱϳ˺öˣҵܵܵ¶˵⣬΢ˣҾû뵽һֱҵ׵ܵܣϴ󡣡
Ҳû뵽°ЦЦұǰҸ統š˵ǿܲţҴǼҸԺʱ򣬵Ҹһʵľ
һλһ󾪺
ţ̾ԵԵ֣Ե֡
СҲ˵첻ˣֵעġ
û˵ʲôȴתһȦ
룬ȥԺø˵Ѱŵĺüˡ
ھϡˣ̸ġ
ܵǷǳǿģҲܿɹۣΪҪҵķչΪҵԵ̷ȲЩչϰĴ壬رѧһЩ·ǷȱԺеȻΪĲ϶ܵõⲿһ̶ϵչˣⷽѸԼֵĻԺǺһЩϳԿģ˵ܵһЩ˷ѴĲ
ھͲͬˣ˭뵽ô׵ܻܵϴأϲԺ֣ԽӴԽܷⷽôɲ˼֣ϴǺظˣⲻ֪ôˣرԶ׼ԺֵĸرáˣϴܼϰԵʱѹûʲôźҲ˵ϴںôںʮ׸磡
ôһպųֵĶ̰壬ôһӸˡ˵еλﲻûǿǿˣֳиɻ
Լã˵̰Ժ󻹻һ
Ϊźۼأ͵͵һ磬ٳһԪ˵ûտѧùϵܴôõǣΪͬһɣΪ̫һˣҲݲãϴܹϵˣԪϴ밮ݼڡ˼ɣҲ᲻ذﾣܣԪϴϴһƵģϴһṵ̂ˣϸԪϴԺ˵ܷչʲôˡ
翴ԼĴü
Ҳ֪ģܸǴúõͬʱҲۣٵָӦҲ⣬ܻȥԺҸĺӦûһЩ
ûʲôõģļҲȻѾ˾ңɾǸһƵģһֵȥ
Ȼã綼ںʲôѪԵϵɱ£Ҳġ֮϶ҲԾҺȻִѹܵڣҲôˡ
ôߵĺԽ࣬ʵԽǿҲԽףͷҲɾûǷȵķΧڴ¡
һߺЦ֣һۡ
ߣҲ˽⾣˵ԸҪ˵Ҳô꣬Ҳ㹻ˣʱôһڣҲ̸϶ı
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ǸոգûеظģԺֱӽֻأµ̫ˣþþűӻҵ׳ԶԶӪӪֺûľңƫƫһëĶ̲ҪһʱʻȥеծԽԽôҲ죬ÿʱÿ̶ڻں֮У룬ܹӦȥ

ϻȥԼסһ׵ܵϵ龰Ƕûйİݡ
ЩȥһδҲΪԶټܵˣֻǿô룬żǸССӤЩο塣
ھͲͬˣ˳ߣһã֮׽Ǣþͺûзֿôһ˼飬컹ıǰĿѶֵãѰҲֵá
ͣţɳϣֻһ롣
ҲǵܵѣҲǱʶôģͻȻ绰Ȼһģ˵ϲá
һ
ϵȴǰһЩֻõȴʱͻȻú
ܣǱߴԻ
ֱͨͨһ̣ϵֺȻƽ
Ҫĺѡ
Ͽڣ֣ҡ
ֻǱ߷ЩǵҪ绰˵Ǳ߳˵ӣ˶㶯ˣû°ɣ
ϲµ׵ı˭Ҳ˱²ûзϣΪҪռ顣
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ֻǱߵЩͬôСأ
ϲԷĹģԾ¶һĨЦȴ˶ԷĻ˵û£ֻһϲҪ㡣
ֻǱߵһ㶣ʲôϲ£
ϵ죺ҵܵˡ
Ǳߵﶼ죺ʲôģҵܵˣƺҲŸɤҲԾĻ죬ϲˣóԸ
Ȼ󣬾ϿʼԷԼ飬ǰ࣬һΣ˵ö
ģҵܵˡ
ܺãĺܺá
Ҹ˵ˣҺܶæ˵㡣
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ãaѧĩӦöпյģʱ
˸ңȥ㡣
Ǻã㲻Ҫæ̫ãϢ
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ȹ˵绰󣬾ϻЦ⣬΢΢ۡ
Զڹһ˵ҲҶֻֻͨȴԾط


89 Ķ
һŷ·̫ǹ, ʹʱľľģüۼҲ·Ծ⣬һ, ͱ
ĴȻ³ȴ죬Ⱦ˼ɫ󵭵Ľ𷢣൱ƥ䣬Ҳûйװ, ȴ·˵۹⣬ֻվ, ۹ƴ, ҫ貵ǹ⡣
˵Ǹòʶкøеû̫Եˣټһ, Ǿ󲿷˶Ϊÿ׽
ۻ·ԵĶԱ֡
ԱߵɳϣиŮڸг̱ûӦ, εؿȥ, Ĵ, ˵ÿθͨ绰Ҫô᲻, ͻȥαһҪ㵽أЩ۶˵A쪣̨һ, ôƫƫڸϾӱҿܶӡͦõ, ǸСҲԼ, ܵû, ôͲȡһˣ簡Ҫ¸˵ġ
ŮֹùõŮѧѧֺԸ¸ٶȳΪֵľˣŶӵ֮һΪ롣Ȱ˵ĻҲǵһθ˵ˣÿֶǳĬԶԣΨϵӷǳÿζ˵ϣܶһ
㲻ǸյõϢ𣿾ȻûˣҲÿԳûȥһˣˢˢǲ˽¼棬Ҳͨһε绰Ͳʱ˾ܰˣ㰡
һأһǣûŮ˵꣬ͷһοڴһɾѹߵʱִһصġ΢΢Ĵԣ·ֱӴ͸˵Ƶġ
˿̣ȴǴһЩ㱵ġ
һȥ˵ã˵ҵ׵ܵˣܵ˵ңҪܸʶ
Ů˵Ȱ˵Ȼֹ˲һ˶ȡ
⻹ʲôÿǵģ㻹Ͻȥϵͨ治࣬ıӻûҵջȥܼ棬ʶʶܵܣùϵⲻԺ׷ʱɱ˵Ҫɵľܾҵܵܵһʱܸ㣬˵ĵλǲһģپܾɾ̫ˡҸ˵Ǹûᣬɱܾ˾ܵһƬ⣬ûˣ
ֻع
Ů߹ȥϰ˰֣ص˵ҸƱȥɡЩؿűԼһı磬ҪԼҲžܵƷλСǲһģκֶȥȾܣһֱѣ׷ʧܣĽҲٵȹʱ䵭ΣҲϽġ˵ˣȷʵϮˣ㲻ȥһۣܷ𣿡
ɰǣɰ
δز׾϶ĿʤˣδزʹԼףҲĸϽΪǸˣǡóְæôĽԸԼδزΪǿѣҲԸǿ϶ѡ
ʱ򣬾ϵ롢ԾϵĵԼõȰ˵صΪѹгɵһݡ
Ǿͻȥɣ뿪һ࣬ȷʵǸˡ
С
ҲһǸ˵ĵܵܣ

׸Ϻ磬еʱƽʱЧʸˡ
о˼ޣ˷ܵͻȻӿ𣬾ôȥ˯
˼һ翪˵۳һʵĶ֡
Ļ֮һǳӵдĺ⣬ܹһ̶ϵء³ɡ۶־һ
õǱ빺ģԼǮͨģԼʹãҪһǮ
Ȼûáʵϻõġ
֮Ҷʱ仯ͻȻ֮ǰ˺ܶ౶㹻澡طڣĶ棬һš
ſǸΣ̬ˣٿ֫ҲһĤƵģֱʲǺܸߡ
һ¶֣оԷŨȸԼ̰࣬ںƣ˾衣
һ룬һ⣬գѾƽǰ
ȻѾѻ鲼ȫٶȴȶԷһ˿ɿ˫۽ǰȴѾˣԷһϡɲǼ䣬һصӶԷбŷʱֱ۷飬һǿ󵽿µ˫ɲסطɿ쵹ˣӲʮײǿվȡ
ףȣķӦ̫ˡ
ĩ￳ܶɥʬҲһЩս飬Ķʱ̫ˡ
ΪԼʵսĲ㣬ĺʤġ
ովȣ̴ݶŲӿ캷Ȼ˫еĻγһѳ˸ɻҹ⣬ƿ죬ֱԷ
ûʲôõʽɥʬȺжģÿһȻɱΪɱĶ̺ͬ࣬ɱԵȻԷͬʱҲ۳һѵ˸ƵĵѸٵظƴ
볤ײÿһ쳣̶̵˶ĤۣԷÿһֱ۱÷ĸоĻȡ֮ģԽ󣬻ȴԽΪ˵ֵԷÿһĹ켣ԽԻĵĿҲԽԿ磬ȴ·֪ƣһÿһǡô׼˼㡪ԼãԷһ˿˷ѶûС
ԾǣûסԼ˶սʱģĨֵĴҲ׾٣ɶʹõǻȼƺ޼ģ¸ζԻⷽҲռʲôˡ
ŶսظоԼӶＳȡĽΪֵÿһ̫ȷǰ³çʹòȡԼҵţпܸ϶ԷĽҶԷĽ࣬ڶԷѸһؽĶʱﷴһĲӸٴνƾеظԷ֡
ԽԽҲԽԽԻľ΢ҲЩ
룺Ȼⲻ۳ʵĶ֡
ս˰СʱңôʡĻҲȫˣͷ󺹵ͣ˹ͣµɲǣҲͣ˺ɢˡ
һһֱ˵ϡ
ԴѾܾûô۹ˣò˵սһ󣬴ջֳĸоǺˬġ
º󣬸ƣϯŵĻлʹ
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ͱŵƿˮתǸСڵѸٵؿʼٶȣƽʱҪһЩ
Żϱɣ֫ٺвתػĲʣⷢĴʹʹܿ챻ƽܸоԼñ֮ǰǿˡ
ֹ˰Сʱңƣȫʧʵ˸
ʱٴֹͣת
Ϊ˷ܶû취ģոһĶսڲϵĽս𽥾ۼ˾ڶսʱûô谭ˡ˰Сʱָ˵ת˺ü鹦˸
֮һεġ
ϢԺؿڣϵͳæ
Ȼһ ϴҪʱõĽеΣһ죬ϼΣҲϰΪˡ
һأϵͳɺ
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һ룬εɨȫеĺպ۹
ôһӵʱ䣬ʹﵽⶼøɾˡ
ĸЧʣӸ첲ϵͳͻ
ϵͳ壬鿴ʱ˵ϸ
Դ¿ͨ˽װԺ󣬿ͻǲܹﻹڳ۶ԼλͶʱ䡢ͣǵʱԸֻ࣬Ҫʱʱ壬ܰմš
Ľ׷ʽ̫ˣǽڳԵĴҲ࣬ʵ˲롣
0ִУ԰abo-١-omegaСҩ¶3ƿÿƿ100ң300ҡ
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2Ǽ-ҩʦ-ڻ𣬹Ʒħҩ20ƿ20ÿƿϼ400ҡ
0ԭʼ-ʷǰ¡-ܰףƷħҩ10ƿ20ÿƿϼ200ҡ
0硭
1Ǽ硭
1硭
Ľ׼¼ʮָķ3500ҡ
ͬʱҲһЩƷչ룬϶ԸƷһ׵ģռ뷽ҲʮŰ׿¿ͻ
Щʲô⣬Ҫ翴һҲ߸̣ȴƷչԶͨġȵá
ˡ
1-ħ¼-bossһأ50꣬900㣬ȡ9500ҡ
һ¹һصľ飬ȷʵǸķɣĿǰʵףڳǰ80꣬1900㡣

ÿɳΪɶԭģҪôʹҪôǳʹҪôĶˡһǱʹȻԽԽȨв԰ΣճΪҲĵˡ
еʱ㣬ǸոռС뷽跨ʱ
һûУôְԺᱻץסñ߱͵ϻΪǸƷ͵ĺϻ̵һŲķţΪϻеӵ¯ɲͷһ͵ϻڴĻ¥˻׬ȡǮƣɫ˥˺󣬵ȼϽͣ䵽ѹեǮƣֻܹ˶ʮ꣬Ҷ
һԼǱ׷ϴֽţƴűͷϵø棬ˤһɽˮ̶ֻʣһʱѧ˱ʯͷϵħħ¼ˮϢʮųħɡ
Ȼ̫ˣòѭҵãȴֻñٰöڵĵϢȥõʬ壬ѾҰ̳Եʬǲȫ
ʱһغڻˣһԨ˺ܶɼ壬ɱףɱ޹ߣͳһħţ졣֮ӵļǱ޹ߣʦǱϰ䣬뾡취ظһضԿڼҲӢ顣ǵõüֿǸȻһصóһģһһǸǲ֪ԵʣΪһض޼һ㡭
˳ˡ
һذǹﵱãǹȻҲΪһضԼĳ谮֪һصıҹȥͬ飬ƶбĻǣҹʱȻȥǵסһѾõת˺˺ǵ
Ƿ³ޣɹһؽһĹ͹Яӡ

ӴһصʱһѪǿ򶨡ڻǸħͷϵıʱѾˣѸٿƼƷ飬Լ޳󣬵֪Լ˵1900100ľ顣
׻Ǹ꣬ʱһ϶ǾţǿںʹҴ뿪ֻǾҲû뵽һػȥȻûãֱԼһˣ
ϸ룬Щ⡣
ЩǺշɶǻܵ۵ģǵĴۻͨһЩҲ̫ˣɾͺѽЩҪõܸǶԸյĴҲ൱¡
һؾһ
ȱ֫ʹޱȵħرǹϢʮ꣬ܳԲܺȣȫħ̶ˮϺӣ߻ѪӪյʱʹޱȣжвòѧɳѾܾˣôѣҵǣΪŭħ壬Ӻõֶ֫ˣ漸ʮֻϣ񹦴ϿԻ200꣬ȴ80ʱͱɱ
ôҵbossҪʲôһΪħ仯ܴڵȴ֮·
󲿷ˣܻʧȥһЩԭĻԵرרbossġħ¼϶ˡħˣҪҪҲν
ܻ65꣬50껻Ǯ׬Ǯ㹻һرʺĹͺܶĵرˣٶһͻƣõʲôԺʹȥһȫֺεĵطʣ900˵㣬ӦҲʲôӵġ
˵ȥȻһ򹦷ļ¼Ҳ˺Щҩĵļ¼ʱΪ޳ʲôħԼľ޹ı
ȷʵbossˣҵԼġ
Ҳ⡣
ĵͶƷѾȱˣĿǰȱٵƷˣڿɺˣһ󷽵ĿˣһӾ͸൱Ļ
ر˵㣬Ŀﵽ1000㣬ⶼ۳һ0ǹ⻷ˡҲ˵⻷пܳΪһ0ǡ
ڵ0Ļôÿ˿ԸƵ֮һڵȼߵĻôһСΧڣһһСһƬС½СֻҪǲڣͿܳΪǸǡרǵĻԵֵЩͿһԣܶôȴܰѸġŮ֮һŮĻԵŪ


90 ⻷ϼ
˼, ȡ1900˵㡣
1000һأ900һ0Ĵͷ
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Ǿһ˲ǰ˵˲ֳ֣һСûж, һٵת, ·һǲѹİȥһԲ״Ķ⻹û, ǹԲϣȻԵЩɳڵԲۿɼٶСֱֻһöβСʱ, ͣ
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һЩڷǰҲܶĹʡ
ְֻС⻷ժ
, ֻôžһȵŴĵӿ, Լһָоڻص, ͺҵĿǰ³ֵĲٺö
˼
ͬǲͬģе˳˳ˮһ·ñûԹͷеۣܵܶÿһδ۴ǵĶǾ޴ĺôҲܵõһĽ֣еǱҼˣŰŰŰͨûˣȴԾͷҲˣֱԼ˲ܵõһ֣ûпܡ
ڹ˵ָˡǲĶôһϾͺܸˣкˡ˵ȷֱ𣬻иֱ仯
˵ˣȻõȡһ׹̶жϷʽģжҲûôӣ򵥴ֱһ˵ǺһעӵеĺǺˡ
˺Ͷˡù˴Ҫôƽ⣬Ҫô˳һֵһ
µ϶˵Ķٴǻܵٴĥ˵ĶٴǻĴĥ׳̶ԼܵõĺôͬһȼΪǵĺǲģ˵ֵһ͵ǵһеڳӣеǴͷŰβҲҡΪûƣ˺ͺһֱǸ㶨ֵԾ취һΣգǻΪж˵ĴڣǴһΣգ޷ܿԭˡȻٵùõõĶ˻ǻǵġ
ΪеĿԺǵ˾ͱͷˣ޸ģᱻǿص֮ǰȥ
ͱһأпˣԭ˸Ԥ֪ΣܿԼõĽˣôһȡ֮ǰĽѳпˣвϵɲǣ˾ͶˣܿץסĶ˺󣬶ֵͻһ֣ᱣһ㶨Ȼ˵һ룬лõǸǳħͲٵõˡܶ˵㣬ôħܻԶ
ҵ˽УǲӻģҲᶳᣬô˵㣬˳֮£˻ᷭùûˣҵҲͺñȵҵ˵ͷ
Ű׿ѾϣȻ뿪ûٹעһǰҲ֪Ƕ˻ҵãˡ
ع⡣
ǹ⻷ɺɣǺȻĳޱȣһˣҲǵлõﱾᵽĺö
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翴һС⻷һ飺ϵͳΪ˸ṩ㣬⻷ͣ
ϵͳȻû뵽Ľ飬һӺ󣬲˵һ仰
[Ҫʲôͣ]
°ͣȻֻβô󣬾͸ɴβɣ̬нŮ֮ãٵʲôģһ㡣
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ϵͳĻ£һ΢ᴵֻС⻷ϣ˲С⻷仯һֻŮʽβ䣬ȻǽӲӵģȴ·ϸ壬Եþֵšգ۵ʱֻŮʽβٴη仯һֻн䣬ŮĵŲִͬ󷽣·٣ȴʮʣע⡣
¶һĨЦݣǾϼܰɡ
[õģ]

ǹ⻷ϼܵɲǣǻʶѵп˶ſнװı仯ȴһǲŷ֣ԭƷϼܡ
ƷԭֻƷСƷһʮ棬ˡƷһ900档
ڣˡƷҲһƷǹ⻷
Ʒơ΢
ǿĿˣƲסص㿪顣
һ֮£ǵı΢ˡ
ǵݶԽ
Ѿеݵ0˿ʼ˼ˣһˣһǹ⻷ǲݾͻ滻ǸˣǵݣʵûʲôҪģҪɴ໻ˣ
Ǹôˣһ۸񣬾ʹ⡪ʮңôǮҪôǮɵʲôãΪ˲⻷͸ˣɵ
Ҳ׷׿⻷Ҳ׷׶ļ۸ʾհ
˰ɣǻûݶϡ
Ҳ˶Ȥ

ԪڸԡͰһͰҩҺһŶĹ
Ƕ幦ûв۵ģԪžȥˣɶ幦٣οЧõģ͸ˡ
۵Сףͷ󺹡
ȻԪҲûڹȥңҵĶ幦ֻһȼһʱƷʱԪҵĻ㣬Ͳ绹ԪŸġ
ΪԺԪŵĺȣԪֵԪżʱ۵ףԪƼã۵Ҳûʲôˡ
һ죬Ԫ۵ǽʱ򣬸оſڷȡǸĺǿģԶԪҵ̺˺ܶ࣬ϻתһעѸٰſٻ
ţͷǼƷʱ̲סЦˡ
ǸɫҲûʲô˲һãͼӴ׼ԪһԪţԪҷʲô
ԪԺ䣬ÿ춼ڷܣϣԼܱǿһ㣬ٱǿһ㡣
ûʱͻȻүڽʱһţ弸һӰգۼ͵˷桭վԡͰǰ
ԪǰմЦǰϣ۵÷׵ϴ˿ΪЦ̫ĶһĨΣŵ˼ѪɫٳĵΪĶ۾˶͸һĹʡ
Ԫſû£ģƼԷѵõģɵô˴
ԪѾֽˡ
Ԫҷʲô
ԪŲع󣬾֪СүƼſ϶ʲô˼ĶˣкأҲ²ʲôʵʵ˵Ҳ²
ԪſԡͰߣ˵ƷˣҿһƷѹСǹ⻷
ҲӣѸٵذǹ⻷Ǹʲôǹ⻷ôȵȣȫԪϸ˵һ顣
ȻԪȴģǷܴһʯ
Ǹɫǣʵǹ⻷ǿģҲ˵νһʼǿǵģ磬Ҳ㲻ʲô
Ԫû˵ɿСүɵģղŵɢ
Ԫк󣬾͸֪ʲôĶп˶Բʲôսʤĵˣǹ⻷ó֪ͷǿתƵģԪĴĵȷһ㡣
Ȼһ0ǹ⻷ӵе˵㣬ԪҲͶ200ѣ˵˼ʮ壬Ĳ
ԪȸԾƽԪŲſڣүǰ⻷ɡ
Ԫʱһͣʲô
Ԫظ
ԪûԡͰɴ۵㿪ʲôЦ10أ֪Ͳˣ
ԪȰѾܵ10ˣÿ
Ԫ󲻸˵죺ҸſģһɣҪûſöΣգȻô˷ѵ
ԪȴǼ˵үϡڵƬ½ߵʵֻǸ2ġүҪнӽ1800ˣ׶ΣΣջٺܶġ
ԪſڣһʱЩ˵
һҡҡͷ˵ûҪҵѾˣѾıˣҺܰȫģҵ800һȫֻҪȥǸɫ߽ӴǶԶԶģͲ뵽鷳
ԪŸϣ¶һĨЦҵĵǣүΪҶ鷳
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һΣֵԪ˵ˡ
үĻеģȻԸȥ룬ȴҲĲСġһҪΪүܵķҵģûſ͸Ϊʱүſʲôطʲôʽ֣Ҳ֪Ҳ֪ˣҲδܿ㿴ˣҲûͨ
ֻǣԪǹ⻷Ǻ
ÿʱͻãԼŬ
Ԫһۿľͷ뷨һ˵ˣӲþͱҶӣҵûҪžȥܵ෨ˣǸо࣬ʣͷǾͿһУ
ʱ䷢չڣڴﰲٺˣ֮ǰҲ㹻Ǯˣܵ㶫һȥлǮ
Ԫ룬ȥ̫ƵλͲˡ
ڲǰͻȻͳ¹ܣֱþ֮ǱߣԪԪ󣬺ԥύ룬һӾͰԪŵõĴиˡľԪŵ޹弶ĹĲ࣬ҪҲܳΪһ·Ĵɲǣ
ﻹһЩؼȣһЩòϵıھԪǵﻻǮԴҲˣһˡ
ķҴﵽ壬Ԫһûãǿ
ԪÿȥԣΪ˲үģûȥðҸԼģѡȡʤʵ磬һףΪʺãѾӽˣڶԸ޵ʱѡЩżڵġ
ĹɱǿѰٵİ취ͬǾΪ˳ҵʶõⷨţҵʵ޲ѡ
Ǻ̶̼ÿһٻնɱͷ޻Щ޵չ۶600-700֮䣬Ҳܵ˶ʮͷˡ
ʮͷܴﵽ෨ңȥʮԪͿȥݼſûϼܣ׿ڸ˵ƷǿԴŷҹȥԸġ
ԪŹȻջĸ˵үġ
Ԫ̧ĸ첲Ԫŵļ磬κԡͰԪ̫ߡ
ԪʵȥĿбӡ
Ԫ˳⣺ҵľͶˡһû˵˭ſģҸˣһУǾſĵһˣȻ֪ûʲôɷǵһĶܳͷˢ
Ԫٴεͷү˵öԡ
ԪˣǵȻ
Ҳ֪ôžĵ⣬˵ﶼڴ
Ǿſȷʵֻһ֮ң

ǹ⻷ϼܺ뿪С
ûʲô鷢Ҫ˵ģÿϰ˵ҵʱӵ׸ĵ绰ϼѧϰһ壬˴˼Ҳͻˡ
ʱ򣬾ϸܵĶԻ˵¶
˵ϴҰǸѽܸʶعˣĩ춼ʱ䣬㿴ʲôʱ򷽱㣬ͣԪ
ǣܺãɡȼĺѣȺʱҺԪԷ㵽·ҰѼѽܸʶ
û
ȥ˵Լĵطʱ䡣
ԣǶСҺԪÿпվͳܣߵԺڡ
ãʱϵ
ʱϵ
ٹҶǰϳѣѵݿеر㵽ʱ̫ȡ
Ц磬ҾȾȸ¡
룬˵̫ãǵǼɡ
üˬӦҲУóֵ׼
ҲЦЦš
ֵ֮Ҷϵ绰
翿ɳϣСǷţ˵ǡ
һ߷һ߾ɩӣˣǽɡͦ˼ġ
͸һ氮ҪҲôʹӹҪԸܶûĵܼܵ档ҲǣΪˡƽɣȻݲһ㣬ȴѹ˭
Ҳеڴˣպ÷ţֵֻϢ
ֻһӣܶͼˢˢֻĻϣһžױιĿֱ۾ȷʵܾޡ
Ȼǲϲĳ࣬ɲò˵òΣ˵ģȻǹһʡ
ţֱ̫ˡ


91 
һͷ, ϹҶϵ绰ϻŵЦ⡣
ôǵһ, ÿ춼ƺڴ, ÿ鶼ܺá
Ÿܹܵͨͨ, ϺȻ¶һĨɻ
Сոᵽ͵ʱ򣬺˵ľǡԪһ𡱣ǲЩ̫ˣĽܺѸСʶҪΪС, ԪΪҲСõѣΪ˼ٳʶΣҲǿˡС, ȴԪһ壬еˡ
üͷɲ
ԼµġԺѵǵ˼, ɲһ²⡪ѵ˵СԪҲһ˼𣿼ǹϵĺãСŻ᲻Ծô֣
ֵ̫ˡ


絹ûע⵽Լ˵ʲôˢ˺һֵľ޴ͼϢ֮, ҲʶλڹڵӰ, ҳĹĵӰ˿ȻԼݼݼûʲô˽, ǸУſű, ûΥ, ʹֺݼɡ
Ӱ, Ѿʮˡ
ϵ˯, ﻹţһԪһܵʱ򣬾͸˵͵°ɣͣҲǰˡ

ڶһ磬׼Ԫ뻧԰档
ԪѾСԲϰں˼С˺õͷ࣬кһԡ
ԴԪ˵Ҫ䷹ֻҪԼҹԢģԪͣٽһ粻˵ʱ򶼺ܴ󷽣Ǯġ
ôദ˴˶ڡ
˳£ӹԪƹİ࣬Ҩһ׷ȻԪգ㻬󣬴Űе
Ʒζֱ˵ǵϴθҸ˵ҪǸѸʶҸ绰˵ˣͣҲҽһ𡣡
Ԫͷ
ҲԪ٣ǸʶʱԪһʼ࣬мһЩֱ١
ĸоԪΪ̫죬ʱ֪ôм仰ˣ˳ٺԽԽĬԪôӦȻȻԼʱһʾ⣬ԪҲ֪˼
˵СǳԷҸҲǰòˡʲôʱ¶ˣǵýһȥ
Ԫֵͷ
緹Ԫһȥܡ
ƽʱʱǲֻģҪȵ绰Ҳʹˡ
Ȼϣ¥СȦ󣬵绰˽
ͣ½Ųͨͨ
磿
ã֪ˡ

ν̸̶̼䣬תͷԪѯʵߣЦЦ˵Ҹ˵ɴ磬ȥ˽ϰϴȥĿл԰ͬһ
ԪʾףҲо
뵽һȥˣŨԽԽߣ˵ҸûпҲѣ
ԪһۣӦҪоͻ·ӡ
˼
֪ȻˣһֱǮȷʵһֱûоѵġ˵ĶѵãԵöˣоѿܵġһֱûѣҪôѪߣûõͬĶûѣҪôѹûпԾѵѪ
뵽⣬һߡ
˵ûѪΪͬͬĸ׵ܵܣѹǸûѪģ׵ܵûѪ׸ûѪҲ֮а
ҲˣǻĽȷ󲿷ѪպѪٲߴ·
ڳϹѪŨȵ߱ΪָܡʽֲƾѪټ̳߱Ѫ͸ߣֱӼӿٶɾȡشǰĲΪı仯ԸΣΪŨؼ֮ҲģܽҲˣһЩֲûвǣĵرĽؼ仹Ϊı仯µĵرⲻѪѵǻôҲһЩ·Ľ
Ϊ֮ȻƫԼ磬ΪǺãϵͳĽ飬ûһʼͲĿǰҲ
ڽѾȷˣûѪѵҼ𣿻磬Ҳû֪ʲôԭ
[ϵͳ֪Ҹ]
[ĸһûѪ·ѪѾѡ]
΢
[ʲôѪ]
ϵͳش
[ǳĽѪ]
[УһֱڹⲢլӣûнܴգҲûʳĽѪѪѪŨʼղԾѣҲûܵӦ̼]
Ȼ
ǳĽѪ⵹Ǻпܵġ
ʣһֱΪС̫ģܸһֹ۲õĸоȷʵѪƥ䣬ѪҲ֡
˼Ժع񣬿Ա߾ԪЦЦ˵˵öԣͷ취ҸϴαɱͦΣյģһֱ˰æԼ
Ԫٵͷͬ뷨
ۿʱ仹磬籾ȥˣһǷˡ
ԪҲܸҸ綪ӣҸٴһɡ
á
˵һҺã
õġ
еǼҸֲǲμᣬѧòŹˡ
š
·Ҳװɣ
ԡ
ȥˣ룬ͱҿˡ
á
ֱӴ򳵣
ȥ
ҿⲻ̫㣬һȥѼտˣһ
á
Ǿô˵ˡ

˵ǴԼʵҲԪһͷޣһȥ˼װ꣬˼ʺֿʽ󷽵ĳ
ؼһԺʱѾʮһ㡣
绰ٴǾӡ
ԪٵС⣬˳
Ͻ죬Ҳ
ں棬Ȼ翪Ǵһ顣
̫ʽװԵòôǺʺ϶ʮĴ磬ҲǺܷģûʲôͿͿĨĨģɸУͬʺ͵ġ
˵ϴθľΪԳԼĳȿɿ磬õǱȽľӢĻôһؾǸ۵ͣôȴϴüӡ
ŵؿ޵ر񡣡
ã΢΢˵Ҳܾ񡣡
գգۣǣܸ綪
Ͼõܵرɰ
û¶ȴúЦ
ôᣬȥ˵ëͷСӡԣ˵ȥ˵ġ
еп
ǵȥ⼸ºͷԼԶԷĶΪǱֵСܱţҲˣΪԷǷĶǾҲɱš
˫˫ᣬټһ£ذѽָرġ
Ժҵȥ˽лˣҲӵ类ϮϢպҲû
絽׻̫ɵ֪ץסῪһ£Ըȥ׵ܵʱԽԽá
ãҲץ绰ʲôģعչڹ͸á

֮û̽⿪֣뻹һߡ
뵽⣬Ц΢΢һ
Լû󣬾͵ȸˡ

˽ڵػֱӴǴȣһСĺԺ᷿
źСɳ߹ɫͷ΢ζһ£ӭһ⡣
˳ЦЦʱָѤõĸо֣ҲܺǾܵĵܵܰɣãҽ֡
һߴ֣һָա
ֵòЩ޴ͼÿټΪڣһʸעĿ˫۾ʣЦҲǴ⡣
ҲܳΪԱԭ򣬿ˣ֪λ
һۣͶֺкøС
رڸкҲЦЦʱ˸еİĽֶһ˿緢֣ȷʵкøУøп±Ǹտϲõƺ«Ҫ̺ܶࡣ
¶رϲı飬ҽܣԭѽǣãҸ˵ˣǰҸܶæҸرм㡣˵⣬ʲôƵģЦҽ磬ҸҸ綼ⶼûʲôִ־ͲˡԸҸһС硣
ֱġмæ˵е㲻˼ֿ˿ϡ
Ϊѯʣ˵˵ġ
ָ˼ˡ
緢е㺦ˣÿԵ㵽ΪֹԪܣõԪ־ˡ
æ֣ҲԪգԪã֡
Ԫ硣
ʱ˾ͽϡ
ﻹЦк
ǰ뻡εСɳÿ߿ˡ
ԪߣʣµľϺ֣͵һұȥ
ֿǱߵɳе졣
ûô࣬վҲһѣɿ
վˡ
֣Ŷ
ŵ
һʱ䣬߶û˵е㰲
ɴ⣺磬ϣĵӰݼرãûпûӰӾ磿
̸ԼרҵʱֵĽŸ΢һЩ˵Ҳ˳˺ܶࡣ
ûСԾϵ׵ܸܵоҲԷһӡ󣬾ͲʧмڽӴңо籾ԣ׼࿴һʵĽɫ
ȤƵģ˵ģõ㿪İɣǹڵģҲȥ̽ˣоڵҵչܿ죬ҸⷽҲͶʣҸϵôãҪǿĸ籾ԸҸ˵ҸͶʣˮǮһ׬¡
ֱǣ⣬˳˼һ˵ڵıȷʵкʵģͷҿԸ̽Ͳˣ㻹ѧҪϿεġ
ЦЦû¶ҪϿȥˣҸȥ̽ࡣôæ˾Ҳ̫ˣӢͺͲˣżȥɢɢģҲһ̬ʲô㶼ҸôˣͱǽоˣҶˣܲܵҸ綼ˡҿҸСо羣ϸ綼УҪǾѲôУֱӽ֣ҪȻȡºţСС϶УҸ粻ģǰɣ磿
Ļըֵһֱ߾ˡ֮ǻ
һѯʾϵ̲סֿ˾ϡ
ЦЦǣ⡣е㾽ȵ񣬰˵治⡣ѣôҶС
ֵϲã˵ܱҴҾͽоϸɡ
վ˺ܶ࣬Ҳܶ࣬ԣǶһ޶Ǹ
翴ˣʱزٿڣȴϵͳ²ۡ
[Ҷ˵ˣľ񣬿ż]
ϵͳƽʾ
[ˡ]
ʧЦϵͳͷԪգգۡ
֪Ԫһ˼
Ԫúܽȷʵ֪˼
Ȼ͵һˮݸ硣
ӹһں˰뱭
ǵģ˵ô໰ͦģȻҪǣȷʵڿˡ
Ŵҳƺ硢һ˵ô໰ȷʵٽӲ֮ʱҲˡ
Ȳ룬Ҳûп׷ʲôǣദúǢɫ˽ģʳĸϴڿл԰ԵһãҲʤĳʦü˳Եöͦ˵ġ
ڳԺִ˸绰ŶӰ˹ܰߡΪ֪ιˣ׼ֱ͸ԪϲıʼǱԣʺϴѧʹãҲ൱ߡ
ԪȻʾлǺ󱲣û׼ǸֽϵʽҲԼԺл;ۻᡣ
ϰ͵˽ͨŶӺ󣬻ص᷿
Ԫһ𿴵ӣϻ̧۳Ц
һԣŵܵ˺üۡ
٩ô᲻磿
Σ㿴ˣ
ЦЦҸôܿȻϲãˣҪǶкøУҲڶô
ȷʵҵµʱԼܲãÿᵽʱﶼǴŹġû߸࿴Ҳܿˡ
㶣ô𣿡
ͷôԡ
̾ѹˣֿҲǷˣš
üǿɲһ
̧ۣ̫׵ܵΪʲôô˵
Цо仰еҹûϲҲûϲһ
͵һϲң
̯֣ɣԣҲ˼
üܣֶңҲϲңҵ˼ԣ˵ûҵ˼
ˣìܡ
ת쳤첲磬
Ҳ벻ףͱˣ粻˵ҹڵıӻģͱˣͶʾͶʣҲ㡣˵ˣͶ޶ȵرͶָֻţ߾ôݼҲãֻҪ۶ĳľ϶Ҳ𡣵ʱ˫Ӯ飬ֶΪأ
ϳţС˵е
Ц˵ûпĸ飬һ˵ҵ˾ͦѵĶ԰ɣҲи飬ΪʲôͶʵĻ׷ѵôţ˰׷ߣҲ̫ûϢ˰ɡ
ϱһУҭסˡ
˵֮ǰϷܶϢָǰֹţҲ֪Ǳ߿ûҪǿˣҲ֪ôġٴβһҪͳɣȻǱΪǸʲôУ˼ҲҪû˼ˡ
ϣ


92 Ԫ
ֱϰ硢ԪͻǼ, Լ˵ڶǵʶʶĶ߻졣
磬Ҫס
ڶ繵ͨ, ѡ籾Ͷʡ
ǵø̽, ֻŹˡ
ûû֮ǰɫȥɣ̫ɧá
ǧҪס̸Ҫв
ϻȥ֮졣
׻ǼסĻܵ˵ûϲǲ̫ɵ, ô, ϲһֱܶࡣ
ϸ룬ǲԸ⻹һߵġ
Ȼ, ûԥ
ϣѸٲ˼绰ԼȦ±, ȱǮöõľ鿴ǵıӡȻֻΪЩвĵطҼǻѰҪߵ´μ, ƬҲ, ʺֵĽɫҸʵģֹҲ˳һڲ, ʱ, һϷ

ڶ, Ԫÿ˻ûȥ˲, 磬ҲԸܵܶദҲ硣
˵磬ϺദǢɶ˵𿴾ϱǾʹ꣬ȴڴ˵е̳ϵĳɾĪģȻﶼеš
Ԫһۡ
Ԫ˵ȥ
糯ڰ֣ûȥæ˵
ûпʲôȴǼѧܱȵģк꾫ŵСܣɵһԾɬλߵˣҲͬгġ
ܰҸôҵⲻҪӦꡢϵԸ࣬·ǸĽܣʵҲܿ⣬ԲͬвͬòӦԡ
ǣܵܵļʱѸٿǵĽϾ¶Դº͵ı飬һһк
ţܳرǶԾ֪ܣҴˣο
Ա߸ġ
ϲźۼżк죬Ƿ
˳㶨Ҳ͸˶֮ģǰż죬ںϴһȥԪæˡ
ȷʱţѾױϵĸ۷Ҳǡµ൱Ľе硣
ţҲֵžۣܿǵ
Цǳȥܸ˴ȥ
˶ˣص뻧԰Ȳ磬ȿһ䣺ͦеİҼѶԵˡ
΢΢üϣѵøһ˿⡣
Ȼ̲סٲһô緢أôˣһԶ𣿡
ϣ

磬žϺúðԪķӿһ飬̫СҲûʲôرģûʲôʱ䡣ϱҲֻǿܵܵܺ⣬ھദҲã˵Ժ󻹻ʲôĹϵûʲô룬ܵ˷ӣʲôʱסˣססġ
ûһڸԺĴкôӵǮģһصܵܵ˽ԼĵܵԼ׬ЩǮҲ֮еġ
ߴ֮󣬾Ԫȥסһ
Ѱſļɽׯ翴ǴϤıеп
ͣ󣬻ڸԪܣȻ֪׵ܵΪİȫԪһؾǺü죬ײв
ǰָָԼԱߵǶ˵ЩԿһѾһģпտԹסһסЦЦҰǰ׼ˣʲôʱҵ㣬ֵżھӡ
翴ָŵǶ
ס˫űеһһֻһС԰վڶ¥С̨ϣؿˣм仹иʵĻСӣ߱ȷʵǺ׽˲Żס˫ű
ֻ翴ʱ򻹲֪磬֪ԺעİȫҲûϸ롣
ԭ˫ű翪Сʱ򣬾͸ֵ׼ġ
˵ĵ
ЦЦӶԿס
⣬ǺúôģǱ߲ȫĵطó
֪һѣͷȥԣҲȥ
û뵽ǰԿЯģ΢ů
߸ʰ˷䣬Ǳʲôʱȥסˣҵ绰ʰ
ûпǸãòϤ
ϵͷԪ߽Լı

ھһʱ˵ĥϡദٴβ죬ֻһʱʱ緢Ϣػ¡Ϊĸչ˳ҲżϵͬǷϢ
ֵĹǺæģΪһֱǹžϣݼ֮£ÿλظϢأÿһϢû©¹
أָദܺܶ࣬Щ˵ҲЩԷֶ֣̬ȴС𲽵ദҲǲСĽˡ
ּġ
Ȼ͸¶һЩϢҲѾѡ˱ӣͷһ羣ϵݸҲС
֮־ͻѹתصֵ˵ǵǸʱҲܳʱиദˡ
ϣʱ˸ľߡ
ЩߵõǧٹֵģЩ˵ľֻΪһЩˮһԹ֮ͷ˱仯ݵ飬ԭЩˮһűģǡʺ˵ʣ͸ǱΪߵһԱ
ͬʱֵżгͻȻ⣬ʹֻѸپ˹˴ûֻ̫ţʱܶϢס˵ģЩ·ǡĵһĻܿ촫ϣ˴ڵۡ
ûйٷ˵£Ϣ㷺ʱҲûпѹۣ˵硣ҲûһȷĽ
ʱƣ۶ȵ׻ǽȥˡ
ͬʱмֱƽ̨̽ǵֱݱǰʵ˺ܶ࣬Ҳˣھͷгֹ췴ӦٳʱߺٶȴڵģһŮȵС˧硪ǰͦģʱΪŮӢۡǺ󣬾ͼ͸ֱİ졣
С˧Сܡ
ΪٷǩԼˣΪԹټҷһԱʹֱԼȴҲҪʵʱϹٷж
ԴӳͻȻڴϾѺγ˴۷糱Ҳ¼Ϣʹȫŵӣ˺İŰɡ
ᣬЩʼȶȣŪ˲ֱ¹ʣֱĹٷ˴СҲʱ縺ֱΣۻϣȥֱķ˿˳ǵĳޣҲṩһЩʵ¼ͨ˿ԲȡӦʽ
ͬʱƼһЩ׵ġбµĵ۷¡ⲿû취ȫµͻ¼ģôͨԼҵ׵ġܰæĴʦͺҪˡ
СܵʵֱУ󲿷ֶⲿѡΣյȼߵС񣬶ݴͨģٲΣճ̶ԸߵģȥֱȴкڸһСܳΣգͻ߳ȥȡ
۵ķ˲ػɣ¶Ҳ˿һλŮÿһȻȻȥ鷳׾٣Сܱŵ۴ʱʱʱŮνŮʮ㣬ǿķС
ǣСΪǿƼ룬ֱ˸Ŀɿԣߺٶȱԭĸ죬ĴҲõ˹ٷͬʱҲȥˣСΪżӴһЩⷽسǼ뼴ɡ
ڣģСΪ׵İ˸ٷǩԼ̽ѡСⷽȫ޷Կû̫ע⣬ҲͲγ̫ٷ޷Ƶˡ
ţרѧϰڵĴ£ϼ˺

ڸ߸ߵϣſϷ˽š
Ҳڿ˹֮󰲲ģǸ緽ʽΪÿǼʱи֮
Ϊƽʱˢĸ߱ƸûҪǲп˺ҸϢģΪڸദʱ׺ͣҲȫ˲ϵ
Ҳһյ˽š
ŵˣǸΨһ5ĿˣԪ
[ԪݼҪһź쿨׼]
Ƽ΢΢ü
ǵãһܴܲż˽еģλСү
뵽ͬĺܶ࣬ǸԶиԵĿԻڽãûкֻܿ鳤󣬻һԵԪ󣬼ûô룬˵˳
Ԫӡ󲻴ǵãеĿǴĹͨҪùͨЧ죬һȻԶֻһˡ
ķ٣ƷҲ࣬ÿһˣٲͬΪڣǮµû̫ҪҲ̾ˣҲͨԪ£֪ſҲƷ֮ˡ
ҪÿԶеܣǻкȴô
֮Ըṩķǣѹեǿ׬ǮԼſ͸ǵѣô˵иǵİġ
תźܶͷȴ˵˽ţظ
[ټ]

ԪԪŴڷŴغˣԪŸš֮ǰ׳ŵſϸ֮һ˽ţʱһߵŻظһ߶Լͷ϶߳ϸϸĺˮŵС
ͻȻ䣬ſһ
Ԫʶ˽ϣʱֵõظ
͵վһ˵ԪţټˣϹȥ
ԪſСүﲻ֪̻ǼУĻǵǡСүΪԼǣֱͦ˵ү㡣
Ԫ̧̧°ͣȻٴ֮ţ̧ž˽ȥ
һ΢΢ѣκԼǳǳȥεΧŵѹܣ΢ѹ
ԪѸ񣺡Ԫ󣬰ݼ
ϵ˸һ̬ƽͣѾ֪ˡ

翴Żÿͷ˿͸ŽŵСүﲻɺЦҲепҲӣϵͳֱͨǰϳһź쿨
Ҫſڡ
һ룬Сү۾ˢˣֱ۳ȵضſķӦҲҲ֪˽ϰٴΣ˵Ѿܵ10ˣȥȡź쿨
΢΢ףԡ
µʱԪſѾ۵10ҡ
Ԫ۰Ͱ͵ؿź쿨
ЦſںҪԴѡȥţ߸Ҫſˣ
ԪûôԥʱԸǸԪһУȻֱѡߡ
ն
ţԪУǹеӰָһ㣬ΧǽϵôŻУһͻȻź⣬ͬһʱ̣쿨֮ͬգۼͳǸŻ˽ȥ

硣
ԪڿСүʧ󣬻ͽ
ʵֹһΣÿһСүȥ֪ĵطͻȫĶǣϣǻԵӦò£ȴⲻ˵ġ
ͻȻ䣬һ
ԪʶسǺ⿴ȥȴͣǰ
ú֮ǰܶεĺ쿨үź쿨һģһ
ʱԤС
Ȼ⳯ʶдһλ
[һ죬һȥ졣]
[ԪţǷԸԪĺ쿨ΪеĿˣ]
[ͬ⣬㽫ںϺ쿨͵Ԫߡ]
ԪŸԥ
Ը⣡
漴ǵֱų·һصĶԸ֪ܷһź쿨ںһ
оǳ
ȻһŻǰ͸֮ǰЩŻһ
û˿ԥֱ˽ȥҪȥүߣ
΢ѣΣԪ֪ġ
ţǰһƬһûʵĴǴʯ̨·һϤվǣͷŶԼģҵСү
ԪǰС

Ԫں쿨Ͷ͵ȴˣҲʱúܿ죬ҲúԽԽʱһߴӰͻأؾͳ˺󷽲Զ۶ϳ˭ǸĬԵĸߴڿʱ˲òֺͬɵس
һ̣Ԫﲻ֪ʲô뷨ۿ΢΢ˡ
ԪԺѸٵشүһ飬ĺëȫҺһߴڵˡ
Ԫתʹ񣺡Ԫţݼ
λƺͦģʱûж˵ʲôֻǰ˰֣˵ȻѾǿˣ͸ȥɡ
ԪŹӦ
ԪҲٴȻһǣ˳
⣬ǹʯأԪԪУдƬĽȺкͶһȡ
Ԫ鼤ߵԪţֹסЦ⡣
緢˵ߣҴȥУ
ԪŵҲЦ⣬ʵشӦá

ٻˮ˿߸˵ļһҲ̲סЦˡ
һС¡
ˮԪԪŵй䣬µӰ
һԿദܺгŮ̬Ҳ͸׽𽥽ӽ
Զдǰͬʱˣ൱ʱԷһۣһ˿죬ֶЦЦ
籾Цſǵģһ̣ͻȻ˽
԰ɣô˭һԶ


93 ſޣ
ϽγԴ, ˮ
ԪԪſǰӦѾˣӦòٴ, ˿пˣҲ֪˫ǸʲôӦ
ˮ, ԪԪøպ½ϡ

½һʱڻصԼ磬Ǳ˼졣յĽûϹ߶пյʱ, ǻԼ滥๵ͨڸʱöࡣ
Ȼʱ½滹ã뿪ǸԺŷԼЩءȻֻڶ̶̼, нתʱһεѸٴɨЩصĶٿʧʱˬ
½ףڸͬĳͻѹĲȫʣȽ, ȻûǮ
½һ˵, ʱЦ绨˵ˣЩʲһ̶ǲշѵġ˵⣬, ƺ㲻, ҲΪ½ǵʱ, ΢صĶҪԵʡ
½ЩΣԺʱ仹
, ԴʱˣûҪȥռġʵǿҵķչҲв㣬ӦðѸԴ׳ԼԺ·ߵóԶֻﻹûЩ£̫ˡ
Щļϵ¶½ԥûնིΪһ뵽λϵˣ־ñݳ֮Ҳûʲôãܹʵĵ·ܶ࣬÷Ǿͨʱʱơ
ͺìܡ
һأҲԼʱ䣬ĶһύµõƷȥһЩʺҷչĶ
½ǹһˣֻҪԼʺϵԴɣһˣҪĸԴࡪⷽԼѧһЩҪ󣬿ɶԷϾпˣû취ҪӦʱû½Աţ԰æֱһ¡
ڽ½ǲæġ
յȻ͸ˣ˵ڵõġ»йʵѽţѾʵ˴鷳һʱģʵҲû鷳
ѾȥЩˣֱڣÿʱúʹ졣

½մӶһﻻҺ󣬽ڵС
һſкܶڷ棬ͬȼб־ýĿһĿȻ
½ȹƷ
һȦܹʵķۡ۵ļ۸ˣҲ̸϶ôĻ1200ңǧҡ
ҵӵܺܶ࣬Ը⻨Ǯȴ࣬ʺÿƷõûֵʲЩƷöԼҳϵģΪǶ໨һǮ
ǧηۣôһʮĸӵǹ˵ģʹ׷ЩҲҪʱ˵Ҳ̫ȱңֻҪѸǮűãԷҪʱòǮѡ
·֮һЩҩ
չĵҩʱչ۶ܵͣٿԼ۵ЩҩɵƷʱۼȴ˺üûн⣬ΪƷϢ֪ĵҩûһʵģҲƷߵġ
ԼƷʵĵҩ򵽿»þۣͬ׵ҩļ۸Ҳû취֡
˵Ǻܻģ˫Ӯ
굤ҩһһȦЩԴ
ע⵽һеӰɵÿ˹ȥ
½汾ڷƷԴһߴߴĹͻȻû˵ˣ̧ͷ˳ŹߣҲԶһǰ꿴ȥ
ǲʶˡ
ջعȻ½˵½磬λСҼġİ˭ˣСС˵ţһʮˣҸǽʱλСͻȻˣֱȥʱûôˣźżҲͦŵġ
½ͷ
ԭӡ̣ûʲôֵġ
Ҳһ˵Ҳû֣ĿܿǸԣиܸߴӣܳƵӣ̬ǣһֱڸ˵ʲôߴҲƵͷӦٷԼ
ദʽȤ
ղݸССض½˵ԱλòһЩƺɾýСӡ̫񣬱˱˵Աλ׳ʿ֮ǰûǹϵͦõģӦǿԽύ˰ɡ
ܸͬദǢģһ㶼ദܶʱнύֵġ
½ҲԸཻѣô˵Ͳźۼش
ѾСģǸߴӻѸٲˣͷʱһĨ⡣
ͬʱ˸ߴӵķӦҲŤͷ˹
½룬ҪٲȥͿܾͻᣬкһһǱȥֲط֣ԽǱߣǱߵȴ䱸һЩʲôԵʣҲҲİɡ
û½ô뷨Ȼ½˵ȥкǾ͹ȥ¡
Ǳ˼Ѿ˵ضк
СӿɻǵңǴˣСһȴͷһȥݼ
յۿɼڶЦʱ̷˷ȻԼƲƲ죬оԼӦˡ
Ҳǣֲԭ磬ͬʲôý䱸ģ˵ҲˣԼһεʱڸ¿ǽ⣬ʱȻûȥȴҲ֪ʲô
û֣ԼΪն·ʱߵĸߴȴ΢΢壬ֱո½֮׽ΧԷɡ
Դյ⣬Ҳ⡣
ҲЦЦüۼȻǴŵ̬߰ȴܿǵãǴθܶ˽ߵüˣҲܿϧ
½濴ǹͨãûڡ
Цӯӯҽգġλҵ½½磬ǧ硣֪λôƺ
̹ʻش𣺡ҽԪ԰硣룬üȻû˵ſҲûѣǾûʲô˵ģ̹˵ԪţҴСһ𳤴ˣҪļˡ
Ԫͫ΢
֪ԼԼү˵ҲҪģҲԼүԸŤû뵽ôһ죬Сү׿ڶ˽˵ǡҪġ
Ԫ͵ؽȵѹȥǰ˱˱ȭʾ
ա½Ҳ
һ˲½淴Ӧʮ侲Ҳѿڶλͬһ磿
ҲӦɴš
ԪǾȣǽ͵ѯʹܷԪҲС󷽣ҹſķһȥܹԺ󣬾ݼԪſ˵⣬е㲻˼ҲǸſ̫ˣҲźԪþЩ
λϢܴ½նһۣ𾪡
½涨˶񣺡ðʣ֪ſҪô򣬼۸٣
Ԫɻشˣַһǹ򸱿۸2ҡڶ֡ϸذԼ֪Ķ˵˳ҵȻѡڶ֣ܵ10Ժ󣬻ȡſ
Ϊϸ½ҲԭԪԪŵſǺɫģɫ⣬ȴûвͬȻΪʲôҪֳɲͬɫ
պܲ⣬ֱ˳ǵİɫΪʲôǵǺɫ
ԪҲû뵽ſɫͬȻ𰸡
½Ҳ˿ڣ½ĳ綼2ΪСǧˡ
Ԫ㶣ʶ˵ǰ5磬ҸԪʵܲĿǰڵƬ2Ҳࡣ
½ջȻ
5磬ǧ硪ԭСǧǰ׿ǧǺ쿨𣿲Ǿ仰ǲǻʲô˵ͷ
ٴβ鿴ԵſҲʹԪԪţһûſκʹϵĲ
ѵֻΪСǧǧɫʶ
½յûΪԪ˵ԪŴǧĵͼʲô뷨ȼ߳ô࣬һʱ߲ƬԴҲ2ö࣬ʵ;ҲҪܶࡣ
ԪԪҲûΪ½桢Сǧľʲôģһ½ʵʵĿǰԪŻҪһ㣻ȼǸˣΣյȼҲߣŪԴδرСǧףСǧģͨԺ󣬲ҲС
Ҳɫԭ򣬼ҲͲˡ
ոпҺ½绹ǵһмĿˣԺлᣬһҪȥм翴һ
ԪһЦҪǲԺԵǵȻڻأӲ⣬д˻ǿԵġ
ҲЦˣԺһȥݷá
˵˵žʹˡ
½ѻ˵Ҫ¹һſҪʮҡֻ˵УƸҪ˵öࡣ
Ԫ£ſǮȷʵͦܵģҪǡԪлԵ֪ʲôʱܵǸǱ˺ܶ࡭ҡҡͷ̫ˡ

˿̣ˮǰü
ȻѾſſҲԿʼˡ
[ϵͳſϢ]
[õģ]
ɲǼ䣬ϵͳϢſ֮ڣ˵ſǵ
ֻҪû붨߲ܽϢĻеĿˣȫõſϢ䡣
𣬸Ŀ˿ӵйſſȨޡ
0-2Сǧ磬Ի2000ҸһŸʱУܸннףҲûκܣԸſжҲԻ1ֱӹһŰ׿׿а׿Ȩͬ
3-5ǧ磬Ի2ҸһŸҲԻ10ֱӹһź쿨쿨к쿨Ȩͬ
6-8Ĵǧ磬Ի20ҸһŸҲԻ100ֱӹһϿϿϿȨͬ 
9磬ȼ̫ˣҲѹͻûӴôߵȼĿˣʱͲˡ

½濴Ϣ΢ա
һ̣յüۼ䶼ϲãֻҪ1ңͿԸһŰ׿ˣǸʱ򣬸ҲеĿˣҲõĸ׵İȫˣ
½ȴøࡣ
ȻſĹû𣬵۸ô󣬿϶ǸĵȼйصġôЩСǧĿʵߡﵽǧɵı׼Ժֽİɫſ᲻Ӱ죿ߣԺſɫ;
ЩȰˡ
һֱڷ仯ķչϢᴫݸǣҲѰסﵽͻƵı׼ſ𰸡
ԪеĽԭСǧİ׿ôˡ
ҲûУãΪǧԴСǧԴܶ࣬ſļ۸Ż󡭡ãȽϹƽɣ
˽̸ʱû⵽ǵĶԻ
֪ʲôʱ򣬻ҲеһƷû̫ӽ̸ݺȴפͣ
ͬģҲһʱעſϢ
ˣԲͬŮλܲݸϺ彾̫ǼǱֻǵһȦȴⲶ׽ֻƬԺҲûȥԪһ˽ֻһ۾Ĭת뿪С

̫Ǽţ˵һ粻һ˵Ԥϣȴû뵽ô졣ǸڿһЩֱˣȸҵȰŵʱ䡣
ϵͷ¶ҶûֻȥҪһЩţѰ֮踱
ҲǼ˺ѵģƽʱ̫ͨ࣬Ǹ˵Ľ˵ͳƵƵˡУƽۡ
޵Ĳ²ⲻͬƶһһ˵ģϾ̫ǼѾȷʵڵҲ˵ǸѾпˣ߱ΨһˡôȻ統ȻҲпܻµĿ˱ѡС
ϵĽ̫ǼĲıϡ
ͬ¿ˣ˵鷳󡣱ϾܶԵģ¿ĻԵ˶ſֵʱ򣬶ԷһùοѾȺܶಽˣ˵ľ˵Ҳûʲôûû֣Ҳûۣ˾ǶһܣûӰ졣
̫ǼͲͬˣ츳ٸҲ˼ģθкǿҪԴҲҪ֯һŴƿǸĴԴҲüķչվ綥塣
ôѡʵˣѸƵĸˡ
ԣǸſ
̫ǼƿǺǿģĿǰĽ׶ΣҪһвǽͣûıƣǷʵķңԸʹȻ޷в
սԣҲ׸ߵŵſ˵Ҫܸһеİ֣ж߻ȡԴȴҪнɷ䣬۴ķҡ
Ѿͨ﷢չ¿˵ʱŻûܵķңѡŵĸſģǶһ棬ڲͬ﷢չ
ϼ̫Ǽ˼ҲûعԺ󣬲ˬ˵вֵĵطֻĳĳлЩҲ޷
̫ǼԣһЦǾͶлˡ
ãϸܶɢ޶ͬǸɽѡ
ʵĴǺܿٵģܶԴԼıֶϣĸƻ٣ʮ˸¶ࡣ
ܸ̫ǼԸǮĻɼҲȷʵǰ̫Ǽ˺ѡ
ȻҲΪеĿйϵſǿбģôͽʡܶ໨ڱϵԴ۷ԴԴǮϸˮĳ룬ҲͲһԼͶԵˡ

ͨʱǱߵԪս飬ԸͦģҲûʲôơ
ڽԪԪмȺ뱩¶ԼݿףǿԻӺѣϵеҲܸӳס

ջˮ
Ӧûвٿ׬ȡķҹſʵĽˣȽ˹ͿǼˡ


94 λ
2-̫Ǽ, 5Ű׿1ҡ
1ԭʼ-ڻ򣬹1Ű׿, 1ҡ
1ִ-߷壬1Ű׿
1Ǽ-ǹʢ棬1Ű׿
0Ŵ-Ԫع1Ű׿
0ԭʼ-ܰף1Ű׿
2-Ůգ1Ű׿
1Ŵ-һأ1Ű׿2000ҡ
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ȽȤǸи߷䣬ݹ۸λ, Ǹ˻߰˵, ֻһ, Ǹ
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ЦЦԼϵͳ塣
Ԫſ룬׿ĳɱ1000ңÿ4500ҵ󣬺ϼƾߡ׿ĳɱ͸ˣÿֻҪ200ңУٸǵ˸׿ļܣǸȥ硪ʵϣǮʹŻȥ˶ǲҪǮġŸֵõϼƾ5400ҡ
һķѾ10

һ
֪׬٣ܵʮ໹еϣҲһ⡣
뷨ǣͷиԺ󣬾ͻǮλ棬ҵʵԺֲռ䣬1ҽ̶ͨҲϵͳĽ顣
ϵͳʱûǮڵǣĻﵽһı׼
ǸʱҪԼֲֲԴ޸ȡλ湦ܺ޸ֲ·֮ѡ
ǰҪ10ңҪ15ʱ࣬ͻ岿޸ȡܡڣٻ壬ôȡλĹܾͳ޸ˣÿλ1000ҲûǮ̶ֻͨҪֱʵİλ棬ϵͳֱӰǸλȡϵͳռٻҽи죬λͿͶʹˡȻҲԸɴһܣٶҺֲ޸ôϵͳͿϵͳڲһֲռ䣬ֱֲ
еԥɴϵͳϵͳĽǣ
ϵͳܿش
[ѡ޸ȡλ湦ܡ]
գգۣȴϵͳ
ϵͳĽȴϸҲпϡ
[λûγ飬ӵһ編򣬵޷ǵ顣İλؿĵرȣжָ췽ʽڴֲռ䡣ϵͳٵֲռֲͨԺȻԽܴ󲿷ֲֲҪֲҪ죬Ҫȵķҡ]
[ȡʺֲİλʱеĻϸ켫˻ٽֲҪѵķĿͨ࣬ȿͨϵͳֲԼ۱ȸߡ]
룬һԼǰЩ¶ͷ
ô£޸ȡλ湦ܲҪǮ٣ôȷ̫ˣ֮ǰӾֲϴתˣƵġ
Ǿֱ޸ȡλ湦ܰɡ
ϵͳѸٷӦ
[õģ]
һ룬ķұ۳塣
ͬһʱ̣ƺعιһ΢磬ϵͳ˲䷢΢ı仯øǿ󡭡߸˵ˡ
㡣
ôλɡ
[õģ]

綼ڻУΪķͬӻмȡҲͬϵͳȡĻԸλĻ˵ֱָԴҲκһ֮ϡ
ˣʹͬһʹʩչԵЩ򵥴ֱɼվͬ޵еĵλϡ
Թ
λ֮ûܳΪ磬ڲķ򲻹ûǵôûһѭչḶ́Ŀܡ
һǳڱ¶ٻ籩֮ڣЩ𽥱ĥСЩֱӱƬЩɴһֹͣϧЩǿγ˷򼴽ȴΪȡʱʧܡ
һϵͳܽᣬʲôԭûγģжģһ飬λ档
ʱҪϵͳȡλ棬Ҫϵͳı£С

վڴ׼
ϵͳʼɡ
ǾǰͻأسһɫĹ⡣
ſٵر죬ѸٵسҲʲôʰסһһĸо
оЩϤƺϵͳƿʱʹĸоʱĸоʱҪǿҺܶࡣ
ףڵϵͳƿ壬Ҳû뵽⣬ֻıʱѡ
ѸٵӦĸо̲ס⡣
ϵͳ
[ǵģ]
[ϵͳıԴ]
粻Цˣ㣬ʩչɡ
[õģ]
һ룬Ǹûʵľˡ
оԼ·һ˲˻һȥĹҫڸеĴеС̬죬ɢϸȥᣬЩδݸĴ඼Դ׽ĸоҲ׽УҲһЩƽƺڹʲô
˿̣ͻȻס
ЩΣ¾ԣЩÿ籾Դ׽ģǶϵͳɳԸεģ׽Ѿ׵ģƽЩɢʮǿ󣬿¾Ǳڹġ
ͬʱҲףڲûУϵͳӽǣϵͳԻ΢ľ
Ļ棬Ȼ
ƵЦЦЩι֣ʾԼ⡣
Щ΢΢˸ʹЩҲӦ

ʵ˵ѾܸˣǹͬϵͳҲΪġʹһôĵģԴʱҲûǨŭһЩο˼ƺҲΪ̳ôưʾǸ⡣
ˣЦЦ
ʱϵͳ
[׼]
ջȻϵͳʲôɵñһǣ˳Ĺ֮俴ȥ
ߺͻȻ÷ǳϸС΢ܿ
Ҳ״̬£ʱǻͨģϵͳ뷨Ѹٵظ
[Щ΢ǰλ档]
һ״̬Ҳûѻ˵ͼǿԼ
[λȣ̫С˰ɡ]
ϵͳش
[ǵģ]
[ʱΪԴĵȼͬܵʲͬٲͬȸԭγɵҲвͬʱ󣬵Ϊǵķܹ磬ȡͻ죬ڶбԵֱѭȶƽȷչ]
[ûγİλ棬󲿷ֶ̱գٵĲֻΪǰĲַǿ󣬶ǽ˱ʱеľǲַγСȶڲѭס˻ĥֻ̺С޷󡣻еĻĥУʱƵȼϽͣͬСеķĥֻʣµرһ㣬ǿֻʣ΢һˡ]
[λǲҽģֻҲֻС]
ϵͳŶˡ
ԲʲôǱĥԶԽԽСԽԽСԽԽ󣬰λȣȻԶԶġ
[Ҫҵİλ棬ǲҪЩڲѭСȶң]
[ǵģ]
룺ҲûʲôģֿӵڴС
[ʼɣϵͳ]
[õģ]
ʱѸٱϸ˿ÿһϸ˿ϳЩϸСġλ΢ȥٵذš
ÿӴһ΢һϸ˿ѣ±ɵϸ˿ڳƬ΢̽ͻȻһϸ˿ĳһ΢ϣʲôƵģſٵأȻкܶϸ˿ѣϸ˿ֱڲͬ΢ǡء
ٿȻס
˿ѵЩ΢ûеģֱж˸ǵϵŵ΢ǿõģ˿ǰѱǴ˻
ôĿǰϵͳѾλˡ
˿ǻڲϵţѸٵسŸԶķȥ
Ȼصıĸ߸˸
[ϵͳʱˡ]
[õģ]
֮е˿١צ±ͬһʱ̣Щٵػۣϡ
ԾɱɫŰţñԼΧǿˡ
ĹͻȻʧ»ָԭģ
[Ƿ̹ȥ鿴λ棿]
ԤУ˵ʱȥôϵҲʧϵͳѱԴ롣
ˣѵԺٿû֢
[ǣ̹ȥ]
ϵͳûзϻӦһ۹Ȼ
оԼϵͳգ֮䴩ʹһƬġ޾
ǻ棬ҲԽлա
ϵͳıȵعУһƬȹ̵Ļ֮ڣڵϵͳţ󵽾кԶһ
ϵͳȻͣʱ类Ʈڸ߳
[λ·]
˳ϵͳָʾͷ˹ȥ
ȻһƬ½Ƭ½ϣ鲼뵵⡣
ϵͳ߼ӳֺؿƬ½йģڲҲǱһͬСһ
صڴ½Ҳ˾ŸѨÿѨĸŲֲЩֲƷҲͣ㿴ܿüﵽ׵ġ
΢
ԣλģʧܺСΪڵλòסˣַѭѾСˣȶ
ûʧܵĻ
ǵλֻ˻ôҰĺܴ󰡣һʼֱӳΪǧ磬ֻϧǸ߹ԼһʧˣԴûﵽŵʧܡСǧĻ¾ͻɹ
ϸλ棬⡣
ŸѨ߸ѨǺȶͨѨһһֱмͼȻֲҲһ㡣
治ֱź졣
ϵͳҵλ棬Ѿǳʺһֲռˡ
ûϵͳȡ
[ȥڶ]
ϵͳ顣
һ΢΢𵴸к֪Լϵͳļӳڻﴩ󣬶̶̼ӺһƬ½Ϸ
һƬ½еˣǸոǸ½һƽ̶γ˺üΣ⼸ξȻγһȶ
沢ûʲôֲֻÿϳȪۡ
Щ죬ϸ۲
Ȼͷ֣ЩȪȪˮвͬɢȪΧҲϸ壬ûӣȴûʲôֲ
[ϵͳ˼ǣֱЩȪΧֲԺʵֲ]
[ǵģ]
룬еġ
ֻôһѾ뵽кüֲǿԿĻģ
[ҹȥ]
[õģ]
ţͳǸλ桭һȪ۸
[Ȫˮ]
[Եģ]
ذ˫ִ̽Сĵһˮ
ˮܶȺܴԼЩˮĸоˮеڴļ룬һڣƺڴƤ
ףȪˮԴ壿
ʵһֱǿģЩȪˮоЧãҲΪȼܴһо֤ȪˮڴϹЧҲǺǿġ
˵뷨ʱû˵
ܿϵͳ͵һȪ۸ͬǰȡˮˮ
𽥵ģ緢֣ÿһȪȻͬһã޸ˣָ΢
Ҳϵͳ˼ȷƲȷԡ
ôЩȪ۵ֻڸֲ԰Щ˷ˡ
硭
ֱÿǸǮɡ
簵ĥţϵͳȥҵĵλ档
ǸλϣǻɽѾȶˣλϵĻɽ緢Ǻйɵģڹ̶ʱ緢ԺÿζһЩԵĵرеƷܵͣҲеĴﵽ˶׵ĲΡ
ɽĸȶ緢ҽڲȻֲһЩԵĵر
еĸλ档
Щ죬Ͽ߿ӰضĹתƬƬǹڵϣ쳤վúγһݵĴӡ
Щǹⲻϳ۶ɵҺһֺĵرҺĸһǹݣҲǰǹġ
ͬʱǹҫ»˺ܶıǴǹԵģֻΪӵĿ̫٣ԵһõıƷߣĻ۵Һ
ǵλ桭
λ桭
߸


95 ռϼ
˸λȫ, 类ϵͳڻе㸴ӡ
ĬĬذָ
ŸѨλ桢Ȫ۰λ桢ɽλ桢ǰλ桢ͨطְλ桢ɭְλ桢½λ桢ԭλ档
Щλ϶ٶһЩֲмλϵԴ൱ḻ
ϵͳܹȻǿ, ֮İλĿٶҴ󲿷ֶûʲô, ֻô̵ʱ, ҵİλ澹Ȼûһõ, ȫԴֲռ䡪ȻеֲռЩ˷Ѿˡ
һʱ䣬羹ȻЩûĸо
ǰ, ȡİλǿԶϵͳռ, ûкúù滮ǻɺܴ˷ѡ
ǰ˸λ, ǰֶȽټ, , ĸɭְλֲǺܸߴľ, ܷ, ܸ, ΪȴչƷ࣬ͨڶףƵһСˡ
½λͲԭλЩ, ֲֻ׵, Ҳ㣬ͨطֵǸǿԿٳͨġֲ԰
ôһ룬½λͲԭλ͸÷ֳɵԴ, ô, Ӳһ˷ѵĸо
Ǹôء
˼
Ӻ, ˾
[ϵͳ԰Ѻ½λ׺԰ɣ]
[Եģ]
ͷ
԰ûģֻӪһͨ󻷾ѣȻҵ˿Ũȵĺ½λ棬ֱԺ׵ĺ԰ʵ԰ˣԺп˽ʱˣҲܸ֪ʵĻ
°ͣէ֡
[Ǹԭλ桭׵ռɡ]
ϵͳĹǺǿģԭ˵ֻҪ㹻ĶܹϳɣȻϵͳϳɵƷκһķϢǺܡġĴǺ£ΪʹݵȥҲܸκνϳˣʲôҪأдڵĸĿĲǣܱĩˡ
ˣƷҪ
ֱӰѰλռͲͬˣϵͳҲֱӶи졣λȻûγ磬浽Ҳȹ̵ķϢģƷȥͬÿһ
ԼЩС˵ʼϵͳҪ
[ռѹĶأһĶǿٺõһĶؾͱֲݵصԭм佨һݡ]
[һܹתװãֻҪͿתΪռԽͿռԽԽ࡭ѰλԭеֲŲһεĻԣŨȴﵽһ׼ͽΡ]
[šעһ£ÿ˽ռԺԶõƷϸʹ˵]
[רſٳһؽѡκεʣһյ״̬Ʒʹ˵ҪؽѡʵģܷŽȥǷǻ治Ϊʱ𻵡]
[Ŷˣ˵һ䣬Ҫؽѵͨռĳװý롣ϵͳעһ£ҪҵģʱֻҪ㶯ֶѣҲҪʲô׬ķһƽ֡]
Խ˵Խ𾢣ϵͳְûš
ȫ˵ꡢûʱϵͳһ顣
[ҪϵͳǷҪưλȡͬи죿]
۾ˡ
[Ʒʺϵܶ࣬ܶ༸Ȼá]
ϵͳû顣
ţԼжȻֳȥһƬѸٵسǲԭλ棬ʵʵذһɫĴ롣
ڼԺ󣬴мƿɳһƴĶֱֱ緽
ʶȥá
ϹŵҲûţǰƴĶֱġ
Ǳռ䣬ϵͳͦãһƬεĲҶᣬ
һʶȥӴͻᷢڲҶ̲һƬռ䣬һĶغһµСݣСиճӡרͶԴתΪĵطСиۣſ棬ύؽ
ڵؽѵڣȻС档
ϵͳҪ
һռս
ͷԺжһƷٶۣͿʽϼˡ
緢ʩ
[ϵͳȡλڲ췽ʽȻص顣]
[õģ]
[ҸԭλƵİλ棬У˾Եòôˡ]
[õġ׼]
[ʱԡ]
̵ĶԻ֮ϵͳֳ˺ü⣬ֱŲͬķȥ
ͨϵͳӳֵ߿ԿЩڽӽѡеİλ󣬾ͱɴһĶ˷ץסЩλ棬·ʲôһ֮£ѾѰλγǸȹ̵Ŀռ䣬֡Ȼһǰλͱʧǽϵͳռڲˡ
ȻϵͳظλĹ̡
ɺ˳
ûãǰͶµġɰλɵռ䡣
һҲ׵ģһ÷״һƷһ㡪һ׵ģ״ͬҶ
[ˣǻȥɡ]
һºɫĹâţ绯Ϊһ⣬ֻ΢΢𶯼䣬Ѿֱӻصϵͳռ֮ڡ

ٶ֮죬綼ûôӦ÷Ҷ̬ռ䣬ָ֮䡣
ع
ϵѸٵ磬ɲǼȫ룬һγһɫӰ
ģģģеӰ
ϵͳһ̬Իˡ
ۿɫӰʧ̲סʵϵͳҲ̬𣿡
[ǵģ]
ˣܲʾҿһ£
ϵͳûлشɲԣģӰȴ𽥱
һɫƵģѸٵ¶֫ΣԵ壬ʵŵǸƽʱƵĳⳣ·ӰһģҲɫģеɫĸо
ˡ
ȻҲˡ
翴ӰһЩס
Ӱû
ƺûγ٣ƺγ٣ֻһۿȥʱ򣬻Ƿֱ治ģжϳʲôӡ
·ǣ֪Ա
һʱ䲻֪ôݣɿڣ⣿
ϵͳ˼
[ϵͳûò̬ʾʱģ]
һ㶣ǰҲûȷò𣿡
[ûУ]
ǰļңûзмκθϵͳദ龰ƺǰϵͳɵĽָϵͳĽ࡭֪ǲĴǸʱϵͳҪܶࡣ
ʱףϵͳǵһ׼ܾѡ֢ƵİɣѡԼóʲôҲ֣˭ԸⳤһԼأϵͳҪù̶ദԺͲøˣֻϵͳȽأԾʱȷ
Լ㶮˵磬ͲϵͳʲôˣЦ´Ӱ
ϵͳαԼһ㣬ÿѾκõĵطܾϸϸ֮͸һ˿ʸУ͸ϵͳ˵ĸоһҪԼݣϵͳеˡ
Ҳְϵͳȷʵ˹ܵӡ
ˣͷȥ߰뷨Ц˵Ȼ֪ϵͳ޴ڣۿŻͦ˼ģֱӴȥЩȡλĵطɡ
ģϣ˫źϣ˵
õģ
ҲǴ𣬶Ǵ˫źϼ䴫ݳ
䴽Цˡ
ܸϵͳ潻Ҳͦ˼ġ
ע£ɫӰһۡ
ţһͬ΢һϴѸٱϵͳݵһƬռ
ϵͳռڲٳĵط൱

ڰУǰλɢ˴˼以š
˼Ҳ»صЩλϡ
ٳСռɡ
ҵǸֲһЩǹԵֲЩҺȡװƷ׼ϼܡǹλһСռרĵֲܸҺԴ⣬ö˿š
оŸѨǸλֲռ䣬ȵһҪסڸӦԵֲѨŨȵĲ죬ֲЩҪֲȥ
طֵȽ΢Ǹλ棬ŸѨķ಻Ļ͸ŸѨ˫ֲ԰ӡ㿴ôʣǺ԰԰Ʒֲͬ
[ģ]
[ɹλγһλ档]
[λзָ]
[ָɹֳ԰԰԰аѨȫϵ׺һֲ԰Ѩֲ׺׵ֲ]
[Сȫ԰ԭϵİλУʯѾȫɣ԰ָȥѨ]
[ͼȻá]
[԰԰ȫɡ]
һϵͳʾֱԺ
Щʾ·λ涼ʧˣӦǱ첢Ͷ뵽·ָСռˡ
翴ԱߵɫӰ
ɫӰ˶٣ʣǷҪظ
粻ݸ
ҲԣϵͳֱԱ˵һĲеˡ
ɭְλֱµСռֲͬľİɡ
õģ
ɭְλʧˡ
ɽλŽһСռ䣬ʵĸ졭Ȳæ죬ôԭ̬Űɣͷ
õģ
ɽλʧˡ
Ȫۺܶİλ桭룬λ̬أУֲûλǿͲֲˡҲûֲɴ΢һ£еȪݡϵͳæж£ЩȪˮܶԼ׵Ŀã
˵⻰ʱһֱλϿա
ҲЩµʱôȪ۸һСӡ
磺
濴ȥ
ЩСӣԶϵͳȥġ
һȪϣСдȪ֣Ա߻кܶСܽ˵ȪﱥΪʲôٵģԽȪˮһݣݵ޷ܵʱ򣬾ܴﵽ״̬ˡ
ţͨ˽ȥƾ֢𣿡
ɫӰƮԱߣ𣺡Եģо֢ܹƣֻܹΣա
ͷ͹ˡ
СûжۣȻ׼жԺټ¼
Ȼͨ˵Ļ
˵ǰģҲһ̫һСʱ10ңλʱ޶һСʱһҲǶҪ10ҡ
ɫӰ΢΢ͷõģ
С϶Ȼ֡
֮ٿСӡ
ͳͳxxxȪģʽд󲿷ֶһ׵ȪˮֻкٲǶȪˮ׵Ȫˮûеġ
֮ǸֻܹСǧݵȪ
ҺڵĿ˴СǧģǧĿˣĿǰĵȼҲ̶ȡֻһλ⡣
λͳֵĺɫźӾӣƽҲ֪ſ˯֡
лǵӰȻ񣬸ڶȪˮһһۡ
ȻÿСʱΪƼ۵λÿһȼĲͬƷȪˮһλԽ󺱼ȪˮԽͨľ͸ˡ
˵Ȫ10ÿСʱ״ȪȴֻҪ5ÿСʱ׵ȪܲǿȴҲҪ20ÿСʱ
ȪݻҪþһ㣬ڿͺͺģȻ廹У˽ڲ󣬻ǻúֲܴڵģԵǲߵ
õģ
ĿǰټĿռҲֻʣôһλˡ
ͿռѸٵСȪλǡôǶڿռÿȪȪ۸һЩľ߻߹ӵװΣǳģԹŴĿǺϰߣִܸδĿһֹŵС
ȪȪ֮зƽ̲𣬲ͬȪ֮仹ľһЩֲûʲôֻ֣𵽵á
Ϊ˸ṩ㣬ġЧƵȪۻһҲвͬȪ۵Ĵ䣬˫ȪȪϵͳԸݿǵѡôĿڵȪһݡͬһȪһҲǿԵġ
գʱλ汻װһ£ȥЩȪݸҲˡ
üëҲеȥһݡ
ûôȪҲȫΪ˺ôҲͦĲǣ
ڲȪʱ
һ߰ɣȥ㿪ٵСռ俴
ɫӰĴ£ֿٵȥСռ䡣
ֲ԰Ȼϵͳ˵һ԰԰ֲܷ԰ҲǸպǶڿռģ԰԰мһʯңң˴ˡ
ɭְλֱͦͦһСռ䣬ǵԴġǹǸɭְλһԴȻ¶ʱעֻе˿ˡ
Ǹɽİλ桭
սǸСռ͸оĴӿȣлɽ緢ĻĵرһЩ
ÿεոеûҪҸԿǿţǽһĿķңԼڲѰܲ׬ҲǸһȤζԲǣ
ΪصͷѾѰλȫ㶨ˡ
ˣǳȥɡ
ռϼܣȪݽ
ɫӰѸٽ紫ͻ
ͬʱشõģ

еڲһεط˱仯
еĸȻһɫԺӡ
ԺӵϷһҶд߸֣Ȫݡ
ȪݵſиƵˢˢǲǮģֻˢԺ¼ݣȿǽȪԺ󣬲ŻݽݵȪƷֺʱֱӿ۳á
ˢԱ߻һʯƷ˵ƩȪȪȪԵĲͬȪۡ


96 Ԫعκ
, ̹ȡ
ɽȵһΧַïҶƬ֮䳣лɫ, ·˲ҽӽҲнӽ, ڸ߲Ƭɽ
ʱ, ʹһЩ, ˵ɽס֣û߳ȥģǱүү̳ˣʵȾɫʡ
ڵүԸڸѰ֮ʱϱ, Ҳͷûν, ЩҲµ, ĵأȻγһԴԴڵر, й¶Ĳ࣬Χľɽ谭, ɵӰ͸Сˡ֮, Ĳľһ̶ȵı죬ӦĻͬʱҲ˶á
λү˹ȥ鿴, , ٻȥڶصϢ, Թ鿴һ, ȷ
ܿйٱפ, ѻ̹ʽչ¡

̹ȸ
һ˳ߵĸߴꡭϸȥòδѣֻܳƵǸɡѾߴ˶˿һƵҩˮһ顣
ȻȻƳһָѪͿĨŻϡ
ֻСģû
һŲͬѪˣ
ԭŸò湫ӣòݣѰӶе֮⣬ֻŲѾԵø˲ͬ
ҡͷ˵֪ĹеĶ棬ѪܲǺ¡
湫Ѿָ˽Ԫعκ裬Ԫع׽ȡ֡
κΪõԪع÷ǳ죬յĺѪҲࡣЩѪѾϡ͵ܵˣϾ䱾ȼ̫ߣѹҲǺǿġѪκڻ۵öˣѪҲմȾһ˿εѹСѪ¶Ժ󣬻̹Ķﶼ᱾ܵزҽӽ
ЧԪعڻʹҩҪǿϺܶࡣ
κתϴ
ȴ룬һѪʲôֻҪܱܶ˼£ȫѪɶʹá
Ԫع֪ģ˵ҲҲͲ˵ˣǼǵҪʱʱһκڵ״ֻҪϢȵʱ򣬾κȥһݺѪӡ
̹ȡ
Ԫعòҵģܸĵط
ģ̹ȵĶԴֳ

黹ҪӰǰ˵Ԫعκͬ£ɽһѲ飬ŷصúĶԴ뼸ֲͬĶ桢ݵȣǳϲá
ϲùϲãҲЩ涾ݵȼĺֻܵͣкĶ涾ƷģûƷûƷĶУҲһЩԺ⣬ֲ
ǵ缶̫ͣڷչԽԽ죬Ԫعһ߻ĸȥǾûֻױ˺ԵصطͼչɫƷһ˶ȺǸѡɫĵЧ

ȺھһĿǰòһĴ׹Ԫʢ¶ҪһʥŮ빬ܶǷġ
Ԫʢ̫ˣȺʷĻＸʮĸϵ壬ϸѡʥŮ൱һεܲ죬ҪϵģҲȺ಻µˡΪԼûʵҪȢŮǳʵȺ˵൱ڸ˼һƣȻָ˼ұ˵죬Сţ
֪
ȺǴ׹Ҳѹ裬ʮ˺ϼƺϼƣʥŮĴֱӴ˲׹ˡ
´Ҿ鿪ʼȺҲһֱûɽֱˣ˼˼˳¸ʱ

˵ԪعҪԪʢʹͬˣȺԼѡɫ˲򹤣ǸԷӵģںҪȺǱߵȻҲӡ
Ǳ߿ǵԪع׹Ĺϵر׽ǴŹʥּһģɴɳʥŮ֮µһˣ츳ܸߵʥŮʧܵһкüḻĹš
Щ˹Ժ˻̹²оܿó˲ٳɹ˺üֻĹ൱Ľӽһ׵ĶҺ
ԪعĶҺĹ˲ʱܵһ෨ҡûǺôſϼˣù󣬾һŰ׿κ衣
ԪعͰκ迴ñ˸ҪˣκǴߵģʵҲߣ˵ҲͬҪĿŰ־ֻκ衣
ĿǰĴûʲôֿ˺Щ˵ģſòҪκ軥Ժ󣬲л׬෨ңǺõԴ
κõԪعİ׿ԺҲΪʲôһôָǴŪôõҩҺ֪ˣҩҺȻſ¶Ҫ1һεİ˽׺Ѫ
УԼõİ׿Ѿľºò׻۵ʲ
κһʼԪعľģ֮࣬ˡ
ȻȻģԼԼǸ׽Ĺϵˣԭ𾴰֮⣬˺ܶ׺񣬶ԪعҲӹġ
һУԪعּɡ
Ϊٶܵ㷨ңɴ⸽סˡ
Ҳûʲô׵ģһôܣô谮ϾǹӣڹĶӣԼӶǲ֪ģ֪ҲѹšǿľͲģƽʱܳ裬ؼʱ̲ԽӴмҵ
ԣԪعκ͹ٱ̹סûʲôرżгἰʱ˵˾ȥľ͸⡣
ʵϵԪع̹еԴֵߵЩֳΪмԱǣ֧֣ĿǰѾЩΡ
Ȼԭ˶ЩԴĿǰѾһС뻻ɷˣʣµЩҪ۲졢֡ɳչ
ƶүҲƶ

κ˲ָϵѪתǸССĴھѸٻָˡմӰóһСƿŨ΢ߵĺѪ׼ҸԡͰͻȻ䣬ſĲ
ʶģκ迴Ԫع
Ԫعͬſ̧ٻſ壬˵Ӧˡ
κȻյõſһ࣬ҲԪعĽˣǺԪعһӦô졣
˿̣ߵԪعԱߣѧŶԷҲٻſ塣
ǣ岢ŷһ
ǲܿԷģ˫ҳһģҲܺܺùͨ
Ѹٷ֣Ʒİһµ
ռ䡿
ʲôռ䣿
Ϊ˵Ԫعκ趼ûףһ㿪Ʒܡ
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Ԫعռ䣬üͷ
ڵκҲһЩĬԪعĲԾСʵ򣿡
Ԫعһ˵ͷƷ˵Ǻܿõġ
κ˼š
Ҳ֪Լĵȼˣ0͵ģҵµĴҪ׹磬ôҪгڷչӪҲҪǿֵ
ĿǰĵعкܶĹıʿǿ󹦷ÿ˶Ŀ飬Ҳ˽ݺѪصȨ
ĿǰЩʿʵȲţʱû֮ء
ھһ⣬ⲿֵǲױ¶ģܹиصĵطǣռǸѡռŨҲȶһЩŵıʿ棬һһֲϡݣʱ䳤ˣӸܳΪǴ׹һӪ
ǻռֲ飬Ժ˵ҵֲĵطǸʱ򣬻ܵľ֮ˡ
κΪԭҲǺܸߵģ͸Ԫعһڿռ󣬾Ŀռʺ϶˷չģʺϵĿͻȺ0硪ߵȼĿˣǵ͹࣬Ҫȶô鷳
ֻǡ
׵ռ䣬۸1ҡ
һ׵ռ䣬۸Ҫ3ҡ
ȻƷƷļ۸
Ԫعüͷչǵ磬̫ƶˡ
κеź¾ͺˣ׿ķҸպռ䡣
ԪعκϣﷴûʲôڵģЦЦ˵˵ģʺڻ࣬ʹʺϵģһҪĸ٣ƵȼĿˣҲܸܿһ
κ裺
Ԫع΢΢һЦſ仯ȥ˵ų˸ƣ˸ŹԸٶƷߵĶҺҪӿ
Ӧȥӽæµˡ
κ͸ԪعһſݵϢ
ȪݣںȪۣƷСЧС۸䡭ӭĿʱУѡȪܡ
Ԫع¿ܣмָȪˮеȤоãȪˮͲĸڲʹ˵ҪȺѪºҲ֢ڼȻѾݹѪˣȪˮôͲôˣܻԡԵȪˮûʲôԵ˵Ҳûʲôõġ
һȪˮԪع࿴ۡ
κҲǿȪۡ
̼Ȫ
˵ˣǸŮʹõ󼡷⡢ŮȪˮ
Ԫع뵽Լá
κ˵£⼸ȥЩ޷ǰ֮Ѱһкֱ֮УܵӦҺת£Ǯƾһռ䡣ֲ֮ҩģ㷨ΪƸʱȥһߣȥȪһ˵ãʶĺѡ
Ԫعû뵽κ跴Ӧô죬˵ô˼
ܺãһκ˫ۣϿ˵Ǿˡ𣬳⣬СģҪΪԴԼԺ磬ǧ;㶼Ҫһ̤ͬУһʱԴҶԣҪ֡
κ⻰һȳӿ
˱ۣ⣬ͷӦ·ģ±Ȼ¡
κҪȥ
ҪʱԪعͬʱռȼߵһռ䣬ȻѾˣ
Ͽ˭ˣʣµƷȷʵֻʣ
κû˿飬ԪعǺ󣬴źܶ˻۹ĸϢһѰҹȥ
һҪռ䣡Ҫõµü֮䣬ǳ

ҲռѸһһǹռĿˣ󣬾Ȼû̫⡣
ߣϡ
˵ϴڶ磬Ǹطǣһ׵ռҲһ׵ģ˵Ҳѿ
λǸΪԭһһܷɿģôʹûй̶ҵûй̶ҵûй̶ҲǸܰ
ôռ̫ߣһռͲͬˡ
ڵʵҲһףպõȼ࣬Ժʵһײˣѵ˿ͶתΪԴ
ͬģĿǰʽ˲٣ԼϣʱȱʲôԴз۳̫Ǽһ嵱ƿںܶ￴úܵռ䣬Ҳһۿúʡ˳¶ѡ
൱ĺˬ󷽡

һͷѸٽУѸռ䣬һö·ɵģķҶ
صԼϸƷ˵һѪڷҶϣǷҶѸѪŻһĨ⣬գۼѾ뵽ĵ֮ڡ
һ˾ͳһƬŨĿռ
û2ǺܸߵģⲻÿطŨȶһߣĿǰڵռĲܱȡ
һ£ٷһ
ԱߵСͦŵģ趼ȫûУһҪʲô죿С൱֣طʢȥһܸо
Ȼҳһ׼ܵһʱĻ֣ǰһȫ˵һⷨǿƲꡭԺѿ̰Ϳۿɼٶ
ϣֱЩȫɳ꣬γһƬĻ
һ˲־ͣڵķҲ˴롣
ţϴһͳһС䳲Ƭ˶
۷䣬ȿֺشӷ䳲ӿȫĻ֮С
ռҪԭ򣬳һЩҪʱȽϳؾ׿ήֲܺ⣬´Ƭ黨۴ۡ
Ͳÿν벻ͬĸԺ󣬶ҪҸû˵ĵطŷȥˣܹõķܸ࣬׬ǮҲܸ࡭

ôǮл󷽵ıϾռҲôһֻˢ¾ˡ
Ҳô⣬ֻĬĬܵ˸ޡ
Ƶ渻
²⣬ʣµռ䣬ԪعǱҪһģǱߣܿҲһ
²ʱȪȥˡ
е죬ٻһˮ
Ҳ֪ʲôˣôȪˣ

ȪźһСոˢ˿
곤׾۽һСС룬˵ĵζҲܽóҾܸԣ
û߽ȥʱиС˹
ǰǸ࣬С괩Ƥ׺Ƥ̿㣬͸ŹɴҰϢһЩѪ˵ġ


97 ؽ
Ȫſ, һۡ
ССüͷס죬е㵣ֹƵģ㲻Ҫһ𣿡
Ƥ, ͷԼˣֻһЩ¹ʱСˤĹ˶, ҡҡͷ˵ð
Ĺ˾е, Ϳҩͺ, 鷳ˣҪȥμӲǶ
ڷȪЧȪۺŸϽһݡ
죺omegaкҪúñƤ, õġ
Ƥͷ˵Ƥܺã̫ˡ
Ҳ, ֪뵽ʲôˡ
㿴ҿ, 꽿סƤ꣺һȥݺ
Ƥе㲻˼, Լֲָͦڵġ
ߺ󣺡Ҳ㡣ҽС, ʲôѽ
Ƥ꽿ָ, ͦ°Ū۵, С˵ҽаס
֣һȪˡ
Сݱ̼ȪȪ, ΪǵԸȪ۾λ, ˮ, һһȪ, ſڿӱ߸Է졣
ڵˮУؿŶԷС˵ġ

磺
Ϊؿ˵˽ȪпֻҪȥ¶Ǵ˵ġڵ粢ûע˲˵⣬ƺܺߵ֪ôģеһѾĸо
ûǴĻ
Ӻǡ١ǸСѧǹʵ׷ߣȻʮ꣬ûϸУ͸ȥˣ׷ߣȴǹĲˣں׷ʧܣ֮ȥԼҷСܸ״ǹ׷ܵ·϶˺ܶЦԷǵĲۡ
ǡʷǰ¡ܣִ⺷ǻͷ峤ĶӣոһſΪ˵ڽĲǶܣͷʧһʨ̲׵ĸױʨɱԼҲɸò峤սƷ
ײǸˣʼзڽʨһȨ˽˽ʨ峤ĶӡҲȫĵǹǹڽʨ䲻ӣͰϣճΪ峤׵Ա뿪ʨؽͷ䣬ҲΪͷ鳤ǹбֲи׷£ս
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omegaܵӺͱѹѹԭʼܰףȪŶԷʲô˼ͦ͡ͻȻġ
ѵ˵ǸŮ֮Ƶġֵ飿
΢顣
ӺϾ˧ɿǲϲѧˣſԼҲκŻȥμӽǶҲ˾޴ı䣬˭֪ܲܿϽʨأ
ȵȣĸʲô
ĬĬˮ

³ֵȪݣ˺ܶ˵ע⣬ϼ۸ܱˣڲҲأòٿ˶Ըȥһ¡
Ȼ󲿷ֿˣֻˣ󣬰ﵱ˳ĵطǿȱԴһû¹һСʱȪʶѣЩãֻǽ
⼸Ҳûš
ԴӿЩͬȼֲѡ˺ģֵǸ˫ҩ԰
еٮٮߣܹ׹ǵ
Сǧ͸㵽ıǾԲ˷ѵġ
ǣ԰һССĽ䣬רֲ
ǽĸǼѨʢһ
ϵͳ翪ں
λڲͬ뷨һɫӰٿȻԱߡ
û٣ȷʵиˡڸ
ڣɫӰ˵
糯ЦЦһָǿͰֻһС֦٣ӵġǤ˵۳100ңעȥ
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һָССȥ
ɲǼ䣬һȵѸٴָŷֱӽ֮ڣ·Ĺٿ̳Ժ󣬺ܿ쳤һ塣ͬʱ˵ǿǺ÷֦زסƵģͻȻ
ķӦܿ죬ɲǣͱһ֣õɫӰ
ϼܰɡ
ɫӰ΢΢ͷʧˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ժĳ궥ˣһССĺۡ
µ
100ǲģҲûҪǵô
ԸڲӰǰȡһЩ֦Ǥ塣
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ֻչ֦Ук֦ܶٿضϿγ㼸ʮС֦ಡȫǤڸϡ
ٷԸһۼ󷨣ܳϵغӽ׵
ɫӰõģ
ХУһƬ֦ĸǲϵš
ЩȻǱȲϷģûϵܱڱٶҪϺܶࡪͬڣĹעϵͳı£ûһ֦Ǥʧܣȫð˼Ƭ̵Ҷӣе֦Ҳ˺ü磬еĻС磬ӹɣ״̬á
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ܺãĻ˶ãӦþͻµ졣
Ǹʱ򡭡
˵ϵͳǵãҩ԰ﷲǳӻԶؿήġ߳ԼήЩʱԶժɡϲϼܹҡ
ɫӰõģ
ҩ԰ӵĲͬ첻ͬĻһЩֲܵǷ꣬ܳƬ
ԿЩΪرķǧҩ԰ﻷƵĵطһС԰ӣԺȫֲҲҩ԰·Сҩ԰ȫ֧Щֲ󡭡
æЩΪϵͳ˺ܶѡ
ȥͨЩչ롣
̧ۣڹļϡ
⼸룬ڼǰո
ˣԺܾõСᰡ
۰Ѫ80Σÿк1-5Ʋȡ
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ؼ絶ϻؼתħԪͬƷ׹242
ͷЩ룬е΢
ûʲôͨģһһͬ⡣
ۿǸһµƯᰣд˽
߽е̣ٳʱſѾ27000ҡ
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ǲѣһ־͸㵽ô෨ҡ
Ѹٲ鿴ȷԺı΢ˡ
Ҳ֪ôģ80Ѫ80ӯĻ壬ѪֻһģǺͨȽϱԵĻԶף5Ƶģǻڳ˵Щˡ
ڻԶûȨ㳯Ұʱ80εĳͽӺͻʵлˣҲ֪˶˼
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Ȩƻ㹻ڣᰶǸʲô˵˻ʵȥ֣޵ôࡣȻԪعڵĴ׹£ԪعĴֺ֧ɣڻʼڿѡʵģᰲУؼֵֻܼһ࣬ȲԪعѾбˡ
ЩҪ۸еָ֡
ز鿴ط֣Щֵһûҵ
ͺˣ
᰷һȥ粨мֵ˵׼ŶԷܻһ˹Ʒʱ˵űϡû뵽ǣλ۵˲࣬ȫʲôöװ׺޹һҲûС
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絭˵ؽĻѾٻأȥҸʬιʳؽȫҾͰĻ롣ڴ֮ǰȶ¹
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翴λڻҲڲסһ½ĽҲѸΪʲôƷΪʲôô˲죬ᰵΪʲôɢ˵ġ
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룬
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˵ЩģȻȥ۸ЩȴòĹҲܷ޹ôַô࣬αҪֻ֣Ҫٸһ飬ȷЩеħͷǷʲôѪȻͲ꼰κһ׵ˡ
Ե᰾ȻǸɸɾûҵġ
ϸһҵҲûУҲ˵ûͬģٲʲôöΪøİ˲ԼӲԼƵġµǣԭľδ´УһЩʿҲ˲ٷ꣬игģεб˳ָ㶨ˣĺüٴҲ񡭡
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ҪǷҪ˵ֻܸпһΰ󡭡ˡ
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ͬʱүүϵĻգۼɺһС߷ֿ¶˯Ӱ
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ؽûüǰĹӰûüλ֮ΪʲôҪԼʱ͸оһɼ·һƮƮĹűԷȡȥֱԷ֪ĸطôһ
תԺؽоԼܳأƤҲܳء
صĸоͺԼһ
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ıȻԸˣؽǾģҲǽֻ28꣬ǺˣڻҪС
ȻҲһЩܸıԴٹܵģֻһѡ
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Ȼؽ㲻׷ʲôһ׵ġ
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ĸһ᰻˾޴ľ֪ٴۡ
ؽȥ˷ѷңҲἱᰵʲôֻ뱧һͱ׺꣬ϣܹ»ָǰǡ
ϧǣһ⣬֮顣
һ׹⣬ٿؽؽǰ
[һ죬һȥ졣]
[ؽǷԸİ׿ΪеĿˣ]
ͬ׹⣬ٿȻʲôæ˵ſ
ؽһ͸ſ
Ȼ֪ʲôӲŸŪһſҲɲṼ
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һ룬׹û壬ꡣ
ܸоԼſ˽ܵϵҲ֪ſϢ΢΢͡һʱûȫϢȴ״ҲпеһԱˡ
ؽһ§§ᰡ
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98 ٻүү
˺һ, ؽŸ˵ԼʵǩԼ£԰̹, ҲᰣԼִص, һֱûҡ
ȻᰵɫȴٿرòҰס
, Լڽʲô
Ȼڵ֪ԸѾֶΣҲſڽίķʽ֪ԼΪһֱһж, ʱͿĿ
ۿͲ˵Ͼǲһġ
ᰲԾ
ؽ˵ĽӲ, Ȼ׶Է뷨, ΢̾, ӵøЩ
ܵ, ᰲŴӿֻﾪ, ̷Ӧû, ϧġʶ뵽, Ӧüϧ, ýֶ֪ΣҲ, ýǹ, ǧĲ, ý, ֻҪн, ͻĸԸ, һӽ
Ὺڣᰵ𣿡
ؽֲ̧ڵĴ֣ĳֻࡣ
һ˲ٶƣһƬ

ϽΪ˶ؽ㹻ŵˣСʱǾѵĹ¶̵գͬͬ˯ĬǸؽһģõʮֻؽļҽΪգԡšТ¡Ϊ
ʮҽϽؽͬĹؽӲǵūһȥֵ֮飬֮Ҳ֮ͬ塣
ؽ󣬼ҽôǸ̰ϷᰣǻᰵᰲؽλݶȢšǵģǲ֪ǼٵģԺ㱧в̵µһ֡
ҽΪҪôűˣû뵽ǣͻȻһ᰾ͱˣЩøӼЩͣЩֵֹġ
ͷԵͬʱҽǻֻܱᰣҲûʲô˼ʲôᰶǺ֮֮ȥһҲνʲôʱֻʵʱ򱣻ᰵİȫͺá
Ͼʼûѽ˵ӡ
Ȼĳһ죬ҽͻȻټ
ȻټǾͲ᲻ȥǼ˷׷뿪ĸλѸٵؾۼ᰾סլᰴһҡ
Ȼʮλҽ㤵ط֣һ쳣Ϥ˳ǵǰ
ǵĬѣͬʱһëͬʱһ뷨
թʬˣ
ǵģʬʱ򣬲ûǲؼҼҽΪǶضڽϣȻһ仰ȥ½ʬ壬Ҳø߶ֻͣٶȸ
ں֪£ҽͻأΪȥüͻȻվǰǶӵϤȣѹͲϴܲŵ
Ȼ󣬼ҽǾϤǰɤӴźһģһЦ⣬Ǵ˸к
òˣǡ
ҽǵɴۣ
˵ıҲǰһģһҡ

һҺ²ס
ԭˣǰЩ¶ΪƷĳ͢Ϊν̰ߡȽλ˿ġҲĻˣԭڲǰõһ˰ѽʬڳ᰽ָͬ£ΪΪ˵õŬ
е£᰺ؽû
֮ǰ᰸ʮҽ֮жٸңҲҽǶԽǾĵġֻһӵеʱܰǣɵҲſʱ֪ʮҽȻǽõİ֡
Ȼҽ֪дںּʶ᰺ؽһſٻ֮඼ϲãڿᰵʱҲв
ؽȻǶ᰸Ĺۣᰵν뷨ΣɼȻˣҲ͸ˡ
֮һպ¡
ѾĽ̹ȴǰϧ£Ҳתһʱôģ¶Щͬ
ʱҲ飺ſƼľ飬һʣһ෨ңȰѾһԭԺ֮ᷢ¡
ؽţҲͬ˵ġ
ڿᰵĴºѾᰱϻۺ֪ܶ࣬ԼȻóսϵ£ɶڳõȴ治תࡣ
ڵѾǸһҵĽˣ׬ģҲҪΪ᰺úõػȥٲ뿴ôģ
ʮλҽǵĽûӣᰣҲûΣôҲͻǰһᰵķԸɡ
΢΢һЦüۼ˵㡣
¾Ժǿվ·ʽԱڻø档˶٣˵֪̫ƽһｫ
ؽЦݣҲƶɶݡ
ЦЦǡָʮҽȸǶһʵĹܹԺ㹻ˣ͸ſһȥ硣
ҺͽҲԶһ𡣡
ؽĳá
ʮҽҲǵһοᰣҲ˼ʱûȥŽ֮飬ڶλϸм֮࣬ҲɲһҪҸϱͷ

᰺ؽǱ߰žˣȴǰһſʮ˸ˣһƬ˼;С
ЩŮᰳ۵ҵġֱָ֡׵㣬дǸаģǱɵαӡ
еһòȻģĳι״һ㡣
Ȼⶼص㡣
صǣЩƷôأܾܲôţǵʱȻŰɣѲùǳԺɣҵĲ
ԥһǰЩķ
ϵͳǣǵʱ䡣
ɫӰٴγߣõģ
ֻɫӰָһĹʮ˸¶ֵġ֡ٿȻƽǵһ㱡Ƶģ˳˯֮С
Ķǵʱֹͣһֱ̣п˰²ʼãʱŻתϵͳıǣǽᱻƣûɣҲ޷ܾǵ˵Ҫ
絽׻ǲ˼仰
ϵͳһϲҵԭ򣬸Ʒʹ˵
ɱ޹ģֹ˶ǵ˺ɱ¾
ǶֶεģֹͬͬĸпֶζԴǡ
˵ġҲֶֹͬϡ
ɨһЩˡ
֮ʲôͲֹ˶ʲôûġͽСʵưɡ
ɫӰ˳ӵˡ
Ǿôһգ۵ʱ䣬еġ֡ʧˣϵͳһС
ƷǷϼܣɫӰѯʡ
ƲƲ죺׵ģɣ300500800
ɫӰõģ
Ȼ۲ΪЩҵļһתȥүүǱߡ
ϹôһֻһŹӾ͹ģһûУͺͺֱ̫ˡ
ڿԽԽ࣬ⷽҪŪүүô߶˵ƷҲʱڡƷһġ
°ͣøȥ

˼ħʦ֮ǰִԴһħѧ˵ûɣ겻ɢҹҹǻķʦС
Ӵˣʦ鲼Ҳûҵټ
һ죬ȥ
ججģ֪Լһֱ˼ʲô⣬ȴôҲ벻˼ʲôؿںƿһ󶴣ÿһ춼ɭķ洩󣬿ɻʲôҲ벻ÿʱÿ̵ؼ尾š
ͻȻ䣬һʵĹδǰ
·һںһ֡
˶£
ͬ׵һ˲ѹһ̣еʶˡ
Լͽ˶£硢ˮϵȫ˼ģվ綥˵ĴħʦҲһλħѧߡ
ҲԼΪѧ˵Ѫ
ףǰһλ֪Ժη
ͬģҲļɵ;衪λδ֪ʵȻǿ͸ġ
ʹΪ²ܷӳ㹻ʵħѹڣλʱȴҲ᲻𷴿˼
Ƕôؿ°
һΪĽɫѯʣ𾴵ʲôΪЧ͵𣿡
ŹƺЦһȻ󣬻Ǵ
˶ǷԸǩԼԱйӶΪۣΪʥϵĽߣԼϸһ
һ룬ǰͳһƤֽ
سƤֽϿȥɲǼ䣬Ϣӿ뵽Ѹٵؽšϣǵٵϲ
Ϣȫպ󣬰ۣһ˵ΰ֮΢İԸǩԼĿ
׾شһӡǣƤֽǩԼ֡
Ӵˣλ2ħ绹ڵѧʶࡢħߵİ˼ħʦ鰢˶£ͳΪүүϵĵڶŻ

ŹΣȻ硣
ϵͳѾѰǿҺʵʶɸѡûҵĲܹڱѡķΧ֮ڡ
ϵͳˣ˳ժ˰˶¡
һоޱרעʱӦʮֶϽ飬˼󣬻Ǹүүȡһѧ
ϾҲ˭֪ǣ
ѧǡʥ
ӴˣϵƷҲиˡ
ʥܱүүбƸǣ
˵ˣԺϹŵĲкܶүүк̣ܶ˵дСù岮ʲôģе㸴ӵӡ

׻ǸӣݺᣬѧϴͻͽѹһʱԸӣϲϷ˼䣬ŹŮΪ㵹򻨴йƬҶմһֱꡭʵҲͻƵʱ
һ죬֪ѶУЩġгģʱҲһн٣Ҫֹ֪˼꣬ľǿߣǲܸ伮ص
׵ݺᣬͬҺһϣųеķ˽֮Сһ̣ңңһӴ磬ǣǸ粢ûж򿪴š
׻շ籩飬ԾȣҲֻʶعѡ
û֪ʶڣǸеˣ˿ƮɢµѪꡣ
֪׻Ҳʧˡ
׻ʧǷ˺ü꣬˶룬׻޷ɹôǡǵĺˣ˭ܳɹأ
ֱչעյһУշɹ
ҲӴ˵ġ
׻ʶĴǰʹõһϣû취Իʱƣջǽɢˡ
ɢʱ䣬ǷŲǰãǵʶûˣǼ̳У˺ܳһʱ䡣
ڵİ׻Ѿˡ
ޱߵļįΪ˲裬ϵػԼǰ£˺ܶྫԼѧѧУõ˸ķţԴ˺ü书ǧ֮ӡ
ûĻһѧʶɢʱҲɢ
ƫƫ
ⷢˡ
һŹΣٿȻǰ
׻һη龰ɵõȲѯʡ
ǸˣЦڡ
ǣһֱ治ɤڰ׻
׻ԸǩԼԱйӶΪۣΪʥϵĽߣԼȿһ
һ̿ǰھ棬Ϣ
ԭ»Ļ
ǵٴ
ڵһӽʱѣûܼʱǸ繲˷ʧܡ
׻񼸺̰ԾϵϢ
ԭΪ²ֻǻԵɺϣԭǸҪҲǸ2磬ڣٵǿԵ̨ף
׻ǸģʹҪܵ㹻ķҲףѾ콵ˣûʲôܵģ
ԸǩԼһл죡

һСѧéɽǰóʬʦƳʬںʵʱ򽻸ʵͽͽΪˡ
ԺȴԼûгɣΪϾѾˣֻ¾ǻʶ硪𻯵ЩѾΪʶȫʧɢ¾Ĵ
СﲢôʧǰһƬ徻ȴͻȻִ
ֺףһ죬Ҳøǰһôͳŵʱ¾˼䣬ҲһԼʬʬһߡ
ǾʬΪͽëСƵıʬëС᲻ͬźһúõذڼ
ЩԼĸˣкܶཹ
ֻһʬѣôʬأȻ˱ʬôܲȥʶڣʬֻǶѣԸⰮͽûкʵʬá
Сǣ֪ΪʲôͻȻһ죬ëС߾ͶϢǿʬȫܿǵֻ֪ǰëСնħССﾡܵģĻο
һ죬ʹν١
Сڲµԭ򣬲ˬǩԼ
룺ǰ׷ˣһʦͽˣҲطһ졣

紩ںü磬Щ0ǲеģΪѳҳʶЩ0йڵģǿΪˣҲʶ壬ûֵرٻҹļֵ
Ҫǰ12磬ĿǰٻүүԣʥǴ֪ʶģǸԵʵǰҲǸĶ塭֮һ
ȥǸ弶磬ҵ˺üѡͬиǩԼ
һͨæµүүǰʱȻٻеδҲãĿǰүүǵҲ๻ˡ
ȥһ޴ľǰƬ֦ϣÿһƬĸҵȵĻ
ϸĻȻҲϹ˵˶۰ɣҲ쵽Ƶġ


99 ʥ-ʥ
ܹʮŻ, һ׵Ĺ3ţ׵Ĺ3ţ׵Ĺ4š
⣬Ծ, үүҲ˿ϼܵʱˡ
˵⡰үүǵĶۡ
ϵͳһ¡
һʥһ2, һ60, һ600, ʮ4800ңһ3ҡ
ʥһ4ңһ120, һ1200, ʮ9600, 4.5򡣡
ʥһ40ңһ1200ңһ1.2ʮ9.6򣬰45, ǧ270򡣡
үүֻҪүүϾһֱţͬĿ˵ȼһҲһָҲÿ˶˳˳һֱĵزϵͳҲʱû˺ö
СǧĿǶҲһԵһˣʱ䵽ǡ
һ, үүǵҲм޵ģôʲôôԺ, ڿп˶붼ܳүүʵˡүүǳ˯ڻʱûĵҲû˼ά, ҪԼǮԼ, ҲѧϰĿܣ֪ʶĺȡҲǽԼǰѹ׵󣬾ûˡ
ȻˣүүҲֹṩ֪ʶһ;
ЩʶǴԼǰ۵ģҲ֣ܳүү۸ǣԼǿԸ̸۸ǩЭģЭ鷶ΧͰǵֻṩ֪ʶҲṩһ̶ȵı
ϵͳЭҲעƷ˵ҼǵпŹǻѪħģʶŴѪѺ󻹿ʹ׵ʵ
ħȻħȴûҵ
Ϊ˶źħͷĴǸˣŵʱǸħģҲɹٳǡѪ£ЩԴȫߣһ˶ûСû¾д˵ĳǳأҲûиʲôȺܽһƬ˵¡
𿴺ܶħ൱ײУҲΧһ棬ħͷŵʱպձܶ˲ܣϾȻһЩܾĴܶɾ
ĿǰдڵĿУʱûֻѧħģλĴж벻ȤħʵǿڵǸĳ·
ԭ˼Ȧ˵ÿѡүүʱҪԼүүͨ˫ѡ񡣵үүͬȥԺ󣬿죬ȷ˫ദʱûгͻȻҪģλ˵Ȩһ˻үү˶ľųɣڶ˻˶İ˳ɣ˶߳ɡĴλٻǲ˵ġ˵⣬˶٣ȻҾÿûôģػϡѡ񲻺ʵүү˻һ֣˾ûүүȨ˳ſһ굽겻ȡ
ɫӰվԣÿ˵ʲôԱͷʾ¡
˵һͨүүϵƷҪͳ۷ʽµĲʱɫӰſڻӦõģ
ʶϵͳԸԸǵʱûʲôģϵͳԻһӰԱߵʱе㲻˼ǲ̫ˣ
ɫӰش𣺡ûУ
Ц҆¾С
ɫӰͷ
˵ƷѾŪˣھʽϼܰɡҪԺʲô׵ĵطʱٲȥ
õģ
ɫӰͷӦʱȴкʣúܿɰ

Ʒٴʾ
ʮͬпУ󲿷ֶӵʾ̲סǴ˫֣ƷϢ
ðУ
ʥ-ʥ衿
ʥʥ裿
ʵںİʱ˿Ƿ׷״Ʒϸ鿴Ʒ
֮ǶǴˣʱƷıʡ
ſܽΪ
ʦ֪ʶ⡢֡ɡ

磬ฮסլ
м齣һһλߴӣϴߣ˿ģѪϢȴֱһλѪǿߡ
ӵĻ§Ÿһµ꣬òü̬ٶԵúģü۹μȴżй¶һ˿ֱѸڹȥ
Ǹˣ˭֪ӾĽؽأڳˣ˭ţλ§ŵ꣬һֶ֮βƺûи滤ͳͳ죿
˴˿̸Կǰգʲô˿Ķ
ؽµɫЩŹֵġ
ǿҲǩԼĵط
ֻûʽʼѾˡ
֪Է򵽵׾𣬿»ú˼ᰰϷ¥ŵʱؽؽϷ¥һǮǮؽԺ󣬾᰷Ŭܷңؽ
ҲԼϵ֪ҽĵطΪں˵ؽܸ͸¶ǩԼľݣȴǿ˵ġ
ʱᰲҽϢеͣΪΪɻϣЩѱ棬æԿο
ؽ˿οõĽˡ
ʵϣΪԼϾʲôģҪǡֲһˡ
ǩԼʱʥǽүүġ
ʱؽܲΪʲô֣һĶᰵļϣҲû룬ƷϼܣүүĳʥٿȻЩ΢
ֵ˼ǡԭʵڲɣ
ΪԭҪǸ֣
ԼԼ䣬ؽûλЩ׻ûҼȥ
û˵ʲôҲ׼˵ˡйأǲҪƱȽϺá
ʥԶʥɡ
ؽ߰뷨תʾȥʥµĻб˵㿴һ׻ʺڵǡ
᰿Լ塣
ȷʵһһ׻д˻ƣһ׻񡱵ӡ
˵׻һһ׸磬ǵﵽյĳ̶ȣΪһ׶ǿߣֻһ֮ûɶ׵ԭǸλǿӵǿ츳ѧϰԴ书ѧʱľǲ׳ʶҲܷḻʵսҲǿ
˱ѧʶԨ⣬ҲּܳΣֺαڵĻҪЭ飬֧һЩҹʥʶ塣
ǰһؽһ𣬺ΪؽȻǸؽؽͬΪпԺҰľǸĽһ磬ǵԶԶһ
ΪĿģ᰿ܽʮҽΪ֣ԺҲһȥ磬Ȼ뷨ôʵǱҪġ
ǲģ书ؼȻ࣬ǵļֵͿԿкܶĲ㡣
ҽǱָΪĻͲ̫ˣؽȻҲǸѧ˺ܶգԾĵطսһλɫĽǶĸ֡
ʱ˵۳ɳļܲüǿʵӲŸҪؽʮҽҪӸʵսܣᰱ뷨УʺϵĹģԼһǿϸָأ
Ҫǿǿ̫ˣһۿǵȱ㣬ȴһܴӻϾ͸İɰ׻ͬڵֻȲ߳һָضиİؽ˵̫̰ף׻ʵѡˡ
ң۸Ҳǲġ
˵һһλǿģһķý600ңʵǺʺˡʹҪһЩķ֧ҪġеΣպ٣ʮҽ޷ӦĳҲ٣֧δػá
ôٻ㲻
᰿׻ϣؽһЦͷ˵۹⻹ôãλȷʵʺǵġ
ؽ֪ᰶ࿴Ѿת˺ܶⷽ뷨±Ҫƺܶ࣬ȴǺܸˡ
Ϊһӣ˭Ըİ֮ĽԼԼأᰵĿޣԽá
ؽ§ý˽˵ʥҪԤԼǼʱģԤԼںܶ0綼ã0֮ܶ࣬ǰҪͬ粻٣֮ǰ򶯰
ؽ˳ͷһж
˵䣬ؽתȥһʷҡ
ؽûоöӣֻ룬׬Ǯϵ£ҪᰵģԺԼлܵõ׬ҵĻᣬ׬Ҳ᰷䣬˸׵Щ
ؽڰ׻ĸҳ·ύԤԼ롣
ֻȰ׻ͬ⣬Ϳǰʥڵĵطˡ

½մӱչѹŷƷİ˺üֲͬƷ
ȾͰڡռ䡱ϡ
ҳ棬½淢Ǹһ׵ռѾߣʣµ׿ռ䣬Լ˵ûʲôõġ
˵ȴͬ
뵽⣬½Ͻ飬ȥǷ˽Ϣ
֮󣬹Ȼеġ
[½ҿռ䣬ǲһȽϺã]
[ڣڱչ]
[ȸ]
Ϣ½΢΢˿
ЩϢʱ䲻ڼСʱǰôڻظӦҲü
[½ĳѾչسˡ]
[½ĳռϢѾ۸㰺󣬶˵Ի̡ܵ]
[½ĳ࣬ͬҪ౦ĿӦò٣ҲȷǷʱķ㹻Ǿ繺Ϊá]
[½ĳͷķǷȱȽһЩתҲɡ]
½ظϢܿ죬Ǳ߻ظϢ졣
[½˰̫ˣء]
[׵˼ҲǾ˵ֻҪңܶණԸˡ]
[׻˵Ժǿ϶Ҫȥ磬δܸϽŲôôһطУܹȥġ]
[½ҲôĶ԰ɣ]
[½ĳǵģ񲮸˵]
[ǮͲˣﻹأǮǻͦģûϵռҪȥ½Ҫ]
[½ĳҸһɡ]
[̫ˣ½Ͻſڼ]
[½ĳõġ]
һԻ½Դһҵȡſ֮ţһ̤˽ȥ
һߣҲϽߡ
ǣеĴſڣ½ȳˡ
Ȼ޵Ĺλϵһվԡ
˸߲ң½磡ڿԽһˣ
½泯ЦЦӦͬк񲮸
ͬк
˴λõſһУ½һ£д¿˿ܹϵȴȥռ䡣
ǰ·һ˺ܿ
ǱҲõʾ
Ʒ-ռ䣬۳1
üһɨȻϣ߾ա

ͬһʱ̣յطӵκõԼõſʾһ͵¿еռ˹ֻʣһˣ
ҵ飬ŻϢ𹦷Լ֮ǰ˽һѸǸ˵ҩĳֵɽȥ
һҪ죡һҪ´㹺ռķң
Ԫعͬע⵽ˡ
üͷ΢壬κҲõʾЩǡ
ռȻҪκҪϣκ費Ҫ̫ղźá
ԥԪعκ跢ȥ˽ġ
[ԪعȫΪϣˡ]
ϣκ΢еʱܿ˽ġ
ͬʱҲµʥϵƷҲĻеȤǶ˵ͲҪˣңһʱ̻ҪȰѷڸҪĵط
ʥʦԺɡ

˳ռԺ½աûмŻȥѾǺϤĹϵˣر½գÿһԺ󣬹ǻụһĺٸԻȥġ
һΣҲһѡ
˴һ𿴵ģȻҲƷʥ顣
˵ǲôҪʥġ
ʵȽպ񣬶˵ԶԶʦָԼĵزһ׶׵ľͿˣ׵Ѿˣ½ĿǰǶ׵ǿߣǵĹϵܺãǲϧָġ
½ԼΪ˺ܶ裬ĿǰѾ߳Լһ·ڶʵ׶ΣʱҪ˵ָ㣬ȼߡٽͻƵʱŻҪǿ߸߲εľ硣
ȵǸʱ½ڵݲ׵ģõͻƣʱһλǿ߸ʱ͹ˡ۷嶼ûٻء
ԣҲоһʥ飬࿴ѡ
½Ŀ⣬һŶ׻ϣüͷ΢塣
ղ̬Сʵ½磬ôˣ
½˵λʥЩ졣
ҲԼ壬ҵ½˵ĺֵǸ
ʥҶԪʦǰʵڣóʦУӵоַ
룺½ǰҲõʦĴС
½ԡҶԪֻ죬ǿԷʦʱһ䣬Ҳˡ
õǷʦ贫ҶԪôˣ˵ɸͬķڷŵʱʱ棬˿С
շԼ˵ҶԪǺصģҲᵽôһ涼Լ֮µˣղȡĳɾ͡УʵҲϧģҲڸµĴر


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½ͰʦĴУִҩȫ, ΪչѪѾҪֺʹҩĴ, ԺԼѧ, ˵ûʲôʧλʦСż, кüңԵʣ½ɶʦˡ
Ȼ, ԷʦһЩ, Ҳ, ķ, Ҳʵ֮࣬½ѧһЩ
ڶȻ, ʦҶԪʦʶȻɳΪʥ, ԺиĻ, ˶ͷ
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Сһ
Сƣ
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󣬰׻ƽ飬˰š
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ˣ׻Ӵÿ˵ĳȫ۵ס
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ڰ׻񲻶Լ˵ʱëСƸĶʦСҲ档
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ڻŵʱͰдж˰ͽֻһЩֱôûжĶԽ̵ˣǽӵһЩĹӶҲѧϰһЩʶڻܸͨͽṩҲǿԼ
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ʥǳɹ˼
ڼ䣬½գԼɹ븴ԼĴжʦ裬ҲΪʥ顣
ձû뵽ڽӵ½Ϣ󣬲ſ˹ӶʥǣȻֶһλµʦ½ķ裡
ȻΪ½˵ģߴߴ˵˺һ
һ죬½ԼʦѾϢˣҲԼ룬ҪԼʷ벻Լ翴һ
ӻԥͬԼ

½汻âУվȣͿǰһλվŵһλòʮġòӣأ¶ûʲôΣɸ˵ĸоȴ൱ºͣһְݵʡ
˿̣ӿۿ΢΢졣
½棿
½ǰһ񣺡ʦ
ӡæȥô½棬¡
½ӷĻ̬ȹڶ档
ͬ£ϸϸشԼеӡ
½˵ԷҲѵеڴġ
ΪһŰƽĲǽ̵Ļǰĳǻ⡣
ЩҪôΪ˶ҪôûȴҪΪµֻȻ˺ǻߡһֱߵˣȻһҲûС
½Ҳˣô꣬ѵҪԳĹذ
Ҫģֻû취ӵжѡ
ֱк½㽻ѣҲʶԸ񵥴գͬʶյĸ񡪡ǿǳ
ʵ½棬½̬ȲȫǶԴСҲЩźġ
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ӴоܿǸӵļլһһֻû󱲣Ҳ̫ิӵܰݣûʲô˽ģҲظ飬ΪٴĻȸԾм
ˣʲôΪ˭˭뷨ԿصҲһţΪһ֮ϲΪ˭ȥҾΪ˭ҲˣѾˣʥһΡ
½˵ķ裬ܳΪڴĳ


102 ˣ
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һ½, ȷʵǸӵˣʱϸ괫еӵģһҲû뵽ȥ
ֻ, ȻûʮֿҲ, Ǹʵ, ҲһЩϢѾʼѧϰġеӵʵ, ȻԼ, ȴ, ʷǳá
ЩԼûü̵ӣӾѾΪǧ綥, Щ, Լ, ֻ´Уľһʵ˼öӺ
˺һ, Ϊ, һƬհףſ, һʱȻ벻Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
½ԽȷǸʲôԺЩˣһϴ˵û뵽ټʦڳΪп˺, ͰѴЩȫ, ȡ˲ٷҡټʦ, ӱ, ЩԴ׶ʦģʦԺΪػҲҪЩӦʦʥ֮ĽҪУ룬ͰЩʦţȴչúʦ
Щʵģ½ȷʵǸظˣ˵ȻҪȴԲԴģԼ¼ҹ˵ıǿûõ׳ѷҪһЩġŲʵڵʲռȲܶ࣬·ûʲôŲֻǸϵõһλʦҲæġ
ȴæ֣òãұµľͲ࣬ҳΪʥ飬Ļ֪ռСıˣ
ǵģʥԺ󣬶չƷһЩҲ˽ģ֪Լǵ㴫дǮ
Ϊ½ĻܲеӵˣôӣҪ
½ȷʵĳ⣬ɶ˶١
ܾԺ󣬾Ͷ½˵ҿѾһʱ䣬Щ㣬ҼȻѣ͸취úָ㣬Ҳܶ°
½û뵽λʦģȻĿҵ
ļܳ͸ϰʱЩĶƳܵõķȷʵࡣ⣬ҸطռͽҲ̵гԺ󣬿ŪһĲҵϸˮܸһЩ̡
½Ҳֶӵˣ֪һԴܱȡ󣬼ʹҲôȻҲҪҸܳ÷չ·С
ʦദòʦƷҲܺãҪҵʥ飬Ըʦһʦͽһҵǿ
תܶȦ½ϻǺܹģֱ˵ιѯʦǷǧСסһʱ䡣
˵䣬ͰŪҵһЩͽҵչҲʦһЩȫȫⶼֱϵĵӵ£ȫԷ̹ϡ
ţ¶ж飺⡢ȻǺܺõġ½桭Ը⣬Ҳᾡ˼ϣҲǿȫȻȥҵͽ̵ͽ֮¾ֻ֮࣬ҲһҿһŵĴеӣʼն㡣
Ϊദˣ½ĳƺҲܱ׾ظ˸ġ
½һʼ̫ϲŴһЩ׽Ҳ𽥾
ЦЦ˵ʦġȥӾͽһҲһҸط٣ʦָ㡣ȵطҲ룬Դɵ̵ͽ֮ʦʦͽЯ֣ܸʦһſʦҲɵˡ
ϸ½ǰ¶ϲõЦݡ

˵Ϊһж½½Ҳܿ͸ǩӶԼľ
ӶݣһΪڡ
¶ʥ飬һҪ1200ң½Ļ٣ֱӳǮ
ͬһʱ̣Ϣʹݵ֮

翴ʥϢü
ϵͳԼһݡ
ߵɫӰ̯ƣֻһ˲䣬ĲϽ֯γһŴа׳ġ
ⲼѸС֣ܽͷһͼ¼Ķ½ͷЭϸڡ
ΪǶʦͽûʲôҲԷ׽ԲûʲôЭ顪ֻҪҪѵ½滹ôʶķ
ѹûԼȥ˻ҪѹեеӣʹڴôƵġͿԿԵӵ˼Ǻܳϵġ
ּȫɺְǲӹ˿һСŻǾ·ļ֤ˡ֮ĸ֣֤м֤ġ
ŲϵͳɣôŲʹУϵͳļ֤ǩɺ·ֶһǳصϢγˡǧ硱֣ǧм֤ҲΪ豾ǧˣһ磬ôҪʥǸһǩС
ЩԺѲ»ɫӰ˵ϵͳǴȥɡ
ɫӰ΢΢ͷҲûôŲʧˡ
翴ˮ
ˮڵĻУƾնһ

ڷʥͬӶͺ½һˡ
Źʮӣһһʥ鶼ȵط֣һ΢кȻһŲٱ󣬰һȫչָǿ
Ѹٿ꣬Ȼ֮ǰõһ·ǩҲ۵ס
Ժ˶֪ԼӦʲô
Լһ˿ʶʶΪʣڲ·ʥȷϡǩԼ֡
ͬģ½ڡȷϡǩ
ǩɲǣͬʱоһεϵǳǿ󣬴пֲԼһΥһܵͷ
Լ֪ĳͷǻᱻ۳ңصĵĳͷ»ʥ/п˵ݡ
ԼȻ˲ġ
ͬʱҲ򵽣ʥ鲻ָܾܾҲǿʥ̵ԼӵеĶطڵôƽ⣬ôͿǩԼˡ
ע˫ûעЩʹҲҪȻһڽ׽󶼿ԸԷдۣΪнкʵٵ޷ɹġ
˶ʥۻÿһʥĸƷҳϣʥԿ˵ۣʥǹʥϡ
һһϹ㻵ԼĿڱ֪
ͬǵ鸴ӣҲԵûӿ꣬һһ֤ƽǿԸһġ
ϾϵͳҲˣǷǳѧġ
Լɹžٴʧ
½ͷ趼֪Ӧȥ֮
Ȼ
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½ͷԼṩϢֱ̧ۡ
һ룬С۴ͳһŻӡǣһ׹⣬ɿسǻӡ档ͬһ룬½ԼڿգâסͻԼ塣
ת½̧ͷͿϿǿŻڷǿû
ӡǣһıǣɷʶƽʱסҪʶôͿͨӡֱӻصԼĻͬʱҲʶӡͬʱػش½⡣
½Ӵӣٵ뿪С
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ӻӡֳؿΧһУЩп
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ҳУ˲һЩ뷨ԼһЩ˼̾
ڿһֵʱ򣬷ź˵ҶԪҪҲţܸһд裬ļһи೤ǰܶ಻ĵطǸҲҵһЩķʽ˵⣬̾˿ʱţһϣһӲಮ٣ⷽ棬ȴˡ
̲ס룬ŵʱ򣬶ٻܵһۣڴҶˣܶණͲҪˡҶԪҲʥ飬ͿֱҼ˼档
ȻԱ½ѯʵʦҶǰȥ롣
⻰ŷӦԼողСİź˵˿ڣȻַӦ˼ɾ죺ҶԪҲʥ飿
½۲ŷı飬ʦüۼϲø࣬Ҳͷ˵֮ǰʥϸλʥʱҶʦ֣ʦȻȻѣ֪Ҳܻʦȥˡ
Ȼԭȳʥ顣Ҳ⣬ЦˣҶԪӲӦЩȵˡֻҪӦӶҲᾡ̵ʱõͽ֮
˵⣬̬ȺƶҶԪ˵㻰ģοڣҶûôʹҪҴţҲ档
½һĻ֪λʦѾھŬΪˣһůʱҲæ˵Ӷлʦı˵꣬ЦЦţʹʦȥҶʦֻҪʦҶʦཻԵӡԺͽԣĪôġ
üչģҶԪҲǶ֮Ҷǰֻֻ󣬿أҲȻ֪ƾһ߲ʲô·ҺΪŵĺܣǶҲġ
½ЦЦʦ˵ǣˡ
½ҶԪ룬رעԼҲǧˡдԼõ˷跽ʦĴС
ҶԪʦҲԼʦģôӦøߡ
½ϹȻûûӺͨˡ
ӡǣҪһȥ
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ʦͽٴʥǰʱԼĻ䣬½򱻾ҶԪڵǿŻ֮ڡ

½û뵽ҶԪȻôߴࡣ
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Զ׼ķǳ
½ô侲ˣҲ˼롣
㶹֮Լ־ãҲ̫֡λҶʦƷǺҪԲųòƺҲ̫ԡ
ʦ˵ǲͬģӿ죬ϵļ̬ûٹϵˣʦһģд
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½˵һꡣ
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ƮƮҪʱһڸ
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׿ӰòǸˣȻǼĴ࣬ƽʱԷϢȴ٣ҡǸʱȷʵҲֻһܸᲢۡ
ҶԪ֮ʹͬ½룬뻹Ǳᵽġԡ򶯣ȥ˳ҲƷЩжٳ
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ҶԪ΢飬˷һۺתͷ½еĻӡ
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ǩԼеҲܿ죬Ѹٵȥ˽ӵǸ磬ΪָӣָԺ󣬵͸ˣڵϽʵʵĦ˰죬ʱܽᾭ飬һͨС͵ȫλĦ
Ȱ׻뿪ʱ򣬽ӵǺúõģȫѾҲһˡ
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߷쪱ȥѸƣĿƼҲ, ǲһϹȥѾ, ڶһҰ׻д衣
ڶ, ׻쪵ȡ
߷վɱ쪻ȥơ
һ, 쪻ǻˡ
׻ʼղķ蹷飬оԽԽҵͷɿĽ, Ц΢΢е㽩Ӳ
ȻҲñǿʽҹ
ֳһƬ׵Ĺ, ׺˼, ׻ڵɫҲ΢΢Ť, Ҳûƽʱҡ̬
쪣쪼ϲ, ʱҲԼ·ˡ
һԵĸ߷۾
ۼ쪵Ѿ˼̹ǵ˺, ͳֻ, ˽ҽĵ绰
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һСʱ󣬰׻쪵սѾȻ˶Щˡӣ׻Ǳɱԡ
÷ǳңǱߵĲ״׻ʱûˡ

ֿԾھܷҧһڵִ
׻ǿǵԼʥ鲻ܿȻնһʽĵκţֱһҪȥ
쪿ЦǰݺһײȻӲһԼȻȭ׻ĺͷ
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׻
׻̲סˣȻһŭļС
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쪻ҲҪÿʱÿ̶˿ĸоȻеܣܵʱٶȸˣٶҲˣ
߷̧󣬿˿ʱ䡣
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ŷӡ˷ӡӡ
һ׻һƬҫ۵Ĺ⡣
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׻ʧԭأһâֱ嵽߷ͬһ˲ǻʧˣ׻ϢҲʧ
쪳һŴû˿
߷忴ȥ㶡
ڡ
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ûͷû磬ûëʲôëûˡ
ͺͺȻ
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жϳʥ׻ʲôԸˣıҲǡֵɡ
⴫һЩϸܵĽŲ߷š
ȻҽƶӴżȲֺ͸ҽƷ˽ѵص̧ͺͺ쪶֮ɨעҩһٶȶ쪵״̬
ûҽƶӣ쪿Ѿˡ
߻ʱǱߵİ׻صԼĻ߷ȻסԼܼǵǹιĸоһ
ʲôķСʲôſӵߣȻҴ
Լʥ壬һĿͻ߷ۡ
߷屾ûʲô⣬ķСòɱ֣ӵһҪע⡣
дЩ׻ڻռ˺üȦ
ǲһ䣺
̵ʱʵǳ죬ǿ֮ġ
˵󣬰׻ְһͷȥ
Ҫһ̬ȥǸһĵӡ

磬ԭ
ԭסһȺѩݺһֺϰڱѩͬʱŴĵ硣Ǻԣѩݺȴ٣һʱڣֻֻѩݺСñѩ͸˫鶯ǵĸתòͬһŰֽһѩ赸ʱ򣬾ͺӡ
ֻѩݺСΪãһѩˣһѩ顣
ѩݺůıֽһǺױȾϲͬɫ
ʮǰѩڿƲסԼ޷˵ر˼䣬ӴҲûл
ѩѩ裬ÿֻܺûпѩݺ飬żѩݺȺİѩӣ֦˯˫㴹䣬ﶯ
ֻǺ˼㣬ңǰʼҲûнӵѩ顭
ȻѩҲǰȥĽ㣬Ҳȥһڵ䡣
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ֻԼҲ׻زȥˣԶ˸õϵֻҲû뵽ҲƲסص
ѩһԸºͣమˣѩ쳣µҲû⡣ֱѩ鱩¶ԼѩݺСݺŻ
ԭиø磬ǸӸ磬ǱѩɱģȻ๼ҲվһߣӸļ͸ѩݺ
ֻʹѩ飬رԭȥѩ鲻⣬ٰղڷѩ˵£Ҳ̼ܵԸ䣬һ𱨳
뱣뱣ѩ飬޺޾ѩˣӸȫҶˣѩţǻزȥˡ
ѩص˱ԭѩӣӸɵ˸ˣѩݺҲ취յһһѻȫˡ
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µʮ󣬻ǵڽӴΣȢ˸С檣˺üӡ
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ԶԶĳƬѩɽСһСѨһȥϺ컷ĳߡӦýСߣſ
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ڿռһЩкôĵرڱǣθγŨˢȫ
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С߲һѩûǡ
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ԥ³һƿħҩƿƿǣʼš
ҩĿٻӷѩݺȺм䣬Ϣɫζ
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С߳³һӣβɨһɨеѩݺɨ˽ȥ
ѩݺó質ʵĻѩݺСԸɣϻۣʤκηѡ
ÿһֻѩݺ۸5ҡ
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Сͷ
һѩӣûѩݺǵı󣬷ܲͨ඼׾ƷȴͣǶ׶ҩġ
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һ룬СߵٿȻ󣬳ΪһˮͰô֡ʮ׳ĴߣȻβɣȻôһΡ
𣬱С߾Ϊˡ
ȻȻûþͨ롣
ԺСͷķңִﵽһ
ԥµڶκѪ
ţǸϴһ򵽺Ѫ̽һš
ȵһκѪɣͻٴηЩ飬ϸ֦ĩҵܹ㵽ֵĵر

յһȺѩݺһߴѩӣ
Сģ΢˿飬еŹ֡
ûøСϸģֽ㵽Ǯˡ
Ŀˣ绹Ǻܻӭġ
λʱûʲô£˵Щ׼ݺ͹۹ȻʣС߶ˡ
ǾͲõıģھⶼٲǮʱΪܲϱǿҲڿ˼ȥ·ӸǮġ
翴źѪٴμ٣°͡
ѪĺԼ۱ߵƷԴȻֲһ棬ɵ׻ǻԽԽٵġ
ϵͳҼŵȺѪʮεʱһ
Ǹʱ취ӹͨͨ
ɫӰվԱߴӦ
΢΢е㷢㶡˵λúӣȻǿѪģоеֵֹġ

ҶԪ½صǧΪиҵĴ㣬½ֱԼȥͽˣλʦСżһѺõд衣
һдǺü죬˴ӵͼƷʽһдһۣʵĽԺ󣬾ͼ¼
¼õĲӷֳɺüǴӻи߼ȥ΢ǺܺõĽ̲ģܹ½ͽԺ̽ѧϰٶĥԼ
ҶԪҲͬɣűʼǲӵĲγɣҲһںϡͽǺѧϰģһಹȫ֪ʶˣͬʱѧԺֻҪƵҲ֮
Ҳ񽻵λʦ֮ĬҪ飬Ѿ˶Ƕʵľ
ˣ½ĸ˻ʱ򣬾Ͳط֡
鷿ǳġ̲ġѾλʦʮ

׻Լôغ̾˴ĲޣҲҪԼʱ䣬סؽСϵĻ벼硣
Ȼؽʸ쪲ͬǶԷòȴͬһģȽӲʣһʼؽӡ󲻻İ׻񣬿ؽ쪣Ͳɵе
ؽ
ڼ׻󣬻ȥ͸һµľǲܰ׻ǸʲôԸģȡԭ򡪡׻ʦҲıֻҪϺúָվУķӦ͵ѵҽǵĶˡ
׻֪ؽ뷨ؽ벼ֱӾһװεŵլӣвͬΧڵ֡
һ㡣
ܿ죬һλõòӭϴЦݣȴһ˿Ѱ˿⣬͸һ˿ìܣǸ൱ڵˡ
׻񿴼ˣֺһ㡣
ֻǣ˵߲ûϣѸסؽǵͻΪ飬Щ죬ַӦ˴žؽİ¡
룬еİ£׻˻͸࣬󣬾ؽظֺһ㡣
Ȼ˹ҽܣ׻ദò
׼ø衪ûϯʥԲ˶׻ò
ипֱⲼ磬صǰƵģΪ˵ϲá
ҽǷֱݼ԰׻̬Ⱥ𾴡
׻û̫仯ûԡ
ȵڶԺ󡭡
׻ʽϸڣʼһָҽǵա
ҽһֱ̬ȣ׻һһ۵ģʱЩȤζȻôȤζҽɺࡣ
׻񣺡
аɣࡣ
ڽܶҽǽָʱ̿棬԰׻һָյȫգ԰׻̬ʼշǳء
׻ÿһͣأ׻̵ʱ٬أ׻ŪЩǵ£ǻء
׻񣬰׻Ҫˡ
ķΧһԺ󣬰׻ȥᰡ
ؽһ
ؽڿľĻ˱ɣױ㶨ؽһСᰵһСˮгС飬һϸµιᰡ
׻񣺡


104 λʥ
ְ׻ĵ, ؽӭӣڻһʱҲû̷ӦֻǸرȭ
ᰲŷƵ, ؽϥ, ѯʣǰʲôԸǲסòϰߣʲôҪ, ǰֻ
׻һ, ܾǹ֪
ˣҲû˵ʲôˡ
ȻһЦҪǰ˵, ǰ̵Ⱥʵ࣬ǰЩʱ˵̼ͷϰ, ѾСɣҲ׸ǰһֱۡ磬輼ȲϽ磬ǰҪ
׻룬תá
ǰİ׻Ҳ¥, ҲܰϧЩɼĹеļӶԵõ׻Ϊʱɫļͷ, ǰ׻ĺ֪
ǰĺţµֻʣ»ܼľɫ, ²ܸһ̸Ū£һ¹ȥҲܻġ
ȴ˵ֻͲҲû˼, ǰ, ֧һ, ǰʹ¶ΣҲܵȤ
⻰а׻ˡ
֮ǰЩıȫɢٿᰵʱ򣬾̹˺ܶࡣ
ȻҲɵ˵ܱŻأ̶ȸߣϱǹӶϵҲзִ硭ҲͿزˡ
ȻǼºǣϵ

Ȱ׻ߺؽЩĵģᰣŪǰŭ𣿡
˵ؽĻȻЦǰ֪ģǡ˵ǰͷǲѹһѹӣҽǿҪ̻ˡҾĽ̵輧ǰǰҷҲЩСƽˡ
𿴰׻񻹺ģɲʢ⣬ʱһٶˣ˵ʵʵĳߡԸЩػǿġ
ͬвͬദʽ۲λ׻ǰͳҪôǸٰϧˣҪôȤ˳ϻ̳Ͽַǰġȥð׻ϧôͽƫ涺ŪһҲ͡Ȥˡ
ԼڣҲ°׻ָ㡣ʹĳʧܣ׻û̵ڰ׻Լı£Ҳѯʹʲô似ʣԺ󣬰׻Ǳݹ似úָǵġԣΪʲôأ
ؽ;ʱᰵȻ˵ˣʹӦ
ͺãҪϵģֻ˵
¶һ۵Цݡ
л
ؽ˸ڷʧЦһʲôлġ

ԪԪŻһ˸طóԼر׼ľʣڽš
ʱŷԼſϢſйĸ¡
ڽʱԪΪ˳ԪУִһͨй󣬰ĺôòˣ˾;ûµʱһɽҵʵطʹУֱӵ
ԪڳԹһĺô󣬶Դ˱ʾͬ
ֱ׵ԭǣ֪ʺСүĥֵġ
ڰʱԪȻҲĸԸԪд裬֪Ǹ᲻ֵģֵĥ£ѹûʲôôֻǰСүϤʽѡֻҪôһңôͿ۳һʺСүĶ֣Сү̶ҲǿԼڵģһоܲסˣͿ̽ͣԱ߿ŵʱүƽһҪӣԶ׼Чʻ
ԪҲôġ
ͬ᲻öԪ֣Ԫһд裬û취ԪԼһȥΪԪſĵطˣԪû취ģԪҲܽˣǶܻǿԪ֪һҲǾ԰ȫģͿԳˡ
ҡ
ԪһһүԪŵǰȷʵӰģԪſǱһ棬ǱΪҲ롣
ԪӦÿȫʵʱֻʣԪŲŻãǺúõչģŻʹ뿪ԪңҲܹúõġ
Թ
Ԫ֪ԪڼһʱĲ͵㿪ſµĲ֣һһϸ˹ȥ
ĸ£ʥ
ʥ顭
Ԫ뵽ʥ˼ǸԪʦ
뷨ԼǲҪʲôʦģʲʵҲУʹʦԱָ㣬ôҲ󡪡˵ʦûԪŶġԪžͲͬˣԪŵݺᣬǸ˵һֱûָĹˣɿƾԼ鷳һָʦٶȾԸ죡
ԪʵһֱԭмɵȻΪпˣȷԼԪŶû˾ԵΣգɶԭں
ĴԪףǧҲܼԪŲֻֿҪ뵽ԼôɱԪſʬʱǶôΪ˸ǹ˶ôôʹ࣬ƥʵͺ޲ðԭʬΣ
Ԫûп¶ͷһζ⣬ǶǸԭ
ֻףҪϧڵ϶ԶԷ˵ļɵŸԪԶ룬ȱסǵ
Ĩ˰ԪڿԳʥУϸѡ
ĿǰԪŬ硪ҲǶʵŬͻƶ֮ǰǲҪʦָģôʥ飬Ӧ׵ġ
׵ʥλŮħ
ħԪ˵ûʥĶûҵģôжϿɵĴڣһײ߻ƽʲô
Ԫһȥ
һλɱߵŮӣҶ壬ۿĽܣĹ黯Ϊ󰮣һַǳ˲ķšֻҲΪǸţһУûκһǶصġ
Ǹ£λҶǰһλ˷ĽľɫŮģȸжɢ㲩ů⣬ҲǴźЦݣ֮䣬Ըκ˰ûмƽϣû˽ģûκεƫ
ˣû˻ʹǰĽҲоءԪˣٲܸһʱУһĹֱȻǰȥݣɼġ
ֻǣԪԺźػҳ档
û취ֻ˵λҶǰĹԺᲩ£κ˶⣬;ԲʺԪŵʦԪŲģҲԪţʹֻʥָ㣬ԷĴУԸ϶ǲϵġ
Ը񲻺ϣǰ̹Ҳ˳ģûҪˡ
Ԫ󿴵ڶλ
һλޡ
ջһԽϣǰľҲǲ׳ԼĽνպաĽһǳأǳˣ˵ĽֻҪŲţͻ÷˳ǣĿǳֲ˳ǣǳҲûκһˡ
λǰһսǿдսƫƫǴû˼κһ޹û˿ҵ
Ǻܿϧ
óȻǽԪҲѪλõʦȻԪŸѧʹھҲùɶ˵ֻҪõУԽûгģҪλʥǰʦԪģλʦ̫ˣ˵ΪԪŲƴŴӴɢΣգԪôһ
ȻԪλʥ顣
һλǸó黭֮ģϡ
ǰһ飬ӵйˣͬʱӵУһʱһλÿθһλһʱҵͶעԼеĸ飬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôôģλ˻ǻΪԵȥ
еزˣеಡȥеĸ̫Һȥе˱еȻమ꣬ƫƫ̫նȥ
ǰֻǷһͨó黭ѧһ㣬ƫƫԸºƣ黭˲ǮڼҾһ㡣ж»Լδӣ˻ˡ
Ƣã˻˻飬黭Զߣ˵һֿԺɪӲԺ黭еıģȻһֵⷲ˾ô̤֮ѸٵسΪ˸֡
ٺһΰһˣǸûһΣȻͻˣּˣ˱ѺʹһΣǶθͻˣٴֿ֮ˡ
λǰԣһλֿһҲÿһʱʧȥ˾ɣʹΪǿߣ۲ɣûסκһˡ
Ȼ˱඼Ǹమģ̫öѡ
ǰʼаʱҲû˾ˣһůĸ飬Ժ󡭡Ըʥ飬ţʶһλܹమʥһλеĿˣһеıӻ£Ҳܵõİˡ
Ԫ󣺡
ͬλǰҲλǰǺܺദġ
ãλǰҲ뱻һλ鹲п˹Ӷλ˳Ϊ֪һԪŴû취
Ҫǡ
Ԫţó黭߲һ
λǰóսߵߴԺƾһܰбΧ鰮޷԰Σֻһ˦ȥŨҵסöָû취ѡ
ķţǰҲᡭ
Ԫһλ
һλҲǿУΨһһλħˡ
ǰûֻ֣һţлѪħ
ħһˣΪû˼޹ûҵͨĹħܶʽ쳣Ķ˵ƢҲϲŭ޳ģƽʱؾͨͷ·ϵʱҲżᱻϴɷˡ
һʵ󣬶ѷ˵ϣںǵͷںŹƽҲкܶߴܵʱ򲻹˼Χ㿴ͷ·ǴܵҲ㲻˷Ҳں
ȻЩ˶ħɵˡ
ħõʱ򣬸ɵЩ˵ֶξһ㣬һʹ죻鲻õʱֱӴѪȴûҲǳ£ر⣬ͻֱӰ˴ȥسȡǡ
ʱԪǲħϲŭ޳е΢
κһλִп֪Ԫĸо¾ͻԪһõڹ͡ħʵɡ
Ԫ¿
ѪħһպգνҪΧƻӵˡֻϧķȱݣﲻߵĲΣ㣬ҲǴﵽļޣջնˡ
ԼĹʶһֱûɢ
˵Ѫħħʷ൱һΪħµħͷ̫ˣܶ඼·ϣλǽġܻ޵ġ
ܲ
λʥĽܣԪڻѪħҳϾ˺ܾá
ǰλȫʵģֻλħǰҲԡ
Ĳͬ籾ڿħϺ󣬾ʣʦǲСʱûʹѧϰħԪ˵ħǿԽ̵һЩġ
ԭʧȥԪԪŸԣħҲû̫ˡ
ĵǾСү£СүˣЩڸү·ϸ˳ЩҲһ
Ԫŵۻûνħ֮ʲôͽʲô
Ѫħֶβпᣬʵ޷ֻͨͣҪǰôʵҲԳΪʦûǷһ¹һЩ۵Ĺ۵㣬ħ˼룬Լû
ԪĵڣħΨһԽ̵ģħ̵ԪԺԪŻΪĶܵýܵĶȻ־ԪŶǿӦǲħ̫Ӱ졭
е벻ˡ
ԥԥȥԪ̾׻ȸá
ˣԼҲ㲻ףǵԪųԺ󣬸Ԫ˵
ԪԱߵƷϡ
ˡʥƼһĿش򿪹ۿ顣
һԪǳ˳顣
ԭԼõʥ飬ܹнƼ𡭡
Ԫ鲻ԽأԪŵǷݻԵ
ԵһźܸߵȵĹøԪźʵģȻлԵ»Եˡ
λ»Եǰһ㣬ԷǳǿԵĹһƲģƲԺӲʵθߵĽסֻϧƹԺ󣬱ԪҲûˣҲûüͻƵףĽ۷塣
ԵһԪŵԪŷ
һʵʺԪŵʦӦλǰŶԡ
ô
֮룬λǰ꣬Ϊʥϵʥ飬ٹӶ̵ԪĹô
ֻǣٻĽʥ飬۸Զ׼Ĳ͡
Ԫһʱᡣ
˿Լſ壬ʣķĲˣҪԪǻҪһЩĵر
Ԫ˼ڤʱһߴӰǰ
ϤϢӽԪ˲ϳˡ
̧ͷȻޱ飬͸ǵԪš
ԪſԪ󣺡үôˣ
Ԫ̾ͳһӣԪԼԱ£㿴Щ
ԪŷٶȱԪˣԺ󣬾֪үΪʲô⸱ˡ
Լ뷨
ͲӶǰҲ룬ܵõſԵܴ󣬾ܡҲԵĶ顣ȥȥɽһˣɱһЩԴһǰʶɡ
ǰʶڣʹѶ㣬Ҳû顣ʺңƿ̽Ӷǰʶˣ͹Ӷħǰ
ħǰֶΣѧһѧ
ԪԪô˵ֱӵͷǾɡ


105 
Ȼ, ԪžͣԪһȥǵ磬ɽæµһӡΪʵ, Ҳ, ԺܿԵ㹻, ˼ǧ, һΪõʽ
ѸλĽǿʶ롣
еЧǺܿ, ܿõ˴𸴡
ź, ʧˡ
Ԫû뵽Ԫ͸û뵽, æյԪߣʵԪţʧܵԭʲô˵𣿡
˿Լ, Ԫü˵ǰʶѾǳ΢, ҪǿԵģʧԭ⡣оܾ֣ǰûдﵽҪ󡣡
Ԫһ, ȻӦҵ
Ԫŵͷе飬˵ǰƲŹʱ˲ͬ˻֤úܶȥߵĻҵгѾ, кܶûнķ, ͬͲͬԱ, Ϊ֤ǰĲ
ʱԪžͺҲͬп˿Է, ҪΪ˸λ˱ǵĲƲܡүûܣȴһҲԵʧԭϸڡ
λǰȷʵԸ߾ǸǳɫˣԷþ룬ôǿԼϵġ
Ȼǡ
ǰԼﵽԺŵõʱͷʼͱϵԼķţһϵЩľȣû취ݡ
ܽһ¶ߣӲͬطץͬ͡ʵ˻ͨķ˿ʼٵսģһ׶׵ġ
ǰɸѡܷ˻ߣ˾ҷģжеģҪǲͬЩ˲󣬵ԼѾҵʵķȴûƷʱͲôˡ
ٺֻƷٽƷСϵɸѡ
ٺΪҪ֤һЩ²⣬ûʳڵĺͯҲᲶ׽µǣԺй۲졭
λĽǿ߻˺ܶ꣬ΪĹ˺˺ܶ޹
ϵҵһɫĹ⣬޷ΣҲܳΪʥ顣
һкԪظү˵˸ţȴЩơ
ΪЩߣҲöǰָʲôɲò˵ʱȷʵҪһЩԼʹүⲻκˣڿǰľ󣬻̲ס﷢ëоһ⡣
ԪҲɵҲԪϸڣ֪ǱҪԪŸҲû׷ʡ
ֻ˵ԪţӦô죿
Ԫ˼Ժ˵û취ǰҲΣеĹؾǹأҲҪءû취ǰعˣͷȥǰֱһ±л⡣˵⣬˵Լ뷨ǻǰ˼ϣԺ󣬾ȥŸѪǰͨϣԸָһʱ䡣
Ԫе㵣ģԺʵģʥ鲻࣬Ҫ˻Ѫǰô죿
Ԫҡͷ˵ûϵģʱ仹ܳǰһʱûҾ͵һȣ׵֮Ҫʱ䲻̣ǰпҲ٣ҿԳûеԴʵҵľ磬ǰˣ°빦
Ԫͷúе
˾ô˵ˡ
ǻԼһֱ𵽲ͬޡ
ԪҪԼľ硪ϾƽʱѾĥԼˣԪ˼۶ָԼдϡ
Ԫǰֵһͷޡ
޵Ϣǳ׺ſ֮䣬кܶˮʣ¶̰ʳԪ˶βɨʱ绢ХצץƷգۼҧԪԴҪһҧ
Ԫæ㿪ǱǰȻòãԪŵıҲûԹٿ࣬˷Ӧ˲ĹôĹʱĶɺܳٶۡ
Ѿսʱöˡ
Ԫ˵ҪľɱٶͶ֣޶ȵؿѧᱣ˵Լ˵ļɡҪް׳κ׺ݵĵʱڱԷѹȵԷ
ûʲôʵսܴʹ˽ˡ
ˣ۵ʱԪ󼸺ÿ۳־ͻᱻԷצŪˣʹѸɫҰףԺƾͻȬ޸Ϣʱ䣬һεҧ
أͣ˵ʱ䶼ǹս𽥻ָֻˣս಻ϵʹжȹ
ȻʹԪסˡ
ÿ뿪ңǵЩ˿ʹȫʧԼľҲȫָԺ󡣵ȳȥԺԴԪŵ̬үְԪŶû뵽үȻôľģǿ޶ԿԼʹࡣ
Ԫ󽥽ϰߺ󣬵ûʲô
Ԫĵطܹ࣬ʲôأѾܲˣԴʣҲþӦУͨˣôõĻƴҪôܻøã
ȻǼܵģҲһ˻óá
Ժ󶼿ԪŸţ𣬶ˢһˢƷǺ޵ģԺи棬ɿҲ࡭Ҫʱˣָô죿
Ԫϲ֣ܶˡ
ԲԪһ˵ġ
Ԫšʵ̫ˡ
ԣԪڷһ߶㿪צԺһ۳һӾͳͷ߸Ծ޸˹ȥ
ڿתһлǸһ˿ڣһУβӺɨһֱıӣ
ԪѾ뵽ˣٴתӲԾնյض㿪˱ӣǱӵľɨʹ˳ƴ˸ǽǡ
еʧոһʱûյѣȻͲֻǸ޻һ˿ˣǻֱʿĶӣֱӰɵ
ڣԪҪԵһͷΪ˶׺ޡ
Ҳǵһˡ
ٴһ߶һѰһĻᡣ

ƷƳԺ˺һӣüʥ鶼˳ȥˣҲвʥ黹ʱֻڻ
ѾˣһʱжֵͦġҲϵͳŹ۲һʥǸദоҲͦġ
С
ۼʱûˣͷԸϵͳעڸƷѣʲôҪģ͸ѡ
Լ
һԵĶ֣һӰ
ѾϰˣֺʺѸ۾񣬼ע
Ȼһ룬ԷѾǰ
ٵȻؾۼĽŵףϱظһ㣬Щļӳ£ԷͬʱҲˣûʲô·ڸ˶սʱȻķӦ磬ѾԷ̽ʽײʮΡ
ڽ
˭ûͣ£ͬʱתһҹ֣ٴνӽֵʽڵֿ֮仯ĲӰǵٶȼ죬ʱһͬһ׵Ķǰ¸ǵʽҲǵײ˶ٴΡ
Ӻͽˡ
·ѪΣԤ۳һѱУѸٽгϷһ̡һԤףֹȻҲ۳һУҸѿѾţ
ҲҺ۵ıϴ̳ˣǡøԷȵֱӰѶֵıײһϴ죡
ֳˡ
ϣ𹥻
ıɢɫĹâۣܲûзκ죬ĽǶȼ죬켣Ҳ׽͸Ӳֱַͬͻ̣ɶȴܹԤƵģܻڲϵغˣÿĹܱò˵š
ΪӶڶϸܣϸܵᱻе壬ԼĶĤдʹ
ԽԽһƬˣЩ˷·ҲΪ˹ʹﵽײ
ͻȻ䣬ԽԽ࣬ײԺ󣬷һ
Ĵ˾޴ɱҲ·ӰڻཻĶѸߵҲʱ򣬱Ƶм䴩˹ȥûиκ˺
翿ǽǣǰıը΢顣
ٸһµ
ܺãĵֻʣ°ˡ
վڶǽߣûκؿ
̧ͷӡ
Ȼڰ֣͵ɡ
ǣʧˡ
һƨڵϣ˼ڴ
ôԵһ۳Ķ֣Ҳôע
ûˣϢһϥ¡
ϵͳɣҷų
ʽĸı䣬սݲйһָ״̬ɾ࣬ͬʱռҲСʺϵ̬
ŨĻʱӯڷת֮󣬷·ǱƵģسĵӿȥ
ĵǸ·ƵСڵ̰ɻ
ͷ·Զ֪һ
ԼתͬʱҲһͷ
ʵԶˣȴﵽԺͿԽһѶԼĻ
ԪϵͳǵıûκܹݻҶо޴ӳɣҲм
ȻԼڸ˽սʱʱû۳ʹãʱҪģҲҪ̫һ񲻼УͻɢˣұûʲôӳãǷʹöѡ
ɻͲͬˣһɹֱٻУǿսãѹҪά֡
ԣѡһԼõ˳ֵı챾
һʱҸдʱʶ۲ͬıսֻǽֹĿǰȻмȽ˳֣ȴû˳ֵǸ
ѡˡɺ绹ҪĥϣšԪͻϵĹУҵĽսʽһ׵Ķս
Դⲻá
һѡʧܡ
ʱ绹ڶףҲ˵Ҳǰɢ´УʵѾĽߣôʱѵö࣬ҪĥϵʱҲ
Ҳǰ֮ġ
ӵǰϵͳļᾧһΪԭѰҴ˷˴ʱ䡣µǣһ֮ûﵽŽ׾ˣĴʧҲһҪأһѡʧܺɢˣʱ̫ˣȥĥĥȥ⣬ֻзҲΪΨһһû
ˣɶд裬໻һЩೢԸʮٴΣѡ
룺ǿҲĥ󿳲񹤰ɡ

ֹ죬κҵ˲Դ˳ܹ˷ңתԪع
Ԫعκ˿ںͷ׵ɫüͷ
ѵκûĻúչԼ֪κôʱ䶼Ϊܱռ䣬ôΪľ͹ָأ
һʱ䣬үȻ˵
κ迴Ԫعѿɫ¶Цݣ£Ȱѿռ°ɡ
Ԫعκ˼֪һΪûʱκ⣬ֻܱ˱ۣһ䣺ҵš
Ȼʹ֮ţǰС
ռ䣬֮ô֮˵
κĿԪعʧ󣬴Լ壬Ʒ֣ǽʣһռ䣬Ⱥ
ûյʱ䣬ǼƷʧˡ
κ΢ɡ
ȻյʱԪع֮߳Ѿ˳һռˡ
κ㡣
ܶԵбڵµġ𷣡֮¡

ȥԺ󣬻ȻԼ˺Щˡ
ٻػõļ䣬ʱҲ
ûзʲô£ø˼άദǺƽģѧҵҲû¡
ʱԪҲûʲôģվά
ǻԼԼԪǱûʲôԣɶԼ˵Ӽ濴ԵԪĲˣԼԵԪĲˣǻǲһġģģµĻеΣô춼ü˸Ԫദ뻹ͦԲѵġ
뵽⣬ӷ˳ȥ
쵽ʱԪôǱ߳һҪʼˡ
糯Ԫ¶һЦݡ
Ԫ΢΢һ٣Ϻ
һϺߣ
ԪҲһ˿Ц⣺š
˵Ԫתߡ
Ͻ˹ȥһС
ڰѾˣЩûԪϰߣҪθôپٲˡ
ÿÿΪѵжҲ⣬ѾϵޣգգۣҲ𣿡
ԪͷҪϺҲ
ԼͦûԵԪĲˣеü𣿡
Ԫٵͷü
ţԪŪˮѹӸϣ
ָڹϻ˼ʣ֪ʲôֶΣԸоٶƺӿ˺üѾеζˡ
һ֡
ҲǣԪֶοŪ
Ȼ˶û죬ԪʼˣҲСĵԼĥ֣ٶȿʼϺˡ
ԺѾϺüСˣŪϺԪ˹ȥ
ҲûţÿոʢҲѸٹػ𣬰ѾõĹ˵뻧԰ȥ
æ꣬ϺҲˣԪ˹ȥ
Ԫٴβһ뷨
ԪҲΪеĿ˰


106 ճ
Ѿϰ߸Ԫͬͬ, ʱȴԼһˡϵͳɫӰԱҲһȥ, ϾԪһ
Ԫĺ, ǿ̬һ͸طˣҲǸرĬ, ҪԪҲſ, ƽʱԳȥͬ, ͸˼𣿺οԪջôãڿ»пڸɡ
ֻǣһ뵽ֻҪԪΪ, ԪǰͻΪ͸, ԪĹȥͳͳΣԪ̬Ҳøһ, ;òڡ
Ժ, Ƿ, ɴӴԪͲƽȶԻˡԪԼ֪˵Ǹо׵ġ
뵽, ̾˿

羣ϡпܵδɩӡһ
ҲſܵõԴ, ڻûǰͿǵ, ⷽ浹Ҳû, Ҫǳ˿, ԡʱҲҪ񡭡Ҳ̫ռǵıˡ
Ͼ, ʹ硰ɩоͷ, ǲԶ, һһԵ֣Ǻϧǵġʱ˽ȥŪһЩö͸ǡ
˼ȥĻͦġ
ʲô̫ԣҪȻ룬ɡ
緢ʱԪǱѾûûĿӼһֻϺŽѣҪˡ
ع񣬷Եؼһš
˻ǰζŨóˣ
ٿԪž׼Ǹرദģ
̲ס룬ԪҪܸһ𡭡
˲ˡ
ԼԪһȥɢ
ǰЩͨûôɢͦʱûԪһˣãպÿһ
ԪȻӦ
˺ܿųȥһʩʩȻ¥¡
һһģܿһ֮ǰԪദĸо
Ԫʱʱͷ˵õʱͻȻڣ캮ˡ
һȻӦ
ʱû
ʵҲô졣
ҪֻǸͨĴѧƻһѧڵʱת˲ǡ
ѧæµ̶̼ʱѾеĿܴһֳ׼ٺʵƷдˡ
ɫƷм
ԵĿǰĻʱÿأ
һѧڹȥ˺üƵġ
ԪҲΪ˸пʱÿ졣
һ仰ǣҪĩˡ
գգۣô¡
ѵԪ˵ĩҪŬҿƣҿǲڵģרҵҲû̫ѣⷽѹĿγ̻Ҳȥˣ֪ʶȫ̹ӱǰ̫ˣ׾ڻͨ
ȻԪȴ˵Ժʲôţ
磺

ϸԪո˵ļ仰һ룬еΡ
ոԪ˵һ仰תһȦʵתùˣԪֻԺʲôţڼʲôţ
룬ʵǻؼ磬Ǵڵ۶
˹ϵ𽥺úܶԺ󣬴Ҷ˴˵ļͥҲһ˽⣬ţСܶǵ۶еˣƽʱסȷżڼŻȥԪϺʮ߸ʮߵƫԶСǡǸԺģԪ˵ǱͷںüǰͷѾȥˡ
ҲԵʣԪȻ˵۶͸ɴ඼ڵ۶˷ӣһǾѧУԶ룬ҲͰڵ۶ġ
Ҫûǰʵ绹ͦԪסģѾˣźԺ϶øסһȥ
ֻͦ᲻Ԫġ
Ԫ˵ȥڵ۶
۾΢΢ˣҪסҸԱǱط̫ˣһȥסɣҪǿappʲôˣҲһ𡣡
Ԫ˶١
һѣԥʲô
Ԫ˵סס
Цʲô׵ģܲÿװɣ
Ԫ淴ûÿ졣
΢飺Ҳ˶١
ͻȻתˡ
Ͻתô˵ˣڼҲûʲô£ҹȥҸǲһֲѧƽҪϰġ㲻ȥסϰʱһڼҲ̫ˡ
Ԫԥţ˼Ļ
ǰߣ˾ͱˣҹȥ⣬ǻһпվ͸¡ҶϰˣҸһҲǶڼңҲδغҵĿζкãҺٶˡ
Ԫߣ۾˵ұ˵ҵֱӴ绰ŵġ
粻ЦˣǺαأֱӸ߰ɡ˵⣬̲ס˵һ䣬㹻ǡ
Ԫ۾šһ
磺Ҳ㹻ǰɣ
Ԫš䣬Ҳǡ
Цøˡ
˾˵˺ٵг̣û죬Ȼĩ
ԼһƿԵĿ˵ѣҪһҲû©ЩҪģԼһЩרҵģҲ֪еķ֪ĸȥͬش˳
ȫԺֱСĴɳϣһԪӳ˳ϴõˮݸһߺһ𿴵ӡ
ûú½߽ϵı鶼һѾ
ҪݵĻǾ˰ɡ
СȻģһ۳ԪʱĽʺˡ
˵Ҳ̫˰ɡָСеģر㣬ˮкˣһɵģԪ׼İɣ
˵ǰզˣ
СܣûզôҲ˼
ˣ˭Ԫأϵܸܵġ
СĽҪˣɱֱû취ֻܱͷһСɳ꣬˶ֳ޿ʡ
ңġ
Ϊѧڵ¶࣬һһѧϰһߺϱӵһ߻о¼ĺæææȥģѧϰе㵢󡭡ѾŬˣκηԺϤ͸İĲ֪᲻ҿơ
翴СܵķӦһתҲµԷԭˣͦͬġ
ϵŨȸԺֱӴŪ߼ĶӰɣ˵ҵĵرרҵѧӵġ
ǱԪҲ˿ڣˮС
Сһ㶣Ȼ͵ֱȥûӶ˳һӲݮϲ̵س
öˣֺǺǵ˵Ԫ˼
һ
СܺٺЦˡ
ãţˡ
Ҳûã˵һͨԼ뿼֮󣬲ԪѾȥˮˣԻŲϢûȸԼŪο
һܣͬǺ
ҪСܲӣ˵ѧҲһһǮAʵˮƽ߻㡣ԼѧϰҲûôģԿҲȻġ
˿̣ڷֳﻹи׼һ̺ܳӾ͡뼷ţСܵԱߡ
û취ĿǰɳϣһԵĵɳԪˣһߵ˫ɳСܺţܲλеȻҪȥѹͬ޵Ŀռ䡣
Զ׼ءȥ
Ԫվܹȥ
Ƶسǿ
ͼԪվԺ˴ɳĽ䣬˳Ļ̌Լϡ
Ԫ̫˳͸˺ܶƵģ綼ûܼʱӦ˸ǿĿɿڴ֪ԪĹϵҲ̫˰ɣ
㶺һûǺ
Ԫ˱ˮ
æ˼ڣһԪҲûղš
ҽŲɣ
ûѬԪɣҪѬˣǾˣ
Ԫ˵ûУ㡣
Ĩ˰죬ӣǷ
ʵϸ룬ȷʵû£֮ʲôҪǶԪԪһŽҲе񱣬еɶ
СǼعҲûʲô
ֻǰɡôԵĶԪ
סһѧڣѼһҲͦˣйͬܣ˵ϵȻ֮Ҫ׽Ҳ죬Ա˴˵ԸͬǸ˽ġ
һʼԪϵãͬͬʵͦģԪǴ鵽Ķ
׸˽磬ȻƽʱЦͦҲ̫˽ġԪ
ʱԺǲŷ֣ʹԪ䵭ֻҪ׳ŵȥģҲֺܸ߰˰ˣ硭Ƕ˧ģڰû˾ͺԡոֱӺɳϣǸүɣûۿ
ҲԪô⡣
ôģλоǴУƽ˲һֻҲ
ţ񾭣ʲôҲ롣
Сܵ뷨ϣһ뷨ϲһ棬ôÿҲټ
£Ԫ磬Ǵ⻹տذɣʵֵҪԵȲӣܶϵĿɲֻ
ǡ
Ƕãѹʶûþͺó

ԺǷż٣һ˸ͣҲ͸ˡ
Уſڣϵ͵ؿ
ԪһϳҲ֣Ϊͽӵ׵ܵĵ绰˵ҪѺԪһסһ档
Ͳ²ǲǸԼһ㰵أֲȷʱʱ־òô¶ҲͲϹˡ
ô˵رϲԪһģԼҲԼʱæܵһٺò
ԣϲû֣Ԫʾ˻ӭ
ԪҲϴк
һ߿һ˵ٵ۶ͦģůѾˣĺ·ɣȥ̳׼Ҿӵģ
ͦϲָĵգҲ˵Ǿȥ£ʡûȥһٳճɴĺ·Ҳˣʡ鷳
˵Ļȥưɡ
֣òţЩҶӾͦõģӦǿҪԺǵóϯʲô棬ȥҲƽͰƽ
ҲûԵܵܵװָֻţ˵ȥЩԼ۱ȸߵġ
˵С绹ûҹ˾ȥɣʲôʱпȥٰһᣬϰҵϢһ¡
˵㿴Ű죬ǱôôҶġʡ¶ľʡ¶˵ʲôĲǱҪģиʮ׸ص㡣
Ÿˣ¶Ц⡣
˵ҵҲ˵ģỹҪٰ죬ٰ죬Щ˻ΪҲںأŪЩ۶ӳɲ¶ȴܷ˵⣬ЩƣЩǸڹ̣С磬עǱߵˣǸϲľӬȶֲˡ
˵⣬ϵҲ˳
˶žǱߣ־ڲСϣǳ˲⣬ȻûķӦԾҲм˽⣬ûֶβͷˣʲôһи˵ˡ
ûܱõܵܣһҪ
⣬ļ˽˽ŮҲҪ˶øһЩС
ҵĺӴȣ׼Ҳ׼ˣֻʱ죬ҲڼԺͿԸһԾֵ¼ͷҵоѻ
ҧ¾⣬ظ
뵽ʱרעûٸĵܵġ
ԪһֻȥǸappϢ̳кܶԣҲкܶʱµӣĿǰϵչٶҲ˽һ˽⡣
˼ǣС滹ǸСˣͦοͶСֱܵЩЩǼٵģЩԱЩֱӸ˵ˣ˺Щο͵ۣŬǻ¯С
ֻʲôĿԿЩȴʱûҵԼرȤȥһġ
Ҳˣȥȥɡ
ſ˵ʵԽԽߣķ˲ٴʱҪµĻʱһҪͶ뷢չġ
ô뷨Ҳڼ䣬ҸʱٶһЩſ಻ͬ硣
ЩſӦپڰ׿ˣ۳ź쿨ǧĴš
ϾԽԽ࣬ܲǧʼֻаһ
иʵˡ
һڵȼҲԽԽߣԼʵҲץ
٣ٶͻƵףٰѱ
ǸʱʱһķԾ

˫űǰϰѳͣãûȥԼıǸ絽һߡ
ܸɾΪǰѾҼ׵ؽ˴ɨΪĿǰ绹ûҲûдʲô˽ƷҲҪ̫ע˽
󣬲ȣͦ⡣
磬лˡ
ЦЦӦõġȻݸһƬǼ˾ĵ绰֮ʽˣҲˣɨ£ͽԼˡ
ЦŽӹʵûʲôϵҲûɶҪġ˵䣬žϣԪһ𵽿£˿ʣ˸磬û
ҡͷûУǶ˰ɣѾȥˣӾͻ͹
ΪһܣֻҪܵһܺܵرǶʧõĵܵܣǸǺ޲ܶͶˡ
˵Уеɡ
Цˣ㻹ڳӣÿ졣Ԫº͵˵סŲÿ
Ԫͷлл
Цͦ⣺ԪչģԹˣͷ˾
Σ˼Ҳӡ
Ԫ˵û£סѡ
ϲЦ
һСе绰˽
绰˵ǷѾ׼ȫǷ̰͹¡
Ȼ̰š
ȷԺһԷɺڡ
Ծ˵飬ںܶϣˡ


107 ճ2
, ˳ȥһʳһ졣
ͻȻһ£Цʵ磬ôˣ
û뵽ܵͻȻ, ˶١
üˣ
ҡͷûչ
û뵽, 翴˫ˣֻҪ˵˲Ϳ˲𣬶ȥôЩ, ֶѾӹ, ô¶ûأ
һ뵽⣬̲ס嵶ˡ
磺Чеڵ, , 㿪гʱ;أ
ϣ
Ŀڱеۡ
׵ܾܵ׵ܵ, ϶ԵɨҶһ飬ڶ׵ܵܵʱ, Ҳʵʵ˵չԵɡ
̸ֵȻֻһ
Ǿǹ
ǻعľ, һӾľ籾Ӱ籾, еӰ׼, Ӿȴ顣
Ӿǹ, ľ籾ðҲ, ΪϹȻǺܿͽ
淢ӵ, ҲǸͶ̶ѡ
ھ鲻, Ҳõȥ׷ˣԼ߸и, ҪƳϷ, Ҳæ˸찵, ׵ܴܵ绰ʱ䶼ǳģĿǰǸѹϵܲÿ춼ִ绰ɣ
绰ûܶʱ󣬺ò׳ʱȥ̽࣬ҲܴһϷ״̬ǸܾҵˣȻʲôĶŪˣҲ˷ѾԱ뿪
ȻģϺ־ûչ
׶ûСϾòʽҪ׷һ׷ٱףʾĲǣĽǲ㲻롣
Ψһ뷨ǣȸ˺ǰһദܴùϵͬʱҵϾչȡܼԺ˵ĺȡ飬Լ׳׳ڱףȥס
ȥе
ô˵أ
ֱڤڤвɿ赲ɩ̸
̾ҪȻȴˢڿʼɡ
Ҳ֪ҪˢڸУҪôˢ
ָָԼЩ¶㲻ҿԡ
Ϻ棺磿
˵Сֵҿȥ̽࣬Ȼˣ˳»׸磬׸ÿ͹ȥ
ϣ
𣿻еܵǲе
˵Ǹڣ¹أָҲܾһƬ⡣룬˵ˣ˵ЩĻǲ̫ãзҲһ㣬ǶˣƵĻҲԼԶʳ
ԶʳûϵȷʵøúȵúȣҪȥĵӰתҪġ
ϳţǱӪʦġ
Ƕһ١
εؿϣΪ˰Ѻ
صǲǶһ𣿡ҡҡͷص
ϻȻô¡
ȷǹֵģҲ֪ǱӪʦŲûģֲֻ֪֪ûϡ
ȻȷʵôϸܵعģҲģ֪һ£ûġﻹǲ̫ġ
翴綮ˣеο
ܶһһɣڸô̸ήձԭ⣬Ӧûԭע֡
Ҿȥ绰ˡ˵
Ͽ
ָָԪ㣬Ҵȥ̽ࡣ
Ԫš
ϵͷ˵ԺҰ˾㡣
ѣ˳ŵĴɣѰ֮ͿֱӸˡ
ϹϴӦá
ڸָһ̸˺ɫҲ谵
ĿͶԷԱߵı󣬲ԪһȥԼⶰ
ȥ̳ͦ·ģԪ϶¥˵ֱס԰ɣҲͱȥͷˡ
Ԫû
ԴԵģȽи̨ȻͨõġСһ㣬ֻشɹҲ
ԪѾϸĴСܶ·ൽȥԪѡļ׵ݻظ
Ȼ˷ֱж·¹Һá
ѵ÷żˣûʲôѧϰ񣬴һ˻ӡ
ŵʱԪķ䡪ǰÿԼֱطҲ⡣
ϷţѻٻԼѸٽ
Уϵͳúңʼһ
֮ⷽ棬ǵԼ
Ҳǻû취ɵ¡

Ϸĺæ˵Ҫȥ̽࣬Ǻܸ˵شӦѸٸԼ˼ӡ
ȷϢ󣬸˵¶ǱҲܿ찲ܿҵһŵĴ򡪡ҲǾϵǸԼϾϵı
ǸŮˣʮ꣬һƽ͵ʣһͲɵòøС
磬ЦЦ˵ãŴˡЦݺܺ㣬ʹ崺磬ҽƼ
գҽá
ȴȻãλŮʿе֡
ܵؾ֣һʱȴ
[ϵͳܿ]
[оâѪԴֲҽ϶м⡣]
Ȼ
ԭҲѪģѪǺŨ߻û׾ѣžϢе֡
ȵȣԡ
[â԰ɣoûѡҲˣգֻҪѪֻλŮʿҴУӦҲǻһϣ]
Ҫǣͬû̵ģдģĵôϵ˳ӡ
λŮʿļֻҪԴڣӦöӵоâѪģôâеoͻԴΪ
ϵͳ˻ش
[ǵģλŮʿ߸ͬ壬ӵоâѪ]
е棬ΪʲôâѪԽǰЩֱӴиλŮʿϵͳǱ߾ͼˡ
[λŮʿԭ壬ִͨתӵ˱ŮԵݡ]
磺
ԭ
ȻϵͳһͨԻпʱ䳤ˣҲάסԼı飬û˿ʲô
Ƽ̬Ҳû仯ֻЦ˵ҽˣһȥ飬翴
Ƽ΢ЦӦġеƤգգۣܿǸҿʵˡͲÿˡ
ʧЦ˵öԡ
λҽöԷֱ־ǸȤֿɰĹƤʱŮУôŮû⣬λ˿ӰɣŻôΥ͸Сദܲ׾Ժܰĵط͸ˡԺлĻҲ̲Ķô˵ıԱ˺ġ
ʱ˾Ѿ⡣
Ͽ˿ʱ䣬˵ȻиҪͲһˡС磬չ˺ѣҲʺ֡
һЦû⡣
Ƽͷġ
ƼҲЦܾͷİɡ
ٿԪС罻ˡ
Ԫš
ȫϣϲŴȥ
沢һÿ쾣Ͽģһ˾档
ϽԼĳ˻ӻ֣עⰲȫ
Ӧ
ϿˣҲ˾
Ƽϸʻ˧һһȥ棬Ĭܣϸϸüëղŵľϻͦ˼ģԴӱܾһһֱ£ûôֹеӡ
Ǹɵ簡

ڵľڵ۶½һӰӳĳӰӼŻ˴ǮúüʱŽɵģǸɫһЩδƻԪءͯԪءħԪصȵĽֵ˵ĿǰҪʲôģҵʵĳ
ӰӳǣȻǺܻӭģúܶȿֺãͬĴСȶûԸһȺݶ࣬ץŵĹж࣬̾˶࡭ſڵͬ࣬úܵλ
Ժ˾ԷŻٶȣԶԶؾ͹˸ںӾϡ
ſԺ֪Ͷ̵ĳȻܿмó˳ȥ
һ·ͨ衣
糯⿴һۣӰӳмģܿ챻һʹĹĵ˶
ƣҲϹˡ
ۣûᣬϢɢһЩӶҲڳ϶һ˿
һʲôӰߣû취ǵƺͳ͵ȣȫĲ
ܿ죬ڵľ鵽ˡ

ǴӰӳǣ籾Ǵ쿪Ĺ¡
ĩ꣬ܳĹɫ°Թص䡢׳ɫѵŮͽڣݵĳɫ̶ȺϲãΪůŮ߲Ϊû̷̬
籾ŮһǸ÷СŮǿԺΪûȤᣬò̬ůڴĥбŤ޿صĴʱ뾡취ϢŻԣӴڽҺ󹬣뾡취Ҫӿ߽ܳĽȡҲܲδӱǿ裬Ҿɾ޵ռ࣬һѹͷӴĨԼеҳϣҪƷãȳԼδӡ
ŮӦϣҲϵػԼƷܳŮڱȳʱȴܾףΪԼѾΪİ£һȰ˵ŮòţӦʱַ¡һŮŮװһɱķŮڵһλŮܵʱǳˣϧַ˺ܶ¡
ȻŮ֮䰮ܶ࣬ľ黹ڲ˹ܵĺɱѹȵİ塢ɳսԸϵġ
漰Ů鰮ķǳ٣ŮϷݺܶ࣬ǴʱҲǶһ棬˽ĵ嶼кǿĿ̻ܺʹķ鶼棬籾൱ḻ
ĹԱѡ൱ӲģԱҲݼǿģֻͶģΪͶǾϣ԰ѹҲϸͬеݼϷݲ࣬ھϺȡ
תãٶҲܿ졣

һ˵ִʱȫѾˡ
ΡĹ⣬صϵƤĨһ㣬Եñƽʱֲɣ㣬С۵һֻһǽǡ
ıжεı仯ƺÿһʾĺ𽥳ص緢Χ۵ĹԱҲ׷ױ˽ȥҲŽȾͬС
缸ûž飬վڽԶĵطؿš
ر磬û֣λ׼˵ݼаɣλһȣװģɣͦªġ
ͷҲѧѧ
һĻϷˣ·еɢˣҲֿǸ龳
Ͻȥһ·ԭΪ˾Ҫźܵĳع÷磬ವģȷʵ£Ⱥȫˡ
һˮʱҲ׷׸кʾġ
˶֪ǱͶ̵ˣԼҲǶݼְҵ̬ȶܺãû˻̬Ҳܺá
ԼΪ˲϶ӣͬ˰ٷ֮ٵ£ʹӪʦţҲԵЩˡ
Ϳúֱ䰵һƤΪױЦҲ죬ﻹƣģˡϴμʱһȣɡ
ֵ˵ǵðעһ£СҪ˿ˡ
ԶԶؾͿֵĿͣûֵϷʹ󷽷ǱߣԼӴ磡
Ϥɤæ̧ͷȥ
糯֡
ֵЦݱȸղŸʵˮҪӡ
Ԫܹȥֵٶȿɿˡ
´磬ϴûʲô𣬵ϻ˵ˡ
̿˵ɡ
˵䣬ƼǱ֡
Ƽ߹ֵͷ⣺þò
ҲʶƼ֪ǾͷεˣЦݲ䣬ȴе㸴ӡ
طԺƼǸھߵģһֱǾϵ˽ҽͿȾϴһЩ϶Ƽ̬Ǹ˲ͬġ
һֶΪϸƼ֮δһһ𡭡ֱ֪Ƽˡ
ѹ뷨ƼЦ㣬þòˡ
Ƽ֡
һ㶣̫ס
ԱЦҸҰҽѰұţӪʦţ϶û¶Ҹ粻ģҽһˡҿݳ֪Ҹ뷨û㻹ҽѰġ
һȣǾϹ
Ƽͷְסϵı顣
ǵþ˵Ҫô֣ҲԼ㣬ܸ֮ԼԼʵСһ׵ܵܶҲһƬģ鷽涼ˡ
֮Ƽ˵е飬ӪʦòҪøϸһЩȥҿӣͰաһ磬糯һЦ˵վܵİţÿһЩ11׼ʱȡһ
־û
ڵ
Ŭ򶨵˵Ǿлˡ
ƼЦлã
е㾽ȣͷ˵öԡ
ƼЦݸºͣҾͲˣټ
æ˵һ𣿡
Ƽ˵鷱æҲйһ磬ʱ
ЦЦԣҿûôߡҽȥʱ㣬˾ȥ
Ƽͷл
֮˾Ƽ뿪ˡ
վԱߣЦŴ˴ļ磬˵磬ȥϢҿ𣿡
ֻع񣺡ԶԣǹȥϢһ
ͷԪϽһ
Ԫߵһࡣ
ûӣ˾͵ԱϢǿ
ȦڵλܸߣֵǶϢңԿ״ţʹԪһ˽ȥ
ȷٹϺһЩԹǼԱС
˭֪˧ʲôˣ
ûǺͦġ
ֹ찡ϢҴӲ˽ȥġ
˵ǲǸͶйϵ


108 ճ
²һ, ʱˡ
Ͷйϵѹϵݹϵ, ϵҲֲȴܳĹϵ
˵ǸʮС, Ǹմŵɳ, еݼǱǹ˾ġŶ, , ڰʾʲô
⼸ֻǺĵԱʱԼͬﰵһ䣺ɵơ
ôкͶǱߵĹϵ϶ǸϾй, Ȧ˭֪ûйŵģһѵŵĻԼŪϨˡͷ࿴ͦôӲãôţ
ܵԼͦеļԱ, СȻԼղ˵ʲô, Ͻ졣ҲΪֱԼôݼ˸涼, ǰӵ, İԵʱһСĴ
СԺ, ԱҲ׷ɢ
ûŵ, ˭Ҹ˵԰
Сһ˿, Ľʺ޵ֿһϢҵ, תҲһȥ
, Ź, 벻ԶĶԻôùĶ䣬ԪҲͬˣǡöһۡ
ЦЦû⡣
⣬ԪҲ⡣
˵ԶѣưҲסˣʲô¡

Ϣ
һΧоͦ
󣬻аǽľӣг׵ĻױƷƷŪͷߵױ豸Աߵ¹ҲźܶϷǸֳֹƵģܾϸûкܶ۸С
ֿ棬ȻһЦûʲô˼԰ɡ
ЦҾͦ˼ġ
кɳȥǵϹ
ʵسһûʲôֿ˼
ֿܺá
ȻǴξϴûˣʱʱϢ˵ģʱټ棬⣬ûʲôİУٸԺҲһϤУദȻˡ
Ӹ첲˿ϣ磬Ϸɡ
ֵûʲô˵ʲôࣿҲɡ
̬ͦȣֹĵ˶ôû˸°ɣҪ˭ûµĻҸ˵
ȴҡҡͷû˸£ڴҶһϷĺãøϽڿ׬һ˵⣬״ز䣬Ҳϸ׬Ǯ
һ֣簡
ָͣ˵öԣҸͶôɲģָƽʱҲҸ綢ŵ㣬һܳ¶
ֵȻһڴӦ
ֿʼһ죬żźۼش¾ϵͬʱҲûԪǸӴ˿ĶҵãദʱҲܴ⣬ԿܷḻһΣԽԽкøУǸܻύѵˡ
簵⣬ѪȻǹâմأôܺȻϲˡҲʱֲе㷲Ƶġ
һСԴŹֻʲôûŵϷҪˣģòױ
ֵ˼ǿ뵼ݰͬϷ꣬Ƶ档¶ٻǻ鷳ԼۣûҪ
˵ˣֱȥİɣҸԪԱơ
Ҳǣˬվ˵УСԸŪԵģǾҳǣҰãҲ
統Ȼûɡ
־СȥöԼָָԱߵСӣԪҳԵġ
ûȥˡ
üˣŪͷŪͷױĲױͷϵæ
Ա顣
š
еȷʵ̫ףױҲ񼼣ôһСȡ
Ҳû취ҪֱʢգҪϷ

ʹԱΧֻۣϷܿ죬Ѹٳڸе˵ΪŬദõĶڣѹΪݵøɫˡ
Ա߿ţСԪ߶һֹģС
Ԫ˵ҲУԡ
Ц˰ɣҿɲԶˡ
Ԫ˵Ǳԡ
ӣԪʱָ߿ˣ֮ʱװװӣԼݵʱԼݼ師û
Ǳˣҿ
˵ˣҲûʲôԱȤ
ԪϸûȤûټ⡣
˼ֵıݡ
ֽüϷģϷǲͬԱкüǺܺϷǣҪҲ뱥̨ʡмߵɶȡСܶ࣬˵ҲҪngεģƫƫûУЩԱǵĽ಻˵൱ըѡͦԶģȻҲоֱ
棺ԪҾĺ
Ԫš
ͷһۣ̲סЦЦ
֣ڶ˵ʱ򣬲ʲôˣԪǸĻҲˣ̫Դˡ
ɲò˵Դܰˬġ
ϷٶȺܿ죬ÿ찲ŵϷҲܴûԱҲϷĽͿ÷𡪡ֱмҪɲԱʱڱݺͣ
ÿϷûпǵĵطϷԱҪôҪô࣬ϷôԼԼҲеϾ˼ҲԼõˮƽԽԽѾ
Ծû˻⡣
ݺ͹ԱǿԱı֣Ҳá
Ƕ֪ôһֻϷû۶ӵľǺѵõģǾﻹжСʱ͸ѵˡҺǶͻҲദģʲôǰҪһͷھˣ£Ҳѹûǵ¡
ţԺҪкþ籾ǿȵݸ֡˽ãָǸܵĹϵĺã㶨ԺҲͶҲˡ
ҪÿϷôõգʲô

ԪôԱߵıܷ紦ԱߵСϰֵСʳƷȣˮëӦоС
˶⡣
̬ȻҲ뵽ܶԱǵ
ǸܽϢҵ¾һЩ²⣬ڿǺ۹һֱϷһһСʱ͸˺ǵˡ
ȻҲ˾ãҲҪȦˡ
ǲ°Ϊܶ๤ԱȦôãûܳôÿģһǴȻġԣõĶܿûӵġ˺ÿ⣬бʶȸҪλʣȦûй
һͦůģкìܵһǳúÿݣʱȴͬݡо˾ãҪǽȦûʽϵã䣬ϻӦһһڶЧ
ЩԽԽĴҲȻԪ֡
ǣͷСԪ˵Ҳˣϵ
Ԫͷ
пǶл̧ˣϧǳɲŵġ
Ԫš
أǰСʱȥ
黹˳ȴһϷݺͻȻ˲Զܴ󣬴žֵĽһӾʹ˾ա
ݲȻŭô£˭£
иæܹ˵Ǿģһ鹬Ǹ飬˹ȥˣҪȲæһĻȵٿ
šüͷܲʹ졣
Ȼʽۺ񣬵ҪǮҪϣԲܰġ
𿴴ΪֵĹϵɸɾģȴδء
׼ģ˭Ըⰲȵأûü֮ǰû£óˡ
е㽹ǣֹҵǱߴ̽˵ˣǾ˺ܶһ׵ܵܣΨһںˣ˵ѰŵС̫ˡλС̫ӹ̽࣬ҲǴ̽࣬˵ָѰź;ܵĹϵãΪҲǸ˵ġ粻£ƫƫС̫̽ʱ£ȻǸھ°ɣɾ̫ˣҲ鷳
˵С̫Aĸ߲ҲǸĴѧ̽ʱ龰ҪǶȦӵӡ󲻺ãֻ¾ԺͶʵʱҲøˡͶΪ׬ǮʽϿر²ܶʡǮⷽҲ֣ദͶˡ¶ں࣬Ϸ׬ǮδطҪͶʣС̫һ仰ȥоǱˣɲʲô¡Ҳֵ֪ӹܲá
ݵˣת÷ɿ죬뷨Ҳпգ˼Ҳǡ
ʱһرģѾ뵽ԵĽˡ
ݺ˼ʱиܹͷ󺹵˵Ǹżľ飬ж²ˣںΣա
ݵɫʱˡ
ߣȥ
죬ǸھǾ̫һĳ£ЩŷĹһҪǾҲˮ
ףǰڸʲôõӡҲǺ£»ᱻץסٴν࣬մӰ졣
õǣڳ֮Ͻ¶ˣ
ʱԪҲվ
ߵԱߣ˵ǹȥˣ˶ţµġ
ЦЦͷ
ȻԪһۡ
ڸھ鿪ʼֵʱǾѾʼ֪ǱߵˣҲһЩϢ
ȷʵ˵ˣǱ磬סˣŵԱƺΣա
׼һȥ
˵Ҳȥɡ
ԪվԱߣԵͬˡ
ֱǿЩ߰ģȻᵽǵ˵ͷ˵Ǳ̫ԶҪ˭ɷûʲôᡣ
ЦЦİɡ˵ףҲû˻ʵġ
ҲЦЦ
ʵãҪϢĹлǵĿԻͦģȦܶˣֻҪԪȺǻһۿ˸Ծϲͬһۿ϶е˾ԪǼֱġڳ˵ĴڸС

žݺͼԱǼܿ˸ھ顣
߹żİҲԣͶ٣˼СһЩݼõԱ䣬ӡǼܿճΪʡǮûȥ´ӣֱ˴칬Ⱥһ䡢һСֺʹƬյء
żͶ̸ϿɲͬȻٹȴܻҪôǵСˣҪôҪôеϵģ·λǰļŮԱûһûбġ
ЩݼҲǲ̫Ϸˣҵĺ٣˴˼ȥԵҲǳУ鰵ӿġھΧϣλԱĹҡ˾Ӫ֮ӿˣ˿ܳȶȣΪ˷λ˭ǰ˭Ǿͳøס
Χϳ֣ڲ籾ҳʱϷʱŮϷŮҲ׷ϷĻʱʱߴٱľ籾ԼϷݸ߹һЩˣֱһҡ
ȻģϷĽҲô˳µǣͶ˲ϸ£ߴٵݱ밴񣬵ȻԼľ׷ģܲסԱֻҪϷݣͶֻѸǮһ֮£ҲѹҪˣŰѹ˵ˣڼҪԱݼֻҪ۾û
һ㼸ͦҵϷҲôϸ׼Լˡ
Ҳû취£Լݵ̫ã׾ͰѶѹ޹⣬ֻѹԼϡ
Ҳûġ
վǸԱһ죬ݷϵϷЩӶΪˢˢˢϷݾ͵ˣû˭ҪϷĽˣû뵽ǣüǣò˵жȥΪĸ߹ϷҪ棬û²ˣ
ͻȻסжպùغüʮ׵ĵطΪϾͻƮƮػ˭֪ôһһ紵ҡڣλƺʱˤƵģŵˡ
˭ҲҶˣֻܸϽȥžȻʩҪѸȥ;
Ȼȥҵʱȴ֮ǰ׼õľȻƻˣֻȥѰԣ˹ģҪж£
жڰѾŵһûˣܶĳ̬Ѿ벻ôˡĶڵԼСΪζ̫ˣԸоԼĸ˿Ҫܲסˡ
ߵʱ򣬹żĵݿݣϽȥæľƷҲû취ΪĵĽʷ磬ûиȥϷݣȻҲ׼־浹еģֻǸԱˤģǴӸߴҲ𲻵á
żĵݶҪˡ
Ҫľ
վڹżıԵע⵽ȴǾĸҺ塣
һ۾ͿǸ߸߹ж󡭡ĸ˿һϸ΢ڲϵظʴǿʴ˿ˮĥ򣬲Ͼ˿ϻŸˣļӳ£Ҳӿ˸˿Ķٶȡ
⣬һԼڹη磬ǽ˿տķ磬شжҡȥζԽ˿Ҳʴø죬ۿžֻʣһС֧ˡ
ȥŹӣ˿ͻ᳹׶ѡ
̶̵ʱ˵ǴˣӰӳ裬Ҳ


109 жŮʮ
, ҺýˣȻ£ǿɾͲˡ
ķʽע, ˶ӵ, ¶ͦ鷳, ¶ҲǸ⡣
˼ʱûжǿʼſ֪, ʼѰǸֽŵˡ
ԪҲ˿ط˿طȥ
ûһ, ĿɨһŮԱ
ױԼªƯϿŽ۵ȴŨҵĶ⡣ϣԼԼһ˿ʴϢȻܿɢȥˣӲĲ׽
΢֪ŮԱĽɫŮ, е㲻ˣһжһŮʲôͻȻŮ޲жȥѵ˵, ʲô𣿿ҪǸףŮҲǴĶɡ
΢ųһ˿һĨϢسŮĽű, һ֡øʴ, ͻԶӿ𣬰Ѹʴڵ
ƺҲû˼²Ů嵽ΪʲôҪô, ΪʲôˣһиηûҳҪݷĺۼҵС
˿̣Ԫͷ˵
Ĭ˼˳߳ĳһۡ
ǱǸԱСʮ˺ţϵķδжƣжɫͬһɵڻҡҲʮ˺룬ҲжƣжµĻΪʡ鷳˵ֱھ˶棬Ҳˣ
ʮ˺ŵͷź˷ܵû˿ĵطţÿһλ趼һ΢ŷգķȥײж壬ϵҡڡ
Ԫ˵֪Է֡
һ㶣Ȼˡ
Ҳ˵Ůȸʴ˵Сɻǡʱסպðжڰգٸ˿㸯ʴжһͻӸ߿յѾ׼ľȻȫŪˣôŪģȻܡ
ò˵ⸯʴƻǺǿģĹԱϸΪʲôֲܷˣΪŮ嶯ܹҲͻôӣûϢܵ˵ǿôЧǳıʱˣ͵ŵ˵жȥء
ʮ˺ŸŮûκ̬ϵĽʾ˵һġжȥԺʮ˺ſܾ;ûˣҲ֪жĸ˿ˣֲжʱȵȻԼܴģжζȻԼ²ܻҵܸˣǿǺܺõġ
е
żҲͦ˼ģѵ߲˵⣬ɺϵǣǻͬһˣڶһһ֪´˸ϡ
̲ס̧ͷжһۡ
һﵽǶ˺ޣ
пʱһ룬Ǻĸ˿ˡ
ҡڵжȣӸ߿ա䡱
ָ˵
ΪһεƶŴ糯ж˹ȥ
ϵıʹӾֱ˴Źֵ𾪡
Ϊжֱӱˣ˴׹ƱԱƣڿлһĻߣٶԽԽײȺˣǳ׼ءײʮ˺ţֱſڶԷϡ
ʮ˺ţ
ҵĸоۣҲ󣬿ɻɧֳĵһ£æؾ͸ƿˡ
ϷϣҲմ˹ա
̫˼ˣżҲãעµҲգȫסſڽһʱ˵
ֻ͵͵ģֻһûȣžصڵϣ۵ϽּضжǱ˼ʮġ
ţǴţ
ֻһֻأֻصҲڽ˵ǡ
żĹԱǷ׷׳ȥǵļǣȥȻжľȻжԽǽӽԽԣжڻʱɢˣɹԱùȥ鶼ܹ졭Ȼ֪жⲻûһ뵽жƽʱǸһڵ̱ڵɪɪһܲӣֻЦЩҪﲻס
ҲְɣűȥʱжֳЦ̬Ҳûôըˡ
żܸӣһʱ䲻֪Ǹһôһ뵽Ҫǽͷö
ڲȥ趫ˣǳţùԱǸ˾ְмΧ۵뿪
жع
˾ӿֵҺͱЦûʲôΪжĵģΧ꺮ůϽϢϴ軻·Ҳֻġ
ⲻٴ˸̾һԵж
ٿһǸŪʴŮ壬Ҳڼװæ۶ǲģƲƲ졣ûʲôԹǵĶ⣬ƺҲΪûɡ벻ʲôҪصľˡ
Ǹʮ˺ţŪһۣ׷ʲôʱŵسѰҡΪŪģܲղǹһ˰жжģ᲻˶У᲻Ըܲš
һû£ʮ˺ŲԷģҲѵӸ˻ȥ˵Ǹǿˣɲʱʲô˼
΢΢ҡͷ
˶ûøУжƷɣŮ崿⣬ʮ˺ŶΪɱˡ
˵䲻ģҧһë
˽ܷõΪģҪ裬˻ͷҲӦֻΪһ˽ɱˣͦĵġ
һֵǲ֪ô࣬һ±Ƶشͷβֻ߰ġȻǣԪ˵ǻȥɣӦûˡ
˵䣬ӽļ߿ƺҪɷãһֱиŵıڹ˵ˣԼǸϽص
͵ԼʲôҲûɹ
Ǳߵľ黹ǹҵġ
־ͦΣҸþ鲻ףζϸˡͶ̿ףֵٴҲû취ƾ鲻۶ӵġʵ϶ǵǣѯʵոûŻɣºټģҺҲ˳ˡ
ڰ֣û£Ҿǿ˸֡
ԪͷʾҲûŵ
־ͷ
صʱߵľԱҲ¡
Ǹŵĺһɣκģ
ƽʱһ˧徢˲СǶˣҿܶ˸أͷЩ˰¶һӻۣ
ˡ
ǸײСԱҲͦҵģúվҲûɶ͸Ӳһġ
ҵ֪һ㣬˵СԱԾģݼҲУǲκ𣬾Ͱȥˡκɶǵùߵġ
ҲԼãҪõˣҲκ񶥡
ô˵˭֪κн˵Ǳ߾κиŮǽǰΣԼû£ʱûҲǸŮţ巬ˡκ鷳˰ɣܶ˺ơ
ޣһеĺһŮԴס
ԽԽǶĿ
ⲻջͱİԸһ
һŮ֮ĻҧΪѾɥʧȤЩһ˵پ΢
ۼߴŹԱѸ׼أҪżϷҲϤ̨ʼӿٶȽ״̬Ԫλȥ
һߵȿϷһָϵͳˡ
[ϵͳҿǼô¶]
[ǱѾ˸ı䡣]
[ʲôı䣿ΪҾκ]
[ȫǡ]
ϵͳ֪˱Щ¡
ǻģԭûмģûоôõͶˣΪҪʽܶ࣬鵼ݻʽﱸУҲûô翪´Ĵ͹Ⱥ
ûˣڹżȴûģɿģҲɳͬ£ûˣû֣ǸκֱӴӸ߿յ
κҲԺûΪһѪסɵסȴ̱ˣӴֻڴϣҲܶ˵ʹޱȡ
Ȼģʼھ֣Ϊֶ̫ˣֽӴⲿŵˣҲ˭ɵġҲףţǼ⣬һ벻ͨɴͨףѾиԼйִġͻȫɱˡ
ŮƼʮ˺ҲûӹߣվѲܲǿΪԸκָܻҲҪһʱ䣬ǰǹЩѪ֮ͽĶ֡
κӶҲߣ㵽˲ڵõκһǮѸƻκϵȫɵˡΪɱ̫ʹ죬ǻûԼɱɴѾܸɵĶɵֱɵ˲ŴҴ뿪
˾޴ĲҰ
һϣֻʮòڻ߶صú
˵Ůʮܣ˾̫޹ˡ
ⲿŽ£⵽Ůʮ˵ʬ棬Ǿϸ󣬲Ūӵȥ
ͬʱɱ˵κˣô̱ŰεɴΪ׼ɱ޹Ҳòĵչˣ֮Ӷúܲҡ
û꣬ʹȥˡ
Ů塢ʮ˻ж֮ľ𡭡
ʮ˺и²ò֮࣬ǰһ˵䣬Ϊ˲ٷ˿Щ˿Ҳ·ֻۣ֪лȥӴױȽϸߵĴԾȻѡС飬ҲδɣЩСĳľܲܲŶδ֪ҰģȻȥǡ
Ҳˣ˹żи֮ǰݳĽɫƵзԸ軹һݼʺĽɫѾ۲ϧúü˯ܽԾжֻϧʹ˻ǰ֮£ҲֻУ˯ĳھݸʮˣԶƽҲͽˡ
еĵӲһʼҲûҪȥκ񣬲Ծжõݿ佱±κ֪ˣκСÿΪݼָ𶼻ҸﲻˬκܣȴôκƲڷйһº󣬲ڰעתˡ
ʱУԽκݺõϷԽ۾Խκȥ;²λԼȥݱκǿˣκˣһԱ桭
ʵ֪һġ
żȦǮģҪڵʹκĳˣҲ벻ѡɻ˼ȥһܸκ񲢼򣬲ܰѾ̻ˡ
Ҳչ
Ȼκˣûѹ֮ǰǻȥ˵ģԼһκݼúܶĴǸѾתˣڵͣձǷżһ飬ֻȳ
ֻϧκ̫ǶʹλΪ˾ȳģǾ˼ĽɫֱӰλ
λ޹ǵùˡ
֮оΪԼŪκλ͵ʴףκ۸ȻҲԭ֮һ˵۸ֻԼΪ˸ĳɡڷκǳǽһϲ񣬱ұ۸е̬İõܸκһѻ𡪡ԼӵأΪǸܣڽ󲻾ͻȻѵģ˲Сġ
ǸŮ壬ʱ˵öԣκͬһ
ЩҲгĵطͱ磬ΪƼǽǰΰʵϲǵģƼκڽʱ
λȦģŮͨԣҲԸʵǮڽеǲĶˡƼȷжʱ䱻ˣŽκ񹴴ʱʱʱغţ׻
ˣκͲˣԼԴֳȥˣЩԴŮԵģƼͬˬκڽǰҪƽԡرκӣԶʤƼ֮󣬺Ƽֻܶκߡ
ȻкƼԾΪŮ壬κľ˾粻սж˴ͬһ顣
ӣκƼ鷳ˣرǶϷʱκƼ˲ٿͷȻƼҲرκһˬ˸䱾֮Ļҩζʮ㣬Ϊ˺ƵҪɲ֡
ЩƼ䶼Ǹ˸ӹΪʵڷԼκͬ顢κкܶڿյϷԺѾʼϰԼˡ
û;ˣһʴôʱҲǳ΢ֻüٵǸԼüԴĺááҲǽϵһŮ˵ȻǸŮ˱
ǽûȦ޹ĵġ
ֻҪǵ·ģƼ䶼Ź
ȻдõĻκ⡱׼Ȼץ˻ᡣ
ֻǺƼ䲻֪ΪʲôκôãȻôˤû£ǹַܹ죬Ҳµ˰κæ֪˭ע⣬ѹ˼ĬĬ㡣
ţ˭һȰǸŪ֮ǰҪԼܱ˷Լܡ
Ƽ佫ıģǸκ˿϶֪ɵġ
Ϊ׵ضҪ֪ܣһȽҴŪġ
ٶ񶾵˼վȲӵķ
еĺƼ亦κκ֪ǺƼɵģȴΪԺƼڵһλ
ƼͼֶܸԿʱΪӦ˵㶼ûͱɱˣܷɣȫöҲǹʹˡ
磺
ô˵ء
Щʲô
һȣǰѸµŮʮ˾ˣԲзʧܵжҲˡʣûһֵõġ
ĬȻ
ˣȾ;˰ɡ
٣κԺû̱ܲڻעһҪȫ˳۵˶ɵɣƽʱˣɺһⱻȺ֮Ȧ·Զ׼ѾߵͷЩ͹ӦƽΪˡ
ΪɱܵŮʮˡҲң⡣
°ͣappҵͶ߰顣
ԣֱͶ߹żŮƼ䣨ʴϵߣʮУϵߣھºˣɼɬӰ졣
ҪмܣɱδҲýгͷ


110 ̽
һʱķչ, appЧ˲٣Ͷ֮û, Ǳ߾Ѿ˻ظ
õصȷ¹, ᾡ˽е飬лȺڵľٱҲӭǵĹмලٱʵõӦͨʼա
ü
Ҳ֪˵ܿǲ, ҪⲿµЧʲߣ˽, ¶ͻú鷳ˡ
Ԫһapp, ˵żĵݽ˸绰
һ, Ӧ˼ſȥ
ȻһӰ, ֻҪ׼Ŀȥ˳Ķ
Ȼλݱر𲻺õؽһͨ绰, 洫ԺıŵĲöʱסȷ˼ʲô, ɫױ仯, ̬Ҳº͵ˡ
õģõģǻῴá
˽ӽġ
ʱӭ
, ֻԻ˵ǸܿŮ˵൱ϣѸȡŹżݺһҪ, صҪѱƻĶ̷棬ٽӽȵȡ
żݹҶϵ绰Ĩ˰
ģⶼʲô¶
ô沿ŵעˣ
żոַ磬̲ס˸¡
¶ȷʵ̫Źˣֱ뵽˲˵ĶԼ֪иרŴ¼ĲţľǸŵĻֻүү̣Ͻ¶˰ɣϽˡ
绹Ƿһ˿֪ǱߣšǱߵĽ

ⲿڿappغ󣬾רſһͶߵĲš
ǲ˹ˣ̽̽鵽еŨԽԽԺ󣬸ؾѵҲԽԽࡣȻд󲿷ֶӹٻصⲿŷֲѵ̵˽ԼܣɻһЩ߲ιҲϱֻǲιҲˣʱȻŹҲȷ·¾ЩԼ׼һ¡ģرĻЩԹҵİȺܲ
ͨû취ԸЩµߣͶߵĲžרΪǿġֲڸصġappߣһѹͨˣԽͶߣΪЩΪѹҷȷˣʹԱæҲȴЩƻڲļһ
˼ֶκ󣬸ظµ˺ܶ࣬Ͷ߲ŵĽӴԱǺæ
һ죬۸մһӣˢµҳ棬ͷµͶߡ
ڵ۶ӰӳǣԱͬʱһ֣öԷӼʮ׸ߵϵ㺦Է
۵ɫʱͱúѿ
һ߻ظһ߿Ϊ˲˵˲𣿾ܾܷˣԱǰɣ
ԺѸٰܳڵԱȥ飬ֱ̫ʹˡ
ʴϵܺͷϵܶɱǿ㱨ⲿţ΢ܶһ棬пܳΪսԱ
أȻɱϣ
ܲջ
ֱʧӣΪʲôǱߵľͲܰһ㣿
߲һˣ֮ǰиϵܵģվͺǿΪһϰȫңץ˺ΪʲôҪôȻ˵ʲô߸һȣ˭÷ϰǰˡ
ʱĲųԱˡ
ô£ɱȫң޵Ʒӵܡ
ĽǱϳ̡ܺ
ϵܣɱǿ󰡣õӰ
Ǹϵ߱ʱţΪƾԼʹҲܱݣôﲻôд
ϧʵġ
ⲿи涨ԽǿľԽҪƣߴȵģԲ飬Ҫĳͷɵޡ
ϵɱ˳ҲڽʴϵߺͷϵҲһܶкܴǱɱˣôһץҲᱻֱӷϳܣá

ص³һָͣڲ鵽þ鵼ݵֻź󲦴ȥԷ˵˾΢ǰ¡
ͬʱappϽӵ֪ͨĳСѸٳֱӰӳǶȥ
һεʵҪСġֶץ񣬲һߡ
ӳͷİɣǱٸߣҲǵĶ֡
ܵģ
ķģԲᣬо仰ô˵ţʨӲȫô
˵ģҲ֪ʲô¶
ȱô࣬ҿһʵץˡ
ס
飬Ա뿪
ף

˵ߡ
쵽ʱԪ׼һԾзģǣǸҽȥ˾ٴιʱ򣬾Ȼ˾ϡ
Ϸ糾͵ͦװ϶Щ壬ͷҲֻԴûƽʱôǸƽһ飬ϸͻᷢǽ
ʱպһĻϷ׼ȥԷһ̧ͷϣæվӭȥ
ôˣ̽𣿡
ô˵ȴһ⡣
ھѹģܱΪ¶İɣҪǲͲˡ
ϸҪش𣬾ͼԪһע⵽ߣ黺˻Ϥ
ϸ磿
֡
һͷѾϷֳ
һЩЩҲȥˡ
еؿһ㶡
ǿ
ϳͷȶ˵û£̽ࡣ
ԪѾߵԱߡ
϶˵ȥæɣкǡ˶һЩ˸ҼӲͣλҪָ˾˵˰Ѳͳֱƽɡ
ݼֻ̽ûģһɣæЦǾͶлˡģҸλʦȥԱǳԷ
ЦЦˡ
˿˼䣬ʶȤˡ
һ۾ϣЦʣ磬ô
ֻԱĳȣ󣬲æ˺죬Ϲˡ
ûע⵽˲죬˵ôŸտ˵µϢ˵Աϵˡܲ
Ҳ˵Ӫź͹ж˵һȷ٣û¡ϲ˺׵˶ھ飬ܷŵģһ۲С
Ҳ֪㣬Ȥһ֮࣬оͦů
Ȼ׸簡
Ա߲廰ȥϢ˵ɡ
ϵͷ̬ȺºͣáҲ˷ҹȥù
æ˵ȥɡȻͻȻ뵽˽˵طԼȥ׵еΡ
ֽסֻɰЦЦ룺Ȼһȥö࣬һ˿ò
־ȵصͷá
һǰһһϵĳǱȥ
վں棬ûôûɫظȥͷСԪ˵ǲǺܵǶԣ
Ԫš
˵ҿֵʲôˣҸҲûǰôſͱƴֽ˰ɡ
Ԫܡ
ü˵׼Ҫһ
Ԫش𣺡̫
̿
ˣͲԪԪҲʵ˵飬Ͳ顣
ͲɣⷽҲûԪǿȥ

ǰѷ˺͸ֲһ͹ģֺȻиرӪͣⶼʹģҩԳͻҲӪʦİš
Ҳ˶ֳһĶԪľרŸɳ׼ˣӪḻܴٽǵ߳ɳ
һۿ̲סЦ磬㻹ͦϸĵġ
Ԫ˵ˡ
ֲ֪뵽ʲô򴽡
һһ˵Էɡ
ҲûٴȤкԪһ
Ҳʱк֡
Сںһ߸ҲС
һˣദڵġ
ûзɸ֪ʱ˸ھĶ

ⲿŵСԱһ·ͨ裬ֱż顣ûʲô磬ֻǹŹԱӣҲû̫˵ע⡪ע⵽˵ģΪǵӰӳǵˣҪʵء
𿴹żĵѾߺԱ侲ʰʰϢϢóԷԷԱô侲żǿ棬еۣе׬ǮǮеĸɴǷ飬˭û뵽ôͨÿ궼кܶľ飬Ȼ£
ǿǲûһ
ʱϣҲѾˡ
ԱǱݰŵľŬȥ£ûŵеθڵĳԷûθڵľͲͣˢΧ֪͵ʲô̶ȣʲôǲҪǰž˻ԼĹʲô
ȻԼ˲ܺһӦϢͬʱڳº󲻾ãλżһߵһΪס棬Ҳִ˵绰ǹ顪Ҳ˳µҪ˲뿪ҲóǿЩƻߴ粽ˡ
ȻԱǺִܿˣ¼ʹܶ£ҲΪͬõʾʱ䣬ΪܰƵøһ㡣
Ǹµ߶Ϊεġᱻ˷֣Ҳҵʲôǵ׻飬ֻܾԼΪ˲ע⣬ǵȻҲ뿪
˶Աѯʹ߱ȽϽӽ˻Ҫ¼żݸǱ׷˺ܶ࣬Ҳǻشص
ҪƬóȥϵ޿ײĹǣھԱ£òԶԶ뿪Բܽ벽
ⲿŵԱʱԱǻû뿪йпǵĹƻɲ֪ô£ǸжͱһɨǲҼˡ
ҲɵӣǲģҪġ
СʱصľԱһŹ֤ԱϹɫ΢䣬æǷ˽ȥ
ܿ죬СԱǱżӴ
СԱΪ֣ٲרҵ֪ʶḻģ󲿷ǰչ涨ץзֱġ
Ƿǳϣ鶼࣬ûиκжĽں;Աǽӹ󣬾ԱҲɷ飬ЩרңԱǾͿٷֿȥЩƻϲϢ
Ǿ׽ߵԱеǸйټϢɢҵ˿ģеľǸ䱸̣׷Ϣзֱ档
Ȼ۰󣬲Ҳϡ٣ⲿŵĳԱҲһֻиͶģÿγʱ衣

Ƽװشһ乫Ϣ¶׵ɫǿװƵĳԺзʱʱҲ򶨵ŮСԹ䣬˵һ˵ڵĻֺ̿Ͳ֪֮󵽵׻ôĵǡ
ǸŮҲһԹʱʱֻ߰ıϺͲ²ŭЩˮˣ¶һ
ƷӦ˺ܶ࣬Ⱥܽš
ƼԼ޹֮ʱȴͻȻһ˿õԤС
ΪֻǾܣûоѵûжи˽⣬֪ΪʲôԤУͬʱƤѾ˺ü£Ҳ׻ʲôֻԼһβɱ˵ĺ֢ŬԼķӦ
иǻһֹ
Ϊʺ͸ԭţǼ⣬ʵûкƼãԼ»ǺܺµģԽԽ¡
þƽݼԼһżֱѸսָ¶ԿصĿ־塣
ƼӦͬڲԤеʱѹûԼԤУֻԼٴӿѡ
˵ͬǣھԱھѯʵʱǶǾԲھԱǰȥģʵʱҲŬԼԼһһġһ֪衣
Աʵ̫ˣĴû뿪ɴ࣬ɱ˶Ҳ󡪡Ůжûͻʮ˲ȡжŮʮ˶жкܶʮ˻۸һʱ䣬Ȧ̫ˣ˵˶ϤЩ˽ˮ˳ɱ˵ȴûС
ȾԱȥˣûжиķӦʱ˶ɲ˿
Ȼ˵̫ˡ
ΪԼµʱǸԵϢҴű˴򿪡
Ҳͬʱ
ֱһ̵ָ߽ǡ
漴ںƼлûӦʱ򣬽Žġòֻգ۵ʱ͵ǵǰǲԱܵҪʹܵʱ򣬰ǿסˡ
Ƽ仹ģԼܣҪץסһŮߵָʴ
ŮߵĶȴ죬磬ֱӰһȦӿϡ
һ̣Ƽоһӿ壬˲䱻ɢԼһ̱λϡ
Ůְסʵ
պоٶоģǴκһܹķӦͻ̱ѱס˵ܹɢǿƶԷж
ץ˵ʱ൱á
һߵѾºһˣڱѸץס֮󣬷ûкƼôķӦҰסͬҲоԼֻҪһܾͻᱻƣǾȴһҲҷ
ûиƼһܵҲɱδɷҲΪľõĴ
ڱϢҺһ̧ͷÿϢͬĺƼ䡣һ㶣ûӦʲô
ƼҲͬУȴͻȻӦߣȻУ
ѵ˵оκ񣿲ԣоˣӦòᱻס
Ƽɫࡣ
жܣ֪


111 
Ȼ, Ѿˡ
ƼбֱѶ龰ȻҲ뵽Աǵʮֲ졣Ϊȫû˵ıʲô쳣, رǸйڻЩ͸ˡ
ǣ
Ѿ, ʮа˾˰ɡ
ûô, ֱӾץˡ
ⶼʲôģȻҪɱ, ҾȻһ飬˺ǿɹݵģҪϷʱݼ, ҲǼ䡣
˵Һ񿴵һǼ, ʲôƵĶ, Ȼֱȥ˺Ƽ䡭̰ɣĽʬƬõĵ, Ǹʲôã
˻ʲô˼˵Ǿ֡
˵˱˵ˣζˣ֯}˵, ˵˰ɡ
ԶԱ˵ˣʲô֪
Ȼûд, ⲿŵҲûпʲô̻ȷӷ, ȫ˴
ʴϵܺͷϵܵǱȻܴ, һСϣߵʵһ㣬Ӧ͸һ㡣ĺܶʩû, Ѿ˳˳
ȻֻԱһСԱԱͳڶԱǴӷٵ뿪Ӱӳǡ

ȫ̵΢΢һЦ
ⲿŵİЧʲôˣôҵˣôͰץˡ
ҹٷܺ
ͲٹעǱߣת˼ϡ
һٷ˶Եøˣ󣬾㣬ھתת
û·͸֡Ԫ𡪡һλæܣúܣܳʱǼˡ
ǰ磺һȥ𣿡
ЦŰ֣ҿɲȥ⿴Ϸ˼úܡ˵ųգգۣ粻ҷɣ
æ˵öС
ԪҲͶȥѯʵߡ
ֺЦ˵ӭӭ
ϼˣ͸ů⣬ͦ˵ġ
ɣ°ǡ
ֱһ䣬һ뵽ϹܶദһСĻ˵ˡͬʱֵľ°󻹸Ϲ᲻̫ˡ
絹һͬǾ͵ˡ
ǵᣬЦЦ˵ҪϷ磬Է
΢΢ͣͷ˵ȥɣˡ
Ԫɴ;ϵǰҲͣŪòˣǱ۰Ͱ͵ţҲֻϵ˸𣬾Ǳȥ
ŬظϷʱ˾ܾ˵ھӰ죬ҲĴ£ɹЩȫͶ뵽ԼϷ
ݵȻҲܸˣĳϷݺ⡣
ҲΪֻٶ˾İš
ϣ°Ȼˣ˳һӳȥ
˼Լȥֺܱ˽˽Ҳ˹ݣ˾ֵԪһ١
˵磬ȥɣҸԪɢ͸͸ԥֳɣЦīˣҸԪϰ߷·Ժ߿ٰȥҲ
ҲǸܸɴˣ֪ڸֵദĻᣬܸɴͬ⡣
ͦ˼ģڰ֣Ժлᣬ档
Цϡ
Ͽֳȥ
üתͷԪ˵Ҳ߰ɡ
Ԫš

˵ھǱߡ
ںС뿪󣬹ż۷׷ףһֱڸĹǸ˺ܶƬرǺƼбģòǳ
ͬʱϳϢͼĲïɱӷ
Ƽеķ˿ţƵƬУǳǶҲȫᣬ˲кܶѷ۵ġԲз۸翹˵У˵κûɷУ˵ֻһʱ嶯ҲСһʱ䣬۷粨
кܶӪŽˮκĺʷǳκͺƼ䡢еľҲ˳ʲôɫ𡢹һѹȥĺƵƬκھǸκƼں֡Լ˵ĺƲ⣬ķ˿³ʮ23ȫ⼸֮¡
·ǱҭĹڹٷ൱ٶȷȷƼȷʵǶҪɱκȫûκηתغ̱
ٷҲ½ųƼеһЩʣǶκֵԭ򣬻д˵ƵΪ֤
úҲۿɼٶӡ
ɵӰ죬̫ˡ
Ƶ͹ﶼû˵Ƽеʲôֶβ㺦κģѶľҲûС
յоǣƼ䱻ͽ̶ʮ꣬бͽ̶ʮꡣ
оһȫȻ
ʹƼȷɱκǶҲᱻд̣ôҲͲˡɱδ죬Ӧڣôеô
ִܶԲ˷˿н£ˢҪߣҲһЩ·˶оǣϾǰܶ׼׷ûأɺƼвΪìܻ߼ɱδǣôôأѵΪǣɵĹӰŻộ
˵硣Ҳûд𰸡
̽ع⣬ұסκӲùΪ뺦ˣ׻δ죬û˵õоȴȺܶԤڵĸء
ǺܸӵģƫȺ塣
ԭܺûǰ£˵ìܱ¶ڴǰ£ܺߵƷ¶кܴ覴õ£ƺڹص¡ܶ˷߸ǳ嶯ɱˣȻкܶ˶ǲͬ顭
κһֱҰͳͳʵ֤ݣУʹΪЩûбץͣӴҲȦˡ
ȻȻģĹ˾ĽҲ
ԼҲòԼ뿪ĵط
κ񱻱뿪ȦӺֳͬӿ
һͬκһͬƼУһַȥȥҵš
ǺܴܷҲܶ࣬Ȼֵúܴ󣬿ûȥܻиʵ°ȥ
ֻ˺Ƽбˡ
ڱֱӹѺⲿŵη
ֻҪһССֶΣǰԼ·̺;ô˵Ĳȫ˵˳ҲǹٷųԴ
ȫй˲ѹܾ֡
ǲŷ֣ԼΪ̫ǳˣԹٷ֯Ӵʱ޷ֻֿʵʵ
ܱ׷ϵĶʮ꣬Ƕֻͨ˵ηͶ죬ΪɱӺĶ̵֮ĻᶼûС
˵þͶãһҲ١
֪˰ʱѾ˷츲صı仯ҲΪı仯ᱣֵúܽҲڳӦ硣
ڸܵһеĲͬ𵱳Լܵʱ򣬱ȻĻ⡣
ǻڣڵõܺĲ񣬶Ǻúܣ˵ĻߣǾͷֺͻΪصĶ󡭡ΪĽŵġڹٷӵкܴȨЩǿߡ
ȻⶼǺܾúܾԺˡ

Ҳ֪ϹٷŷһЩϢҪǣappõȷͶ߳ɹĻظҴʼõһݽƣʾֻҪʼдַͻѽ͹ȥ
һǿʦɽĸԻƣǿķ
ȻЦЦ
ƻǿĶػʵģͦá
ֻԼݱ¶ȥݽͲ˰ɡ

𷢷ŽĲʱûֳɹٱΣο͵Ļظʼеơ
ͷȥͶ߲ʣ˵ǱҲûоٱߵϢ
˼⸺żЦˣûʼͲ¡ٱĹƾǾˣյͦõģҲǻԱܻݰɣҲ⽱ˡ͵û£˼ҵ
ô¶̾Ҳͻȥˡ
ͷҲֻһҪ
æȥ¡

϶ĹãԼҲöһ硣뵽ڻ죬ڳʹʲôʱȥ繫˾ơ
͸ԪһȥѰŰɣҸͷ
Ԫ˼ˣ
ЦۣǻҪˡֹⷢһпɷнµԪ֣һϵ˵Ҫû㣬Ҹô죿
Ԫ룺ûҡ
ûϵõôش㶣ȻԪһ棬ɵðԪɿ
ӣģ
Ԫͷġ
Ͳֿ
ȻԪ̫˵㣬ɲò˵ͦ˵ġ
ҾͲˡ
Ԫٵͷÿ
ڶһ磬˾͸סڹԢʱһȥˡ
ǳøһЩϾǻͦİģĲг֮ĵطҪǵĽų̶ܿ죬΢õ㷨ţѸٵذѵˡ
ò˺縺ϴˣԪġ
ʮһңˡ
Ȼ˰ѷװʳһһһѰŵķȥ
ûд绰˾ţǻԼİ취ûãѾ˳ִ

ѰŴڵСҵһ칫¥ٵ¶㡢ֱӽһ¥ûл꣬Żոոµģ湤Ҳ඼ˡ
վһ칫¥£ͷǸƵ¥㣬еզࡣ
ûָôһݼҵ
߽¥ĵһ㡣
ǰ̨ǼƯĹĹڿ˺¶һ˿ޣȻʹϺЦݣòѯʣλʲô԰ǵ𣿡
ЦЦҾϾܡ
ǰ̨º͵ʣԤԼ𣿡
˵ûУֻæææĻҸ绰ҪæҾ͵һ
ǰ̨ﲻ֪λ˧ʲôϵǰ̨ģϢҪģɵ˹˾ĴԡѸٴǰ˧ʱи²⡣
է񣬿ϸһ˧ܵٻеİʲͦġ˵ܰʧɢ׵ܵһˣѵ˵λǣ
ô²⣬ϻǴڵЦݣܽӦʱûаŻ飬ĵ绰Ļ㡣
С̫ˣɲܵˡ
ǰ̨ЩԻǶǾѵģͬҲˣƽ޹ʵˣҲͬµ˵ʲô
ǣ̲סĹ۲ƾܵܵܵ˧磬۲ԷǸʲôˡں˧һһ˧磬Ҳ֪ôģӦдڸеˣͻȻڸбƵġ
粦ֻͨš
ӺǱ߽

ţԪһģա
ˡ
ŲӣһŸľӢдӵ߳󣬴ЦݹкָգԪǾܵ£ܰǣҴȥ
֪λڹ˾ĵ֣պ󣬿˵͡
Ԫڷֹʱͬա
Ȼǰ·˺ܿһ߽ݡ
ߺǰ̨Ǳ򶨣ɼظλ
˽µ΢ȺѾǳյص˺ܶϢ
[ҵ裬С̫Ү]
[˵С̫ӳû˧е㡭]
[еǰɣҲ˧˧һӵζ]
[ǱϹ˵òȡء]
[ĸңôһ˵£Ҹһ㣬ܶС̫ӵֱᣬȫȺ˵òһﱩˣƽǵ̬Ҳ]
[ǿǱʱΰɡ]
[ȵȣԶˣ˵λһС̫ô]
[һʱĻɡ]
[ղŵ޽Ӵģ˵˵ӡ]
[ҶС̫ӡͦõģòͦůеĸо]
[˵aĸ߲]
[۾һǶŰɡ]
ǶôĹֻҪһһоģῪС
һСȺľͻڡ
ܲ׵ܲͷ£Ѹײڶ֮ƴ˼Ÿ˾¡
˶֪ܲ׵ܰ߻ܲùϵãܲö׵ҲصúܣλС̫ǶúúţɲΪ˼Ͳ ڱ˵лġ
½뾣ϵİ칫Һ󣬺ԪЭʳ˶˳Ҳʢá
û뵽ԪԼͷɵԵʱ˵ĹֻΪϸһĵ
󣬾ϴڼߣһЩȽҪĲŶһһ˽ܡͬʱҲŵ˶ʶԺ󻹻ϲ
ڽܵʱ򣬾ҲԺĴ㡣
˼һ£˵ʱмʱ俼ǣҸоɬᷢչܿ죬仯Ҳܴ󣬻Ǳôúá
Լ֪Щͷͬٸ˵ʲôҪ֧Ԯĵطܸҿڡ
ЦҵȻġ
ֵҲҲһĬ
ͱ磬ǲǰкܶ¸ߵܵܣ֮취Ǯܴܵİȫ
ֱ磬˼ҸʲôʱСѣеĴȻǲй¶ģҲй¶ԼԪǡʦ£
Ϻ綼š
ʱɣʵʱ䡣

ڱӣúܹɡ
ÿȺԪһȻȥһЩе»ܲԽоͲǵýȥͰѻԪһ顢ӻѧϰ
ΪϸͲ˵ˣ治Ҫ㾪ϲҲͲҪԪһˣֻҪһ绰ȥҪĲ˾Զˡ
ٽʱԪ֣ˣһ͵˾ʱʱüȡƼĹҩ͵ȥ
ʱ䣬ظ¡
ͻԪ׼֣ǲҪ͵˾ˣֻžϻһá
һɢ״򲻶ȥԺϴ˯
ճ


112 ׿쿨
ʱ, ٴܵһʷҡ
ԭƻ£ܿ۳ź쿨Ű׿, һͶ뵽ͬ
ȴſǵˡ
, Ҳˢͬϡ
Ű׿˷ֱΪ
0ִС硶Ʒ꡷Ů򹤵Ʒꡣ
1С硶ʦͽ١̫ӵʿһ
1ŴС硶ӡ, Ůٳ
ź쿨˷ֱΪ
3硶ҡ׺׺ˡ
3硶һӺ񳾡
5硶ʥ
һɨ¶Цݡ
ܺãֿһ5磬һ磬, ܶƷˡ
رſǸ, ôֻҪſ, Ժ, ĻһƷϵС
, ڸ, ߵɫӰ
ϵͳȥһ˾ʥ硣
ɫӰ΢΢ͷõ, 
ЦЦϹ, Ǹ˿ǣ˳עᱻ˷ѵԴ
ɫӰٴεͷõģ
ݸߣ
ɫӰεͷ, ֣ץס硣
һ룬˵Ӱʧ
ֱʥ硣

ʥ磬һþ磬ԽŨԽԽʵٶҲԽ졣
Ǵ磬ΪͽһףͽףʦףʦĽף;ʥף硣ͬ߿ƳһƷƷľ𣬷ֱָ֧þС
֧⣬ľҲкܶ಻ͬãմѰпٵľƣֱһ˵Ԫޡ
һη͵磬֮£תһȦ
ȻȥʱѾ£˴ҩֲ׺µĶԵǸ˫ҩ԰ȥĽ׵ҩģĿϼܣֻһʱ棬׼øʵֲ¡
⻹дͬƷľ𣬴һƷƷСоиֻһžݳһ̳ľƵֻǱЯͬƷľҪѷɫһЩ
Ǹ汦ˡ
Ƴ档
ϵͳİ£ҵעȥĺüѾƳѣ÷עõ˴һƷƷͬƷ׵ľƳ档лһƷƳ桪ʱõҲһƷƳѣƳƳ潻䣬ŲĽָһƷƳ档
Ƴ԰ǵƷʼߵľƣ³ǳľƳ⣬һܣԸǵ˴һĸˡ
°ͣ˵ҸطרþƳ深ܡ
ɫӰվԣ飺ȪЩȪ۸ʺϾƳ棬ǵƷɵģҪС
ЦˣԺֵԼ۱ȸߡ룬ȪѾŸˣΧͶžƳе˵ȥɣͷ㿪һСռ䣬ʺϾƳȪˮһЩȥɲͬľƳ泲Ѩˡ
ɫӰͷӦõģ
ͻȻҪҰɣ
ɫӰ˵쳲ѨҪķңȪˮеԴתλҲҪķҡ
Ҿͷˡ
٣
ƾ͵ýʡ

ھʥȥһ3糤ͽ硣
Ǹ͵磬ŮŴӣնħ·ϻ֣վ顣
ɻìܣ˵˳ڼаĽŮͰĽŮ֮ͣأԳΪɵţ֮ԵҲ˶ˡ֪֮һŮ
оҪ˵һˣǵõſİ׺ˡ
׺ǸСɣǰ׺һִҲѪΪȥ׺²ֶΣȴװģǸ͵αӡαװ̫ˣʵҲֻ̤ĽףǺصġ
һ⣬ŮþӰ죬ʱѾ飬ͷ˹ϵºŮ̥ᣬƫƫʱڱչأͬŴ಻ϲŮŮܶŮֻܽڳ˸εĵطľѪһŮӤ
ŮΪѪǿǡ챦Ůȥᱦ׺Ҳ׷ѰűպÿŮ±ס
׺ϼ޻ŮŮӤһ̼ŮδֱߣѪ˼䡣׺˲źۼ׻һЩϢµŮӤŮĺӡ
һ̣׺˲һ뷨ɴŮŮʱᣬȻ׺ˣǱ׺סǿιʳһƿȪˮ
ڻȪˮϴˢ£ŮļһʱĿհףϰ׺طʾŮٴѵʱֻΪԼ;з챦⣬ڵ챦ûȫһһ
ˣŮȫǵԼ˺ӣҲ֪ŮΪԼӣ˸֪Եɡ
ֻа׺ˣŮӤľѸϲ񣬰Լİ׺žĸ̵˵һΪԼŮŮӤɴŮӤ
Ȼ׺ôҲ벻ıŮ˴ɵʿٰ󣬴ɲǸɣ޸˶Էӣ׺ҲӴʧˡ
벻ǣǸʿڵɣŮŵǸ
Ψһֵҵģǰ׺֮ǰȻˡ
֮ǰΪԼİ׺һʳڵŮ﷢ء
ʿδӣǸδŮİͽŮŮֿ֮Ϸ룬İͽ˵ȵȡǶľˡ

ڳ磬绹ǴһԴ
ĵرܶ࣬ųɾŵıﶼģעˣ˷ѵĿܡ
ﵫǿҲŽһʱҪӦٵģҲΪԴߣͻӰ쵽ܶ˵ߡ
ߴߵԴбȾķпԾ΢/̵ȣпǻעҩժҲӰ죩֮ࡣ
㣬ܶࡣ
ű࣬÷ķ÷ķ棬ֲֲ
ѸôĶսͬĻ

ԽʬΪǵİ磬иܾɱ˺һ磬һͷëϡףΪ綼Ǻڰģ˵ĵߣһʬʽ档
ӴԼĴǵ͵ʳѪԼŮȥʳѪԼǿ󲻶ʬʹʬѸ඼ɽʬɽʬ硣
඼ǵУΪһʬҲ˽ʬΪ硣Ҵ࣬Ϊʬǻʳġ

翴飬΢顣
ǵһְ磬ôģʬǻˣûзģȫѪչġʣô٣ʬȴԽԽ࣬ȥѵƨ
ѵ˵ַʽһĩȻģ
ſϡ
һӣΪ˸bugǶԿԼķʽǿʵʲȴڶ̶̼ͷںڵȫףɱʽϮ˥߶
ѾûԵǣλһӵӡǺܺá
ڵõſˣȪ̲ҩȸַʽԼָԹǿķ滻ԭǸĴġ
ֻҪǮ
硭
ԴЩʬˣȺ壬ʵıȴ࣬ҡǰõԴܵˣûб˷ѵġ
ˡ
ٿ¿Сǧ硣
0ǸǶаСֵ1Сǧһļֵǲһ˵ġ

ʦͽ硣
Ǵĩ£Ի˽ȡ˰ΪáƣڸŴд磬ǻʹȻ̫ȺѹʹǻʹҲЩֵԺһ㡣
ܶ೯Ҳ֣кܶɰҲ߹ٹᣬ֧ɳеĸǰȥ߹١ٷ⽮Ѿѳ͢ͬ˽ռΪ˰ãǽáֻĳЩطɡصŷʵ̫ǿշ˸õصĹԱ˸ߵ
ֻ֣ڳƿ֮µ£ѹֻ֬࣬ų谮ɺ͹ֺԼӻŮΨһˡ̫ӳ塪ΪʱѶλϻӢܰĸ
λ̫ƴӰԼĵλֻ۱ֻ۵ĸŵ̫ں̫ӵ׾˾ߵĴ󽫾̫֮λǲȵġ
󽫾Ϊ̫ӵİȫ˲ٰǰһ裬̫ӱʿ˶ӹڶ̶ȥ
Һҽ̫ӱסˣ̫Ҳ˺ܶ꣬ҽҲұ֤̫ӻʮ
ҽԭ̫һ΢ʱˣԺ˾Ч̫ӣΪ̫εˡ̫ж΢л֮ҲҺǴѪˣǡ֪һλҽűס̫ӵ춨֮λ
ԴӸ̫ߣ˴ǰ־ͱˣһԸõĴţһҲ̫ӻرΣΪԼİͳ죬ȫ渺İȫ
̫жǰʧְ󽫾Ȼŭеİ̫ʺ飬ͳͳᱻʹЩҲ̫ˡ
ڰһΪ̫ӵİͳ󣬾Ϊ̫ѵһŵİΪ˱֤ǵģǵ󣬷ǷʳԶĲܳΪ̫ߵˡⶾҲǰһóģأÿýҩڹ
һ̫ȥ̫о˾ǰ֧ţΣķ
һʼػ̫ӣ򲻵ѣʹϢҲ̫ĵطֻҪз紵ݶѱ̫ӣ̫ӵֵֵĴɱ̫Ρ
̫ļͣȻڵĴ·Ʈҡذնˮ֮УҪһѾߵĩ·Ĵ¡ûзҵܽ඾ķϧһֱûҵ취ʱԽãԸϸܣⶾϣ͸ã
ȥ̫Ѿʮˣûмɻ
ۿŴǧٿףѾȣֻ̫Ѿгͷĸѡܸմģп졣
ֻǰҵһֵи
̫Ѿƽʱһܡ
Ѿ̳üƥжֵİҲ̫֮һڰ￴̫ӡ
Լÿ궼ķѴʱϺذ棬ѰҸ̫ıҩǷ˷ѣһƺ̫ӷá
̫ӵ壬ת
ɶԲ⣬ʹ̫ܻʮ꣬ҲԶʱȥΣձԵ

ȵһźڼ׵ľӴ󲽶Уڽɫٿ趯һ硣׹ƺպա
ԭԾ¥̴֮ūǱСĽڿ˾ʱͷ׷ױһƬš
ͳͳͷǽ߿ҷһ
ڸİػ͢ĻǣҲͬҷһͳ죬ԽԽɲˣ
ƹ󣬾̫ӵ޾Ӵû̽ȥǹսԡ£һڽɫĳֿ첽ǰȥҩȡһͨƣһҩ󣬲סҩŲѸٵس̫ӵķǰߵ
洫ʵɤǰһˣɡ
ӡһԥŽȥֱ齱ߣ͵˵ǰ
벻󣬽һƱԴ㣬һɫҩɢ㡣
ֻƾܽҩǺġ
ϵӺݣݵֻʣһѹͷڰݣȻúãһݳҲ̸Ϻÿˡ
ֽӹ룬ͷһں£Ȼ˵һҪȥˡ̧۶ŰһѾ˼꣬Ψһѣ뿴һ𣿡
һ͵رۣն˵̫ӣһܻȥġ
Σֿ˿һҡͷ˵Ҫ˯һ
һڴߣȥ˯ɣԱ㡣
ᡰšһɰһԼ£۾
ȳ˯ź󣬰һȭͷָݽʳѪ
óȥ
̫ӳ˯󣬰һŻһ¯ҩ㣬Ȼ˳⡣
ʱ䣬Ѹٵȥ˷ȻڳƳһҩԥ̷ȥ
ҩɲǣѪڣգۼйΪʵһһεزӡҩңܵǿҵʹʹϰˣҲѾ˶꣬ʹǿ󣬲Ҫġ
һӲԼԼļޡ
㲻ɱʱȴûüɳֻһѡΪܱס̫ӵķʵȻɹˣܿΪ֣κ±̫ӣȻԼҲ֪Լ̣ԽǹǿԽ硣
һں
ʲôˣ̫Ӿʱп̫ݣһͱӴ˲ǡЧ̫ӴӲΪʲô飬Ǽɫ⡣
ദվú󣬰һ̫Ӵӷǳϲɶģ̫ӴһƬϣ̫Ҳġֻ̫жʹٰıҲû취ðôһһⱣ̫ӣϧ̫ӻŵʱܵһ˿˺̫׻ǲˣҲ͵ǡ
ʱһձһ٣һҲǷļֻ̫ӡ
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ʼ졢鳤γɺüϸ״ﲢʼŤػһ𣬱ͬһĶű˴˼ĲϵչγһŴ󹭵̬
Ŵ󹭵ϸڴֲܴڣ㴦ľҲԵʮּª
ûϵλûн
ȫעϸϸŴ󹭵̬ܶ͹ġǢ־ñϵظƽ
ֲ֪˶á
һɫɣӲǿĴ󹭣Ȼĵ֮ڣ
Ŵ󹭵ÿһϸڶΪϲãȷʵкܶСȵļףÿһ׶ܸ۳ͬͺŵĳ
˶սʱӦ൱ʵõģҲָС
ǡ
󹭵ɫδЩѿ
ٴμоǿӲظŴ󹭶һɫ
ɫ


113 
Ŵ󹭵ճ͡ɫ, Ȼһ˿򣬶һ˿ѸٱǿŴҲӿֳڹ÷
ٿȻ, һץɫĴѾȻ֮䡣
΢ĻѸٱŷ, Ŵ룬ǰ˵ļ֮ڡಡ
ֻһ֧ͨĳڼ֮, ˲תʵɢȻѹ綯ͷ, Ѿ۵˲ֱƿ졣
ǳɵü죬գۼʹ͸ϰ׿⣬ҵĿռų̲ǰ죬̶ֱȥ, ססס
Ȼûͷ, ǳҲû˿
ڣǰ˷һ
̽
ʱ, Ѿǧˡ
绹⡣
Ͼոûóȫ, һԶѣѾﵽôԶ΢, ƾڵʹȫӦܴﵽǧ⣬ټӰѾĻ°ͣӦлѷɻ
Ҳûʲôֵ, ûͨˡ֣ҲԴﵽһһ⻹ʮЧҪ֣˵ǴﵽȡôǶˣƷҲԶʤͨߣﵽŴֵʮѣʵܴнزŶԡ
Ͼ翴ǹŴֽרǴﵽ׵ʱ򣬴Ҳܰѷɻġ
뵽⣬ı
ѡ񹭼ΪԼıˣܲЩְɡ
ڿʼ׼ˣ

ͷԺҵǰȻʮͷޡ
ЩȫǶ׵ģǻ֮දģǧⲻϵܶʮֹܡ
ü۽˸ԲۼĿϸ׷Щ߹켣
һ롪
ಡ
һƿһۣ˲һͷڱĸǺڱڱ䶯֪ô£ǡ䶯Ĺ켣Ȼһ֧պô͸Ĳ
ڱһҽУڵϳ鴤ѡ
۳ȴϵͳʵĻɼݸƳģһзӦĻһ
Ѫʪһء
Ӻ󣬺ڱ
ʱŻΪһƵʧ
һ¸ոԼļٴδ
һΣ׼ĶһͷͻһͻȻһУӲýӽĳͷһ˿ûд׼Ҫ
ǣͷһ׼ͷ˲˵ڶڵһ̴ͻƤԺ󣬵ڶ׼ش
ͻһŭҲ䲻ĵصض
練ʡһԼղŵʧ󣬾ܼʹˣһ㶨ΪʲôҪ׼ȷȺҪġ
ڱʼʱдʱͺá
û̫࣬պȫעؼ
Զ۳ԽԽ࣬Ҫ֤ÿһһ׼ȷذĿɱ̵ʱһͷͷظɵ۳ޡÿһʱǰ˾ͻֶףȻ뷢ÿһĹ켣ͬÿһʱԵĿҲͬͬһʱ̣б׼޶Ҫȫɱ
սոյõĻеʣҲк顣
֪ƣ룬˫۲ϵϵѹեԼĻôһֱ˺üСʱ
ڣڵĻȫեɺź֪أо˱۰ʹеŵĴʹС
Ȼعָһɡ
糤ʱʧĵ
һ̣һֱӵڵϣ̲סһſ̯֫ƽڵˡ
ǻûһط۵ġ
ԣϢسһɫӰ
統ȻоĴڣЦرԹϵͳôң
ɫӰǱģ֪أȴһ˿Ǹ⡣
ղŽϵͳûдš
һ£ղԼ״̬ȷʵһ־֪ԼôϰȥÿһܸоԼ֮ǰܶ࣬ʱܾǰһжԼƿԡڻʱĹ켣ЩǰӿĹڻһ𣬱ÿһʱļɡ
ԭǶ
ͦġ
籾Ҳ汧Թϵͳϵͳô˵ˣŬضԴתɫӰǱߣ˵Ҵˡ
ɫӰ˵Ĵ
̿Ц
׼ϢһȵĻָˣټϰ
ôţۣʼתԪ
ɫӰ뷨Ȼʧ
ʧҵٴССĳ̶ȣͬʱȻעӯڡ
ĻñȴǰϺüٶӿĵһ㱻եɵĺɫС̰ʳŻءѸٵء

ʱڣܴҵլڴ󿴵ӡ
լסүү̣ʮֳ磬ÿֳʲôСֻҪһ㣬軹㶼û취ġ
һΣܵǴʲôСĵİϣڳشеϢֲܱ¶Լλϴ󣬵Ȼǲ𡪡լһһҲûϹֵġ
ô˵
լţ競˵ͦĵġ
̾˿ңأ˸̨
Ǻĵġ
ͻȻ䣬ܽ˸绰һʾǸİţеҶˡ̫ˣ룬ǽͨͨ
ãĿݵִ⣬Ƿйȡ㣬ҲԷУһȡ뷢͵ĶС
һ㶣ûݰ
Ҳ㶣һʲôԺ󣬲̬ȿ˵һλĹģǷʶˣǷ񷽱ȡ
˰ĶͶһµļ̫
˵ǵġ
æһͷ壬ͬʱ˵ʶģһϾͳáǧ˰ҳã
ǱߵһȻ̴Ӧ
ܴţȻس˳ȥ
ģĻ˭ϴ󰡣
ϴΪʲôĶĵĵʲô
ʣѾƵֱ
ǷļƣλԺｽϸˡ¬еƣںء
ܣôô죿Ҳˤˣ
ˣŲûֻͣԶԶػعһ䣺ȥøϻ
¬üԹ˵⺢ӣÿҲôɣ
Ѿ̵Ĺˣһͨܺ˳˴ſڡ
⣬ȻиԱš
ԱҲܽţΪլڵĵطŽɭϣסŵ˷Ǹ󡪡ͨĸ˻ѹûʸסȥġȻҲ棬ֻܴ绰ÿͻȡֱӷ
ܣԱ͸˸ƵģһװõֽСıܡ
ܱסͦ
һߺĶһҲز濪䡣
ܿ죬ܴŶصլ


114 һ
¬ſŹﱧŸͦӻ, ӻ˳ģЩ棺ܣˣ̫, ôûȷԷʱ
ܼߣ¬ЦҲţͱͶҸˣȻͷüӱһ
¬û˵˼ƽô, øݶѡ
ܺٺЦⲻԷһ, Ҳ֪, ҸѵҵʱرסҪ, ϶Ҫ
˵ټӴ󼸲˶ˡ
¬ҡҡͷҲû˵ʲô
ҵĺѵܹûøۼһ, ʵǺܸ˵ġ

ҳֽ, Сİֽ𿪡
ȻеסȻһ̳ӺͰôСƿ
ƿƷͦõģӦò, һ·, иɣȥƿܾǶҡӰ, ζ, Ƿۣ̳΢򿪵㣬ƮǾ㣬ܴľ㣬ûأǰȵЩƵġ
, ܸ뵽⣬æסԡ
ûȹ
ʱүү߽ӣһţϽ͵ܵԱߣȥǸ̳
ܷӦ죬˼Ѿ̳ӱʵʵġ
ˣСô¶᲻øүүȾƣ
ܾܶܲܺȾƣȥ

§̳Сƿɳһţմӿҵġ
ŷϵּ죬ϴġ
ʱˡ
ȰŲһ
д֣
̲һһΣ˶ˮ
һһСһΰ뱭
ǼУԼŰ졣
Ԫ֣ܲһǱ͸һ˿Ԫľر׼ÿһʶ͸ֱС
ĬȻ
ˣȻðġ
ʱڿǾƺͷ۵ʱ򣬱е
λϴ⻹дʹ˵϶ͨ⣬ɲܾô˷ˡ
ôһѰ˼ͷȻҲˡ
ľ̳ӱһߣæعүү֣ͨȵİ
ž̳ӣһղǾͲ
ССѵ𣿵Ȼǲˡ
ôͲˣСӰˣһ̳Ӿƶ᲻øүүȣ
Σֽүүһ˳ͰѾ̳Ӹ˻
᲻ãǺȷԻ군
⻰û˵ִ꣬ų𣺡ô˵أ군군ġ
⿴е뱧ͷܡ
ôôͻˣ
磬Ҳ˼
ѵСӡ
ܣҲǡ
߽¬ţô¶ͷ۸ˣ
һҺ
һɳϣ̳Ѿϣƿ
ҲڸˣǸǼСͬ޵λʦڼŪ˺öǼһݶ
ΪҪʰ̯ӣһʼܻλʦݣֵ¡еķüΣݲȫٺּнӴ֪٣֪٣Ϊ˸ʾö;ϵĺΪҲǸһȹҸĹϵͬʱҲȹ̸ԪĹϵ
ԪʵŴĸΧҲиŵĹһ˵Ǹģżʹ˵ȻͲȥ𱸵ܵˡ
ȻȻѾΪ̳ڴ󲿷־ºһЩΪҲǲùεļǵĸףѾλĶ롪סլ游Լ游ǵĸ
¬Թؿɷ򣺡ԴʦĶԵģ㣬㻹
˭ǳСץסص㣿ֱ˵λʦĲˣ˵ʲôö㣬鶼׶ˡ
ܣ
ðɣĴ
˵˵ʦĶõģǵ˶࣬ΪԷһѾˮͷ۸ȡһ㣬ȷûȾС
Щ͵ֶζȥǼм΢ס
͸ܵģرСÿȥһ㣬õȥ顣ûãѾȷȷʵԭװģûκͻأĶ̳ƿҲãûκ©
ҺûϴĶˣ԰ɣ
¬ЦҡҡͷȻ͸ģǾͲˣҲ࣬㶼ȥɡ
ܿɲֱ˵㿴ﶼ˵ôˣϴ˼͵ĶԸ˷ܸҵġҿɲүү˵ĳԶʳǴһȣȺһͷϴ󣬿ݲŪҪŪҾȥҲ˵һҼǵоﾭͺöȥɣرõľ;һȥ¸ϴ󡭡
˵䣬ѸóһСӣɾܵȵȣǷ˵ģȸڳļ˰뱭һƵضˣۣˮˮľֱӸһ
о⣺
Сӷͷͷǵͦˣͱôһڡ
ӦòǴڰǵηȥԺȻһˬĸоҲ˲һЩƣ˺ܶ࣬Ķڡ
˲ȥǸĵܵˣǶԼǰһСͽһڡ
˻ζ㴼Զȹĳ𣬾ҺԺһůθֱ͸ȫֽŶʱЩ΢΢
ͻȻ͸о
ܼı飬֪æҲԼιһΣҲͬһСơ˵ĸо࣬ΪʵҪһ㣬оǿңںۺ;ԺЩ̣ȥܼȦ
¬λˣǵĸоȻǿҵġ
ԺЩСģֽŷϵǳ̬ˣǵǺȵˮֺ°뱭ԺζôҲ˵ֻ˵ֺϴȥڳķɸУȫůʸУܵذ۾
Ҵȱ̲ƷõģǱÿһЧϼġ
³һûƽʱⶺŪСʱͯо˵ͷ׼һݺܴȥλʦԺʦĹϵҪάСִ绰ϵǶ壬һҼǵǽоɣһǼҵĿ϶æʵ
¬Ÿϰ䣺ܣҲǰȵؼԺҲȣͱˣȻ׼ԼȴоȥôŮˣƽʱ֪æææҲ塣
ܵȻڴӦ
Ҳܹļ彡ĺ

յöСܺţҲյˣţҾͨ˼ңûôֱ࣬Ӱ˵ǷźˣЧţ⣬˿ɲ֪ʦʦģֻǮıƷֻôǱߵز֮ء
СܾͲͬˣʱպøǰһλһ۾Ϳ˶ĺû


115 Ԫ
ʱСڷæϡΪСܵǸ, ǸԹҷͨˣƽֱʹҲæú, вġ
Ǵǽ, Сܼ˲֪۵Ĵڡʵǿ򼶱, ûرѸ㶨Σò, һ㶼ϢظСܴһԼ, æ, ֱʱб˳顣
ݵſʱ, Сȥ, Żȫʱ򣬺۾ȳ˳ӡ
Ũ
Сֶ˶ϵĶҲ˶١
ܱĺ˵Ũʲôˣ
ؿС, ȻϰһһʱһʱĴӣ濴˻̲סԿǡ
ǵԼ, û, ְֱѶ˹, ³ײ, ϸطֱһ¡
ҩƺͷ, ǺöҩԺº͡Ҳ𿪣ɨһۣѻͦ, ˵͸㣬ʵǸȫҵ塣ʹ˺ô࣬Ժܰǿ
ܽ᣺ֱʡܲŪôõĶûƷģǾƵҩﲻôԲڣҲһѣķûôʺܶ࣬ᴿܴﵽһЧ
СգգۣȻðһͷô󷽣ǲǲýӦøĽаְ֣Ԫǡ裿
˼Ưһ˲䣬Ͻסԡ
Сܻع񣬺һԪǹġǰûܸôбµѣ̫ôţˡ
΢飺ˣкöðɡ
СܺٺЦǹĵʣû
һůҡͷ˵ô󡣡
Сܣǻеõģ
ʵ˵ܴһãþ˷ˡ
С룬Ц˵ŮѣҼһģøֵǷţǳζҲ˵˷ѡ
Įϣ¶һĨЦݡ
Сܿˡ


ÿһֻһϴһâش͸ȥգۼ͵˶ֵǰû߳Ǹ֡
һ˵Ĺš
һѳɫĳǹԶԶվĶ棬ǳƿնȥʱֵĳǹȻһѾļͷⳤٿȻڵϡͬʱĵڶҲȥǳǹȻٴζҲٴ赭дؽ䡣
ӶֳֺĳûһƿԷǹķҲԶԵôݲȣƺÿһ޷κ˺
û٣ÿθֶսʱڶȫ϶Էģ᲻ϵرԷѹƣܶԷҲŸսڲϽɵﵽһ޵ʱ򣬶ֵĽͻỺֻܶ࣬ҪϿҲܿӦ׷ȥóĽ
ʺĶ֣
ʱѺܶ࣬ҲԲǵԡĺȾɵģҪˮĥոһյĿܲϾ
۳ĥ¼֮ѡζ֣ȸζȺ
òͬĶֽսļƣҲвһ˿Ѫԡ

ɺ뿪С
һʱ䣬е֣ʮˣôԪû
ƽʱ䣬ʱԪӦڳæҲӦڰϴϴвʲôġȷʵڳҲϴˣȻԪȴڼҡ
ļǣƷûˣԪû绰ֱԼȥ˳СһȥԪܾˣûȴʳġ
ɰԪĽų̣Ӧøõ˰ɣ
е㲻ģóֻ˸롣
ֻܿͨˣԪɤ
ҳˡ
֮⣬ܻܿ
ԪǸӰģԴԽԽϤҲԪҪ绰ʱԪ͸ֻƺеʧ棬ҲԵñƽʱ˵ʱһЩûʲô鲨Ƶġ
ͷһԪ˼ΪԼĬеˣڸּ֮࣬ɲü
ΪûüشԪʱ˶治ԶиŮ
ףæȵһȺˡ
Ůܻã͸һ˿ƽ⡣
ѿڶԪˣ
Ǳֱ˵·ġ
ȻԪǱߵ˵ǸҸʱ䣬ˡŻнŲƺԪһ绰һȥ
е㲻˼Ҳ֪ԼΪʲô˼뻹ǲ̫ףֻ˵ɣ·עⰲȫ
ԪǱߴӦһ
Ҷϵ绰ʣû¶ꡣ
ԪȻ˵㻰ûӣѾˡ
ƷźԺ󣬺ܿϴɳ˺
ϴһˣݸԪ
Ԫ˵Ǳ߳ˡ
һ£ȻŷӦ
ʲôǱߣ
Ԫһسˣһֱ˵ڳƷʱ򣬾ҵľҸ򣬸ҴԺָ·
һӦ
˼ǣڵ绰Ǹ·ӣڳʱ͸ڨˣǾ˽Ů
Ԫšһܽ᣺⡣
šüе㲻ˡ
֪ˣͷҸҸ˵һ¡
ǱߵҲǿģͬԪȷʵи˽Ůоûͦÿģ˵ڶȦﻹеǸŶվͨüԵ£˽ŮǱȽܾصģҲܴ
еƲ⣬Ǿ׼ģȻϲ̫ȥȷṫʱҲ˵ùȥˡ
ԣԪϳ
ɾڳԪڨΪʲôĹˣûкôǲġȻ֣϶ɺϣһйء
Ԫ֡šһרĳˡ
ƺôһᡣ
ɸԪֵͬʱҲʼʶæ
[ϵͳʲô˼]
ϵͳܿش
[ǷȥӽԪģӽԪԭǽԪӽ]
һ㶡
[Ԫӽң]
ϵͳش
[ǵģ]
ʹˡ
[ԸϣԪĹϵܺãĴǽԪڨԪעΪԪŮѡԪܸʱ˳¸飬ھĸ飬;ϣ˻ỽԾĸ֮顣]
⻰Цˡ
ĸ֮飿ô棬֪ʵȴŲʣֻ羣ô꣬Ծʲô֮飬磿δ쿪
ǣƾʲôһ˽Ů£ԪôǸӣӸ˽ŮȻԸԼĺϲ˽Ů
ܿ죬紽ߵЦ䡣
ϸʵҲûʲô׵ģǸȷʵ˻ϲģɫܾΪһԪذɣ˵ԪڱͱĿġԼǮȨƣΪĿĲֶΣΪҲһҲǲ֪׾ӣֻǾһ·һνܵܶԾϸ鲻̫쾣ϵҲƣΪ¶Ǹû飬ҲΪɡ˽ǻôˣں⣿
ȻҲųΪ浥ܱ򶯣ͻڴ֮顣ֻΪƾ䣬ƫھɡ


116 ϵİ
Ӻ, Իڳ˵Ԫ˵ȥҸ绰ɡ
Ԫûӿ
ͷϡ
Ȼϴϴ߳óֻͨ롣
, Ǳ߽ͨˡ

ڰ칫ļܶ, ٶȺܿ, ر˵ܸܵĶԺ, ˺ܶ࣬ЧȻҲ͸˺ܶ, ٶȶﵽǰˡ
, ˣҲġ
۾׼һʱϵֻˡ
, ͨ绰
ܵŪģ˸ϵǶʱֵͨ绰⣬Ϥ, ĸ鶼㷢Ժ󣬳ֵȻҲҵ绰ࡣ
رסһ˵ദֻǱֵܸͨ, ȴûô
绰»ʲô°ɡ
뵽, ̽ͨ
ȻܵϤɤ, ҲĴǸƢõĵܵ, شʱƺеġ
ϾϾ֪ԭ, ɫ
£֪, ½, һӴľѻȡ
Ǳ˵˼ʲôϰãģһעⰲȫԼҲҪע⣬⼸ʱˣʲôҪͺáͶһᰲһŵģ˹ᡣ
ǱߴӦˣϲŰѵ绰Ҷϡ
Ȼڲ绰ͨ롣
Ӻ󣬺üѸٴļ칫ңŹϺ󣬿ʼѯ
϶һʵǾ鷳𣬾Ȼ˼ҵܵܵ鷳ֶһʣô£ûˣǱߵĶԽôˣǱڳûУ
⼸ǾϵĸǸһ·ƴĸϺܶ²ǣܶҪҲᰲȥ
˴֮䲻λأǾԲܱġ
ҲûþʧѸٶԾϻ㱨
Ǳߵ¹̳鷳µĵƤִ͹ĹȺѾǿнͣϢҸģһ˸ףھǱߵʽѾסתһЩܴĿΪʽҲ޷룬Ѿʧ˲ٿõԴæڽ񣬲Ȼү鷳Ϊ˯Ϣʱ䣬ǻȥѻæһ㡣
ϵͷӿٶȡ
˽˽ŮѾˣھæµʱмıŵһЩط£ͷ˵ңڽͷöҲǱ˲ӣŬʰԼ̯ӡǶ佻ʻҲص۲󣬵ǰʱΪûʲô쳣Ҫ澣һЩļ幫Ӹ֮žһЩС鷳ǸûСͻȻȥУǵ˸ȥ֣ӽүĺԪү׼ĿԺϱ
ֵͷĿĲ˾ֵ֮µģøһ㡣˶٣˼
۲˽Ůæ˵ȷϵûУǸ󴬹ϵһЩʵʽչЩ鷳ҲǷֱ˽˻֮䲻֪˴˵ĴڣǵȦغ϶ȷǳСغ΢һĻ໹ìܣ״̬СʮûʵԵĽչżСͷǼʹҷҲģɣӰ졣
Ǿ֪˴˵Ĵڣҵʵʵ֤ݺһݣǺúÿĿһˣֹ
̴Ӧ
֮ǸǱ߶Խӵ˵ˡ
ҳ˸Ϣ⣬ǹϵ׽ļҲֶ˾ĲĿ⻹һЩҹϵļҲҵİףͬϺܶ鷳ƺǺкøУܶ෽涼Ǣ
⣬Ҷݺ׽˰ʾƺүйϵ
ϱɫѿģԼҵܵܺüͷչ
Сǹϵܺõѡ
Խӵ˵ǵģԴүԺǸ֮ȷʱϵ˺ܶ࣬ҶҲһֱ׽״̬үб¡
ˣҲû˵ʲôֻһЩţ
¶ҪãҪǣҪþһ˿ܴСĻᡣСһ˵ĵܵܣûκιϵ˽Ůûйϵ
СԻЩչһҵܵܣС绹ڵ۶ʱ򣬼ȱʲôСһ˰ɡԺһСǹʵġ
ڴӦ뿪칫Һ󣬶Ѹٵȥˡ
˵ģҲǺϲλһүġ
ȻΪϵĸȫ֪ΪѰ׵ܵж࣬ҵϣжãںòһԺ˽¼λȻһӡоҲүǿǾܵĵܵܣȴǻᵣһ֪֪治֪ģһүǱնԾֻܲΪԭܲǾǶϣգҲ̫þˣҲ̫ˡ
ʱ죬˾ͲôΪˡ
Ǿһһ쿪ģģȻǾҲˡǰ֪ܵĵغãɻǻΪκϵĮηҲܵĳһҵүԺͲͬˣֱܼۿɼƽʱҲһЦģڻ㱨ʱҲôӲˣżԿЦǻص˾ܸմҵõ״̬үΪľܵпվͷ˵͸ܺòҵıƷþܵԸˡ
ҲֻǾү˲ܵû׷ѣΪܵ״̬öаݼڵ
ɺַ֣үǻ˾ĸ飬ð
˼ҵүִҪԼҸȥǲƨɣүͲͬˣ竳ѣûˣ˹ϵرãֱöԷļҸѰ˺ϵ˴˺ǳ˿СìȻǲɱ⣬ĳͻûУܶڸ˾ʱ췭ظ£ڸҺʱ򣬺˳ؾͨЭ̽ȻԷԸú˵ȻҲ£һȥģҺ͸ˡһУҲȫүͱٸʹɡ
ҵϵİ⣬һȺ˵ĻǣүǸġȫûһǱ߿˼һһֻԸǾˣֻľܣҲֻܾܡ
Ҳǰû۲Ƿ֣үû磬Ծû⣬ȫûоһ˿
׵ܵܣܲΪܸأ

һߣҶϵ绰ߵ
ԪѾ÷ڰѲ϶ˡ
ϽȥæܿԪһ
˶û˴˿һ߿һ
ֱӸԪ˵⼸ҲȥˣڼҰɣҸ˵רŰһ˸ҪĶ
ԪӦ
е㲻˼ѵͣȸһ⣬᲻ģ


117 עapp
⻰, Ԫƺе졣
˵ϲȥͿˡ
磺
Ŷôˡ
ƾʵȥĻ, ˭ܶסǣ
粻Цͷӻ, ˡ
ԪһŴϺʡ
糯ȥԪûʲô, ƺѯʵؿ֪ô, ܺá
Ȼؾһţ⡣
˽죬Ǹƽһá
ҸǱ߲, ʱһȥΰɡ
ȥģ
ͿˣȥĶС
Ҳǡ
糯ԪЦЦҲǣԪžûʲôȥȥ֣Ԫ벻һ, ʲʾһˡ
Ҫ, Ҳʱȥ, ʱڳ
Ԫͷá
룬˵Ц˼, ҸǱ߶֣ҲôӾһ̹
Ԫһû㡣
̲סЦ, һ¶Ǳ߶֪еǷı, Ҹ߻֪, Ҳе㲻ζҸҸ˵˵
Ԫ⡣̧, ּһϺʣ˵ۺ;ƺԡ
Ҳôģͷĺö࣬ܲϲŲãֱӱ¶Լʦݾͷˡ粻ѰףѰҲѰ
ûappעһ¡
Ԫ˵ԣġ
ЦЦʵҲô£һͼһɣסһʱ䣬Ҳ⻹У岻鷳ʱҲüֵ
Ӳ
Ԫٵͷһ
ˡ
˵˾ڳ극ϴԺ󣬾һappϽעᡪԺʱͲοˣǸ鳩ͨʽԱ

ڰĸȥԺִһ񣬻ǶԵܵܵİȫ̫ġ˼ⲿʶ˴˵绰
ⲿ绰ģȽױ˹ӶϮķǸߣͷĵ绰ἶһЩϲҷ񣬻ϹȻһ
Ǳߺܿͨ
˵Ӷҵܵһʱ䣬֪ɲУ
ǵģھǻˣɴҺõߴȥͬʱܵ˵˵кܶࡢҪŬȫ¡
ͬʱҲԼеоҲܵܲһ֪֪֪֮ܵܵⶼΪֳõ֪ܵ¡
ⲿǱ߶ԾϻǺܿصģرǾܵϮǴΣиǿ߱ٽɱһֱ˾ϵҪԡⲿŶǸе㴹ѣҲԷõĹϵôھߣǵȻҲҪչһġ
ֻϧԺǲ鲻ǸߵݣǸҲûйʲôϵʱˣҲʱ¸ˡ
ھ
ⲿ߰һ£һоĶӳٴϼѵҪֵСӣһȥ
ǿΣճ̶Ȳߣ໹Ϊ˱⾣ɧžһ׵ܵܣֻ߹ǽ׶ܵ֡
ǲ˲飬жϣֳܷ˼ļʷǳСǶע㣬Էһͺá

ߣԪһappӰ˵ɨһ顣
appϻǽ񣬶ǰпҲǱùٷ֪Լϵݰɡÿ˵ĻûйҪԱĵȼʾԱöȡһ̶ϴԱʵ
Ϊÿθ˽ⱻɣܻһ֣˳ģܻһ֣̳һ׵ģܻһ֡ͱǸͶ߰飬ͶߵʱѾעԱĻͶ߳ɹԺʵԴΪ⣬Եõ֣ȻǺͶߣ۳֡
ԺԪڣ뷨
ͷ¶Ц㣬̫ùˣһΪҸǱ߳־͹æءȻôУһķϣҲҵӣĵضȹꡣ
Ԫ룺Ҫ𣿡
һ㶣˵ôˣԪҲ֪˼
Ԫ˵ʲô
ݸԪ֪֪֧ġ
ǣֱ˵Լ뷨ˣҵ˼ǣɴˡɡ
Ԫ˼ЩŮ
Цû
Ȼ뿪˱
ûκ˷ǵټǵӰл㱵ģӰӣüٶǰǸÿ䶼൱ֵĵطС
ҪҵˣǰȺŮ


ڷĲ԰Ůڶ棬ֵϣһ˿ζ
λʦ˼ˡ
ЦҲǼҳ󣬵ȻҪСæҵȻҲ˵ʵ顣Ȼ԰С˵ΪѣҲֱֻ˵ǲ⣬ȥꡣ
һЦλжСæʲô˵ҲǶԷǰλʦҲûҪѣҵϱˣûϵġ˵ʦ£ŸҲЩġɣ⼸ҰѲݽйصĽãҴСһˣλĵ˯һ
Ц˵Ǿˡ
ȶ˲ྴʦˡ
ڴ˵Ҫþܵʲô̶ȵľԺӶһҩģƹȥ
ȵͫȻ󣬼ۿʱƻò˶ԵЩ
ʦǣ
΢΢һЦǸСĶҹﱼ̫࣬ܲðСæһһ̻ݣҵһ⡣Ժ󣬻Ϊβ
ɫҲĶδӦ뱨һλʦ귢Ժһ·ĶģĻȥǵĺôأ
һָ۰̻˻ȥ
Ҳ¡
ü
Ů￪ݺܿ˷ˡǵõǿϲҲСǵĻԵˡ
̻ݿɲʲôͨĲݣ÷ǳ󣬹˼壬ֻҪһȥԺ󣬾ԼĻȹ̣ǿǶԷĵʹı˻йˣҲԱؾ£°ѻ
˵Թ˵Ǳģ
ó꣬ȻǾһѡġ
ֿܵջ־ҲǺܼᶨˣѾ̤˹޵ĵ·
תһȦͷ绹ǰѹ̻ƻȥȰС㲻գߵæˡ⣬ֻЩ΢ı꣬Сֻܷ°ɡ
ܾһѾҪѪˣʵû취پܾڶΣ׻ǰ̻ݸͬʱҲ¶˾ģһҪ׵Ľãλʦѽ°쵽ãŲ̻ݡ
˵硢Ԫ͸ȸˡ
վ뿪˵ӰԺ˿
ʵʹʵ˺ܶ࣬ɾǿλʦܿ¡ֻҪǵǰһֺɽѹĸоĶǾη
ֵǿҲ٣ǣûκһˣðȲĸо


118 һ
ʱ, ŮƮȻӵڰȵߣ鲻Խض¶, ճյؿŻûĹ̻ݡ
ջ˼ֺЦһǵͷôôûϢ
Ůߴߴ
׽ոҲ¶ˣ
û̻̫ϡˡ
ʦ, ֮󻹻еĶ԰ɣ
ѽѽ, أ
ǵɹˡ
Ƕ˵, ˵ʦǸˣȺúð¡ʦ˵εĽùȥ˶٣ǻµġˣµĽ÷һ̻, ͸С˺С, ʵ, ȸѻ, ҲԷһǽ۵ڲףԺʲô, һ١
˵ʱ, ЦЦҲ, ҿеҳ, Ҳ̻ݵ, ǲҶˣͷҲ, ٴƽ֡
ŮǶŷ, ҲŽ, ԰ȵİû
׷˵
Ƕ׽ġ
׽˵öԣһ٣³ɺ͸С˺С
С˺Сܸж̲ס§§
֮һȺŮ˼棬һزıˡ
粢ûи˵̫ϸֻǵ˵ԼϵĹϵ;߼ʵϵܴķ粨ŮҲᣬֻҪģٶΧ۹һ;úܶ죬ĶͿԼˡ
Ȼٷһ

˸Ρ
»صɽѧʱ
֪ԼΣΪ»ﰵ룬ȻٸܶģΪ˵õϼҵ֧֣ҪȢġɲ¾ǸСӣ֪ô㵽ҩڴѧͱе£ٱʾԼֻ䣬϶ܴϼҵõ࣬˵Ů˺ӣҲٸˣȻǰϼСͶʵĿ׬Ǯˡ
Ȼػһβûô˳
Ŷ꣬ѾԲ˿ˣܸĸ˻Ǻܿάõģͺﶼ״̬£ѧУѧϰҲ࣬ͰѧУѧĶˣɼһǧɡ
ҧعȴûô㣬ȻҲͽ˼Ķҡ
ĳһ죬żȻ˵ܽͲлؼֵذɡ
Ȼѣһһ̿ྫ
ֻҲˣûܿе۶ѧֻǿﵽߡ
ǵ۶رѧ꣬׷䣬ΪͬУѧѧѾǷٱֵöһлᡣ
ȻܽѧУǸرԶˣôֻлѱǰ˼ǰҵȡǸرоҵᡪҺڲúǰѧϰԼĶˣܰѴ󲿷˼ѧҵϡ
Ժ󣬻ǴﵽĿģͨϱʶǸʶ䡭
һжȻ
ȻƻҩʱΪԼжٴϼҵʱ򣬲֪ĸڳ⣬ֽűϼ˷ˡ
ϼҲȻŭϿıƵ΢ϼҵĶ֣еıǿѹ֮º֮أޱǱ˶֪˶֣ҵϣߵĶġĽġģȫҲûκԸôһպݶˡ
ϼҵĶͷӴϼȴƷһظͷģöͷҲɲ˱ܡʱͻȻɱˡ
ǰ䴩һ£ھϼұȵǺѪµ仯ΪŮҹҹؽžûûҹ߰޷оľ㣬̻̲֮ͬ
ͻȻ䣬͵ˮʪ·
Լ֣ʮŵ״̬ףԼ˸Ρ
ҺΡ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôμЩǸڸá
ھ׼ƣȿڿȶʱͻȻһ硣
һϤŮ

͵תͷ
Ұ׵ġٿؿ
ѪٿȻ£ЦΡһ

ֵĽҹա
ٴҵΡ
ûУû䡣
ѵ˵ոյĻΣ
ԣǲǻûѹ
ܻţæӴָҪȥơ
Ӧѹ˰ɣѾ˰ɣ
ͻȻ䣬Ŷ롣
ƻͨ
ڿϤʱ³һҲŽƽ
ѹˡ
˿̣չ賿һ㡣
кüСʱǣѾ˯ˡ
ֻ֪Ǹʼ
ԺÿһһΡȴΪʵģΪԼ£ÿζ־ʱӸߴ£ȻʳšǲֶϽš̱Ϊؤɱˡ
ɱŮߡ
ʹÿÿΪԼجѣַجһһ㣬⣬ֲξʵ
ĹЧʴ󽵵ͣҲԿܶͬе壬˺ܶ൱˺ܶͿľߡ
ûܼʱӦʱʲڲˮ
ͬʱƢһһ챩꣬κһˣҲܶ˻в
˽ŮǣԵСƵ
Ƕ֣ͷѹŵǸѾ˻Ƕ궯ˡ

ⲿŰŵڸϹͨ׼ʱı
Ҳ׼ʱţǴ˸к
˳ˡ
һС飬׿⼸дᣬΪӳǸǾḻġ
ϵͷ⼸鷳λˡ
ӳЦЦҪܶչˡ
϶ߵ˵Сԣ鷳⼸λһ·䣬ȥһˡ
ԸڴӦȻСԱ¶һò΢Цλ
ţϳţڱſڣ塣


ͻȻ䣬ϵͳʾ𣬴
[ˡ]
ԪϵͳԣֻҪת붨ڲϵͳѺ
˭ˣ
ϵͳش
[ֳ]
[ԪѾȥš]
һæվ
ҸϿȥڿɣҸֱںϡ
[õģ]
һ룬ͷԼվɳԱߡ
ļҲҪȥŵģǸһ𡰿ӡԪһڸߵſڣŴ򿪡
Ҳ˹ȥ
ȻſԺǾ˽
糯ЦЦ磬
߹ȥһߵĵɳϡ
Ԫ¹ϣһࡣ
ѵÿôֹģʣôˣ
˵еҪ̸̸
㶣ôࣿ
ǸɴˣҲֱ˵ˡ
С֪𣿡
ȻǸϬҲһֵ֮Ĵ̹ס
ˬػش𣺡֪
϶˶٣ǲǣ
ˬˣҲǡ


119 ֵܼ̹
һҭ
Ҳûʲô, ǾͲǰɣǷۺ;Ҳǵܴܵ·Ūġ
ǾϾ׼ԹģֱӽԼҵ߱ڵ¡
Ȼû˵ܾܵͲһ䡣
˵ҸԪӦʿһɡ
ҭҭ
ʿָʦ
һЦ, ͷǡ
Ͽŵܴܵı, еΣô£
ЦŻش𣺡Ǹʦɽһɵ, ʦɽͳĵʦ, Ǳơʦʱʵһ׳ơЩŴɵıȣǾҰ·, ֶһ, ʩʱʦɽһЩͳ̵Ҳͬ
϶Դ˱ʾ⡣
ڷ仯оܶĻ, ֪ǵ൱, ܶнҲкܶû䣬кܶʧġĵȵȣоͳϰո㲻ǡʦʦسƺʵǱʾ𾴶ѡ
ոܵ˵ʿʱ, һʱ뵽Ҳʦ
ʦʿб°Ǻ¡
ʱСҲߣʿʿıҲģӳɼ׶, ʿ, ҪվϷ硪ܸ߳ǰ, ϾкܶʿǱйء
ߵĳֺΪı仯Ļʿ˵ҲкܴİӴʿֶΣѾܴﵽһЩŴĳ̶ˡ
ϳţǷۺ;ơ
˵õԼķʽġ
ϱʾףϸڣûˡ
ڸпǿͬʱĻеСεġ
ʵɣѹͲʲôʿȻʿǰڻ֮ڵģȫֻͬ˵ʱʿݸñһ㡣
ԪԪʲô㲻Ԫʱ򣬴˵˶ǡʿģôҲֻôܰɡ
粹Ժлߡʿ֮ܣɱǽʲôʦ˵ҺԪʿͺá
ȻһڴӦ
룬˵ʿǲҪܶ෨ģСԪҪҿȥ·ŪһЩ
Цҡҡֻǵˣ磬Ҹһ룬ɨԺиappǸⲿģͦõġͷҲעһ»ԱûȥĸϢҲͦá
绰Ҳ֪Լǰײˡ
ȵܵû취ӦΣԼǰײġ
ܿ죬ϻapp
һʱһ߸죬Ѿȷʿݣ׸統ȻͲٺ֮ǰһǾѸ֪ôܣôȥСʶɣȥеȵȶ˵˵
ָֻỮͻȻ䣬ʲôתͷ硣
һ£ʣС磬Ǹⲿűǲ㣿
һ
û˵ģû뵽³ˡ
Ȼ³Ҳûʲôģ͵ͷϡ
ϸˣеѵ˵ôʱϳ𣿡
˼ʧЦϳϳϳҸ硣
Ȼ
ЦҲǵðɣڵĸԺǮǵҲлܵѣҿһֱͦжġǴҸԪȥ棬ʲôħֵҪ㣬ҪĸˣҲⲿ磬㣬ҾǣȻԪһˡ˵⣬Цڸҵ֮ǰҺԪѾͦˣû뵽ⶰǸΪġ
ţҲ͡
˵ţܵ㱨ˣû뵽ǣչ㡭֪ɣʿӦҲŷ֣ԭ׸硣һֱ֪Ϊˣû뵽ҵǸңʱͦģͦţ֪Ҫôʱȹˡ
̲꣬ס̧֣ļ硣
ɺϣǣܸˡ
ͦҲҲĶˣȻ׵ܵܡ
ܵܣ̫Եˡ
ֻǡ
еε˵¾£ϵⲿţǹӶߣ׼ɸǱġ
ɴǴε¶ϾףǸԾḻСҲûܵôĻһé®ģҪΣˣǱܣܱǰ
Ҳôˣж̲֮࣬סЦˡ
û£Ըž͸ŰѣǱӦòˣˣǻȥ
Ͽ磺Ծʲô
ûǵҸļŮɣڶ￪أ˵ԴӶǹȥҾ鷳ûĻ֮Ǳ˯þˣҲûʲôǵ¶
϶Ծ
ܵģǾɣһᶢ
ͷͬ˯þ׳Щֶܸ㶨̳ǹģȫˡ
˵ġ
ֵһ̸ﶼס
˵ǼѾڸˣ㿴
磺ǰ֮ǰĴ㣬ܸʶ£ҲҲʿ
ϲ죺ǲᷢ𣿡
ҡͷֲˡ˶٣ҲҪʶ˶鷳ҺԪѧѸྫѧУ
޳۵ģ𿴵ܵѾʿˣɱϾŸճ겻ãѧϰʱµܵѾʿˣȱǮԼҲԲõܵȱǮʱѧץʱѧĶҲǺõһ¡
ҾȲ˵Լı°ɡ

ΪǴⲿˣڹٷʿ˼ҸӣǲҪҲðӸȥ
ԪԼϵϢһıȥк
ǸСҲͦӵģڿɳŵأ˹ȥԺǾͶվ̬ͦ
һۡ
˵ʵڵģʵͨ
ʹΪǸӵģʵҲûдﵽһףܴ񼶱𲻻ܸߡ׾Ƕϣǽӽһ׵ʵѾˣͨ˻鷳Ҳܽġ
ǼԱʵ͸ѷɫһЩ
ŶڸսܹһʱѵͣûΣĿǰˮƽӦԵΣտҲֻ͵Ǹѡ
֣ҽܣλ磬һˡ
ǸӳҲֺ֣󣬺ͺ˵СĳԱһʱҪˡ˵ǻְߣǸʲôʲôǵ˻ᱣֵʹڸУȥǵġΣϮǲŻ֣ƽʱǵǲھͺá
Ҳͺģ˵ǾλָˡǵȻŸλҵʲôҪϵģҲֱ˵Ƕġ
ӳЦƽ׽ˣҲû̫£ֻλŵĻһҪ˽뿪ͬһ𡣡
ҲڴӦǵȻģҲ֪ڵ˽жøλΪѵġλֻܷġ
ؿţȿˣС鼸ҲһһǵĴš
⹤ʱôǱҪܶġ


120 ӳֱ
, Ҳʶˣ͸Ǿϵˡ
ⲿŵ˲ŵȻֵдʹѾ֪ԼĵܵʵڶԷ֮, 仹һܸܵεյĺԪ, ⲿŸǻס, Ҳ˶ⲿŵ˿ĵ
, Ͱ֮ǰ뷨, ϵƸĳӴ˹, ˴ʵʳģھϵıһϺõϯ棬ⲿŵһмˡ
СĳԱǸܵߵд͵͵һۣﶼ΢΢һ, Ҳһĸо
Ѿ, ʵҲ, ɱ˵, ڲǰǸͨ˶, ԾҴټŵ̳¹, ǳ, Ҳûһ컹ܸ±仯, ھȻʸ񱻶ԷƸ, ƸԷòһ׵ܵܣ
ͬʱͬܵϴ˽ȣûоʲô, ܸо˵
, ͦŵ, ô˵ʱ, ǻеš
ӰͶԪ
֪ǸǾϵĵܵܣһ͵ģҪעϡһ־ã治һˣöãҲáλ˵Ǹ߲һҲڸԺﳤģֺʣǾȻҲеš
ǣ
ֵô£
ӵĶӳȻԱǵ뷨˿ϡڼǲȾƵģζЦЦ
ЩӹһʣһҲҪǸ˼Ǵ򽻵Ժöˣδÿζ˴ӣܿǶһԼȥ񣬵ʱ˼ӽӴľͻǣʱǱƭʲôͺ𣿾ûƭǺôҲǴٷѹ޹⻰˵Ҳÿ
һٷ꣬ҸϤˡ
ԱǴһƬȻû̫˽ģҲͦǢġ
Ǳٷ;
ⷽ浹ûʲôģΪٷڸط˰ţرһЩٷǿ˶Ըصܼءÿ߾ѶǻжߵģܱѸټصûЩأԼ̸ˡ
Щ߾ѵķʽȽΣû̱֣С˵ܵ˲жˣɴ˻ǺͨˣھѵĵһʱоǸˣǺ¡ЩԼԼˣŶҲҶ˶Թٷǿڹģƽʱʱֲܻᷢιҵۣ뵽ĻٷȻȻģٷûйǵΣҲ֪ⲢһżȻ¼ǵͬܶࡪһֱӼٷ˹һжӹٷİš
Щǡ߾֪һЩֱҵЩߵ͵ٷѵ֮ôѵɳģúʽٷõҲΪٷߵĻʯҲùȹ̵ĸ֮һ
ĿǰɳļӣһǱƼģܾʱֵģһ̼ܾܵѣͶٷ
ǵܽѵʱԼȷ֪ĿǰҲȷ֪ھһһظҴ򹤡ǰԱˡ
һһ΢΢ͷ
Ĳ࣬ȻѸó³̣ٶȴȶĿҲȫԺ󲻹ٷʲô£Ԥģⶼ̫Ļҡ
ţߵⷨҲ½֣Ͼ߸ͨǲһģҪصķҲǲһġ

ϣԪصڵı
СĶӳһһ¥ֵ࣬ҹľͱھϵıϢְࡣ
ûֻЦЦλԱ㣬Ȼط䡣
СӳҲЦЦϢɣȫͶˡ
ͷԪһ¥
˵Ӱʧ󣬶ӳŵǸԱϵϢ
ӰԼѵѧģͷųһ֣ȡȵطʱ졣ӳͳһСľӣɢ˦Сĵ¶һ⣬͸ͨСľûʲô𣬵˴˼ʵγһϵֻҪ룬̱Ƿ֡
úЩ˲΢΢ɣɳϡ
Ա˵ӳ˻ȥģرǸϾܣҲ֪ôģСôĶӶûˡ
ӳЦЦû
ǾѵߣǾھܵľˣϲƵģԾ˸ǿϡֻҪϵĶܿƷУϻ͹ϵأ鶼һˣͲˣܰôȻǸΪܶԾϴƵɵӡⲻӱһ˲ǣϧλAĸ߲ҲǸɵӡ
ӳԾǺкøеģ壬׿Խǹҵ˰󻧣涼طûô߹ɫ·ߡʹҰ֣Ҳѡιٷ¾ûǸŰæǿߣϱҲĿ˶
Ǹ߲ܵܡ
Ա˵硣
ӳСܵĵܵҾֵͦͦġ
ӳȥô˵
Ա룺ҾǾԺ϶ҲǸһбµˡ
ӳһЦǾܵĵܵܣһĵģѪԵһģҲ̫ԶġԺӦܳΪܺܺõİ֡
ԱҲЦˣֵͬϽɡ
ӳͷʾͬ
ʵҲãλ˵ĸоأȻⲢ˵ǸһбµˣһֱڳΪ֮ǰüˣֱǺģںܶʱ򣬱Լ۲쵽ĶԼֱ
ԡ
ܵλ߲ܵӦҲʲôˡ
ķĲ򵥣Ͳܲµˡ
ӳ㣬ʱӦڰ۲һ
иãҪûн۵ĻҲȰ˸סˡ
⡪
ӳɲؿ˿¥һ࣬һֱߵһ˵ķڡ
ǸСԪ˴ڸзǳͣ˸ߡżĻ⣬ûֹʲôϸ룬ԪĳܶأӦǸͻ˲Ŷԣɳ˵ʱ䶼ȫע⵽Ƶģеˡ
ˣãԪҲƺЩ򵥡
ȻҲͬԪסһס


߲þʱѾѸйɢ¥µ龰ȫ롰ۡףȻģҲߵļСĶԻͬλḻĶӳ۵Ĺ⻪
°͡
ȻȷʵûһֱʿݣҲûϵôͱ˷һ㡰򵥡ȷԼԪϢ÷ǳɾģԲ˿κһߣɷǱǸӳ⵽ˡ
սġ˵ֱ


121 ϵ
Ǿֱͨͬ, ҲԷǸΪߵϢ߲ͨͬ
΢΢һЦ
Ҳûʲôϵһо˳Ȼɡ

ļԪ㲻, СĳԱҲְһ¥, ҹߵ֮, Ҳϰǵܡ
ǵĶӲԪ۾
۲һ, ܰǾѵܸһЩϹ츳ϣҲһЩ, ˵, Щ
˼ǣߵѪͬһ, ֳȴȻͬɼǾѵķǲһġȻϸ۲죬ֻᷢ˵ĹϵܺãϰܵʱԱĬ
ѡһСӵʱ, ⲿӦǶ˽ʶؽаŵ, ɺԵ֣˾ú˼ˡ
翴˿ʱ, ԴڲͬЦǲô, ӻҲûϵȻط, ʱ
Ԫͬվ, ʾҲǡ
ˬظǰͬ, Ҳû֣ϾЩ춼ġǿ, λ߲Ǵڷ, ӦΪרѧϰ, ǵȻǲܴŵġ
ԪصԺȴûĴ򿪵ӻʲô֣Ž䱸ű;УҲְء

ߵſڣԪ˵˯Ȼ
ԪͷҲǣϼ
糯һЦ
Щÿ춼ԪôһͨԻԪ˵һ˵ͻеʲôû
˵Ժ󡭡
ȥиɻҲãҲգﶼ̤ͦʵġ
ʽ𣬸ƿš
ȷŹϺ糯ǰӰϢʧˡ
һ룬˸֮ϡ
ٻϵͳ壬鿴ڵ嵥
һҪٿЩƷ
һҽڿĹؼܼ֮࣬ѪĶ
߿ңΪֻҪҵ̷Ժͻ̵õãھ̴֮ﵽһߡͲͬˣûκѪһͨˣֻܿ޵еǾ͸óﱸˡ
ܿ쿴嵥翴˿Լӵķң¶Цݡ
ȻˣϵͳҸʲôʣ
ҹ֮ǰȻҪŪ⡣
غһ·
ʲôҲûУҲܶѵ糤ꡣ
ϵͳôȫ֪ȫܣȻԣؽ˻ش
[ûκѪʣн˫]
ǰʱüͷˣʱüͷɿ
˫Ȼ̸϶⣬ȴҲܲˣԴ㹻ĻߵøԶ
ҪĻиС⣬ĿǰѾֻǸ2С磬Ժûˣֻõ湦о޵ġõĹֲҪˡҲѡϵĹؼһΪûʡҲû취ô죬ϵĹҲܴСİ
Ǿ͡
ȫûȥԼѡˡ
һ°ĸֹƷʸߵĽԹȫ˳ĹҲѡصġ
ѡıͰı
һ׹Գһǿǵܵôʾһģ
⣬΢˷˵ϵͳȰһȥǰٸҡ
ɫӰ΢΢ͷ
һĨһʧˡ
ЦЦ߰ɣȥ
һ˲ѾԼõ
ϥ£Լȣм͸üˡ

ɷʢ
Դ򼸸ס󣬾ĳÿҲںʵʱ˳ӣȻҲؿֿԣԪʹӳѳ
˵Ԫķ˸Ŀζ
Ԫһ˵Ժ㿪С
̿
Ԫôһˣ˵𡰿СرЦ
ٳԷʱϰߺܶ࣬Ҳø˳ˡ
ǳԷҲǷģǲͬһԱѧԸҪԴԴ˵ĻеЦ
ǻһѣ
˵Ļʱǲеֵֹģ
ʲôֵģ˵ĻʱҲ


ţƭǸʲôԼ𡣡
ðɺðɡ
ԷԷ
Ķ΢΢˶Ȼջظ֪
ҲãԪûʲôֵġ
ĬĬԷľĬĬˣ˵ľٶҲûʲô⣬ڸԪؼһӲԺҲ⵱ļһϲģ֪ôģ;Լеࡣ

ԪһѾϣسȥɢ
Ҳϰˣ˲СԾͰ˸ڲԶĵطţûʲôж
˰Ȧ糯Ԫʾ⡣
Ԫ˵СֶΣǼ˴˵вָЩŵܷ˵ҲȴǾ˵ʲô
˵磬пû
һ֪Ǹ룬ܵѵ룬ûʱҲҪ˵Уοȷʵû֮ǰôæˡ
ͷС
磺ǽȱȥҷһ˰ɡ
ϲ죬ٴεͷԡ
Ц㲻Ϊʲô
϶Եܵ谮˳ʣΪʲô
ʧЦȻ˵˾֪ˡ
ϣ
ܶӺΣӵ׵ܵܡ
ǰӾɡ

ɢ경󣬾ϸ¥
ķſʱԪûиȥ
һ㶣ԪôȻͷӦԼϰ˸ԪӰ룬з⣬ҲöԪʲôҪģѡ漰ԺܣԪǲʺϿġ
Ԫĺܶ뷨ûԪʲôԪҲܴ̬µҪʲôԶܿˡ
ЦЦԪ˻֡
ԪͷתصԼķ䡣
ͬΪԪһģȻԪˣʱȻףҪ˵¿ıΪĻҪҪ
š
Ⱦٻͷʱ򣬾ͷǸ΢΢Цźüᡣ
ʲô
Ѿ߹ķƤһչʾ
ⱾСǻԵĹĻֵĻǺǰ;ġ۳ǻԵǿԼѡġǡǽԵĹѡͱˡǡƹĹС˵д֣ԺݵأƽʱҪʲôġС
ϵıɻãȻٵ졣
ڷӦ𾪵ʣС磬˼ѡһ
ͷ
ϣ˼
ٵͷǽԣκһֶǻϵģֻҪѡԵһžС¶ЦݣţѡҲû¡
ϣ
ڷӿǽŰ


122 ̫ӷ
ľľذѼᶼӹ, ϴ·˷ڷԼȫ̫Ժ󣬲Żع, ¶εЦݡ
Ҳ֪Ҫһ, ҶⷽҲ˽⡣
⻰ʵʵ滰úܴ, Լ֪Լ, ܾܵĻûܵõ;ǷӳӶ߸Լˡôһ֪, Ҳ벻Ȼһ׵ܻܵóôЩڣܶ˸ŵ, ܴ֪ʲô, Ҫѡ, ҲֻǸäѡ
񣬲ʧЦҲԡ
ΪҪȻû뵽ǡ
˵ǾͶ԰ɡ
ϣ
ӸԺĪ, Ͷ˺ܶ಻ͬ
ͱڡ
Ե˼ǡ
һЦ֮ǰˣʲôԼԺ֪ĸ˳, , ӽ, ÿһСʱҽ㿴˹·ߣ˹ķѧԺ˳־ͣ, Ƚ˳ֵľ, ȫԹԺ, ϵǸ
ҲɵˣֲȱңɴЩˣͷ̭һҲԸ
ԺԽԽ࣬仯ԽԽҲʱʱ̸̿磬ǮƹӶıڣȻûùʩپÿɿṩһЩԴ
ͦõģȴһ㶡
˶ٺ󣬾˵㶼һ飿
翪ЦԪҲа
һʱԡ
ü
û˵ٻȻԪִ࣬ҲԵúƵģɽ⹦ֲǽ̵ôѣԪ϶Ҳܽġ
ҡҡͷε˵Ǳ鷳˼ˡ
ֻǾ⵱ûáôÿΡ׼һǸ¡ܶҲ˵ˡܾãỹñٿһЦ
һصͷǾ˵ˡֹգգۣʵԸǻۣѧԺԼˡǸʱҲͲҪ¶ˡ
ϺЦǽ㼪ԣ
ٵͷԣҼԡ
ֵӣһЦһ
żߣ˵ǾɣҽȻȥԼε¶ʹϿʼ
ţϣ
ߺʶسԪǱ߿˿
Ԫպôš
˶һۡ
Ԫ˵Ϣ
糯ЦЦϣҲǡ
ԪͷšһŹϡ
Ҳص䡣
ٴΰŹغúȥС
ϵͳЩҪˣֱӿǮɡ
ɫӰ֪ʲôʱȻվԱߣشӦţ
õģ

ڱǡԼϽ̵ЩĿǣҲǸԵͱ仯

һȥ֮󣬾밴ԭļƻȥ̫ӣųţѾ˹ɧҡ
ͫȻ
һ̫ӵӡ
һӿ첽ӣ·һƵģȻν̫ӵ޵
˶֪̫εľǰһҲ֪Щϣ̫һֱȥһһϲǸ
̫ӵ޵˿ȥʱҲûκ˾⡣
ڷСɧҵĹ˲ͬ޵ѾϰһеģҲˮһ㣬൱ϰߡȻ
һҴǰȻ̫ǧٿ׵ڲ֪ĸط⣬ٿȻ˯ѪȻͱѪǺˣŴأëŴ·þȫһؿš
û˹ȥ˶֪̫Ӳϲ˽
ֻһСĵػڴߣء֧ţ̫ӵʱڼһɴ⣬æˡ
һڴϣһѾ̫ȦԼĻʵؿڣ֮ʵ˳¸̫ӵļƽ
̫ӡڿһͨ¶԰εЦݡ
ֳˡ
һ˵ûʲôģҲȥϴˡ޵֮ڿ˲չ̫ӣ̫ûܰ˯˵䣬ʾ⣬ǷЩҩ㡢ҩ̼̫ӵķΣ
ÿ̫Ӳͳ춼ʣǶ̡Ҳһʼ˻ǲǰͳ̫ŭǨŭǣΪÿζϸϸʵ飬л淢汻˶̫ӲǲŶǶһ٣ÿһƵʱԲܡ
һΣǵȻҲϸˣиͷǰһ˵ûз쳣
һ£̧ۿ򹬶Ĵ
ǺܶεĽְֳһ˵ͳ죬û쳣
һ£ֿ·䡢ſڡȴŵ
Щͬɴ¡
һŷģͷԳ˵̫ӣﲻô
Цҡҡͷº͵ؿ˵û£ȥϢɡ
һҡͷܾ
̧ۿ˵˵
һ֣صͷá
ھ;صš
һû˵
Цˣ˵ѽ
һ룺һʱ䣬Ҳ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
е棬е㾪ȡ
ÿηҲżŰһ飬ʱİһҲô˵ֻǰţȴԼãʱİһѹֶġһȴЩͬˣЩڰһڵͲʣʧһЩ
ѵ˵һ𽥷
ⷺһ˿ܿɢˣȴο
ǰһôĲʹڻҲһ¡ڰһҩ⼸꣬һֱ˵ðһţٳȥˣûÿˡһķ͵ǣ˵ڡڣһܷ£ҲļԳһҲᵣļһһˡİһȥԺӦҲ̫ġ
һųڣͻأס֣Ħһϸ
ľٶЩͻģԳڸؿ
һûз֣һֻơ
ЩƵ˼ǣԸ޵̡ȫ뿪޾Ӵ̫ˡ
͸˰һȨܶʱڰһ̫ӸԡʱƵķԸЩҲϰˡ
ƴһϸ΢O@ͼɲĽŲҲٵ뿪
죬ȻһôˣҲûʲô顣
ΰһġ
˶߹ˣҲˡ
һŴԼһСƿӣڵ
СƿӲأԼҲͶңǳʱ򣬲ƿӶòȣǰһְס֣ס
ЦЦǸ𣿡
һ˵Ǹ̫ӵ̫Ӵ򿪣ϲϲ
һֻźһ£һְ̧СƿӴ򿪡
ɲǼ䣬˱ǡ
᣺ۣ
һ˵ǡ
΢΢һЦ㡣
һ˶٣̫𣿡
һ㶡
һʳϸƵģܶණͲˣȻ̲ƷҲǵҩԳͻֵҰ۲ɾȡ
һȴˣ
˵ȡ


123 
һСشùСƿ, Сظ˴ͷţȻȡһֻɾ޹룬ùˮ̹һ, ٴεˮ, СƳһη̹ͬ衣
ھţԽ͡
ȰһҨһ׷ˮ͵ʱ, ΢΢ſڣסס
ڱΪֻ, û뵽, ȵķˮڵɲ, ϢĺϢɢһůҲ˲ɢڲθůڵģһֱֽš, ȫů
ů𽥼ңûʱ, ѾоЩˣȻɷȵо, Ѿһĺˮʪѡ
һѸٷ˳ڵķӦҲЩ, û뵽ҹķˮҲôЧãͬʱ, ΢
̫ӵ, Ȼ̫ˡ
һ, һȸ̫ӽⶾ뷨̫ڵ״¸û취һһԹЩⶾҩ÷һصֺ̲ԣŲ̫ӵӡ
˿̣ȸ̫ѡ
һȰ£ָϳڵ£ָ
ϲĲָ̫ӱʪŪ÷æ˼ѣ
ڻûӦѾ˿
ģ³һʣһոյǡ
һ˵Ƿˮ
Ȼëڳ£ָιһס
Ȼ͸ղһǳζóѸٵطȣԭ԰׵ϣҲسһĨΣһҲȵġ
һҵۼֿʼ͸ϽëˣŻëñӰסüκ󣬳ϼݵÿ£ȴ˸оһġĶǵ
һ˱ۣסڵ
ﶯˣԽԽǲҶ࿴ǹ⻬ļһۡ
ڵϣ΢΢ȡ
Ϊůȣǡ
ͷȥܿ˰һĲر۲ˡ
żҲᵣģ࿴һۣͻй¶й¶˼
ޱ߼ʵתţһΰһķۺѵðɣǰùҩЧҪãһô˽˼ҵˮҲǡá
һιº󣬰һÿʪ鷢ָ˲
ۡ
һ˵̫ӣÿһΡ
ڵͷЦЦ𣿡
һ̫ӵĲᣬ̣Ȼۣס﷭ŵĳȡŵ
شˡ

׺š
𿴰׺ǸСɣСҲֻڴԵСѣҪΪȫɰ׺һִܹû꣬ܰ׺˱ǵǿߣɵĵҲɺܲ㣬ҲûмĵӡɣӶȥˣÿһܳôرģŸճɽͽƣעĿ
Ȼˣ׺˱ǸҰ·ӣв㣬¸ɵ桢ǵľ࣬ʵкܴĲࡣɾôһ⣬Ǿ͸ԶԶȲϴˡ
ԼرӡرƵϺ裬Ϊ˹Ե˸ӣɳ𣿶ӪӪҵҵȥ͵ŮĺӣҲΪһġԶʤҲʺõĵͶҲͿԲ׳ˡ
ϧԸΥ
׺˵ɣǧѪھʵҲǸ͵ĺôˡ
ʱ򣬰ҡɽߡ
ɽһСǰ׺˵סʱ龫ǵظǰ·ԼƻԼеȵȣżӴ״ӣǲָͬ㡣
ɽڵ
ʦ
ᣬھʹһ϶Ⱥ͵ɤ
򣿽ɡ
üë
ûƽĲͷƺʦ鲻ԼշµĴӣԼ˵
ؽԺ󣬰Եŵٴ

׺ҲǸܷŵÿˣʱһ鰮ʵͦߵʱǿԶҼ̸˵ȻӴѡǺõġܶ˲ôŪɣȻҪԼĺˡ
ɰ׺
һʵкܴ󲿷ǿģԼ֪Լ£֮Ƕľȴ򲻹ͬ磬Ϊʵ⣬ΪʺԵ⡣ͬŬŬ²˼ҵۻ룬ֻܰͰŴǺܶԸߵĵõǰ˴ȴҷӿĵ·սǷ
׺˾ãԼʲѵ£һԼģǶǱʺúܶġôˣܲҪȥʺõСЩѾҪôҪô˹Ҫô˲Ҳȥһš
ԣǱԼˡ
ͨãĺ̫ˣʲҲܲܣǲǸԼҵ鷳𣿲ȥҰɣѾЩһۿɼӤʱڿʼҲûʲô
ǣ׺˺ܶ꣬ǿҵӡ
հףȻȲϴŴЩصģҲ̫ࡣ
ӽа磬ϣλս
ȻùǺùϧӲһԲеģû㹻ĻɵԴбҲܴﵽ׺˵ˮ׼
ܰȫԴб𣿲ܡ
԰ǰ;ҲͿˡ
ӽаϣλͬһڸ߿ա
ʱȰҪһ㣬ҲҪһ㣬ͬһ㣬һһѩӡʲôҲ֪ȥܳ·䱸ŮʱʱŲС
ʵҲֻܴﵽ׺˵ˮ׼õԴȰһ㣬Ӱ⣬
ܡ
ڶӾǰˡ
ȡֵԭܼ򵥣ǰ׺ڱܵһӰԴϣòҵĵڶӣǿһ㡣
ⷽûð׺ʧȷʵǺܲģһЩɵĵҲѷɫҲԣȰҪǿһЩȰ׺ԼҲǿһЩ
ҵӵʱ򣬰׺˻ͦˣ˵ϷȻģҲȽ⡭Ű͵׺˾ľˡ
Ϊ״һ
һɣֻҪеĵĳҡÿγܸϧķ沢ʵϣСɵΪԴϡҪܹɵڵǣ׺Ҳܸˣϧǣֵȥ⹴ģȸͬɵĿܸˡ
һӵġԼŵװ׵İ׺ˣ԰Ȼͺܲ˳ۡ
ûй滮ĹӺôϵʱ仹ԽԽ٣ԸʲôãʵЩĵӺˣ
أ׺˾˼ϡ

˿̣׺˿Űȴе㸴ӡ


124 ûҰĵ㾫
ҵԺ, ׺ڰϵ˼Ѿ˺ܶ࣬ʹְҲܼ̳ɣɲ˵ḡİԡΪɫֱӰĺôˡһһ, ͵Ů֮ŮԺ, ȡΪ, Ԣò׵õΪı
ŵʱûй, Ǽ̳ŮѪ, ʱĸĸй֮޲Ҳܿ̿࣬ԺܸߣòɫҲ·ѵһӡԸеС, ⲻʲôǿиԵĶȥ, ֻһ㽾ݶ, ͵ȻȻľͻĽ
׺Ԫһλ󣬺Цȥ
Ȼÿһ֮֮Ůܻа޲ĶܻΪ־ŮŮȻͻơİ, ôѵأ
ھͻᷢ, һ, û鲻xxԹԹ޺޸־ġϧھûԿ, ô˼, ҲǺɿص, ³Ϊڻҹ˵Ľ֡
һľǰ޺޵֮һһʦչɵĸ߰Ů˶ôԣȷʵڰ׺˻ŵʱ򣬴ɵһ̶׳ɣȰ׺󲻾áͰ׳ɵɼױˡ
ңӾȻû⡣
ӺҲ˳ˡǵҲû˭һأ׺ǸӣǰǶҪúøСʦãǺڰһ䡰ԼĿǡǾʵʵˡ
׺ֺޣԼһơ
˶ģֻǰѾԵܾõİ

ǿҷ԰׺ŲɵģΪ׺ǶʦѪûͷʹвٵĺôҲǼ£ûǶԶʦĹΪҪˣλӾˣԸȥĵҲţ׺űҪʦģǰġ
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׺ӷ׷׸ͣϾǸߣǡ뿪ٸߣǡͰһšôһ˵ȥģʲô˶ǵġ
׺˾鿴ʱ򣬾͸Ƶġ
ȥû˰׺ȴа׺׷壬Ҫֻи׺׷壬ŰȫͶɣöֺ֣ãĸɻᱻܾԺ󻹿ֱӴӴѡӣǺûѰңõŴĻǵȥһ
ֱЦ
׺ôľӪҪľǰȫİ׺ŷ󣬴У
ٶڣҲֻһƤ˵Լѣ㲻ƭɹΪԼһΪ˰׺ء
ƤԺ󡭡
˵˾Ϊ¡
ȻϿǰ׺˵Ӧ˭Ҫ͵˼Һأɰôɵʱɲ֪ԼԼǰ׺Ůءôعϸ׵һѪϸļҵȫˡ
һٷҲ죬ֻôļĸ뿪˰׺ţøŵֱ׺ͶɺϴˢΪ뻹Ǹйˡ
ȴûԼĻúõģɺûôŬȻһɣй滮ˣغԴԼö֮ʵܿ죬ȴˡ
ҲںӰ׺˵Ĵµ·ӣҲ뵽ףھԼʵ㹻ʱȥԵİսԼʤˣͰѰ׺λӸ׺ţ׺׷ٲܴǰ׺ŵͷ
ʱ֪Լ԰׺ŵҲˣӦӦԼĿȴǳ׵ð׺ʧϣԼ߲ܸĸž۵ĳ
֪°򸶳ٶܸߵľ磬ŮҵķӶݶߡͬʱƭԴŮҪȥ֮£Ůǲ֪˭ʹĹ
һѾʱҲȳЦꡣ
ͦҵġ
Ҳǲ׺˵ĺ󳾣ܱӦˡ
׺û뵽ԭеİ򷴶ڱϸơ
û뵽ڰǰʦֵ׵ġ顣
ӻ˵㣬ܺѧŹ滮ˣɵв㣬ҪȻ򻨴йԴ֡ƬҶմ
ͬʱ׺ǿű˵ģҲΪô㰲ο
롭ĽҲȫʧܲǣΪϹҴ˵±ǱҲû̫ڡȷʵʤһУûдڲͬˣʲҪʿԿﻻԴı䣬ԹãҲģôԺڳúý̵һ
⣬ľͻİɣž̵İӦ֪ôˡ
ȳԺҲܶ
Ȼ׺ȻȴҲǱŰ뷨ˡΪڼʶˣͻƲޣԺȫҪԼǧصĶԼȥչɡ
Էһ̳ҲҪԤġ
ʱţʹӰĺѡˡ
뷨ʵֻڰ׺˵һ֮䣬ƵĿ⣬ð䲻˸
룺ѵǻδԶʦ̹ףʦȻ֪ˣ㿴ңˣ˵ˣʲôҶ˾ǡ
Լˣȹˣȿͷϴ˵
ʦγȥܰٲ÷С鿺һˮƣԼʱǡַҹĸһ֪ʦ𷣡
׺˸׼¶ĴȰЦݣʱӲϡ
ˣԭľҲᵽôһ漰ŮС֮ҪӵԴ׵¼˰ٲַĲʦԺԺ󣬾ٲ׼ȥ֣Ӵ˳׶԰ʧ
Ǻʧ
׺һһ䣬ðˤ˸ͷ
㻹֪Լ˴
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׺һߣȻ͸òȡŮ޶ԷǷϲĸΪʦ˵ˣΪʦѵȥ𣿡
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˺ҲûһһƹȻһҲȢġ
׺˿ŰۿıԽԽȣ¶һǳƵЦݡ
ͻȻ˲õԤС
׺˵ٲַ䲻Ұ׺ţҲѷɫ˼֣Ȼ⵨Ҳ᲻κһˣͶŮӢҲһμѻ
ɴۡ
⡢ˣ᲻һˣǶ²ǣ
׺ͻȻ⣬¶˾ġ
Ϊˣ󶷵ŮλҶǻУҲǡǴɷȥɱ˰
ȻλӺǷ˺Ѿڰ׺µǶθصľ˵ҲǵŮô࣬еҲֻǶѣϰ򡭡֮Ե֡
ǻʲôɿǵģ
ľѳۣӻȦɣٰλһȢȻܰסרУ˵ܶӡ
ԺһҵʱͽϱֻµĺӣѡԽԽġ
ߣǴҲȢףӻ׸˵¸ຢӡ
뵽׺ֶ˶١
绹һǷԸװɣһģȢ˼Ҳ̫ġµĺ˵ʲ޵˵ϻ۵һҲԸӵĺ飬÷ٸͽ
׺ĬĬ㣬ٴο
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׺Цﶼ͸һοΪʦ׼һȥס
򼸺ɤӱƳλǲԸһ򡪡
׺ζ˵ҪͽıˡͰˣǲϹһҲҪȢһúģٺˡ
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ǷȻ֪ٳŪҩԵҩЧȴףЩһѵãӲԸ˵׷ʣȴΪϧ
ǻţҲԽˡ
ٳ￿ڷؿڣܵһձһոʢЦˡ
ֻ΢СѣܸһһѾ֮Ըж˵ܰķҲˡ
ģԺûʲôĻٳֻķȹǵСӣͷϡ
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˵ĲǱҪġ

һڵϣǰ̯ᣬŬտ˵е
ʮӺ̧ͷҡҡͷٶȺ
Ķ棬粢ˣǷ绪ïĴѧһеؿһûʲô飬Ҳš
ɣһľϣ˾ǹָԪˡ
翴ϣûʲô߻ħ֢״ͷģ˵һأ
˵
˸ָⱾ
ϵͷǰⱾŵһߡ
Ǳߣպˡ
ϺسԵ
ȿһ飬Ͻ·ߣԪԱøֱ׵Ļ䡣
ˣٴȡ
һξͺˣûӣϾͿʼɢˡ
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125 ȱ
統, ˵磬Ͻͣ
Ͼͣˡ
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, ѾҲþ
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ȥǸ磬ŹˣŵǸҲ߰š磿߰˷Ӷòϡ
ҲΪֻ뿴׸һŹתɵ磬ûʱӦ׸Ϊ̫϶ʧܣˡġ١Ǵȷճɻҵ֡
Щ߰ģƹʲôõĹơֹ˼壬ǽԵĽһֻ򣬴ԡ˫ȽпŹɱǿǡҲҪǿĿҲȷʵӦϵġ
룺ʣ»Բһ£
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˵Ǿɡ˵ʾ⾣ϰǸᷭһҳǵѶȣڼ֮ǰȰ׵巨ˡ
ȻشӦ
°ͣղصкܴĶͷҳϤϤ
ٴδӦá
˼Ź޳ɺɵĹЧٿŹŻеٶȣʼʲôķʺãĬĬذߡ
⣬ĺԼе뷨
ѡŹҲУٶȹ찡ԺѪʵʱҲڲ̫Զ
ֲ䣺ķյҲ̫죬ͰҸķ۴ԱߣÿκһСڣҲԵġ
Դǻ˵
Լ۱ߵһһƷѪ
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ˣҪѪΣһΣԪҲԸһΡ
ҲüһΰɣҲûһֱӸҪȶҹˮģʱÿζͰ䡭


һһκѪһߡ
Ȼֿ˿е˵
һ˵Ʒ˵ע⡣
λǽĵӺ񳾣˺ܶ๦¡

ڽ磬ĿǰľѾевٳ򶼳ѪĽʬǸǰЩǳֵĲͬÿζкüֻжϮͨڵļңÿһδȥһ˵ѪǼڱԺҲ50%ϵĸʱµĽʬ㼶֮ǰЩʬͣɺ̷ճɻңͿǵĽʬĴ£ȥϮ˼ңѪѸٽ
ȻҲпĽʬɼʹǻϼʬûǵرʹжϼʬ滹иϼģһһĵȼɭϣγСɵĽʬȻûȫݵĽɽʬĳûƵ̫ߣ¶ļԺͷԣҲľˡ
ˣĵۡ¡жһǵʱĵɣÿһʿλȶǽ齨ÿһڡʻΪһῡܣͱΪӡ
һĵӺ񳾣ǧ겻ţرڽʬǴŰʱÿֶǳʹϸߵĽʬҲ߹غϡ
ܶ˶ΪڵĽʬһ٣񳾿Ӧٶľ
һڲָоΪɵڲкܶÿһĵӶѡõѡǿģҲΣյģͨǿġ
ѧ˵Ĺ̫Ͼˡ
ԼûоԼʲô֮ģѡŹǳԱģϱڱʬϮĳش֮ҲǳԱġ
ҲΪԵʣ˳˲ٽʬˣȻҲ͵õ˲ٹ¡
Щ£񳾻˷ҡ
µչ۲ߣÿ1㹦¿Իȡ1ңÿһδܵõ1㹦¡ۼĿͲˣڽС״Ϣؾ3000£õ3000ңٰЩңȫ
Ҳ˵񳾣ʮꡣ
ʮ겻ֲ֮ǰĵЩʣ࣬ɴֲ˹ȱ㡣
ٴαڽʬĵ·ˣϵĹ£ٴλؾۼ

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ȫ⺼ѾСˣԺҪһһԴһ¡һˡ
ҪǻԴ㣬λһӾǺĴͻƫƫ⣬֮ǰͲ࣬ǺȥһЩ
ټһУҪӦλӵˣ
ôУ
ǰտҵˣлտҲģйģСô࣬ԳƷȻϼˣ͸䱸ȫ
Ҫﲻ
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˼ţӦҪ취Դ
ֽĿͷǮûǮҪôˣҪôͦģѹҲ
ô
ֻǸ취ˡ
ϵͳǵľֻҲǷǳģͬٸƵ⣬ǣǳѾġûеõſ֡
飬иܳͨõƣһο͡

ϵͳԣ÷֤ͨͶ磬֤ͨǵ˿һ粢һϵͳռͨĹܵģ֤ͨĳʱͿ֤ͨʱԵͨС
ǸѾԺϵͳԸеȤǿԷϵͳռ͵ġ
ϵͳܾϵͳռͣʱ䣬ҲԾֻ
ͳͳҪǮġ
СǧǧǧοҪͬǮӼοҪͬǮÿοҪͬǮοͣʱҲҪͬǮ


126 ο׼
š
ľ, һСǧ硢1000ˡͣʱ䲻죬Ҫ1000ңһǧ硢100ˡͣʱ䲻2죬Ҫ1ңһǧ硢10ˡͣʱ䲻1, Ҫ10ҡ
ڿ9οͦ͡ģǮֱӸһſ࣬ûҪˡ
ˢԼϵͳ壬ʾ˲ͬҳ, Ѿʮ, д󲿷ֶСǧ, ǧֻĸ
ô
һεĻ, ޶Сǧϰɡ
˼˺һ, ͷߵɫӰ
ɫӰתͷ
ֱӿʼԸ
޶ΧСǧ硪ڽǡ
ÿСǧɸѡ׼ΪûġǿġԸ˻ȡһԸ顣
ɸѡΪÿ1000, ûﲻݣʣµĿѡ
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οͽеʱΪ60Сʱʱǿѡһʱ, ǽԺ˳һ˳ٲܽڶΡ
, ɫӰЩȫס
, ˵λſϽи, Ҫп֪60СʱҪеĿˣϵͳǸοǸͬĿռ䣬ǻ档
ɫӰӦõģ
˵ȻԺ뿪еοʧȥеһм䣬ֻǵԼȥĵطԼ˻߹£ԼԸǽƣ޷¶κ𡣡
ɫӰ΢΢ͷõģ
°ͣ˼Լû©ĵطҲŬڴǰǵľңŶࡣ
οǵʱǲǻҪʲô߶߶Ļӭʣ
ɫӰû飺ʾ
ãԸжһ㡣
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ΰxx֮ԸȷԸһУ60Сʱں֮أ㽫Ը
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ӣǸһ㣬ԶοΪǲ˵ĵطұȤζԨ֮ħ֮ģое̫߳ˡ
ҪǣЩοԿڵ磬Ҳ٣п˲ǵؼʹο˵ҲȱļһܲµһЩĨǻΪǡСֱĨˣΪοǺͿǵײͬҪһԨħʲôģһ֡Ҫġ
ɫӰٴδӦ
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ѡʼʱ䡣
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ղײգһҸղ˵ҪͿʼɸѡɡ
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ˣĽϵƷεСǧҲͶǿߣǶҲѡ׵Ʒ
ҪǰѺѪεһһΣҲźӸѪǣ
Ȫؿţ׵׵԰ţ׺µšȺΣΣ£еҲ¡˺͹תһһٸȦÿһٸοͬʱһ
ˡ׻˵οͣǵĶһ׼˲ͬ˻ÿһԻȡ50ң±ֲ䣬ÿ㹦»ȡ1ҡ
οǵĵһԵģٻǲΪ˴յĻԴ֮еľ󲿷˵Ҳֻλˡлкܴ󲿷ֵͨˣر0Ŀˣޡһ˵ֻʣ¶ʮ꣬ûֻʮһĻ100ңôԸǿеģǸƽĺƵˣøթġ
Ҫһ껻50ҾͲͬˣʮ500ңͨ˵Ϳ򵽺ʺǵƷԸˡ
ǽУѣܸǴȥֱֶΣô̫ˡΪǿԾܵشƷִ߸ƷٽķҪһ50ңÿγſͻƵʱʣ´ŬȥѼƷ𣿶Ҳ᲻ʧȥ׵õѡ˼ˣ̫á
Լ˸ޡ
ȻǸϿҺˡ
ɫӰƺҲͬ۵ģٴδӦ
õģ

ĩ硣
һӵĸüڸʮɥʬɱЩɥʬȻǿģǶ׺ݣҲ֪ʹǶܣֻǿ֧Ŷѡ
һûܸսǰɥʬһȴͻȻһͷɥʬϮʱѾˣɥʬצҪӺͱ壡˵ͫΪԼɣһ̣һ͵˹˵󷭹˺üΣɥʬĹΧ
Ůץ˹ЧʣܵͻȻһǿƷ˺ļɥʬַݵһҹڣ˵ĺ֮£һСɥʬɱ˸ɾ
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ΪոջסǸͬˣͬ鱧ȥʱʹѾٶȣɥʬצץͬĺ󱳡ڣ˿΢΢࣬ͬ˶ڵС
ĻϵףǱɥʬȾˣСʱڵõ磬ͬͻɥʬ
ͬ˶ǲһģķСõѣҲǸСѧһֱѧͬͶֵܡûˣԻϵ˵ŵȤʧȥһ룬ԺҲٿˡ
ͬ鶼׻ϵߵ飬Ѱķø
ͬ鱻ڴϣۣŻѿı飬¶һ΢Цͷ˵ˣôģҷ£ѵңȾ;ˣԺҵķݶһȥɱɥʬû
ߺۿҡͷǿ˵ûͺúûš
ͬ鿴ĻߣҲܡ
ҪܻĻܲ𣿶ôˣǲ˼ҲܾΪĥĥһ׵ģڶˡ
еҡ
ˣСžͱˣҲãûţҵƯӽСӵġñƯСӣҲûˡ
߿ͬ⸱ӣһˤšûȥ˸ŵС
ڸûЧ磬УҲСʱڸϻػءô죿Ǹ˵ɥʬԺ
УûԺһﲻԼߵӡ
ô죿ҪܰԼһͺˡ
ʱһɤͻأԺ


127 Խ
·ԿԶ, ֺǴ˷һ˲죬ȴһ˲ǵ˼
˵
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һ, Ļϵߡ·ΪԼǲ˻þ, æΧȥҪҵǲĸӵܵļһڸЦ
, һܲûҵ
·ܵȼͣ˵Ը˵ߺ˶ȴûֵļʾ̫Сˡ
, ָ΢΢
ѵ𣿾͸С˵дԸĳħа, ƷԽǼһ
˵ġ
Ƕħа, ·Ըȥ
·ûһ˿ԥֱĬţԸ, ȷԸ⡣һλ, ֻҪܾҾԸ⣡
һ, ·ͫ΢
ǰ, ȻһɫĶڡ
һھڡ
ⶴڴݵɲܲ
·˲ǲ˸Ūʲô壬ʱԽԽ, ԽҲԽԽΣ, һ˿ϣ, Ҳץס
ֱȥһŲȽڶ
ȻǰȻʡ
ȻվһƬʯĵϵģ˷ʯء
ʯϣкܶһһãȻˡ
ͬһʱ̣·ͻȻ˹˺ܶϢȻбʽﲥŵģ·ֱӳ⡪
  ·
ʣ62
31
ȫˣ800
ˣ400
ע50/
50/  
·
ֱͦ۵ġ
ʣµϢǸطһˡѰԼҪĶȵȡ
·Ϣֻ˲ӣΧȴԽԽˣкܶƺһżҴææؾͷɱֱһɫĽǿ񱼹ȥǽǰ棬Ѿû룬ֻŶˡ
Ƕ飬ԽԽ
·ҵҲ
Ϊʶܣļӳ£˦ܶˣֱܵǶ档΢㣬ǰ治һǧˣҲ˵಻ʮ֣ͿԽȥˡ
ʱ䲻࣬ҪŶӵʱѸõҪʲô١ʵҲҪǵģҪԽ㵽õģԲܹȥԺŷԼǮûʱǮʱŶˣ
̵úܿ죬·Ѹʱ򣬾Ѿֵ
սܽһȦɿ˵31400ˡ
һ룬·һ
ο·Ŀǰ21550ҡ
·ɵܣڵ
ҪҵɥʬĶһҪҵ
ƷĿ
·֪Լ1ģ͸ɴ׵Ļ񣬾ֱһɥʬҪʲôκã˺ֿܶԽĵҩҩҩģɵã
ҺãǴ˼˷ļУУٴγǵϤıɤ
ǵɤƼܰٷְɥʬҩһ֡֡Ѫ֡ҩ֡Щ⣬ƼĹʺϵĵر
·˳һЩƷļλžԼõķһͦġ
ߣ˵ͻƵ弶ʵͿӵ꣬ûʮͻ弶ԺҪȹԽˣǳɥʬĶ⣬ҪԼ͹ԽһĹǽֽⶾĶҪ׼ĻֻһΣԺӻôܱ֤ôз𣿲ܡܱ֤Լ׽Ժ󶼲ᱻɥʬץҲܡ
ûã·Ѿһڴᣬֻһ״ﻷʮŽⶾĹӣƿҩֿõĶ
ڻķԺ·Ѹٵ뿪ط
ֻܹ˶ʮʱ䣬ˣһҲȥˡ

뿪ʱģȥʱǡ
·һſź󣬾ͻվ˷ͬһʱ̣洫˻ƵĿ
Խ˵
㻹ңͦõˣٲҶ棬Ժͼˡ
ðɺðɣ˰ɣҾͳûˡ
治ҶҪû˵ݰˡ
·һץһŹӾͳ˳ȥ
ԽڴϣȻǸƽһЦݣҲģģѾǵɫȴѾģӣҲܳٶˡ
·ñͷᣬһڼŵģҲߵߣһ̧֣ѹӲԽ
Խ
ûӦͱڵŪסˡ
вСʱˣӦѾڳɥʬתԲζġô£
·߹ԽʲôͻȻ䣬ȴһƬհס
Ȼǵˡ
ֻ֪Լ˻˺ܶණǹǿԾȹԽģԼԽģܶණеҲܽɥʬеĶкô
УԹԽ˵ġ
·ګګ˵Ҳ֪˵õġȥһڴĹҺܶණ˹ԽԱߡЩġ
ԽܵõԼڷƻĲڹӴůһ㱻ڣ𾪣һٿףǿŹӾȻԽɥʬдߵЩһڷʱʲôûеģڷҲ̽ҲʲôҲûС
Щӣģ
Խ·˽Լ˿·ı飬Ȼ˵ʲô
Ƥ𽥻ָҲԽԽأȰѶҸطźá
·æӴ﷭ֻԼһָԽһ
Խ˲оԼֻϵˣг߶ҵĿռ䣬͵̧ͷɲؿ·
·װ
ƽָԽǷݵݸԼװԼġ
Խͷ΢Ѷװá
ȻǰߣڸǺֻĺۼ
Խһ˵Ͳ˵飬СʱȥԺװһ㣬˵ҲΪʲôûɥʬҾ˵Ҳ֪ԭ򣬿ǰԹʲôֲȥԺȥоԺǾѪǡ
ŹԽĻ·ͷһѹԼָ˹ԽʲôôҲϸϸظ˵
Խñ·棬һı飬һʱůһʱ־һʱᵣ׸ʲôۡһʲôҲ˵ϴʲôģⲻɡ
ֲ֪̾˼󣬹ԽĬĬ룬ÿøǿûøСҪȻԼɥʬ߱ŪˣɵҲ˶ˡ

οܸ·һֱŪ෨ҵĻǲġ
Ȼ·Ҳעһ¡
ȥ·ڵǸĩģ˳Ϳ·ľ顣

·ֵߴ800㣬ǸϷݱȽصǣԽԺ󣬹ԽɥʬòʹɱԽȻѹԽľһֱϡΪԸԵʱͬеĻɥʬİΧ·ġָǵŮͳΪŮİ֣ΪŮŮҲȰѧϢأÿγȥ˲ҪĴ򷨡ĳһ죬ɥʬץˣ֮ǰȥŮŮڳľ˸һԴȱҲͬһǶŵǿžˣ
žһһļŮµʲôûվˣİһ

ԣ·ԽһȵģϧԽ˲֪Ժ·׹ԭеˣҲеꡣ
Ҳ΢һ£ΪرЩ·һһ߱ҵ˶ȥˡûҪ˻Ը϶кܶ඼ԼҰ
˵ˣ·ȻعԽѾˡ
Ȼʧ400ˣȴʣ400㣬Ҳ㹻СǣҲԭвòˣĿԺ󲻻ᱻŮȣŮǶԵ־ͱĨˣŮõĺôҲĨʲôϵأ򵽵ĶֲⲿֲˣܸԽһ𣬸߸˵ͻƵ弶ٸ߸˵һȥ
ߣͶǰˮ
һεο̫ˣǰˮҲúܴ滮ֳÿϣڲŲͬĻ档

ҽԺﱧͷȴˣĸ׻ûȵ˰֢ˡħٻԸԼȡĸħ
һҽԺǲԤУǹ¶һ𳤴Ӳûü޸ȴʱѲˣԸ⸶ȡӺͺӵƽ
ĸױСµ˽ӺòˣϵĸȴҪβԸȡĲú
бʦͣڽεʱ˵˶ʦ˾˴ϢԸʦ
кլﱻĥС檣Ҫǿ븮
б̤ؤǸĸӡ
¥Ļӡ
ͬǻɽ˺ֶĵ
ԼԸ⸶һиԼĶǿߡ
ҽƿԸȡվҽ
غ֪Ľ͡
дɱڲԸĺС

̬͸һԸǿҵᱻϵͳ׽οǣ޾߲ʹ
ΪԼģΪ˵ģΪִġܶܶࡣ
ңǶࡣ
Ҳ֣Ȼļ2Ҳпǵ࣬Ǵӵֺǿʳڱ֮䣬ʲôһлȡĳĳԸеģҲǿϵͳ׽
ϵͳٶ̫죬1000ת˲ҲûǡڸߵȼĸԽԽӣҰĶٵͻڲͬˡ
翴һǷǳٵġһĴźˮĻ
⼸Ļ¶ģϴˡ


128 ʳ壨Сޣ
Ļ, һֻа˿飬ֱ硣
һڵ1ԭʼ, һ0硪ƺӢ磬һ0硶ԻҵС硣
ⲻ֣Խ硢˼Խӵ磬Խײǿû˺׾ռ1000ˡ
ǵ˼뱾Ե1磬, ǿճ籾ʶǹŴ, 0ĹŴ磬Ǻٵ, ܶʱ򻹱Ȳִʮ֮һ١㣬ҲͲˡ
Ũģ1һʳ, Լ0ħһˡ
Ǹʳϡ

˵Ҳǵķ, ʲôȺ, ǿӵиָΣǻǻԼֿͨǿԺ׵жϳͨ˸˵Ĳͬڲ׽ʱ, ɱ
ͨ˲ͬһ壬ͱ磬˺ͻһ, ߵô, Ҳѻ˵ɻɱ, ܽɱʬ嵱ʳ
е˴ӳ֪
ʵҲԿ˹Ķ
, ȴܻôࡣ
ЩԲ̣ͬͬģǻͨҰ޲ζרɱˡ˵ʬ嵱ͨҰ޽ʳ
ö֮Ƿ࣬ͳΪʳ塱һֿ
ȺǳԹ˵ѪԺ󣬾ͻǱͨʳܳҲܺãųµѪԽ࣬ǻԽң÷衣ԺʳȻײˣΪǷȱױɱ
ʳǶѪǳ׷еĻٳԣеѪ⡣

ʳܷУԼǰڵͬʳĴ˵Ȼûǻۣ֪ƵҰȷʵôһǻͬԵģǴ󲿷Ұޡǵ飬ܾΪĵػرܺ
ʳ壬ȻҲͬĸоҪǿǵԼҪƽضԴˣ̲סϲֱӶǸʳ֡
ܿ죬粻Ծüͷɿ

ʳһͷڱթǻۣڸ⼸ͷʳ峤λáԼõ峤λõ˾ܹһεĻһС͵˲䣬ҵõǸõ⡣
ײеʳ壬ⶼǶնƴ׷
ĿǰļѡڱʵģҪͻʨ;رǾһŲ
ģһֱڿ˼ڤѰҰ취Լ˵Ǽߺܻܿѡһ˵С䣬ҲκһͷߣԲԸʧȥεĻᣬ룬ٻ꣬Ҳ롭
Ȼ˵ٻ
ڱϲܴݵôϣһˣ
½Ǵ˵ʳǱȺٻˣ֪Ƕ޻̸֮
˸ûǣ˻ԸӼֻҪԸ⸶ʲôΪƷͿԵõԼҪģ
ڱȲͬˣȻȻ˽ͨ񱼽ȥ
̶̵·̺󣬺ڱһǳġƽʯͷϣΧ½½˺ܶϢŹֵģеֱ治塪ѵҲǱټ𣿵ܿ죬˱ǵȫע⣬ǰԶһ߻ȶǿ׳塣
ڱ۾ó졣
еС峤ʷʺֽ˶ǸСζģѵ͵ǰ
ڱȫԻۣﴫݵϢȫҺһƬע⡣ԥͳȥһͷ޴ĺڱ϶£ҧλ峤Ĳ
Ȼ
ء
ڱſҪ峤ǸɲǣھͺעըƵģһ˲䱻ը顣
ڵϣɢ˱ǵѪ
ڱκηӦʶͳɢˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô

ĸ࣬ѾڹŶӣóٵЩȡﴫϢЩڽع۲죬еĬĬعԼļֵԼܹĶ
Ƕû뵽һ׳ߴ˾ȻͻȻһͷڱѸٵϮһ׳
ۼڱǴŵĿھҪҧǸ׳ʱµ鷢ˡ
ڱֱըˣѪڵϣӳ˸ÿһ˵۵סŨҵѪ⣬ոһ˲龰˶鲻ԽطһС
˷˵עĿ
Ǹ׳ڱϮһ̣ĹȻתͷ
Ȼϳ˺ڱʳ壡
Сˣʳűܵη壬ԭŬ˼ô󻯵׳ۼԼ㿪ȻҪ
ͷȻһǿҵͷ
뿪
Ȼڱҧʱ뿪ˡ
ɸ㤵ǣ뿪ɲǣҪλõͷڱըˡ
Թ۵ȻҲע⵽׳ʧȻǸǣѪҲѸʧ
ͬһʱ̣һǿ˹ء
κοͣ˺
ͼ˺ο͵ˣᱻĨɱ
ǽ侲
ԭ˷˹أʲôֲ¼
ͷһ˿ȡ
ܻ˺ͺãǰȫġ
ڱƽϢ
˵ǺܴģԸԼ޹صҲжǣңǷ¶ǲû˺עͶתƵԵԸ
Ҫץʱ䣬ȥҵʺԼĶ
Ǹʶ뿪峤վԼɫࡣ
ǸطȻֻȥһΣ
ʳ̾ͱɱˣȻΪǰ뿪
ǿҵİûڣҲһ̳ļ䡣
ΪʲôҪʳסһ뿪ͿԻöͿԳΪİˣ

ĺҲˡ
ֻˣһʳ壬һʳ弴С峤
ʳأǸ峤Ҳʲôö
峤ڣΪı峤ĵλʱͼװؽӽʱλ峤״磬ڵõλİٰ谮һǡĻᣬԥذ״ĽҰ⣬Ǹط壬װԼΣա
״Ϊ˾뵽޷۵£Ұ޹Ϯذ˸ɸɾΪŻ˵СˣǱ˻ȥѹ˺ü죬˵Ȱ˵»ָӴΪ˸硰𡱶ֵͬܣѸٵسΪһε峤ҵõǵİ
о޳ܣ˭Ҳûз֣˭ôСͻαװأôȡ˵ͬ
ҲһٰΪԼ״磬Լ˶˵ңȻǸӵ
Һãʳ̲סջֱңҲΪʳıηԾѡ뿪С
ǳĵطɺϣǡ


129 𣿣Сޣ
һ, ɲͷߵɫӰ
ǵλã𣿡
ɫӰƺ˼ͷ
ǵ, 
°, ΢΢һЦ֪Ƕ, Ҳ֪Сʳ֮Ĺϵ, ôģ
վλʳ̷ǸС峤ӳ嶯ʳ˳ͻ, ƻеĹ, ҲᱻȻȻĨɱͬʱס, кܴܲܵķӦ, ʧȥõôĻᡪҵ, Ӧûǻԭľһ޷ıˡ
ȻʳǸҶסҲᷢʲô¡
ǵĺԣ, ûгʲô⡭
ӦǾõĽ, һνɺϡ
ɫӰٵͷǵģ˶, , ԭ¡
ô棬æ֣, ҲҪ, ֻǾ, ܺҵ, ԽԽĬˡ
ɫӰɲһ٣ûнӻֻٴ΢΢صͷ
ܺá
Ҳ֪ǲԼˣǴʼõϵͳʱϵͳʵǸûʲôĴƻһĴڣ¶Է˵ʱҲ߼ɻǸһ֡Īҡ˹ܸС
õϵͳʱԽԽϵͳ֮ĽԽԽ࣬ϵͳӴӲὨ鵽飬ٵɰƷߣܶʱ֮ĶԻһĸоãϵͳԽԽһѣһʹùߡ
ϲ
ԺкܶҪͨϵͳһӲֻܷϵͳĸоȫһġ
ǰ߿ѣںܶʱο壬ߡʱԽãʧȥԽ࣬ҲǿҵĹ¼ŸУһûκθĻֹ¼ŸֻԽԽأǰһʱĳһ
ȻЩֻڵ뷨ѡ
Ҳ˺̬ܶڲͬˣɶڵ˵ǸͦϲֵˣҲϣԼΪϵͳһ
뵽ϲ¶Цݡ
Ҳûע⵽վߵǸɫӰߡʼնϡ

ƺӢοҲǣͬһɣҲǸħ̡
Ȼܶħν֮ȴǸǳɵ磬ħħı׼塢¡ƶϧڳ͢ҪʱҪۼְǽ˷ˡȡħǾ޶ˣɱ޹°ӡѪ֮ǱץסħˣرǱΪħͷǸħɱģʲôħˬµ
Щֻ·ʽɲ̫ͬϰ书ķЩ֮ˣҲͬɵģֻŶѡʲôҲһᱻ롣
ȻҲһЩαӡ
α֮αӣ˵Ϊ㣬ǱԼװһˣҲΥ¡Ǳ˶µģֵܵᱻйСͬʱǻᱻħʲôΪǱҶһԵرϴԣ˵ʲôţԩ֮ġ
ħ̽Ѫ̣ۼԸصĶˣЩĶˣҲЩΪܹĥ󱨸ɬᣬԼܺ߱˼ӺߡħĶˣȻײкݶ׼ôǵ̰ȻҲûֹģ˺ݶʱΪ˴ﵽԼĿģҲԼ̡
Ŀǰĥģһ
ϵŨǰľ΢㣬¿Կϵٶʮϡ
΢΢ü
ɫӰĿ죬һԸ˵˵
һǱŮӣƭ˸飬Ӵ¸ˣΪõ书ؼԺ书ǿѧͳαװɲͬ͵ȥЩѾ˶ѾȢ޵ӡ
ЩжҡⲪذŰɱЩûжҡּΪʲôŮӿԵõİ¶ò˾ͻץӵˣԼͰ˵֮ѡһһ԰ѡԼѡԷʹЦŰ˷ˣǰѡ˶Էô͸Ӽʣɱһһʹ
ֻΪ˸ĶȥЩ־߲ɱܸӣҲΪֶιȴֵɢ˵ȴʵ˶ģʹͬ飬µҲ˾ãʵͬ鲻
һǴСץȥֶκ͸ҩû취٪壬ǸŻﵱĴչʾȡǮƣһĻкܶͬĿˡ٪峤ҲõһŹѧԺʵǣŻɱ˸һɶϷĹҲɱ˸һɶ˵Ϊ޼ЩϲϡֵˣҲ޼˺ˣҲпԭɱЩֱӻӺˣɱŻƭƵܺߣϷйԼķ
٪ԺڸͬŻɱħ̣ȻȥץĺӣŻֶȰҲɸԼһ٪壬ʵ飬ѰԼķû취ǱʱЩʧܵƷѾȫٵˣȻҩˮĥЩ˵壬Ǳֻһ˻ǹ뻹ǿ٪ţĺ档
٪Ϊ˶һߵʱ򣬾ٿĻˡԳÿγжҪ٪֤ġ⣬ÿ֮󣬶ῳЩ˵˫ȣǱñӵİС
һ͡Ⱥۡˡ
ǣҲʮֶġ
Կ٪ΪСܵ˸ŤŻԺЩɾ㵱ٿҲ˸˱Ҫʵ
һĶˣһɱ˿
ӳԺ󣬶ûܹκείܾ˼˵ĳ谮ļȻСʱͿб֪ŰɱС۸ͬѡԼԼΪϷŪ˵ʱҲûзִ磬ȴǻϸϸչĸ׻ؽ̵ϣ𽥳ɳΪһֱˡ
ûдǵϣڳԺ䱾ϲ׵Ľ̵ԽԽᷳڣһ˺ĸ׽̵ʱ΢ЩͲͷƵĸףѾǹסĸףĸЩʱֱӳһѵȿĸףٿеѾߡ
Ѿߵļĸףֿ˸׺ߵСˡѹԼûٴˣ͸ɴͷеĶΪɵլһȦɱеۣȥ游ĸסɱǣɱ׽ͺ׵ܵܡ
ˣɱԼȫˣҡڵس˳ǡȺ˷ҵĲԣΪѾ߸˵ذһλħͽΪʦһħ̡
û¾ȥ¾䡢ͨˣ书ɺɱʦħ̽ʵԶɱħ¡ɱˡ


130 һſ
Ķ, ǰ˸Уʢ֮һĴɱ¾ͬ, ֵµ, Ѿǧ, ˳ơǧǸСǧͷǳߣƫƫħõħͽݣ书ǿҲټ, ⷢټȴֲĶ֡
ߣעڵĻ
٪ʣ, ħŮǧ򶼻ʣʮꡣ
ԭܼ򵥣Ϊ٪ڰŮһжа˼, ŮͬһɱħŮǧħ̵Χ֮, ڵȻһġ
ˡ
٪ħŮȻͷھȴֻڻҼ𣬱ֶβ, ʵȴûдﵽвǵĳ̶ȣǵһ18, һ30㡣
ǧǸСboss, ǽħ̵ս, һҽս, Ҽս֮ǰ൱ײеֶ˺˵һʿһ·ڶͬһش, ҲǶԺĽսࡣ
˵, ﵽ72㡣
Ϊǵ, Ƕû, ˸⡣
ûȫˡ
ĶͽȻҲν˵£˸û⣬ҲЦŷˡ
ǣ٪õ900ңħŮõ1500õ3600֮ࡣ
٪ԼҩħŮһ׵Ȼ󹦷һһħܼʵ
ۡ
٪ҲˣͨҩָΪˣ˵Ť΢ָ¡ħŮµĹȻɢ¡ո˵ǿķΧҲ̫ࡣ
ΨǸǧѡķŻܸɵ¾˳ѡ
˼ӺʵƺҲ˵м
ɫӰش𣺡ƺʲôܿϸ˵һøǧгУһ书ϣһ²УһʧȥĽһ׳زûпԡ
һ˵ǧгǸǧһ٣Ҫж֡
ɫӰ˵õģ
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޻ģһѹޱѡ
ǧĶ֣طҪǧܸɹֱӱĨɱ
֮ˡ
ؿǧһۣת߽ڵС
û뵽ǧҲǧ뿪»ø׺ˣҪ߾ܣüƻ
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ҩҪٶȣѧṥǿ书
ϵͳ£Ӧ÷ǳеǧȴûзĴڣֻ촽ΧЩޱɨճ񶾡
ɨοǷ׷׶㿪óһƬĿմҲһЩھۿɱ
ǧһ飬ܵٴ򴽡
ţһɱɱȺŤͷ뿪

Ȳˡ
ҪɣȲҪѪˣ

٪塢ħŮǧ뿪ˣϵͳҲǸǧгע⵽ǧˣ绹е㲻ʹ졣
һ˵ϵͳһŰ׿
ɫӰһָ
ǰȻһŰɫſԡ
翴˿ſԸſͶݸٷ硣
ɫӰһſ
ɲǼ䣬ſΪһ⣬ٵƺӢһٷʿС
ʿǸУĿǰǸͯĸס
ǷǸʿɣСܵٷ羫Ľ̵ѧΪ˴ܸӰ죬ѧ书ҲżҼҴٷֻһγħ̽ɱ䣬ǽƴɱʧȥ֮ĸ׵̵¸ӷ䣬Ҳʱɽȵ书ɺڽϺ˼£ֵõһЩʵϳĸףںһӦټڶֹħ̣游ױΪֳ
ڵٷ磬ΪдСֹ˸Ǹ죬ֻҪն񣬴Ӳϧٷʮ䰮գǧʹߣѰǧӰ
ֻæһֱûҵѡ
ǧлԵУȻȴҲƻȥ֡ûϵԸǧֵ˸ĻԵΪʱеʽˣܱǧʵʱȥͽ
ƺԭſĿˡ
΢飬ǲָġ
ΪǸԵһСľͻתͶħõϰķɧǣϲˡϷϷӲǿˣԸ˳ۣ书Ҳе⣬ÿΡϷһ㡣ⶼŮˣרҵ÷Ǹˣ˶֪ҪĴۣҲôߣǿǡûʲô°ɡټôЩӸԣйȻкܶƲȴҲкܶϲô߸˵عԼҪӣռ˸Լĵط
һλϰԾǺֵģɲʲôǴǡʴ塣˵书ûߵȥֻĸ֣ﵽһˣҲȥԸǧ
Ȼ˸иĻûʲôָģҲûҪ°ܣԷչһλǿҶԸǧԸҺֵĿʿΪ¿ˣСĶСӢȥ

ϴˣûи̫ע⡣
һǱ嶯ɱ˵ԻܵӶŮһɱ˵ĵˣڱ׷ϣѣһΪŮŮĸˣΪϱϵ÷߶ҩ¶·ᱻɷҪûŻ
Իעһֱʮߵ׼˼Ҿӵȥ˺Ͱһ͹ᾧ˶ûˣ¾ʱӣվҲһڹٸСսսٲֵĵطͣ򵽽ⶾҩȲ뿪ˡ
ǸֻǸС֮ܿܿһǵĽֵ׻Ϳǵ컯ɡ

60Сʱܿ͹ȥˣοҲõԼҪĶ½뿪С
һȥʱֻʣοͻڳǣؾǹء
翴ࣺ˶߰ɡ
ɫӰ΢΢ͷᳯǰȥ
һεϯʣļοҲʧ
ɲǣٹ˲ñģȥ򣬿ҲֻзӦˣҲ˴ᣬװ׶һǵ
̾û򵽵˸ˡ
֮ſʼ鿴һλƷ档
ṩ󲿷ṩʮϣõԪǡ
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ʮǰһƷĿˡ
ĿͦģÿĿ˲ֻһԺ󻹻ῪŸԺ, ṺҲԽԽࡣ
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һүүϹŵЩʥǡ
ܹǮ, ҪˡΪǱѾ˵Ե, ϵͳֿԸ壬ǵָǵȫʢ״̬, ڴ֮ǰȸһʱλ˳ؽһ, Ҳǵ30
ȻˣʥҲԼǮ/ʶھͿֱӸһĵرֻóлķüɣòѣĿǰǲܵġ
ڵ, ѹûĵر
ôȻʱضʥܹǮ, ҲȻǹѴ󻧡
, ǵȫҲǾ԰ȫģһûüص, ſᱣסǵʲ, ǸԼʱ, ͬҲҪԼġ
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ΪԴ⣬ԭòУھͲͬˡ
ôڵĿ˿Գλĳɹٰ죬ҲˣԺҪˣԿµ磬ЩپٰͬĻ
ͷһ׮°

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Եοͣ۵Ҳͷѡ
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һϼܣȻвٿ͸ǵѡ
ϾǴ˵ģǵδǲܻظһЩţҲδôȻȸ㻤ġԶĺöõģҲԱΣʱԼôĳЩĹܡ
磬ڶЩ·ҲеҪˡ
ڵû·ӵЩãҪаľҪĴ磬˶ҪͬЩദͦõģһҲͦá⻹ŪһЩСĸ͸ĸǸصظɻ
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ôĥһԺֱӷԸˡ
ϵͳͷ󲿷ֶϼܣƷ˵㿴Ű졣ʮ˿ŵĹ·ʮŵʮһŵһٴ
ɫӰ顣
ǣǰĴ󲿷ֹ·˲ʧˡ
ֻѡЩ㡣
һɨ˵ұܰɡ
ɫӰĨõģ

еĿǾȵط֣Ʒ˺ܴı仯
вԭḻƷͻȻˮ˺ܶ࣬һЩƷȻܿٴβ䣬Ҳеͻأ


132 ·ϼ
Щ˲, Щ˵ȴһЩ²⡣
û˼ԼµöԲԣһԺĳƷٴη˾޴仯仯, Ʒİϡ
൱ϡٵƷһ, 涸Ȼ˺üʮƷǿǹ⻷Ҳһ˿ʮӵֻһ03ˡ
ͬʱһµƷ
·ϵС
˶ǹҵ, Ҳע, Ѹٵص㿪ϵС
ɲǼ䣬Ʒ¶
ƷʱΪĸΣ
һǺ«ľ108Ŵ󴮷飬۸һ3000ҡ
ڶǰٴʮ˿ŷ鴮, 500ҡ
˴ŷ鴮۷85
ĵٴһŷٸ30ҡ
ʱп, ⿴žǸͺ¿׼Ķ, ȻһϵУҲпȻǸ׼, ŵĶܶʱͨҲãøϸ
֣ܺͶˡ
·Ȼ̬, ˵ʲô˶ãҲ÷ֶŪġ
Ҫǵֵһа֮ĸЧ, Լô, ȫûѡû׽˵Ŀ˷ǳ, ܲ㹻ſûҪſʱҲͦõķƷˡԽߵļ۸ԽߣǿõƷУǵļ۸ǲôġ
ɲǼ䣬кܶ⣬ѸٵС
ͷͦ෨ҵģǲҪȥһˡ

ǧ֮磬СӴ8ܼۡ
ʦ١磬ŮëСƣӴ1020ܼۡ
磬һӺ񳾣108ӴʮӴ20Ӵ50100ܼۡ
ҩʦ磬ڻ𣬹ʮӴ1Ӵ520ܼۡ
ҡ磬׺Ű׺ˣ򹦵º«1ľ1ܼۡ
վϵͳϵ嵥ˢ£̶ʱѾкü׷׹˹·ÿһֹĿ١
Ҳ֣˵ܵĶ٣Ǵ۸񲻱ˣУͺѳˡ·ͲͬһڼġϢ˵ܺʣǴľѡ񡪡λǸг磬طĹģй·ˣ߳Ⱦǵľ涾֮ҲСڵļܶϲ㶼ǧ˿Ƶϵ˸⣬ܻסЩǼаˣȥύֶΪأ
ڰ׺ˡ
ǸɵŮǺױħƵģеһСľħˡһЩطʢıϧ״̬̫ǿѾǶǿߣҲȥҡ·Ǹº«ԼãڹЩԴϵķҡҪǸľķţҪȡԴԼȹ㣬ٰſһ£ֵ෭ʱͿԴӦȡʱҲ⣬Լе׬ǽԴϲ
˼ƮԶһСջ˼
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ţ
ȴ
ÿһ죬ÿһ춼

ϴԡ߳ϴԡ£ͷʪܵġ
ԡ⣬Ԫ粢翿СɳϿأĶ󣬷׷̧ͷ
ЦŹȥھͷ˻Ρ
ϸоһ߹˲Ʈȥˣͷ˿һ£Ȼͱɶ
ǵģͷ
ȻصԪԱߣһ
磬оô
ŵģȻھϴ軹Ҫ⵽֮¶ôһϴӣʵΪԡѪ
羫ĿʹϵͳóŨȸպõĳҰѪΪľܽѪǿ壬õǸ渽ŵķţȰǿȶܹ˳ƹĳ̶ȡ
ֱⷽܵܵݵԡСӪɷ֡ų˸裬˳
оܺܵȥοõĻôԵĺѪ
Ǹ̵ģܵȻͱʾоʺ˺ܶ࣬ƤӲˡһ٣輸ϵˮԼСһ£ֱۡ
͸ԤƵһõСˮµĵطûƤֻǳһɫĺۼ
˹һȦͣ²ð
ɫۼҲʧˡ
һšƹṩ巨Ŷ˵ͬ
ЧʸҲͦġ
ͦõġһЦҸ㼸СƿӣÿԡﵹһƿٰԡˮȻٰ·ѹݽȥ͸һ
˵䣬粻֪ĻСƿӣÿֻʳָôȫ˾ϵ
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ϻع񣬿ʮӷ鴮ܵ洫ķǳ͵ϢεЦЦٴνӹ
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ϵͷһ룬ȫ൱ÿķȻÿһֻһŷ飬ӹɣÿŷ鶼һƽ͵С
ǣ
һ˵Ҳ֪ԽԽΣˣܶͨ¼䡢ϢӰʱȫû취ֿҿ㹫˾ôҪԱҲٰɣϲҹߵذţǾͷһ΢һС˵ͻʲô¡ΪԷһЩȥЩҪֶŷҳϵͣÿһǸֿóһСһЩĿڴϣķţֵĹЧǿһ㣬磬εġȱЩ֡ЩԽԱʲôġҪǲˣһ취ȥŪ㵽ʱֱӿھˡҲƴǣ˵ŪЩѣɲΪЩԭԼһ״ء
ϱһϯ˵ãͦжģеЦá
ôţҾôš
ʵԾ˵ǮֻΪԼøõ;˵ܵˣòһ׵ܵܣж˵ˣѾҪһһˣԺעûӵģ׬ǰþͺãĸܵҲǷˮ
ԼĸԸģͺñǸܵһЩͨʲͲĹɷݶѣֹܲӶܶԴƷ
ֵϲãȴнԶԷõ˼ϲ˵ȴ׵ġ


133 鴮
Сæһֱ, ĳһ˯˼ͻȻѹʵܸǿΣնҲܴ, ǰΪɴıɣͰⲿŵİŹȥһ, û취Сһˡ
ȻԸıֱʱ䣬·ͻȻ, ٻεķ˿, ǵطѾȵˣСȥûиʱ䡣
, ⲿΪ˰е㱩ĺɣͰһСӸСһȥ, Ҳİȫʿǿߣ⣬ֻҪⲻ̫, Ҳ㹻Сܰȫعˡ
ʵҲȷСӵı, ǸȻһХؽ˸Щ»ҰñСܵСӳԱǾһභ, оյؽ⡣
СǰȻġ
Ƕһ㴴ˡΪ»ҰΧʱ, Щϲߴգù˺ȴмȿֺİˡѹܲѽҲֻùڽӽʱ򱻵, ֲϹ
, ӰʵС
СĨ, һ㲣οҪֱҪ˿Ӫʲôģ͸ˡ
ȥԺǿûð˵ģһĽųƽˡ
֪ĪĸСܵǿǲܿģܿһϲСܺȹԺ󣬹ȻǴﵽⶼһ㡣
ӵɫÿ٣Ҳе㰲οҲ˵
ˣ˲ãиĿ͹ˡҿ£ϴθͶѣҾûǿݣԼȥһ°ɣ
Сһ
ѡԪϴθĶܺãÿԵԺɫúܶ࣬ͦСҲûˡָĿˣ϶ʲôͨҪȻҲòȿѧȸĹ
ôţСܶһ㲻һʹ˳ȥٶҵݣ
ʱ䣬ͷһ顣
СܿԺԥ˵оķˡⲿŵĹϵȽϽҲͦеģЩмһ鷨Ϣͦºͣûκһܱȵ
Ө⻪ϢԼԼƽĵʹûйȥ׽ֻܲǿһۣЩӰһǳº͵¡ɢʧˡ
СȲȦ
ϣˣ
оʱʱ̶̿ɹ̫ȫҡˮһ֡
ůڡ
СٴֽϤּ
УÿðɡôûҴɡ
ҲԪ
Сܺ鴮һְֵĸоˡ
ظˣ˵ǵõ鴮ⲿſҲòóҲԲͨó
ᣬۻˡ
ǻվСܵߵģСʱʱؾͻᱻһֺЦβͬǳСǰҵĵطûٽӽ
Сʶ顣
ɣòǰʲôΣڰģԪʶͦͬŻµġ
ô룬۾߹ˡ
С˿
󣬶鴮һС
Ȼıе죺͵ģöҪеаϣûӽ
֮Ըոպû̹Ϊ֮ǰɴսһ
ɱǸаģڳΪǰɲþ˯ϵǵûϴɾءȻģ˯ʱģԺúõĺۣһҲû취ú˵
սȻҲⲿţڴ֮ǰϻմ˵ɵڽⷿʱоСǱߵһǿº͵Ǿ£ǹڸմϵǵû
ûԺǹٶԺûʲô谭ˡ
СܴӺۿԭŷЦЦԪ͵ģУ˵ͦõĶҴҲԺȥǸֱҰЯӦþʡܶ¶ˡ
۵ͷŲܺá
Сܼ۶ô˵ˡ
Ҫãʱãʱá
˪ϣʱٿȻ¶һĨЦݡ
ΪСܵһ仰á
á˵ȻǹϵãϾֻͬް꣬ⶫж࣬ӦҲȾŸ׽ˡ
СܵͷⲻȻ˶ԪͺܸˡĲ̫̰ģȻû£ͷҲøܵرʾʾġҺӦñɣ˵ɶ˼
ۼף˵øֱ׵㡣
ҵ˼ǣǿﻹжģҸʱǣжģҿԴٻ
СܻȻô¶Ҵ͸ǷϢ
üȻ

СߣţǱ߶ͬĶ
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ȻҲţһдţλϴı¸֪ԷԲøͨĹ
Ȼĸ磬⴮飬ͨԼһЩССĳԡȻѸٵط˷鴮ǿá
ܶ£ҲһѸٵؿʲô
ټϣʼձŸѰŵĽܺѾִ˾ĺü׬ǮĿҸ԰ĿԵΪѰŸĹ˾صĿ٣ҸѰһЩӦ̵ġ
ԾϺܿãܵҲܿá
ҸٸϵϵҲԴӾٻһЩĺö
ţѷ黹ˡ
λܵܵģܵܵⱣܸǳڶλػǶܵܵĹذѷռΪСһģȻԼķʽȥøࡣ
֪ԼСֵܣĳֻ֣ȫϧԼӳ̶ȶѡ

ϣԷһδͣ͸иԼ׽ˡ
ֻһ⡣
ûзָԪ
ûʵϣһгһԪе飬뵽ԼȻûпǸԪˡ
ʵԼҲ̫ףԪǸ׽ģΪʲôƫƫû뵽Ԫأ
ԥһ¡
񡭡
û뵽ҪԪû뵽ҪԼһһ


134 Сǧؾ
һʱ, 벻ԭһ£ҲΪ, ֻԪĸоǣ涼Ҫġչˡɡ
, ʶԪǿ, Ҫ, ԣԼҪĶҲ;ԪҪˣ
еǣǿ
翴˿ողŰԼԪ
Ԫϻûʲô飬翴ȥɲǣҲؿ, ϢȻȻתůһЩ
û˵ȴǸȻѯ֮ɫ
һûʲô
Ԫջߡ
磺
Ԫٿ
еˡ
Ԫ磬ղ£ͻȻ׵ʲô
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һ㶡
Ԫ˵ϲһ
ٿȻԪ֮ǰ˼, Ԫ˵ĻȻûʲôرģ֪ô, е΢΢ȡ
һС, ܾһӵʱ䡭ɣ߸Ҳ˵
˵֪ˡ
֮, ʰôõĶϴϴ֣Ǹһ, ɳϿ
ĸ̨, ʲôʲô, ġ
Ҳûⷽ桭κϣйִ

Ԫ硷硣
־ͿԿ̫֮Ǽڵ磬һ̫Ǽϳɳ󣬽姼Ҵ۷壬Ӵֶı䣬ں˵̫ǼԾʱҲͬΪ
̫Ǽ׶ΣԭֻһĽӣ˵ﲻǿߵĵزԴſԺ̫Ǽ֮ǰͲͬˡ
иԴãкܶöʵȲ˵Щ˶ĺôֻ˵̫ǼˣѾΪЩʵɿͻơһ˵ˬĴ
ʲôˬĴǸ˭ûʺã˭û죬˭ûսǿ˭ûãֻҪҪģ鷳ǻᵽӵģʹԼȥԶԷ֣ԷҲԶ˥ܡ
ԣиĶǰѰҡѼ鷳ˣʵܲ
˵ģĿǰЩˣλ
ǵģͬλûһϱȵùԣѸٵش׵һףôʱ䣬ʵѾﵽһ׵۷壡
Ҫ֪Ǹ۷Ǿͷˡ
ͬʱΪ̫ǼڼĵλʹԭһĵһλһԾΪеǰλ
ֻ֮ǰΪʵʱûﵽ˵ԵʣϾ滹һλһλ̫ϳϣǰҲһλǿߣͳ񣬺Ƕ۷Զѹүү
е£̫ǼŴ˵ģȴûλԼȷ姼Ĺλϡ
ЩλҲʱ̫ǼڣóĶܵκ˵ɣҲʲôȥ
һ죬̫Ǽӵټ
̫Ǽһ޴Ѫ߳ԱиӰٿȻһϡ
ǿʱڵȫ
꣬Ѿȫ̬һλ߰ӡ
̫Ǽǰȥ
ѪﻹˣϢްǿߣһڽﾲģǸЩꡣ
ɣǿ߶̫ǼĸĳˣǸ꣬Ǳ̫ǼġѾʮ־һλа׿ˡ
ѪأȻǺѪˡ
еſߣü˶ôһѪء
ѪԼ۱ȸ߰

̫ǼãļѾˡ
߳һɨȻ̫ϳϲڣֵεġ֪е⼸϶ڡ
̫Ǽ񣬵λϡ
姼˶Цݣڿ̫Ǽʱ򣬼ʹ治˵ʲôҲԺ
̫Ǽضˡ
̫Ǽ
SνһҪ֪㡣
̫Ǽ˵λԸ
S˵ԳǸһؾ˵һؾĵرУͷһȥߣĪĺôؾƣԼ׼߲ڣʶ姼£߲ܵȡЦζֻؾеĺô࣬ҲмΣգһУϡɸҴǰȥһ̽
̫ǼһЦкβң
ȷʵûʲôҵģؾΣգѵܳ϶УֻҪУͷʲôֵѵģҲκε
SȻҲ֪ģá
ȥҲҪһЩ֡
̫Ǽ֪ؾȴ޶⣬ɻ޶
S֮˽й㣬˴νؾޡ
̫ǼһȻǲ޵ģ
üͷ΢ѸٻԼ伮
ؾ٣ͨؾĻؾ£ʱ򣬲ǿĻǱֻǶһЩȫơ
һơ
ؾΣնȣʮϵ
ʷأһؾʱһϵߣ߲٣ΪؾԴ緢߼ҷģҴ󱳾ıѸٽӻغ󣬼ġƽɢˣʹҲȣһƬȷѪбɱмʶᡣҴ֮䣬еĴ˺ƽЭ飬е˴Ҳһ¼ôһûȥѷҳÿնȡǡ
һƽԺɻЩһǿߡ
ؾʱƵҲƵĽ֡
̫ǼȻˣȴ⣬Ҷȥ࣬ҪΪá˴ؾδزǸûᡣ
SҲд⡣
һλ˵姼ӵҲӦ̫ǼؾһмȻӣѡһҲͶͳܡͬˣһܱ˽⣬ʵǿһЩģҲӦ
Եʵ̫ǼҲǫ飬Ӧǡ
ȻһλóһСƵ̫Ǽ˵Ϊ֮ȥؾΣգ̫Ǽţûǽã⡣
ϴͷҲ׷׶֣Ѷ̫Ǽݹȥ
඼Ƿ͵ģʲôı£һܼܵȵȡһЩܵĵҩҩ֮뵽ģƷʸߵĽ̫Ǽ
Ȼڶ೤Ҳ֪̫ǼУȫû⣬ҲܻܶಢЩѷɫĶһһ⡪ֻܲСǲʵʵְ֧ɣҲǸ̫Ǽ䣬˼
̫ǼȻ׵ģȫպãл
֮ЩҲʹ뿪ͬʱûʱ䣬Ѿһѡ姼ӵܵѡ
Ҫʵߵ⣬ĻҪӦǿģؾԴǳ࣬öȽףҪܻһֱ̫ġû۵Щû姼ңͰ

;磬һ¥ǰ
һ죬δƴһ˽һѳֱδ󺺺ͷ
ڿкȻתֳһޣϴɫ׵磬˲ͰǳסԼһͷ˫ŷȵվڵϡ
ͬʱǸýٴۣϱһŹ⻪ѳϵ׵ޱƷʲ糤𵴸κ󣬾˲ϳ˺üءһٳһѳʱǽƹƹҴһ
ھ¥ǰĵһ߱ڣཻպգռ˾¥ǰôһյءǴӵϴϣѹ硣
ԭ龰פ˶һƽİȸɢҲһЩͬеˣվڲԶĵطΧš
иòѰ˫տȻĬĬһԼ֮
˵Ľս˼ҴûãǴ·磬ϱ˺ü˿ڣĵ㾫ͼֲȥˡڽߵĹԽԽʱҲӲѾѪһˡ
ֺޣȻôӭȥǽ߶һΣȻҲԼϢԽԽȻ˦һƣ
Ƹ߸߷ѸٳȺȥ
ͫæγֱƣ
󺺹Ц³һѪĭ˵ͨؾͨе
Ȼֹˣ׳˶Ȼء
ʹû˵꣬˼Ѿװס
ҵ̤֮·ˣƱ˦ɲǣҲǱ߹ȥˣֻǿʼ֪ʲôûҪǲҪѡ
ھͲͬһͨؾƣֻ̽˶ʱʼ˷ȥǸơԼ̫࣬ȥҲ֪ǲô룬ǽµĲȴһҲҲ˹ȥ
ȺǸ߽²ӻ˻Ҳ֪ô˾ʧˣûκ˵ע⡣ŴǽǴڳһӰһ´ߣ˭Ҳòٶȴ磬ģȴ˶Ƶǰ
߱ձ˼ΧˣҪȥժƣȴû뵽Ȼ˳ÿյ˽ǰŭһնȥȴӰһΣݳʮ⡣
űժҲٿʧ˶ߵģ
ŭɶҲһͷˮ
ֻǣǷӦɲǣʮĺֲ֪ôȻʮɡʮɡʮɡ
ô׷Ҳ׷ˡ


135 ܵ
ͻȻڳƵ, Ȼˡ
ΪһĴʿܱȲ̫Ǽ޵ĴЩʱ޷ĵ, ҪһЩ鷳ҲҪѲСĹ򣬵ǾԲϵģؿָеĽָ, ·ĽָȻǵһλ, ҲȻõġ
ȻҲ⡣
Сʱھ͵õһڸ߶˵·죬߶ʲôطأǲʵײͿѧܿԽһ󾳽·, ĵǳ, ͬƷķŵһ롪Ҫǳ״ˣֻҪͿյеϣ·ٶȻ
ϾߵҸ㲻οǾ粻ģ
ղŶսġ, ʵϻҪ͸һģҲԿԴӰΧȦܳȥġ
ϽԸǸĵġ
ô, ֱ·򵥽, ΪʲôҪøӵķ, Ҫʱ䵢ˣ˵ע⣬ǿ߸Ϲʱ, ǲ鷳
ϴߴϺ˾, ȻڳûκܹȥĽŲ, ֪ϢʱѾӰӶˡ
ֵڶֱزٵĽָǾܸıòϢĹߵߣͬĵƲͬ
ȻҵĵֻҪǼۡǸߣʲôˣĶǿߣû취ϵòҲ޷ֱϢɶ
ݵĵߺ·ķţһ·˳죬൱֮񣬼ʹж2ǴڣҲеһȲҪ˼̫ǼҵŰ½棬ԷȡԴҪ;ؾżȣĿǰڽָʱҲزϾͲͬˣǷ۾ܻӭĲƷռֲ黨ŷ䣬ԼϻҲϣһˡ
죬ϲ֣˳ι۷ûþͿ֣û֪ؾϢȻֱƵ֡

պƺĳǳأ˸֡˾ۼľ¥
Ȼһ¥˸
ԭͨؾϢ˲֮ٲȻѾٱסˡǰͨؾҲŸ·Ĵ̽Ѹٴ￪
һɢ޻˺ܾˣ֮ܶ·ӶŶ塣
ڰѾ¥ĸϢԺ˽Щ·ӣѸٰϢŪ
һοŵͨؾһؾÿǧſһΣΪмʱ䳤ÿҽؾߣܵõǳĺôؾԺҪͨƵģؾڿǰ³ڴ½ϵκһط
е·ߵʱ򣬾ͿܱҵԴеںƮţƿͻȻڴϣе˵ֻڼƴŰ壬ǰȻУ̧ͷһڶâɢȥڿһԾ׷âľͻ֣ᷢâơ
Ƶֺ󣬳߾Ȼ֪Ƶ÷ǻ֪һƣһԴȥˡ
ھ󲿷ƶǸԵˣȻڴЩΪ˾ܵؾȡؾԴÿһƶǻﾡõģһҲ£ԽؾԺЩܺƺƵȺӣΪǲĴڡõƵɢ޾Ͳͬˣеıţһ𣬿ɻһЩƧģѹ֪ԼƵ¶
Ϲ߳ǰԻõ㹻ϢͲٲˣȻûɽ
ûãؾĳԽԽˡ
ܶ½½⣬̾УջҡõСԺȣͳͳñ
ûеõƵˣʼڸзɨǻɽؾﻹصƳߣΪ˵õؾʸǲϧпܲ˵ĵطȫѲһ飬˴ͻеƳȷʵץǿƣҲк֣֮ܶ߶е˻ˮ㣬ֵø󡭡һƬȷѪꡣ
һУ޹ء
ؾĵ죬ɽһټٿسһʵ޻ߣ˸ش߳
ϡ
Ϊһ˺ָܶĹұȣЩһֱԼռһ䡢Լľһߵؾ
ڣƷ֪ͨ
ϴ߳ԶԶŸ߿жȻѿķ϶һǡ˿̣ӷ϶ﴩ͸ƵĺǸϡ
ؾȺȻҲзֹסϵģϧֻһº۵˱ؾȴȫϲ˭
һѣκ˳½
ΧһƬտȻ¶ɵЦݣһڿޱȵųһֻ䡣
ȥĵط
䡰ˡᣬȦ󣬾ʹĳȥ

Ԫ硷硣
㣬³ؾڲһɽС
ɽ⣬ѾۼԸߣٰɢˣѹѹĺôһƬ
姼Ϊļ֮һȻռһķλ
ɳϻżؾĶΪ׵ģһ֮ӣѹڶߣ˷̫Ǽ
̫Ǽʮ姼ӵܡ
Ȼ̫ǼԼ֪Լ紦һ۷ˮ׼ĻʵǸϸһЩġ
ͱ磺
͹ǡѪԪΪס
졢ԪΪһס
浤䡢ԪΪס
̫Ǽ磬ʮ죬ʮУһÿһ졣
ǵģȻֻѡʮˣûһ˵ľһ¡
ٶؾԺ󻯵ؾۼǵ
姼ҲĻļңֱףͬԶһΪӣϵҲֻʮ䡣
姼ҲͬǣļҵӶǸһֵģ姼ң̫ǼѾԽһӦΪͳ˧ˡԭĹǣʱе˵õͬ콾ôƽ׵ذһƵģû취ҲֻĶѣԪǣˡ
Ȼģһ͵ĳǿ姼ʢҲֻﰵ̾
ǰǱܿһ콾̫ǼΪûϵǣ̫ǼȻΪĸһˡ
˶˼ʱ򣬺Ȼ䣬ɽһ磬ƾճһ©ȥһɳʯ
߶ԣЩɳܶʲô谭кܶѸΧķɳ̧ͷ©ȥ
˾гؾˣ
˶ȥȻ©ʵһŻ棬ԼԼѾһЩҩ滨ľҲǻ
û˳ɡ
߾˻ķɶ꣬ȿֺس©г˹ȥ
̫Ǽ姼ˣһ£ߣ
ȻһԾ𣬷ڣ姼ӵǽ棬һûС
յʱ䣬©ʼС
ûüȥͳ壬ڣ©ʧ
ڰԺؾ˶ᱻ³ɽ

̫ǼվȣͲһֱ˶ŲæһץһǹȻģбųǰһ
ǵ˲ͱ˻ȥǳƬĵ̫Ǽǹתǰγҫ۵ǹеĵҲȫֵס̫ǼֻᱻˣǿڵסȻǹһģǹͬһգ۵ֱǵ
һǹ̫죬͵Ϯ˸ûܷӦҽжͱֱͱĿڣˡ
̫Ǽջǹûһʬ壬кߡ
Ϊ©ԵʣȻҶһڽȴɢؾĸط姼ҵҲ⣬ڻ̫Ǽģֻ߸˶ѣнһߡ
ǵ̫Ǽһº߸ȴ첽ϡ

ؾеܳ棬姼ӵ緽ʽ֣ûøЩ;£˶ʮʣµЩûţžǾԶˡ̫ǼڶӵܣСĽؾߣûãѾҵĵرȻػ̫Ǽָ£ڶӵַ֣ΧɱѸٴﵽĿġ
姼ӵܼһ·ƣʹҪˣҵģͻһϧ̫Ǽڣͬ޵Уû֣ͨɢ˻СԷܿȻܺãϱܿģҲǺƶҪ̫Ǽ֣ѾöԷߣˡ
̶̼ʱ姼ҵİԵǿᣬö֪ĶںҴӵҲڸ姼ʱżᵽһЩ
̫ǼЩؾЩŹ֡
ȻؾȷʵԴ񣬵ûе伮мصĳĵؾôѵ˵ؾǸġƶ
˼˼̫Ǽκһҵı
ԽһƬȴһȺɢסˡ
Ⱥɢϴ̰ЦݣǴѵغǳ̫ǼȺšӵܽңǾͻº֡
姼ӵһʱס
ݺؾЩ죬ͷһμôʶġʵǿҲ˵ͷǰȺʵߵҲѣȻ姼ҵĶ
̫ǼɨһЩˣ˵
姼ӵǣ
һ˲ûȺٷŭ֣姼ӵѾһһɱ˽ȥ俳üͷһ·
̫ǼֻûߵɱͲҽУڶӵܣֱֱԽȥ
עڲԶĺϡ
챦ס
̫Ǽ˫΢Уߡ
ڶ姼ӵҲˣɿظڼ۶ȥ̫Ǽ
յʱ䣬Ѿִڡ
һСɽȣ̫Ǽ̧Ŷ룬姼ӵܣȴֻһܸȥ
ʲôơ
̫ǼǣиϤӰִ
֣


136 
ͨؾǧһĴؾ, 棬ҩ洦ɼ·żߵһʯͷ˵ҲҪѺüԪʯ򵽵Ŀġ
·ĵر͸, ǱȽͨı, ֻҪǰ, ȫǰᵣĳ۵ʱ̫鷳, ڲֱӾ, ѹġСҲ⣬ЩɶǷ, ٳɶ, ҲһǮˡ
û, ϵĴ, ûϵôռ䣬ٿֵصǲ֣ʣµҲ, 㹻ѻġ
ġ̽, ĵط, Ƥᱻһ㡣
ڸϲ෽򵫸պ߾ͷ, ȻȫҲԴˡҲ֪ʲôˣ硢ݲЩԼ׳ɻĶ, Ȼε, ¡
ȻǼ˺òײܽؾ, Ƿ׷׳ǰ·, ץǸռôԴļһ, ֻҪץˣǼһԴҲԡ˹εƤǣѼԴҲҪʱɣ˭ҲûҵǵٶѾˣûҵǸˡ
ȻҲ˶˵ӰӣôΪ˵ʵǿҵǸ˵ĺۼ
ͨؾͳһԣԼٶɢȥ
˵һ̰޶ȣٶ죬֮ëʣһҪ򽫻һ񡭡

һתεԱߣи۴ߵ߰ǣһСϸϸŸ븽ĲԶһֻűȰƴ˶ٵСڱѪſƤȫûȻѾˡ
𿴺ڵϸ£ʵٶȷǳ죬ֻ˼ʱڳŽһֻϻȻߵֻСԱߣְʬսռ䡣
ɣǾתԱŵˣϿǸٶ͵ģӦû綾ϧһٶ֮ϵģ׾Ͱ㶨ˡ
ûãֳһĵرĸ
һͷͻӺֱһͻĹʱգͬʱ˵Ӱͻĸ·һѶ̵һӳǰ壬ʱ䣬ͻĸɳ徢˳ʿอһأͷʬ嵹ز
վСھĵرպãȡǾ߻ʬ
ţ˼Ծһþ¡
ƣżʮĹӣɢ㣬Ȼȴһߣжʮɳ
ֱڣ磬ѸժһŹӡ
ߴŭȻ壬ֱȥǺͷӽʱѾٴڵһߣٴժһŹӡ߸ӷŭٴκȥȻûܲ׽˵Ķٴδٴεժ¹ӡӶһһΣ߲ôŲ޷ϣֻźһŽһŵذйȫժ⣡ͬʱ빥ʱȴԼȻϲϴУѾ˸βƵᡣ
ٿȻھǰ
һѷޱȵĶ̵նĶġ
Դˡ
ټʬ壬ֱսռ䣬ţڵͬļþһ˲ʧҲռ䣬ֵϵһ
ȥĸطط
Ǽٵ֧£ûκһط谭

һֻں˵ϣˡָȻָͣ⡣һȻ˵챦֪ˣ·ɡ
תȦɿǰС
ҲתԼӵ죬һӰָ֮ء
һСɽȡ
ɽк뵣˱ǣ룬ûκ谭
Ȼڿɽ龰ɲǣ¶ޱʹ顪߸ûܿǣʹ
ǳֵҩֵ൱ģеҩ൱ήңҩȫʲôȡ䱾ļֵʮһ
˳ҩȡķ򿴹ȥͷɽȵ룬иС͵ʯźܶ಻֪˼ʯΧԿźܶȻ·
Щ·£ʯǰ˵ʯһεºֱһεǣȫ·һʯ
ͬʱҲЩȻ·ãŰʯҩеҩҲȡȥͳͳ뵽ʯ֮ڣʯһ
֮Ӧǲʲôãΰ£һ챦ɢҩһ˶֪⳹ûʯԺǼ챦ͻ᳹׳ˡ챦Ƕô棬ʹڻҲ㹻˴ˡ
ҲʯĶڱصãֻǡ
⣬ĸ˷ɢվڲͬλȴţû
ڼϺǼ˶¶顣ǣûκһ˹
ϿɲΪǸ߷ڣҲû
ȻľǶԵġ
Ƭ̹˴Ǹ꣬ʯҲע⵽ڳˡȻһЦȻ֣ͳһСĹ͹ȥ
ǹ¶һĨЦûκγַ˼òԣѾˡʯЩУкüǶȻܵʲô̼ƵģٿȻĹâ漴üµĹЩ·бŷһֱϡκηӦ·ʲôƵĸˣȻͱǹĨˡ
ûĨ嵽ȫʧĨ
Ϻҡ
ʼվãҪСģܹ򹶣ܾܣϹͷܻóá
ʵԣ½½ģһЩ˽ˣǽеԹģ˵ôü˽ʱռϷơЩֻȻףطˡ۲죬ܽģҲʵв࣬ǹ䶼ߡȫʮ£Ͷ׼ˡ
ϲô⡣
˵ܴ챦ͺڳܹܲνܹٶȿֱȥܹƾٶȣ͸ˡ
϶վһߡ
ΧһƬճĿռ䣬һЩ˶ָָ㣺
˵λˣ
ߣθˡ
죬챦ͺҵҪСģȽסΪϡ
̫ߣƤëʵڿɺޣ
ϣ
ʲôߣڼּҶѡ
ֻǣѵĶҪ
ݣȻɨˡ
ã˵ҪֻС֣кܶƺûԣҲЩҪһж
һ߿챦ͣһ˼ж·ʱͻȻ䣬һϤɤһ
֣
һ㶣̫ˡ
תͷȥȻһߴӢӴ룬󻹸üƵߡ
̫Ǽ
ϵһӦǣ磬ǰ˵Ҳһ֮ꣿڶӦԼߣ⣬ǰɣôʵˣֻϵó
ӢѾǰЦݣּ֣ˡ
Ϸ˷ߣͬк֣
˸ɴվһ
̫ǼСѯʣ˵һҲܺд
ϸоԣһ٣˵֣⻰˵ǡ
̫Ǽ졣
ϸ졣
Ŀԡ
ɣ
ǣûȷɻ챦Ȼ͡
˶ٿȻ飬֪Ѿй챦Եߵ֮ڶ߷׷Ծˢˢس챦˹ȥ
֮ǰ˵Ҫϵģֳ֣һˣһȥ
ûʲôģȫڻֻҪг챦ģᱻ˲ס޷ӽ챦
Ϻ̫Ǽǹϵˣ
̫Ǽֱ˵֣ȽЩ˵鷳Σ
һЦ⣬֣һ֣
̫Ǽãһȣ
ϣҿ˭һͷ
̫Ǽʤ
ϣ󡣡
˵䣬˸˵ЩѾܽӽˣѸٷɢߣֹ
գۼ伸غϣϵٶȸ죬̫ǼָΪңֻͬ˲һϢʱ䣬ѵǰĶԴ
һʱ䣬ʤ
˺ԥٴγ֣ɼͬʱһͷŵڶšţڼ䣬Ƕǰȫնɱˡ
Ȼʼշֱ治˭һ˿
̫ǼһӣˬһЦ
׻ȥһ̫ǼϱƽʯʱȻתסͬһ˵ĹɱŲתߣгϹȥҪ谭ͳͳסǻĵģ򶼱ÿֶΣɱ˸һɶ
̫Ǽ̫ǿˣһ򵱹ĪûԽߡ
Ҳû̫Ǽʧ̫ǼĿ϶ȡѸٽʯ챦Уװ
ۼʯĶҪȡˣ̲ס姹ӣδ̫Ե
ŭȣ챦зݣˣεºҪռ
˵
姹ӣ͸Ϊ𣿡
̫Ǽ㾹姼棬챦øˣ姼ӵܣǾ챦ã
姹ӣøˣҲҵһݣ
Ȼ̫ǼȫûЩȵǴ
ǰʬǶѻѪˮʣɲˣҲ˺Щ˵ĵ


137 챦
̫Ǽ赲, ûκһԽޣȥֻһ˿̽ٶ, ԶԶ̽Ҳˣӽ̫Ǽ֮أᱻ̫Ǽؿɱ
ڣû˸ҳˡ
һŵǶܲģûа취ǼȻ̫ǼĶ֣ȻҲԴúôЩթͼҪ̫Ǽ, ӣκ̫ǼҲûб˼ϵ
ɢֻ, 󲿷ֶ̫Ǽ, Ĵ඼Ǵӵ, ˰, ǿ̫Ǽּ֧غϡ
, ֱԸ姼, , һ̫ǼͬΪ֮, һҲֻǸüȽ΢ѷɫݶӳԱ
֪̫Ǽľͻƺܿ, ԶԶ, Ѿһеٮٮ߲, ǱϾ̫Ǽģ֪ʵϿǽȻͬ, Ҳ
ǾͿ, Ҳڻȥ̫Ǽй̵Ľ, һǲ֣̫Ǽʵԭĸǿ
Ǹ̫֮ǼϸܵµѹڼһĽӶսλ壬ɲ֪ôģȻã̫Ǽѹǿ̫ǼɵɱҲ
ΪǴҲԼΣյĸ֪Ȼת˵²Ϊߣ
֮еӦæ
Ҳˣֻͷ˲ǲ߶ѣ˿̡ԥ
λԼʤһߵˣһĽܳӵ̾ҲϺˣһ·ɽȥ
ۼһɽﻹǻгԡ;еͬ뿪˶ˣЩɢɢﻹͣȻǷ׷׶ˡ
ɽֻʣ姼ˡ
Ҳǡʱ򣬰е챦ȫ˸ɸɾ
̫ǼҲȫƣͷߵԼߵˡ
ǿǰ޳Ц֣һ֣˴Դɨˡ
̫Ǽ֪ڵ٩Լڴ½ߣɱǳ£ֻɱöЩѡȴЦѣҳȥһѻ𣬴˼Ȼ͸ɾˡ
ü˵ǡ
̫ǼʱϵǲԼòˣ͸ɴذ߸ȡ
һֱԱ߰ӷԸ姼˲ŷ֣ǼҽĬʶģȻǸòҲʮߡէһƽƽ棬ȻҲмֿݣǹûӢòȴѷɫö࣬ϸȥԷһ˫Ϊ񣬽ԿҲ˼صϢ
姼ӵܾãվһʵǢúܣҲͻأ
̫Ǽܵո姼ӵҲ˰Ȼͬ壬к姼ӵܹǽܡ
λ֣ѣʱʶȼңҼɡ
姼ӵæϴк
̫ǼҲϽλ姼ӵܣȻ˵ͬ˴һͬúܡ֣պˣܴʱɲҪϧ
Ͽ姼ӵܣǶסһЦ˵ַġţ챦ȡƿֱһƿ̫Ǽƽְɡ
̫ǼӹƿڱǶ᣺֣֪ʲôô
Ҳͬᣬ˼˵Ϣθз·̥֮УȥЧظǿ˵áи²⣬ɴ࿴̫Ǽһۣʾ⡣
̫ǼȻ
˵姼ӵܾԱߣǲܿ˾ٶȻҲһʱٻǸԵſ壬飬˽ġ
ʹָͬ磬ʶʱҲʮֳã֪ΪԴʶ;ͶԵദѾǼõѡ
ȻѣôȻܶϵԹͨǾӶԷΪѣÿһ춼˵ϼ仰
Ȼÿ˵δҪ϶ãҲδһͷһ˾ϻظֻʲôҪ֮¡¿֮¡Ȥ֮£˴˵һ˵
һԽԽϤʹؾҲûʲôУٶĬķӦ
ڣ׶Է뷨Χ֪ģ˽ĸԷɡ
[֣֣ȴ̥⣬˵е֮á]
[֣Ŷȷǲ]
[֣˺ôҶϲãһ¶ȥв]
[֣ǱҸãʱм֮һԱ֪]
[֣]
[֣Ǳ̸]
[֣á]
˽˵˺ü仰ˣ姼˿Ҳ˶һۺѡǳԶ⡣
̫ǼЦ룺ѵü֣ʵԵɺϣ֪֮ȥ֮
˵ǵûС
̫ǼȻûУͬУڼøƾ£Ʒ֮ʱһ֣ͬᣬ󣬵ʱ֮Ҹ룬Σ
룬ͷӦҲá
˵ȻǸֻϲжˣ̫Ǽһ𣬺Ҳͦ˼ġԼףǰΪûпεˣҲûαˣϾĺö̫ˣ֪ԽԽεûҪ˼һСģҲп©Ϣ
̫ǼͬλҹӱӦһˣƫƫú˳ۣҪͬһˣ˳ۻԺסۣʹ֪Է޿ޣǸģҲҪ֡࿼Ǽ֣ɶԷˣһеĿˡʲôܱиֵǿУΪУʲôﶼпıõǻõʲôûͻԡҲûκι˼ɣȻҲ̫ǼƷС
Ǳ姼ӵܼǼٶȣԥûеֶǼҽһƿ챦ƺʮϧģҲкøеġȻǸ̫ǼжϣȻ̫ǼˣҲûжġ
ǣ̫Ǽõкϣһߡ
°ߴϡϰôˡ
̫ǼȤҲûʲô顣
ֻǵϸ̫Ǽ߳ؾе㸴ӡ
ΪǸ̫Ǽ姼ӵһߣɽ⡭ôѹѹĻʮ姼ˣ񾼾ؿߣ
ϵĽŲɲһ١
̫Ǽһʱ䷢ϵĳɣ΢ת˶Է뷨ɺЦȻסϵСۣݸ˵ΪܡĿɨ姼ڶӵǣ˵Щ姼֮ˣɽҲʶһ
姼ӵһ̫ǼĻʱˢˢسϿ˹
ϣ
һ˵ԡЩĿ£ѹеˡ
姼ӵǺ׷׿ڣֹӡ
ϣλ񡣡
к̫ǼһɨΧ
ɽȵĸԶʵ˿ֻΪ姼ӵ˶ڣʹôһЩģڷЩӵʱҲ
̫Ǽ˵뿪˴ط˵
ڶ姼ӵӦͣǣ
̫ǼʱȻһĨ΢Ц֣룿
ߵԱߣӦ롣


138 һѹ
ϸԼһж, 姼ѹؾԴжϾ͸˳˺ܶ࣬Щûɽȵ姼ӵǣҲŷϵٶȵж졪ʹǽȫܵ姼ҽ̫Ǽ, ٶһ, ҲҪѷɫϡ
ͬʱҲ, 姼ҽΪʲôôһԸⱩ¶ĿֹӳΪѣǸ˵ظԷһ˵Ϊڶᱦ鷳ʱλÿÿҪôͨһ, ޼, ֱĬ
ˣɫ˾ҪɫѣһʼֻǾ̫ǼĴ, 姼ؾһܵõĺô, ôǾ;ãֹӸ̫Ǽ, ؾĴô
ֹֻұ䣬Ҳʵ൱̫ˡ
̫ǼԼҲú졣
˵Ԫ˶Ľܸ࣬, ܸ, ӳʤʵ
ԼǣǶͨ, ȱǿǶ֮ˡ
ϡ
Ȼô姼ӵһ, ׻кߵԼ, Ϻ, Ҳϰˡ
ʵ˵, Ѻ, ҲȷʵԼһĬĬԴҪ˼

䣬˼ǣ̫Ǽģһλο߿Ҳ࣬ǸĿݵһṫӿڣĳ֪̫ǼǴ˵顣
ߣҽꡣ
ֳһȣʱ£򢣬ǰǣȴá
ϿȥŶԸꡣ
ԣŸòŮߣҵĽŮһλΪŮߣǰ׼ҵĽŮ
󣬶иԼеӵС
һˡѷɫЩһţʾ㲻ң֮ôҲ
ǸͬȥɽȵԼ߳˵磬姽ӵȷһͬС˺˱Ƕλɢ߿λˣ˼֮£µ姼Ϊ
˵ߣƵΧĵ档
ͺͺһƬ˵ͺͺ˵㣬ǵȷǲƤϿӿݣԭ滨ݵĵطеҩԵģͳͳˡ
ֻЩҲ֣ϾؾΪԴںܶԣ߼ԴҪ͵ԴҲҪ
ԶԵģһЩֻҪӵֲͨߣһЩֲġΪŨҲ˲١
ڣһƬؽ磬ͺͺܿӵӡ
һ˵ΪؾʱޣܶŪԴɢ߶Ứʱھ򣬱Ͼܶ߶˵ĵرػ޶ԸȽѣҪѲʱܽġ
Щ뵽һˣȫػ޵¸㵽߶ԴػƤӵŪԴץѸ١֡Χɱػޡֱ͵Ϯػ˲Լİֲ
΢飺Щɢ˿еĺˣȻʢ
תͷұߣ̫Ǽ似ĺۼ൱ۡ
ҲǾɲԭ֮һ
ֹεƤΪλӽŮȻҲ
֮һֻȷ̫Ǽģǲʲô⣿ƺʲô⣬ǶԷ˸ϲôɵѡ
ü̫Ǽ°ͣҵҲ벻Ҳ֪ǺǺҲܱΪѡ
˵ҲǲģǲƵݣ̫Ǽûǵһεģ̫ǼͻͽƺҲ֤˵ȷˡ
һ仰ꡢҲĬȻ
ѾһеĶȲ̫ǼҲͰˣɾʲôˣ֮ϣ̫Ǽۣ
ˣ׽֮ˣǸ˲ǣǾܸģҲһҪ̫Ǽһ
ѷɫſԣʱû廰أǱˡ
ΨһһǺ˵䣬ʱ˿
˵˵죬ĵǿ
üж죿
̫Ǽ졣
Ȼ棿ҲüĪôһʤ̫Ǽܱ̫ǼΪѲɣǿ죬ܹ
Ϊ콾Ǽûж̰壬ֻϿУҲǱѷɫһЩţ̸֮/Ů
̫Ǽ֮ˣ²ֻһ졯֡λض£ؾֻСҵδǲϣһϣȻһ֡
ʵϣԣʱ𺳵ĲǺ˵֮죬̫Ǽ
̫ǼʵȻֻȥһأֲֿҲǴĿģκηӦµǣĹ£̫Ǽû֡ǣܸо̫Ǽƺδֱɱ̫֡ǼжӲסͻᱻ״ɱˣ
һߣȫƿصĿɲ
䲻ʵ˼㣬վܲϣ̫Ǽ̫ˡ
룬ĸ콾̫Ǽ֣֪ܲסܲܡ

Ȼ̫Ǽ֮ģ˴ܸУҲҪϤļһҲ̫ͬǼһһǵ
콾δûвµ˼ǻ֮䶼̫˽ˣͬܺ棬̫Ǽڵı쾿ʲôزǸˡ
Ȼ
˵ؾ֮УʱشڸѰԴ
˵ҰԴӡ
佫ԼĶ齻õңԼֳ䰡
⻹û꣬ĸУΪ콾ǶҪ뿪Զʵ֮ʤһЩġһǿͬʱԴһȵǵķԸͬʱΪֲ콾ʱµȱҲҺ
һʱҲͿˡ
ˣ鿴ȻȡһֻѸٵشڳȥ̫Ǽڵķȥ

Դʱġ¡ж̫ǼҲе𾪵ģڵһμϹεƤʱЩŲסǶ顣
̫ܿǼΪʲôôͬʱҲ뵽ΪʲôԼǸɢˣȴҷдķҰ
һʱ䣬̫ǼЩԣԼ䣬־Ȥ
ǣɴʾ姼ҵļֽģҲһж
姼ӵǣ
аɣһжǼҽӵ
Ϊ姼Žᣬôġżˡհ
Ƭײ£ǻġ
Ϊ߶Դȡÿ죬˷ʱ䣬姼ӵǶϵľϸˣǸôءһʼĲ̫ϰߵҪ̫ǼԸԶȥѹΣܹҲûöʱ䡣
ûã姼Ҿ͸һ𣬳Ϊؾǹε߲ŹĴ˵
Щ˵
˾Ȼҵôİ֣
һ˵
姼ҵô˴ı仯
һվԳսʱΪ̫ƴ姼һ˵׻ǱԪ⼸ҵˡ
Ƿ׷׸ÿϸ̫Ǽ龰
վԳػŵģһ֦Ҷƣչ뼸ʮɵľ޴
֦Ҷӳ£ӦмٿңǶǽվԳĿ
˿̣һߴڸվԳءضսһͦεӰޱȣ֮ڼٴ


139 
, һۿ̫ǼܺͽվԳȭͷʱһ˿֮顣̫ǼȻѾﵽ˵ز
򿴵˺, ֻÿһڼҸ, һ̽Ҿʧ󣬲ӰζһƬҾʧˡ, Ȼǰδ֮죡
Ͱۼ, ǽվԳ˼زժкô, ÿҪǰȥֹʱ, ȱ̫Ǽס, ޷
أվԳԽԽ󣬿ɱժ˸, ٿȻһ׳֦, һ, ˾ͬһӰӣٿ˽վԳͷͬʱ, һǹȻ̧𣬹עһ̡
ʱ䣬ǹǹֱӴ̽վԳ, Ѹٰ, ʹɲ̽ۡ
ֻڵʯ, վԳҪӦ̫ǼӦ̫ˡ
ڽվԳʹ֮ǰ̫ǼȻֱһһ˲ǹͻһ̣͸˽վԳĺͷ
ţֳһѶ̵ǹ̴Ĳ̵֣룬һֻڵѸٵžԳĲתһȦ
ټĽվԳͷ­ͱǶ̵ֱи䡱һڵϡ
ƮȻ£ǡվ̫Ǽԡ
˲ź׽Щѵģ
콾ղǰϣһʱҲ֮С
̫ǼȻҲǣЦŲͷԺ˵ʲôȻ˹ƺûиǽܺ˵˼Ҳǣ˼ȻһֱԺڣҲǲԸ˶ӴģΨ̫Ǽ·ͬ
伸˹֣鲻Ըؿڣ姡ǰ
̫ǻýһʵЩˡ
̫ǼһЦλˡ֪кιɣ
λ콾һۡ
˵û£ˡ
ĿģڸոտһսʱѾǴﵽˡ
̫Ǽüǣλ룿
˵ͷû
֪姼ҼɨսҪڸʰһᣬ뿪úá
ߺ󡭡
һ΢𵴡
̫ǼЦŻعͷ
Ȼԭһ޴ĵطȻûˡ
ģֻһܴ󡢺ܴĴӡ
姼ӵѸʰо֡
˵ߣվͽˡ
̫ǼͷЦЦպӣɻҪ֡
Ϻԥû⡣
ѾժµӡԴ姼ӵĿƽֵġ
תͷ򶫱ߣһȥǱߣ
̫Ǽ˵á
롣
롣

ͻȻ䣬һϤ
[п֮]
ʱֹͣת۾
ĸˣ
ڵѾǸˣҲҪԽӴÿһλˣҪҲǿѡġ
ʱɫӰٴγԱߡ
Ԫ̫ǼͷͽϣһУһ
ˡ
Ŷһң
֪ͶԵҲ֪Ǿϵȥ̫Ǽ磬̫ǼҲǸġ
øԸȻ̫ͬȴַǳصģѽһȷʵʲôǸ㲻·˰ɡ
һҲҪϵͳشֱӷԸҵȥ
ɫӰվڵߣָ㡣
ɲǼ䣬Ѿڸϡ
ʱպ˵һ仰ǽɡ
ɫӰ˵õģ

̫Ǽվʯ̨·Ÿ߸ϵģΣȴŶԷĻش
̨ϵ磬ѾдϡҺÿǶܸסƸ񣬲ʧȥظС
ҲܹķӦΪ̫ǼϴһϢǴӸԵһؾȻؾˣ
Ǳߵؾ˵ǧһģ̫ǼǱߵؾǸûĵؾߵ˵Ȼͬһֵĵط
Ϻ̫Ǽ𾪡ñѯ֮ǣؾرյʱ䵽ˣؾȴûйرգϳŸ̫ǼһǰǸطȴиڡ
˵Ӧûڵģʱ䵽ˣӦǱؾֱӵȥŶԡȻϸ̫ǼӳڳȥԺ󣬾Ϳ˵ؾġԪˡ
ʱﺧȻȻУҲûѷң˺̫ǼٽػʱؾĳڻڣؾҲڡ
̫ǼܻɣؾǲǸպͨԪͷͽ磬⣬ؾҲȷǸͨؾԪߵûؾԭ򣬿ΪؾͨԪ硣
Ԫ˵ոͨ񲻾Ǹճֵġûƺûë
һһС
Ƿʲô£ǶҪ֪ԵɣܾһҪô

ľֻһ˲䣬ȻͿʼǰġ䡱ѰǷƵ
ǣһƬϢĳĬ
Ϻ̫Ǽû̵õش𣬲ĵ˼⣬ѵ˵Ǻص֮ҲҪ
ҵˡ
㶣ʶѯϵͳ
[ϵͳں]
˵ʱϵͳûаӰ¶Ժлش
[Եȡ]
ףϵͳȥͨˡ
ȻһӺϵͳع飬
[ǵģ]
[Ԫ硢ͽȻ磬ĹУǳƣСȻ̼ͬһ]
һһ΢΢ͷ
ҲǺ⣬ǵõʱҪתʱԪͷͽӦԶ95%Ҳ˵ߵʵֻ5%ҲֻΧڣȻǺСġ
[֮ӽгΪ˺󣬴ܶƷߵ磬Ҳߵƶ̫ߣɴ˲ԼͬҪںϡӿ˴˽ٶȵ֮£˫绺Էƶڿʱ򣬾һĴؾӣӵͬʱѾʼںϹ̡]
[ͨؾΪ˫Ľڵ㣬ı䣬Ϊؾ֡ںϽԺΪһµġΪںϴķϸ΢仯ӦûںϵʼԸû򻵵ı仯]
Ȼ
ǰļжϺˣͬΪƶȱȽϸߡȡķϢ˱˴ˣȷʵǻҪԷںϵġƶԽߣͻ᱾ܵظҪںϡ
Уƶ72%ֱ˿ˣһҪںϣһûǱȽΣգЩأôںϡҪںϵһǿеŲȥһӴˣһ֪ںѾɱ⣬ǿʼԷƿȨ翿ֻҪһԸһȫֵں϶Զʼ
ںϵʱʵҲҪںϡ
Ըؽںϣںϳɹˣ˫ںϽҲΪ˫϶ø˳ʻһȼƶԽԽԴĳͻ˷ѣ粻ǰٷְƣСݣĴԴغ䵽ʱ䣬ĵȼҲһЩںϺǶߵĽ壬㣬γһǿ塣
ôԸĻںϣںϻȽô˳˫ҲụɡںϵĹУƶԽߵںԽףɵƻԽСںɺĳ̶ԽߣƶԽ͵ںԽѣɵƻͻںɺҲΪ仯ݣںϺĽҲпܻΪͻµԴ˷Ѷʹݳ̶Сĳ̶Ҳ͡ںϺһ˶ԷںϺͻᰴʤһתһӦµĹ򣬸ҲΪ仯ǿи졪ӦĿȥӦģںϵĹУʹˡ
ϵͳԪͷͽֱǡһġ˲ŽжãȻŬѾñ˴˵紥ˣ׾Ϳʼںϡ
ȻȻ˳ںϣΪƶ̫ߣĸԸںϺ˵ֻһȼĽȻҪģͻôСѶȿҲܸߡ
еŹ֡
Ҳ˵˶ãҪϲһµǧˣ

˼Ӻ
̫Ǽͬʱ֮Ľ
ǵ磬ڻںϡ


140 ҴӦ
Ȼ, ֻ֮߶߶͵ˣڸһ仰̫Ǽϵſ, Ѹٴһ󴮵ϢѸٵ˽⵽ںϸ˵
һ, ̫Ǽ
Ǳ²ͨһԶܴˣû뵽ʵĸ졪ԭ绹ܻ𽥽ӽٻںһ
ǲ˼顣
ȻѾ֪˴, Ҳûм֮˼, һ뿪ˡ
ߺ, ȥԼĹ, ˿
ϵͳ, ˵ǵܵʲôĿ飿
ɫӰϢվԱߣ˵, ⲻȷ
Ӹ첲ҿŵ㣬Ǳֱ߳仯˸ңҹȥơ
ɫӰ˵õģ
ʱ·ˡ
Ͼںϲǽ췢ںϳɹģô˳мҲй̵, ںʱĿҲҪʱ
ôʱҲҪ, źı仯ͺá
Ȼ, ϵͳٴΰ͵
ڻԼҪ, ûء

̫Ǽ뿪к, һ姼ҵһ
ⰵҸ̫Ǽľ, ̫Ǽרıչصĵط, ֻҪȥ, ͻԶѷŷó̫Ǽ˶޷档
ƽʱ̫ǼУڼƤӵʱ⣬Ĵ󲿷ֶֻҪ˵ҪȥɣͻͽʵҲȷʵ˵
˴Ӱʾ̫߳Ǽ޾ӡ
̫Ǽ˱ϣпû뵽Ȼҵ罫Ҫ϶Ϊһʵǡ
룬˵˼顣
ϵͷ˿ڲ裬˵ǰҲû
ƽʱѧʱûϰǼ֪Լ˵綼ʺҲֻǾԵѣȴû뵽Ե
˵ſϢǵںϺõֻǽһȼ3Ҳǧˡʱ򣬿齫ֻ֪ʲô飬ҵҪӦԲŸ
̫Ǽ˵ҲǶ׼ЩԴЩ̽Ϣ½姼Ҽɣعڵǡ˵ϣ΢΢һЦ֣Ȼǣңʱ䣬㲻ס姼Σ
һ㶡
ס姼ңûǹ¡
˵ҲֽΪѣԾͬʱȤζ׶ˣżΪ֮оסһطȴҡ¡Щϰߵûʲôϰ߶ҡ˽飬͵òʧˡ
ûϾܾ̫Ǽ˵ںϺεȴ£ֽΪ⣬ܷģ
ϼ̫Ǽֿ̬һů
ѹػԭָô
̫ǼЦ֪ӣҲÿճȥҲϲ˽̷֮ˣԺšͬסԺƽȥɢľͳȥԸ˾ҷҪʲôԵ£Ҳǰҡͷҽ󷨸֪֣޲㴦ˡϣ΢ᣬ֮Σ¶֪ˣҵھУҲෳաҲ֣姼ӵܱ࣬ȵֵһҲޣĬֵĸûСʱһԮ񲻱ȸæã
ϼ˵˵زֻôӦ
Ҳգס姼ʱЩǡ
ܸѱ˴˻ϸ룬ҲȷΣʱܸء
ˣ߶ˡϳ̫Ǽͷ
̫ǼЦ֮á
ҲûʲôεģȻ˾ҲԼķ䡣
̫Ǽ˵ⷿ䣬ѵ͹⣬Ȼͬס
룬Ҳûʲôһϰߣֱסռȥ˵ȻͬˣҲռһ䷿պһͬȥʱͿǴסڻĽҰҲصûŴ
㣬һоֵķԸ

̫ǼϣͺܳģܿͰԼڶĸйðһСдϣϯϽϽܸĸǡ
ҲֻЩĸ֪ϵʵࡪϾԺ̫ǼҪǲʱܲܲϵˡ
姼ӵҲ֪̫Ǽǰύĺֹ뵽姼סˣ˵ֹʵǿҲܷ񣬸涼姼ҵ콾Ϊѣؾ姼ӵҲ֤ʵЩϢģ姼¶֪λֹ姼Һ󣬾͸姼ҶһλĽûʲôˡ
Ȼ姼ҵļ֪еļǲϵ棬Ϣ֪øӾ塣Ϊһλ̫Ǽ֮µпˣ˵Ǽ̫Ǽһԭһʱε֮ӣȻǸҪӴˡ
ͬʱ姼Ҳ˿е֪ںϡ缴缴ܽ¡
һ㣬Ƕдֹ۵ġۿôϾɹĽȴ۲ĶҲ˸Ұġ姼ںϹж֣иۣһ糹ںϺ姼ҾͿԳΪǧĶ
姼С
а⣺˵һ֮ӽΪѣںڼ֮򾡹姼ң˻ģ姼ҵǴ
̫ϳϲȨҲƵ뷨
Ƕ뵽ǵ姽ûɸֹӳΪѣһ֮·Ȼںϣ֮ĳͻҲģʱΣġ
ҲǴˣȻԼ˼˰ֻҪ姼һӭͺãΪʲôԭӭأ̬ͺá
£ҲϷ֣姼ļȷʵһЩҲͬЩҵλû姼ҸߣûʵǿȷǷƫƫһдϣųģǡλֺе
姼Щϼ񣬾ͷϺ̫Ǽȥ
뿪֮Ǿһμµˡ

ͽ磬߷֣ͨؾٹرգҲҪƲܴ򿪡ԭؾӦùرյʱȥھȻˣܶؾ߳ķʽҲǱԼֱӴ߳
ţؾԵʧˣؾ½Ƕһ𣬲ѸٳΪͨ½һݣסڲҲӿѸٰؾΧҲŨ
۷׷ףô¡
ӹɣؾѾ׶Ǵ򿪣ؾԴҲ׿š
ӿؾѰԴؾܶطɵر˲ˣȻҲкܶطûҵԴɺܷḻ
ΪٶţҲȺܶɢ˸طЩǷٴϢȥ壬øֹϷЩѾųԴ
ȻǾˡһ½ˡ
漴־㤵طȻһ½һ磡
˵۶ˡ
ǵ磬ڵôˣ
ͬҲԪĸɢ֮ǸҲֻ姼ҵ֪ô¡
ʴӵʱ姼Ұ˲׼
ҲǸԵʱʱؾͻһɽһƬڳǳǳ֮䣬µġƬء
磬ұ仯
ÿһ죬綼ڱİ


141 姼ң
İֻǵĵα䶯, ı仯ǣŨȵıǡ
ܶԭƶĵطһƬ̣ܶߵĵطͻȻĵرܶɽͻȻѿ¶󣻻кܶطµԪʯ, ŨҵԪ
߶ܸоڵ˸ӷḻԴ˶ˡںܶɢ˻ԼȥѰһԵʱ, γ, ۴С, ǿƿصķΧڣʼԴᡣ
׼姼ңڷḻԴʼӵͬʱѸٷֳС, ÿСӶи߽ǿߴ, 姼Ҹʼ䣬ضȡԴ, ÿȡһط, ˹֡ܡԴ, Ӧһ
ÿﻹ̽, ǱĶһ
лҪرһ, ûκһ׺ϵǿ߳ᡣ
˵, ³ֵԴЩԴƷʼ, ĶӦǴﵽʵǿ߲Ŷ, ʵ, ҽжµ߶֡
ԭܼ, ϵĶǿߴѾͣڶ۷ܾ, ܴﵽزԭٮٮߣ֮ʼղܸһʵơ
Ũȶ粻ݵڣѾССؽһͻˡ
ǣԴĽҪͷЩǿ߶òȥչء
ûдﵽ۷ͨǿߣҲһ˲õеͻС磬еΪ֪ؼĹ仯ǿͻƷΧ
ⶼѵһĻᣬԼЩʲôȻԴܶ࣬ⷽͶиСˡ
ȻȻģС֮У̫Ǽͷ
ϲ֣ǶΨһǿģһ֣ΨһΨҲǰ̫Ǽġ
̫Ǽ첻ͬ飬Դÿÿ֣ܵһΧԼȥѴʱͻһ˳ߣ֡³֮ʱֱӷָԴʱڲԴأԼ姼ҽάɣ򿪲Ѷȷֵжɵĳɲȡ
ڶﻹף姼ʱ˺ͣ涼ռˣԴ姼СԭǶ姼ңҲɱֶλѺ姼ȫѹһһӦشǸĴҲ޷ͻȻֵ姼࿹
Ȼ姼Ҳܵܶѹ˭Ҳ֪姼ô׼ӲذЩѹȫסˣ漴Ƿ˺ܴѹ
姼ҵѹͶԴص̰Увֿʼ๵ͨ˽һЩҪ姼ҽΧ
ǾǼ姼ҶֵʱںܶǳصΧ޳
СǳضӦС޳ǳضӦ޳
ǸԿеĻѾռݵԴҲ˴ޣһЩԭԲǿֲͻȻҲ죬ޱײ
ЩĳʵҲ⣬ؼӲֻ츣ߣҲ츣޺ֲ
ǱǿԺҲҪԼҲҪĵ̣ȻҲͰڵĵطߵѪ⣬ͬǾ޴ĺô
֮£ڶʼعԼĵ̷Χõֿ޳ĵֿ޳ôԴ쳣Ĵ쳣
Ҳò̾姼ð
姼Եġ
ǲ֪ọ̃ÿĸԴȶʱͻ姼ӵǰȥãĴĳǳزˣҲƵĲá
ԣںܶǳر޳ʱ姼µЩȴûдΪѵ˲䣬̿ʼã޳⧲͵Ϯֵ⣬ʣµٲȻҲͻأ󷨵ıóǳѸپѣҼַ֯ȴ姼ҵ֧ԮԴķͬõƣʹޱʹֲ죬ɲ̫ܲӰ졭һн󣬱ɱޡıֲΪ姼ӵܵ
姼ҵĸִһ
ڱ˳ᢵ̫Ǽá
ߵĺЦЦ˵һΣһ˭նɱ޸ࣿ
ԭ̫ǼЯһǳ⡣
˳Ǵ姼ҵƹ£ܵǰδһ޳вãȻдǰ̣Ҳгǳġ
ôصĵطѸٱ姼ҵĴ־½еǳɢڸλϮǡ
̫ǼΪĴڣ姼мȨ콾Ȼܺӡ
ԸѣҲ޳ǸԴĴûᣬȻҲˡ
ǣ̫ǼһʱҲˬӦ
Ǿͱһȡ
̫Ǽüʤߡ
Ͻӻʤͣ͡
̫ǼŶ
˵ȥǧһС
̫ǼЦá
һ˲磬ӲͬɱȺС
ǵ罫ҪںΪǧʱпǧǰȨʱλ֮ȷʵбҪԹȥһơ
رǣպһ5磬ҲǸƵϵ
һƣ͸ˡ

ڻŶһװĺе΢
ܵѵĸ磬Ŀǰļ̳ˣ
ǰĻϣһ򿪵ӣĶ棬кܶһһҩĶ
ǡ
Ӧûкܶ鴮ɣ㻻һЩָָǸӣоŪƷһǿҩԻİˣڶаҩҲ֪ĲͬߵвСġ㶮ģҩͿ״̬ҩ߳ڷãһ̶ᴿܣȻĳ̶Ȳ󣬲ȻҲǮˡ
Ͽһӵҩ˵һӣÿһֶֻʮܡ
ô
˵䣬Աùһеķ鴮򿪱óһִ򿪣¶ģֻһŷִ
ӵܵܵĿУ֪ŪЩ鴮ѣǵܵܵһƬǺϧģͽȥԣŵıһŵĹأóģҲһŵĶѡ
Щ鴮˶٣һŵģ
ϵͷö׵ãʮ˿ֻСԼϲ˼Ȧ鴮õġ˵һŵҲãںķϣԣǡ
˼ЦŽӹϵݸ鴮
һŷģһһŷġ
ԣŵģһŵǸԣ֮ģҲֻһŷġ
Ҳûģҩһ˾һܣҲЧ
ٴεͷ֡
˶¹ϵģѸٴͳһ󣬾ͷֿˡ
Ǵ˸绰Լ˹
̬ȹ
˵ϸ½ߵһгոߵѡǰʮ
óʵ磬µı
󣬾ͷԱߵϣڷųüʮһŷľִ
еƣ
ָָЩ鴮˵ļƷʮһһ͹ȥ
õģܡ


142 ⳵
ѷ鴮װһ׼ߵʱ, Ͻס
æʣܻʲôԸ
ϴӱóһŷģݸĽ𡣡
ллܣһúñġ
϶˶٣Я
һ㶣ϴӦõ, ܡ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲô, ϰĻ, һҪġ
ߵĲУǴϰΰɡ

ѰŵĲԱ춼е, ΪλľͻȻŷˣȻԸ֮ġƷ
һһС顣
ÿͦÿģ֣ضЯ, Ǹʲô˼
ѵ˵ҵĻ
ûôĿŵظЧߵԱ飬ǲе̫ˡ
ô˵ܵġذ϶Ҫܵ, Ժڶʱ, ñֳһӵ̬
ž, Ƿ黹ͦµģһָָ, ˵ǴһĹƷÿˡ

³ΰǸԭʦΪѰϷǺӵģѰմþͼ, ҲһԱˡȻĻɬ, ںüǿݲС, ˼ĳġֻϧİѿһ㣬ʱܶĿûϵҲḺС鹤˵㣬ʺͽ𶼺ܸߡ
ȻҪǣѰ²ĸţ˾СЬǲڵģĶǵҲǳ٣ԸڵЧҲܸߡΪͷλΪĳЩϺȣרŵͶߣһͶܸͶˣͶͶߵöԣܱͶְλҪҲҪˡ
ѰĴʵںܺãˮڳھ˸߰˰ˣĶ¶ģԹ˾ķΧҲܺãҶŬƴЧǺĹˡ
ҲΪ³ΰʵûʲôǵ淢˺ԵĽƷʱʵʵشϡ
³ΰǵã˷ʱ±ƵģܿͱһȺȥŷ֣Ⱥϸ½ߵǰʮԱԼʮŵġʱٿϴŵķ飬Ī͸оͦԺˣǾϿǵĹǾ˸
ҺܿҲ֣ǵĶһţţоܵĳõļҲţ˵ܴŵʮ˿šȺ˶ۣǲǵøŬ㹤ʮ˿ǲˣСıλ֮ӣŵִǿȡһµ
ţеζˡ
³ΰһߺ˼룬һվ·ڵȳ
ӦѾϾŵ˰ɣϧֻûˣֻܵȣȻֻεξˡҲӰеҺüӰѷ񡭡˵ܸ˽ѰѰòǴģö˽Ӱ඼ҪԱԾӰѵģѰͲǣӰþжõļӰѣϸ涨ǹҲǣ
ԶԶأƹ³ΰһˣæǳ֡
˾˾
ǳȻͣǰ
ҡ¶һͦݵСӣͷʾϳ
³ΰܸˣæȥš
𾪵·ˡ
ϣȻһɫĹâһֱɸϣһֱ
ꡪ
ʲôڻ³ΰֵغĳϱⸯʴһ󶴣ͦµģһ˲ϻʮƵģø󳵻Ƶģͺǵһ⳵Ͽ
⡢ʲô
³ΰѵ˿ڿˮܵģˡרԪԭʦܶʱǺص־ŵؿ򳵴ǡǸСӵ׵ģ˫ͷϻиӣǸǸˡ
һ
³ΰˣʲô룬ֻץסϵķ顣
С³ΰһֱϳʹӳ̽ͷҪߴͻȻ䣬Լĳ⣬˳һ
Ŷ챻ûˣǸʲô
ҵĳСĲҽУŭ첲³ΰץȥǸ첲ѧ쳤һֱ쵽³ΰĲӱϣҲһ˲ǸĽͻȻȵĿ̵عצ
Сʹջظ첲ƭӣ˷Ҳ˵ҵĳ˵ú
ֵز¡šӾ͸Ƶģˡ
³ΰ
źϺϺüΣ૵˵Ҳ֪Ҵ˷ô˵
ԣΪʲôҪһ뺦ҵĳ˾˵
³ΰľղԼסķ飬ĸоƺȸմϵʱҪһ㡣ոձġǴģΪ
ҪǣǷ
ԣ⵱ƷǵĲʲôҵĻ˼Ҳţ
һ̣³ΰԵؾãҪڹŴҪǻʵۣ϶ԸЧʿˡ
˾

һ죬մҳԡϴ˸衣
ȻϵͳæϴͦģҲͦϰߵģԴϵͳ״̬ϵͳռԺ󣬲֪ôģе˵ˡ
Ǹ
˵ϵͳϴ衱ԺɫӰ߲ԶĵطӦõģβΣ
е㲻ڵġ
ǣ͸ɴԼϴˣֱӰԼһϴˮϴĸоǻǺܲһġ
һʪͷͳ׸ˡ
׼ϴϢʱֻˡ
ӡ硭
̴ģ֮ǰùκһֻɲǣϢʱֻĻϴݳ˲ԾͷƤ顣
磺
磿
һ˿ûɢȫʧˡ
Ȼͨ˵绰
Ҳô֮⣬绰ȷʵǸûǹΪŻҲ뺦Ҵˣ
ȡ
Ҳȥа˰ɣȺŮĹӶȥŻʱҲˣһֱûʣŮǻͦεģǹˣ
ھ״̬Ǹ߹ġ
֪ҹ˯ɹģϺ˵⡣Ҳͦͷģ֪ĶŮǾûĵģÿ춼㱡ѹ֣ûȥۡ¿ҲûκһŮȥʦȥа
ΪԽԽɡԽԵʣʧܶ࣬ʱ̣Ѱһ֮£ʵӾҧ˺ü⣬Ϸֵòֺͬʱ˽ŮǼǵҰôˣҲþֶھﰲ֣һЩֹ˾ǱԼˣ˽¶òֺʱҰûǣǻʱʱϡ֮ϵڲѾҺˣЩǰĿΪŸиĲͬ账Ҳ衣
Ůֻͨݹʱеʧ棺ʦҲҪճɹ𣿡
ȻֱʾǸ⣬ΪȻ֪סǾⲿŵˣǵȷĴʦûб¶ԼŻվʲô£ûֱţǲȡ绰ͨķʽ
ţʦֶΣǵ㲻۵ǿԺܿġ¶¶ģͿʦԼ
ʵҲȻ
ЦЦУ˵طҳһˡ


143 ܵŮ
ǴӴߵġ
ڵʵ, ¥ȫûѹҲŵ߱ﱣŵǡ
ȻΪ˱ⱻĿΪҪɱ, ķš
, ڲݵʱ, ԾͶһˡ
Ϣֵķʽ㿪кϵͳ, 漴һϤɤ, Ǵ¶ȵ, Ժѵġ
㡣
練Ӧ, ʵôԱߵģܸסһԪ
Ҳ, Ů绰ʱûпɢϢҲȷʵܵ, ûüɢͱסˡԪʵ, Ҳ, ùǣԪ
Ԫ, Ӧǵϵĳʲô鷳
粻Ծߵ˧¶Цݣ㻹û˯
Ԫҡҡͷ
Ҳû׷Ԫ˯˱ѻû˯, ֻ, ͦ˼ġ
ǰȵĵ绰潻ġ¸ⲿŵ, ԼóȥҰѾ, ùȥ
Ԫšһ
˵Լȥԭûٶ˵˲Լͬؼӿ첽, գۼͳƬ

ԼõĵصǸһ԰, ̻úܺ, ľҲïʢҲ໹иرŪС֣ŮŮĹȥԼᡣ
Ԫ߽Ƭӵʱ򣬾ͷӵһɴƵĹûʲôԣʵڷǳҲйʿĹֹע
ӽ˿ͻᷢ䵭ʺܸߣʵѾ۷Լ»Լǵģע⵽ֵ쳣Ԫ߽ȥʱǱһжᱻ˴š
ͿһùվŸȹӵĹ
ﳤúÿ崿ںڵĳںڵۣҹɫǶһĨ¹Ƶģһּȡ˵С
ǰȣڵ״̬ͦġ
Ԫ¶֮󣬰Ǹ˵ģʧˣתһֲʧЦݡ
ʦԪʦҲ
仰һֻ˹֣԰׵һֻСֻزһƵ
΢飬ӹֻ
ǸƵУҹȴƻͨ
һڴϲϵشŴĶͷжĺˮ䣬ϵ˯Ҳˮʪıʹ࣬͸¶ľ֣ܽ꣬˯ѵƺ֮С
ͻȻ䣬͵صһͷ㣬ȻǺȣӲعţ·ʲôܵĴڣַ·ֻɹ
лڷرָȫ޷ơ
˼Ӻգ۾ȷԼΧû״Ƶģֳ浹ȥ
ɣλǿ챻ų񲡵ľˡ
λŮķǹܵģҵҵغԼҽһΪ˹ܹȷɶȣ¼Ƶ
ңֻһƵ
ڿٹصƵ󣬷ֻʾǸļУļе滹һƵ˲ͬڡ
룬üһġֻƵͲܶ϶ڹȥһʱÿǶôġˮȡ
еͰȵİ̬ȣһЦ
ɶȺܸߣСЧʺܸ߰˵䣬Ӷ̻ݣŮȻһƵóһ꣬˵βһǽˡ
ȻŵʱǸʵˣ󼸺̥ǵı仯ʵҲǸʵϸӦõģ뵽⻹не㲻˼ˡ
ûܵĻᣬֱ˵°ɣÿԺδûٺĻᣬСʵȻԽǿԽá
룬ǽл
ʦһƬģǽ˰ɣԺλʦʲôҪȥҲһɫСǣƾظɵ

ȾһƵ뿪ˡ
ԭСϵĹҲɢˣ˵֣ŮȥѸٱƽƽ棬﷢չСǣȴûʲô
ԪΣʼߡ
·Ϻ˳û뵽ǣŸմӹ԰ﴩгȥһ˽ҳʻͬʱ˾Ķ
Ųһ٣Գȥ
ֻһõĹӲԶ˾ǸС⳵ŶˣϻԱϢ
˾ϣһĨ˵Ǻǳˣûк˵ȷʵ˲̫õ
ͣڹ԰ſڣ˾С³ӾͱɸƵĿǲˡܿ죬Ӳͬ򻹿ٹеǳ⳵еĦгƿигģγƬӡ
˾Ƿ׷³һġӸģйһ̬Ǻ𾴶ԷģмɴֱӽϴХ˷
ԪûߣԱһԹôˡ
ԭ⿪йǰȷʵǸͦǮģϲ쭳ҲΪ̫ˣһСľͳ˳ֱӺ
ҲãգûʲôµĶǡص㸽ҵ˺ʺϹֲʵǵúܿ졣
ܹˣӵʵϲָֻţѸ뵽һ⣬ƾʵշͬΪĹ꣬ΪĴʵڲûãһĹСܡ
ţСܣ˸ҵ
ҪֻǵϳƵҵҲʲô⡣ѣ˭Ǹأ׬ǮʱȻҪܵ׬
ǣǹӸڣÿֻ϶΢ԹԹ˵Щ˺޹ȴûɱ޹
Щ˾ڸǸҴһ˿ʲôݸϹˡ
ҪͨĵʿеģδܿʲôϳЩǻ˵ûЩҪôҪһʱ䣬ҪôѻױĹ룬ңһ
ü
ӹǵĳУ֪ÿװǸƵȥͣһ˳ϣǾͻ᲻źۼöԷԳκβԾĵطȻʵʵѿ͵ǸԱĿĵأǸֽ𡭡һиĳ⳵ûʲôͬ
ջ˵ǮģǳĿǣԶǩһԼԼǹ˾ĳĳ͵ĳغ󣬻ȡĳĳ˶ֽͶΪꡭȻһʼͱ֪ԼǱǿǿˡ
ȵؼҺ󣬿ƣ죬żῴӰʲôģҲѹ뵽Ϊϴ򳵵˾ȡˣΪǹ̫ۡϻȥʱеµء
ڵùģǱϾ֮٣Ҳʲôע⡣
˾ôɣȷʵûҪ˻˵ҲλεںˣȻҪ

ǸԹĹ˾ڽƭ˵£΢һ룬֪Ӧ繫˾˹·鴮ּӰԱˡ
΢飬üȥ
΢ֱӸ򵽻ɢģ͸öרҵʿ
ĬĬأûһӣǰôһס


144 ⲿŴ
ⲿŵܲȽ, ǸֲͶİ´ںܶطоݵġ
۶ǳҲ, ڲͬ, һֲ
һ죬Ÿո峿, ĳֲֵҹļԱͻȻǴ˷Ĳҽиˡ
ô£Ĳҽ
Ǵ⴫ģȥ
Ծ, ǸϽİɡ
Աûɣ⡣
ɲǼ䣬ǵһ
˩żʮֻ, ĸ£˷غС
Ȼ峿һ㶼ʱŸչ, ɾôڹǵϣҲһͰƵ, ϵĹɿɢڲͣºһ̴, ŨҵġǳŤ۵쳣ʵɭȻɲ
˺ô, Щ굱Ȼ᲻, һֻһֻĲӶһεסˣӲذǸһ𡪡ƴ㿪⣬ҲѲ
ֻôˡ
Щ, ƺ, ӦҲʲô޹ĺùɲô˵, ôǷ⣬ɹôһǵĹɢˣʶûˣͺѸʻˡ
Աæȥ׼취Ǵȶ㿪Ⲧ˵
Ҳ죬ȥ鿴ǹסʱһƵ֮ǵǳǣǣйȻͶôǣס˳ǣС
Ա
ôһʲôͨʦġ
ǿʼЩ굽ʲô𾪵ıҲûǵʧ
ʲôЩһǰǸĹǣͷĹ⣬ǵĿľȻǲźۼشӻ˵ƭȡ
ʲôЩھڽҵƻʱͻȻͱסģסǵʲôӶû壿
ʲôЩһ֪ƺǿῪһ룬Աûɵʱص˲ǴסӦѾˣȻȫƵıһקţֱ˷ֲ⣬˩ϡ
ǿԼҲ£֪ԼⲿŵûжʵǾ͸˵һֻ֪ôֱ࣬󣬲ųԱҲûʳ¶
ܽƲһ£ظ·Ⱥڳ⿪ĵطǲɺ¶Ͱȫץ͵ӡǰ棬áӡʲ⡣
Աǣ
аɣλظǸطĺˡ
ܿ죬иԱܲ˵绰
ʮӺ󣬾רŸ그СԱ˹ѹǸ˹ȥ
صܲԺȻһʣͬʱҲרʿЩϵ
·ˣиʦɽĵʿסǵʱ췢ǹ鿴ɲǾʧˡ
еĹ궼ָɣϧѾڲ˺ܶָɣҲӲط
ʦɽˣ
λظ˻ܵ
ܲĲʸϸҲ˷ֲóĽ⣬Ƕ֪λ˷ǹѹ˩ϵģĿĴžȺƭȡٵĹǳԵͷ
ֲĳԱȻʵƽֵҪĿҲΪʱ˿˸õ֣ʵƽûʵֲΧдľô棬ʲôֶΣֲܲԱ
ƫƫû
Ǹʲôֶòŵ޷ȻЩڡӡһҹʱʾڡѾкܶĹ»ҰǵĲ״ٵɢɢĴ
ⲻ۵ýʱǲֶβٷãֲĳԱѸٷЩǴȥ
˵Ǹطֺݡ
ݡùɹ̫ܽѵû̫ĴɢôҲû㹻Լܳƭˡ
طЩûĸȻûɱˣȻͲҪ˾ûǸɢͨƵģѷ͡ӡ
ʦɽ˵ˣĸ˼ȻҲݾͲˣ͹ⲿҲǵı֡ȻǾͰĿǰѾĹڹĹɡ
ŵԱҲ׷ױʾͬ⡣
ʵҲô£𽥸ⲿųҲ׳Ҳڲ˲šŸࡢϹ¹ǰ˯ǺͻȻɾǳ֣Ȼܶìܡ
ЩֺϹǻ˺ܶģһײܰᵽãɷҪȫڹһףҲǲġҪ˼ҵϰԺͱܰɣΪ˫ܹõĵͣƽȥҪӰķչȻҪһĹزУزֻһҪʹ˫ܽܡһγµķɣҪҪϸأйߵģͬҲҪµķɽԼ
ڹģǽֵİԽ࣬Խ࣬ҲһЩ
ƩڵЩ⣬ûĺˣˡк˵ơһϸķġǾͲܽ෸һˣеڽһС̳ɣһЩڽصľ̳ܷܷ⣬ҪͶ졣
ȵȡ
ʦɽߺиְĳԱпҪ³ֵ߶λظһطͺˡ
ЩԱͷͬҲһЩԱò̫ܡ
Щ治ôôģͱЩ˳ʱԹˣԷѾܿˣԭ϶ԷûɱӦÿģȻЩһɵĵʿΪľҪ̳ȻߴɢЩ¾ѵţЩõƸ򲻹һ˵ҪԹɢҪǹ涨̫ˣЩڵСӳԱǳµĸʾʹˡ
رһЩأҪǰԱѵμϸأɶڲʿ˵ķòľ˳˵Ӱ˼ĺѰˡ
ҲĿǰһֱûγطɣֻܻܽɣȸһЩԭ֮һ
ˣڻȴǰһɡ
ԱǶԹĴһ˵ʱѾͳ˺ܶСС̳ͬӡǷֱ÷鿴Щϵ׸˶жǷµءڹܿƵĳ̶ȡƶ棬ҲӦֶοжϡ
Ӻ
й궼̳

ѹǴ͵ֲԺ󣬾͸Ԫرˡ
ǲ֪ⲿŵĳԱԡظˡ뷨Ƕ˵·ƽץ͡ӡˡ

һͷϵĹ˾
³ΰһҹ긦յ˾Ժ󣬾˽ǸȺ﷢һ󴮵𾪣˰ˢ
Ⱥ˸㲻ڸ׷׷ʣ
[³ΰڷʲôأ簡ġ]
[۾㳳֪]
[ǰһҹͷˣѵΪ̫ࣿҪһ㣬֤ҩ]
[ײа˰ɡ]
[Ƿʲô¶ѵ˵ַˣ㻹ͷһݵģ]
[Ҫн֨һ¶ҲУзݱС]
³ΰһͨй֮ǰȺڶˢһҲһ֡
[Ҿײа˰]


145 һ
лظȻһͣ
ĻϹسһƬĿհ, ųӺ󣬲иԷɿˢɲǼڶԻơ
[ʲôаЦİɡ]
[˵, ³㻹ְ]
[㰡ĻͦײаģôҲ}ˡ]
[ļٵģײɶа˰, ǲǿˣ]
[֣]
[+1]
[+2]
[+]
[]
[³ӲǿЦ, һˢ, ³˵]
[Զ, ³, ˵ģô¶]
ȺԱһʼȻǲŵ, ˵˵Ŷ}û, û³ΰ˵, ڻֹˢ³ΰػ
³ΰҲ֪ͷĲŵ˶, ҲеһȫˣʱҲ֪ôĻججȥڴһûô˯ţΪ¶̫ˡϸʱ亹󱳣һĺ¡
ҲˣϼȻйģ͵ǶͲֻȥ, Ǿͬ˵һ, ǱͰѶ, Яȫ
һͷ񰡰¶
ڼȺ, ³ΰԥֱӰԼϸϸȫ˵˳ϸڻһҹˣÿһ㶼˵ر
˵Ժ֣صشһλ
[ܣһλܡķȫԶġλͬ²ҪѷժҲҪע⣬鰵ӦþģƲȸڴҹ]
³ΰֵʱû˴ȫ˵ˣȺԱǴŶ𾪵˰Ժ󣬲
[ţƣϰţƣ]
[ѡжܣҵȹĻϣҾ棡]
[һЯ飬׼длˡ]
[ϰ壡ģ]
[ϰ壡]
[ϰ壡󷽣]
[ϰ壡ϰ塭ϰ]
ĸлʣķУ۾ۡ
³ΰãͲʲôУǶǾʵĿޣ
˵ͬ»ֻΪ¶˵Ļ³ΰֱǸм㡣һ뵽˫צӣͻȫԼҪǹᷢʲô¡ḻһ϶뵽ʲô·ڰ֮ģǿԶ޼ޣԼԼˡ
³ΰٴһλ
[Ժ󣬴Ҽǵֻ硣ˣҲҪ򹻣ҪȥƫƧط򳵣]
[ֻҪֻãڳļʾС]
ȻȺһ
ȺļʮѰԱԱ³ΰȻҲϤģ֪ⷽƭˡԱģȷʵεؼס˷ôȻ󡭡˳ϵķ顣
ܣ
Ŭֶһ硰ɵȺ㵽ŷĴ

ٵʱ䲻̫˿ʱ
ϴǶһˣѵһ˵ܵܣھѻҵʱӰӵ⣬ʱǺܹϧԼģֻҪʱ䣬ͻܵܡԪһԷ
ؽӽص참Ҳ࣬ⲿŲ֣ҲɺȱˡۼǱ߽ͷöԶ׼ûʲôΣˣǼرҲ뿪׼ȥӰˡ
ϸ˷ı꣬ȻǰһˣҲûʲô˵ġ
ߺ󣬾߿ʼ硢Ԫһ׼
¶Ҳ棬ˣûˣȻҲûһꡣһ߸ԪһѴС࣬һ߲ͷԪЦˡ
Ԫҡҡͷ˼
Ԫ˼һ㶣Ȼ˵ǰҲûꣿ
Ԫͬ˼ţһҲûС
̲סԪԪһͷȴûһλ˼ҶԪǲ䵭˵㣿ȻҲҲбԭ
ûϾᣬֳֻЦЦû£Ժǹһ
Ԫ۾˵á
˵ʱѾˡ
к磺СǰѼֽͶϡ
Ԫ˵ȥ׼
ԼûʲôյģҲ֪ҲУõʱþƵ͹Ԫ˵Ҫе㲻˼ˡԪķҲûٳԣ˵ʵζȴĻõ㣬ǵǿˣƽʱˣдĻæųԵĵ
ܵģûܡ
Ȼ˵ҲãȥæҸѸôɨĴɨҿûˣˣ
Ԫͷʮȫʮ
գգۣ˳Բɡ
Ԫ˵ǾͶԵ㡣
̿С
Ȼû˵һŲߣһߵԱߡ
硭һֱߣе΢
磺磿
ϣûʲô
ֲףôһ˲ʹһôԣһ˴ӦҲô˳ڡ׵ǣѾôԺ˳ˣôдšõѡ
һѣе͡
ϻعóһƿ
ѾԽԽûζʱȻҪ꣬Ǿ;øģ㡣
ֵֽһʰһʰģûãߵıŪرСͮͮķ顣ﲻرɾûбŪøɾǶֵ˵ѾǾŬˡ
ͬʱķҲ
ͻȻʲôѾϣ磬㻹û˵أ
ϱһ
ʵϣ˵ģ£Ҫ֣һЩֳܱ̬档һֱϷæŸһѻҶæó鲻ûʱףֱڣǰԼżһ绰õѹϵ
̾磬ⲻа
ĪеһѾĸо
˵ʵڻܶɰɣûȷʵԵеˣ״̬ĵܵܶҲΪ׵ܵܰɡ
ϳϿ˵һҸõĻᡣ
Լ׸һղײգڸ绰ɣҪпգһꣿ
ϳɵؿԪ
ЦҸԪԸ˱ʵģİɡ
ϵıۿɼһЩ
ȥ绰
糯ӻ֣͡

Ϊ֮ǰϷ󾫵»˸ʱ䣬ԼʹҲ˴ϷĵԺͣ¡Ҳô飬Щüϻģǿȥģûģ˺üϺõϯ棬ôһꡣ
ڵ۶зӣȴΪ׽˶ڹ⣬ûʲôȥ˼ȥԺҲֻǶһˡ
缸ˣŵģԼѾ뿪ˣֲûˣùùµʹȥˡ
ʱݹһ̲ůů֣žʰоֺЦЦֵģҲ΢΢ЦֻЦеȡ
Ȼֻˡ
רΪһõġ
ʶģ¶е˵Цݣֻͨ
ϸ磿
ֱΪǾϿˣ绰˵һףġʵѾܸˡֻ洫Щš
ϸ磬ȥҡꣿ
ûвԸ⣬пյġ
ѾͣˣϸϹͿԡ
áӣгܿ͹
ȵ˵绰ֻе㲻˼飬е㡭λã
ܿվҴҽ
ȥطɣҸ˫Ľ𡣡
ôֻٶȸϵߡ


146 
ʰӡԪѻ˹źáϵСſڵŵʱ, ֵðѳ档
ں˵ǽŻڴ
ۼٽˣɵÿ򳵴, һӾͿһߴӰ
ӰɻҲϳ
Ǿϣ
ֿûˣæҡ, Ǳ߻˻֡
ͣ£
Ҫͣµ֤ݵ, ֵĻͣ
Ȼ֣Զ߹һˣʶ, ѰľܡۼѾ˵ϻûҿˡ
ϵȻҲֵкЦЦ, ߵǰ
һΣ
еȻȻһЦϸ, ϳɡ
, ֵԱߡ
ѳǰڳǰ˸к, ˳С
˱ǰ, ³
еɡ
˵һˡֽϢ, һ˰ͻؾȥͷ, ֡
æһ֡˵֪, лܡ
ϳڰ֣ߡ
ִк, ͺܿ뿪ˡ
ϳЦЦǽȥ, СԪء
ְ, ͷ, Цð

극ǰĸ˸պһһ棬ϵĲ˸պʮ䣬ÿһķ̫࣬ζ
Ϊһ֮ȾٱԪһˣ֡
ԪؾӦõġ
糯־ƣЦͦ˵ӣǻþеįˣ齫Ҳû֡磬ְ
е㲻˼ǺܸԼ׽ҲϽҲŸأΪҪһھҲˡ
úЦܸ˵ƾϡ
ϻ⣬Ҳ
ȻģҲ
翴統ԣȴ׷ڸʱڲסĺߺ͸ˡûۿ
ˣĸ飬һܵܵżñ߹ľˣϹϾҪ˷ˡ
첲ơ
ͷԱ߿Ԫһڳʾ⡣
ˣϽԼϣһ
Ԫޱ˵֡
粻ЦǺҲû΢Ƕ򵨱̧˰Ԫ˵ôЦһ
Ԫľ
һԵľϺҲһĻɶһۡ
еԥģǲ̫ˣҪҪȥһԪǣԪҲûǲ˵Ȥ̫
룬Ȼʾϣ
ϻع񣬿Լ֣ܽЦЦ˵һ
֣
һ˵һѡ
ûעߣԪһѺ󣬼ԪǲЦƲƲ죺Ц
Ԫƣǡ
е㡰족ġ
磺ٿرѣϽջ֣ԲԲ𡣡
Ԫ磬ٴιǣһЦˣȻܵв˫ûʲôŵҲм΢΢͡
翴ô˴
ǡͦÿġ
ԪһӲˡ
һһӡ
Ԫָѹϡ
Ԫһ
ǱߣϺҲûע֮Ļ硢Ԫơ
أҶǿģֻǻиʲôģҲܰʱˣҲ˲٣΢һޣʲôġ
кܶƷСʳСʳǾģƷʱģԪȥϴкõġ
֮󣬵̻ţһƬ財
ѾɳϣĻҲ֡
˿á
Ԫ磬һҲ΢΢غ󿿡
ϺԽԽСڻཻżߵݹһЩǾζõСʳ
ǰһжá

ҲΪһ˸꣬Ϻ֮Ĺϵǰ׽ҲһЩڶԪʼܲʱ򣬾Ͼ԰͵ȥˡ
翴һĻﰵи㡣
üӿٶȣҵʺѪĵرЩƺǲôһ㣬̫⡣

ʹǹڼ䣬Ҳûÿ
ʵҲúܿ죬ôҲǰͰٿ죬Ҳڸ¾ʹӶͻƵסҪôףǰЩҲ׾͸˲ǣ
Ϊ˵ˣܾûϰ࣬Ҳ̶ʱ򣬸˵ҪڷչءԪҲɸͬĲ֮չͱչأʱҲ档
ż֣ᷢ翴ıе죬ٿȥʱǵоûˣҲûϡ
ȻҲе㷸ֹɾֹ׼ʱ򡭡
Ǳߣϵͳѡ
[δӵ1С緢룬Ƿܣ]

ʱڸϡԪһСƷϵͳͻأĴţṩĻ䣬æٻԼĻ˲Լ
ûʲôԣֻżͷʱ򣬷Ԫ֮û˵Ļˣרעؿӡ
Ҳ֣СƷڸƵ

ڸϣߵɫӰ˵ĸ1С磿
ɫӰѸٸش
1ĩС硶ȾСһ

ǰĳйײͬϵͳ͵ĸ֮һδֻСΪkΪʹԼĽԸһЩǸķӦûиk㹻ĽĵkıԴԭ鲢԰kǸĸԴk᲻ûѴıԴһҪæ
ϵͳѾҵkͿϵϵͳ
Сڲûиϵͳ֮ͨǰĴֻΣԺ󣬵kҲҪ㹻ĳ͡͵ȻǱԴֻҪǱԴԵk˵Ͷǻġ
ϵͳһѾʼӪǲӶģȻǷ鷳Ҳ˵ȴһҪӦС

ͷҲ൱ǿɣϵͳһظнˡ
ɫӰ˵ϵͳѾظ
ЦЦСš
ڸ絽׷ʲô¡
ʱϵͳѾȫˡ
¶Լãڵȫܸ㶨ġ

ľܼ򵥣һֹ󣬵صʻãγһ͵Ĳ緢ȫ70%̱ȾһɥʬĶ֮ƶ˵ɥʬΪⲿȻѾɥʬˣȴɱ˼ά˼ά˼άȴ˸˼άڻ˲൱ĵ⣬ڰ˸ȾǱɺԼһʬ⡣
֪൱һΪȾ˼άû̫໳ɣȴΪЩȾʵѾ˾޴ı仯ûʱҲʬ⡣
̶̼ºʣĻ˾ֻʣ1%
⼫ཨ˼̵ıסȥͬʱо󲿷ֶӵܣ߸ȾߵĴȾɸȾͬԽʹܸȾֱӰɱ
ôȥ1%Ļ˸ֵס99%ĸȾߴ
ʧȫ綼ǸȾߵ¡


147 
ֻ, ˵νġ
ʱ̫ˣ絮ʼبŲ䣬ʹܶ׶ζƳһ֮, Щ֮ӵĳִΪ˴ߡӦ˶رƳĳЩĿġ, ֻĳʱλᱻעĿ, ʱ䷢չ, 浱Լ׶Ů
ο, һδ飿
kƫ飬ƫڷǻ˵ģڲ, һԵkкô, kͻһࡣ
һǡ, ڻʱһСͻƶɵȻӦҲǽʱĿ顣ǷӦµͲ֮ˣԼǵk, ֿѶ, ⲡһӾͰѶ˵Ѷȡ
ǡ
౻Ⱦ̫, Ⱦ߿˵ǽǷγɵµ, ˵µģ϶ǸȾߣҲǸĻƷֶ, ǲڻҪġ
ȻЩȾΪ˼άһĶ, ǵ屣Ҳһ, κϲ˵Ѫ, ûлѪ⣬Ƕֲȵȣȫԡ
ɾɣ幻ǿ󡢹ӡԲ׳ĦٽҲԣȻЩȾûз˵飬˵ǽ֮ģֻ֪ȡûз
Ҳô죬˼άԽԽ򵥣ÿҲڼ򵥻
û𡪡ɣ
ɵĿҲû𡪡άģ
άûиΪһɡɣøǿ
ǿû𡪡ʼɣŻ˺ȥûڲֻǿһֺСһóıܡ
µǣԼụɡ
֪ǳԹ࣬Թ˶ֲ󣬾ͻῪʼеƤԳǱ˴κܿĶԵԵģԵôĸȾڣ綼𽥱ǳԿա
۲һжȾǷƷ
ˣ
޷ṩĴԿҲԴģһ鲻Խ⡢սһ㲻ԴʲôԼˡ
Щϵͳġ

֮ΪȾСһСһǵһȾĸȾߣ֮ӣҲûʲôԡҪ˵ĻִҲǸǧֵĶƪ
ƪ¼˴ӲȾԼܶ˸ȾȻԼñ嵫ʲô⣬ҡҡڰڳҪȥȾéסŵ׳ʱ׳Դ
ȫꡣ

Ҫǣ
еĸȾߣÿһȾߣ0.1-2ң
ڱŵ࣬ÿһˣھ˵Ŀ뿪Ҳٽʱ򣬻˻ţһ˻0.1-2ҡ
20ڳͷ׸ȾҲ20ңһ׵ĸȾֻһǧһ۷1000ңǰǸûٶ٣ڲ
˵ǧѾٵһǧ˰ˡ
²һ׵ģ׵ĸȾȫɱ⣬ҲԵõڷҡ
ڷǸʲôҪŽ׵ġƷͨҲᳬ1ڡ

1磬ȫ˿ھȻֻжʮڣ˵㡣
ԭܼ򵥣
СǧȻĿǰĩˣĩǰǸгĳЩ֮ΪܣĹŴ⽨硣
Ŵ⽨лʵ۵ģһʵۺԼһЩҾռ˳ߵĴͷչв˴ﵽһ۷壬ҲΪҪ¢ϣܶԳкôĶЩȨ߾ͻסȨѹȣѹȴˣ˿ȻҲͷչǸִƼ߿Ƽʱ˿ڵǻܶ࣬ΪӶڵǰᣬǿ»ҪǰзǳҵĻƴ
⣬еĿ˲ֻмʮʮڶ˵ֶ˵㣬ô͸ȷһ
⵱ȻΪȫŵġ
ȫŵ˼ǲеĿ˺͸ӵߣǴſǿԾۼһ׬Ǯģȥʱѡ
ȥԺ˵İɸȾߵҪ˸ɱɱûǮ

Ϊ׬ǮſһʹֶٰΡ
Ͼڴ󲿷ֶСǧĿ˵׬ôǮĻƣɲҰҲѵõġѸӵлԺǧǧֺȫ޷׷ľѻˡ
°ͣҲǸ˰ɣϵͳ
ɫӰش𣺡ǵģ
ʵ˵ģϧʱ䲻һô˵е㲻׵ˡпҲŲأҲûɶգû˵ͷ
羡ܵõеʱ䲢Ѿõļ䡢ڶˡҲ߷ùüͬ磬ڵľѾûôײˡǷǰ£ع鱾ġࡱݣȻǻӦɷġ㸲ĲҾ磬ȴζˣǵһʱԼΪְ֮

硣
Ԫعκռæµ
Ѿ˺ܶҩΪⶫ0ԵʣһЩֵĻֻɣЧʲ̫ߡ
ͻȻ䣬ſѡ
Ԫعһκһۡ
κ˵ſѵһǺҪ££Ǿ쿴һɡ
ԪعҲô롣
ûٶ˵һٻԵſ塣
ȻǿϺȻֵһкɫ֡
xx/죨xxոļʱʽġ족ʼеһθʽٰ죬鿴
˷֣ȷʵ飬Ѹٵȥ
ǸȽ»ݣǽһΪȾСһ1ĻԼԵ⣬ԼҪҪĿټֽæ
עģ޷㣺
һҪκλѣſѡҪָһУٴпͨȾ缴ɡ˴ɱĸȾߣȫڿϣЩҪ뿪Ⱦ磬ֻҪſĿ˴켴ɡǿ˻Ǵϵ֣Զν뿪
ڶܵõĺô
帣׼
ȾڸΪһ弶1-2ף3-4ͨһף5һ۷塣
ߴǵͷ­ɱǡ
ɱ1-2Ⱦߡ0.1/ֻ
ɱ3-4Ⱦߡ1/ֻ
ɱ5Ⱦߡ2/ֻ
0-2ߵ󡪡0.1/
3-4ߵ󡪡1/
5ߵ󡪡2/
⻹йݣ¼ǸȾߵļʱ
Ԫعκ˵
ȻһǵһСǧ縲ΣգǸȻжʮڸȾ߿Իȡң
Ҳ˵һϵĸȾδܶԸ׵Ŀֻ࣬ҪϾȴԴд׬һʡ
ò˵ЩСǧ˶ԣȷʵ൱ĸ
Ҫ˼ǣˡһˣҪѡҿŵˣ¶ҲҪһ˵԰񻯡
˵иҲˡ
Ԫعκٷ飬Ϣȥس͸Ժ󣬿ʼѡ
ٰʱ죬ΪܸҸ׬ȡңһ׼ڽȫɡ
ʱԪعſ˽Ϣ
̧һüͷ΢
ϢһӺѵпˡ
[磺֣㿴»]
[ԪعȻˡ֣òˡ]
[磺˵úܣҲҪϽȥ׼ҲæµҾͲˣһ]
[Ԫعл£ټ]
[磺ϡºݷʱֿɱ]
[Ԫع˵Цˣĳʱӭ]
˽ĽԺκΪ壬֪Ԫعڸ˭˽ģֻԪعЦºͣɿڣ£
ԪعЦЦһλпҴ棬»Ϣ֪ңҪǰ뿪ˡ룬λԶĹ硯
κȻҲôˡ
ʱûУֻǽݺѪҩأܵµ࣬ȷʵһˡԭĿˣȷʵԶĹˡ

ҲٿȻȻ뿪˴׹ԪعȴŶĽڡҲ׼ÿ˵ȥȾһóûԪعβˡ


148 Ԫ
һεС, ˶һˢҵĴûᣬԣ۶-硱ݹȥһ, ͬԵõңڡˡսУһĥԼļ
ȻѾ˺ܾõĻˣҲǰϸ˺ܶ౶лսҲ, Ѫĺðɡ
еԼĿϧ
ҪԪһͺ, ڸȾߵ, ԪЯս, һܸѡ
ٴԥС
סҪҪԪһſأ
кüΣ綼Ѿϵͳ˵۰׿͸Ԫˣÿλߵʱ, Ǳ˻ȥ
׻Ԫǰ, ҲԪ֪ʱ򣬰Ԫߺһеϸһ
εǡ
, ڸ׸ſ, Ϊ磬и׵, Ҫܣ͸ſ, ܸܵиûʲô, ˵ٰɣҪʱûЦġԪѡҪǴҵĹϵûǷ, Ҳǹϵõ, ſ, ϵõˣҪʱſҲʲôǸ⣿Ҳǽаְֵġ
ֻԪǲͬġ
ԪôãҪһġ
̾˿
ԱߣɫӰٿȻڣʲô𣿡
һ㶣תͷȥ
ʵϵͳԽԽζˣڡڹɡ
糯ЦЦģͻȻһŹֵͷ
ϵͳ㻹û𣿡
ɫӰ˵ǵģ
졣
ɫӰʣʲô𣿡
еΣѵе㲻˼
ɫӰڵĻش
룬˵ǡʱһֻȥȾʱá̧ͷɫӰһۣһ䣬Ҫʱã
ɫӰƺû뵽һ󣬲ܾ
˵Եģ
ӣԪġ
ɫӰһ١
翴쿴زϵͳſ˵𣿡
ɫӰԵģ
ϵͳӦɲǣٴο˹Եڴ
ɫӰԣе㼸ɲĳٶۣѯΪʲôҪԪ𣿡
һ֪ģһֱԪһſ־п̽˽ɣһֱ²ȥ֡
ɫӰš
˵Ҳ֪ƽʱԪӰģ㽨ʱˣƽȥһһͷҾͲ̫ϰߡӲǰԡǴٽ¾İɣ־ġ
ɫӰ˵˼ˡ
ȻҰʱһԪ֪ԪԪ㣬浱ԪģҲûв㡢㵱˼ǡһͷܿԪ֪Ҳܰҵ֡Ԫ󡯵ĸоֻ˽ҵģҲֻæ
ɫӰͷ֪ģ
¶һЦݡ
Щǲϵͳᡣ
ϵͳİܶæԺǧصģϵͳһֱǱиҲźá
Ȼ˫΢΢
Ϊһ룬ĿУɫӰǱʲôزһģĿϣ١һ
ŴƵףÿһȶô׼ÿû˿ƫıûм۾¶˫ۡ
ѾһԪ
ס
ʱſ˫һƬ޻ʵţ͸¶һֺвı䡣
ַ˵ĸоȷʵϵͳ
ֻ
翴ϵͳȴ㱾ãԪϵͳɫϣȻغʣΥ͸С
Ӹǰ˼
ɫӰҲ˼
عͷϡԪ
Ԫ̧۸ӡ
ıϣ۳һ۾
̲סЦˣæ֣ˣ۾ȥɡ
Ԫ۾Ѹʧ
뿪С
ϵͳǱ۾ˣԺҲ̫סԼ桱ˡ

ЩԵģǶԸıԼˡеҰĵĿˣڵõſϢ֮󣬶ܵ»ԴǶĸ
ڵķҵǹϷ֣ɱԽֵԽ࣬ȥһһദôܲ棿
ͬʱǼҲͬһ⡣
˵⡣
ֻԼȥɱɱ٣ĿǰߵǸ׺ˡ۷壬ȸս׵һӺ񳾸ǿһЩǿʽȥĨɱһ׵ĸȾǣһĨһƬĨٸ޵£һĨٴΣɱɱʮͲˣϼƲǿ׬ʮҶѣЧʵڲôˣοЩ׵ˮ׼أ
ԽԽ
һϺܶˣбȻ¶ҲȻ¶

˵ôˡ
ķ羰ǻܶ˵ҰĵģеĿǶԣҪѡ֣ҲҪ㹻ƲС
Ȼ׼ʱ䲻ˡ
ڶĿ˲˼Ҳæµ

ںϵСǧС
̫Ǽſʾݣ̾˿
׼ģֻû뵽ôѡ
ԱҲſתͷЦ̾ʲôǻʱĴʱǡ˴νɱռ˵ġ
һһˢ֡ĻᣬǾԲģҲһʹȥˢ֡Ҳϴһ𡪡ȻǰͶˣڸ̫ǼǿԽк󱳵ġ
̫ǼЦЦԭܸ෨Һ½ӵܸƸ𲽽姼Ҵ磬һҪ֪ˡ
϶Դʽ˽⣬Ҳ㷢ֻ˵Ȼǳ£־˰ɡתܹ鲻ῴɫҵֻҪ沨ѰҸĺôɡ
̫Ǽס
ǵʵܱ֮ͨȣ˭Ҳ֪нãôиÿͶܷǻܵķңܻҪȡǿ
̫ǼһЦһεĸʵ񣬻ǸЩСǧеĿ˻ʱᡣ˴ιڶ罫֪дڣ˵ͻҵȵмͶſнɸˡ
һȻͬˡ֣ξͶྡһЩɡ˵䣬óһƴ飬ݸ̫Ǽãȥһá
̫Ǽӹͷһ
ϳ飬һױеһλ˰׺ˣɵĳ˵ϣѯ⣬˾˵κһٻ
̫Ǽ˲ϻΪλԶɣɢ˵˷²Ҫ̽ʲôϢʱ֤١ͬʱҲΪʲôҪеײѰԵ姼Ҳδصˮ©ȡͬȥѡֻҪЩѡһһ֤Ȼ֪ǷģǷĶӡ
Сպ飬Цųһ֣֣л


149 練Ӧ
硣
һӺ񳾿ſϵϢ, ɫĮͬһʯ
ԱߣŮٵͬкܶ࣬ûκһ֪λӻеĿ, ֻǷǵż붨, ʵü, һ᲻ʱóһЩǶкǿƷ, ܸ˳ػ
ˣʹڻһЩϹŶʵں֮ϣѾõ˵ŷЩϹŶҲԸʵʱĵǲ
ڣٴ붨, ʹڻУҲ, ûд
żӺ󣬺̧
˵̫صһϽ¡¡ɱУԪ, һλ, λ峿ǰ˴, ػʱ򡣡
ⱧԪҲ, Ϊ֮ǰӵ𣬰Ľʬһ̶ȵĿ, ֻҪжĸ, Ҳ̫ӡ
ȻԼкܶ๦¿Իȡ, Ϊܸؽʬ, ׬ȡ෨ҵĻҲǻץסġϸϢǸǵһֻ֮ڸȾߣѶԸĳ̶Ȳ罩ʬѡ
еĴȻ̫ˣΪף¸ŸɶΪ˳ʬۣʵҲи˼һ֪У˭Ҳǵڴʲô⣬ֻʲôĺˣֻ׼ɵĶǿߣȻı֮ˣӡ
񳾵ĻȻúܶͷԣȨ˲ľԵǰҹ峿Ҳ½ǿߵִ
ЩϹŶ񳾵ɫ֪λӲһоѶҡľ֮࣬ҲͲʡǶĵúܣֻʱ䵽ˣȻͻ֪Եɡ

ڿϢ󣬱ܵظ½淢˽ġ
[½磬㿴]
[½棺ˣҪϵ㡣]
[е㡭]
[½棺£ǸûᣬҲԳûĥ¡]
[½ģԼ׼ġҵˣҲ֪ǷҪǡ]
[½棺ҪáһȥˣҲˣˣԼ㲻񲮸̸̸]
[Ҳ룬ҿҲаٰ˼ʱ]
[½棺عڵǣǷ粢ֻǰһΣ֮ǰתء]
[֪ˣ½磬ټ]
[½棺á]
˵Լ͸׾ӪУѴеõĶչҵģûҪ֪еĴڡڣ׵ʵʵǿֻǰЧĲߣ׬ķҿҲࡣҪǴˣǵȴûбϵġ
˼˺һתͷԱⲽСԼ½Ľ̸˵ˣʣףô
̾ʵ͵ȥҲûôΪȥѰнľ̸һ̸ɡһǽڴ˼Ϊá
ʱ̫˰пҵż¹⾰Ѿкܴչˣɵ׻ǵ̲㣬ĸҲ޷󻯵á

2ħ硣
ħҩʦҲϢɪһ¡
˵һֱõģǡȥ硣
ʶŪܶҩģʶذƳһһҩ
ϸȥЩҩȫǸЧйصģҲѸٵرҩװãһͰһͰķŵԱߡ
ԥ
ҪҪȥء
Ļٵһȣ˴Ϣ
ֻߣŪЩֱӳЩȾߵҩ
ֻĻʱгְæҩʺǸĲС
Խ룬Խǽꡣ
û˿ԼĲ֪ôá
ţ顣
ûи˭˽ģȴԼȺ
ȻȺҲкܶ˷ǵϢ
Ǿ˶ҪμԵʣϢУȴûԽģǶץʱ׼š
ȥ޷¶ġ
ٵȵȰɡ
ٵȵȡ

Ů硣
Է迴ſϢЦһټ֡
Ҫǰ磬Ϊ׬ȡң
Ǹʲô뷨Է貢⣬ڶȻ£Ϊ׬ȡ㹻ķҺֻҪóһЩȻءǰ֮٣ֻĻȨȨ٣ĸȹ̣ʱĸ۵ļһļŮ
񼣣ԺȻǧػȥò˫ʱŮţȻ˻н֮ġ

硣
ؽĻ˼ָ
ָУؽʮĸѸٴһڱ˽ָּٶЩ᰷ָһЩ˼յģǴģûʲôɵĸۣԽΪ飬ʵҲΪؽˣһж԰֮ĵĸ⻮һʮĸֱ
ȻǼ򵥵ĸǮͲһЩʺǵĹ£ﹺһЩԵõҩģҩǿ塢ưˡһЩѾЩɢͣڱΪ˸õĹ౦ҩǵʵһԼЩϻͯף
֣ôЩָأ
οʮĸܵϸǱʵҲܸߣڶָҲǶĴڣչǣǲ⡣ʮĸԼӰ׻ѧĶתЩָ֣ܵ㣬͸շˡ
ڣû˸ƲᰡᰵòʵھǸ̰Ľ꣬ĸǹʱҲûκһֵ
ؽǴߣᰵԡ
ǿĳʵЩһѾΪ˵ʵҪָ߳ܶ࣬ôĺôҲûͶʲôɫġ
Цڣ峿һΪҪ֮½λȥ죬λҲʣʱȻסֻΣգһŲ½˲ܻŹλԸǰڽһգٲܻؾˡ
һڸ꣬ȻڴӦ
˵Ѫ֪ԼʱΪĳЩΣɥλͳ컨ôྫǣΪЧǺôˣΣȴҪĺ£׵úܣͳʲô˵ˣҪ¾ܾˣպôһֲ˵ͻĳضʱ򣬱Ū
᰼ʶ࣬ȻҲǸ˵ġ
ͬЩָ룬ֲƵģܰװ׻ԴʶʱģԸµģȻǰԴ³ǾͲ缰ʱֹ
ʮĸȻûſԼ֪Ǹйء
ôˣ²ҪսԼ˷ܣֻ죬Ҫڶָ֣ս죡
Щʱ˳ȥ󣬰׻ؽԣϴԵĶʼɡ
ĵ˵Ⱥ£ΪξҵԵء


150 ½
Ļ, ȻǸүүԵġ
ףʥϵʥǶƷ, Ϊд򹤡ܹӶȡԼոĻġҪϸԼϵõĹӶߣпܽԷæ
ǵĸǲƷϵġ
ȻҲûпӿꡪҲӰɣĬģѾܹӶʥǿԸӶһǰ, ʱǵȻҲܳӶĨȾߣ׬ȡķһǻڹӶϣֻҪǸӶλӶǿǱǮ, ҪĿ㹻˵ǰ

ӡ׻һʱûףȴǸ˼ת, ̾ͿõĵطԼŵ, ̧ۿ˿ò׸Ľ, ̾˿ڣǰǿ, ͬȥǰնɱٸȾ, ֮һǰ, ʱϾǡ
һ˵, ׻Ҳ̷Ӧ
˿̬ᡢһ䲻Ⱦ糾, ΢顣
ദҲһʱ, ׻񻹿Ǹʲôʳ˻һôģҲǿؽŵȳķݶԸ˳һˡ
Һ׻ؽӶʥ飬ķǴؽҲû˿գûʲôʱʳ˻Ϊ˲ƻԼؽǲǷݷҵġҪȱǮ˻ؽҪ᰿һ취ؽǰ£ǷݷŲá
ƱǿЩ򹤵ȷʵ˼ƿûȣ׻ҲˣΪԼ֮ǰûתᰵл
Ǿؽˡ̬ȿͿġ
ؽЦ˿ᰣ֪ᰶΪܸˣ԰׻Ҳɺ𾴡
ǰˡ
Ц۲ת䣬ˡ
׻񿴵۾ۣ͵һԼô޶ȵس׬ǮˡøٵʥϹһϵ¡ʥĵĶ˻Լ֮ǰҲ˼ӶͷķȻ࣬ǿȥһ֮ĻָܳΡ;ҪˣÿǸᰡؽǮս

ĺܶ
пſ¶İ׷ˣһһ¶˷ɣп߻ᶨŮḧꡢ¶ֺܿѪ֮ɫӣҰʬ˧Сۻϲҩ걻ŵͻȻҩܣпԼĵġ
ҲУſڵϲǰѪѪСߡѾܽСˣΪѾʮ׳ҲѾʮִ׳ʤˮͰ
֮УٿȻ̧ͷǶؿһʲôȻٴſȥѪ

ڲͬвͬ뷨ʱʱҲڷɿš
ԼĻڸϡ
ǰһ޴ˮе龰ȫӳ桪ԽԽ࣬Ϊ˱ԼظкǿƸ񣬳ǿѾôڿǰˣˮۿ
ǹʯ㳡ϣѾ˺ܶˡ
һ۾Ϳ˲վһԪźԪ
λСԪ߶߶ԪŸߴȣԺϸ߶߶
˵
ɲǼ䣬˵ĶԻҲݽ
[ԪţιȥһҪС֪Ҹ˺ܶҩϷȾ߰ΧͶȥϻСиҪϣ÷ҪƤ¶ʲôҲҪ]
[ֻŵͷһҪȻθܺãһ˹ȥȴ׬ҾͺˣΪ˶׬̫嶯]
[֪ҸȥϺȣҲң̫ˣҲ㡣]
[֪㲻ңߣҲ]
[ʱģҲȥҲܣ]
ü
Ҳ֣ԪСүǰ˵֪֮ڵ㱾£ȥɱȾ̫ܲĶ˵ԪŷչȷʵûҪθ˵ǳԿģҲû취ͷȷʵûҲ齨
ԣתĿˡ
ھԼĽûκˣҲûԸӽ
ǰһԭʲôöΪλغ̫ӶӲ˼޹Ҳûʲôҵ
ԣλ˭ţ֪Խ׬Խ࣬Ҳֻһ
Ȼֿꡣ
һһ˰ͷСɫƤͦӣһְֽ۽ǻ롣
Сɫ֣һһ߿ɾҩһһһܵģȦǺġ

[֪ҪȥôΣա]
[ȱθܺõģȥ˻㡣]
[ȥȥˣҪһȥǲﶼû𣿲峤ΪʲôҪԼ]
[ҲǣһģҪԣִ֣ҲŲҾԼˡ]
[ðɺðɣҪҩã˳ʱ仹磬ȥ·ϣôţ㶼ץˣ]
[ǡ]
[죡֪ûǮȽˣϽ׬ٻҡ]
[ˣȥˣСá]
΢顣
ҲʶȪҵˡԲͬܣô£˵ôģҪˣ
ٴתߡ
һڰС꣬Ǿȥ׬Ǯķһأ˸ȪУԲ뿪С
5Ǹé®İ꣬ΪˣҲúܣԲλаæԵʣڵʵԭеҪǿһЩҲһЩ
ͬѰеĻХҪȥƴһƴǸʳˣҲˣκսʶУ͸Ԫһȥ˾ǸϺȵġ
ţеĴ߳һƺȻִһƤ󻹴߰˸ŮŮߣĩĶѡﵽ׻ǰе¸ֵε˹ͨڶҲѡԵ͸¶
ںԣЩһеŮ鲻ԽشܣԲͬĿǵĲͬ硢òȡǵﶼ𾪣侲Լʧ̬Ҫ˵
վй㳡һʱ׺ƮȻĺҲżŮǶĵӣûڡ
ͬõһԣûжסеĴš
ٽţ½ˡ
ֱߵӡҶԪֱߣҪһġ
һպҲˣżʵߡ
һ룬żΪŮԷȶС
󣬺ƺƵӿ׵ŮӣǰжϽСЩŮӾʵǿȴҲйأ
ֻǿϧû̫ɱ֮
Ҳ֣ԷĴǸƽãЩŮûоѪĿ飬ҲȱһЩԡ
ȷʵǺܶġ
ۼ뼸˽УԵΧЩӵƵģеʯȴͻȻ˷չȥʱѾ˺ü
ԷվҲֻռеһѡ
ܿ죬᰺ؽһͬУǵнٸָ֣Ȼһ֣ǶģΪʵҲһɲ׵ˡ
ֻҲԼ᰻ûңǲȥģؽЩǰؽҲӦᰣһ˿ѣͻС
ᣬԪعκҲ˽
Щ˽ֻˣ׹֪ģǶǽݹѪЧԪعˡ
̫ǼŽٸ姼ӵܽУϺߣСǵĶиͬӵſСɣҲ׬Ǯ
̤ĶϵϹŶ࣬ӹɣǺܿ»Ҫʤܶ˸˵Ķ顣
ëСƸԼĻӡǣĶʦСʦͽҪˢңСġ
½½кܶ˹
ټУȻÿ춼ȴûͬʱôпˣԼǸԴ֡
һЩˣǲ׼ȥƴȴҲУһͷһθա
ĿòеĴǣٿȻһ磬һͷ޴ޱȵȶͳ롣
޷ޣݷݣư硣
粻ü
һٳ֣Ҳ˶٣Ҫˣ
Ȼͦ͵ģʵȴǳЩ⣬һˡ
ڷִк£ſһԡ
ּӺһӰѸٳһ
һֱֻ۳Сߣš
Ҳ֪ʲôʱڶȺһǣٿسͦεˣվһ𣬿ͦƽģҲûκ˵ע⡣


151 ǰȾ
, ڲԶ
조ˡҲ֮ǰɹŮȺĽǡ
ЩŮԭڻܲҶ, , Ϊǵվ˽Ÿ, ֵƵʺܵ͡ĸ, ҲȷԴ˹ʱ򣬰ȵȻѽȫʶˡ
ִͨͨŴĿҲ, һЩӵǿʵ߳⣬ͨĹִ˿Ů, ͱȽϸˡ
, Ҳû̫ӽЩŮ, ֻⲻ΢һ
ȵŮǺη壬Ͳʲô߷ˡ
Ҳ̬ȴ󷽣п˿˿, Ҳûܶšֻ, вУħֶа
⻹Ϊ߶ⷢȥſĹŴеʿٷ, ҲſôԴ˵Ҳܺ档ԼľԼһϵеĶȻ, ҲԼƶ
һأҲ˼ŵĸֹ, , ûз˶, ڿͬһϰҲ˹ֻһۣϰ˸۹תͷˡ
ڴͬһԻ
ٷԾϰﲻһ·ˣ漴ɣˡ
ϰҲûҶòȻҲలµġ

вǸĵطи֮ϣȴûп̫ƣֻҪĹؼɡ
ԽԽ࣬ȴһƬŰİ
ڶĿǻЩ΢ŵģˣοǸһԭأֻǽ֮࣬ǴĸġˡҲȤһԲͬװεȣ졣
֮䣬ҲСۣСۺܿͻʧ
ϾԶҪŸӡ
أ糿ߵ㡣
ϸ΢ȻʧˣûκҪ£ֻٿȻһԤƵģԾؾͶٷ
Ȼһ룬һ翶ϵÿ˵Ķơ
֪Ժδ֪ôɢôˡվʲôط飬ȫһ
иʽʼǰΪȾ磬ʱȥʱɸſ˹ٽʱȻſʾ
ǰڣ򿪣λſǰ
⻰һ˶ԾԼһſǰ
͸˵һǰһ/ҵĵطľͳһڶ
Ǻڶֳ򿪵ġŻ״ҸпϵȴֲûӰ쵽˵Ż
಻ӣ⡰Żȶ

һǰŻ󣬴Լֻһ˽
΢΢ۣŻȶͬһ㣬Ȼ˽ȥ
һӦѸٵĻСߣǰŻֻˮͰôôһСȥȴǴ´ġ
ȥ˲û
ٶҲ죬ˣѵõĻᣬųһˣ
СɫƤ갢ס5ȴʱʵߵǿ˻ХڸʦëСơ֮ЩһĿ˶ܿ뵽Ż֮ˡ
ǵӰʧŻеɲǣŻҲʧ
ڴ˺ܶ˵Ŀǡ
ҲΪֶ࣬ڽŻ֮ǰȹ۲˵ı֣һ㾭ǲŷ׷תԼַԸ

ֻ׺ЦЦ߽Ż
ͽǣΪʦա
棬硢򡢰ҲҶ˵ϽظǵĶʦ
˵⼸ӸиëһͦõġǾԲʲôǣ԰׺λʦ˵ǳЩĲ˵ë⣬ǰ˳ġ
ˣܰ׺˼ûϸ˵εǶһӵĲףǹԹɵģô𾪣ʵ

ڰ׺˽ʱͬӵĶԱҲܿȥˡ
˵δҿǧ뿪Ҹɶʱɱٵ㣬Ҳ𱻸ȾˡһȾ۾͵ǲ಻㡣
ĶˬӦֱǻûһ׵ģɱԽ׬Խ࣡СĹСģҪҲˡֻҪһǵܻʵԴоԺоĩΣĶǾֵ

̫Ǽϴڶӵܷ롣
姼ӵǿ̫ǼıӰ۶ǳ羴
姼ҵ֮ӣԶʤҽ֮ˣ姼Ҵ˵Ҳֻ̫Ǽܴ姼ǰһ磡
ҲҪźãңǲҪ姼ҳΪԭеĵһ壬Ҫ姼жӵǿĵλ

Ԫعһ֣Ȼ˵ϣǿѪλСġ
κԪعԣһдУɶ˵ǸڵߡµİΣǵһҪ
˽ǺȻӦ
ޱԺǲ֪ԭǵүǴ׹񼣣
ĵףȻҲԴΪ
ţԪعκĴ£˽ͬһƺƵؽԪعǺڶ֮ڣӰû

ժؽߣס
᰾
ؽЦЦ᰷ġ
ȻһӣʮĸȻӦЩĸҲɿ
ЩϳؽݣͷޱȾ

۶ôͷȴһϲãѪ޲ͳɱȥ

ԷԼļŮʾ⣬ŮǿٶԱŮǽ档
λŮʵΧΧʮּߵŮһһȺнŻ漴ıҲɣ½½ӿ˽ȥ

ڶ˶ŻѾԽԽˡ
ϣ˱Ĵģǿֵġ
ԼҶԪϵͳҲת߽ԼǰŻ
ֻһŲ룬һŲȳʱѾվһƬˬϣͬʱﴫ궯ӣס΢΢ü
е㱩ꡣ
ҲҪΪ粻ԾҲòǹ⡣
糯Χɨһۡ
һСĳŴǹغõģĽֵкֵֹܶĶȴǺܰȫġ
ΪеˣʱҰȫظսʱҲǺܰȫġ
㹻˼ģÿһڸȾ߶Ҳ֣̫⧲֮±ȾˣһȾǻܰæǰﵹæˡ
򿪴⿴˿
һӰɿ챼ɫģ쳤ںڵָףֱֱţ
ǸȾߣ
׵ĸȾ߶ѡ
һץһѳͳңгȻ
ء
һ졣
ȾߵԴֱӱûˡ
õıǻ
룬ٴңıԣľͲǻ˵Ļ糤һĨɫĹâ
һٴһȾߵԴͬǰԴûˣͬʱһȼֻȾճ˻ҽ
ԣֻǸƽƽġӵлĻ߶ѡ


152 է
緢Լڰȫ, Ŀͬˡ
һȶǰĿǣڽĵһʱ䣬ͻᷢԼһȫܱտռ֮, Ȼ, Ҳᵢʱ, ܿһЩ򵥵ķȻͿʼѰĸȾ߲۲졣
ȻǾͻ׷׳, ԼڸȾ֮䣬ǵԴ
Щ˲˵ġ
Ԫعκһտĳء
ⳡزԶǵǻżڵġˡǵĴ׹м, ϸڴǿԿͬ
˽Ǻͷ΢ǿѹ𺳡
Ӹ¡κͳһƾճֵĺŻǸĹ㳡ٵǹ㳡߽һŻ, գۼִһ磬ͬ񼣣׼ˣʱ, ǵ׼Ҳʲôˡ
ҺãǾ˺üϿѵģҲܹ·Ҫѽȫϵʹࡣ
㻹û취侲, ѵıܣҲ֮࣬ڷЩڹܵط
ֻһ˲䣬ǻֿ, γ˴ССĶս
ԪعκҲʱעǵı仯, ķӦ, ΢΢ͷ
κ˵ȥʾ
ԪعҲȻȥɣˡ
κѸٰһգۼ͵һڹͷȻ˫ֺȻ֮ŷһɼΪµ϶£ֱйԴ
ɲǼ䣬һ졣
ͷһ㡣
ȻҲȻ¡
κĶûͣΪЩȾжģֻǼԪع˳ֵʱҲѾɿ챼
κԾһֻԺ󣬾ѸٵŲתٵشڼлȾ֮䣬һһҸʩչһǵĲϣԲԴµµعȥ
κٴγ֣硣
ֵ£ЩȾСޱȣȲһʽѸٱɱ
еļʱʽֻ˴Լӵʱ䣬ûиȾߣѾͳͳκɱ˸һɶ
Ȼκ谺ȻԪعߡ
ԪعЦЦá
κ豻¿ޣȻϲ
ͬʱԪعת˽κͳնɱ˾ֻȾߣǶߵʬǽսʱıǵݡָˡһˣðζ֮ʹҩǷôκαʿͬڣ˫ֿݸɣҪܣѸٽնɱٿȻ࣬ΪȾߣΪˣ˼Ҳٷͬ࣬飬ȿ֪
ڶ˽һݣǣҵף
ȵսȾߣԴ󡣡
κͳսȾߣ͵ȼȾʱСģòԽԽǿмǡ
նɱȾߣȿ֪
˽ٴ𣺡ǣ£ҵף


153 է2
ԪعĶ֮, ˽Сġ
κָ£ڶ˽ÿΪһӣÿʮΪһС, ˷ɢȥ
ǰ, ԪعԸһ䣺һԵֵĸȾߣʿѰһȫڶ, ΪҪǹƣԼɷãǰ, ͻϢ
Щ, ˽Ƕλ¸, æӦ
Ǿͷ׷װԪع˵ģ׷ɢˡ
˽Ƕ뿪, ԪعκͬС
߲ûиˣֻͺĬ, ʵҲ˽ǿö, κ裬һֱ̿ѾǲˡԪعκԣжܸҲõȫ
, һһֵС
мȾѭŻϢ, κԪع, ԪعѸȡһѰ師, ھ, ˳ЩȾߵĲȥ
ȻԪعǸģԸȾߵʱ򣬰師ȻǱĽҪõġ

ؽĸǺָǳһƬ֡
ûиȾߣڸ˵ǺӦֵεġ
Ǻ׵زڵͬһ֡ùͻƵĸо
Ȼһ
˿վǰؽȺλĽʩ
µʱΪʹշֶΣĸԸԭѱʿر߹صĽǺܾģӶԷҲӸԸġ
ؽʱ䣬ѸٰʮĸԴ˷ɢԼȴǶһĴѰҸȾ߶ȥ
ȻҲԪعһиעⰲȫмǸȾвͬ𣬲ҪΪͼĸȾ׶Ըġ
ÿ֮ǰع˴
ǣ
ؽеָٶȶ죬գʱͳȥüʮ⣬߷ХֹͬʱϵĻӡȴ΢΢
ǰʲô𣿡
ϷԼٲиׯʮȾ׷ɱҴĴ񡣡
ؽüͷһ壬ӿٶȡ
ӡģȻǰ׻
׻ؽ飬ͻȻľٶҲ⡣
ܲԼ磬ؽʼĻյġ
һӰӳ˰׻ָĴׯ漴һѺɫǹǹͷֱӴ͸һҪץסһĸȾߵԴǹӴӲֱǰմ̽Ǽӵǽϡ
Ⱦ߷ŭĽʿɱҡ
һҵس鴤ȻֹҲٶˡ
ӸȾĴܵŻȴСĵشӴڿؽ
ǶǿߵľΡ
磬߱Ϊʿĩ֮ѵµĳ⣬Ĵڻʳǡ
Ⱦߡ
Ѿʬ⣬ȴҲǻ˵ģǱȾֻ˼άȴܿڣȻҲƭôߵҲһɸȾˡҲͲݵô졣
ؽɳɱԥӵȾߵǰһץסǹ˳ֽ塣
Ⱦߵʬص˵ϣͷϵĴϡһƬѾʶ
ؽûͣôǹϮȾߡ
󡭡
иȾߣĴǹ֮¡

ŮԷŴһտɽ
Χ˼ĻĽҰ⣬ȻжٸȾ߻ɽȾ޴Ҳܿôı
ѡطǽ٣Ͳһյɽȣɽһɼʮʿͬʱĵ·ģŮҪ뿪Ҳʮַ㡣
ԷĻ£
λǰȥնɱȾߣɱԽ࣬޵ʹԽ񣡽ƻ䱦޾ϧ
ʿһǣ£
ȻǷֳӪŮǵ£ӿɽȡ
Էȴû뿪ɽȡ
һѸһʵĻƿŮϢ
Է߽С
еĸ̺еóʳ齵еȡƼȣλŮʱ·ϡСΪŮʽ£
Էؿϣ
ʲôҲֻҪţĳȻ׬Ǯġ

ͬǳһɽвٸȾǻԵñҪΣպܶࡣͬĩ磬ɥʬǶ׷𲻱ȸȾ߲ɥʬҲͬ£ɥʬǸͳϰߡ𺳹󣬾ޱʩչܣЩײĸȾһˬ챬ͷ
ϵĸȾߣ׻ͼ࣬ͼĸȾ߶˵Ը͵ȼɥʬҲࡣ
ɵúܡ
ոһֻֻȾߣһһߴΪˬ졣
رиɵܰסȫһȭһϡ˺ܶƵģĲͣ
СЩһرнࡣ
أ  0.1
أ  0.3٣
أ  0.4ϡ
أ 0.7
أͷҲнˡ

ϡ̫ǼԼ姼ǣֵĵطһԷС
յģٿ֣ƺЩͻأˡ
姼ǵһ
̫ˣҲ֪ʲôĴܣȻһУһ˲ôڲͬ硣
ˣȻ
̫Ǽܴһֹ̧ۣסǵϸ΢
˵
姼ӵǶܷӣϢ񣬲ҷ˿졣
̫ǼкʵͻƣҲ˼ӳɣɢȥʶܸܵ
ڸոգһЩ˵ǸȾߣĻˡ
΢΢ͷҲȻ󿪿ڣĳߡ
姼ӵǿ˵ķӦʶ£ӵ˵ߣŽ䱸̬
̫Ǽվǰ˵˶࣬ܿˡ
ӦȻ㣬
ת˲þǲЩҲܿͬǡ
̫Ǽ̧ۡ
һһŮŽΪϵıư͸һ˿ƣڼ̫Ǽһʱ㶣ܿ죬˵ıһ㣬ûаѰ¶⡣
Ǹ߹Ϊ׵̫Ǽǫ̃̄㿴ǽھѺʳǵ𣿡
̫ǼתЦЦͷ˵ǡѸһڣٵ˵姼ŲٳԱûϵش䣬ϾȻĹˣϷԸҵСһҲȥǡ
¶Ȼı飺ԭˡ٣ѵá
Ȼ̫ǼһиͬȥʳǣﻰģҲ͸¶һЩͱüĿǰ޳սݵĻʳﻹмơ
̫ǼЦţȷԸ˵ʳǣȥ飬Ӧɡ
姼ӵȻ̫ǼһʳǣΪȡȻҪȫʳȥҲǿֻ姼ҵڶӵһ𣬷׷׳˷ȥ
̫ǼЦݿ䣺̨·̨⣬ɷҵ˵һ˵ʳǺ龰
ҲЦЦȻԡ֣롣


154 ʳǱ
и, ʳǸҵӵܣ֮һ⡰֮ʱ, Ǽʵ滹á
Լһ2ˣߵĹǸĹ¶, ܽ, ʺܺáԭǸѵĵһҡҾһЩǱʵĹ¶ЩŮ, Ϊľǿ֦ɢҶ, ҵ¸ٺ, ѵδӲʲôҵĹӣѡز, ܽͳΪ, һεˡ
̫Ǽ˳ֵĵط֮ԿյûҲûʲôȾߣΪʳǰдܱߵĳҪʱģò, ʳеЩվͿضʱ, ڻʳ֪ͨضĳѰʳԴ, ͵ʳȥ
Ŀǰʳۼһǧ, ֻռ, , 0-2һ, ʣµһ, 3-4, ﵽ5һǧ
֣İ˰ͨԭͶסڻʳǺͻʳǸģٵɲǣڻʳڶЭ£סһӴ֡һĵͼҲǻʳиҺһġͻ廿ġЩ3-4ıô࣬߰˳ɶڸءҵ֪˷ѣ׷ͶʳǱңصҰΪ˻ҲʳǾۼ
Щ5ˡ
ʷǳֻͣмΪ˾Ѱ׵Ⱦ߰ΧõġܵÿûΧġȫ˵ģͳͳ
ֲ͵ͬѵ֮ǰĶǿĿǰȾеһ۷࣬ϧʱܳ5ǱȲһ۷Ⱦٶȵġ
Ҳһǧ߰ٶˣ߰ڸģû취ʳǣЩҲвˣеҲǱסˣʵ΢û뿪еΪ˱ӻû뿪
ǾһЩС򣬾ｨıݣҾۼһ
ӹɣСͱȻһЩ˴ڡûκγͨ˼ʹۼһҲѸ֪ΣٵԤףȾǹʱ򣬾ܶԸͼЩҲԸ˼ϸߵģջǻݡ

ʳǾ˵ҴǾۼıݡ
̫ǼϸŸѡܽǰľһĳǳء
ǽ޽ôߣˮ֭ͭд̵ĲϽн죬ʵʵذʳǶȦϿգǼϹ󣬲ѹ׵ĺö͸ġӡ
µǣǽÿ϶ϸϸءࡱڲ˵ǡ޷족ҲҲʲôӡǽı֪ʲôŪì˵ǡìʵϱȸӲ̣ͻ̳ȥޱȡ
̫Ǽÿһì֮Ŀ϶ֳôЩı⡢ۣôӽţǾǹȥҲ
˼롣
Ƶͳǰóһƣڳŵİݴ
ǳŲźȻѿһֻһ˽ķ϶վſڣЦ֣֣λȡֺܵطԸܽ壬λ·
ܽ׸ѵ뷨һȽڡ
̫Ǽ֪ǸǲʲôҪᣬһۣˬȥ
֮Ѳƣٽ롪һڣѷͺˡҲ˵һϢ֮ͻԶš
ʳزѾǽ߾ˡ
ʱ̫Ǽʳڲ
һۿȥʱĽֵ۴αȵķݡ໨ľȫӳĻʳǶôڡ˻Ǻܶģȴڲͣæµ
ͨڲͬ˺Сǰ󿪿СƬĲ˵ֲ࣬׳ųصĵӡװʯϵȵĳӣһЩʿҪڳǽضĵطӹ̳ǽȻǽаɸߣںܸߵĵطӶͲϵģкܶͼҵҲڼӹ̳ǽкܶŮӣæŴϴ¡ϴֵʰܰöķȡ
ÿ˵϶û̫ʣʵĳǽ̵ĻʳǱݴҲһЩģǲô;
̫Ǽ˽ʱû˶࿴һۣ˶ԼҪȱ˺ġֻÿ춼кܶ༶Ըߵ˳ȥǼöˣҲûжעˡ
ڳǰͣƬ̣֪̫Ǽڹ۲ʳͣٹЦ˵ʳжԸѵ˼ΪȫλˣҲҪ֮ءҸҸǡһ԰ӣѱΪУסλʳǹˣʵȡһЩ񣬱ǰȥڳǵ¼λţʱֻҪλһᣬ԰ȻͻỮλ£ôزλʧ
˵ʾȴ̫Ǽȥ԰ⲻ⣬⣬ͿԷֵ԰ӣҪǲ⣬ҲѡطǿƼġ̹ȻرԼƼһΪǽáһʣҲΪô˲¼룬ҲǿԷֵһЩͣ姼ӵסǸ԰ҽӽҿơ
̫Ǽ˵꣬΢΢ͷ˵Ǿȥ԰ӣ͸ִ·ˡ
ϴЦ飬ʹǰ
̬Ȼô硣

̫ǼֱӸ˽ۼصʱǸԶиԵļ
Լϵͳɵ˼Ⱦߺ󣬾߳ţСĽֵϡ
ɲǣܶȾ߶ŵ˻˵ζ׷׳߸Ϲ0ĸȾߣٶҲǱͨ˳ܿôһ㣬ٶȣѹȲٶȡ
ҡ
ĵļ״ͬʱ۳һ
Ȼɿң˲ʱҶ಼ֻ죬ŲͬķȥֱȾߵԴ
ء
죬ԴȻըըͬʱҲһǵĲӴ·ӣذǱˣ˸ɸɾ
Ķûͣ۾񣬲ϵؾۼעԼĴÿҲ۳һȡ
۳˼ÿһҺ󶼾ԲգÿÿֱӴ͸ЩȾߵԴٰոɾ
磬ʵʵǳ̿һʱļĿǰܹ׼ٿصĳҲһЩ0ȾߵٶУļġ
ԣ׵ؾ͸ɵɸȾߣʹһվӵ棬ǿЩȾǸܽӽǰڡ
ȻڱȽϽӽĸȾ߶ԺΧˡ
ʮסʮסٵ֡
ǡ
һͣÿһ񱼹ĸȾ߶ûڽֿںͽβ
ҲǻĺôóʿսҪʸҳʱĴģͲͬʸֱû۵ģĶǻеЩҲңѹôĴֱ΢΢е㷢飬һӿ첲Ҳ˲Ͳˡ


155 

ⱾһͨĴ, Ϊд˴൱԰ټҷһ޶ڳȥԺ󣬾Ȼ˳Ϊ, عʱ˴Ľ·, ôزܹ˳ȥôǸںܶԺλȢ, ҲкüΪ, ҲͬǱŷǳõĹϵǽأչΪһС, Ϊ
ǱΪͿԺڵطչȥ, ˭Ҳ֪ͻȻü궼˸ָ, ˺ԥذæﻹ֪ҪˣҲΪǴ˵ֺôøĴȫĽѡΪһΪͬı̫ˣ˶Ҫܴ˹, һ, Ͳæ, ǵ͵Ȩ׼ЩھԮʱʱǺúþԮ˵ģҲѹһǮ, , ܶࡣ
Ҳ, ܶɹȥ, ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼѣ
ĳһܶȻͲһּΪԤУԤУö󣬷Լ/ѣе֡
ʱ򣬴һûֵ̫ϡ
û뵽ǣûзʱ˺ȻƵĳϮǣҲҧҲͻȻ䳤ָץӣ֮ڱҧץԺ󣬱ٿزһ뷨ұɹˣҪе˶һɹҵôܲźۼġ
ֵֹͷֶ˲
Ȼ˾ԽԽˡ
ʱ󣬲˵òҲ˱仯ƭˣҲ˼е£żûбȾˣűʹѰһġĴǡ
Ȼ˴ЩռһСط͵ȡģٵشһƬСݣͬʱոߣҺñݼҲ˺üʵ̫ߡûӵ̫Զˣλ԰ټҷ˵Ĵ£Ҳȶ
Ҳңڵĵطʲôش´𽥸ԣϾҲû£ûüչ
ʹܶ࣬׻ҴôһĿռ䡣
û˸и͵˶ѵԼҲŬرˡ
Ҳ˫൱ŬҲǱסˡһٶˡ
˽֣ǿǸʮӣѾܲɣˣȢ޺磬һŮ֣ʮ꣬Сһ˫̥֣֣٣԰æˡֻǿϧΪͨ˵ӸͬҲͨ˵ĸСӶȥˡ
֣ǿֺͨǸжˣǿǴ˶ףһֱÿһŮڸѲߣǱȽϽӽĹﶼᱻøְ취ɱŮȥѰʳһЩ챤ݵĲϣ⼸еڱﱣˣеҲڸæʳ
ҶܼѣȡůôĻϣġ
֣ǿһѴ󵶣ǰ档
䣬֣֣٣ǶҪú÷ܴ⣬֪𣿡
ŮϽӦұýġ
أǷһЩֵĵط
֣ü˵ףⲻԾʱѾйˣôӰ
֣֣ͬ֡
Ƕоˣ֪ЩǷǳ׷˵ģǼ˵ϢôǿÿγʱСģһ󶼻йӽһ֣ǾҪٶ֣Ȱѹɱһڸǰȥͬһңٷɿߡ֮ǾԲùΧ
һΣһҲûУ
̫ˣ
֣ǿüͷѵ˵
֣ѿ̲סСʣ׵˼ǣ⸽иˣﶼҽӽǡ
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֣֣ˣҲļˡ
ǸССıҵĸ鶼뿴ȥҲԼĽǸףҲ3˶ѣǴ֣2Լֻ1
㼶𣬰ǵԳƵˣɷﻹǳɳȸǿĹֻ2ʹһ𱼲ѰңɱľɱһйͻƵ3ôܿͻи3֡3ˣֻиһ
⼸ˣҲ1ģֻ2
֣ǿһ˼Ůһ˵ȱţһ㶯
֣ʱûϸ
ȻǴٹһֵĵط˺ܶŲǹĽŲڳһطܣǼƣ·Ҫγһɳˮ
֣ǿ˼Ҫȥһ
ҡ
֣ҡͷ˵쳣ˣǻһɡ
֣ǿ֪ԼŮԸȻô˵ˣҲ͵ͷǶСģֲܡ
ŮӦ
ȻĸܣǵĽˢˢسһɷ磬ƶǵٶȡǾȻɺϵģȫҶ˷ٶȿܣظǽսҲԣܱסܶˡ
ᣬһµĽֵ
Ȼط˷ӵĶǻĨһùǵĶΪ˴̽ڵǲõģΪⶫǳϡ٣ûеޱΣյá
Ȼǿľ
Ȼǵͫ𾪵˼㡣
ֵĳ⣬ȻվһӣһѴ󹭣ͣҡÿһǹϾͻһ֧ߺü֧һļʸ漴Ǽʸͬǰֱգÿһ֧һ
ͷ­գȥʬҲȼգΪУ
֣ǿ˿Ǹˣһo
ѵ˵·Щˮ֮еһṩ飬
£һ˶ҲûҶô㶵ſš
ҲûȥæΪǸԼȥæĿ϶ãǹȥϺȡ
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ʱӺȻ̧ͷЦЦλôãҪ𣿡
⻰һ֣ǿЩΣһۺ󣬶ûҵٵشӷȥǱߡ
ûǰļʸɱ𺳣ǵҲûپ÷·𿴵oҲӦһλǸǳˣ֪ΪʲôƧӹɣǴ˺ܴռ䡣
֣ǿȥ󣬶񣺡лǰҵȸм
ţҲҽܡ
üЦЦԭ˴Ҵ֮ˣǡҶڴ˴ЩƣۣҪѰϢһ֪λɷ⣿
һ˵ˡ֣ǿǲźȻӵиŸӣǷšǰͷλס
ҲǸôһֱԵĴأ
֣ǿæ˵дλȻ֮
ļŮȻ丸Ҳ׷ױʾӭ


156 ż½
ݡ
֣ǿһ˵Ĵ, ϵͳһСݵǰ
ȻСݣҲܿӵǾ˵ġɷǳ׳ľͷɵǽڣѻž޴ʯ, ϵ죬Χסһϴ԰ӡǽϷкܶͭϣҲǼǶȥ, Сݸķ⣬ܶ൹̵ܵذǽںǽͷ, ṹûʹкܶȾһӿҲЧֵڲҴߵѹ
ⱤݵһţƽʮһƲƿ, ˵, ķûô鷳
Ƕгġ
˿, ֣ǿȻԸŮһɽȥ, ׻ҡǽĳݴŵͭ塣
ţ˰ƿ
֣ǿæ˵λ
˵ȥ
糯ЦЦϵͳϡ
ŹغúһΧ
ǰǸ԰ӣԭеһ, 滨ľܶ࣬Ҳвٷᡢͤ, ֻЩۼ·ԵĻľȫγ, 涼Ÿֳɳڶ̵߲˹Ϲ, ЩȽռطķͤҲ, ΪĽΪĵĲִŵķݣÿһ涼סˡǿǿҲҴߡ
Ȼѡиԭǣ԰˸ģ͸Ҵṩ㹻ˮǲڻҪȥˮǺܶΣա
ҲȻΪ棬ܶҴ滹ڸ߲˹ϹˮʩʣһЩŮæڴõʳġƩ粿ָõкܴ󲿷ֿʳõģ඼ѵһЩҪػͯĳЩʳĵļ򵥴ϴȡ
ÿ˶ڽ߾ȫΪСס
ǼڻസյˣŮ˺ֵģҲ֪ƽʱѵʱº֣ԡʱ򣬾ͺױɱɡ
֣ǿִ˻ʱҴǿٿջߣǷǣ֣ͣ˹
ȽԺǲŷ֣Сݵĸ֣磬żɲľηѵ˵ôˣǼܸߵ
֣ǿĽ£˫˸к
֣ǿϵͳȥķϢͣȻǴϵͳȥˡ
һ򵥵Ľ̸֣ǿǿ֪ԭ˶ǲԸļӵܣѵʱҲ½ɽߵ;Ĺ
ֻ֣ǿͬʱҲ֪ˣ˲С˵ˡôǿսû£źɵҲûкϢӵ˼ǣǽ죬ȰѸĹɱ͸ߡ
֣߽мС˺һѾǽ߾ȫдˡ
ûЦЦȻܣһɱ
֣ˡ͵˶ܸˡ
λһ԰ɣ
Ȼ̬Ⱥܺãȴֻ֣
֣齨СݾкܶȷʵУȴ̫ࡪֻǳģԻԺҲǼģûгȥǶᾡԼʳҪʱ򶨵͡
ʮӺ󣬼˾ٶȳԣҲԵòˡ
ʱ洫һЩнŲߴ
֣ȥţ߽һݸ߸ĴɤţԱ߻ŸɰȭͷĽ˶Ůӣˡ
ݸ߸˵֣磬ǲͻزˣ½ӳְæ½˵طУЪЪţҾܸʶʶ
˵䣬ѾţǵԣŸرӢȴʮֳȵӡ
ӱºͣû̫ǣżĹȴʾһҸˣ־൱ᶨ
պÿˣЦŸ˸кҲڸ½֡Цųƣﲻڣ
ô񵫺ܼᶨ˾½棬һ2Űڽеʱ͸һ2ŰŮ˺ѣҲͬʱ֣˽ｻ٣ȥԷ紮š
ҲԼݼװ˽ʱύļ֮һܺҼûʲôϵˣɱϾĹüصģнڵġ
½濴磬Ҳ΢΢㶡
ģһֱæʱ඼սȷʵܾûϢˣڡҲ֪ˡ
½˸Цݣ֡ߵϵͳλôƺ
翴һϵͳһλҵѣԪ
Ȼ˽ϵͳ
[Բסʱֻô˵]
ϵͳ˶٣
[ûϵ]
ϵͳȴûʲô֡
֣ǿû뵽ͬȥļҲ˿ˣ˻øĿʶġ
ôϤ˵Էǣλ½ӵʵҲһ൱ۣȺ֣
֣ǿһʱû廰ȻɤŴҲŰ˽ܸۼ˺ˣȻҲǡ
½ܣȸԪ˸кȻٿı飬Ҳ¶һε
һûֵһط
ʱͶŵصֻ֤һʱ䰲ȫɳ⣬kһſһˣΪ̶ȵذѰ͵أδؽͬһȴвͬĿ˻ͬһط
Ա̫ǼԼͶ̫Ǽ൱˳ͬһطΪĿǰͬһ磬λӣһӡ
½վͲͬˣҲŮϧǵù͵ùĵӣԲͬģ߽һţȴǡ˭ҲҲ˭˭Ҳ֪Էĸλ
Ȼڷֱ˴㲻ͬɲǣͺܿ˽ϵˣκϵҲûɶãôһİ磬˵˵ΧɫʲôԷϣǻǲܵġ
統Ȼ֪Щ֪֪ñֵ㡣
ˡ
½Ҳ׵رֳԼơ
ǿˣ򵥡סҲܰ¹ģܿ½ҲǺ֣ǿķԸȥŪЩϡ
ͬʱ½˽ſͨ䣬֪˶Է˵ǡ
֣ǿҲ֪ˣӺԪǳӵܣ½ҲǣڵļȻͬȴͬһͬɣʦֵܣ˴˼ʵҲࡣظ˳ˣͬ˳ˣСǺͳȥĵطһʦǵʵ϶ҪǿһЩġ
Ϻ󣬼һ߳Ժһ߻ģ˴˵վǢ֣ܶ࣬ǿЩСǣǼ̬ҲȻһЩ
ϣʲôĵȻҲ׵ҲóԺúȵعϡ
֣ǿ˶ЩǿǰҲиġ
ôдԵɣ˭أ
Ǽû֣ǿʧ
ӵڶ峿ʼ˾뿪Сˣϵͳһߣ½һߣ˫ϼСݵˣɢͬĽֵЩȾߴɱ䡣
ǵľ֣ǿӣ֣ǿԼΪʵҲͬ˸ܵһֵɱˡ
֣֣ƼθһȥȴǸо𺳼ˡ
֣Ǹ½Ǳȥģ½նɱ龰磬ֱ½ʵ𺳡


157 ϵͳ̫ҵ
е˫ֵֵ̥, һԪȻһֱӰ룬ֵĴ࣬ʱֻź󷽶, ÿ֣õҲͨȭֶΡ̫ı˺ȾÿÿһȭһƹȥشͷȻʬҲ
֣֣룺Ԫӵ⣬ǲſɡ
˫ֵ̥ܵ뷨
Щ΢
˿һּ, ɱ˺ЩȾߣϵͳ棬һССķȦǱƽġɱɾ©֮, ϵͳɱ
Ȼϵͳɢ, ȴԪơ
̲סͷϵͳһۡ
ڵϵͳ, ӱ鵽̬ٵԪһģһ
΢顣
μϵͳԪ, ǵϵͳֻǰæϵͳæǲе̫ҵˣܴĸ, ı֡ӦĸоԪһģһ
ƽʱϵͳò˵ʱһġ
粻ţҪԺԪһˣҲˡ
˵ϵͳϵͳ
[ϵͳ, ҲҪģµô]
һӿϣ², ϵͳӦǿһֱڳŰԪƫ, ԺһԪſ, ԲŻôģ¡һԺԪʱǼϵͳģԪκΥ͸С
ϵͳޱһȾߵԴ
[]
̾
[ҪôǨҵģ˵ˣҰҲɺܺõѡԺǧҪһֱǨҡ]
ϵͳٴһȾߵԴ
[ϵͳûǨ]
[ܱǸ]
һ㶡
һʱ䣬̫ϵͳ˼ΪʲôǸ
ûʱôࡣ
ĸȾ˹Զ뷢Ҳܷ
绹Լãﲻԡ

ﲻأ

½ֿգڵִ֮תͷε½˵Ȼȴ֣½ѹûһ
գ
ߣֻмļλϡ
ձ߲ĳ룬ͰֶŮаţ
ʵǼһ֧ߣԭǶڳ谮ŮǺģ壬Ҳûԡ
Ȼȴã谮úã˭ҵ֮Ůô˭ҵ֮Ůһ绹Яģ
ǣЩϳɾĳǾͶԼһˡ
ûռյĻԵ
Ȼġ
Ȼ룬ȴԼѾʧȥȻǱ߸Ů֣ЩͨϸᵽԵ̰ĵĺ¾Ҫֶˣ
ô̰ʵʱǷ˼ȫϣԵĿֲõĺôɻǲ̫ҡ
Щϵ֪ԼҲлǰ磬ҲлƻԵĿԣǾ͸ˡرǣװ׵ؾǣлԵڣʱǵС˼ȫˡ
ʵʵ£úˣܷôԻԵĸŮһӪ˵ߵøԶ
ʵȻˡ
ڶ೤ϸҸŮУʶôԲͬˣõŮй¶һЩغжѴװס
յľ鲻̫ḻҲҪָ
յûô߲࣬Ļּ常ڵʩǵ㲻
Ȼ½粻ߡ
ǣҲöһˡ
뵽⣬ͻȻõſϢѡ
һղ뵽Ǹ˷͵˽ģϽظ䣬Ӱȡ
һӣλϣ˵λҵȳէ㲻Ҫͷˡǰұֵ߽ȾʱӦԣ֣֧ӦһСġ
⻰ǰͷҲû
侲ֶŮȻѾг統ǰ㵥ˡ
˿մｻģ֮ת޶ʮ˳Ǽһ㣬ұȥ
ܿ죬ɫιӲͬѸٸ˴һһһضԸȾߣձ߳ϻţһҧȡһޣݺݵسǸȾߵԴ
պͷ΢˿ڿˮ
ɱ
һģ

ʳǶϷ˰ﴦһСߴһСڶ
ΪһߣԸȾߵȻԶˣԼʹڵ˺һҲûεĸȾ߹Ϯ
Сߣ
һ룬Ѹͣжʮɳ
Ȼ󣬾˦βɨȾߣ
Ⱦ߲ǾۼһģβɨĹ켣ϣǵһȾߵԴˣβȥȴûŴ˵ڶԴȥȻ˵ԴٽţβɨһݣǷݡһ롣
ķﴫһŭ
ԭиȾߵģݱ֮ȾҲשʯľͷ·
ಡ
һӰһߺһߴӷŪӵף˻űߣ
β͡
һ˦
䡱
嶼˸ϡãȻҲԴ
ߺܳȣóüȾʲô˲ģѸٵػ壬ߡÿϸȾߣβͻͬӬƵ˦ЩֵĸȾҲͬĲӬƵģҪôԴãҪôãûһܴβ߹һ˦Ļغϡ
һ·˦һ·ԽǸȾ߶ĵطԽǿٵؽС
βеʽҳ飬էһΪֻС·϶ѡõطˣõĸȾ߶ˣӵʶȾǾͲΪǲôĴ߶ǺХžһСﳱӵΧߣ
ǷצӡȥߣȻצӺھʱȴûи˿˺ֻΪƬĽӴǡĦ
ȫƲ˷
⡣
һ߶ԣǿβ߶ǿľһˡ߻û޳ΣӾķ϶ǮٵǮκѪˣ
ѪһĻõ̲֮
˵пºѪ󣬵õĺôͦ࣬ô߻õĺôҪʤͨ˺ܶࡪƣѪǱ˷ѵȫ˵ġ
ΪԼպлữСúѪԼѪǿԼѪ⣬ȻҲǿԼƬƤ
ڵޱǿ˵ĿǰĶǼ͵ĸȾˣǼߵĸȾߣһβ̳ЩȾȴҲһƲ۷˵滹Ƥܼǿġ
ԣ߾ͬһƽƽġӬģߵõĸȾԽ࣬˵Խ㡣
ôĪøأš
һֵһֵӴسǣسĳǳء
һ˵߾ߵа

һߣͬķֺҲʼڵ
Ǽ򵥵벻̫ļıҪôŪȾߣҲ֪ԼҪô⡣
ֻȳߵЧʾҪͺܶࡣ
ڿл裬϶µطӶצɭȻĺ⡣
ɹȥץһԴ
ɹץһԴ
ٷɹȥ
ٷɹ
ҪȾñȽϽӽһξͿץԴˡ


158 ޣޣ
һһһŵ, ȥߵĽǿиȾ̸֣߳, Ȼ˲
ȻЧǵ˵, Ҳûĳ, ˵һҰ, Ұôô壬ҵı߾Ϳҵıߡ
˿١
Ѹ͡
, ҲŵһЩߡ
˻ʳǱ⣬ػǴߵСݣС, ʵиСġ֯, ҲЩԼںõĵؽһЩɽһЩȵȣ֭Һǻζˡ
ڷǻƬؽ, ôһЩգڳھһҺ, һӵŮĴһߵֵˣһ߰ΧѶۼһصǼΪ˱Ѷںõĵؽѡ
ؽϷƤסģȻҲһЩڣǶ൱صĵط
ƤΧͿ˺ܶɫƵͿ, Ƿ϶Ĩƽ, ʶȴܱŰĸȾߺѷ·һµĿռ䡣
, ΪȾߵŮȥصȡһЩʬζĶȻøֲҩƳһ֭ҺȵƤЩڵĸҲҪĨһЩǿ˸Ⱦߵжϣ޷֪ȻôǵƤӵ´
˵ʳ⡭
ȻֻϴŮˡ
л˵ǻۣΪҲ׳ԼĵӣϴŪһЩϢҩˮϣûʲôʱȥСĵѰҡ
ⲢǾԱյģǳȥģڸ²СҲȾһȾͻᱻתһתͲǴǰǸˣȻͻͽ϶й¶ؽѵڡ
Ϊ˱֤ؽѵİȫǱڱȾʱ˽Լ
ǣ˶
ͨû취ˬ˽ԼģԾ£ȻָԼ
ϴоȾߣŪһҩ裬ͨ뿪ʱͷ溬һţֻҪǿʼȾǱת䣬ѪҺı仯ͻҩͻȻҩһֶԸȾԴо޴ƻĶ˲ƻǸ¸ȾߵͷȾҲˡ
ΪϴôҽߣŮǸ3ʿǱסʮͨ˵߰ʮ˵ģȻҲֻʣʮˣӹɣѾǸ漣
ˣЩҴ߻ȣǻ౧ȡůȻ֪ٻãůģҲϣġ
Ȼ
ϴŮ÷ȥԵʱȴ쳣
УƮһƬһӰ
һݣٿزһĿ־У̧ͷϿǿԱߵһСĵ
Ȼ󣬰÷ƾȻȻˣ
һ̺ʮֿµѹҲֿ֪µޣҪð÷ĶĤơ
µиȾߵļģֻж̴ٵһʧˡ
⡢ʲô
÷СشӴ⿴
ط֣һͷֵľ͹ޣޣĴŸͨȻͬĳ˲䣬צץ
ץֻȾߵͷ
漴޷һðУĶҡϣǼƣ֮ǰһƬƣ
ԭƲƣȻһͷ͵Ĺ𡭡
÷ûҶסס̲࣬ס˺ܶ뷨
ǹޣֻȾΪУ
ϾȻôµĹǸ3ˣȻǹ޵צӣԼãȥǹ޵ǰƣҲضᱻһצץ壡
£̫ˡ
ǡ
ǹֻȾΪеĻ仰˵ǲҲЩ˵İ֣ǰûĹޣΪʲôʱų
ǲһ㡣
÷ͨĹؽ˽ֻѣӵǿ󹥻ģҲߣֻܳȾս;Ѽʳġһֻ1ڷʣôʵΪһ߱ؽˡ
ͬʱ÷һֱϴĽĩ֮ǰѾϴѧϰ˺ܶҽϴ򱣴ҽȫҲϴ򽲽˺ܶྭ顣
ȷĸҲǲֹ֪޵ġ
÷һ
ʱǵԼ˴γȥٽֵһѰ棬ҪΪơȥˡ
Ҳ̹ȥ
ڿٵػص˵ؽڡ
һ·ϰ÷Сģʵȷ߿ĹǷ񿴵ҺþĵûбϮ
·ȷĳЩ²⡭
ҿƤ÷Ѹȥ

÷ȷʵû߿еķȷʵûʲôȤǰ÷Ҳ԰÷ʲô⡣
εǴģ÷ĻˣΣˣ˵Ҫһ£Ҫǰ÷ܻ󣬻ܸǮġķңԱ˳ŵCŶ԰÷֡
ȻⲢǸƲ硣
ʳġ
Ǻϸ۵ġ
౾ʵҲڷʳϡ
ֻΪУ÷Լˡ

˵ؽԺ󣬰÷潻˸ڵˣԼһƬСռ
и뷢԰׵ˣɫܴ飬оԸȾߵĶ
÷ȥСԸ˵Լ
ϴʱͣĶ
÷Сʣףô
ϴ˵ȻŰɣؽĳʳʱã⼸ȲȥˡһЩʱȥСĴ̽һǡη˵ҵȵʱҵҲһЩƷǡ
÷Ҳͬ
һ֮ԡ
ŮϾᡣ
۽÷ʲôףĿǰǶġ
ģͲԶԴ

һץĶ˵Ҵߵע⣬οһ·һ·ɱȾߵĳأ
ôӴôĬȴĶҲЩĴǾޱȡ
Ӵľߡ
˿ɲӰ񡭡
˿־ʵ
᲻ᡭ
˰п̽Щ˵ʵ˵ʵ̫Զˣ޷ߵķ
ܴӾǮɼǻۼߣͬʱҲĸ˼ǼʹӣҲֻûЩҴߵ뷨νһʮᣬԵĳ˵
˵Ӳһ⣬ǿ˻֪᲻Ǯ
޴£ǲȥġ
ҲΪ߳˳Ⱦ⣬߶Ĭޱȣżǰ·лȾϮʱβȥȴֺû˵ˣֻŪ˸Ⱦߡ
ǽһİձΪԼ߿ڣȫûС
ǣڳ߾ĳһЩҴߣŪ˳ơ
ƺܼªû裬ֻǱЯ߷ڹ̶ס
ĦųĻڳǰߵݸлģ൱ġ
лӡ
һ콵񣬶л񣡡
ƻˣжߵл
л񣡡
л񣡡
˵˱¼ˣҲеĻ֮һݡ
ԶԶأֻȾߺӴ΢΢˶١
Ӧʲô


159 ߵ·

, Ϥܶ˽λΪǵ˰ϸм, Ȼ˴, ҲΪЩ, ˲ְͬԽ, Խǿ, , ǾͲ
ЩУҲͬķ, 꾫Ща, ·Լƻ£·ƻ֮࣬˻ӣ߱, һĴҲλ
Щ鰮඼·ģûʲô˵˼, įҲҲż뷲һ¶ˮԵ, 칬Сɱ·һ࡭
ԼǴ·ӣûˣ׬㷨, ˳βһЩˣȴ˲˵ĸм, һЩ
, ôȥ, Ϸ·ˡ
ЩﻹЩ, ƺΪ񡱡ЩǿЩеպһɣֱӾֱõλ
ǮȡѪϽλ·ӦһЩɹĿҲ󣬼ʧܿܡ
ֻǡ
Ҫ·Ҳܴ
ǻԸģҪ˳oͽԸǲɣͽܻˣoûԸͰⲿԸ³һoɣʵͻˣԼҲпܡ
˼
˼ͬʱһһġӬû¶κβ
ڣ߹һֺ󣬳ߵΣͻأʧˡ
ȥС
ûע⵽ڸҴ͵͵һĻ
̲סһ
ߡ
ʧˣ
ʲô
ҴΪֵйûҲ
ͻأʧϢǱǴ˳ȥ
Ҳ˽ؾҪһǾǷ񻹻֡

߻صкȥһȦ
ΪģҪһĹ˼ҵ
ڳ磬ǰ׺ʱãߵĲ·ӣеӳûתҲǸɴС
ֻϧȫ˻·ģͬģûС
û̫ʧתٻſ֮˸˽š

һһ߰˸ȾߣȻ˵
˽֮
ʶתͷľǡԪޱڸ˵
أȻ֪ϵͳϵͳӣľԪڸ˵һȻŷӦ⻰ݡ
Ŷ˷˽Ÿ
ٻϵͳ壬ȻϢʾڳߵġ
ü
߲ǸڸȾǮôϢˣ
˵һ䣺ϵͳҿŵΧ
ϵͳӦһá
־ԪˣҡҡͷȻ㿪˽ݡ
߱һʡ
Ƿ
üͷ΢
ɲһмֵĶжǿģȻҲԡȫǺټģûϵйһ£ٲҲ㴿
ôôʣ
糯ϵͳȥ
ϵͳȻǰصõˮ©Ƕκʮ
Ҳ֪ҪʲôֱӸش
һ·ɱȾߣ屻Ļ˿ӶΪޡд³ƣΪм˶
Ȼ
Ͳˡ
ȾȻ˴ڣطǸŴ⽨磬⽨ͺô޴һߣͻȻɨΪ·Ҳûʲôֵġ
˻ظ

ļ۸ɲôߣÿһٵһ㹦µļֵ൱ϾЩǲܵġġ˭ǾͿݴĳ̶жϼֵ
ôŬĳ߻кøеģڻظԺ󣬾ͼ̸ȥһ۸˵
Ǳòر˸л
Ȼûȥܳߵ뷨ֻٵٴΰѹٻңɱ֡
ڳǲҪ
ͷпյʱٿ١

ûſ壬Ǿ͵ضԼ˼
[Ҵ߷淵300㣬ÿ100ֵ5ҡ]
[Ҵ100㡭]
[Ҵ߹ӵ120㡭]
[ԡ]
[ԳС100㣬϶50%ÿ100ֵ2ҡ]
[ԡ϶ȡ]
[ҴߺӵԸ50㣬ԸϣӽӡԸÿ10ֵ1ҡԸÿ1000ֵ1ҡ]
[ҴǮ׳Ը80㣬Ըϣй]
[ԡԸ]
[]
ʵ٣߿֮ظֵٿⳤ嵥ĬĬ˸ˡ
ĿǰԸļֵߵģǰҪɣȻЩͻ˵ǿһգ֪ʵнͲôϵǾǵûģҲرл顣ЩԽϼֵԽߣϵǸֵҲֻйµĶʮ֮һЩԼʵôԣʵĽܸ
ôһƺûֱû㡣
Ȼ
߲û̫˼
ȫ
ߺô˲ЩҲ͸׬һٶ෨Ҷѣûкڡ
ȷҲȷЩڿƺΪ񡱵ĺһԻֻס飬һĶҲ಻ǸĶĻȻԥѡȻͨΪ
ȻټӪӪһӰգٽԼӵͼһֱܹ
ǣѾ߽ˡ
ǰ·ããҪ뻯ܻҪܶŬܻᵹڻһؿϣȴһһɹޱɵĵ·ܰ磬ܰ磬ߵ߸Զȥ
ǳΪ·
ߵø߸ԶͱԼְҲչ磬ʱǣԶԶֻһһˣǺܶˡ
ĸױ䣬Ȼ˶ԸĸְʧȴҲпһûܹϣһ߾ڹؼʱ̸һʵ䣬
ӳԶѶȿ»Ҫ߹Ǿĵ·
Ҽʹλȹ̣Ҳܻᱻӡ
ȻֻҪͽ࣬Ӳ̫꣬߾֮·ʧҲδزᱻ˴ܵڰʵͽ߻ǸԸһȫƿԼС

ٴνʱ͵һطԭʧǸֿڡ
ⲻӰĹ
ɺ˿ذڶԼ޴壬βҵ˦
һͷһ鲻ֹһͷ
ߵϢشݳȥԭվߵɳеĻż˵Խȷ˾ߵأҲԽޡ
ΪޣôûͻȻʧͻȻ֣ԽôԶľ룬һ˲ϵأ
ˣҲӵطӡ
Ȼȫ߸ˡ


160 ǿ
еп˶Ŭ
׺˴ӽ, һʱ֪ûжƣԼԿʹﵽߵȼǿ, ϶Ƿƾѹ, ĵҲ׽
˵, ĿǰĿ˽Щ, ǵĵʵǿˡӣѾﵽ˶ˮ׼, еĴӰΪʱ磬Ѿ޽ӽס
ԣ׺׼һġ
һҪһεĻ, ׬ȡң
ΪˣܵǿļֱɷӣԼҲ˺üǿʵı
˰׺˵뷨, ͬǰ׺Ѹٲ, ﲻԶкüһ۷Ϣ, ЩϢУǣɿسͳ
׺ЦһȻûʲôӵĶǻʶ, Ҳҵȹ档
ʵʵ, ȴʦ
׺˾ͷԸ, , ˷, ׼ɱС
硢УӦǣʦ𡣡
ʱͷֱ𿴵Ƥ΢΢˿񱼶ǵϴŹЦݣƤ⿴ûʲô𣬵Ƕ˵ȴײϱҡֱײʵûжǡ
ǸգҲǸֻģսǳǿȾ߿ٹ죬ǵľҲû˿ҡ
ܿ죬һѴ󵶣һѳգ۾͸Ⱦ߶ս
Ⱦ߸ǵĶ֡
ȻһתתѾǸȾߵĴͷ­ն䣻𳤽΢šȻǸȾߵԴ
˵ĶʵԵɷǳ
𷨱Ѹٻص˰׺ǰ
׺һЦһ۰򣬷Ը˵ó
һǿı׺˽ʹõġ

ţӲͬļֵ½½ӿϰٸȾߣǵʵǰһ׵ģٶһЩյִ
ᣬЩȾ߼ʦͽǰʱעȣھŸȾȺȻһȡ
գۼ䣬дĻ𣬻ΪƬĻ𺣣رӿǰ˲ͽǰĸȾȫΧȻȥƲͣȻϯȥ
Ⱦ֮ڣܻǰ壬沢Ѱ棬Ǵ֮𣬸ȼյٶҲر졣ȱȼĸȾ߷ҪϧǸܳͱոˣݵĹͷ·֦۶ϵ죬ݹǵڵϣΨԴӣȴվȫΪҽ
ȾһһֻĹͷϵȼճɻңٱһƮɢĺ˷ȥˡ
ͬʱЩֵ·𶼱Χһ㣬˻֮ء
ǣ˸ȾߴӸӿвǰһ⣬ЩȣȻûܵ˺
Դӵ˻ȺûʹùһãȻʵ͵úܡһֻҪķϣЩȾ߾͸岻𺣣ͻԴԴϵ
£¡
Ҳʵ
ͰҲĿתؿһĻ
׺Ϊ⣬ָʹӸɻڡ
Уಡڳʮѵ齣
ϸȥЩ齣ͬһѱĽǽɰ׺˹ע߷һٽǧ֮ܡ
׺ΪǸĶսȻֻܻʮѡ
ֻ֮Ҫ
ֻʮ齣ƿնֱͬ򼲷ɶȥ
ǽĴУԸߴ԰׺ΪĵķԲ֮أͻᷢÿһ齣ȥĵطһﵽһ۷ĸȾߡ
齣ȥǡಡһᴩһλһ׸ȾߵԴ
ᴩ󣬸Ⱦߵض
齣ಡŤͷֳʱķ򷵻ء
һ·ϣ֮иȾߣͳͳᱻ齣ᴩ
һ·ϣҲлǡñ齣ȡ
Ǿط֣ȻһѳɱǴӹֿ֮
ŻŵضڰȫطЩҴղֹһĻ̲סߵݡ
л
л
һͷ齣ء
׺ڵٴ̧䣬Щ齣Ѹٽ֮ڣݷ
ԼһƬȾߣ׺ӳһ«
֪Ǵķæ߹
׺«˲̧ŲȥҲϡ
«ڿգʦͽĸֱһȥ
׺ܸоһƬдȾߣȴû
ӦǸȾһĳѨ

ߵһ
񳾴ʮǿڿվڰգ·ܶġɫͷ
ĻѾˣݵ˰ںüǰͻһҲ档
ϻĸȾӵӵһ׷ѰŻ˵Ϣһ궯һпɵĶ
ܶᡢľ㡭ͳͳɸɾ
һпǿģڸʱͱ͵ǳصϿա
ȻˤһУǷӦڿպǹεʧ
ޱ飬˵λɱиȾߡ
ǰǲźۼ޶ӣȻǾʶһУȻҲ˺еôԼӦθ񳾽Ӵ
ǺЦ˵
ӷģҵϹͷöһˡ
ǣǻΪݹ⣬ֱɢͬλȻǺԥس֡
µɮֳһľ㣬˼¡
ʱľбŷ˲·ĸȾУ·ǧѹȫѹ
µɮֳֽƣǽ֮ͬһߦȣΪһΪ׳ΪǿӲľɶ򱱵ôؼ·еĸȾ߾ȫƸ࣬ǼӲԴѹøֱ治ˡ
̫صȵǰʹзӡȣֻҪ£ѹ˲ĨٻɱȾߣһɵʬҲ档
ϽķӾͶ࣬ǲ·֮֮Ⱦһ
еǰҲʩչֶͬΣʲôֶΣһγ־ܳһƬĸȾߣνǿƥ
̫һӺԼû̫Ļڡ
תŻ˸ȾߵĲͬطưѹÿһȥıŷһƣͬѹ
ɲǼ䣬ٸȾͳͳѹ飬ͷȫһ
ЩǿߣԸȾ˵
𿴴ռ˹ΪķĸȾߣΪһѹ˵ڡڽЩǿУȴǿġ
ֻǣΪ࣬ɱе鷳

ʱ򣬽ʳǵ̫ǼϣŸȥ԰ӡ
԰縶˵ʵͦġ
Ļľã԰ӵҲͦлйɫķݣͬҲá
̫Ǽѡ԰ӣסˡ


161 
ɨһȦ, ̫ǼȻûʮ⣬ⲻΪ˻ʳˣ˳Žʳ, ˳̽Ϣ, ˳ҸȫĵطţԷΪˡ
Ժ̫Ǽܸɴ˵лƼ, ԰Ӻܺá
һ, ȻҲܸˣֿҪǰȥ¼ţ
̫ǼЦȻûʲôԡһ², 㻹븶
ˬЦԸҲ
Ҷ¶ˣĩһЧʡ
Ѷ˵, ֱӴ̫Ǽڳǵ񹬣кüˣҲͨˣǳ
̫ǼڸѵĴ¸һλ¼λ°Ǵһ, ͸Ϣ

̫Ǽһ۷壬Ķʵ൱, ҲͲҪʲô, ֱӾͰϢͷų
ɲǼ, еɫ϶һ⻪ʹâ
³һ弶ǿߣ
̫ǼЦЦЦˡ
¿̫Ǽ, û뵽ʵô, ĸҰ̫ǼĿ, ֱۿɼع˺ܶࡣϸ̫Ǽϵ׽, Ҳܾصģ
ҲųϢ
ɴ⣬λҲ弶Һʱ̬ȣûе
֮¼򵥵˼˵ڵ֪ǻһȺ姼ҵͬ壬ÿͬ嶼2-3ʱ͸ϲ⡣
¾רд⼸ˣҲûôûɫطҪЩ姼ӵһһ¼룬̫ǼĿһһ¼ǵȼ
ó˰ƣüС¹æϢ¼ȥ̫Ǽ5ǿߴǸͬģƲʺ⣬ҲкܶȨͱ磬Ը⣬ǿʵۺκһλġ
ƾܽɵͨƣ֮ǰһ飬ưˣֹ̫ǼһʲôҪʲô̡ҪʲôԴǿҪġ
̫Ǽ˵ȾߵԴ̰ͼһ1ԴȫҪԵ̫С
ǣֱҪǸ԰ӣԴ͸ɴù¿Ű졣
µȻܸˣλǿ߲Ϲôദȥ벻ԭ򣬾ֻΪΪ絽ôΣյĳ̶ȣλ߷ˡ
뿪ӣԸѵʱرˣü¡
Ѹе㽻飬Ź֣һСԭ
¿Ҳ֪λʵⲻ֣ǰǾ˵ˣڻʳǸĿϵģô֪ϸģصضԸʹ˸ɫָ˵˵ߴˣȥŰɣһзĽ
ͷԣҲµʵǿֻΪĿСΣǸҸһǽˮ¥̨Ҳǽ˸ԵԺҲúദˡ

ɢȥ姼ӵǣʩչܼؼոŸȾǵΪʳǸĸȾ߾Ҫɱö࣬ߵøԶһ㣬˷һʱ󣬲ɱͷ
أɱʱ֡
Ŵҹر𷱻ĵط򲻿ܳΪҹǡ˶ˣ»ʳǸҲǺܷģôܻŪƻأҹͱʱΣպܶ࣬ڶӵܶǺܽģǼҽӸѣڵʱ͸ϽܻϵĵطȥϵĵطȻĵطҲǻʳ֮⡣
姼ӵǶ̫Ǽ˴֮ûܻģʵߵļͷһ˺ƺƵʳǷ
ȵſʱ߳ˡ
̫ǼԱߵĺˣԼѡ
е㶣׼ȷ˵Ǵӿ̫Ǽϳóʱʼġ
ʡôǸӵܣܲʶ5ǿ߲Żеģһ˲һƵġ
ѹ֣ѹǹôˣô̬ȣԭΪȥλڶǿߣ
̲֮࣬ס²⣬֡ǰǰڵ徿ʲô壬ɳСܴﵽ5˵СҲԣλᣬ㣬ȷС
һʱζӣ鸴̲֮࣬ס뵽˻û·Ľ
ѾԤ̶ˡ
һߣ̫Ǽһ֣ٿƷ׷ӳȥ
ϵǣÿһƶ׼һ姼ӵܵǵͷʱҲܿ¼ǵϢ
̫ǼһЦպͨƣǰɡ
ڶ姼ӵܷ׷״Ӧǣ

һɱֻ󣬸ϵͳһСݵķߡ
ǲżϵͳǱ߲鿴ĿǰԼЯֵ
ϵͳһƽĿǰепмˣû˱ȾҲûİУһ𡣡
΢΢ͷϸ˵
ϵͳ˵ŮԷ裬УĿǰѾ6258˱Ⱦ3996˱ͽУ2262˷ɢȾУΪȾһԱʾԷ費׷ЩѵŮԸȾߣÿһ˶۳ӦĿķΪͷ
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ϵͳȻǰһԲȦԲȦܿһˮ
ˮϣڲԷŮǵ
ԷȻ磬ǲûսǴһ紷ʮְݡ
ŮͬǷֱڲͬŮĴ£Ⱦǽв
һλĸȾߵܶ࣬켷һϣŮҲܶ࣬ϰͬʱжͬһͳ˧ǸȾխֵȻɱһ
ôӵ£ŮҲãȾҲգȻû취ȫӡͬģֻһСʱкüŮȾץˡоֻ已̥ûŵԱԼ壬ҲûʲôķߣΪƶ޷ӣŵı硣
ŮǵķӦʱ֮ǰ֪ҪȥѸɱոձµĸȾߣٶȳǰɱͼشһ·
ֻˣΪ˫ʵ̫ˣֻһСȺ̱忪ѺԼͬһطĸŮ¸ȾߡΪ©֮㣬ǰޱȵĸȾȺС
Ƶܶ࣬ŮǵʵʵôǿҲͱͨǿһЩʱָӲɢòȻͱˡ
ɱȾߣκΡ
̾һ
ϵͳջˮٴλ㱨Ůﵽ6952
ףǲܼʱЧսָԷٶ࣬ҲҪһĥˡ
ϵͳڿǵϰһѰɣʱˢɱĸȾߵȼĿʱԤܻȡķĿ
ϵͳޱ飺Ƿп˱ģ
룺òţǸԴĿУû˹ĿʱĨȥһ
ϵͳȻӦõģ

ܿ죬епУſ΢΢ȡ
ǣſϽµı仯


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Ǳ߸ԿԼſ¼ʵʱҲϵͳϿ˵
ϲϣԷǱΪ䲻ʵǿö൫ɱĸȾĿޣһµĸȾ, Ŀ˶ԽġʵԽǿģնķࡣ
ֵñԪع, ǧñһʱˡ
ǲǸ0С磬ȴúѪһ˽Щ˽Ǿϸѡĺ֮, ²ƴʱ䲻, ǰڵǺܴġǵԸ1ȾʱԵɣԸ2Ⱦʱ, еⲻ, еĶϺⲻڸߵȼ, ϾսĥҲδزܡ
ԪعԼ˽˵һЩԸ㶨2-3ģκ赥Ըɵ4ġԪعκϺɱ4Ը죬5ʱòҪӲաȻûġ
¸ûأԪعǱ߾Ѿ׬һ෨ˣ
ȻǱȲ׺ˡ̫һԼ姼ӵǵġ
û취ˡ
һƬˢġ֪ͨϡ
ȡ
ŹһˢǮŮ
ϵͳ֪ںʲôʱȻأٴٻһˮ
ˮʾŮǵ״̬
ȵһȺŮѾΪޣ֮תȻǵʵϸ˵ҲǸ׶ѣ˰΢ǿһ㣬˵ôٳӵеһЩ۷ǽŻˡǽ⣬ʵĵսҲ͸Ԫعֵµ˽࣬Ϊ˽ǷùѪҪȥ˽鷳мֱӱ˽ĳѪɢ
ǣԸȾߵʱ򣬾Ͳһˡ
Ⱦ˵Ҳߵʬ壬ҲԵģŮΪʱֱӴϴ͸ȥΪʵʱ򣬾Ч˺ҲȫûбȾΣա
⣬ϲĻʱʵתĻô̾ͻȾ߹ʵתʧܡƲתΪʵšϸȾߵĲӣñҲУ
ĿǰõĻҪȣĹǿóҲǾ̿ѵģսҲ
ԾʵǺܶ3-4ĸȾ߶ɱ˲٣ŵ߼5ȾʱǾͺӦ˰ɡ
Ҳ㹻ˡ
翴ˮĻ档
ȸպһ3Ⱦߣ3Ⱦߵٶȷǳ죬ԸϣȾ߱ԹûȤģڷ׷ϵʱ͹ϷתѰֶ
ͦõģ΢΢ͷ
һſһʱ𣬲һֱȴػԴҲӲΪ˼䡭ûʧ
Թעûϵͳջˮ
ɴ˳Ŀǰľ˿Ƕͦ˳ģɱֵٶҲԽԽʱ򣬾ˡ
˼š
λ֮ĿǰĿܵǮͦˣһδģ˿ˡ
е粻̫࣬ÿҲ̫١
ѾǰڵĿǷչĿռͲСĸҪ࣬ҲҪ׬ȡҡ
һͻȻ뵽ġ
ͷߵġԪʣϵͳɱ˶ٸȾߣɱЩͷ𣿡
ϵͳûгɣǵģϵͳϵͳɱĸȾߣȫϡ
翴šԪ˵Ще㲻ڵһֲ̫ΪʲôҪڣǺƽĶԻ
ϵͳָ籨ˡ
ɱ1-2Ⱦ14798ֻ3-4Ⱦ2338ֻ
ϵͳɱ1-2Ⱦ863ֻ3-4Ⱦ155ֻ
عЩ֣˵ɱô𣿡
ϵͳش𣺡ǵģ
룬ҲûʲôֵģļûͣҲôļ൱ȻɱöࡣҪǾһƬطĸȾ߾ҪȥԶһңһЩʱ䣬ǿɱĸȾ߻ࡣ
ϵͳҪǻߣɱЩ©֮㣬Ҳǻ۵ʲС֡
°ͣôһ㣬׬ķҲ

Է˯һ֮󣬲ŷԼſ˸µ֪ͨûô⣬㿴һۡ
ȿ¼ݺɫʱ࣬ȻһӱݵǰḶ́ŭȵô£޵£ΪôˣЩأǷͰﲻɣ
ԣʵʵС̷ûѹŮʻͻȻŭһʱ䶼һ
ܿǾʹŮʵĻ֪ԭѵ˵֪֮ŮʲôϢ
ԷȻΪŭ΢΢Щ
ǸϽҳ
λŮȻ̰ͼ֣ûŵĵҲûֶΡλǰڽɱû͢ͷһȨֻҪǸ̵ģֵúܸɴࡣ
ڹϻǺܾģĿǰûдﵽôӹܶ鶼е´ָ˾η
˿̣λŮǰδеŭôܲη壿
ǸֻĬĬسһݵķŭ
ҲԷ˱ŭΪС֪ͨĿǰѾһͷҲб֮һ
Ҫ֪绹죡
δ̫죬Ҳ̫ˡ
˵л֪ͨ˵ܶʿɸȾߺûüɱЩԺŶҪǮġ
ڿ۵Ǯȥпɱģǿ۳Ǯȥǣôǵˡ
ԷϺܹҲסΪ˶׬Ǯ࣬ҲΪ԰һΪԲٿصıһš
ڵĽʲôǵûиʲô⣬˴Աֱ߳ŭ
Էغ˺üΣذƽ
ˮǷԸȥȼźţЩͰҹ
ôô࣬һս⣬ٷԼäĿײȥ˶Ҫˣ
˶һúõ֮սٳȥһѩǰܣܴ˹ȴͺͺػȥ

Է裬ûĸŶӹĿôʧڶԪع׬˱ʴġ
Ⱦ磬طˡ
˿ԼеĶԼĿǰ׬ķͦģеһ㣬еҲԼЧʵͲ̫⣬ҪôܼӿԼٶȡ
Σе׬ͺܺá
ϲϵˢ³ԼĿǰʵʱ׬ķĿǴ໹Ļŭţһ˸Ķ
׬Ǯ׬Ǯ
˭֪Ժܲôõأ
һһҪ׬У

ϵͳСס߰죬Щÿ϶½кһţȥԺǷͷж
ÿʱ½ϢЩ٣ɼԸȾߵɱУʵ˲СǺŬ׬Ǯ
½Ŭ£С򶼱ɱˣĸȾ߻ᾡӿɱԽԽԶȾҲԽԽѻۡ
ˣҲǸ뿪ȥԶطʱˡ


163 ⣿
, ֣ǿȻúܿϧûжֳȥڸﶼҲ󣬾׼λǿ߿Ҫ뿪ˡϾΪɨųɽ, ᳤õͣһطôãɱôĹ, Ѿռ˴ˣ˺ܶѶȡ
ڵߺ󣬴ŹʱͻȾ½Ǿ֮ˡ֮ǰ, ڻô, ͸
֣ǿѸٶЦ, ϸĵ֣ϽȥʰһЩһһݡ
ЦЦĺ⣺ǾͲˡ
ϵͳһ
½˵֣Ʒˡ
֣ǿָǿ˼䣬԰ͳȥ
ϵͳ, ½һۡ
Ȼ, һЦȥ
½湰ָ𣺡ȥߡ
˫Ȼн飬Сﲻһ, ǰЩûһȥɱȾߣ뿪ԺҲá
ţ˫ͷֿߣˡ
߳ȥϰ, ½첲ϵĻӡ, ֱͷ
˿ֲƬ
ʵ, λǱʥ顪ĶʦͶʦھ, ˿ðͷ˵ѡ
˵λСֵƷв
ҶԪ˵Ǹµġ
裺ʱʶ
ҶԪ½Сټ, 㻽, }ûš
裺ҶĪҪ
ҶԪ͡
½о, һ߷һߵλʦͣԼĻش
սвþ͸ʶˡ˵нӴ˵ƷвȴҲﲻཻк󱳵ĵزҵ϶ܣ˴֪ͬһԵ֣֮Ǹµúá
߶ֻһΪߣߺܱһ˺ãǱߴѣ½ߴʥ飬ûǸҪ
λʥҲûٶ˵Ҳڸ̾˳㶷ѡ

ЩпǸΪʵǿɱ˺ܶġ
Ƕʵܸߵİ׺ˡǶԣԽǸȾ߾ۼĵطԽԸȥȾȫ˺һ˿һ֣Ϳ׵׬ȡķңޱȾ޴ĺô
ҲΪɱ˴ĸȾߣϢôͨĹŴ⽨磬ҲкܶϢﵽ˻ʳ֮С
ϣݵˡĵͻ֪

ʳ
԰ĥԼܵĻʵ۾ӺӻʺӹӲ˲תͷϹλ󳼣ʣ˵кܶԳ塢ŵڸնɱ
λҲˣλۻʵǰǽС΢ġ
ԭܼ򵥣ĵǵǿеǰλʱ򣬶ڵһλġ
ǰľӺǵһ
˵
£Щ˵ʵΪǿ󣬳һλļǰȥ쿴ȴĪܽӽ֮ǿǰδ
ǣЩʱǲǰأŷԻ纣ȴ֮ǰҪࡣйպۼɼЩ˵Ϊ
£ȷĵ伮Ҳ˼ʵĪЩ˶ڰ꣬Ȼ֮죿ˣ¡
ǿϳɽնɱԭǺ£ȹﾡǵȴǲ࣬պҲһ׮°
£Ƿ罫ǣ۹ְͣλһҲܾ콫ɽȶ֮Ķң
Ӻһһ߷͹ӡ
ЩʱµӰȥʱҲǴһЩϢеѴ
ڹ֮ϯȫʱӺ˴̻ʳǱݣȫʳǸ˿ڣǸԶ֮ͱ޳ĪĿʵ޴󣬱𿴾ӺȶģȴҲףȥ»ҪΪС
ȻӺϾֻǷ˵ĵۻʣ˿Դˡ£⣬Ҳˡ
ԳЩ˴ڣȴƺת
Щӷ׷׷ۣǾӺԼҲܿЩ˴൱ԶԶ֮ϣ
ȻЩʵǿ󣬹ѲǾ档ȻһƽϢ֮ӺָΰЩˣܲˣвϲʹͣʵѹЩǲϽʹָͣΣ˵гѣ㿪ʼϾѵͷǴʱؾЩӾ볯º󣬿ҲᱻƿأʱǸۻʼ棬Էֻ֮ԲͬˣɷֻΣʵ㣬Ҳսǿܵ
Ӻ
οЩΪѶɽҲӦأܲҪʹֶĺ򲻽˲پ֣ҲԵխʧġ
ڳǻۣӺҲ˼ҪδʱȻ䣬һλƮȻ۴䣬һ
Ӻע⵽æӭ߹ȥ΢΢˵ʦôˣ
ԭǵĹʦҲһλԼԤ֪ͨĵ5ˡ
Ĺʦһÿһˣֻһܴﵽ5Ķ3-4ҡ
ÿʦԤ֪Լͬ˳󣬾ͻǱعʦʦסŹʦ⣬ȴȼ͵ҲסΪʦĸ֣ʱʦԤ֪ʱͰӡ
һĹʦޣĸֻҲǲʱȥȻһ5ǸΪʦĳΪ֣ȥѰһͬˣӵȵȡһһѭȥ
ʦԵۻҲ𾴵ģ֮󣬻ش˴ϷΪ˽зѡ
Ӻһ뵽ԼոΪѵĵط̽ڣʦ˼ǣغ
ʦЦǡ
ĹʦӺһЩ
ڹѸոսʱӺÿμʦ֪ʦ֪ﳱĸʳǡжٹȼΣʦȻҲǳݡ
βͬιʦЦ˶ԵñȴǰɣɼǻϢ
Ȼʦ΢࣬ɫ˵²ģνǸ˵дʣµĽɽйɻҵȷԽиУǿˡ˻ڶǿ˱ȥ·İá
Ӻͫ΢ǿˣ
ʦ룺ǡ
Ӻһͣ˼ѹߣʵǰɾߣݣҲ廿ġޣ
ʦףȻҲ
Ӻһʱ˵
ǸϵĵۻʣȻиȻֻĽɽҪ̫ġ
˼⣬
һ糣ɣǵԳǿˣ㵱Ϊ֮ˣضѯʣʹͱ糣ʹͣҲĪҪۿ¶ˡ⽵ٵޡԸע⣬ĪҪ֮ΪУձߣԸΪ³ƱȥҲغ
ڹʦԾӺʱ𾪲ѣҲѾ侲ӺԸȻӦ
Ҳ࣬ͬʱӾη
Ȼܴ˽١


164 Ԫ
ۻʦǵĶԻ, ȻҲ֪ˡ
ʱҲǡãΪпȾѾ˺Щ죬ԻʳǱЩȤ, ϵͳ
ϵͳûȻ͸硣
һʱ𣬾ϵͳ, Ȼ
а, ʵ۾ӺҲǸ಻, ôղ, 棬ô˳ɴ˴θͺá
֮, 뿪˸Ⱦ硣
֮˵, ׬Ǯ;ǳ, ҪĿǸϸƿԼԼļԼͨӿԼٶȡ
ڽսһˣһǡ
ôǺڼ䣬»ôҴң΢еϢʱʱñ۾ܻۡѼоվǲͬġ
⣬ҲеԪķˡ
Ĩ, е㲻˼, ̲ס˿Ա߻Ԫϵͳ
ʵҲ, Ѷء

ȥ
ʱ仯ļ䡣
ʱ, ÿģϢʱϢԪҲûʲôı, 羣ʱʱȥ̽, ͵óԵĹȥʲôġڼҵʱ, Ǽһ쿴ӣɻԪָ
֪Щ䣬ое졣
Ҳ֪ǲĴԪĻһʱԪһദʱ̫һ
Ԫ֮ͦĬֺûôĬƺ׽Լô׽
ѵ˵ԪǱʶ˻Ĳͬ
ͷ˿ߵˡ
ϵͳûʵڶſ׵ģԪԪһ𣬾ǺͻһĲԶǣĸоȴʡȻҪкܶࡣ
룬ڣԪ
Ԫתͷѯʵ˼
ԥţЩ졭
Ԫǿ̬Ŀⶼú׽ǸѡͬģֺǲͬģҲ˵ʲôͬ
Ȼ
֪ԼҪ˵ʲôһĪĸоȻãԪڵӺϵͳ˵֮ǰϵͳģԪ̫ˣЩϵͳԱߡһնɱȾߵʱϵͳԪҲġϵͳԪһʱҲúʣ͸һʡڡһ̣еֲϵͳԪˡ
ڸȾʱǷֵģ»ڸȾļ䣬ٿߵԪôǷֲ壿
Ԫʣʲô
һ㶡
ܿƵطĻļ䣬ڻļԪʹ
ûС
ûҵ
룬˵㿴Ű죿
Ԫͷȥ׼
Ҳŵͷȥ֡
Ԫûоܾ


Ԫ׼÷廨⡢ʷʺıࡢʵ㣬һЩߡ
翴ЩʳģȻⶼϲģҲЩ߶ġ
ԪĬá
Ȼ֪ʲô
ġ
־ã⡣
⣿
ϴһ߲ˣ˵Ԫҳȥȵˮ
ԪӦá
ЦЦ˲ϵˮתš
еͬסˣͷͻҳ겻ȥҲ㲻Լʲôˡ

ڿ˱ˮ͸
±ȥϴ䣬ˮϴ˰
ﻹġ
ʼܿƵػԼõϵͳԺϵͳദ龰뵽ѧԺʶԪԪദ龰
һһأЩɿط
ϴһˮȻɴԴ͵ˮͷ棬ͷ˳壬ͷˮ˦˦ͷһ
ţëͷϡ
Ҳ˰ͷëתͷԡ
ȻԪ
졣
Ԫؿţûпڡ
Щ΢
綢Ԫ۾۲ÿһ˿仯
죬ںܶԪûʲôģ˫Ǳ˿۾ţȴܿ
Ԫǲһġ
ǰãͶԵ
ȴ룬ͶԵ
绹ǿˡ
ʲô˵𣿡
Ԫûлرߣ˵ң
ۡ
һ룬ʲôȻأҵͷһ졣
ƿƤ૵˵һʼ㣿
Ԫ˵ǵġ
ʣһֱڰʾң
Ԫǵġ
Ĭ
ãٴʵΪʲôһֱȥأ
Ԫ˵ϵͳɳʵػش𣺡ϵͳƭ
磺Ϊʲô
ԪôĬҲԾʵʲô
ʵΪʲôǰҪƭΪʲôڲƭˡ
Ԫ˵ΪԪ˵ҲҪ
Ȼۡ
Ԫ˵ԪҪϵͳҪ
ϵͳϵͳϵͳ˵ȻҪģ粢ֻԪƺҲֻϵͳ
ԪԪòϵͳ˵ò
ٿȻףԲûʲôϵͳûò̬ʾʱģܶ޻ҲʼòģǻʱԼʶиԤŻƫ޵ϲáϵͳȻޣϵͳκͬȻɵġעòϵͳ¶ֻΪһ¶Ԫ
ԪڣһʼѡԪݽǣΪѣΪ˸ѧϰˡ
һ㶣ҡѧϰˣ
Ԫ˵ͷ
Ȼ˵˺ܶ໰

ײϵͳ֮ϵͳûǵģÿһϵͳĹʹãϵͳҲûʲôԣÿһεͬûи顣
ΪھſϵͳͿ֮ȻûԳѣôͿԲٰµԼǰ˾飬罻ļƻӦǸĹ̡
ƫƫھ˸ģֱϵͳϵͳˣĵҲˣѰĹУơ
ȸ˳֮Ѿˡ
һʼϵͳǱŴǰľ飬ظ罻ӦʱоȴҲȻ̫ߣЩ棬ҲȤ
֮󣬵λҪȥϴѧ֮ȻͲһͷʵǸ׽ģѧѧϰĵطΪʲôμһѧϰҲѧˡأ
Ρ壬Ҫ鶼Σ໯ҲΣϵͳôҲΡ
ϵͳι󣬵ȻҲΡ
ԣϵͳͳԪҲѡ
ϵͳȻееģ翴Ԫ˳۳Եʣδûиϵͳ󶨹Եʡ
˵ĽӴԪ𽥶˸࣬Ҳӷḻ粻ϵͳԪ硱ǲһġ
ٺԪֶ֮Ρ
һ̹ϵĺѣԼƭѣǲеġǶԺΪںѣֶη壬Ϊ
ԼӦ˵ģǴһʼ̹ϣҪôڣһֱǲеģΪϵͳʱ֪ôѵģӦþ̹ס
ֻ̹ʱԸòðԪеءԪһԸôںԪͲ̹ˡ
Ԫšԥ
ѡץסлȥʾϧֱܿȾĸҪԪߵĸоͿ˰ʾһĻɡȻصǵʱʹӰʾʾ
ˡ
ԪгһС
С
ԸԸԭһʼͺ֣ԸܣȻᾡŬӮ顣

Ԫ˵ˣǶ۾˵ġ
Ҳ֪еһУԪԼҲûƿߣԪġ֮еֵֹġ
ֹһԪ￴Ե
֣ص˼һ£գеε˵Һû
ҲʼնԪеĴڣҲ׺֮䲻ܺءȻ˶ԪϵͳܳʱﶼֱӸʵģȴԼᣬⲻܲջ𡪡ȻԪܿĲͲңɼ
ټϺһͨġԭԭ¶ԸܡŬӮ顱ԪˣҪ绹ô
رǵԪ˵ûʱ˲ӯϲã͸
һ䣺㻹û
ǡûСǣԪġɡ
ԣԪʲô


165 ˵
Цˣʲô£
Ԫʵش𣺡ÿʱ, ҲĻ
磺ദѹָоֵֹģû
Ԫ˵㽻սҡ
һ㶣ɶ
Ԫ͵ϵͳǰ벽ѵ, ûʶǲȫѵģֻܼǵϵͳӵʶ֮󣬾ͿѰҳѵҵʶ, ҲӵȻ̬ܶණ, ȴҪϤ, 𽥵õҪĶܳеʴ, ӵеǷ֮൱
ȻȥҶʱ, ͸ɴˡҿԵõ, ҲϤ
Ԫͷǵġ
ΪԼӰȷʵʵ, ϾΪϤ, ʹ÷֮ȴ, ÷׼, Զ۵Ķָԡ
͸ԼΪʲôԪԽԽĬˣж෽ԭġ
𣿡
Ԫͷʵ˵Ҳҡ
ѿڶʲôġ
Ԫ˵ʵڵİ˽׺Ҷݡ
磺ô£
Ԫûһһʮ˵˳

ȷʵкӰˣԭΪеһλ˵, Ϊ̫, ֮ŵ˲䡭Ͷˡһ˲ԭ, Զ룬걻׳Զǡö㿪׷ľ죬ôبйǰƬ
趨֤ͨǸ󶨵ģԭϼʹˣſҲſ˵Уܱʶ׸ĻᣬûĲŻſɢǰԺܵù֤ͨǰŲŽУſŻڱиſģʽȻֻʬˣ֤ͨǰ۵ģܼªҲ󶨣һ֤ͨҲɢˡ
ԽߵȵԽǿ󣬿˺ͳеſǱ翪ý顣ԻûоȥʬǿԱ˾ȡģǸͻ᳹׹رգԺʹ۳߼ſѡеҲδػǸˣܾܺúܾԺԶϵϡ
ϵͳжϳǸļֵ󣬳һСʱ䣬ǸҵԶ꣬ѸԼ岻⴫Ĺ⣬Ӧϵͳ⴦ʲȨϵͳҲЧʲʱ򸴻ꡣ
ԼϵͳֳʶʬȻԸ罻һ磬ȻҲĬϵͳȡ
ӵĸԶԶô򵥣ҪǸʱûдעߺʬҲܸϵͳʱʮҳɱʵǸ۳һͨǧſϵͳӵеȨޣ۹ۣҲҪǿˣǿˡ
ʱϵͳʲôҲû˵Ҳ֪ʬ壬ڼϵͳעʶľ޴ʱһʼĬǿˣϵͳûа취Ȼˡϵͳ˳ӵ˰壬ֻðݳֵʱ򣬸ͨǧ˵Ҫһġ
ҲΪԭϵͳʶϵͳռǲûǮģ尽ԵڿռǾ͸ĿһøʱǵûǮ
ںӵľ顭
ڽӴڶ֮ǰϵͳ¹飬ʱϵͳѾȡˣȹٿʱľҲԭİԵġ

Ԫ˵һУ
һʼǸģȫԪˡôһ롭ѹÿоѪʱ򣬺Ӿͻһ㣬Լ۱ߵĻԴʼճ㡣ӴͲȥ磬ںӾſţһȥСʱҪһȥ⣬ʱӼġҪ˵˰ɣҲ̫ˡ

Ϊǰ˽׶ǮһԿͨ˲㣬뵽԰˽ǿ߱Ƹ񲻹ϵͳЩ¡еһѾĸо
ǣ̲סԪ˸ۡ
ԪĬһ㴦ӡ
ͷۣ侲һʣû
Ԫҡͷûˡ
˶٣ٴȷû˰ɣ
Ԫҡͷûˡһܼ֣ϵͳұ壬ԪұЩס
ô棬ʧЦֺ
аɣʵϸ룬˵㣬ɴͷβԪȫģƽʱԪû˵ϵͳǰڹ¹˵㣬ҲԽԽˡȻȻеССҲԪһѧˣòܵʲô£ҲǵһҲûõĵطðݾͰݰɡ
˵ԼٿǰˣڣԪ
Ԫͷҡ
գգۣϵͳ
ԪϢ˱ǵģ
ǣȻЦЦϸ룬ԪϵͳҲͦеġ
Ԫ̧ۡ
߹ȥһӵ
Ԫʶػر
ıȻֱۡ
ԪûɣӴֱ۵
һθ˱ôǹͬţڻƵģŹŹֹ֡
ԪϵͳһγΪҲûɴֱ˱Ԫ
Ź˺üӣε˵û㡣
Ԫɿ֣ԺԸô𣿡
ЦǰҲû̹
Ԫ㻹Ըѧ𣿡
룺Ҿھͦõġÿ˵ԸͬͦԸһǸϣԼ
ԪҲ룺ˡ
˵ˣһЦ˫ۿɼ˺ܶࡣ
˵ȻڼȻ룬ȻǸ˸ࡣ
ԪϵͳϵͳԪԪϵͳɺѣǰźܷܣԺźԷ̫ͨԣڶߺ϶Ϊһȱûˣ
֮ԺǧصģԪһֱҪپԪſˣҲҪԪҪǻûûܣΪԪֱӾܸһ磬죬ԪǲʧġӦ˵֮ǰԪʵһֱһٻǰЩ¶ͦ˼ġ
ٴζһۡ
Ԫߣڸ
ҲһߣǸ֡
һʱ򣬸оָ֮ǰͬˡ
һˢϴ࣬һ˵ԺסһɣҲܸҽˡ
ԪӦһ
磺ˣ˵ҲİɣòŻȥꡣ
Ԫǡ
һ£УҸǷôģ
ԪϵͳʶϿɣȨǰݡ
Ҳԣϸ˵ԪΪײϵͳܸȻһЩȨޡǾֻĴˣǿԸģϵͳôĽָʹˣĵȻ͵ԼŬ졣
뵽⣬̲סЦԼţǲȥĶҵӣҸסˣٷܶöء
Ԫȴһһ۵ģõģ
ֱԺˡ
ԪõģС硣
磺
ССɣҲôСɱָʲôС


166 ٽ
Ժ, Ԫ֮ûκˣദȻ̹ԪΪϵͳȻи߻εʵûʧġͳͳûʧ, ȫڻͨ״̬
һҲǾ, ǽϵľ, ϵľ, һʶֳüʶţ廯ͳͳʶȫͬ¡ÿ˻ôӻȡ䣬Ͳ, ĻʶͬģûͶʲôѡ
֮Ԫദĸо
һԪֱܸԶԻҲһԪ, עе, ʱ˵ʱ, ˵˵, ʲôˣ࿴һ۾ɽպþڼ, ȻһͷˮкӾﻹһԪ󲿷ʱ䶼ڳ˯, żṩһЩ߶Ʒ
ദദţѸٵӦ, ͦ˼ġ
Ȼ, ҲûһȥȾɱȾ, Լ
һΪ˺ʵ, ΪսΪ˸õƿҲ˳׬㷨ˡ
Ҳսٶȱ֮ǰ졣
𽥵ģƽס
ֹС£ʱˡ
ʱ䣬ڼ

ɳϣԱߵԪ
ԪĿǰĿÿɱĸȾңȥòôڣƽҲɣǱ߸ȾʮңǸĳߡٶʮһ𡭡еļһÿɱһǧҲðɱꡣ
ʵϣ⻹ġ
ȾǷֲȫģǶٶĳڻʳǱкܶҪҲʲôѵصľӣÿ춼ȫɳȥɱ֡
οûбݵĽͨߡ
Ŀǰʵ۾ӺŲÿӻʳǸʼȾߣ䣬ԽԶĵطԽҪǸϵģġĶǴ⡣ǵʵֻһ۷壬һΧҲ롣
пǣɢ͵ͬطѵأʵǿʵԴεҲ˳ʹ˻ܻжһ㡭
Ա𿴻ʳĳ߶࣬ʵƽÿ졢ÿ˸ܴﵽɱĸȾݣҪǿп𽥲ʳȾǡ
ֻʱе㳬Ԥˡ
૵ǲ㲻֪һһ²Ҫȥ⻹ʲôһ񡣡
ԪͷŸȾĿ٣п˺ͻʳ˶Ӵɱȣһ֮ڱض񡣡
ε˵ұԺٻ¿ˣһ̫ˡ
Ԫûи飬ֱӱһݣɹӦںп˵ɱЧʴΪʼʮ죬Ԫعһй׬ȡ365266ң׺һй׬ȡ483258ңһй׬ȡ1229366ңһй׬ȡ81586ң̫Ǽ姼ӵܹ׬ȡ728633ҡ϶׬ȡ102689ңХ׬ȡ21055ңһ׬ȡ45122ҡٵһ׬223ҡȻʵȼͬ׬ȡķǧһݶС
Ԫʶϵͳ忴ݡ
ȻԪ˵һûõģŬһҲɱһٶȾߣֻΪЩȾߵȼ̫ͣ۸Ҳͣÿ׬ú١ԣ˵Ǹ˵Ǹĵط
һ࣬׬ķҾͶˡ׺ˡλǿߺľͱˣ׬ĶȻ־Ԫعǰȴûֵµڱʿ˶ֻǳ0ˣȻ׬ô෨ңһҲȻ˵㣬ʵǿȻˣķ֮һջڰ׻
ЩսģʵԽ׬ԽɣϡЩŪʮ࣬ĻС
ϸ˿
Сһ1ܣǸҲǶǿˡЩŮÿҲ׬٣ˣһƬȥټٵԴµһܸɵֻȾߣнﵽǧСƥ䣬ΪܣҲͲôۡ
мرƴģХȻ粻ܸߣѡ񹦷·ܷȾԴһ׬һǧ෨ң簵һٶȿʽܾ޴ÿȻХһԪţҲʽÿ׬һǧࡣҪ׬ЩǮɱĸȾĿǵնһɱĶǼ𲻸ߵģҲǴ絽ͣЪɱɱ¡
һͨеп
пŷӦոԪΪʲôҪתͷ˼ǣ׬ǮЩѾ׬òˣҲ̫ģ
Ԫͷ
ʱЦˣ˵е˵Ǹ׬һʱɣҪϿͻһ㡣룬ٸһ£Ҳҹ˼ˡ
Ԫû顣
ǣепٴνӵһ֪ͨ
λע⣺ʣ30죨ͬʱʽӦʱת֮תΪճиȾȫʱ
ɱֵļЪ˿Եſ壬׷е˼
Ҳ˵һԺμĿܾͻи£ٻ仰˵׬Ǯôͻƴһƴˡ
Ǹ԰Ϣõĵҩ/Ȫ/ҩлָĶһһȻٴͶ뵽æһеԵɱ׬Ǯȥ

ٽԪ͸ȥѧˡ
Ͽǹȥڸʻϣһ͡
ԭڼ䣬ϵҲǰ׹ģͻİʾУֵĹϵԽ˴ҲЩղĸоʱǲϱ׷ôҪ˸ǵķΧҪѲһ㣬Ȼһĥϡദʱõʱ˳µһ
Ȼʱ䲻࣬Ǵӻļؿ֮ĻѧӦȻͲһʼҪһǵĻˡ
⣬ϵĸҲòǿˡ
ԭȻ͸رµġйء
Ƶĸ˾һ鴮ϸƵķ˿ԱͬʱƵĸҩǰ£աô㲻ƽԵʣϵԱǡþײˣֹһײˡһײȺˢԱҲѷ鵱¶ȵڶаʱ˾飬飬ٴˢȻȻģԱǶԾϻм֮ģҲҳϣΪ˾ܸ㵽ĺöؽǣҲˡ
ڴǻҩ򱻾Լµ߱ڡ
ǵģѾδҪԣͿʼɫֻΪƷӣĿǰ׻ǲ̫࣬ȽѣǩͬҲϿɵģҲѡ
ߣǰ㲻ģṩӦԴߵٶȻͦġ
ھ϶ԣҪΪ˼ûаԼİΣϡϾܺܺѵ൱ڣ˽ʵʵȸվѲõ߱ڻҪһ㡣
Ҳںڼ䣬ҲĹȥԺţܷ׷ױʾлСܾŸһЩԴﻻȥŷĴ͸Ҫݡ
ܿ쵽Aſڣϰѳͣ¡
Ԫ˳
ҡ³ЦЦһȥʰ
ڰ֣òţ磬Լȥɣָܸ㶨¶
ȻǵþȥԷ
ʾû⡣
һ΢죬Ҳ硢Ԫָ
ܿ죬ӿˡ
ԪǱȥ

ǿŵġ
ǡ
ſڼֱû½ŵĵط


167 ճ
ɨһۡ
Ѽһһˮ, װһڱһƿƿ޹ޡǽϣЩЩС, ǳԵġ
, ȫܽ᣺ز
˶, ߳һ˶Ĵ߸, Цһڴ, زе࣬øϽǷַ֡
ԪҲЩ, һԼ
[С, ]
ĬȻ
[Ӧþǡ]
Ȼţ񷢶ŸлǼĹȥĶʱ, ܺˬ˵ѧҪǴز˭뵽, Ȼô񡱵أ
˵ֻһ˲, ûкţ
¶һѾı飺̫ţ, ȫǳԵ, ôԵꣿ
ţһЦں˵Ԫڵ۶зˣһȥˣܷɵ, ټҲڵ۶гʲô
ҪΪҲһδô, ȻǼԲ, ķž˲ûҲ̫˷ˡ
ҡҡͷߣӰŰӽȥ
ԪԱ߰æһ
룬ܷ浲·
СҲ, ڹЩز
һæ, ţͦ˵վһزм, ұָָ˵վǡ
һ룬վȥˡ
ţָָߣԪ˵Ԫվ⡣
ԪĬ߹ȥ
ţٿСܣȵȵȣҵȰѸĻˡ
С֪ô£ҲЦţԱһվɣ֡
ţˣͳƤĿֽ䣬ֱԪǰ棬Ƥϣֽ򿪡
Ȼһ˴Сܣʾ⣺æ
СܶˣҲһ
ţߵǱߣǰƤһţٶСʾ⡣
СЦŽԪǰƤ
ţ߻ȥֻ̳
СҲֻ̳
ţŽǡ
СܰŽԪǡ
¾ظԶˡ
ţ񣺡һֻѼ
СܣԪҲһֻѼ
ţ񣺡̳ƶ
СܣԪҲ̳ƶ
ţ񣺡һȡ
СܣԪҲһȡ
һ䶬桭
ԪҲһ䶬桭
һȶ
ԪҲһȶ

Ԫ
ؿţСصرQԪǰƤڴҲԽԽģСˮ̳̳޹ޡ
һʱ䣬֪ҲʵĻ˵
Ԫ۾о档
룬紫
[ţļˣʵϡ]
΢顣
[ȷʵʵϡ]
ȸ硢Ԫ˲ڴӵʱĸزв١ʱűƿ߽һͷëү˭
ܣ룬ûطɣ
о߽桤֡
ţһܣͦܵģãҪӷš
㶣εޱԪǰĶô¶ˣ̲סЦλϴ͸ˣҸӵķݶ
ţˬ˵ǲлʣЩҴһﳢģҪǾζԾ˵ͷٸǴ¿
ܵĺѲ٣⻹ͷһ˸زءҪǰ˵׼ˣڴҴ˹ϵͦ˵ġ
ûУơ
ţֳС֡
СܾҲȥˣܶһҡ
û죬ԪһۣĬظ԰ǰƤӰᵽķȥȻҲȥҶ
Ԫ˵³
һЦҸ֡
иСģЩ˳ԪⲻĲһնޣƽʱиæȻӦĳߣȴûСǶȸͷʲôġ
Ԫڣһ֡
˦ץһӣ֣飺ɡ
СܺţһЦˣ
ţ˵ɹɵɽˣСһЩȽ׻ˮ׼ȥϴ˸̣Լûɶ£룬ظʾʲôܸɵֻ˵

ȱĶ죬ԪܿŪһἸΧСɳһڲ輸ð˿˾á
ЦӶ
Ԫڸ絹֭ţĳեģե֭եһҲġ
Ĺ֭һԵͰե֭ݸ⼸ˡ
ʲôԼե
СģӴ˵㣺Ԫϴֻϴһû䡣
ԪͷֱĬˡ
ϴЦܺãǵȻģԪҶǼһԼŪȥеĳԻ²סǵ졣
ԪٵͷС˵öԡ
СǾͻȻʿЦôһ˵ʱеġ
һûôоλе㲻Ծǵ÷żǰֱӹܶԷֵģ͡С硱͡Ԫˣ˻ȻȺ˺üȵĸо
ֱˡ
类ǿе㲻ڣʲôûӣ
СæʾȽ¡
Ҳæʾͬ˫ɡ
ţһʦ̵İɣиֽһͦĺֵܣ
СƳһţĬỊ̆ͦǼֽͦҲǸֽֽεĻԲεľ˵׼ˡ
һեܼ֭˵ԣֽһͦ
磺
ⶼʲô߰ģ
ĲԺ󣬴ҲͲٷϻÿӿɾ̶ѪյкǳԶһСľǣøǳĽ֡Ȳܱģ˵
һ룬˿⡣
һ죬΢΢üе졣
ˣȻԳһ
ǳǳҲô쳢ϸֱ棬⻹ǺƽģҲͨʲôʳġܸôԭܿǡѬӵ˵⡣
ʳĽζãСֱܺӾ޲ˣԲۣ˭գ̫ó˰ɣ
ţͦ⣺ҽգɣ
Сܺ棺ţ㻹н㣿׵ģ
ţһһ⣺ôͲнˣҸ˵Ҳн㣬ҽ㻹رƯմѧҵûãҹء꣬ϼҶѬζԪ粻Ǹ˱Ʒ˵ãҪѬλϴҽ˳ְæֵ³ľǺóԣŪøã͸ɴ඼ˡ˵ҽգ١
ҲԵûûһĴָ˵˲ȷʵóԡζҪԼҵˣѬͷҴҼ˶࣬رү̣ͺһζ
ţһ֣ٵۣҽС
˵ǿɲ
磬ڳ˹Ϻ󣬲ȷˡ
ζЩɹɵɽҲһ˿֭Ҳһ㣬ǵõĵе
룬ֱ˵պر𡣡


168 
⻰һ, ̹ӿĵļ˶߿˹
رţ񣬲ʣҽرôر
˶ûʲôᣬͬô, Ҷ֪Ԫͨ˲һ, ֻͨպã˵պþ, òʲôررġ
ţܡСܿǼĹȥĶ, Ҳײƽܼ, е㵣Լҽˡ
翴ţĵǣ˵ʲô¡
ţ΢ɡ
ͼ˵ؼŨ, ֪ɣ
Ἰappģֶ¼, 㶼ס
Ǹɴصͷ
˵ڳ˺ܶߣʵΪ̳ԶŵѪΪܶѡ, д󲿷ָ߲ͬʽţЩز棬Ҹ֪ˣʳĻͨʳģǾֵһ, зǳ΢, õسԶкôġҲΪ, ſԿھѵʱ仹, ˵׼Լ֪Ȱˣ
˵, ˸ӡ
ܺ, ţ񻹿һ׷ʳʲô
˵ӡ
ܣ
ţ񣺡
Сܣ
̿Ȼͨĳ, ӣ֮Լʵܿ죬Ūĳʳʮ㣬Ըߡ߻Դ뿪ר߻߳Է˽ҲǿԵġ֮һ仰ţ磬ڣǼˡ
ţ۾һҽô£
ƶ˵˾Ųʮ
СܺܶʱĽˣ
˰ţ磬ǼҲˡ
ǣţҲ̫ţˣţİţ
ţط˸ۡ
糯ЦЦţ磬ҺԪĹȥķۣû
ţ˵Ȼˣһȥ͸ˡ
Ȼ˵ǷҲеҲȷֶţ˵ˣԺҪ߳ģ֪ûȤѰ¹㲻˵ҹͬѰҸ϶ǩĺͬҪǩġҲ˱Ľ飬ȥѰҲУ˾ͻǳһֻ֯϶appǹҰģҲⲿš⣬ⲿźҪ˲ţһ㣬ӦҲġ
ѰļŰţ̾ӦǺܿǷ侲ˡѰ˽˼ţⲿǳԻģǰӦԴУʤڿɽҺȶ
ţţͦм
ѵ»ϴѵģû˵Ѱľп飬ǹ
ţʣҽǲǸϴķйأ
Ц˵ûйϵȷϵ̫ô˵ɣǷںܸ߼ıƷûһŨȵѪڣôȷҲûõġȻ룬һģҲȷˣôûѣΪѪŨȸߡ㲻ȷۣܾѻٸһСʱ䣬ŨˣҲһѡ
ţȻҲԡ
ѹʲôûѰ
Цˣն˵ûС
ţʧص㻹ȥδӵ⡣
Ȼһ˵õģ֪ô£ţã˵ѰõġϴⱾ£ݹapp̳ûиģƽʱЦеģɲʲô¶ģеɲ⡭οиԪϴҲɲ⣬ԸϴӰģóĶⲿ׽ҺòƴԴʱͨԴ뻹ģԴĻܵõٰɣλϴĲŪĶ࣬˸ٰ˵õĿܻ
ȶȶģһӣֻҪڣҲرҪ⡣
ţתúܿ졣
ô˵СʵͦæģֻС꣬ҲһִɺˡԵôҲþҸõĳ·С
ţϸ׵ʱһѣŷֹĲ˶챻ˡＸڳԵȻ죬ȫûи˼
ţ۴мȥʼһֵˡ
Сʱ
˶ˣἸͨ˵ɳϣӹжѾǳѡ
Ԫ粢缷һɳһե֭һȹ֭ôڵģҲ
ţ˸öˡ
ϴ˵ҽΪѪųߵģʲôѪѪҼǵùŴмİɣǵĺˣ
üԱߵԪ
ôԪʱڿˡ
Ѫ
ţ񼸸һ㶡
ݡˣ
֪һľȡģʲôϵ
˵ľȡʳҲ˵ʳķߡ
ټһ˵ʵϲϵĵһӰ
ΪѪľߣţıӦǾʳĶܾۼͬʱҲζ̶Ȱɡ

õ㹻Ϣ֮ţԱܶˣͻط˸绰
Ҳ֪㵽ʲôľǣܲȸϾܼһ档ڼܻţƴڻ˵Ҫţ߶ȥȥҲУţƻȥˡȷʵҲǸõطң㲻ȥⲿţţҲǸžϵġ
һţĻף㶼ǸڽѰģ΢ҲͲΪʲôҪôˡѪܹҲܺɹףӣ˭ܱ֤ţһĳӾôһܶģѰȴδҪܶ࣬Ҳһ㹻ˡ
ڵܲǩͬţ϶ϰһ˵ġ
ֱӴӦϵˡ
Ǳڷչڿŵ߻߲ܣοӣԷĵܸܵܵѣŶȸߡ
ټϣϺжϣȻһڴӦѸԼ˼ʱ䡣
ţĽ㡪ţҲǸˬˣΪڵ۶ѸʰһʹԼĵһЩزˡܲٴܵٶɣĸ˼г⡣
Ȼھϵİ£˫Ѹٻ潻̸
Ϊ߶гԵʣ˵˵ӦĴţԥؼѰǩúְ֮ͬȵõ˾ϸһŷļ
ţϵȻȲܵܵĺãɢϢرϲʹϣԾϱʾܣʱԿʼ
ϲϻְԱֱӴţһС
Сر𿪷ģûӳȥھϸɴͲˡĿľǣѰµߺǵļ
ţΪ˲ţֱӸһС
۶ģС
ضλͦã۸֪
Сȷʵ󣬿סţһȴǴ´ģţǩºͬĸ֮һ
ȻҲѰһЩĴˣ࣬Ĵͻһ֡ʵѾȽǿģָվѵĻܺͨģǲõĺôġ


169 
ţڵ۶, ܵţһ󣬵ʱûи֪ڵ۶ѾһС¡ţԸ˹һ˵, ͵˵ڵ仯, ͺܶණҪһʾˡҲܵʱ䡣
⣬ţһǼʱˣǱиԵĲҵҲһȫᵽ۶
СװֱӸ㶨, ţס, ֱӰ˽ȥ
ţϢչæ, ˬءݺݵ˼ͷܵ, Ժĩ͹Ҵ֣͵֪𣿡
ʹȴϰ˵ţ¶һˬҵЦݣ֪İɽ㡣
ţܸжٴļ
ţǿˣ˻
ţĿǰܡ
Ϊһδ, ȻҪӵʳ֣Ѹٵؽ˹״̬, ʼŬϤɾÿ͹ġһЩ̫ʶʵࡣ
˵Щⶼպֵ, ǰľûãҪţԼķ⡭ɡ
ǵ, ţ֮Դô, ʵΪǼ˶ó, ţҵ䷽ҪɫһЩ, ǱߵҲܲܶ˵Ķ͵سɸʳƷӹӹȥġ
ţڼȻоʳôÿһ϶ǵģڻûŪʵʱѬⲻ̫ʣʹ֡
һţһߺܸп
Ҳ֪ⶼʲô⣬ʱǰֹЩ̫ˣ㻹ûʼƣһѪڵĸо
ţ̲סؿʼʳĶ֡
ԼڵѪڴߴǵءӡ
ǺöҲ֪ģͷϰɡ
ȳƷôҲ򼸽ȥ貹塭
С˵öʹһģһҲܾأ
ţζҲС
ţſĶˡ
ۿĵطεָơ󣬶ЩΪһ㣬ؽ벻ͬʳ治õġͻġкĶ

ṩţֵˣȻ磬ҵʲôպֵĽڣֻΪڻѡ
ЩṩпǣڸԵԵ//Ұ/޵ȵȡ
ûѡƷߵģչ۴˿׵⣬Ԫİ΢ָһԵض˾ϡ
ģһֿ⡣
ϿˣѸٷӦȻܣҲɡһ仰Ҳûʡ
ûݣѰžֳµġ۶ӡ
ǳһصġĹԱЧҳϵԱ齨΢ȺȺɾεļΪȺ͹Ա
ȻȺͻȻͳһСÿĩȡʮλԱһɻ⡣
Աǣ
˵ǺܳʵȡⲦһȥͰѸԵˡ
һԣֱǾΪˣ
ûԹôóԵ/ɣ
ֻǺóҲˣ˼֮ԱǾϲطԼ˺ܶ࣬ϰƣм˺ܶ࣬ԭԽԽʵĺȦ࣬һЩΪǶϳСߵ㣬Ҳʧ˺ܶ࣡
ԱŮԱںԼֵģеõ˷鴮Աż˽´һЩϢʱ䣬ԱǶʱ;Ǽɲرǵܣʲôܰ
һĩٴγȡԱʱ˾ر˷Ҽ޲õڶԼģ
Աμӳ齱ֻΪ˴ȤһһôĻ֪è壿ʱҲż
ڶԱһûغϣһĻͼ˺ô/ƭ֡
ֻϧûгɹ
ھһʱġĶǡǲſͨһڲĹ
һС㶨ֻȺԱ򣬻޹۸ͬ/ĺüǣȻӦ
ԱǣЦⲻȸֱƷ˶ˣµһϰ壡
ͬʱⲿŵһҲյһԾϵЩأϵߣȥܵܵߣйĲųԱȡȻֻɻ⣬Ƕʶģһ۾̺ܿĵȻҲ˵ˡ
žյһͬĶ׵ĺ߾ϡҲһЩߣ˶ĺôתͷ֪֪ʲôû뵽ֻܻ֪ϧһֵıѰȥˣҲû취˭þиõܵأһǺúúɡ
СܣһֱһأһֱǰСҲڿһѣԼֱǮֱӴϴ˺Щɻȥ͸š
Ϊʲô⣿
Ǻ̵ģ˭֪ɳԺ᲻ë

һʱ䣬ܿ͹ȥˡ
Դ֪ϵͳԪſʲôƵģӸˣÿҲ졣ʱпǶֶظλżˢˢҶ׬Ǯˣûж⣬ʱʱʱȥȾҲһʱ䣬֪䣬ʱˮˡ
һ죬»ԪһС
ʶģͷԡ
վһɫӰûʲô鲨ͷ·һƵģ׼ֿ̰塣
ǣڵɫӰѾĿģˣ¶һͬĴĥһϸ׼ȷƫУֿʮ˳۵ס
Ԫס
̲סЦˡ
û׵ϵͳǰûʲôΪǹģԪϵͳʵѾǿˡΪڿϵͳԪһģһ˫ƽ޲۾ʼն͸¶ֻŻ׵
ڷ翴ʱԪϵЦ⡣
գգۣԪµĿˡ
ԪҪſ
ǣʮŰ׿Ͷ뵽ĿǰеѾСǧС
Ԫͷ
һ룬ǰһƶתʮŰɫſֳ
ָһ㡣
ʮŰ׿˲仯Ϊʮ⣬ֱ˲ͬġѾŻ
ûпȥݣҲûҪͶʲôˡ
ЩеĺüһŻеŻȴǹһſûС
ʮŰ׿ȫͶȥԺЦˣʮŰ׿ͶţʮµСǧ硣
Ԫٴλ⣬۳ʮŰ׿
Щ׿ͬͶŶȻжʮµŻԻѾſͨ
˵ʮź쿨ʮµǧ硣
Ԫá
ʮź쿨Ͷ硭
ʮǧ磬Ȼ
ͷԪˮ
Ԫһ㡣
ǰȻһˮǽӵֱðϣ̿Ϊһƽ档
⡰ˮϷѾʾ龰

еĴſڣʱͳһ桢ɡϲҡӰеΣеȴࡣ
ڴԹ۲еЩ½ؿʼж
еĽԼߣƺʲôϢе΢սԼֵˣ׼Ƚ̸䣻еĴͻȻʲôƵģϽǱȥ


170 ¿ǣ1
С߳, һӣ涼ʱƵҩҪȫˡָԼѪ, ˸ɣܲ۳ҩԵĹ, Ѳʱ, ŪЧûζͬġ
ΪʲôҪô
ʵԭܼ򵥣ΪύĺѰס
СԼ֪ԼԸǲú˵˽ʱҲᡣôԼҷС⣬ûйϵȽϺõˡû뵽ΪпȪԸȪʲôͬ, һ壬ʶһرõкӰ, Ըֱܹ, ֲ˼
ԣСԼû˵ȴϲѣˣ, Alphaˣ
ϧڵ̫Σ, ֺƶ, лʱ, ÿ춼ôعȥԸȾֹ, ÿ춼۵òС
С۵, ȥ, ܾ֮ǰ׵ҩ͸ɴһͷңŬϰҩˡǸģͶҩȽϸȤŬһЩҩķš
ҲΪСĽܿ죬ṩʺϰ׵ҩûġ
ڣСʱˣ׼еȵȰס
Լˣÿ춼ضʱ棬Ͱҩ״ȥ̫ˣҪ㹻ҩܱ־ڸȾϢʱ򣬲ŲΪƣעⲻʱܵΣա
ֻСһҩʱƽʱ˵㣬һ͸ɴǰ߳ˡ
һŸʯ㳡ǱȥСһ
еĴſڣͻȻ˺öι״ˣ
رǣرͻȻߵǰ
˺ӯŴɫɴزλȫЩط׺źܶɫÿҶƬƤѩһףҲǳÿȻϢֵĵ۾ҲǴɫģĺˮԾ΢΢زֿֿɰĸо
ֵĻǣʱһûУֱ˵С⸱ĳ࣬ŵŹ֣
ҺãСֺܿ췢ִֹܴ⣬ĿںӦʣ°
ֹ￪ˣҲȪˮ봺磬죺ãҽа죬Ǹ顣ҲеĿ𣿡
Сգգۣ˵ĶпˣǻڣҲ˵еĿˡĿˣ
ˣȺй˵ܿоͻкܶ¿˹ģڶЩֵġˡܶǰɡ
СдǱ߿ȷʵͦĺļһһǸģûϤ״ţӦöĿˡ
Сע
С顣
۾ģĵط𣿡
С㶣Ҫô˵ҲûſӦöϢݸ˲Ŷԡ
ͷ룺е㸴ӣЩ̫ףҿ𣿡
Сʵĵͦãʱ䣬־밢׹ĻаСʱӣҲʹӦҹ£ڿԴ㵽Ҫʲô׵ģҲҡ
¶һĵЦݣлл㣬װѡ
С
ȻСžȥһԻǮٴȥ˹У˳ȪݵĵطĵطſһЩ򵥲עſѵȵȡ

֪䣬һЩĿҲۼС򵥽˵ǴſõϢӦˡ

翴ĳϴ΢Ц
˼ǵüǰһܶ˵ʱŰŮպĸ¿˽ģһн۵OmegaҲʱˡ
עСϣǿµĿǡ
ͶĶʮŰ׿ʮź쿨˴硣
׿ӦСǧֵͲ⣬ֱоŸ0磬1磬2硣
0ĸŴ磬ִ磻1УŴ磬ִ磻2УǼ磨йأһŴ磬һŴ磬һִ硣
ʮź쿨ǧǼ磨ֱ34磨3磩ĸ磨һ34һ5һ磨5һħ磨5
ǧǼ嶼ѾƲʲôĵˣͨǰѿƼһģΪҲٽǹŴ磬дִãΪִռݵĳɷֺܴԲǼָ
翴Ĵͺеп
ǧ翪Ĳˣﵽ5ҲֻѣȻˣɹףҲûʲôµ͡
м磬еȤ
Ȥ㲻ͣǸϵˡ
ͱ硭
翴һ3硣
类ٻĿˣħԨķ֮顣

ѾܾˣĿǰҲԶԶû߿ʼʱ䣬һжǷƽ˾ƽġ
籣ֺƽˣǷ֮顣
ǰħԨ緢ܶаħڴ½ǿħ֣ʱСԿаħֻΪаħѪʳһƬ
ȻСȴܻһЩرˣôһߣܶˣһо˶˵ѪƳһħ֮񾻱ƿ
ƿ飬¶ûж
ƿħԨϿգۼ֮֮ħϢаħħԨ֮¡ͬʱⱦƿɼһЩ֮ƿΪԪҺԪҺкܴĺôƷЩӽȻȻƷʲϲ٣ɽ3۳ĺöҲ൱ѵˡ
磬Ǵ2𽥽3ģ
ڼ䣬ƿ֮ز˶Ȼܵ𽥳ǣҲԼ·ʽ
ܼį˹ݷӴ
ǵģƿиռ䣬ƿ֮ʱΪӢİ꣬ʱСкʱϺʱ̬Щ˵İݷãƾ飬һЩԪҺ
ƿֱܷ֮ݷߵԷĻмеΣôܻ͵㶫Ｋ˽ϵϢɾʲôõͷôһӣͰ˸ˡ
ˣǸܶ˶֪ôһƿ֮飬ֻҪҵͿԵõĪĺôҲпܼʹҵˣҲֻᱻԷ𡭡
ڣʼձıƿ֮飬Ȼõһź쿨
ı廹ǸѹħԨ壬ȴܹУӶ硣
ԣƿ֮ſִɲǣѾ˲ãȻȲؽСһλӢ̬

עƿ֮飬ʵǾԪеơ
һǰ¶֪ıƿһǾǵϵͳȻԪϵͳʵϣӦҲ繲֮ͬ


171 ¿ǣ2
ʲô, մһ顱֣Ե˼Ի۵ö, ͻǣȻһ̬ЩɾҲкܶ˵
3鱦Ȼܸϵͳ, ¶̽ıƿ֮, ٻôһ΢ĸо
ԪǲҲԪһνǡΪѵʱ, ǲҲôһ޴ĸо
ǲɻ, ԪһԿڣû޴롣
ʶתͷԪ
Ԫ˵һֱ㣬ƿ֮鲻һ
㶣ȻЩ
ԣԪƿ֮ǲһģΪԪһֱһ

еģ˱ƿ֮, мε顣
Ʃ3硶˷һֻѰƩ4硶ؼ䡷һֻͨƩ3Ǽ硶Ǽʻ״ʦһͷǿ̡
ȻεҲ˵ġ1Ŵ硶ͼеһͷ꽩ʬ
ͷ꽩ʬ⣬ǻڣıQQһһҲһرķ羰ˡǿ¶, Ȼǻ۵ģȻҲǸСԸӴӴ, ûúͿ뿪ˡ
ѰͰͨܻȥ, Ȼͱ˴˻, Ѿյһһߴߴ
طŴĻ棬ԭô̵ʱѾ˺Э
ֻѰеƫƣóѰֲͨóκֲɾƣԡһļˡ
üĿɨˣһ˧ɾĴкϣϸȥЦﻹ͸һЩ󣬸˵ĸоȴֹۣӦǸͨ͸е㺦ߵˣңӦҲǺġ˭뵽һкڵǸȻһȫ硢޲ûȫأ
һ͵ġΪԼνƻҸȻڻɵĴɣڻûǵ֡
ɱǣûնݳġƷ

Ǹ¶ģļСʱ˹ߵģѾǵˣֻĸ谮һӡ󣬸һЩůһ㰮󣬳ɳΪһůˡ
ĳɼܺãҵ˳ΪһŵʵϰΪӦܿҹɫԺܿתˡһʶԼͰݵġҵϰ壬һЩû뵽ǣϰȻһ飬еȴϵ׷
һʼûϰ׷ǷԺ󣬾;ϰ㶵ÿɰֻȷԼǲҲϲϰ壬ȷԼǲǿϲˣ빼ϰ⣬Ի˼ϰҲûѹֻǶãҲӱ׾׷
ĶⳤģҲûôֱʱƣ𽥷ԼǶĵġ
ǰʽϰ壬ϰҲΪѡ
ϰɶܺã˵ڹϵȷϰˣϰһѡһܰĶҡǲϲ̫ΪСһŸܰҲǡеװޡ
Ӻܿװ޺ˣ޺ĲϣϰһȥҲа£ײķӣҲΪļҡ
ãԼûôҸ
ҲЩһԼˣعԭļͥѣȶܰ;ãҲˡ
ȻôҸĳһ죬ͻȻ˺õءһŰɫĿƬҪΪĽָ
⻹ᣬʢĺģһСģ͸ָˡ
ȻΪСĵط˸Ϣ֪еǸʲôָıʲô
²عк⿴Լſ壬֪ôģһиڴߴľ鹺
˺һԼǱʶ˼һеԼ100ˣȡ1000ҡ˵4975100˶˵ȫʲôˡ
Ȼ1000ȫȥľ顣
Ȼ֪ԭ磬ܸ䡷

Ժ󣬡ܸ䡷񳱣ĳˢ£д֮һ˻ܣӴܹȡΪߣΪˡЩмܼǿܿΪеٮٮߣٵһǿߡ
رʹֲٷֱܲ죬ʹܶʹãҲЩ춯ֲΪĵˣҪȥսߵĴڸҪˡ
ӴԺĸַı䣬׼ٴλ֡
ʱͳΪٵһǿеһźǣ籦ǻмӵǸޱǿˣ磬ȴûоܡǮҲܳɫλ˲˺ü㼶Ҳıߣ˱Ᵽŵˡ
粢û˾;ԼɺһԴ⡣˿ôǿ綼ʼһضԴѸٵԼ·ʽȥƴרΪ⴦ڹûк֮ǡ
İչúܿ죬ҲɾúҸΪһǿ飬ڲܷʲôº󣬶ܹѸٵ侲һõ̬״̬
ȥǿԹͬ齨һģƫƫʱ򣬵۶׼ҷʧĺӣϵ⣬ϣܹع׼ҡ
׼˱ʾ⸸ĸԸ
ʱⲢ֪ĸĸɰ׼ȴҪ׽˴Ӱ׼ҵõУĸ˽뿪ϧ׼ҲϷŹǣû㼸ͱ׼ҵڶܰ׼ҵ;г˳Ҳʱ˹ߣ䵽¶ԺҲΪܵĴ̼е󣬼伫ģ
⶯ˣһֱǿ˵ģȥװĵһֱѹһݶ˵ĿĽȻҲ׼ҿܲǺܺõȥİʵ⣬ʹ׼ʲôƣҲ޷ǿˣҲû
׼һ⣬ȷʵҲûʲôġ
Ҫȥһ֮Ů׳׼ңȻͿܲ˳ۡ׼֣Ƕ˵ֻǲΪòģҲһھܾ׼ҵ͹ĸ飬ΪѾģͶǵĺ硣
⿴ʬʹൽ˼㡣
ֱʱף̫̰ǵٵ飬ʧȥԼˣҲԶʧȥҸ
ˣԼ׼ңͻȻı硣
˴ġ⡱ҲҪǸ˵ġסգ¾˰׼ҵˣ˳׵ġ񡱣Լȡ
µѪ磬׼ҵĸҲһЩ˳׿λڶ˵߾ǿ󵽺ֵز
Ժ󣬳̳ǼµвƲ£Щ׼ͽʵвбĴַ򣬽ǿʵЩͽʼƻԴƻ¾κһҳǰߡ
ûǳĶ֣ŨصӰȴûκֻӰ´
ֻǳû뵽׼иԵӵиͺС˽ӣǸӵܻܺģ˽ȴܺá˽ӽһΪ游ױ̣뾡취ǿܣʺܺãǡáǡ
ǳˣ˪úǿ󣬸һս
ջС

⡰еľ飬岻Կصءҵز
ͺһֲجΡ


172 
ڵ, ȫĵسҸ֮УͻĹδľ飬һ, ·ʧȥҲһһ
һֱǴģҲûƭ
ȷʵ, Ҳȷʵа׼, Ҳȷ˲̰ġԭҲ̫Ҹˡ

ϰ壬һֱ㽶󣬳ΪİԺ, ķ涼ǿָУҲĽ
ڻûнܾãⶼѾԼⶼů, ȥһʱ䣬統Լľ֧ΪĴڣһȱ, 𽥷Լ㣬𽥸Щ㡣
ǰֻǱ΢Ķ˵ζŬһĺ, ʵϣһܸط, ԼӵһõòȥԵ, ⲻ޼᲻ݣʻġһ, ͰѴͶע, ѧϰϵƷ, رüǿ
ǻᱻԼȱ, Ҳ⣬ȥҲǿ󣬻иƵԸ
ǣͻȻıˡ
һֱߣҲɻ⣬ҲͬἳȡϵȻʱ򣬰׼ͻȻ
׼Ҹ⹹˺ܺõĸĸû˵ǰ׼ҵıĸĸ˵⸸ĸİԼ׼ºѰҹ⡢ֻǵϢʧȵȣֱΪǷ׼ҵƣȷҵˡ
ĸĸ㹻õģڰ΢ĺǻҸޱȣҸüʹûҲ㹻ˣȴҲ֪˵ϢҪҸһ㣬Ҫ˰˶ߡ
ܰ׼ң˵׻ǱȰ׼ҸҪ
ǶģҲϣܵõ࣬׼α׼ΪĺôһֱαװȥԸҲһֲ䡣Ҳǿ󣬼ʹٷְ׼ҵαҲʲôˡ
ֻǣû뵽׼ô޴ֶӣҲȥ󣬴еԸٵۣȫ̮˵ʱѾͨ⣬ƤĹħ
ڲƻͬʱҲڲϵľôҪ磬ҲڵȴһɱԼˣԼȥžۡ
ֻǸ˲ǰ׼ҵ˽ӡ
ˣĿ

ס͸ˮָԼһкĻΪĹҲͣȲҪȥ磡
һ룬Ӱʧ
翴ˮı֣ҡҡͷ
Ԫ˵ô
Ԫ˵ȥ硣
̾ұģһûˡ
Ԫ˶٣ȥҰ׼ұ𡣡
̣̲סЦˣҲöҷˮôԡ
Ԫû˵
磺òôҷˮɣ
˵⻰תͷԪ
Ԫޱ飬һ۾Ϳ롣
ΣҾǿЦˣҿڵɡ
Ԫͷָˮһ¡
ɲǼ䣬ԭеĻͬˮһɢģѾվԼ⡣

ϻˮѰҡ
һ죬ⶼûϰ࣬еǶʱ䣬ǳȥˡ
ûдãȥȻûҵģ̫ľӣһʱûӦûһȥ̿磬Ҫˡ
һجһ޷ŴŻǡ͵ת߽ġźüӵĸߴˡ
⼸޷Կص˹ȥ§ס硣
ʶض˲ˣ§ס⣬ο˵Сôˣج𣿡
ľ䣬޵
ˮʪ죬ģһʱҲסˣæƣߵɳϣḧĺ󱳣СʣôˣﲻˣǲΪһˣǽ쿪ţϲСŶʱ˵㡣ˣһѹѹ
ȴ׾Ȱ˵ȴԽԽܣ޵øˡ
û취һһߺ壬ԼԽԽ岻סֻñᣬĺס
أ侲
һ̣ԽԼԸϵ㣬ʹֻǿ鶼ƲסԼʧȥ磬һͲ˵ġ

Ԫ˴硣
ˡ
ʱˮϣ龰ˡ
û취ȻոԪߵĳһֻ⵽ˣˣһ󱬿ޣ
統ʱ飬֪ݡ
ģ
Ԫػ棬ʾԺʱ֪˿
ڣԪˡ
ǾͿɡ
Ԫٵͷ
ˮϵĻ棬ʱٴתΪ硣

һ˫۶ˡ
ȥšëϣⲻԸ뿪磬ֻðⱳôȥˮֶС貢һëСšɣⱧڻ
ܵۿڵĴУᡣ
˵𣿡
Ƶصͷ
ûдߴ١
˺һԲ𡣡
粻̫ףһûڼҶѣʲôԲأ޳Ҫô֣صظǸ
뵽黹ǻ۵Ϣ磬ǱԼһһػ䣬ذѵõſ֮£ȫ˵˳
ֻܰڻص

ҲĻգգۣ湻ʵģҲ
Ԫ˵ˡ
ͬ
ԲҲҪΪbossˣڿǳֹûʲôͨˣʵϲйĿļܣȷҪʲôԺһǰרעˣû񳱣ܻԼԺҵϲãȻǸСĳɾ
ڵֱڸ米о飬ֹûͼӴףֱһֲ
磬һʼϸ˵̫ɺԽԽףıԽԽء

˵ˣ绳ﲻҶ
侲ˣҲ᲻
ʲôʲôſ췽ҹ̷İɡ
ǣǸ˲䣬ͱ⣬ڻ
Լû֣˵ˡȴеʱ͸֪ʱҲڷҵط
§⣬û˵ֻǲϵְ
ĲͣԺſ˵Բû׼Ҫҵһˡ
ûлĻҲûΪⱻк⣬ͬûΪˣô¶⡣
ֻǵǸѴԼϡ
翴ҲȷĴ
֪Ըģ̫ԸԼԱ⣬ŷʧȥԺ󣬱ǿĳ˾񣬱Ǹ˲ӡҲ֪׼ҲʲôöȴԸΪֻҪʵǿᱻƾͿԣΪ׼ĴôҪ˼һϵĶ͹˰׼ҵ޴û
Ը㣬ѵûҲеġ
ܺڣ֪Ҫôȥġ
֮İ顢֮ദѾ״̬
ⲻΪʲôҪǸ˵ҵĴ
ûзҲûиȥ˭Ĵ⣬ֻǱ⣬̾˿˭Ĵͨˣˣڲǿȥа취ġ
ȻĲˣǾԼǿ
ǿԲȣǿɿԱ⡣


173 ¿ǣ3
翴ˮ˻ŵ, ü
ӦòзbossˡԶ׼Ķ࣬Ҳ˼Ԥ׵ģڻаŻ, ѾῪʼһЩ׼, , дŵġڿ֮޴仯ҲдԴĵط, ҲӦûǰ취Ū֡
⡭
룬Ǹ2, Դڿ֮ȴҲһЩĺöڡӦû뷽跨һЩУΪеĿˣȻ취һ׬㹻ķҺ, ͿԹ򹦷ԴѸʵһȿ񳱿ʼʱ, ޷ܣҲ˰ʱټֻҲܰ׼, Ƿǲٳִ˵ġ
Ŀ˶ˣ翴˸׼˺ܶ࣬Կ˵Ը񣬻ܰǺΪ¶Դˡ
һԣԪȥ
Ԫ˼ǿˡ
Ȼ, һˮ, ˮϵĻ»صеʯء
ҵСŮԾ5ħ硶ħʿİ, Ǿ֮ɭĹʵѾﵽ˶ףѾΪǿߣȴǸҲкĵľ顣Ȼ֮˼ͨ͸Ǿ鹫ͨԴһϢжϳԷǷ⡣
ɣѸҵСǸ֪СǸֺ˵塣
Сûð칫ʧȷʵظ˺ܶࡣ
λӡ󲻴ԷĽ־еϧ
Ϊ

ħʿµľǸС
Ҳֱ²ɲôо˻ǹ̻ʥŮҲϹŮķʹ칫йһγҵ˵ס칫Ҳֻ˶ѡ
λħʿȫħ˫ޣͰ칫ʶʱ뾫֮ɭɢ֮ɭƵȻϵħϢŹζʹ칫Ͳ˺øСټȤĬô
֮ս󣬾鹫ΪȻŮͽԵʣòվڶ棬ֲԸ˺Ը¡
ҲǸϧԸڳΪ֮˰칫ҲЩŮˣŮԺ͡
Ȼ칫ΪԵʣΪѾ˯ȻŮʹǹŮ񣬰ʹһߵȻŮѣһ߼ءˡ쳤ؾõģԶˡ

΢顣
Ըķ羰Ժⵥ˳㿪һ۽磬ҪһĹƥϰɡСô̸࣬ĻһҲͿ缸ôһҵõģᲱ棬Ҳ͵İ
뵽⣬ֿһۻ¶Ҷӵľ顭ðɣıǡ
֮Լһɡ
Ϊ̾һעȻһرֲˡ
أĿֲϣһ·ֲ˴߳ŻСӡ
˲ۡ
ֲͣһű˵¿ͷĵطûô䣬ﰼȥʵǿһ仨ֲɫʰë׵̣ͺ䶯ġƤëëƤ˺ȥƵģ˺ëҪֲζ·Ǹմ򿪵ͷһھˣֲﰼȥĻ³һںںڵͷȻǻҲֲмֵĲ֡
磺
ôѿֲܸ͹ģ̫ǼںϺ󣬱ҩֲҪܶҩֲ̫Ǽҩֲо˺º˿ԷںڵͷǣںڵĻȻǿͻƾ绹˳ϴؿĺö
λŻʿ費иġֲֽԼЯĻġµǣʿϴЦݣŻĶһ㲻ǿΪӢգʵеӳɡɡ֪ôݡ
ʿûͣһּ˸߲ҵ̬ȣŻֱӱУȲҪʲô
ĬĬԪ
ԪĵأˮĻʿߡ

ʿлԣֺܳȣŲȴ졣
뿪кֱվһصġʿʯĶȻԥֱɽȥ
ɽϣиصݡ
أҲ·ƽƽ棬ʵǺѵõֲɵݷǳ̣ÿһ涼Կ󷨣൱֮ߡ
ݵĺһƬڰڵС԰ӣ濪ѳһĶֳַɺ̬ܶСԣͬĵźֲֲܶͬ
ʱ򣬴߳һʿ
ڰ׵ͷݣȻ㣬ƺÿһ㻡ȶдšᡱ֣һͲǸǵ
ʵҲˡ
λʿйˬڵ
ڿԱQԺ󣬹ˬıһ˲ĽӲѸپѵԶ·Ӧף㲻ׯأ
Цݵسֻѵ⵱ɶԷ磬ԺױƵİ⳯ǰһֱͣӵݵ˹ˬƤӵ¡
رˣ˵ʦϲֲѰТʦʦµһƬТģ
ˬˬ̣ǿάסΪʦ棬ûеʾš
У̫ˡΪס˹
˿̵ĹˬеֵһƫƧĽȥѹһ仰˵ˡǣ˵ȥʱΪʦУ㡣
ɺܿģǣʦ𣡡
ȻͱQţQɽȥˡ
Ӱ󣬹ˬűӱŻ裬ݡһֱ԰ӣѸҵһ䣬ñװٶȰֲȥ
ԱߵļСмӭչֲһһѿѿ꣬Ȳӭչ⡣
ؿӣˬȦ΢΢졣
ôôôô󣿣
һֱΪһѾùˣû뵽Իһġþ֣ÿһûҲˣɻÿһζˢ³ޡ
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôҪһôģ
ˬĲףΪʲôΨһĵӻϲֲƫƫÿһҪԼʱ򣬻ǱֵôТЦôãͲ˵ʹ˶ԥĴˣѾ˵ˡ
ÿһΣÿһΡ
һεĳͻ˹ˬ
ˬۿˡ
Ѹ˹ʹתʮܣڻָ糣
ڴ˿̣ˬٴΰθߡ
־ԽԽǿˣ᲻ɴݡ

磺ۡ
ûסЦˡ
ǼĲ㱻ˣһλֻ̤Ľ׵ܣȻ㱻Լҵġ滨ݡޣʵ̿
Сħв𡷵磬Ծǡʦˬеĳڡ
ˬܳΪʦҲбƸģھǸ鹫¹ֻ֪ʵͦϲݲݵġ
ǣˬнˣżЩ滨ݣһؿˣ֪ʦϲá
ϧƫƫܲɡ
һΣԿǹˬѣˡһⶺĳ
ԻȻ򣺰Ҷˡ


174 ħؼ
ˮеĻ滹ڼ
ˬԼԺ, ˵ĵط
ѵºϰ£ֻһ볤̵Ŀӣվһɽٲ, ɼˮˢԼ塣
ҵˮ, վȵ, ϸ, Էһʱˡ
ͬʱ, ԵҲĳˢ²ϵرǿ, Ѫһŵٲˢʱ, ϵ͸, ʵ
ø, ͻȻ䣬Բʲô̧ͷ, ߸˵ؾ³ʦ𣡡
ǵ, оĶʦˡ
ˬһˮ̶ϡ
ô˵ĺ۽һ顣
ˬ˵, ʼյĿУ
ûκ, Ҳˮݵؾʹˮ̶˳Ȼ˦˦ͷʪܵվ˹ˬǰ
ˬˮŪɡ
Դ˵, ʦ𣡡
Ȼһת, ʱȫ͸ˡ
ˬһֻ, ˵ɡ
۾һ, 漴˫磬γӰͰѹˬУ
ˬ¶һЦ
ţֻ֣еӰס˻Եĺ󲱾ôһӡ
ء
ֻһ죬Ծͱʦôӳʮ⣬ݺݵڵϡ
һԾͳٴγƣ
ˬٴ֣ٴΰ˳ȥ
ԳһαһΣһֱһΡűȥ˼ʮκ󣬹ˬڲöˣͬˣƷһģһҰʵѹƵԲĳ̶ȡ
Ըˬƶơ
ء
ôϤ죬Ӳصɳȥ
ٳ
ˬҲʹӰȻȴû취Ӱ֮ѣÿһӰϣĳһʺʺӡ
һӡԺ󣬻ȫ£ȫӡҲȫľˡ
ˬĻԣ΢΢һɡ
˸ղŵǿڶ
Բûзʦڡ⡱ΪһʼôģҲûԼʲôҪʦ𡰱𡱵ĵطֺǺǵϢ˼ӣʦ˹ȥ
Ȼֱһ١

翴ˮĻһδҴ򣬹ˬҲһδεذɣʦͽ߸˵ģǾúЦЦ꿴飬ҡҡͷ
ôˣʵ˲˶ˡ
Ͼ߾ħв𡷣Ȼ˵ǡħСȴһɵģһʵϺܰʦô֪ʦˬȻûýħСġħ͸λǡ

ħв5磬ʿΪᵤԪӤ񡢺塢ˡɽ٣жɽԺûᱻһǧȥӴ˸Ҳû취ϵõģֱӾڶɽٵʱ򱻻ɻҽ뿪ûмʱһǧɣڻ֮С
Ǵǧ磬һ磬һħ硪ԣɵģħħġ
ǻԱһֵ壬׵ʱһħѪ飬ǡӵһʣûбħѪűںӶڲһ˿ħϢĨϢǳ΢ûбǲᱻ˷ֵġ
԰ͰΪʲǡʶĹˬڹˬָ½ڣˬֱΪ״ӣλ˲֮ϡ
ں϶ĶħѪÿܹ󣬾Ϳһֳ塣ˬ֪ںϵħѪ飬ֻ˵СʱһӡԼҲʶħѪ飬ħѪҲûʲô̬ԹˬΪԳԵһֱҷáŹ򡱵ķʽĥӣٶҿʵ
ȻȻԿʼǿ[١]ˬԺ󣬹ˬŹʹԼС
ŹԺҩоۣǻҩﰵˬ
˵ʦͽࡰĥǵĸĺ
ȥԺʻΪɵصǿߣֻϧȴһγȥʱΪһִͨŭһɶ
ɶֻڶ˴һ٣Ҳʲô⣬ƫƫ˵ֱȥ׷ɱԡ
Բ֪ԭ׷ɱȻǷɱˣȻɶŭ˸ǿĸֹȥ׷ɱҲɷɱˡٺɶԼŴȥȻԲ˵˳ߡ
ӣɶ׺˻ԡ
ȥųԼĳһߣǳŭ
ǳһλĽǿߣǸķּԪӤĽл񡢺磬ˬʵǰ벽ǳǺ壬ȹˬʵ̫߳ˡ
ŭԺǳڣ˵ɱܶˡЩȥ׷ɱԵģҲǻԵĴĹЩǵΪⷢ˻һ˿ħµ˻ԵʺħԴüȻѾ˻ԣôҪնݳǾڻԥǷ񽻳ԣȴط˻ڵħħޣȻû˿֣Ҫֱɱԡ
ˬӦԵںϵĵʲôҲǺǿԭɴشŻ뿪ڣõҩԼľǿڣԼ֮˲ԶԶ˻ԡ
ţԼȡʱ䣬ǺǿΪˬֻؿŻ뿪ŭ֮£ŭйڹˬϣֱӴ˹ˬˬԪӤ궼ûŹҲ˵ûйˬˣûᣬҲתɢ

㣬ڵĻԻûԺ󣬾ǳȥʱˡ
Ȼ˵ת۵㡣
νʦ죬ޱ߰

ԻûӦͱˣһֻڵʯ֮䡣
뿪Ժ󲻾ãǿʹ֪ʦΪ˸ʱȥĽȻ󣬻һ˲ѱħգħˡ
ħĻҲǸɵҲٴ֣ޣʼ͵ʵħǱ߽ȷѪ꣬ʱʱҲɵ㼸۶ӣ²ֶΡ
µǣ֮УʳױȻﵽѪĵزٷħ׷ɱҲܶθ
ȻԻǵùˬǸʲôˣ˸£þֶΣǱһ˿ߣȥС˼޹
Ҳֻˣ˵ǰǱƼˣ棬ôھֻҪǣͻ᳹Ĩ
أԵʵϵӣħɱһƬʬɽѪҲ˼ڲɹɵɣɱ˲µޣǸɶڵļ壬һʼҲֿӵ¾ܿͲˡɶǸʿˣԹһط˹ͷӣιѪҩηֱ˵־ٲάѣ½ǴĨ˸ɸɾ
ЩѪ⡭
һһ԰ӣ԰˸Ļݣкܴһ֣ڴٶΨһûжɵţȫǻ֪ʦŸ鼫
ЩڳѪ⣬ιЩĻˡ
һһ꣬⻨֦ҶïԽԽࡣ
ÿܻȥһ
⣬Ǹɱˬĺʿɣǽ̵ʿ˶ҳɱǸ˽пģҲͬ
ֹ£ΪǧźĴħͷϧʵͻƣ˭Ҳܰô
ǶɽپͶΣǰζ׽ϧħ岻𣬺ܿ˵ΣɹˣһħͷĴǧС
ǸԲǣҲǵС
һˡ

֮ħвǰڶôöôɣʦͽö࿪ģľͶڰ¾Ͷӡ
ǻԱ̼ڻԸǵȻڱħŴ󵽼£һͷβĺĴħͷǰѹͬһˡ
ԣ翴ڵʦͽҲ뵽ǰԱȣһ
ʱԪȻ𣺡Ͳᷢˡ
üڰοң
Ԫͷ˵Ҳʵ
ЦЦԸԴ㣬֮ǰȰѾ˰ɡ
Ȼһ㣬ڣҲֻҪǻԲſĻ
뵽⣬Ц
ΪˮʾڱˬҲԺ󣬾ôƣͻȻƵģеֱӶԹˬгˡ
ˮ϶ģǹˬŵŤı顣
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175 ¿ǣ4
ʦͽЦ, ߴɨ
һò˹˹ġЦů꣬Ǹ򿪷̶൱ߵġ0࣬Ϊ̫, ܶණһ͸, ˵൱ġ
ڵǸ磬һ̽硣

, һλ, ȽϿ, ӾͽһŮѣȻӺ, ŮǻΪԵʱɱ밸б۵ȵ, ˮŮ͡Ȼ, Ҳ̽³еˡ
ֵһ, ˹º͵Ǵ˶ġҲ˵bossΪضĿûȤǲСķ˼˾һѻ, ֺ
ǹ⻷, ŰƳԽԽ, ҵһ˿겻ɶһȤ, Ϊ֮ǰҲ۲жҲǸͨӣʷϼرڵһԱ⣬ȫûõĺӣ, ûôע, ƫƫĺ, ½ǣ
˼ˡ
ȻԸжϳְܽķᱻЩŵĶϰϲʲô͵Ůˣרȥ̳֮ΪƳһĴ͸ϸЩ۲ķӦõȤֵż¶һš
Ȼģй⻷ܱҲܽõľ󲿷ϰȻڽϵļȫǱġڸϽشɥˡ
ھؽ飬ҲܽѾû뿴ֹâĺҲ޷Ȥ
ԽԽû˼֮ǰȫʧˣҲܵ˺ܴĴоǰͶȫ׷ѣãȻһʼжϵһֻͨĺӡ
綼ûͬ࣬˺ü꣬ľȻиŮ׻ǰܴɥ꿴ûκ塣
ĵ㣬ԼԼһʢ
ﹶӲдˡû綼ģһ޴ӡ֪ȫ֪ûܷĶѸ̫ܿûˣǱһ

Ȼھ˼Ժ󣬿ʼưͺ˺ܶ޹ߣӦҪһصġе꣬ûüȤֻǸԷҵӣҪһͶ·˸㰵ʾš
ԡڻǸɸɾġ
һûС
ô˵һǸûͬĵģҲ֪Ϊʲôһ0뷨ҲûӵˣǸ0ɲ͸һУԺҪߵ磬ǲѳˡô磬Ƕעܶܶ궼پˡ
뵽⣬΢顣
һ˭ȡ֣κֶһҪݣôʹȫ࣬ͽСˡΪ˷ƺԽR˵ĸӢĶɡ
翴ԺӦǻᱻ˲ţֻҪṩԴӦܳΪ൱ɫоߣһȥ޴ĺôҲҪһ⣬û취ôһܻեԴͣһȥԲʲôҳ֮ĵġ
ͬʱ翴һˡ
Ǹĸߴ󡢱¡ѪϢˣڵһ2Ǽ磬ĵǱ鲼ĳ壬ø󲿷ֵǼʳࡣ
Ҫ˵ġɣǸ硣
ֱ׵˵һ褣ӵ򣨹гϵĳյƹ߰˸ĶСë¶ˮԵѺֲòƮߡ
Ѫ쾣ǸһλѪԪ˧Ҳ褵ĵһ
ƹ1

쾸սѵĺӣǸսѸ쾵ĹϵܺãҲǸܳɫľˣ쾲ҲսѣսҲûʧһֱŬܽʼձȶԼľθһЩͰսԼĸ١
쾱˶ԽûȤǺܸսҵĹޣսѽʱѵø˵عȥϲƣսѵӻУ쾸Ҫúý̵սѵĺӣҲǺӳΪսһɫˡ
û뵽ΪԼΪϽŬʱսѱɳȥһȴΪϢ©Ǹ
쾻ʱ֪جģܱʹսѵӼ̵ؽ̸֪ټˣҪúԺ;ӻĸӣҲսѵĺܽ
ûãս褡
ڶ氮ȷʵûиļ޵˼һһչ褣ŬĸǾǼʵҽǳãҲĴʹںܾˣʧȥɷʹ໹һһ㲣ʮʱ˼ɼ
ڼ䣬ְԪ˧
һֱ褵ֶӿ褺úòģϧ褴СͺҲԸ褳ΪˣʧȥҲͷˣټĺֻܽð褵СֶŮһؽšر褸ĸ˫۸ĹջһЩ
ǣû뵽褾ȻĽĸ顣
Ҳͦ˽쾵ģ죬μĳȻ쾵ûзҩ
ҩǽҩҲʧȥǣȻ쾰Ūñˡ
ѹԺʲôȻҲû취һ褵ĵù褵ı׺һǿǽҩҲǸûкˡ쾴ʳҩȥѻҩһѶˡΪܺߣûԼ谮ֶٱ褼ֻܾߣܲˡ
һֱãʱƣͶܺõǻ𽥶ģȻʽȴΪı䣬æڹҲûԵرһ㡣
һ̲꣬סˡ
ܴڴѧǷҲкܶ׷رõ˧磬׷ޱȡ
褻ǰĽ쾵ģȴҲ˵ǿȡ£׻ǰưˡţ˽¸˧˴
ֵһǣ˧ǹ2
Ȼ˹2ô2ĺڸ褽ӴԺҲĽ֮飬褶Թ2ֲ氮ڱ׷Ҳе㿸ס
˹3
͵£żΪ֮˴ˣùԪ˧أ
ûã쾾ͷ˹2͹3
ʱȻûʲôĽ֮ģѾ褵ĴڣҲԼĸǱתˣֻѶֶӵĸתΪûôףҲ鰮ûʲôȤѵʱȻͳһ㡣
û뵽ڿĽ褣Ȼˡ
쾵ĵһӦǱ˴ñӵķŭ褾Ȼͬʱˡ褶ԸȻôḡʧ
ãǲԼĽ⡣
褣̸̸
̸ĿټȻôǵĴϵӦýӦҪȷ֣ڶԽҪרһϣܴѡһϲģһúõǸ֡
褣Ұ㰡壡Ҳ֣


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ȴ˵, ǰģҲף˵İǿԷֿġҸһ, һֱæ, ʼûĽڣôáҳϣʢ̲סˡֻǡֻǷ˶᷸Ĵ壬ԭҰ, ұ֤ǶϿԺҲᷢˡԸһֱġ
⻰էһе쾾ǽƱ硣
Ȼװ֮Ҫµ, ڻûȫת̬ʱ, 褲ܲҲϵ, г嶯, ûҩõ£֮Ϊ, ΪԿԼΪѾܹϵ׼, ʵ̲סʱӦ󣬶ǽ˵ն졣
˼ÿ˵־ǿܵһջ, , ʹſҪ, һʱԶ, ҲӦֻһΡĴ, Ƿ̹ףĶӦΣҼᶨٷڶδ󡣿ǽγ죬ϵҲǲͬˣİѰĽֿˣ褲־¸Ҳܱʣܸ褾Ҳû취褲顣ô褵Ĺϵ޷һӦýιϵ
쾶褱ԼĹ۵㣬褻ǲϷ֣ΪԼֻ壬ҲԸ쾵סլ
̫ڽ쾵ֺɻǰֶӿôҲ뿪ʱҲû취ȡǿֶΣʱ泱Ҫսʱ뿪ˡ
һ뿪쾾Ҳûл
˳Ůʵ͵Ϯ֮£ҲΪʱ
뿪Ƕʱ2͹3ÿ춼Ѷο褣Ȼǵİοȴû뿪
쾵جĴʱ褱ˣ2͹3ʱϵ尲ο褡
û뿪쾵סΪ쾱û׼ӣΨһ˵Сֻ褣ѲֲƲ褣լҲڡ褶ҩܹϵת䣬ԺܻΪ£ƲΪͬУҲûж࿼⡣ȵ褷֣Ȼ褺ʧɾ㲻ǰֶֻӣģûиı
֪쾵ʹ࣬լججÿ춼ȥҸƵ˻˼ˡһԸǷϵ2͹3һһ㲣ȻҲܾʹǺһ߰ο褣һȥҵһ쾳һģһˣģȥο褡
Ȼοˣ褴Ӵ˾רĸһ𣬵Ͼ쾣л2͹3ɽǡ
ǹ4褷ϵָߵΪϧ褵ģܶλ褣褵ǸΪ5ַ£˹678
褲֪ʵǼйϵĹ2褾ܾüκ󣬰ںϸǳͺΣյս

翴ʱ;úˣһоǣһùͷһƬԭΪ¶ˣ˾͹˺ôӢۣլӻ̣ˡ
ͺס
粻˼һ⡣
ôģ·еҰ
kҲΨһģиŮ·ҲҰ
Ȼ̲סתͷԵԪ
˵Ԫϵͳ֮飬磬Ů磬Ҳܹ硢Ů硢硢硢սܿ硢趨Բ˵硭ô˼ײԪ뷨ǣ
Խ룬Խ΢ɵöԪۣܹŹ֡
Ԫ
ʱͻȻͲôõĬˡ
΢Цˡ
˵ԪҲйŸǵʮ˰ɡ
ԪĬĬظӡ
ǿûʲôԼһĨߡ
Ԫ˵Щҵĳ򡣡
ü
ԪЩϵͳÿֻһλ
գգۡ
Ԫ˵Ԫİֻ硣ϣ¶һ˿ΣС磬ʶʱ򣬾͸ѧˣҵ뷨һġ
ԪһûסһִԪļЦ÷
ۡ
ʵû£һԪѡô磬ÿ۶вֹͬϵĲȥˣ鷽ֻǼСĲֶѡǸ׵ˣΪ֮ʱҪÿһͬʵġֻҲԼ˸ΪʱԼ뷨·ʽԪΪĸʱȻҲ
Ԫָı
ԪôǰӡͻȻӿһ˿СӣǿаŲˮϣת˻⡣
ˣ쾺Ҳȥˡ˵⣬˵ģ˵Ҳ֪ô

2Ǽ磬˾꣬ʮꡣ
쾽ʮǺ۴УսѾȥܾˡ
Щһֱӻսѵ׺ŸӣҲһֱڻսĿǰս칻ˣѾ˿ԽԪ˧Ļᡣ
йâ쾺صõеſǸðյˣԽ˰󶨣ҲٶȶеϢ˽⡣
˽ԺĵһӦǹ飬ͼҵܹѳնݳķ
룺ȻĴУôǵڣӦþǾְ߳ɣ
쾵жѸ٣뿪УȻóֲҩǼʵĶȣɿ¾飬
һ
ɫʱࡣ

Цһ룬Ǹʲô
Ԫͷʾͬ
˶ã쾵һ൱ӡ
٣ڹʱ򣬱Ȼ뵽ȫô۾Ķر˵Ϸݣͺꡣ

ȷʵܻԼ׿ʲôΪԼ򵽵ǵ۹ڽʱʷȴսŸӵʷ
µǣʷеĵһôΪġġϣҲ̲סһ
쾼ǵãǸ褵ֶӽʮ꣬ǸеĺӣġսѵԽԽˣȻĲҲעãҲϡǵõǺܾĵؽ褵ģȻ˵㣬սѵĸһһģĹԴ̣Ӧǻ˳شݸ褲Ŷԡ褺ôǸӣ
ϵĵ۹ֹ竺ֻиɫϢûκγḡΪǡû𡢺ɫˣȻĶӣ
ҲΪ褻Сһ뵽ԼΪҩϵһ׵ĸоսΪֵܣ˵ֶӣûӵǰ£褸ĶҲˡ
ȻȻ
Ҳȷ水վôչҲȷ¡
ڲͬˣѾ֪쾣ܶ褺޷ǰǸҩѵ㣬ӸԴ϶ž򵽽ҩǽҩͬҩƷǿƾ־ֿģҲĴ
ͬʱ쾾ʼ褡
δ쾷ǳʧϾΨһĶӣҲΪʹӴ˲ٱӻĸӡֻҲʡԼǰ褼ȻξôͨûʲôãˣӺҪ͸㣬ܰ˼鰮ϣ褾ǹ̫ˣŻô
褵̬⣬͸øһֶӣôʹ򣬸Ӧñȶ˸ᣬһηͬϿĸס˲⣬ڵȥԺҲõ褶żһͬòֻͣҪųϢԼӻ֮¼ɣ鶼ҪϡͲ褻Ľ֮飡
ڽ
ңҲͬϸһ褸ĵ硣ȻֻǶ̸˼ѡһ˲ãҲᷢĵףġ
ָֻӵעѾѸ˴ֶӵķ֮ľȫھȥء˺ü飬ڴǴδε鰮棬ҵȫǸ͡ŰܡߵĳϢ
Ů͵Ϯʱ͵صڡҪǰ׼
ǸںϸĹ2ҵǡֲȫְֵλߣ
ս𵽼õĽǡǰҳú
йǡҪúù۲죬Ŀǰд
ȫֵĻǡȫֵǡ۹һЩҪߡԵ۹кõӰģӰġ
쾿˺ܶ飬˺ܶ飬ȫμס
ܶھҪʼˣţȻ뿪С

ۿ쾺ʲô褵ľͰ׵һߣűƺ˼۹¡ˡ
1褵Ի·һ㶼ϰ

ؿûģ翴˼ЩҲͲ࿴ˡǺܶԴܷḻһЩӵƷܸɫ
֮뿴СǧЩ˵õ˰׿
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иͦ⡣
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˻ͦ, Ѹڼһ£ʱϳˡⲻǹԽĩǸɥʬȻǡøһȵ·Ǽ¶, ͵˼ʮкüٵ˵㣬ɹȻˡ
û뵽, ͶʮŰ׿Խǡõõһ, ΪеĿˡ
ô
ͦ, ɥʬ·Ը, ·ûеļ, ˵صõſ

ԽһֱǸ侲, ˼ܣƷѧţ˲֪ʲôʱڵǸɵС, ûгֹκƫ
㰵Ҳûʲôˮܣһܸ㶨ġʱ, е󲻶ڷСٶ, ˭ٶ, ҲһϣûУҲû˱С׽
ֻ˴ŲԸùԽ˳, һ췢ȫڹԽ֮¡
ͻȻ, ĩˣ
ûи̫ͷʱ, Ͼ͵ɥʬ, ܶ⧲֮¾ͱߵɥʬץ, ҲΪɥʬһԱ
̫ˣЩﻹһЩܵģˡ
ԽҲˣϧľϵģǰڵսޣ·Ǿ˸߹Ļϵֵߵߵظ߹Խ˵Ժ
һķСԽҪѸʵȴҲ˳·˼ʾԺͿ·Լ
֮·ʵԽ˵ΪһЩ֡ͬʱҲѸٸϵֻǺܿϧǵĸĸεȥˡ
·ĵʱʧˣҺùԽʱĲԾúõذ顣ȻǾΪһĻضȥ
òװһһɶ飬ɱȡǵԴʣӵҲȥ
ۿŹͦȶҪôһֱȥʱһͻȻһ֮ɥʬǵʵرǿ󣬾ȻôɥʬΧˣ
ԽԼҲ֪ķӦȻʶ죬ۼ·ҪɥʬץˣԽһƬհףӦʱѾ˹ȥ·Լȴɥʬץˡﰵ̾ϧĩС˵ĩҲвͬܶС˵ǲᱻɥʬȾģǾͲͬˣֱļԺһĵֿŸյģעûˡ
·Խڴϣһߵűɥʬһ߿ЦȰ
٣ľͷֻǼһŭŶ࿴ۣٿЦһЦ
ԽԶٴҲû뵽·ڱʱ򣬾ȻֱӸһŹӣ
ŹֱתֱֹͣӰˣ
ǲ˼顣
·ԭģѹ˵·øһﻷԴɥʬĹӺҩȡ
Խ֮࣬Ҳܵ·ʲôۡһ𳤴ģԽԼҲ뵽ǲ·ʲôħ˽ףϧǣ·޷κα
·ǰ̿˺ܶ࣬ߴһҪͺһ˲ǰ˺ܶࡣ
ԽĹ鵣ģǰ·˵ģץʱܡ·弶ɲ²⣬Ҳ·Ǹ˴Ϊۣ
һȻԸΪЩ
ԽΡ
˵ôҲû취Ƿݸ鰡
ȻȻĳһ죬һŹâ
Խصĺ˵ԸԸΪеĿˡ
ͬˡ
иԤУҲܴõԼҪĴ𰸣
ͬſԽࡣ
һ룬оԼ϶˵ʲôϢӿС
ǰһӶŻ
Խ룬·һֽ
Ȼһ̤Ż֮ڡ

ԽվһǳصĴſڣǰǼΪʯأԶӰӰ´кܶཨǹɫģǹŴĳǳأϸȥָֻ֣֪ᷢʷϵĹŴûƵ㣬ЩȻóǹŷ磬ĸ
ﻹڲϽϢ˿룺˼ʶˣԴһ㰲ŵİɡ

˳ŹԽɨЩ΢ضߵ˵Ԫһǲڸҵ
Ԫ룺пܣ
磺
ðɣϵͳǣԪЦˣҲͦõġ

Խʵû̫עЩҪڹ۲ˡЩǸЩǻ۵ҰޣһЩε϶˵βͻʲôģ˼ǣֻС˵Żֵľ飡
ͦÿġ
ֻԽǰ·ħС˵Ծڴе΢
ǱߵľһС죬ƺžĴ߶߻һЩͬ
ĸ֪ǲ˹Խߣῴһۡ
ԽǸЦЦ
¶һЦݡ
Խ
ľ飬ȷʵ̫ÿˡ
Ӹӡ
ܿ죬Խ˳ſݵȥе̣Ӵﻷͳ˺ܶġǸԴдļıֲ춯ɥʬˡ
ڵĹԽΪõ˹ƴ·һʵļ
ֻֿٵĽҲֻܾļˣļ弶һżҵ弶Ժ弶ں弶ҲмĲ
Խ·ʵ˦˶ǣԾڲǰ̭һЩѣĶ͹ϵȹ̵ġⱾǺ£ȴش淢˼Ͳ⡢Ʒϲ׵ģ֮ϲˡ
֮Խ·ȥʱЧʸߣĴﻷװ˸Դÿҵ˸õģͻƷó滻
˵ԽܹĶʵֵԡ
ſϢ¹㣬һļԴǡöӦԴ׳ڵ׶⣬Ҳ˵ӵеԴƷ׶ģرȽСıֲΪ˽Լռ䣬Դռ࡭
ǣֲչ200ңļֲչ350ңߴֲʮ꣬ļҲжʮꡣ
ԽѸɨЩֲԺҵҳʮ꣬ȫۣļֲҳʮ꣬Ҳȫۡ
һ8000Һ3500ңϼƾһĿ
ԽûԥֱһŰɫſ
Ȼȥ˹䡣
һ䣬ԽһЩĶ
ֹӣҩһĹȻҵԼҪĴ𰸣ԣ·УȻЩ
Խ֪·еĿˣôϴôģԺʲô
һβϣԼתô죬ΪſдˣǿԳ۵ģҲǿԳ۵ģ·ǿˣܳ۵ĶֻС
Ĭһ󣬹Խ֮һ˽š
Ľ÷˽ŵģ׻ǳ嶯ˡ

ۿ˹ԽΪüظ
ԽеĿˣ֪ԼĻΪʲôʲôԵģ
õ˻ظĹԽ䲻ȥˡ
кܸȤȥסǸһ
Խ뿪С


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ĩԪ硣
ѵһ˵òȥԵ, ·ڴϺݺݵ˯˸˯Ӵ͸ĹⶼˣŲ鲻Ը۾
һʱ䡭
, ʮˡ
·˸ǷڴϷ˸ɤӺԽԽ
û˴Ӧ
·˲䱻, ˸зԽСġ
û˴Ӧ
·ڴϹȥ, ʲôǳҵ, һ, Сֹһ䡰ռұˡŷŴ, ؽеϹϹ~~~~
Ȼһû˴Ӧ
·ڷץץ߰ͷһؽҲûˣһ´ȥˡ
ΪСڳ, ȻûУҲûУȥſһϴ»죬ɷСҲڣ̨ȡ뻧԰ʲôطûС
·üͷšͳֻ˴绰
ֻȴģ˳ȥ, ȴֻڷСķ, С˻ǲӰ
·ʱЩżˣչԽϸ, Ҫȥʲôط϶ֻϵ, Ȼû, ѵΪʲô𣿺صļ£ȻԽôġ
һʱ֮ģҲ֪ȥҹԽҲȥΪûֻϵʱҪһߣȹԽ»ֵȥ
תʱͻȻ䣬輸һֽ裬·Ȼֽϵֻ˻ΡϤּ
·æܹȥֽ
Եţ˵
Ӻ̣ܶ·˿ȴֽһӵƲƲ챧Թ֪ӡ
֮·Ѹȥϴܵϴˣ׼ࡣ
ĩԺټպмϿľϵ߳۸ͦĺ١
ాԺ·ŪСˣŸ輸϶ˡ
Ǽһô߶ţǲСš
ʱŲ
·ʶ̧ͷȴֹԽ߳
ȵȡ
ӣ
ոȥҹСķû˰
·һ±ơ
ԽǴȴûƽʱһ٩ֱӳȥһѰ˸§ڻ
ֱǰɴûй·֪ôһ죬ֹ̧һ¹Խı˵ôˣô
ԽûлشȻſٻһѹƷֵſ˵·
·ûףʣʲôң
Խ·ͷڻֻ˵˵ͬ󶨾ˡ
·
һŰ׹
·Ҳûע⣬ΪԽ̫ܣҲ̫࣬ӷȣֱڴӦУͬ󶨡
ȴӦˣǹֱ壬ҲŷӦղİ˵ġ󶨲󶨡ֱӴӦˣȻֹͬʱ;еֵֹĸоҲ˺ܶϢ
·Դ͡
ȺܶܶϢϵˢ΢ع񣬲ŷԼ֪ʲôʱѾԽɳˡ
·ſ
Խͷ
·ģ
Խٵͷ
·𾪣ţһģļ䣬³Ժ
Һȥ
ԽһȻȥ
ǲǻˣ
·䣺ô֪
ԽҧгݣΪһ
ֻҪЩеƷļ۸Сѧ
·Ц
Խ֪˵ʲôãݺݵס·ͷôôôôõô෨ң˶Ͷˣ㻹ܻã˵
·һګګȫ˵ˡ
Խϸƽ顭һ·ȥ˵չ۱п˵չҪߺܶ࣬Һã֮ǰĺúܶࡣ
̫ˣ׼ô
·֪СԼƽʱͨСģֻ£
Ҿֵͦõġ˵˵ȣʮٵʲôҵ㻻Сֲǲ֪Ҫˣһ˻Żʲô˼㻹ҵɥʬأҴˣ
Խ
﷢ȣ֪˵ʲôá
·İòװõͷң˵ˣԺǶеĿˣٷˡ
·Ťͷʲô
ԽԺøҶȥˣԴСĲ˵ҪôȥѸ弶ҪôҰС֪𣿡
·Ŷ

վɺԪһۿɿϷ룬Ц˵һԿԧԧֻҪ͵㣬ԺҲ̫ˡ
Ԫͷʾͬ
ٿʮŰ׿ȥ
ӽʮѾСǧü0ĹŴִֱȥ˺üŰ׿ǵ·ҲСǣû̫ļֵҲд˶ٽǱȽ˷ѡ0УСסԪعڵԼǶû¿ˣ0ﶼֻһλ¿ˡǱ߱Ƚ˼ȻһӵſѸٵ絽ᰲͶˡ
1ЩУÿٶһſ룬ëСƵǸλ¿ˣһǼ벿־ͨˣһȴͬˣëСе㽻Ϊɽ
2硭ħһλܳɫĽʿΪ¿ˣҲһλµĿˡܵʱǸѾûпˣΪڸԼĿˣϵͳǿԸǵģҲܶͶſƬ磻ˣһͨˣһǸеǵҰһͷǿаˣǼʵҩʦУڻ⣬һλƻġΪ˵Ŀˣǣ½桢աϺ̫ǼڵУȻûˡΪΪ2ǡ̫ǿԵʰɣʱû¿˹ȥԴ
˵ϢɨˣȻͶĿ̾˿
ʧʧ
֮Ŀǰڵ磬ȻֻаһָſĿˣʮſһŶûȥҲ̫˰ɣ
룬ѪԪ۳ʮſ
Ԫûʣֱ۳
˵ͶŵĿǰѾСǧɡ
Ԫ¿ģ
磺¿ġ
Ԫá
Ȼһָ
ѪǶһᣬ֮ҪһͬʵġԣɴÿСǧ綼һλᡣ
ǻûܵõſûĿˡҲֻܾˡ
ʮŰ׿Ϊ⣬뵽ͬŻ
ûֱԪԱߴ˴۾
ѡˣ
Ԫš
ϵͳ屻򿪣Ԫ⽫ǵĿҳչʾ翴
翴ȥ
ûʧĵõſ
ңõţ
翴һλĽܡ
ȻⲿŵĸɸŽƺģûܣܹ㣬֮ʮּᶨǸܺõ쵼ˡ˲
ٿڶλʱе㽩Ӳ
֣ԱУաְҵ
Ҳ̫Ϥˡ
ŴԱ߸ϵӰ񡪡ʶǸ֣


179 
һʱ, еס
˵ʲôãھԥҪҪſԺҪ㲻ûûСռ˱ˡְװôĻԵ˵ȥʱرϢֱԼͱſͷˡ
Ӻ, ʧЦҲҪٿˡ
Ԫ˵ǡ
°ͣݲ̹ףҲܸҸ硢йͬˡͱ硭ͦõ˵ҲеĿˣ
ԪͷҲá

Ӱӳǡ
ָս˽Ϸ, ݡͬԱԼԱǴк, ͻصԼϢϡ
һ, ĦİĦжױжױиȥˮǱһСˮ, Сܹ˵ֵǰ, ȵˮɡдӳҳСɣҲݹ, ˵Ǿ, ҲԵӡ
ֽӹˮһ, ɡ
Ϸͦ۵ģĸоǰҪúܶ, ҪԭˮϡҲ֪ǴŪĺö, ÿֺȵˮ, Ƥ״̬ͺ˺ܶ, ƣҲ˺ܶ, ǳһͱ, ͬкǿĸʵá⻹һ־ƣ࣬ÿ˯ǰһСͿһҹʧߵĿգԽ˯ߣ˯ĸСʱܱȵùǰ˯졭
ԺԺüȳȥ˵Ұȷ˯ˣǰŵУʱɻˣҰҹһϷʱҪûǸҴ绰
Ƿ׷״Ӧŵسȥ
Ϻ˿
ûʲôϻҪڵġ
׼һʱͻȻ䣬һŰ׹ǰ
һ飬
ΪĳЩԭҲ˽ܶ£ߵĴڣ簵ϻ׵ܵԺһЩط֣ڵǰһ仯΢
ͻȻֵĹţʲô
ѵ˵ҲҪʲô
ôŵʱ򣬹žͷһֿԶ
ֱ𣬷ǳŹ֣Ҳ޷ܾ
[У֮ͨأΪſ֮С]
[һ죬һлع졣֣ǷԸſΪпˣ]
һ㶡
У
üϸ۲Źţûзʲô⡣
ô󶨡
ۿ;ѾĬҲԸһİ֮˵µļͥջˣõĽ²ܳе
ʶģҪ
ǣٴ뵽֮䣬ǸͨˣʲôߣҲûʲôʼʲôʲôᣬںΣѣֻϺȣ
˼ǾԼֱ
ͬܰ󶨡ؿڡ
ţĸоϯָ꣬оԼȷʵһȷʵûκλ
֮ĻдϢɿؼȡЩϢμסҲҪлڵǸǿȵϢըʱܶϢѸپͿ⣬һЩԹŴ桢áԭʼĿҪٵöࡣ
أֵĹʡ
Ų֪ʲôʱԱߵŻٹȥһȷʵѾõţѴϣԼϢСҲϵԴһ߽Ż
һ̧۵ʱֻǰһ
һӶĳǳسǰǿʯϣһſĽܣе̡СȪݵȣԶҲסķ֮ڡһЩߵˣȷʵʲôЧеģǡ
˵ǿ
ۿһŮԾһε𣬶꼱ҴҵܵеһתȦȦڽصȴʲô
ûӹȥǸطͻȻһСУѸٱһڶȻ۳һŻûӡȻŻһԸЩġСɫƤֿ꣬죬¶һڴ߸˵§סС꣬
СһСƤ˵ĻӦǹŹֵģǣֶ
СĴСƤļšСƤ겻ͬҲܹŹ֣Ҳ
ҷٺҴˣ
ȻСƺӣȴ˲סһáסֺˣšСת˺üȦ
֪ΪĿԲͬ磬ҲͬΪſԴ˷ô˵Ӧԣʹǰ磬Ҳ뵽Էϵȥ
ò˵ǶôѺõģֶеľģһЩ
ϸҲûʲôý䱸ģǿ̫ˣɵʲôҪô𣿴ʲô⣬ڲҲҪ֪ɡ
ջߣȥ
ʲôҲûȥҲûãȥƷɡ

Ʒ
վһǰһڷŵġװ׷˺üֲͬġƿ/«װŵۣ¶ȵı顣
Ʒۣ600/
ֺϤÿ춼ȵЩЩǾ͹ģ˵ܵģһкô˵ÿԵɶԪŪģȻ֪ʲôԱһЩϰڷŵġֳɲͬ///⣬оͺơ
ֻ³һ
ԣǲܲ²⡭Ԫϵرãƺ˴˼仹еСܵĴкʵӵеſеĿˣ
ּǵãͬģǡöſǾѹǻһˣ֮Ե֣ΪĸûлԪſ߷Ϊſļ۸ҪһңǵĹʼûãܵЩҲסοϴѧʶģôϵãҲʶþ͸Էôĺô
뵽ſ־뵽˾ϡ
еȷǸصĵطӦԽԽãӦóʱȸϵһ£Ҹʲôʱ䣬¸߾ϡ
ֶ˶١
ദʱҲˣܿԾֵ飬мȻſģһԸõֵܶԣʵֵܺ㡣ȴûи߾е£Ϊʲô
ֲ²⣬ҲΪ绹ûſķҡ
ڲûϧܵĺöдϷչʵеһ㲻ʵվȸҪʵ㹻ܵ෨ңҲף
ĻҲˣӦÿ԰һæôˡ

翴ˮֹУڷ֮ۡ俴ȥȥͦӣЩЦ
ɤӣԪ˵Ԫ߰ɣȥŻŻ
ǡ
һ˼һƷ֮䣬ʲôںܱҪģ취յǮġ
ͻȻ䣬ļ
һû
ϽתͷͿһϤףЦԼ


180 Ѫ
˵ܲ, ܲٵ
۱òãǸô˻װеǸ࣬˵׵ܵ˭
ֱŻȥҪôϵһ£취ȷԼĲ²⵽׶ԲԡԪǲһеĿʱ, ôֱ˼, һ
ʱеΣС硣
Ц̧, ˸к, û뵽㡣
˼ָܶ˵ķʽһȴԭ뷨ûʲôãΪǰ˵ʱ͸ƽʱûʲô, ܿڿ˵šû뵽, ʵϱû뵽Ǻƽ̬ȡ
, Ҳ΢Ҳû뵽, Ǿֱ׵, ԪеĿ˰ɣ
ͷ׼᳹, ֱ˵, ҸԪеĿˡѧԺҸ, ܿ췢˱˴˵ݣ;ѵãټϴҵԸȽϺϵ, ͳرĸǡ
ֶԡǡ˵о̫ԣȻô˵, ҲôȻȻʲô̧ͷһ, Ȼ, ǿ˸ӰƵԪҪԪϵ, ֣ΪԪԵûʲôڸеӣ˵ߴСʱһСʱģҲע⵽
һѣص˵磬
еƣ߹ȥ
һǰֿ˼ֽӲӵҩ֪ôģڿЩҩʱ򣬱ܵزһֿͬҩĿͬ
е棬뵽˵ʲôڣС硭ǣ
һЦʵԪеĿ⣬Ҳܵġ
Ԫͷš
ѹûʲôܡǵûһϵǼȻ˵УҲͳаɡ
һ㶣ġ
˵ܣǿԿͬ˵ѪŨȸߣ׾ѳʲôʱҪȥֻҪ֪ԷˣߴӶԷֳĲϣͿ׼ȷƶϡ˶٣һˣӦҲ֪һиţϴκٺǴһЩزԪʹ濴ԣѾҸˡ
Ȼ֪ģ֮ǰճɡ˵Щ̵㣬Ҳеȷˣ˵ǡ
Ȼ˵ҲһѪŨȺܸߣԪͷˡ
ֺͷ΢˼ǣҲԾܣ
ͷǵģֻѪŨȻоѣѪĵȼܸߣҪһܹѪġҶѪеõҩѪŨȣȻѳɹЦЦԻͦڴģûӣָָǼоҩ˵⼸ʵǶõģֻҸ˾ãǵƷЧҲǺǿõĵһҩƷӦøһ㣬֮ãһ𵽸õЧ
˵䣬ִһƷ򡢶ƷƵҩЩҩֵĸоǿ
绹ڶֽͣӦҲз̨֣ϵʱȻȻ֪ôɢƽʱԷ˿ʱҲûκӳô÷˿ȴֲȽӽȻǶ˿ȴķ˿ùܶ࣬ҷ˿Ⱥҳ϶ҲܸߣֻҪ緢ȻԼ⣬Զķ˿ŮӣĲͬŮ԰뿪ܿȴֿȡ
ţе㷢졣
ϸģЩ˵ĵܵܿ˵е㲻˼оԷԼԼķ˿ое͸
ֵͦͦĸо
ЦЦѪҲкܴĹϵ
΢΢ۣǰûⷽйء
˵ѪǽѪ𾪵ı飬̿ھ̫֪ɣϵû˭ȱ̫ҲЩ̫ϲգůֺٻᣬ̫ȻҲܹܾ̫մػŮϲķ˿ȻҲŮ̫඼浼̫˵ͨ൱ȻҲӡǴӹףǲҪ̫ˣ򣬾͵˳ŵ̫Ĺɡ
ţ齥ЩŹ֣ҲЩȻ
ķ˿ϲ̨϶Գʱرǵл˿ʱķӦеıʾ淴ʵΪ˿һɹ̫ˣڡգ
ֵ΢飬һѻӷ˿̫ʲô
˵Ԫ֪ǽѪʱҾʲôҩãֻƷм֣Ҹоһ㣬ԣһڲԣ͵˵ȡһ׵ġ׵½֣ԣĿǰ׵Ҳ㲻һò⡣ϾѾһЩǧ磬ٵһȵĻָܳõġ
ֶˣõļ۸ȻߣʱҲҪһǮж־Ǹ⡭һŰ׿ҪһңƷڶ׵ҩҲҪǧˣȸõҩ֣û̸ſ½ṩһЩԴæȸҩǮҩԺȴû¡Ͼһλһ󣬼ʹ磬ѵʱҲҪ׽˰ɡοҲҪ
Խ룬ԽǾò
һģֱʹôҲú;һΪ翼ǲŶԣֻŸղ˴⣬ȴһСǴ㡣
Ĳô׵
һۿֵ뷨գգۡ
ȻǺҪҵģŽ׷ʽļ໯ĿԽԽ࣬ʵѾٺȱǮˡο֮һſ͸磬ѱֻͨҪʮ֮һļ۸񣬲ʲôǮ⡪ľҪڲ׸ֱӱ¡˵һСĻøԼռ˵С
Ȼˣ뷨ǸܺõĽڣҵ㹻ɣָϲܵܡˣ󵼡
̹Ȼ˵ᣬҵķʵõģû̸ҸſҲԭ򡣲֮ǰҸҸĹҸѾˣȻҲУһͷҲҸſϡõҩȷʵܾѸ죬áҲûô˽ҲΪģֻǾҸ϶Ը⿴ܸȹ̣ԽҲܸŵҸ硣һʵɡһͦ˽ģ̫Ҹ˰ɣҲ̫˽ˡ
һ㶣ͦӣҡҡͷЦˡ
ô˵һֱΪҺ翼ǣ㵽ܵܵģǲܰʲô͹ˣҪʱǲô𣿲Ϊø磬һȻʹֵܣҲȻ͸κ¡οʵ㰮ݼڵĶ󣬶԰ɣҲ˷Լ̹ϵ˵Ժ㻨˼ҲֵҺΪʲôˡС磬Ѿ㹻ˡ


181 ׸ſ
û뵽ֻô˵, 㶡
ʵνģϾ, Ҽ֮, ྫʾжྫ, ԺҲȻǳõڵ󡣵ϵĳ, 𽥱֮ϲ
ǣԼʮһֵø˵, ദʱ򻹺ģǾ͸ˡŸԽԽ, Է뾡ܸõ, ȻҲԷõģû¾ôŪöϾȻ, ΪҲΪֿǸǺȻ˭ôأΪ˾ϵҸ, ע֡ͬʱֿԸſͬΪһԴͷʱˣҲ͸࡭
籾ûʲô, Ǿ֮Ͷѣ˿һϯʱȻ
, 翴, ӦǸܶܲĵİɡ, Ҳ, ԳΪĹػ, Ļǻᵣ̫, ŪԼ̫ࡣ
뵽, ΢΢Цˡ
ģΪġ˵Ժҿһ˼ģ룬Ҹ㶼ÿġ
ҲҪ˵ʲô
ֺܿȥԼҪĶҩûǮ򣬶׼ȥԼյԴҲʵҲҵһЩġ
ֱһſֻ1000ңֲֻ֪һЦеȤζţȥԺҪžһ
ֳڰϵʱ򣬶һʱе⣬ѾϲղûֹرǾʱʱĹĺͿأԽԽãҲȫû
硭ʱͦϲһµġ
ͻȻ˵Ĭ
۾ģС磬ĩӭȥ𣿡
¶Цݣӭ֮
ô˵ˡ
ĩʱҪһıһۣʱ򵽵ſ͸ϣȻ󡭡Ҫһ𿴿ϱӡ
һһĻ䡣
ٺ١

ĩһת۾͵ˡ
ǰԪһ𣬻ø룬ѯʵѯʣҪܾǲڼʱҲһжڲͬˣԪϵͳ˶òʲôڣǽڿԺֱӰԪһ͸߸˵سУš
⼸ննɳϵɳϣһ·ܵıӰ̲ס˳ǡ
ԽԽˣÿμ涼ˢӡλҲǡƫԼʲôӦûУҲ֪桤ʲôûУǷӦ̫ٶۡ
ҡҡͷָæˡ
Ԫ߳УźԪȥԴ˵ԺѸٵظԼ˸ղ˳سʱãҲ⾣ÿζôȥܶæҪŸǰ˾ȵȡ
ͳִֻ˸绰
磿ҺͰԪ¿ˣȥ
ԣԣ׼ֱӻȥ
ǱϷûҪ˹ȥ𣿡
ãУڱ
ɱ˰ͽ¶ˡ
ؼ鷳㣬·עⰲȫ
ҶֻԪðѳͣǰ
糯ЦǱߵңԼ߹ȥϳҲԵġ
Ԫ˵ʡ
˭ʡȻʡ
ãţڸʻλϡ
Ԫӣűķȥ
ѳҡ΢洵ǰ鷢ˡ

Ͻ°磬رֶ֪ܵܺԺ͸ˡʲô˰˶߸ҸأϰЧʶ˺ܶ࣬˵ȺУǰûġ
ȻҲ֪ԪҲϰԪܵӰ룬ãԪھͲǼˣ˶ûϣɳһ죬ͻᶨ֡Ԫĸоͺܸˣ֪ԪܵܺܺãԪ˺ܺãԪʵԪҲԪܶ෽ǵæȻһ뵽ܸܵԪԺҪһˣ³ʱͻԪͬͬģͬҲԣ׽Ժ˵ᾭȥϷԼͻΪճϸ硭

صϰѹİԼ󣬾ֱ˸ڡ
ŽţѾ߸˵س֣Ҵ˿վڳſڣŸкõˮƴ
棬ˮһЩ峴ը
϶ԪоӡõܵδҪȴֹζӵԭ֮һˡ
˵
ԪĳտνԽҲãÿķһӾ۲͵ʱҲԪƳǸˣܱʲô˵Ϊֵ²ͦģۼܶԪô׽ܲŰϲǸ˸ɢ˰ɡ
£ʵкܶࡰû¶ġ
һšϸסġ
һ˵Ҫˡ
߹ȥӭϵܵܣӹ̣ڲ輸ϡ
Ц绹ʮӾܵղͨ绰Ѿ·ˡ
ϵͷһӣ͡
ùԵһƬ⡣
ֵɳϿӣô㽻̸˵һЩϵ£Ǿϸ署һҵЦǵģĵ̣ΪŮڹ¾̫ȶЩ˽˽Ůǰɹͨ޲ֱӹϷֵеĲƲҵڲֱΪȨӶҪˡټϾҵϴڵﰵظҹȥǱ߲ͻֳʲôñǱ߳ľϷû˲ҵ뷨ˣ⿴һԼԼڷˣرǾԼÿ춼ȥƫƫ񲻼áԾ˵ѵõȤ
˵һЦһͨ
ָһЩϵķʽҲ˵˹ܶⶼéٿĸо
ĵʱ
׼ȥţվ
Ȼֻˡ
ȥϴ˸ֺ
ѹҲǱơ
ֲһԣֲźۼس缷˼۾
Ц͡Կʼˡ
͵͵۾ϣգ۱ʾʱպá
ϵԼϵͳ
[ԪҸͶſɡ]
һ룬¹ϵͳǲˣﻹ˲䴫˶ԷĻӦ
[õģС硣]
˿̵ľϣûзǵСɸоҸشڱ˰˵İΧ֮С
һ̣ǳͻأ鷢ˡ
һŰ׹˵Ӳس˾ϵƤӵ¡
ſκһλ˰ʱȻеһ̣ԼͬСһѯʶԷĻ
һ¡
̧ͷߵļˡ
ȻϾͷ֡
ڵ˻ͬһ׵ܵܣڶĿƵĿﻹŵڴģ
ϣ
ס죬Ĺ
ǿЦһ磬Ͻ󶨰ɡ
ٴγĬ
ͻȻعζոǶλѯʹǷп衱⣬Ҳ˵ʵܸĶ
ʶؽܰ󶨡
ţϢﲻϵˢ
ϵıˡ
ü䣬էһеơǿ˾ϵı飬ȫˡ


182 ϵľ
ȾſϢԼıָ糣ʱ, ѾǺüӺˡҲǸӦٶ۵ģĻ֪ղŵܵܺڸʲôһʱΣЩӵ顣
϶˶, Ҫ˵ʲô
ʱ, Ԫӳ߳, ڵ, ˵ˡ
ϣ
ϣղҪ˵ʲôţˡ
һԾ𣬷ǳûذϣԼԪڽһʣµĲ˶˳
Ͽ֡
ָĿԡ
ţ˶Цˡ
ת, Ѿ³˸, ʵ֣ʲôʱõſģ
˵ǰ졣ֱȷ˾ϵĲ², ʱҸսУҲ뵽СԪеĿˣȻǡСܹǮ, ˵һ˵, ͰѸǰˡ
ϻȻ, ̾ҪҲġ
ȻһЦԺŬ, ǺȰɡ
ϵͷҲôġ
û˵⻰⣬ϱָ, ҲûжлûꡪЩԼд, ˵Ե, һΪԼõΡ
ԪвˣϺҲһȥ
˵ҿһļ۸Ҳˣ֮ǰŪһֲǿ㣬˻Щҡ
ͬҲ԰ȥҡˣںȥһ硭ٻſ忴˿ԸȾߡ1Ⱦߣͨǿֻ̫࣬ҪΧסӦǸĺõطҲ˳ܵǮ
ϸղɨϢһ˵Ҳٻϸͷ˵еȥ֣Ҳʱúܡ
Լϸ־統ȻǸ˵ģĿǰǸҪ͸εĻҲȷʵʺ˵
룬˵ҸĳǸϼضЦ˵ôǿȥпԴȱǮڣȥԺ˵һЩʵġ
ط֪ģֲ֪С˵ͷҲš
˼һ£˵ⲻˮƽߣȴ¼߹ȥһˣǱߵԺ
ֳţҲһȥɡ
ϵȻͬģһ飺·Ҳĵ
Ծ˵ȻԸⱣˣҲԸԼµ˸ʹҶˣԼвŸеǰǸǣõԴ;࣬ǺԼˣԼչʵ͸֡ڵֲͬˡϺ˶иԵ˼룬͸ֵĺԼģֵ뷨в졪ڣԼͿ԰쵽£ȥԼ߼æֲġ
׾ϵ⣬һЦ֪ģȥְ졣
˵Żģǰѿͷ׵һߡ
Լһ⣬ָԪ˰룬ȻŸ߸˵شԴ
⶯Ūе󣬰ѾϺִӳлѡ
ע⵽ʱðɭɭ˺һ⣬һ˺õĶҸɵˡ
Ҳ˺һ⣬ּڵĺϣŽ
Ϻ֣
Ȼһ֣ҲЦƵĸ硢Ԫ

ΪϺֶſֶԾҲû˽ҲཻͦǶǽѪ׼ѵ£ҲԾ̹ˣ˵ȻҲԴ顪ֵ˼ǣҪԼǮѡϵȻ⣬Ҳ˵ֵǮ취һЩȻ󡰽衱ֶ֡ԴҲûǲȻҪΪԼҲǰѾϵˣЩʱһŬЩʱҵڣҲ֮Ȥˡ
֮Щ׼ȴʱû취ȥһԸȾߡ
ʵڸ飬Ϊ˱ⵢԱʱ䣬ǲ᳤ʱءƵٵġ
Ϊϰ壬ȻҲæµֵµŲǰģҲ֪ĿǰһضʱҲԸеεģڶݵؿһС󣬾Ϸڳʱ
ԴˣҲûкż
ϾڵʵޣڻûɹǰȥһɱȾ߻ǮҺʵԴܸһ㡣
翴ûж˵ʲô׼֡Ǯٶ̫˽¸һᣬȽǮ֣ʵٻ١ڻᣬϾֲָͬǲԸæġܶ飬Ҫദʱҹϵ׽ʱ򣬲ܸ̹Ȼ
ڡ
Ѿ׼ȥȾľ˵磬һԲƵĶһʱеп˶ǷֿģҺԪܷһΪǰ̣԰ѹȥ˴͵һ𣬱ɢһιȥҲ̫ģ㻹ǸһһΣԺٶԹȥɡ
ԲȻǼٵģҲп԰˴͵һĶǡܰѼ˷һԪӵеԲ̲Ǹζѡ
֪ܵܵ⣬֪ܵʵǿҪǵܵܳԶᵣģοǳν磿ܵܵҲġ
ʲôϻҲû˵ɴͬҲãҸһ𡣡
糯¶һЦݡ
ţԲԪҲͬôˡ
˽Уſ򿪽ȾŻ

һ΢΢ѣκ󣬾ϿΧı仯
Ŀ꣬ǱƻĽұõĽǳķ񣬶Ǻܹӵķǻص˹Ŵһ
˽ȾǸŴĩ磬ľΪ֡
۲ܵʱͻȻ䣬мٵĽŲǴӸһﴫ裬Ǳ߿ȥ
ڶȻһ̬ƤڵĹɿسܹ߱ܵٶȣ˶ɡ
ףǸ1ĸȾߡԥתһѳעȥǸȾ˹˲䣬һɵضܶԷĹһóԷĲӡǲӵķôĽִŻȻģǲӾһ鶹ɵжˡ
ǿűĹͷͷȥϱ侲ȴв
˵ףûɱ˵ġ
ȾȻߵʬˣȴ࡭
û̫˼ΪǰкüȾ߳ˡ
֪Ϊǵĳʹط˻˵ϢȾԾ׷ˣǵʮڲ˵ζ󣬾׷Ѱ
ԴٴλӽЩȾߵĲӡʱ̽ǣȾߵҪֻвӣӲϣɿԻԼʹطҲûãᱻץסĿ϶
ϽȾߡ
Ȼܿ죬ʮȾһӿپ裬ҲױǰΧ
ǣһ̶ֱ֧㣬һ˲佫ʮȾȫɱ
һͷһҡ
ȻܵԪҲִͬһطˡ


183 ϵ
ﰲ, ͷ⡣
徣һ֣ʾ㾡ܳԣ󡣡
, ѵ˵٩˼Ԫأ㲻񣿡
൱̹ȻԪ𱣻ҡ
ʧЦ, Ҳûٶ࿪Ц
, ˲ԶĽŲ, ףǸĸȾζܹˡ׼ҪεܵܺԪʱ򣬾Ӧߵս, Լս顭ҲǷ´ζԹ
ǸóԼˣľǧҲȫɡҲû취ھĴѹų, ôһʼҵ
ԸȾǵʱҲ⡣
ƼȻҲѧһЩֶΡʵϲûжʵս׸磬֮ǰõĹ൱ӦԸȾߡҲЩɬɲɱ֣ѾסԼĽࡣСʱԺѾڶʮ1ĸȾ֮, ٶȰȫɵʮӹĿǰҲΪ׼ÿһζһε˷Ѹ١
ھСʱʱ, Ѿ·սһˡ
Ĺ㣬ֽʡɱʽҲպСʱ, ֻʣ, ԹҵһȫϢء
ʱ, ɱֻϵĺˮ¡
Ϊ֮ǰ˷һЩ˿ûʲôģΪԪԱߣʹûҰȫصʱ䣬תȴû⡣
ûǿԼֲ˰ѺԱߡ
һĴָĹӣԿĽ۸ܱˣڻָЧȴܺãλ֮һֻҪʮҾͿһͨһмʮš׵ߣÿγԸһžƣԼܼӿָһǲƷĻָҩʮһƿÿκϼھͲˡ
ûõģֻ1Ⱦߣ㲻£СʱɱһٶֻȾߣ׬ȡʮҡһŽͿԻָˣٵһԣôһ׬ʮ⡣
Ϊʮ٣ھ˵ѾǺܸߵЧˡ
һÿҲֻҪ10Ҷѣ߸һ죨ʵٿϢָҲͲʮСʱ죨ÿ24СʱǺ׬ġ
ûܾĺ⣬ԵǿŽ
븹ɲǣʹһȵůõ˿ٻָԭЩ֫ůÿƹһܣ첻١
üëö
ЦĴӣĹͦ࣬˵磬ֻŬ߹㹻á˵䣬ӶݹȥԵ㻹ܼӿָҺԪڣ԰ɣиԺԼʱ㡣
ϵͷӹӣһŷŽϽ˹
ǹ˳֫ٺ뵤һ˹ٶһҲָˡ
Թһź󣬾ٳţɣһγԵš
ԹغȻˡ
Ȼ󣬾Ͼ̧ͷ
ʱ絲ǰʸɴÿһͬʱ߰˼ʮÿһιᴩȾߺ󣬼ʸ϶ŷ⣬ֱøȾ߻ҷ
ϿĵܵܣֻöԷӢˬƽʱĵܵȫһģѾѰܵʵúǿˣɴ˿ȴ֣ǵ͹˶Է
ԭһ˵ʵܴﵽǿȡܸԪʵڶףĿǰȱϵǿߡһ
׶ˣοأ
пߵȼﵽ5ԺٴͶſ˵Ĵξͻһλ׵ǿߣֻǶǿߣ

һ͵ģðԼĲ
˵Ҽɡ
ע⵽ߵһ⻰ÿһ㣬ܵǰ
ھϸղϢʱ򣬸ȾǿɲЩڲϵľۼ֮ǰüиȾ߶ֵڼٲ⣬ھҪȴҲֱôȾߵİΧ֮ڡ
ļƿնˢˢˢ󷽵ĸȾߣǰʮֻȴŹˣķ϶֮м۶
ҲѸٵɱЩ©֮㡣
עۼɵЩٴ©ʮʮֻģ֡
Сʱȥ
ٴϢԹӡָ
ٴΰиȾߵֵ⣬Ԫ֣ɱΧ
أɫ𽥰
֪䣬ȻѾǰʱˡ
һ꣬ЦЦ˵磬ʱչɡ
תͷûʲô飬ǸƽʱһȻȴѾһǿҵɱˡ
ɱ𣬵ʱ򲢲ζֻܵ˵ѡ
Ц֪һԣ϶ܵģӦڸ绰ˡ˵ٻ̽
ϣɫˣȥɡ
Ц
һ̣ϵɱҲ˲ɢ˴롣
ǻȥ֮󡭡
ûҹϷȷʵ˻

ϣλµĿˡ
ѾԼҵܵܿ¿ʼλӦľ⣬һλⰮⲿŵĸֺʵܰ
ⰮŸʮ꣬긻ǿھغܿ㣬ǱȽǹӵģֻһǹӵƢȽϺõģ˼ҲȽϸԲڷˡԴӽְܸڵòǸûܵģⲻֵͺܲϴҹƽɵõ˲ųԱ𾴡
ⰮſкȻš
ǿǵյ״λ꽫ݵ˼ջѡ˽ܰ󶨡ѾǰڵԱݣҰ˼ĸڲͬλԼһвԾĵطҪ̰С
Ȱ֮ⰮԼˡ
صأĸʱ뿪ԼרĵؽϢڼʱڣνУ۲е״ſҲȥо˺ܶ顣
һжĺⰮſǰҪϼ쵼ٿһ൱Ļ顣
ϣⰮѴе֪Ϣһһʮ˵˳ڽеķʽҲͬչʾΪǻڼ䣬Դε˽УӣֱӴŻϵ˽һˣż쵼еͬУڸȾȥһΣʶ˸ȾߣǶɱ˼1Ⱦߡ
ţ˲ͨл
һϵе֤û˻ⰮĻصľҲԲǵܿԴﵽЧ
ȻĴڽ˼֣Ҳг˼ƻһġ֮˴˵ļʵ̫Ϊ֮һʵûʸ䱸
ҪֵĻǻҲδŨȸǿʱ޶ȵرȫңҲȫͨ
Ⱞصʼⲿŵѡ֡
Ǹܸεܶ׬ǮĻܾ˵м£ĿˣҲԲ⣬ᡣ


184 Ⱞ
Ϊȷ̶ȵ, ⰮѡֵʱҲע⡣
ҪһʵȻЩѡдӾģҪЩߵľжĿǰ״ϸԷȡȫû, ҪǩЭ顣
⣬ⰮҲĿǰⲿе߽ѡպʵȵǿ, ΪԼɣҪѡĶڲйְģǸҸʵǿġȻ׽һֱڵļڽѡ
֮, ҲһЩѵĴڡ
Щϡ٣º͵, 鲻º͵Щ, º͵ĴǿߵĹͬȰ˵£Ҳְܱ״̬
Ϊ˹ҵȶⰲ쵼ΪҲҪһͬʵ̬ȡڴҲѡ˸׽ļλ
ǩЭ, ɸǿߺʹǣⰲȴûй˵ֻǸ֪ǽһҪͬɡɺ󣬹ҽһ¸
ЩǿߡҲܸӡ
УĿǰʱ׽Ĵɺ֮һ
, Ҳùĵļǿ֮һϾְ͸ϢϢأѾˡ󲻵ǰԵ, ǸҰĴѧ

ۡһλɡһλѵС񡢵ŷԼŵļλǿڸⰮڶԺ, ʱ뵽𾪵ȥǲûʱ, ⰮѾִ˸Ⱦ, ǵһʱ俴ŻζϹƤĸȾǣܵǵϮ
Ⱞ׼üλǿ߲ǰ桢ֵģǵһִǿ߸պôΧǰǺиȾϮλǿ߶ʶӦ»û׵׷ʲô£׵ؽЩȾߡͬʱӦһЩҲ裬ʱսˡ
ڳһȾԺ󣬵ڶȾߵִļ϶ʱ䣬ⰮѸ˵λȲҪţȾܵزȾߣԺһϸҽ͡
Ⱞ⻰ Ȼ˻ھţȴҲͷ£û׷ʲôˡ

Ⱦߵ൱࣬һһ֮Ŀ϶Ҳǳ٣ԴԴϡ
Һþͼģͨ˲۲⣬ҲϴŲָױȽϼˡ
ͨ˵ĸȾ߶ԸţױԷȾͬһߣĸӦԡɶ˵¸վûãҲһǱЩȾǿܶģԸڻ¡οܸģһʵġ
ˣ͸˵ǿߺͼλѵСˡ
˺ʹȾ಻ƣҲܿһƬҳɹڸҵһ̵ӣʱϢ
ʱһֱмⰮ˵ƴʦշΪҽ͡
һλԹɲ˫ֺʮź󣬴϶ȻһƪģȻĲ˸ΪӵĸȫΧס
һ̣˶ȹ˺ܶࡪʵҲǵһЩȾ߻ײ޷ŻʹңҲ
Ⱞ򲻼أĿǰϸ˵
˵ɫαãѾ˵ϣᷢõ¡
ǣǵĽǺǿġ
ӺǿⰮ񣬶÷ǳҡ
ܹУֻҪ㹻ķңͿӵ޾ıأǰ磡
Ǻεȵ棡εȵ
κһǿͼ
һΪжˣĿǰҲɲҶԿΪſ޷ᣬԺ꣬ѵͼӲҲҪһǣſԹ
Ҳ˵ֻҪ㹻ķңʹҪһſǿԵģǻʲôıҪǸʱЩͬһ硢ͬһȻͬˣֻŽŸռһϯ֮أҲܹǡŽ̽·;֮ϡ
ⰮѾ˹ҵľ
ɳʱĻѾͳһĿǰappϻһµĳҲһֻٲָٷйϵ˿ŵ顣ǸкܶضһɣͿԻһĽɫ֡бappԱõͨ֡
ĿǰڳЩǣΪͨһĿ飬ܹӵнǸģڳķǲųԱǿͬԽ롣
ܴʮɫ֣ôͿӵжһһſ˲ڲڣҪõſҪʮɫ֡ȻֻҪʮɫֵֻԼշ֣ɫֲתҪʮɫֵǿǣǿ԰ѽɫתһϵġ˭ϣſһǸˣתƶ
ڳ˶֪ɫһѵõҪɵҲѶȺܴΣյģȻۣڵֻܲܽܰˡ
Ҳ֪߶ԣܶ԰ѻִյʮʱ򣬿Ѿ֪˶ˣʵҲһﵽ൱ǿĳ̶ȣʱõſǰʱҲеһЩʱҲⲻ˽Ѿдһʱ䡢˺ܶ˲ŵĹҵһǽϵһġǿߺʹȵȣǸԶʮɫֲ׵õΪתơôҪУֱȻսеĿ˶ҲֻһͬʱܻʱԴͲƸҲڹҽЩԴ׳󣬼ʹ½ҲˣΪȥóˣҲɲܸȣҲкĹϵ
˵Ǹϣ˶ԣǼʹ֪ҵĴ㣬ԼⲿҲֻʮ֣ɹףǱҪǻǲԸ⳹װⲿǹʱǲһһµΣ˱ʧȥɣ˵ɳ
Ҳ֪һЩϵļɻ䣬ʮֵ޶˲ţҲǿؽơлԵãǹұȷչ򣬹ұȻҡ

˸͸Ĺ⡣
ⰮһɨˣǶ˹ҵ뷨Ҳǵĸɾ΢΢˿
еĽٺܼʱΪб൱ĺôһԭǡʵһЩ˵ĸɾ㣬ǿǵҲס㹻ǵľ޴档
ھͲͬˣſǵǰĺܲ˵ע⡣
ⰮţӽԺǿǶᶯԱ
ⲿţҲӭһԴıڣ
ûͨʵĲųԱǡ
Ⱞ֪࣬ǽ꣬Żᱻ뵽µİУӵ׬ȡԵĻᡣ
˻ȥǲǻϢǵˣͲˣôչô룬ֻҪΣᣬҶǿ԰ݵġ


185 ҵİ
еĴǵĲһ, ˺ޣʹţ𵴵ķΧҲ, һСΧܡȻֻҪ֪ܵˣĳȣرǵǵ¼app󣬷ǸصѾ, ֻЩӵ˲ܽ, ҲѾǼ˶Ǿ͸ʵˡ
Ȼģ
, һҪ¸ˡ
ͬһʱ, 뷨Ҳ˼صı仯
лˣֻҪܹ˳ӹŪſ۹ԶĻῼǣ֮Ǹж
ʱУһöӡ
ǸӵķǣⰮ
ɲǼ, ʸĻԱһʱ㿪ӣۿݡ
ûгǵ, дŵģⰮ֪ĲΪʺϹĹеڲϢ
ͷһǣ𣬷Ը, ÿ峿˵ⲿűϣⰮĴ½նɱȾߡ
Ⱞʾ, ſÿ˵նɱ¼, ÿɱһȾ, ԻȡӦĽɫ֡ÿһλˣȾϮ࣬ҲҪ뽫ǽ͵԰ȫĵط
ֵı׼ǣ
1-2Ⱦߣÿһֻȡ0.1ɫ֣
3-4Ⱦߣÿһֻȡ1ɫ֣
5Ⱦߣÿһֻȡ2ɫ֡
Ⱞ˵ӭÿԼмÿһ춼ڸȾ߻öУдÿնɱĸȾӦõõĽɫĿκһ߶Լк˶ԡɫֻǵĻԱϢͬ£ϵͳҲʱ˽ĿͷͷҲⰮˣҲæʱظôʱһᾡɺ˶Եȵȡ
ЩԱʱ򣬳˿
Ȼöӵ·еڶŵöӵǡиȾÿܽᡱⰮ
Ժ󣬻Աٴνһӡ
Ǹӵĵһ¥ڶ¥ʼⰮ忪ʼݺ͹涨
ľѾ񼶱
ɫΪ֣
һ񣬰ҵСؾȻΣյʢԴĵط³ֿ£ǿߵȣ֮ṩϢģһʵһĽɫַ£ɫֵĿǸṩҪ̶ȡϸ̶
ڶѼԴҲǹҪʲôԴͻһ񣬵õĽɫѼԴĿԴҪ̶
ΣЩЩѶȺܴġͨߺ޷񣬱ĸط³ֵ//̫ǿѾйСԱģٱĸСؾ̫ΣգͨС鷢ʧܣҪǿ߽̽·ģٱһЩȽΣյĵطѰԴǿػ
ͬʱΪҪĽɫͬĳԱֲͬıǡ
׼ġҪʮɫֵЩǵĸУǲܻתõģҲ޷Լ񡣸ҹϵֻܵǺϵġҪʮֵЩǵĸһתƽɫֵӣͬʱҲһȨޣԽɫ﷢񡪡ÿһĽɫ಻ܳ100
Щ涨󣬻ԱȻҲٴβ쿴һ
㿪ѾҲӵǰнɫ塾xx񡿵Щӣ¥ͻй̶ĸʽдķΧݣ·һоԺԵõٽɫ֡
ЩвǴģԲӳ˽ɫֵĽ⣬Ľͨ֡Դȡ
ЩҲɱģҲûп˿ۡ
ɫڶ⽱ҪΪ˵ǿߵĻԡ
⻹һöⰮġ
Ⱞġһλǿ߶Լܵʽĵᣬǳϸʮ֮һݷ¥Ҫӵز֣ҪһĽɫ֡
ϣʮ֮ݷΪ֣ÿһֻҪ10ɫ֡
ⰮʾΪܹø˾ʵáԸϸԼĵõǿ߶ԿһĶӵĻԱڽϵĽɫ֣鿪ǿӵеġ
ǿǼˣиоʮָӡ
һ㶼ǱģǶԣĵþǿṩҪṩ׽˺Լĵӡͬŵȣǲй¶ġǵĴУΪǣҲǿṩ
ҲǿߣҪĽɫָ࣬Ҫػλһİ취ǰĵдԺֻҪдúãаԸ⻨ѽɫֽȻͻࡣԽֵܻ࣬ٶԽ졣
ҲǹҵıˣıҲΪǵʵΪùҸǿҲ޿ɺǡ
һжǿԸǿǻǡ˵ʲô
вǿ߿ʼԥˡ
ԥҲףԥ˶ãǾͻˡ
Ϊ⿪׬ɫֵķָ첻˵Ǹϸˮĳڹ̣Ҳɵ֮һ
ⰮһЩáֹ£ԶǾ෽ǵģ̶ȵصÿһλԱĻԣҲǾܵṩԼѹե֪Ķ
ǣˢĻԱôأ
ñյĻǱգĸϽ
Ҫ˼ڴ忴ݺǾѸٵæµ
ͬʱⰮڵһö½ӵеԴϢп˿ܵȪ紮ŵȵȺö
һܲˡ

ԪصᣬվɻǸƽһѣǸƽʲôͬ
һ죬˸¿Σص
ŽţǾһİǰԴǸˬʵСܡ
Ųˡ
ҺòңŰ
ΪʲôŲңʲô
ţҺȾƣ˵ǲҪʧˡ
һķǳ˲䣬̲ס˳ǡ
ô¶ǽлأһŲȽС̱ɳϹȥĴкû˵
Сܷ˺ü̾
һԵţ°ڵɳ϶ſţҲ̾˿
ħʮˣһǲͣţ˵
翴Сܣֱʣʲôʧλɶ㹻˰ɣǲʲô᣿һʲô£˼Ҹëˣ
С͵رץԼͷµҾǲ֪ЩͻȻͲˣģһԹ֪ţƽʱÿ춼ƵСʱģЩ첻֪ôģĸݣÿʱӰСʱϱֻʣ¼ӣ֮𽥼ӶûˣƵк˵ͳˡ⼸ңѾƵˣҲҴ绰绰ȥʱռߣͨ˵ģͨʱ䶼һ֪𣿲һӣ
˵Сٴ̱ɳϣ˫
һǲˡ


186 ŵĴ
, ·ɥ龰ֿƲҡ
Ա߿оʮ
ͨʱֲǲӵ绰, ⸱һﵽ׻ǲǵ, ʼ˼Һʶʱж಻ԸȻϲԸʵô춼, ҲǲԸģǸʲô
ԪûиоվԳĬؿš
ţƤ, ûס, ȥһơƣ޵ֱ֣Сܵ
, ʧȾ𣿸ȣỹһ䣬궼С
Сܱơƶһʹ˵˭ʧأҲûʧ
ţ񣺡
Сܵ׻ơƵյ߶ֵֶֶһڹ°ƿŴһá
İ
Ȼʱ, ţѾˣԪһۣһС
׼ԡ
û, ҲˣͬܵСܵһȽ, ûţôƺȣҲԪСô, һС߿, һֺǺ, Сܱ˵ĴʱֱЦ
Сܣ
ͻȻ޲ȥˡ
ټϴ˿̳ﴫ˴㡭
ԪԱһ粢һԣĺнС
ţ̲סˣû
Ҳ̲סˣûҲС
糯һЦԼȥʢɣһǳԵġ
ţܻȥʱҲԱһ
˿̵СĨҲ˳Ϊʳˡ

һڵ˿ɳϣϵı鶼
СҲˣԼйĵĶӣ˸ö̵˵ҾԾͻȻæˣҲ֪ǲǲʲô¡ҰappЩӶˣҲûʲô¶Ҿе㵣ģҲҶʣӰ
ʵڷָ۴绰ᾭ˽ʹҲʱԽԽԺСܾ͸оԣ۴绰ˣһʲôΣյĵطͻȻ绰ȥô죿ҪǴ绰һ㣬۾ͻȴˣҲŴһΡûÿٸ֪ǰȫģľûˡ
С˼컹ǵģ߶߶߶߶ġ
ı⻹ǵܸܲɶġ
˼
۶˵ѵŮѣȥעСôһ˵ǷӦӦǱⰮŵλȥˡΪʲôֻǶߣΪˣѹûźŰΪʲôʱԽԽ̣ҲΪ̫˰ɡÿ۸ܼǵԼиѾͲˣĻʲô˼졣
Ԫ
[ʮǰⰮÿʮϵ߽磬۴ûȱϯ⣬Ⱞappм飬ںɫֵĻȡʽеĴڹڡ]
ĳҲϸ㶡
ϰϵͳ/ԪԻȻˣû¶κǷãһԪġһǵĻ
ţС˽飺㻹ǱϹˣ´ϵϵʱֱú̸̸ʱ򲻹ʲô֧־ˣҪʲôΪѵĵطô˼һ㾫ϵ֧š
СһͦеյͷҪͬͻȻ䷴Ӧʲô˼ֻܸϵ֧֣ĵط£
ţһЦ㻹ܸ˼ʲô֧֣Լû𣿡
СܱӣȻ͵ȥţŹ
ֲܿ´󣬸ɴء䡱űˮȺŹС
ԪɳĬ
üҲû˵
СôޡţĽ黹еġֵָ֧ǲ֣ǼȻСѾܵĺˣôԼһϹ£ֱӿʣһ˵ȻܰˡӵҲˣ׼֮ǾҪʲôĺãᣬӰ顣

۽ɱʮĸȾߣɱеˡ
ֻúƽĺɣƽϲľԼ๫£๫ȤĶΪ׬ɫ֣Ҳòǰ磬ÿնɱЩȾߡ
ЩȥҲͦƣģþûԼ๫úһˣʱҲо๫е㲻ˣֲζġ
룬ҪͣһͣɣպĩϢһ£๫úԼᡣĿǰͦֵܻģҲԸǺԵԼ๫
ôŵĺۣȫɣϵȥ׼ˡ
Сܡϣڴǰ׼ֱϵʱһ̧ͷͿƮԼġòĹ
ΪţֻҪΪԼġ
ҲǵһΣСѾϰˡ
СܶʱЦ¶˿ѩ׵ݣۣ
۾ؿ϶ʱҲ¶һ΢΢ЦݣһӻЩɱҲǼɲ
š

Сæǰæĺų̲衢׼ˮ֮ģȻź۳ԳԺȺȣоϢ˺ܶ࣬Ű˵Լ⡣
̲裬뵵ˮ޵ĵø֮ҲûôԥͰе¸
С˶ˡ
ûϾȻôĵطȥģô󶯸ɸģҲƭ˵лȥ磿
ģҴֽУ취Ҳһſʱȥزģֱ
СܣС̫жˡ
ЩôæΪյеĻҲ̫Ŭˣ˵ԺҪſҪȥֱ֮ǰ̫ˣȻôΪǽʱű䵭⣡
СһûסǰѺ۸סˡ
̫ˣŲҪһҲһֵܻġ
㶣̧Ҳػ§ס
ǰڣʱ²๫ʲôûϵ²µõӰǷ޵ĸԽԽá

Ԫĩؼҵʱ򣬱Ͻе鷿С
ϵı΢΢࣬˽󣬾ָָӶ棬¡
һоҪ̸
磬ʲô𣿡ʡ˵ǲʲôŵģ޾ԣʵԺӦû⡣
ֱ˵ſ£֪ˡ
һӦΪЩ鴮
ϵͷ
Ȼ
ⲻֲ֣ǳصģ϶ǴӸҪעһЩʲۺĸ̵ġһҶԣ۴С¶Ӧ͸ģѰԱҲʲôε£Ա鷳ҵõ˽һЩϢȻǲزסġ
ⰮкûȺ￴ʲôɱȻϸоƷġƷɲй֮𣿷鴮ռģȻһ۾˳
ѰǾһִģԱĽȻᾭ֣ôܲǾѾõſͻȻЩöأɵˣʻҲ͵ˡ


187 Ҫͳŵ
˵֮ǰձȥȲ衣
գգۣȲ裿Ȳ軹ǡȲ衯
ϣȲ衣
Ц̬Ȼԡ
ϵҲȥ, ЦЦ˵һЩ⣬Ҷˡɴذ̸ݶ˵˳

ⰮĿǰϼܵƷӵеĽͻȷо˺ܶ飬Ȼſ, ˿, ûϵ, ȫ뵽ﱸ, óԱһģһҳ, ͬ²ҳרŵоС飬нзԼԺļƻԭƻͺ󱸵ļƻ
뵽, оСܿ췢ƷĹ֮Ϊұͻظط쳣¼ѰڲǸǵȻ֪, ҸѰƷĽҲ֪ġ
Ǿͺܿ췢֣⹦֮ķ鴮Ѱṩһģһǻ˾ϡƺϵֶмֵߵķ鴮֣⾣ϵĵܵѺѼҲС
Ѱŷ仯ʱ䣬ı仯ҵ̬ȱ仯, Ѱľϵı仯˳һ߲ȥСƲҴ˰æݵĸӦþ͸ͬԪʱⲿžǼ, ûлҲѡǵ־ûй̽Ѱ
ڸݵ鵽һЩ˿, СΪ, Ӧȵõſ, һЩߵ, ʶ˴СպʼӵһʵԪ, ˫һʣΪѣһжϣʼſѰţȵ˷ң͹һµſþҲΪеĿˡ
Ϊ˱ʾ⣬СܳϿҵظϽһ̸֮󣬾ҲӶԷĿдŪԷľ
ϸ˵ƲѾ׼ȷˡ
ʵϡ
Сôϸ飬Ҳ뵽һӵȻôãпˣôɵظͬΪ˵ԪһᡣѾԵֺˣɺֻõһſţ绹Ҳһš
Ҳ˵һĿڡǵģѾĬԪǼҵĵλȻһſֻһģǰġ

˵ĵҳˣû˵ԪҲпˡ
ӣҲУҪˣ˵Ǯſ
ϵͷҲ˼
룺ܲôݸ潲Ƕǿɣȷʵ̫ˡ
Ȼϸ˵ʵ硢ԪֱϺģֱõſʵ㲻϶ô֣ƫƫǾۼһˣԵùɺˡ
ô룬ȴһ
粻֪ʵԪðƻȫõſģֻ֡
ûʲôϾʵ磬£˵ʲôûУ
ҲҪ˵
˼ǣȷѰعҹ򣬽ԺϣѰܸұúҪѰſ±ܣҪչĳԱΪеĿˣҪұ
ţƶ˵Ӧˡ
ϳϣš
ûʲôòӦġ
ھ϶ԣʵԺܶ˵ζȲ㣬ԸԱźĴʱľᷲ뵽ĽܹԼյĶҲύȥա
ǰ£Ŀǰϵ뷨ǣʹԼεҲֻԷһŸ׵öԷѳΪеĿˣܷɡ
ȻֻҪչпʱҪûжԸƣϵȻԸϵģʲôعҹ򡢸ұúϵⱾǾһֱ¡ѰǮѵֻܸҪҶѰҪ󲻻ϿһаչҲûʲôþܾġ
Ҳͬϵ뷨ֱӱʾǾɣ֪ԺƳһЩʲôʱҲĹעˡ˶٣磬ֻҪûиʲôŵ
˵ˡѰҵУǷϹĶȣԿ̵ƵĲᱻܼϵ˽˺룬ԤƵ鷳ʱԸϵн̸ݣ˵ҲԽ˽µԴ
ʱһЦˡ
Ҳ뷨Ұ¸һи
ɱʾˡ

ѰŵԱǣرǹ㣬һЩ̸ԼѵĿͻȻ˳˺ܶ࣬ŵҵϣǵй⣬·Ҳ硣
ҰҲ˼ԭصؽй̽˵ǸǵľйأԷ淢չһЩϵʹŵķչ˳
ԼһЩ󣬹㡢Աǵ̬ˡ
Ѱ£ǰ;ǸҵӵĳǺиɾɱϾżҲţ͵̫ᣬǺŵķչͻȻʲôطһӣºɿصĽ
ھͲͬˡ
Ǿţ
ǣҷŬع
Ȼһж˳ÿµĽҲˣ
ܹõڲ޸ԱҲԽԽ࡭

翿ڸϣǰϵͳУЩȾڶɱȾߵݣΪǵŬһ
ĶŬϿǻ¿ˣȫڽ߾ȫնɱȾߣȡ㹻ķҡ
ϿǴѾԼ㹻ĬԸȾҲԱȽϤһԼɱֵĳ򣬿׵ȾߣٶȰȫɵµĿǳ⣬ڷ֮󣬴󲿷ҲѸٵش̽Ϣȴ̽Ժ󣬾Ҳ磬ʼǵĻ̡
ǣܸȾеĸȾ൱࣬Ҳкüǳر
ѾľϵϣΪ͵ˡָ൱ϣֱ˰ǼǳռֹؽҲһıݡû˿ڰùΪĻ˶ˣʳǱ㹻٣ʹ汻ˣҲ㹻١
һжԺ󣬿²Żڶ˿½ŵͬĳǳʼϢ˿ڵĿ

Ԫ뷨Լָǰһ㡣
ʶ̧ͷ
ɲǼ䣬ͿгƬٿȻӿǰγһƬɫĹĻ
ܿ죬Ļϳ͹ͼϸȥȻɽǳ½أĺɫɫ㣬ֲڲͬķλ
㶣Ȼ˵ɫĹǻˣɫǸȾߣЩɫ㡭ָָĽ⣬еĿ˺Ǵİ֣
Ԫͷǵġ
磺һƬ⣬ǸȾȫò
Ԫǵġ
ٴοƬɫĻ
ɫĹγĹߣռͼһ룬ûкĵطŶǵͼһЩݻ͹ڣҲˮ˼ɽǱ߲ǵΧԼʹһЩȾߴڣҲǨƵطܼġҪѻĵطǸˡĺͱȽϡ衣
ɫһƬƬĺֱϡٵʱ򱻺ѻѹֻż˸һµӡһСһСĽ⡢һСƬһСƬĽ⣬ĺﲻʱ֣ܿͬӡ
ͺ֮żֵһСմֻ̹ģӦǱղѾĳǳأǸԵкŨѪߣǱסĸȾߡ˸żֿնȴֱܿ⸲ǵģΪпڲɱȾߣȴиȾӿ
Ƭֻ̹һطȻǻʳǱˡ
һ߿⡰ͼһϵͳϲͣ仯ݣоǺֱ۵ġ
εĻӦûˡ
ļ룬Ȼͻǰ㶨ġ


188 ˬ
۲Ⱦʱ, еſ̧߽һλʿ
λʿò㡢ᣬһͷڰ׵ͷʾʵͬòһʵ
Ĵһ, ʿ̵سǰ, һֱеſƣ̵˽ȥ, վһȦ
Ӻ, ߳

翴Ⱦ, ͷԪ
Ԫ˼, ָȥ, Ƭ⡰ͼ˲仯Ϊһ, ·ˮһٵؾ£ջأûָ֮ڡ
žüȺÿͦ棬ЦЦ
Ԫ΢΢ƫͷ, ƺʲôͻȻѣˬˡ
һ, Ȼˬ˭¿Ǹﱻͽá⡱޵λʦ
Ȥ
ԪȤ, ܿǰóһˮ
ȻǸڰ׳ĿʿȻˮ롣
ü, Լϵͳ, 鿴չ嵥
йħвǸڻԵĵϣȻгһġͬĵرмƷ, ҲԵķ
ؼ
ʮĿ
Ȼһɨ嵥, ȷʵһź쿨, Ķ, ǹˬ
ԣԳ۵ЩƷô͵ȫӵеģӦöڹˬ˽⡣
ſˬϡ
ˬ˳˼ֲֲͬ˲ңҲ֮ǰ˽İͽԻ쿨ɶЩ͸˻԰ɡ
ôڹˬҪʲôȥ
ڹˬϣȻؿŹˬ߽ˡȪݡ

һʱе
ǵȪȪˮҲһ㣬ҲǶףˬĽ׾ҲԶˣȪȥȪô΢΢ԼҲͨݵӡ
ĬĬؿŹˬ߽ȪݣҵƷߵǸȪ·˽ȥ
һƬˣ㶺תͷԪ
ԪҲ硣
ȻҲǣҪ֤˵˽
Ԫͷǡ
һתͷٴοˬ
ˬĴӽȪԺʧˣֻڵУ˫ۣؿڳӱϣԣһı顣
ȻһӣȪˮϳһ̣мŨĲȣһСƿơ
ˬԼһСƣſһСãһ÷
磺
ûʲôĿģΪݸȪ
ԹˬԸжϣﲻԡ
룬ûˮŲ
Ԫųһˮ֮ǰһ沢С
µˮеľӳĿǰепˡ
ææµµģôСٶԱһˮڵĹˬԵô΢ˡ
Ҳǣˬڵȼߡĵر࣬һλȨصĳϣô꣬ͷıȻ٣óͿԻȡٵķңҪ𽵹󣬻ȥȾλɲڵú
˼һºߵˣԪˬſԺȥȾû
ûôעΪϵͳԪһ֪
Ԫ˵ˬûȥȾ磬ѾȥΣҴӸȾУ׽ͬȼĸȾߣħв硣
磺ɶ
ԪظһղŵĻ
е£ѸȾߴħвʲô
Ԫ˵͸˹ˬ
磺˶٣Ȼأ
Ԫ˵ˬ̫ˣɱеĸȾߣҪһʱÿȥȾĿǰڽӽһ׵ʵÿ׬ȡ3000Ϸңعħв硣
˲˸ǧҰҪɱ1ĸȾ߰ɡ
̫ǼһʵĴÿҲֻ׬ȡǧҵķңͬһףȴ׬ȡǧһ󾳽ĲǺܴģˬǻԵʦôŻԱȻΪһ¾еġҲÿ춼Ҫﵽްɡ
磺˻Եظ̾Ҳֹܹˬ⻹Ȼ͸ȾߣҲ̫ˡ
ˬͲģֲˣǿͣû뵽ͽܾȻٴνֱӸġز
绳ɣˬõſԺ󣬿϶Ҳȥ翴ģϾǿ߻ߣ˭һȫͬأƫƫڴ֮ǰʡĵͽ͹ˬЩȾߣֱӰĵòȥˡֻҪ뵽ȥԺһȥȫô۾ЩȤͱˮƵģȫˡ
ܲµ뷨ӳڲ龰ˮϷɢȥ󣬳˸ȾлԵӰ
ʶؿȥ
˿̵ĻԣһٶȾ߰Χš
ˮ¶һ˲ֻȾצӣӲͬλץ˻ԡĸȾҲǰ̣˷ذ϶Ŷ̰顣
ƷǳΣ漫}ˡ
ԣǡһ˫ס
ˬóƣôΪĵӣȻѧҲƣƽʱ԰ѹˬԺ󣬹ˬҲѵӡ
ʿģһ˵ȾߵĲ޷ͻƷȾǵģҲҪԻʦТ˳ӶԣʡȻҲ̫˷ˡ
͸ôһ˫ףĴԺܺãԺǸķˡ
ǣֻȾץʱǰֻԴƲ֪ĸǶƳȥһֻȾߵԴ
ʱ򣬻ʣһֻǴģûȥˡ
Ըɴû㿪ǸȾץϡ
һ˲˲ؿš
Ȼ󣬻ϵһư׹⣬ǸȾֱӸȥˣ
ͬʱԳ˷һȦİơ
࣬ܳƣĳһȦУÿһζһŸȾߵԴڰƹȥɲǣ˸ϡ顪ôơ
΢顣
ˣԵҲŷķأǷİ׹ǷԴķǼһ֮һֻ㣬ҲΪ׼˸ЩȾߵԴǾƵķΧڣԳû˳ơ顣
һԵش˼ʮֻĸȾߡ
ȻΧĸȾ߻кüʮֻ
ڿն𡪡ԣȻûǺϳһ˫ŷһޱȡ£˫ÿһƿкüԴŻ˲ʮӵʱ䣬ѾûеԴ
ţԸ߸˵ջس򣬱Ÿ첲վ·롣
ԼһŸĸȾߴӸ򱼸һ㶼ţҪϸͣڳء
翴ˮһС˵ĹˬٿұȻڷܶغȫĻԡӦҪͬԵģȴ֪ôģеͬˬ
ˬҪԼҵӣǵѹܷúܿģ˭˵ȥֻ˵Һùˬû⻭ˡ
ҡҡͷ׼ٿȥ
ԪҲ̧֣ԤĻˮĻ档
ǡ
ͻȻϣԪȵȡ
Ԫͣ¶
ԭǹˬſ壬ֱӻһңľ顣


189 ˬ
ˬΪĿǰԪһʵǿĴ, Ծܵٶ൱ġ
ֻӣѾеľ鶼˸һ5ľ൱֮ӣôӵľȫ
Ȼ, ˬıͶڡ
˼һ, λʿִˣžǡдԲۡɡ

ʱĹˬ̵ֻȪˮˡ
ȫǿ±ƣ·кܶ໰ڲϵˢֻĻͻġ
[ͽܣ][ͽܣ][ͽܣ][ͽܣ][ذͽܲģ][ûиôһͽȥˣ][ǰɲǰҲôҰɣ][ȥͽܣ][ԲԲԲЩ˵ͽܣ][Сû˵һٰʮٿ㻹ħ][ΪʲôһûЩ⻹ڣ][С˵ôЩ⵱Ʒ][Ҫ]
ؽɴ, ˬ͵, ޿̣һƺȪϡ
ɲǼ䣬Ȫˮ͵شڸ, γһˮˮΧŽȥΪóȥͦ, һ˲ˮλȻ½һ롪Ȼֲܿˡ

翴ŷŭ״̬еĹˬ, յԪĶߣ˵һ仰
Ԫͷ

йĹˬĨ˰Ĩϵˮ
Ȼ, Ժ𡪡
[⵽˹вƲȪ̶Ƚ, Ҫ۳1000ҷ]
[ע⣬Ѵſ۳]
[˰вƲžͬΪ]
ˬıһ, ʶؿԼſ塣
Ȼ, ԼĻ, ۳һǧҡͬʱĻһѪġӴѣǷԭ
ˬ
ʧߣǿԼˡ

΢΢һЦԪȸĴָɵúá
пĲƲһ뵽ҵ̲֮סٿѵġҲǵ΢ԣ˵㣬ƻĲôУôɵģ͵÷
ҲΪ˿ԵʣǱ߱ΪһӲˬĹˬ侲˺ܶ࣬ûּȱƻܷŭĸˡ
룬ָԪ˵ϵͳԿǵķӦб𣿡
Ԫʲôбݣֱ˵бݣԵ
ͷҼǵǰЩҲмᾧȻ볬ѣҲܻеʲô°ͣʵôʹϵͳľ飬ǰЩѾˣ߳дŵģʽ⣬˼ġ
Ԫͷһ˿⣬Ȼܿ췴Ӧ
ʦͽ𣿡ʡ
ȻһЦԡȤζ˵ҽһӰ񵵰ͼ¼Щ֮ĹѪ¡ѪǿԺķӦرǹˬһȴ˵ģǸɵרʦͽܣúõظǱ
ԪͷӦ˵ϣܳѡ
̬Ⱥ࣬΢΢һ
ЦЦǰôλûܳѣ»˵׼Ծ̾һϣܳѡӻ뵽취ġ
ֻǻô˵볬ѿ϶ǧѵģͨǴģǰЩϵͳĸǴûԼô֮ϡ˵ǰλӶİɣʹǿǿҲﲻһ
糶ǡ
ʵΪһƽƽô꣬ԶԶûľͷҲ̾׷ѵ޷԰εĵزãѲˣֻܵʱ϶ҲѾ꣬ʶ޾羰Ҳ˲ǣ
ֻáǸʱ᲻õģ»Ԫɡ
һ·ֱܸģҲֻԪѡ
Ԫ֪ʲôʱߣ˶ٺסļ򣬱𣺡Ҳٻˡ
һ㶡
Ԫ˵㲻ܳѣҾǣñԼȥ
Ԫ棬һʱ侹Ȼ˵
һȥϵͳҲǣǸǡͲԪˡ
ǡ
ſڣðʣΪʲô
òˡԪΪʲôܳѣԪҲټȥˣ
ţȻǸѧôˣ׵ģǸĸ塣ʵһҪһ𡭡
Ļ֪ôȥ
Ԫȴ˵㲻һ𣬾̫û˼ˡ
ٿȻ䣬޹ġ
úʲôԾˡ
ǰֻԼԼżеֵĸоأĲԾˡ

Ԫڼֵ˵Ҫѡ
ӣҾȫ˶٣㻹ǰЩӰԺʲô˼Ҳ
Ԫؿ硣
е㲻˼ǲĻ˵Լ뷨
һȺܶܶԺ󣬲ܿ˶٣пյʱ򶼿԰ӰóҲһζҲʱǵľڲͬˣɻζŻζţҲܰĸоһˡͻȻܸˣʱ˵Ӱڿ˶˵ĴУĿɾͶǵĺʷ;˼԰ɣ
Ԫǡ
ȺǳȷһЦݡ
ţ˼֣صسŵá

ˬ󣬻ָƽʱǸģ
ͷβѾٴϸϸһ顪֮
һԼǸɵͽܣȥˣҪȥҲʹڸȾͺãôĵطôĹѵ𣿾ԺҪ˼ʽѧơһľҲطҪħ磬Ѿô࣬ȥĸУûҪħġҪȻᵣʲô˵ĲɿɵͽܻײǸֻгķɵͽɵҲˬͽܣˬôᶼԣ˾ͱ۸ɵͽˡ
ڶɵͽǿħѪ飬Ͻ˵ˡͷȥҵ㶫裬ϴһ£ٱһͰħ滹ԴǷ˰ٱֹ
Լ
ˬû뵽ԼȻᱻôļһƵòñ֮ûˡʲô취ͽܶծϱӿǷ˻СһԴⱲӲǱ벻Լ۾ô⣬ȻһۿСӾ;ԼԵͰ͵ƼȥڣͰ͵ذ˸յ״ӣ벻ͨݾ鿴ڲĻ˵ΪСӵǹ⻷ɡնˡ
ְѾ鷴˺ü飬ˬסһЩҪϢرǻᱬԴĵطҪμǡ
ˬȻǼǹŵģŶʦͽֲ̲̬ȡе¾Ͳˡ
⣬ˬȥԺû԰ſķȫתԺµظɵͽܷǮͺãĻʦıܡСŵǮԲ1000ϣпȥ԰汾ľ顣
ˬ룬СʢģǿֱſУľͲˣҲ湴˼ˡСڻɵţʦĻúúõģͲͽȥǹνˡ
Сӻħ鲻ҲͰˣұøһͰȸϡ
뵽⣬ˬȪ߳ѣ뿪Ȫݡ
ףʦʵ̫ܱӻӣҪȻСӺ߶Уڱ˱
ˬӴӣ߽
Ǿͳ桢ԴḻϽͻơ


190 ƴ
ĳ, ˬϥ룬˫Ŀգ˹
ĹƷܸ, ԼʹвٻķţҲûиĻ, Ծרһֶѡ
ĵͬϥԪӤ˫ĿҲǽյģȴ΢΢ſСڡ
һ̣б븹, ڵ˲ûԪӤС֮, ͬʱԪӤĵﲿλһĨ׹, Ĩâڲϵرø
翴˿λķʽ, ſԿӦù˶ãλ˳ͻƵĽˡҲħĻڡ
Ȼ, ҪǸӲջҪŬ㣬üӿС
ĬĬջߡ
ѾƿܾûûͻƵĹˬ, ڼֱֻʣһ㴰ֽ, Ҫ, ܵһĴ̼Сܽô죬ƿôΪŭͷ, İɡ

ʱ, ̫Ŭ, Ҳܵһ㼤
תͷ, Ԫ˵Ԫ, ȥȾɣ󡣡
Ԫ˵á
һ׼ȫѹեͣעңҪҺĿ˾ͰҴߡ˶٣ʱ϶ûˣ͵ÿæˡ
Ԫ˵á
ſڣ˵ʲôģ벻»⣬ǿ˵еĵɡͻˡ
˺ܿ촫͵Ⱦ硣
ȾҲȫʧӵʱ䣬Ѿ໽ųڽֵĸ
Ҳǳֵĵص⣬ĿǰϹĸȾȻʮ֮һ22ϵĸȾߣٶȵȻҲ졣
΢΢࣬һץ֣Ȼָǹ֮ϣȻͳ˾ֻ֧һಡ
ֱɶգۼɢȥÿһ֧׼һֻȾߣֱӹᴩǵͷ­
ֻȾ߱մĸȾǰ̡
΢ָУû˿ɣ֧ʮ֧ʮ֧棬ֻҪһιңɳľǳƬļꡣ
ĳһɢȾȺУиȾ߶ټʮ׿⡣ЩȾô߼ЩĸȾ߻ǿ侲õͼȾ߸Լ·Ҳûӹʸܡ
ûӣȾ߱ա
΢
ĸȾߣڸ·ϡ
ȻȾٴ
Ƥٴη꣬ǵء
ء
֪˶ãڸоڵĻļ࣬ٹһ󣬵ĸɺѾǳԣЩʹ
û⣬֪⻹Ǽޡ
ӿٶȣӵвϵǰѳ֮ϣֹһʹЩ˺Ѹˡ
ѸӵͷǸССĺڶڲϵԵЩ鴤ĸо
鴤ԽԽңȻɫСƺٶͻ˺Σգ
ףĵˡ
תȻΪһѳûעǵܣɱĸȾС
֮󣬾
˰Ҳեɵʱˡ

޶ȽԼı˵ҪʹٶҪһЩ·ǮôⱾͲͬȫ˵£ֻҪ˲ôһûУҲʹָܷӲĲעʱȫֻˡ
һÿһնʱҲͬвƵģֻҪ׼ǶȣһԵؿüȾߣĸȾ߾ûбٻֻʬ嵹Դѡ
ٶҲܿ졣
Ȼ˵ûûʱȫֻܿڵٶȣϾǶ׵ߣߣ̶ȴʵʹûעڣƾҲ൱ǿ󡪡ͨ˱ǴǱȳ˻˵ĳ̶ȡҲֻ1-3ĸȾ﷢ӣ45ĸȾߣӦҪѺܶˡ뵥ƾǵĻ4ĻӦһ£5ģôһСĻǿܲԷġ
Һãѹû45ĸȾ֣߳3ģ¾ʮΧŹҲﲻжĵز
ɵػеĳΪһӰĸȾ֮䡣
أֱ۸оأҲ𽥳
ٹһ˫ҲЩˡ


191 ԪǮ
ڸǿûֵ֧ɱ, ȻҲӽľҪԼƵ޵ģԼʹѾ۵Уڼš
ֹ˼Ӻ, ֫Ѿᵽ̧һ˿ֻȾߵԴ˫һ, Եȥͬʱ, ЩȾǵı, צ׷׳ץЩɫ𽥱ƽѾҪϡϾҪצ̴
粢ûеķ
ʵҲȷЩȾߡЩצһ˲ͱһƬ, ͬһ˲, ûеڵϣǱһ˫ı۰סˡ
̧һЦ, ˵л˰Ԫ
Ԫһȥ, ˵л
Ԫһֱһ⣬粽ȵΧкܶȾ߳˹, ÿʱ, ᱻڻУΪС
类, ʹ, ˼٩Ԫ, Ʋԣʲô̫ҵˡ
Ԫû˵ֻǻ˸ƣСƵİȲϣ̶˫һֻȸһֻ§
磺
ƸһѾˣ绹ǹء
ѾԪ˵ٻˣΪԪѾý߿˷ţֱӱȻˮ̿ϳһոµġɾĴ
Ԫֱӷڴϣ첲ȶȫڷ׵
磺̫ˡ
ԪӦõġ
ССغ
ԪͻȻʣ𣿡
ع񣬰ҵ˼ȫӿ˵е㡣
Ԫû˵ͳһ
ڿ磬ںḻҴûʲôôԣ⽬û취ָϾȼȻ̫ˡͻָûġ
ԪժһţֱӸ
ڼɲǼһ֭Ӻͷ룬ֻһȫֻӹȥͻָˣǶе۵θҲ滺˺ܶࡣ
Ԫιź˵ˡ
ʣԪģ
Ԫ˵ġ
һ㶡
ԪժһţͽѵеҺƽֵġ
Ȼ֮⣬ԪǮ
Ԫ˵úӵʱҲзҡ
ͷô¡
ĸģʡ
Ԫش𣺡ñݡȻ󲹳䣬ӵ⣬ֻҪʱáԿҵĹ¼
ˣȻٻϵͳ塣
ҳϣȻһ֪ͨ㿪һдһ仰
ϵͳAཬʮţֵ1000ң500ҡ

⽬ӿֱժģûǮȫԼҲûǮԪ1000ǻ˸ͬļ۸Ҳ˵Ԫ˸ûģҲԪԪǰչذˣⲻǰ׸500
Ԫƺ뷨ޱ˵һ
磺ﲻһ
ʳͺˣΪȷʵһ
ԪһŽػش𣺡Ҹġ
ĬĬĽһʱ֮䣬֪˵ʲôˡ
ȷʵԪģιȷʵԪ͸ġɡ
Ӻָ˴롣
ԪصҲûȥĵطֻһңɻָԼ
ȫָԪٴ緵ظȾ磬ȫˣԪ編ƣ֮ǰһһģһ̡
һһεظ
ڲեԼͲϻָĹУڸоﱻѹš
ڲ֪˶ʱǸɫССָ׸ôС̬ΪĴָһ㣬ֻǻԲġڵġŻϵرɽ룬ıԵҲȶ
ǵģһ̣ͻƵ׾ˡ
ٶȣν졣
ǡ
׿ʼͻˣٶҲܶࡣ
һҪԭ򣬴žǡ
ķ⡣
ϵͳ׶ΣҪ1000ͻƵĽףɷҵĻҪ100ҡ
̾
ʵѾչÿˣҲͦģŬ׬ǮҲŬǮ˲ٷҵ֡ǮĵطҲ֮ܶ࣬ǰеſͽ¿ˣĿǰͷĻҲࡣ
ΰɡ
籾ΪԼǲҪȥǸȾߵĻģڿǵȥһΣ׬ٷҾ׬١
Ԫ㿴ſǮ
Ԫ𣺡á·Ǽɲسһ˲üһע⡣ʵڲʱҿԸ㣬Ӱġ
ס
ϵͳȻܣʵϳǱҪȴ̸ϵͳͷҵ⣬Ǳ˴ղأԱ˽
ڡ
ϵͳҲԪ
ϵͳղı˴˱ǲҪԪҲġ
ͻȻܺãУҲҪǲˣŲһŲ
Ԫš
룬ȻʣķҶû
Ԫһ֡
գգۣʲôˣ
Ԫش𣺡һ޸©
ˣǣϵͳΪǰ۶˲٣кܶС©û޸꣬ÿʲôûõʱ͵޲һ¡޲ѡģ޸ʱϵͳǸԳһġ
˵޲£һࣺˣıôﲻҪ޸𣿡
ǰ֪ϵͳԪʱϵͳһäĿεģΪϵͳʲô⡣ȻҲϵͳģһѪվԼߵԪҵĽôã֪ϵͳ͵ԪⲻҪൣһ㡣
ԪҡҡͷСë޸Уṹȶ
ĵĲûˡ
Ԫ£ϢۿɼġһЩ˵û£磬ʹŽǿߣҲ޷ƻϵͳķƽһƣҲһ񣬵kǲҵתҲܵش
Ԫ˵ôƶ΢΢ġ
ͬʱҲ֮ŬǮȡԪ޸ˣ޸Խ࣬ԪӦûԽȫԽӣҲ£ǽԵĽ׹ϵϲֻԸŭͺá
ȻľãҲסôǰҲٴ̽ҲûôֵˣΪĴڶһ㣬ֻҪҪ̫֣kӦҲȥʸٻһδؿ׵ɡ
粻Ծ˼ò
Ԫٴ뷨ȴûп˵ʲô
ȴд㡪ϵͳǲµģɼʹˣҲ߾ȫȱסС磬Сܻȥ
Ӻ͵¡á
Це˵ҾͻԺҪȶһʵȥȾһ
Ԫ΢ůͷͣãȥ

Ϊʵͻƣһʱಢûа׷ѣȴͬʱԼʽٴνҪ̬һˡ
֮ʹ˵Ѷÿ춼ǸоԼġ
еҵӡ
ԺЩѾ󲿷ʱ䶼˸Ⱦ磬ˢ֡׬ȡҡ粻̫ʱÿ׬ң棬ʵҲͻƵףȻ׬ǮҲ˺üȲŶӺЩˣԼÿҲˢʮʮ򲻵ȣ൱ߵЧˡ
ÿһϣЩҽ壬Ұŵװס
һԪһ򽻸Ԫȥ޸ЩԪ˵ԱȽʺ޸©
Ԫˡ
ûܵʲôǮӹñȽϳʵʵӱȽѸͣҲΪá
ż״ͷֻŪԴ۸УҲܰѵı˳ӵвֽڵͽڻ𣬶羣ǡǻԵģ־ѵĹһ־ѹ󣬽ڻҲܰ
֮ĹϵۿɼظЩǵڲѾˮɡ
Ϊˣһ죬Ԫ֣һһòˡ
ٷУǳλɩ/򡪡ȻƺûôͬѰֱӽС硱ġ
ָŸԪһݡ
ͬһһƫС
ȷϵɿˡ
ʱԭˣԺ󻹻ʲô£ڸϣǲź
ͬʱϰЩԵĹָ
еɼ˾ͽǰȾ磬սͬ׬Ǯ
ҲһȤġ
ûпǣڷº·ҲʱͻרԼˡ

ɽ񱼣ֻż˲ӰıйŨĺڷ֮䣬Լ¶һ˫Өɫ˸׹⣬ǷƵģɿسǰ׷ϵٶȿ쵽˼¡
񱼼ʮ·ֻӶˣһֻҩСƽʱΪҲΪƵģôƫƫôùȻһֻ
С֮һ


192 
ǵ, Ӿôңرࡣ
ǣʲôӥȮ갡߰ϲֻģӶô, Щرϲ, Ӿ߲
ڵİƴ, ƴ, ƴܡܵöҪˣǽ׷ᣬǴߵģ, ܻܵÿʺã͸ôîˡ
֮, Ҳ侲
Ҫǰ϶Ѿŵ, ŵ, βͬ, нָ, ǲûģֻܱסָ̫֪֮࣬
ǰֳ׼һᣬ嵽ɽ¡
׷ɽ£ɽºΪԼϾܿеǰ, ϵ̰ȫûڡû뵽, Ȼɽȥˣ
, û˿ԥˡ
ɲ, ܵɽ±, ·ȥ
û, һɽʶģСһۿ׵֣ǻ˼֣µģûܻġ˭Ҳ֪µ׵ʲôһȥܻصĽ֮أһͷ츳ͨ·ŴϢ˵ɽ쳣Ӳĵ棬һǵȥĲͳͳˤ
ֻŻһٶô͸ȥ
֮УûпӰΧҲû͹ġܵɽʯǹƵĶɽڡ
ԣˡ

ôҵԸˤҲӡ֮˵ıʤһԵô£һҧ̫ƻˣ֮ǿʳԼ׳ɵġ
ôƣҲǼȶʵֻ㬵צӣתˡ
֡
ȷʵˡ
ۺηµġ
߷Хһ˫ۣͮͮԼϵ׹
¶ʧأԼڲϵؽӽ桭ۼôɸͻҵʱһٻ֮ţǡǰ
ſдŵſڣ˿
ûеĿˣںö֮ǰ͵õеſоҪܵĽָ
һֻûнָڱ׷ɱʱŲ·ᵽɽ£ʹȥˣҲ¡ǿʳģˣץҲȻģˤҲԵ¶ǲڵģ˭еİǲأȻҲͲΪеʧȥǣ侲˼ʲôʽעĿ
Ǻ
ҲûԼؽеģԼƤëϵĻңһһߡ˹ȥ

ǡȤǵ״ҲǡÿһĻ׷£±ơ龰
΢飬΢ӡ
֡Ϊ˸ǻʮŰ׿ʱ˵õſġ1Ŵһڻҡ

ԭŮ磬Ϊһ࣬һͨĴׯĸͨѰգеŮΪСͿۣеʱ򾭳Ϊ˲ÿĶޣʹͲϲѾͷƬӡĸĸϲǿ꣬˵ˣȴ¶˵һЩôϸ˼ּĻָһЩͨ˸Ķĸĸ˶˸е£Ϊ˵ЩҲһЩ֡£Ͱ˲Ĵڡƫƫʱиϵʿӣ˵ǱҪֻһ죬ôܴѡ
ŮڼϷŻյʱһŮʿ·ŮҰϵʿԭΡ
ԭϵʿֻɾ󣬿Ů۵ģŮ˵֣Żյϵ֮Ȼʹ۷ԵŮ
Ůʿɱ󾫺󣬴ŮΪͽܣӴŮ͸Ůʿѧϰһǧҳ֡Ůĸʹ󾫲аսթҪǺˡ
ҲֻŮСʱĿ͵ŮʿźۼףеֶҪһ򾡣·ģҲа·ģ߲Ҫǰߴһͺá
߻Ϊ飬ȫƾǡŮ¼
˼壬һŮʿ߱Ҽ¼նħߺǽ¡
֣ŮıһҪ/
ŮʮʱŮʿΪΪٳٲܳ޵Եʣܵ͵ۣһβʱ򱻹֣һӺܶవ뱬ԴۿŲΣ
Ϊ˾ȻʦŮֻ취ȥҩӵ伮ڰ֮һɽֹҩͷɿظϹȥˡ
ȻŮôãȻҵҩҩʮһ죬ڲŹ˰ѣٵժʦѹŲʱʱСܵʹ޵ʱһĸϸΪʲôޡ
װ׾ģͨŮ۾ƳһӾͿһֻڶֺʱ̣һ䣬ʵʺܸɾʹ˵Լû뵽ǣһȻʹһҪĲҩԭóҩƽʱһЩҩģǡþд
ŮõҩԸȥۣŮʿκ͵Ůһ˵ܸһʦ
ԺˣʲôҲûҪŮϷʦǰ˵ģµĺҲв٣Ҫֿ
Ůʱʱɸ봫飬˱ѣŮһЩҩ֪ʶŮ˵һЩºһЩԼľ˳˺ܺõѡ
ŮΪ𽥱ƽͣ͵ĵҲһǧŮʿοŮʮԺ󣬾ͿʼȥһֻЩġó·ĸӣרŸšΪʱŮһЩزֵͬʱҲͨţҲһˣЩβЩ˹ȥǱߵҲǿԵġ
ϧŮδֹ̫ˣһȥһҳǼĶǼŮ˵˹ͨβõģ͸ָһ·˵εĴ԰æȻӦˣԺҲ˳ҵŮκ˹˱ǸмģŮ޸֣һȻˡҵ˾ŮеĴ򿴹صĲΪŮͺܲˣû⣬ȴ˸֪Ǹʲôŵһ͸ڵɽ
ٵǸԻʵݣ뵽ʶĺ뻿ֲ֣ǺͶˡ
ԻʵҲӵУͶпơ
ԾֻˣûԻĸ٣Իһķƣԭߡ
Իûץסȴڸܳһ·ԺͱˣȻ׷׷һ·Ժ󣬰˺Եˡ
Ůûлظ֮¿ʼ飬֪ʵ顣ܺڣæģ̫ӽ˺һСŮ׷ٵͷɱˣѾزˡ£Ůľõ˳ɳ˽ʱҲǰһˡڻҵʽľûֹŮĻɱôֻƬһӰ
ܹ͡˵ӡ


193  δˣĿڿڣ
Ȼ, ǲԭѡ
ֵõſһоͱĸҩĸԻۣѹ벻, æʹԼܵҩ˷жġѾо͸ĳ۸, ȡķҾԼҪֲ/ֲ, , ԼǰźõҩҲ۸, еĲۡ
ҲΪ, ֲ˼ѹûԼӦһ¾, Լʲôӵġ
ΪǺһѾ, , Ҳ
ҩľŲ, ԡڵǸ磬ͨأֶܶеѪŻͬ׳ɾ
ͨˣҲ, ɾûһǺʲôɾ͵ġƫƫֲŻôͷӵΣʦͨѧôҩЩҩЧ, ԸҩҲкǿı
˵ûѪ˭ţ
ʵҲȷʵС
óҩϿ, Ϣ, ɲǵҩѪֱһ, ͷǳҩõѪ
˵, Ϊû飬Լʹõ˺üֺȤҩģȴڳ޷԰Σʵû˿Ҳûþ鷢ʲô仯ŮѾüˣ˵ǿŶԷһСﳤɴ˵⣬еСĴȰȻӦȥκ˹Ҳɷ˾еЩ¡
ΨһĲֻͬڣûԼҲ硣
Ժں֪طӦӦðԼľϰԵ߽ке㲻˼߳սŵ˸ڵ̣ʼԼĿ棬Ŭһҡ
翴ôŬͻȻ˼
š
ѾԷеĸҩˣ˵ʵڵģõҩĲرãƳҩƷȴооᴿһѪû׼ԺܳΪһλɫĴ
ɸҩ֡ҩһ൱ĶԱȣǾǡȻһѪϰʱٶȼӿ죬ʤͨӾԼѹͲرôӴҩԴֿǺ޲ҹҹҩѾü춼ûɹˡ
ʵѾͣ
ж츳ĶûȤģѵһʱԼ᲻ġҪаֻĿǣǲӦøҲһµƷ
ͱ硭
üëһͷԪ˵ԪſϿһεδˡô
Ԫһ٣εΣˣ
ѵÿԪ⸱飬̲סЦɷнµ˵ҾֺУѵĿ˼ʱٻʵߵĿ˹ȥǶԸԶԿĵˡΪʲôеεδˡǵȻΪεΡʾĿ͵εδſεκеʱ򣬾֪ԼѸǰæˡ
Ԫ
Цʣô
ԪĻشͦá
һ̣ٿظоԪСζˡ
˼ԻҪ̼̼𡭡
ԪѸ˿̵˼ſڣջǱϡ
룺С簮ôôɡ

û鶼Ϊεδˡ
ϸǹ󣬵ȷһµ飬ǰȫȴǣӶ顣
Ҳǿ˹Ӷ˵һطappǷİࡣ
ӶڲַΪĲ֣εδˡͺ
εδˡΪĶȤζȻΪһʽִݵطǰΪӰ黹ǿԵģп˵㿪Ӷ飬ôһ̧ۣһڵһʱӳǵ
˰Ĺ˵ڱڹܺͽȹܵĽϡ
˵ڹܡ
һǹӶߣһǱӶߣôǰΪΪڡ
߶Ҫעᣬ˽ǻౣģֻܿڵĻϢҲһ΢صĳ˫ԼԸ⣬򶼻
ʹģ˽ҳעΪԶƥ䱣ڡ
Ϊ˿֮ĺгƥƥ䣬ǲܾ̾ģڽܹӶʱΥôвʵ֮󣬾ͻ߿Ǯ˻ֲʧҸƥһµıڡ
ð־
һϲҲϲӾϲլڼҩżҲΪ˰æԼҩоﵽһ׶ˣ׼ȥ˾ԣĸطҩˣȥժһ¡
һʵǲģָܲÿΣվֱɣܷӦҵʱȥҲãһСĽָ¶Է취ҲԷһſʱͱԷñֱֶϮһӦǲ𣿾ſ԰УҪҲǧѵġ
ڵþڴˣһڣԷӶ𣬶Է͵ȥ߱Ҳ̫ע⡣
ڱڶԣʲôôأ
Ϊһ˵ʱֻҪһǮͿֱӵˣǴԽķñȽϰ󣬱СǧɣֻҪ1000ҾͿǹȥǾҪ2000ң֮ÿһζҪ200ңνǷǳ޶ëˡ
ǵȻʶ磬ԴİֻҪȥˣ㵽Ժ۸УҲ׬ǮİǴԽķ̫ˣȥ˻ϵ鷳Ʒܼʱ˳ĻҲ鷳û취ȡ̫Դͷ˵Խķöֱǲ׬Ҫܶ࣬¼ʶ硢˼ʶҲסôġ
пھͲͬˣԽȥķȫɹеġ
⣬ڽܹӶʱֻҪͬ⣬ҲԶνߵ磬ڼ䲻Ҫκáôɾܼķⲻ˵ҪȽϿͣа취׬ǮǸǴ׬׬ҲСǧĿܸĹӶѲ̫࣬ɶԷڵȴһܱ˽չƷĻᣬҲǱ˴˵ˡ
Ϊһƽֲ̨ƵģҲܰװ׵ؿܡ
뱣ڵĿˣƥ䵽Ժ󣬴ԽķҪȸģȹӶɺ󣬱ڻһӶҪύС
ӶҪ٣ҪϽеıǶ١
Ҫݱڵʵͼжˡ
ҲеĿˣΪεδ˰ıں󣬾ͻһжϱ׼
ΪǵʵȼڼǱڣ׵ľǣһһǣ׶ǣԴơͬǼıڶһļλס
䱣׼۸񣬾үүǳ۸ʮ֮һ
ԭܼ򵥣үүҪǽ֪ʶģҲ뿪ߣ׬ʲô죬ȻҪһЩġھͲ̫ͬˣҽֻǱ֧Խķã׼۸Ҫ˺ܶˡ
׵үүһ1ңǵıأʮһҡ
Ȼˣ׼۸֮˵ףָܵ۸񡣱ٵǼǵʱͿ˵Լļ۸ܵĳĿ߻Ҫһнƥʱ򣬾ͻȸƥЩûҪıڣϱ׼ıڶжҪѡɹڷΧѡ


194 ȡ͡
ȶ¼Ǳں, ǻӵһͷΣ䷢ͷεı׼ĴӶߵĺ̶ȡɶۺС
ڿ˸עΪʱƱ, ÿγȡӶɣʮ, һȼ, ΪͭƱڣȡӶĳɣһٸ, лΪƱڣӶͻɣ1000, ٴΪƱ, Ӷֻˣ1лΪϽ, Ӷһɡ
Ҳһˡ
ڿŵ˵ҪһӶ𶼲飬򲻿ܵġ
ڿԺףڹһֳʱĹӶˡ
ô֮ϵĽȹܣһڵġʱԵĹܡ
԰־
ûҪ, ˽ȣôʱ̸ƥһˮ֮ġ֮֡ǰſѾѸʶĶ⣬ѸٴݵǸֵſ, ô־Ҫǰڰֵ磬ϵ, ߴС
ֲǹ̶ģ˲ƥ䡣
лߵġ֡ɸѡʵ, ֪ͨԷϽȥǵ, ޶רŸ˵ġ֡ҵġڡ
ĴҪ֤Լʱ߲ҿƥ, ϾǧһܻĥĥĲǣڿԹһиܾء
ǻóˣǸĸǾͲ̫ˡ
ҵȻǺܰġ
ڹԣϲ߸ŸڣעҲǸԼԼȫſӦϡСǧĹһδ֣͵֧ǧңжѶȣõ2001000ȡǧǧ磬ôȥһ򡢶ʮңΪһɵɡ
ִǱڼְעˡʱҲУҲȥˣһ꣬͵뿪ǱŪʲôԴǮԴڸ˳ץһѣҲǰ̲ġ
ǵĺôһĳַѶѡ
Ҳ˴һ͵ء
ֹһҲܴ絽ſϵĶǣǿԤԼſ洢Լǿ󹥻йʱպֻʺϣôſת⼸ɱĵˣʱΣʱͳ׽Ȼܺãһûߵˡʱȴʱƥֵȡ
棬Ҳǰͷġ
ͱ硭
Ǳ֣ſԤ֪Σˣƥһ޸ǡڶô洢ڽſǿ󹥻ԶתֵſɲǣſͷŽзͬԾ°֣⽣ǿȾᱻʲôܲܰɵȵȡ

Լһ˵תͷߵԪЦʣԪô
ΪϵͳԪദɸˣȫҪôȵġ
ԪղȻ˵ͷʵٽ֮佻ͬĽ
׻Ԫ˽ԼʱЦˣû
ΪʲôһֱûǡΪУʵϻǸĽϵͳ֮Щ׵ıʻ羡ܶؽӴͬ磬ͬķ򣬴ﵽݵĿġ
ڵѾǰܶ࣬ܶ࣬Ҳ٣ҪԼչĿǰڻʱ׶εĶ࣬磬ȥĻǺ٣кܴĽռ䡣
ϴƷȥ硢ŪƷòͬƷڲͬнʵչʾǵĹŸϢϢʩչʱҲǿԱȡķϢġ
֮ƷͨԽԽã˴ҲԽԽá
Ӱֵľ뵽°ĿȻΪ룬ӿ˵ԣĻ뷽跨ôٽ˴ŵļʣҲеġ淨иȤζ
˵ѡ
ȻָָԼϵͳԪԪǿԿġ
˵Ӱ飬Լı׼ҲҲҶɡָʲô񣬲ôҪȡеΪƽ̨ѡ
һ͵ģѰˡѰ֮ģأڷǼ֪ʶ⣬žͷĶɡ
˵͵ĽһЩҲżһ㡣
ԪҪԸķΪǰ᣿
¶Цݣԡ
ͱͷ֣ǿʳɱ˲統ȻԣɫشҲԣȷ涨Ե磬ǾͲԡ
Ϊĺ룬ΥԸմȾҵͣǻһġ͵ĹûҵҲԿ⣬ҪԼ鷳ҪϾҵǱͲеıӻУȻҲô۵ġ
ָָһӰ飺Ӱ顣
˼רģʲôǾˣʽݶӰƣҲͬҪظĹأлһĲͬʱԲǮ
⣬ϳǮӵ˵õЩǮҪɸнѣϳǮҪзӵǮ
һ10ңǲϳǮܲܵõ͵ÿߵôˡǡпġںСǮ˳ֽҲǲܵ¡
Ԫ룺app
ЦˣǰɣҾƵûС
Ԫš
ݸ˼ҿͷְ൹ֻܿһˡ
Ԫͷá
ˣ°˰ɡ
á
ͦ඼ڸλɣ̫ΣյĻӺ͡
á
ô۲ۣ
ۡ
˵ģ̫鷳ø˵
á
Ҳ֪λжעɱڴֵģӦûǻȤİɣɣǻԽԽġ
˵ŻԪӣ˵ʲôͦٻش
ԪûʲôĶʵϣѾԼı壬ֳȥſϢһһͳȥ
ͬһʱ̣еĿ̾͵õſ֪ͨһ˵ſɼ°飬ȴʱ֪ͨ
ֻǲٴΣջʱͻͷš

1ԴḻҩѪֶҩʮټ˼䡢ɽҲЩͷˣȻ˲᲻õҩġΪܱԼľ飬ʹۡ
ǣϺҩĲԼõҩҩģɽǧҵ֡
Ȳ˾飬Ȼ΢΢ɴۡ
ûɣǸԻǱȹǻ˼Ҹģԭ˶ԷȢŮ飿
ϸϸüë
ܾೣ˵ġ𱨰ɡ
Ȼǻ˼Ҳûϳ֣ɾƾܾҪٵɣ֪ˣǻֱӡնħ
̾˿
ֱʮ껹ǵ⵱ȻοġȻûжǻ˼ҺԻôȴɱҲǸ˵ġ
ֻ˼Ҳ̫ˣ鷳࣬ҪԺլҩɣǱӦǿġ


195 ޶ë
ھ, ִֶֻɨһ飬ž£ľ仯, նħʲôĽҲ, ڶԺϱȽϳ, ʦ²ʤˣΪһպŮˡ
ͦõġ
־ͺܷģľ鵽ھͽ, ԺľûûҲܽ鷳ɼԾûʲôӰġ
ֹ۵ؾãԺͼСӾͺá
ֻ
ֻע⵽ļ󶯵
һԺ󣬻һɽ£Ļ̻Ķ, ֶܶ궯, ˺ܶӡеĺ֮㱻ټһַ, 껹˼ѷͷ
ֱȽ, ƬɽҲ궯, ŵǸ, 껹˺, һ
ûǲҪ¸
ͦġ
ȥҲ벻ʲô취¶֮ǰͳȥҸ徻ĵطһ㡣Ƕ滹źüɲ, ݻû, رǶһݶ, ѵҪȰǰ Ҳ̫˷ѶˡҪǲ , ͵ڶʱҹһֻӣô˼Ҷ
ԽԽڻ񡢻ܱȥһһһذܶõĶףֳԺһʵҩƣԶһԵıըõʲôġ
ֲϲܿõƷܶ࣬ɺܵġ
ľֻӶѣ·ٶȻԣӦҲһ㰡һرܴģûӦЩƷͱô죿ǲҪҰҪɲݸֲȥɲݺܽģǲֿ԰ȫֲƷʲôġ
ת˺üȦ
ǺܿϧĿǰĿóľûʹлԵģҲûʲôⷽصƷȥҿǿģƷУҲȷһֲɹպܴ󡭡
ڰְ̾ʱ򣬺Ȼ䣬оſѡ
ʶذſٻ˿塣
֪ͨ°顰Ӷߣͻв鿴
ŸտӶֵʱ򣬰Ѿһص֪ͨѰ°ڡ
ȻϳˡӶ顱
ֵȥ
һƪѡ
[]
[]
[]
ͬһʱ̣ſѾѡϢȫ
㶵ԭվһӣеϢˡ
Ȼ۾ˡ
Ǹ[]ıڣһҪһ
ĿǰʺƷˣ
뵽ֵһʱ䰴˵עᣬעʱϸ˵Լʲôʱ䡢ʲô»ʲôΣաҪ뱣ڴŶ೤ʱ䡭Ȼڴأиƥһʵѡ
źǡ
ֵЦݽʧ
ûƥɹ
֪ͨ°ߣĿǰûעΪڣ˰еȴкʱѡʱΪ˽ƥ䡣
֣
ŶҲԣ⻹һߵرµĹܣԼտûãûз¹ܶǸ⣬ܻ͸ƥأ
ֹֻ۵Ӿصſ壬׼ȥƵҩ
ҵ¶Ҫһأмʱ仹ЩŬǮȱƥԺǮųӶķ

Ԫſ°鲢ͺҲڹ۲ע¡
һʱ䣬ͷ˰ֵעϢҲǼһﻹһѸپͲ뱣ڵ˼ѸٵƥҪ
ֻϧҲΪֵٶ̫ˣֱһעߣѹûбѡ˵һʵˡ
ӣÿʱҾ;еĿ˻̫ˡ
Ԫ˵
Ҳ֪Ͼ
Ԫ԰ѷҶڿͶſϣҪķңС
Ԫڶô˵ˣǴůȴûһ١
ЦЦû£׬ǮĶǱߵĸãʱõľţһ·áһʼ͸ûˡ
Ԫͷá
类е㲻ڣת˸⣺еڡ
Ԫ˳ʣʲô
̾˿ë޶ǸעѣҪ˵Ҫ⹦ܵĿˣǹǱڴֵģֻҪעҪһٷң׬һƱֻ뻻ģ˵˵ţеڣ㣬ô޶أǰӺҶûҪǮξ͸ˡ
˵⣬üԼеƮ
Ϊ֮ǰǸȾĻ˵Ǯ˸ˣէȤͦ٣Ҳͦ
ڸ°ʱ򣬾ȻûôϸˣСҲ⣬עҲҪ
Ԫ˵ȥ
ذڰ֣Уܼӣá
޶ëҪ֮ıƸҪǰһдͨĽ׳Ĵ񰥣ǰ˵˿°飬Ѿпעǰ£űʾѽǮƸһӾûˡ
֮ʱҪӵ漰ʱǾͲϹ㡣
Ԫ˼
ʱϵͳҲǰĪ
ܿ죬˾˰ɣֻǽעżˣ˵ĸµõſĿʵǿȴ޳Ǹأ
ĨԪͳǰ˼
ȥȾһʧ
⵱Ȼֲʧģ˵ͦ˼
Ԫ޵ֿųһκֱӰ͵˸ȾС
ųžͷΧĳ仯ɿԪӣ𳤹ôһաֻȾѾͷ
Ԫվԭأ˿Լɿӡ
ٿǰǸÿѸٽܱߵĸȾߣѸԶ۶ĸȾһͨ䣬ȫֵڼʮ׿⡣
Ԫ̧ſ߼總
ӰڶĸȾͺ񲻴ƵģֻûиȾ߻ѰĴڡ
ϰˣûעôֻ࣬ҪԪڣȫûģȫĸɾҲܻԪ˳شӸȾȺȥ

ڰֿ֪ͨʱڶĿҲ൱һֶͬݡ
Ƿ׷׷¹ܣԶЩ뷨
ںܶ˶ԣҪʲôڣϾǱʵĿǰе컨壬ȥʲôĿԿǿǡɶһ˶ԣȴʼǵñڣʱĴ֡
Ǵ඼˾ģЩ֪Լεܿܿ˵һ޴ƣǾ֪ԼΪʲôΣա
ΣյԴͷûĻãѾ˵Ŀǣ֮ǰ뷨ôھ޴ΣǰʵȥΣգֻҸʲôطȶܣΣһʱҲǣʵڲо͸ɴൽڣǾͶµİ취ˡ
Ҫб/ֵĻһҲܺð


196 ̫ǼķӦ
°Ϣ͵ʱ, ̫Ǽڸ

Ϊ˴˼ǳĬԵʣڸȾЩ죬姼ҵӵнȥնɱȾ, ̫Ǽſ֣С, ÿ顣
ӵҲûʲôɱ𡪡ÿǼҵ콾Ὺܽ, ֪ÿնɱ˶ٸȾ, Ūһа, ǼնɱĸȾĿǷֱ㡣
Щ㶼姽, ൱һֿԻȡԴƣ׬㹻Ĺ, ǿԴлȡġЩȫǳУƷʿ𣬵Բ֮
ôĺôǰ棬ӵ˴Ϊ׵׼ɵ̫ǼһתΪǵĹ֧ʱ, ȻͻĶ, Բ˿и
ͬҲǵԺÿնɱĸȾĿԽԽԵ֮һ
˵̫Ǽźһкӵûܸ, ȻҪԼĺͬСǸ˼ܵ, ²д, ʹ֪ʵ, ȾǵİΧҲ, ҲԻȫա
ˣҲôġ
ΪһΪƽƽô꣬ƽϻϲªó·ΣյʱҲó󡪡ʵڲģǾһȥһǹȻ͵
ֵΪɵʾһ㣺š
˵ܹ򹶡
ڹͬʱϵҲᣬѪģ׸˲ŸϣжϳȾиͷѵýύһѣˣͬģ姼ӵȻܸսĻֻ̫ǼҲдΪʲôģԸ̫Ǽ飬һһֺֻЧ߻Ȼ
ո˾ʮĸȾС˳Եһϣһִʱ̫ǼȥԱϢˣƾԼٶɱ˸߽߳ˡͷ

̫Ǽܵſѣãô˼ǱߣС˼ٻſ
Ȼһɨ¹ܰ顣
ڣ֣
ͣ
̫Ǽϻ۵úܣ˲ŪˣͬʱҲеһ˿Ȥ
񡭡Ǹ
̫ǼԼûʲôȥڵ˼һʱȴ뵽Լ˸ļ姼ҵӵǡӵʱеȨ֪ǿɲڣ
Ƹͬ壬ΪǳΪİ֣ǶģҲǰװ˷ǵ
ҲעΪڡ֣ôԸǶעˣҪڵʱȥͬ磬ܴԴ
¹ܵû𸱿¡
˼󣬸֮˸˽š
̫ǼѾ֮Ȼ߸ϣҲǸר֮ˣԸһЩԿ˵⣬һЩ顣
ôҲ̹Ȼʳˡ

æ˰죬йһͨ޶ëԹҲˡ
ʱԼӵһ˽ţ̫Ǽġ
ü˽Ŵ򿪡
̫Ǽλˣӡ̵ģΪԷûͦԵʣҲΪԷھӪǿǿ
˽ᵽһ£Ȼ֮ǰû뵽ĵط

°͡
⣬ҶһʡǮе˿ںǿ㽻ķӡ
°ݱǹĿҲų⡣
ô
̫Ǽ˽š

̫Ǽ˽ź󣬾ٴΰעϵϡ
ΪǿҵĹ˺ü֣Ҳļޣڵûʣ¶٣ѾѸĹķӦϡ
̫ǼѸȾߵİΧȦʹУΧĸȾȫɵͬʱһץϵֱֱۣӰ˳ȥ
һͬ븽һ̡
ÿһֵʲôŸȾߵĵطһŵأΧú÷ֶΣ
ÿ˶ҪϢʱ򣬾ͻУݵؽлָ
䲼̵ӣȻεŵˡ
̷棬ȾѣκôƴײҲ޷С

̫Ǽڵϣûô˼
Ͽڣ֣ô
˶ûŵصʱ򣬿ȴˣȻʲô鷢ˡ
ͬʱϸоſڷȡ
΢΢һ㶣е£
˵䣬ٻſ¹ܣѸٽϢ
̫Ǽ״Ӧ˿̲Žӵ°֪ͨô
ϣĪ֣
̫Ǽ˵žѾõ֪ͨˣҸ˽ţѯʸһ¡֣ҿп𸱿
ֱӵͷѾˣִ˿ٻ壬Ҳܿ
̫ǼȻһȷʵ˹ڸ¡
ͬʱҲ˽ŵĻظݣԼ࣬Լȥ
̫ǼѸٿ
Ϣȷᵽ˸
ǸͬעΪڻߴ֣ûſ壬ͺ¹޷ʹõġעΪ/ֺ󣬸һܶνУҲܸѼԴע󣬶ǵǼڸԵ֮£Ŀ˲ںʹ֣£Ͷ¼ϡ
Ϊ˹ͨ㣬ЩɹʱһС͵壬岻ܹͨˣֻܸǸԵ˽ϵ
̫Ǽ΢΢ͷ
Ͽ̫ǼʣֿǼλ姼ֵڣ
̫ǼЦ֪ߣҲ
룺Ǹð취
ֻûʲôȤһԼѹʲôڣҲҪȥȡԴҲû֣Ծ˲ȤˣܽύѾǼޣѹûиʲô˼
°˵ͺܷʵáϢԼҪĶǵǮܳ
̫Ǽϵ뷨ݸ
ʱֻͦĽģȥǣңΪ姼ӵܣִƼ壬ȻҪԼΪҪصС
ҲֻиֲսʱŽΪɣҲΪá
ţϴϢ
̫Ǽһ߻ָһĥôǲ֣ȥҪǼͬעơ
˻಻ţҲԵ֡

һϣ׺һѹ·ȺĸȾߣһ濴Լſ壬˼
/֡ӵţҪӪԴֻϴԲΪ϶磬һԡ
ȻһſҪʮ򣬰׺᲻õģɼȻҲǰ磬ôۼڸȾ׬ô࣬һŵǿԸͽǱϡ
ʵǶſҲ㹻ķңǰ׺ܾĥҲǸɵģǲϷ֣ԺϷˣҲҷ֡
Ͼ׺˵̫ˣ
ҪǷȥʲôеĿˣȥ磬¹˶ã׺˾Ҫޱȵظ취Դˡ


197 ˵ķӦ
뵽, ׺˾˳ָͽһһŸҷֱͶš
ͽɱͻȻõ֪ͨ
׶ʵǿ, Ȼ֪ͨһ£ҲûڸȾߵİΧˣֻ΢Ͷ㿪Ϯ, ѸٵΧĹ
ֱһӲתģһֺܶ, ɴó޸һƬ𣬼, ˰׺˵ԡ
ʦ˵Ҹʲô˼ֵؾֱʡ
׺΢, ͷһͽҲһѾˣ͸ɴûش𣬵˶Ժ, ʵţǽһ顣
ҡҡȣҡ˸Ͻͣ£ϻǴЦݣԺҪΣ, Ҳֱ⸱ȥжţ
׺, һ, ˰ĺϣ, ֪㣡
򣺡
ͰϰΪ֪ʲôʱʼʦرϲʦ/ʦֻ֣Ҫʦ˾ͺãҪһһէġ
׺˵׻ǿؼͽܵģûƤûİԺ󣬻ϸϸظǽ°¡
Ĭֻ˵ܵиֵʱ
˵ʦģʦʦûͲ
ؿһȻôʦҲֱӦˣͬ˵ӵˣһжʦָʾ
׺֪һһעᣬԼȴûгΪڻߴֵ뷨ϾǺæģѹû취ʱͬһ¡
ǣܿһҳ棬µǼǣ
磺ʵ벽ףǼΪ֣
ʵףǼΪ֣
ʵףǼΪڡ
׺˸ӵسΪϴĲ㣬Ҳû취ԴֱӰŹѡ񣬶ԳȥڡֻǱøӣԣԣԲҪòҪ̸˵
Ϊ˿˵ȫǹŮӹɡĺܵ϶ڵʱΪʱ䳤ѳֲסǹʲô飬еĿֻҪϾӪЩΪô𰡣ڣ·ûܣ
׺˲ġ
ֻҪǿܵδͲɾãܰͷҪˡ

̬߰Ŀ꿴ſ°飬΢΢̧°͡
룺ԪŲŲڡ
ԪһֱߵģࡢʵûǮʱһȥ
ȾߴѸٿ˼ֻȾߣ˵һ
˿ſϵ֪ͨϢְ˻ȥɱȾߵĻһ̣Сү뷨غˡֻᱣСүûоȥ˵ıڵġʹҲУΪҪ߸Сү׬ǮеҪȫȻصԭעСүϣܷ
Ԫſ飬޲Сүʱʱ̶̿Ƥӵ£ܵԼֻһ˲䡢ֻȥ˵ĹСүֱ߻ԭߡһֱη

λǿھɨȾߣ֮ȾǶɿرѹĥûκһֻȾм֡
ͻȻ䣬ſ֪ͨ
ڵ߿գһֻذѹȥÿһζƬȾߣһֻٻſ壬ϸ鿴
Ժ󣬺עᣬΪ֡
˵ֻǴֻеĲ϶ܵκвжʱ֪ͨѣԼҲ֪߻ڼ䣬˱ҪϢ⣬㹻ԣʱȥǸֵίСҲỨʱ䣬ȥֿ˾ܻ
Ȼ񳾵Ȼ׬ǮĻᡣ
ȥһ˿׬ǮȲǱϾǳڵģǽһĻʲôʱǾͲö֪ˡ
ɢͬλɱȾߵǿ֪൱񣬲ϸ΢ͬʱ߿
˵ûҪ¡
ȻЩջߡ
ǺףӲ˵߾ûҪ˵ģҲûõġ

ĳһֵϣȾͬˮӽֿڷӿ롣
Ҳϣһ¡׿ȻˣڹŴҲĸúӢܸɾ·ϵʱ½ǡͷ˿һ·Ʈģûмһ
Ⱦӿʱ򣬺ܿӽ
˳ξؿ˿ǣţΧĿƺһŤиȾ߾Ǳһƿٱʲôε˷ؼѹôһࡣ
Ǳƿ֮飬Ϊ
ÿ߹һΣûκһֻȾ߿ԽӽΪΪ֮飬дԡȾ߶˵һа·϶籦ƿĹ̶ҪĸȾߣȫƿԶ£⣬ࡣ
Ⱦ̰ηģ֪Ƿɶ˻ҲɻΧ£
Ƕûв񲢲Ļˣǽʵ֮壬ʶģ˻˵ϢԾؽԼ˵˺ܶ㡱
ߵͷʱٻſ塣
ڡ
Զȥơ
ͷ룬עˡ
Ըڡ

ȾȺ۵ĳǳʮ׳ľ޴˦βͣڲʮֿĽֵǰУ˿ޱȡ
ٶȺܿ죬ܳǰСϰҲСϰˣ˫ɫצץϣײϵȴǽһ͵Ƭط̶ĹΪȵĦĽܿ¡
һۼ׼̣ۼ׸µĶλʱƣһβһοԳüʮԴһǰϰ·ôֱȥվ˹顭
˺޼ĻеʽУҲõſ֪ͨ
壬ͫ
ˡ
Ժ󣬳עΪ
ȻˣӾ϶ҲٿٲǮʱȻעΪڣȥ׬Ǯûʱ䣬Ǵ׬Ǯǲġ

½Ѿˣ½£յʵ˳Ľ½ΪŰϵʵҲǽɿġƾʲôסԼ޿ײĶ⣿λʦ׬Ҳܿ졣
Ϣʱ򣬲ʱ俴֪ͨ
Ƕһۡ
գ½磬ô
½棺ȿͺɣںʹֶûҪ
½˵볤ʱȥ磬յʵӦ̫ΣգŰϵеŹ֣Ǳڵĺá

ʱƣ֪ͨ½½ض˲ͬ˵ſϣҲ˲ͬķӦȫչϵͳϡ
ΪһԱѸٵؿעΪ/ֵǵļϢ
ֻӶ/ֵҪǮ࣬һʱģֻаֵ档
ʱûԪƥ䣬ȿЩϢϣС죺ڴֵģԼʵӦǺŵģҿ
ʵߵĿĻĿǰʵ컨ǺӣԪķʱԲơѾͻƵĽ׵ĹˬˣǱͽսĺǿֻڽ̵ͽܻûʱʲôڵˡ
ţ緢λע˴֡ڶѸ׬ǮĻ


198 ǵע
ˬ֣
, ͦʵģλԹҲͦ죬Ѹپſǿһ, ȻססĽ׸һ, ֻҪƥ䵽Ĺĵʵǿ, ôܹĸ, ʵĹ⡣
˹ˬ, ֿǡ
ﵽĽ׵ǿֻһ׵УĿǰԡĺעΪ֣ԡħԨ͡ıƿ֮龻עΪڣ5ħ硶ħʿľ鹫עΪڣ¿5硶졷ǹ謺עΪ֣¿4Ǽ硶ǿմеעΪ֡
ײεĸ־͸ˡ
㿴һ¿4硶ǻеİĽעΪ֣ҡиӵ߰硢ֱעΪ֣עΪڣ¼һֱڽѾ˳ͻƵ׵ĳߣߣעΪ֣Ǽ֮˰ҡĹ1עΪ֡
һעľ͸ˡ
̫Ǽ, һעΪ, ȫ姼ӵ, Ҳȫһʵ
ʦͽ١Ǹ޲ð̫ӹСݵİһ, עΪ֡ǡϱ, һ־ºֲڻ, ˳׬졣
ĩԪﲻôֵʵһֱӵŮĿǰҲŸ˰ɣһǸοģһžȻϹαһ̬ͦеߵоԱŮ֮ĻǹģȻѾˡֻ˺οעΪ, αɫ, ʱ˷ϡ
ĩﻹҲע, ǹԽ·ΪõʱҲ磬ʵûͻƵһף׵ıڡ
ԭʼǸɿġϹХǰڷܵУڻҲǾŬĽָ˲СӰֱǴݶϵƴͻơ
ĿǰעΪ֣ĿӦҲΪǵ졪ΪʲôעΪڣȻҲǲϣһ
1ִ硶ǧ֮СͯϹſڸȾٸǮǹϹ൱ʺȺս׬ķҲĿǰǹϹעΪˣһǮϷŹ
Ƚȷġûעһ׵׾½桢̫ǼˡϡëСơ׵׾͸ˣᰡסԪعκھڵĿǣȫûעᣬҲҪôûҪҪôԼĿǰʵиҪ°ɡ
ǴȽں׿Լͬһ׿ĿˣעΪںעΪֵĻ԰뿪
ϸûͦ˼ġ
ϣԽǽλߵǿߣȼߵģԽעΪ֣ʵһЩģԸһЩ
Ҳ⣬£Դʱ䲻Ϳʵ׬ǸֳɣλߵǿһڱĵλҲߣҪʱԼҵϡȼߵıԴкܴѼأʱȥԴҲ׬׬ͺá
ʵ͵ЩȼҲͣȥʱ䣬ԼҲǺôһЩ
Щ˵ЦЦͦ⡣
󲿷˶ͦ°ӣעˣעҲΪޱҪʱҲҪ
ٰͶ°ܡ
Ͱ顣
Ѿ˺üӣ㿪һһЩһԼһЩġϵ磬ҲҪԼĿʡ
ˮɣ⼸һǳ˷ѵûѵģ򶼸ΪĽʳҲûʲôѶȡ
⼸ӵ棬½½ѾһЩش
еĻشǱȽϿףеǻشһͨڿѵĻϺ̳ܶġˮӦҲߣһ¶ѡ
üԪô²عˮ᲻Ϣϵĸ
Ԫ˵ڡ
һҲ˵ķϻԽԽԺ󣬾ͻɸˣ
Ԫš
綢Ǽˮе㲻ʹˡ
Ԫܿ첹䣺ҪͬˮڱĶηŻɺСĸС磬㲻ҵġ
⻰ʵô˵ҲϵͳϢܳɹԦ˳תᱻһЩ̶̼仰ĸô˵İѷϻ۵һ̶ȫĻǵȻҲǻһĸġ
ϵͳȻôˣԪΪϵͳȻҲҪ˵ʵĻĵζ̫ԣԪǺܸ˵ģһ֮£ͷֶ˵ˡȻˣеֲԸǿٵذѺҲ˵˳
Ԫ⻰˶٣ǵ㲻ʹɢˡ
ûԪǵ㲻ԾС˼ΪܲԪǵȻǸõģҲɿһЩ
ЦЦǾͺáʲôˣһҪǰңֻˣǲܾ취⡣
Ԫ΢ůá
͸һ䣬ٿͰ顣
Ѿһӡ
е棬㿪ӳ濴ȥ
ǡ
һ£˸
ˣǸ2ħħҩʦھӦڸͽָˣھ鿪ʼʱûˡǵȥһħ磬ʱۿƳɹҩģҵʱжϳһǸ֡
˵ӦǸ˰ɡ
粻ݸ˿ӵݣʮңһԵҩġΪԵʣﲻҪҩĵͼƬʹͬҩҲҪֻҪԼɡҲб׼ȷʵҵҩģôֱӸʮҵȫûҩĶѡ˰ԵģôԺԽߣķԽࡣ
Щһ֡ȥκһ˽̸¶ҪƵģɰӳݿҪϸжϸ
ͷͰôõġ
ʱû˽񡪡ҲǣѰضҩĻҩԣǱȻңҵ˷ֱܹǮ
ʱԪһԿڣѾַ˱ѡ𣿡
̧ۣʱȤѾ䱣ˣģ
Ԫ˵Ѿ趨̣û棬Զ䡣
Ҳ˵ҲǱ߷˽ŵõѵġ
̴Ǹҳ棬ϾͿǸλεƥ

ͬһʱ̣Ҳõѡ
ƺһҩڹ۲ҩЧôͻȻоʹſ𶯣֪ıѾȷѡ
æҩٻſ壬㿪°顣
֪ͨ˰֣Ŀǰƥ䱣2硶Ԫ硷Ϊ¸ˡ

翴ƥ㶣Ӧ
ĿǰԸڵʡ


199 ±ڣ
ڵǸ1, ǸߵʵҲһ۷壬ͬʱǸŴ, ôıþһ۷ģ޶ȵر֤İȫڱ֤ȫʱѷѡһҲƹŴ磬Ϊϰϲ̫ĳͻں͹ӦҲ졪رǶڰլУӦӦá
姼ҵŸǺܳɫӵܣ姼Ԫνңټһи̫ǼΪ, 姼ҵҲǶʢģ姼һͬ˲ű, ʹЩȲ콾, Ҳѷɫ̫ࡣ
ļ, ̫Ǽѡ, ǱʵƷжϼѡ
Ԫ磬ƫڹŴ, Ȼûܸ̫Ǽһһ۷ʵ, ȴҲ졢ԪдԪ硪ǸͻƲ, ҲӼ֮ӱ
Ҫ˵ѷɫЩ, ̫ǼܣרעһˣȽ, ʵĽϻԸ졣
Ҳ, Ǹ֪ȴ, ˵ѼԴĻ, ȴҲǳʲô
ЦЦû뵽һڵǸķи罻ζˡԪգգʣ治ⰲŵģ
ԪҡͷǣԶɸѡģĿǰʵġ
°ͣǻͷעһ£һӽô

Ⱦ硣
ֻĿ˲ſ壬ɹȻ̫Ǽһʱõ֪ͨ
˿̣ǡ̫Ǽ˶ص˻ʳǱݵľӴڽÿһεսλ
ڶ姼˷ǵͷͻȻ΢٣Ŀ⿴ǰʱʱˣǼҵ姽ٻſ塣
ǣϸ˲ȫʧ
˶ڵȴ̫Ǽķͨзġ
̫Ǽ΢΢һЦ֣ˡ
⻰ڳ姼ӵܷ׷һ㶡
һҲ̧۳߿˹Ŀ˳̫Ǽߣһ姼ӵܵϡ
߰˳ߣ֫޳ǿòҲʮӢ̫ǼƣϾͱһ㣬̫Ǽǰû
ʱ̫Ǽ˼ָָԼѡˣ
̫Ǽףѡˡ
姼ӵ֪ܶԼѾǼΪˣҲڴѡкǰһ磬û뵽αѡеľȻϸ룬ȷʵ֮ʵǿǸѡкҲûʲôġ
̫Ǽ˵֣Ԫ磬ΪһǱڡϺЦһǱڵı׼λߣÿ½6ңгȡӶɣ֮ÿ±Ӷ3ҡ
ȴҶ̫Ǽڵı׼۸ܵͣû뵽ô͡
⻹һǱڣǵıڣǸͲࣿ
̫Ǽ˵ľ죬üͷ΢⣬ǹҪ뱣ǰԭҲҪ2000ΪзãǱӶ̫࣬СǧĿǣԹӶˡ˵ЦЦеҪ󣬲λͬעʱȴ
ڶ姼ӵܶǴˣҲûʲô
ᵽȥעᱣڣԭҲΪһǰӶ
һŮʣ֪˴ιǺˣ
̫ǼҲ͵ϸ˴ι1һֻа֡һ¶Ժ罫дңӰľӴʵǿҪһλбΪֱʣҪڰºǰ磬ͬסһꡣ
ȻȥѼԴӦҪģĸ϶ǿϾǵһʱѼԴΪĿģ̫Ǽ͵סįȥ
̫Ǽٴο˵֣˴ȻȻͬΪпˣҲĶԴĪҪࡣ
㣬Ӧġ
𽥱姼ҵĸӵ֪̫ܵǼҲٽǴһ姼콾姼֮Բ峤ҲΪսһ磬ʹ²ѡ
̫Ǽ˼⣬˵ȥ֮һԹΪҪ䲻ؿѼԴȴԶ࿴һΣԴǷḻؼΡĿƺֻаðͷҲ֪ûˣ£ǿѰᣬǴһΪ姼һЩ̡
ͱ࣬ڸɫ˵ǣ
̫Ǽ΢΢ºͣ۲켴ɣҪˡȥһ壬磬ʱһ˵֮£˵ع󷴵ˡδʱʱ㣬Ȼÿտһأʲô裬ǰ֪֮㾭ɹͬ⣬ȡȥ
̫ǼȻȫӦ
姼ӵҲúϸ˵ĿǰֻǶֻʱġܸ姽Ⱦ磬֪дڣǵõεģԺҲ½ãֻʱѡӦԼҪκһλȡĻᣬǿԵı֣ȴǸᡣ
һж̫Ǽ룬Ȱսܽ꣬Ȼ姼ӵܿɢȥֻȻ¡
姼ӵЩ棬̫ǼҲû£Ͷûߡ
̫ǼԵһţȥһУûӣٴλת
һأҲȻ̫ǼĬҲǶԷĻ׳棬в²ʱ򣬾ͱڡ
̫ǼóһģĶֻ˵еơ˵ִеĿƼƷС֮Զ¼һΧڵӰ񡣾иҲҪ磬¼ʱ䡣
ˣӹսУ֣رʾǰ֮ǰһϡʱ򣬾¼Ǹľ󡣡
̫ǼͷԼѿʱ
˵ǡ
ֱڣˡ
姼ӵǶǸСܺ棬׷Ҳһȥȵ⣬߷еʱ򣬲ˢˢѶóǿȻû˻Ҫĵ֣һ˵֪ôþ㹻
߹ˣϻû׼ȥڣ̫Ǽȥ˵ˣ֪Ƿ񷽱Ҳ俴һأ
̫Ǽϣ׽Ī˵һأҲ޷
ܺãǾͶлˡ
̫ǼһЦֲҿ

姼ǱַӦʱ緢͵˻ظˣؿȥ־ȻǸռ֣֡
˵ֳֵƵͦ߰
ĿǰΨһһ뱣ڵĹָȥΨһֳֵͣ֡Ƶʿɲ͸ر°տûõĵڣֱּҪþ󲿷ֵп˶ˡ
¶Ҳȷɺϡ
־Ǯ뱣ԺʣµĲƲȥһˣԼɽ˹Ӱ飬ÿѾӶ²
󣬰óҩĵҩӣԱϰٲϵȻǸһ֣̾ϳ͵ĲԼҿٵСҩֵһ𣿻ʲôƷ֣ժһƬģĿǰѾƳɸɻĶ١
ڣʮһ꣡
ǮĿɲСˣſҪֱУֵֻʮңڲĻɫҪɣҲʮأװ׶׬ʮңﻹѣͦá

һλ
[סֻҪһ껹ǳչ]
ΪſǿʱѵģǸӵ˻ظҲܿ졣
[ʱҪ꣬Ҫ̸࣬]
룬Ƕ׬ʮң࣬ÿ졣
[ɽ]

֪ʲôʱһµĽ̬Щƣһ룬ͻᷢǽڶĳ빹ɡ
Ϊؿ⡣
ؿ˼壬רŸ˴Ŷġ
͵ӰѰӣֲ뱩¶ԼݣôͿԽƷŽؿĳſ¼롣֮ѰĿ˵õ֪ͨʱؿ⣬λ˵ſǸ򿪣ÿ˻
˫׳ɹ
ȻԶʾɣøҵġóɵҲȫ˲ɡ
ȻؿҲûд洢ƷĿ˴Լ֮ҪһĻѡؿ޵ģҪԼƷļ۸ҲʵڲÿһֻҪһҾС
ֱǰײ˼ˡ

УݷŽһѸ뿪С
úһźۡڵò˽Ǹ룬ȡƷٴ뿪
͵Ľ׳ɹ
ǮĿǮ׬Ǯ׬Ǯ


200 ֵ
תۼ, ¹ȥˡ
һ죬ԪݼգԼȥһˡ
ϺҲպп, Ϊ˶㷨, 硢ԪҲǸиҪп, Ի˫ǹĶԷȥ򡪡ȥĵطͬҲûϵȫͨſԷϢѾ˺, ſ嶼ϵ϶Է, ٿǰȫⲻ١
ǣ, 緢粻ڼңҲûܱģԪһ, ֱС
ǽΪʲôᵽ
ԭܼ򵥣һڵĵӽҪʽˡ

ͦ, ǹӶڵĿǰֻаһ, ⲻΪʱûΣյԵ, ҲΪʷûΪĿ˲ࡪǲҪΣջԼϣ㶨Σ, ͨǹƷǿ, һЩܹı
ڹӶֵģʱҲû, ͨԪһЩۼҲһЩ˶һЩҳĶεжϳǴŻͦӶһֵ, ֻǿͷǮ̫, ֻôΪԼһɱʹáʲôܼе, һʱû¶ġ
ͬʱ, Ͱ鵹ʮ֡
ʹѰҩġĵرģһǷֱﲻɣϾͬ˭֪ĸͬ౦ʲô̬һ͸Լһ̬֮дҪʲôֻҪеģҲͿóнˡ
ڳɷôж٣ֵ٣ʵеļǿ԰æġ
Ĳ֣ѾѯԼˣҲһЩִˣһЩ߿Ƽ⡪ҲûϵΪĽﵽ100ңȻǸnpĹ1쾳н𡪡ϸҲûʲôģλôһλԪ˧ȻǸо̵İɣȼ2߳Ǹʵ0ִ̫ˣƾѧҵʱ˽Ĳ־ͿԸĴˡ
Щ⣬˳ֱѯʣҲи𰸵ģͺ⣬뵽˵ĵӡһ͵ģĴҲԿĲ֮ͬ

վɨӣٳԪȥ
߰ɣ
Ԫӣͷá
˵ǰһ⣬⻯ΪһŻ
̧߽ȥԪ
̤ŻԺŻʧѾվһɽɽˡ
˳ִˡŮ¼硣

⼸콻˸ѡ
һħʦģǲ̫ʲôħʦģݶԷһͨһϵɣؼģڶԷõؼħԪأɾõؼ
ѽаֺ֣һλħҩʦóôҩҩĹҪһЩħҲҪԸħҩг˽⣬ҩģǸ򣬲ҲԽҩʦоҪҲǸֵҩġ
ϴΰ˸ӸԷϵϣôҺĵǻ඼ô˼Ϊˡ
Ȼʱʱͨһҩҩ£ʲôˣҲཻ䣬ʱžҵ;ãԷǸѡ
Ȼ־ԼԷദûһܴԭǣԷԸͦȴҪɬһ㣬ҲţദͺڡʱûʲôϻҪѣֻҪŪʲôҩҩģҩʲôµơ뷨˾ˣ˴ҲԷ˼ñԷˡⲻͦõ¶Է˵ķʽŹһ㣬ˣǶС⡣
ǻ˵ˣ˴ҪʲôҩģһʶԷԷеĻͨͿԻཻˣֻӵķþͺãͿԽʡٷңԸо

˾ʹ˳һ£ɲݶ࣬ҲǸ˵ģðɲõؿðԼȡ
ɲݵļֵ380ңֻ10ңɹǿԽʡܶǮģϧǣõɲݵʱ򣬾͵õһ֪ͨ
֪ͨ鵽һδиĲҩǷ񻨷76ҽи죿죬òҩʱΪͻҩԱ仯̬ȶ쳣¿˵ȫܵв
76Ҳɲݳ۸ʱһ͵ĽҲҪȡô࣬ͷǵռʲôˣ10ҵķãһ㡣
ʹȥδһ⣬ҶҩʦԣҲҲ˳Ҳ˵׼¶Ըˡ
ҲֱйҲҲգѾʵˡҪΪڿ˶ˣǮǰܶ࣬ҪƵ޶ΪΪ߿ǵȤʹٽǸͨ뽻ƷҲӿ콻ŶԿ֡
ӵ¶ǲݣûֵҲˣһֵĶᱻϵͳԪύ磬ȻѸӦ
ͱֺͰ뻥ཻҩʡǮаɵĳɻҪĻͲ죬Լȥ
͡еϸϵĲͬ
ӶҪǮͽֱӸɵģ͵ĳҲˣתʱ˼˼յѻֱӾ˳ָ졣Ҳӣ˫ЭͣڼѹļֵôͨתʱҲ죬ʿҪһݸѣǶپȡƷֵˡûͽλƷ۸мֵɣ߽λƷǾͳʵֵࡣ
֪Ҳû
˭˭֪

ʱİ־͸պͰ꣬ܵһ˳оһҩɣ˿߸˵װһɹɵĺ«ʵʵ
룺⻹ɣͷٶоأһ£ͿͽǮˡЩƷʲõģҲ취ȥӿҩģҲܻǮӶɽɽȥµҩá
һֻӣ뷨ͦġ
Ϊլʱʵʩǲǵ±ڹԺ󣬸Է
ôţһ飬ȻӦæٻſ塣
ˣǰ˱ڵģҲƥˣǲǿ쵽ڸʱˣûɣ
˿̣ſҲճһϢ
֪ͨ±Ѿִǰա
ͫһͷϡˢشڳֻӶ䣬ԼҲ͵վ
ӾӾӾӾȻѾ
Ǹʲôˣ
ְͷΪŶͻȻֵĶ˻ȥسɽȥ
ɽ棬ҲһӰ֮߳ǰɽڡ
ǹס
ҲԣӾסɽסġ

Ϊһ̣Լõʱ죬姼ӵܶûмųŸλǶΧ̫Ǽķ֮š
ƽԼŻԺһȻ˽ȥ
ô˵ɵһ̤ŻͿһɽʱرɽѾиӰڳߡһűеˡ
˵ǵӺСģӾĵӦҲɡ
ҪôԷкȽϺã䣬ŵӰɣ


201 úı
ʮ, Ͱֵĸ֪
أ߳Ǹɽ, ̧ۡ
վԭ, һӰӽҲ̧ۡ
˫, Ŀԡ

˶ûз֣ɽˣǾֻмԶ
ˣȻԪ
类Ԫϵͳס, ԪûдڸС
ȻȻ, 磬ûκܷǵĺۼ
һж۵ס
˸ղŰֽŵĳҲɫᵫָ΢΢Ħǵ
, ͬһһ߳ٻӡ
΢顣
ֻڶ, һһ˵ô͸һ׵ļӸˣ
𣿣

ֿԼӶıڵòˡ
Ȼ˵, ֮ǰſϾƼ˶ԷӰ, Ӱ˵ĸо˸˵ĸо, кܴġ
ϵϢ, ͵͵Ƽ, ϶пµѹģ²ͷҲСη壬ǰ, ĸоȴ¡
ԡʵҲȴǿԵʰɣ
ҲΪԷпҲΪԷûж, ҲпΪԷ̬Ⱥʹһ, ڵݺ, ûоÿֲȴǿƣе㰲ġ

ҲԼĹ
߲װ׾ͦɾģ˵˹˹ºͺͣϻŵҩ㣬һûʲôɱ
Σӳɾе̬ġ
ǸԭΪĵС̫һ۸ԿҲûʲôɪķӦԭΪĺöˡ
ôһԶԷĸоͦá
ȻԷͺشкҲǸɸɾģ°֣֣һˡ
ͷ˵֣һᡣ

ָкĻӦˡ
Ҳͦȵģзıڣͦ׵ġ
ÿӣ˵֣
롣
漴־ʹɽ֮ڡ

һжԪӡ
Ԫס磬֮Ҳһ߽ɽ
С绹ȥ

ɽ
ȻӾĶΪʵںլһҩԵʣĳǷǳ򵥵ģһʯһʯͼʯʾûġ
翴һۣɽһһſʯ齣óģԣǰΪ˱ڵĵŪġԭӦҪһµʯҲŶԣκȻóڶƬڵɽȴûطٳһʯˣҲֻǿʯĻӭ֮⡣
Ūһյ
ӹܸӵĺһڣ΢΢е졪ͦİ
ֱѾˣǸеҲ֪һʵͺǿıֻ᲻裿ѾƳõˡ
˵л֡ܺá
һһ㣺ϲÿгݾǡѸóһҶݸ˵ɽⶫ߰ﴦһɽȪȪˮʺҶ
Ǹ̸ģڲ֪˵ʲôˣֻܸпλĺÿ͡
ٴ˵л֡
Ҳ̸ģдԺҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ٴĿԡ
·һ΢紵֮䣬ɺܾס

ֻÿﶼ·εա
ŵûˣ⽻Ҳǡ
լ磬Ҳˡ
߯û˼

ΪҲ֪ôȥ˶ٺǿҳһ仰
ֿʲô
룺ûСŬظúദҲѸٵ侲Ա㣬ڴ˴ɡʲôԸֻ
ɴ⣬øֱǣæ˵ҾȽȥҩˡ
ӾֱҪмʱе˶٣˵롣
ûٶЦЦȥ󷽳ҩʯ
ûȥҲʯǸ׼ģͺܸɴϥϡ
˿ֻ̣صһ˴ŵĵطһԼղûʧ񡭡ûУȻ˿Լ֮ǰġ
ԼС壬Ի
[-ڷ]
Ѹٳֵһ𡪡졪ҲܿӦˡ
ǱߵĻظҲܿ죬ƺһֱŵġ
[-̫ǼΣ]
[-߰룬ģ鵥ҩ]
[-̫Ǽദпɡ]
[-Ȼʮơ]
[-̫ǼáΣ]
[-ؼ棬䲻姼ңǴ˵Դ֮ͬԭԪ粻ɽжֲ洦ɼƷʴѰ]

̫Ǽһ̸Ҳɽ硢Ԫ
ЦЦô˵֮䴦ûУ治ʲôӵĻһıûʲôˡ
Ԫͷ˫ϡ
ֿ˿оûʲôö࿴ģҲˡ
߲öˣò׹һˣһȥɡ
Ԫû
粢ߣ˵пˣѾˣҲֲЩԭעҪ˷ѵģͲˡҼǵͦطĵرһѣЩ֮ѼһЩ
Ԫ˵á
˵ļ̶Ի˵ӰҲ͸ʹʧ
ϵͳԪǰ￪ġһƬɽС
ûеĿˡ

졷硣
謺쿴Ǹһаӣ죬û
ûԼѾͻƵס˳ǹ֮λȻֵɫ֮ˣ
ӥΣһϲ͵Ĺ
ɶ񣬿ɺޣ
֮£謺ֵĹңǶԷȴһģûзֻ൱ɵΪӰΧ߶ܣÿһ޷ϣ޳ܵǣʱͣޱȶġ
謺ԽúݣԽǷ飬Լ˺εĶƣԽ˹ҩͻᷢӵԽ죬¡Ҳ֣ͣΪһ֣ͣͻεС
Ȼ謺첢û취ԾȣֱӻصбѣʹηʧҲΪʲôֶΣڻɵôȥ⸱ģѵܺÿ⸱ģУôˣ
ο謺úȥ
ײƻޱȣȻˣ͸ȥ
謺һ߹һߺ޺޵ٻοſ壬䣬עΪȻٵֹԼҪ󡪡Ҫһܴεİ֣
һ̣ҪУѸٵΪƥ䡣
ĿǰӦΣմΪ
Ľ׵ĹˬȻʵģǹˬ⼸ʱߣƺҪôֻǿȥҡ
ߵĴĸֶβԿΣǿԣȽ֮£ʵǡͻȻ䣬עĴ¶һ
׺ˣ׶ǿߣǰ벽Ľס
ǣƥȷ
ԡҡİ׺ˡ

գۼ䣬謺߳һɷǵߣ׷룬ЦݿؿȰ˵ĪģϷ


202 ĺŮ
һСؾ, Ԫǳ£ʣѡȫѹεȥϼܵϼ, ֲֲ
յʱԪͻȻڣҴˡ
һ, ʱתͷ˭
Ԫ˵謺졣
һ, , һ5Ŀˣʵܸߡ
˳ʣҵĴ˭
һ, һߴſ塣
˲䣬翴Ǹ֡
׺ˡ
գգۣǵ, ׺֮ǰûעֵİɣ
Ԫǡôػش𣺡׺ǿġ
һ㶣ɶ
Ԫ˵ԭƥĲע󣬵ȷʡ

ʵҲӡ
׺һʼȷûעΪֵģºüͽȴעʱʦͽڸȾɱ֣ҲΪǵʵ, ɱʮģȫΪ׬Ǯ׬ǮҲûκμ
ڷ謺ȵǸʱ, עΪֵİøһĿǰڰ׺Ϣ, Ǹȡ
Ϊȵͬǹ, Ϣе仯, ׺˷˱仯, ˽ͽܵ˳ͽȥ˿ȽϹעҳ֡
׺Ϊ3綥ǿߣӦر죬Ѹٷ˾Ȼǳ5ģǸ磬ȥһοɾҪҵģǳҲǧмߵ磬еġ
⣬ȥ֣ȥôһΣͿ׬2000ңãֱӸ㵽һ
οʹȥʱ䲻ҲܶݵؿһǸ龰һǸŨôĸ֣ȥˣͻһжϣô࡭
׺൱ƻڸ֪˲ҲעᡪԣʧҲν
ϵģѡֵʵǿ˲غ֣ԼɹΪ˱Ӷ֮ˡ

Ԫ˵ԭǲ˳顣
ȥ׺˻ôɣܸɵó
ϸҲûʲôֵģսթ裬ǽغһֵѣĸİ
ΪؾǷյģѹ˵ע⣬ԪҲûУֱǰһԲ
Բ˸˲ʱٳһˮˮ棬ʾһ
һòŮӣŹװüۼ͸ϣ˿β죬Ҳ죬΢΢˲ҩ
ĶиȻٲˣ൱壬ĲҲ˵ҩɵġ
˵ĶԻҲӻ͸ζ൱ŻŮȻʹ࣬ȴһɼͷŭ
ˮֵɲǣһ׷ӰҲպý١
磺顣
˵׺ڻ̵ĻֱĻȰ˵Ĵ
謺ǻȻɢ˵˿˲١

˵硣
׺һ̨˵ǸɻξͲˬˣϾܲɵˣͻȻֵͷʲô
Цһ˼ң˵̫ⶾҩɽ⣬ԸңժҵӰɣôˣва˵ôҰģϲ
ȻκĻ˵ˡ
׺˱ֻǺЦ謺кˢһºøС׸ʲôġɺҲ̫죬һͺڵĻ绰׺Ҳ˲ϵȷ謺ظɴֱӳ֣Ǹĵȫ˺ε
һ˲׺ķ֣˳һɨ
Ȼչټǧ˿ߣеļʮϳһɣе룬ޱȣеĻཻ֯ǵصľȫźȥˡ
θϽóһӣɲͬĻѻë֯ɣ޴󣬿ϧԵǰ׺ˣ׺˵ͽܣôһӵġ
԰׺˵Ը񣬼ȻͽӣôӱȻǲвģǧĻûͬĳմѹû˵һë˳Ź嵽˰׺˵ϡȴ׺Ϲâһ⸡䣬еĻȫʧˡ
ɫ䣡
ɴ˿̣Ҳûʲôˡ
ΪЩѾʵʵذЩޱȵȫ̽˺εƤסÿһԼĵط
֮γױסҲˡ
Ϊų죬Ҳ˵
Ӱ׺˳ֵսͷβʱӡ
һ̣׺ЦЦƵظǰյִʱ˵Ǿ仰
ĪģϷȴǴѯʵ˼ƺһ£һ䣬ǷҪԼҲɡ
謺ǿӣ߹
׺ЦЦȡһֻСƿָһ㣬ͳһ¶ȫ˷謺ϡ
һȫ謺һҲû˿͵ĸоȫһƬθµ鶾Ѿ׽
謺¶м֮ɫֵлǰ
׺һЦ˷ﲻضϷ򲻹ճЩ꣬㾳൱ǰơֻܻϷš׺סɡ
謺һ֪˼ұԼ˺ܶ࣬Լʹû¶ԸҲȽϼѵĺα˼һסȻ´ͬΪףԷѾۿҪȥһˣԼŸոտʼǰӦõģԷҲǿڴͬΪп˵ķϰˣɲܲضԷ
һ£׺Ҳֻܻҡ謺졯ɡ
׺üƺָָΣЦ֪謺δϢޱȣƽȻˡ
謺쿴Σδ˿𾪣ȫ޷Ϊʲô鶾Ȼô׾ͱ⿪ˣҩɾȵģ
βף鶾Ȼҩɽģȴǡ׺֪ͬĶܻвͬЧȻҪ謺飬ô᲻λأҲˣﹺһܵĽⶾҩͨиӦġ鶾ҲǶҩ謺ԣȻãȻ͸ʵˡ֢ҲȥһУ﷮謺ȥ֢
謺ЦһȴνͣǰȥһŲ˺ε֮䡣
һ˲·ʲôˡ

⻭أ״Ц΢
Ŷ
ԪûʲôӦ
Ͼӵ˵ãôһⷽ˴Ժ󣬽ܵôĴ

εʱŤȫΡ
ҪҽУҪʹҪ
ϧɶҲʹ౻ڶʱ򣬾͸ӵʹࡣ
謺쿴ɫˣŲѹȻһЦϹʸʤһˡ
ҪƽαȻᴹߣڴ˿̣ȴ·𿴵ħŭɰ׺ˣҪһʲô񶾵
ǺҲ벻Ϊ𾪵İ׺ˣȻ¶˺͵ı顣
Σ
ģǳֻþ˰ɣ
謺ͬע⵽˺ڿԼĴֶˣ΢΢һ١
òᣬ²õӡ˰ɣ
Ȼعͷ
Ҳû뵽ľȻ͵ɫ
׺ˡ
ȷʵķ謺졣
ŮĲݣôܳΪǿߣĲݵŮǺ׳鰮еģĻҵǸ鰮еİܼӸˣ
׺˿謺񣬴Ȱ˼㡣
ĺŮˡ


203 Ϸܺ
˿̵İ׺еڡ
ôõŮ, ӦðԼ
ǰԣ׺ʱһ鰮ԷſӵʱѾϺ˵, Ҳһֱά״̬ʵû湴һ±衣ɽͲͬ˰, ᣬȫѪһ, ̬ҲġͱλĹ, ҲʵҲͱСһꡪ֤Էʱúܶˡǰʲô, Ҫ湫ӵ̬, ȫлȢΪ绥֣Էǳ5, Լȼ׸Ҳܺõģ
̫嶯ˣȻһ׹, ˼Ҷ, ٻָȥ˼, Ǿͽϲ֪ߣ
, ź
û˵, ׺˰̾˿, άŴ鳤ӡ
Ƿ謺, ۼֶ˶Լô֮ͣ, ֮ǰ㱻ռ˵Ҳʧ, ټϽⱻȱַѹ, Ҳòˡ
ûʲôԥ謺̹Ȼһơ
ɲǼ䣬εĿڴһݣ¡
λûֻѪſ˵ֻһ˫۾ֵصɴ󣬳İҪ
Ȼһ룬εҲֱӰȥ
ǵģ謺쿴Ŀ־壬ڶƾôŻӢ͸˳Դ
Σˡ
謺͸һֻƵģһʼĵùǺŵûʧɫϽŲԺ󣬾ͷˡ
Ь㣬˻ȥЬˡ
ķ謺죬׺˸ϧˣҺûӣȻҪڵѺӰ
謺ȻЦ׺˸˸ٴл׺
׺Ц謺̫ˡĸ謺˵仰ɱϾֲǺû֮ǰнڴţɺѾˣ͵еĹءο̸ҲԵĿ̫ǿʱ䳤أʵڲز֮
˵˼ˣϷҲȥˣʹ˸ǰɡ
謺׺ôˬ죬뵽ղķӦӡ͸ˡҲû룬֪謺ɷ׺Ϊѣ
׺㣬ֻǾԼæ̫ѣһȰؿԷЦ⵱Ȼá
謺ʱˣѸٵظ׺˻˽ġ
ţ׺ûֱͣʧſſ֮ţͻԭС

һп粢֪׺˾Ȼ뷨ֻΪ謺ıֶ˵Ȥǰһǲ־顣
ȻıٿرеŹ֡
˻
λ謺еⰡĺ֮һ衣
ǵģ衣

ԭľУ謺һרĿʷǳߵŮӣΪڱչȻʵͻƵףԸԼ򵥣Ҳ̫ıơ
ܲҡ
ʵ謺ͱһɻˣȻһѰżĹ򣬸鶾鶾ڸ޽ģ謺켴ʹֵҩЧաǲɻóˡ

鷭ʱף謺ԩԩ
ˣ˲ģǲɻȻʵͦߵģɱ涼в磬ԭǱȲģ˵ҲӦûƵŶԡ
ǣڷ謺졣
˵謺ԼõµѪù˵ڵǹעһǸʱһŮΪĺ֮һ
û˵ȥˡ
Һ÷謺õſҪȻѹûⳡѡ

ķ謺챻֮ǺιҪûɱɷ謺첢ʧԺͻᱻŻ߶˷Ůӣװԣںνӽ˲䣬Լɱ˺Ρⲻ֣β֣˱ȲϷ謺죬÷謺ٺ󣬾ûüֵɱҲ֡
謺쵱ȻҲǷŭģҲûʲôѰٻ뷨ǿ侲ָ壬صС
ûãԼˡ
ͻأ֣謺緢Ȼ취䲻ڣǷֵñȽһЩ飬Ҳ
ǸŮӤȡΪ½ѧ䱸
謺û뵽ǣȴΪһ˼֮ףȻӴҪĳȫ
ȻӿƳȣʵһֻԲ̽ͻ֪Ѿ˺ü֪
謺ŭޱȣͬŻ£ţǸС˪䱸ǿŮô˽ˣ
޷ԼȻһŮ֪ܣɱǳûռ˵ĵͽҲͰˣŮӹһϺڣ
һ̣謺мǿĴܸС
ãԼѪûѹǲɻǲɻѪ࣬ŮҲ¡
û취
붪ֻþϢ֪һŮ
ĽֵȻΪ߻ħŮΪ֮ǰһֱǹһź֮ǰľٶûдعΪǹĹΪͨƶǸ⣬ǹ˳ȥ
ⷽ棬ò˵Ͱ׺൱ͬ

Ȼ謺쾭£Ҳ׾Ҫˡ
ԭǿܳڵĸ߽׹ҪȡоǮţѹû뵽Լԭ˻ôԩ¶ʱҲ˲ˣֻðѱŵǮȻȥˣһҪһڶ
謺ȻǻϽѾҲԲôĵĶˣ

ҡҡͷҺðˣҪȻҲ̫ùˡ
ʵ˵ⷮ謺֮ѡǹзչüãϧƫƫѡгΪŮ֮һ裬ֱѪ˵Ҫô£⵹ùߵҲδػήͷϡ
ԪͷԺá
ЦЦô¶
ûʲôö࿴ˣԪˮּʼѹθעᱻ˷ѵԴˡ

һͷȾ硣
׺˵ͽ·նɱȾˡ
ԭ׺˾ءͽܸɻǷĵط³ְ׺˵Ӱ
׺˴˿Ȼ̾źҡͷſ
һĳȷʵʧˣ֪Ǯ١
8000ҡ
׺üͷһɶȲֱõĳɡΪʲôûõɣƿǸֵʵһ㣬׾ܶԸûø٣ΪɵΪ謺⣿
ˣ԰οȻô룬̾һ
ʱһֱɤ𣺡ʦ̾ʲôأɵò˳
׺壬̧ͷ˵Ϊʦܲ˳
˵ʱǰĸߴϡ
磬Ǽ˵㣬ô䣬ʤʵ죬ҲͦġҲͲһٶ꣬ͻƵˣſأ
ǿӲʣȻ̸ʮӢҪϸҲǸࡣ
Ĵͽܰ


204 
׺˵۹΢΢, ѽǸģȥǲˣͽܿ԰Ͳôһž͸СѾͷƽҲͱСʮ, ò, ûʲô, ֻҪŬ, ˵ѾͷأʱҪȢɾ׬ˡ
ȻӶԹа취ֻģѾͷձĹ, üۻ, ˵ˣǺ޲ҲһŰɡɲУ£϶ַӳء
׺뵽ĵĶ, ƲƲ, Űһʵ, Ҳ͸ӵشȰ
ûʦôֻï}ûš
Ҳﲻס, ʣʦ, ôˣ
׺ζ˵ûʲôֻΪʦʮ־, һԴ, Ҳսס
ʱͰǵ㲻֮Ժ, ϲüңлʦʲôʱʼ
׺˼ֱȰе飬º͵˵İɣ˴λΪʦһЩ㹺Դٸңɵ澡ʵֱͻΪֹ
ʱΪʦӦ謺ѾͷϤˣҲýܸʶ˵ܻ桪һһ֣ҲȻˡ
ܼǲõģȢž֮ˡ
ʱ򣬸Ҳҵҵָİ𲻸ˣ˵ʦֻдʦֿȥҲʵ
ִֵĹԣʵǶҪ飡
׺Цͻƻ磬Ϊʦûжٰˡ磬ʵΪϣȣ֮УΨʦ缴ףΪʦȻҪһ˴λ֮ƾ豾¶ٹͣΪʦгȡӦĿˣ˵ĸϸԽһ˻պ䲻вſȴֱѰΪʦ룬˻пȡһȡ
һô£ҲͲٲˣΪ˵˻ˣæ˵ǾͶлʦȥָ
һָҪ³ɱ֣ɱԽ࣬Խࡣ
׺˵ĻȻģֻܸжҲûܣǸԵȴǸп˵ĻϢģһͿԿҲȷԽ˻ܲȥֻǲҲи䣬ÿһĿȻʵϸҲû취ԼȡȻ˵ͬ⣬ǿԿһ¶Էſ塣ҲǸһССˡ
Ͱȥɻˣһˣ֪ͬЩ¡ȴСʦôֱейŹ֣ɵÿ˰׺ˡ
׺˺ЦҪΪʦ
Σյĸ֪ҲǺģһ׺̬
˵ʦץʱջָˡ
׺ףΪӦྡ
򣺡ǣʦϽۣ͵ԼǸӡ
׺ˣغϼţʲôʱҸʲôôźۼء謺Сδͽϱ˽ġ

ԪûŮ̫ãõԴˡеĻȥԺҲͺܿ뿪硣
ȻҪˣ͸ɴһӰ׿絽쿨磬Щ¿ǰûȥ磬ȫһһ߹
߹ٶȲ졣
෴ÿ綼Զͣһʱ䣬ԪɸѡȥһǸо˵صĵط
Ժ󣬲ŻҵǸϱȽƷͨġѾкܶƷҲȫ޶ɾˡЦֲֻһ͹ţƷȻǶƣֻеƷģƷ̫
ôԽ磬żͷһֱߣɢֻܿļԪǳá
Ԫһˣ֪Ԫϵͳʱ򣬸˵ͬʱ͸ˣΪһЩ£˼ʱͻᱻ¸ţȻˡ
ڣڿʼǡоüˡ
ÿ߹һطÿԽһ磬һԼرĬ죬˵ʱܻ⣬ܶʱ۵㶼ࡣ
ĸоĺüˡ
߹߰˸ԺǰһʱԪСۡ
ͷ¶ʡ
Ԫݸһᡣ
գգۣӹᣬ򿪡
߹ЩУǻһˡ
翴Լÿ羰ͬĽǶȲ̬ͬûʲôģÿһšƬǳгҲĵ÷ǳÿ
صûرֳߡһģһķ羰ֻз羰ұ߷羰һ˵̬
ΪѾҪȥʲôԪ󷽷ֱӴӸǶȡġڷ羰ģϳһİŵġƬ͸硣
磺
ʵƬǺܺÿģյҲǸ˵ģô˵أ̬е㸴ӡ
̧ۣøԪĿԡ
Ԫмɲ졪ҲֻܿġΡ
ЦЦЦҲܺÿҺϲлˡ
ԪУһĨ⡣
ȴĬĬ̾˿
֪ԪϵͳʱʵûʲôͬģǺѸ϶ΪһǺ¶
ֱڣ˵㡰ѲˣϵͳʵС
š
ǵúȥÿطʱԪظԱߣֻҪ̧ͷͱȻܿԪĴڣôôŲͬǶȵġƬԪôĳģ
ϵͳӽ˷İôԪӽǵȻҲ˷ġ
ԼʹԪʼպ硰벻·ǸˣʵϣԪֹ尡ȫλء硣
ܲ
գ绹ǶԪ¶һЦݣӦˡ
ֻȷԪӽǲȫһѣС¶
ãӦøԪõҪ
Ҫһֱܼǵ
˵Ǽȥ
Ԫ˵á
ǣԪ磬ٴȥ
ǰԽԽ࣬ԽԽ࡭
ÿ߰˸磬Ԫͻһᣬһһ󣬺úõذս
ٺü
ΪȻȥĵطֻһӴˣÿνʱҲǳǸ
Ǹյģʹʲôʯ׿ռ䡢ŻҲֻǸΪģȫԼ˽˵ģûУ
Ȼпռʵ磬ôþôãֻǵ̬Ҫѷҡ
ɻôһ㲻˲ĵطˡ
ͱأղᣬԪ͸ȻջкֻԪһطȻʵûʲôϾͦڵġ
ǣ籧ŸյõһᣬԪ˵ҵǲҲŪһúõķ
Ԫ˽˵ʯ׿ռ仹Ǳ󿪱٣
Ҳط¸һƬûҪҲͦ۵ġ
ֱڱ濪ٰɡ価һ㣬Ҹ㼸ҰڶҲһ㡭


205 ¾
˵ĵ, ˽Ԫ΢ס֡
һ㶡
һ룬ǰһ, ѾһƬĿռ
Ԫô, ƺ͸Ԫһ, ûƾ, Ҳûвʲô, ȴôվ翵ĵط, ΨֻܸܵԪָĴУȶ޳, Ҳûʲôġ
ռҲһƬڵģûκι绹ܸ֪ľ󡪡ֻ, и֪, ƺҲΪԪĴڡ
翪ڣһƬ쳣Ԫ, ǣ
Ԫһ΢΢ĽУէһƽûʲôȴƽûе֮У¿ٵĿռ䡣˵䣬ת
ԼǸƮƮ, ôһתȥˡ
ȻͿںĲԶ, һʵĹӰǹӰ̬, һλģ
磺
Ԫ΢΢ͷ
糯˷˿
Ԫ, , ĵط, Ҳһɰ׹, ΪƬա
һЦǿʼɡ
Ԫ˵á
ɲǼ䣬âţޱǷ·һ޼ʵգȻʼ̮
ͬһʱ̣Ԫָ˫֮ϣסǿ⡣
գգۡ
ԪëĲҲ΢΢һ¡
̫ʲôоͣټӺƿơ
ʱоԼ˫Ųʵϣ̧һϣԭ·һĿռ䣬˷츲ذı仯
ô˵еţ׼ȷ˵һ޴ġտķ䡣
ȫûװ޵ĵķ䡣
ţһٶƽף·û󣬿ϾǸ䣬ٴĻסҲô
Ԫֳ桰ǽһָǽϷһǽͶȻ͸״ͷ·ش
ϸһܷǡشȻ͸ãӳճȴľ󣬶ġĳĳ羰
Ƿ羰Ԫȥġ̾ĵط
綮ˣⲻԪŪˮŪһش̬ѡԺҪľֱӿشˡ
ôţ˿ǸĹӰˣԭйӰĵطֵһпɳشڵĵط
ô˵ءڼͥӰӰĸо
и⣬λ񲻶ԣ
翴ԪʣҴӱҪֱӳɳ𣿡
Ԫͷ
һ
Ԫ˵ϵͳռڲλڿС
綮ˣʵϵͳҲûʲôλԵģȻⷿǿڱģʻԪôôڱϿǱɳģʵԪĴͣԪֱӰŲƹ
ˣⲻҪǼɡϾԺطŻĵطǿյĴǸ߸ϵı䱦
Ԫ֣ߵɳǰ档
ŷ֣֮ǰձɷ䣬ԪҲûɿȻɿˡڵ̧ŵ֣ӣɳϣ˵ͦġ
Ԫ˵ǾͲظˡ
磺š
ע£Ԫָһ㣬ǳõסǽĴɳȻһأұ߶˴׿ĿմǿմѸٱϣԻһųԼף׵Ĵ󴲡Ǵ󴲺ɳ֮ľ룬ֻһҡ
ұȥ׵Ĵ󣬻дƬĿǽǿյģԪָ˼ºȫ˸߸ߵĲܣСȡ̬죬еĴеľɡ
⣬ɳǰһҲǺζķڲʮƥ䣬û˿Υ͸С
ŵļҾ߸㶨󣬿ԷЩҾߵϸ΢Կ·ǵķҲڰڷųѸپϸųֳһг״̬
ɳϣٵس˺ĵӺͿ̺˲ӣзŵ̺˾ĵ̺ʵŲʱһּΪʶҷ·ʱȥĸо
˵¶ȡ
еĽǸеĳط֪ôģһθĸоⲻͬҲЩ
ΪҡƵİɡ
š
ֻµĴке㲻ԡ
ͷһ
֪ʲôʱЬûˡ
翴Ԫ
Ԫ˵״̬
㶣ַԼҲһر׷ļҾӷԪȷʵ̫˽ˣƽⰡ·ֱӸˡ
е̫ƽˣƽ⵽Զԣ
תһ룬Ԫϵͳʱ򣬶ֱӰϴ衱·ʲô
ɡɡ
գ绹
ˣԪǰˣҲǿ̫ˡ
ĬĬʱǰشȻ˱仯
һĻϳĹԼΧȴڵŹɣǸȾ硣
Ϊش㹻ܿʾһĸȻİ׷ߣٻſ壬뺬Цƺʲô˵
͸ˣ׷ǰ׺ˣŹǾҵҵɱֵͽˡ
Ԫ˵𣿡
Ҳ˳ƹϿڣţ뿴ء
ȻֻΪǸղŵǵΣעڰ׺ʱͷһ˼Ķ
ΪʱԶԶиŮҡϣƮƮ˰׺˵ߡ
ŮһװòޣǱˣǷ謺졣
еп׺˵Ľ治һθֵ¶ʱͼ˽ģô˻죬ⶼһطˡ
ÿ˱͵Ⱦʱȥĵص㶼ǲͬģ謺ҵߣ׺ǿΪ׺˽ĸȷϱ˴ڵķλһָҹ
謺Ȼ԰׺˺Σ˪ݣڿ˲һĨǳЦɤҲһ˿ͣеغѣ׺壬ղɺã
׺˹һЦõúܣܹϷϲ
ΪԶԶսͽܵȻҲûĵؼȥ׷ɱһƬȾߺҲΧ׺˵ߡ
謺׺˵ͽܣڿǣҲûʲô䱸ľٶֻӱܵ΢΢ȻԷɡ
׺˺ָָܴһܹȥȻ˵£ô꣬Ҳֻʵ϶ܽÿЩ룬ȴԶ㡣謺ѾͷǲǼһͬȥȷ棬ı£Ҳ֪Щߵغ񣬵Щ档
謺ڸ׺˽ʱͽܵ˼ʱûܾڱ׺ٴʱҲûʲô
ЦЦ˵׺ˣֶŮͼͬȥǡ
謺ľ߹ΪѡǸ׺ӣҲΪӰ׺㣬ǵıȷʵĵ
ţ謺ĴŰһɱȥˡ

翴ſţò̫Ծ
Ȼ԰ɣôá׺ڸͽܰͷ謺ǣߣ⻹ˣ
ɣҪǷ謺̸ˣҲʲô⣬ֻҪǮλ˵̸ˣֱӽ顢һסһƾ磬Ƕû⡣
󣬲׬Ǯ׵ǿƵͬҲܸһشٽķϢ
ĶС

ҡҡͷûٶ࿴վߵܵǰ档
Ԫ֮ǰЩᡭ
һƬ
ǰ
һһѡÿһطȥ
米ԪڶʱԪͻȻ˵𣿡
һ٣ͷһ߷ᣬһҡҡͷû
Ԫû˵ˡ
Ҳû˵ˡ
ֹһ˲֪˭˸ͷ˸Ļ
սǢֱúһˡ
ֱ綼û˵Ԫٸ·¡
Ϊ
Լ·ĺܷ㰡


206 Ԫġ¡
ԪʲôҲû˵, ȻȻأĬظıһЩʽ
˵ǰһȥϿκ, һ廹ǻס, ͬһ, ֻʱ», СôȻڿκķ䣬ÿȴֱû, ֱӻصǸ硪˵϶, ʵԪõǸ˽С
ٱ, ǰĩصھӵǸڸԵĴϢװԺ, һ, ֻ˯ʱֿôǻصԵĴ, ֱӾͽУǴǸ˽С
ٱ磬ĩʱص͸ı, סڲͬķ䡭ôȥ˱, طǻֱӽе˽ֻ»ڷ, ʲô£ҲǸ⹵ͨ˼
ص˽ÿϡ
ԪҲû˵ٶ࿪һʲô, ϾԪϵͳ, Ƕϵͳռڲ, ѹǶһ١ֻҪԪ뿪ԼͿ԰˯ˣʱԪӦҲ״̬ϵͳռ޴ڣʶĴҲû˵ĬԪĴڡ
ǣڸϢʱԪض˵ռǴ󴲵һߡ
ԪңԸһӡ
֮ľ׶࣬һƺͬסʱҪԶһ㣬һŴϺͲһŴϣкܴͬġ
е㲻ڣԲܿ൱Լ
Ȼ͸˯ˣҲ֪ʲô
鷢չ̫죬ӵõȱָٵܹҲûһ꣬ɾ̫̫࣬࣬СʶԪҲ仯̫࡭ͷ·ʱһԾ˺üƵģоǹŹ֡
ַ˸ַ
Ȼ䣬˾ȵĺǴݵƵġ
΢΢̧ۣ˯úܰԪǹɶ嵭ĺ΢ĶȴôأԾƽ
ٽء˯ӿ
ۡ
û֣ĺҲ೤ƽ͡
˯ˡ
һ̣Ԫۣؿ硣
ʵǲҪ˯ģ˵ڲʶڸѧϰˡԺ˯ʲô
ڸղţܵװ˯Ȼֶһʲô
Ԫٴαۡ
ԼԼʶȥ

˽Ҳɹ󣬲Ȼֵܶ࣬ŵĶĿǰȴֻԪ͸ѡ
ţԪʼڸҡĹ̡
ֻһأ֮ǰвͬ
һƬġضҶĺʱЦſԪȥۣ
Ԫͷָ㡣
Ǻϣ߲ԶĵطȻͳһֻСۡ
գۼСϣС˿ˮȻҲûве⣬˵ʱͦõģϣʼӴʱǿˡ
ɤʼӰεԪ
ǵġ
ЦЦ˸⣺Ǽգû˼ҲǵĺհɡԺҪȥôطֻҵӰҲ̫ˡ
Ԫûоܾ磬ڽ죬ȴĬˡ
һҲʲôֵҪ󰡣ԪΪϵͳͨģҲĲ˵ĺհɣ
΢΢ۣԪĬеɡ
ԪĬӺһᡣ
֮ǰĻҪֻܶ࣬һмš
翴Ԫһۣùһҳ

һƬҶУϣָǰϴЦڶߵ˵΢΢ͷˣרע
֮պܺггͷ·һ壬ٲ岻κһˡ
磬ԪҶ֮ǰȥһ0硣
ƬһƬصĵطһصķ¶һͻһƬֻǳֺһӾͻɢǡϰ̷֮ȥͿԼǵʵû˿󻼡
ıȻǸ׼ģǻΪĳЩԭǡøϷ¶죬˴Ƭ¶õ˴ĺô
ΪƬ¶þû˱ֵġΪȻɶɢһȫժȡ
ͣһΪƬķǳ

һƬǺذǸ
صǡ
縣ƵģƬһ㡣

ƬϷһƬͻȻƵģ涼쳣鶯
˴Ц𣺡ԪЩҶҪˡ
˵á
̾طľɫ
긽ͣš
̵ĶԻ󣬻»ָƽ
ǿ˺Ц˵˲¼ɸ˵ĸоȴܲͬˡ

һ΢΢졣
Ԫǡ˸ƵǶ̬ͼƬ
ƵĻ̡̫̬ͼƬĻͼƬ˵
֣ȻףԪġ֮µ䣬ķʽ
ԪĻԪȺȵҪɻ
ĬĬط˵ڶҳ
Ҳ֪Ԫôģÿһҳʵֻһͼм壬չƽ
šƬϣӳһ޴ٲ

ٲһƥɽֱ£·ˮɣǻţ˼¡
·и̶кָܶô㣬ӵкǿ̲ãԵöˣ˥
Ƭеˮ̶ߵһʯϣ΢ķңϵЦȻǳ൱ʵ
ͬµԪͷЦݣ桭Ҳʱ̫ˣ˫ûʲôŵ⡣
һ¡
ɻˣ
ڴʯϵ˵տУ׻Ӧò
µԪӦȥ
ϲЦտˣԺ󣬸ҸҲһݰɡ
Ԫ˵á

ʶԼƤе
ô˵أԪ̫˳ˡ
ƽʱã󣬾еûۿĸо
ǡ
е㻳ˣղ´˰ɣԪ⻭ʲôĻ䣬ԼָʹĺʷСϾĻ˵ԪϲԼָʹȥ𣿶ԼԲԴõġ
򿪵ͼƬ
Ҳһ羰ĵطҲһ̵Ķ̬档ҪԪȥԴѼУżԪ˵Ҫ⣬żԪ˵ҪǣżԪҪҪǡ
磺
ƽʱãⱾỹû꣬ѾԼˡ

һȫꡣ
ȫϰԪ¼ģȫǲ͵ģ
Ԫʲô
ĬĬԪ
Ԫۡ
̽ʣµЩǡ
Ԫ磬·һС硣
ǣ˵ܿɰ
磺
Ԫ˵ҾãõĻ䡣

ȥǡõĻ䰡
Ԫǲ⣡


207 һ
绳ʱ, ԪȻǰһ
֮ľ뱾ͺܽھ͸ˡ
ʶغһ
µС΢΢һ£˿˿, ںɢȥոҪ, ȻҲء޺ۼ
Ԫȴ֣ס֡
Ҳһ¡
ԼһΪʲôүֵ֮ľٶ̫ˣʵ˫Ҳֻ΢΢һ, һҲû˵
оԼĵƵģûˡ
Ȼûˡ
˭ţ
׵ǿ, ﲻǿǸҲ㶥, ֻһֶѣͺȻʹ˭ţ
ƫƫ
ԪǧƵ, ȥȴ֪ʵָǡһ¶ѡ
ͬʱԤ, ƺԪҪʲôֵˡ
Ԫޱ飬ĵģһϸ΢Ľš
С硣ȽһȻһһ˵ЩȷҲĻ, ¼Ǿĺܿɰ, Һһֱһ𡣡
úܿ졭Ԫ֪֪˵ʲôҲ̫˰ɣǲǸһԪ, ˵ôĻ, Լѧϰ׸㵽·ȥ
Ԫȴ˵֪ǻԶһ, һ㡣, Ǹ, Ӷеġרעض۾ϲ㣬̸һ飬顣
翴Ԫ˹оеѣ
˵ģû˱ǸܣǻԶһ֮ĹϵҲѾˣôȷϲңΪѧˣ˴̫˼ŲߣܿԪġ˵Žûãϵ̫ǢˣܻΪϵͳദʱȫûʲôܻģЩദʽôͨǲһͨҲǣô׽ٺãҲǱϵĲһ
˵˵ţô¶
Ϊദʱûʲôޣܳϵͳ޷Ľϻ⣬ദԪһЩ֮ܽӽԪоټĺãˣԼԼ˵ˡ
ȻԪ˵ˡ
֪ķ֮нϵġ
ܶΪ˲ȺϣҲкܶΪγһȹ̵ϵΪ£߻ʲôԭԭɵñȸԼֱϵѪԵ˸׽ϵܡеΪж˺档
Ԫ˵ĸоģǰǡ
ʹǣһĻȻԵñ˺ܶࡪǸܡеأֻԼ˵ĻԼ뷨˽˵뷨
ұûʲôĵģʶ󣬺Ķѧϰˡ᲻ͬϡҾܶ࣬ʵ꣬˺ܶ࣬ұΪȻģҸһֱȥͺܺˣĿǰЩһѧѾܹҸɺԵˡû뵽ѧ˲㡣
ĳһ죬ͻȻ뵽Ѿˣٹϼ͵ϵķ䡣ܻ֮ʶһϲˣమĽ顣Ϊʱ䳤ãȴ㣬һҲкܶ£顭
ⱾҲûʲôǰģЩͬһʱھкܶ¡Ϊϵͳԣжٰ£Ԫˣϵͳ뿪ϵͳİİҲȡԽ࣬ǵķԽأϵͳýЩ
ֻҪһа£һǼҶܽ⡣
Ԫ죺һʼΪ֮ռͼģѧ˲õĺ֢ʱ䳤Ȼûˡɺҷ֣ô¡΢΢ͷͻȻһ죬ҿһˣʱԽԽһ㣬һһ㡣
̧ͷֹ
Ҳûô㣬ٵһȣԪеľȣûס
룬˵˵ܿסҲиˡǰû⣬Ҳûдھÿġ
һ̣˲죬ֱӺ쵽˶
ΪϵͳԪκʱ࣬ûɵ£Ҳû֪ĶԶô侲¾׼ڣȻ˵ûס
Ԫ֮ǰЩʰףǻţ˺ϵͳϾǲͬģϵͳǲģ˵ĻҲδض뷨ҲϵͳзóĽֻۣԪѧˣӣûֱܷѡԪ˵һҲδؾϲϾúÿԪֻԸӴⷽĳԻῴҲġ
Ԫûס
Ҳ˵Ԫ˼ǣҲʲôֻǱܵؿˡ˵˵
ҲΪ˵צˡ
ӣһڣϱӻȢ˹ⱲԪˣȢŸʲôҲø˹ʲôȤζи̸˼ˡ
ƫƫԪҪˣһϵͳȻ̸顭
˼һ⣬ϲϲԪ
ϲԪҪܾԪ𣿶ϲôϲ
̵¶ȼġ
ǳԪκһˣ϶ֱӾܾˣԪ˶ǲͬģͬʵãϲԪԪҪһҲԸһġҪľǹһˣƫƫϵͳҪһ

ԪصĻشûдߴ٣ڴ
һٴΰͷ̧¶˵ҪȻһװɡ
ܷԪһ׹Ժ֪ܿǸоƽƽǸоϲжϡ

ʹ֪ԪҲû뵽Ļ
ķӦԤÿһַӦͬ
ⲻҪԪĶ˼죬Ǿ仰ɲǾͱܵ磬˫ְļϣͷ
˵ıǼഥ
رۡ
һ룬΢ĴĴϣϸϾ֪ԪĴ
Ԫġһˡ
һġ
Ҳǣ߰ţ˵ıװɣȻʲôģҲòô֣ء
۵һнԼй٣о˫ԪӵǸɲǣ֪˭˵Ĵϵ¶ҲȻû죬ԪϢȴ뵽ĸй֮ڣһĶһ˿ĳУһܵߵڡ
оԪ˫ԭļϣȴܿ˳ŻȥıڻȻ·ʲôҺУⶼĴа룬ʵʵؽϡĸоǵһˣؿΪҲһסԵʣһεĸоָⲻͬ
ʶͬϴεѣѸٱһŽΪһʶȵסյӣʶҪˡ
ģģ룬ԪһԪˣڡжϳ
ȻʲôҲ֪ˡ


208 һ
ʱ, һͻᷢҶһҶҡҷСۣϷ·ӵ, ƺֻһˡ
Ǹ, ߡ
Ȼ䣬ⶸȻ˸
һ˲ʧСۻ΢΢ҡΣԭ·˵ĵط, ȴտյ

ѹʱ׿Ĵϡÿһ춼ͬ, оԼһ˽һ𡪡ȷе˵, һ˹ڻˣ֫˲һ𣬾߸ŸԴ, Ϻ
ܡûй
ģģ, е, ȫ˰죬ÿͬһŴţֻƽ֮, ù, ˴˼伸˵ûʲô롣
ȻƬļӿУ, ҲӦ, ԪֱӴص˵˽ˣ
һ, ǵͨ졣
ܴ裡ֱܴ裡ġȻιȥˣð˳ж, ͱһ׶, ֱεûʶŻǱ˸ģҪӵϵͳ˲ϵͳͿ԰˸Ρ
һƬҵʱоʲô΢ĴУĲᴥ
罩ľ
ţϤּ̧ٴĴϡ
磺
˿ֱ̣ιȥġ衱Уֱûˡ
Ԫ̧紽ס
û׵ֻ̫شһһεġ
类׵û̧۶Ԫ۾۵ִרעôı顭
һ˲Ҳٿϲϲˣ϶ϲġ
ֲϣ֮ǰٶٲȷҲףϲ侲ѹ侲ˣ׼ǣϲʲô
ֻǡ
翴ŻһһµԪеΡ
Ԫǹģ˵һ׾һףȥġ
绹ûܾԪס
ֱԪһҪ׵ĵϵļʱֱסԪĺףſҧס졣
Ԫͣ£ؿ硣
ɿ죬̲סЦˣ˰ûˣ
Ԫ
綮ˣûꡣ
ȻȷԼҲϲԪҲͦϲԪܵģôȥ춼ҪͺƤˣͲڣ治ڡ
ɴֳסԪ졣
˵
Ԫͷ
ָɫһȾ΢΢ĺ졣
ٴҵ˼ǡǻû˵ס
Ԫ£һ˿Ȼ
ҲԪȻͦöͷסĶͷ
ԪֻһĨ⡣
һۣ׻ŬرԼ⣺˵һף֪ҵϲϲ㡭Ǽ˲ԪıǼ⣬ðɣҲϲ㡣
Ԫһųϲá
ģڱԼ顣
еôڵŲ֡
Ԫֱٴס硣
һز̽ҲûнţԪ磬Ҳǡ
ؿԪϵĶѤҲͺʾԪ˿̵顣
ֿʼеϵҲȥʱԼԼоԪڵ뷨¡
ƵЦ˼ҲԾûоܾ
ܻֱ̧Ԫĺ󱳣ҲػӦ
㣬ԪʲôʲôɣҲͦġ

ٴѹʱ̱֫ڴϵġ
صûı䣬޼ȴˡ
ôţͷԼˡ
Ϊϵ΢΢Ծ˸к
ûϵ⡣
ӣŰҲȥһֻĴͷ̬棬òһ
ͬʱҲһ㱡ǹŵģǳ׷൱
΢顣
ֳ˲мļӸСٿ⣬ǰųһɫõ壬ֻΪɫǵɢ
˵ͦÿġ
ɢȥһ룬һɫӰǰŸ̡
żСˣһŨİࡣ
ͬʱһС֧ǰߣѲ˰ںãȻʧҲ˴ߡ
翴һУٴγ˳顣
һҲʱ͵ߡ
磺
ڣ治ڡ
ſڰˣ˳ÿ͹һСˡ
ţǵڶСˡСˣġ
ûʮӣˣҲԲ࣬һӦоҲʧ
ֻһµԪԱߣɵֱۣԾԾ§ˡ
Ц͹Ҹʲô
Ԫ˲һ§ס
Ȼش
룬ͷԼ첲Щ߰ĺۼٸһڻŵʹȫˡ
һҲ֪̫ˣ¶ԪһҲĲ죬ԼҲûԣӵ
Ԫͣǰҿܶ࣬Ҳдܶࡣһһҹ󣬺ܶ඼ˣзŭġ
룬ʧЦ
⣬˸һȷģٻеʤġĺ⣬ڴ˱ѹоԼˣͲˬˡŭҲ⣬ͬˣѹ²߳ŭ
絹ûʲôԹԣϾȽϲһ
ҪԪ浥ԪΪλԼԪɫԻ˾ԡҪҪԪ²ԺҲҪ߳ŭġԪԪͬʱϵͳ仰˵ͻˣԴ֣˱ǲҿʵ˵ԪǴˣԪҪȥ˵ܲ´⣬šǶ֮һˡ
Ц´α̫ã𴲵С
Ԫͷһ棺Ҽסˡ
̿ͷԪôô˳ۡ
ԼʵûȻڱ˸׺͸һˣ֪Լϲ϶Էˣϲϲɣ͸˶ˡ
ȣ졣
ֵǣºҲûڣҲûʲôõġЧʰɣһ֮Ԫ㶨Ҳ㶨Ԫ
ʱԪɤѵһ˿ȸԾǽˡ
ã⻰ֻüôͽˣ㲻˵̸𣿡
Ԫ˵ǵĹϵκһ˶ܣԺ󶴷ǽˡ˶٣䣬û˵̸̸ͽһ˵ġǽ̸һģһ߽飬һ̸
㶣һ£Ԫ׵ʱ򣬻һ˵ģǲٽ˼ԪΪǵĹϵѾ㹻ܣԾҲʣһ򡭡ˣҲǽˣ
ԪغһҺܸˡ
翴Ԫûʲô飬Ǿϸһ׼ĿȴԵе䡢ûڣ˺ܶ࣬ȷǺܸˡ
ЦۣҲܸˡ


209 ·
Ƕ鶴һεһν, ׻һ³ϡǾʵһ֮Լ¡ʵϣǵȷǵһ췢£ιȥԺ, Ϊһѹһ졣Ķ, ԼʶʱҲͼ˴죬ûʶԺֳˡ졣
, Ԫ˸ҹͺһѾ
ҲΪһ׵ĸߴ, Ẕ֮̇֫
֪ʵе
ɵתͷԪʱ
ˣʱеԤ, Ҳûʲô

¼ȻѾ㶨, ܲϢǰǹ¹һ, ڿ˵ģҲмѣù·С
Ȼؾ͸Ԫµûȥ硣
Ԫ顣

ϸڸȾɱȾߣһʱʵͦģǿԻཻк󱳵ˣһ׬ķҲô࣬ÿ춼Ըо, ԼʵгĽ
Ҳ͹, ʱࡣ
˰ʱ, ûмǸһ׼ȥ
ʱſ΢𶯡
ٻſ
ּ⶯ЦˣС磿
ϵͷ
ſǿԸѵģԾܿȻͰóע󣬱˵˽ľȥĲͬʲôʱ򷢹ſѡ
Ҳ֪ʵݼ֮£ҲΪעʱһϵķӦ֪̾ˡ
һɨ˽ݣѸٸظ󣬶˵С˵Ҫ˵ԼһڼҳԷ
־˾һѣǾ͸Ͻȥɡ
ţѸٴ֮ţй㳡Ȼֻصȥ
Ѹٵִ˸ȥ˲ͬԡңϴ˸ս衣
ֲЦʣϸ磬˵Сǻʲô¶ô֣ء
Ҳ˵׼˵ȥ֪ˡ
̼仰һߵڵı
ȻĶ¥ͨģϻǲóȻӶ¥ֱӹȥϾ¥ҵˣܵܶ⵱ȴصܵܵ˽ȻڵıǰҲ¼ָƵģžǿʲôصص㡣
ź󣬾ŵ˷˵һæȻԪˣЦݳ߿ʾӭǡ
ǡ
֪ôģϸоĵܸܵȣȴе΢Ĳͬе㲻̫ӡ
Ҳ׸ѪԵϵԵֺſˡ
ȷʵ̫ͬΪ£Ϊڲһˣ
ǵģԪڳǡôԶı棬һ㱡⡣
Ԫ˵Ԫһ֡
ôÿʱÿȫ¶һʵʵرסһ϶ûУѽ

ʱصϷϢ֮ǰ
ȸԪô˵Ҳǻһ٣ʢһ㡣ʳĻȻҸѾ֪пˣҲǰ󡭡ؾͱͨĲɫˣȥ׵ǸҵͲˣô
ԪһصͷӦ
룬˵ԼңŪþưɡ˵ǽ飬Ҳ֤Ҹǰȸƣǹ·
ԪһĨǳЦȥõġ
һ֣а
˵Żһȥѡʳˡ
Ԫ۹⵱ȻõģǸߣһ߹䣬ʱҲںϼƲɫ࣬ûпӿٶȡеˣ㡰ˡҲ˼ġ
Ժ˻ص
Ԫ£ۿɫ磬Ϊ׼ʱԵԪȥˣڿ緢˽ġԤʲôԪ֮ǰͿˣڸȾɱأ⼸ܹɣˡ
ԪȻ߽˳
ɳϣ˽һλ֮ое㲻Ծ
һ˸ĴڸС
ƤģεһϢ
磺
ȻӦĳ̲ס
Ԫϴˡ
ٴεͷƤϻһ⣬ܱ׷
·´һ£ַ·ԪӵţɲǼ䣬һܸ߳ȻѹʱȥѾɧˣû뵽иɧġ
ԣһˣ
Լӵ裬η
Ԫôճ˵
˵ģ֪ԪԪǸϵͳʵʵĽУֱǿֲˡ

ʱٻصڡ
زԾˣ˵ʲôأһˣȫˣܲ١¶ʵ顱Żɣ
ˣɡ
ŬϰִУŬرЦ˵磬磬ԪǱټ˾ˡ
϶ܵܣûʲôģҲԪһߵɳϡ
ĵ
Ȼһ۾ܿţػǹػ
ò˵Ϊ׸磬ʻǺܺõģ˺ʵĹҵõֵĽڻиȾǸ֣ʵͻͽȻҲڽ쵽ôʱֱͻһ׵ĵز׵ķҲѾﵽеƫϵλá
ֵʸ˵
ѪӳɵģעȾϸ죬ʹϱһʱ䣬ֵʵɼϳƽˡ
Ŀǰ״̬ܺãΪ׬Һ½ЩõĶϵ˼ֺܣѰķչҲȶû̫ע⣬ҲС
һҼ죬ķҲԽŨ
ʱϵ΢΢񶯣Ƥһȥ
ȻԪǡö̲߳
վȥæ
Ԫרעؿ
磺ȥ
Ԫá
̷ֿȥ̳óƾߣԪǳѸٵذѾõʮ˰Ҳֱںá
Ҳ׼һæɵܵܺԪǳ죬һ
ҲûʲôǴ¡
ֻǡ
ϵͷС˵Ԫܸˡ
ֿһԪͬСȵͷ
ҲôõģʵԪ죬Ҳ٣ܶʱãС⣬ԪﶼڡҲϸΪС׸磬űԪ˳һۣԼžǸ˳˳żԪƻˡ
ǽԪⲻͬǻɢǴ̶»ӡһĵĴƵģʻǼģȴҲΪ㴺һ΢ůеˡ
־ãԪ춼е֡
ȵȣѵǡ
Ȼ˸²⣬û˵
ܿ죬˳
ϯǷͬѰķʢףʲôƵġ
ԽãԼĲ²ǶԵġ
ţҲȷõ֤

ڿϯ󲻾ãѾٱ磬磬ҸԪˡ
ԪҲٱ
һ
ϣ


210 ɢϲ
һ, ϼ±Ƶġ
˭ĶܽΪʲôº֪
ҲԼ׸ã̲סЦˣ磬ûҸԪѾˡһ, ǹ֮仹֤, ҸԪѾеļ֤µ޽Լ, ֻ֮ҪԷͬ, ͿԿԷſ塣ԼǴģһŽ֤ԼЧ
ԪԱϹ, ǵͷ͡
, Ҳøſ׼Ȼˣ˵ˣϵͳҪڿ֮ĽԼصſȥ
Ľ, ã񽥽ѹ׼ȥſǸ鹦, 뵽, ʱ, ҲҲܽ飿
翴뷨, ˵м֤ĹܻûߣԼ˽Լ, Ȼæ޽Լ, ⹦ܹƲҲؽȥ˵, ع֮ǰĻ⣬ҸԪԺ, Űϲ, һԷ, Ҳ¸ǡ
Ԫʼձ־ٱơ
ϻع, Ц, Ԫ̬棬Ҳû˵ʲô
ԱѾ׼
ϾͰԼıӾһ𣬷ֱԼ׵ܺһı˵ǳˣĶҲûҪֻ˵һ䣬Ȼȷ⣬м֤½˻飬ôԺһҪ䰮ݡ·ܳߵԶ
־ͺܼˣֻһЦףҸ
Ҳ󣬵ͷ˵֪˸磬л硣
Ԫִţǻġ
֮ԪٸԷһСƣھϺֵļ֤£Ÿ첲˸һЦ
ȴʱվͲٺ͸ղһ࣬һƬ֡
Ȼܵһعζ󣬵ҲûʲôԼ˵ģҶǳˣδµѡǶԼ£ο¶һ㶼⣬ܸԪ֮Ǹ״ֻ̬Ҫ΢ϤܿèҲ̫Ϥͦٶ۵ģһֱӵڡ
ԼԼǾе졪ͺǰ滹ֽûͱƣؼͰѻ鶼ˡ
ֺһƣеп
˰ǿ졣

״Լ׸ǰ·ԺƵѵļѣɴغԪһǵѧУķһٷǵĹϵҲһ顪Ȼǲ˵ʲôģѾ°뱲ӵϵѾҳ֡
ͿϵܣôһҲûú֣ƱֻܾٱʾףˣٽҪǮ绹ѷǮˡǣСܺţ׷׿ңͬ˷Ǯ
ø֪˶֪ˣȥԼ˵¶
ʲô¶ء
ˣ
ϲǻûɢأô£ߵˣĿҲմմϲ
뵽Լ䣬ÿ°ڣ泶һʵʵ⡣
ˮԪѸߡ
ڣ̫ԪֱԻˣϲﾾŵɶǰٿŵɶ
ԪҲף΢΢ۣ翪ڡ
˵ǸпǷɡ
Ԫû
磺޽صϢ飿
Ԫ˵á
⣬˼ǵҸڣ˵
Ԫߣϡ
һ룬ⶸȻšͣΪһˣ磬˵ĻͬʱԶԪɢˡ
翿ԪĻܵǽʵı۰Ԫ֣Ĭˡ
аɣϵͳ仯ǧţ
ԪһһеĴϡ
һ顣
Ԫ˲
ͷ˿
Ԫˡ
Ԫһѣٴαɫ̹˵С

磬ѾϵϵеĿǡȥûȥȾģõԼſ֪ͨѡ
֪ͨxxxxxxеļ֤µ޽ԼΪпеһԽΪİ£˵ͬɴʽ޽޽/Լ飬Ϣ·ӡ
֪ͨΪףһ԰µСʱȡͬʱʽԺ󣬸λ˵ſϽ־ͺɢϲÿп˿һΣòͬķңӺʧ
֪ͨΪףأؿ齱ʱĶʮСʱڣÿ˵ſϽֳ齱̣ǿԽ齱齱齫·ϸܡ

Ͼ£ٶ൱죬ⲢԪͻ¡ر磬Ǻʽеġ
˵ǰͷһأҲֻһεԼԼָһģָ˵ڽĶǸһʶĻûϵͳҲǻӵˣⱲҲ̵㣬ƾԼıҲǿԻúܺõġɰ¾Ͳͬˣκ͸Ĵڣϵһ룬ϵͳԪЯôꡭǽ֮ϲ
ԣȻп˵֮ˣбȴҲøԼһ档
пһԽģлΪ⿪˽İ飬ͺӡʮҵĴԿ硢Ԫϵ巢ģת룬˷ôǮеˣͻɡ
ȻˣݣԪһ˳һ룬һɢϲ
ҲҲ˵һ˳һ롣
ΪغЩ׼¹ˣԼϵͳʱԼ˺ôһ֣֪Լ˻֪ʲôʱԪϵͳĺһˡ
˵ڶԺĵڶ죬ҲԪȷԺ󣬴Ӵ˭ǮҪãԪʾԼҪ֧ȡʱģԺҲʲôһϵͳһ룬ȫֱӴһ˻
磺
ֱϽʿɣɵƯǸоġ

˵Ҳò룬Ժ˻С㱾岻ǻõ𣿸ûʱͻҪʱֱӳ飬ס㰲ȫһλʱҪã㿴ҲֱӸҰ˾С
Ǹ齱
֮ģҪϸˣôŽĻ޶ëҲӦ齱Ӧ˶
ĿǰпֻǸ5ѣõĽƷƷҲֻķΧҲʵֵҵģɱֻһ
ҡ
齱ﲻɱʱƷĴǲֵġ

ȾϸɱһӰΧȦܳ
ʱһֹȥģΪſ֪ͨ׷׵Ҳûмǽ밲ȫĵطȿϢ
ѸٿݣڵС˵һ鹦ˡ
Ҳܿ쿴꣬һ˿ĽܿЦСǵӴҲãȻĵһԣҲܲϲˡ룬ǴֱӻȥɣСʱһξ͹ˣϢ³Ե㶫ٶϴϴ֣ȡġ
ѵÿôƤӣҲЦЦá
ţǲҸʱ䣬ʽ飿ֵ˼ϸм֤µ޽ԼӦָܸİȫС


211 ߳齱
еĵһԽ˵ġɫը, ըеĿˡ
ǵģеġ
ڸȾƴɱ׬ǮĸεۿǺʵȥɱ߱ϲݡԸȥɱǡ
һֱ˦ųβɨȾߡһĳߡ
Ȼ, Գ߶, еľͲʲô᲻, ﲢûҡ˫ͫ, ضźϢ͸֪ͨ
ִʣ߲ûϵ, ִ֪ͨͬʱ, ſѾ˽͡
ڳ߶, ɢϲ˼, ֻҪһǸͼ, ͿԻȡһĿġ͵ķң
㹻ˡ
ĻҪٵһȣԳߵҪעǸ齱Ļϡ
˵ðա
ſУȻһССת̡ǳ齱״̬ҪʼôֻҪһ£Сת̾ͻɴת, Ӧг齱Ŀж

ɲǼ, һֱ̾ӳ, С÷
̵·, ˺ܶ֡
, 齱Ĺ

и齱
һ齱ΪַʽһҪ֧10ÿΣ50%ĿΪգڶҪ֧100ÿΣпսڡ
齱Ĵơ
񽱺󣬿Ҫǰؿȡȡʱء
ġ齱ʱ24Сʱڣʱעʽ֮ͬ
塢߽Ʒֻһ֣5磬ʵֵ5ҡ

߿Щ˼
Ϊһصĸεۣһһ׬ǮģʹҲ޷ĳ齱ʵһֶĲãܿɾܻ˴ȴд㹻ãҲпúСĴۣõļֵ
Ӻ
߿˿Լ˾
ΪһУͨڵͶѾ׬˴ķңȻ΢һðյľٶҲǿԵġ
⣬һ뷨
ȻӵôоٰĻʹ̫ȤģҲǻ롣һҲԱԺʱ򣬻ΪĲĲʸ񡪡ֻ֮һĿܣҲҪž
뵽߲ǧҡ
ʮΣóģôԶ뼸Σôͼʱֹ
붨֮󣬳߿Ǹ̡
ϸȥǴСǶģԵǽƷΧ沢ûдʲôƷǺܶ಻ͬɫķеķеķխСƺƷĲֵͬ
˻˻ؿڡ
[Ҫʮ顣]
ǵģʦͨʼʮˡ
ҲȻ۳1000ҡ
βʮε£ʼɿת
תģṆ̀ÿһҪ100ң̵ָҲڲϵתҲʱͣ¡ÿһͣ£϶ųһ⡣
Ϊʮ飬ź󣬲ûѸ¶Ʒ̵תֹͣʮĻŶ˳ߵǰ
߿Щɫʲͬÿһ涼һЩ
Ӻ󣬻ɢȥ
¶ģǼӣмƷ
ͫȥ
ӹţдĶǷҵĿ
5ҡ20ҡ12ҡ70ҡ33ҡ18ҡ
ȷ100ÿʱ򣬲κһգǿĽƷȴмСķҡ100ǿջһɱʻǿġ
ĸ
һǼֵ200ҵۣһ׵Ʒ
ڶǼֵ500ҵ
Ǽֵ80ҵĲƷĹ
ļǼֵ200ҵĵͼ֮
ߵֻ΢һ·ֲûп𣬻΢΢С׬һ㡣
С׬һǳ٣ǿԺԲƵģĶҲûʲôôҲû취СЩֻܵصԼڵк󣬸˻ȡƷннˡͷڳߵһ
ţ˵ڶεʮ顣
һߴγĶСķңƷֵ200ڣȴһ飬һƬͨĺۣ˽ƷֵѪ൱
ߵͷ΢
úѪΪľгһصƷȤֻΪڵ缶𲻸ߣ׬Ǯôףѡ˶ԼͽõĶѡ
ƬĺѪͬһ˽׺ϣԽ۱Ħɢѹ۱·õĸ򡭡
öѪ׬ˡ
߽õƬͺܻرҲ⣬ܸɴ˵ʮ顣
һεʮûʲôǳϲĺöҲСķңƷҲô󣬲ҲûôʧֻƽٽеĴγ齱
Ȼʱ԰ɣøˡ
ڣҪ׬Ǯ
ǣβٴ˦ſѾ
ס˳齱ջ󣬼Լǰеĵ·
ĸȾߣҲβϰ

ȾһǣһСسǵĳֵ
ֵϺڱ˻˵ߣҲøȾ
ڸȾ߶ԣǸͨŻ˵ζڵķȻӰ죬Ӱ첻
ˣҲǿذѺͷųġ
⣬Դġ
һݵ£׾걻һߴ˱ڻָұߵķһĨɵĹâ˵ǱߣǱٶֻ
ߴڹһΧĺȻƥһɿسָķ˹ȥ
ѸٰסǱ໽лĸȾǵԴֻһ˲䣬ٶԴأЩȾߣô׷ˡ
ˣǡǧ֮еλǡ
׾СǸܣǸ࣬ǸǿĹԵ֣ͨһֵԼΪ£ӴһжҲԽԽ񡣹ԸȻ壬СԼ£ǿж
СõſԺԹҲûʲôܿһĴѰԴ˶һһſҲذ˹궯ռ
ʼ󣬹СȾ磬СԼʵһ㣬ǹͲͬˣĹȺĺð֣ϱһ۷壬ȾκһֻȾ߶޷˺Ƭո׬˲Ǯ
ɵĿǰһȾߺСע⵽֪ͨٻ塣
˵齱Ǻ˼ģɸȤģǸм֤½ݡ

ͷٻԼſ壬Сָʾ˹ȥ
м֤¡޽Լ
˲ڡ

СԼ޽ǳģԼѪϣһСôԼͻСȥĹҲڲ飬Ǹʱȴû취ٴνСתҵתСûм䣬ԭС𣿲ֻǰССù̬һ𣬾˵ĸΪһ·ɱΪĲ룬ȴʼջᱻǿҵĲĥҿơ
ȻԺСпܻܾãᱻԭƣɼʹСҲɲԶڣ˭Ҳܱ֤ǷԺͲͬ
С۲룬ڿм֤µĽ󣬾Ȳؽ˲롣
뿴󣬹ȻϲȲأŽ顣


212 ڶԽbug
пǵĹͬ, ҪһһҪһһ޽Լֻˣ޽ʱҪ˫ŵ, γԼݡ, е޽Ļϵѽ

1ΥԼһȫƲлԽ㣬ϵ, ֻһ׼ֵ1µû, пԷţ˫ΥԼ˫ҪȫƲ
2ûκһΥԼΪѶҪԼ˫ҪӦ, ˫ʵ׷1ңһ2, 5, 10, Ľ20, 50500߽2000򣬰˽1ڣŽ10ڷҡʥǵλ൱

Ҫܼ, ֻҪ˫ͬⲢͬʱ룬оͿԸͨ, ҪҪͺϿرΥԼ, ǸǾһм, ûκοӿ, תƲƲĿܡ
ǵͬʹһʼǻȳʱҲ᲻ϵر仯˭Ҳܱ֤ʼնͬһ˱־Եİ֮飬ҲضôȻһѺġ顱ȴ˫ʧԽҪǳģ˿ᶨľģͬʱҲĴ㡣
ǶڲԣҪԽϿԽãܡ顱Լ̰ɣò˵޲ýͰˣֻ˫ͬھһ
ֻǡ
Ȼܰѡ顱ô̵ġ
ѾҪ˫˫ȥҲ̫ˣǽĻϵ

ǿҵϲùָоʧ̬е㲻ȡ
ÿһһ뷨ӿͷ
[ΪʲôϿһ㣿Լģ͸ûɢôֻеĲƲˣ]
[Сᱳҡ⣬СˣҪԼܲССһ𣿿ֻҲһСᣬڣҵĲɻ˺С]
[ԣܱûкãҪС]
[ǲǿԸ˽飿УУŭҪСúõһΣյ²]
ţϵĹڡ
СԼҹı飬ϰҲ˳ذסеε˵룬ԼȻм֤ǩһ˫ر𣿡˵ſ壬ѵ㿴ĵһдš޽ʱҪ˫ŵγԼݡٿϵĵһ˵ΥԼô˼ԼôдôддʲôҪء
һ㶣΢΢ͷԼ壬¶˫Ѫۡ
СģϸԼдʲôдʲôдʲô
һεģ뱻С
§СԲֺ˼ˡ
С治⡣ǸĴģҪǽ⻹̸ܸ𣿴˵֪ԣͷ׳ӣѾŬԼˡ
СĶͷ૵˵һҪԼдϿ
СЦ˵ˣ㡣
˵̾дȡڶԽġ
СЦݺܲãе㺦ߣǸ飿
ƵӦɲܾܾ

Ԫֻȥͬڽ;ؽ£⴩Խоͱ֮С˽ʱ⣬ʱ׼Ųá硱͡Ԫڸ棬ҪסõĿջƵꡢ֮ĵط¸¡
غ˺ͳ齱Ļȥһ磬סĿջյûãͽӵһ롪üſ塣
Ԫʽеظһ𿴡
һȻôм֤ˣҿ˭
ԪԱ1硶ǧ֮򡷣СĹɷ򡣡
ҲˣզࣺǰɣԸôѪȵ𣿡
ԪʣҪͨ𣿡
羪ȣҪΪڷֱʱҪԼҲһύСĿģģȻԼˡ
ԼݣСֻҪһ˿ǺʶھԶֿԶụ˺˱˴޷κε߽ϣ˿Ի֧Էһ֮һ⣬һȫֶԷĲƲݶԷſ
ܲСԼҪ˵ƲȫеԷеԼﵽ˻ǺʶĲ棬еſҪȫûпǵôܻ䵭ѵĿܡˣؾһûиԼ°·
ֱƫִ
ǡ
ֱӸԵͨ
Ǿ仰Լô}ˣ˫ԸС
֮һ׵ˣǳؿǵԸġ

ȾСͬʱõ֪ͨͨ
֮ͬģһλ˵м֤½˫ſϻԼӡ£100ҡϵأãϵأСǧĿҪ֧1000ҡ
⣬·һСֱעʲôϵء˼ǵǸпйͨʱſԶݳѾжϢ˵ǵǵ˽Ӵʱҽܣǿ˾ͻ֪аµˣͬʱ֣˲֪а£֪ǵİ¾ǶԷһ־ĵıҲ˵
Ŀǰ100ҵӡ·Ǳ֧ģ൱ڰ֤Ǯ1000Ҿǿɸɲˡ
ĿԸͬеĿ˵͵Ҳ˭֪еĿ˾ϲȨôĹܾͿԼҪҪѡˡ
Сһۡ
ǵſϣԻȥ50ңȻſĻϢϣͶһӡ£Ƕɵͼơͬһʱ̣ǵϢһаֱдŽ֡
ţСٿһǧң˶֪Ҹһ𡣡
һ룬˵ӡһĨ⣬ЧѾȥ
¸ÿǣСǺ˽ģҪ𣬾ȸ˶һѰȫС
ȻܸˣСԽĳ顣
СһֱôãǿſյģԶҲŲ֡
ֱһ̣İȫв
§С㡣
Χڡ
־˳ƬƬԴ

̫ǼһĿɱصӴҳһƣڷſڡ
ߵ
űһɾ򿪡
̫Ǽ̧߽ȥ
ϰ˼ˣΪ˷սȥģʱóԡ֪˭ֱӴ˸к
̫ǼȻ˹ȥСƱһһϣָƸһ
̧ۣ˵Ҳˡ
̫ǼͬһţһЦ³Ļĳţһ͸˼
ЦĳҲд⡣
Ȼô˵cpĬأһŪһƣԼͬؾϵķ׼һһ³齱


213 姡ֳ鿨
ոȾߵĻ, ׬ǮҪôŶսָеģҪô൫ÿ˶ʵǳǿģһ׬ٵ, ʵ̫ࡣ
Ͼ׬öģÿ춼׬üǧ, ʱǧ, ԺǧҲܲʱ׬رڸ̫Ǽ, ׬þ͸ˡ̫ǼҲ࣬ȻǴ姼ӵһģʵϺܴ󲿷ֶҪĵս姼ӵ׬Щһ󲿷Ϊ姼ʽ, ԼҲȡԼ׬һϽ, ľȫ̫Ǽ˵˽ˡ
Ҳܶ˻Ҫԥһ»Ǯ齱ٴε⣬ͱȽԡ˵齱, ľǻǮ档
һ𣬳Ĭǳ, ܶʱҲҪǿʤ
齱ǰѵȤ, ˵ԭնɱޣԼҪǰȥǧһ, ֿ֪ɻǵã
̫ǼЦȻǵ, ֻ, Ǽλʤ, ƺҲ̸˭ʤ˭ܡѾµ˵ʲôˡ
Ȼ, ˵Ǽβʤ, ˴γ齱, һ˴˵Ρ
̫ǼüҾǸ֮ˣ൱Ҳѷʤ
һЦ֮ˣǸ֮ˣеĳ齱˲޸ϵȫһԵɺϡ֮󣬹Ҹõķֻһ֮ҲǷֳʤ
̫Ǽ£ԣȷЩȤζˬӦǾˣ
˵󣬻飺ȳʮأ
̫Ǽ״Ӧ
漴
ֻٻԼſ壬ǴСֵ̱һ㡣
ʮ顣
̫ǼҲٻԼſ壬ͬ㿪̣ͬʮ
˵Ļº󣬻֣ձʮţǸԵǰ
ӹȥ
ɢ߶ֱʮƷ
ϵƷǣдСҵӣֱΪ2217835215ֵ350ҵҩһֵ꣬180ҵһֵ200ҵһš10ꡢڶʸ10졣
̫ǼƷǣдСҵӣֱΪ398820933ֵ200ҵҩꡢֵ250ҵ16ꡣ
˿ԳĶһЦ
Щļֵ࣬СĲ𣬵ǲ಻
˵顣
̫ǼЦȻ
Ȼٴγȡʮ顣
ЧһľǰٴγʮƷҲվһ붼СӣƷеƷĹҩġȣȪȨޣ޶ͬʱ䣩ġ
żʮʮʮ
ÿһʮĽƷû̫Ĳ𣬶˶ԣЩ඼ǿģǵ㻵ÿγԺ󣬵õĽƷļֵҲܰѳ齱ķҶ׬ÿζôһ㡣
Ҹ˲̫ͬǼһģӵʵͬ³鵽һЩƷ͵Ķ̫ǼҲɿԸǰźúôҲǳȥ˽⡣
ϡܸɴذԼòϵֱ̫Ǽ̫Ǽȥã̫Ǽ׼ֱ÷ҸģϾܾˡ
ΪһǣǸܿŵǣֻڸԼȫĻǮʱʡʡΪദˣϵ飬̫Ǽ׼ǮҲغϰߵ˼ϸ̫Ǽһˣԭʱֱס姼ңϲսô죬Ҳû̫Ǽˣ㷨ң˵˼̫ǼҪġ
̫Ǽ룬Ҳûָ
ԺһĻỹ࣬ʱЩǣֽԼˣ˻
ϼ̫Ǽִ֣ҲǺܺõġ
̫Ǽ
¸߰˵Ժ󣬸ɴʮ顣

ų齱ĽУڳ齱ϻ˴ǮˣȻҲᱻкע⡣
СԪѸжϳԼİ»ܸȤҲʱؽѡ
¡硭ȷʵܸȤ
ڿ˿ϵͳϵ嵥硰롱һµ˵Ǵ㿴λǻǮˮ
Ԫͷһٳ飬̫Ǽһٳ顣
ԪʱǸƷͶ⣬ȫٿأ鵽ʲôʲô֣ڷһϺ̫Ǽ˳鵽ĶҲһԼҲڳ齱ˬС
ֲ߶λ˳鵽СҵĸС鵽100ҵƷĸʴ󡣺٣鵽ˣ˲ҼǵͶŵ࣬һͶ˶ţ
ΪϴεһԽŪͦģó齱ͨƷеԴٷԣ͸ɴѲͬҲ˽Ʒ
ԪԱ߻ش𣺡Ͷ1000ֳ꣬200ݡ
£ʣĽƷǶ꣬Сأ
ԪŶ壬ֱӱ20꣬С1ꡣ
翴Ϻ̫Ǽģ֡롱һ
λ˲ϳ鵽50̫꣬Ǽ鵽55ꣿͳôһٳ飬ֱӰʮ֮һ
Ԫͣǡ
ҲڸԪ죬ڸпٿλ鵽Ʒ
һأе죺鵽ˣ

죬Ϻ̫ǼҲе졣
ʮʱ˶鵽һֺصƷеİɫſ
һ㶣ſҲܱ鵽
̫ǼȻǻϲû뵽һε˵á
ϵʮһſ̫ǼſȻš
ò˵ʮԼ۱̫ˡ̫Ǽ϶֪ſĳɱ1000ңǺ빺򵽰׿ȴҪ1ң̫ǼǱһӸ㵽ţܹ鿨ģҲֻ1ҶѣƷȫޣҲ׬ˡ
ǱһſȻ̫ǼţҲûʲôĽġעҪ̫Ǽˣʮſ⣬õһСĺ⣬һֵ1ϵֵҲͬҡ
ڳļֵˣټ֮ǰǳ齱ǾʮΣȻÿʮһ۴ִɨȥֵϴĽƷҲֻ࣬һЩС
̫Ǽ֮󣬲ɶ˵Ҫʤǵϸµˡ
ҲǺЦˡ
Ȼ˻ϸϸؿʼмˡ

ʱԪѾɫظ翪Ǳߵֱ翴λʱͼڼֵ
е棺ʲô
Ȼ֪ܿʲôˡ

ˮ̫Ǽ϶ˡ
̫Ǽ˵43982ҡ
˵43985ҡ
֮󣬶һ
̫Ǽ̿ˡ
ҡͷҲʧЦֻҶѡ
̫Ǽһࣺˣֶһʱ䣬ȡһ磬ĳͣһͬǰǴɡ
˼˴ѡɡ
̫ǼüͷһҲá
ĿǰпԽԽ࣬ǴԼʱֻһǧѡȴиࡣȻСȷҪʱѡӺʡ


214 ֮ǰ
͵²һСȤζ, ˭ҲûкܷϣϿ˿洢Լſİ׿·ѡ, һתƣһͶš
΢תѡ㿪иհ, ·˵, ʾֻҪڿհһλп˵ֺ磬ͿԾ׼ذŰ׿תԷ
ûԥ, ֡
ͬһʱ̣̫ǼǱߵſʱ, ˵ǵõںĿ׿, κʱͶŸκһˡ
̫Ǽһ, תͷϣ֣ǣ
ϲ⣬ֱ˵ãǳ齱, ͸֡
̫Ǽ˼, Ҳ̹Ȼ£ȷǶôұˡ
, ض˵, պѰʺ֮ɡ
֮, ˲ٳ鿨ֳԺƬ̺, ſٴѡ
֪ͨʱ仹ʣ, Ŀ⡣
̫ǼЦſϡ
ҲЦˣ֪Σ
̫Ǽüһ, ֪Ҷ໹ָˡ
룺ĸˣ
̫ǼƺԼ϶ѾϣˬӦá
Ȼ˲ԼͬأԼſ塣
ϣһ޴ĺͼ
ռ˰壬·һкĻƵģ΢زţÿһβϷ˸һɫ⣬ƺʾġۺ񡱡
Ҳͦۺģʮ棬ĿǰпءеĿĿҲܶ࣬˵ٷңһЩȼֺܵûʲôʵҵģθȾ߻ĿС׬һʡ
ڵһΡλԡ
Ϻ̫ǼڳˣͦȤġ

ջҲȻΣ
ԪһˮҲ֪ʲôʱкõģһСһСһˮԣǩһ飬͵ߡ
ſڳԵԪЦЦ
Ԫ棬ֲһι
վɳԵڿ϶˵Ұ׼Ŀ˶ͶӰɣ
Ԫͷվɸιˮͬʱǰֵľ޴ˮѾϢطֳ˺ܶÿȴ¶һλĿǰڵĳ
һһͳ۵ؿһ׼Ϳ龰
ͦģҲ֪ε˭ҲûҪԪشֱ˵ˣҪ˲ᣬҸ෢һݽ
ɢϲģմϲģҲԵְɡ

Ȼ뿪ֻʣˣʱȴһˮ龰ע⡣
翴ǻ棬סһ
ԪٴιһˮΪ˵2Ŵ硶١еbossΣʹΣеĿˡ
գգۣôоΣе㲻Ծ

УǸһ¡ò쳣սһ꣬Ȼָڽϣ·ʱҪνʵģʵȴںӵĲϿУһһغˡĲͨ죬ͨ죬Ŭ򶨣ȻѾ˵ˡ
ôǸȵС
ҡ
ȻͶӰˣλboss׼ҪģôȻ͡ʲôرİ
ͺס

硣
ǽǣ˹ĿһƬ࣬ȴеѿڶĳԵôءɫ
Σԡأ
ΣƽǼűǼ⣬˵ñذ磬˸ķңˣ΢΢Ǽͬһˣ
Ķͷ߳˿˿ϸ㡢㲻֪ܣ
Σ̾ħ㲻ȴʱǰţɼʱʱȻ뱾׽ΪҪԲأ
󼱣ħͷݵúĳǰֻΪȰһ˵
Σɤᣬת䣬Ȼ¶һĨ̬һű֮ԱɱΨȴҪȰ˲ִͬţΪľȻ㱻򶯡ȭȭ⣬βħ
ʧɫ͵ؾҪٴκˣκȻ޿ˣֻܱ׼ħƵöãָŽ֪ΪȴȻ磬ҵòѡԭƲûɫݣѾǵͨ죬֪
ΣһĻüͷ΢ЦԽջ
ǰεĿ꣬á
ʱúܿ죬Σ׻ǼǵҪ£ۼҪȼˣЦźˡ
ץס϶ķţ˾һֻŵգۼͻεʮ⣬ȻѶߣʧ
ΣĿĨӰĵջߣ½עſϡ
ʱ䣬ʣӡ

ڲǰõſΣħĹͺΣʶشǮ˾飬Ҳʱ֪ԭԼڵ2磬ԼȻķɣ
ǷǺʵģΣΪʲôˣҰĲȻСͱҪħһͳµĹ۵㣬ҲôȴΪħϴԣôɣպúħغˡ
ħΪ˶ȡѾ˺üĻۣ˲ʿҲۺΣҲû뵽ħȻʧܡ
ԭΣһ߿ѧħħ񹦡һ߰ʿи£Ū˺ܶӣʿǻɹɱ˳ϵĺüҪѳ֮ˮ룬úܶ೼ΣóһȲȡ
ɻһǳ֣עΪɵĿǡ
ǸǸճֵʱ򲻹ǸëͷСӣûþƾԼ߳书Ϊ˺ܶʿϿͣҲ֪еӶġëͷСûͳ˷СӣΪһֶصύ˺ֿܶΪѣߵﶼ˰ײƻħıµǣħһЩħеĳɫŮӣڸСӽӴһʱҲְǺ޲
Σµļ󻤷УһŮͶС⣬й¶ħһЩϢȥСռˣҲΪħʧשߡ
Сں֪ܶǰ׳İ£һ·ħļƻʧܣΣҲΪ취ԣδɣħ˸ǺѡǵΧ֮С

Σ˶ˡ
ǸˣȻ书Ҳµһĳ̶ȣڿǰãĿ˾飬ͺȻףƾڵħǸƷõģûأħҲ̫ӳ͢ˣҰģ»û˽ڵļıʱãŻ֣ᷢʵ൱Ϸ
Ȼһǲܵ£ΣȻҲҪ֣췴Ļħɵʲô²ŸأʲôδҲ̫ˡ˵ģΣҲûǼһ￴
ΣͶ
һ֮ӣǴŵֳ˸硣
ͬʱҲΣʬҺúˡ


215 
ڸ, ֵȻҲǶϷ磬ħһʮկҲһ, ɢСࡣ
˵һѡ񣬲Ϯģһһĳˣһͺܴܻ˱ѡС
ĸѾһǴϴˮŵ̫̳еģСǫǫ, е൱ãεļǷǳ, ˶ᾴһָÿһͬ, Сʱͺϲ飬˺ܶʦ, ڶҲ֣ϼһΪԺҪȥѧ볯͢, ѧϵָߣһ
ɾҲˣȽϰҲȽº, ºоӷ緶
ԭľ, ȷʵΣ̳ħ󣬾սⲢΪ¶ݻΪԼҪԼ, ҪΣǸʲôħ֮, ܹ, ȰҪж񽭺£ԼħҲƽħ֮
սһֶΣΪ֪˵ħ˿Ƥûõģ¶һԷø˵ʲôȰڡݣħשҲҫǱݺħ֮п棬Ҹ˾ͰˣֱӰ⡣
ô˵ԭΣȻֹüΣȴǴͷ˵ģϾæúܣħܶҲҪ̿ħʼƵƵҺҲûΪһħ֮ȰѾʼѾ˵ǳ׵ĵˣôҲͲöѿˡ
ֻ׻ǹעΣģΣֶκǿʵ˫ͬΣҲкܶȡֻ֮ȽźΣȻħˣħ޷ͷ϶ΣһֱеǷͣΣΣʬᡣ

ΣûôסģϾλȻ֮ӣֱΣȥʱҲûм̳֮λΣǷµģעȻ䲻ϡڵΣûʽʼ飬ֻħûã۵һˣҰĲҰĲȴû¶
ǰΣսĵһսϰĺܸߣʱҲǳϬΣһսǺ죬ϸ˵ҪѷһԻǺܿ뿪ˡҲΪָߣԲŹȥʱ䣬ٴǰٴսΣ
ǡãΣոտ鲻ãҲǳȻʬ˵ǸˣҪսʱͶȻ˺ܴȤ
ǴΣˣֻܴܣȴϸ۲Էһ۲죬ͷ֣λȻܺߣ
ΣȤˡ
ԼڵʵһЩΣµغ֣һΧˣҰħ
Σħ˶̽ʱҲټģֻһ֪Ķã˸һ˴ŹȥָҪħСס죬ȻĸдƵģźסÿȥд衱
̫֮֮һʼҲûʲôֻ֪ΣֿźҲдűʾԼܰȫ
Ȼ
ʱƣֲǸɵӣȻͷΣд衱ĴԽ࣬Խ֣͵ӦһӾȻһӽдıɧţ
ΣˣûΣϷƫƫΣ㵽ֹȴҲûʲô⣬رƯǰȥ޹ôܹ꣬һСľͱΣŪ࣬ڱ漱ʱΣתˡмܲס
෴ΣֻǹҸӣŶž;ر˼رôķӦûˡȻȻģΣ͸ɴô㣬͸ɴһˣҪһֱô˼͸һӣ˵һȥ档ҪԺ˼ˡħȥһ磬ôܻܾ࣬ãҵӡ

ڳ죬Σա۸ʱͱԱˣ侲Σǡھħ̶ֱѨΣҲԲһħͷħͷҪ̫ˣ
κΣøˣԼˣôǣҲÿһһֶŪأٴΰֻܱ֮ززٴλطԱա
ʱΣһֻ֧򢣬롣
ʮ롢롭롭롢룬һ롣
ʱ䵽
ΣɵֵǺ
ֻһɲǣϾųһ⣡
Ͳֵۣ˸оһ㡪ܹ󣬺Ǯ
һӺ󣬽ɢȥ
ΣǰģȻһ̽Ĵ֡
2200ҡ
Σüͷ΢
ǧĿǰô˶ôֵҲ
Σܺõ˸Щ˻
һЩ׼ħҲòˣĿǰЩħŮѾøְ취򷢳ȥҲûô˻ɡϾռȻи¹ѻḶ́εЩͺ˵Ǳ񣬶ԭͲεġǾ͸ˣų켺ɱӺһ㶼ֵ⡣
ڣħⶼһãͰһ㣬о沼µЩҲΪе
ڡ硱ϼ죬ʱˣ͸ߣԼԴϼĸŸȾ߻û׽ȥƴɱһܵǮ

ջ翿ԪϡҲ֪ô£֪ͿȥˡϷ꣬ĬĬ˸
ҲˣⲻΣ̼Ժ󣬸ΪϱǸĿĶȤ˵ԺҪʲôġ
绹СԪԪ˵Σ᲻ӲϹ
ԪҲ룺˵˼룬Ԥ
Ҳǣղŵı֡
ұ㶢ŵģŰˣɻˣ˼ҵĸ飬ǱˡҿǸҪ꣬Ҳû೹ס˵ԺȤġ
Ԫûֱ̫ӵͷӦˡ
ЦЦעصĻϵЩ
ʱ䵽ˣÿ˭á
ܶףڶõĻǡǺЩ¿أ

պ½һǶڸȾ
ȻΪʵܴնɱȾߵʱ򲢲һжϵŵѡһطʱ򣬻ǻᾡѡһط
Ļ˶ͦȤչ΢˵㣬һҲʲô֡
̾Ҿãҵһֱܳġ
½εǱ˴˱˴ˡ
˶һۡ
ֱŮģ˺ǿɾû¶
ʱ䵽ʱһֱ֣
Ȼǽŵصȴš


216 ׷
, ֱַ̽˵ſϡ
յ塪
1050ҡ
½塪
666ҡ

һɨ֣ûЦ
λŰŮĺֵҲãô˵Ҳǿиƽˮ׼, ŰݡĲǳ
̲סʣԪȫģ
Ԫ˵ȫûвٿء
磺ۡ

ǱѾʵ½, 1050, ٣
½ıе㸴ӡ
ΪһĹˣӦǲ֪666ʲô˼, һĿ, ܲȺ˵, Ҳż
ô, 󲿷ֶѡ˼Ⱥ, Ծ˲̫࣬ҽû˽ģʱʱҲһġִܶǼʵĿ˵з, Ҳ˲Ȥ
666оֵġ
տ½ı, գ½磿
½Ĭһ˵666ҡ
һ, ȻȻתͷȥ½ʹˡ
һƴԼҸ׷˸˽ġ
[, ]
ϢϾʹݹˡ
[1122ҡ]
һ˰ο½Ĵ㡣
Ͼ, ½֮ٵǸ

, Աȵλ
Ҳʱ˺ǷֱĿǡ
ϡ
1888ҡ
̫Ǽ
1866ҡ
̫ǼϵԷƣЦˡ
ϸı, ԼҲһ֣ˡ
̫ǼЦɴغıлְο

޴ĺſ·м䣬Χ½½Ⱦ߾ÿÿտߣһβӹĽǶѸɨǵԴɡ
ߣһ˫ͫضǰڴʲô
Ȼ䣬β͵ضͫŵĵطһ
βӲڰգǾ޴ߵڴҲŨˡ
ûܿǸǰλһ̽Ĵӳߵͫ
Ƿ·һ֡
1007ҡ
ֳֺ󣬺ǽӲβҲ»ָͣ鶯ؼɨ˼ͷ­
ţ߲ٶǰ΢΢ڶٵǰС
п˳ߣиεۡдˣĻĿҲϢ

2
κһй˵ִĿ˿е㻬ڲͬĽ䣬һͷһͷһͷŸǰſ壬͵һͷײȥ
ǲȥײλ̫㣬򵥵ķʽᣬ˸ײʽ
Ȼ󣬸ӦĿ

688ҡ

599ҡ

722ҡ
òִĻݣžǷɡ
ͷȻǷ

ͬĻǸоƫƫС
ӵſϣԼʹڷǳط˺ִ֣̽ҲĬŮᡣ
598ҡ

ԪعκһֱڸȾܶȼܵͣʹһŬÿܸεҵķңҲɻò
ǮĻȻҲ
˶һۡ
ԪعҲǸ
825ҡ
κҪúܶࡣ
1962ҡ
ԪعһκЦ
κæ˵Ҳɵһðɡ
ԪعһЦضңԼţҲ㻨á
κû˵ʲô󣬸Ԫعתһǧ
Щÿ׬ķҳָ֮⣬ȫתҵ¡һΣ˵µĻ˾Űٶ࡭ֻǰ⣬ԼǣͷЩãպʱҲΪЩ֮Ҳøһϲ

Ů¼ɽ̵ת˼Ȧ
ԶʯϣԼǰС塣
ѣ֣ʣʮϢ㵽ʱˡ

ǵģҲ׼
ȻǸĵԭǲزμлģһβǳ齱ȴԲμӡ
ԭܼ򵥡
ϸԪԷɢϲģȻɢϲȻմϲԽԽãҲ
ڳ齱ʾǱҪǮһҹġ׬ҵĻ׬ǮܷŹܣԸɴøҲʸ
ܵõˣӦöпεˣûǮҲɿ֧ԮһСҲ⣬ǮҲ׬ġ

ѣæһʯ齵ıϣٻſ塣
״ҲͲٶ໰
ĸ˵ÿһοԲĻֵϧģΪ׬ķҶҪܵչ壬Ϊп˻ҪܵٹͲУôǰһ㣬ǰһɡ
Զ
ʱ䵽һ˲׷׳֡

892ҡ
֡
1233ҡ
ȻǮֻ̫࣬˿ͷʾ󣬻ȥҩġ
ڵһʱ̫ǼȥϢ
[-÷892]
[-̫ǼȻմϲã˻]
[-л]
[-̫ǼлȽˡ]
[-ǣ]
ʵҲ
̫ǼǸһģķ⼸ŸҲ׷˺֪ڸһȾƣû̴ţֻſڵȴֱصʱһһ
̫ǼСǮҲЩֵĸ͵ǸԼĺˡ
ֻѾиˣ⼸Ҳٶ෨Ҷѡ

׺˸ͽҲ
֮ǰ׺΢Цպú٣ҪնɱһȾߣȿˣ
硢򡢰𶼴˸
ǣʦ
Ȼ󣬼˶ڿһ̣һĬһٶȵǰС壬˺
׺Ҳһˡ
硪
888ҡ
򡪡
876ҡ
𡪡
993ҡ
׺ˡ
558ҡ
Ժ󣬸Ա֮һƬĬ
׺һ㻹ȥնɱȾߣ
һ飬Ծ£ǣʦ
˭Ҳ˵ʲôĻ
ʦ׺˾Ȼ١
ǣŶʦķԸȻʦ
ҲҶˣͬѸǰ
㲻ܳͷλҲϽɻȥɣ
ȼȫȥλˣ׺˲ؾ˾Լĺӡ
⡭Ϸˣô
Ҳ̫ʧˡ

ͼ磬һͷĿĽʬ̧첲Ӳش˴塣
1356ҡ
һһλҲ˺
988ҡ

һۣѸֿ̧
̽ҫֳ2895ҡ
һԼ˻ĿŲĹϣЩĶ
ͷķ˺ܶ࣬һŰ׿´̫࣬ҲΪˣͿԸ̫ӽ룡ǣƿȴһ̫ӳΪˣֲԸôһʣ»ʯ֮¡


217 ׷2
̫, һһֱìܡ
ϣ̫ԶĵطԶþԶ, ͬʱҲ̫еı, ֪̫Ļ¡
̫ӻһһ̫ӱȻὫͶעڹϡʱ, ʹ̫ӻȵ꣬ȴһϵȴˡ
ϵ
ǰһƵΨһİ, ʹһвֻ, ÿ꿴ϵ̫, ÿ̫Ӹ¡̫ʱ, Ϊ, Ȼ̫һ˫ã֮
̫ܵõеſôͿԴس¹, ҲΪԼ, òڶһѡְܻյһ, ҲǱĳ¹ûȥʱп԰, ԼͿһ, ȳ¹
һ̫, ǲÿ̫ӿήڴϵ, Ҳ֧̫ӵһģҲΪ̫, ɰ, ɰ, ɰҡ
, ֻԼ˻ķԽԽࡣ

һһɰҡĻһˡ
ǾֻһΡʹҪĶû㾫ٳ
ٳԴۻǮҷβĶԺ󣬾ͰַʵʵظӣӰغ񣬸⣬ת˳Բٳﻹɹ˺ӡ
ſ˵УƺҪĹܾٳӰΪɾ£ٶĹܾûˡٳǸܰȵӣҲû̫̰·㹻ˣк˺ЩܡһЩҲûвμӡ
һεĻҪٳǰУҲҪȥðգֻҪԼ뷿ٻſ壬ֱӳ齱ˡ
ٳﱾʣ20ңΪûʲôôܿеƷҲ򲻵ʲôܺõĶѡ˳齱
10һεġ50%ĿΪյС̳齱
ٳ˵һΣ鵽352ңٳڶΣ鵽һǧϲΡ
ںܶп˵ٶķʵ㲻϶࣬ǧϲҲ׶ѣɶһŴͨҵͨСϱԣǧϲξҲҲطϺòƷٶķңһЩѾۡ
300ҡ򵽰ۣٳʣµ52Ҳμӳ齱ؿԳȡΣΪգΣһεõ50ңһεõ12ңһõһۡ
ٳ΢΢ţѡ˳齱
ܶγ齱½½ؾȻյ1000ңһЩС顣鶯䣬ִ400ңѡڴϳ齱
һΣζֻСķңΨһΣ鵽һŰ׿
ٳûѾǰ磬Ϊʲôڳ齱ʱͻȻ鵽һܹǰеİ׿أԸȥоӪԻŰ׿͸ķȷһѡǰУ᲻ƽ
ʱ䵽ʱٳһһ㡣
2200ҡ
ϼķҴﵽ2800֮࣬ĿѾ㹻׵Ʒѡʺˡ
ɴˣٳԥ
סҪҪſ͸
ڵĺƶ񤣬ҲֻҪѣɼȻѾ˰׿ȴ͸ʹ֪£ģǺεġ
ҧס촽ٳﵽ׻˾

Ŀˣиæµûκһ˴һε
Ǹ᰺ҽ788ңؽ1255ҡ
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ԷǸŮʣƽʱҲôƷԵʣʱֻ520ңֿͦõģľͲ̫ࡣҲڿеġ̫ӡȴԭвСˣŶ˵ľǰȾ磬첻һ룬Ǹһ㸺µһŮǸˣڴֻʣһ˵ʱѸǣ˽ΪϿĲҲԼ۲õľ飬ʼ˶ԸȾ߷ҲѴǰͬɵĹﾡԳȥҲ˵Ŀ˽ȾڵһѾʼ׬ǮˣûͲӦˣԷһˣʰоֶ˿һ£һԺԷڴŭתΪ͵Ůؿʼ׬ǮҲѪӵӡ
ֻǣǸĴ̫ˡ
ħʦֳΪѺ̸ְ˺ܶ࣬ʱϵ棬Լһصʵҡһ֪ͨλɬħʦʱŪ1122ҡ
ͻХһԿԧԧŬʱһ§һͬʱȥϵĺͼ999Х956󣬿һۣȴЦˡ˵ĿֻѾȥǵѾǺܰˡ
ĩŮαǵСǣĶˣǼٸңŮαɺԵһ1520ĩĩ֮ǰǸִ磬Ŀһʱ
СĹϹһ㣬һ856һ876Ŀ󣬲˵ĿҪġϹе㲻ʹ죬ʵÿոκüǧõķ̸׬Ǯǣմϲģû٣ϲմҲడСϹסˡС˵˽ˣǵڶԣ˵һ⣬Ѿ˭ϲˡǣϹĽĺƽ
ʦëСƣʦϧǣҲֻ696Ҷѡʦ𡪡ְĳʥСеʧǮٵ⣬Ϊ˸ѾܾûЦˡһɱǲôԸӸ̸ģСŵӵѹôȴѵҪõȥ̸һˡϱôۡ»ķ˵ܴһء
һӺ񳾣1254ңƿ֮1955ңǿޡѰ󡢰ͨȼλεĿˣķҶһǧңӡĽͱȽϵù˲ͬһ磬ĺ࣬555ҡ
5ļˣ謺λùķ1325Ժ͹ˬʦͽһ666һ999һӡ鹫933ңʥ1423ҡԪҳĬɿԪţУԪ1625ңԪ1777ҡ
һЩˣöû1000ҡ


218 
ȻˮָĸĻܶ, ܹҲͻ˼ʱ䣬ּ̽ƺҪεۻԪͲˣɶ˵, ѾɹΪǿߵһɨͰݿ˸, Ҳ˸
գգۺ, епû뵽, Ȼ쾡
쾵ǰ̽д3222һ֡ݹһεȫпԼǣ쾵ǡ3ֿͷλ⣬Ҳǧࡣ
֪ȫˣǴȫӰ, Ҳû뵽ǸnpﵹùߵĹ1εͷ
һ, 桤ĵùƣ̣̣ս, ںܶһҷ, Լһëһĸ̡̣̳
쾵ľ, 缸Ҫʶ̡ˣٿʱ, оǰ˶ޱȵ̽ɢ貽ⶼ޷ͷ̡ʱҲöĽˣϾ̡̫
΢΢һЦҶԪ˧Ǻ͵, Ȼմϲ, Ǿʼ˵, һݽɡͷԪԪ͸Ԫ˧ʲôȽϺã
Ԫ룺һſ
Ҳ룺Сһԭ̫ˣѾܸ褻ʲôϵľԺ˵һˡһſ͵ǰ͸µġ
Ԫͷ˼
ǣüۼ䶼۵Ц⣺Ǿ
Ԫš

Ԫͬ쾶һݽͬʱĿǰдſпǻרСĸǾͶ֣ͻȻų˲õĽɫ̻ɫ֮ѤҪ۸Ϲˡ
ͬʱֻϵǵвš
꣬ϲпӮô˴մϲΪףпһλһݽвա
λһ˶һ
û뵽λܶõһݽȻǷݽûͨˣ룬ǽ϶̫ĶȻҲֵͨǣ
رһЩûܵʲôҵĿˣĽ
κΡ˼Ҿð
˵˲ˣ
ĽĽĽˣҲˡ
ͶһͷԺǻǶ롣
Ϊ˭֪λ֮ʲôʱѪָʲôĺô

Ժ°˼һ£Ԫ˵Ԫ⼸ŵǱߣҪʲô˼ĵطҡ
ԪΪϵͳΪ£Ӳܾá
һˣ̧ͷԪ°һڡ
ԪϵⱾܵſƺҪס
ǣץסһѾϵġ
ε˵Ǵء
Ԫ۾
̾ǲǶ绹ûôء
鴦⽥
Ԫ˵á

Դ֪󣬾һֱûš
ԼܵĹȡְڵȴ˵Ĺ˼ιɹƽ˵Ḷ́Ȼ˳ΪԪ˧
Ȼ취˼ĸǷֱԼƹܲԼڼа칫ҳǰȥȾնɱЩȡӦķңʹ÷ҴﹺǿԼıһǿԼʵ
⣬쾻ҪݾһЩ⽫·ʱֲĵڸλְصˣ취ҵ⣬ɹذߣһϸеˡ
֮쾻ÿһεĻм¹ʱעעᣬΪ浽д֡һЩ̳Իشش𣬼ʹѵģҲΪ˽һԵܵؽн⡣
ڳ齱ͺʼʱʱ˸ʮ飬̫ã鵽ĽƷֲģʱֹ𣬲ûгСеϵǣʱȻΪ
ӵ֪ͨ˳ԼһŰ׿
ʶģ뵽褡
ʲôĹ쾶ܺȻʵԭǣ쾹ϵ׽˾٣˵ĸǾֻһֶӣǽ褵ӿʹΪԷĸ׵Եʲ棬ĵ׻Ǻġټ򵽵ľһһһ֣һ뵽Ǹ˾뵽褣İҲ֡
뵽ȴûѰ׿褣ΪͲ۰ֶˣǾġͷȡͨһ¡褼Թ̡ܽɲžóȻ磬ôԺͻῴԶġnĿֻ뵽ǸԣǸսѪԪ˧Ҳ鲻Խش˸
ҲΪ뵽ˣ쾸оҲʱˡ
ǵģ֮ǰһֱæŰⰲǵģԭҪ褲뷨Ҳûиı䣬ǰŵļ϶ԸԼεȥܶѵģǿͺţͲһƶѵװռť׼װ褵ļȥ
պƶѵѾ׼ϣ¹ϣͨĸסڵͨѶš

ܰӣڸ˾ƴɱ󣬵õսƷ٣Ҳɹڵ۶Ұʩ൱ǿĵطһĺլһҾסΪӰʵӶרҵļͱķΪӷ
ȥͱķɱ쾵ıӻҲûʲôڣסɰݣֻ̫˼⣬
˿̣ڿڿϵ쾣԰׵Դš
ǰڣ쾣ҲηϵѪϢرԪ˧͸ľˡ
ûʲôϻҲ׼ڵ̫ãֱ˵һﰲװһѵһᰲſŵÿѵÿѵտϢ
΢΢һЩֹ
˵ѵξΣյ£褵ܲ
ȻѾ˵֪褰ȫԲξбԼһ⣬ûСı࣬һЩ褱ѵһ쵱Ӻһ̵Ϊһһֱˡ
ɪһ£ϾǸŮˣ׻Ǵ쾵ĿһЩɵ˵Ԫ˧˼ǣڡЩ񻰣۶ҲԶǰȫģ𣿡
ףһֱ񣬼ʹ۶ķǿҲܱ֤Զ©οʹ۶Զȫ褳Ժܱ֤Զ뿪۶ĸ̫ȥһߵԶһ۶©ֻ·һԣİȫӦԼϣǼνȫ
ȴǿŲԸأͷ˵лԪ˧ǣһоͰԪ˧ˡ
ǲʶôˣԪ˧Ѿ˵زôΪԼ۶ӣڵԽԽҪԼǻӣҲʣ¼ˡǵ۶ҽˮƽѾû֧ţԼҲ޷Լ˼
ҲɷĶӣĸѧԼԼˡ
Ԫ˧Ľ̵Ƕӵ˲Ŷԡ
ںԼ˯褣Сܱ۵СıССشź࣬˯úúܿɰѾܼԺĿ޹ֵʣʮ˰
ţд˸
ʱ֪ܿ죬ܿ಻ϵġҲѲġجΡ١

Ԫʾ£翴쾴ѵȥڵһԻҲǱߵδ㡣
ЦЦʽѵʱһ˼˵Ǻ
ԪҲһĨЦ⣺һ㡣
գգۣЦøˡ


219 ѵ
ļ, ˳Լ뿴Ϸ롣
ʱԪһѩɽۣ֮¶ȷǳ, ȴůҫڸһƬϣųѤĹʡ
ɫǳ
ٳԶ, ѩɽ, һͷ, 
¶ȲӰ׵磬ȻûӰ쵽Ԫ, ԪҲ֪Ǵĸطѧģڵ˸ĵӣԼȥ, ְ籧ʵʵع̺ӡ˵Ա߷ŸСӣͷкü, װŴӲͬȡġζõĹ, ڱϱ, ɢ˿˿ĺ, ڵĿڸҲá
ԪĻ, Ҳ֪ԼôͣءԪȳˡмûʲôתƵģ˲ѹɵ¡µǣȫûʲôԡԪĳ̶ȣӦر֣ھȻ;úܡ
ͺ, ô롣
, Ҳͦõġ
˵, Ԫ§һһ֮۵ѩһ߽ԪͶιԪѹԼˮһĿǰֱ
ֻܿľ޴ˮһĻΪҵ龰

أأأ
һС걻һһˤˤȥģÿһζˤںʵĵϣûãԵڶǿǻ
ҲҪˣ۰ôأҵĹͷҪˣ
ĺۣ϶ˣҲѵܲˣ
㣬Ұְֵķϣộĺ۰̫ˡ
أҺ㣡
һʵʵˤƤһһģѾûһˣҲ޵ҧгݣӿʼһ±Ҫѵٵ淢ûֻ취ܣĿԽԽˡ
ôʹ࣬ôһһˤû˿ͬ˼ÿһسֵһģ֮һץһ˦û˿ĵֿڵġҺ㡱Ψһ뷨ǣ޾ͺްɡ
ûиһ
ˤСʱۼشﵽ˼ޣǰ͵ͣ˶
ѾѹվҲվˣһ̲ƵڵϣֻԼûһطۣ۵ΣҪһ
߹ȥ
꽩ӲޱȣԼٴα˦ȥ
Ȼı˦˳ȥ
˲ûٴˤ꣬˦ոƽҽƲգͷźҺȻͨ͡һҺ˲䱻ûͷţûüΪ˵Ĵ³ʹѾȫ״̬
Ϊ⣬һ󣬼ҺʾڲĻѾȫָ˽аҽƲմ򿪣ͳѾչ֫꣬¿ʼˤ
꣺
꣺Ҳء
Ȼ˵ĸӲʲô޷谭ֶѵӲ뷨ѾΪٶӵԸ񣬿Ժܶ鶼Ѱ졣ڲͬѾյ˳Чͱ磬ֶѾʼ󺰴еغˡ
ĿǰõĽ

Ԫ¿һĻ켫ˡ
ȻԼôùҲôԼʹ˵ϣһ뵽褣ٿڲϱ褣֪ôģ;ͦ˼
Բ˲ԪؿڣʣԪ˵褺ܸԪ˧ѵһ쵱Ӳ𣿡
Ԫ˵ԡ
Ҳÿԡ
Ǹֲ᲻褵ȻǿʵԼ͵ӶࡣýֺͷҲ֪ӹôôܵסĶǸ°Լʵϣһúܡ
û⣬Ҳãֻķݶʱ䳤ˣôҲܶڽεεġԺ϶иֶ褷ӵġ
ͻȻʲôʣ˵褻᲻޳ɰˣָ㵽·ȥֻˣ󷴶õԪ˧ܷͣչһԣ
Ԫûвͷ˼˵̫ܡԼķϸرԼ뷨쾿ȫͬڳСʹиҩ֮ǸıϣԼﻹǹȥʶصҲɻ˺ܳʱ䶼ûȫת̬Ҳк褵ķмį̲ס졣
磺ۡмįǸʲôԪȻ˵ô档
ԪûԼ˵ʲô֮ʣֻǼڲܻȥת̬ϾľʾעԼ̬ǲܻһġɺĿҲҲ͵Ԫ˧ǰӶߵˣⲻ˵ǿ̹ģҲܱǵһʱįܳνĽҪǿöࡣо仰ޱȰáʹԺɹӲҲɻ̵ӰɺתҲףӰתͱȽѡ
룬Ҳ
Ʋ褣ûſҲûԪ˧ĲǸܻҵԪ˧ҩġ²ҩԶƣܸף֮ǱȻͻᱻԪ˧ȥٶݺݵؽвԺܸ㵽еſԪ˧̫ˣҲԶܷ
˵¿ͲˣʱûµȤ㣬壬Ҳһ˸ֺƵģ˿ر
Ԫιˮٻϵͳ壬ָһָ
Ͷע񡭡Ȼûֻü
磬˽ˡ
Ϊûʲôֵġ
һԽˣ᰺ؽ
ȽˡԿ֣̽ڽͦˣȻûڶԡ
ԼҲûʲôֵģĺ֮ܶǴӸȫλؽ˲ȷ˫ԲԱѶԷҲٷְû취ѶԷ
˵᰸øˡ
ǸСҲûʲôȫУϽһأǺ޲ð˩ڿϡһȻݵشӦ˲ͬǩԼǷݰ治ö˵ġ
ͽҲûʲôȤ󿴣Ͼλ0ˣĻҲ£ǿɲȥġ
գ绹ûԪܿһԵˮ
˯ʱԪĶͷҲɴôһ˯Լ˯ţܿҲҸġ
ƫƫʱ֪һƾ˽⣬֪ǶȤ¡
˼ӺԪǾ磬ûԼʶǣС˵һȥ̫ˣ㿴ʲô
ԪʱݼˣǰҲûеģȻȻģһе㷢ʱҲԺһŷӦ
ɲǣһȤˣ
һȥ̫ˣ
ǵãһλ̫ƽļģôʲôĵļȫͷų


220 һ̫
ȻžĹ, ڶĹǶϢæµţȥŹˡһİӰٴӳдʱЩǸһ㲻̧ͷ, ׷˺󣬸ǴҲҳ
˶ʶ̷εˣͳ찵һ, ǸҲףλһƹġȨǸˡͳ̫Ĺ, ȨȴӲ̫ϣԾ̫ͬӵˣһȨ죬Ҳ˵һ
Ȼ, Ҫԭǣڳ˰һڿѰ̫ķ, ˶Ѿˡʹ̫ӵ׾˾ˣҲˡ
, һΰһҩʮЧ̫һʱ壬Ѿȴǰࡣ
, żڷһˡ
Ǳ׼̫޵Ĺ, ֪顣
һ̫ӹдݵϢûһ˿һܹݵ, ̫ӹ޹, ѾõͬͰһ㡣

һ֪ǵ뷨, , Ѹٵ̫ӵ޵
ſ˸, ʱ򣬾ѾСӸᣬܻһЩϸ磬ҲѸٳһԵ
Ȼƿţ˽ȥ
̧ۼ䣬һѾ鰸ꡣ
òüãüĿҲΪһѰûе֮⡣ںڵĳᴹļͷ̬Ȼһ飬طģ鰸ֱߣһ뻹ð֭ϸȥ֭ɫ꣬Ʈɢ޵֮ڡ
һԾؾͣ½ŲվԭؿһĻ
ͬʱ궯ľҲȻǱһֻεָƽƵģŵѪҲڴ˿ݷΪһƬס
һ΢΢Щˡ
Դÿո̫ӵ仹ܸҩⶾȴɿԿ̫ۿɼĻָЩ죬Ȼ̫ӿȥЩЩĥʹȴ˺ܶ࣬ƤëͷƵҲЩѪӯƤɫҲͬǰĽ˲١
һ㣬㹻ðһˣҲԶԼõеûΪܾǾɽҲҪһ̫ӽⶾȬϣҲǹȱõֲ
еɲǣ̫ӵ˾Ͷ˸ı䡭һȻûǵģЩԤУʹͣĴѰұҩ»ǾȲ̫ӣܽҪ̫һ𡭡ǻѾ̫õĽ֡
һжֻԤˡ
һѾٹ˼죬̫ӵ㹻֧ŷýⶾҩȷ̫֮ӵ廹ֻҪṩô̫ӾһԳ׵ظա
ڵİһΨһгɵģֻʱʱԹȴһֱòſѡ
ڰһͣ½Ų˼ǧͬʱ鰸̫ӣƺҲʲô£̧΢΢һЦ
һˡ
һе뷨ߵ鰸ǰԼϵϢ̼̫ӣٴͣ£˵̫ӣһˡ

ƽȴ΢΢ļУѸٽһ´
ڷְһȻѪЩѪȴ԰һʱҲǼɲ˿
һʱ䣬𽥺ˣɰһȴæˡҲǰһæˣԼԵʱˣ԰һڱŵʱȴһ̲סּȰɡ
ܿһƽ£Ǳٺò
һڳڵǰЩɳȷİȫ˵̫ӣȥԡ
΢ȣ˵ͷȥɡ
һȭתһѾѸȥˡ
뿪󣬳ڵ߻ʧĲǰ̾˿
ûãһŵˮϵҲһɵģһĻгŵĹˣǴźܶ෹ʳǰ
һһԣ˰źüķˣڵǰȴֻһ˱ǵƷ
Ҩһףͽ
ƷڼʱԵζǰҪóԵö࣬Ҳ׿˻ÿֻôһѣ΢΢θܶࡣ
ʱʹһ䣬֪ǰһһġ
һѺõĶҲһԼĲƷȴûʲô仯
߳ڴ꣬Ǳ߰һٶȱ˲֪ٱ˳ȴպǳڷӵʱ
оֶʰԺ󣬰һ鰸һԣһľϡ
ʣǳʲô𣿡˿ԼϸݵҵӺ˺ܶ࣬Ǵ˵㲻ˣɺҲǲڡ
⻰һﷺǧĲ
ԼյõУո̫۵죬ȷ˵ˣԺ󶼲ˡǺǸȾ߻ȴ׬ķң򵽸õĶܲȥڵ缶̫ͣŻһЩôһԺҪķȴǺҵôõĻˡ
Ľ̫ͣҲſû취˵
һûڣȴ˳һʧ
ʱһһʹ
Ҳ˽ⰵһģ䴽ЦЦֻһ˵ö롣˸⣬鲻̫ãʲôգԶ˵
һһ㶡
ķգķգʵ͸ղŲ˵һ¡
ڼһڷЩȻ
һΪĸѾˣҳϣһĲǵʱһôһҲͻˡ
ԡ
ӦٶˣҲ١ʲô
һ̫ӵ䣬Ȼ飬ȴҲܷ֣һ̵̫ƺ뵽ʲôйص£ȴ˵ˡ
ڰһԣûʲô̫Ӷ˼ܵ£޲̫ӵһжŲ뿪Ȼڣ̫ӻûнⶾȴѾԸ£˵ǼĴ
ƫƫһԼҲף£̫Żͬ
󣬰һ˱ۣջǾһн̫Լ
һ˵̫ӣȷʵܷա
һͷ΢ϲһԸ˵ˣ
ᣬŹУʲô
һһ黹ҪҴۻ˵𡣡˼ʵǷһ֮ŵõġ
ڲ⣬ʲôСڻŵõѵ˵һ޵ҲǱ˸͸
Ȼһ˵Ļȴóŵģ·һ㡣
һ˵Ǵαûҵ㹻õıҩȴڶһ˵ʱ򣬵õһΪСڵ룬ΪĿˡ˵еǸʲôڣʲô˵˲뿪ȴ뿪Ϊʲô˵ˡΪʲôڷա
ھͱļһֻɫ˵Ѿܵ˸̫һſķңԽ̫ҲΪеĿˡֻ̫Ӷ꣬ɵţ̫ҲΪˣǷ񡭡ͲҪҡ
һһٵ˵һ뵽ˣұݣ֪Ǻá


221 һ̫ӣ2
ڴû뵽ӰһĻ, ͷһ૵һ㡭
Ծضϰһߣȴ˫кһ, ԭһֱе, ƺһȫҪ, й
ںȻ˰һ˼
һҲ
һȴ޹ġ
ʹ, Ҳֻʾ, ˵ࡣڵ鼫, ȷ̫ܲİʾ, Ҳȷ̫ˣʲôӦ᲻֪ôװû, ǷŭԼεȴзǷ֮룿һ̰ʾʹ̫ķŭ˼, Ϊ˳¹Ժ̫ӻҲʹ˾ͰϳȥֻҪ̫ӲͻƭԼȴԺ󡪡
Ȼ, ڿ, С, һ󣬾ƽ
˵ҡױ¹, ҲʼԼ, ϰι֮, ȴԾ©, о綾ʱ, ֻҹΪ̫ӣȻüȻܼȡûԺ߻ȫ龫ѰҩأҲΪ׽ɻȱ֮ˡ
ųڵĻһǷڵҲº͵ɤḧƽ
һ侲ڵĻ
̫ʵܸˡ
̧ۣ֪ΪҸ࣬ξҿ¼ʹܻʮҲ˼Ԫұʱϣ㲻Ҫǰ࣬ҵߡʱǣ֮ʣȴ汼һ档ҲǣһγȥѰҩȻҷˣͲٻ˵⣬˶٣һ뵽ˣҲݣ֪Ǻá
һͫ͵ضųڵ۾Ȼ˫۾ҲһĨԼһ޶⡣˵ⲻͬԼżںˮʱǿѹֵķȴҲʮ˲ϡ
̡һҲûĽ̫ӾȻźһ˼ûһ΢ѰˣȻܹõ̫ӵ
̫ҪȡİĽ֮ˣҪ۵ĸɽѩȴҲ޷¡գ߸ϣȻֻżһˡ¼»ԣѾ˼֮֮
һ΢΢鴤ǿ𾪣εץס˳ڵ֣ڣ̫ӣ˼ǡ
ڵͷ˿Լ֣ܿһڵȶɼʹˣһץɺᣬǰһԺʵʹ밵һ˿̽ĴǽȻͬᡣ
΢΢ЦˣڿһĸٻǰһΪ£ְһָֻ˸ԼĿڣȻֹ˿õػţҲһֱĽ֮˻⡪Ȼ˿̴ԼҪ˵һΡ
ǣھ˵ˣҵ˼ǣҲĽ䲻֪Ӻζ𣬵Ҳϣǰһ㡣
۶ֵöôᣬһԳڵʱԱģԳһ飬˼ôʵȴҶԳ¶˿£ǰС
ڶ԰һվ飬Գ˵и̫֮ˣŻǰϸϸȴΨ΢ҷΪȨƵλֻΪ˱Ҳ֪ʲôʱͻȻģ쳤վãԿˡֻǳΪԼ˶ãŴûж԰һҲͬһֻΪ֮Ч
һסȻ󳤱һ죬ڱ˻
ʺϵġóʵġ
ûоܾڰһĻر۾
̫ӱ˸İһܵϤͶԷƿЦ
һԸóȻ㵽޴롣
ԭԭ̫ӵ⡭һġ

ԪĻſֱˡ
رڰһ˵Ǿ䡰ݡĻʱֱ氵һš
˵û뵽ұΪһھ̫ӹеˣٸ̫һſʲôģ޵˸ףͦµ
Ԫιһˮ͵š
ˮĻ仯̫죬ڰһ׹ûȶãǸ̫ӳھȻҲ˸ף
е㲻˼ضԪ˵⻹˫ֲԾֹⲻǸһ𡭡
Ԫһˮָֹ΢٣㰵ң
ع񣬻Լ˵ĻһҺӦǡ
Ԫ̫ס
ͽ˵ʱҸףҲһ׹֮ҾͷҲϲˣܲһ˲ͻȻϲİɣҲ˼ģ϶ǰϲ㣬ԼûֶѡûֵİҲǰҲ˫
Ԫ룬ͷòãϵҲˡ
˵⵱ڣˮİһѾ̫ӱһãǳá
绹̲ס²һ䣺̸ôãһǸʲô飡
ǵģһǸƿЦӣȻ֪̫ˣôһͻȻ˱飬е۾
˳¡
ڱ˺һԺ󣬰һܿסԼıˣҲ𽥲ôڣڱһҲеۣӵȻɿˡ
һֱӸһſΪеĿˣںܿ˴Ϣſ֪˰һж಻ס
Ȼ˽ˡ
翴һĻʱ΢飬²ۡǡ׻û˵ڡ
Ϊٴ뵽ԼԪҲ𣿺ûʲôʸ²һԡϸ룬ô˼ûԪҪһء
ٿݡ
ΪڱȻѴڷչ¹ϣǵԼûвƲһҲȷעںͰһ޶ɫ˱˴⣬֮Բе߳֡
ڵȳڼλֻ̫˭
ⲻʲô⡣
ı

ʱ򣬰һͳ֮ĸҲǳ䶨ûиĶˣ֡ġһĹ£ûر˼ǡ÷
ɫ𽥱Щ谵߲̫ˣԪû翪ڣƣֱӻصСԭ˽Сҡ
ڽɲǣϵ·ﵽⶼʵģһεϯʵ⼶ǵ㳾մģɱһϵĸоҲǸӸɾˡ
ǲϸ룬ϸҪ
Ԫ˴ѱһչһס
绹Ԫش˸Ƿ
Ԫʱٴٻˮ硰ŵӰ
֡˼̨ԺڿһܻȤĻ档
Ǹòٸڴͷ̧üۼŵ¶һ˿ϵζ
ӵӡ̣1ŴС硶ӡŮٳ׺һģŽͰԼǹݣȫûùУиȾ߻Ҳμӣֱǰõĺɢϲͳ齱ߣšõ˲ٶ˵Ķ׬˵㷨ҡ
齱һֻһʱѣĿǰѾˡ齱Ŀ˺ܶ࣬׬ҲͶʮˣĶʧڳ齱׬жʮ


222 ٳ
ʮ, ˵ӦøԪһ˷ʮġ͸ϵͳԼõġڸһˣ˻, ʮҾֱӳĹͬ˻, ǵʲ˲١Щ̻˲˵, ׬˸
⡣
Ҫǲ׬Ǯ, Ǹ齱˸෨ת, ԥؾʹʮ, Ԫ˵Щȥ޸©, Ӱ޸, ޸޸١
Ԫ
һ룬˻˲䱻ʮ, ԪһĨ΢΢, ѸٵתһȦûڡ
¡ûʲôܡ
ԪͣҵڲռǺȶ, Ҳȹ̣޸ϸС©ʱ, ܲǺġ
ЦЦҲ⡣
Ͼ, ǰԪ޸ʱ, Ҳûɶܡ
˴˸ˮٸѾóһ, ϸϸϸһɫĽ
ΪǽԵʣıһģһ, ̬Ҳ鶯, , ͺʱܴ岼Ƶġ
˳, 幤
Ԫѵھſ廨չľǲǻٵһȣ
Һã翼ǲʱԪעƵԼٵġ̨ʱˮǷŷ΢΢ƿˡ
߽һŽµӣЩݣҲЩݣӦǴ󲡳ģϸȥֿԷ֣ĲӦѾɢȥܾˣɫǺġòʮֿ˹Ŀݣ湫ӵȡ
ٳɷӰ
ŵӣӰԾ¶һЦݣ΢΢˵ٳһˡ
ٳĸ֪ǺģѾ˽ŲæվǰȥӭӣҲ¶Ц˵ˡ
Ӱס֡
ȻһߣٳָӰһ裬ϸѯʱʲôûʲôѴӰҲûòͷһߺȲһº͵ظ˵˽յ֣һ޼以ػ𻰡

翿ԪһĻܰͦܰģϾ˼̸˵ͬԼϵʱ򲻾ãűôɣûʲôҪ˻Ѹ١̨£ǻе顣
ͣǿģʵʾее顣
£ԪҲûˡ
ϾҲڿӣǲܿġ

һ֮䷢µҲô࣬Ӻ󣬷ˣһյҲˡ
ٳҲԼľǰԼ۹еķԼ齱Щö綼ҪóҲҵڡ̾ʵ֮ǰ۸ӡҩβҵĽھͺ׾ӣûϸʣҲͷϸͨСвͬģֻӣŴӲѰס
ôһ룬ٳ־ã֮仹Ӧø̹ϡ
ǲҲΪеĿˣȰеĴڸ߷Ȼ÷Լ
ת䣬ٳ΢΢ſڣʱƹ֪ٱĻԴȫ˵˳˳
ţˡ
Ϊһ˵Ӱٳᵽʱ򣬾Ѿе£ҺһֱǸˣʱԹŬĲ֣ٳ˵òʱҲǰͨٳ˵ʲô˼
ٳĻ£ûмʱ򣬷ֳһƬס
Ӱٳ˵ݣҲһֱ𾪡ⲻ֣ٳᵽ飬˵ǳˣûſϢ˲⣬Ȼöʱס
ٳʮ
Ҳ֪
գӰʰ飬ٳһЦٳҺһɡ
ٳ￴Ժǿܹƽˡ
ӰʧЦָ̧ٳϣ˵ٳˡҵӣȻеſҲǶ·еϦȻƽɱϾѰ˼ңһۣз֮աУиתأʹԵֿļѣֻҪЩ֣ҲԱܿˡοСԴƶ񤣬ȴԴдʺϼ˷õĵرס޲ܹ֡ܲƽӡǲУؿٳ¡ĸùеģ㸹еĺպǷǰ棬ҲںܾԺ󣬵Ϊ˸ĸӦΪ㣬ҶſԺ󣬶ע֪ͨμӼǿ溢һſȥķɡ
˵⣬Ӱ᣺οӾòȢԺյıǿԪҪ㡣صıҩʹȬ볣˻һ꣬ȴǰ֮¶ǣΨһձɼ뺢ԣ֪ԵұҲⲻҪһ룬ԽҲѰһŹɾʱǧķޡ
ٳӰһϯ𵴣ۿҲ΢΢졣
Щʣܶ໰ں˵ȴٻԼſ壬ԼõŰ׿ɵ͸Ӱ
Ӱ֪ôڽҲܿ˴Ϣ
ʱŻȻԶӸĸ棬Ҳȴû˵ģֻסٳ֣˵ٳҽɡ
Ӱ˽ٳģ˿ҲΪʲôǲ֪еʱûаȫУ͸ȫС
ԼϾдһһһ˫ˡԪ˶˭Ҳܽҷֿ
ٳۿˣӨˮ˳Űջ
Ӱٳᡣ
ٳΪЦԼҲ˲ס˵á

Լؿڣп˵ͦõģСںܶ
ϸӰˣҲȷʵǴغ񣬻ţԺĿͦС
棬˿ࡣ
˵ģֽˡ
Ѹٸͨ˽룬ȻСҲûʲôرĵطڣҾӰſ;ڶƷһ飬˵˻Ҳٳѳ齱鵽Ķȫͳϴϣϸѡ׼ֵܽ͹ȥ
൱Ǣ
̨ûʲôʵˣԪպʾиƵͦˣȻһˮ
ԪԸǸ̨
Ϳһŷǳɧˣһӵ
˵еôʲʵҲǣɧ˼ʥ׻񣬴ؽϵӡðһԵĳӡ
ǸкüֲһЩͷ޵ľ⣬ԼһЩէе߰ʵϸмֵĶ
Щǰ׻齱ʱ鵽ġ
Ȼˣ⽱Լֳģġ
ǰȾԺҲԼնɱһЩȾߣ׬Ǯ£齱ʼһʱʮʮسû꣬ӦʱѾ׬ķһһ룬ؽ£ʱֹ
ǵģ׻Ǳ׿Ǯķ


223 »趨
ڼ, ׻Լ鵽Ķоһ顣
ų齱˶ʱڴ, Ժ, ԼտҲǮ, ͻں޽ӣ޲ôԽȥ֡
˿̵İ׻Ա߰Щһһ, һƺһڼʲôȻһ壬װģز˲, ͸ղƵġϸȥ, ᣿
һԣòϸ꿿ؽĻЦ˵ǰտˣЩ¿Ҫǰô
׻бۿ˿꣬ƲƲ죺ˣ͸ڴ˴ɡ
ϸЦ, ҲȰ˵ǰʱ, ǰһԶ
׻ӦһಡһؽĻӡ

ļ綼죬ؽôܵĳ᰻˭ᰵĻ, ʲô
齱Ҳмˣ׻ÿ춼Լ鵽ĽƷһ飿Ҳ̫˰ɡ˵һﲻҽʵ޲ö㼸, ô˽Ʒļֵ͹, ûпôˣ
뵽, ̿һҲ̫Ц˰ɡ
Ԫ§§šһ͡
ʱʥķӦҲȤ

ĿǰѾȥʥ鲢࣬˰׻⣬λǸйϵģͱëСƵʦС½Ĵжʦ裬񽻡ͷҶԪ齱£ʥ˵ҲǱȽ˼ĻСرͽܵĳߣҲûסһʮѾǷǳпˡ
СǿƣҲû׬
ȻʮԺ󣬵õĶֵܼ𣬿ЩǶëСûôģֻ
ĻʵҲǿ˵ġ
ҶԪͷҲˣʦ󲿷ʱʵҲլȻѾǰˣͽ/ǰҲǳ̬֮ڳ齱ٵʱҲЩҲ׻ôѣھ齱ǰ˴˾ССһ£Լ˸½ϡһڸȾ׬ķһ㣬еİ˳ɻǴֻʣµг齱
Ϊ½泤ʱڸȾλʥҲܻֻɣʵҲܳܶˡ
λʦʥʵлλ֮ļзпٵһصĿռ䣬ֻ֮ƳһԳ齱ȤǱȤ⣬ҲŻҲǡСһ֣̲ס̽
Ȼ
ȳԺ󣬷ҲҶԪҲգҲǿǮġ
Ĳ׻࣬۱ˣҶԪõ㣬˴߰˰ٷңҶԪ͸ңһǧ塣
⻹ֻǸֵ⣬⣬鵽ĶУõûõǶ

°ͣԪ˵齱󣬿ǻ᲻ң
Ͼ˶ڿ׬˼٣ֵܶϲģãʵҲǿʵЩƷ߾ͳһɱۣеļʹֵܼ׬˵ģʵҲ߱ءһЩƷֻѡټϿǳ鵽Ķûã˵Ǽ۴ܶ඼ûۡӼ˵ġ
Ԫ˵Ӧòȥ
˵Ҳǡ
˵Լ֪Լıж٣ɶڿ˵ǾͲ֪ˡǿ֮߸ܣҪ֮ԺܱԷ֪Ҫù𣿿²ֻ΢еӵĿ˶ôɡҲų齱¶Է̫࣬ʱ˵ġǱжһʱͷ̲סǺпܵġ
Ȼ׿
ν׬ǮˣֻҪ֪֪ҲǷйˡҪĸӲõˡΪ˱ֱƸҲֻܡͽ䡱һˡ
˵ʣԪ𣿡
Ԫ˵ûС
ͷͺá
һûһ˼䣬Ԫ̨翴˿ۿĿǰÿ̨ûк˸Ȥ鷢˻࿴˿ԶԷΪȤֹһ
ԪµĲ֪ͳ齱ġҲͣˡ
ڼ䣬ҲˣҲûʲôɶ˵ģ齱һûκֽŵ£Ȼûκһˣ鵽Ǽֵߵġ׵Ĵ󽱡
Ȼûö˵Ǻ¡

绹װģźҪܳ鵽׵Ĵ󽱣Ÿϧˣ׬ɱͶŽȥˣƫƫҾͳ鲻
Ԫ룬ͷĿ˴ﵽʮԺ󣬿ٴξٰһγ齱
޶ë
Ҳ룬ҡͷ˵ˣڶѾüˣ˵ûиʮԽҲ̫˵㡣Ȼ룬Ҫ⼸ٶȱȽǵʱҲԼ齱ͲģʽˣǿԿһµƷäеģƷϼܣäеļ۸100ҡ1000ҡ1ңֱΪƷƷƷʲôĳƺͷһЩֵ߻߼ֵ͵Ʒȥ˵ŽȥĶɱۣҲ׬׬ٵĲ𡭡ˣƷǻŵʲôǹ⻷֮ģ鵽һ㡣
һᵽƷ£еϲļơ
Ԫ§ϸϸ潲
Ҳ˵ä֣Ҳ̫ȡбҲаɣϻҲԡ㵽ʱҰǸϻӵƵúÿһ㣬ȽϸߵСҲԸ10ҵӡȻǵѾ˲ˣܶƷҲ࣬ٹһʱ䣬ʵٴͻƺҲſǧ磬ٻǧĿˡǸʱҪ˻һܶ࣬ڿδعã֮ǰþδѵȱ¸Ļ10ҵҲǿԻϴνʱһһԵĿ򣿱һ򼸸ӣ˿ȵȡҪȻ100һҲͬŽȥһҪ˶һѣ1000ľˡ
أԽ˵Խ࣬ѾʼƳĻͬʱҪһЩô׬ģڿǲǰѸߵƷһȥü򵽸õĶҲǶ򡣲ȻҪЩ̫ֻһߵƷʱѹ򲻵ڳ齱ĻͲˣ̼˵ǲġȻҪ򵽸ߵƷĿ̫̼࣬ҿǮĻƳĻͰѸߵƷ٣ָһʼµĿ
ԪʼҰ˵ȫ֮벻ˣ˵ʲôϸڣҲʵʱѡ

ʱúܿ죬ϵҲɺתȡ
ô֪䣬ѧھͿȥˣȻֿ쵽ٵʱˡ
¿϶ȥѧУϿεʱ򣬷ѾҪĩе㱡
Ȼɷʡϴѧģ񡭡е̫͵ˡ


224 Ǵ
˵ҲܹԼڵġְ, ҪΪˣֲǴûϹѧģȻⱲҪͬѧӴֲһϱѧĵȱ, ˭뵽ֱӾͳ֮ʶôĿأɱһѧ¶ʶˡο, ׸ˣˣͬļѹϵãѣõǸѻֱӳ˰, ָĻ˻罺Ķ¡ʵ˵ڻ뵽ô£Ѿܲˡ
Ԫһ, Լ𣿡
ЦЦƽʱ, ĩԼɡ
лϿ, ֱӰѼգγѲ, ѹϵͳԪ˵͸⣬ѧҪɲ, ÿѧڵһΣܳʱʱ, ȥȥĺá
Ԫͷá
Ժ, ĩ, ñAᡣ
˵ˣʵʵʵӿҲٵֻţСΪⲿŹǾųȥɻ, ĿǰҲͦ, ٴֺڵȥʳóԷ, ѧУҲû֣ٲ˻ΪһЩò١Ǹ竣ҲǸжԵģΪѧأʵҲǸ⡰ͯ͹˴Ͽεˡ˶Էû취ֱӰԼѧ֪ʶ⣬浹Ǹ֮ͬ
ҲΪĩԵʣļҲڡ
սţԪ͵õ˫ֻ۾עӡ
̲סЦôˣ
СڣǾʣⲿŸĴλϴμӲ
һʲô
ˣϴԪϴ󻹲֪أܾûapp˰ɡ
һ»ļ䣬ȷʵûⷽϢͰֻͳ㿪app
һô¶ˡ
ԭڼ䣬ⲿžٰһߴʱ򲻹Ǹسֵ߻ħ֣ߵʿ֮ģģǲˣֻҪûΥɣͿμҲΪѡҪǲǷ£ԾǴʼʱѾٹԺˣǱʱȴĩԺͻῪʼʱ䳬һ¡
ǸĽƷѾԤгˣǰһнǰһ١ǰʮǰʮǰһʤߵõĽƷҲǲͬģֻǰ͵һĽƷûappǸҳ˵εĽƷƬpoˣ൱񣬶һЩҪԴ˵νʮġ
һ۾ϳˣĽƷ϶С
ʶģ뿴λⲿŵп˳齱ٴΣֶ鵽ʲôû
ôˣǷ¼ʱ
תͷһɨݣֻ˵ûȤ
Ʒ˵ûЩ߽սҲܸѹμӴֻ˷ʱķݶ˵ˣڵʵȥߴ򣬻ͬŰˣ˾ȱԴ˵Ҳ̫ƽˡ
ڣ治ڡ
ţԪҲ˵μӡ
˸ش̯ţСµӮˣǮ
Сܺţ񣺡
翴һĻ΢飺ǻˣ
Ӻܷʰ
Сܰ̾ǮүôãӮ˺ӵǮġ
ţҲ̾ǰ
˶ûʲô˵˼ÿͳʮԪƱ׷׷ܵϡ
ܺٺһЦǮ㶵֣صض˵ϴ󣬶Ԫϴ󣬲׬˴ǮͷǺϡ
ЦЦɨˡ
ӣŸ͡
appԿˣѵˣ֪ԼûʸμģͶ硢Ԫλǲǲ˲²⡣
СܾͦȤζģȥԺõεļʺܴ󣬶ǻμӵġһμӣϵõԪҲμӡ
ţǰָСһԪμӣΪʵ࣬Զ˳ģ϶Լһˡã˵ԪֱϢԼѺöŪ֡
ֻܣ뷨ⲻͬ
ãλϴûǸйϴȤζеģ̨ܸ¿֣Ԫϴϴôһ벻϶Ҳȥ
ԣԪźˢˢؿ͵ء
ҡҡͷŹ⼸ͷԵļһ
Ҳʲô¡
ңǰãơԪ˳Ļﻹͦ˵ġ

Ѽֹˣص翿Ԫʼ鿴Ⱞĳ齱嵥
λⰮͬ־൱ڼԼľһʼûʹ100һεĳ齱ʽ10һصʮһ㣬ʮʮһǿսһУǵķռͷֻ߰˴ǵõʵｱƷдǲƷֻΪƷʵֵ㣬ò࣬ʵϻеõ˴󲿷ֵ
Ҫжһ˽⣬100ÿεĻҲʮⰮɺһ㣬鵽70%϶Сңʣµǲ鵽ĴҲµƷҲһѼֵ1500ҵƷ鵽Ʒмֵߵġ
Ⱞûټ
뷨ŸƣüȻƳͻҪһ£ơʹֻкСĿܣҲҪܷա
һʱҲûµⰮ뷨Ժ󣬸пԷƽƽҲˡ
ȻⰮģ˵Ҳ뿴
˼ҸľͲˣȻĿǰ˵˽ǽ˵㣬ͽ飬ɡ
Ԫû˵ֱӸһλ˵ġ
ȣǸ羭ӪвΪͬſŮ
ȻڵġӲ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˾;úʲôģͬʱвͬʱڵľ˳ȻʧҾͺáȴһЩӴ̫࣬ҲûйڹעˣҲ˳㿴һ
嵥̡ܶ
ȣƶŮʹŽڸȾ˺ö죬õķҲǲ⣬ڼּңڳ齱ʼʱֻԼʱֵ663гȡ66010һεĳ56Σ100һεĳ1ΣͲټˡ
õĽƷ
һ룬ֻһǿõġ
Ʒֵ100ҡ
磺
ƽƽ

ĩڵԪȥμ˿ԡ
ԵĹУٴη֣Ծϵÿʹϸ룬Ҳػ︡֡ʵԴӿʼ֮͸ͨ˲һˣǿҲڼԱ˵ͨҪѧϰĶˣһЩ漰طĹеȣҲܹ򡪡ҲƵģֻǿÿ˵ʲͬԲͬĳ̶ȲͬɹףҪǿͨʱԼԽѧԽģԸߣϵƿ٣ģ㲻ϣҲῨڶԷϣֱԪҲͻƲˣǾǵļˡ
ȻᣬҲ۸ͨˡ
֮ͨ£ѡ񿼳һ㵫ͨĳɼһεĩ


225 Ⱦ߻
ĩԺ, Ǽڡ
ԪصǶʼǵȻԣѧͼʵû
Ϊ֪˻, ʱ£Ҳûʲô˼鷢, Ҳˢһˢǵappߴı̡
˺ܶ, ҲΪǼʶ, ҲΪ˽Ʒ֮˶ܻҲͨһεĴƼ, ĿǰУߵĿܶࡣ
ڱʱŸһݣѾһˡ
лЩɡҲɺʵվǰеǿߣһЩԸ⡰ͷ¶桱ġμˣһ㶼պѵġССҪġȱԴˡеСҪӾľɵĵӡ֮ʵе͵ȵ, ʵеȵ, ƴѡ֡
appĲ, ͰһЩȷμӴҴǰѾһѡΪ콾, Ϊնħ¼, һЩŶѾ˳, ͱʲôˡп͡ħСʦȵ, еģ, еĻежеΡ
Ȼ, ƳľгģͬҲῪӣϸЩ콾ǵĺڵƣӹɣ۷ʲôһһؿ۶һһӻȡ
ܾûעϵ£էһ˵Ȥ
Ԫ§˵ʱȥ
ЦţתͷԪףˡ
Ԫס
ܣˢӡ

ʱúܿ죬ڱʱ仹ûг׽ʱ򣬸ȾĻȽˡ
ǵģʱ˵ŬԭΪҪòɵĸȻǰɡ
ʮڵĸȾߣĿڶķңô¾ɿ˼ȫɱ˸ɸɾǸ
ϢԪȾĸлʱе⡣
ɵüȿֺõԵʣΪϵͳ磬ȻҲõ˸Ⱦ500ҡ
۾˲һ
Ǻܿ죬ȸԾʧˡ
ΪĿǰѾʵֻ׶ΣʱҪһңٴͻƣĽ׵׵ʱǸ׶Ҫѵķǣһǧ
ڲѣ֮ưɣǿԸһµģԺ󡭡ʵǸȫ̸һҹġ

Ⱦ硣
пǻڲͬĳУܲǿ⣬ŸȾߴرնɱڵλãҲǲϽӽġÿǰ磬ǶǱֱ룬ĵطȻҪôϴ뿪ĵطҪôµġܶȾ߾ۼڡȾԽɱԽ٣ǹȥҲ𽥴ӷɢܶ಻ͬطʣĻдƬȾߵĵطˡ
ǣǴһʼļ浽ԶԶ˵ģӰٵֻһ̧ͷƼ˷ӵΣеĻʶһ£еĻ಻ţ
ʱƣǲǱȾ߰ΧҪƴɱΧֻϢ𽥿ȾߵټҪֶȾߵһЩʱ䣬ѹҪȥѰҸȾߵӰˡ
ҶףѾβ
һЩʵǿĿûʲôȤȾ׽Բأ֮ǰ뿪磬ŴʵķһصԼԭ硣ڸȾεߵĿˣֻʣʵͨС⡱ġ
Ҳʱ˺ܴı仯
ĵӺһвиȾ߾ۼ󣬾ǲ˺ֳܶһѼԴϣһ߰ѵ۶ΧļниĽ
˿ڲ࣬ӺСԼռݵĹǸԶĵطʵûл˵ģȫʣ˿ڷϢ󣬾ø䡢죬°ѹҽ
ֻĿǰ綼ԪˣҪ൱һʱԺָܻȾ֮߳ǰĻ״̬ɡ
ǾͶǸȾˡ

һ죬еп˶õһ֪ͨ
λע⣺ȾĸȾճѽʱڸȾĿ24СʱڷСһӳ٣ÿ˽ջſԶڸС
֪ͨﶼһĶ֮Сܶ໹ڸȾĿһѸٴǸ֮£Ͻصһصеģ뵽ʲôҪٻȥͻᷢѾû취ȥˡ
ûǻزȥġ
𿴸ȾĿ˿ԱͶŵǸնɱȾߣǸֻûп˵ģҲûббǣȥĿҪһʷΪԽķãҲû취ȥ
ȷѾ׶ǹرԺ֮еͬʱҲЩȻ
֮ǰǸ˵תΪճʵϣֻҪǿϸΣʵڸġҲЩĿǰ׬Ǯһռ˵
ʹԷŮŮʣһЩɧȺܶ׬Ǯ󣬿Ǻ׬ͨһεĻѵ˽һ˵ġѪŮκһӶҪǿǿ
Էˣ˵ˡ

ˢˢڶ˵嵥
˵ʼ嵥п˻һģھͲͬˣÿ˶һרŵİ鵵ǱкĽĿ¼һܽᡢо١
йȾ߸Ĳ֣ÿ˶ٺüҳǺüʮҳϰҳϸ¼
ĳʱ135죬Ҳĸµʱ䣬ڼ䣬׺ͽܣܹ׬ٶķҡ
ʦͽˣ
ǿݣһʺơ
ˣ˵ֵĿˡ
̫Ǽ姼ӵܵһˣϾͿԸ㵽ҡⵥһˣ׬˲аʮ
λһӣȫ׵ǿߣһ˼׬ǧĿͲǿˣֱǿֲ
ԪعƵĿˣڵ缶ܵͣκ趼ƴɱڸȾＸǲ߲ݵظΣŪ270ҡһвԪع˶࣬׬ĿҲԶԶԪعɾˣҽҲ׬60ķҡ
׬ʮСĹΪʵóȺ׬ʮ򣻰һ׬ʮԽԽǿԪҲ׬ʮһвʮ򣻻Х׬16򣻷׬˰򡭡Ȼ¿еǿҲ׬òٵģ籾׵ʵЩǲμճʱҪȸٸ50죬Ҳ߰ʮ
⻹кܶˣÿ׬ķҶٵġʵĿˣֻҪϸΣ׬һ򶼲⡪ͱ绹ǸһЩͨͨ֡һԱ˵ôر󣬿ɶڡԣ㹻򵽺ܺõԴǿĿǰʵʵиԴѭ
һҳҳؿȥſţ΢΢զ࣬Ȼе㲻˼

ԣ˵ǡΪѾԪһˣȻɣʵԼΪ˶¶ûȥλ²һ˶ȵģԪȻҲй


226 ϻϼ
ԪĻشѸ٣¸Ҫ
̲סЦԪ˵е
ܺڱ, ǰڵʱҲǸεҲ裬ڸȾŬƴɱʱһ, ҲʮңεķңʵҲﵽ˶ٰʮĿнͻƵ׺׬ġ
ټϸȾ͵ġ齱ʱ׬ġܵġǲ鲻֪, һһ
е˵ķҶǧٶˣ
һǧԪ޸òһĿ̫־Ӫ, ʲôҪתʱ, Խʱһáһȫʢʱ, ľǾţһëȻһǧﻹԪƽֵ, ֻСͷ
ȸ綨ԪϽʿ, Լ֮ǰڵĶһ˵Ĺͬ˻Ǯ͵Ŀ
Ԫشôˡ͸ϴ˸Ⱦ500ʱһ, Ҳûϲã, ҪչС޲С©, ܷء
һ֪, ɺ
ҲòԵزһ, Ͼ΢һתٴθо˷Զõı, ˲˷ܲҪеĲǧǧ, ֵҵ˷һ¡
Ԫ§§磺տһ, 
翿, ĬĬ㡣֪ǲôż, ӻأһ뵽ڶ˷Ҫôס˫Ҫ޶ëĴ֣ľλĺѿס
ǡ
˵ԪǰѲͬıϻϼܰɡ
ǵģȲʮԽˣ齱ʲôĲż޶Ϊɡ
Ԫϸʣ100ҡ1000ҡ1ֹ񣿡
磺ԡ10ǸͲˣԺʱǸЩѡġ
Ԫá
æ˵ȵȣϼܵıϻпϻ80%ϻ涼ֻǵڱϻ۸һɢһ߲ֵƷʣµĲ10%ĶңԱȱϻļ۸ϸһ㣬ҲŪʮġ10%ͷһЩƷϴγ齱ʱóƷû˳οԷŽϻ
Уϴ˵ϻһҪÿԪãͶеģεĴɫһһٵıϻɫɣһǧĺɫһɫ
ԪȻȫǰֳһƬ⣬棬źüϻӵģ
еϻ·ܼ࣬ҲһֹӴУͬɫϻӵ·ͬеףƵĹ֮䣬ɫϻǰٺϻɫϻĵɫľ·ˡԵΪһЩ
Ԫ磬ѯʡ
糯Ĵָÿ
Ԫû˵һĨЦ
ףǺܸ˵ģ
˶ӣô㺬˼
ȻȥһЩƷһһ߶ԪÿһɫϻŽȥһϵƷÿٸɫϻŽһƷɫϻӵʱÿʮŽȥһϵƷ׵Ľ׵ĿԶһЩҪһнźá˵ǿɱ̫ˣܲɣȻ׬ǮҲùƽһ㡣
ԪӦţá
ر˼׵ĹĶУָԪ˵ЩŽȥɣмǧĿ˶ѧвѧĿ˳鵽ˣõЩ˵ǿԸ˵׬һ㷨ңĬɣʱҲÿǾԼռ˱ˣŸлԡţеĳ鵽Ȼ֮ǰڸȾ׬ǮĿ˻׵뷨ˣҲ˵ǮԽԽãԽԽ
Ԫһߵͷһ߾˵֪ЩǲҪشġ
˵δҶ׬˺ܶ࣬ҲЩĹĵĿ˲򼸸ϻһرǾֻһ취ˡ
Ԫݣ
ȻһЦԣҵݶСп˵𣿵ʱ鵽˾ֱӵȺpo򡭡׵ĶҸ綼кܴôǸ׵ģԵģͷһ£һ֣ȡ룬¶ɣԸ񣬾齱ҲȥȺNɪҿȥһԡҸҲȺŪ齱ҳҰͼƬһţҲǿǳģûʲôǮſûôѹʲôϻӣúɫϻӰɣ100İϻԵ̫ˣϻļ۸ҲǺܹнֱȰϻô࣬Ӧøһ㡣
ԪͷվɴӦȻ˵г鵽ģ
ô²ģѾ˶鲻ܺõĽƷʲôôôչʾˣе㵣ĵʱʧ
һ㶣ȻӣҾôһ˵Ҫкܶܳ鵽ƷʽƷҾ򣬵ȱϻʱpoٽһ
Ԫ飬ûʲôƵĵطͲˡ
ǴӦ˵á
翴Ԫһã̧ͷ
ˣͰѱϻϼ˰ɡ
ԪͷһƬ§ס磬һ˴

ڸȾ߻󣬲ڹ۲ÿǰĿ˶׬˶ǮλҲض飬ϲġ
ǿ˵ǻ൱ʱڴǰѵĺܶƷ㹻ʽȥ
ѹãкܶѸٵؿʼɹ
ֵһģλ׬ʮҵĳߣǺԥڻص֮󣬾ˢ˶ʮң˶ʮκѪ
ûʮΡ
ĺѪԼ۱жߣǰ˽׵ĺѪһνֻһҶѣпԺ󣬶ԿŻݵġִҲżῴȺģһЩʵҲеġ
ȻԼ۱ôߵĶԳ൱ãżҲܵģѪ֪ʲôʱ˾¼ˡ죬˭֪᲻оôҵǰڻ㹻ˣٸˣͲأ
ҪĿˣ˺Ѫ⣬Դǹ˵㣬ӦƷģΨԳߣѪûƷһֱһԴнһܱ֤һ·ӲǰУƫҲǶ˵Ҳ˳һ·
Գ߲ϧͳԼ֮һĻԴϡ
ҲЩԴڶûãΪͬƷǳڲŲףѪİ˽ԴպƷУֻ֧ºѪ࡭
뵽⣬һҧʮκѪ
ʮҲ̫գٶɡ
˺Ѫߵϡ
⣬Ҳһֹصİ˽Դͬżãǰû򣬲ΪѪʺɬֻ÷
ڡ
ֻ˶ʮң˶ʮ⡣
ʣʮңѵؿ˿ЩͬƷ׵ĹסҲȥ˼
ٵȵȣͻƣлԺѡʵķš


227 ״
Դ, ߲û̽ⲻΪиˣ˷Լľ, ҵһԸԴĿ϶ȰǵԴ㵽֡
ⷽ棬ˣҪ̫ı˳شԽǰ𣬵õһ޸ڵҩ
, һèŮΪ˸ڰ͸ʧȥڵĹŮҵҩڵ, һֻͬھ˫˫ˤ, ҩҲһȥȻèź˵źһµ£һֱû˷, ôվ쳤࣬Ϊɻҡ
Ȼ, èŮѹͲ֪Ϊҵһҩɽˮ֪Ϊ˶Լڵһʿİ±ͨķˣؿŸԼɽ˺ȴԼĸĺȢ, αװɽӵŮΪ˸ĺңһºڷߵҹ, ԼõŪ˺ˡһ, ô޺ġ
׼ʱ¸, èɱ, ˤµʱѸ쳤βһҲҪȥҩ˹
Ȼͷ룬˳ɽߵµףźͳڵһڰѪĲкȥֵĲʲôǲǣǿʳӦûڵĲк಻ãұҲܵͣ˭֪л᲻ѹۣ㣬ֱӳˡ
󣬳ſµ΢һ
µ׿һ
Ϊٴλ󣬷ɽµʼûģΨһĹżЩССĽɫ
ǲǸͲ
ϸ룬ططȫҲʼղЩմʲôϸ
䶴ٶȺܿ죬Űʱ󣬳ںһɽ
Ȼصһҡ
߾׬ҵ;⣬ˡ
ֱԴͷҶȫľΪֹ
ڳ߸׼еʱƷˢ¡
ϻ
룬ϻϻϻһ
ֱ𿪳50ҡƷһƷҩһꡪϼƼֵ4550ҡ
ǧ෨ҡ
߳Ĭءաͫ
ϼƷѾٹһˡ

ɹĿ˺ܶ࣬Ѵ󲿷ַҶͬԴĲ࣬ĶпԼܵķҹһʺԼġƷߵĹһŻ߼ʺԼսͨǹսս򵽹Ժ󣬲ǹƥԴ
ͬʱЩп˻ϸһŵŵſҲҪϼŸáǿ÷ҪеκλռһλôԼ˵ǺҪġεĸȾܴԼȥ֮ԵһȥΪûпŵ𣿿һиͲͬˣ´ʱ򣬰ѸǿһװһЩ˵Ժ԰ѸΪſͱҪǿϺܶࡣ
ԣſ͸Ǻܴġ
ֵ۶ʵп׵ĻĻЩӵдĿǣʮʮŵ
Ǹʮŵģ׸ڶ֮ϵһӺ񳾣
ǰԣΪŶƽʵﵽףڻʱܹ׬ȡǧҷңӵӴʽ

ǸĪø쵼ߡ
ΪӲյͷˣǲµġ3磬Ҫ뿪ҪǺɫſҪ10һš
ֱóʮš
ʮſѸٸڶǿߵĹ׷ԼڵһûǳΪˡ˶˽ĵģڱԴͳǿһʵһЩǿ߶Ϊˣôǿδػ˼֮ǰһڵֿڰϡĿǣǻֳ൱һ˼УչԼ˲ԭ磬Դ뷨
ԣڷʮſʾȵĺڰױѹƻתָʱŻᰴһһ롣
ЩǿϳɾȻ׺񳾵ͷڻӹ󣬴һ
ǰһӺ񳾵ľ
񳾸ǿ߽飬ʼԴ
ʣһǧңȫͶ뵽һʵϣڸĹĵرǿȡ
幺ʲôôиĵӣҲҪһ³̡бȻÿһλǿ߶Ȼһ߼׵ıͬصǿߵĶ̰崦Ҫþ㣬ٲǿߵĺȡÿһλμӽɱʬжĽʵӦıҩ߹ҪǴķþߣ⻹ҪдʵĿռƷվôԺ־ô䣬ʽ𶼱ȻҪڵϵġ

ϻƷϼܺ󡭡
ɨһۣ˼̧۶ԾۼߵġһͬμӻЩǿ߰ƷҴҼȻ󵭵ʵλҪ
ǿЦЦ׷˵Ҳơ
ףλͿ๦ͣÿ˿֧ڱϻϣ

ʮſ̫Ǽ⣬˴ĸ
ЩſΪԴģʱԪκˣĻȨһٶţڸȾΪ姼׵姼ӵܡ
ֲ˶ʮңֻ̫Ǽʽļٲ֣дңһԴԴȰги姼ӵܶװݡǾ紩ԺҲ̫ǼȥĿߣ̫ǼĸȻõ
ͬʱдԴͻԪ磬姼ҵõЩԴÿӵ϶ܷ䵽ԴرںϵʱƵƵЩӵսķʱΪ姼סҵ¸̣ĹҲõĽ
ȻںеԪͷͽ𾪵ǣ姼Ҷʱֵǿߣ
ϹŶÿҶУǰΪȼ޷ͻƵףںʱǶ׷ױչأ׼ͻơͻҲкܴյġ
ںܶڶԸ翼顢޳ʱҲᴫͬϹŶͻʧܶϢͬʱΪͻƼѣͻƺķѵʱҲܳеϹŶչؼ¶޷ɣĶˮĥڼڣɹһƶ
姼ҴǰȻҲϹŶģֻǴΪǼԵʣʧܵ࣬ϹŶѰͻƻᡣ֪姼дԵͻʱҲżԼԲڣἱ
̫ǼҪһҪԴϹŶͻƵ׵ĵرϹŶǷ׷õ㹻ԴȻȻģͽеľɹؽͻơ
ȾĻĶ̶̼姼ҽӶѾλǿߣ
ҸУϹŶƣڲϵ


228 Ԫ
姼ϹŶǵļͻ, ɵӰ첻Ǹ𾪶ѣӰҲǾ޴ġ
ԪͷͽںϣдƬα仯Դ졢ƶµԴ֡ĵر޳ΣաΪ˶ҲǾ޴ġ
ԭԪԭͽ, ץסᳯһڵķλ̽, ռԴͬʱҲռһĵ, Լš
һʼͽйս, ǸΣҪֵŸЩ, ٺǸϹŶǲòȥͻ, ɱһ͵Ĳ, ɸҵǿ߻ཻսҲΪǿû취ڼ˵ֿ޳ͬʱȥ, ΢ͣЩ
ԭĴ֪, ؼʱǻͣһЩ, һȶɵӰ첻ôϹŶǻ½أɱҲǸʱ, սӦñ֮ǰķΧ㡢, ҲӲҡ
ôʱͻƵϹŶӿֵǿǿǶ޳ĴͬȡԴǺʱ
˭ҲȷصϹŶж, ˭Լһּ˳ͻƵǿߣ˭֪ǿߵĿǾƵҪء˭Ҳȷ󵽵׻ʲô˵ĸϹŶȴɹˣĸϹŶʧܴأͻܲ˳ⶼǰܹԤ֪ġ
ɲô, ڶҲû뵽, ԭһһ姼, ϹŶͻƵĳɹʶôߣۿһͻһ׼ԽԽ˳ôۣۣܲܶʱ൱ġ

׼һ콾ǸպôһḽһԴ˿̲ͣжĿ⸴ӵңң姼ڵķ
Ǳߣصϼڶγɸ
³һ૵ֶλ
Ȼ˵⼸춼ˣھǰ˸姼ҵô£ͻƾ͸ԷˮƵģȫ
ЩĬǵҲܲá
˵姼磬硣
˱ۣҲ硣
һ˵ǣҰ׼Ҳ硣
ûٶ˵ʲôԺȴȻӰ
һ姼콾̫Ǽһˣؾ̫ǼĬĺˡǺס姼ң̫Ǽ޼䣬˶ദ޳ֻ֪ա֡ȴˣȴҲܿλֹӸ̫ǼཻĪ棬ʹҪ£ȴ޹
Ҳ֪ΪʲôȻû姼ұ仯Դ˭ȴԾ뵽̫Ǽϣһܿϧ뵽뵽ûиķӦˡ
˼ά׻ֻ磬ûѳȥȻ벻ڣҲͲã姼ҵı仯ֻԴλ콾Ϊ姼ҾȡԴֻ̫Ǽ
ΪҲ֮ӡ

ںϵʱ˵֮֮Ҳǵ˭֮ӣܵǸ˾ͻᱻΪһеǡĿǣһֱµ֮boss
ȻΪж̫ǼΪѣǱ˴ϧΪΪ壬߶֮⣬˴֮ûвɵ͵ͻǺ˵˻壬Ӧìܣƫƫڴ֮ǰѾ춨˽ύĻǵʧˣû취ìܡ
ںԺͬһû˻࿴˳ۣܸˣѸõĴ㡭ȻһǺһǹйӣǳͻĽײ㣬ӦΪ֪ԷʱͶԶԷƫ࿴˳ۡƫƫУʶʱ򲻴ƫؽ̸䣬ȷ˶Է鲢Լģ֮ٻ̽Σˣ˫ӴʱҲԿݣûв˳ۣöԷԼ˳۽ײһˡ
һ̫Ǽȥ姼ţһֱĺΪҵûôǾʹӦˡѼͣҲƫ̫Ǽԣһô룬ţǼ⣬Ҳ姼ҵ֮ٹϸ죬סúټԸսսĹҲܵáСסͱɳס姼ҵ£лҲ½͸ɴӦͿ;姼ҡ
֮Ӷ姼ң姼ܲ
Ⲣ̫Ǽʤˣɾ̫ǼʤҲֻ֮姼ңһߵʵֻ֮Ӳѡ
ʲô֮ûʤ˫صӣԶȻһʤ֮ڸǿλ֮ӲͻʵںҲǸ˳ģ仯ҲǼȿƽȡ
ڼ콾пʱһ뵽ˣ֤ʵ콾ʤҲѣûץסҲˣʲôҲ֪

姼ңǳá
ڸȾ߻̫ͬǼһ姼ӵܻص磬̫ǼҪԴջʱǷǳæµġ
Ҳûţͻס̫ǼľӴֻÿһƣɾʱҲԼҳ棬ԼûкʵƷ
ͬʱ̫Ǽλϻĳϵȣ姼֮ˡ
˶̫ǼΪ󣬲Ҳһͬ
姼쳣ˣԼͦεĶӣﶼ֮ɫ
Ǽϣٿ̫Ǽ֮࣬о졣
г̲סڣ̫Ǽѳɾ浤ˣ
̫ǼЦϣ˳ͻơ˴ǰʱ䣬ÿĥҲһЩ̫ǼˣͬҲ
һλæʣԵ棿
պһŮǸ̫ǼһǰƴɱģȻĵúܡֻ֮ǰƴɱǸŻģȥŮ
̫Ǽλϣ֪ŮһλЦŰ˵峤ϲصǣ̫ǼʵýʵȻΪԪֻҪٶĥһʱ䣬ȡ㹻ԴҲԶˡ
ȷû˵ٻȻǸԭ̫ǼȽϿصġĸˣԷҲֵģΣҲôȰѸҲһģʵһʼǲβ룬ѡһͬǰʱ򣬱ѡľͶǱֿŵˣնɱȾߵÿһ춼ޱģ絽ûжϢʱÿեɾҪûˣſϢϻҪһܽᾭ顢ȱ©˷˺ü£ǿľҲӦǸѾľοЩ˶Ҳ˲ţš
ˣʱÿ姼ӵܶнһԸڵʮˣֱͻΡ
Ǳ죬ǱȽϸߵģͻȾ͵һ㣬Ҳһƿһ۵þĺڡ
峤ԣʱ¶ϲɫ
֮ǰλϡҲܸˡ
ڵ姼ҶǿƵһҲ˲żüã̫Ǽˡ֮Ϊͷˣ姼ҵĴ
姼ңҲֻͶһˡ


229 姼ҵĻ
ΪͻƵϹŶ, 姼еﶼ˳ϵ̫ǼҲᣬѸôһ۵¶óۡ
, ̫ǼѼԱ˽ҲǱ֪ͨ, ֮ǰϵһֱš
ڶĳϡ, ׳ǳɨͷǹȻʵ, ̫Ǽ˵һ޶
ǰ˳ʣ֪Ϊβڣ
ڳ˶֪ļСУȷʵûԸ񣬲һٵˡ
̫ǼȻ̸ͣһ׮񡣡
ȻͰѹȥֵϸ˵
ڶĳ, ׷΢Ц
ԭô, ҲһλԵˡϹͷĪ˵ǰ, һз, Ҳûܴء
¾ʱԹ
̫Ǽ򵽵ԴͷԴг嵥, ˴ģҲʣµķҸ֪ڳĳǡ
֪Ȼǲ̫ǼԼӵеĲ, ڡ⡱һݡ
ſ̫ǼУҲ뱣֤Լľǿߵλ̫ǼѾüƻ, ׬ȡķңǲϽ, ͬʱ, ԴҲȫԼ׼, ռݡ⡱йķݶ
Ҳ˵ṩԴлȡķңȫ롰⡱˷ɹǮԴںʵʱʵļӵܣռĳУ̫Ǽ˽ᱻų⡣ͬʱԼԵõԴлȡķҡԼμӻ׬ȡķң򶼻Լġ˽⡱ⲿǹԴ;չ¶塣
̫ǼԼڡ⡱˽⡱뷨˵
ڶ೤Ȼû飬ſԭ̫ǼУΪСԵȻܽȫ˽ףû档
Ȼ̫Ǽ˵姼ҽΪ̤׼УǷң飬Խ姼ڲ롮㡯ΪǮңۺԴǼӵֵ֮࣬תΪ㡣ڹ뷨֮䣬չ̶һ
姼Ц˵ϸ˵
λ̫ǼĻҲͬĽģǼȻҪ磬Ȼ׼ܵӦԺȫʱæҡ
̫ǼҲϸ˵ںϣر仯Դ姼˲۳ףҪǰȥ֮ӴˡϵڶԼĹףҲùǸ裬ԪʯݵҩȵȣԹлȡ΢΢һЦ˵ǼҲûҪԴ˾Ϳн룬һδп˲鿴Դгۼֵ乺򣬲۳ӦĹ㡣
姼׷׵ͷҪùֱ׵㣬Դ̫ˣʱ°һһãԴ빦֮ŪֵıܷģҲģŪһ򻯰棬ӦܸһתҲһЩ˵õԴ
̫Ǽ˵̫ǼǳԭԴֻǰμͬǰʱǰĸȾȣˣԸݸԵĹ׷׬ȡķеɣתΪõĹ㡣ʣ˳ɣ򶼽Ͻ塣
ȻΪ̫Ǽһ콾еͼԴ䣬ԵõĶ˽ǮϽ¶ԼҡԪʱһ̫ǼҲȥæԴˣô٣÷䵽ٹǻҪظġ
姼˼ɡӵǰؾعʱϽԴҲǰ˳ɣᣬݶҲظı䡣һЦΪСλΪΣ
ڶĳ룬ûʲô
ԺȻип˳֣ȵʱٿ費ҪĶĿǰ˵̫ǼĽǿԵġ
̫Ǽ˵˺ܶ姼δչ£Ǿ˼ǵģ˵Ժ󣬴ܵõͳǵͬʹзģҲܺܿһ¡
һεĻǱȻҪһȷʹõķġ

ԪȻǻעϻһעͿ姼ҿ龰
ã̫Ǽô姼Ӧй򣬻̸˺ܶδжʽǸҵĹ㣬ϸꡣ
ͦġ
һ˵ˣ姼Ҹ˸ڲ翪˸ڲУ̫Ǽ̶빤ʺ͸Լ£ҪǰûенǿɵġԼ׬ǮԼһ򹤺׬ǮͲҪ˺ͼԼֳȥ
Ԫ˵ô¡
һЦ̫Ǽ˵ģȷʵͦģ姼ҪϰˣԺǽԺҲȷʵԿӦ
Ԫšһ͡

姼Ǳߣ̫Ǽ׳˵֮һЩƻͽ󣬾͸ɴ򵽵ġüɳһֱֽˣעȥʹ̣ϸֽչ
ţ̫Ǽվұߣȡһ֧ëʣպϵҩ֭īߣһ߿ſϵĽװ飬еƷ׿ʼҵдʷٵֽϳ֣ӵӦļ۸
ȻֽдƷ㣬̫ǼֻȰд֮ͻ˰ֽߣ׼糤ÿһֻԿһƷλЩȫڶһõ
ñȻҪ㹻󣬲ܰЩȫȥҪһеƷʱͿеǽѡ
姼˶ԣ̫Ǽϸе龰̫ǼϾÿһƷܣǲ˽⵽ƷһôӴ֣ͬʱҲˣƷ׸ߵƷļλֻ᰺ʲôز
ǣŸոΪ姼ϵķչԼﶥǿڶԺǽҸоôһ£ǿн¡
̫Ǽյı仯ڱдͬʱعǡ
ûȥеˣǲ֪ожǿģûۼƷСɢر澰Ҳ޷ܵ𺳡
ȻʹӼ۸Ϻúһ°ɡ
ڸ姼׬˲٣ɲԣ
ЩңҲֻ֧姼һβʱѡ
дƷ̫ǼдƷ
֮Ѿ姼֪ģϼܵģһЩעĿ
̫ǼѸд꣬˵֣˵λϻԼأǹ򣬴Ӧǿ𡣵˵㹻ãƷҲпʮٱļֵҹƷǰУֻڴ˴¡ϻɡ΢΢һЦλȤͿԤ֧ңԴĹȫٲϲ١

˾벻֪̫Ǽʲôʱע⵽ϻأ͵ˣԤ֧ϻϻġ°ͣȻȷǶԺصģϾȥУ˵Щ姼ҵǻ򼸸
ΪǵȤԪ˵ԪҼһСܡп˿ѡϻʱǷʾЧ
Ԫá


230 姼ҳ鱦ϻ
姼ҡ
姼ڶ姼һ, ȻȤ
̫Ǽ˵ѾܾˣҲзǳոմ̫ǼдƷеıɽһ, ͸ڴȻ, ҲԿˣڲһǰеʱ䣬̫ܽǼμһЩеĻ, صģҲⲻЩԾԾԡ
̫ǼҲ֪ЩŻԤ֧ҵ¡һǶȥˣϡ׳ȴûйнӴ⾡ܶΪ姼, ɵ׻ЩԲסǡ
姼ȿڵ˵ϻ֮²أҲȤ, ̫ǼΪһ԰ɡ
̫ǼȻûЦʵҪֱϻ
姼˵һԣϻϻϻȡһֻ
̫ǼӦá
Ȼ̫ǼǱϻҳ, ȵ˵ϻ
ɲǼ䣬ҳǰϻ, һɨ, һٸ
ʱҳϷ, гһС֡
˿ѡ񽫴ҳ沢ѡʾ
Ƿѡţ
ǡ/
̫Ǽ, üͷ΢
, еĸԽԽԻڳ˱п˵˽⣬ҲԿǵܶ෽棬رϡȻҲ̼ңõôãѾ˽⡣Ȼ̼ңһЩֶ֮еġ
̫ǼҲչָڳǿȻǺԥѡˡǡ
һ룬ŰųһƬ⡣
ѸٻɲǼ䣬ϻƷҳǸĻƵģǰҲչ姼˵ǰ
ڶ姼һͫ΢΢
姼쿪ڣǣ
̫ǼͽſϸѡȻЦܵҳ¶͵øסѡˡ
姼һҲЦǼ
姼ҳǾǻԥģҲȤ»ңҲҪһˡ
̫ǼЦÿӣ˵ѡ
姼һǰߵҳǰ
˶ҳϵİٸϻÿһŰƴС·ֿժȡһ㡣
̫Ǽָһġţ˵Ǹײڴҳһֻҿɵҳϱỻµһϻˡ
姼£˵һԣ
̫Ǽֵ˵㡾
Ȼôһ֮£ǰаϻʧȻ˲µһͬһֻϻһģһġ
姼ԹһΣҲûˢ£ָءңңصڶеĵֻ
̫ǼߵǴҲָصѡеǸϻϡ
һ룬ǰϻƮڸǰ
ͬһʱ̣ϻԶش򿪣һƬ׹⣬ۣһصУϻĶ
׹ɢȥǶ¶ò
һŰɫӣдһ֡Ԫ֡
58ҡ
姼״üͷ΢42ҡ
̫ǼЦˡ
ڳ姼ҲԽȤˣȻ۱۱ˣɶڵһβӴе˵ǺҪһԵġ
姼Ҳһ˵ٿϻɡ
̫ǼȻûģԼ΢Ծǰϻҳʧһˢ£һǺϻҳ档
姼ԾûʲôԥģѸٵ˵еĵڰֻ
Ծ̫Ǽȥ
ţѡеĺϻ֮ǰİϻһҲƮѸٴϻǡ
ͬģĹʣһλľͲǰ׹⣬Ǻ⡪ȻǺ죬ַ·ѪҺһɫ൱ģͬϼһ
Ŀ
姼˷׷׿ȥ
姼ҲЩڴģ
ܿ죬ɢȥ
ĶӰӰ´¡
һλ˴ƺǺ
Ʋ⣬ϻǷңð¼ôϻķңǺ¼ˡŲǺǿǳʲôƷô
λϻµͬʱͼɫ΢棬һҩ
չž֦Ҷ΢΢תš
·ɢһĨҩ㣬ʮע⡣
ǡ
ڳĳûϳܹ֪ҩܷ桭΢һ£ȼڶϰɡ
ںǰҩԪ綼ںܶ˵ԴˣֻΪںϣϡĵر֣Ʒ׸ߵģļֵԵòôˡ
峤ϸп˵ҩݣѾ۱ˡ
߳Ϻѯʣ̫Ǽϵһҩݣ
̫ǼǸ˼ܵˣҲ൱ϻۣܽкͲʱȥһ䣬һƷȵſϼƷİǲʱؽȥƷſһƷϼܣҪ֪һ
ԣڳΪûпʵͼƬϲ˵ȴ׾ٵġ
̫ǼһЦش˵һҩǶƷҶԪݣֵ1500ҡĹЧǿԴʣУԴǵеʵǵĸұ߶ԣʵĹЧãȴǱȲ֮ʹãЩ˷ˡ˵⣬ֳ姼˵ýи֪һ׬ˡ
姼̿ȷ׬ˡ
姼ţҲЦ
һ۱û۶٣ڶֱ׬500ң¸߰
姼Ҳԥֱ̫Ǽϻ
̫ǼȻ
ţһֻϻҳ
姼ϰˣصеڰеֻ
̫ǼҲǺܿȥ
һֻϻƮ˳ϻǴ򿪣Ϲš
һֻϻҪ1Ҳܹɫâŵʱڳ˶һּΪʵĸоϹ֮֮Ҳ˽ס̾
Ϲʧʱ򣬾ȻЩȻʧ
Ϲɢ󣬺ȻֵģҲͬ
¶ǰģһͨɫĳǹɢƵĻ֮ǹϲ˷·˺һ·ϸȥʱͻᷢЩ·ǵ˺ۣ·һȻɵһǡ
̫ǼҲϳֱӽ˵׶ǧǹֵ5500ҡ·ʦʱͻȻγɣȻƣǧǹŷԵʱܹͬͨɣʩչǹԽ̶Խɡ
⻰һλϵ۾ˡΪǻԵģӵһǧǹ˵ȷʵкܴ
ңλҲöǸͻƵ׵ģԭˣﱾҪΪѰһ׵ѵһȵ׶Ʒ
姼ԼǻԣǧǹʧЦ
Ȼ˵һλ۱ˣΪõĶλ϶൱ҪдʧʹУ·˲١
姼ˬ˵ͷͽ빫֮ڣתΪɡλҪǰȥȡǡ
⻰Ҳûʲô
姼˵ΣȷʵȤλǻҪһԣǰɡ
һϻӡ
Ȼ󣬴߳Ц˵ǾϷҲһԡ


231 鱦ϻ
ڳĳֻ, ״ҶҪһԣȻԣôе˳ȻҪһ¡Դϵ, ʵҲٮٮߣ姼֮, һԣҲΪǡġ
ĳǣ֮Ͷⳤϵˡ
̫ǼΪһ鱦ϻĹˣǸԴ˵Ȼûκģ¾Ц˵֪Ҫȡֱϻ
ЦҲͬһ㣬ϻϻϻһΣ
̫Ǽ
һº̫ǼԥѰϻһҳİٸϻչʾڴϵǰ
ϿЩϻ֪һֻҪһٷ, ĵĸоɺ, ͬʱҲһڴСип, ڴУԴгѾܾûйˡľͬžһ޲ԴںԺͲĸо, һԤ, ַ·һصľٴν١һγ鱦ϻ, Ϊ, ҲҪԽӴһУģʵҪΪһεĳԣĸоܸĿܡ
뵽ֱӵеֻ
̫Ǽ˵һáȥ㶯ֻϻ
ɲǼ䣬ϻƮϻǿ׹
ֳģһΣֻƷֵҲ300Ҷѣȱϻ۸100ңѾǷ
׬ˡ
Ȼ󣬴һЦѾٴٻĺϻҳ棬ѡСеֻ
̫Ǽ¡
ԾǱϻƮϻǿЧѸһθֳģȴһƷһźɫӡ
526ҡ
һοˡ
ţһϻϹЧ
һεɲ̫ãϻеɫϣǡ6522ҡݣԾǿ˼ǧҡ
ϵûöôʹ죬ϸһԼľĲЦЦÿӣ˵󷽣öǰ
ҲЦݿģ̫Ǽʾ⡣
̫ǼҲûʲôͷ˼Ȼ´Ӱϻҳ濪ʼٻ
ϱҪȤһ㣬ƺ˼ţ̫ǼѰϻҳˢ˺üΣ̵һ
ϧôϸѡ۱ˣõдš66ҡİ
Ŷںϻϻȫˢҳ棬·ϸϸ˺üεѡ̫ǼҲ˳ϿģǺϻеһƷ۱ϻеһƷ۱
۱Ǻܶ࣬ǰͷλϿûЩ
Цˣҡͷ˵һкôġ
ϼ⸱ģҲҡҡͷŹԼѡ
೤Ϸ׷׺ЦеգǰԵáá˲١

Ԫ￴姼ҡϻһ߿һüЦ
ԪЧһӾͰǸסˣҲӣԵ̫ҡЧԲϡ
Ԫ佱ãͷ°ͷ˲䡣
һҲܻЩ
һ֣㶼˵ˣ
Ԫ˵Ļ
е㷢ȣ⻰е飬ﲻ֪ôģͦ˵ġ
룬ǰ·ϿС̸Ϊ̫˵Ļ˶һļƤͷƤε÷飬ֻ߹ȥڰԪ˵ЩȻûر࣬Ҳ飬ͬʱֺͦϲġҲ̸˾ɣˣⷽ滹Ǹء
ԪľԼ˵ĻΪΪһϵͳû̫뷨ģΪǣΪѧϰˣΪϲ磬Լ뷨ԼôֻԼʲô족ϾӦֻǸͨĹ߶ѣӶԷָĵطҪԼ뷨ܶᷴԼ뷨Ϊһͱɲɿصˡ
ڵԪʵǳĬԵģкܶ໰ûи˵ҲҪһϸ˵ֻҪ˵ģһĵĻ
Ԫţͷ˲°ֱͣҲЩ
ڳᷢԪһĨʶ翵⣬ⱡظ˵ϣԪϸǵûҪЩɸϵЩѾ͸һ·һϸϸܵؽ硭ÿһ缡
˶ʵʵذ
ʱϰЩҲûʲôԣԪ߸˵˵Ż
Ԫ㿴姼߿ϻͦģ׬˲١
Ԫ΢΢̧ۣߴǰˮɨ˵ţ׬ˡ
˼֮ǰĲ˼תƵ׬Ǯϲã姼ҵ鱦ϻ鵽Ʒһˡ
Ʒ׬ģϻһͨҪǧҲ⣬ǿ
Ȼĳϡ峤ϡϡ
һλλ½飬ȻûԼһǰϻϻϻһû࣬ǶˣҲ̫˷ѡ
鱦ϻĻǿģǰͷλϳԺ˼٣˼ǧû׬ġֱλϳ鱦ϻʱǰİϻϻҲУɵ鵽ϻʱ򣬿Ķȴͬˡ

姼ҵĳǿȻ࣬ҲûʲôƲҵ˼ʵһԸ֮࣬ҲҪһľĲҲԸľˣôܿһЩҲǳܷΧ֮ڵġ
λϵʱƺⲻá
ϻʱֻа19ңǰϻпҵٵһ
ϻʱҲֻк122ңȻҲĿǰϻгҵٵһ
ϻһмλϾͶ߳¶Цݡ
鱦ϻ˵ԼҪ٩ԼľҲ͸ˡ
߳ϵɺ̹Ȼڵظ˸İ룬ڳ¶һЦݣȻѡһϻ
̫Ǽϻ
ЧѸٵϻ棬Ȼһ塣
壿
Ƕ֣׷׶ףȻǼ¼һŹġ֮ǰǳ鱦ϻʱǳ鵽ģʵǳ鵽˹
ֻǲ֪Ǹʲô֮ǰľϻĹƷӦֻ̫ͣǶ姼ҵô󲻴ͺ˵ˡ
һ룬𣬰չ¶ڳ˿
в
ɲǼ䣬ڶ姼ҳϷ׷ףⲻһ
ʲôƷף姼˵ôġ
ͬʱмԺõĳˣšвƷס
̫ǼͬʱڣҲѵô˵㾪ϲ˵Ȼ׶
Ƕǿ̫ǼдƷֽģҲ׷
вһ׶
һıҲװ׵ءǧҡ
ͨ˵׶⹦Ķۻ֮䣬һǧλ˵ʹ׶ؼҲٮٮˡ
߳൱ãߣͶظǰļλϡ
Ȼһ˵ϷŹҲĨƽ姼ҽճϻˡ
ϣ
ģҲ̫˰ɡ


232 Ƿͨ
˽լ
̲ס˵λ߳һȺǮͬǰ԰, еǷ򰡡
˵ҪСڳľҪˡ

ڿ߳ģ, λѾϻĳЦһᵽ˲ͬľ
ֻǣľʵñҲ˵ǵûаֻһ̣ǲԼͬزһ֡Ҫǵ϶Ӱι⡢û˵
Ȼܿѹ˾ǡ
姼Ҳ, ȻҲ΢΢, ϾԴӵſܹĴ̼٣侲졣
˿˸Բ⡶вʮָ֪֮߳кδ㣿
߳һ, Ҳ, Ȼ˵ŲѵãȻ鵽ˣϷȻҪ׸˹
姼ף̾߳ϸ塣
߳һЦ֮¡
Ҫûд, ȷޱȵģ߳Ϊõſ, ֻҲô׸, Լ, Լʵ˵, ǲȱ, ֻҪ¸ķҶ, ôȻԸԼѧԺֹ׸ˡ
姼˵ͷȻҲ߳һݡ
߳ЦŰǡ

߳ϳ˴󽱺󣬶϶ԣ㡣
ܿҲ½飬ͬѡϻϻϻһû˭飬Ҳû˭ϧ顣ֻǺܿϧȤϻĳ϶ԺҲֻһС׬һ˳ƽʣµҲǿ
ô˵ԹһԺͶһˡ

翴Щ˳ϻӣʱҲɨһԼſ塣
ÿһϳ꣬˻ﶼһǮֻǶһһѡʹλд󽱵߳ϣ߳˵Ƿ˺ü׬ɶԣҲ׬ģֻ׬˵ѡ
˵׶⹦չ巨ң߳ϻֻһңӦҪŶԡ˭ŹѹͲչأ¿5еһżҵģȫûгǸżӰӣȻȻģͳΪ硰Ķˡ
Ʒûгɱٶ׬ֻ˵Ϊ߳ϰˣ׬ˡҪǲߣҲδؿ˻򡪡߹ؼֻһΣ߾ͳߣпҪʱҲǿԷۼ׬Ǯġ
Դ˺⣬룬һ飺Ԫѳ鵽׶ƷϢͨпͻɡڹϻģԿôЧǷͨ󽱵ľźƣһɡ
Ԫ§§磬һֱŰ¶£Ҳ⡣
ش˵á

姼ҡ
ڳ걦ϻ姼ûʲôˣĸðŵҲ׵Ǹþôɢȥµġ
ͻȻ䣬̫ǼˣλϣԵȡ
ǲ⣬ͣ½ŲλС֪ʲô¡
̫ǼȴǿԼſ壬Դ΢˵з֪ͨ˵Ҫѳ鵽󽱵ϢͨУŴ¡̫ǼԾλ
һ㶣ûϵһˢˢؿ߳ϡ
߳ҲǾȣӦͦ죺Ϸϻ̫Ǽ飬ҪͨͨĿԪ̫Ǽš
⵹ʵ϶ỹͨ߳ϵġ
姼Ц²ضǣֱͨǡ
΢١
ȻЦЦ˵Ǹϳתÿģͽ˵ҵҲøĻһ˼룬׶⹦ҵȶǶı֮ȴ㲻ʲô졣Ͽ֮Ҳܻ˺͸ûʲôη֮οȾ߻սãضд֣㲻ϻģҲд˽ֱйƷ׵ĹĽҵȲö໨ǮˡˣͨϢǵʲôΣգһԪ
⻰һ˻Ȼ
̫ǼҲ뷨ҵͳһЦ̫Ǽȥظ
Ƿ׷Цȥɣȥɡ
̫ǼѸٻشˡ
ǱߣҲȻ˷Ӧ

Դӽк󣬺ܿͿʼҹݵڸȾæµԪţճ㹻ʱЪһЪˡ
ԪΪԪŵĵǺʵĲ㣬ûиԪһȥԪÿô࣬ȴһҧǵëѹȥÿԪƴɱʱһ䷿
ͬʱԪѡԼһŲա
һݳĵãΪĽܺϸÿһ̶Ⱥ󣬾ͻרעϰѧʡ룬ںܶ෽û취ԪŰæҪѧ㶫ҲĳЩضʱܰԪһæ
ԪûѡģΪģԼҲⷽ΢е֣ĲҲԹ඼ܳҪʱչȻڲ̫⣬кܳʱѧϰһ㲻׸ȻǸõġ
Ԫÿ춼࣬Ҳû˹ҵСүֻԪҲǸͦǿˣҪѧٸԪ˵Ԫֻ֪Сүлȴ֪ԪҲڱԼϵضѧ
˵
һص˰а
˻ǸסΪеԵʣǺٸӴҲֻ֪λʱʱͻȥһ»һΣֻ뿪һʱߣľͲ˽ˡ
ڵԪźԪҲôɵǡ
ԾǶܵģҲʱôˡ

С
Ԫžʹ˸ͷ浹ϣǽӲġ
齱ߣҵСүһһҩˢպĨ
ƣҪĸ˿ˣˢտء
ʵȻʲôˢտԪڸԪĨҩ
ԪŵϣǴСС˰̣еĳеĶ̣еɼǣԼܿƤ⣬ǳį}ˡ
Ҳ֣ԪŶڸȾƴɱڸȾߵĿˣɳڵʱǳΧģĵʵҲᱻȾץˡֻǸԣýⶾҲɸȾߣɽⶾⶾЩ˿ȴǵҩϡ
һʼԪŻǻ㹻ҩƷԼĨϵģϾʱǺӦս˿ڶ࣬ʱƵĻʧѪࡢֱǸĺɵ˺ۼԼ׬ķԽԽ࣬ԼҲԽԽӦȾ߰Χϵ˿ԽԽ١ͲôʱԼˣˣûɱֻȾߡ
ԪϼûƤ⣬ȻʵҲɿ졣
ÿλʱ򣬸ԪǴҴҼ桢СһٴͶսǰѪһ£Ԫֲ·Ȼûз֡
ɻ󣬾޷ˡ
Ԫû뵽ŸոСүһؼңͱѹڴϣֱһˡ˺٣඼ûȫľˣǱ5ȾץƤ⣬µ˿ڸе㵣ģ᲻ŵү
ȻŵûУСүۿˡ
ܻ˰ɣŵˡ
ȻԪÿ춼ðԼǹɺá
Сүͻ𽵹أÿһƤⶼˢҩࡣ


233 ͳ鿨
ÿһαˢҩ, Ԫ˵һּ尾
Ҳˣ汻ˢ꣬ذԼ˸棬ñ汻ˢ
ȫӲþһʯͷ, ΨԼڱˢˢȥʱ, ¶һǰġ
òױˢ꣬ԪŰ
ԪԪŵ˿һЩ, ȷʵ𽥺ת龰, ΢΢طɡ
˵Ԫŵıе㷢, ȴƽһ, ڱ, ҩ඼֪𣿡
ԪƵ˵ү֪ˡ
˿̱뷨ûУֻú󱳱Ĺĵط˻Ƶģȵ̣ڸмǿңøӲ, һƵ, Ҳܶ
ԪùЩ, ȥѷҩϴ, ȥԪŵ
Ȼ, ſĲ
Ԫͬо, ׼ٻſ
Ԫ˵𶯡
ԪŲҶˡ
Ԫ˵һ֪ͨһ, , š
ԪţŶ
, Ԫٻſ塣
֪ͨϲ2硶Ԫ硷̫Ǽ׶Ʒʴ󽱣ϲ̫Ǽ׶Ʒʴ󽱣شͨ£Աףأ
֪ͨϲ2硶Ԫ硷̫Ǽ
֪ͨϲ
ͬͨ棬Ρ
㹻ˡ
Ԫɴۣ㿪Ʒбϻ顣
ڸոմҳһ˲һƬϼâĿһԵ͵ɤٴͨλд󽱵п̫Ǽйء
Ԫ󣺡
һ˲Ľˡ
ԪûСү֪ͨеƣַСүԱѹûˣеż˲ģӷ
١Ȼֹ
үڷ
Ȼֻж̴ٵһҲǰԪѣһץסԪŵĸ첲˵׶Ĵ󽱣ֵҵĴ󽱣˳ˡ
Ԫһ㶣ŷӦеʣǣүҪ𣿡
ԪҵضҡţϵıҲǶҡ
ֻǡ
Ԫô׬ʮңӦöԺҪϵģôڳ齱ôݳ޵Ʒأ
ԪſԪĶҡҲôȰ˵СүǿڣƳƷүһһ͵֧˼ˡܳȣҲ˵ϾվĸǷЩȴʵ΢Ŀ˷ǳӦرһ
ԪȻͱ˵ˡ
΢΢ҧһᣬ˵ǡǾһһɡ
ԪŶԼСүȻǴܾģ˵ǡ
Ԫ򿪰ϻϷǷѯʣȻͬģڳϻʱҲҪԪһ
ɲǼ䣬ϻҳ籡ռǰǽڡ
Ԫۣǰһ
СƿƤ˹ȥ
һ̣ϻƮϻƿʱ׹֡
һӰǰ׹渡ֶ˲ʱչ¶Լò
ԪŷԼƷҳ棬ٶգ˵үһѶ׵
ԪӦܿ죬һֱڸȾƴɱԪŲͬʵѧϰļ϶Ҳϵ๦ܣһЩ̳ȹܶΣƷҳƷȫˣֻǱϵʱҪһ¡Ԫһѣ̾͸ǼƷϺţ˵Ʒֵ1650ҡǰϻģϻ100һ׬1550ң
˵˵ţԪԵظ
׬ˣ׬ˣ
ԪżСүô˵ӣҲɵΪˣƵϣҲչЦһ
ϲү
Ԫһγɹس鵽ĽƷڶγϻʱղ˲١룬ϻƷǳۣǰһǧķҴףҲ׬ġ
뵽⣬Ԫٴ򿪺ϻҳ棬ֳ˺ϻ
Ǳҵ㣬͵͵ƤɽŵؿЧ
һƬ棬һҩչ֦Ҷ¶˵ǰ
Ԫҩıϸ죬ϾҪѧģ֪ⷽʶ൱ע̸˵Ʒİÿһֵ1288ңԪţһ׬ˣ׬288ң
Ԫżæٴιϲǵү׬ˡ
Ҳе㾪ȵģϾϻ£׬ģСүȻζܳиõĽĺܺá
Ԫǰεļ£εʱһһϻڸģҲеȥѡˡ
ǣվɺ֮ǰͬһ̣Ϲէֺ󣬵ȴһƷ
·ʱúܿ죬ַ·ʱúԪڴءϹ棬һɫӡ
6666ҡ
ԪʧءһҲû̫ʧ
һǿˣǧ෨ңǰתǧ˵Ҳûп̫࣬ģʵ˺ܶࡣ
ԪſСүı飬ָ΢΢ֱ̧ۣСүļϡ
ԪܵϵͷԪţСеӡ
ԪŶ˶٣е㵨ӵջ֣ǲ֪ôģûջ֡
˵үʧǿٳ顣
ԪƲƲ죺ˣɣҲͦõġջߣûȥԪŷϵֻ֣˵㰲οҵķϣȥƷ޻˳԰ɡ
Ԫһ㶣оԼֱ۶ӲˡڣҪοүǸðջأʵ̫ջ
ԪҲûôˣҲ֮ǰһʧ˺ܶࡣ
Ԫľͷ˵㷴Ӧ
ҲǸοˡ

硣
׺˴żͽܻص׺ʱݹġֻԼ֪ǲһ½ĸо
һΣ˼ʱ䡪ڼ䵱ȻҲż¶һʾǻڵġܹ׬ȡķҴﵽٶ
Ҫ֪ǳ粻Ǹ3磬ĵƷλߵҲֻһҶѣҲ˵׶ıֵҲᳬһ򣬾׺ǰĹΪ̸Ƕ⼶𣬳۸еʱֻǧ࣬йһģҲֻҪǧҡĻٶಿĸõĹɡĶҲֱٶɡ
ôķ֣׺ôܲ⣿ôܲ
룺˶ĻףʲôŮʲôǼŴɣҲʲô
ĬĬЩǮ÷ҪȰѼͽװݣǸõĹǿ̿ԼҲҪøƷĹҪոʵˣҲҪĿԴȡպռһϯλ
׺־̫ļƻˡ
ϥԼ޷һ룬һס
Ȼͽӵſ֪ͨ
֪ͨһῴģκһмֵĻ
ǵ׺˴塢֪ͨõı飬ʱӲϡ
ʲô˳鵽׶Ĵ󽱣
һǴ󽱵ļֵָ΢΢
˻
׺Ѹٻ񣬲ŷԼм΢΢Ʈ
ոСק˼ӡ
еĿУ˺֮ˣ


234 Ľʺ
ⲻְܹ׺˲, ΪǸ
ϻϼ֮󣬰׺ѾΪ֮ÿһֶ֧ѡ˰ֱϻһһعϧǣǺһ, 100ҵİϻеõĽǡ25ҡİ, 1000ĺϻõǼֵ350ҵһƷҩ, 1ϻʱ, õֻǡ4533ҡνǿϼӿûκһϻ׬ġ
һȻǼʱ, Ҷġȴȫеͨ˵ô߼Ĵ󽱣, ôܲۺأ
ð׺˼ʵ, һͨȫж֪ôһѵ˶Ҳضи̵ӡ˶, ɱҪһȼأ׺Ŭȴʼղܲһ̾, ޱȡ
̾Ϣ󣬰׺˵׻ǲܸģƷİ顣
һ, ǹش󽱵Ч
׺ˣ
ʵ̲ס, ָһʮϻʮϻʮϻ
ôֱӻ111000ҡ
౦ϻ׷״, Чըѡ
Ĳʹ֮, ʮϻĽƷ, ȫ˳
45ҡ62ҡʮűٹȵƷҩ꡿22ҡ88ҡ
622ҡƷƾ222ҡ333ҡһƷҩһ꡿552ҡ
׶һ5333ҡ8888ҡĽƷҩһ꡿ĽƷһ
ŽƷһ׺˴ЦݵЦ΢ЦѾô꣬ɸеľ𵴡
ˣˣˡ
ʮϻϻʮһ׬ģϻ׬ģϻҽһǲƽ
׺ҲգϷڴ˵ʹա
Ҳϻˣ
󣬰׺˱˱ۣջſ塣
Ǹ˶ҸԷύһպʱ˵˼ұҪմһմġ

׹
Ԫعκռ⣬ռлнǧľǴȥȾĥ¹ġ˽»ıʿ
ȻһֱָӵõϾɱ˽ǻΧ߹ǿ޷״ʹЩ˽һǧࡣܻЩʵ൱̶ȵҲѪ뺷֮ǵƱǡ
ҲΪѾȥ磬Щ˽жЩ˽⣬صظԪعκֱˡ
ռ䣬ȻҲͶǿˣμӶֲ֡ͬʱҲӵһסڴ˴ձȴȶŨ
ȻռѾġ
ԪعһֱԼռ䣬ǰھйһЩͶ룬ڸȾ׬ǮżһЩʱ䣬ذѷͶ뵽תװתͬʱҲѲٷռ䣬ʹռ˸ͿӽĴƬԭ˿ռĻԣõһԭռҩġռŨȣҲﵽ׿ɵ߷塣
ϾǸ׵ռ䣬ôҲֻѣ޷ɱΪһסֻ˵ԪعǶԣʱǹˡ
ȵǵʵǿԺռͻҩŵĸݵأഫȥ׵ĵ̡
˿̣Ԫعǰ˽ӣ΢΢һЦ
κԱ߿ҲЦЦ
Ԫعͷʱκı飬㶡
κ蹧˵ϲ£˴дջΪҴ̣ձȻһϯ֮ء
Ԫعκ裬뵽ԼĹΪԼˣҲ
˵պЩ΢㼣ҲȻͬС
κȻǸ꣬ѾȺܶ࣬ʱԪع˵ֻ㣬˵ǣ¡ĳ˵ԸΪЧ
һͬյſʾ
ٻſ壬뿴ͨĴ֪ͨ
κû˵ʲôֻҵָ
Ԫع˿Ǵ󽱵ƣЩĽķңҪκ軹˽ɱܵλ2ǰʵˡ
ԪعвᣬҲ壬ϻӸһ
Чֺ󡪡
κЦϲ¡
ԪعҲչա
ϻ88ҡϻƷɺ辢ֵ2200ңϻĽ׶һöֵ9500ҡ
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˶ҪһǷȺ﷢صԣһϻΡ


᰿ؽĻƷͨ󽱵Ч¶һĨЦҵ˵пɣǲؼλ˶ǰ͡
ؽҡҡͷ˵һ䣺þǰ
ɫ˵ǡ
ؽװģȻЩΣҲû˵ʲôˡ
һԵĽ֪˶󽱵İ׻ĬĬض׳һĢһ仰Ҳ˵ֱԱա
ڳ齱ڵ֣ƫƫֳֿ齱ʵıϻһûסֻʣ·ҵһ룬ϻϡ
ֻǡ
׻Ǹ
һɱ䣬ְ˸Ҳݡ
ٴκڵҪ֡
˿̣ϸȥ׻ı飬ͻᷢŤһص״̬
žǡ
ĽʣֻںޣԹġٷֱɡ

֪ͬͨգССءһԴĽر˱죬žͻͶҷԴĹȥˡ
½ڣڿмڴкֱײںΣֺ˷üʣΪʲôд󽱣
ĩԪ磬ЧڴϡǷǵˣò׺ĳϻǿ˳ģŷˣŷ˰Ľʣޣ
ʦ磬ëСƿǴ֪ͨ³һĽǣʵʵŬɣ⡰һ족ˡ
ԭʼ磬ŻХؿڣָн֪ͨСֹÿϧǶûж١
ͼ磬ûнĽʬ쳤ХԼҽʬſǹ§ҵ͵ΪϮҲſ֪ͨĽʬεһЦðɣʵҲܼš
磬ٳһ𿴵д󽱵Ϣҧ´Щźһεĳ齱Ӯ˲٣һΣֻǿѡķĳذο
ǧ֮磬СڲεϹĻŹ˸̫ˣҲôǣ޹ض˶ڳ齱ʱ˺·ġ
ʷǰ磬ǮСȥ͵İ׿֪ͨС˺üշ໽УĽдŷɫòͣ˷ССͷǲݺݵ˰׵ĺһ¡ˣ
Ů磬ԷḧԼ鵽ļͨƷۣ޶ϵ΢΢س鴤һ£ӣ޾ʣ
ǧ½棬Цҡҡͷշȥ˰ο˽š
ĺ񳾣ɨһ֪ͨ¿ʼû˿顣
ĳߣɨһ֪ͨͫкǰǵκѪеɢںڵĹ⡣
ħĻ͵ڵʦˬǰָϵ֪ͨˬ΢飬ۣ޴ĵӡ׻ȥȾһʣҲϻˣҲա
緮謺΢΢̾Ϣֹſ塣
ħʿľ鹫գۣ¶һĨĽû鵽ʲôö
ʥƲƲ죬΢£ܲˡ
кܶ磬ǿޣ籦ƿ֮飬һЩڻ/·ݵĿǣʱæµ쾣ٱܶˡڿ֪ͨ󣬸ԶзӦ붼ĽʵģҲֻǿ˿ͽԼʵ˼ϡ
ĸһλˣһ춼סһˡ2ԪĿˣ̫Ǽð

˽լЦԪĻ
Ҿ֪϶һڵҪĽʺޣ㿴׻Ͱٷֱȱ״ͼ
ԪЦûؿڡ
ȫзͨ統ȻԪų˽ӵ֪ͨķӦҲȻûʧ⣬Ŀǡɬɬҡ۸
ЦԺδִϵͳ塣
ҲͬȺҲš


235 ֵȺ
[У԰-Сͬѧϲ󽱣ĽĽ]
[ʷǰ-װףĽˣûʲôؾ]
[ǽ-СŮ]
[ǽ-ӵͣͬһģʱʶô]
[ǽ-СŮˡ]
[Ի-ҹӣǸʲôӵľͲҪС˰, Ĺ㿴ôȻҲͬһ磬Ҳ]
[ǽ-Ůĵͽ, ˷ˣﲻؾ, ˡ]
[ǽ-СŮлл㡣]

ʱ˶١
, ôͻȻˣǽðٰ
Ԫһ˵ǽλ, ѵȺ
Ҳ, ƽʱҸи£ˮȺûس˸ͨеĴ, ܶ˶뵽һȥˣȺűô֡պ÷кü˸ԼͬĿˣ˵仰ҲǸӵ͵ĻǸ, С̲סǼ, Ǵʼġ
Ҳͬ˾ڴʱͻȻС岻̫, һǽĿֹˡ
[ǽ-ʿλǽͬĪҪ, ˡ]
ţڸбȽϸߵĿҲ˿ڡ
[Ů-£˵ǣǴ֪ͨλضˣ֪λ姹Ǻˣ޻]
[Ů-̣˵ǡ]
[Ů-]
[Ů-Ůǡ]
[Ů-, ȥ̽λ姹ҵڸȾ棬һλּΪǿߡû뵽, Ҳ˾ˡ]
Ĭ
˸µС, ŮŮһ, ͬһ˸͵ĸͣ̽ϢĴ̽ϢҪΪȺ磬¶ôʺƨ˰ɡ
ţ˷׷Ⱥ﷢ûٸСˣҲ½˸˵ȽϸߵĿˡ

[-ᰣ姹ӵȷѵ˵ҲǼáҵȣҲϻȴԶв󰡡]
[׹-ǣҵԶв]
[ƺ-ϰԶԶ姹Ӣˣȷ䲻]
[-ͣϲ姹ӣô˴󽱡]
[̽-̽Bϲϲ]
[Ʒ-ŮȷһڿأͲԶˡ]
[ǧ-С磺̫ĽˣĽʣޣðɣ޾ˡ]
[ĩ-죺ôôãʣ˵Ǹ˧磬@姹ӣлᵽͰ𿴼ͣóԵͦġ]
[-ĳϲ]
[-ĳ-ͬͬϣ˵姹Ӻлд谡д裡]
[-ĳ죬ʵ˵]
[-ʢ棺ϲ]
[-ףϲ]
[Ԫ˧-㣺ѽϲϲ]
[ͼ-ͣ𣡲ԣǹϲ]
[Ů-֣姹Ҳ]
[-ӣ姹ʵ֮ˣĽѡ]
[-Լǡ]
[-姹ӿ̫ˣ̫ˣ]
[-ণצڡ]
[-צڡ]
[-ԡڡ]

һ·ˮȺ⣬̲סЦ
ԪΪϵͳȻҲ̷ԭЦ⡣
ЦǷͲɣǻôתҲ˵ˮȺĿİͰ͵ġ
Ԫšһ
ӣǲҪЦˡ
ʵҲְȻǿģǹͨʲôϰЩҪС˵ʲôֺڲֺڵ˵ҲûʲôŷŷǲǵģֻӦⷽˡǿܻǾֻСڡǵԾˡⲻֺڱצڣצצ˳ģֱӾͱʾԼܺڡ
Ԫ̶ԻʱȺȺ¼ڲϵˢ

[-ħӢӣȷĽѡ]
[-⣺ϲˣ姹ӿŷʣ̫ˣ]
[ǧ-½ӣˡϲ姹ӡ]
[Ѱ-Сܣ姹䣡]
[-Ůףϲ姹ӣô˴󽱡]
[-·ҰϲϲλԸСһ˽ģ]
[-ŮףҲɣĪˣ˽˵]
[ħ-ϲ姹ӡ]
[Ǽ-ĳء]
[ҩʦ-𣺹ϲ]
[ҩʦ-һˣϲ姹ӣ]
[׺-׺ˣв˳ɧ꣡СѣϾϷȲ衣]
[-ѳ꣺غҪܰҴͺˣ]
[ħԨ-ƿϲǧ]
[ǿ-ӣСѡ]
[ǻ-Ľϲ姹ӣʱпգԸһ]
[-磺ϲ姹ӣпȥΣʱɱ]
[ħ-ϲϲϲʦ˵姹]
[-ϲˣСѣӭҽ͡]
[ħʿ-죺Ҳӭ姹֮ɭѽ]
[ʥ-ֵܣгϻɣ]
[-Ԫ姹ǾͲˣ̫ڣ]
[Ԫ-̫ǼλˣʵڲҵλϾӭҽ͡ҽһںϣʱҲλĪҪ֡]
[׺-׺ˣʲôСںϣʵں֪Сѿɷϸ˵]
[-񳾣ںϣںϣ]
[-Ԫţ֪姹ӿɷϸ˵]
[-Сѣϸ˵]
[ħʿ-죺ںʲô]
[ħ-ĳСϸ˵]

һʼǸλ˷׷ðʾڸвұʾϲģ˵˳òˣ̫ǼðͷӦҲ˵˵ţ˵ں档
°ͣԪ˵̫ǼΪʲôͻȻںϣ
Ԫ룺Ұ֣
Ҳ룺ʲô֣Ŀǰ姼Ѿռ˾Եĸ߷壬ӦùðɣӦòҪֹȥ
Ԫ˵ҲĿġ
ϸ˼ţ̫ǼĿĺܺ档
姼ȫںϵḶ́һ姼˲ϵʵһȥԴһռݸԴںϲˣ姼ҲһռиĺôȫûʲôҪԮġҲõĳʲô⣬ϾΪ֮ӣ߻һ֮Ӹæ˵ӣܻ;ȵ糹ںϣǿǿ֣姼ҾͻǵõôģͬҲõܶĺö
Ԫ˼һҲҪ֡
һ㶣Ҳ뵽һ㣺ѵ˵ֻһЩеĿ˵Ԫͣúдһ£˳ύ༸ѣ
Ԫͷǡ
գգۣпܡ
̫Ǽ˵´ֻһģԪˣøпʶǣǸĻᡣôᵽںϵ£ҲǱ缴Ϊǧ磬Ǳмֵѵġں£Ȥһ㶼ǿߣûĶǧĸ˳ǽύˣԺҪǻʲôԪһ㲻ģͿĿһˡ
ﰡǡ


236 СȺ
ʵҲ
̫ǼΪʲôҪ֪԰Ϣͨеʱ뵽˿õĵطڵ粻Ǹ2, ĿǰѾֵУǧѾƽˣôԪΨһǧǿ߱Ƚӵ, Ҳֻںˡ֮ȺǱˮ, ںʵʱðݱʾл˳Լ쳣һҲ˳¡
˿̣ѾصԼ̫ǼϣſϽյĲ˵ĺ, ΢΢ǡ
ϱ˼ϻڿ棬̫ǼǱȸԾתͷȥ, ʣ֣˸ˣ
̫Ǽֱӻش˵׺ǰԪšĺǰķ謺ǰħʿİǰħĹˬǰǵǰȣԸһ롣гСǧ⣬綼ǧ磬ǰ˵ʵʤҡ
һת֪Ϊʲô̫Ǽ, ü˵ѹ, ֮⣿
̫ǼЦȷ⡣ͬ˵һ˵ں֮£浽Ԫ, ҲҪһһ
϶ûʲô, , һȤ, ʵԼǿҲ, ʶʶҲû
˳ھʹӦ, ʱһ𡣡
̫Ǽˬ, ˡ
, ٵظЩпӺѵͬʱҲ˳˸Ⱥ
ȺİпǿԼһСȺģֻǽСȺҪ1ңȺܳʮһˣÿһҪ1000ҡȻþͲóˡ
Ҫǰ̫ǼͷҲȻһȺڲͬˣ1һǿóģЩһںϵ⣬飬ԸɴأЩȫһСȺȥһġ
Ⱥ֮ǰ̫ǼҲ˵˶ûȻ˳ˡ
ʱȺĵһСȺҲڽɡ

˽լ
һ߿ˮƵѰȤ¶һ߿ϵͳ壬ʾǸȺİ飬ñǸȡСԪ硿СȺ
ǵģԼʵΪһͨġǵĿҲȥ̫ǼʶˣȻڵԭ0ģȥѯʵʱաڽ֪Ϣټ˶Է鿴Լʵ̫ǼһѾ׵ġǿߡˣȻҲͻһ㡪Ȼ0ҲһͿƾͲᱻСȺˡϾǱĸԸǱѣȻǿѣʵ̫ϺȵģҲû취Ժֵý̽ʱͬУǾͺεġ
ᣬǸСȺĿҲԼŽ˱עʼȻ
ʼȻ̫ǼĶǵ֪֮Щûʲô
ЩϢǾͶϤúܣҲʱʱ
[ԭˡ]
[ˡ]
[ֶԴҲо]
[Ҳˡ]
[ѹּ֣統Ǹȥ]
[ϲˣպҪǡ]
[л֣˻Ȼ]
Իе秣û취Ⱥ˶ô˵ģô˵ĶȽϳĬԣҲȺףͬôˡ
ȺĿȻִ֪磬ɴ̫Ȼֱ۵Ҳû˾ʲôΥ͵ġ

ֿˣСȺҲͽȥˣĴڸҲһ㡣ΪǿߵʵֵȽϸ߻ԴȽϷḻĿ棬Ҳǹ˺ţԺӦҲⲻҪѡ
Ϊ֮磬һƬֹⲻҪʡһˡ
ԴԪ͡е䡣
ʱ̣ʱ䶼ڸԪĿӰˣҲûȥұչʲôġ
ȻˣѪա
ʵҲӺòͽⲻ»س鰮棬ϵҵľ΢һǷչ׬ǮΪбȤ
ô˵ڵʵףĽǻҪһʱеġ
ӣԪͱչذɡ
Ԫרע
е㲻˼˵ţƷϻԺȳһСʱ䣬ȿٷչһԺ׼¶
Ԫ˵ʲô
룺һ£һͳǵǮǳϻԺ󣬺ܶһ鵽ܶòϵĶЩҪûضҪĻ̳ҲôȥһǻѹڿҲ˸ĽʡҪǻյԿ˵ǿ»̫ˣӰǵĻԡ˵⣬һûǣ׬ǮΪͷչУΪ˳ѣչΪ˽һٽĽеʱ޶Ǯһһ㣬еʱΪƷڲͬｻ죬ҲʵҪÿĸԸظоҲ׬ˣҲĸԸرѹե
Ԫ̲ס̧ͷ
ܸɴظȥ˵İɣҲ·ģֶץֶӲһԸһԶȥ
Ԫͷá
ò˵̸Ȼݵλ֮ǰĽŲݵĳԹǸᶨľġ룬иҪһֱȥ˲ǣ
ЦЦֶԪ˵ڶ£Ҫǧˡ68磬һǿƣҲ֪ʲôĿˣһдﵽ˽׵ģҪλӸҳһˡȻеҪǣڸƷ׵Ʒʵе٣ǧ翪һȥúýɣһΣҪһˡ
ԪӦá


ϥڵϣһ΢͵ССڶڷɢӯĻٵӿ룬ССڶһ㣬תʱƺٶһݹĿ
ͬʱһ㱡⡣
ԭӦֻһ˴ڵңʱȴһʵӰһ˾ĺ󷽣ִֻϣͷظľ硣
ûܵʲôȴһֱϤϢĸоҲǻЩįģһβûС
һΣеԪʼߣʹҪרעܸԪ˵һ仰ʱʱ̶ܸ̿ܵԪĴڣѾӰľҲȹˡ
ĺܿ
Ȼٿ£аͬʱ򣬾ʹͬ
һΣҹ
ЩϵƣʱһԪʱ䣬ɾȣȻôãʱ졣
ϽһԼڵ״ȴ֣ÿһܺá
Ϊе۵¹תжϣ»ܼͣȥ
ܿΪʲôͷԪЦЦǼɡ
Ԫ˵á


237 ǶʦͽĹ
ȫĳʽͶѵ, ľĲͬЧ̫ˡ
һΣһʱ䣬ҹҹ, ʹ;żΪƣͣһͣҲԺܿѪ, ٴγ
ԼҲһԭ, ȷǰܳΪûêµƯ
ʱϵͳҲʱʱ̿ŵģϵͳԪҲͬһ飬ϵͳԪ, Ͳһ¡
ȽΨģе鶼ͬ롣
ʱϵͳ˵ͬ飬ʵϲû̫Ϥ, ϵͳĸоͣڡܡϣ֮ҪʱӪʹͬϵͳͬ飬ȴҲ޷˲бȥȻȻģ겻̣͸Ƿݹ¶
֪ϵͳһֱ, Ҳûеõο塣
ľȹ̣ʵҲ
ǰˣҲᣬֻô࣬̾ܳʱ䲻ϵ, δǿѡʽʼֻһҵʱ䣬ڼ仹÷ķչ, ºܶ, ľǲһ͵ġ
ؾͲͬˡ
׬һ, а飬־ľϵǵ¶ҲûˣȻܳȵȫͶ뵽ȥҪһʱһ£ó˽һڶʲôˣ»Լһβ̵ʱ䡣
ȻˣҲ˵ê㡢οͷǵǰˣܶʱ˿ԣ֮Ҳδزԡֻ˵ˣɱϾǰ·ϻģҲа£֮ȱһΪǿҪԪͲͬˣԪݿɶ࣬ϵͳͬл飩֪ǰˣֱӰѺͰȱˣ˻飬ԪְǼˡˣβơ
ԺЦЦ̧ĸͷԴԪ
ԪӦһ
˵ʱͦˣǳȥߡ
ԪִӦһ
ţȴûһ˿糱ˮһȥһиˣһԡ
绹ȴ
˸ס
磺
Ҳ֪ǷǾۣԪԽԽճˡ

չصʱлճתģʱϻв٣һ˳׵ıһβǶһƷ
Ҳͦ˲ģһһ
ˡ
Ҳ⣬ȻħвǸɵ
ڶλô󽱵ģȻҲչǰͺԪõͨȫ¡ʵϣǳϻ鵽ױģͳͳᱻͨ
Ϊһε۷壬ƷԵʣȻⱦҲúܶĽһ£ɸֻ֪˳鵽һ׺ûд󽱵ģǸĻԶѡ
ǣɵԣֱӰ͸Ǳ޵Ĺˬ
ˣڸպϷϳ

ˬڸ̫Ǽ˺ѲСȺһȺ˽ںϵԺҲûʲô͸ɴرչˡ
ǰԣܹˬ֮ǰ˸ȾߡزµθڣԺҲȥһ£׬ײ׬ظ˵Ǯϻˡֻϧ鵽ĶҲֻòģĶƷ׵ǿ˵ͲôˡʣµС룬ЩԴĻ񾳽硪Ҳչصԭ
ǸܱͦQͽܡ
ˬˡ
Ҳôһûµؾͳϻӣⷽʦ𻨵Ǯࡣ
Ȼڳ鵽˴󽱡

ˬصʱ򣬸ճͿͽܻԾڶ䡣
Ҳǹģ̷˹ˬҲ֪ôֳŵһŤֳһֱȽϻε״̬ӲŤ˹ˬǰ
˸߲ңʦҸ׼
Ҫͽע̬Ĺˬ
˲ܶ໰˺
ûԼҭסʦ𣬸߸˵ڶͣͳСɵĺģƵĶôһҡ
һȻ죬һɴ
ˬ˵Լͷ°ȫ
µǣ޴ӰǰͶ¡ĶȻһܾ޴Ĺסˣ
ŹӲͦԶĵطǴͽܵĽл
ʦʦأ
ˬڶ
զզʹӲһȦӣٴ빬֮ļз죬ǰˡ
ˬŻԣָָԶľ޴󹬵ʲôǰĿյ㹻ôĹܷŵ£
գգۣʦûӵſ֪ͨҳϻ鵽İ
ˬ֮ǰſʲôϢҪţû֡һ˵ʹſ壬ͨ档
鵽Ʒ
Եͷôģ֮ǰǾ仰ظһ飺͸ʦ
ˬһ
ЦסˬӣֱӰקţʦ쿴ϲϲһ;رʺʦ𣡡
ˬ⧲ؾͱȥȥԺŷ֣ղžſڿյشֱܷǴ滹һյģҺùأзǶϣҪȻ͵ɽȥˣ
⻹ص㡣
ˬǲҪͽܵĶģȴͽһ߽һߣܿͿ˹ڲΧСԺһӭҡҷֳ鵽⣡
ױƵһָһָʦһƬɽ˵ʦչʱΪֵģϲֲ
ˬ໰
ֲͬ԰һ𣬾ܾ
ֻϧ
ˬʦģԶҲղɵͽܡ

翴ˮĹˬһԲʮֲԸǸԼҲ֪ǵڼΪʦͽЦ
Ԫ˽֪ЦǺֱӳһʹ֭ݵߡ
˳ƺһڣԼĸԣˬֲ԰
Ԫ˵ǵġ
п˵ôɫıôһͽܵ͸ʦ𣬾ȻܰʦıҲǾ˹
Ԫ˵ԸԸɡ
룬Ԫ˵е
Ȼ˵ò˵⹬Լ۱൱ˡ
⹬ʵͦģԪһµʱһ5ҵķżеһʱǺˣһЩ󷨽֮ĻǺι̵תţûתҲȱѣ𻵵Ĳȫֻϡ
һ룬ƷҲھˡ
ȷ⹬עҪʱ丯֣ȻǲÿûԺԪ˲ϾͲָֻȽϺÿˡȻܱжΪƷҪΪ󷨺ͽƣҲΪЩ⣬ܹһ塪ȹǿȫԿס綥ǿߵĹ
˵⹬Ǹһһڹǣ˭õ˭ͻԿͷֻҪð˭ҲôˡԳӸô£Ҳͦõġ
룺ûģû뵽ô࣬ˬˣû߻ԡҲǾþɵһ°ɡڹˬҲõ챻ĺʿһˣеĴڡϸ룬ʲôҲ֪°⹬͸ˬТТģҲ˵ΪڤڤеԤУܱʦĺöȲؾ͸ˣرǸܵˡ
Ѿˡ


238 Ӱ׽棩
ʦͽġӰ, ԥԪױϷ붼㡱浵׼ΪܶԺġʻ䡱Ҳ֪ܾԺȻһľ뵡, ǸʱͿԸܶһá¼Ӱعһˡ
ԪҲԥ㡱
, ͷԪ˵ŪӰɡ
Ԫһ˼˼ͷ
Ȼͷ֣ԼԪһ˽լ, ʮˬ, վլӵм䡣
Ԫ, ڲһ¡
ʱ䣬Եɳٿһأ¶ǽڣͬһʱ̣ǽϿһ, ͨһռ䡣
Ԫļ磬һ߽Ǹռ䡣
Ǹռ䣬һǳķ䡣
˷ͨ, ĵطǶĸߴӣÿһӶǷŵ, иС, еǿհ׵, еּ
ԪߵһŹǰ
ӭĵһ, дһ֣
5-ħв, ˬͻԣӰ¼
һʱˣôһͦˡ
Ԫ˵һ
簴Ļˡ
ʱ䣬Ǹӵžͱ͸ģ˺ܶĴָӣͬһʱ̣Ӱˡ
һľͷӣüӲаڷľͷϣӷŴ˺ܶ࣬ÿһȭͷô涼ƮŲͬС֡
ϸһǿϣС־дšƷˬһм̵˵
ЦˣԪܵ
ȷʵǷǳܵܶܶԺļ϶ǷǳǳӴģһЩԶǰĶ붼̼ˣҲȥ﷭ңʵûʲô˼ô洢ĵطͲͬˣܱ洢Ķ˼ģ̵˵ܸʲô˵ʲôͼ䣬һ㿪Ͳǻع˴ǰȤļ䣬һոµڴУǱȵԼҪ˼
ţԪִ翴˿Ѿ¼Ӱ
˵пģٳ֮ȽܰһĻٱ˵Ϊ˾Ժ̫ܣſϹ޵òһĻ˵׺ͽ謺׬ͽϱһĻ˵謺Ϯ׺˴謺ǸʹһȵһĻ
֮ʾ˼ġйпġйġпɼֵģͳͳԪ¼ˣȴ˵ĺʷ
һһ󣬸˵ضԪһڡ
ԪЦҲȸԾƵġ
˵ĸˡ

ӰŪԺԪ߳ȥ˽լɳһ
ţ뿪˽լص
һ㣬ΪרԵʣе˺ܾˣһֱǵĻǲ֪ûзʲô¡
ۿپʣ²ңʱҲ̫ˡ


ԭԶǵķѧϰع飬ǾѸٵš
ԪֱӳڿɳϣҲʱˣߵǸԵԱߣѼ䴫˵ԪϵͳʶԷֳݣҪʲô䣬ֱӾȫ֪ˡԪУȻû̫ƵģʵϺ޲ÿһʶϣְޱֳʶȥеתѾ̫ˣҪֳʶȥӪͲ̫⡣ǸɴģĻҲĻһٱԪԼֳһʶƣҲӳ١ˡ
ֺ󣬻мع顣
֪һ£е㾪ȣǸߴŸտʼ
ⶼȥһ˰ɣȻſʼȻ֪ڹԺŻʽʼδ˵ʱҲ̫ˡ
ͬʱӻļ֪羣ϻҲ룬˶ԲμǸûʲôȤȴõ˴볡ƱһҵһǵݣƱλǰ棬λͦҰҲͦõء
粻ʧЦҸȥʶ
Ԫ˵ߣΪѪѶߣַܶ࣬Ҳܶࡣ
ͷҶ£˵׼һųǡ
Ҫпʵ̫鲻׵Ĵ󽱣ǾͰһ£ǿһ׳ʾϻд󽱵ġòˣʵǿһʱ̵𣬿϶ҲԸͣǾͲ绹ó齱ķʽ÷㣬͸׽ܵ㡣
Ԫ˼ͨ
һЦѳɱķҲȥ
Ԫá
֮ҲҪӦĹأһ5Ŀ۵ģֻƷչļ۸5000ҶѡҲҪɱۡ
ֵӦ11000ҡ
°ͣͷҾ͸Ҹ˵⽱ƷҴӺϻ濪ģ͵ֻ1000ҡԪ˵©ˡ
Ԫ˵ġ
ͬһʱ̣һͨС
п˵ſϵõµϢǵĿ磬鵽һƷĳ׹
أЦеͳԼֻͨһ롣
ԺǱ˽ͨˡ
磬绹أ
еͨûرã鵽˹
ԣǸƷģϻӣһǺϻ鵽ģ׬ˡ
ҳ鵽ĶʣҺԪȥ㸨ҩˣҸǷַ֡ˣپܾҾˡǰѸҩǮֲʲô¡û鼸ξͳ鵽ˣãҲûôǮ
Уô˵ˣСʱԺɡ
ܿǾͶ˵ˣҵ绰ԪЦҾ֪Ҹ粻˼Ҫʲô˵ģϽѸҩһ䣬ǻ֮ǰϽ㶨
Ԫ˵á
ƷôϵͳߣѹǲҪ绹ȥҵġԪܿҳҪĸҩеĸҩԼͶǰ
ҩġȻҲԪ
Ԫָ㣬ǰһ⣬͸ҩȫ棬ֻ˼ӵʱ䣬Ǿͻһ𣬿ٵһЩʣɺɫѸɢͬһʱ̣еҩҺ໥ãǷʲôķӦһŷŽɫâҩ֭
ɴֻۣԪղһ൱ֱһصɰ棬ǳˡ
ԪǱߵ»ûָ꣬һ㣬ٴδڳͷͳֻ͸ĴƿӣһĶʱ䣬ҩ֭ǱпƵһΪֱŽɫĹâֱֻƿֲһӵʱ䣬ֻƿӶˡ
ĴָɵƯ
Ԫâ΢
Ȼֻƿ˲輸ϣϷһزʵƿĽɫҺ壬ڹߵ£΢ҡΣÿһҡΣŹĹ⡣

ߴ
صϯ
ϵһ߽˵绰ֹҶϵ绰󣬱е죬Ҳ֪Ǹ˻Ρ
ֵλǺ;һģҲһֱעžϣϢŹֵ߻תͷȥСʣôˣ
ҲСظȿſ֪ͨ
ֲۼٻ岢ˣͫȻ˲ջأСнˣ
ϵͷе㸴ӣ˵ǽȥѳ͸ˡ


239 ͳ
һ㶡
ʵϤһƷ, ΪԼ;϶кܴôֻΪļ۸ܰڵľֱȽϵͣòôǮѡȻҲڸȾ߾ȫ׬һ, ɱϾȥԽ, ֻʵв, ôܹܵķҲ̫࣬ϼҲ, ҪϸġһЩôĶ, ȻҲֻȿˡ
ڷ鵽ʱֻΪˣҲûҪѳռΪУûҪ͸;ϡ
һʱ, ֵҲ
Ͽֵ飬ļ磬˵СӾ˵˵ĻͲջȥ, ոֱ҆, Ҿܾ
ҡͷǶ
ЦЦȥ׼ҩˣ˵˸ҩǳǮʲô˵ˣҲû취ˣ̫, ϽʵҺҲܵ, ͷȥй, һݺõɡ
ָһ, ҲεЦЦֻˡ
Ϊͻһ, ĴϺֶû̫˼ȥˡҲڸȾܳʱԵʣĳڣֻм¶ıǰһЩ˴ҲȥģҲƽƽǵע⡣
һĴ˲ûи˹ຮѣܿ쿪صСסǴ
ȥ󣬾öЦϺֵûɵغرǾϣЩҲż۲ͣһμʱþϾã֮ǰһ㡣
ϰ룬ѵΪܵѳ͸ˣΪжô˵ģҲǲܣϾιΣҲĺܸжܵôΪ롢ںֻںˣԼܾÿǷ˶ԷҲܲ˵ġ
ǿ
͸ÿʱһԪڳ˱ǵķѾ洫˳һ˲˼
ĳʱֲ֪ڼио̸ͬԼⷽϣԪԶˡ
Ȼû취ȻǸɱ֣ȴҲĲóգʹ˽ʵ˵Ǳȥ̣ϵθɡ
ʱƿӣһһһһϺֻһ
ϺʶؽסȻȷʵظܵƿӵиʮɣǳġ
ǵͷһƿװŵǽɫҺ壬ˮ⵴ʱ򣬻ܷһЩǹƵСߣ൱
ϣС磬óģ
綫ˣһԱߵɳϣʹش𣺡ԡ
֮ǰѾˣҲû˵ʲôл˵ҩ˶٣
ʹ죺һǧٷҡ
Ͽˣҩûô˰ɣ
һָ˰ڣһųֱܹҲһǮҩѣһǧ෨Ѿܹˡ
Ҳǣʵʲôҩ
ЦŰѸҩƶû
ֳſ˶һ£ȷʵۡ
ü˵˸ҩҲǮ˵Ͳ
ʧЦ˵ͷֱӰѷת硣
磬˼ǡͶǮˣ
ЦЦͬƲһġ
Ȼӣˡ
ʵȻ֪ģӦ֪Ҳֻװģһˡ
ϵͷ
Щ˼
ֵ˵ôҺԪ
ϽͣһʱѾ˵ˣʱϲ绹Ԫġж˸ܣͬ˸Ľ֤Ҳÿ˵һ顣
ʾ⣺Ҳԡ˵ЦˣҺԪ治ٰһء
æ֣ãá
ȻȻع⣬綣˵磬磬ҩҺԪģⷽУҩЧǺǿõʱҪСġ
Ԫôӳָ߳һ̲ˣʱ粹ÿη10mlͿˣڼʵһףÿοԷ50ml
總ͣô¶ôˡ
ϺֵȻϸţݼԺ󣬶ЦŴӦ
ţȥԪ˲ˣϺְںꡣ
һѸΧһϣܰؾ
ϲգЦЦţȻ˲Ҫʱʱ̿һ𣬿żôһۣҲǺԲġ
ԪһӲˣŽ
ˡ

ߴһֱʮ죬ʱ򣬲پ͵β
ڼ䣬羡ÿ춼ҲʱԪһȥϿоϰţλҲͦġϣûţȴƼСܡһԵͦãкڣλҲһģרҵֱ豸ڸ¼߶ǹˣνҵзչ
ΪСܺæҲûһȻæǻͦĵģҲûʲôҪעˡɵżߣ΢΢ףǷʵɲԵʣ̬ǰҪһ㡪ǿģΪעһ㡣
ڴ󣬹ٷ˸佱
ʱ˵ǰһģݾͬͬıΪƷ
ۿˣҲ˽ģڰ佱ʱרһԴ½˽ƷƷã˵Ļ
ȻеĿǶԣЩƷԶԶﲻ𺳵õġ
Ϻֶ΢Цعơ
ԪҲòϡ
һȥÿһ콱ܵõһ󻶺
纬ЦЩϵԤǿߣͦõģڿһʮλʱ΢΢һ
ӡе죿
е죬Ӧ¹ӡˣֻǺ̫࣬ӡˡ
ġòȵġ˭أ
룬ˣͷСԪ˵ԪλǷѧɣ
ԪͷΪ͵ģ˵ľѪܲһЩľ֮ģľйصԱȽȫ棬Ҳԡ
ˣ˵ǱȽϾԶĻˡ
Aʱ򣬵ϵŮѧר־Ը߰æλѧﱨɨλѧ΢šص󣬸ѳ˷ѧȥţһۿ˼ңŮ񻹹ȥ׹ţҲ˼ѧ΢š
ûעⷽˣţҲûû׷˼ңʱĵӦҲ׷޹ûϷ˵ġԼҲ΢ŵģѹûŹŮѧ㣬Ҳ̸û󡪡ԴԪԪһʣͬͬ͹úĽʲôģȫûС
ˣǸ֮ԵлСޱòڹϯĳһ֮ԵԳ΢΢һ⣬ʲôûˡ
ڷҲÿ춼ҲûıԪϵͳ˵ˣٹ۲죬Ҳܴſһѡ


240 ɣ
ľ, Ҳ⣬ܿܿһͨ˶ѣȫѵ, Ҳܿܿһ, ܲ, ܳΪһܹѵ˶
粢ûϻ̫, һ֪, ҲˡʱȤĻǲμӴǵʵһѾ˶׵ǿ, ǰѹֺ˵ģкܴĽռ, ׶мĿܡһЩУҲкܴһڳһɴ˿ɼ, һǿҲǲϲ, ȫʵڲϵŸ߷ʵǡ
һУҲ벻λѾΪп˵Ŭ, ȻҲ벻Լǵ֧֡
, ͦ˵ġ
ʵ˵ǰ, ΪѺͰ˵ԵʣǰǵԼĹģǰǸûʲô, ֻǹȥһֶѡ
ܹ󲽷չ, Ĺڴ󲽷չ, Ϊ֮ȻΪеתôԼĹأɶԹƫȴ֮СƫӦڵϣĿǰ粻ҪƫзչúܺãǵȻǸõġ
һԵԪȻ֣˫ֽա
ͬһʱ䣬ʼǲ⣬ҲһӵƵģһοֺһ顣
Ȼоů⣬ͷԪգգۣЦЦ
ԪӣҲϵЦ⡣
Ҳֻиϵͳ̸ʱŻصĸоɡ

ѧԪȥһѧУ
Ҳۼʼһѧǰľ۲͡ǲŶѣһʱ㱶仯úܿ죬ǵ仯Ҳܿ죬Ϊᶼ¼һϵǱͨĴѧæµһЩ
СܣĺĺæĴĴֱҪһЩϡһЩ¼ʲôģǰˡҲǰܵࡣ
ţ񣬱ԼûʲôȴѾΪѰžߣƽʱڹ֮࣬ҲȥæԼ˵ΪܹԺı仯վȽŸŽûġ㣬ָȺͽȵĽȵܵһᣬԺܹ취Ѱ£аʱˡ
ܣǼұ͸ϵܽܣԼͬûѣͲסи谮Ĵ磬һоҵĽ㣬ҩĹ϶ǺĵģûʲôҲǿеرʵƾһ֮תԼӡ󣬸λϴĹϵҲõͦöԼȫھרĸذֵһЩҲ취㵽һЩоĺöҲҪάλϴ֮ĹϵҪȥ˽Ӵ
Ԫ͸˵ˣѹûϹڿΣʱ䶼ǶҲʲôģһ飬ֻżԼȥˣÿ⡣
ˣһˣҪؾһȻͦ׵ģҲֻгտѧʱˡ
ǴҲûȱϯضˣԼ׼ĸʳģζζĺ
ͬʱ
ԪЩǵô֮£ȥ˳
С
Ѷһ졣
бɨһۣǼֶﰢԪһٷ
СֺõƣЦ˵ⲻԪϴ̫Ƕ˺ü£ܳſѧһ٣ϴͱ˰ɡ
ţǴźüɹģʱҲ˵ȷʵպðҽרһģʱҲȲԪϴⲻǲ𡭡
ܸǼüŪ۵ģԲסԲסٺ١
ദҲһˣǡࡱҲ֪ԪʵԶǵ󣬿Ƕ˵ԸҲһ˽ģ֪ǲЩС£ԣϴҵĸȷʵһֱദ
Ҳȷʵûܽ⣬⼸˸ʳȫǴõģĲֶûˣֻҪԪһ¶ѡټ֪ԪǸѧ˲ã⣬ԪĵһˣԪܶӴҲǻ£ǲͬУҲܷḻһԪľҲɡ
̴Ȥ˼ԺЦָ˼һ£ߵ˳ȥԪ׼ɾ̵ȡ
Ԫ΢
糯ЦЦȻû˵Ȼǣ㡣
Ԫ˲ãԴӸѿʼӴǾúʵġһ̣ͷӿһϲõϲõģкܶһʱ̣ϲ
˶Ĭ
Ԫӿ⿵ٶȣó;ߺͳȥʹһʰ輸ʰˣԪҲŪ˼ˣȥѲ˶˳ʹʢʢơƵĿơơ֭ĵֱ֭Ԫһˣ˳
ֵһٷ


241 ֪ͨ
ʽ˼, ͺԪһУٴûȡǵж
һأ׼пһµĹܡ
ùܽڵ̯ܡ
е㲻Ͻ, Ͻ˵, Ӧý˽̹ܲŶԡ
֮ǰԪ, Ҫ΢һشٽѣҲǿƷеĽ
, һڲõʱġ

еĿ׬һƱǮֻһǮ󡪡ǸԼ//ԴǳϻһʱĳҲû̫໨, һָٵķչ״̬
Ҫ˵Ŀǰʲôź, ӹ, ǳ鵽һЩмֵʱòƷȻ, вֿ̳ϽйһЩվÿƷǡ˼ġҪ͵, Ҳȷѹ˲ڸԵ
ںܶ˼ҪôЩƷʱ, ͻȻ䣬һη֪ͨ
ǿ֪ͨݺ, һ㶡
֪ͨλյ֪ͨʱ, Կͨ[˽], صΪʯءÿ10ÿƽ/м㣨ʱ˵̷ͬ趨˲ɡ˿ɳ׼µƷ, ҲɳԭӹƷʳˮȡһӦƷҪи첢ƷףƷ⣩, ΪƷɵôһɡ
֪ͨʮ죨ʱ˵ͬ󽫽δͻ, һο[עɵ˴]뿪̹ܵĿ׼һλӭСǧοͣʱΪ죻ڶλӭǧοͣʱΪ졣λһ죬ڼȥ̵Ŀ⣬޷У뼱ƷĿʮɽס
һ㿪[עɵ˴]ͿԷһοͽϸ˵
һοͽ˻ڶһȡңл˽̽ס
һο͵ʵĽ¡
һο޷˺пˣпҲ˺һο͡
һο뿪кʧȥем䣬ټ
һο͵˳۸ʱλͬп˲͸¶ݡ
һοڻʱֻܽһΣһ뿪޷ٴν롣
һοͿп˳ͬһ硣
˵˺ܶ࣬ûп˶ͬοͽе£Ҳû˵һο뿪кԶСҲ˵еĿԸ⣬ҲһοһſǷչΪԼһġõпˡ

Ԫ֪ͨ°ͣԼĴ⡣
룬ٹ˶ùȺһƬʯϣӦþͻֺܶ˽ˣУҲͻмӡ
˽̳۵Ʒ׺¡ǵȻΪҪո߶Ʒ
ԽǸ߶˵ƷռԽΪ߼ǳǻȡԴҲȵͼ̫ˣʹǽеʱʵԽΪСҲܱȵͼĿ˸컻ȡǰԴӶٵǿʵǵʵ㹻ߵʱ߼ƷռСôǾѸٵػõԴǸʱǻʲôȥѼԴѸƷݵȥأᵼ罻Ƶ½ġ
ټҪʵλҪķҲǼӴԸ׺µƷ޶ͷĸ߼ƷȻҪƵġϾǸ˵޶ôܽ޶أǽëٽë³´лأӷֵ
糯ԪϿԼúܵˡ
ԪҲ˼ֻҪһͻ泩
һ
ͻȻ뵽ʲô˵мչˣ̵ȻǲܿŵģЩ˵ñ֤ʱʱк׬ڱǣţʱһֱûôȥĹȺӦҲˡ
˵ĹȺǱϪˮǳƬĽֱڣҲֻһӾӡǻԪסҲ˵ڲסլĿˣһҲûС
ʵҲ֣ϾܹһҪ100ңӴһѪסʮĺӺѹ⣬Ŀ˿¶ѹɽ󡪡¸Ⱦ߻׬˺üĿˣǵǮҲҪƻʹáǵȷе׬ǮΪʲôԭ򣬲ŻҪﰲһǵõſҲһ꣬ô̵ʱӦûûôǸ㡣
˵ڻп⣬Ϊǵ̣ססеĿԼҪæܻøְ࿴꣬˼ȻæǱضûʱܶŸ˭ҪųȥҲпܲǳȥʱһ乬ңôʱͿֱӽ빬Ϣп˵ǡ
뵽תͷʣԪǸܲƷ
Ԫ˵ԣ˵Ļ˵ĻǲͬģʱѵķҲͬ
°ͣʵҲһҪеĿӶԸ˸ʵҲѡһԼĻҪǸˣ򼸸ҲСļ۸϶̫ˣһŸֵܼⷿӦҲ࣬˵ܸٵȻһ£Ҽǵǰп˳۹ߣ֮ǰûʲôҪڲֿ˵ǣԱʲôˡ
ߵʵ̫
Ȳ˵Ҷ۵ĸое죬Ҫԭǣ߶Ƿ´޿ԭµģԱȫﲻʲôͷĿģǳʶˣʶˣǱ𣿶ΪϵͳԼͨʱۣҲվһߵġĴڣҲĴڣеȻǱܵųߣ̹ˣɾͲˡ
ҲûãƷǿԴеģҪпҪԱҲðչǡ
ҡҡͷȥ˼ЩǼ֮ǰǸ⣺˰Ԫ˵Ļ׶ʲôλģ
Ԫʵؽ𣺡Ǹ˱˼ܹͨûôģÿһ۳Ҫ1000ң۳Ļֻͨ飬ֻлжûκʵԡҪûӵǿҪ⸶Ǯ
۾һԱҪʲôʵһ߻ɱ1000Ҫۼ۾ͷɡ
ãѣ۸Ĳ̫ߣǿܸԼ˼빵ͨİֱǰȫַ㣬ûиõˡƾڵңҲȻܹ𡭡ǸʱÿһԪͿԶ1000ˡ
˵ԪƷİѻϼˡ

֮æʱ򣬸пǿ֪ͨҲ˸Ե뷨
ܶ˼ƷôĿˡвͬյĿˣ˽̵ĹܸܶȤ
ţǸ׼׼


242 ԪعĴ
̹ȡ
ҲڲжԴڲֶɽȡܻĶﻹڵϵĶ
Ϊط, Ǵ׹еزأԪعһԺ󣬾ͰӪ, ȷܹɳչ
Ԫع˽ǰɱȾ׬Ǯ, ̹ҲûõռرóһƬֲԶкôҩ, ĿľܰѶǻøӷ׳ЩȷЧ, ڵõܲٿĹƳ, Ҳռ, Ūǲֵҩġ
Щȥ, ̹ĶǲûоιøˣչıƷ, ĹŶ෬о˺ܶĸƷ
˿, κԪعӲ죬Ѹٵؿ֪ͨ
ͬһʱ䣬¶֮е顪ڸյõſ, Ͳ²һлῪŸǣĿǰ˶ô, ҲǺܺġ
ԪعҲû뵽ĵط, ͱ磬û뵽Сһοֻ͡, ϸҲ, ڵĿ˶Ƕ, ûൽܴճֵļеĵزʱп˿˽ϰ壬һοͲǹмˡ
ҲϢκܿԪعߣ¡
Ԫع֣˽̣Ҫһ˼ţ˵ùŪһϵжŶ趾ƵȣõĴǻ̹ȵĲϣͨ˺ߵ嶼кô֪ͨ˽̿ӹƷöΪ㣬ͬҩЧͬƷʵķֳͬļ۸رǼʱ䡭
Ԫع˽ÿƽ10/죬۸Ȼƽʱ˲ֻ࣬Ҫһƽ׵СͿˣܸڳһܷСӵĿռ䡣ΪսģעдοӿеĻʱٶ׼һϲϣڳӼɡ
κϸԪعĻҲͬҵµġ
г֮ʵѾſϵļܲ鿴Ʒõչ١кٿеĳۼ۸ǴﵽٵģҲз
һǿӣ۳۸ԵУʹҪֳɣлǿиüɵռ䣬һֻƷõģҲܻرˡ࣬ͳͳ׬ġ
˽̺Ҳǿϸˮ׬ȡҵġ
⵱Ȼǿ˱Ȳá
κ˵£֮⣬ʱȥп˽Ϊã
Ԫع˼˵ԽԽãɣȰŹŵڴ˴׼õĶʳģȥռа˽ҩĲժá׵һͬǰУ˽̵ۡ趨
κһҵҪԼһȥȻǸӦǡ
ţ˾ͷͷ£Դȥˡ
κΪԪعĸڵλֻԪعԲһ㣬ԪعΪ·㣬κҲҪһ㡣
ˣκ£ȻҲʮַ㡣
һ׼죬̶̴ʱ䣬Ѿ׼òˡ

ڷ֪ͨ󣬾ͺܹע¼ķչ
Ҳһʱط֣еʯϣѾһЩ˵ĴߣƺѰһʵġܿӵĵط
Ϊټ󳡵֮ǰûӣӶ˾ͻȻγɼУɼҪô滮ȫûеġ
֮ȫеĿԼôŪˡе㸴ӣһٸ˾һٸ˼ᣬض޷ͳһҲ˵ʯϵĸӻһʲôӡ
ǹεġ
ȹ滮ˣǱȻжֳԼϲķǾ̫ͳһˡô磬Ӧÿķ񶼲һۼɵмеӡ
ǰԼһЩȪݡе̵ȵȣȫԼϲķ񣬾Ͱųˡʯ磬ҲÿǡҰɵؾۼʲôӡ
ԺοԺ¿˵ʱһļУŻһۼصĸо
룬ɴԪԼҲʯϡ
Χ߹䣬ƺҲѰһʵĵط
ʱдǰͦε꣬һ߹
ҲǱ߿ȥһ֮£ЦŴ˸к֣Ҳˣֶκͷ⣬κ֡
ԭһ꣬ԼݽύǸĹѣԪعһһκ裬ȥʶˡ
Ԫعܾû磬ʱҲѵĸоͬЦݣ߽˵֣Ҳ˽Ѱַô
ͷ˵ȷʵǡ˵䣬ֽߵˣλҵİԪǶѾˡ
Ԫعһ㶣æ˵ϲλ
ͨ·ʱ򣬵һԽģԪعԼ˶֪ʶһԽɰµģȻҲͲỹ˽ĸ緢ϲġšԪԼİ£Ԫعɲ֪ǵһԣϾһԺĿ˶ûͨġ
Ц˵Ҳúܻϲ
κͬʾ˹ϲ
統ȻҲͬл⡣
ǹѡַģʶʶϸ˵Ҳ㲻Ϸǳ죬ֻ˵ǱȽϺõѡڿʲôӵľ飬ȻҲ˴ϸۡ
΢Ѽ仰ߵ˾ͷɢˡ
ԪұߣԪعκȥߡ
߶һξŸԪ˵ˣҲ߿ΡȻӪҸ羭Ӫ㿴ô
Ҿϱǿ˾ģеҲвٺö߿СͦãԺҪлᷢչøǿȻҲǸõġҪǷչһ㣬Ҳ͵ոӡؼǣÿԴո֣Ҳøʵһ㡣
Ԫͷԡ
뷨һ˳֡
ͦõġ
˵ֿʼӵķ
룺ҾÿԽҸ磬ơӣҪǻҵĻҹŶҪôƽƽִӻ̣ҪôƽƽĹŴӻ̣ûʲô˼
ԪЦ⣺á
һߣԪعκҲķ
Ԫع˵Ѿ˵⣬ⲿڷΣڲǹ֮ءӦҴ׹Ҳʮݻֵȳִ˵ϲûĵʳӣҡӵĸΪ׵˶٣ߣ㿴˽ȡʲôָã
κ赱ȻҲǾĽظҵὨ飺Ҵ治̫ݻȷסǼջʱ󣬵ǿԸһЩҲעĿ˽֮ԴΪʱο͡¿ǰ֪Ҵ׹棬ö֮ҲҴˡ
Ԫع˼ţ΢΢˵ͷҲá

½գһ
ΪѾമŹΣڴһεļ۸ҲߣЩʱ˽Ĳ㣬ͻǻһġ
°ͣ˵ѵп˽̵Ļᣬ룬һҪһֵġ½磬ô


243 ǵĴ
½ûὨ, ʵ񲮸ô˵
ջش𣺡˵ģʹ۵Ʒ˶൫ԲֱȽټݡָͷĿǰҵռ, кüҩ͵ͼҩõСֿ˸, ֻ̬Ʋ, ҩЧƹ, ͻõҩҩȣħǼ綼Ƶֲ, ܽ󣬲Һкϸóݵˡ
½ֲ, ȫֻ׵ģҼƷƷ
½˼˼
иչһƷ50, Ʒ120, ۵ʱƷ100ϣƷ300, мĲһࡣ
½ʣ˵˶𣿡
룺ƷĶ100Ʒ200250
½ͷѾúȫˡҪ⼸ݵҩߵҩ֮඼ôܴ󣬶ЩʺͼߣȻҲܴ, ЩݵҩʦҲһҪ֡Ķ۱бһЩһܲ۲ܴ, һ㹻, ͽʡʷҡĿǰרע⼸, ׬ͷС, ȥˣ׬ķҲһСĿ
ҵʵĺȫԸ̶ļӦݣЩ̶ҲҪ⼸ݵģΪмزڳһЩڹĶǵ£ȻЩ̼Ҹɿ
ʵ֮ǰҲ񽲽ˣǸ½һĽԼеԵʣ½ķԼ׵޼Ժ͸ˡ
ƤգգۣҲô˵˵ڵ̲úܴ󣬷ʱռȥժµ˽ֻҪʮ߼Ͳˡ
½ЦЦҲá
ֺʣ½磬㲻ѾʦǲҲᣬ￪ꣿ
½ףѾʦˣҶʦҲͬġοͽеǼԽ֮ǰͽֵķһ۸ԾŻݣֻǳˡ߼ҲһЩƷʶ۳ļ۸ҲбˡҲһһѡʵĺṩͬ
΢΢ƫͷ¾˽
½һЦţ϶̸һ̸ġ
ȻԼһȥ˽ѡַ
Ļѡ˽̻ڱȽϽӽĵطϾֱͬ˵ƷҪݵĿδزҪҲһġ

ڽյ֪ͨʱ̫Ǽд衣
λȻǺæģǶԼʵ׷ȴԲɣͱæ̫ǼʱѾڼϣɵͻһеϰǾӪһԼռ䣬߰姼ҶսϣҲͻȥ̫Ǽˡ
˾ͻύһΣΪǵʵ࣬˴˵սҲ࣬Ǳ˴˵дԾԼڵĽ̶ȡǱ˴ĬҲõĶ֣˭ҲϺȣǿҵľʶԼи
ͬһʱ̣˸ܵſ𶯡
ݱûͣ£ǸɴٴüغϣŻһУ׷׳ˣһεд衣
ţٻſ֪ͨݡ

˷ӦʱԪûȥʯй䡣
統ʱķӦҸԪ¶Ի
Ԫã˵ĬҪǵˣ
š
˵ԺòҲһɣ
Ҳܺá
ܺȷʵܺã涼ͦģǸое΢
ʱԪѵû˼һʺš
ӲҲ˵΢

˵̫Ǽϡ
̫Ǽ֪ͨüͷ˽̣
˼ҵȥӡ
̫Ǽһ٣뵽ʲôЦʣۣ
ϴЦ⣬ͷ˵ԡ
˼ǺģǸһ׵ռ䣬˴Ƭ黨治ϲۣΪԴܳ㣬ѸٵطϢѵģԽԽࡣһֱͲȱǮռһֱ黨ҲһֱȺ󡭡
Ⱥζŷۺͷʽ࣬ټƷҲڲϵߣһʼƵĶ׷ۣһ׵ģѾмٲֵƳ׵ˣ۵ļֵҲǽڽȻ۸ҲǿԵģٶۣжȫչɶ˵ȫ۸еĻͦġ
Ʒۣÿһչ300ңۼ600ңһƷۣÿһչ350ңۼ1300ңƷۣÿһչ1250ңۼ2500ҡ
⻹۵ļ۸ͬһƷķʽͲ۽չˣۡÿһļ۸ͬͬƷ۵ļ۸
ǣ1Ʒʽչ=1Ʒ۵չ=300ҡ
Ҳǲģ㲻ȱǮҲ뵽ԺʵԽҪǮԽ࣬Ȼ;ÿǸĴˡ
ҲǵһעƷƷˡ
˵ϼܵĻ׼һǸˬ뾫ϸ㲢ܣƽ׾͹ˣһŰĦΣǶʽСĲͬƷۡûװ۵ĴﻷҾͿԲˣúܡ
̫ǼһЦޣϸá
Ͽ姼Ҳ˽̣
̫Ǽ̹Ȼ˵ȻҪģӻ̡
ȻҪƷ࣬姼ұĳܲһŵľͲһţռλӡ
ӻ̾ͲˣǴ齱ϻõƷǴãֻԼгģӻˡ
ϵͷȻҪͿһɡ
̫ǼЦҲд⡣
ϲͬǣѳǱҪģ̫ǼµǸкüפǺġ
ҪⷿӵĿˣֻǡⷿӣǸֱðһá

ûʲôȤģߡ
Ҳ˵ȫûȤɣȤ㲻ھӪϣҲʲôزѵҪץֻƩЩ޺Ůļ壬иòŮģҼ˵Ǻѹ
ס
뵽ʱٿȻһĶ
ܿ죬Ķͱˡ
Ϊ뵽ÿŮͬȻҲҪɸѡץҪѵ˼϶٣Һ˾뵽鸱鷳֮СĿǰھļ϶м©úõģǸȥ˻ˮıҪ𣿾׬ǮԼ۱Ҳʵǵһ㣬©
Զݵ˼󣬳߼֮У׷˲뵽˽̵Ļȥ
ⲻó£ڿǾ۳ļ΢ͺΪ˵ȥһ䣬Դʲôġ
ӦҲһֲɡ
ڻ
߶ԼǿôϺʵԵĻأȻԸ⻨ǮѻϾɺùԼ


244 ǵĴ㣨ޣ
⻹һЩ̺ܸȤˡ

˵ʥ
ӵбľƳ, ԼʵܸߣǵƷˮƶ˵ȴ׾ٵ¡֮ǰг˲ٵƷľƣֻƷʼ߻ľˮ۸Ż΢һ, ʵе۵ġҲףĺö̫ˣҲóľ, Ʒʼ, ۳ļ۸ȴڵǸͬƷʵľˮܶ࡭
, ʱ۶ƷʾˮĲ, ż䷽ľˮ, Ҳһֱ˼, Ҫô󻯡
ֱڣﶨһ˽̡
ʱ׸ô, ȫƳһЩƷʲҲˮ׼ϵĵͼˮ, ۸ȻǱг۵Ʒʵͺֱܶ࣬۸ʱչҪ߲٣һͿ׬еĲˡ
뵽, ¶, ҪѸȥ׼ľˮ, ٽʼʱһӣ졣ȻٿǷ˽̡

˵ŮŮԷ衣
ڸȾ߻ǳ˱ģȻʮַŭ׻ԴӵǻԺһֱ˳˳ˮ̬, һ˸սСʱĽС΢
, ڵ֪˽̻ʱ, ȻǾҪеĲҲŪһ
ԷԼĵȼܵͣãӵкܶ߼綼ӵеƷ
ĸĸ
Է￪һĸӡ
ĸۿñ˵ͺãгʱ3һţչ1ңô2Ҿͺá
ȻĸĿޣҪֹӷ¸ǲеģҪ취ȡģֲ

4İͨ˲;Ҫ￪һˮˡȺóľϹܶӶãǻóƹƣĸ־ˮҲáЩˮò󣬵ζ൱Ҳ㹻Щƹˡ
ȻľƻǺƣͨȺѾ˼ʮʷ˵ﻹ˭ںϳǣôֻԺٿУߵȺʷƾõĺȺˡ

׺ˡ
ʵԼʲôز뵽ҲǸвһ˽̣ȻͿһӻ̣һЩҪƷ壬һЩֱӳ۸лȽϳԿƷˡ
еˡ
ͽأĸͽܸܶϹɻ
ȻˣףͽСͽܶҪΨǸͽܣ˵ⷽе㽨

糬ħʿľ鹫졣
ʱİھ֮ɭھĸĴ׳֦ϣΧΧʮ̬ӯľ飬ΧľϣҲšվššźֻܶ顣
ÿһֻ鶼ӵױȵòŮ͸һУ͸ʣɾִ⡣Ĵ۾𾴵İ칫峺ɤ֪ͨҲ֪Կ˽̵¡
ͷɫУŴĹ⣬һݵ
ǣ˵Ҫȥ𣿡
ܶྫ鱻ԪػţƮڰԣ˵Ż
ȥѽ˼
Ҳȥ𣿡
˵һкܿµĹǶǸ𣿡
еʲôأħ̵ڰμ￴˵ϲħ̵
ȥĵʲôأȥ
ǿǣ಻ǺܿѾܿˣ˵˺ܶ࣬᲻£
Ҳȥѽ
ЩǵҲΪʹǻﻰһȺСߴߴûʲô𣬿Ҳ̫ˣЩʱ򣬶·ǲͬӵӺһƵģ˷ˡ
ҡ˫ȣȾǶ˵˻¶һõЦݣһѡΪһȥ档ҽ￪һС꣬Ǿ֮ɭˮǾĸԪˮǾħƷĵ˵ǵľɣǿħƷǻԱ֯ħۣľݡţǳ۵Ʒһ鶼ϲȵԺҪеľ鶼ȥ翴һ
鹫ĻеľĻ
ҪŹһȥ翴һ
ҪȥҪȥ
һһҪȡһȥ
ҲҪҲҪȥ
ԶԶģھʥſڣվžŮʹ˾
ֻ鿴ֵ龰ﶼһ˿ů⡣
˾ڣɤͶţŮ£ˣδͨһƬްѪ⣬֮ȴҲһƬΪδȻΣգȴעῪǡڣҷֹ˸ıˡ
Ůؿ˾
˾һŰЦݣ˶ʱճϣ˵Ĵ޷ٽɵѡԺˣһ貵Ľ⡣
Ů˵ˣҵĴ˾ҲİǵŮԶЦݡķ羰˾ԺҲҪ㣬һǵİ챣ݻ
˾Ů΢΢ɫĳļͷ΢ʡ
ҵı¡

򿴵֪ͨＸ̾ʹ˹â
ХХ쿴ſ
ХԭһǴһͷ޴Ұʬ壬ĺٻſݡ
ٿͻȻΪʲôôˡ
ε˵Хǿ̰ɡ
Х˼ԺԵ͵ʱͲ۸ˣԼ
ͷסļҪʱԺҵҲﲻʲôæǵӿԺҾͿԿˣÿæʱҾӣ㲻æǾͻؼң˵òã
ХΪԺů֣صصͷ˵á
ܾԼеûá
ԭԸǿҰޣÿȥлǮֻɻХȥڸȾĻʱɰﲻæŸХͬģȴĸȥϻХĺȡ
ǻХŬԻХۣЩʡ
ڣ˽̳ˡ
Ҳ֮ء
ͻХԿһ꣬ȻǻХƴͿԹӣСҶ׬㷨ˡ
ȻǻХǶԵظлеĳ֡еĳָıԭˣûٱɢô
ȻһʼͻХΪǸһڣǸΪ鹩ȡǵʹͣʱƣǾ֪ôˡ
дǵģ翵࣬ҲŷС
ԵģһٻǶϡ


245 һ˽
óյĿ, ׼￪СݣһЩɰĲˡƳɵʳеֻģСԵġֻпҩ, ŵ޵, ġ֮ҲǶֶˡ
ؿȻԶ׼, ȴΪ˱Ƿ, ʼûпȥÿ˾׼ʲô
˿̵ԪϺһ

ҲһѵôܴϢա
ҲͿ֪ͨ, ֲ˫ɳ, ָָ輸õһiPadʲô, ѡõƹصáĻԼˤ򡣵ȱҲ٣źŵǿͲԱءɫѡ񲻶ࡢˮܼȡ
籧۸Ԫһ𣬳˳ӵĶ, ؿڣ磬Ҹ粻￪ӰɣiPadר
Цŵ˵ͷϸ˵ڻУûʲôԴ, ￪ӿⲻ̫, Ŀǰܶʱ䶼ƹŴģҲûʲôֻŸɴiPadе涼صӰеصӾ磬еݳ, еʲôСƷϼġָָһԵֽ, ȫMP3, ҲǹӴģȫ˸ָҲдֵġˣϸ籾׼ĳأ룬Ҳиһ£ЩŪŵĴʱ
ü٣еͦĵİȷиʱһܸ㳤ʱ뵽⣬˿Ԫü㿴ģİɣԪ
Ԫ˼ͷ
գգۣǡ
ʵҲ֪Ԫ϶ѡ˵бзңܵĴڣ˵Щǰϵͳµļ䣬ʵִɹͬ¡Ҳ뵽ˣܾ˵ġײɡ
ֱ˵˵˵žͷԪ֮ġüĿ顱ʧЦ
˵ˣͷȥߴ٣磬أ
ЦЦ˵⣬ǻȿ飬ҪǿԵĻҲŪƵӰԺĵطֻһӰֻҪһأֻҪ˹࣬һӳӦҲ׬ġ
룬ֵ̯ûɵѡƬӡҾû԰ȥ¼ķ飬ҪɫģҲڵӰԺȥЩͼĿû̫ǮԽ磬֪ķ飬ͿԻһǮӰԺǾô
ϱʾͬͦá
Ҳò֮ҾͰȥ¼
һȷ˴ʲôƷ
ۿһοʹģʱѾûˣǾղײգ;һȥȰӸ
һοͽǰҲȿţ͵ˮˡ

һĿڽС
еʯطǳٿȥѰַܿ͸⼸˳ĳӵ˹ȥ
絹⣬֪ʲô
˵ǱôôΧۣͻȻӦڴˣ
˵Ҳȥɡ
磦Ԫá
ܿ죬ҲŴȥˡ
ʯصұߣһǳĽεض𣬴ӿʼɽֻ˶̶̼Ӷѡ
ǽֳԲ״ͨɫֱڶʮң߶ȲףӦеʵģΪʸǿңһЩС͵װҲǳпƼУһִ˵δС
⽨ǰ棬վһߴˣϴŨҵѪϢӲҲΪӲֲǼ⵶һķУǺܳȵġ

һ۾ϳˡ
pǸù1쾡ÿˣ̲סӼǰ׺Ȼ֮Ҫƽأñӵеע
˵ģǵһѡַģȴǶҲϵģľ磬С
ƷҪǸֻˡ
Ԫ˧̵û̫У۲΢ֳһЩ˼۲Ŀǰ飬ټͳŵģٶԾʺ˽⣬Ѹٵ뵽ʵƷ
ûˡսˡûˡˡȫܻˡκһҪģ׼һЩƷΪڵǼ2ԵʣȨҲߣĻˣսҲܴﵽףAIƣڲжؽѷʽҲǿ˵Դ壬ɶһЩȽϵ͵Ŀ˶ԣȴһַǳõƷˡ

Բ˳ɺ·޷һȻһ壬κο϶ҲҲʲôط
ͷ˵Χۣɺܹϣ΢΢̧ͷ˵š
ʱ䣬ԲϻȻһѷ죬ȻѷԶǿ¶߰˸ͬʱġ֮һĻš
ͬһʱ̣еĻԲĽϻ2Ǽһ۴
Ͳ̫Ṇ̀еĸо
ͦ쾵ĸʵġ
˵ʽʼӪҵӭλڲιۡ
˵ȽˡԲŲûйϡ
Բ˶ô˵ˣ󣬾кüһУ׼̵ڲ졣
һõ˽̣ȻǷǳעĿģҲ뿴һڳз˵ҪŪʲôӡ
缸Ҳ⣬ӹ󣬶Цݺͺ棬˽ȥ
Բռ仹ͦģٶƽףȻһЩ̳˵ʲôһǮһҪ͵ǧ෨ңĲС
⽨ڲռ䣬򱻷ֳ˺ü֡
ԲεġǽڡҲǽʸеɲǽϴɣǽкܶ͸ĸӣÿһ涼һˣ̬ΣʹεģҲȻͷߣʵ
ЩǰϣеĻдǸԵ;ЩǼõģЩս͵ģЩǱ͵ġȫһ
ȥÿһǽϣ˶ռš
Ҳ˵ʲôˣǵ߶ס
⣬кܶС͵ĻܣڷڲͬĸϵĲҲɫŻؿߵƷȫٿض
һкֻܶۻεƷҲǺƸеĽƷЩʵǿͷųֵĶһΣգԶɷֵĹ
ڶõһЩֵĲϣǴ󲿷ֳһжҡצӡǡһЩֺ֯ͷȡԳ壬ҲǲǼزˡ壬ӵиֲͬܣΪʹãҲΪҩģкܶôһоֵ
ڷŵȴǺܶ࣬Եе룬Ƕǳ⣬Ǿ޶һࡣζԣӪֵҲԣеĻɴвͬôһǱŵıʿǵġ
ĸʱ򣬷ŵľһЩĳʬ壬о޴׳ֱʶϣΪɲ㣬ÿһкü
һֱתչֳͬġˡ


246 ˽̷׷׽
ĿǰڳĿҪôһЩáŴ, ҪôԱȽϵͼִ磬ȻûпôصĳģΪеĴ, صĶȥ, , ҲֻȤ, һѡ
ĸҲڿһ
Ƕڵͼִģҵǳ, ܶƻƬ涼൱ĹδĻ룬2ǼŪδƼ, Ŵ¶ͺǸǾʡҪ˵Ϻ֣ŪϷкܶǹδƻƵģֱȦչ, ԲƻƬ㡣
翴һȦ, 磬Ҿÿ򼸸ڻ, 硣ȻѾ˲, ǵʵȽ, ҾڿŲ, ҲѱԺ᲻ᱻûл˿ɿ
ЦЦҲ˼
žֵϬˣڿװǿʵﵽ׵ıڻʱ˲ͶĶˡؼ, ļ۸Ҳ̫, ֻ䱾ʵﵽ, ۵ļ۸1800, ݱھƫĸͬҲ2100ҡѡһЩǿЩֱ۸񣬱˵ļʮҾͿˣҲԴﵽһǧȻһʹã乥ҲǴﵽһ۷׵ġ
˵һ˷֡ţȻڻ˵ķӦӦúܿ죬˫ȭѵ֣ԼϻҪһЩܷĶһΧԶֵڻһʱ䡣
һЦҲôáʱǲȱǮѸװáſţԳһΡ
ϵͷ
ٿƷһعĦ
˵ʵڵģϺֶЩȫãҳ˱ڻ⣬һЩ˺ˡǼ˵ȻǷڱϺѾͬˣǾҪ˾ȥģܸİ칫ҵȵط࣬ͿԷֹ˽İ칫ңǱ඼С
磬ûҪˡ
֪ԪϵͳĻ˵ҲԵñȽȫܵĻ˸ȤϾӶִ磬ô߼ĻǱȻϲġԪϵͳҪ˵ԣ˵ĸ߼Ҳԡ֮ѾˣҪ˸ʲôԪ᲻˵ġ
ԪǺճ˵ģܶԪϲΪҪҸ˻ǲǽԪͶǽиԪӡС
Ԫ뷨ûʲôϣһЦɿ
СԺľãԼԽԽһиġ顣

һĿæſ߿ƼƷʱҲ׷סֲݡ
쾿ֱ̫꣬ˣ˵ĴڸլĸıŵĴ඼ԸȽԲĿˣȥԺĳЩֿˣ¶׷ȿ˷Լġ򡱣Ͻ򼸸˻ȥ
һҵ꣬ۿɼģض𱬡

ƷǼ߳š
мҲˣĿǰǾøϽԼĵŪҪ˾ã⼸˾ͦģ㿪ÿǽҲһˡ
ǣ̤żͼĳյϣٿһεض
ǵ̵ǲԼĪҲ׼ҲƽһСӡⷿӿԲľʯͷϴɵģ۵ǽ϶׺һЩϵֲֳһֱȽҰķ顣
缸ȥ
ֻСӵڲҲǺصһ䣬ǳƽʯͷֺʲôĲʡʯͷذһͷܴҰޣнףҲ׶ӣѷڿڲλáǰѺġźƤСӣŷǽһ࣬ǰĲ־һܴʯֱ̨Ӷǰʯ̨кüۣʯ̨ʯϻ͸źüӼ֮ģҲһֺҰԵĸо
˵̰ɡ
ϵͷӦǡ
ӺܹҰĸоֻװκͲôʣԵЩⲻ͸г̲𣿻ǱȽϺһ̣ΪôӶûУ˸ط̯ġ
ϳվһûСᡣ
Сῴװ׾ӣǱȽڵĿ֮һˣԭʼõſڲͦãСӶˣԵķͦõġ̶ǶС˵ͦʣϾһҰ޷ֿܵõķҸ࣬ȻСӪ̤̤ʵʵġ
ͷԾ˵磬ҿ㲻ʲôӵӦòҲ˵㣬ҪҪʱҾÿԸϰһˣȰЩžһҲỵ㼰ʱѻ߾ͲӰ졣
ͬǸ취һͷٿ
ЦЦˡ
ʵã粻ХǴɶٽףλҲ׵ġϾ̫ԣⲿŵҪ̯Ӵ󣬶Ա˵Դ϶ӿ
Щ˽̡ʵЩͼġҪԴĿ˵ǷǳѺõˡ
ֹСضԪ˵ԺȱʱҲԵ򡣡
Ԫϵף֪ˡ
˵ʡһһ㣬ڼԼӡ
Ԫϣţ֪ˡ
һԵľϺֶһۣ֪ǺЦǾùӾ͸ô¡
ϣҲһ
֣ţá

ХķҲкüӳ֡
ԶԶؿ󣬾ϻ뵽ιҪѸΧ˿Ժ󣬲ѡһط׼Լӿ
˼˵ҪӴڶʮƽңΪ䡣ָʾ⣬ѡĵطһɡ
⻰һ䣬ھָǸطѸ΢΢𶯣ܿһǳͨġûκװεëôεضˡ
Ǹεģһۿȥ֪䣬ǰֱһš
æ˵ұǸС䲻Ҫš
һ룬ұߵʧˣߵŻǴڵġ
žһ仰ëҲѸٵطɱ仯Ǿÿ˵һ䣬ѸٸӦܾȷ
翴˿ǰġëȻ˿Ԫ֪ȻԪڸվһƵģʵǰġװޡȫԪֻڣʹԪıһֻڸһӸϹ䣬Ҫ˽̣ԪԶ
գգۺ̲סԪ˵
[ԪЩࣿ]
[ࡣ]
[ͬʱüӵʱࣿ]
[ࡣ]
[]
[š]
Ϊ˽µ⼸ޣԪˣǱ߷ӵɵþ͸ˣȫǾ׼裬ûа㲻Ͼĵط
˽̾ۿɼٶȷ˼ı仯ܹ˲ʱ䣬⡰װޡһ£ȫھϵ˽̣Ҳʹ˽ɹ


247 οݹ
˽ۿִͨСӰ, ϷĵŵǡǾ˽ӰԺ
ԺԵĶƸкǿľܡͬľܵϷнıǩֱд[Ӱ][Ӱ][ϲӰ][յӰ][ƻõӰ][Ӿ][Ӿ][ִżӾ][Ӿ][ŴżӾ][龰Ӿ][ٶƬ][Ѫ][ŷ綯][Ķ][][][][ƻõ][][õ][ִƵ]
ǩϵԺȫ͵ͬiPad, ӽ֮, ͻűذڷڸľϡ
ұ߿ǽĵطһţϷȽϾɵص˽˷ӳҡ, ƿ, ͿԿһ䱻õ൱ʵСӰˡ
ǺʵȴĲɳ, һȥͻȥҲǵЩ˲ӦҲмӲʵĺƤɳµذڷšӲɳɳ֮仹и߽ŵԲ輸, ڷһЩˮ͵ġ
ЩɳԵǽ, 涼Ļ, ҲǽиۡǾи, һUSBȥ, ͿѡͶŵĻȥ, ǹۿ
ӳﲻ͸⣬ȴʺϲŵӰĵطӾҲԣ
¿ڲ, Ҳ˸ðڻʱ
ϽеʱͰiPadŽ˴ﻷݣЩiPadֽͳǰĵϡ
Ȼ, óһ[Ӱ], ڷŵͬǩľȥ
ЦЦҲȥְæ
統ȻҲԱ߸ɿ, һԪ, Ҳ߸˵һȥڻˡƽʱƷϼ, Ԫ֡һɡһʵʵԼ֣оǱвͬ

Ϊ˿ͷԵʣļʱпӵģȫӡȿıȽһ㣬ٵע㣬ѡַʱø֮䴩Ŀռ䲻ǣ
󣬲ͬӻʯϣӵ̫࣬ϿҲģγɵЧңһصС
ʱ֪ͨġӴһο͵ӣҲ١

翴ԼӴķԪ͸Сǧο͹ˣȻǱǿ涼ͦģɸѡĹòŸϴһˡ
ԪȻǵãϴΪ貹Ϊ˱֤οͶԸ⸶/ԸɸѡķΧкܴ޶˵Ǳǿҵġϸ޴۵ԸҪǸǲüǰᡣ
˼ǣֱѯοǷԸһΣ
ͷԸֱ룬ԸԹһֱÿСǧһǧοΪֹҲȫǰᣬ߾ͲˡһСǧôˣڼһҲղһǧǵ
ԪӦá
˵һʮСǧ磬ʮĸǧ磬ʽ㹻ʮСǧȫɣһһǧҲѡԺǧοҲһʮĸȫ룬ÿһٸ룬ųߣԸľԹ
ԪɴӦá
룬һ£ˣϴСǧЩοųڻ˵ᵽ߸Ҫ㣬Ҳˡ
ԪٴӦá
˵ЩֲһЩϸڣ˸ԪһЦ𴲣Ͱ˵ʽʼɡ֪ͨѿʼľʱ䣬Ҳǰʱ򷴶û
Ԫӵס磺á

ڶ죬ԪĻ
ԪĴ𴲸׼緹
һ⣬ϴһ
ʱԪպöʹӳѷϰںá
չȥԪһڡ
ԪҲϺá
ۣϺá
ǵضĥһСڲǰʼ緹
Ǻʽеġ
Ԫ§磬һеĴ
ɫ˿ʱ䣬պð˵㣬¶һЦԪʼɡ
Ԫͷָᳯǰ

ƬɫеŻ΢΢⣬ڽοǵѡȷϡ
ͬһʱ̣ǰ־͵ˮʯ˽̵ľȫֳ
翴ֱǱддš
ѾɢɢسˡЧʻ߰Ѿο͵ˡ

ʢǸֵĳʥ½ɽÿһȻֻڻܼҵøóߵ;ĩ·ʱֻһλ֮ôʢָǿʢȻֹһʢ˥䣬һûѳ壬һ´ֻǻôѭš
ҲΪѭʢʮλʵۣǡǰλʵǸСĻȻ˥ˣȴڵ޷ȣһĻʵ۱Ƚƽӹ̸ϻҲ˵ΡǰĹɣһĻӼλĶǸˣԳǶܽع۲Щӵܶ೯ĳһϣһδǸɣٳֻˡ
εĴʢиëǾǺɫиëȶȡ
ĺ޶ֻʮĸӵģسĿǰѾһٸͨÿһδѡÿαضʮϵ빬ǻǻʮ꣬ʵġ
λɫӶ࣬ȶڲܶÿϲӣһһ빬Ͷʧ裬ֱӱ䵽ȻһֱгҲеģһƾռ󹬼ı5%
λʢûĵطŮɫǵԼҲѹɫԼǸӢ
ǣȷǳϳױģɼܲסûʲô£´ָܶ඼ǷϻûʲôôϺȡ
˵ڴʢ۵ϰһλڵһ빬޹ʢӣͱΪݹϧڶһͱһλ߷ͷӴ˳ΪԵˣܸʢۼˡ
ݹҲ߷߲ƽûãҲ͵ˣļҲûҪʲôķҲûȱʵ۲ʵ۵ľ˰ɡ
һ峿ãڴߵͻ
ͻȻ䣬һ翵УѯǷԸǰȥһصļУпܵõԸĶ
ݹһѾįܾˣЩ£ɵ׻ûסġ
زһȸԾҲûܿסԼ뷨Ӧˡ
ţݹԸѾ߽ŻգŲ
ԼᴥٿȻǰһССĺɫк˲ʧ

ݹԼվһǳصĴǰ̧ۿȥǰкܶŹֵķݴԼܿЩſվˡЩ˵òеĺеľʹЩŹ֡ǣзֱӴڳһֻӣڷ̽ͷ̽ԡ
ͬʱ΢΢ͣʱϢӿ˽
ݹ΢΢صļԭļУҪﹺҪһǮҡ֪ԼʣʮԼٵ100ˡ
Ŭ侲ٲǰȥ
룬ȻȥǮѵ鷢Ҫô˻ᣬúõعһ俴һġ

ݹƣ׼Ǽҵ꿪ʼ䡣
ɲ䣬۲ƺƳʲôһ˲עȹڣԹֱ̣Ŀĵضȥ
ܿ죬ݹһҹŷСſڡ
ҡڷźܶྫĴ壬ЩݹϤַһעģȴǶڹӺǸɫ񵭵ˡ
ݹضʡʺ£
ʺ£˵۵ļ˸Ʒӣ

ʢ۵ǰȶҪǿλȽбµԪϣĺȶΪһλ޿޵Ļʺ
ʹʺ󲻵ôʢ۵ϲҲûϵûܶҡĵλ
ԣ
绹бȽĵطڣȻҲԺŮԱ𣬵ַ֣ӵĽиľͽӡ
ʺڵһδѡ֮ǰΪģ佫ҳƢԵòϴʢϲã֮ܺʹʢۼ档񲢲ں²ܳ裬Ҳ൱ƽƫ̻κˣҲݺѹκһӡһжչûг˿Ĳ
ݹܳʱŰƹʺ󣬻ʺʱûʲôӦݹΪʺųʧֵĻʺѹɻʺûʲôӦ
ݹӣÿһУͬͬţͬʧ裬ͬǡʺȴʼնǵģһжչء
ݹԺˣǸνĻʵ۷ϣڻʺϡʺ󹬲κθֻҪʺ;Բ󡣶ĻʺǾģҲΪ£ȥʺύֻһʱǸûҶ࿿ˡ
ֻǣô壬ݹҲû뵽ͻʺﲻڶ
ѿڶ˶Է
ȻָϽ˵ݼʺ¡
Ǹһ龲ȴ˵飬̧ۿݹ
ݹԸò˿ȴڶԷƽĿЩ߲ѣҲţʺ¿ɻǵϾѾǶûʽ˵ˡ
꿪ˣԭݹҰæɡ


248 οˮ
ݹҲ֪ô, ʺһԸͻجج߽Ʒӣ̨濪ʼæˡѵñһĵط, , ҲкóʱԳʶģôô˻ʺĻأ
Ȼʱûʲô˹̫˰ɣôվ, е£е㡭еʮֵؽš
ϰһ, ݹƳȥڿĻʺ, ֹ
̧ͷɺƽ
ݹûʲô
顣
ݹ, ĬĬؼĬвͬƷҪʲôλ
ˣˡ
Ͱһʺ, Ϊˡ
ݹûз֣Ǹʵ£˿
ţͼͷ, 顭ݹԼûע⣬ʵϣȴһĸʳ˥ؽĵͰ, лҵĴǡ

ˮֻһͨĴãڴǺܺÿĹ, ʮͻ, Ĺ, ӦǺܻӭģȴǣȫĹＵʣҲûڱ˵̣Ĳǡ
ԭûģֻΪǸ˵Ĺ
ձŮĹŴ磬ˮĸĸȴ䱦ˮĸΪˮԺٲุҲ⣬ûޡ͸游ĸǳˣุĸĸˣҴһԶݹͶ仧ģû˹ܵĸӻĹģôָָ㣬ҲӰԷޡ
ˮʱĸ˲ุ뾡취βʱˮһͬ飬ุһͦģȥˮ˸ͯ򣬲ǮԷ顣ĸˣุҲˣȴุܴͯȥԺţ˶ˣ϶ҪãΪ˵ϸչһҲ˲ǣ˶ˮֻţȸุТڼĶͳ飬ТڽóǮӭȢˮӣָ췢˵ɫ
ٺſнʿع٣Ϊ϶ˮ̫̫ҪôˣҪôڴԼȥΡǲһ㲻ԥؾͰˮˣ̵ô˽
ˮⱲӾûԹ࣬ĸڵʱĸƱĸȥķ֮Ĺ˭Ľ
ȻĽҲû취˼Ҿá
ˮԼҲԼҸǱ̵ֽ׷ΪԼǾܾ˺ܶ˵͡ԷǰҪԷǵŮҲһţԼΪʲô
ϧǣڻѧϰУʲôҲˡ
峿ˮ˶緹ͷš
֮ʱ䣬ڴߴ塣
˵壬ˮһλϹٵĸ׺ܰƷָ߹λϷ˲úʮ٣һϺõͼϣķһаһֱ㲻ԼһҪǳƷУͽ
ͻȻ䣬ˮ㱼ʲô
˵һĵطκҪĶ
ˮʶױ̨ǰСóԼеĻ
ҪôطǲǿһƷ÷΢õһЩҲáŷʵҲףֻҪϹ΢ϣͻ˳ܶࡣҪֻһʶѡ
ôŵʱˮճյǰͻأֵĺɫСС
һ˲ͷ֣ԼȻһصĵط
ǸаɣӲ̫࣬ʮɢڲͬĵطԶĵطгƬΰл㱵룬ѵ˵칬
Щ˴ˮΧ߹ȥͬʱҲкܶණӿȻ龰̧żᶨǰȥ
ܰĻʮ꣬ҲԸġ

Ʒˣӭ˵һˡ
ݹ
ǸСĹܻ󣬵Ҳóʵ˼ңٸķ٣μеӵӣҲǹġ
СˮҲһۿݹʱڿڣǳǳ˿
϶λˣ޹䣡ûôòŮӣ
ˮֿ˿ڹ̨һ꣬ҲϳһλλҲ̫ˣǰλòŮӲɣҲһ㶼ѷɫϻȡ
ݹˮǾ̾ؿԼֿŻʺ󲻶üʣˣҪʲôƷ
ˮعæ˵Ҫͼкʵ𣿡
ݹȻ߰ҲûԿ˰ڼӣֱָָұߵǽڣȥɣͼ˵ʮңһʮ
ˮСȵصͷ߹ȥˡ

ļλˣȻǻ֮עġ
һ۾Ϳ˹װŮֱƷӣˣֱӱæʱ̲סЦˡ
˽̵̼˵ԼԼʶˣȴû뵽ͬһͬһĻʺ͹Ȼû뵽ǣʺֱùӣȻҲʵˡ
һʱ䣬֪ô˵Ĺϵ
ţص·ˣֻһλʺ󡢹ͬһˣǡҪƷǡ
ȻˣֻǡҪƷɺϣҲ羪ȣ羪ȵǣλ˵ɷ򣬸ľص

ǸǸŴ磬¾ܼ򵥣һλкӸպôԽһСϡСĸ˫ɩŰų󣬴ܣһѾĵңǵСӳϲкӴʱڻϣȥԺԼ塢Ǽ˳׬Ǯַ֧顭˳ȥ˴Ϊʦһλ躹޵Ļλƽơ
ôһ׵Ĺ¡

翴ˣˮɷþǹǸʦ
һֱǹ¼ҹ˵ģǹֲܾΪʲô屾Ը˵ֱǹͬλһǻһƵҹǹһֱȵۣΪͬʹࡢ÷ķ˾Ϊλȵ۶
˵Ҳףȵ۲Ǻɫ𣿳ʵΪģǻʮԺԼѹǿˣƽӹһȫ˼˺ͳԺϣҲ˺ܶŹ۵ʱʢ׷ȥڣʢ۾˼ȥˡ
պã嵱ʱƾԼŬΪ˾٣ֻƷɣȴҲʵˣˮȻҲһ˾
һֱܶڵʱ򣬴屾ͬˮһģ;ͻȻ±лȥҲͷ˻ؼңͷԸҶˡ
Ҳʱ򣬴ʢۿˮ
ʱˮѾ˶̵ʳһˮҲ˹˵ӺݹǺ˵ġȻñɫʢ۵һ۾Ϳɫϼѵġ
ʢʱûʲôȴϳǸԸĴӣʢۡʢûʲôڲ٣ȥץˡˮӣˮʢֱˡ
֪׻һʼΪ˶ർ·˱ºˮסŷʵ顣ʱʹ޴ʢۣҲûҾ˼Ҹǹ٣Ȼ躹ޣһֱͽͽĿľҪʢ۱
λ躹޵Ļӡ
ʵǴʢ۵ӣݹ̫įԺҸ͵ġ
ݹֻк뷨ӹ˴ʢۣװǴʢ۵ĺӡݹѲ֪ԼԺڹ棬ȥǰ˻ʺ߶Էʵ飬ʺһֻ˵ˣͺӳһ˼
ʺûô⺢ϥϸ̵

ǱڵĹϵˣ統ȻǾüȾȡ΢ˡ


249 Ĺ
Ȼ, и΢ġ
ݹѲˣʵû
Ͼʾʮ겻ǣ
Ҫվʢʮɫ, ˮҲǸʱģ̵ʱѾ, ʱļٻӲŶʮꡣһ㣬ݹӦٹʮҵʱ򣬿į, һºӶ, ʣµĿʮ
˵, ʵϢ, ġ
ݹԺ, ʬ塱ʰ׵Ժս˽, Ȼ͵ͣ顣۵Ҫðݵİݡüļ, һϵе̣ŻᵽĹ
ʢ۱Ҳط챯һµģκοʡŮɫһ۾û, ǻʺΪԵʶеͬ, Ϲȥ㡣
һ, ʺײڲӹײˡ
һ˵Ƚϲҵĺ, ɻʺǶ, ֲǻʺĴ, ݹڹײץô, һ²һˡǻʺ, ԼѹײĴ, ʿѷ磬ܰݹ˵һյСׯӣڹײķŽȥݹصľż·һ֪
ʺȥׯӣúҩ˲ӣȻˡ
ݹʧ䣡ˣ
ǣʺԼ磬һסѲûˡֻʣ硱ĹѪ£ʾԺûˣҵڶ
ݹȷʵʺ;ͦϤеиУĻʮָж
ٺݹׯסţһֱͦĵģÿλʺͦ˵ؾһָۣʺ¹ѻʺ󵱳׸硣
ǣʺѹûǻȻӱ̵ʮꡢ˳֪躹޵ʱ͸߻ݹûôӹײġʧģӻ͵ȥݹദĸͦ
󣬻ӵǻΪµۣʺ˻̫ݹǹúܿģݹЦȪԺ󣬱ݹͻһĻʺҲˡȻʺʱŸµۣµѹͲȵ׶ӣ׵ݹΪԼҲҪˣۼ˵ɱˡʺʾԼû֪µ۵ŻʺµԼ˭Ҳ֪ˡ
µۣ

Ϊʱ򣬳˳ǣԪ˵ʺʲô룬ԸһͣҾ
ԪҲ룺˼ǧٹ֣Ѳ¡룬ǰ
磺ҲԣҪҾɲñӲƷ˵ǻʵ۵¡
ʺôɻҰģץµ۲ȵ׶ӵѱвµȨƳʲôġûУ̵ǻӵµۣӵǻֱӰֱ̫ǰŸµ࣬ѹͲΪȨ
Ҫ˵ʺҪ̵һӢɫôӣ뼸ʮҲȫһСĽܳһܿİɣҲƫѡҰӡ
գҲֻô£ǡʳ̫ˣÿѭĶǳ񡣻ʺعҵؾе棬ѭˡиҰӣץס£
Ԫ˼һ£пܵġ
ϸ룬
ʺԼһ߼Ĺڴϣټʮʢ۵Ļ򡭡վͱһ֡
Ԫһۡ
ˣôģֻҪкúþӪ׬ǮҴٽķˣľɡ
絽׻ǴԼϵͳ塣
뿴ʺû顣
ˡ

ˮˮվںüͼǰһʱеۡ
⼸ͼõǷʵһٸġͬġ١ɣϸȥÿһġ١֣ɸСġͬġ١ɣν൱ľգÿһÿһҲƾƷ
Ҳһֵ150ҡ
⼸ҪѷɫһЩеɺͼеһЩ綫ٱɽ󣬻еľûһٸġ١ֻ֣һͨͼһ֣ͬɺܶСɡ
ͨģɺͼˣˮĺܶƷҪǿ̫࣬ƷеɺҪԽͼƵģΩΩФ
ˮʵǸͦϻ۵ĹĬĬ˼һѡɺͼ
ԼˣֻʮԻÿһԻȡʮңǡþܰɺͼ
ˮ֪ԼΪʲôôͻȥҲûк⣬ڹŴʮȥҲ̫ˣֻǺźûܸͷϡҲûúʹ࣬ʵǸûõģʱ򣬷Ѿˣ׳꣬ȢһλԷаӡܸô꣬Ѿʮ㡭
Ժˮּᶨضݹ˵ƹɺͼ£Сȥһ˷ңȡ
ݹҲ֪еĶһˬͬ⣺ȥɣʱ
ˮмһЦ첽˳ȥ
ʱݹ̨ꡣ
ĿˮıӰ˼
ݹü£ڿʲô
˵Ϊͬһˡ˵ķһƵĽʿǸ֮ġ
ݹһ㶣ѵǺ󹬵ĸ/𣬻ʺôⶼ֪
Ҳûֻ̫࣬жԻʺֲ˼־η
֮ǾԲҸʺԵġ

粢ûаעϣ࿴۶ۼ䣬Ϊ磬ľͦѪ
ʱƣ̶̼ӹȥдŽοѾмٸѸٽеϢѸٵظЩϢڼʮ˽й
Ҳο͵Ļ֮󻹻ж˽һֱţĿǰĻڼ䣬ܸ㵽пˣͻȿ˽ˮ
ϾڼҲǿģֻÿ˶һķҲ࣬Ǳ˶ˣ˻ء
Ͷˮ羣ڵ˽̡Ǿ˽ӰԺ

Ҳˣһȴ̫ŵĸ߶վ˽̵ſڣֵչֳԼΪ
˿̣˽̵ǰǼȫϢͶ豸Ͷų൱Ӱ񣬲ŵĲǵӰǾϷԸٶ¼ĵ۶5A羰ľɫο͵ġ
Ҳȷ˽̵ſڣۼʮװŮŮҡӵĹӸƺȤ˼ʺ󣬾̧߽˽̣Ҫȥڲ˽˷ӳӰ
ȳȵʷҪһЩľϣǺó˴򽻵ģѸٽ˼̽ܣ⹫Ӹ뵽ڲķӳֱӸ˿϶ġŮݳᡣ
Կʮӣ࿴ĻҪƱˡȻҲԹڲ洢ͬݳiPadͬǿһ򣬾ҪǮˡ

λӸֱۣʮӺȥһʮõٷңȫԼȤiPadˡ
еס
ֿ˿Ӹʣµ
۳ʮܻʮꣿ
˲䶮ˡ
аɣһͨ˵ȷʵͦģûȥҫ⣬Ҳûʲôġ


250 ο͡
ӸϧԼ, һŶʮҵĹϣ۽üҴһǵķ, ൱ԹŴĹԶԵ¶һЩƤ𪣬̬ȡ
󵨴ֱȽĵĹִʵǲټ, չ¶ԼòĶ, ɶڹŴŮ˵ʮټЩǳóչ¶ִλһ, ǿԿ˫кԲͬĵط
Ŵʺܸӣǧַ·Ƿ価һֵò޷չֳķ飬Ҳ˵, һֺصŮζ
һԵ, һ˶ʮ
ûе, Ҳûȥ﷭Ʒ, ôһȥ, õ1250ҡ

翴0ͨ˶һôȻҲǻעһµġ
һע⣬ͷˡ
ȻҲ˲λΪ

ֽн, ֮ʸĹﶼͬΪһλԹŴġһܴ¥Ļ
ѾʮˣȻǿסԼλ, ֪˶ټŬԼͿʮ, Լܸˡɾ, ҲѾٺʹǰһô׷ˣȫ˴󹦷ļ򸻻˻λѾЩ㽿۵Сˡٹ˸꣬ɫ˥ڣǼҲʲôöμ˵ʲôöءҲٶ༸־ˣΪôվҲڵĵλ
ˣһûп˶峿ﵹڴϲһֱ˼Ժȥͬʱյһ룬ǲߵ·ģ¾ͦδ֪ģ˵ʲôħŪģҲҪһԣȻҲʹӦ룬뵽Сرصĵط
֪Լµʮꡣ
һļӶԣʮǺܳˣⳤ٣Բʲôֵҵŵ㣬ĹʹǴҲֻΪ檣Ҫһ֪ķΪȻܶʱ
ޱȽĻǲԸģϷȥҲҡβһΪڼԺʲôˡѵĽŮӣʹ˻ҲֻǸԼѾ䵽˼Ժͱϣܹúõػȥ
ԣ㲻ˣãҲԲȥѰ˼ŻһԼܻʮԼɹˣǣʮȻʮǾԲùģѹػô
Ҳԭ򣬽ԥضһ˶ʮʣʮҪعҵ㹻ӳʱĶҲ̰ģ⵽ʮѵ𣿾ⲻôãܶʮҲǺõģ˶ʮҲٳ˶ʮıƣʲôеģ

翴ŽҲӰԺˣֵƼõ˼iPadеǽܹŴѧӦļԺչǨױݷεȵĵ飬еǺܶصӰƬеһЩھӪĶ

ˣҪͨЩԼıױѧͨǮԺɣλáȻԭҪ̳λõģҲѾŬһжؾӪܰѼԺ쵽ЩղܵɣһͰɣǲһģǰǿԷ⣬ͱȽϱϥˣᱻǰԼĶͳȲòȥɡ
Щ󣬽úõִǶװȻʼƵ˽й䣬׼ңѰҶԼĺö
ûãϵһ«Ʒ͵ۡ
۵ȼٵҲۣΪһṳ̂еͨˣֵȼ۶ЧǾѵģ԰ڵصһζû취һΡԷһҵԺ͸˼ˣԼܻȥֱܹ꣬ôõķۡȼķҲܱˣһξ㹻úüˣ⵽С
ţ˹˽̣һЩԱ˵ġյʥƷһЩŴġȻ޹ЧõױƷܶڹ͢زѹһӲĶ÷һȴܱˣ׶һ١ҲĶһ˲١
ﻹ˼һȹ
ЩȹʲôһȻʽͬȹӣ½ڵ磬ֵͽĲдƷ
дƷΪˣҲдûϵдֻǴﲻı׼ûʲôĹܣɵΪȹ۳ͨȹǿԹһģҲ࣬ʽãź˵ġЧһͺܻ
⡭˲˽ע
ŹţҾûˡ
ǻһЩҪһȥô꣬Ǹ侲ˣһԼܷӣ׻ûټ
ʹٿһУδ뿪ˡ
ͷЩʣµĶʮ꣬һԻ£Ϊʷ϶Ҫһʵķ⻨
һҲ׷һˡ

գۼͻص˼ԺڴϣߣǺüﹺ򵽵Ķȴеشš
˿¶һȻЦݡ
һжģá
֪ҲǴǰǸˡ
ڼԺ󣬰Լһ顢µױݡµĽòǰİ˷ʮ֣ʸӶˡ
ٴγڼԺͻʱ޹䣬ˡ

ͽһòĹͦģǮľͲˣˣ绹ǿԷ֣еĹ˵ģһȥһϵӡ
û취Լ۱̫ˡ
ʥƷ̲ģԺܶ˵ǶǿģʲôױƷζȷһţԼõģ
һѾǸ׵ǿˣҲæýŲմء
ϵķ⣬иҲǿ൱
ӡ
ŮԷӡ
Ϊʲôӵ
Ϊģĸ
ĸӵĹӡ
ͼˣ󲿷綼ֹӣܶﷱܶһֲܺӵıܣĿԼӵʱҲ뵽һǴԼԺ󣬿ԸЩĸǻһʲƸ
ȻȻģܶ˶ӡ
˸˵ǣЩӵļ۸ҲߣÿһֻҪ2ң˭Ը⻨һ϶ʮŻȥأ
ֱǴԵһܻöǮģ
ֻǡ
еŹ֡
Щοû濴ӵ˵ĸǿûӵĹӡ˸Ůһ˺ӣ˺һ˺ӡ
ɱû˵ͻȥϹɣ
ҪһԲŮޣǡӺȴûϣοȻᱻҩģǮɣҲðɡҪοֻסҪɷȴûס࣬ɷˡ
ȡ


251 οС̽
ܿû, ֮Ůĸܻ𱬣ҲǺ£ٳɶ࣬ٽ, Ը׬Ǯ
뵽, °͡
ǰ˼ʱš׬ٶǮΪҪϵͳ, ϵͳĹͬƲ, ϵͳˣгĹͬƲ, ֡ͬƲоͦһġ
ϸ˵ҲͬӪġ˾, ı, Ҳ˵ס
ôһ, ͦؿڵġ
һתھͿĻ, һͷ, ܿԼһ, ǶҲϡ
ˡ
, ؿˡ
Ԫ§ŻˣӰ
ͻȻ, оԼؿڱ˲˲, Ȼۿ˿
İĶƺܺã
ԪҲ, ﲻɵô˵Ц⡣
ܺá

¬СһС̽, ڵһ෢ش, ҲԵʣһֱַǳ˽̽/̽Щ顣
ȻȻģ˽̽/̽Ҳĸ硣
¬СشС̽ԱĹ³־Ҫһ̽ȽƫƣûܿϾУֻܽһ˽̽
ȻˣԼҲ֪ԼʵǷȱŬ֮࣬ҲŬԼⷽҷǳһƻ˶ش󰸼ľ̽ѶԷżҲǳעԷϢֻǿϢˣҲúܿϧΪ־̽Ȼɫȴʱ˲ѣǻΪԵʧȥŮѣȻҲÿÿưΪŮѱ𣬿ҲǺܱߵġ
Ϊһʵ˿¬СǺͬżġǸϲС˵ģС˵ǻдҪ˱ǾܻǿʵУҲҪ
¬Сؿżһΰһΰˣᶼ˰ͷȥѪĵòУһŲסҪˡ
һֱţܲʲô취żҪʧȥˣѵżͲ乤֮໹Ҹżܶ౻ֻ˹һֱ壬ǲӦ÷ø¼ҹ˵³ġ
һ죬¬СͻȻյڤڤеʾ˵иطҪĶʱͿЦ룬ѵˣȻҪܰ
ʵϣѹûţΪƽʱ˵̫࣬ԼԲˡ
ȻһһɫСгǰ
¬С۾е㻳ԼǲǾϳ⡣
ģⲻĴŰɣ
Ҳ֪ôã¬Сؾ
һ룬ͳһġдſˡ
¬Сأ
ԲۣǴţ

¬Сǿޱȡ˵ġֵܿߵĵطСšΪ㹻ɼܲס˶డ˷ˣȻвٸķβɣҲкܶȫͬ紩Ƥġħ۵ġŹŴεġδεġһͲ˵ġһcosplayֳ
¬СغѹͲʲôcosġۿһֻǰ߹ȥСɫƤиͷֻһһģβͻΪܾըëˣļҸcosôȽһ˲ըëҿˣȵӰЧ棡
ټ˲任˸طġ𣿶һֱŵĹƬؽĽܣҲԲĻˣûô壡
սսһ¬СĶˣܸˡ
طһܰżסŮѵĺö
Ϊˣʲô
ϾͻȻ֣Ȼѵһģˣ
Ͻ˵ǹˣһʮأ¼ˡ
ڵ¬СأŶʮ꣬ͷûأһԼʣµһܻķңоԼ·һҹȫûʵС
¬С룬ǸżŮ³أǸżһ׽ղأӦÿ򵽵İɣͦ鷳ģһʲǻͦ׹ҵģȻǳ¸װɡ
ǵģû©żΪżҪҲǺΣյġ
¬Сһ룬һ˳Ⱥǰߡ
кܶ಻ͬӣһҼҵؿȥɡ

о仰¬СؾԼǣһӿȥԺ󣬳һ֪Ǹִ翪˽Ȥ⣬ӣȫȤ·ϵˣ
׷ףԲۣƯǰնյĴӹСˣƤǵؾеؾ𣿣δкöˣûиߴȥôĳӣƤȹọ̈˺ﻹèöȥóβͣǸצ𣿶ͷǡ֣첲˺٣ӵúúòӺߡСӺòҪҲǲһľ͸˼׽β𣿣ǸƳΣβͲɣԲ۰β͵ôͻҿףº¡书СӶס˹ЦɶûӶסҲһѡ
¬СԽ߽ŲԽ죬Ҫеȫٰ꣬ȫãȻˣȸżģٸԼĺٺ١
֪䣬ӣԵĿյϡѽ߹ͷˡ
¬Сسǰ˳һƬտĳغ󣬾Ƕһҵĵطֱӹȥһ˰ɡ
Ȼʱ౾տĵطͻȻ˰ɽɽϿһɽ
ֵҲ̫ͻأˣ
ɽſڣкܶʯ̨ÿһʯ̨϶к఼ۣܶѷźܶܶˮеĳɴеĵеһشأ̬ǧٹֵġ
ԭǸˮ̯¬Се棬֮ǰҲ˵Ծ֮ɭĹӣ̬ǺƯģߵĹеĳͦ⣬˼
Ųһգ˼׼ȥЩˮʲôζ
Ȼ¬Сظյʯ̨ǰ²ȴûüϸ۲ʱͻȻ䣬ɽ̽һ˶Դ
һ˲䣬¬Сص˼άǺܻԾġ
ͷôҲô󣬺ó
óðף
ˡ
Ȼ¬Сص۷ףֱͦͦسȥ
ء
˵ϡ

¬Сػ֮󣬵¡¡΢΢š
ɽ棬ҴҵܳһӴ飬ͶŨصĺӰܸʮ¬СصӴŨصĺӰ
¬СǱʶУԵøˡ

¹ˣ
£Ȼ֮ϵͳġ
ؿŰͲ⺣½յĿ˽ɶɵؿһλִ˵ǰԶִɶɾͲ˺ĴչȥλƹİɶɵҪӭӿˣͷ
ɶɵأλ˸պþʶ
ɶɵأ˱Ҳ֪ǱڳѬιȥģǱιȥġ
ҪǱιȥİɡ

¬СصصȻ󣬵صƺԡ
Ŀ˷׷׿ȥͿǵزĿˣԼ֪ɲĽӲɽǰ˶ĿԴ
ǿСģǣĺܽӲ
һôӲ


252 ί
ûнӲܾ, ҲǼӵʱ䣬Ӧˣ¡¡شɽܳ, ӴڻԵ¬С, ͶӰס¬СأҲԵ¬СôС, ԽԵÿ
ĿУдִĿ˶ϳǰұ˵ĵӰӳ廹ҪӴü
ижһ޶סԵӣͷѵض˶С߶ǣˮ, ˭뵽аðͷ, ҪҲιȥ
޶סһƤףҲǸ൱жŮ, ڷǳͬжĻ, ɫ൱԰, ɤҲţ˭˭ء
˸˵⼸䣬ɽ
ܿٴδ߳һͷ޴Ĺ, ̬Ϊ棬ǱӴ, ǾҲԶԶȲ, ͬʱҲǳе, ൱, ֫е, ȴ׳ˡ
Ѹٵ, ׳ʮ׳ȫԺ˿־βŸˡ
ͷûаô˶꣬ܲرִһϳϳأݾ̲סˡ
رǣиΪ٪޼͵ӰԿȤնİ
ۼԼҶá
µѵؿڣǡǲɡ
ö˵һ˻
Ĳǿʱĺа
β̵ذڶǰѾ˰Աߣβ˳Ƶؾ͡ѰͬڰӰ¬СضΧȥˡ
һ룬ɽֹһ磬һͷ޴ﻬҪ˵̬ûаͷģצӺҲٵ˰ͲͷµĿ硱Ȼˣǵļ粢ͬһλãͺáֵ֮ʾһġ
꣺ܳ
ж꣺Ǻ½յİСŻ˰ι
һЩˣͺͬСžţǱ˰ɡ
ЩԹŴûĻǣ֪ǶʲôǿԿͷɢĿֲͬ־塣
Ҳһͬ¬СأǲɵöƵ뷨¬С˾ˣҪʻУͻȻˣԼ߲авͷ滹粻ء

ο½к󣬶Щ˽ĶܸȤĶڶ䣬˵ǷǳҲǳˡţԶͻȻͻأس˺ܸߴĹȻ͸˸ο͵ע⡣
ڽʱοǾͶԼյϢףе˽ƹԲͬģδһǸһ飬пģԼȫͬģҲܻһЩҰ֮ࡣʲôƷֵ飬Բοǳ֣κε˺
ΪʲôǱ߾ͳƵģ
ӣ˶Ǳߴӵȥ
ʯصȷܴ˽̺˽֮Ҳȷʵ˴ɹͨеĵ·οǵˣҪͬһطȥǵοΪǻӵµģ˲Ҫӵ
ûǵο˵ͷ־ܴ˶ڳǰƶȴѹûжסµĵͻȻ˷Ƶģôеο͡
οһɣĵطˣֱ³ɡǸȺҲۼǱȥôֲ޴ͷҲ벻עͷˡ

ͬʱͷȴôеβ
ڿӹɵİԴΪеĿ˺󣬾ûԼжô˲ˣֻϽץסǵʵòͨһʱŬΪ˸Ⱥ쵱ġʹ˺ܶ˻ܱġʳǲժ˴Ľˮûڼ䵽￪ȴ
Լί
Щһο֪ǧٹֵģôᱻιȥֻд˰ſ¶˾˵ԱʱһҪе΢Цôôӣô͵ˣǲಡвȥúβƷȸԼһΰʲôҪ۸
úֻܿţܵģòΪĹİɣҪ˾Ͳˣʱ䲻Ͱæ
ôţ̲סίسϵ¬Сض࿴һۡ
Զ
οָָ㣺
ȥǲڿǸǣ
ǸûѣҿѲˡ
һƢõģòһɴǸǸһ˰ɣ
Ӧòڣطģ˵˾Ͳˡİɡ
ǰô𣿡
ǲֱӸȦסˣ
ǲ۵ɶ
˵أǸ˵һѾء

ʵϣίͷצˡ
ǵܵģ˭֪һκͻᷢأҲǹҪβͰ˸ȦסôһŵģϾܶοͶڲԶ⿴أҪǰβֱͦͦȥǶ಻ò
ſվһǸֻͽۣ¶Ҫô죬ܲοεɽǰ
̫ˣϲͨĿʱĿһ2İͱͬҪϺܶࡣ
һ͸ôֲķΧŵЧ

ˮǰ翴һĻЩ˵൱
ޱͲ治¹ʰеסˣԪʯЩ·󣬽ſʵԪͷʱԵС𣿡
Ԫͷԡ
һЦǾͳˡ

ɽǰ
ͷ翶ãŮҲףɫ
Ƕ֮
[ϢʱǻᷢԼСΪ˱οɸֻŵʱԱ仯뿪еʱ򣬾ͻָڱ仯ʱǲظеš]
ͷŬ֮˼
[һ¹ʣǲĵģвͷǰ׶Կһ˺ˮΪ]
ͷˣҲ˿
ûʲôȻҪ͵ˮȥˮĵϵǣժͿժһѣһһ㣬ͺá

ǣڶοͻڿ/۵ʱ򣬾ͷ׷׷֣ͷϡĵǵľ޴ҲڻС
ֻ˼ӵʱ䣬ÿһͷֻʣһ׸ߣ׳ҡȻ㲻̫СɶһЩͨ˵Ѿ̫ѹˡ
οǷ׷׾ȻСˣ棡
ţһ¬Сصϡ
һӣ¬СصƤˣһӣѹˡ
οһ󾪺
¬СأԼߴŵġͷô͵Ŀ

¬Сػû״ʱͼͷͷȴ˺ܶԼϴ˵ġԱҧһӵˮݸ
¬Сأ
Ȼ˵ˣģã㡣


253 ˵
¬С, ¬Сһ±ơ
˺𣬰Ϊʲô˵
ҧſֵ˵ݣôƵģ, ȥ
ҲΪҧӵԵʣ˵ʱ˱ɫĳƻ, ¬СصͷϣͷƤе㷢顣
¬Сսսرסӣ̫̫ˡ
ʵû״, ղֲװ, УΪʲô˵

Ϊ¬Сˡ⳥Ǳ߾ͷ, СѾ»صɽǰһվһʯ̨ǰʼˮ
ʣ
ģӡ
ˡ磬⻰Ҳһ, , ˵ͨģ󰼲õģС
ղһʳȥе㲻ģּһ䣺۸ֱʡô, д, дڡ
ʯ̨, ˡ
ֻĿİͰͣݻǺģ
οֱԽԽ𾪡ģͷ/˵ǵΪʲô˵
ҪҲˣһЩģֻҪֻѾɾ˵˻Ȼϡ档Ŵ˵ĹŴ硢дϻ޵硢Ǽ磬Ҳв˿⡣ִͨ磬صʶ𾪣ɲһǰġ

¬Сش㶵رſ±Ƶġ
źܶ˵ϸǷӦ
ʱһŮһͣŵˣûµģǰλרˮƹ̬飬ԸҲºͣ˺˵ġ
¬Сľګתͷ
˵ǸźµĹúƯ˿̻Ƥգգۣˮζܲģ۸Ҳˣкܶ඼вͬãա̲塢ʣԿ֪ˡѸո¬СػԹȥ¶һ顣
¬Сﰲһ㣬ֹʣǡǿô˵
¹һȻӦڴһЦԭλ˻ǲݣ˺ǣȻ˵ˡ
¬Сһͣôһͣûʲôֵġ
æллĽ˵Ȼһţ֪Ŀࡣ
¹üģûʲôǵĻǲҵġ
¬Сأ
¹ЦЦû˵ʲôԱж⻯ǲݺοͣѾΧǹ￪ʼˡ
ԭҲһӵƹ𣿡
ģܴܲҹȥ
ǲݹ󲻹ʲôﶼܳ𣿡
ô⿪ӵİ
¹Աߣиźɫ꣬ڹﱻΧ޴ʱҲ֪ʲôͰѰΧȦ򿪸ӣǹ뿪ˡ
οһȤľͷ׷׸˹ȥ
ˣպ½档
ҲϹ˽˲ֻûܹеıҡе㽾ȴĹھ֮;ͿԸ˰æʱǲĴֵġһٿ˹㲻״ʱȥǽ˵ǵ¬СȻͷԣҲԸ˵һ˵
ڻǲݵ¡ֻ¬Сǡʵ˳ڻشֻû뵽ģҲ˵Ǻкñȥ˲⡣

ʱ¬СҲƽˡ
ѺоԼǻص˼䣬еգоԼ̫СˣֱѸɨΧûһɣĵһǱȥʵȥһңĶŪֺ󣬸ϽصԼȥɡ

һС粨ܿƽϢվˮǰ»ֵָ龰¶һĨЦݡ
ܶӿյҩĵ꣬ǳŻǲȥģǱûʵϻǲܰ/ǣǮˣƷݣһļ۸й450ϣñм۸һЩҲҪ400ҵġ
ضĶǰʵƷģϾƷԽߵԽûʲôǰ£ֱ׬Ǯ˳Ե£һıóһġ
е飬ο1Զһ50ңһο1Զһ30ңο1Զһ20ҡȵ´λʱҲһãΪ»ػɸѡһ£ֻĽµοͣҲͶοͣǵΪ1껻ȡ10ң͸еĿ˶һûʲôͬˡ
˵ĶһûʲôıˣȽɣǺǰЩοһ50/㡣ҪΪƷĳ棬˵ĿͱȽ٣ɱάԭٽչҲ˵ҲǼٵģʹٽչҲ̫棬òżˡ
³Żǲȥģ׵οͣܶһĴﵽ50/꣬ɰһö˵Ĳݣǻûôݳ˷ѵġյﲢֻֻõݣкܶԺܱȴҩЧߵģŽѸתĿ꣬˴ʵ⡣
ȻҲȫû򻯹ǲݡ
ҲһЩƷ׵͵缶𲻵͵ģֵ࣬һٽԷĽԼ֮ĬҲԸġһЩĵȼͿǵĳΨһļˣȻҲԸ⻻ģΪǸһͨ
½ӣͦģԶõ۳õģЩƷҲúܸߣһܷסӵͳײôˣдƣֻҪãԺ˳ȥƹܵƷҲһЩϸвٲ𣬼۸Ҳвͬοô࣬Ҷе׬ġ
֮½滹뿪һˣΪľǶͽǿԾٶȸһȡٴβһ⡣

ϵͳϣֿ˼ʮ壬ʮϵϣг嵥ڳš
ӹɣÿһ嶼һ˽̣ǹ嵥Ȼ˽۳Ʒˮǳÿһˮĺ󷽣رע˽̻õпɵĿΪ0ļټΪƷҪиġһЩƷͼƷи죬ο;ͺпܿˡ
翴Щ壬üЦ
ڼһ࣬Ȼ۳ƷͶ࣬ʹҪɲߣ˽ƹǵĻĸߣ׬ķҲ൱ࡣ
൱ʹˡ
Ԫ˵Լֲ䣬Ҳ
Ȼ˻û۶ãˮͻأ
Цһ͡ѵֳ¹ˣ
ʶسˮȥ
ˮ
еĴſڣһһ׶ߡ׶೤Ŀ½½˳


ħر

мʶĿһжǰеϤ߶ţʹ֮ǰԼϴģЩʱ򣬻ǿƲסؾȡ
п߼ֱץ񡪡
Բ۰ô£ʳĸʳݵǰߣϮ𣿡
ǲУôгģ
԰⼸ֿѹͬһʱڵģôһ𣡡
Ķԣ֮ǰĿնﶼ׿ˣ
ЩҲ԰ɣħһ͵һߣأ
ȻҲô¡Ͼովпοε鷢ǣǰ֮ġ

գգۡ
ŶҲο͵ģôΪǵıֻռӲ̫⣬ԷӦԵʰɡ
ߡ
ʣ϶ϵͳΪ˱ֻŶŪġ
ôһǱ¹ԭʲôôˢˢġͦɰ
ԪȻ˵ɸѡԶģڷְǵС¹ʺҼˡڴ˴λڼʱͱͳһ趨
̲סЦˡ
Լ鷳ĸоͦõġ


254 οԶ
ͳһ͵ĿǽԺ, Ҳ˱˴˵ı仯ǵǵ⣬ǰطʽǹ㹻ϢġԾǾ㤵طԼкԼһҲûΪȿֻŶɢ, ǿάһܹ
ֻǣЩ, 80%ͨѡ
ǲ˵ģýԵ˼ʱ, Ҳֻи˽̵ƹ񡢷Ա簲װ˷һ, 飬ĸģġ
ٷְٵĿֻȺ߸˵汾ܡ
ΪֻԼ, ԳǿʲôѸһƷʵͬʱһǣƷȥһҹʱǾԲһġǲ̫, ɿԿǮĶǰ߿ȺôΪȺ׳󡢸ĵ, ȴԸ⻨һЩлȡ˵, Ҳǰ׸Ǯ, ҲԸġ
ǣЩҲӲ׾, ȥÿ˽̽
ЩͳһͺܸȤοͣ͸ԸЩһΣſһһչֹԼ̬ԺǶԿȤҲؼһЩ, ҲͶٸˡ
йȤ, ֻҪȡҪĶԺ, ͺܿ뿪ˡȫȤģ൱ᶨġŶûС뷨е˽̡бҲ˲
أָֻ糣
ͨһĿһٸҲ

֪䣬Ѿ쵽硣
ԪĻЦ˵ʱˣҲȥҸæɡ˽ȻҸģҲһţڼ䣬һĿ˶ģҪǡ¿Ρ˻ȥе㲻ˡ
ԪͷӦţ
ߵһߣֻ֡
Ԫûн⣬һ֣ǻİϵġһӣͷ֣ԼԪ粢żأվеĴǰ

˿̣кܶھ̧ͷǰЩ̬˽̣оˮۿʱܲͬ
˳ǰߣƹһЩοͣˡǾ˽ӰԺǰ
Ŀ˻Ǻܶ࣬Ϊ˷ӰӡӰȤĿˣڲǸ˽˷ӳ˺ܶ࣬ڲСҲֳ˶ÿһС棬ڲŲͬݡⲻŻġ⣬źܶӲƷ˽Ҳ˺ܶ࣬Ҳɸο淭
ͬʱЩǰοͽͰѰҪƷվڷӳſڣοͽ˵ЩСڲŵݡۿļ۸񡢸СĿǰѾ˶ݵȡ֮ǿȥģǲʲôʱȥȫƱʣʱ䲻ᲹӰ񲥷ŵʱ䵽Ҳóοóλ
翴龰еп
ӻǺܻ磬еںܶԴϾߣҲ辶ˡ
뵽⣬ȻһЩǵӣ֮ǰһЩȤĿ˺һЩ¹ʡעûЩڵĽŲеǱ߹һա
һתûȥ
ôæȥй䣬е㲻񻰡ǵ硰ϿΡԺٻȥˮȥɡ
뷨һ֮䣬ԪѸٵ˾ϵԡ
ϸշ˼οͽ벻ͬС˺󣬿ʱ˵ô¿ξ͹ˣԷû
糯Ԫơ
ԪóУݸϡ
ʱؽͣѾԹˡ磬æܾ˰ɣȺһԷɣҺԪȶһ󡣡
һǸԼҵܵûʲôÿģӹУļ磬˵Ǿˡ
糯һЦüۼչ
Ϊͦ˵ȥ滻֣ԪΪ˵࣬滻˾ϡƱ
ϴ֣һ𵽺ȥ˷С
ķɫζȫһԪġ
˵ѧˡ
ЦЦ˵û£һˣ԰ɡ
ҲЦЦǳ󻹹ȥɣҲ滻˺ǿʱԼĴȥ
ºͣҲá

ԶһĩһСصܶӳΪʲôûһԸߴϵְλΪ̫СˣɵҲһˣߵ͸٣ҲͲһٸĿкܴ󲿷ˮԡľԵģǰ߸ṩɾˮ취ʳܶ೤һ㡪ϧǣЩľԵҲǺܶ·ǲͣľԵôƫ͵¶ʳЧ΢΢ҲѴٽʳ/߲˼ӿ졣
ΪһߣԶʵǿԷء취׶ĳصġǸĻأ˵ڷչҲܺãĩЧҩǸطǻĹƶҲƵģһжйؿѭȼˣȥԺһҵõᣬҲСһôѡ
Զûߡ
̰СصνܶӳܶӳԶԶȨûʲôġ˭صأȻԶҲǲܴһߣϾ˳˲ϲ⣬ȴһֱõѺͷСһ⡪С˴ǵͬͬѧԭĻһλˣ˵ס
λ˸ǸܿɾˣʵͿˣĩפߣۿû취׵ذźòеڣͺµսʿһ𽨳СأʱҲñڡ
ϧǣλûоܣµսʿѵ˲࣬ɺ첢ȻͲˣһɥʬ·£ܶսʿһսˣСҲԱ˺ܶࡣǸûȥˣںʣµսʿҪ棬ǾĶְ񣬿ʼҵҵؾӪСأÿһÿһ춼ƣ
Զ棬ʹĸױܾˣĺֵܣֻŬԼճΪǿˣɨϰ
ȻʹԶ涼ŬҲһģĩ̫̫ˡѵǣǵʳԽԽǣԶȥĴѰҡѹΣҲǱˮнΪ̡
ٹ˶ʱ䣬ؾͻǸʱŬҲûκôˣΪûʳûκĿܡ
ۿţں˶ֻܵԶżꤵθ룬ǲӦʱ̵֮ǰҲҪߡ
ҲɽˮʱһãԶĶ
ݾ׵С˵дһǸ롣ʱǻ룬ҲǾˡ
Զûʲôɳɵģ٣Ӧ˵
ͷ֣Լǵ˵ĵط
֣Ӻ˶ô࣬ǻصĩǰԣĩǰţοͿɲͨô򵥡
Զһܿܶе飬ҪǰĻ⡢ܺ桢ǽӴڣֻʳ


255 ʳ
˽̺ܶ, ԶϸԼڵʣһ˽̵Ѱ
Ҫʳʣ˷, ҪһԼ۱ߵĵطС
, ԶǿбԼ, ż

ڽ˽˽ӰƬ֮Ķ, ̧ͷ, Ϳһɥ͸һ˿ϣ, 糾͵˽ҴѰʲô
һۿĩġ
ۣɨʱѾ֪˵ĻϢ
Զףÿһɻȡ50ңʣʮꡣ
ܿ죬Զǰеѯʵλ̼ңʳʳ, ۸ʵĻԽԽá
˲˵뷨
Ϊһ˲, ҲԶӵеߡ

ԶһСص, ȻܾԶ, ҲԶԼֵܡǸСΪʳȱ, Ѿ;ĩ·ˣ©ƫҹ, Ļ̵̻ʱɥʬ, ͼûʲôϣˡ
˶Ϊܶ, עһ, ԶҲʼնŶӱ桭ĹͷԶȻ߱Զһֱƴɱ̫ƣˣѾû취עԼİȫڵһͷɥʬϮʱֵˣܸһ̣úܺõ͵ƿԶ
汻ɥʬͱˣԶʹΪ̼ܵͻܣҷһ˲ɵɥʬҲҲ
ʱýԶߡ
ؾͿ˵ˣŵѾ٣ܽɥʬеĻ翹еȴ·
ԶߣԸʹ޵ˣƴϵ˳أ󻹼ŮĶ顣
ԺܶʱԶݵؽɱɥʬֱŮڰɥʬɱڽɥʬ綼ͱޡֲ¡Զűóһ˼档
Ҳû˶ԶʾãҲʾõ˶ֻΪԶʵİֻԶѾ׹ر飬Ըٸκһһ
ȥǸСصַѾݻٵк٣ԶȻҲʬģһװһСƿİ˼

еꡣ
ȥĩģ֪˲ףǰԶͬŮµһԱ󽫣Ҳ֪ǲۻ˵ĩǱ࣬ݾеϸڿԿŮĴ棬ʮ߰˸ܲң߰˸棬вһһӶܹ¶ʼڻԼ˻ǰˣԼ
ȻΪ֮ûʲôĵģԼеͬĵġ

ʳġ
Զ÷еﹺÿһҿԻȡ500ʳҲÿ4һȡһ֣ǧÿһʳܹ4000һ죬ô־8000
ԶڵСأǽӽ1ˣĩ½ʡһЩôʳǿṩСһ档Ҳ˵ǸСÿҪĵǰ˸ңԶÿһҲṩѡ
ʣµʮ꣬ȫóҲֻСؼְ˸Ҷѡ
ǣα겻α
οԶܰЩȫʳȻҪأɸĻҪ桭ѣ̫ˡ
Զⷽ浱ȻҲмģûеһʱﹺ򣬶һҼ˽

ǣеĵͶԶЦЦʱûУԻȥһֹ۸Ļÿʳ1ҰɣҪǺ֮ĸ߲һҪ׵ĻԸһЩÿ1֡
һ˲Զ۾ˣģ
һЦƭʲôҲһЩʳѣǮͿ򵽡طĻǷҡ
Զ⻰ľʱɢ˺ܶࡣ
˵1ҾʳĻôһͿԻȫʮ棬ԼͿشһ꣡
Զָ΢΢ӿͷһ˲֪ʲô뷨ӹɣ϶имġ
ҲǸɵӣʳǸ۸񣬼ʹ˽ĻԱһЩҲڱ˳ӡοǸӰԺʳĵطҲֻǿƺڵĻҪһѣŶԷҲԿڷҺĻϣԸ׼һЩʳ׬ײ׬ǣֻû뵽ԷȻϰôæ
Զе֣صض˵лл롭Ҫ˰ٶֵĸ߲ʳ֪᲻̫鷳
ɴӦԡ
Զϲãſ˵ʲôȻ˶٣Ϲ˵֪һƬģķǳм
ڰ֣Ц˵û£Ҳ׬㷨ҡ
ԶѸмֻŰݶúüסԺлܹټԷһþȫԷҲһ
ûϾΪ¶˵Ǿ֮͡
ʳ˵ҵȷǸģ棬߲ʳҲȷǲôֵǮҪǸͨĴѧⷽһ£Ͼϲʵ̫ߵڲͬ磬ôţʳţֻҪ˵һ˵ҲԸѸٳﱸôһʳġҲˡ
֪ԴԺһֱµõĺýټϵõſ֪빦֮йϵ͸ЩĩοһЩһƣҲһȥ¶
ۼԶͦվһߣֳЦЦﱸʳҪʱ䣬Ҳȥȥĵطһɡ
ԶȻףæ˵лл֪лл
룬ֳֵһָָ˵ȥǱߡ
Զһ㶡
ֱӸǱһͬĩƹ񿪵˽̣ԹȥҲܹõһЩ
ԶϽָķ˿ٴسл
ţԶ𣬼ҴҵǸط˹ȥ
üȰߵ⽻ԪԼȥȥ羣ˡ
һϣĻԺ󣬵ȷǺ޳µġԶڵǸ磬Ļĺƣʹȼﵽ1ҲΪԭ򣬶ǽĩԺı仯¡ĩ˵ĸоͺǽʧĩһϿˣЩһĸдĩ磬һְƵĸо
ԾϿٵسʣµķִ˸к󣬾ʱ뿪С
׼ٶȥﱸʳһ˵

һͷԶָʾȥѰңȻҵһӡ
ָʾģ֪Զڵ͸ӵƹͬһ硣򵥵˵˽ĩŮģĴĩزһЩǧٹЧĸҩ
Զʱ̧ͷͿӵơ
ҩ꡿
Զͫ΢
ҩꡭǸ


256 Ů
Զ˺ܶ뷨, ջȫ£ֻ߽ҩ֮ڡ
ҩ󣬼Ҳʮƽ, 涼źܶĻ, ȫ͸൱Ʒ
бֲ, С͵ıʬ壬дͱϵĲ, ɥʬľ, һЩҩҩƬȡ
ҩοͲ, ܶ඼ѯʡ򣬿Զȴûע⵽Щο, Ĵ˿ſţۿе㷺졣
һЩҩ⣬ȫʶֲܶ춯ɢϢǰһģһֱֲǰֻ˵ûǳҲǳټ, ˵ǳԺͿԾܵģ
Զǰ˺ܶ˼ҵðѣû뵽ɽˮʱ, , طˡ
˿۸500ңʮ, ûϵ, ûЩ, ٿ۳ʳЩжʮԻҲ㹻ġ
ֱڣʹԶ֪Լ1080㣬ֵԶҲû֪˾Ҫˣȥù˿ôأʱһͻ˳ġ
ֹ۲뷨ֻǵʯ֮Զѣ˿ԶֻһɨϵϢ͸ӳ
ԶĹԱˣһǶ̷ġӢˬĹϢǳǿܱ߳һȼĿǶԷѾĩĶˡһЦݿĿ˧꣬˵ĸоܺҲͳӡһеĮŽ˿۾ʹߴЦݣҲһ֡˹İࣨѧˣĸо
ˣǸĩеŮĺαԼŮ׸οαļ̵ܣ

ӹǷˮģȻͦĥģſԺԼߵ˶˸ı䣬ǰҵһЩֵεĻ飬ҲǸıˡһЩȴĶѣҲ౻һӿɿĶ顣еĸִͻУ϶ǣ׬˴ʽ𣨷ңʲô˽ˣںʵʱͰеĴڸ˿εġ
ͬʱ׸ˣͨʶԼעα򣬾Ҳû̸ʲôģɴŻͻԵʣʹʶķʽһˣվǻ˸顣
˼䡢ֵ˵ĹϵȽϸӣҲǳι̣ʲôˣǶԻ飬ˡԭο齨ŵӶţαԺԽԽ׳ر׬ǮԺ󸱿ķţ͸úֵܶεĶϲã˴Ӧǽ㹻ĹѫΪſȻӶϲǿ
һеοͻһҲزμˡ
һӦк٣ͨ˽ڲռһλãһ棬ҲҪᣬһԼͬһο͡
ǵģΪĩŮûʲô⣬ƫڹġ֪һοѾСǧ磬ôȻڵ硣ĩŵˣùЩĩο͵ʱҪһЩοԵľ򣬵õڲͬĻŵϢҪлȥ˴سأǾ͸ˡ
ĩٺΪؼ仯Եʣź𽥱÷ǳͨûøؾͼʧȥϵֻкٵĻø߾ȵ΢ǿźţҲֻСֻһЩԴص֪ͨûֵܼӾͻźжϡ
ڷչúܺõĳأϣܱס˵ģΪֻ࣬ܵõ˲ţ಻ĩ塣
λŮ뷨ûʲô⣬һ죬Уӣ½ӴһЩĩοֻ͡Щο;ǺͨڣģԸ²˽⡣ڸһЩʳˮԺҲûǿǻ䡣Ӵ˶ˣǻһЩԾ׼Ϣġ
һ̣սӴ˼οͣһ̧ۣͿһλ鸴ӵߡ
֮㶡
ǡԶһֱûҵǸԶ

˾飬ȻʶԶʶ·Խܶйĺöǡǰԣ򵽾취ס˲ٻ飬ûҵҲУԶ֮һ
ԭľԶغ󣬴ûԼĴǰԶʹɥʬĩ·Զһ˹µػţȥǸСصַҲûκ˵Ҳκһ
ԣ֪ʲô򵽾֪ʲôһʴģҲǲ֪ġ
ȻҲҪǼҲĻͺˣֻ룬ûϵȻĿˡ
ȥкҲ֪ôͷҲ΢˵ȡ
Զˡ

ԶסԼҵ߹ȥСѯʡǸùͨˣҲŮ磬ο
ϰ壬ʣҩơ
οͬ飬ҲһϳԶԶһڣ֪ʲôˬ˵ǲǸͬһ磬ǲԳأ԰ɣ
ԶһͣﶸȻϲá
ȻοֱӳϣȷʵǳصģӦҲһ硣οڵֻܶ࣬ĩ硣
Զ鼤һʱ䲻֪˵ʲôá
οתͷһۡ
ͷ
ĬοͶԶ˵ǲʲôҪæҶͬһģǵҲӴطͬԵʡ㲻⣬ǱȥһдһЩϢ˵䣬ָָԱһϵıʼǱԣǱߵûţȴиλܷȥ㶫
ԶȻᣬæͷʾлԺ󣬾ѸǰǱߣλϡ
Ļϣ
ԶϸȥԭǱҪдơڵʡݳСڵĴλá˿ڡĿǰϲʲô˵ȵȡдɺԱ߻һŻڳĴµͼעλá
ԺԶȻϸϸˡ
·һܴıдĲ֡ͰѻĿǰҲдȱʳ˿̶ȡĿǰߵĿԼӵʲôԵܵȵȡ
ھܵչֳǸСĿǰľԼ·ѯʡǷԸػߴ󲿷ֻز볯ءһдˡԸ⡱
ԶǸСͳŲȥˣܹصľٺòˡ治˵ˣ
дԺԶύ˱
ȻЩţ֪Լʲô
οʱ߹Ц˵֪ˡİɣȥԺǾͻᰲ֣ڵǸؽӦ߹űĵͼ㿪㣬˵ĩܶԴã͵ĳӣʮҿԵڵǸءĻȥԺԾʰ
һ侲ѣ죬û⣬ڰԺ󽫻ɥʬǻڵķ򡣡˶٣ȱʳ߿֧Ԯһ֡
Զ͵һлл֪ˡʳ⣬ȴҡҡͷʳѾһ˽ԤˣǸҺܴŻݡǳлǣǲˡ
ĩ˭ףԸ˾ѾܺˡûзȡЩʳ뷨ʳλָǻصǣǵִﳯغ󣬳Ҳеס棬ҲŻ
Զ룬ȸ滻ȡһܾܵıֲˣԺ·;͹ˡԼ˳ԺŬһݺõĹƴɱǿԺúùȥġҪǻܺ沢ս͸ˡ


257 Զĩ
ڶһ˷ҡ±ֲ, Զ򵥵ظһЩ£ͻص֮ǰԼԤʳĵطûţͼǸЦĿ˳֡
Զ֪ô, һɣ߹ȥ
Ѿ˵һ˹, ٶ֣ʣµĻҪʱܸ˹, Ҫһȡ
ԶҪʳ, ô͹, æʾл, ˵ˡ
, ͻȻӦôʳһҪô˻ȥʶ, 뵽˴ֻģֻֻҲǺܴ󣬿²һװ, Ҫ㹻ֻʣµҲ̫á
ȴǴЦ, ݸһֻ, ˵Ƚɡ
Զһ㶡
˵ʶֻԺ, ԰ֻ, ͷҾˡ
ˡ翴Զ㶹ж֪˵ʲôҲ֪òýӹ, ֱӰѴֻ
Ȼʳ, ֻʵ㲻ʲô, ˰ﵽαػҪԶôӣ˵ҲȷʵͦģȥǸ۹ƷֻΪͨ˵ݣҲӦⷽûǡ
Զ˴ֻ̾ͷӴռ䣬֪δȫʳǺϣģӼ
촽˲ֻ˵ллллҸһ㣬һġ
簲ļ磺Ҳ̫壬ȻˣҲšȻȼԺûң֮ǰҪʱûá
Զ֪˵ʲôˡ
ЦЦǱģͱ̫ˡ
Զ˼ֻٴμݶ飬֣صصͷ
ţԶһʱ벻ʲôʱлᱨ𣬵ҲǸʵµģʲô롣֪λϰȥʳˣҲҪŵģɴȥ΢ʰһ£¡
룬Ƕ飬ԺԺ󣬲Ȼ¾Ծౡ֮ĵطǾܱһһ㡣
統ȻûܾӾܿԶƷˣԶҪҲͦõġҲԶھȷʵŮұۣѾҵۣôԶضǻŮĶ飬ȻеõõſĻᡭԺݣԶһмĻġ
ԶĩǰǸܻˣڰ£һʼ΢е㲻ϰߣǺܿӦ÷ǳã˺ܶʵ⡣
ֵȵ羣½ʳ˹ʱûмԶ̸ʳѾλ뿪ˡ
Զ㶣һԼæġ
ʳȫλûôżˣǸ˲̫࣬ʱ㹻е¡룬ǿæġ
֪Զ⣬̧־ܾˣ㻹ǿȥɡҿʵͦżģǱԽҲԽİȶ԰ɣҸˣǹģȥæԼ°ɡԺҪԵ֣˵ټüһʱ
Զغͷеʳսﻷ
ףһԶǵǺǵġ
糯һ֡
Ҳͷһ·˳
ԶٴεлţͷҲص뿪ˡ

ԶѸʧŶԾ˵磬Ѽʳˡ
ҡҡͷûʲôԶʧĵط˿˵ϣλοǱܶһЩࡣ
ŵԪ⣬ҲǸһæߵµģʱҲпȥȾ磬ǱҲܡǸλοڵĩ绹в죬ǲͬġǱߵѾˣϣҲܾɡ
ЦЦʶĩС㣬ǸܸˣѾۼ˲ٵ֡ʵĽ룬ӦǿԼӿٶȵġ
ϺҲͷ
ţһҼֿʼǵˡ
Ϻ硢ԪϢʱԼȥ䣬ǱܾˡԪСϿΡʱȥڵġϢʱ䣬Ǹµġ

һͷԶصԼķ䡣
ڽٻʱﶼǶδ֪Ľ䱸ڻʱимҲϲã̤ʵ˺ܶࡣ
ԶûԥҪֱȥ档
ʱͻȻãԼʲôֻ֪˰ˣ˺ܶʳܾܵıֲǾô£˳ʲôӣʲôæôģ˭ģǵˡ
ǵһ£˳صС㣬Ը沢СأٶȹǣԸĻҪʮ׼ΪʲôǵЩ￴С㣬Ҳǵˡ
ֻ˵ģģеӡ󣬿û취ԼףԼּ֮ȱǼ䱻ҲΪСԼĻһƬհס
Զ˦˦ͷܿͲȥЩˡ
ⶼҪӦٻǸķʩôͱȥѰˡʳͺöˣǵСҲδԼܻ϶ʮ꣬ʲôģˡ
뷨ѹĵףԶϵֻ
ֻ˽õģСʱװжǸ˭л

İ칫ңԶš
洫һɳƵºɤԶ𣿽ɡ
Զ̽ȥʱкصķˣÿֻҪпվͻȥŪΪææµʱ򣬳ǳԷΡۣԲϰߡ
кüӣǰ棬ֻһżªкܶļ
棬Ÿݵ꣬ݵƤͷģٺ˹ģҲ˹ģ˵̬͸һ൱ƣ
Զ߹ȥҲû˵ʲôֱӰѷȥԱһˮ̽һˮ£ģܼȣŵһҲһ
棬ָˮʱȶůָ⣬һЩͬʱԶҴѷд򿪣һ˫ӡ
Զ
΢΢ᣬûоܾԶĺ⣬һСˮþٶȣһкзȥ
Ҳ԰ɣϿҡ˵
ԶĶ棬Ҳ˺зҲûҪߴ٣ھͰĶˡ
Էļ϶ԶԵÿӣ΢΢˹ǣֺһˮ˵ǻˣǶ㡣˵⣬ԶѾһڣżԶǾ仰Ѿֲ˶ˣ㻹뿪ɣͱˡ
Զ˸ۣ˵Ҳģһֵܣûˣ⣬ߵȥ
洹ۣʰС
ֵֻ֪ܣԽԽǲܵԶԶı£ú⣬Ϳȥȫĵطˡ
У취ԶϽ뿪ΣԶġ
ȻԶ˵˵ˣ˭˵ؼֲ˶ˣ¶Ц˶ΧĵͱͻȻֵʳˡ


258 ľ
һ, ͵վѿռˣַӦЩʳģ
Զں˵ܴģ֮а˰ٶʳ, ͷǻص˶һ֣ҾͲٶˡ⳯ظϵˣʮҾܹ˵ǻֻҪԸ, Ըȥﰲ
ȻԶĻ, üͷԽšԽ, Զ˵, Ѿ߳һסԶĸ첲ʵ˵ķϻõЩ, ʲôۣ
Ҳ治˽, ˽Զ, Ҳ֪ԶĶ
ֱҹԶڸһ𷢳ԶҲûţԽյϢЩʱûκηӦôԶôͻȻõôʳ, ôܵõصϢԶǲƭ, һʲôѧ·ˡԶ̬Ⱦ͸֤һǸʲô, Żװúġ
ԶͻȻӴһ, еİͣҡҡ
˵
Զûôŭ, û, Լ˵ȫ˵ˡֻ£֧֧ڡ
߳ˣ֪ģһ˫ƽʱºͼᶨۣʱԶϣԶС
Զû˵ˡ
ٴοڣ˵
ԶЦǿ
棺㲻˵СĻҲ֪ġ
Զſڣţ˵
˼ַӲûеȥ㡢㡪
Զһȥӡ
һԶˤӲǷûƶ
һҺ滹侲ſ
Զεջ֣Ҳǹġ
洭˿㲻ǹģ㲻ǹȥʳ˵ʱ˵ȥˡ˭֪ԶΪʲôҪȥʳԶֲԼҲҪһΣΪʲôԶ£ΪߣʲôʸԶƢ
Զŭ棬ȴúܸˡ
һ𳤴󣬺ٿ淢ŭһΣΪ
ԶûѸ˱¶ϣֻʵϴҲôˣҲĻᡣ棬ȺϲԺһоͶˡóֲ߶߶ģ˰ɣԺԾܡ㰲ľѣʳİżƻ˾ͿԿʼ䡣֪ͨʰ£ֻ֮˵ôΡ
涨ؿԶѱֲ˹
Զ˵˵ţͻȻ졣
ΪͻȻ
Զ˸󣬵ڷͷļʱӲ֪ôҲһƬհס
ֲۡ

ĩ֮ǰһѧϰϣԶΨһķСõֵܣûԶסʱԼδĹ滮԰ûڴֻ뵽˺ʵͰͰȢӣ̸²ļƻ֮ڣʹԶҲῼǡԶֱӾܾˣԶ˵ǺҪˣԶԶʾԻֵܵʱԶ̬һǰ
û뵽ͻȻ仯
ĩˡ
˵ûбɥʬҲҵûоܣŸһΪһСæµǿܵԶһֱһ
һʼԶ˵ţϲˣ浱ֵܣԾ͸ˣһŬŵģʱƣڸȥڲôѵ£ԶԼԿҲҪʱŷ֣ԶĸȻһֱûб仯Ϊ͵ĳ嶯
ȷ޷ǿģȴⳤģõĭ󣬰δûѿĻᡣ
ԶΪܾãԶĬİУڲͬС
ֻǣڵû취Ӧˡ
ǲӦʼû취ѣѾԶˡӦҪĹͷʱԶܣʲôҲãǿԶġһӦˣԶԸ񣬿ζҪͬ
ֻ룬СػܳȥʱŬţԶԸҲ˵ܸԶദһʱ䡣һֱţŵĩȥԶףĳŲȥֻҪԶţҲûʲôźˡ

Զ޴룬̫ˣûκ֪ôģҲӵʲô˼
Ǹм𣿻Ǹж
ôӵƽʱƣʱĻ֧ҲǲͬģǸģ;úˡ
ȴѾ˾
û뵽ԶɵӻɸҲҪΣҲû뵽Զһֲ²ԶΪ˻Щ׸˶֪ԶܻáԶϸ˵ͲѰˡ
ʣµʱ䡭˷ѡ
ȸص˻ͿԷµӣԺҪԶһ
Զãͻá
ҲֵԶˡ

ԶĹ¶Ե˵־ᡢӿ׳ɶĩԣȴ΢һʱ䳤ڽЩ΢˻һš
еĴڣĽУЩ˻΢ı仯еųãеȴδ֪Ԥϡ

ԪȥϿΡˣ͸ϡָ
߳дԺ˵Ӱֻصһ޴ˮĹ
˼ǣˮе龰ѸٵŲƣͬǵ˸ġд
ֳģⲿŵĴⰮŪӡ

ʹֻһִͨ磬ҲûɣⰮڵĹҽеһҲҪŪɫĶҪе档
ȻܴȴһС͵Ĺ
Ŀǰλ൱ʦں˻Ž֮ŪͼֽⰮиͼֽһģһؽɡÿһǽƤĵϸ˼㣬ÿһǽ϶ԿŻǧʷĻͼڣҲǾ˼㡣
⹬ôϸʵϡıʻӻ̵ġ
ӻ̵˼ǣʲôϼǮģע۸οǹ򡣵ȻⰮеοͻǸʲôȼ֪ʲô磬ټ˺ܶصľӪ˲ŽĿǰЩοǿܵ󣬾׼Ʒ
ûʲô˵ģϸĹȷ˲ο͵ע⣬úܶԲͬĻοԸȥһȥԺҲвܷԼҪĶϸú󣬽׳ɹĿ١
ԣҲǺܲġ

΢˿СƷоСǧοǵĻڼ䣬ⲿŵ˽ӦһֱάֺܺõȶȣȥǧοˣȻ١лȫ˽̲ҵϡġزͱȻ½ˡ
ⲢҪǵ顣
ţ翴һǿ˵˽̣ЦЦ
Ůͦ˼ģϱУֱӰѲݸˡ


259 һλ
˵ǲ, ˵ǸС̯ԹȲκ٣ǰһ, ȺֻŮż򵥴󷽵ĳȹ, ŵݲ衢衣
Ĳˮһܱ, ǶƷ׵͵Ŀ˶ôС, رǶԷ˶, ЧȻҲǿ
οǴŮӹˮ¶õģҪôڰϺȣҪôźȣҪô͸ɴվԱߺꡭҲ, ûʲôط

翴ǵļλˣоͦ, Ҳûٶˡ
һεĻɷǳɹ
Ĳο, ֻһ˶ûйκƷķǳ, 󲿷ֻ˼򵥵Ŀġ˼븴һ㡢һ絽飬ǸԸȤƷռ˾ֻкٵοͣԼ˵㲻ٿ˵ȴ̫, òҪĶȻ, мοͣ˵㻻˷Һ, ⲿֵķһȡ, вۺܴ, ɶ˵Żֵõġ
ڼ䣬ÿ˽Ʒ׵嵥ܴܳ󡣵ȻⶼܺȴҲõġ׬ģʱ˵Ϊ˶Сǧ硢ʵҲֻڶ׵ԵʣʱõĶԼ۱ȸߡ۸ܱ˵ļӣǶ彡ʵաʵǿģ۳ġ
رһϺ쾵ӣһ۵ģһ߼˺ͷƷģĺʺϹȺˡ

һڻʱ䣬֪ͽˡ
οʱ䶼ǳع˽Уʱ䵽ˣҲвοͶᣬٶһӣ࿴
ʱһʹû뿪ģҲԴһ΢΢κȫʧ
ټУֻʣʯϵļʮ˽̣ԭ֡ȫûˡ
ܶǰһӻæ˽ƹǰûˣеȻʧʱ䣬оеġͷһԼʱˮԼ׬ķң͸᲻ˣʱҪٳسһЩͿ׬ˣ
ͺܿϧ
Ҳǡ
ЩӵĿ˶ٶǴ˵ҵģֻЩҪôǳ齱õģҪôǴԭȡġߴƷߣ۸в㣬ǰȻһֵģлյĻ۸ܵͣԭҲǷңԼĵһȵԴֻصߵˡ
ͬʱЩĿ˵ҲҪֻҪٵĲ֡
ڼͲһˣοԶ磬ܶ඼Ʒ׺ܵ͵ģǵҵ׺׾ҵʵοͣȡķҲȴеĶ࡭һʱԽǾ׬Խ̣࣬
˽ƹǻǺܿ˸Ե̬
ô˵׬ˡ
Ժȡиõıְɡ
ΪʲôԽĵڶοͻʲô
пǶ֪ģڶλҪٺܶ࣬ٻǧƷ׶϶˵ҪСǧĸߵģôƷȽϵ͵ƷǺ۳һܺõļ۸
ھ˽̶ԣһεοͻǴչȭŵĵط
ڶΡ
ǵÿˡ

ڸ˽ʰԼӣǲǲȺŵʱͬʱõһµ֪ͨ
֪ͨλ˽ע⣬峿˵㣨˵ͬеڶλ漴ٻǧοͽСʱ죬ÿǧοΪ100ˡ
ڵõ֪ͨѺ˽ƹǼӿ˸ʰĶ
Ҳ˽Ƿȹصǿǹ󣬻ǻˡ
룺һѵõġĻᣬֻ࿪һˣ㳤ʶ
Ȼ˾ڴڶпУˮƽ׵ġ
Ϊףûи෨ȥΣķòҲֻܳŻˡ
ĿǰΪֹԼʮпУƶѾԡ
ԣģҲڻ£ģҲֻмʮٵİѡ

֪ͨ󣬴˸ǷԪСһ
ţԪһص˱⣬óԿ׿ź˿ڴ绰ľϣڸһ˿Ƶ飬ŵ׼ӰƷ
ڸⲿŵ˴绰ֱͨӶⰮҪȡӰƷİȨԼһЩľܼ¼ƬĿ¼ΪкſǸܣ翪ӰԺȻǸ⣬Ȩȴû취Ȩֱӹͨˣ£Ȼֻܵ߸ⲿŹͨһĴۣⲿȥȨͨⲿűңʱʲôڻʽвⲿŵˡ
Ҳûǣɳ
ԪǸһȥϴһˮԺ˳ȥ׼
һ󣬾Ϻֶ¡
תͷЦЦ¿ˣеˡ
˸Ҳûʲôĥ˵
ϱҲһ˵ô˵ͼʡ
ȥ絹˱֭ھϵԱߡ
˵˸磬컹пӰԺ
ϻش𣺡ȥ
ָ䣺ӰԺⲻȥĶǧˣá磬ЩӦҲȤġգ۶Ц˵ǰҲ׬˲٣𲻳⣬ⲻҲûϵ
ҲЦˣ⵹Ҳǡ˵ҺͰԪûʲôΣ͸һȥɡ
ֵȻû
Ͼ͸ûˡ
绹е㲻˼ģǰĻպпεģҲõ桰ӿΡ˵ʲôЩ춼õĻҲûκϢʱԪһȥæˡãžڹͼ֮ĳͻˡɡ
Ϻֿûʲô뷨ѹûŻҪԪȥæϾǵܱܵģǸһšҶرĵСôܾͶȺȵأڵġ
ļ绹ȥæ
ϺҲȥͱˡ
ȥ󣬻ûüԼģԪǱѾֿſ׼
ţһ˵ܰʱ̡

ڶϰ˵㣬ڶεĻҲ׼ʱʼˡ
ûиԪֱӽ빤ǸҲû˽լǰ˵ϡּϣһУȥǵӰԺ
ȴѾԪˡ
[ȥɸѡˡ]
[á]
[ˡ]
[ࡣ]
û˿ĵطгƬ⻮ǽϲŻĹͬŻҲ˸ŲͬĹâ
ǧУͬһʱ̶кܶ˽յͬٻһԸԸȥһĵطʵǵԸ
Ҳһʱ̣ܶڲͬʶ
[ʲôطþȥ]
[ħȥ]
[ʵҵԸȥ]
[ѵٻ𾴵Ըǰȥݼ]
[ȥȥ]
[ʲôļٵģȥȥȥ]
[ƭ˵İɣˡ]
[ħһǶħ]
[д˵ڣһҲ޷]
ܶԸȥܶ˲Ը⣬ܶĻڴҲܶĴ䱸
ԸȥԶԸȥĶٻ
ܿ죬οǾɸѡˡ


260 ο;ǹ
ǧֻܹʮĸ, ÿһٸοͣҲһǧİٸѡ
ˣԪɸѡʱٶȱ֮ǰĻ, οǵٶҲ졣
û, кܶ˴еĴſ߽
ڸվ˵һλ˽ƹ˵Щο͵ܶȻǡͦϡġ

ϺվԼӰԺſ, ЩοһϴãȻؽдݸǵϢ, һֵ߳ҲôԵش
οа˳, еĸûʲô𣬵ҲеϴŵֵЩ־ǹŴķΣܶƤڻˡǻһЩɫҴħۡŷʽסδƼзװ, ҪǾ÷·ǹҹŴͬʱڵĹ˱ٻƵġ
Ȼ֪λĴá桢, ЩһǹŴʱ򣬻һ
翴˿Լϵͳ, Ŀǰǧ, Ծ߹ɳɵƷֱǣǼʻ״ʦݽħԨ͡˷ҡǿմؼ䡷ǻ졷ħв𡷡ħʿʥа
ȷʵֻСǼʻ״ʦ͡ħʿķȫǹŴմ, ͡ʥ硷۷, Űִĸо, , ˡǿաֵġǿմ磬ҲǴǿ, ҲǹŴġ
Ļ, ʵϵͳϵͳԭ֪, ΪľǷϵͳ⡣ǵ࣬ҲǸ֪ˣĳЩʱҲῴһЩĳĳŴ硢ĳĳԭʼ硱֮е˵ǶĿ˵ͲʲôŴִֻ֪ĵȼߣߣơͱԪعڵɣ翴0Ŵ硶ٴסԪعԼ0硶ٴס֮С
ĿǰҲûʲôֵģϾУΪģҵǧ֮ÿܳ棬ʵչֱܶ࣬ʵչΪ֮ķչͻͺ󣬷βеһѣϸ˵ʵ̬ɡһЩƶȣͺ󡣺ܶʱΪ̫ˣǿΪͨʵҪǿߵİţҲзչоҪΪԼ塢׳ΪҲΪܵӻȡůҲΪ档
Ȼ͵ǿҲвٵģϾʹٲֵͣҲֻǱһЩѡԣ翪ǧ̫٣ŵ˵εĻȥԺ׬ķҸˣȻͻؿСǧǧ磬ǧ硣
Ǹʱ򣬴ݶˣܿҲͻġ

һǧοѸ˽ڵҲ׷׳Ųͬ˽̹˹ȥ
ܶǧģοͻкܶദסһ׵״̬Ͼˣ׸١ȻҲмټٵġȫṳ̂ο͡
һĿڴԼӰԺǰ棬ܿӴһλĿˡ
λһͷǡ
ǵ׳߶Ҳϣɫë˫۾˸źĹâ
һ4磬һͷޣѾˣôӴʵϣȴֻһͷǡ
˵ʱҲϸϸģܽ۵ӣŮ
ɼʵһͷСĸǡ
ĻʮС
/˵ƹ񣬸ոǱ߷ųʲô
ָ֮ǰӰԺǰͶ
תͷһۣе졣
ɤӣС˵һżӾ硣ǺϸظλŮͽͣ˱һ£һЩ߰ѹǼ¼󲥷Ÿǿ
ɫſڣ¶ڴҿԿ𣿡
ַǳȻͷԼڵĶȻԡʹҪôۿأǵӰԺרſٳӰԽȥۿȻҲ԰ⲿӾ繺ȥ͡
˵䣬־͸ǽIpadר濽˴Ӿ硢ѪӾ֣ҿǵЩںܿϲ͵Ůʿ硢żΪӰļǮʱ֮ģͳͳҲ˽˵
ɫţһ˫۾͸ˡ
֪ˣλӣȥһңȻӾ硣켫ˣرڴһҪλӰ
˵ɫǾͺһ쫷Ƶģ񱼣ֱһ
дˣЦЦλС˵Ǹˡ
ЦŽӻ˵ӣͦпܵġ
ôãΪڸոָǹͨʱѾͷǵĻϣоͼ¼ӵеʱ
ǹôᣬҲȷʵûг꣬ڵȴһԶѪ飬ĶλΪ峤СŮͿǣҪͨһѾӵ
򵥵˵λǹѪӴ˲ͻˣҲǷϲϽɿԻǧꡣĿǰ͡δͣѾˣܳءڵʵҲŸǿﵽ˶׶ѡ
׵ľǣÿһֵʮҡ
ȫøһңһܵõһҡֻȤĻһķ㹻ȡҪˡ
⣬ǹﻹиݣǸ4ĺ֮һΪȺԵʣǺҪһλ󹬡檺ǧбȻС͸ȴаϡϷݺܶһλȻɡ˳ӵԼ֮
仰˵˺ܸߡ
е˴ﵽ3㣬ôˡǧ㡣
ܺãǹһԼȥԳԼˣʹ֪˵Ҫԡһӳ۸ǧģֻҪ¸һһϣҲɿԱסŮݡֻϷϻһѡ
λǹĺʲô˵ǿ߰ɣɢһԼĹǻǺġ
ôţơ
˽ӰԺֻҪúõ˼Сһ˷Ժ˾ͺˡ
°ͣŸոС۷ŹӣԵѾǶݲŵĹżСλȻеĺ󹬣ҲԼˣϲùżҲûʲôֵġ

һһߵͷˣһдһĿǵʱͻȻ䣬Զĳ˽̴һͦġ
ܶο͵߶˹ȥ
ҲӵʵҲܸߣȻͺѺӡ
ҲͬͶߣǵǱߵ龰ʱ鲻΢

һҿͦŷ˽̡
˽̵ƹһɣԼһλŮ


261 οС
˵Ҳ׼, ׼ȷ˵һλü۶ׯʺٸһֻšƦ˧ƹĶ䣬ʮȵת
Ʀ˧ƹ񰥰ؽ, һεصûܣٸЦ, һ˫Ⱦ͸ڵƵģǳȵ
½½أһһЩοΧˣܶο͵ϴŲ, һЩο¶˿ֵ顣
ЩοʹҲû뵽, һССĵطˣܿһҲĳɡ
硭
һ۾ϳٸ˭
ǵġͨ׵Ļ˵Ʀ˧ƹš
Ͻне, ġýȢš
ʱ, ٸһš, һ߶߶߶
, ҲҪˣҲҪǰɣȥʲôط, û뵽, , Եģǰɣ
ǵ, Ǹʲô¥ݺݺһȾǾ˸ֵһ, ûûȥʲôͤСȥḸС㱨Ѫ, æ, 
ôֺͦǵİ, ôʲôŲˣƭǸ, һصķģҿǷʰ

ǸƦ˧ƹ񡪡ڵһ3磬ǡݽλɾǸǣҲһλӡ
ݽȻںʵǰ˴̽µģҲһ൱̽Ĵڣÿһ̽£ٲŮ㡣
ŮǡסͣÿһӣһŮ߻ӴʧֻмŮںİг֡
̽ɱ𿴷ģϧģҲⷽеƷлǺܺõģҲУͬģܳƵһýȢСҸ÷ģһ꣬СŵĹһһŮ
ϸ˵ݹɵһΨһ氮Сң־ְ£ŮȻϧϲʧȥҲûʹࡪǶԷ棬еġǵٿһŮʱһϧϲѭ
Сӻ𱬣Ҳһֱ֪ɾǸӣ˭Сͱأ˹ˣȴûаκһ֪ؼҸСáСҶҲְֺաҲֻ֪ģͬʱɸô飬ķˣԴ׹ԴףȴͷŲ
ı£СڼúܴǸʵʵĺӣһ߸һ߾Ӫҵһ߻ɵĴ˵һ
أÿһӺͻص޶žۣСҾͻˣʵСұǲҶġʱڰˣСֻ³ʵظˣøҩ
˵ûСڱ֧ţҲôЩʱһЩŪ˼õĶлٵõľͻɢߵŮǼһ޶ġܳʱ䶼ġѵõģôһ⣬ȥСҡ
⣬ɳһһŮ⣬ҲܶͬһǷְĻѡԽǴİ־Խõѡ

һαѱͱʱõſģкҩˡǰӣȻȤȴҲû뷽跨ؾӪȻʱȾߵĻڽУҲһԸеĻʱͱ鱻ͱǸȴû꣬еŮҲЩƯɱ֣ǸϲڱзԼǸӡ
ǸӺ󣬸Ⱦ߻ˣû׬ʲôң齱ʱ൱ʲôԴͷͺܽǸǰÿһһҪһſһչʾһʱҲ˵ҪܶοͣеĿ˿Լ˽̡ͻ˵ʱ䣬ȥǰҵһɽ˺ܶĿֿʯһֺлԵҩڱҩҩħߵȵ𵽲СãҲڵ㹻Ͱѿʯ˽̣ôʯӡ
ʯƷͬǺ˽ģȻòֱۣʱǱȽϷѾģ׺׺ԹмӳɣСǧο͵ʱȥٵģ׬߰ҡ
ɾ룬ڶλǮ͸ôյòˡ
û뵽οȻӣ
ͺ군ˡ
ȻڼСҵһ˲䣬ɾͿԷüֱһ˵òҶֻɶԷ̤ˡ
رǣСҾΪʧȥɵϢеջżƫƫзֵʱΪҵһƯ۶
ֱǹ

䳳Թ۵ҲͶˣӵץ˿ڻĻɷ򣬷ֱŤأǴҲοʲôӰ죬Ǿḻοͣע
Ϊ¶ԼĴϣѹǿҲῴһ۵ġ
գۼ䣬οָɢȥѾˡ
Ȼܶ˼ϸЩҲ뵽Щ˽̵˿вǸͬһģҲ˵ЩοͲһܿ˽̵ģ»ԵԶʤǡ
һͷСڽѵɺ󣬾ͱһ˽̣߸úý
С֪ǰҲһЩ
`Ц׽˵ˣͱˣһΪյʮң͸ҲһſʱǷͿʱˡ
СҺһۣҲòǣ
æ֣ҲҲΪĸңΪˡ
СҲƱ磬˺ôΪſǮķϣ˵ĶͷʱŹˡ

СЦһʮңҪһôҲҪһôͣЩɣҪȥѰЩ֪ҲȸŮſһ˼
ɲҷضӦ
С⣬šֱȥˡ

ĺǱпˡοǶҪʢöģǷ޼Ҳ࿴ۣ˳㻹ǵľ顣
Ǳʽٴοʼջߡ
Լҵܵô²ģּԪһֱڵܵߣ˼ҲЦݡٿߵ֣һͶ뵽ο͵ĽС
ż彡죬һҵԾ˵оͦģҲϧ

ǧοУĲֻλŮкܶ˶൱ĺرǸλŮһ࣬һЩɾ֡ǵҲףȲ飬ǵͱǿʵͬһƷԪһܵƷ׵ơ
Уǵʱ
оһɸѡοͣͣǰˡ


262 οͳ
ֽϡ
һ4硶ؼ䡷, ҲǸһ൱ӴȺӵϹͨϵѪܹͷųĻ棬ͬʱ, ǵ;Щǿ̼ʧȥƽ, ڳҪһЩеõĵر, ƽֲƽ⡣
һ⣬ĵرȻټ, ȴصġ
, ֻģصģ
ҺãһλϽл˵, ֻ뿴ʲôڸģȴڸսĵطԺ󣬾ŵһĿζ
㡣
ǷڵĻԵõ㡣
ȻȻ, Ͻѭζ, Ѹٵؾһǰ
̲ܴ󣬴濴, Ҳܿ췢ڲмͷص, ǰİ, Ҳڷż⡣
ǴӰϵ, ͬǴڲЩʬɢ
ŲŲ, Ȼ, ̧ͷ򰸰ˡ

, ͻХġ
ΪڻжһЩ⡢׬㷨, ˴ӵõ֪ͨͿʼ׼, ǵ̵Ӧϸˮ֣ҰޱɱʻḯãȥɱҲû̫ࡣ
ǵһ󣬻ХԼûе㱣ˣֻ˰ͰⶼȥˣѵͲǲ̫˷ѻˣǻХȹӣϽȥһˣһɽȵǰ棬ɻХȥһЩʵǿҰϵɽ
룬ǻŵҰޣʾͲḯˡ
һ⣬ǻŵҰޱͬһطܿǻ֮ɱľΪ˱ͻ취Х뵽ˣﹺһ̣ɽ棬ǱϽȥҰ޶ᱻ̣ԻͷӬƵĵײȴ˴˵ĵˡ
ХںʵĻȥһͷҰɱ˵ͷҰޱԺͻɱһͷ
󲢲ڵХߣֻҪɽŵҰ޹࣬ôҲ㹻ġ
취һʱХȻ˲⣬ΪҲһǧοǵ⣬ڵһλǸҹХһҹʱڸɽѰҺʵΪĿǰʵѾںܴΧ֮ڣҲ˵ϵһЩϸߵǸɽȣͬԻ
ХıǣȡҲɼǧο͵⣬ҲûȣϾǧĿ˲
û뵽ǣ̲ŸտûãŸշǧĿ½Уôһλοͣſڣֱضİ¡
ʱĻХ̵ĺ⣬Ĵػһ㶼ģڰĺվţ⡣
ۿһͷп׸ߵġ׿ǡгӲβ͡ġվ⣬޻ʵĳԵĸۿһҲġ
ĸо·Ǳ޶Ƶģһ˲ҪԼǰֻϵʱ˹
Ծأͺһ
ӽţʵ̫}˰
ӴС޹أֻʵԼʳйء
ʵͨ򣬶һЩʳ˵ҲʳѡοʹŬˣʵҲֻ׵ĳڲãλϽһѪ棬ǲ˵̬ʵס
ֱѹ
ԼʹϽʵ϶ŵǰϵ⣬ɢȲҲס̣رǴǰ
ҺãʱХܿ췢ĲԾͷĻƷ£Ͻǰ
ϽڼҲХ˸ԡ
Хͬо˶ԷʵˣǸηˣѸ侲ԳϽ˵λˣʲôҪ𣿡
Ͻſڣһε
ûϵˣǳϺ鹵ͨķʽֻǸ磬Ժ󣬾˳з룬Х˸װס
ϽʣЩô
ϵ⣬һ׵࣬۸׵ȻҪϺܶġһƷ޼۸2000ңȥ㣬۵Ļһĵһ㶼10µġ
ϾһҰޣٽϣٿĲֻйͷ⣬ҲͷҰ޲ļ۸ˡ
ĿǰХͷһҰޣʵոմﵽһûãͷʵֵӦ1500ңȴ600ˣХҲˡ
Хش𣺡ϵͷ3ÿҪ٣
ϽԼ
ĳϣ3000꣬»ϵĳϣÿһͷ1000ϣƾʵ԰Щһ
Ͻµĳ϶ôֻһͷһأҲһꡣ
ȻǰƷ㣬ҲףһܹȡķΪʮҡ
ϽҪҪࡣ
ƺ֮
Ͻ˵ͷȫҪˡ
ΪýȷǰϵͷǶõģͷҰΪͷϽմȾͬ㣬ǱҲһûȷһĸܣ׼ȷ˵
ԳϽ˵ͷ뿴ɫ࣬ҲҪˡ
ˬԣͻХһ㶡
ХķӦܿ죬ȻΪʲôοͻԲǰԲʲôõģϽοϻ
ǻХٶȰѰϵͷͷ˳ϽȥͷҰԱߣһͷһ⣬ˬؽϽ
˿ȿҪһҲУЩ͵͸˵ˡ
ϽȻǮҲ໨Ǯ̵ϰҲܺˬžͺ˳ˡѸٸ˵һͷ޵Ǯſڣѵڶͷͷֱ̽
һ룬ůθһУҵĵطȥѸٵػеһ궯
Ͻĸˣ
Ķһģ
Ͻԥ˵ҪˣˬظǮ㻹ĻûеĻͳͳҪˣ
ХĻҲˣ̽򣺡ˣȥһ˾
֪һʴ⣬ȻХϺȣ̾ʹӦ
Х棬Ѹٵʧˡ
ԳϽ˵ԵȣϾȥûˡ
ϽȻֵȻҲԻХô˽̺ܸȤ֮Ϣ;ܾǵѰףЩȻҲǲʵġ
һͷĻХصɽȣʮͷо̫ˡ
û뵽ô˹ԷԺϲ⣬ǰͷڲͬ࣬ɼƷֵĹϵ󣬻˵󲿷ֵҰҲҪ󡭡
ХԶԶԼڵĲ䣬˸뷨
ǲǣʵظ͸¶һ㣿
ҪȻȸһ°ɡʵХһЩϵƵģϾǲ峤ĳӲǣ


263 οĺ
ӵõſ֪Ժ, ХһֱûţӻлԼʵνǾԼŬرڸȾ߻ڼ, Ϊ춼Ҫȥƴɱ, ԼеأҲҶ˵ʲô, ֻһȥĽ, ȡһ𡪡뿪, ÿɱϴŵѪ, ˵עˡҲĻǵ鷢ŭ
, ΪʼոнŲʹڸȾ߻һСʱ΢ɿ, ûص, ȵԿ˽̵ʱٴæµȻʱѾô£һʱҲ鲻ʱɱģҪİ
Ե֮£Хûае¸峤ס
ôæµ, صԺ, øʱ, Ҳйעı仯
֣һ˵һʱԽ磨ܣһЩ, ĺܶཨ鶼ԲķչкôҲΪΪӵĻХȥ, һɫɾǻɣǹ, ЩԵʸ糣нӴ𽥸ĹۣҲһЩʵĸ飬˴˶ԶԷкøУ֮һ˲ٵĹףò˸ʳ࣬ԼһЩȽҲõһݹ翪ͻ˳񣬻ȡ񵰡
ڵĲ֮ǰҪǿʢһЩȻΪʱ̶̫ǿʢĳ̶ȲߣչȥҲһƽȹΪһ䣬㻹ǻΪԵһЩֻۣҪڣһҲҵ˷
Щ֮ǰûиХ˵æµ׼ȻХʲôʱҪˣͿʱ߶ԷڵĻХûע£Ҳûü

˿̣Х뷨ȴûжȰҰһͷͷֱɵһͷͷذ˵ȥ
ϽЩҰޣÿһͷһѪﶼܰʱЦ൱ġ
ֻǡ
ЩʧʣֻЩ𣿡
ХҲźǣ֮ǰȷʵֻ׼ôҪûλͻĻʵҲӦǹġ
Ҳ˽飺˿ͣ죬Ļҿʱȥ׼һЩ
ϽȻͬģ˵ԡ
Х룬ʣƷ׵Ұ޺Ѳ׽ڵĵΧ٣Ʒ׵Ļ׳ﱸ˵˼ǣ
Ͻû飬ֱ˵ֻҪҲͬĻƷ׵һЩҪ˵⣬ֲ䣬ڴ֮ǰץͷһ
ο͵Ҫ󣬻ХҲͬģҲᵣҪƷ׵˾ͲʣòŪܶοͲҪˣǰ׷ѹ
Х˵ǾԵȡ
Ͻûط䣬ע
ХͷӦ
ϰοЭ˫̷ɢ
Хӣ˵ȻȥץͷֵͬĵͽҰ޴ʣȥ׳һ֡û̫ʱ˵Ǹʱ򣬾Ҫˣ͵ʱһȥ׽һҰޣ˵׺ſ˽ϵ
Ȼ˵ûеĶף˵
ХҲ뵽ˣ˵аͻƵĹӣ׳ȥ֤ЧԺǲţ͸˵ֹӻȡȼֵҰޡô㿴Ű졣
׻Х˼¶һ˿ƶģһõġ
Ȼ˾һ뿪С
صԺ󣬻Хر˱򣺡ǹ
Ҳ§ס´漸Ӻɿ֣ȴص˵ͷ
һ񣬾ͷͷж
ڵĻХԸһҰѾһףѰһҰ޵ټҲ䣬û϶ʱ䣬Ѿ˸ɽҵпܴһҰ޵ĵطͬʱģҲ峤ӵеǰΪХİ£ֻҪǰûйžܾ͵ӣͲúֱӽȥ
ûԥƿƤ˽ȥ
ʱ峤պþںİ¡һλͬΪĴԻ³Է
򣬻ºкһԡ
Ծɺ󣬲ԻХĻӲܡ
Ǻܿ죬ͻ£渵Լ֮óĸ֤֡ݡУ𽥴Լۡ

ڻХʱ򣬳ϽҲûţҡڵ˽ߣֵطŴԼ롰ܲҵǳһȺкôĶͱոյЩ⣬Ʒ׵ЩܲסЧðֻϧ̫ˣ̶ʱȷŪٻ
ڻ̫ôߵ⣬λϽ˵治⡣
һһֱڿҿҾӪģȺҲӴ󣬵ȼԽѪŨȸߵٶԽ죬ƷԽߣλҲԽߡ
λϽΪˣĵλ˵ȺǴظṩԴͷĲƸ࣬ټ峣ж񱣬׼˺ܴռĴģÿʱÿ̶ᱣ֤ԼŵġôĴѾ򵽵޻༸ʮҲڻ¡
һȦ󣬳ϽȷʵҵƵĶˣܿϧЩҲصġ
صľˣصǸֲҲ
˽̶ܴԼҪ󣬳ϽͽСоһطˣҪǻûеĻҲֻûȥˡ
Ժ󣬳ϾͿۡ
׵˽ףÿһ׶кܶöȻ׵˽׵ҪϺܶ࣬ףôߵȼҲòϰǵҲ޷ء
ԳϽ߹һȦ󣬲֪ͻ˼ʮҳȥ
ǵģʮ򣬻Ǻüꡣ
ЩûԼģÿ˿۸͹á򵽵öҲвҪģû͸νˡ
Ͻδ
ͬʱҲҵһЩո򵽵ͬҰޣͷͷ򣬼۸˵˽Ļ˵㣬Ұ޲ܶأͬƷ׵ģ϶ͬһλ
ȫˣֻϧҲࡪҰ޴ǻХģһˣʱôҲޡĿһ˺һˣԺҲڻȾ߻ɹûôԡ
ϽеƷٿһ顣
ֻȥüҡ

ԭ峤ڳʳͻȻټ˲׳һЩΪʳ޵ĴԵ㳡ϼϡ
ͨ£Ƿʲô»ضĽղŻֵģԲʲôգôѵʲô鷢
ǼԺ󣬲ŷ峤û˵ʲôֱӽаš
ֵԶӱɽȴҪʣµİ˸Զе߸һɽֻһԶڲﱣСˡ
ЩԶӽɽ󣬱ֹٶɱĵͼҰޣȫ͵һɾɽԶԺʹҪɽÿһͷҰʰɾͬҰ޵ѻͬһطɻХþͰ峵ߡ
Щţһͷˮ
峤ʵǿˣѾᴩԭ伸ʮ꣬Լʹ㲻ףջⰲš
͡һɽɻ¡


264 
Ͻһͨ, ХǱѾ˺ü⣬ȫʺȺģҲ, һ
ХһϽһֱôˬȻʮ, ̻ȥ׻㱨, Ұ׮ˡҲ׼е£ԱȫԵҰ, ȫɻХ򵽵ġʺ˵Դȡ
ԭæ˸Ȼ졣
һнܵõԴʱǾ͸Ϊ֮ǰæµʲôԹˣ, һ׮£
ʧٵĺܶ೵⡢ϺԴѾתñǰܶĻХһ¡

ϽôһˬĿˣȻҲᱻ֮ע⵽
籾ǸԼҼһӴο͵, ο١ʵ, ӰԺȤȻҲҪٺܶ࣬ǲôæġ
ûο͹ѯʵʱҲͱֱ, еظԪһ
ʱ, ﴫƻ˵Ϥޱȣ˸֪ᡣ
Ԫڸ˵
[˸]
һ㶣˸ʲôֵðԪһ᣿
ô, ٻϵͳԼǰ, Լ΢̧, 嵥Ͽ˿Ȼеɻ
[룬ˮͦġĳϡǸ׵ģǸе㲻Ծֻܻǧôһֱһֱ]
ԪѸٸش
[⣬߽׿ȫƿظԼϢϵĵͽսʱ㣬ֱӰ80%ԼҪʱ򣬻Դǵϰһ]
һ㶣ϸ룬ҲûʲôֵģЩϵͳļᾧҲдһЩ飬Ҳкܶȳ廹ֵġֻľڼȡǰľӪϣô̫صġñȽϼԣҲ͵ñȽ
[Ǿѹˣ⻹Ǹͻ]
Ԫ⣬ԭ
[Ұ޶԰кܴôӦÿԸĿ˽ڵĽ׹ϵ㰴ƻٴͶſʱҪҪȺһţ]
Ȼ䴽ЦЦ
º͵ϵͳǲһԪ˽ˣ֪ʲôὨˡ
Ҳ˼
4飬ֻ1ܴ󣬵Ұȴǡ÷ϳϵ󡭡ȵȣãֻǸҰ޵Ѫã
뵽紫Ԫ
ԪѸٸش
[󲿷ֵҰѪãĿǰ91%]
缸ɲصͷôֻһƷҰ޵ܶ࣬ÿһЯķϢЩͬ۵磬ӦÿԸǸķȥٺôõңԴ籾Ҳвٺô
ȻһΪˣҲԼǰȥչԼɱҰޣǼʹȥʵҲᱻѹǸ۷壬Ҳһ۷壬ʲôӡ
ڴǸҰ޻᲻ᵼ¸˿㡭ҲҲ˵һֻЩҰ޵ҩǮҲҰޣ˵֮ĽԭͬЭһĳĳЩƷ۳ޡӰ쵽ʱͻִ߷ƷԱָԷչ
뵽Ҳ˾
[´׼࿪һЩ磬֮ǰЩ硭СǧˣʱԼĿ˾ǲͬ顣ǧǿÿſѡšбȽֵÿõοֱͣѡǣûо]
[һĻϽҲһλʿˣȺڲṹ⣬ڿֱӰſǰſ]
[Ԫ˭ã]
Ԫش
[ϽֱģֱӸɣȺʱһһſ]
˲ͬ
[пϽδغܿϽſϽ;Բӣܺܿ׬һʡ]
Ԫ˵
[ԡ]
룬ʮ泩

һܶСǧ˽ƹģǧο͵ԺǵļʶҲڽԵõĶҶаĶаѴˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ҲܵõģôƽףرһЩֶΡֶεԽû˼ܷԽá
ܵõһЩͽ׵˽̣ӴĿҪôܳҵλߡ˷ѵ㷨ҵģҪôǧ紦ƫƧĵײ㣬ʹȴԿҲû;õԼĺöҲŻᱻЩȽϵͽ׵Դ
ˣĿǰõӣҡ
׺˵ӡѰӻӡƿ֮ԪҺӡ񳾵ĽʬӡˬĹӺͰľӡ
ϲǮİ׺˺洿ưֵİ칫Ͳ˵ˣȻûôıƿ֮顢ĮһӺ񳾡ʦˬҲ˸Եӣ˺ģµġ
籦ƿ֮ԪҺǳı壬ҲڵǸزôѾˡԪҺ۸ʵ̫㣬Լӳۣʱȥܶ࣬Ҳ׬˺ܶࡪԼԣޱûʲô𣬱ϾֻҪеԵͿˡ
纼񳾣绹޾ĺڰ֮УʹġɡеİҪɵԣҲҪĺܴģһСľͱԷҵ̣ᷭǰҲܴ⡣ҲΪܴκһǮĻᣬϾռϷ磬ľܵ㹻Ǯȡ㹻õԴ֮ǰĸȾ߻׬˷ǳôԼЩǮһʱ֮ãҪӴ˰ǣҲǲܵġǣ˽̻ʼټиһȥǿ߿˸ᣬһ󣬾оʼĸԼɢԳ׽ʬ
Ҫǿǣ׽ĲĽʬʵһ׵׵ģɫĽʬŮ³ΪʬԺǵòѾˣҲҪǵĵΣٶģûʡ
ǵ뷨ǣѲ׽ĽʬĲбʶ״飬ֻ±ܣֲһķ䣬ýʬܹ˵⣬ЩʬҪһҩˮУҩˮǿǵƤԸǵķɫǵ٣ǻǰò
Щʬÿһͷ׵׸ߵġĿܣ۳ڣʺ
Ȼ󣬽ʬǾͱ͵ˡ
Ǹ磬ǱɽʬģѾȫʧȥʶѪֲбҰٷְٷӸһĽʬеĻڸʬʱ潫ǷճɻҽֻǰʵǿĽʬŻᱻǿ߻ߺܶ˺ץȥƳػܣΪǵĲбʶ󣬴ʧȥһԣʹΪػܣҲֻΪܴڣ˵ֵбʬ˺ҧٺ֮ǰһʩչʲôھϸĹҲսĽࡪǺл˱ʬҧȷûԺ󣬶תɽʬǰԶԼʶԼĽʬͬΪͬǵܡ
ˣʬܶˣ֮ԻҪһоҲǵĽʬԭ̫ŵοͣҪ㡰ݡҩˮѡϾǱǸδ궼ʬϰΪԽʬòûʲô־ȻҲûʲôʬաˡ
˵һˣ㶼սʱ˼Ҳͦġ


265 ˬĵ
ò˵, ǵĿǻǺеġ
ֵԶӲȻҲкܶ˸Ӳʵۣͬʵǰ, ôһ󲿷˻ѡ۸õġĿǣ
ʬҲοܣںܶ綼壬Ҳ˵塪ҪȻķͬҲô籣鶼βǣԺܶԭ͵飬ΪӽıʣҲһ˵
仰˵εֵ, ھΧ֮ڵģôʬֵܵŪøÿһ㣬Ҳܱ͵ġ
Բ˵ͦȫ
ʵҲ, ǵ˽, ܶŵĽʬܱڲͬĸ棬ÿһˮ׼ϵֵÿһ϶ɢа൱˵ʡ
ȻȻģҲܶοͽȥ, ̲סһ, ΪǵرģĻ, ϾǶһˡ
⽩ʬܵķӦʶʱʧȥһԵ⣬Ҳʲô⣬һһһϼ, ʬܻܷӦ, ǰֻ, ΪڽȺսһһȺ˷ԵУʬܵԾԲôһ˿ǲܼʱ㿪ԸĹֻʱػڸ˵࣬ϸֵֻ
ûΧȦΧȦЩûĬһ̶ȣЩʬܶǿӲյġ
ȻƷȱ㣬Ҳм˵ѣǻͬĽʬཻܻսչʾ
ǣչʾˡ
һ׽ʬܵ׽ʬܣȫˣǺҲеƲĵطǾ˺򡢻ХһΡ㡣
Һúһ֯Ѹǲλϻȥ׼
мοֱͦģǻ˸ơòôףҲûϵɸѡһ£ŵı׼ҲǿԴﵽġ
οǷ׷׸˺
ǵһ˽̣Ҳ׬ġ

ٱλˬʦӾܼ͡򵥴ֱˡ
Ǹġ
Ʒƿ֮е֮ͬǳǱ
ˬһλʲôʽһĴʿʵ൱֮ǿõһַţ԰ѹ
ҪǰǲͷµģҲżǸͽܿϲҪһֶΣôʱѡԼŪⶫ
Կ˽Ժ󣬹ˬ뵽һĥǣ̵ͽܵķ
Ǿǣͽ˽̵ƹ
ֻҪǴͽˣҲͲȥֳ󵽱ġ⡱͸ʦТˡ
ǵģˬãͽ֮ڣΪ̫ˣΪǵԵʰɣԽǸϵѹԽ죬ǿҵʱТȻҲǲϲͽܾТֻͽܵŤˣʲô취Ҳܾ˾Ժ뵽ͽܺԽԽҲԽԽӣżŹͽܵʱ򣬾е͸ˡ
˵ͽ￴ӣӹɾһͽܾĴ÷ʽĶͽҲǻа
ΪĿģˬȥ;ãСǧҲãǧҲգܶ綼ȻǺΣյģȻΣյģôеѹ׵ֶξͦõģ밡ģ뵽ǸķӡãӦĿǰóƷУ׳ֵˡ
뵽ˬж൱ǿˡ䡣
һȻǹˬģһͽܵģͽһأԼҪһﱸҪͽܵʵҸͽһѶ൱񡪡ȻԼ
ǸͽֻܶǰȻǰأǰȥ£ˬͲˡ
Ҳûõġ

ˬĶʼ
⻹ǺģԼĹҲյúܴ죬׵ĹֶοʼһֱĽס
סһ׺ͶΣˬȫע۷弶Ĺķʽж֣еССƼȭǹСЩ⣬һЩķʽͱעȥһͨǵͨԺڻסҵͬʱ˹ʽֻҪûгͨķģᱻȥ˵ˡ
ݲͬʽǿ̶ȣ۸Ҳһ
һ֣ӹǸƷģһ£ѹ׼
ȵסĽ׵ʱ򣬹ˬûֻѡ۷ˣȻĽ׵ԼҲû۷壬Ȼ۷ġ
׵Ĺѡӵͼ𵽸߼ٵ۷壬Ľ׵ѡͼǿһСҲǹԽǿԽǿģ۸Խߡ
ЩҲףʹˬѾĽǿˣָṩѵһһдҲļġÿԼեɺ߲ݵһֱʩչţ󣬿˵൱ƣ
ȺöȥˬԼôѹեԼȥܻ˸ʱһӣѾɵȫ˽ȥ
ǸʱɵѾԶѳ˺üСɽÿһͬƷ׵һСɽǰƷ׵Ķ൱࣬סĽ׵ģҪٵöˡ
һСǧ絽ǧο͵ˬ˽̹ȻѣǸͽܻԣҲһˬʼ򷢿˽̣ÿһ춼æýŲմأǰѰҡ⡱ʱ䶼ûˡ

Ĵͽܣ˿֮࣬ˬе۵ġ
ۿǧοҲȥʱͽѾ۵ԴһһģۿžҪ˯ȥˡ
ˬȻУͽܵߡ
ͽܣ˿촽΢΢źϣΪ˯ʲôΣ߶ʲô
ˬ룬΢΢

˵ʦ𡭡ǰ쿴Ҫ򡭡͡ʦ𡭡
ˬ
͵һһ䣬תͷҲصسȥ
ΪʲôˣҪôТ˳
ţˬ߳ɺ󣬵׻ת
ͷŻźȻ˯İеĹâ˺üΣľҲٴγϵ·˲һڶԺǸѾȫӵĿļһ
գˬһ䣬гһ̺ӡ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱŪĸĶҲе㱣ůðɡ
ˬ̺Ӷ˻Եϣ׺ݣȥȴᡣ
̺ӸԸˡ
ţˬٴ뿪
뿪ˡ
˰ɣˬ֪ڼ룬ͽԼյģҲȷʵТ˳Ǿɡ
Ǿ;ɡ

ڹˬߺżӣԺۡ
ֻ˯ûʿʱҲָһ㾫ˡ
֮Է֣ԼϸŶ
˲ͷӦˣ͵ص̺ӵңһʦˣһʦŵģʦȻ
ȻһȦûҵҲǺܸˡ
°ͼ꣬һţϴοʲôطţͷȥңʦһϲġ


266 С
еһ, ʮ׸ߵĴɡ֦辶ܴ׳辺ſĲֽһ, һž޴Ϻ, һɵСݡ
, ߸ߵ͵͵źܶɫǵ׺, кܶſ֦Ѿ, װ̵ҶƬԼǵ㡢ͷ׵Ļ
СʵһС, Ϸһ, дšСꡱĸֺ֣֣ѱ, һۿȥʱ, ʲô˼
СݵҲ֯, ˿̴س, ¶ŵĻܡſڵҲźܶ, ÿһ϶źܶٱ, ʢźܶ۾µġͬƷֵˮ, ֻһ˴Ρ
ŵǰһľʵСƽ̨˳Ѷµķܳݡ
ܳݺƽȥ, ˳Ż, ұߵһĽ, ֱԿ̳ģ̫һ˲ߡ
ʱһųǹοߵ£̧ͷݵֿ֣˿ݣ˼ץֱӵȥǴӽȥ
ûοͻȻ䡰ಡ졣
һ˲֦ϣȻͳ˼һҶӷεˣеĴ䷢ۣеĽۣеĽۡ۵ȣŮ⣬ǻ߿ɣ߰ţһֳֻԱߵÿһӯϲõЦݣؿ·ο͡
οͱһֱӶһƯŮ̱ͬʯһ۾ɲǼ䣬͸оԼĺ񱻺ˮϴһƵģеƣʱʧˡ
㡢ã
οͳɵؿڡ
ǸŮüЦɫĳ⣬ҲƵ˵ãҪʲôأ
οͷӦλǾСġƣ
Ůеģƽ˵Ҫܡ
οͻ㶵أͷץŮԱһһ˳˾Сſˡ
Ůοһ߽Сװγ飬ںܶľͷܵ·żΣشһ׶ߡ
ŴɫɴıŮ鱧һһϣϸСգƤ߶Ƥѩһ𪣬һƬҶ˳ɭֵȻϢ
οͿһ㶡
˵ӦǸӣɲ滹ǽԺ󣬶о·ǸԴһ
ԵŮϵͬ飬õЦЦ
Ůͷ̲᣺Ҫʲôأ
οſڣҡȿһ
ǰƢǺܱģطı겻ˡ

õľϲѣԴÿһοͣǶ̬ȥʱر˳۵ĿˣԸһЩƷ
ղţǸԴСǰͿʼͺظദıųǹοͣȷһЩһЩƷɵ뿪ʱȴŮ˼ŹӣǸоһѲҩõ˾鹫ףһŲɣȫǸˡ

һͷԪΪѾӴһοͣοʹΪ׷Ѱʵǰ˽̣֮ǰСǧο͵ǿе̫ôе£ϺΪ͸ģȻõܵǻţֱӰǸȥԼϹȥˡ
һȷǲҪ֣Ϊ⣬ô㲻˼̫׽룬ЦסԪһ𡰹֡ȥˡ룬Ŀռ£ҲǴһ۲͡ʱ򣬸Ƶ⣬еġ
ߺ󣬾ϺֲԾؾ͸Щ
ȻһЦӡ
ҲǾܵһֿܱȸʹһڡ

ΪһʼҲûȥ˽˽̣ûʹԪЩ˽̶ʲôģżһҲˮںԪһ䣬Ҳò棬һǶԼ̵øС
˼粢ţʡ
·ϵ˽̣Щǲ̫п˿ģҲɡ硱ݽʶˡ
ϤģȻԪعϾȥ׹ȽϤľ½ˣǵӻһ

ߵԪع˽֮ǰᵽһеζ˵ĸо
룬Ԫ˵Ԫعĺǡ׶ŷùʦϣһЩõ֣
Ԫͷǵġ䣬Żֻ׺µã˵ζܺãԲһλУãεѷɫܶ࣬Ҳг
ЦЦԪǰ˼ҲûнȥֻԶԶơ
ڽ׶ŷĿģȥܿõţҲûųϸƷζŵáûǴĻ֮ǰˮƳĴ׶ŷҪڵĿܶࣿ
ϵͳ忴һ£ǣ嵥ʾ׵Ԫع˽̵ʱȫģҲÿ춼ڸıġǾϸ㡣
粻ʧЦ׻ûȥɣǲ˼úá
һΣպ½˽̸
½ӣƷ׵ķƷ۵࣬׵ģ֮ǰúܻҪԼ۱ȺܸߡΪټ˲ͽЩͽҪһϵĲף׵ֵҲرעԼôϣҲǺܴġҲͦο͵Ĳηı䣬ܶοͳҲڵ࣬Ͳˡ
յӣ֮ǰõǻǲݺһЩҩġ
˵ô⣬ϴСǧеһСС־ѲĹϵǴοˣǸʱοΪ˵˻ΪʶĹԸ߶Էûǲ˺ƣɻǲ˴οǰ˽̵󣬲˽򡭡򻯹ǲݵ˶࣬ҩĵ˸࣬͸˸Ƶġ
ʵϣп˻οͣкԾͻᱻͳһ룬ڡ˵˵˻ĺֱӱǸεο͸ˡպİˣο¶һʱûӦֱ˵ǻǲݵôʵϣΪʲôӦΪȷ򻯹ǲˣҲȷˣȷ޵ķˡ֪Щϰ繵ͨ˳˵˹¡
ȽӴһοͺ͵طӦʵ˵οûϵʱҲýˡ˵ҲûҪͣΪУԴͬҪ˵˻Ǿ͵ǣǵһԺ󣬲нһתΪεĿܡȻûʲô⣬ҲͲطǵ˵ô˷ѿ಻˵Ҳʲôıġ
֮ɺϣպҲץסᣬܺ
ȻΪһ˵Ʒ׸ߵԵʣҩƷ׽ϵͣصͲǰ

ûȥ˼⣬Ԫǰߣߵ˾Сǰ档


267 ο
ɺϵ, 翴ǸǹοͱһλòŮ뾫Сȫ̡
ü˵С껹ͦоɫġ
Ԫ֪ʲôȤ˵ոǸο, ġ
һ, ͷ˼ǣڱʱͻȻӵɸѡǲѡҲУͦõġ
Ԫ˵ԡǻ磬Ǿˡ
һ֣֪ϲʲô

ǻ磬˼壬һǻꡢǻҪŴε硣
ÿ˶ʱ򣬾Ҫһǹ⵼ʱַžͻǽǻѡ
ͨ˵Լûи֪ʵڵǹʱ, ľǸԵֵǳµǹˡǾѵʱ, û, ͻӦǳǻ꣬ʶӳճԼıǡ
ŴΣʹŸ磬˳ǻʱᱻǹһ, Ժܴ, ȫǻʿ䱾ǵϳ̶ȡ̶ܳȡ
ǵģ˳ǻһǷǳϵ, ֻ˵һﵽ˸ǻʿﵽӳǳͱ׼, е˿ܸüǳԵ֡, ʷ̫ãһʮǵ϶ȣܸһǳ϶ǣڶǣ϶ǣһǾǺ޹⣬ʹֻһǳԵֵģҲδʺãҲֻܸǳж϶ȣʣµİȫǺ޹
Ʒ׻֣Ӵһǻ󣬾ͽףȻ㡢ΪһףĴ㡢Ϊף㡢ߴΪף˴;ŴΪĽסǻ磬þ4磬ǻߵ߾磬Ľס
ľߡ
һŵĴھһϵĥѺﵽ۷塢Ϊһ֮Ĺ¡λԸҲڱȽģһΪֻܶһ־ͬϵĹΪӣûкܶôеĴôһר顣ֻ鲢ռݴݶϾڵһֱԺܴΣգͬ顢顢ͬȵȣڰĸй٣ϣܰġ
˵ող˵ĳǹοͣպþӵĴʦ֡

ϸǻľ顪ȻڿʱҲʱҲһɨûô棬ڼھ򣬲ؿһ顣
ܶ綼࣬ʵܲһ͵ģҪҪҸѧϰĵطеɣеѧеѧеѧԺеһЩʲôǻҶǣһʽȫĵطҫѧ
ҫѧΪֹÿһֹԱеĳһǳҶǽǡͬʱÿֹɫǸˣǸ÷ֹĴʦֹ֣λʦ֣պþǳǹοˡ
󼽺ҶǣҶǽֹͶǳչˣԼʦҶΪ״ӣΪҶǣϧԼϢʱ䣬ÿҶιУҶѸӦµĵתٵʵԼѧĵλ
Ϊ󼽵ĴڣҶǷɿϰѧûаʱ˷ϣͻƣں̵ܶʱͱƽ󼽵ĳ̶ȡѧﲢʮ̫ƽģ˼ҶͷͣҲǰΪһҶʵ󼽣ͻΪʦ֣õֻдʦֲܵõķԴҶԼҲԥԼǷӦ΢÷âⷴ˶ԼжĴʦ֡ȻԼȴ⣬ҶǲԥʱֱӸսһʱ޷ԼҪãұʾʹҶڽҲԼĽҲǷɿģʦֵ֮ӦԾ
󼽵ľٶҶѹӴͻľʵˣҲûв˵ͷ󼽶Դ˺οԸչҶǣҶҲ󼽵ֳһ
Ҷ󼽺ս
Ǹʽ΢ʵһֱ޵вͬǼȡǹǳһͬʣÿÿʤһиǹбУҲʵ岻뱻𣬾ֻܷͼǿÿһ궼Ͷǻʿǿս
ҶѧǿսˣڿҶǵʱ򣬲֪ô뵽ԼΪ̥е׵ܵܣΪǸ⣬ĵܵҲøҶһˡûŰҶǵֻܵܵΪʱһͷԼҶǺԵһʼչЩչˣҶǱԴƷֱһܵһҲƳԼսʱ䡣
ҶܶһûʲôĵģҲͺܿȥս󼽵ʧȥܵܣкܴϵĸĸǿսսʿΪһ޵ͻȻϮĸײŸշָеСʧȥĸĸ֮£ӻɱޣ󼽿ѧ󲻾ãٴͻϮһΣĸĸҲ޵С
󼽲ܲޡ
󼽵߲ãʵҲǴٽҶ̬ת֮һ֮ǰãСӸ飬ȺдģսްΧСȫûΪʵǿŵҲ޿СҶǵõϢ󣬼ȷŭģ޵ĳһֱΪ̬ûɵɱУøǿҲޡ
Ȼԭˡ
һε󼽣ڱްΧŲסʱ򣬵õеһ롣
Ȼ֪Ǽ٣ʲôطۿҪûˣʲôҵӦʧس

翴Դ΢
һֵĽɫǸ֧߻ͦģֻеοͣҲ֪Է˵㲻١ʵҲȷˣΪָһʱڶԷռֳλĴ䣬󼽵˵ﵽ
ԪҲ߽˾Сꡣ
һϵͳһʵԶǣֻ΢ڣȻ룬ûκע⵽ǡ
Сܵ͵
͵ؿŸմսƣɢ״̬൱

󼽵һ׵ǿߣھС걻ȻϢοĺ󣬾ͿʼŮĽ£ɵȥƷ
һ·ĽܵŮͬ飬Ȱ񾲣Եøӻ顣
׵ǻʿﵽ꣬Ŀǰֻжʮ꣬ȲҶǵʣѧʦҲʲô˶ģͬеšΪڱ±µֻмʱѡǵûȡңùС
ڽкܿ췢ԼþȣȨ󣬾ȡ2000˵㣬ȫɷҡÿһ˼ֵ50ң2000õʮңҪȥҪͻƣôҲҪλСǣȡȥҡûлȡ࣬Ϊ˵޷ͻƵףǼʹͻҲǺġףͬУһǳͨûսԡ
ʱ󼽻ʣ°ҡ
ȹ˶ʮħᡣ
Ծ˾˴Ȼ˶صˣֻҪ˺ᣬܹȻٵػָơ
ƾᣬ¶ʮ;ᡣ
һ˺ԺѸٴ뿪ǳԾŮֱʣҲһ󼽻޵İΧֻҪʹһ˺ᣬͻᱻռ֣޵Χ


268 Ľ
˾, ˺ܶ׾鹭
Щ϶žеħӡǣʸʱŷǳߵƷáڶԸϣޱȻ԰Ѵ󲿷ֱмʸϵǹ, üʸԴǵƤ, ǾļʸͲͬ, ޸ľ֮, ƷҪɵöࡣ
󼽻սսʣǾܶġ
ҲҺãΪԼǰǸڷܵ, ԭʹдݻĴﱦҪ˵ٹˡ
˾鹭, о, Ǿþ֮ɭģڱ֯Ĺ, ԾԾذȻħ͸ȥӵзǳǿı
ͬҲǺҪսʡ
֪, ⾫С, 㻨෨ңͷʣµ, ֻȼǧĿȻ⻹ٶɶԱ֮ǰʽ, ٵ
Դ, 洿, ֺܺÿ͵Ե, ǵСôණ;е㲻˼
룬ƮƮ⣬ȡһװˮӣ͸󼽡ʲôرõĶζܺãھ֮ɭϲĹӣҲժ˺ܶοšϲοͣһ
󼽱һˮһʼûӦ㶡
Ц͸ģͷ룬˵Ʒ
ôʦ֣սϽãǺܻῴ˵ġһۿǵһۿ˼
ɵЦЦлл
󼽵ı֣Ҳˡ
ಡоŮ˼ǵ΢ƮҶ֮ϸȻֶЦţ׷Ҳ˵㶫
ΪʲôͣԼοͽô̫˼ҲԼĶο˺ö࣬ҲҪһСƷ
ûһӣ󼽵Ļͱˡ
鹫ǧӯ󼽵ǰЦ񴺷硣
ţΪЩĸĸҲƷˡ
ҲûƷͣժС׺ŵһ˲ݣ͸󼽣һף
ףԺܰ˳
󼽲˵ʮָжҲֶݡ
֣صպСƷǱʾ˸лڼĻ£뿪ҾСꡣãһλȥԺ϶һֱطġ

ʵһдοͲ٣ǰʱο̫ˣǷҲû˵仰󼽹ʱСġҪٺܶ࣬ôһοͽǼټġ
Ԫվڽ䣬̲סЦЦ
˹ԼϢþû֣ߺ󣬱Ӧˣ󼽸߲ԶͻȻ˺üˡһСôһСദʱ䣬ҲǻԵɺˡ
Ȼ˼ҾҪдĿˣҲͲˣ£ɴ໹ǸԪһ뿪ٿҪʣǲַʲôɡ
Ҳйô

󼽣Ǿ鹫ףã˽ѰԼҪĶʱһר޲ϵӻ̡
ӻ̵ˣǸ޵󼽲ʶŮӡ
󼽴ŲµλӦǸͬһˣɼȻʶҲûŹȥڨʲô
û뵽ǣʶȴʶ

ԶԶؿ󼽸ӵĻ棬΢΢ü
Ǿ仰ԽԽ࣬ÿľῴҲÿĿ˵߶ᱻע
ܲסոտ󼽵ģҲ˳һЩϸڡ

аĽֳġȻʣʵϣĳ಻ǹңϢҲƫ䣬ֻҲͦó˽ˡ
Ҫ˵ֵҲԼȡģħߡ
ħרȥӳɫСҵԺɱȫٰѹȥɼֵطͷƣΪħߴ̽Ϣ˳һЩ֮¡
Ľ°ȥСɫϵȣҲܺãҪͷƵġħߵĴȥߣԺͰˣλȨصˣǱħߴ޴ĺôħ߸ȡĽⷽ淢չҲֵطɫ
ħߺ󣬰Ľѧ˺ܶԼѧĶĵܽӴġԭľУǱ˸ȳģûմɫֱ֣ӾԼסǰĳ衣
òŬҲչһЩͬ飬ʵüΪ󣬾͸Щͬ顪ͬһЩͶŮӡһͽǧΪùĹרŮӡʵûʵһЩӻҴպһ㡣
ĽԭﲻʲôϷݺĽɫҲǺ޴ڸСһŮսΪǿУŮ˽ߣ뾡취ȥȣȴʱʧȥŮӰŮҲָɵűȵ裬;뷽跨ƴ˶ˣĳطǧ˸ˡȻҵټҹǧǽȵһϵеľ顣
ڰĽľʵиϸڵġ
Ǳ˾ȳġ

˳Ǹϸڿ飬°Ľˣе⡣
󼽵ĸĸ

ҫѧķֹʦ֣ܴﵽλŬԼʶֲŬԼģʵĺܴ󲿷֣Ȼĸĸ
ĸսܻ󼽣󼽲ʱ򻹻϶̥滹ܻô꣬ȻҲʲôˡ
λҲҫѧˣͬһֹʦãΪһദ㺣˳½ΪޣҶսϷɱƴΪ御
ûս֮ǰҲҪȥģΪһС£Ǵ˫˫жôͬӡĳطǸħߣ֮̽󣬷Ĳ״Ǳħ߶ԵİĽ˵ǸȻɶڵʱѾﵽһ۷塢ѰͻƵ׵ĸ˵Ͳʲô̫ѽ⡣
СЭ˵ǸħߣҰѵʱħȫȻ̸ڵģܽҲֻеʱǸħߣǱѧѧȥ鲢д
֮ĸͼȥˣҲûаն·ϣϾǳĴ̫ˣܲÿһμסɣ
ûסǾˣȴܲסˡ
ĽʱҲʮˣڱȽġ̵ǸպñȣºܿͻᱻߡǸʱһжˡ

İĽһСĻ˺ܾò֪ĸݣǹòҲ֪˶ӣͰԼֹܶ˺ܾã֪ĸˣϸڵĶ̥ҲͲ֪ϢԶ˵ʹģĹע󼽣ʱѾƾԼʵҫѧվȽŸҲûʲôģֻܸһЩϣԼæĵط
ٺ˵սϡ


269 Ľĺ
Ľʱܺ, ԼΪ󼽻úܺãʱԼĶˣһķչԼǧ, ЩΪġ˲Ůǡԭŵǧĵλһ㡢ٸһ, վȸźȥ԰ݷ, ûܱĸĶ飬ϣû뵽ǣһжˡ
һΣĽϸϸ󼽵룬ĶѾ, 󼽵зʲôûüĳ, , ҲǿһЩ
ֻݹһֻһ, Ʒ, ֹܷеʦϲͬŰ, ˼һͬʣֻ˽̵ĶʦԼڷֹһ״ʦܣΪ׽, ĽŮӶûС
Ľͽμס
ʵ˼ĳ, ҲǳΪһͷʱ, 󼽵Ķʦ鷳ʱ, 鷳ҶΪŮǰǧʱҲΪ󼽵ԵʣŶҶǱӰݣҶ˵ԴǧȫˡǷˮ˵ġ
Ҷǧľ⻷бڳˣʵΪֳһҵˡ
ֻЩھǲ˵ġ
ϾĽֱ׵˵ǸȽϴһװˡ

ӾջԪһٴĴڸУȻעһĻҲ̸϶ô˵طꡣ
Ҳᷢһ˼顣

ĽվԼ˽̧ۼ俴ǰеƷĸߴӣһ۾ϳ˭
󼽡
֮ӡ
ܰĽû˵Ҳû룬ΪĸȣǵǼһݶ˵ľġ֮Ϊֽ㣬һ£ҲǡǰλʵԼ󼽣Լֶӵġ
룬ҪںһֶӣδҲ̫Ƥ
⣬Ľڵ͵һٿȻһ¡
ͻȻӦǰ龰¾󼽸մսϱٻǡڵٻѾǸ٣ٻǸٻ᲻ᷢ᲻󼽸ջȥ֮󣬾̷
Ҳͨп˿ıײˡ
ĽȻо飬Ҳ֪󼽻ɾǸǵĽǶģֻƿĳһ죬ͻȻսϴϢ˵ʦˡɲûϸ˵󼽵졢ĸʱģΪϢһӳԵģʹ޵Χ£Ҳʱǳսͽʱû˿ôģҪʱƽϢɱĳЩȥѰ󼽣ƶ϶ԷԷƶҲ᲻׼㹻׼ģҲôȷذϢݳȥԣû̫ʱ䡣
ֻܿţĽֻܿţĽ֪ģҲ󼽳»ڽһʱѡ

ĽٿȻΡ
ǻֻǿһЩԼʵҲǾΪѵƴǿͻƵ˶ס⻹ΪеԵʡڵõſϲһԼк֪ܶ꣬ԼڲʲôΣգȻ;ԼܳԴˣȡһŲؼѧԺͶ뵽Ⱦȥ
Ľףˣֻƴȫϣܵ㷨ңǱҪץסÿһεлģġµĹǣҲһŹһЩԴǾǸܵؿﰲԼҪȥơ
ĺü£ĽƴɱҲ֪ٴˣˣʵͻƵףҲɱ׬ķһȡʺĹɱǿĹؼٽһЩʱ͵õ˳ĽܻûܰԴȫתΪԼʵȴҲսϵõ˼ļǿ
ʱ򣬰Ľ;Ҫıһδо顣
һŷԼûʲô£ܻ󣬿˵ȴڲ֮١
ʱĽͺܽţΪڵʵʹƴԼȥսˣҲֻܴɢ޵Ǹ󼽵ġܼ󼽣󼽲ʶܴϻ´ϻˣҲΪǵøĸ¶ԸʶôˣҲ֪󼽾һγս£ΪʵԵʣˣҲûʵ󼽡ڣԼսʤ󼽡
СҲûõģÿսγǴСģҪСľܱսҲÿһ궼ȥôˡ
Ľ˿ʣµķңһ뷨ǸһſֻԼӵſʱһбѣǸУΪøҪƣȲܲڶʱҵ󼽣󼽵ֶӡ˵ĶʲôãֻԼ뷨ѡ󼽸һ˵ĸȹˣ뷨Ҳ󼽶̬΢õѡΣô׽ԼԷ
ƫƫĽȾʱʵޣ׬ķҲ̫࣬󻹻Ѵ˹Դ飬ȵֱӸһſʱķֻѣʮһһ롣
ĽಶУؽսҲԵһЩ۵ļ۸ȴߣҪһʱ䡣ҺʱһεĻĹӶһȺսΧԵߣһֲԴΪڼڷɱޣÿ̶ʱ͵һ̶ĵطȥȡұʾ֮󣬸޵һ𶨼ۡ
Լڻڼеӣÿһͷ޲ܻȡķңԱھյſǮֻȡʱʱǸ뿪еġ
£ĽѾܹˡ
ǣʱ˱Ӧսϵ󼽡

󼽼ȻŸԼͬһ徲ҲöԷɵȻת׼뿪ˣȻתͷҪߵʱ򣬱Ľסˡ
Ľ
һ㶣Դӽս󣬵ǳֵܣܾû˽йʲôӡˡַӦŵλȻʶġ
Զ˶ٺع˵λ
ĽѾӵҴҸ˳æ˵ǲ⣬ɷһ𣿡
ûðĽʲô⣬Ҳ뿪УҲ͸Žȥˡ
Ȼ󣬰Ľ֣صһ
ȫûϵܿҲûӦͱˡ͸㲻æãʲô
ĽӻǺܹϵģҲͺԥأһһʮذԼ󼽸ĸԨԴ
Ҳ֪ԭλ֮ʶΪҪĸĸôһֱڰйע
һʱ䣬Ҳ֪Ǹжʲôͺܸӡ
Ľһ˵ӣλǰΪһҪ빫ЦɣҲı֮⡣
ҡͷܣˣĳĸ겻֮ͣʵڲ˼ǹҡ
Ľȴ˵ǲգʵвҲĽᡣ
һ㶣ҲԷ뷨
Щ˵ȷǣͷͨĻȷʵӰľΪԷһܰĽᣬҲӦóȫ


270 ڶλ
󼽾˵Ȼ, ĳлˡ
ĽӦˣҲ˿
룬Ժ, ͲʱʱˣΪֻҪſڣԡֶӡ, ǲԱס, Դзչġ, ǻǿ̫ࡣǸʱҲȷΪλˣﲻôź
뵽, ĽȰѵŹϣЦЦû뵽ҪӸҹȥһС
ûɴظˡ
ܿ, С
Ľڵ쵱̣ͳԼûг۸еһЩĵرִһЩҡʱ֮ǰܵЩ, ڴﵽʮĿ
ţĽԥعһź쿨
ٻſ壬˵ſ͸ǰο󼽡
ΪеĿ, κʱκεصֻҪ㹻ȨֱͨԼſµſ, ҿ͸κ顣ֻҪԷҲܳΪеĿˡοǾֻܽܵм, ͬԿܶƷ, ǲܿſƷ, ʹٶˣҲûȨ޹򡪡ſǼĻԵпҲһʼ򣬺οֻοأ
˿̵󼽣ڰĽͬһʱ̣Լд
ѹ˲ͰסվԭأķӦްΧʱѯһ
[һ죬һȥ졣]
[󼽣ǷԸܰĽĺ쿨ΪеĿˣ]
ĽҲ֪̣æѣӣ˵ܡ
ǰĽȻ׾ô£ҲѡΣͷӦ˵ҽܡ
ţϢУˣԼθ˶ĺô
ſУˣο͡
ԭô¡

Ľһ߾صţ󼽽еϢ󣬲ųЦЦ
Ｄ֮࣬Ľһ񣬸̾лֻǡĻԵʵܡ
Ľܱ飬ȴһµģƺǷ֣Ͱڰ֣Ҳֱʲôתˡ
ŰɣûʲôģԺúûš
˵Ժ󣬰ĽӰͷɿʧ󼽵ǰ
룬û׷ȥ
׷ȥҲ֪˵ʲôѵҪȥ𣿵סˣĸǸĸ˼ҼǶȴİá
ڵ󼽵õ쿨ԳУҲԳõƷ̬֮ǰͲͬˡ
ڰĽǰ취Ի

粻ԶظˣϷݡȫˣ㡣
Ӿ֪˵Ը󼽣˾󣬱ضǻرĽſĶġ磬ⴿǡ족ҪӴ˵ֵ֪֮Ȼܹһ˳
Ķҫѧĸս϶ӪܶǼΪӴĹϵټϸ֮꼫ѣܽǵĹϵôһǰһɢްĽѣǴ´ࡣ
뵽⣬°ͣ˵ԪҾǻҶǣ˶ҲΪǵĿˡ
Ԫͷһһź쿨
ΪȻ
ܵԴҲԶǹܶİĽȣĸͻֻۣҪ룬Ѹٹſ͸ǡ
Ȼһ£ҶǵõϢŻͻƿУҲ죬صսԺ˵һսû߸սãǸʱϢ»ûܴҶǶһûҶҪôͻƣ
Ԫ˵󼽸ſԵ
ЦˣҲԡһ˵ǱͻƵĿĹͻԶһþڻþһҪ˵Ҳܵ

Ԫе˽̶һ飬ΪĺУ·ż˳۵οͣҲῴǸԵߡ
ò˵ǧĸĶ࣬ߡ֧ʲôҲĺܸӣʹÿֻٻһٸοͶѣȴÿ綼ôټǴھеģҲܻжܸǳϹϵġ
ȻˣǺ󹬡ǼҪɫǷǳٵġ
ʱôϹϵأĽǣˣϾϷҲеģдĿĳһڻڵ/кܲ۵һԱο͵˿/屻ʱҲǣۣøճһġͬnpcһģһĽ֡˵Ǹɡ֮һ屻֮һȫ屻𣬱֮һ⣬Ҳп·ĳׯڸôׯһλǿߵָ㣬ο;пǸׯͨȵȡ
߹һ飬翴˲Ȥ£ο͸˽̵ƹ֮䣬ҲżЩȤ鷢ֵͦġ
أʱȥ
ԪصӰԺʱľϺֲһʱûʲô⡣
˻ֳ֣ÿ𣿡
Ȼش𣺡ͦĵġ
Ԫ͡
һԵľϼϣҲ¶һĨ顣

ʱ÷ɿ죬֪͹ȥˡ
епڵʱſͬʱյе֪ͨ
֪ͨڶλѽοѾ뿪ʱλ˿С
֪ͨûп˽̵Ŀ΢ɣ⼸첻̫̹Ҳ»ָӡҲǣǰɳʱʵܶ˶δػᾭȥû۳ƷҲʲôһ²ȥҲпܡܽȥȥ롰ܽȥǽȻͬĸоˡ
ʱãںܶ࣬һص

κο֮֮ǰŲͬģƹǣҲ˺ܶ࣬ͽӴʱģе㲻ͬ
ǰεĻУǿ˽̵ģΪ˶ࡢԵʣ׬˲ٷҡеʵڻ𱬵ģϰҲеġ
Щ˽̵ˣϵͳϣԪ˻УҵҲ൱죬嵥һۿߣгĳƷ֮
ƹǶܸˣЩȻʧ
ʱ򣬿ɾͲٻǰʢˡ

ϺҲ׬˲ٷңûԪ׼ĿҲ˵һ˵ûȿڣˡ
ǸӰԺ׻⣬Ͷ֪⻹Ҫ籨ˣ˰ɡ
ϻΪ̫Ҫأ缸αû˼ܾǲ£ҲǿЦá
ϵô෨Һ󣬾ʹѡ˲Դ׼ǮӴԼǵȡҪǣһβҰٴβãҲǵʧҪаǣڵĻֻǰǡ
ЩҲôĵġ
ͬʱҲ˽ºֶҪһԪһȥҲᵣԼĶܵòϣѡǣһ4塣еˣǡǿմǿߡпӡ


271 Ϻֵ
ǿմһ, һ̶ʱӴָķͨҲеմ, ʹ˵ȽϴֲڣٴֲڣҲһЩá
ͱ壬˶ָӷ˲Ƴģռ䷨˺תƵȵȣӱǸһǿߣǸĳϵĶӣСͱ, ԲӽΪǿ, ҲжɫһĻ游׳ΪϣҲӻǼһȥ
֮Ǹܴĸʵǿ, ӵвó, ׸Ƶġ
˵ԭܾĺö, Ժ, ǿʱеģʷӦǳ죬ֻҪһܻȥ, Ǹ, ܴʱ䶼ûеǿ, ҲͲǷǳҪ, ÿȡҡ
壬ǡñϺֿĶ֮£͸ܵܡҲ֪ΣյʱתƵУǸãи˫ոãϾһӦأԶܵȡеʱ䣬Ǿ͸ˡ
˲˱ˣȻԪܵһԣôܵ壬͸ԪҲһƷֻһǼһĽ׶ĺöֵһϡ

Ԫյʱһۡ
û뵽Ϻֻᱳ׼һͬʱҲУ˶ǵȭȭ֮顣
ǲṼĸģ¶ϲõı飬Цؾͽ˹ҿɾͲˣϲܣȱأ
ԪҲСİѶ֣ص˵ллҺϲ
ܵܺԪϧҲܸˣϺ˿ҲЦݡ
ϳһ£ͷԺǺúõģȥģҪעⰲȫ
ЦţҲ˵ϲͺãעⰲȫ
ԪӦǻġ

У˽լ
翿ԪĻ壬е
Ԫһֱǹŵĸоĺܺá
ԪšһҲû뵽ᱻǹҡ
绹Ԫǰû˵ġ
ֹ֪ϵϧֱ磬֪ԼԼ׸ġ׻ǺܶûˣֵúȻҲΪ׸룬кöʱҲţδûһ㡭޴ġֻܾãʵϻе㲻̫̤ʵҲ̫ʵ׸½ʾ֭õģһֱǮΪͬĶҲһҪ;ͦůġ
ԪǸˣô˶ǸѧģԼ˼ʲôģ֪ûСںҲһжĲҪʲôʲôҪʲô͸ʲôԼʲôԣʲô˵飬Ŀǰ˵˸һʱ⣬ʱ򣬴١ھϺҲҲܹİȫʱ֪ôģҲ˵ĸоܹᵽһ㡭֮ġ顱ˡ
˲֪ô§ſ˺һ
ŴԪ˽լܵĳСĵذȥԪҲһѷԱߡ
˵ͷûõģ⣬ȴֵء
ԣڸܹ˵˾ͰǶúõղص˽լҲǶļС
ȻԪóһˮҲŽͬһ
ͷǸղ¶Ӱ𣿡
Ԫͷ
ü䣬ˡ
ܺá
ȵܾԺǧ꣬ⶼǵû䡣

ڵڶοͻ֮Ԫ˼ʱпʰʱջʣµƷ׬ķҡʰ³ﱸ˽̼Ӫҵȡ
ֱһжòˣҲʼǽҪ¡

һ죬վ֮칫ĹУɨΧǽϵЩŻֿһֱԼߵˡ
ЦЦԪ׼ˡ
Ԫ䣬ȴʼ͸ֻʱе飺ʱԡ
һЦȣ¿һٸСǧ硣
ν¿ҲͶһŰɫſͶŵУǿµ硣ÿɫſӦһµ磬ÿУٻһµпˡ
Ԫͷ
ɲǼ䣬ţͬʱİɫſ
ָ㣬Щſ׷ɢȥѸٵʧˡ
ͬһʱ̣ΧǽϣͿʼЩӦŻ𽥵ؿ

ܶСǧУָ飬ڸָʱͻȻһŰɫӴԼǰҲʱǶõ롣
[У֮ͨأΪſ֮С]
[һ죬һлع졣ǷſΪпˣ]
ȻȻģЩ߻ɡԥߡ֮£գҲ˾ܾ
ǶԸУȥʶ磡

ڿһٸСǧ󣬲ûмȥÿԽԽʱͲôȥϸˣڵȻҲһġ֮ҪֻСǧ硪Ԫڽ鶼ԺȻͻɸѡȻȥʡ
ڡ
糯Ԫգգۣǿǧ磬ʮǧ硣
һٸСǧ磬ֻʮңǿʮǧ磬Ҫʮҡ
Ԫͷá
һ̣Χٴη⣬ͬʱʮź쿨ֳ
ָȥ
ʮź쿨ղŵЩ׿һȫû֮ʧˡǽȥǰͬ磬سǧĳǰ

ǧ磬СǧߣҲӹе˼롭Ҳӵظӡ
֮ǰСǧʱе鲻ʲô뷨նѡͬܣȻ˳سΪпˡ
ǧ飬ˡ

ʮŸǧŻǽϴ򿪣ȴһŻٳٲܳ͡
ÿһζûзģҲ΢΢졣
Ԫô£
ԪһǸŻش˵˾ܾ˽ܺ쿨
磺ɶ
Ԫظһ飺һǧĴѡˣܾſ
һ̣ıܹŹ֣һʱ侹Ȼ֪Լʲô뷨
ˣܾˣ쿨
ʣܾ쿨ԭʲô
Ԫ룬ָ˵ǰٻһˮ
ˮУѸٵسһֵĳ
һƤ׵Ůڲһߴ˶ԶĵطһͷѾͷ­ľ޴ޣװڲʰ
޵ðü⣬ֱڽ˶ˡŮ˵ǰ
ʱһŮǰ
Ůͷػӻ֣ҪҪܾܾ

ԣԪطŵġ˾ܾ쿨ĳ


272 
΢飺еǡΣ
Ԫ˵ӳʵںϵ, ΪáԼҶͣСӸղɱһͷޣ쿨ִʱ, Ҳñߡ
һʱ, Ȼʣûе
Ԫûϸ˵ø׼ȷ, ͷʱʹϾܾˡ
磺
˵ʲôսǣ
֮, ̲ס˿Ǹľ顣
ſš
ı΢

5磬ȫ֮ս񡷡
ǸլУڵʢ, ٻ, ͻȻһ, ĳȫϢγֺһеͨȫѹ, Ӵ׷ӿȫϢΣΪȫϢε൱ϸ, ͬڵڶ磬Ҳúܶҵȫµְҵʽʵʲô, ԭһĲ, ֻҪץס, ҲܳΪ
լоܳòر˧, Ҳûкܺõļ˶, úƯ, ҵһƯĹŮѡڴѧҵ֮, լﻹŬҹ, ϧĹһ, ƢҲ̫ãЩĸÿι¾ͻ᳴ϰ߱ϰ峴һֱûȶЩף淢йԼԹΪ˼񡱣𾴣سԽȥҲԸȥҹˡ
ŮѾȰϽҪϷŮц¡ֹ꣬ҲǴȫϢνٵʱլоҪΣǵһȥ˱룬ûУǧټƵ취ܽȫϢ磬Ȼ͸ӳˣΪԼһͷءһ췢һص֧ʱŸոˣ뿪ȫϢʱͽӵŮҪֵϢ
լŮ˵ϽּŮһŮǸˡԼϹôˮŮˣֻޱȡȻصкŭҶѵԴʪˣҲҵش
Ȼլˣڴνٵ֮ǰ
ʱ˦Ůѣŭ˵ȥĸͲۡˡŮѷŭ뿪ҲһĶ
լЦŹţʼı֪Ϣڽõ롣ɹˣҲΪһȫϢεˣǰľ飬ܿΪҲҵǰ˳һ·ǰȻһԳأʵԽԽǿ齨ԼŮĽķˣڣϸѡŮ顢ŮħŮħŮʹȺüŮѣ޸ŮȻҲϲԴףΪǿԺƽ
ȫϢ𽥸ʵʵ˾޴ĸı䣬ԭȫϢõʺȫܱʵլеѪͳȫģҲΪġҲʵʲҲ֮ϣΪȫ׸Ϊȫһǿߡ
ڼ䣬լеŮѾȻҲȫϢΣҵǸҲ齨һլзǰŮѹҹߺüλŮԲλˡլ˸齨κ󣬸ͲˣȻǰŮ뿪֪ȥȥʲôĿӣլֻȻζԼΪʲôҪע۵Ůˣ־øܿЦ뿪ˡͰǰŮѺ͸׵Ժ¿ʼԼ;ֽ˼µŮѡ

ȫ鶼ˣеס
ô˵ء
ܾﲻԡ
룬ĹҲᣬլָǰŮѡۡǼֱĪҪǹǰݽģڴѧͲһ𣬾ᡰȾڡİɣǳһ͸ÿʵĻͥˣأعƳˣڼһ߹һ߼ĻҲûԼʲôݳƷ˭ҵİݽŮݽôף
һʱ棬̲סǰŮѵߡΪ֮Ȼڵһοʱ򣬸ĿһĶӽǵߣʵϣԿϸ֦ĩڵˡֻҪ뿴

ǰŮѽ㣬ѧʱϲϺܻͥһֱǰͥδһ뿴ġû뵽ڴѧҵͥôףôȰҲһһǷϣ˴ϷҲӴϷˣͥͨϷ׬ǮҲУͥż׬һЩϷ׷ͻȫȥûΪС룬𽥿κϣ
һһҪ๤ԺҪʰӣ𽥷֣ܴͥκδǸϯȫĴȫϢνٺͥ뷽跨ؽϷй⣬ΪҲϷҵ淽ʽͥϷ󣬼ŻһΣǰٿʱ´棬۶ȫϢϷǳԷ˯û´棬ֻƣͶϷ˷ܡ
´涼ûˣ룬ʲôأ
Ŭ˺ܶڸͥ˷֣ǰ׻Ȱ˵ͥһΣȰԺϽһЩ
ӱ˿е֪ͥϢһڣȻǷֵһ죿ΣĽᣬ˺ܳʱŴ߳

ž飬еꡣ
λǸù

Ժ㻹취׬Ǯʱ򣬱ͥˣ־ˣһ٣˵Ǽȷŭģһͷˮشߵġһʱ˵ͥȫϢϷúܺãţͥϽˣǲΪǰĶ٣ǲǻǵǵĸ飿룬ҲͥôĲŹѻ˵ôģû취ͥҲҲýȥҲͥδ
ϵѾȫϢһѧλѧͥԣȫϢѾСӦÿԴϢѧҲչˣȻ̽ͥϢ󣬾ȥˡ
һңֻԼഺι˹ͥȷʵˣѾ˺üŮӵұúܡڿʱͥȻĳЦʱˣͥΪǿͥǮΪǮ
ΪһУȫ趼顣
ǸڸյˣŤͷˡ
Ҳڲŷ֣ԭͥ֡ӡݰݰɡ
νġǰŮԲλذˡ
һ߹һҲѧЩճû뵽ǣͥȻͷѹѧһʼΪʵҲæûз֣ѧҲû£ֱһݼٵʱȫϢŷѧȻѾ᧿Σôѣ֣ͥ
㱾ͥԻ·ֽ̽һЩϢŷ֣ԭͥΪѧһȣ֮ǰʱ˵ʲôҸҲѧ͹һˣǳŮݽŮ
һֱ̣¡
굽ǶϹһʲôƷֵ񾭲ϴѹѧ֮ǰȫ飬ȫƾԲΪѧǸѧæǹѧɵֻ΢һ£Ҳ֪ѧǸаɣѧû
ΪʲôѧæѧΪʲôۻϸ˵Ϊѧһױ磬ĿǰڹѧǼҳڹ˵ķϵѧ֮ܰҪչõġǰǸҲΪǶθƵܣҪһ˵֧š
İϸ
ǰͥһʱ򣬲Լ˽鷳ѧû뵽ͥˣôһʱ͸ѧô鷳
ۿͥƴвǸĵ㣬ֱעԼ˺ţһʵ﹤ȥˡʹʵȫϢһˣˣͥһˣҲѹûȥˣˡ
νġݽǰŮȥӡ


273 һǧ
عصϵͳ, ٿˡ
ô磬ʵǶƫģҲһǶǼԱԴ, ǰ, ԴͥģǺټģֻƾǰŮ˸ĳ, ûκܾٶԲŮȵģǾ͸ˡͨиûôӴҲϲδʲ/ҵ˻, ˻ˡҪôΪʺõδ޴һ֤ʵδ޻ļ壩ҪôҸõĹδ޺ûץסǱɣδΪǿ߲ǸͬʹĹϷݲ̫ҲǺúöԴģҲһǷǳŬģ󵫱ضϽ, ĹҲ뿪
ͥ֡


˵, Ǹ§첲ǸƤսʿĿǰѾͥ, ͥҲѾ˺üƯӡ
ǺܡĽ񡱵, ҪһӣҪĿľǽӽͥͥСɱĹﱬĽȻǿҲҪܾںܶ˶֪ϲݽŮˣһ, ɲ͵ñֳԼǴĸ
, , ܾȥеĻᡣ

ҡҡͷܾ;ܾˣԪź쿨ȥɡ
Ԫͷָһ㡣
ɲǼ䣬쿨ǸﴩУѸٵһ˵ǰ
Ǹ±һ󣬽ſ
翴Ǹ¿ˣĬĬתͷԪԪ治㰵𣿡
ԪҡͷûС
磺
治ҪԪһ䣬ΪſǡλǰŮ㡣
ȻĸоȫֱӰſûҪΪڣ緢Ĺ̫ˣܿһ˳۵ľ͸ſùҲſȻҲΪ˭˳۾ȴջءһжԵ
֪Ԫǲƭģ˵ûûô˵ʲô˵֮ͥ䣬ǡԵ֡δҲǣ˵ﻹиͬأǰע⵽ͥ͵ԵڿԵˣԵࡣ

ڵ㣬ѾҹͥҿͥΪ˵㣬ԾϹΪˣҵҵʵйءûоܾ쿨Ѿʼ̽Ѱ쿨֮ˣѾޱ𾪡
վ鷢չǸͥҪԼֶȥѹ㱾ӦҪϸһʱ䡢ֱݼٲŻȥȫϢ磬ҲŻᷢͥѧ򣩵ĴѹĵطͲȷǷˣֻʲôʱȥȫϢˡ
ıͱ綼׽ˣһʲô£Ҳù㡣ǸʱҲٸò뿪ˡ

ЦЦˣʮǧѾɹǿǧɡ˿ԼԪĴˬһ֣ʮ
ʮϿһ
ԪģûʲôӿһĨЦ⡣
ͷá

һƬ֮УɫĹ⻪ţÿһ⻪ɿ۳һɫӣ̬»鲼µ·˲Ҷ࿴ΪֻҪ࿴ô²һӣ¾ͻᱻЩ·޷԰ΣͷĿѣ
ңԽʵߵ飬Խױ·塣
ϵ͵ģעֻۣӦе

翴Щɫſǵ͡
ԣ͸ôɣ㹻Ūˡ
˭Ҳ֪򿪴ǧʲôĿˣ˵ͻа˽ǿأʵԽ߿ĶԽеĵϸ
˵ԪأĻ֮һӾ⼶𣬲ʲô𣬶ҲˣСӡ࣬Ӧ˭holdס
ɫſͺڴ׳ſ
һοǧ磬Ὺʲôأ

޾ĺڰУ߿һѪ£ɢɵĺ⡣
ѪµĹâƺܵȴƬҹգĺܶѪµյʱ򣬶ſڡת߰ѪϵѪµ
޾Ԩ
Ķħ飬̾ڲͬĵط
Ȼ޾ԨﾡĹռͷλֻжħѪͳΪ߹ģƾԨħԨħ֮ǿģԨͳ졣
ͳ켶Ķħ٣Ԩռݹĵ̺£ǵǵʱֻҪѹ٣ͻɪɪʹѪԲҲ޷κһѪµ

޾Ԩ磬ҹ磬Ѫ¾ԴΪ6硣
ڴǧУԨǵȼ͵ģҲеķһĹϵֻҹ磬ܻﲻ̫г
ԨҲǿʳ磬ĺܶ˵ķᣬǳı䡣
ҪһȣĿԨеӽǿǿʳΪ棬кܶʳݵĿ˳޺ġԨеͲͬˣеĹﱾԼģģûгɵʱѾɣܻǵĽ׶ΡԨеĹҲͬڿǵΪ￪ǵĲǵĶмӴĿǵռľԴӵиָĻߺɵ
ԨĴͳλ۶ȥûһλǿԨǷ֣ܳΪͳֻ߸λãͳ켶ĶħҪΪͳ죬ôֻɵһλͳ죬ܷλΪ߸ͳ֮һȡɵĴͳһСͳ켶ڶǸλģͳҲἫעԼеǷͳ켶Ĺ֣ܵؽмӣĸͳ켶ıرǿƣǾͻᰵг֣Ǹͳ켶ɣǿԼʵҲԼ̳ԡ
ˣԽǵڣܺ߸ͳĹԽ٣ڣѾмǧûκһͳ켶ԷƷͳ죬ֻʵ֡װʵֵڴͳָ
Ԩÿ춼ڷðе޷£ȫ忴Ƿǳȶġ
ȶر֧䣬ȶǿʳȶغ޷չ

鿴ĵһǧԨ磬ʱ㶡
硭ûоġ
ܶǰһλ֮˳ͨһλͳ졢ΪĽ׼ͽӽڹ̻ˣһµλߡǸ֮λΪĽթαװԼصļӼ޿ײ룬Ҫģ躹ޡĹӹ۾ڳΪͳҲûţôʼλûʲô⣬ΧȹˣһֱСĵذ͸ͳ˴ͳͰǡؽͳ켶ϲλνСĵضɱЩؽеĽƻ취ԼɡԼЩ̫ġĻ߲˼ȡĴͳǲͬصͳ켶ɣ˵ͻᱻǸطɣ񲻻ǿ˶Է


274 ڶǧ
Ǹ֮֮ѡ, ΪֹЪҰĺǿĽթҲСģĶħ˵ļӳ, Ȼʹﵽı׼Ҳ˳˴ƵʱĹ̻׼񡪡ǵ, ʱҲǹ̻ˣҲǺܶ궼ûйͳĸ档
ֻϧ֮ѡ̫ڣԺ󣬻ٴɿ񡢴ƽ׼֮, ǿɾ̫ˡ
ƫƫλѾǰε֮Ӽֱ͸Ƶ޾𽥳ΪǿĴͳ˻иǷһС͵µеɫӣȫеˡ
Ǿצˣµk涼ǿԭ֮ӵ嶼УҲЩ鶼ӵǿǻ, ǧѡǿģϧǻǶԭ֮ӡ
Ҫ˵ֱӸɵԭ֮ӣ
Ҳǲܵġ
ԭ֮Ӻǿ󣬳ԼֻкƷλ֮Ӳпģɲ᱾ĩá
kֻе׽, оʲô׽״̬

Ԫ΢΢Žе˵ղŸ˹ͨkܸʱҵk, ϵ
պÿ硭鿴Ǹ, ˵ʵ൱߾Ѿ˺ܶꡢµľٳ޷
Ԫͷǵġ
°, תͷ鿴Ͽӵߡ
һĸߴĶħ

޾ԨĲͬ嶼иԲͬ׼, Ϊħ˵ŷΪСħħħԨħԨͳ졢Ԩͳ죬ֱӦһ׵׵ʵԨͳֻˣԶˣΪǶӵġأֽԨһʵĶħԼռһƬأСƶͬѡ
СħѪͳǿԲϽģĸԴѪ⣬ĶħͬʱѪܾѪǲΪ̫ѪͻѪ

õſĶħǸħôȼԨҲͱ㣨Сħ֮µĵȼ൱ףǿǿײѣԶԶﲻעĳ̶ȣ߸ϵǰ֮ӵע⣬ȱ㡭
һȱ㣺ȼͣºŪ㹻õĶҲڶףĿвȼܵ͵ģҲÿһʲô磬Ԩ㵽ö綼ѣһСľȫʬˡΪĿǰ޾ԨѹûУвزơ
ڶȱħıĲߡڿսħ壬ҲȫԼΪͷԼ֫Ķħ塣֪ſǺöҪſͺѣҡºѱסſܡһסͲ֪ʲôˡ

ôʱƺҪӡ֤Ļսħڵķݴűƿһķǳ𱬵Ůħ߽欵˵սħĻ
սħЦŰŮħ§ŮħѺ촽ϣֱ˸ǡ
磺
ǲǳˮΪǿսħԽԽĶ˵ӣ˾Ҫе˵ĳ̶ˣ³ء
ãŮħܿ콿ЦƿսħղΪʲôôˡ
սħ൱ʹظŮħõһſͨſ
ٴγĬ
Ȼкܶ໥İǲģܶ˶Լ㹻εˣǰɣؿսħһں̬ȣŮħʱֻɫûа⣬ŮħսħĻԺǺܿˣ˿ǶĹâ
һò롣
΢ؿˣе㻳Ůħ᲻Ϊ˵õſѿսħɵȻɵҲòɿսħ̣ҪǻûøŮħͱŪҲкܴĿܰȻˣǿԾģһһΪ̵ͶûüأſܰסһҲû㹻ʲܸԼɣ
ܾã˶֮˵׼ͻһп˵Ѷˡ
һְ뷨
սħǲҪŮħ㹻ͽ໨ѵʱӿսħ׻˵ŮħܳΪսħǿϣսħܸһɡ

ܿ죬Ͳٿֻħˣ޾ԨҲûʲôɿģǸϣܴĿǰһƬˮҲǶʱġkʱ乻֪ġʱ䡱ڵk˵Ҳڡʱ䡱ġ
оŸȥ鿴޾ԨͲˡ
ʣµģԼôչɡ

ڶҲǺ磬һ磬ȫΪͯ
СǧҲֹ磬㻹кܴģЩǼʱΪǼʵΪ//Ӧԭ·½ԭķӺ/С/ʯȵطҵ򣬴ӶƳһЩΪ㡱ЩΪߴڵģӣĺӿҲǽϵ顭
ڰУ70%Ǻ󣬶Ǻİ壬ͬʱڲַΪܶ壬ȫǺܶСǧΪββ֣иص̬Ҳһǰ˰㣬Ҳӵж̬
˵㣬ԼצںкֱײҲӴȺͬʱӵȫ̬˰̬ȫ̬ǵľ󲿷ûʲô𣬶Χ֮в𣬱رر޶ۣǶ˵ȺеĴͨҪǾۼǵİֻϣеǴִеǴмֲĲǿһЩÿֶֻӵвͬȵȡ
ٱī㣬࣬Ƚǣǵİ˵ֻͷ仯ǵڴͨ£ʲôҲвͬչġ
㡢ࡢʴ㡢Ŀ㡢⡢С㡭ЩβȽϵһͬһΡԭʼ̬˰̬
λһ嶥˵ģ塢ͺ塣
ǵ̬ͬһ壨壩ľкܴĲͬ

ֻһ̬βֻдûԣżʱӵ̬Եǽºһ⣬ȫǸĸһĺһڳǾͻụɣͬһֻ̥
ȺóХΨżʱХĸȺԵֵһֵܵͻᱻŪڹ֮С
ȻҲ˵̬˰̬ͨ˰ս̬ȫΡʵϰ˰̬ͨս̬Ҳܹڰ˰̬ϸ˵ֻ̬
ȺЩƵģʵȴǽȻͬ
̸۴ۡʲô̬ǾģǷս̬ս̬ªޱȡǵβҲͬ˵βһ㣬Ƭϸܣɫʵһ΢⡣ƬԽϴɫҲʮѤ


275 ǧ
˵, ˿飬ǳóɼˮ֯篣ֻȫó裬ǿ, 뺣ͬǵǳö, Գջ, յҲԷǳ, ĵá
˵ս, ˱ս̬ϻһȻףצӻǳ, ͷ, ÷ǳ, رһ, Ҫֵܿĳŵ, ʵҪһʮս̬ϰҲһЩƬ, Ƥָ͡׸̬, ӵһĿƺˮ
˵ΪڲܷԵһ, ȺҲλ㶥ˣʵĵۻ֮λģԴΪΪһһʱӮ, ôǵͻΪеĵۻ, ơʡ, ޾ĳݡ
ǵ, 塣
Ȼǰһ壬кܶģ纣зꡢߡͺϺ޾ʨȵȡ
ټ壬ͳƺ塣
ЩҲͬڵĴУҲкü̬ҲΡ

˽һϵĻ󣬷Ǹ޾ԨҲƵĵط綼6磬е鶼дУǶҪѪ޾ԨҪѪͻɣҪˮеͻɡⶼϸ֦ĩڣĵһ뷨ʵǣö࿭ӡ
ԴޱȷḻģвҲк壬˵Ǻ廹˵Ǻ壬γͳĹģԻƵģǿˣԴʱʵЧʲܸߡ磿ֻҪеλߵһ£ǻܾߣ
ȻҲӵо飬ⲻ
ƾܿˣͯǰ涼޶ͯص㡣ʵǸ¼Ǻܶ಻ͬĺΪԭϰ󣬷ĸֹ£ڰ£߷֮ܶĶСֻ̺̣ܲԲǼȰڣͯ
Ϊܴ󣬺̫࣬ÿƪ¹µ˹δϵʹϵҲϵܡ˵ʲôԶǵƪе˹Ҳѹ̸֮ӵĳ̶ȡϾ¼нٸءʹżײˣҲЩƪµǴֻھ鷢ʱ˵ĲһЩ

УõϿһλӣĳ£ҲƫᣬҲĿǰʮλУսһ
κһƪͯУһһƪ˹еŮǡź⣬½ϸֲͬ塪ȡΪκһֺ壬ġ
Ȼλ˹˸ᣬϰˡ

ŹֵѸ˸صľ顣
鿴ʱ뵽ϱǸܹͯ¡ĹȻŮСӦ壬Ҳǵ׷ȴʧܣΪʹ⣬Լľ񣬷ĭлꡭ˹Ŀͷôһƣľһ㡣

˹øŻҩͿԱˣں׵ʱҲûʲôˣûȥĸˮӣϰԺ󣬻Ϊ̫˽½ǵΪʽһ޹С׻ұһӸƭˡ
š档
˹Ǻ׶еĹӰݲؽԺֵ§һҲûʲôϻֱԼս̬⻨ߵл˺ƬǸ§ŻЦĹƤϡ
ûˣƫƫ˹ƤãҲãҲ˺Ƭ
Ȼˡ
˹ûģȷʵδ뷨ҲðϲСӣֱӻƤͺ˳еǾò谮ˣˡЩ϶Ҫ˺ģ͸ɴ΢ˡ
ԡ
ķչܼ򵥣˹ͷѻӸݲؽˡǸˣǳֵǮᣨ飩ֻҪȥ߾ͿԱ֯ҲֵǮ篣Ѹٱ˸šӵļ˵Ҳһ˹ǿֲʵڵĹеǿ߶ܸ˹ȣǾ˰ɡ竣ܱ˹ˣͺ˰ɡ
Ǻ˹Ŷİһֱٶ꣬ǰʮϱСƤʼţʮ󣬻ѾϴԣһƤŪˣŻӹ˹ȥ޲Ƥ˹ȻӦʣȻͺعһӡ
˹ճɹǻңԵˡ
֮ػص˺ס
֮󣬵õλѸٸһλǿǿ׳ĺӺѸ顣Ȼ˹ΪһŮߡ
Ͽˣ
ھûϷݣΪһģսУսˡ

ؿƪһСȷʵô㰵ڡ
ûʲôϵ룬Ԫ˵ղſ綼ͦرģʱĻһȥһ䡣
ԪֱӴӦ˳
Цˣ˳
Ԫףʱ䡱ʱ䣬һ㡣

ĵ˵ƽƽ棬Ǻ硣
ܶŻ˵顱ʵһ·á氮ߵĸ˺ȫ󹬵һ
顣
ȫС꡷
7ƪϲĵһֱԼ÷ĹﱣţԼ䲻ҪԼݺŶ֮ӲٴɫȴϽԼһһⰮĽ
һо¶˴˵ļȻǾԼ䲻ΪԼҲͷƽöٱĺֲ츳ϵĲܾͬܵġҲȷһοĵӡ
쳣ģĸ˷ҪնݳǡС÷δ޻̽ϧʵ츳նɱǿУԼҲȥΪ÷⿪ѪϵļɱΪţȴҲҲС÷ˡ
˸ײİ÷װȥ÷뿪ط߾ȫ뷽跨ʵΪףʵﵽĶʱϣȻС÷
;УкܶﶼãһҲкܶﰮĽһ¶ͻ˱ᣬӴ˲ܷʲô£ԶԷʹѣҲİˡ
ɹˣߵʱھȻֿط꣬Ӵ˳Ϊɾ¡

ò˵绹ǱȽϲ˴ľ飬ԺҲøˡرϿǱõʱ͸ˡС÷ѾˣҲѾһʱ䣬ϿԺСӦܸطˡ
¶ЦݣԪֻվԼԱߣ߹ȥĻ
Ԫְ§ס
粻Ծز˲泩ؿʼ̽ĸǧ硣


276 ġ
Ҳ, Ҳ֪ͬϵ磬һôͬͬǴ΢ĩ, һ·߹, ˵ÿһŮ, ÿж͵ŮӡǶ򰮳ɺ޵ġǿ˳۵ƯŮӡ

͸ĸҸСӣͻȻһ죬ĸױץˣǸʱͻС֪, Ҳ֪Щץĸ׵˵ʲôжٱ£ֻ֪׷ǳʹ, ԴСͺܶ, ĸΪЩҪץӵ˱ˣЩڼеĵλϽͣ׸ɴʹһС, Ϊ, Щץĸ׵˷ǳ, ĸײϣг, ǸЩץĸ׵ĸ׼, ץߵԭĸױøһӵƫƫĸ׿竣ӳףվ, ͸˽, ޸ס
ֻϧ, ĸ׵仹Ǳ˷ˣڼĸ׻һС˺Ӻ󣬾ͷŭץĸסʵСطǺǿģǸǸȾͲ̫ˣû취ֻӱ˴ߣԼҲû취СطҵʵҩֻһôǷȥ
֪ºĳ޵Ǽ˺ܶ࣬ҲһҪȻĸ׵Ը֮Ϳ̿Уһ·ѣڲϱǿѰĸټĸ׵ĵ·ϡҲΪ̳ĸ׵ʻԵʣΣȻ࣬ʵĽҲǳ죬ôһ
ĽȻȻĸףȻһžۣͬʱ߸֪һĸÿ֪˺ӣЩӵʶܲСӴ˿ԽԽ࣬չһܳưһǿ塣

翴飬û̫롣
йоأҲ½ĸ˾Ϊ֮Ӿһ飬ںȻĸ׵ͬʱҲһЩĸڵ㣨ѾݺܶĶҽײ㣩ǱĬĹ̻ķչʽ˸ѪҺҲķչӿôһЩ
ˡ檵кܶӣڿÿ氮˵Ҳ˼ҸѡҲûɣڶ԰˵̬ȻľƷûʲô⣬ҲڱȽģЩҲԸˡ

ϿӵҲûʲôرģһɵŵӣƽƽߣھûʲôϷݣеһλʦŮ֮һλŵǸһĿ޵ˣԴʦҲûʲôͬ㺣͸ûʲô˵ˡ

Ͷ硣
磬һ磬Ҳ7磬ڲΪأһǷ磬ʿʵߴﵽԪӤڣҲ׼µʵڶ磬ʿʵߴﵽɽڣҲ׼µʵɽ磬Ϊʵ׼µ߽ס
ȫľɲӣԾһ΢ĩ꣬䱾Ǹ¶һײӦóΪɵĴ־ôһӵģȴһпˡˡȻʵǼʿ֮ӴͶɲѧͬʱҲڿ˼ȥѰɵ;
Ҫ˵һģĶɡ
򲻸ˣҲ˲ǣһε⣬һ˱ޣԷΪﱻϢɢѾͷ̬ӣֻʣ¼ˡСڰû̫ͬģҲǿʿһֱкȥҲʼûȥֻӲص޶ٹһӣ˺ġ޵·ȷʽȥ̽Ҫ˺üֱǽ˼㡣
ĽҲǹõģʽ̽ʱסˣɵ׳⵶Ҫʱ׻ûסԳĲ⣬һ³һϮ
öƵסˣȫãʾһ
ɾûŹȥ
Ӳԭصҹۿ޵ʬ޳󽥽ãðſ߹ȥ
Ȼѳ˴˴ļᣬоķţҲһЩͺаֶΡȫ˽һ֪Լ֮ǰĽõġ
ǸǸаŵʿһˣҲͨķţ֮ǰһ⣬ҲǶᷨŴĺô㹻޼װѾʱͽӽضᱻ޷ˣᡪ֮ڶᣬΪСģʼʮɿ⡣
ҲᶨԼɵ͵͵ذⷨͬʱҲڰ¶Լϱǿġ书ϸλáֳԼġաһ棬ҲǸ߰ԼȨûȤðڶ̫ɵҲԴһ̶Ⱥ󣬸ɡƽ֡ŲԼһнĵ·
;֪ͬҲû˼鰮ϣֻй¶ˮԵģϾҲʲôҵģֻĻǺᣬ¶ˮ¶ˮ¶ˮҲˡֱһΣԾ¶ˮԵǸ¶ˮŮԤı˹壬һֱСģҲû½䱸¶ˮŮ׼̫֣׻ˣӵһصĵط̵˺ܾã𽥻ָ
һξҲǱľӴԺ¶ˮԵմȾˣԼóһǵһǣֻԼĵġ
ȻԺҲûнܹκŮӵʾãļ⣬ôһ˵زϽΪɾ綥ǿߡ

עеϿϡ

һͷѪۿӥԭǸĶޣѾ𵤾ʱ򣬱һӵΧסҪշǵ޳衣ѪۿӥȻһ֮ˣһصСطǲɵǣպҲǸطΪܴʱ׾ٵسԣһԼΪ޳衣
ѪۿӥѺȻģˣҲԼǱˡǾôǱߣװǸӥķԸҲϡֱԼ𽥻ָһеʱ䣬ԥˣҳû񷢶ԼʱԼصͨն֮Լ
ܵ𶯣ŷѪۿӥ룬ǸʱֲҲҲ׷Ѫۿӥˡ
ֵһǣǸʱЩ޳ԼʵˣҪһû뵽޳ȴܡ
Ҳʱŷ֣ʵѪۿӥʵǶԷҲܽթ̳
ȻΪѪۿӥأҲûԺ󣬳Ŭ⣬Ҳûʲô⡣֮ԼȻˣɻǶҲеӦ֮ȥȥһ
ǸصطʱѪۿӥûȥ棬һʱ䣬Ϣȶ󣬲ĳߡ


277 ӥҩ
ڵ, ѪۿӥպøӦشڸǸܵط·ϡ
ܵطѪۿӥ֪ģⲻΪѪۿӥ޳, Ҫԭǣطĳ, ĸıֶ, 걻ΧҲԣ󴳽ȥǸ
Ǹطܻأ͡ӥһס˲̵ʱ䣬ҲŪ˺ֶܶΣԭѪۿӥû취ɳġǩԼ޳趼ܹȥ, ҲǿЩֶΣֻҪ΢ӹ̾ͺܰȫ
ԭѪۿӥִ, Ҳ֪, ǱҲԼࡣ
ȻǶԵ, ʱҲ⣬ȻһֱˣҲһֱѪۿӥͻȻϮѪۿӥ֪ͬʲôУôſţҲ˵ʲô, Ϲ߰ԲûΣգֻʣˮĥʱ, Ѫۿӥ, ȷ޳边Ȼֻ鲻ɵúܹŹ֡
ٺľ, ѪۿӥҲйż, Ҳ, ΢غһһӥʼģǱҪԲԷ档
˵ڡ
Ѫۿӥܻص·ϣϿˡ
õϿֱ֮ӽС

ü˵Ȥ
Ԫʱʱ̵̿עԼҶ顢΢仯Ȼ̷뷨ҲöᣬѾٻˮ
ˮֵľѪۿӥվ龰
ͬһʱ̣翪˵Ԫ˵дã
Ԫ룺Сʱڡ
̲סЦˣҾҲǡ
֪ϿϢͻֱӵȷǺģСʱʱе΢
СʱǲܰжʹģСʱҲ̫̣Ҳôá˵뷨һ£ѪۿӥԺǻʲôġ

ѪۿӥԹ°ǲ֪ͨŻиαװǶξһʱ䣬ֶѬգǰ͸֪ͨ¡뷨϶ܵһЩӰ죬˼Ҳϸܡ
ϿٵʱѪۿӥоſѹһתͽ롣Ȼ̽УطȷޱȺ󣬾˳ĴιϢ˵̡뿪Ѿһʱˣ޶ɽкݺһͬŰҲɱҪʿȻѧһûõģеսƷ˵
ͷĴ﹤߲õʱͻҪԴ۸һЩӻһѪۿӥҲ쵱ܵĶӥ๰Ķ𣬲ͳͳ
ڵѪۿӥѾǽΪʵǲģڷѾڵڶײ㣬ٺͷٵõԴ飬׵׵Ķܶ࣬ȻܶණֵͨȽһ㣬ɼܲס࣬׵мټһ׵Ҳϰ٣͡׵٣иʮɣһҲһǧҡĶԺ󣬺Ȼʮҡ
ѪۿӥһԼſĳɳֱ̣ȥ˸ڵСԼһǸķＫ亱Ļβݣ˼˵ıҩţҲûֱͣӳдš

һ֣ȻûǸӲģǼҩкô
Ԫͷˡˡ̱Ԫ
пĺܵˡ
ЩҩǶ׶Ʒÿһĳۼ۸ǧ򡣶һǰΡˡϻô࣬ѪۿӥҲ湻õģӲʲô
Ԫû˵ʲôָǰˮ㡣
ɲǼ䣬ˮʾ龰ǸѪۿӥǸ7硣

Ѫۿӥûŷûβݣ򵽵Ʒú߷ɣƽٶȣԼӦķȥ
ԽǷɣԽǷǷϤȷɵԼɽȺһζĵȦ󣬾ֱǴ˺ܶɽһľϡ
иªʵĴ󳲣ʱʱŵĵطɽΧʮصƣɽܲ͸磬൱ɭϡ
Ѫۿӥһۿвǰˡѧģһֲģʱǰˡ൱ˣҲϻɽǰӥһȽϹϵġ
ѪۿӥǰסʱĹʱҲԼչأѪۿӥͻڶĳšҪɽ£ͻķߵ󣬸ԼҪһ档ȻҪû̿󷨣ᴫһ򣬸ظ

ˮĻ棬תƵɽ
ֱӿλʯϵҢߵĶʱϵķٿȻɲ죬ۺһЩԵеŹ֡
ߵ˺üΣҢһѵͳһ洫䣬󷨵˳ȥ
Ѫۿӥס
ϹâҢĻ
Ѫۣ
ѪۿӥҲû˵ȡһСӣѼƵıҩȥϺ󣬳󷨸˻ȥ
ǸСҡҡ׹طɻء
翴ǲظģ̲סǳ˳顣
Ҫ˵ѪۿӥԹӻͦõģСǾԷסװصĶϣŵĴͣǲôͽȥ
ֻǣһ˾ãǺô۰

ɽеҢؿԼնȥλƵش󷨽ֻλƵǰ
Ȼžડ
ǰ
ҢҲɵóһ¡
ȻҲϳ벻ѪۿӥװʲôŰ򣬼ֱһǰ
˼ӺҢ׻ǰѾժĶᱻڣóĶҲܻʲôСĵش򿪴ӣװŵľȻǺüҩأûôС΢ҩ൱ע⣬ʹһʱֱ治ҩ䷽ȴܿ⼸ǰѸ˵ȹȫԲˡ
Ң
֪Ǹһǰ޳赽ʲô
żֱҩӺҢ˵һ֡
ʵߡ
ȷǺöȻǸϽԵ
ѪۿӥԺ˽ҢҩſԼǸôˡ
ҪҢȬߣһȴʱ䣬Ȼǻԭе١

翴ǰ֮£ģͷԪԪ¼û
Ԫ¼ˡ
ͷ
ԪӰУֻһƷˡ
翴һҲǵǧ硣

ǧȽ⣬ǸΪ硱ĵط7硣
˼壬ɽҰǻ飬ռҪλģҲɲͬ滨
ǵǣ顣

ŹڻĽܣɵ¶ȵı顣
Ǻġǳƽ磬Ϊǧ磬Ⱥܶ෨ɽȫСǧǧӺƽ
ǵӣ˵
Ǹĸо칫Ǹ֮ɭľеƣֻ϶º͵ȻϢˬĲľ㣬ϣķҷ


278 Ʊ
Ȼ, Ҫ飬ȴΨһ飬ͺñΪ, 屾⣬Ҳ飬ȫܶвѡ
жԻвǸֳ࣬ΪԻΪʳǲ˺, ȴԸ滨˺ĳЩ滨ʳ, ĵ½ȵȡͬʱ, ʳǸֻ, øַõ滨кܶͨĻֻᱻʳ, ᵼ»ʳȱ١ô˵, ڻҲֻСնѣʲôҰ޵ĴڡһЩֵĴڡһЩ鷳ȵȣɹףԻ嶼ûиԵӰ졣
ڶ໨, һɱﵡ
١
ûǵ, ƽʱڳ˯״̬, ֻĻ׼Լ, Ȼ׼Ļʼÿһ滨, 峤Ҳ˳ӦٻŻ׼, ڴﵽʮϵĻ峤׼Լ, ͻų滨, ϵƽٵʵʵΪ컨壬ﵽ߰벽ƿ߽׵ĵزһ7ĻУκ˺Ҳ԰һȫ

ȻģôƽĻҲᷢʲô̫ľ飬ΪҵԸƫƽͣѪ¶Է
ľǡͬ滨Ļ飬һλһλԣĳһһ飬˸߲ҵҪ飬ͷųԼı塢Ҫڷ۽ǵһ˫޵Ĺʱȴǵıɢζʺϣγһֶأܽ޷ˣ޷ܵף
綼ǺټģҲʮָ˸û뵽һ㣬Ϊ׹ػ𡢰̫Ѹ٣ŵĽ֣ɰ޷ջأһַǳڷֺ͸ϡǶԷ˻ǲǶԷһ¾ʹ޷ܵףҲҪԼİ顣
Բ֡

翴ȥҲͿһ7΢ᰮ¶ѣһʱеתһ룬Ҳû˭涨ڴǧľͷǵŷǳߡҪƶٸյص֮ӵĹ²ǣ򵥵Ҳûʲô

绹еп⻨һĻȷʵͦ谮ģӦҲɡԪڵk㹵ͨûô˵ţľǻûë
Ԫͷkȷʵϲ壬֪ƾ޷ƶϵԺ󣬵kܸˡ
ЦЦʵҲ粻°ͣҵ뷨Ҳѣ滨ʵܶ඼ĵر綼ƾ޴ҩı⣬ֻҪԸ׬ҡԸ񵥴̾ͺѣֱӸнףԼ˽̣ҪԵ⡭ʵʵǿҲкܴҵǾǿ԰⿪ţ˹ȥ档ڲƷֶ࣬Ǹѵ֮أǸϺõľ֮أһиĿ˽ȥҲܴȥƷͬǿԴٽ
Ԫ룺ںܶ˶ԣƱ̫󡣡
ȷǸ⡣
ԽСǧ磬ĳɱ1000һΣտ2000ң֮ÿȥͬһֻҪ200ˡԽǧɱ1һΣտ2֮ͬÿ2000ҡ˴ǧ磬ǹͷһιȥҪ20ˣȥԺչܶƷԼԼȥƷҲʵ̫ˣҪ׬سɱѲ˵ȥƱҲǴ󲿷ֿ˶û
˵ȥˡ
ת÷ɿ죬ѾⷽˣͲ˵˵һȥһ˻ȥܶˣóɱ10ңȻǿһƱ
Ԫ΢㶣˵ÿ˺Ʊ
Ц˵ԡƱļ۸20ңһԴȥ10ˣһǿǺǰÿֻҪ2ҾСҹƱȥԺҪȥҲһ2ң˵ͺܻˡ
Ԫͬ취ܺáʣǧĸĲģ
ҡͷǧͲˡ˶٣˵Ҳһ°ɣǧģƱ۸ǧһȽһ㡣ҲԹƱһֻܴȥˣҲһ˸1ҡ
ڵĿ˵ʵߣȥһεļ۸ңеĻѡǧ磬еĻѡǧ硣𽥵˺ڿʵߣߵȸʵߵĿ˽ͬ۸£ǧȻļֵߣҲˡ
ģҪǰ±ȽϺã⵽ǸʱŻݣ߼ƱĿ˵Ͳ̫Ѻá
룬ϾǸִ󷽵ˡ

Ͽõ廨һλ鳤ϣλϵõſȷ٣Ȼɿܹȥ峤峤˳һУˣõ˴һſ峤峤ҲУȷԺָ߸˵ȨֱǰĹõ峤˵ȥһõ峤һۣλõ峤ְУҲһſ͸ȻҲеĿˣȷе١
ĬȻ
һ岻ɵһ壬ַǳŽᣬǵõſԼԪµһСʱѾ˺ü۹˷չΪˣһȥĻۡơҩԴһȫͽУȫſ
󣬴Ź˶ã⻨ǵЧʣǸܷչܶ
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ۡ磬һ硣
Ĵ·࣬иһʼ΢ĩеǣһСʼ𽥽ĸһСطеȵططĵطȵطܸʱ򣬻ΪһԵĴߴѣȻʵҲﵽĶ㣬Ϊưˡ
λγһǴźǺǰӣǾҪλǾĵǰ©ƣˡ
µǽҶڴСӵߵģĹ¶ˮԵкܶ࣬Ҳк֧ܶ࣬Ҳкܶ࣬һ·˳˳ˮѧԺɡͱȵжԶࡣԸرģǼֶͣԵĺܶôָɶаԼ˸ܺõĵطѺصľɫһס˽ȥÿɫ˶һӡ
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ֳһȣӶ䣬ЩӰ֮仯ѸٵµӰ, 
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¶һȤ, ΢΢ǲ

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Ҳʲôͨλģԭ¥֮һȻСʱû̫ܵأɵ츳¶Ժ󣬴Ӵ˾ͱصֶҲûñ¥¥ʧ
³ǲһǣ¥³ǽʮｫٻżؾ֣Ҳӿֺܶ
ˣʱӪһ¥ͬʱҲ취żؾʱñ¥øĺôͬʱһǳķǸ¥Ե
ȻˣǸиƢԶҪòֶͬνύõЧ֮Ȼгͻôͣ˵ôѱ¥ժκһˣҲǷ¥¥Ҫ¡ңһͻɱʱ֮ӽôѡһҲͬǸҪע⣬ȫ¥¥С
һֱúܺãĿǰΪֹ¥³Ѿѹκһͬ͵ĴУ˵رġһҲͬѹһͷ
Ϊˣ¥õĽҲԴԴϵġ

죬ÿ۲˿ǵ󣬴Ҳע⵽һȽϺԵߡʵܵͣܺãҪ۲죬ںʵʱҲԸԷһЩ㣬ǰһЩ⡣
˿ǵʱ򣬺Ȼ䣬һϹӿн٣Ȼֱͣǰ
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ⱦ¥Ƿ¥еĸַҲǳ׵ģ¥֮һûгֹ⡣Ϊ¥֮һʱȻõõ󣬶ԼӪ꣬ҲЩǶ˸󣬿˵һʧΪʲô˿ȴһ´Ȼû󷨵κηӦ
ͫ΢ͣϹϡ
ʱϹ棬һżΪġɫӣ·⡣
ſһۣѸٱۡ
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Ҳʱ򣬱һϵġ˿ĸ飬кȻ
[У֮ͨأΪſ֮С]
[һ죬һлع졣磬ǷԸſΪпˣ]
Ȼ۾
УͨУ
硭ֺΪ磬Īǣ綥ĴֶΣ
ӿ˺ܶ뷨һֱǸҶðվˣûôԥֱӴӦ
Ȼ֪һǷԸ⡱ѯʻ̽ϢĴܱضֲǲġʲôܰ󶨺Ȼͻ֪

ʲôԵȻ͸ˡ

ڰ֮󣬱̽յϢʮֿ㣬ϢȻҲǼġ
̶ʱѾȫܲ˳ܵͬʱҲһͬٻſ壬ЩϢɿسԡ
Ϊ¥¥¥ȤȻƷ֣п˲ǰδŵƷǱ¥д½ԭӦǲܵģƫƫȴˡ
Ȼף²еɸ½ͬſϢģǴԽ֮⣬硭
簴סĺ棬ſȫǰдš
Ǻɫг֡γеŻѹסеļ֮飬Լ̧˽ȥ
绹иص㣬ǺҪӡ
ȻҪȥˣܼˣôȻܶ档

ˮ￴˱ȫٶ
֮Իͦעԭ򣬸籾ûʲôϵǸ·磬ȼҲ7ûֵرעıҪעΪϿѡеĿˣı¥һλ¥
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ҪˮΪλ˲ͨķ¥ҶҪĹ֮һ
磬Ҷ鲻ϴƴ۷壬һλȴǿ˳˳ˮǹÿˡ

ԭҶһε³ǵʱŲǸһ׵Сǳʶ˳ŮװСŮԷѣСŮͦϲģָŮּһ档
ҲǱԵС֮һԱ¥øУԱ¥ƷҲϿɣҶҪʱ͸Ҷ鵽ҶԺ󣬱һֱ۲¥ı翴ǸǱ˲ţԶͶЩעҲҶҲ뱦¥£˲档
ȻֻǱ΢ע⵽Ҷʱûжٽûú³иСؾͻȻ֣Ҷǡڱ¥ġáҵ˿ͨнȥı緢ֺ󣬲ûȥᣬҶǱᣬҶ˺ǿ
ҶСؾõ˲ıԺ׷ɱǱ˰ҶһЩò̫ϵı¥Ҳļ۸񣬻ڱ¥ͻơҪҶҹӹҪñ¥ҶҲûͬ⣬̫˶Է
Ҷɹͻƺ󣬶ԱȻʮָмԱ¥ӡҲǷǳõġ
³֮ԻֲٵԵҪԭΪҶպ֮һǳ
³ǱǸСĳǳأȼܵ͵ҶҲǻԵɺϣŮ֮һҲȻֻһΡÿһι³ǻᷢһЩ£Щ»Ҷ֮ĸ飬׷ͬʱҲǻǵõİҶ¥֮Ĺϵܡ

֪ҶǱǣôİȻҲǻᾭлģΪĻ¥ķԽԽءΪͶʵĳɹܱǰҲЩࡱҶǿ󵽲Ҫ¥ʱ򣬱õľͱȸǵĶ磬¥Ϊ֮һ
磬ӹɣΪ¥ʵҲԶ¥ѹûʲôΣ


280 ڰˡھŸ
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˽̵ϰ壨Ҫ￴ĲƿˣҲˣ̶ʱв, Ƕʱף֮ڴģؽտˡ˶ˣڽѡͻܽԵĻǽԵ¿˽ܵƿȻ, ¿, ƿǻҲ֪޲Եġ
߽еǸꡪ̬ܺãҲڲźۼع۲졣
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, ᷳ¡Ŀ, кܺõԵ
һһ⿴˽̺, ߽еĵ̣תһȦ˼Ʒ뵽ڵ
ŲͬƷеĸƷſʾûкܶ඼ǳģ죬ҲиϡŹֵġƷܱԵͼƼ硢мƼ硢ͼ硢ħ硢ȡȤ
˵ģ˵ģѾ˸Լıλ綥˵ǿ߶ӵеĶ˽׺Ѫ˽׺ۡ˽׺⡣
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ô
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ֵһᣬڵʵĽ۷ġ
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ѸҪһСĵ棬ר׵׵Ʒ
һ͸˽̶ֿˡ
ڸӸߵ˽̡

翴ֽºѪʱ΢΢һ飬ֲɵÿԱµĿһۡ
ˣѪܻӭҲԼ۱ߵƷеûмƷпˣһ뷨ҪһκѪ
ʱ͵ҹƷϵͳףȱ˻̫ء˵ֻ뷽跨ȥ8Ұ˽ǿ߶սĳڲ͵͵Ѫˡ
Һڲþˡ
лˣӱҲ̫ùôлеȱˡ

жôûټעˣȥˮʼ鿴ڰ˸ǧϢ

ڰ˸ǧ6磬ͬǸĴǧ磬ûʲôĵطžһǰİŮ˱ѣΪʵߣҲõһرŮΪԪӤѾ´󼪣ʵȴһԪӤرٵһȽͨĵطѰҸϵ塣
ǡãǸϵǸӵܣȻ竵ʵĵزȴΪܼ˵ĳ谮˺ܶ˵ļʡδ޺竵һѡһ𣬰競ǵζ˺ܶǼ岻飬竵ļˣȻһ־صǰҫһشѹ竡
Ѫڴϣʣµļ˲ֻŭЩ竵ˣԼںޱȣһжԼĴ
ʱǵر竵ԺУ˸ס竱𣬶ãԼȥͶ̥
ˣʹӦˣرǵ֪Ȱ竵ĻԺͶ̥ʱ͸ĸԸˡ竵Ը˱Ǳˣڱ֮ǰģҲΪⷬ˼ҲԸѵ竸ļԺлǰԵ
ľǺ׵ǰľһǱһװƴȰٺü˻竵ĻǺһЩֶΣȻǰߵУ躹ްзʵ㹻ˣȥǰĽŮ˺ͱ˸
ڸͻʵʱΣȻҲк֪һҵһͬ벻ĺùҲûϣЯֽΪˡͬʱĳҲһ˱ѵĽᡣ
˳ˣǰİ˱ɱʱ򻹺ܺڣڵĲѣȻûܳɹնݳҲȻˣΪԼϹŮ˲һ·ˣҲҰģΪҰ˺ˣŮǸֶεģ˶ѣҲûʲôþġ

Ͽ˲壬һͨǿߣǸǿھûжĽҲһĻǸйȥ׷ɱ뷽跨ֶθɱˣʬ屻ʳ
ȷʵû󽻼ΪǸ£ΪһоС˵Ļôλǿ߸еĽڡ
Ȼˡ
Ϸݼֱٵÿ
ϿλǿУպǺܶǿ߶ҪȥӦƸʱý߾ȫȻ˳ϸڣڣΪԴȥģԴ࣬ȻͲȥˡ
ڵȤȫϡ

̫ͨ¿ͷƪˣûмע硣
Ϳʼ鿴ھŸǧ硣

ھŸǧǸ7磬һǳ硣
ͬǧҲһôͿ˵ǸˣͬǾǻ꣬ǻҪǳ֮ҲͬҪһűǳĵȼҪߺܶˣĽ׵ľϣĽλ
ȻˣȻǻ缫ƣһЩͬҪע⣬ߵĵ˲ޣ˰ˣ෴ȻǵжԵġ
⡭
ǳľͨڣ΢ĩУΪ˱ӵλˣǡþǱǵλ
ûʲôĵط
ȽֵĻԴںḻǳԴһֵýıء


281 ʮǧ
ǳдǳ֮, ǣĶǳ֮һǻʿǣȻǰǵ
֮ǻҪ󲻸, Ҫʲôǳϵǻ꣬ΪǶǳ, κǻ궼, ֻҪǻͿˡһͷǳʹ࣬Ҳûʲôǳ, еİһգʱʹĳ̶ȲͬѡǻʿԸȥʲôߡ
Ʋɵĺħ, ֿɷȽаŻ漫ʹࡣ
԰Ҳǲ, Ҫôʲ̰ͼʵҪôΪԭǻߣҪôΪĿĲòѡ, ֻ߱ݺСǻ걻˷ϳֻתޡĸȻȻҲġ
Ͽĵڱ˺÷ϳǻܷ꣬һΪ˭ԲһŵĶټиһԱԱ, ʱܲ𣿱Ҳƫ, ӳȥ˰ߡ
ϷݻͦģһλСbossˡ
Ϊʲôأ
ΪǸԱȵľ, رԭδҲϲ, ΪԼȥ, ֮, δ޾Ȳ˵˻, ׷ˡ

, ȻĵҲûмӾͰӡҲܺã𱻷Ϻͦͬ飬͸δˡǲܹ鲻ܣǸδǰٰ㰵ʾ׷ܣֳ˹Ȼδ޲ʲô氮ȴҲǵδӿôһȻҲǨŭ
ȵߺһʱ˲鷳һʼûϳ𣬵ϳʱպ
ʱǱѾе㱻δô֮Ժ׷ˣɱһΪʲôԣǫǫӶڵģͺΣǵ¶ʧˡֱλҲûӡ

ϿͶŵʱձϲã֪δ˻ˣƬҲȲ˾ȥ׷ӵ£
ٹʱ͸벻ˣϿôһˣҲäĿȥ׷ˡ

ǳǱȽϡٵ磬ڴִɨϿغ󣬼̾лһƷƣǳɰǳݡǺˡǾ˿ǳ¶ǳƬ
ֵһǣҲûޣ޺ͱòҲͬһӵǻۣȻΪǲԵʣҪĳӵǻۣģûγԶĽսս˽»һЩطйģԳͻȴȫвͬžһЩе޳֮ɡ
ԪԱЦ⡣
Сܿɰһļⱻ΢΢ɦĸо
һͨͣˡ
ԪǺܱ䣬ȴ͸ֻһĨ΢΢͡
ʲôʱҶȥ
һתͷˣסǡ

һǧˡ
籾뿪һ8ǧģǺܿϧһϿ򿪵磬ȴֻһ6硣
һ6硣
粻Ƕƪ»ۡÿƪ¶һǻһǵˣֻһλǸʫţҲһλɣӶȻ֮ɺϵõһŽڵϽ֮·նħһһӶûҶҲûк㡣
Ľ־һɽмĲƽ²ŻɽһɽǱޡҲһֱĴ˵˭֪˶ֻ꣬ڼ󣬻Ϊѳ󣬼Ӱõİ
һеĴôһδ̫ڼ򵥣кܶ౯ϵģλµʱҲܶԸӵ£ͨҲȥ˲ٵԺͻԼĵĺá

λֱǸԵ塣
ٵʱľûҪ̷֪ΪҪһܿԼˣʱ뵱٣ֺϲʷ飬СС;֪ԺкܶջǰܶԱһʼǺģһСġΪ˱һ;ӿŮɫʼ𣬴ӡС¡˱ܵɫܿˣҲ͸׿һЩ
׼ΪԺǧ쳾ŶĽģֱӰиͶעǿڷɽϣһЩȻǣҲûʲôţʲôŮŮħĵǰɦŪˣֻһҹֿ֮Ҫ赹ˮͳͳܾܾ˻ղģ;ħִ̫ԺԽѣһ˽ѣתȥˡ

ȻĵȼʧϾʵԣʱôսսȻǺҪǧ߼8ġûȴǸѵڸ߼硢ܻôþȻҲ̸Ĵͺϡˡ
رλҲûܹʲô˺ȫ˳ӦԼ뷨ϵôһ߹ɺ쳾ľȴɳľ飬ʵ̫ѵˡ
λǺ͵ģֻλȴǸϿˡ
Ͽһҩ
ԣҩ
ľҶ֥

糯ǰȥ
ԪȻظٻһˮ
ˮֳһӰ

һܽСľҶ֥ſɽµķ϶սսչ֦Ҷ߲Զſһͷ޴ޣͷжǣźصƬʮֿ¡
ºÿһεºдӿķպþǳžҶ֥ģʹþҶ֥ҲʱʱжҶƬҲ֪Ǳߵ޺ŵˣǱŨġ
һۣͷھҶ֥Ҷ֥˲ͽסˣԭչҶƬҲһƵġ
ţ˸ĺϴ˸裬ȥɽرһ󣬳ЩȻԼٶֻص˾Ҷ֥ߣһڡ
Ҷ֥շûã޵һŵֱ
Һã˯ˡ
һ˯úÿһζҪ죬Ƶʶ೤µûֹȥ͵Ҷ֥ǰôࡣ
˷ӦҶ֥һӲŷӦ˯ˣ˯˯ţ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷ֥ҡҡҶƬ·ʲôܼѵؾ
ٲûѹСذγԼıɽٻ˻ӣգۼͲ֪ܵȥˡ
ȻܵǿԿġ
ΪǰʱԳԪˮʱԲ˼ӿ조šٶȵķʽ紿ȥ
ȻҲܿ쿴Ҷ֥ݺľݣΪ޿ڣɿضݳոͷ޵ĵ̣ȻҲ֪Լԥһº󣬸ɴƬɽȥ


282 ֥
Ȼ, Ҷ֥Ը̫ˣɽ棬ҩױҰ, ɳɽԺҲһѵıжӹͨ˵Ĳ׽Ǹ6Ĵǧ磬Ũ, Щᷨ˲˵ֶ, ȴҲȻǳ, ҲͬʮΣա
ȻģҶ֥ŸɽΧͱһ̵ɽѰҩĵ˸һϢץסϢϲͣ׷, , ˾Ҷ֥ж켣, Ħ뷨ͺܿ˳뷨ԤУֱӶ˾Ҷ֥ĵ·ϡ

ԭľ, Ҷ֥Ǳץס˵ģ˷һѾǵĵر, ˼ˣ̴ȥ
Ҫ, ˺ܶ, ·ʽȴһ, Ҳûһͳһ˵ϾΪ, һֻҪǾ͵鿴һͬʣôӦԶԷȫԷ·ʽԼۣģһǷȫԴûǣܱܲ仯ΪΣ˾ͻץɱûһ˵ͱλˡ
ԵץסҶ֥ţҪɳչģÿҪҩ˾ͻժƬ֥Ҷȡһ֥ҺֻҪҶ֥ɲʲôܡ
£Ҷ֥ϵȡ߾ȵեüֵҪָҲǧѵʱ֧ҩˡ

硰һԾҶ֥ͬ顣
ȻԵҲͬ顣
ԭܼ򵥡
޸ֱҧأǺüҡ
ԣͷ˾Ҷ֥ʮ꣬һԴ˯̫˵ͷޡ

ڳΪСĽ֮ȻҲύ˲ѣЩѴƼˮ꣬˴˵粢࣬Ҳǿϵġ
ĳһ죬õһѵĴ飬Ҫæ
˵ڵСΪѾ˺üˣۿû˵еù뾡취ΪɵţϣܹȥΣ
Ȼǿģ˹ȥȥԺͷ֣һͷӵϹѪڳۣ޵˫ɺ죬ǼƼֱħһɢ⻤ۣȻѾܵˣٲʱϵ޾ͻֱɱԶȷʵкüߵʬ壬ƺ˵Ļġ
ȻʱҲĵŭ˻һ䣺നһ㲻ǵˣҿ㣡
ͬʱҲʣлӢڴˣ
Ŷʶġ
ԭനʱʶ˴лӢʱлӢθύനлӢȴҲһȾƳ̸лӢͺനĸനҲлӢˬһͬһΣǲѡҲΪ̸ന֪лӢʵѰӵ·ϣ˵һʱҳˡ
നԼǸԵ壬ȴΪµ˶ǹҪȥһطʵûлӢȥӣ˾ʹ˷ֿ
ûϰ꣬лӢȻԭγײۣǸִʹӣúന˲õԤС
£നȻֻһ֮ʾͶлӢֹ֣лӢѯлӢ׷ʲô¡
Ȼന֪лӢġӡԭ˶һҶ֥Ѿǣһһڵ֥Σû뵽ֱ֥Ťȥһˣͱһţӵʿץˣһĥ
лӢһⷢ˵ʿĳͬоҶ֥ζ͸Źȥ۵϶֥ζɺϵǣлӢʱպǵʿþҶ֥ĲкƳһ¯ҩһֱ̣Ŀѡ
лӢȻŭһʼҲûҪ۵ˣõ۽ףɵ۵ĵʿͬȻάͬţɱлӢ̲סˣֱŪ˼ʿʣµĵʿ˵ۣΪ˻̷ָ˾Ҷ֥Ƶ鵤
лӢֱˡ

ന֪ȥ󣬰뷨ȻõǱ߲Ǵһǽ˵۵ȴѡ˰ԩ𽻸Լ
лӢനûаۣ֪ԼʶһЩҲֻڶħȴޡ
ȻлӢײ˱۵⣬ֱӱǸĥӡĵ˶ȥҧϡξ̷Ҷ֥ҩָģҲһһҧǹͬŵģû鵤ߵģлӢںനϣûиϾɱ
һģкനǸѡ
ºȻҲǶԺനԹ޵ģΪԼҪѰæ䵽زʵʶԸǧﱼʵǿֻкനŻ֪നĹͬനȣȴܺ
λֱѱƫִָന鷳ǾǺˡ
лӢ֮Ļ䣬ںനͬº˸ȻǱɽ˯
ھûֹ

˿̣һжû
ˮڲžҶ֥϶ܵ˵׷ȴ˶סɪ볯˷κһӴܣȴû취ҵһڡ
ǵչһŽɫСۿžҪѾҶ֥ͷסƵĶʵʱһϹѾҶ֥סˡ
ȫ֪ʲô£Ҷ֥ͻȻסˣʱΪǽɫСѹãû뵽ǣһ˲Ҷ֥ˣȴѹûĲ
ͺܹŹˡ
ΪҶ֥ʹʲô۷С֮ͨģκβ鿴鿴ȥ̽˺üΣջûҵ
װ׸ôһٲģҲ֪Լʧ֣㬵뿪ˡ
ͬһʱ̣Ҷ֥ǻŻŵؽе룬֪Լץסкܲҵ³ڼԼ͵ܳһ˵лʲôȥģҲͲͶҽˣҪһӵأ
ţͷԼȥһڣҲ˳ˡ

ˮͬţʾеĴϣһ֧Ҷ֥ñQţɢŨҩ㡣ò˵ǡ˴ѡ
ĿǰеĿҲǼʶˣرǿ˽̵ģο͹ʱ򣬻дθߣҶ֥ôСûôǿҩҡڵߣȷʵûй
û֪ԭΡ·ľҶ֥۶ڱǶģҲֲ淴棬֥ҶҸػƣǿ˿ʵǼȸԾֺġ
°ͣͷߵԪûʲôɣ˵֮Ҫôȡң
Ԫʵش𣺡ӦѪ
磺е

ȻҶ֥һȦ۲һȦҲ۲һȦеĵ̡
ʹԼ֥ҺС
Ҷ֥֥еļƷ궼ϡеϡˣζУʵʵҲǸһңȻҲֻжáױС۵ĵץ߲ǣΪĵرļӦĽƷˡ
ʵֵһңչ۲Ҳǧǰ֥Һ۵ľ͸ѪƵģÿһÿһεļǮʵֵһٷ/ңչҲиʮ
Ҷ֥㻯ΣʱͲô׸ˣҲʮΣȻסˣָԺɳءѪ


283 һź
Ҷ֥һѪ, ȡķֻһǧ
ʵǲ࣬Ҷ֥ſϲѯһ£ʹ˵Ĳ
û취, Ľ׵ҩ, ʵֻһ, ɶ˵, ʵĽ׵, ΪܾʵԼָ֥Һֻýȥˡ
ĲÿҪٷҡ
Ҷ֥ҡҡҶӣԥر˽ȥ
ȡһԿ

ӴŶ룬ֱӴ͵Ĳ, Ҷ֥еС, Ժǵ̾ͱ˳ţ
Ϊ, ĳ, ͸֮ǰĻһģһ
Ҷ֥ʶؿɽڵһࡣ
տյġ
һ˲Ҷ֥Ҳ֪ԼǸһ, Ǹҡ
ΪԼֱӱͻɽԭĵطˣǱû˯ŵ޲, ؼŨҲͬ, ףԼˡˣһЩõĿʵģΪϰ, ֱ˹
Ҷ֥͵ض˶, һԾ, ͰԼɽϡ
ͬһʱ̣УӿֱӰذ
Ҷ֥Ҫ۾ڿ϶ǵɴ˵ģʱÿչ֥Ҷ̽ȥǳʹǳ㣡ϸһֱ棬ʱ͸֪ǰյٸ͹ģҪȥ£գֱӸעȥֻҪ
桢治ǻ˴ǮңЧʼֱߵҪ˿ˡ
þҶ֥ϲõǣΪעÿ죬Ҳ٣ֻôһʱңʵһ㣬ĵ֥ҺҲˡ
Ҷ֥˷ѣæرʾԼҪƿӡ
ҿ˵Ӧ׬ǮصģôܲأǺǰֱӳһ׳͸ƿӣ߶ֱȥƿǡþͶ׼Ƭ֥Ҷ
Ҷ֥ҡҡ
ңġ
ǣҶ֥ƳԼʮ֥Һ˳֥Ҷ䵽Ǹƿ
ٴοٵתոտյЩ֥ҺҲôѸٵأԸٶȵۡ㡣
һʱ󣬾Ҷ֥ݺıƳʮ֥Һ
ΪķɿûöܣҲͲؼȥ
һʱȥ󣬾Ҷ֥ƿпٵε֥Һܸɴͳſѣ֥Һ
ȵڶҲȥͰ֥Һȫˣѣټ
úõһҶ֥ôѪˡ
ȻⶼǺ󻰡

˵Ŀ;Ҷ֥Һ󣬷һ߶µؿһǷ޵Ĵں̲סˡ
Ȼ°ͣ˵С֥УǲٱҩˣлӢô˵⣬ͷԪԪҪģ
Ԫһʲôģ
ЦЦҶС֥лӢһ˵أ
Ԫ˶٣û˵
磺Ҳôģ
Ԫһ£˵Ҷǲһ𡣡
գգۣǺá
ȴɺЦΪԪһԪֻΪģ͸ɴҲûʲôעȤѡ
뵽⣬粻֪ôͦ˵ģתͷԪһڡ
ԪЦҲһڡ

Ϊ֮ǰλ׬Ǯ࣬ҪӿеķչһһٸµСǧ硢ʮµǧ硢ʮµĴǧ磬ʱи
¿ǵĵƿȻҲһĳΪǰŪٻƿ˵󣬺ܶƿҲԼ뵽ôһ죬ǰھͽеĲжһЩҵҲ˳ˡͱһЩزķｨһ˽̵ȡ
ǧǧĿôСǧ¿ʵǺڽк󲻾þŪһݲҵģǧǧĿˣԭһʲĿˣҲֻǸͨˣչĲҲ졣
˵˽Ŀܶ࣬˽̵ͦģе棬Ʒ׵ƷҲúܺá

ǣеźġ
źԭ
һһٻĿʵߵֻףҲǻǸõһĳϡλܿͨۻ۵ز绹ûʱѾ·չ˺üˣлʵﵽ߽ףź͸Ѹٲˡ
ڶʮµĴǧ磬ĸ6磬7磬Ȼһ8Ĵǧ綼ûСȥֻϵͳ󣬿ĵһǧ8
ϸ룬Ҳûʲôֵġ
ȷʵܶ࣬ȻԽͼԽγɣ͸߼缫٣γɵĸ߼Ҫͼ粻Ͻмм粻Ͻɸ߼ڼҲ֪жٸʧܣγɡ
߼ߵ8ȻǴǧٵġ֮ϵ9Ƕ磬Ϊϡ٣ʱҲȥ롣
ѾԪһ̾˿𾴵ĺӣȼ֮
Ԫ§ࡣ
ɲԪȼ֮ҪϸĺӵԼűסǸ8Ŀ򣬵Ҳֻ7ѣɾһεġ
§ŵ̬˻ص˽լ
Ϊ˰һڡäûͷʡǵ㲻̹Ԫȥһӵĺòˣʳ磬ȫ簮Եġ
ߣԪֵһٻ𣨻ģָּ˼ӲˣסǵźҲʧˡ
ʵҲûʲôݹļᾧҲԷ֣ڵõϵͳ󲻾þܸһ8ǧϹϵϵͳûеģҽеһЩϵͳ𽥸ϵͨĴС磬Ҳǻ˲ʱϴǧ磬ҵ8Ӱľ͸ˡһ8ģҲڵõϵͳʮԺˣɴ˿ɼֵǵġһԺͿôĴǧ磬Ҳеͷһݶ
뵽ӦþûʲôˣԼǾѣǰЩؽһԱȣҲͻоԼѾرõˡ
ٿԪ
ʺã˳ررôô˳ۡ
һ̣ˡ
ϵͳ̸ǽһݶټдֺôĿǰʵӡߡûκηաѾǸԵӮˣźʲôźäɶһСʧǶźź̰Ĳˡ
Цݲ
Ԫ磬ѵе²׼ΪʲôȻͺôܹ࣬顭ӦǸԼйصġ
Ҳû룬ֻЩٸ˼Ӳˡ
Цݸá
˵ĸ涼ܺá

ӵ˽Ǻֵע⣬Ҳоġ
һԻĻǣ˽ȫ뻨صģۻƻҩȣͨζѣʱôҲǼģЧºͣһЩƷԸߵģƷ׺ܵ͵߷á


284 ׬һ
Ʒܺ, ˽еۻԱҲܳʣȫһˡʵϣһ͸һһ, ȫûв˵, ²ǴͳϵˣҲضһ, ܷϲƷζ
Щ˻ᣬ߻ã߷ʮ㡭ǳ顣
Ժܿ죬Һɫ˽̾гˡ
Ҳǲ׬˲١ҪֻܳеƷ׵ƷĻ׬ķһࡣ
ڶֵע˽԰ӵ, ĿǰĽʵ˺ΪսڵõſԺ, ѸٴȥҲиλ߳, ûκ˵ע, ֻҪܿľ۾ӵؼ, Ӱͨ˵档
Ȼһ·ŽΪΣյĵضιȥȻѹ˺ܶԴһַָʣǲƷѵı, ԺʹáƷֱ˷֣۸һ󲿷֣ȡ˲ֹľ, Ϊֻƪ, ѵķҲܶࣻµ͵¿˽, иĺģβǺгж½ѵõıԴ
ԺĿ˲࣬Ժ廹дΪЧľûˣرλĽףΪԼݣҲͬײǿߣȡĺԴĽ׵Ҳ治٣ƷԲЩʵ˵
ںԴȱ£ҲȻ
ȻѾ⡢еֶεı¥¥¥Ǽ䣬Ҫ׵Ľ׵ƷƷ廨ţ۸ֱеıˣټһЩֶΣҲǺ˵ġ

ڲˡ
ʲôأµһ˽к󣬴롣
ȻԽԽ죬رǿǸսк󣬵ԭеλģȶƷУ׬һͰչԼֻỨȥһ롭ʹСǧĿÿһλķҶܶ࣬ˣҲͶˡ
Сǧ׬ģգգۣ55ࣿһһٸµСǧ磬ƽÿ˶ǧࡣ
ٿǧĿǣһЩЩλȨصֱ˴Ʒмʮϰķңֱִʵ쿨Ʒ׵ϡԴһҲǼʮϰ򡣾Ҳʵ͡΢ĩ㲻̫ԴĿˣǶҲỨһЩҲ뷨Լõҩ֧֮ġһ㣬׬ȡиٶʮࡣ
磬Ѿǽˡ
ǴǧͲˣ𿴲ʮѣֱĴ
رǻ硣
ԴͶൽ˾ԣˣοһʼľһĳϡ
峤һ־ϿҪ֪һϿļ۸һķң
žһŹõ峤һŹ˻ϿĳɱһŲʮң⣬о׬һٰʮҡ
οſֱ׬İʮңſſǱ˵ĸһŶʮңֱʮţϿĳɱһңʮ׬һٰʮ
һ㣡һ㣡
ͻ磬ͻȺֻſ͸Ԫ׬ȡ˰˰һʮķң
ǶôӴ
ҲڸȾ߻ڼôӴˣֱԻر͡ŸǧȻҲһЩĿͲ̫࣬иʮ򡣵ҲȻ粻̫࣬ŸǧĿ˴ѾӽһٸСǧˡ
֮Ĳ࣬ô¡
ң϶ԽԽ¡
ڿһʮµ¿еǲп˽̡Ҳ׬ǮеĳɣֻСͷ

˺̲סһѱסԪЦ˫ۣԪ׬ˣ
ԪˣҲһĨЦְ§ס˵ϲǡ
̿ԣϲ
ԪͷҪ𣿡
룬ҡͷ˵Ȳæֲ䣬ҪҲǿСǧǧ磬ǧʮҪһʱʱͲˡ֮ǰͷĻǧ󼸰򣬺濪Ҳֻһٶ룬ǧǿ׬зң޲塣
ϵͳֻϵͳԪҲΪ˰ȫϵǰԤ֧һǮϵͳ޲ϵͳԪάתǰ£Щ©͸ܾ޸;޸Ӱ첻أǾԼҶжദƤģԽԼҶԼۣôܿùȥ붼ܲˡ
Ԫһ㶡
죬û뵽˵ʲôɴ籧һĴ
磺
ι
Ȼ˵ǿԪܸжš

һֻСڴӻ찵ѹֱԪιһ̹˸
Ԫ˵Ҳˡ
ӣһЦܺõϵͳ塣
ϣһǧȫʧͬʱһԳһµİ飬дѾ޲©ĵķĿ
¿˿ͷ֮ǰϵͳѡһ޸Ǹֲܣѿ۳30Ҳ˵ԺһֲֵֻҪԸ⻨ǮͿԶģͬġʵĺĻǳұˡǸ԰Ƶģֻģ⻷ȴģĶȫܻǮǾ̫ˣû׬ͷ
漴һС©ʲôϸ΢ķ϶Ӱ쵽ҲܱӣûеȻǸõġ
ٻһⲻ©ǵΪʡǮֻͨڰ˲㣬ȻǮˣôǰѵھŲҲ˸áԺ˰˽׿ˣһ滹㣬ԵиĪ⣬Ÿס
޸һЩܣƷ͹ܡСǧ10ңǧ30ңǧ50ң9100ҡ
û㹻ʽԿͨھͿԿͨˡ
ȵȵȵȡ
ûʲô޲©ΪʲôҪ޸Щܡ⣬һЩҲΪ©ŲȱģԪΪʳδ̫ˡ
ֻǹסԪĲӰһڡ
ɵúáޡ
ԪһڣȻ·ˡ
ͷһŷԼһҹȥæҵذƿ˵ͲˣԼԡ
Ԫ
磺
Ԫ·Ӧһ˵š
Ӻ󡭡
ΪеԪĸ·ˡ
Ҳ֪λʲô˵ԪҸо˺öࡣ
Ԫûб䡣
磺ǰɲ
Ԫޱؿ硣
գգۣʲô
ԪٴοöͷĶͷҲûʲôȴƶ֣ˡ
롣
ڣϲЦտҲԣˡ

죬ˢһˢſƿǷ֣ȺȻ⿪˵ȴѾ˺ü߼¿ˡ
ǻȻ֪ԭĿУڴǧģҲ˵лǰǧˣ


285 ϵ뷨
뵽, ЩڱȽæµƿѸٷԼſ֪ͨ
Ȼ֪ͨġ
֪ͨλע⣬ǧѿͨ, ǧõһΪ20ңԺÿΪҡ
֪ͨ¿ͨƱܡ
֪ͨλע, ʱһǰǧǧɹƱǰǧĿˣƱһΪ2, ͬʱǰ2ˡǰǧĿˣƱһΪ20, ͬʱǰ10ˡӵڶǰǧǧʱ, ˲ɹƱÿһǰʱ۸񱣳ֲ䡣

֪ͨע, رѾύ˺ܶѵƿǣ׷׸Լĺ˽˵, ܾȾ߻׬˺ܶǮ, ׬ʮĻǲ, ô࣬һӶǰǧҲ, ҪץסǰǧĻᣬʱͻԥìܡ
Ʊ, оͲһˡ
Լʮһǰǧ磬ôÿҲͻңҪãȥһ˺ŬԴЩӦúܿ׬ˡҾֵεûʮô, Ҳ, Ͼ֮䲻ܻ˺, Ը񲻺ϡϲãֻҪһȥٷɢУҲӰʲô
ͬʱҲܶƶСǧһᣬǿȥǧû̫Ҫȥǧķȴһһ롪ĿǰʵǰǧСǧѹûУҲ˵п˶һƱģԼûϺʱҲö࿪˺ڡƽʲôġ
Ȼ翪ͨƱܣҲҪ˼Ͼǰ߼ƱѺܸߣԪɶǷ׬׬ģȥô׬ģɲÿܰ׬Ǯ

Ԫ磬姼ҡ
̫Ǽһæ꣬󲽻صԼľӴһֱסһ𣬲ΪҪһЩ姼ԵʣϲÿһζͬȥҪϰҶкôʱʱ䣬϶̫ǼԺ
Ժʱ̫ǼԼһЩ㶣ӦǷΪ￪˸ӵԵʣռ䣬Ҳռʮֱֹ黨һֱڷչ۵
ƽʱʱӦڴѵֽӷųô̫Ǽţ̧ųŷķȥ
ǷǸ̫ǼԺһС԰ӣһЩֲԺż̫Ǽȥһϵʱǲѷӷųġ
ƿ԰ţ̫ǼͿ԰һʯϣǰһ䳲ķڲϴ󣬶䳲ǰмͬľͰԶʢۣ۵ɫӦöڲͬƷġ
˹̧ۣ̫ǼЦЦ֣ջõ硣
̫Ǽ߹ȥֻϵƣ䳲½ֱڲͬľͰʳķۡ
˼֣ӣ
Ц֪ߣҲ
̫ǼȻ򻨾֮ʣ
ϵͷ˵򻨾лЩͻȥȻҪЩˡ
ţ̫Ǽ֪ʲô˼ˡ
ȻһֱǮԼȻһûۣѹȱҵĻã۵Ҳϸˮܸ׬ǮԸһֱȥġڻ˽򻨾ֺȥѵƷ׵Ļ۶һЩù󣬸оЩ۱ɵƷʲҲºͣƷֻ࣬͸˸ѡ񣬶˵гͻġ
ȻˣԺ󻹻кܶˣ򻨾ĻҲܺãҲȫ⣬Ҽ۸ֻ࣬۵ҲһҪȥ򻨾ֱﹺҲûʲô⡪кüҵӻ̣ѵйĿ˶ֻһӻ𣿲˵СУͬһкܶ෹ݣѵֻȥһҳԣ
ֻôǿľԺ϶Ҳϵˡ
˵Щ䣬ǶʱԲͬ黨ȻӴ⣬һ䡣
̫Ǽһ
ϼ˵ֹ䣬Ҹ棬вͬãÿƷʶۡôѣǰڣιܽиɻ˵⣬̫ǼΪ˷Σ
̫Ǽ˼Ц⣬Ȼܺá
˵Լ뷨һΪҿдǧǧǰ򻨾ϲ黨֮ȥһǰȥҲܰЩæ
ڿ֪ͨ뷨ѾǵˣһһȫռŻʱۺúιһ飬ǾɳȻϼ˽￴ЧȷһöĻͿ԰Ѹ䳲Ž˽ȥˡ
̫Ǽ֪ϵ뷨Ҳ޳ɣˣ¾Ԥףַ䳲ˡ
Ц˵ּԡ
仰̫Ǽһ£֣ˣԼҪǰȥǧһΣ֪ʱпͬȥԶ˶٣ǧ磬ȥǧɡ
Ͽȥȴһ˿ȻʱʱȥֳֻæµԳСȷſǰô
̫Ǽӣ־õȡȻɣ姼ӵҲֶΣҲͬȥһ⣬Ҳһˡ
ϵͷʱ׼׵һɡ˵ȥǧǴǧ硭ҳһѡȵȥɡ
̫ǼҲͷұҹ̸Σ
ϴӦҲá
λСǧĴæ˺ܳʱ䣬ҲǿԳȥˡ

һСǧŨһߴɽ֮䣬Ѹһٲǰٲ󷽵ɽһͷӵǰľԪڰģһȫ䵽ԼĸѸеѵ¡
ϢǱٲһ࣬ͫ˸űɭȻ֮⣬ۿɽϵ𶯣ڲݣϢ𽥼Ѳˣڼһʱ˺ѵʹ̫ңܿƵذڶβ͡塣
һѹµµȥþķ
ûԼжˣۿѾҪ顪ǺȴͻȻ̽壬ͷһӰٵصסǿѣѸٵջء
û
޷ֱ棬ڹȥԺײɽڣϢˡ
Ȼˡ
һƬ֮صģһѣɢɵ⡣
ͬʱסѵĳ˦βٵȥ
Уһమ󱻿ҵʿӻԼסɽѾѡһΪڶŵʱ̫ʹ಻ѹ飬ʣµǿƿǺСĸһڵֵõں̵ܶʱﻯΣȥ𣬿ʼ޺Ĺ¡ǵģСĸǾǰСĸ߲ƪ¹µŮǡ
߿飬ģڷʱʱ͸ϽˡĿĺܼ򵥣ѱѸ㵽ֺ۸УȻȡķҲ࣬СҲ⣬ǲκδӾ޶ǮĻġ


286 ѯ
˳õѺ, ûԼֱӻصС
ѾҰˣ޶Ǯ, پÿһʱһſǷиµ֪ͨеĲж
һҲ⡣
ߴ˿Լſ壬µ֪ͨ
˼󣬳ߴſ¹ܡ

¹ܵǣѯ
˼, ڵпǿԶѾͨвѯˣѯľǸĻϡȻ, 鲻Ǹľ, Ҳ鲻ǸĿ˾˭Щ
ϰǸıľȼһЩſȣΪܴٽпǰЩ, ˻ϺҲ˴ŵ˽, ڽǰܽһѡҲеס

ֱ롰硱ĸ֣ɲǼ, Ǹհ׵İϣȻͳ˰С֡
[0-԰]
[0-˫ͬ԰]
[1-]
[1-԰]
[2-ǰ]
[3-Ǵ]
[4-]
[6-Ǵ]
һϳԼڵ, Ǹ2ĶƪˡȻ[2]˽ȥ
ֳܿһӰ, ֳƬּ
·Ϊɡꡢ֡塢o࣬ʵƷڶ۷, ӵдƷʵ֮, ĵر
Ƭּ, һЩͼƬ, ¼һЩĳЩɽȫ, 飨˹񣩵ȵӰûضףЩӰпԿǸ´ʲôǴ¶ʲô硣
Ϣ˵Ƿǳˣ˵ǻǿǹģҲ֮Уп뵽׬ǮΣԼ̽áҲǸһ׼֪ȥ֮ǰҪ׼ʲôÿǿǲҪȥ
ڳ˵Ҳûʲôģ¾Ͱ߸һһǵĻȫ
֮Ǹ6ϡ
ڣ磬6ĲǴǧ磬ڻУǷǳ࣬Ϲ޴ڣƩ塣
ҲһȺռˮбַΪһҲжַʽкüͨѪ嶼֪ġšڣǿʵ۷壬ĵȼڵĳġ
ȻΪ̷˽׺ѪʵѾܿˣŵִûãѾƾĿ̿ԴĴնﵽ˶ףѾӽ۷塣
ҲΪԭڵ2磬Ѿʺˡ
Ҫǰһ߼磬ȸϵϣҲиøϤĵر

ӹɣ˽⼸ҲҪȥģɾ6ˡ
ֻǾһǰ
Ǯ
ΪʲôǮԭܼ򵥣˴󲿷֡
ǮҲɲ
ǧ磬ҪһҰ
һ
6ֻǴǧм͵ģôСǧһԾҪΪǧľ񣬲ôУ

ʵǴӵͼ߼ȥǸ߼ͼֻͬȼ绥תСǧҪ1ңǧ10ǧ100ĸ벻Լڴǧ첻ãҪ8磨ǧ磩תƵ4磨ǧ磩ӣҲҪ10ҡ
ǸкĵˣȻ6磬ôͲȥ硣ڷԼǮ֮Ϳʼ֮׬ǮˡҲָ֪СȾ߻ôĻǲܵģҪп˽̣ҲʺעֱƱϡ
׼ֱȥǸ磬һһҸŵĵطپѼмֵƷֱӴյ񣬾ͿֱסǸ׼֮أղҲûϵ֮ÿȥҲֻҪ2򣬿ԾϤǸĻ
˼߿˿ԼʣµķңӰ顣

ӰӰ顢ӰͬӶУȻӰӰĹغϵĵطſԽԽ࣬Ҳ̳ˡ
ÿſ¹ܡֵ֪ͨʱܻһЩзۣȻȺҲǿԵģֻʱһЩڱ¼ˢ塣
Ʊһ֣ܶ˾˴㣬ҲһġѯͬԼȤͽһټϾ˵֮Ը˷չΪûнύ̫ѣǡ̳Ҳͳһֲķ
ڳߵ㿪ӰʱͿҳƮӣÿӵı⣬ϣƱġ
ǰ6ͬ飡
ûȥ4ǼģȥĽһֵƱ۰
ȥûǸ7Ļ磡羰ƯˣȥĽ
5ħˣͿȥˣ
ȥĽңӵˣ6
3ȥȥ
Ӻܶ࣬Ͼͳܶӻǵýȥ֪˵ĸ硣
ߺģӰһ飬Ҳ֪ô˵ԵʣȿԺҲȷˣû˷ǰǸƱ
Ȼ󣬳߻10ңԼˡ
6磬ˡ
Ȼ󣬳߾һһˢȴ

ӰġʢȻҲע⣬ԪĻ̵ҲЩӣѡ
һ߿һ߶Ԫ˵Ȼã㿴լլĳ߶˸ӣһȥ·ء
ԪķǷϵͳռ¡ſڵ£ⲻȥ⣬ȻֻҪ΢ȫȻġ
Ӱ£ȻҲʮֻû˼ѡ
ʱ죬Ԫ°͸ľѣ˵İ취ܺá
֪ԼҶԼϾǰôô꾭鶼ԪﲻǣɶԼǸ˰ǲ˾أǸˡ
Ȼ̲ס΢΢Ц
Ԫԡĺ˫££øˣǸһ⣬Ҳһ˿ȸԾ
ܵţһˢеӡ
˵һˢӵĸоԪܽ˼Ȥ
ˢӺͻȻԪй£𣺡Ԫ֮ǰҪȥǧ𣿡
ԪšһҼǵá
ȥĸã
Ԫ룺ȥ͸ġ
ͬǾͻǰһʼ˵ģ޾Ԩͻ磿һ٣ĶͷˣǸǳ硣
Ԫͷ°΢΢Ųĸϲ硣
գգۣǸϲ磬ȴû˷ҪȥǸʼɡ
Ԫٵͷ޾Ԩ硣


287 Ԩ
޾Ԩ, ˶ħֹҹ硣
ҲǡΨһһûκ˷˵Ҫȥ硣

ѪºգĺڹӵϣƤĵ͵ħðݵཬðͷ, ˶Դ, OO@@غڽʲô
ͻȻ, ͵, Ӱɿڳֱӵذ߾, Ȼͱ֧ȵĳ̴壬ڷꡱ, ڻһ̲, ӵû
⻹û, ڼ͵ħﱻɱ˲, һߵĲݴͻȻҲڳ˺üħ, Щħ̬ܣ³ɺɫĳ, Ƶڿн, γһ, ҪǸ˵üġͲﴩ͸Ҳʱ, м֧ϮƺûĶ, ҲƺԤ˻Щħܹ, ħ͵Ϯ֮ǰѾٴңǼ֧̳ħǱ, һŻǵȼ, ꡱ, ǵڵϣΪһŻҽ
Ǵʲôأݴ󷽵Ĺľкܶħû˷˰ΧǿٵøԵֶνϮ޵ߵĿ϶ûС
ЦЦҲûʲôη塣
Źң·ҪȡµĳҲ·ոս͵ϮѹûѶ˺̶̵֧ܶļʸ֮䣡
ÿһֻħϣһ֧ʸ͸
⵫ǹγɰΧȦħǣʸ֮¡
һļž
˾վԭû
ĸһƬڣƺɢȵζ
Ҳûκһֻħˡ
ţ˲Ŷ߱ԼԸߵͬЦЦǼ߰ɡ
ͬͷá

·ӵصģԪ
Ϊʲôûκο˷˵Ҫۼһͬ鵽ԭҲˡ
Ϊİǿʳӵ˼£һ߲ûС

ϣħﶼ֣ħﶼ
һЩԨͳռݵصĺĳǳħǱϿƱһԵƽʵҲʱضħﱻϽһεĵطɻЩʲôģʹ˷ֻ֣ҪͳµĹسͻôͲܵκγͷͨħǾŪ΢һЩҲΪʲôξٱħ﷢֣ᱻħһ
ĳǳĵطСǳҲռһЩأڳסħҪЩأЩֻͳ߲һֻħħħɱʱܳײɺҪЩ桢ӲڹʱħǶԷסħﲻӳԱ֮ġ
κһضȫžħħ֮ĻɣΪΥǱԵģȫžôΪͳҪռԴԴǻΪͳߵĹֶ̰ģȥͶͳߣͻʵȼԼƣһ𷴿һೡģɱɣѡһʵǿµͳߡ
Ұ⣬ɱ͸ˣֻһͽ
áŮȻҲǿʳǻ״̬дķȵġܶʱ˽ͷѪҲҪһаûͻǰ½ʱ򣬶һûʵɡΪеµʱԿƣذոԵ¡
޾Ԩоһжǳ㡣
Ѫֲб
֪˵ΪǮκΡıǵϢ룬ʵҲû취룬˷ȻҲԿ˷ÿʱÿ̶񾭣κʱκνκο϶ʱħǹ
ޱȷ£ҪѲٹ򣬺οѰԴ¼ʹҵˣҲҪսΧһȷǷܰԴߡ
ҹģҹֻһѪ൱⣬Ŀǰҹڣ˶ӦӦҲϲ
ˣǲ鵽ĴʱֲɵôԴḻĴǧǧ磬ʲôҪأҲǴҶֻڣǵʵü󣬸ԵĵȽ׵ͷĲ㹻ǹ䡱ˣǲŻſǣһ䡱

Ԫϳ˵ģӵصĸ˶źɫӣϺܶĴһЩ˵ĺ£аھ顢顢ħŮѪʲôħϱΣʵ̫ͨŸҰߡ
˸ûͱӺ͸زݴĹһսʽķϮֵĿǰĽʵ磬Ǳ֣ʱضٻ۳ļʸЩʸͻ䵽κһɵؾͳЩħ
ʾһƬؽžѹʵǱصħǱܵطǲܹϷֵҲֻؿ뿪ˡ
ûаһɱɣҲ֣ΪǻǺǵı֪ǣҲѳԵڵҲֻ࣬Ҫǲðͷǿǲɱǵġߺ֪˴ںδĵ͵ħǻѶԷΪвҵɱɣôһ߼ʤߣٴһĳ֡

Ԫ˳Ƭӵصķǰߡ
Ԫұߵһ˵һħ
˳Ǳ߿һʱ仹Ͱѻ˫۴ٿȥʱ򣬴͸غڰȻǱߵһ̶һֵС
Сֻ׸ߣ֦ҶҲ̫ïǳɫģŤŤĵطðŹ̵ݣӦżߵ¶ȡ
֦辷ֳ߹ɣÿһ϶һֵĹʵȫǳͺɫӵģ״һŶħͷ­ֱ¶ֲͬı飬ǳ
Ƕħ
ժǶħʵȥĶħᴿѪҪתԼѪһħϵȥҲ
ħڶħ˵Ǻģ׶󣬻ÿÿһöħĵȼ
һĵȼԣʹö׵ĶħҲһĵΣյڣΪ뷽Բǧ׵ĵطյûгһ׵ħȻģҲܶħʲôв
ߵħǰʶߵԪԪħھУ
Ժ㶣ˣûоġ
ûоûо飬е黹ŸֲͬˣܶԴҲˣͬǲߵġߵԴǲᱻáʱƶʧġ˷ѵԴ
Ԫش˵ھУºӪá
ЦˣǾ͹ˡ
ԪͷҪԸ΢΢ſָ
һ룬ħʧˡ
ԭصģֻһðСӡ


288 Ԩ
Կĵط, ڲĳ¿ٳĿռͻأزһƬ̶ĳðŹˮݵ, , ϷȴͻأسһСֳ߸֦, ߸ӡ
ͬʱ, Ƭ̶ĸĺɫЩܱۣ֮𲽻߹ɣߵѪˮ, ֦ϵĹӸˡ
ЩҲӱ, ·ɢɵĹΡ
Ȼǳ÷ǳõӡ
Ѿ޸˹ֲܵռ䡣
ĬǳԪҪھħ֮, ͬôһֲרֲ޾ԨֲĿռ䡣
ռԨʱӡõֲ, Ӹ⻷
̶Ѫ֮ⲻͨһֶѡ

ԪԨС
뿪ӵغһƬɽ롣
ɽеֲﲢǳľлеĺ컨ǳɫɫɫɫϵ, ɫŹֶŤüֲɫšһγһַǳ״̬ͷƤ顣
ﵽѵ·̳͹Ĺͷ, ͷҲ绯ԭɫ, һЩι״İСֲŲҰɫĹӣÿһֻĴָͷô󣬶ϸͻᷢ, ǹͷ, ÿһšͷڲҺı, 걻棬һֱŵʹࡣ
⣬ҲһЩʪأѪȾɺ߻̵ɫЩħǵѪз·֪ʲôط̽ЩѪ̰˱ħªС͹ʹӸ߿ᣬȴٿ߹ಡһ̴ĲܿͰѪɡ
ͬʱлźܶľ޴񣬳չ·ܹƱաǵԵͬÿһܹɷ籩й԰Ѻܶ಻ƤħѪⶼһƬƬ
ɽо޴Ĺǿӣ鲼Ұɫãͷ滹鲼ŷ·Ұ޿ɹĿӿӶкܶͷĳЩӶȥ
ŶħվڹǿӵһǣǰкüֱֵܿȥһѹǼܡħﴭŴӹǿӵһͻȻһͷһžͰѶħ˽ȥûüһҺ
Ұɫͷɫľ˶ħ󣬱¶мͻȻ䣬ĺ񸩳£͵ز
ӺѪë׷ɣѪ翪Ⱦһȳζ
ħﱻѪеڹľﻢеı̰ͷ׺ݳȥǾ߱ﲹӪʳΪ񲫶ĳ롣
һƬɽУɱѸͣӾͻһžʤǱʱʤҲʤߣתΪһħĿ
ɱɱ֮䣬û˿ԡ
ȻһͷƻħյĳɹһÿϺȻԾ𣬰һֻ˶ӵġĹסһ׹ڵϷ˼ʮȦڹѣ֮ʣһҧ˹ĲڵʳѪȻٶȣԵ˹λ
ûע⵽Ǳڿ֦ãƤë̴̴ҵͻϮĻᣬ˹һսǣԵԼɿر۵
ܶ䣬ѾϰħЩܵԼʵһǿ˳ʹõܱɽԼһζ

յһСѾ˲ʮɱò̾޾Ԩеɱܼ֮Ÿո߹˼طѣһƶȥħĿȴѾ㲻ˡ
磬Ŀǰ˵ֲ̫ˡ
絽ƬɽȴĿĵġ
Ԫ֣̾꣬ͬһ΢һ㣬˸һ۵ħɽǰ
ħɽ棬ҲһЩħڡ
ǣЩħûвͻȻˣģҲûᵽһߵϢ
Ԫ֡
类ס׸֪֮⡣
ħɽһħɽ衣

ħɽɺüħһ꽻֯ŻģʷǳСĹҲᷢܶ⡣
ǰһѾɰٷ֮ʮҲǻġ
Ժ󣬻ͷ׺ݵĽħΪħɽǱصúֻٽͶûг׳ͣħɱನݻһħɽͬʱħɽħɽһͷѻûȫȡǼħɣ⻹̫ˣۿѾֻһʱ򣬾޴ɽʯûħɽ裬ֻܲĵرһѸķ

ԪȻΪȡһħɽ衣
ԪĴ£һ͸ħɽվħɽǰ
ڵʵɽʯصһ⣬صͷԼüۣȻǺںɫħɽ衣
ħɽĸаֿḻħǵħɽ費ϵسȡţûһں֮С
Ԫָᳯħɽһ㡣
ɲǼ䣬ħɽȡħٶһ򱶣ˡءħת˲ͱˡ
ؿħɽɫҲۿɼٶȱ仯ӺںɫתΪĺɫֺھͬҹɫһǳ䣬ĺ⣬ȡԽԽ࣬Ҳüٶȥˡ
Źʮҡ
еĺ춼ˣʣµľһɫƵħɽ裬ħɽıŨҲһҺ壬һֽʡ
Ԫħɽһ֡
ħɽ˲ǰ
ϸؿ˿ǵ΢⼫ۣһֶԶħо޴ٽõıħѪڶħͻƷ׵ʱɳɹʡ
Ǿѵı
۲жϣ׶İɣ
Ԫͷ
һ׶ⱦǿͻƵףֵͦߡ¶һЦݣԪֱϼ˰ɡ
Ԫٵͷָ䣬ħɽͱսУеƷôһƷĸߵı
ħɽɴڣڼǳǿߵɱУҲɻᱻݻ١
һΣݻٵľͽֻħɽỹ˷һˡ

ħɽȡԺԪһƬɽȺ
ĻɽǷڵҽ
ҽħرӵ޽ܡռ̵ҽ֣ģҽԽԽΣյҽʵﵽ˽סڴ˿̣ҽͼͻƵףӺͻʧܣٵһƬɽȺҽдԴǴڣһԴģȴȥ߰˰ˡ
һԴҽ
ҽƷײߣһҽƷ׿Դﵽһ׵ףһƬҽƷʺܺãȻһ׵ģȴҲ൱ֵĶף벻ٵס
վһƬҽҽصͷ
Ԫ֣ժȡпܱҽϢʧ
ҽҪͻƵĹ⾰ûʲôǸߵħעЩҽȻʧ


289 
ԨǸֲռ, ֶһҽ泤˻滨ڲͣطšͬʱ, һ׵׵Ʒϼ˺ܶƷʵĻ滨

Ԫȥһ
Ŵ, ԨһħĿħ̫ͻħﱾ̰ܵĳ󸽽ͬħ˸ɾʣǸһֱûб˷
ǣԪɼе
ʾ, Щȫϼܡ
, ħҪɡ̡չԾ, ׵شħ, ҲԴβƵ׺ħþߣƳһЩħҩƷҲ֣һ׶⡢׶⡢׶֡
Ĵ洢ﵽʮ֣Ϊ6Եʣʮ, ȫ׶Ʒʡ
ˡÿһ˵, ۼΪ10/g, էܱܺˣʵÿ10gļֵ͸һˣɼһ, Ҫ5000, һ׶ıҲֻ۸, , ô۸Զ׼һ͵
ʮȫȥ
㣬΢΢ۡ
һڷң
൱мֵƷˡ

Ԫٴȥ˷ħֲ԰
ħֲ԰дѾֲġӣһ뻹ʱƣЩҲɢҲû·ѿµֲ
ڣԪЩ£еֲռȻֲܶҪ΢Ĳ𣬵ֲռԽģ⡣
ħֲ԰֮󣬻кֻܶ޾ԨԴ˵ʯ֮ġʯҲһħȻԺһʯģǾѵԴЩʯȻҲƷסӵжãҩʹġ
Ԫһʯ˵֮أһʯȺ¶ܶʯģһܽ⡣겢֣Ƕ޾ԨģǳֲԵˮʴǿһУͼħˮ
ٱԨ֮Ѫ⻷Ѫ½¹âʱͬѪ꣬޾Ԩеκ嶼мãֻǶÿȺ÷ͬѣҲ׵ıÿ꽵Ѫ꣬ᱻûбĲ֣ڽӴ˲ʧ
ԪһտĵطȺ򣬲Ѫ꽵٣ħԡԪһ棬ǼӴģᱻ£еĻ֮С
֮ǣΪͷʵʵϵϻ˵ֻҪϻƻͻһֱҲʱ޾ԨЩ쳣ᴩ͸ϻֱɱ꣬ȻɥˣϻȥɲǴһӣͬܵӰ񣬱һƹͷͬһļӲ
֮ǵƷ׸һҲ׻ףԳΪϻĲϣ֮֮һϻܵ쳣Ӱ졣ܶǿΪ˰вѰ֮ǣ뵽Լϻȥתʱֲϻ֮ˣʦͽлģżĻᡣ
Ȼ֮Ҳϼܡ
ֵĸ߽Դʤö٣ȱԪҵִһռġ
Ƿϵˣɶڡ£ϵͳǵⲻϵþͿȫϵͳġֱָʾϵͳѼһеĿȡԴΧǾһȤҲûˡ

Ʒ׺ܸߵԴָԪȥ/ħʯģһЩע˷ѵıȽͨҲͬھ򡣱ϾƷֻаĲǣͨƷҲźܴгġ
ħʯעᱻ˷ѵĲͬƷ׵ڶֲͨķƷ׵ԴĳΪ֪طĹһЩ̮ؾԴȡ
֮ԪһͨæеĻܼЩ಻̫ѡҲôԺƽ粻̫ѺõƷͬʱȴҲúܶп۾
ܶħĿȾ͹ȻǸֲоĺܶˣеоģĳЩЧصԴҲȤ򣬾Ϳǵͷˡ

Ԫٶȷǳ죬޾Ԩ̫ˣǴǰȥЩСǧǧȵġ˵ģֻԪźԪڵǸ5ȽϣԨǸ100
6ˣ߼78ô9ˡ
ǲࡣ
ޱȿֲĲࡣ
˵Ȼ̫ô硢Ԫٶȿ죬ܾȡԴҲǳ࣬ҪȥĵصǷǳࡣǣʱ䣬Ҳͦࡣ
ȻȻģһ·ߣۿԨ
ǻĽҰ⻹ǳǳڲǵͼħﻹԨǵ̰޶ȡбѪ׺֮֮Ӧô˵һԱ籾ԣЩ϶ڸݣȻڵľǲ̫󲨶ˣҲϲ
رߵĹУħͲֻҲ˵ȫûȥħֻ·ϱ͵ϮȻɱħʹﵽĿ
п磬ȷʺΡ
֮ǰôģ׼ˣôġ
Ԫ§§˵Ժܻп⵽
룬Цǡ

Ԩ类Ԫţɢ˵˽լһ졣
Ԫһ֪ԼҶˣҲûֻܺúõ§ˣʲôҪͶι֮ģû١ˡһУֱϵͳá
أ˸ָ˾
ǱģҲе˼Գ˱ԪѼԴ⣬ʱʱҲÿߣϮν൱Ƶд󲿷ֶСģҲȷʵͦ񾭽ġĲʵǶ̬ЩħǵϮǰڸȾʱֲͬǱȸȾǽƻ̫ˡ
һ⣬ҲȹĽ׵ʵ
ǽͻĽ׵ģŻΪԪʼߵԵʣÿʱǿȫͶ룬ܶʱ״̬֮죬ԤԼ뻹²ͻƵĽףû뵽Ȼǰôࡣ
ܾãܻǸϵõԲйءĿǰ鰮鶼ԲҵҲһֱ˳ʼ̬ѣ˲С
ͻģ֮࣬໹Ǹˡ
ǰڵ׵ģĽ׵׾ҪϺܶࡣ׼ȷ˵ڻϣһ׵ĽǰΣ׵˽жΣھŽǵĺΣȻǳѡ
ôһĽ׵ͻһĽ׶ΣǱȻġ
еķչѾƽȽ׶Σ߹Ԩһ⣬Ҳɲڱչһʱ䣬ȫʵƽһ֣ȥڶǧ硰


290 ǰͯ
º, ء
ԪһأȻ˻ǰļƻ׼ȥ˳һҪȥĵط, ˳λġͯ硣
Ǹռݾ̡Ϊ硣
ڹȥ֮ǰ翿ԪĻ, ̧ЦʣҪȥ˶ʲôҿǸӺûˣƱѾˡ
˵, ӰϵǸӡ
ﵥID, ټԺڵһЩ˲Ϥ, ҲûپעǰڿǵĶ, һʱ䵹Ҳֱ治˭˭Ѿͣ, Ŀֻĸ
ȻƷ嵥ȷѾ˲Ʊǰͯľôһš
ԪΪϵͳ, ΢Ѹٵظ˻ش𣺡ͣ, Ǹ׼Ȼ빺Ʊһȥˡȥһĸ, ÿ˻ңĿǰǵִﰵͯѾʮʱ䣬ûн飬Ƿɢжġ
ͷ, ʣЩˣ֮ûһϤģ
Ԫҡͷǻ಻ϤȻϸо, 4Ǽ硶ǿմ, ʵ۷壻5硶졷ķ謺, ʵ۷壻7硶ȸ¼, ʵжΣ7硶ۡı磬ʵĽ۷塣
һʵĽײ֣ʵ׵Ĺȥô磬»ǲ̫ȥڵԽ̫󣬽еҲͬϤҲͦġ
ڷֱģ
Ԫش𣺡ǳɱһ壬謺һߵǳѰĴͬںѰԴھ뺣ϽļС档
ҶͦԾģ°ͣȻҲȥ򸽽ļСɣͶŵ뱡ȽϽĵط
Ԫûڵ
˵ǱˣûŹƱúͦǮƵģá
ԪȻû
ָǰһ㣬˵ǰͳһ澵ӡ
⾵Ӹӳճ˵ˮͬӳճڵӡ
ͿԼЦصĻϱһ˫ֱ۲ģԼ۽ü϶Ÿˣﻹŵ㡭˵ֺ΢ġ֮˿Ҫе㺦
ʵе㲻͸Ԫûɶôôôأ
ٹ۲쾵ԪԪǸûʲôӣ°͸ļż˵Ҫۿ˿ܿžе΢ĺ
ټϻǱ˿ԼԿú⡭ԼԪȦģ͸ˡ
ﺦȥһͨʵֻһͰֵµɡ
Ԫʣµ٣
磺µ50%ԡ
˵ʱϸ΢ı仯ȻҲûλ˵ῡƽƽ棬ƤҲû֮ǰĹȺĶǴ·ˣǵʡ̬ɺԽ
˼£˵Ҳһ°ɡͻȻ¶ЦҸһ㣬׳һ㣬ٸһ㡣
Ԫá
磺·ҲǸ˿Ҿħʦɣսʿ
Ԫá
ţٳֵˣ͸硢Ԫ·һëǮϵҲûˡ
ٰ˶ǾǾҲˡ

ͯ磬ôֲҲۣռ30%½أϰߡŷչϵһƣʵϵķչħ硣ֻ½ûо顢ˡˡؾ壬ȫ壬ַɫͫɫϵĶУƤҲǰ׵صĺڵĻƵĵȵȡʵҪϵֱΪħʦսʿսʿһͨһԴͿģӵжսʿҪ츳ħʦͬǴžͱħ츳ġ
ԪѡľǸ԰һϵеϸ֣һǣһħʦĽףԪսʿôΪĽʥĽףȻˣǵʵǰĿǰʵȺʱ򣬻һαװװԼ7ħʦ7սʿʲôġ
һ׼׵Ԫ磬ʧ
һǳ˺򸽽һСеµġһעСӡ
翴ԼħħȣħۿյļֱƮ㡣ٿԪŴ󽣣Ҫ߳һͷ
̲סЦˣͦ˼ġ
ԪͷҲоӽǱȽȤ
š

ڵ֪ܹƱʱ򣬱ͶǧȤҪȥһЩǱ¥ҪȴԺõƷ
ǸܹϵˣѸٹһڵĿ󣬵һʱ䷢˺Ĳ㡪Ҳ֣ĺҲǷǳģ¥¥뺣ȽԶܺѸٵػ㹻ĺ⣬Ĳô򽻵ҲǳģӺԻõεĻҲܡ
Ȼ;һǰͣҪȥһ׵õƷ磬磬ʵֻǸ˵ռ70%൱Σյ6硣
ԼʵĽ۷壬ʱͻƵףǸʵĵڶײ㣬ʵϿʱصеſȥǱһӦÿС
뵽ȻѸǰ׼ˣҲ㣬һ˳ĻԽʶһЩĿˣԵ
ȥӰԼǰͷ֮ǰѾȿˡ
ĸˡ
Ҫǰǧˣ⼸ҲôȱǮԺܿ˽¼˽ģȻһСȺȺ顣
ҶˣûþˣԱ˴˵ӡҲ
Լü沢ƱںǾͷظ׼
ҲһЩҪ׼˵õһűˮ飬Ҫȥ鲼磬űǱزٵġٱԼ׼ɷԼҪԼ󲿷嶼ںбһЩƻС͵Ϯ﷭һЩһԵĴ󹥻СĻ˺ٱһЩָĵҩǿ󷨡Ұʹõľסصȡ
׼Ķ׼Ժ󣬱һٳһЩԴУȡķҴſ
ЩҲΪģΪĿģһرҪĶǸʧܣȶУ̿۳Һǰ֮ǰǸԭλãڶʧȴûüУôſصԺ󣬾ͿſǮԼٵһ壬Ͻ
ʱ򣬱ŸԼ¥˽˵ԼҪչһʱ䡣ȻͰرö󷨷
ţŶǰиͬеĿǼ档

һж˳ܿõ⼸˵ĺøУֻǺøйøУôһжһǰԼƱԺ󣬾͸бԼȥǸԺ󣬷ֱҪǰʲôĵط
Ҫһעġ뷱½ع뺣򶼺ܽӽ֮
ȻҲԸԳġ


291 ӵĴ
Ĵһλͨ, ڵִﰵͯѸ˸ƹݺȾƣȻ˵ĶԻ, к˾ƹһӵ, һöң˵ԼԶ, ˵һ˵ط¡
Ҫһ, ΪǵҪǸĻ, ÿο˵ִ, Ϳͨſֱ÷תһֻ
Ȼ, ÿĻҹͬ, һıҲвͬ, Ǳ, ֮󣬹ͨſ1000Ҷһľңʹﵽһ򡣾Ƚϸ߼ĵλ, ھ֮»нҡҺͭ, ÿһֻ֮һıһʮ
˵, һö, ˼, ô󷽵Ŀ˺ټȻǸϽԼ֪ľϸŵȫ˵˳
ú棬ָû
ܿ, ͶһṩĻҪϸºܶ˽⡪ҪֻСҵ, Ҳ㹻, ֮вΥ͡
Ȼھƹﳢ˳ɫ, ˵˵ƹϰصƣȻʩʩȻ߳ƹݣ˸һ̡ٳʱ򣬾ֻ˸װ硣
ǴͨˣǴħˡ
˼壬רŷչħþߵˣȻսʿйصƷҲͬǵѼ۷Χ֮ڡЩû˿ħ/սʿͨǲͨġ
ڱôֳԼħ
ӵħ۵ĳµֻҪעһˮͿӦЩµҲܰ۳۸
ΪĽ۷ǿߣ΢ģһԻûģȻ׾پͨˮĿ飬˳õۡ
ʹСгʼо𽥽ύһЩ
ڴͨϵʱһЩԼĲͬƷܿҲõ˺ܶ˵ĺøУ¶ϣܶؽڶˡ
ĹҲ˵Сң̶һݵʱȥһЩڹĹˣΪСмλϿͣǵ滻һЩƷ
ڼ䱡粢ûз֣ʵѾϢظһ·ˡ

ȻǸԪ
ڻ˸ƽƽġױԺ˵ִǸСӣ뱡ڵĵطֻвһףȳԺԪϢڣĻΪ⣬總ʮ֮ڣĽ۷ĸ֣ҲʼûзǵӰ
Ȼۿ˱ôʵԼ˵ݸ˴򽻵ģԲͬвͬӦԷʽʲôײˣǶñ׺ֵΣһܿ׺ܳϿҺʵڵˣͶˡ
粻ɸпܾ츳ɡ
Ԫ˵á
ʧЦҪҿĹңҪҿ϶ǱȲġ
Ԫܼ֣á
ˣҲаɣá
ԪˣƴļϣǸ뻷ƣͨѿ׽㣬Ҳûرš
ţ˼ڱ
һ͸˺ü졣
ۿһ·ύһ·ǰڹҲܿ÷ˮӲͬ㵽˺ܶЩ˵ѹ׵ĺöеպãеľһ·𽥳֣׬ȡ󡭡
ôţһ߸һ߸ԪúõһСҡ;ʲôóԺúȵˣѲغܶơزзζһЩζرõħġַƳӽĳЩħ޵ϸ۸࡭ЩԪԹԺرζľͻ˳ִһݡ
ǴȥҲһ

˱һΣˮҲò࣬ȻٸתͷԪһڸ½ֹһ顣
ȻϣԴռ˾󲿷ֵģ½ҲкܶԴ˽֡ɽһЩصżԾȡԴȫ£֮ڣϼܵģҲǵһʱϼܡ
Ĺͬ˺ܶζҲͳͳԪܡſЩζһֱζõһ̡
½ءϺȥ˺
ѾҲ˳ȥ˿λˡ

Ϊ֮ӣԴǲȱģʹȱʱĸҲ뷽跨ŪֻҪһĴ۶ѡõԺ뵽ĵһ¾ǣҪԼʵͬʱҪѸ׵κãԼʱ
ǵģӵĸǳٶǰܹˣֱ˵Լĸû취ٸһӴλŻعԼˣһ¾ҪˣŴҴææȢ檣áȥӾǳһҲбԴģûǳʧ֮ĸ鼫á
ӾеƷѰҿƸ׵ҩΪ֮ǰֻǧԵʣȻȷЩǹõģ׵ʵ˵ЩЧ
ֱ˴ǧ硣
ӵעһʱ6İͯϡ
ԺΪб鲼塣
оǳϵĴҪȬҪԺ㺣ĸࡣҪָ϶ҩĽа󣬰֬һҩİɸ࣬ǳÿʳָࡣͿ԰ǴƵĻôҪʳĻٰʮһ죬;ԲʲôˣǳϻΪ̲Լĵ̸һ
ӵҲǺܶģͬҲ㺣壬Ҫ͵͵ȥɱϸʳûϵĹϵҲһ㣬㺣廹ΪʳǻԵĹϵǳҪǼҪãһ嶼ñɾ˲ϣ
ȻһҲжǿߵģӺǳϸôɣʱǻӣӰ쵽ͺ΢ƽ⡪Ҳǳ֪ôԼȴշѡӺԵʡ
ڲͬˡ
ⰵͯĵȼߺܶ࣬һȺҲǳӴȥЩ㺣壬ֻҪǳߣÿѰҼ֧ɱСѸ£ŽһרԤõĴþУʣµ㺣ʬضѻһĴþЩþߣڹ֮ǰǰ׼õġȻصԺԽƷʺõһȥװţҲԼ˽㣬ֱУȡӦķҡ
ȻʧȥʬĲһλеļ۸ҲǲߣҲȰʬ˷˺á

ԪӵĸʱΡ
ӳַǳҲǳΪԼʵ׾ʹһһ׶׵Ⱥɱ㺣ǻΧߣȴ䵥㺣֣ȻѸٳ֣Ѹɱ
ԪƮںУӵжϣҲͦ͡
ţͦТ˳ģҲͦġ


292 謺Ĵ
ڲϵѼ㺣ĸ, ǳģԴԺ󣬾һֱ⸽ĺǱ
Σշǳ, ÿ춼ɱ, Ϊͨϸ۲ɱģɱƷܸ, һ׶, ֻżŻﵽסԼҲ, Ҫһ, ѡҲϢһЩġСģټһ屾Ƿǳб, һֱ, ÿ챻ɱ㺣ƺںΧ֮, ҲһֱûƬ㺣ע⡣
ҲһƬ, ɱһԺͻתƵһƬȥ編ơֻҪһֱô̬, ϸһص, ԼʵԵõһ, Ҳȡ㹻ǳʹõࡣ
羡ܱȲ, ӵ, ֻҪһʷøУһССġʹˡҲǿġ
ߵ¶Ҳĺܿ, 翴һӺ, Ҳ뿪ˡ
ȻѡһƬ, û׼, ɳͻ
ȻҲǺܺõƷƷϾǴӻŵʳģԼŪԴûģΪ֮ͲôˡһҲ֮һ˼Ҳбб¶ѭģҵıҲߺܶ࣬ôƾԼϲþȥ¾˵ˣҪ㺣Ҳ˷չΪĿˣ˼ȡΣǵöΡ
Ԫ§磬գ۵ʱ˷謺ڵƬ

謺죬һλܱ뺷Ůӣ׺ջȥԼҴͽϱòʵصĺù
Ϊһ֮ϼ縺ǺصģõſһֱŬ׬ȡԴΪ˰Լʵߣ⻹ҪȡҲԼѡ㹻ĵˣ׬ȡſ߸öԷܸһƴܰǹչǾ͸ˣʹǸʱҲûϵ
Ȼſ̫ʵǺҲȰǹչΪĶ˻۸ԴҲӵиĳɱ
ţ謺ƴ͸Ŭˡ
ҲΪԵʣҲûôְ׺Ǵϵ˼׺˱ҲǺίģϾҲ˷謺Ǳһͽûùղȥ֮ǰԵڣҲͬˣ̫ۣǾͲˡ
һأ謺ʵҲԼ׺һƴģǰ׺õ˺ܶöҲ׬˴ķңʵͻƵļںЩǰѾչˡ
ȥǾץʱ䣬ֻӰӣһˡ
ѡһƬǳҲǷ謺ϸ˼ġ
謺ͬǸܽˣǴβ㷭ɫĽ䱸ʮһİ磬óȻǰкĵطǲȡģҪѼǳѵõԴҲ̫ͬðա
˺ܾúžѡѰĴӰвɼ顣
֮ǰ謺쳢˵ԼȥɼĵطͶŹԺСĵش֮̽󣬺Ȼ⸽һЩ򳣳º̴ֻǴֲڲͬĺˮеĵطǺܰȫģеĵطȴʳĺרţ͵º飬ΪǵѪʳ
謺ִЩΪѪʳ˵ʵһ£оߵҲûгԼڵʵǺܿѡ˵ص㣬뺣С

һƬǳźܶ౴塢壬ǵǿԱεģԼͺó飬ֻԽõıԽҪĥķѵʱҲǳûǡͬıͰ࣬岢ᵱԼͬ࣬ЩȺǻΪʳģǱı飬ΪȻĥƷδرȱв΢仯Ʒʸãδ֪á
謺һǳζһڰ˵Ϣ

иͨںߵʱһֻ򿪺һɫ飬Ȼֻиӵô󣬱ĸͷ˵ֵһᣬɾħʦļȴǿɫħãĥɷʳһλżħʦֱһȼΪħʦǰδе£Ҳ˽ֵ˺ܳһʱ䣬ǶʱҪҵͬɫ飬ȴûǵ顣
ҵıֽɫ飬ʱǱֻаƴ󣬶Ѿڸ࣬ʯ飬񵽱ǵ˲ǸСӡСú˿õСָǴĽɫ飬ĸĸȥɫӵãʹֻʮ꣬ȴҲһλħʦɹظһͻƺ͸ˡ⻧˼ҲõλħʦĸлдʵǮƣǸСΪȷʵħ츳ħʦΪѧͽһ󣬺ҲΪ˺ĸ߼ħʦΪּѶΪħʦĵӣжԷ²׸ıԼ
⻹Ƭеõ˺Ƹ߼ħҩĻɫ飬˵õҹ﷢⻹ûκкʵҹ飬˵õĥɷ۷úഺķɫ飬ͬʵֻûͻһ׶ôŵİɫ顭˵ͬɫͬãܶ鿴ͨǾͻֺᷢܲƽ︽ľ׼Ҳżºȥʹ󱴣˾ͻȥ򿪣ܿʲôҲǿǵˡ
ֿǵʵäҲͦƵġ

һƬʯĸһرǣǶʯķ϶غҲһ۵ʯͷ
謺ۼ⣬֮ѸٸȥսԼĴþСҲûͣܿߵһߣȥѰı
ܿ죬һϿкܶۼһ𣬰΢΢źϣкܶˮд
謺ȻҲȥ鿴ûΣպ󣬾ѸٵؽЩҲȫսԼĴþ档
طһЩǱǶĳЩʯͷģЩں׵Щǳĳӿĵط
謺ϸԼÿбıյһ̶֮󣬾ͻϰڸĳùס¡һһȡ飬ͨյһ۵Ĵõı飬һרŵĴС
ˣȵõ㹻ı󣬿￪һ˽̣רôı顣ôĻûôģͿΪͨԴԼˣÿǿĥɷҩ߷ÿĿδ硭
ͷ謺ѰҸ౴

翴謺ʱڸһֻ㲫
㲢Ǻ壬ҲƵһͷޣǺֻΪûлεҲûǣʵȴڶϡ
謺׼ģܺеɣ˫ֶһѶꪣͬһɵİֻĴ֮䴩󣬲ÿһδ󣬶նһֻ
Ѫڸˮȥɫӵڷ謺쾭ÿһطӳĵø


293 Ĵ
ֻĴֿ, ҲҪģ´ֵٶȲ緮謺ٶȿ죬ڼӺ, еĴֶ謺ն, ԼҲûзأ謺Դ
, ʬ屻謺ֱսþС
謺΢΢˼, һŵҩˮ, ҺĻָû״ĵҩġ
ָ, ǳڷܵٻ˸򣬼ȥұˡ
ŷ謺Ʈһ, ֻż˺еԴֲɼʱ΢, ʱ򶼷ǳרע, ЦЦҲûٸ
[Ԫ, ȥһλˡ]
Ԫ󣬵ͷͷֶͷ
[á]
һ룬ǰһ, Ȼں, Ѿ˸طˡ

һλڵǸȸ, ·衱Ǹ7硣Ϊһƽƽŵ, Ը䵭, ¶ʲôȤԼҲϣѾǺش, ֻţûһ˾ʦ
ҲΪ, лԴ, ɢҪǿ֪ٱ, ԴͺȡˣʹҪôͨԴȡңٽԼԴͨԴĿҲǲġ
Լƽƽ棬ֻһƽӹ֮
еϺȣ˵ԶڵȸﶼһȡӵʱȻǧѡﵥԼܽţȻҲбµġһţ¾ܳΪģģϣΪش
ˣҲһԼ֮·дˡ

ڵŽ׺š˼֪ѧط඼ǸйصˣܶطҲҪټġںϵԴУеĵλǵòģŸĺѰңǰȫһЩϵԴͱɵòˣЩԴҲֻģҪɼҪӵŵƲſԣҪȥԶǾͷǳΣգرǺкüȺ׺һȥˣǱԵĶ󡭡
ùѡͯ硣
һطĺŸĸĺҲѹʶǲ׺зܼʺѧطԴʹ粻ͬҲҵƷҲҪ㷨иѣطԴû׺ĴɽмеѹκͿɣѰԴḻĵطȥѰ٣׵ʵֻҪ㹻ΣСܶࡪҲǲòС˷ЩҶѡ

ûгԤƣҪһƬԴḻǳʱ͹ȻȻԼĿȥΧҲûбʵ̫߳ĺߺޡ
һۿģһƬĳϫݡ
ˣ⳱ϫݿ֪һģһá׺Ѱ֪ǵϢҲһģһеһطҪĲ֮һ
ϫҪʮδ󳱺лԵѿҪεĳϫпܼȡϫ֮󣬻Ҫȵǳ죬֪ٻԵɺϺ£ʹˣÿһεĴжһֱתΪɫģϡıƷ״ﵽĽףҲΪ̫ѵԵʣԺ塢˵ǴҩǲᱻǿʳģҲŸ巢Ļᡣ
ϲΪһƬϫһС붼Ѿǳɫˣһɨȥиꡣȫժȡеİʮһ֧Ƶķϫ˾Ҫ֪ⷨſʮꡢʮꡢʮһַʽϫԽ࣬ŵԽǿʣµĳϫϽţȡŹףﻻȡԴ
˵ܵõһСƬĳϫݣһ˾ûʹ˼ôȡЩҵԴԭϫݡ

ԺܺãʹǳϲãҲûʧȥ衣
˵ϫеĲʲôػĽ棬һĳϫݶԺ˵ǴҩأСĽһطԼϢϷ
ʵ֤ĽǶġ
ڼӽʱһԵɰʯͻȻڳһӰӰǳϸ˹ٶȴ൱֮죬˲ǰ
Ҳ˲쵽𿴺ӰϸСȴǳûܼʱȥüҪһ
Һã׼ġ
һգǰǺӰӲصסˡ
ӰһֻһĶڲûʲôģҲǺ֣󣬶ۼ׷ǳӲͷһССļǣó͵ϮͳײרŶҪһļǴУͻѸٱߴѪ⣬ʵǿı˻ѣֻԪѣʵһЩһУ¾˲䱻ɣò
Ҳܽƻ֪ϫǶ½ϵõıǱһз˹Ѱҵģͻᱻ͵Ϯĳϫ֮Իôɫ棬ʵҲһĹϵطҲ̫أֻ˵ģĶ֮¡
ĶһֵĶֱӴ̽˶ƣƵĲʮ⣬һ̽ȥȻһʱͳ鲻ˡֻһʱ
ķӦǳ죬Ѹһֻ֣ͻһˮ⣬ı֮ˮּǵɲֱӰסȻٵת΢Цĥһϣ޾ĴĥҲüӣŰĥһѪ⡭һ֧ġССĶǡ
ɿѪҲöҲգЩҲǲԴˣ־֣ȫǱƷߣľһڶסҲҿֻжףȻƸôɺϵذ
ºܽعȥժϫݣûκΣգԼĲժҲ൱˳ؽ
ϸպ˳ϫݺ÷Ų̽һ£ͳϢӦǿҵķȥûãַһµĺԴһڲ飬ǿ³һİ࣬طȡ뵽һЩķ棬ͬİܶ࣬һַűסǵսþ
ԼãһƬ˺Щ죬ѹͲϰľܺãҲȻҲʱʱһЩΣգÿһζоգҲ൱һʵԴ
˵ģ˵ЩԴǵչۣѾƱĳɱ̻ˡ
Ŀô룬Լ֪һεжֵã磬Ҳǳ͡

ʱ򣬾Ͳ֮ãѼ֮䣬Ԫ΢һߣλڸʲô
Ҳͦõġ
һںʩչĸַŵãҲԪԶһƬ
˿̣λ֮ѾеĿ˶ġһ飬ôԪһι䣬һ˳㡰ʱˡ

Դĺܶ࣬ᱻ˷ѡĿҲǼ£ôԪѾ£˷ǳֲĿеĻ


294 ֮
ѼԴ, ȻͲֻǸпһǳˣǳԴȼҲԽϵ͵ģԴ, ǵȥѰҡ
, ͱȻῴָĺ塣
Ԫɢסش, Χκκ嶼޷ǵӰ, Ҳ޷ǵĺۼ
Լ, ˺ܶຣ֮ɱ
һ, ÿһͷʵϣͷ, ؽʲһ, ز, ϱŷΪֲ, ſ޿ڣ˺ҧ㣬ͨԼѪһ
Ѫڶĺ֮, ĺȥ, üͷ屻˰, Ѹٵķ, ٱʳѪܵĳײ˺, Ⱥ˫ɺ죬αĺһƬ򶼲˾޴İ, úܶߵСǶⰼ, θкܶԭطĺԴ, ȵ, ʹ˷ںס
ҲΪЩᱻԴ
Ԫﷺ𵭵⣬΢΢һĨЩԴڽյǹ֮ǰļ΢СɲǣͱߣΪƷ
ɱ⼸ʮͷ㺣屻㺣ԸɾΪ֡
һҲʧȥ˲ˣǻЩϵϢۿɼ˺ܶ࣬ȻǾͻΪһȺϰˡ°צˣɿˡ

ĴУ뺣֮䣬ҲǻΪԴġ
µһһĳСӺһĳСӳʱˣȻͺԥɱɡ
Ҳûʲôȵ뷨ĲǱ˴ˣȺߺޣֻҪǸԼһõģôͶǿԳԵġʹõģԼرԼҪʳôֻҪ˷֣ҲǿԳԵġ
õȺ٣رǺܶСĺ壬ǿĺǶʳ
С壬ĳںжˣĳС壬Ҫ׳˸ԡҪΪСľΨΨŵŵζҷҲˣĳھȺԶĵطСĳԱСӷ֣Աʵһ֧Сӵ壬ôСڰĦһδزƾԼȺǴ˵˽⣬䵱ĳˣô˵ΪɶԷѪССӵĳԱǿ϶ðŪԷöԷѪԼȻԺʱ϶ԷϢҲûϵֻҪεһӣȶԷѪȫɾٻȥͲκ⡣

ںסߡһȦ˵￴ıͨ˽Ŀ¶ˡеĺܳªǼģôԽԽµġ
㡢ˡװȺǵòǺÿģǽԵʱ͸ӯ}ˡ
Ǳ̬ΪС㡪֣ͯʲôƵͷѩƵƤ촽ġںɱʱҲǳֽʳѪֻǻѡСһЩģʳʳʱؽѪĺˮ֮ڣ̰ޱȡ֮ǿЩͻޣҲһСӵ죬ԵֵȺڳԷۡĵطҧԵʣµǲ֣ͻСӵԱʳ
翴}˵ĳ棬һԼòŮοŮɡ
Ůųβޱ欣òޱޣһֱпͻƲסջ彡׳ɫгڼͷò൱Ӣ°Ϊһɫβô̫һ
翴ǵʱŮββһʲô飬ŮϵЦݸȻϵ΢ЦҲΣյոСǵβͽҲ࿿Ҫӵһ
ò˵һ̣缸ҪΪһԿİ³Ļᡣ
һ룬ŮͻȻһХȴһƫͷԴΧӿ͸ĲˣѼХȫղɢĺˮѸʧͬһʱ̣Ůӵָױǣ׵ֱ·̺ſµֱӳ˵ȥҪͱ˵ĸȻ˺׼ࡢȫɲǲ˼ӲۼףŮӵָײ˴۵Ļ𻨡
Ȼ󣬸µ鷢ˡ
˫һ͹ŮΪսԴ͵صͷһҧ
ǲ
һ㱿һ̵ͻȻúܴµݾôֱҧŮӵԴ
磺
˳Ůӵ裬Ůһ˲ƺûг˲һβȻʮҪ˵β顣˵Ϻܿ췺ɫӫ⣬һȦȦɢϵββ׵ˡ
ţβߴԺʬ壬ԼȺȥ
룬Ԫ§ȥ
һƬ׵ĽʯȺţѺʬԼǰϣǶ⺣ʬһСͻȻԵİ⣬͵̧ͷ档
ǲһʯѨУγһֻβ
ĳģںڵͷҹյɫЦ⣬ӯӯس˹ϸСɵϣҲץʲô
ץһβһԵβ
ԵββҪһ㣬β˵β̲࣬Ϳ֪һˣԺͽβ˶㡣
İԴҲûˣٵƵģβ˺ܿյһ𣬾ôָһʬӣҵ˸ǡ
ǹ˵βܵزһ϶ĺ⡣
ֵһǣڣҲɶʬ塣

ǳ鴤ȥȡ
Ⱥûˣתͷ
ȻȽ˹ͽβ´һСβֿԶԼǾʬǰ
βڵڳ͸˹˹Ҳڳ㸹͸βˡ
ţ͸ʲôƵģѶԷԵˡ
Ժٴ
ȵĹǻקʬ塣

ʱҲûͣԪţһˡ
֮ԻŽβôһĻĴϷʲôã⿴βͺǸʱĳƪµĹ¡
ΪȷǲǣŸȥơ
һƣȻǡ
ƪ¹µȷǸİ£˹ǽβͺǸ˹
ΪжһŮΪһ˵ɱమҲ֪ΪʲôԶԷ飬ǲˣҲ˳еİ飬ԶԷ׽
ΪʱսжԱѿסǶԱ˴˵ɱ⣬ʼʱ˺ܶ˶ԷĹ
Ƿڵİ鲻Ǳ־롣


295 
һ׽һ, һŮоʹ࣬ǲԸ˺ԷȴһҪɱԷԵԷ
ĳһ, 뵽һ취, Ǿǡܡ
ץҪƽ⣬βнʱ򣬾ͲٿƲסضԶԷǿ, ܹƣǳȵİѹסǱܵɱ⡣
ö֮𽥲ʶ, ɴܣȴΪǱ˴֮ѪҲûиı
ԵĶ󡭡
βɱһֻˡ˵Ǵ󲹡˹ɱһֻ㣬ǿԻɵģɵ˶Ǻкô, ֻڲضٻɱѣ, ǵȻҲǺЦɡ
һΪ˸Էõ, Ȼһѡ˺һѡ㡣
ɱķʽ
Ⱥ, ʵǺǿģΪԶһȻ, ڶϱ˴˵ʱ, ֮ͬɱ, ֮ͳụգȻͿ˭ֶθˡ
β˹ﶼǳɫսʿÿһǶɹǵֻаͷǵȻΪǵڶĶõĸ󣬵ڶõľԼԵˡ֪˴˵ռǳǿԼİ¿һƯԷ¡

ǳ˳顣
ΪʲôаͯǾΪȰͯ
Ҫ磬жԵ/మǲ͸ǰļԿԧŷҶ֮һһ㶼һĽ֡
¾Ͳ
ŮѾమ˺ܳһʱˣԺʱҲɻһమһһöԷʵ
еĲпֻᷨҪ㹻ǿʲôУһʼڲǿʱǵȵǿʱǾˣ
λ˫˫Ϊǿߣ£𽥷İҲһֻ۱һֻˡٹһκܾõʱ䣬λ˫˫۷壡
üһһȥŮһȥɹˣ
ǣλƪ¹¾ͽһʱ١
ʲôʱأ
ʷѹûйģŮˡ
ˣ
ʱҲһһƽһʱ䡪Ȼ˽»ɱģֻǴûٶԶԷȺսѡ
Ҳʱ˺ƽˣôһΪҲ඼ŮϲõģȺһɱĸ࣬ȺкܴƫƫȫֿһͬҲֻòβˡ
ǵŮԺĺöٴα˫ȲԷս
ܺãٴ˺ٴγΪ塣
һѹ赲ǹŵģᡢΪеѪ

һ£
һµ˵Ӧô˺Ͼ˺֮ûֳ룬ºǣ嶼ǵĺλȫϮƶֻҪѪ㹻߾ͿԽᣬǼ̳ѪӦôһкܴɹλȻӦÿԻ֮ĹϵŶԡǣܲסѵõһమܰɱ˴˵ް
ֺĵķޡ
Ů˹ʱͻ˺ܶεĺӣҲ˺ܶ˵ѣѳ֪ĺѪƫ˻㡪ѪڵͻѪз񽻷棬һʤŻԺԶųһѪȻΪʵ˵İܸ־ãѡԵ˴󲹵ѡѪɽβԵѪ˹Ե
޵ʵ֮ô죬ǹƵĽӴһСľкܴϵÿ˹ѵʱ򣬽βͻϢԼӸŬȥԣȻõȫ˹ﲹӪָԪ
Ҳÿ˹ѵʱ䣬ĸ׺ʱ򣬽β޷ӽһֻңңˮǵѵֱԵǻƲסԼİ⣬ƵؽܣʵԽԽºһֱһֱԣһֱһֱʵ
磺

߶λ֮˰Ѻס彻֮أߴĴǵй
Է޻ҲٹȺ£߶ѡԼȽֵܵܽðæֵǹһסһ𡭡˲ٺӣЩҲǱǸԵˡ
ǵ󣬼̳Ѫĺûеģ嶼Ѫս/ӱΪߴԺ󣬸ԷȺ˵Ǻ޹ϵѪԵϵҲ飬Ȼ޹ϵˣǾ͸̸ʲôˡ
֮ǰλʱǻܴģսѾܾûк޹˼ɵسԹԷ///ϸѪˣ
һʱ䣬忴ԷβʱӶ̵ġ
ǡģǲġ
ҪƣҲѹûԼ˫ԼͬصԷǿƵĹ⺷ɱ֮ıһͿ壬ͷ·֮ǰôġƽͬˮ£׾ͱˡ
Ϊ̫Էӣ˳ＸĴɱʱһֱѹƵĺһ͵չ𽥰֮ǰ̵Щֲ
ɱҲԹˣֱ嶦
һֵֹġʷҲôʧ֮С

һһ˱飬Ԫһֱ֣һ⣬ɿں״
ͬʱԪһֱı飬էƽʵźܶ΢仯ܶϸ΢Ԫߡ
ֱ˺óһκŷ֣Ԫܾû˵ˣɵóߵ˿ȥ
һ͸ԪרעĿϡ
գգۣԪʲô
ԪЦ⣺㡣
磺
ͷһ˵ɻɻ㿴ǰǸɽȣ泤ŵǲһĽ׵ĺҩҿЩǿߵġ
Ԫû˵
еС
֮Ԫս§Ĵһڡ
̣̲סЦˡ

ʱʱᱻ﷢һЩ۾⣬ںСĹ̻Ǻ˳Ҳͦģۡϣԭܿյи߽ƷӣԽԽá
޾ԨһͯһӦúԪһȥ硭
綼ǲͬģǸӦÿԸһ㡭ţһ㡣

뿪ͯԪ磬ܿ촩Խϣһ硣
ֱӳһƬĸŸվȣᵽĵķ㣬˿˿Ƶشݹһ˲ƢҲá
̧ͷһһ׶Զĵطһïʢ򣬴̵֦ɣ̵Ҷӣ׺ѩ׵򻨡
֮ǰᵽķ㣬Щɢġ
ǰһƬǻЩʢţչʾǵľ֮
Ҳʱһɤ𣺡¶𣿡


296 ÿ͵Ĺ
תͷȥ
˵һλֻаôŮ, Աߵһػ֦˳صʱŮѸٱ, ؾ͸һ, ֻ̬СͦɰӡٿòƤܰף֫ϸϵС, üۼŵȴֻϲЦݡ
֪һλ򻨻飬ʵڶ, ֮ǰǴƬλԼ֡ġ

ڻֵĻ֣ǻַΪ࣬һ滨֣һͨʻ֡滨ǿ, ͨʻǻʳˡ
Ȼ˵ͨʻ, Ҳֻ˵ʻ޷, ǾͶֻƷ׵ʻͬ׵߽׵, ҲġԴ
ͨĻɽҰǣЩҰ, кܶ඼ɻ
ÿһλڳԺ, ӵһƬԼĻЩʲر, Ǿͻᱻҵ峤һƬǣеĻʾѣԴһƬԼİǵֻҪһ룬ͻһСݿռ䣬ࡢƷ׸ߵĻЩѾԼСˣֻҪҪҲǿԸһƬġܹⷽƽ˵ΪʺлͲǷ䡣
ͨ˵һλĻֳƷ׵ʻҲǱԼƷ׸һ׶ѣԽƷ׸ߣԽѡͱһλ׵Ļ飬Ҫ׵Ļ֣ȫʩΪ£߰ʮ꣬ҪĽ׵Ļô꣬¾ͻֲ֧ס
⣬ڻԣԼͬĻ׵ģиԼͬĻ־򵥣ǿԽƷ׻ɹģҲǸԼһĻ֡

ĺܺƽ磬ΪÿڳﶼǻﻥģʱԴҲûме󡪡ԼмǿֲֻҪһЩʱֳһƬͿԴԴϵشԴ¶ۡҶЩֲȫǱֻҪƼʹãͿûǳΪǿԽǸĻ齻ǸԼãǾѵĺö
Ļ飬Ը㡣
ҲżĵˣܸǴķա
ɻһŽǿƣʹеˣҲԶԶǵ

Ļȫһ׵֣һλ׵ĻԣôһƬҲͦ׵ġһ׵ĶûУſжλӦԼСģǸСŻкܶ׵ĻĽ׾ͿԼ뷨ˡ
뵽糯ЦЦȴڸԪٴ
[Ԫݻɣ]
[еġ]
[ʲô]
[װ꣬꣬Ľһꡣ]
Ȼ⻨İţͦġ
ͬʱҲЦſ˵˵¶ǻ¶Ũһ࣬ҺͰԪ·ôЩŲˡ̫ò֡
鱾Ļ˯ԼĻ︽İϢѹһ༫õӣоͦ˳ۣѯʡ
һͿûʲô⣬ҲǺܸ˵ģЦ˵ûϵ²ɼĻ¶ȵĻѽ
ЦЦ˵ǾͶлˡ
û̫ˣ΢һ
ɺºͣõġ

ҲΪûʲôգԻҲܺÿͣ·ԼĻֶԷ˳۶ҶԷͦϲԼֵĻͻԷȻԷ̫ԴһЩ¶ۻ֮ģǻǻԸóд˵ġ
ڣ鿴硢Ԫͦ˳ۣΪǺ¶ȻȻԳԺȺһ˵

翴ֿٱСɽ˺󷽵ǴУţĻ𽥱ѸγһСӵģ
Сӿܾ£ѩ׵ģź֦ܶ˱ǣǰ򿪵žͺǾĻ꣬˽ڡ
Сʵ滨
ÿһ滨һ󣬾ͿԱƳǵСӣ滨ʵǻı壬ͬʱҲǻĸ壬ǻİǻҪļ԰
վſڣЦų硢Ԫ֡
Ԫһ˽ȥ

滨ռ仹ͦġ
ͦСɣڲǱж죬ĴСǻŻƷ׵ģھж󣬾Ҫǵ츳ôǷԸֳȵȡ
ǰиһٶʮƽ׵ӣ㹻һλסˣҲΪܶ෿䣬ͬķӦҲвͬô
ԪﰲһڿĵطŵǹĻ꣬зǳỬȥĸо;Ȼеɳ
˵ǰ棬һƬɻ֦ҶҶܴҲƽѾڷźüѩ׵ķۺĵɫСģҶӾСӣ浹˻¶ǻС룬ʢŻۡ
һۿȥֻܰи̾¡
Щӣľͺܾ¡
ţ˵Ķ棬Цǳԡ
ҲûԪһһõĻ¶һ߸

λһ֧ͨԺǰ꣬ĹرһԻˣҲǻ򡢻ޡĻСͣԼҲŮ̬žͿԶ
ǵģǷͿǵ̬ŮǾǳˣûɣôͻҪĸĽ̵ӻ֮¡ÿһֵֻĳʱֲһǰĻһңɼʹͬΪ򻨣ƷҲ߸̡Ļ̵֣һУʮʮҲУϰĶС
ȻλʱôϿңҲô統ȻҲҪ˵ǣһԼܲھ˵ԼǸ߲ǣ
ͱʾԼԪ޻֣ͬģھֵ־Ͳ˵ˣΪͲܿ׻еԱ
˵Ϊͬ壬ʱ仹࣬СһټҰģû˰æΪġҺóʱ磬Ǹڳ겻þͽΪһˡ
æ˺Щ꣬ȻûԼĻҲûаĻҺʵҰҵҰû滨µĻ飬ǾͽЩɼԴԼʵ
ʵˣ˾ҸطȵﲻȷѡһһѰҡĹУΪֲ޻źÿһط취ƷǸطĻ¶ͻۣһЩлĻ飬

Ĺ£¶һĨͬ飬ܿЦݡ
֪ģϣҲһЩͲ壬ЩĻڵһƬҶӳʱģûľͨ


297 
Ļͬ, ȺҲãģͻܼ, ҪԼƴ, ҪӺҰ޵ĹǰԻ飬ʵͣһ˺ܶͷ
뵽ͬˣҲ, ǵĻ¶ˣָǵһһεľòײɼġ׵Ļ¶
, ˾Ե, Ǹ߼Ļ¶Ӧе

ȻǸ, Դ֮ô硢ôߣҲǺܷḻˡʱ, һ۾Ϳ⻨ӵ뷨, ӡ
ô˵أеСΡ
֪, 鲻˵ȫΪĹϵľ󲿷˵, ܶ, Һܶ඼, ڸָ飨رǰ飩Ϲľ, ԪǡҡҰΪͬΪ£ͺȡŶԷҲ޶ȵ˼Ҳ
ǰɣ绹ǵ͹򻨹ĺĳ̶ȡ
˼Ҳɣó˼ԼҲкܴôĻ¶дԵƭС¶еˡ
Ҳûܾĺģ¶һڡ
ʱ䣬۷ҷζ鲼УζŨζζһһºִ˳ĺɢ֫ٺ˵ǡá
Ͼ֮ǻ
ûùûã⻨¶Ʒȴ׵жϳƷϡ
[Ԫе㸺С]
Ԫ֣һֱųĬԵĺö
ʱôشˡ
[һԴ]
ֺһڻ¶
[УǺϼһˣҲһ㣬ζͦõģ𹼸˼СһƬ⡣]
ԪҲ¶һڡ
[á]

ȻһֱԪʲô˻дûа˼ҷһߵĵȻҲº͵ظԷ졣ĵݣǵȻˡԪף࣬Ҳ˵ѣǰĻһЩͽƵĽ
۾оһԷкø
˸ѶСʱЦ˵лĪĪѾϢˣȸǣҲȥҸϢĵط
ǵģλСĪĪǳԼȡġǵʵԼȡģҲһͬĳȡ˵Ǻ⣬ûʲôϡ
ôҪôأСĪĪĻˣ
Ҳ׷ֱģ
ĪĪﲻͬ壬һĵ壬ôһʱ򣬱˳ƺǵʱǡĵĪĪ͡ĪĪĻ飬ǿΪƷֽСĪĪ͡ĪĪ滨ɫܶܶ࣬ͨɫСĪĪ͡ĪĪҪͬĪĪкüôĪĪڵĻ϶иϵĲǾͿԽСĪĪ͡ĪĪ

ĪĪȻ飬ʱûˣʲôŮб𣬶滨˽ܵסԼκ鶼б𡪡ĽǲŮۣġԣָ˴ӵһ׵ģظǸ
ǰԪӹһСӽ˵ʱõһЩֵ֣ͨʲôҲ֪ɲԳ󿪻͸ĪĪٱСɡĪĪﲻҪ
ĪĪ󷽷£򿪺һ߸˵˵Һϲллǣ
СǸոԪġ׻֣˵Ȼڲܳ滨֣ͨƷ׶ǺܸߵģҲʺ϶׵ĻĪĪֲЩִ඼вͬҩЧģûͬ࣬һɹͿԸĪĪܶ롣
ĪĪȻʶʲôӣȻǻ飬ֲͺ׺֪ͣǶǺܺõӡڸԼõĶдʱûҪʲôرɵõС;Լˡ
糯ĪĪЦЦڰ֣߳Сӡ
ĪĪһֱ˺һ·쿴ԼˣڻȥȻȲذСӻָ滨ԭͣԼСץŶ˵úܴĺӣϺϡطɽԼСȥˡ
ҪЩӣȫֳ
Դ뿪ѣҲڴԺлܸٴ

Ԫ뿪󣬼ǰߡ
û϶ãǾٴһƬһεĻСһЩҲ֪ڲڼһЩӣһС뿪ˡ
˵ԼķΧҲĹһ·ϣĻ̫ˣƷҲͬҲֵͬʻкܶ಻ͬʻһټǺÿ͵Ļ飬ľõдʱ·ʮƬǻģккЩһϻȻ¶۳ԵӵʲôģһнһǼдʱóĶԳԺȺȣҲһ㡣
Ƕĸ飬ֻҪд˶һСһⶼǻ֣ƷҲԷĲ࣬ظľˡ
ĸֱߵһĳǳǰʱ˲飬ЩˣõķҲ̫࣬ɴϣܿǵǶˡ
пԪе㵣ˡ
Ԫִļϣ˹ԻǵӰ죿
ͷҿЩʲôţеĿ˰ɡȻںԼЩëķ򣬿ɷ򲻼öк˼
Ԫ룺Ҫ
棺ô˵
Ԫ˵Ͷ񡣡
粻һ㶡
ٻһ»ıô¡
ôһ룬⵹ҲǺܴĻ˵˾˵ˣǾ͵£Ҫ˭ж⣬ҲԼһ׷
ˣҡͷ뷨ſеĿǽ磬ҲǻģӦǺӰkĻǣɵkҲҪȻֱӲеĹͨˡkȻˣôҲӦġ

ĳǳظĳǳܴ󣬳ŷ·һƬ͵ҶӣӸ߿ոǳضǳɴصҶӡ
ǳغҲкܶཨÿһһ仨̺ģۿȥǿ֣һǳؾһ԰ƵġϸЩĸҲҶƬȻһӽͻ֣ᷢЩҶƬʵһ̯λлСͬ͵Ļ洩󣬳һЩֲصӻ
ɣҲ֪˵ħûͯˡ
߽һ䡰ǻʹһƬγһŻգգۣԪ߽ȥȻͷ֡ķһЩʱڲͬط׺һЩҶ֮⣬һȻϢȴûгʲôһһ仨ĢĢк
Ǹˮ꣬ǰڲͬϷ˲ͬˮұһ򿪵ŻһƬ԰ӣ⳯ǿͿ뼸ʮֲͬĹǹʵ۵ġŻǰŵƤдšժxxˮǮһԼ֮Ļ


298 Ÿ
Ԫ߹Щ, ÿϵˮڷŵ룬ʣϸȥ, ѾϴøɸɾģθڡˮǵϢҲвͬһ׶ײͬƷ׵ķһͬ, Щˮɫ죬ӳźÿķһ𡪡һһס̫ÿĲŻ, ΧҲŪһЩ֦֦߽, ܹ鲻ÿҲȤ
һֺ, Ͼ, ͻȻ䣬ӻԹŵС¨ðƯСԴؿգۡ
, Դ϶ŶȻ, ѵȻĻ飿
΢΢ʲô𣿡
⻨黹Ȼ飬Цеض˵ϲʲôѽҲ𣿡
ԭǿתתȥ, ΪʲôҲ
ˣҡҡͷЦ˵ҾͿ
ȻգգۣϸСָԱߵĹ԰ָָ, ˸飺ĸÿȥġ
ЦУԭ, Ǿлл, Ҵȥ
ȻҲ˸Ц, ڰ, С¨ˡ
ţɰúܣҲ˻֡
ԪԱߣһһܵķߡ
һȦԪȥ˹԰
԰˱ǣ⣬һЩĻһһժӣϹŸúܣÿ϶ſĵЦݣǡ
üҲһù¡
ϽĹӶǶ׵ģӵ̬еӣɢζݮһ˵㡣
Ԫժһţ͵ߡ
ֻֽӹЦҡͷڿɲܳԡ˵䣬Աߵŵһ֮ǰôġ
Ȼקº󣬾ʹϷһӣֽסҲϡ
Ԫùš
ЦЦԪժǿŹӷŽ
Ԫժ˼ֹӡ
߰˿ź簴ס֣ԪҲͲټ
Ȼ԰һȦеĹһ飬ܹժֵĹӣٲ߳԰ţǰȥˡ
Ȥǣ˵ĵطʮƺǲӹȥˣһʱͷɳһСĻ飬غɴЦŸˡ

ˮԪ˺һܽȥĵطȥ˸飬ӡȽһطһλˮ龭ӪĲ
ǲ濴ȥһܴˮȽȥԺͻᷢԼһƬǰз·޾ҶмһЩȻķ϶Ȼĵ·
硢ԪʱվһƬܴı̺ҶϡܿǾͿֱȡúҶмĺҶ¶ˮֿԴݶҶǰʻһСһھĳһˮʱǾͻᷢǱպϵģͣߵһߵǻ꣬ͻԶſ¶߾Сɡڵʳ
ߵһˮʱͿһСɲ֪ʲôƳɵĴСˣܸȤ͸ɴض˳Ԫһˡ
С˵ζȷܺãڳԹԺܸоһȵʣͬʱǲеһĨҲ֮ڣзǳϸ΢ġ˵ĺô
ţԪߵ˼ˮ
еźüĿθСˣеһСеĵġͨи߰˿飬ÿһ鶼С־£ǳеˮɴһЩˮҲ۾ƣܱȲľ෢Ҳһصĺζ
˾ôһͻһسʳ
˵ϵʳǸʻйء

⻨ǳﻹʲôͻֵĻͼ໨֭ȾɵĲƥɴõĻջ
֮ҲúܿĵģΪǺڿһ˺ǸƼ֮ŻеȤĶ֡εԪֶһƵĸо
ܿľˡ
ȿĹĸ߿˿ߺͿĹȻԪ֣Щעᱻ˷ѵĻԴ£ȫս
ʱڻĻˡ
ȻȥĿˡ
Ԫ
Ԫۣ˵Ŀˣ
һ㶣
ԪͷڲҸϢʱ֪İȫϵĿǰ֪Ĵǧߵġ
üȻ󣿡
Ԫ˵ĿˣʵƷԽϵ͡
ϵͳ壬Ҳ֪˵⻨ˣ׶Щʲôˡ

ˣʵҲͨӰ﷢յˡҲΪԣǴǱȽϿģÿһʮˣҲÿ˶ֻҪҶѣԼ۱ȿ˵ĺܸߡ
һĿмס
ͦһ0ԭʼĿ˰ף˵ǸܣȴѾһ0ִУ԰aboСΪ൱õѣеʱʱ򣬾ͻᾭۻᡣ뵽ȥϼƺϼԺǾǽȥˡ
Ԫعκ裬˵ʵôﲻܸߣκΪдԴĹעǰ£ʵڲǰպͻƵף΢˵ԱĵڸԪع׼һ𵽻翴˳㻹ռһЩƷ׵ʻΪԺҪõԴ
֮⣬ٳ๫ɢĵ˼Ҳҵٳ๫кôº͵ĵرҪڱȽϸԽϸֵ磬ǲȥģƷױȽϵ͵磬¶ûҪĶУҩЧҲܲסġǸ⣬ֺܺƽǱһЩϣ
⼸һˣͲôʶӦǺ¿ˣʵ׵֮䡣
ٿڶпˣҲϤģ½գ²⣬Ҳյռӣ½Դ˶ãرӦûġ
ڶˣҲûϸġ
еĿԽԽ࣬統Ȼÿ˶ôϸϸȥ˽⣬в̤ԪһֵᷢġǺܶıǣ˼ֱҹĵƹһҫۣҲΪԪԼ͸˵ſΪЩпϢ䶯ԤѸȥ̽
ԣɨһ۵ڶ˵Ҳûϸ˽˼
Ԫ˵˿

˿̣ԪһջС
µĻǱ֮ǰЩҪܶ࣬ϸƷջʦպ󣬾һܰķ§ſ֯ɵĺʵĻϡ
ʵ˵Ửǳ
綼޲ûȥǰҲôһŴͷŽǵ˽լ
Ԫָǰһ¡
ǣˮ֣淺

ˮģǲһ½ա
һԭʮҵġͬŰŮ϶ûʲôҲΪиıˣҲΪʵǿܶࡪͱѾһף½ѾסҲΪ籾ǸǷյĵط


299 
ظԪľ, ½ͬڳƬĻԱߣˮʱ, ǡǱһλзɳĻ룬·ǺҶӾɵĴ󱭻¶
ǵģдˣϲõľǻ¶
Ƕʲôˣ¶дǵĻˡ
ΪûвϱƭЩľ, ҲǸеСԵĿɰÿ飬ӹ¶ܸ˵ؾͺһ, Ȼס, Цرõ˵ѽԵ֣񡭡
СһֹߴߴȻô˺ѡ
½һ¶ݵؿո׽
鵹һ, ګګ˵Ҳ񡭡
ĻҲϲ, Ҳûʲô, ҲѸٵشһƬ

ˮ⣬̲סЦ

Ҳ, ھ͹пˣʱҲյõв, һЩȽϱҵľЩд, ܹô, ȻҲοر½, ϵԽԽ׽ˣ˵ٹһʱ䣬֮ĹϵҲһ
ͦõģҸˣëӦҲߡ
ţˮٴηɢ󣬳ֵµĻ棬µ

ٳﱻӰڻСغǻţһһƬĵС
ĵɫܶ࣬һƬһƬҡҷˣӰϸѡһ׵ġʢŵİĵ
ɫ£Աߵĵͻ˫סǶĵһжϡɻжϣ˻
ӰʱסǶ䱻İĵٳﱧŵġĻ¨С
˿̣ǻ¨Ѿ֧߰ˡ
һ¨װٳʮ֧Сĵ˵ЩʲôȡһСƿӣݸĵ顣
ԣס
ĵ߸˽ӹСƿӣȻǿʼظѡժ£ĵĹ̡
ÿһλ¨ˣͻύһΡ
СƿӣӦһҩ
Ԫ˵ٽֲӪҩ
磺һ׵ģ
Ԫͷһ׵ġ
Ȼˡ
⽻ֻҪ˫óԿǾͦõġ

ˮһ仯ֵԪعκ衣
˲ڻһǳУǳظȥһҲǻ԰Ƶ̬ڲĽṹҲࡣ
˸С̯ӣռֲֳҲôһûģȻҲѡջĻңɻóԸĶܿϵģͽн
㣬óĶԪعĽԪعǵ׬ͷСҲͦ⡣
ӡ
ȵȣͻȻκһԵĴóüipad
Ҳ̫ˣ羣ϵİɣ
ʱףԪعЩȻٴûƼĻǽԴ
УҲͦõġ

Ȼˮﲥŵľǰ׺Сˡ
ͲˣȻҰš

ҰҲǺģһЩƷ׵Ұޡӡ滨ΣڻûʱѾҰĻǲġ
Ϊ٣ְúƽ˴ΣıȣǵͻƲǺܿ졣вٻΪŵһʱ󣬻ûüͻƷ׾ʱǵĻﻹڣСݿռȴһȵĻ㣬ɢ䵽֮ȥҰĻһʵҲһ㣬ֻ̫˶ѡ
ҲΪԵʣܻǼռ磬ÿ鶼ܷ䵽أȴôƬҰ⻷
ǳƵʲߣҲǳԺĻҲչ߱͸ǰָͬ/̳ͬС

ʱİһˮôҰ׶ߣﻹһĻ·һŨĻۡ
СС㿴Ҹɵʲô죬һڣ
Ұǰ׿ĵطСͷţüëһеСĵģǵȰƽغüëɿˣ׵ĻԺϻ˲õЦݡҲû˵Цſ죺
Ĭɣʱ͸պðѻС
С˱һ£ۣڵ㣬ӺﻬȥԼڿѧŹתøˣʵ˲
̾Ϳ佱һ䣺óԣ
׹Ц˵һշôڿնѸٵط˸һͬľҰקһԼº󣬾ôſҰϣСĴָóԣ
СʱЦۡ
׳˳ͷɴȥҰϱQժȥˡ
ɣҰͦġ
ãСͻȻڶͣͳһźƵġĴָͷôӣȻڸһô׳ĴӰڴϡ
ֻһӣͷѿˣѸٵس˳һӾͰѴסС˳֣˼
ȴûֹͣۿɼٶȲϵسϷԮһֱ˴Ҳ÷ǳ׳ȳ˵ĴȻ֡
ȵѺü׳辶ϡһŲӣǳϷϵؽ֯γһݡ
ݵǰ棬һܺʵӣһͺȥӡ
СۿţҲǵһοˣÿһζر𺳡ʱһӺϯʵһ㵫еһ飬ø첲ļϣǿźԴҲԴԱߡ
ѽСݷųˣ˽ס𣿡ʵüˡ
СϰܣҲûתͷôŰһ·ߡ
ǰʱ򣬰͵رסС˸߲ҵء⡱ôֱȥˡ
С꣬Դкͷһ㣬ǵĵ֮ĵĳ֮ģҲͦϲġ

Ǹϴ˸ת
ǳԾֵ֮ģǾ׽ȻԵʣбȽϴĺóֲƷ֣ݾĳоģŪһźǿħӣھи󣬿κһֻҪʹҵдĵطӽӽһԼӾͻôһݡ
ƷȫǡݡǾ￪о˷ġΪҲһЩԣķҲֻܱ֤ս׵ĳ̶ȣݵĳۼۣҲ͸ʽƷ࣬2000-2500֮䡣

СȻΪϲرҪһܸȤζҲ
ȻҪסģݲҲܱˣһ㹻ˡ
ҲϲݣŵԺǮˣҲһǸСסžͺãȡһŪԴɡ

°͡
˵ʵʵҲ⾫ͦȤġ


300 ȥǳ
Ԫǰ̯, þͷһŷǳġĴָͷôӡ
ɣǾݵˡ
̲סЦˣסջʱ䵽Ժ, ȥҰסһסݡ
Ԫ˵á
ȥ˸һҰ, ʵҲǽĵطһרȥסݵ, һ𰲾Ұķ羰, غԺ, Ҳ㡣
ٺ, 뿪˻硪ڻѾ˺ЩˣҲʱ뿪ˡ

뿪, Ԫͣǳ磬Ҳǡǳ֮硣
͵ȽʣȻȻôƽ⣬ϸ˵ҲǱֵ磬еĲܴϵǳҲԵøһЩ
͸Ԫȥˡ
ǴڿտԭҰϣҲʲô¥, Ƿ磬Ԫ§磬һ, ǳ֮, ǹӴǳɢŨصǹ⡭˳ҲЩǳϵĸߴ
ǵ, ǳн, Щ

, ÿһǳǻʿıǳһǻʿгΪǳǱͻõǳĳϣǳϽһǵס
ȻλǻʿǳϳõˣȡٶҲϺܶࡣһǻʿûܽôӵеǵͻ𽥱ȫǻʿҲò뿪ǳûٴιĻᣬϣҲԳΪһλǻʿʵҲףǵٱǿһֱ˳Ϊ
ֻһλǻʿûгΪ֮ǰֻһǳϣԼǵС˳ΪʸǳϾסԴ塪ֱԪսᡣĺû˳ΪԼǳҲõųϵǻʿԽǵ⣬ĶصԭĴ½֮ϡ

ڸһǳǵȺϿܿǵϥȫǹסǻʿǣÿһ϶ɢǳһģһϢֿǳΧһƬĸǴкܶǳƬܸǻʿͨСķǡһЩ̵ɰȡ
ǴҲΧǳӰ죬ŰҩģԾһСֵޣǵڲӵп԰ǻʿǺˣʯпܰŸֿġ
˵Դܷḻ
翴ͬȾһǹ⡢ΪƵĸǴԪ˲١Ƭȸĵˣ͵ˣǲſʼĹ

һӦעᱻ˷ѵԴȫ£ȥ
ȹϹأ鿴һпˡ
ô˵أֲ⡣
ס4ǳҶǣԼԭӦá족ͻƵġοֵõſ󼽡

󼽵õĽʽΪеĿˣصԭ󣬾·ϻһЩޣսҲûȫȴƾԼ򵽵ĶԴѸٵɱսصľ۾ӵ
ʱΪһʼûʱȥͱ˿ڣҺúǸˡ
սԼƴɱ޻۵Ĺѫھ۾ӵһ˺ܶԴȻ˼٣һѧΪѧĴʦ֣ѧҲԼĹϵ滹вٲҵһ׼˳ػ۵˴Դȫ۸Уķҡ
󼽵Ķͦģò˶ΪʲôҪôڣѾǸսɱսʿˣҲȥѰס
ֻиϵõˣȥһʡ
ˣȻҶǡ
ҶǱŹĵȥģʱôյ˲ٷҡ˵ģֻ˵ʱõġԴġѧ⴫ġսϿԷĵĹν൱࣬滹дֵƵĽ׹似ȣôóۣʮɡ
ҶԼ󼽱ں˾ֻȻ˳־һź쿨͸Ҷǣֱӽܡ
ҶҲ󼽣ܣͽˣ˳ΪеĿˣ˾Ȼ֮⻹磬ʱĳȡ
ʦֵһ󼤶һ¾Ҫһſʦ
˵ĶʦֹĸҲֹʵǿˣ֮ûгΪΪϲ²ָҲǹϵܺõʦֵܣǱԸʦ󼽺ҶǾλΨ״ӣϵ˵Ǹһܡ
󼽺ԥؾ͸ҶſΪвҶǣҶҲһôõĻԵŶʦΪԼſ󼽳ǮҶȻû󼽿ҲܿѡԼͷĺܶ๦ͲõԴͬ˴ķңҾʦź쿨ԼǮ
Ҷǵ뷨ȻЦŴӦˡ
Ⱥ쿨ֺ󼽺Ҷһȥݼ˸
ͽôͻȻе㵣ģȻȴǷͷ£Ӽǡ
λ۾ͱˡ
ٽҲΪеһλˡ

һΪпˣʦͽûٷչµĿˣȾۼԴȡңﾭӪ
ΪǮܶ࣬˻ȡ˲ٺԴӳ֣ЧʸߣʵٶҲ졣
ΪһˣɴԭԼҪڱչأԼסˡȻ͸ɴסʼûûҹǳĳֵȻҲһЩע⣬ûѡͽһȥʵ˵
ҲΪֻǳ￴󼽺Ҷǡ
ȻҲϵĽԸǷƱǮǰĽܾˡǲԸ˵ĺӣϵĴֶӣ׽㣬ֻǲʣҲ뻹顢շ˼ȴöԷҪ飬ǾͲ绹Ǳˡ
Ǹ˵ӣȻĽԸ⣬Ҳ׶Է뷨ҲͲ룬ֻǸҶһ£ǳҺʵԴʱͰĽһЩĽƺҪԭ齨ʲôΪǰεѧʦ֣ȻҲںܶطз㡪ǰǰǾͷֱԼԸǿΪ

󼽺Ҷ⣬˸һƱ࣬ҲԺҲǷֿж
ҶΪһǧǣ˲ΪҲһ鷳࣬ǲ֪䣬ҲһЩͦټԴСĵزɼˡ
ͬʱΪȷʵʺǣżļСսǵʵҲͻơ
˼ǣҲܹͨıǳԭǿżǡ˫̥ǿǳڷġǻʿԼԼأҲݸǺ
ЩҶǡ󼽺Ǳǳ֮Ĺˡ

µؿһԪо¼ĵطӰ
֮Ҳ硣


301 ̫Ǽ
ʱ, ѾѼԤҪȥĴǧͶȥ˸飬Ϊôʱ䣬һЩԪɸѡġȽ/ķ羰Ҳ, Ǹ涼õһġ
ȻԪ, һص˵˽լ
µɳʵů, ǰĴˮҲɿԡ̨, ƾ, һһЩûȥǧֱȽϤĿǵȥ򡪡ҲôϤǱԪѡֵӰһЩ档
ȿǸںеλ̫Ǽϡ
λԼҪһǧ棬ƱĴǾôǧҲΪ̫Ǽ̫æһֱûܳСʱȥ, ѡ磬ҲǴǧ硣
˼λȥ羹Ȼǡħʿ, һ5ħ磬Ҳλ鹫ڵ硣λĿǰʵѾﵽףͻͽٶȣʹеڶ, Ҳǰéġ
ϸҲ֣һ˵ûзɹ, ˵ԴͷҶǳ, ں, Ǿмӳɡһһ, һһڶЧǿ, һ׵ױҲûرԴﵽǾôˮˡ
죬ҧסԪ֪ʲôʱòιһСˮζؿˮĳ

ˣħۣڳĽֵϡ
ֵܿߵĽһǿҵġ˵͸оģǽϱ鲼Ӻ̵ܶ泯濴ȥкܶħƷһЩſž޴ħͷ­ԵЩҰ
͵ĽŸǿħЩۼΪΰģһЩūͽǶÿ춼дŮŮѡûʮͱضоƹݣ۾ӵĲֻ࣬Ŵ󽣵Ӷսʿְİˡһͷİ˵ȣҲۼһЩרֵĵطйħʦ룬ԵúȱĵطɾһЩ
֮һЩءħʦЭᡢҩʦЭᡢӶЭᡢսʿЭᡭֻضְҵ˲ܽȥ
ˣȻ̫Ǽϡ
ʵǰ㣬Ӧսʿģκǵϵ˲һҲֻѡħʦǿģŪһ¡
ѡҲһ޺ģǱ粻ȥǿǵԼʵԼԣһԭͬȥҲСʶЧ
Ϊʲôѡħ磿
ȻǴ²Ϻ󣬷Ӹķǵģֵؾ͹һ˵ġһԭʶһλ硪ҲλִƵİ칫
λסĵطǾ֮ɭҲǿҸʱȥݷһ¡ǶĵطҲȤ̫Ǽ֮ǰΪں˲ʵǿȼߵĿע⣬緽ʽСȺйһ̸˵˻ӭȥԪ͡磬ſ칫磬ӦǿԽ뾫֮ɭȥһЩǺʹ˵еľĸġ
Ժ󣬿Ũ޷յȷʵ˼ĽֵϣҲȷʵǸܵ˺ܶħá
ڣһ߹֣һ˽Դͣ׼ҳһЩõĻ׻ȡģشȥ٣ѹߵķ׬

翴һһ̽磬ûҲʧȥȤ
ûʲôȵȣ
Ȼֱ壬ˮҲȻרע
Ǹ̫Ǽֻжʮ׵ĵطģǸ
˵ʲôأںλͬʱһӾ͸ħʿˣ

һӶƹ棬һߴǿ׳İӶɳȻӶüԲӶ׷ױͬɳˤһһţӷǳǱ
⻹û꣬кüǿŷɳǾƹݵҲ÷飬ǿ׳ڼҽֻ֣һ·磬һ߸Էսһ߲ϵغˡ
ܿ죬ǸܳƹݵϹ˲ʣĶԽңɫ죬һŲ϶Ƿŭ벻ʣû취治ǶԷĶ֡Ǽֹ󣬺ҲʹüΣòˡ
˵Ķ֡Ӣû׷ȥЦջתͷϴЦݣƿľƹݴ˵ˣѾҴˣûˡ
ʱע⵽ǾƹȻ̽һСԴͷһ˫èزɫ۾Ĺ⣬˫۾תʱԭɬСϣֶȻһ˿ġ
ԣǸˣһλŲʮèŮ
èŮֵһѵæҵߣϵ˿ˣȻϴЦݣӯӢ˵ߣС˵Ф磬û£㻹𣿡
Ф¶һЦݣСԴû£ʲôŵ˰ɣԺ¾͸˵һ㡣
èŮСϾ¶ɬЦСС˵ţллФ硣
Ф§èŮļ򣬻߽Ӷƹݡ
յſڣȻתͷŲԶħ۵˿

֮ǰһĻȻȫ̫ǼϿġˣǲܹľģȻҲͲ֪֮ǰǡӢ۾ȫ龰ʵФĺ֪֮һһλèŮͬݡ
ܻǺ֮е㡭е㡭ʲô΢ϵ˻ڡȡһŹֵĸо
ȻŹֵǣλӢ۱ֱӽƹݣȴͶһЩע

ФҲ֪ԼΪʲôעλħʦڷЩ۸ȵӶսʱûٿǲʲôµġҲܶ࣬ƫƫע⵽ǣ֪ôеĸо
ֻһ˲䣬Фͳ֣ЦݺѣλѣҪһһ𣿡
ʲôоģȻע⵽ˣҪǽѰɡôкˡ
Ǳߵ̫Ǽϣ˲ʱһۡ
˵ʵڵģ˶ФоȻŹ֣ȴûʲôύĸоǼȻԷкȫᣬȻҲǲ׵ġ
ǣɱȽóʵ̫Ǽȿڣúʺ罻ЦݺԷҲ˸кһ߹ȥº͵˵ȻǺ⡣
ţФԭصȴǹһ߽ƹ

ˮ⣬ͻȻע⵽ĹһƹݣҪǺȾơ
ʵ˵ͻȻ̫ǼϺ⣬Ҳú⡣
ڵ龰ǣλλŮͬһϣĺ֮һȥҨ˾ơ׼һӲ˹ڵдá
ӣദûͦģ
ӦҪǽʴ̫ǼĹ͡
գգۡ
ô˵أͦꡣ
ԴԺǡʲôĻ涼ܿ


302 е
ֻ㿴̨͡, ʱȤ
֪硢ֲͬԵĴڼ֮󣬻ᷢʲô

ˮ, Фһˬʵظħ۵˺Ⱦ죬һҲڲźۼشǡ۲ǡ
֮ǰʱ, ФֻǾУǾԷѣʵԷʲôӶûġϾŶñ, һ󲿷ֶס, ֻǿӶԷ¶°ϿԿ, Ӧġ
ڣȻһϺȾƣҲͶûʲôڣԷҲ¶
, ǺᣬҲͶʮӣŲࡣĲǶԷ, ǶԷòЩأڷۣ˫ڵɫǳ⣬Ǵ󲿷˫ڵǳǳĺɫɫһ൱صĸо
ͬʱòФҲо, ˵ʵǿ󣬾Ϣûйر¶, Ӧġ
Ȼ, ˵ʵԼҪǿһЩ
һ㲻, ̫Ǽ϶ѾǿߣФǰڽ׶ΣĿǰʵȼڶҡ
Фһ̣ое졣
ţѵ˵ʲô𣿿ǿʣһǺǹ壬һеơȻԸԺܲͬ
ò˵ФΪһ5ȻƥܺŮɫҲʲôȻһ·ʵͻƺϰ˳˳ˮԸʱԵĻЩԸϺܶˣɱģйҲףҲܡ⡱زЩ˶áҪȻôʵ·ܶˣҵõŮΪأ
ǣǰˣǿһԸФǳҪõèŮûȤ˵ĸоҲ裬̸ʱ߰˵ӦФжжаˣǹˡϸֱ棬ֲǣȻҲûе⡭
ǰɴûй
Фתܶ뷨Ҳɵ˫ûнԹȻڷҪΪһʱԷìܡ
ǣȰȰ˾͸ˡ
Ф۲̫ǼϵʱֶҲڹ۲Ф
˲֪ФͬΪһҴ֮ӣһݸ˼ܣ۴Ӿ黹ǾֻФḻ۲ȻҲǿ
ǺֱܿФĴԸҲܿԷһ治̫ͬܺ˶ܿأֻͬҪڣԷõѡ
ǣһ߸ФӴ۲죬һٻԵſ壬˽ġ
Լ⣬ǿſġ
[֣ôΣ]
[ƽദҲ޷]
[Ҳ롣]
[ڣ]
[䣿]
[䡣]
˽̸أФȫûз֡
ԼԼģ˫֮仹һ˿޵ģнζ
Ҳǲɱģ˫ûиԷͻ˼Ͼǲͬ϶Ҳôһ㡰ġ

ôԷԻҲû쳣е㰵ӿĸо
ſţȻеԶˡ
еŵһ
ͬʱһСӷǰһ˫Ϥ֣ں˺üˡ
ͷȻԪ
ЦۣԪ
ԪԵͷ˲䡣
ʱеıˣǸ˵˼
üˣһˮϲɫ൫ζҪϺܶţҧһڡ룬óԣ
ȻյԪߣһ
˿̵ˮ˫ѾԺȹһ֣ϴЦݣʲôҪһλ˵
գգۣعš

Ф˼һԺ뵽Ǽ£ЩԥڸλħʦĽӴУ¶˾ġ
پһξƺͶ˷롣
Ҫһǣ̫Ǽ󣬺ܿ˵Ĵ·ʽԸԸȡһɵĻ
˵
̫Ǽ˹Ͼһ֡ϡ
Ф˵˹ϣ֪ûȤȥһͷʨ
̫Ǽüͷһ˼ǣġ9ħʦʨ
ҲФȥ΢΢ࣺʨǳ׺ݣʨ׺ݵǴʨӡ
̫ǼҲӻФֵܣòҪʨ̵ɣ
Фһˣˬ˵ûʲôģѾ7սʿҪһͷԼңʨʵǿΪҲǳȶҺҪ׽һͷҲûϢԿԡԼʱֵúܳϿңҲöԷܵԼֿøУӶԸ˵ħɽһʨһͷ̣ʨΪ˵ֿ˶ʨչǵ̣Ҳˡ룬ӦѵӵһͷʨΪԼ޵ĻˡΣ¾ͲһΡ
˵⣬ФҲûָſװǣȻλֵԸңҲǿֶءʨħӦûڴʨԸģͽλͬʱһλһԴʨɱʨǻ׽ҲԸʨʾﻹʲôأֻҪͷʨ̡λֵܣǵ˼ǣ
̫Ǽ϶һۡ
Ҳмˣֻ̽̽ûʲôû뵽Ȼһμɱ
ôȥǲȥ
˼ſϿ˽Ľ
̫ǼȿڣФֵô룬Ҳþܾ
Ф϶ʱ¶ϲɫλֵܴӦˣ
̫ǼͷǵģǴӦˡ
ʣʲôʱ
Ф˵Ͷɡ
̫Ǽ϶ûʲô
ΪӦФ룬Фĺ֪èŮҲҾƹݵϰŮȻҲܸˣǸܵдԷˣ˺ܶڵʳõƣҪФչ˺ÿˡ
ФèŮ⣬˳뵽֣ǿ緢һ߸̸ۣһ߻èŮüȥνǷǳˬˡ
̫ǼҲû˵ʲôôš
㷹ԺФȥסһùϢǿõķ䣬Ȼ§èŮȥԼķ䡣
̫Ǽ
ϣ
ΪѹŮλʱҲҪȥɱħޣΪʲôλʶŮ
ˣֶһۣԻصԼķ䡣
ǻ룬ʨսʱҪôԼʵֵøħһ㡣

翴̫Ǽϵһʱ⣬̲סЦ
ȷʵʨʵϵʵФǸڣڼԷսǰϦѡǲЩϲɫǵ֪ⲻ̰ɫʱǿǰ׼
ͲʲôʱǿԹһģֻҪԲһͷħ޶ѣ谭èŮٺٺ𣿲ܡ
ʱһҲǻѡ


303 ε
ħʿҹ, Ҳܶˮһҹʱ߾̨͡ˡԪʱתˮĻ档
һȦȦɢԺٴγֵ, һѾȷ˹ϵ¡
һ̫ӳڡ
е졣
Ǳ, λô˵, ˶ǳ⣬˶ִװ硭ͨΧжϣӦǸǲ硣
ʵԪ, ģ
ԪȻ֪ģֱӻش𣺡һ0ִ, Ů飬ûʲôۡǸĿһͨ·ˣھûϷݣΨһմϱߵͬһѧѧ˴˵޽
ͷͬʱ׳ȥһŰ׿ģ
ԪҲͷԡ
ЦЦĿٴתˮ
˿̵ĳڲִװִ磬һ￴, ΢ɨһڷǱı, ǷǳʵһͨԱ߻һ, ͷֱũµġµġҽƵġԣѧϰ, Ƿǳ̿ѧϰڲϵؼȡִġܽԵ֪ʶ
һأҲû, ͬҲڿ, ĴǾ, һЩͼ򵥻ҩģҲһЩҽҩأڿЩһ
ü
ˣͦġ
Ȼ֪ܶʶͿ򵽣ΪֱӹЧǼֵģۼ۸ҲԽϸߡǰһִ磬ѧϰЧҪһЩ֪ܶʶҲҪԼɸѡӹɣܶࡣ
ΪʲôȥȥͼݡȻΪͼҪ֤ǲûǸȻ浽˷ǳҪʱǿͨйһ֤ģҲеҵ񡪡ϵͳԸݣֻҪҵλ
ȵ뿪ǹ֤ͻʱ棬ٴνǸʱűʹãڼǸ˵ˡǱ˼䣬ǱģҲڷ棬ֱٴμˣμŻ¸֡
һۿǸҪˣһվϢ뿪ꡣˮķ򡰲šԭȥڲԶСﶨ˲ͣȥĵ˴ˮͷóۣôˮһ󱭡
һˣʹʦ֪˿ˣŻص꣬˻ڼȡ֪ʶеĳڡ
֪һǹԼ壬Ȼʱ飬ЦŸȥһƺ꿴һʱˣϰкϰʹӦ˰Щ飬
ţڰһºúóһٷϢһ󣬲ٴη顣
һڳߣֻûãȥ׼һ̣ڳڵֱߡûעʱÿһͻһӡ˲֪ǰһţ̼ȣ֤İ̫ʲôʱҪţ̣ܺȵ¶Ⱥʵġ

епһԳڵ˼û˵
Ԫûӻֻǵݸһˮ塪ϾҲһֱûͣ
һ㶣ȻʧЦ
˵ȻԪԶġ
ԪĲס

Ǵ˵뷨ɣһֲĻ᰺ҽҲȥһִ磬ڡһһҲѡȥ鿴߾ΪصҲһЩᰱǲôڵģܲסǸģΪҽˣȻͻ㵽ؽأǰˣҲ֪ᰲԭΪɾĥѺҲʲôĵطףѾף۲ͬҪֻҪµķͬģ֮以ݣǿߵ˳˳
⻹һЩϤףѡ˺ʵȥ
رִ磬ر˹ȥȥĲͬһִɣ˵Ǹԭǲ硣
ХһغӨŮԷ衭Ƕȥȼٵģ˵Ҹһ²ͬߺܶĿƼʱͬʱַǳƽкܶӡ
ǣĩЩֱСƽִȥˣΪĲǱģǴʵʳĴﻷҪʳʵϣһռģȿƽʱһʳҲиȥ硰ʳֻϧ첻ΪռֻϼܹԼ۱Ҳĸߣ֮ûвǴ˻ᣬͺźֻѡﻷˣҲҺõڸȾ߻ʱ׬˲Ǯûôݳޡ
ǸnpﵹùߵĹ1쾣ѡǧһǼȥģҪĿĻѧߵȼĿѧȽǼ
׺ѡһ5磬׼ȥԼͬУôչģҲѰһЩߵȼı
䡢һһӺ񳾣Ҳһ5磬ѡѪ嵱磬ѪʬͬΪĵȼܸߣҲＳȡһЩõľ顣˳㣬оһѪͽʬĲ֮ͬһǷܴҵеġ߻ͨĽ
ˬǸ⡪Ӧ˵֪ͽԭޣԼʵǰǸ7硣ô˵뿴һ߼Уʲô˵ġ羰
ȻȥԶԶֹЩеʽֵĶȲȥһߣֻߡ߶ԶĿǶѡȻҲһЩ޷Եġʹ㹻ʽҺıҲܶĿˣĿҪһЩ
ƱһʱġΡȳһʼܿסԼĿǣһӰϵ龰ٿʽܿԼĶٿˡ
һУȴĺô
԰׬Ķ԰׬ϵͳϣҵǡǡ

ڵ绹ûŹעԼͣǵ£ע⵽һ֮ǰԵ⡣
翴Ԫգգ˵ԪǸռܺǼ۸ҲǸǵĸˣǲǿҸϼܣ

ûռ䡣
Ȿλʱ˼Դǳģͻ˵ҪǰС˵ռ䣬ΪһĻƷֻͷͦģʵҲûкܶ༼ļ۸ҲߣǹڱˣʵϻΪͣ߼绹ͦƻظĹǱŷ޶Ǯˡֻڲ޷ڲŨȡ
ô˵ռҲȷԼ۱Ⱥܸߵģ˵ǸƷһҲ
٣ڴﻷ֮Ĵ﹤ǿ϶Ǹռġ

ĻԪȻǺ飬ûаԥֱ˵ʱȥõİλи졣
ʱ¶ЦݣһǾȥ
Ԫͷá
룬ʣԪûƷϻģ֮ǰûע⣬µǻǵµġ
ԪҲ룬ѸٸԼĻش𣺡еġ
棺ʲô
Ԫ˵ʥϣѾˡ
磺
ٿػȻʥǲүү!ȻѾˣ


304 ٴɸѡλ
һʱ, еûӦܿͻعˡ
Ҳǣ˶ô, ЩүүҲʮ, ͱȥüмȥ⣬Ҳ͸ûˡ
, ı飺Ԫ, Ǵٰ֮ǰȥЩȥһ顣
Ԫš
˵ǧʥ飬϶ɡ
Ԫš

, Ԫվһ
˵Χ, ӿȥѸٵسͬһʱ, Ԫվ, ſֱۣʵʵ§ڻС
ܵһԼҲʵ˵ĸооϴԪϵͳʱñԴ岻ͬһָΪеĸо, Լ, ܸоԪЩ΢, Ľǡ
һ, оԼһߵԪ, һԼҲϲ, ͬϲôݵԪȻ, ٵõԪķ, ǲʮȴ಻ϵĻϲͺļⱻָᴥ֣뿪
ԪվԭأһָԷܵøС
ĸоʲôġ
üӺ˲ǿţаγ
̲ס̧ѵõе㲻˼Ԫλġ
Ԫ°ĥţżɲš
ȴ쵽ˣһ㣬̿˵ˣǸˡ
ԪҲڻָ糣á
˵ĻʱǿʼĽġ
Ԫų⣬ĺһͨԪӾǴһоʧ·ڻ֮䡣
СȵĹΡǵҫһͷǰŸָġ׽С
ЩԸнϵ磬ָϴβͬǣϴһЩԸǿĹαһƽ͵ڹеķչεʱȥʱѾѿˣϳϵļΪ׽ģǺԸ׽ġ
ܺá
Ӧɾ֤ĿǰΪֹkǶģҲġ
Ϊһҵ൫ڻѧϰˣʲôܸأ
˵ظ֪һһ̣εԪ֮䴫ݡ
[Ԫλˡ]
[á]
ţ翴˳ƬƬءм΢
Щ΢ǰλ棬еĻһЩڣеѾ׿ݰܡܿĳеķչúܺã磬ϧԶܱ磬籾Դֲ
ԪΧϸϸ˿΢֮ڣеĶѣеһЩ΢еıǡ
̺ܿ죬ֻ˼ʱ䣬Ѿɵ΢ǳɹˣи˿ڳ΢нٴνбǡ
Ź˺üӣЩ˿ջ
˿»Ϊ⣬§һԪϣ֮У߻ָ֮ǰӣͬʱʧҲվеĴ֮С
һؿԪϡ
ոʱ򲻾ãˣô㾫ϵƣġҲΪϵͳԪ֮ĹϵУζȸߣһθԪԴϣĸ֪ԪҲ˸ĸй١
Ȼģϴѹһ㣬ӹɣǸ˵ģþôһ⣬ĹתٶҲһЩ
Ԫոձ˶ʮλ棬԰ɣ˸Ƿ˵
ԪԴ羱ʱһһأĥе㷢
ţʮ
ЦˣղɸѡŶռģͻǸǰһ
Ԫû
Ԫ磬˳űǣһЩλ档
绹ɢز붯ûϵֲҪԪǰʲôֻ̬Ԫţһȥˡ
ȻԪǸģ£ͱô§ƣһӺѾһλĸ߿ա
ͷһȻλ棬˵ҲǸһ׵İλ档ķ򲢲֧࣬λ㹻ˡ
[Ԫһռɡ]
İλ棬ʺģչ濪СӺװãſ˹֮󲻶봽ˡ
Ԫͷָһ㡣
ָŷ˲סλ棬ǽλһ޴룬пٸҲѿɳһƴСֱֱسķ
̧֣ɵؽס
ָģһƬƣɫѩףӨɰ
Цˡ
[ÿԪôҵ⡣]
ԪĲ
[ϲͺá]
ǳǹͷʱΧĻֱˣٴγһµİλϷ
ԪǿرѾѴʷ޸һЩϸС©ڣҪٻ1000һΣķΧҲϸ£ͬʱĿǸࡪԱλѵʱûϴζ࣬ʵϣһɸѡķȸڵλʱĵǸٵġ
ȻҲûʲô⣬翴λ棬ͬŨȶҲŨǳʺһռ͡
ԪѸٸ󣬷ɵеģһƬ״
ٴκúõ
ǵλ桢ĸλ桭
ÿһλ涼ʺһռģԪĸҲǷǳѸ٣ȵʮλȥٳֵЩʺװλģ߸֮ࡣ
ڣɸѡһλ档
λԪģԭǡһ׵İλ档
˵֮ѡЩλ棬Ϊ沢ûʲôö˸ռû·ߣȻٹһʱ䣬ɢ죬žͻ󳹵׷
һ˵ﵽ˶׵İλ棬Ҫһ׵ǿܶ࣬ڵĻôҲԴҪҲúܣǲɸѡΪռĲϵġ
ôΪʲôᱻԪУ
һͲϷŨȣһ˲вģעǰλ󣬾еԭ
׵İλϣһڶ׵Ȫ
׵Ȫ⣬ңңԵһһǳҡıֲڲϵȡռݵǴ󲿷ֵеңڲϵš
üԪͨ
[Ԫıֲ]
[š]
[Ҽǵֲ﴿Ƥɷ⣬ûκֵİɣ]
[ǵġ]
ˡ
ĿǰȪһֱεؽԼȪ۵ķΧڣûзɢȥҲûԴܾΪԣǱʶ֪ʹˣҲֲĶϡֲﲻ֪ôλϣһʼֻռһٵĲ֣ȡڵĵطͻɷɢȻĸϵͣӣ֮ȫɡ͸ȪˡԣȪֻһ˿ԶѣضĶ֣ȪΪװλ涼ɢС


305 ¡
еǳǿ, ֲкֻж۷ʵضǻᱻʳɷ, ΪʲôҪܲ˵ɵȪλԼǸ³أΪûиġ
ûֻбܣֲеһ, ֻҪĵط, ͻ᲻ϵκһ, ûŪôһ죬ڵǸطͻᱻĵطֲħԪŨĵطͽħֲӳĵطֲֲ֮ʵһıֲרΪʳ, Գκһ, һ, 뵹ùͱ뾡Ū
ûֲ, һֲһƬ½, ǸʱĵȼѾﵽǸ۷壬Ϊԡѹܰɱ, ͨǲģ޷ƷֲƤ¼ʹͬ۷ǸĶǿһ𹥻Ҳ޷ٰɱ
ţǸͱһƬ, Ӧ, 췣, Ű, ɾ˱Դһȼ43硣
Ҳǹˡ

ҲΪԭԪűﵽֺİλ档
ֲ˵һ϶ǻᱻģʣµõһСһĶȪһһ׵ռ䡣
ǺټģȻˣܲ˷ԴȻǲ˷á
[ԪǾɡ]
Ԫͷ֮ǰÿһһָһ㡣
ҲӶȥסǶ׵İλ档
һθǰһҲЩ΢ֻȥʱˮִȴ絽գʱͰֲʳмͬʱɵǰߵҲ͸ɿػΪе̳
𿴲踴һ㣬ʱҲǶ˼Ӷѡ
⼸ӹѾ˲ҪĲ֣ʣµǲְ
ɫļٴγɡ
ٴѿ
رŷɶģһŶ˵
ɫĻһεϷŵ΢⣬ͺʱҪһ¶Ƶģµ˼¡
ֻϸŻᷢʵǱƽģ·Ȼɵοǩ
صͷ
[໹ôã]
Ԫ͸˵Ц⡣
ÿα佱Ǻܸ˵ġ

п˷֣ˡ
ƷİУȻʮͬƷ׵ռ䣡
һЩ缶ߵĿҲˣǶƷȽϵ͵Ŀ˶ԣ⡰ռ䡱Ƿǳϡġ
ȻȻģܶ˾Ⱥ
[ռע⵽û۸񲻱ˣԼ۱Ⱥܸ߰]
[ûиһԵͼƼĿˣǲǸһһĸܣ]
[ǣϾȻռ䣬л]
[Ҳ 1һС˵սʵĸо]
[ԶԶԣľС˵սʵڶеĿˣ͹С˵˰ɡ]
[ͼƼ 3û뵽ϧûǮȻĻ]
[ȷʵǹһ㡭]
[ȵȸλƷǰͳֹġ]
[ʲôֵܿϸ˵һ˵]
[Ƕǰʱ½Ŀ˰ɣѹֲ֪ǽǰռѾϹһˡҼǵǸʱûʲô׬ǮĻܶˡҾͶһ׵ģռļ۸ܸߣҲ֪ǺöǾ˶𡣲ҲǮģʶһûռûþˣ֮һֱûϹֱڣһϼ˶ʮ]
[ԭ]
[Ҳ֣ö˶۸ܻġ]
[һͷһգôҲôǮһһݳõĲҵ]
[ҲҲǡ]
ȺԽԽң²ĶʮռУѸٱ߰˸ֱգ۹׵ľֻʣһһ׵ҲһЩ
Ͼ׵ˣֻҪ1ңڵͼеСǮĿ˵ǺֵõġһҪ3򣬹һͻ΢ȵȣע⵽һ׵ʵӦҪ׵ܻӭġ׵ΪȪڵԵʣҪңͿ˭ˡ

д
翴һֵȺֿ˿ɿȥռ䣬ЦЦ
һռʱ׼ϻˣԺԺ˵
עͶ뵽ʥǵϵġ
ǿүүܵٴιǡ
ȻˣͷǮͦģö෨ҡ֮ǰҲ½½ķתΪ֮ǰԹ׵Ļˣڣܹϰ˼ĲС
ţԪԪȥҡүүˡ
ɣЦŵ٩Ϊӡ顱Եʣʱ̲סôȤζسƺʥǡ
ԪģҲûиָƺȫʲôģ§ѸһǧеĲдǿʶѸٳǸʶǰ
[λԸǩԼԱйӶΪۣΪʥϵĽߣԼȿһ]

еĿǻռʱЩȽؾٴη֣µƷ
ϸһԭǡʥ-ʥ衿鷢֪ͨʥµʥǰפӭλǰȥʥǽйͨ衣
ʥ£ܶǶй˽ģҲвٿ˶ԿָԼʥܸȤֿģҲѸٵؾͰʥֽģȻû˻ᡪʹʥǲñ⣬һĿʱ䶼̫̣ѵжһֺܶŶӣŵһʱˣʥҲǷӵ
ò˵ǶˣʥȷʵǸˡ
Ҳп˿ǹǷԼȥٻҪʥ飬һ£һˣٻһԷʶȱˣٻķúķδس𣬾𣬵뻮㣬裬Ҫÿǡ
ھͿʱȷ¿ˣܶ˶ٵطʥǵĽܣѰԼҪ͡
ﶼ룬ϣþкʵġ

׻3磬ʥԭʵ۷壬һ缶ĴսóǰԼƷߡǿġ쵶ʽʣµʶоĿǰǰľʽѾƣܸǿʽΪʮʽÿһʽԵӡΪԷĵ⣬ֻɶԷ̵ﲢûŵĳۡ
ֶλʥƽ˼򵥵Ľܣ˵˶ԷóЩ棬Щѧϵĳɾ͡

Ľ׻4磬ʥԭʵΪĽڣΪԪ˶䡣óΪУ㣬ǰʱо˿ԽʵһĵҩȴΪʱûܷ䷽дʶожϣ䷽Ѿǳ
ĸ˾顭еľָķ桭

׻2Ǽ磬ʥԭʵΪһ۷壬ǸǳĻ״ʦó졭
˾顭ָġ

һ׻Եͼ硭
һ׻1硭
һ׻ԡ
׻ԡ


306 ʥ
ڡʥ-ʥ衿Ʒ, ԭҳһʥͼΣȻ·гһŻƣܹʮ, еĿʱԴȥ鿴
ڲͬˡ
ʥͼɴڣ·ǻƣǸΪסһססһֱ˽סΪֹ
Ҫ鿴ʥ飬Ҫ㿪ԼҪǸƷ׵ӣȻҳ, Ȼٴнѡ
ֻ׵ҳ棬㿪ҲܷĻ򵥽ܣһһеؽСģʽΪ׻, 0Ƽ, ͨˡֻҪһϵ룬ͿԿϸĽܡ
ִһ, ׵Ļ, ʹﵽһϡ
ܶ࣬ϸ룬0綼Ҫһٸ, ƽÿҲһҲûʲôֵġο׵ĻҲδض0磬Ҳп1дںܳɫ飬ٻԷʶҲǺпܵġ
ٿһ, һ׵Ļаʮ, ׵Ļʮ, ׻ʮĽ׻ʮ׻ʮ
ֿԿƷԽ͵ĻԽ٣ʵϣ㹻ʶֵΪʥģʵһЩʴһЩ

ʲôƷ׵ĿˣѰҵԼҪʥԺҲܹעʥȻڵʵòģ˭֪Ժ᲻ϣ˽Ķ˽һ£ԼԺķչҵ
һ׵׵Ļƿ˵ǰǼֵģֻ˺ܶ࣬ǶЩȶѡ֮ϵĻҲչ֣ǸȤġ

׻6磬ʥԭʵΪ۷壬ΪȨλԭ֮ն䡣Ըױó˺սӵд칥ǿؼ
׻6磬ʥԭʵΪ׳ڣΪĴսóȻӵк֮Ըױӵдǿˮ
׻6磬ʥԭʵΪ۷壬ޣóӵףӵк֮óúϵҩǰյҩϣɼоĿǰӵѾȷЧҩ33281֣ģ⵫ȷҩЧҩ1255֣1022ֿȷ80%Ͽܳɹʣ233ֿȷ60%ϿܳɹԸºͣϲŭ޳
׻6磬ʥԭʵΪ۷壬ɱиͬھóսԸױ
׻6磬ʥԭʵΪڣóҩԸбڲͬʵ顭
׻

ڵ㿪׻ҳʱһͷȿɸ԰ʥ飬Ľܲͬ԰ʥ飬϶ü̵ĴʻԸϵܽᡣľǣһɨʮȻÿһԸ񶼲ôãϾǡױб֮ģõһҲǡº͵ϲŭ޳
ͿףҪѡЩʥ飬¶ҪöԷܲദһԷһЩ׼
ЩѾ뷨
԰ʥ²ʺϳڵãֻҪڼָʱ׼һʱھУʱ䵽ˡջˣ;𾴵ذʥͻȥڸǹͨǵʱҲҪעǹͨķʽҪȼǵŭ
Щ˲˼һΪʲôйɱ¾ʶҲܳΪʥ顪ܿˣһǵ͡磬ǾͺˣЩʥٲбҲǷģԲʲôǸﶼȻԳΪʥһԱֻʥڷǰĿ˵ǾҪˣһСģĻԷ
Ŀʥ飬ֻ¸Ϊ԰Ŀ׼ġ˵࣬Ժ϶Ҳʱ򣬰ʥ㹻֮ء

һͲദİʥ⣬ͬƷ׵ʥ鿴ˡ
˵
׻6磬ʥԭʵΪڣɵڶΪһλɶӵжɵţзḻо顣
׻6磬ʥԭʵΪ׳ڣɵһһλʦΪƳһ־ҩԸ۶˰ɱճڣ982ɵҲƵƷ׵ҩ֪ϣ789ΪԴûеõ֤жϣ8860%Ͽܳɹ70080%Ͽܳɹ1ƷߣɹԲ30%Ҫо
׻6硭
׻6磬ʥԭʵΪ׳ڣһλʳʱзֺնɱóǿ
׻6磬ʥԭʵΪ۷壬ǰΪéɽţʱΪʦŽǿˣһֱûܳȬ˥϶óéɽؼó̵ӡ
׻6硭

ڶǸտ԰Ļٿ׻ʱоҪºܶࡣλƺƢҲ̫õĴЩҲ̫ˡ
׻Щ磬ҲǱȽϡģںܶĿ˵ҲڱȽ˽Щ
Ѿвٿ˼ȥһЩʥ飬ܴܲǵĿ˽¡ҲȽϷԺȥЩʥڵǣ
һ̣ѾкܶףʵǿͨЩʥԵͺԼҪǰͶȷǷ˫ϵģʱǾͿͨʥøֵ׼ˡ

籾һߴˮ۲ǵķӦһ߲鿴µġүүϼԺ󣬿ǵ
һע⵽һλ˵ıˡ
һλ4ĿˣףʵĽڡƺڳʽ𣬲ûȥͨԪĹ۲죬֪λ7ѾüˣӦǴҪȥֻӷǳǸɢޣһֱ׼
7ĳϼܺλɢû˼ͶҪһλʥ󡪡ֵһǣλʥȻ7磬ʵȴֻĽ۷塣
Ҳ˵ڴƷ˵Ʒġ
粻ɸ̾˻ǹСĵġ
ҲǣΪɢ޻ܻ쵽ǸĶһ㣬ûôСҲġҲڱȽΣյ磬ûдɱӻɢ޻ҿ£þߵǾͶǡڻҡ࣬ǻҪġ
ˮλɢ޺˳ظǸĽ۷ʥˣڼֺ֮˳ذ˸ٽɢɺ˳شĽʥĿУʼǸ7顣

°ͣ¶Цݡ
ɢ޵ӻתÿ죬Ҳԣвʥǵľĸ˵ĹǱҲֻм򵥽ܣϸһ㣬ǿжϵġʱ򣬶ͻһЩ
һʼû뵽㣬ǿԼ÷ˡ
ͦ˼ġ


307 ϵƺ΢
ܵ˵, һ翼ǵԽԽࡢԽԽࡢүүԽԽ⣬ֱԪרɸѡһԵٻ൱Ŀ˲, ͳͳװ, ʥϡ
׵׵ġүүѾܶ, Ʒ׸ߵҲ׵ʥﵽʮλ߽׵ʥǳ, ǳҲмλһжʮ࣬ⶼٵˣȻٵĻǰ˽׵Ļ, Ϊֻһ˽ǿȫûҲ, ʶ, ֵرٻ, չϵֻѡ
ֵһǣûκһλʥԻ硣
Ǹĵط, ;ز۵ĵȻеģǵһֱ, Ҳ滨عأǵػ籾Դ޵Ļ͸ûִ, ͬ滨ع, ع籾Դ
Ԫɸѡʶʱôط֣ɶû, ͸ỹҪˡ

֪, ˵ڶ졣
ѾﵽĽˮ׼, ʺõú, ²ɵʲôµʱȫûע⵽ʱţҲѹƣ
ֱԪףСŷӦһȤľĿʱˡ
ǣ翴ˮ
ˮĻ治֪ʲôʱתħʿ龰
ФƿԼķţ˸߳
Ф䲻ԶŶŵ䷿ֱϺ̫ǼסǺܾˣʹФֵúܺദһҪҹҲû˯ôԴ˳Ҳˢˢϼܵռ䰡ʥǵϰ֮ġȻһˢţһ߻˽š
ʱФǱߵĶŲԼͬظ˴˽˽ġ
ȻǺĬأ̫Ǽȳš

ФбǼ䷿ʶ֮һ˹߳Ѿ룬ͷҲһ˿ãԵ÷ǳˡ
ٴĸ̾һλ塣ȻˣҲ˵ǡ
ФЦŴкˣ˹Ϻá
̫ǼҲЦЦϺáϵķһۣɴŵĻȣϽƺˣȥ𴲡
˵䣬̫Ǽߵϵķ⣬̧ߵ졣
ɣҲ൱Фġ塱ˡ
ҲȻȻʣ˹
̫ǼЦۿɼһЩ˵ҡ
ϾͰŴˡ
ФһԿ֪ôģое֡
ˮߵ硭
֪ôģоҲе֡

糯ԪϿ˿Ԫã̫Ǽ֮е㡭΢
Ԫ룺ûС
㶣˵ѵˣ
Ԫ룺С
һ飺Ԫ
Ԫƽ˵֮ദһʼʱ񡣡
磺
Ҳԡ
ԪʱѺ֪ŴŲ֪ʲôʱͲ֪˫ˣ̫ǼҪǸĻԪеģҲͦģϾ⣬ϵͳҲԼѧûء
Ȼٴ̫Ǽϡ
ˣԺ̸̸᲻أǶǿԼ˽ʱΪ֮϶֪ġ
ǡ
˵Ԫʱһ
Ԫͷá

ˮеФ̫Ǽϳ緹һԸ׼ƲдľȻèŮ˿һ۲ˮ󣬱˺ܶ顣
Ȼˡ
ϸҲûʲôֵģèŮʱͺܺãΪһЩԭȽۣҲûĵزΪСŮѡ֮һȻҪФǰһرԼˡ
Ԫġ֮¾ˮ龰Ҳ˶緹ȻͿλһǰʨûĵطȥˡ

ħɽ
Ф̫ǼϣһɽǰƬС
̫ǼͻȻüɫؿĳķ򣬳ڣʲôˣ
ϼǸͬʱע⵽Ǳߵġ
˵ɱȽϼңһӰٿشӴ֦Ҷïдڳֱӳڼ˵ǰ
Ǹķǳ𱬡òǳ޵ĺ췢Ů
̫Ǽ϶һ١
ǲʲôΪŮӾͻӣɿ췢ŮʱȴԼͬһֹŹֵԤС
ԤУǿһߵФ
Фں췢ŮֵɲǾʹЦݣʱֱ߹ȥһ§סԷһں󣬲Ŷ̫ǼϽܣ˹ϣλҵһ˿һλ6սʿʵҲǿģʹӦҪңԼ档Ȼָ췢Ů˵λҵѣɶǷǳħʦһڣҶԲʨбʤġ
췢Ů˿Ȼ˪̫ǼϵѾͺܶˡ
ɣФϵġ˵ҲФŮ֮һ
˿˵Ǻá
̫Ǽϣá
λФֵܸոջèŮǱٿ߸ܵĺ췢ŮڵҲ檴ڵģҲûҵĳ棬ɻǾе
ǰϦҪҹԹлҪϸˣ

Ǻȡ
ˡ
֪κθ߶ԲȱӣԭΪèŮǸˣû뵽һ췢Ůսʿ顪ַܿӦûëģֻǵ͹˸̶ܼȣèŮӦǸƹݸ󣬶췢Ůսʿʨ
Ԫû˵ָֻ˳˳󱳣ָιһ¶ֹȡ
ԪֺˣҲȷʵѸֹȡ̧ͷԪ°ףʾл

ˮФڸ̫Ǽϼ̽ܺҲ䣬ûֻŸ췢ŮȣǴżһħɽڲȥ
ФȻǲȹġ൱̶ȵ˽⣬·죬ֱĿĵضȥƹɽͷΧͲħ޵ĶˣҲһǿҵϢмΪǿħռ˵̣ųħޣʹôƬɽﶼһƬžֻżɽ紵ʱҶ
̫Ǽ϶ǿ˽䱸
ʨųôǿ׼̣Ƭص˱κһ˿õĿģ¶ᱻƴ
ĿǰǵøСģʨɱ
һ̣췢Ů˿Ӵָͳ֧ҩܣȻóһŷԵľᣬФעƺ󣬾ʹҩܡ˺ᣬȻҩɢϢɢȥһᱡȴûɫ𽥰ض
̫Ǽһ˿΢̽飬һ΢ѣУƷ׳ҩƷףӰ첻󡣵Ҳ̽鵽ҩȷʵ˻ԵãҾ٣ҲͬҩЧǿе⣬ФȻɫƣڰµʱġҩû취ʨɥʧжȴҲĵʨһʨ޷ӳԭʵ
ǣҩЧЧȴҲشŭʨ


308 Գɹ
һʨڼžɽ֮, ͻȻ䣬زһкܶʯӸɽ, žž
ֻʱ, ФǼոӦɽҡضѣʱǰľ޴ײ, ͬʱųһͷ׸ߵľʨӣ
Ф˿˲䳯ǳ, ̫Ǽαװλ֪ʲôʱһħȣӶһº󣬾һصľҺ󷽡
ʨſ, һ, ¶ȷǳ, ⾭ĵطƤջʯƵڵĽڣĽ
ǳֲ
Фֳִ󽣣͵Ծ, Ӻ˴ʨĺϡ˿Ӱ, а۳ذףӲֱʨͷϷһ, ʨԴͷڣӲޱ, жһж, ֻʨ
ۿФ˿, ̫ǼҲ
ֻһ׹ħгȥ, Ҫʨͷ׹ٶȷǳ죬˿ҪһЩ˿ذе֮ǰ׹ȴ˶ǣôʨһӷŭĺУ˿ٸϵʱذͬʱڶϣͱԭĸж˲һǳϸСĿӡ
Ȼ׹⺳˴ʨķ˿һϲ˫ֻһգ۵Ĺַնʮ£ǼɲϸСҲ󣬶Ǳƻʨʹӿֲͬһʱ̣ФǰѴҲȻͨĴûʲô𣬵ʵں˷ǳصĲϣѴ󽣴ʨϵƤʱֻΣʨĺ󱳾ѾƿѿڣѪƤëϣԵø
Ȼһħϵıʯŷܶ⣬ЩķУҲ˷סʨڲϵնƻķ

翴һսɺЦ
̫ǼõĿħϸȥܷ֣еĹʵһֻڰдݶģħֻǸ˶ĿĶѡħϵıʯҲֻ͵͵һȥˣųġħѹħûһϵҲΪЩʱǾħȵΧģФҲ˿ҲգûЩǴħȷǽΧסħȡ
ܻҪαװʽ̫ǼϵģҲ۵ûš

ˮ̫Ǽϵװģýζ
˷ɿ׹⡢ԹһΪ˸ʾǵŵ¶һǷɵ˸߿СȻٰħ㣬һתɿŪ˴ɻ𡢷硢סˮϳɵĴУͷŵʱ΢ıһ̬һڽʲôħЧӣͷʨȥ
ٶܿʨϼˣħҲһֱڴʨ󱳡צ֮ʨսФ𺳣һֱʶλʵӦúܸߣڿˣŷǱĸȻģҲһεԸˡ
ǵģ;Լһܵõͷʨ̣ô϶ԵõҪѺܴĴۡ
Ф̸Ӻˡ
˿ţФ̫Ǽϴйͷʨô׺ộϵϢڲ
ԼһСʱȥʨӴںȻء
ɱˡ
ФڵĶҲľˣһƨڵϡ˿ۣͬҲڵϣһ
̫ǼϣûһʹոóôġħҲû̫Ƶġ
ôɣ˿˾裬Ф浹ǿʲôʵҲǸɵ𣬾㿴ûʲôˣȴħӦһ״ħ˫޵ģĿǰˮƽʵħˮƽҪȻ̫Ǽϵӡ󲻴Ҳ׵ؾǰæ
̫Ǽϱֻһ¸һԻһͼǵ۽俪ѹȥΥŵռôһǰıˡ
˼Ф˿ôҲûֻվԭأ˻ָ˵
ФǱҲҹζ࣬λħʦôţûκβõľٶҲˣæóҩ˿һһܣѸٺ˲
Ӻ˲ϡ
Фˬ˵ͰѶ˰ɣͰһʼ˵ģ̹ңȫλֵܵġ
̫ǼƮȻߵͷʨʬǰ
ְ̧ʬսռ䡪Ŀռ
̫Ǽ¶һЦݣ˵Ǿǲˡ
ȻһȺȥʨסɽФȥͷԼʨҵԴȫպáȥʨħˡ

ħʿУcp֮컥ߵ龰죬ԵԪιһġ
ܺõ˵ˣ١̨ˡ
⣬ʵѾͦ㣬ʱҲ׼ȥ
ϾҲһ쵽ֻǵÿǣԼҲü˵ġ
ֿ˿Լڷķ׼ȥһӡ
ͻȻ䣬һ£˰ԪҰɺǲҲȥһ磿
ûĿǰȼߵ磬ҲǺڵǸ硣
ҲǲȥǲȥΪԼʵ̫ˣϵͳҲΪʶ϶±αװѾﵽĽףԪǸͨԪںϺ˲ֱ˴ˣ˽׵ǿҲ޷ʵʵеİ˽ʥ鶼٣ǵһʼԪĽףҲӦÿʼɽˡ
ԪͷӦøֱ˵ҪԺӵݻص硣
һֵͷǸõӵݡ
ĺǱ˱ѺģЩʱȥǾӴһֱˣżѪʲô֧ԮһеĽ裬˳ֵƵʺܵ͡ڣȻѾ˵ģ˽׵ʮǿȻ˺ˣҲûصȺǱߵԴȡңĻᡪǵģҪǵȻҪԼԴԪҪݣص
Ԫ˵ҷֳһʶȥ
ЦЦá
˵ԪûʲôĶȴԷ֣Ԫ۾һĨ⣬ͬʱĨƺΪ˸ȥѸٻΪһţĺӾӶȥǸطԪúѪ⻻ȡľסأպӸԺǵطҲǹĺеġ⡣
ˮ֪ʲôʱַ翴һΡľңռ伫֮ſһͷڵľôſڵϣݺǧɣƼ硣
˿̣۽գϢ΢£С
Ӷʱɵûͷ
ţ˫ˡ
䡢飬޻ʵĽС
ûκв
ϵͳһʶѣȻ

翴˫Ŀ΢΢һ𣬿תͷߵˡ
Ԫۿвݴġ顣
Ҳ¶һЦݡ
ɲ΢΢һ


309 ԡؼ
మǰ, ϸ΢ҲǿԱע⵽οȫλǶһֱԼϵͳ
ʹԼҲû̫ӦԪȴǷһ˲롣
ԪͷĶͷ, ˳ű׹, һֱĴ
类ˣúᡣ
һЦ
ٿˮ
ʱˮǧɵľض˶õβڶͷ˲ʱ仯
ڹվԭص, Ѿһ׶ࡢͷڵӢꡣ
ǺӰԵò
ڵһολʱֻðӲ, ûо, ٿʱȴܴϳҶԪν, ԭİԵԸӰЩӲ£˵ΪںԪʶġ
˿, ӱκ̧۳ˮ߿һ, øĿԡ
㶡
ӵЦ, һ˲Ϣͺܶ, ĸԪһģһ
ʧЦ, ס˶ͷ
, Ԫڰ, ԪʶİԪ
ܸж§Աߵһڡ

ˮջߺ˾ٿشʧȻˮɢʱԾ¶ӵӰ
ӳһƬɽС
һƬɽİԱ׷ɱӵĵطҲǼֵ׷ϣҲ˷󷨣ϼˡǸպʱпͶ֤ͨԪĶûУײˡ
˵Ե˵Ҳã˵ҲáҪ㹻ãܻԼǣڣĳǳεĽֻܸɵ˰æҪ˵ðɣ˾ˣȴиĻء

ԽУŶ׷ɱȻҲܷͻأʧʮ𾪣ټΪãպôһؾżֻһưһҵ󷨡̽ϵĸ֣鿴ҪѰҽķȻæһʱϸ΢Ŀռ䲨ûҵֻ˵
ؾͣ»Ǽʮ궼ǿܵģǵĶֲǰԣҲǱ˴ˣ϶Ը˰к󣬺ϵҲ͵Ϊֹˣðʧʱ䣬ͷԴҲϣԽؾ/żǳΣգǰʣµǵС档㰽󻹻ᰲȫҲҪûᣬռٱ˾Ƕ٣ռöˣ԰ԾԽ
ܱѾͻƵ˽׵İԵˣʵȻҲ̫ͣҸооһλ߽׺ڡ̷һⵤҩڶʱﱬֵ˽סǿߣǽɱԣʱĻһʱ䣨ʱȬлһλǿߣ׷ţֻҪ˲䱻ԻУͿԽǰλ߽׺ڵ΢赲˲Զݶߣȥӱţдһǿ󷨵ʦͷж̣ͬǽλ߽ǿߵѸЩ̲óص󷨣ļΧԣҪʱԱˡ
ǣԪʶİԻع鵽ʱЩ˵ע⡣
һ˲䣬Ǹ߽׵ǿѾ̷ҩ˹󷨵ġʹ÷ġ׼ŵģѸٶ쵽˼¡
ȻҪȿ죬˭Ҳϵͳ졣
ԪʶݵǰԵֵɲǣѾ˸ļϢж֮ǰѾͨ΢仯ǵж켣ԼϻķӦ
ԪʶðԵʽ߽ǿ̷ҩɲǴĺʹǵҩڼȴдҩû˳ѭ޷㹻ʵͬһʱ̣ԪʶҲѸٳΣһδڰẉ̂һסëȡϴöԷ˽֡
̶һɲǣǲЩˣһ붼ԪϵˣûͣͰհԵٴγ֣ѲûֿЩȫɵˡ
ȻԪʶһɢ˽׵ѹɨķٷһ߿桰ԡĹ
βһ˦ֱפضȥ

翴Ԫһģ㣬һ֡
ûԪôأ֮һûססԪ֡ˡ
ⲻְܲڶŶ֣һŶһcosʳ⣬˭˼ľ
ЦԺٿˮġԡԷѾص˺壬ԵɨȺľ󲿷ֵط󣬾ֱӳ嵽ĳһƬȺǰβݺݵسϷķ֣һһ£Ѹٵس޴ѷ졣
ԡŭ𣺡Ǹˡ
Ǻһڡ
һ뵽ʵԪر˼
˺üһ£תͷʵԪԵڿţҪҪԸԸʥϸǴ򹤣
Ԫ룺Ҳԡ䣬ҲԸŷŷ硣
Цˡ
ҲǣԸȫǸԪĽףԼʵòŴ򹤻ǮġҪͬʥϣҲܴģԪ¡Ǯʱл˽ȥתһת

˵ԣͦùġ
֪һ֮Իһ綥ʵǿݱ׷ɱ֮ǰΪһӵıѡ
ΪʲôԻôǸӣҪӰԵ˵
ûĸСúӣΪʲôûĸ壿ԭܼ򵥣ĸʵֻһùķ
8磬ֻһƬ½Ǻܶ½ܶ򡢺ܶ¼λۺһǧ硣
бȽϵͼλУеһ̶ȾͻƿԭĽߵȵϲλ棬Ҳ׻˵ġˡ
Եĸԭֻ¼λһҰ㣬ᴿǵѪкڷмλҵŲȥŻһѪٻԵɺϣϼλ棬ΪһŮ
ɼѪԵϵĻ¼λ棬ȻΪ㡣
ֵ峤ˣųɾŵһԺɫҲҪԼһκȶԺֱкºųΪһͼ˾ûˡܴ½ȻѪҲһξͻ˰ԣΪ̫ãǵĵʱͬϺӵ԰ԲǿԼѪ⹩ԣ֮ˣǿǿѰһٶ꣬һԱˡ
иۣҲһŮԸȽϵϵܺáΪ˺ŮҪҲο壬氽ԳɳĹŮҲϵܺá󣬰Ҳչ¶һʣͰŮҲˡ
֮԰˵ŮҲһֱŮҲһֱ
ױ䣬û뵽һһʵλۿҪɹʱŮȴˡ
ԵһλֵҵŮ˵ڰͻƵʱ򱳴ӭԼĺ󹬣ʵĺӣ˳Ϊһκ۵ĻŮδȻȴĸƾӹлκ۵ĸ
ԳΪһκۣŮɻǻᱻļ裬ѾҰĵŮôȵκ裿
Ůȥһˣͱˡ
ڴ˿֮ǰǸ˵ֵܵҲسŵȻŮԼĺ󹬣λ˵


310 ӡ
ǾŮ뷨ͦ, Ȳ˵ܲӣˣȷʺöѹһٳΪϹļ̳𣿾ײ˾ôɫ, ȷϹһԼ̳к۵λҪ֪ǸȻȷʵ߽׺ʵ, ɻðͷĵȫ߽ǿߣҪ߽׵˽ôͻ, Ҳڰһûĸ塢ƾԼƴɱͻƵ˽׵İԵɱĨĶˣ, в֮ǰԵС
Ůֻ翵һ, ֻ˰ڱܶ, ͸Ҹ㰵㣡
Ů, ҰıԼ, ͸֪Ϊ, İԲ˽, ԴȻҲѸж෽, ׾׷Ͼ󲿷ֵ, ʵһԵʣΪĵλ̳֮һԺûͻƵ˽ףٲԸ⣬κ۶йƽƽ, ɻǰ϶һκۡ
ȻΪϵˣǽ˰Եĺ, ȫԼ޸ɫĲſ, ԵĹϵ, ҲɷɷԺĵλҲضǾصģҿһ˳ǻǷͻصĸѵȥһӡͨС檡һʼСĿ̹
ͺ
ҡҡͷˮcosԪ

޴Ķν캳أô˦βΣֶܱܲ˵ע
ֻһ˲䣬ӲͬĹಡڳܶһգ۾˾޴ĸ
ͬʱвͬ˶Ǻȵ
ֶʲô֮У˷ǿг𱸵ģһ͸Բһߵġ
ֶѾȬˣúúãȻѾǰ˽ˣֶûϷʧԺͰԵġ
ۣӹȻֶȻˣȻǰ˽׺е֮Ǻˣģ۹ϵӦڡ۵͸λӵᣬֻ˺ֶһλ˽ǿߵġ
ǵģ˶ܿ˳Ϊ˰˽׺˶Էѹ⣬ֱ۵ǶԷӴԶԶ߽׺

ıͻȻе΢
Ҳ˵ڰͻư˽Ժһԭô
һ£Ͳıţһһɡ
ǳ棬¾˭С˭Ρ
һ
ˣ

ԡкܶ˹ʱʮٴ˦βҲ֪һˣԡŭ족ǷҲ˼ޣһβ׳顣
ȻŤתͷΪһ꣬ŭڸ߿ղ
ȵģǸԡа˳ƵĿӣͷϴűȡԡĽڣϴοı飬Ҳԡһޡ
εĺۣҲһλ˽ǿߡ˽׺ڵǿߣںλ˽۷⣬ʵǿġ
˵ƽã
죬ǳ壬Ȼûа֡ԡݻֵܼҷֵ˼
ںۿ߽׵ĶӳУ˽׵ĺϡУǰǲô֮԰Ҳûôģڰ׼ͻƵʱû̫⣬ϾͻʧܵĶȥˡرڰԱŮ˱ߺϾʵȱһɵģԳŲȥҲ̸Ǹʵļ̳ˡ
ڲͬˣҪĹͷײϡؾʱһƽ˵ʲô˵ʵˣ
İԲֵӣһȼ˲𣬱˵ǰԱվеһûģҲƫܵġ
˭ǿά˭ںô㣬ûë
ڶҲ֪ôԣ
ϧ׻ǰ

ԡ񣺡ס
ۺ⣬ҲʲôתͷһƬû˷ֵĹȺһ˵Ǹ˽ʲô
ǺһĶӣĸӴ󣬵ȲʵȴĶǿһ㣬ƽʱǺš
ڵź۵棬Ųˡ
ߵĹУɳһߴӢӣȰҪһ㣬ȴͬڰ©Ǵź͹ġ
࣬ʵ벻ƭŮ˸µˡ
ʵϣǲֶεģ˵ƭŮˣֻҪлΪĺ̫ӣʲô趼С
Ȼ趼УδȨƵ£ԼԺһС檣ȻҲǺġ
ȹƽ糣ظԡ˸к֮ǰ֡ǰѹǡԡһ
֮ƽһ֣˸Ҵ
һ룬ΧܶӰֶûӣǷɿֻ
ٴγʱѺһװٸ
ӰǰԼ̳ٸȻǸ̰ԵŮ
Ůţȫ֪ʲô¡ܿ쿴ˡԡʱű˾֣ؾͳķŲȥҪѰı
ǣԽ˿ʹںԺﶷһʱ䣬Ůӻǲô΢еӣͻܱôϵѺֻΪɷͬ¡ʡĺѰ󱣻һ϶סˡ
ȻȻҲǼѺŮȴϻȥǯû취
ŮһĮڶˣߵؿڣģ㡪
û˵꣬ŮҲסˡ
ı黹ûʲô仯ûһ˿κͶݡ˭֪ģɾ֪Ҳôǵ֮Ȩ̫֮λ䶨ˣֵ֮Ҳ϶֡ھеˡʵʱ򣬶
ԡۿŮӾֵЪ˹ٵһۡ
Ůſ޳ˣۼǱߺϣһϣؿ򡰰ԡͼѰҵһ˿̣ϧûС
ԡЦһֲֵܱ𣿡
ЦЦȻ⡣
һ룬Զ֣һŮͷ
ŮĲţŨŨĻһϯȫһжˡ
һŮ嵽ǶմŮûˡ
ԡҲˣûһۣǹֶԺ
ۻǺܸˣոҲŶӸʱҲûٶ˵ʲôšԡԼȥ
֮ǰһͬȴһֱû˵ļǿ죬е¶Цݣеĸһɫһ뿪ˡ
ûиȥ
ԭĿЩ˵ıӰﻮһĨ
ԹЩûͻƵ˽׵ĵ˵ܲ
£ǻҪٺһˡ


311 ǧ
翴, һ
ԪǴӺһɡԼֵܻ££һЩ, һЩԴ˰ɣ
Ԫͷ
ЩıҪСġ
ԪһĨЦ⣺һʮᡣֲ䣬ϵͳġ
ü, Ҳͷ
ȷʵˣԪֲֻԪݿϵͳ֮飬ŲߵġǼôıҲܱȵùԪ

ˮԡ, Ȼؽһ, 󣬺Ҳûи໰˵ֱӸԴ
ԣôʵﵽ˽˾ɫĵ, 嶼дʵʹͷʯǸдĲҵ鵤ҩԴֲԡЩ⣬廹ֱӷ, ĸ, 桰ԡ, ⻹˻, ЩȺкܶ಻ͬεǿ, òͬĹ
ֻһͻƣʹ뿪ԭЩԴȫϷ֣ˣ˴ԴЩʧԴҲֲ˵ڵġԡôһСʹһƶϴСʲ
ȻҪ࣬ǾͱԼ취ıˡȺָֻ壬廹ƾԼֶκ͸ա
ԡõԴҲûиظ۹ͨ飬ڼ򵥵رһνż󣬾͸뿪ˡϵͳԣ̫ˣôεͨô꣬ҾزģҲԲκġ
ǿߵȻǹϲ۵ĹϲۣϲԡҲʱϺ񣬾ְ֧߰иСЩǵԡʵѾңңȣҲ밴סĲʹ죬Ҫԡѹϵ΢ͣ룬뻹ʲôҲøޣáԡֺ
ȻˣĽõ͵ĺǶԡԡǳҺĵرһ࣬Ƶ͵ҲģԡԡûãжãǾͺ˵ˡ
ԡ߲ܣͳͳ¡
ȴĻһش䣬Ǹʱյĺ

翴һϷһֱšԡص˶ԷĹ˺ܶ½ݷãԷҲڲϵؽոԴе㾪ġ
һ㣬λͷĶͲһСĿеĻظҲʲôˡԸʥǲͬģʥ֮ٻʶҪд򹤣븴ûһʷøԼɰԭԪΪ˱סϵĽףҪʲôѣҪĻҲեһʸķңԼ㹻ѡ
ţԪ˼ǣ
˵ھͳЩĵرðԸͲȥʥˡֻǵȰԸȻͻ³ΪеĿˣģҲֻѡе㺮ᡣ
ҪȻҲȥɣŪһЩﵽ˽׵ƷҲðиѡء
ʣԪ㵱ôţ
Ԫ˵򵥵رʾ¿ͨУѡΪеĿ֮һڿ⣬ֿ޷Լʲңѡʧȥݻʱн£ʲＯ㹻ķһȡĻᡣٻشһ⣬ȰĺƷѼֱϼܣȻȥ깵ͨԼѡһʱʥ黹ұĿǰʲȡĻᡣ
ͷҲá̾Ҫԣ»ÿ9С9缶̫ˣҾûӦûһٿʱð˽Ʒ͵ھŲԸŰɡ˵⣬һ£˰Ԫøԣٷúã
ԵʥһͬǣʥǶѾ˵ģ븴ҪҪԪ֣÷ɡǵͰⲿַãȷǵǰĳ̶ȣǻԼӵʲôĵرǲҪึѵģҪԼԶˣȴʱѾԪӹˣһֱǺʻģȻʻģôͲҪô׸ΨһĲԪ겢ȥ
ԣ׸ǮҪ٣һʱģҲ벻׼
Ԫ˵˽ǿߵ1ڷҡ
磺԰
Ԫ飺ʮ֮һɡ
һ㶣ȻЦˣ⡣

ʮ֮һһǧڹ˵ٵ۾˽ףǿߵʮǧ꣬ԭ1532꣬Իʮǧ꣬ν൱ǸǿǿԿ˵ĵģŶԲ˻ɣôþǰѸλ
ǣҪһǧҡ
еչۣһְ˽׶ĹչҲ100Ҷѣһ˽׶ıҩֻ25Ҿͻչһ˽׶չ۽50ҡּı˽۷ľǿ߶ӵУǺʹҲã˵ĺҲգǲеģʹҪ˽׵ıǿҲֻкͰ˽Ʒġ˽Ʒ˽׶ȣеչۻϼ֮࣬ôҪı͸ˡ
ҽеһ˽׶⹦ǾǺۣ֮ܳԪʹӦġοͨԺﻹֿˣ²кģǰԱһˣҲǺѽġ
ǣԪѰԻõʲˣȷʵԳＯǧķңһԵĸҲԺԭ緢չǺܲġ

ԪһѸ˽İš
ûٵ飬Ԫֱ֣磬ȻɿǸǳעᱻ˷ѵԴһһԪķԸһƷսٵذ֮Уͬʱ˵ſҲƷ¡
ǵæµûа׷ѣ˽׵Ʒʮ֣ܶ࣬壬ȻҲԳˡ⣬Ǹ8еǿǣҲʼûз˵ټϵͳʵҺϵͳĬζһ̶Ⱥ󣬾Ͳֻĳǿ߷һ˿ߵ
ɺԪĴ£ĳط
طǰĲ֮

һƬżһƬصż
ԵҲҲб֣ʱ걻˦ȥ󣬱ǿܱ׷ɱǷֵģƫƫΪеġײ𵴣ԶԶ뿪ˣôֱӽһ֮ء
ÿһ֮ضϹżż沢ûʲôЩżкķӦڲһбȫ飬ǲõǿںһγһֻܽȥܳĽء
ǽĶʵ嶼ǲڵģʶ嵹ǿԣȻʶҲʱƶ衢ĥʧ
ˣҲ޷Ӧ֮ڲ
ֻǵ׵أ֮ء


312 İ
ô׵ĵط, ϵͳ˵ƽصģϵͳǧһ˽ףԷ֮أʱûΣ, ټϽױ˽Խ, Ҳû, ѡʱ, ȵԺл̹˵
Ԫ̹, ȻðȣҲûҪʱȥѶԷ
ֱڡ
ǿȥһˡ

յĵط, ꡣ
ʱ·Ѿû壬Աط, Ϳʼ˹¶صȴʮǸдݳĽ֮, ʱǸ״, 㻳ôأ뻹и룬иϣ, Ҳֻ֮һؾɥ, ֱ
οȷԼеĺ׵ͬһԼ֮ǰ˲䣬ҲȷǴһصĴ, ͷѾ͸̽ȥ޾еɰ׹⡢Ρ빬
Ըġ
һҪġ

һʼ, Իڼʱ, һ졢졢һ, ɺأʱҲûʲôɼˣûκεı仯ҹûб仯Խʱ䣬ԽǸо尾һǧٶˣ˵ʱ䣬ԡꡱоʱţΪʱ÷ǳ졣ȻĶûֻʱʱÿһʱ䶼ޱ
ʱƣԴ̬תԹޡʡӡΡ뷨Ҳȫƽ
ټʱʱҲܹǰʱ򣬲ͨĻ䣬ǰľһһ˳ҵ䵽صԭȥǰûзֵĺܶµϸڡǸǸˣҲ룬Լûڲ֮ʲôöԷòԼ¡
ûС
ȻǸˡ
ԷڹľԼǸŮôΪݵλĲҰģҰĸԷȫƥ䣬汻˹ƻ󡪡ҲԲµ¶ԷǸ翵ԺŪס룬ĽҲضá
ǣǸŮ˾ô޴
һʱ䶼ҪЦˣҲǸŮ˴СģҲǿԼǰĸһĴůʱ⡣ֻȥ룬ױ䣬ǰǸĳȴֻʣ˼޴
ҲǸ˽׵ǿߣȻѾѣҲӻ￴һߣѵԭҪҲͿˣܳȥŮ˲һֻϣҪ̫ġµʱǰѼкڲһȥ˼Ǽ׷ɱĵӵеľ
ЩҲԺ󣬰ԿʼʶﲻģԼѧЩؼϵؽûȴʲôԲϵԼЩϰ⣬ͻƵ˽׺󣬾ʱݣΪ׷ɱԵʣҲ鵽Լʱľʵﵽʲô̶ȣҲʶģ⡢ĥ£Լ׶εҲϤȵԺͿѸƿ壬ΪȽ׵޷ϸٿԼ
ЩҲٴԹ󣬰ֿʼؼ֮ݸʺԼľУÿһǿ߶ӦӵѧؼġֻʺԼľУЩǿԼŬģóһξĵʱ̣еĳһЩҲԴʺԼؼؼǿ죬ȻѾﵽ˰˽ףͲֻǰĶҲýѧ£ҲýԴ
ÿ춼ԼʮַæȻڲεţͬʱҲ֮ӿֳһɾ񣬲ںͺܶʶһʱȥ󼸺ʶֻƾ豾ִܺݡж
ǺܻԾģҲǺܰġйأĿǰȥʱйأҲﻹһĨϣйء

һգԸݳһµؼֻڽʶʱûͻʩչʱ㣬˼֮СͻȻ䣬ĸ֪һԼ֮
֮أĻܿȥֻ¶Էʶ壬ʶ嶼ܿʧ
ЩûĻôģҲ֪ǻеϢĻѾȥʶ
Ϊ̫Զʱ֪ջ񣬰ڶβٵһƬռߣӦķȥ
Ȼ󣬼֪Ǹط
ףȻûп
ɻɲǣͼǰֳһƬɵ⣬ͬʱһпӰڳ΢΢ͷ
ԣòˡ
һ㶣ȻٷӦǵģǸϤеģ׵ģ
ôλͻȻֵӰĪǾǡ׵Ǹˣ

ӰȻǸ׵ˣǡ
ڵִ֮صʱԪͻһƬ⣬׽һ𣬴ʶ壬ʵʵţͬһˡ
ʵϣҪһµġ
ֵӰ磬Ϊ֮ϵͳںϣסǿߣԼĺۼҲסԼһϢԵøбƸɲ⡣
˵Ԫǡ￴Ӱ˵ʵǴŷֱӴݵ֮ڣֱӸӦ
ʱһ۾ͿƵ꣬Է֮ƺûͦʵɢұ仯ϢǰҲΪǿֳһЩ棬ƺӰڽǻܿ̿ʲô
ҲûţһС˼ʱ򣬲΢Ūһ㶯ע⡣
ȻǺѸٵزѸٵҡͷβѸٵءҲ˲΢΢¸߰ͷ˹ģ

Ᵽ΢΢
ǰҲݺǧɣ޴ͷǰĿʮϢҲΪ磬·ӳĵʲôǰҪϼͷƵġ
ˡ
ò˵ⰽԱ꣬ĸоԪľͬԪûαװʱ꾡Ҳǰģ໹ӲĿ͸ҲǳģûԵ
һͷͲͬˣʹֹҲɢޱ޼ʵİ˫Ŀ¶⣬һֲֺܿİԵϣֻҪ΢ܴɽƼ¡
ʱһ䡰òʱʹݳһ
ԣ֮

ûţܿظ˵Լһε⡣
ѾðԵݻص˺壬ҪһʣԾʲôѡ
ڽϢȫݵԵԺָǰһ㡣
γһž޴嵥϶µ¶˰Եǰ
嵥ϣгĿǰԵʲ
ѡǷҪȫ۳ȷԺܿ츴ʱʥ棬ٻһֿԳһ£ֻ߻뷨
֮һ̵֮ǺͰֿˡ


313 ֱӸ
˼
Ȼ, ͼǰٴ嵥תƵһԣĵطһƬĻ, Ļ, չֵһصĻ档
, һһģһٿȻԭʧĵط, Ѹ׵ĿߺΪһͷҲһģһǧɾȻص, ײеķֽ֡Ǹ澡ȥ۵ʹֱ͡, ķӦͬһģһ
ɣǰ֮ò֪ʲôΪˡ
Ȼֻʣһ, Ҳ⽩Ӳһ˲
ԼĸоȴϤ͸һİ, ԼǸԹߣͻȻһԼƵ, оǡ΢, һѾ

΢ЦŵȴԵĻش, ǺҪġ, λϿˡʲôľ˵׬ġ
ԸôӣΪʵ㣬ǸС£е㷢顣ڲͬ, ˵, ȴҲǸḻ, ˵ıǸǿˡǿĿĴ滳ɡǰܻЩıʵ, ܸϵͳ, ʲôܸɲҸɵģ˵С˻ϵԪжȫòҲΪ̫ᣬٹһЩ꣬ʵȥˣǸԪǿǿ֣ηˡ
ֻŻᵣⵣǣ봦ûһ㹻ǿƨ

˼˺һ뷨ǸԸ㸴ģĲҵҲҪԼȥӪٿء
ֻ嵥ϵԴҲܶ඼ڲһЩȶԴȴЩȫóۣܻȡǧķңĶˣһףҲý
ȥʥ顭
дݹϢ֪ʥʥʲôҲԸǰȥһĿǩԼҪǰ»̵߽ǣǲûôʱ򲻿ɡ
Ŀǰ״ʵҲûôʱȫϾԼеĵλûгȹ̣Ҫʤ׷ѸٵֲСʵԶֵǣҲǶݵģ˭ҲȷֵܾһͻƵ˽ףЩֵͷԶԶģǵĸҲǿƸۣһԶռϷ硣˳Щţλ׵ҲήͣȡԴͻѡ
Ŀǰӵ8ֻڵ磬룬ƺҪôȥ翴һֻԼ˸İѿأԺҲиԴȹĵλ
ҲǴӵͼ߼Ǵǧ֮ϻ9磬ñضӰǿٵһȣ8类ϣԺ9Ժѡһȥ̽
ôƺȳһԴ취
ֻʲô취Ҫ˼һ

ԻԼ˼
л⣬ȫ۳ԴǳΪʥ飬Զԣв⴦
籾һֱŰԵϢ仯ôһ˵üԪԼαװһ£ݸԡ
ӵ˼ǣȳ۲Դ
ǵͷ΢΢
Ц⡣
ƺţҪ־ԴǷȱ㿪ڣ
Ե˶ͷϣȻ¶һ˿˼顣
̫⡰˼Ҳ̫ԣе㾪㤡
úЦѸԼõĽ顣
ӳһ壬ʵǿڴ˼֮Уе֡
жԣ磬ҲСǧǧߣҪѪѪʵ
Ӳһ
΢΢˶١
ڣʱȻҲԭǵ⣬ҲһӦĵرǱ֣ٸ١
Ȼû˵˼Ƿǳԣ
ףʵĻȥ԰Ե޶ǿеģͷƷ׸ߵľͺ׬ǮȻˣ˽׵׬ģô壬ѵûһѪģǶǿİôһͷͷȻһѪļ۸񲻸ߣѪֱ𣡾ڲ㣬ȥѪϼܾˣܲ㣬ԼأģȫֱѪаףʱӲŶ۸ͯŶ벻Լʸǿһ㣬ԺͻƻŶϽ룬ãԺ󻹿ȥŶ

һͷܴľҲȺŻûĸͻƵ˽ףΪôͣҲеǱ̨ʡ
һ˲䣬Ҫŭģŭûˡ
Ѫʵ綼һЩıƵ˸Ҵ⣬οǿԹͨУûʲôֵġͽյһЩͨѪҺϢü۸񻹲۵ҲܴƺܻӭϸҲòһֹԺС
壬ԭǼΪ߹壬ѪҲǼΪ죬Ӧܻӭ
̫Զˡ
Ҳ˼ǲѪһԴĲ۸ϣλ֮˵˿ȥԴܵȵȽ飬ʵϿֻвȥԡȥܡȥŪѪȵȣΪһƷ׼ߵߣʹ֪ӦǺܹƽģʵҲĽԼһֱݡ
ԼԼ£ĵġ
ô
ֻһ·ˡ
ԳĬ˼ʱ䣬ϵ˾
ͷǹңѾ
΢Цŵȴģ廹֣ģλһƣ˰ӡ
һ̬
Ѫ۲⣬Դ㲻ˡ
еѪΪΣ
ҳ㣬Ҫ츴
Ц
ϲĺӣѪĺӲõĺӣ
̫ˡ
Ѫչ۲1000ңһξһǧˣ˺һֱӸ㵽εĺѪʣµЩۣۺֲˡ
ãá
Լ۱ߵƷԴֲˡ

˽Ժ԰˰Լ䣬ԪԼѸǰʧ
ЩȻĻϲԼܾ츴
ͬʱԶں塰ԡסԪĲʶھӴΪһͷ΢Щľھ·һϵͳĿƲʵܴĴͰ
ţϳһӡ
ϵʳ޵Ѫ
ѪܳصģɢζҲǺŨصģ˵ôѪʹӴзֶΣҲɻڵǿעǡ
ûС
ͰѪԽԽ࣬ʢͰ
ŹƬʱ䣬Ǿϵ˿ڶȻʧһѪͰûµѪ֡
ĿѾˡ
һ˲һⲢһƬڵۣҲȻӾϰ䡣


314 
һк, ±һߴӣֻһĨѪۡȫʧԭ, սûажϼ, ֻȡǧѪһö۲һٽ⣬档
, һ̤ա
ûκܷټϢı仯, ڳܿĽ³һСУǽ, ͨСն

Ŀ֮ʧ, Ҳ֪ԼҪȶãʱԭء
ʱ˵岻, ܵȶ, ֻžˡ
ǰҲû뵽ԼҪϲûüƽ, ǰһ, ͳһȺܹӵĴš
, ֮š
֮߳һģӰ, һǶһ, ģӰ, վһ쳣Ϥˡ
Լ

ģӰ֮Цһ¡
, ѪѾȡ, ϷѾ㹻
˵Щ, ֮΢΢һ١
֪ҪǱ
Աֻ븴ģǱȻҲ룬ֻǵʱҪѪ⣬һʱ䵹ˡڱôһѣеĬ
Ҫ
֪Ǳ֣Ҫʲôĵر
ģӰЦЦ
ģȻĿǰѾͨԵȼߣУȴֱܲɼֻɽ½յ챦ճһǱıҩг֣ԽҩɡǱҩʺϵϣֵҡ
ٴγĬ
򡭡
һĶѧ۸еļֵҲֻڰҶѣԭеĹǿԳ۵ģڸʱȻۣµԴȥգõĿ࣬ȴҲǴղ
磬Ѫɡ
׺󣬰̾˿
ڵõ֮ǰ뵽ԼҪѪһա

ȻǰˣͻƷǰ֮ν·Ҳ̫ϡٴ˵Լ
ͷһ㡣
л㣬Ըһݱҩ跨ңѪг

ȵľ仰
ȻԸ⣬Ȼܺá
˵䣬ָվԱߵġԡһ¡
ǡԡһͷСǧɾô࣬˫̥Ƶģ
󣬾޴ѪƬ⣬Ԫȥֱʧߣ޺޼ģְ갽Ըһ¡
޴϶һЩڣ̫Ӵˣǵ㴴޴ϣǿģһָر죬ûӣûĵطѿûƬĵطµƬʧЩѪȣ治ʲô
ţ統ŰԵ棬̯ơ
ٵس˸ģǳŨһһչʾԿ
ȷʵˣҲȷʵ֣ЩĶ߽׵ģдﵽ˽׵ġ
ƷģֻһֶҪʮˣɱҩ۳ƺҲôڡ
ܿ죬Χƣȫ𡢰ȻıһġİԶֱӵƣϵؽмѹ̬Һ̬ٽͲ֪ôذһһŵɫҺ塣
һãָһֻС룬ǵɫҺֱͶС룬߷
ҩѳɡ
һֻС롣
ȷıҩһַǳĸо꣬ܲԼӦżô
治
ţԿߵ˶漴һ˫ӲɫʵĿʹʧ⣬ܷ֣ʶ岻ˡ
ԱߵӴ˫۽գͽֻѡ
С롣
СֱȥеĵɫҺôϣ˲û壬Һ٣ҲһɲǼ䣬·һ㡪ƺƬĥøҫˡ
Ҳ󣬰Իûüı仯ͷһסԼȻֱû뵽֮ڡ
ǼʱȥٴۣʱбŷĹʾͲģޱ޼ʵİԵһԼǱӰԵ⺷
Գڣл֮
΢΢һЦˣԵӣڵҾȸˡָһһϿȻȥſ°ɡ
ԵȷܸܵԼȻһ°㣬ԪָǱҲһԽǳֵá
ƾϿûԼĻҪٶȱʾһԼĸлȻٿǸʱͷ֮⣬Ҳٴʧˡ
һΣӦ뿪ٻ

ٴ˳ӰǱ޶㹻ѪԴﻹģ֮൱ȻҲⲻźôһǸöãʱضԴȡҪԴҪ֪ǰ˽׵ĺټһҲûʮѣǿģֻǸһ8ǧȣ˽׺ļֵ١
Ȼһ£ϧһ¡
ӴԺ˸˽׵ĿˣǶһ鷳Ҳǲȥ˼ӵûˡ
ĻһʱԺֻҪԽһԼĵλôλӣͷҲΪ̫ˡ
类⣨Ԫ뿪ֱӻص
һˡ

ǣA󸽽
A⣬ʵ⼸ȽϳĴѧټѧУγһƬѧǣѧڶ࣬кܶСԽ֡ҵҲｨ͡
ͬΪѧԵʣﵽҲ֣неѡֵܵȣҸСӳԷ߿ӰСֵȡ
Ҳ⡣
AŮ֪ԴϻۣгǺܻӭģиסĶŮһ΢ֵ൱ɰĹﱻԼҸУ꣬ǴԼһ˷һȥһ桢Ҫȥʲôġ
лСޱȻ飬ƽʱҲϲ±˵棬Ҫдһƪģû취ֻҪһ̯ʱԼ뿪ȥɿҵ
ҲģûֹֻһߴклСޱһΡ
лСޱΧ·֪˶ٱ飬ѹҪͣȻܾˣҲ˾ۻᡣ˵ˣǸʲôˣԸߴкûʲôо͸ᡣ
лСޱһߵġ
·ϵ˻ܶ࣬ҹҲ֣İûú¡
ֻлСޱվһӵʱȴǰиˣǳͻأҲǳ㤡
ô£
лСޱͣ˽ŲԼһת飬ֻһţȴʱİȫС
֪ǲǴ񿴵һֻرֵҰҲѹǸӵס
һ룬лСޱͫ
һͷɢѪͬһʱ̣淢֨֨ľ׽˴һֲֺܿԤС


315 ںϣ
лСޱһĨ, ҹ˸Ǳ˵ʱкܶ˿־ؼܡҲû̷Ӧ, һģкǱ߿, 趯ĳͷ, Ҳŵøε, Ӵܡ
ͷֻ趯źÿģƺȺĿ־, ҫһ˲, ̵£ž˴˹ȥϮһһ˫ץԱץܶ߰ĶͼֵеĶͷɣһҽ, ͷͱԴˡ
лСޱֻһ, ҲϽȥ
, ͷڵδ, кüдӺ𣬸ŨصѪζΧɢ, ǾĿͽк
ֱһ·, лСޱסֱ̱࣬ϡ
ǿ, óֻͨһ绰
Ǳ߽ͨúܿ졣
лСޱ, ٵؿڣ
С, ղҸȥԷ, ʱ˳˵֡
Ӧְɣͷܳûҿ
ԣԣǳ˵ģҿˣ
ѪأѧУҹѹӵģû
˺üˣˣøϽ˹ȥС
ãã֪ˣҲȥ
ţתء
СҲСġ
绰лСޱ΢΢һ㡣
ܱ֮侲ֻΪСϵõĹڼǰܣҵⲿѵΪԷĺѣȥԷμߴҲԷ˽ϵת飬ҲǹⲿŶһ͸ģԭڵǰ緢˱仯ʲôΣաתԺȷһְȫУ֮ǰҹĿ־Ҳôأô侲۴绰ͨԼղſĻ棬һЩԼĲ²⡭
лСޱ˰Ѻ
ֻϣܾ½ֻ̫ţȻĻ
£ҵӶùġ

һͷҶͨϽȥԼĶӳ
ǵģӳ
ܵʱ䲻ˣھѵ֮Ϊȫ¶ȱ˵ԵʣΪǳ̿࣬ܿӵһսҲȺܶһⲿŵ߸챻ŵһСȫȥɡ
ˮƽѵľѪνܴ̣һʱĥϺҲǱȽӵġ
Ķӳԭŵһʿܿ˷ڴӷеõϢҲɿشһ绰ֱӰ鱨ϱֱ˾
һǰܶڴʱ򻹱Ƚ࣬ҲȽϻǵԺ󣬸ط¼̫ˣҪͱϼӿ죬˿ӡǱ𿴷ǸյõϢϱǶӳһͨϢٵزϴܿⲿŵⰮҪĹǣͳͳ֪¡
ңµõǵӡ
Ȼ֮ӣҪΪ²ǵһġ
̶һʱƵ鷢ȫٶȱˣͬʱðƬҲⲿ߼ʱȥֹǹԷսսĹ̺ͽһЩͳͳϱ
ڣ۶A󸽽ҹҲͬ£Ϊʱ˶࣬ɵܲء
ϱٶģйȴǳ졣
бΪܼĵطⲿŵܲҲķȻҲǸܵģвҲоһֿԼظŨȵںֵܶаװ˵ȻйϮ࣬˺ܶˣһܿ챻صҰת
һΣûκη֣󲻾ãоֱӴϢȷµʵԡΪͬߵ˱ˣȻ󾯷ٲ鿴ֱͨͨϱ
Ǿĵ㣬ûܼص
ĿǰѾϵֳڸǸɱϱĹҲѾСӵĳԱѸٹȥ֧ԮĿǰӦҲڽս֮С


ò˵޶ӰԺٴθܵԼʵ㣬Ҳ˸ʱ
ԪȻߵģÿʵСͻƺøͬʵ֣ǱͬʱսʱõĻԼҲкܴĺôԼõģĹ֮˵֮ҲС
Ƚֲˣֻ½ȾԼĻ㹻࣬Ҫٽһȹ̵ʱٴθԪս
Ȼ˳ʱͻȻ䣬ԼϵϢʾ
лع񣬴ϵͳ塣
˽׸羣ϵ˽ġ
˽Ĵ򿪣ȿ˽ĵݺ㶡
ȻתͷߵˣʣԪˣ
ԪûйעģڼȻᵽһֻӣѾ֪ǰȥ
ͷǸںˡ
磺
磺ɶ
ļڽôԪָںϣںϿɲһ¡
ҲãԪŪ
ȻԪһһ۵ظش𣺡ڼʱһӣͼûɣںϡ
ɫ΢˼ǡ˶٣ҪǣҪͷͼ룿
Ԫͷе磬ԽԷǵ״ǻûг׽ǰɣͿСĴ۰ǱԼһ֡
ɫѿˣ֮ǰһֱͦģû뵽Ϊ֮ûԼļıʲôأ˾ƽţȻԣ
ĸ磿Ԫ
Ԫ˵һ磬3İ硣˵ԺǺ⣬һνɹӦܳΪ3硣

ҲΪɺܳΪ3Żᱻͬ3İ翴УԷһǸûᡪԭѹͬͣںϵļʺСҪںϣҲض֮佻սңпܾˣǺܲġ˭ڽĽҪͷأֻҪܳûɣ籾Դ󣬷ܸĺôֻҪʱѡһĶԷɳɹںĲһȼ°ܴ3һԾΪ5ܴٴνΪǧʱ䡣
ر6׵Ĵǧ硪׷һ㡪ҪˣעǻݣǳͻԴ˷ѡ
ڵǿ˵һڷ⣬ֵððյģڶԷǶðգһĻԵ

Ϊ֮ȻҲֻһ£Լ类һ£ܲŭ
˱ۺʣĿǰûˣ
Ԫ˵ûС
Ŀǰİ粢ûſУkȴɶɵģǵĴڡ


316 ܾ
ŭ, Ԫ˵kǡ˶٣˵ϵͳǹ۲˷Ľ, ѵɹϣ𲽻ָΪǧ, kҪܾˣʧǧ硣
ǲֱв, ֻϵͳײɵ, Ϊ˰һ̶ϿȴϵͳȥҪΥkǱܵ¡κڷֱ˴˺󣬻ںϡɶĽ;֮һ, ǵkǵıܡҪϵͳǿҪԷ»ᴥ񾭣õkǶų
ʼռǵ, ĵھ̫߿Լ, Ϊϵͳ´󼪣統ɶ, Ҫϵͳһ, Ľ֡
Ȼ, ֻΪһ¾ͻһᱻɲأԺֻ»ϡɫ۾ˡ
, ľǸ
ƽ͵

Ԫ§ס, ʶٵشݳȥ, ǰнӴ
ӺԪˣۿ硣
ʣô
Ԫ˵ܾˡ
ɫ׺ˡ
ǣ֮⡣
ܾǱܣмֱӽ5磬ôΪġkΪ˽ΪϵͳһֵģɵkеΪϼȡϢ𲽽ƽȵǺƽȣϾǵһһ֪ҪѶ²ܴﵽ5ǰǽݾkôϷԺԺ˵粻ܳΪߣվҲֻ޵ʱϵͳһ޵ʱ䣬ٶδõkΪ5硭
һ˵ˣԵͬ
Ǿ仰һ£ŭһ¡
תԽȫ̵ڰŸոϣ绹ûͨkǱֻܴݹһЩӱǵ֡óɱһЩؼȥ취ɢǣǵʵΪ˶ԿӦûһЩٶǿԽԼƷ׸ߣǿԽ࣬ȵ˴ʱǾԽеֿҲкܴİ˼ţսʤãݵΣգ;ȥ飬ʵkǷԸзеĿǽǽ⡣һп˽ǵΣõͿԷɰʱӵıԴ㹻֧꣬кܶʣࡣ
˵⣬͸űƵģԪǵ磬ȻkѡҪҼǾͲظkſˡkҪϵУҲʱߡһ¡źŲôƲƲ죬ҲǸƽϵͳҲkſڼҲſȵ˫ĲĽԺȻͻٻָſͨеġǸʱ򣬰ҲǡԼˡˡ
ԪôٲƽüЦģҲȻһ˿ŭ
ŭȻǶǰģŭ
һµ
Ԫ§ýЩĴףһذ
ŭ
Ԫ˵á
翿Ԫϣغ

һٿ˿Լ˽ġ
羣ϸȫ֪֪Ŀǰڸضй֣Щ￴Ǳ֣ǳªʵǳǿ󣬶Ϯ˵ʱ򣬲ӦᱻоԺзļ
Щⲿŵע⣬оԺѾȫоǼ߸С۲ŪĹʬ壬ҪҲܼ쵽ǳֵ
ĿǰĽչ
Ԫ֪ʲô˵ڵ嵥ĸ߾о˲ű뵽͡Ⱞ
ͷʾס
ⲻ⣬˲ŲõʱԮҲҪǸԮĺ㹻죬˵ɴԷ
ϼŷϢҪԭ򣬾Ϊ֪A󸽽ҹгԷͬУɱˣȻ֪ûܵܣǻᵣģԱһ¡
ھԼô֪ôϸڵģҪԭⲿǱһֱͨϢͨҲС
ֶϢһ濴Լ׸ʵʵĹģе㽩Ӳı飬
ԪҲɢŭ
ܵһҲû˸ϢȻԺ͸Ԫһصȥˡ
ô˵Ըһ˷Ĳǣ

Ͽԣ֪ܵҪһԷЦ⡣
ΪеĻ£ܱܵ˴˶иԵҪҲиԵİҪˣټ˫ʵȣƽʱûоϵǷֿӪġֵֵܾܣ鵱ȻڷΣջҵܵܣܵҲһˣ˰ġ
ʱʵڿᡣ
߶ˣܶ඼ŵĹ㣬ҲкܶߣģڽѰоͰܵѵĽ㡣
ƽľ϶ֻ࣬ͳֻȻΪڣһۣۿɼºķӦӹɣϢһǾܵĵܵܡ
ţܶϢĻܵķӦ΢ͬġ
һʱ䣬ҵڶְԱǻһۣ˿
ͨʹǽòżӰˣʹڿᣬݻʱûͷҲᵢ̫õġ
ȻְԱ۹һ󣬾ǸԻȥдһݼƻ飬Ȼɢˡ

һεĻص㣬ʵҲЩΪزԵʣȻҲһЩ˵Ŀֻš
ڵϣѾǼȶʵûдؿı仯ͨϵһЩֱƽ̨һЩ̳֮ĵطѾ͸¶ܶضǱĬظṩϢûĻܣͨЩϢԼܣҿҵ𰸣õ֪ԼôرԽԽĳ֣ӿӦٶȡ
ѰܲھУߵϢͨĹǸֶΣҲõһЩϢٿҪ¼ԼеĽļƻʱҲô£ȻҲǿֻ֮࣬صġ
û˻᲻˼ʹɢ˻ؼ롣
ΪǶ֪״ƭԼͿ·ġ

ϣϡ־˾ۺҲϵǡ
ѱһЩƽʱAϿҲȽ϶࣬磬ΪҲп˵ԵʣΪԼʵݣʱҲûԼʧԼԪȥ/еļȻЩҲ֪Ԫ١ģֻΪλҪȥԼʵȥʲô¡иŵСҲᾭ١ԪʱȥȻҲȻġ
AѧϮֵúܴȻѾˣкܶϢסġ
Ͼ죬ϾĿ̫ˣڵѧǶٶԼ


317 ̸ֵܻ
Ҳɺ, A󸽽Ϯ¼СǼöţСܵӻ, ŮܾͱȽϵСµȥʾĵʱںȺ׳ءԣ׺İ׾ǲҺȵ, һѧУҲϮ, ̫ܲȥΪʲôլΪҲͦæ, լҲû, Ǳ߾ԼһǸ
ȸţ绰, ȴֻǱ໣ϴԪϴǿˣ̫˰Ǹϸ, ҷƬˣ
磺
Щ첻ܻôá
ţСֻͷЦΣȻҲǱٵÿЦãǷû£ɴءĻǣȥģܶҪ֮һһıҪȥϿΣҲҪһ
ֱǡⱲӾûôСġ
֣ˣſ˵, òŵġ
æսʲôʲô
Ц˵ҲǸһһӣ
̧ܺ˸첲, 鴮Ūû졣
˵ӿԵס⹥, , ҲԵסġ
ϲ⣺𣡡
ǱţСܶǳЦ⻹ʣϴ˵Ŀ϶ģ۾˵ʱȫô¡
Ǳ죬æ鴮ԼȦˡ
ʱžò˼
ɴֶ˵䣺鴮Ҫǵֵа͹ĹǶںжĹҲõģÿֵһΣϵĹâͻ䰵һЩǵʮ˿ţһſʹáǷһҲûϵʮ߿Żãֱʮ˿Ŷ䰵ˣ鴮ǳûˡѣ鴮˰鴮ǵֵҲҪûߣⲿŷֲȥҲСĿǰÿҲģԺߵӣĻ࣬Сӽ񣬳פȡ
ԵͶƽ͵ɤ渵ʱǱߵ侲ˣţСȻǱܵӴ󣬵Ҳ˵ȫġĻǶԼ֮ҪôˣȻûʲôɾŵġ
ʮ˿أֻҪŬ·ͲӲȫĵط
ߣ簲Ǻ֪Ǳ߶ûʲô£AҲתţ̧ͷһԿӵļ˰ˣһ
ϿĿº͡
һ£˵磬ε£µøⲿŵϲϵһˡ
ϼҲ΢΢ࣺô֪ʲô
֮̾ǰյϢ󣬾͸˽š
һ
˵ңǵ类һ綢ˣڿںϡ£˵пܱԷɡ
ʱҲ˹;ϵıҲ

˵ĹǽĵȼǽҪͷ緢֡԰硭ЩʱϺҲ֮նúܳء
ϳ˵һᾡǱϵ
ʵҲⰮǱûмʱԣΪҲ֪ڽգֹط룬ΪǽлеĽ׶Σֻ취оԺоǱġ
ͷǵĴؿˣʹڽ绹ӱ൱ʵֻǵƤ׺ܼӲԸҲѪԳڻһЩ鷳ڸǽսʱҪҵǵɱǣӲӲ鷳ǵʵϾҲף鷳ǵ΢ڲǸտʼ˫ոսӴʱƣӱԽԽ죬ҲԽԽࡣľ˶ͨˣһǽǣȺȺдͨûüӦ֮ǰȱǳԵˡ鷳ǣǵԽ٣ɱԽ࣬ǵҲܵӰ죬ڸĽУҲ·磬ܡ
ϵͷóʵٰҪҲţͬűʼǱڼ¼
ԪԱ߲գΪĸȼԳΪħ飬ǸҲʱΪħ硣͵ȼħҲ׵Ľӱһ׵Ǳħ飬׵ǽħ飬׵ħ顣ӱǵ̬죬еķǳŹ֣ҲеĸϵĳЩһЩơһ׿ʼħǵ̬ο£ħһ׵֮䣬ҵħǸߣʱħ鼸ѾȫͬòҲ̬ơħһ׸ߵġͽħô׼һ׵׶пܡ
ϺֵȻҲѸٽЩϢҪȫ
翿Ԫϣ˵磬ҾǵͨҲҪһЩԼʵˡĿû취ٳɣٶȷ滹ǿѵġ˶٣һЩؼرòɿֻŵķʽøҲһЩǵʡ
ڴֵָͣһ¡
ֿʱᣬϸϻܵܣĳ
ûзֻʣôģ
˵ҲûŰ׸׸ĶǲϧģɴȫϢϷϷϷ취ͻйؼõؼԺ󣬷ֲȫϢ뿪йôȻҲԸ̿ˡ䣬ȫϢϷôȫˡ룬ҿȥһռ䣬˵ȫϢϷʵϻϷ뵽ռȥ
ƺҲ̫գȥĻս˺Ҳڣ˵ҪҲԸǼĿϵǵķȫϢϷȫȫϢǰȫϢռЩҲ̫ǿп϶жģʱǹæҲǿԵġ
Ľ飬˼
ûпԣǾкܶҪע⡣磬ҪøôȫϢϷҲ뾡߲С
Ϸ⣬ϷЩҲ㹻Ĺؼ֧ţҪĵķҲֵټǰͷʽ϶ҲǲģȫĲ𡣿˵ȫҲУǵĹ磬ǲܣѵշ𣿼ǱһɣΪеĿˣȻܻŵģܲħ죬ǲ䣬ʶ˻ȫˣĿɼȫħ飬رЩħ黹޶ȡͱ֮ǰֵЩӱѵܣ粻ǹ磬ҲģҲ̫ˡ
˵һⲿ̸һ̸ȫϢϷؼǾһЩҪⲿųԴȡɡ
ЦЦ磬ģȾ߻ҸԪ׬˺ܶ෨ңнȥѼԴҲܶࡣ߼Ĺؼѣ׺µⲻȥⲿģǵ뷨˵ǲȫϢϷôҲÿǡ룬ҾⲿſܻѲֹѿŸڣȫϢϷԷŽȼߵģʱ򣬿Կɸѡϵˡ


318 ׼
ô˵, ָϸһô˵ȻҪҺģôǰõĶˣ֮˵ס
ֺԪԱ, Ԫ, һ㿪ҲǸ, ֮ǰǾѾйһЩĬ, һЩԼ뷨ʣüƻ©
̸һ, ˵ҺͰԪһʽô䣬磬Ҫⲿϵͺ, ׵ĹؼҺͰԪϻҪ˵, ˵ϻѰô̯أԺҪߣȹǼҵĸҺͰԪһˣҪ治, Ҫȫ˶Ͷȥ·ûˡ
ԪҲ˵ʱ仹ţϸǮϡָָԼָָ磬Ƕˡ
ЦȻԪǾŽװ, ԼĽ, Բôˡ
ϡѵԡ
Ц˵, ߸ȫϢʲôİ취, 𹦷ؼʱоϸúøⲿһ£취취ҲףǸõֵĺôҲҪõ֣úõ¸ܶҼɿİ֡˵⣬ƤգգۣҶˣϡҲԾ£֮⣬һԿߣ֮ڡⲿŵȷйɽҪѰҲǺȥ
糯Ĵָ
ŭѾˣڣܹܱסǵģԺзȴУ֮ǰһöŬһǸأȻԲ󣬿ҪǱԼħеĿ˵ȻáȫʵҪġ
ںϲǼ£ر編̫͸ѣںٶȾ͸׼ʱҲСѰ϶ҲڸҵĺռݸĻȨСЩͲˣҲʺϲ֣˵ṩʽͦõġ
ֵĴ㣬ͺܺ˼
ϼܵܺͰ˶ô˵Ҳ⣬ͷ粻˳٣Ҳ̫ȥⲿ绰
һ֣˵ȥɡ
ҡҡͷȥһԲˡ

ⰮǱ߶ԾǺӵģƽʱҲʱʱϵϾͬΪˣпˣͬһҵģͷҲˣ˵Ȼͬˡ˵ôҪʱǱҲܼӰ಻Ӱࡪÿ춼ڼӰࡪֱ˵˸طþֱӹȥ
ϴһⲿš
Ⱞĸڴţ˹ߵǰһ·ִµ㡣
ûǵµĵ㣬Ҳ˶ֶΡƼֶΡйֶβõģⲿܲһġڵع֮ء͵ֻһˣһǷоɹĵط
Ⱞڵ칫Ϻֺǽһ޷
Ϊ˹룬һŽһпŽģϾϱҲƫڹңǸˣԾϵ̬ܺá
ⰮЦʵ˵ɡ
ϵ˵ͷҲûӣֱ˵ڳ£֪ԭˡ
Ⱞɫһݣ˼ǣ
ϸֱ׵˵ǵһ죬ڱԷɡ֣ص˵£ⲿǿ˽ѯȷϵġ
ⰮͲΪϻ˵ѣڸǵһ
ɣ
Ҳԥٻſ壬˽

ھϡȥⲿ֮ܲԪҲһص
ĿûģҪȥѰһʵİλ棬ɺʵռ䡪ĿǰЩҲ˵ڶˣֻ˵ռ䱾ʵͲλʺϡ
ϾռǱɵģֻװ
ǰĶξ飬ԪλνǼ죬ûãѾѡλ棬һһ
Ȼţͷֱȥ
λŨȶһϣӽףźֲܶûڡϸȥλĵζƫͣҲǱԪ֮ѡһİλ棬ӵľ㡣
ϸųˮһģȻʣµλУѡ˵ġ˵Ⱥɽɭ֡ϿȡԭԽ֮࣬ԽڲͬĵطҲȫϢϷ
ѡԺٿԪ
ԪŵЦ⣬˲ַңλϵɸһģһģЩֲҲûаγǿ˿ǵ̫ܼķɢλĲͬλãһ׶࣬ԲͬһطꡪʼĬģŲֲ¸Ҫ˵ΪλΪ˾ܵǿԾԲһġҡռƷ׵ֲҲúܶԴͬʱһСȻԷ´ڶطǾ/˵ϷҲᵱbugֹ
糯ԪЦЦԪȷ⡣
ǾɡգգۣȰУ
Ԫͷֻ̧һƬ⡣
ɫ˿ߣذλסȻԪ΢΢̧֣˵ǰλͱɫ˿϶ѸٵسԪķɹ
Ԫһ§ס磬һɫ˿ߣ˲ʧС
һ˲е˽լ߾ԪǸλ棬Ѿ˴洢һ¿ٳĿռ
ٶһֻۣص˱С

翿Ԫϣһɳʼ塰ЩؼᾧĻؼǶԼѧģõԺʵҲԶһʹáֻҪԼöʹõȷʵѧˡ
ԪὨ飺ϸȥⲿˣһЩԺ󣬿ⲿǱʲô㣬䡣
룬Ҳô£Ǹɴ˵Ա߿ŰɣԪѡҸڵѧЩؼʡ
Ԫ粻ͬǲûʲô飬վҵ磬Ҳѧ˲˰飬˻飬ԵڣҲһݰݼڡҪǰѾһɸѡֻǰ֮ҪͳһǾ磬ϲôͻô
ԪͿϵͳ壬ͬƷҳ档
ָһ㣬Ʒоֻʣ˲ͬƷ׵ĹؼһĽ׺ĽϵЩȫʧģ׵׵ġ
翴Ԫ΢΢Ц
Ԫٰһ£ЩؼͿٵʧǰģ׵׶Уһһ鿴
Ҳٵ
ò˵ԪΪϵͳɸѡǾ׼׿ףÿһֱѡĹؼжԣҲףҴ󲿷ֶӦΪѪߡôӦЩͺӦϵߡ֮ʵǿġЩҲǾѡģ̫ɬġҪʺԵĺ٣໹Եġ


319 ȫṦ
ȫ, İ壺ˣ
Ԫá
ѡĹؼܶ࣬Ϊڲ۸񣨳ɱۣкܶѹ硢ԪһȥĻ0ɱ, ҲǻһҶѡ
һ, ս, 㲻ʲô
뵽, һ, ȻпȻܰѰС˵ˣΪ˼ǧǽĻ, ·ǰءϰ
п, ϵͳҳϵһ˽ʾ
Ȼ֮һֱֵƽ׽ˣʱҲʵ, ȴһֱ˾ηġһ, ر̳ԺеĿǲ׷˽ŴġֻҪˣкҪ¡
㿪˽š
˽ŵ, Ⱞ
Ȼ, ҲԣʱӦѾⰮˣҲʱ˽Ź֮ȷϢʵˡ
һ˽ݡȻ
ȻӦĻظ

ⰮԼõĻظ
Ϣϸ, ϸϸһֲ©ؿк³һ
, ǶҲûˣҪģǸȫǰȾܵ׼
Ⱞ, , ʴ𣺡, Ѿ뷨𣿡
ϵͷûκӵ˼룬Ӧøʱˡ

ϺⰮ̸˺ܾã̸ԺⰮû˷Ѱʱ䣬Ѹٵˣһλᡣ
εĻϣⰮ˵Ѱ쵼뷨Ȼ˳ԣ֮½첻˯ҲƻҪ黹ܶ࣬ûаʱ˷ѡ

ȾϺֻʱѾǵڶˣΪߣ˵ûʲôƣģڽź̵õһȵķˮҲǸⲻһġ
Ϻһлл
ЦͷЦݺܲá
Ԫȥʢֱݸˡ
Ϻֵˡ
΢Ӻ󣬾ɳϣⲿõļƻ˵˳
ⲿͬѰϿȫϢϷϷҪļ֧֡ռ֧֡ؼ֧֣ϷĹҲҪϵԴʽɱҪԱ׼ȣȫϢϷɺҽϷȻ봽𣬻󡭡Ŀǰ˫ЭķֳɰͶķԴʽıǲ˫ṩĹؼɱؼ˫ṩͨùؼģǹؼ˭ṩģͶŹؼ£Ȩ
¾ϸкܳĺͬ˫ɳʦŽиϽġε̸ȷ
Ȼļ˫Ҫæͬ££Դȡҵ׼Ѿˡ£ʡʱ䡣
ϸˣûʲô
˵ѰҪĲҵ֮ǰҲΪܶǮһ㣬һʱ䡣
ԼԸæֻΪҵҲ˶Ĺ硣

ϣĿֻŲûг̫ʱ䣬ⲿŷǳ£̾͵˸ص֣ͣͬĳ򣬲оԺùʬоĸӦǣÿֳɲͬС飬ڲͬĽֵѲߡ⣬صľԱҲ᳤ڿмӣһĸӦ
˷ǳܵļֶΣٶȳֵʱߺ;ԱǻٶȸϵͬʱѾɵҲӦĲҽʧȥ˵ļͥٱˣҲһѣо߲鿴üͥǷгԱоܵһ֣սⲿţӦ
ľ⣬һֱӿṦѵ࣬ѵġϵѵƵҲͬһðְֵؽ̵ԸѧṦѵͬʱҲ˿ԹӪַṦҪӪ踨ģ۸ܵ
ùҵĻ˵Ҫͨ˴ﵽܶԸĵزھܣܶҲû취֮סôĴķѵȡǿѸиԱΣʱܡ
ȻѧṦֻ˵ѧףҲǵóһЩͷΪԼС˵һЩص룬Ȼкܶڶȥѧˡ
⣬ҲһЩٷݣ̵ܽһЩرʺӡģǲܵģȰѾѵṦϡ
ҵıּʱָڻ˺ܴİȫУرǺܶѸٷֹڹĲͬǼֱء

ⶼƵĹͬкܶߣЩͺڰҲͬˣǵҲһε¼УѸӦŬÿһȫҲٶȽ⣬ɹͲͬˣǵϲǲܵġ߶Ϊϲ񣬱ǵİȫڵȫҪԼǡһͥӵһߣǸֻǿĻǸͥһİȫԵģһûУǾֻߵȴӢ۳ˡ
ǵģǱ㻹һЩľӢ۵ݳ֣Ҳھ˵ĵ·ϡ
Ӣ۵жأǾ㻹ԾҲҪϢҪԼģǱߵĹÿγ֣ɾ޴ƻԵĹĿ൱࣬ۼȺֻɢߣȴӢ۸
˳ݵġûӢ۾ĲĹңǹҵνҡڵȫǸʲôǡ

һԱ֮£ȻǿˣڷϵĺܶƬƵ˱ڼ𺳣ϰṦʱر̿ʺṦͨﲢҽȵ˾ԮԺ󣬸˿⣬ϰṦľͷ͸ˡ
ڵӦǿģڹżѳɶֺҲ𽥽ʵٶӦ
ӦӦ˭ҲԸⷢ£ڳ˱šϰ࣬ͨġṦղǸɴլ˼СߵѧǣڼƵѧϰġǵСδˣܱҪҲҪǸѧϰʱ䡣
ֹ˸º󣬺ѰֳϷˡ
һΣȫϢϷ
ɹҳ汳顢ȫϢϷ
ӣصϷԷˣܶϷôȤ˶ˡ
ȫϢϷһ·ʵ˭ܲԣ
ǺӿָĹٷվʼȫϢϷϢ
ȻǾͷ֣ȫϢϷϷʽ

һǷգѾת˺öڳһʱ䣬ԸԼĹлСޱһԶٷ
лСޱţڷ绰Ժ󣬾͸Ǹ𣬸Ͻȥˡ
˻ǰȥĲ˸䡣
ѾһӵĲˣлСޱˣȳΧǽһŸȻźܱǸ˵СޱϴûǶԲ㡣
лСޱƤЦЦ֪磬û¶ʲô
ҲЦˣһ£֪ȫϢϷ𣿡


320 Ϸģʽ
лСޱȻ֪, ϢˣǶֻϵӵģȻȫ֪ҹΪɶ
֪лСޱʵ, ôˣ
ʣϷİɣ
лСޱͷ
Ǻࣺǵ, һҪѡȫģʽ
лСޱһ㶡

ȫϢϷģʽ, һǿɵģʽһȫģʽ
ѡɵģʽҪȫϢͷͷļ۸һһӵԺֻҪֵ㹻κεطϷ
ѡȫģʽҪȫϢͷҪǰضȫϢɣǩЭ, ÿСʱķΪʮǮ
ķʽڣʹаٷְʵϷҲᷴӳ, ϷйҩҲչֳͬЧϷƹضԸҩ, ĳˮƽʱϷ, ϵͬһһʾϣϷĿܣʷǳСųݳ˾⣬ң޲ò
, ϷģʽҲһ˴˲, ҿѡģʽ棬˺ſԹҲԷֿ
һģʽ淨ϱȵڶ, ʵҲȵڶֵͺܶࡪùٷ˵, һַʽ֪ԼȫϢ, ڶַʽͬһһ
ͬΪʵ, һѡ˺ŹôڵһģʽϷʱ򣬵ȼͼܵܵӵڶģʽϣڶģʽʱľ͵ȼȴԵڵһģʽϡ
֪Ϸʽϼ̱˼ҵۣܶ˶ɣһ־͹˼ˣڶǲе㼦ߣǸϷȴðʾȻڶģʽ㣬ȫϸȴǸȤˡǵĻ˵һŪøƵġ
̳ϵһģֻҪᵽͱȻᷭϸʮҳֹ
ܶЦƵĲ²⣬뷨ȫð
[ǰɲǰɣòİɣ]
[ʲôģ϶ġ]
[ǣŪóڶôţںҸϷҲȫص˶͡ȥɣҲ̫ˡ]
[ڹﰡʲôĶðôܱ֤һܣ]
[ɣоʱҲ̫ˣѧóϷҲûҪǣдôõĶʲôУ]
[ô˵ҿɾͲ˰Ϸôˣ]
[ϷôϷȫϢͿˣڶģʽҪģֱõѵͨϷǲе˷ѣ]
[ͲǸͨһˣ]
[ô˵Ҳǲܣй˵Ϸĥأ]
[ҿǾ̫࡭]
[ҲˣʲôֻϷ㿪Ȳȥˣ]
[ȥģʽ]
[Ȼ˺ſԹȻСӲѡ񣬳ѡҪ]
[ҲԣͷҾȥʱ򿪸Ÿֱ]
[٣ҿһȥ]
[ҾˣʱȰͷͷԹˮȥ]
[ҲеǵȲˣҾȥǸˮģ]
֮£̶̵ʱͷԤѾͻʮȫϢɵǰҲų˳ӡʱܽϷϷ֮ǰҪһſˡ⿨ڲֵǿȫϢյԿףпۿǵȫϢϷɻȱĶ

ЩУлСޱҲǲһԱ΢һ£ͻȻӦС̳ϵĲ²òİɣڶֵνȫ棬ʵģ
лСޱŵע£صһͷԡ
лСޱһѴϷˣ
һȻʧЦϸ˵ռȫϢϷѵǿЦݣСޱͨڻڲԱֵ֪ƵڻѵǿߵĻʹкܶ½ѡѵҲǲŵġǹôˣҪԼҪпȡʱˡ
лСޱ΢΢ضˡ
˵ڵڶģʽϷġ
лСޱʧʲô
æ˵𼤶𼤶˵лСޱģϽٽ֮ͣڶģʽΪѡһӹҲðվˣǽȫϢɵȫϢԺ󣬻ᱻ͵һصĵطǹ¼ٳλãγһƬ½̬Ǹط˺ܶҲ˺ֲܶժֲﶼԼģϷ̣ҲԴԼĲֿԸ˽ȵȡܻõҲܵõؼǶʵġڶԸʱЧؼҲҪԼѧϰһѧϰɹԼġֻҪԼס˹ؼԽ̸ѡ
ÿһŹؼʺѧϰһ˵ʺĳֹؼ˲ܾĿõǣҲһ˵һ˵ѪĳͥǡѧĳֹؼļҲѧϢʱᴫǵȵܶ˵õؼԼʵҲʹ֮Ҳ𽥹¡
վߵлСޱǰ§סһҪȥڶģʽȥСޱһʵȥƴɱԼܱԼҲܱߵˡҡϸԵֻҪǸĥ˵ҲлἤѪѳ
ܶʱ޷ΪڵѪŨ̫ͣ߻̫͡о֣ΣպǿˣҲϣԾѵġ
лСޱԼҹۻŷԼԭһֱ΢΢Ҳ֪η廹Ǽڣ侲ˣصͷ˵СİɣһŬġ
ЦЦһŬ
лСޱٴεͷš

Ϣ׽˵к֮ܶ࣬д඼ˣûܵѺͬݵģ֪ĶҲˡԭܼ򵥣˸׾ܣҲѪԸƴ˼άԾѧϰؼʱԡѧø졣֮˳ɹˣٽ곤˸ס
ǺȻģȫϢͷĹȻҪȥȫϢɵ˶࣬ѡڶϷģʽҲɽ˺ȫ൱

ļҲû⣬ͳһҪѡڶģʽҲ֪ģʽʵԪǡΪСкţţ߽㣬ȫҵϷѰģҲԪѯʹڸȷԺһ˼ѪƵġ
ǿ̫ˣУܵҲôȴͨˣĽ˺
ǣĥӲ֮£˻˸š
ҪȥŶӣǾʹõκһȫϢɡ

󣬶ȫϢͷ͹ȳ𽥽ͣҲʱϷʽˡ
ҡҪĸϷģʽģԽϷ֮С
Ϸ


321 Ϸ
պ, ģʽңԽϷˡ
ԪԼҼAſڡ
СܵиŮ, Ǻɺ۹ţվһ, ֻûϱ, ֵֻܸһˡȻǿƺûʲôܾٶ硢Ԫ, һŴĵ֮ģٴαˡ
ĬĬţ
ţ⣬һȥ
˶ϳ, ԿֱһȫϢɡ
׼һȫϢ硣

ȫϢɶôƷ߶ģڵĵطҲĻһеķضΣοһĽ, ˵ɣվſȵϵŽȥʱ, ȴһֶȻԽǼʱСر̧ͷʱԿĻ, ڲһ2d, ˵Ϸڲĳ
ҲΪ, ǵȴʱȻҲû̫ļٵĸо
ǼҲʵʵŶ, Ŷһ·ǰ, һ·ǰǵļ, ر
, ֮ǰЩһȺ߻ͳԱҹæµ㸱, 绹ⲿĴʻ, ԼĶݡо͸΢һЩ
أԽԽ̡
ۼСܸϱ֣ţܶҲԪ֣һۣ䴽Ц
Ԫ΢΢ᡣ
ǰСǷ׷׽ȫϢɣԪ
ſھˢĵط֤ǶǰģͿ롣ȫϢɵڲе졣
һĴǽҲǽɫһһеذ˴׳ȫϢաǳ壬·Ľţǹĳӣÿһ̨ȫϢյľ붼ǳӽһеĳ⣬ռݵ˵ܯ}ˡ
ȥѾкܶȫϢˣкܶվڲǰȫϢϵһ֮󣬲ոǾͻԶ̧¶ӣһ׸ߵ׳ɽȥԺ󣬲ոֻԶϡ
Ӳ⣬ǷˣΨһжȫϢǷ͵ķʽֻһոûвǰβġ
ǼѡڵļȫϢգֱҲ忨ǡ
ȫϢպۣ΢΢ͷ
¸Ҷһ
Ϊϣ⣬⻹䡭شһ¡
磺
Цһ²նİť
Ϸ

Ȼṩ˲ٹؼûв뵽ȫϢϷо֮УԶϷĸʲôֻ֪ϷӦã˴롣
Ϊʲô˵ǡࡱأΪϷûҲȷʵáײ벻ͬ͹ؼġ׻Ϸϵͳʲôһ׻߸ڵķ־緽ʽǴ0-4040ˣҲλɵǿȣһ۷塣
ҲͬǿоȫϢĴģǶ̾봫͡Ϊʲô˵ǡ̾롱ΪλĴСȱҪСһЩԪ֣ǶڱϿյȫصȫϢɾλ涼ڶ̾룬ͬȫϢңλʱ򣬵صҲڵصϿյĶӦ
һռ䲨оԼˣţͳһ޴
ȫϢҪСһЩ漷ĺܶല̣պñ͵һϣиӦƵĲͷȻԪĿԡ
粻ЦЦ
ԪһֱŴ͵ģҲȻѵġ
ܿ죬ûӺҲ½½ѹ׷׷̾
ȥʵز·Ͷûģ
ϲ˵𣿿ڴ·
ҵˣ͹ڴߵĹϣ
ܳǸƤҪҪôϽ
Ͻˣ
ǣ˵Ͻ·иף
ʲ
˷ߵļСҲѹ
۱ѵһ㣬Ǳ˶ѵ磬Ҳ⣬Ӹʶ֪Ԫ˺رʵҲǿˡ
ʱ򣬺СܱȻףЦ
ţҲؿʼһ·Ůңϸ鲼Ķ̴һ˫Ь׵ŽƬͷϣҲͬŮȫǸβ⻹һСƿӣŵǽҩӦЧܺá⻹һذףӲȲ
ֵһǣûṩǮҡ
Ϸͦ١
Ѿжҷɿҵط·ȥˣԪûŶֻתͷСǣʵ׼ĸߣ
ڽϷǰһ˾ˣǲһжǷȥ̽ԪͬеģСܺͺҲһ𡪡СֱܻţҲȡůҪ̫ĲҺ
Сʻûش𣬶һ߳㡱
⣬ï֣ܵȫǷǳߴľеļʹ̧ͷҲֻзƤһпռ䡣֮䴹źֱܶȻĻ¼䣬һ꣬˭Ҳï֦Ҷ֮仹һЩеҲ£վԭһͺθҲϴƵģоǳʡ
½½ˣ龰̲ס
ȥ
氡νȫϢ𣿡
ѰϷԶڹǰУ
ҿβǹǰУֱǰˣ
ûоãĸоرʵ͸ȥɭƵġԣɭɻֱ˼飡
ҶѪ궯
ʱһСܿܺţҲڶ
ǻͦĬ
Сܣȥ߰ɡ
ܺţͬȥߣ
ͷЦ˵УҺͰԪȥߣԼעⰲȫ˵գգۣǵöŬ㣬
СܡţܶЦˣǷİɡ
֮糯ǻӻ֣Ԫߵġ
ת۵ĹѾʧڱߵˡ

һ죬ϷǷǳЩûʱȥġκλòġûġĴ滳ɵģʱ׼ǹעļֱģʽȫϢϷܶ˸ɴֻֻipadãֱ𲥷Ųֱͬ
ڳĲͦģи˧ܵĲǰֻС죬ߵĲϳ֣͸ֱÿζܴȥͬĵطÿζ൱աҲˣǣиرƯŮѣŮѻǸߣرãһ̽գôܲеĽʣһֱҲãԽԽȻ˺ܶ˵ע⣬Ҳ
ȫϢϷϢûʱ˧ֱͷ֪ͨ˵ֱѡڶģʽҪڵͽֱȻģкܶһһ߼ʣһ߻ʵղ֪ͨ׼ʱ׼ۿ
ǣۿֱˣѡ˧ֱ䣬һֻʲô豸ͲѡһģʽĸĲֱ


322 ˧ֱ
ʱ˵, ڰ˵֮ǰļΪ˱ֱҾѾӿ˲ֱͬ, ȴŲ
˧ֱ仹ǺһԹеĵȲľȥֱˣϹڻ, ҲȰ¹ڶһ
ֹ, ĻͻȻһȻģĻ棬ڻ涯˼º, ֶȻ
ֱĹھͶһϤԴĻЦ
үǴҺã˧ֱ䣬ҾװƤ˧˧ܣ¿, Сչ˧һڣmua~~
͸ǰÿһһλѿʸĳⷬʱ, ˱ֵĹүҲˢˢ˸ÿһһķӦ
Ļ, Ѹˢ
[Ż][ŻŻ][ŻŻŻŻ][ŻŻŻ][Ż][ŻŻŻŻŻ][ŻŻŻ]
[˰ɣ̫tmˣ][Ŀš][⣿⣿Ż][ˣҪģŻ][뻻ˣ뻻ˣ][Ůأʢϴϴ۾][ۣܳ۾ҪϹˣŻ][Ż緹׳ˡ]
ȻȡŻһƬȴ⣬һ䡰ͲǿȻŸɴ˸ʮȵתȦȦֵչʾΧĻ
, йڶ⻷ˡ
бϾи¹, ȫǱȫϢϷ, Ҳȷ಻, кҲûӣͿʼֱֱɴ䡣
ĻתʾִֻװϤŸƤȻӽǱ仯ؿ˷ȫÿһ׳ָߴ󣬻һͳ˹ϢֳһַǳԽĸоͬͲִɭֵĸо
ɤ߶߶ûֽɭ֣·ڶϷģʽʵ͵ǿչʾƤ𿪣¶ļף⣬·ͷ״Ϊ˷ʱԣĽҩذҲԣǶ⣬㰮òá˧ƽʱ׼ʱôٵˣΪ¶ԺʲôԼҲ뾵ⲻֻүǾõˡϷģû⣿Ϸеģ׸󣡡
ڲ߸ϣȷʵһм΢͹İť˵Ϸˡ
Ҳ룬ûҸʲôֱȫϢϷֱֻܰ豸ȻϷԴģϾֱܣ˭ܲȵѡӽǣһʼõǲӽǣ֮ϵӽǣ֮Ҳлǿ

ʱүǷӦˣ쿴ֱ֮ǰĲ̫һոʮתһȦǵӽҲʮתһȦ·ǲԼֻеʱǿȫΧһбƵġ
룬ⶼǲѡãȫϢϷϷƵġ
ӽǵȷֱۣú˵

²ۣ⾹ȻԺеģԼȥңһڹϣҪôڳ͸Ƶģҵһ۲עϷ˺ţ塣΢չʾһϵݣҲܼ򵥣ֻļݣ²ۣҸ˵ҪһʵԻǸϷø㾭ҪģǿܻôȥˡԶûлңĻ֪ȥĿ壿֪ˣûϵĵҲҵ·ûҲ˳Ϸתվ㣬ʱǿֻ취ԼˣϷԶ㵯ȥȥԺ󻹵ȴʱ䣬Ժٴε¼Ϸ㣬ȥһ󡭡
˵ǳϸһ˵һߺ˭ЦȻˣǶ֪ЦôŮԱߡ
Ļϻǰһ໣Ϳ˸һƬһϸ鲼Ķ̴ͷ׽ȥӽлɲԼģOO@@·ٳʱ±ȫװģظǱ˱ȭԼƵġһƤĻһٻӰһϹڶϳǲŮȥ·ˡ
һԼ˧һ˵ûŮһͬʣȫβ̴ֶҲҿȫϢﲻ̫䣬Ȼ
˵䣬ŮѾãߵԱߡ
ȫˣԽ޶ˡ
ǣĻһĻ
ЦԼӽǣŹүǰ㣬һһеļªߵġְƤԼǸ񣬴һƬɭֵʵ
߶߶ôǾͿˣүǣǵտʼˣ

С뿪΢һ˿ʼֱĹΪľø˽⵽ڶģʽ淨Ҳû׵ĻᣬʲôĻԼңʾеģ˵սҪӱܣʲôӿӹȹȡжĵطоҪУҪϸ
СһĿֱӴŹ˽ϷȵѡķʱӽǵȫʱԣСĵع۲Χһ߹۲̽һ߼˵
ͻȻ䣬Сܳ˳ӡ
Աߵĺۿڣǰк
С˵˽⣡
ǣСܣһܡ

Ļ
[˽С233]
[Űɱ]
[˽ʲôˣôˣ]
[˵ΣҲɡ]
[Ǹ]
[ˣȥǾ֪ˡ]
[˵Ϸĸܶģÿֹܶһ]
[ܿ㣡ͣҪŮǰӣ]
[]
űƵĲһ·Ůקſ񱼣ûǰͻȻʣһƬԵĺǵǰ
һ˲䣬ǼͬʱϢ̫ˣӳɫ̫̫ȻˣǴǰκϷȾκɽҰжձϴǺҲᵽеĴҷһ
Ȼ󣬹Ǿͷ֣ŮѴӺ߰һʯͷŸƵĳǰһӡɲǼˮĽˮһĻ첲ôֵĴߣֱ岥ɹȥ
߿ڳɭɭ̫׺úܶڲһ߳ԼҧĿֲУ̲סʧ
һ룬ŮѾͷ·˫һץʮָӰôѼ߶ץסˣץסɲǾšͷӵһߡ͸ܶεֱһΣ֮С
˿
ȻǾĲ˰ѺЦ˵ڣ׼ˡ
ǣ

СܺŮһˡ
ĸһ߿ζһͼ˵ȻĬĬӱۡж߹үǣû˵ҲûֻۣܿˮԼõŮѰæǱס

[˵ǧƪһɣ˧ܵȴǧٹ֣]
[ô˶ŮѣΪһǵ]
[⸱Ҳ̫ˣ˧ˣòô˰ɡ]
[Ǳߴߴṷ¶ˣ쿴ǣ]
[Բۣʲô]
[]
[ǰɣĺ]
[ʲôһȺäдúˮ]
š
[˵븱ˡ]
[˵]
[˧ܰԣ˧ܵƯϱ]
[˧ܳסͿ쵽ˣ]
[죬ǿ쿴ˮˣ]
[Ҳ˧ܺϱˮȥˣ]
[̫ˡ]

ڶģʽȫϢϷʵ˼£ͬĲвͬĲңһģʽȻҲܱ棬չֳϷʽһֱһȣԵе鸡ġ
ͱ˵һģʽҽϷһװֱӸβ̴Ҳֱ˻ٱ˵ҵĳ㲻Ǽª񣬶һׯ/ɽկ/ȵطٱ˵߳ͻѸ޵ĹȻ϶ữΪһ׹⣬سȥ


323 ʵϷ
ȵһģʽĶء, ڶģʽеҺҪѴʱ·Ӿ͸ҰƵģҪԼȥһЩҰɽʲô, ԼƤëտ˳ԡ޵ʱ, һˣδһҪսֻҪǺ˵һΧ֮, ޾ͻſȥ, ټս
ɵһģʽȻҲһЩҰɽ, ǲҪԼƤë, ûϵֱӽвɼ⿲, ܶϷһġֻҪޣԼܿһ޴, Է֣ôԷͻ׷ɱҵ׹Ϊֹ

ģʽҽ븱ķʽԵҲǲͬġ
һģʽ£Ϸʾ·, Ƿ, Ǿ룬ֱ¡µĹУǻ᲻ϵصѪǱȴѵ鵽µĸܡûӵرļȴиԻļٹ̣ǿڼͳҩԼѪ˳ִµ, ֪޾ڰȥ
ǵ, һģʽҵϵͳ̳ǵ, ֱӰп봽򡣵ڶģʽҵû̳ǣǳûǮ˵ҵһЩмֵĶ˵̣ǶһǮңǮȫʵģ
ڶģʽҷºǲ֪ǲԼ̽¶Ҫȥµףǲܾôȥġպһλ˽Ϸ֮ǰǿġʵһʵͬ˵ֱȥġءһˤµסˮ̶
¹ʹ࣬Ѿ㹻˵µʵˣǸպµˮ̶ɽ±Ͳرߵɽ£¹лպһ紵պõˮ̶ֱˤ
ʹˤˮ̶ⲥҲʲôС˵ڹˣгܼ޵ģˤˮ̶ˣǴµ׵ɽܳһԳơGM˰ˮ̶ȳûò档
ȻGMжϲʧȥжƹûЯƵҩ״ˮƽߣͰѲϵɽ̧֣ڻϰ˼¡
ʧˡ
֮˳Ϸˡ

ֲͬظ֪ҪμϷңһϷģʽϷȫϢ״̬ϷҪǿԡ桱ϷǺʵִһУоǷǳõġڶϷģʽͲֻڡ桱ˣͨҽϷоǳѣ˵ǵѶȣҲ൱ѣʵԾǵһģʽ޷ģֱĴԽƵģһжʵһģһҷӦϷģҲû̫õϷ壬Լ粻ͬͻˡ
ԽԽ˶ֱܶ˫˿ߵĲͬģʽרͬģʽƳеĲ
ò˵ȫϢϷȻɼĵڶģʽȴ˸УرǿλĿսʱǿС
ֻǣൽ׻жԵģܶԸ⿴ڿƴģһֵԼǾͲϲûˡ
Ծܵڶģʽ൱ʵڳ󣬻вʱȥһģʽĵڶģʽҲ̫࣬˻ģ͸ϡ١
أܶûܽϷͨǣԵһģʽʮǶڵڶģʽǸǵսĿڿĲԼսڶģʽżԸⲥҿġҡǵĿԴȪ
ʱƣȫϢͷԾǹӦ󣬲صȫϢɵĿȴȶ
ÿ춼˹̶ʱȥ棬첻ȥŶӵʢͺٳˡ

ԪһС·ϣ⸽ǸϹСׯȴʲônpcվ籾ġ򹤵Ⱥݡ
ûȺݡ
ȻҪλϷֻ̽Ұ⣬һЩׯ֮ģҲҪһЩܹйͨĶ󡣵ǿǵҪ˰Ҳ̫ܰ˵ԵʣλУһЩׯӣĳоͲˡnpcȻҪһϷ飬ǻʲôȺݸԼ۱ȸߵأȻȺҲҵģǾɸѡҪǩЭġ
⣬ĳЩѶȸֵnpcɱ湺ġԼ۱ȺܸߵսͻݡֵߣҲܸɱ
ղźԪһڸǸׯһ¸飬õϢڸɽȥҼܹƴ峤ҩġľ߶ļƲ⣬ѰҩĵĹллǺʵѡ˵ԴǸеõһźʵĹؼ
ڣ׼Ԫһȥ֡
Ӵ峤ӵĻп֪ʱѾͦࡰߡ·ˡӶԸȥæˣ˵Ҳͽɽ

ɽҲû̫ż͸ԪһߣһѰΧֲҰҩ֮ࡣ
û߶ԶѾһ˲εҩģҩˣڴԺöɢŨҩ㡣
Ԫ˿϶˵˵˲Σɷһģһ
˲ο˿Цˡ
λҩģܶǲ׷ֱģڵڶģʽϷ˵Ҳҵҩ/ֲҪ̽мҪԼá
ԭܼ򵥣òһҩȫͬҩģλֲǴϷָȥģԽӽķɣ˵𲻻󣬿˭֪ûһأԻҪСĲС
ǰ⡰˲ΡȻɷͬôʹλеǳ΢ĲҲ˲ˡ
Ԫ绹ͦȤߵһժԺٵر֯ûϼӣѾһܴٿ
Ĭعȥ˲ηŽٿȻ߸˵ظ˲䡣
ԪЦ֣һɽȥ
˵ʵһ۷İλвó׼ϵʵȻǷǳɵġһɽһҵ˲ҩġֲֵûдժֻѡŽΪԺԺչʾĶֲȻҪϷңþܶͨ˵õġ
˰ɽ˼ս۾΢΢һתͷԪԪǹȥ
Ԫͷ֣ķٱ
˽ɣһӣԴ
һɽɽڵĵ滹ƽ̹߶д׳ľǼһĿռ䡣ڶڵϷһңдš黪ֱλεظңǸпܵõö
ɽǰҲȷкüڡ
ǼұϷʱѾװﶼбǵǹ֣ȽϳҲԺʹ
ǵҲиı䣬ȻǸβƤסеª
սǴӶڷģԼԼĻХԼƹƹҡüڲĶ
⻹һᶨŮڷʩƺָⳡս


324 黪
е, һʱģҲ벻ʲôȷ, еĿˡ
ȻǿˡǾûʲôҪ, ɴԪվһ, ûнӽ, Ǳǵᡣ
ǱߵǣȻҲע⵽ˡ
иҿ, Ԫһ£Ȼġ, ȴҲûСˣǽعһһСӵļ˵˼仰
Ķ, Ȼ˵ʲôǸ˵, Сӹͨһ£Ǳ˴˼һĬǱߵõļƻ
СӺܿˡ
糯¶һ΢Ц
СӲ, һ, ҲЦ˹, ǴкλҲǴӴ峤ǽԺģ
ЦŵͷҲͣ峤ҩ, ҺͰԪɽԺ󣬿ҩͦģͶһ˴򶷵, ԡ
ĻͲϸ˵ˡ
Сӱʾ, ҲͶұ, Լߵ˵һ¡

ԭЩҲվһҲһģ֮ǰǽ˴峤Ժ󣬸ΪһЩߵĶ֪ܿǸϷôãʵйʵУҪģȲҪǸԵʵڷֶ˱Ƚ϶࣬һԺǾȥ̽
ôΪڶģʽϷ֮以๥Ҳû취һȷȥõץζ˳ķʽ
һ˽붴ʱ򣬾ͷһͷͻǺǿޣǿֻȻԵʵȸսϷʱǿ˺ܶ࣬ȴҲͻ޵Ķ֣ûþͱͻֱ壬Ѫɳˡ
ԣڳԺ͵˵ߣò˳Ϸһˣû֪˶Σԡ
ǻ̸һѡ񲿷ֶںͬ̽գںֻǰŵĸںϣŶӵȥܷ
ã׻СҪʱǰĶȥںһˣ׼󣬸ݸԳĶսƷ
ֻϧͻķǳѶԸֽȥ˺󣬻ûܴͻΪ׼ʹ򲻹ͻǿǿģԺ˵ò˳ϷľͺˡÿֻսһζµʵѾȥģսľһˡ֪һСĵزôãܻܲͻõ
ԪΪģҲһȣһǲɵĻģҲǿԽȥһԵġ

Сӵ˵Ц˵ԭҲһȰɣʶʶӮһ߼ʶʶС
СӿͦҲͦ˵ģָ˼󣬾͸Ͻص˿ߡʵϣֻһģΪϱ۸Сһ˵ĸ࣬ڽϷˣҲԷȵĹϷҲС
ǱߣСӻȥ˵߿ͷ⡣
˸Цݡ
֪粻ǸµģҲɡ
ǣڳǶһŶĶһߵŽ
һȣǰСʱ
Ķ΢СԪ˵ֲˡ
Ԫ֪ڿЦҲС˵ź
һ㶣Ȼݸ
ţЩ΢΢𶯣ͻһ𣬽زˡ
Ҷһͻɱˣ
¾˴ҪȥһʼЭ׻ûͻ޽ȥ
ԪҲû
΢Ӻ߳һ߸ӵˣǸѧӣôˣ̬ҲͦģǶӳ˵λȥĦһ¶ĶǻѾˣǻҵʲôҲҪǽ⣬滹ЩСΣյģȥԺҶСģʲôˡ
û뵽˻ǽȥǱԺٽȥ̽һģھȻǰˣò˵ôһ룬ﻹһģ½ȥûʲô·أͦӵĲǣ
ǣҲȥˡ
ԪҲ⣬ǵĺ棬߽ͬ

黪źһЩĶƣȥԺҲеɫĸоȻʯϸҲеֲڣӹɣǺеġ
սʱһ԰ȥİ֮أԱиӣסһͷͻһͷͻʬˡҲҿҵطԿȻͻжٶҲ죬Ǻܴ󣬾ֽ׶εңĶ֡дﵽһ׵ߡ
ͻʬԱڸƤʣַͦģֽߡ
ǽʶȤĶûӽʹҪȥҲƹȥ

ߵɽ϶Ų̦޺ɫе֣̦ͨ޺̫ͬһʱҲϲûжûá
Ѿи׳һצĶ̦߰޺ˣŸӣѰ̦޺װ
СӸϽܹȥʣǣ̦޺ʶ
׳ҡͷʶ
Сӣʶ㻹
׳˵ҲŪɣб޻ԺǼһأ
Сӱʾףȥ˿ߡ
׳ĻҲˣȻԷǲժǵȻҲԸģŲ﹤벻ȫģٶժһЩ
ԪΪ˺ȺҲɴһߵɽǰժһЩӽٿ
ʶ̦޺ģҲһֲɣǳͣɹԺ档̦޺òʲôֲɹɺѸ̦޺ɷۣͿɺܺõĵϣܴ߷ʳЩ˷ѡ
ҲûҴţժ̦޺ʱ򣬾Ͱ÷˵˵
ǺöժҲ𾢶ˡ
һжʱٶȾǿ죬ûɽھͱùߡ
ݹӭһˮ̶̶ˮ滹źܶ㣬ͬڲ̣ҲЩҲ̡
ˮ̶һСʯţʯŵĶǼéݣӵĸһЩֲ⣬ѾԱժˡ
ʯŶ棬иµƯҲ㣬ԱߵͰѾ˲٣Ǹʯŵıϣǲ˹ȥġ
ҲʶȤȷʵéûģ˼ҶˣǻȥʲôȥҲ˼é˳˵
ͬҲ㣬ȴʶǸƯǾľѪ߷ѧ㡣ȻλѧӴ࣬ڻһ£ոڰԻģλѧ𣿷ѧӦѾСӳܶˣܵǲͻɱɹȷʵӦġ
÷ѧôŵġéλѵǡ
ֹ˸һӣé߳һλƯȻҲʶˣǷĹлСޱŸĹҵİƤӦþéѹγĶ
粻ЦЦЩӦһʺлСޱĹ
񿴵лСޱҲΪˣ￴ߵʱҲܿϳ硪û취ȴǺģͼһνǼ¡


325 Ϸȶ
ＸǺλ˧ѧܳʱ, ǶԷѧʱΪԷֵޣԷ΢ź, ѧҪʲô鷳, 㲻̸, ˧Ҳͦ˲ǣֻϧѧܴûϵǣȻҲ˼ˡ
ټϡ
ѧû죬ѧиѽţģҲͦ˧һС, һżȻ·ڨҲ΢, ͷ컹ͦ, Ҳѧѵ¡ţ񣬻ѹлСޱҲƸһ, ţûʲôˡܣֱⲿѵлСޱĹۣţԽԽ٣أҲͲ֮ûʲôķչ
תۼһȥڶԷѾ, ʱҲǹ졣
뵱ʱ, лСޱеͬĸо, ˧˧Ŀһ, ¾һҲˡֱ죡

ʱ۴ջֿˣ͸˵س֡Ҳʱǲע⵽ѧԻиˣҲһǳ˧˧磬˧áô˵أ˧úر𣬿ͦͦĸо
˧ѧܿһ𣬻ͦܵġ
˻ǵü̧Ŷȥ
ԪȻǸһ
ұ׼һģ¼˱Ƚйȥм룬˹Ÿ˵ʱҲ½ȥ
ԪվڷлСޱԱߣûסʯŵĳڣֻЦŶкλѧ㣬ܾòˣû뵽
Ҳ¶һЦݣȷʵͦɵġ
лСޱԸȷãһ˿ѧܣλѧܡѧܰɣôƺ
̬ȴ󷽣ԪѣҲѡ
лСޱŶ~~Ѱ
һЦ˵ĻȴҲе٩ζѧܹȻܰ䣬ףúϰ
Ȼܴ󷽣һᡣ
ԪʱҲššһ
ѧô̹ԪѧǸȴѧ˵ʱͣһʱҲϷˣ룬еĽֲ֪ȥʲôˡ˵ףʶʶʵ̫죬ҲǸϵҲûʲôӴڡ֪Сɢеˡ
Цָָéݣλѧ㲻ĻҺͰԪҲȥʶ
˵Ȼû⣬Ƕȥοѧܡ
̧һкû˵ʲôԪȥéˡ
Ȼ󣬷ſлСޱСʣʺɣ
лСޱͷҲСش𣺡ġ
ǵģ֮ôƴɱͻܴԭлСޱǰʱеĸоҲûʧһéҵһؼƺһŹŴҴҿ˼֣ĸоԽԽŨ
ԣлСޱķǳˡ

˵Ҫ̽һéݣֻ˸˼˼ȥԺҲ㿴⸱Ρ
éİܼªһпӣһ齾ǵţǼ򵥵Ĺӡڼ¯
Ԫһ۾֪ԭżƿҩ¯йµĳҩԭһӷƷֻףǶڳ˵ͺܺʡ
ˣҲ˵
ЦŵͷҸҲѹµʲô
Ԫ˵ɺϣˮԵģʺлСޱ֮࣬ҲľѪķлٽáֽͣлСޱѪԾѳˮصܣˮԵĹȴ°빦ľѪպõѵĳ̶ȣˮľлСޱСϵܺãûиңǵѪҲһĹϵлСޱɹսʱԴϣ˴˵ĹϵҲǢ
Ȼԭˡ
ôʣԹ۾ɢˡ
ܺãĿǰǵĸ߶ʵԽǿԽãǿԽԽá
⿴˿粢ûк⼸䷿һңֱԪ뿪éݡ
лСޱһһЩˮȥٸǴк뿪ⶴ
ţԪ⡰Ϸ

ʱԽãҵؼҾԽ࣬ǵõЩؼģ򿪺󶼻֣ᷢҲǼ飬ǵԼģϷʹ󣬵õش𡪡ϷеǿģֻҪͰᵽ·ĸо
ȻǺƣ֪Ĺؼ֪õ²ûʲôȻҲѧˣͦ졣
ΪһģʽȫϢϷõĹؼͬҪԼѧģ˵ҲͬΪȫϢʵжɡͬڵڶģʽľʵֻԼѧһģʽѡģѡ봽мʽҲѡȫʵ
һģʽǣܶ඼ѡ봽ȴҲһЩǼֲ봵ģѡԼѧȻ˵ҲѧʱѧѧҲϰˡʵٶ˾ջ봽ˡ
ģʽȫϢϷŵʱԽǵĵȼԽԽߣʵҲԽԽǿɵؼţȻһʱվǴƽ

ïȻһͨͨȻһӢ۵ģκûӢ۵СӹǶͦģѧϰ⣬İþϷˣֺܻܲܽᣬÿϷúϲľѰļϷÿÿֻϷгΪ񡱵ʱܴĸе㡣
ѰȫϢϷïȻģʽ뵽ԼڹṦŬѾǿ˺ܶ࣬һֱôӢΡٶͣһյصĵģһҧѡ˵ڶģʽ
ò˵ڸսڶģʽʱïȻЩڵģϾ̫ˣߣҲ̫ˡһɾ󾢶ƽʱϷٺã˹άҲֻˣ쳣ʵĵڶģʽҲɴ񼶱ſ˵ֲź
ïȻӲؼסˣѴʱ䶼Ϸ̽ϣŹκһ򲻸ˣϷľϸĻִϣ˳ҵõһźĹֲժֲѰٵ̵ټﻻȡܸҩֲϷаŹţϵؼҲУ֮ǰѧṦʹһЩޡ޵ʱҲӦˡ
ïȻڵڶģʽϷлһЩȫƾԼʽܵǰδеʵԣ硣ҽѣõҵ𾴣һָʵġӢ۸С
Ȼ͸ӳˡ
ǣôϷïȻͨ٣ҲѾڲòȥϰˡÿֻȥȫϢɣִ˲ƣÿ춼ȥԹؼҲӲϡ
һ죬ïȻ浽˵㣬ϰһ绰ȥ˾Ӱ࣬ʱѾʮһˣɫһӰĻкüŮͬ£͸ͬһЩŮͬ»ȥҪϳǰȫͬҲûʲôŮͬҲܸм
һŮͬ°ȫȥͬ¶һۣ׼ɢȥ
ǾʱͻȻһ궯ζͬûʲôоïȻ֪ôģȴúë
ïȻͬ£ûʲôоïȻֻðëȻ
ţԱߵͬһץĸ첲ɤӣԣǡǱߡܣ
ͬ¡ïȻ̧ͷһͼǰͻأһֻªĹͷ³ֱһ·С̹ȥ
ïȻӡˡһ죬ʲô뷨Ѿضˡ
Ȼһѻ浶׺سǹͷȥ


326 ïȻ
ͷûб, ͷȴٿȻһĨյĺۼȻʹͷ, ͷҲһ˻
ïȻס, ͷһԼ˫֣һƬհס
еĻ浶ѾɢˣȫϢϷѧһؼھγһ, ΪԹϵ, ϻȵĻ, ǿɱ
ǣǳϷ, ôʵ֣ڸղʩչһеʱ򣬸Ϸĸоһģһ, ھ¸ӿ, ˳Ÿ첲, Ȼ˲γ, Ȼ
ϷУ֪˶ٱô˲, ֪ٱ, û浶͡
ïȻ, Ȼͷȴûиʱ䡣
ʹ, ֵȫïȻϣ״Ľ͵ص, գʱѾïȻǰͷ, ٴε
ïȻϷеǧõ, ǰһ˲֮, ȴѾܵظ֪Σյٽٴγ֣Ṧٴγɻ浶ˢˢˢǽÿһǿܣһ񵲹ͻϮڶȫ׼ոձ˵ĲλһĨδ˵ĽڷǳïȻȥȫУʹ鴤
ȻʱïȻѾһԼϷеĽࡣ
ɴҲô࣬ͰڵԼϷɱֵ龰ɿٴ
ǵģΪʱޣʹïȻϷôƴľҲС
һУγɻ浶Ѹٳ
ڶУ浶һһǿɱУ
ïȻô죬˿̾͸ϷһṦʹãӲסͷڲսĹУùϵԽԽء

ïȻס˹һ̣µСˣȻ·ϱˣҲܳȥһξ룬ɻ˷˹죬ԶԶֽػͷͿïȻսľïȻļͬ£Ǹ벻ƽʱܲ۵ïȻȻôͣҲпïȻ¾СģڼһҧܻȥǸŻ˵СӱԶսĵط
ͬʱ侲ͬѸٲͨ绰߾ڵλúڵ
ûãˣһ
ڿïȻƴɱ󣬾ԱȥѯʼڰСͬ£ûа㵢飬ԥسǰȥïȻϣһɱޡ
ïȻϷҲǸϹ˵ģȺ˿ô漴һϷʽѸǰһнַɱ

ǸųСͻСʱ򣬸ĸΪ׬Ǯƴ£̸̲ø磬ȻҲһĵ׻еŮͲøģС΢Ҳðͷ
ĸĸˣڵĴ򹤵ĳвٻְ˸Ů˽飬Ҳ˸Ůͥˡ˸ԺҲҪϸˣͥǺܸӵģֺ趼æ̽ԶӲã뵽еѡһ㣬ȻûϴѧͰ˻ȥ̽һչ˵ܵܣҲල˭
һֱ³󣬻ԺǴСģҲչ˵ܵܡ˵ģˣ̽㲻ǻˣȻûʲôģУԵܱܵԹ鱧ԹҲԸչ˵ġɼͥ˵̽㲻ҲҸ̽˵
ͥվͦѹֵģк󣬰༶ĻҲ̫áΪڱųµĽҲֲرˣԽϡŬûãͷɤСҸ˵гɼǺ漸ͳ˱ϻѧǳЦĶҷʱˣЦɰ裬͸û취ѧϰֲҸ˵ÿһ춼ܼ尾ҲԽԽ
ֱĳһ죬ѧУĲҲȥ첻Ӧеصز顭Ȼ̽ҹȳȥ
̽꣬еʱ򣬼̽ѾˣڱѧҲǰ߶ġÿ̽ȥһչ˵ܵܣͦϸ»̬Ҳͨû뵽ʱ̽Ȼ
ʱ֪̽ѧУ۸̽ȥһ£ڶֱٵѧУ꼶Ͷ¡
꼶β֪裬İʻȻȫ֪鷳һֻ۱һֻۣ꼶εİ칫̽˵ƿԡ
ڰӺù˺ܶ࣬˵䱩ȴٱ۸ˡԳ˵ѶݳޣֻҪû˴ѧϰ˵õġ
ų̽Ĺϵ˺ܸܶ࣬м̽㣬̽㿴ɼżҲһûʲôѪԵĽãϵȻҲԡ
̽Գû̫ɫȴִؾã̽ǸȵˡԸһֱûı䣬¸߶ְࡢ࣬ʼջǺųҽѣҲûʲôѡֵҵǣŬؿ˸̽ͬһѧ
ڳѧʱ̽ͱҵˡ
֮ûʲôͨͨض飬ɵСص˴
һ꣬仯й֣ܺ£ÿοƵϢᷢȫϢϷȫߣ˵ǳ˱Ե󣬾ѡڶϷģʽϷȥ
ȫϢϷǺܹģԼеĻҲû취Ϸܾã·ˣǸҵͽǹʵļ̽㣬ǮϷ
ڶģʽĶĺۣȫϢޡҲ̫ʵ̫ˣܿ־壬ÿ˶ۣܶζֲȥˡʼΪǮǿ֣ʱ䶼Ƕŵģ̽Ǯιü̽ʧӲؼˡ
ǵС񻹿ԣһõһ˫ֽɣϽĻһȫ̵ṦʱӵزҸһϷṦܰ䣬Ҳû˻ᶢͺˡ
أԼ񶼷ʱͲٶԺܶºܶ˳־塣
ҲΪл̽㣬֪ԼһѧǮϱˣ֪̽㹤ϺƴܶʱҪҹҲŻ
úۣѧУ٣ɴÿڼвͣԸ̽͹ȥֵ̽ҹ߼ӰൽҹͻҺȥҹ
̽ͬ¶Ľгã̽㵹̫ͱͣǺܻῴɫģܷ֣̽ʵͦϲաǣѵû̽ģ˸ͷ
һ죬̽ҪӰ࣬ڼҺԱתƵĵܵʢһ󣬾׼̽͹ȥ
ͻȻ䣬ʼ±ꡣ
̽绰˵겻ˣǽļӰжϣٹСʱͻ
ɫûмȴ̽ûɡʹܴ򳵣һ򲻵أ̽Ҫꣿȥӡ
̽Ĺ˾ʵǼҲԶ·Сʱܵû򵽳ɴһ·Źȥ
ϷˣʵϷûԼٶʵǳ죬ڸϵʱȴȵĻУһͷڳײ칫¥¥㣡
һ㣬̽¥㣡
ĿѣɿץסԱߵˣ͵һץ
˶ˣ˫ֱַסһһԾεض
ĻУ⡱


327 ¼̽
Ӳϵǰ˻Ǻܼ, ҲΪ̫żӣȥʱգ۾͵˹Ա, ˫ֽһǰ˻õĽ, Ӳ͸˹Բࡣ
ʱ, ΪײòͷҪ³¥֮ڡ
һڻûµĹ, һɴﳯ¥²ȥ, Լһ, վ˴̨ϣ, һƬë
ʱ򣬴ڵ˾ؿŴһĻ, ӹײ˹ɱһҲڼʱ֮ڶ, ûȫӦ¾ѾˡģǸŮʽ, ؿŰڴ̨ϵŮӰһʱгƬĿհסǸӰ̫ϤˣϤԲϴ
ǵģļ̽ڵİ칫Ҳͬһ, ڿ
ɺϵǣڵİ칫봰Զ, ǹİͷ̽ȥ, ȱϮ֮һ
ҲΪ, ŻڷֱϮ¥ʱ־嵽һֻʣܵϳ塣ͷܶˣ֪̽İ칫̽İ칫
ʱ򣬹ȱ̴Դˤ¥ȥѾ͸ˡӵĳȴֻǿ֧Ż̨ܰϡ
ﻹˣһʱҲе±ơ
ʵʹóˣղģĽʵҲʹóȻϷûߡ⵽סô£
ţ󣬴һɵŮ
̽ġ
סˣ嶼ǽӲģһͷ
ȻѾײɿĴȴ˴ڲƿˣСĵرܿȻһ˫Ϥֱסô˽ȥ

ʱ̫ͻ̲ס޶ļ̽ûˡ
㣬͡ɡ
һ£ɡɡʱֶһߣÿճ˫ȥˡ
ļ̽㡪Ȼܾɣɲò˵һֱųļþȻΪ˾ȥӲ£ӿһ˿ů⡣
˵ˣȲ𣿡
Цˡ
䣺
ȷе㷢飬ϾˣҲûãŪȫǳӣԺйˣһʱҲָˣ廹ţܲ飿
ò˵ڵļϤ
Ȼ󣬳ѳֱ˷ŵһԵţ侲ȥһ̲裬
ͬʱЩû־ͼôһĳͬǣʱҲ׷Χ˹ƽʱŲʣȴڹؼʱ̱ɡŮͬãǸ̾
ոǴѧģĸݣ
̫ˣ
ôģǸṦѧˡ
ô˶ã
ղſллˣҪȻǾˡ
칫࣬ҲûһôҪһתעԽԽ£ΪҲ֪ƵôƤӵ±ֵָġ
Լһ²⣬Ҫõȷϡ
Ҳʲô˵ģԼҼ̽һۣСش𣺡Ҳ֪û¶ʧı飬ֲ䣬ȫϢϷѧĽҲ֪ΪʲôҲá
ոգֻ̫ż
뷨ϱֳˣЩѾ̤ܿ
ҲˣǺµģ±ȲҪô˵أһ̵ĳ䣬е뱧һСݺݵԴ
ӡ
룬ҪȫϢϷѧĶʹõģһҪü̽Ҳȥôѧᣬ̽һɸġǸʱ򣬼̽ͻܰȫܰȫˣҲ¡

ïȻƵʵﲻϷš
һλʮǿ׳ĽڵڶģʽȫϢϷʵս˷ǳѧϰõؼڵõؼĹؿ飬ֵõ֮׵ĹȻѧͣȥսޣһλ̳Ϊ˺ѣ֪˶Է̶ߵķΧӴҵֲȥﻻȡƵĶЩڷãоԼϵԽԽ죬ƺʵҲа
λܿǿ˸˵޵ĳ̶ȣػֲޣҲ˺شԷҪɱ޻Ƿ򣬵ǶԽ˵ȫϢϷľһ˾ΥѪ·صʱһ
ʱĽ¶ݣ˷͸һʱ䡣ҿŮѲһֱ꣬Ը飬һɰŮаƾԼǿ˿ĽҵҲңǰסԼƢûг嶯ľйڶ֮СǺѪͼ飬ֵϢ˽ŸУṦҲ̿ѧˣֶΣ˵ΥıԣΪ˼ҲʮɵĿ๦ٺȫϢϷˣڶģʽļ»ҵȴ˺ʵеˣֱΣգԼķӦ
ƽʧܾϹҲ֪ƽʱѹ֣ԥǷǮȥϷʱѾؿϷѪʱҲӲ̵ŮϷĹ£׽סṼӺŮϷǳԣҲϢյʱӹֿӰһŮȥֳ԰һ˺ڡ
һĩŮȥ԰԰кܶޣ԰Ҳչ˵úܺáһָֻֻŮʲô˭Ҳû뵽ǣһ˺ڵʱһͷͻȻ쳤ХϴԼؿڡ˵Уһӱ߰˱޴Ľֱˣ˫ֲôӷյ԰˳
԰οǾʧ룬ɱʱǻ澰ɾȻôͳˣȴǵľ𶼱ɿ־壬
̫ˣܵʱ˲̤ͶŮǰ濴ɵģŮӵʱ·ѾԴԴϵ˶סˣбȵڵص˲ϵطҽУû취ȥ
ɷذץסȥÿһȥ˶ˤֽˤ˲ӣֱˡѪ˸ӿ־壬Ҳû·̫ˣգʱѾһƬ޴İһ˲Ҫץסģǽӣ
Ǹ˽ҸˣʲôȥӶæŮ׳ȥԼ͵תͷ˫־ȥӭɵľƣ
ԭֻǰԼȫϢϷжԸͺɵķȴû뵽ӿһϷһס˫ơ
˼ֻһŴŮȶ㣡
Ȼͽŵһȣ͵ɢڹ˫ȭȭȭظ


328 Ϸսʵ
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ôСԺʱȫܸɷͥ, Ҳû·磬ṦܷУȽϴ, ÿλĴ, 
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ڽɴԺ, һЩ˵οжҲ, ̤Ҳ˺ܶࡣв˶׷ͣ½Ų, Űˤڵϵ˷
ȻͣԺ󣬶̲סԶԶعۿһ򶷡
ɺһ׳ȭȭ, ǺεȵѪ, Ǻεȵĳȣ
§ŮСĵضԶû뿪, ֻǻס, ĵؿԼڸɲɷ, ͬʱóֻѸٱ

ǰ, Щܶ˶ܺ, ѧʱУ, ҵҲȶƯ׷ߺ֪ܶ࣬Ϊʲôῴôʱ컹εˣô궼
ֻԼ֪Ůʱѣÿѧ󲻵òȥʱĻһ仰û˵ÿԶԶϰؼңʹΪ˹ҹ·ҲûκΣաҲû֪ڷΪ̫۶ϿηʱʱѾŤŤıʼϿһ˿ؼ¼͸Ϊ֪дġû֪ôѵ͵͵ͳԵĲ壬˵˭ģ߿ʱʽѾˣ죬ڸͷķеһŷ⣬һǮȼü֮ؽڼûӰ쵽߿˳һĴѧ
бҵͱǲ㴰ֽȻ᲻˼һˡʱʵһʱ嶯ģжͱ˼ռϷ磬ϲֻһ㣬һҲˡͶһͬǵְҵѧУŬѧһ֮ǳãõϵĻ죬üû
ǸʵĹ˵ĸԽԽãҲŻһӪȻ컹ΪĸǶ˳ͻʧˣ
˶Ϊ֣ԼûģʲôҲû˵е˾Ǹظˣ˳ͻʱƵҲԼһʧ⡣ͼÿȥ̽࣬һֱŻ
ڼ䣬ܶ׷ҲûҡĸĸΪͥѣöԲŮûвŮĸһֱȴʱǵ׻ǹŮϣŮһõˡ
ŰԼͻܸ߸ĸǣǻڸʱڶıΪѶһ򣬶˵νĶӢ˲ֵֵܻİ¡
ĸĸûڻ󣬸˻顣
ƶȴҸŬܿŮҲƶ첻˵ǻˣǸеġʽְҵˡ˶ǮԶѹʿܣԶ͸ʱһûı䡣
ʼվԼҸҲԸ֧ɷһ뷨
ֻǡ
ɷɻŹĳ棬˵е㳬ˡ
ôɣôСɷôɷԿ
źƾУܺ£һСģͻᷢ⡣

籨ָڶ£ҺǸڸյĹߵľԱ˵ʱû״ΣǷǳؽ
Ҷϵ绰Ůһ𽹼صȴš
úܿ죬иø죬ԷŵĲʲôһӣҲʲôͨӣ˸ŽɫĹâһļͶжǿ
ע⵽ߵĵҲûϹٵɵĺԼʹɵǸշ죬Լղ㣬Ǳ˺ܶ࣬ʼղڱԺӶʱЩѣΣӦӳٶۣҲװ˵ƵĿپֱӰ˸ʵʵ
쳤Х
ûκô
ţΣսҲ˲ɣתͷȥŹŮ
һͷŴЦݱŹŮڲԶ
ܼ۵ؿɷϵĲˣһеѯʡ
Цţ

˽⣬жӵĸݺû˾Т˳֧ȫϢϷˣ㲻һģʽͷԵĶѡ˵ڶָʵģʽ׼ȥ羰õõһŹ͸ɴôţȤҲܿ죬ż޵ʱܹȥһҲˡ
ĸʵзԼˣԭʵеЦ
Ǹʱ򡭡㳡衣
ʱֺ֣ĸѵóɢģ˼ȷʵǰ˲٣ѵҲ˽ȥҵʱйս
鷢ˡ
Ҫ˽Ⱥ̳ԵʱͻȻ䣬д赸һ¡
ǣǻڼ㳡裬ͨһλݸŮϺ˺ܶεԴǵġȻھͶͷųȥ
ǹֱϮ˹һ
ﵹ
ǺŷӦĴˡ
ΨλݸŮ΢΢Ӳ
ոգλݸŮʵҲûзӦѧĹǱܷ࣬Ǳʶݶպ衪ѧľ蹥֮һɢΪת
ʹǹ㳡衭
Ҳǡ
˹
ˣݸŮŻҵȺǱˡ

⻹жεĳеСǮڵڶģʽȫϢҧżȻһλ˲㱻ҧġԼİ໨
ͺܴүүͬķ羰ȴΪľõӹķšڴȫȥɽʱ򣬻һȺɱı
ͨͨСΪòƽƽҲóѧϰڰԵáǸǿĹɴѾͶעȫϢõŬʵǿϷｻ˺ܶѡ뿪Ϸһϰʱﲫʱ˰ͬѧҲԵӴ˺
кͨʦƽʱϲȥϷһ棬õ˼ˣСǼӢµؾǡ

Ƶ¼ڷÿÿҲкܶ˷֣һʼһΪȺе֣߳ϾߵĴҲʲôˡʱƣҸط֣Щ˶ߣѧ˹ؼͨˣ˼ǣǵĹؼƳȫϢϷڶģʽѧģϷѧļܣȻʵ
֮ۡͬһðʵҲ˶ڸߵ̸ۣʡ
ǱѾƽȵȫϢɣҲӭһһĿˡ
ȻֵĵطҪѰϷ
ÿ춼иʡۡ۵˳쳣ӿֲӿ룬ȶ·ҪùƵġ
ʼûˡ


329 ȫ
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[ڶģʽϷô£鷳ٷһ˵]
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[ͷĸǣǸӢۣ]
[ûӣ¥ϵĽ治Ǿ]
[治, ûʽҽ, ҽ˵, ͸ȫϢϷһģ]
[ٷ˵𣿾ôҸţ]
[ǵһģʽңѧļܲʵã⻹к˱˵]
[ٷٷٷ]
[ڶϷģʽô£ǲϷ]
[ˣϸ˼ּû, ǹҲƼϷ, һʼΪΪ¼ԭҷֲŸƵģ롭]
[ϸƷϸƷ]
[һǹڸƻΪʲô˵, ҲҪϸƷ]
[ҪҶһ£ҿʱ˵׵ġ]
[ˣܶ˵ȷʵ, һϷģʽĲǾȥڶģʽҵؼҲһ֪ˣ]
[˵ö, ȥһԣ]
[һҪһ, һٷ˵аա]
[Ⱦȣҷ˵]

ֵôзӯ, ٷҲһֱûиһȷе˵ԽԽοͽȫϢ, ɵǰٴ˳ӣλɹӦ
һģʽҲֵ, ԼԴ, ɹٷ˵ôҲû취, ˵ԼҪ, ɸ˶ͷ, ڱвţҲֻ֮ܲ
Ϸվкܶ˵ġ
ʹûеõش𣬿˽ȴϵ۲²⣬Ҳ𽥻õһ𰸡омʹѡ˵һģʽȴǲʵʽѧϰܵġϷﲻһѧԼġصʵԺ͵͵ʵؼ
Ȼûõġ
ЩΪԼ´ˣеȴ֤ԼĲ²⣬ǸɴظϷľ飬ʵϷеõؼ
һѧǾͲһָϷＸͬĸоҲǾ飬ʵٶȱϷ죡
ûãЩһģʽʵвһЩСʵѧϰؼȻҲǿԵġ
Щ˽ϵûиܶһȥȫϢɣǼԼõĹǻùȥ̵Լ׽ˡܶ඼ѧᣬ׽ôѧᣬǾͻԼʶҽؼǰֽгԣܹѧģŽг׽ȻҲֱӻǮģʲô취ġ
ЩʽҲܳţܿһЩһģʽҷˣϷԭ봽ֱѧҲʼԼˣǲϷʵϰΪǷָڶģʽͬǵһģʽϷҲܰѾ
ҲһЩ봽ҲʵϷһԡ룬ֱʵһǵóԲСĿͷϷһ飬˾͸ٵʵĻȻ˳ܶˡ

ڶģʽ½ʵгԹˣǲŷԼϷжı£ʵͬжı£ôϲҲͬѸ뵽׽ˣܿԼѧĹؼ̸ǡҲǴ¶ѧᣬֻѧҲɻѡʶҽȵȡ
ȫȳ

ܶϲӵ˷֣ڵϻм̨רĿЩ̨Ҫ۵ƷʲôͨļҾƷʳʲôģһЩصƷ
˵һļľ⡢һһļľ⡢ϼƷֲһϼƷֲܴĿʯعЧĳЩʳƷ
۸ر𰺹ͺܹˡ
һʼͷԣϾϳɾرǼ߻ȫϢϷѧ˹ǣܿԼжڼ߶߶ȱʲôʲôܸЩ죬ǵӹеģǵʱҲܹϣϽʹ绰ȥˣеķӦģʱͷѾˣϽѯʿͷһʲôʱ򵽻ٿõĶʱһҲҵ顣
͵Ҳܿ죬ͨǵ绰ڶܵǻǻѶóڵ֪ľҪĶʱǾ͸ȫڵǰ棬ʱŵӹƼ
⣬ҲбȽϳۼ⣬ÿһ֡ӹ·һַǴϻȶͽǣȻڵϵ¼ַͷҪһű񣨱¼֤ԺõһţΪǸվĻԱŻԱܽһ̳дõƷ֣ԱǿԼĶнҲԱߵ̳Աнסֽ׾ͲˣԿ˫Ҫʲô
ǣºˣ֪µˣԸԵҲġ
ֻôֳӵйؼܽģվǲɢҲӵġ
ҵĻԣˡ
ʵԼûõؼҲûеģͰѾڹѷŵṦϣúܶѧϰṦҲӸ߰

ڵı仯統ȻҲעţͦõġ
Ǽʼ뷨ǿ׵ģԸڶģʽģҵؼĸʴѧṦؼٶҲ죬˵ƷҲףѧԺҲԸߵ˷õĶʱȷʵҲ棬ҲԸķѾ
Ȼﲻȫĳ̶ȣѾⷽ淢չˣ˸˵ǣڹٴγԺӦԼǿĹھѾ𽥲һͻŲ·ܣǻṦϽɢȺġʵԿġӢǡó㹻λҲΪʱɵĻײѹӣ
ٴνٺܳԵѪʳԽԽ٣ٶԽԽ졪ⲻӢǡҪйأҲΪǷЩʬǿֱ̳ϵĹٷģָһº󣬹ĲٲλԸǻԴԼǵǮƻѡ
Ҳİ
ⲿŽмأڵĹһУܿͱľסɱˡڱȽƫƧĵطſԻʱһ㣬ΪͶŵĸּܵλҲܻѸٸϹȥû̫֮ǰȰǸɵ
ڳֵĹ˵һΣѣ˵Ǻܶ˶õԴ֮һˣܶ߻ԸСӣϰࡢְ֮ƣҲⲿż˺ฺܶ
һȹʼĸãȻҲԴҲܶ࣬ɱϾ罻սҪͷٶĻֻҪתΪȫʵǶֵõġ
ο
ûдڣһᵣԴĺ粻ΪܣҲԺҪŸȥ취׬Ǯˡ˵λʵλһжпܵġ
ңֻҪʤںһԴȵӣӦҲֺ

۲˼ʱ䣬ҲһЩ
ǵķչãǹҵķչãڹ£ӦⲿȥǽˣҲٶע
˼ٴηϡ
ţǲǸŪʲô»֮ˡ
糯濿˿ͷȥʣԪأ


330 »
Ԫ°Ͳ˲ķ뿪Ϳ
Ԫϵͳ, һй¹죬ΪܳѣǸ׵ĺ, ϸ, ٸ, ٷеĴ󡣵Ϊµʱ, ˵ÿһ춼ȳѸȤ, гΪǵġꡱеԵؼ㣬ϣȱ֤ϵ, ̫Ŀԡڰ»᲻ľ´ʧȲ˵һֱ, żȻҲûϵ», ֻҪ̤Ƶߣʹ·Ҳ̫Զһֱڰµ, һֲ
Цˣ֮ǰһλ档
Ԫ΢䣺ɽǸɽһЩԵĵرҼǵ, ҪСÿ˻ҽȥѰ
صͷÿʼ, һ, ҵˡ
Ԫָ̽, ǰһˮ
ˮ, ʾһռ, һλ档
λ, ִСͬĻɽǧ, ǻɽ, ɽ·дҽʣȵ¶ȱ鲼λ棬½ŵĵطûС
ĿǰλǺȶģǱ뵽ôڻб籩ĥɽҲһʴԽԽ١
ҲΪλ¶̫ߣûط½ţҪȥɼĵرҪðһΣյġ
°ͣҼǵһƷԺҽ
Ԫ˵ٻҶԣһƷۼ1000ҡ
Ҳˣ˵ҼǵúǴһ6ժģһƬкܶ࣬źʲôĺôȫǶƷֲǷֿģ԰ɣ
Ԫԡܿ첹䣬ƷʣϷ͹Բݷ򣬳Ҳжҽж
ЦˣǾɣŻɽλ棬СʱƷѣÿСʱ500ңԴǣһСʱ㹻ǻرˡֹر΢ڿ͹׬ģֻʵԽ͵Ŀ˽ȥԽҪǰ׼ѣɾߡһЩٻҩȡ
ԪȻû顣
룺λƷֻжףƷ׵͵ĿƷ׸ߵľûʲôˡţȻҪǾø˶ܲȽϺðɡ
Ԫ룺ƵҲ
ŶԪʲô飿
Ԫ˵翪ġ
૵˵硭ģ
ǰľ飬ˡ

翪ʵΪ
һǣ缴γɣôһҲǸķ۲̫һԤǸȼ磬ҲΪֻôһѾγɣ˻ʶʱkҪôγһȼԵ͵磬Ҫôϵͳæ飬ȡĲͬϢӿ취Ļۣȡһ糹ɣҲȹûһʶôҪôֱӽҪôֱӱΪɸλˡ
ڶǣոγɵ緢Լ鲻ԼkĿǰӵеķֲ֪ҪʲôkͻϵͳϣǽkУkԼȡķϢԼķ򣬴ӶһµԭЩ飬յkѡǽֻǷ
ɸ͸ϵͳϵͳݸϵͳġ
ÿһӵҲôһλûԪ̵ģþõǼΡǴﵽ˾Ž׵ģǸε⣬ȫйľ飬еĻֹһ
ˣļᾧУҲصľϢ

Ԫ翪ĵ£ѵ˵
翴Ԫ
Ԫͷ롣
գգۣϸ˵˵
Ԫϸ˵ˣһγɵ5硣ǸۺԤǿԳɹģγĹУ챦˼ޣķԱͬʱһµȺûоϸ㣬ʹⲿȺʵǿҷҲûԼٶ֣ԵkıԴĺܴҲòȶĿǰk룬ϣɼķϢıϣ߳kеһ֡ƽƽذǸҪ˵ˣּ˵ΪرǸ糬޵һ챦͸ҵĿˣ⣬ǽk󣬿ԾɼԴ
룬⣺kŵԴЩ
ǱʵģΪɵĳڣѭתûʼǿԴġȽģԴֻƷײߵĻߺƷģôһЩȽױȽϸߵĿ˵Ǹû̫ھļֵһ챦У̫
Ԫش𣺡Դȫţҵһ챦ﲢõͬߺ챦Ρ
ˣλǵģǳ󷽡
Ԫ˵
Ҳôģһ⣺Ԫһ5磬ԴǳḻΣҲܴ볡ȯķöΪã
Ԫ˵ԸƷ׺ʱ
˼ţɡ׵ףÿ1000ңһÿ5000ң13Ľ510׺϶15򡣡Ͼ׼ϵǿ߽5ʱʵѹڸ۷壬Ҳ۷壬۸΢һͲˡˣ;뿪ʱ䲻һģҲһ㡣
˵Ŀǰﵽ׺ϵĿֻлͺӡûһǰúƽģδػȥ磨ȥ˶͵ûɱ飩ҪǶ̯ӣȥȥļʶ԰뿪ɡ
Ԫͷü¼
һֱ£һ룬Ǯ綨֪ͨмػʲôľͶҪɵĻˡ
һûʲôĲˣֱ˵һ߰ɣߵȽ׵Ŀ˶뻹ǻȥ翪ģƷ׵Ŀѡ񡣡
ʵϣ𿴻ɽ۸Ҫܶ࣬ǰȫҲҪߺܶࡪֱ׵˵һ׵ĿҪȥģûǿԴ׬һʵģƴҪõģͺ׻С磬ſѻһأֻȥûþ͵ԼͻУ˷һλᡣȥ͵봽ˡ
ԪӦá

ھµķչٴγµĻ
п˵ſϣس֪ͨ
֪ͨ𣨸ʱ˵ͬ̽ɽ˿ѼԴɷΪÿСʱ500ҡλע⣬Ͽ˽Уʵѹڶ۷塣
֪ͨ𣨸ʱ˵ͬ翪ġ˿ѼԴΣճ̶Խϸߡɷ[]米[]Ҫ[]λע⣬Ͽ˽Уʵѹ۷塣


331 ̫Ǽ
еĻһֱÿջܴ, ֪ͨ󣬿һ»ߣͶʱص㿪, ϸط

̫Ǽڳħʿ硭ľ֮ɭ
ΪʲôҪǸλФһʨʼ˵

ǴεԺܳɹ, º˺سŵظФ˸ͺط, ȫûаӦùФǱߺô˼λȷˣλ߼ħʦΪеġˡ֡ڵ, ְ·ֱȻһЩձĴڡ˵еֿ, ʵһεĺдǲ˵ҪǸٴȥĻһȥĸ
̫ǼҪʶ硢һ˳ŪԴֵģФô, һۺ󣬾Ĭͬˡ
˶Ǵ, ФŮɫеǲ֮, ƷʲôĶȥ, ҲԸλϼ⣬ҲԼȥϢشλ򵼡»ܸЩ
֮, ̫Ǽϻľ͸Фͬһβ̵ʱ䡣
ͬʱ, ҲʶФϢϵ֮ͨ
˵, ôµʱ, ФĸϣÿܵõٺöФ˵Ҳ㻰ֻҪ˸ųĵطǶܰ˵õȡôԴûΪ߲ʲôìܡÿλФҲǻвͬӸͬУǻһʵżһ
ʱˣֶ˲ջ࣬Ҳһ²⡣
ǾãλФ¡ǡ
Ȼ˵ܴҲֶʵкܶྭḻķӵġһӵߵи˾ĸܼõĶ˸ߵĽ֮ӷ첻˵඼ݵλв֮ͬͺ˵ˡǰ涼ɺϣô˵ʵ֮Ҳǡ֤ݡ֮һ
˵Ĺ۲죬Фʵ¶Զ֮ͬϡ˵ǣǵͲΪˡ
Ʒ²̫£Ǹˣ²ȻԸФһжˡ
ФҲܸʶѣСǰ¶Լħ˫޵ʵһ˲ǳľ
˲û¶ʲôֻͬľ͸ȷФˡѾ֪ϵô£ħ˫޵ҪôbossҪôǣФֻǣ
Фûκ̰ദҲһһŴʯ
ԼҲ֪ԼΪʲôͻȻСģ̫ǼϣԼԼزµһʲôпΪҶǲͬǵԵʣе㲻֪ϻ˵ģԼʹФڵȼĸߣκ籾ںϣֿѣ֮£ŻФɾ衣
˵Ϊħ˫ޱ¶ФĹϵָһ㣬ţФھ˸һǰ֮ɭ
룬е⡣
һתͬˡ
ФĿģΪԼҪħƽⲻ壬͵ھ֮ɭѰһֲܵĻܵõ֮ȪͣŶкô
ΪܲӶһεĸѵûκһһ
̫Ǽ֪ȴе΢
ȥ֮ɭһ𡭡ϣ¾ȥ˾֮ɭ󣬻ӵһӡ
֮ɭеλòӣ񡭡
̫Ǽ΢飬λǵͬ飬ͬΪп˵ľ鹫ˡ
̫֮ǼϸФһ֮ɭķȥ
·ϣФħޱܡʱ򣬾ó˹̫ͨǼ鹫˽ġ
[̫Ǽ칫ѯ㡣]
[죺ڣ姡Ҹý姹ѽ]
[̫Ǽˣڹ磬һλФһͬǰ֮ɭ֪ʲộָ]
[죺Ф֪ˡ]
[̫Ǽ֪˴ǰǷ㣿]
[죺ûϵģҶФҲܺ棬ھȤ]
[̫Ǽ˼ǡ]
[죺ѽҺһ]
˽ĵ̫ǼıΪŹ֡
ѹôô˵
̫ǼĬȻԼĶԻԭⲻϿ
ҲĬȻ
[̫Ǽչ˼ҺֹʱǷФ֪ʶ]
[죺ҿ϶Ҫӭѽ]
[̫Ǽˡ]
[죺ѣⲻѽ]
̫Ǽ̾˿ڵԭ檣ȻԼⷽûʲôȤȥǲˡǼ칫ģСȺҲһĹ죬֪λʵƷжܺãҲ洿ƣò˫ȫǸܲĹФȻ涼칫ֻ5ħеĳԱΪФİ֮һ̫ѡ񣬿ѾпˣΪ˵֮һһǧǣҲЩϧˡ
ֻڣҲø칫˵ʲôֻǵĺأ
[̫ǼǾͶлˡ]
ʱ򣬰칫ظʱҲý
[죺ʱҴǽҲ˵뿴ѵѣòã]
̫Ǽһ΢΢ʧЦ
[̫Ǽ湫ˡ]
Ȼ˵˽ʱͣ¡
̫ǼС˵Լոյ뷨ҲЦЦ
˵칫飬Ȼ
̫ǼЦǡ
ţФħޱһλֻص˵ǰ档
ʱͣۡ
Фͷ󺹵ԼժһҰӣˬһһЦ˵λԳһټúܣζܺõġ
̫Ǽϲӣӹˡ
˵ģФ˳̫⣬ķʵԡ

ܿ쵽˾֮ɭľǣǵĵ⣬˶߽ȥ
սʱ򣬼˾ܸоһ͵ǵɨȻɭֱģ֪ɭˡ
żಹ󣬸֦ϾͶվʮһ̵ò飬ŮȫֳֹҶǼ
ͣ½ŲʾԼûе⡣
ʱһķ紵иɤ𣺡ǲҪ֣ҵѡ
ɤֵһλĹɫĳһ⣬ǳҲǳϲǴյůһ󴺷硣
һλǾ鹫졣
˿ŲõЦݣ̫Ǽϸ˵֡
ֶĻ˹ϣӭǣ֮΢΢ͷԵˣλǣ
̫ǼѧħʦȻº˵λǵФ˴ιһҪ빫æ
ФλĹˣ̫ǼĻæҲ񣺡𾴵ĹҽФܸʶ㡣
쳯ǻӻֳ֣΢΢һЦǸҽȥɡ
̫ǼЦл
ţ˾ͱ칫֮ɭд
ֱӾסɭرǿФֱֲ˼ˡ

ԣ֪̫ͨǼȶһۣȻǾͿ˳İ칫


332 
칫ƤգۣҲյ˰ɣ
̫Ǽϼ粢׮, Ʒ֮ɭеˮʱ鹫Ȼòվӭӡ
ʻ, ˵ͷ
̫ǼЦ칫ʲô뷨𣿡
ʼմ崺Цݣȥơﻹк, ֮ľһر˼
̫ǼҲ˼ҺҲȥ
ϵͷ, ̫ǼĬģǶ֪Ϊ缶Ƚϵ, еĻᣬܴﵽ, һȥ롣
ɫŹâҪһȥ𣿡
̫Ǽ룬ӦϾͻῪʼ, ȥ, ٴһ˵, ʾڸｲµڴ֮ǰ, ȵøλֿŷ¡
쿴Фе㲻֪롣
ʵФӡ󲻻Ϊ֪˾Լʲô, ԼȷϲФԸ, ھͲͬˣԸФ, ȴԸ֮һġ
Ȼ, ܲø߰ɣеĻͻȻ, Ǻϲھ֮ɭסһʱ, ھе鷳ˡ
̫Ǽһ֪λ칫벻취
ЦЦ飺繫Ůߴ˾λض湫ҵڡֿյһħ飬òǡФֵܣ뿪ʱһȥҲɣǲȥҲֻдǡФҪĶǸǲǾͶǾФ֮ˡ
칫ˣ۾΢΢һ֪ˣл
̫ǼЦˣؿ˼ǹ⣬ֵ빫һЩ֮ɭز
ü˵㻻ɣǶԡ
̫Ǽüرʾ˸л
һͷФҲע⵽ߵ龰еᡣ
ʵϲ鹫ʵĹ֮ǰûģֻϧ鹫ʶֵܣν޲ϷҲõֵܵȥöкøеӡ
ͦźġ
ûã鹫׺ͻȻħƿն̫Ǽϣװģؿ˿Ͱո칫˵ģǴС
ФûߵģԱ˵Լû꣬Ҳ˸ˡ
̫ǼϿͿظ𣬶Фȷʵˣﻹͦˣ˵л칫ദദ
ܿϧ뿪󣬰칫Ůٹȥ˵ҪʥȪԡһʱ䣬յʱٳΪѹƳˣ޿ơФеԼھķ̫ϵõŮ˵ŮμӰ칫ᣬ˲١
ֻǣǺź
Ҳû칫Ӵ


Ԫе˽լչǰռһǽľ޴ˮУšŲͬпڿ֪ͨķӦ
칫̫ǼǼΪպôһϰ칫кܺ£ҲͦģɾͶ࿴һ
ۼ̫Ǽ뿪֮ɭֺܿ˸ƫƧĵطֱӽУ칫ҲԡԡʥȪΪڱܿеߣͬСҲûټȥˡ
ͬʱԪĬء̨
ܿ죬ˮﷺٴγֵģһɫľߡ

յſ֪ͨʱ򣬳6罣·ĳˮС
ǺܼѵģϾڴǧ磬һιȥҪ20ΪԽáûôǮģȻѡ̳﷢Ҫټһˣôչȥķҡ
ȻԸ߼ȤҲֻͬ飬Ŀǰͨǳ١ȫϣԼڵǸ磬һҲֻа˸ѡ
˸ĸ0-1ģ2ľǳ߱磬Ȼ34һ6ȥˡ֪ĸ01Ŀ˶ûǮĻ34Ŀ˸Ʒֲͬûͷиҵģҽгһ߶ѣҪƱɲϼѣ
а£յˡ
ˣһԼĸûһģǴ硪ͳͳ4弶硪ھͽеĿˣʵף߱һ
ٵȲˣһ˳ҲǴһ²ٶȣһƱǰС
յԺ󣬼ôĿ˾͸Էɢȥˡ

߲ˮɺϡ
ݹ·磬ˮ󲿷ˮже壬ееˮ򳣬еֻӵѪͨᡣɽСߡѼԴͬʱһһ˫ʵףȽǿ󣬵ҲǿߣԵԼϢʱ˫ͶûܷĴڡ
ҹҧ㣬ȴһͨԼڱ̽ӵʱԱ
ǣ˫ͬھ
ߵ˫ûð̳Լõһļ䣬֪һһ֮ôңΪһƬ
ֻˣûҲ˳ߵ
Ҫ˵ϲĵǱڶˮˣʵ߹λҪѪȴռˮͻᱻ֮صǲˮء
ǡãôѪѪ
Ϣռ⻹㸻ĵĺҲᱻǼ©ˡ

6νḻʹһƬƫƧĺеԴҲǳֻ࣬ʵȻóȻȥϴǾ͸ɴʱ׼¸
ʱ䣬ѼеԴշԭеľΪͣں˴ԭеˮ
أ߾ôѸٵʼļƻڴ˷簲ҡ
ֻϾûԺˮóչءֱ㷨ңΪֹ

翴ߴӡ˯ѹſھͰתĹͣٻſ壬㿪֪ͨ
˫ڿڶ֪ͨʱ΢΢һ¡
ţ㿪֪ͨеӡ

ȿ˹翪ĵľ˵ϸϸط[米]
ȷǸҪΣЩܵõԴʲôȥԼҪʲôԼȥҪʲôļƻҪʲô֮ԥؾǰġ
еĸпʧ缶Ļܴ
ϴεĸȾ߻ó߳˲ͷûǮ˴ûᣬЩΣգҲȻҪȥƴһƴġ

翴ߵȥ˺ܶ˵ġ
Ϊ뿪ƱѾȥʱ䣬Ȼܶ඼ȥ/׬Ǯ/ˣڷ»ҲʲôͻЩѾȥˡ
Ŀڿ֪ͨ󣬾ѡ˻ع顢μӻ
Ͼ֪ͨû˵ʲôʱôͻԽȥԽܸ㵽ôɡȻ΢еʵģѡĶȥ翪ġ


333 ˵Ĵ
һոɡһųֲá磡ĸǿûȤȥأЩп, ʥϵġүүҲǳȤܶѾõģҪڻӡһȥ, ûõеҲ΢ŵʹôĿ, ҲԸ⹵ͨˡ
ǰĿ, Ҳкܶʵ, ЩҲôż, Ͼӻ, ûҪϵĲǣе, Ҳеġ
оͰ浥Сֱİ, ˾һ, ֮ǰȥ˻磬ͦҲ׬˺ܶǮ˵»ֲ֪񻨽ôȫƵ, ʵ, ׻ԣСҪ򶼻ѧϰҩ֪ʶϣѡ, ǵһˡ
Ԫعκ衢ԪԪš½ա᰺ҽ׺˺ĵǡһӺ볤ǡ謺ˡˬ쳣Ĵͽܡnpĵĵù1쾡ûboss⡢ͷ㷴Ŀɳĸ߷쪡һ̫ӡĩǡŮŮԷ衭Щƿ˶ǾḻģϵõСֻҪһʵﵽ˶׻ϣͻѡȥģûﵽĻ, ѡɽ
ô⡭
ǵһԪعκ, һ̫ӡԷĸ᰺ͽЩˡ
Щ˶ֵб, λߣȻǲܸбʿһһſΪǰรԼķչ׬˲ǮѡһĸɷûġЩĳԱǣͿԱһɽȻ˶󣬼һԴѵҲܺɣΣԻСͱһȥĺʵĵöˡȻҲܶԿûȤǾ͵õڻɽ׬һٿʶġʵߵĿһȥ紳һˡ
ټϺܶܶ¿ˡ֮¿ȥڶȻ֪֪֮࣬ԼֻȥһʵҲ
ЩǵⰮӵſ߸ġⲿŵ˲УμӻɽܵѰһԵĵر
ˮ֮УдĻ֣ܳ˻⣬ǸմϱߵġһЩĵʲôɸպҪʩչķţͬҪԵĲϡƷ׵ĵرȻеĳۼҲ̸϶ô󣬿һˣҲǳԲסġãһݵǮ˵лҵʮϰٷأǿɾ׬ˡ
ȻⰮ翪ҲǺܸȤģȨףδ֪Σյ5磬ӹɣǻɽʺǵ״

ڶ˷׷ӿУٴεõ׸˽ģ׸ʲô㡣
ʲô㣿
ĴǣһͨͨġסǿߣԪһͨ˵ȥ翪ġ
ǵģ翪ҲǸȤġ
Ȼȥ棬ȥ翴·ʲôĵر˳ֲ˻Ǻġ
ǣȻҲͺܿظ
˳Ҳһʡ
ˣȥǲȥ

ϺҲҪȥ
յ֪ͨͬʱҲյⰮ룬ȥͻݽйһ顣Ⱞ˵ⲿŵҪȥɽɼԴ翪ĵ£ɶԴ˺ܸȤѰȥ롣˫ҲѺЭһѰ￪ʲôܺĵرˣԹоصöѰò̫ôⲿԸ⻨һĴ۸Ѱ
һԼĹңϵȻ֧֡
ʹԼҵܵԺҲһȥ磬һһȥɡ
٣û״ʱһһȫ

һŻĹӴżеĽʿһĸ¥ȥ
Ǹ¥ǻǳϹӵƷζнʿϴϲúЩ΢Ľ֮飬ظ档
Ӹյǰʱ򣬴߳һӰǸĸߴ֫޳ӣһ⺷֮
߽ϸȥͻᷢӵʵԴۣ˵ѾǿˣʵӦûǸɡ
ɳһ񣺡¡
¶һ΢Цнˡ
Ҳ˸Цݣеµĸ
󣬼нʿҲ׷׳ܺκ
һˣԪعκǺļ涼ܳʵĸκǸǳ̿ˣʵͻƵ˶ײ˵ҲһֱûиСǧ˵ļӳɣͻͽʱڣԽԽǲеĻʵԽ죬ʵϵĽչԪعҲ˺ܶôͬʱҲܰѴǿ߶ѹģʹԪعҵչ൱˳
ĸǾ˹۲ܾõġȾ߻ıѡģƷеʵĶ޿ޣԷֱǸʸͬеĻﴳЩĸͼʶе棬ټϹŴܽ壬õ֮ԼǵõӺΣǳԪعҲҳϡκʵҲǷǳݡ
κ賯˵ͷ⣺һҪȥһƬɽĸѾӽһˣֳ֮ɢж֪࣬˴ڻɽѼԴǼѣ˵ǵõԴгȡһΪѣǵĸ˻ԼѡǽṩԴǡڵعѪʱ䡣ѹͣܵ㹻ķңԶӵһԴԴϵѪءΪһƬ⣬Ҫǲźá
нʿӼ׷ױȭǣл£лκ
κȷʵǳҳϣҲ⡣
ţżһǰеУﹺƬٻҶƬָĸʿһƬԼԪعܹǷΪȥѼԴġ
˱ٻҶ⣬һЩ˵ҩҲ٣ͬκָʿȷİȫӳڻɽʱ䣬زò뿪Ǻ˷ѵġɽʱǿԷֿʹõģ񿪷ʱһ뿪ʱգɽСʱƷѣСʱСʱ50־ͳô´νȥʱ򣬻ʣʱСʱ10֣ȷҲᱻĨ
һ׼κٴĸ¥
¥ʵǻɽڣ˵Ժ󻹻ƵĻҲڸ¥棬ǵĽ
¥ڲҲͬǳԪعǴ׹ķ࣬ϸ۲ͻ֣ᷢ¶һ൱صϢڲϵ⻪þ˶еѣΡ
ȻϷģڵһҲ࣬ж̨
κҪô£Ԫعһֱ̨ۣ߽ǰְջҪ󣬶ٻԵſ
ȻǿԿҪĻҪĻʱ䣬ǣκֻҪԼʱͿˣԪعԼ⣬Ҫ򸱿ʱ䡣
ɺԪعѸٻ
нʿȥ
ԪعſռˣȻǾͷ׷׷֣ǵϣˡСʱʱ


334 Ѽĵر
κȻ˵ȥλСİȫ, ϧҩһвɵֵָ֮ʱ, ͺ뿪ɡ
λнʿ֣Ӧǣκ
κ˵ȸһ֣֮ɽȡԴСʱȥ֮, ۡ
нʿȻٴӦŵ
κŶһЩ磺֮Լ޷£øרõС·Ϣָ¡˲ҪͻԷ̫ȼ, ˷ʱִرԴ, Ķ˵ѰԴҪϸ, ʹһʱҲҲؽǣΪҪ˵ȫ˵Ժ, ߵԪع, ػơ
Ԫع΢΢һЦ, ˵Ȼһͬǰȥɽɡ
нʿǣ
һߵ¥һĲ, мȴš
ĿѡͬһŽ룬ִɽĵصȻɻ, ǻͬһطѡӲͬĴŽȥ, ôصͬʱͬһŵĿһ𣬲ͬŵľͻֿڲͬ
ԪعǷ, ôͷֱߵͬȴŵǰ
֮Զûٶ˵ʲô, ֻ˳˽ȥ

Ԫعκ貢߽Ҳĵһ, ̤żǾ͸оһǳ΢ѣΣһ˲Ǿ͸оһɷǳǿҵĳȷХû˿ˬвٻӼ棬˴ĵ׸еȡ
ΧľҲˣͽɲǶѣȴվһ͹Ľʯϣŵװ嶼ܸоȣʯĸǻȵҽ·γҽԶкüɽϷϸϸĻһɽ嶼΢΢Ȼ䣬ϷðỤ̃ǻɽǸƵģ³һ˸Ļ
ɱܴ󣬴ԹƣмӵѾﵽˡ
һ̣˳ɽԪعκýϽǻٶ̫죬⧲ؾ˵ǰ
ʵ˵Ļ緢Ȼ˺Ԫعκ費ͬԪعǸϧˣźܶƷ˵Ƕ׵ˣ׵Ҳܷסκ͸˵ʵڶףԸЩȶ׻һ˿ʱȻ׾ٵġ
κ赱һԪعǰ
漴вסһѷǳĴ󵶣ֱǰնͰǻеȫˡ
ͬʱԪعͻȻ֣ǰȻץһ¡
Ȼء˻һ
κһлͷе£û°ɣ
ԪعЦЦ̯ơ
һͨͮġӨ͸ʯ̬ǳڲԼһ˿··γһĨҶӰ
κһǻ
û뵽ļֵʲôģģҵ±̺ġܲûˣҲûƤɿžﲻ̹
Ԫعô̺죬Ц˵㿴ƷҲѴﵽˡǳ۸Уֵ500ҡֻһѽ˰ʱķò㡣
κԪعˣȻҲǸ˵ģĻǵ̺죬һ߸ţһߴӴֻóһܸҩԪعĨϡ
ҩһģһ˵ЧǳãűһʼͱˣǵɽеĻ̫ǿ
ԪعֻǸԼ˾ɷκٶȴ㶡
ȻݸһЦκҩҩЧܿ죬ǵ̺Ͼʧˡ
Ԫع˵ѱٻҶȡɣ⼸ɽеĸ緢һЩҲܻԾӦûвٺõԴǾȥһҡ
κҲ΢΢ģȻ̴Ӧǣ¡
ţκȡһƬƴҶǰҽһס
գۼ䣬ҶһС۴Сȵҽϣɢ⣬뷽Բʮ׵ĵطһˬС
ԪعƬҶϣκҲȥ
κ˵£ݰɡ
Ԫع谭κ⣬ӦһҶһߣۿκվ˸ǰ͹ҶˣҶƮķ򡣶ԼҲûţȴһֱ۲ҽеѰԴټ
ţٻҶκݶ£ǰƮȥ

ҽ̫ƽȣϾһֱҽӲͬĻɽעУǻһЩӿġٻҶûǰĳۼۣ¾ôһƬҶǿƳ֮ģԲҽôӿȵȫû˿η塣
ԪعκҲúܰȫΪǷ֣ҽͻȻ˹ɴģøҽ͵ظԾ𣬺Ҫ˵ҶƵģʵڼӽ󣬾ͱٻҶ϶Ȼһ޷ӽҶ֮ϡ
ǽ˾͸רעѰԴˡ
ҽϣðݡ
ⱾǺܳ󣬵Ԫعȴһͳһų
ԪعעھɫٿȻĴСʮ׼ֱͶ뵽ҽУҲϵӡ
ӺԪع
ȻأʹԪعھȻЩȡ
κԪعߣһͬץסһ
֮£ǳڱ沢ûֻɢɢأŵľϣ˴ʮɫġС۳㡣
κ΢ҽ𣿡
ԪعҲ¶һЦݣҽ𣬿ǵƷ࣬һ׶ĺ
ԭոҽӦԪع·ҽļ׼õסЩݵĵطٵؽһ¡
ֻһʮβҽ𣬶Ԫع֮ЩקҲΪҽʷǳܣڻŨȷǳߵĻÿһβҽ൱أҪκһ
Щҽﵽһ׶⣬ֵһ׶ҩĲ࣬ÿһβиչ۶700ϣʮβȫۣҲһͷķҡ
νǴջˡ
ôһȥɱ̻һ롣
Ԫعܺãٻſһˣõ˵񲻹Źȥһʱ䣬ѾջɽĻҵȶԣȻǼĸ
κҲܺãԼǡ
ţҲ˷ʱ䣬ȿٽЩҽϽ
Ļضܾôɷţ봢ﻷҽҲ̫áڱ˵취㱣յĺ֮ģɶԪع˵Ͳô鷳ֱռˡ
ĿռѾˣŨȻͻƲ㼶˺ܶ࣬Ԫعڳ˺ü
ҽȷҽУŽˮһЩԵҩҲǿԴܳһʱġ
ڻԵҩ
ԪعҲ׼ʱֱʰһҩȥСȻҽȫŽǳȻأȷʵúúõġ

ҲɽԴȷʵ࣬ҲпԪعãŪĵر󣬱ٻҶһκһðŻɽʯϣһһƷĻݣÿһݣ450ңһжʮꡭ


335 Ƿ׷׬Ǯ
Ԫعκڶ̶ʱﲻŪسɱе׬ɱɲĻ, ҪϼĻѵģɽԴķḻɴ˿ɼһߡ
⣬ʵϲʺǵĿҲ½½, ׷׿ʼѰԴ

һСɫƤ§һƤĽС, һɽʯһԾ, ȻڼԺ󣬾༸ʮ׵һɽʯϡ
СɫƤ곤࿡ΣȽС߳һͷ, ʱҲûſֻ˳һֳֻ·һ̣޶һðǵĻڽСǰֻΡ
С㿴Ҿ˵ץɣСƤЦ˵͸
С귭˸ۣ˵֪
ˣߴСɫǸȻǰףֽСģСˡ
ͬͬ, Ҳ, ǲͬˣȴѾദñֵܶҪ׽öࡣ
ղŰӲҪһԼĵ, պǽغͿһɽʯлֲСһϳ, ׾ͲС£§˾ͱQȥˡ
װֲ͵Сǰ, СȻ԰׸ղô嶯ľٶƢ, ȴҲǰֲúõ
Сһָǰ, ֱ׳˵ٳ
һ֣ϣ
һأûٱQˣͳֻԼСһ˱һ
Сʵһ㣬ȴѾˣϰߵذעȥʱһӱϻһͷȥ
ͬһʱ̣ҲסС֣һ·ǰɣֻһ˵Цݡ

ڻɽɽУҽƷʵĻǰԪعκҵİ׺Сͬҵ
ֻҽƯҪȥ̵÷ѵ
׾ԲƤСȥ̣С죬Ӵﻷֱͳһܱٻҩֱӹ˽ȥ
ٻҩҲΨһֶΣ׵ϴһƤףø߼޵ƤëƶɵģƷ״ﵽף԰ڵˮƽû취ֱģƤ׵ķȴԷģټϱٻҩ˵ðֱҽӾȴҲᱻҽ˺ˡ
ױСһ£֮һ̽־ͳһץȥ
ȥʱĽŲҽϣزţҲûݵҽȥЬҲͬһ˫ŵġ
ȻȻ׷ǳ˳̵һҲŷȥǻһӣѻС
Сĵץסϴһ˫ףǻƤģͬԱٻ𣬻ܸȶȡ׶Сӵúúûսﻷ
ֻǡ
ص㡣
ССģܲסͳ 
ףá
һ˺üСĴҲˣŸ߸˵ַȥСһ
̻ʱҪҪĵеһȥеͣôڰһ¡Ȼ󷴶Сһץס§
ףѽ
Сָһҩ
׹һתӾͻָˡ
Űٸ첲һ죬ְС§ס
˸߲ңȥһɽȥ
Сߣ
˳ģһ˹ȥ

ߴӢվڽʯϣƴִųȣôһĽ󡣵ЩģŸꡣ
ϸԴһĨ⣬žֻ꣬ת䣬żһĨ¶ʲô¾áɡ
һߵĽʯˢˢһͬε̬ȷǳӣ࣬Ժֻ۽ǵܣڵڵļ
ȻڵȺ
ʱԵͷԻѯʣ𣿡
ϢȻһ䣬û˿ԣȻһЦãҶŷڼأܣأ
ЦҲܺá
ţֹһߵЩŮ֪װȫҲûκ֮Ҳͷ
˵һзֿѰңʱˣлϡ
ЩˣȭӦŵѸٱ˴˶ӣֳ˼ˣŲͬȥ
ȻᰣİĽؽЩӹɣؽεʮҲؽԭΪԼԸ⽫иչ˵ĸ
ᰱǲϲȺ۵ģֻҽ磬ؽĸǸദôãȻҲסԴҶضͣɽԺ󣬱ض᰺ؽһж˸Էġ
ĸ뿪ˣ᰻ؽƬҲԸֿؽϰᰵҲ֪ԼһκûаȫУۻĻ̫ܣǸɴӴﻷȡһƬٻҶҽУȻȥôһ§ᰣһ߼ԦҶۡϣ᰼ѰҲԼᡣ
ŻΪɽԴ̫棬ûãû̫ԴȴһɽİɽһѿڣŻ⣬ȴսһŷǻڵڲȻ¶ʵʵƷֻƷӣᴿÿһ﴿۸ҲͰʮң󻹲ʲôǺƶġƶĿҲǿ󣬴ӻ濴鴿ȼߵ΢Ӧþͻܾէȥ²Ҫмǧ
᰿ǿһɼɺ䱸ҽ¶ٽʿڼףҲǿ̾˿
ýڿǲܵģۡôֻܴǵԼˡ
ſ˽Щµĸֳշ˸źţЩһϽڿ
ȿˣǸȥ
ܿ죬ڶĸ׷׸ڿʱҲ˳¶ϲɫ
ţ᰺ؽһ£Ǳɿжֱǻڴٶȿʼɼ
᰺ؽˣΪҪĸڳ𣬾ûתƷֻڸۡҲ½ѰǷ͵ĵر
֪䣬ȻҲջ

̫ӳڵѾȫתˣпͨǰĹܺ󣬰һʹųȥһͨĵͼƼȥѧϰΪ֪ʶʵǺ̺ԵʣǸ˺ܳһʱ䣬Ҳóڳ˽Ǹ淽ʽϰߣؿҰҲԼԼҶδĹ滮
ò˵λ̫ûۣаһԭ綥ߣǳ˳֣ѧ㹻ĶͬʱعУؽץԼķԸ÷תˣøֶΰˡаǸĸףҲϵΪȨ谭ĳӵȵȡ
һϣҲմȾ˸Ѫ
̫ӳģȴҲЩֶʵҪ밵һӡΪԣҲǻ⣬û˿еĵطҲκ
ٺҵƺ˺̫ܶ࣬ӳûмŵǻȴҰ뷨תưյ
Ҳʱ򣬳ںͰһͬʱյе»֪ͨѡ˻ɽȥ׬һʡ


336 ׷׬Ǯ2
ճڵ뷨, Ȼȥ翪ĸ׬ǮԼʵ˰һȻ԰һﵽ׵, ȫȥתһȦġһ׳ڵ˼, ǰ, Ȼǧ᲻ãѾڽˣҲѾʼ, ٲֻмã, ǻ޾, һĸԸ, Ϊȥ翪׬Ǯ, Ҫʱֿ
ڰһԺҲ˰һ뷨, ж֮࣬ȴܾˡ
ԸһֿǾûɽҲܲ, һȻȥ翪, ǱŰԴĿģǱȻᾭΣ, ðһ, ˴˻ൣǣͬȥɽ԰ȫ̫࣬Ļ, ׬Դδرȥ翪١
һ˵Եɺ, ϻϲ
Ȼ, ΢˼ܴ踱ѡѡ޳غϵЩٴغϵ澫ϸѡˣ¸
һԼʣ²ٵӸˡ
ԼڸȾ߻ٰʱƴؽɱȾߣڻ׬ʮҡЩǮСǧĿ˵Ѿˣ̫మµ裬Ը⣬ЩǮͰһǧȥǰһǣҳ¹ĻҲûϵȹų¹Ȱ¾ˣȥҲ١
ȻȻأټˣڽ˸ϿĿ˳ͨ˿飬Ҳ˵õ˸ӳɡ
š
֪ȥϲ񣬼ȲҪ̫밵ǰС
Ȼ󣬳밵һ˽УǹһЩܹٻĵƷ׵ı˵󣬾еˡ
ͬʱǰȥμӻʱ䣬ЩҲɺ󣬲һ˻ɽ硣

ӻȱĴŵŨҵĻŪȲѣţǲŷԼǿһŻվ˻֮ڵһƬʯϡ
ĸǰһԵ̵İǱϴȫҳڰһͳ˵ģӴģڰٰ㿼Сǳϵ佫ǵĸҵ̫ӵػ̫ӵͳΪǱѧ֮ʿҲ֪ͨΪԼڳϻԾϧԼӵСС;ȥƴɱܹھӵɳΪ̫ӷ佫ģȴԺȴĵģ֮࣬ǻԸΪ룬ҲǾٿ飬űѡгΪڸһ׷֮ˡ
ڣ֪УĻ磬Ҳȹ̡
ݵĺǷ׷ע⵽ʯϵû̫Ӻһֱ̫ӵİ죬ɶż
Һãһ佫ӹ죬Ѹҵϵ壬ϵ
ѣŷǰһɽ΢ĵطһ͹ʯ̫밵úõվ
һ˵ı֣ͷڳڶߵ˵̫ӣ˹ȻԺԸӵ
΢΢һЦԺҲҪһ
һͷġ
˵䣬Ϊظ
밵һͬУ˷ȥѰҡʱԺ֮ڻϡ
õظѸףңң̫ӵķ󣬶ȡõıٻ΢ϰһϤ󣬾ͺֳܿ
佫һĸֳ
֮˵ͬȥ
ںͰһȡٻҶһųȥҲķȥ

һΪ죬ǳ굶Ѫģ1ĸݣڸȾ߻һ֮޶ʮңɼóʵս
ڻɽͬʵֺܶö
ԣûϰСʱһѾҵһƬɽҡҷĻ֡
Ļ΢ھͿһƬ˻⻹һֻԵĳӣֳӴûеԵʣʹǳȴ˳ҵһٶǵŻ裬Ƕ׵ıٷҡ
Щ⣬лкܶףÿһ·ʯһ㾧Ө͸ɢȵ
ףȻֻһ׵ĵر൱࣬Ļͬ׬Ǯ
ûٻ˹һ𣬶Ҫɰһﴩȡڻһһսﻷ
ڻĹУڲЩִĻƺпգЩ졣ܿһæһֿ˿ۺ󣬿ϳڷֵĻ񣬲ŷڲݷǳԶĻУкܶ಻пյ˲֪µĻ顣
Ƕ׶ıֵƣƣЩͻһѹγƷߵĵر
ȻûܸһȴתΪߵ⣬еĻѾ̣ʱ򵥼ۻ󡪡ͨĻҲǶ׶⣬ȴ۽̵Ļ۸񲻱䣬ȴÿһÿһͨ飨һļ۸ˡ
ôһƬأҲֵòȥĵطѰ˵Ϊ겡⵼£ǱҪʵϲһ̫طһŪ㹻ֵı˵Ǹֵϲ¡
һ׳ϲϲҲֵø磬ĬһͶ
֮պƽͣš
ͬʱ˵ĴﻷУҲϵرһһĵرӯ

ŮԷ裬ڸȾ߻гںǳ˱񣬿ϾһŮʣһڽ̬󣬺ж˳˺ܶࡣȻҲǿᰮӵģڿᰮ֮࣬ҲһЩιϣǺģһӺù˲٣ǶҲӳݡ
һԷ赹Ҳپʲôˡ
еĻ룬еĸҲ׬˲ǮµԼ֪Լ£ֱѡ˻ɽ
ԷҲȴǰ̫࣬ѸԼѡʮΪĸʮ˶սȾģһ˽⣬Լõ裬Զǳϲ
ţԷʮʱ䣬һɽ硣
ļͬиͬȥλ߲ͬԷѹû˷ֿǵʵߣֿѰҹȻЧʸߣӦΣͲˡ
ʮһһжһ·ĵرԺѹεٶҲǱȽϿġ
Է˵ҲУûʲô֮ĴƷҲЩж֪ܶʶֻ֪ԱֵףѸٷֱǰھ򣬿ǰɣǷһӡ
˻ӷǱˡӡ
ǻɽǿĳγɵģг겻Ļ棬ЩɽҳĶЩ澭պתΪıֻ߸պһЩӱǿԿ˻ĳԾѿ󳤳Եıֲ
ǰĻ棬ǡֶС


337 ׷׬Ǯ3
Էվڻǰ, һ֣ʮϻƤƤѥִϻƤ, ȫװܲ͸, һȥ
һֻ𾫣ϸϸܵغĥɵķ, ֺɰֻÿһ˸΢΢Ĺâǳ, һ۲ϴС, ƷҲߣֻƷģʱ۽, ᰡһҲͰҡﵽץѣͲֹˡ
˻⣬ﻹʮƺֻܶҩȱٵ, Ʒ״ﵽһ׶, ֵȻҲǺܸߵġ
ԷΪŮ, ûпȥһЩ, ûϵĸ֮о׼ģܿ˳, Ѹٸ֪ͬҪɼЩԴ, ֮١
û, һĽԴͶװﻷԷ迴ڶĸæȻ죬׶Դֵ΢㣬Ҳرܿ죬ɺ⡣
ô⣬ҲɲʲôġԴۿɼĵطǲԶ֣ҪһЩҲ˦ƹ
ĸǲû
ԺڸŮһͬдƴѾʮ㡣ǸϣŮһʱϲʹ͸һſǾ͸ˡ

˵ԪǱߡ
ȻѾϡ˵Ҫһȥ翪ģһȥỨһЩʱ䣬Ҳ᳤ʱǱߣѰĺܶ๤ҪšϺֲһж籾ֻȥʣû׼ҲͲȥǾһȡһɡ
ڼ䣬Ԫ˵ȥʵкֻһСʱļٴһСʱžûرֱӻصе˽լ
ϤˮԪָͷϤɢȥͻֵ̳桭
ҲûԪսɽ˳һһЩڻеı֣һĿǰʲôջ
ˮȻܿһİס
һͷѾΣʩչĹ磬ô
°ͣϲ˭ǶǺųİ׿쿨Ŀ˰ɣʵҲһףڻɽдеʱܿ죬ԴʱҲ൱ϸǴһҲͬ
ԪѣڶɽĻ档
Ϊʲô˵ڶأ
ΪͬȥˣһһжŮ̬ܣп˺ĺ֪Ҳ˵һѰԴһѰﻹһ߸п˱Լ磬һ߻˵ǹͦйѪӾζ
ҪǸյõвõʱ뻹ǻЩѪºܸȤѾƵˣ㹷ѪԺ˼
ۼѰԴƺͨԪˣٸԼҶ̨
ŵĵġһɽˣȫ粻̫ʶףѼԴ˳ģҲͿ㡣
Ԫɵ̨ǳԹ
һΣǿףҲԪعκ衣
ջףͷ
ٿһ졣
һǲ졣
һˣ׺СͦҲͦ׬

һһΣûãѾ˴Ѿɽġ
ŵһأرС
ԭֻΪѼԴģĿǰˮ֮еǡ

ǲμһλɽ˻ⲿţͷ˲ⰮˡԸ̫æˡ
ϵȫϢϷѾܻȣڶŬҲвСɣеں϶ֵĹⲿžֵ֣ⷢƵڲϱ죬ҹҲٱøǿ󡪡ҲͷһֵĹﻹԼ߽ΧڽֵĹ﹥ʱǼˣһΧȴֻԹ﹥ʱĶˡ
ϳĸе˳ӹ߾ɱ˹֣ʵǾҰһȫĿԲٷ֮ʮݻһ룬ҹԺĳֻܼʵһͣ˭֪Щﻹֶãߵȼħֻʲôʱ٣
ħ飬ڳֵĲӱħ飬ҲﵽˣǵĳǿⲿŹ㣬һʼֵĹǰڵģѾ׺ڣϳ۷
ô˼µˣж츳Դ㹻Ի쵽ͬﵽ۷ˮƽ
֪һ߼ħԺǵӦԾͻӼѡ
һжҪֶ룬Ⱞⲿͳﲿеĸţŵַɸؽ⡣
ⰮѲѾԼĹ״кعѡɽھԴǡ
Ĺزѡ
ײߣԷһӵʿְⲿţȻûʲôıΪⰮε֮ͬһպһǧŵʵרŵ̴̶ͷġ
ӣѡѾͨŬԼһĲųԱȫûףֻҪ˸ڲŷ֪ͨʱؾͿһȥ
ǣڻʼʱ򣬺׵£˶ʮˡ
ټǣⲿһֱ󣬿ɾܾǰŬù򸱿ʸĳԱֻôˡ

ע⵽ʱ򣬺߽ɽ硣
ۿЩڽ֮󣬾ԷȥʱСӣʮ÷ֳĸ飬ʵǿԳɶӡ
һ˳ͬȥÿһҲ˱ٻҶ൱󲿷ֵıٻҩ/ȣҶأɢ
ԪȤָ
һ룬ˮһ飬Ǿȵطֳ澵ӣÿһ澵ϣʾһĻ
翴˿ʵԱǵʵһϣӳҪôһ۷壬Ҫôﵽסеĺ׸˲ãʵ޽ӽ׵ģֻҪǵŨһ㣬Ϳ˳µسΪ׵ĵʿ
º׵ʵպڻɽݺᣬڶе·ϣ˳ڻɽɽڳ˻̦һƬһƬͬʵĵֺ̺ȼŻ棬ֻǳȼչȼգȴʮˣԺһƷƷʱÿһ׼ĵλ㣬ÿһƽ׵ļ۸񣬾͸ƷĲࡣ
Ƭɽϵǻ̦ҲæһذףٵͬǽֽƵģƬƬذеĻ̦ڰ˲䣬͸յﻷȥˡ
˺ףҲܺá
εһ飬ĳɽɽ֮ڷ˻أĻȻ࣬ɽȴܴĻӶǶƷĺöһԱһᣬ뵽ͻźɴԼȫ¶ȻһҽҪȥ·ȥǷźˡ


338 ءź
Աжν൱֮, ԱǼԺ󣬶ŵ̾ɼʹҲûˣöԱÿ, ԱٶǸҲûԱȥɲץס
û취ԱҲֻøϽ̰Լװ, ϸ۲Ż, ʱ׼оԮ
ǸԱԺ, Ҳ˲еһɼµдݵԼ, ˲Ͷ˷, Ƶ֫
һţʶؾͿʼתԼĹ
ֵһǣԱԭһλԵߣھԺֺ˵زɼպɵһֻԵʵһñĹʵ
Աɽ븽ׯ, Сͷǳ, Ҳó˶ɽϷѻԺҲɽǿ÷ǳ, мʮŹӣÿһ, һ£ɽд󱬷, űⲿŵ⵽, Ѹ˰нڽн̵
ҲԸɣҲ, ҲǻҲһЩ΢Ӱ, λԱڲǳظڴ, Ҳô̵ʱܴյ򸱿Ǯᵽɽˡ
ԱתĹȫϢϷŪġ
ǵģΪߵҲȫϢϷŵʱѡ˽룬ֱѡ˵ڶģʽ˵ʺĹٶȿʼִʵ
ʱڶԱת뵽ڵĻͷǿ壬ͬһʱ̣ϵϢҲԽԽǿֱֻǵĳ̶Ѫţʹټȥ»ø³
ʵϸȥԱȻо͸ķʵϴŵķƷûбƻҲֵһ룬ֻƷԲ㣬޷ȫֿʣµռȻͻЩܲסġ
Աһ²٣ҲͬһǲĴһᣬʹൽ
ҪҲҪȷµûź
һҴܣʹһǲò˵λԱһֱ
ôϹȻĴӺźôһǰ
ϵԱһֱڹעԱһܶﶼһ㣬ּҵźϽȿԼ״˵
Ȼһ룬ЩԱͷ֣»صλͬǰźԼǲҧһڡ
λҲǹҪ̼ƲźõǰԺ󣬾ͱܵظоһɷǳǿźȻɢģ
оԼоˣһҧһڣ
ʵ֤һ߼ߵıǺõģڳһźԺ󣬾һٵϯȫػתջʱʹ࣬ڵλʱյ࣬Ҳࡣ
ʶģֳ˼źҲڷɿת
ףʹ಻̫Ӱʱ򣬸ϽسŻرԵ˹ȥһϢһ߱ǿͬʱҪͣسԼһź
Աһ±Ƶؿ龰ȫͬ鵽ڸʲôҲǷͬϵܹŹ֣ǶǺдˣҲͶȥš
ڣںüԺλԱѵ˰
һϰͰԼƽˣԱŷϵķȫյͨ죬ҡҡ׹ĺѾﵽ˼ޣʱһͬʱѾ̱û촽ţǺܼѵӡ
ۼͬиȽϸŮԱע⵽ͬȡǸʣһСڵİźһͬ
زĳ嶯һðźѸĥڵŮԱмһЦ
ŮԱ˸ۣٸȥһ顣
ʣµźȫι嶯ǶԱǶԱ˿ԼԼղ˵˳
ʵ֤ԱΪ̫³ç³çҵĶȴǺö
ңòҪеĺö
źͨѩףӡศɣЧػ𶾡һѼ㹻ЩԵ߻˵ƸˡϾɽһ֣𲻸ߵǣӴ˾ײȱٻԵˡɻһֺܱҵ˵Ϊ߾Ϳȫߣͷ߱յòϸҲױ˺ġⲿŵĻҩ۸񶼲ˣǹӦ
ְźĳ֣мá
ҲΪԱ׻ֻǶԺҪ³ç󣬽žûٶ˵ʲô
˻ڲȻ뵽취صµİźҳȻȫɼ

ˮҲ嶯ĶԱԱķӦȻԼܻҩĴ
ʵͦġ
࣬Ҳע⵽ƷƷ׵͵ȷʵࡣƷ׸ߵļ۸͸ߣϵǣġȻһЩҲ̫࣬ȻҲǲ̫õġ
ҲԣԵƷҲԴԴϵģȻԻľͻˡԽߵƷԽ࣬Խ͵ģҲԽǲ
Ҳֻ˵Ʒ׵ĻƷδȻԵ͵ÿԺˡ
˼ţԪ˵ԪСǧĿҪƷԺҪظһ㣬ҲѸһ㡣
ԪͷصĻȥһЩİλ档ҵƻɽҲᵽΪƷƷĻ֮һ
۾΢תԪһڣԪ˽ң
ԪҲͷĴһڡ
Ҳ֪ܰλǳ࣬ҪҵƻɽĻǺٵģҪȻ֮ǰѰʺȫϢϷİλʱҲûϡԪȥѰҵʱѰ٣ҪУǶҵҪҲҲûĻ˵ֻܶԵͼ߱ʾźˣԺ类ҵǸʱƷĿȻͻΪӡ
΢һº翿Ԫˮϵ
˺׺ҵص⣬ӳԱǸԶҵһЩԵĵرеҵһƬСȼŻĲݵأԴժȡԵݣеҵƷ֮ǰܶ˶ظҽһ񡢲֮ģеķһóðСȴ˹ӵĹȻǻԣǸоͺºͣӵƷҲܸߣƺаһѪã
һһɨԺҲûע̫ࡣ
ڻеıֲ˵Ҳԣҵ˺ܶȱԴôҲͲҪˣⲿȻԴ׵ġ
ǲٶ࿴Ԫ̨ͼһĿˣЩ˵ջɲ١
˵ɽУķľٰ죬Ҳ൱ɹġ


339 ǰ
½½, Ҳͷһ׸Ǳ߻ûϢǾԪ, ٴνУ
˵ʵڵ, ĽʵˣõеʱĲ, ĿǰĽԺٶȱȻԽԽġҲˮĥˡ

һ, ϺְѸô¶ˡ
ڿ޵绹ȫ˶֪, Ԫû, ǵ˽ɲǣһֱ§Ԫ
Ԫͷ˿
״ƽʲôҪͷ, ǾԲӣ˳ȥ, ز䵽ϡ
е磺
е㷢
ϤĴлǺܿǷʲô, ϰԵػӦǵǣȻЦۡ
Ԫ, Ұ
ԪŵͣĴ˵ϸ㷢˽ˡ
ü, ٻԼϵͳ, ˽ġ
˽ĵݺܼ, ǸǱѾŲһµʱ, ʱǰ翪ġ
Ц, ظ
ȻʱԳġ

翪Ļͻɽһ𿪷ŵģ߽ķʽͬ
ɽĽص½ɵĸ¥У翪Ҫǰʵ5磬뷽ʽʵǰȾ߻ƱǰȽơ
еĿҪȥҪƱġ
Ʊ˰㣬ƱʵеģʽҲʵƷֱӿԼſġƷӰп
˵㿪ƱƷѡԼҪȥʱ䣬ȻֻҪſϵ㹻оͻԶ۳ǲֵķңȻͻһƱƱ¼ʱ䡪¼ʽǣʣʱСʱղͬʱ㷽ʽ
ܺöȥпˣ׾Ҫô

ΪҲԼݸ׸һȥ̽Ծ֪Ǹʲô磬ҲûǰȥǵĿ
ڸԼ׸ȷҪȥϢҲûȥֱӱʾǵ˽š
Ȼû飬Ǳ߸ֵĶҲܿ죬ֻ˲ʮӣͶѾʰˣֱӵ
ſڣ°ƼӭЦЦ
׸ǿӵʱֻһǾӢܣһǹҫۣĵȻֻڷˡ
˵ֲ˺ܴı仯Եʰɣ׸ӳˣƸӺ¶ȳʱҲһЩƽʱŵʱȻúã̫һǿ¾еʹˡ
ͦõġ
۲˵ϢѾһ۷ˡ
ٶȲν죬ԴԭҲǿ̿ԭ򣬵ȻĹǳʺǵԭ
ãλڽǸ֮󣬿ֻҪ΢սһͻƣΪ׵ߡ
ôιȥʱҲҪһЩԴźá
Цˣ磬ԴҪҲɣҿҪͻˣȥԺǱ߲ɼԴûиǰδá
Լ֪Լ£ҲһʱԼֵϢвʵϣʵͻȥԼҲףܿͻˣͻƻǲȵܾսͻƣǸܴøġȻҲǿԵģ̫ʱ䡣Ϊûܵһ翪ģҪʱ̫ٽȥͻȽȥĿ˸
˵ܵܵѣϵͷҺȥһˡº͵ؿŸԪһԼҵܵܣԪԼȱʲôҲϡǮ˵
糯¶Цݣģء
Ͼǣֵ֣Ҵȥˡ
Ԫ
ԪԱǰϵģǸһ𡣲ĶԪҲٴ˴գܿøʵЩ
ôˣ
˵ԪǻҪϴʲô
Ԫ룺Եġ
һȻ̲סЦԣһȥʱͦģ;ҲûʱԵǱĸá
ǣҲûܱģͰǰ洢Ĳͬʳ׼˺ܶ࣬רװεĴﻷ
˵ģһǻѪ׼õЩ㹻һĿڳϸˡ
׼õʱ򣬾ϺҲҪĶٴθ˻ϡ
ʣõƱ
ˣش˵Һһ׵Ʊһ죬׵ʮ졣뵽ԼҵܵܺԪľ磬ٴѯʣȥãҹ
ǾϲԼҵܵӵĲҪ֮ǰΪǵȫϢϷǹ൱ĹؼģȻ˺ܶǮ˹ؼǸռ䣬ͬĺܶࡣԼΪǰ漸λжнŲ׬˺ܶ࣬ҲòǱʿΪ˿ƱЩͲʣµĻеһˡȻͻᵣģܳ˱ܶǮҪ׼һЩƱʹʵǿܶ࣬ӦҲҪԣܶ࣬Ҳǻĵġ
֪⣬ڰ֣Ц˵ҺͰԪ֮ǰûţ磬ָæϵʱ˽ȥ˲ٵطҲ׬ͦǮġ˵ˣָҪȱǮҲܿڡ
ϼôƶġ
ţش˾ʼ⡣
˵ҸԪһʱ䣬ҪǵʱҪˡ
ϵͷ
һЦڳ
˵ߡ
ֵԪֶû
ţһеĴǰ԰Լſٻһ
Ϊſһ𻮶ôĬֻһͬʱŻ
жȻһССУ仯ΪһȿĴš
˳ǴȥǵӰȫʧǴ֮ڵʱȴҲʧˡ
½½ǺģҪ뿪СҪǰ硢ֻҪȥ翪ĵǣҲóſŻ

ͬһȴŽˣҲͬһط
Ԫ֣Ϻ֣˽̤ʵأվһƬïܵС
ǳǣɲǣѾᵽ˱ǵŨ㡣ƢŨɲǼǵע⡣
ֳ˳ӡĽѪͦŨģĵرĸ֪ҲԣȻھͷֱʲôȴܴ·ֱƷס
׵ıڱǶǰȣȷ׵ġ
Ϻܹϣǹȥ
һδ֪׵ıΧʲôΣգһȺ˵Ҳعǵġ
Ԫһۡ
[Ԫʲô]
[磬ƷĶس]
[ʲôô]
[Ѫеκһ֡]
[ڵڲУ]
[ڡ]
ʱá
ǿźɣ磬˶Ǽõĺö
ҽƷﵽסʵٷãǿѪҲ̫ȫġ


340 
Ԫϳ, û˵ֻǸھϡֵĺߡ
Ȼ֪ܵӵʵԼߺܶ࣬Լ, δ֪飬ӦǸ׵ġ˵Ҳȫ׼װ˸Ʒ׵ķڼ׵, ԵһҲִ⡣
ָͬһ뷨, ҲǷ򳪷棬ûʲô˵ġ
˳ǹ, ƹΧĴһƬľֵǰ
ľֵ̬أǴле, е㡰桱ĸоɴص֦ͷϹųɴĺ񶹼ƵĹʵ, һǻҺɫ, ܶҺڵġԡ֮, ֻͨڵġȻ̫, Ǵڵġԡϴġ
ûڡԡǰ硣
ƬĶ, ʵǺܶࡣ
ĸӽʱ, ܶڵġԡȻͱɫɽɫͬʱǹоʹһĨ⣬оȫͬ, 仯ء
, Ҳʱ, ЩľȻڳһľɫͬķɳ棬Ʒײ̫ߣʹΪ׵Ҳʮֻһ׶ѣŵĸֻסǣ̫ˡ
һ²ǧֻ
Ϻͬʱ֡
ھϵһӣϷ׺һƬƬȼܻ棬԰Ѿڵڻϣӵǿ
ûѧĹǳġƹϵĽԷǳϣڵȻӾ̳ҵʦƵɸΪȹǡΪ棬ʩչʱԼҲתԸȹսȻ̸ôЩҲʮ˳ˡ
ʱػӻϱŷգۼͰסЩɳ棬СʱͰѺܶ׺ڷɳȺЩƷ͵ķɳճɻҽɢ˿˿Ϣ
ͬһʱ̣Ҳˡ
ٶҲܿ죬ƽʱ⣨Է˿ᣨԾϣо˲һѳɫĳǹǹޱɿȥǹĺͬ˸ĺǣÿһ㶼ǡõһֻɳϣȻǹȥľԲʲô׵ķɳ棬Ƿǰ桢׶һ׷ɳ档
ǣǹڷɳϵʱ򣬳˺â͸⣬ͬʱųǿ˫£ǼӲķɳԵֵڱ̴ֱոɾ
⾣ӵһʵʵصסзɳ˹ĵ·ú󷽵Ԫû֮ء

ϴЦҲûŹȥæֻͷԪ˵Ҹʵ
ԪͷЩ֮һѪȫһƣûΪ˰硣ĿǰѾ죬ǻᶨڲժȻһ׸塣
Ҳͷʾס
һѾתƵ磬׵İ總ͨǻػڵģһ˵ػĿǶ۷ģҲ׵ģֹһ⣬ж廢˼׶ΣͷҲܻңһȺһ׵׵İҲͲΪ桪ʵϣôһȺķɳҲܶԸͨ׵ˣֻػĵرԲѡ
˵ɳû˼ص岻֣ҲкܶģҪȫһΪ壬ȫ鹩һȺȺԽԽԽԽǿҲġҲȻˡ

ϺֵսҲǺĬģŹ߰˷ӣϮķɳ涼һֻʣɱˡ
鿴һ¸ĳƬľԣȷȷû˷ɳ󣬾͹˹ƣ磬Ҳ
ջغɫǹ¶õЦݡ
еΣָңңһ£û˵ʲô
Ȼ󣬼ľԱߡ
Ͻܣ磬ЩɫĶԶǺöа磬ҺͰԪ֮ǰģͻƵ׺󣬿ԸѪժԺ綼ͷгָһ£ԡ
һ㶣˵ʲôǴһģܲռܵܵıˡ
ǾֱӴӦһժ⻰Ƕ˵ģ֪ԼҵܵʲôԸҲҪ⡣֮̽ʱöˣõܵŲˣòô⡣
ҲҲͲ˵ʲôĻֻǵһȥժǳ˰
üûŹȥæһֻûոɾķɳʬ壬ơȻֶ䡣
̫СˣƤе̣Ҳûãͦߵġ
ԺֱӰ쵽Ԫǰ
Ԫûʲô飬ȴᡪָĵ˵㣬һεѸɨոսӴɳʬġеǵۣȫɨøɸɾ
ϣ
֣
ܵӣĺá

ɼļߣͰѡԡֱժУϺֽԪҲһæܹҲûϰСʱѾ˸ܴһƬĹľ֡
ռİ磬һٶ
ѪüҲһ֧ʱˡ
ѰȫպúֳЦЦС磬ĸߣ
գգۣԪ
ԪֻҪ΢̽飬ͻָƣϾѾϵͳʲôޱҲǺȤģϲһ̽
˼΢ſʶ˲顪ԣֻ鸽Բ׵Ľҵʵǡ
ȻԪָұߣ˵ǱߵŨ
ֱ˵ȥǱߡ˵ֶԾϡֽͣҼҰԪ̽ⷽóǿˡ˵ǱŨǱپͻƷ׸ߵĶ
˵ǵ
ʵģû
һĿھұȥ

һߣҲ֪һ´˷
ϵѭûʼԴѾˣȱҪġںܳһʱҪռλʹ󲿷˵ǸȺ⣬ҪһõkķҲ˳飬ҽĹУϢչ֣ø࣬νһٶá
ƷױȽϵ͵п˿ܸоƷ״ﵽĽϵȴԸ֪绹һְ״̬򵽵طҲǻĲ̫Ҫϸȥֱ棬ܲһǰ㡣
ҲûϵƷױȽϵ͵ĿΪЩƷ׵ĿˣǹߣܻһҪְ͡ķ˼ǿǶ򡪡ѭһʼ硰ѡĦӴ編ϼˡ
Ҳ˵ķ֮һжԶûǹҪǮģԴֻĦ˼䷨ֱ׬ˣԽ׬Խࡣڴ˷˵ҲûϵƷ׵ĿҪӴĦ߰ķ򣬵kҲǲÿڿʱҲҪͷųԼ򵽵ķϢҲûӴԽͷԽ࣬ڷײʱĻ𻨲ԼᣬҲǼȡ
˫ӮԣǶӮ


341 ׺˽
, ԪָŨĵط͵ˡ
ǰһƬ̶ռݵڼʮƽҪ˵ҲϷð, ̶п, ֻȶȺܸƵġ
Ũ, Ǵ̶ɢġ
̶Ͻһ, ûзʲôΣգȻϸ۲̶
ʼովһ, ʼӵǰ档
Ԫ粢硣
Ԫ˵ǧ࣬Ʒ, зḻӪɷֺͳ, ʺֲ
Ȼ
̶֮ʪ඼Ʒ, ķܸߡƷڿġǰһðпô, ǶЩӵռġҵ˶ġп˵ǲĶ
ǧĵۡġÿһչ100, г۵ĻҪ200ҡ
˵ƷƷ, ôһ̶, Ҳ̸Ũɣ
Ԫ˵ǧ̶, ˱ﵽĽס
Ȼ, ⻹ࡣ
֮Ľܶ, Ǳ߾ӹ۲һ̶, ûʲô֡
߹ȥԪϡ
ϲˣͣ¹۲죬תͷʵС磬㿴ʲôˣ
Ҳ濴
ЦңǰԪʶѹǧϢһ飬Ԫ˵̶ĵ»кöιҲ˼þߣҳһСȰǧ඼װôȻһȥǸö
ϵͷҲá
־óһֻ䣬Щܵġ
ǵҪĵ5Դضܷḻ˵ǹĵĿ˸ȣǿ̫̫ˣֻǻǳѡȻǾͱҪôҵԴߡ
ԽСĴͳ˱ҪģµȻȥԴڳˡˣҲûϵġԺΪѰŵĸЩԼд׵Ա/ǡ
˵
ֱվ̶ϣɾػԱߣ硢ԪңԼһ̶ֻʼתȡ̶ǧࡣ
һ룬ڼ˵עУ̶еǧۿɼٶȲϼ١Ҳʮʱ䣬еǧһ㲻©ȫս˴
̶沢ûлŵ顪׼ȷ˵ûжҲ֣Ķֻͷǵ֡ͷ΢СǵģֻΪϲѾˡ鶼ڣֲȵҲûĿǰԴһ
ָĶҪȵ￪ʼѭԺ󣬲Ż½ḻ磬ɷǳӵʳ
̶ϵգһ˵߶̶ײȥ
Ԫ˵Ǽ̶ĵײ
Ȼ
̶еǧԽ٣̶ײɢԽŨ翴̶һʯӣǸʯ澹Ȼһݷǳ峺ġ̶ˮ
˶һۺתһԾһ̶
Ϊǧ඼Ѿˣ̶ҲʪվȵģشյǸʯӵΧ
ʯ棬һֻƴġ̬еһ仨Ķ
ֵͨɫ峺̶ˮԵòôۣҪϸȥ̶ܷˮչϸĻꡣ
Ϻֻ仨̫ԣԣվﶼеѣȻҲֱ治ǸʲôƷס
ʱڣĽ׵ģյĽƷʲôͲ֪ˡ
⻰Ҳʵʵܶĵر󣬶Ǹ鷢֮ģת֮²Ķˣǵkһǻһ׶εǣkĹһȡ֣
֮ǰǰǧ࣬ΪҲУȡˡҲ֣Ȼܴ󣬿ɵķǳӣܻͬһЩͬģڲַתͬĵرʵǳӡ
µһ䣬ԪҲûиʾôҲ˵·ֵġеĵرû˸
ϺˣҲȻ
ȻӽףɹҲһ۷壬Ʒ̫ˣĽױɢϢеӦҲǷǳġ
飺ڳյһͷȥһȷôپлԼš룬ڼҲС
ſмܣһʼǱȽϼ򵥵ļֻܼƷչļ۸񣬵ǺԪıϸ΢©޸ҲǵҪǰͬѼƷ΢ĹܣܼһİƷĴ;
˼ɡ
Ǽû
Ȼɾٻſ壬仨ʹ˼ܡ
ֺſѾʾһ֡
ϿڣֱӶδĽĵرչΪ3200ңҪκô䣬ǰǼ㷽ʽģôʱ䡣
˵䣬Ͼܱƽô΢΢Ľ
ЦˣȻٵıѵá
ҲЦҲ֪Դôḻǵ̫ã֮ǰҵļﶼǶãǶԾӪãɴͼֵơ
ϵͷ˵ٵıô󣬵Ƕ˶ԾͲֹˡ۸м۸񲻸ߣҽ˽¸˽ףһʸá
Ȼͬġ
ԪЦŵͷе졪⻰ͺڵ˵Ṇ̀еŹֵĸо
оܵû̫⡣
һĿٴγԪŨȱȽϸߵĵطһǸط̽ȥ

һ˳ĿǣʵҲʮ˳

׺˴ӣڿһƬƽԭϡ
ƽԭǳŨҲܸߣǽٵĵطһƬҡֲ˵ŨȴֻһƷңռüĶǵļֵˡ
׺˱ڵ룬ƬֲϵĶ΢΢أûԼĺӸ
Ҳûˣ̫ˡ
׺˶ˣοô̫ȵ״ӣ
оԸ䵭ǸŮӣʱ̲ס֪ͫĸԣ̶ȡ˵̶ȡ
׺˼ɲһԸ˵磬ʵߣȥ̽һǷΣաûУͽʦʦһȥǴֲﾡժ
ŵ׺ôһ˵ʲãǰ
׺˴Ű򡢰ңңվں棬Űķ
ܿȥˣҲ죬ķţʵҲڴﵽף˿ո˵çȥһƬֲ￿ߵĶؼûֲ㣬ǼҲ㹻ݾߡˡ
ȻɶҲûǼĶﻹǰģûʲô
ʶţûκη֡
ų׺˱棺ʦûΣա


342 Դḻ
׺˿ô³ĵ, ΢飬Ҳû˵ʲôֻǰ, ͽܶô, ѾǱ, һҲֻܻͷٶı, ͽܵĥˡ̶ʱﲻ֪ת˶ͷı, ȴû̫Ӧ
ͽܵλϳɵĶʦֻӣڸֲȷûʲôɼʽ, ɫƽ˵Ȼ, ô, , ǹȥɡ
ʱ, Ҳ΢, ʦܵģ͸û˵
ǰѹôʦֵﲻԡ
ʦԸ, ̴Ӧһ, 첽ȥ, ԣһٵؿʼժЩֲˡ
Թ, ժĹ̷ǳ˳ҲûʲôĹ̡˰׺ûɻ, ˶Ȼ, ǵʵ, ٶȵȻҲ졣
ŹвСʱʱ䣬üĶصֲȫǲժ˸һɶ
׺һֱЦţʶɨʱ˳㡰
ֲȻռؽϹ㵫ܼҲǡɣУҲиʮˡ
գ
5粻5磬ôһСջѾ֮ˡ
׺˷ǳ⣬һӣͽǸϽһˡ
ʱͻȻԶͻȻݣһȵ緢سͽϳȥ
׺һӦ졣
ΪһѾͻƵĽ׵ǿߣжϳǵµĶﵽ׺ϣͽܿסĶ֣
ǰ׺һһ̧־ͳˡ
սʶǳǿİ練ӦҲǼģΪһλʦ֣һֳֻȥʦʦɨΣշΧһֻҲһȭֱֱǹϮ
ǹȫҲףȰǿϰĺãԲǱõһζѡҲΪһ˲ֿͰʲôûУ׺ҲʱϵѹҪټֱӸǹķɱ
ͽѸ˵һߣҲŷָʦɱĵǸʲô
һ߰׳β͡ĹޣոͻǴͷ޵ġ
˿̣׺ֳһѳڶغβײһ
Ǻģûʲô·һִȻҰԣȻʱٳһ㣬Ȼĥĵزһֽ棬ϧһֻͷ֣ϲǳֵʱҲ̫ˣ֮࣬¶ܶۼҲԵΪ׾
׺˱Ʒ׾͸߲٣ûغϣҵֱӳ
ȻͽѸΧ£ʦû°ɣ
׺ڣ룺ΪʦȻû¡
ٿѾڵϵĹޡ
ֱӰʬսһ

˵Դ
ͬ
ٳ顣
֪ԴǾãʦʰԴĶ̫ѡ
׺˺ͣȥԺ󣬾ֱ
ǣʦ𣡡
Ҳû̫򣬷綼Ҫĵģ͸ɴఴߣʲôѼʲôǵһȥġ

߸Լշˮ˵һԼҪչأȻˮԼչءĵطΧ˷ǳķֶΣõˮ©˸ʱ򴳹أôͻᴥصɱ˳ɱʬҲᱻ͵һص˽ûҲԴô˷أ
һ׼Ժ󣬳߿ԼֻʱʱƱȵһԴٿǳǱ߿ĵ¡
ȻС
Ʊͨһ˦βߡ
գۼ䣬ѾǸ5֮ڡ

ɺϵģ߽ٵĵط͸Ǹ6֮ǸպõһƬϢɽɽкܶˮԴоһܴĺ
6ûʲôΣասм©ĺͬզأûüѼԴʱˡһͷģҰޡ
Ұ޵Ϣ࣬׵ġ
ߵսʶҲǺܷḻģۼǹ޻¶ɢͷ޷ͨģټڽǰŪ񡪡ܼκλΪﲻͷ֣Ҳ⵽֣˿ԥģĿ˦βȥ
ǹ̬ͬһͷţ׶ߣͷĸǣÿһ϶׹˸ͨ¶һϹ⡣
׺ǳ׺
ϲһЧ׹⡣
ѾһܱͨСȻ׺β˦ȥʱԽԽȻȻϹ壬һȦȦز
ս
޵׹ž죬˳βҲųӹȥ
׵һײ˸۵Ļ⣬Ȼ׵粢ͻ㣬Ϊÿһ磬ͻиԴԴϵزʼ׵紦㣬ҲߵƤ⡣
ûЩԴ̷ѪԺڵȣͬƷ׵пǶ⼶ʱȫ׵ôĥֱóı¡ʲ
ÿһȦʹһһȦȦƹȥ޻ĹͷȻһ죬漴ϸͷǱնˡ
޷һУϵ׹ţͷϵļǷ
ȻѾôѣ޵׹ǿңĥٶ࣬ҲɸϲĲٶȡ
߲ƵԽԽ󣬹޹ͷҲԽԽܼȴԽԽС޵ǿȻԼֿˣȴȼֱûһ˿
ˡ
Ȼûɿ
ֹ˺üӣǹͨһ鴤ڷһ졣
ԭͷͨʹڵȴһ΢ɣǵȼڵ׵籾Դ壬ǿĳѳش˵ֱը
Һó㹻
ڣǵҲù޳군
ֱ˿̣߲ڷſβỬذβ
ڰβĹУͽСŵ׳ͣ
ţſڣ³һö䡣
ͷʬ屻սſڣͰѴ븹С
ǡ
ջ񵽵ĵһԴԼͬƷסȫͷĹˡ
ⳡսڳ˵ûĶ˦β˿ޱȵسǰȥ
ﰵ˲²⣬ղͷоطɱı£ôӲڻ׵籾Դ벻֣ͷ顭ӦǺֵǮġ
ɵĥôȻǲģӦòһ£ȰƤٰѪһ֣Щͷϸ߼ۣҶҲл㡣
ôţҲû·洦ɼĸֲһ·һ·ɼ
ţͿһƬ
ˮұ̣һ澵ӡ
ȫûлϢ


343 ߵñ
ֻ, ǺҲǺѣȴܲĵײӦиǳԵֵԴ
Ե֡˼, ʺԼʹá
һܽ, ʹûκĶӦ١֡ɵõ, Ҳû˿ɵ˼Χ߹۲һԺ, ſ, ³һֻ䡪֮ǰ£ʬֻͬĴ䡣
֮, ³һͷʬ
û, һͷҡòôÿĽʬ
ֻʬĳǡ, ǳһӺ񳾵Ľʬ湺ģ˵, Ƶġ
ΪҪòĿֽΪ̽·ѣڳ߸һͨ, Ը߳ͬƷ׽ʬļλ׵Ľʬ, òͨƤΪص㡣
ߵʵʬͬһƷף˵ʬ̽·ʱûʲôشƣôҲԷĵعȥ, ײ⡪ϵĲ, Ȼſڱ5ΣĨ
Թ
ʬֺ, ֱͦͦشڳߵԱߣ, ʬһӰ, Լٶȳĺ֮С

ŵȺһʱ, ϷһˮߴڵӰӺ𣬼س˳ߵǰ
ò˵ߵĽǺõġ
Ϊ˿ľ޴ʬϣ·ʲôˣ涼һƤϸ۲ֻ֣ᷢǹа񣬴Ÿպøʬϵ෴ŶԽʬôǿ˺
ɳԼ
עԼڽˮкתܵ桢º͡
뵽ߵ΢ǰѽʬջشУ漴ʶؽһͷų
޹ġ

ڳ߲μӵһδ͸Ⱦ硱ʱǸԼ˺ܶȾߣҲ˵õǸ类ľĸмܶ
ǸΣѾЩͲٳǸУǸʱҲûȥãؽ԰ĹȻҲɶԳ⡰ޡ˸ж֮飬½½ڸṩ
ûЩȴѼںºִӦûйԵº֮һˡ
ҲʮĿǰ״
߶һ׹⣬ЩϢػƽĺٵǱ
ˮ徲һ֮ǰ֪ûʲô⣬ȴźܶ׵ֲǱ·ϣǱģɼ븹пռʱ档
ֲһЩĿʯĵرûκλ̣ĺ̲صԴʵ
أԽǱԽ£˺ס
ͬʱ֪ĸԵּǸҲˡ
ǼĸǿҵɢųϢ൱ųаҲ൱ų⹥ԣֻ֪ҪɢһжԸУᱻ
ֹˮûκαΧҲºִ⣬Ͻӽʱ򣬾ȻֻԼоЩ΢谭ǸӴľУûų⣬ûз
ʱףԼˡ
ɷǳƽ˳سǰζ죬û˿ǿӲ
ȻҲ˳뷨ɵؽС
ʱ򣬳߲ŷ֣֮ûкˮģֻһƬ·𱻸ֹ֯ſĿռ䡣
ռ䲻ֻܴǿɳڵͣҲҺóûԭһת¾ͻųȥ
߶ؿǿռ롣
Ǵһ
ĹâºԿźܶ·ͬû˿Ĺԡ
Ʒס
ܸ֪Ʒϡ
ѹϲã߻ӽǼҲûųͷӴǱʱ򣬱ͬ˿ֻԸ֪һ˲䣬ǱѸȡȡֿԸ֪ͬڲϵؼ
߲ҶֻǾذԼӵеͽ֮ڡеĽʱַ֣￪ʼֻһ˿ų⣬ųܿʧ
ֱʱ򣬳߲ŷʼתǰȡһκѪɱա
ڣҲ֪ȥ˼СʱڲȡˣҲڳ׽Ǳñ
侲Ҳ̲ס¶һ˿ϲ⡣
Ϊ֪ⱦ﾿ʲô
ʱ򣬲ֻаƴһС̬ͨǵɫģȻǿȴû̫Сɵ֮󣬾ͷǳ鱦Ʒ۷塪ǰ벽ס
챦кܶͨοǳģԺٵõͿֱעУĹЧγɾԷĿռ䣬Է㹻ֵ߳һƷ׵ǿߡ
Ҳ˵ԺֻҪʲôطٳľԷռޣĹУ۷塢벽߽׵ǿߣƲķ԰ǡ
ͬʱԵֵһƷ׵Ŀ̽κ˲ԱСһϣٶȿӰٱټ
Ѿ6ʱӵĳ߶ԣҪģκεطжõı˷֣ʹУֻҪȡıӻֱӽ״̬صǱ˴ţ±ľǿ߹Ҳû⡣
⣬ǿأҲ԰ֱӹԼϣֱӼӿٱٶ룬ʱҲᱻǿ߷ֲϢ޷׷٣Ҳߵ·ߣ
߷ǳ⡣
ʹҲûôıûƵģжĹûȱٹãһΪ졣
ںܶ鱦ãʱ䡢ؼǿĹжпȡĶ
һ
˲仯Ϊһâ˲ʱüġ
㣬˦βγһƬ׿ռ䡣
ţĴζܿıȫĸڿռഢ﹤

ڳߵõ鱦ɲǣͬһ硢ңԶһһȺУ˼ɲؽŲһ١
˵ԣİ²ķӦ
һԶԪ
Ԫڣ̧ѯʡ
ԪӣʶиԵɡ
[Уʱûڱε鱦УһеĿ˵õ鱦ͬʱˡ]
һ
[ô˵õ鱦ˣ˭]
Ԫס֣һǰߡ
[ǳߡ]
[ǸһġѪĴ󻧣]
[]
[õļ鱦]
[]
յԪĹ鱦ĽܣŲ΢٣̧š
[ҲǾˡ]


344 ȫ֪ͨ
ߵĳ, ſͻȻõһ֪ͨ
ΪһڼֽԼĺôߣеĻеõ˲ٺôʱȻҲκе֪ͨϾڵĸտʼ, пгʲô仯ϸ΢, ǶǿҪŪġ
ٻſһ
ӴͲ͡
֪ͨϲ˳, ˱οĻ۷鱦ӦͨأʿǷѡ
ߴһߵ, Ҳʲô, õ˲ҴŻ, ĻԸѸ£
, ҲĵĿǶ֪дô, ˵ȫ֪ͨô, ѡȻֻһˡ
ߵͷʾԼҪ
ţ֪ͨԶɢ
֪ûʲô, βһ˦Ѱ֮á

Ƿִ￪Ŀ, ¡ЩɽʽûдĵƷ׿, ſȫõһ֪ͨ
֪ͨϲпˣñοĸΨһһ鱦, ˺󿪻罫ٿ鱦λٽ, ж鱦ȴλȡ
֪ͨϲпˣñοĸ
֪ͨϲ
ͬ, ﹧ϲ֪ͨһ֪ͨ, һģһ
Ҳ, ޴Һ, ֱпǵſҳˢˡ
ֻҪǴģȫЩִ̽ν൱һ
ͬʱڿ֪ͨԺȻкܶ˶һź
鱦ǿһɵʱ򣬱ԴԶɵ鱦ǿٵǰγɵģǳ鱦γԺȻҲ鱦ǾǷȱһԣɳĿҲСȻôҪǿϺܶġ
һЩ֪ʶĿǸ֪鱦жģϿųһѰҡѾǺֱܴˣǾԲٷųڶġŬѰҵģҲȷֻк鱦
鱦۷壬鱦Ʒ׾иеͣ5ĺ鱦ضϣǿҲɷǳˡ
Ѹ׷ȺˢԣԼλ˿˵ףء
ҵһСԺûĿǻܼģĿص壬ٴԴ
öҪŬѰҲа

ߵϵͳαװſ壬֪ͨʲôҲģظøſһ˽¸Ԫʶｻ˹֪ͨ飬ϻͬ¶˿֪ͨľĽ
ϺҲע֪̲ͨסпҲ֪˭á
Ц˵ӦҲǸģǿ鱦۷ģҪû㱾ӽѣοܱ鱦أԪĳߵñֲһ䣬Ȼˣ϶Ҳģ˵ǸǼرأ
ҲЦЦС˵öԡ
ͬ¶ЦݣûϵˣŬȡŪ鱦ɡ
Ȥҿ綼ԼϲķͣҪ˲ĺ鱦ʵҲкô˵ģץ㡣
Ԫͣԡ
Ϻܵô˵̲סЦˡ
5󰡣Ҳ֪ò߱飬Ҳô½ڽ鱦Ǳ鱦಻٣ɼҲδض࣬ϡѡ
ҲǵܵӵףԸϺҲǸ˵ģȻҲ˵СԪ˵ҲϺʵģɡ
磺ϡ
Ԫŵͷûж˵ʲô
˶û׼ףԪңȻ׸ȥ鱦ķȵȡȻҶ½лҲǰտĹ
ܲܵõ鱦Ϳˡ
òҲûϵأҪʼҲʵıԪԼǮ¼͸׸򣬾˵ȥʱõĺˡ

̫ǼվһƬԭϣǰõؾ󣬶פ㡣
ƬؾУ·һ㽻֯һصİд󣬼γһƬѤ֯Ī״·ͬˮһػ˸ŵ΢⡣
̫ǼڵʵѾ˺ֱܶ࣬龰ʱɸо˫ʹͷųȥʶҲ£о΢΢͡
˲ͬʱ˺ü
ƬؾĸҪǰ׵ĵط𳤷ƽۡ
΢΢̧򢣬ǳʲôĸ֮Сһεķң׺ϵĴҶƬ
ˡ
һжĿġ
̫Ǽ϶һۡ
Ϊ֮ǰھ֮ɭд˲̵ʱ䣬鹫ԼǸҽ뿪лϣȻһ̽硣
һҲԼˣƱһֻû뵽ǣǵŵؾȻôһƬԭʼϢıԭ
û뵽ǣǸյִֱӱԭ֮©ķ֮ǴṩһЩϢ֪֮ѭûʼʱǻһЩĵط©ģЩ©ķȻǱȽϱ߽߱ǽǵģҲϾǷҲǸӶġȵȡ編ϢԽԽ࣬ͻֺġ˺ۡȻͲ©
Ǿܸߡӽ缫޵ǿԸЩ򣬶ǵôǺܴġ
Ȼƫƫ̫ǼԼ鹫
̫Ǽ̾ͱķջ󵽣˽ȥǵ׶־ᶨˣʱתϳûΪ̫ԶĿԼǴӴ޷뿪
ȻǾͿһҲʹľ鹫˼ת䣬ε֪˵ô¡ܴΪ˽ϣֳķӦ칫ͬУܸķַǳϣԸɴģˡ
ֻǣ̫ǼȻЩƤëȴǿѹʶȵǽ絽ȡѾûʲôˡ칫ȴڸҲ֪һҪʱ䣬û취ȷҲ˷ѻȥķңš
̫Ǽ飺칫˽ԺǾ뿪ɡ
ͬҲá
Ӵİ칫ȫģѹܵʲô˺òŷعأ˷ǳϵظٻſ壬Ͻλԡ
ţǾһ뿪ˡ
뿪̫Ǽ黹е΢Ҳеˡ
ΪһӴټϰҪһıģ˷ϺͰһжȻҲϰΪġ
һ͸ֱ龰£̫ǼϲУڸпٴθֵеͬʱҲԼá
ϸ룬ƺҲûʲôֵġ
̫ǼϵȷǼΪĬٲ˭֮ϵøˡ
֮Ȼ˳ŷ֮صķߣһ·ڱԭѰԴҲ˲飬Ҫô֣սپľһϡ
һʱ䣬ķᣬҲûʲôϵľס


345 ˬͻ
ԭϵԴ, ȻǱԵģ̫Ǽ˵Բûʲôô, ǱҲЩԡ˵ǵõˣҲҪô, ֱǸ׼õĴþСȻ, ȫ۸, ɷңֻȥ̳һңûдҪԴġߡ
˵Ķǳ, ˴˵ϼѣǸҪ߳Ƭԭջ񵽵Դͼ¡
, вٸƷҷǳصġҲԼ, ҲΪ¶ķ֮йءЩԣǿ۳߼۶ѡ

һƬ, һʿˮˣš
紵ڰ׵ĳ, ӹֿü, Եʸ, һͲļ¡
Ȼ
ʲôشá
ʦʦôѽҶûӣ
ʦʦ, ʲôʱҵϣȻһСҲУ
ʦʦ⺣զɶûУⲻѧ
ʦ, ֪֪ѧʲô
㿴Ǳ, Ǹǲʦϲģ
ʦҸ˵
˻, ʦһ
ڣʿһ³һ仰
죡
̧֮˸첲
ԭʿϣһ˸ʿܿʵĳ࣬Եеɵס
ʱ򣬿ʿİӶںʿʿںߵʱ򣬿ʿںﻮȴ˵ͣ
ڣʿֱӰ˺ϡ
ʿתڽŵʱȴһûվȣץסʿĸ첲
ʿüͷ˲šˣվûһ߷˿ʿ
ǿʿһ֨ҽУʿüҳ鶯ֱ

ˣ5һʦͽˬԡ
ΪеĴڣʦͽԭˣرǹˬΪʦȻֳܱԵӣΨһͽܣʵҲˡҪȻҲΪôŲǣյĶԽԽ˵ڣĹͽһТģ뿴ƽʱɵֵͽͻȻòˡ˵˻չ˻Ե鳬չԼġ
ڿ󣬹ˬԼ¸ˣҲûûȥ飬Ϊʲô»СӿӰԣȻҲǾûԶܿҪҲõȻʵ߳ƷףԳȶ˵ȻħڻԵǸһԺڻ͸ˡ
ںʱˬǿ˶ԻԵĲǰȾǱ߷йԼҲ֪ǱĵŻޣûסˡ
ԲǸǣԴļӳɣٶȷǳ죬ڽеʱǸûʿô̵ʱȥѾᵤˡ׵׵ļԾ
ۼͽʵͻͽˬʼһ׶εضͽܣǾѹԼʵͽ֣ܽͽһģʽĥ£ʵͽܵĸ
ԱĲ˵ڵԸǰ˵㣬ȴһŵ㡪ǾʦĻˬʲô͸ʲôôôҲۿۡ
ڣѾŵ֮ӣ˭Ҳ˵ˬ۹ⲻã;һŵӴҲǵʲãֱӶ˽𵤾ͷ

˵
ʦĹˬһѼԴһӵĻʦĻúӹǺƽģȻһʱ֮ǰһõе֪֪ͨ˿ǰ硣ȥˣ׬ȡ˲Դһʱ䣬ٴεõ֪ͨ˵ǿȥһ翪ģԴǹˬĶȥˡ
ֻһΣʦͽ뿪ʱֱӳӴеһСϵġ
СĺСҲʮ﷽ԲϵĸֲĿܶ࣬ʦͽһ֮£ȻҪϽؽвժղء
һǳɵ£ڣԵġȭȭТġ
ǵģˬӶӴƬɼԴʱ򣬻ҲֽţͿһƬֲݰеġһǳĶֲ
ֲ̬һֻ󡣬ȴ󡻹ҪʮһۿУֿԱʦˣΪ˸ʦһϲʦһ࣬Ǳȥ׼ֲڳŽ˵
ҲǲСģʶɨûΣգꡰ󡡱ֻһ׵ϢȻǲܶʲô˵ġû뵽ǣȥꡰ󡡱ǡ󡡱ͶţС
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ڹˬʱľǱ廨ܵͽܣһ䣬һ䣬ȥжϡ
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ͬһʱ䣬Сøңܶʯ׷ѿϵسź׵ȥ
СҪˣ
ˬ˲ֱȥĹΧ·СҲ飬ӵ棬ðһͷͷǳ޴Ĺޣ
ǻ֮ǰֲֵǺͷͷë仯ɵġ
ޣɵ֮һϲںˮţǳǹԲǿϲľ˯Ҳһֱ⺣˯ţûʱȥʲô֣ΣҲ
Ϊ˯þˣΧۼ˺ܶʯ֮ĶһССĵ졣⣬־쳤ؾõʱ䣬˺ܶ಻ͬƷ׵ֲǽ˯ʱ³ϢʱɵģֻΪԼϣߵƷҲ׶ѡ
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Ҳǣˬˮƽ
ϢŻùˬϵû̷֡
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ͺñһ˯źƴץͷıӺͷǶĶܲܲһ
ܡ
ȻǹʦͽСˡ
ΪˬɣͽԽԽߣҲûиɱ˼ۼʦͽԶˣԼǸϲ˯Ҳ̫ҵ˶Ƿ˦һͷ˯˹ȥ
ٹôܳһʱ䣬ֻСˡ
Ƕʦͽˬڴ߻ԶΣպ󣬲ŴӻԿ֪ô£ǿóзһɵģһ͸ɴԼںϡ·ͽˮˡ


346 ծ
ˮĹҲûѧ, һ·ͰȰһ·Ͼûͣʦˬѵȫûоڱѵ, ֻ߶ûӣȫʲô߶, ˵˵ʦƵ, ΧѰʦϲġÿֲָʦƣʦҪҪ
ˬͺջ
Ȼǰͽû취ѵھа취
û취
ˬֻܱץŻԼˮߣû԰ںﻮ
ڻԿûܵʲôͷӣ
, ˵Աͷ, Ǿͱͷˡ

ˬûںһҹ, һʱ, ˦ְ˳˹ȥ
Ϊʿ˫ȱô, ȻҲûʲôԵĸо쳣ڿз˸ͷȻ˫ŵ, ȵ, ȺӻҪý
ˬ
Ѿת, ̤˶Ŀֿ, һڴʦ㿴⵺ʲôҳźûʦرϲġ
ˬ΢, 侲Ҷϲ̧, üͷ𣬡ױΪʦôãҲϢˡ⵺ϵԴ㶯֣Ϊʦɼ˰ɡ
ȫû̵شӦϣ
˵󣬻Ǻԥֱںֲ
ˬ
ǣһɾƽʯͷϣϸϸ̽졪һһٶʮֵʵʵȷһԺ󣬲ŷţ֮ǰԴĴù治ͬƷ׵ֲòͬװãű࣬ȥԺۡ
ڹˬ˳£ֵʱͻȻ䣬Ǹڵͽ
ʦʦ
ˬ̧ۡ
һֲվһСɽµǰ棬һֻڶ֡ʱԼʦԼдӦˣٳˬ߻ȥ
ɤӣʦ㿴󰡣
ˬʶһɨȷͽŵĶ
һƷĿģǺܶ෨ġܵļֵһƷȽͨģǷһĻֵܼǲ͵ġ
ˬŻһã׻Ƿӹȥ

ԷֵþǸСɽܴŪﾫѡֿʯȻܺÿɣĽ׵˵ͱȽɡ
ڹˬλУСɽ¶ը¶Ŀʯ
ֵ֮ԳڿҿҾҵҵѸٵذСըĿʯʰ
ʦͽѸٵػԴ

һƬɳĮϣɺ쳤۵ֳ˫ͷͬ׵ЫιЫιЫβǿ׳ǹ룬ڸ˫ײʱ򣬷ϵЫβܵ˺ȴ󡣲ҲҺЩЫιﲻʩչʱ켣Ҳֶܷ֮½ЩЫιնɱ
ߵһߣиߴһߣ˿ֳͬڸͷЫιｻսѾɱ˼ͷЫι߻мͷһʱĵҲû취ȥ֧ԮԼͬ顣
˰СʱԺ˲ŷֱЫιﾡɱȻ󶼾Щ׷һ鰫ʯɽ¿ȥ
һ˵ľҲܽӽˣ˴˶ڴ첲͸첲֮ƴĿ϶
ţɺ쳤۵߲ʹ˵ɱôͷֶҪôĹǰ׵İɡ
̵һȴ⣬ֻóһޣزĽ
߸ʹˣһ˵װģҢɱ˻ǷʮңҪοʱŪģɾҪҵ˳ˡ
һЦЦ֪֪ôѡ
ƲƲ죬ûٿڡ

ߣ7ǧ硶Ң桷ѪۿӥҢ
Ң桷ǸcpĴ£Ңһ·ϾĸҲǹˡѪۿӥ׶շ޳裬Ϊû쵽Ѫۿӥ˲Żָ״̬ΪѪۿӥĽٶȣҪȷ޳裬ȴѪۿӥһߣһһӥϵԼ
ѪۿӥõеſӲдԼ﷢ҢشɴһɱҩǿǿȥҢعء
ҲҢ˵ĹУѪۿӥпǰУԼʵеǷȱģʱȥ˼Ƚϵ͵磬ǶڡȥġٺҲ֪ôģڱҢҩϢԶʱԥԥ̷ҩݻΪΣ˵еĴڡ
һ˵ҢȻҲܸȤˣȤҲûʲôãڵĴϵԴڵƫƫ7磬Ҫ¿ˣͱ빺һϿ
Ͽ۸100һš
̫̫ˡ
µѪۿӥļѾ൱ˣԼʵ㣬ԴҲǲġȥһȦƾ۸׬һʣΪʱʵƣܵǮҲ̫ࡣ
ҢȥԼ˽֪һЩرصԴҲ棬ľȻҲֻܴյʮѡʮ򣬾һľǿ̫Զˡ
ҢѪۿӥֱŬҢѪۿӥǩ˻ǮڲĺҲǮضѪۿӥΪ˳裬һΪսζҢŴѪۿӥֽ赽ʮҡ
ûʮܵøԼزǣ
ʮһֱҢŸԼǮ˶ʮңһϿĸʣµǲַң׼ʱġ
ٺĻʼˣʱҲͳΪ˲μӻ֮ˡ
ԣҢôǷѪۿӥһʣĿǰҲøѪۿӥֻڿĻ׬ԴпٶȰǷѪۿӥǮ壬ȡٴոٰʮģϿΪһϿѪۿӥɵ֮䡣

ѪۿӥҲǿԼҢеǰ꣬ڶթԭУѹ޷κˣҢǿԺġ
еϢ֪ˣҲǮԷˣѪۿӥҲ󻯣ɴ͸Ңһˡ
ֻ˵
Ҳ֪˵ûǲãһһƬĴɳĮеġ
ɳĮ¶ǻߵģĴɳĮͬɳĮϵ޲٣ÿһƬУʢͬĵر
յʱ̧۾ܿԶޣȻǶȵȥһȻǹȥ·ϣɳӵ¾ܶЫβǳװΧҲҪսܽɱ
ڵƴɱѾǵһΣ֮ǰɱһѾڿԷͷɼڳ˺ܶмֵı
ֻЩЫβȺҲǷǳӴˣǴ޳ңңһ޵ʱǱ߸ȥ·ϣٴͬĹǡ
ǣսɱţҲϰˡ
ʱɨ˷⸽йˣԼϢһС̷һŲĹӺ󣬾ͳֿߡȥԼɱЩͷС
ɱСЩʬ壬ЫβζܺãҲкǿĲãЫβЫβӲף򶼿ΪĲϡ


347 
պԼսƷ, ѪۿӥҢִյһ׼ͬʱж
˵ѪۿӥΪ, ʸҢȡԴģûôɣҢΪӦҪѪۿӥԸġҲûô, ѪۿӥҲ⡣
ҢԼȴ֪صõ, ռǰ޳ĴˣŸõʱãܹѪۿӥʱһ̡Ҫռ˵ծ⣬ʵҲûʲôϸ룬ое΢
Ǿ, Ңˡ
Ѫۿӥզʱ, Ң˳ţҲһ⡣
ֻҢû뵽ǣôԺ, Ѫۿӥ˳Ƶ, Ƶʻˡ
, ׼·
Ѫۿӥһͷ󡣡
ҢЦ˵á
Ѫۿӥ˸ۣɲ۸㡣
ҢЦţȻ
Ѫۿӥװģ
ҢʵûС
ô˵һ˵⼸䣬һһ·ˡ
Ǹ֮ǰĺܶһ, ֮߳ǰƬΧԺٴͬǹ, Ҫֿս, ܳ޵ķǰС
ĥ, ȴĥǸԵսҲԴ
ҢҪ̫ؼܷ֣ԼԺȡԴ޶Ҳ԰ǷѪۿӥķȫˡ

һϳĿҡһѻӣһƬɽ֮䡣
󣬹ظλɴŮòһһȣ˼ǣǳһģһһ˫̥á
һκ󣬿ͣ½Ų£ȱǰָָЦʣ壬ãʲô
⻰ǸŮתһŹ˫ϣ˫ˮͫԶһ˳ػش𣺡¥ǴһƬǾѵġԶ˶٣Ǵɽڵѿϵ񡣡
üͷ΢ƺЩ⣬׵Ǵȥɡ˵ʱ˿һλʻȵģ΢΢һЦƣʩչˡ
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һƬɽӳ񺣣ǳɢŵڽӽʱܸоһƢĸоֱͨθڵʶ˲䱻Ƶģֱ켫ˡ
ʵԣǺѳɻģֱγһƬˣɲŻֵ⣬ûɿԡӵЧĺãҪ̫ƣֱӱ֯ϯʲôƷѾӵʵǿЧˡ˵ʱȥ⡪ǼһķͻǱγɺôһֹЧȻǧϵӲЧϵģЧ͸ǿƥ
ǰУոŮһƳѾϵ񡪡׻϶ôϡԣɼƬֱȻдӣѾϵġ
ˣһƬ֣ٺùزԴˡ
ٽӴ򿪣ȡ
ƺԣʵʱѾǿɨƬֵ֣ı߼ʣҲˡ
ٿȻ䣬ͬһƬƣգۼ͵Ƭֵм䡣һȣһƬĵŷһ꣬ȴֲɢγһбеĳط
һ룬һֵĺ˲û˶
ȻЩ̧һУ£ǴһץȻͷ­նϵһͷޡ
ͷǴ˼һͷ飬̾ƬУ̳˱ҺʵĿǰѾ۷塣
ϧǣֱնɱ꣬ȴѾĽ۷ˡ
׵Ľһ󾳽Ĳ࣬׿ֲġ
޵ʬ壬Ȼء
ĵҡҡӣ˵壬ƣȥɡ
λòŮһҲҵӦǣ¥
ȻͷɢߣʼɼһƬ֡
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ˣ7硶ۡĿˡ
׼ȷ˵µĿĿˣб磬Ǹ缫¥ķ¥¥֮һ
һ˫̥ĽãǱ緢ⲢĸŮһб壬һкơǰӵһ˫ص۾ѧ˱ĺʹ󣬿Կܶ󷨡ȣԿԶطľ󣬷ǳáȻûôһ˫۾Ǳܴѧ˺ʵĹھսϵǱһʵʵսϵ֡
ŸֱԽá
Խõ֪һžҪʮҺǶԱҳϺ͸мʤһĶԱѡ
ȻмεģҲᵥѡˡ
ȻҪǣڱ£Ȼǿڶܹ࣬ôֻǿģҲֻԽûԭ۷壬ôõı˸Ľʮȹ̵ľС
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ֵһǣͺԭ棬Ҷĺ֪
籾Ǹ¹ģûĸԼĺլܿҶķչҪҶϵֿҶŮɫϵ㣬һӦҪҶӴʱ򣬳ԼҪøжȵʱʱ䣬ʱöŮȥһǱֳҶӣϾ¥֪ŮĸǶŮȥҶ½ģ󻯵ػȡҶĺøС
Ȼ粻Ҫĸȥ˻ĵģԶŮķԸǡȻӴȷʵ΢˶ŮɫȴҲֹڴˣûиࡣ
һʼʱҲôҶϾҶʵǱȽһ߶ѣʵ̫ԶˡǺ˷ԸģʹҲҶʹɫЦҶʲôԾźҶʵɿŮʶԼ¥ǶôҶʱ̬Ҳ͸ӺơҶֻΪദԺŮ˽ģԶŮ̬ʼնǺܺõġ
ӵʱܺܿӵкøжȣȻ˵ŮҶʵôģҪǺԱһ£Ҳ׷֣ǶҶ̬ȱͬ˵̫ˡϵԽԽ׽ĶҶ˺øУԼԼЩĵ˼˽ǺܶԲԼ¥ģɱͿĸĸ仯óģǵûʲô죬ֻԸһǷҪΪҶߵĺ֮һ󣬾֮֮
ҲΪ̬ȣҶֱͰѱ統øǣǶ˫̥ǱʱԭΪԼΪ¥ң¥û˼̬ҲǺƽҶǱǵݻҸߣȻûʲôԸġ
ǣҶеĺø棬ǹǶ˻ý˵ı磬ռʲôĸ߳λˡ


348 
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ԽûѾ׷߱, Ժδӵſ, ɼʶضԶǰ, ڶµİţʹ֪ҶǸľǣ᲻Ҳ˵Ȼ, ᲻ýûȥӽ, ûܸܲнĽ֮, ͸˵
ڣÿԿ, ɿ졣
ôټһƬ֣һƷֵģˢˢˢѸٵؿս, һƬ鲼׵Ϣĵطʱ, ÿһСƬ׻ʱ, ժٶȲ, 䡣
Щպˣڳ˵޷
Щֱڵ£ɾµȡؼ, ÿÿһҺҲб׻ɲٻٵҺ, Ʒʾѵĵر
⻹ݥ, ı, Ҳժȡһ㲻ʣ
ġֻܿܳˡ
ҡվֱϣ£Դ󣬲΢΢һЦˡ
üææܹǣ¥

У޹⣬ȴȻһβ
βڶ䣬ɵİɫâֳ֮ģһ޳òβˡ
˵üᣬǿɢâҹӳ£еףϸȥͻ֣ᷢһ˫Ǳģû˿ĸԡ
һˣ԰磬Ǹӡ֮һ
䱾ʵﵽĽס
ӵõſ󣬾ͳĺ򸽽Ѽ˺ܶԴתΪңпӣҲܺáΪںḻҲﵽ6һʱ䵹ҲûȥԴֱ˿ĻȤ϶иʮʺ̽
ʱûдκˡ
ȻǿԹ򸱿ĸģȴֵʮңʱҲκ֪еĴڣǾԶΪڣеأԼμ
ҲΪݵԵʣͨйʱֱӳ˴˷ĺ
ܿ㣬⾲ûκһ
Ӳû˷ɾ裬ΪҲеûô࣬ɱȻеģң֡ͨ˵ҪѶԸܶࡣ
ֻҺѾĽʵֻҪ㹻СģҲײ⡪٣ԭĺҪӵذȫ
һӰҹԼǰתһ˿ݣʼƯţһֱǰĺ·
һ˦βγȥԶ;˫ΧɨܰѸľȫ۵סȻԴʱҲ
ûãͷ˺׽ʯһСѵضѻһǿлкܶ߰ģƷױﵽ׶ĺ׽ʯҪѷɫһЩձҲƷϣмֵ
ûԥβĴˮؽǺӣȻһȦƬͶʱŹԣһâһƬƬֱӰסһСѺ׽ʯ뵽Ƭ֮ڡԭ壬ƬԴռģֻÿ츳ͬƬĿռСҲвͬ
һλĽ׵ӣʵôѸٵʺѪʵϵȣһȦƬÿһƬ涼пռ䣬ҿռ֮󣬶װȥһɸɽ
ڣʲôֻһ޹ͿԾȡԴع顣
Ȼˣ˵ǰĶһֱڱʩչѪһƬеġ
ܿ죬Ѿ⺣ԴȫΪ׵ģԶսһװױƬҲ΢һ¡ԥٴ˦β뿪ӣǰһƬɺȥ˵⺣ɺܶķʽҲͬǸɵʱɣƷΪףҲһĵرĥɷԺܹƺֲܶͬҩ
Ӿظɺ⣬ִһˮ
ˮޱ˲䴩ȥɺеɺնϣٱһ˾սװԴƬ
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ֻܹ˰ʱ䣬ӵٶȣѾɨ˷ԲܿԴ
ôԴ˵ţһë㲻ϡ
أεһƬɽĸͣ˼ζġ
ۣصȴš
Ȼһ룬뼸֧ˮӲͬ˹
Щˮޱȣڽӽ˲ϢӸˮ޷ӦܸӴһ˿
ҲսˣªϮûʲôɵǵģʼնķ֮ڡָԼ´ͬʱз˿˿ܵΧĺ˻һ𣬿ٵϯγһܴ
ǽˮڽɲǱǹˮѹһ飡
û˺һ˿һ
Ҳûʲôɫֻ΢΢ˮ΢΢ֽˮ΢ȥֱЩϮ
ٿȻ䣬͵˦βͬҵļֱҲ࣡
˲ϢѾһɽµĺ淢ϮĶһͷǳڰǵľ飬ǵֱ׿⣬ƬǿƹرţΧζˮͷĵˮȴ˿ʵںˮڼԷֱİ֮ϸ΢дȥ
ͷްһͷ飬̾⸽ɽܾˣû̫ı£Ĺ䲻⣬ÿһδ򿪰ǣԱŷټʮĹ
ڸոնӵ͵ϮУֱӱŷٵѾ㹻ˡϾĽףްҲĽס
ֻϧްʵǺеģĹֶֻһ֣ȴһȴ˼߼Ĵǧеĺ壬о£ԸľްǧֶΡ
ˮĹӶͬ㲻˺ҵްټǲѴ֮ڣްǼӲޱȵİǱסԼҲʵЩ쿪ˡ
ӾƯھްǰ棬βֱ·ǡվ
һ˲ſ
ε˳źӹȥڽӽǾްʱ˳ǼɲĿڽǵڲ·ޱȣȻ֮ԺȴͻȻ÷ǳǿ󣬼Ǹ˲ѾѾްڵȫشܵģʹش˾ްȴҲֻڲϸϸ졣
Ӱȴ֮ڻᷢʲôǾްڱڲԺҲûܷ߰Ҳû취ٱպϣſҪñŷˮԽԽء
ڣްĺıݻ٣Ƭ޴سƲ׵ȥˡ
ڲľҲ¶


349 ĥ
ϸ۲, ްƽܼľްϵĲ⣬ڲҲмĲͬǳ˽, ĽǶźܶ⡪Ѿ, Щ, ҡ
ްĺЩĽ㣬šһź״, 飬ɫѪ
ް͸ˡ
۲ǰǵڲְͷıĸ·ɢĺ, ЩŷˮΪЩ·¡˵ǿνȻ󣬻ܾۼˮԴԴ, һûȥӹ, Ϻõı
ԭӦһƬƬ, ڳ, ںĶҲͬ¶˳
, һ˫ƴı顣
һڵģһŴ׵, ŶǻԲ©Ҳ, ȴӨӨһַǳº͵С
ء
ӱƽ, һԱʱ, βһ˦, ֱްǰֳ̽ȥ
ܿ죬ǶԱͱ
ĴиأǿźɫıǱģһӴкǵĴʹУɫıǳůʹڱĺˮУůڣ֣¶ȷǳʡ
صǣһԱֿǶĽ׵ĵرްƷһһ
Ħű飬ű΢ػײȴʼΧһԲ˶šȻཻڳһܹߴĥ
ӵֽĥһ׵ı
Ȼɵģ׵ĺ취
Ӻ⣬һ壬˭Լ̫ǿⱦֻҪʹôԺĺܳһʱĥͿÿʱÿ̵شĥõ͵Ȳ̫ʹ࣬ЧҲǳ졣
ʮʺˡ
ıڴǧҲѵõû뵽ȻһҪĵСһͷֻĽ׵Ƽ
νˡ
һԱ飬ȻҪں֮ѹԴˡ
ںеΣգҲɻᱣ־ġ

һƬɽĸߴ׳бŸװ۵Сӣһǳһŵš
˵ƺܣСӵı鲻̫ˡϸᷢĽеףеӡ
һΣߴ׳в˵Сӱﲻסˣ̧׳еĺ󾱣˵˵Ԫţ㻹أ
ߴ׳˵ûС
Сӡžž£Ȼ󣬵ࡣԵø˵ӣ㻹˵û
ߴ׳ҡͷû
СˣֻԴһ°ոĹĵطţҲƵ˵ҴӦˣ»ҿ϶ðӵҪҲһ㸽üסңвУ
ߴ׳гĬһС˵үղĺΣա
С̾˿֪ˣ֪ˡ

ˣѾ𽥲ô̫гֵԪȮԪš
ʵҲ治֣ſǵƷԽԽߣܳͶһǧˡʵϸͻڿ޵С񣬴󲿷ʱ䶼ˡ
Ԫ㹻ʺĹ˸үүǣһλʥָӳ֣ڸȾ߻׬˲ٷңʽܹԽҲǷɿġ̶ʱƷ״ɶηԾɴҲ֤Źжôϡ
ԪԼϵ츳ĲΪʵԺԪųþõһȻҲѡԼһ·
ѡҩ
ʺϴ˵ķҲв٣ĸԴԴϣǰ˵ľѧʥУҲ
ԪŵõʥϢΪ˲Сүųü̾͸Сү˵ˣҺһѡһλƢüҲʥΪʦԺСүԪҩϵĽҲԽԽˡͬʱԪ˵ԼʵͻƣԪҲԪŷ˺ܶࡪԭ¼˾СүˣΨһۣСү͸һûˡ
ٷ֪ͨ˵ȥʱһǧȥһˣΪƴƱҲûǮǸ׬˲١ԺȻֹٴη֪ͨ˵һǶġ
ΪʱԪѾǿߣԪҲﵽһס
򵥵ԱǻеģдйĸֶַμӳɣϣӦǡ
׼ԺԪžʹԪһʱ䣬
˵ŵҲһƬɽֲ֣ïʢҲܳ棬·ߣȻкܶԴ
ʵҲԪԪŵѸٵ£һпԿԴ޲еĴþߡæµԪŵûʲôԪеˡ
ԪŴԪһøƵľľϢ
ΪԪŲۣҲ̽ûʲôΣգԪڸԪúϢĵط󣬾ȰΧûԴɼԪλСүȴǿ˺ǾľϵġӡһԼʵҲһˣʲô⣿ԪűˣժӵԪŻһҲǺܺõġ
Ԫ͸ɴֽŲãֱӳȥ
һԪģȥʱɣǰúܣȴƽءȻȻģԪǳãһԾ𣬽Ųӯ°ȥȭͷӣժһһûѾˡ
Ԫ죬ԾԼǰ׵һӺܴѣǸժĶ󣬶ҷǳһġȥôҲȥժֹȥˡ
ȻһΣժ¾һʱȥܶסҲȶ壬òõӣãôһԥӲԵ
˿̵ԪţպߵԶһ㣬ûзԪƤԪ󡰰һͺעͫȻ
ԪǵԴеģ
ͷŵء
ľܸߣԪڵ壬ͷŵصĺͷѶ
ԪĿѣٳ߳
Ԫٶ̫ˣԪŵٶȸ죬ɱϾǣһġ
ҺԪʶǿңΪԼСκԥЩӣԼ뷽跨תԼݶڵµ˲ѸٷڰеĳжˣСǣȴˡ
ʱԪҲ嵽Ԫǰ˲ͰСү
ԪеΣһŪȥģû뵽ǣȴһֱ˳ԪţȻˡ

ԪԪսҲԪŭߴСԪ˵ʱᣬֻǳĬظԪϺҩ󣬳ĬرԪ󣬳ĬءһֱĬš
ԪžͰԪƵģٲԪָɻҲԪ뿪߷ֺ
ֻԪԼ֪ڿԼСүҲʱһ˲˶Ŀֻš
µΪѾõ㹻ĥµʱѾһƬհףʲô֪û취κηӦˡ


350 
ԪߺµҪ
ԪȻԪԭ, Ԫŷˣƽʱ˳˾Ȼϸ˵ԼҲ, ټһ顭ԾؾͼӴ, ͸ˣﻹžǿ
ԪСүǰ͸˶Ƶģ᲻Ԫһ㲻ʹ죬Ԫ󼱵öʼžž󲱾ԺҲûٱһСүѾӦԺСģСү˵㻰㻹вСҲûϵԺ󲻹ĸ磬СүƤӵ¡, ̸ϵĵط
˵Ԫ, ԾԪţҲǺݺ˿
ƺ«, ƽʱͻ, ͸ˡ

һƬɭѵŮǵʵףÿ˵ݶǳעĿ, ɢŨ򵭵㡣
ǵҲأ֪ʲôصĲɣɫޣʵᱡ, ǴȴԵḡ, һ, ÿ˶ʸͬʱ, һĽĸоɰ
ˣϿǳԭʼɭ֣˵Ĺ۸оеˡ
ǵľٶ͸˾졣
Ϊ׵˼Ϊޣϵ׺źܶĻ꣬صķǳ̯Ƶʱȴ뼸ʮźӵĶ
ЩӱһףͳһƬУһȥЩӾͿٵسѿرɺܶϸϸ߸ߵ֦ʢСɻ䣬ӯӯ
ʱĸ¶Цݣõ¶¶ϣѡĻֲʺصԺЩҲܴ׺ø
õһ¶¶Ц˵ҴĻʺλҲһ֣ʺʲôط
϶Цˣ
Ǹոտʺϵֻõ¶¶ѡ֣ǻһȥɡ
ȷǲұߣ
ұ߿ԣ߶ࡣ
Ǿ͹ȥɡ
̼仰Ҷ˵ˡ
ұ߹һ·һȺ˿˳Ƭִ֦ͬҶïġ
õ¶¶ḧһϣ⼸ϼͬʱͬĶڸЩͨ
ûּڲʱۡ
õ¶¶˵ոҵĸӦûЩǲġ
⼸Ϸ׷׵ͷͬ̽鵽ˡ
ǣһλǰ
λòҲƫģϵ׺Ļǰλõ¶¶ӷҲŨʵҲ൱ǿǰͬʱͳһѻ֡
Щֱոõ¶¶óЩϸСһҲиλϰƴڴһգۼ䣬еĻ־Ͷ˳ȥЩῪĴ
ƮúԶԶҲᣬԽϽЩȴ˼ȻλͬͷųһȥЩµĻҲͬѿҲϵšһصĻָһصȫͬϻصһ֧ţһȴЩϣЩ˼Ƶġ
ԺҲܿؽɻſЩǴʲôƵģϸϸĹ˺ܶ౦ʯƵУӳĵˡ
ۼȫɻλϺ⡣
õ¶¶Ц˵ĵϣĻҲ൱ǿظҲµЩһܳΪɭֵһ֡
λҲ׷ױʾͬ
λѾùֵĳϲٶʣµλϸһɭţѰҿ»ֵĵط
ɭкܹϵˮ̶к糤һӣɻЩҡҷѸǷ·ˮһˮ̶ʱȻ
ɭкܴӣб쳤ڸһƬֲ̬Ǳ󣬼˻׺ϸӨСҹҲܷ⡣лҹӽطЩڣ׾Ͳ䵽ˡԶԶؿҲ÷·ǽطһԣ֮
һλī΢ڹᴩСɭֵϪһصĻ֣ƯˮģڳԺɵĻ̬Сӣ˳ºʲô˳Ϫ£ͿժһֻСӣҨϪˮȡصǣֻͿԹʣԵӡҨϪˮϪˮܿͻøʺڡ
λϰѻһֺ󣬲һŲɭ߶һ˳ֲժһЩûҲûƷֲ׼ûȥḻǸȺ⣬Դƺ⼸λҲô˳֡ѼȴûпȥʲôƷױȽϵ͵ģҲᱻעᱻ
λɵõ˲Դ˭ֵ˭Եջ񶼺ܲ١
ǼԵţ˺棬Ҳ̽

硢Ԫǵļһֱڿ档
ڵĵطҲһƬɭ֣5̫ˣɭΪ˱ԴϵɲҪǻǲᱻ͵ͬһƬɭġ
ĿǰҲ˲̵ʱ䣬Ԫ˵ѹʲô׸羣Ϻ;ǿ֣ʵҲ̫ǿоҲܵһЩˡ
ϸģڷԺۼԼ׸绹̽ҲֹˣңԼԪᣬϣ͵ͣһͣϢһ¡
ϺȻ᲻׵ܵӵĺ⣬Ҫ֪ҲƣԷѾ˵ȷʵǿ˲ٵġǶοʵǸ߳üƷ׵ĵܵأһ㲻ɫҲȫûзӣ֪ǵʵǰⶼûС
ɺ󣬾¡
Ԫͳһ׵ġ¯ӣԭʼɭ͵ѡʳģʼ˾ĵ̷Ͳͬˣǿܰѷ쵫˺ζٵһ࣬ԪѾеĻϴ·أԪҪһ֡ܶ˶ԼļϲǳˣżҲãôȥԼҪɸˡ
¯ǾģȻͱǺɭֻõĺڹ֮ǰԪ׼¯ˡ
ܿ죬Ԫóͬ׼õ⴮ʹõ߲ˣ¯̵տտϵĵϸ˱ǣһŶʳָ󶯡
󣬵һǸ磬֮ԪкһԡҲϰԪ˫꣬ҲǳοȻҲͷزˡ
ڳԹտԪ硣
ۣʱ˼͸׸ӱԼҪڸɢɢ˳ʳ
Ȼûģ͸Ԫߵ˲Զһߡ
룬˵ġ
ʱźʣ㲻ֱ˵Ҫҵʲô
Ԫ˵ϲģҪڿ¼
˲䶮ˣɵøӺ棺˼£
Ԫ룺ϲ
Ȼе˼˲̫ͬȻѾˣԪ˵ȤеȤˡ
ڿɡ
Ԫû˵ֱǰٻһССˮۣҲ˿ֱ治
üǻǡ


351 
жһ, Ȼûвõ˼ǵĺֱۿɼÿһĻ, ׬ܴһǮҲ֣ڵ7磬ѾĿǰﴦڶεϵ, ַǳƽ, ˴˼ͻ󣬷չ졣ټϻǱǷǳ͵ģЯĳν൱֮, Լиֱ, ڴֲƷױȽϵ͵ʱֵֻܴͬģɵʵﵽϵʱôûˡǻǿĲɼ, ܷŷۣǵҲһЩṥ, ЩǻĶ֣żȻ鷢ֺҲתΪԴ
У￪ҲܵĻӭ, ÿĳ൱Ӵ󣬲Լ˺ܶ, ҲдӴ롣
һܵ㹻ķҾͻṺſ, ´ǧſǳ, ڻĿҲԽԽ࡭籾Ǹʮʺ϶ȼҲʮʺϻԴ, еĿ⵽Ǹȥ, ͬǸȥ˺ܶı䣬ٽ֮Ĵ
ڷԼڵ羭Ժ󣬻Ҳϲ棬ûʲôԣԻԴܻǶԼʶͺܻеĻ龭ֻſӺȥΣǵҲܲʹûпȥ£ԴҲܴ١ز˭ǵҲ⣬ֲĹԸԼľ͸лأԡزҲֲǻϲĶеĸȻͬģᱻǴԼС
ֵһǣʹǳֲԿģûƵģǸҲ𽥽·Сͬ˵ٹϺܶԺǸͻͬ滨ȻһƷֵĻ

֪пĸ󣬻ǵȻҲǷǳȤģǲȱǮҲҪ̫˼ǣֻ߸˵ػһһ㣬ЩпգԼͬ飬ָ߸˵ȥƱʱˡ
ȻҲɵǾһս͵ʵ࣬Ǵ˴пյĶǷս͵ģֺϼһ£̶ͬǿϡһʹʵսƽƽƷװĵȼ൱ģкüˣʹΣˣǺӦҲǶԽġ
ǣЩЯԼļҵʹʹؽٵ֮С

翴ǰˮһλõһĻڲӣһƬС
Ԫ˵һֱ֡
綮ˣѹԪ֪һȤ
ÿģʹչȥԪһڡ
˿̣ԶԶľϺֿܵӵһһǣʧЦһۺ󣬱˴֮Ҳġ
ûйȥǣҲûǻԼҲȻһ㣬Сڻ졣
绹ˮ
ˮõһ廨鲥ˣһλǰ棬ֵѡӲȥˡܿҲ˸ɭ̫ĵطÿòõĻ׺ֵģƬûнʳԭʼɭ˲ٻԾĸо
翴ſţɾЦˡ
Ԫͷº͡
Цָָˮ˵˹ѼԴЩֻҲǰöأҵҵ
Ԫ£˵ϲطɭֲȻ࣬ǾⲻǵԳ־
̲סЦܣͻȻ뵽ʲô˵Ҳ֪˼ô룿
һת־ã˼ô룬ŻûһͦõģȻϽȡԻķϢɡ
Ͼĵȼɱĵȼ߶ˣֻߣΪ˴ԴһЩ򶷣ɢϢǻûԼ츳ɭﵽֻöࡣ

ǵģǴ˿̾ڽд򶷣ǿȥʲôǿеǳ壬ڷԺ󣬾ͻԥؽй
ֻԵ֣ҲһᾭһЩĵ̣Ƿ֣Ѹٵع
λ͸֮ǰõһûеʶǿٵؾۼһ𣬽һͻ󷨡
󷨿ٵΧסͷ飬ʹзײҲ޷֮ÿһγײᵽһŨ㣬ǹŨζһ˿˿ѣΣڵҲʧ
ĻǷ׷ʩչԵͨţġͬƷֵĻǵıŷȥ׷ͷϣٹ˼ʱ䣬ϢˣӴҲ֧ŲסȻôȻ󷽵ȥ
ص壬޴Ƶ
󷨣ֵһԺ󣬲ԶԶؽǾʬսԼĴþ档
һͷ飬ǵսƷ֮һˡ
̫ǮˣԱ˴֮Ҳû̫Ҳ̫ϿȻȻģЩԲ鶼һĴþģǴ뿪󣬾ԺǮƽ֡
ûлƽ˭һ㣬˭һ㡣

翴ŻĴ򶷣ּǺܿȡʤĹʵ۾գҲգ
Ԫһ棬ոմһȻӣ§§һĨ⡣

ڲ˵˿ĵطһʶޱӴ֮Ȼתš·Ǹʶ壬ַ·ûκε뷨ֻԼԼ͸¶һϢϢһ˿棬һ˿أϽġ
֮
ǲǰģӰᱻκҵǶԷʵǿѾﵽ˸kҪʱ򣬲ſƳkһ˿ӰиkԻĻᡣ
Ȼʹһҵһͻἳȡ֮ǰ©øѰ١лԻ飬һһλᣬҵľмͻơ
ʹµ֮ӣҲͬл᳢
ܵתţkҪع۲죬ͿԽȫաڸ󣬴Ŀ˵kУҲ˺ܶ಻ͬϢk˲伳ȡ뵽Լķ֮Уضı仯
˽׶Եk˵һٲȱ©ĺûᣬÿп˴Ϣ࣬ΪӣΪ編кܶ𣬶ЩӺ𣬾ܸkı仯
ȻҲע⵽˻һġ
ΪһⲻͬĿ˴ϢҲѼԴǵkĬģԴȡ仯ǲûпȥѰԴk˺ܶ7Ļ
ĬĬתţЩϢ
kҲҲ˼ȴҲûľٶֻЩϢԵתһ¡
ûע⣬һĨٿһ¡
ת˲š
ʹkע⵽ҲʲôΪĨϢԵk˵̫Ϥˡ

ͬʱԪ˵Ҫʲô
һ㶡


352 Щƫ
Ԫ粻, ͽ˵ҸղŹȥһۡ
类ע
Ԫ˵ȡǴķϢӴĹ΢΢תӦԻ˷Ӧ
ȻԪ˵Щ, Ϊ֮ǰʳ, ȥһ, Ҹôġ
ͦůģüë˼ǣһ
Ԫ룺ǷָԴ

ĿǰƵ磬Ƴ̶Ⱦǿ鶼԰úƽģɾϾɱȽϸӣȫǾ£ʷᱻЮһЩõ£ҲΪʷһЩѵͲͬˣԻΪ, һֱôƽҲȫҡټȺ, һֱ֣ܿû̫ķա
Ŀ˲»ֹۿ, ӦҲܵϲرڵĿ绹ûгֺܸӵ鹹, ĵһֺϲƻ, kƣԶעҲġ

ЦҲ֪ǽʲôǳͦ, ܲܰҸԱ, Ȼȥɡ˵, Ԫ, , ˼¶ˣҪû̿Ͱ¼Ⱥʵʱٻطš
ԪӦ
˵ˮΪһĨˮ⣬˲ʧˡ

һͷŵɭ
Ϊɭֺԭʼû̫̤߶·Ҳǳ١ǻǵ̬ӯֻ䣬·ľ֮ͻ΢΢߷ֿɵͨ
Ҳȫûо裬Ҫ̫ţΪǽƬɭֺΪԲĵ뼸׵ķΧ֮ڵ龰ɵرƿأһΣٽǿѸٵķӦ
½½ģǳ顢Ҳװ˺üþߡͬʱǲµĻҲ൱֮֮࣬˵ƽҲ׺ǲɼĻҲ˼ʮ֣Իཻܸˡ
Ի˵ΪпԺ󣬿ԴȥܶԲͬġδˡԿķ羰Ǻ˿ĵ¡˳㣬ܸԼӸ಻ͬĻ䣬ǻϲԴȪ
ͺñڣʼշǳ֡
ͻȻ䣬쳤ϽŲһ٣΢΢
鳤ǼҲͣ½Ų
õ¶¶Ϻʣ쳤ϣ㷢ʲôˣ
쳤šϸϸüëϸֱһ˵ҺһֶǺõĶˡ
õ¶¶Ͼ졣
Ҳ棬Ƕûñ쳤ϸǴ·ǹȥ
쳤ϵͷԥسҲߵķ˹ȥ
Ƿ׷׸ϡ

λ鳤˳ű쳤ϵĸӦһɽȡ
΢紵ֲܶζűǲûŵĸоԼԼػ͸໨㡣
ζǻŵģ̲סһڡ
ָɽȣ˵ˡ˵棬һȥһɣ
õ¶¶ͷҲá
û
ɽȺѲס⼸λϡ
ǵĽ²ԼͬسһƬҶıҶƬǵ˫ţƮƮأֱɽ·ȥ
ʱ䣬ڳ˳½
һ˲ǾͿȵĸֲȻƷֲ࣬ȴҲƬŵĸ滨ܣ̫ϲˣ
鳤鲻ԽسһСԹǿڻûеĻһʱ侹ȻҲûǴкôıǷ׷ɢȰЩӲɼСĵպá
ѼһͨǾۼڸĵط˶ԻֵƷ֣ٻཻ֤ԶӵҵĻֺ󣬲㡣
쳤ǵĿģŴЦݳһָҸоǼǱߡ
鳤϶պӣǱ߿ȥǹȥơ

ûã鳤ڱ쳤ϵĴɽеһǰ
ɳӣصǣɳǲǳ·ʱʱ̶̿һƶ¶ţǲʲôѭƵġϸȥֻᷢЩɳʵһַǳϸ΢Ҳڱ³ɻȥѭ³Ժ˳ƣ˳͵ɽڵÿһط
쳤򴽡
鳤ҲЩɳٴŵ
桰
Լһɳǵȥ
õ¶¶Щ鳤ǱȽصģһ˵ѹ쳤췢֣ԭΪǸ
˳õ¶¶ָķ򿴹ȥͼ߰˿ֲһʢţɢǳˡ
ɽȵľȽԶҸҲ֣谭鳤ǣȴ谭Ϣɢ
쳤ϵıЩͬ࣬ŸرЩӶеİȻ𽥽ӽɽȵʱ򣬻鳤ҲһĸӦ֪˱쳤ϵĸ֪ûд
ڣ鳤ϸֱʱֻᷢЩɢȥһԭ򣬾Ǹոѭġɳӡ͵ķǼá߻ЩɢϢԵʡ
Ȼջߣٴοӡ
õ¶¶ϳţ˵ӵĵ£ʲôö
糤Ŀǰλʶģǰĳ˵һ²⣬ȰɳӶȡӵ¿һ˵ɡ
һҲûʲô
õ¶¶ЦѣɳٺãȡʱҲֱˡ
϶ǺЦ¶¶ҲҪעǡ
̶̼仰ʱ䣬鳤Ѿʩչֶ
Ƿ׷ʹֶͨΣʹǵǰ˸ִССĲͬЩĲ¼ؽγһǧһıյɳӽסǽ뵽ʱ򣬾ͷɿȡߡ
һСԺɳðٶȵ׻ǱȲϻ鳤ȡߵٶȣɳԽԽ٣ӵµ龰Ҳ𽥳ڻ鳤ǵ
ӺƽӵһΧصЩÿתһȦͻϸϸɳӴǹӿ
鳤ǿǶʱ򣬶𾪡
糤΢΢һ˵ȻƶϢ
ȻеĻ鳤Ƕһ
ڹ֮ǰ˭Ҳû뵽һֱôǵĺöȻϢ

Ϣֶ˵һϡĵرԣ˵һֺ鱦ҲУΪֻҪڣԴԴϵͷųأЩض൱֣ʺֲĵط
Ϣγɷǳѣֻڿٵصĳʱ΢һЩͻữΪƬ½غ󶨸ȻʧȥϢԡ
һֱԵϢǳټҲֻвԵϢǿԲͷŷصġ

ǰϢӵԵģһڲϵӪƷɳӣǺ鱦һĴˡ
滨ֲԣڿӪƷʱȻͲˡ


353 Ϣ
λ鳤϶һ, ϢǳĶϢȥǵȺзǳôģԴҲ, Դ, ȴݴ
Ǻܿ, ֿƬɽȵֲǸ뿪Ϣ̲, ºܶ඼ΪȱӪݽߡ
뵽⣬鳤ٴζӡ
ȻλϵϾɢɵĹ, ȻƺһٿȻһ, ֱϢֹȥ
ų˰ʱ, λϳ, ɫЩ΢΢סɼһͨʹףǶǿ, мĸ
ͬʱ, Ϣȴ, 𽥷仯
ۿɼģһϢмһѷ, ļӳ֣ѷԽԽϢȻѳһһС顪Сǿֻдǿʮ֮һ, ɺ, ʹǿһ, ֿܷ, Ҳɳӡ
ʱ, λ鳤ϲ΢΢˿ǵͨ
ʧҲʧһعǰ
ԭͨҲǻ鴫嶼ģʩչЩʵȴ԰ԵıͬһһΪϢŻᱻطָҲܱ÷ǳá
ֻΪϢ̫ԶԵıڷָʱʵλ൱Ҳҿλϰ£һ𣬷һϳǻûܽϢֿڵȫľˡʱ򲻽ûɣ뻹ᱻɣǾ̫ˡ
Ѿʩɹõ¶¶ϵһȥǿϢȡ˳
Ϸ׷׿ӣֻϢߺСϢԾɳûа㲻׵ĵط˿
õ¶¶ڴϢĨĨ
Ϣɳֵַġ
õ¶¶Ц˵ȻȥԺô
λ϶û
ʵҲҪôϢٷֿԣԴȥԺ󣬶ֻʹãλϣôһʮ£ʱҲÿֻһΣȵµʱǾͻὫϢʹá
ʹõ˳һ˵ǩͺá

õϢ֮󣬻鳤Ǿ͸ɽȣתͷ㳯һ֮ǰûȥķǰСҲظ֮ǰ£ֻһ֡Եɱ֡ԵȡһԴ
ɺܿ֡
ʱһͷתϵͳ֮ԪҲ¡

ʱԪӼ̽硣
ڲɼһֲɽеľʱһ˱һͷֶϮˡΪͷֵʵڶڣԾϺ˵Ǹٺòֶ˺ϣּҵɱ
ֵһǣһʱĿӵʵԽһ۷ļޱƽˣΪȹ̣ǻڲϺʵԼڵҪ޿ĵزͻƵ¡
ڸͷɱʱϵϢһԾȻٿȻǣȻѾƽͻƵıԵˣ
һԷ֣΢
Ԫ̧֣óƬԶķͬʱͻȴӰá
΢ţͳһѴ󹭡
ףңһ
ʱ䣬ͷ͹ӵ־ʹȥ
壬ٻΪޡ
գգۣӲ
еƤˡ
Ϻ㶣ܿ췴ӦϽɿصܵǰ
ҲǶ˵Ԫֱָָóķ
ϡֶˣԪͷлֳ˸кͷɢֱƬ֮С
ͬʱ˵Ĵֻﶼͷų൱ԴЩǴйġ׼ͻƵĶ
ڣԴѻ˸ͻƵԴԴϵظṩ
ҲԪעߣһһ㣬Ȼ䲹ϡ

ͻƲʲôܼ򵥵¶ʹ׼ҪĵʱҲ̡
Ԫڸš
ԪڣȻõʲô鹥Ӱ쾣ӵͻơ
˸СʱԪ§ָ΢΢˶
̧ۣôˣ
Ԫ˵˼ˡ
һ㶣Ȼ֮ǰ˵ԻЩƫԪԼʱͿšȫȫͻƣûʲô£ҲȷʵԿԪ¼
ǣЦ˵ʲôˣ
Ԫʱûлش𣬶ֱٻˮ
ˮֵǻǽɽȡվȡɳӵһĻλ鳤϶źۼ˿ڿˮ
磺
ҲɺϰɣۿʱĶǡñ¶Ȼ˲ΪʲôЩ׵Ļ鶼ܴˡ
ΪϢ
ѵһĿֵĳ³ϡǻϲĶŪûע⵽Ҳǡġ
翴Ż鳤Ҳ׷¶ϲ飬ȻֲϧϢΪһһС飬Ҳ桭
أ治ѡԼҲͦϲġò˵ſʱôһ磬Ҳһ˵¶ˡ
Ժ󣬻ǼԼọ́ӦòʲôϲȻҲͲټȥ
ԪĬջˮתȡһЩԴ
ҲĬԪľٶ߾תͻƵϡ
ȻƬؽ֮ڣͻƵԱߣԴڷģ˵ϢȴڲϵԽԽ졣
ǻۺ֤Ǿ鲻㣬͹Լʺǰ׼õԴ㹻ͻƣȴҲǿ
ڣôǿͻأҪʲô˾Ͳˡ
ԪȡԴȻģȴʵġ
Ԫףɡ
ȻҲܰѶͽȥΪ˱ĳͻ²ٿغֻ֮Ҫϸ΢ĳͻҲԪá
ԪȻˡ
һǰڶԴһΪʺϾϵĳϷȥʺֵľͳַȥԴǼشƫеھ䷽ȡõĵط
ϺȻͻУҲȫܲ磬ڷԼΧʱȻҲȻ˿
ԴǶʱԵɣֱۣͻơ
˵ϢǵøˣߵԴҲڴҿٵģõȫ˵ڣǵʵ
ŹһСʱʱ䣬ǾǱ߷仯
ѸһԴ˫ȻһŻ⣬ȻĹž˵߶ƺ˰θһ㡣
ٹһС񷢳һĴ죬Ϣһ˺üҲ˳һʣʵ
˳ͻˡ
ʱϢһ鸡ԪóһЩԴ͹ȥɱϿա
һߵ֣ͬҲڿͻơ
ֻȾһ˿ǰԴϢͬһزȣͲҪԪ߸ԴˣΪԭʺȡõĶ硣
翴ˣǳá
׽ͻˣѾȹ̣ԱӣҲӡ
Ȼ˸˲ˡ


354 пbug
ھͻԺ, һĿȻٴһͬĶȥΪ̫˵Եʣһֱڿʮ죬Ʊ, ûκһͬеĿˡ
;, նɱ˲֡ͨɾϺֵֻһֱ֣˺Ӧʱ, Ԫ֡
ʮȥ󣬼˲òȥƱ
һʮ죬һµʱˡ
ٻȥʱ, ǿѡǻصϴ뿪ԭأ͵ĳص㡪һĿڻѡԭأ֮ǰ̽, ĻͦϤġ
ν롢һµʱ, һӲ˵, ǸԷֱҲõ൱ԴҲǰʱǻϢʱ˼һ㣬أǶܷһƬԴʱͷҵĿѾ˰, ࡭ʱҲûʲôüˣһʱҲ㲻
ʱٴνֹʱ, ϺֻЩδֻϧѰﻹкܶҪæҲû취Ųôʱ, ҲֻȻȥ
Ԫɿһ䡣
϶С, Ȼǻӻ, ʾһСˡ
ʵ, ھϺ뿪˵ӰͶȻԭʧˡ
ȻԿĺܸȤ˳ͬ׸ѹͲộ·ߵʱҲûʲôӵġ
ԣֻʣԪʱԪ§˾Ѿüٶһط
رǣЩ©Ϣĵط˵Ҳ
ͬʱǰʼˮпĵп˵ļַزŸۿȤģ˵˽ųΪԺеĻ䡭

һ5̫ӴˣԴƿֲ
ֲǣԼϵ͵Դĵòô࣬ԴˡȻǸе顢Ȼܶ࣬Դԭڵн۷ӵǸǱʴﵽ۷ԼЩﵽ۷ʱ
ƷԽߵԴԽԴ۷鳤ռһڲĵĶԴǷǳµģ˵һͷΪһĵģһǧһƷ׵ʮ궼Ĳꡣ
ôԴڸҵп˵ֻҪʵ㹻ˮԴҲԶԶǶ̶̸ʱͿȫѹδġ˵ǲˣûκΣһֱѹҲ
ע㣺ȣǸڻܳһʱ䶼Ϊ׬ȡҵҪȻ˳Ļ׬Ǯ

Ԫļ֮£ûʱͿ5磬Ϊʶ̫ˣҲѹƷԿԺҲͻص档
ţ鿴ʱǳƷе嵥
嵥ܳ˶ԿٵҳˣΪǵ嵥ܳҲܴ󣬲ҳ۵Ĵܶࡣ
һ㣬Щ棬ȥɽĿҲ׬ʮķңȥĵĿˣΪƱǮȽϰԵʣЩȥʱȽ϶̣׬ҲһЩʮҲڻ¡
Ϊʲô˵ˡأ
ȻΪп˶˳˳ġ
ȥɽĿ˴嶼ܰȫ׻ǻõģʵԴ絥Ҳʶ㿴ϲֻԴȻܺҲϳƫƫʵȥɼȡ
õԴԱȽ٣ɱϾƱ۲󣬻ǲⱾġ
ҲԾһСֵĿãڽ󲻾ãûüɼԴƷ׸߳Լܶˡһ׵ģĽ飬Էֱӳ˹ʶ嶯˰ҲֻܸϽһתصȥˡ
һȥʱˣ֮ǰڿõԴֲܻƱۡλȥʱ򣬾͵ƱһʵĻѡ

翴嵥
Ԫ̽һֻ첲ϵͳҳỮһ¡
һ㶡
Ȼͷ֣³һҳ档
п¼
ҳɲǣͫ
пˡˣ
ԪỮһ£ҳ򿪡
ǰģһλ˵ӰԼԷϸϡ

һλŹװѩ޵òŮӣϡ
Ƿ謺졣

û뵽Ŀ˻Ƿ謺죬Ϊʲô
ȻΪĸǿ̫ԪͿǽȥʱģһͱ׼ǲѿ͵֮ء
ʲôб֮أ
һ׶ס½͵ǸյʱʶӦͻᱻˮѹٱѵͽ׵Ŀֱ͵߽ߣǻͱ߽Եˡһλͽ׿ֱ͵սм䣬˲ͱһ𹥻
ġ
謺ԴӽкʵͻͽѾǳĽ׵ǿˣȥѼԴԼҺü˶˸ġ
˵׵ҲȫûӦ붯һʶֱ뿪ûģ˷ƱǮѡôڿ磿
Щ죬תͷԪ
Ԫ˼ָʱǰǽڵĻ¼ġڷ謺쵽ôĵԭ

謺֮ԻΪ˸ǡ
ԴǷ謺һʼ׵£ĸѡ˶۷ϵˣһǰ硣
Ǹһ˳Ǻ˳ģҲûʲôΣա謺첻νСģÿȥһط̽鸽Ƿǿ飬Ȼȴû뵽ЩǳǿһҲû쵽
ڷ謺һƬȵ׵ʱ򣬴Ҷϰ׵ľɼԴʵǸȴڲɼʱ򣬱һͷ׵͵Ϯˣ
׸۷̫ԶˣϮǷ謺죬϶ǿע⵽ҼʱģΪ˾鶼ֻи޷Ҫˣһ
謺һλɫĹˡ
ֱӳ˹ȥ
Ҫƽֻ취һǷ謺뷽跨ɱ飬Լ˴ߣһǷ謺ڸɱĹĻǱſеʱҲᱻǲصԭڵСǰ޷ٴνС
Ȼͷкܶౣ֮Ȼ謺켫Ҫɱͷ飬վĶ֣ҪȥæȴҲ謺ˡ
󣬷謺֮¡
嶼˸ɸɾ
ͷ׽ʱΪ謺Ѿ͸ǱſΪǡСġҲٿȻʧ
ֻѸ̳Ե謺Ĳŭĺ

翴̣غһ
Է謺Щ΢˽⣬ôȷʵԸ񣬶Ҳȷʵ
Ͼȴᡣ
пԪ˵߰ɣȥһеһλȥĿˡ


355 
еһƬؿռ, ڶľ
ȴһ΢ĺ쿨Ƿ謺ĵط
类Ž֮˶ʵ, Լ⣬ûܿԼԼ, ˫ֻ, §ڻ
ź쿨, ̾˿
ܷ謺ȷʵ, ıԵҲҪĸ˻ﻹ൱, Ҳϧ
ڲϧʱ, һ, ȻҲΪϧġ
翪˵Ԫѷ謺ɡ
΢΢, ָ㡣
ź쿨ϣȻһ, 漴ſתһȦ桰¡һӰ
Ӱʱģ, żӺ¶·ķ謺Ӱ

ҧȻʹ, 謺ǸŮ, ʹκεοԸǰȥ, ҲΪ˻ƴϵķ, þȫ, ʹ, ҲûʲôɲʵġҲھ, ܱȣѡԼ뿪ͷٸǱ𣬿ɽʹʹδķȡ˵ȴúֵá
֮󣬷謺ܸоһɱסԼĵðȫȴûһ˿ʶ·ߡ
˿̣бѣ徲һƬУſĺҫšǰ·Զַ·ܽĵطһŹӰƾնòҲԷʵ޷ֱԷκһʹԷûпɢκѹһֶԷΡ롢ԼСĸо
謺ʶŹӰ
֪ʵ֪ò֪֪ꡢ֪ա
ȻеĿ˶֪еˣ
Ǹп˻ԵĴܡ
ûκܿأûκܿκһ˿ܡ
ϳԺ󣬷謺ʶ񣺡
ŹӰУ΢΢̧֣ƺ¶һ΢Цض񡣡
ҲԷֱɫŮסƴȴֱӴ֮ڣԿ̵һ
謺Ծɱֹ̬ȡ
ȴֿ֮˵صУʲô㣿
謺ĬȻһ˲ף֮׼ôأ׼
⵱Ȼûʵġ
謺˵

翴ǰķ謺죬֪謺쿴ҲʼձЦݡ
謺ľһҲ⣬Ȼͼˣĸַһַͨĵر޳Ĺ֭ҺԽҩֱӴﵽĽ۷壬Ԫﵽǧء޳Ĺļλʮһš
ʱ謺仯
΢Цţ˵ڶַг淮ַѶʮҡַӸԺ󣬷ʵǰû𣬵Ҫڹƾ跮Ըˡ
ַͼλһ謺΢
ȲᣬȾǡķҲ

Դӷ謺ֻǻμӵģҲڸֻ׬˲ٷң˵ȱ⼸ʮķҵģʵȱ
Ƿ謺Ϊ˰ԼʵǰĽף˺ܶԴҲܶ죬˴ѵķҡ
ȻΪǴβ㱻ԼǹеŮǼʹӵһʵҲδذȫڹθУ˴ġʺϹǵԴǣҲһЩĸʵɿﵽӵиƴĵز򸱿ĻʮϡͬʱǹʵҲһأⶼԴ㹻ġ
ȻȥҪƱģ⿪ƱͬһǮ˺üڣֻȥһ죬Ҳʮ򣬺οһӾͶ죬ֱӾʮƫƫڵһͱݶأŪԴ򡭡
Ҳ͵¼дĻԼĴþߣжļֵܺҲʮѣû취ѡṩĵַеκһ֡

謺ЩΣһʱ䲻֪Ҫô˵ҲЩǣ˵Ƿŭ
֪ſϵЯĲƲĿ÷謺˵Ҳܿľ
Ҳλǹ˾̫ȣЦЦֱ˵Է·ӣԻȡ㹻ķҡ
謺æ˵ָ㡣
絭˵һ·ӣĺѽǮȻָ㷨ҹ黹֤ĺѣκһλϵϵģϾٻ˵Ŀ׬Ǯ˻Ϊṩûйƿ˵ıҪڶ·ӣʱתΪʥ飬пޣڼ䲻ʲôӣ˷ңͿʥһķӸ
˵ЦЦѡ·Ӵ㷨ңѡַӸɷо
謺꣬˿Ȼ˵˼
΢΢̧֣㡣
ȻԸ˼棬ȻͲûġ
謺Ȼ˼
Ȳ·ӣҪȾԼǮ
ѡ׵ĵرʵ;ײԶˣԪǳ׵ļޣеģҪʮҡ
ѡֱӳָôǸĽ׵ˮ׼ڵĽǿߵԪǰ˰꣬ȵ׵ʱ򣬾ͻһķԾԪǧءԼԪ򵽰˰٣ҲԪȥԼѾҪѸңַӣҪʮ
ڰ˰ԪǰһͻףôԪӵǧ꣬ĵرṩǧһǧһǧļֵʮң֮ǰЩѣʮ
ʮʮȣ߿󣬷·ֱгֻ㣬һĽ׵Ľ۷ҪѵԴȴԲֹҿԸ㶨

Ѹ׺󣬷謺˵ѡ޳Ĺ
ͷʾѡôǮ
謺û˼̫ãǵ˵һ磬֪Ƿ񡭡
üȻԡ
ǻ״̬Ƿ謺컹ǿԴſ壬ҵ˽ҳ档еʱ䲻㳤ύ˲࣬緽ʽľ͸١һ𲢼սģҽа׺˺ļͽܡ
謺һ뵽ģҲǰ׺ˡ
Ϊ׺Ϊʱʱ̫飬Ϸ謺Сһٶ꣬ʵǰѰ׺˵ɳġȻǳܷ謺Щ˼Ǳܵ
ȻҲȷ׺ǲǻԸǮ
侲һ󣬷謺쿪ʼ׺˷˽ġ
һߣûгš
Ǻĵġ

ڿͽǴѼԴİ׺ͻȻյ˽ġ
ˣ׺˻Ͳˣ˽ȴΪѵģ΢˵㷨ңڸ֪ʱȻҲͣ˶Ծһٻſ
ǵģֱҲû÷謺Ϊͽܵţʱ仹Ŭôɲɵ˵
׺˵㿪˽ġ
ȻͫȻ
謺죺׺壬ˡ


356 Ǯ
׺ȫû뵽, ԼȻֱӵõôجġ
תÿ죬ѸٷӦЩп˲õû, ſǻֱӸǰѻǴߵġ謺ֶŮϢӦþǻǷġ
׺˻, ظ
׺ף謺ֶŮʲôҪ׺æ𣿡
׺ϼ޻Ҫ˴ýʱʧ֣һ˷謺ϵһһ, Ϊ˼øжȣȻҪ˼󣬶ѯˡ
Ȼ, Ǳ߷謺׺ô飬ǵκԥҲʧˣЩҲͺóˡ
ܿ췢ظ
謺죺׺壬ܽһЩһĵر, 
謺죺ͷǮȸԺһȥ, ܿܰǮϵġ
׺˼ˣ
׺ף㻹٣
謺ܿظ
謺죺ʮ򡣡

еС
謺췢ˡʮ֣΢΢졣
ʮҿɲǸСĿ, ѾԺСˡ
Ŀǰͷֻʮ򣬽ǹ޳ĹҪʮ򣬵ȸԺҪһʱȥѼԴлȡǮʣµĶʮҲֻƱ, , һЩơָҩƷʽ, Ҳþ֤ǰ뿪ְװ˷˻ᡭ
ҲĿ̫Ҫǰ׺˴һʼĻظһֱлῶ˼¶뵽ʵĴǿڡ
ֻǣʮʱҲЩŵģţеĻʮɲԣʱȡȥĵһ׬ǮԴ
һ룬׺ǱߵĻظˡ
׺ףԣֱת㣿ʮ򹻲ٶҲԡ
謺ϣʱ˸м
׺徹ȻһԥûоԸתǮȻԸ࣡
˵֮ǰֻԼ׺˵˳ôڣð׺˾͸һֵεģԽк󱳵ģ
謺츧ؿڣˣȴھһһֲ֪ôݵģļϲ
謺죺л˰׺壬ҡҲ֪ôҵл⣬һᾡ컹Ǯģ
Ǳߣ׺˸һ̸
׺ף謺ֶŮͿ˲ǣü
謺죺šҡҡ
׺ף˺ˣˣ׺߻ŵʱ䣬㸴ԺȻȥ㼸ˣҲӦӦ塣ͷ׺嵽и棬һȥġʱٴˣʵܵ˵
謺ⷬ￴ĹģӸж
Լ۽ǣᣬȴоů
謺¶һ΢Ц
謺죺ãٸ׺ϵ
׺ףС
վڲԶĵطѷ謺׺˵Ľȫ̿
üֻ̾ǰ׺˸ɵƯȻѾ˰æȻҪǧмźãȰæ䲻˺ô̫ˣڣ׺ڷ謺ĵλֻҪԾһλˡ

ʵҲ謺׺˵ĽȻм䣬Ϊ֡ٶȻǺܿġ
Ѹٵõ׺˵Ӧʺ󣬷謺Ҳ˻֮ԱߵţæٴοӰߣ֮
謺˵õȣȻͺ׵ˡ
׺˵ǮʹǮڷ謺˵䣬ſѾʮҵתˡ
ڵУ֮ת˿ֱӴ˽ҳУԼʹ׺˸謺ڲͬ磬Ҳ˵ת̵ˡ
謺֪ſĵѣеЩǰĹӰ˵ۿɡ

ЦЦ̯ƣȻԡ
ǣ˿ĵӰҲ֣غϡ
˵һĴѸٵسһŹӡ
Źӵ̬ЩŹ֣ú޳İģ˵Ǻģοյؿ֮ȴǶһŽɫ࣬ɢ˿˿ƵĹâǹâƽͣͺǷ⣬âʱʱתÿһתʱ򣬶ƺڵͳ
ԣӼȳֹŹ֣˵ĸоȴǰЩɭȴиȱ
޵ɫеƺһףĵ޳ĹƮ֮⣬ͣӰ뷮謺֮
ţָ㣬ɫָָϣͬһ㡣
һ˲һĹâָбŷ޳Ĺϡ
һ˲޳ĹâѸڻһŽɫҺ塣
ɫҺԪָӣһŽɫƣڷ謺ϷȻƳ˿˿ƵĽɫԣΪ꣬Ҿȡϵڷ謺ĻϡɫҺ岻ϵسŷ謺Ļ͸ÿ͸ȥһЩڶһĨ׹⡭׹ۿɼٶתΪõ壬ɫҺ͸ԽԽʱİ׹ҲԽ࣬õҲʵһ֡
أõѪ⣬һܹסĿӣ֣𲽱ûѪ档
ɫҺԾͬһ͸Ѫ壬ҲԾڷ׹۵ѪԽԽ࣬ȻѪ˹֧ӣƵӱøӵؼͦĽ磬Ѫ֮С
ڣѪ⡢ȫг̣Ҳѩ׵Ƥ
ͬʱһâǸ謺촩һƵģڱ˸ı仯Ҳڱ塣
ҲʱеĽɫҺȫˣ謺Ҳڳγɡ
謺ۣͷ˿Լâڵĳ壬æſصԴȡһѣԼϡ
âɢȥſǰģԾǸװòĽ۷ǿߣǹ謺졣
謺ӯӯһݣл
΢΢һЦ̧˵ضȥɡ
ӵ磬һƬ⡣
謺ֻǰɫһƬɵһ񣬵ָ֮ŷ֣Լվеһ
ſɴڣĻ֮ڣָϴһöָĶ
謺һվٸ׺˷˽ġ
謺죺׺壬Ѿ˳ˡ
Լ赽ʮ򶼻ʲôطҲһһʮȫ˵˸ס

׺ڽӵ謺ʱ򣬾Ѿ׼Ե謺ʮʱҲû֣ûжһ䣬ֻǸɴشӦתǮȥ
謺Ļظ־ĸмҲ׷֣ӣǷ謺θһ㣬˼ΪѺõͬ˹ϵ
Ȼû÷謺͸Ѿ˳ô֧ʮҶϸؽͣɼûˡ
׺ȻṼϺЦ謺ظ
׺ףͺã謺ֶŮοԿˡ
謺죺ûûСҡȻȥˡ׺壬
׺ףȥɣעⰲȫ
謺죺š

謺Իжٴμ
Ȼû˿ԥأصԼ硣
Ϊ˿ܾȣӦȥˡ


357 ½½
ŷ謺ָ, ǴһƵģеĿ֮½ߡ
ЩǳڿģܿǴ֪֮, ˣҲˣôʮֿԼʵһʱ䱻ӴԴԻ󣬻ʶһЩͬΪ˵ͬ, ۼһǰȥġ
˿磬Щʵһ, ڿءǮ
ʱǻǴԸ˵ġ
Ϊȥĵطǳ㣬һȥͷ, Ϊһƽĵ, ҲûʲôΣաΧȫǸƷײ߳Ʒ׵ֲ, Щͽ׿ǺԥظֶΣʼٵزժЩֲ
̶̰ʱ, ͬĿ˶㵽кüķң˵ٶ֮죬ǰûлġ
ǱҲ, ܹҲֻмǧķ, ֻϼѣҲҵ飬պѾɼԴ, Ǿͺԥؼǰ
ȻһСʱԺ, Щ׵֡
ֻһͷ, 𿴿Ҳ˺ʺǵĹؼƷ׵Ĳ޷Խ֮ǿǸҲף߳ף
ǣ˳µء
һ߰˸ˣȫûһ㡰˶󡱵˼Ѹٵءһһֵ
ü˾㤵ǣǼƲ̳ԵҪϻϳ˵Ҫ̷ʳʲôġ
Щ¶ҲǰĲ²⣬һҲ֪ġ

ſЩ˵Ļǻȥͬ˷謺Ƭûй
ҲǺ˱˵ˣڷһô࣬Ʒ׺ܵ͵Ŀ˺Ҳ͸ɴԪȥЩŵİ׿
Ǻͷ謺ʱһ˵ĻǴſٻһǣΪελһұ˴ʶôҲûзֱһٻһٻ˳
ǰߵľ㶵վţﻹдûȥĿֻš
еĿӣÿһλܴӵмߵ־еֻѰͨˣͨ涼еëġ
֮ǰ̫ԴˣڷӦԺ󣬿ֻűɻңǸĹšǴû֮ʱǵȶЩµλܡ
絹û⡣
ʵԽԽߣĿԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ࣬ѾǸˡ˵ȴġʹڵпˣֻǸӡпˣпûʲôһֵĹעδػСͻȻȤ¡
ǰ߸СëҿôҲ
ܺʣѡһӣһ·
˲ǵһģҲûʲôĵطǾͱ򵥴ֱϢ
ѯʣ߸ǶѸٽӵſдݳ֣˰ԼǰѡЩ
ֻǣÿ˵뷨ǲһġ
⣬ǵѣÿ˶ܽ
Һã߸ҲΪʵҪķҲ࣬ڿǰʱժǼֵҵֲﶼſأҲֱӳ۸Уȡǵĸ
ǰԴˣһһǸ
߸˵ƷףʺǸĵرҲеģ۸ͬǵĳܷΧڣĵرҩԷǳǿңһʧܼʡ
Բö˵߸ֱѡжֽǸ
Ȼ󣬾ԪУʹ߸һ𸴻
˴µķгȡһһжָǰͷʣµķңҲǧˡ
˵׵ǿһ׵Ŀһ롣
ô˵߸˻Ƕ˳ظˡ
ԸΪ үүϣҲΪǻûرɫһ֮²жٿԸǰɣ
ĻǵĸͿνңңˡ

ǧл뿪ҲԶԶȫ
ҲһЩ謺һùģԼԼʵϧѼԴĹȴ˴Ӹ߿з顣ֱӸӲ๶⼸˵ͷ­˱ǵļХ̼Դ̱ԴǵʬͳΪЩʳسѨˡ
ЩùصеУȥǸ
ΪԴ洦ɼֻҪ˻Ҳ㹻Ǯ
滹ҲиĲСģиԭ
֮ԺͻصУѡͬķʽҹ
Ψһλһ4ƼĻʦһλŮԣΪѰҸʺϴ׵Ĳϲǰȥġ
ϧǣΪ̫רעڲɼһʯΧΣգһͷ׵鷢Ѫ⡣
λʦֱӱҧˣӦֱǰʶսʯֻ֪ǣͬʯͷ̽ˡʯȻΪһͦóԵϣڿרעھ򣬽ظ˸⡭
λŮʦ뿪ʱûдʲôԴҪҲķȫĸϡˣһֱƶ״̬ȥҲϣκγʦݣûо·֣Ѿˡ
ǳƶ
ѹûнѣҲҸп˾ԷǮĽֻһʱȥԡʥ顱׬Ǯ

ЩڿģߣȴǳԻɽˡ
ɽȷʵȽϰȫⰲȫڿģɻɽᱬôܰٷְٰȻأ
ǻˣΪ׼㡢ʵȽɼԴʱԭ˻ɽ
ԭ򡭡
еǱһֱŵġϵ͵ϮЩȻ٣Ҳ󣬿еĹȴǿͱܣҽӵײ˯һ˳ѣͻ³Ļ࣬ѸٰѱƵǾеѪҺոɾеΪ˴̻񣬾Ȼӻɽڵȥֱӱҽɣͷûе׼õıٻ֮ΪƷײǿȴһӳȴԴḻĵط±ٻֱ֮ӻ𣬶ҲǴΣû
⻹ˣ඼Ƶġ
Щ˵Ļ½رſУʱһʱֱҲѡķʽ
ͷлҲѣ˳
һ¹ȥָпѾ˶ʮлһǸεġΪҲ֪˵ûʲôġ
ͬʱſезҲԽԾܶ˶֪ԭλܸܶǴԴȴҲͬûЩ
ٷ棬ҪȡǾ԰ȫġ

ҲһʱԪǽֻΪпˣвûƷԱȽϵ͵ʥ飬ΪԼĿǹϵҲΪĺôĶ࣬Ҳܵ˿Ըķҡ
ʮʥ飬Ҳ˳ˡ


358 ͵ķ
ƷԽߵʥҪĻԽ, ҲԽѸڵʥȻѾܶˣǴȴҲѾȥԼǮԼȴ
ʮ˳ʥ, һ, ȫµġ
оͰڵСҶԪͷ衣
ԭܼ, λʥ鶼ǵĹźеĹϵС͹ëСǵմʦͽҶԪ½Ĵʦ
һϵڣǱĹʥ, ƽϵø, ˵ǴӸ濪ʼ׬Ǯȫ㹻ת֮󣬾Ѿ˸Ĵ, , ʱáǸͬʱѾõ˹͵ſ, ֱתΪеĿˡ
⣬׻Ҳܵ˸ǮֻڱӶʱڣʱҲ㸴˵һſ, ܼǸֻˡ
⻹һЩʥͶˣеǡǸ, Ǻܾ, ҲԸȻһЩ۽ǸҲеĸȥؾ, ڻϤԺ, ҲԸġеԭ򡭡ܸ֮Ķ͹һζȡ
ңиʥ飬һ⣬ȫתΪеĿˡ
ʥǶԣһʼٻʱһĻ׬㹻ǮôԽǾԽ¶ģŵùĹһſ󶨣ǾͲٵȥ򣬸ҲֻһЩѾʶ羰ʥôأ
뷨綼֪ġ
Щʥ׼ʱ򣬶ᰴչ涨֮룬æһͨ󣬴һʼľʣҲе鷳ˡ
ȫΪҲţȥ桢ԪµʱѵҪܱ˽ȥ
뵽糯һֱӿԪĻŵرȥˡ
û£ѪգڴϹһ

뷨û⼸ԪŹŵʱһλ˲СĹҵˣҲãԪȥҲ١еƵǣһθոҪʱͻȻλʥ룬Ҫظеˡ
ԪܶؼӿٶȣҲоһٲ˵˼
Ȱһʥ鸴֮ٿԪ̾˵ôȥҲǸ¶
Ԫ˵ʥ鸴ſϽס
΢֧һ㣬䣺˼ǣ
Ԫҵʶͨ磬ֳһ˿ⷽͿˡ
°ͣɴʥǸ븴İ롮ɵϲ̡һ븴ڶѡֱӸ/ӹĵرǿ/ʹĵرЩĵرнƼжƥĻҲÿѡ񡣡˵⣬һ䣬ʱûкʵĵرڶѡҲǵһѡѡһѡ󣬵ǹʥԼ롣ѡɣһʥȷϣȷԺֱӴǵ˻ۿ
ԪͷȷϺһֲȥ룬ĵرһᴦԺһ͹ȥ
Ҳͷ
յ꣬뵽ʲôæ˵ҼǵðԪѾкĿ紫˰ɣǿͨǸ͹ܣ
ԪȻǵãͷʾȷʵˡ
°ͣҲõ˿۵ʱˡҼǵÿͨܵʱǺܹġ
Ȼв޶ëĵ֮Ϊ˿ǵķ˴ǮȻǲԼ򵥵ġ
͸ԪԪ⴫ͷôΪã
Ԫ룺շѣͬƷÿιƣͬƷơ
붮СǧĿˣÿιƷ£շ10һΣǧĿˣÿιƷ£շ100һΣǧĿˣÿιƷ£շ1000һΡƷĻÿÿһƷҪֱȡ101001000ķá˵ú˳˹ƷͬƷСǧǧǧÿһεļ۸ֱ101001000ҡ
ԪͬԣҶˡ
䴽ЦЦƷֱӳ۸Ҳǣʽ˹һÿһγ۵ļ۸Դƣ101001000ҡ
ȷпڲͬﶼннףҪһˣÿӵи˿Ĺ飬ȻǷǳǵģҲǴ޴ıһǿͨ͹ܣǱȻеʱ䡪ûϵϾҪĲһֱ֣ǿ˸εףѲͬĶִͬȥԼķҲԽ
Ŀǰ˶ҪڲͬѼԴϵĴþδعã˳Լôʱ򣬷ǳź뿪װ˷˺ܶεĻᡣʱܰѶˣɲǼʱÿһֱӽ׵ķãԾ˵治˵۸񰺹
˵һγ/ƷǸĴͼ۸ƺȷʵߣǿ˵࣬ÿһεĽ׶ҪôǮٳɶ࣬ͶǱ޶µëҲɲһոľ²ˡ
ȥ⣬ⶨͦʣͶԪ֣صͷ͹ܾôðɡ
Ԫ˵á

˵⣬˼ʥ鸴̺ʹ͹ܵ÷ˣԺĸҪôҲûԪش˵ҲʥһɣſĹƷϼһ[]Ʒ
Ԫ䣺ƬռòſЯ˻ǽռ󣬻Զǲѡ
۾һԡ˼·ҲƬռҲԸһ£ֳɲͬĹײĸӰɡ
Ԫײĸӣ
գգۣȽʽС
Ԫͷá
˵ÿײĸ涼ڵģſͱȻ˵Ļڹײĸ棬ͬʱҲԱ֪Ƿͬп׼ԼѡǷѹײĸ͸˴˲ͱ˴˹ͨҪеǮ˵ҸеҲ군ͬǽһʡõŻ߹ȥˡ
Ԫٵͷá
翿Ԫһ˼һ˵˻Ѻ󣬿ٻſ岢[]Ʒ㿪ƷԺ󣬸ʥǵ̲࣬ѡĵرʱҲܸѡȥǰôô
ֻǮ
Ԫٵͷá
Ҫ󶼼
һЩϸڣͬԪסŵ̵Ľȥʥ黹ǿˣͨԼ˽һУȫʹ֮ˡ
Ԫס
ЦЦˡ
ԪıӡǷڵ£ȫûʲôġ

鶼ŸԪԺԪȻǸÿһ֪ͨȥصÿһſϡ
еп˶Ū֪ͨݣҲԼԺͬ¼ʱҪôȻĿ˶ʶظԼ¿ԸԼһʱõķҡȻҲģ뵽
ЩǿԼˡ
ͬʱʥĸҲӷ㡣
ָ˺ü
һٴˡ


359 󣨸Ĵ֣
ʱúܿ, תۼ䣬ȥˡ
ѧҵˡ
ߵԪٿıҵ֤, ʵе㲻̫ʵ
⼸, ʼһʱ, ľ󲿷ʱ, ԪûѧģԼֻÿϼ½һμ, ٲμһ¿Զѡ
ԣʱл㱵ؾûˡ
һ, ѱҵ֤Ԫ
Ԫ˵һյ
, ָľԪ˽լ
Ϊ, Ⱳϴѧ뵥޸һ´ѧ, виˡϴѧ¶˵ҲûģͱԪϴѧڼȳΪѣ֮𽥷չѧᶼ൱ý֮һˡԪ˵, ϴѧ±ûʲôҪģǳԡˡݽѧʱѧˡ顢顭
ˣ֤ιıҵ֤, ͺֵղˡ
ٹϺܶܶԺ˻ع˵ʱ, ܻʱ⡣
ͷ롣
һκԪ, һοԪ, ʱѾԪˡ
뵽ʱѾú˼ܶٻ룬Ӧø˼
ԪȻ뷨ģ˱ҵ֤Сĵˡ
˵ѧλ֤ʵûбҵ֤ôдԣҲͬ


˫ϥۣȫĵͶ뵽֮С
һõӰ§ڻ§ýʵʵȴûӰ쵽˰㣬ֻ·Ǹһȴû˿
ΧŨĻЩŨüҪ۳ҺһҶȾһƬڣΡ
ЩǱһǿšţһȦһȦתűɵĵ
·𵹹ƵĽĵ˵ⱾͲôķӦԽԽŶԣʵȴⷿ·ԶҲ䵭ɵԽ࣬Խ죬Ǳһǳȶ״̬С
ϱƽ
ֱŹаСʱЩԽԽرգüͷ΢΢塣
Ҳ΢΢زЩԳˡ
Ҳֻ΢΢üķӦȴûˡͺѾϰƵġ
ͻȻ䣬Ϊһɫಡһȫ
һ̣Ȼۣ
ڣ񷢳һ΢ı
ûټЩȫע֮ڣԼüͷɿ³һ
õӰ֪ôͳǰѸ黯ʵס˫֣ɤʸУִֻᡣ
û°ɣɹˡ
糯¶Цݣţ˳ͻơ
ǵģһ̣ĽͻƵס
һĽףҲһҵʱ䣬Ȼ׬ٶȼ첻ȱйأҲԪκʱԸйءӹɣҲ츳йء
ô츳ѣĽףҲʱ䡣
ףֻҲҪʮ꣬׵߽ס߽󡭡һױһҪʱǧģƷ׶δػᶯһˡ
˵ʵڵģͻƵٶѾǳˡ
ҲƷ׻̫ʵϡ㣬׾Ѿˡɽ󾳽磬ȵף˼
仰˵һͨ˵ˣܹҡ
ֱ˻

һԪЦЦԪٸҲȹһʵ
Ԫͷָ㣬ҾٴαŨĻ
Ľ׵׵Ľ׶Σһ򷽷ķѷ1000⻹̫ѣ׵Ҫʮ򷽻Ҫ1ڷңЩ꾭ӪҲ㹻ġȻ׵߽ףҪ10ڷˡ
ս絥һ룬¶ǰڡ

ͻƵ׺翴ĸоֲһˣڲͬ硢ͬһĲͬطʱܸо΢仯
ָоأҲҪԼеӦ
ȻԪΪӦÿ춼ᱻ罻һʱ䡣
Ӧ˲ȥߣҲߡ

ȥʵ⣬кܶĶҲ˱仯
˵Ǹɽĸ¥˻ɽ⣬Ļ
ֱǡѩ쫷ϿȻˮ׳ػ
صͬԪ޾Ѱҵİλ棬Ǹѩһ˱ѩİλ棬ųƬѩɽʢѩԵĲϣܳƷߵıҲס
쫷ϿһϿȵİλ棬λ涼°ݵģΧһɽ壬Щɽ֮ҲйַХ¹ȥͳٷԵĲϡƷԴﵽ׵ġ
ˮ׳ػͱȽ⣬ǳ׵編İλ棬סˮ׳նڴϣԪغܷḻҲܻԾһķӦԺ󣬳ĵرˮס֣Ե١
ʲôнˮҪнˮ׳أΪסˮڵҳӣͬ˲ͬԵһǳַΪͬƷס⼸Ե߽Щţô廹ʽԸԼ޴ĺôȻӵƷҲͬݴˣҲΣա
ƷߵĳӣﵽĽס
ȥ⼸һһʸеͬʱҲÿиѡ񣬿ԸԼҪ׬ȡҡ

֮⣬ٴοµ硣
Ϊ׬ǮתԭԽԽõģĹĵʱȻҲῼ̫ࡣ
ǣֱ׳ȥŰ׿һź쿨ʮϿ
ǴǧĿҪСǧǧѾ㿪ˡ
ǡ
0Сǧ86
1Сǧ59
2Сǧ55
3ǧ43
4ǧ31
5ǧ26
6ǧ5
7ǧ4
8ǧ1
Ϊ¿磬ôǿҲ͸ˣ4ϵʮĽϵǿҲ˺üʮ
ȻʥǶиԼĹһõ˴ԴԵʣǮԼȡɲһſʥҲмʮʥϵĻ˺ܶ࣬ɿȴԽԽ࣬ҪӶʥȻҲԽ࣬Ϊ˱ϻΣԪٶŪλʥ飬ȫϣǵĹӶ󡭡Ĵ룬Ҳٵرȥˡ
Խ࣬еʯ㳡ϾԽ֣˽ҲԽԽġ
ƵĿǵܱܲܿȲðղμӻ׬ģɵҲϸˮÿ˽̶ҵԼ·
ĿˣΪжԼԸ
Ŀ׬ǮԺԼǮд˸ĿˣҲԽԽࡣѾͨ˴͹ܣҲԽԽˡ


360 򷿣Ĵ
Ԫ
ʯ㳡Ѿ״ģ, ǰȻҲвͬķ񣬵ʵҲ̫Եʣ岢ô½롱
ڵĹ㳡, ӵֹ, ֵǹؾصġ
ͱ羫ĵ̼γһСƬ, ûС·ҿ̤ŵʯͷץסϴȥ
ֱ߻ħҩ꣬ұ߾ͳһָʳƷͨӻ, ҩӻ֮ûͨ·ֱȥǰ滹һƬնճԵؾСľݣһǳߵķʦ߹ȥʱȵø, ȻҪ, ȥʦһһƹľݣΪľݵķֲû, øƵģһ, ұ߾ǳЧĹƷмǽ, ֻһȴ߿˸ʲôĵһ޴ʳ˻ͣƷǳӵ̡ϸǰĦ, ʳ˻˵͵ؾ쳤ſ죬ֱӰѿ̽ȥ, ͵಻̫õĿ˵ñιȥ
ܶϲڵ飬Ҳǿڵµ, ͨ·һ󿪵Ķ, ҪȥֱиɴĳѨ̬, ȥ͵ҪôֱӷȥƮڰյģгݴ䣻иɴཨһСɽɽȥ˳ɽƵ߽ɽӵ壻ֱγݵء󡢺ˮģܴ඼ǵȱСİ汾ȴҲⷽܽ롭
ͬĲͬ飬ϲĽвͬϲġֵҲвͬ˵ܱٻΪп˵ǻεģǵҲ̫࣬ôһЩǺģǵȻͺ⡭ҲôһЩ˵粻⣬Լϲ⣬ˡ
ҲΪԽԽСɫʯ㳡ҲԽԽ󣬶һƬѾɵĹȺдԽԽԶˡԵͼ硢ʵ㻹ûؼ¿ˣէʱȥܸˡ
еãҲû֮ġȻԼû׼ڽӽдŵĵطиóԭ޵Ŀרſ˸ƳеĵطʵǲɣҲǿ޴ģ⻹ͦ𱬵ġ

˵еĹȺҲӭ˲ס
ȺʼֻкõģҪΪ۸̫100/죬ֻǵؾסѡ̣ÿƽ10/죬ڲ԰ڷŶƷǿ׬ȡģҲԼѡ۸ԼƣǮǮȻܻӭ
ƿǾһϵеĻٿ˵ҲվȽŸͷܶ෨ҡʱȻȻҪôĵطðһԼķˡһǸеĹϵ׽˷Ժ󣬲ǸӰĵġǻԼķдĿ˲ǣ
Ǻʱģܶ˶롰򡱷⹬ҵʱ򣬹򷿲Ҳˡ
ǣһ׶ڿ˵ķס
򷿲жַʽ
һ֣ÿ2һķãһԹ100ķȨҲǻ200ң׷ӹ100꣬ʱ䵽Ժ󣬿˾Ͳӵ׷
ڶ֣ÿ1һķãһԹ500ķȨҲǻ500ңӵ׷ꡣ
֣һԽ1000ң׷Ӿͳ׹ڿˣޡֻҪлڣô˵ķӾһֱλˣֱԪΪֹиǰᣬⷿǲܴ˵ģǷӵߵݻѣȨ̳СһͻᱻлաпָԸ1000ңôǿָһ׷
˵ˣܶڼλ׬̫ˣҪܵذͷķեô򷿾Ǹ⡣

е򷿼۸һǶˡ
뵽һܹ󣬿û뵽Ȼô
ϸֻ֣ᷢⷿ100500ȣֱӻ1000򷿸㡣ΪѾܵǮĿǣǶԼܻ1000ϵģЩ˲չδԪѾԶ1000ˡ
ǣ׻вٿԥѡ˻1000ҡ
ϣкܴһֶĽϵǿߡ
Ը⻨ǮȥǿڼҲкܴĹϵǵ5˵ͬ׺һڣ編ļȡҲԶԶܸ㶨ġ
֮ٴοô磬ǱߵļҲһĹϵ
еķһҪ1000ô࣬һóеѵӡϸоŻ֣ᷢЩǿõģʹΪеЧ濴Сǹ̶ģһͻ֣ᷢڲռǿԷָģҿռǿչģơȷһ׷׷ѡסһˣҲѡסһˣһӡ
ҲΪԵеķӻ㡣
ȻˣҲûôģҪѷĿռ㵽޴Ҳסǣ󣬿϶ѡʺϵĿռ䡣
򷿵Ŀ˶ˣǳƬĹȺҲȫԭԪƳӣܶ๬Ϊ˶ۡ
ǹȺڵλãҲΪЩ仯Щֹ֡
ֻ洣ŵһȺǸģΧܴһƬΧڣûȺⲻͬ
֮ĹҲеĿ˻Ѿ֮ˣǻʶƿˣҲܴǿп֮ıɽһǡ¿ǶλĪ֮ҲǾηġ

Ԫ粢һΣ˳һڵУͦġ
ϵͳȣ˵ٶģҲнģġԭȻкܶ࣬ǰεľǸҪĲ֣Ԫϵͳ֮ޱҲһҪĲ֣ȻԼû̫뷨˼ȽϴҲһ֡
ܼڵЧܺã֮ķΧҲ岻

ͶһƬϪȦĿյأﴣһ̨
̨ͨʵԪĴɣ粻ٷмӹ̣Ϊڲչⲿķ
֣ǡս̨
ս̨һпǿ̨Ͻд裬һΪÿǽԹˡ
˶ˣ˶ͺѣܻһЩ˷ìܣ֮ǲģŭʵˡָôأôֻеս̨ȥˡ
ս̨ϣɷ
ÿҪԹʱ򣬿ɶԹ˫Լڶս̨˵ԹʽֳʤҪߡֱӷֳ
ǰҲ˵һ伴ɣڿ֮ǰнսжǸֱܱӷֳôǴԷΪֹҲ㹻ķ֣һĿˡ
ңһβޣ̨ξͼΡֻҪ㹻ķңһٴζС


361 Ůİ
ڵĶս̨ϲûп, ȻҲûп˾ۼȥΧۣǱ߾ԵЩյģط, ΢е塣
֮෴, һط֡

йȺҲп˵סլһ
һƬϪƵġСĵطдһС͹۲ûʲôı, ֻڹ黨, һЩֵֹ˳ֳ࣬һɢŵľ
ͬʱ, Ƭݵвٵĸ߰ͬľ׮ʯؼһ, ȤģЩľ׮ʯϴ඼ǿŵģһп, һǿµĸˡȫε顣
ЩڵȺʲô̬û̫ż
û, С͹Ŵˣ߳ͯӴС, գգ۾˵ʱ, ɾʼλ, ĪҪ֡, ɾ
Ƕ׷״Ӧ, õǸ粻ͬ, еķ, û˿ϰȫе˼
Ƿǳ׼ķ롣
ΪʲôҪᷭ뾫׼Ϊ벻׼λСҲûԺĿҲ޷⡣

绹ǵԼһνյпҪͨԼµķｲȡҵʱж΢
΢㲻λ˵ͷڿƷڶԷǸ硣
ǵģλɾеڶͨϵ8Ŀˡ
ʵ
߽ס
Ŀǰʵֻں֮¡
ɾǸ磬һܡݵ硣
Ϊʲôأ
Ϊûϵôһ8ߣȻԺ޺Ϊİɡ

ĺܴ󣬷Ϊ硢硢˽硢ħ硢硢ڤ硣
ÿһĴСһ6ǧ磬ħ֮Ӵ󣬻ﵽ7ĳ̶ȣɼһǸôֲֿˡ
ÿһﶼ顣
ΪַΪۣ֮¾ɡһȺ绮ַǳ࣬ʲôСɾߵɾҲ߽ףһֱϲȥ˽ףһֱ֮¡ܶ綼࣬ô¶
ţƵˣǸ˽۷ģ֮°˽׵Ҳ٣Զְ֮ģת
ͺ˵ˣʲôģǶ˶һ磻˽˵Ϊ硣
ħĶħģﶼǹ˹Ǳ˹ԺĹһƷֵ壬ǰ߼ͽаޡ
ڤǳ磬ôСݡϵΪԺɵ飬ȫȥڤȴͶ̥ʵǲͶ̥ĿͼתΪڤ壬ΪڤĹԱתڤΣգһٸҲδһܳɹġתʧܾͻɢǵ̥أһ𣬾ö֮γµ꣬Ͷ̥б
ͬʱȻǿ󣬿ɾǽܶ࣬ڤĹϵҲҪǵǣҲĶһ˿Ͷ뵽˽У˽縡ضɽ١һһûͶɽٳɹˣõġ
ʷõľŮŮˡ
8ȫС١ʮ̾
˼壬ŮɽٵʱȽϵùʮӻû㶨ǶҪȾˡ
λŮݣ
ԭ̫Ԫ谮ŮɵĽ٣պþ١

µľ߾ͺܼ򵥣Ů߸ϣȻ⣬ԼҪ٣ҲΪ˳ģɽٶѡˣǸϵܲ˴֮仹е㺵ң
ңҲǰ˽׵ǿߣԶԶ磬Ǳ߽жεŮҪǿһЩŮȻʲôһˣݸ߹Ҳ⣬ʵǸϲŮң˺ܶѣңԸɽ٣ҲףζɽپǸ˼Ļᣬ˳ĻŮɽϣͻ顣
Ҳ˰ɣ˽ȻΪ磬ɻкܶͼֳɾ˻ģͬʱΪעѪͳ˽żһЩܵͼİڣЩеıͨǿеӵѪСͨһ㻹ǾԹΪӻūġ
ŮͶ̥ҲһλŮңͶ̥һδޣ÷׶ףҲŵԣӦǱȽ˳ġ
ɾһʱŮڰ·ϱһֽٳ֣Ҳ֪ôľͱһξȻ˽糤ɵġ˼ᡱУ뵽ĻˣٽһߵĲݵʱżȻһİĿԣȻ˼ᷢáꡣ
һӵĹѪ£ʲôŮ̬̫ʩᣬûŮŮҵðʲôŮһЩѹõ°ʲôðݺŮʲôδһϵгԴ¼ʵǶδİδܰŮΪԸ˻ִΪŮԾԲδԹİѾ˴󽫾ŮŮٰ갡˺аŵķӿջûŮ

ŮŮǻع飬ԼһҲ֪ôͳ˴˼ⶫӰģҲû֡ңҲһʱˣⱲӵĹʵͦһѾģңǸϲŮˣŮң͸඼ǱǸϾΪδ򡱺˺ܳһʱ䣬εʬ⡣
ţңԸŮȻǵڶȥɽ١
Ǹ˲ˣѾΪһպȻһֱаڵŮһȥӽŮΪŮһʼ趨Լңи飬ܾ˺ܶİˣ°ŮʼǷǳѪңΪǾ壬ŮҲ
عŮ
ңһΣ
ȻǵŮֱ귢ˣκСҲע⣬һң£Ůһȥ׷Ůû뵽úûãŮ˰аȰ֮ɱˡ
ٴλع顭
Ů
ңλǱ귢йƵɱġ
ٴת
ôһһŮÿһӶᱻΪ˼Եһʼ͸һˣʹһֿģָܻѣԽԽأԼѹͲᰴ趨ȸңиˣֱӸమÿһΪԭҲա
ң㵽ΪȷʵԽԽĽŮŮȷԼٰԭ˵ңˣңҲ⡣
ֱһӣŮ͸ģʮλҲˣ󲻵òʲôʧҩˮĨɽٵľֱң˵Ƕɽٳɹ顭ŮˣҪˡ
Ȼˣ
ڴ죬綼дʾأǸ˵չغܶһεĹ۾ȻֱڻϰŮˣ
Ŷԭһι۶ɽʧܺҲϴȥ䣬Ϊİ֮ȥ˽쳾͸Ůˡ
عһʼ֪ŮˣôҲҲ׼ȥ豦ҵģûϺڴϼˡ
һ飬˿սŮڷʮһЩĽħȥ˼ǶɽٵеλˣŮһЩĽߣĽҲаĽߡĽߵİĽߵİĽߡ
ڤ磬ȥˡ
ڤ磬ҲңİĽߣֻΪڤƴܾȥѣ˽ҲǰңæģǳŮ䡣
ȻǺܶ೤սŮԾذȥԼһΪȥԷлòƽϢԺ󣬻ļ˲һֱճյȴʱŮǱһ͵ܣֳܳΪŮ

񻹼ǵãڵʱԺԴ죬һʱ۷ڣȫ˳Լ׿ʲô
ټһ8磬Ϊ鰮½꣬粨磬ŪòͬȺ˺ܶ඼˶δսԹ
ÿһδսвľȵĹҵˣȻǼĻǻ

λɾҲǱ鰮ġ


362 ȶ
ɾǸһֱɢɾ, ΪľȽƽͶҳܺðɣȻǱȽϼѵ¶һ·˳ˡ
ԭ, ɾҲŮİĽ֮һ
һȥڤԼĺѺȾ, ûÿʮζɽʧܺŮʱŮǽ, Ǹҵӳһһ쳣ֶԱǿҵУǿ
ɾǸ߽ףʵһԲȶ, Լż, ʱ͵ˡұǹɽò, Լ֪, ͱŮ
ӴŮ˼Ľĸ, Ȼһʼ鲻ǿңŮңʱף, ɵŮ, ֳһϵеѪ, ԽԽձս, ˡ
һ, ɾԼɹң, ŮҲûʲô۸, ϾŮڽеھŴζɽ, Ҳû׼ȥڤҺѺȾơ
ſٵʱ, Ȥ, °Ȼؽ, ſƼȻӦˡȻԺͻŮˡ뵽Ժȫ˶˸ӵĴս˷
ˣʱͲȥˡ
ܵǮǰҪҲ
ٺλɾ￪˽ôһ׬Ǯ

ʱòٿһ8Ĵǧ磬ôûۿ൱ӣ֪ôܰ˸˹ѪȻ˵ܹѪÿһֻ࣬ҪģѪⲻ˵ġ
Ҫ⹷Ѫһ߽װ˽׵ĸǿߣ׵˵ֶ¶ˣͺܹ졣
һʱ㲻Ԫȴ֪ʲôܿ͡
ԭʵܼ򵥣Ҫȶء

ȽϺãɵʱѾ8ˣʱkҲ¶ϲԴһʼͷֳ磬綼ǰԼϲͬ飬ڤû飬ȴĻǣΪ˽̡ܿ죬ʹԽԽڤת޼䡣
趨ÿһ綼иԵְҪɣԽõġʵǿģеľԽࡣ˽СҪԼͺˣڤ縺ֻص£ĽҪ֮ĸϢصĹܹתÿһӵһ԰Ĵ󻷾˵ѣһбģģܹάƽġ
Ȼ鶼ϲģȴҲΪϲǵҲ̫̫ˣ˺Ĳ
ʱƣϲʵȻ̵һҲõ壬ȻСģ趨Ըġ
ҲΪС弸ȶΪڤĽĵڶѣЩ塣
ͱ壬ģʱҲһף΢ǿһģճͻϡѪܴǿһҴഫĺӣճʱ򣬾ͿԴﵽסֹճ׵ġ
塢ħҲһԽǶ˵ĺƷ׾͸Ľ׶ƽ׺ȴС
һЩͳΪǿߵģȻľȶҲ׳嶯ܶĥѣֻһܺӺһħܺӴһܣͻ뼸ʮϰ򡢼
ǰ˽ǿ߶սǲ忴ΪԼĳ޶ɱɹ˽类ݻٴĲҺǸʱѹûǿ˽Ŀ꣬ǳҡ
⣬Щǿ߻ΪԼְ񲻾ģתʱʱͳ⣬ƫƫǵʵǿƻҲ
ö֮Ϊǿֲʵľٶ˽Ķѻ
֪ʲôʱѶѻĽɢЩǿߣǱ뵽һʱͶɽ١ɽܹ͹ˣЩǿȹľ̥ǣٱƣƻܹĻǷ˾ˡ
ȻΪѹȻҲǶĿ󣬾ʱĿ飬йءڸ棬˷ħ˶ҡ鰮
ŮǵΡ˼ᡱʵ˼ԭҲ˼ᡣǿ󻯴ݶ󻯼ĴڣֻǺܶʱбĶҪٵģŸô֡ʵϣŮĻԺֱѶȴӼģʽ˵ģʽѡ˵ˣϲסŮ׵ŮҪɹľǿĿ飬ãԼԼ˰æɽ٣ǶԲˣ˼ᡱÿγֶסģҲˡ
ȻŮĽһαһɱסʶҲֲˣйҲȫᱻȾһȾһŴŴȾһȺ
ս̭ľȵĸ飬ľȹ̵ЩҪôֲԵʱѾԶҪôǸոѾĥľæ˳սˡ˵ģľġ
˵ЩΣأδÿһԺ󶼻⣬ǰҲܡ
ֱ󣬾ȥ˴룬һС룬еڳ˽ȳһʱδԼͻơһЩΪһòˣǽһȻľƣҲϵòˣԺûиһĿܣˡ
Ů͹ջľƣϾǷˡңǴ󳹴Ժһֱڱչ֮С

ֻΪƽ⣬ǷҪŪˣŮΪһߵ֮Ů˼Ժܹ𲽿ƣ֮ǿֱӿԽͻƵ˽׵ġκɽ֮ǰнɽʱһһ٣Ϊ˽Ҫɲ֡
֮УΨڤһഫ֪ϵСٲϣÿôܳһʱͻдϴġǲ˵ÿ굽ʱһǷڤ粻ߵĹԱսҪ˽Ľ
ǵģ˽ҲսǴڱԵشҲǽȾһ֣˽սҷΧҲһĿ飬ͨǸĳ
Ľǿôħǲ˵˽ġ

ԪҲˡ
Ҳһ˼˾ͼǿ˾ͻعءkСźס
ҡҡͷû¡
8תģô粨ҲиƷױȽϵ͵ġľȽȵάתļ£ˡ
ֻ
ڵǸֵԾҪһЩ
ҲֻǵһЩ
8ôϹ㣬ԴǼḻģҲ챦
ڿߡ֪սҪһʱŻῪʼ統ʱ͸Ԫȥһˣעڴսлġעʱʧġ֮ԾȡԴȫˡ
ԽԽ࣬ҲǸڼԼ硣
ƷһЩľͲضᣬ߽װ˽׵ƷҲ˲١رǰ˽׵ģʵж˼ֹʡ


363 ״
ɨԺ, ûʲô鷢Ԫʱ뿪
ֱӻص˱
ԪպôеĻѡһʷǳ㣬ȽҰ, ѪŨѾﵽˮ׼⻹һЩԲֲͬ嶼һ׵ףͬʱܰľˮ
Ĳɫܷʢ, ȻȻ뵽׸ӡ
ϺʵҲû£ܻûͻƵ, ҲѾǶ۷ˡ˵һٷ, Ϳֱס
ʵͻƿŲ̫, ʵϣܶ˼ʹмӳ, ӶԺͻ, ׾ͻ
Ȼ, ϺӦǿԸͻƵģֻǵ״, û취һϡǲҪԼעѰչ, ҲҪѺܶʱȥԴ, һЩһпҪһЩġ
硢ԪʱʱظǿСͻƲ, ɸ൱ʵ, һͻƣȻͬƷеٮٮߡ
, Ԫ˳Է, õʳȫ׵, ֻΪԪͨÿϼܵ˲䷢֣ۼֱֿ¡ĿģȻΪֺöˡ
Ȼܸˡ
Ԫ˲ԺֱӸ緢˽ġ
ǱѸٸظз

ûСʱϺһˡ
˷糾ͣϻѪر֣ԽԽϴһĨɱݳʱԣ˿̸ԵöĿ
΢õ㣬üۼҲ¡
һˣЦʵ磬磬·ħˣ
ϵͷӹµףԼһŵһߣ˵ˣǽģ΢໨˵㹤򡣡
ָͷ
ЦЦû¾ͺáħħ֮ĿֱҼǵۼкϤҩʦɣǰæƳǿҩⲿŵЧʸߡ
˵ôġ
Ц˵Ĳ֣ѪޣǲֶɼУͷѰӶϡ

Ļɲ죬ǳռ˲٣ҲһѶȡ
ڻؿĵطΪĳͻһЩѷ죬ðһЩӱף̬죩ʼ𽥹ԽԽ࣬˱һף1-3׸ߣΣħ֡
ʱƣħҲΪ̬ڴǰħ飨ף1-3׸ߣΣҲˡĿǰֵڽħڲ̫ǿģǵɱɾ޴ֻжǿ߲ܸǽսնɱ
ϣΪеõſĿˣܲμɻõ˴ԴΪⲿŵķӦʱԼ硢ǸĴؼߡʵٶȺܿ졣
ĹҵȻҲ˻ߵĿǱΪǵĳ֣ҲͬڻǿߣǡǣʵֻǵԴ绪еģչЩҲʼԴˣǿǵݺ⣬ҲһЩѡ˶ֵĽ׷ʽԿˡ
ϵĻǷǳ٣츳⣬׵Ķǻǰйģ߸ǺǰǿߡеĶǿ߾͸ˡ
ǣﵽҲеģ˵ȴ̫ˡ
ڶǿߵǿӦĽħ飬һħҲ硭ǲǿߵ⣬ǻдħӵ룬ҲʼںϣϵĵòᶸȻ츲صı仯

ӵеѰУǿߣҲȷʵһӶţΪܶ飬ÿﶼкܶྭɳȥɱĥµ߻ߡӶҲǱţʵֻǸȽϷĳƺڲಿţרоҩģרоģרоħġĿǰֵħ龭ϸľоѾҳʬķرǱħ鿪ʼ϶м׿ǡһĶϺõƼл߱Ĳϡ⣬ӱħ鿪ʼŻӵеħ֮ģҲǿҩĺö
ħѪ޵ޡٲպǿûпǵϵĶǾеĺ½԰йĵͽޣеей͵ǡǸ㹻ĸ󣬻ĬڳȥսʱҲǶͬͨĻ顪оħѪ޺޳ԺҲܼʡ
ֻ
˶ԣħѪôٶ࣬Ҳǲᵱʳġħ֮ƵǿҩҲϣϡ
ҲвЩϾܶǧǧӵǵҲʳһĿǰȴ㿪ӡرǻĬһҪء˴˶ε飬ƶ̫ߣһǵɿȡõʳĵµ߻ή͡ħǻ嵱ʳģҪԼȺԷиԵ֣ܸЧŽԷƵԻܽԷΪһĵˣҲڶʱɻ

ĿǰⲿΪгԴħ鿪˸߶Ľһ൱ߺȥѰħټɱϽⲿšΪˣⲿų̽Ҳо޴ãѰҵħĴټ
ͬʱϵǿҲо򣬻ֻųȥǾסĸѲ飬ÿζһѲ飬ôһܱ֤ħԻģܵɱħ飬Ҳ޶ȵرסԼ
ϺͬȥģҲвͻƵ׵ǿߡǲƴԴкܴĹϵͬҲᾭȥ
쾣ӾѾѲһˣڻؼҵ·ϣȴɺϵٴͷһģǵȻȽħˡ
ǣôˡ

ͬѾܶΣһҼˣ˼Ҷġڵʵġܵȫڿ̿Ҳѧ䣬ᶨڴӹеĴﹺǿ̲Ʒǿ塢ṦΪĲǱģڱ仯ԼѾȫܵġĹħ飩ǡ
ħĴڸסһʼĹﵽħ飬ײſǱĬһ˵
ǱĬúܳɹټϺܶߵ´ʹֳһЩСķңڹһǿٿ£ջûȿֻš

̵˵˼仰Ϻȥһǵıϴ裬׼֮ǰħսʱմȾѪϴɾˡ
ǲüԼڳſڣԪɵ
Ź˰Сʱǹˡ
պԪ˲ˣڷϣһ߰ڻһЦ磬пڸˣԪ㵽һ㣬кô
Ҳûȥꡣ
ֱҲʲôȴסһվԱߡܹûˣľҪôһ𼷵ȥˣ
ܿ죬롣
Ҹʢ÷Ͼӡ
ȸһ


364 Ѱı仯
һٷǸպõʱ, ڸճ󲻾ãһҼȥɢɢ, ͷϺֵϣϢӿ
֮ǰһζ뷨һҪͻˣ
˵磬Уȥͻơ
Ҳûϻһ, ֱٻ֮ţ֮ڡ
ǰ˵ЩԴҪɷ, Сȥһ˹˾, Դŵľƻҷ
ϱ˸ok
Ȼͷ
ȾϺ뿪, ˸, Ԫͷȥ߰, һɢһȥѰǱߡ
Ԫͷ, §վߣ
Ԫϵ, ΪԪʮָۣߡ
Ȼ˹غñ߳ȥ

⼸ֵ֣˵ĸоҲˡ
¥á̵ɻٽ, ֱϽ޲޲, Ϸױײĵط, һĲϿ, ǽʵʵر
ܶ¥ı涼Ϳ, ЩͿէûʲôģһЩص·׺߾ͻ֣ᷢЩ·еƣеǷģкܶĵȣһЩǶڽ䴦ġװƷҲ̺죬Լ˵ġ۸ԽߵƷΧԽеڱʱγɵֿԱסΧϵˡ
ֻıȫϾƷĸ¥࣬ҲǷΪԹﲢûɱֻΧվֻһʱ䣬ȴŸʵǿ߹
ȻҲÿֻװֶΣͬҲйֶεģҪΪٿأԶ˺ϵ顣
ͬʱ·ϵ˵ĴҲˣܶ඼ǡװȴû˶¶мɫʹҲ˳ȥȴĽˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ЩװܱǵģеĸɴܱʹóԿġˣҪôǺǮģҪôǺйϵģҪôʵǿġ

ѰڵλûǺܿĵģƤܹ󣬶ŷչţּǵĿǰаֵĲҵѰš
طѰܲѰϰԱ
ѰķֶҲԭǮļŶ޷ģֱڶཨħϲϺƳɵġ¡һħ콵Щ¡ͻᷢΧԱע⡣
⣬һἤѰ¥ÿһǽשǶƣһ󣬰Ѱ¥ڵֶסļ֣Ҳкܴ󲿷ֶڴİΧڡ⣬Ѱռݵǰֲҵڶཨͬвͬ󷨡ģвǿõģǸûϵҲûͻģкܶಿָɴ͸һ׵ģֱ˲ķʹһƬܵİȫ
ĿǰѰĲҵԭЩ⣬˿ԹԴһЩƷױȽϵ͵ĹؼһЩڻõĵͽԴΪ۸в㣬Ҳ˵ģһЩԼ۱Ⱥܸ߶Ҽ۸Ƚϱʺ˵ġһЩӶԼҵԴȡ
ķʽҲù̶ĻѰͬṩЩ΢ɡⲿ¿ġ˲ɹԴ⣬ṩԴҪѰṩȫ
˵Ѱڵ۶ֻǺܸԣĸϷĴŵĻôھ൱۶˳ⲿⶼĵطֻҪȥϰ࣬ҲǷæһЩǱܶطȫ̫ˣҲкܶԴϵıϡ

Ԫһ·߹
ڡɢѰǾסıҲһξ룬߹ȥʱҲֻڼӶѡ
Ѱ¥·΢΢̧ۣѾܵŨ
Ǿĸ棬ҲǴŪĿ˰æĽģԻϵ⸽ŨȻҪ¥еĵáӶŵĺܶԱġ
Ѱ¥ĴҲı䣬ʹҲǽŵģǴˣҪġ֤ſڵİлһ£ܽŴһһ˽ķ϶ͬʱڷ϶ϷǶʽļһâѸٽȥ˽ɨ裬ȷԭ˲ûЯκβڼ¼ϵΣƷ˳롣
ǰһ˽ȥԺ󣬷϶ϣͼŽȥڽӽ˲䱻߱ĵУԵء
Ԫߵǰ
ǰ˸սȥǡڹرա
ûŴʹǵûʲôõģҲûʲô
ŹغԺӶͳһſƬԱǵĹ֤ȫһĶѰţҲֻһĿڲĿƬ
ֻ
ŵĴŴ򿪣ͣкüӣԪȥԺ󣬴ŲŹرգҲûκķӦ
󣬴һ¥Ҳǰ˺ܴĲͬ
ǰԱȽɵģȴϸɱĸоƺһӻйֻҪڴĹԱѸṦӻͻᱻ˶Ժ󣬻Թرձӻţһ
ұǰ̨мϴϢĸ︺ǲθɾ࣬Ҳһʵս飬Եβֱڹ
ڿԪ󣬼ǰ̨ﶼЦݣϴ𾴵кʡԪʡ
ԣʡʲôľѰҵְ񣬵ǲֻ࣬żһѡΪҲżָһӶŵĳԱԵڣѰŵԱ֪ǻʵб£ΪϵܵܵѵݲѰҸ
ҲΪѰԱǶĺ𾴣̬Ҳһֱ档
糯ǰ̨ҲЦŵͷȻԪߵԱߵǰ
վɻֱ϶㡣

ݴ򿪺ӭŵĹ
ҲҪкӻǱţֱӵһԵ칫
﹤ľǰ˸ȫ羣ϵĸǶ綼ǺĺŷģҶ֮һ˽⣬æµʱ򣬶ܶһǣɵת
ÿһֵĶĸˣĸݸԵʣǼ㹻õĹؼǵʵ˸˶ߣѾߡ
ĸ˶æͷҲ̧߼ʹæҲֳһ˿⣬ѸٵؾͲϢĵ
֮ˢˢ̧ͷ
Ц˵ˣͦġ
һԪնʱһɣҲЦˡ
ûдǵ˼ֱ˵Լ⣺æɣҳȥһˡҸ綼ҪͻˣԸһ¡
⻰ȥæµȴ˫۾ؿеʣ
ʣ˼ǾܺҪͻƵˣ
ҪͻˣͻҪʲôԴ̾ȥ
ͻΣ𣬻費Ҫʲô
ͻƵĵطȫ
ֹ̧סǵľϲ͵ǣڰ˵ˣǾͷİɣҸһܰȫĵطͻƣҪʱδԿ˳ɡ


365 ׸緢
ôϲǲ, ˶֪ʵߵľס֮ǰΪ˱ڿֻţר˳ԼӢ۵ġǿ߱ƳΪһ־ħսնɱ, ǿڵġ
֪ͨ, οһֱھǣ
֮ǰѰŷչٺ, Ҳǻᵣûжǿ, Լŵķչơڲͬˣŵ߲һӳλǿߣǿļƵģǶԼŸĲ˵, Ժ˵ʱ, Ҳ˸ơͿǿˡ
翪ںЩ׻ǿ, Ѹ侲
øʲôʲô, վ, ǰ˵õ, ʣ͸λһߡ

з£и硢ԪϤġոϵʱ򣬷¾ѾվϵİŹӭӹ, Ҳٲ˼ĻᣬﾣϽ͹ǡ˵硢ԪҪžԴ䣬Ҳûκ, ˳ӵذǴһҲĲֿ
Ĳֿڶһ, Ҳһ
Ǿͨ˽ŪԴ, ϶Ƿڶ¥ֿġ
¥ֿ, ҲǶ֪ġھϺֵ˽⡣

˽м󷨷ʹҪȥжӦԿͨ󷨵ŷС
ΪҪȥԴԵʣ֮ǰ֪ԿŷҲõˡ
˽ſڣٲ˼£ְŷϵİۣǵһűˡţŷתһǶٴһϣһŴ򿪡εʱ߳Ĳŷһڿлε֮
һͨں󣬲һŴ򿪡
߽ȥ
Ԫʼնظĺ档
ڼ˽ȥɲǣţȫϡ
ͬһʱ̣õƻͨĶ˺ֵչʾ˵ǰ
˽ܴӦĻҴͨƴģкܶ͸ߴġͬʵܡͬһŵͬĶϵĲͬгŲͬƷ
һɨȥѻŵǴĿģȫǿģкܶƵġʽļкͱУӦǴ½Ǳ߶ƣܺô͵ϣԼ۱Ⱥܸߡ⻹кܶͬҩģһһ䣬Ӵ󣬿ȡá
ЩԴƷߵҲһ׶ˮ׼ûж׵ġҲΪ׵ĵѾˣѼеġ
ϵĺöͶˣͶǶ׵ģͬҲʽģǽ˾Ĵ졣׵ԴҲܶ࣬ܶӵвͬЧֲĵرȣȻƷ׵Ҳеġ
иƷ׵ģĽ׵Ĵʮ׵Ҳ
⼸Ʒ׳Ŀǰ߼Իޣ⣬ҲǶĽ׼ϡ

²ûа߷ЩƷ׵ıϣ硢Ԫߵߡ
ڷźܶʵġӵӣм򵥵ۿס
һӣ磬˵ҪӶߺߵġʡݵɫģȻһɫģɫߵģɫߵġ
ɫӵֳۣӣСͬÿСŵĶҲͬĴָСƿӣŵۣӦǴ϶ģһʯƷƷԸṩһҩӦЧģһ⣬ŨӦǼԼģһɫСӣд100֣ӦǿڲһԴġ
ͬʱ´˺ɫӸչʾ
ںɫͬӣ͸ɫӲࡣװŵƷֱǣһСۣһžˣƷʲߣǿԹģһҩܵģһ鼯ų⣻һ100ֵĺɫСӡ
˵һ
˵ÿ¶ǽ췢
µͷǽ졣
ʣÿԱһ
ҡͷˣ˵ǡ˽ǮϵĹ⣬ͨԱǵְλֱԵõ10-50ȵĻֹʡǴﵽ׵Ա80ֻ֣³ȥɹԱ100֡⼸Դﵽһ׵ԱŻС
ü׵أ
ЦŻش𣺡ҲһĶƷ׶ҪһЩֻÿ500ǿܳȥʱȽϳԼʱԼ칤ʵģʱͳһš
ͷһɨе䣬󣬳Ԫȥ
Ԫݹһֻ
ֻһӲӵĿʯһҲûô嶯ʹʯϻܶŴĴָСԲĽӣԪסǣŷɵԪǰš
¿ĿɿڴΪϳˣǽӲӵĿʯһָҲϺõģһԺǿȺ͹ģϺټȻ˵ⲿǱ׼һЩһļ۸ȴˣҲҵһ·ӡ
ĶܿͰɫʯһģһĽӣȻᳯЩһסڷ¸𾪵ĿУнӶ˿ϷһǶӵϣġ
Ȼ󣬷¼λС̫ӡ¶ɵЦݣȻҲԵ֣ҸԪһ𷢵㽱ɡ
¿ЩӣЩզࡣ
ЩĳɫǶƷġ
ϰĵܵҪ㸣ȻҲԼͬƾܣǱ֤ʷģһһ㲻صÿϡ
ԷµȻûʲôɲĵģٸӶ˽ԺʣµĽӻһѣüָһ
ʣµĽ鶼˷µǰЦ˵û߸һţʣŶɡºͣҸ¶࣬ƽʱҲˡ
û뵽ԼУеů⡣ǷҪ̰ͼ⼸Ų˸ӣµĴ˶һ˭Ըϰ϶෢أϾܶǾͺܺˣ󷽣ǰλҲǲ飬ȻӸˡ
ȻذѽǶժպãһЦлʣˡ
ڰ֣ʾý⡣
ʣٹСʱҪȥңӶŵ˻ǱߵĻҵȹʣʡԪʣһȥ𣿡
Ȼ˵һȥɡҸҲ͵
Ҳ˳㿴һʱȥЩ˵ʵôˡ

ԪһӰƵģһֱ
ǰ棬һ·롢֤ݡרҵƽʱҲôԣĻҲ塪ͱʱʱػѰ˼һҵʱ򣬿û뵽һǳһԶھһ׵ܵԺ벻׵ܻܵѱ߲ݣԼͬѧ
Ѱ˼󣬷Ҳûʲô⼸㿴ˣһ˼һһúã˼ҶǮ˼ҹϵأûֹƢҲҸˡһĶáĶҸϰӵĸ

ûãһ˵ҡ


366 Ա
Һܴ, ΪÿӶԱͬʩչʱҲŷԲд, ΪܶС, ÿҶ䱸гǱǵĸϣԼУ磩ĸ, /߻Աߵ˺
߽Զŵʱ, ӭͿкüڻս, ׵ľˮԼԷ, ŻСӣһͨҡ˴˲ǶҲǶ, ֱڶ
ԱΧ۵Ҳ٣ǲǸվſ, ðڷǽǰĽߴ, ԱĨҩ, ÿһĨȥǵƤƺ, Ҳһ˿˿ŤɣЩҩдõģǿͬʱ, ҲǴǿҵʹࡪҲǱǿĴۡ
ЩС򶼷ţԱڱչ, ԼĦһЩµʽ

һ߽ʱ, û˵ע⡣
Ĵ˿, Ҳû̿, ǺϾҲԹһս, ǳֶĬҶд跽ʽʽʽĬ⡣
ⶼԼˣԺ˵ҪȥģʵȻԽǿԽãӦҲԽǿԽá
һԺ󣬷²ع˹ơ
һƵ󣬵ȽͻأͺܿסԱǣǷ׷׶¿ҲԪ
ԱʶˣڼԺ󣬶Է£ոΪŹ˵ЩԱҲվá
˵
ǲǵĹˣ
ʹʣۼûˣָŹأ
˰ɣҸմڲһͲµĻˣ
ϽģǶȼ˹
Ҳţ
Сϰ˰ϡϡͣѵһ
СϰҲˣӭӭ
Сϰ壬ûʱָһ£Ƕأ
Сϰûָһ°þûʶˣŹ飡
硢ԪԱļ治࣬ÿεָҲȫѹһЩرҲû̫ƮϾϰһĿһһʵҲһһ죬ĻƮ
ЩԱ֪ʱڣѰĺܶԴʵǾܵܵǸصŪġܶ˶ɣ˾պһĶǿߣ϶û˵ѰǿߣԼоܵܵԪʵѾǿˡҲΪѰչͺ˳ûгֹʲôǿ߰۶ӣûڷչ;ܵκв
һлᣬǻǺٿλı£ܴõָ͸ˡ

һֺĹȥ󣬷²Ц˵ǹʵģȹʷԺǻʲôԼȡ
ü
Ԫޱ飬һֱվҲ࣬ͷͷ
ԱǼˣҲڣǸԸܱҵǷϢǻŵĸϽ칤ˡ칤ʵӣһ£ԱǾչҲǻᱣʱѵ״̬ġ
ܿ죬ҵŶ򿪣½߳һЩԱ
Ҷһ𣬵ùʡ
µһûټ˳硣
ת
ܿ죬ڼ˺Ŀյϣͳ˴ѵ䡣
þ߶˵ҲǳĶⲿҲáѰڲҲգһЩͨĲͬĴþ߿Զһġ˸Ѿ˳һ¾һǹһĴﻷģΪĳЩʱʷ㣬Ҳǹ¹˼֮ǰ˵һôЩԴͻǷùôﻷҪһô𡰹ʡˡ
ԼĴþߡһСĴ׹óᣬʼʡ
һ׵ԱԷվãһһ׵ĶһҲڽ죬Էÿһסǰط
ǺܿģûþһͬɫӣԱѸٷϱһŽӣһƷ࣬еԾ
Ͼˣ
ǡ
ô˶
ǡ
̧֣ԱǾͷ׷װ
Ц˵ЩǽʡСϰѵùⷢġ
ЦЦһĨ
ǰƮܶСƿӣһƷĻۣƿﵽƷĻ¶
ԪָһЩһ׻Сƿӷ׷׵Ա׻¶ǡûȥԱ
Ц˵Ҷзݡ
ȻҪ𣨸ȻǶҪ©˾ͲˣƷҲǳԱǰһƷ׵ġ
ԱǶ˽𣬾ûв˵ģ⡰Ȼر֣ȴǲʲôԶõģǳˡ
һˣƨ𣬼ֱǲҪǮƵ
úЦȴҵ˷ܾˣڣ˵ˣˡǸղŲ˵Ҫ𣬻
Ա飬ͬ˵

ԱõǽڵıԵλڶսļˡ
ǵģˡ
һò㵫ôе˧˧ˣϺЦڼ֮ߡҲûʹʲôرֶΣͨͨƷҲôô߼䣬Χ˾ȻһƬ½Ƕմõǹýȫ˵ֺʽÿӽʱǻᱻ˵ƷˢͻһĨ֣ȫ
ǣ˶ôˣڲʱʱһߵļ򣬸ǴһȵʹС
żʮغԺߵĵ࣬ȴʼˡ
գҲֻ㬵ͣ֡
Ȼ磬һ۷ʵ
һսսԺǲŻȻոڶսʱǵÿһÿһʽʵСϰǣĵʱ򣬾Ȼ΢Сȴʱ򡭡
عԺôܲóϷ
Ƿ׷׵лȻϽԼܵһߴĦȥˡ
ţһ۷壬Ҳ̡
Ҳܾôǽ֣Ҳ֮ǰһࡣ
ԪվһԿţ罻սüԺ󣬰ԱǵҲϳˡ
ҪǸ߶ս磬ĶǼֱͬʱ·߷ǳ׼Ҳǲ˷һ˿ġ
ǸԪֵߣĸоǡÿһʹǰᱻԪϡҲ֪ԪôԤģ֮ûκһͷܣôǰ׼ôڻû취ͷš
ÿα϶ᱻһ£ԽԽƵѪڵҲΪ޷ͨٻ
棬ǵȻûôģڵȴңղòѸٺ䣬һս
ʹԪֵߴһһٵһ˸ȴҲûκһԴܡħ䡣
ͺס
ҲΪԪԱǵһָ㡱ǸԼ㡣
߱ǿֲҲԼҪκ¶˳ԼܣǿҲûá
ҲΪ⡰ָ㡱кܶԱסٴβ²⡭
λʵʵﵽʲôز


367 ·ħ
²², ȴҲû˸ʳ
ڶԱСϰСϰѶӦ׵ǿˡ
ɡ

ָս֮ԱóϷ֮, ҲԼҪŬķ򡣵Ǹղд򵽵Ҳ㹻, ǺܿеӴðͷˡ
ԪȻһˣҲܾ, ʲôʲô, ʱ˵һʱ޷˵ģʾԱǸ⡣
£Աһѧһ߸Ӿá̫ˡ
ôһ̵һѧϰعкüСʱԱҲҪʵ, ̡ͣҲͦź, ϾСϰʱĲ, , Ͳ֪ʲôʱˡ

Ѿǲʱ֡
ѰͨԱǸǰһ׼°, ЩѾӶŵԱʱͺܵԡ
糯ЦЦ͵, ҸԪȻȥˡԺлپۡ
ԱˣȻͦ᲻ãҲ¶Ц
лСϰ壡лСϰѣ
ʲôƺлСϰСϰǿӣ
ԶԶԣлСϰСϰĶ󣡡
Ƕ, ǱҪллСϰСϰװġ
һͨĺЦӴȤ
̿Ԫ˿ûʲô, ҲһĨá
Ҷõ, ôֲᷢˣﶼʱһЦҲͿ, λԪʶǵСϰǰ˹, ֻҪ˵һõģԪʾͲġ
ǣҴȤøˣҲ൱á
ֹ˼ӺԪЩԱ
ɷǰ⣬һ뿪˵ҡ

ֱӻȥ¥ֵ࣬Ԫûٸһ¥ǻȥǵı
·ϣ˵ĽŲƮƮġ
Ҳɺϣ͸Ϻֻؼʱħһ˾һ㳡ʱ򣬾Ͳ㳡һֵ߿ٿȻһ΢ɲѷ죬ȴͷħӲ漷˳ʸѷĸЦžҪȺн䡪
ʱͷħĳֲû·Ⱥע⡣
ܿ죬ֵϰװͷ˴̶ľ
˺ܶˣǿҲͬʱΣգ׷̧ͷѰħټ
ͷħ飡
ǿӦһ˲ǿǺë֪ǿҵΣգ
Ѿǿźţ׼ǿԮˡ
ҲʱٿȻ䣬֪ʲôطɫ⡪ԭ֧ʸһ뷢ˡಡƿ졣
ʸٶȷǳ죬쵽ʹǿҲֻܿɫĺۼƾճֱ֣ͷħ飡
ҲǼʸֵɲǣѾͷħ顣
ͷħЦϣʸȴѾʵʵش͸ǵ塣
ӦѾǳ׹ס
һ򡪡
ͷħ·ĭƵģôʧˡ
ħֵ֧ʸƿչᴩٵħ鱻Ϊޡ
̣һҲû롣
̫ˡ
쵽ܶ˶ûзӦ
ûע⵽ʲô˶֮죬Ĩв赭д

Զһֵջ֣ɫĳı仯Ϊʧ
ȻЦЦԪĻ￿ȥ
Ԫô§ͨС£ؼķߡ
˵ĶԻɡ
ԪҲ֪Ҹͻôˣ
ǻͻ״̬ӦѾ80%ϡ
տˣ
տˡ
㷽㣬㿴ҲӰ쵽ǡ
ϵͳҸ㡣
Ҳԣ㿴˸ҿ˶һ

ص˾ûٳš
žϺбչصʱ䣬Ԫֱڱͷˮ粥šӡʱ̨ûʲô˼¶ʱҲȥһ
Ź죬Ԫ⻬࣬·ù
ǻᡰߡһתͷЦҸǱߣ
ԪͷϸѾͻƣּ
綮ˣſֱۣԪɷչˡԪԺ㿴ˣԪϲʲôҲɡҲʲôڿˣԪźź£ʡ鷳ˡ
ܿԪ׵һ
ѵӴ򿪣Ԫȥһˮ
˴˲СʱϺһˡ
ûͻƳɹһȵҲɹͻƣŸһ
ָָճˮ̣ͺ°Ƶģк˵ԵһЦͻˣҺŻͦ˳ġ
ЦЦ˳
Ҳͷ
ʵҲ׼֣ܳҲʵ˵ӶͻƵײʲôѹȥıϣȻ˳ˡ
˵ԪʱҲע鷳Ȼ֪硣
һĿڼ˵˼仰Ϻɳһߡ
ԪȡƵĺз
ƵĺзʵҲеƷ
ԴеĿ˶ˣҪȥ߻̽˶ˣȻҪ׼һЩʳģΪ͵ȡģҪȽни죬ȷʵе鷳
ǺзƷ˳ƶƷױȽϵ͵Ŀ˻ñȽӵĿˣͻѡԼռĲɻشĺзղͬƷ׵Ҫ䱸ÿһзʳĻδܸͬһЩʸС翪äеĴ̼֮ġ
зͺܺãҪȥ/Ŀ˻һЩԼڼġչġкܶҪҲ
ԪȻ֪ʲôʱʱڷ㣬ֱӸЩ̫δ֪ˡɴҵʺϸͻƵġߵĺзʱ˳ԡ
ϺֹȻûʲôɣзҲûӹ
зʳĶܷǵԣںзбעģһͻƺҲȷҪ䣬θҲҪο
ڼԷҲòôעǵģ̻ʣûӣһеĺзȫǳ˸ɾ
ʱԪˮǡ
һֳ˵ˮ
ָһ
Ҳ˵ȥѰʵ¡
һ߳һһЦЩһӦر㾭ȥˡҪƽȥ棬Ҹɵô
ҲЦǻǲˣôҲŲ磬߶ͰɡҾԪһ㡣
ЦӪ¶ȫˣȥѰǲ̫˰ɣ
Ҳôһ˵Լͺæѵѹܣ˷ܵʱ䡣
˵˸磬ͻˣǲȥⲿűһ£˳ҺԪҲѰ£ĸס˵⣬գգۣʵѾ۷ˣʱͻƵĽסԪһǰͻƵĽסⲿǱߣ˵۷ɡ
Լ׳ɵľͻƵ׺ǱҪȥⲿűģźüеĶӦԺħ顣
֮ǰԪӦȥģϾѰһǾϣǾͻһ𱨱׵ҲѰġ
Ҳ뷨ȻԼǾνɵܵܵĺȻš
ֻܵܺ͵ܵǿ츳ôãҲԽãҪȥŵܵʲôҪĻ
ϳȵ˵ʱҪʲôֱӿڣѰ˶࣬ԴҲ졣
һ֣ʹ˵ҿ϶
ϵҲЦ⡣

˵ǱҲûôżһĿڸڷϢڶϵʱ򣬲һⲿŵܲȥ
ܸⰮֱϵģⱨȻҲֱӸ˵
ⰮǱæɾſзչˣԾϵȻҲҪ˲ͬ
ֵһǣΪʱ֮ĵſŮȣѾɵˡ޹ȻҲԺܴرǺܶطȥڴյһǮԺѾµŮһ𸴻ˡ
ңⰮп˵ݺ󣬽˹ҵ


368 ռѷ
ǰô, һȺþһ𣬱˳Ժſܷңŵء, ҲһȺ꣬ȫԼĻ, ٶ̫ˡ
Ⱞ, ˴ʶԺ, Ⱞ֦ҲڻȥԺ, ͬ˼ⲿš
ȸǲһġ
ϱѰôĲҵеܵΪ, ҪȵĻ, һ, Ȼ׵ġ
ⰮǱ߶ԣѾȷϾǲĺܰѰһſչ鲿ڣҲǸĵ¡
ܱ֤֪ſˣЭڲܹŽ

ⲿܲ, Ⱞøչӣһϵ֤, һֱⰮİ칫
ֱʱ, Ⱞͷ绰ͣڲϵظ˽, Ҳڲϵļ, һЩϵʾȵȡ
ҪⰮĹѾǻܵ, ɱϾ漰һܴ̯ӣɷǳࡪҲⰮҲˣǰǿ̫ࡢҲ̫ܹ࣬˳ذѹٶɡ
һĿڣⰮ㶡
ΪǾһ˻ߴһû뵽һĸ
ⰮҲ֪һĿȫеĿˣֻǄͬĵģһⲿʱСĶô־ǡ
Ⱞûֻ֣Цվ֣к
˵ⲿǹҪǰչ涨Ǽʵġ
Ⱞףܵ˼ǣͻƵˣܿЩ죬ֻͻƣһĿڶλ
ϵͷ϶Ĳ²⣺ĸͻƵˡĿǰҺֶǳףСԪ۷塣
⻰һͺףԪףڲһ˵ѡ
ⰮҲܶǵ뷨ʱ΢΢һ£һ
ĻϲáһĿڶˣǻˣȻͬˡǳΪǿߣ˵ڶԸħʱĸ֣
Ⱞ˵֪ˣھ͸ǵǼǡ
һ˵һ߾ͰѼ˵¼뵽ܵĵҰǵΪܣܼﵽߡʵϣÿһλǿ߶ǻġ
Ⱞ˵ͻƵ׵ǿߣȷħ֮սһһԴ֧֡ЦЦȻǶеĿˣǹҸøǵҲҪ¡
ûоܾͷʾܡ
ܵ˼ȻԸΪǶŬ
ⷽҲֵ֧ģȫñǲսԪ¶һʵǿԵġ

ⰮѸټ¼һĿڵʵԺ󣬾ָⰮ̸˼ʺҲҪһԴ
Ҳ
ڿǰʱԽԽ࣬ɼԴԽԽ࣬г岻㡢Ҳôҵʱ򣬱˴ͬΪһĿˣҪչвͬƷֵĴԴôཻ󻯵ġ
ϺⰮͷ˶࣬ҲͬΪˣһʲôԴԼòģͨһʱ֪ͨԷ
¶˫죬ͱڣ˫Ѹٵ˻۸Ҳö̸ǶиļۣԷͬܶˡ
ͬܿǩɡ
Ʒ⣬һЩ˫оƷҲҪн
ͱ羣ó޶ȱĸ⡢оħСһЩ䷽ҩȣⲿǱооĺöǱȾ߸ģⰮⷽûпžϣֻҪóԽģоš
ĿģȻҲΪܸõ֡
˫ٴǩͬ
󣬾ҲûмŴⰮ˼ֱӸ
ⰮҲٿֱӰ˰ߡ

¥һֱûô˵ҲԪһظھϺֵĺ档
һĿڸյ¥£׼ȥʱͻȻ䣬ϵĽŲ˶١
Ȼٻſ
΢΢һ
óſԪڿûзʲô֪ͨôп
ȻѸٳſɨһۺ󣬳˵ⲿǷȥ
磺
鲻̫ÿһԤ֮¡
Ҳٶʡ
Ԫ磬֪ʲôġ
ҡҡͷȻȥⰮô˵ɡ

һĿתͷܲ
ⰮѾԺǿѣĸֱӵҵġ
ⲿЧʺܸߣֻߵ¥£Ⱞǣ緽ʽϵ˲ŵĲֳԱЩҲǿģ缸˸شﵽ˻
һۿȥһжΣһ۷壬һס
ʵ׵ģӦöλⲿŶ˵ǿߡ
ĸԺⰮ΢ɣǵͷû̽͡
ܿ½ʮˣʵ͵ĶڶжΣ׵Ļǲ֮࣬ǰǸҲѡ
ôһһӻ㡣
ⰮȻҲû£ֱӷųһŻõƬ
õƬӰ䶯ŵĺɫѷ죬ѷȻǳСȴ³Ϣÿռ䶼΢΢Ť
ͬʱѷ컹ⲻϢ¶ţӰܰûʲôûãһЩϸ΢ѷд
ӰĺܹŹ֡
˸оʮֲ
ⰮȻ˵λǲһλ֪ǳ̽ʱֵĿռѷ죬³ȼϡɻɣһħ飬пܾǴ֡

׵ħʵǳͻأͺǺȻ˸߿յģûʲôѷ֮
ⰮҲͷԣѯʹУȻˡ
û̫òϵı仯ʵѾʼںˡֻΪľ޴ͻڷУ᱾ܵ赲ʵߵ쳣Լ硣
ħĵŻǴӵͽ׵߽ס
ڽ״̬ħҪǣô޷ֱӴ͸ϵģ޷赲ʱ˺ռѷ죬ǿн롣

ⰮĻûκ顣
˽ѾڸԪԻ
[Ԫô£]
[šⲿŵķӦܿ죬³ֵǵһռѷ졣]
[ħǴںҪʼˣ]
[ռѷħȽǽвָ졣ԽħٶȾԽ졣ʱǵĵòҲᷢ޴仯]
[ʱƶ]
[һͷħֽһСʱңħϢصٶȲ죬Ҫһ£ܽռѷ΢졣]
˼
һҪһԼͻ޴ǻҼѵģ뵱̫Ǽںٶȡħǵĥ൱ˡ
ֻǾҲվǽڵˡ
صǣڳֿռѷʱѾ˵һ£ĿǰУħռϷġ


369 ѷ츽
Ⱞ˵ԼƲ⣺ħĳֻҹ޴, Ϊ˱·ⲿҪֿƾ档Ŀǰŵ뷨ǣۼλǿǰѷڵĵط, ְأһħ, Ⱥ֮Ҫǵ˵ҪҲԽʱݸλĶ佱, һøλ׳ġڼ, λıܵ˻߸ܵ˺ɹҳλֲʧ
ܼⲿŵǿ߾ٶйҵģҲԼǹ, Ȼʵ, ͸жΡ֪ǵĹ, Ըǽ֮, ǵȻ͸ܹ
ǿǾͷ׷ױʾ
ⲿ, Ƕ֪
ͷǰֺʵͳһ, ֳֵأһħųȥġ
һȫ
Զԣһ
Ⱞڳǿǵı֤, ΢ɣȻתƵһĿڵϡ
ϳͷ
ⰮףǾҲͬʾѰһ˼ﻹǺģܶ˶г, Ҳȷʵôһ, ԸΪΪ, ֪Ĺĺܶ಻ϵǿҪ̫ˡ
ҲΪġ
ⰮѸܶ뷨ջǻΪһ仰ô²˳٣λǰռѷڵĵطɡ
ڳ˶û顣

ռѷڵĵطڻڲģ۶С
Ϊץʱ䣬Ⱞֱӵ˸ٵսڳǿͨĺǰСɻҲ󷨣һ߷ɻٶȣҲ˷ɻǿȡ
Ź˰СʱɻִѷڵĳС
Ȼ΢ٶȣѸ˳һĴϡѷֵĸ߿գһû˷ѷ죬ħѷԺ󣬿ֶᱻɱѪɺӣ
ڶǿ߷صԺҲһ
ҲˣǺա

ĿǰѾˣԭסľ￪ӵˣûԱĶҪʱߡһʵĻ߷ݵķ㹻ǿģǿµġֻǱʱСģһΣշͶܵķȥǽĵ
ϣӷ쳣ٶȻǺܿġ
ڻϵˣȫ׼ģҲһЩԭطġڲǿߣʱסߣʱ
߿еѷ츽ͣС͵ķλжεǿߣԼλܹ֪ѷߡ⣬ϻвĴͷһλжǿ޷ӦΣʱͻᱻ̴ߡ
ڿսʱƮһǿߣصȺš
ⰮҲóһС͵ķģͣرߵȵķҲһ㣬ƮڿУҲװϼʮˣսʲôĶ㡣
ǿǺŵ˶뵽зⰮзݣǿռѷĸһȺڴǰ涢ѷ۲졣
ڵѷ֮ǰ˿Ӱ˺ܶࡣ
˵֮ǰѷŰƳôѷѾ˰˸ߣһڲϵ䶯ţÿһε䶯󡭡

Ǹ֪ǿ߽ʩ棬ʱֱ˵ѷһֱ³ϢҸоһֲӣ󻼺ܴ󡣡
ⰮҲ֪ģΪڸղţҵ˴𰸣ϢħǾΪ˸ǵġ
ü侲˵֪ˣǲŻ취
ô˵һʱⰮ벻ʲô취
ĿǰɡںǴƣռѷĳҲ˳ƣʹҵռ󷨣ǵռѷԽԽʱҲǸȫסġҲôĴۡ
ôҲֻǼÿһֵĿռѷ죬ĳЩѷ󣬾ͽһһҲħȺ֡
Ŀǰֵĵһѷ죬ԭӦóϸСʱ󷨰ģⰮףһḶ́ķԴһôСģϸоȡ﷢һЩϢ
Ҳѷֵ̫ͻأˣܶоԱ޷սǿķٶȣû취һϹⰮֻѸټǿ߹ȱռѷֿħɾ޴˺ѾкܶоԱõ֪ͨǻٶȸϹʱлֱӽһоңרѷо

Ⱞʩϸѯʱվһȴǰϸ۲ǵѷ졣
ѷ컹Ӧֻһħ롣
ֱĿǰ綼ûԪȥǣзΪΪֹⰮǲ֪к·һһ⼯еҪԿһԣıҲɫҲӦãõ˼ĶѪܵĿԶԶƽʱڵתҲѾȶ
Ȼ磬ȻǱԼԿĥЧǱߣõkŲסԼɣk˽Լõ󿪷
룺Ŀǰһֱ״̬Ԫע㣬ͻ״޷Уȥkϵһ£ʵkһ׼ôkһֱţõkԼ
Ԫͷá

˽̸ţǱⰮҲǿһֱҲڹ۲졣
ͻȻ䣬ѷ³˷ǳϢ˲ǲǿвУ·һͷƤ΢΢ս
絹ûоʲôвѷĶ棬һӵ൱ǿѾѷĺ󷽡
ӹɣħ顣
ѷĳֱħ鷢˿ռԹͨıԼצ˺ڵ״ǣ˺Ѿͨ
һ룬ѷд̳һֻ֡
ֵָֻ޳ɫһǾϸɣúһƷҲֻ֣ذѷıԵᱻռ˺ÿһ£ѷͻһ֣³ĲϢ͸Ũ
ڿֵֻʱ˶
ûȥֻֻ֪ĿֲжԷ赭д˺ռѷʱǿ˾֡
Ⱞļǿ߶ˣΪ˱ֵֻ˻׶Զ룬ԼϢȻطֲѷĸ
ϺҲˣһĨ⡢һŽ⣬Ʈڸ㡣
Ԫûų֣Ϊ˱Ҳڷһɫ󹭣Ԫ΢΢չƣ֮ϣէ֡
ۼЩǿ߶Ӧ׵ǿҲԾ裬ʱֹ׼ǵʵףҲûнǰߣʱ׼֡

˵ķӦܿ죬ֳֺֻ󣬲Ūռѷٶȸ죬ֻܹ˲һʱ䣬һֻҲӿռѷг֡
ţ˺һƬƵģֳֻһռѷͳױ˺ˣ
ͬһʱ̣һӰѷм䡣
һ
顣


370 սħ
ռѷ, վһ׵ӣһɫף¶ĲСۺСϸһɫƬ, ĥɵһƺӶʯһӨѩףͬĽû˿覴á
ֵһǡ
ûͷġ
ûͷͷƤȴҲͬʯһ࣬ͷͷǳûʲôӳһ𣬾ȻԵЩʥࡣ
Ψ˫۾, ͫ΢΢ɫ̧۵ʱ, ¶һֿɲġĹ⡣
Ȼ
ӹɣûп۾ʱ, ǹ׵ġһĴڡ
ǳǳ˵

Ⱞ˶֪ħ, Ҳ׼, Ƕû뵽, ħ龹Ȼģ
ⲻ벻
ֵЩӱееţе滹еι״ޣ̬֮, ǳª
ȵ˱ͽħʱ, ߴһ׵֮, ε, ǻʲôСƤëӲǡǡֵȵ, Ҳδܴȫ, ༸ټƽ, ܳģĶ֮٣ȫ̸Ϻÿ˵֮ڡ
ֱ׵˵һ࣬ҪôܳҪôܹ졣
ɽħ飬˵覡ƽ󶼲ĻǸ̳˵ĳ˶Ķٲ۾һ֡Ƿŵõɮһֱ˲¡
ⰮħǶǺεаĶǾҪС
ЩǿڵһҲѸٶ
˵ħһַǳħԵħԶͬ׵ǿӰȽСǸַչǳǿʢĵطϷӰЧȥˣûʲô覴õҲöˡ
˶ϲ֮ģ仪ˣǱƣã⡢Ȼ顣ܹսǿȻʣµٲ֣ǿ˾顢ЩȻе壬ھܻ֮̾Ʋߣħ顭ûп۾ʱӣȴһЩøУûиͶ䣬ǿǹ顣۾֮ǿ־ԲŨĶ⣬ڸп֮ǰ

ڶǿֻͣһӣļǿ߾һˣ
Ϊ˽ӵĵˣǿûʲô˼
ǣħŸ̤ռѷɲǣһóֲǿ˦һǿѸٵزסħ֫
ܲסҲһ˲
ħֻ΢һͣ֫ſȫˡ
Һʱ⼸ǿߵĹҲѵӲֱͬħܵҪ
ħ顰ಡһ¾ʧˡ
ٶ֮죬쵽ӰǼλǿߵĹȫһȴûκһͷħϡ
ǿͫЩš
ҲǵĴȻûвħȥ򣬿Ҳֻǡڹļλǿ߶óٶȶѡΧĶǿУȴһʵﵽ׺ΡٶȼߣͫһĨ⣬ħĹ켣
ǿѸٿڣұߣһ̷ڳ㷽ȥˣ
ǿ߶⣬ϸı䷽
Ƕǿߵٿ죬Ҳħ죬ʹǿͳǶǿָķ򹥻ȴֻħ¶һӰ˺
ħȴܿˡ
һ˲Ѿǿߵǰ׵ֱӳĿȥ
ǿΣǿߺëǱܵԼٶȺˣɾǰķҲħӲ˺һ飬Ƥ⣬ҲһѪܵ˿ڡ
ܿ£һ˿ͻᱻͳ
һӹҲʲôΪħٶô죬λǿóٶȵģҲֻܿѣķӦٶȻǱȲħ顣
ħٴǿ߶ûټʱǿʱħ˶ǿߵĺ󷽣ٴ׵ơ
һأ̽˶ǿߵĺס
˭ܿбһУضᱻԴ
Ȼڳǿ߶ûħٶȿ죬ΨһǸҲӦ
ǣϵǿ˸ħƴɱ׼˼ʹġ
׺εٶǿߣǺܴˣǼʧ
ǣĿѵʱ׵ڼĵٶǿߵ˲䣬һ֧ɫĳᴩֻơ
ƱȼˣȼյĹУɫƤ䣬¶ɫġ·ɿƤһڡ
ɫѪҺ˿˿Ƶسʡ
ħ鱻գӲؽ˸߿ϡ
ٶǿתԼƽٶԶħ飡
ʵҲ֤ٶǿߵķӦǶԵġ
ΪħΪնʹؽӣȴҲֻһѣյ֣ǰһץǹٶǿߣ
ҺãʱٶǿѾӿˣħ˸ա
ħһֻתҪϵĻ棬ǲûгɹǻ淴˳Ÿ첲ӣգʱֱۡ
ħԼҲԺģۼ޷棬ȻΪֱұۣţһǿɱȥ
̷ڵʯ֮䣬Щǿ߷ӦҲܿ죬ȥǳ˭ۼħɱһʱ⼸Ҳ˹ȥǰȥϮɱħ顣
ħǳʹϱӰķӣɷǳǿʹƸǿǵıײҲƤ
һʱ䣬ǿߺһͷħսȻ˽״̬
ٿȻһƿն
һأһ֧ĳֱ͸ħĺԡ
ۡ
ǸƵģħԴڶ⣬ϵĻա
ħ豻ոˣҲû
ֻǻನͣٸ߿ϡ
ǿطħϢʶض֧ķȥȻǾƼһϴ΢΢ЦˣվڷзݵĴڡ
˵ɫĴϣһĨ⻮
ԭ֡
һһĹâ̽סǼҪħʬ壬ǿǳĹâȥԭѰŵͷˡϡ
Ϻǿ֣Χǰûм뵽սУֻǷħܻΧȦǵķλ
ڣϾʬҲǿǷӦոǸеˣǾϵ׵ܵܡ
һʬҲûʲô⡣
ϾЩ׸ħһͨսҲûκζԷǾܣһ˸Ǳ޴ٶǿߣһֱɱħ顣
ǡ
Сˡ
ȻеҲסЩǿڵˮ׼ҲʲôˡǵӲڣ˳ħǸֵҵġ
ԽڶǿҲû˵ʲôֻڿռѷ츽ţһ˷зϡ
Ҫۺ⡣


371 ɱ
з
һȻⰮļ, Ҳ˵˻ᰴճС佱ıϾⲿŵˣĶħ˺, ѰǱ߳һЩ, ʬҲӦǹⲿŵġκκüǿ߶û취˵ħ, ѰֱӰħɵ, ˼ͬûгȫЧħʬӦѰ, ⲿŻ, ͱȽˡ
ȻħʬǵһŪѰҲоϾܱȵϱҵⲿŵоԺоЧʱضܵ͡ڿռѷ, Ҫץʱʱ, κһ˷ѶǲҪġ
һʱ, ΢е㽩Ӳ
ⰮѾ˼ô, ҸʲôĴȡħʬˡ
ûⰮǱѾſ緢˽ġ
ϸһ˼, Ǿֱ˵ħʬͽⲿˣϣŵõκоɹܺѰ
⻰һڳ˶㶡
ҪĴֻۣҪоɹˣ
㲻, Ѱô, Ϊܸõصֿħ飬ⲿŶоɹǰ˫ôġ
Ҫ, ʲôûʲô
Ⱞ˵, ǻᾡ
Ҳ˵, ѸոսħʬⰮ˽ӡ
ħٴγڵϵʱɢǿѹʮֺˣԴ˴⣬ʬ嶼ǳã൱оϡ
Ⱞʬ¶һЦݣһζλˣ֮󡭡򼸸ⲿŵǿߣҲҪ鷳λػˡ
û취ʹħ鱻ɱˣĿǰҲû߳µħ飬ɿռѷ첢ûʧħ鷢ѷ죬Ҳǻң֮רŵоԱоѷ죬ҲҪġ
ط쳣ȫӡ
Ǽǿ߽ûܳҲе㲻ģⰮôһ˵̶Ӧ
ⲿģǿ϶ְ
һΣһҪԼץϼͷħ齻

صսûʲôսºⰮǸһЩԴûʲôЧļλ֮׻Ⱞº̬ѰŵļˣյĶ̹ⲿŵ⡣
Ҳûʲôˡ
ռѷķأ˱ⲿӹܡ

λȥʱʱˣýӵʬҲˣһĿûҪⰮһȥⲿڲҲҪţԾϺܸɴظⰮ𣬲ûдǵս
óһεķɴС磬װһĿû⡣
֮ǰûһԶţȻҲûгڼе档
Ц˵磬㿴ô
Ĵһ£ַɴļװ廹вձ϶൱ķƣҷɴƷҲﵽףȻò͵ͷ
Цˣһһң׼ʱ㵱ģҲûˣҲµʱԪܲڣɴǰˡ
˵䣬ÿԪԪѾᣬֱӴ򡱳һġ
Ԫӹݸϡ
ϱƴǵģɵܵ˵õĻߣû˵ȥţͷʺϵܵӵģһԶǡ
ϲľ㣬ˬ죬ϸ֦ĩϿȥ
еΣǰ˵ĺֵ֮ܶҲΪԴȥٿԼֵ֮࣬ĻǸˡ

ⲿǱ˹һС
ͬʱھϵſϣõⰮļϡǹħоģаħ㡢ϸֲϵԵȡ
Щ࣬һʮÿһ涼˴ħȡõɫƬ˵ÿһһƬǼеǿȱ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ
Ҳڣ˳һ
룬ʹĽ׵С
ǿ£Ȼذȥƺܲܰȴû𣬶ǳһСӡ
СȴǿԼָġʹǳϸ΢ǿɵط֡
Ź˼ӣݳ׻ָСӳֵĵطֻһۼϸ۲죬ۼᷢ֡
ϿĶͬ˼еı仯
üҸղȽϻٶȸ죬һ𡣲ĻָȷʵܱƷֻһңֻòĽ׵йĻָٶӦñȸղſܶࡣ
Ԫ䣺ΧĽ¡һ׵ȫֵ׵Ŀ50%ң׵20%ܵĽ ޺ۻָ˶٣ƬƷйϵ֮ǰͷħ飬Ʒ׺Ρ
УƷʣǲĶ
ҲͬУһȻãͰڲϼܰɡдԼûֶһ
ǡָȻһѰŵġʸڲԱ
лΪʵģͳͳС
ڼôչڲһô£ûʲôȤæиƷϼܶŵǲ־ͻȥͰɡ
翿ԪһУҲûиȤˡ
ϼôӣЦЦҲûҪһۡ
֮ϰ˽еϸƳܺ󽻸Ӷ︺оһԱǸЩͬһЩо
ֻϧĴҪ֤Ҫħʬʵ顣ⲿǱһʬ̫ˣֲԼöкܶණûоءӶŵоԱ˵ֻȶ࿴ۣһЩڶħʬϵĶԹ
ħʬ壬Ӷﻹôߵġ
󣬾϶˵ʵƷҪˡ
æڼڲûʲôУû취ȥѰħ顣ȻҲ֪ܵҪô˵϶ʱġ
ЦЦû⡣
ԪԣС¡

ȻӦ˸Ÿħʬ壬ԪҲøͨ/һȥѲߣǻǸô˽լûûûûӸûʲô
ϾԪΪһʶǳӴϵͳֳһ˿ܹǵ״ǿռѷڻڲ߷ʱͿֱӸ֪硣
ŵһռѷ֣Ľһںϣûȼ죬һƬϿճ˵ڶռѷ졣
ǰ󲻳СʱĳСϷͬһռѷ졣
ҺãΪоԱǵ׿Խһħʬ弫ѹեо˳ԭ̽˸ͬȫص̵ĵطװϡ
ռѷ̸ֺ˷Ӧһ˲䷢˱鲼ȫصǿߡ
Ǿռѷӵжжʵǿߣ׷׳ѷȥ
ԪǾֵø죬ǣǿյϢʱѾ磬СϷǸռѷ촦


372 ɱ2
ռѷŵٶȱ֮ǰֵǵһ, ҲΪĿռҲΪһ˳ں󡢺ͻף֮ʹԪѾúܿ, ѷҲѾ˴һ׶ߡ
ѷ³ϢҲܶ, ڶ̶̵ʱͰΧȾ÷·Ƶ, ܻŨȴѾ˲顣
翿Ԫ, ѷǰ
Χûˣ˵ĿؿѷĶ棬һεӰӲǰ, 쳤ı۰ϼ⹰, ڷ˺ѷ졣
ôţ˳appСйز, ˵Ѿִռѷ, һѷڲֵ⡣ͬʱҲӣ֪ܹעµǿǣٽϹ

appķչҲ˲ٵĸ, ڷ߻شӵʱ, һʵ֤
appĻԱ, ⲿϢº, ʱŵλεġסͷΣ·ԪҲӣͬšסͷΡ
һ, ӵappҹעµǾ, Ѿλǿڿռѷ츽, ʵûﵽסֻΪħǿǣͲùðˡǿͲ࣬Ҫעһռѷ죬ڵ֪ϢԺ󣬵ȻȡᡪοҲˣǿǴμһεΧԣ֪Ѱϴθɵħ˹ȥȻܷġ
ͬʱҲһѷеħڱصáҶǿߣϴξûôһôҲýž˽˼ŵǿרǰˡ

ԺϾظԪһȡ
˴ʮңǸռѷ쿪ԽԽ󣬾ǵһռѷʱһһִֻ͸ռ䣬ȻڲħһӽѸٽѿ˺Ȼѷһڶ
һγֵħϴεûʲô𣬶òңûͷһЩ¶ƤϴЩɫƬ⣬ûʲô
سֵģʵϴεǸǿ
ϴεǸӽ۷ˣصģжΡ
翴ͷħ飬΢΢ü

ǼصʱԪħ鶼ֿ׽ȴҲһ־Ͱ㶨
Ԫ磬ѸٶħȻĹ
ħٶɺܿ죬ɼӰû£ԪĶҲͬǼ֮죬ͬӰû¡
̣ԪԵúɡ
ħ鱻ŭˣҲûӣۼԪŸ˻ô࣬ԼԼ²ǵĶ֡
һԼĳٽйͬʱħҲһ۽ǵıѰܹ·
ħ뷨һۿ
繴˹һԪܣһ΢΢
һգɫ󹭾ͱס
Ȼҡ
֧ٿȻ̳
ģħѾȫټˣȴٿȻ¶м
֧ǡöסλħڼУһ˲ûȥ·ֻԸպڶԪˡ
糯¶ɫħЦЦٴδ
һĶҲ죬ħûܷӦؿ֧һ֧üģһ֧ĺͷ
ͷβħֵɱȫҲֻ˲һӶѡ
ħɢɲǣԪһץ
ħʬ廹ûгȥȱһǣֱǰ
һʬսﻷС
ܺãһħʬ嵽֡
Ԫվ§ʣǸȥȥ
룬ҡͷ˵ǸȥˣӦѾϹȥˣӦûġ
ϴιȥļ׸ʵҲǿģ֮һʼеܴ죬ֻΪʱϤħֶζѡѾоһʬˣȥΧԵʱȻܻɱʧܵġԪѾ㵽һͷȥǱߣ˵ǹȥæ˵Ǹ˼Ʒʡ
Ԫ˼˵ͻ§磬ǰѰķȥ

Ƿ¹ӭˣʱľϺڶ¥æµʱ䶼ûС
ָ̧´˸к
ҲЦкʣԪʡһ߹ˢߣһ߽ͣѰĸǿߵϢѾȥˣͶݼߺ߲٣ҪܺѡæſءһͳһԣλҪȤһȥĿǰõǡ
ŷµĽͣϴЦݣûͦ˼
һһһʲôͷԪ˿
ԪǸƽһı飬ȴЩ̿
ȻԪ֣ż
ţ绹Ǽ½ܡ
Ԫȴ˵á

˶¥Ԫֱӽ˾ϵİ칫ҡ
°˴Ժ󣬾߳ȥְŸˡ
ϺɿеɨһۺӵһߣеǩеϺǩеֻһѡ
絹֪ǩͺǩֱǿõĻӶҪߺ࣬ûǩǲôҪԿģӵһߵľǸҪ߲ʺϵġ
ԪԺϵĶҲûȴһ̧ͷ˵ͷʾˣȻżæµ
룬ԪԱߣҲ
˵ȻѰɶѰҪʲôԱҲģڸԪһæҲǰﵹæ
ĸһȻ˿죬ûãѾļȫ鿴ˡ
æԺ󣬾ϲվȥ˼ˮһ˵ݹȥһ˵ôˣ
üë磬綼ֻ˰ɣ
ϲʲôʣô
Цſڣͦ赭дģûʲôҸԪȥһˣ˳һħʬ
Ӧһ
һ£
̲סЦæſûֳֽռѷ졣ҺͰԪץʱȥһˣ絽ģ˳סһͷ
˵䣬Ѵﻷݹȥ
ϽӹڴﻷȻһħʬ壬ԴͲﱻᴩĶ⣬ûб˿ڣ˵൱ˡ
Ҳû뵽ǰûѷ֣պýϼдͶݹļֻʱ򣬾һѷ졣
еʣС磬Ԫȥʱû˰ɣǲ֪ܵʵǿħϾٶȿ죬ξȥ⻹ǻе㵣ġ
ЦŰڰ֣ȻûУصʵȲϴǸɸ㶨
ۼô⣬ֲҲЦˡ
ǶԵܵӱȻĴָʾͣȻֱӲߵ绰÷ٽһˡ
źˡ
ϰѴﻷԸ˵ĶȥоԱؽʹãóоɹ
½ӹﻷʶ濴һۡ
ǡ
˲ˣ˵֪ˣܷġ
ţŴﻷŲҴҵȥӶڲоˡ

ߺ翿ԪӸ첲˵磬֮Ҳõģʵϵ¾ͽҺͰԪ˵⣬æġ
ϺˣһۣȻʧЦ


373 
˳˳ذħʬ͸ʱ, ⲿǱߵǿȥһռѷɱʱȴһ⡣
ǣǸѷĲֻһͷ׵ħ飬ֱӳͷ
ȻⲿŵǿǲûΪÿһռѷ춼ֻһͷħ, ȴû뵽, ǵڶѷ, Ȼͷ
һʱ䣬ǿеûӦ, ڵһͷħֺ󣬾ǿ߶ȥΧɱûܷͻأֵĵڶͷ
ֵħȫ׵ģҲǻ, ֺٴ, ֱûռѷǿߣ
ǿΣʱбܷӦһ, ¾ͻᱻƴ͸
, λǿҲˣԶһǿ߸Ͻ֣˾ͬʱ, ЩӵȥΧɱһͷħǿ, ֳٸ, סڶͷ
ֵҵ, ǿǻǺܿ췴ӦλˣͬʱΧɱͷħǼ˵㣬ͷħ鶼ǳ׵ģǿڸһЩ˵Ĵۡĥ˺üСʱʱ, ǽȫɱ, ʬҲ˳ա
ֻ, Ҳһѡ
⣬ⲿһֵѷ죬ҲϽǰȥšһѷһֱûٳڶͷħˡ

ʬ󣬾ɢظԪһ׼æһȥ
ȻȻģû°ʱ䣬ǾͶյⰮſ˽ġ
ͬʱҲ֪˺ռѷ
룬Ҳ⣬˵ںϸˡӳӱֶףܹ˲꣬ӳֶ׵ȴֻҡռѷֵƵһԽԽߣҲڽھͻڸƵ֣Һܻܿᾭжͷħһֵѣ磬ǵ׼
ϱ΢΢ࣺ֪
ЦЦҲ̫ģŪԴӶŵǿ߰ɣʱҺͰԪԸ㶨ֵԪٶر졣


374 ƵƵ
һ˵
ڽһ, ƽÿ죬ͻµĿռѷ֡
һռѷ֣ٻһֻħ, һ, ֱֻħ顣ҿռѷ첢ֻһһѷͬһıǸռһ, һ죬ֹѷ졣
ڵⲿ˴, ̽ѷӻÿηѷԺ, һѷ춼λǿͬʱȥֲ
ҲΪ, ںһֱûг̫⡣
ϺΪҰǿ, ͬⲿټˡÿѷ, ҲҪ̳
һʼһѷѰĸǿߡ, ֻǽ, ⲿǱ߷Ԫ൱Ĭ, ˵ɱֻħ飬֮, Ԫһжϡ򱻰һ߸ǿ֡
ĿǰԪ, ǿһѷǰ, ݳħĿ, 껹ж, ͻٶȸѷ죬׼һֵΧɱѾһѷΣôֻҪǿ߻սҲͬᱻɵѷĸμµս
ҲΪⲿŻѰţ˷ǳħʬΪʵϣҹϰ£õ˴Ĳȫȥ
ħʬҲûг۸Сħ黹µħ顣Ǽ֮ǰнɻħʬΪԴȫˡ˸ʳ⣬Ǳ;

ռѷĿǰǿߺҴﵽжϵǿǣߺڸµħɱϾħĳֻ˵ںϸΣգȴħˡħͲƻˡ
ʵϣħٶҲ˺ܶ࣬ڸƵƵ֣ϮƵҲ߳˺ܶࡣ㻪˴׼ÿҲвϮСܶ඼ۿԼڱϮԷŰ˺ҧ̳ԡ
ʱƣħĳҲ˲ɵ͵ĳ̶ȣʹżֳÿһ׻߶ħ飬Ǵݿûʲôɲ˶ǲͬġһⲿϲԤƣǰǵͳпġ
ңѹ£ټⲿųﱸĴԴ˵ʵͻƷǳ졣Ȼɲ״ﵽһȴԽԽˣͻƵ׵ٶҲ֮ǰܶࡣ
ǵղãʱ䲻ǿߵԵʣⰮڸϲλۺǴ̵ĲֱȽԴǿ߽һЩ󷨺Ϳϵ͡ȻǾʹӲѡʺӵıȽϵͽ׵ǿǣ
һ󷨺ܰǵۼҷŴ/߽ϣʹһϵһ۷ǿʹһжǿߵжǿʹһǿߵȻҲûбײԾۺϷŴ󣬿ɵͽ׵޵ģ˱սپֻҪκһԱĴ/;ͻȻСӺпܱΧħֱƣȫû
ⲿָÿ˶˾ǷŴʵȴҲħʱʱϢȥ븽յϢǿܾϹ˵ĻʵľɱҲɿԵԮ

󷨺һʵ˺ܶࡣ
ڶԹҵһһģΪʼʵľҲٶȽѾǳȹ̡ڣֻҪ䲼һҪȫϵָȫĻúʲôţڰµЧҲ˺ܶ࣬ԭḶ́ͳͳ
Ŀǰһתٶȣ൱ġ
γԱȵģǹ⡣
ĲŰ²ûлȡڵΣ϶Ҳߡڹ⣬֯Щ³ֵġˡǣγ˸ָĴСҲкܶĶֱħԺ֯ɱ
ֻǣⲿԴļӳ֣ǿߵô٣ϼϵֻа˸ѰĸҲʮѡοǹ⣿
˻⣬ܴﵽ׵ļһҲлѳ˯Ѫ㹻Ѻá
ڻ½ֿռѷʱ򣬹Ҳͬˡ
ҲܸͬȽˣǱߵĿռѷԺѸٵطˣҲʱóٶȵǿ߹ȥˡ
ֻǣǱߵǿûܼʹסеħ飬ѷԽԽԺмѷûüϹȥ¾ֻϵħܵǵĹС
ÿһͷħ̤غ󣬶ڸ˿ֲɱ¾
ɱˣԡ򡱼
ڶɿ֯ȥΧɱЩħ飬оĸ߿Ƽֶѻ˴ڣɱֻħ顣
Ҳ̶̵ÿһֻħɱ¾̳Եˣʮϡ
Ϳµ˵ز
ϢԺڴӸ·֪ˣޱ𾪡
еƵƬͨԺʬɽѪĿġ
ԭħǱѷǰͲɱ˵ģȻ֪ǵĳ࣬ĵˣû˵Լʶ
ЩħòϣҲ̫𺳣Ǿվʱoһ·ɢʥĹ⡣һЩģƵȴһСʬѪʳĳ棬죬Ҳûһ˿С
࡭ࡣ
ڴӴŬˡ


375 
, ŵҡ
ǳŨŨԭӰ, ȻһԼԿһĸо
ŨҲǿѹȸ, ô֮е˺ѡ
ҵ룬һ޴ĳӡ
淭ʺɫĳˮŵƺһѪҺϸֻ֣ᷢⲻֻһص㣬Ƣ, Ѫˡ
ӵıԵҵǽڴŶֻ׶һֱͺͺģȴһĲϣÿ׼λ, Կһ󷨡
ϸȥ, ԷŨγһȦȦʵʵС籩, ÿڵλá
, ɸС籩һˡ
Ů, ʹʮ굽ʮ겻ȣСĲʮ꣬Ҳûгʮꡣ
Щ˵ı鶼һЩʹֽ࣬ŶЩ΢΢߸ɴЩ, ԿԿС籩, ʵһҲܡ
ǳ, Ҳʮ档
ˮ̫, ЩҲֻܶ˶ţ߸ӵĳˮӵؿڣӵӵǵĲ
ͬģˮҲŮҲ籩ĲࡪϵıͬѿķӦҲ֤ͬǴʹ֮С
ŮڶԱϵĲ죬Դһȫעس
ܾ£С籩󷨣ľ󣬶Ǿ֣ۼٶȺͳ̶ȶʤͨͬƷ׾ĺüѪˮϡ͹İ˽׺ѪǿĶ̲á
ʹĶѰڲӶһ۷ӶӶһ۷ӶֻݳӣӶûдﵽжϵҲ޷С籩Ҳֻݳӡ
ЩӶ֮Ҫô࣬һжֻΪٶʵ
ڿռѷӵڣԽһͻƵףԽһħ鲫ɱʵÿһ֣ҲһֱĻᡣ
˶̿ʱѪͻȻһһ̬Ĺ﷢һ˻毺õͻΧĳˮֵˣ
ΧͬӶˢˢվգʱͶӱԵȥˣ籩Ҳʱͣ
ԭܼ򵥣Ϊͻơһ۷ͻƵס
һλͻƣȻǾҪӰʽӰ쵽
ûã˳ͻˡ
Ϊеõʲô򣬺صģкüҲͻȻӿҲҪͻˣ
ǣһߴ˺ụ̈ٳüĿռ
ǼͻƵͶԸмߺ󣬶æ˽ȥ


376 ͻ
֮, ͻʱô絽ⲿʹ⼸ľ벻̫Զ, ҲӰ쵽˵ͻơ
ŹһСʱͻƵ, ȫ˳ͻˡһ˵ӣ, ǺܿиΧ۵˶ȥһҩ, ˼ʱ̷Ժ, ȻȻͰƽûˡ
ǣӶһӶǿߡ
ߣߡ
ǵͻ, ԸһЩû˳ӵǿΪµܶԿħĴڡ
˳ͻƵļһȹԼľ, һҲĵ׸еϲá
½Ӷ
ڼһ۷ͻƵ׺ӶҲڻѸٸȥݳӵݳӣýĽ
ܿ˾øˡ
ʱȥ, ǰεͻƵж, ͻƵС, , ͻʱҲ̫ܵӰ졭

˰ҹ, еӶ, ʮ˳, ׼뿪, ϱ鶼ͦź
ϧˣһˣóȥһ
ǸԼ񣬻ȥ˯һ
ǸѪӶЧˣҪǻֲҺ޲ݸҹ
ҲðҪ춼þͺˡ
ǸϽ۷ɣǸʱûҲǰԤ֧˹ǼǻҪ׵ģǶŬС
⻰еȷʵŬ
һ۷ҲԤֻ֧ǲȫԤ֧ѣѰĸõġⲿŵҲǱ߱Ͼ˶಻ǣ
ҾΪŵѰģѰĴҼҲĽúܣϧǴﲻ׼ȻҲҪͶѰ
Ҳ𼱣˵Ժл᣿
Ҳǡ
ô˵ţЩΪֲɿټӶǣ½½ųȥˡ
ǳȥԺ̷գ½״̬

ⲿܲߴ¥С
һ¥ֻΪ㣬ڶ㡢㶼Ƕһ鲼ֹؼϡԴⲿŵĳԱǿƾԼĹǰһ
һΪܶң涼˾ŷǳŨҲγС籩ҲѰŵѷɫ
ӵһĺ󷽳ߣרϴʵսңóԱд裬ΪϵȹԣǿĹ޷ɺܴˡʵս⣬ң鲼ŲͬԵ󷨣עͬԵҲǴеȻԶԶô磬ҲȲϣѾⲿˡ
Щ²ҲиָҩأܻӭҲǺѪϡ͵ѪأΪ֡ҩԡøȫ棬ʺκһλԱ
ⲿȻԸṩԴӵдЧҺҩصҲҪԱƾĹǰȥȡģΪ̬óԱǲͶ񡪡Ͼûʵս㾳ˣսҲǲеġ
һ죬ʮһ۷/ھͻƣͻԺȹ̾ˣǾͺɵӣȥڲ/appѰʺϸԼȴûСӵˣǺȥѵ󷨺ͣʱ׼սħ顣
Ҳǣ׵ҲвͻС磬ֵһǣһλ۷ߣŴԴĴ߹࣬ȻͻƵף
ⲿŵ׻ǱѰŵĳԱ̫ˣԴҲȷۺ

ʱȥѰŵƵʸ˺ܶ࣬ҪԭȻΪԪɱħ飬ɱ˾Ҫ͹ȥȻҪȡ
ȥöˣѰܵõϢҲ׵õ
˵ĿǰŲյ֣ٱ˵ԱͻƵٶȣͻƵȵȣ˵ⲿǱߵ
֪ˣ¾ܵ˱ȴǰ˺üʱͻƵٶȺҲһЩڹⶼǡƺΪԴ㡣
ֹڣһ۷ڲϵͻΪǿߣ۷ԴⲿǱһͻ֮ѰҲͻˣǽӶ
ѰһĿ⣬ٶǿߣⲿǱ߸һЩ
ôһⲿžʮĸѰȫܹ˶ʮס
ͬʱйϢ
ӵҪٺܹܶ࣬˰˸ܹ
粻˼Ԫ˵׵֣ǲҲı֣
Ԫ§ͷǡƽٶȣ⣬һסٶ۷ͻƣʹҲöΪеϵ
Ҳ˵ͷҲԡ
ԿħɣȻҪľҵġ
ֻǲܵġ
뵽ģħҲᡭͿħ绹жħ飬㹻ĻħıԴkעһͺ˵ˡ


377 ڰ
ô, Ԫô룬ʱգĳͻȷʵԽԽˡ
ôĿռѷƵƵ, ʹⲿźѰŰܶСһЩڻŬҲ˸оô谭ѷšôѷеħڲԼҲ뷽跨оѷ³ڲȾлʤ, ⶼǲ, 谭
£еˣȫһְȻ״̬
ϵħԽԽˡ
ϴɱ¾ٶߺ߸䲫ɱҲΪԷ, û취ٺͳơ
ıҪȹٺܶ࣬ء
֮ǰ˺ܶ׼Ϳȷǵģǿﵽֻ΢΢·״ΪϵжѡûеĴڣħǵʱϵѾǳ¡

תۼ, һȥ
ڵ, ˶ദڰ졣
νĺڰ죬ȫĵ, ȻвƯںϵ, кܶԭǵظ, Ҳкܶͻأǵм䡪ͺһ·, ͻȻǶ˼鲹ª, ȴûа취
ЩڰԴ
һΪɵĹУҲںϣħеĲǿӲؼǣƴǵУ
һΪռѷ³ħϢʱƣϢԽԽ࣬ڿռѷ츽ϣγһƬ˵ǵأظ롣
˵Щ/ǵһ֣֮ΪΪڰ족䡰ڰȻָħа񣬶족˼ⲻǵĹµѡ
Щڰĳ֣ҲħҲǹ¶ɢشڣγ֯ӵҲ˺ܶľص㡣
ĺڰ죬ħռ졣

һ³ֵĿռѷǰħڿռѷǰλǿ֮䴩ǿεؽͷħֵסǸԼģǼ㡣
һɫͷȵһֶܼʮ˷ӣ
仰ںǿ߷׷׿ڣ
ʮӣ
ʮߣ
ʮˣ
ʮ塭
ǻͷ˵ʣʱʮӣ¿Եʱ䣬ԣʮڣͷħ飡
Ա׷״Ӧǣӳ
ǿ߷׷ŬתؽǱ˴˵ɱںϣͷ³ֵħ
ǻħ飬϶鲼˿ڡħʱ˺ǲͬоôħʬѾҵܶ˺Ĳϣܶ඼ǳħʬƳףս֮䡣
ڣͷϣǵĶѾϺˡ
ҲбײħǺ׾ܷòϾȡʲôΪɱӶʹǿ
أħ黹ǱСΧסʥ΢΢ŤûиճʱУ·֮
Сʩչϻ˵ɱȫһߣͳȥ
ɱУֱӴ͸ħͷ­
ħ
Сӷ׷˿ֻǣǻûüرϲʱǿռѷĺ棬Ȼʹ˸ǿϢ
һͷǿħ֣ɢɱ⣡
Сӵʣ࣬Ѿû취ٸͷħս
ǣǻͷһ·ĳУٱ˴˶ӣԼԲѾͬȥħͻŭй·ĳУֻҪУͻʮ򡢼ʮ˵
һ̣СѾ
ʣµļʱ䣬סħ飬ȻԱ
ĿǰΪ˱סԼ磬ʵǿСӶѧһԱֻҪڽҪͷʹԱҲɱһͷǿħ飡
ӷħ鵽ûһӡ
ħ鲻ǷӦҲʱ˷˼С
˫Ȼɱȥ
ֻһ룬;һ


378 
ӵʱ̫, СӵĳҲǳ䣬Ǳʱ佫ħΧԱõЧ
Ȼһ, 첻Ը
ȻСӾȫγȴһֻﵽ׺εħ飬ٶȿ쵽˼, ÿСӵİΧȦγɣײκѳΧ
, ֱСӺľȫûܳɹסħ顣
˿ֻ̣¶Ц
¾ԱҲôˡ
ĿǰҲֻȫעȴħֱɱǣħϮ˲䱬
˵Էһһ㡣
ħȻ˼˵״̬ζ, һգۼǸܵĶӳǰ
Աһֱܶӳչˣ¾綨һҲɷ˱źӳ
λӳ㣬ڵѾֳڵ״̬
Ա׼
Ҳһ̣ħ鼴צͿӳؿڵʱһ֧ɫļʸƿնд͸ֻצӣ
ܶӳһ, ͷϲ, ڵҲƽ
Ԯ
Ȼһ˲, һ֧, ֱ
ͺ۾, ħѾ, ѾԶ뵽ʮ׿, ɱ֧š
ħüм
Ĺâ˲ʱ𡭡
ˡ
ͬʱԱҲ¶ϲı飬æ񱼶ȥǿƽϢĶӳס
ҲʱѸٿ˼ʸ
ԪԱǷ׷״Цݡ
ڲԶĵ棬վˡ
һ칭ոյ֡
ˣС˵ҲǺϤġ
ѰŵʣҲѰͷ˾ϵĵܵܵǿԪ
ħԺѰ쵼˾ͷǳʣǶǷһжоϺڽɱģԪһ֣Ԫ·
˵֮ǰԪ˾һʵպʵ÷ǳ죬ھΪѰź¼ʵĻǵֳҲ˱Ⱥܶ˶һҲΪڿռѷ࣬ܶǿ߶вħѵʱ򡪡Ϻ֣Ҳȫûʧ֡ԪȴᣬֻҪǳ֣۴ӿռѷͷħͳͳǵС
СӶ֪ѷƵʱԪĴɱħ飬о˺ܶˡҲرȥźţרǰȥˣ𾴡û뵽ԼҲᱻȣĶǸм
ӿнСæԾ˱л
ЦŰڰ֣òлҲˡ
˵䣬ѸոɱͷħʬʣСɱûж
ȻԪ뿪
СУӳдþߣ߹ȥʬպáҲûΪһţѸٸܲ˵ǰxxxſռѷʱܲϽֹռѷ졣
Լʱ뿪Ҫ˹ӡڵȴĹУҲϥ̷ҩԴ
ڵȴʱռѷлµħ֣ôҲɻ֮ǰһϸ߿գ֮ɱ
ʹٴΣգҲϧ
ܶӳһߵϢһ߿ɲϴѷ³һ̾ϢҲ֪ռѷضá
ԱǵҲЩȻ
ǵУǵϵɢĻ˸ĵϣһأ޷赲Ҳ޷
ٹ˶ãѷΧһƬؾͶϵȾ£ɡڰ족
Ȼ󣬿ռѷҲ᲻ʱسħ飬ħ£ȺӵĶסһħ顣
Щħפص˳ͻмļ˲òߣúڰΪħפĵطﲻϽħ
ڵȴŽӵͬǹбȻǿߣǶǿ߲⣬ǻǰ³ֵѷȥɱħ顣
ЩͬפأҪĿǰѾоֶθſռѷȶԣʱ䣬ЩħļʡңһħĳȺôǱڷֵʱ޶ȵؽҿռѷ죬ħĹУ޶ȵҵĿռС


379 
СĶ黹кܶܶ, ÿ춼ڲϳֵĿռѷ֮䱼ÿӹ󡢻ָͻͽһѷ졣ǸѷѾǻһ, պ⻹û, Ǿͻһ, ɱͬæȡСĴۣħ顣
˷, һһ졣
ǰߵСǲͣѹեԼǱʵɿ, սɿ죬ԸħٶҲ졭, ô, Ҳûħǵֿ졣
Ⲣ, ϾǴյû, 3ħȴѾǷչģʵ, ħǳࡪÿһƷ׵ǳࡣ
ⲿͨĶǿжԱȡƲ, ħħ, ҲɳǵԤơ
ûκ취
е˶ǰһϰ, ȫȫͶ뵽ս֮С
Ϊ, Ϻܶҵչ˱仯Ҳҵ
Ҳҿ˵ӦǿҿⲿŶøַƽڽ, ʹΣ, ׻־ɳ, һֱǿصֿš

ԪڿС
ǿߵвȷʲôһ۸ȥǿԿӿġ
ЩǲͬԵ
һħڻɣĲͬҲǿ߶ԿĿռŤţ˺ҧš
ڰ׷ֺϸСĳߡͻɿɱԷӶԷƴؿɡ
£Ǵǵİɫϵ˿ڱȺɫ࣬ɵk̬ȴ׺ʹÿÿɫҧһڣȴҲʹ෴ҧȥúɫܴͬ
ǵ6ģȻϿʵϹȴǳǿӲ
ʱᱬµļ͡

ճΪ֮õʱʹԪĿ֪Ǹ͵6磬6Ǵǧ磬ǵǿ
ʱ粢ᵽĶѾǿߣҿ龰žƶϳ
Ŀǰ˿һټ棬Щ֮лкܶι״ˣһ֣׺һڡ
էʱҲΪǸǸƽһͨͨ
ʵȴǡ
ڿӴ棬ǰӦ޴ͥЩ買ǣ

ʵ˽磬ǰԲֻڵǸӴܶģҲ벢״Ǹصġݵġ
ӵһռ䣬ͬӴ󵽿ޣƿֻءӦͶӰͥģҲͥС
ʧܣ˻ͥе˽ҲСͥ顢˽飬ѹ֮£γνеκͨ泾ȵȡ
ڳ˯ǰԴٿűһǣɵʵǳطΧǿǣҲرһˣǿܱһʵҲͳͳڱ˯ߣԼֻһڣеȫţϵų߶ɢЩߵǿʱƣҲڳгʶɢһЩġСһЩĻһЩģеĻܲдһʶ淢죬ʧȥ䣬ѾΪһеңޱСȫʢʱڵ֮һʵ磻еͷǿתͶ̥Ϊһ֡
ϻһЩͥظżҲǿģ滹ӵһЩǿȫйʱԽҲɢø졣
һЩ󣬺ܶ඼ǵؾʱ仯кܶǱżҲɢˣγµı仯

ûħ£˽ƾǰľһԾΪͨǧ硪3硣kȻС̫ˣɴСǧԽǧҲһĽkġСҲзչǱ壬ǿвԼġ
ͬʱյڼ䣬еһЩǳҲ𽥻ָ죬еĺܶƮżҲʢ¶м෢֡
ʱཫͨ𽥸յӦϵشӹżҵĺöǵʵǿ
ٹϺܳһʱ䣬ҲΪԽԽǿ󣬻ںϴǰɢСûбһЩƬ
ЩƬĴֱܼ棬ƷһǾѵģںϵԺҲǴǿ
ͥظҲ֮ؽͥͬٻɢƬظͶӰ᲻ӡһʼȫָǰӣһػָƽȹɣҲȹ̡
ٹܶܶ꣬żһ֣ʵһͻƣ˯Ҳѣ죬صء
ǣǾͻķչ֮£𽥻ܸıԴһһԼ
5Ժ󣬵kϾǵ6ģֻҪʲô⣬Ҳʲô̫Σգ˳ػشǧˡ
Ժ˶꾭飬һʱ򣬾Ϳǰ⣬Լʱܹٷ

ȻҲڤڤ֮еĿ飬ҲʲôԵʣ⻹Ƿˡ
һȻǺõģϵͳѡ֮Ȼǡǡǵkϵ飬һkȻȻ͸ϵͳһ飬ضܵˡ
ʵҲǺܿ˺üеĿˣԼӿḶ̌ҲԸܵԴؽ
ڶǽˣû뵽ڽĽҪͷħǣҿʼ˻
Ǻܾǿġ
ká

Լã·Ҳ¸໹Ȼڵ˲أɻĶ㣬Ҳǿ
ħǱӦòٹһʱ䣬Ӧûᷢҵı仯
緢һعʱԪ΢ůߡ
ЦЦٶ롣
ҪôչǵӦס
Ȼ֮ⷽ滹Ǳ̫ˡ
Ԫ§磬ڿзɿ
ѾԪԼ¶ġ¡ˣԶԶȲԼģѾǳڡ
һռѷǰ
սݱѷҲûǿϢҲ֡
ԪٴѸٵٴǰ

ռѷ³Ⱦĺڰ죬Ϊռѷ죬󷽿ԲѪǺѳױռݵġ
ǣ³ֵġֱǶϻƯںϵЩȴԹ
ЩֱӡںϡĺڰϣֵͬʱѾԴ˴Ƭħ顣
кܶħ顪࣬дۣǵŮ
ҲкܶڰУûħ֡
Щڰ죬һҪµĵط

ʡJǡ
ﱾǸ߳УͻȻĳһ죬Ǳһη˺ܴı仯һƬȻһܴأֱӽзֳ룡


380 
ڲʱ˳, Ϣؽзֿģ˳ϵľǶȻֻо΢΢Լκź/ǰƽһ룬û˿оˡ
, Ƕȴ൱С
ɢŨҵĲϢ, ̺ǵľǳͻ, ڶJ˻ûüǸصĽͻأֵĹǣȱϢŪüͷֱ壬ĵ
һ˲, J˶ϳкڰ콵Jˣ

źڰһٵȻǵϵħ, ǶǺѵЩħʹڵϲ
⵱Ȼܡ
ǳڵԵħ, ٵس˵, ֱJ˶ȥ
JҲɵ, ˵ڰ콵ٺʲô, Ҳ̵ҪȻӦǳ졣
ǷʵȽϲͼӱħ鶼Ը˵ͨJ, ͻ˺üṦ, ٶȳȫĵطӴܡһʵ߻, ͶپͽۼܶСӵĳԱһŶǻɶͬеġԸǸʵһƷ׵ħ顣ûСӵľͻѸѡԼϢħ, þܸҲҵֶ, ȥɱħ飡
һ˲䣬츽J˾͸ħǽһս
ħJ˶ɴϣû˿ҵ
ħ鵽һ, ںϽĺڰ첢, ڳħȻܶ, Ʒ׶ߡ
׵һ׵ģ׵˺ܶ࣬ܵģֻǶǰΡжζѡ
Jǵ˿ڶ࣬Ҳ٣ҺڰJǵм䣬νǡµJǱȴǹµ
J˵ֿħʱJǵⲿŷֲѸͨϼ
ǣJǸеǿҲɿʼ̽³ֵĺڰҾȫնɱһнеħǡ
ȻⲿŷֲĳԱԼϹ֧Ԯܲ飬ԾĻγرСӣнֹͬƷ׵ǿУҲĬģɱħҲࡣ

Ź죬Jǵսڽ
дӺڰܳħ鱻ɱ˸ɸɾ첢رǿĵ죬Ϊħ顪Ҳ֪ħڲΪʲôƬصˣֻǶ۷ѡ
ɱħԺⲿŽڰ죬оԱ뵺УԵϵķ顢ħ鶼оӶƲħ絽Ǹʲô硣ͬʱҲᰲ/ǾӦûĻ£ħɱ
û취˭Ҳ֪ںϵ巢ʲô£ôҪĴ㡪ͱ磬۷ʲô£ѸٵУҵʺϵ淽ʽ

JǵһսֻսƽƽһĿǰǳ½ġûħĺڰ죬Ѿȫҳһһ򣬶ȫɹħģ򲢲ôס
ǰԣħ֮ǻὨܹϵģҲͬܣħһԡ顱󣬻һռһƬ̣ʹűǵȼ͵ħΪǷ񡣻ħҲỳħƷͲͣұͨħиͻΪ
ΪħǵͬͬħޣеһĺӲеȴʮû⡭еĵ̽һֻеһԣеľֻֻܶˡ
ҲԵʣڰ죨һֻħ򣩵Σճ̶ҲвͬڲԳϵķֶΣܶʱǿ
οڵǵĵ£ħǲäĿĴҹˣҲкܶıƣ޷ǿʱ򣬺ڰ֮֮ҲѸٵӦǵĻҽǵǵԳϵؾӪ
ڰš

ϡ
뺣Զĺƾճһ죬⵺ϵĻǸ룬ϵڵأӭʲôϵĴڡ
ڵļ̳ϣһ͵ѡ
ͨ⻬Ө󣬳ֳһ͸׵ɫ
̬죬еι״֫ŵصģеļªճҺе֫޳Ȼ߰һΪ
һ飬ǵ鶼ޱУȻţԴȴǿذ𣬶һ˲˲ؽǾ֮ѡ
ûκһע⵽Ƕȫעעѣ֪Χ仯ӿ
עǾ֮УѵɫҲɫϵ˻תΪʯһĽףǱҲԽԽʯˡ
žѶɫʱǾѵΧγһƬգȴڲϵע룬ǾѱҲҡҡλΣ·ŵЩ͡
һ󣬾ѵϳһɲѷ졭ѷԽԽ󣬡ǡҲ಻
ϵˣĿתЩƷ͵飬ҪֲסƵġ
ڣѷעĴ߻ԽԽѿѵҲͬԽԽѿƽƽشмʿ׷ֳ룡
˿Ƿֿѿм䣬վһˡ
ķǳǿ͵УٺҲһ˿覴ãƤǺܹ⻬ͬһ㡣СȡСۡ·ɫƬϸϸܵģҲǿķáЩƬǵûиȥªĸо϶һʥУһۿȥ
˲ԼкѾһλиģ첽ǰСһ׿ɹϴĴ·
󣬳һץͰڴ·ϣ¹ڳվڼ̳롣ưѿϣĹâ䣬ѿȫΪȹסڵʵ
һͷմӽͻƵħ飬ʵǳǿ֮ǰѽɱ䣬Ǹ顪ħǣѪеٻذۼĸǱĵػš
ڣͻƳɹˣħ龡Կϲ
ţħ黷ܣطԼڵǿ̣Ȼһİĵطĸ֪ȥжϣ˳
һ磡
ħǣÿһħʱڤڤиӦϢ
ԣͷħҲ׵ϳ
ͻ֮ǰֻħͺ뵽ˣƻͻҹ̺ʵ󣬼̾ͽ˺һռѷ죬Լһǰ
ֻû뵽ôãͻƵĹѾ任ˣȥ˺ѷ죬ֱ½ǳɡ
ħ¶Цݣſڣָ
[÷ȥҺʵĵط׼ʱս]
ħǽյָŲطԼڵ̣ȻתΪһƯСûκⲿԴ
ңѾִǸǡ硣
ħǷ׷״Ӧ
[ǣϣ]
ܿ죬мʮͷħ죬ɢȥȥͬطѼϢ
ǻԺ󣬾Ϳóɺ۹
ħ鳩ʱ򣬺Ȼ䣬ɲƿ
ΣΣ
ħ黹ûüʵԼκһƻʱѾһ·иʱռ䣬ֱӴüġ
Ҫ
ģ룬̫˷ˣҲ̫˷ˡ
ǡ
ħôһˡ


381 ߽
ħԼ˵ȻǷǳĵ, ԭΪԼͻƵĹڰԲѴ֮ϳ۳ңԼūܴ̳, øĺô, õĽ͡
ûü, ͻƵĵһ챻ɱ
֮ǰѵԴȫ˷ˡ
, ڵһɱ, ôū, Ҳѡ
»ȫ߽⡣

ǵģ˵, ħߣǵִǺͻ̳ԣ˵УǸҲǵ, ҲҪħȫ
ɶħأ
Ƕ˴ɱ¾Ȼ䱾, ȿֺǰ̵ƴɱ, Ҳһͼ
ԴͷȻħ

ʤкܴĹϵ
Ϊ6ḻǱ޴, kµҲǱ޴ġħѾ3꣬kµ֮׵ħڶ, һ׶׵ĻܸǷǳۺԶԶղõǡʹԴ֧, չҲҪʱ, ڵʱ仹̫ˡ
һ, ɱħԽ, ħͻԽħǱɱԽ࣬ͻԽ߹ϵ˳ҲڱԴУӳڹ
Ϊ˳ħǱʶ͵õԼָҪתΪã߹вͬǵĹƷʡӳ̶ԶʤħģħͬôħԵ˾ԽԽã̵öˣΪõľͶˡÿһǵġǹѪ⣬ħ˵Ǵ󲹡
ħǱܾͻ֣ᷢԵԽࡢԵǿԽ࣬ԼǱԽԼͻƵٶҲӿ졣
ħĴһ仰ÿʮգʱ㷨ݣɱ¾ǰٵߣõʹ͡
˺ôôǲɱ¾أ˵Ƕ˵һΣյޱ˵Դؾֱϲ˼㡣
ɶǾͲһˣkıԴ6ģվˣ뷴ħΪ˷ħĹԵk˵ǻУȴҲֻǻУûôȡοǱԴԴϱĶķϢܼȡġܻõĺôࡣ
òųħԷɱħˣоħ幹졢һЩ׿Ƭ֮ͺܺá

ħūǡҲЩµħǡѹûӦѾӴϲ˴󱯡
˭Ҳûϵǵȫ׼ͻҲͻƳɹˣڳɹ֮ԴأȻʦδ
Ѿɢȥ̽ķħǣȸһɼʸ׵ںϣһˮӡ
ħϵı齩ӲȻ˲侪ʧ롣
õħ鶸Ȼ֣ԶĺС˷ڣмҴ쳯ʻղЩʸȻǴôңԶĵطɱǵľ
ңԶܣ˸жôǿʵ
ħǺһɢӡ
ֻǡ
ԭǶǵĵ̽ǣھͶô֡
ڰƯںϣܶǺˮǼħ⣬ûκħܹѡǱ⵺ϣôӣҲӲ⵺ķΧ
뺣ħǡˮɲǣҲܻв֪ʲôطĳȫɱ


382 ȫ
ϡ
⹴ɫ, Զڰ죬ߴŵЦݡ
ߣһµԪޱ, ΢΢ͷ, , ֻжʱеĸ顣
˵󣬻кܶˡ
ÿ˶ż, Щ, ܹ޶ȵصֿħϮŸ, 䲢û̫Ľ䱸֮ɫǵվȽɣ·𲻹ʲô, ûпɵǵġ
Ҵ󴬵ңҴ
ҴͬŲεŮŮҴϵɣҴϵķҪһЩ, ̬ҲһЩ
Ҵ϶Ŵ, дšѰ֡
, ЩѰµģڴϵ, ҲѰԱǡ

ı仯ϻΪ, ڲȨ˻⣬ʵˡ
ܻڲǳͬЭ, һЩѺڵ, ⲿҲ൱ķ㡣
иⲿŹϵҲֲ֧ŵĴ, ɾѰ, ѰҲõⲿ̵ơ½еļǸⲿŷ͵ϢҲѰһݡ
ļѾͶŵȫУķΧ˿ϷģҲ˵κһֿռѷ/ڰʱ򣬶ӦϢͻء
ǣռѷͺڰһ֣ⲿźѰŶ֪ͬڵķλȻ˫̹ͨз䡣
ͨ£ıߵǿ߾͸ıߵĿռѷ졣ںڰ졭ҪжپǷ񹥴һй

һΣгµĺڰ죬Ӧǿңڱǿңжϡǵԭûħ飬ȴиͻƵħ顣
ⲿźѰѸ飬ѰԪǡںĳһռѷħ飬Ѱڸķֹ˾гĴ󴬣һµĺڰ죬ͽѰ
ΪҪһڰ죬ֹ˾ûгԱǡڸҿԳԱǣֻҪӵɱһֻӱʵģȫٻ˹
ЩԱڷִ˴δӵԪҹֻһӵħĺڰʱȻǺԥ;ˡ
Ҳ󴬲ü󷨣һңɿذռṩ·ߣǺڰʻȥ
ԪͬһҴϵԱǣİȫзǳ㣬ȻͲҴϵһ䱸ˡ
ʵҲ·ͼҪµĺڰʱǱ߼ոռʱͨ˵ħѾͻƳɹԱǾۿǵгһ̧һ䡪
ܺãٴͨϢʧ
ԱǶʱȻһŪħˣ
Ȼǿٴδһؽȥʮļ⣬ǵļʮСڵ㣬һʣȫЩͬ½Ƶкܶû뺣ˮУͬʱϷӿһЩ˻Լ˿˿Ѫɫ뺣ħ飬ȫЩɵˡ
ʱǧԱﶼһ仰ţƣ
˵
ӼŷȥԺϺͺﶼħӴܣħںڰĴأȴżٵˡ
ŴԽԽӽǵ죬ϵԱҲԽԽ衪ʹ硢ԪͬһҴϵģڴ˿Ҳ̬ˡ
Ϊ˶࣬˵Ժħֻ࣬ΪϤΣ챾ַǳħʱҲۼʮֵľ񣬱ⱻħ͵ϮСͬһӲ̡
ܿ죬󴬿ˡ
ڰߣһֻħ鶼ţȫܿ˴ͣĵط

ԪѸȵ˰ϡ
ϵԱҲ׷ϣҲвԱأǵҪǲݴϵķ󷨣Ҵúõرħӣ󴬡
ͬǺܷصġ
ϰԺԱѸٷ顣
׵ĺ׵ģһ׵ĺһ׵ģضжϵĲûӡعĺڰ۷嶼ûУǿԶնɱġ
Աɢȥ
ܶԱﶼһ̣ǶһģȽϴֲڣҲûʲôôǵҪܣѰħ䡣
ڣȷڰû©֮ħ

ԪһɵƲħģڸİһΡ
Ԫûа̫עڵϣרעؿЦ磬ǴŵĻϲ
һԺԪ˵ħ顣
΢΢ͷ漴â󣬸ļôϣͷֱ˼ͷħǶ׵ħ飬ԭˡ
Ȼǰߡ
Ԫ̧Щħʬ漴һǰ
˶ô̸ÿԪżʱ綼ֻɱͷʮͷħ鲻ȡ

ͬԪɣѰԱǶϸֽġ
ڵϵ̺ʽͬʱҲעΧĶΪ⵺ħͺܶħɸ㶨ǶԾͬˡܶʱҲԼպ޷ħ飬ˡ
ҺԱЭģǷɢҲܻһЩͬ鲻Զصţһıߴ򲻹ͻи̸ͬϹǱҲͬסˣǴܻ뷽跨ʲôĶ˴ˣ
һֱ˺üСʱ˵˺ܶ࣬ȴоգûԱ
ֻټһڰ죬ħ򣬼ʹףֻ׵ǰΣҪҲסϾԱǣҴңٶѡ
ЩħǷǳɢԱֻҪƽٶСģͿһһزʳԷ

ǱĥԱһֺ󣬾Ԫһɵ˿С
ʱרע˺ܶ࣬Ԫָ㷽λÿһʮʮâÿһеģǶϵħ飬ļʸҲħĿ/צ½һ߶Ա
ԱھƣսҲ˸߿вʱµļʸǶʱףԪΪ˴εսĿѾﵽʼ׼ˡ
ڶԱ׷ܾ񣬷ԼδĹЧõҩٶȻָʵţҲСģʽж̿Ѱħ飬ȽѲĶѸٶ㿪ԶԼɿֽ߽ϵͬһ
߿мʸ꣬׵ԱҲѸٷɵУǵȺֶΣԶҪ׺͸һ׵ħǡ
ҲһЩ׵ħҲ죬ȥЩ׵Աɱûǵ𣬾Ѿʸ䣬һͷԵ

һҹԱŬ£ڰϵħڱȫɱ⣬ʬ壬Ҳȫһһҵֱ
ȻصѰԺЩʬϽҲԼʹãϽܻȡ֡

һεɻǺܳɹջҲǾ޴ģǷǳƣۣˡشǼҳ㷹
û취ʱִ٣ΪȡҲֻܾͽˡ
ڵѰмߺߡ
ĵ죬ӦҪмǧͬġ
ףҲǡ
һ˳


383 ս
ڰϵħ, ѰŵԱǿʼʰսƷ
ħʬ̫ˣʹкܶԱﶼпռþߣҲװôĶԪɱħ, ǵĴﻷռ䵹Ǻܴ, ԰ĶǳñϣԪָֻ·ͷ, ȫļʸġ
˵, ԱǵĿռþ߲ãֻһһߵǼˣĳɱһ۷18ֻ, һ׺15ֻ, һǰxֻ
ࡣ
Ȼеʬ嶼ᱻ˵, Щ󴬵ĴǲĿռ󷨵, зǳרشԴ乤ߣͬʱҲԿ˿Լķô󴬲ΪװĶ̫̫ض޷ʻû
ȻصѰźԸЩʬģֻܰյǼǵȡ֡Դ֮༴, ԸʬģԸݵǼȥȡҲ÷ǵҳԼɱЩֻҪʬǰʵƷһ׶ξˡ
ԪԱæȻ, Ʈڰգ⵲ǰʬ·
һʱԱڸ㶨еĻ, иǸзֹ˾ܾóһˡѰǵĴڰ, ˷, ⱻʲôƻ
ӽԺ, һڰ͹Ѱˡ
𿴺ڰǳͻɺڰԴȴҲпõģʹò˵ģҲֱܷѰⲿС߸гһʸķãȸˣҲһá
ڰĳ־ܴħɵĲӿ죬ǱȾĳ̶ȼȴҲŷḻԴкöԷˡ

ҴѾָʱӣΪҷʬڵѪˮѾɾ·λңңغԪԻسˡ
ԪȻڸ߿գҲ
Ȼ糯ԪЦЦǣ֣һ
ЦЦ̬Ⱥ𾴣һΣֶλˡλ
ҲЦЦԼ̸ʲôࣿǲࡣ
̵˵˼仰󣬴ȥ˿ĿĿ򣬶Ԫص˴աҴʼ䱻ССշֱӺʹá
շ˵ССֻܷŽȥһŴһӣûп½ŵĵط
Ҳ⣬ڸԪȥԺֱ˽ԪͰԪһֱ˽˴Уش
Ҳת˺ܳʱˣһʱ»ôתȥϾԼļ硣

źڰĲ࣬׵ǿֶһ񣬾켸ټǧߺȥЩйռʱûмʮģӹɣΪһ½ĺڰ컹ûнٵԵʡ
ǿǿߣҲóȾӣߺ߷ָָȴܺľһ淶
ǾŬҲС
ԣڵĹǴСʵٵĺڰ֣ԽԽḻʱֻҪûвռѷ죩ĺڰ죬ȫΪĿ꣬Ҫһһع
ΪҲѪĴۣ˶ۻѾǸǳµ֡硢ԪĶһûԱʱڹһȼĺڰʱҲλǿͬеģҲ10%
ҲѾٵˡ
кܶʱħٵĵϣͬе׶ûУֻм۷ʹҲ󵽻жħΧ֮
ⶼǱҪġ

ȻڲߣߵĸҪĿ껹ɸڵĿռѷͻأֵħϡ
˵ҪԸֱǶеĺڰѾˣû˳ںϵġǹԭǵҺڰൺ̫ɾʵĵ٣ҪԸѰԴ
ΪԼĹաںϺչø죬ҲصȻʱ鲻ȥƽϢڵ£ɺܶоȴԸһİҲûҪĴۡ
ڻ˵ǵѣ֮ⱻ㸲ôݺڻ˵Ҳһ¡

ħһֱڽս
תۼ䡭Ǻüꡣ


384 
Ԫһ, Ʈڸ߿֮С
ǡ
ڵǣַ˾޴ı仯
˵ǰǻ·һġһЩѣôڵǾһ޴, ӱ鲼аɫǵ, ɫӣֵڶڰ졣
غͺڰ콻һ, ˵򱻲ϵиѾڽܽˡ
Ǻɰӻǰɺ, ڸ, վһ֣ںϡ
绹Կ, еĺڰ׳
һβǡצڽ, kſ޿, ݺݵشӶԷ˺ҧѪ, ڰ۱˺Ʈڿ, ֻΪεĺڰ, Էûǵòޱ׺, ͸Ӵ, ȴԵЩ, СһЩȴʵý
ÿһε˺ҧ, ʹͬʱҧԷ, Ǻ˺Ѫ, ҲǱȰ˺ĸࡣ͵ƴɱۿɼģһһسռϷ硣
ֻҲԿռϷĺôϲá
ΪһʼʵǺռϷ磬񣬴͵ȵħֵħҲüˣȴʼջռϷ磬ûӵѹԵơ
ȻѾԤҪΪ6ܼѣǵĵֿǳ˺Ԥϣõkò࣬ҡˮĥ򣬿ҲᳬkԤϡ
羲ؿһȺܸоơ
ʱյⰮ˽ġ
ٻϵͳһ
ⲿDʡڰ챻ٽ칥֧Ԯ
磺á
ȻԪ֡
ԪѸڸԶһΡ
ǰһСڸֻħһ۷ͷǰΣǿӦȴǺܼѡ
ɱͷħ飬漴Ԫ̳ڸԶ
˵ӰһۼСӳԱæ˵ӳԪ·
ԱͷħٿȻ£ھǸԱѺҲϳϷӦͷңȥʰħʬ壬׼һطȥħ顣
֮࣬Ҳû̫⡣
Ϊڵǣ˻߾˵ǣÿʱÿ̶Ҫ׼սñħɱûǿǡþ߽ʣһߵĴɱͷħ飬Ҳпһͷħߡǿǡ·ǿ߶˳ɱħ飬ǲٲһȥɱħ顣
Ҳȷ
类ԪⰮᵽDʡ
кüĺڰ챻ⲿշٽµĺڰ֣ħͻ֯ؽշĺڰ죬ռʺĵ̡


385 ս
Ԫִʱ, Dʡ3źڰУڱޱȼҵս
ķ䡢ܡؼҵĺ, ÿһκ߼ߺüħڲͬת΢֮, ǿ֮ͬĥһ, еħĥࡣ
ܶϳСӣͬʱӦԺüϮ˼Աʱ, ҲѸٸһߵͬٴɶ, ħɱСΧɱеħǳ, ܶħӦͱԱޱĬ
кܶǹһ, ЩǾ߸ɴֶ, ǵǳΪħϻ߸ĲϵԵʣڶ׺ͶµħŲ׵ɱڸǿħ顭Щħ뵽ѪƴУֱӶսǿǡ
ʱ˭õ˭, ͿԵıˡ
Ҳֻڷ
ħǷ̶˻, Щ˻, ʱвٶ¶ʹɫ, еֱסԴѸҧ˲ʲôŻָ侲ԼμսҲһЩǿ̷ҩ, Ȼҩûü, Ĺ˲䶴ͷ­ؿڡҩﶼ˵, һΧȦɵ, Դ£ˡ
ͷ֯״ǱˣѪⶼᱻѹεøɸɾħϳ֣צؽȫ׽е˿Կϴָֻɣеȴڱסãؽ
ħҲӵкܶ츳񼼣ͬҲӵ˵Ƚϼªһǳ֮ǰģǵͻƶϱǿо˶ԣǸ츳ǿ͸Ե츳ͨϡҪ뿪ͨһ㶼Ƕ𲽣кܶħΪ츳ֱӰ츳գǿ塣
һʼǿ˺ѿռѷģǿǿȣ˲ûзħ黹츳ͨ˺棬ħԽԽ࣬ǿ󡢻ӵпµ츳ͨĶħ飬ҲƵƵǿߵ
ħ鶥ǿߣоԺȻֽǧٱоְ취ⰮҲ﷢оĿǰæ츳ͨľѷܵľѷҪܵľѶٻǸڵѪеϵʱܷ֮Ʋ⣬츳ͨͲͬˣûйɿɲ飬Ҳ޷ڳǰκηʽп̽κηʽѷ
оԱҲһ񣬾츳ֹͨͬڶĶħǿߺ󣬻ǿԴŷһ𣬶֮ͬ츳ͨȻͬµʽҲȫͬȴҲҵƵĲ֣ͬǿڸЩħ齻սʱΪõ΢սʤԷҵ϶ߡ

սͬ˺ħѪһѪɫ䣬Ⱥ֮šÿһ붼кܶȥħ˵ܿ¡
һƽʱαװԪ§ƮڿУԼ׼ض3ŵжϵǿ߽ɱ
ܶʱԶ̹ǿ߾Ƿ·Ƶģó磬ĿǰսеġȻԱڽҪв󣬾ҪDʡ4źڰԮ
սϵħһҲĴڣ¶ŭɫ


386 Ȼ
ħ, ֱ繥ȥֻҪɱ, ܼʧǵ߿յʱȴһ֧, ǰʱһ͸ӡû, 츳ͨӣžѵķ, ʲôǰʱ, ԰ϡ
ҲΪӵĴ, ħŸðʱһѹǰɱУ
ֻǣ츳ͨôҲм޵ġ
ֳʵǰ벽Ľ, һַȫ, ʸԶԶħԤϡ
һʹˣǷҲͣһ˲, ħŷݺܾ, ΪܵøһЩ, ӵԶԶԤ, ı黹г״̬ʱǼʸѾķֻƣֱؿڶ
ħͫȻ
Ҫ㿪, Ѿˡ
ʸֱӽħ鴩͸, ȵĿ, ħͷ, ԲͨĻ
ֻǣһжˡ
һ˲ħͱһ֧ĳᴩӣʶš
ˡ
߿Уɱħ󣬲ûȥܸʱ䣬ҲԪĴѸڿд˼أɱشΣյħ飬ȻۼһʼռϷ磬ΣҲѾŵ˵ͷ
Ԫȥ4š
ԪӦһ§һѸŲƵǧ֮⡣
·ߡͳ˧ȫֵǿ߾Ҳսȴ֪Ԫʲô뿪Ҳֻջ˼ս
ҲľȻԱֻһߣսҪȥѾΣ£ͿЩˡ

Ԫһ·ȥDʡ4źڰ죬編ƣʹԶ̹üʸвǿħȫüɱħеǿɲûзֻҲǼʹҲûôվֻµһ·ѡ
ԪѸٽڰ챻ΣռĺڰҲڸ£ùħ˱ˡͬʱΪħѾɱЩħĺڰеֱħΪ̣Ҳеıץסй򣬷Ҳռ졣
Ԫ͸ˣǻûȻȥֻڰ·ϣֽӵ羣ϵϢԭ֪ⰮȥDʡպڻ·ϣFʡһѰռĺڰҲܹ򣬶ιǶսħ顣ħһ֣ǳֲֻҪ֣ܵǿ߾ԷսС
Լ˵ĵ̵Ȼģ̸Ԫ˵
ԪͷɿFʡȥ
ܿ˸ϵǶսħ׺ǿɵСΧħдζƺϷˣǣûмŴɱ䡪ֵҵġ
ϵˣѸֱħȥ
ħ̲ɫһ䣬նյضһ
ĸǱ·ҳһɢϢ˿ڡ
ûͣ¶ٴһͬʱֱ׼ħüġͷҪ
ħһļƤ񣬴вΣܵԼٶܡʱѹû˼ȥŪǼ˵ֿɱСӳԱˣȫעӦûļʸ
ͬʱԪǼСӳԱ΢΢֡
СӳԱԪˣͷɣҲԼ˿ӦʲôһȥȥЭһͬСӣΧɱһֻһЩħ顣
Ԫһ߲ûж֣ڣʹħ鷢Լ򲻹磬Ҫҷߣȴȥĸ򣬶Ԫ˻
绹ð벽Ľ׵ʵⶥħɱˡ
ʬҲ˳ֻա
ûʲô⣬绹編ƣվɳһЩ̫Σյħ飬ѰӦдһõĥµʱ򣬾뿪

ûʲôڻȥ·ϣԪҲûٿ첽·;ĵطżͻ˳ˡ
·;УҲԶԶϡóȻ𡱵ˣ˴˶ûдкǸԱ
һֱûб仯

ټ£Ԫյ롣


387 ǵ
ʱ, ճԷȳ극ԺǵԼݳȥĴѲ, һˣҲɱһЩƷױȽϸߵħ顣
ͻȻ, ԪϺָ΢٣ͷ˵С磬롣
΢΢һ, һʱ䣬еп˰
ԪͷҲʱˡ
Ҳͷ
˵ʵڵģȫƾԼʱŶз, ĺܳˡ
šΪҲ, ô, ߵȼҲ9糬Խ9ԺǾǳˡ֪ҪܴﵽǸ̶ء
Ǽ־, ﾡˣɶȺȴûʧ, ҲӰȺķܺͷչľͺ
Ϊ, ҲͦԺġ
Զˡ
翴ԪԪkľǣ
Ԫش𣺡п˽ɱħ顣
ʣkԸʲôô
Ԫش
ħɿ˴ΪսƷ
ս׶, ϻõԴֻòܴ, ʱҪѵĸãºһ֧
ħ׵һĸ׶, ÿ׶ηΪǰΡжΡκ۷ĸС׶, ֳʮȼͬȼħ, ÿɱһͷӦҼ㡣
1-2ħ飬ÿһͷֵ10ң3-4ħ飬ÿһͷֵ30ң5-6ħ飬ÿһͷֵ100ң7-8ħ飬ÿһͷֵ200ң9-10ħ飬ÿһͷֵ500ң11-12ħ飬ÿһͷֵ1000ң13-14ħ飬ÿһͷֵ1500ң15-16ħ飬ÿһͷֵ3000ҡ
Щ⣬սԺɣյĵȼȹرյƷߵؾںΪ5ǧ磬ͽῪһ5ؾ5ؾѾٿ4ؾΪ
ϸϸԪеĻе㾪ȣǻͦ󷽵ġ
ȷʵ󷽰
˴λĸȾ߻ÿɱһֻķǶ̫ˡ;ٸӣɱһͷ׺λ۷ħ飬ֱӱ3000ң⻹û꣬ħʬǿԱп˴ߵģǴԺҲǿġħ͵ĸȾ߿ɲͬȾߵʬûʲôֵһͷħʬ汥ҲͬΪƷֵۣҲǺüǧķҡ
οϵԴɿãѶÿ˳ԺǻῪŸߵȼؾɿ˳ԴҲȷǺֱܴˡ
Ԫ˵һk˳ħķֻǾţһë˵Ҳƣʬ塣
ЦЦҲȻħϮΣΣԺǻʿԽʽô󡣡


388 ǻ
֪Ը֧ıԺ, ׾ٰˡ
Ͼ綼ˣеȥɲȾ߻ǸʱˡҪǽ̫, Ҳ㹻Ŀˡ
ڣһж⡣
룺˽ǵĴͷ, Ǳô˵
Ԫ˵ȫţ˽ҪѡҪңһ㡣
, 绹˵ʲôأ
ֻ˵Ǵ
Ҳصһһħɻ᲻û취ѡͷԼɱħıˡΪѾ룬ڵkɵʱ, ⲿֵĻѶӵkʣıԴп۳֮ļ磬ҲǷ֮һҡ

ڵ, Ŀٴӡ
Ͼ⼸һֱҲæϵ, еҲڴģ׬ķԽԽ, ҲԽԽˡ
Сǧǧ綼ѾüٸˣǧҲʮ
8ٵ, ֻѡ
˶࣬, ׬ǮҲ֮࣬Ե, ΣҲ
ȥҪǮ, Ҳȥ綼һԴ׬׬Щʱ򲿷ֿȥĳѾõ, ȴΪԵʱ׷ɱ, úòϽ뿪Ҳǳзġ
ĿǰҲɻвٻڳ, ͱǸĻһ5ûôױ̽ɣĳʼҲûôױɱ⣬Խǵ棬ЩҲ᱾ܵظоΣǹԼĵ̲ҲᵽѰҹȥĿˣԿǽɱټʵԽߣȥҪķԽߣҲͦɸѡ˵ġ
вٿɥеΪûǮֱӸòʥ飻еûǮ˵ʥʸûУֻѣеĸûѣֻнǮծһѻлǮԼ߰ϢеֻܽſתøԼԭˣԷǩЭԷǮ
ǿѡǶ࣬Ҳܴ׬Ķ˺ܶ࣬ȱǮҲܶࡣ
֮ȫǸˡ

һ죬ȫеĿ˶ٴյе֪ͨ
֪ͨ𣨸ʱ˵ͬǡ

ڽеǱ3ħ緢֣ħ翪ɡǾ귴᧿Σз룬пǰǣħ飬Ƿħ磬ںϡ
˽кʵ߻ᱻڰ벽Ľס

ٿɱħԽʬΪսƷ֮һ¼ħĻֵ;ȣ
ϵԴȡãǳеֻڿԼʹã
ۿʱǣãǳе
ħΪ16ȼÿȼļλΪ꣬ڻͳһ֧
ǽɹؾ4ؾ[ͥ԰]4ؾ[Ȫ]4ؾ[]ֻ꣬гɹںϲ˳пܿ5ؾսп˿ѽ룬ʱɸԻõĹ׻ֶһֶһԭ1ħ1֣2ħ2֣Դƣ16ħ16֡ÿ1ֿԶһʱ1ӡ
Ҫɡ
ٻڼ䣬ûˣ˲ܹ飬Υ
ڻڼ䣬ʬ岻ߣҲΥ
ǰ棬ΥĿ˽ٲμӻ
ħص㡿
ٰ绮֣׵ףÿһ׷Ϊĸȼ
ڲͬƷ׵ħ̬
ħ㡭
ܡ
Ŀǰơ
Ŀǰںֲͼ
ĿǰҪ
ĿǰѱռĺڰֲͼϸУ
ĿǰǿϸУ
ĿǰͲ㡭

ŸߣݺͱҲǳϸ˳ȫչп˵ǰ
˵ǱߵȴֳϿңǷǳӭпǹȥɱħġͬʱǸô꾡ϵԭҲǣϣпһȥˣٶkħ⣬һзĸϣܹץʱ䣬Ǿ조˷ˡ
Ϊ˵磬ҲǱȽϸĵģǰڶȣߺܶ趨൱棬ھʱҲǰѺôѸ۵ĵطر֤һۿұ
һһ߿Ԫ֪ͨȥ̾˿
Ԫ̧֣ͷ
һĬĬ죺ô˵أе㸴ӡ
Ԫţ
̾˿һԼĹɸĸо
Ԫ룬ͷ˵ܿͻˡ
ԪĻ˲䣺š
ʵҲǽôһӡ
֮˵硭ʵǣ

˶յˡ֪ͨҲϸϸؿһεĴ͸
һЩƷ׸ߵĿ˵ʵȲȥ5翪ģģˢ֡ʱһ׬ʣҲͦ˼ƷײϲµĶԣ͸ǺиͷˡرǻǼؾ˵ʲôܶŪϡȱԴֵøһЩ֣ºȥһƵġ
⣬ǿĿ˶ԻɵȤ
ھɲ̽ǺȻ֮ɾǸʲôͷӿֳٵĺģԹȥһˣ۲һ¾ô¡˵ܴʲô
棬ǿҡԻȥһ˵ģɾ̫Ǽˡ
λԭcp2ĴǵͿʼںˡҲںϡںϷʽȻͬ磬ȻǱͨ˸˽ġ
ħɵЩ̫ǼΪദ̫ǢںϵĹҲ൱˿ǰسںһ𣬾ںʱҪĿ飬ҲΪ̫Ǽܴ˴ܳһʱ֮ӳΪп˶̫ࡣ
ڣ2ں϶ɵ类ΪԪ;ѾΪ3ǧ磬ǧĻ۷ǳѾԼԼٽһżˡĻ¹˼ʮϰģͿԳųΪ4ǧˡ
ԭס̫Ǽ˵ΪͻƵǵõģģоԼںϺ֮ĹϵӽܣڲʱϻͶһЩʶǵ۾ȥķ羰
ˣ˾и뷨ǽԺҲҲǿԽǵġ۾һںϷʽܸǵĻۣ


389 ǰ
ȫȱԴ, ʵȻǽ÷ǳģܱȲ˹ҵ磬ڿ֮ȴͻҵһ
, ѾĽжεǿˡ
Ȥǣ˸Ҳʼձƾе״̬˵ĽжξͶĽжΣ, ˵ͻƶһͻƵġ
ҲԵˣʵǺܺ, һֱ͸ɴס姼ң̫Ǽʼͬж, ʲôģҲͷ, 姼ҵӵͬȥȻʱΪʵԵʣͬ, 姼ӵһͬС
ڣٴϬ, ڿ꡾֪֮ͨ󣬾ͺÿһһ, ˶Է
̫ǼЦ˵֮ǣ
˵ȥ
̫Ǽ˵á
, Ѿ˵ˡ
εĻʮִ, ʱԽ, ôȹȥ̽һ̽϶姼ӵһȥ
˶, γ˽, ҲǸܺõ
ͱЩƵĺڰ졢ԴԴħĿռѷ, ʺ姼ӵܽսģĺõط
ڷá
Щ̫Ǽ绹ûǰֱһѵĸͬǺֵǣܸǰĸѾˡ
γһĴ̫Ǽ˷Ҳס⣬ֿҵ棬Ѿչ൱ˡ٣ԭ2λ˵ǵľӪͷչѾеĺܶǿ࿴
ңǸԵſϣҲ൱Ŀ˽ĺѡ
кܶ࣬ǹͬĺѡ
Թ
Ժûôԥ̫ǼͬӵܷԸǾͨҳĴͰǴͶȥ

׺˽ӵ֪ͨԺ󣬳üԼߵͽܡԼһжġ͸ֶŮһķ謺졣
ȥ׺˵ʵﵽĽ۷壬һûôף謺֮ǰĵرӳɣҲﵽĽ۷壬ӰԼͻƣ׶κݺݵѹʵĥԼҲͬûͻơ
׺˵ӣ硢ͰǶѾĽˡֻʵһĽԺ󣬽ͻ÷ǳڶԴļӳɣҲҪܶʱСĽ׵Ǹؿν൱ңҵˣҲ൱ƿ
ȫﵽ磬Ǻǿһˣ謺ȻڶڣҪȥһЩȽΣյĵطǸ׺һӲŸʡ
˶Σ˫ÿκ죬ڷȡԴʱҲûʲôƽϵģټϰ׺˶Է謺컹С֮һǫãϵ͸ˡ
ֻǡ
׺÷謺ΪԼͽϱԸûʵ֡
ǱģҪǲܰ׺öȫǴͽܰǸս񣬴ֶŮ謺Ǹǰ׺˸ǺǹͬȥԴҲǰһǰɱ֣謺͸ɨβԼѹԴѹûķȥ롣
ȻȻģֱڣͷ謺ദõǱǰϤ˺ܶ࣬ɴղһԶġһŮ˽鶼ûС
׺˿ſţҲͲˡ
սս񣬹͹񣬾ɡ
ʵڲеĻ˿ô࣬ȥҹ¶Ͳˣͬһˣ˻Ϊʲô鰮׵Ŀǰ׺ţ

֪ͨյԺ󣬰׺һȺҲǳϸذлݿһ飬ÿϸڶû©
Ժ󣬰׺Ϊ곤ģԣ謺죬ͽǣô
謺˵ֵһȥ
Ǽ͸ûˡ
ʵҲЩĽ˵ǾͶǶսʲôħ飬ҲܸǴΣա
ֻҪɱö࡭
ΪڸȾ߻ŬιġƵĿǣǷǳӦࡰ硱ĻģҲǳҪô󻯡
׺˵ֱȥϵĺڰ죬ǵʵֱ죬Ҳһǵı¡΢΢ЦϣкһĿˡ

ʵǰ׺֪ܶྭ̳п˶ⰮĸַЩϢǿԿⰮڵپ޴ΣġټΪ˶Կħ飬ⰮҲãҲգⲻҪܶ˽½׵Ʒ׵Դ׶ˣһЩϢȻҲ͸¶ֻⰮ;Ƕֱ˵Լڵ巢ʲô£Ҳ˾˵ڵǸʲô磬ܶණֻǲֿ˵Ʋ⣬ֱλϢضˡ
ңиһˣϢԤ˵֣ڽӵ֪ͨ󣬸оҲǡԤ֮С

謺ͷ׺İš
׺˵ЦݸȰˡ

6硣
һƬɽܲͬ췣
֮һڵӰ֮ߡ


390 
Ӱηǳ, ٶҲǳ죬Ϊٶȱ, ôܣɱУӲرʱҲ, ͷϡͷƤѣǿѵĵط, ǳسһ͹
͹ڲϵر䳤ءγһֱ֧Ľǡ
֧ǳֺ, ߵӰҲˡ
ԭһƬڵľߣм׳, Ҳǳ׳ÿһƬżӲĸоǳ⻬, ·Ǿһϸȥֻᷢ, Щ⻪ģеĹһ, ճӰ
˿, ׵³һ, ڶǳ׳, ҲѾƤô̵Ƭ, Ȼ˺ܶ, ¶淢Ѫߵľȴ൱, ׵罥ϡʱסһϸɽͷһȦһȦšõܴɽͷϲϵĦÿһεĦкܶ۱Ӳز˦ɳȥ߹䵽ɽͷ棬߲ɽʯ桭
أĥùͺͺƤҲѣʱĿȴѪģֳġ·ĤһĶȷѪϷҲƺʲôʽ֯γһƬƵıĤס˿ڡ
ͨЩѿڣƤȻһһسҪԭƤߵĸи˺ȻĹİϵʲôǹİͻҳ壬Ҫİ˺ѡ
˺ܶȦԺͷȻߴ˻ɽ֮Уɽʯ֮伫δڡ̵ɽڣҪƤѿøһЩ
һûа׷ѣǡܵĹİĶ޼䣬ǹİ͵شһʯͷʱĶҲһ
ţİѡ
һֻֻ
һԼצӣƿİ¶
ţٶɽʯζƣֹ˺üСʱеƤڶΪһɣľͺߣͱ֮ǰӴ˺ܶ࣬Ѿǧ׳ͷϵĶҲԣµһ˫צ¶޿ɱķâ
ߡѾܳƺǾˣڵѾһνѪɱ䣬תΪ壡
ոǷ׵ҲΪѪɱ߻ԱȻе׽ٿ顣
ĺԣϺܶҪɺܶࡣ
׽ȻʮͣȴǿӲؿԼ˹ȥʹƤʹ࣬ȴʮ㡣
ʱ򣬾𽥰
ſɽУſ³һ
ྭӪЩ꣬ڳɹԣ


391 
ڵľ߲˵Ǿ, Ǿԡ
ƽʱô侲߹˻ĵһɹΪ, һʱ֮ҲѿסԼϲ
˺һ, ƽ顣
ԵԴҡһ, , ſ˿ڡ
һХ
ԿĪ, ɢɽƬСĲѪ, ͳͳ˻, ǰγһС硭һſ, Щ鶼̽˸еĿռ
ЩǣǮ
Ȼ󣬾ſ, ִӸеĿռ³ţ׼õġԺȹԼ硢һ̸ĵر
֪һԼڵ״̬ٴſ, Ѽȫ̽θĸڿռθǲģԲҪתһ¡
ʱ, ĵرɹѸٵȫҲǵƣѸˣͬʱһů·ħһ, ÿһ㲻, 뵽֮, е㸡Ҳƽ, ÷ǳƽ
ʱ, ӿҲʧˣٴαǸһһֻӾǮĵ

Ϊƽ˾ǻſҼʹĻҲץסԵҲΪܴǸ2˳6綨ӣ˻ԵĻԵ
Լûſûн磬ŬµҲѡϾֻǸԭеıԵûԵҲơοѪмޣУ̿ࡱȻǱҪģɽֻп̿࣬ȴ໹ֻźѡ
ЩȥѪĴ߻£Լڿҿҵ׬ǮУߵ˻һʵҲѾﵽĽ۷壬ԺܽǻԵ׽٣ԼһٳΪǿߣ
ʵҲ֤ȷʵˡ
ԼǷǳģΪԣӵǾͻ˼꣬ҪͻҲ԰ģأвŲʮ꣡ô̵ʱͻˣʵǷԾʽؽĿǰ6УѾƵһˡ
˴ĺôһʲôأﲻǲ࣬ǡࡱҲ·ǧࡱ¡ࡱȴ߲·ȫù
ÿһ඼ջ񣬾Ѿǳˡ

ûл˼ϣſڣ³һΰɫѪ
һѪƷײס
һ׵İ
ṩΰѪġ
Ѿ˳ԼѾٴηչ׳ġѾĺӡ
ô಻ͬÿһѪܸѵķˡ

ʼĳð˽׺ѪģʱƣȴлϼѪȻƷ׶˽׺Ѫߣɶ˵ԴڿԽԽ࣬Ѫᱻ⣬ʱԼǮԥذƷֵġͬƷ׵ѪһݣʱղûóȡѪֻǵĻӰ쵽ԼĽѡ
ԭǺ䣬ȻǽΪߺΪȵõ˺ѪԵʣȻǺԥȥʵҲ֤ѡûʲô⣬ⷽĽУ߽Ѫ൱ǿҲ˳ȥ˺ɫԽԽԶ
ڣѾɹԣҲȹ
ǣڵĳߡӦ˵ڵĺɫյѪƷٶ࣬ٶаӰˡ
ͬʱڵĺҲû̾ȥ취仯Ρ
ԼΪԺȻת

һ°Ѫɿת
Ϊ˫ƷԵʣѪٶҲǳ죬ûϼӣѾһƬ׹⣬ϢҲǿ˼֡
ϸΰѪõĺô⡣
ţóһ׵Ѫԡ
ھԻûʼʱſϣˡ֪ͨѡ
Ե΢٣ſٻ
Ȼˡ֪ͨݣȻԥؿʼϸĶһصϢȫ
ڲβμӻ
ȻҪμӡ
ֻҪǣԵľǰ벽ĽףͱȺܶߵ޴̬ǰڰ죬λʱڣɱħĿһġ
ûתҲ鷳ĵطȥŪԴʵûη㡣[]Ļʺˡ
ԥ
ԷǳԴ׬׬ĺʱ


392 
׵޶Ǯľ, һ˦βһɶ೤ϸСԣҡͷβȻصԼռݵˮ
ЩյµˮǷ׷ںӭ, ЩԶԶؿе, Ҳľս, ֪ЧҵǷܳɹԡ׽ٹû̫ϢҺһγԭߵͨѪһֱûбֳ֤ǵ˻š
ԣˮϲ֮࣬Ҳҵصȴš
ڼСʱڣҲһֱںߡҲصһܰС˼ٱȴޱȵĺɫСԣ
, ̫ˡ

һЩ, С뿪ˮ
ˮܻ̫, ԪˮȴѾϰ, λرϲչغͳȥÿαչػʵͻ, ÿγȥټ
ǵˣ⵱ȻҪλǵĸ
ԽǿԽ, ԽԽá
ֻи, Щ׷ǣ֮ռһϯ֮ء

СԲ֪ʲô뷨ֻĬĬ뿪, ֮ҵһȽεĵط, ֱѧͨ, صһٴֱӽС
ΪתվСĵֻЩԿٻָҩ֮ԼۼױȾķáβȾãҲȥʲôʩʩȻǶȥ

ħ԰磬ȻҲڰһ֣ټУô磬Ҫ˵ЩԸо顭ʹֶ࿪ڶڣҲֻ͵óġ
һǸɥʬ///аеĩ磬һ־һӺڵͬڰ˾֮ӵˡ
УҲʵǿģǺһˡ
ǱҲĥˣǱߵĻܻӭķҶ࣬˵ʱƴɱ򵽵ſҲڷǣԾڵĲǸ3磬ʹЩȴѡͻƼޣĿǰ׵ģѾΪĽסõĺ񳾣Ľ۷塣
ҲΪ񳾵ʵѸӣΣҲˡ
֮˵ΪǸİ̫֮أھǶҲԷһæһʱе£֮ӾͻץסʵҰѺܶ˱ʬֻš
ǰ֮վҲޣѾû취ܴķˡǻЪԵظ£ҲֻǽѢ֮ѡ

ںһ˽ӵ֪ͨʱ򣬶Ѹٹͨ
ͬ3磬绹Ҫڰļֵôߡ
ǵȻȥɡ


393 
ħвʦͽ, ЩȥҲڻ˺Сɾʦ𡰾Тʦ⡱ʦˬҲΪӺͲͽ˵ӳ, Ȼ󱻳޾ȥͽܡ
ʵ, Ҳڡ
ڡ֪ͨݵ˵ſʱΪʦĹˬؿһʵպõ׵ĴͽܣѾ˸ͽܵĺ󲱾죬һнǡ
˿Բͽܵ», ôͽһȥ

, кܶƿҲ׷Ӧǻ, ɱһͷħͷ׬, ˲ռײռټϽжʮ, ڼԼҲǮչ൱ġߡͳͳʵ׵ģܴҲȥ
֮һ, Ըμһλ൱ġ
, ҲһЩǲμĻġ
еĴ飬ȰȻƽľ뻨顣
Ǿڸɭˣժ, æš磬ڿ֪ͨݺ, յѡǡԼó̡

[]Ŀ, ˵ҲһλѣǶڲĿ˶ԣͦϵġ
ⰮΪ˱ס, һп׬ǮĻ, Ͼǻڽоͱ綢, ԴޣǿߣÿеġҲһʱû뵽õſ֪ͨѺȿľȻǵ¶
ȿ飬Ⱞ͸ȷˣĴҡˡ
ʶ񾭽һ£ܿ죬Ⱞ˿
ȺһԱ㿴ƼǳǿߣֻҪЩϵĶһЩмӳɿһε룬Ǿˣ
ⰮϣȻ侲ⲿڲͨ׻ȡ˸ſЩǿټȥᡣ
ȻѾʼôʱܵҲҪӭӵ׼ǲõĻŵǵľǣϾڵϣǿûϷ¶ǳ̬ˡ
ҪҪԼʱ˽׼
ҲزйزΪףͶǶӷ

һߣϺҲͬյˡ֪ͨ
֪ͨԺ˶һۡ
ô˵أ֮֮Уò˵ǶԴ˲ûзУЩڴ
ЩĲҾ磬ϱȣãǿǵĹмĲ״ˣÿһʱ䶼ҪŬƽľЩĸо
§§ֵļ磬˵пǹڰӦÿƽǳ졣׼дЩѡ
ֵͷʶ˶Ҳͷȥеҵزܵ˿ˣԵûӡ
ô˵еЦҲ˵ţӦúú׼
˵˼䣬˵ҲСһ¡
ЦЦ϶ҲҪдѡ
ҲЦˣ˵öԡ
Ǽô꣬ȥ˲磬ҲύһЩеĿΪǵĺѡôǸеԪύѱضҲ١

Ԫˡ֪ͨԺ󣬾ɺÿһһȥȻ𡱣ܵضһЩҲɱһЩħ顣
һæţһҲյ˲Ϣ
ⰮġҪϵȥͬˣ羣ϵġϻؼҴһһ¿ѻ£˽ĺѵġʶļˣȷϣǲǾͳĹ硣
ָԪԱ߸ЩϢ
ͷҲֱ̧˵Ԫһظ
Ԫٶȼ졢Ҫ͵Ϯħ飬ת䣬Ѿѻظͨϵͳ壬ظӦûظˡ

ϣԪȥ
Ϻֻø磬ĸֲɫһӣǳԷ
ҲûǿԪһͰ֮ǰ˵ģһ
˵Һʶм˵Ҫµ硣׼ԼطȥȽӵ
ͷ磬˼ǵʱһ۲𣿡䣬ҲҪȹһŮףһĽס


394 κû
ȻԼݸԼ￪˸С, ˽ѣǻǸտвļˡŴ¹ԪعүĿǰףֱ2ŰĴŮգĿǰף, Լ2ŰĴ½棨ĿǰĽף
ԽԽ, ָԪ̸ȻûʲôȤٶཻѡ
һֱϵģʼֻô˶ѡ
֮ǰϵսڼ䣬ҲйεĽסԪعκʵԽϵ, ʹչڶܸ浽ĸ, ѼԴҲԵƷΪ½ṩԴƷԸһЩ, ֱռ, ͬƷ׺ܵ͡ҲΪƷ׶Ͷ, ʺǵĽ׶
Ǻ´Ҳ棬ɽûϣҲһֱˡ
˵, 統ȥ͵, Ҳȥ磬˼Ҽλμӻ, ȻҲúúд

ĻʵС, Ѽ
, ˵ʱûǵԺϵҵʱȥǾˡҲӦ, , ǲ̫
˵ҵ˼, þ۲ͣǷֱдǡ
ûС
ʵҲǸ
ΪʵϵƽʱϸһжԪһж˫Զжռ䣬ûԼ˶ʲôѡǷֱˣ˵ԼδͶҲܳΪѣֱдΪá
ôˣӺӷֱԷƼһЩд˵ĲɫҲûʲôĻظԵıˡ

ԪعУոչպ½档
Щ֮ĽҲ٣˴˶ǶԷĴͻҲżȥƵǲѡ
ˣ鵱ȻǺܲġ
ԪعǴ˸к½֣ˡ
½ղվһһЦνˣʮְ䡣
֣Ϻá
ӣ簲
Щǹˣɴһ˵ʱͲôˡ
˫к˴ˣҲû̫ס
վô꣬ûʲôµԵʣҲûôı䣬ִƣѵǰҲֱֱ˵
ڣͦʣӣôûκ
Ԫع̬ºͣ£Ҳˡ
ʵκ֮ûΪѣһ𡪡ʵϣ羭ϵѵȷֻûκ豾ΪԪعԵʣҲӵѣֻԪعһ壬ҪϵԪعѡ
û¡
һҪ¡
Ϊ
Ůˡ
ǵģ⡶ٴסŮǰͬѧһ𣬶Խ׹ˡ
ĹԻͦǿģԷǳɺϵģԪعԼʱʱκ費ôסĽץһŮ̿ͣʹ棬ʥҲǡ԰￴һװŮӡ

Ԫعκ輸ŬڳΪ˽ַչӪŮԽʱʮˣʱ
ԪعſԺ󣬿黹ԺٴԽκ飬ͳȫһɾ£پôˡʱ䳤ˣԪعһķչ磬ΪõĺöԭжδʵۣԴҲ£ΪĵҲѹûŮĴڡ
ʱ䵽ˣǳˡ
ǸʱԪعȻҲ˾飬һʱ֮䣬֪ͬκ
˵飬ôһ΢

Ů£ȻҪԭԪعĸκȥκξͲܸԪعˡ
øһ棬ҲҪʥһôŮ䡣
ԪعӻתúܿģȻҪУҲκַκԼȥʰ뷨·ѡһеȥԭڵ磻ڶܿ죬Լƾʲôλþʲôλá
ûУִ֪ʶԴ׹ǺõģУƾֻˡ
Ԫعﻹ͵ģȥڲȱǮڣҲԸһ㷨ҵġ


395 ˵
ԼľȻڷ, 緢˾޴ĸı䣬ʱľԪع˵Ѿûʲôοãķŭ, ʱͱ÷ǳƽھͻԪعŹһ, ҲûĸоˡҪ˵ʲôоĻܾеʱļ, пɡ
ЩҪ, ԪعҲûʲôøǰλѶ, ֻǳЦЦ, ˵˴ǹȥĳҪֺԪּнס, ô룿
½濴ա
ƤգգۣӺԪҲҺ½硣
½ͷҪˡ
Ȼ, ûٶ˵ʲôֱͨнǡ

ΪȨûȫ, ڲ⣬ҲռϷ, ֯, ټҲϢȽϷḻִ磬뵱ǸѾ˴˵ĸȾ߶Ծɴڷ⽨ĸȾ粢ͬ
ԣڽ˴͵ǵʱ, Ҳ΢עһ´ͷΧ
һ˵Ƶᴫ͵ƵĹС
˵ڷ۵ľǽ뻪, ҪǸķڻŴ, ʹƵ, ҲкܶһЩ͹, ԺȽӦ뱻Ӧ
˵𷢱۵ġɫͫɫʽģͻᱻ͵ͬЩƷɫͫɫĹУرһЩħ飬кܶҲƴ˵ΪһЩľѣھħʦģⲻǸպþͺܺ
˵һЩﻯβεģϻǻ͵һصִ˵ⲿŵļطǳܼⲿŵͷпˣҲһĿ˽Ǣ̫⡣
ԼǵĵصģҲԴ͵صĸǺйͬķˡ

ȻҪӴѣϵҲܲܣԪֻûȥԶĵطסΧһƬУһЩħɨǵ۶еĺڰ⣬Ҳ̸ϹȥѸٽٸϻ
Ѹ˼ʮֻħӵ˽Ϣ
[Ԫع֣½֡ǡ]
[磺ӭӭģȥǣ]
[ԪعӦ˵ɽˮ]
˵ЩԪعֱӷһͼƬͨ˽ĵ¹ġ
ͼƬֳڵطĻڽд˿׿ľַλȡ
ƽʱԪعǹ棬ǿֱȥнӵģʱǸһǻֱӳеĵطҪõġǻڼ䣬粻ҪǮǶǱ͸ŷΧ
粻ܱ¶ݸ⣬Ҳȿǹˣٸ㹦ȷϾص㣬Թȥ˽ӹǱ߽ӴֵĺѣҲһ


396 
һ߿Ϣ, һ˳ɱ˼ֻħ顣
Ԫ˱Ƶģޱֻֻ첲, ֧šʵϣȫ¶һ۲ܿ, Ԫһ֡һʮСʱÿʱÿ, Ԫʵʵءʼհ, ס
Ϣ, ˳ֻظ
Ȼ, ɱһֻܷеĶħ飬ŶԪЦЦԪ, ȥԪգգ, ֪ġ
ûΪϵͳԪ, Ƕġߡ֮£οԪعǻſ, Ƕ˵̫׶λˡ
, Ԫ§§һʹϵسйȥ


Ԫع½վһɽ, ŲԶŵϪˮ涼ܸое
ţһַǳº͵
Ԫع˵, Ҳǡ, Ƕ½˵, ͺϤˡڵǸ, 90%ϵƶȣ½澭ȥյ磬Ҳ൱Ϥ
ڻıǵգҲˡͱˡϾһˡ
ԪعյĻظ½桢˵һ
½ҲҲ͸һš
ʱĿͻȻһɼΪΣյϢ
˶Ƿǳˣһ˲Ͳˣ̷ֱӦ
ԪعתһȣӵıǳĲҲǷǳصĿʯһʼõİ師ʩչʱҲ
½̱סķ
յһޣҲó½óóøֵǳ̵˫Աʹָʩչǳĵ
ѸٵӦΣȻҲΪá
ҲѸٷ֣ΣյһٿȻ˺Ŀռѷ졣
ˣ
ˡ
ռѷô£Ҳеģ˵ͷԣȻ˵Ժͻ˸ħܣȴû뵽ûȴڸʱѷˣҲǡáɡ
ѷ˺úܿ죬һγѷĹǧٱֹ
ħҲܿ죬ѷ̶ֵûлʮӡ
ۿħͫ΢΢
Ϊһ˲ͼӶԷӦٶȳ嵽յǰǵģȻ츳˶ȫûб¶Ϣ£ʵ͵ġ
յȻҲˣ˵ƲƲ죬һŻ⣬ıմ˻档һ𣬿ƾʽħȻһҲȷħ鹥ˣӵٶֻħһ˿ħĹҲܵضбж˾ʣСֵĹȫϵķƷֵǻӣȴħϳһɼǵѪۡ
ձѸ͹»ŭ½棬½еĵ˫Լ򻯳һɫӰӣǽħƶÿһθƶ˫ħƬһѪ
ԪعڶħͬʱҲ½Ĵе𶯣ܿӦĬĬЦЦûټ˵һߡ

ǣ絽ʱ򣬿ľһϢǿԳħġѻСɽһħѪ⡭һʥԴһͨڵĹͷ


397 ˻ؼ
ʥԴͷڹͷԱ, һλرӢưߣȻŭƺƽ߳ĳе㲻ͬ
һ, ҡӵĿү΢΢ЦһֱŴݡ
ߵվһεĹò÷ǳÿ, һ˫, е㽾ݣĻ洿ơ
һŮιӭӵѡ
ɨһЩʬʲôģһƣȻ
½ˣΪġ
ԪȻ֪ʲô£ѾĬĬظ紫˵
[ǹʱֿռѷ죬ħչŭ½档]
붮
ٿǰ˵ʱ, ֿһϸ
˵½Ȼûпտһ𣬵վλбζ, ʱȥ֡
˵, Ԫعû˵, Цô
ٱ˵ûʲô, ɸ˵ĸоܸˣ۽ǵż½תһȦ, һ㡣
, ԲͬŰŰŮ, ȵضɹô󣬸ƺԽԽǢˡٹ˶ãλˮɣŰĴ˰ɡ

е뷨Ӧֻһ˲䣬ڶ˿ԪЯֶغЦųǴк
֣½֣ԲסˡǸƵġ
ԪԱߣͷ
ϰԪΪҼһĬԣʱҲЦŸк׷ױʾ
ˡ
ԭҵȹҲΪЩħ飬֡
Ҳ̫ˡ
Ц˼仰֣˵ζлǹæĻͲ˵ˣȸһȥϢҸ˵˵ͷԵؽɱħ顣
˵ˣԪعҲ׷ɫһ
ʼձű治䣬ڶЦҲȥӺԪӼءʱ䣬Ҫˡ
ҲЦ˵˵ʲôţֻסš
Ǳ½ԥһ£ԼƬƬħѪ⡢ͷǷЩⶼ軨׷˵Լ˼ȻͣҪ͵ʲôġ֮ԼѾħʬŪǸӣŲ񻰣ͻˡ
룺ͷ֡һȥɱħʱһԼͷħ飬ͳȥɡ

ΪҪӭӿ˻ȥԪûֱӱ·ȡһз뼸ȥ
зٶȺܿ죬ϱľ뱾ͱȽϽӽû϶ãӾ˳λ˽ӻԼС
غ󣬼˴ӷз߳
ΪҶȥͬģҲʶ˺ܶ಻ͬԪعǵҲϳĽֻһ̧ۣǿȴŵıе档
ҿʣӺԪӵľӴ𣿡
Ц˵ǵǡָָߵģһ밢ԪסԱֳסĵط
ڸǽܣǱԪȥ򿪱š
ԪعǸ߽΢һ±Ļûͦء
ߣԼȥѡסĵطԪֱӽ˳˲ʳģҪ
ãż˰ѱ¶˸顣
仹ͦģԪع½ǸԵסⷿίʵ󣬵סǹˣȴԵáС硱
ָŲŵ䣬ЦƼ䣬ʺ½ֺ


398 
Ԫع, ãȻ¥һߵķ䣬ʩʩȻ˵ĳסǼ䷿аɡ˵, ߴЦݣߵ䣬ĳҲΪʺ½ǡ÷λͬС
ĻԺ, ½ջûʲô, ϽԪعһ
½ʱһ㶡
Ҳһ㶣Щ΢΢졣
Ҳ¶ЦֵĻôе
½ղԾضһۡ
˶ûз
̶ʱλѶ˽סĵط
һ¥ߣ䡣
һ¥ұߣһ䡣
һ¥Ҳÿɱ֣ڲһжʱҲụӰ졣
Ȼ, £һ˿
ɺϵǣյ, Ǿᵽ˷˵, ǲԼͬؿ˳
߹ȥ, ʱѾźü̲ˡ
Ԫں棬ͬŲ˳
Ԫعȵס´, ٩ЦԪ׼ʳˣֺø
½û˵, ոҲ٩, ڵȻվԪعԱ, е㸽˼
üҵȻиͷԪ԰ɰԪ
Ԫͷ
ûȼɫŹ֣ѾֶԪعڣȻҲиġ
Ԫع
ͷҲеŹк񻮹ʲôֺʲôҲûС

硣
κ迴ǰעŮûʲôо
ǰѪˣͬûʲôо
ⲻ֣˱Էվģ˵氮˵ĭսѡΣвЧӦ֮ǰΪⷢϵ𽥷仯һذѶԷ¡
ʵǣκ˵Ҫ˲ǰ񣬰ȰϵҲκ衣
κǰ֪һУҲŸմԽ
һ飿
֮䣬ڵġ
ǿ־ģմԽͱ˴ֲ̿ͣµԼǹŴǴ̿ͻʲôõĽ
һ̣ܱ
Ȼ벻ǣǰλĽֱһ⡣
ʣ磬ڴ˴үЧ
񣺡ǲǻˣ
κ˵ǹ¹졣
ܾôԼʵΪ
뷨ǣȻүҪλѡô¡λѡԺͻȥүٴү߱
񡭡
Ȳظ˻ش𣺡Ҫȥ
κһڴӦá

ǡ
ԪعĵԪдѣȵڶһʱǾ׼ʼɻˡ
ǹĿһǷѣһȻɱħ顢׬ȡҡ
Ϊѣ򿪵ԣͶһž޴ĵͼ
ͼϣػƳĸʡݡУʡݡַΪС飬ڰ׷
ʡݡСڰС鶼ӣѡԺһ£ͿԴµҳ棬չ¶صϸϡ
ЩϸϣвṩģѰšⲿԼܶСȴϸ̶ȲͬĵͼѰⲿŹһϸġ
ڣǰѵͼṩѡ
ԪعҲѸٵڵͼϷһ߷һƼ
ָŵ۶ڵĳУ˵ĺڰʵǿﵽ13ÿڰϵħ鶼ϣһڰ9ħ飬ʵǳǿߵֻǿǽ֡
Ԫعú棬õˡϢǾͿԸõѡ֣ٶȥһʺǳֵĺڰ졪û˵ġ
Ϊϵ˶ࡢħҲ࣬һ3磬ڻûȫħֻԴԴϵؽ룬ʱɱһʱͲһħӵǿͨбضʵҲڰ벽Ľ׵ģǽ½棬ҲͬǱѹ磬ôȷЩп˾Ͱٷְʤħǡһѹˡһħ
ѡ
ԪعǼ˿ڹġ
һСʱϢһһˡԪع½桢ռ׼ѡ춯ֵĶ
ֹ˰СʱңԪع˾
ԪعָָHʡĳУ˵ȥߡ
̧ۿȥ
ԪعѡеHʡعϡڰ콵ٵĿȴ٣ҲΪЩ룬ħ鹥ǻ˹ڰ죬Ǻܷ㡣ټʡĺڰѾ㹻˽ͷöⲿźڶݻHʡ£һڰϵħ鷴HʡĳУͻǿ߹ȥæ
ѡطԪعǿԴӱԵһعȥġ
ҡ
°ͣøпˣѾһʼˡ
Ԫ֪ΣͿ˵һǴ·һȥ
ԪعѵÿԪ˵ȻûЦŴӦ
ҲعԪ￿˿˸Ĵָô˵ˡ

Hʡ
Ԫع½աԪǷøԵķѡеʡݵġͬʱҲڱһȸԵٶô
ûãֳʤ
ȵִĻԪ֮Ԫع½
˶HʡıԵϡ
ŸյǻƮڸ߿УѾ쵽һڰеľ޴춯ǳ𺳵֡
ԪعۣУһ޴ĺӰȻڿնǺӰڿգСİɫӰӶײǺӰϣȻٵصַٵ׹䡣
ϳЩɫӰǴеĿġħǡ
ħǲԼײӰϵģǺӰ˦бڿն𣬲ΪײǾû
½Ҳо𺳣ǺӰ̫Ӵˡ
Ӵ󵽼ʹֻӰ񣬶ܸоһɭȻֲͷ˲ûĺëըһļƤ
ǡʲô
ȻǿϳǵӰġ
ԭĳߣҵҵһֱھǮȫǸ޺ӰǳزһпԸǮĻڸ㵽ǮԺֺϧػǮֻΪԼжԣһ൱õľ²ˣҲһͷëرŨܵĳë
Ϊʲô˵ԭأ
Ϊһﲻǰնɽٳɹе϶˸ı䣬ǰ֪ǳߣݵһΪˡԡԼһֱӸΪԡǵģԾԼԼȡˡ
Ȼⲻص㡣
صԳطҲûʲôֵģϾϲǮ
ǻֱٰӽHʡͺԥزȡͽԭӴһڰ쿪ʼɨˡ
Ӵġľ޴Ӱʲôأ
ԻΪСԭǳġرǿβ
ββûʲôͬǹͺͺġ
˦ǾǡɨЧ

ϸϸһûϳ
½ԪعҲûϳ
Ͼȷʵ߲٣ȴû˭λ˽ģҲû˭ս
Ȼ֪һ6ɽٳɹ߻ԡ


399 ·
ûϳ, ȻͻЩ֪ǷͬΪеͬ顪ǱҲǿģ˵ʮǿ, һжΪ硣
ϾУҪǲһж˼ΪƾͲˡ
翴Ԫعǵ뷨ֱЦ˵λҵ֪һλǱ޵Ŀˡ˵һЩϢǸμӻѸ١
û˵ԪعҲû׷ʡ
֪ͬΪеĿ, ͺðˡ
һ˳ǰ, Ϊһڰڵķλ, ҪǾǰѾռǸ
𽥽ӽڰ, Ӱ̬ͷǳˡ
һޱȴ׳Ƭĺɫβ, ÿһΰڶ, ħβɢ֮¡ֻգ۵ʱ, ޴βѾճһƬռ䣬βǰ, ٿٳ˦, ٴɱħ飡
ղһһξۿ, ûз, Ǿ޴βʵǲϵڳͬƶġıߵħ, βͻ̽ĸ򡭡
ǽӽ֮, Ǿ޴β, Ȼ, ѸŲƣԼٶȣһȻԴͣڰա
һ˫ƽͫǼ˿ȥ治˿Ѫеıԣз
绹ãѹûʲôоҲ֪Ե׳ʲôˡԪعǾͲͬˣڿǰʱȴһأβ͹ȻβһģһͷȴһǳġֱĶǣԷӴϣҲһ˫צķצӡ
ԪعҲֱһͷԣ
ܵõһ죬ܱһ
û̹ȥ
Ԫعó˴򽻵ʵǳǿľԣ¶Цݹ˹̨֣ˡҵҲμӻɴ˾֪Ƿ̨
һ֪ЩеĿˡ
ܺãʶǸŮһνеʱǡŮظʮλ¿˽е
˵ͬˣԵȻǣ㶨Ժ󣬸⼸ȥͬķ
ǾԵͷȻ¸ȥɨħˡ

뿪Ԫع˿
û취Ըͬ·ˣ˼ôһ⣬е}˵ġ
ЦЦȥĸ򣿡
ԪعһµõĵͼұָָǲֳͻǱٴ˴ڰΣ
½նû
籾ǸǴ·ģȻǵ뷨
һ˷ӶȥҲûдݵشӾԵͷᴩұ߷һξԺ󣬲żǰС

Hʡĺڰĺܶ࣬HʡҲĺܴ
ڴһڰн˰Сʱңڿ˵ڶڰ졣
һϣϢǳǿʢﵽϵϢ
ԪعǸպҲˡ
ûôԼͬͷųԼϢ
ɲǼ䣬ڰ룬һ޴ĹӰӳ
ҪʲôۣһӰӶһˣʹ˱ǿ󹥻
ԪʼǿһģڱǿϮҲûзֿ
ҪԪ֣Ѿ֧ɫļʸ
ʸ죬ܹƵģһ׷һֻħȥ
ҲǺġ
һߣԪع½յǷֿ
Ԫعֱ˦˳ȥıԵΪ˹һڿߣħи½һһĵյıҲһƵģƶ


400 뿪
Ԫع½նѾս, ټһڰʱҲгġ½ĵһӳĻǵյıӲǳǿ, ʹͬƷ׵ħϮ, Ҳܱıס, ܿ챻ϵϸĳ, ڵرƻ
ɱͷħ, ɱʮͷħ֡
Ԫعһ
רΪһεĻ׼, Ʒ״ﵽ, һڽӵ״
ӱ, Ʈڸ߿, ɽ⣬⼫ӿȥγסڰ졣
Եԭкܶħ鷢ϿյļսҲԼѾ, ǶҪ, ȻŵӴܡĻʺ棬ǶԵҲʵһ˵, ҪȥͶԶһλߣ
ֻǵĵ˵ԵʱͷӲȥһͷײʲôǳȴĶ, 뿪ÿһ·
еħ飬Ҫߵ, ͬ⡣
, ͳͳû취뿪
ǽӵá
ɢĽγһƬ޴ν, ڽеκ飬ڽ֮ڣײͷѪҲȥ
Ҳмޡ
׵԰ٷְٽסµ飬һﵽףþͷǳСױԷѲ˵ûﵽ׵ҲǿԼ
Ԫع׼ڽӣΪľǷֹеħ롪׷ߵħܱߵйߣΪⲻ̫׵رǣ绹ѵϼңǵþܵһȽϺá
еħѾɱ΢ǿһЩĶ۷Ҳɱǽӷõʱ
Ȼڽӳֺü
½ջҲҪȡһƷ֡
ɣͬ׼Ϊѹ⣬Ϊģǿ϶øӡˣΪɱħø࣬Ͳ̫á

ۼƬħ鶼ԪعǼбɱһɫĴ󹭾ûġ
Լ˹֣˵·Ѿͽλˡ
Ԫع½ȻĻһɱһ߻Ӧ
лˡ
㡣
ӣͷ
糯ǰڰֳ֣ɤӣҺͰԪͻȥˡλǷȥ
Ԫعַ׷˵
֡ԪֲĳĳҪһ
ȥˣλصҵȡ
λ̫ǻȥʱ˽ġ
˵꣬Ԫعٴɱ
ҲٴǣȦŵԪĸ첲ģ˵߰ɣǻȥ
Ԫš
ȥ·ϣһĶͷԪ˸¼ָơ
Ԫ˵Ҫǵʵֱӽȥ
Ц˵ǹ͵ģ᲻شȥ𣿡
Ԫ룺ҿֱģ¼롣
һ㶣ȻЦҲСǲ˵ȥʱ˽㵽ʱעţҪûע⵽һظ˵Լɼָ¼ˣǽ⡣
Ԫԥá

Ȼ类ԪŸջȥʱյһ˸˽ġ
е⣬ֲô⡣
Ϊ˽ĵĲǱˣǸΪĳЩԭ򡱶ûǼүһǵġ׹κ衣
[κ裺֣үǷѾ]
գգۡ
[磺ڽħ顣]

κ˿ҺûֱӸүϢŵүͲˡ
ҪҲɱ֣žûϵү֮˽ѵģһˣܻүģ˿ô죿˾ͲͬˡҪɱֺ֣Σգ϶˵˽ģϢ˵ʲôӰ졣
Ȼκյ˽ġ

[磺κѾǣ]
[κ裺ǵģ߶ˡ]
[磺κĵַǣ㡣]
[κ裺ַ͡¼]

ԪѸٴ˵ַʾĵطȻһеκκ
κһȥԪعҲ⣬ֻЦŸһֻֽףֽ׹ȥͿҵҵүˡ
ǣκæлٸȥ
ȴʣԪôô죿


401 Ůؼ
Ȼ, ˽һеԪȻֱӸ˻ش

ԭŮͶŮֱڽͻʹԺκǴĸϻؽ棬ʱֱӸ˰·ѡ
񱻵ɴ̿͹һԺͦµ, һκĻ, ؼҵľ
Ҳǣ˼ұִúúõ, ѹҲ봩Խ, ˵зܻȥǰλŴô֪־ôأҲȥ˼ҵ˽һ˵ٰٰʲôãŴ̿, һѵܺԩܻȥ, Ҫ
κҲµѡֱӻȥĿԸȥȷºãƼˮ꣬ƽཻһ£¹ܾôཻ, Ӵ˻ƽá
Ҳ, ֱӸиһǮŮ⡰ݡصԼȥ
ǰ̿νǸɴ䣬ؽ⡣
鷳һ, ʵǻʹǸŮ䡣

ڻʹ󣬵Ȼܺԭһ, ̾뵽ҪװŪ, ֲǾǸʵ, û£ֱӾͷԸҹץѹһġ
κܿ촦˰ԺҲû飬ָϵ˻ʹݼ
ʱ㣬ҲѾһҹˣʹҪƱ硱СС̡
κºͬȻˡ
ԭǵʱ򡭡
Ҫ¶ȻҲϵ׳ɣʵҲæúܣʮǰ¼ǲˣֱκ裬ĺôԪعô롣
κʾѾ߰񣬶㣬µ˼ҲǸѡ
ȻŮûжŮôõƢġ
׹ȻҪԭȺ嶼̫޴ˣҲСȷʵھ˺ܶ˲ݵ£Ҳ˺ܶˣ˵һ񶾡ȫûԩġ
ԭٶ࣬ҲʲôûüҪ˵ʲôû͸ŮһĴĶԲԸ⡣
ǣǰ·
һֱӴ
ڶһӣ
ԼѡȡִĵƱ
ǵģŮǱߵĿ԰ͣߵȥԼǮ
ݾ飬Ҳͻʮ꣬ȴ300㡪Ԫع100㡣
ҲûʲôֵģΪŮ䣬ԭôҲǸСbossˣıûУ˭˵²ļأ
СbossҲеˡ
ŮȥִΪһСǧǱʵǲҪʲôɱġеշȴҲ1000ҡ
һ£˵ó100100˲ܻͬԺκǩԼôҲøǮ
ѡһϲ
ǸҰĵŮˣ󹬷ƣϧûװŮҲвͨǰѡѹͲ˵ѡ񡭡
ֻܲʲԸأѡ˻ȥ
׻ǩԼѡ񸶳100ˣȻаߡ
ŮŮ䶼ظԺκҲãҲգȻ˿
ţκһҲûԥһӦҪʰĶʰе㽹صһҹڵڶһ磬Ȳжȥ
Ҫȥҵˣ


402 
ڸκϢ, ԪҲص˱
Ԫ֪ǿҲҪ𣬾ٻһˮ, ¶Ļ
ˮֳ顣
һκ賯ĵַȥ龰һԪعڰϿɨħ龰
;, κȾæŸ·, ʵǸˣһǡħɱ˻߳, Ҳͣ¸·Ѹٽħɱ£ʬ, ټ·
ȻٶҲ൱ģһ˫, ÿһȶ, ɳԶ

ԪعǶԽħġ
½ʲô˼ǱԵڣĬӡģԱ߸һ֣Ե̫ôЩ
Ǹɴ˵ԼǷֿж, Խħ, Ҳ÷ɱԼն, ڻһ˲㡣
ֻǣԪع˷ֿж, Լɱ˳ú, һɱþ, ϰԵؼԱ˵仰ʱ, ȴԱûˡ
е, ֮࣬ôįĸо
뷨һԪعĶûͣȵ󣬱˾žŰʮһȣÿһѶǳͬȺĺ÷ʽ
һתûһΧ뼸ֻħȫɨɾ
ħǵȻҲǼͬǻ۵ģҲͷ˵ָ֮¾ۼɱֻǱϾƷ׵Ĳ⣬ɻǱѹɱ
Ԫعɱֱе㷢飬׼ҸطϢһµʱ
ͻȻ䣬һƳһĹӸ߿кХ˳ԪعΧɨһȦһɨ֮£Ǳ⡰ģȫǿҵ֮¡
ԪعһѸϳ𣿡
гκ֡
ȻߴеӢ佫ѸԪعߣϴЦݵ˵£ɣǰˡ
Ԫعκ裬´Щ糾֮ɫЦЦ˵ɱˣãȥԱϢһҲҽǱĴ
κɫһ࣬˵ǡ
˾ȥԱߵһ֣ħǱʹ򲻹Ԫعۼ˸ϢǿʢģĻŵȻҲ͸Ͻˡ
Ԫع˸طţ͵κظ
κһһʮؿʼ

ˮ￴⣬üԪˮˡ
Ԫع½ѾҪһԶԪعԭκ֮Ҳе㲻岻ġ
ˣ⼸ֶ˲ٽ鶨ģԽҲжˡ
ЦЦֱӸԪع˸ԡ
[磺֣κҲסɡұпշκס]
ʱһұһ
಻棬пռ䡣
ĬĬԼ˸ޡ
Ԫĺ󾱡ס¥ϣͬǻ档

дˣǱҲдǵĿˡ
͸ܵӵ࣬ͬϸ汾ĵͼܹЧʵؽħ顪Ҳ˫ӮǣǵȻҲǺܸ˵ġĵһν𣬾ϺҲǰ͹ȥ
ϵǻ֮䲻̫죬ʵҲУԲûһסھϵıҲ֪ǵԸذźüסĵطбƽ㣬סҲǴͬס
Ǳߵ£Ҳû
ֵߣⲿǱ߲ǽӴ͵Ĵͷ


403 Ӵ
ⰮΪⲿŵĲ, еҲܽܣڻʼʱ򣬾Ѿ̳ϱԼݡ
Ǹ, Ⱞ˵Ƭ, Ҳͬⲿйӵſ߸Ŀ˵ӰϡųƺⲿŮʿԱ֮ġҲⲿܲ͸طֲľַ, һЩ򵥵Ľ, пǹȥԺˡ
ҲΪ, ;ϵ, п˹Ҫ뷽, ĻȥⲿŵˡȻҲֱӴպһСȺⰮȥ, ҲⰮΪ˽ĺѵġ
ڻʼĵ, ⰮͬΪ˵ſ븱ǿǸʱѾӵ˺ܶ˽, ҲѾӼпˣѾǡ
ⲿæ˽Ӵ, ָ˰š
ܶԸμλˣʵƷʲôΣⰮҵطǰסκγκʡݶǡ
˵ԭҲͦ¶
˵ĿǰʧѾǳ, ճķ, Ҳǳˡ
Ϊе, ǿʵײ

ⲿܲҡ
Һܴ, ǰͶռһǽڷӳǵֵòСԱֲϡ
ھһ, ֺܶΪгеŲм䰲һų߸԰˶ʮλӡ
˺ܶ, ˮƵĻؽ˳ƶߵ˿ȡ͡
УõĶŨġͬƷ׵ʳƷ״ﵽĽס
Ͷǰ棬Ⱞһһн⡣
߲ûһʮˣźصġԲͬķΡ
Щ˸˵ĸоҲˣʱȽ⡣

һˣһһʶǿ󣬲Ȼһˣ˵ʱҲ˲ʣǺܺùͨġ
˶ӿʮ꣬ޱ飬Ӣʺ䣬úһʯҲûʲô̧ۿͶʱҲͬûκ仯һ˵ĸоҲ̸׽ȴҲ˱ܶԶ֮
һòȴ˺ӵˣŮͶǺģżƳԼļʱֹԵúܴ顪һӰʹʮϰʮƵġ
бĿ꣬߸Ÿ߳һͷˣ˿ûɸ߸Ӿе㺩ʱʱѵ֮ʲôѹϵʦ
ǿ˴ģġСɫƤһġһѪġ⺷ġէһͨͨġӢġ
Щ˲̬⣬һЩѹεġ
ͱſһλϵſλϵĺɫϣλϵСӣԼͬſŵĲͬƷֵСеǰԼηŴ󵽸ˣеǰСԼƵġ

ⰮְؽˣڳĿǼȻϹǵȻҲȥˡԺⰮȻһٷʳﶼ׼÷ˡ󲿷˻Ǹӣֻܰȥɻһм뿪ʱⰮҲûȰ衣
˫򵥵һٷ˽󣬿ٸҪֿжⰮȻȫԼǡ
Ҳ׷ж
ĺڰ죬ӭ˸ָǿҴ


404 ɱӰ
, Lʡ
ⲿŷֲڶжӣΪ׵ĶӳһλʵڶжεߣԾ, ҲӾѡ൱ĺֽѵ, һħ, ĶԱ˺ܶ, Ҳ˸, еħֻиࡣ
һ, ԾɴĶԱ, ȡ˹
³ֵĺڰ, ϱعħ, Ƿֲǿһڰϸļֻħģֲеֲ, ڿԽСӲࡣΪʵǿģʲҪ
ֻ, ǳΣա
֪³ֵĵħټԶԶʵħ飬شСӹȥ, ļʺܵ͡
̸ȥ, ڰԺ, ħǾͻɱĳСǾֻһ߳, ȴǳ࣬ʹвǿ, ҲԵֿ
ǰ֣صظԱ˵
ûκһԱ, ǵĳܹѵǱĸǣȴ
ǣĶԱǣپͽԸͽħСӣһƺƵسٶȸĺڰ죡

ʵ֤ľϲܶȴʵôƴҲûõġ
³ֵĺڰϵħĿȽƲĸ࣬ħҲֻͷǳԤͷ
ԼͬеСӡҲɶǿɵСӣֱһͷħ飬ͼܽɱ
Ȼͷħ鶼ͨںڰϵսʺǣû϶ã˽ԼǸС⣬СӶɿرģ̶ʱкüˣСӵԱֵơ
ȻսǳḻȴҲ˲ԱߣԼСӵĶԱȥΧɱǰͷħ飬Ѿķ˼Ѫ
ңѾǳڣɶǿɵĸħɱСӣҲְֻܼСʱѡ
ּӺ󣬽ԼСҲжԱħԣش
ĶǺܳȣɫѾһ˿ɫ
첻ˡ
ټʱĸСӵĶӳ˾
׼ѰʱȺԱɱħ飡
ͬģʹۼܶͬҲûгֵġֲмӵܵλǿҲ¶ɫ
Ƕһۣᣬ׿쵽Լʱˡ
ӵܵǿǴ̿ͣڹΣյĴУÿÿһͬСǰ۷ʲô¶֣ܳһСȺԱȴûܽǵĶ֡ħɱʱͱħ˻߲עʱץסᣬٶȽͻϮ
ûߣרŲġ
Ҳ벹ɹʧܣҲмΣգħ鷴ɱ

ᣬСӵ˼ޡ
޵˼ǣһСгˣѾûмĵıҪ
ֵܼڻûмԱǶɱĥ´Ĭˡ
ڣֻһ
ҪѣһСӶԱϵȻǣǵٶҲһһ
һ룬ϵĿʼƣ˵Ͱǵۼһ𣬲γһĽѸɱħ룡
Ƕݵģ಻ᳬ롣
ӣҪ
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һεƷɳȥһԱɨǵ˲ȴˣ


405 ɣ꣩
ըǿȴСӳԱһ⡱, ʶѰԴѵ츳ͨħֹģֻǣߵġߴϣǰߵĻ, ǿֻоˡ
ҪѰԴ, Ϊһ, ǱСӳԱΧסһͷħ, ٿȻһ˿߲ס, Ȼޱ˳ء˿ߺжƵ
ˡ
ͬһʱ, һͷΧסħ߳һ, һȭ, ħԴͱ˲ʱ򱬡
֮һӰȥ˵ֻΧסħ, һ˿վħĲһȦ, ֮иǸһħԴһ˽С, ٶȺһȭһͷħҲͷ
ˣÿɱֻħ飬Ϊǵٶʵ̫죬ҲûһӡΪСӳԱǵԱֹ, ͷħ鶼ָ, ûӦ, ͱɡ˸ֱӸɵˡ
ʱ, ǲſ˵ò
̬޳ˣһǷǳȻ, һ⣬źͨзǶų, Ƥûվһ𣬿ɿͺܡرĬرһӡĸо
Ҳ˵һӡһ·ˡҲС
ˣһСӳԱסһ֮࣬ҲܸмֻǸм֮࣬־ͦġ˵Ŀǰǿ߶Ǵʶģѵ½𣿿ô׸ɵħģҲжϵǿˡͺеԲϡ
ɻɻ󣬽廹Ѹٰͬټǰȥ˵л
лλľ֮
˶һۡ
ȻǸ΢΢һЦÿǴܲⲿǹһڰ죬λȥ˰ɣ£ǾͿˡ
ˣеɡ
һڰϵħ൱࣬ȻûˣɻôӴ֣˹ˣǿ԰æġ
ȻͿһ˴ӶһֻĴָôСӣȻСһףСӾڸ߿У³һ޴ͭӵӰסڰ졣
ڰϺܶҪⷢչħ飬ȫӰڲӲˡ
˵£еǿȷʵһ˹һڰ죬ǵĹ׺ܾˣԿԴܲһϡٵıһӰѺڰɹµħû뿪ǿ߾ͿԴڵħ鶼ɱ⡣
ǿʵˣıϧ٣һҪĹҲ̫ˣڳ˼ǿߣųԱ޷һ
ȻôϵħֻˣֻҪһʱ䣬λ׵һ֣Ȼ԰ħȫҳɱ
ҲͲϻˣûʲôλɱֵ˼ֱٴεлʹŶ뿪ˡǰɣȻûʲôʣô֮ǸϽöˣ˺ԺǻҪ

ͻȻֵģǸտ̫Ǽϡ
μ˸Ⱦ߻Լںʱܵ޳Ҳʵǲĥ£ڿνǾ鼫ḻħ飬ڻ¡
ڽ뿪ԺҲûһжһһҡ
ϵڷǳ׽ЩʱҲϲһЩϷ
ͱڡ
̫ǼЦ˵֣һ˭ħ࣬Σ
˵á
̫Ǽһü˵ͣ
Ͽһۣһȥǧ磬ҸǮ
̫ǼӦһǾ˵ˡ
ϣ˵ˡ
ţ˶ת˾磬ٵسͬȥ
ǵؼУħ鶼ٵرɱˡ

Ƶ·ڻܶ
ֲܶĳԱԼڸħɱʱͻȻǿߡ
⣬ǣװַ͡ʹõļİֹŹ֡ʵ컨塭ԼеĴŴžͲ˵״ˡ
ȻֲԱҲû̫⣬͹죬ںܶǿ߶죻˾Ͳ£ںܶ಻˵Ҳϵ顣ֻǰɣеķֲԱڼʱЩİ׸ģеķֲԱüңĿ⾭һս԰Ѷָ㶨ͱغˡеơ
˵İ׵ĳ֣ס˺ܶ˵Щǳ̵ĺڰǣȻڶ̶̵ļЩİƽʮ
ٶȣʵ̫ˣҲ̫ˡ

еĿѸٴӲͬõ׼ȷϣٽ벻ͬʡݣߵЧʹ졣еֱӸⲿźڶԷµĺڰʱϢֱӰϹȥ
Чʣǳߡ
ǹ͸ͬ
ȽϷɢСȣȻһϣ绪ô׼ȷ
ҲȻģܶǵعϡ˿ڱϳֵĺڰϵۼϣֿħǼѵöġҲһЩҵ˿ܶȴ󣬿ǵԴԶԶȲϸĻʹӻԴҲΪ·;ңԶƵǿĿȻȲ
ȻôȥĻҲ˶Ҳγȶ״ֻ̬Ǻ֮ܶ䶼Զ֮ܶڰ뱻ħռĳУǻ๵ͨҲԼѣΪħں϶³İϢŨ񣬸Ϻܶźţ֮ϵҲѡвͬûһͳһȨ֮ĺô˳ͬо¿ƼҲδƣһͨ˳һֲ˳
ǵִĿһǾͽѰҺڰ죬ҵһ͹һܹͨ͹ͨصǾ͸ɴ಻ͨƾɱ־ˡ
Ϊͨе൱࣬˳ƵĿҲԾǺܴӹеõϣɼܲסǱߵĺڰܼܶʱҲ̫࣬ôçȥɱ
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е鶼ɫ㣬ħɺɫ㣬ر鲼ÿһСٵпǣӰǳڲͬķԾ
翴
ʮ֮һôĲֿͬڷкֱײĺɫ㶼ĳײϨ΢⣬ѻһԡ
̬ľϣźܶħвϵشÿһδ󣬶дĺɫʧǷʧǵĿУɣ
Цò˾УŶжŮĸ˷ֲͬһĸλʩչؼѹÿһγֶĨĺϵ΢⡣
кڰ׳ĿŸ߻ĥĥӢˣֱӴӷĶ߶ߣȻӢ˾Ͳٻȥһɨ˴ĺ⡣ڰ׳˦ÿһɨ
Ȼľ޴Ѹβɨ֮䣬ⶼʧˡȴɨһּسһ飬ٶظԵغɨҲûƣ
ɱ⼫صӾӸ£Ůټʮˣɫ鶼ռˣɨ⣬ɨٶȷɿ졣
мžͻ׵ѪˣϿ³ǿĻɨΧĺɫ㡣һƬ˴򿪻ǻһˣһӱΧ˸ϽٻһȻףҲĿİظЩս
з·µŮжɫ㲻ܽƬ
ʹǿؼͦӣɨͬһеĺ⣬һʱ˿һʱ˿죬ƺڹͬƺڱ˴档
ĬǳļػĻϣͶ֮䶼ɱƬ⡣
̬갤ŸߴĽһͬɨ⡣ͬһɫУʮŮǿ߷ֱ飬ڲͬս
кܶ಻̬ͬ飬Ʃ͵󡢺ͻȣԭθڲͬսϣݵŮŮҲڸɱнʬܡѪ˵òͬսݡѤġؼħܻĹ⻪ڲͬĺɫҫ
½ϵģкܶɫķ/Բ鱻͵̤ͬиβǿߣˣû˹Уĺɫ㶼ڻǿĺ֮У
Ҳޱİˣһ·ƿسĳЩϵĺɫ㵹˺ɢɫ㡣Ȼ̧ƿڣĺɫ㣬ƿ˽ȥ
бȺɫӴľ޹꣬Ǳ뺣֮Уɫ֮£ȻϷһţǺɫ鱻Ʒĺɫںˮ֮ڣֻ߱Ǿ޹͵һɫ븹С
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