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ڷǣʱ֪оʲôҩҩһҲ֪ЩҩǸ˿ҲǸ򵼣ȴܰڱҽС

ʱ걾˵˺ڷۣԼ׺һ䣬·ȫԼƵġ

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˿ˣʲôҷԼʱȻʱ磬

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ԽСVsڱԪ˧


ݱǩ ǿǿ Խʱ  Ǽ
ؼ֣ǣʱ꣬½ͥ  ǣѦ٣Ի꿣ɣ¾Ѧ  ڱ򵼣ޣˣ

һ仰飺Ǽǿ򵼡

⣺ԶУţңδǰ







 1 


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ʱ곰ĿȺˣҲԭףģôѶŶ

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ûë˵һڵģֲϹܿ㣿
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 2 


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ˡʱ룬ɣ

Ҫ½ĸߣ𵱻ԭƵĺ۸֪Ϊʲô졣

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 3 


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һʮһ»һʮء

ôһ룬øлȻòô˭ϲ½Ԫ˧
ϰ󷽡

 4 


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ʱȫЩĿ⣬һ·˽ҡ

Ҳ飬ȥʱ̸飬˵˿ʱˣ״̬ǰãȫǾʧĴ

ʲôһάɿҶˣƻֳٺ˾Ҳסô顣
ˣ˵ǰ滹һʱڳƵ㿴ô

ˣûü棬ͱɾˡ˵ʱ껨ʮ򣬲У԰̳ڳǸƵ

ļٵģѧʮһʲСʽġ

ġʱҵԼλ£˳ڻش

̸۵ͬѧէһ˻شһûӦ˭תͷ˲仰Ѿѿڶֵܣ֪顭ʱʱꣿ

ҡʱһ£˵Ҫ˵Ҳûģ̳Աܸ൱Ѹ٣Һô

ͬѧ

ʱѾתͷȥоˡ

ǴģͨͶţαͼǵıʼǶ档
һѧʱ겻ǳϿ֮ǰץʱϤһ£õʱæҡ

ԭѧҩѧʱǰûŰСҲʱѧ
Ȼ߲ͬôҩЩͨټԭļ䣬ǿʦʲô

һŬѧϰȴ˶ˡ

ʱ껹Ǹѧϰʱֶ꣬ӰžǱúÿǮҲˡ

ٿһὣ춼ֱˡ

ϣ⵽˭˦˭

Sѧ׻ϡ٣ѧУԵвԲзһֱΪһ˵˭žĵء
⻹û˰˵Խ˵Խˣһŭ롣

Ⱥ˿Ͳܸô

Ⱥѵһû٣һܾñڳЦǣῴ̳ĵʱ״ˡ
ƫƫǻȥ˽¡

Ҫʲôѵ˵Ϊ̫ˣΪǸƨ

⻰˵˺òá

͵һǵ״̬̫ã˺üѵʦѵ

һøݣˡ

òװ¿Σһһѧ¥Ƽ˻֦չʱꡣ

ʱվһôȼһήġ
Ⱥ˲ԼʶʲôƼʱҲΪ˸ּһύģ޾ɺá

һ

ߡһ˵ǹȥѵóһ

ʱ߳һ¡ǸҩѧǱߵԻ꿣ѡ
һ·Խǣʱꡣ

˼ȾˡԻһָߵڱܵ¾ߣһȥԷ

ʱ˵䣬ͬһˡ
ˣ
ˣ

ʣ¼һήȺһŵĴ
ãҧгݵô£

Ȼʱ꽻ˡ

Ի꿾ǽȥϿʱʱһλȻʱ걾ץеΣʱϲǺԼ˸緹

ڵȼһὣȫȺˡ

Թ緹нڿҪʵҵġ

ʱֻҺңԭļʵҵģƾųɫѧϰӲĳŹڿû⡣

һҩ⻹ͦ˼ġ

һ£ҪһԼʵңҪǮ

ǵö׬Ǯ

Ŀǰûϣˣʱ棬ִ򱦣ȥ˸ܣ͵˱

ܱǸһЩõģʱһͩģġ
ȻôˣǿֻСˡ

ص󣬱Ľųȥ

һع˽ѧ֪ʶһñԺӷȥ˾һѡ
Ȼ䡭

½ͥʱʱûĳšá

һͣ£Ǳʹ˽˵ȻѡòУ
Ѧ̲סӵ޵ģ೪ȽϺȻġ

һǰһĽݣ㲻ˣϿ˹

ʱ˹ԣ½ͥһ̧°ָϵı塣
ޣǱߣˡ

½ͥ
Ѧٸɿһ¶ô£ôһ˵ܾá

ܾˣÿˡʱ
ˣƵллˡ

ѦҪ˵ְڲлʱһѾˣ
ɵò´л㡣

ѦѦ٣

 5 


Ҫ˵ԭ飬һλԵɺϡ
ǰǰˣԵǳ׮ֲϮ½ͥڸɱƽҡ

ʱһηżٻؼҵԭʱԭܵţҲ档

ҲΪǴΣǷԭֻǵʱ̫Ҳ̫ңûܵһʱ佫¡
Ҳһһֱʱǲйˡ

Ѧٱʱµ޻˵½ͥȴѾʵ֪ܰƽ

ʱҪ˵֪ȴͻȻԹȷûʹⷽ⣬ȷһгģ
ת˵ͷҵޣܲ˽ô

ôʱʡ

½ͥɣ

Ѧٶ֣ʱѾ׼õĹҳ棬ȥû׼ϲˡ

ԹҲû¥¶ֻͣ޸½ͥˡ

زͬʱͱ壬ʱ˵ʲôѵ顣
ʶǿ˵һٶͬʱǧǶ顣

ᣬʱ굱ڿֲϷõֶΣǿ
һߣꡣ

˶¥ȴûмŻңȥϷҡ

Ϸ˼Ϸգ󣬹ȫֻ֡ȴֶʮּ󷽵ģ֮ܶ
ϰǴ󷽣а

޶ż¥£ѦѦҲڿһ
ͩװ޼ֱһҲðɣ

Ԫ˧ҪҪ

½ͥһۣüͷ΢£ֻ˿ȸƺ̹ˣ
ȷŰɣ

С˴ӷѦٿʱ͵ˣĽƺڳѦû붪ȥ

ڹҲˣС˻Ǵɵ½ͥļ档

ãͬнӴ
С롣

½ͥһ£ƺûϵ῿ôһʱ֮Ǳߵļ򶼽סˡ

ֵ˵ʶʱƽʱģȫûߴյ˼

ѦҲˣʱԼ˵Ļ̻ȥ
ʱ꣬Ԫ˧뷨ġ

˵Ԫ˧òʵʵɾͣĸǲᶯĵġ

ȻʱЩȫȻ֪С˼צµļˣһ̫С֡

÷ˣô˼վô
ǵġ

ѾϷգһȫϢϷ

ǼȫϢϷܶ࣬սģģʳ໹йŷȵȶࡣ
ԭһϲһʳϷΪʵвܵܣϷ񫡣

ʱ֮Ȼ˹ԣõĻݿһϷĬϾͽһ

ֵĵطԭߵĵطһ֮ϡ
˿Ϸǻƻ裬֮ʱطֱǾ۵ס

Ǻ𺳣ϾʱнʲôˣҲͲô档
еֶΣǻþȴͬþܸͬоõþ˱𣬵ﲻᡣ

Ҳģչᡯȥ

ûгģΪ˴˫¡
Ȼ󡭡ˤˡ
Ϸ˻㣬ǰʼϵʲô

˼飬˼氮
ŲһС
ֻһΣӦϧ


ǵɵôǾòһ

֮һپȰ˲Ҫ֮ʱ˶ˡ
òܴӵˣ¼ֱжԶͶԶ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ϷҲǳɹˡ

ʳϷ˷羰֮⣬ʳҲ١
ȫϢ˲֡

һ·ϣʱ꿴ܶڳԶ

Ҳˡ

ʳҪϷҵģϷҪֵʱ˵ϿԼȳһ򣬾ʳֽˡ

һѵĶ߲ԶŮ򵼣졣

ҼǿӰƽװһ˹˹ĵģһȫ¶ˡ

Ҫ˵ͨĽأ֮һһһ˫ûܡ֮ǰװҲð뷨ȫ¶ûˣѶȶ˲֪١

⵹ġ
ʱԭⷽڱ֮ϻоϣ֮˫ͺѷֿˣһȥһܵӰ졣

Ա˻˵һҾˣˣƫһǲ֪Ƿֱ

ȵȡ
ʱͻȻﲻ̫ԡ

޷Ӧһʵ뷨ǡ
¥£壬ޣȥ׽½ͥ˼Ҽ棬Ż𽵹Ĵչȥ˲˼ҵ

˲䣬ʱ˶ˡ

òϣҲˣﲻ˵һע⣬ֱȥЩ½ͥĻ
Ȼһ룬Ͻɿɿ

٣
ʱ໰ⶼʲô趨

ʲôʱ˶ˣûָˡԣ޲ǵĶ⡭

ЩڿֲϷʱ˵̫ʵӡԾ˲٣ȻЩи߼Ҳȥ
˭룬׻û˼ҵģء

Ÿиһֳôһ

Ķܲ½ͥͽ١
½ͥ˿˶ѹļʣ¥ϸʲô

ͻȻ˾Ƶġ

Ѧ̧ͷ¥壬ܿõ¥ڸʲô
ܸʲôڲʮְȫģôأ

򵼵ĵССˣӹƸСѦֻܵ

½ͥѺͬϵʮ¸һ顣

ѦٵӦ

ʱ룬ʮʲô
ʶǿ󣬼ͬѰת˲ԺнǾ仰˳дǣԹ顣

ޣ

סûñԣȴϷסˣһһ·С¥

ԩ˭أʱ½ͥҪǾЧãһȥ
ҳʱûӦأҲûӦ

Ѧٳ˳ǣ˵ûôᵹһҵģ⻹ǵĴˣ

ʱʵǰ軹ǻˣҡҵޱȥô

½ͥðģſڣ
ŶҶֱޣ

ʱ꣺
Ҳ̫ʡ

ֻԥһ˲ǸȥҲаǷӦǲ˰ɣȴûжҡҵͣϣһĻء

Ѧټֱɵˡ

𵱳ղ鵽ʱʱǻ룬۸޻ǽ˿ȸ᲻˾Ԫ˧ڽݲؽ
ˣھԲˡ

СǸСڡ

Сһ˲ŵͷ㵽ϰ壬ǮǴүεˣԺע⡣

ѦپԼԪ˧ҪЦˡ
Ŷ½ͥô˵ҵĴˣ

ʱҡͷ

Ѧ˵ôԪ˧ĴǱһѾˣϰǲдģдҲЩ򹤵ˡ
ʱһֲѧģΪۣʱˡ
Լ̡

ǰѦٲ˵ˣ⻰Ǳ̨ʣ¶Ԫ˧ĴֻǮĴүûԣ

죡
ͷĽ˿ȸôҰô

 6 


ѦپãԼԪ˧Գûô顣

ƫĳСڰд˵꾶¥ˡ
޵ţͼֻС˿ȸչ˷ɣͣ˾ԼԪ˧һԶλá

СԴ˳һˣˡȻһףˡ

Ѧ٣
ǸԪ˧

½̧ͥüģˣԼľáȵȣͻȻ֣ľתñԤеҪ죡

ǰʱ֮ʱ½ͥ˲ⷽϡ
ȷֻر٣һǧǰԻѾûʲô֪ˡϸϣԱȹԼڵҲֻܶϼꡣ

ڣ
ԶԶԤеĺõĶ࣬һ˳

Ԫ˧ѦٴϵʱǱߣҪҪ

½ͥıԸ񣿡

Ѧܰ
»һڣʱ
˼ҶԪ˧ģһɶ

ͷʱ̸̸ʵڲеĻ½ͥյŰɣ
͵һƢŹֵҽˡ

ѦΪ٣ΪٷĹ
룬һ⣬ҪԿ۹ʣ

ͼ⻰ųڣǱߡ˿ȸ͵˹
ѦٵʱǸʲô顣

½ͥãָĶ˼ɡ
ˣܹҲûǮ

˲䣬ȥС˸ˣľ˲ƽ˲١
ʱ˦һ㶮¡ֿצλ

Ѧ̲ס૵ޣҲ̫ˡ
ֱһD򵼵ޡ

¥ʱΪ⻰רŲһⷽϡЩȼߵڱ޽أ˵ȫԡ
ʱ¶޴ôˡ

Ȼ¥ѦҲ͸пôһ䣬û浱ϡ¶

ʱ»صϷգǰǸȸɹԼɵĴµʳϷѾⱲӶˡ
ȥսϷмһȻ˸žͽȥˡ

˴ҹϷڶճȥѧ

һ·Ϳߵļһὡ

ϸ˵һὲڿʱ֪ܷ꣬ʱꡣ
ֻܷһǳҹṻţʮ͵ķ߻ӭһήȻҲ⣬Ƽ˱̲ס࿴ۡ

Ҳ뿴һ˭ܹʻһܷѧ

˭룬Ļʱꡣ

ȻѾ˵һʱţβǿһֻ˶Ǯһὶûһ𾪡

ʱ겻ǳԱԵôôܿķ

Ȼʱ·ùסģڸҵġ

㡭һ˵ʲôȻʱ÷ͷˡ

һὣ
һήʱˡ

ʱˣķ֣Էôɴʹ죬ǰĸ鶼ǼٵģҲʮֵĲ
ûע⵽бͬѧҲһȫ

ܿģ̳ըˡ
⣺Ҷһʯ̳гĳһ

һг㣬˯涼ûˡ
һȺ˶ʱӿ˽ȻӾͶһѵۡ

ѧУĩλǰļУԴ㣬A¶һһAǸ񼶱ģS
͸˹עһάҲֹע

ҪĲ֡

һȡ֡

˭֪Ҳʶ뵽ľǱɿһ⣬Щһ

ʱ꣬һή㿪һͿ磺

˵ڿʱ껹ͦÿģҲɰ׼һήΪʲôῴˡ

ע⵽ڵôǽһšһϲһȽҶƣֱˡ

ѵؼǮô·ãǷɲ׾õġ

Ҷˮˣƾʲôڳȴûʱꡣ

һҧгݣʱꡣ
ʱôܻͻȻôǮǽôʱ䣬ôͲ֪

Ƽģʱ꣬ȴͬȫͬǰҫ۵
˵ǲǱ˰ˡ

ʱȺҲǣǱôǮнں濴ţܲҼ磬ǰôϲ硣

ǣеһѾȿ磺ˣͻȻǮǱ˰˰ɣǰʲô˭֪

ʱڵһʱ֪飬Ϊ̳Աϵˣô

ʱ꣺㿴񱻰׳ա
IDǼһߵĺѰɣѹˣҪҲڱ˺浱
ˣˣһҪУҲһAѧУľɹһУͶУġ

ζԻܿ챻̳Ա˳˵ʱ͡

ôо˵úеӡ

˵ҵʱĻγɼʵǹģꡣ

⻰ɸһֱעһеļһ˸ᡣ

ƫǻ˵ͣᵽȴһַӦ
ʱЦҲЦҪ쿴˰ˡûڵʱô·ͻȻ˸ˣʣƣ˵ûʲôϡĳҶš

ӣ˭ұһҹܱҵԸǰǲǹװ

Ǯ˵뷨²͸˵ѧУǮ˲ٰɣид˵ʵ׸ԼҵСôƽʱҲܵ͵ۡ

ӵﻰˣʼѧУļλǮ˼ҵĶǡ

һὣ
һҹԣͦģûá

Ӳ¿˼¥֪ûŰ¡

ֻ˵
ǰֺĻ棬ҵʱַָôһģ룬ʹĵԳ˰ɣ

о˼ڣҲôɣ

һὺôҲSڱԺǰ;Ǯ͡ȵȣǰA˵᲻֪ʱǮԹ⡭ٵȵȣSͺôҪǱͽһУ˰ɡ

УӶڳĻ棬ʵڸоǰ;Ķ

һһѾûǣֱӽԸˡ

ʱ꣬ĹӣпԲоԲУɵĶǴ¡

ԭASĽǿĵطһӦջһѵķ˿ŶԡٿĪģû˾ܸ߸ϡ

͵ģһֺƣϡá

ЩʲôԻ˵ֻҪSģУͻֻҪɼڵЩŶʲô

ʱ굱Ȼ֪
ֻǣƾ˰ɣ
ԲеܶɧĻˣ˵ġ

Ի̧ͷһۣͬ꣬ԼֱƳλʱͬѧϵǵ

꣬Ȼۡ

 7 


ʵʱƲһὣϾ߹󣬺Ǹнߣû
һ½ͥţһͬ½ͥһȡ

һսʮ궼Ѿ˫SˡһǵƲȥںһȦսǻٵһꡣ

ǲȲ֪һȲܿ
͸ʵˡ

˵

˵ǵΪʲô֡ĵ죬һͬѧ̲סչ

ʱ꿴һۣǸŲ漾һأͽװ¹¶˳
ǰǲ֪Ҫ֪˭ܸһ𡣡

⵹˵ԭҲ˼

Ͼԭ飬ԭ̵ġ
ʱԻһ£ܸܵõʱԭ֪жݡ

õϢͬѧѾȥĴˡ
ǴŰһὴС

ǹƣа¹⣬ˣϻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀʱء

ʱлڰ칫ﱻʦԼ̸

һὣ飬ѧУʧ
ǶѧҪ󣬲ڳɼƷ˵ɵⶼʲô¶

㣿ָô󣬻ݽ𣿡

һɫѿȴȻֻܵʦⶼֻᡣ

˵ᣬ飬Ժٷ
ʦҲ룬ڵʣֻҪŬԺҪھӵһϯ֮ضѣαҪʧԶֻǰ㶫ء

ʦɸֵ˵˰Σڷ뿪
Լ૵ڵѧԽԽˡ

˵ţͷУ԰ֿ̳ˣǸһйء
ظݣ¹⣬ֱ°ܻΪˡ

򿪹ԣ֪ͨûԶļһὣһİ칫ҡ

һôʦ͵û֪˭֪ʱɫһαһѿ

ûңʱԻ꿵˵һ⼸ѵر棬Զǰ

ʱҲû¶
һʱҩѧԽȻݡ

Ҫ˵ħץס顣
ʱûٱιϡŹֵҩݣжûģʽС
ûܣܹĿǰܵġǶξ˵鳢ٲݶٵģҩݵ˽⣬ܱȡ

ţʱԹڵҩͷ򡭡

Ի꿸Ͻסʲô

Чʱ˵
ͷ𣬳һ֪

ͼԻһһѾΪʲôǱߵ
쳢ʲô뷨
㲻¶Լô

ʱ꣺ԼҩܶҲɡ

ԻһĨǰôûô
ԼҩͶԼôҧԼһڶпܰԼҩԼˣ

ȴ֪ʱ£Ƿˣڷ˻ôһգһĶַӾ͵Ъˡ

Ի꿵Ŀ£ǽҩŵȥ⡣

Ĳʱۣͬǰζࡣ
ԻҲ˽̲סǰɼͲηִ󳹴򣬸һ
ԭֻôҪҲָԡ

һʱĸ飬˫ҳҲͬĻԼҪһַ֣ǱϾ͵ַ죬Ъġ

ʱĽȻʦ
ʱǵıʾûʲôûʲôС˼

ͬѧǼ⸱ģԽǰʶһٵʱꡣ
ͻȻˣôͬ˽˭˵䣬Ʋһ˿Ӱӡ

ѧУﱾܶϲһήģʱôͬ˽ôߵѲ̫ϲò䡣෴һίʱ굹ƾòԸ˴ҵϲ

Ҳ˿ʼעǰĳɼȷܺá

ǿɲʱԻ·ϣʱ˵һDѧУûҩУ

һᣬԵüһ̫ΣôߵľȴҲֻѧУ

һȣȥĲʱﲻȼһǿ
Ŭݣò

ǰΪʲôܾܲء

ǼһήЩѣ˵ʲôʱżһʲôġڻһ£ôȷǼһ׷ˡ

ȺˣһιĻ档

Ʒ̫Σʱ껹׷˼ң˼ҵ򵼵ʲôˣͷڱô

ʱ꣺
Ҳû뵽ܷչزΪԼһ̻صӡֵġ


ɢ˵ϢԻƺ֣ǽ͵ģҲûԩǣԼɵ¶ڲǱ˰ˡ

Щ£ϸû˷֣һᣬϸڷͱ¶ɡ

οһһǰҲǷ𣬱Ŀɹɶȫס

ʱ꣺ôģЧôá

ǮԻ꿵Ǯͣ¶˵䣬ʹˡ

ʱΪȻӵҲǿǮ

С޵
˶٣˵ټһֲǶԼҵСӡ

Ǵʮ·½ͥԱķػɾǴĳԪ˧ķһܳͬѧǾͶڲ˭ҵĹˡ
ɼԲ༫ΪƳļܡ

⻰ԻһһѾ
˵ô

ô½Ѿ͸ͬѧȫһƺƶǡ

飬ʱԻ꿳һٴͣȻ̵ļŷ˱
е½ͥȽļš

ϰһеҩʱѧӶҩ̲סͶ࿴ۡ
Ȼ߹ȥ˿

½ͥ滺ҺġǸõҪƿشΪС˿ȸڣʱȶûá

ʱ򿪸ӣš

ǼƷ滺Һ½ͥ

򵽵ĴƷƷģƷĶ١Ʒ滺ҺмУһֻӦ۹߲㡣

뵽ʱѧҩѧģȤ
ҪϲĻһƿȥо

˵ϲʱ̧ͷɫھȡ

ѦźЦСû뵽Ԫ˧ô󷽡ʱžͺһڣȻֵҪ⺦˵ʲô

һ£ѦϻûЦݽסˡ

Ǳڹϴ½ͥҲһ㶣
˵ʲô

˭ģͦã͸ּʵļҩһ˼ʮȻתͷֶʮ
ʱҡҡҩⶫպȽȥ϶תú󡭡޺ȴڰҩ뷨

Ѧٻ˻סɰͰ͵Ÿѧҩѧɣ

ʱֵĿѧôкûжûһһţٲгһ֪ô

Ѧ٣
½ͥϣѦ٣ҩȥǵ¼һ顣

 8 


Ѧҩ뿪ˣʣʱ½ͥˡ
½ͥʱ꣬ߺ⣬ø¥һӹӳԡ

ˣҰޡ

½ͥջȿڵǰҩ͹֮ǰѾ˼û⡣

ʱһ̯֣ǾͲ֪ˣҪǵֶβȽҪҲ⡣
ͷģԲд

ԴӵԺı߽ͬϵͬʱҲ޸ԭʡ

ȵľƤԭΪһЩԭмӣʱ֮ûˣʮְ۹⻬
ͷȵȻˣ

Źд

ʱһ߿Źӣһ߷ų壬ܵ½ͥš
ͷ½ͥɨȥʱͼһѹӱƬ֮һѵĹƤ˳ԼĽŹʡ

ԼСʳ½ͥҲ֪ѰྐྵӾûôģ˼Ҷһһŵ

ʱһһѵܿ㽫һ500gĹӸԹˡҲöɴָӻ¥ȥȡֱӰһȫǸּʳ

ֻҺĹֱӵĴӡ
ֲһʼྡ

ǰ¥ȥģϾΪ˵ȴ

½ͥͼһһһļ꣬ǱѾմӡ
һ׼ŹƤһ𶪵Ͱ

ʱ꣬ڲ

ӳԶ˻ᡭ½ͥ˵۾׽ʱǵ⣬ʱһ١

ֻǽصɫɵɨȻһƣһѵĹƤ
ྐྵӵ˲ſճʣӳԶ˻ô

½ͥɫջĿ⣬ϻ𡣡

Ŷʱ⡣
ţҪ㣬ھһɻơ

ֵһѾЩ˯ˡ

ȻѾ𽥷˻Ͼ廹˾Ҫ˯ʱ⼸Ϸ˯ʱٵÿ
ʱϷҲãһû¶ɣ˯ѰŻˡ

ڿɳϵͷ֮󣬱ôһӣ˯ˡ

깫½ͥ

½Ԫ˧һʱ䣬ʮ㣬һ硣ʱ겻˯ô磬Ͼһΰҹм³ţƼָӻ¥ȡ
ȵȡ
½ͥͻȻӦʲôϹԿһ¥ϷյʹȻ⼸켸һһĿš

Ҳѹ֣ǳԶ˯ţƤϹء

½Ԫ˧һӲûͷ˯ǿûΪĹ

½̧ͥڲá

ʱ޷Ӧ˯
һԵġ˿ȸͷһۣС۾λεĶɻ

ֻҲֻСʶǿΪô˵ɣ²ϢСһȻء
½ͥǱһж˹ȥ

Ȼ󿴵ԼǻŹƤ

ӰȻУС˷ɹȥó˹ƤȻɵ˻

½ͥ
û˯˻ôġ

˼ǰ鵽ϣԴˮֺʱͷ·һˡ
ʵҲ˵Ǳ䣬ֻǸǻصСʱģ

ڷԸͬ鵽Ĳͬʱ½ͥ²һ顣óۣǰûܴ̼ܴˣصСʱģˡ

Ͼ˵ʱϲ֪࣬ʱʮǰҲүӡֻʮͻʣŵ˱Եǣĸԡ
Ϊͥȶԭ֮£Ը֪ľͱˡһֱ֣ͬһ޵İ¹¼̼ˡ

գ½ͥƺö˯ѡ
˯ûӦС˵Ƕ˺üۣʲô衣

ѡڣ½ͥڣҪ˯¥ȥ˯

СκβÿԣֻǿӲİƣ۵廽ѣԺ˵˾䣺Ƚ
Ȼ۾˯ˡ

ģҪ½ͥߣװ˯ǰܳɹҪɸû˯ˡ

½Ԫ˧ûô죬¥ȥ˯
˺ĸֱ֣һӲķ

ʱ˵Щ˰Ч͡
⻰Ҳû׼ˡ쿴ǿѦ𾪲˼ģԼԷ꼶ˮƽɵĵǸˡŽ̵¥ԼˤϾ˯ˡ

趼ûϴ·Ҳû

½ͥüģ˵õʱͻЩ·أȫǴû

ʱϾû֪ϰжϻǸΨҶģ

һֱȵڶ糿˯һҹʱѦ˲Ż
ģӦһδ˯·Ҳûȥһˡ

ȴ࣬ˣʱ˵ġ

ոմ¥ʱ̵꣬ߵǰһľ̾벻˼졣
ǵģ˾ôţ

һͷȥ緹ˣѦһģ

½ͥɨŻ񣬸Ͻ㱨ͷμûʲô⣬ҵײģǱ˸ϸļ飬֣ȷʱ˵
Էõһ³ɷ֣ǰһֱûз֡

ҩǱѾˣѦٵõ˽Ͻ㱨

Ѧٳһ۲Ǳ߳ԶӰż˵һΣǶ
ݣȻDϵ۹Уˡ
ǣǸŮ򵼵Ķӡ

Ǳʱţ߳ˣô׼ΪСҵǸô

Ѧ٣
ѦѦϸɫ˼䣬Ȼû뵽

һԼԪ˧ȻһܵģֻøǰڵǸʵڲС㣬ôͳɷݵģüרҽһûܵһʱ䷢֡

ʱҧ˿ֵĳһۣҲҪ֪ʲôͳɷݣֻҪ֪ǶʲôЧˡ

Ѧ٣
ŵô

ѦΪͨ˲ţ޷ҩѧŵ磬ֻܸɰͰ͵Ŀʱɵȵţ̣ѱӶ˾ȥѧˡ
ߵûӰˣſڵ׼֪˲ţ֪᲻ڡ

½ͥʱҲ·ߣԶһ£
ܺ󲻺ڣѾˣô

ǸŮ־ʱӣԸһʱʹ֪ҲǸﲻɳӵġ
׼ҡǣ

 9 


ʱȫ֪֮ζԻſķѧУȻͣ³

ԩ·խǰļһײ˸š

һģʱǳæµÿѵ㣬ʦ˽ѵ
ѧﻹʱʱĴĶУӺЩ

Ǽһ̵ġ

ʱ꣬ǲǾͨٴնӺĹϵ

һð𣬾ôʱ곯Ȼ·Ǻ޹İһ㡣
Ҳ̲סһʵˣ

һͻȻ𣬰Ӻ޵˵û뵽ѣֳ˵кҲʱôϲʵڲ˺ҲԸ

ʱأʱô񶾣Ȼô鴫õǣʦƵƵ̸
ʱ겻ϲϲôôô

ǹģѣΪҾͻٴλصߡ

ˡʱͻȻ
̧ͷʱϵı龡ǲ˼죬㵽Ƕõһϲ㣿
˵ʵ֪һʲô¹ĴϷѹͬһ𡣲ʶ㣬ڵһμʱֱӾͰ̲һ

⣿
ʱüռģ֪⻰ʵķ·ɱ˷̺˼Ҽǲˡ
㣬⣬ԣ˱ɱѹôĵ̸ʲôӦǶӦõģȷţ˭ʶ㣬˭ûǻô

˵⻰ʱ̧һ
㽫Ƶһߣԭ·ͣ

¼һɫѿ

Զͬ·ͬѧ̲סۣʱ⻰˵ûͷӺ߻ܺǰҫ

Ҳǣ̳ϻԲ˵ʲôʱ̫ˣ׷Ųţʱżһ׷ôżһὸʲô¹һ׵ô

ǰû֣ʱ꾹Ȼôյһˡ

˧ᣬѪȣἾһὡ򡭡˵ţͻȻһά˻ڣĶʱϽźһͣ
ȻһıԹȵ磬һ὾ͬѧĴѾˡ

ʱ껹֪˿ܿΡ

ԭļܿξǺŪġ
Ͼҩϵ򵼣ȻսϵڱôֻʮȦԡ

˵ɻôܵʮȦĴβѾ¿ˡԻ꿲ı˱졣
˶ˡ

Աʱȴǰһ˾ɻ

ǰԻ˵УãԷսϵԺڶ㲻ϣֻڴʵѧرɡȻܴôһ̵ģôУ

ʱջĿ⣬Ŷ
ԭƺҲô¶ûˡ

ʦѾǱߵŴˣԤ

ʱĿǰ

ܡ
ͷ˾Ѿһ˳ȥԱߵԻֻüһڵĲӰʱ˶ɵˡ

ڵʦɵˡ

ٶȡ
ʦȻ֮ʱŭ˭˭ĸսϵĲúϿǲҪʦˡ

ʦһͬѧ̲סҼǵãԻԱվŵģǰģʱꡣ

ʦһ㶣˵˵ʱʲô֪ܲôô죬㻹˵ȵȣʱأ
ɨһȦڳĵȷûʱˡ
Ի꿣Ի꿣˵

Ի̿ˮҪҲŰ
ٶȡ
ʱꡣѾܹˣʦ㿴

ȻʱӭȻһĹι˵ĿѾʼܵڶȦˡ

ǿǧܵЩƽʱһȦôҲӰɣż仰Ĺ

ʦʱˣվסʱ꣬վסȻҲľͱߺ׷˹ȥ

ͬѧˣʦôˣ

ʱ̫ˡиͬѧ˵壬ôʮȦҪġ

ͼǱߣʦȻһ·û׷ˣҪ֪Ǹڱ
ֻܸ֯Ⱥڣס

ܵͬѧЩɵţֻԻ꿺ӦϽְ˽ŵĽܵߵʱץס

Ȼһ¾ͿˣȦʱѾʼ΢ķҲ

㲻ҪˣԻûס

Ǳʦ׷Ҳһˣʱ꣬ǲǣ
һָʱ꣬ö¡һȴȺڡˣȥҽңϽġ

ʱʾңûû¡

˻û£ɰʦˣ˵㷢ʲô裬㣬ôôȥսϵǱܣһڿθܶʮȦʺ㣡

ʱ꣺
û¶

޷Ǿԭ̫ˣָſƵȦܲˡװֻˣԡǷ˵ֺϷãԼͺˡ

ȻûһȺ˾ôҽңͽƲա

ʱ꣺
ã͵ɻˡ

˳ãϧʱ궼˵ƲεģԼ㶨ġ
ܼ֮ɡ

ֳ֮ô´ֻٷٶˡ
Ͳ̰ͼǵɻʱ䡣

ʦݺݵѵһ١

վܵ߶ϡ

ԵͬѧڰܣʵеĻں߰ܡֻվʦ

ʦҲ֪ǲרѧߵʦͻôĳƪ۵Ļ

ʱţûͦ˼ġ

ɳвйľ

ʱļЩǲˣϡ֪ʱԼΪܳ衣
ħľͲˣȻûʲôӡӿֲϷλаСҲн

ʱڽڣų裬ʲôҲᱻѵ඼ǰСҲ

СͻأǲʲôƪֱۣӱѹȻԼˣʱͻȻѧǵµĹƵġ
һЩõĿֲ棬һʲôԹʲôʲôԴ

Ի˵ʲô˵վǳԼһ㡣

ûȿĵĹ
оҲ

ǡ
ܲдǧֵļ͸ˡ

ֵ̫ȻҲûסܿȫУ֪ˡ
ϵ飬˵ǱһҪĸģ˴죬ͻȻˡ

һ὿ЩʱֱӴһɳΪ鷳һûע⣬

ʱ֪мı˱졣
Ȼű˵У˱

Ϊҩ飬½ͥú
ʱʱѾԹϴˡ¥һۣͶѦһϹ˵ı顣

ǰ»㻨ڣ˯²Ž˲ֱӡ

½ͥüͷҲԾһ£½Ԫ˧½Ԫ˧Ӳǵûֱӵߵüûü˵ҩ飬лˡ

лʱʹǮС

 10 


գ½ָͥʾѦٴǮ뵽ʡ

ʱ꿴ʻµǮ⡣
´飬Ұϰ壡

Ȼͻϲ¥ˡ

ûϹ۵˯£ѦپԼ۾õ˽š
ԼԪ˧һʱ֪˵˵ʱǶԷⰮǮģ
߻һ⣺Ҳ̫ˡ

֮ǰղʱʱΪп־ڵԸ񣬿סֲϰߣҲпܲ˼Ԫ˧ķʱǵȰŵ̫н
ڿֱ봩ȥ޵ʱǵԼһڡ

ʲôأн˼ڵúء

˵Ще鷳ʱǻṩһİҲõõӦ֣˼ء

½ͥҲǸүӦҲǱŵġ

ʮǰѦٻû½ͥߣ֪Ǹʱ顣
Ԫ˧ʱʱôŵô

֪½ͥ

Ѧ٣֪

½ͥµݸˣԼߵɳ£˹˸Ŀȣ
Ǹʱ춼ѵעЩС˼꣬͸治һȥˡһ룬Ȼƺûм棬߼ûӡˡ
СӵĻģҲ֪Ǹ͵Сӣôŵİɣ

Ѧ̲ס˳죬СţǰǹԹԵġ
ʱꡭ
Ԫ˧治ãֲǣǰһµô

ǲװģν

Ѧٸ½ͥҲмˣȴǵһμġС

뵱飬ʱĸ˵ȷˡ

Ѧᵽģ׼ҼСӣйһϲˡλ¹⵱޸˱ˣҲȢˡ
Ǹˣǽĸס

һԱԵǵŮ򵼣츳ǿڰ˹۹һУԼɫĳɼҵ
λ׼СӿϣȴΪλ¹ò

һֱûʲô֪ϾƣΪԸ⣬ʵէһ˭Ҳ첻̫ơ
ʱʮ꣬λ¹ɷȥҲЩ£һ겻ؼѰټޣʱĸס

;Ҳֳ飬ϸ޴ӵ֪Ѧٲ鵽ģмֵñȽϴĳ档
¹׼Ű¹⣬ȴҲȫӡ

Ͼڱ֮һϣҪֿף˫ܵСˡ

ʱĸȴǸģɷ򲻽ģƮƮϵҪʱꡣ

׼Сӱǲͬģ֮Ƕ˹ϵ㣬Ӱæ滺
ʱĸʮּڱ֮ͬٷֿҪܵҲϧ

ǡɵʱ׼ҳһЩ飬ҪһЩİ
λ¹Ժգʱ԰׼ǰһ

ɰ׼Ҳʱүү߸飬Ǳ߾»顣

ʱ꣬һֻDĺӶԣпޡᣬλ¹ź󣬴ǰĶӣհס
ҲǸ򵼣ȴS򵼣Ǳ֪

ǸӣİӺ

ƵͬһĸӣʱʲôķӦԸ仯ٴƺֶ̫ϡˡ

ҲΪ£ǿԱȽϷĵʱꡣ٣վǵĶȥ
Ϊ׼һߡ

¥ϣɣʱҲ뵽һ¡

ԭʱ㿪ǸļУԭĸ׵ƬԼһЩƵ
ȥƵ˾񶼲ô

֮ĽϽ׶˫ˣǶмŮϺõҩţԭĸȴûôõ
Ҫټʵ̫ЩԹڣ֮һֱ̫ãûżȥˡ

ʱ̾˿ǰһ˵ģȫԼ˼
Ҳԭ˼
֪һôģ϶һμ͵̲һϴϴ˶ĵ

ﲻн磬ԭҲֻǸȻ֪൱͵ὣȥ

һӺʱ꿴˰ԻԼʱ򣬱׼ȥϷˡ
֮ǰѱ廽з¥ȥ½ͥ

ȫϢϷʱԻ꿵ĺţ߷Ӧܿ죺
˰ǰ֪㾹ȻҲϷãһ

˵䣬Ի꿱˴󣬵ʱԱߡ

ϷһȫϢսϷ׵ġ
ȻͬһҪ򵥺ܶ࣬ԾҲûɶҪͨҲ

Ի꿲ʱϣƺǸ棬ģȫʤ
ΪʤԶλͦ죬ǻŵһȥͦá

ͦԻ˵첻ҪŬڣֺҵʱˡ

˵ţ˸˶ӡ

Ի꿵¾սϵģ׵ġٻף͸ƵģرܱСѺСѵѡ

Ŷӣһ߿ʼ͵Ŵչ֡

һȥҲȫǾУ
ǰġ
кѡ

ʱҲϳˣ׼ȷ˵ϳһID
ǸУһήġ

һὡʱ૵

Իˣôôɣ
ʱ򣬰Ѷ仨ˮǱȽˬġߣһģǸսϲģֻԼһһô

ˣ֪ͲԼʱһˡ

ƽһû¶ҪһὣµŻ

Ƿֶ˭ͬʱȻҲϳ¾Ի꿣ǲʱ˭
һսһήһ˵֣ɼ㲻ҲϵͳĶҲô

Ҳǡһ˵㿴ǻףڵģ˳ɻǸж꣬㲻ûǸСѧ

һ˵һһԸ¾һܴɣ

û⣬ԻһսûУԵڣһһСѧô˵ţһҪǰ塣

죬ʱЦžͳȥˡ
·խˡ

˭˵нû취ὣأǼȫϢϷ
ὣĿףռ

 11 


ԴӵһǸʳϷ֮ʱѡ˼ȽϴսϷ棬ñȽ϶һ

ֹ˺ܶ׺ͻƤҲ١

Ҫˣıƣʱ겻ҳƵһҪ۴ܣϵڶ˭ϵһ
ˡ

ʼЩʱʱ꿿ľǴ򣬰Щֶˣˣͨء

Уúܿ죬ȴԻŵˡ
𡭡
ⲻͲô
죬ȥæ

սôһ

һƼСѧ·ĶԳЦһ׼һڽ֡
ף
һüھȻƫˡ

˵ʱڹؼһ˲㿪ˣȻٻصԭλ壬ȻĻ׾һᡣ

һõĻһԶͻףֻֻײľʺԶ̵սս֧Ԯ
ȴױһͻ׽ֱ޻ֵء

һɫѿĺͬ飬֧Ԯҡ

Ҳ밡ͬ˵¾̫Ѳˡ

ǰ׼ȥԸ¾˷ս¾ȷʵ
Aڱֺݣϵһ

д˵Ҫǵʱ˵⣬ĳɼǿȥһУġ

˿¾һʱѹżһὴҲⳡжྪ㤺Ͳ˼ˣϽס
Ի꿳ʱ־Ȼûӵˡ

ճģһ߿ڣ۾Ͷǰһл׼һڡ

ĿⶢŶžͳʱ꣬ʱѹżһὴ򣬻ڴȻڴ

㣡
Ի룬С汬ô

ʱʵϷرõ򵼣ϾֲǿףϷȻڱĺõĶ࣬򵼺ͨҲٮٮߺġ

Ϸô˶棬ʱϲϷôŸտʼ

ܿûˣΪһˡ

ϾôҲǸУϷ־ãҵᣬѰ˸յû׵˾롣

áԻ꿲УʶȴǸϵģʶԶ̻Ļ
ҪԶ֧ԮȴʱֺŵѹȥѼһήļιȫʼᡣ

ֱû׿ᣬһѼһὸˡ

⡭
Ҳ̫ˬ˰ɣԻ̲סǿ󣡣

ȻڼһὶԣǼˡ
ɫʮѿȴֲûƷˣŭֻϷųԣϷҲǣþ⻹ʲôס

ʱһ¾԰ԼܿףʾϷʵԼ϶䡣

ԻҲ˳䲻𰡣

ʱ˵úãһšʬ˵ʲôڣҪþԡ

Ȼתȥ¾ˡ

İ¾ΪɣһήѾͱˣú޻֮ܿͰܱˡ

ǣǾôɵӮ˵һ

Ӯ˻֣ҪǣӮʹ찡

ԻҲûиտʱĺˣԼԼʱϷ
Ϸôһὣôܰôأ

ǿϧŻ׵ģϷȷܣҪܰ˴ӻϳ͸ˡʱ̲סп

Իļ򣬡ңһҲҪˡ

һѪһѪǸ谡

µһҲһὶҪˡ
ŭòУ¾һˣȻסˡͻףԶ̣Ҫϵģǰұ¶һͻ׵ǰ

һ·ȫǶѵĹ
ȻҲԼһʼͱˣԼм˹˻ܣȻһھͽ

ǸСѧ϶ǹģֱӴƫƫҪôĹ򣬻һΣϣҾ
һὴ棬ʱID˰Σݺݵı·ҪͨҧƵġ

ѶӣҲͬͲ֪ĸյģ֪˭Ȼ

סID´רҿҲǵһθ¾ţƲʶģû¾æֻбϷˣķݡһή

ȴȫȻ֪˼˻ʶ˿һ

һź죬ľҲһֱȫʤ
¾ԭ˱ϷĴ㣬ȴû뵽һñͣͻ׶õʮסص㡣

ҪϷʺλεİţҪʱϷкüꡣ

ܿóϤ֮ЩСϸͲ֪

¾ָ˼䣬ֻҪһ˵ʱ걣׼´βٷһˡ

ݡ
ֱȥְҵˡ

ҪǸڱֻҪףҲȥɣ

Ի꿣ֱ˻ˡ
˱ţԼں滮ˮһ·ӮֱֵòС

Ϸʱһֱ˵ϻҪ

ˣʱҲû档Ϸղŷ֣Ϸʱն磬öࡣ
£¥һȦ

¥£½ͥڹ

λ½Ԫ˧ƺǺæÿȻΪҪƾĶһǴҹżҹҪš

½ͥһۡ

ʱȡ˸ܳһ߿һ߻ͷôȥ¥鷿ģҲҿġ

¥û鷿ֻǸ˯ĵطԡ
½ͥ˵꣬üȥõڶ֣ܵϲҪôġ
˶٣ƺʲôһ˵ˣУҪҹҹϷ

ʱȫû䣬Ȼĵ˵ͷ

ǰӦ½ͥĿľΪơΪ޴Ȼر˽˵ĵطҲû׼鷿
ҲǣʲôҪڣʱļϾ͸˵˲ȥǩ֮½ͥͷѡ

ǵءʱҪǲСȥô졣

½ͥѵңͣŻףȥҲûʲôÿġ

Ŷʱ˵ͷȻ֪˾ûôˡ
ǰȥʱλЩûס

¶Ҳܹʱ룬ȫǵֲϷĺ֢
NPCҪȥȥĵطٷְǹؼطȥһˡ

ԵһȥԾԾԵĸо

ëһʮأΪ˽أ˼£λܺµԷ
֮һκʮأҲ˵ëεòˡ

׻ŵ½ͥĻ㲻ǿпǵһֱܵëˡ

ڶܣʱͣ˻֣Ļˣ˼ҸŪҹ

½ͥܲסҲûǸȥܣֻܿҹԶ
ȴ˶һǱſʱһ̧ͷԵɣϵæôԵ㣬浱Լ˰
̵ĳſ⣬棬԰ɣ

½ͥ룬ԭҲ֪ԼԵ

Ƿ˻ῼǵôʱֻܺòóԡ
½ͥˣƺͦ㣬ǳ꿾⣬ԼҲһ档
ھͲˡ

Ҫ˷ʳ½ͥ

ʱһƣԡ
ˡ
˵꣬ôȻ¥ˡ

 12 


Ѧٱ򷢳ȥҪȥˣһ½ͥʱŷԼԪ˧鲻ԡ

Ѧ٣Ԫ˧ôˣ

½ͥԥһʣ˵ʱǲǣҲ̫Щ
ԼԾʣ

ȻѦٲ֪Щ˵ͷԪ˧žô
ʵ;˺ô

ѦǱ˵ŵŲ۸ȻĵһӺôһǰѣñ۸

Ȼڲ˵ʱǽ绹иᣬҪҪߵ硣

ʱǱ߾ûʲôˣż٣̯ڴ˯ú㡣
ȻӻԾ˱ȻһѵĹӡ

·мֵݣȱҲԣûô
ٶҪʱһЩԵõͦ㡣

ֳ˿ĹĹ

ϴεû꣬½Ԫ˧ִһӸʱʳˡ

¥ĵ̣СŵѲԼأܵ¥ȥԱܡ
˵óԣϲ

˼ҵ޿϶ǲܳԶģƽ½ͥǰװš
òڼûˣ϶Ҫġ

֮Ƶ¥¥ݿڳһ¥ķ
½ͥһʼƫ˵ʲôòҪ¥е

ʱףΪʲôֲϷһЩŪĵһϰˡ
ΪЩϰ壬ĺǷ

İѹ˦ϰ壬СС˶¥

ʱиͨѸС˳һۣԻ꿣廽ѣͨѶ

ʱ꣬׼ô׼ˣǰСʱԵǼҩ
һͨԻ꿵ð˳

ʱһһʱ䣬Ű˵룬硭

СʰԼһߴһѾԡȥϴ

ñ·ʱһǰġ
󣬵ϲ
޵ʵأټƯƯӡһĴˡ

ɫҲȫӰ׵ڵ쵽̵ӦоСһٿ߼Tʱʮļ

̵ۣҲ˺

գʱǼɫġ
Ϊɫĵɫ£ֻԵøۡ

·ϣʱ̵վھǰһСӻӹţ̺߳Ա˷

ʮӺ㵽˸ԻԼĵط

Ի꿻ûʱ㽫˸ͣͣãš

úÿҲѣȻĲʲôƣôҲܴƸС
һվ˲˵ע⡣

Ůڱ˽˧

ҲãǸ򵼡
֪ȥҪԺܲܳɡ

ԱһɫŤˡ
ŮڱֲԾͷһǸʶ˲֪ʲô磬ҲûҪԺŵ˼Զˡ

Ǹȴŭĵʱһۡ

ôϲţһãȴԶ˵ע⡣
ƾʲôء
ҧҧ任ɫһĨαЦ⣬ȥϣⲻʱôְ

ʱһۣԭڱԵʱһͬѧ
ǰ;۸ԭѰŻҪһȡ˭ҸǮһͥã˵һ˵˭ľãԭֻD顣

֮Ǹʲôö

һõӣ϶ҲҩİɣҲǣһ𡣡
˵㿼˵۹УҩϵϲˣУԺлһ氡

ˣصˡ
ʱ롣

˵һͨУô
ڵ۹У֮䣬һֱڡһУУ˳ģ˵ԼУ˵ұô

ˣǰ༶ۻᣬôҲû˵˰೤ͣҪǮ

Ϊԭһʡ´綼ܽʡʡҲûе˲Ը۲͵ķϣǴ¡
ȻЩŸҪʾһ¡

ʱ괩ϵ·һǵ̯λͬѧɻòô
ˣǽٻ׼پһΣ㵽ʱɵһ

ߣǽҩ꿴һһģʱ񶼲øģԼѾһϷ
ʱҩ꣬һ߻ҫʵΪһǧٻ֪ģǶȽϹѧУʵҲ̫ģҪϰԼ򡣡
γѧҸĸҴ˲Ǽʱңôݳ޵ġ

ʱſڣҼǵãǧٻһҲͶʮ򣿡

ҲͶʮ
㶼һ𣬻ʮ
ϵ·жʮһô

ʱҩĻӭǱʾ˻ӭ
ʱ㿪ˣһǧٻˣֻʮǧٿ顣
ҵ껹ʣꡣ

ҲˣлϲأһǮɲˡ
룬˷Ա

ʱˣôĶʲôɾ͸ء

ǧٻһꡣ˵ſʱ꣬ʱ꣬ҪҪҲһ꣬ѧУûѧ

ʱʱʱ귳͸ˣ̵֮ڣΪˡ
µ˼»ϵĹǧٻȫ

ʲôʱˣ̶һŹֵ˵ʱ꣬ɲҪΪӳ˴ǮǸˡ
תֶһԵ˷Ա˵˼㿴ܲˣϹģһѧôǮ

˵ţǱʱѾ㵽˸棬ùԸ˿



һ궼װģһȻòߡʱ˱ĵַԤԼͻʱ䣬ʱȻš

ˡ
Աߵ˷ԱȴûЩԱԼûɶǮǮ˼ˡ
Ǹģõ͵ĶǣǰһʲǿûɶЬأһˢʱ֪Ǵ

ʱȻû˷ԱĴ㣬ӦǾûҪ鷳ǣѹֻϲϲ˴ŵģûǰ
ֻǶԺ˵˼λǧٻѾˣ㿴㻹費Ҫʲô

˲
˿ĶʱĹԣǸʶҪʮ

ǰҲϿ˲ͬ˵ʵ
ʱôܻС
ɫѿһŸɰͰ͵ʣǷʲôˣ

˸ְʱϰͦ󷽵ġ
ˣûҷݹôЩѧУɼõܳģУһ¿϶ɣ

ʱ룬˭أ
ЦñǰҪáһԷļ򣬡˼ҲҪǧٻȫˡȥԱǼҵȻǼһ߹󣬵һǮӦǲġ
԰ɣ
ʱ˵㲻С˰ɣ

Ȼᡣ

Ǿͺáʱ˵ˣһԼˣóȥûۻͷپۡ
˵ţߣı˻֡



ǰյûõԻҲˣֵʲôҴк

ǡʱ˵װ˸ƶԡ
ˣߣҪȥĶ䡣

 13 


ĵطǱ𴦣Ǽҵꡣ

ʱֽ߳ȥˣ˵ܳǼҵģճȥƼʱֽͬȥˡ
ǸһͲͨ˼ҳģʸ߹ŵҺܹ󡭡ϹעһЩʲôģһۿ˽˶ơ

ڿʱ꣬Ȼʱվǰ˿ԵСǿ

ղôûأΪʱӡ̫ô
ٿʱ˾Ѿˡ

ԽĲģʱﶼѧУҲƾʲôǺôá

ȻŵѹͲ뷨ͬԻһ

ԻҲһЩҩõĲϡ

ʱݣѹǡݣķʱˢ˺ܴһǼʱҡ

ûôݣֻŬˡԻ˵ڼʵңڵʱ

ʱʱԼ鵽ģһʵһѡ
ͦð

ðɣԻ˵ҲûǮ

ոڱǰ긻ֱŸ˵ʱ꣺
ͻȻ𣬡ѧУﴫԼҵСӣģ

Ի꿵˵ͷ
һֱܺ棬ΪʲôһֱǼٵģҲûдúûƷζɣ

ʱǻΪԼҲ챻ɸô
ܾԻ꿺ܿҲΪһЩԲЩԣûϹô

ң㾫ͦߣкܶǮԼļ壬ǰ漸УӦҲȥİɣΪʲôУء

Ի˵岻ãУѧҪûôߣһУУһεһ٣ѰǲóУŵģҲû߶
϶ԣУⷽͿɺܶ࣬ԻһЩûʲôϽȴƾĸүϡ

ҲʺԻ岻ãҪÿؼŵˡ

Իʱʱ꿴ҲһЩԹҩʲôġ
ȻһüĻر

Ի꿼ɶһ䣺㲻Ǵڼʵɣǰ˵ûʵô

ʱ˵ͷûС
ͻȻˣʵ֮ô󣬹Ǹҩ

Ի˲䷴Ӧ㲻ỹ׼쳢ɣ㡭

ôûӵô϶Ϲϡ

ԻЩ̫š

ʱ۾˵ʲôʱɹûˣͲҡ

ԻһѾĿɹû¶ôԴһǧǧ׺Ҫ˵ԼȫûһܴӦġ

ʱ꣺
Ǵ⣬⣡

֮ȥ̳Իվһӣһ·
ʱ굹Ъˣ·ܶ࣬һѻûء½ͥЩһûء

ͦʺġԻ˵ԣʵĻ㡣

ʱһۣɵĿʺңǶʲô۹⡣
½ͥЩ棬Ҳмġ
ʱ˵¹һͬ͵Ļкü

Ի꿵ıһʱݣƺ˵ô·Ϊʲôÿǵôøֻ󹫼Ƶġ

룬ѵϲãջʲôû˵
ֻǷ˰ʱƼÿ·

˹˴죬ʱ˼ҾƵԹԷֿԼ˻ؼҺϷ

ʱĶѾ͹ˣʱǩգȻָӻ˶ᵽ˶¥ĵ̡

һӷЩ֮СָӾôţѾϷա

Ǳ¾ҲѾˣ˼򵥴˸кԻ꿡
ȴ֪Ѿ˶ˡ

һὼ˽һ͵ˣһߣ;ˡ
ȷôǴһţȡ赽

ĳ룬ʱΪˣӲʮӲŽϷ

֪ϢļһήѾһˡ
ǲ֪Ҫŵġ

ȵڶ֡һή

ڶֿʼǰǲһʱսӮˡ
ѻԻ꿺¾ʶġ

ʱŽȥˡ

˫һϡ
һήռƻǴһԻ꿣ơ

˵ţʱѾˡ

ʱͬеû뵽оϲ

죬ǵȻáȻһҲ˰취һȥһѾ˾롣
ȻΣʱŲֱӶһˡ

¾˽Ȼſʼһˡ

һˡ

Ķ̲סʣԶأ֧ԮأôһûС

һҲʣΪʲôһ¶ûС
֪ϷлλôõġУҲǰЩôôһˡ

˭

һԶûãһΰܵø졣

Ȼڽ֮󣬼һ὾͸ˡ
ʱ갴ڵϵᡣ

¾Ի꿶ˣһһվŹսԻ꿻˸̨ǣǲڣڵûѪ

һὶҪˡ

ͬ鰲ο磬һʱûӦˣһ֣һһӮ
˭֪¾Ȼʶһء

ǾǣǼ

λϣϰͲ¾û֮Ҳ

ȻʱѾʱˣʱҲרǡ

ǲСʱǾ֡
Ҷǰʹ죬ڣһάԡۻ˭϶һס¾ʱꡣ

գһҲͻס

ףȻԶ룬Ǿͽս
ͲˣһSϹ׵ģܴ򲻹һжꡣ


͸ҡ

¾ƣѡòϤĻףǱɵ˰ɣ

һὣ
һòᣬңһǿˣһôôǿ

СܸϽȥٱٱܿ
𾴵ңʵٱҲ޿Ϊ
ףϷ죡

Сܣ磬˵

ôһСѾ˹СӱôȥѧУҪ¾ȻҵһҪҪˡʲôûң

һϸҲסҲһˬ
˷Լ硣

ǣÿζ¼˵һѪһѪĥҲΪϷҲǵģӦֹ˵Ϊ

һǰһ̳ʼһ
ϷòʵϲˣֶοһЩСBUGʵлսӮӮô˵ģһѪһѪĥʲôô

ԭԼһرעһЩϷ̳Ϸ
ߵüʱֺҲˣԵһʱͿ
ʱˣ

ͦ¶һӾŰɣӺܿ͵ñ

 14 


ҲȻʱԤϣӲŷʱһ˳

Ҳ˵ˣһЩúϷô˵ңǸЩˡ

¥ϵģ˾ţһƾʵϷ

Ӯƾʵѵôû¥˵ģһѪһѪĴ򡭡



գ֮䣬㳳˼¥

Ի꿿һۣʲôɱ÷Ϸ˾趨

ǡʱ˵ӦûбУٿ

Ȼû¥˼һήս
ߵĺϷʺŵģһʱЩҲ׷˵̫ˡ

Ի꿣ҪΪʸ֮İ
˵ҲûʲôͷҲʲô¶

Ȼʱһͬġ

ֲ¥⸱ģǱĥ˶پְң
ңҿ϶

˵׻¥ϣҿˣ˼һһûʲôս򵼣Уı

԰һ飬ͦġҵʱСֶӣûüչԼӢ˾͹ˣԷӴء

¥Ϲãһˡ

ʵЩͲѶֵ˿˾ûʲôͷôϷ˾

ͬͷǣ̫ɶˣֱ󽵵ϷȤ˶ˡ

ʱʱүҲ̫ˣǿҽϷ˾ڴʵڲзҲУ˵ĴھƻϷ

Ի꿣ռĹȻա

ʱ˵գҵͦģûˣչԼӢˣȲ˿жϡ
˵ţʱֱӾ

Ƿһὣ治֪Ϊɶôб򻹾ίˣ
˼ΪŵĿȥУ̳˽¼Ϊġ
˵ʵǰǲҪģϾʷ޲ܴصꡣо仰ͦͬģϷȷǲʵ
ʵеĻҼǵȫ԰˴ӻڳģڳоһҲˬ

һʱӵķͱˡ

жԹҾ˵սʱʱүŵʱ䶼̣ͦĥ˹ġ

Ǹղ¥ǸҾ˵ȥͱˣرɴġ

¥ϵ治ץص㣬ô¶Уô

УĵȻУ鵱ֵͦ󣬵͸ˡ
һס

Ϻǣб˶ϡ棬Ϸ汻һ¾Ͳ⻹ڱأɱڱˡ

¹׶㵱дС˵أ治Ҫ

ͷȫˣû˹עϷЩĥ˵Ĵ򷨣ַᡣ

һЩڹעʱꡣ

ϷôþȻǸ򵼣ƬֳôãǸռҲҪǻңɲóš

¥+1ϵʽһɣûа¹⣬һס

Ƕλ̫ʵҲͣȻŵռľÿɳ»̳ˣ

¥ˣԹҶ֦

£ҵĶλøռĲ࣬ͷ˿ɵúúչһҵ͡ǿˣѻҪģ󷽣塣

һһԭĿһҲûﵽһˡ
˵ģһ

ȻŵģǸʱʱүȻʱꣿ

һὲţȻǼӹʱĺѣûɾһȻˣڵʱʱү
һʱαôȴֶԷѾɾˡ

ǱߣʱɾһãǺþûôˡ
ǵýڵиۺʵĵӣǵҪǹһһȣҲǸˡ

ֻ̳꣬ϷУԻ꿵ִ˼֡

Ķλ¾Ի꿱ͲͣĶԽԽҲûô׾ܽˡ
м֣ʮֽš

־ִҲرʹ죬ʱ⡣

˼̳ģƼǣ˰ʱʱãǶ֧㣬С

ͷҲ򡣡

Ȼһ·õϷ֣ȴ֪һѾʲôˡ
ʱ꣬ʱꡱһҧгݵ˵ֻʳϷôսϷȻôã

Ҳãǻûһ˽ʱء
ֻܵȷºŸⷽȽϣݰɣ

ҪǾٱȷ˲ǿңôҲʱôġ

һɫѿһûöԷܣԼ鱬¶̳棬ϷĶ֪ǸС
Ҳ֪ӺûС

ŵİӺȻˡ

Ӻɳϣһߺȿһ߻ЩϷҵĻ
չҳ棬ûõĶ˵

ôˣ
¥һˣȻʮ꣬ΪǼ˾ȽϳֱúãŸʮꡣ

⣬̫⣬ǵ£ҲΪڱܵӰ죬Щ꾫һֱ̫á

㻹ڸǸһϵüЩҪ֪ΪʲôĻذգһƽײͼ˵ġ

Ӻ裬Ҳ˵ˣҾֻǸ
Ҳǲ֪ǰǸĺһ֪ʵһֱңô̵ס

Ů˵ҲԽȥˡ

ú˼ôӺ˵ղòرԵǣҵڱԶҡ
ϧˣ
Ӻ̾ϢǸһὼֱ²࣬Ȼ̯Ʋ˵Եǵ򵼶ˣ

ԼֶβλŮһ䣬ŵҶ˵˲عǸԵģ¿ôĸ׵껹һУء

ͻȻǮˣҾ֪Ӻ˵Ҿֵ֪϶һǮǸŮˡƣװȥ˰ɣ

Ӻĸһ٣ȻҲӡ
Ҳ֪ԴԽҵľһֱ̫ã޷ٴͬڱںϣ޷ȫյ㸸׵뷨ЩСҲ̫ƽ̣Ƿ

ӺһҪǵѵһҪʵĺˡ
򵼣ٻôҲ˵ġҾͥһ֮ûٻˡ
˵һ٣ʵЩSڱпϵġ

УӺȻϲ˵ģ裬㲻ǲϲ

½ͥͲˣ㲻ǲ֪ľкܴ⣬ܻá
Ů˵һ٣ĳⶼʲôҪһɵģܹתҲͬ赱һ³㶮ô

½ͥǲӦģϲ㣬һһô

Ӻ죬첻

ǣôܱȵ½ͥء
ô㣬ǿܸһʲôԸ⡣

ϧǸʵ̫·𲻻ΪκͣҲ࿴˭һۡ
ϣǸرİ
Ӻ롣
ǼҲͬ½Ƕ棬ǲҲԽȥ½ͥļңá

 15 


Ӻȫ֪ĹһңԵʱˡ
ȻԭΪҪƾ֮ҲǳĿȥġ

ʱȫûжѵú˲ģ˸Ƿȥѧˡ

ֵúܴѧУͬѧѾΧһؼһˣ̲ס࿴ۡ

ⶼֵϷ̳ȥˣҲǣ˭üһԲУԼȿء
򵼸ˣôݣҲ˵

ǼһֱָĿ⿴һ죬Щܡ
һ˿ƹʵЦڰ˿ˣS֮󣬸ĿˣЦȻе⡣

ʱǱ߰Ⱥܶ࣬һ򵼴Ը񶼱ȽϺá
ҩѧģǰһ󲿷ֶլլŮ첻ѧϰʵ顣
ԭǰҲ֮һһͬгȥԼԡ

˵ʱûҲôôϷûʲôɣƼһǱƵĳ

Իž;ãۿƵá

Դʮɾʼ·ûʲôʱ겻õ۳ȻУҲһ۾ܿǼһήԲзۣ߸ɴԼˡ

ǸɾãȻ𣬿ҲҪ˵һ˵ʱˮ顣
Ȼ˵Ѿû˼ǵûˡ

ţҲʱӵ顣

ʱһ㶣ʱɾʱûôֻ࣬ǿʱǸʮֲ˳۶ԡ
ˮģԭԼȥģҲв˭

飬Ҫ׼ܵʲôʱҲǼһὡ
Ͼԭû

ֻǲûһ˫ۿеĿԡ
ֲȻдҲдģЩʲôֻаֶԡ

Ҳͦóȥġһͬѧ̲סһ飬涼Ͼʵͦ˵ġ

ʱɨһۣûʲôˣٴ󣬶˵ҲС

˵ǡԻ꿵һǸжӶ˵ĳͷˣѵ£

ʱϿˣʦˣҲ͸ϽصԼλ
ڿιиÿһεļֻᡣ

ʵʾ

ʱ˵ڿξǼִᡣ
Ͼǧֵļ飬Ҫڿġ

ȥ֮Ϲ귶дǧ֣ȴڶϽ֮ʱõҪһ顣

˭⣬ֱ̫ˡʱⱲӲȥڶˡ

Ի꿵һֱô˶˭֪һ־еλӢ۰

˵Сͼ̨λУ쵼Ѿգ˼λȥ佱һǽһѧϰĵ¡
Ȼֻˡ

һȥĲʱ꣬Ǽһὡ

һ̨˱һЦȻΪʲôݼ֡
ʱҲ۾ͻȻãڻͦġ

һήɫ̫ãSһαΪѧվ̨ϵģ˭롭
˱ۣʼ˼֡

ǰйоصģ˶Ҫ˯ˣͻȻһ䣺Ϊѧҵȷü̸͵ͬѧǶǺܳ죬ֵ꣬÷зԼ벻֮ءѧУǲҪ鷳

ǵͬλε˵ʱԩ鴫÷з鷳ѧУϵʧ

ѧգһĶûס৵Ťͷʱꡣ

էһһôЦ

ֻýļţܾЦЩں΢ŵ۾Ǻġ

ԸߵģЩûס෴ķ˼
סı֮ûסظҲ̫˵

Ի꿵ǵĿʱ꣬㡭

û뵽˳ôοǲ䡣ʱ˵һŤͷһֵô

Ի꿣ǣм仹һսϵģֵ֮㡣

Ϊʱἱһ£ֶԷȫûż˼ǵһλͬѧļ顣
˫һ嶵һǵģ̨

һ̨ҪըˣʦЩûάס档

ʱӶͳֳһ˻ӣ˿ˣģǸǱݽĿģڻӭǡ

Իվֱ壬Դӷ֮ʱĺ˵Ŀ⣬Ҳѹסӡ

ʱиսϵʦˣô£ôҲҪд֣
ƽʮֿüһὣڸǣһⳡ;òá

Ȼ̨ʱſȴҲйоأ򵥿˸ͷֱ֮⣺
ˣΪǵ֮ʱ䣬ʹԼʡڸʦͬѧǴһЩС鷳ܿϿΣ˷ѧУҽԴ

̨µѧû뵽ƽôգȴַӦɶЩ񣬻Щɺû˼

ʱ껰һתһãˣӦڳԼĴ󡣡
Ҳһ̨ļһͬѧһ㣬ֻжΣָˡ

Ҹɵ¶Ҹɵģͱ˶
ʱӴᶨ˵Ҫ˵˭ҲҪᣬǰİָֻһ

һὣ
ô棬Ϊʲôһ¡

Ȼʱûٳȫʱһ˵
ϣһͬѧһ飬㶪ѧУϷһֱԼԼ裬Լ£Ǳԩ㡣
ϣһͬѧףдһµģǽˣΪû˭͸㵱ԼѧУΪҪЩ˵Ķ¶
ϣһͬѧܹףѧУܵʲôϵʧҲͬˣŶҲң֪Ҷ˵ɹµͬѧûйϵ

һϣֱָһὣǰ˵ģ˵㣬Ҫ˵㡣
һǽȫУͬѧѷӪһ󻶺졣

˵úã
֪˭ȿںһɤӣʱһ˺ɤӺ˵úã

һήɫѾ׵׵Ĳܿˡ
Ǹǰʦ̲סѧҲʵ̫ˣ˭ûʱҪһֱץŲô֪ԼһͬѧǸӰô

վߣһսϵʦ̲ס㻹ʦȻûһѧס

ʱ귽Ų˵ˣԶµģǰ鱬ˡһͬѧǱԩģôԸϴԩͬѧǸô
һʦҲ˵Ȼˣ͸ðʲô飬Ӱ䣬ɳӰʲôսϵ츳ôȥϵ

͸˵ˣʱӦŬϰǸЩеûġԱ߻һʦ˵㿴ôõľڶ򲻹¾ӶҶû˵ѧˡ

̨ϣʱˣ̧ѹѹ
漣ģ˾ľ

ҵļҲˣʣһ䡣
ˣĻ壬ܵ˽һΪ˵ʥˣҲĵĺˡ
ҹ㣡

 16 


ʱ껹δ̨װ𣬾þδͣ

λʦվһ̲סпϧ

ϳָϵģһ£Ҳüһײô壬Щϧ

˵ʱꡣʦǸڱܻʺָϵ

˵ݼ϶ԭ׼һݣһ󲿷ֳֶġ

һʦָʱ򲻸˵Щʲôҳϣ¸֮ô

ˣһָӣӦ֪ʲôʱ˵ʲôĻģ档λָϵʦһۣ飬Щǲᶮġ

λսϵʦ
ôΣúõ컹ģ

Ǳʱһ̨㱻ΧסˣֵܣҿǼһήɫܿˡ

ʹ죬˵ʲô·ԩǰе鴫õƵġ

һ䣬˲ѻøߴϣ

ʱ˵ٳӰˣ
յˣҲѿڶ
ԭҲû׼һ׵ģܲסһԼ

Ի˽չ¼ɲǧְ

ʱ˳ǡ
ǰǷݼ黹ûʲôʵģҴ˾һűʮأΪ˴չǧҲɷѿˡ

ǰ췣дʦҲڣһۣƺ˵̫¶ȷʵֵֻܹ£Ȼ¶ˡ

һʱ㱻ΧŻ˰

һŷŲٳϵ顣м㿪У԰ֲ̳֪λ˲ţȻ¼󣬰ֳ¼ȥ

ʱһѵţƣ͹
˰ʱһ仰渴ƣһ䣺
Ǻûϧһ

ת˲䣬仰㱻ƵǸˢˡ
Ǻûϧһ
Ǻûϧһ


ʱ껰еĸʽһ䣺
Ҫ߼һͬѧ˵мһֻ֣Ұ졣
ǸƵٴο񻶡

ʲôӣƵ

˵׻ʱţư

ҵǼһ̫̫ҸղŰת˳ȥ۶ˣЩҺˡ

Ȼġ˶Ȼʲô˶Уּ֧һήҲУܿͱȺȥˡ

˧ᣬգǣƾʲô򵼾͵òҭί͸иۣ

ҴϷ̳תģйһһģĴζ񷴵ԼĽţˬ

硣һС˵Ҫ۾ͱˡ
ⲻԼҲʹô

һҹԣһѲˣˡ
ͷβʱʲô֤綼ûУƾʲô˵ɶ˾ɶȻһȺֻ֪Ǯ˵ĻɫֲöֻУ

ҧгݵ룬ʱֳӺڶˡ

ʱѸϢһλʦȥ칫ң˵Ҫ̸̸
̸ʲô϶̸顣

һԽŭһľ֪ȰŬѧϰҲģ˼רѧϰ
ҪôôȥǸʱ꣬Ҫ˵

ϣѧУ̳Ϸ̳󲩼ǽʵʵĳһغùϡ

һ»֪Ҫ˼ǸĲȫȻûӦ˶ʱ°ܻ±㲻һС¡

ӺǲˡֻͰ˸ˣô
ֻŭʱ굹š
ǿпʱģ۾ˡ

ǵŵʱ꣬ȴǹ൱죡

ͬԻ꿶Լ˸Ŀα˳ص˱
½ͥĻûûųȥԼԹȫϢϷ

ʱͬԻԼõʱ仹ӣʱĿһ۾

һߣСȴѾЩҩϵӡ
ƾЩϣٳɫҩʦҲҩΪȱ豸˵ģֻǴӲȡɷ㣬û豸С

ҲΪԻ꿲ʱı粵û׼Լ豸ҩ

֪нѹʹûйôȽ豸
һ¯͹

ʱһķ˻нơ
һжǸ߿Ƽò𣬵ûлʱķ˻Ȼóˡ

ԭѾѧҩˣټʱ֮ǰ֪ʶǷͬѰݣⷽˮƽȻͻͽ

С˱˸ߴһ䣬㿪ʼٿʼҩ

ǼҲģֻײн硣ɽˣ򵥵黹ǲġ

Ѹ֭ҺװԹܣȥһ֡

С˲ҡҡͷ֪ͨͨڣҴ¯ˡ
ˣ˵ЩûʲôˣֻǿܣЩĲˡ

ǱߣʱҲȵԻ꿣ͬ¾һϷ

һֱСʱԻǱ߾׼ˡϻиûŪ̫ף׼ȥʵʵ顣
һ£ʱҲø¾ĬҲûټš

˵ʵ飬ʱСǱߡ

ɹ
룬ϧû¯ûɵҩеҩһſŵĳŷ㡣

ȵȡ
ʱէȻ֣춼ˣ½ͥȻû

ԼϷ桮ڡ˳򿪹ϵѦ١

ѦٽͨѸſھǣʱֳʲô¶ô

û¡ʱſھǣһͿ϶µģ

ѦѦ٣ѵû¶ʱҹң

ûС

ʱԹ⣬һǱߵıӦûڰ칫ĵط
һ
ûˡ˵Ǽǲǲڰˣ׼ڹʵرķϣôæոʬ

ѦһһѾܰѹĵĻ˵λҲǸ˲š
̾˿͵Ԫ˧һ㶼æ㻹ڰ칫ǳ¡

ǰΪҪƾù˼ʱѧϢ׼ʱؼһʱ䡣
ȻʱЧ̫ãҩҲûã½ͥ״̬ѡ

ⲻ״̬һãֿʼԼ嵱¶ˡ

ġѦʵ£Ԫ˧жл˲˵ˣԪ˧ҡ

˰칫棬Ҫ³ȥ½ͥʣʱˣ

ǡѦٵǽôûأЩ³ʲô¶Ѿ˵ˡ

Ϊʲôֱң½ͥ

Ѧ٣
ѦѣԪ˧ǣûͨѶš

½ͥ
ֵȷһʼҲô׼ģϵѦپУûҪ˽ͨѶš
Ϊʲôʱأ
̫ʣദ̫Ȼǲ顣

Ԫ˧Ѧٻڣǲˡ
½ͥԸ´μӰʱ֪ͨһصȡ

һߣΪ˵ʱһͨѶǱת۾ֽϷա

СǱ߷ɳӣȻĳ˸ܣּȥŪҩˡ
Ͼ½ͥڼӰ࣬Ǽﲻĵˡ

ֱ̣

 17 


ڵʱһϣ賿˯СʱȥѧУ

һܿΣһٳʱ㷢һ˫۾
ڿεʦš衯ܳһǧ׵ս

ʱҲˣԲɻ̵ĸʮȦһ¿Ҳˡ

ʦĵ˵ͷϴ˵ȥˣǷݼҲдúܳġ

һĻʱ꣺

ȥˣΪ˷ֹһܣǱķΧ׷½һˣȻ̧ȥҽҡ
ǳ棬Ҳ¾һˡ

Դ飬ʱνٶѧУһ
Լ˷ģ

ͬѧҲ֣ǰȻδ˽ͬѧ
ʲôûⲻͻˣ˭ǡ

лһὣΪסȻˣ˭˶ܰ

ԱߵͬѧЦˣ㲻ûǱˣû˸Ҳ°

˵ǡǰǸͬѧ˵Ҫллһͬѧûܿʷʱͬѧ

˵ʲôС˵ƽʱ첻ۣһؼʱ̾͸ŸУ

֮ʱӹǷġ

ĳɼҲԽĺãûٱʦ佱
˵Ǳ߼һόòô˸СĹѧУýϻ¶ϵ˽͡

ȻûѧôذɣһûеƷܻñǴˡڿӰ첻պҪǽ˾۾ͻЩӰˡ

ͬ˼ҿ϶ȿƷõġ
ʵǿһز

ͬûʲôϵϾ˲һϵ
ʱʱҲźԼΪʲôսϵڵĻ˵Ǳʵսϰģʱܴһһˡ

½ڿҪȥʵҡԻվǰȥɣҸϰһϽڿεһ㶫

ʱûС

ʵڣѾмȽڷܵͬѧȵˡ
һЩ򵥵飬Ӧþʦ֮ǰꡣ

ԻҲѾ˹ȥʼһ򵥵ʵ顣

ʱ굹ûֻ֣ϱЩҩ
ţϿˣʦ˽ŵĻ˰һЩǧٻ

ҪϰǧٻҶֹֻֻ֪ᴿ˵һעʹ޷ʹá
һƬ꣬ڿΣұһ¡

˵֮˱ǰȥ컨ꡣ

֮ʦʼٴνǰϽһҪظһ飬˿ʼϰ

ǼʣҪֹѾˣѧҩĵһÿαֹԴҲ˵࣬Ҳæҡ
ֻǧٻ֪ѴܶЩѾϤһξͳɹĻûм

ЩܿóȻϸ̫ࡣ

֮£Ի꿵ı־ͺ˾ˡ
ֺȣҲûгһ˺ϸƷ

ʦ佱úá

ԻǫڼʱԹܶ飬ɶԡ

ѧУĬ׸СӣǮʵҶ֪˲֡
ֹֻǺãܶ顣

ɵһεͬѧ̲ס߿ۣƼ˻ûĴʱꡣ

ʱꣿʦҲˣڸʲô

ʱϽ񣺡ûʲôеţվ⻺⡣

ʦ
мͬѧûסЦ˳

վˣģˣ֪ĻΪСүӲˡ

ʦҲһû˵ʲôϽ֡

ʱЦЦֿ̧ʼ

ղ治ǹⲻ࿴
һǧٻǧٻνʮϤˡֱûգõнķӣҪȿ˵Ľ

һʲô̶Ȼʲôʲôʱͣյøá

ʱ򿴹һɹĻиʧܵģȻʮܿһݡ

ʦһʱ˹ϽŵǱ߻ȥⴿȡ

Թȥ鿴Ƽַϵܶڵ㿨òӦûɹǡ
Ȼһаٷ֮ʮߵĴȡ

ۣٷ֮ʮءһͬѧ˵ûǴĻǧٻ޷ᴿһ㵽ٷ֮ʮͺϸ񣬿ҩˡ

һξᴿٷ֮ʮߣʱҲ̫˰ɣ

ȡʱûסǰװǧٻؼҡ

ͬѧǣ
٣ҲǸ

ȻǮǺãǰͿʼϰˣǡǻͷҴǮһɣѧУֻƬѹġ

һֱ¿Σڸп飬ЩעȽ棬֪Ϊʲôװġ
ǧٻȻҲˣҲʲôݳƷҪװΪʲôЩֻſʲôġ

Ϊ˾̫ɪƵҲˬʱ˵ʱķӦЦˡ
ȻΧԼͬѧֱӵˣǰֻ꣬ڡҪ˭Ҫңûȵȵð

ΧͬѧϽҡͷ֣ǿɲռ˵ģеĽԡ

ò˼ʱ˵Ϸ¶ҲȽ϶࣬öлλֱԡʱҲòⶫñ棬ǰҴһллء

һǲ˼ֱ˵Ҫ´ʵεʱҴ˭ԼȥժС

Ҳһʱ꿵ҼҲЩһá

вǴУҲ̫Щ

ͬѧȻлʱ½ʵʱȻʣµǧٻ
ǰŽʵңôҳŻûϿΣϰȥϰһ¡

һ£ڴеĹ۸иˣԼȥ˺üεķ

ڻ˱Ǿ͸ˡ
½ͥǸѾܾû׼ʱˣʱɴ඼ڰ칫˯ˡ

ʱֻӳƹ˰ǽһˬһƼ½ͥЩ̫ʺϡ

кг˱塣
һ֪ĳԪ˧ָԼڵùǺǰȶˡС˹ɵķ˹ȥʱԼȥȡ˸ԡ

ʱüĵ½ͥɵϴζ˵Ҫʱ˯ʱ䲻Ϣġ

Ѧ͵̧ͷһŵĿʱꡣ
һÿϷ򵽴ҹûǰ˯˵Ҫʱ˯

ңͳһڣСİǲһƬʱֻȲ죬ҲղŵĻ⡣
ҿ˵ҹãй㻹ûɣΪԺĻгǣǵŵġ

Ѧ٣
ѦٽӲŤͷԼԪ˧ȻϲŭɫˣʱҲά侲˧ˣ΢ЩŤ

׷·˿֪Լɶһɻ󣺡ôˣˣ

ѦټֱҪ̾⡭
ɣ
Ԫ˧侲

 18 


ܣʱһʱûжѵõȶûΡ
ŹԹɣʮְ޺

ôƫƫͳôء

½ͥüģҧгݵͲˣ㻹ǹһԼĲ״ɣ

ʱһ⣬ôҪƲô

½ͥ

ѦٸɿһϽʱԪ˧˼ǣ̫ܹˡ
Ȼûڼңõͬһˣʱ΢עһܿʱһѶʮʮ˲Űꡣ

Ҳҿ󣬲ȻЩͽһͨ˼Ҷˡ

ʱꡮŶһûˢÿﻹеǮοԪ˧ÿ¸ô
ˣµ滺ҩûҪҪҰæ

Ǳ֪Բ뿴ҩ뿴Ǯ

½ͥԴģֱȥҵ˽оԺˣǱ߲ͬϴһ𺦳ɷݡ
֮⣬ǲҪˡ
ûǮ׬

ʱźһ̯֣뷴ڶµѾ֣ҲȱǮ
ˣԺлҡϰ̫󷽣ѾȲٸɻˡ

½ͥ
ǱʱѾˣԷ

½ͥ
ѦٿԼԪ˧ƣԼ߳ġ

ߵ޷ĳǳ˷С¥һԼ¥ȥҩһβˡ
ȥϷҡ

°һŷϷûлףҲʮʹ졣
ÿϷļܶرֻ࣬ҪʼϷܴɸӵ

һЩŷҵϲ浱ô

ʱһ㰮ˣȻûлףϰߵֱӲ
Ϸ滹иر趨ʼԽ׼ϷԽ׼ȷʶ𣬷ӦԽ죬ȻҲǿ

ⲻΪôʱϰһСʱ㽫Щȫѧˡ
Ӧ죬Ծ󳷵ȵȣԼʵ

ͬѧʱˣģҪʶ㣬ҶҪΪѧ赸ģЩʲô춯Ҳѧô졭
ߣҴȥܡ

ʱȸȥ˵ս˫սЩȽϼ򵥵ģȥһȺս
Ǵ˭֪˭ҪϷñӪ˲ܻ๥ģ϶вԼˡ

Կнսʱָп
˼ǽжңҡ

滹иָں𡭡

ʱǰͷ䣬ɴŷң˳Լ⣬ոͷ
ǲнսģȻʱС˵ģ飬;ͬ顣

룬ּʩŲͣڿзԾȡͷ

һսһոһٶʮͷνջ
棬ԺʲôϷҪƼҰ̲ס

ͬѧǵȻģʱ磬ϷԣϷûһǧҲа˰٣׼û
ͬѧ˵̲꣬ס˼ʱꡣ

߿ʱƺԼòʮţҲⱬ¶ݣֱԼ
ͬһװ˴žûݸо

ղŴһͶ㵽һȥʱˣϷΨȺʱһеģʱƫƫͲ
ʱʱͺƵģĸǶȿȥͦÿ

ˮʽ䣬ؼ˼һոôͷ

ʱ磬Ϸһͬѧ̲ס롣

죬˿֪Լְһ˵ۡ

ԴϴǼ֮󣬼һѾ֮ǰǿϷˣһ
ܿѾܲˬ˭뻹ӦڣͿڿƮȥʱꡣ

һǹģҡһҧгݵ

Ҳ̫ˣû˰ɣһѵҲּ磬㵱ôûʲôأҪһˣڿ϶ôݣϾҪ򵼣òҲá

ǲǼһŰӺʲôɡ

ô죬ʱӦñǺðҪֻҪѼһ˵Ϸָ治ȥˡ

Ϸһ˵꣬ҧгݵʱ꣬ҵţһҪÿ

ǣҪÿһ򵼿ʲôбʵһܰҲֻϷгԡ

ʱԴ֪飬ֻһɺϣϾϷȽϻʵ̫ˡ

֪ʱѾǼˡ

ϾһһϷܲû֪ľʹˡ

һͬѧҡ

лá
һͬѧ˵һƼʱҲǿϷܣҲ̫ٱʱһôϷû׸ˣֱӴŶ

ǿϷƼʱģ˵ϲܣǸܿħҡ治ǹԼһͬѧģ˭̫鷴Լء

˵ʱ껹ǿᣬǸڱĻƵУԼģ˧ֿܴ򡣡

ҾͲУҶҡ

Ҫڿڡ·ʱһ˼Ҽ򣬡ξϰˣָ֣ᷢоرˬ

һͬѧûǱ¡˼˵һҾˣҪ̨飬϶˵ֳУ͵Դ¡

ҵǸ˵һͬѧ˹ûðʱоԼһͷһܸоԼӵòУ˯žһٺڵǽ

ͬѧǲҴͷװˣҾ

ѧУѧϰǱ½ͥ˱
ԭޡ

Ϊʱ䲻ؼңǾ͵֪ڸʲôסô

磬½ͥý¥㿴¥˽򣬾Ͳȥˡ

Իֵ˵ͷԼұС˽˿ռоͼǿҪһҲ⡣
¥Ҳʵûʲôɿģѵܿûӣ
ֲСˡ

ʵҲҪǲ˵СǱ߲ýؼ趼߶
һװһһװģôǾӢˣô¥תһȦ

صգʾУԵĲ٣Խ
˵ţԻֹϱ䡣

ֵܶʲôһ㣬ƬС½һȲķֿˣһȥһع˾

ֱԾû⣬ȴȫȻûʶĶ
ƷҲ̫ˣбܡ½ͥĸ״Ƭһ۾ͷ֣ǳСӣ˭ҵı

ʱһرһ٣Ȼӡ
ϢѦ٣ǵô

ѦԪ˧硣
ȵȣô֪ģ

ˮζʱ˵еɭ֣ĴƷζ˻ͦƷζġ

Ѧٳ˳ǣֵܣͰԼ޳ô

ǱʱѾͨѶ֪Ǳûˡֱ䣬󷽵ϰ͵Ѧٰѱ䲹ˡ
ػ˲Ʒ֣ʱʱʮ⡣

̵˴㣬ˡ

һܱ߳Աߣײ˸սŵһˡ
ʱһ¡
Ҳòᣬ㣬˭ңߴˣ

 19 


½˱նڶϱһˣˣ뽫һٳ룬־һˡ

ʱ˭Ҳû˵ôײɶҲ֪ʱꡣ

ʱһܣάƵ㿪˹ԣ
ȻƬ˶Աһ

ûֲÿ죬ϰĸףϾϢΡ

ѱܻϣճ죬½ãûߴʲô

½˻أû뵽ڶӼ￴ѦĻˡ
ôƯɰСꡣ

СŻúܣһ˫۾һûʲôĻ

˳Ǹܣ죬ǰֶӸĵƬС
ɼʵǶֶһŪıȷˡ

½룬ֱ䡣
ȻһģһֻһһƷ

ʱվڿ½ˡ

ȻѾʮ꣬籣ĶǼãǻʺСķͣ˵ֻжʮ಻ʮ¶š
Ҫһ㲻Ǹ˼ģͻ͸Źɲµ档

ʱϿԼҵСŮ޸½Ԫ˧½ͥ
ǣʱĸ裬Ϲ裬ڻжӿ

Щʱǰ½Ԫ˧ΣԵ˸á
˼³ȴֵ֦ڵʻһ㣬ֲϳ˵ǲŮ

½˿䣬߻˿ʱʣͥÿ춼ô

ɣʱ˵ϸ²ʱѾˣҪҲ·ˡȵҿŶû˵Ҫ飬Ӧû

½жʱһģһס˰

黹ᱨǳСӣǰסҵʱ򲻻ؼҶ˵׷ʡ

ʱк˹ȥ
ôµ㣬ܺóԡ

½˵˵ͷˡ

ʱرɴİѲ軻̲裬Ҳȡݹ

ȫ½ЦŵǰҿֻܸźȿȡԸûУҳ飬¶ӪҺڵǶˣ֪ˡ

ʱҲ˵Ѧأɶû˲úܿ죡

ϾԱڸ߹ԱϰǺǻԺ治ܶ
ͬҲ˵ˣסԡ

½һʱöⷽȻû飬̫ˡ
ƣ˼ҶѹͼǸͷˡ

ǸϽ˵ǻǰͥҪģѦٰһ򶼺

ʱ꣺
֪ϰǲʲô

뵱ǩͬʱ½ͥȷ˵֪˲̫࣬Ҫܣܶ
ͬҲӦ
ϰ㲻趼ţ֪¶ɣ

Ҷ֪½˻˵ڸ鷽洿úܣҲЩ̫һС󣬵Ǻõġ

ʱ굹ͬһ½ͥȷѿóϰʵǸˡ
ѦǸ˵ʣϰû뷨ر󷽡

ۿ½Խ˵ԽݣʱЩҪֹϰûԼ˵¶ҲᣬȻҪΥԼô죿
һſڣߣ֪ôͱˣ

½ˣһǧ뿪ӵô

½ˣ

ʱ꣺ȣҡؼʱ̣ϬĿ߽½ͥѦ١
½ˣӻˣģ¥ˡ

˵˦½ͥһ㶨¾ͳ˶¥

½ˣȵȣģҿҿζơ

衣½ͥεֻҪǸʳߣζơ

½ըˣ⻰ô˵ģܸСʲôţҸղˣ֮ôһСӼֱֱ

ʱ¥ϳһۣһĪ
ȻĸѦ˵һϰˣҸϰ̸ͬˡԼͰɣףˣ

Ѧ٣
Ѧٳ˳ǣŲµΪʲôᡣϾߣԪ˧ڽݲؽ

ôһεİ⻰ת½ͥ߿һΡ
裬ˡ

ϰԼ¶ˣʱȻҲ¿ְɣ¥ϻϷ
гս

ڵİɺһɣҲֻһС¶ƢȴˣȻ㺰Һһôˡ
ոͬѧϢǱѾ˴ˣȥܸϵոβ

û뵽βһСʱûۿȺԽԽ׳ΪʱϰѧĶˡ

ʹʹĴһ

ֱСʱһսĻҲûʤֿʱڶ

ʱ겻սֻעո˶ٸͷ
Ϸͷ˿Իһ··ʮֻͷϻòɫķ

ܶ˶òᣬôҲŪһҹ£ŷ·Ļȡʽ
ʱϲЩû۹⡣

˴ӲʲôҹУҪλε㡣

ⳡսʵûͷټǰܵģһһʮͷ͹ˡ
ȥ˳ս룬ͷ·һֱ̡

ԼӢ˴ϷʱǱ½뿪ˡ

ʱ¥û˯½ͥˣ

š½ͥ

Ǿͺáʱ˵ֵĿһۣ趼ţ

½̧ͥͷһۣ֪˿϶̲סͷܣңҲ㣬һֱ˵Щеûġ

ʱ꣺
ܺãúá

ˣ֮ǰתһǧ˵Ǹġ½ͥ£˵㣬úøβҪ뿪ҡ

ʱ꣺
ʱһ˵Ҳ֪ôԳˡ

ȻǮʱҲȡ֮еҡҡͷظˣ㡭

Ҽˡ½ͥͨ¡
Ǯʡ

ʱ꣺

ǣ֪׸ԼҳģϴŹɷݣټϻԪ˧ˣûǮô
ĬĬ½ͥĺѣͻȻ

˵ǲԻ꿵Сùô
ͦɡ

Ի꿹ƻ֪¶أˣǸɫĵرóԣ´ζ򡣡

½֪ͥˡ

ӻ֣ʱøȥ
ʱȥ˳ҳԵġ¥ʱǰѱ¥ϡʵҡΪһλ½Ԫ˧ʱû׼˯

ȥ֮ûǰǿŷϷǽ˻׶սǿ

ϾǱҪ·ѾŪˣȴмûкúˡ
׼չһ֣ͼв

Ͼˣʱ׼ȫһԣͿǸԳĳϷֲģְҵ˵Ǵ

ʱһ䣺ж񡣡

˵տʼǩԼ϶٣ˣôҲм򣬴ɼǧһڻ¡

ʱ꣺ż򰡣ˣ򡣡

ҲһµĹʣϰ㻨Ǯء
ȫֵʱ취СȥϿΣȥְҵ

ʣ¼һͬĿĵģѹӶûӣֱȫԡ
⹦򣬻ȥһϷء

 20 


ְҵǾܾˣǰ˵ʱ˵Ǽٵġ
ʱĻˣȻȦΪһὸУ˶ܿõϷеݡ

ǻһװһҲǣ˧ԵѾһˡ

ʹĴϷ̵˯ȥˡ

Ͼ岻ܳʱ䲻˯Ƿ˯ҲӰ콡»˶ôá

ڶ׼ȥϿΡ

¥վһİ׺ϴүƺڸ½ͥ˵ʲôȴǰһ
ɣҩˣСӣҵûȤͷӡ

ʱɻĿ½ͥ

һ֣ģô

ϴүԪ˧ʲô˼ôõӡ
ʣµĻʱˣϰȥѧˡ

ʣµϴүҲ֣оԱЩźԪ˧ôҶ˵䣬ߵĺӳֻŬϽĲ

½ͥһĳÿϷʱ䣬ŬϽĸֲ
ҪŬʲôҪô

ˣ˵͹½ͥ˵ע⡣

֣оԱֹааɣ
¶˵ˣʱҲڣ׼뿪ˣȴС鵽һҩƿ

ʱģȥʱˣô֣оԱˡ
ȥ

½ͥһ۾֪ԼĶǾӦʱģҶĶ

֣оԱȴϷ£ֿղȷʵĶҪݡ

½ͥ
ʱѦٽˣѦһ⻰ϡʲôЦ֣ϣʵҡ

ǸС޲ѧҩôûʵңֵ֣

Ѧ٣
ѦһѾ˵֣ϣǰԪ˧滺ˣڣҲӡ

һ׮ǮĽףܶԷסΪ˸½ͥơ
һЩҲǣҪʱæһЩʱ鷳£ϾԷ鷳У鲻û߸ɴûչߣƾͻᱻжϡ

⵱УýʵҰ

ƺء
ΨֻǮ

֣üͷСӡǸ½Ԫ˧ģǿ½ͥģ½ͥǰѵõĸҴ˵
˲ǲú̵ԼҪǱô졣

Ϊһܿҩû⣿Ѧĵ϶Ҳô

㶮ƨ½ͥѦپûôˣָеҩ˵ûĻӦǧٻ֭ҺҲоʮϡ
֪ʲô˼ôϰٷ֮ʮ͹ҩ׼ʮֻи߼ҩʦٲֵмҩʦܰ쵽˾ʮ壬ȫ۹Ķû

һ֮ǻһЩֱƵĿеķҩܣûҲȷ׿ûûȥ⣡

½ͥĶ㲻Ҫá

֣⡭

˵Ķ½ͥظҲҶ

֣̲סٴεԪ˧֪⡭˵ʵҸоᴿıһİٷ֮ʮ崿ȵĻҪ峺пܴﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮ

Ѧ飺Ҫʱ

½ͥ˵ͷ

ѦٸϽϵʱ꣬ߵĻظû½ͥ˵һһˡ

ǱʱĻظùðǮС

ѦٹŸڳˣɵԪ˧ô֪

½ͥǻ˵СÿǮ۾ġֲ˼ڣֻشҪþõˡ

ѦټԼԪ˧ûҲʣֻȥʱ걨ȥˡ
ʱ굹رʹ죺а¥ϻмƿǻҪô

ѦٸϽʱһƿ͹ˡ
ϾƷ

֣ϿҲգһ̲ס˵˹ˣһǧٻŶʮмۣƿأִȵģʮ߼ˡ

½ͥɨһۣոŲ˵̫С

֣ʲô󲻹ˣһһ򣬷Ԫ˧Ǯ
ܰôҪʵң̣ϡ

Ǳʱյһ̵ģϰȻ󷽡

һ˵˷ͬͬѧԼһȥҡ
ڲٳ˼һὼˣ˫ȻûʲôûҪ˵ģ͸ûƵġ

ߵͬѧ̸˼һὣߵѣ

ˡһͬѧǳԺͶʵģ˼Ҳô

ʱ룬սϵǱߵһƺ¾
ؼ¾ϵ˫ޣһ߻ָϵ˵ƱҪȼһώѵʱ٣Ǹ

ûԻ꿵ڣһύֳЩڣһSA򲻹ֻж˵ķݡ
˭˵¶ֻʱǾ䣬Ҫб£У

ǰʱ䱻˹˵ǴԺӰ컹ͦġ

ˡһͬѧ˵תػ⣬öͬҴ㣬ʱ꣬׼ôҸʲôġ

ʱһ£϶ǲҵġ
ϾԾ߹󣬷
ҪңôҲҸİɣ˵

ҲǡͬѧЦģҲϰ

˵öԣҲҸģ͸ˡ

˵˵ЦЦľ߹ٳһСȫûͬ·ļһί

һǸ

ȻʱûκӰ죬һĿλϻر
ѵõģ½ͥı硣

ʱк˳

Ǳ½ͥ˸ͨѶˡ
ϲż֣ϣֻλһԪ˧Ԫ˧˵ϵǹǧٻ֭ҺᴿʾȻﵽ˰ٷ֮٣ٷٰ֮

Ǵûйģûܹᴿֵز
һһȫһҲ󡭡ô쵽ģԪ˧ô쵽ġ

ܴڰл˫֡
ʱմӳͿ˸ۣ˸

Ŷ˵ԭһ򲻹󰡣´ɵǼˡ

½ͥ
صġ

Ǳ֣ǸСôϽйҪôġ

ʱ̵˹ȥͬķеᴿٷ֮ʮеܵʮ࣬кܶѹɹˣܻը
㣬Ҫô

֣ϣ
˲ˣʾ츳˼ңʾȡ衣

Ǿͺáʱ룬ʡ˼ôˡ

ǶôôߵģȻǷ˻յġ
ѰʱȻҲҪõȣǸ߿ƼƳ¶ȣȻѾܸߣԶ˻ټÿַ죬Ȼ᲻ôߵġ

ȻⶫôϡУ˵ͷŪǲǮ

½ͥ
֣϶ʱˣ㡭

û½Ԫ˧ѾǿӲĹͨѶ
ʱĶңģ۸ϲġ

ʱ굱ͷû⣬Ҳûʲô͵ۣϾǶôˡ

½Ԫ˧Ҫжһ£ͼǱʱһװǧٻ֭Һҩܡ
½ͥ

 21 


֣˵һǧٻ٣ϾǧٻĻܴһƬᴿһҩܣһǧٻֻһ䣬ģܶ࣬ԲŽǧ١

ʱᴿǧٻģû֪϶ˡ

һ㣬һȥһڿ϶ˡ

ϰȻʱʮֵĸˡ

½ͥΪʲôϴˣΪ̫
ҴҲǱʲС룬ǵСǮҲͲںˡ

ʱգ׬һʣǱ߸ǿŷϷ˵μһϷ˾ٰĻ

ʱ̳һδٰ죬ͦġ

Ϊʱ쵽ˣ̳ȫġ
һ¥˵ҪҲȥμ֮ĻϷ˾Ҳԭ

ʱȷǻֱټװĺÿϷ˾ҲΪ档

Ǳ߰Ѽ۸񿪵ʮ򣬲ͣȻʱ˵ѹͲСǮ

һ̣ͦӣҪ̨ݲٵ
ȫǱȽΨÿģȻҲмаģԷƺһȽǿ׳ұݡ

ʱһԼһۣô򲻳ĸоô

Щ˾ǹӡ
н׼ģҲû֣Ĺȴǲ٣˼Ҵио

ʱ˶Է˼δԼˡ

⵹ȫǽڣȷǸԻԼˡ

ôãʱ껹ûúء
ϴθԻԼŹˣ׼ֻ档

˵вٻ׾ֲܽӴĻסȻʲôΣģڹ涨ڵȴǿԵġ

зֲбרֻҪܣ뿪쿪졣

࡭
ȻԼԼǸ򵼣Ի꿴ȥĵһվһݵꡣ

õĵ꣬СVVIPһȥͱ뵽˰棬õʦæ

ʱ꣺
ʱ굹һҲ

ҲĨЩ߰Ķ

λһ¾ͻϲˡһԱ΢Ц˵֮Ƥ⻬ס

ʱڵƤҲܰס

ԱǸС˵
ý˲Ÿܷʱж졣Ƥ⻬ǼٵģһϸСë׶ǡǰƼĺܶЧҪá

λĲǲô

ʱ껹û˵ԻЦˣûûУÿʱʱ̶ֱ̿Ľ
ˣͲɣҲûʲôҪǺԺȪôпյôһȥݻ

ȪУʱ֮ûݹȻȤ

УҾȥȪ˵

áԻ꿵㿴ϲϲϲͷȪǴȻģȱĵҪá

ҲûķԱ͸ոǸȥ˺Ժ
ȪǸģÿһԱ߶һܴĵ˻¼䣬⻹һˣϾ˭ϲȪʱи濴š

˵ûݻͦá

ʱ̵ʮӣ˱㿪ʼʱ
Ϊһʺϵʱʱ䣬ٳͻһЩڸɣƣͷεҪȥЪһЪһ¡

ʱ굱Ȼ⣬ҵȻ԰ȫʮӡ
ڻֻǻ˱ʱûӦƻ˹Էǵʲô¡

Ϊֹٸϴȫһȥҽҵ飬ɴȪԼ·

ǱзԱǰΪ·
ǰǸʱ꣺Ȫ

ϵĻȪ࣬ϰ巢Ȫ⻨˴ǮĵĵءǷԱвˣרžΪȪ쿨ء

쿨ʱ⿨ôģͷҲһš

˵䣬ӭ߹򵼣ӦһЩү걣ȪǱȥ

˫ȴиûסͷʱüۡ

ôˣ̲ͬסʣʶ

ʶ㲻úôһͻȻеӺֲһȰӺҪµ

ɡ˵ӵȷе񡣡

ǰûİɣ˵Ҫ쿨ҪסһΣ´οʶһ¡

˵·һİᣬ㿪ŵİӺ˸һ

Щһ֪˵˭

ȻܿЩ˾͵ҴˣԻһġ

ˣˣǡʱʱүôϷûһģһһֱװէһ»װ磬һʱûϳ
˵ǰϷǲǵֵû뵽ôÿ

ӺɫŤʲô˼ҪǮȦô

˵׵׸ǮӺ룬Լ㻨Ǯһ¶û٣ÿ貹ôʱһʱô󷽡

ǱʱѾҵԻ꿣߻û꣬ڴЩĨ
ʱ˳ùһƿš

ԻάһЦ³ƣȴǾС˵ְҵϰô
ҩϰߣƿװҺɶ

ʱҺ壬ȴĳɷЩ˽⡣
ǶƤȽϺõһЩɷݣŵһߣԻŪ꣬˺һ뿪

Ǳ߰ӺȴĿڰùԴϷ̳

Ȼʱɺܻ

ΪлĴˡݿɿϢ˵ʱܾ˲μӻ

һЩʮź

һ뿴ϴʹеģֱ̫˧ˣΪܿ

Ҳ룬ǺԴɣϷ˾ҪҪϵһ°ȨȻƳʽ

ȻźҾһҲ֡Ͼʱ꿴žͲȱǮģԸҲ

Ӻҧгݡ
ʵò壬ϴ˰ɴȻؼˡ

ŸûãԱ졣

λСһʱˣһ˵ýƤôô

ǧȷ˼ûֱĽ
ҵƤҪôãһãҲ⡣

˵䲻ģôЩ꣬Ĺ˿ĸǹģҪƤȴûһȵʱġ

ӺԽʣƾʲôһԵǳĺӣƤƾʲôôá
ǸѿôƾʲôñҪá

ʱʱͬԻ꿴һ߳˵˵ЦЦſߡ
ӺԼҲͦ⻬ЩԱȴûڱôƤ

ʱֻһӱԵǳĶԡ
ʱշʱƬŵģʱ꣬ôôãҫ۵ء

׹ӣ׹ӣһԱվþδɹѰʡ

ӺϽָЦݣȴЦЩѿû£еȻȥˣԼõı´
һתȴһԹ

ʱ꣬Ҳùġ

 22 


ؼҺ󣬰Ӻ룬Ѽһּ˻
߶ʱʮָˡ

ʱ伾һόúǲôСȥʮֵĴܡ
ʱӺȻԸôܲء

˷ܵĸӺк
ӺǰʱôˣôңǰʱǸˣҵ治֪ǮƣԼװǱԵǳġ

Ӻмı˱죬ǰʾȷǱԵǳġ
ɿǰͬѧ˵Ļ

ѽͼһὣʱÿ컻·ϵĹԣԼķ쾹ȻǼҵ˿ȻЩҲûУƾʲôʱУ

һDķԡ

ܲϲûļҴʱǮҲûСǰЩǵ쵹ǸУӺܾãҪǮôҲһװɣ

֪ʱǮ϶ǰ׸˶ӿӹ̫ģԱ˵
ԲҲ˵˵ĻֻʵںɻҪ͵û˵ɣ

Ӻ̫ˣʱ˳Ƚĵطͬȡ
һήڸǣ֪˭ˣͱôšϻôϲҲ֪֪ɵЩ᲻

ԽԽþô£ʲôʣΪǮ˴ˣʱǰʲô֪ô
иʡ
ᣬԷǰôϲôͻȻϲˣֻǺڿţֻܹ϶Ͼϵ

ѹʱ̸ԺҸʲôʱֱ˵Ҫǿġ

ѧУľߣɲ˵

һԽԽþô¶Ҫȥ˵飬ȴǲ̫ҵġ
ʱˡ
ʼУ԰ʱ㣬ܿͱˡ

һ룬ͨѵĹϵҵһкܶ˿Щµˡ
ʱ˵ˣṩʱǰƬͷŴͶǱ˻

Ĳʲôǰѣ˭˽˭װô񡣡
ֱڣû˰ǳĸһڵ˵ûףĸҲˡһͼ˵ʱڱԵǵͬѧ˲ţҾġ

˵ֻ꣬ȥӺ˵ѾȥˣǸʱװǮˡ

Ӻװģ̫ðɡúɿһ

һ˵ᣬôԼôɺܾˡ

һǺ¡Ӻ˵Ҫ¼ɾ˰ɣһ˿ǲǾϴˡ

һʵɾӺĵÿһ䣬ϸϸƷζ
һ򵼣ôĸ˵Щľܾɾˣɾ֮ǰͼˡ

ǱߣλVϢһͨ㿪ʼмƻ
ʱʱѾϣǷѧ°Ĵʱ䣬Ӻܿ챻˿һѵ顣

ʲôЦʱģһĪ˾þ͹˵˰

¥ϣǿαװģȻôӵӰôģѵЩԱʲôʲôԪ˧ʲôʵ۰

һ˵ʱĸоǲһƷϸƷ

Ȼܶ˲ţҲ˵ġ

ȻҲ̫񣬵֤磡

һĻϽ˵
ʵע⵽ʱˣǰҲû˵ǰ飬ûţţ

ʱûϽ⣺ʱǱԵǵģǰͬѧǸ˵ʱر٣Ҿž۲ͲǮ
һЩ֮󣬸ⲻ֪Ķʱ굱Ƭһ£λεҪ˶ˡ

ʱϢټ٣㷴ģٵҲᱻΪġ

ֻ˲䣬ѷ
лزȵġ

һͦϲģû뵽ôģ˰װ

¥Ϻú˵ء

ʲôᣬ˼֤綼ˡ¥ϵǸСɰĲԲз۰ɣԲзˡ

׵ģôڻû壬ɲԸ񰡣

˵ǽ˿ȸأ˿ȸֱӳѾעҪ·ɡ˵ǮҲôһֻƯĽ˿ȸ

ԻֱӴͨѶڴ࣬ôҪҰæôҼȻʵҵģЩ繫˾ҲһĽ顣

ءʱ˵Ҫġ
һ߿ϵۣһϵ½ͥ˰æ飬Vô£ǲǱָʹ

ϾЩϿŲزʶټϣ֮ǰǼҵ뿪֮ʱȷоúж

ϣ
˭ҥʱڵͬѧʱﰮĽˣһֱźðɣΪҲãϴλԼǧٻϰ
Ӧĸͬѧ¶ˣȻʱ߰ûĸ

Ի֮⣬вϵô£˭ں
οģϢʱ궼ˡ
Եʱһࡣ

ʱ׳˵Բзۻֱͬҳһš
ֱһ˷һϢ

˵֤磬˼ǰ仯ѡĶǿ˵ȻУҲ֤硣
ȻһѵͼӦǸղʱȥġ
ȫʱʱϷ¼ϷС

ʲô˼¥˵Ϸôʱ䣬ÿ춼һϷɣ

갡ǰǻ˵ɼرôҲǼٵİɣ

ͷ˿ϢͿһͷôѵû˿¥ܽ᣿

Ҳɻ󣬶Щ˷֪ʱ£Ҳ仯ܴƱ˰ͻȻǮ⼸һֱϷʱܳټ춼Ҫѧû٣ȫУ֪ôʲôĽỨǮһˣϷΪʱϷ

һ۳׷ת

 23 


ЦˣһҾ;òԾȻĸ۵˸ôҾĻˡ
PSһսһ£ǸڱܺãҾȫûҪٵһ棬ͬ⣿

Ҷû뵽֤ʱҪסˣʱһŷϷңûǮҲ𣬾ͬѧռˣܵԸʱһ
Ŷ¥˵£Ǹǰģڱѡ

ʱͬѧǷ׷׸ų
һֱӣǰ˵ʱ겻;ļˣ˵ϵʱ꣬ʱ˵ӵһŶͻȻתԽ࣬ҥ¶еԽذɣ

ˣ

ô¶ѹֲһʱ塣

Ȼʱ绹ʱ磡

ʱ굹ûôӣֻڵ½ͥǱߵĽԡ

С£һ۹Ԫ˧˵ֱǼ򵥡Ժܿģ½ͥ㷢Ϣǰˡ
Ӻг䵱Ľɫ

Ѿˣڵ濴˾ǰӺˡ

û̵֤磬ֻõ˹ڼһήġ

ʱ˵ͰѼһὸǸVһˡ
ҥ̰

ǲѣһ־Ҫ

㻹˼ҳ壬ʱ˲һų幫棬ֱӸ㡣

¥ϳԹϲʱ绹һԼԵĿǰ

ѾˣûҲַϢȥ
һȥͱһλۣһȻнڡ

ʱ껹ŵںһ䣬ģôǮϷ
ǰǷʢϷ嵥һ֣һλл

ˣһٸÿһ顣
ûתҪǲ±Уǵʱ˺ϸ˵һĲ˵ÿ˶෢һǧ飬Ϸ¼λˣߺŸ

һ˶ˣǮϽϣɵӡ

壬ΪǮ
һ򰡣ʱȻϣУ
˭ϣأҲҪǮһùˡ

ĽǸҰ߸ߵŮֱڶˡһǵһμʱôֱ׵ģֱӸߴѾڶһ

˼Ůæ֤Ҳͦ۵ģһ⣬ڶôҲҪڶҵʱôû뵽Ϸ¼ء

˵ôĽǶȣһ˭õ

ǰ˭뵽гһգ֤һûбԭǸ꣬Ц˺ðɣ

ȷʵЦ¶Цһꡣģ˻ؼԼϷĽңҲҪ

ңҲڣǧУʵڲ򣬶ʮҲǲҪҲа

ҲаЦ˿ɣ˭ҽ˿ȸģǵ

һʼҾ;òԾǼô󣬵۹ҲмϵԵ϶ǮˣôĴˡ
͹ֻûʱĴգ˵ʱǱ˰ˣ

·ĲôˣͲ˼أ˵ʱĺܶ·ưɣ

⵹ǣͬУͬѧ컹ʱײˡһٿǮ߼TܸײҲǲ֪ô˵ˡ

ǰѣиɵģҾһҲֵ°ܻܸɳϴУѾ˴Ժѧĵ½鷢
ڵȷûʲô¹¼ˣֱӸİˣ

һʱ֮䣬۶֮㣬ֱ֪֮࣬գ֮ɢ˳ȥ

Ͼӵһٷתģ˵Ŀ⡣ʱһӵɵʱȻ㳤Ҳǰôظһʼ˲ˡ
мϵǰ°ʱǽЩطȻ

һƣϽԼǰɾˡ

ȻѾˣǰĵΪϸڡȻʵ˵ǰô۸ʱģǻĳֶ˼׫˲٣˵ʱڸʱ;Ǯ˳ȥ

ɵãԼԼƶϲǰԲǰһʱû˷֣ͷһϸڼֱȫ˵ͨBUG
Լϣûͳһһ¹£ҳ˵ͨĵط

׷˲٣ɾ˶ûá

ʱﻹһҥģһ档

ǣΪɾ˾û¶ˣҶͼˣ㣬粻Ƿ֮ء

ŵòᣬһ˶ϴּ治ͣˢϢһʱҲˡ
Ȼʱ·ûƵģǸһ
ôʦ㣬㷢Ϣôأ

ŷ֣̫ˣȻû֡
ŶŶˣ͹ȥ

ϴ˰߳ϴּ䣺ˣ֪ʦҸʲôô

ͬѧ˵ʱ㣬ҲӦø˵ЩѲ˸ϵ

ûԺֻһͷ
֪ˡ

Ǳ߱ȻҪӦ

ǴVɶ飬ͷһμ·
ҲʲôֱӸˡ

䣬λεĽʽˡ
TMDƨİ˭ҽôǮġ

ʱҵһὣû˵ôǮǹ⺦ҡ

һ֪Ǽʱ϶˵ġ滹ȫŽڵͼԼӵġܣ

ܵģʱôôǮôܣ

һͻȻЩųʱǰͬѧıϣҵ˵һ˽ȥ
ʱôǮ㲻˵ǰô

ɣҵ

ҪˣĻʱŭ磬㻹ǰأ֪ô
㣬Ҫ㷢ЩĿܸŲȣҲʦйȥܻҪǹ

˵УͲǸˣ䵱ڱأSҿǸ

һֱͨӰѼһὸ˵ˣĴ˰ΣͻȻӦ˺ܸܿһǿʱ̫ãԳûµġ

ƾʲô
Ҳʲôöƾʲôû档ҪЩһʼҲᶨΪװǱˣ㣬ҪǾңҿ϶㹩ȥ

ңֱըˣƾʲô˵ʲôˣұ¶ˣҸʱ걻ˣ

˴СʱֱǱô¶ʦˡ
ŷӦƼһʵ̫ʦˡ

Ǳû˻ظ˼֮һάҲ侲

ˡ
ޱʶһ㡣

ôߵһء

ӺˣӺء
һʰӺô죬Է֪һеģ֪ҥ治ǣʱ걻ˡ

Ұ׼Ӵ󣬰Աϣǲǿԡ

𾴵ãѱԷ飬ϢᱻԷգ衭
һ¾ǣֵܣ㱻ˡ

 24 



ӺһбʱͰѼһὸ, ǰ̲סֹһ䣺
ǳ²࣬Ͳָ

ʱͣˢϢȻûǣ, ҼһǱ¼ɾˣ˭֤йء

ʱ齱ȻһһǮ

Щ˻øƵ, ûǮġв²ļҵү, Ӻп˼ǵѡ
Щ˻ŸпԸ

Ӻ

, ʱЦʷ
ӦǴӵǸƵнسģģӦ̨ʱһƬ, ̨ߡ

ʲôأһ, ӺϽ˹

׸վģü㶼ʮ, ҲһЩʲôӡ
ѵ, żЩСǵƬҲٿ, ⹦򣬲翼ǿǰүүᵽ

Ӻһ㶣Сǣ

׸üͷøˣô㲻⣿

ûû, ллְֹġӺϽ
ȴţǰôװ֪С, ʲôô

ǸŮ˵Ҫ߾ߣƫȰ֮Ĺϵϣ¸׾Ҳĸ׵ĸ鲻
ȻһDķԣŪô

ڰӺȴǲ飬ֻ֤ҲЩʲôˣðְַġ

ϵһȴǸˣһû˯ڶһͱŵǾˡ

ʱѾ壬ǼѾǸVץˣߺԥľ͹˼һὣ˵ںָӵġ
ȻԼʱ겻죬ûûԹģôͻȻҥҲǱƭˣΪԼʵϢ

Ǽʾ֣˵λҧʱᣬʱ굹վɺܾѧУ

ʱ磬⾫ģô¶ûһӰ졣

ʱһۣҪʲôӰ죬һǰѼ᣿

ǲ˷ôһͬѧ̲סЦǰҪһ죬ұ֤ȥſڷűף

˵һӦ˰ɡ

ĶǷѧң׶Ǹ߲Էɲһ治ⷽģҲһ¡
һżһήʱᱻмꡣ

ᷣôܺߵľʧѡһͬѧ˵ͻȻһ٣ԣһôܸô

ίˣҲʱԸԸҪżǮҪôҪʱҲŲԸ⡣

ӺԶҲûȨίҲû˵һίֻ뵽ʱòǮʱ϶ҲǮ

˵˳ʱ꿴ȥֶԷڴͷ֪ʲôչȥһԤϰα

ȵȡһͬѧҼǵݺ꼶İɣѧܵҩˣھǽʵˡ

һڣˢˢԻ꿶һۡ

ʱ꣺ͣ㿴

ʵʶôߣĿǱ䣬ʱڻпмһ¡
н޵ϣһжʲôϡ¶αʵⶼˡ

ϾСħץãΪ汼ȵȹͯʱʵʱѾͯˡ
µڣʱرúöҰ棬ûʲô̫

͵£ֱ죬ŰЩα

ٶ˿ɲá
һͬѧ׷׸пѧԾѧԣ¾ǣҲѧһŵģ

Ի꿣鸴ӵĿһ󣬵ȴҶɢλˣ˵ûȥ¼һ¾

һ٣СҲǴڵġ
ʱģܾǰرװôھ϶ӵˡ

ʱһ㶣ŶͷҸɣ

Ҳֻ˵˵
Լ¶Լʶ¾ųƾߵ½ͥȲϡ
ľнʶһ£ôֻܻԭľ߿ΪԭûˣҲɢһͨˡ
һ£һϲԻǽ͵ˡ

ȻǰҲûõȥһ޵ͻȻΪ㡣

ôֲͦǾԲȥġ

ѧУǱҲܿ˴ʾʵǵѧĸ飬Ϣ
£͵žǱߵĽˡ

ĻһˣһΣãѧУ϶ðˡ

һSڱʷû쵽ϵİɣ

ϾͲ

ͬģѦҲڸ½ͥ˵飬ͬۡ
ʱͦģһûԼĵİ׼ҼϹϵҲû¶ǵĽףڶûʲôںǮˡ

½ͥڿļ̧ɨһۣⲻ
ʱǸӣͺܴ

Ѧ٣ǰɣǸŵĳСӣ˰Ǯ

ֻѰơ½ͥŵôǻΪôôţҲݣߣ
ˣһ϶ֵȥ㡭ˣҸҰִͨѶɣ

֡½ͥżɽҿĸƺеģҪҪǴȥתתѦٸ㷢⼾ںʵĵط

½Ԫ˧ʱŭСӣ鷳˰ɣôô룬֪衭

½ͥţô£һæͷġ
˵꣬͹ͨѶ

Ѧ٣

½ͥûסüġ
Ҳ֪ⷴӦߡ
ʱǷ޶氮ֻǸ⡭ֻܿѦ٣ʱ귢Ϣи׼ɣ

Ѧٵ˵ͷ̽ξ£һô

½ͥͣһ˲

аɣ
Ѧٻ㣬ȴǸǵġȸʱ귢ϢתͷҪȥ龰ʱͻȻԼԪ˧ʱͨѶôΪʲôԼ֪ͨ

ܾеû׵ġ⡯룬Ԫ˧¸ٸɣƺͦġ

Ǳ߽ӵϢʱ꣺
ʱŭһµĴĴָ

ѦǶˣϰǲ뱻ס
̲סʱʵ½˺ܺõġӦҲ鷳Ϊ鷳һ¡

ʱꡮǡһӵȻ֪㿴һ浥Сʮֹ㡣ôλ㣬ˣôǲСԡҲô㡣
ԸһֻܱԱ¶ڡ

½ˣܸоһעŵǿ
ʵǲð찡

ϰ壬û뵽㾹Ȼôסʱ껹ûס½ͥϢ

ԭΪϰˣ˭⻹к

½ͥһѦ٣ƺ˵ôС¶첻á
Ѧһ޹Ҳ˭ϣ

½Ԫ˧Ԫ˧˼·棬룬һ䣺
һǧ򡣡

ʱʱ˵ˡ
аɣǮǴү

½ͥ˿ȻɨѦپȻǣɵ
վʲôεĵطҺˣ

Ѧ٣

 25 



½ͥǱ߷ʱ˿֪, ߷ѧͬѧһ۸ͣһѧûһ۹Ȼףһϴȫʤ顣

ɣʱЦ˵е, ҵȥ죬룡

ָͬѧЦ˼, ֱӿŷ˱

½ҪһЩ, ʱԷѾɳˣڿļ¼
ͨ, ֪ʱ½ͥûаʱԷ

ȻڣᰴʱԷˡ½˵

ʱ˳ǣ˵ʲô¶ءʱԵ, ӷڲڻ˵ء

ϰ˾, ô˵ô˵

ǱѦټ˷ϰ
ǲģϾһһǧ뿪ӵĴϷ

Ѧٽʱ, ʱ½һ۵Ŀʱ꣬, Ҳ̫ù, Щôôôܺҥ㱻˰ˡ

ʱҲǣҿǻᱻôǿʵԷ

ҶҲ˰½ˡ

ʱ꣺Ҳԣϰ嶼һ, ֱɶ񡣡

ҶҪܸɳ飬ҾͲ쵣Ժ¶ˡ½˵ʱһ£̧ͷɻգһ, Сģʱֱ飬֪ķӦ⻰˵ͬӰƵġ
ȻҶӵԸ֪ǸɲġֹڸɲԺҲԸɲȻܴȡ

Ƕ˶һۣγĳĬʼһǸкǸV
ӣҲ̫ˡ½һۣôء

Ѧվһߣã룬ࣿвѾڵýȥô˵Ǿȡ֤⺢ӾԲԼԿ
Ϸʺô

ҶˣǸռҲʵ̫ˣúá

Ҳôãáн磬黹óȥȥȿȣЩǾܸһϾͶˡ

½˵˵ͷ˵о仰˵ûƽʱ·ȷҲ̫ЩⲻҸ˲·㿴

ʱŷ֣ԱߵǸСѾ¼ܶˣÿ涼һ·

ʱ꣺ȵȡ
¥ϻһӵأôñ䶼ҪŲˡ

ǻ治ĸӣһĶܴ󷽣·

ֻһۿȥ֪ĸӶ·ϲþԲͬ
ѦٰԪ˧ģǶǼ󷽵Ŀ½Ŀʽǰ硣

ʱȻҲϲģϲĺСƵġ
½Ҳ̫ŮЩ

ʱҪкܶ࡭·Ķˡ

ѦѾ˵۹Ǻã·һһÿ˵ָӻ˶¥ȥñ档

ż½˵СȻϿһȻһֱôܺÿײ˭֪ҪǲĻ˸øĵĸģûĻ

ʱ꣺
ʱ۾һᣬɨѦ١

ѦپԼòңΪʲôҪЩ

ǸǸ½ˣʱ䣬ǲǸóԷˡѦһʱÿԷ׼ʱģһؼҾͳԣѾһЩ̫á

½һӦȷǣң¶ˡ
Ҳˡ

Ѧſھǣһôˡ

˲ˡ½˸ϽҵûȥϹһԣԡ
˵꣬ľˡ

ʱ꽫͵ſڣŻͷѦ١
Ѧ֪˵Ǿ仰

ʱСǱһָ˵Щ·ҾܾĻӶµġ

Ѧ٣

ͷȥû¸ɵʱһĸո͡ʱ˵ͷҪϰҲܷ롭ˣҪҰѸҲһдˣһͬ಻ôͬ

Ѧ٣
裬ְ

ڡѦûסʱжʱĳƺҲҪܾǷˡ

¡ʱ飬֮µġ

Ѧ٣ɾľ۸ǰɣ
Ҳ棬ҲҲඣ

ǱʱѾûϲˡ

Ǳ߸Ļ׼ˣһҲʼֳһγܿӡ

ʱ̵Ŀˣ£ֻҪʼɷǶùһ߶ȥ

Ѧ١
Ѧ̲סԼԪ˧һԪ˧ҺðҺðֻҥԣ

ҪģҪٽһ̯ôһϱٵͷԵͺʮꡣ

ʱԷѦٸϽôˡ

ʱ˳ǣ룬ǲǴЩ·Ǹ㣬㴩ô
ų

ûһʱӵѦٷϢ˵еˣæ½ͥϱ㲻ˡ

˰ʱ֪뵽ʲôζЦˡ
Ц꣬ѷ˳꣬ʰ꣬Լ˶¥

¥ǱһѾ졣Ķȫ˳ȥȫǸԹҩܣװ˸ɫҩ
֮⣬һԻһЩĳʼϡ

Щ֮䣬ȫźߣԹ

ʱ˸ǷһߣǱһҩ˳Żֽӹ

ŪЩһΪȫ̫˷ѣȻϾң˵ĵ̣̫һ˴ƼƮԹܡȻֿԲ󣬵һǼġ¹ʡ
ǰ׼Щڣ˲ϸֻЩСأЩ

ʱ˲ٶһŷűڣԼȥϵԻ꿣ƼʵľƵꡣ

Ȼ˵˸ҪͣǵȻ롣
вͬѧ˵óСֲȱǮȻǵľ۲AA
ңҪȥõط

Ի꿴Сǳ󣬶ЩֱָơܿƼҺʾƵ깩ʱѡ񣬺ֱһҡ

ԻƼ⼸ҶʺȥģһЩϲȥĶС
ʱǼҲһ˵Ҫ¥¾KTV;ưɣ¥ϻиϷҡ

Ȼڶͬѧһ㻶

һȥ˸Ʋ¥ȥ衣
мȥ¥ϵķϷҡ

ϷҲһȫϢϷҪеĸʵҪھѵУ浱ȻҲУԸ˻ûʼ
ֻһЩ߶˾ƵרŵϷʼһ

ʱΪȻҪŴ󲿷ֵͬѧȥKTVûס¥Ͽ˺üۡ

ԻûסЦˣ˵һ򵼣ôڱƵġ¾ǣƼ߲

ڣѾ˿豸һͬѧʱ꺰ʱһס

ʱ˰֣ǳ

ͬǺ㳪һףǴ

ʱֻǰǼʺûKTV裬ֻڼסáϾʺüǣԡ
ϾǷˣȻƣһԭģһɺ͸ʣ㿪ʼˡ

һڣʱкȫͣˡ

һˣ˿ڣ
ֵ죬ܳôиͬѧ̲ס

ڹ򰡣ʱ糪ԭô

ʱ޲ǽ˿ȸô˵ͺܺ

ҵø޹ϵ󣬰С޻Ǳڻأѵǽɣ

Ǳڻλ
Ҳᣬˤġ

Ц˼䣬мʱһס

ʱ굹Ҳƴǣֻǵһ˰
Ȼ衣

豾ʮֺʱ곪Ȼʤֻ֡˼ԭԴ˸Уʱ곪

ʱûһ˿鰡ǰҥ鷢ʱ˵ʱǰԼһὣԼһύи飬иܰ質

һ˸裬ⶼҪɷֿˡˣҲû

Ǳʱ곪꣬ѻͲԱһͬѧһݡ
ԼȥֵһѵĹ֮ĽҳԺȡ룬׻ǲģȥ¥

Ի꿱ģЦˣȥȥȥϽȥɣҰк
ʱҲľȥˣ߰ϷֺиսأҪʼ

ɲȫϢʵս

Ȼûл״ʱ껹ǻٸļƻȥ·롮ܡȥˡ

ҾƵ׼ķ豸ʮȫʱȫװֳܿ
ѾвɢˣһСŻ

֪˭Ͼ̫ʵˡ

СŻƺʲôڣȥǰ˺ݻʱû¶רļ˹򣬱ȥˡ

ʱ¥ϼȥϷͬѧˡԻûʱ꣬

˭ȥͬѧ֣Ƕ˰Ƶôһʱ·

Աһͬѧʱ簡ȥϷȥô

ûûСͬѧʱû档

һ⻹ˣúõʱô˵ûûˡ
Ȼ߶˰ɣ

ԻѾϵƵˣ߲һ¼أ֪ȥ˺ˡ

ǹǹսһͬѧզ࣬ʱȻҰ

սϵȫڱһϲ˻׵ģȻȥˡҩȫȫ򵼣ڱľ̫ѧҩ
ЩУҲģҲϷԲμʵսϰƵϷ

ǵܣʺá

˶ʱʱɹ¶ʱ粻Ҫɣ

ᡣԻ꿺ţȦϹܣǶսϷþõġ
İɣ߾вרҵ棬вپУѧŶϢһУͶУҲ˼ֳء
ʱꡭʱƾеɢͷһͱ̭˰ɣ

ͬѧ̲סʱ磬˵Ƕ벻

С壬ù˭

 26 



Ϊ˭Ҳ򲻹ʱ, ˿ڳ

ûôʹϷϷ棬߲ʹ졣Ȼϴŵ·ƽʱĵ, Ӧһ£Ӱ쵹ҲǺܴ

Ҳʮֱ棬ϰ, мϾɵ¥
ؼر, Щɢȥ׻ײһ

û汾, һ־֪

ʱܿͷ֣νм䣬ɢмˮƽ, ȻСŻˡ
, ƾǽ飬͵ġ

Ȼȫǲˡ

ʱȦʱ, ͬںȻһЩʱܲٿܳʮһǧףʱٿȻ˳֡

Ϊ̫, ʱ겻, СƺڱԵոɢ˵ͷ

롣
ʱ򣬴ɢ˸ʲôȻǳöԷɢ˵ʱǰǰ

ֱ̫ʱ, ֱ˸õطá
ȻôõǲãҾˡ

ǿֻҪ, ȫطĲúԱĸ˵ʵЩ۸ˡ
ʱ˸ǷŸһ·Ȼǹ䣬һǹ
ƫˡ

ܳ
ʱܣȻλá

һҪ飬ǹǵһ档
֪ʶҲḻ

ֻõϣһǹ⡣Լʱû˹Ľһ
Ϊ˻һ˹˳ֽˡ

Ӵ
ѸղſļǹԺз˸͸ӵٶȣʲôǶȥ䵽ƫǶˡ
ŸϽ˸طá

һأƻȻ׳ɹˡ

ǿ㣬ǹȻû⣬ȴ̫˳֡ʱ룬ͷܲлᣬһɣ

Ȼʱ򣬲˵ʱ䲻ӵҲ
Щ˵ӵжģȻãԲǹ

ʱ
һУͶУ֪һʱͷ

ôˣһͷģʡ

һͬѧ˵ԷǶһͷǱ˸ˣԻǺСܳ
ѾʱС

Ϊڲܼ˵ֻһʵĳ

˸ϽҵطãʲôλģĶȻĲǺ˵ĺϲ͵Ϯ

ԡ˵һУǱߵˣҿˣǱߵͷûǡ

ǾɢˡͷǸεɢмġ

ʱѾ˵طѸ٣ɴ䣬ֽܿһ

ԷҲǶУģܿ췴ӦѾץʱβͣǱʱˡ

ϰʱ˵粻һ㣬˵˵

ԲͨˡһУͬѧ̲סҲˮƽɣĸô

ȳΪ׵˵ûҪӲգǵҪĿĻһУЩˣȫ治ֵ

ǱߣһУλ˭ʱ겻֪²ӦǴͷ˰ɣ
˰ɢ˴˸࣬׷漸ͷֱ˸õطʼ

ǰһһɢˣƱץ˵ˡ

ԭ˼Ҳᵽû뵽ⷨӣǲһʼðʱţŹעⲻĵط˹ȥ

Щ˲һϾɵ¥Ķ¥ʱҲʱ顣

ǱѾʧˣһûˡͬѧӦкɢˡ

ʱֱӴͷ£һ߷ɣȻžžµԱߵ
ҲǾУΣʱ̣һ㿪ǹֻڸ첲ϻһӰս

벩ɱʱǹѾûʲôˡ

ʱһ˿顣
䲻ڽҲûٿС˵ûǹ

ֱֻѹϣԸǸġٶ̫죬λͬѧŸͲòϽӭǰ
һҲٹæ˿óӦǺܺõѣϻĬ

˭ʱꡭ

ֵܣȻ֪ɢˣôôСİʱ˵˴ʱͺ˵Ǿ仰

֣
ݶƽƽģôƤӵģôû

ļ֪֮˴򲻹źŸһĶѡ
ͬʱһҲȻ׼ȥǹ

ƻǲ߹˫սһʱǱͰסһǹ̫档
𶯡

һ˵ͣ˶Ȼʱȴͣûֱͣһ㶨Էָһˡ

ˣ޳ܡ

ҾˣôҲ˼˵ұ޳ܰɣʱ˺˵һ䣺ϾҰ

ʵܺϾͷҲűװƣЩˡ
˻üôãЩ졣

ŶԷѻûϹʱѾٳˡˡԡɳ˳ǣϴϷˡ

ܵһط׼

ղŵĶ׻Щ̫ǿˣڲرǿϴѧУȦǿĻָ˻ָˡ

⹦䣬ɢûһһһУʣµˡ

ɢˣѾ³ˡ

һУͶУһʣһʣĸ
ʱ룬ֿ˿λãĸǱȥˡ

йǰ飬ԷԽ˺ܶࡣ
ʱ굽ʱۣͷһǱһУһˡǱ˻ͬʱûģܿǸɢˣɱԼҲ߲ˡ
һ֣ơ

ֲ˵꣬˾ûˡ

ʱ·һٹȵĴ̿һ㣬һһ

Уļˣ
ģĽǻıŰˡ

һԼﶼô򲻹ˣǾûôˡʱ껹ǸһʱûֱǸһУײϡ
ΪʱڣУرСģҲ˷һУ

˫ʼʱʱųǴò˳ʰо֡
һ·˶˸һɶ

һУĺͶУģ
ͷһ˫ͷһ£Ҳһ£ȫһʣ

˵ĶġڴһУλͬѧ̲ס

ⳡô㣿ƽ֣УǱҲ˵

ʲô㡣ͬѧ˵˶Ѽˣء
Уҵվ˭ܾϤ϶ĶǸʶġ

Ǳ߶УļҲͬ뷨
Ҳվûߡ

ŵţһУ̲סôͲأޣǰҿ϶ҵλãҲڱϷˣһ·

ޣ˼ҲУһãҾ㻹ǵЪˡͬѧЦ
ҾûصӣߵķֲѧУּûܹרҵѵҲ࣬ûûصģޣ㻹˴ô

ʲô˼ѵһ򲻹

˫ͽš
ʱԻ꿴żͬѧˡΪڰ˺һ󣬶ʱԹ

ģϾ
һУУ⼸УʶԻ꿵ġƼʱû˻˼һС꿣˵ͦǸʱ죬ôҪҪܽܣʶһ¡

Ի꿳һۣһȷʲô·Ҳˣ벽ռĺ󳾣

ʲôЦ˰ͬѧһ֮ǰʱһǹ򵹵Ǹһһ̯˵ɲҰʲôʱһףҶÿѶһƬġ

ǣÿһζ氮氮ʱе̡
Ի꿿Ӹͦ죬ȥȥȥӵһߣһأųĢ

٣⻰˵ġЦǵأղиɢˣһӣǾ뿴˭ǹû·ɣ

ҲŲԻ˵Ҳˡ
ͬѧСʣǶˣôʱ绹û

ʱ磿ͬѧ⻰ЦˣǸƯСҲȥˣǵɣһ֡

ϵѶʱɲɣôǰ֪أܴ棬չҵҡ

ѣûʲôֻ˾ܲˡͬѧ˵

˿ֹ˵ҸղŴмû᲻֪Ҹɵġ

ˣ
ñߵʱ꣺

ֵܣҼǵøղҲûԴôɵأ

ʱꡣԻѾ
ֶЩһУͶУ˵Ǽˣˡ

ȵȣ治һ¡

ܣʶԻ˵תߡ
ʣǸͬѧͬѧ棬һġ߰ԴŤ˻ȥˣûӰˣ棬˳˵һ

Ȼһֱʮӣû˳
һȺ˽Ա֪˶߹ˣأû

ǸȥˣѵǴǰܳǵͨɢ˸ˣ
ǡ
˭涨˼ӮҾͻһߣ˼ҽų̿أ

û˻˾ʱ꣬ǾʱˣȻ·ˣϢ˻ϵڵġ

ʱ굹ȷʵϢһһһˣֻһų
˲ϵĺҲˣŰñӸժˡ

¶Ķֶ˵ЩͬѧˡҰһ׸裬Цŵ٩
ʱʱ磬²ǵһҲҪһ߳ˡ

ɣЩ˲ǻڵǸʲôô

ȥȥȥ붮ô档

 27 



һ, ˸ˣʱˣɢ

ʱְ˷Ƿֱͻؼҡ
Ͼкȵκ, ûġȰǺ󣬾Ƶſھֻʣʱ꿡

Ҹǣ¥ϵЩϷյˣԻͻȻ

ʱ˵ͷ, Ͼû, ܻЩ档

Щģ˵ͬ;Уõһʵǲͬ, У;ԭʵȥܲ˻ǿѹԻ꿵Щĵûʲôͬϸ, Ҳܽȥ
ǲͨ, Ϊûо˻ס

ΪûԸ˿ţٵÿҪ, Ҷûȥֻ浥

ʱ꿴һ, ܶ, ϶Լϲ¾ϲɣ
˵ǰָһָ˼ˡ

Իһ£ٴȤ, ҶΪϷҼġ

ԼңӪ죬ӪȫϢա
֮, Ǽ׬ǮĿͬкǮԴԴϵġ

ĿǰûԲʱֻЩ߶˾ƵϷˡò˶ãӦþͻˡҪҪĻͷһ̨
˵꣬Ǳ¾Ҳ߽ˣ˱һ£ʱ˻֣һˡ

ʱҲԼķ

ʮְȫʱûȾƣԼؼҲ⡣

½ͥҲǸոջûãѦѦٻЩϵ飬Իû뿪
ʱʱľҪſڳһľ㤡

ʲô½̲ͥס

Ѧٿడ£ԣȷ£ʱȻҰЩ·߻ϸ

½̧ͥͷһۡ

ѦԪ˧Ҳ룬Щ·ʱǽүǴҴأǻܿôŶûô

½ͥĴĻ·㴩¡

Ѧ٣

ʲô½ͥüԼĵ̻ģʲôӡ

Ѧٳ˳ǣ˵ϵǲ£ΪɶؼҰ
ûæһҹ࣬ѵ

ˣ
˵

ȴˣʱƼ½ͥûסЦˡ

½Ԫ˧ʣôˣȥ濪ĵģ

ǡʱǿڸһˣеЦ

ѦٵһĴָ
ɵƯ

ˬˡ
Ѧٱѹһֳһĸо

½ͥײԪ˧Ȼȵסüûȶɣ˵ʲôأ칤ûôæԡ

Ǳ̨ʾֻæ
첻æΪ춼ˣԻˡ

Ѧʱ꣬һڴȻʱʮֶüþգЦЦһġ˵ʲôʲôɡ

Թˣ¥ʱ˵ţ±壬¥ȥˡ
Ѧٻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀš

Ȼͱ½ͥһۣ㻹˯

Ѧߡ
ùΪʲô

¥ϣԪ˧ˣѾĽϷˡ

һǿŷϷʱͷ˱֮ǰˡ

Ҳ룬Ͼ˼ǰŸհһһһعһЩټһЩңͻֺܶࡣ

ƵʱҲʮ֣Щһ˵ۣ

һܣΪʲôóûôأ

öɡҵЩԴֱˣʱ굽ô뵽ġ

ʱ룬ǲ뵽ģǰнùԡ
ΪʲôɣΪнģװָҪٲɣ׻ô

ŷӦϷô࣬Ϊǳ
Ϊ⼸ʮֵĻ𣬲Ϸ¼ô˳㻹һЩϷӢˡ

Ҳ˲˽

ʱ껻õķ˷ȥʹʹĴ˼ܡ
һϷͬѧûߣʱǺȶҪǿʱ̫ؼҾֱ˯ˡ

Լ浽ȥ˯ˣڶһӵǱߵͨѶ˵ǰѾòˣһ

Ҫ˵ͲȥȥﰡԻ˵Ѳɻڲɣ

ʱ꣺νԭе壬˵ëضûС
һмҪ

Ի꿣ҿ㣬ռĸɵ¿ɶˣɲ

ʱûסЦˣԻԿ
Ѱɣ

ʵ
׵ľûŰɱ̬־ᶨΪޣʥޣдУǲ֮ʱ֪ҲͬС࣬˲·ǡ

Ҳֹڴˣʥĸǹð¯һˡ

˵طʱ˽ȥ
ˢ֤֮㱻ߣ˼һὡ

ԭʶʱ緢ʱļһὺûҲ֪ϴûϴ֮ʮûо
۾һ¡

Сꡣĺ

ʱŲһ٣Щĵøҹ³
㲻ú˵ҲûжԻıҪˡ

һɫһ٣˵û뵽㻹ҡ

ʱ֮ǰѾ˵򵥵һώ֮㿪ʼǸVҧ
ҪǸVҧţ˵ĵֻǿһήȷʱǰѣ֪ƭˡ

ȻǼʾҲɵӰץ˵ʱ˳Ҳȡ¼һ֪û˼Ҫϸ֤磬ͷβĶǲ²⡣

һ߻ҧһˣ

ʱһͶˣõȷҲͦġ
ҲȷϵˣΪûôأʱ

˵УǱѾ˴ӹҲù

ʱʵ֪һ飬һύһˣӺ

ӺΪѼ¼ɾˣʵͼˡ¼ʵģҪ˵ӺյЩǿУϾԷ˵˵Щɣȷʵ濴յĳɷݡ

һͶ·ϵϰ¹⣬˶ˡ
ʱҪʱꡣ

ô˵Ҳ뵽ģǰûһήʱ֪ôңĲҡ
ʵͺˣ㸴ϣʵϲ㣬ǰֻǴΪԼϲӺ

븴ϣʱЦˣ븴ϵı־ġǰĲ˵㻹ڸӺϵұ˰İɣϲ

һΪһֱңû취û취

ʱִ̧Ļҽ㣬˵ЩġҾһ⡭

һὣ˵˵

ʱʣҵĲ²⣬˵ȻSģ벻˰Ӻ۲ǡ
ȻӺĿģҲܸһ̫ͷŲġ
ԣ˭Ǹʱ͸ԭ̯ơ˵˭ãӺѾҪһˣҪҵʱ򡣡

һһ㶣ʣʲô

áʱαһ

õϢԭ⣬ӵʱˮʵⲢһʱԭˣվŵģǰѦٴļأҲûκ⡣
ˮ⣬ǲŪһҪˡ
ҪҪ档

˵ôһǳӣǵ棬Ҳһ˻

ԭôġ
϶Ҳʲô⣬Ȼڲ֪֪ģֻΪ

ʱô죬ΪԷٴγ֣˼Һܳס
ֻѰҵˡ

˵ɣżһὣʱ겻ͷ

һ૵ң˵ˣܲܳظ棬֪ˣȥ֮һȫȫ㡭

ʱ꣺˵

һģˣǵʱ˵飬˵ǰӺѾģΪѣԡ

Ŷʱ궮ˣоΪˣͨţҲԼƾʲôܱ˼ҿϡ
ļҵꡣʡ

һόԹ˵ˣֵʱ꣬ʱܱܲˣġ

ֻ֤ûֶ㱻еøءʱֻأƶбͷúʦá

һǶ˵λᱻУ

ͬ޹ءʱ˵һֱǣѵ֪ȥʱҥӼɵôպһ꣬ٱͣƾײǹˡ

һôôģҲǷ˸ԡôϲ㣬ҲӦϲҵģǳȥһ𡭡

ͣʱֺһ糿Ǽʱ˵ʲôˣҲ˵һ飬ҾӦҪɣ

һὣ

ұ˵ʲôңӺܹ㲻˵¹ô
ʱЦϲĲǣǹ˵òԴ

һ˵ڹʱʵŵģҲֻΪʱͻȻǮΪԭдʲôΡ
Ŷ䵽زʱҲڣǺԼõǺԼôôùǵĲʱôˣǲǾûˡ

ˣӺ¼һݡʱ˵

һֵЩǶˡ
ﻹҪһҪ

ָǲ鰸Ҫֲǲ鰸Աڰ֮ǰǲҿЩġʱȻͬˣȻûˡ

ʱջõ¼Ϊһὲ֪뵽ʲôͻȻر𼤶ıʾҪ¼
ʱãǾȥҰӺ鷳ɣ

ˣĿǰ̬ЩڣȻҶôˣҲù
һˮһ

һὣʱ˳Ի档

ȻԻ꿵Ҿ侢Ҫ⻹ԭǻͽˡ

ʱ˵ͼһģǵðʲôز۾ʲôܱԭ
񻹰ʲô¶Ʊϣ˭Щô

ʱ꽲ģ漾һήĳЩԣԻ˶ɵˣ
֪λһ浣ʲôʱ䣬ȥҼҾԼ᲻ô

ʱ꣺
λܸߣҲܳ㵣ĵ顣ϾֲԭԼһὴûʲô顣

ң
и˸˵֮䣬ЩìܣͷܿԴβͺͣȫȤʱ˵΢΢¶һѪ΢ЦҲһ䣺Щԭϵ⣬ǰԼõͱӣ

ԻЦһõͱӣǲͱԼģѽϳԼ⣬;Ѿˡ

ҲԡʱЦˡ
Ͼʱһˣ߲н磬ͱҲˡ

˵Ż׼ѧУȥ˾֣ķ˲ʱ䣬緹ֻ·Ҹպˡ
ϣʱӵ½ͥϢ

½ͥؼңмҪ

ʱ꿴Цˣؼҵһֱ㣬ҾȥһءˣҲæ
ϻȥϸ˵

 28 


ѧ, ʱֱӻؼңһȻ½ͥѾǰˡ

ȥʱ, ѦٵͨѶڷţѦٵı鿴Ρ
ֻŽĴɤ˳ͶеӰҲϤ, ϴμλ֣ϡ

Ѧ, ҸԪ˧ûţʮҪ, һõһʱ䱨ȥ

Ѧ٣ѾعϢˣ˵ϱ

ôû֪ðٷְᴿǧٻ֭Һ滺ҺЧκһ滺ҺҪöôҷԪ˧ˣ̸ôˡ֪ǶĺϢô, Ͳܶ˵, ܲҸͷ׷ʡ

ѦޱĿŸոսʱ꣬ȻһưͨѶ

֣ϰ, ô̸жǰ¶ƣ̸۸ֻ𵽷ð

, ѦŽʱ, ȴûӶԷпκδǮҪ˷ܡ
ƽĺܡ

̫԰
̽ղû

ˡʱ˵ôһ죬ְɣ

ߵһԵɳ£û˰æȥȡܹ
Ž˵滺ҺƳõıǧٻΪһȽϡټ۸߲ƽ, ֶȡʹûԼ۸һֱӸ߲, Ÿĳڵ䷽ΪƷ

ƷЧȻԭģڼ۸ƽۣڷ
ǧٻһȻġ

ϴǴһǧٻôʱ
۹Ʒ滺Һ⣬ƷصƷƷȼ֣䷽ʵһֻǧٻᴿ֭ҺΡ

Ѧ١ʱһڱܣֵĿѦ٣㵽Ϊʲôãһѧҩѧģôձڶõҩʷһ᲻

Ѧ٣

ʱſ½ͥǱʵô

ˡ½ͥЧܺãǰɫҩʦҲֻᴿٷ֮ʮߣᴿģЧƳ滺Ҫһ
ΪʲôĿǰ֣˵Ϊٷְᴿʱ䡣

ʱ˵ͷֲ÷֣ô

½ͥ㲻

áʱ˵ͨͨõǽڵʱѾˡ

½ͥ
Ѧټֱһ䣬ѵ֪ܼжȥ٣ⲻֹڵ鰡

Ȼʱӻ֣¶ҪǿŰ죬ֻҪһɶҲɾ

ѦϡĿʱ꣬·𲻸ҪǮͻȻǮûȤˡ
ʲôʱһۣȸǵͷһҰ¡

Ѧ٣
½ͥʣʲô¡

Ҳݼءʱ˵űӼһõĵַʱ䣬Լʱλá
˳ܰ쵽Ļһˡ

Ѧٿһ½ͥԼԪ˧ͷû⣬ȥ졣
ô򵥵飬ܸܿ㶨

ʱųıܡ

½ͥ˵ֻһҪеǧٻ֭Ҫҡ

ʱ΢һ֪⣬Ϊ¢ϣֹƱزࡣ
½ͥҪ滺ز١

δ½ͥľֻSAʹˣģѵ̣Ծ񺣲Ӱ죬ԽԽ㡣
ʱ򣬵ͼ滺ǵȻҪõҲԽԽá

û⡣ʱǧٻ㸺򡭡

⵹ʱ᲻ǮϾǧٻƱˡֻ֮ҪõƱز٣ŵ깩Ӧܻ᲻㣬û·ֻܿ½ͥ

½ͥȻû˾ǩһݺͬ

óԷˡǩͬʱ

°꣬½ͥҲ˹ԣһȥ˲
ǱѾһӣ컹ֻôз

ʱԵ㡣
Ȼ
ԵԶҲ²ס죬ֻ˵ſѦٵı飬ƺô˵ֻΪһݼأơ

½ͥѦٰʱôû취һ棬ڸҵ٣Ѿˡ

ʱһЦϾѦٰҲμأܾûϻһɣ

һήĺò飬˵ġ

ʱҡͷЦЦû˵
ҲӦôƶһˣʵ¶ܼءʱҪԽϣ

˵½ͥô֪εĲò鰡ϰ壡

½ͥ㱨ĵطֲʲôʹԺҲһЩܵطҪļأûʲô⣬϶ֱӾѦˣûҪóô֣صᡣ
˵ʱˣȻⲻ⣬ָر˳֣ʵﻹи˳ӵġ

½ͥǰ˵ϻµʱ򣬾ʹ֪ʲôװˡ

ˡʱ˵ǹܸǹʲôô

½ͥУͷҰŸ˸㵱̹١

ǲءʱ˵ԼھУģԼġ
̹һ̫ŵô졣
ǵҾ˰

½ͥ˵ͷǼѹңȥʱעⲻҪһЩť⣬еطļȰťǺɫġ

СʱģûùӣӦòŪġ

½ͥ
ŪôСԼûˡ

֪ʱϲһЩ̼Ϸ첻ڴܾڴܵ·ϡȴ֪ʵжҪʼˣĪš
ѹĻΣգ򵼵ܲˡ

֪ˡʱһŹǸ˵ˣ˵оиҵ˼ˡ

½ͥ
ĺ

ϰʱ˵ҪôǮϷǾԲ˿ȸӡ

ƺʲô˵ӲЩ˵ʲô˿ȸ֮ģһʱſڱտھʲô
½ͥЩΣʱ귴Цˡ

ЦҲԵòˣֱӾ¥µҡ
Ȼûǰ޸¡

½ͥЩģڽķ˻Լʰϴ꣬ȥ

ȥʱʱڳһֿڣ̧־Ҫȥá

½ͥǸء
ʱѾˡ

ɣƽʱø̲ܶƵģֻõģһֻţãȻĿ
ŶðΣӦǺͦصġ

½ͥ
˵õһЩƿǶšô
ⶫٶٽͦ󡣡

ġʱ

ʱ˳Զһ£ӦǿŲġ
׼һ£Ͼǰʵǽ壬ڵȥᱻʺϵĵط

½ͥҲֻ˵Сĺ
˵ˡ

ʱ꣬һûǹ͸͵Ϯˣ˺ǹ
µȻ־͸ɣͱ޴ĺˡӦ죬ǧһ֮ж˵ڶڡ

˴֪ۣŻ㡣

½ͥһ˲ѧϰʽŸ֡飬ٸһֱԼûˡ

ټ˻ˣϾʱнָ̹
Ҳûĸô

ƽʱͦôվͲ֪һ

ʱûҪ͸ϷƵģͻˡѰ˿ܻΣգȻǲµġ
Ӧ

գ֮䣬һͲڵˣºԱߵһǹ

ǹǰھƵõǰѺƣֻӵǱǼٵġ

ָкûвʱǹǹкġ

ǰǱߵսϤǹһֱ㣬Ѿγϰߡ

Ĵǹڣһߣȥһ

½ͥ

ں棬ڶԷŪʱʵָͣء
ʱ겢ʲôҪѦٿ¶Ԫ˧ǲǱˣȻΪʲôôˡ

ʱһ࣬ߣͷʱƼ½ͥӣһ㶣
ϰ壬ô¶ôо۾ڷ⡭

û¡½ͥ˵Ǿͦģֺܿ죬Ҳݡ

ʱתͷԺ۹⡣

һ·ȥһֱһ䣬֮ǰ½ͥĴǿһ䡣
ȥǰʱͿһۣť

һǿʼһǰա½ͥ㿪ŽȥǰһҪȷ̵ŵģȻΣա

ʱ˵ͷƿš

һǰκһ䶼Ҫ󣬿յʲôûСֻҪһ֪ߵĲÿ϶зġ

ǰǹǼֻһǽֵܵڵǽݶ͵ذ嶼Ĳʡ
˵Ӧûѵѹ豸ڣˡ

ô󡣡׼վˡ

߿ϰ׶ս½ͥ

Ǿѹ֣ʱ롣
Ĵ˿˽ôá
û

Զ̿ơ½ͥϾȫһϵͳ׳¡

㵹ҪĻ˻Ҫϸ񣬲˱һʱʲôΣһӦͬ׷֡
һ֣棬Էһʵѹȣװֱ

ס氲ܲڼ½ͥ͵СĽЩԱǶҲҵģһֱΪסǱߡ

ʱ·ʱƼȷҹﶼвţű߸Ԫ˧ݾ֮
ͦȫ۵

һ·Сںţλһµģ½ͥűãʱӦͦĵġ
ԭϲЩ

ʱѦٵͨѶˡ

ʱɨһۣףô죡

ѦٵĹһֱ½ͥոսͨǱԼĸٵԪ˧¶е㲻ԡ

 29 



½ͥӦʱ, ֪鲻̫װ졣
ѦĲ֪

Ѧٻռ˴ˣϴβ鼾һڳ桮ι㡯ļһôȥˡ
˻Цһ, ô򵼣Ȼ˳ֲһ£ʱˡ

Ԫ˧½ͥͨѶҰʱ˵ĵصʱ, ȷ鵽, 򵼣ȥһⶼû, Ѿ״̬
ʱģֻǼǰļ¼

ˡ

ҲˡѦһ߷һ˵˶ûʲô˫ֵ̥ܣǶӡĸǱҲûгر, ϴõܱ֮࡭Ҫ, Ǽҵ겢ûҵ˵Ѽ¼

Ѿм겻ֽˣֻһЩ֮ġЩǮǲģǼоõĶǹˢ
ʺ, Ǳ߻ᱣÿλ˿͵ļϢԼ鲻, ܲŲȴ⡣

, Ȼûнʡ

˵ȡļأԼǼҵ˷ԱԱļ¼Ҳڲ顭Ԫ˧¶̫԰ʱΪʲôͻȻҪ, ֪ʲôô

½ͥȲţ˵

ѦӦ
Ȼ͹ͨѶץʱȥˡ

Ȼ½ͥʱ곰Ц̫ͣ֡ײ¶, ɵҲ֪϶д⡣
ʱ겻׷ˣ¶ҲŪ

ϳ飬ͻȻֵġˡͻȻʧӰ
ԷĿʲôʲôЩǱҪŪģȻ˭֪׵ʲôʱը

ʱߣͨѶ֮½ͥûеһʱΪʲôͻȻˡ
˾䣺㿴񲢲֡

˵˸¶ʱ˵飬һʲôҶ֡
˵ˣѦ˵浱ʱλû¶֡

Ͼͨˣڲġ

⣬Ǽ򵥵ġ

ʱ֮úܣСϸϺܶ඼⣬Щֲ飬ûӦߵıȴһֱŵġ

ȥ˯ˡʱ˻֣һһߵ½̹ٽܾҵǺ

½ͥ

Ҳ֪ѦǱ߾ǰٿ죬¶Ҳһʱ׵ġ
ʱҲൢ飬ֱӾ¥Ϣȥˡ

˳ΪСҪ½ͥȥǱߵҩһ£Ӧûᵽǧٻڵط

߱˸һ£ЩҲ𾪡
ôܣ½ͥ²Ӱ࣬˲ֹһλףò⾫񺣣ǿ֪״̬ǲ

ҩÿ¶ôʵ

Ա˵ˣоǱǵ˸ҩвģ

ûáһ˵

ľγŵסֵѵǸСоƳ˴ƷʲôЦ֣ĸٷ֮ʮϵǧٻ֭

ոյõϢ½ͥǱߣԼҵ·ǧٻ



ǧټƣβ²ʱ겻̵֪˯һе硣
¥ʱѦý

鵽ˣʡ

Ѧٵ˵ͷҡҡͷܲĶˣ塣

½ͥҲ¥ߵʣô£

˵ȷ״̬ԭȥһ̫մ¹ʣʱ̫մ棬ѣʬĸ˱Ϲģܳ
ѦٵҲõʱķԱָˣȷʵͬϿڻ˼¼Ҳûд

˵ûкȿȣҲûгԵС㡭ΪʰĵԱЩ֣ǵЩʮȷ

ʱ꣺ʲô

оǡѦüģ˵ļأҴǼҵ꿪ʼΧ幫ڵмأûκһĵˡ

Ǽʸ߿ƼУ˵ϴּԼңûȫ˽ġ
ˣ˵ű㲻ˣTMǹ¡

ѦҪѹͲš

뾳Ҳû˵ļ¼Ѧٵ
Ȼǿ϶ģ˵ĹˢҲϲ˷ɴġΪղһ飬Ԥϡ

¶
Ԫ˧¶Ҳ̫аˡ

ѼƵҡʱ˵

Ѧٵ˵ͷ

ʱֱӴ򿪣ֻһۣͳ˳ǡ
Ƭҿһ¡

Щǲ˵ģѦ˳ʱ̧ͷһȷˡ
ϲ㣬ûֹѹһˡ

ڿҲ˵۾
ֻħ塣

ѦƬԱȣȫȫһģһ
ͣòš

̫һˡ½ͥͻȻ֤ʱҪͬܶһʱĴ粢һֱһģһ

Ѧٵ˵ͷҲǡ
һ˱˵ʱ䣬ܽ춼𣬱糤˸

ң½ͥ˵ܾ֮оܴ

ܴʱֲͬȻ˸Ƭֱǻ˸ˣȴû˾òЭˣ½ܾͥааģûЦȴҲоЦƵġ
ȷʲôģǲ֪ߣ

ܡѦǼҵзװã˷ԱҲˣǺȷԭװ
ǱҲû˵ϼߡˣͻȻʱ꣬ʱΪʲôͻȻҪˣô֪ġ

Ŷʱֽӹţ̣һںȹ⣬ڵɱҡԣͬԩ޳ģɱӦǡ̧°͵һ½ͥҲ޹۶ԡ

Ѧٿʼ룬ɱ²Ų顣ͱŸᣬЩ˵ĿΪԪ˧ľûܻ⡭ǰԱǱߵˣ

ǡʱҲ͵
һһˡ̧ͷ½ͥϰ尡⻹ͦණ޵İ

ħ嶼ˣҪ֪н綼û
ȫڷӡǱأڿüŵĴڡ

Ѧûע⵽ĳƺǶ½ͥע⵽ˣֻΪƲϰ׼ңԲԸ⽫䵱˿
ȷ׼ҵĺܶΪȷ̫ˡ

û˵ʲôֻͬȷҪǵĻܶ˵ͨ

ȱǣȻʱĸ׵ʱգִ˱ԵǣһݡʵЩֻҪϸ飬Ǿסģ֪׼ȻҲܲ
׼ǰ֪飬ѡʱ꣬ǻ뷽跨硣

оԺˣҩжֽһ

ʱһ߳һ߿䣬ʣϰҪô

ϰ岻ԡ
½ͥһۣǰ飬Ϊʲôڲſʼ顣

ʱʱһ̯֡
ϾմȥҼһὣױδˣ׷š
ô˵¶Ųɡ

Ȼ⻰Ӳȥˣ˵˺ĽۣңҲʲô£

Ūôס
Ļ׷ĻʱǱҪһġ

ˣҳԺˡʱ˵һѧȥˡ
ٲ߸óٵˡ

Ѧٺðŵô
Ҫɱ㣬вʲô¶
ʲôд£

һǸôЩбһصļô
⣬ͲԼˣ

ʱʱϢѦٸϽ㿪ȴдţˣǧٻʱ򣬷¥¾С¥еңҪȥ

Ѧ٣

Ǳߣʱ߽˽ҡ

ƽǿţ쵹˲١
ͬѧһСûʣµ졣׷״кŻȥԼġ

ô¶һŮͬѧЦŵ㿴Ժҵӣ˸ʲô۾ôôǶɳɶˡ

äеӡһ۾رЦرŮӡ治ܹҡһŮͬѧҲЦˣſ棬ȴǲ͡

ʱһۿŵšƬ۾ţЦǲ𣬽Ƕֵˡ
һԱȣ˭Ϊһˡ

Ҳ̫ˣһͬѧ˵ԣҲäáȵȣٿһۣһۡ

ǣʱ̲סʵ

ͬѧⲻǰ೤ͦǸǸųܴȡݣԭģء

׼ôʱͻȻ뵽ʲôʡ

ʱһ֪ǰǸŮͬѧһεſϣҪ˵ġ

Ȼ·ڴƵģǱߣͬѧİԭˡ
˵һģһѾˣէһѹ

ҿ˵ԽߣԸϸԽλ˵żԣæ֣ҾͲˣҼ̫Уһԭҩɷݣǻһԡ

ʱôʡ

ʱҡҡͷʵĿҲһ

೤Ƹ㡣

ȻʱٻǮһҽȥϴּ䣬ǰƵ濴ħèŪȥ
û⣬Ѧٷ˹ȥ

˳ˡ

Ѧʣǣ

ϲľǡʱ㻹浱ǳĿ

Ѧ٣
Ͽʼͼ档½ͥ߿һ۱ס

Ԫ˧ãһˣȫһ

ǰͷƬֻ˵󣬻ͦÿûʲôɫżֱеģȴƯЩĵĵزէһŵа
ѦٳٳٲŷӦаȷʵϼеҲУԣ·ǿαװƵġ
⡭Ʒߣ
ʱô֪ԭʲôġ

Ƽ½ͥ˵

Ѧ٣ɶ
˼һŪôġ

½ͥʱڵʱı֣ûôֿһֶֻ

ܡ
ѦԪ˧㵱Ҹһû򵼰Ƕͦġʱľ͸ˣϸ첲ϸȵģҪܵ𵥱ֿڣҵࡣ

½ͥۿġ

Ϸɡ

½ͥͷҲҵ㵹ࡣ

Ѧ٣
𣬱ɣ

 30 



ʱ˿֪ڵŵ, ƬȥϿˡ

ԻƼЦˣѵüô硣

˯硣ʱ˵

Ϸո㱸ˡԻ꿵ʲôʱ͹ȥ

ɣϻȥҲûЩ˵, ʱѵַ

Իһ㶣ԭҲס
иסǰʱ軹, Ҹȥ￴, ˱Ķ֤磬ʾûһֱӪҺ

ʱ˳, ˵֪֪ϰô

μ, ʱյ½ͥϢ˼Ƿǳʱ, ܣ緹þѧУԡ

ʱ꣺
ûסһ䣺֪

յӦ½Ԫ˧

½ͥƤһ, Էǰڷǰ˵ģġô
, ԱһλϽ·

Ͻʮ, Ѿӣһڱһ򵼣Ӧо顣
ʣϽƽʱô

ϽСƤúܣͷ, ɹ¶˵

ô졣½ͥԱһ£ʱԶˡ
ȫʵʲôӹϵ

ǱϽൽѵСʱ, һ٣͹ˣСӲС

½ͥѯʣ򵼣ҲҪô

򵼣ϽǵȻܣô죡ҼڶԵúܣ˵ʲôһ㶼档

½ͥҪͻȻأ

ȥͨϽ˵Ļһ

½̵ͥܽĵ˵ͷô˵ǸøʱҸ衭

µϽһ֣ûּǰߡƼ»Ѧپ͸ˣѦ٣¡

Ѧ˹ȥϽ

ʣԪ˧ôˣͻȻ򵼵Ľ⣬ѲҪСԪ˧ˣû˵

Ѧһ¡
ܿ췴ӦôˡԪ˧зӦþ͸ǸѲ˸ϸ

ڱԩʱѹͲ֪¶ϢͼĿˡ
ģûȥҺóԵĵ꣬ȥѧУʳá

ԻҲûȥǺ¾һʳá

ϴγʳûǸʶʱʱʱոһί֣У̳ӻڣʱĶ˿
ȻҲУֻǰǷܱߣǷﱾˡ

ʱ걾˵̬ʼһ˹
һӵĲˡ

Ի꿶Ѿֲ֣ʱܳԵúܡ
Ѿٵˡ

ԣԻʡ

ʱ꣺ʳζ̫ζԵС
ƽʱԵöֻǾúóԣʵôҲܱҪʳر𰮳ԵĲҲУ㲻һ

ͬѧкʱ磡

ǲһˡԱ߲ԶһһͻȻ뵱꣬ڼģ˭õء

һȺˣǼһήСŻʣµǼ

벻Ǽɣ˵ôôء߰뷨˽˵˵ҲͰˣɢ˵ôġ

˵ˣ翴ռӲãȻTMD

ͶԲˣƢǿԺгϢ˭Ը

һĶʲô˼ϵǸ۾ͨ죬ڲ취üô

ͬһˣðβſƷ
ʲôء

ǰʥĺôʵеô˻ء

ǣƽʱЦ㼸ʥĸ㻹ˣȥʥˣˣộ

ҪһʱǱһָԼȥԣֻҪʱԸ⳷߾Уȥ

˵꣬˾Цˡ
Ҳ׷׸Цˣ֣¶

ȴʥĺ͵ֱߵһ͸ûƵģֱʱߣһ͸˹ˣʱ꣬ҷͳ߰ɣġ

ʱ꣺
Ի꿵;ˣʱҪ㿪ⲻܵģҪ١

ʱŷӦԼ̫ˡ

ǰнûٱ˹ŽүүЩһ￴úãûϳǷ˾͸ҳץˣùغүү
¶˱㲻ʲôȻǻȨȴ˹һס

û뵽˵һһ棬˸ģȻͦꡣ

˭뵽أȻΪ˼һὸʱ¹򡭡

Ұʱ걻ԻһߣŵҪӦȥһόЩ˲ѵ¶¶ˣʲôã
Ҿͺϸίɣ
ã
˭ҵùǶˣ

ͬѧӦǰʥĺʲôأ

һСҲˣڰɣҲûԼжİ

ʥĺһήԼˣҪҲ׷ŹһδεģԼ㣬ʱٴ鷳

Ҳֱץȥô죬ô졭ʥĺʱߣԽԽͣ͵塣

ʱһüĵȻԭļ֪ⲻǸöɣȻⲻΪѡ
أͼʥĺͻȻ𣬳˹ҺùҺùҲù

ۿžҪ֡

ԻҲͺ¾

˭ҲûϵһĻѧУʳá¾Ӷأǰʥĺ죡

ΧŵͬѧеҲмڱϽҪְæӣȴƺʱôҲҪһµġ
ϾҲ̫ˡ
мСҩϵѧԱѾҿˡ

ȴû뵽ʱְ̧ѶԷĸ첲һץȻһվ˦һߡһ룬Ҳ˹ȥ
һŽʥĺסݵʥĺ۵ֱл

Ϯңʱüʣ˵Ҫˣô

Ի꿣
¾
Χ۵ǰҪæͬѧ

׼æļˣǶһҲ֪ôģֹһ䣺ǳӢ۾ǷֹΪ̫Լȥ

ô˵⻰ˡҷ׷ǰʱȥʱ꣬ʥĺĸϽ˰ãٲ֪ķ裡

ʱǼһ߲Գ£ǲܵģ侲侲Ҳ֡

ۻˣʵΣ
ãһ֪ĸͬѧ̲סп

ҲΡ

ôһ¸շˣôһڱһʮɡһô

ʱ̫ǿʥĺ̫ˡ

һʱ֮䣬˶⡣
ʱϵ˸ʹţһ˼졣

ãһ˿ڣֲǳKʱȥμʲôսģ⡭ˢӰ

˵ģǰһֱʱƢͦãԸһήǼоͿó׵úݣǣʵǱ濴ź˵¶ء˵һۣʱ磬ʵ㻹ͦõġ

⻰һʱ걾˶̲ס˹ȥ
иͬѧ̲סʱ粻㣬

治ǡͬѧϽʱһоֻǱֱĶˣҪͣǰˡ

ˣ
֪ôģϸһ룬ƺô¶

ʱʦҲѾ˹

һͬѧ׷׿ڣѸղŵ˵ˡʦøóԷļԷʥĺ칫ңʱΪˣҲҪһȥ
Ի¾ͼýͬѧҲһȥ֤

Ÿս칫¥𣬡ʲô˵ʲôڱ򵼣ĸѧʲôҪôѧУ۸СôҲ֪˵ʲô߲źһͣˣģ˸ģ
ʲôû򵼸ŵˣͬѧȥ
ʦԽԽ󣬡˭ѧУѧ

ʱ꣺
˼ٷʥĺ

¥λʦڼ򲻹򵼣ˣҿҲѧˣϽ̸ǻؼιȥɣ

ʥĺͷúܵͣһ·һɥòеӡʱȴͻȻˣģرĲԾ

ʱûסʦҽһ̣ûĻǿ϶б¶

ʦ˵ݣһ·ײϽͨѶλʦ

Ρλʦ˴ˡ

Ǳһʥĺ򵼸ŵˣ
Ȼſмʱ꣬Сӣ
ɵƯֲҪ򵼶ֵڱ͸ô򡭡ˣתǸʦܺҲһ𺰹ʲô鲻ǺôʲôʣԷʱ䣬˼ȥԷ
Ǹʲôģ

λεĹٴ£ʱ˳ˣʥĺˡ

˵ⷢʲô裿һ˴ͬѧ̲ס

˭֪ء
ʱ룬϶Ϊ˼һ὾ˡ

 31 



˵ȥϸ˵,ٻȥʳóԷҲûʲôˡ
ǰĴڷˣûġʱ¾ֱӴ淭ģʣ, Ҳ²ȥˡ

ʱ˸ͬһļλͬѧһ絽׻ûܳԳʳá

Ϊ׮, 극û, ǱζҪˡ

ʱѰ˼ţò׳ԻʳöܳԳ¶, ֪Ͳ½ͥˡ
ϰ塭
㿪ͨѶ׼ָϢˣ뻹ǹˡ

ˣ͵ذ¹, ˵һ㶼ϡ

ΧͬѧڲͣĿʱ, ȫ𾪡
ʱȻʱ磬һ֣ţ

˵ʵҵԻԼû˯, һְֻ֣, ôһ˦, ôһڱ˦ˡ

Ի꿶һģСô쵽ġ

ʱͣʵշɳȥûô׼Сһŷ

ˣ
࣬

Ҵֶӽ꣬ҵ־಻ǳС, Ŷ֣

ҡҡͷⲻܱȣȲˡ

ֹǰ, ѧУ˶顣
ʦ

ڱ¶ʲôʱǸ⣬˵ûˡ
¶Ҫʳüأƶûš

ϾڱɲǸ岻õ֣սϵ꼶ѧ

Уˣսϵʦ˸Ѫͷ
Ҫݾô̵ѧһһήˣֳһʥĺ鶼óؼû

¶ֱ̫࣬˶֪¡

ʣһøô¡

ʦڸʥĺ̸ǱͬѧҲڲ²⣬ǷһĶô¶
ҪûһὲֵܣҲ׶Ӱɣѣϣ

ܾĲԾ

һСŻѶɵţ˴׷ҡͷǰûǹϵܺðǹǶִ˵ġ
˵ʵǱǻðɣ

ô棬õϿεʱ򣬻ҪϿεġ

⣬ЩͬѧǶұʱûɡ

Ϊǰһήֵ̫󣬶ѧУ˺ܴʧ¼ѧУɢȥ
ʱꡭ

ʱ겢֪ЩˡΪϵһ룬ʾҪϸϴּʱʦһɵĿ
ʱͬѧʦ֪ίѧУһһĽģǾͲء

ʦʱһҵʲôˣʵ¡ϸ룬ǰĴβǼһ¶ء

ʦ

ͬѧϸһ룬ǰѧУ̳Ϸ̳ٵǼһȶְ

߼á

Ҫȥϴּ䣬ô¶ұˣ̫ˮϿǰȥϴּ䣬ʵ̲סˡʱһ̯֣Ҫ뷢ȥϿǰͷˣõŵȵڣ

ʦ
ˣϽȥ

ʱɴ˽ң߲һϽţǱ߱ͱˡ
ȻΪϴּ䣬޷ˣѵɡ
Ϊ˽˱

ڱ¥ǸƽҩŲϵķ䣬Ӷݺύĺֻͨӣûʲô⣬ã΢ЩӦġ
ڸոգЩӱˡ

ôʱദ½ͥ˴˶ԶԷ˵ʮ˽⣬˷ܹ黹еġ
ʱãԷӦĶ¥Ķ

˵ʱ⽻͵ˣٴ

Ǳ½ͥʱڿᣬͨѶͻȻ
˶һ㶡

½ͥһɨʾʱ꣬Ͽô
ʱʶ£

һ룬ԭͶƵҪϵĹϳʱֻһͨûüʱĻѾڣ
ϰ壬ڱ¥һЩ̫ƽҩ

û˻϶¥ȵȡ½ͥͻȻʶʲô

ԡʱ˵ȥˡ
ˣͲ֪˭ˡУǵúȥ˰ɣӦðҩˡ

½ͥѦ٣Ѧ١

ѦӦϽȥϵˡãԱ߱ǵˡ
ǱӦһӦߣôܻᱻǱ

ڣԾ

ðΣǱߵ˴ϢǽˣѦ١ǵһǽȥģǵû֡

Ѧ½ͥ

ߵǽȥǵ÷ֹҩ¶ʱ꣬ҩʲô

ȥˡʱ˵ݵĻݵģ˿޵ЦĻ˻͵ġҪǴʲô

ˣ

ϢЩҩƻڵģǽӴ͵ģֻҪϷֺרҵ׾С

ȻǱߣƫƫû˵ǹźֹû֡

ʵǽ첢ǳģϾΪ½ͥһֱסĵطǸڡ
ɺϵķ֣ߵı֮䣬ʵһصС·

ǳС·ġ

˭ϵһڴڿٵ
˶ʱһ

ЩҩʱõһǱһѵǧٻǻʲô׵ġ

߰ϢԱһ

Ա˶ʱȷ˵СоԺƲɫҩԭ˱ҩʦҩ

ֲ½ͥúõķҪȥסǰǻǲܲˣԭΪ

˭õأ
̤Ьٴȫѹ򡣡

Ա˷ܵǾΪ˲ע⣬û㰲úúãǳô˻ᣬһ

½ͥʢӺ⹫̲סЦǺǵΪԼǵܵ½治ȥ˵ŸСܴܴ̣ˡʣǲԶ˰

ΪˣǾ񺣿ҪŲסˡ

䵶Ūǹϻ׵ģ϶񺣲ܰıȵǣȻķЩúš

Ѿ׼ǰ칦ˣǱǱȥһϲ
û뵽εȻôס

ҪСһЩһСãǸҩʦòڡ
ȥǸȸϣȴһЩƷȥߡ

ʲʲô

˶¥ƿһ䷿ţͱķˡ

ʱǰջıֽϾ㣬ǽڶǿԵڵģ˴ɭ֡
ѿܣҲǿͩ

󴲶һߣһԲ
ҲһƬȻ

һʱֱֹ̹⣬ӭؼҡ
ָֻһƬ̣Ѿ۾Ϲˡ

⣬ҩʦסȷĸǷһķס

ʱǻ֪Ҳʲô

Ǵҩҵʱ˲ͱĺ߸𺶵ˡ
ȷҩĵطߵĵطô

ҩһһָǱǲϡ
Ͳ֪λҩʦǸʲôëϲú߰ŴšʵӦòЩп¥ЩƬЩƷ¥Ҷߡ

ûʲôͨĺߣҲûװʲôӦһ˵ģҶǰпġ

ȻûԤϵƺʱҰġ
ɵĽģеĻûϵô

ʱԼʱͲôЩߵʶǿЩСϸҲʱĵС˱ˣ͸ˣȻҩ͵ˡ

ҲһܣͨһһٴԱߵġ
Ǿ͸Ķһҵģӵҩµ

ִܱҲǲ˵ġٺõ֣ҲӦԲ־档

˵ֻҪ˾ͲУ˵ˣֻצץġ

øɴƻˡһ˵ţͻȻһ٣ŹЦ
һͻЦһţϵʱͼصԹܣ׼ûȥһƷСֳŵ˵ϣҩ

ǷָֹƵģˮ˺ܿ챻ҩӴ֡
űһ

½ͥ˹ʱһЦһղҽڵֲԡһȺ˴ŷֺרҵ׳˽ȥ׾ٵĴȻ¥¡

һԣѾǰϢػˡ
ȻǸҽе˲ҽʱѾԤˡ

ЦǸɶҲɲˡ

Ŷʱ֪˵һ䣬ʹֻҪΣЩˣרžⷽѵˣȫѡЦȴͬӦúٻרѵЦЦǼװģǷĵϲá

½ͥ׶ʲôҩ

ҽеǸӦõùҩ

⻰һЩҵ˶ɴ۾ҩ²ǱŻȥİɣ
ûĻǱֳĻ棬˵ֿɾʣǼˡ

ƷһֲмжģкģҽһΪһȥݡԻȥԺģҾԡʣµǲ־ͳҹкտݹǣǷݽкգпݹǡ

Ѧûס˳ǣ룬ûʵڡ

иϽ̲סʣǸһֱͣЦǸء

ŶΪǰиͬѧӳڲ֪ʲôЦ׼ȷ˵ЦᷢĵĸоáҾ˸ӣǿҩſ԰˵ĿַӷŴһ򱶡ûʼ飬λƲСԭϣϼӲңҹôҲЦСʱͣɣ
ʱһϣõЦȥ

ˣ

½ͥ˽ߣƵƣʵʡ

ʱ˸ǷħޣŶһȻħޣ½ͥȫ׼ͨѶˡ
ң
ͦʱˡ˵ʦͻǳˣٲȥֲ֪뵽Ķȥˡ

½ͥϣѧУôˣ

㡣ʱſھǣĽȥѧУʳóԷȻҪҡ

ȻƵͨѶһ۾ܿӦû£½ͥʣô

Ǹڱôʱ˵ģûзִ硣

½ͥ
ˣ

 32 



ʱ㱨Լû±ͨѶؽ, ˱ȥ֮ʦЦſһۡ

ʱ꣺

ʱͬѧҪɻȥҽԺ, ÿ͵ÿʦһ۱ʱеһ˵ǲ̫ԵġҪʦƷҪǶȥСҵ绰ˡ

ȫʱȻЦ

ʱҵ绰С󡭡, ǻ½ͥλϽнˡ

һڼ, ƵǼʶ㣬ڵǰգһ۵Ĵ, ˿ȴĳĬ
һһλЦ˵Ǹ, λСĬԪ˧, Ǹ˱ôúãû뵽ѧУ滹ܻΣհ

ֻѦ, ڣʲôǱڣѧУйϵ˻ʶʱҲһԻ, Ǹ, 岻ãΣܶһܵÿ֡

ѧУʦͬѧӦȽϿ죬ʱԼɵģ

ѦԼԵĵ࣬˿̲ԵЩţ

һλϽѾ뵽Ԫ˧, ǰǺȵҩǿЧõģǳλСְ֮ɣ

ǡ½ͥ

, Ȼɣ̫ˣҲ̫ܡ
½ͥžһ䣬кҪǧٻ֭ģ顭

ܡڳ˷׷׵

֪أҪǸˣͦǶζԻ

ȻΪΪλСѻѧ˳ɫһУĸ߲ɣ

УġһλϽҼŮǰʱ쿴˵˧쪣мֱǿ޵С
ûǴĻӦǽʱ꣬ҩѧ꼶ѧհǰͽ档

ˣ

½ͥ˵¡
ϣѾǰ˵⡣˵ջ񣬿ʼ¡

˽ô̸Ǿ͡

ص̫࣬ûעЩСϸڡϸһ룬Ƿû֣ʱϽԪ˧ϰ壬ǿѹںϰ壬ĺܡ

ɣһλϽҩʦƢĴֵĹ֣֡ģû٣˭ɤŵĺҪǿִˣҡ

ҵע⵽Ȼ׾ôѲ㱻Ĵ鵽ϰ塭ޣԪ˧ϣǲȡô

ؼԪ˧ã˼û

ؼΪԪ˧ڹǸ˵ڱҿˣԪ˧һ˲ɫ϶ˡ

֪Ǹҩʦ֪ĻΪСءԪ˧˭̬Ȱʲô顣

Ƕں˵˵ʲôֻעҩáϽҶԼˣǸøԪ˧һˣ˭ϵ͵滺ҩҸоһٸɼꡣ

˵˼ҩ棬׷˷ܲѡ
̫ˣԺҪܶͺˡ

ͬߵĻ췴ӦԱǱߵķӦͳضˡ

ġԱҧ½ͥһ׼׼˵Ϲ

ɲһͲסġҩҡ˭оҳҩҲûôŵģǹġ

ССͣ㹻ա

ȫ˷ǶôˣôƲ½ͥǵЦ˼ա

ʱ꣬Իúܸӵš
ֵܣɻҽ

ʱȥ˸ͨѸˣϿǰȥûȥϴּ㲻֪
˻ǽȥء

ԻһûסʼſЦ

ԱԻͬѧҲ࣬ЦҪֱˡһ̲סҸղڿϾһֱڵȣ뿴ʱվʦ˵ˣʵȥ˸绰࣬һСѣһ򡣡

Сԭ㹻Ұİһѣ

ЦòУּμôˡ
ʱڽһĿҵֱӿŷͻ˼ҡ

˿Ѿ¶ȻҲҪһ˵ߡеİԱߣ˵ѹѹһƬˣҲܶˡ

ʱѷȥʱֺܶ˶ڿĿŹֶη

ôˣüʡ

ҡͷûʲôûʲôǾý촳ͦҵġ
㿴žһԭЫ˰

½ͥѾˡ

¥µûʲôʧܵЩǧٻʱѵõûȥȡԵģֱ¥ϡ

ʩ½ͥ

û¡ʱԼҩܶԼզģôʧô

½ͥǰ˴ûȥ
⣬һ֣ȥҽԺʱ첲ֻʣǼˣ淢չأЩûסںòױסһһڻЦȫͣǹָԴ

ʱףЩҩȻûЩʵеĲô鷳ҲԲȫ޺ġ

ȴֱӵͷ
ǿ϶ͣΪôҸͬѧõʱ϶Ҫϡ͵ģô౶ͬû룬ԺһζûιǱʶЩֵļ䣬ἤ˵һ
ΪЦͣ仰ôģӻֵЦͣʵǿܵģ˷ܵģҩ£ɸˣЦѭֻеҩЧȫɢˣȻ϶ͣ

ʵ֪ǣǸСݹǵģҲŵЦҩֻҩСԣŷһڵһЦֲƬƵġ


ʵĲʧʱ˵ҩ䣬ʵҷʧôƻҾµ˽˿ռôϻеط˯ôϷңϷջô

½ͥ
ص

Ȼأʱʮֱ׳㲻֪ͬѧǴ֣ҶЦһĵϷա

ǻûüϷա½ͥ˵

Ǿͺáʱ
ҳˣҲԴһϷ

ոս׼㱨Ѧ٣
ӳ½ˣ

ʲôϷգ½˵ϴξ˵СʱϷҲ̫ˣÿ˯ҪСʱġ

ʱ꣺
ʱ޿Ŀ½ͥϰ壬ʱ̣ôˡ

Ȼ½ͥڣ½һѾˡ
СʱҲˣһ𣬶סȥ

˵Ҫסͷ㿴˰ɣҪùײʰֳǲҪң
⻹ǵʱûڼңҪڵĻΣô졣½˱뺷һֹ̧ס˵Ķӣ֪˭֪˵Сʱ

½ͥ
ʱ꣺

ѦҲװԼûš

½ľͲô˵ɣ
û˲ҳʲôô˭ɵģеСʱǸʱΣյСʱ

Ȼ½Ȼ֪Щ̬ǿӲİѶӺʱһ𶼴ؼˡ
֮ûʰҸղ˵ҩˣǺΣյģôȥ

ʱ꣺Ŷ

½ͥʮͷۣƼʱ⸱ģͻȻʱ롣
ȻøСҸ뷨û

ƣڶԶ

ʱȫΣյ뷨Ȼػһʲô˷ŭ
˿̶һһģ½˸Ϸһ·Ԫ˧

·ϣ½˵ϽˣûȥܳԡѾôˣСʱԷĵ̫࣬

ʱ꿴½ͥǱ̨ʺԣԼ㶨

½ͥǴ򿪹Կʼͣʱ곣ԵһףǱ߳ʦĺõҲ֪͵˲١

˻ȥʱ½Ԫ˧ǱߵţôŻ˵ͬһȥǲҪ

ȥ½һüҪһȥһûˣñǸָŪȥ

ʱϡĿһĻ
ԭΪ½ͥദʱӦһˮСһǳȫû뵽ģ

޶˵˼䣬½Ԫ˧ſʱ꣺Сʱɣã˾Ͳؾ㰢͸׼ˣ극ʹȥ

Ǳ߻Ѿ׼˷ˣһ˱㿪ʼ

һϣͣˡһӷˣǱ߾ȻС

ʲôʱ𾪵Ŀ½Ԫ˧ֿ˿½ͥ
˵ûԼÿٷθôһҲһ

Ϊʲô½ˣϴǸС⣬ûܳꡣ

Ȼ½ͥĸĸͣ

½½ͥӣԲôô࣬ǹۼҵô

½ͥһҵģֻǽƽʱԵˣԼ˵ԡ

ҲԼӡ

ҵһӿ϶ڵ¡

½Ԫ˧˵迼ǹҪԷѾǰһˡǵ㣬ֻϲԵټ

⻰һ˶ǣ

˭Ҳû뵽½ͥôʵڡ

дʣҲ˵

صô½Ԫ˧صѵǣ㾹ȻôһӵĲˣⲻ㰡㲻вܳԱô

ǻΪʲô϶ΪСʱڰ½ϴȥǾͷˣǲ˵ĻأвˣֹӪ䣬ɫҲȫ
ǰһֱǲϣҲǲԣԼúóԣԱ˵ͦϸĵġ

ʱ꣺
ǡЩҵİ

½һ㶣˵ǰ˵Բ˷ѣԸ㣬ɼСӵ˫ꡣ

ʱʱ

½ˣôˣ

ûʲô
ʱ룬ֻ뵽ϴ档˭˵½ͥ˫ţҲ˵˷ô

ʱ꿴һӻϵģ룬µöԵˡ

ϾܳԶٶģ˶ٳԣʵѳԻ򲻰ԣϴ棬вԶӣȻ

Ե½ͥûͣ꣬ǿ˹

ʱ꣺ôˣ

С½ͥ߿˿СˣҪסһʱ䣬Զ٣ԺҲ

ʱͣˣɲÿһӼӼ˶ΧΧĳ档
ٺóԶС

ϰȻˣллֹҡ

Ҳ¥ʱСҾýЩ¶㣬ʹѧУʳÿʼͼתֱ¡

½ͥҪſѧҰƱˣ಻϶ߡ

ϴҲô˵ģⶼˡ

˵Ż˶¥½ͥʱȥǰǼ䷿ƿһ
ķҲʱ̲סʡ

һʲôС

½ͥǣҷԼŪģͷҲԼġ
һֱҪŮȻҲڴ㳤̫ÿΧ뷨ɣ

¥¡
½¥ʱģװģ㲻Ӳ̫ôǸʱ굹׽úܣ˵Ļ¥Ҳô
Уҵһʱ䣬úÿô¶

½Ԫ˧ϽˣѵˣѾʱˣٸġѵǲͬһȥ

ʱ꣺

ʱϽջŵʶЩﲻǱڱʱʶôԶû⣬Ҳʲô
Ͼǲʶб½ͥߣվʲô

Ͳͬˣʲô˽ܵ˽̫ã̫ã

ˣûϷ棬Щ˯
½ͥѷְָѶ¥䶼ʲôõ˵ˡ
ǼҵңʲôҲֱȥҡ

ʱ˵ͷ

ȥᣬͷŪҩʵҡ

ʱͷ½ͥ˵Ĳˣ˵ҲȻطˣѦǱ߻е¡

ϰ塣ʱͻȻסͻȻһ⡣
ϰ壬ϴ棬û

½ͥ
½ͥ˵ʱ޾¥£û㲻֪
СӾǹġ

 33 



֪½ϾҪȥ, ʱ׼װˡ
ϾԼ͸һǧĴˣôһεûĵĴˣ˭ء

, ѧУˡ

׼ȷ˵ҲѧУʥĺˡ

СӹȻΪ˼һὣԼ, Ƿ˼ǮһǰǸ, ˼ҿһһSԺǱ޵Уѧ, ͬˡ
һڲǽȥôôҲס

һ, ˶û, ˼ҿɲϽøʥĺҪǮ

ʥĺҪõóǮõҼһὰæôⲻͶ·ˡ

ȻģȻǷ˰ɣ·ϣͬѧǶ̸顣
Сѧʱʦ͸ý, ƶĶΣɣʲôУ԰ԣĶĵ, ڲ缸ûĳô

ڶĳ, Ҳ֪ҵġ
ѧˣϢͨģ˵ѧУѾˣȺ˼ĺܣ˵˴, ڻץء

һ磬ʥĺ㼸˾֪

У쵼ˣȻϢÿ, Ǳʥĺˡ

Ҫ˵ѧУҲǴˡ
ǰһSѧû˼أѧͺ߰ĲһһֱӰԼѧ˾档

ڵãֳһĵģǲǻи涾ĳ

⵽ǽ˵ĵطĵطУҪˣУУ̫ɣߵǡ

쿪ʼ˶סУڲ׼УšУУ԰ʹýͨߣȸģߣ
֮һһУ롭ڿ˼ҽ̳ѧ㣬ûеġ

¹涨ܿ챻ѧˡ

ǰɣΪһʥĺ

ǻؼҲȥĵģ˭֪Ǯడ

ܻؼҵסУʲôӽУ԰ڲùߣҲûУˣߡͬѧǣǽȣܵô

ʱҲһ㣬ôסУϰһ򣬿ɲסУġ
һǧٻ顭

ˣ
Իô죿

Ի֮УΪУ⣬ʺ塣ֱӸһУȣУ

ҰȥѧУɣԻ˵һûģвڣѧУҲѧУɣ

ʱ꣺ô졭
ҲסУ

Ի꿵ǰһֱסУôҲʱ䲻סˡ

ʱ꣺
ҳȥͨѶ
Ȼ˸徲λã͸½ͥ˹ȥ˵顣

ϰ塣ʱ¶ô£㿴Űɡ
Ҫ˵ʥĺأΪһˣȫѧУѧˡ

ʱ⻰Ҳģʥĺ˾ԿԱ鲼ѧУÿһط
ҿȼһὰҪá

ɡ

һǱôʦ֣Sƫƫɺ£Լ˾档
ʥĺǣǸʥĺģǽҲһǵסУԶѡ񡭡ǽÿߵġ·õŴУ

ֱ˵ֻҪ˱ԹУ̫һľʥĺѧУҲ´У

Ҷɡʱ˵ѧУǲôˣֻѧķӦ̫ؿŻˡ
ʥĺųǧꡣ

½ͥİɣôϱ㻹˳

ʵҲôʱ˵ỹס졭

Ѿɴȥˡ½ͥ

ʱ˵һҪһؼңůĴ
ֻҪû˰޴磬ȥͦõġ
ϻ˵ǰ·ûͦϧҪһ

Ұֳˡ½ͥ˵úĺܣмƺܹá

ʱ꣺

ǱߣԱ߻㱨һԪ˧ȥͨѶѦ٣
Ԫ˧·ǸøԱɣ

һ룬ͽӵ񣬡Ѧ٣ȥѧУͨ飬ʱΪ߶

ߣѦ㲦УУͨѶ˵顣

ʵϣôһУѾ˺üͨѶˣһԼλӣܵͨѶ
˵С岻ã˲˼ÿҪȥβȻܲˡ

˭ϵأʱҲ˵ˡ

ʱûɣУ˭ˣһ̧־Ͱһڱ˦ȥˡ˵ţȫУҲûһͬѧŰ

֪Ѧ٣
档

ѦʱȻûģǰҲסУѧУĻáҪ߶ΪЩҪ죬ЩҪҲҪԲ˵

Ѧ١У̲סϵ˵Ҫ£Ϸɣ
浱ͷӲעʱ£ʦ˶ĹϷʱ嵥ҪѧУǰûôϸñа칫̸

Ѧ٣
¡Ѧٵʱ뿪ѧУؼңͣҲȥʲôĳ֮ĵطֳѧУ鷳

ѦǰɡУӦС½Ԫ˧ֵµİɣôؾصһˣ֪㱳˰ô

Ѧ٣
½ͥ

½ֱͥӿڵУã½ͥ

У
½СԪ˧

ҡ½ͥѦ˵ĻǳҵԸʱͬѧȷʵЩҪ߶Ҫ

½ͥ˵ģǾˣУûپܾ
У˸ҲӡУɲٴҹҹϷˣԵͬѧʵڲá

ѦСҼǵҲϷհɣ

УôѵʱϷ

ѦٳЪˣܾãλڲܲϷ
ϾǸҩĵطҳһţܵһʱֻϷҵҩʦ

߻ھססУ⣬Ǳ߰׼ȴѾʱƬ˹档

ˡ׼Ҵһָ˵

ԭѧϵĸף׼Сӣ׸ΪǸСǣ졣
ɼǵأϴΰӺڿ

ɲʲô졣״ˣǰҲǧٻһꡣ
ԭһѧҩѧģǮʮϰҲǲܡҵʱڸһϣҲû̫ע⡣졭
סԪ˧

Աʱ˾񣬡˵

Ҽ򵥲һ£СӳԱԵǣûиףĸԻߵúܽסµǼ

⻰һ׸
ôһѧѲɻ½ͥľתͬйϵ

ǧٻ϶йϵ׼Ҵ˵ңһһ׮飬޿ܺأȻֻҪһ𣬱ڱľƽ
Ȼ½ͥжãĿǰ

Աȷ

̫ȷ׼Ҵ˵ֻһ˾һֱúܺ棬ǰʱ겻Ǻܻȶͬʱ˵˳ǵ˲Сˡ
½ͥģӦġңҩѧʮݣԲDľУ

Ҫ֪УȻһУУյһҲCѧ

ͬʱ¥ĳ䷿棬ӺҲڸĸ̸ʱꡣ

ҵɵӣԭʱעϢǸһήģΪĸ΢΢˿һ浱ռʲô˼

ôᡣӺó󣬻ô

ĸģ˵Ѿ¼ɾˣûɾǱҲΡ
㵹֪ŹĶͬ˵Щûʲô⣬ɻ󣬸ѽˣҥҲҪɢ˲ҥԡ

ĸ׵ĻӺǷ
û뵽Ǹʱ꾹Ȼô棬ôġ
ͬǰĶֶһôͲܰء

㵱¶ǴûôǴѹͲôȰ˶ӲҪģ߰ӺĸѵøлǸˣʱִˣ㸸׻ô
Ὣʱϻذ׼ң֮ӣʲô˰Ľ˿ȸ

ܡӺʱ˵ˣ׼޹ϵ

ûϵûϵֻǮĸЦǻûϵǸѾˣҪϻԼԸ˭ֹ

Ǿûİ취ˣ

ûСĸУΪᰴ
Ǹ򲻵ãõĴƿӡǴûҪԺûˡĸ˵ڣ͸ֻǸDķȻΪڻֻ

ˣ͵֪飬ȥˣȻ֪ˣ

Ӻĵĵ˵ͷ˽ȥ

ʱ꣬ոշѧ

ȥʱͬԻһ𣬺߽쵹û¾һؼңֻʣԼˡ
ѧУУǺĵĸһԶС¾ôֳ룬һؼˡ

Ի̲סһʥĺŵҸ˹ңУš
ˣϷô

ţԡʱ˵͵ķӦԣûַ

Ի꿣Ķ
ΪǻסϾǮ˲ȱӡ

ͼʱһ̯֣˵Сùüң챻ػؼҵģʱӦòȥǶˡ

Ի꿣
Ի꿣
Ի꿣ʲʲô

 34 



ϢֱȵѧУУ, ͬһУѧϰʱҪ𾪡

ģûʱ˷˹, ǵطӦñ죬ǵ͹

Ի꿼ֱɵˣô¶

ǵôݰ, СøǱҲûС
, ûʱݡ

ڷϣûס, ʱͨѶ
ô¶һݹϵ

ûСʱ˵

Ի꿣ʲô

𰸣һһٵ, ĸʱŲֶ, ֱһѹӣڱ߳Ա߸졣

Ի꿿̵ģż˵

ٻҿ̫ɰ, ˼˰СùһҾͷҪһؼչˡ
ʱ˵滰ͱȽϾ, Ҹסĵط˴, Сù÷һٻ𣬰һȥˡ

˴ңԻ꿵һӦǣû°ɣ

ʱ꣺ôУš

Ի꿣
ʵ㡭ˣҲǶһ, 㿴žͺúõģǱ˵˭¡

ʱէȻ, ½ͥҲʹ⡣
ʱΪڱ
ϾոյʱǿûûأֻҪһܣرʣû°ɣû򻵰ɣ
Ѿγϰˡ

ҲӲԼ£ǿ϶ʵǱ˰

ڻͷ룬Ͼ½ͥп϶ûнȺĿа޵С
ԣѵڹ

ʱôͨѶֹȥˡ

ǱԻȴǹ֮ŷ֣û׸ǼʲôϵǸ
ȵȣǰסһ

绹ͬס

ԻͻȻ뵽ʲôϵԼ磬磬ǰСù÷ģҵı䷢һ£

ǱԻҲûʵܵҪʲôֱӷ˹

Իһ롣

ȻλԪ˧治죬һҲ˼ɣԸ˽ģʳܸǲģ
ȻǵȷסһģЩʱҪԵġ

ʱʱ귢һ䣬Ϊʲô˵֮ס
У¶ѾʲôˡҪ⴫

Ͼһ㣬¸֪˶֪ˡ
ڻסԪ˧

Ի꿵˵ͷҲʲô֪صˡ
ֻ¶ʵϡ棬ڶʱʱ黹Щ֡

ȻĿĻǻؼơ

ĲǴСëйϵ˵غأ˵ذɣʵÿ϶ʱȥһ£˵Ҳ
ƽʱܿΣԵͬѧܶ٣Ҳܶ١

ϢʱԿռҪȽϴҪܳ֡

Ҫ˵ҲȻϾôζβãֻάеģ
ΪʼͶǰӲҽҵȻʱ̫̣ټϳţûʲôɾ͡

һߣʱ껶·վϷա

Ԫ˧߲ǰסĵطһƬס˶ǵ۹߹٣Ԫ˧ԱԼһЩүʲôģԽʮϸ
ͻģ͵ſ˼ҽӽȥ

ʱͻĴ˶¥æϷհá
Ȼһ·ͳȥ

ʲôȻߵļȴ̲ס˽
˵½Ԫ˧ʲôˣ

ס͸Ҵţ˵ǰװһ˲ء

һС£ҪǸԪ˧óʲô£ٸʲô鷳ɾʹˡ

ʱ굱ȻûЩҲֻЦһ

Ȳ˵ͶԻǱߵˣ֪ͣԻ꿻ܲעȫˡ
˵Ҫֵ¸СǲǿЦô

½ͥһʱʱѾԹڴϷˡ

ϷȻͬ졣

ֻһȥʱ͸о˲

ϸڷʱᣬԵģͬǿϷĲ𣬾ĺʵ

һ򵥵ӣͺǿŷϷĹŴ硣

һʵܼ򵥣ֻҪ򵥵ĶԶʹʽһʲôеģǻӡ

һ֣ʱ׵ĸӡ
Ҳѹ׵˿ǿϷһὼ˸Դĺܡ

˲ʱ䣬ʱ׵ĲϤ˲١Ϸ֪һЩ׽ܡ
ʱϷ浯һ棺
ʱѽװңϲϷҪܾĿ֣뽨һԼIDǿա

˼ԣֵʱˡ

ʱҲ룬ʱʱү

½ͥʱġ

ѦѦ󣬶һžƼ˿Сˡ
Ȼһֻ˿ȸ

С˿ȸԭһϤµ̣һŹӡ˻ˣѹƤɨһߣװһලƤģ

ôϰ޸СѦ̲ס˭޲ųŵģƫˡ

½ͥС˿ȸأ

С˿ȸųһ׺ݵƣأȻʱǴϷء
Ͼͷѵң½ͥûȥء

ִϷѦٳ˳ǣԪ˧ɵùܰһӢɶˣҪУϷͶǴƭӣƵѧУͷֻ֣Ϊ˰ﺢӰ߶

Ǳ߷飬ʱȻҲ֪ġ

ʱһ٣ȻҲģõֺ֡
ķ˿

ȫʱʱүķ˿

Уܸо塭ʱʱʱүһŸͺˡ
˵үķ˿ˡ

ʺţʱϷա
¥

½̧ͥͷŸհϷհֿʼˡ

ʱȻĵ˵ͷ
԰
ԱС˱ɨһۣʮԵģȻأ

񻹲֪½ͥ˵ϷǸմӱǱ߰ģʱΪĸհǴԻǱߡ

ֻǿ⸱ģ½ͥЩͷ۵룬ȻǸøҸš

ţʱ̧ͷʲô񣿡

½ͥ룬ǲˡ

һʱ䣬ʱС
ҧгݡ

ȻʱһŤͷתѦ٣Ѧ٣ϴε·ûؼҴôôô

Ѧ٣
Ҫڱ⣬ͼԼԪ˧ɨһۡ

ϴβ˵뵹ôҪһ½ͥ˵

ѦټֱҪ裬ƾʲôùˡ
ƾʲô

ȥࡣѦҧгݵ

ʱѦٰöذȵʱܲιһôһû˵ء

Ѧټֱ
Լֻ˵˵࣬û˵ʲô̵Ƭй֮Ŀֲ顣

ùǱԵȴΪЪս
ʱ굥淢սԭ˸Ǯϰ塣½ͥҲþգʲô費ģֱ˵£

Ķ󲿷ֶˣǿʵ½ͥ˵·Ҳһģ뻹ûе·
ʱģɴûڵġ

ЩϰߣӦȻãͦõġ
޷һԸţΪԣִЩƵĿɰ˴׼Щǳɫϵ͵·ʲôӡ

ϷӦÿˣ˵Ϸҡ

ʱ˵ͷ˿ˣұȱǱ߿ռ仹
װһµϷա

Щҩˣ󲿷ԹڵĶˣǽҩܵΪҩܵĲϱȽϼʵû£Ѿʰ÷Žʵˡ

Ԫ˧߿ռܴʵһ¥һȫǣѾ˸

ʱЩǿӹһٵҩЩǧٻԼĲһڷһ
Ա߻һֽɫ˿ߡ

Ǹһֻײϡ½ͥʮּʵʣԵһܻײϡԺϵҩܣ

ʱ꣺
ûЩ߾Բϡ

ʵһܻá½ͥ

аɣ
Ǯʲôء

ɫ˿էһͬëɫЩƣҲġ
ǰȷʵ

϶Ҳܹ

аɣʱ꿴һ豸½ͥҩѧ豸ӦöϤ

⵹ǵȷ
ˡʱͻȻ𣬡ôҩļһ˭ġ

½ͥһۣѧϵүүǱߵˡ

ʱ룬Ŷ׼ˣȻЩͬˡ
ʲôô

ԭЩһǺѿеӲͷ˵⻰ʱ½Ԫ˧ıЩŹ֣һΡ
׾ٵǾ˵ˡ

ֻ˵ֲ̫ˡ
ʱЩҩ

ǸЦ˴ˣǷ·γʲôһ㣬ż᲻Ծֿ

Ҳ֪ʲôҪ飬ֻ֪һЩС¡ΣȫΪСǶġ

ʱ˵ͷǾû뵽Сʵͨзµġ
Ͼ˸ʱԴǱ߻ߣ˷֡

Ӧ֪Ĵˡ
½ͥ˵ǰֻǾ֣ϾʱľԽԽãز˵ġ

ǡʱ˵ϾҲôϷװ

½ͥҪõò֣һ⣬Ҫӡ
ҲϷͺܻᣡ

ʱһͷ߰ңһᣬ˭ֵȥݡ
ⲻô

½ͥˣϤһ£ȡ

ȵȡʱ

½ͥʲôû˵ô

аʱѵĵطʹǹڰĵطǱߵҺòϤˣȥһΣͰˡ

½ͥ㻹ѵЩ

Ȼأʱʵֱ״ҪҩǲϷģٲҵɣҪġ

½Ԫ˧һʱ֪˵ʲô˶˿¶ֲ㡣

治Ϸˣ

򡣡ʱ˵ɵӲŲ򣬲һ˸֣У֪Ϸ˵ġ
ģҰ£ף

½ͥ
ոսѦ٣

Ѧ룬ˣɣ

ʲôాˣʱ

ѦٵǾǱߣ˵£ҪԪ˧һ¡
㿪ԣ鷢½ͥ
Ԫ˧

½ͥϵ׼飡
Ȼʱꡣ

߳˻֣ȥȥɣùҡ

С
½ͥ˵ѵĵطںһ㣬ǱߵȨһͷ㿪ˣԼȥС

ʱ֡
ϽߣҺûȥϷ

 35 



½ͥһ, ʱѱʵԼ˻סֱϷң˷͹Ϸա

⵹͵, ñ½ͥ
˼ȥģøš

Ϸʱ̧ܻס

̨ǰǿϷоġ
һƷ, ͻ, ൱ϲ

ȥһ, ȻǲǿϷз㣬ʱԣȴҲ̫ѡ
Ӧһ²֮ͬ, ŵɿŴȥܡ

ϷҵȷԻԵĲ, ʱ˻ӣŵһ

ȻҲȾˡ
˵УƫÿҸ˴򡣡ȥʱ, ˻ڸֹ˵ɣû¶¡

໰ʲô, ʹ, 㲻Ҷ塭˵ţǽɵĿ˶֣һ֣ƣⲻ򵼵ķ˿ôҲˡ

û, ʱһ¾ˣɲǰھƵ, ȥʵսϷô
ûǴĻӦöһУġ
ǸıǹͷͬʱвǸĲء

ȷɡ

ǽҲIDֵܣ۹Ⱑ
ô۹ķϣᡭ

û˵꣬ʱѾȥһɿ˹ȥ

ź˧ܿᣬȻʵϻһͷֲԡ
ܻ̫ˣҪԶԶǰϷҿԽߣܲٿصľϸҲԽߣʱ׵ٶȡ
ԣʵ˵һ£ɵúԶ˶ԷȻһɿա

ΪԹߣҲ̾һÿ죡

ΪֵﻹҷŴ󻰣һʱҪ롣õԶͽӼף͵군

ʵһУǲģԶǼһܱ֮ȣ˿úܿ죬Ҳ
ƫƫΪ˵̫죬ñ˱ôյʱꡣ

ǡľϲ
ʱ̲סп

ɺ򶼾ˣʲôԤУ

ɻ˵˵򲻱˵Ѿһɿˡ
Ȼʱ˵žᡣ

һӼһģ˵ûôùʱһõҲ˳֡

ɣ
治Ƿ˿һײ˵Ǻ񣬼ֱһģһ

ʱ걬һήϷ¼󣬵ȷȥˡ


ȻʱɵģǼһήĳѣʱڳҲЩˡ
ԷʱҲôôģ֮ô͵͵¼ǰһڿ϶ⷢڼһὶȥˣڳûȶȡ

ȻǱһƬģϾǰǸڼһ߹ġ

ƵǻǺܰģַӴȫ
ɺȻҲˣ˶

̲ס֪һήʱʲôˡ
ϷֱӲ˰ץģôҰɡ

⵱ȻᣬϾһгʱĥǡ·ʱ͸㶨ˡ

󣺡
˰ֵܣ󻰻û˵ͱˡ

˵ôǿΪʲô˷˿ΪǸ񡭡
ʱķ˿ûסķۻࡣ

ʲô𣿡ʱ껻էһˡ
˵ҵķ˿ҵķ˿ôûУ˵˼ˣֵûС

Ȼֹ֪˺ðɣ

ȻҲϲʱ磬Բ˵ķ˿ֻ˵ϲ˧͡
Ƿ˿гݵĵɣҪ϶򲻹㣬ʲôóݵġ

ʱ꣺
ǾͳǮɣ

ֹӿãϴοڳԲ֮ҲȷˣǱûʲô̡

˵Ҳǡ˿֪Ѿϵ˵ڰҲ֪ĸôġҪ˵ҼҲУҰԲңҪҪȶҴϣ

˹ֵܣְղǸԤоˡ

ɲԤе˼Ҫ˾еģеҪ˶Զ
˶Զһ㿴Ǹ˵ʵ͸ϰߡҪԼСһ𳤴̫Ϥµô棬ǰһİˣǾˣ

⻹Ǹɺϡ

ʱ˳ǣô

Ŷӵʵ̫ܰϰȻòġ
ɶʵҲ뷨˴ʵ˫һļϣܿ쿪ʼڶ

Ҫһѩǰܣոǳûˡ

ֱ˸䣬վɹս

ʱһվϳ壬ͻ˵⼸ΨһĿġΪͬԭ򣬲ֻбķݡٸߣҲñ򴩡

ȡһֵĽ飬ûֱӺˣѹλ
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ҲȻһΣʱ겢ûһԶǾͷϷͣסһȻɿ˵ġ

ͣµһ˲㿪ʼλˣȻУȴ˵һ䣺û뵽ɣǲǾҳһο϶ԭز

ʱ̲סղǾҾǲСĳԶˣǱϹèŵĺӡΪʲôͲˣһ־͵ûͷð죿

ȻúõĻս˭Ըֲмһὡ

󣺡
ЦòУӼͰֿɱٸèˡ

󣺡㿴ţ϶ˡ

һЩҧ飬ʲôࡣԸ֪ǱԷ׼Ҳĵùǿ

ʱս㡭

Էǳʱ˶սĵһ

ǰԼϤǵ㵽ײ̫û涯ֹԼ㿪Żңеңʱһ¡
ǸտʼǾ֣ûƺٶȷ̫Զˡ

ĹУʱҲδ
״̬ʱ̵þˡһ߿һ룬˼δСᣬȴȫץס

пŻ̫ˣȴ֪ʱ̫죬˲뵽ӦԵķ
κδֻһΣ;ûеڶΡ

ʵ˵Ļ̫ԣͬ͵Ĵ󣬲ͬĴ

ǰٶ̫죬֮£Ҳע㣬Բٷ

ʱʹ죬һߴһߵܿ㳹Ӧ
ʱʼͲˡ

üξԼҪûˣͻȻ־طȻûֿˣƫƫʣһš
ԼҲȴǿʱġ

ⲻӮΪ˽Ŵ򣬼ϰ

ȻҲɵ֮Ҳˡ
ֵܣ㻻ĥɣǱߣֵܣԡһֻ޶

ǱɶЦˣʲôֵǰɣ

⻰ô˵ġһԴʣ˵㲻ԣ

ȻģЩˣŰˣȻϲִ
ڽ
һʱսпܻ˶һ

Ǳʱɱ׼ˡ
Ҳʱĺѣ˸˿ʼ

Ա߹սϯһѣȻSֵܾϸϿʵߵ㣬ҲһѣСİ

ԾʱĲ಻ǺܴŬŬлᳬԽ˿̼ɶϣҲΪЩȤ
û뵽һʼʱչֳ˱Ͼָǿ

㣡ˡ

ҲӦ˹㷽Żѹһֵľ
һõģҪһָǿ

Ļ޽ӽʵɲʵ˵ֻоǰٷְٻԭѧУߣΪ˼ѧǱܣͨжپܰѻõʲôزܻױޡ
ҲΪǻڣľһѾԼĻףҳʱʹãײỻ

˵DͺŵĻףľߴSҲܷӳS
ͨΪ˷ֹһЩ˲ͺţҲ趨

ʱʱĻ׷ˡ

ʱǰʵҲֻǷӳһֵʵԣֻǸȣռˣҲռǱˣǲȾսʶ
ʱҲϣⷽ棬û˱ݸߡ

ƳսĻ

ڽڣսҲǾҿ϶ġ

ñսܻͬıЩơʱʮ˳֣ԽԽʹ죡

̲סҪǼܸ𣬶ûˡ

ڵҲ֣ȷǿ

ȼս⣬Խ˷ܡ
ȻͰϤսģʽʱѹŴˡ

ģ䵽˷״̬
һ

˵˭˭ֹ״̬ôô񱻽̹ᣬȻᣬټ

̹٣ǰʱʵսϰһŵǸ֪ǽ̹ٻǰˡ
һ˲ϵһ𣬺ҡҡͷ

ܣôɵġ

ʱһֱ򵽺ʮʹ죡
컹ôֿʱʣϷ̫ˣƥ̫鷳

˵Ӧúܿͻ

ϷҪʼôӦûһСʱɣԻû˵ϾҪ

ǰʱһɵѧУģϵһǸȫˣ˵ҪģѧϻҲܼ档

ʱ꣺УҲˣ

˰УȻЩһֱûɶɼɫѧɣ˼Ҹ豸ɴӲ¡ҪȻԻ꿺¾ôȥ

ʱ꣺
ȻѧУȻ׼ôסУˡ
սϵġ

ⲻ׼ˡ

ǣУʲô

ǡҲЦҪҲһУһУõġ

ʱ˳ǡ
䣬㹻ء

Ҫ˵ԺȥһУĿԺУǻûϴѧҪӦҲ֪ѧУģѾҵˡ

Сӡʱɵļ򣺡ʱλѧһѧתһתɰ

˵꣬ˡ

һģɰҷ˵˧

ɣ˵ûеɵԿɿɰġ

󣺡ʲʲô
ֱţʱҪûߣǵ˼ҴһܲС
̡ˣʲô˼䡣

Ŀһۣ㲻ǿô

ͦǿġϣǿ߶ǣǴ򲻹˶ȥˡ

ɣ
εüģ㵱ûָϵȷѡˡҪȥָϵʱܱܲҵ˵

ղǸʱʱүķ˿ϺмֹŹ֡
ǿģܸҲģʼȷЩԻײ̫ϤŻ᷸Сúܿ죬Ǻǳ겻ף

ˣŪԷеһ֣̽һ£ѵǺô

һԼһôӵķС
ɣҲڿֹţ˭ҪȥָϵƵɶĥɶ˷ϸ

ǵζԻʱ겢Ϸ¥׼ȥԵ㶫
ɣ½ͥҲ¥鷿

½Ԫ˧ոտᣬΪڼԵЩô
վúֱ·Ҳܹ

ʱԼһһģᡮһ
ȻôᵱԪ˧װ

˼Ȼײˣһ¥

ʱվɱܣ½ͥҪǿҪĿȣ

½ͥҪͷȴͻȻһ٣⡣
ˡƣеˣû˸ɣ

ʱ˻ˣֹ˾䣺ԡ
ʲôóԵģҪԳԿⰡ

½Ԫ˧Ȼ棬ȴ˺һϡƬƬ

ʱһԣʱûͦ㡣
ҲҪһ롣

½ͥʱʣ£

ʱ꣺
˵ʣԡ

½̧ͥͷһۣòѦٵ˵öԡ
СӣͲܹš

Զ֣ʱһ룬˺ܶ⡣
СӸθСԲ꣬ϲ⣬ôʳ

䣬϶ܳˡ

Ȼʱ˵պóʣʣ¡⣬ھͳ˸һɶ
½ͥ׼ȥ˯ǰȥѵҴһʱСֹһ䣺
ǲʣ£

½Ԫ˧ŲͣûֻԷ档
ʱЦֲûԹ

 36 



ʱڶȥѧ, ·ϵʱ򣬾ͼѧУ̳ըˡ

򿪿һۣü

ϲŸõϢ, û뵽ô죬ѧУ߾Ѿʼˡ
ϷڶѾˡ

ѧУָսϵѧǵ氲ָϵǱߵȻҲٲˡ
ĸָӲῪ, ǻָô

һ̨̨Ϸհȥ, 滻ѧУԭ̨ϷϷա

սϵͬѧǣ
Ҫ裡
Ҫ׶Ͼǵ֮·ֻһϷô

Ҫ֪ϷոǰļЩ, ϷҲͨµǺܺãܲܰѾɵҲ¡

ѧУҪѧһУ

һУǱַϷջûΧ̿أ˵ŵ, ⼸ָֻϵһЩSڱ, ˶ǰͨġ

ҪϳһУˣ

ʵҲѧУ㿴˸һὣԭΪS˵иʥĺ, ҪУҲͷ޲һ߸ʦ, ʡۡ

ҵѧУǲ׼, һѩǰܣϳǰ

ǻͦõģ˵и㣬ϵĲǾУѧУѧУ, ʱ򻹲զҲͣѹ߽ȥġҪҵ, ѧУŬˣֱӮҰ

ͱˣǰôװ

£ξˣ档

ʥĺѾҿǵһ١ҪôϣУ˴ϣ㶼ûҵ

ʱ꣺
ʱڷ֣ԼϿʼһֱ˵ʲô

У

ʱĻѾѧУͣ׵ĵط
˳֣۵ȫһˮУûиһųġ

һͬͬѧ·һ㶣ϣʱ磬ţ
ͬѧһָһ͸սУ棬ǿ

ʱ۾һɨĥҪˣУϡ
һۿȥѧУУʵ̫ˣ²ȥ֡

ʱػɣΪУ̫ŻǱʶоѡԵ

ȻĴϻۣôܻ᷸˵ͼĴ

ʱ꣡
ѾмʦƼʱˣ㣬㣬ô¶Уأ

ʱһ̯֣ʦⲻܹңѹûУ봩֪ʲô

Ϊʲô򣡡ʦʡ

ʱ꣺ѧУʱ˵ԲģһʡǮ

Ա߲֪ĸͬѧ·һûסЦ˳
ʡǮ
⻰˵ãһʻڵ˵

ǸǸʦͬѧϽЦݣԶˡ
ȻЦ̫TM˼ˡ

ʦ
ʦָָ̧ʱ꣬㣬ûǮ

ʱ˵⻹û˵ѡ
ѧУǿƴУҲǿѧȻͬѧˣԭϾԼԼʽ̫ԣȫʡһʣû

⻰˵ûţʦͿʼԲϣ뵱ڲٵĲټٵĻһŷ֡
㻹û򣿡ʦ𾪵Ŀʱ꣺
㣬㻹ǡ

ֲǰû˾ǮȻ۵У
˵˲֪ô˵

վǱȥգԱһָȥһûУȥˡ

ʱһεվ˹ȥѾվˡĸ˸ڱһǻϵģͷһһģۿҪ˯ˡ

վһţҷ׷׽ԼûУԭ

ʱôˣ粻֪ȥˣûšһ˵

һſھǣܱʰʱ˰ɡ

УСˡ

ʱ꿴˿λĸͷȷǼ֮ߵġ

ֵǸϵģ˶̲ס׷׿˹ȥ
Ͼ˭ָ֪ϵͻϵڵģϵҩϵͬѧܹԣһʦ˵ʲôʲô

ʱ굹Ҳˣͻ䣬Ҷ⡣
ˡ

ֻ˴˸ǷЦ˵һĥһϣ̫͸¶

аɣ
ǴҶվˡ

Ǳʦִûߵڱ˵Ҿ֪Ӳӣ첻Ͳ̹

ǰǸʱڸʦƱ磬УڼѧУסУôҲûðⲻϲ봩ǿ͹治Ҿ飬ѧУӦԿǣ

˰ɣʦм׺ʦʦǳԵαߵ·࣬㣬ûá

İʦҿھҼһҵڼУա

ȣѧУʲôʱǻؼˣ첻ˣԼȥȡʱûˣ
˵ŵʱ꣬㣬һʲôȥˣ֪Լ߶֪УȱǼǮô

ʱûվվʦҪʵô

ʦϻ

ʵȱʱ룬ôУҶÿ˭ỨǮԸˮ졭

ʦ˸ᣬֱڤ粻飡
һȫȥٳȦ

аɣ
ʱ˵ھãǾɱӺеļ

ǸϵѧҲ뵱û뷸У档

Ҳġʱ

˿˵ϴ̬һͲϿң˵롣һ˵˭У̫ΪʲôǵôУУô󡣡

ˣ

ԶԶԣУ治󱻴ͷͬһҾ˵Уѿʵüɡ
ʱͬѧƷζôͷǿԡ

ʲôʲôʦʱһͷʲôأأ㵹ãڸʲô򵼣

ʦûУǼʱͬѧȽͶԵ˵䡣

Ȼ⻰ֻ𵽻Ͻ͵ã˺ܿ챻λʦһ𱻴ȥ˲ٳ
ʮȦܲ겻ߡʦ

ʱ֣ǲͿˡ

ʦƤһֻòԾƫһʱûΪʲô˵ͷԣ
ͷŵȥǱʱѾһ˳ȥ

սϵڱƯ
Ȼ׷˳ȥ

ʦʱʱһ̨Ϊʲô
ֻǼθʵ̫ˣûעǰģȻҲˡ

֮ܶԶ֮
⣬ǸǰƵѧ

ʦʱᵽ˵ʱǽܿʦĸоҪ衣
죬

ȻѾˣʱһȦܻʲôͣ½Ų΢Щʦһӣû̫죡
һָϵļʱ㿴

ŵļڱҲ׷׸ͣ£ôˣ
ˣʦղź˭

ʦ

ҡʱĽͣϴξͱôһΣ治죡

ʦ
λڱͬѧ
Ǹʱͬѧ⻹ͦģǶЩû׷ϡ

ܰʱ˵ʦ۲ԱӵģʮȦұ֤껹ġ

ˣУһԺ϶ֹһΰ
ÿװ϶ǲеģøıҶ֪

ʦ
ʦ´һ飬ȷּһ˦շһڱǰڣɵܣһȦһһвԾ͸ͣ

ʱ˵ͷǱʦҲҳ˼򵥵ĲԻ
ؿһţû⣬ƽúܡ

ȥɣʦ

ʱͼǰܡ

ʣ¼ڱϽҲǰʦҪ׷ˣ

ʦͷһ׳ţʲô⣬ʮȦҪǶܲһҡ

ʱôһȦһΣܿ꣬˿ʱ䡣
ܺãϿΡ

ʦ
ʦϽȥУ

ȥʱһԶһ߻صȥˣϿҪˡ

ǰһ׷ɸϽˡ

Ÿ׷ʱ꣬ʱͬѧǰûһҾܲ

ġʱ˵ͷеǻ档

˶һۣ׷׶Լպݡ
ʥĺҧгݡ

ʱ߽Ų̤ңǱȦƵѾУ԰̳档
һǰ棬׷һȺڱ

ʱٳڲͬʵǸϵͬѧܵ˭ʱǸ򵼣һﵱȡ

ģУ԰̳ըˡ

֪ΪʲôҾһҲ֣

ͬʱһ࣬ԴϴʱһǧףٿҶϡˡȻȣȻôģƽʱʵҲò

ôһշһڱȦȡ

ôоô٣ƵǿŰɣһǿôô죡

¥¥ʲô˼ģʱвͬѧڵģǶ˵Ѳɣ

¥𼤶Ҫʵ̫ˡ

ػʱڱװ򵼣Լ˺ÿˡ

ȻǿЦģϾûڱȥѧҩѧѧôõģһȦô컹Ҫ˼졣

ʱǣˣֻҪţ޿ܣ

ͷ򵼶ôǿˡ

˼ǵüһôкεúܣʱ㳤ྫºÿԸ˧쪣ʵǿаȫе򵼣Ȼ׷ƾʲô

Ҳʱ簮϶ǼٵģװʱһССϷԡ𷴲ңҲţû

һ䲻ʱ꣬˾һЩʱֱȱ㡣

ϿˣԻ꿹صԡ

룬ʼʱЩ˻һһʱ䲻ϼһὡڣȴ׷ȫ˿ھ

ٿһʱ꣬òϣڵʱ꣬ĺ

Ҳڹע
ͼ£֪ôǻϵƣǸܵôˣϿˣûذϣ

ȦϿˣϿǰҲ뿪ѾȦˣӦúܿܽ

Ȧʱ硭

ʱûԼ򵼣ѧУﲻһֱԵĳͷ򵼶Ҫ롣

˵ʱ꣬Ҷûע⵽ⲻԾܵúܿ죬ʮȦô͸㶨ˡ

Ц˰Ȧ

ΪϿˣʱѾˡ
ʱҲǵȵ¿βŷ㡣

ʱ
ģܣԭǰû治̫Ǳ

磬ҲҲţֻܲ鲻ԸȥУ

УϸûʲôΪʲôһҪУ
˲¶ƯëѾˣÿ·Ҫá

˵ıϲͨͬѧûһġ׷̸Ȧ飬ϸȽģҪȤһ䣺

ʱ

ǣֱһָŵ
Ҫʥĺ֪Щʱ϶Ҷ㶯֡

ʱ꿴Ҿõʱǰ֣Ҳ֡ϾģҪˡ

ҲǣĲ˰

ʱУ̫ȥĥţûطܲһ硣
ȻʦڲԶʱֻá

ͷȥ˽ʦ칫¥ҵУ칫ҡ

У¶£
ʱţһ̽ͷϣֹУڣһˡ

ͦ졣
ϸһ룬ⲻԭǱô

 37 



׸ʱ, Դ֮Ǳ㶢ʱꡣ
ڷϵĽͼȻнڡһԵ, Ȼʲô½ͥġ

һ鱳Ȼ˷ǵ½ͥǱһ, ͬǰ׼йϵ
Ǳ, ǵ걻ߵǸӡ

ױ͵ӡ
Աӡ

ʱԱĴɫͱˡȻĽּ, Щĵ˵ϲ˰Сܣ˭뵽أⶼ, Ķӷǵͳô, ء
ôһҲģ˶ǿˣֳô󶯾, 㶼֪

ױһҲûôǿ

ֵܶô, ʱ, ʱģֻǰױ׵

УʱѾüͷʱôպʱˡ
ѧУȻȲһУ, Ͼڵ۹֮ҲŵģһЩﳣǰӴһЩݵҲеģʱꡭ

Ͼ, ʱ߶ģ½ͥ

˹۹˭½Ҹ׼Ըġ
׼ʱ꣬˭֪Ǹʲô˼

УҲǾóϹǰߵģԱڰ׼ͣȻǶ½ҺøиҪһЩ
ˣһ½Ԫ˧ǱǸʲô³̡

˭ϵʱˡ

Ŷʱ갡ôֹУҲǼģ̧ͷʱ꣺⣬ʲô¶

ʱУһ̧ʾ⣺У¶
ʱһߣⲻУ̫ѿˣҾǮǵͬѧһУ

У
ϹⲻУΪó󣿡

ʱǿ϶ϣУԩҰǷûǮУһֱûС

ױͿԼʮûĶӣ̳˵ĳÿʮֺÿ
ûϳУƤһĺ˵˵

УҲ룬ʱѧУͬѧ֯ȥһϣĸѧУģУôô˵ҪѧУУܺÿ㡭

ٸҺ˵˵У궼У

ʱ˳ǰˣⶼʱˣǵá

õõáУϽ
ⶼײˣüҲˡֻƫͷʾǱŵİױͣλǰס

üܣʶʱ˵Ҷúܡ

ױһ˲侹Ȼû⻰ʲôԣֹһ䣬Ȼ֪
ֱƼУһ𾪵ı顣
ŷӦ˵˭ӣ

˭Ӧ˭
ʱ칫һбɨһۣûָ˵㣬˵㼤ʲôôˣôء

ȫһӽӵ̬ȣУ˶Ҫɵˡ
ڰױͷŭǰʱ꣬ú˵

аɣתУ˼УҲǹġҪǰиհ׵ϸŵԷһհף˼ҵ
˵һϣҪǻ̫ף˭˵ʵ

У㡭

ʵʱһ̯֡
û˵ѣǸհ׵ľǰСҲǰͷᵽǾǸˡ
ԷΪҪԼأ˶˻ֱ˭û˵˭

֣ҲΪհףʱ

У֪£ֻԽ˵Խûס
ǡױʱУǵô

УЩԥһ۾ܿó˹ϵгķ˵ġ
ʱϾѧУѧܲѧУ۸ˡ

Ȼѧȴ⣬ֻ˵У¾ȥæҸ칫ҾС
ģҶ֪Т˳ôġ

Уô꣬Ҳûټͷμĳ
ʱ꣬㡭
һССѧ浱½Ԫ˧վž޵ˣô֪˭ô
㣬Һú˵ֳѾ͸˵İױ˵˼ѧУû̺ãƽʱ֮ʲôᡣ

ֿ˵˰ױţɲô
ôЩû˭֪ʱôʱô˵ġ

ᣬᡣױ͸Լ侲侲Ȱ˺ؼ˵
ǸŮҲѾˣʱʣˡҰ׼ʲô˼ңܻô᲻Ը

½ͥҲʵǴ֪ģȻǰ׼ҵˡ

˰ױҲǿάס˷ȣֻУģһ칫¸ʲôɡ

УûĻ˵뿪˰칫ҡ
뻹ǲģѦٴʱµͨѶ¼˻ȥ

һǸʱ߶ģһǱʱһһӳģķѾⶼ롣
ѧ̫嶯ǵøҳ˵һ

ȴ֪һţǱʱʹӰ칫Ավֱˣ˸Ȧռӡ
һһз緶úѧѧ칫ҰУ

һΪٻصĵطٲѧУô˿꿪ڵ

Դϴμұֺ֪¶סˡа׼ӦûĽӴǡ

ױ͵ѧУУ棬ҵᡣ

ʱ˵ͷ
Ҳǡ

һҴܣǴҳԷ֮⣬ѧУܡ׼ҪһᣬֻȥԷʱ
ѧУУ棬ԺܶȥԷˡ

Ǹġʱֵ

ױͿ⸱ģ̸ܾеĲͬ
еģݣ˵ϼûʱӦʹ顣ϾЩ꿴ϣÿ㲻Ϻá

˭֪Ȼ

ױͻǽס˻ͷ˵ͷǣҶԲ㣬Բ衣ӣҪ֪Ҳģ׼ҡ

ͣʱҲ˵꣬˵ڡ

ױͣôˣ
ѵһ͹ңҪװֵһûʣ㵹ǻһӣ

ʱһЦǰʱϳ˼£ҵģ֪ɣ

ױ͵Ȼ֪ڴĽͼڷμ¼ʱġҪЩǮڣҲ½ͥҵҩʦʱꡣ
ͷ룬ʱĸ׵ҩϾͺݡ

Ǹһȷʵɶôܰ㵱ɢ㱻顣׼ҵ˱ҪҪˡ
ױģͷҾȥ

ʰʲôһõĴˡʱ򿪹ԣµ㿪һͼ
棬ȫǰӺͼһή¼

ʱһŵͶӰˢˢİڰױǰ

ˣһǰѣĻ¹ҵУһıöӰӺŶ֪ǽ֮󣬷ּһϲӽ
˼˭Ķ˭Ƕ˵ɵһС

ױͱᵽ£ú˵

ôó˵ˡ
ʱЦһЩ¼ԺԶȻ´ο¾ͲҥҸ˰ֱˡ

˵ֱ꣬˳ȥ

У⡣
ʱ꿴һ£̶ЦˣУ˵ҶТ˳úܣİ

УһƤЦģ˳վֱˣʲôӡ
͸뿪һۣϻ⵽˵Щʲôλ⿴ŶҪð̶ˡ

ԼѧûԿܺá

ʱȴǾ᣺УУ¶

ĳʲôУһ֪УǶ¶ôǵƣֱʲôģϴԣ

ǵȻáʱ˵ҽȻЩˡֻҪͷͷҾ͸ȫУһһ͵Уˡ

У
ڻֻѧӲÿҪУܱҳȻˡ
⴩ʲôӣһֻ󹫼

ʱ꣺Уû۹ˣ⡭

˱ƶˡУԶСǰ½Ԫ˧Ǳȥ˸ͨѶǱ˵ͷ
ԽԽⷴӦ԰׼ҵԲ⣬½Ԫ˧Ǳôͷˡ

Уʵûסһ䣬˵ʵͷλ㡭˵ʲôˡ

ҶӡʱȴΪʹϵҲ룬˵˺öôױͣҶӣġ

У
㣡ûסָ̧Դһ¡
ҪôĶӣˡ

Ȼʱ飬ɲ밤Աһ˹ȥ
УȥԷˡǲТӣʲôʱãԷ

У
ոջһ³İױͣ

ױ̲סʱ꣡

κʱѾԶˣ˵ûԶҲûٴˡ

߳ѧ¥ǱѦѾˣҰѷ˽װһѵĳԵġ
ʱԷ

ʱ˵ͷ˷Խ⣺óԣ

ѦԪ˧ԷԸģ

ⲻӦõôʱҪǲ׼ô鵽鲻ôңôᵢҳ緹

Ѧ٣
ѦٲòϣԪ˧

ʱУͨѶҪϹϾʱ׼ҵĹϵǶ
ȻԼԪ˧ȴһ¾žԼͣ͹˳Ը˲׼

ѦټǵԼʱʣΪʲô

½ͥһۣ˵ѵϻûϷֵͷϣ

Ѧٲ⣬ôҲ£Ƿǰ׼ҡ

׼˲ǰֲɲþǰһ½̫ͥ˽ʱ»Ҫ˵ˣǵʱ׼Լȥף

ѦٸϽѷǰԣԣԣ

ŴʱûأһİױɿһĻһء
½ͥ

аӺֲϴμʱƬץһࡣΪǿСǣ˭֪ϳ⡣

һŭľԼķ

ʱƼ˱죬ӺҪùඡ

Ѧ٣ţ

ϴȥһήʱҪӺ¼ǿɲΪ˿ʲô¶ܲ¸š
ǵȻΪ˽졣

浱ʱƢء
˶á

 38 



ѦĻ͵, ô͵ܰѷ칫¥ſڣ͵͵ˡ

˵ͬʱһεİױ͡

ʱɵ, ҲиͬѧñʦȥײôһϷ
У칫˵ɶУȻҲ֪˰, ʱ꾹ȻԼǰױ͵ĵ

, أҲ, ȴûôš
ʱ껹һȻûǳ˭һͲ򵥺ðɣ

ʱ, У԰̳һѲʱ굽˭ķ硣

ʱһ첻¾Ͳ̹, ȦŽӻҳأһ

ױ͵, ǸԱСӣ

λĳɾȻ, Ͼ򵼷ֿʱ, ǰԱĶӰʱôյô

ţʱ磡

ˣӽ쿪ʼʱɳʲô, Ҷþˣ

Ǿ仰Ұϵ˼Ҷˣûʱġ

Ǽٵ, ҪǸĸǱգ

Ի꿹ӣ˵ǱˣҶ²š
ʱ굽׸Ǽйϵ½Ұ

һߣȻڹעʱӡ
˲ǱˣǰӺ

ӺУģȻϲѧУ̳У˸СܣƽʱЩϢ

Ȼ˰ױȥѧУʱ顣

ʲôģӺÿ϶ѧˡ
ֻױȥѧУʱ̲꣬סһֱԡڼﻹѧУûȥֵãȥǸʱꡣ

ĸȻˣ˹
û°ɣôͻȻֿȵô㡭

衣Ӻֹס˿Ⱥ󣬱̲סȥǸ˵Ķˡ
ڻȥֵ˾֪׼ϻô
һƾʲô

ĸһʣʲô˵ʲôǮ

ڰӺ˵ⲻص㣬صǰȥڡ

Ȼĸȴڣȷ
ǰֻ˵ǼľҲ֪ʱɴİ˸ˣ֪ɹʱһڣʱɵˡ

ϴβ˵ôָǮӺ裬ô²š

ܣӺĸôڡ

Ӻʲôܵģǲڻأڣд

ǣⲻԡĸֲܸôǮ
һɣһǧ߿࣬һޣҲпõõҲЩˣһڣǾûܵġ

˵ֲ룬үүѹţ󲮿ţҲôǮ

ӺʱסˣôǮ

ĸӶ˶һۣӺĸ׻ûü뵽⣬Ǳſˣױͻˡ

ױͱһӵĻһƼĸڿʱ顣ʱŭҲǰŰӺɿһ⡣

ӺĸӶ˶ʱ˶ɵˡ

һӺĸײŸʲôö˶˵ĸʲôӣɻء

ţױЦžܸҸô£ҪǺţǲǵ죿

ô¡ĸǲʲô˵˵Ƿ𡣡
ҪҲʹǰ

˵Ȼʱ״ˣûϵ˭Ҳû֤硭

ױ͵˺˵˵¼ˣѵǼٵĲɣתӺŭʣ㲻аӺǶǸмһὣ

ĸʱӺ㲻˵¼ɾ˵ô

Ӻ˵ɾ˰ʱΪԷһüһὸתġû뵽ɾ֮ǰһ὾Ѿͼˡ

˵ɵǽʲô飬˵ѣСĸӶ˹Ȼĸӡ⻰ǰʱ˵ʱӾ˵˳ɵĶһ¶

˻һױͺͰӺĸ˶סˡ

һӺĸײŷ˰˵ҵĴôû˭˵ҰȥûҲеġ

һսʹ˱

һߣʱĲ졣ҵ극úǲԵ൱⡣

꿴ʱҲˣ˽Ǳߡ

ʱ˿̣ҿ·ڿһλʿ
Ի꿶̲סһ䣬ױ͵ô¶

ŶҶӡʱ˵һ٣һ˳ˣֻûĵĻǡ

Ի꿶ʱˣûԿɣ

ǵûʱ˵ûģѵҾǸˣ׼׵þˡ
˵˵ҽ촩һǲǲ̫

ô˵·棬Իɻʣʲô

ʱ˵㿴·ҽ»ģǰûһشϱ˵˳ɱ￴ֻûĵĻǸֻ꣬У˵Ҵֻ󹫼
ǲ·ûԣһ춼ˡ

Ի꿣Ҫſѧ
Уϰɣϻûܹ

ʱСĵĹ۲һܣⶼˣϿεʦӦòܻٻһɣ

УҪġ
·һ˲ëͺƵģѿúܡ

˵һֻˣǵֻͨܲ

ԹӡʱͳһѹӸԻ꿡
óԡ

Ի꿣ѧ
˳ʱ·ѵģΪ˿ڴװĶࣿ

Ҳ

Ȼװ˶Ͼװڴġ
ʱñġ

õĲϾЩɫ˿ߡ

ʱԭЩ˿ûôע⣬һȻǺö
֯һСڴһ

ȻͰʳװһȥ·Ҳ׼ףԱʱ֮衣
ϴҪط˯ͲɶɶȱҪϷյȶĿ̫󲻺ýͣҲװһȥ

ѼʳͬѧǷ˷֣Լһѹӿʼԡ
ǣ˶Ҽʶ죬˵ʱྐྵӸһ

ֱιӻʱ磡

ͷɣи˵ͻȻٺһЦʱ磬Ժڱиˡ

ʱꡮһʲôиˡ

ͷϵӣҹʱһһѹӣͷܴᣬȥء

Ǿǣˣ

ʱ׹ǸɫĻ⡣
ȥȥȥԻ²ǵ졣

˵Ц

Ͽ֮ǰǰԼĸֹƤƤһЩʳȫʰˣͨͨͰ

ʦ˽ҿһڲͬûУʱ꣬üû˵ʲô
ֻ¿ǰ˵һ䣬ЩͬѧǲҪսУ棬ڲ첻ܻ죬ѧٶһء

ʱ꣺

ԻҲ˵ùһ㲻ʮ壬ɣ

ʱ겻
ĥһȻؼҾȥ½ͥ

ϰ塣½ͥһؼңһСǧٻ֭Һ
Ūġʱ˵

½Ԫ˧һ۾ͲԾͷһԵѦ١
绹ʲô¶ˣ

Ѧһ£ûаԸȥͷСڷԵͦ˵ġ
ڿҲⲻɻҲͦġ

½ͥ˹ȥһۣͦࡣ
СһֱϷŪô࡭
ʲôôʡ

û£϶Լȥʵȡ
ܲʱꡣ

Ȼʱ˵ͷԣѧУҪ봩У

УһԶţһɫ֪϶ʱϲġ
һǶǵģӡ
У滹Ҫصģ㲻رͬѧô룬ѧУҪ׵ġ

ֲ֪֪ɵʱһۣҾʣҩҲȥ˰ɣ

Ͼհ׵ĶˣԷ²ʮȷҲа˳ɰڵġ
ᣬҩ½Ҿƹ㣬ȻҪסġ

ǵõʱǩЭҲдȵʱҩᱻóȥ£һЩʽ
Ͼǧٻܹ˵ʱֹѸ

ʱϰ壬ôŵģʲôʱ᲻Ҫܡ

½ͥʲô˵ȥ׼ˣ

ʲôأʱɳһͰ׼ȺˣǲŶ£ֵҷġ

Ѧ룬ɸʲô£
ĥһû뵽ʲô¡

ֻСʣʱ׼

ŶҲûʲôѧУиӮÿ궼кཱܶġʱ˵

½ͥӳܿ죬ýһ

ԣһǰУУʱһ̯֣øһɰɣʱ򲻾ͿԹ󲻴У˭˵ʲô

½ͥ
Ѧ˶ˣ׼Ǳ߲Ǵ£˵Ĵ¾ǴУ¶

УֲǷˣӦҪ

 39 



Ѧû뵽, գУĴӦˡ
ΪûУûûƤȦʦ޿, øǼȦ赲˰Ȧ

ʱ꣬Ǹճġ

УЩѧĶУʹֵزÿһļá
ͷò, ҿǻʲôٴУ

Ҿⳡˡһսϵʦ˵ʱҲ, ˵ɼһֱ㲻սϵһֱǰûȥ¾, Ե治ô¡

ԭһ὾ǵSŬŬܿѹơƫѧУܰѼһὴ򵽵Ŀ¶Ҳ, ˵ǰˡ

Уһ, ȻÿĴͷӹš

еģҲ̲ʦڵʲôѧУ, 㵱ô
˵ʱ湻õ, һҲ򵼡

Уһὸġ

뵱ʱһѧ, ѧϰžӲ¡ڣ̼ǽű˻ô֣ҩϵô˸սϵŻĴͷ͡

ʱ
֪һϢм򵼵ͱʾҲҪȥ

ǰǸѧҹҪǰ׼, ʱҪܶͬѧԾûʲôϣ߲ô⽱ѧ𣬱ûμӡ
񡭡

Ի꿵һȥ, ʱļ򣺡û뵽˸ӡ

ʱ磬ʱҿɵøͬѧЦŵ֪Ҳ̫봩У

˭봩ء

ǣ˵ȫУڶڱЩ֪ûɶϣģҲŵʱܵڱһ·Ӯǰ

ʱߵһλͬѧߣݳһƿҩģǰ챾Ҫɹˣ˵⣬ġ
ԣ

ͬѧʱһ㶡

ʱǰ˵ëʱ˵취ҩûáôʱҲûֻڿЦû뵽ġ
ܣô

Ӧðɣʱ˵ûԹϴ͵õǸЦСʱЩûͣ

žͲס
ͬѧȻûŵðƿˣͦˣôã

ʱ˳ǣǣˣõС
һ̧óһͷβҩЧһǿǸҩЧǸʼԡ
ģˣȺӦġ

ͬѧ˿ţѧҩģȴûʱҩôġ
ôãȵôʡ

ʱ꣺žС

Ŷ
ͬѧģҪڣܻԥһ£ֻžûôˡ

Ѿ˵һܣûɶЧ
ʱϵڶܡ

΢еоˣҲǽвǿģȷʵ֣ǰδйĸоһܡ

һܵЧˣͬѧᵽʲôǸˣʲôǿģһʱ鸴ӣֿЦġ
ıԱ߲֪ĸͬѧͿʼ

Ի꿵ҲȤĿû뵽ʱ꾹Ȼĳɹˡ

һҩ

һͬѧ̲סҲһԣҩôЧġ

𣡡ʱҩɱˣҩǼеøеģŴܶ౶ˣδоģʵҲôһСطġǶЧԭڶ㣬ϸζֵʦǲڿСʲô˵£ҪҩµЦһͣ

ͬѧ

ôһ˵ҲЪ˼

Ҫһʼҩֻ˿ģ˭ȶûʲô˼ȻҩȻǸʺϵõģЩ˵ԷõˣȻǲõġ

Ǻ𾪡

ʱ⻹ûҵԴһҩ

ıûɶϣˣʱ磬׼ɣ

Ȼÿ϶ˣȴû뵽ʱҡҡͷרõģ׼ñġ

ʱôŵôֳɵĲãǣ

ʱﻹбģ

İĶʱҲֱԣҪĶ˵ѧУһУˣҲù򡣡

⻰ʮֵĿ񣬸մʱҪ˵϶õ׿㶼
ȴǲͬЩ˿ﲻͬҲֻЦЦ߿ЦˮȴٳЦˡ

˵ˣ˭ûиµһء
Σ˵ֲô

һƬЦ˸վ֮⣬ûа㲻׵ĵط
һߵİ׼ңͥտɾͲôˡ

һΰӺ󣬰ױͷ޶˴һܣණ֮󲻻ɢ
֮趼ܲίֱӻ⹫żҡ

⹫ôܿŮ۸οﻹˡһͨѶ˰ԱԱ˵ʲôֻܰСӽйԵҪѵһ١

ױ֮ǻ𣬡֣ǲ֪ǻСӸʲô֪ʱǣǵĲİ䲻ᣬȥ˼ѣҥ˼Ҹ˰
Ҫǳˣôõģǰ׼ԺҪôˣ

Ա֪һɶ¡
ô֪ģʣ᲻ʲôᡣ


ױҲģͰ¼˵˳˵ôܸɳҪҪˣҴдô

ֻҪһ뵽ʱ굱ʱУ칫ϣ̬ɣŵмģľһ
ȥôȥӵġ
Ӷûôġ

СӼǺˣǱ˵ܲĸӵıҾĻ죬뺦
ױ͵֣Щίûʲô¶ɾΪɲˡ

ȻһǰԱӺ⹫ɫ
Լˣ

ӺҪҡͷ֪֤ȷ䣬ʱҲûʲôá
ڼһὣǶܲˣ߿϶ʱҪҲ˵

ǣҾҡ

Ӻ⹫㣬Ϳ

Ӻ⹫

ԼҵӺ⹫᲻ػǻͷŰױ˵¶ʵҲôѰ죬С֮Ĵ֣ûгʲô¡ǺҲ̫ƽϣʵڲаԳ棬º岻һӡ

ԱĿǰҲֻˡ

ʱӺĸ׻һ±ƣȫʲô顣
⹫ҪʱؼңУҲͬ⣬һƾʲô

ױŭ𣬡ƾ˼ƳЧõ滺ƾ˼ұ½ͥУ㵹ϰ㻹SأôһΪûУֱһ

Ӻ⹫òˬô˵أ㡭

Ӻ˶⻰˵סˣô˵ҡ˵Ƿ

ױƺҲԼ˵ĹЩҪһǻ뵽ʱ̬ȣƢƲס
ǣֲǡ

Ӻĸʱŵʱ겻һDķЩǲǱƭ˰ɣ

Ҫ֪ߵҩѧϲһɫ͵ȴԲܳɫ
ⲻûУǼʼһ궼δܳһ

ʱƫƫһ

ȷˡԱε

ǾǻûȷӺĸױʲôᣬʱ׿ڳôһ

˵ţǱ߰Ա׵ͨѶͬʱ
ͬһϢǿ

ϡ

ʱƳҩѾ˳в˶ڿûҵɾ͡

ֻҾûɶôЦ˭ᰡǮҾܷĵĸˡ

¥ǰ׳ôҩҩֲϸ˺ȵģ˼ǸҪ˵ġ֪ѹӳûõĸоô֪ʲôӵĶֻܿ˵ôʲôֻ֪֪Լ

ôôҾˡҽ˵ȱⷽġҩôô򵽡

Ӧûöʱɣҩп϶Ҫġ

¥ϰڲǰٴ顣ڿƼֱȥһУͷ

ʱѾ֪ͬѧʾѾ˽ˣھ͵ȹٷǱһǲȷʱû뷨

濪ʼѰʱʲôʱ

˵ʵʱһʼûҪģǡô뷨ͬѧһá
ڿбҪҲͲǿš

˼û˵˼ҲǲǮ

Щ̫˽⣬ԭļҲᣬϾԭҲû⾭
ܵѦ٣ʱ굱İ֮󣬾ͽ齻Ѧ١

Ѧ٣

Ѧ٣һϽ·վɵʣôˣ̫æ˶ô

ѦٱȤҲֻܸЦǣֻǽӵ񡣡

λϽм򣺡ͣ
ϾԪ˧߰µĸ٣λϽҲöʲô£ֻܹһ¡
ȴû뵽ѦԼǿ˵ˣǵ촳Ԫ˧ҩЦôʱŵǿҩҪˡ

λϽҩǵʱҩƷ

ǡ
Ѧı飬ʱ϶˵䣬Чô¡û취ʱʵ̫𺶣һҩֻһ档

ӣⷴĲֹǰλϽҲС

ˣҩЦİ

ǣ˶ˡ

˶һۣݵƿĿ⡣

Ѧֻûбεĳˣȴ֪һͷΪ¶ĳ棬ˡ

ԱԼ׼ҿϵϢʱ͸ȷ½ͥľתԭʱɵġ

ӺĸҲ˵ʲô
޵ҧгݣǸŮˣô겻ɢô

ԱͰͷӺȥʱǸʲô£Ҷһˣʲôܺú˵أ

ױ죬ƺôȥ֪֣˻ǵ˵ͷ
ǡ

෴ӺͲˣȥʱǸǸƾʲô

ȻͷԼ⹫һȥı鿴ʱҲ˵ʲôܾĻ
ֻܺ޵ҧݣΪɫʱˡ

ƫ⹫˵㲡ûãҲҡ
ǵõʱú˵ҪСӡ

Ӻί⹫

ʱĶԡ⹫ڻõúú磬㶮ôҪʲộܻ˴ơ

 40 



һֱΪǴɽ⹫ҲͻȻ, Ӻް취ֻ׼ȥʱǸ
Ȼúãû뵽ڶһ, ӺĲͺˡ

ⲡǡԭõмܺãͻȻˡ
Ӻĸװ, ױ, һЩ, ô
ҲãٵܱĲóȥǿ

ӺԼ⸱ģʮֲˬ
뾫ȥʱ, ðѶԷȥԭòͱȲԷ, ڸǲܱȡ

էһǵƸжûˡ

ĸ׽̣, ԸԸⶼһУȥø, үү⹫ܿܵί
⹫⹫, үүǱҲЩһֱġʱأʱһﲻܳ裬һֱǣʲô顣

ˣҲΪ, ⣬ҲġӺĸ׵
ǰǹһΣеڶΡ

ʱǳŷżٳµ, Ȼ˵ʲôѦٿ˰죬ЩֻǵԹǩġ
Ҳô򣬱
¥ϵţ룡

ʱ굹ûоֱܾӸ¥

ױͺͰӺţһⷿ䲼ûͦи
һǰװġ
ʱ귴˾˰ף⸸ɶá

ȥֱ˸λ£ʲô¶

ӺͷһⷴӦһ¡
֣̲סױ͡

ױôģűǿˣûһ͸
¶˼˵ֱˡ

ױͿӺǸ

ĵĵǸ˰ɣʱ˵Ҫģɰ
ǸҪãҪһҲڻ棬ô

Ӻ㡭
ȻҲǸʱôܾʮֲˬ

ȻʱֻǿŰױ͵˵ʵܸɳһҲ⣬ϾФĸôҲá

Ӻվ˵˵ʲô

ʱ껹û˵ʲôױָ̧һơ
ֹûС

Ӻĵ֣ѵû˵ʲôô˵衭

ױͺݺݵĵĻӺû˵ڡ

ʱЦ⣬ԺǲҪ˷ʱ˰ɣ
˵滹ڵңˡ

ȷڵ

ԼģΪߵ򵥣ѦһʱѲ£ѦǱ߱пˣŴȥء

ʱȥʱѦѾһˡ
ˣ򿪷ţʱ

ʱ˵ͷˣȥɵӡ

һ⻰Ѧٴž֪˵˭ˡ
ϾʱӵһЩóƺ˲ࡣټϰ׼ƵƵʲô˼Բ

׼һǲģѦٵ

ʱЦһԺǻĵġ

Ҳǡ
Ѧ룬˰ʱ£һ׮¡
ȻҲʱйأǰͳƷ滺

룡
˵طѦٴ򿪷ʱһ·ȥ

ֵطö࣬Ҫʲôʮʱ󣬶öӣͰ¶ȫˡ
ȥ·ϣ˵

Ѧ٣

ʣµͲʱˣʱǮᰴʱĹ档
ѦһʱҪȥбȥ

ֱӻءʱȻǵ˰ͣǰǼҰ´Ǽܷ

ѦȻСҲͶһˣҸ˾Ͱˡ

һɺгʱ겻½֪ͥ׼Ϊ˵ãԽҭԽᡣ
ҲƺرǾе鹣ܻȥ

ȻҲΪ߸̫ࡣ
ʵ˰׼ң˶һЩĵˣӺĸӶ˵жƣõʵʺô½ͥء

ˣ׼Ʊزܻġ

ױͺͰӺӶ˻ȥѯʱ㽫ʵ˵ˡ

Աû˵ʲôĴӱС¶첻ãСܣⲻа

ױͣ㵹Լȥ

Ҳ׵ҪǵĻҾȥˡԱĴӵ˵Сӣһһ
ǸҲˣǸܰǵø

ԣԱɫҲ̫ãǶ԰ӺЩ

ӻڻϽͣҲ֪ǲ˽ӻ

˵˵ױŭ

ǲǺ˵˵˭ԼҪĳЩ˵ɵЩ¶Щ¡

ֵܶ˵ͺƽ͵ʱ򣬰ױαץ˰ѱ˰죬ŭòᡣ
ȥ֮󣬱̲סȥӺչɷ޸ɼܡ

ʱ꣬ʱ׼ı

Ȼһʱܱģһʼȵ
Ȼ󲿷ֺʱĻսϵϾǱߴ϶ҪҲȻϵҩϵóһȾУԼһ

ҪȥĶʱ׼ˡ
Ҫ׼ģǻˮ֮ʱõġ

һȫװĴ棬ȥϷҡ

ԴӸУѧǱϷգϷ˶ʱͶ
ʱҲòÿɺˣܴô࣬ҲܿСΧڴһЩСС

ͬѧǶܳǿߣʱǸǿߡ

ǽϣһ߱ввУģϾҪˣҪץϰ

ʱ߲ܣʹĴ˴ϣϢ

һǻϵǱߵıѧУѧ̨¿Щѧչʾ
յõھλʱ껹ͦ죬ҪУ죬ǻһܹȦ

ǵǽʲôơ

ǵõʱλͬѧ⣬̨ϽԼƷʱȴʮֵš

˵ѧУʲôʱ̲ס˵

Ի꿾ߣֵôˣ

㿴ϵĹھλ˵ҪøһսϵǱô¶ˣͷھУϸִеĵһ죬Ͷˡ

Ի꿣
ǲף˼пԭѧУ˺ðɣ˼Һѧǹ̫ⷸŬ˵µڶĴ

Уҿɸ㰡һôУȻʦҲ̨Ųš

ʱ꣺ģҴأ̨ǰһ׾С

Ի꿣

ôˣƫʱ껹УôȫӰ찡

оݵ޻˵
еòǰˡ

ǲܡʱ˵

ϾμӵûһѵʱŲ˵˵׼ǧٻٷְٴȵ֭Һ˵ѧʦܴ

Ļϵ˼Ҹҩϵ
ϾʱأųܴһУأ˭׼ʲô

ԽԽʱ֪˭ʱĴ󻰷ϣһʱ֮ôˡ
Ȼ顣

ҲϾȻ𣬵ϾǼʱң˶вðġᵽһУ˲˵һУЩ˿϶ԼȲ

̫˰ɣĵҲˣҲҴôΪһҩͺţôһУʲôĴûС

ǣһУһֱǵ۹õѧУʱҪôʱܿһУ

⿼һУУûȥɣȥβУ

ʱ겻ȥһУΪԭɣҪ˵ĺ˼ҺܲƵġ

¥Բз۲ҪϴһУҲƸģûϣֻ˵ѧУòԺľ

ҳDȺѾ൱ɫɫ˾ȣҪ֪ϲֻDˣ滹ABCS

ǰ黹ͦϲģû뵽ô񡣡

һֱôǰ˵ǻң˵ʲôһύñ

оǻãʱ⣬Ҳı䲻ʵ

ЦˣҾЦóʲôö

ӺһĻ̲סЦˣǲ˷ųȥ
ʱ꣬ǰŴôԺҲЦ

ѵõģУһУڱȻϵĹע
УȻǲʡİȴȫûз˼翪ֱøѧУôҿУѧҲǲٵġ

һֱӾͳֱģʽ

мͷ־֢ʱͲˡ
Ҫǲˡ

ʱ꣬ϵ۶رѺã֧ѣ඼һУѧ
ȴɵޱȣУһף̨

ҺãҪһǧٻ֭Һ

⻰һԾ
ֱţѡô򵥵ģֻҪѧˣ˻ɣ

ǰǿ˸ܵøеҩء

˰ɣ˰ɣ

һУѧҲ£һУʲôʱôˣʱ꣬Ǹ

̨µͬͬѧһ£ǰɣǸʲô

ʱѵͻȻУʵҲͦÿģ

ֻ̨ϵļλҩѧʦҩܣһ£ڲȷ
Ⱥܸ߰

ôǺܸߣ̫Զȫȷ

ǲж١

ʱѾ˴𰸣ǧٻ֭Һǲʲôһܣܴﵽٷ֮٣Ҳǣûһ˿ʡ
˵꣬㽫ҩܵݸԵˣȥǱ߼⡣

ҽԾһأȻǲţԭȴͬ

ļٵģǧٻ֭ҺٷְôҼǵÿα˵

α˵ʷΪ߰ٷֱȣû˵ܸߣأ

Ҳըˡ

ٵİɣҼǵǧٻ֭ҺûаٷְٵģһǼٵģҩѧأһѧҩĶ֪¶

Ҳţⲻܣ

ʱ˰ɣԼ̫ãԳҵ£

ӺǴЦʱ꣬Լġ

ǵķӦͬǣ̨ϼλУҩѧʦǷɿĳ̨
ȵȵȡסǸԵģţ⣬

ϣ
ô£⼸λʦôǰٷְ٣

һ°ɣ˵ٷְٴǴڵģĳλͱ˵ʵʵûôһ˶ڡ
ʱһܣҵ۹ȷʵͦߡ
ֳûȫȷէһۿȥаٷ֮ʮǿ϶ġ
ҽȲҪ½ۣԳ˵

¥Ͽʲô㵱˭һ۾ܿ

¥ɣ۾ÿԾҪˣλǴУ˼ʵңڵ۹֪˵˼˭

Ȩ˵µ߰С˲١кܶΪڶڵģ߸ɴ಻ŵ˵
˵
ܸߣ˵ǰٷְҲ˵ѣ˵һУѧȲͲԡ

ʱĲԽҲˡ

һרҵݴ󲿷˶ףĽȴʶ־ܿ
ɷݣǧٻ֭Һ
ȣ100

һƬž֮󣬶е˶ˣ

 41 



֣һ, Ȱٷ֮ζʲô

Ȼʱûʲô˴⻰ζʲôˣĶǹǧٻ֭

ǴûȡĴȡ
滺

Ա˵ȻҲϢ, 룬֪ʱɶõǣͰ½ͥתԭû滺档
ݡǿǰٷְٵĴȡ

һʱ֮, Ƕϵֵµ, Ѱִȵǧٻ֭Һ滺Чܴﵽʲôز

Բ, ʱ껹óұĶ

һУͬѧǸȻɾҵѧУܺãͬѧɺܳɫ, Ⲧ, ϵķڷ

ΪǷŴȣ˼ֻ˵˾ʵһܣ˵һУҲõһô, ǧٻȫ۹ûһܱȵİɣ

ѧҩ, ʦѾ, סȥУ·ϡ

ͬѧǸŴ죬ܳʱȻʱ磡

⻹ôҼǵϴѧУʵ, ĻûôߵĴȡ

УЦüֲۣøҷŴ, еô

һʦ̲סЦŵֻеô

Ǻб£б¡
ѧУǼҩѧʦֵأȥģʲôӡ

˭̵סأΧסʱ꣬ʱͬѧôģʲôĵô

һ£ô쵽ġ

ʱ꣺ʦȰУôٴȥҪˡ

λʦ

ֱ豸仰Ĵ˳ȥ

ˣ

ϵǶ˺һſʼ仰ԡ
˭֪Уʲôô

ϲҪҼǵУǲЩô

¥Ϣ̫ˣУڹܣÿ춼ǫ̂λʱģ֪ʱ첻ȻץȥȦΪŽ̲ģѾӵʮȦˡ

˵У治ÿտֱѹѹһƬʱֱ˵ʵʱ괩ͦÿİõ˴ʲôÿɣ

ҵĴôôУԵСˣԹԵġƽʱЩ·ұмͬÿδҶ

žǸ˰ðɣʱһֱģûкܻڣֻиڡ

Ÿǵǲһɣ

Ӻ۾Ҫˡ
ܣܣҧгݵĿţ̲סֹȺǽͷݣղŷ˵겻أ첻УУ棬ȻҲ˸ԣ

̲סû˻ô쵽ô˱˵ĳɹİɣϾֲֳ

⻰ʮۣԵĺڷҪ˵Ҫҧ֡ҲôɣҾ˻ǵǫ顣Ĵ󻷾Уֱɵһˡ

ԲУʱֻҪûͲּٺðɣͷñѧԺҲ˴۵㣬ֱ㶮ô

ⳡӮܵõʲôĽҲȱΪ˲УɵӶ֪պ͵ȣܸɡ

¥ϾȻҥ治ʱٸҲһˡ

ӺЩţľãⲻܣʱôôء
ͼһʵҷ˹档

ʵң֣ϴһ䣬½ͥ˵½ҵ˽ʵҡ
˼Ҵʱ˰ٷְٴȵǧٻ֭Һ滺滺Чǰõ滺ЧҪɱ
Ѿȥزű

½Ԫ˧һ֧ţҲ漴ʾѾʵҹв滺Ҫʿ

þô죬˵ٵǸأ

Ӻڵһʱɾظ˻ȥ
ȴѾͼˣ˿ʬ

Ϣ̫һʱ֪˵ʲô

õİɣʱ俨ġ

϶õİһû׼ǰ϶ҪܵġʱǱ߹ϵܺõǿ϶ģ⹫ʱ䣬˵ñЩϵûš

ֻע⵽ҩѾô˵ˡ

Ҳ𣬲½Ԫ˧Ǵ󷽣ϴּĸԼҾá

½ҾڵĴһܺãûע⵽ôǸʵһ½ҵ˽ʵҡ

ԲֻҪʱǮˡ

ͻȻһ£Ǹڡ

ڡ

ȻҵЩɣ˭ҸĸҲɶֱӸ㻨ġ

ԶԶԣǰ÷ǳʵװװôġ

ʵ֤ĸܲǮѧĶԶŬ׬Ǯ

װʲôô˭ӡ

˼ô˵ʱû˵ԼҺǮɣֻ˵Լû˰ǧٻ֭ҺбЭ鲻˵ô˵ҾôͻȻǮΪ˸ù

⻰һûţʵ˺ðɣ

˵ƺȷиʱͬѧϣʱߴǮ˵Լ׬ġ
ʵʵ˵ͬѧ⵱֤磬Ͼʲôһ׬ôࡣ

Ҳмģ˶˵
ˣʱӳʲô磬ΪʲôҪȥʱꡣ

ֹˣһ濴Ļŵⷽʱֱǻڲ
ôѣ׷ˣȴӲûˡ

ʱ꣬ѾУܱΧһȺˡ

ȰѼһֱʵʦشˣǸ֣һףϰ취ͳˡ
ȻֱһȺͬѧΧסˡ

ʱǶԵһ־ڱصãһҲǻᰡ

ǰһֱʱ׼ʲôû뵽ҵС

ٷְٰţû߲֪ǰ޹˰ֲЩʦô

вٻϵĹк׽ԣԺ˭ò滺ôвʶ¶

ӱһֱѧʱ߾ûˡ

ǻؼϷ߶滺顣

ɺһʣ˵ıϢôУиţȻ˰ٷְٴȵǧٻ
ҷԽԽˣһҸʶ

ʱꡮǡһ˵ҿ밤

Ȼϻװһ٣߷ǵԼǻӿڳڼôô꣬ż˰ɣҲǣôõ滺˭ܲء

ʱľϾ򵼵ľټˣһҲ򵼣ȻϷĿǰҲԽɺȴûɹ򵼡
ǻãǱǰٷְٴȵǧٻ̼֭ġ

Ϊ޴ֱʱѹһ١

˲ˡ䱾˻ûԼˣǰ򲻹򲻹Խ̬ˡ

ûסЦˡ

ȸʱֿŵ˵㷢Сļ򣬡Ժ˵ע˭ܵǸյеġ

˼Ȼû˵֫ԺԣƲЩ

󣺡ˣһʱ̸ֻһðɣ

Ǳʱ껻˶֣òˡ
¥½ͥʱŻһǰһ˵ʲôԸѦ¡

ʱҲ⣬˻֣˰
ʵǱ߽ǧٻ֭Һıлһȥ˿㣬СӲųԡ

½ͥʱѾ˴ɳ棬ʱ߹ȥһվ˵һԺڲôУˡ

½ͥ翴ˣУɳأһͱòҪҪġ
˵ȴǣڸҰͨѶҪҪ˵䡣

ʱ꣺ţǸѦ˵ûͶ

½ͥõĶڣ͵͵ܳġ

ʱ꣺

½Ԫ˧½ͥЩ񡣲ˣԸβ˵էһǺŵģͬ½ͥǿƽܴ
֮һ̣ƵҪ˹ˮӺĴС

ʱ˿̣ȴ͵͵ܳӴͨѶ
һʱš

СǷ޶˵ĶԻ½ͥмƺš
ȿȣ⻭Ҳȫ⡣

Ҫ˵Ǽģҳȥǹͼ½ͥѾժһ߶˹

ʱ꿴һۣҲ֪ôģȻҲûоܾ

ϺǱߴĹȻ½Ԫ˧СʱǰɣϿˣҲݣԺŬ
㰢̿Ҳͦ˵ģҪ´ǣʹͨѶˡˣסڼǧȱʲôͥ˵һûô£

ʱ꣺
Ϥĳʱ꿴һ½ͥԺҲ
ھѾи˵ϰˡ

֪ˣϰĵʱ˵ϰҲúòװ˺ȥˣǧɱô

½Ԫ˧̲סʧЦСӡ

ϰĵúţͷİɣһῴϰġ
ʱ½Ԫ˧Ҳûʲô˵ģܽһ£ְѶͻɫӵ½ͥ

ŵѦٺ޲ԼⶼʲôԻô

Ȼ˵ⷭȴڣǻ˻֣ȥˣ⡣
Ȼ½ͥˡ

ǰ½ͥ˵ѵĵطø࣬Ҳ١ҪȫһûܵģǱԶ̫Сˣ߾ʹˡ

ǣʱ껹˺üܵĻס

ʵĻףϷġ

ܵҲʵģǱǱߵܲ

ʱȥһǹٶϤһȻȥȦܶϰˣҲоʣںϡ

½ͥǱߣΪȥŪǧٻ֭Һȥˡ

ɺϵǣǱ߱½Ԫ˧֮ǰŪ˲ٵǧٻ֭Һһ䣺
ˣѾһˣʲôʱԼȥȡ

½ͥ˵ͷ

ѦٴΰݷˣԪ˧ǰȻ˵ûûɶ¶Ҫ;Բ

ʱѾˣ½ͥһۣʣô

ʱҡҡͷֵѵ֪Ĳ㡣ҪǿԵ㣬ǰԲҪ档

½ͥС

Լһ룬öƬ⡣Ȼ˶ʱҪ˸ͿӣʱƬ⡣

ҹҪԵ㷹㲻УӪϡ

ʱ꣺Ŷ

 42 



ѦѦ㵱ȻҲ, Ǹųһ롣
϶ûʱܴ½ͥĴģֻԼȥһԼԡ

һ߳ԻһֹţϲǸó嵭ô, Ȼûͦ嵭Ҳ̫˰ɣ

ĳˣָʱλǻȫ, ϵĸɳ, ܽô

ȻȻû˹ע뷨ʱ¥˯ȥˡ
ڶȥѧУ, ıѾˡ쿪ʼ죬㶼սϵıˡ

Ȼ׶Ի׵ĸ, Ҳ̫ΣЩõľǿϷ, ʱ棬ĻС

Ի꿵ǿú𾢣ֻ¾ľ֡

ͷһʱȤ̫, ˣ㲻úܰЩô

ʱ˵ʲô˼, ֲϳ

֡Ի꿵ѧУϷջǸҸõĲ̫ͬ, 򵼽ȥᱻѹġ
У쵼ҪģΪѧиʵ˵һǺģҲάˡ

ʱ˵°Ҫܲܰѹ

Ȼ˼սϵսûɶϵ, ֻ濴š
ƼȽϤҡ

ͦʣѧУֵĶǱսʽϤ, ʱǶ
⼸˵սֺԣϴ

Щ֮⣬˳ƼԷĶֱ´ˡ

ϧ
ʱ룬ϧϳȻøھ

ţһ£㿪һһͬѧ
λҲǸ濴ģΪһϵַһ䣺տģʱ磬Ȥ

ʱ㿪һġ

ʼ˵ҵԺ϶кܶѡ񣬺ܶʵҿ϶Ҫġ
ڣȽ֪ô½Ԫ˧ھģ۸ô̸ġ

ţ˿ʼĸ
ҲȻ˼һὡ

һڶˣʵûʲô˵ģ˽֪˵Ǹ¹⡣

ʵ˵ֱڣ϶û֪¹⾿˭ֻ֪ôһˡ

ԴҾû֪Ǹ¹˭ô棬˭ôʱ

ʱǰûôǮ츳ҲûԳɣҪǼһ۾̫Ϲ˵ʵûɶ̫츳ʱѾܴˡ

ȷܴ򣬲һǰAS⿴ǰʱ껹Щ䲻ϵİɣ

䲻ϸһ֪ˣһ׷ˣ䲻׷ëߡҾһὣʱ˵öԣһAΪʲôȥһУУҲҪô͵Уɼǲ˵þˣϹ˺츳

԰¹⵽˭

ұ˰ɣʱһֱû¹⣬ûɶ˵ġϾ˼Ҳͦҵģһὸϲϣܼܲһͷϰɣ

˵ǣ˱ˣ¥ʲô˼ɾ

ԻҲЩǲʱĻֻҲ棺˭˵ô

ܰʱұӡ

ԱŶͬѧ
ʲô𰸡

ԻҲһЦ⻰е¹²ʲô޹·˵Ľɫ
ȴʱ껹̫ˣָɶ¶Լ˰ǳˡ

ûаһͬѧһֱˢŹأûС
Ҫǳˣ϶̴õǣ㶯ġ

ʱ꿴һۣ࿴¥ķԻڲزסĵ⣬Ѿ֪ˣʱûԡ

ͬѧļٵİ

ܿ㲻òţΪɾ˶ˣ¥ͳˡ

¹޹Цˣȸǿͼ
ʱһϣӺǸԭ˵ǧٻģпñ˵ĳɹ
Ķ⣬⣬λ¹Ҳ޹У¹ͬѧȻɾǲͼڵġ

¥ϸҵӺй̡
ʵһʼҲûǰ¹⣬ò࣬Ҳͦԩġ˭ϵҽ׼úÿ⾿˭ҥʱ꣬ǾǡɿƬ

һˣøʱ껹мơ
¥ǿеĶʱ;ˣһ¡
ò˵¹û˷ֵȷصǲûع¥Ϊ¶ʱ¥һÿ¥ǳͼʱһ
ǰжʱ䰵һὣȻһʱûɹʲôעһעͷּһΪ򹷣ֹһιעӺܿȡء

һ߷һ򹷡

ҵǲͲҪǵóʱ꣬Ļᱻ¥֡

ô˵¹⻹Ʋ޹

Ȼʱ˵˲õĻҲֻĻɶԣֲҲɾˣ֤ǰһήйأ˼ô޹

¥ϣԲ

ʱ̫ˣҲ°¹һǳȫ顣
Ա֪ˡ

ԭǲעЩϵ˺Ƶģ˭ʱ棬һôһҲȥ
ϸһ

ôô޴Ա̲ס

ͬһʱ䣬ӺĸҲ˵ôôֻԼŷô˵㷢Ǹʲô

ӺҲķҲû뵽ôáҵʱʵ̲סܿɾˡ

㣬㡭˵ʲôãֱһҲû̳еҵĴ
ĸµȱ嶯һ䣬Щļ䶼Ǻ̵ܶģʱͺˡ

Уߡ
ԻҲЩ£˵ȵȣҷӦһ¡ղ˵ӣΪǰʱױ͵˵԰˵ȷӡ

ʱ˵ͷȻأ

ȻԻô˵˭ܷӦ

Ǽ˻ǡӳĸҵԻ꿳ǵ
˰¹⻹ôġ

鲻ֹԻֵ֪̫ϸ֪˲࣬ţʲô¹¶ϱȽе͵˼Ҷ֪

ϣܿͱ˳

ôЩ˲ϲӺƽʱˣʱ򻹲Ͻ侮ʯ

һ£ӺĸҲǣ˽

һʼѹû뵽ϾȻô
ҳԵá

ʱ磬йôһѡһͬѧ̲ס̫̼ҵŹӳԡ

ʱ굱ȻУץһѡ
ߵط̫ʺྐྵӣʰҲûӡǼͬѧһ˷ô˼˼ʱƤһС

̨ϣܻǴѷ֣̼ǳκ¹۳սϵָϵͬѧϵȫȥԹˡ

ԱĶӣһ὿롣
˶Ҫôһ䡣

ֻʱ굹ƺûôӣΪֻ֪ǰӺã漰ĸӣԼǶ£׼Ҳǵġ
ܿ죬ͻ룬Ȼ

Ȼֹ׼˶ˣӺĸ׼ңҲһ

ʱͣ˶ȥʳóԷʱ굱ȻҲ⣬ϾѧУ綼ˡ

ʱԻȥѣ¾Ǹһģ߻пֱó棬ȫȥԹˣû˿ҵӢˡ

ʱϷǸģĲʲôӢˣǶԷģûסһ¡

ҲԼ̫ǿͬѧУǺġ

˱ϾһܷȦľ˱кҲûߣѸһͬһȥԷˡ

м¾ͳ̲סıʱȻûô˵һҲ֪
̲ס죬˴ˣֵڰ˵˾Ͱһ£Ҫʱ³ѡӲһ·ֻԷ׼ˣô򡣡
ϧ֪ʱֱ㿴ΣܣʱǶ㿪ˣʵǸʱ·ֻܱˡ

Ȼ޾ԡʱȥл̵ᷭġһսĶʵ󣬿־ͳһԷûǸ̵ܷġ

һ㶣ʱ֣㾹ȻԻо

ʱһ󼤶ʱ¾һߡ
һϸģóʱ˵ȫ֮ⲻǿϷģֻ˽׵ġ

ôģʱȻһ㡣
ԴǰȦʱҾͿ棬һƫǸڱģҲܣ顣

¾ɿһ˵ʲôأʲôн飬⡣

ǡԻҲĸ򵼶ôܣôܣҽˡ

ֱгһ仰ˣֱӱ޻˵

Իͣ˻תʱ϶͵Ϸհɣϧ϶ûɶʱ䣬Ȼһ棬ǰҲ˸š

ʱҲһΡ

ûʱ䣬ϾбæҩϾУһֱأ߶õ£УȴһֱʵΪϷҪ½ͥȸߣ¶첻
Ȼǧٻ˾֪УӦ֪Ϊʲôһ߶ˣǲʺϸԻ»һ

Ȼ˵룬Ǹĳɽһʱ䳤Ҳ˻ɵġ

Ȼص㻹ǣڻû㱩¶ԼʵҲ顣

ʱҲһꡣҲ˵Űʱֲɵ

ʱһ٣˺ܾأǰǿϷ
ûñŰ
Ϸǿֶ˵塭

ѵȳֱ

ʱ㡣ҪڽʹȥʲôĵطͼͨѶˡ
ǰ˳סϣⲻһϢ֪ͨˡ

ʱ磬ǸӺ㡣

ʱüһԭǰӺʵּܶˣûӦ˵һ䣺
װʱ꣬ˡƷⲻԼһƳôװ޹أ
ΪҲһףñ˶ǰ棬Լ޹úܣ¶ȴȫˡ

Ի꿣ӱԹˣ˶ѶԽȥô

˭֪ʱֻ֪Լˡ
һǲظ

ӣʲôأԼñ˵ǹҿɴ¶
Ҫ㣬



˵ţӺͼһή¼ȫȥ
ôܲȫء

 43 



¼ʱסױ, ȻҲܴӺ
Ͼ˶οزʶѡ

ʱ˧, һˣ

㣬ֲðӺһſھǻʱڱָʹԭԼͳ, ߼, ȻñҲһ

ˣʱͬ, ѡֱӲܡ

ʲôʢ亱Ҿüһе, ô˻û˵

ӺΪ˭, ԱӣͿôŵô

˵ǰоɾѹȶȣ˵ǡ

ڵԽԽ, ԭ׼ߵǲɢָñȽԶʱûõϢ
, ͼ֮, Сʱ׸㶨

˭ҲûϵӺճһ£ʱ鳴øˣѹ޿ѹ

ʱ, ЦӣͻȻױѧУ, ʱֱӵУ˵Ҷӡ
ͶˣױǶӣӺɲӡ

㣬¶̼֪ǼҪϿԡ

һ£ױͶɱģͷ

׼ҵ˶Ҫˡ
ӺأԱ˭˵˵ģô

ױҲһӵĻ𣬸Ͻ˴Ӻ

Ա߲Сܣöӡ
֪һ¶ȫѼֳģ֪ĻΪһƴء

ôЩ꣬ЩУҲûôƤġ

죬Ӻ˻ᣬʱͷһǶЩ˲ں棬ô侮ʯ
زѹѾȫѹȥˡ

ܿ죬˶֪ǼҵЩ¶
ң

ʲôױͻȥѧУҹʱꣿȥʲôѵΪʱɾЩͼ

˻ҪôʱӲȻñ۸ʲô

ʱҲû˵ģ½Ԫ˧վءһܻ̣Կա

ֲðӺôӲһ㲻£ǰΪӲû߲֪ͼ£룬ΪͼѾɾ˰ɣ

ױͺ˵ǣȥʱ겻Ϊʱ˵ʲôҪ˵Ϊ²˽£תͷ˼Ҿ͵ù½Ԫ˧ڳһ˲ţȥǽǡ
ؼǣ֪ʱ굽ʱ򻹻˵ʲô

ʱŹԹɵһСô
ģѹ׼ԷȻˣȳȥʱ˸ͨѶ

ʱһŽӣױȴҷֻܺʣôŽͨѶ

ʱ꣺֪˭Ϊթƭ绰ҪǶ˼ڻӡ
ôæء

ױ˵ʲôæģæȥϽô
ȥŵʲôЩ¼㲻֪ڴô㡭

⻰ѵȥĺöôҳȥİϹû
ʱĻЦҺ۸ң

֪һ㶼ô룬ɶޣúгദ鷳ûеסһ˴Ҫһ̣ͨµķû£ܺ߷ȥԭ¡ʲôأҴĶȥ۸
㣬ҸӺ֮䣬ǸԶֻ

ԹŲӣȻҾ͸Ҹˡʱһҵӣӡ

˵꣬͹ͨѶ
ʲôأԭëɣ

ԭ֪᲻ӣʱֲӣǸ׵ģӣ

ͨѶʱȥˡ

ֱͨԽԽʡ
ϾĶʵѡ֣Ҳ㡣

ΪڷϴһѣֵʱԻ꿽ڶսĳ

˵ǳ׶ȤԻ񫣬ߵͬѧҲǿͬһ
ʱǿܿöҾֻҷɡ

΢һЩȫȲʱ簡

أ

дӡ

ڿ֮չȥһԭһѧУСɣ˲࣬ӦͦСڵġ
д˭ģ

ȻͿһƪУ֮
Уܰӡ

һ˲仹ΪʲôصCPģһУԡʱĹ¡
㱻ʮȦҲ١
ʮȦܺãҲûУ

м仹ʱڵİٶǶǽڣѧ۶ӾûôϹΪʵߣУ˿һ١

ǰѧУڱе¾Լһὡ
ҲûŮҲûѣ౼۵·ϣڶһʱꡣ

һڱһ򵼰һ˾ǲǵиʲôCPСϾʱҲ˵ϲȽǿˣѧУǿһˣһþǳ
ʵʲһһдӲдֵ飬һûв˵Ҳӡ
ûл𻨵ʲôزأô˵ɣǸڱ࣬ʱĳ£Եͬϵһ㣬ôоˡ

ǺCPûˣĲ١

˱С²˵м仹ƪƪС˵дġѾд˱ҵԺȥġ
Ϊսϵҩϵû͸ĳϷ棬ʱͳΪˣ߽ʱдһܴܻܿ׵򵼣˸ʴϻѧɶɶĹҡ

Ȼٵÿԣˬͬѧ͵鿴ʱ꣬ûעߣżԱߵ˰ôͷӾԲ

ʲôͷ߸Ҳ̫СˣУ԰ˣŸʱǻ½Ԫ˧ϹϵôǿղܵĿշʱ粻д˼

ãʵû뵽ᰡ

Ǳʱ˿֪Ͼ˶࣬϶ӡʶյúúõģֻߵ˻
΢ԶһСһ㣬Ͳȥˡ

ͬԻ˼ҵѣҪ˵¾սʽԼԶԷķһĸ߼
ս棬ʱ׿ָ˵ǵֱѰ붮Ի꿸˵ˡ

Աߵ⼸ͬѧǣ

ǰɣ
ʱʵǡûĻϾ¾Ӯ˰ɣǰɾ˰һָ̻ô¡
治Իôȥϰ

ƫʱ껹˵ᰡûϵսͺˡ
㿴½ͥǰճտһЩǰս¼Ǻܲġ

ǣ˼ұϾԪ˧أǵ۹Ԫ˧һͬѧ˵

ǰǿС̳ͬѧԷ׷׿۾һʱ绹½Ԫ˧ǰƵȻԱȽCPУ

ԣԺྡ

ʲôྣΪеЩ±ʱ֡
ͷ˾䣺Ҫྐྵô

ץŮͬѧ

һ֣ҪҪɣ

ʱ͸ץһѣĶٸ˵ôС塣

ŮͬѧͷŶŶŶ
һת˿

߱ϣԻָ˵ǡ
û̫ˡ
Ǽ֣һһôȸӵҩʽء
ÿʶ

ֱѧӻʱ˵Ļ

ͬ¾Ϸʱ̲ס˵һѡ
һʼʱ˵ģ¾ʧЦ˵⻹ǰװ˵ģϧˣǸ򵼡

ԽԽǾòԾ

ͬڵʱߵҩѧͬѧ¾Ǳˣ׵ģǺ˵˵еô

ϸ˵˵һΣʱ굽ô˵ġ¾

ԻȻϾߣ䣬㽫һθ˳ֵĿ¾ôˣ˵ô

û̫ˡ¾˵ʦҲŬǸϰߣϰ̫ãԻûĵ˽̨ʱԾ˳һǰȻûһ֪ȷ˵İȽϺá

ǰԷʱʱʱʲôϾЩһ࿴Щ˽Щ֪ⷽʶС
ܰһ˵ȱȫָģһ㶼Ҳǽ̹ټģ̸ֽġ

Ͼ˽⣬ʱҲۺʵ¡
ʱ˵ȴȫû

ҪǸڱٸߵ¾˵ʵаżһὴ
Ͼһͦϵġ

AǸزǿԣSôôˡ

ʱ˿̣¾Ի꿾벻ʱѾվĻǰ
½ͥļܻ۲ˣǰһֱţ쿴һսϷѾ㲻ˡ

ʱ˻ס

ò˵Ի͵ǿϷ治׵Ĵ󲿷ͺţ˽˶⣬涼С
ʱһϣԣǾõһSס

ϻ׵ȫ̶Ϸһʱ궼öģ˻ף

Ҳãֻǰ˸ʽûȥ

ϾⲻϷҪġǸᣬ˾͵װɲϷˢһ־еġ

ѹѹ⣬ʱʱʱһŵģȴҲĿǰ״̬治һﵽSڱ״̬
ҲȻڵѹֻӣЩܲˡ

ͦˣϾûһûͱ

ң
£ܻӦþܿˡʱĬĬ㣬ˡ

ѡǼܻף۰ºټ
ȻȥȦȥϷȥˡ

ԴĻϷʱǰϷӵһߣϷնˡ

ȻУ֪λУѧɧƭˣʱʺŶûߣΪÿ춼ȥǧٻ֭Һһʱ䶼ûС

ϵҲͬ뷨һĶ˵

ʱȻϷˣÿ϶ڵ󡣡

ڣҲԸ⵱󡣡

ǧҾԸ⡣

˭ء

˵Ľʱ꣬׬һӿܶ׬ǮǮջвţСӣ϶̡

ĽһҲ룬϶Ǽ½Ԫ˧ģ˵ܾ붼ĽòС

ϾʱסԪ˧黹ûȥϵǻ֪Щȴġ

ƾʲôƾʲô󣬰ӺðѴͷϵĶȫˡ

Ϊǰ飬˸ѪͷǸɴٲҪȥѧ
֮⣬㣬˷ϢȨޡ

˭ҲϵҲٷʲôԣֻڼܿŭ

ƾʲôһԣôעš
ƾʲôһD򵼣ȴס½ͥļ
ƾʲô

ƾʲô

һ죬ǽϵĴĻˣ涼ˡģױ͵㴫˽
˷ƢʲôSأҲѧҩѧģôûʱأ

ʱ꣬ʱ꣬ʱ꣡Ӻҧгݡ
̧ۼ׼ȰĸףԹ޵裬㵱ôûܳɹɱء

 44 



Уһ, սϵǰҲˡ

¾ͳռһǸһʱ겻ʶڱ
ҩϵԻԼһһѧ

ܺáʱЦŵ, ԺܼСѴװˡ

ô˵ġԻʧЦôһ˵Ѿͦ, ˸СǹƵ, ʲôСѡ
ϾҪżˣЩ, Ҳ˼ˡ

ʱ꣺ǻѧô

ѧУô࣬ƫڷżǰá
ܾѧУ첻ô׾ͷżˣȻУûҪô, ŪһϷա

Ի꿣, û
ⲻҪδҶʮõССĶ, ʱһҪ

ʱͦðʱ˵ѧУż٣òٵ顣
ַĶ, ʱһȥ

Ҽ졣Ի꿵ͷҰѵַ㡣

ʱ֮, Ի꿻˲ٰͬѧ¾ȻǶһǣҼͥҲϤ䣬ζرĴ

Ȼú֪ܵͬѧӦøЩϵĴдһ᲻, ԿһС

ʱǸ½ͥһġ

ϾλǱ磬϶ҲҪġ

֮⣬½Ԫ˧½Ҳˡ
ûлؼ, ϵķɴֱ֮ߡ½˴ͨѸʱڣһˡ

󻹱½˱Թ½Ԫ˧ҪʱУûþ͵ûȥһˣԻ꿶ٳ
½Ԫ˧ȥˡ

ʱ򣬷ֻ½ͥ
ʱԱмͬѧҲս˻֣ʱ磬ˡ½½Ԫ˧

½ͥǵ˵ͷ

ʱ곯ͬѧǻ˻֣ȹȥϾ͵
˵ţ½ͥһ·ߡ

Ǽͬѧ

ðΣǲ૵ʱǸ½Ԫ˧һġһȥˣ⿴ģ찡

һǵһο½Ԫ˧ˣ˧

ȫһǻǸǵô˧ȨǮһͲѰ£ֻҪõ¡

˵䣬Ի꿰ŵѾ˹ȥǸС䡣

ߣʱ½ͥһ·߽ȥ˺ܶˡ

ϾԻݵˣ߶ɲֹף඼罻

ʱ½ͥԣҵ½ˡ

ʱ֮ԽҲΪ˸к
ȻֱӸǼͬѧˡ

඼ʶҲûʲô˵ġǿУҲܵû

ʱǹȥһƣУ¿һ飬ŵ˼˾ᣬôǴøֻ󹫼ƵģҲ֪װ

УμģҿֻμͬѧյİʱкҿɾͻǱˣһѧһѧУѧûװġ

ⶼǰ˵˵ġ

ʱ۵ҪҪװ˵ӦҪμӹװ

ʱ˾˵ֱԻ꿲͵ˡ

治ãС䣬Щһ𣬴һЩҲû˵ʲô

У˵꣬ʱǱȥˡ

ǵһԻ꿼½ͥհѦٸˣѦһ¡
߶Ȼ˵죬϶·ġߵλûôԭ·ȥ·˽·

˸ոյˡ

ױͣԼǸŮˡ

ʱԭӡмʱŮ˻Щ仯ģʱˣ
ǵ½ͬ꣬Ҫվһǲ𣬻ͦ޴ġ

ѦȻҲˣôˡ

ʱ꿴һۣ˵ǻ˵
罻

ûǡѦ˵ǸҹϵԼͬԪ˧ĸ׸ԡԼҰ£ҷӡ
ϾҰĲ½ͥվڻʵߵġ

ʱǾǺƤ£ж಻Ҫ֪ô

ô¶ô룬ҪЦ
Ȼ׻ûϳȥ

Ѧ٣϶ûġ
Щǵɨһۣʱʵڿȥ

ܿըըˣ

Ѧǿ϶ܡ

¸Ѵһȫ죿

Ѧ٣ôܣ

ʱЦһ㵣ʲô׼ЩҿˣͻˣˣƤӣһһˡ
㣬ڵǰ͵ط

߱߻ͷ֪ĻΪˣô趨ء
ˣҪʵڲģͷ㿴ţǸʲôͬ˵ʱӦԡ

Ѧټֱ˵޻˵ֻȽʱط
Ǳߴ󲿷ֵͬѧѾˣԻ꿺¾дҲʱܹ˵䣬Ὺʼ͵ùȥˡ

ʱȥʱͬкʱ˰

ʱţǱȫǴУҹɨһ۾͸оȥʱװûȥһȦ

ʱ΢΢һЦУҲأҪǸо£Զ󡣻߾͵У棬ǲǸоϤ˺ܶࡣ

˺ðɣ

ҲŸһкǸƺԶһ
̸Ҳۡ

൹ǳʱģŸ۾ƢܺõӣҲ֪ô͸һˡ

ʱͬǴкƼɺ
ǰ߳˵ͷѾ̲ס˹

ʱǰɣ󼤶㻹ʶҰɣҽһУģ¾ǰһѧУһ࣬ǴСһ𳤴İɣ
Ҷ

ɹ˼ˣЩ졣

Ҹʲôò׼ˡ

¾Ի꿵Ķ磬Ҫ첻ݵܴԺ󶼲òݣŲţ

ΧͬѧûסǵĻЦ

һôˣʶһ¡תʱ꣬ˣ㲻ǰϷôʵǿôͷӸѣ˵һ濴һķ˿أûá

ʱǱߡ

ױͺһȥҵϤˡ
ϾͷģܷǺڼףԼͲʶ׼ҵģ˶մֶ

ױԼȻûôϾиõΧҲΧ˲˵ġ

Ѧٱ˱죬̫ʱʲô
֪û˻ӭô

ǱߣһСľʲôʱĶӣ͵Ǹ

ױ͵˵ͷɲ걻ߣǸҲǵټԺ飬һˡ
׷վߣһ΢ЦǰʮûǺ˰ɣôˡ

ǰǳ粨ֵö˭֪
̲ס͵⣬ֵûͦ

ᣬᡣ׷˵ͬӺ֮Щᣬ˵˾ͺˡ

ʱ׼ģΪ˴֣˿ϷĿˡ
ͬӺͬȻҪҧҲװģ

վţЦᣬ˵ϸôּﳤ˵Сģ

ȻɰѦٸĻˡ

֪˽϶ûģȴû뵽ǳġ
ԼҵɢͬʱĹϵ

Ŀﰡ

ҪԪ˧еĲʱĹϵôгô

ȵסء
ĶԼߵˣвҲǸ½ҹϵǳЩϽ֪õҩ԰׼֣ܷ֮ã

ҽ֮˶֪ʱǰױ͵ĶӣȴԪ˧סһ𣬲֪˭֪ʲôӡ

ǳġ

Ѧȥ½ͥ˵һһ룬¶Ԫ˧֪Ҳû취ѵ˵죿
룬֮ǰ˵ҪʱֳϢģǸϽҲ˵ˣҲͼӴ׵İնĸһ¡

ʱ꿴ϢЦһ

ҲǣѾǵòˣױͺλ˵ûüˣ˰ҲˮǸð취

ϧ

ʱ¾ƱѦٻ˾䣺ſڵңҴظ½ͥˡ
ͬΧͬѧ˵һе£ҹǱһˣǼ

һһ𡣡ҲҪȥ

ɵļͥҳ춼ҲˡǴװͬѧǾۣҲҪǱ߱ĸż˵ġ

ĻмʱǶһ׼ȥˡ

ʱ꣺
˳û˵ʲôߵ󻰺ܶ࣬װôȻҸʲô

ɰһ߰ס⻹ô
˼ԹȥĿĺǲһ

ʱ꿴һۣѧָӵĹȻϣϿûŭȥ¶ģƫ˼Ҿܷ
ɵ˵Ƚȥˡ

Ѧſأָ·Ƽ˰ױͷ޶ˡ

ʱߵʱǶԷҲǡ
ױ͵ͷһǰ׷ûֱӴʱ꣬öࡣֻһü̾˿⺢ӣڱԵǴˣôСʱѧĶˣֳӦôǡ

ܴʲôҲǽӱĿˣЩ˱ܴʲôǲʱ˵ߴһߵȡ˱ƣϣһ˭أԭǱ˶˵ˡ
صԼˣֵܣǷޱ

⻰һ߱˦ʵûסֱЦ
һЦһãȻҲع񡣰ױ͸̣׷Ŀڷۣȴǿţ⺢ô˵أѵǽô

ʲôҪʱĻֻ֪սˣСͬѧĶϺ֣۾͸ɴֵףѵɵЩ¶һƿܲܰͽָıδꣿ

׷˵Ͱˡ
ױҲһ죬㣬֪

ƵҶСʱһһֱ̧֣ӰľƱľȫϡ
ˣҲ䵽ˣǸˡ
Ѧ٣Ϳͣ

ʱָţ⣬ȥſ˵һŵĳ۾ôʲôèš

Ѧ˶ɵˣû뵽ʱô
ĹȥˣֳУôȥ˱ƣ׼Ҷ˵Ƕˡ

֪ΪΣ˾ȻûʲôĹԹԸųȥˡ

㣬Ѧ룬һһ˭ǵʱǰױ͵Ķӣ
ױͲӪһǸӹϵģôٿ֮ĹϵҲԲǹϵá

ǲܲͬˡ

¶ûɣ˴ˡ
Ͱױͷ޶˳ȥʱѦ鰡ǽһˬ

ǱߴʱһУϰºͺ͵ģѰ˼ŵĻá
˼λﲻТܲ鷳ˡ

úÿȻһЩʱˣϵı飬ʣӲ˲ĸŶ˱᲻ᣬСС¡

ѾŴˣ⡭ôҰô

ɵ٩㲻ϲô

ˡ
ױǱݵĶֱþϣĸҶ˼ҪһҪ֣ᱻ˵ġ

 45 



ʱ껹֪, һôôء

ˣôһɴʱû뿪, ߴһ
ȻûʲôݣͷѦٶںͷǰ˵, ˰ٷְٴȵǧٻ

һ츳ڵҩʦ, һдɽҩʦ

˵ҲôǣмСֹôоղŰױ, Ҳûء
֪ôģֻҪʱ꣬;÷ĵЩء

Щ˲ΪǵҲ, ˰֮, Ǽ˵ȻЩͬĸо

һͬѧҲȥԼҸĸߣ뽻ʡ

һͬѧĸĸ̲סʵһģ

ǰͬѧʱȫû뵽ҸûʲôԾ, һΪǸһ˵ġ
˭֪, ˼ǹġ

ĸЩ, ǻҲҪЩ
ͬѧĸ׵Ǹϵĺӣһհ׵ļƻɾȫˡ

ĲҪıҲʲô̬࣬ȡ

ʱһ, ûٸ׼ҳϹϵһֹŵʱС˵ʲôǰױͷ޶˱ôԴû˵ʲô

ٿʱ, ˶ܻ᲻̫ᵽˡԲǣֻòТƺ̹Ȼúܣ֪ĻΪǰױ

⵨ӡûסСϵãֱӸ׵Ͳò̫ô

ʱҪ϶˵á
Ҫ׵϶ôɣױʲô

߶ôȻҲ˹С

½õͻ𣬡ô˽ˣ͸øϳȥǰ¶
СҲЩʲôģǰʲôʲô

ǰϲʱ꣬㵱һǧһ׼˾Ȼ˻ңּôû罫˵档

ֻü룬ԼãԼ߳ġ

½Ԫ˧ӷ£㼤ʲôڲǸϳȥô

ϵúá½˵ʱ⺢һϲȻң˼ңٿǣһġ

½ͥѦô㱨¶⻰һӲİͷŤ˸ʮȡ
ɶ
ʱ꣬㣿

㲻ֱñڽȥôôܴôȻƽ

½Ԫ˧ȴǸϳȥôˡ
һС
޼ֱĿ档

ˣʱҲˣҲ˰ɣ˴ߴС꿣ÿʼˡ

ҲˣͲȥˡʵҲ

У֪æҲûô㡣үӵСɾ°ɣò׳ţú

ʵ۵˵ͷС
ֽӣ⹫ҪԹԵġ

½ͥҲȥˣһ۾ƼʱꡣԷһҲǳûֳģվ̬ʣʱʱ˽̸䣬ӦԵʮֵ塣

˲仭ͻ䣬Ƥļ˼۾һü·˵ҸɵĲɣ

½̲ͥסЦˡ

Աߵ½ѾֱʱСʱߣð̿ίû

Ա߸ոΧֳˣ

ί
ίǰױͷ޶˰ɣ
λ˵ǴΪ

ǱУԲ۾ĥţǰڰ칫»Ǹ棬ûӲ֣Ȼ칫Ҿ͵øˡ
ò˵ҲǺԲˡ

½ȴ˿ãֻʱһ浥еСƢȴûı͵̯ôһĵĵ϶ί

ôԼ͹ˣ¶͵ҳ˴ȥ
˵ţֲʧԵĹע·ô˻ΪҲҪװ£½˽žһ䣬ҲǸ˲·ôΪʲô

ʱ꣺ѦپúÿӦûôƯ·Խ軨׷ͷϸա

һ޹ǹѦ٣
Ҳġ

Ȼ˭½˻˳˼һ£һۣȻƺ뵽Щ·ģֱӵתͷ
񣬷·˵ûѦٻⰮá

ĹȻãҲ󷽡½˵ϲҡ

ʱҲ죬ŵ˵ͷ
ǣϰһпģֵѧϰҲֻѧôһԡ

½˱Ļŭŵģа̾ˣô⡣

̡ʱ

˿üһǰ·¶ȥˡ
Ǻ·½ŮʲôĵλǾԲ׾پܽҹȥġ

û䣬˵ͷٸ㶨һЩοɲͷһѦ٣һһѾĲʺֿɰ磬ǵðԼ볤֪ĻС

ʱ꣺

Ѧٺһ䣬治ϲɰ磬Щ·ҲҪġ
ôˣپûȨô

ôһʲôڹϿۡ

ʵԹŹ֣Ʋֻ֪ЩĻֻ֪½˶ʱĺá
·ˣ׽

˵λۼģ˷ʱ½ͥգ۾߾ȻЦˡ

ҧҧ˵ǰû½Ԫ˧˭ôЦ
̲סǰȥЦŵ˵أ½˵һƬ⣬·ôͱء

ģʱһʱ죬ˡ

ȻҲǸ۸֨ģЦһҪػ½ֱʣŵñ졣
½ֵʣѦҲǱô

ͷһۣûǸˣϾӺ棬һζӾҪһ
Ҳô

㡣½˿չλСӣͶƣܲϲ
ļҵģôôء˼ҵ飬֪ѵ죬˵ʲô

λСӵĸĸϽǰѶȥǸ

½ŷŹǣתͷʱ˵˵Ķˣԣ·

ʱ꣬ǴӵһƼϲ˵֪Էܰӻ⾫ڸʲôٷְٴȵǧٻ֭ϹҲš
ǴΪתټİæ滺˵Ҫ֮ǰƵܶ꣬Ҫãпټսء

ĺúӣôԣɵúúöЩ·

ʱǱԻ꿺¾ˣүӺүҲվ˸̨档
׼Ѷˡ

ʱ̨ϿһۣͿԼͬѧôһֻһΪʽ·
վ̨ЦеһҸżһۣǸо

߶ʱΪط̫кüʾͬš
ĿҲܿһĻ

ͬѧǵǸСʱҲͣڣ˹

лλæ֮Уμӵ磬ԼգҲͬ¼¾Ķס

ʱ꿴̨ЦɵƵˣҲЦˡ
ǰΪͶˣȻûֻС̸Ĭʲô۹߲Ƚϲס

֮󣬱ǴɶѣȺ֮УЩԵĽʳˡ

½˵ȻҲвٵĽǣˣʱҲ׼֮ǰĵط
Ǳ߲Žء

·һʶˣʱָӡ
ܿ˾ͽȥˣûͣ

ʱͷһۣ·ǵģ˭

Խҵˡ
һʮĺͻȻһ˳

ʱüԽң

ʮǰλԽԪ˧ǸԽңҲλ׷˵ǰļңӺǰյǸԽ
Ск˵ô㣬ǼΪҲհףЩǨŭΪղŶ԰ױ͵ֵȷͦˬİɣ

ʮǰ£ԭȻСôҲǵˡ
ԭĸײһţҲú֪ˡ

ʱ껹ģǶвױͷ޶˵ƵҲԭĸ׸ġ

ԽʱʹŶˡ

ԵʱԽԪ˧ԽҾͻûˣһӣŲš
űη֣ԽҲӴ˳Ӻĸ׺ԥĴźӸļޣͬʱһֵľ

ǸСк˵֮ǰ飬Ҷ˵˧

ʱ꿴СӣôһܳˣҲΪ˧

ɣġ

µĴʱ꣬ЩԤϡ
㳤ôôҸұסһġ

ʱһ½ֲͥˣסһ𻹷ǵÿ᲻ɣ

˭˵ᡣ

ʱˣСܺӿСʱ
Ǿǻ㣬ҡ

ɣ㡭

ʱЦ˰ԴԽСȥˡ
С˼ղŻһСӣ̸£һת۾ֱСԣɰ

صСǱͬѧѾ˷ˡ

óԺóԡһͬѧڱ߳Ա˵Ǻţǲһ㣬Ҳ̫ó˰ɣ

ԼҿɲֹǺأ˼ҸʼһֱиŮ޸½ңĿɽǽһ󡣡

˵Ҳء

ʱҲһ㣬߳Ա룬Ȼߺá
Ǳ߿û˳ԣֻ֪˵

ǶžƱ͹˰ͣһڶûϡ

ҶͬεģͻʶĶ࣬㲻ʶģôһҲϤˡ

һȺڱۻףһЩݻҩЩ⡣

ов˻㣬߸߸˵ߡ

Ի꿰˽һһ˻ȥֵʱ꣬ר
Ǳ½ͥҲˣ½Ԫ˧Լ½һ

ѦںͷһƼԱߵʱ꣬ʱǽžͶ¡

½ͥ˵ûʲôˣȻȥɣ

Ѧɴ⣬ܵñӻ졣
½ֵмô

Ӧûаɣ֪ʱЦŵڼҲ˵

ǡɻûԶ˵Ѧ٣
룬ʲô
ǲ鵽Ĳ
ԭǸɬʱ껹ǡ

һὸɱǧģ˭ƫѡ

ǱʱŻ˼ң½Ԫ˧ʹˣȻת٣ҪʱϢ½Ҫ˯ݾ˱¥ˡ

ʣС˵ʮǰʮǰ˯ϡ£һ㶼쵽

ѵһļ٣½ͥҲûٴ򿪹ȥȥ˺Ժ

ʱѱųԼһ·ȥʵҡ
ӣԡ

ʵ飬Ǳ߱½ͥһ𣬿źȥЩ豸úֿʼȦ
С˷ڿУҲĸϣʱʱͷ

оʱ찡

ǰڽʱôලЩСء

ȷ˻߲ˣͷһѡ
ǽһˬ

ǵȵڰȦʱС˾ϰԵͷһѣȻ󡭡
½ͥǻһͣ

ʱҲʶԡ

ⲻǰˣб𡭡
ЩͽгסˡǱóԣһ䣬˵ȥģᡣ

½ͥ
½Ԫ˧ȷ˶ͦ󡣡

ʱĵ˵ͷ

ͿһҲŹˣԺʱӦúܶ࣬ҪŪװܣ

ʱ꣺


ŽأҰװ浱òð

 46 



Ϊ, С˵Ͱ½ͥͷˣΪ岻ԾĶ£ôһСơ

͵µڶ½Ԫ˧ϴͷ, Ҳˣȴǹֵֹġ
һ磬ͽܵ, ½˵Ĺʺ

½Ԫ˧Χת, ⲻа̫, ǶзУҪҪһУҲֱ˰
˵ôŪ, ǰҲûϲͷ, ôֻô

ףʱȴЦһãǰϰ壬ͷôˡ

ͷôʵ½ͥҲ, ʱúõģ;ֻʱͷ
˭ɵ, ֱŲ, ĿԶֱۡ

͹˾Ҫ޹棬СһһҲ

Թ½Ԫ˧ͷ׻Ǳܵ½Ūֱˡ
мʱ껹½˱Թ죬ôôֱŪ, ôġ

ôЦȥѧˡ

ѦſڣԪ˧˵Ҵӽ쿪ʼѧûʱ䣬Ҳɱ˹

¶緹ʱ½ͥ˵, ʱ˵ͷ

Ϊ°׼ٸ£ˡ

ϾǰֻΪʱ½ͥľйأõҲէȻ֣ʱ츳ȻĻǿȻһ̬ˡ

׼ҵȻ£ΪɰӺĸԼ⹫ء

ֻǶڵǵȻ̣Ȼʱ츳ʵ̫ǿָϣʱȥ

˵ǻͬˡ
Щ½֣ͥһѧˡ

һȷ£׼ҵʲôʱѹ붼ġ

ᣬ̬ôԡ죬ױͷ޶ֶôˡ

ʱҳ£ɵӶ֪׼йϵʱԪ˧˵ģǲ½˵İɣ˵Ϣô

ˣȻħ塣

ѦһȻ΢Щˣû״
ϲ֪ʲô豸ŹֵúܡѯȻ鲻ֻܿ۾

ҹؼһĹƵǻ©Ѧùȥ¶ǡǱ·ˡ
֣Sģ׺ˡ

ڻ¹ЩƵҪʱ䡣
ʵǰδǰ½ͥǾʱȻѾͬ˼棬ԼûҪ󱣻ҿƺҲǲϲ˸ŵģǾû¡

ڣȴˣȫҪ

ʱ˵ͷЩϡ洦ȴһҲ֣Ͼħ
ȻԷ˵ħ壬ʵ˵ħ廹ǺǿġнޣħҲСģ˻С

Ϣ֪ͨң˽Զ֡ʱ

ˡѦٵ浽˵ʲôױͷ޶˾ȻŻסˡ

ʱ꣺ΪԪ˧Ҫһġ

ѦΣԪ˧˵ˡ

ʱЦ
飬½ͥǿʱ仹磬׼ȳҹʱ̸ġ
˭ϵأһ¸ڵľû̸ɡ

Ѧɶ֪֣ǲ˵ô
Ԫ˧˵˵Ͳˡ

ǲǡʱʲô˵ģǵλ׷˺˸δꡣ

Ѧһʲô

ҪǷԶʻҪʧһС¡
ⲻܣô飬Ϊʲô˿֪

Ϊʱ˵Ҫ߼ˣӱʧˮ

ⲻܡ
ѦǼʵˮôǿֻҪ豸ҪˮסʱСˣҲûʱҲǼʷҽ鿴ԭ򣬲ܼҳ˵ôôġ

ôҲ̫ϾҵҲʮꡣԭȷֻǸļˣãСʲôĴˡ
֪Ķȷ֤ģԼģʵŮ뺦ңʱŪˣźǸӡ

֮ǶǼ˵졣ĸ˵Ǹĸˣʣһ׵ͺ裬һӣͲôһǮãܸ˵ľˡ
浱Ȼкܶ飬ʱͲˡ

˵Ƶĸ׵֪֮Ҫ׼ҵ˶˵û£ִ˵ʲôƣʲôƣ̡
Уֻ˵ʱ궼û£αָ˶ùͷβûһᵽǸ޹ĺӡ

ֱ׳ǿƱˡ

ʱǰ˵ױ;֪һ찤۸ɲǰ˵ģĸɹ顣
׷˶ˣȴֻ֪ܺ߱졭

ҲΪ֮ԭĸ׳ĺҸо˿־塣Ǹʱ¶ģ˵ʲôҲҪױͷֿ
ΪˣǿнַķԶ׼ĵطͳҲûüŵͶ

ЩѦٵȷ

һֱΪǰ¹鱬⣬ʱĸܲίԲš

ʵеġʱ˵һ졭
ԭĸǸʱѾԼʶʲôһ˵ڲϣӵʱǺġ

ֻʱѾ飬ټϰױͶһֱ
ˣһ̫󣬶Ѿһˣʱˣ˵ĴڸȻҲ

˭֪ʮȥôһ

֮ǰ˵ˣȻˣҪϣʱֹ𣡡ʱ̾˿
û뿪ºЩ˶ӣĺһ޹ĺӡ

뷽跨ǶƵҲΪгһգԷ¡ܸôΪǸһ
Ƶ͵ԭ

ԭҲһֱŴ£Ҳǵĸ˵Ҫͬ£ҪպгһʱˣѾվõ˵׼Ҳ޷㿪ڵʱٱ¶Ƶ
ȻǵֻʲôԼ

ġѦ˵ǻͦá

ʱʱǻֲһ£ȻҲûв鵽

ͷѦٰͬ½ͥһ˵ʱϢһ飬ŷʱȷһʧˮ
ɣ˳

ȴһ߰׼ңȻЩ겻ʲô֪
Ѧһϸ飬ŷʧˮһϵһƽʱ̫۵ĹԱ

Ϊ˭£Ѿˡ
ʵڲۣԾû뵽ȥ׮¡

ǸӵȷӣĸײģײôܣǰҲΣգʧˮզһҲǺпܵġѦ˵û뵽Ȼְ顣

Уҵڵʱ򣬷ҵҲڵڣƺҪ١
ǿһȸһݡ

½ͥʱէȻᵽ飬ǻҲġ

ףҲסϸ顣Ըɴ׮ɿհڡ
ʱﻹƵ
СЩɣҿ²ġ

ʱ׼Һҡ

Ҷ׮´Щֲ
ƵôڣʣʱǸŮ˲˵ɾ˵ô

ױ͵˵ɾˣԿɾģΪˣӦʱ꣬Ӵһϡ˭֪û֡

ҲпܡԱ˵ûʲôƵ˼Żˡ

ҵҲ˵ҲãʱŮ˾ܹ˵ʱͲˣôܻ˼˵Щ
ʱ걾ǵˣ֪²Ϊ棬ǱŵˡѾ˰ǸӳˣԺֻĿ˵˭š

˫Ѹ͵ЩУʲôʱ䡭
һƣȻȫҲûгµĿܣǰɣ

±ߵͶˡ

Ʒ滺Ҫ̫ˣ̫ĳЩײеǵҲҪζôһλɫҩʦȥء

ʱİӺһνĶˡ

һѸϢ˵Լҵῴʱ½ĵʮ죬ͬ½ͥҲ׽

֪Ҳ죬ʱҩ½˵ˣֻΪֶԸʱꡣ

ֻ֪½ͥʱߵúܽ

ƾʲôأ
ΪʲôΪʲôƫƫʱꡣ

ݺݵĵʱƬĸ׽û֡

׷˵̬ʮֲã£飬Ǳô˵ġ
ȻӣĿӡ

Щʹ죬Ϊ֪ʱŲ˶ˡ

ʲôԽҪʱԽҪ̵סԽҪŬԼø㡣׷˵Ǹʱˣ

裬Ҷ֪ˡӺͻȻ쾹Ȼþ㣬ֱֱ㲻ô

ް
ӣ㲻ʱԽţ׼ԽǿϣǲԽǺô
οᵽ˵ء

Щʱ֪ͨͨ
ڽЦء

ѧУһЩͬѧֳܼ棬Щ˿ǵһμ
ܿģһϢʹˡ

Уżӳһ£ѧܹܵѧϰȤһµʵ١

˵ˣϵȥװɣҩϵʵŰɣָϵսϵܻһ𣬸ս

ѧǶʱһƬ

Ի꿲ɿʱ꣬ѻôҲ̫ˡ

˵ܲ׼ʱż٣ûż١
ȻⲻУȨûӮ

ʱָһָ¹涨⣬ǿԲμһµѵġ

ȻҪǸЩĵѧЩѾɽʵңսϵģЩѾȥ˾ʵϰܲ˼Ϊ»ɣ

ʱ˵˵Լÿ£ܲܡ

Ի꿶ʱݺݵĵɹѻ죬ѻǣ
Ҳ룬ʱ˵ҪŬÿȥǧٻ֭Һһ±ֲΣֻôҽʵңû֪ʶѧУ϶ͬġ

ġʱ˵ʱѧУġ

Ի꿵ˣ

ʱ꣺

߸˵ϿΣֵ¿˻ؼҡ
ȥͰ¶½ͥ˵ˣһȷѧУҲʵңʵʲôȱ
ңǧٻ֭ҺǶٶӶġ

Լò꣬ȫ£ʽ

Ŀʱ꣺Ϸ

ʱһת֪ұ֤ÿ콻ܶǧٻ֭Һô

½ͥ˵ͷҲû̫ݡһ첻ͣҲ̫ˣҪϢһʵ顣

еǧٻ֭ҺҩѾʱԹӦЩˡ
ˣԭõıҲǻƵҩǼ۸ߵֹơʱȻҲûҪãǰЩõֹģҲ԰һЩˡ

УǱκܺ˵׵ľͬ顣

ʱֻҪϼĿΣͿԷżˡ
죬ѧУУǻĴк

УĴ߷ûסס
ʱ̧ͷУʲô¶

У˿棬˵סԪ˧½Ԫ˧ҲǾɣߣôһˣôܵġ

ʱһȻ˸֮ڻãҶûûЦΪʲôܲҡ

У˵һ㶣Ѱ˼⻰էһƺͦе½ͥ⻰ô˵ģǡ

ʱѾңҿɰ˭ܲϲɰʱء
˭ֻ᲻ϲɰСأ

˵꣬㻶ܿˡ

ʣµУһһѵĳСӡ
½Ԫ˧Ͳܹܵô

뵽Լϣ½˶ʱ̬ȡУ־ҵԭ򣬱ϾĻء
½Ԫ˧ӵģΣҲֻ˰ɣ

 47 



ֹ˼, ʱ㻶ķżˡ

½Ԫ˧½ˣڲμԻ꿵Ķĵڶˡһ룬û, ϶ȥ
Ϊˣ½ûüʱ·

Դˣʱǵûа, ʮָ, ϣ¶ɴˡ

ûˣʱǽһˡ

쿪ʼ, ˱ҩȥԺܲȥͷЩȥϷա

ǿϷеԽԽ, ÿ춼רս
ʱҪϷûλս, ϶ǵһ

ƽʱǲ࣬ȴǲͬ

ֹУУڷżǰҲϷŪ, ȫһ¡
УνġȤζʵսѧ

㣬һУѧ, һЩûʱľУѧҲߡ

ԡ
ʱ˴, ˵öˣⲻ۾ҵ˴ܡ

ˣ˼ҶѧУָ֯Ӵڵġ
һ

ʱŶӼŲˣȥ˸ˡɺ, Ϊӵ磬ǵ־ںбǰ档
Ҳģ˴͵ѡ

ǰ, ɺҲͨкϰˣҲû롣

ȴ֪Ǳߵġ
εһѵʱ겻֪黹кܶࡣ

ϾҪӳһµѧϰڵ֮УʲôָϵսϵͬѧȻҲû֪֮ôʵоǱ߲ġ

ʱ˿̣ɺոս˷Ľ̹ٲŽ
ǽ̹һɨλͬѧҪһѧȴһˮƽ
㣬㡭
һָĹʱˡ

һڳѧǾըˡ

ⲻλôѧУģ԰ǰôû

ôûôô

ҳٵıȽ̹ٻˡȵȣ˭֪˭ôСӲصͦ

̹ǽһ󣬡ҽ͸ȺˣǶģ˭ģվ

ɺһŻ׳С
ȵ̹٣ҵѣӦǷ룬ԲСĴ˽

̹٣˭ķ䣬Ϊʲô롣

˵ҿģΪ˴ҷû룬׼ġ

˭֪ôʱʹ˽ء

ʱ֪ģڳղԡ
ɺ˱עѹûע⵽ǸĻ˱һһһˮȫʲô֣ûҲû߸֮һ֡

⡭ϿΣ
˵˲εôʱ롣

С˵ǾĽ̹٣ġ

̹٣ֹʲôأôҶš

һ˶˵ı졣ɣλ̹ٽɣײһˡ

һֱӣӲ֪ʲô˺Ͳ˼͵̹٣λʮϲǿд꣬ں˵ʵܲͦʱģҪһӣܿӢˡ

ʱ͸ˣ粻ǻûʼλ̹٣Ҫһ

ʵ̫ϤˣӴͷӣһͲǸԺӡ
Ҫȷ˵ȷˣҲûǰ̹һ˲仹Ϊǰ¶ѧ

ѧҲûһ仰˾С

ȻǰѧֻǲһУģ㲻ĸѧУġ
ϾϷͨĺ١

У̹ٵ

ѧǶʱһƬۣǰɣô

ڣû˲ʶʱף֪
м佻ֵ˲٣ûֵҲսԴӽްܼʵ֮ǣ϶Ҫǿġ

̹ȻǼѪģ浶ǹɹġ

ӦûǴ򲻹ɣСԱߵͬѧۡ

϶ġиͬѧʱʱʱүķ˿ȻмζԼӮͲôһ϶򲻹̹ٵġ

Űǣ

˵Щ̹˶ѻ𣬸ǸǷ˲Ÿý̡һѻ˸æˡ

ֵܣ˰

ˣ

ǰЩֱ飬ȻҲʱܲǶ֣ȴòԡ
Ǹ˵üβӮģûϡϾ򲻹ôӮʱ꣬ǶԷûȫŸָо

ʱѹ˵ʲôѾʹǰ׼ˡ

ǽ̹ٵ㲻̨ף

ʱǫ̃׻̨͵ͻףԲߣȻϷ棬ܷӳʵҲߣһЩӲû취ֲģװصԼ

ڻϷǴƵġ

Ȼʱ걾˲Щ̨ͺãɿˣֱܸ
̨ˣʮţ˵ʵǲᱻһ̨סġ

⻰ģ̹ٶЦˡ

䲻֪Сӣѵѵ֪ߵغҲá

ʱ˷ܼˣ߳ãһ㿪ʼֱӳȥ
λ̹õҲͬ͵ͻףԺҪʱǿҲ˶꣬ʮϤ

˷ӦҲܿ죬˫ܿһ

ʱѲ̹·Ѿˣǵͷ϶һѧʵſʼ̣˭ΪʲôĻرô뵱˭ү

ɸϽǰͣⲻѧУѧ룬룡

ѧҲһһģܿѵʱĳͲԭػԭˡ
Ѳһϣģ濴һۡ
һͶסˡ

ʱʱүķ˿ģˢӡ

ϷΨһĺôǣͬΪһȼ綼SҲзֱģSǿSмľֵҲ١
ϷȫƾױȲȶԷ죬֪㾫ǲǱȶԷǿ

ڣʱٶԱȽ̹ٿ죡

ľܸ̹ܽ˵

ɵǿDĶ֣ҲǸDӡʶôʱ䣬Ҿûȫ֣ĵ

̹ܽһȤô

Ϸʶġ˵

ûʹ

˵ܴ˵ɣ˺ܴײȻ

ұ˵׻ˣϸڴûÿ
ƽʱӲ˽£ʲôʲô߲˶ᣬֻ˵Գʱ䣬ͦʵеƤԵģʲô

̹ܽٵûǴĻָϵĸ߲һ

ҡɵ

̹ܽ٣˵ȷͦ˵˭Ӯ

ٰ̹ɣɵϾĽ̹ٶǺ֣ʵսḻʱЩֲģѧȻоǵģҲսʤ˵⣬ͻȻһ١
ʱʱүķ˿ǻᱻôֲȻʤĶô

̹ܽĿⲢûдӳƿ̾Ϣǽ̹ٽûˡ

ɾ

Ӧǿ̹ܽٵҽڣֱǿһЩȷ˵ǿǿǰ̫٣ټϻ׻ǽ̹٣ѾʼҪѹŴˡ
ĺӣǻһ̣˰

ɣ
СҲðɣ

˼ݣô̹ܽ˵ϣѧһһѧһʮԷչһ١
ô˵ɶᣬƾֱͱܣѾȺܶ˻ˡ

˲ţʮټѵð

һǾûôߣҲᱻѡƸ¼ȡġ̹֣ܽûһУ

˵ǰɻȷϣڱѾȫȷˡ

ϾѧУôһеѧʵˣֻھʵϰЩѧ

ǾͲѧУġ̹ܽٵǱ߱ﻹϣʱˡ

ôǱսͻ䡣ʱѾӦ󷢻ӳ
ʹ죬ãܺã

Ľ̹ǣ
ļһ

̹֮ܽ٣ɫЩã˵֪˭˸ңʵڿɶ񣡡

㵱˼ҲǾģ̹ܽЦˣûܹרҵѵôãûо

Уǲţһͨôô

ȥҸһ̹ܽٵ

ʱգգۣ˵¶

Ȼ
ʹ죬и¶֮Ͱѻȱĵҩ룬׼ʼ

ǱԭĽ̹һ׼Χۡ
ɺ˵˭õ˸̹ܽٵõͬ𰸡

ǱʱѾʼһ

ֺǿܸˡ

棬Ȼ϶ſðˡ
̼ɣ

ľͳ˹ȥλ̹һ飬񡭡ȷǾġ
ټѡ֣ս꣬Ҳز١

ʱоͦģʱ־á˵еж

󣺡ʲôеǸж

ҪǸжж򲻹ʲôһͬѧ̲ס
Ȼ˶˸ж

󣺡
컹ô

ֻǸ̹˵⻹пǸѧ
ĸѧУģ

ĸѧУģû֪

ʱһͬѧ˵쿪ʼҶҪıûģûѧУһ𡭡ҪѧУɶܣҪѹЩѧУеġ

ǡ󣺡һֱ˼ĸѧУĸʲô˼ˣ

һΡ
Ϊʲô֪˭ûôλ̹ܽϧ֮ġ
˵˼Ǵ˷츳ˣǿ϶ͺʣҪȥ

㣡뷨п̹ܽҼǵS+ľɣѾǿˣʱ꾹Ȼ졭쿴ǲۻˡ

ûۻǰλ̹Ѿˡ

ȫ۹̹ܽپǿҲҲλʱʱүķ˿Ȼ̹ܽٵľҪߣܻ۷壬ϰƺܸǿ

Ƕ˳е̹ܽȻҲܡ

һ߾˵ǿǿǿֵزһ𾪵۹ôǿĺӡ

˿ȷʱһ󣬲ǷϤڵ۹ÿһǿˡ
ֻҪһ򣬱֪ǲǡ

УҲûˣֻǻûϴѧѧ

һͦãգʱ껹Ӯˡ

˶ˣʲôˮƽ
Ǹǰ˵üβӮʱͬѧ˶ɵˡ

̹ܽͦʹ죬ӦûѧɣĸѧУġ

һУУҲ˷˹ǰѧģͷһһУǸС

ʱ꣺

ʱУУҲ֪ĵõϢ˹ôҪȥһУǶУҲǺܲģʦܷ񡭡

̹ܽ٣Ǵʲô֣ĺòá

ȵȵȣ˺Ҫѧģ㻹ٵ꣬żУУ˵
һУУ⻰ȵȵȡ

ʱ꣺
ʱ꣬ĵˡ

ǲǲôô¶

 48 



֮ʱҲ, ˵Ϸ˿Ŷ࣬ٷ٣»Ǹǰһ
Ͼ˼˶֯ѵ, ʲô¶

ȥԺɣո峹׺϶Ϊһء

ʱȫˡ

½ֱͥʲô, ֶ豸, ԼǼڵĸֻ벻, ûûеġ
ʱúˣҪǶˣ緹Ҫ˳ԡ

ֲ˶˵ʲôҲ˳Է, ⲻԻʱߵͱֹ

극, ȥѵˡ

ȫ֪һУУУУڵУ
֪Ҳв̸֪⾿˭, ͣϼ꼶, պʲô

, ǾſϧˣȽӴš֪ĸϽ˵š

þ죬Ҳء

ѦҲڸ½ͥ㱨ͦһӣʱڳ̹ܽǵ, ˵S+++㲻ܵ˫S, ΪԷһֱƺûʹȫ
Ԫ˧ǲǵץ

鵽˭ô½ͥУŲ̄ϷգţȥԿ

Ѧǡ

ˣûIPַǱܼ𣬵

½ͥһ١

Ǽʱܼĵط˵಻࣬˵ҲԲ١
ʹңԪ˧ļңԱļҡһЩܼоأ»ءССҲв١

Ϸղ³ôȥԼңЩطˡ

Ѧٵ˵ͷֵˣúӺ󣬴ҶǰʶһƺͦҺҵСʣǵҲˡ
СӻɶҲ֪С˵Էʱķ˿ʹʱʲô˵ʱǮ

½ͥ

Ѧ˵ǮģλһҲûС

ʲôûãʱ궼ûߡ
ʱڳԹߵģһ߾ͷһϢö˼һעǸִС

ʲôʲôѧУУļҾŵʲôʲôˡȻвֵģдĶǣ˵̹ܽ٣ֵܡ

ڣʱ껹пУ
Ҳ͵˾ܾ

Ȼܼӡ

ҪУ֪˭֪ʱ仹Ϸô
ˣʱҲû׼ӡ

Ҳ˸Ϣͷ

ʱ㿪һ㣬Ķȥˣô찡ǶΧϢء
ö˶㣬½ͥ½Ԫ˧˵רŽ˺ţҪһء

ʱ꣺ɶ
ϰ壿

ϰǼʵһ˰ʱ룬ܸϰһȵȣǿϰ尡
ʱŬʮ꣬һǸйصġ

ʱúܣϰǰãϰ˸ͷԷ£
Сϰ嵱Ͱˡ

ΪˣǸЩûɣֱ˼̡

Ȼ½ͥôСˣ¶Ӱ̫ˡʱҲľ͸Ͻˡ
ŲҪϰ϶Ը⣬ҪӮԺٱףǲô

û¡
ҲǸʲôͷס

ܸɣ¶

ʱˣֵܣֵ˰
ֵţʹ˹ȥ㡣

ʱ꣺
˵꣬һˡ

ֳԽǿ϶治ˡһã죬Ҳûˡ
֪ϾͲ嶯ˡ

һͬѧѵÿܴģһֱûסҲпԸģ԰ɣ

ʱԼԼҺɣҿܵÿ죬ҪϰٲСӮˣԺǸˡ

ʱ꣬Ȼ
ʱҿ佱󣬱㲻̫ĳϷգȥԺܲȥˡ

Ϸ治ˣȥ׹񫡣

½ܻͥףϴһܣһذҲԡ
ܽһ£ϷеӦ֡

⵹ǲ⣬Ϸŵ̫ʶߣȻȫSף׶ʱ˵ȼе͡

ʲô£Ӧһ¾ͺá

ϷУʱòôʶ
ʱ껶ţ˿֪Ǳϰڵȵߣ

ˡ
˵ûסҹ棬ǰĴûһ

涼ûס죬һ˲ְΧˣˣ˵ʲô

ʲôû˵һ֡

ǲˡ

ˣ

ҵһϡ˲ţһ棬Ҳ뿴½ͥǸʲô档
Ȼû˾ʱܴù½ֻֻͥҪһ֣֪ľǲǴﵽ˫S



ɢ˰ɣ֪˭˵϶ǲˡ

½ͥǽӵϢϷնûü͵õѾߵϢ

ˣȷһš˵˵أǰ˵Ϣô

½ͥһ˵һߣ²࣬ѾꡣΪ˵Ǹʱʱүķ˿°ˡ

ѦٸѾϰ࣬߱˵
鵽е࣬˵ǻȥ˵˶٣һ䣺Щʱйء

½ͥһ£ǰߣǾͻȥ˵

ǻʱʱѾһֻףܻȡ˿С⣬ҪԾͿˡ

á½ͥ˵Ϣˡ

ʱһ١

ѵõģһ˶˱ˮȻǻ˵ġ
˵˵ɣʱɳһ

Ѧ˵ʱҵǸʱص㣬Ǽҵһ󣬱뿪ǡ

ʱ˵ͷħ廹šߣһ۽


СѦ˵ſʱ꣬ǰ飬鵽γʱߣ㽻̸
̸֮ÿζЦʮˡ

ǰ̫󣬵û˹עڼһ˵飬ɺϡ
˵˷£ص϶

ֱʱ˾ȻǺȥҵʱ꣬ǰѾӴˡ
ҲڵǼҵļһὣǲǻֻһɺϵ·ˡ

ǵѾȥ˼һѰ
˵ţѦٵͨѶˣԷ֪˵˾ʲôѦٵıʮֹŹ֡

˻ҶͨѶ˵ԭǵʱص㣬ǴӼһʵġ
ոռһѰʣֵʣôϴʱҲʣʲôô

ѦٵĿ⣬ʱһȻȻأͻȻһεģ

Ѧ٣

Ѧ֪˵Ƕ֣ǹϼ˵飬һȽ֣ÿεǳʱƵǻЩģ
ԭΪǼҵļǶʱ˵⣬Ͼϴʲô豸ֱμؾˣŪЩģʲôá

ڿͬЩϵġ

ǵȻ
ʱ룬ħڶʱȻħйһȻǿģҲĲ΢ЩܵӰ졣

ѦٰǼμҪ˹
ص㿴ԷӴԭǼΡ

Ѧһ֣Լ黹Ҫٿһ飿ѵӽǹ»ܲͬɡ

ȴ֪ʵʱûһεļ䡣

ߵļԭԭǵõ飬ȻҲǵá

ǰƼħ壬ʱ֪ԭ϶ͬйءһֱ֪Էô쵽ģֱ񡭡

˼ز֪ûֵģѾ֣ĵģħͽӴԭ߻ء

Ҵδζħ

ôõʱ䣬㹻ԭʮ߰˻ˡ

һֱû֣ʱ뱬¶ݣҲԭȻһЩ
ȷͦȻģʱ룬ûҳ

Ҳǣһ̧־ͰʶװѲŲDɵɴħ壬ôĹôãΪôһ£ܰòô

ҵټһһ档ʱ˵
ȥȷһ顣

½ͥš

ʱһЦΪʲô

½ͥҡҡͷܾʱҲ˵ȻĻ̸ϣӦֱӾ˵ˡ
Ѧ٣׼ھȥ

ʱСɵ϶ˣһȥҼһὡ

һúܲãĵط˲ɵֲãﲻ̹Ĳá
Ͼ˭֪ԼǰͻȻôϢԼ㾳أ¶̹ˡ

Ͳãһֱڱʸͣ

ʱȥʱѾ췳ըˡ

ľ״̬ܲáߵľԱ˵ʻټˣS񺣲̫̫ܴ̼

ͣɣʱ˵Ҫʲô˵ˣȻû˵ɶ֪

һὸ¶һϵʲǼ顣
ڻɶ֪ء

ʱ꣬ʱǰӺǲǣɹģΪŹҾϣ

Ϊհ׵ء
ӺӺҡ

ʱ״̬治ԣһ֣ų塣

һԼһήӰ컹ͦġֻģ˲٣ʱʱꡣ
һαһ˼Ʋס

ٿֻһƣȴòˡ
μûԭ£Ҳû˵ЩһĶĻĪ˳˲١

ʱ꿴ͻȻʣôS

һͻȻ;Լһˣȥһ¡ڸղЩʵ⣬ʱûشˡ
һὴ֮ʣʲôô

ʱ˵ͷû⣬֮ǰô

һҡҡͷδ

ʱҲǣ֮ǰӴħֶΣҲпܻ֪ԭһǶμʧȻȻʱ궼ûʲôԾ
ôҲǾãһήAҪԭǿˣеһ

ʱһʱûڣһά룬ͻȻƺһΣҾǰԣû
üܼˣʱŵˡ

֪ͨ棬ȥ⣡

Ѧȥˡ

˷׷׿½ͥλ½Ԫ˧ûɣôȥˡ
֪ѦٶϰˡʱҪ£ļհ졣

⾫豸ң仹ǻ½ͥҪҡܿ죬˰˹ʱһ̧ͷһὣȥɣ

һʲôҡͷ

ʱȷĲ²ǶԵġ
˼һԼӦҲоģֻһֱŰˡ

ʱҲֻǾȡ

һһһʣҪɣ

ʱ˵ͷԣҪֹǶԣңһЩˣһЩ¶Ҫ

ǡ

ԡʱΪҪ̸˵æȷˣ㽫ǰҥҵҲ׷Ρ

Ҳ˼һ૵վЦ˺ܾã˵ˣȻӦ°ҺòͻһһΣ
һֱҪʱ곷Էȴͬ⳷İӣԷôӦˡ

ǰһὲٵִ˱ۣԼ˽ȥ

ɫӣû뵽ʱ꣬һ쾹ľ£ĶԻ

Է߸ϣƿټˣţܳȥڵ
ȴ·Ǹɵӣѹ⾿ڸʲô㲻

ֻ֪ӦǺҪȻʱԸ񣬱زò

һ̣ͷʱȴƺƼʱе

ʲôأһУȴⲽô
һֱƲʱ꣬Ȼ֪ñƲϵľȻһֱ

һώʱ˵Ǳ˿ʼ⡣
Ҳܿ죬B
B+ֻͨͨB

ȻʵȴǣBܻ֮١
ʱ룬ħ㿪ľݵSȻЩħֲԼħֻܿȴԺôһǺ

ֲüһSȴôˣ򲻹¾򲻹һǿĸоûС
ǿǼٵġ

ҪʱһֱƲУһľӦģ;Ծˡ

ȴˣSô

ǰҲAϴβˣҲڡ

½ֱͥĿʱ꣬ʱĿǸп
˹ȥʣôˣ

ʱҡҡͷ˵ͻȻüһҲͦģ˵Ĳ˵ĶֻãĽʲôоҲò־ʵҲֻǻù

 49 



һὴ, һBʱ˶ɵ

µô¶Ѿˡ

ħԭӴ, ֪ԭʲôʾħһЩֶΡ㲻þǷ־ͻ֣֮Ӵ߻, ɵÿ϶ܸ, ܾϸʲô̶ȶ⡣
һ, ǸһһһȴֹųЩϢ, ԭ֡

һһ׵, õõǲ

ֲùħƹߣıϼ, леĸ߲ġ

һģɲͰѼһ, Ӻ˼ȫȥô
Ȼƹߡ

Ǳʱ˵˳ڼһήĿظ, һǱӦþܳˣֻðЩ

ѦûסôŹˣ

ʱ˵Ȼأ

ѦһĿҪǸ˵һΪƭġ

ʱ꣺Ѧٰ, ܲܶҵƷһΡҿǸˣ˵㻰ġ

Ѧ룬ǻΪƽʱ, ˾ûô׷ŹС
һҰܵļһὣʱ귽ľпܻήһҲûС

еϣȷҲѾǺܲˡʱΪŻŹɣ
ϾҪѦѡԸ꣬ҲԸû˾

½ͥŪˣ

ʱ˵ͷ

߰ɣʱҲˣǶ˼ҾԱҲæ

Ǳ߼һԶԶĿͬ½ͥվһʱ꣬ôҫţĿ⡣
̲סǲںҲˡ

ʱͷһۣϴδкҩڡ

󣬼һὴʹޣȻʱѾ½ͥˡ

鷢˾ǷˣƾԲˮա

ҲӲϲ֪δ¸ıԼˣͬʱҲӸı˵ˡ
Ͼʧһֱ׷ĹʣȻԶĹʡ

Ͼ߾վһòʱء
Ϊˣ˽

ƫԭ½ͥΪʲôأ

Ϊħ壿

ʱ벻ףǼôħ壬ǲнô

˷ʱ껹˼⡣
̧ͷ½ͥҪˣʲôرغôϾըһƬң֡

ȥעĴֻЩСҲǾȹȥнΪħ޵ıƻˣǸһֱ档

Ȼ½ͥѦȻ뷨׷һ

½ͥεҵȻҲʲôҲûʲô񻰰ʱôӰ졣

ʱʲô뷨ѦҲҲ̫ˣըԪ˧ûˣ黹ͦصġ

ʱжء

½Ҿ߻鷳ûкʵܽ֡½Ԫ˧ܻţȻҲǼ깦򡣻ʵһЩ꽥½ʱٳ£пܻᷢһЩĶңĳҲǲܡ

ʱҡҡͷ

¼ĳֲʲô¶
ءʡ

ѦڵоǳǱ˰ɣĹɣŮӦýʱûԪ˧˫SӦûôɡ

壿
ʱüͷһͻȻʼԡ

ҲԭûѹûС

ͨ˼пܻᱻӰʧأصľҲ⣬бɵӵġֻƬƵУϲгκӰ񡣡
½ͥƺ֪ʲô͵ǧһֱ

ֻڱֱܹӳ岻Ӱ죬սҲûгͨˡ

ʱһôǵãħоôһ֧ġ

½ͥϰ壬ĹӦгɣ

½ͥĹﵱȻУѹԵ㿪ҵڳӰ񣬷Ÿʱ꿴
ʱһȥüһʲô壬ǲȫħô

һȺû޳ɶСħֻάֳӵ״

ܺãڲýͺΪħ壬ô֪ˡ
ڿʼħ͸гˡ

ֲôĻ뺦ءʱ˵һ壬һǿɲ͸ˡ

½ͥ
Ѧ˶ͷһײ˷Ķ

ʲôⲻܣǷˡ

ǸˡʱЦһǳ壬ʵǿЩܻΰˡץһЩĳ壬ֹϵЩħǿӰͷġ

½ͥһ٣ʱ˵ĵȷʵ

ʱڲΪħĴڲ֪ô˵һʵˣȫ˵ˣȻԼԼ⡣

ӴôΣҶû˿䡣ֱʹһὣЩƵų

Ѧ٣Щһ󲿷ӦöĲ²⡣

ʱǿʵ

½ͥĹעڣ;Ծȴһֱţֱȥһὣȥ顣

ѦһλСʵڿ¡Ҫǻ϶һӶ̲ˣøࡣ
ע˵ˣ͵ǵǿ˼һήľȻǺ֢ʱڣ

ʱ˵ͷ

Ԫ˧Ѧٿ½ͥ

ߵ˵ͷ˰żһסԺ۲졣

Ѧʱ꣬˵ɺô߲Ű˷ųǱ߾ҪȥסԺ۲졣
ûɣȻסԺ۲ɿ϶Ҫھǿˡ

ʱ̲ˣ治ҵ£֪Ǻô
Ǹˡ

ǸˡѦٵҲгرǼһһСһ֪ô϶˵ֺǰóΪһˣ⻹Ǻƽ֡

ʱ겻ϰ壬㻻Բһһٵĸٰɣ

Ѧ٣

½ͥʧЦڵҺѦȥɻʣʱٶ
ľҲӰ˰ɣ

;ʱϵظк㣬һDˡ
ѧʱѧڵ쵥ﶼУûǾֻ⡭

ʱ˳ԶԶԣ뺦ң˭֪Ūɳ׾ɼһƽүøˡ

½ͥûк֢

ûСʱ˵ԼѧҩģǲһЩϣ㻹ǺȷŵġҲ뱻оɱҲȥסԺ۲졣

½ͥ

ʱȥԼȡ˸ܣá
ǰʱմȷ飬˿Ϸİⶼˡ

ŪЩħĿ֮ʱɲ٣ʱٿ½ͥи̾

ϰ壬һҪţΪԸħɣ

˰ȻһҪԼáõһز춼¡

½ͥȴΪ˵ҽԺ۲飬ɽͣһԼҲͬģǿץȥ

ʱŶŶϾܱ粵˵˵Ĳ¶˵ء
ֻˡ

Էɣ

ȥһȦֵ˸óҹʱ䡣
ʱһѵĿԵ̣ȴ½ͥġ

½Ԫ˧½Ԫ˧Ѿϰˡ

Ա㣬ʱȥϢˡ

ڶվȥףò˵Sڵĺá
ʱڲ£ֻڿѵڴ󣬹Ҳľ

½ͥ˵ĹͬŬ£ǰѾѦٴ˲һ

ʱʱүķ˿Ϸɵ飬Ѿˡ

˶ۣ۹ʲôʱôһ

Ҿÿж㿴ʱ꣬һ򵼣Ϸôõм߳˿Ҳһףǿþס

˵½Ԫ˧ˣûɣȻһ뿴ġ

˵㣬ȽĴж֪жءԷʱͬѧ̲ס۵ֻҪһ򣬾֪˾ֻSڳưԣѾ˫S

SڳưҲѾ˺ðɡ

ѧĻ𾪺ͺ棬ǾͲһˡ
еҪҵˡ

׼Ҳһ

˲ţԲ䵽ʵСԱպδزܳڶ½ͥ

½ͥҪᣬƵúõĻþҪ½СӾá׼Ҵ˵Żһ٣ԼܵܣͰǶӵķ˿ôȥ˵˵ż󣬲ܽϴҲҪöԷǵ

ױɫѿȻͲܡ
ôǱڻѶԸ

Ĵȥúˣ䡭

ȴԱǰͣʱͷץö࣬ﵱ׮£û֤磬ǸԼˣܰţ
׶ӣСʲôȥ˵Щûúýͣȥġ

ˣӵĻ˵ʲô

ױֻҧӦˡ

һգʱ񫣬˵ˡ

ʱһ»һֵ½Ԫ˧޶˶ǣ½ͥϰ϶ڣʱ½ңλ˲ôʱ䡣
ųԱŸô

Էôʱʡ

һܴͨһﶼԻ꿵ϴϷգȥӵˡ
˶ͨԪ˧ˣɼҲʲôͨˡ

ûʶǰ׼ҵİױ͡

ʱһЦˡ
Ŷԭԭı׵

Ŀ֪ȻԪ˧ߵ˴ϵ¶׼ҵˡ

šʱ˵˻ס

ӦȻ

ɸױ˸Ǻ

뵽еĿģû˵ʲô
Ŵ̫ţǱʱʱֱˡͷл˴ɡﻹű

Сģžͦģͷеʪ㲻ûȥʱϴ˸

ױЩûסֱιȥ
ȻҪġ

ʱ궼ˣӦÿԽȥ˰ɣȴ߹ӻ֣ͤ
ʱԸһ˰һһȿҼңҲȥʲôֱ˵ɣ

 50 



ʱɧһ, Ŷڵ˵ױˡ

⣬ʲôӡ
ױӶ, һڵôûֱСӣߴҲӦòߵġ

ָʱ꣬߶µ, 㡭

ʱü, ôˣҿɻûǵЩɥĲĶԻƵ, ָЩɣ

ױһӲıú˰װ˺ϵɷǺÿ

ðģſѹסʱ׵Ľ, һȴûסʲô, ˶ýš

˵ⲻҼҡ

Ҳǡױס˼ǲ㣬ʲôԼס̹
û, ױ͵ؼҰС꣬үүҲ, ξȥġǱ֤, ȥ֮õġ

ʲôܳԹܺȻǮɼԪʱ

ױôʲôأĲŻְֶ㡭

ԸǮʱʡ

ױ͵һ㶡

ʱЦ, һȥɿŰӺڼҵү⻹һȥȷʵ, Ҫô׬ǮˣҲϽ׬ǮΪ

Ϊ£ô˵ôױҲ֪˵ʲô㻹СЩְֻȥͷְָúýЩ

ʱһûǾôЦеĿһƵĺűˮ
ʱʱĻλαӣıʮ࣬£͸Źɱ

ױ˵ȥˣ㣬ǡ

ôϴԡʱ˵ϾѣҲҲȡ

ױͣ㻹ǵô

ʱЦˡ
ҪǱˮ㻹ͦЩһˮŲš
˭ְأ÷ˣһаëǮϵô

ң֪˭ô˼ҵĶŶӺã㵹ãϸʲôڸʲôͨѶǵùɹΪĲ˶ˣʲôýָͷ¾֪
Ҳ²Ŀģ»֮ǰɣ˵ͨã˵ͨĻͱŶ첻ȥֻ㡭ţȷõĵͷټˡ

ױ֪Ѳȴû뵽ô
׼Ǳ趼Щʲô˼룬һӵ˽ȫӵܡôᵱģǿԽ͵ġҲùûа취

ȴѹľ˵СԼԵĲţȻ׼һ²ô
·һһ׵ġ

ֻϧ
ʱ̧Уͤ˹
ʱʲôҪԸô

ͷһ£ҿźСôʱ꿪ʡ

ҡͷôᣬʱһԶʮ򵼡òɫ̵ȻҲһһġҪ֪ĸһͣƳٷְٴȵǧٻ֭Һء
½ҾˣҲǣѾΪ飬Щ½һ滺Ĺǻ˸õ滺

ָõ滺λʱĺĳɷݣôܲмһء

˭أȻʱ˺ܸˡ
Ȼ۹⣬ˣⲻТӣϾɵС

Ͼʲô˶ĵġ

һ˫أ˵ԼļǶ˵ױûģó

ʱЦֵܣܲ

ЦúȲ˱ˣɴŵһԸšԼҲվϹЦĿűǼҵڳһƬİױ͡
Ժˣֲɵӡ˵ڣҲʮ겻֪꣬ʲôΪ˭˵㻵Ӱ˵ģҲǱ˭֪ٵĸ˹¾ƭġ

˻֣֪Ļ²̫Ծ߿صͤڡ

ʱʱż
ô˵һ˲㣬˵׼໤ɱ˷Ǽٵģ

ˣ֪֮ʵһֱܺ棬㵽ô˵Щġ
ƾƤҪô

ʱЦһߡǱͤõźţѴָ¹ˡ

ԹԵ°ӸںæɡһֱȵصڣɡҲŻԭλ

Ȼȥʱıˮȥϴˡ

ֻȥˡ

һһϼֱĬȫȻܰױѾʲôˡ

ױŭĻԼķصﻹǷ
׷һģ֪²˳۵׵ЦһȴûֳԵˮȿˮɣȡ

ױͽӹˮǸжǸСӡ
ӵɹ̫ԼȴǴɡǱˮױԽԽһȸһˮǾÿʡ

׷ֻȥ

һߵݸһߵ泤ĺСûܹҪ˵ʱǸԸһǡ

ҲűԹ˵ʱĻױͻǵ㡣׷һֱãױ͵üͷ
һôҶҡ

׷ʱŵʵ뵽ǣ˼ؿˣΪλ

Ұ֡ױ͵Ҹ䣬͵棬ȥ

׷̾ϢҰǱߵ뷨вͬʵʱ굽ĺӣηηţʱ͡

͸ôɣױҶôʱ򶼻ʵҲӡ
˭ҶӲǸ˳ģãҶˣвңҪҶӣôɣ֮

ױͺ˰죬ŵֲ涯ְɣ

ᡣ׷΢Цǲӵǰô

ױ͵˵ͷݲǸ˿ΪСң׻ָҰأҪðȻ

ô
׷룬һˣѵֵ׼Ϊ˺ҷô

ǰûҪȴǱǸʱȥˡ
ֻҪɾЩǶδ֪˭ɵġ

ǿϧǸʱŶ

ʱȷʵˣڼΨһȱžϷ˰ɣһߵϷ±Уץһߵĸˣࡣ

ûЩ˸С

׼֣ˣǼ뷨ӡ
һֱڵʱߡ

Ҳиķӡ

Ѧٸæ˰צ㣬Ϊ٣ֹҪ飬Ҫ顣
һû˯컹ճϰࡣ

Ԫ˧ܱô
ôܾôء

ôδ˵гܱ˵ġ
ֵȷֵý

½ͥʱӴһĲοԡ㲻ǳ壬ѵͲˣ

ȻҪ顣
Ѧٺ֪ķ֣ĿǰԷǲǳûκ塣

ΣҪԪ˧ġͨһֶǿжݵ˼һήľҲġ
ݹ۲죬ʱ˵һûѦٴ½ӵϢ˵һήľڻ½ٶȷڼӿ졭Ŀǰʱ̫̣һЩϸݻû

ȫȷˣҲ̫ˡ

һAľУôֽţԪ˧ֶΣϡ

ưɣ½ͥ߾ѲԽСĽÿ龡ҪһSڱ

Ѧ٣Ԫ˧Ǿãߵһ̶ȣûа취

ȷĿǰ֪ӰA¡νӴʱ궼ڼû˵ʱѲߵ˲Ҫߵ

ѦһһסͻȻ˵ҪҪȥʱ

½ͥһۡ

Ѧ૵ⲻɶ֪ܾһ˵ӶֽʱһСĸˣ֪˲ٳ⻰ȫܵġ

Сʱ٣һͱˡ

½ͥ˵꣬Ͻ

Ѧȴ˯ţȥŲǱȥˡ
֪һĿɿڴϢ

Ƕ˵ʱ˷ɴȴû·ɴļ¼
ңѦ٣ǲ˵ʱеĳ˿ͣȥʱڵȥʱҲڣһһ٣Ŀǰϵ״һϵˣû״ʣµû״죬;뿪ɴˡ

Σպܴ󣬸˵ɴ
̫У׼ûףȻˣ;л׳ֵĻôû˷֡

ʱĳһ˵ƺʵʵڵ֤ʵˣ˵ľġ

ѦĲвеġ

嶼ܱˣ˯ʲô˯ʱ˯ô

⣬˽˿Ϸ棬Ǹʱķ˿֪ͨҡ

Լȥæˡ

Ƿһߣߣ
˲ɸпѦƴ

ܸԪ˧ߣΪء

ؼôæˣױȥʱС¡
֪Ⱥհ׵һĶݡ

Ѧʵհ׵Ԫ˧ϴ˶೤ʱ䡣Ҳ֪ûʲôСֶΣʱȻᣬûЩϡŹֵļ豸
Ұױ͵׶ôЩ꣬᲻˵ЩĵĻ׼ҵڴ˵

أ˵ûע⣬Ӧɹͦܵģ˲ٺ

Ѧһ£ţ

ʱûȥ˵ſڣɡȻɹŴ̫İױ˵Ļ

Ѧ٣
Ѧ̾ţ

ڹȻԶڣˣͲõĶԷڰױ۸
۸˾Ͳˡ

ôţʱڸʲôأʵҡ

ʵڷǧٻ֭Һ
ͬһһƬ꣬Сһ³һŻ𣬳һɿǱһѵǧٻ˽ȥʼơ

ҪҩģҲóɵͺãֱҪ̫ʡû

ʱûп壬ȥһҩ

ڳģɫ߲ʷ
˼壬ǳһͷԱɫ仯൱ſᡣ

ʱЧЩһֻжʮĸСʱ

ʱҲԼһš
ȻƼԼͷ˱ɫĿ
һԴͱ֮ǰ½ͥȴȾ߲ɫ

Ūúʱ껹Ƭϡ
Ūõҩıͷɫһٸ˿͡
PSûͷҲҪ裬һͷܳһס

 51 



ʱѾжʱûϵɪ, ֪ϷҲˣȶ˲١Ϣһǡ

ʲôͷ, Ϊʲôôɫ

ˣʱô·ڲ, ͷҲҪⷽ淢չô

Ȼ㳤ĺܺÿ, ͷŪҲ󣬵۱Ⱦ⽥ɫô

ֻҹעͷҩô, ǰǼʾеĨ˾ܳͷ࣬Ǻ˾˲䳤һף

Ҫͷþˣϧ, ˵ǲлӵһͷ㷢ˡ

, ûУΪҵġ

һ׻᲻̫ˣõ, Ҫ£

¥ǲɵͷ䳤׵, , һôȱǼͷǮô

ҲȱǮȱһͷ㷢ҳңҪͷ

ȻҲб
ʲô, ֻҾÿ½Ԫ˧ʵңúð£ȴЩϡŹֵĶ̫ô

ʲôϡŹ, ӵһͷôϡŹˡ

½Ԫ˧û˵ʲôɣ¿϶Ǹˣܲ˼ҶʮСʱͣĸŪǧٻ֭Һɣ

ȴѹһЩͬⱾ¾͸öǧٻ֭Һ˾񺣳ء

ʱЦһƬ˼ǧٻô죿Ҫ͵

Ҿ֪ʱԶʱ磬ܻ٣᲻

˵Ҳǣ㵱ǧٻײأ޶޶١

飬ÿ٣ŸԪ˧ǩͬʱ򣬿϶дİɣ

ְҵ˵һ䣬ǧٻȷǲ࣬ҪȻҲô󡣵Ǽˣ½Ԫ˧ġ
ᣡÿһ꣬ĶڵѪʵ̫ˣ

ǣЩӺû֪°ܡ

бǧٻ͹ȥҪһޣͻﵱǿߡ

𼤶𼤶Ǹø˲ǡʱ귢ǲѸĸ˵Щȫ˳ƣЩ˶ˣҲ㡣ô˸ֶһֳ鵽Ļᡣ

Կԣʱ꣡

˵һ齱㡣

ǲʱһƬܶ˶ͷɫûʲôȤϾȾճ죬Ⱦֲ¶ʱ仹á
ǾԻ˲һ㷢ҩȤ

ԼеòţҲ谡ð㰡ŮʲôġʵڶûУñʲôаɣ
елţ鵽׬ת־һʵԸ

ʱ껶ĳ˽ȻݶԷĺַ̨Ѷ˳ȥ

Ǽʿݺܿ죬ͬǵģڵյҩҿٵˡ
õĶһ㷢ǸһλѾɹͷˡ

Žͷǰǽͷôǽпݲݣ
ѳͷ˳͸ݵЧĹƵġ

һ˻ɣļٵģЧɣ

ܣͷôܳǿҵͷ

˵ܵǲͷβôЩëӦԭͷɣԣ

ԶԶԣ˵ŸԼͷβôҿǰҷʿԣⲻȲ֪һǲܿ

ͬһͷϳôҲ̫ˡ

ⳤҩֱҲ̫˰ɣǿҽҲʼ

Ƕȥʱǲȥ˵

ͬʱյҩҲɹͷиƯƵСĵƬʮֺÿһҲӵһͷ㷢

һ׸ߵڱŵľȴУͷԭָôоԼתѹͷôѾ˰˻ͷƤˡ

涼Цˡ
ҾҪ֪Ůţţţ㾹ȻԼˡ

¥ϼһҾˡ

֣ȥʱǲˣҩҲҪʲôʱó

õҩ˿ģͬ°æģһܺáһʵҲ̫ˣҾȥٳԣȻֱһ޷͡

ĽΪʲôû鵽ء

߼չҩ߼չҩ߼չϵң۸⡣

ʱ꣬һģһͷ߰ɫͷȥˡ

⣬½ͥû׼ʱ

Щ˰񺣸պЩ˵ʱģˡ
ʱһ䣬ҹϰ壬עŵ

½ͥ

Ѧʱɣ

½ͥһۡ

ԡѦ˵Ϊûб˵Ϣ㿴¶ֱ顣

½ͥһ٣뵽Ϣݡתƻ͵ɣҲؼϢظһȥˡ

²аɣѦ𷽲ʱ귢½ͥϢ̽ʣʱǱ߾û齻ң

½ͥԣţ

Ѧٵʱʺڽֳһ׮£һһ˲ͷһ׵ҩһһ˶ϽҩҪء

ҩҪϱŵģҪȥԣЩʱ궼ȥæ

½ͥ룬˹ȥ

ͬʱһҲڹעʱǲ

Ӻҧгݵ룬첻ǸʲôЦҩǳͷҩģȻҲܵõô˵Ƴ磿

׷˽üͷ
ųģҲ֪ôͱһҲûѧĺʹĸɵƵġ

˵ôˡ

ӺǸʱָ꣬˸ʲôҩһҪϸŸǮ

׷üŶãʱƳҩˣ
㿪һȻһͿ϶ŮӻӭÿһԵĺö

ǰǿҩҩһȻǸܻӭҲ׬Ǯ

ȷʵЩ͡׷üֳӺʱֻѵȥúҩҪ㣬ô
˵ţʱǲ

һˢ

¶ѦæúܣȻûҹȦڵøλ˪ҪסˣǸҾãʱŪ

аɣĺϣϽŪҩʵ̫ϲҲ̫Ҫˡ

¸½飬ҽ֮ǰ㶨ôҲٷҪһͷĳ飬ⲻݰɣ

ʱûָˡ

ȻҲвĵģ
ѦûûаҪԼȥ죿

׷˿۾һʱҲ˲ϰӺѧѧϰˣȥϵȥˡ
֮࣬һҪʱԼŰ顭ˣЩ˲

ġǱ˵εϢǺܶҪģǿȻǣֻҪںԼƶУġ

һߣѦȻҲʱǲʱʮָж
ʱǸˡ

Ǻˡ½ͥһһߵǻڲһû泷ߵʱˣ

ѦεⲻһֲǣҶûǵʱ

½ͥ˷ӻ֣ʾԼҲϽؼҡ

һ·ʻԪ˧˴ţƼ˿Թʱꡣ
һͷŲͷۡ
½ͥں֪ʶλͷɫˡ

ϰһеҩؾʱ꿴һָͷģƻϲͷĹȥ

½ͥһ׼Ūأ𣺡ͷ

ڵġʱ̬ͱغɫˡ֪㲻ϲѾ¸ˡ̧̧°ָϵҩ˻¸Ͳҽͷɫ

½̲ͥס˳顣
룬Ҿ˵һͻô

ҸЩ·أ
㴩һô

˵úúõģҲڵʱ򻻻ϲģھϰҪڵãȫˡ

Ȼȴȫ᲻ĸ˼ˡ¸Ծ¶ˡ
վָֻ֣Ǹɵģ

׼˷ˣϽԣ˯ɡ⾫״̬ĵôġ

תΪô򵥣ʱָŻϲˣһ߰ѱٻϰ塣
ԼȥĹˡ

һ󳵵ĹӣѾתһ󲿷ֽЩͷһ¥ǱߵĹ棬ʳרù

һྐྵһִ˹ԣѾвͬѧϵ
ʱɴڰ༶Ⱥ˵ŮһһܳҩеûС
ڻûȻͷ˰׼

ʱ꣡
ʱ磬Ǵ
ʱôҩҲоóǰȴû뵽Ѿǰʵ롣
ʱͷҸС㼺ϴǸɫ̫һԸ񣬻ͷҸ߲ʵġ
һᴮӣСĵ׹Ұˡ

ŮǶʮֿģ˭ϲһͷô˳ĳͷء

Ⱥ˷һͻȻ𣺡ʱ磬Ϻö˶˵ѦٺæȫԼȥΪʲôһҪñ˰æڽ౻ˣ֪ô

ʱüͷһֹȻͬѧ˵ĻǱȽϺġ
ΪҵԴҲС

ҾпǱ˴˰ɣϾô𣬺ڷҲǺܶġҲ̫ϲҩˣʵõ֣ԼЩ

ʱǶڹעͦģظһ䣬¶Ѿ֪ˣûµġ
Ȼȴһ̫Ц

ԣڽš

аɣ
Ȼôţͳһ£

 52 



ʱľû֪, Ѧ˯һ֮󣬿ϵüʱ겢ûлظЩϢ, ûʱ򣬶ʱġ
ʱǳ˰

ĵĹʼϴ׼ȥϰࡣ

Ȼ, һ߰׷˿ɾͲ̫ˡ
ϵܲټӼ, 鳴øһЩذʱƳ

Ȼȴ˵˰׷, ˵̫ԡѾ˿ˣٹݵͻᱻ˲鵽ͷˡ

׷ҧгݵ, ƽʱǶͦյô, ôطˡ

ʱ겢ûˣֻ鵽˯ȤЩŸոתѶԡ
ڴһ, ̫ʱôӴս, ů, ʮ

ǣֳɹڴ˰Сʱ

ȵǵ˯ҲʧɾˣϴȻֳԶȥʵҡ
ٴγŵʱ, ѱջϣִʵ˼ҩۣ˼ûСǡ

Ǹױʱ, æɡӵĻˡ

Сʱģ˼ԭи֣ܳʲô˹ʼС308Żˡ
̫ˣʱм֣ĳСǡ

С˷ʱ꿪̨÷һ·ߣֱλѾȥ´˶಻࣬ܶɡ

ȥʱ嶯

ǰ쿴ûΪȺ˵նġǸʲôһȺ˽ĺһȺֲ´ġҲʲôݣʱоĲãʲôҪû顭˵ҪëĶȻҪһ׵ģǲܿˣͼٽëôͺã쿴ϵ񡣡

ǰЩµĸʲô

Ҫʵû¸ϷþûϷ㶼ϰˡѦæ˵£ٹһȥæֲûǮǲǡ

ϱЩ뷨˲٣Ҳһֱڰæ˵м̫Ծʱ궼ˣ´θ㸣ר

׷ǱϿˣһϲʱ걻Ȱȥ˿ʼࡣ

¥ϵĶˣ˶Ѿˣٻȥɡ

ǣͲǲϽϳҩ

оҲо͵ԼżˣſշſӣܸõķС

ʱ˼ֿȥ˷Щ˵ǲûʲô⡣
ҲǲʲôʵơжԲߣЩˮ˾а취

Ȼɱ˲٣Ūʱȴ˿ˡ

Щ˵ûͦһЩ˵˼ˮڣǾ͸ˡ

ʱ˹ԣ˸Ƿ˷

ϴθѦһΣʱ겻ϵ·̶˸һ
Ҳֻǹȱҩʲôù⣬ȼõ֤ܳȥˡ

ʱЩʱϻڳ

ǲʱ㶨ǰڹԱ˵ҿԻؼҵˡ׼ȥԶĵԺʨͷ˵Ǽҵʨͷ൱óԡ

˵ֱ·ǱǼҵɣȥԹȷóԣ

Ҳϲ̫ˣҾȥ

˵ҲȥǼҵ꣬᲻ż

滹вƼǼҵʳʱȥ˱ͳԸʨͷһӵĲˡ

Ե꣬˷ѡ

Ե̣ȴ֪Ǳ߸մӻϢѦ˶Ҫˡ

ԪԪ˧ʱˡһֵ˾֪

ʱöԷһ˲١
ƨ
Щ˵زأǷ׼ۡ

Ѧʱ½ͥ㱨飬ȥǱû춯

½ͥ˵ͷЩ֣
֪ƣΪʲôԳȥ

Ѧ֪𰸣Ѿȥϵˡ½ͥͨʱͨѶĶ

ʱѾԱ㣬׼ȥһȻ뿪ҵˡ

ʵ״˵ȱ𶯣ȥ㡣

ءʱЦˣҴСǳġ
˴ʱְĸ½ͥ⸱ȴֻһ뷨
Ǿǣ

˹ʼС308Żˣսˡ½ָͥʲô飬á

ʱվϴּڣŵڰգϰ壬ͷǵʱۻ˵Ƴʲôôûء

½ͥ
½Ԫ˧ҧгݣǻϽϡ

˵һûüȥ֡ʱ걻ķӦЦˣˣҰɣͷҸȥ

Ͼ˹ƶҪȲˡ

Щ˿ܾӣɣ
ϧʶһţôŵҶһ

ȻһͨѶǱûźšǴʲôźҲ˳
ʱͨѶȻˡ
ȥֱӰŪһ˵αֳ

û˵꣬ǱʱѾһͷ̧һһҩ۹ȥӦʱ䶼ûУ˲뵹¡

ǿɺҩôһ󶼿ס˵ˡʱ˸Ƿ߹ȥ˼Ҹղõǣоһ£͸ˡ
źŲһǱ½ͥͨѸˡ

ȴԭչͨѶ½Ԫ˧ò̫ԡΪʱͨѶʱûʲôȴƺܹעҲ෽Ǳʲô
һشźžûˣⲻǳ¡
һߴһߣϵѦ٣ɵ˹ȥûѾ

ʱͨѶͨˡ

ʱڷԸСǣ¼ô¼˰Ұҵķȥ

СʮǼûˣȴǲСһֻһȫ
ʱſ½ͥƣ˭˵ۼСûõģ㿴Ҵ϶á

½ͥ

ǱѦٵѾſˡ

ϴּ䡣½ͥѦ˵ֿ꣬ʱ꣺ˣӦˡ

ʱҲûһҪҲһʱûл˵

½ͥףʱҲ˵ӦѦٻ߻ᰲţԭ
ģġ

˹ʼС308Ż˾ôվʱôģָ
СǣŶĸҪǶһ£ʹõ

һȺճԼ˾Ԫ˧ε˹ʼС308ŻǼûˣûеܡ

еġʱ˵Ҹװˡ
Сǣʾһ

˹ʼС308Żˣõġ

ĻϵϱһиѣҲֻôһ˲ת˻ŵġ
ɼʱҩôı̬

½ͥ
ˣ

Ϊ׵Ǹϴγ˵ģ˵Ĳ״¡ȴһգֿۣܺߡ

䵱Ǵϴּڲһƺĳǵŵı־

αװǵץңҷҲСı˰ɣʱ˵СǵղĵģǴ˵˾尲ţѹûҷǾɾɱɣ

Щ˵룬ԣɰǶɵĸɱˡ
һôֵʱ䡣

˾ǲǵĴﶼ˰˾׼ȥˡ

¡ʱ˵߽ǰ˵ĸ䣬°Ǹǵŵı־ˣ滹ǩ˸Լ֡

˽Բԣûʡ

һ˵󲻴󣬵Ҫ˵С˼Һúõķ⶯û˷ô

һݣǱҲû˾ǰɶһɵı㽫˴ˡ

½ͥҪӹˣʱ˵۲ۣû˰ɣ

Ҳû⣬Ͼλֻǽ˿ȸ˿һҲ˿ȸ
ĻǾûܵġ

λ˶룬Ҫѹܣ³ڸҵҲ˵

һ·ȥҪΪֻǴߣʲôΣգûǰɢ˿͡
Դʱ˶һĻʱͻ˱һȺΧţˡ

ʱ껹ڳŸ磬ף
Сǣǽһ·𻨴硭

ʱ򣬻˻ķµ磬˵һ¡

ʱ꣺

˷׷׿⡭

СĴؼˡʱɿһһ˵״̬û£ˣղҲһ£粻ġ

ˣ

߰ɣ
ʱ˵ţһȺ˷׷׳ţ˷

ͬʱĲڵķڶķΧм䣬滹һ˾汣ڡ

ûҪʱЦȺ˿ңӦÿ

ûͨѶ½ͥ

½Ԫ˧üģ֪ˣ

Ҳûк磬ɣʱ˵ǲ¶ʲôз۵ڷҲкڷ۵ĺڷͻȻôһȺģװҲǰ
ټϲ˵ʱпܻôһǵԸǱҳôֱò£뵽ô¡

ʱ򿪹ˢ

ǸղǷСʱѾ˴档

ǳʱģҲɶ˽ûҪǩɶģڸԶԶһۣǲôÿ˭룬ϰΪɶѦٸˣڳţְͼƬͼƬͼƬ

ʲôʱû°ɣ

ϲǺųΰãʮһôô¶

˾ǻôƷˣţһΧš

˵û˹¿ǰû뵽ôá

Ǽû˰ɣӦֻ˸Ƥûŵô˭ҵļû⹦ܵġ



һգۣˢ˲֪¥ʱŷ֣ĵ˵ֳÿˣӦö˰ɣ

½ͥһкͳȥðյһӵĻΪԪ˧˵һֹûΪ˽ж顣
ǰһһ֤˰ȫΪҪֱǹɻӿϺ䡣

ƫƫŵ⸱ɢӣӲַ
ӲָӦÿĲ֪ûܶ಻ÿ˶ˡ

裬ѾͨѶѰˡ
ʵۣܶˡ

ʱߵȻҲãȻڻϿʱ䣬еġ
飬һ֪ˣһľͶ֪ܿ

ԻͷϢû£ͬѧҲͬˡ

ϸֳһƬв²Ϊʲôʱ궯ֵģйЩǵüʱˣҳһš

ʱ򵥻ظһЩϢһֱˢϢ

ͦġЦһ׼ѹԹˣ˶ŵ㣬֡
ʱһϢ

ֵƺǵͼƬͼƬͼƬڲϢʱϴּͼ꣬ĳõǵš

ʱ궯һ٣ͼƬǵͼ꣬Цˡ
ڳˡ

 53 



ֵô, ׷˺ȻҲˡ

׷˶ʱһӵĶСҲʵ̫ˣ

үҲüȻû뵽ʧܡ
, ˭֪Ǹʱ꾹Ȼ˸װĻˡʱţΪǸ֪صġ
ˣϽ˷ųȥ, ˵ǿ˺Хǵŵ, 鲻ܳϡ

֮ǰ׼õģǼ޻ǵ, һڲ⻭ǵͼꡣ

һǱİ¸ˡ

һȻǵעȫתƵǵϡ

ԭǵ, ֲܸɳء

ǵ˵ͨ, ǳʱҩʦȥġǼȱǮ豸ܶǵű豸ҩʦأǧٻ˵Ҳ, һץ滺Լûóȥ, ֱһ

ͷǵԽԽ, Ȼʱȥһˡ

ϸΰĲĲ˵ʲôôǵߵˣûô

̫ˣϾȻҲǵ

һǵĹٷϢ

һǵĹٷϢ

ЩϢ, ΪûгɹȻвʣ׷ȴҲûе¡
ʧһΣԺеǻᡣ

С, ǣϡ

Ȼϲĵڶ죬ͱǼʾץˡ

֮⣬ץĻвˣоͰǸɢϢˡ
׵үӶߵ顣

һ׼ң˲ҳһš
үԴ񣬡ƾʲôץң˵ҹ͵ˣЦ˭֪ǵɵġ

ǵѵ˱Ź֣Աµڻ֪һɣ

үͻȻһǸƵʱꡣ
Ȼһ룬Ԥоͳ档

˴򿪹ԣųһƬһƵ
棬ʱٵǵŵͼǩԼ֡

һж¼뿪ϴּ֮ǰ
ԣ

ԣһҾʹˡԱײǴģӦվǻ֮ĵģҲûȥȷϹϾֳ֤˭ֱӰ֤أ㻳ɣҲŲ鲻ǡ

Ȼʱң˵ôһԱ˽ŷһ

УͻȻʱӰЦŵð

֪Ӧڼɳﱧһ޵ıһԵĻСһһµιкõˮ

ܸμ棬ȻȷǼĻʱ˵һЦʵҲͦȥģͣϰ忴̫ϣˡ

˵ŻӶԣΧƣô˿ء

Χŵ˴඼ȥ˵һȺʱҪרҵʹӲ϶óһ
̲ס͵͵Ȼ

ǿɶ֪ˣ챻ץɲʲô񣬶г־ģʵҲҲ˼Դ
˭ϵء

ԱҲϵõȴˡ
ġ

ǱǱƵôʱ˵ⲻҪҪҲ̫ƲˡץһҩʦȻֶ

Աܿ׵⣬Ǳʱţȴʵ˼ҲڵǶ֡

õıǷųǵŵϢǸʺűϣתʼ鵽ͷϡ
Ҫǣû뵽ôЩµĹҲ١

ʱЦˡ

ϢصĲŶаպΪףЩ˲ŻܾãֻҪǿһһЩ飬Ҳǲ鲻ġ

ο׼ˣҲȷǼҵĹԱ
ʱôϢô֪˳ϣһҲرۣϧ

Ա۾Ķʱ꣬ϧôһƵĶ֡

ôҡʱһϣЦŵҺܴ飬֪˲ǡ

Աڳ˶Ƥһ¡
ͷ룬ֵȷ˵ļòֻܱ죬ˡ

ˣҪ㣬󡣡ʱ˵ȻѾˣҸȥŮʲô⣬⡭ˣһǳƺΪ׷˰ɣ
ˣ֪ͨһץ

Աڵ۹ȨĻ켣ˣӦθǳģ
꣬ǵǼ顣

ʱ˵ͷ

Աʲôˣǿǵ۹Ȩļ֮һƾôһ飬ֱӽ
ҪôŮץߣȥ飬в𣬲νԡ

ԴһʼͲôţ·Լ˲С
ֱڡ

ʱͨѶת׼׷ˣ;ױʹͨѸ
ˡ

ͨѶһͨױͱһ䣺ѵͱģ

ԡʱԥĳˣȻأΪֻвô

ױʲȻأ
۾죬û뵽˷չ

㼴Ҫ飬Ϊʲôǰû

ʱЦһǰʮδأʱδˡ

ԭһֱ浱ǸָʱȻǸĽף׮޹أûκϵĹϵ
µײʲôҪ磬ı˭Ĳƺ˭Щõ飬һΪ¡

ˡ

ᣬ׼һӼȺˣԼϻǰQ
ʱֲʲôʥĸȻ÷һ¡

ڷϣѦٺֱ㱨½ͥģʲô£һ׮ӡ

ЩϢ½ͥѾòˡҵǸӵĸףҲѾҵƾڽܴǡ

ӡʱǰ͸ҵӡǿûҵĻ£ⲻɻ

ױߵˣ㵽Ҷӣġ

꣡ʱûסıˮ˳ȥ̶ĿҺ֣Ҷˣôܰ׵ף

ױͣ

ʱǰϵͨѶִ˹ʱ
Ǳ˵ʱԱҪټһ档

ʱҲԭߣֱӿ˹ȥҾҵĴɽúܺã㾹Ȼ⣿

ȻܼеҪԱҲǰױϲŭɫĴ
ʱ˿̣Ѿָ侲

ֻһ⣬ѵû鱬ϳȥùĵȷҵŮҲòȥ
кܶ˾ǸĴǲҲܺߣֻΪҪ㣬Ҳץˡǻ˵ñȵʱ㱻˰ʱ㡭

е˶ʱ֪꣬Ŀܷ顣

ȻһѹӣٴչʾһǱ̬ྐྵһѹƤ˳
ĬĿŶԱһ˵ѵûʵĺ˼ûҥȷΪץңǸҲ

һ㶡
Աƺ뵽ʲôɫһεıˡ

ʱ꿴˵أ˼ûˣұ˵仹ί

»ףҸ㣬Ůа׼Ⱥ˲ͬΪԼ˺ܶ飬ɷȴͬ
ˣȽʵҥҲɣʵܶʱνˡ

ҲֻᱻӰˣֻΪԵ顣˿Ӱ첻ˣҲһ

Ȼ飬ҵȻϣʱصϵ˻һЩϾŮҡ˵ףҲֻһԵɺϣȽϺãӶ̻һܺߡ

˵꣬Ծλûʲô̸ˣͨѶ
ֿͬҲһֱŵİױͣ˶ӣأʲôϽ˵æء

ױղѣֱӹͨѶ

ʱ걻ùЦ

ӹ˵ݹıܣһЩˣ˵ҿȥĺɵôôô򵥵Ҷ벻

˶Ƕλ档
ȷھ֮ǰѾ֪֮ɵĺ
κεĺڸԭ

࣬ñû
»˱Թɣ꣬ǻΪǸ޹ָ

鵽ʵûʱʲôˡ½ֻܴͥ漰ʮǰ飬ܻҪȥһ֤

æ½ͥ˾ͽ˹
黹ҪʵϾҪԸĲʲôͨˡѦȻҲæýŲմأΪʱٳ۶ӣָЩ

ʱ˿̣ʱкˣȣ

ˣ

ʱָǻĻȥȡһѵĳԵġ

ʵѹҪǹңûʲô¶Ҳŵġʱ

˼ΪĿŶԱͰױ͵̬ȣ˭ҲǸɲ۵ġ

ʱ꣺

εʱСǺ˵翪ʼ²װ

һ˿ͻȻʣʱǡ

Ŷװ˵ܣˣòˡʱ˵ѾĲ˻ֱۣǶɴ䣬ֱ˻ɣѧҩѧĻѧġ

ΪʲôҪأͦõġ

ֲҵġʱ˵оһ£̫ᣬЩˡǰڲʱܵһˣһͷҪǲСٴʲôؼʣ絽Լô졣

еϸƷþá
ȴַӦʲʲô

ſʼо͸ֱ֣ؼɹˣ

˵װԪ˧Ԫ˧ôȫ֪顣˼Լɵġ

ʱܿ콫ԼĸĶָ˻Ķװ
ͷ˰æҸġ

ˣŶ

һӹˣãĴڵô

ˢˢĿָԭĻˣֿ˿ʱꡭ
оһ¾ͻˣ

ߵȻأװ豸ԣʲôѵġ

ü򵥵ˣ

ѵŵô
ܹվģûһӹˡлмSСѧԡ
񡭡

ǾͻȻԼͨƽúܡ

ҪǶԷֻڼϺб£ƿ϶УҺôǸǴ˿̶Ҫʼˡ








 54 



˶, ҪүӲ̫ܣЩ꣬ǲٿ, ֵһҪʼ°ǵƤ

ԴһʼͲ̫ܡ

ܿ쿪ʼ֪, ϡ

ô, Աô, Ϊʲôȥץʱꡣ

ǲǸˣô¡

˵֤磬ȻһԱ, ˭ûԩ

˲, ûǱϲģУһǼʱҳɾ
Ժܿ˷磺

Ǹͷ಻̫, žṈ̀ģǸˡ

ҾһҲ, ϸ, һʼʱǸӺôԤıϵСûһõġ

ױָʱ˸ͨѶһſھǣ㲻ǲô, Ǿ͸ҵš

Ȼƺ±ͨѶ

ʱЦˡ
ϵѦ٣԰ˡ

Ϣǻô˵ô˵
, Ҫȷš

ʾĸױʹ˻ȥԷһô֪ˡ

ֻһ䣬ǲܾ˵ĻһͷƵģ˵ͿԲһ¡ʱҼȻ˵˲ǲ£㣬Ѿųȥˡ

˵꣬ȹͨѶǻɫ

ױͣ
ױ˹ԡ

ӺľҲܲãô飬ĽҲˣȴûʲôȥ棬ֻôˣ֡

ױŭ죬ǸСӴĲǺù
ֳŰӺôôӦñǿģΪʲôܸô鷳ȴֻô졣
ôô죬㵹Ǹô찡

ˣ
Ȼ߻ûʼŵϢѾԷǰһ˳

ʱ˿̣ѾһƬˡ

ʮǰһӣ

㣬źӶ֡ҲֲԱʱˣϾû԰

ױͱǶɣô˵ʱǰͷǸĺӣЩȻĸ״ߡ

ֲãʱֹ϶Ϊĸ׼棬Խ̵ġ

ϴβǰǹô¹أû뵽ͷİ¹ⶼˮƽĺ˼Ҷӣӵ˼ѻҥ˱

ǸҲ̫ˣʮų¼׼ҺЩҶ뿳ˣƲסı갡

ʱ껹Ǹգװ

¥˰ɣ׵Ҫô

Ǻǣʮ֪ףʲôȥˡ˼ҪɱˣųˡǸΪˣȴûһʾ

С˶û֪Ǳ˺ģң⣬ȥңȥˡ



Ի꿵ͨѶܿˣϵϢҶˣû°ɣ

ʲô¡ʱ˵ţһ߻ϵѦ٣ˣһҲԽŷˡ
ֿԻ꿣ôˣ

Ի꿣

ˣſһԼڳġ
ԻЩ۵˵
컹˵ѧֲôϷҩûʲôϢ⵹ãֱ˸ġ

һδƽһ֡

Ի꿱ʱĳЩ˵Ӱ죬һ֪ˣǹ䣬ŹͨѶ

ʱ߸Ѧֽ˼䣬Ҳˡ

ֻҪһЩЩСϸڣרҵʿȽϺá
˸Ƿˢһϵݡ

СǣȥҵˮҪǸζġ

ĵоζǽеƣбˮ
ȴû˵ʲôȻһչǾѾˣʱ꽲ԶҲ˵ġ

Ǵ£С¡

ʱһҪǱˢ˰ɣ
ЩʵҲ֪ô಻໰ĶĻ˵Ȿ£ȥĲôһܺʲô

ѵΪһŸճҸĸҲûʲôߣ

һߣѦҲ˵飬׼Һҵڴ࣬ڿϱͱǿȻռȻǡʱһΣҪЩίˡ
˵Լǲ⣬ֺǵ˼ҡ

˭Ⱔ
½ͥǰͨѶʱ¼ڰɣʮǰ·һΣŵϡ

Ѧǰǰһ԰

ʱǷνȥʱ˷׷׸˵ûССͣŰģȴǸܿ²µġ

һηŵϣʱӵӡ֡

Ѧȥˡ

ʱܿ췢֣ԱǶα˳
۴ǣ

˵öԣҷžһֱ˵ʱʲôϵҲҲһܺߣصѵǸ÷ô

ػ˹Ľ࣬ղкü˵ļֱԲУҶԼڸһͷԻ

ǸӵĸףֱΪˣ

˵ףʱʲôأʮ꣬һַӡ˵ô飬Ѽ˶ˡʣ׵ҲеҪôһҪɱ㻹Ҫɱ˵ĵҪҪ

ǰôϲʱ꣬Ͼ̫ˣҸȽ͵͵½ͥ½Ԫ˧ġε黹Ҫͦû

ÿᣬȻʱԶʱ磬˵ģֻΪԵ飬ǿ䶼Ҫ

ʱߵļѾȽϤˣЩ̲סҲ㣬Ҫң϶ǻỳġ

ʱ״̬ǿ󰡣

ȻǾͿ״̬ǿʱЩȫһļУ飺
ҡ

ˣ

ôˣʱ˵˵˵ǣһҪЦɣ
ͷٸ齱ų⡭
Լʲô취öԷܲء

ʱĺ𽥱䳤ҵǶȥ㣬Ϊûдı䡣
˻и飬ǣڷۡ

Ҳ֪ô𵥴˺ͺڷ۵ģ֮ű࣬˸ͳơ

ò˵Ƶų֮󣬺ܶ˵ȷӦ׷ʱҧʲôֲɱġ
ɱ˷ͺӵ׻ǻվء

а׼ңңҾȻɱ˷
˼һǸ߹١

Ա֮󣬺ܿԱҲȥ顣
½ͥһûżңߵѦٶæĲӰֱ죬˲Ż

һʱ겻۵˵˿һĶȥˡ

æʱʵ

½ͥڰɣұϾоֵģô
ǵӡҲܺãһʼŻкֱܶĹʱꡣȻҪĻǾӡ

۹ľӶ˽Ƶģʵ۵ɡ½ֵͥµˣ˵˽ҲΪ
ǱߣȻҲͬ

⼸½ͥæҪæҵľӣ춯

ʱ̲סп۹Ȥ˭ҶбȨͻʵûС
ûȨҲͰ˰ɣϿҲûȹǼԱ
ʵʵǸɣʱûס

½ͥ󵨵Ļ˵һʱ֪ôӦ

ҺԱҲûˡ

ʵ⻰Ҳû˵ʵ۵үүλȻʵʵʱšЩŵ򵼸ˣһƳ򵼵ڸĽ£λȻʷ˲Ȩȥ
ʱ궮ˡ

ԹŷȨȨѣ˵ʵۻӦɹٲ׵顣߲˸ɵģھɵģѻȨþʧ
ʱλԱٳ棬ѻʵ·ЩƨͨĹõٵĺøС

ӵ˲٣ӶӵĻټʱЦһҿӣⲻֹ˶ӣһڳӰ

ҲԱȥ黹һ˼Ǳ¡
ҲΪʮǰ׮£Ͼô˵׷ҲŮ˵ͬ׼ҵŦҪİɣ

Ҳûôף֤ɽ˵ʲôܾеԣ᲻λԱı

ɴ˿ɼЩ۵ʲôӵġ

Ѿúܶˡ½ͥ˵Щ½Ҵʤ̣ᱻ˵ʧȻӮˣҲм¶˶ˡ
Щ꣬۷¹ΪĶƿۣǲ۱Ϊ

ܶ˲֪飬ױӰ졣һߵ˶˵ɫǰ׵ģỳǲԼǰһֱ֪⣬οͲ̫飬ױΪ

ʱȻĵ˵ͷͷǴһҪ֣ⷽһĵ

ͿģȻԴ˷⡣½ͥ
෴½ңԼԽңȨ棬һһֱǱȽϱġ

½ͥЩҲʱ꣬һԶԷĴϻҪµҲǳ£ȻɶҲ֪۶ӡ

ε飬½ͥﻹŻء
κֱ̫࣬ڲпոʱ굱˵ϻȴһſֱµ档

̸òˣҪڣԷ֪Ѿȵܱǿôֲܣźĵġ

ܣ½Ԫ˧üͷһϸߣǰһкͳȥ˭

ʱɳϣ߲ʵͷѾʱ˻ֹɣ˵Ļȴżˣ֪˶Ļ죬һŲɣʱֻԷ

˵ô㲻һк
½ͥʮε룬ƽʱʹģѦٸ¾ͷԸ
˴²֪㶪ĶС⣬¶˸ϲûԼ

ͬдţӦӷԸϡ

ҪǮôʱʡ

½ͥҵԼĵˣȴԷ˵۰ɿ۰ɣһǮ۵ģ

½ͥ

סˣͬҲԼСӡ
һŵòеʱ꣬ƺֻһЩ¡
ѵҪ躰㡭

ʲôһСƵ·ʱըë½ͥҸôߣ֪ôʯһ˭Ҳù

½Ԫ˧ƽвŶ׼ôʯ٣
׼ǰװˣ

ͼʱѽ輸һȣֱ״ҪҶ˼ұ֤Ϳ޳ҵĲΪ
㱧ңңҹҷ䣬ҵ˯£˵Ҳÿ

û뵽ôʯٷ½ͥѾɵˡ

ſڸսʲô죬ңңҹ䣬ÿѦҲɵˡ

ʱһ˭˭дһķǰƵĻͷʲôģȥ

Ѧ٣
Ѧٶ߶µ˵ԪԪ˧½˵ͨѶͨȽϵģԴˡ

⻰һڳɫһ䡣
ʱһģ˲ʧ˶


 55 



ʱ˶ɵ, ô뵽Щв½ͥĻþͱ½˸ء
ԺҪҪˡ

˵, ҸղŶǿЦġ
ıſڣǿڲԣⶼᣬ, ղʲôû, û

úӣ㲻ڡ½˵ӰͶڰ, ϸİοת½ͥһ籩꣬С, ʲôʱ̹ռ˼ұ˲, ʲô̬ȣ־ǽ㵱еô

Ա½Ԫ˧һأͱһڴ, ϽˣûС

ûʲôû, ̵ѵҽ̵Ĳɡ
½Ĵ, 涼صУ½ҾԲܳӣͻȥСʱ, һһ

ʱʾûСҸղžǺ˵˵ġ

˵Щʲô˱׻ҹ䣬Ƕǲܵġ
ô˵ôܷϡ
ʱըëǿ, Ҫ˭ôɣ϶类ҴˣԲܻúվš

۷һɨ½ͥϰ㿴ڻúõģûûУ֤Щ鶼Ǽٵġ

½ͥ

Ѧһ߹׹Ϊǡֱ¶һĲֱӡ
Ԫ˧ϿûõɣʱϽ˵ˣԽ˵Խˡ

Ȼ˵꣬½Ѿըˣ˵ˣвǲǣ㲻ͷ˰˸򡭡

ʱ꣺
˵ˣ

ץȴƳ¼һ˹½ͥ½Ԫ˧ԭһ¼ܵŵı飬ȴı޵Ц⡣
ǿצżæŵĽʱ⹷ȻЦˡ

½ͥʱϰҲˣֱһָҹЦʲôЦ͡
Ͳǽͬھ

½ͥüôͬھ

Ѧ𾪵̧ͷŵĿ˹ȥôԪ˧Ŀ棬ô˿٩ڴ

ʱȻҲЩԣûж룬ֻһָ㣬Ҫȥץ㣬Ūúѿ

ѦѾˣλ˹ȴȫûʶⳡжôԾ

Ȼ½ͨƵһĻͷ½Ԫ˧㿴֮ϵһ㣬⡭

½ͥڶˣɳ߹ҲµĹ򣬡裬ᣬͷ͡
ȻͨѶ

ʱüˣ˵鲻ϣԽԽᡣ

½ͥⶼ˭ġ

ʱ꣺
ʱǿʶҪвң˵Щô
ͷֿѦ٣㣬֮ǰΪɶš

Ѧľ룬ֹĸʲô¶ء
Ǵֲң鷿칫ҶǣŶš˵ǰҲûùŰ

ˡ½ͥ͹ĳ˵߳ŭŵʱҲˣû׼ȥظͨѶ
ȻĻǱ߿϶СʱҪ

ֳ½˿϶ǲĵġֹ½Ԫ˧ҲͨѶʹ
½ͥҪ򵥸׽һһҪעⰲȫ
ȻԲ󣬵ҺͰ׼ҵ뷨ʱЩ񾭣ѱǲȥ֡

½Ԫ˧ģֻûϵܶǣ
Ǹʱꡭ

꣬ôҲ˵˵ġ½ͥһ£ͻȻЦˣӦÿóţôɣǰȴװر𡭡һֵװ̫ǻ

ѵð½Ԫ˧Цƽʱֻүģͷμġ
Ц֮ȴ˵˼ǿɲ£裬СӱǵѨͲš

½ͥҪ˵ű̽һСԴ
ʱͷʣô

½ͥ

ʱվֱ߳Է
˵꣬ˡ

½֪ͥˡعͷҲ֪Ӧʱ꣬ڻشǰ½Ԫ˧Ļ
Ǳߣȥͣ´Ҫһ͵ڿλСʲôͬھġ

λСڣڷԵȷء

ʲôѾˣȫǼٵġ¥ȥȫȥ͵ôˡ
ȴȫʶ

ģˡ

ԱߵѦٱ鲻ģŵòᣬֻŸϽ˵ˡ
ֱ½ͥ˿

أ½ͥʡ

ʱ꣺ֻܵ

½ͥ
½ͥ̾ϢԼǳ£ǵá

ʱɹȥ

½Ԫ˧ĿڣҵĴԷԷ

ˡ

ʱ갮ԵģԵģ˸ղŵֳԺҲ˵һǧ˰ٵ¶ˡ
͸ֱӰ½һ١ȵȣִϰǲǲ̫ԣ

½ͥСһһ飬ʣôˣ

ʱСʣ˵Ҫ㣬ǲǵýҰ

½ͥ

ѦѦֱӵԪ˧ҳˣһȥæˡ
ʵȥˣС첲СȵģԪ˧վǸ򣬶ۺðɣ

һϣʱ굹Ҳ֪ˡ
ǼͷԷ

극ȥˣǽͬѧǼġ
ϴμɵŮͬѧ˵ҪС춼͹ˣרעЩ߰۰ɣ

Ȼϵüȴȷͦõġ

õĲϺõ˿񲼣Ҳϸܣ滹׺ƯӣһֻССķˡ
ʱ꿴ź⣬һϸҲЩСƵġ

ڳǿԻģǹ˼ɵȡӳϲװСʳ¹ڳĶ˿񲻺ϴģʱϴ
÷ʱ꣬ԼĴֱڳġ

һģǬ
ֱ

ʱܿľ³ƷǬ˲ٶ
û¸ɵʱڼĸʳò˵໹ǻԣһӶиζʲô̵Ľε͵Ļɽζһѡ

иֹɣҲʱϲģͨͨµ

ǮôҲûһͷȥ
ת죬׬һѡ

Ͼǧٻ֭Һ׬ģǰʱƵǿЦЦҩҲʼˣȻ۸񲻹øԼҷֳɣҲһʺܿɹ۵롣
æ꣬ҩҲʼ׬Ǯ

ڣǮֻһ֣ʱ⣬꣬㻨
Ϊⱻϰ۹ʡ

ѶһǬ棬ʣµ¥¥·֤ĶгԵġ

һУʱȥ˺Ժ

Ϸ棬ͿŽӴ׹ˡ
Ȼûɣʤޡ

һף׼ȥԡ
ȻܽSײоʣȴԲԼĳģǱ߻ܺõĴ𰸣Ҳѵһⷽ

ͱںҲа

ʱŻĲߣϷԭıִͨѶ

ʱ꣺

ǽˡ

Ǳ߰ױһͨһ䣬ãܺã

ʱĿһۣлл

ױͣ
ױŭΪܵʲôô׼վң½ȴǡ

һ׼ۡ

ʱ˸Ƿ룬ҶǼǼҵĵط½ڣԸ½ҡ
С󣬳޷ħץȥʱʱԼѡԼ˭ˬ˭ˬ

廹û̸أ߸̸

ⲻô

һߣһĵš;ǹеңһСǹŰױ͵Ӱžžžľǹ

ױͶʱŵһ

ʱЦ

ױͣ
һŭԼ֪ŹӵǴ򲻹ģԼ¡һŭģǸʲô

ʱꡮžִȥһǹ

ױͳŭˣҺúø˵ʲô㻹ᣬʲôǾʹˣԺڵġ
ʲô˵ôǵֳ

˵ʱϴˣĴ˵㲻ǵû˵˵Ļһ䵱棬ͲͨѶˡ

ʱ궼ú棬̬ˣϴθǻ˵ˣԭôܰڳһӿء
е棬ûô

Ȼ˵ûãʱҲٷʲôࡣһ·Ǹǲױ͡
Ҳ֪Ǿû˼˵ÿڸҪȥˮˣŹͨѶ

ʱãҲҡ

ϴΪ󴥣ô½ͥúʱɱ㿪ȵһʵĶȣӡ

һߵģ򿪹˫SҪܳܶܿ
Ȼһ·SҪĶȣӵ˫S

һѪ˲Щ˳Ͻֵ˻ȥ

Щǿʱɿһ֪ôģȻĴһ£Ǹ˵߶ϰ岻ڣ˿
ȻҪڵĻ϶ֵ˵ϧԼˡ

һʱ䲻磬ʱ׼ȥԸҹ
Ѿ׼ˣʱϴ̵һ׼ԡ

˳㻹¥½ͥкϰҲ԰

½ͥ˵ͷ

ԭûгҹϰߵģôġڶʱ꣬ȴСĿһǰûС
ģ½ͥջ

˵ǰǸÿǰɣʱЩȻҲŮͬѧĺÿԼôˣ

½Ԫ˧࡭

˵ϹʱһǰŮͬѧ͵ģ˼û˵
Ȼ̫ϣȷȥǬãȷǲͦġ

½ͥȴһ٣Ůͬѧ͵ģ

ʱ˵ͷôˣ

½Ԫ˧һ꣬ſڵ˵Ƕ򵼣ŮҲбôĶǲЩ̫á

ﲻãǳҩСֹ顣ֲ󣬲ҵġʱ˵һ٣ӦŶ㲻ǾáϰҲ̫˰ɣ

ʲôġ

˼ѶûԴأòף
ϰ壬е̫С˰ɣ

ˣôСô󷽵








 56 


ҺͰ׼ҵһֱ˽һ, ֱԻǶżˣǿһ

׷Ȼǳˣɱ, ȻҪܵеĳͷ

ǮֱӸĶһңҲܵһЩ
ڵʱˣһҲӲ

Ҳֻǰ϶, Ƕȥʱ, ȴǾܲϡ

Ҳֻǣ˼ֵµˣ׶λԱǳˡ

ҲӦ, ʱڸԻʱλԼҵС˵ȻбȨ, ˵ûǷ, 浽һҲСģƺֱӾͷˡ
ҲֻҰѻʵ۵ȴٹ, Ͼ½ҲбȨġ

ʱ˵, Ǹ, ڰﺦ½ͥ

ʱһţ½ͥûȹ̾񺣣ûҳЩžʵҩ⣬ĳŲ˶á
½ͥһ, ½Ԫ˧״̬Ͳ̫ã֮£¸, £Ҳûپ½Ҿ

ֻϧȻֻȨܣǱߵȴǴ¡

˵Ǳ߳嶼ܻ˵ĳˣߵ۹ȴڶ
˵ǱҲãݱġ

Һˣʱڼóţʵǡ
ʱڱԹѦٴ·̲סûвʱֻҪڰˡ

ʱ꣺ڡ

ֲǰֻһֻСˣ˼һסнŵģԼô

Ѧ֪˵Ҳ˵ˣԾȥԼˡ

Ի꿵ǰʱͦŵġ
䲻֪飬Ҳó
˵ģϾͽʵʵĳһ¡ʱĺڷվǸСѾôһˡ

ҳ䶨ǰһı۰׼ҺпǱݺģΪλҶúõĳˣȴ־ġ
˻࣬˷Ƕġ

ʲôʱ򶼲ȱˣжΪǵࡣ
ǽͷݣֻĲΣƫҪС

ȻҲдʼնŰ׼Һҵģ˷ųˣڻס

Ⱥ˸һֱҺͰ׼ҲǺöģһţˡ

ʱʱ߷Ѿ˾ûץˡ

ҲǸҡԻ꿵һ˾ͳš

ʱ꣺˻ˡ

Իֱ쳢ҩ֪Ǹģû뵽ز˵Ӧ
Ҫǵñɡ

ʱ꣺

ѦֹˣʱҪǩǳҩȨͬԷϴǸңҲԼµһҡ

ʱ꿴Ҳûֱǩ

̸ͬõģֳҲ綨ˣҲвûҪϸ

µڣҲǳ׸㶨ˡ
һ£ҩڿͶʱˡ

ʱϢϣʱ˹

ڵȵˣҵĳͷ

Ҿ˵Ȱҵһˣ¿϶Ϳˣ

˭֪۶ǮһҩôϣҪ̫󡭡ͷļ۸񣬹ҲԸⰡͷ

˶Ϊˣȴʮ˵࣬Ҳûȥ˼Ҹĸ

Ȼζ磬²ҵһֻгҩˣкڷʱ㡣

ԻԲаɣ㵱ʮܸ꣬ʲôǺĸûˣǸȥǺһô

ʱļڵΪԲôɰءһֵܿ

ȻԭĻͱˡ˰ʱ˵ڷҪܽȥͲкڷˣǳһš
ڷϵƱûˡ

Ҫˣ̬ñʱ˵ڷ۾Ͳ´лᣬǻٶȾ
˼̬ѧ

Ի꿣TMѧһڷ۸ʲô

ĪģֱʱĽˡ
ȥȥȥˣʲôʱϷҲżˣ±Уץ˰ɣ

ʱ˵ǲУץˣڵ˸ˡ
˵԰Ϸˡ

ȥǿŷϷ
ڻսǿ

ֻӴײףϷվֻϷҲֵʱһôƲ𣬱ϾӴףǿϷȷûôˡ

ԻΪʲôǿʵģ̺ܸߣʱ겻̫ϸ˵ûʡ

Ȼȥ󣬱ҲǿŷϷ
ҲкŵģֻһЩ

һͬĻа治ͬѧܶͬѧһѰʽŮǸСϲϲ

ʱһһӦˣͬǽһҩ֪ʶ

˵ѧУҪͻһ»治ġһʵҵȷġ

ˡͻȻ˵ò׷żˣҲӻöҩɣ

Ǿǡ

Ϸ涩һұ߳Աġ

˵ҩʲôȵĹ˹أҲö̸
ˡͻȻ˻ϵǱ߻иأʱҲǱҵ°ˣͦȴһˮûô𡣡

ʱԾһ١

ȻǱͬѧ˹԰ʱ꣬ǻ˿ء

ʱ룬ʱʱͲΪʡ͵
½иôֱˣҲǿ

ǿǾǱ̹ܽ٣ǵǶȻҲˡ

ںö˶Ի꿵ɺҪˣ˶ʡ

˵ûϹˡ

Σˡ
ϾȻԼսϵ˭ûսϵءôĸ˲ע

Ҳҵֵ̫滹˾Űѹû졣
һҲ顣

ոմ׼ˢˢȤӵʱ꣺

˵
ʱķ˿ôʱ᲻һ

԰ôǿľ˷˰ϾУԺɶϽ˲š

ҪȥֱԲ츳

ʱ꣬ˡ

¥ָջ½ͥѦٻ㱨ģҲ顣
ǶˣȥϷղ࣬ʱõľ͸٣ûзġ

ѦʮԻ󣬡϶ĸ©ˣͷһ顣

ʱû뵽ǻϷա
һ𾪵ƹѦٵǣҲڲ飬ֻûԼǱߵĹϵܻһЩ

ʱ꣺

ҺãϷԻ͵ģ档
ºڰ
ͳȥĶԼãǿҲ벻ȥ顣

ôȥܲǸ¶ʱҲܹϸҪ˴ȥԼαװķ˿ˡ
ѵûʱ꿴½ͥʵǸ򵼡

½ͥܣҪ˲У

ѦȴֱӵܣǾԲ򵼣ûǶսƵо˺öأǾһ츳ڱûôԡ

ʱ꣺Ʋ˭㡣
ģҪ򵼣͡

ҵࡣѦ˵꣬ƺòּ˾䣬ٰѹԸˡ

ʱĿʲôãǻͷȥҽԺ㻹˵ֹء

Ѧٱֹסˣɴ۾⣬⡭

ʲô⣬Ҳû˿ʱϵҪˣ¥Ƕôؼҵ·ȥ

Ѧ٣
Уôһš

ϸһ룬ġҪڱͷšߡ
϶ĵ˵ͷô˵ˣѾжʱûˣҪ취֣ͬú̸һ̸

ʱû⡣

½ͥһ߿ļһֱʱѦ٣ֱʱųģ˲òУ취

ʱֲɵ»
νҷ˿˽⣬һǰŪȻЦЦĶѦ٣
ǡѦ٣˵ʲôҪǶ·ؼ˰

Ѧ٣
Ѧٲ֪ͻȻˣֱĿ½ͥ

Ȼȴ˿ûᵽĵľԼ£ʲôµʱ᲻ȥģ˰ᡣ

Ѧ˶ɵˡ
Ԫ˧ⲻղʱ˵ұĵʱˣ
ΪʲôֵôɨҶ顣

ʱϲˡ

ʱѳһʣµĹװشֱ׼Էһ̧ͷ½ͥĴ
һ˲ЩΪǴ칦ܱ¶ˣȻŷӦ
ϰ壬ǰɣѵûչŮͬѧ͵Сֹô

СֵھȻ

 57 



½ͥСûյ֮Ů͹, Сֹ͸ˡ
λǻˡ

ʱ꿴ֿѦ٣ι, ˵˵˶͹Сô

СѦٳʵԪ˧ա

ʱ˵ġŶһҲ, Ͼһͳһû
, б𡭡˵ʱһָԼı壬˿һ, ½ͥľžǣҪԶҪԶ, ˵ʲô˵Ůб, бǶ˶б𡣡

⻰Ѧûˣһװû

ﵹͦͬ, Ԫ˧ȷ˭ûر׽ʱ
ƼʱԻҧ˵ĻԪ˧, ôЩ, ûֳ

½Ԫ˧ˣ

½ͥתƻ⣺ᣬȥô

ʱ֪мƷһЩ½ֵͥǸСоԺĳƷ滺Һʱǧٻ֭Һһ

½ͥ˵ҪһЩģߵᡣ

۸һЩ

һһ֮ǰ, һ졣
һҪѧһΣʱ껹׼ȥʶʶġ

Ͼнȥ, Ǽʵ֪ʲôء

оҪȥȴԣʣôܳˣ

ʲôʱƹš½ͥʣ˶ԡ

ʱһǲˣ鷳
˵ˣǰʱԼȥ档Ϊˣ˲ץ˵ˣȻ󶼱յÿ޵үү

ΪҪȥᣬʱϵûʲôԼǸ򵼵飬˯һ㾫
ҪҪ

᲻ǣǻɴȥòԶϳܵ

·ɴʱȻ˰Ӻ

⻹ʱϵһθӺ棬ϴǼݵֻ꣬ǶԷĶڰԡ

ò˵òЩġ

ʱСˣнˣȴع࣬츳ԣֻһ۱졣
Զˣֱһȶеˡ

ʱ겢ˣȻӺȴû

ϾԼձͽȥȻоûʲô³
õĽҲҪһֱš

һʱ꣬ŭ˹ȥ̶ƼʱԱߵ½ͥѦϵߵķ

һ򿪳½ͥȥ
ȻʵϷĿ϶Сʱꡣ½ͥվȥˣŸϷ

һĻӺˣҧгݣʱ꣡

ʱ伫ˣͷһۣһ˴żƺڽ侲
˳ûɣģ˹İ࡭
˭ʱʡ

Ѧٻͷһۣⳬ١

Ŷʱ֪ˡ
Ӻı磬ԱӣһгϢĺӡ

ֲءֹ˾䣬ģͱȰӺǸ㡣

ⳬסǰİӺ侲㡣

Ӻ豻ʲôˣô侲

Ϊ豻Ϊ½̬ͥ׽ⳬ

Ӻҡ

ⳬЩмĿ˭֪²ʱһܰģĻĻ½װĲġ
ȴֻˡ
׼һûˡ
ҪСùýȥˣҲôӺúý̵κʵڲǿ񣬲֪ô

Ȼⳬת֪뵽ʲôͻȻ˵ʵϲҲǲУֻҪ赱Խλ䲻Ȣһ㣬½ͥӦ¡

ʱ򣬷ˣʱ鸴ӵĿ½ͥϰ尡ֲʲôб𣬿˭ö˼ء
û취Ӻ˼ԭ

ʲôϵĵҲˣһԭ׼ұ͹ϵôԭˡ
ӺأӺ趼ڽȥˣŵֻ½ͥƾòӹһ٣

˵˵Щʲôڡ˿֪½ͥвٺöǰûиȤġ
ʡʲôб

ε϶ܶ࣬Ȼֻ滺ҩ滺ҩѹǰ㲻ϡ

ͳƷ滺ȻЧǰҪǿҲֻ滺ǳƾ񺣷⡣½ͥڿЩɽ͵Լ۸񲻿ܻ̫ߡ

ʱ˵ͷǸҩģȻ֪㡣
ϾֻǻģһЩòôõġҪģЩȫһĽͣϻǮĴеȻУΪҵͷѪ

ȥƷ廨ţʲôС
ŶЩͷȥֵƷ

һ·һʱĿһ٣ռʯ

˳򣬺ںڵģЩī񣬵ӦǡٶģȻܰƷͶӰҲʵҲ

½ͥȤ͵ռʯںǬռСһ඼װһ̨סʱĴԼ۸ʮְ󡣡

ʱ˵ͷϳ˵Ŀռť£

½ͥ˵ͷһ

ǼʿƼѾǺܷڿռ似ȴһֱûʲô̫ͻơҲǰѿռһЩ̶ȼСʮָӣʲôطϡ
ֻڼһֵĶϣ߻ף̫սá

ȻҲЩ˻ЩСѦͻȻӻʱСǸװװӣٶװˡ

ʱ˳ǣĿͬĿѦ١֪ͲҪ˵⡭
Ρ
Եʶǳʮ޴

Ҳ֪ˣΪʲôСȡӣѧУͬѧҲˣģʮֽҲûԾ
ȴԭ˼Ǿֻװӡ

˵طʱ˿ʼ볡

μӵĲǮƣǮƶеġ໹ʶ·ϻôк

һλģ˹ʱЩ죬ӦԻ꿵ϼ
ԷЦŵǰʱô£һ滺Ӻأ˳ˡ

˵˵ģʱЩûЦ

Ͼ⻰ϸ˵̫ʣݰ׼Һҡ
ⳬٺͰӺˣͬǰŵĽǡǡ䣬ɫ֪

ʱһʱ䣬֪ɺϵλô˵˼ұǹġ

ӺɫѾܿˣⳬٲһͷˣǸ

ǰЦ½Ԫ˧ӦҲΪ˿ռʯİɣɣҲǡ

ǰҲŶһз·ȴʲô¶ûУЦͦϡ
ʱпֲðӺԣܹܲ½ͥأȻͬ졯
ţƤ

ʱЦкȻŰӺˡ

ߺ޵ĵƺ˵Щʲôȴⳬһ䣺Ӻĵû˵ԹԸˡ

һĻɰʱЦˣҲǹ˼˭ԸЦҲôЦ˳

ӺЩֻعȴջǱˡ

½ͥεԴˣҲýȥˡ

Դʱ겻ҿɲǰӺСӣڱ˳Ǹӡ

ǡѦٵҪˣ˭ס

ѦѾˣ֪ʱѧУʱǧʦѧ棬Ѽַᡣ
Լջʱֳþǰ˸ϳȥ

˵ʱûɣ϶Ҳס

¥Ͼٰ죬ǵλñȽϿǰΧ˴඼Ƚ죬ⳬٺͰӺˡ

Ѧӣʱ£Ÿ½ͥ
·֪ʲôʱʼ˵ǰ˳ͱˣһһϰ庰ŵˣԼ˴ϰ屾ˡ

Ѿϰˣ˿ȴ̲סһ֪ĥʲô
Ӻ۾ˡ

Ƴٷְٴȵǧٻ֭ҺԼˡ̲ס

ⳬٿһۣҲܰ쵽ԸӶС

Ӻ
ܰõô۹ôҩʦûһܳɹء

˸ÿ˲ˮģǱ̨ϻů

ʱҿԭͳ

ӺץʲôѱƵ˵ԵУûʶ

ʱûסЦˡ

ѦΪҪˣȴԼԪ˧Ѿڵڹڳˣ׹ҽҲôɣ

ϲˣӺ˲ɫɷס

Ȼȴû˹ⳬٸǵһۣ˱Ȳ˵öۡ
Ȼֽ˼׻²˹ȥ

ϾӺҽ̲ã˵ȥҾͺˣ

ȻʱѾˣԱ½ͥڸ顣
ǱȽϸ߶˵ᣬĶһʵˣҲ࣬ԲŻǴģʽһᣬаġ

߿ûаᣬһΪ٣ΪһȦģ㽻
ϵĲˮģҲĸ߼ʦġ

ʱѲ軻եֳ֭һģȻ

ǰϷ̫˻û⡣
ǰڷɴҲûȥϴּ䣬ֺ˹֭Щڼ

ȥϴּ䡣ʱ˵

߶еһҲߴʱˮϴ֣ȴײⳬ

һۣܣ

ⳬٵǣڵ㡣

ʱȻĵͷҾ˵Ȼʮ˻ǸӣҲϸϴּ仹Ҫ˿š

ⳬ٣
ǰڴ԰ӺС»ι׮£ʱǹ⳰ˡ
Ȼ˼ϺЦȴû⡣

⹫ӣ£ʱ

ⳬٵμ棬֮ǰΪĲ̫һ
ĴӦǻᱻʲô˵ܺƵġⳬٵҺܲףΪʲôվ½ͥһߡֻһȽҪˣ˰׼ңĴǣ׼һȴûһ˵״ͼүү֮ư׼ҡ

ʱֵ̬Ŀ

ⳬ٣㲻ţ

⻰šʱ˵ϾױͶһҹ˵ûλԱ˼ǾԲŵġ
Լףڸ׸绥ҧ𾢡Աֵܶڶ⶷繷ӱҲûģԲŶ˼һذ׼ҡ

ⳬٵ⸱飿

⸱鲻ڳ˵Ļ棬룬ſھ˵ұҪ˵Ļȴ·ҵɵӡһ;㲻ͬӺǸǸʡ͵ģȴû뵽һ𣬸ɵȴǼ¡

ⳬһı飬ʱڱˡ

ʱҷ㲻ϣһذ׼ҵġ

׷˶ȥˣӺȴûңڰ׼ҡⳬѾڴŰӺ߶̵֪ҪӺ
ʱǻȥͰӺǸҪʲôʲôеĴʲôϢ

Ҫȥ㲻óôңʱЦˣ˵⻰һʱˮӣ뿴Һڣ

⹫ӣҾ⹦򣬲ȥŰӺ߶̽ʱһߣһ̾ϢҪ֪̫Ƿģ˵ģʱҲͷء

˵⻰ѾȾͷȥˡ

ⳬվںʱûϵȴǰЦĺЩ
ʱ꣬һʱ꣡

ֲðױͼζֲ˺ã˼ҿôͨ͸Ǹɵֵ̣˺ô

ۼҪʼˣҲ˻ȥԱһʵİӺĵ
һģΪʲôƫƫôࡣҪ࣬˼ɵӣҲͷ۽̫鷳

СùǰӣôĶôá

 58 



һǰڵĶĹ, ģֶǳſռʯģǰڳ۵˲̫ࡣ

ʱ굹ǿϼűʯ, 

գۼ䣬ǧôûˡ

ȴǺܿ죬߸Ǯ, Ǳõˡ
һ, ʱǰͰ˺üСӡ

½ͥǵһμʯʣϲЩ

ͦÿʱ˵ʾһԼǬС, ׼ıʯȥͬѧնͦõģͷǰæ

½ͥôıʯ, ͬѧᵣĸŪ˵, ͷѦٸרһÿġ

аɣʱҲû
Ͼ鷳ͬѧ, ֻǡϰ壬治Ϊʲôб𡣡

½ͥרĿ, пűʯ

ʱһûס, ЩЦ
˼

ü۴Ц˶·˲⣬ÿòˡ
½ͥôţ˱

Ѧעų, һ͵ǵĳƷ滺ˡ

Ʒ滺ϴεļ۸ƽһƿ˰򣬼۸ǼƷ滺ʮֻʮ
ΪЧ, ٣Լ۸ЩеǮܸõġ

ϾΪ˳ǶܲǮƣοǶĶ

ʮƿֿ

һֱӳ˰˰ļ۸
ʱ꿴˹ȥ½ͥϴĵУ

˳һЦϴ㲻˵һƿôôλ򣿡

棬档Ц

Ȼϴ򵽵ļ˷׷׿ʼۣĻúˣŹ

ôһøһ۸Ǳһη˽һ߼ĵһǧİٰʮ
ͼһƿҲһǧ

۸ǲⳬЦŵôƿ½Ԫ˧δʽİ

˵ţƼֽһˣֱߡ
˲ǱˣԼҴԻ֡

Ի·е£ˡ

ͬⳬǱ߷ЦֵЦȣԻҲǲЦֱͣ˵¡
߿ʱ꣬кãС㡣

ʱ˵ͷҲá

Ȼ˾ûʲôˣ׷׿̨ϡ
Ǳߺܿģ͵˿ռʯ

ͬǰڹϿģܿʵʱ΢˼ռʯôн糣ʯͷ
ʦ˭ҶһѣԼнʱȻҲУڷ棬̫ȥ

ͨǸսӴܿռ䣬Ʒʱõ
һ˳ѧ׶ΣΪһЩܶʦܲпһЩСĿռ䡣

ⶫҲôõˡ

Ȼ粻ͬߣⶫȻô
½ͥվǳſռʯģԻ˱ʽ㣬ǰġ

һܶ˵Ŀ˹ʱ껹С˵ţԼܣοûˡ

浱ʱЩǵһʼӼ۵ġ

ôССһռʯûգۼĵһϡ

ʱ̲ס죬ȥһ˼ҵգۼǮˡ

ڼ

ȵһʮڵʱԱⳬھơ
ʵ½Ԫ˧֣

һʱű˶ûֻһЩ鱦
ԣǾͳһְɣȻܵľһ¡

һʮڡ

ռʯļʮڣһμӼһڣʱŸռۣܿ㱻һһٰʮڳˡ
ʱҲûٶ·𷽲žΪ˻ӦⳬһƵġ

½ͥȻҲû

Ƕ֪ǿʯļ۸Զֹڴˡ

ʱ򣬲뾺ĵ˵ȷǲˡ
ȥоӵģֵоңҪоռ似ˡ

ռʯ۹Ŀǰڵֻ飬һ½ͥһУʣһо

ڡʱ־˴ơ

ÿξƶⳬ̬֮Ҳ̫
û취ϾǰΪϣʵڼ

෴ڳҵķΧĵĲڹעյļ۸

Ǿûᵽ١ʱͻȻʡ

ԻֿһۣҪεľж󡣡
ռʯֵûô󣬱Ͼֻһװ׵˹Ȼ㣬ûʵҲûôӰ졣

˵ףս̵ʱͣڷɴϻ󲿷ʱ𲢲ر

۹ֹռʯȴֻ顣Ĳȥоˣ˵Ŀռ似Ǵӿռʯоġ

ȲҪµĿռʯԼо

ҹװףǼֻһռťȻһӶףҲҪ
Ѧٽ˵Ͼǰ˺ĶˣܻǴŶȫ޲ױ

˵ʱ˵ϴֵּˡ
ȷϹͷһѣû˵ͱء

Ц˳Ҳðûˡ

ⳬٳǿȻУվԼһ׸½ңεľС
²үӸսϸ첲ˣλԹҲ˵

֣һֱʱϣ½ͥȻƺûùȥ뷨
ֱڣҲûʾʲôʱþˡ

ƫƫʱûȴյ൱á

һֱڣֻʣҡ

Իֻ˵˾䣺û뵽ҲͦС

ѦҲſ˹ȥ˵ǰ˭뵽ء
ʱôǮƸǮйϵģȽϻȽ϶ɣ

Ԫ˧Ѧٿ½ͥǵʽ𴢱˵ôȻλôҲգµʱǮô

ʱ굱Ȼ£Ϊûĵ֡

Ȼڼ۸ʮֻ֮ⳬٶʱӿ

ʱѦӼ۰
ǵʽû

Ȼʱ꿴ⳬһۣˣҪˣʲôҪ۸ˡ

ʲôвҪԤϵģȿڵľȻ½ͥѦԻ֣ԱİӺ
ռʯ㶼֪ôô᲻Ҫ

ⳬ졣

һ;òԡȻǱʱ⻰ЦˣԤӦûǮɣУʮڡ

ԻĸԼұܶԸ˵СӶǵʽԤͦ׼ʮҲʣҲҼӵֺۣѹûڿ

Ҹɡ½ͥʱꡣ

Ѧ˵ʲôɣ۳ѵô

ͼǱⳬѾֳˣûʱôһ¶ʮڣȴҲʮڡ
ʮڡ

۸һССĿռʯѾǾԲˡұϾû½ôǮۺЩҧгݡ

ӣ㿴ʱ꣬ȴͻȻЦˡ
˰ǾǻǮָĲ½ͥ˵ⳬ١

ⶫǲҪͷ͡ʱ½ͥһӣҾţԼټӣԤӦûʮڵռ䣬ϣҲֵ̫ˡ

Իüͷһۣû׼

ǱⳬҲһܾʲô뿴鷢ˡ
ſ½ͥ

ڳ˶ڿ½ۣͥǷ

ѦٵԪ˧

ԻֵûڣֻɫӵĿʱꡣ

ʱһߣƺȫûʶ˵ʲôƵġ
½ͥԥһ֮󣬱ӡ

ûڼӼۡ

ѦԪ˧Ԫ˧

½̧̧֣ͥ˵

Χ˵ȴǲϣȫôͲӼˡ
ҲûǮˡ

ⳬԺҳһţʲŷһ飬ŷʱѹһʼͲҪӺƹǾ仰˵³ǴóǮռʯ̧һμۡ

ȻпǶԷˣпǣƾ׶໨ʮڡ
ⳬٱװٺãҲˣʱЩסˡ
ѹŭ԰ӺͲô

ӺЩĵô
ֿʱ֪꣬˵ζʲôôˣ´ûռʯԡ

˵ţʱ꿪ʼͶ
һǹӣһӣһۺʣһ޻һ̸һ
ʳܿӣá

һССĴӣǾװôʳġ
װſռť

Ѧ춼Ŵˣǰڷϣ˵ʱСֻװʱԷ񣬷˵ֱ֪

ԲͨĿռ豸ǿռʯеĴȡ

Ѿ԰ڲˡ

½ͥ˼ﶯһһ󳵵ʳǰ˵ҲԲ꣬Ҳ֪ʱ궼Ķˡ
֪ˣˡ

Χ˸ɵˣһЩԭ½ͥɵˣʱôͣصҲ˵ˡ

ʲô˼ҡ

ôĿռʯװʳ

ﰡһ̲ס

Իڶ棬ΪϷŲ£˳ͷһǺ͹

ˡѦɵɵʱˣ⵽˶ٵʳ

ʱͣ£еʳװȥ
û٣Եÿ죡

룬ʳԲԵ˵ôôĿռʯ㾹Ȼװʳ

ٿǰ˵˼ûռʯİӺŹ֣⵱ֱžž졣

ⳬٸɫѿʮȷϣʱѹûٸ
ʮ򣬾ǰ׻ġ

ôˡ

ӺѾɵˣܣ

ʱ꿴һۣʲôܵģۼΪ档
ˣǰ⹫Ӻúý̵һ㣬ûüЦŵҾΪѵȸһΰɣǿˣԼܻĻһЦ

񡭡ڣ









 59 



һ, Ҿ͸һƵġ
Щδ

ֲŮ˵עʱ곣йϳԣġ˭ϵ, Ҳܸڳɴֳء

ƫƫ⻹治ҵ¶

˭óǸаӺײġ

۷׷ףӺɾûôùˡ
ôҲ, ʱﾹȻҲпռʯ, ôУⲻܣ

ⳬٸû, 뿪ˡ

ȥ͸ԼүүͨѶֳ˵ˡ
̫ˣʵ̫, ˻, סүүҪǰ׼ǱֻܿһӶ뿴

ĵҪĶ, Ȼֳȴѹ޷ĵ


ȫ෴½ͥһˡ

ΪʱڡӺ֮, ͰǸװռťС½ͥϰ, һ㣬ǰɡʳҵģͷøó

һ˲е˶룬㶫һˣһֻʳ
Ҫ, ٸʳУ˭̰Ǽӹɶġ

½ͥüģҰм۸㡣

Իȥϸ˵ɣﲻ㡣

Ҳ, Ǳֱ˳ȥ˷ʱҪסһҹ

Լбֱȥ

½ͥһ֣֪ûпռʯռʯСҲʯͷһմһ

ҲȫǿմӣΪװ׹Ų̫ƮװһСѵĹӡ
ҲһСѹӶԡ

ʱģʱ˵õǸڳСӣĻңͷһҪء

½ͥڳģҲ졣

ʱǼŮͬѧǸƯС֮ǰʱľ

Ĺӵȥʶ̽ȥȻռܴ
ֻڶ˸ʳ

ƺı̫һѾˣʱôˣװʳŪʲô滹б·ʹأҪ̫ԣҶװϷա

½ͥ˲뵽ô£ôһϷûԡ
룬ƺҲǰԪ˧֮ʱϳС

Ѧٻ״⣬ô£ֻйӣռʯأ

½ͥСǿռûпռʯ

һ˲䣬Իֶûסɫ
ʲô
СȻʯͷ

ռʯԷԴռ䣬ͬʯͷɲһسǰȴ϶֯ġ
˿ռ似

ʱ˰޹Ǽצ˿еצԵʮ㡣
Ե֪þС

ҲǡѦ϶˭Ūİ

ʱ꣺Ұ

Ѧ٣
Ѧɵɵ˵֪

ʱֻռռľͷռʯͷûԹʱ˲죬Ҳ֪㲻ǿеĿռ似

Ի֣㣬ô㡣

ռ似ǺεֵǮõռʯһоЩ˶üڳģ֪ˣжã׬Ǯ
Ȼ˭ϵôһżצ̽ȥǸһͲֵʲôǮ幤Сꡣ

ʱһǱ֣һߵϰ壬ͬѧҵǸҰ

½ͥȴûǱƣֱ߰һ£˵ͷõġ

ʱ꣺

ѦҲһ£Ԫ˧ǡ
ǰ·һֱСǾŮӵﲻãҲûȥûʲô˼

ʱҲһĲ˼죬𾪵㾹ȻͬѧҵСҪб˽ҡ

ǣʲôõġѦҪ˽ңҲѡôһֵǮСǸɫڳĲֵǮ
ҲԣԪ˧ˡ

Ѧ˶ɵˣ⻰ôյġ
ԱŵԻȴǿ½ͥٿʱ꣬ٻͷ½ͥƺЩԼʲôֲš

ǰһܿջĿ⣬Լұתƻ֪ʱҩѧúãԿռѧҲһо

ʱ꣺Ƕֵ¶ô
֣һ¡ѧʱСҲô˵ģ˵ܼ򵥣һѧͻᡣ

Ի֣
մб˽лѦ٣

Ѧ˲ʱձԣץ֮죬ȥս˵λʱֱǸţԼĥһ£Ȼѻ˸װˡ

ʱѦҲָо

SСѧԣһ·Ԫ˧˸٣Ծ˵ߵ߷壬Ҳͬеǿˡ
˭ϵλʱǰܾԼӲء

Լ⵽˵ѧʱͬѧΪʲôô죬ãĻһ䣬һ鲻ͼסʱԷıΪʲôô

˵Ҫװ׵ôʱ˵˵ϰʴôС̫ʣǽͰɡʵڲУøСЩĿռҲСܶࡣ

Ѧزأͺܺá

˭ⶫ·䲻䰡
˼ںúðɣ

˵⿴һŴӻĺɰɫҲɶѿɫʲôܾɫҲԸ⻨Ǯ

£˭ô

ʱͲ͵ĵˡ

ߵıȻʱлɨΪסû׼ʳԻַ·ϣ㶩˲͡

õһҲĶˣǻˡ

ҵķ˺ܲԻֵҳʱԣ˲̫ö͹ûʲôȱ㡣
׼ззǴҲ䣬ǳԲģСʱԳ

зʱͦ󣬾˵ζзеһֻ̫࣬󲻺⣬ȱ㡣
Ҳм˵ζΪѳԣһھ¡

ʱʮֵ̽񣬵ͼһ
˸ӣһ㳢
Ȼ󡭡

̫TMѳˡ

µһߣˮ

ܲңǼˡ
ʱһзܲˡſһԥ̧ӼиԱߵ½ͥ

¶ɵˣ½Ԫ˧ҲѾϰߡ
Ͼʣ飬һξеڶΡ

зܳԣһͦԣǵͰзǿǳ˸ɾ
ȥ˵ڶֻ

ⷭ⣬ȻڳˣһĵȻھڣһ΢һĻ˼

ʱԹûʲô¶ˣԻ¥ϷգǬȡһʳô¥ˡ

Ի֣ͦãһ᲻ڡ

ڣѦٷ·ʲô˼Ļһ㣬᲻ڣܣ㻹ǲ˽ʱ

ʱȥϷʳȥˣµĴըȴʱû

½ͥõ˶ҲᣬȴҲ׷׻ȥ֮˵顣
Ͼʵ档

߲ų˼ûռʯ˼Ǳÿռʯ£װʳ

ӺνǶ˶ˡ

ó飬ô˵

ֲֹһô롣ӺҧгݵǸ˵ԼôôһǳЦˡ

ⳬһ䷿ͨѶƼڷƢ
üԽƲܡ

ɵ룬ʱ꣬ʱôأ

Ǹϴּϣͷβû̫öЦеİ˵һЦˣƺ
ĻȻܿŭԼʹ˰ɣ

ⳬ룺ұΪʲôʱꡣ

ǰ漰ʱλܿŻɿɰò˭֪أһ¼ֱǸķ
ⳬ̾˿߹ȥ㼴֪ҶôΪʲô룬Ϊʲôû˵ʣֻ㣿

Ӻһ㶡

ʱ˵һҲûܾɵӣԽԼһɵӡ
ⳬٵȥ֮һ˸㰲ſγ̣ڲʺϸң㿴Ҳѧʲô

ⳬӣҪǰ׼Ǳ߾ôһѪױڣʵģһ¡

˼ңҲ˵顣

˭õءһλ˻ؼҺ˵׼Ҫ˳Ӱɣ⺢ӲƳٷְٴȵǧٻ֭Һﻹпռʯֱ

Ҫǰ׼ˣ;ԼҪ裬һô档˵һ٣׻ǰױԼЩ£ʱСڰ׼ҳôҲֳƳˣ˵ж

ǰԭԼ޹ػ˵ƫƫԼ׵Ѫȴֳô
׼ʲô飬֪

ԱϢʱȷһ£Щֱιȥ

֡ױû°ɣ

Աʱ㶼ôġ

ױ͵ҺˣҶˣأҵүү֪

ҿ㲻֪Ա˵֪ٷְٴȵǧٻ֭Һζʲôô䵽½ͥζֵµ˻ٵľ⣬㶮ôУıҵô룬ǻѡ½һң

ԭεĿռʯǺ׼£һȷãҲΪһ¼ʵ֪ҵ㡭
ԭļƻһѹ½ĵ˿ռʯǱϱųȥ

Ȼأ

ʲôԼЦô

ʱڳȻ࣬ȫǵ۹ϲĹ̽ĸ֪ǰ׼Ҵʲô½ͥ
½ͥˡ
׼ҵ˶ãȴƫƫǡû

ʱͨѶŸң˵Այ
ӣ̫ʱڰ׼ҵ塣

׼ҺˣֻǺϵȴҪΪҵ塣
ڻűѾˣˣ⼸ӣһܳŵͬҷͥ

ֻʱ꣬ȻδӴϵĴ̳˽ϻ۹ˣΪЩȴδԹκο
Ըص׼ңԽ̵ǵʱпܡ

ţͨѶͨˣǱֳ½ͥ˧Ŀ

ƺճ극ɳϿЩУ˵Ļȴһ
Ա½ͥң

ԱŵĴͷ˿ֿ˿ȷʱͨѶ

ʱ洫һߵĵƺǴӶ¥ģЩС
ҵİɣʱ˵ҪרĴϷתƸ㡣

½ͥ
Աɹˣ

 60 



ⳡʵǺ, һԱһԪ˧һܣ뿴¥ϡ
ʱ겢ûг, ֻǺһˡ

ԱǱǻû˵ֱӾ͹Ҷˡ

Իֳ˳ǣⲻϵ˰, ʲôʱתƣ

ǳǰɣѦãȻʱҪ˰׼˵ͨѶ, ȫҪˡ

һߣԱѿɫðζûл͡

ױ͵ĸС, 㿴Ƕӣɵǽʲô¡

һֱôױ͵ҵĴ챻Тӽѵ

ͲôİԱǶ˳øͷۡ


֮ǰһֱΪʱԹ, ֻðױӴϾѪ, ҲģǶºûæͷԡ
ȷʵѴʱ, ˵Է⡣

ȻȴףͨѶ, Բʲôױ˵ĻԹ, ѹǳϹϵ

ôȻûס

ʱǿˣ½ͥǱߵķӦ֪Ƕ֪飬СԼ˼, Ȼ⼺

ĥţΨ֮ʣı֤ҵǸʱʱүķ˿, Ȼ¡

ԱĥţȴǱ߰ױŭ֮ԼͨѶŴʱꡣ
ת˲֮䣬Ǳֽˣһ仰ûüڣײ½ͥޱ

½ͥѹˣѰ׼˵ͨѶţתӡ

ױͣܳ

ԱڻץԱߵĲ豭˹


ʱ֪֮ǻϵҲӦµ˻˵ʲôԲǰ׼
Сӻ֮ǰأٴȥһΣ

Ӷ˵ġ

Ǳʱ꺰һɤӾٶȳϷĺ
ò˵ҵһ۵˾ͲˡǵȻҲʼע飬оͰǸף
ʱʱүķ˿

ϧϷڻûʼҪҲȥԡ˵ҲЩУġ

Ҳﵽ˼ôҪˢӣôôء

ʱԱ·Ϸұ߱ţ
Ҳǣʱķ˿ʱ걾˸½Ԫ˧ϵã˵˻᲻ƫ½Ԫ˧Ǳߡ

Ƕô˵Ǹųʱ˿ˣûϹߡ

ʱһ٣˳Ϸȥһ
Ȼһ죬±ۿˡ

ʱȻʱ磬˿ô

˵ʱôûأķ˿ҪĻԷӦòٶŰɣ

ҿʲôҲæˣ˿϶ȥ½Ԫ˧ģϾʱķ˿

ʱüͷһ壬˵ôһˣ½ͥ϶Ҫԭ򲻻Եķ˿½ͥʵ
ȻЩȫ½ͥ

ܵѦ٣Ѽɵģŷȥ˿⼸ˣӲãˮ

ǱѦٺܿ͸˽ˮҲǵһˣǰҲ⼸ţһҵġ

ʱ˳ǡ
ã־ϳϣȸɵ½ͥѡء

ٿ棬˶˵ʲô
ʱ϶û⣬Ͼ˼żżĻܲô

ǣȥľȥģ

⻰Ҳʲô˵ĻȻЩԾ˿ǵķȻǺģֻǲô˵ԡ
ôˣˡ

ʱ룬˲Щ˿еʱ꣬½ͥһַС
ʲôȥľȥġ

ѦǱȻҲ˲ԾԤıİĿ

ǰĿ
ϧˣʱ룬ûɶá

ϾǸνķ˿Լ˭ԼԼĻЩأⲻǺ飬ԼĻְɣ

ᣬмȽС˿ȻŵɪжôǿҲķ˿汣֤û⡣
ʱ˳ǣ˵˾䣺

˿ҷ˿Ҳ衣׵ҲûȨ˽Ծӵδ򣬸οֻǸż񡣡
ҵǾãһֱŵȷǸ£˵һЩ

һģԼֵɣȻ˹ԡ

̬ȱˣǱҲûʲôܴٴֻҪС˿ˣʱŲ⡣

Ͼϰǳ˳ˣʱԼҲԼ˸ѻӱ˴˰

ѦٺǸĹעһ֮ķչûʲô˿

ȫȻ֪ü˶ʱһ١

ԱüͷֱСӡôƫƫͲԸء

ⳬٸǵ૵үүֶȥˣôûŪء
ԤУʱǸѲĶ֡

Ӻòᣬ춪ôˣٳǰˡȴ뿴Ҳܿꡭ
һʱ֮䣬ֻʱ꾹ȻԽԽ
ʱǸԵģҲͣȵ

Ǹʱʱүķ˿ˣֱ̫û۹⡣

һϣҲΪ¹ȴԭϵˣһὣҲϢ

һήľûòˣҽԺѹҲԭҲֹˡ
ٿʱķ⣬ɻ𵱳һʱ⡣

Ϊʲôزء

ԻֵȻҲЩ¥鿴һۣȥϴˣ㺰סѦ١

Ѧٿܣʲô¡

и㡣Ի˵ƽڼұܸǸʱ꣬Ҳôദģ

Ѧ˵Ȼɣ˭ʱء
˵ͷǵģû
ʱôŵ

Իֵ˵Էһ벻Ծͼиͥ

ʣѦòڣûʶüζƼԪ˧ҹʱԪ˧ȥˣʣ

Ի֣
Ȼ롣

תͷִԼ׵ܵԻ꿡
С꿰ԻʣʱϵͦãƽʱѧУûͥ硣

ûôᣡԻ꿵ʱ˺зִ磬ΪһԪ˧סһ𣬾ɪճġ
һαˡ

ĸҲɱôһῴɫĴڡ

Ի꿻ǵ緹󣬴һ졣ʱ겻̫صʳ

øʱ˴չʵʱ갡ÿ½Ԫ˧סһ𣬾ûʲô

ʱɨһۣû𻰡

ֵôˣ˵˵ֲʲô¡
Ҳǰʱ꣬㲻ǾɼԲԸɣ

ʱЦЦ˵Ԫ˧еĻ˶ȽģֻĹܣ޶ȵı֤˲ᱻ֡

Ҷ֪ܶﶼôɵġ˵˵Ҳ֪£

Ҷ֪İ֪֪ҲӦòʱ˵ͣһ£λͬѧͦ˷ܣȴû뵽һǣԭ򣬾Ϊ˱֤˲ᱻ֣޶ȵı֤˽һıĶô̽Ǽô

˶ʱˣ˵Ͳ˵ôô

ǣƲǡô㶼һסǻһ

Իһ֪ʲô̬Щ˾ôһ˵᲻˼ľʹӦʲô»߾˵ˡ
ʱɲ׾ͱȥˣЦˣҪҿ˵ǽͨ½ͥǱ˵ô̶ȣǽȥģ

ȫĸͬѧ棬˵Ԫ˧ˣԻ꿵ݳױ¶֮ʱ򻹻ԻһЩŵϰߣͨ᲻һױСʱǲǾݷ񵽼ʲôģȴûͼʱʹ½ͥ
ԭѵǲô϶Ǻģкܶͬѧ½ͥԲзֱۣĽʱܹסԪ˧

ϸڣȴǴδй

Ȼʵں棬ʱ겻ǲ˵ϾǩͬԼҲɵӣ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵˵޹ʹҲʲô
˼ûʣҲᡣ

ڽȴǲͬǰЩзִͬѧֱ̫ûˣһھаܣ·˵Ƶġ
ˣʱк̬ȲŹ֡

һأʱ굹δѧУ½ͥ
ҲǴοʱһ½ͥʵǿ´Ҷ֪˵ЩƵҲǶ⿪ŵģ˭Բʲô

Ի꿵ôˣ磬㲻ǼΪʱѣװɣҸ˵ʱˡ

ѣԻֵȷͦѵģһһ

ǰᣬĵһ˲˷Ȼٸпռ豸
һ˻ɲ

Ҳ½ͥҪˣԻǸλãܱ֤ʱơ

ǱߣʱϷ˸Ƿײϴԡ½ͥ
´һԼϰѵһĳԡڣſȴ¡

˵ϰ尡㵱ʱΪʲôֱӾҲˣǿǿռʯ׼ʽӦǱǱҪء
ϾԻֶء

½ͥ˵㲻˵ˣô˵϶ɡ

ʱ⣬ҡ

ǰ½ͥ첲ϵļ⣬ӲӲģٿԼſſģҲһͱ½ͥСء
ˣиοɻ͸֪ˣҪʲôгء

Ұοãʱ׼ݡ
һתƼԱߵͻȻţ˭ȴͻȻˡ

û룬ΪңȻҲ֪ǸԻֵġ

ԻһžƼĻ棬˲ָš˻
ԼұһΪԼղŶֵĻ棬ʮֵȷš

ǱԻ룬ǾԵ޹ʵĴЩǲЩԣϸִ˹

ԼֵܣԻֽʱҲûע⣬һ߽һֹһ䡣
Ȼ˰

Ի꿶ʱ磬ʲôϲô
裬Ҫͷˡ

ԻֶʱϽסס죬Ҳҡ

㻹˭Ի꿵ʮˣҲ֪Ҹ󡭡ˣ˭ոҴʱ꣬òᡭ

Ի֣
ᡣ

磬ʱͦõģҲͦõģҾȷʵ

һҲ䡣Ի
ܲ
Ҳ뱻ȥȻ졣

ʱĸˣ˭ӡ

ԻܣðԵܲãʱѹһҲԵˡ
ġ

 61 



Իһڸĸֵܵıжȹû֪, ڶһ磬վɾٱ̸ȥˡ

ֻܴԻ꿵ڶʱòѰе֪, Ӧû½ͥܶʱ궯˼˵ȥ

ΪԻʵǣҸˣôǲǺܰԵܲá

, ܱˡʱһ߿һ˵ұͦ, 滹иӾأ绹ҹȥȦ

Ի꿣Ҹ, һ࣬˵ûɣ

ûаɣʱһ£˵ȷû, Ӧû˵Ļ
, Ĳ˲ҳǸ׼зϧˣܲ, ζ

, ǱԻҲû, ½ͥ㰵ҰסˣΪæʵܰﵹæֽſ׷СҲаɣ

½ͥü˵˵ʲôأ, ϴ軹˵ôҶ󡣡

Իֱּˡ
ʲôƱܣ, ôô

˵ǰǳԴװ˼Ůͬѧ͵Сûˣǳ˼ʣ˼첲
ʱ϶ǻûʲô˼С굥úܣҪҲſھб˽ҡ

ȫûʶƯСΪʲôû˵ġ

Թ緹ʱ˺Ի꿵ͨѶΪǸóˡɴĴƱһСʱ֮ģٲ߾ͻ󴬡

ϾҪǰСʱǴԶʱȫü

Ҳ֪ⳬٴŰӺһҹ뷨ˣʱ׼ȥ֮ڻȥķɴûǡ

ǿһˡ

ǲϣѦЩȷ

ʱŻͷһۣһʮģˡ֪ģ˾һϣʮͣͷѾסŴīͿ֣̫
㶼ϵóʱ꾪

ѦٵϿǵݵĻʦϧ

ʱ̧ͷϧ

ϧ⣬εȾϸ⣬ҲһˡѦ˵𣺡ȻҩѧҲˣѧҩӦ
ʱDزģǰѵһţǰȴţS+ľڵʱһ

һûʱ㶼֡Ѧ˵˵µʱֵüвٴԣټ٣ֱ治塣

½ͥ˵µ֡

Ԫ˧Ȼ鷢ʱûѦ˶飬˼ҹϳ½ͥȻҲһ֪
Ѧ֪Ķ࣬Ͼ½Ԫ˧ֵ׳ꡭ

Ļʦ˭ҪҺԽݡʱԼǡɳ˵¹˲ϣҸ׸һֱսϣû

ˣȲԽҡ
ʮֻȣԽʤһ½ͥʱľͻȻ⡣ϵɣͬѧʳ涯ֽš

ʱʵǸͬѧȴָʹģΪòͻٵ

½ͥ˵ͷ

ǸԳ˿ĻţҪôκҵҪôҪϽһ
½ͥǺܴģһִ伣ֱڶûҵõ

ʱ룬߿ɲǺ£ǲ뱩¶ԡ

λܵǱ߿һֶۣԷ߶һӶ˷ʽˡ

УѦٲ˵ؼ㸸װµô⡭

ʱ꿴ԣǸס

Ǽ֮󣬲İ͵ʳˮʱȴȷеݹȥĳʳ
̬֮㲻϶׽ҲԲİˡ

ѦٿЩ𾪣û뵽ȻĶӡ

ʱ꣺ʶ

Ѧٵ˵ͷ̫ʶˣͬһ磬˼ѧָӣɼλһУһ͸Ԫ˧Ӵˣҵ˳µĽ½ҾѾٽˡ

Ŷ½ֵͥµ˰

֪˵㸸װ£ûϸʣû뵽
ǵôҪʲô£

ȥΪʲôҲǰӦǳſռʯɣʱͻȻڣҲȥˣڽ棬̫ۣûע⵽

Ѧ𾪵ǰɣԿռʯȤϲǲܡ

˭֪ء
ʱջĿ⣬Էȴܾ׼ȷ˵ǸеٽܾѾ˹

Ǻܿģ˫ͶһԵĲΧһ

ҲժīͿ֣½ͥ½Ԫ˧ɺá

ӻ½ͥ

ʱ˳˿Ǹ˵˸½Ԫ˧н飿
ͼѾЦŵҳ֮Χߵɢ˸ɾҪβҪ֤ǲף½Ԫ˧һѡ

Ѧٲ֪£С˵£λ֮ӵ٣Էȴһڻؾ׼½ңҲⷽԭڰɣ

ԥõģֻУҵѾ֤һ㡣ĵ۹ʤ꣬û˰ѡο飬½ңһǱȽεġ

⵹ġ
Ѧ룬ЩͨһĻã֮ģǱȻᱻᣬиֶǲȺ

ʱꡭ
һ̤½ͥҩѧϵݱ¶Ҳû˴⣬ɲֹֻа׼Ǳ߳۶ӡ
ֻǳȥ׼⣬ʱѴĶ类½ͥ˶ԡ

ǣ
ѦͻȻ𣬡ٽ½ҾʱӦǲϵİɣ

뿪̫ǰĴţ㻻֣½Ԫ˧æ鱾úϸ£ѧ˵Ϣļмǿһأײ鲻
Ͼһиӣ״ϻۣΪ˴Ҳ⣬Ա⡣ǺӾͲһˣֻ֪ͷ£ǣ

ʱͻȻƣ

˵ͷЦ˵Ǻ㣬˵ܴһȻ˰

ʱ꣺һ¡

ϾʶĽʲôģҲһơϵλһһһ𱻷ܹȦ

״̬һҪҪȥҰģһУиܵܽҲ

Ѧ٣ĶУ

ԡƵӲУһУķΧ̫ʺУ̫עĿʵҲûʲô

ʱһٰ쵽˶첻飬УĵһУһУһͨѧ

ʱҲƵģӶǶԷվ콱̨Ц󡣵Ȼе챻ץסûУ󣬶Էһί˵뵱ɱӺʱģ

Ǹ浥Сãֲüҳġ

±ԽԽã죬ΪʲôͻȻ˵ˡʱͻȻ

½ͥҲ˹ȥҲûʣġ

ҲҵˡҾãͬѡãϾǱĺܺá˵⻰ʱʱһۡ

½ͥͷһѦٰŵġ

˵ͷƻǺݣִСҽ̵պδػҵ١

½ͥ˵ͷǰʱ˵ĻγΪ˿ռʯ

ԡ˵ͷЩһֱûзƳһ»ףпܳԽī

⻰һ½ͥ𾪵Ŀ˹ȥ

īǿĻףҲ½ͥõġ
һ̨ܹͬīᲢ۵Ļ

Ѧٸ𾪵ǡ

ҵľǷˡĶڣЩһֱŲ»죬ͻеۣīʱһ㾫衣

˵ţʱ򿪹īֿһۻһЩ֪ʶ
ü죬֪ܿī׵Ĳͬ

īǵһλʦĵ֮ͬһڿյȻīǿĵȻչԣѰSʻǵS+ӵһֱ˵˵ľٸЩīʵҲٶȸ

һ㣬аֱ࣬½ͥճĴﵽ˫Sտ϶⾹ġ

Դˣīһٷ޻ܹԽ

ʱ˽ֿ֮ߵԵĶ˵īӦ˿ռʯڻϵģȻԴزô

ȻһܳԽīȻҪռʯ

ұԸˡԭռʯȥһΪȴ·ת½Ԫ˧Ӧѿռʯо㡣

⵹ǸԲѿռʯ㣬㽫Ҫá

ҲҪ嵽ʮɣҾûˣһͨˣͨ˺ܶණܻϾû˾Щ棬Ҫķѱ˸ʱ䡣

½ͥʱһۣû˵ʲô
ѵõģѦҲάסԼı飬ûռ似Ѿигоɹˡ

ֻҵסĵطôҪҰŵطô

˵ͷǾòˡ
Ȼ㲻Ʋ̫塣οǶ˵ֻҪһվȥһֲУǵµµģҲˣȻȻĽ½ͥİš

Ҳûйߴ٣ֻ֪Ҫǣ㿼Ǻˣҡ

˫̸֮ѦٸѰס
֮ǰסǸСǼǱ߶ȫɼ˹ȥС

еļҲûסһ

û뵽ȥ·ϣѦ̲סֹû뵽ϾȻûзһıڳ˳ɾ͡

ʱ½ͥҲ̸飬˭˲˵ء

ɼҪ֣ܻнʱԼ궼ҪˣƫƫӲǳյȵ˰СҲӲ̻ԼһС
Ҳ˺ģףܻһ

ˣǰôһҶռ似£и˰ܻ̺ܳʱء

½ͥһۣû˵

ʱһ

ΪֳûᣬԾܲᣬʶûһ
ϾһʣϳɾҲɵġȫǼǸҲǼ򵥵ģ϶ɡ

ȻúõģƿصĿռ似ôᱻ

½ֲֻͥˣ̫ʵʣ˽֪

ϰ塣ʱͻȻû˵һŲദʵˡ

ûС½ͥǵһ

ҲǣϾ˴ӾŶŵˣ˭ע⵽ʲôأ
ʱһķ˵Ѧٰɣ컰ô࣬㶼ôˣһϴοƼˣ˵ˡ


˵ط½ͥţ㵹ǲ¡

ǡ
ʱɵȥһܰô
ֽϻһ
ȵȣʲô񡭡









 62 



ʱվ, ͷ½ͥ

·̧ͷһۣö϶Էûüջصôо, 񡭡
ʱݲ̫ûôȴܾЩΣա

½ͥ, ֪ô, ͣһƺһ̧˷, ˳˳š
ûʲôǾͦ½Ԫ˧ҲǾӢ˲ţʵǿͬʱĻγɼʵҲ, Ȼȴһʱȴ֪Ҹʲôʱꡣ
˵֪Σգֻ̾Ϣܰô

ȷ, ڵȷܰô

ʱ걻⻰˵÷ģҲǣֽϻܰôء

ЦЦ, ͷͳ˱

½ͥһվŷһĻ
, ȷܲʱڵ, ·ֹһֱôȥôã죬á

мʱС, ôĶ

ԻֵĻڶߣʱûгϡȻŲһ죬ͱžž졣
Һû˿

ǱʱѾָӻȥ, ·һ쵽ŸҪһԡ
ʳѾ˳ӵ

½ͥվűߣȻԶҲ֪Լϲʲôġ
һ֮ǰ˸˵ϲôһڵģʲôϲؾصˣԲš

ʱգۼһӣͷ˹ϰ壬ôˣͻȻֵֹģΪҿô
ңôû˿ƽ׽˰ɣ

½ͥûûŴ쵢Ĺ£ȥ˺ѵ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱˣСӼֱǡ
֪

֪ʱĳһ٣Ȼȥʵǧٻ֭Һ㶨˳ָԼ˸Ǭ
Ͼһ½ͥˣʮʹ죬ǮѾ

Щٱȥˡ

ԵЩΪǱæһֱû½ͥ½Ԫ˧ûϸһֱæ˲һԷ

ʱûԭȵǸǬûʳת棬Ȼ̵¥ȥˡ

Ѧɫӡ
ԷôŪ

½ͥ˵ǰԹһ١
ԣ϶˿һʱŪ꣬Բǰһ٣һˣǣҲ

Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ѦһãǰԲоʱأ
ô

˾ȻԷû飿ż㣬͸㶨ˣ

һռļ۸ֱƫ㻹˵̣Ͼ۸񣬶ǮҲġ
ֻ˵֪ʶƸҲ̫׬ˡ

ƺþãûʱᵽǮ˰ɣѦ૵
ǵøտʼʱ򣬶ԷΪ򣬻ŸǿҩǰҲ˰ɣ

ֱȡ

ʱȷѾôעǮˣȥԼʻô㡣
˸Ƿ༶Ⱥ˵һԭڱԹ˵Щǳû¸ɾͶűˣõġ

ʱϸһƣԭΪ˵Լ׺ų˵Ǳ߲һֱûüߣͱ˵ʲôż˼ѹû¡

һʦĿ˼ҳ˵㿴˼Ҵô

һ˰ɣûߡ

ô˵ϲʱˣհףȴ׵ͼĸȥġ

ҶǸֻ᲻ˣϾڻս棬½Ԫ˧˵ùȥʱꣿʲôЦأѵǷܸ½Ԫ˧סһ𣿡

Щõӵľ͸øӵӣɱĸΪάͥгҲֻܱάȻǲТʱֱӺӡ

³һѵĹƤ̵ĳһڵĹӣſЩ˵ƸпЩ˰ô˵ǰԼȥ۲ۡ

˵꣬˹ԣȥϷңϷա

һߣǱѦپ͵õϢ
Ԫ˧

طȻҲһ

ЩŵѾʼڼʱͬʱڱעзϢʱҵXXXʮֲ֪ûȤ߸Ĵõġ

ʱ걾Ǵ߱Լ򵼣Щ˱ˡײϵһˡ
λүӣһ

ңȥʱЪƿԼݵ˼һӣظ

ڼˣûü˾Ϳ
һ㶣ǴʲôôԼռȻȼˣϽ̸ףʲô߻ᾡ㡣

ʱ룬ظҸ׼гôܰҰѰ׼Ҹɵɣ
һ˭֪
׼ҲǺöҲǣǸʲôģǰ׷ˣŸô

ʱҲ׷׷ӦҪ

ɺߣοʡ

ʱɴ˺ϵͳֱҵȣǮһ߲ʵģͬһɫһӳݲ㲻ֳȡ

˷ʱ䣬û
ˣʵڲĵĿԵһȣʱһڼҾ밲ϷOK

һӺѲػģɹֹһַҪӴеˡ
ʵϣȶһЩҪҵˣʵûʲôȰ˵Ч

׼ңǾ뷽跨ˡ

³豸ҲûôԱģǵ豸ǺųƻʹIPܲ鵽ô

鲻һĨһ˵Էƺʹ˸һķ豸ֲȥ

һߣз豸ү˵ȷˣλøϴҵһ½Ԫ˧ϡ

Ѱǰʱдģƣ׼óȥ½õġ߲ŸŪһЩʱ飬ʱһ¡
Էǻ̫죬ֻü׽һ£ֻа˳ɿܣȴȫȷ

ֱΣʱʱ䳤ҲѾǳ죬һٳɹ

ȥλʱҲƺôɣ˳ָˡ
е

ү˵ǾͺãͷҸʱ䣬ⶫ½Ԫ˧͹ȥɣǱӦͦҪġ
˵ָпܼⷽȴѧָӡ

ָҲûʲôõġеҼﶼǼͣܵиܴİɡ
ǲϼͣϾ½Ԫ˧ţǲ֪ǵ֪һЩ

˵ţ͵õСϢ

ȷе˵СϢܶ˶Ѿ֪Ǹ׺ȷܾˣֻһ
˵Ϊ׼г𣬾Ҹ׼ҹϵãҲʲôö

У
үԾˣԭˣ˲ŲΪ˱Ϊ

ò˵ȻıˣǵĽȴû
ʱΪ䣬ǲˬ

ȻһԱ˶ɵˡ
ͬǼгôᣬôһĶͬǼҲԸʱ²Ըķ˿Ҳųͬг

ԱǱҲ磬Ϊô£ǻɹʲôҾⷽ顣

˵Ǵݵˡ

ԹȺڸǷ׷׸п

׼г𰡣϶ǰ׼ǰûʲô£ܺ߻ܸһģ

Ϊʲôʱ꣬ǰ˵ʱǮȻЦҪиң˳һôƯҲ

ư˰ûˡ

ɶе˵ĵ˾ѣͽС

ֻҪйͬĵˣǾ츸ĸֵܡ

Ҳ׼ҲԸôû취Ӫ̫ˣһȥɣ

ǰǻ˳Ц˵˼ѹʱĻôⲻ˾ˣ۲

ʱһҲûߣˣʲô㣬˭˳ץô
óʱûϷˣֻͦģʱ굱˴˼

ʹ죡
ʱʱС

Ҫǰ϶ҪŴ˵³һӮġԴӿʱѽ̹ѹŴĻ棬Ѿ֪򲻹ֻܱĽܿ佱

Ǳ½ͥѦȻҲߣʱĺѾˣǱͨɵʻҪҪһ

ʱܾˣô˵ģ𼱣ͷл͵͵Ĵŵ̫ˡˣ⻰ɲõǣ˭ʶ˵ֱӾܾˡ

ɵ˵ͷҶ

ǶС˵ŻһԵȥˮֵ͵͵˵ʲôأǲ˵һ

ʱһû⻰

ǱѦٵõظ½ͥһ˵ҲСʤĶأô󣬲˿Ҳ

ΪʲôǲĿ֮½ͥ
Ͼ½Ҿ֧Ȼ⣬ںܶеǿһӵ˴룬Ǽ¡

Ѧһ㶣Цˣôܣ

½ͥʵɷͬһ㣬ǾϾܱȵ˵ġ
ǺȻݣϾûѵҲûϹսء

Ӯû֮ǰ˭˵׼˼Ҿ;ԼӮء½ͥҪһӶĺ⣬Ȼпܵȷˡ

ѦȴЦˣпܰϾ׼гǶкøУˡ

ᵽ£½ͥһЩ
£׼Ǳһʼ¡˵˶Ű׼ң⣬ϴβ˵иķѰIPôʲôʱܳܲá
ǵȰ׼һҵˡ

ѦԱȥϵˣǿ͵ѾˣҪõĻ͹ȥ
˶٣ⲹһ䣬½ҾˣȻ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵

ǰ½ͥʱϽ˼ҪãҲ֪ȥˡ
ȻҲ̬ȡ

Ѧ⻰ȴЩ֣ǿϣ²Ҵ
˵˾䣺ĹͿ϶ġ
ʲô˵ġ

˵½ͥʱ̲סһ£ȻǸָӵģ˼Ҳ̫ϸˡ

ȵȡ½ͥ˵ظһ飬ʱô˵ģ

Ѧٲԣ˵ˡ

½ͥ룬ʲô˵ʲô˵⻰ôе֡
Ѿˣ

Ѧ٣ǵģһ˵͹
ôԪ˧

½ͥüͷ˵ûʲôˡ

Ȼʱ겻ԸҲûϷٶͣϾȥᣬ·ϵ죬ЩļȷҪŴġ

ȵʱϷҹʱ߲㴦ꡣѦҲҪ뿪Ƽûס˵ˣ
Ǹķ˿ˣ͵ɣ϶Ǹڱ

ʱ꣺Լ˵ô˵ͻ㣬ʵǸ򵼡

ѦپǸ翹ƫƫ˵ֻƵĶһ䣬һܶλˣʱû˵ˡ
Ȼͻؼȥ˯ȥˡ

½ͥʱ⸱ŵģɺϵʱڣԼеǾ仰

ã죬Ǹνķ˿Ӧòˡ

 63 



½ͥ뷨û, ʱȻڶ;Բˡ
ץǰͨ籨ţ

ѦٰϵһɵӡʱԷʱֹ˾䡣

½ͥ

Ѧٰҧ, ĵʱһҪķڷ

аʱ˳칫ĵطԪ˧װһ, ҽ˴ʹ÷
ŵʱ, ˳ɹ̫ʱꡣ

ʱϲɹ̫, ʱ䲻æ棬ǳɹ̫ʱˡ

Уʱк, װ

е˵ͷ, ˿߻֪
ͬһ棬Щ£ȥ, ʵǺסġ

ԣʱӦҲ֪Ǹν˿ô, ˵ʱ˻, ȴƺδֳõݼˣȫһ㼼ġ
սʿǵĴУԷȷǸݽɫ

ûץ, һʵû˵£ܰ˼˶ڽҽԺ

ʱ߹һƬ, ʣô

ҡҡͷ״ԺͿԳ׵ķˣһװϵͳһȫģ˭Ҳֽ

ǻͦãϰӦͦҪ⹦ܡʱһԼνģˣɣùô

˵ڴԼûôҵǸԳ˿Ԫ˧£
ҪڣǱѦٺٽе⣬һ¡

гʱ˵ͷȹȥһ¡

ʱ˻֣ʾ⡣

бȥˣߵ·ͻȻͷһۡʱ֪ĥʲôĿ̧ͷ¶һõЦݡ
бҲЦˡ

룬˰Ǹ뵽ǸҲ˫Sʱʱүķ˿ߵϿĳ˵
ǴԽԽ࣬ǿơ

Ļǲǿţ֮꣬ܿҵˡ

нݣʱ۾룬ȻӦû¶ɣ
Ҳ̽һ䣬Ҫ汩¶ˣѦĻǰ˼ڱ¡

ǱߣŪãѦĥȭƣʹҵˡ

˵ûߣڶҲûߡ

Ѧ٣

ϵһƬ֣Щ˵ϵˡ

ǰôòߣһ°

ߣΪͦʱİɣǰˣ

ʱ꿴˵ôţҰԼ
û뵽û˵ʲôԷ͸ҵ˽ڡȴ֪ͷѦȴ̾Ϣֹⶫôûһ쵽ء

½ͥͻȻϷʹٹһô

ˣһѦһʼ֪ѹûʹ֮IPַܵĵطԷӦİ취Ұ۳Ϸչһ顭ֹǣûȻЩ£Ҳⷽˣһû

½ͥȥģͳȥأ

ͳȥУų̂һԼˡѦٶ÷עֱӾʹǱ߼ɻҪһ̨ȻԻСҪ̨һ̨Լˣһ̨δ¾ʣһ̨͵ʣǸʱġ

Ѧ룬ⶼòġ

½ͥȴҪʱ䣬һȻ͹ʱ䣬ʱǸ˿һߵʱȫһ졣

ٲ¥ԼϷյʹȻհʱѹûù
ļǵãʱʱϷġ

뵽ġ

½ͥ˵Ҳ֪ԻϷյ¡
ڱ򵼣Ҫ⾫һS+˫SˣôܲصһҲ¶

ֻʱ꣬˶ΪD򵼣ʵľʵ֪˶١
ڵ֪һʱǲҪˣ˵˿Ǹ򵼡

˵Ǳúܺá
ǰָʱСϸһ룬ָϵģʵûҩͻϵôУ˵ķǸʱķ˿

Ӧ֪ͨԪ˧ֻΪ˲ġ

ʵҪȷе֤ҲУһʾˡƱػöԷʲôҲûҪ

ֻǣ
Ѧ٣ԺǱܸʱҪ˵Ǹڱˡ

ѦٵԪ˧ԽԽƫˡҸ˵СŵúܣóС
һŵģ½ͥ棬ȥ

½ͥϡĿ˵㵱һĿѵʱŰ˿Ūô
ĿĶﵽˣҲû˵Ӯôôô⡣

ˣȻһǶѴȥ˭㡣

˵öԡ½ͥ˵ǲƫġ
͵֪ˣ㵽ʱҪôޡ

Ѧ˿֪գʮָˣԼǸԪ˧ģԪ˧еĵλʱܱȵġ

ͬǣ׼տһֱڳ飡

ͲԼЩ꣬ǰ˶ʮ꣬ʮˡ

ֹϵģǱˣһЩС˽Թ
һ飬ԱЩܲס

ûһö֪ȴ֪ǳܣҲˣôİѱ

ڶʲô£û漰ҲѹùȻǰʱĶ磬ܵҪ˸ȥ

УȻٲ˰ӺĴڡ

Ҳֲõ·ô˳˵ĻѦٵǸӺѧУûٵˡ
Ѿڼ˵ʦ̵

½ͥصļЦһٽҲá

˵ҲǡѦ롣
ʮˣԸඨԣСɵϰô׸ĵģοҪƽء

׼Ҳ˵ҿ϶ǲ׷ġ

˵׼ЩˣûһģӺ֧ܿ֡
Ѧ٣׷˶ȥˣӺڰ׼ңΪô

׼ҾȻҲãƻǿҵϣ
ͰӺɵЩ£ֹ׼ѵǱҲ绰һ١

ȻЩѦٲûȷϢֻע֮ԱԱ˸ͨѶ˵ʲôֻ֪ɫá

ɣȥ£˲ţòǵһϵģռȻ˼˵Ǽҹɣ׼ҹϵ̫ãҸǼгԹ
Ҫ˫Ƕĺˣþпܡ

ֻ˵ʱķ˿Ȼһ˷ֱš

ŵʱŸʹһϷֱֹ֮¾ȥʵʵս
ϴξۻʱǼҾƵ꣬ʮֲ

˵ǱߵļػֻڲԱ˲ģ͸ˡ

͹ȥˣײԻ꿡

¾ģͬеĻɺһˡʱ꣬Ի꿻£˵ô

ڣ͵ܳġʱ˵ҵһˣûôˣҲ˿ҡ

Իһ£ǣ
ʱ겻Ǹױˮݵô

Ŷ˵ǲТӡʱһȻû뵽С˵ˣ˵ϰ壬磬ܶɲ͸Ƶô

Ի꿣ŶǺǣðɣ
תƻôˣĵϲ

ǣġʱ˵ϴûʹ죬׼һΡ¾һȺˣҲǰɣ

Ի˵棬ǱԼ˼ѣ׼ȵʲôġ

СʱʹӦ

Ǳ¾Ҳ׼ȥ·˫һ··ϣٲͬʱ׽ˣֻƽƽȣһͬڱһ㣬ɰͰ͵ʣ
ҪһôʱǿԱ㡣

ʱ꿴һۣĬĬ˵һ䣺á

󣺡Ŷ

ģɰɸЦˣǰʶ˼ҵʱˣ˰ɣ

һۣʲôϵôЦҵô

Ц˵һɣ߾˽飬һûʲôϷġģ˵ļ򣺡СӲٶ˼ˣҲûǸ˼

ʱȴҡҡͷһ˼Χм䣬ȥһû˼

аɣô˵ˣҲûǿ

ڱ򵼵Ļ¼Ƿֿģ˫ʱֿʱȥ·İһͷ׾˳

ǱһȺҲ˳˵ϲˣȺͻ֣ҪǣͲ㡣

ʱ꣺Ŷ
ȴʱָסˣܻӡ

ڴѾвˡ
һؿȥ˱Ƚ϶࣬ϴΣиһУͶУĴƴڡ

ʱֻɨһۣڿʼ˽ȥ

Ǳһһ·ͨ裬ʵǶңңȣűûʲôϷ顣
ǸҪֿ߰ɣûʲôǿƶ֡˵

¾С

Ȼ߸շֿʱ꣬Ȼɻܡ
ϾϴιѾôˣʱִΪȻǶ֡

󣺡
ûϴǴǸ

ͬһͬ顣̭ܸ֮ͬ鴫ϢҶ̭ѡ֣˵ûʲôӰˡ

˾ϴǸҲһʱ䲻ȻǿˡǼѵһ£һΪе

˰ɣ˼ϴûȫɡ

߰ɣȥˡ

һ£˭

ʱѹûЩµ
Ͼϴξͱ¹һء

ΪϷ飬ûʶȫ۾һ·նֱòˣ׼ǰȥ

һ·Ȼߵſڣͷһ̭ģ
һʱ˾䣺ôһ󣬡Ӧȫ˰

˵һ֣ϴδһҪ˭ʲô

˵û뵽ҾȻûһľáָϴһֻǳ

˵䣬Ǳֳһˡ

һݣԣʱһ¾ϳǸոձܵˡ
һ·ٵܳˣʱ˳͹˲ˣϽȥʣ
ҲǱһ˸ɵģ

ˣ

һ˵ͬ˰

ԶԶԡе˵ֵܣҰһû˵ˮƽҵʲô棬ⲻ۸ô

󣺡ȿȣ
ʵҲ㲻ȫҵ࡭ֻεİӦȥ

һҲˣĥأǱҲһˡժͷһã˸Ͻʵǿ쿴ֻǲëȻ˵ǵһ

һǵһ¾Ƕ˹ٶ죬һ䣬һ㵱ʱǼشʱ򣬿ɲôһ޹ãСģ

ֻϵݣȷǵһ
㾹Ȼһṷ̂

ûа˵ҵһȥ·ˣ·ûãͷԼһˡ

ˣ

ʱҲһȣû뵽©ľȻôһϷСס

ϷСһãҲܴġҪֻü٣治Ǹˡ

㿴ҿ㣬ʲô׵ġ

˼ժֻˣǿܻûϳϾʱɻͦ˵ġ

󣺡ܳ˸ˡ

 64 



, ʱҲ磬ұ׼극ٻȥ
ʱҲһ

ϴͬѧǳԷҵ꣬ζͦġ

Ȼʶ, Ǿһˡ

һжǮˣ͵һӣΧһ߳Աġ
Ҫ˵ǰ顭

̫, һûж˭ζûµ

Ļ, ܰǶô

˵⵽˭ⱾҲûʲô, Խǲ֪Խúܡ

ʱԻһŬϵʳܶ
, 롣

ɲ֪ô, ͻȻ˹
ϴ˵ģһЩ죬ȴ벻˭ϸ, ȴмʱģ
Σʱ궼, ų

ʱꡣϲЩô, ϣ

Ի꿵϶ʱɲôУѧУȦȦʮȦʦ˵ˣʮȦ

ʱһΪҵһûӦŷУ档

ŷһ, ôȻ
㶼ʲôˣ

ʱ̧ͷһۣ봩У, ôˣ

󣺡
ûûʲôԭΪΪѧУҲɶ¶ʦУһˮϴɶġ

ʲôءʱһ۾Ϳ뷨ôô
ʦصԾͦõġ

󣺡

Цû취㵱ʱðױͺһƣԺӡ̫ɶ뵽

ʱ꣺
һģ֪Ӳãû뵽ôð

˲ɴЦ󰡣˰㲻а

ȥȥȥôǻҪҪ⡣

ôˣɲЩźδ̫ˡ
ʱȴʱʮȦԣҷַ꣬ʲô¶ֻҪܲУʮȦС

ͦá´һɣ㵱ƿһЩСУҲý̽㡣

˵꣬״ƲĿʱ꣬ȴԷȻӦˡ

аʱ˵һ٣´νȥǰȷһûǸҪڣһǼһ˰ɣ
Ͼ˶Ŀ󣬸ǳø졣

ҲǡҲǣȻѡӶôôôӲġ

ջĿ⣬Լˡ
Ӧʱꡣ

Ҳǣһ򵼣ǿЩҲǿֵزǡ

ʱԼһźʨͷһȻѧָӵģһѣһҲɰ

׻±ӵŰɣ

Եòʱˣԭ½ͥġ
ʱٽԼ٣½ͥ˵һѦȥ㡣

ʱ꣺С

Ա߱ӵıԻ꿣

ͨѶˣ̲סױܰҲ˵ͱܣ͸ûƵġ

ʱ꣺Ҫ㣿

Ի꿣δͣõ㡣

ʱһ̯֣ǲ͵ˣʲôᡭ˭ͨѶȻˡ

᲻ʲôûġ
ǣʱٴһ˵ꡭ

ͼʱ꿴һİĹԺſһʶǸТñ˵ĹԴģ

Իһã֪˭ˡ

ҪƵĿܻ磬ҪֱٵТӵλãǿ϶ǰױˡ

Ի꿣ô

ҳꡣʱ˵źһӳǵǽȥ

ˣ

˽ⲻТ۵˶Щ֣˭
Ŀ׿ĵֲأԶ˵ʱ׼ҹϵ

ˣױͻźŴ

⵱Ҳ̫û˰ɣ

󣺡ҵʲôʱÿζֱӺ𡭡

ʱɨһۣǲТô

ҡͷ
ʲôЦȻɤŴ󣬵ҲһǻǸ軹ҪһͷźģͶԶ˭Ҫ˭ɵ

ȳ극˵ѦٶʱʱƵĽͨͨѶ

İױͿɫ֪òᣬ˲ͣĲţէһ½ͨ˶ûӦ
һ˵ӣˣ

˵ǣǵģˡ

ױ˹ʱһԳԱģһôŽӣȴסˣΪʲôŽӡ
ȴ˺ܶ࣬͸ŹɹĽӲС

ʱ꣺ʶĺţթƭ绰׼һٻȷµġҲû˭ƭңŽˡ

ױͣ
˵˵Сӡ

뵽ĳԼЩ׼״̬ûʱĻӲº͵ʣʲôʱؼҡ

ʱһĿһʱ֪Ϊ̬㣬Ǹ˵Բôʲôʱ˵Ҫذ׼ҡ

Ѿڰ׼ңҪӺҲʱȥ㡭

ʱ꣺ȵȣʱңһ˶ӻʱȥٽӻɣȻûȥʱҲ⻰òᡣ
ȥǹİɣ
ⲻ֪ĻΪҲҰ˵֣òؼ̣ġȵȣɣ
ܳһױͱɫʱ׹ܻĲ¶ˡ

룬Ҳûпܡ

ϾԭӺȷͦҪȻһôҲԭġ
˿ûѪԵϵ˳ûܣο˵ĸױЩƣǰûж롣

һ䣬ȴͻȻӦʲô

ʱҲͨѶûңǰһ˾Ѧ٣һĵԼƬֵ˰Ӻġ
ٶŰױ͡һˣٿһƬٿһˡ

ʵˣĵطȻƶŴĸףȻüëǣüë񣬶üΣȻ񡭡һ˲ע⵽Сϸڣע⵽ҲкûŴŮӱȽ϶üִһˡ
ױ͵ƬһĻüëŴ㰡üξġ
ʱֿ˿ûҵƵĵطŸпһ㣬ûôԱÿ

ǰѦٱֶʻúúõģһ䣬ֱһЩܵȥ
ϽסеԶʻ

ÿô𾪵

ʱ꿴ѵôҲȰӺÿˣ

⵹ġ
Ѧ룬ǰƬÿĲôԣϾŴϵʱӺȷʵռơԴӵʱ꿪ʼⷽѾˣʱ괩·ܻͷȻͬˡ

ʱ޻˵ż԰˲ֹⲻТӻڳ죬ӺҲǣҸԽԪ˧ñӵʱ䣬൱簡

ӺͰɣʱ룬Ӻԭ񻹴󼸸ذɣ

Ӿ֪˹ʱԶԶ֪Ҫʮꡣ

ʲô鰡ʱûסֹȢʲôôǵ첻ƮһƮŴ̼ɣ

ױԭΪ±ֿҪ߳ŭ⻰ҵʱϲģȻҲô͸顣

ʱû뵽شϸһ̣ĶĵҪô졣

㻹統أһʼơϲȢȴû¾Ϳʼ¹⣬˵˸ӡ
ϲôϲ

ʱŹ֣ױʵڿס벻׵ˣҲľ͹ͨѶ
κι֮󣬻һͷͳɲӣ·˶ôĹϣ֪˶ôˡ

ױͣ

ֳô׵

ǱʱҲһ׵ӣֲλ׷˶ȥˣӺƿȴڰ׼ҡǰΪǰ׼ҸҴʲôЭ飬Ÿһܳص㲻ǣǸˡ
һԭ˼Ҿġ

Ǿѹ˰

Ѧٱأôãôûء
ֲԽλһҲͬӺϵģ˵ʵǻе̫š

ǵʱңʱüʵ

ѦٵȻ
Ͼʱģͬ׼ҹϵǿ϶ģС裬ڵܹίʵܺߡ

еĶͬ׼һ·ȥҲ϶ﲻ֪ô

ӺԽȻͲһˡ

Խҵ˴඼ҽգֻһСѡŻСԽȻҲʱǰԼϼǸˡ
ԽȻȻֻǴ꣬ʵȴԽҵλԪ˧ĵܵܡ

ԽҵʱʣһˣиֶţΪߣֻAû׼·
˭ϵأ׳ֳ֮ҲܿսʱŲʮ

ұʱֵģףаӺ£е֡

˭Ҳû뵽һ꣬Ǳ߰ױ͸Ӻĸ׵˳ԽӺֱӾ͸ȥ˰׼ң˰ס

ԽȻˣһǶԽʵиһʼͲԸߣġһ־鷢ʱֳӲҪ뿪ġ
̫ѦֱӿͨѶͨ½ͥ

£½ͥġ

ϾѦٵҲС½ͥȴСɽӰ½Ԫ˧ҲʲôСӲЩ˽µۣǴ£ϸϸͬһ飬Ȼ󻹹ܽᡣ
µʱֵüȻҲڷΧ֮ڡ

½ͥЩżԽȻʵһֱǺһֱЩ˼ɡ
˼ɣȻǰӺ

ͬʱ׼ҵĳһԽȻӦģȴһ԰Ӻû顣
Ͼһ𳤴󣬼ͱȰӺһ㣬ڱСʱûչ˶Է

һǳԭúףһǰӺҲСôչԼҲֻܸżˡˣԽȻܶĸɲһ㡣
ӺʣվĿ϶Ҹ׼ҡ

˫ûϵʱĽ飬ѪԵĹϵնϵġ
һӺҵһƴǻܱһֱԽȻϵ˵Ҳȴû̫Ρ

˵ԽȻб˵ûô൫ҲԲ̫١ʱǳʲô⣬ԴƻҲӰ죬һʼͲȥ

ʱ˵ͷҲǣңһˣƿأЩɻĵҲ¡

½ͥ

ѦûôõĶֱӵЩŤ˲ӣ㣬֪

ϻʱһֲ̯֣ɵ
ҿȥܴ

ѦٸϽҡͷôܡ
õһСϢ˵λ̳ⳬ٣пʱôܣҪǸӺ

˵ţǱͨѶ

ʱ꿴һۣǲТӡȻʲô¶

ױͣ
ҲģҪ黹û˵Ӳǵǰͨͨڣֱӵ֪㲻ڷʲôôүү׼ú㣬㡭

˵ءʱԭλ̯ˣô֪ԼôЩ꣬үɵǸʲôо

ױ֪ͣ

Ͱ׼״˭֪ģҲֻǵ԰ˡʱ˵һ٣ͻȻ𣬡˵ģҸⳬټʱ̸⣬˼ҲԿúǿɱСʮء

ױ͵ɫʱһһһһ
Ǻ˵˵ȥˣ

ʱ꣺
ôܽк˵˵ء

пܣԸⳬļ䡣Ͼ˵ӵⷽɵò
ױͣƺĻƵġʱװ˵ˣû˵ܻӭ

̸ôȤʱĥһ£˵̣Ҫûа׼ڣ̸ʱ¾ı˾ܾɣ˵Լء

ϰ壬ʱƬôʱͻȻʡ

½ͥô

ʱ˵ǲ˧òҾˣȻôϹܿء









 65 



һʱͦ, ϾͨѶûأױ͵Ĵλεء

½ͥȷӦ½Ԫ˧侲ķƬ, ʱꡣ

ʱֹһҲôϹˡ

ױͣ
ױܲί, ֱӹͨѶ

ʱʱҲ, ½ͥǱ߻û, Ҳûʲô˵˱ͨѶ

һ糣˳һϡʱ̽һԽȻǲ֪Ӻپ˫ҪҪ
ױǱ, ȴֱ˹ԡ

˲ŷӦ, Ǳ˵ģĺűʱתӣֻϵ½ͥ

Ǳ߰ԱѾͨѶ, ȥˡ

ױһӵĻȴû£׸Լ˵Щ, ɵö̧Ƚ鷿ˡ

ʱ, ôˣȥ£ģǲʲô¡
Ŷ, ˼ϷǸʮˣ˵Ǹ׼гԹʵǸɡ

˵˵ױŭ㻹ǺúԼƨɲɾûаɣ

ֵܶһ, ױ;һ¥ÿ鷿š
󣬽ȴȺһס

ǶˣԱ̾Ϣһʰױͣ飬ûɣ

ûױ˵Ҳ֪Ǹⳬٸ˵ʲô֪˼ѹûӻ
һ١

Ա¼ôŸ

ûûˡױͲ˵Լ˼ҹˣֻԹ˵һǵ˵ʲô

ԱѶԻһһѧһ飬Ҫԭ˽Խ

ױͣŶ
ȻЩǿ¶ָոշû仰̫ӣ㸴˳

Աһ֪ⳬ˵ʲôʱ϶һˡ
ֻⳬʱʱᵽˡ

ױ͵Ĵ綼ЦˣСܣЩôԽԽˣΪû˾⵼µôô򵥵ⶼ

£ױ͵ըˣҾ½˭㡣겻ʱ裬ŵºһϵеģ
㵱ʱʲôҾô

ʲô¡ױ͵ĴЦЦұˣ㶼Ӧøлң˽ʮꡣ

㡭

ʱǰ㲻ңҲᱬġױ͵ĴãҪǸӲ
ʱңôְְ

յ˰ԱԱǶˣ˱ӡ
ʲôӡһָǸһ壬֪ǰӬͷС㡭һָױֲִֶͣöӶԸ˵䣬ӣԸȥҵСġ

ױͣ˼˵ġ

ģԱЦˣ浱Ӹôûأ㿴Գ֮Ǹ˭ܶûƢΪЦžͰ˶ˡ
أʲôã˼Ҷϡ㡣

˭˵ġױͲ֪ôģһ׮˵Ҳûʲôã˾ϲҪǲ֪ôǸʱķ˿һȥ䡣СӵģԲϲ˽

ԱͷԷ¡

ⳬĴ˵˫ĿĽ档ԸСģΪ˼ҴûĻûֻˣ˼ұȣ

ʱʲôأҪ̳ܽôЩ껹ôô
µֻпǸųͬǼԹˣǸʲôԹûпܻ⡭

˵أǱǸʱʱүķ˿ˡ

ǵģʱˡ

ʱ䣬һڴڹ
ڹȻ˵ģźŵġ

úʱ껹ȥһ¡

Ϸմ򿪣ȻһϴڹȻ¥תһȦת˿صǼӡ

˶ʶˣɴк

ʱҲȥվſڣм鷳ǣ¥ʱ˹ûϷգܿôҾͲ¥ˣûصĻȥ

ȥһۣ˵иźŵһ̨ڿš

ʱ˵֪ˣллǰ



ʱл˶¥ֱӹ˿ŵ̨Ȼѽúڹ̨
ʲôźţȻҲſʶĶҲһˡ
ɼ£ѧѧδزһ

ٱ٣ʱôſڴڹϷ

һϷǱ˾Ͷע⵽ˣ½ͥϢʱһ㶡
ôᡣ
룬ʱ׼¶ô

ȻѦʱȴõˣ鲻ź֡

ʱأ½ͥ˵ڸ

ôʱӦòٳ˰ɣô˵ѦٻǱȥ˸ͨѶõϢ
ʱڶ¥Ϸ

½ͥؼҡ

ѦһãͼӴһǸʱķ˿ô

½ͥиȷԼĲ룬һ·ϢĻȥѦٸʱ귢Ϣǰš

Ѧ٣ôģҪȥץƵġ

½ͥһۡ

Ѧ죬Ҳ˵ûסϹ˵

½ͥ˼ңֱ˶¥Ϸҡ
ǱߵĶ¥ʱ֮ûϹ߲ͬ¥鷿ԼסĵطҲסڶ¥

ϷȷȥĬϸʱá
һȥһ۵ĴͿ

½ͥ

ʣڹŸϷգϷӦ˸ˡ
ȥ˿׻õģʱǰһԭΪ

⻰ô˵

ҲӲǣ
ͦ뷨ġ

ʱϷʱձΧˡ

Ͼ˵˼ûˣӲѣȫҵ˰
лĺг⣬㲻˵˵ͬ׼ҵĶԹǿԾеͣ

аʱ˵ȰȺհ׵Ķͣȥô

ˣ𣿡
׼˼ذɣ

Աλǰ׼ҵģԶ˵ˡ
κλǵ˵ʱлú˵ʲôĶԹ

ʱо˽Ͻƿ˺ڹ

ôģ½ͥĿˡ

Ȼ֪ˡʱ

½ͥһ٣֪֪ˣ

ôоʱ˵֪ǸʲôöǸп϶Ҳ֪װһ޹ѧָӵģǸһۻĶࡣ

½ͥΪֵµ˵˾仰治֪㣬Ϊ˸ˡ

Ͼʱľȫ֪DԣǸ򵼣һ벻ġ

½ͥԼµĹ˵һ£ʱͶˣ㿴ңѦپ;Բô룬ƾ㿴ʾλãҲˡ

½ͥҲ֪ˣʱѡߣ˿ڴڹһǵȷȥˣ̽һǲ֪ˡ

Ͼ׻ҶǴˣѲɫ
Ѧٵ΢ЩϾԼλٵȷûʲô̫ķģǰɡѦԼɶҲ֪ء

죬ܵɪ˵ͿҵˣһǸڱء
ԼĲ֪鱩¶ϢӦ

½ͥʾϷգ洦ˣ

ûʱ׼˵򵼵ģϾλѦѾԽܿˣҾѡЩ·ȫؼȥ

½ͥüۼ䲻ԾЩЦݣͷͶߡ

֪ôһСϵĲ²ȴȥˡ

ͻȻͻȻߣô

׼һ˵ˣܲˣҲЦҪȴûʲôгȥѰ׼Ҹɵ

ҾûãһڱԵ֮ĵطϾ˵һ룬ͻȻֻ˰ɣڴгSľͱ˷˰ɡ

ʲôһĶԵǸˣʱҲǱԵǳİɣѵͷԵǶҪ˲ʤˣ

һ£ʱǰҲˡ

֪֪¥ϵģ˵ǺЩꡣ˵ʱҲΪ׼ҲȥıԵǣˣ᲻Ҳ׼ڵû취ֻܶȥԵǡ׼ذʲôǶȺ

Դǰ׷˵󣬰ҵԶǰһʲô£˼Ҷǵĺá

ʵҲֱˣԱҲڻ䣬Щ꣬ûʹЩ˲òȥԵǱܻ

ֱʱٴߣһһ߾ֱ˵
ǰ˵˱ңûʵǸ򵼡

ãҪȥϷˡ

Ǹ½ͥԼˣĿ䣬һܵġ

ȴϾߣȴƽһȥ˻żԱͻһ˵Ѧ٣ҲϽ½ͥ

˲¥£ͨѶҲӡ

أѦһãȻתĹôôһԪ˧ûˣ

½ͥѾʱĿ˼뷿
ǰʱ̲סϰ壬㲻ʲôСϰɣ

½ͥǮˣ

˼ʱ˵Ǻͦõģʱ뻻ϰ塣ҪӮ㣬㲻ΪĶɣ

½ͥ
˼룬ѵɵĻᱻ»ô
㣬ƽʱôϰе˾ģ

ȴʱһĵ˵ͷȻ
ϴιΪӮϰ屻ġ

½ֻͥεᡣ

 66 



½ͥһ˵, ʱʱ͸ˣſֽŴһʹ졣

½ͥʵҲͦ, ôһˣⷽôоɵġ
˵ܻʲôĿǰֳı, ˵ϷӮϰ, ȥҴλԱһ٣ֻҪΪ, ׷εġ

ʱ꣺֪ø֤ǲġ
ϾϷֱ˼Ӱ

Ҫһ󷽵ϰ壬ˢǶα˵ļ䡣

½ͥƷȻŵù, Ȼʱ, ҪøܵһЩ֣ԷҲô׾ܲ

Ϣľôˡ

һ, ʱͻ˵ãܺ, Ƕǿˡ

ľ½ͥԼ, ʱ껹ûȫӡѾͬȣʱƲûһЩ

ϰ壬ǰһ֪˵һֺƷʡʱֱ, Ҫʼ

죬ȴ
½ͥףΪʲôֵ, ˵ʱսݡ

ǵģݡ

ǾḻһֻҪһ֣ͻᱻѹŴ
Ե꼾һû治ԩ

̫ʱ̫ǿˡ

ֻϹ֣֪ǿֹھϣ֪Ǿǿǿں˵˵֪ʲôš

½ͥʵڲһûоսˡ

ʱ˵ս϶ǾġϾнɲǼʣǣֵĻᶼС
ндЩͲˣսöΡ

ϷˣǾͲᣬÿ죬Ǽÿʱÿ̺޲öڴ

ϰ壬Сİ˵ţʱѾֳ˹ȥ

ĸСʱӮҲ˭˭ģû취ʱǿ½ͥҲ
ǼʵһǿߵĳƺţҲǰġ

ܾãʱ׵ȼ̫ͣȻϷܵS߼ʹ䱸һЩСϸڣȴȷǲߵȼס

Ϊʲôһ̨ס½ͥ

ʱ˵̨ÿ㲻úһֻô

½ͥͻȻǼݻףԵĸ߼𣬶һǻ
ʱҲ

˵£Ѿмˡ

Ǵλ֮½ͥûʣʱҲûᡣﻹͦǼܻ׵ģһ롭
ѿռʯоʮ갡ȥооףܲܰæռ䷽оһ궼δҵˮƽʱǼݻ׳ˣҡ
һݻ׵ľ飬϶죬һ̨㡣
ģ㲻Կġ

½ͥаɣ
Ҳ֪Ҫ˻׸ʲôֲܿϷ浽ʱʵ¼һ¾СѵΪ˿źÿ

˵ú󣬵ִһһˡ
Ͼʱĺˡ

ȴ˿֪졮ˣдĸСʱڣ涼챻ʱųĴˡ

һʼȻ򵼵ˡ

ڴ֮ǰûô£żһ˵ԼţϲվˡȻⱻʣ˶٣˰
ȻʱЩ۷ǾԤԼҡ

˲̫ţϾ˭ôײУڱ໽ء˵Ϸ棬Ϸ򵼵ϻףĲɶǴҵġ

ǵʲôˮƽٵİɣĸôס˵ʱƾˣһҲᡣ

¥ϣǺųʱķ˿ʱʲôǰϷ棬ҲôҪ

֮Ա˭Ҳ˵˭˲ţ϶Ϊ˲Ϣ
Ǹ򵼾˫SҲۣ˭֪ôô

Ȼоܾšôòų˵Լ򵼣˼Ұôʱ䡭ʲôģ߰㣬˵ɶĶУصࡣ

ûã˷½ͥҲˣҿ˸롭ͬʱҲ˷ʱʺҲ˸䣬ͬ롣
˵˶˽ģʽţ˭²϶Ǵһȥˡ

Ǽʱ˿Ǹڱֻǲ뱻˴ŲŻѳ򵼵ԽԽࡣ
к˱ԽģȻ϶˶˿϶ԺҪȥ½ҵġ

׼ҺҶ۵òᡣ

ǰԱһԼء
ԸҲˡ

½ͥôһ£ȥ
Լӣһա

ôһ׼жԹҲͰˣʱ껹ӣӸȻ岻ˡ

ʱӲڷӦԣǰ˵ʲô˼ʱӹܰ׼ҡôУһӡ

ԱõŻһѪ

ױͿһۣôԵ£ڲŷӦ˵㲻֣ôִֶֻҪ

⻰һֳֵܶԱõǸ˳ȥ

ѦѦ٣ȻҲ֪Ԫ˧ʲôȥˡ
ͨѶһֱûϡ

Ͼ½ͥϷ棬ϵϣȻʲô˶ˡ

Լǲģ˵ǲڱǲѾҪǾˡ˵ȻǸִ̽ϢñһµѦپ͸ˡ
ǣɶҲ֪

ĺһ䣬֪ĲǶ١

˵ͷлĴһҲû뵽лˣû뵽İ

ʱûʶʲôϽȥ½ͥˡ

½Ԫ˧һϷȻͿˡ
Ѧ٣Ԫ˧ô˵ô£ǡ

½ֻͥ˵һ仰ʱӦ㡣

Ѧ٣
էȻʱ껹һԼء

Сء
СڹƻڴϷڳԹϡʣȳ˹ϣͻЩ·ߡ
ǿ϶˵ģϾ֮ǰ˼ǰ顣

ǡѦٴԪ˧Ƕ˵ǻѳ򵼣ʵǸڱ㶼ˣӦеڲϢɣһ

򵼡½ͥ׼·ؼҰɣ

Ѧ٣
Ѧٿһ֪½ͥȥʱǰɪ¡

ԭƫʱ꣬Ϊð

޲԰

ȶ˴ߵϷһص¥´ʱʱѾˡ
ЦеĿ˹Ѧ٣ȡ·

Ѧ٣
ڲ

ͻȻ𣬵ʱʱĿʱԣܲܰǸ߾Ͳ˵ķ˿ҳѹûӮ˻Ρ
һԼȫûͼȴҪǶ·

֪㡣ʱ˵ϾˣĿҲˡȻЩ
ȥԼҲܸʲôʲôġ˵ͷЩ·ɶ۸񲻱˵ģ㲻

Ѧ٣Ǽڱʤûһ򵼣öڱһ˵֣ÿ϶һ࣬·ҴŶУǴţǾ˽䴩ˡ

һʹ࣬ȴʱ껹˵ǿϧֻ㴩ˣͷǵƬҡ

Ѧ٣
أ㻹ûˡ

½ͥ½Ԫ˧Ҫ˰ô

Ѧ٣

ʱ꣺ãҺģѾ¥ˡ
˵䣬ǰѾװ·¼һŵİ

Ѧ٣ȥɣ

Ѧ٣
ᡣ

ϲȥˣֻܿһ׼·
ȴʱſˡ

Ԫ˧ס٣ƽʱľ͸ˡΨʱ½ͥڣǻֻС
Ԫ˧ˣѦٵ

ʱֱˣ߸ĶҲϽ˻
½Ԫ˧ˣ½ˣϰ϶Ҳ˰

Ȼһ룬½˵Ѿˡ
ⶼˣǳСӻû˯Ȼһڼңû˹ˡ

ʱһ½ͥ

û뵽½Ԫ˧ҲǸܵġ
ȫûʶԼñ˼һֱ

Ǳ½ѾɱˣƺԶҪԵͬ˶һŮڼﲻάֹ󸾷緶·Ҳúߣڰܡ
ܽײ·

·ˣ½˵ǸЩ·СʱİɣҶ֪϶ܡ

Ѧٿһվһߣάһģϵ·ûü¡

½ֵ·ͦġ
κ·̫࣬ԼЩ·ʲôԼǵãοͱ˵ġ

Ѧȴƺʲôϣ½ˣϴʱһ

ʱĵϰڲôȥ


һԣ첻Ǿ˵ѦϲⲻæýŲմأյ˿գϽؼңúÿŸˡϾ๤Ҫİɣ

ԶԶԡ½ԭСѦϲЩ´ʱ˳ٰЩ

Ѧ٣
ٿߴ粻ʰ

ʱս½ͥСϰ壬Һûйעߴ⡣Ȼ·ܾͲȥˡ

½ͥ˵ע⵽ˣĵطģ·λױƷԲʲôǡ
Ͼǿǹһֺɫں춼ֵܷóʲô죬ƹ죬졭ʱɫţ׼ȷʶʲôɫ˵ĸӵɫá

ߴ⣬Բܱԡ
ϲ㣬װ֪ء

ʱʱϰ壬á

½˼򵥸Ѧ˵˼䣬ֿʱ꣬СʱŪǸҩãƣͷֺ˳ҶԹüǰüԦķˣֱ̫ˡ

ʱϰҪϲﻹһ³Ļˮ׼áŶˣǸëģԺüٽë˶ǽë

½һ۾ˣô

ǡʱԺʲôҪģԸ˵ооͳˡ

üëüëҵüëе̫ϸˣβ״ҲÿζҪ߿Ƽֲߺ컭취üɣ

Уͷо¡

ĵʮ죬½Ԫ˧һۣת½ͥ鷿̸¡
ѦҪһ𣬾Ԫ˧СѦˣʱ䲻ˣ㻹ȥ˯ɡˣ·ǵһߡ

Ѧ٣
ѦټֱޣʱĪֱһ۸˵ĸо

һˡ

 67 



ʱ깱׳ԼĽëͻˮ, ½Ϊˣһֹ˯¶ˡ

ǰ˯˵ģϾǰĵطͬʱͬ, 
̵ĴŻˮͽëȥˡ

¥鷿½Ԫ˧ڸ½̸ͥ顣
λΪ˿ռʯһ¡

ⶫ̫Ҫ, ʼĻȥͶ, ֻԼٻһˡ
½ͥȥСЩҲ, ǱӦҲдı

ġ½Ԫ˧ԼСĲǣ½һƿ֮, ǻ̫Ҫ, Ҫǻ
㲻ûʲôġֻˣŻ, Ҷ֡

½ͥҲףȻΪʲô½Ԫ˧Ȼ֡ǳ廹, ҪźۼȶԸ

½ͥԼǰõǿռʯݹȥ
ռʯɵ׹, ƽʱ·档ȻժˣڶѾˡ

õǼܻ׾ںԺͣţͷȥϡ֮ҪȥΣҲЩ

½Ԫ˧ӹռʯԭǿ, Ϊϰ˻µġ

ǰͨѶ治˵м¡½ͥóԼõģͬڿڴ, ֻ˿ڴ档

֮ǰİռʯȥоΪûеڶռʯװһռ

½Ԫ˧һ㶣ռ似оˣ
ӹûϸ㻹ǼÿռʯҲȲЩϾռʯӲɡ

½ͥһЦϸⲼʲôġ

ǡ

ʱõĻߣ߱ܵһܻףԺͼʵ̶ȿɼһ㣬֯һ𣬸ɲˡ

½Ԫ˧ܲʶֲϣֻ˭һСûʱɰһ뵽õľȻǻײϡ
ȻϸҲãʺϵ֯õİɡôŪġ

½֪ͥľǳƷȥʱꡣ
ʱӣֹãҲ֯飬֪ʲô·ӡ

һ½ͥҲ˵ˣŴ鷿
һƼ̵½ˡ

ڽʱױֻˣëҲȻˡ

룬϶ʱǸʲôнëҩֳֺ䣬½Ԫ˧˶ӣȥȥˡ
ˣôһ磬ÿˡ

½ͥһۣ¥ȥˡ
ʱڳҹ

һļѾˡ룬֪˭ɵġ

½ͥʧЦʲôë㣿

ʱȻ㼸ôˣҴϵģص˵ġ

½ͥһۣȫ⣬ʱΪʲôǰͳ˸Ա
ΪһǧôƽʱҲ󷽵ĺܣȫͬСϰ岻߲ǡ

ţʱСȻԸŮõľױӱ춼ûҪ·ҡ

һԸСɵģˣϲʲô

ϲ衣½ͥӡܲģǰ¥ϻ˵Ҳ֪ʲôˣܰôŪء
Ȼ½Ԫ˧ı£½ͥŻͦ˵ġ

Ȼͷһ䣬׼Ƶû˳Ӱɣ
Ϊʱ׼ҵĹϵ̫ᣬû˵

ʱ˵ͦˣǡһ⣬뵽ңֱҡ
ʲôʵ

ͦҵġ½ͥ˵Ǿãֹܲңϱӻɣ

ʱ꣺˵

Թҹʱ¥˯ȥˡ½ͥʱû˯¥ʱ½ˡ
ֵ裬ô
Ӧûطȥô

㡣½˵㰡Сʱǲǲ̫ϲЩ·

½ͥϲøһ㿴ƽʱľ֪ˡ
û˵Ҫ·¶ˣ

½̾Ϣôˣһôɫô

½ͥСʱҲϲûʲôʱ򡭡

һô½ɨһۣԼӸ˼Һӣһô
ôô߸СʱáҪǻӿԵݣһС򵼡

½ͥ
ճѾϰˡ

ϣĸӶ˱Ҳݡ½˸ոջҪϢȻ˯̫ţҲҪϢ
Ϣాһ죬ǿ˯

Ͼ۵ļҪõ˯ʱά֡

½ͥΪʱ̫Ĺϵû˯ñҪ𴲡
µһѾ

ʱս飬ǶʹˣԺܶ˵ȴҪ֪ǶսĽԼʱ꾿ǲ򵼣ǲѾվ½ϡ

Ѧûʵˣֻ½ͥٹһ顣

磬һ黹ôո˵ʱȥ

ѾӣĿǰֻסһˡ
λѵһЩԺȲ衣ǽæ½Ԫ˧ڹΪô

ԡ½ͥóԵʱ꣬½һ£ʱ꣬ҲǿռߣԿռ似ʮ˽⣬˵Ŀǰǿ

һ㶣λʱѧĲҩѧô

˶֪
ܰǧٻ֭ҺᴿٷְٵĴȣͻҩѧһơ

ѧҩѧʱΪܰѼҵװϣٴһѵʳʱԣ˸ǬǿеĿռʵҲд


һȻǲԼû˯ѣҪôģء

ġ½ͥһʵʣʱҲġ
Ǵʵ

½ͥĴװĻף̫˿ʱԼĵ˹ȥȼһ£ûпռʯ

û˾۹⻹ڣû־ͿǬõĲʲôҪ½Ԫ˧ϣôܣֲʣֻܳߣ֯

ǰֿ϶ΪʵϸϸĿһ飬ȷǻƵСӡ

ʱ˿Ȼ˿ռһ˵ֻרעоôģҲ̫ˡ

ʱ꣺
ӶԡһֱԼֹ̫ⷽãֻ÷ǼŮͬѧʽ滹л

Ȼ˷ӦҲ׹ƺϱɴӡ

Ĳʲô߳棬Ļ֪ʶˡ
н㲻ʲôܣϾѧʱ̣ƺȴˮƽǶˡ

ðҲûⶫôŪģȻĿռ似
Ѿû˾Ȼ޷ȡ㻹ʱ꣬ʾһ¡

ⲻʲô£ʱ굱ʳȡһЩʣôãúܡ


ʱûôԹʳ˵ڡ˵ʳʱô˵ռ顣

ռ似о˶á

ʱôûоǰнʱѧġ
½ͥ½ͥҲ˵Ͼ̫ˣЩ߻ʱģСʲô¹ʣӸЩߵνĿռ֣ʱ̵ֱ˾мûɶʱ䡣

ⷽ츳գ½ֻͥô˵

ȻҲ뵽ʲôŰš
뵽ǰҩʦûģٷְٴȵǧٻ֭ҺٿֱƵǿרҵĿռ似ͬһ֮֡
ϸһ룬ƺϾţѧʲôܿġ

ϡʱ˵⼸ҲһЩ췽飬ǶòࡣѾòˣҪռ似æϡӦûʲôɣ
㿴ʲôʱԿʼ

һҲ˾ڵȻУҵĶǼܻ׶ڱԵأ˹

һסΪӣʺءұԵǵɷûôкдڣһЩȽеĻײϡ
ǰǹοҪˣϾ˭ѿռʯõԵȥʵ顣

ֻûпռʯͻֲС£ûһƲԲһֱû

ȷˣȷǡ

Сʱ˵򵥣ͷȥһöҸռװš
˵Լ»ģû죬հǰĶת

תתȥ̫鷳ͷŪһռ㡣

ô˵ˣʱĴ˼䣬˶ԷƼļżֵĻ鼮Ƽ½ֻͥ˼ҡ

һȥֱʵң½ͥ½Ԫ˧˹ȥ
и¶֪ô

½ͥʲô

½Ԫ˧˴Ż׵ĵط˵

½ͥЩжʱûˣͷǸˡأȫûˣ
ͻȻʶʲô

оʱҪ̨ʱһ룬ʵ̫ܣûϸ˼
ڡ

ǽȡҵĻ׵ġ½Ԫ˧˵һϻ׵ôˡ

һ룬ԼԼĻףû¶Ҳҵİֿ˿Ļף⣬ȫû͸ֱˡ
½Ԫ˧˵Ұѻ׵˹ܻѣ֪λСʱɵġûӹ˹ܣֻǵʹãе˼ǣû˹ܸ˵ÿҪк˵Լˣ֮ǰ˵ؼ

ⶼС£ؼ򵼾Ȼܿס
ҡ
ﶼSĻףҵ̨ǲᣬ˶ģҲֻҡ˵ҵģˡ

ȷܸߡ½֪ͥⷽ棬Ҷ
֪ԷҲܸߡ

ҵĻ״̬֪˵ϷǸʱûкܷ˼ŵĻ߾͸̹Ȼˣȫһʵ˵Ҳ̫֪ҪǷҲͷ˰ɵ״̬

½Ԫ˧˵֮ȥңҲ˵˼顣

½ͥʣž֪ʲôˡ

ڼӴ󣬶ѵҲá½Ԫ˧˵һʼĿSֲֻܼӣڻԳͨ裬ҿҵֵ쳬ˡ
ⲻһ򵼸е

½ͥЩ嵼µİɣ

廹ô½Ԫ˧ֹš
½ֻͥǸĿǱɼһ

½Ԫ˧Ƿ˽ó˱ǿ뷨ֻϷǸķ˿ʵ˰ɣǿ

½ͥ
˵Ҳ֪ġ

ˣӦ뿴½Ԫ˧˵Ѿ˹
ʱһһܻ׵ľʹʱ䣬һʼȷ̣ܶ䳤˵ʱӦѹ

ص½Ԫ˧ָ˻Ѫ
סһ㾹Ȼûоӣ˲Ҫǻġ

½ͥСӡ
ҧгݵ룬װõûƵģȫԼ嵱¡
ֲܸɳΪ˶ֵ顣







 68 



ʱȫ֪Լɵ¶, ոһ̵Ĵʵҳ׼½ͥ˸ȥ
ȻͼԼϰһ

ôˡʣѵҲһѹ

½ͥԺûٸҴˡ

ʲôʱ𾪵㻹

½ͥ

½Ԫ˧һСı¶ͯʷ, ±ʱŹŹֵֹĿ⿴ţЩŶӡ
Ӳסˣһ, ˵¡

ʱ꣺Ŷ
, ͷ㡭

½ͥ˵̸̸׺Ѫ¡

ʱ꣺
ʱ꾪, ô֪ǣ֪û˲ϡ, һͷԪ˧ȥͷ, ô֪Ѫ¡

ﲻûмصô

ûмءһ۾Ϳʱ룬½ͥS׵˹Ѿǿ󣬾㲻, Ҳм¼

ʱ꣺
˹ܡ

ܳˡ

Ǽʵ˹ʮַ, ʱ껹ͬѧСܻˡϾߵ⼸˻˶е˹, ׸˵飬һֱҲûô⡣
Ҳͺ˻˹ϵͳ

ϾϷʱϷҲģ˼ʻʻԱ»ԣ׻ѡ趨ãķ
Ϸ治, Ϊ˲棬βȥһ£û˹ϵͳҲհһ׹Ҳġ

ټϡһ׾ʲô׵, û˹֤֪϶ʱɵģбˡ
ʱڻһ飬ǰû໨˼Ρ

ˣҲȫûϸ飬˹¡

һϵͳôµô˼Ѫǣ

½ͥţ⻹˹ܵĴ

Ȼأʱ

½ͥ

ЩȫĲ֪ֻĳ治֪Ȼ˵ҲˣԼ˲ϧʵʵڵĲ֪ˡ

½Ԫ˧ѵʱǰһѪô

ϰ壬Ѫԡʱ⣬Ͼ˻׾ͺˡ
Ѫ걻ħץʱŵѪǶķţѪԣʲôѪͷѪֱ͸˸Ƥһǲ̫Сˡ

Ȼ˭þģ½ͥǱ⻰Ȼ൱ᡣ

ʱ֪ϰǵľˣöܰˡ
תת飬˵ϴγȥ˵¶ŸչҪһΡ

½ͥյ鷿Ǻú̸һ

̸ʲô̸½˵ճСʱﰢ̿ںͿһȽϺÿ
㣬ֺ㣬Ͻȥ

ʱˣϰ䡣

Ӧ½ȥͷ½ͥ˸
ѹ˰ɣ

½ͥ
½ͥѹ¶ͷȥ½Ԫ˧ȥˡ
ң

½Ԫ˧վڲԶŷ˸ʱȵȥۿںɫȥˣŵСӣ޶˷ʲôҲ°š

½ͥûз𡣡

ƽʱ͹ˣղһô½Ԫ˧׷˲ô׷ġ

½Ԫ˧ʱһ£ʲʲô

ʲôʲô½Ԫ˧㲻Ƕ˼˼ôͿˣϴΡϴҽͣ˵һ⡣

½ͥ
Ǳߣᡭ¶ʱ껹֪

ġ½Ԫ˧˵ˣҪװ֪ðò׶˷ĵСӸŻȥ
˵㣬ģ軣ģҪһӡ

½ͥ
½ͥεѵ˼ѵǻϣ

ˣ˼ϲӦô㻹Ҹӱȣ½Ԫ˧ߵû֪֮

½ͥԴ˲ÿɷ񣬿Ǳʱ½˴ûȣɵǷɲ٣ûôнˡ

Ҳ˹ˣʱǸˣԴǼ¹Ƿ·ӡ˻棬Ψ½ʱȴЩн
˵أţ˼ף㿴ʲôʱ׹衣

½ͥΪɵ¡

ͶЩС¡½Ԫ˧̫㶼ο˼ֲӣ㻹汼ŵȥ

½ͥΪɵЩ¡

һ浥Ŀû뵽ӣǸϲöడ

ֲǲ֪ɵЩ£桭ʱģ½ͥ治뷴ݣڵȷͦģɶ

ֵû½Ԫ˧˵ʲôܺú˵ʵڲдϡȣ㻹û׷أǾ͸ˣ˻Լޡ

½ͥ˵治ǣСӻᱻŵʲôЦ

˵Щǿ˰ɣСʱҲûٸ鰡ҽƲһɵ飬ֻҪ̫ǿţ첻ʲôغֲҲûѵô

Ϊڱ½ͥ롣
ѵѵѪ½ưոݡ

½Ԫ˧

½Ԫ˧ǿʶҲûʲô£¸ѪҽƲʮӶɲˡɫôѿˣ

½ͥҧгݵ룬ΪʲôΪСûȥɹҽƲա

ҽƲնǻмصģԪ˧ʲôȫһҽƲն½ͥĹԣ˵ûҲãõʱһ¼¼
ʱҽƲգ֪ܲ

ʱǱڰ½ں졣

ΪˣЩĶɫʮϲҲ
䲻󶮿ں죬ɫ

̣ҾʺȻѵ£ѡʱȡɫһټɫԼٷ֮һɫһ˺üɫŵǲλŮɫʺ

½ϲЦտλŮ

ǰʱ˵ϰһɾϰ裬ͻǸŮ

½СǱ䵽ģЩҲû˵ȫ͵ˣ̫ˡ
ˣЩʱǲɸоܿġʱ˵ž͸оܳϿң滰

ǰһ𡣡½˵ǱֹںĹߣǰȤʱģõϡ

ʱӦ½ȥȡʱǱ߲Զ½ͥһۡ
Է˸

½ͥ

ʱѾ¥ϻ֣ϰ裬ٲϰҪˡ

½ͥҧгݣʲôʱ
˵˵

Ű½Ѿɿı¥ˣڣҿǳСӸҶ֡

½ͥ
ۿ̸ѪҽƲյˣֻȥ֮ǰǲ翹һѣ裬֪ʲôôͻ

½ˣܸʲô㲻ܺú˵ʲôϽҸȥСʱŶ֪۸

ʱ½˿ĵطסĳǵӣʥ˿˶ð

½ֱͥȥ߽ѵһ٣κǰ浲ţ־һԣҪ裬Ǳ߾͸Ϸ˫˫

½Ԫ˧ѵõģѦôһͬĸо
һˣ۸һ

½ͥȥһ˱ǱߣѴͷָ˼٣Ϊ˲ɣߵ̣Ҫ׵ؼҡ

Ȼͼ˽ͣ򵼣ΪԴ˼

½ҾµϽǣҲǵ꿴½ͥĳñܶ
Եƹ̽ģˡ

ò˵ĸСʱĵдͣѹʱǸ򵼡

żŵģҲǣϴβ˵ĽʱǮôġڱĻôڱĶ֪һȻЩ࣬濪ӦֲܶǣôĽʱꡣ

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ʱô

ʱ겻ôںûôס

༶ȺҲּˣˣʱûʱڶˡ

ԻһǰҪʱ½֮ͥһ
ϴαȻô

ڣͬѧѾ

⻰˵ʲô˼ʱԲˣ֪ĻΪƭƭɫ˳󻰻˦ء

ǣ˭֪ʱæ˼ҿҪģĳЩˣû¾֪¡

ԻһˮЩûȥ
￴˵ģҲֹ

ֲǽûǣǲô֣ʱ겻Ҳû

ʱٳ֮ʱ׺ŵȷѪֲ꣬²⣬ֻƳһƬ
һ½˵Ƭ

űഺŮˣ֪ģΪǸδŮ

ŮǲŮ񣬿žȻˡҵųΪʲôеܵų

㣬ƬֱˣƤҲúá

ëóӣǰûôҺȻȻȫǼٽëʲô¿ôƼ

ֻҿ˿ںɫôɫֱ̫ʺ½˵ˣ۾ͺ峺ܸɾõӣɫĿں죬ֱˡ
ƼںĸɫţƼ

¥ȰأΪרҵʿ㣬ɫһ˼Ԧ˵ġ

ëë

ôǸ˿װò׻ȴֶ㵹˵õİ

¥ϹҪˣ

ʱʲôʱֲʲôԪ˧Ա֮Ĵʱ겻һǮŰˣбȥ½Ԫ˧ȥ

𳳳ٽëĿ

ʱûָ齱

ˮͽëڷ˳һٷװЩʱ˵ķ˿ϵ˵ٳһٷݣݸԶӰ졣

⻰˼ǣǷ˿ܳΣӴнʰ

ۻǵÿʱ磬ĿŵƫԼԺڷۡ

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ҩˮëģʱӽ쿪ʼֹżˣҲûôˡ

飬תףҺˡ

תʱˡ

תʱˡ

ת

ʱãȻĿһĻôģڳɽô

 69 



ò˵, ʱһǲ棬֪˺ܶࡣ

һȫƷˡ

Ҳˣʲôʱܿʼ, һ°ɣ

ʱܿظҪЩѦµʲôʱͣءΪǷ˿½ͥĸСʱڶ˶ǣͼ̽Ϣ, ˼Ҷ˵, ǻңһĶӶô, 뿪ڶ

ʲôڶ˼ǲ򵼡

ôʱ֪ô

ʱ꣺֪, , ʵŵ˾ţŵ㣬æŲ۵Լ, Ҳ¶

Ҳ¶ͺ˼ʵ

ȷʵʱ, ֹʲô¶, ҵ˲۵˸ҲǿֳԸϡ

ЦҲ֪Щ˿ش֮ô롣

ô룬ŵ, ԸŵȻšϾʱҲʲôɰаСãǣ˼ҲҪǲ½ͥڱָ˵Щ

ȻЩ, עڻˮͽë档

һ½ִͥ׬һʰ

ʱ꣬ǲ򵥣ʲô׬Ǯоʲôѿռ似ҲоɣǸ׬Ǯ

ںͷֹ˳һ䣬ֻûǰ˲ţ½˸ȡ

Żûڵǰ׼ҲŶԣ˭뵽ءǵΪ˸ҽ˽óףѡ׿ײµǳ״Źˡ

ЩİԱǺ飬ǲ˵

֮෴ģȻ½ͥϾʶˣǶһԪ˧Ҫ
ⷽһε֤ԼһҵһǰͶȥûȥĴУǣһ뱼½Ҿȥ

Ͼ滺ǹãʱҲ¡
ټԽԽþʵ㣬ʱǲǻǿռ䡣½Ԫ˧˸Ǽǿܵõָ㡭

ЩʱǸ˿ŵʵڱˣԼԺҪͬ˹¡

֮£ǡ½ͥԽ˳ǱľȻֻʣ²˳ˡ
׼ҸᣬﱾûÿôϵڵľѾˣбҲǼңʱûС

иᣬǻʵԱԪ˧Ƕ֡½ͥΪʱѪҽƲյŭȫɫôá

ɱ緢˶ռ˻ûЦǾǻң

½ͥȫǣֱӻ˼ҡ



ʱ꽱Ѷ˳ȥڸ½һƬ

ǰ½ĵģ½ԽԽϲû뵽Ҷˣػʮꡣ
ҶоԼĵųȥˡ

ʱû½ͥСʱƬǣ˵Сʱ򻹴ܿĹҲ֪ʲôӵġ

½ƬƬҸҿ

ʱ΢ЦһߣȫԴǰʱѾԤı뿴˵ģ

Ƭܿҵʱһۿȥ֪½˶Ǻܺõġ

ȻЩ·ϷΪʵװֻȥ̫ƫŮˡǰЩ
ȹȹӣȹӣ

½˵ǰʱźÿ͸ˡ

ȷʵͦƯġʱ˵

úÿʱ˳Ҳ½ͥȻҲˡСʱ򻹲ذſɿɰġ

ǰɣ½źϧ֮ӲߣҲ࣬ҲٲϴЩˡ

ʱ룬Ҳ


½ͥŮװš
̣ҷŰɣʱ̲ס

½˵԰Ӹת㡣

½ͥһͼϲĵֵġɱƼһĻضο뻶ϲֻú󱳷ë
֡ס·½Ԫ˧ڸʲô

½Ԫ˧һۣŶŻڿСʱƬɣ

СʱƬ
½ͥ˿һʲôСʱƬģǰ

ͻȻʶʱӴΪʱڣʵΪá
Żһ죬һ졭

½ͥϽ߹ȥΪҪʱ꿴½˰Ƭŵúܴ󣬻ûΡ
½Ԫ˧һ۾ͿԼСȹӵƬʱǰһڣ裬㲻˵ɾô

½ˣôÿΪʲôҪɾ

½ͥ
ѦѦڵһ߾Լˡءᱻڡһ̲סٿۡ
ʵû뵽Ԫ˧СʱȻӡʱɶסˡ

ʱһۣΪ˱۾ûͷ߳ŭȥ

Ѧ٣

½ͥͷһۣѦʶĵͻȻмҪû죬Ԫ˧ȥˡ
˵꣬͸Ͻˡ

½ͥ

ʱŻͷץʱõƬ½ͥͷ۵ĸס˶½Ԫ˧ܹܣ

ͦô½Ԫ˧˵

ðɣ
½ͥپʲôŮװŮװˣ·ϾˣʱѪҽƲ˵ˡ

ʱ˵лͬ˵

ʱ½ˣϰ裬ϰ϶ģþҡ˵Ϊҿĺʷƭ߰ɱˡ

ʲôɱ½ͥ޿̣Ū㲻㣬ٶ¼ѪҽƲգ׼ÿ컹

½ҪӲôףʲôѪҽƲա
ʱʱ꣺ô¶

ʱ꣺

ʱ½ͥһۣλ洿Ƶ˵ô
㻹ҪҪˡ
Ժô㿴ڿҵѾŲͬˣͷ˵̣

ⷭģһ½ͥˡ
ü˱¥

½˿½Ԫ˧˰ɣ

½Ԫ˧ЦѣôҲӣִ˵ô

ѪҽƲô¡

Ҹ˵½Ԫ˧һһĸǸʱĻһ𣬰Ҷһˡ

¥ϡ
˽鷿½ͥŻͷʱ꣺ΪʲôҽƲա

ϰ塣ʱսˣССʱÿ

½ͥء

ҧгʱһ̯ЦŵûҽƲΪû棬Ҫ״̬㻹֪ܲ
˵Ժô

Ҹ˵߶㣬߶ң˰ɣ
½ͥ⻰һ춨ʳ㲻ˡ

Ҫһɲٶ˥ˡ½Ԫ˧ʱŭ壬ȴҲˡ
ӶԼСʱŮװա

ʱܸоߵڱģʱȻ򵼣ϾҲǿǣҲ˼ı¡
ƽ˲˿ϰ壬㻹浱˰ɶܡ
˵ûŵּһ䣬ҵģҲûô

ױͣ½ͥüʲô
һľṩ߰ˡ

ʱſڣû˵ָʵǰױ͡
ԭĵһÿԣʲôġָǰСҲǸħоȳˡ
Ÿ

СҲǷˣ⣬ֱ˿ڳٶȵˡȻϲˣʱҲǽһҪ
ĳЩʱͲܽ£ֻҪ

ʱѹûܹⷽĹע˵¿Ѫ걻СҲʱֻʣˣҲûοο

ֻעǻֻҪˣͲɶ¡

żʱܹܣµԷʱŭ˵ףû½ܹͥ

ⶼùȥˣ׷µһѪ
һѪԡ

ϰ塣ʱյøˣҵİ
ָо˵ͦġ

½ͥʳָԴԶȥԼһ߷ʡȥ

ʱˣ

½ͥһһָһɳǶú÷ʡ

ʱ꣺

½ͥһۣ׼ļ
Ȼѹûʱʵ϶ԷܹԹԸѾܸˡû뵽ʱ껹ĹԹ

ʡȻûеģ㿪Բ֪ڸʲô

½Ԫ˧߹ܷ֣ڸ½ҪƬȻڵģҪڵֱľˣҪСʱġ
Ǹղ¥´һ𿴵Щ

ǰ½˾˵˻ʱ괫ֻ½ͥˣʱÿʼϡ

½ȴʣͥôˣûɣ

ʱ̧ɨ½ͥһۣȷˡ
ûС

ŶҾͷˣô˵ô

ڹʡܰͲڴ̼ˣҴָ졣

½ŰƬƺѪ£ձʱ˻⡣

ϰƬãû½ͥǼһ﷢ָɾˡ

½Ϊְҡ

ʱ˼˼룬̲סͷһ۹е½ͥ
ĵЩѧָӵһһ࣬ϣӻЩ˵ͷͷȻ鲻ģ϶ڲЩ
ûȥ취ɾ֤ʵûô⡭½Ԫ˧

ʱ붼û룬;øӦû½ͥʤһ
ֻǧûǧշ

صƬ棬ʱ֮ǰ¥±Ѧ鵽ļţѣǱٸ˿ˡ

ֲ֪֪Ǳˡ½

˰֮ʱ촰ڿʼרעƬһ߿һ߻ճ˵½ͥ
½˵¶ʵϻǰƬˡ

ڿʲô½ͥķЩƵʵ

ʱʱһ㶣Ȼ˭ܿ췴Ӧ⳶һɣţƬ¡

½ͥһۣüģûǰԺݣ͡

ɣʱ룬֪½ͥû
Ȼʱɰ䲻ᣬҲˡ

ǹˣҲպʣ߻õˡ
½ͥ˶٣˵
СʱжʱȷЩǲ̫ˣԲ춢ҡҷ֣µĶһֻҪ߷Χܻỳ᲻ʲôΣա

ʱ겢ӣĿ˹ȥ

ˣʵҪǸ˵ǻģҸҰֶûҪ½ͥ˵ܸģûҪǵע⣬עǡŮʱôģѵˣ˶ӣ͵עǸɡֲʲô£ŵҲûʲô









 70 

 
ʱ, ½Ըӣȷ½˳õġ
Ŀ֣·ȫ޷, ÿֻǲֻӪҺûúóԷ

ʱ굹δܹЩһʱžЩ

֮󣬹Ȼ½ͥ, ½ûʹѪҽƲյ顣ʱʹ½ͥ, ˵Ҹ˵ᣬҸ, ˡ

ʱ꣺Ŷ

һֱǰװùɣҲɲ顣˵⻰ʱ½ͥʱ, ˵, ϧ˺ΪˣһҲɡ

ʱȴƺ˿ӵ⼫ˡ
˵Ժ, 㲻ǰᣬ֪ô

½ͥ´Σ

ʱ꣺ûˡ

½Ԫ˧ת۾֪, ˵û, 浽ʱûлÿ顣
ʱѾȥԷˣһһ߻ϰ壬Է, 㵹ǿ

½ͥûסЦΪ˭˭ϴ׼ȥԷ·ϵġ

Ǳ½Ԫ˧½Ѿڲǰ, ½˱ʲôȥˣԸôϡ

½̶ͥʱڱ˵ϣһף˿̻͵Цһʱ֪ʲô顣

½Ԫ˧

½ͥ룬ܾڼûеλˡ

һ£Ա߾һ˫ӣһըȣôŵ档
ƺΪտӹٰο¡

Сһ֪һӸ档
½ͥʧЦ

ϡ
ʱ˱Ѿ½Ԫ˧ڸ½˼вˣЦɿ˹
½˳գգۣ˼ʮԣӹȻ˼˼ɣ

˷գ۽Ե½ͥװû취

Էգ

½ЦſʼԷʱ꣬Ѿըˡ
ƺЩըʳƷرϲǾʱû˸ըСʳ

ʲôƬСɣἦۡ
Ե̵ġ

һǰըѾһزԶҲ岻ãȻôԣ϶ǲеġ

ôϰ塣ʱͷһȲôٸ

½ͥһ˵ţҲԼȡֻǺȻİȥļȡ

½СֲϴһҸϽء
ǲеŵˡ

ʱ߲ˡ½Ԫ˧һ֪濪ˣǻȥء
͵ʹиᣬһֱˣٸ⹦ߣ̫á

ʱ룬ʹ᣿

ŶǰԻ
һͨᣬÿ궼ȥͦģҪڣҲȥ

½ͥͻȻʣȥô
ʱ곤ûȥ½ͥ룬ȥʶʶҲ

͵ĴһЩƽʱȥ˵ĵط棬𵱳ôʲôӦҲȥʹİɣ

ʵ۵ĹϵԼڵݣȫһЩԴúùһ䡣

ʱͷһۣȤʵô
ʱ½Щǵǰͥ϶æҡ׼λүӿ϶ҲҪȥΪСʱҲ

ʱ˵ϰ䰡

ƺΪ½һֱƢԸ񣬷û˻ίá
Ƕ֪ƽʱҲ벻

á½ͥҴС

½ˣ㣬ô

½ͥҧû⡣

ǡʱϰ屻ɲеЦϽͷİɣзִ磬֤ʹǰͷúõģɵĻġ

½ˣʲô

ûʲôԵС⣬һ顣½Ԫ˧Ͻ˵

½ͥʱһۣ˵ŹŹ֣ƺҲɶë
ϾϴѧУ汻ͬѧ򣬻һ䣬ģзִ磬ûػ

ԱǸʱꡭƺҲֻɻϵˡ

ʱĪľʹӦҪȥ
Ҳûʲô͸Ի˵ˡҲҪȥģ˫һµʱҪʲô·

βԻ꿵磬ô󣬻Ҫװġ

ʱвƽѹ׵·ʱڳá
Ͼ꣬½ͥѦٸ׼˲١

·еĳȻҲװӦԵĶ١
ʱһΪڵģֹһ䣺˵˵ҲôôţǺھǰףʣɫƵġ

Ի꿵ʵ㴩׵ĺܺÿ

ϲɫʰ쵡ɫҲ̫ؾˡʱҿһ£ôŮ˵·ôʽȹһһÿ

Ի꿣Ҫȹӣ

ʱ꣺
ŴСȹأȫҶСȹӡ

԰½ͥСʱ򶼴СȹӣԻ꿣ˣСʱƬʲôʱҿûдСȹӵġ

Ի˶ɵˣô֪ģ

ʱ뿴Ȼа

Ի꿣ûУûУȫɾˣһŶûʣ
¾ƺżţûϵͷ취Ҳһɾ
Բʱ֪

һú壬һҲܻءСȹƬʱʷҪǸȤǻ취Ūһġ

˼䣬ʱҲˣԻ꿱ȥϢˡ

ʱ굹ȥһ˺ԺЩԴѾ룬׼ȥһѡ

ļ쵹Ƿƽ˾ת۱㵽˻ʹᵱա

ʱ굽ûԼǰǼ½˸Ӽһ
һֹ磬½˵۹⻹ǺܲġŮأϲɫʣ㵹Ǹʱİúˡ

ٴЩڵʱ꣬ڿ£ͬʱҲԵøӺÿ
վŹһСӡ

½Ȼʮϲúÿˣ½Ԫ˧Ҳˣ˵طʱߡ

½Ԫ˧ӣˡ

½֣ͥ⻰˵ɣ

ȳܿ׷ȥ
½Ԫ˧ȻȻĴյ½ߣ˴ˡʣʱ½ͥ˵һ

һ˲ѻȸ
ʱûϵ½ͥĹԼˣλ㣬ѾǱȺԱԪ˧ͬˡ

ߵˣżӣǿҲⳬǼȨүүŵľԶˡ

һ𾪣λôˡ

˵ˣԻ꿶С硣Ǵ˹磬㲻ȥǱô

½ͥһۣŵģ۸

Ի꿣
Ի꿿һʱ꣬˵ڽʲôֲ¡
ᱻ۸˭˵ùǴùɰڱշɳȥ

ϰ塣ʱЦˣҪȥǱ߰ɣоƻ̬Ȧƽ⡣

½ͥһ䣬Ƥ˹ȥˡ

һ۷׷ף
ǰд˵ʱ겢½Ԫ˧û뵽İ˵ҪȥǱߣĴŹȥˣ

ʲôȵģҪô˲ţҲóšôҲǰ׼ҵĺ󱲣ãתͷ˰׼ô졣

˵ż˷׷׿򼸸հ׵ģʱճ֮󣬿û˿׼ҵЦء

һЩļԭܳĺӣҲǺ˲١ٳôһ㷭ȴվŻ¡

׼ҵˣ
ӺĿ¼ֱάֲסЦˡ

Ǳʱ굽˴жɿ־ӺĶţԷûĴ棬пܻʱȴΪ̫עˣԼ·Сײ˾Ʊ

浹ᶼרŵӦһ̡ܿģ˴ӺȥרõĻ¼任·

ǰɣֳϴҶʮ̬ϡӺҧгݣϽСȥ·ˡ
ֱǶˡ

ʱ곯߿һۣûסЦˡ

½ͥôˣ

û¡˵տһű˵ùȴעһԼߡ

ôԵʱôܸоء

½ͥߣٿڣشҲܵ壬һ㲻ʧ
ЩϢģǧʮľӦ˻ȥ

һһЩ˿񶼱ˡ

½Ƽ̲סʲô˼δϱĲˡ

Ǹ˼½Ԫ˧˵Щֻû뵽Сʱôˮ¶

Ͼʶˣλ磬Ǹ嶯ġȫô£գߴյǽһá

˵ãֻһ£ԱеĸǾͽһˡ

ôӣģƫƫ

ʱ굱ȻҲ
⻹һμԭıүүǸϿûʲô
ֻǿһۣȫûȥк뷨

Ա

ͷʾһۣǱ߱ȥ½ͥע
һʱǰƺҪͬʱ˵ʲô

ʱͼλ˾ƵķѾ˹ʱԾıۣһǰȥ

ǰվűߵʱꡣҪ㲻³ԱȸղŵİӺҡ

ʲô
һ̣ʱй룬ӺǴûΣǹûˡ

ǰ˻˵ʱӲһˣ̸һ̸

һ룬ʱѾԭء
½ͥһ£ԼҲҪԷǱ߶㣬£ǽһ÷ɿ졣

ôӲˤǸǰ˵ϡ

Ӻոջ·ϻʹ׼֣ȴ⸱棬˶ˡ
ôᣬô᲻ʱꡣ

Ǹһʶ׼ңүүֵһȽϵˡ
⡭









 71 



һصĳ, ɱȰӺСײƱҪһʱ֮䣬е˶˹

ǸһƵ֪
Ҷˣôһ

ʱؿڣҺҶÿ졣

½ͥĸ첲, 뵽ʱƮƮָУȻҲ˱Ϸ

ܰһ˭Ŀܹûдﵽ

Աˡ
ǰ½ͥǸҲɫŹ, λ, ڹעʱǱߵһĻ˵ǿ˸

Ƿǹ, ˭ô½ͥǰһýָͷҲ֪ɹ˰
ֱҪǲ½ͥԼŪ, רŸԼӢ۾õġ

, Ӻ㰲£ͻȻһֱʮۣôɫôѿ

תͷһ, ȻӺɫ൱Ĳá

ԱתۼͷӦô, ղѡһ˲˺ܶ, Ψû뵽ԼӲӸɵ¡

ԱɫҲǲ̫á

ԭǿŰԱĶҲûʲôֹھԲ⡣

ֲӲԸأ˭Ĺ
ҪǻãҪǡ

ֳ, 󲿷ֶ˾⻹ʲô׵ġ

С˵ʲô׼⻹˻ȥ, ȥռʮλôҲȥ
½ұĲᣬƷ뻹бֵεġ

ԱɫǿǱˡ

Щõп϶иġ

ǣ˭ҳ˺󱲲÷űףĽҲֻǰ׼ң˸Ц

Ǳߺܿл˹ɨǸһҲȥ·ˣڵջǱˡ

ԱŲȥֱǰˡ

ԱЦΧȥˡ

ⳬٵɳ飬﹩Χָ㣬ȻǶȥˡ

Ӻȥϴּ䡣
ٴҲóˡﶪ˲㣬ȥҲ϶Ҫүү

ʱϲʱվϴּϴֳش
ȷˮڷʱ겻ò鷳һãϴռŵض

Ӻʱͷŭռλò¶ˣҸ㣬һͲߣҪ㣬ذ׼ҡ

ʱĿܿŭҪȥǵүүǰûãŲš

Ӻ˰ΣŴ㣬㡣
㣬ô㣬ѹᱻõ㣬Ҳ¡

ʱôĿ˲˵ֲüһǰϲأ鶼һˡԼҰ˵ȥˣȫȻ¶ǲԼɵġ˵ҺģôҴһӾʮǰɱˣ¶ԼɵģҲͱί
Ȼ⻰϶Ͼ˽ֻԼˡʱһ̧֣ãøշֳ㡣

Ӻ첱Ӵ֣ô궼û£ƫƫһ͡

ȻŴ˰ױ͵Ļƽ

ģӺͶ㡣ʱ˹ȥšˮͷϴ֡
ģ㡣Իˮдһء

ӺǳҪ裬ôϴ̨Ƕ鷳ʲô

Ǹ㣬վλãҪʱܰ㶥ȥʱһ߲һߵ˳ٿЦ뺦ңذɣ
ҹڻûأȥǺúˣһȡ´е

ˣ͡

˵꣬ʱϴּ䡣
治ôѧƷжϲϴּ˺ƣû취ȷǸõط˽ܻ˳Ÿˮ

ٻȥûڴš½ͥҲӦ깻ˣȥ˻ʹĺ԰

ֵͦĻҲࡣ

ƶͦġ

ڱϾʱн磬Ǳߵ滨ݼˣҲûʲôġʲôǧһЩСͦϲġ

ǧǽġ½ͥʱ档

˵ʱ𣬡ôû

½ͥ˵쿪ѧˣҵһûء

ʱʱݡ
ҵѾȫ˽⵽ˡþֿѡ

ϰ壬Сʱ϶ҵżٵһͿʼдԲ䵽ѧǰһҵɣ

½ͥ˵Ҵ󲿷ʱ䶼ѵҵ
꣬Ͼû١

Ҳǡʱ롣
ҵųȥ߻ܼء

أ׸ʲô㡣ͷҪܳһʶȥæɻǸ̲˵

ʹҹ˵ʵǲģǱ߻һ
ȥ֮ܽȫɨС

㻹õĲͻ࣬ͬʱƮڿеĸо

ʱų壬ķ

˵ԴӵǼʣûôߵаء

ϰ壬㲻޳ŷŷôɵ𾢣½ͥ

Ȼȴҡҡͷ̫ˣҲСЩ

û£ˤȥʱ˵нɵñ߶ˡ
ҪˣҲһء

湻ʱҲˣǻȥ˻ʵһǡ

ڻʺ겡ʣлƺҵӰ档ֻøɾûҵ֤ˡ
ȥ걻ϴ࣬ҲѲ˸ϸ

ǱҲѾˣ½Ԫ˧½ɳһ˱һؼҡ

·ϣ˵е飬СʱӦԵãûЩˣΪء

ʱһЦǰ̵̽úãЩǼЩǰ治ᡣ

Ҳ½˵һ̾ͻᡣ
ǸӺ뿴Ҳ룬ѧ㲻Ҳ㲻϶ѣ޷Ƕ໨ʱˣȱ˰Ƶ̣ôȫˡ

ûʱĺհ׵Ǹɫ
ǹƻðӺ޸˼Ұɣһ˭ִֶ֪Ҳõˡ

˵ˣ½Ԫ˧˵ǶԱӦҸط̸̸ɣ

ʱ˵ͷǸ˻Ȼ˵һ룬ڴž˼ˡ

ԱˣλϴˣСȻֱһСôҪʾ롣

ʱһ죬
ǰ棬˼ҶָʹױûԳ

½Ԫ˧ҲԹ㵱²̨

Ҳǡʱ˵Ҫҹ˵үүôкܵ泰Ц̣ͦȴû뵽Ҳôϲȡ衣

˵䣬Ҳ˼ҡ

磬ʱˣ˱㶼ֱ¥ϴϢˡ

죬ʱҲ׼š

ëͻˮѾˣȥԼǱǩٰͬѼһ£Էܿʼ졣

˵վǻûѾ

Щҳ˵˶ѾˣǸ䣬ȫλƬƵʹ˶ڴ߲ƷϽߡ

ǽë

Ͼˮôȫƾ˵һ죬ֲʶ㣬֪Ƥǲһʼڽëûëôôô̵ģЧһֱƵüٽëû·ˡ

ʱʱ磬ƣ˼ҵĲƷù棬ԼȫǼʡ

⵽ʱ϶ָҩƵģ˲ա˵ʱļƷУ滺ĵȼ̫߲ҲͦģǸ

¥ǲɶǸͷɫġùһΣ˲оԼ߲ձգǾûеڶˡҿˣǿá

ʱ꣺һȺ͵ࡣ

ҪϰһʼֹȾ϶ͷȥĶȤ

̲סһ߲ͷÿ

ǣÿҼװ֪Լ˵ѣ

ʱ˵Ķԣÿÿ

һͺܷܡ
ʱҪ˵ʲôˢһ
֪ҹ䣬ô˿Ȥô
һʼе滺ǺáǺأзĶЩʲôǳͷǳëлģߴߴʲôӡҲ֪ʱʱүķ˿Ϊʲô㣬ô򵼣Ҳеġʡǧֿ佱֮ԡ

һˢ˿׷Ϊʱ˵
ʱϷҲúܺã˭涨һҪúϷһ⡣

ͷëƷôˣ費ð㲻ãֱа鷳Ŵӡ

ȻҲкڷ磺
Ǿǣûе֣´γʲôëİɣܷܲõġ

һ۶ǮʲôǮ׬ЩǮ׬ЩΪһʰɣ

Ǹ˿ۣʲô÷۵ģ㻹ࡣ

˿ŭòУһһɻСȴʱѾһдƪġ
㿪һһǣ˵öԣʱʱүķ˿ֱ֮֮ӡ˴ʡ֣֮ķǳǳ㣬Ҳлл佱

һ˲䣬˿Ƕɵˣڷ۵ȻҲɵˡ

ʲô
ʲô˼

ðΣǷ˿ȷӦ׷׹

˼һ۵¶治֪ĳЩڷ۲ٵӵġ

֮лл佱

лл佱



һŵлл佱Ǻڷ۵ˡ

ȻͬʱҲһЩ˵ġ
ûʲôŶôôÿҪ˺ˣһ仰

ԱļҵŶģ

ǰˣҲǰ

˹ҲԲôĽǶȡ
ֻʱ꣡

Աûڣȴĥţʱţ·ҲȷǿҸԼġ

ˣе£

Աһۣ˵ͷȴδز֪ȥʲôġ

ԱСȥǸʱˡ

֪Ա˵ôһӣ׼Ŭһôġ
ڲҪ
ԱЦûõģȥҲֲ˺á

⻰ԱδزڻǾ仰ôܸء

ʱô·һҵʱѦ׼Ե֪ڶ¥
Ѧ˭

ʱЦˣܲµ˭˶¥һţȻľͿİԱ

ЦˣҪң

Ա˵ͷ£ҾҪһ˵ġ

аɣʱ˵ˡ
˳㿴һʲôϷ










 72 



ǳԷĵ, Աȴǵøɲ¥Ƶġûϲˣ˲衣
¥ϵķ䲼ҲǣҲǺȲʱǳõġ

Ա߸Ҳмֱ, ʱͲˡ
Ա֮Ҫʱ굹ʱֹˡ


˵ŰѺĲ赹ˣϴ, ſʼݡ

ˮ, ÿͬʱȴһûУ·, Ҳǡ
ѧԱ̲סʡ

ûСʱ˵ֻǼͦ򵥵ġ
˵Ѿ๤˵ݲ, нˡԼһ, ǵôȣ裬Ҫ, ҪȾ͵úõġ

ԱݲʦȴҲûʲô˵ġ
ˡ

ǰԱЩ, չһЩĴ緶, ˭˼ݵñǻá

ֻõһΪСϲȿȡ

ˡʱ˵Ҹϲ̲衣
ȻҸϲȣרڷôһ

Ƚϲ½ҴԭûôġΪЩ˿ءԱڣҲٿˡ

ȳĬ, ͵£ʮʮո̣ʲô

, ðԱЩסˡ
ҲԽãССͣĲͬ졣

ӡ

Ա̾˿ʼڣ׼ҵȷʮּѣⲻںңϿܾûа׼ˡ

ʱ굹ţϾ½ͥҪһء
ѦٵʱرֵƺǾԼֵͦġ

ϾԼ£Լܲô

мһαϾʹԭĸ飬ĸȥ˱ԵǣǴ£ȻȻ̫ϸ

Աȴ˵úϸܽҲЩ

֮㸸˵ǻЩΪҲΪ˰׼ҡҳ֣׼ҵʱ͡ĸֻǸͨ˼ҵŮǸʱﲻʲôæǰ׼һһʱĺˣܻࡣ

ʱԼֱЦˣױͻǸ
ӣûаԼѾ֪˰Ӻ׶ӵԱ˵ȻԷ˵һ

ңʱ򣬰Ѱױ͵Ϊ˵Ϊ˼岻ѡ

²豭ڵױͣȷƳ̸ҪǻĻ׼ⷭ˵Ҳץص㡣
Ҳֹˡ

ʱֻЩĻǾûʲô̸ˡ

ԱͲܰ۹ųԶЩǵ׷²ţҲûʲôôص׼ң㽫õ࡭

ûʲôΪ㲻ܺߣʵֻܺѡǷԭ¡ʱĻģȫƣôкý

󣬰׼ûʲôġ
ֲǰױ͡

ְ׼ң׼Ҹóˣ֦ҶȲ¶ôÿȺĻЩˣҲ˰ɣǾͦã²òģС¸ᡣ
ϰǰ涥ţںˬ

ųȥѦſڵţʱô

Ѧ٣

ʱ꣺ǲԷô

ѦʱֻгԷԣղûԡŶƺȷûзͽȥ
үô¶۳

ʱСֹûЦ

Լȥ˲̵ͣĳһ٣Żؼҡ
ȥײ½ڳԱָۣһ룬˿ճԹģ

תͷȥ½Ԫ˧塣

½Ԫ˧Χ壬Χʱ궮
ǰȻûΧֲһǵ֡ӻӳȻӷŵʵλãˮƽǺܸߵģ˵±ȫ޵֣Ҳô²ԡ

Ӯֱ֣ˬ

ӮϰӰûˣϰĵ͸ˡ

½ͥ½ͥһ档
κ½ͥ治ᣬֻܷ
аɣʲôʱϷ򼸳

½ͥС
Էˡ

Թ˱һϰ࣬һʵҡ

ȻʱҲûɶϾбءˢˢԣ˳ĥĥûʲôõëҩԷ

ǼиָĿƼֶȥϵһЩëģ޺ҲһӰ춼ûС
ʱţûĨһ¾ûë׻رã˳һµġ

ŲΪ˱ڳأֻҪҪõġ
ҿ϶׬ǮȺˡ

оĹ˳ִ򿪹Կһ

⼸ëȶȾӸ߲£˻üֱ̫ʵ޻ˡ
Ҫһˣɲǳ˽ëô

Ȼ׬ٵġ

϶׬ϴɹѾˣأ˵ĳҩЩɶҲзֳɵģʱʽڵжˣжеһô

϶ö˰ɣ˵ھ͹һһˣϣС

ʵϸ½Ԫ˧ԣ϶˽ʵңƷԴԴϵġ

ϾҪѡδȥʱˣѾˣȥ½ҵľӣ֤ҵ۹ܺá

ȥ½Ԫ˧µһȻڿŲ۶ҲҵģҾúܿܳ

½ҵȷͦġ

ǣ֪˭ϣǰʱпռʱ½ͥԻֶйȥˣΪҪʲôأǱȥˡ

Ϣһ˲̽ˡ
һҵģ£ʱ궼ɵˡ
ļҺװۣ

˭ˣʱпͬʱǱҲţ˭TMĺǶ˵ġ

ǿᷢ飬ֲң˵ʲôʲôڳô˫۾أ½ҾͲᱣֳĬ˵
Ͼϴεܿó½Ѿǰ̫ϵˡ

Ȼܿ˱˳½ֻͥûټĶԣΪʱ굱Ҳóһռʯ
װһѵʳ㣬ôĿռʯ˵ˣ½Ԫ˧ġ

ɶɶ

⻰һǶɵˡ

ʱﾹȻпռʯⶫҲ˲˰ɣô˵ʱǮ͹˰ɣ

¥¸ҵŰôҪ༸ſռʯǧڶǷַˮ¶

ϲȫʲô˼ݹȫֻһ˵ˣǾ½Ԫ˧ȷܡĲ𡯣ΪǮʱ׬ˡ

ʱ粻ʱ磬ʲôûеô
˿ǶˣһĻϲطꡣż确û˺棬ʱ굽ĿռʯôۣҲܿ챻ˢȥ

оУ˼ġ
ֻ֪ʱˡ

ⲻһ˵ȥôҲٳһٸٸëɣ

һƬЦУʱƫƫǼĿռʯˡ
⻰էһû⣬ɻ󣬺ڷ˵ı⻹ݡʱ껹ǳ˳ܾﲻԾ

Ҷô

ֹţǱͿʼХˡ
Ǻڷۡ

ڷʮֿʱô£һ˻ռʯ·׷˳
˵ˣ˿̲ˣʼ

ô˼иø㽻·ôҵĳһ͵ҵĲɣ

˵⻰ķ˿ֻһԣôץסˡ
ڷ۵ȻҲԼпռʯʱпռʯ֣ǾͲˣȫûܡ

ʱʼ
ǼûУǰ׼һأʱĸ׵Ӱ׼ʱѵû͵͵ߵʲô

⻰ֱλεİָ͵ˣһʱ֮˿˻

ѦǱ߷Ӧܿ죬Ѿʱ˹ʱȲҪӦʱܾ鲻򵥣ڰвݡ

ʱգգۣ⻹ôڰвݰ

Ѧ٣

ʱԤг棬˹ģ׼ҵˡҸɵôذ׼ҸŵӺĵλԣңڰԼҲǣȥ

ҪʵҲѡ

ʱϢʱһԻ꿷ġȻҲЩͨѶһ¡
༶ȺӦͬѧҲ׷׿ڡ

һ˹࣬ǫ́ʲôЩĶץһץԻ̲ס

ûʲô¡ʱ߸Ի꿳ŵͬʱҲȥ༶Ⱥһۣ˳ظ˴ҡ

ͷָԻһһЩĻԻ꿼治ãʱҲˡ
ˣͬѧ˵ͬѧۻǲҪӺ죬⼸첻㡣

ͬѧۻ¶ʱ֪ģ졣
Ȼ˵ͬѧۻᣬʵǿѧǰҸһ档
Ǹʲôֱң

ֳ鲻£Ի˵ҿģҲñСǨֱͣ˵컹ܲȥ

ʱ꣺Ǳܰ

УҸ˵øˡԻ꿵

Ҳûϸʱ׼ôӦϵۣϾʱ½Ұһ˵ᵽġ
ֻҪֱ˵УͨѶ

ʱԽԽݵۡ
ǲǳһţϴαʱأϾʱû˰˵һ浹

С͵С͵С͵Ҫ

ʱİļ棬Ȼֱӣ˰׼ҼҲǰԱʺţһ仰׼ûпռʯԼϽ塣

˵ðһʱ֮䵹ס˺ܶ಻ѡ

˿ǶʱǿļƵģһҪڷ۴սףһ׵ģ

ʱ
½ͥԭڿᣬҲת

ϾʱʵǺҪģŵ˵ʱҪô½ҪȫƲǲܵġ

ǿռʯġµ˴ֻ֪ռʯ£ȴ֪ǿռʱɵǰ׼ҡ

½ͥᡣ

Ϳ׼ҿϲϳˡһλϽ

һ϶ᰡֵÿЦ

˵ţǱʱѾַһװ֪㿴üװֻ֤飬ֻ뿴ұԡ

ˣ⡭

һ׼ҾҲϲȥˣΪǱ߰׼ǲҲѾըˣһȺ˵Ҫ𰸡
Ȼв˸翹˵ʲô϶ǰ׼ҿʱһСŲ֨ġ
ܿģͱ˻˻ȥ

׼Ҹʱʲôϵ˭֪Ϊˣģ
˵Ҫûɶ¶ʱôô

ôŵˣҲ̲˵İɣ

֮ǹ˵˵ͷǵǱˣµȰ׼ҳ˵ˡ

ܲס׼װ

ôϵ죬ǿ϶ҪġһλϽ
ǲ֪ʱ򣬰׼˻᲻Ѻڵ˵ǰ׵ġ

վںѦǰԱʱ̸ɫɵ룬ܻѡɣ
ϾһѾѷӪӣ˵һˮ

׼ʲô뷨ǱӦҲǺİɣ
ͻȻ硣

ôС˵Ԫ˧ǵ׼

׼׼ʲô
½ͥʱõĿռ˵׼ʵºúó壬ҪҶ˼Ѱ·

 73 



Ϻҵĳһ, ׼Ҳװװһա
ֱʱ궼ȥͬѧˣûӦ

Ѧٸ·ϿϢԽٳ, ԽҪ¡

£ʱ˵ǲɡ

ѦǵȻ¡
Ͼɱǻп˵壬, Ǿ˵ġ

֪Ϊʲô, ڼϣ׼ұôҪϣǸɴѰ·ɣ

ʱһˢŹ, һ߸ͬѧϵеĳѾˣеĲŸճһסռȻ, ԼǼҵڽ֡
Ƶ·͹ȥ, ʱҫҽĺôء

ϣǳһҲ˿۵ġ
ɣҲ˶Ҽ, ԼҲûٰɣʱ֣˰Աɴ, ҶǴ, ˵а˰һǧ¡

˵͹˹ԡ
ǿƣһֱİ׼ҾԵ˿ûʲôˡ

ЩڷۣҲʼʱ̫ţ䲻׼Ϊʲôˡ

ʱжǾˣϾû, һ¡
ˡѦٵ

ʱƿţ׼ȥ
ѦԱһиҪȥ, Ѿⰲ˱㡣ģǲ̫ҪһǱһݣʧð׼ҳ棬Ĳܻܿᱻ˽ηǱӻ߲¶档

֪ʱ꣺ֲɵ

С£ϾʱͲԼǽһҡ
ҷǿܶЩСᡣ

ѦٹϷţ뿴
ûᡣ

ʱһһԼʳ
ɻ̨׳ء

½ͥõģŻϣЩ;֮Ķ˵ȫ޵Уٻûʲôܶˡ
ԷˣʱͣҲܳŵ˹

ǰˣνһʧ

˵ǵƲ⣬Ӧò֡
ڵصӦڰԱ˵ô飬˳˳

ʱȥʱ󲿷ͬѧѾˡ

ͬϴһӺ죬һشAAƣֻһͨľƵꡣ
һİ䣬˷׷Χк

ԻҲѾˣ֡

ʱʣôʲôʱ

˿˶ˡһͬѧ˵ҸտϢѾſˣԶҲӾܵ
ʱ磬˵ˡ

ʱ㿪˵Ȼøͬѧǡ
ԼһƫͷԻ

ȻʱϸϵòɣܴҶǰͨûаռʯǼ鲻š
Ͼ̫ˣʱò׳һ£ҲδԸһֱЩ

ջ㲻Ǳ߾Ͳôˡ

׼ҡ
ױʣ֣ôظ涼ˣѾ˿ʼǰЩˣʲôɱ˷ļĻֻˡ

Ա˱ۣԼ˼ǲôº֡
Ӷݵǰˡ

ʱǲһˣ׼İϾͷ

ױ͵ĴӦЦȥˡ
¶һʱɾͱˡ

֪һֱˣȻСˣĲ֮һֱܲãҲܲ
һˡ

ʲô׼ûʱͲУ
ôܡ

ʱߣʱԵ𾢡

һȺ˾Ȼ˾ƣʱԼϱϣȾƣϴ˰

£иͬѧû£ȥ

ʱ̧ͷһۣԻѾֹô

Ѿǵһˣϴξ˵ϴλ½ͥ˵·㲻ѡ
ˣûԣ

ȻʱЦһ˼СܵϣʱǽȥһŻȥô
ϾСͦġ

ͬѧӦҲ׷׵˵ǣҼǸСҵýأ½Ԫ˧סĵط˵˰ɣ

ұǴһһ붼ԶסͤȻȥء

ˣȹ֭ҲбϾǱ߻иţ̵ء

ţ̵ǰһͬѧƾϲţ̡ټЩҪӪ

վţЦ̴ƣһ

պܿǰվµǸ˻ȥԻСԺԶԶɣԸûִ绹ܽܣġ

ʱ꣺㲻ʲôô

ҵ˵˵ʱѧУһϢ治Իͨ
һԹϴȺԹСȺڡ
С˵Ǹ˴ţȥ˵죬䡭ЩҾͲ˵ˣлܸȥԪ˧ơ

ƽһҲΪ
˵׾԰ڣӡ

ʱ˻ȥ˴һֹ
ûʲôûԻ꿵

ʱ굹˵ôߵС̸ˣ¥˵Ļ

治ӣͬѧأһҲ

ɲԵ˵ôϴ˵ȥ

ʱûȥΪ˲˼ܾǣҺ˼
˵˵ɶûá

㶼˼ҪΪˣѵҪ˼Ӳɣ

ǼţûãʱĹһ¡
ͷȥʱЩͬѧƺҲõϢ׷״򿪹ԡ
׼ҷˡ

д൱ˮ׼ɱǼٷˡ
ʱ꿴һ飬˼ǿռʯȷǰ׼ҵģʱĸ׵ߵģǰһ˵ķϲ׷ȴʱ˲֪ôƣ֮Ϊ޿̡
Ȼ˳㻹½Ҳһţ˵½ҺƭСʱ꣩Ի㣬ȻռʯҲ˳ȥ

˵ԴʿУᡣǶΣʱһ֪ģǶִҪ½ʮˡ

Ի̲סҲ̫Ҫ˰ɣ

ǡǰʱСŮ̲ס׼һҪôҪ壬ãˮ

ʱ꣬ô죿

ôһˮ˻ô壬㵱õռʯʱʲôƾ֤ô

ôܻУ϶ǻԵɺϵõģֲĻܸɣ

ͬѧǵһűʱ걾˻Ҫţ඼Ϊ˵ġ
ֻǰڽ棬ֹ˵ʲô˭֪ļٵģҪû˼˵ô

ҲãȻĿռʯǶôô

ʱ治ˣκ˻ֹûˡ
ϵһȥֳѵҪţûڻȫѾǼƢˡ

ֻùԵ˼£ûһ˿Ž͹һͲ

ʲôͬѧ֣ʱʱ㲻Ҫɣ

Ȼ㳪Ǻܺǡ
ںǳʱɣ

ȴʱͲͬѧһл󷽷˵Ͳ˵˵ղô˵ҵġ

˶ʱɫͱˣûûС

ǣ˵˵

ʱ꣺ˣҪظһô

˲䲻˵ˡ

⣬˭ûǸʲô
ôһϹڡ

ǻûˣߵ˰ɣ
ʱǿܰ׵вТӣ̨ϵȫУʦ˺УҪûܸ

ذɣ

ʱϻٻ˾ʲôҳԵòˣе£ˡԣټӼˣҼмλͬѧûȹֵ˼ƿƣѾˣؼ

ؼؼ

ô󣬴Ҳ֪ʲôҪȥæϽ˳ȥ
һ¼ӵĲ˺;ƾˣ˲ɸпʱǴ󷽣ͣԺҪ˼ˡ

Ʋ˰ɣóǺóԾǹ󣬸ղҶûõ㡣

ԳԳԣϽģ

ôõľǰûȹʱ󷽡

ǣǰ̲ס˭֪ôǮ˼ҿռʯõİɣ
ܵͣԭӦġ˻Ͳأ˲쳹䡣

ˣ

ǣʲô˼⻹˼ҶءԷ۶Ƕûġ

û˵ٻǱˣҲƹˤˣ͵ôԼ롣

⻰˵þ˵úˡ

κΰ涼ʵҵģҲ˵˲棬Ȼ첻⣬˰ɡ治С
ܳһŮ̲ס˳ڣ´ٸֵд

úõնˡ

ټвͬѧڹעϵϢԻ꿱վɢ˾ۻᡣ
¥ߣͬѧͱסˡ

ͬѧǻûءһ˷˹ԱߵĻʱڹʾʵ

ȫֵͣͦģ˸ֱʵʱ겻˵ô

ˣ˵죬û˵ġ˷Ǿ¶е㸴ӣԲŸŻ˹ˡ

ˣ
ҷҾ⣬㣬ʱ硣

ЦˡղžòŮ˵˵˼Ұæô˼ûˣԼɣ

˿һۣ滹ôľƺͲˣɲҪģǹǡ

Ҳûٳ԰

ɲǵġ

ԱʱϵĲûAA棬λҪģֻЩǵǮ

һ£ǸŮͬѧֵˣҲ˵㣬ǮҲ˭
ˣͬ·

ͬѧǷ׷׾ô뿪ˣʣֻԼʣʮֲ붼ˣô

ϱϣڻһС͵ء

ɵǰǸͬѧô˿أҪ汬ȥˣѻ˭

ЩѾʱˣ˷ǱʱѾظ˰׼ң
˵ʮջ⻰Һ½ͥǸȻ

Ȼʲôȴûʵжǲ֤׼˵ģ

ҪǱԩˣ˼һСʱ
ʱظⲻ»ͷǺڷ˵ұôǼӷôĵ¡ҪٱƱƣǸɴûˡ

㲻İɣҪʱ磬Ҳġ
ʱظģ꣬ʵڿϳԣֱӿС

һ·ظżǻ˸ͨѶ
ТӣȰϽѻȥǸ

ױͽӵͨѶʱ򶼻ûӦŵ֪ˣ˵

ȻǸʱϽˡ
Ƕһ䶼ȥ

ױͿɸ˸ᣬ³ԡ

ֻ˵ҿֻеСҵǧٻķԡױ͵ĴСܰӣ̫˰

ױͣӵˣ˵ѧУ˼ҡ

Ǳʱȹʮӣ㷢һ
Ȼ˵ҵĿռʯǴӰ׼õģӦʶɡ˵˵һָ͵ģ͵ģ͵ġϸҵÿԵ϶Բϡ

Ҳ̫ˡӺ˭˭֪Ǹռʯʲô϶˵ԭʯʱǸʲôûá
˵Ѿ˹ԣȴߵⳬһɿȸֹˡ

磬ûᰡ

ò㡣ⳬٵʱðȥ˵ʱô趼Ҳ׮¡׼Ҹʱ滹пԭǴȫɵӰɣ
Ұţˣٷһҵǲøжȡʱ˸İŷ

߾籾ƵúܺãԱȻҲûã˵˿ռʯֻԭʯͷֻ
ױͻֹΪųɣֱǽָģ˺ӿռʯԭʯͷô

ȴʱһ𰸣ʾ
ᣬʮ㣬ɢ










 74 



ʱϢһ, ׼ҺǶˣһֱעҲˡ

ѵ֪ʱóһ״Ŀռʯ, Ҳȫ˵Ǳô

ʱϵ¶ǾҪ춼˵塣

׼ԱˣֱӵǸ
ʱظϢ㡣

Ǳţô£ɵû뵽, ½ô, Ҳû뵽㣿

ݵõϢʱиͬѧ, ոظϡһϢʱûƵꡣ

ƵǱҲˣƺ, ߵʱʱ, ûᡣ

ʲô

᲻̬Լ˳ˡ

ô˵, ڻܷ˸岻ɣɾͶ, Ժ˵ʲô

ԱЩ, ˱ۡ
һ׼Ҹ½ȥӣ׬ˡҪˡҲʧһ׼ҶԣȻҲۣһܽܡ

ðǰЩ߰ˮùȥ

һܶ˶û˯á
Բʱꡣ

ʱȥ֮ȥͬ½, 껹ȥϷһѣڶ쵹ѵõû
֪ʱĵˣʱ, һ˯Žˬ

еģϾֻҪˣ鶼½ͥڰţѦڸ졣
ȫ̱ܣ˵ˣ½ҵµϽ㲻Ūʲô

м̲ס½Ԫ˧ͨѶ½Ԫ˧ֻЦеıʾҵҪ

½ͥһֱܿףⳡסˡ

ҽӵϢ浱ⷢǸ̬׼ϣźݻġ

ýӵƵİ档
мǸʮǵֱ

̲סô״ڰɣ

ԱͰԱȻע׶˲üͷһ
ֻϣûҪôרҵͷ

һ룬Ǳ۹Ļʦռѧоʦȡ

һ£ѴҶˡ

λʦƺʮ˷ܻʱͣĽʲôΪֳеûͲֲ󣬱ų̂¡

ԱͰԱ˲վ
ԣ

ʱʵǾ˳Ȼȥʱ½ҵʱѾû˻ͷˡ

ֻ£ĥһʵ벻ԷʲôС
ѵЩĴʦǣܼһռʯûڰ׼Ҵɣ

ֱЦ

˭ҳ֤飬Ǹҳ˭Ű

ʱʱ̵̨

ѻͲ˸мһվԱߵĸλʦҲסˣô£ôˣҪ

ʱ˸ơ

ֳˣſʼηΪʲôҶķϻҲ˵ˣ˵ۣǹҲ̫

ֱ⣬ڰ׼ĸǼҵĿռʯһ£ֻ˵ҸǳصǸĻᣬԼϧ
ҽͼˣǧǧҲвٽͼġԱ׿˵ģǶǿռʯ½ͥģɲǿռʯ

һȫԾ

ʲôЦһߴǰϣһСӴȡһӶѲʳѵǼٵġ

ġʱЦ㷽Ҳ˵ˣһСӣǿռʯʯͷϰϵ

ɲСװĿռʯô

˶Ϊġ
ʱô˵ֻûƣΨǼĸרҴʦһ˷ܡ

⺢Ӹɴֱ⣬ϲ
Ҫôռ

ռ似ǿǡ

½Ԫ˧ĸѦĵϵǣ֪о˿ռ似ƳһֲƵĿռŻרһˣΪ˸Է֤ⶫģȻҪʶһ¼ǷĴڡ
ĴڣĳѲգǵǮɡ

ǱʱȻҲʹ죬ֱ־ͰСӽ
Ȼչʾͷչʾ

ʱ˲ףôʮǵͷΪʱʢյģΪôһССĴӡ

ʲôѵ˵ǿռ

ʲôЦ²ħɣ

ͬʱֱͬҲۣ
Ĳ˵еû͡

ռЦİɣħ˵İɣѵ½ҺʱһϣôһУ

¥ǲɵħǼٵģֿԼһЩɡʮǣħʦҲ䲻˰

⾿ʲǫ̂Щжôʲô

ͼʱѾСӷȥĸչʾһ飬֤ûض
ҲŵĻǡʱ׼˵дʦרң½ҵˣƼһˣһ֣Ӻ顣֮𲻹죬ⲻϴ˵ô飬ܲ˻ˡ

ӺǺ޶ʱ꣬˽ֳ뿴ѡû뵽ûʼͱ̨

ʱʮִ󷽵İǬһҲʲôֽš

һ£ûװʲôռʯռռʲôġ

Ӻʮϸ©һ㡣κûʲôɿģϸ⻬Ҳ񣬸޺岼ܲضĵطûС

ʱҲ

ļߺϵĹ̲ˡ
Ӻôôīѧѧ˼ʱòãʹ

ҶҪǲǸ£ڹʱء

ܲܿôһӣͷ߶˺öˣŻˣ

оһ£ӵȷû⡣

ðΣӺŵˡ

ҡʱ˵оòƣֱþȡ
ȡ

Ӻ˵ôܣ㵱ռ似Ǵס˲˲˲˲ˣ
һСģȻĴȡˡ

Աͷˣôֳȥʲôģ

ԱɫҲǼѿֱ
٣㿴ô

ⳬٻһأ˵طϢǻʱ仹磬ʱ䵽˺Ѿˡ

Ǳȥ˵Ӷ˽ˣ˴үүˡ

ⳬٿŹϵĻ棬ҧ֪ˡ

ֳʱˡ

һڵרҴʦĶǸռӺͷˣһֱŲܣͼҳǲˣȻʵȴͳһһʳ

ãСӶʲôһռѧרҵһѶӺĿռҿҿǿռװ˺öġʳ
еרⳡó˳顣

רҴʦҲʾ׷״ȥŴȡŶ̨Ϻܿһѵʳ

ʱꡭ
ʱһء

ỹǳɹҲˡ

˸ǲΣռ似Ѿоô˭ô
ûΪʱֻ꣬ʶǸˡ

㣬ʱȻʱ磬˵ֻӲأ

ҵİ׼˵Ŀռʯأǲ˵ռʯô˼ֻǿռô˵

ԲǸղ˵Ǹӳ󣬰ҲˡҺˣܹõһ

׼ҳ˵װ

ڷأûˣ

ʲôǼٵء

Цذ㣬ٵģǿǰӺּȡĶ˵̨֪Щ˶˭ôǶǴʦרҼ½һܰǶˣˣҸұ֤ǶǼ˲ţȦӰۡ˵װϲķǸǰڼڣǲ˵ֹˮҲûô

̨ϵЩרҴʦǵȷһĶܷһλ״ʦʣֻڻ˿֯ĲôײΣܲܡ

ռѧרҵô쵽ģоһӣû뵽һ죬ռ似ĳ

Ӻͱ̨£Ҳ׷ʣֳҳһţ˿Ѿ˹ˡ
òи߷һѣ˵ллȴԷʵ㷽ֽӴռģʲôָУȡ

Ӻһİƿˡ

һĻҲͷôֱ˳ȥʱһ˵˵ѡ
ȻҪǴ˹ע㻹ڿռ似ϣᱻøҾˡ

ѦѦٵȻҲڳʱ鷢չ¶˸˵Цݡ
תƼվ̨ϳʳʱ꣬ɣ

Ͽа

½ҵЩϽнٽʲôģɵˡò׷Ӧǵռ似ǣǿռ似

Ԫ˧ÿ湻ģֲ˵׼Ѱ·ء

׼ҡ
ͬĻЦ׼һƬء

ױͺȰӺء
ôܣôأǲⰡ

ԱֱӾǰһڣ˹ȥ









 75 



ε԰׼ʵһصòٳصĴ
ʱÿռĻ, ˵˼ҵĿռʯ˼ѹûпռʯ

ܲ˵ˣұҲûռʯ, еǸռɣ

ң
ʱʱѡʼʣ˵ҵı˾˰һ˵ʱǿ˼ǧ, ЩֻڱԵǹ, ô˾͸ϽǮ
û֤ͱ˵˵˶, ҲҪóһ׼ǰпռʯ֤ɣ

һԸʱȻǴҪģҪ½ҡ
һ, ½ҵǸˡ

׼ȴǵ˹ȵס

ʱ껹ûû, ѰԱ֮ǰƪתһɹһθʻ
, ǧ˶⻹˼˵½ҿ, ½ͥЫĳ, ׼һȥ׼ʲôѽŶӦýΪ񣬲ر

˵ţųǰױ̸ʱ¼
е֤ʵ, ҵȷйȥ׹뷨ҪǸӺء

ԱǸոתѾͿЩЩ˹ȥ
òס, ץԱߴͷϵĲ豭ױͷң˵ʲôܲѧ˵

ױͣҲ֪¼

Сܡױ͵ĴӣǰѰ׼Һ˰

ԱһΡ
ʱˣֵܶ˻˵ģڻжΣָ

߲ùǱϵȴַˡ

һʱ֮䣬Ҷ֪Ǹ׼̫ǶǧʲˮΪѰΪѣ

ҸСˣǰ۹ʱӦеʽҾưھ㲻û뵽ôռȿ϶˸üǮĲƷԼҺֳɾԲ٣֮ǰ½Ԫ˧ֵʵģҪһ󲿷֣ڿûС

ô󷽵ϰ壬ֲʱĵҪأҲԲְ

ʱʽǿ˰ɣ

ȷʵȻںܶǮδûʲʲǾôóôֽҲǼ׵ġ

ĽҪ˵׼治Ҫ

ֻҵĿ⻹ڿռʯôռʯռʯǿռʯ֮ô

̫TMˬˣҾ֪ʱԹԶŰֻˬ۽С

׼Ҳʧķˣǵˡ

ܸɳɱ˷ϱļңܺõȥɳ飬ҾһҲ⡣

Ͱ׼ҽ̣㿴ǼҳİӺٿ泤ʱ꣬𡭡ǰ׷˻һʼҲôǸױ͹һ֮š

ҳˣۼ׼ҲУҪѺڹ˦ˡ

ױͿŶˣŮ˶񶾣ʲô¶

Ա˱ۡ
֪֪˾ʱûѡҲûԷȻо˿ռ似

˻ʱƼģʱˡ
֪ˣ֪˵˵ʲôҲѹס˲롣ǳʮ꣬ڲзĻˡ

ʱǺڱԵǻ˳ɾͣǱ̵ǽǺεģ
ҵⳬ٣¶ġ

˭뵽ء

Աڴϣ̾˿׼ңˡ

ҲȻϣһһ˸Ųһ侮ʯ½ҿʼ׷ǰһ¡
ƣϸ۷׷סѾϴΰ׷˵ʱģˣĳŲȥˡ

ʱ꣬ʱһ߳űۣһȺͬѧ졣

ԭ˵û¾û°һһϣֲʣô򵥡

һֱ֪ʱ纾ڲ֪ԭôԺҲò˼ˡ

Դ

ȣʶռЩרҴʦһɲˣ׷ҪǸоռ似֣̽
Ȼ֮ǰ̽ǧٻ֭һ½ͥˡ

ͬǣǰ˼һ֪ʱģͷѹ˭ŪĶ

˸У֪˭϶ʱйϵȻôռ
Ƿ׷׵ʱꡭ

ǵ˽Ҳת½ͥǱߣѦרŰ˸˻ظЩϢ

һר̲ס

һ״ʦ˵ǿɲǰʱҩҵôʱ꣬һûҹȥġ

ոռʶռ似רҴʦǴһŶԲߡͻȻиС˵ȥõĻʱܿɣ

⡣˵

ǸСԥһ£λж뻹ʵʱӰеҲ֪ôݣ֮˵ƺ̬Ⱥõ̬Ҳã̬Ȳ㻳

֪֪ǻʲô̬ôЩƢ㲻֪

ÿ챻ɹС

ֻҪڹʱǵȷ˵ӡ˿ʼùԣʱ꣬˼Ŷһ
ʱãǻ״ʦXXX˴ðΪλоռ似ѡ
һ֮󣬿Ϊ̬Ⱥã˾лʣ˵Ǹлʱλܼʶռ似

µãʱ꿴ͰǰͷƵģֻһ仰˾䣺
лңҪл͸л׼ҡ˵ʵǣż϶ھ˾֪

λרҴʦǣأʶһµأ

Ȼѿɲʲôʶһ²һµģ׷ˢţ
ûǵøл׼ң
л׼ҡ
л


ͬ죬˷֣
ʱѡ֮ӰԼҩ츳ˣи˿ܵ˫Sǽһڻʶһռˡ

ѡ֮ӣʲôʱôѡ

˷ûʱǸ˿ϲõĻ׶һѵжϲǿˣͷҲȥϷһ̨һġ

֮һƬϲأʱ˹¥
½ڳ㣬Ͻкһԡ

ͬ½˵һС飬ʱһȡ̡

ֳԷ֣ʵ½Ľѡ

½Ԫ˧ʵۺ½ҪûѰ׼Ūֲܻ侮ʯȻʱҲɵ飬Ҳһȥæˡ

½ͥȻֻæ

ˡ½ͻȻ˵ҪͬѧӦеġ

Ի꿽һϲ󣬼ʱһܱ̫ˣǸᶼҿʪˡ

ʱĿʪˣ

۽ǰԻֱȻΪĶ

ʱ꣺Ϊٷ޵ȫʪˡ

Ի꿣

ҲģϾԼҸǶڻɣҲȷ˻ʺҺģǿԻ꿵ˡ
Ȼûң׼ǰҿһ壬Ҳ˺һӡ

Ҹ˵ҰһЩڹ˰׼ҡ鶼ô棬Ժֵµ˻ܰĸô

⵹ǡ

Ҳ½Ҳã½Ԫ˧ȥ飬ɼʮӡ

ҲΪ½ˣ˳Ĵ˵ȳ֮¡

Ͼ֪Լ˶ʱ϶æ½Ԫ˧һȥæֻʣ½һˡ
ȻԻ˲֪ĳæˣæųԶô

ôӶˡ

϶˷ˣ㵹СԻ꿵

ʱ꣺ûʲô¶ˡ˵ţһ£ʱһ۱ջĿ⡣

Ի꿣ôô

˵ţѦٻˡ
½ˣʱԪ˧һȡ㶫

½˵Լȥȡɣ֪Ķɣ

֪Ѧ˵ű˶¥ʱ߼ţûɶ£иҷţǿҴ࣬ȥǴ棬˵ǸǸܶ󣬶ʲôȳľӢ˲š

½һ̧ͷĸУͷһҪ˵һȱСʱȥ

ǱѾȡ궫ѦٵЩǩĺͬϲôа㴦ʹ죬Ȩ޿ûԪ˧󡭡ҶҲкܶ࣬ȫ˧ı硣

½˼ֱ뽫һ߳ȥ

ʱǱߺܿ˵Ҫ

˵˵ϲʲôģҸҡѦͣ

½˵Ҳ֪ʱû˸ϳȥҲʱ꣬԰СʱҲ쵽ˣϲʲôģ

ʱ˵Ŷʮ͵ˣ

ϲġԻ꿼ԼСÿ͵ȫУ֪Լ˵ġ

½һ룬ӿɲôȫǼҲҲһˡ
һ

Ҳǡ̸ʱ룬ұȽϺóԣܽҳʳ˼ϹһӻǮԻԶ˷֡顭ŶԼܽҪǰæһ·͸ˣöԡҪңһҵĲҸǮô󷽡ȻҲҪɣԲܿ١
˵˼׮Ի̲סѻҸ

ѦٸֱӵãҸ˰㵱£

Ի꿵ˣЩڱ

УҹҹôѦټʱ룬Ԥвᱻܲҡ

ʣʱ껹ֹţŶҪңˣҸôܽ
˧ȻҲǱģȳиҲֱܵҰɡ

½Խ۾ԽЩӶϰ
˲Ҫ֮⡭СʱǰȷأҲֻϴΪ˻Ժ࿴ŵԲ顣

½Ǹϲֱϻ˷ܡһʼ½Ԫ˧ΪΪ׼ҵùˣϸһѾ˻
ǡ

ϹϹûأ½Լȱﲻסˣ֪ôʱҲϲ۶ӡ

½Ԫ˧ô֪ġ

Ҹ˵졭½˰ôһ˵ֵЩǸϳõһ仰ô˵ţͲ۶ӵĹ֤ˡ
Ҹ˵ǧᰡ

½Ԫ˧ɻΪʲôⲻͦϲСʱôǰ컹ĥôֲԵ̫ء

ְ
½˻밡ǰûһƲʱ϶ĶҲ󣬵һ඼ˣʲô
ʲôҪôǳС⣬׷ȥɣ

Щˣòҵܿ۶Ц˵ܴô








 76 



½ͥ˿֪Լſ, һæ˺ü죬ڰѰ׼ҵǳ㶨ˡ

ʱ꣬ǻ˼Ϸ

ΪԼ, ҲһѾս½ҵģ׼ҵǵһЩ˷İɣ֮ûʲô˷ˡ
кܶ಻֪˸Ϸʼ, Ҳܣ
ʱǸС͵㻹, ʲôۡ
۲ǰͦϲġ
Ͻ, װҷС͵㡭

ʱ˵ǼôûϷء
ȻȺ, ϵǲա

ʱЩϢɾ֮, ȥɺ󣬱ϾΨϷҵˡ

ȴ룺пһ, ͷԷ

ʱʲôҲܸܲȥ档
Ѿٸֳ

һ, Щһ, ԭڽһս

ʱϽܿҪһô£Ǳ߶Ѿˣðԭʱķ˿һУ, صͦ

һУͬѧأⲻǡɺϣѧУûôһѧ

Ȼ˭˵Ͻ, УݣʱҲվŰˣôѾһɿһܻױɿһᡣ

ɳ׼ʱָսϵͬѧϽϣʰǼܻס

ǽӴʱģҲǶԶԷΪ˽ġۿʱᣬͣ϶ͣˣɴཫʹˡ

ôָˣͬѧǱ˵ˡ
˼ҴĲǣһ÷ɿ죡

һУʦ̲ס𣬡ɣ㻹ָӵͦ𾢶û˲ѧУô

˰˵˼ҴǶУģ˲ռײռ

ֱӵǶУȳֵģǡ

ʱ˵ⲻҺô
СӲʵϰ

һĻ߶ıԶʤǡľҪŰ

żʱڣǱ߾ȻʦһУȵȣһУÿƺУҪ翪ѧһڣǲ˵
˼Ѿѧˣ

ʱĬĬз˷ȷˣѧˡ
ǵһ

˵ƤʱЦһƤľ磬ѧУ֯ĶԿ͵͵Ԯ

˵
󣺡˵ʦôû룬ٽô졣

أ
ǽûƤɣ

˵ʱҲ֣׶ѧʱܸ½ͥлصˣȻܿһ浹ˡ
УҪˣֱ˵˾һУģŵơ˺ܾȺѧţǸ⡣

ʱĵˣұһʹ
߸ɴϴҪͳԷҪƤġ

ʱȥԼˡ

˼죬Ǳ߰׼ҽѾˣȥԱһЩ˷һ˵Щ뷨ӱˣҲٲóЩѪ
ڰױͺ磬Լ׼ˣȻһʣȫߣˣֱӽȥˡ

ʱҲӱԵǻˣĻס

ʱʱ°׼ҵ£˵ֱ

ǰסĵطڣѾճװ˺ܶҪĲϡ
үհѻȡ룬ʱһȥͿ˸ۡ

ߴķѾˣɫҲǻһʱܴɵĴ

ÿÿ
ʱ̲ס

ǰɣһ˽뱲ӵѪƣӦҪӭļˡ

ʱ˵ͷҿҪռԪأԡ

ǿʼϸо

ʱһЩ׷飬ܶණǿѧһ£һʱ֮Ҳѽн׵鶼ꡣ
û˾ע֪ʶ뷨ۻⷽ˽ʮ񣬽ǳͨ׶

ټʱȻǸС񣬵ôҲЩΣûа⡣
뷨ʱ겻ɵһŰ

ôƳܻҪѰS׶
⻹ֻĳ룬֪ռ似ѾƳڻƵڶͼֽʱٷһ

֮⣬ͻףȴΪװ˿ռ豸ͣٶҲͻףֱȡ֮϶Ϊһ
ʱ
ʻܻףʱ룬Ǹýôһ硣

ȻҪĻľӵ㡣˵˫S½Ԫ˧ʻܻҲ˿˷ľȫӳ

ʱĳȣ˵òСһ춼ڵ棬ŻȥڶһҪ
ȫˣҪѧˡ

ֱͬѧǶȺҪѧϢŷӦ
⿪ѧûôʱ˰

˸У½ͥȥУС١

أУ𣬡ΪǻϵĿȥˣԣǻϵҲõ°ꡣҩϵĻпأʦͲѧˣ

Уѧѧϰǽһأ˻ʱꡣ
ҩϵƣʦСء

Ҹ˵½Ԫ˧УСǰһҲͰˣѧУӵģʽĿοɲܲϡ
㲻ΪЩ¶ŵѧϰҪ֪ʶʱ򡭡

½ͥʱ꣬գգۣûŭ𣬴򿪹ԣģѧϰ

½ֻͥñڵڼҲѧϰʹˣѧ˺еĿγ̣ҪҲԻ¼ʦݣͷ

ʲôãʲôѧϰΧУҪٺ½ͥѾ˵㿴ڶѧϰء

ǱߣʱΪװģǳģѧ߶ţڵĹϵʮֽܣһܻ׵Σ֪ܵ

½ͥУֱҪˡ
ʲôҵäôҩѧ֪ʶôҩѧʲôʱѧκڵĹϵˣ

½ͥҲʱ߲꣬ŷӦ
ѹû⵱£һֱڿ顣ڸףɲö񲹻֪ʶô

һ޹ģ½ֻͥõҩѧ֪ʶķһ´Զԡ

УҪЦˣ㿴Һһɵô

½ͥ
½ͥѧʱûܹΪʱܵУѹ

ҲУӲԪ˧ҲܵѧϿΣûĵʱ츳Ҳôˡ

ʱж
ȻУܲΪҺҵģ£

½ͥüģУӦҲǰ;ЦѧʲôԸʱҲ²Żᡭ

ʲô¶УϴΪصȼ滺ǾĶҾͲ˵ʲôˣʲô׼ȥ׻ռЩҲòǡ
½Ԫ˧ұǺƷģʵǡ

ջû½ͥ˱˴졣

ʱԱʵûסһֱЦ

½ͥû¼ôˣ벻ôϲѧ

ʱ꣺
ֵøˡ

½ͥʵУ˵еǱֲż

ҼʱϾܿ˻װ
ˣ԰æ٣ţ

½ͥΣȻԼѾ顣һУУУλУ˵ٴȥҲù
˸ӣȥ½Ԫ˧顣

½Ԫ˧û뵽гһջѧ١
ϴθ飬Ǹ½ͥ˼ȥǰߴ̡

һΪҽЩûҪˡ½ͥߺ½Ԫ˧̲ס

½Цŵû취Ҷţ۲ݣҪҸҵģûˡ
Сʱ˵ҪҸЩµˣⲻǾóˡϰɣδϱǰˢøа١

½Ԫ˧ٻˡ

½ͥ˾ôģ½Ԫ˧װһβģѧģʱǻۡ㵽֪ͣôӦУˡ

½ͥ

ʱһ룬ʲôϵôãվûӦУľ顣

գգ۾ȡըԡ
óԣҲ֪˭ġǰƺֻʲôĻУ˻ը廨⡣
ζҧһڣֱˡ

ʱ꣬ûˡ

֪ܳԣ½ûࡣԼͲҶֻһСĶʱġ

ֻǷǰһԣҪ

Թʱ׼ȥȦ½ͥ׼˵˵׼ҵ顣
Ÿ׷ȥͼʱüϰ壬ٻҪõ㲻а

½ͥҧгݣҲУ

⸱ҪǸѦٿܶԶܶԶܲҲԹװ
ʱ귴ЦˣڼС۾ͷ
ȻУ

½ͥ⸱ȵòУƫƫֱöͷðβ˵
ϵģҸ˵

ʱͷǰߣ㻹ܴҲɡˣܰߣΪ˳ͷҺ˵˵ҡϷڶ¥죬ȥܲˣȥ׶ս

½ͥ

ǣִСʱɣ˶ˣȻûסġ
õģϻ𱬵ıⶼˣ

ʵ½Ԫ˧ٴολ֪ʱ˿д꣬Զ϶˱ز򵼣ǰԲΪԻʡЩ鷳

ּ½Ԫ˧ͬʱλ֪ʱ˿дꡣ

ϣXXXXXX½Ԫ˧ͬλʱķ˿дꡣ

ôл㱵ģϷʱѾѣһƬ顣

ƫʱĹע㻹ڣϰ⻹ǲаҶӮһ

½ͥ
½ͥ
½֪ͥвС








 77 



ѶʱûʲôӰ, ˾ϡϵĻ׺ţ͸ûνˡ

˸ǷȥʵҴ˻, ȥϢˡ

ԭԽϣӦԽǡ˯ʵһԵ˶ʱڲѧ, ҲһͰֱӵˡ
˯βô

ڶȥоס

ѧУͬѧ֪ʱ, ԻǸ¼ϿƵˣȻõС
ȴʲô֪, ûΪҪѧ

һ֪˼ˡ

áһͬѧ̲סʵҲѧ𴲵ʱֱǲûԼӴ

˵ԭʱÿôæôǰʱܳΪ, ߶, ֱӲѧУˣ

Ǯô׬˵׬ôࡣ

Ǹ֣뵱㶼˰, һȻԼǲۻˡ

ᵽǧʲͬѧ鲻ϡо֪ʶ, ʱѧʱʲô, ٿڡ
˵˼ұͲǲʲôҲûһֱ鷳ء

Ŭѧϰɣŷżˣ

ѧһ, ǲѧ

ҰҸǰʦң˴ѧͺˣûˡʵ, ¿ѧ飬Ϊ˴ѧʧ

Ի꿴򿪹Ե¼ܣ׼ʱ¼Ρ
ͬѧסУ߶ϻؼʱƼУſƺվŸˣе죬ͣ¿һۡ

Ȼǰױ͡

˭ԻͣûֱͣӾ뿪ˡ

׼ҵˣױͺȻùˡڳԻ꿹ʱġ
ϧʱ겻ϿΡ
Ի꿻ǰ¸ʱ귢˸ͨѶ˵ˡ

ʱһ½ͥŸ˵׼̫ù
ϾԱһЩڵʵϴûܶµģڰ׷ǰ¼һЩ飬ֱץ

ʲҲͬĳһЩ⣬ױͺסûˣһһС档
СӣǱ߽Ӽõġ

ϾôҲǰӺ׵治ܾͰӺԼȥӣҲǡ

Ͼ˭ʱƵģԡ

׼һ壬̨֮ôңвʱ˵̫ˡ
ʱɲţ˻ȥ
ôҷ˷ǰ˵Ӳʱ䣬֤Ͻϵ㻹˰ǻǸ׼Ҷޣôضˣ
˵ҲҵںĺڣôǺ˵˵Եֱˣֻ˾Ӳ̫ʹ

֪ô֪ûϿε˵ЩʱֱԹʼ׷ϡ

ʵ˵ʱı˵ĶԼһҲ򵥲ȥЩطѡ
ʱǬɾˡҪڻÿռ似ȴûôס

ǲ⣬Ǭʲô϶УѡĵطͲˡ
ܲװɣǲܡ

׼ʮֳݣʱ·ʱġ
ԭʲô滻Щѡ֣Ҳ֣ǲҲõĶʮס

ʱ챧ЩϺ͵Ĳϴתææµµı嵱ȻҲûС

죬Ѧٸ½ͥƼһֻ˿ȸޣ壩ӺԺɻצϻ˶

Ѧ٣
ѦپˣôްͲܳ谮ô

˿ȸͷһۣʱʱ

Ѧľ룬ܺãνĳ谮Դ
⵽㡣
мֻϲԴģΪߣè°ء

⹦򣬽˿ȸѾ½ͥʱ껹˵ϰ壬ҪվŹ۵ģѦ˵ģŰޡ

Ѧ˵ҿû˵ֻ

ø̫鷳硭½ͥһ٣ʱ˷׷׿˹ȥ
˵ȡӰɣ

Ѧ˵Ͽ̫еˣӣλ㡣

½˶ˣϽ׼ѵӣȴû뵽һǱʱı壬е޽˿ȸѾ½ͥһȦֱԴ˸ѡ
䱾˸ŵҿ㡣

Ѧ˲ֵǵĿԪ˧ɵ˰ɣ

½ȴͻȻЦˣϴͷͻȻˣҲǱôѹİɣ

һ˲䣬˶Ķ˹
½Ԫ˧һԭô

Ѧٸ𾪵òУ֪ô
Ԫ˧㵽ôٴƵġ

½ͥȣôһıӹȥ

ʱʱɳһ˸Ż˭أ˭Ƶġ

ϸһ룬TMǡ
ڳĳѦ٣˭Ҳ½Ԫ˧½˷ͦ˼ģĿԽˡ

£ѦҲ²˰

˵Ԫ˧ͷⳡٺڣҲϡѦֻһ䣬Ԫ˧οడ

½ͥѹûȥŽ˿ȸȥˡ
ðΣ˵һ䣺
˿ӽ˿ȸѵǺܰô

ѦӶ£ͻȻôһ廹һ¡ðβ૵Ԫ˧û뵽
ƽ￴ͦģ澹Ȼֶ

棬滹档


ҪдһⰮáڡԼѦ˵ԴĽ˿ȸ⻰ѾˡҸұ֤˿λܶƻ߸ɴԼȥһƵĴȥǺûûԿ׵֡
գҲֻʣһ䣺Ųô
ΪʲôҪ벻أ

½ͥΪʲô벻Ѧ벻ףױҲ벻ףһֱУſڣΪʲôûʱķ

⼸һֱȥ춼ɫŻ
ûʱ꣬ƼԼǸСӡ

ܴױͱ߿űֹţУľôһϴһˣ춼ɣ

ڣĿһѵˡ

ϸ˵ҲѾ̫СǣѰ˼ôһӿסǵֵ÷űڡڰ׼˾Ͳһˡ
ǶǴСʳӸǴûߣֹһһӼһԭԼռĵطܵ˲Ź֡

ôױͻ˵壬ҵǸʱˣ

ױҡҡͷǣӺأҲû

˼ʲôǱߴסţ˭ԸǼһС˵ϧûôݣȻҲͶȥˡ
˶壬ӣôûһܿסء

ױͣ

ǰױ͵ĴЦ⺢ӣǰѹǰǺģҲ֪ô̵ġ

ױͣ㡭

ʲô˵ľ䲻ʵ
ԴӰ׼Ұˣױ͵ĴųʵԭûүӾˡٸı뷨ʱҲ޼£˵뷨ͷβûں
ʱǷһѵõûױͳϾҪӰӺء

Ͼϰߣż죬̲סˡ

ױȻɵű˻ȥ
鶼ãԽ˵Խɴ֡

Աߵ˸æܣױ͵ĶӰӺֲڣĿء
Ծƫܣиû˰ױš

ʱ֪¶ʱʵѾǰױͱסԺȻһЩ类׼迴ǵ˵Ц˵ġ

ʱȥ½ͥױͶˣǹԶûȥ

ûȥ
½ͥӺһֱڽӴԽȻǱߵ˼

Ŷ
ʱ鰡ǽһŶš
ԽȻֶ֪ӵİɣ

½ͥǵ֪֮Ҿ֮ӴһΣȷ֪ЩûҹӺ
ԭ°Ӻڰ׼ԭѹû׼ֶӡ

ⲻϣƻĻ˰ɣ

ҹ߻ָ鼿ǵ˲鵽˵ԭֹǰױͰλ׷ˣβֻҪԽҵľȨŮ˲ȥӽԽԪ˧

ʱ¶һԵ˹ϵı顣
ͷ룬ֲ̫⡣

ϾڵԽԪ˧Źϵģǻ˵λ׷ʧɷҪһ˼İױͣҲôٳһ¡
ʵ»е˵ͨ統ʱ׼ҷѾձɽˣȻҲ˵ԱͬԱЭ顣

Դӵ֪˰ӺȻǰױ͵ӣǰ׷˾ûҪˣԽȻҲϰʮٵͷӣ෴׳Ķûëôͳλ׷ǰҴ̼ˣȻЩ˵ͨ
ʱԶ䣬˭Ҳ˵׼ô£½ͥϸϸһ顣

ˣڷֱ֮ǰѾ岻ˡ

һһ򵼵ĻƲֹǵĸ顣ƫƫȨԸҪ½ͥͷβǸƲߣԽԪ˧Ҳ⣬ʱһϲˣ˭ҲȰ

֮ĻңԼ֪µ½ҶȰ
ûá

ԣҶʱ˵϶氮˶Ƕ֮ĸô
ܻ˾ãǲᡣ㲻ᣬЩ飬еĽʲôϵء

ȻǱȨ䣬ԼҲû¸ȫʬ
ǵҲ±ŵܵܣԽȻҲûڡ

ʱͻȻ˵֪Ӻǰױӵ飬ѵû˵

ʱǰԱŶǰˣҪױôɵġ½ͥģҲ֪
ȻҲпܣױû˵鱻թˣֻ˵Ļ

Σģҿǻ֪¡

ʱɳһЦˣ°顭֪ǻ˵ǿ˽Ҫһң֪ǾİױĴôҪ¶˶֪һ֪Ӳû뵽֪ĻΪǵзļء

Ҫˡ½ͥ˵Ҫǽ
ԽȻڿӺЦǲ֪ʲôʱŻԼ֪ûѪԵϵˡ

ʱĶԵģǸոʱġ
С⣬ըȣըһ֣ը֣ޱ߼

Ա߹ԻڲһЩĽ̳̣ʱżɨһͼ֣ˡ

ôǻ죬ҩѧĿοô½̲ͥסĵ

ʱİɵȥҳᲢġ

½ͥ
½ֱͥú˵


аɣ
ʱһôʣİϰ壬ᵽʱȥҳᣬУһٳġ
ҪǴѧûҲûҳᣬҿ϶øһڰ༶ҳĽ񡣡

ôǳǰɣ

뵱ʱһڼһڿ֣һͷǣ磿
ģŹƵġ

½ͥʱһ١
ٽһ顣

ʲôءʱһڿ֡
򶯡ĵѣ
㻹ȥ










 78 



һԾܾĶ
ܶʱ򲢲ȥ

½ͥһͶ, ¾꣬ջͷŽ˿ȸˡ

ǵģԴ֮, ʱıҵõطˡ
ԺԭܳǸͩܶʧˣֻ½ͥڵʱʱһá

Ȼ֮, Ѿ㡮աͷˡѹ񳲵ͷ, ½Ԫ˧ÿγŶò´һ¡
ϾٲҲܶ񳲳Ųǡ

ʱ˸Ƿ, Щ֪ʶϣ㿪ʼһμҩ֪ʶ
Ϊѧһ, ûҪһһֵ, 豸˲ű٣úܿ죡

죬׼ȥǱߡ

һ, ͿԶվŵˡ

ϢҲոյ
ʱױǰء

ʱ꣺
ⶼ, λû

һ, һƬ·һȳһյġ

һʱ꣬ױͱ˹С꣬Сꡭ

, ʱ룬䵽زǲ߸ˣ
ǱǰԱȹ, λԭҲһ߰ģֱڲƺе¼ˡ

ʱ´һɿǰ˵˵סԺôԺˣ

ǼҽҵͦģϴʱڻѹѪ£һϣֻҪӲŵ̫õȫûˣˣҽƲնκõġ
˵ױˣܺòˣ

Ҫüһ׼ƣױ͸жС꣬ҡ

ʱ꣺

С꣬Ҳ֪ˣþû㶼ɡ

Ѿˣʱӻ˵
úذ׼ǰǰ׼ҲãھǻȥȽϺãӦøжƵġ

˵ʱѹûȥõʱҰ˾һȥӼã

ʲôЦ
⻹أˣ

ױͿǰҲûѵǴ̫ɵˣ

ʱĹȥһ֪ô¶ôǲҵôôܽ

Ҫ֪СϣҵѶȿҪǼԽ
ҪĻ˵ǰ⣬Ͱױģ

ƺǱ˸ġ˵һڸſڵıһôʱ

Сʱ˵ͷ

ױ͸Ͻ׷С꣬㲻ܲң׵

㻹иӽаӺȥʱ˵һ٣ͷһֱ֣ΪʲôѡʱܾһȰӺһЩ
ˣûô

Ĺ̻˼뵽жأ

ǱվżƵƵ￴ʱһۣ֪λôˡ
ȻܿǼλүġ

ҲǺġױ͵

ʱ꣺ǺĿЦɡԣڹ˿Ц涼ûˣЦġ

˼һۣ˷ȥͣá
򿪷̽ͷȥô

һ˶ǲʮͣէһ֪϶Ǽӵܡ
ƽ첻µز¹ˣʱҲµģЦɣ˶ǡʲô

㰡ʱ궪һƻ˵죬Ȼʱʱ׵ڶ
һ߻ü˵

ˣ

Աߵ˸ϽˣôСɣ

ôģжûɶáʱѼ˿һȦʹչˣԿ
ȴʱǣҼǵ߻Ԫ˧˽˵̰ɣһ㲻ͬС˹ΪʶãԺ⼸λûɶʵģֱӸ߰ɣ

СԼԶ벻ʱж󵨡

Ӧʹ죬Ǳ߼ȴǾˣʲô˼
ǣ
֪˭ô
ԵĶԣҩ浱ԼǸˡ

ʱʣǸƻҲ˳ȥֱһˣƱʲôٲǡ

ܱ˵ĵ̽Ҫô
ŷԸˣʵڲаѻ˽йæ

Ǽһˣ˲ˡܻ꣬ῴǼϲҶģ˿ɲʶǡ
ʱǻˣ˭֪˵˾͵˰

ʱԶ˲ſױͣ
㻹ߣ

ױͣСꡣ

ʱתͷǵøſڵ֪ͨһ͸ղǼ˽һӲˡ

˵Ҫطš

ױȴֵסˣ治ˣҺ赱మΪŸģǡ

ԣλ̫Ҫҵȥ
򵼺ڱһ֮󣬶ԶԷǻλԽԪ˧֪֪ʱ겻֪ԭĸ׻֪ġ

ʱ˴Ѿ飬һһˣٷֿ̫

飬ͬ׼飬ⲻһ򵥵顣׿ᣬǷֿ͵óܾѹ
ټϱʱԭĸֻԼ֪Լ֪˻ϵʱˣڣҲܻġ

ʵ֤
ˡ
ʱ˵֮ǰ˵һΣһ֪ĵһʱ͸ֿʱֹ𡣡

Щ̶̲ġ
Ҳϳȥ˷ʱ䡣ʱһҪٵˡ
ˡ

طˣʱֱĿĵء
ѧУ

ǵģѧУ

˸Ѷʱ£ֵԴ󣬿ܽᱻע⵽Ȳȥˡ

ղ˵ٵģǳٵ֡
ſڲ飬ʱʱ䣬ҲϲϵһڿΡ

ʵϣԻǵһڿζˡʱķͨУţֱʻ˽ȥ

У»˷ֹء
ĸʦѧУʦôôķ

ʹһʱꡣ

Уһ㶣Ա߸ŵʦˣô¶ôѧУ

ʦ֪һãȻĿУ

˾֣ʱ꺰˹

ʱԹ˹ȥ浹ùˡ
ȻɫȫУЦǺǵ˵Ͽˣʱһˢøжȡ

ԵĶԵģⲻеʱ䣬͸Ͻڿʱһת㽫ԼĳٵһץʱѧУѧУ͡
ҽȫʵΣĿ¼ͳɣʵҪġ

У
ô˵㻹ͦŬٻϿ£

ǲУ¶ûأˡʱ걣֤¸£϶У

ԱߵʦЦУҲǵ㣬ͣǲ˷츳ʱ򣬶Ͽкô

ǻ˵У½Ԫ˧ԣ϶ްԼ

ʱ΢Щԥ

УôҲϿΣǱ߲

ʱ˵룬ҪҪǰˡ

Ѿģһ⻰ǱԸģ˵⡣
УŭȻʱྫѾһԶˣУȥϿٲȥϲϵڶڿˡ

˵һ֣ѾܵûӰˡ

Уֵŵķֻʣ˿⣬⺢ӡ

ʦ̲סЦˣͦͦãá

ø첻ѧá

Уʦʣʱǲͬٵôôͬˡ

У˵Ȼ˼Ѿݵ½Ԫ˧˳Ȼ˼½Ԫ˧˵ˣһжʱԸġ
ҡ
һΣʱ½ͥͷƵ

Ǳʱ˿֪Щ˴ʱѾ˽ңͬѧǿܾ棬ʱ䣬һȥʵǱ׼

߻У½ͥǱȴӵͨѶ
׼ȷ˵ͨѶǴѦġ

һͨʣСѦǵǸʱô¶֪еţҲô㿴ҶӴġ

Ѧٵסˣʱ˵˵ɣҲǲ˰
ѹİɣûǴλУÿ첻ǻҹ꣬ҪȾ쭳˶֮Χһ𰡣

ͷ˿ԼԪ˧Ԫ˧ʱȥĶˣ

ӦòڼڱǱô
ɲǼڣλȥҲÿһУķհɣ

½ͥȴ֪ǳȥǱˣҲֲ磬
ӣȥĲȥĵطȥˡ

Ѧ˵ˣ˵˼

ȷʵԱȷʵ

ԱŭˣƫҲƫɣ
˰ҶӴˣʶһҶӺ֡½Ԫ˧ۻǡ˭лҴͨѶ˵ô

С
һŮ˼ſڱģ˵ۼҶӴ˽СȻͲˣǱסȥǲ֪Ȼȥġ

ԱʱƤһʲôסļҵģ

½Ԫ˧ҵġŮͷӣ㻹Ǻúʰɣһ첻Ͳİ
߶Ȧ˵˴ˣԼ˽Сˣ
ö½Ԫ˧ǱߵģҪûϵԱҲͷʣµǵͷҲȫˡ

֪ǶӲ񻰣ƫܹ

Ա

ѦٵǸԱҪȹˣǱȥ

ԱĻ˼ʱˣϽҪͨѶ
½ͥͻȻתͷ˵˳û£ҵ˵Ǹ

Ա㡭

Уû׾ⷢô¶

ԱЪˣҸûȣȲϸյ˵İ׼ҡҲûʲôϻʵԼλ뷨ڱȽ˵ӹɣûռĸͷʢ½ͥ
ͨѶȥˡ

һʲ֪ȺСӵ׸ʲô¡

Ǿ뿴ǶһΪȻôʱһԵģҳƻ

Աֶ°
ôţ˼һлл׵ǰɣ
ʱ꿴žͲǸԿģûӻ˼ǰա

˵˵㣬ʲôãǵȥ֡

ӣ˵ⲻ׼ұôңӺеùŸ

⻰һüһҪ˼ЧԱӻðɸߵĻ
㾹Ȼհ׵ϵ
ǼҸҶǳ˲¹ͷ㲻֪ôһһɻˣӹ˼һӻô

⣬˻˼ؼҸ״ȥҿǴˣ͸ðܺ˵˵״źá

ôӺֲһ

ԱתȦҹӣӽ첻ڳţͲ
ôôӵĴ

𣬱𰡵

Ϊ׵ĶԣҳȻҲӵſǱ߱ͨѶ֪顣
һǰ״ģǻ֪²ùԹûҿڵģһ붼굹ù
Ӻ˸ҳвĵĴڡ

ȻǸݵġ

½ͥҲѦȥ˾ô¡
һйڰױͣҲˡ

ſڱ˵һ´˭Ҳý½ͥҪ˷Ҫ˵

ѦӦ
ֵİɣͰױǰʱĶ֣˵̣¸ˡ

á½ͥ
ҡ
ҵʱףȻЩԹҲѾϾϵʱҳҲδػܡ

½Ԫ˧֪Ͼԭ׵Сʱġ

Ѧȥ죬˳һǰױ͵ľ״̬ҪҪʱ֪

½ͥʾ˵Ҳȥ֡

ѦֻҪһΪʲôǰûסͷ
Ԫ˧ûڱͦ









 79 



¶ʱ֪ܿ, Ͼױ͸ܶһЦˡ
Ǳ˱ϳױסԺǵסԺǱͽҽԺȵġ
ȻΪȺϵ, Ϊ⡣

ܣƫܣױǽһ, ޡ

ȻͲʲôսڱ, ûѵŵġ統ȻҲûõȥ, ˼ҾûܹˣҲû
ټϻƫܵģһ, ͸ҽԺȥˡ

һ˷˳Թϡ
ʱ굱ȻҲ֪ˡ

, ױͽ컹˵Ѿı⣬ϣʱȥֻ
ʱ˼⣬ֱֵܵĸ鵽Ǻûǲá

Ҫ˵ð, ƣΪδ׼ҼǸλáڵ, ֮Իᷢչ, Ҳٲ˰ױֱʡ
Ҫ˵ðɣ˳ˣ˵ʮǰܹһشһˣЩû

Ȼ, ǰǣ̹ƶ˲١
, 磬ַ·ֵҲ޷

ⲻֹ벻ͨԴӰ׼ҵˣЩ±ȫǼҲû˭֪Щˡ
Ҳûͨġ

ֻ˱ʾνܹѣܹɣ
ʱƣɶҲûˣֵܼ֪ˡ

ܿ챻˻ȥĻ֣־ǰ˷ֽҽԺûôַ㣬ɲɣ

֮¶ֱԻ

ưױһɵˣҪ֪ȻƸһϾĶûģиӺ
׼ҵˣһûء
סҲҰŵסһ˵ǿҲΪΪʲôҪ磿

ڻأΪֵ
Ϊֵ
Ϊֵܡ

ʱȴէȻӦΪӺûȷıҪѾٸϵ߸ɴ˵ϵˡ
ϵӺڽӴԽȻ飬ԣһʵһЩ

ԽаֻɣӺױ֮ĸӹϵ

㣬ٹע

ȥôһѧУʱڶȥ˱Ǳߡ
ϾֵֻЩ˶֪Ǽܷȥױ˸ϣͲһˡ

ЩЩ竵ٱ¶ܽᷢӰſڶɾء
С˶ˡһСÿ쿪ͬķ˭֪ĸܲȫŰɣ

ʱÿλԼʶһ飬˸֡

ʱ÷Ҳڡ
кʱ׼ȥˡ

и

ڱʺףսֲܶԻһ֪˵мôСĿȾ³Էʱ׸ܵһ֪ģѾԻױ˸༸˽ˡ

һʱĶ֪רҵġ
ѧûñܵ˵زʵ

Ȼݰ

ûʹˣÿ춼Ҫ˯Сʱ
ʱ磬ұֻжˡ

ʱоǿڵ츳ҵڻ֪ҪǱ֪϶ȥѧ졣

ƣʱ𣬡컹ˡ

۾ԺУ԰棬治ֹ֪ʲôһעͲ·ϡ
˵ˣƾƸ߸ˣײȥ

Ҳ֪ôģһ·ӲƽĵĿĵء

ײġе

ʱ꣺
ǿŰ

һ϶һߣʼһ˵
ҰҲͦϲġ

ǡʱ˵츳Ĳñš

ֹ
˵ܻΪǿϣɣ
׼ѾˣһԶô

ʱ궯һ٣ƺʲô߻ǲͬģ׼ԼԱٷһĴ󡣡
ң
ʱǼ飬Ӧûһ

Ǹ˵ˣҲһƵʱ겻ò棬ԱҲòĵز
Ǹ˵˭ȴû

ỹħǶûء
ʱ̲סһ

ʱ̲ס룬ҵʲô̬Ȼ̩ȻһҲꡣ

У

֮˱㶼û˵ʱ飬żԣ֪ڸ˭ϵ

һˣʣ㻹ߣ³ٵ

ˡеӽҸߵİȫ

ʱ̧ͷһۡ
ôҲǸٽŹ

ƺʲôе֮Ԫ˧ϸһ£Ȼš

ʱ궮ˣ˼ȥѧڸʲôɣ
˵ȷڸ¼ȴҩġ˲ֻ»ŷĴ̽ء

鵽ߣҲֻʱˡ

ϻصľ飬û˻Ǳˡ
ʱû̫⣬Щ½ͥҪģڵ񣬾ǰܽлĻá

ȥʱѵõģ½ͥȻѾˡ
ڣѦȻҲڡ

ֻλٽɫɲôãʱ̲ס࿴һۡ

ֹ½Ҳע⵽ˣСѦôˣʲô鷳ô˵Ұ취
˵취ʵ½˵ݣֻҪһ仰ϴ󲿷ֵ鷳Ͷ鷳ˡ

ȻѦȴҡҡͷû£Ѿˣ

ʱѾг˱壬ȥ½ͥԴ棬СԴԾͳ˹

Ѧ٣ãѦ˸յ̤һ塭ƭƭǮ

½һôôѦǺҼͦİҲƭˣ

½ˣ㲻֪¶ϲװǽһðѦ˵·ҸŮĻеڱϵһŮͨԣ˭з·ҵ˴°˸ûһ
⻹ֻĿǰܺߣǰ飬һ׼Ѿ˦˵ġ

ѦǸûãԼæҲˣпڼҵأϵһƵ⣬Ǽһﻹĵù˭Ҷ˭ţ
ôʱģʱʦɣ

˵ţѦ̲סʱ꣬ʱȽ϶²£⵽ô쵽ġ

ʱһãɶ

ڹ½ͥҲ̧ͷ˹̤ܶ

԰Ƕ˵˰˸ô˵һ룬ѦٲŷӦԼԪ˧ʱָ꣬ӦҲλʱ
ˣʲôʱȻҲ£

½̽յһҲ˹

ʱ꣺
ԩ
ʱһҽ̤˭ңҲϿۣ

½ͥѦ٣ѦⲻԼ˵ô

½ͥ˵ʱȽ϶ô쵽ġ

˵ʱ䣬ǽŲȼѦ֪Ķˣ͵Լѵãʱڹʱֱһô

ǰϿϴϷӲû豸»ǧٻ֭ҺİٷְᴿһŪôҩĺտݹǡ
ھ͸ӱ̬ˣȻ˵Ϸ˰ɣһҪμһ߻Ҫѧ죬æ˻ȥԺ塣ŶǱǧٻ֭Һÿ춼˵½һ̲Եġ
˵Ѧٶо˼졣

ԼΪ٣æתʱ̫ˣΪʱİǲ˷һһ룬Ȼʱ֪ǽһɽһɽߡ
Ŷؼʱ˯ʱ䣬ҲͰˣ˯

ȻݵĻǣæˣ˼ɵͦá
˵⵽Ķ˵ȥ

죬ңо˸ëĺҩ׵ġȥͷҲҪó

ܰ쵽ôһɶҲɾоˣҲû찡

Сʱȷ̫Щ½ӽ쿪ʼҲæһЩͥѧҪ㻹ǵҪġ

Ѧһã룬ôˣҿÿ춼ͦеİ
ƣֿʼźˡ

źۻ͹ģ˵رã滹˸ּζ̡
ûܹء

Դʱ걻½˹ذ
˲ֱҧгݡ

ȥˣʱûסЦˣһҺˣ治תˡ˵ͬȽģһܣһȥ̲裬һҪˮ㣬СʮȻָûˡ
Ҳ²£϶˸ûʮʡģʱر٣Ͳײϡͬʱ˯СʱԼ˯ʱңԱ˶౨Сʱϵʱ䶼᲻ͬϣҲסһ𣬾ƵֻҪ˯ֲˡ

ܳѦ̲ס˵׼ˣؾһǱ߳˵£˯ʱõʱڸϵ˭;Ծŷġ
ƭҲˣƭǮͲֹˣѾץˡ

ѾģǺô졣

½ͷ򵼶ôô

򵼡ѦٵˣʵǸڱǳðЩҲۣģ򵼶ԡ
ΪϵûˣҲû˷ֲԾ
һǸְҵƭӡ

ʱ꣺
½ͥѦѦٴû뵽Ҳᱻۡ
ûðɣе̸˶á

ǿ϶úõѱԣɲϲϲ򵼡Ѧ˵ʱ䣬˵ϸʶİɣ

ʱ꣺

ܺãһھͰ˼Ƥˣͽȥˡ
ã
˲䣬½Ҳʶһʲô飬һΪǱƭ˺ܾء

ʱŵ˵ͷ

ңǸڹƻںڣΪʲôҪȥʶá

Ѧ٣ˣҹ·߶˻Ϲʲôˣòʶˣô
ҪͼͨѶˣһͨǱߵ
Ѧ٣ǰǸмһήģˡ











 80 



˵, һоֳ۶ӡ

һˣϢֱĪ
ʲôܰ

Ҫ˵棬ܻи˵, Խôɡ
β˵䲻, ﶼô, ñ۲죬ĥ⾫Ҫô졭Ͼǰδֹ
ҵĵطλûǮء

ȻǲƵ, ϾǷˡ

ʲôܣ
ֱߣ˵һҲû˻

ǾβԸɴˣǡ

Ѧ١Ǳߵ˵ľ״̬ʵ̫ãǲʱԺ
˵˺ܶרҵ, ܽ, ʱǰԤĻˣһ״̬صͨ˵״̬, ҲΣա

ǰŽһμңҲܲȶ, ֻڿһƵʱһЩ, ԾˢǸǾöкôû뵽첻֪ôģͻȻԼˡ

½ͥʲôƵ

Ǳߺܿش𣬡ǰʱ½Ԫ˧ԼǸƵ, 洦ɼǿǸ
ʱ򻹿޿ЦЦģܵ˵ȶ

ǰɣʱ˳, ¹ͬһ̨ǰ㳡棬˾Ȼ

Ѧ̽ں޶˰Ӻ춪ˣԺο
һû˵ǿʱ˳ɾͣԷڼˣҲƻһеİӺ
Բſ޿ЦЦġ

޶ˡ
ӺĶʱͻȻʡ

Ѧٲ׿ҽиӺӦûڣһȥӦûǼҾƵɣ

¶ͦģϢ
Ѧ˵ʱҿڻûǳϢӦþûߡ

Ҳ˵ʱ꿴Ѧ٣ʣӺ٣ȫ͸ģ˾֪

Ѧٵ˵ͷϹĴŶ֪

ʱԼµһώͻȻܳȥǸʲôȥˡ
ȥҰӺӦá

Ѧ٣ʲô

Ҫ˵ӦòɣǱ߾µˡ
ѦԵĻʮ죬ɲ̸۵ļһὺͰӺô

һ˰ѵѰӺͱˣһͱű

˻ô½˵

½ͥʱҲûŵĿԲˣϾͱ˵Ǽһὣǰ˵ǷôҲǾУģûϹսɣͱ˿ɲͨһϹͱͱȫڶϡ
ȻȴǣţͽҽƲˡ

Ѧٺܿɨţʱ½ͥҲһ֪Ϊʲôš
һһήľ̫ãӰ˷ӡڶǵʱֳֺõڱڣôһ£ˡ

һֱץˣֵúܴ󡣡

ܲôʱ˵Ǹ˺˼ΪҴҵҥԽȥˡܳͱ¹¶Ķͷġ
Ͳˣһὺúõһˣ̫ƽʢôϰЩο

һֻнķˣҪط

ӺͱǼʵҽˮƽֻҪûǶƲջûɶ¡
¶ʱ겻ˣϾһέ£ڻûʲô֪ء

ʱˢԽϾƵľʵ̫ãǼҽԺķװ뷸ʱĺ
ҪٷϽôԽϻȫô

ʱжʱһ⣬ˡ

һǩ½ųģ¶ûɶ⣬ԷΪṩ˳Ĺؼͱ˰ӺЩڷǿ϶˷ˣͷ͵˵˷ųΪȥͱӺ

Ǳǿ϶ڵģϾҪӳȥˣ¶öըˡ
ʱꡰһ̾ϢŴ

ãֻҪԼֵÿ죬˾ʹҵĽࡣ
Լ
ллλ˿ģڷ۹Ҳñ𿴣дǵġģѾֱץˣ㲻ץӦҲͱңϾԽԼȥǩ½顣
Ϊʲôɣ
ǸߴҲҪţǺοģķܲ
Ҳûʲôɱ˷ûǱӣЩ¾ͷſֲϢ˵ģͲ±š

㣬ϢһһǷˣڷҲͬʱˡ

ʱĲֱţЩʲôı۶ˣЩ˵뷨Ǳˡ

ʱ꿴ö̲ס˵ҵʱǲǸ˵㻰Сһ٣ǩ½飿
̫ʵڰ

㲻ǩԼһή״̬ܿҲñҽѦɫӣɹʱǲϵôɿء
ϾҪ棬ġ
˶٣ֲ䣬ʵǿԸǱ˵ǱҽһήĲʲôġ

Ҫ
ʱ˵飬һʼþͱŹŪ£Ȼһ˰ǳءοڿɲֹǶ¶ǱҲء

½ͥʱ˵öԣͷ˿˼һὣȥ˽˵

ӦòɣѦٵҿûʲôøС

Ҳûʱ˵˰ɡ⣬˽ͱӺһ׼Ǳ߸㹻أɳʲôһ
˵תͷһѦ٣ⶼ㡣

Ѧ˶ɵˣңֲȥͱ˵ġ

úõĸʲôοⲻһʵģǰǸصġʱһ̯֣¶ͷͲá

Ѧһµվ⻹Ϲϵ

һԪ˧ûԣ½˸ѾʼͷˣԶԶԣͷǲãͷРРа

Ѧ٣ⶼʲôˣô⡭
ʣµĻ½˵Ŀ£˵ˡ

ңʳˣ½ˡ
Ŀǰеʳ׶ˣѦѦ١

ܺãշѹ

赱Ȼû磬ʱֹˡ
Ͼûá
һֻ⡮աţаû˱ܣʲôá

¶ġʱźۣҵٶźۡ

Ѧ٣
ѦٵԪ˧ȥżһǱߡ

ȵȡʱ¡
ѹ˵֪꣬ô

ˡѦ
мֱ߰
ȥ졣

½һûֻԼһţǡ

δȻʱ˵ǲˣҲҪű˺ǲǡ

ϵĺڷۣѾˡ

ʱߺܿܵͬѧǵĹģһüһͬѧǵĽ˼ҹˡ
һ춼Ҫѵģ

Ȼһأһļһզ¶ʲôʱ򶼱ųˡ

ȻҲⲻĳ˵һѪ᲻С

ʱֱӸˣֹ㣬ƫûɹصˣˡ
㲻̣Ҳûˬֱ÷صн磬ǵķҲ֪˻ù졣

Ի˵ǣѾʼǰоˣ˼Ҫǡ

ϻʱ˵첻ʵǶűռ˱˵ģһоûУɼ˭ԸҪǡ
˵ŽŻظңûʲô£ǸųԹϾˣҵġ

½ҲǾԩúܡ
ͱ˵Ǽһὣʲôϵ

óķʢʱԵǽһ̡
ȫǲѾַˡ
Ѿ챻˴ɱ˷ˡ

û°Сʱ½˵ЩɶҲ֪˵ϡ

½ͥҲ˹

ʱſھǣǷʲôϣ¡
˳ֻ㿪Իظ˷˿ԣڷ۽ûָʹһȥͱ֪ôŵҴأ
ҪǼʾ죬ҵ¶Ҿ͵ñߵ顣

ȻͻȻ̧ͷˣ

½ôˣ

½ͥѾ׼ˣʱ˵˵ҪʱƳëҩ᲻Щ̫Щڷۿˡ

½ˣ
½Ԫ˧

½СԪ˧½ͥķ

ʱꡮŶһ극ȥƳ²Ʒȥˡ
Ͼը˻

ⶼʲôʱˣ㾹ȻпƷ
ʱأΪʲôûУͱ˵ôǣͱôҲǣʲô¶뿴μᣬǳȥףӺڵùˣ

ûİô˵Ҳͬĸĸɣⶼͱ
ʱأлǶҽƲˣ֤˵ʲôֵܣҪǾúãҪҲ㼸

һ˼˾Ͳˣǿʼ齱
һٷݣоͷ

ǲֶһȺģѳܵķΧƻ߰ģ

ҵȻ֪ܲ£ʵ֪ĸ硣
ԱԹˣϾ˵ŮϵãϾﻹð

֪ûͲˣר˹עʱͷ

ôţɵ½˾ôۣøûϵûϵˣ֪
ȥ˼λ

 81 



ʱɱ, ˣһǰ͵ð׾Ϳռʯʱģ
һʱ֮, ԭķ˿ԲᣬЩɵˣҲʼ, žû¡

, ˾Ͳͷô

ֻЩھΪʲôҪѼһίųʲôҪǩ½顣
⻰һ, ܿᱻڷ׷˵϶ΪͱӺ£

Ҫ֪ģ»ΪǰӺҷ, ʵǸλϵ˻˭, ֻҪܺڵʱ꣬ȥǶܽⷢӡ

Ҳ£öʵķ˿ˡ

Ҳв٣
ѷ, ԭΪǸɴԹģлܱų, ǲԼûܵʲô˺, Щ¾Ͳˣ
кڷ۸ϣѷˣЩĳЩ˵ĸϽɣϽŲ

֮إһҡ

ʱˣҿһֱ;е¡Ȼ, £Ȼɳʹ׵顣

̫ˣ˾;ǽ˴㱻㵹, ֱҪ˾͵

¥˵öԣҲǣÿοʱƬЩ¡ߵ˶˵ûָо˵úÿʺã˵رеģҲͲҶ˵ԭָоĲֹһô

ʱ㿪⼸λǲһۣȻͶʳϡ
ȻͨһǣʱϾǷˡ
ϲͬʱȻҲᱻЩᡣ

ƽʱûʲôⲻ΢е£Ͷˡ

֮⣬Ȼ˰½Ԫ˧½λһֱûȥε˵˵ǵʱʲôʱϵİ½ͥˡ

ʱ꿴Ŀɿд

˵ȷɱɣ⿴һ½ͥǼǿ˵⻰ǺػǺ½ͥأ
ҪܱôĺˣԪ˧Ҳõˣжλؼȥɣ

ȷģʱ룬½ڼʱȷͦġ

⻰ʣʶи˼ߵɡ½ͥȴʹģϾ½ڻʹǰͱȥ˼ˣôͻȻû˶ˡ

½Ԫ˧˶һۣôϵڼˣˣ

½ͥһΣܱܲҵ˼

½Ԫ˧Ų⣬ǹˡ
Ȼô˵˵Ϊ¶׼ڼ￴Ц
ϾɶʱУЦ¶ɹɾûˡ

ڣʱӰҲ

վɸøǱܵڿ졣ΪŪëģһ˾ãʲô׬ǮУ滺֮ûʲô̫Ĺϵ
ҲǡԱһ˵ŶʮһСƨŪٷְٴȵǧٻ֭ҺѾ൱˲ˣôõĸ򡣶ƺһУ򵼣һֻ

ԱòӦֻˣʵҲҲʲôֻܵٶŰɣ
ˣһǱôˡ

ġ˵СӺ˵ĺܣǵƭ˵ʱӺǩ½飬취̳ͬˡ

ǾͿ


ʱڸͬѧǾۻء

δΪͬѧǾʱܷˮ棬˸ˣǶ˵˵תô
ҲЩۡ

ϾЩ˵ˣǿ˶ٳ뷹

ΪʱԻвͬѧûġҲˣܶ˻Ů
·ĸ࣬Ҳһͬ˹

ڼҲ١

Ҷһİ䳪裬ʮֵĻ졣

ʱ걻ȥ˵һףȻѻͲҡ
˱ľ۳һһѵģߺȱģϷġԻ꿾ʱԱߣϾδ¾

൹Ӱ룬ﲻ֪ͷ˵ʲô

ʱ꿴һۣǸ೤һҲսϵġ

ء¾սϵģԻ꿶Ǳָơ
ȻȲ϶Ǽǰʮ֮ڣһ

ͦˡ
ʱ룬ѧУսϵѧɲ٣ǧء

սУʱ˶ˣ˳Ƹӡ֮ͦ󣬶һֱڳ棬ǰ߷ʲôУ棬һûµġ

ô׽

ǡԻ˵˵ΪСһ𳤴󣬶ҳʱȹԸǳãֵܻء

˵䣬ʱơ

ʱӹƿ˿Ȼ󻹻ȥ
ƶרõϴƻҪʱ͵Ƴƾˡ

һˣ֣ʱ꼸־ֵһֻһΪʵ̫ãûڵһܵ
⿴Χ˶ɵˡ
ʱ磬ʲôؼô

ûɡʱ˵ǼǼƣȻơҪ˵ƣǱȽﶼʲôưɣ

ұǸﻹƣãĿˣԭǷô

ǣô֪ʲôƵģ

ʱ˵ϴƵʱעһ²ˡ

ϴưװʱ磡

ô
ʱһ̯֣ȥʱ˳ɨһۣϴʱŲ֪ô
ôСôҲоô
ûʶ׿ء

⡭ܰ쵽ô
ڣ˷˸Ѧͬĸп

ֲһҲӮأƸ˼ء

⻹ô氡

˲ˡ

ţǱš
ſڵĻΪǷԱأɤڸкһ䣬ֱӽû

ȻƿţǼǼʾ죬һļߡ

Ի꿶ʱһ䡣
ȴãȻôˣǾʲô

ʱǻ³һˡ

Ի꿻ͷһۡ
ˣ

Ա¾һվС£ûµġ
㿴˼ȵء

ҡ
Ա˶ȥˣ

˵ǣѾȥˣʱóţԪ˧Ǹǻᡣ
Ҳźˣ½̫ԡ

֤ȷûɣ

ûС˵Ȼûʵ֤һѾָϣǵͬ˹ʣʱСԪ˧ʱ˭֪Ԫ˧ûмأ½Ԫ˧ͬϵ׽֤ʲԲţһΣǺѰѵ˸ϸ
Ծû취ץȥֻҪһȦȻĽƽȥˣʱҲԲ˾޹ġ

Աĵ˵ͷ׼ɣ½Ҳװ˷Ÿǣ϶ͼӪȡ̫ɷ᲻⡣
ǣ
Ա룬ɷȨ߸ɷ
˻ʵۣɷд

½Ⱥµ˰һ죬ĳ˻ǳϣҲǶԵġ

ʱ½ͥȻҲõϢ

Ѧ˵Ԫ˧ǡ

ùܡ½ͥ˵ضǰźˡ

ǵģһƿʱֻһߣǱ˻ûӦѾͺһֱͷڲԶųƵġ

ӵ˶ɵˣûӻġ
ʱ굹侲˳֮ǰͰָŰˣȻǶſڵˣ

£ʲô˵ſڵ񰡣

ҲܹǰǾͦġ⼸ˣһǱߵˣҲûҪٿˡ
ҵ̨ˣЩһһøˡ

ȻҲûֱӳǣʱǵ֪ӽɱˣǻȥ顣

֤ôʱʡ

ԱߵͬѧҲǰ֤ôǡ

֤أ˵ӾӰˡ

Ȼ˵˵ġһǾǼһὣˡʱȰҲϽ̹ס

û֤ǰɣʱ˵С

ԶԶԣ֤ɶ
ˢˢˡ

ǾҲסˣû뵽ַչ

ֱͬҲɵˡ

ʲô˵еԼ֤ݶԼ

ɵģ

˵϶ǻ˵ԩˣɣԼ˰ɣ

ԱߵͬѧҲ׷׿ʱ꣬Ի꿸Сûɣ

ӺѾϿʼˣ˵ԼҲ֪ʲôȻʱ޲
һЩаָʱ걻ﱻһ£ҲԵݣΪľɨء

һ룬ʱ飬ȷù˰

·࣬İӺôˡ


ʱŤͷ˿ոųģһȺģ˻˵ҼҲֱͬѧǣǸ˭㲻һֱԼǲôû㶼ðôǸXXXѲǸֱģ㻹Ͻȶȣ

һɧͬʱѾ˷Ӧ

ôãܲ

+1
Щɱ˷ʲôģϽɣһžž죡

ԱҲüͷһ⡣
Ȼʱʱָ˸ÿֱĿֱҲòˣ˼ҵλãĵúÿ

ǼǾˣֱԵʱ򣬻ֱ㻹ǸϽ߰ʱ

æ
ʱ˵ű򿪹ԣֱӷųһ¼

ǼʾڣԱһ۾ͿˡǻˣǱˣǼһὡ
һ졭

á
һĵϽǰŵӰҲûʱʱˣ½Ԫ˧ˣ֮Ҳǹ

ʱˣ˭ɵǵӰϾǱһֽˡ

Ļ棬ڹǶôĵΪ
˵һʱĻ¼Ҳеġ
ڹϵʱ䣬ҲЩ˸һήġ

ǼȴѾˡ
ڼרļߣʱǼҲǣϽͷҲǡ

ǵĶѾҪˣҪʱͬѧͬѧҲֱͬʱԼֱš
ˣ˭ҲûƵ

ƵһȫȻ

ɣҲ̫˰ɣ
ֶڶЩǵжôնҪϣҿ϶û취õƵǲ͵ñߵ飿˵滹м֤ݵء

컯գǬ˭ɳġ
ֱδţδһҪϲ顣

ǰͷӺԴʿУһڣޡȻǰӽˮ˲ݣ

ֵ̫󣬰ӺͱһȺ˸Ѫͷ
ֺܿڳƵеļ˶Աֵµˡһ¿ɺãҲˡ

Ȼһ˰Ӻüһ˾͵С߸ݣֱݺ˾ɱˣʱǰÿ컹й˼ұװףȻÿ찡

ҡ
Ա¼񣬵ʱźͷЩĹô

⡭
⻹û֪Ӧð
˵᲻Ǻϳɵġ

Աɸ˸ϳɵģϳɵĻҷϳɵĻô֪嶼̸Щʲô

ߡ
ʱſżλǾ˵Ҫһȥô

ˡ
һЩҲʵǲ¼ȥˡ

Уߣ͡ʱ˵꿴ͬѧǣͣ
߾أϽģϾϹ̡ҲöˣڸƵ궩˲ͣһ߳Ա߳

Ի꿵ˣ
⻹ųԺأ

иͬѧʵûסʣʱ磬ϵһ˰ɣǰˡ

Ȼʱ˵аӺôǰڣһܸ߹Щ˵ĵôȻ׼
⻰Ҳ˳Żûصֱôȫ֪

˭˭
ɲ
㻹ûһȷûġ











 82 



ʮ, ѰǰʮʱͰռ˰˸
ƺƵֱһ

˺ѾʱԼˡϾǼɷ, ͻȻôɣѲ˲˼
Լٽ׷ɱ˵˳һֵַ

Ҳʱֵ̫ܺ߱, Ҫװģ, ѧӺ׼һƪԣϹƻըø

, Ҳֵ൱Ĵһڳɢ

Աʲôʱ궼
ã⡣

֮ǰ, ûЩ¶Ի꿵˲֮, ˶Щ

ʱ̾˿ǰɵǽʲô¶ѵ֪, ڿôλı, ǹɵ¸Լ²ô

׼

ǰ, ܲ׼ô

½ͥǱߣѦҲڸпʱĶãҾһ֣Ӱͷʹ, ᱻΡ

ѦҪȥżһʱʱ꺰סΪ¡

Ǹ豸, Ҫǰǿڴڹ

ǿڴڹʱ굱ʱϷ棬ΪԼϷҵλõġ
˼һͱ˰ӺͰƷԸĶһ£ּС书ЧҲб仯

֮ȫǱߵѻ˸С

ζ벻ļƻ˵ʱһϷ档

ʱ򣬳ң˶ͦ˵ġ

½˿ʹ첻ѡ

ǱߣҲѵõķͷĹƿƣС

ʹ֮ڡ
ʵۿҵùҲͦģɸǵϴο;ǸģȻ

һطһˡӡ
ȫǷ
׼ҴҲûõȥһæﲻϣѱͷˣỵ¡

侲
׼Bƻ

ϣӺѾɹһıǰͷλҪء
ֹǰЩųҪʱӺǸΪͱ˵ˣҲ׷ױִ

ӺʱһһܺߣӲԼ
ȻǸһὣԭˣӲָԼȥˣ¶ϴθء

һΣԲлᣬٱǩ½ˡ

Ϊֵúܴ洦ٶҲܿ졣
ԱȻһ죬ϾҲһҿġ¶ֻ̫Ҫ뼤ԹͲǿбԼˡ

¶ûֱӲ֤ݣѱץ˰ѱļ¶˳ȥ

ˣϻкܶ˻ɣ¶ʵйϵ
ʱ䷢ô£ԱŮǽȥˣ׼Ұ׼ҲʾֵµҲʼ¡

ξô𽥱ģԱӪ˶Ĵþ棬˵ȫɢڣ˴롣

ҲΪθԹ˶˸˵ԭ

ʱΪкҪһȻܹע
ǹעϸǴͷβĿȫϡЩˣѾԽ빫Ұ¼ϼˡ

ⲻ֪һͳƼֱһ

һήҥȻһάžžˡ
׼׼ڵˡ
ָһϲֵּ˴ù

ʱ磬һĴڡ˵˵ðɣ˵õ˲ƱнСɢôС˿ɲ١Ҫ˵һὰ׼Һҵ˿²ܴӦԵĶû³

˵ˣʱһ͵ýͷöƫƫһһԸɶûУ

ؼɣȥоǧٻ֭Һҿ϶УݵĳĽëЩҲУҲֻܻǮˣлʱĴзӵһͷ㷢Ľë

ӽ쿪ʼҶһµżʱ꣬һ˭˭ùĴڣ

תʱܱ꣬а˭С˺˭ù

ʱ꾹˿ȽһĴڡô˵̫ԣӦƺ׼ȷһЩ
Ƭǲϱת
˭С˶ҪתһתǽһƺƵ

ʱĳһ쿴ͬͬѧȻתˡ

ͺܡ

ϴε飬һͬѧ˲ٷۣһͬѧѷ˿׷׶л
˭뵽أһͬѧۻᣬôһϷ˵ռôһˡ

ҪʱԷʱ껹ǾܾˣϾͦæġ
˵Ѧ˵ʲôʱʦҲ޵ʱ£ܰʱ

ȣ½˾жˣ˵һ춼ѳȥ
Լ˼

ʱӱǱ߻ʱ죬Ǳᵽ˵½Ԫ˧ҲС˰ɣͲĹ£

ʱ궯һ٣˹ȥ

Ǳ½˲ûзˣ졣

ԶԶԣʵЩС˵ġһ˵˵Ͽв˶ǼҰͥ뷨أλռҵŮӣ͹İ⣬㵹˵˵ĸˡ

½¶һãģҿϣҿҼλҲҸļް

ȥȥȥ˵ô֪Աλˣ˵ӿһλ

½صǹʲô¶
һȻˣôѲϱԼңæﲻɣ

⻰ɰһȦ˶˵ˡ
һҲܰ

ǣԸҪ治ܣ׼¶ô

ÿҾͲУҶһ첻ҶҾ͵óһ졭ǳСԼ֪Ѿˡ

ʲôй¶ϣ½˾һ䣬뷴˵ӶϲˣƼſڵʱꡣ
ʱͣ˻̧ͷСʱ˰ôѾԵĺ޹Ǽצ÷㳢òúȡ

ʱҲ죬򵥴˸кȥҶˡ

ߺһ̲ס⺢ӳãҲ̫һϳԣԺ·޼䶼ȻҶΪҶӡ

Ƕӻˡһǻǽ˵½Ԫ˧¡˵ת½ˣ治ܰǸϽȢһ

½˵û˵ҪȢôϲ
ȴѰ˼ţ￴ܱﵽʲôʱ
ٿǰʱ̫˵λҲЩˬСʱôã㵹ˣӣ˭ϰ

ϲϲģȢؼϲˣһֱ黹ܡ

ôһֱһֱᣬ½Ȼ浥ЩֲǴ֮Свٱĵ֣ⷽ滹ͦġ
Ȼ䣬˾ԼиֶŮôôá

½˶پûҲû˼Ǿˣǰɢ˳

浱ء
ǰ½ͥ״̬̫ãЩһСýˡһϲӵģҲûͬġ
ڵǺã˳Ʒ滺ǿ״̬ܺãټϰ׼ҶˣҲ˴ʱ⴬Ͽ

ޣô¶ء

ʱʱҲһ޹Ǽ˳Ա߻˻÷
Ѷŵϲ˵óԣô뵽ģֱˡ

Ķ뵽ء½˵ǰûôԹϴγţһСôԣ˼˵൱

ʱ꣺ȷʵ
óԡ

ˣôˣʱ仹簡
ͻȻ뵽Ȼߵʵңǰġ

½˵Ŷ֪Ҳİͥ£˵͵ôѣɶùܣԼҲô

ǣǣ̺̬

½̵룬ǣϾһɵһʱ䣬Ҷ࿴ء
ʱ겻ԾĴ̽¶иˡ

СģͦģǱװ׵ġ

ֹ鿴֣Ϊ˲ӵ·ϰ½˻ǰδӻһЩ齲ʱˡ
½ϴͳϱ
ҳҲôܷ¶ʮֻֿҪСıʲôͱһҸһǹ£ʲôһж˵ǹǵģ˲ܡ

Уﲻ

ϳ˵ʲôϱǴ⣬ʵҲдúõĲǡ

ʱ꣺ŶŶŶ
ǣʲôģΪʲôڻϱ

ؼǣΪʲôڻҸڸϽȥ¡

½Ҳû˵ãΪͨѶˡ
ϵһѴģǱ߳˵¡ʱûԷ̫󣬻ǲСһ䡣
ƺС

ʱ룬ͱô

ѦУһҲ£½˵ҲС

ʱĬĬĳ˿Ժʵߡ
ת˲ͱһʵռˡ֮ҪصߣΪһķӡ

н磬ƣһЩܷŴСķȴҲ̫򵥵ġ
ǰ״ֵֻĻУʲôɹ֮ģȫн綼Ҳ

ɼҲĸʦģԲϵҪҲǼϡ

ʱ굱нʱԻûѧ
ꡭ

ʱ̾˿֪ô͸øϽѧǶ١ʲôʱ򣬵֪ʶԶԼġ
ϧ׵е

һϸ룬нʱжգȷ춼ѧϰ


ô˵СҲǶԷ򲻹ô˵ѣϰһжԼʵˣڵĴڣһɽв̫һЩ顣

˵һֱʵн磬ȫȴûô㡣

ʱ걾츳ˣǷˣЩǱͨʿҪ׺ܶࡣ

֮ȻǲǰչʾģֻܴЩϣߵʵˡ

һֱϵʱʱƵĻ˳

½ͥ·ģͣ
ô˲֪ЪһЪ

ʵǸȻȴҲ˵ֻ
ʱĳһۣģãҹҲû¡

½ͥ
˲˸ʶûʱʱҹãӰԺķ

ҧҧЩһߣҪ

Ҳ֪ʱ˵ͻȻһ٣Ϊ밡㡣
㵱ϰģҪ޵Уޣںǡôܾ͸ȣøнȰ
ҪǸʲôҪľ磬ɶˡ

Զϰ壡
ʱ겻롣

½֪ͥôֵֹͷˣԴϰߡ
ǣʲôʱ򣬴ĶͶˡ

˷ΪȷɶʱԳĲ˻û׼ˣϾͺá

Եġ
һԵģʱ۾һ˵һû֣Ҷ۾Ҫðˡ

Ҳû뵽ʵˣ˵ҹѾˡ
ȥ֮ǰҲֻ˸޹Ǽצܳһͷţ

ϰȥæȥԷ

˵꣬ԸԶˡŶѣ
ϰ壬öأ











 83 



׵¶ǿ, ½ͥʾ֪Ҫףܵڻ֪
Сӡ
ε, ˵˵԰Լ£

ʱҲ޵ķʸ½ͥڶһ, ֪ô¡

ʱվ, ʱ½˺½Ԫ˧Ѿˡ

ʲô˼ʱһãȻ

½ͥ˵һ, ˵£ƺ֡ȻѾǾ룬費̫һǱ, Ǵȥ

ʱ˲ǸͨѶ
Ծ˵ͨѶ, Ǿȥʵңû뵽¶

һֱʵң̫, ̫磬˵س, Ҳû˵¡

ʱϾ֪˰, û˵

½ͥұ׵¶

ʱ꣺
ඣ

ҡ½Ԫ˧ôţֻܵһ£ǽߵʱ򣬿ױͺ׼ˡ

ʱ꣺ִʲôˣ

صûС½ͥ˵뿪ˡ

ʱֹ˾䣺Ӧð, ױͷˣԸ񣬲β

ǰȥǰԱλ⡣

½ͥôһ˵, ʱ굹Ŷˡ
˵׼һһѣǽʣǸ˾ǰԱˡҪǶԷ⣬ͺˡ

ʱ˿̣׼һӵȷһ뿪ǣڷɴ档
ʵ֮ǰױͻȥʱһˣϾôӣռôС

ľ״̬ܲã֪ô¡
ġ
Ҳǣʱӡ

߻һЩԱȷûǰ˺·
·Ұ뿪ǣһǮ

ϾǵԱˣ׼䵹ˣĶȴǲ٣ͬײ⡣
˵аӺ顣

ǡ
˫죬ױ͵Ĵ˵¶ͱǸʱëͷСӸըˣ½ͥҲ֪ˣܡ

û֪Ա˵ֻҪǲ˵ǾͲ֪ô
뿪Ǻ󣬲ҪҰŵĵطô׼˺·˳뿪СЩĿ϶ôôţպ˳ɫСúҰ׼ҵҫ

ֱڣԱ˵׼׼ĺ·

ױ͸綼֣Ϊʲô粻˵ʱ䡭

ǳԵ࣬ǸʲôôԱǧ𵱻ǰҪסǧ½СģǵҲţӺɿպ󡭡

ʱ꣬ʱꡣױ£ܲҡ

Ҫʱص㶼ʣԱ뱬Ĺͷ
ʱ꣬ȰȥԽԽùѰӺ©ˣǷ϶鱬ʱҿɲٸʲôӡ

ңױף뿪֮ǰԹԵģûȥʱꡣ

һߣԱ˱ͺˡ

һ׼ңɢˡ

ôˣƫƫɫӵܣʣһ׼ҵģѵ̵Ĳô

û˻شˣʱʱڳ˿ռ似
ȻаĿռ似

Ҫ˵ҩѧִģȴСϾҩѧԭѧ˺üˣ֪ʶȴֻʱڲΣв࣬Կɼ

ֻԼףʱҲˡ

ʱָӳȥԼڵæҹ
;ͷĻˣû˭ȥ

ԴҲû˵ʲôϾһȽ˽˵顣˵ˣʱͽܣЩݲģҪһ̵ġ
˵ռ似һͲͨĶ

ʱǴ󷽷ǿǷᾪ棬Сզɶ
øеŵ

ܽȥˡ
ֱʱʱ̶̿ôˣɹôʲôزˡ

ѦٸʮֹעͽȥĲͣԪ˧˵ⲻ߲ݵĿԣЩԣҪټӵӦʳҪʱ̫˵ʲôҲðڳú˯һ

ڣǸеľҲһ²ߵġ˵һ٣¶ٻټһɣݰͰ͵ģһûúóԷ

ûúóԷѦٲͬ
Ͼ˭ҪһһӻвúóԷҪúóԷôһٳԵһҾƵô

ͬһͬģôҹ֮ʱ״̬϶̫á
Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽һ򿪣Ǹӣ·ûˡ

ԱһûʰһѵʳҲûʰ˼һ˸Сԡϴ衣

ⳡ桭
ʶ㶼ˣͷһμôչ׵ġ

ʱССĴ˸Ƿ˯ѡ
⼸Լ״̬һţһ˸ɳ˸ɻģұ岻ôҪϢֻҪʱ˯һ˯С

ôţֻĻʱ÷һü˯ʱ䡣

Ȼ֪ǰ˵ĲҲֻǼ򵥵˯һôôһŴϴԡʳ
˶ˣֻ˵ڵѾʱˣΪʽһô

˸ĵǣɹô

ɹˡ
ʱ˵

˲˹ȥԣԣҸԡ

һҲԲ˰Ѧ˵װͷԪ˧˵

ʱʾҵˡ

ͷȥ½ͥսһ
Ȼʵе㵽ֹԾУ಩ԻϷ档ֻҪ׸ƽȥʱ򿪸Сʹ죡

Դʱ½ͥﱩ¶֮˾;дꡣ
һʼϸѣöˣѶǵˡ

úܶ˸Ӽţʲô򵼣ǿ϶ǼٵģǸڱȻ½Ԫ˧ϰô

ʱϾпռɰѴһգڴҲιƷ󣬰ѻ׻Ҳ
Ҫﲻ̫ʣһ

ˣ½ͥءʱ˵ⶼˣû

⻰һʱһ١
ʱһһ˹ȥ
Ȼֹ֣½ͥϰ壬ҪʱףĳɹүӵĴҲڡ

ʲô

Ѧٵʱʱûɣȥһ֪ˡˣԪ˧ǰˣѾˡ

ʱ꣺ɶ
ô

Ѧ٣ϴһЩ顣

ʱһۣʲô£ܱҪ֣սΣգǸ٣ϸ
һ˵ţһѾ˹ԡ

Ȼ⼸ֵľ顣

ȷмûˣտʼżһ£ֶҵ£Լ׼ҼǨǵ£ûٿ
ԽԽֻʣ˻ף˳Ժ˯ԵǷֲˡ

û뵽ô죬Ȼô¶

ѾȫûҺͰ׼ҵټ֪ģרΪΣصġ
֣ĴζСˣ˵ʤˣ϶ǻһֲãԵǻܵӰ졣

ʱ䣬ȫЩսԶûߵˣҲʮֹע

ʱ궼ô飬һ֪ôˡ

ҼûڣҲȥˣ

˵ͷǵģҲȥˡ

Ѧٵγڣ˼ѾԲʺǰߵϽ˴඼һȥˡ

ʱ˵ͷ

ȻѾ˻ףҲͣˡ
ʱѦһ˷
ֻʣˣżʣ
ǰ˵ûȥ£ʲô¡

ѦͨӾһۣ˵һȻԪ˧㣬˸סȻҲУһ
ȻҪĻǣϢˣϡ

һҵϢǱ߳ˣǺǻɣӦЩϵ
Ԫ˧˵ˣʱüһҪ˸š

ʱ꣺ǻڵɽϰ壬Ҷ֣

Ѧ٣пܡ
Ǽпܡ
ϴζ㶯ûܳɹܿһΡû֪ʲôزһλ᲻Ըһһ

ᣬʱ롣
ΪϴЩûֱӳԭ֡
ȻԭŲǸʱ

һֱ;ú֣壬˵ħ壬Ҫһ͵ȼ֣ȫ˵ɱţƫƫô鷳ôػصķʽ
ֻΪ˲¶ƺҲЩ˵ͨ

ʱգʱûͨ㡣֪һ㣬ħħһ֣һϲŭ仯󣬿һôԸһԸħ·ʽ²͸
һ֣൱ִţ׼˾Ͳỻ

ħ˵ֺöԸһЩǰɱ󣬵ͬĳ嶯ױ¶߾ͬ½ץë

ǰȻûԳԭ֣ʱħҲ֡
ҪȻĻͼˡ

ڵʵץħ壬ǻֵ
ƫƫ
ǰ赶ɱˣϣҪ̫ƽ

ʱͻȻ𣬡֪ʲôʱô׼ҵ£ҵͻȻ˽࣬᲻ǡ

ڰɣ壬һôģ
ѦٲţҪ̸ߵزҲ̫˰

ʱһۣ֮Ųɣ
У½ͥСЩ˼ͻȻҪء

ᡣѦʮţԪ˧ʵôס
ˣôһѡҩ֣Ǳߣʱꡣ
ͷİʱԪ˧ҪһͷͷҰͷժ㵱ߡ

ʱ꣺ʵǺߡ

ѦٶʱǣҲûժôһ˵

˵Ҳˡ
ʱǱ߹ԻţųǰĻ档

Щÿγǰֻ࣬һΣ֮½ͥͷһЩϽнʲôģ׷׽ջ˿ռ档
ȻͻսĻ棬ֻһִݵսĻ档

һƬһƬףģԸƽԸͻȻԳɱԸҶô뿪ô
һƬͬУвڿ½ͥӢ˧˵Ǽʵһʯ塣

ʱ°룺ȷͦ˧ġ
ȻûëҲ˿Ӱ졭ѵ˵ˣѾʼô










 84 



һ, ϶Ǹսйص顣
Ȼпռ

ϾǰǸ֮󣬾ҲûпռϢˡ
ٿʵ, һô࣬ôܸûƵģȻǼòС

ڲ², , ûдﵽһһǲô

ʱ꿴һ, ȻǲģǵооʱĻ켼һ¡

ֻôԭ, ˲ʵڵ, ֻ֮ܿ⣬Ȼһԭ豸⡣

ռʯ֮٣Ǳ߶רԿռʯĶ
ԷֹÿռʯһЩΥĶ, ߽һЩ۹ռ˵Ŀǰռʯһǰ豸ȴá

ĿǰʺϴĹ, ֻһЩϲܹõ

ЩõҲб, ǩֻԼʹá

ѦپһԣȻҲܿЩ
롣
ˣϴʱ򣬻û˵ռءλʱʱ䰲ŵôģΪ㣿

˻Ԫ˧, լ˲ˡ
ʱпʣûҳˡ

Ѧȫ⻰ʣϳԷʣģ
ôôء

ȻΪһϸĸ, ҪЩ̫Ҫ˱ﲻס뷴Ļ
ѦֻܲͣĸԼûõģ˵˵˵

վɰʳﲹ룬ȻȥעһߵķȫȻ׼ȥԼ¡
֮ǰǵóǰ밡

ʱ꿴һۣҲ棬ץ˵ϢȰôһȥ㲻һһĻ

Ѧٱ⻰ŵһ£һὣǿ̫ˡ

ȥʲô

ϰ岻͵ҵģ֪ôʱ

ѦѦ٣

TM֪
λҲͰˣλڻͼ
ƫƫԪ˧֮ǰ˵ˣһЩԾһʱϵʱġ

ôҲû뵽ᷢô졣

ʱѾ˻֣ҳȥϽܾı󡣱ϾǰйϵһʧܶʧܣôҲ÷һѡ

Ѧٲֳ࣬ȥҳ档
ʵ̫죬ϴǵҪطˣȴɱˡ

ֻȷ滹û뿪ǣھĶȴֻиŵķΧ

˵ʱһʱ

ڶ쿪ʼȥѧˡ
пǻῴһЩ췽֪ʶˡ

ѧУǸѧУûʲô仯ͬѧҲ磬ʱ׷׹к

ԻҲԭλϣǰһŮ򵼣һݣô찡Ҫҳˡ꿣㶼ˣ϶ⷽľ飬㵱ʱôģô

ʱ߿һۣ˵ʲôò죬㲻ûʲôɵء
С󡭡

ĥأԻ꿵ŻôİɣϾȿȣϾϵһˣǶʱȷɵЩڣֵͦģҲӣҲǴСģָоɣǡ

ҶҶǸŮͬѧ͵
տѧʱҲʱڶ͡

ʱĥһ£¶ô

˵½ʱҲͦڵģѵΪԷԸ񣬶Ϊҳ
ô˵ϰ塭ôһ˵ǰ½ͥͬѧ͵Сʱͦġ

ԲԣʱէȻ½Ԫ˧ûʲôرķӦ
˼ҵ٩ء
ʱã½Ԫ˧ȥҲĲӦԵ壬¡

ϣΪ½ǰ洿ƵԲ̲סǻɣ
ڵ⣬ܻӭȻӦõ⣬½ͥʲôϵ

ʱˣҲˣαһԻΪˣȻҪȥҳŮͬѧ衣

˵˵˻ͷ˵Ľʱ꣬Ը񣬴žͲ˰ɣ

ʱ꣺

ʱиͬѧһ˷ܵĳôոմϢʤʤ

˵ǰһĶս
ʱ֪ϢȻҪһЩϾ½ͥ⣬Щ⹫ϢȻⷢġ

ǰߵϢѦʱϸϲö͸¶ʤǰܣҪ飬ȴǲʱġ

½ͥϾǶȻͣô׾ͽ½Ҿš
Ĵʱ겢Ǳ߻ʲô⡣

ͬѧҲͦ˷ܵģԻҲˣǴ򿪹Կȥˡ

ʱĥţЩħ壬嵽ʲô

Դϴ½֮ͥǰֹһ٣֮ûҵĶѦ⼸춼סڰ칫ˣֻ۾ض춢ɶˡ
֤ȷĻҪ˻ϴε鲻ǻþˡ

ǰͬѧ֪ڿʲôͻȻ

ʱ̧ۿȥֵôˣ

Ŷûʲôûʲôͬѧ׷׵Ǹпһ½Ԫ˧ĺ˧˧˧

˧䣬ֱĸڹˡ

Ҳ֪˭ңܸ½Ԫ˧һ𡣡

ңԱߵͬѧҿʱǸҲ϶ɣ֣ôڱǻҽô

˵ʵ̫ң½Ԫ˧žͺƣʱؼҾȥ̵Σǽ̵˧ҲͷԼУû

ޣǶʲôһͬѧЦˣ˼˭ѵƵİҲ룬˭䵭ˣΨãֱ̫˺ðɡ붼˲Բ

ʱǿŵļд򿪹ԣϸϸֳһ·ųƵ
š

ͦ׵İɣԻ꿵˵СʱҲͦġ

ʱһãȻĻͷô
Żð

Ի꿣
Ի꿱鸴ӵĿҲǣλףôʱһҲ㡣

ȻԻ̲סҲŸոСĻˣԺҳʱԲܽţ˵׼˼ҸãԼȥưء

˵䣬Ͽˡ

˸ϽλĻλαĿα֮ʦ֮ǰϽˡ

зϿο˵ʮּˡ
Щ֪ʶʱǰѧһ飬ǽһɡȻôʱļ٣ҲҲӰ졣

վɻؼңǰѾ˲ûá

ʵҴһԺȥµֵĻ

׼ȥǿϷôʱȥϷĿǰѾΧķˡ
˵Ϊͨûо棬ڱ֮ȴʮʢС

ʱһ߾ͷΧΧ˺ܶˡ

ɣ˵۹һ˫Sڱߵĵط

һʱʱ껹ûӦֻɶһ˫Sڱզ֪
ȻŷӦ˵Լ׺š

ʱȻѾˣ׷Χ˹

񡣡
żżϸӰ

дһôҿԼ½Ԫ˧жĲࡣ

ǰãˡľ˫SôS⡭

죬֪ͨö˵׵Ҫ֪ͨô

ʱ꣺
Ϸ治ʵ±Χˣһվܡ

׼ڵλõ꣬һüһǰ½ͥߣʣµɺ˹ҹѵ롣

׼󿴿ͼ˸˽Ĺ˽
ĲǸĸôʱʲô÷۵ģ½Ԫ˧Ҳȷð춼¶ʱʱѣҲ̫¹ˡ

ʱͲˡ
ʱ˹ȥۼֿͼһ֣ϻ졣

ԼǲûҲǺڷۣšÿγƷ齱˭
ҪǳһۣϷͶǲϵͷһЩ˻ͬɺϡ

ʲô
ʱ굱ʱЦˣѽͼǲһ
ʱҰ㣬齱һݣͷ⣿Ϊİɣ
ҷźˣԺ뷨˵ЩڣΡ
ҲΪģһ仰⻰ҵʱȫУʦһ˵Ҳ˵һдԶǵùܺߣ֪

ǲ汾֣ͻȻһҼֱˡ

˻ʲô밡ųôһ

ǣ͵ĶԷҲ֪ĸ

ЦˣݺܺߵĴˣȥͱһǲҲΪ㳤̫鲻ڶ˷˼

˶ʲôܴð

ʱĿҲǿϾ˴ˡֻЩ²죬ʲôʱܺ߻ˡ
ҪЩ˵뷨ھ͸óȥֱѪϴˣȻǲǻ˵˭ô˵ģҪôȥȥ

ʱصϷ˵ѣԻ꿣Ȼ˹ȥ
ɣײ˼Сζء

ʱ꣺
Ի꿶ˣ

ʱɿһǸʲôҶλ꣬Ѳ࣬ĺǱ߶롣

֪֪Ի꿺ܿ췴Ӧ㱻ΧǰɡǸûСǴһ𿴰ԣʱհѽͼȥˣǸпһ£ʲô˶С

˻֪ʱףǴθ˴һ֮ӵġ
һҲ֪ʱ϶ʶ

Ȼ߿Ǳʱõ˽ͼ

ʱɿһϷԼλֻ꣬ȥȥǶ

ǡԻ꿣ͷҸŷӦоо⹦ܡ
ϾϷճ̫Ҳ
ǰѵģҲģⷽȻûô㡣

ⳡ棬ʱҲϽˡ
ֻã
ԺҲҺѶλˣܶҲܡȻⲻǽ˼ѵֳײ˼Һ¡

˸ĵطʼϷ

˶ˣսҲԲβ롣ʱ½ͥ־ˣٿЩ֣Ծûʲôѹˡ
˼Ȥˡ

ҹһѣ˿⣬㣬滹вݮâȵ׺

ʱԵ̣ûˣҲܳĳԡ
̬ǲ̫ϲ㣬ֻڱȥֱЩˮȥˡ

֮Ρ

ѦѦٴͨѶʱʱأΨһźǣ
ϰ岻ڣû˳ʣǼˡ

ô̧ͷǱߵѦ١

Ѧٿðûڡ

ʱ꣺ţ

㡭Ѧ٣Ǹ˿ʶ

ʱ˵ǲԼôһܲʶ
ǱѦٶҪˣ֪򵼣֪ҿ϶䣬ġ

ֲء
ֲ˵˾ߣ϶ǾǸ򵼡
µ׼ģǱʲôˣԣȥϷˣ׼ȥˡ

ʱûʲô˵ô翿Ӯ˶Լܲ˼ҪЩ·Ҫȥʲôģ

ȴʱ̧ͷãĿ˵ʲôⲻôûʮİգҸʲôġ
Ͼôзִ硣

Ѧ٣
һ˲䣬֪ʱΪֱ״ô˵Լзִ⻰ġ

 85 



ʱΪ, ǲȥûȥըʵ滹ըͦġ

һƬ֮˵ע⵽ʱ䡣

˹ϵҲ̫, ߸յĻǱ͸״ˡ

Ҳ֪˵ЩǸβεĲС

ؼʶ, ˻½Ԫ˧д, ǲʵʵ֤˾ڱѾ½ҵˡ

˵, һθƺʵ֤Ƶġ
ʱ꣺
治ǰңǸ򵼡

Ȼ˵֮, 浹һѵĹ, ׷ױʾԵľ򵼣Ȼ֪ȫûš

аɣ
ʱҲˡ

Ϳ, ½ǿʢ½ͥԪ˧ǲ˵ռ似, ߵȼ滺Ҳ, һ۹ҲУǿ߶ûء
࡭

⻰еΣգǱ˰ɣ
Σգ¥δ̫Сˡ
㱻ҵ˼ϴθ⻰ͷ, Ǳ߾ۣ˵ҵľҲ˿ռʯ, ʱҲ½ˣʲôҶɡ

Щ˲ʵͰЩСᣬ˵ǲҪͬ

ֵܣ԰


⻰Ƽ˿϶ֵѪѦ˵֪Ҫʲôء

ʲô
ʱ⣬ûЩѵͲǵжˣ

˵䣬ˢۡ
ڷ۵Ȼɾҵҵڸɻ̫ƽϣһС¾͹ˡ
ʱЦһһûˡڶҲܱôֵһױһ׵ģ쵽һĺô

Զʱա

˳ֳһ˵ףԼʲǧڡ
һǧһվɻһ

ʱһѵʱ󷽣ЦƣȫҪǱ˵ĺڣѹûķˡ

ǻ˿ģ·Ҳܴ֣ڷۿ϶˰Ҫǻܸڷ۷ôһ£ٽԺ㣿

壬ϣС

ֻע⵽ͶѾǧô

ʱ㻹ȱȲҼôϹѧȻСе֡

ֻ֪ڰ׼˺ûУǸмһὺûУ

׼˿϶ǺˣȴҲΪĲһ
ڣҲǺԼˣֻǺڴʧôһҡǮɣ

ڼһὡ

һήȻҲˣ֪ǰµľԱǶ֪ô¶
ϴγȥʱװô񣬸һΪĹ»ͷǰˣ˵ʲôǲҲûлˣɵ¶

ɼˣҲǸֻġ

ʱãǲܵģҲֻΪԼ˵ֵĺӰˡ

ʱǮٶȣԼҺõķֳһ൱Ķ࣬ɼһϰҲҪ

ͻȻϴΰ׼Ұʾ½Ԫ˧ƭʱС£ҪЦˣ˭ôõƭҰϰ嵹Ǻܰҵ£ѹ

滰ˣϰַᡣ

ʱ˸Ƿ׼˯ˡ

ڶûηż٣׼ȥ򷿡
һ˵úܶԣôǮˣͶҲͰˣҲ׷


ãǼʻûһķء

ʱ굽¥ӭ
Ǽ¥ʮּ򵥣ȿɳ̣ȻǱͷԴŲһпõʵ꿴һ顣

ʱ͸ʹˣú󣬡ܺãⶰ¥Ҫˡ
ⶰ߱ߵĻͲôϱͨ͸ĻʣµĸҴһȫҪˡǱ߱׻УʣµĲ̫⣬ɣ

·һ˶ûôʹġ

ں汣˶ľˡ
˵ʵҲûôģº֪ʵѦ٣̲ס˳ǡ

ؼʱ껹ֹһңϱȽϺõĵطˣȻûô࣬Ҳˡ
ֻһҲ֪ôģǸǮĺڷ۰ɣʱ걻ǴСɸˣһû

ȥ˸

Ա߾Ǹߵңʱ껹ų̂򣬱ȥ

沢֣ȴҲաʱ۱ֽ֣һˡ

ˣ
ǲԩҲͷ

˲Ǳˣ챻ƻȺӵܡ
һܣͱǸƺͨѶ½ͥء

ԵģЩҲʱꡣ

ϣⲻʱô˴ӵ˹ôزڼſˣ

ʱ꿴Ҳӹһ߷Աݹˡ
ղż˽һ¹򣬴Ҹһԡ

ȻһȺȴԲôû
ϴ˫֮ǻؼҼҼҳһͨüһмҳλߵ˴˾͸˵ˡ

һʱգŸշųû졣
³ɺ޵ġ

أã缸Ҳģ۴һϴαҲԣɳǰߡ
˿ڣͷ˲Ÿŵǣһ֡

ǲҰɣ
ĳܽӴ̨򰡣᲻

ǼʡʱͻȻƵͷҲûص롣
ҪǸн磬ʲôأΪ²ȴûʵŪĻô

ܳ˵ʲôأ
ǲұȰɡһ˺ݻСӣҲ۸㣬ֻҪܽһӮô˵ҪӮĵһµͯ

ʱͻȻתͷǡ

ʲô

㳤ó󡣡ʱ˵ͯͶûҪ

㡭

ⲻһȴֲ֪ԼķҪǲӦǵ÷治ʹ죡ʱ˵Уǵġ˵֣һԱҾ彲ء

ղʱѾ˽⵽һЩײȫ档
ҪԼ˽ҲûʲôдָľǡҪǱͲôˣǵǰ˽һ¡

һĻ˵Цˡ
⡭
ǣôҲװװӰĹûŪ

䣬ǵһµͯʣµĻڿʱһƻʱ˲

ʱһƻһΪһҧȥ֪϶ִ

Ǽӵܣ

Զ𱣻ʱ˶ûЦⳡҲ̫Щ
ǲ֪Ļں档

ʱ굱һſˣҲ۸ʲôֻһˣС
˭ϣ

һȳվ˳
һڣû˵ʲôɼ̨ϹȺǿġҲʵƲʱ֣˭С

Ҫˣһû˵ĵض߹ȥ

Ǳ

źú˼ͬʱվ͵ſʱЦһξͲ˳ϾȥɲĶĶֱӾܵȥˣ͵ء

û뵽ǡ
ȻߵһڽӴ֮󷵻أûᣬûûֵܳʽ

ؼǣ
ʱֹͣʱȻ׿⡣

⣬ⲻܣ
ôᣬʲôʺˡ

Ѿһ֣ʱȴ
Ȼʱ֣û׼öԷ̧ˡǵһΣȻȴģ

Ǽٰʽ˰ˡ䳰ȷ

Ȼʱˡ
Ƥһ˵Һʱ̫ţû˵Ľһͺá

ȴӲǸ֣ýˣֻҪСϳֱһ壬ʱûʲô¶ˡ

ϵģڶţţĿš

λ̲סȥȸһ̨˰ɣ

ѻ죡

Ȼڲѻܾôʱһһ˵Ĵȥɵ̨

ôţλͯӽ쿪ʼһ£Ǻ˰
ʱһе

ˣ

㣬¶ôˡһһſھҪˣ

ʱ̰ˣʱ̲סϣ쳰˳ôĶλǳǣ˵㻰Ҳѹǿ˭˳ۣϾѾûڴ˵ǣǱ˲塣

ˣ㡭

ʱüȥ竲ʱЩ˻֪Ķأ᣿

ΧѾΧ˲ٿֵģʱ׷׵
䶼ˣ𰡣

Զ𱣻ʱļ˸Цˡ
Ϊ׵ǸɣѦ罻ˣֵʱòǡλʱһ˿ռˡ

Ȼʱ꿴ŹԹɣʱҲʲô̫ǿƣżôһ˲䣬ȴڶԪ˧ĸо
˲ȴдڵʱλʱжôĲ򵥡

ҧг˰ΣŵУԸķ䣬һ¡
ߣͲ㻹ѧˣ졣

룬ʱȴ˵̫ŲˬȻǵͯﵱɣϰ㹤Ǯ͵һӮǮȻ׸һˡ

˼ֱҪ裬Ҫﵱͯ

̫ݡ

Ҫǿ򵼵ķϣŲţ

⻰һ䣬Ǳ߾վŵļѦٰŹʱˣ׷ǰվ˹


˵ˣɲǵ¶ֲǹǲǣˡ
ʱӻ־Ҫˣȴס
̨ǲǣġ

ʱͷҲأЦһ˵Ҳǣ˵װҲǣſҪĵǣ䲻Ĳỹǰɣ

ǰȷʵᡣ
һֻ˵ʲôѵô

˷ջһͯ׬Ǯ˵ʱ黹á
ȺԲУһָͷܽԸʱؼǰȥԺ̵ϴθԻʱĿ˻Ȫ

ˣûôˡ
˼һֹ

ǽһòᡣ

ǳ͵ſЦ
ģܣ˵ҪǿǸ򵼣ҽǵһٲɡ

ܣ

ܱУģԲɵ磬мԼе°ɣ
ǿǰһսϵһ̧־շ˵ĺˣһô

̨ûʲôҪǽ춯֣ǰʥĺǰ֮
Ϊڱ򵼣㻹˵û

ͷᱻ˫ġ
ȥһء
㲻ԺҲûȥء

ɶɵˣô֪һѧУ磬ôš

ñܳ˳ǣ˵¶ѧУѹÿ죬û绹ɶҲ֪ء
绹ͦϲӺʱĺ˶ҲΪǸհ׵ģɸϽ¶˵ˣͼסԷ
ʱ꣬Եģ׼ҶˣҲԱˣҳΪһ
һȰĺˣ۱ǡ

ɵˣܳ
ļٵġ
ܰڱշɵ򵼣











 86 



ʱ굹ǲ֪ԼշʥĺѾ֪, Ҵ˺ԶԶġ

ϾڱױŹֱ֪֮ĸĸˡ

ʱǲΪȻ, ʲôһҩʦô, ڻ½ֲͥ, ֻûϻ

ȻΪ⻰˫ˡ
Աǣδ, Ǵ̫ġ

ȻϸϸĽһʱĵλΪϵҩʦŵλߣ
ǣרҴʦܶͶ, ԵܲһЩ⡣˭˵ž͵˴ʦģ
Խ¶츳Խܹע, Ͼǰ;

Ҫ֪ڽģôպأ

Ը½ṩռǸ˹ϵǳ, ϾҪĶ˵;ͣЩֵܶδõ
ǸϷһֱԳ, ʵпǵ۹ڶ˫Sڱˡ

Щ, ҪԿ֪

ң
ֻ½ͥˣûѦٸôŲ϶йϣԼǱҲæأϼ, ͸ȥ۸˼ҡ
ʱҪˣҵȷ档

Աˣҵһ׻û˭ˡҲɵӣǰӺǸõġ
ԽԪ˧ҲǾŮǸõģ

һǴõĵϰ
ǰûϵ, ˵ͨ˵ͨԺӺ˻ˡڿţǲˡ

Աºֹܶӣͷԡ
ҪҶӣ˵»ǣϣҪô㡣

Աһʼأͷһ֪
ָʱйϵ

Ȼʱȴ֪ˣϾԱѵøԱˣѦٻøϽȥԭһ飬ˡ
ŶԭӵĹ

ǲͬ˿۹ʱ뷨

ڰӺߵѾ۹ûϿˡ

ҲβˣϾȫҲӲ̫õģ޹ģôɵġ

Щôʱ飬עģںϵ顣
ôʱ䣬ʵѾںϵòˡ

ʱܸоõ졣

û¾ҪȥȦ˸ҪȥԺ˶˶ڣ죬ϴʱоˡ
ת˲䣬һֻˡ

ʱδйĴСϾʱ£һֱûȻСҲиСģαװĽ˿ȸôСȴûô
ҪԡҹһӻŲôֻˡ

Ȼȱ˵һԡңʱҲЩ
Ȼ⻹ڣһ˲Ͱԡճһźڡ

ٶ̫죬ԶװѹûӦſʼ½ˮ
ˮ˻𣬻绹ˮϱҪˮеΪơ

ʱϽָװá

⹦ǱѾ˷ˣʱ¥ô⵽װˡ

ʱ꣺
۵룬ǣװˣܳѾˣͷװԡҡ

ҺǼװʮ̫ᷢĻ֡綼û£Ǳ߱Ҳûš
ȻҪǳϴأء

ԡϴȥˣ߷࣬ʱ껻˼䷿ϴɾȻ·ȥ˺Ժ

ҹҲأ治֪ʲô
ڷ˻ǰֻʱûӦٻΪˣȻһһˡ

Ҳչһ³һԼľӢˡ

ĺܴ󣬱ϾܹӦܻдꡣʱ껹չ߷һ»Ϊ
˱壬ûΪˣȻҲһǰرʱʹŵ·Ҳ˻

еı£Ͼܻܲһؾ͹һذɣ
Ҳ̫ûڲˡ

ʱ̵˼أޡһӣһֻС˱ˡ
αװɽ˿ȸģɡ

Եķûһеģ⻹Ϊ⾭ԲһΪ

Ҳʱ̵롣

ֻΪˣһһСֻ澡衣
ʱһֱ룬Ҳ˵Ŀġֻеһ̣˹

ʮָˣһû˯

ҲʵѾôҪ˯ԶЩάˡ
Եڶ죬ɺܾȥѧ

Ѧ٣ҹıֳһΣȻ֤ʵûʲô¶ȴҲû˯á
ڶһģ͹ԡҡ

벻ͨˡ
ԡôʱҲֱ̰Ψһĵ㶼ûˣѵ豸⣿ɲڰɣõĿõģҪǳ⣬һá
˵ţѦٿֳ档

ôһֳء

ܵǽѬѬڵģ֡
ⲻûǶڲɣôȣĶǺڵģҪһҹĶյˣҪǵİɣ

ѦɻȻװԡҵѵͲɻô

׼ԭһЩѾ豸ʱ豸һͶˣˣ
öҵĻҼǵǷİɣ

Ѧ٣ʣǵġ

ȻԼҲ룬ʱǼ̺ϵҩ֮оʲôɱ޴Ŀֲô

ûǴĻʱӦụ́ܶ԰ǱѰʹû¶ʱûãǱҲû
һ˲Ѹԡճ⵽ʲô

ʱúõҩʦҪоɶô

ϣʱͽӵ½ͥͨѶ
һͨͶˣѦ״ˣ

½ͥԱ߾ͰһǼԡұպѦĵƵģű㴥Ŀģòʡ
ȻſھǸ״ֻȽͣ
ѦΪڸʲôɱ޴Լ

ǲڣзִ硣ʱ˵꣬ſھһ䣺ô

½ֱͥĿϵӪҺ

˳Ŀ⣬ʱҲ˹ȥ
ʱץ˰ѱƵġ

ȻֺӪҺʱһţŶˣֲȥأȻǰ֮ʤġ

Щָ½ͥãȻ룬ͨͨѶǸʲôģ
ǡȷˣ

𴩵ʱʱ˻ȥ˼᲻ϰ壡

Ծ͸߶ָô

ÿΪʱѾʱ֪ܸš
㣬ϰ壬йôҾ뾭ôһ㡭ˣ֮ǰûʲôû֪ͨҡ

½ͥ˵רעʱϣκϢš

ʱ꣺⵹ģ
Ҫ֪ĻԻ½ͥѦٴߵġϾù˵ĸ٣˵Ǳ߶ˣѦٵڣҲڣѦǸλϻǴã졣

½ֻͥʮҪʵֻҪʱҲǲӦԣһǵѦ١
˵ʲôˣֻҸ¡

ϰ壬ǱӦúæɣľͲ˵ˣǵö߲˺⣬ӪҺȶ̵ģƣѾб侭ˡ

½ͥ

ˣʱ˵һշӵ¡Ȼʵʵ˵˸ɾͰ½ͥŪȥˡ

һͨѶǱ½ͥ뿪ң׼ȥ
ź¶ݴ٣һ䣺ҿȥɵô

ٺʱһ˼ŻſڵôܣԪ˧Ĵʷս֤ôɵ

½ͥ˵Ǹ;ѻġѹû׼ǲ˵ʵҸ
֪ǼٵģȻĬĲˡ

ûע⵽󸱹ٷ׵ɫͻ³һֻٶ̫СĽЩ
Ѧ٣һʼȻҲţʱҿЦ

˶ˣҲǸʱٵģû˵ʲôֻץʱȥ¡

ʱߣͨѶͿսѦ١
״úܳѦٵͣס˽Ųⲻͷߡ

ʱ걻Цˡ
ʲôӦ
Ұ˼Ҽˣ˼˵һ

Ѧ٣
԰ʲô

֪ΪʲôֻҪʱ꣬ƺʲôķӦҲ֡
Ѧ߽˵ҽʱ˵յһ

˳ýˡ

ǼʣʵѾֽƵˡһԱùԼϲµҲˣҲԷõ
׻һЩˣֻֽʲдʽС
Ҳ߹Щ

Ϻܶ˼Ҿͺϲôɡ
ңеĴ

Ǳ͹ġ
ʮֺÿСϸڣȽȻȴֲʧ߹š

ʱתһȦⶫ͸·һЩˣƷòЩ˿մһһһģҲģ׶Ǽٵģ¹޶ԣΪڸס۰ˡ

һ£ϻŵĻ㡣


ʱһӣѵðλԱڽҷˡ

ѦֵĿʱ㲻һֱͦŵô
ôʱԷƱˣ
ôܲҪǲǰŪ㣿

ʱ˰֣㲻

ŪֻѾԵƲˣ͸շһֻ۵һ
ǰҲ½ˮֱԿԶ˵ڣˡ

ԵźžǣʱǸµġ
дʱ֡

λԱ˵Сӣܿԡ
ɣҿ㡣
ʱЦˣѦ٣֪ʲôעʧô

Ѧ̽Ƚϴˣ

ô̲ߵأͨŬҲʵֵ۷Ŀܵġʱһ
ָЩߣƫƫԵж˫ʵˡ
ٴҲ״

ֱ˷ӵ̡

ŶѦ˵ⲻǵָͬԱţ˵㣬עɹˡ
ȥô

뷨½Ԫ˧½Ԫ˧˶ǣһҪʲô£ӦԣȫԺ
Ҫڽ飬ʱ˵ȥԷռɵӣû仰ô

Ѧ٣
ֱİ









 87 



ǲֱѦٲȷ, Ѧ֪ʱ˵Ҫȥġ
λȥ½˸׼

ϰһ, ϴ֮½˷ʱûʲôֳϴ·Ը׼˺öࡣ

ѦȰûȰͨȻ֪ô, ʱ귢˺üС˵
һ, 룬ضһ, ҶΪԼܳ⡣

Ѧ֮ģȻҡ

ѦٻԱСȰʱ㿴, Ԫ˧, ǻСĽ

㡣ʱͷҵô

Ѧ٣ûС

˵СѦаʱȫհһݣôСôķôҲûϢ, ˶ԣֲ㡭

ʱѦܲҵġ

֪
ʱѸһҳͼȥ, Ͼô˵, ҪҵҲˣ֮Ǻҵ֡

ԭⲻհǰɣ
Ѧ룬ǰĲûܲסλСڡ

û¶ٿС˵Ŷ, ҲԣС˵û⣬С˵ݵͺܴˡʱѦٵļ, ˣ

Ѧ٣ѦѾ˵ˡ
ôôѰ

ѦٲûȰʱ꣬ɰС˵ȫ˽һ٣ͷðŵг̡

뿪Ԫ˧ʱʱŻ
һͺܺõӡ

ҵδʱ⼸ճϿ¿ΡϲԷʱ䣬һ١
εûȥʲôƵ꣬Ǿ·ߵСꡣ

ʲôըضƤ̣ЩСĵص
㡣
ʱĳһ֣̫𺶣ѡ

ⷹĽӣɳԲ֣

¥ӵⷹͬʱ¾ҪʼԼ᲻˰ɣ

ԲͻȻʱûûǮҲܿԲθĴθ

ԿԷȴƫƫҪŻܾҷʱԭɣ

ʱ꿪ʼһֽ˵Ǳмֹ꣬СֹܲԱ㣬ȥȥ
һͷֹĿȵ棬һһŮζζġ

ؼеʱϴͬѧۻᣬһͬѧѡ
˰

ʱ룬罻Ի꿣˵˵һ¾˱ƼˣϣֱӸ㻹ССʾһ¾С

ϵֱ˵УûôܽʵԻ˵һ٣ˣȥһˣǸɫ·ŮɣͷܳǱãǸڱ

ʱ꣺ʵû

ԻǾ¾ӱõĻ棬룬ͻȻ⣬ͦġ
ʵǿ˱ˣԿ϶Ǳãû˭ұûģеֻء

컯յģʱʵûۿƬ֮ʣ˵ʵǻǺܽʵģǰɣ

Ի꿣ҲһǿˣҪʵڲȷ̽һ¡ղôʣֱͬ˵ҿҸˡ

ʱ꣺
ʱ£ֺܶ˶˵ɫĶǸܺõİʾ취

ǣڶĳλͬѧһҾͷ֣ǽһƬ̡
˭Ķ˵ʲôô̵ģӱҲͰˣ⻹ӡ

ġʱ˵ͻȻ˼ӷŲ£ʹˡ

λͬѧ
ǣʱ꣬ʲôʱ򰮺ñˣϲɫ
ƺͻȻӦʲô

ʱһղԱһͬѧڿԼģһ߿һ߻Цʲôȫ̵ģҲûõȥȫǷ۵ģŮͬѧϲ۵ôһĻɶɫɡ

Ի꿿һۣԼҲУϵġ

Ϊ˲̫ԣʱ꾹ÿһ˶һףɫ廨šڴڻԼϲɫء

Իһĥ֪һô¡ʱĻ쿴еĻ̸ͦеţûǸС

ֲд֡ʱ̾Ϣ
з塣

Ǳ˵飬ǲڱ̫ࡣǺܿ˵ҵᣬ˵Ҫȥ

ʱ˵ͷ˵ͷԱиҪ顣
ʱѦٴһ¾ȷˣ¶ǰȫԤףǸҲܳ裬ƾ̫͹ˣ֣˳ʱ˵ǡ

Իʵ̫ͬʱԼȥʶôãҲˣλѵúܣȰ
ҼȻǱߵû˵ףӦҲûʲô⡣

֪Ѧ顣

¿ڼ䣬˵ͬѧʱ꺰˳ȥ
лл㰡ʱ꣬ǰǰƣ˵ˡڿĲ˳ʺ

ϴǩ½ʱһҲڲѣͼ鸴ȼװÿˡ

תͷͱ˰Ӻ˵ͱġ

Ҳ̫Ҫˡλͬѧ̲סһ䡣
ŷӦʱͻȻ˵Ϊ˰οɣϾͦҵģôѡǰѲһôҪ

ʵϸ룬ʱͦŵģԿȴȥ۸˭Ϊ롣
Ȼʱɡ
һƬЩûģ඼³ˡ

̫лˣҪȻֱиƭˡͬѧȦе죬ɼлиġȴƺ¶˾Ҳûʱ꽲ֻ˵ͷпԷʱ硣

ʱ˵ͷ
ĵû˰ӦãϾ治̫졣

ϴεůǸսϷʱ򡣴ųҲѧУһѧŮ
ѣŮᵽУ
ʱһٲȥŮǵûлֱӺڻúͨصġ

ǻû˽ӴʶҲ١
ڲͬˣԼˣȻ˲١

ص¶ģͺ

ʱ⵱Լܻγ֮ĵһ׮ΪֵΪΪ˽Լӡ

Ϊ¶ôˣû뵽ᵱ컹С

ǰŽȥ

ʱѦ٣иһ쿧Ǹ

лк͵ҸСľѾˣ⡭

ʱ꣺
⿴֪¶ʱ˵ȥġ

ҲͬѧĻ֪һҲǵһˡҹ·̫࣬ԼҲĶʲôʱĹɣ

ǰһӣúƯһ浥ģЩ衣
ãʷեŮѡ

áʱ

˫к߶ûҪһ˼ֿܿˡ
ֿ֣ʱԼǸŮʷե㻹ʶôʶġ

ʷեЦǰѵͬѧҲ֪Сľ

ŶŮ˵Ǹ˻ϲ㲻ŵǸڻô

ʱ֪ΪʲôһſھѾˣʱ˵ʲôɣ
ؾᣬͷ˵ͷǱһֱڲԵֵͬʱ˸ʱ

Ѧٵǲ֪飬ֵֻʱҵ˻ʶ

ʱ꣺ţ
ңǸŮӣ

ǻСŮܳ谮ʶѣ

ʱûش⻰ֻüңǸڵ۹ϽԼҵĻң
˵һֱȡǱߵ֧֣ƺԷɶ
ң
ߵͦġ

ʱ΢΢ۡ

⹦ⳬѾЦӭ
Ǳ̳ģǰһ飬ȴ·ϴͼݺʱ鲻Ƶġ

εһҲϴԼҵСʱһ߸ⳬߣһĴš

үү㡣ⳬٵ룬ȥүү

ʱ˵ͷҡ

Ѧٸں棬˵ѵüʱֳϣҲڼžǡô
˵ģ·Ƶġ
ڳǰֹȥǰԴȴûɶµļһȥඡ

ң
۾Ķҡ

һ·߽ȥ;·ʷեкλҵС㡣ԷƺǳǱ߻үӹȥģʱ΢ɨһۡ

˹ȻҵһӣĵȴȻԱ
ʱ걻ȥʱⲻҲעĿ

Աߵ˵䣬Ȼ㿴߹ʱꡣ
ʱҲ

˾ô࿴һԱЦŵŴȴǽղԵһʱôƺûɣ

ʱ΢΢һЦ⡣

ΧǰΧŵɢĲˣⳬȥһߡתۼ䣬ֻʣԱʱԼ粽Ѧ١

ԱѦһۣЦŵͦ

ʱҲͷһۣ¾ʢһ˸ѳ˰ɣ

Աɫ䣬Ц˵ˣ˵˲ٷضοŲ

ʱ΢΢һЦȻ˵ֹ
˼ԣ˵ЩŵضβҲֻǲȨԶúء
ģõĵضסĶǮȨˣһǮҲ򲻵һϴּ䡣

׼Ұ

û뵽һôѡʱЦʡ

Աû뵽Ͼ߲ʵ̫󡭡
˸־ֻϣٹЩ겻ڡ

ᡣʱ˵Żһת𣺡ǸŮ޸ԽԪ˧ΪԽҴȨ

ԱЦݲ䣬Խұƽ
ţǡ

ȻǡʱЦˣҵ˼ǣһ˰׼ңǾð׼ѹסңʱôһŮܰƭüҲʧҪڰ׼ҽŪƣȷɶʱ򡭡
ԱϵЦݣʱ˵
һֱãҲȥӦøˡ֪Ϊʲôȴƫƫϲң
αء

Ҹ㲻̫һ·ûôֶΣеȨҲûôҪ
˵꣬ʱִһþķԱȡ˱ƣȻתȻԶˡ

ԱϵЦݳʧ
ⳬҲ˻үү˵Ҫ˶æһô

Ա̾˿ǰôģҿʱҾףûáҪҵתߡ
ֲð׼һֱûʲô취
ԱĿԶԶʱϣżһ۸Ѧ١

λѦ١
ΪʱģȻôһ֮Ļʱ꣬λٵΪģʽû䣬ƺǴӸ½ͥ˸ʱֻ꣬Ÿ١

ղ⵱Ѧٵ˵֮ԣѦȴɫû䣬Եɵӡ

ʱܾ꣬ԱᣬұȵǸյĻҪ
˵ʱվɸøʲôʲôĶȥ˵Ǵ˼ˣȴҲǴ˼˶ԡ

½֮ͥǰһְɡܷӰǱߣǵˡ

ⳬٵǡ

ԶԶĿʱֻ꣬ʵڿϧ
ϧΪá










 88 



ߵʱûʶ, ֪ȴ١
Ͼϵķ׼Ȼﵹ˶ͬйأڸҵĶҲռϷ硣

˲˵, ʵҲߣҩѧϵ츳һ˳ҡ滹վһռ似Ĵߣһ˫SڱͬϵҲ

ֵֻ, , ôˡ

ǰ̸䣬ʱҲܾ˵˵, ˵һֲ¶ƫ˾ܲش𣬽̬Ȱյʮʮĺá
ǡʱ, ˻ᵽ˰λվá

Ѧſ˵, ֻΪ˿

Ȼءʱ˵ﶯ֣еʱֲɵ

Ѧ֪˵ԼûҪǵø, Ԫ˧ڣҪǲ, ʲô, Ԫ˧Ū
ҲⳡӦԵҲ̫ˣҲͻô

ʱĪĿһۣѵž͸ʲô᣿
Ƕġ

ΪЩֲֻô, ͬ˽˵ͬ٣ֳ϶üĶαװ, ˵ᡣ
ֻҪǸűǱʲôĸֳϡ

ںڵĺܶʱʱѾȫˡڸһ˵Ծп˹ĹֶԣЩʲô

Сģ嶯Ҳ̫СʱͻȻ˵ȷҲ֪ô

Ѧ˵Ϊռˣ
ǾҲˡ

ʱûסЦˣʲôˣҿô

ǴλǶ¥̨ܿԺλá
Ǳ߼ƺΪʷեλҵСȻ⣬ȻʷեȴԼǰͬԷۡ

ԶѦ˵ʲôȴܿ

Щ˰ˣǻС㿴ʮֻϲݵģʷեĸ첲һ뿪ˡ

ôѻеͰѦ˵˾䡣

ʱͷһۡ

Ѧʣ˵ˣ

Ϊ˵ʲôʱֻ꣬˵ݵ̫䣬̨Ҳֻ֮ƭƭİɣ

޶ֱѦ٣
֪Զֻķݣ˵˵Ǹɴֱʵݵģ

źõľ籾ɣʱ˵ҹϵ潻òҾȻԸһѣλСϵá

Ѧ˵ⷽȻĵãⶼһ׽һ׵İ
׼λδŮ·װѻҰϴ

ʱЦһתߡ

үӾǱء

Ѧٲԣһ·ţͬ˴кЦź˼䣬ߵ˻үǰ
үȫ֪ʲôģҶˣȻ᲻ӡ

˫Ц˵䣬ʱ꿴ƱҪȥһһ·ôġ
ʱȴͻȻ𣬡

ûе¡үӵֻʣһСŮӦԼ

Ŷ
ʱװģĵ˵ͷ˵տͷȻ˸ΪѻСѣΪĬġ
Ͼ˭ҵġ

Ȼ⻰һүһ䣬۸Ů

׼ȷ˵ѵ鷳Ǹѣɵİ˴ˣҲ

үֲɵģЩ㹻¼ԭˡ
ģʱݶ˵档
Ǽһ䣬Ǹեոѷ֣׼ȷ˵Ϊ̤ͬѧ˦ˡŶҷָġ

˵꣬ʱƮȻȥ
Ѧһֱʱû뵽ôһһҪ⻨ҶҪ̸õĺģ

Ҹ飬ûֱǰ뿪ˡ

·˼̬ġ
ġ
ˬѦ룬ֲԪ˧֮ǰŵģؼʱʱء

Щˣܸ벻ĳ

˭˵˲ģǰֱ̫ˡ˸ֱ̫ˡ
ͷҪٰ磬ֻҪǸҷӣ۾͸

ȥ·ϣѦǺɡ

ʱ굹ûʲôֻһʢĳԵȴôؼһû˸档

˳İѿռϣӣӴ׼ͬƹϰһǽһ̡

ֻǳԵʣ˲ˣʣֲˡ
ĳû¾֪Ϲڡ

ŰԹ⣬ȥϷɱķһͨ

ڶһȥѧУͬѧǾһţҲ֪˭⣬ǻϵĸȥôôҩϵҲҪȥ

ֻ֪Ǹһʹҩϵսġһֱڻ滹ãҪͽģ

ʱͦϲİɣϾãҲȤ

治˵ǰ쿪ʼҾֻˣȺѧͬѧǵȥܿˣ˭֪ˮתҲӲ

ʱĵ㿪ԣȻƼУ԰ϹϢ

ʱÿһļУϲйأûҩϵ¶첻֪˭飬ҩϵҲͬѧϡ
˵Ҫ˽ǰսļ裬þԺо

ʱ꣺ⲻҰɣ
ϾоĶɶģ컹ɹķ
ȻǷǲ˼ҵģͬζţΣһ˲ܰѵΡ

ͨġ
Ͼ˭Ҳ֪ⶫΪ˷Ϊ¡

ʱҲ͸ŮͬѧһһϾеһڻо˸٣˵龪һеĶܸİһЩ

Ի꿣˳Ҳһ
пľͲǷˣһССԿ׿ۡ

ô˼һΪһ˸ĹҲϺڷ۷Ķˣ

ʱһǶҪȥôдĲ̫

ӣһһ˲ޡԱԻ꿵˲ޣԾǶȥ

Աһλͬѧָϵͻսϵͬѧûôӭǰɣ

ͬ򵼣ûɶս˼һϵĸŻã;ҪǳЩС⣬ʱάޡ
أǻֳҩô

ûйףֻΪϺȡ
Ҳ֪ĸ˲УҲһֻһҩϵģͷһʣһѡھϣʣǸҡ

ʱԻ꿣أܳŵסô

СԻ꿵ֻǼ򵥵ѵУǿеԴ˵һ㶼ֹһ飬ͷƻ١

УѧУʦҲ˵һС

һһָӣһָӣȻ߸սϵĵһϵѧʮˡ
б䣬һʮӦò䣬Կܻսϵĵ

һҪǰҪ٣ҲͽһĻϵҩϵôһȻƶ֡

뵽ʱʣǲˣսϵǱڻŵֵҲҩϵѧˡ

ˣɣҲп׵ġ

ϵʱҲѾʼˣ˵ûʲôãʱԼߣ˭Ըⱻڱ߰

ʱһͻ

˶ڳһ˼ͬʱڿϵϡ
Ա߰ڱ̲ˮʱʱĻĵĺ͡

Ի꿳˳ǣǰͦܵôôʱˣܵ˶༷

ȫǡ
ǰʱ갮ܻһԭ˶ıϽ϶Ϊһ¶Ѿ쵽ˣȻûҪټˡ

֮ͬһ㣬̶ֳȵĶ˵ûʲôʵѾȫûҪ

ѧ֪ʶ㿴׼ϳ޻ףһͬѧ·׼Ъ˵ʱ磬ûҪһվ׼ɶҪȥǶ

Ͼ׿ɼʲôģʱҲȫУ֪ĺá
һշڱǰڣǴƿҲ϶ʵˤ˭Ըء

ﻹ϶гصȼ滺ڣʶʶء

⻹ûʼʽأľͲˡкܶ໹Ծʵ̫ͣȻܰˡ

ʱ껹ûü˵ʲôԱߵԻ꿾˵
ǰ˵ǱǰµĶ飬ԾˡʵҲûʤ㣬ҹϵãʶĶ顣
ˣڻȥǼҳȥľƵϰȥô

ʱȥ

ʲôĶԶʤɲúúȥʹʹ죡

ȥ֮󣬷˻治١
ûĲ˵ģһУɺһˣжУǰһӣϲأ߾Ƽǡ

Ҷûģ̸ֽ

⹦˲ˡ

ͬ͵ģУ֮ˡʱˣ˲Ż·룬Һλãſʼźš

ʱ걾׼Լȥˣס㵽ʱҲӰɣָһ±ǻĸо

ʱ꣺аɣ

һһˣĸ¾¾Ǹָӣиָϵָӣʣĸʱʶһϵ򵼣Ǳˣеĵܵơ

ĶҲ࣬˵ûʽϱʱ򣬶ĶѾҺ˶顣
ⶼѾʼҵطϱˡ

һȥָӾͰҪ˵һ顣ʱƣǸ𱻱ġ
궼Ͼϵô޻һ棬һǿǹؼʱ̱ͨ˵ֻһ

ƹԹԵͷ
Ǽ忴ʱ꣬־Ͱڱ˦ɵĺˡ

ʱع˵ͷ֪ˣ򵥣ɶҲøɸǾ£

У˾˵ʱҪܺܿ죬˶࣬ҲЩҪܲ˾˵ʱ˱㡣
ɹԹԵͷһʱԵʮˡ
Ϊ˵ϻˣʼˡ
Ųˡ

ˣ

СЩһͻȻ˵ƺнŲ

ʱǱ߿һۣ˵
ۼҪ𵱻ƿԲûʶֶǰĽŲĶȻҪ˼ġ

⣬˵겻þڱⷽ츳˵޿Ƕرõֶ

һˣǱָͿʼָ

ʱ꿴һ£ˢӣû̫ܣɴ˸ְȫĵضˡ
˳ֻ˸Ϸһһڱơ

߰ȫ

ƣ˵Ҫǵô

ܵʱáʱ˵ҾУģ㡣
˵ִƻ˸λãϾϤΣǺײصһһ׼

һ·ôλãȻҲû

¾һʼͷעһ£ʱú֮ܺ󣬱㲻ٹˡ

ȵھһս˶Էһ飬ִһʼʱͷʱѾվྐྵˡ
ơ
һãȻŹӣһҲǣҲǵģ








 89 



¾˶ֱ, ͳˣ

еСʱ˵û취ܵøԼҵ¸ɡ

¾

ָӵ֪е£սͬҪʱ, Ҫһ򵼳ǰвУʦðѪͷ, Ҫʲô, ͸ˡ

ʱͷʾ֪ˣһ, ʣǳô

ʲôԡͷϡ

ʱһѹٵĳ꣬Űͷһ
Աߵ¾ģܾм죬ϴһʱ, ûж롣

ոֻǿ, 鶼ôǿ

ûǿӣ˵ģһ, ԼϴθǱǶӣǼ򵥵ġ
˵ͬѧУ, ĸʡ͡

ʣµ·, ߵøСġ

һʼܸʱ󣬵ֻܣȻܲˡ
ָӱ˸˱˳һʱ꣬㻹ô

û⡣ػʱ, ˳ƿͷһѹɡ
һ£Ҳλ״̬, űǻá

ʱ껹ʣðæôҵԴͦģҰţ

áԴڱҧС
ҪһȥҪҪˡ

ʱ걾Ҳһøɻˣ˼ҶܾȻ˵ֻգۼ䣬ֲһƬ
Ҳ֪ô쵽ģƬһ׷ǲϢ

̲ס˳ǣôôǷ

λ಻˵ҲãǰʦǰҲûö٣Ϊرء


ðСӸҵ٩ˣȥôʰ㡣

ҲõȻȥ˵

˵䣬ָӵĴ»һλá
ԼģԶǹ졣

ǹûάֶãҲһܣ˫ˡ
Ӱ˳ɾʵ൱ϳԷˣٵһ̶֮ǰ˫ûҪƴĴһ

ʱųˣһ·öøոա
ȻЩ¶ֻҪҪˣȻҸȫֲµλôãܳûྼѹӡ

еһ·

Ҳ㿴ˣλԵαǻϤءÿҵλöǡôö֣Ҳûܴȥ
һû
ָ̲סпǰµôãλñǵ˵ţǱǰ治£ںͷ;Բ¡

ʡĵĻƿˣȫԲùصɶʱСˡ
˼ұˡ

мξָӣû뵽Ǹλøʺϴš

ϴλиָϵʦ˵ʱڱָݡʱָȾĵԵķ棬Ҳݡ
ֻǱˡ

˵ҩѧ˼Ҳѧͦã˭˵˷츳
˭˵ѧУҩѧʦ˭

ʱƣԽԽ٣ҲԽԽô

ȻûҪʱ֣ʱҲ浱ԼǸƿɶҲܡֻڹؼʱܵһѣ٣ǶѾûܱˣֻܸܡ

ƼֱҪʱ꣬ΪʲôһҲۡ

Ϊܵľ̫̣ʱ˵

ƣ

Ա⻰ĳԼˣĶ̣һڱò˺ðɣ

Ҳֻǲ̫ɶԣϾıǿȻҪöࡣʱõףҲЩͬ

ʱֿ̧˿ֻʾģڳֻʣ˲ʮˣһڳµС

ӣļսͿ쿪ʼˡ

ʱҲĹӣ΢
ˣҵطȴδرǰסţһȺ߽һƾɵķ¥

ˡ

ʱϴҲطɵ˴ˣˡ
ĥţ˫Ѿ

ʱһʱһ˸طˡ

Ǳ˫ѾƵܴӮô

Ǻʱ˵
¾ʵҲǳصġҲͰˣ¥ϻŵˡ

ҲǸշֵģǻ˲ص൱רҵ׼ʱȸں󣬵β
ʱûô¶ʵԼ֣ǵȻ׼һ̭ȥ

ʱ򣬾ûʲôһʱκβңǷֿٸѰֵ˵ˣ˾һս
ܿ˫þûʣʱָӶˣԼС˵ָӣָƼˡ

ȻҲûõȥھʣɺˡ
ϵҩϵһˣʱҪúãƸһҲסˡ

Ϊ˱Ҳ˳ˣߵʱǸһߵģһ߻һ˵Ҳ̫ˣҪӷӦ죬ûˡ
൱ȻҲûܶãɺһ˽ӡ

øһȥˡ

ʣˣսֻ
ʱϿһۣ׼¥ϲŵǶ׼ˣҪٵȵȡ

ͷ˲Ծ֮

Ƕ˻֮Ĭȴн
ʱһȴǣôٵȵȣ

ٵˣǶӾʣһڱ˿϶ʱһȥְץ˾ߡ
ʱ꣺

ͬװˣû֣滹һǳġ
˶ûȷǸܺõĶ֮ء

Щ뷨Ҳһ֮䣬һ룬ʱڶԷ֮ǰƷϰﶪɺ
æһ¡
ǲ¾λ⣬˫֮䣬ʱٻλãҲÿǵЩطȥˣյλþȻֱȽϽ

ͻȻһ£ɰɶ˸һ¡
˭

Ʊǻ£ôˡ
ǹԹԵңơ

ƣⲻУ¾ǸղǸʱꣿ
ô˶ϽͳŶ԰ɣ

ȴɫһ䣬Сġ
˸λöţʱ¥ϵҲڳˡ

ôãҾȻһҲû֡
ϾȹģȻȴ֪һ顣

⻹ֻȸ̫ˣҡ

Ҷɵ鲻Ծ

һ־֪ǳ¥ǻˣŲѧ
ղʱĶҲŲ򵼣ĳ˺ٽ૵Ȼ

ֲõһ˫涯ʱ;ܶ졣ֻͷ΢ЩûϺš

¥ǰصʵȴŵúܡ
㲻ҲһҪꡣʱ꣬µ˰ɣǺХǵţξǳġ

ǵһһߵ¾ɫҲһ䡣

Ҳ˲˹

˳ʱġ
ء

ˣͣǻϣʲôȥˣ

ֲǱأʱˣ˭ϷӮԼأʱ䵥Σյ֪ô

ˡɵСЩ

̫ʱ֣꣬˭˭ء
򿪹ԿһۣȻԷǴźûźš
㲻ضˡ

һֲܷԾġ

Ȼһ룬˵ǴǿɲֵļټһҲ˵ǰɣ
ǶҲûж⣬ֻȥͰˡ

ޣ˵ú˵Ťͷɣ𿪿ˣ˵˼Ͳϣѻ졣

ɲ֮

˫ʵǶҲᣬؼ档ĶǼٰʽ˼ȴġ
ӡ

ʱ꣬Ҫ֪ʲô֪ҩõúãûõģΪץ㣬ǻ򶼴˷ߡ

ʱһطͣͻȻڵô̫źˡ

㻹ԼԹ߹ˡ

ҾãǸҿɣ
һ𣬶ɾʹˡ
ʱЦһϧҲ̫ء

˵ţһť

ڸոգ¥氲һѵը
ֱӱըȺըȻǳҡʱˣȻȽŻҳ˹ȥ

Ȼ󣬰¾Ӳͬķ˳ȥ

ȫﲻæֻܽŵĶԭؿš

ȴʱ겻֪ʲôʱȻ¥ȥˣʱһԾ£ֱӾһ˵ϣҵȻһȭɵһ
ͷϵͷһժһƣһײȥ

ߣժ˻ô

ƣ
ôѾ򵹵˳ˣôˡ

ʣµҲ¾˰æܿʰòˡϾ·˵Ƿɲը
ҪʱûըǣʱȺ˾͵ñըû

һû¶ʱȴͻȻһѾӦ̧ǹ
Сġ

ȻʱȴȻ̫ˣλеԶҲ˱ըʱᣬʱҲûܸϹȥ

¾Ҳ룬ȥ̽ץŵ˵ǹȻԷԸһʱ֮䣬ֲ¡
ۿžҪ£ȴʱ׾һǹֱӴǹϡ
Ųæ˵ΪֻǴô

ȻͷһժһƣһȾҩİײȥ
Ͳźˡ
ʲôãժվԻǡ

һġ
ʱ궪ֱһ

ⳡ棬һصˣһŰײ߹ʱⳡʵЩˡ

ϴΣȻ˲٣һʮ

ϾȻը

ʱ˵Ȼ
֪ͼıûջҳôĵģмܻأⶼûϡ

ϴΣϴϴּ˵Ǳû˵εģʵǰɣ

ҩʱ˵

󣬡ٸϸǿ

ʱ꿴һۣµģϴȽϱһ־ȫˡ

Ŷͦġ

ҡ
Ա۾Ϣⳬپһݲ衣
˹ݺ֮ȸԱһſʼϸƷ

ε飬ȫλ׼
ʱ꣬군ˡ

һ۹ԣûϢ̾Ϣ
ЩˣҲ̫Щ











 90 



߶̫, ǰЩ˶ʱҲʱĲ֮һֱֻвǲֳ󶯾
Ϊһ˺ֲܿᷢ˵, ʣµЩҲԾ

ⲻϹˡ

һɻأ, һ, ˭һ

һϻ̯һصˡ

վŵҲժͷ, һ۾˳
¾ɺǸʲô, ɵ˭, ˣ

û˵

ûǰײ˵˱˱죬ƿһֲۣʶ
ô¶

ֳģ, ըòᰡǱǸǹ˰, Ѫء

Ȼֳһ·ļλ, ǻҪһЩǰϸһ룬ȫʱꡣ

¾ҲӦɹʲô¶ˡ

ֲǰ·أܲô, ϴξǱ̭˵ġ

ʱֻ꣬ӡ
ŶԹһȱ, Ҫ¾ɶˣ㿴ңҿ㡣

һƺ˵ҲͰˣˣ˵ûϳ

ɹһ£˭뵽Ǹ򵼣ɻ˻ͬһѧУأѲǸ˼Ӱ룬զҲɶҲ֪

ˣ

Ǽһʱ֪꣬λףλᣬû뵽Ҳôð

ΪһЩԭⶰ¥ļΪľǷغͷˣʱתͷҲ˵ģټ

ô˭ôװ
⣬治ʲôڱ򵼣͸ӰƷŮװаŮװƵģ

ʱ겻ɵӡ

Ҳˡ
ʱ˵ȥɣ

ߵʲôϰ֮ҲϽˣô¶ͷ󺹣˶ɵˡ
Ȼ¶Ҳסġ

Աⳬٶ˺ŲϢϢþòȴַ졣
һ£Ļ֪ܲʧˡ

ʮˣǻֳô󶯾ҲûץԱֱӰѲ豭ҵ˵ϣǷ

Ѿʱϲ˵ֳôĶ

ǱѦæץأͻȻ͵õϢˡ
Ͻϣһ˺úõģץһ

·Ѿ˽ˣʱһ߳Ÿõˮ㣬һ˵󡭡
˵ţһ£¾

˵ʵǼ˺ԺûϵͻȻϢʱÿ϶¶
Ȼһͼһַ

㿪ͷ֣۵ǽ顣
ʲôĶУ֪˭ʼ˵ǺХǵŸɵģʱǱݣʱߡ

ϴǱԩǣλˣǵأЩǵҲ̫ˡ

ôоҲе顭

ڳ׶ģм٣

֮٣ǵûһõġҪǲ̫治٣ȫˡ

ص¾Ļ
ʱڳĳҾɶ˻ƣһҾ͸ɽˣҲ˵ġ
Ҳʹ˵ʲôû˵ʶ˵Ĳ֪

ǵֶûᾫ׼Хˡ

һҾܷ֣ȻεΪǣʱ꣬Ѿ뵽ϻˣʱ׳ĺХǵš

ͬ·ʱһˮ㣬Ž˵ûʲôͼ

˶̲ס˵ϴαôһΣ˭ٸͼꡣ
˭ֻ֪ԡ֤ݡʲô

ҲпǱ˰ɣ

ܡʱ˵˳Ȼʱûˡ
ǰǰʶ
ȻĿȷһ£ûŵĺ֡

ȻûУ̫߹ˣ˼ҿѹû뵽ʮ˳ɹô졣

Ҹɵİɣ󶼲󡣡

֤أ

ǰ֤ء
ʺ黹˶֪Ҹɵģû֤ݡ
εͬ˭֪ǸʲôǵŸɵģ˼ҾǴǵŵš

ʱѦ٣ˣЩ϶кХǵŵӡǡ

ͷ˸ӡһ£ļһէһۿʵȴѾȫǺХıǡ˾á

ѦٷǻԲˣʱͰѺˡ
룬ûʲôҪġ

ʱ꣬һ̧֣Ǳ߸õ㣬֪㲻ϽȥԵ˵Լãڣǻȱ˵Ƿϡ

Ѧ٣
Ѧٷ߷ӳԷһ룬Ԫ˧ڣ˵Ƕһ棬ɲѹæЩô

ʱ꣬óԳԸúȺȣѹĵܡ
ⲻ¶ˡ
Ҫ˵¶ˣһͷûʧʮˡԱڵɫ͸ˡ

¶붼ףҾ͸˵ˡ

ƾʲô
Щ˷·ûѹѹƵģҲǻữ

ˡһʱ˵Ѧ٣ǿλǲˡ

ʱ꣬һڲͬʶʼ۾˼ˡ
һʼԸŵøǲ鵽İһȻҩʵ֮󡭡
ֱڣ˵ÿѾΪǿûٵ͹ʱ֪ʵܸǿ

Ѧϸһ룬ɲô¶ô

ÿһ֣ԵҺǡʵԱ˿ܾͳɹˡ
һǾͰǼҵˡ֮Ѽؼ¼ѵɾˡ

ǳ桭
ǻȥˣ첻

һ̲סʱ꣬ʱ㵱ʱķӦǲҪˣôֵġ

˵˰ʱ˵һ˵Ͳģ˭治ȱڱɱרһ򵼡

ˣ
ǵȻ֪˵ˣʱСȽϺʹȽϸߵļڱһûô

ͨռϵͳ˲ǿԷ˵ʲô

ʱ꣺ŶҶȽϺðɣ

Ѧ٣
ˣ
ֻôƽƽ˵ô

ʱ˵ôƽƽ档
һǲֳôвҪôըһ㿴

֮Ƶ˶޻˵
ֻ֡

Ϊһ䣺Ԫ˧ǰôŵˣȻͬһ㡣

ǸǰԼʱ겻򵥵ĴӵСӳȫȷˣһƽʱƷâ¶ȴɻڲеˡ
Ȼ⻰ŹŹֹ֣ʱ꣬ȴٺʲ

극ұøʲôʲôȥˡ
ȻҲʱģȶȷ͵һزʱǷųƬֻ˵

һʼû˷ʲôԣһʱ֮䶼ֺХǵš
ǸԸǵŵԸϣ֪ǩ˶ٸ˶֪˭ͻȻ˵һ䡭

ôоͼ겻̫԰

Ĳԣ¥ĪǻǵŰɣԲô

磬רſһ£էһͦģȷ԰ǿǺХǵŵı־Щӡġ

ܵ˵էһȫһϸһƣͳˡ
˵û˷֣һᣬǸ˶ܿˣ

ǵ⻹ܰѱӡˣ

ǿ϶ܣܼǴԼô

ô¶

ô¶ԱҲʣǾȻִܷ󣡡

ⳬٵܣԶŵģҲû⡣

ô¶

ԱҪˣⳬҲɵ֪ܲ¶Ҫ̶ȡ
һ˶ǱݺХΪ˼Ҳ̫˽⣬˵Сĸӡˡ

¶;ϸãҸɹһ¶ǵıͶ࣬ټһǵűǡ
ϴξǱǳ⣬λɵӶ֪ˡ

ȻܿϵĽԷĶǼͷˡ
ҳһţֻӲĶһû֤ݲҪ˵ȻǷ̰Ĺٷ

Ȼ˵ʽˣҲûôֱӣ˼ô˼

ʱ
ʱ־һͬѧǵĹİο

Իһ൱ı顣
֪˵ʱ顣

ô½Ԫ˧½˵ȻҲ֪ˣͨѶʲô
ʱ赭д˵ˣ½˻ͦĵģܲסʱ⣬½ͥжͷۣ½ˡ

ܿ죬½˵Ŀͷˡ
ʱʷեһ˵˲Ӧ½ѵǾ˰죬Ҳԭ׼˵ʲô

½Ԫ˧ȻûôúŪʱһûʲô¶ǱҲԱЦǺǵĿš

ʱ껹ǳ˸ԸеС⡣

УеСƺʱͻᣬԸҲࡣ
˳ֻܻظͬѧĹϢһűƽС

ģҲö˵

ȺѾַˣǡ
ʱȹҸ½˵ͨѶɵĴЩ飬˸Ƿ׼Ϣˡ

ңڶ֪ĸڳ˲
һʼΪǵֳģһ֪̽澹Ȼըĳû

ⳬҧгݵǸ֪صģû뵽׼

֣ûʲôˡ
Աͷ۵һԵǳСӣôôѶԸհ׵ľôĺӵġ
ˣӺǱôˡ

˸ԽңЧƺ󣬶ԷǼҵĹϵƺʮֽ⡣

ԱĬ˼һС˵ҸᣬӺϳҰɣ
Խһע飬ܲĿԼֶ˰ɣ

ⳬ٣һᰲš









 91 



ʱڶȥѧУ, һΧۡ
ͬѧǿû¶Ŷ˿

Ҳ̫ˣû¡

ԶԶ, ʱϿ˶ɵˣúõǾȻᷢ顭

Ǳ, Ҳ֪ͨ, ˵Уȥ칫һˡ

ʱһ¾֪Ϊδ¶
˵ǷѧУģѧ¶, λУǺܹעġػȫҹҪѧУûзӦǲ֡

ۿʱϿ, λУƽ, ¿֮ȥ

ʱ꣺
ʵѧ˵ƺϣ˳٣ϰڿΡ

ʱڿ, ;һĿμϢǾȥУ칫ҡ
Ҳǵһ, ·

, ƿˡ

У棬Ƽ
֪Ϊʲôɣ

ʱ˵ͷ
У˵̫ƽԵҲܲˣѧУ滹ǰȫģҾ, ӦÿһסУ

ʱ֮ǰͲµˡ
ϾѧУ棬Ҳû˭ܷóʲô
˭ҲǿѧУǾǷˡ

½Ԫ˧ǱУҿȥͨ, ٴ£ҲûҵѧȫҪ

ʱɨɨҵһӣýһˣУ

УƤûأĸѧһ
ֱˡ

ʱꡮŶһ΢ֱһЩУϾ˲Զˡ
ҲûپˣΪſھ£ʵɣǩĺͬ桭ˣܲ˵ҵжɵģסУУϰ岻ܣֻɼ˸Һ汣ҡ

У㱨ģſڶһʱӻҪ˳ȥٽӻȥ
㻹ֱӡ

У滺ӡҪǧٻ򣬹Ҹ㲻û١ʱ˵һ٣תʧ֮ʱǲᶯˣҲѦپ֮ŵøϽֶ˼ˣҪ˵ûҪ

ǰĻŻͷľ͡
ʲôûҪСǲ֪ءУʲôֻ֪Լµһ֪ʲôˣ
͵λɫĻϵѧһģܡ

ʱէһͷӦҪ˵Ĺ¡
ȻУľǸôɫֽһˣ츳ˣֳĶɲС٣Ȼأ

Һ£ʱ

ԣǡУһ㶣֪
ǰ飬ָʱѧҩѧûϵУû뵽ʱ֪¶

ʱһ̯֣ġ

ڶԷ̫ߵҲö˵ʲô
ֻܵİУûµġ

ȫµĳСµ¶УģһĶ־ҪӵۣʱϽһſܡ
УҿҲˣ½ڿϿʼˣһȥϿ
Ȼñӻ졣

У
Сӡ

Ǳʱ˽ңԶ׼Ͽ廹û졣ͬԻڹ죬º˾䣺罻ֿʲôİˣ

Ի꿿һۣʲôԱ㻹

½һȺȺֻеֳˡŶųʱꡣ

ȺԻ꿣¾ɣԼơ

ص㣺£ԼԼǰ顣
ԼΪɶû˷ʱô

ӦʱûӦںؼҲŷӦġ
ǻ˸Ⱥʼ˵¶

󣺡ʲôʲôʲôʲôҵڶţΰǴú޻֮ľʱꣿ
󣺡ֲأֲÿǵڶǵЦ̭ҲҪһųһӦûУһҲûУӰô
󣺡ͿȻװҵĲ
󣺡֪ҵ͸ÿļ¼һ׼֪ˣ̫ˡ
󣺡

Իʵûס˾䣺㲻ǻһֱ˼ңչʾһô

󣺡
󣺡˵ˣ˰
󣺡뵱ŵĺ׳ǽָ۵ضܻһˡ

󣺡ҾͲˣһֱãɣ㲻һֱųƴôôҲû

ɣ

Ǵϲ¶ôһõô
ʱǸڱ뵽ˡƫƫǸ򵼣ǸֻD򵼡

˵ʵɹôһС£̽һ£Ѿ۷ˣһ˭¶

ɣ¶̫ѳˣҾûô򵼡

ûܴģǸܴԵģȽǿ׳һЩϺڱ֮ܰѹŴģ˵Ǽˣǽһδš
Ҫۼ˭š

ɣ͸ڸ˵ϷǸСʱʱүķ˿ʱǷ˿ʱ걾һô
һDһп˫S
ѹͲһˡ

ɣʱչֵʵͷ·ô˼죬Ҫ֮ǰΪʲôȴû

¾һֱû˵ܵĳȴҲһĴ
ͻȻһ١һλ뻹ȫɾˣͷе˸Ի꿵˽ģż

꿣ͻȻһΪֲ뷨Ҫô

Ի꿣ҲһҪô

˸Źƺӡһ£˶Է뵽

Ի꿶ʱȥǸʱʱүķ˿ʲôʱʼֵģȻʱϷ֮
˵ʱһϷ

¾ø࣬ʱ굱Ի׶սۼʶԼȱ֤ⷽĺ
Ψһܵĵǣ

Ի̲סʱһۣڵģ˵˫SšĿôD˫S

Ⱥ棬£ΣԺҪô档
󣺡¾ʱһʼÿӸ򵼣ǵǺãһ򵼣һ򵼡ǣǴɱķɣ

ǳ桭

󣺡ˣô˵

ƣ޵Ǽܻף˵һ󴮵רҵôʣֱ˵ˡ

󣺡ϿˣȲˡ

ƣߵĻս

Ȼ˿֪û˵Ӱĵĳ֪ʶĺ֮С

κѧУڿ룬ܶ˶ѣѾڹϿʼˡ
ȻҲл˵ģһƬ

Ի꿹Ȼٳɹˣʱ¾һ顣
Ļϵѧơ

ȥ¾֮⣬˲飬ȻҲ͸벻ʱж
ˣʱıҲѾ⡣

ȫǹܣʡİ

¾Щ¼ֱ֪˵ʲôֻܹصԣȫû
Ⱥˣ֪ʡĵһܴǺüء

ѧУҲӵ飬ʱһ鲻ķ棬ʵǿġ

˻˵ʱƽȥ˿ʡĲ٣϶ܰǱáܿ˵˳ɼҲãʱ꣬Ҳһշһڱġ

һü죬Ӷڼ

˶黹ĥϣѧУ׼˳ء
ѧȥҵطˡ
ȻĻ¾˻治ٺʱѵˡ

£˶֪ǳġ

Уܲ³϶ǵɵģ߻Լ֪ҡ
ȻôӲ٣һپᵽ

ÿʱѧǶȽݻһֱҪȵ֮Żƽ
Ҳÿٷһ졣

¶ҩϵûɶϵͬһ

δʱżȥ䣬ҲֻԼȥϾ˵Դ˵Ӧòٳ֣ҲܲסҿͻȻԳ硣
ԲԼѣҲڵʱ˼ҡ

ϱȽĵʱרŲһ£ȥһرóԵĵꡣ
㣬ˮĺյըﶼʮֲһа̰̰ףζ

ʱ̵ĵһԵʮʹ졣

Ȼ𱣻Ҳһһ˳һһ˳һ

Թ֮׼ȥϴּ䣬ԽȻͰӺ

ģƺǰӺסԽȻ
С壬ҪȥˣЩ꣬ҲͦܵġҲû취ҡʱꣿ
֣ҧг˵ġ

⻹ǰӺͱ֮ʱһμž״̬ȵһμʱˣƼԹ޵۾Ҫˡ

ʱͷ߱˵ƣǰҰͽȥȻңڱȾС׼סɼ˼㺦׽һ£츲صı仯ȻΪҪ

ʱ꣬˵˵Ӻ
Լ̯˼˵ԽȻôܻ
Ҫȴ¶漰衣ԽֹϵڣֻҪһԽȻƱػܷУֻܱ졣

ʱѹٴֻǿԽȻ
ԽϽ

һԼҼ棬һԽȻ̬ת˺ܶࡣ
ʱ

ӺûԼίúۿС壬㡭㲻濴

ԽȻ񲻶ʱ겻֪ǿȥˣɴԽȥˮˡ
ٳӺǲˣҲ֪ԽȻô˴򷢵ġ

룬ӺԽȻҲжʱˣԽϽǻû֣

ԽȻһ٣ðβ˵Ҫ̫ģ˻³

³ʲô
ʱ뵽ԽȻ֪ӺǰҲδزǲ½ҵĹ˼ɣȴһû͸¶ɼǲѸñӵ˾֪

¶˵˶ûܺߵ⴫
Ȼʱ꿴õĵԶܺߡȻԽȻԼ⣬Ҳ˵ʲôˡ

Ȼ̵ȥǾŰɡáʱ˵ؼʱ̻ܼװͣʱ͵֪Ϣ

˱Ͳ̫죬˵ҲͰˡ
ʱ˵ű׼ˣȴԽȻͻȻ˵㲻ѡذ׼Ҵڲ߽⣬Ϊģ

ǰʱ˵ǽ̫ѾûôίԼ
ң
׼䵽ⲽѵҵôҿʲôûֻ΢άһȨԡ








 92 



μû, ʱ˵ҰѰӺϳ˼š
Ȼ⴫Χ㣬ֱ˵ʲôһζҲ, ﶼܡȻҲпѾ׼˵ʡ

ͬʱûʲôϵһʱʵҡ
żϵһ

ͬѧڼӽ, ʱⷽɶˡʱķ˿, ʱҲ
Ȼ̽ͷһЩ⡭
㵱Ӧ˫ϵһ޵ġ۾ֻҩʵ̫˷츳ˡ

϶Ȥȱȱ, ֻҪһ죬˲Ǿ͸һƵġ

˼ҴСֱʱϼĿ, ֪ʶ洢١, ʱ궼ȥƵʡ

½ͥѾܳʱûͨѶˡ

Ҳ
ϾǰʱԷýʱ䣬˵ġ
ƺæ, ʱꡮ¡ûͨѶʱͻȻ

Ѧ٣ǲǲôˡ

ʱϢ, Ѧȼ, һӵصмûˣô

ûôʱܾеԾ

ոԡҶܴһͨͨѶô󡭡ţǱϿԤˡ

ҪϿ, Ȼذˡ

ʱҲ˲÷ԼһȴûץǵоҲϽ༶ȥ

鲻ܸŵϿ, Ϊ˶Ŀܣͬѧѧ
޲ýڽڶǴΣʲôΣǲ

иŮͬѧ˵Ĵ
ǰ³һڣֻҪһܰռ¶õʱ䣬Ҿ;ʳֱһҸ顣

ȻϲöǿԱȳġ

ȫС

ʱ꣺ͦóԡĴָ˸ޡ

ˣ

Ҳʱˣ˿š

ϾǰΪ˲УܶʮȦ

ҾͲһˣҺ޲δҲѧУѵҲñܿԲеԻͷݵǰѡ
˵ľǸʷե

⻰ʱ˵Ͼ˦һ¡

ɶ˦˵ſʱ꣬Ƿˣ

ʱ죬㲻᲻㣬ԸǸˣȻİɡˣ˦ˣȥμῴŮˣһʱģ͸Ůѵүү˵̤¡

Ǹ򵼶ʱŭɶðʱ˻ƭҡ

æȰĪ֪֮Զ롣
̲סʱ꣬ʱ磬㣬пǡ

һώʱ磬жÿһޡ

ȥȥȥ㻹ǸռģӶİ

˵˵ЦЦĳģȻ׼ϿΡ
иѵѧԼ֯ģȥɲȥ
ʱһҪȥҲˡ

Ͼʹ˹

¾Ǳоս߾ۻ졣
߿˵ǻš

ˣڽǰѽʱһ˵С

ǷֵģǶӴʱֱ̫ʡˡ
Լ˹ܣܴơʱ򶼾һֻа˸ˣȫõ

ʱĴڸҲߣޣһҲŵǣͷһң˿϶ء

˵ʵ˶ûôʡĵġָ̲ס

ҲЦҲǰ

Ա¾һ˵ҪǿѧıסΪ˲Ե̫ѿ򵼣ǲ̫ʵעĿһ˾ܰǵĻȫˡ

Դӿʼʱķ˿һˣԻĻ֪ܲΪʲô˵򵼣½ͥԸʱһд꼸֡
²ƾסһȥ֡

Ҫˣǿ϶ײҸ½Ԫ˧¶ʱ϶ûвҡ
ٿƯ֣ƿ϶Ҳǽܹ½Ԫ˧ָİɣ

ѧУ֯ĵͼʮֵһҲ鷳ȻⲼ˺ܶϰҲûжѡ

ʱһ֮˳˵Եʱûôɡ

Ƶ˵ͷһġ

ˣŲ첻ģʵʲô档ȻμԸȻμˣһҪŬȥһ

ʱҲȹֻǻһЩһЩ顣
ʲôʱôߣʱҲмɵġϵѵʱֻܸӲ

ˣеĵطߵһЩ

¾ֶûϱͷʱһҪƣ˵ߣϸϡ

ͼУҲ֪Ⱥ˻ʲô·ߣԲĵӡ

Ķѡ
ϰ˺治򵼣էһû˻ûӦǺð֮󣬸𾯽׼һ£λжʱûˡ
ʱͬһˡ

ʱ˵ʲôȴɣ

ѧУһУУԣһս۷壬Ժܿ͸㶨ˡ

Էһæ˳һ˵Ȼǵһݶӵģʵˣǰ򵼲Ķˡ

ǰǵأ
Ƕ˳ˣԷҪ뿪ˣʱ˻û֣Ѳɣǰ򵼸ǰ̭ˣǰɣô

ǣ
ʱƴӺ߶˹ǡ

Ǽˣû

Уˡ˵ţ׷ǰ¾ȥˡ

Ǽˣܳ
հЩˣ򵼸ں棬ʱ϶ûΣհôû뵽ء

뵽ô죬㵱룿ȷ򵼲·ȷǸϣȷǲĶ鵼ֱ

ǰ˵̲סǰһۣ˼Ҿ͡

˼ұȰͷ˵˵Ȼʱǲ֪ǲǺХǵŵ˿ʮʲôˮƽҲ£ôץģʱôȵģ°ȻĲ˵Σյı£Ⱦϲϡ
Ǳ˳ˡ

һ·ôʱ˵һȻܽһ²㣬һ±ѧУĶ顣

ʱſյ򿪹Կһ£ѦٷһЩϢ

йصģ˵жХǵŵˣһ
ֵͦ󣬱Ƿˡ

ʱ͵ķӦǲû̫ǱߵĶ

ءѦǶ㶯֮󣬸Ƕýûʲô
ͻȻӦûʲô󶯾ͷô¡

úõĺХˣҲȥפȥһѡҳʲô˷ˣ
ɲǻɵ飬ɣʱ򻹲ֵ÷зģ

ʱʣϵ½ͥô˵ˡ

Ѧһʱû˵
ûС
ϵĶһ٣дԼãԲûж롣
ͷ룬ǰͷǸĸأ˵Ƿ˵󱻳ȥˣֻǷˣ

ٳ£һֱû¶½Ԫ˧أ

ܰɣѦٲţսǽݱܿܳ״˳塣

β
ʱϲ֪ʲôȴĪͣ˵ֻ塣
ǱĪ

ֱ

Աߵһ£ôˣ

¾Ҳ׷׿˹

е¡ʱ
һһߵȽϼˣǼͷѽ۷ҾС

˷ֱӰͨѶ½ˡ

߽ˣǸģȻȴ˸ˡ
̣½Ԫ˧أð˶һ˷

½ǿЦһ£ȥϴּˡ

Ŷ
ʱʱϵЦݣͷǻ֪ԭҲ˵ģ½ͥ

⻰һ½ɫͱˣҲ֪˵Ҫǡ

ʱ꣺
ܺãȷˡ

ʱüģʣô¶

㡭½Ļ֪Լˣˣôµġ

ʱѹ˵ˣżκ½֪Ҳֻ֪࣬ʲôؼʱ̱˱ѣһʱûӦˡ
ڻǵ·ϣǱ֪ú

ʱһ֪Ҳһ֪϶ȻӲᶯ
ʱֻҪעעһϵϢ֪һͬսѾ˺ڡ

Ҳ˵ʣβ

ʱ½ͥ£˽֣͵һܽӴ½ֵµı

ֻϧҲ֪ɺϻôţ˱ǽݺΣϱλһǩҪϽĺХ
ХǲôĴһִˡ

֮ǰ;ãХ¸Ҵˣôô׾ͱ֪ˡ
Хǹ⻵ҵ¡

Ҫ֪ȥʲôģ֮ڸҵ鷳ٰϢһй¶оһ¶ʲôıҲðһ롣

һţʱ껹οһ½ˣŰͨѶˡ

Ҳص˱

Ѧֻ˼ӣһ˾Ȳĳ˽

ʱ꿴˵ˡ

Ѧ٣
أǸô졭

͵֪ʱ˵ȻԼ˾ϵǲ֪ãǾûҪжĶһƱػзӦڵȾͶˣӦҲò˶ˡ

Ѧ٣ÿ
鸴ӵĿʱֲ꣬Ԫ˧֮ǰ˵ʲôòȴֺܼϵʱꡣ
ͬϢûӦʱôһʲôˡ

ɳһѵõģʱĵһ鲻ȥȡԵġ

̫ˣеȥʱ˵½Ԫ˧½棬ЩңǱϵǱߡ

Ͼ½ͥ£Ȼ˶Ĺ϶ЩϽԼһЩĸһģȺǸ顣
ȥ½Ԫ˧ɽ

½Ԫ˧ôĶȻס½ˡ
½Ѿظˣķɴʱȥˡ

ݼٵȥѦٵ
ֻܲע⵽

ءʱ˵ȥˣ죬ʱиİЩǼȻ½˻Ǿ˵ʱ䲻⡣
û´Ļ
֮ǰ½ͥӦþܻ

¶ҲûҪҲסˡ
ǰѺҲˡ

ʱǾֻʣһ顣
ǾǾ˵½ͥ









 93 



ǰʲô֪֮ǰ, һ֪֪˽ܾͻѦپһֱתȦ
ӲĿԼȥ˵뷨

ʱ꿴һ, ʲôģøʲôʲôȥ
ˣʱҲ, °ˡһе, תţȥʵһˡ

Ѧٶ, ʱ򻹾ʵ飿

Ȼأ
ʱͷһۣʲôʣа

Ѧ٣
Ѧ٣ȥ֡

ʱ, ҪҲûʲô˲ܿ, ͬˡ

ѦҲû뵽ʱҪĲʲôҩʲôƺ
ǡ

⿿ǿƵ̫, ǣʱֻҪ뿪, ܱ
¶ʵнƵķ, ֱܷħ塣ȻʲôôֵĻȻʱַӾ͸ˡ

ǼʿƼڱķнûñȣǬռ似ϵ豸ȴʮַḻ
ֻҪ߹ȥ˴ɨ͸͸ġ

ȻĿǰɨħ, ҲΪǰû
ʱԼⷽ鼮Ȼڱ˵, ܻ豸¶ʱ꿴һ

˵ɣѦȴһ١
ɶ
ԱǸģ豸ǰΪռʵģû뵽˼ѹ豸

ŵô
ȱʲô£

Ǳߣҷˡʱ˵æģʲô񡣡

ѦٸϽ񣬲ⲻ˵롣
ǰҲûôż

ʶôãʱƺǲģгҪϼ²ȥʼһὡ˵ʱﲻܶҡ˯ԷĽࡣ
ҲֻǰʱƺʮӣΪ˻ר˼١

豸Ȼÿæȴûز
ȴͻȻƺҪӿȵģ

òΪԪ˧˰ɣ

һеҵСҪϽץ

һֱæţ׼ȷ˵ʱæѦٱϾܶʱ
˶ת˲˵Էˡ

Ϊ췹ͰҲ˳Էɣ

֮һֱ賿㣬Ȼʱϣ֮ǰѦٽӵϢ˵½ͥˡ

˵죬Ѧ

˫ٽӣ½ͥôϢģ˻Ԫ˧
ûֱȥҽԺʱʡ

Ѧŵ԰ҽԺظܸʲô

Ѧһߴƣ˰̧һ˵ȥҽԺҲû취ҪǱ͵Ϯʱ̣Ԫ˧īıʩľ͵Ϯг⣬Ѿɴûʶ
īְıˣΪձѣκˡ

ֱڣҲûܴ򿪻ڲգֻͬһ˻

Ԫ˧˵á

Ѧ˵ûֻ֪֪

ǸʵŮǿڱȳ˾һʢһǿȻվȴڶҲ룬ֻϣ

ûµģǸأ֪Ҿ͸ȥˣҵʱӦüҪȥġѦµ

Ѿ֪ͨ½˻ˣʱ䣬ܵԪ˧ĸףīεɷ򣬲αˣīӦġ

ʱ˱ۣ˿
û

ǰ;ð½˽лֵһ㣬½Ԫ˧ûа취½Ը˶Ŀǡ
ʱ껹ǲ½ͥˣ־ÿǽлһ桭Ϊ˻㶨һ̨ס

Ҳǣ
룬½ͥ£Ĳ˵Ⱦ͵

ȻһѦһʱ⡭
ʲôӦ

ûҪʲôӦʱ̧ߣҪӻڳǰɣһУⶫ⣬ëĻ¾ͺˡ

Ѧ٣
Ѧɶ

ǱʱѾ̧ȥī˷ų
˵䣬ǿʶ̽˹ȥ

ڶϰأʱһֱûӴīϾʶǿ󡭡˴򲻿ףΪ½ͥȴͬȫ㹻ǿʶֱǿԵīġ

īĵ£Ǳıָ

ѦҪǰ˵ⲻ¾ܽ⣬ͼһĻ˲˶ɵˡ

Ѧò˶١

ɶѦɵɵʣ£ʲô͵ô

Ѧ˳ǣ˵кܾԶ֮ǰӻ¿ܾӰˡ
ڻףܺãԴŤ㵱

һбðɣ

ī򿪻ױգץʱ½ͥ˳
īĵһ˵ţˡһһ䣺˭˭

һ˹ܣѸԼˡ

Ҫڣʮ˷ܵ˵˫Sͬͨ׵Ĳ֮ͬ
ԵĻױ߾Ľӹܣ˲ȴǰƵȻʱʶ֮ߣԷȴҲǲ˭

Ȼڳû˹Щȥ½ͥˡ

죬ҽƲա
ûˣھ滺أ

СЩޡ

һֱ½ͥϣģ֪Ǿ񺣿ܳ⣬ʱزȥ
Ȼȴѣͷʱꡣ

Ȼһ˦βͣ߷˹˲˸ʵʵ

ʱ꣺
ˣ

īŶ㰡Ԫ˧ϲˡ

ʱ꣺
ˣ

ǣ˻δѣ޺ͻѾĵȫˡ

īȻ㣬Ҿͷˡ˵Ǹܺõˣϣ㲻ǸĹεĸһк

ʱ꣺֪ɵģź

īðɣź

Ѧ̲ס˵ʱô˻ûء

ûʲôʱһϲŵޣµҶˣ۾סˡ

һֱʱ꣬һ̶ֿ
ֻôһ½ͥ

˿ûʲô첲ȵҲû٣˻ûǳھ档
ȻС
ûԷˣ

޷Ѧīÿ춼иԪ˧ιӪҺ֤ĵġ

īǰǾ⡣
м򵥵Ĺܣɨ赽ʻԱ״ʱ˵Ҳš

һҽԼҩʦʲôľͶˡ
Ԫ˧ҲһЩ豸͸½ͥ˼顣

ʱѦٲķӦȵȣղī˵ʲôԪ˧ϲˣ

ѦҲ̫֪ˣ㻹һֱԪ˧ء

Ѧ٣ҵô⡭

ʱ·

ߣһѣָбʯͦ
վһ߿ҽǶһšԭϰϲƽʱװ񣬶ûء

ͷ룬Ҳȫûͷ
һﵱʱڻʹ治Ϸųޣ¾޵˹¶ǵ뷨ɣ

ī֪ʲôʱ˹һӵģ
ʱһףˣҪô

ʱŷӦһء

ѻ׷ſȥøʲôʲôȥ

ī½ͥĻף߹ϵԲʱͻȻһܱȵġֻһſǱͻصԭ״̬
ȴû䣺޼ܿɴ򣬻Ҫľǰ׷ϲˡ
īϲˣҪô

ʱ꣺ɣ
ѹҲŵɣ

ȻȻҲǸɵģһͻ˲
ҸײһҴҪġ

һ٣ƺˣȻ˲

ѦٺѦ
˼ֱţƽô侲ԳֵԪ˧֮޾ôŷɷ

öϲ

ѦٸǾףΪʲôһԪ˧ƫʱĸоˣǲǴǾƫġ
½˳һǴĻԭΪԪ˧ǸģʵȴǹȻСƻ

ޡ
ƽ۾ϳīǹȾûۿˡ

ʱѾ賿㣬û˯ĻӦǵڶҹʱˡ
īҪȥô

ʱ껹ûΣһѦٵĶˡ

Ѧ㣿

ûԡѦ˵ſʱ꣬ʱҲûԣһֱûԡ
˵ŵǸŪЩԵġ
ãʱƽһٳһģ϶ס

ȴʱһֵĿô˵

Ѧܲˣѵ㲻

ʱ껹治
ҪǰܻڱϾѾ˱ˣﻹ

Ѧ٣

׼ӪҺ㽫Ϳڰɣʱ˵תĿ⣬½ͥ
˳㻹˸ʱϢУ١

ſʼѦٵµô¶ԷҵˣôǾû֣

ҵġѦԼ˵ʱԺľôˣǱʲô־ǳɵġ

ǣʱ꣺˿סˡ

Ѧʱǻɣ

ǻɣȷšʱīһһߣһ˵ҵģܷӦô죿Ӷˣժӵ׼

Ѧ٣ѵҲ֪£Ȼֽûá

ʱۣһˣһὡ
ݺ֮һǱ㲻ٹעһˡɵЩ¶϶û³ҲûҪע

֮ҵ˻ȥӴһء

Ͼѡǩ½ϻ˲⣬мһήľ״̬һȥ顣
ٽѦһֱˣҪһ㲻ãѦֵµ֪ôһҵأ

¶ʵ˵ܣܼѹûôʵûʵ½ͥ»ʱٶпǶԷ»ܳױܵĵز

ҿ϶֪壬϶֪ȫ飬Ȼ಻ٻ

Ѧѵûô

˼
ʱ˵ӳһʼԸʱõķܿǸԸ໨һЩɹҧǶǿܾͶǹ
ǶԼһὣҲֻԴеֱӴ߸뷨

˵Ƕһ½ͥߵĸ١
Ҫ뷨һùĿ϶Ѧ١ҪΣϰεĸٲô
ôʱһֱû£پͱˣ

Ǹʱѵ̣ܶ࣬Էֵöࣿ

Ѧҡҡͷ
Ѧͬ칫ҲۣҪ۽ȴǲ硣

ʱһ̯֣ⲻ͵ˣ

ʱսʱȻӽôˣ
ûƺþУͷϸ󡣡
˵Ǳߣôˡ

Ǳҽϵ˶Ǵ£ҽƲѾˡеʧѪ⼸ӪҺûϹԪ˧ֵ׳꣬רžⷽ油ܿҪĻǾ񺣡

񺣵ܴ

½ͥľƺˣⱾǺ£
Ѳ޻زȥ֪ˡƫƫ
ڻ鲻ΪʲôҪô

ʱ꣺У˵Ȱ̧ȥ

ˣɶ









 94 



ֹ, ׶ɵˣī
Ȼϲˣ, ̫ðɣ

ʱ굱ʶ졣

һҽӦԣ, ʱ޶Ծкô, һˣԾҲһá
,
ҿԪ˧ģʱ˲ѿ϶ǷֲʱˣϽ˼ͬ˰ȥɣ

ȻʱҪ˸޷Ļˡ

ϽġѦ, ̧ȥ, Ѧ٣Ͻĸңʱסļ䡣

ʱסķʮֵĴ, ˯ĵطͰŴ
һĴһԲڿ, Ѧֻһ, һ뷨

ôߣ治װƷôһ˯ȥ

ʱһ˯ŴԱֲ֪ļҵ궩ƵһͩӣҲŪ˸񳲡
˯, ˯档

ȻȺƺ˯ֻΪƽʱ˯Ŵ󴲡
ƻĵĸˣѸκϴ½ͥ, ̧ŵ

ʱ꣺

ͬѧ۵ĵӾ磬ʲôʱӶϴɾ˱һôġ
̫лˡ

ͽ֮һ˾˳ȥˣֻʣī׻ˡ

ѦٺѦһߣһ˵
ûˣ

ҲﲻæֻܸżѦ˵̧ͷһǰҽǣҪа취Ϊǻ˰̧ȥ
Щ˶ĸ֣Ҳڣ֪ʱܰ˻⾫ˡ

ܲԪ˧ѹǸδ֪
ĿǰΨһϣˡ

ֻܵȣԼûѹ
ʱǰﲻϰæġ

ˡѦͻȻôôƺһҲȣ

Ѧ٣µˡ
ȻΪΪʲôû

Ѧһ٣ܰǰʵء
Ѧٰѹ̸˵һ£ȻһпǴϻû취ⶼܲ³

ѦѦһۣҺһֱϵ㣬ʱҲ¶Ҫ֪ҪƿֵӣȻ¸ϲڣͱˡ

Ѧ٣ⲻ˵Ҵƭô
˭뵽ðȻƭҡ

£ƭƭ˭

˵ŻԶˡ

Ѧһ·СĽصӪ׼úϢһ¡
Ѧ٣˯ȨûУʰʰϴȻȥ½ˡ

ò˵ε飬ʱǽһǡá

ȻǱ½͵⹦ȫ׼һҽʲôġ˭Ҳû뵽;ðʱꡣ
īͰ˸ųˡ

½·ɴʱʲô֪棬ҲǸλϴôЩģôһоûС
˻ôһѦ٣ʵ

ѦŸֲ̾ʱһҪԼءҪϤģ½ţֱʱ̣δظֱʳڡ
˷ġѦٵ˾͵ˡ

Ŀǰ½ͥ״̬ǰһ˵½˻ûЩǡ
֪˻ţ˿
һҪһƱʱ䣬һΪ

Ѧ٣ԭЩҪ飬
ĳûˡ

½˻֮һȥ½ͥʱīš
֣

ˣ

ѦһΣī㿴˭㲻ý

īһС˵ԼϵС޹Ӹĸñͽܣá

½ˣССޣ

ī൱ϽС򡣡

½ˣ
ôѦٶˣôСˡ

½ˣ԰ʲôʱһˣǰǻֻӕbôǶ¶ôЧʣ

ǣ
ѦͻȻӦҲ֪Ԫ˧ϲϲ

ϲʱô½˵֪ϲʱǶȤ˼

Ѧ٣
Ѧ̧ͷ죬ѵ¶һ˲֪ô

ԣڲʱ򡭡
īҿʲôҪϹáԪ˧ûѣ½˽ȥһۡ

ܽī˵Ҫ

Ѧ٣
ûü˵ʲôīѾٴβ䣺һ˵ģ˵ѧУǱߵͨѶʲôĶתӵȥˣǵðӦ

Ѧ٣
Ŷ

ıְǸЩޣ½ͥģʱġ

գۼ䣬ǱУУУͨѶѾˡ

ʱǶʱģշȥûáУǹġ
ѦٸϽһȥͨѶ

½ī׼˵ɶͼԱ߷ɹһֻ˿ȸ
ʱޣ˿ȸצץһСӣƺҩô˳ī򿪵ķŷ˽ȥ

½ûŽȥһһţˡ

ŵϣŶ׼ȷ˵ǵǱ˿߱ɵһģէһǸ˿ӡ
ǣʲô

īͷһۣŶһ˵ǰȻҶ˰޹뷨ܶûѣûһ

½ˣ

½˱סˣһʱҪȥӣӶӱ˹ˡ

ʱѹˣʱ˵ʱڳûˣѹû뵽׻ᡮ״

ҩû֮½ͥϣȻһ߿ʼϸ̽Էľ񺣡

е򵼸ڱ赼ֻҪ׾֮ſԡ
ʱҲռʶǿҶʶñȽϤĹңϾн磬ʶʶķһֱûٹ

½ͥľûʱ겻Ϊǰû̽ŵȷͦģҲЩˡ
˲С£н磬޸ʶҩҲ׵á

ʱٸϵ˵Ĳλ

˺ˣʱü

ʶϵǺټʶǶΪϣûɽǿҲϣͻ⡣
һ̫ˣˡ

ʶʱīغţȻԼ¥ȥˡ

ҵѦʱڿᡣ

һڴ棬ѦѦмûȥǰߵϽнʲôġ
½ҲڣƼ׷׿˹ʵԪ˧ôˡ

ûɶ¡ʱһ˵߿Ѧô˵ģҩߴ٣
һ˵ǺѸ˵ġϴ½ͥΣͷͷҲǾȴǾȻθĳЩҩ

Ѧ˿ңŵʹˣǸ˵ǳһҩҲ֪ʲôûԪ˧ӪҺˡ
ǰҽȫԪ˧壬˵ûʲôкĶֻ˻ûѣԻǾҩʲô

ɣʱ˵ҿЧ񡣡

ʲô

⻰һһϽ뼤վ
ǿǽҩ

ʱֵĿһۣҸɵģûֱӸ㰲ҩѾܲˣҩô

ǡѦٵλϽ˼ǣ

з˵ľȻʧˡʱҩѧģɲ䡣
һ飬ȹ˾ȷüͨᾫʧչֳǿĹײϣȫʧ֮˱ΪҩѾȫ١

ԣⶫʵ̫ڻ˽͵͵о

ôֱ̫޳ܣԪ˧ð϶ûС

뵱ʱҼƻУ½ͥսͻȻʧء
ǼǿʧʱսȫޣǽǸʲôĳ档

ʱ˲ȫˡ

ҵľѾ׼ˣǰȥ̯ӡ
ʱӢۣ½ͥ½ҡ

½Ԫ˧ƽǰ˰ɣͻȻλӦϽʵ

ƻ˳ʵʩõĽͬ½Ͻ½һˡ
ʱ½ȺףԹ֮£Ҫ̲ⲿֵľȨԵࡣ

ѾƽִѦǱϢˡ

λϽ˿Ǿͺá
û뵽ңȻ©ˡ

©ˡ½ͻȻǰ⴦һѵ顭˵ʱ꣬СʱǳһȽ⣬ԡжʱ䣬ʵǵѾúΣҲѴҲ˵ġ

ûϵĻǺХǵŵĳ֡
֮һֲȴȻǺ¡

̲סʱꡣ

ϸһ룬鶼ͬйϵ½Ԫ˧޶ͻȻ⣬µġХǱߣΪҪôǵݺȻХֻҪû裬󲿶ӿ϶ǰڣǸϽжԶܶԶ
ǵֲǸӡ

ȻֵҵģԪ˧ȴûʧȥɱ

⡣ʱ˵֮ǰǶʱ䣬о񺣵ҩƿ

ˣ

½˸ǸжѣСʱǶ㡣

ңƷЧ󡣡

Ѿ˺ðɣѦ̲ס
ǰģɶûˣһҲ˷ӣȻûá
Ԫ˧ûҲúõģѾǼõĽˡ

͸ˡ

һ֮ڱˡʱ˵Űϵ°˰ǣҶҲˡ

죬װû
ַ֪Ӧһ֮Ѳǲ˵һ֮ͺпˣ

ѾͺãѾͺáֻҪѣ˵һܣɸ궼û¶
Ԫ˧ܳš

½һֱŵɳˡ

ʱȴǵŵʲôùˣҾҪæˡ

Ѧ٣ʲôҪæô˵Ԫ˧û˳ʤͷϾ³򣬶Ǻ÷ǳãǱҲûܽңڲ᲻⡣
ãԪ˧ڻ˯ѵҪȥ˶Ŷԡ

û˵ڣ˼ҸûŴһòáʱһΡ
⻹ǳҡ

ңôôһƻʧܣƱزġʱ˵ǲ֪ƱҲҪֱ̽ӵİ취ǸЩ飬ϵĴ

λӣҪˡ









 95 



̸һ, λϽ˱뿪ˡ
ʱͷ彯˵
㻹ǼͳͬǣڿʼҹĿҵҪ, һܳʲô

ʱ⻰ͬҪ½һĿȨ
ǰȻҲǸԼйص顣һȴǲͬ, Ҫȫ

ʱ, ָ˵ϵͷȥ, ĸٵͷ˵ͬˡ
Ȼǿа½ͥ޵ͷ¡

Ѧ٣

½ǵǸСʱ, ͥҲ̫, ܽȥô

Ŷԡʱ˵ȥ֮ҶС

½ʱѾ¥ˣĻ, ģӡ

ӣʲôӣ
ѦãȻ, ﻹӵô

ð, Ӧ˵½¥ˣҪ¶˵ʲô

˵ʲôʱ꿴֪½ĵطô

Ѧ٣˶֪۹ð½Ԫ˧

ʱĵط̺ܸ, ֪֮£ָֻš

ʵǼʵϰ, 鷢չز˱½ˡʲô֪˻
ԼҲҪǾҵˡ

ʱ겻ͬ
ʱϻ۷ǳֶ࣬ҲͬڳˣҶ˽⣬ʱꡭ

˵ˣѦȻ룬Ӵұ֤λڻôء

㼴ҪչԪ˧ֵоǸʲôǣÿЩʱ乻ô

ǹˡʱ˵һ٣ֲ˾䣬ǵ١
ѦֱãȻʱһǣУҲǿǹøȥ칫ſϵأøҰѼ

Ѧ٣
⸱ãѰ

УԪ˧ӶĴڣһСС٣

ʱ꣺취Լеġ

Ѧ٣

߿࣬ȻʱѾˡ
¥ȥˡ

ѦٿһԼãȻѹûֻ˵Ҳæȥæˡ

ѦֻȥУͨѶ
ֻһģԷ˵飬ûʲôһһڣüһ

Ѧٲûס

һҧһţУҪ
˵һ¼
ʱոٵ¼ͷβȫУˡ

ѧԼԸ֪ϵҪȥѧʱȥʣܲΪһĸôѦҲҪˣֱӵҪǲ׼٣Ҿֻøȥ칫ſˡ

У

ʱ˿֪ѦѾˣϵһԻ꿣˵һȥѧУѵǱߵøˡ

Ի꿵ûϵҸ˵ˣǶʾѵѵ
ϾһȫϺȵĴڡ

ʱǱһô¶ԥ˰̣ܾò̫öûʡ
ֻעⰲȫ

ʱ˸֪ı飬˹ԡ

½˿ˣоһ¼ӣʱˣʣʱ˲ʲô֢ɣ

ᡣʱ˵ǺпܣʱҪиSһĶˡ

½ˣʵҲͼǲǣֻҪû¾С
ͼҿأʱǿǧιȥء

Ҳǡ

½˶ʱʹˣҪҿҶӲû£ˡ
ǡ

½һЩȽϸµģ½ͥľʲôġ
Ͼȹܱסһʵ
ʱ겻֪ôݣֻ˵룬һ澵ӣҪô֮ǰ˱ʩǷˤĤŪһѣȻܻǲܰȻʲôѾȥƴס

½ͥľ񺣾ôһ״̬
ʱҩãټϣ˾̫ߣԶԶǰЩ˸ߡ״̬Ҳò˵һμģģͷĿܣͱһҪЩ

ͷһϸµ˭Ҳ˵ֻ֪Ǻõġ

ʱСڣԼȥʵҡ
һ߻ŹԣѦǱߵϢ

Ǳ߹Ȼˣʱڣûֵκκôˡ
ʱ䣬ʱ껹ѶоɹˡȫǸȻ̫ʵҲֻ̫ǶļһСװöԡ

Ͳʲôˡ

½˽һ˹ͬʵ˵ˡǱߵͨЭŽȥ

˺죬ѦרŸ¡

ʱ˵ģһǴѰҵģǾ滷Ǿ뿪ǳȥһܡ
һܣͱϵͳ⵽ˡ

³ⲻ죬ֻӵʱ˵Ĺԡ
Ϊֹһûʱ꣬Ѧ٣Ѧ涼Сһõźţʼж

õĶǰѺӳһ£Ȼ취źۼɢԱýĳ˿ͣʱҪԸϹȥ

ôˣʡ

Ѧý磬˵ĳ˿ͶǵˣǲҲ˵ˣʱ⴫

Ǿͺáʱ˵ţѾ˷ɴ

ͨߵͨһ·ûʲôˣô˳˳ĵˡ

ǡѦ

ʱҲˣ˵ħ塣
࣬зͬͬ֡

Ϊ˷ֹˣ淢ֲԣǵĶڻûˣʱֱӾߡ
Ѧһ£Ҫʱ

û¡
ʱѾ˹ȥһ
̧Уˣþò

ŵĻǱ˵һʱԭʶˣ̧ͷһȴʱꡣ
һô㡣

ҡʱ΢΢һЦôҲʶǣǲʶ

Ѧ֪Ϊʲô˵ʱ겻ӦҲľ
֪֪Σգô
ôµô

ϽȥȻֻɨһۣϵģ

˭ص㿴ʱꡣ

һˣȴԲǸˡ
ʱôЦܺÿҲġȻֻǸоΣա

һеĸо

һ룬ʱͰӡ֤˵
ִָ̧Ķָϱһ硣

С¶ȴԺܸߡ
ֲܿ

⣬ǡ
ûˣ֪˻ȴֻ֪ССһҲܶԸġ

һ֧屾ͲƳ򶷡
ʼþʱǷϻֱӼ򵥴ֱʶѹơ

һѪ³ȥʵˡ

ʱרϣȻߡ
˵꣬ʱ̧ѹѹñأתߡ

Ѧ

ٿſĳ壬ˣһħôſˣ
ǻʵɶҩ

ڲĥʱϽ˽ߡ

˼ҺҲͦõˣһߣ˿Ҳ˻С
ѹ֪ʲôֻԼµҪץʲôˡ

ͦΣյķӰɣȻڰǶɢˡ

ǰǰҪǩ˱Э飬˵һ˵

ѦԶʱŸոոϹ
ôԼá

ʵץˣ

ѦҲлҪʱҲô

ðɣѦ˵ܾԪ˧˴̼ˣʱΪϬ

Ѧ˵ͷȷϬ

֪ʲôоʮңԼûվĶȥ

ʱҵļƻûһɹģһмαʱǰУԼ˴ù

ټ˽Զ
ײϺХǵŵǴΡ

ǴǼƻɹôĹǶû˻׷顣ǼƻʧܣΪʲôȥʲôХˣΪʲôôûסһССǵţǳǵȥô

½ҵ˺ͻʵ۵ҧԱҲʱʱİϼǻΪͷۡ

ʱ궯ôȻҲ֪ˡ

Ȼⳬҧгݵ
˵½ҵĶ̫ķϸһҲ֪½˲£ѦһûҲֶΡ

ʱߵץֳʵ˶ɵġ
Ѷ

ȥ֮ǰɶ˵

ʱһһ¡
ʱ

ӣҲôƻˣŶǳ档ʱ˵˵˵ɣжٸܻΣǻ۵ĳ塣

治

ʱЦЦȰֱ˵˶ˣϾףճ̿Ͳˣǰɣ
Բ࣬ǡ

ַϣһһµţѹ

汻ŵɪɪȻȴʲô˵ֻǿʲôûɡ
ԣǶֵĶģץǸʲô

ʱ˵ͷţԣûֱӶ֣ڰûСɣ
ҪҰǻһ£ԼνӴңȻȥһήô

壺

ǰ׼һ£ȰִҲǰɣ

׼ңŭˣ׼ҾǸⶼɡ
ЩҲûõȥһͱ˰ӺõĻᣬǶźˣǿֶᣬƫҪһ֣¡

ǣ̫ˡ

ҲǣעǻᣬҲûɹ

ȫǷ

ǡڼ͸¶˲顣˵ЩѾô£ʱ˶Ѿµõʵ֤

ѦٺѦţһʱ֪˵ʲô
ļƻ˵ãҵ뷨Ҳ˵Ǵ֮Ŀһ£ͬʱ֣ȴƫƫһһһһЧ

ǶӦˣ˵ʱꡣ

ʱĿǣЩͬˡ
ϴôͬˣͬ˲ǱˣǼһὡ

ɼʱ˼ǻµġ

Ұ
ʱ̲סһЩˡ

ѦٺѦ
ⲻǺģЩɣ


Ҫôʲôʱ˵˭ȥ֪ͨϢ

ʱôԱɫ








 96 



֪ͨҵԻ, Ŀǰʱ껹лҪ塣

ǺûӴҡʱ꣺Ϊʲô

ǰΪԷͨĳ·֪öԸԶȻǰץʱķӦԷܲ顣

ָֻ˰仰˵״̬

ʱꡮŶһ, Ϊиõļƻû뵽׼Һôʧˡ
Լ, ƺϲɱ, Լİҡ

˭Ⱥˡ

˵źöԸ

ǰ, һȰ½ͥвȻλ
ƱҲõ۹ֵòɿ㲻Ҳ, ʱǼʲð

ʱ, ʱᷢʲôԽҶԳԽ
ٽ࣬˵ڶԼľǡ

˹ġʱпԭˡ

ʱԽ, õͻԽ࣬ԽԽǿ
˳֮, 󽫻ݵĿ֮С

ǻ, ɡµ

ʱЦˣ˵úǰɵЩ¶ļƵģ۹⿿ɰɣʱǵĶأб˸Ǳ
, ˵Ҳܲ鵽˭

ѦһѦ٣˵һֱڲ, ǰûͳйϵ֪ڽˮôܲ顣

ʵϲûôףǶ벻˭顣

ȥԼһʵڵ۹ϲУҲһˡ
ԷҲΣֱҲû鵽˭

¶Ѧٶ޲ԼȥϽˡ
Ȼʱȴûټ⣬ƺԼѾˣ̧žߡ

ѦٺѦһ㶡

ֹǶˣҲסˡ
㲻ˣ

ˡʱ˵ҪʵѾˡ

һƬãˣܰɣ
Ȼʱ꿴ҲںǣΪ׼ˣŶˡ

ʱһͻȻʣ㾿˭
ǾԲԭʱ꣬ԭʱͣ͸ðȫץ˲ǡ

ʱͷһۣЦˣҵң˭
ǣģô

仰ʵָͬĽ׶Ρһԭģһʱ걾˵ġûгıԭ⣬ʱȷ

ʱ˵껰˳ȥٴιϡ

ѦʣΪʲôˡ
ʣƺʱ꣬Ҳȷ˵Щ

Ȼʱȴ˵ʲˡ

ôܣ

ʱ⻰Цˣͷô

úܡѦش׾͸¶˺ܶɼֻҪǿڡ

ûõģ˵ģֻЩѾģ޷ı顭
δģ߻Ҫܵģ˵ġ

Ľơ

ʱһʼûžͷֲԾˡ
£ٸĻʦרҹҲǰ״֮ͨ£ֻѻ֮ƣı±½ƵǿĻ

Ȼѻ֮һ꣬ѻ֮˲ɵҲϣнҲʲôƵ
ʱǸޣǷˣôܻаء

ҲʣҲͲ׷ˡ

ҪǲĿԼʣΪεĳǰûоҲ⡭ʱ˵˵ǵļֵѾûˣԭ׼ôô
˵꣬˷ҵûȥˣ¹ϵ

½ͥһֱ˯ſγС˺̫ʱ䣬ǲС

ƺˣһˡ

˵ǲ̫ԶģⷽЩͬȻ̫ԡ
ԻǸϽȥñ˷֡

һ½ͥ޹Ȼ

ʱ꣺


Щ˰Ͽһʵİԣͱ˲˾

½ͥ޲ʱıܴʱܼôһӣȴܲʱϡ
Ȼкܶβںˡ

Դƽʱ˵Ԫ˧޲ʱ꣬øĻǣƣԪ˧ֱʱˡ

ʱȥһ½ͥ״
ͦá

ò˵½ͥãԵ˾ʱ񺣵ҩôԵҲ
ȴõıе˺ҲǺܴ

Ȼڻûѣ飬ûк֢ɲˡ
Ǳƫˡ

Ҫǻˣ㲻񺣱֤ҲһƬҲ

½ͥľȴãЩСҲʱˡ
иҩȥȻûѣȴҲѾһƬƽƺǺûзӿҲûŭΡ

ĴһƬĲƺԱһƯ峺ĺˮ

һУľʮƽ֮£޲ǻزġ
ʱεÿģһǹΪÿģΪ񺣻ںתУ޻ĸ

ʱȥ˿ǰ淢˺˵ЩطЩطʱҩȥעѾõòˣֻܿһǳǳİ׺ۡ

ǻѾˡ

ˣҪھǷĸط첲֮ģѾȫˡ

ֲñһνʱյģɽǺɽ̵Ǻġ

ɽݴ֮ʱ˾ͲҪˡ

ԶԶģѾɽϵʼ֦ˣһЩСҰҲԤſʱֹ˾䣬첻ѣҲӦòˡ

׼ȥͼԱ߿յ˱仯

ǳһӣ˿ӣȻһֻ˿ȸ˻˿ȸһˣֱؽ˿ȸ

ʱ̣Լģʱ껹֪ܲô

ǲô

ð治õģǰɣ

ʱ곷ʶҲģͰѾΧһ״Ĵֽ˸죬ϷҲ¶˼˿߱֯ɵĴɵˡ

ߣԼסɡ

һתʱ⡣

ǰıӰǽˣȻͨѶѦٷԸ˵顣

ѦһΪѣʱ桭Ҫ

ʱ˵ͷԡ

Ѧٻô죬ֻԪ˧֮󲻰¶ͷϡ

ʱİҪںͬϼһҲ԰ɣ

ʱϵһ棬ûѵ½֪ܲôģЦˡ

¥Ƽ½ڹϵȥģΪƵڼû˽ģʽʱɨһ۱㷢һվϡ
һʵվ½һֽġ

˵ƽʱҲô̫£ֻǮȻעһǮȥ֤ʵˣĶȻȥ

ҪڹעԵϵ״̬ģԭǰڱԵǣ֪滷Ǹʲôӣȷá
ͷҲЩǮȥǳһ

½˵ˣ½˻˵ģͦãǮҲǷţһȥһЩˡ

ױ㲻ȱǮҲܴ󷽡ȻĻҲʱһǧ

ڿⷽ飬͸ʱ˵һЩ嶼ʲôġ
ʱ˾Щ죬ԭĸȥ֮Ϊﱾûٴɥ¾͸ûʣԭʱС״̬ʵڲãùƵľ

Էû͸¶ֻ˵Ǻĵ֯

оô͸½˵Ĳࡣ

½˻˵ǮȽ϶࣬Լ·ͷҲûô½ӵһֱ˵ܿԣҪҵǮ顭ҲûҪ֪ңȻױ½ҵıǩ

һûʲôԺµҵøһЩͬ½ҲԸйأһЩӰ졣
ߣЩϴ࣬˵½ģҲ᲻ǡ

Щ˰ѾˣһûʲôʱҲѹ

м¼İɣʱʡ

϶а½˵ǮȥҪףһʱʵдˡ

ʱ룬ԭ֡Ȼꡣ

֮ԭϰֻԼټѧϰɼԽԽãõѧʲôġҲˣȥһЩְûǮˡ

ʱ̧ͷ¥Ͽ˿

½ˣôˣ

û¡
ʱ룬û뵽

½½ͥӦúסǲԭӦҲܲ鵽йһԭ֪˭½ͥȴǲѡ
ǩͬʱ½ͥȴ˿ûᡣ

½Ҳ˳ſ¥ϣЩǣҲ֪öòѡ

˰ɣʱ˵

½һ˿ϵҾͲȥˣҵҶ

ʱ꣺

½ˣôˣ

ʱɿһҸˣҲһʱ²

½ˣ
߱ôֲɶӲʣõܰǿ

Ŷոֱһ£ǲˡ

ǲͨߣ߼ϣôƱһ𣬱ô֣ɲʲôְʲôŪϡ

ˣ½ֵ
԰ǻôָʲôˡ

ûʲô
ʱĺ˼˵ŰҹأǸϽȥĻԼȥ

һϵĻ͹ʱҪ½ˣ׼һȥġ
½˲ȥʱȴҲ׼ȥ

ΪʲôӲӵˡ









 97 



ʱȥμӻȥ, ʵҲûʲô¶¶棬Ȼͬ˽
û, ȴεǸ½ҵģϴġ

֮

߲ŸոսǱѾƬ, Ȼһԣ
ʱ½Ԫ˧ʲôϵ

ôˣԹ, ʲôʲôϵλεĹԱô, ֻԱ׬ø࡭PSʱڳ½Ԫ˧Ϊϰ塣

ɶӦûʱɣõ˭ӣ

ڵ˾Ͳܿ¥ô, ½˵, ʱ½ҳġ

صһը˲ٵˡ
½ҡ
½Ԫ˧ɶϵɣϾ½Ҳûˡ

ʲôȫûװ

еİ, Ͼ½Ԫ˧ֵô£ֻʱסԪ˧ϡʱҾ;, ϳʲôٺХǵץʱô, һΪΪ˱İȫ룬ʵеվסš

ôĹϣΪǰδڳô, Ϊβԡ

ҵ죬ྵCPˡ

ļٵģ˼ֻǵȥμӸ, ̫ɣ

ʱ겻֪£¶Ѿ˾֪

δԻڼң˶ˣô¶ҥ԰ɣ

ȴԻֻһ۾˵ʲôҥԣ׷˰ɡҪ˵ٶҲУôá

⻰һ˲ȫ˶

֪
ô¶

ԻֻôţֻܰԼȥʱķ˵ˡ
Ի꿺Ӧֲ˵ʲôԭ˵ǰͥ磩

Ի꿸뵽Ҵʱ꣬ѹ˵й¶һЩ飬ǡ

Իֵ˵ͷһδɩ⣬һ˼Ҳϲģ

ˣ
һ룬ĸϴŭˣð֪˵æš

Ի֣

ǷԼҵһ飬ǱʱͬѧҲЩ
һ׷Ŵ죬ļٵģ

ͬѧȺ˲ͱˡ

˵ģô죬ҸоҪˡ

˼ʱ½Ԫ˧飬ŵ

ϴǵʱ棬½Ԫ˧ʲôϵڱ¡ˣʱ굱ʱôҵģѰɣ

˵YYǶţһӦҲûУǲˣⶼֹһµģ

ྵCPˣ̳ϵ㡭

ʲô

ǰλͬѧٵĵ˳أûʲôղſˡǻһȺģСеˡ

ּٻƭң

ȥ½ǵϽ̽ϽֻɨһۣŶ׼˰ɣ
Ԫ˧ǲǿˡ

ӶԪ˧ûѵ⣬ȫȻ֪Է𾪵Ƕ֪

Ͻ˵Ȼ
ǰ֪ˣҪһˣҩʦԪ˧ľ״̬ʱҲô

Ȼû⴫˭ָ֪ӵʱ꣬½ѹûֶΡ
֮ɶû˵Ǿδ½Ҳ½

½Լˣ˼½Ķû˵ʲôҸָûɶ⣬úܺãǻʲô˵ġ


һˣ˹½ȴ

Ϊѹûԣӣ½ͥˡ

½ͥԭǳһһѾͷϤĽ˿
ʱûʲôЩԼڡΡСһ룬Լ޸ѹˡ

ޱؽⲻģԱ߲ԶϾʱı壬ǻʲôءһֱͼѱȽϸβ̽ȥС˸

ûѣ޵ΪǱܣǻ㣬һֱûɹ
ġ˿ȸһֱϷŪ

Ȼ½ͥˣȻͲһˣڵóԸͽСС˴ӵĿ϶С˽

˿ȸһʼûӦһ£ȷѾˣҪǷ½ͥ˾ˡ

˿ɻأⲻλεĸ˼ң˺޷ֿôԶ

ʱֻô

½ͥҲӦ˹ϽԼްɿ
̫ǣλôôɡԭԸӦÿɾǡ

Ҳʱ½ͥӦӲģʱ
ͬʱҲӵıֽ

ˢˢȫǴдһ䣺
ʮܶԱ顣

ǽǽȫһ䡣

½ͥ

Ȼ֪ԼԹȥʱ򾿾ʲôֻЩ֪Ӧǰ˼ȫ¶ˡ
ĳˣ·ץʲôѱƵģʮ˸߲ҵôһ

½̲ͥסָ̧ֺڣʱںͬдʲô
ʮ͵ʮһʱ飬һöʱ飬ͨͨòڡ

½ͥһѣԵĸܿʼ
˦ӵķ绨ѩ£Ͻȥ¡

ͬʱϵѦ١

ԭѦԴӰ½ͥͽûӣһⱳӰӣ˶ɵˡ
Ҳ֪׹Ǵʱ½ڽʲôӡ

ԭӰ

˫۵ɴѦһʱûӦֱ½ͥһŸϽԪ˧ŶԪ˧˰
ϲ͸ŵ顣

Ȼ½ͥڸע˵һ¡

˵ѦٻǺܿ׵ģ½ͥºһһȫ˵˸ס
;ļصġ

½̵ͥʱ䣬˽⵽ʲô顣
Ҳòϣ֮ľ㡣ʱ꣬޵ͬʱ־ЩȻ

·͸ôãҫۡ

ʱãҫ۵СʱѾɳӣԸ򿪴˳ȥ

½ͥ˳⿴һۣ˶ɵˡ
ֻԺһѵ涼дһ䣺
ʮܶԱ顣

½ͥ
ͷѦ٣⸱Ϊʲôˡ

ʱõģܲҸҾܾҪˡѦҲ͵

½֪ͥܲô⸱٣֮Ҳδû뿴ֵ˼

Ѧ٣Ԫ˧û뵽㾹Ȼ

½ͥ˵ͨѶ

һѣǱ½Ҳ֪ˡϾѦҪϢ֪ͨһЩˣ½˿϶档
½ʱѦͥ׼´

һ²ŷ֣ȥ

С˿ȸһСȥ
Ȼ½Ԫ˧˸󣬾Ҳ겻ȥ˵޶첻

ī

ſڵĻīڵˡ

ҰŪ

еˡī˵

½ͥŪ

治еˡīһҪŪˣͷϲҪңܰҸô

½ͥ

ɣҾ֪ؼʱ̣ôܱȵùˡ

½ͥ
ͻһĹʱ䶼ûУĻôͱϷ

ˣҪҪڴ϶ϵġ

ϵģ½ⲻô

½ͥʱأЩˡ

½ˣϣһҪˣĶ˰

½ͥ衣

ˣʱҲš½˵˳ȥμӻˣһСʱܻء

½ͥһ㶡
ոʱޡ

ȻûţϴǾԾʱޡ

ôˣ½˵Ҳ˻ãˣ

½ͥǣûʲô
裬⡭

ŶŰɣⶫҲ֪ô⡣½˵
Сʱ˵ѣ㻹ˡ˵ܻ֮ôиоô

п϶еġ
ԡ

ֻһ£Ҫĵʮһʱû̫ע⵽
֮⣬Ҳ˺ܶࡣ

ôһСĹǰβͳȥѾȥβˡ
һŴϣʵǼ

½ͥ׼ջؾС

ȴ½˵ϣצҲǰˣϴСʱʱ򣬻˵̫СԴϳƵģǳˡ
˵Ըˣȫûע⵽½ͥȫסˣʱ򣿡

ǰ

½˵⼸˯Ҫ˼Сʱ˵ˣʲôצβͶˡ

½½ͥ
ǣʱʲôӦ

Ӧ
½˵аɣҾ˵һȻģʱһûһžͷ·ǣץʲôѱһ

ɲ½ͥ룬ܻôɵģܼȫΪ
ΥԼˣ⿴Ժӵĵʮ֪ʱöˡ

ǱʱС½˽֮ǰ˳ȥʵš

ЩûάסЦݣ¶һ۵ı顣

ȻʱҡƼ½ͥ޵ģצȫģ£ƬҲ·ˡ
ߣһָиá

ʱһⳬ١

ʱӰεͷ˹ȥ

ⳬرãϾʱֶʵ̫ܣҲ̫ǵԤˡ
ʱֶβүү㡣

ʱЦˣҰɣΣ滰

ⳬû뵽һҲûУֱӳˡ
Ȼ㡣˵
û뵽ʱҩѧϺݣ֮ϣҲΪһ⣬ܰǵļƻȫ͸

ǲµġʱ˵ֻ룬ҵĻһôɡɣǵ뷨ʵûʲô⡭һмӣϧûãԤĺҲ˷ˡ

ⳬ٣
ҾģʱˣάסЦ
ҵʱһ¾֪㣬֪ΪʲôôΪһͲ½ҵֶΣЩˡ

ˣʱЦˣǰ˴գѹ⻰밵ʾң½ֶºͰɡ
жԭȴڡʱ䲻½ͥ½ҵȷǾӷȡ


Ҿңװ¾ӷҡ

ⳬٿʱ꣬ʵţһҲǱԵǳģ·ĸһȣӲԼҪȥֺ˭ȥЩʲô˭
½ҰһȴҲûԼƷԼ

ңСү㲻˽ңЩ治աҪǰҵ뷨
飬õȥϻн·룬ֱӴȥȫˣɶûˣ

ϧ
˭ء










 98 



ʵȻʱ, ǼʵһЩ鵽ײ̫˽⣬ԺܶʱҪЩϽ

ԼˣԼϢ, ҲǿǺѦ١

ʱҪģֻĲпܹµĵطЩѾѦٻ˱, ֻҪӽС

Щ, ûҪôϸĸⳬٽˡ
ʤһ˵Ĺֻֻ͡ôһ˹ͽϴ, ߱ȽۡʵͬʱŬ

ˣʱ, ǰʱԳ, ץ֪ɣ

ⳬһ㶣װûͦ񣺡壿ʱˣû˵

ʱŲֻ˵ǽһѪͷ, ʵڿȥȻĳǡ

ⳬٶžƱ, һĿ

ʱ˵˵ʲô, ˵ǺüμƻúõģͱǸˡ
ʱ̲סҡͷ

˵䣬ʱԣⳬƬ

ⳬ٣ʲô
ʶվú, ҲʲôȻ׻˵ʱ˵ģҾһϢı顣ͷ忴һ, һһҲôˣ͸ˣԸ˵ء

ʵתͷͰƬѦ٣ע
Աûֻ֪֮ܿıˡ

ʱԱֹһˡ
ʱꡣ
һƺʱͷӦ죬Ҳû˸˵УҲ

֪Ͳˡ

ʱʱ껹֪μʲôֻܸЦһͷУ
ǸУ죬ȥѧ

Уһⳬ١

ߵ˵ͷкתˡ
Уʱ˵ôѦҰ칫ſϵˣ

ʱ꣺
ʱ꣺
ʱҧгݣ˵ˣ

ڻ棬УҲôͥڵѵֻܵ¿κҰ칫һˡ

ʱ꣺Ŷ

ͷؼһ飺۰ѦٷԵǰɣ

Ѧ٣
Ѧ£ôˡ

ٵ£ôģʱҧ

Ѧӣûˡ
Ȼ͵͵½ͥ

ողŴ½Ԫ˧۶Ѧһָӻ˹ȥ
ãá

Ѧ٣
ѦٶӲˣôôѡ

½һûڣȴ뵽ϴװģʱʱҲǸʲôƵţ
¶ţԲδϱ֪ˡ

½ͥ˵ѣôãʮֳ档
ֻɾЩͷȦͺˡ޵飬ûᣬʱҲ֪ĬһĻ

½죬׼˵˵ϵᡣ

¶Ҳǰ˵ʱȥȻͻȻʱԼȥʱӶǶӿˣǸɫĴӡټʱӣ;þǼˣѹûӦԡ
ֱԼҴͨѶϲ˵˼ôҲǰ͸磬½ŷӦ

ʱģǻûϹ֪¶ء

Ҫ˵¶ǱͨѶˡ

ͨһԭǰߴʤѾˡǱһ£ϾͿԻˡ

½۾ʱˣҶƽɣ

ʱҲ̲ס˹ȥ
ˡ˵

½ͥ˵ͷסˡ

ײ̰ʵǿû׾̫лһĳ࣬ֲȶǵʳ
ȥܣǳԳһſǡ

ÿγһ춯Ǵ¡

û׼򵽵סʱ°롣
ʵܾôôһεжǸҴᣬֻû뵽һεʧˡ

ǻǺϲɱ
ƫƫ
Щ࣬ͻᰴ·ȥߡ

ȻҲˣ¶¶ˡ

½ͥ˵ͷ

ͻȻ£涼š˵һܼûôأܶҲµˣͨˣȴʲô
ˣǱսֽˣʱ˵һˡ

ʱ°͵Ҫǲ˵ŲŻͷҾܷųһЩϢ˵ͻǣһֱǱġ
ǲ˵½ͥ˻ģҲ½Ԫ˧ͷȥβ۷׷ס

ǰ³ٲӰʲô͸øһ½ֻͥǰҲԣͲ

аɣʱջ׼ȥ·
˸к¥ߡ

½ղűϵĻҪס½ͥһ¡
ȥ

ʱ¥ʱ˸Сβ͡
Ϊֻ˳·û뵽ſˡ㷿ϰ塣ʱ̧̧°Ǳһָô˶˻˯أǣ

˵ѹһЩҲ˴ա
˴ʱü½ͥĺԾһ١ûü˳΢ЩӕbĻ뵽ʲôʱѾˣϰرϲ˯氡

½ͥ

ʱ걻ı鶺ùЦЦ˾ҪŽݡ
½ͥϽ㻹ûɣ


ʱ껹û򿪣ֻǿһ۰༶Ⱥ֪϶ˡ
̫ˣ

ɨһۣԼ˸ʲô̳ʲôģûˡ
û⣬Ϳֺһı֡

½ͥǡ

ǱأǸôʱ죬컹Ҫѧأ⡭

½ͥص

ʱ꿴

½Ԫ˧ˣٲУѧڻѾûȥѧУˡ

㻹˵ʲô
ʱʱûȤɴתŽȥзˡ

½ͥ
½̧ͥüͷΪЩͷۣ׼

Ҫ˵ʱûоɣʱ価ľ޲šҪ˵иоһͬ
Ҫ˵Ʋϵ⣬ôӦƽ

ʱĳг񣬶½ͥȫûо飬ҲߣֻܸɰͰ͵ſڵš
ʱʱſڻиˣһ

ϰ壬ûʵġ̲ס

½ͥ

һȥֳȻûʲôԵģʱͶˡ
¥»Ѿ˷ˣһһһ˱㿪ʼȳԷ

죬ʱ껹Ҫȥѧ

ѧУȻͶ½ͥĴԣ˷׷׿
ʱһͱôΧ۹һΣûٹʮֵô˰

ͬѧҲûõȥ

׷׿˹

ʱʱǾ۵ǧ¼Ͻȵ
Ⱥʲô̳صģʲô

ͬѧǣ
һͬѧʲô̳У԰̳ѧϰ̳ĸ

ֻǻôô顣

ʱԭֻ⣬Ϊᵽ̳ʱʱмλͬѧʲôأû뵽Ӧ
ʱȥϸһ飬һ¡

üһ

ǲ涼ֱ̳˵Լྵġ
ʱòԣбô¶͵õһַ˳˽ȥ

һȥ֡

ϾԼԼôһ󲦽࣬˶ˡʱ㿪һüһд½ͥ

ʱ㿪˿Щ˻࡭

Ǹʱ갡һͬѧ˹СҲû˼ǾͦȵģǸҪ˵Ҫ䣬ͻȻ˼Һһˡ
⻹ô

ʱû˵ڼͻȻɫһ̣Եŭˡ

ʱ꣬ⶼǼٵģٵģдġ

ʱ󻹼ô¶ǰдĻʲô½ͥһֻ־ͰǸʲôݴʡʲôһֻࡣ

ˣ

עǲôһĲԡ

һȺΪCPȻˢˢĵɴ۾ԻҲ͵ĿŤ˲ӡ

˭дģϹҲñɣӲˣŶԡ
˭˭дģϽҸġ

ˢˢĿһͬѧͬѧ˺һκѾ˳ȥ
ǻûеͬѧˡͷǴ꣬ŸЦſʱ꣬Ǹʱ磬ô֪ô֪ǰͬѧдġ

̳Ͽɻкܶ࣬Ǳдģдġץ˳

ʱ꿴һֲۣɵ
˵ôԡ
˵ݶǴİɣҲЩģⷽдĲ࣬һʱҲܿϤС

ô֪ǰͬѧĹҲץصץô׼

˵˽ǰ룬Ǿ͸ˡ

Ĳ˵˵ʱѧУʱλͬѧ˵ʲôྣ¾ָCPΪĹӡ

ϻҸˣĳҰ¥Ӵϡ֮λûһ£ôôһͬѧѵҵлɣ

ˣ

ʱ꿴Ǹͬѧôģ

ģģϸġͬѧ˵
ֻʱ簡Լǲʲôᡣ

ҲֻǸ򵼰Ҫһڱǿǵǿ۹֮½ͥ½Ԫ˧

ʲô취Ҫôд
Ҳô

Ǻܿ죬˷ȽϻĴˡ
Ҹĵĵط

㱻˾գգۡ
㱻괩˾գգۣ½Ԫ˧ʱȻһĺҲͦȵģѪӲΪʵô

ֲʵģҪģһģʲô취ء









 99 



һ, ٷվ㹫δʤϢ
ͬʱ½ͥҲһ˵˳ûôϸֻ˵Ǳ֮˱, Ÿո

½Ԫ˧Ѿȥս飬ȻҲһ˳

ϻʤͬʱҲ۷׷סڲµĸ֮ͽ, ˰½ͥߵһһ
ȻѦѦһ, Ͼ˭֪ûȥ

ֻһЩ۹ϲˣԼܲµô¡

, ģΪ֮ǾϵǸ٣һֱ̫顣
½ҵķӦ, ȷǳɹˡʱ䲻̽, ȴû뵽һһ⡣

񡭡
ô£½ͥˣ

ġⳬٵѾˣһȥ, ״̬żãһҲܹ˵ġ

״̬أ

Ҳʮֵĺá

ôܡԱƻʧ, ½ͥΪʲôҪػ, ɹˣһڣôܻڡ
ʱ꣬û̬е֪ʲô

ⳬҡҡͷջұ˵, ǸʱǱѰֻ̬ɣ½ͥ¶ûСἰֶβͬ½ȴҲû, һ˲ӿŷҾã½ͥˣѾ׼ӹ½ҡ
񵱳ʹõԽҵľȨһ㡣

ֻ֤̫ţײΪﶯҡ׼飬Ϊ˭ϲЭԵǣô

ⳬٿ½ͥʱĴԣѵǼٵģ˲ûʲôϵ
еĻܻܶעϲ˵뷨ΪϧıԼ

ǵĺҲ²ⲻͬ½ߵˣȻһһĸˡ

ʱ꣬ÿУҵš


УȻҲϵϢʱ˵ġøȥ칫ſڡ
ϿΣ;ǡ

ʱϽ˵ǣˡ

ˣô½Ԫ˧ҲˣУ仰ͱ˻𣬡ôʮĺء

ԭ򡣡
ʱһת㿪һƬĵģ½ͥ޲Ļ档
ⲻŵ˽˵ŵ˵Ҳ㽲ֻҪһߣһ߲ңһ߹š

У
Уֱۣ㡭

ʱ˳ѹ˦½ͥһ鶼ûУ߸˵ĳУ칫ҡ

У˸ѵͨѶ

һͨ͵ѧ˰Ҹ֪½ҹµ˾Ȼƺ

Уʱꣿ

˭ûֵʲôáҲˣ˰ɣⳬٿСųģϳɣӲǱɫ
½˶˵Ǽ˶ҲҪ̫һܶ˼һѡ˵ҵǺƺƵһܸɵҲֻһⳬ٣Ҳǰʱհ˵İ׼ҸᣬһĶûСŶһɱ˼ҵˡ

˵Ҫ¶ŻŻˡ
Ҫ˻հףֶΣ׼ڡ

ױ͵ѾȦ̫ãֻ֪ʱ½ҳϯ飬ʱղѣ
ֲϻذ׼ңԭǰ˸֦

ǰǸѧġױ͵Ĵ

زǸֲϡǰ׼ҵĸԴ뵱μԱµǵǮѾ˺üˡ
һ⻰ױ͵Ĵʮֲ㵱겻Ҳ˸֦˦ôϧĸ֦治Ǻʵġ

˵ױ͵Ĵҧгݡ
׼ܣҷǵæ侮ʯ
ޣء
»ǰ㶷Ұɣϧˣ˼ѹ˵㣬ӺҲ˳ȥ

ִֵһǲᣬǱУѻ˵ţ
ⶼܲˣ϶һһ¶УһҲ֪

У˵ҵȻ֪
Ͼ˭ٵģԸɻ׵롣½Ԫ˧СƵʱ½ͥǰǽһҫ

͸ոգո˸޲ýģҪ˵ûϵ˵ɵɵӶŵġ

ʱ˿֪һƬ˱룬ص̳Щ˴дĶȽֽ
ôС

ʱ굱³٣۲֮

Ƿ˰ɣȦȣ㲻ϲԲָֻʲô˴ôдѵҪ뿴ʲôģ

ǻüˣȹʮ򵼿ȥС˵ûҪྰ½Ԫ˧ܣ

¥̫ˣ˾Ӧֱ

ȵȣô֡

ðʱ磬ʱҪ֪̳̳ơֵܽǿɱƮСȣȦ

Ǿʱ걾ˡʱͬѧڷˣϽֵܽѾƮȦˣ˼ˣѾָˣǿŰ졭

ˣ
ˣɶ

ʱ걾ˣ
ļٵġ

ֵܽǣеɵ˭һƣǲġ

ҲɵҪɾЩģûֻǲдݵģдǿʮ㡣

Ѿɵˣһ

ɵˣҸʱ磬ҴˡѾɾˣϣûмסҵID

Ϊðƻ

ҲģȥλųʱͬѧʺţǻʱͬѧǱûˡ

ѵԺҪʮС򵼺ͬʮ½Ԫ˧CPôʵҲͦȰ

һߣ½ͥȻǺæģҲ̳
һ˯ô죬ȻʱæһЩ飬ʱȴֻܹؼģһЩȫӺȴһûܡ

һ˷æ֮Уֻھٶļ֮ǰҪϺܶ࣬Ȼñļˡ

һߵģҪߵĿʽ
ڳʱļ򵥣ʤȻҪøһЩ

֮⣬ȻγʿİãԼй֮˵ļν׮׮鶼ڵ
ò࣬Ѿ½Ԫ˧˻ǵʱ

ֳ沢
ǼʺܶϿֱԭҲȻʱ˵⻹ǵһΡ

Ѫʱĵһо

ò˵ֻư磬űĳȡ

ˣοˡϹۿ˶࣬۵˸࣬½Ԫ˧в˾
һеӢۣӢ۱δϣؼʱɱУܲ

֮갡û뵽ܿһĻ

ǲ˵½Ԫ˧ľ״̬Ѿתˣ³滺ĹЧôǰͺܹעȷЧĺܺð

½Ԫ˧Ҳ󣬳廹ñ۽С

ϿˣЩͬѧ̲ס뿴
ǼսѾ죬ױʩҲúܺáϾײеĳս߲
Щһһʱм̲ס˳

ԭ͵͵ҲϢˡ

ʦ
ͬѧǣ

ˣȿʦֱӵ´Ļѿμ£˲ݣʵҲ뿴һɣ

սʿνйģЩһĽš

ʦϵ̫ƽ˵ǿеĳ壬õÿսֹù˵УྫҲлС⡣ǴҪŬѧϰԺȡ滺

˵ʱ̲ܶסʱꡣ

ʦҲʱͬѧͺܲʦϣܸǿ滺Լҩ

мͬѧõȭʾҵԺҪоһҪоһ
Ǳʽ֮󣬻һȽϼ̵Ĳɷá

Ҫս顣
һ½ͥ£ԶһЩϡҪǹǲǺȫˣԺûʲôӰ졣

ûӰ졣½Ԫ˧ӹͲǵûӰ죬ҪлڱͱӵĶءΪһҶȻ˽ڰɣľˡ

⻰һ˽Ծ

½ͥѾ˫Sȫ۹ȫǼΨһ˫Sʲô˼Sˣ

ʵ֮ǰжûУS
񣬲ڴ

Ǳߣʹṫ½ңȻ׼˼
Ǿ˸İģǰ½ͥľ֮ʱһ̨Ǿǿģܱǰߵľ

S֮£ΪȼS֮ϣֵֻ֣֮½ͥǰˣǧֵǧһȽ˫S
һֵɵľǧǧϣͣ˰ǧٶʮ

һ˲䣬֪˱𾪵ˣ಻֪ж˻
ֳҲһƬ

ͬѧһɤ̲סʱ꣬ʱҲ̫ס˰ɣôõϢ⼸ˣûϿ

ͷ룬ûֱͦİɣԻ꿵֪û¶죬ʱһʱ磬츳ȦûǶʧһȻӰ۰

ҲһƬ֣
㣡㣡̫˰Ӵˣȫ˾ˡûڿңڿֱ

ǧٶ࣬ʲô㷨ⲻֹǣSǣS˰ɣ

ֱ붼룬ʲô

ǰ˵˱һأʵ֤ˡΣΣգ½Ԫ˧ǻһؾΣͷļһǡ

Ժ˸½Ԫ˧Σұ֤һţ־׼Sô

Ψ½Ԫ˧֪һ£ǰĲֻаǧٶôôһٶࡣ

½ͥľոû೤ʱ䣬ǻ̫ȶû롣

һڣչʾڡ
ûʲôʵսչʾһ˵ˡ

½ͥ˻ףīڿ֮ʱޣҲһڿա
ǰֵǿ޵ı仯ҲܿóľǰĲ

ɵˣܣôܣ
Աžһˤ˸ӡ







 100 



ԱҲ벻, ⾿ô¡
ˣǵûû裬ĳɹ˾

ܣһߵⳬô, ״֮£־ĶСˣպȫˡ
вܸߵS, ôܾ½ͥá

˵ô¶

ⳬ, ô֪

᲻Ǹʱ꣬ʲôҩ, ܡⳬ˵Լҡͷˡ
ôᣬܽǧٻ֭ҺŪٷְѾˣôȵɵ˺˵, ǶʱæźǶ, ʱооʱ䶼Ӷ̣Ҫķϣǲʲôɹġ
, Ǵʱǽȴ, ҴΧĸ½֮ʱô

⵽ô¶
үү, ȥʵǱ߿ʵһ¡

ȥɣԱСһЩ

ʱߣͬѧǶˣһֱС
ǣSɣֱˣ

ʵڵô, 㿴ǲǺôһ

ֵ˰ɣ, ϧ½Ԫ˧ǵ۹ġ

ʱĵϵѦ٣˼ĵʱ̣÷

Ѧ٣

ʱ꣺˵ŵ尡С棬ȱ֣д˺ϢôܲǿҲһ¡

ˣ
Ѧٳ룬ǽиôƵѪɣ

Ǳأ

ġʱ˵Ǳ߲Ҳ֪ŲƽʱŸƨǶ޲øų¼ã˵ִ¡

ϸַˣӺһĻ۶ˡ
ƾʲôƾʲôʱôãƾʲôϲǿȨƣֻϲġ

еãϾҪԿҡԽȻ̬Ⱥ˲٣֪á
㶨ԽȻٿܲ˵æ½ͥǣߡ

һʲô˻ءĸһù赱ߣʱҲô³á

ӲãԱⳬٺܶȻ˵ڻ֪ʱΪԵõ룬һԵǳģԵɺҩЩ츳ȡ
һDķѡ
赱껹SأҲǺݣ󻹲ǵλͣǶȥˡ

ţӺָԽȻϢ
߿ࡣ

ԽȻЦһ

Ȼҳģ˼·ԶûϵôôǴ棬Ҳƺͻơ
ܺã
ҲϲôƳ档

ѧУ
½ͥĻսҲ¿ˡʦ߲뿪ңǱ˾ͰʱΧˡ

üһʱ磬ǣSڱ

ǰ㻹Ҹдùʮ㡭
Ҫʲô򵼣ܹһSڱأҪ½Ԫ˧д̫֪Ԫ˧۵ء
Ҳֻд½ͥΪʱ꣬Ըװһ򲻹ģ˵ͦྵġ

Ҫǣ˼CPĵģµġ

Щˣǻ˵˵¶ɡʱ磬½Ԫ˧ôһİ˭ȶİ

ǱȻ
ԣǡûһء

ͬѧѾۡĻû뵽½Ԫ˧ģһΪ˶վǰ࿴һۣԭʱ磬Ҳǡ

ʱ걻ˣ֪ôģͷûٷ

ͬѧţĵεս
ʵ̫ɶˣҪûǣٶٳս

ҵǾɶǱʹˣ嵽׷࣬ԼҪͱӶ½Ԫ˧֡ҺãҺü࣬ø

Һ½ҷӦʱ½Ԫ˧ʱȥ򣬲Ȼһ߾Ǿǳѡ

ʱ棬ţĵǰ嵫ŽһǾпܻ˵ˣܻԵˡ
ҸЩ

˵ϼˣµ۹һƬңҿҲֵõġ

У˵ʵ۵ĵ۹ٺҲûáµ۹ٲֻҪʱУǡ

ȫûһкͶľη

Щѧ

ʱ
ҵ˽ʵڡ
ⳬҪٴζ飬Ϊ˻óĵģðٷְٴȵǧٻ֭Һ滺
ǻɣ滺ԭ

ǡ
׼
ûˣֱʵ顣

һڵ˲˵ȽҪ֮Ҫ

ⶼʲôʱˣҪҪҪǵɹˣǻøлء

ɣǵľߣѵõ˲š

˲ŶǣҾ̫ôʵ飬ڳɹ˿Ǹ˫SDʵô
컰ôô࣬⹫ѾˣȻ׼ˡ

Сѵ֮󣬶ʱ˵ˡ
Բסˣ룬ﲻǡ

۹ǽֹʵģЩҪʵҲ׼֮󡣼ȱˣҲһЩ񼫵̷оԱԸ߽С
ȫ޷ʱǿӲ¹ࡣ

Υġ
ʵĻǵͳ¹ʣ˲˵ѾΪҩ³ɹ󽫻ıһʱΪ౾ȫϢʵԼﶼԭʵֻԶҩǿͣĿ

ڼоǡ
ڽ֮ǰһȫȻ֪֮ȴҲû롣

λͬѧߣ˵Ҫȥٱڶ⡭

ǰһĻƲ̣úõֱӾһһֱӷˣҲܲסı񺣱٣ֱû

鲻ǵһηȻСǻܴܵĳ
ÿιҹҹ˯š

˱ۣҧҧ
һòף˺ܾòŴ΢ͷһм¼

˵½ͥߡ
½ͥæ꣬ʱһ䣬Ҳ΢Ъһ¡
мҪͬԻ˱Լȥһ˽ԼõĿ

̸£Իûס٩䣺аֽŹ죬׷ˣǰΪеĥء

½ͥһ٣ͬĵʮ

Իһ㶣ôˣ

Ҫ˵̵ͬԻǩÿ϶ࡣ½ͥţ˾䣬ǩ˸ͬպˡ

ɲð죬дͬĴ඼Ҫ漰˫档
ҺˣԷҲҷڡ

ҪѾڲԾΥԼأ

⻰Իһ㶡
ܣɲǻִ᷸ˡ
ʲô£ôΪ£˲Ǳô˵

½ͥ
ȿȣ
ôȥʷ

˵񣬳Ѿ֪Ѧ٣˭öһ֪
ԻֶС

Իüͷܸǩͬûдģ¶ð졣ˣΥԼĴʲôô

½ͥͻȻһ㶡

ͬȻⶨģҲǿġ
бȽϿ˵ĻҪΪȽҪΥԼĴ۱Ƚϴ
С£ΥԼҲ͡Ǯ

Ի־ͼͻȻͷࡣ
ʲô
ѵΥԼûдۣôܣǩͬƵô

Ȼ½ͥȻǲ͵ġ
ǰӶǵʮȻ룬Ըʱ˿עΥԼ

ʱյǮһ£Ͼ첻ԼÿһθĴաһ֪½ͥ
ϸһ룬֪ʲô˼

ѾģȻա

ϸһ룬ֻԼֻǸͨĻ½ͥ˵ʲôΥԼõó

ǣ
һ䣬ֻǼôǮ

ߣ
Цһŭֱա

죬½ͥһͷֲԡ̬ȣ֮ǰء
½˶ˣѶӽеһʡ

½̫ͥ˵Ȼǰˡ豾֪ͬ£Ժӵ
Ҫǣ½˱Ĳ˵ڸȴ϶Ǳǿģ˵֪ʱôˡ

Υ˺ͬҲΥԼ˰

½ˣ
½ǹЦֱӵ½Ԫ˧Цֱѽ㿴ӣһѺ֣¶͸ɵƵģЦˡ

½ͥ

һͼ費ҪЦˣûá
ҲһЦӰ
ȫǵ٩ô뵽ôѵ·ģ˼Ҽǲסͬһô

½ͥͷ۵˵ҵġ

˵ʵǰˡ
˵ʶʱǩ˺ͬദģʽ˰ʱǮǵã½ͥѾȫʱ굱Աˡ

˼ǡ½ЦòУ˵˼ֻһ˵û´ĻӵʱӦûǰһ˲˼Сʱ㶯ǰɣ
⻻˭˭ⷭ˼Ҳõ£žˣ
ѽЦˣΥԼôСʱҪҲϲ㣬Ǻͬʲô㡣һǮĲ˵ҪҲϲ㣬ǲҲҪһʣ

½ͥ

ô뵽ôѡġ⡯ġ
½˾ԼⱲӵӶˡ

½ͥ
ˡ

ʵ̫½ͥȥ׼鷿侲һ£ȴ¥ĳ䷿һӰҡҡλεģƺҲЦ
ڴڣֵòС

ʱ䣬ǸλãǱˣֻʱꡣ

ˡ
ȫˡҲЦɣ

Цɣܱǿ








 101 



½ͥ½Ԫ˧Сͱ˼СҪ, 䳤֮󣬸Ǹ治Ҫ˲ġ
½Ԫ˧żָ䣬½˾ֻܹܹ¡

ĺò, ˸Цһ¶ӡ

û뵽½Ԫ˧˵Ƕȱǿڸһϣȴʵڡ

Ѿ߳Զ½ͥڶ̫, ˡ
¥ʱЦ

֮, ָ
ҪǰǾġ

˶¥, ʱſţһ㶡
߾վſڣ, ƼϰԵķ˹
½̧ͥ־һ, ȴ뵽ϵΪЩ

ʱȴûô˼, ֱͷһס
ʣ
һ£Ը, һʼԼ뵽ĺ·, ˵˵ɣ˭ѵ㡣
ֹ½֪½ͥô뵽ôģʱҲܺ档

½ͥʵڲ˵ʱһ棬ǵ
ʱΥԼҪô, ΪǺ£ȥʷ񣬻ȿΥԼĺ

ʱ꣺
½ͥ

ݵĳĬ, ʱ귢һЦ
˵½ͥˣںֶͬԼ塭ԸҲûʶһɣ

ʱ˫һμǩͬʱԷһǾʱģ
½Ԫ˧¸뵽Լһɣ

½ͥ
Ǿ仰ЦЦɣңһֱûɶλ

ҺðҺãʱЦ˻˵Һøղʵʱû硣ȻӸӵˡЦˡ

½ͥεЦˣ֪ˣǮҰɣ

ʲô
ʱʱɴ۾Ǯ˻Ҫȥʲô¶ءΥԼ֤ݣ

½Ԫ˧һʱ֪ô졣
Ǯǲģ¶̫˶Ц

ʱģȴһβڶûУ򿪹Ƭ
ѵü½Ԫ˧¶ֱ飬ɲ

ʱһתͰֹˡ
һ䣬ǵ˯պòۡ޸ˣϾһܰ׻ǡ

½ͥ
½̧ͥͷ˸ԼʱҲ˽⣬Է磬ܲ³һ
¹ظ֮£ȴʼո㲻ס

ʱ⾿ôġ

һֱദҲǢôֿʼſڱտˡ

ԱߵĽ˿ȸͷȫķƵģ˫۾ʱƺʣ
ôߣſվأ

½ͥ
½Ԫ˧ֻ˳ԭƻȥ鷿

ǰʱⷽ滹ע⣬Ͼ鷿طԪ˧鷿һ֪϶ܺܶࡣ
ȴǲͬ½ͥԵʱֱˣҲٲС֪ɶ֪ġ

ҲûȥλεԴһѡ
Ի뾫Чá

½ͥҲûʲôҪģһЩҪĹ
ʱͷҲܿó½ͥƽصϰߡǺһֲһ¾ܷǰʱ䲻½ͥء

ıƣ½Ԫ˧ȫȻǴСĽԼ˵Ըƫ䣬Ҳ˾
ʱֶξûҪˣƶ˵ľ

СֶҲǲȺǵһҳʱ˺ХǵŵıǻǩԼһ㡣

Ҫ½ͥҲ벻

ʱʼ̫࣬ʱ귢ԼȽƫƷصˡ

½ͥͷӷһȦ˸ط

˵ô˿½ͥеȷͦÿġ
Ȼûлëͷͦʺϵ񳲵ġ

ʱֹ룬ֲò֪˹ϵ͹˽硣
ǰûⷽҲˣ͵ıôһѣǡ

Ըûôãͦߣ£Ҳ취ɱ˵޲
Щ̳ģδؿȥ
ǰ룬Ԥʵкܶࡣ

ϴڰʱĵҳһ˲ĻɣֻԼˡ

⣬ֻܹ½ͥ˶̫ˡ

ĺϰ塣
˭ܲء

С۾һһµĳ½ͥ˷ڿӣѣ
ʲôأϽɻϽϢ

½ͥջĿ⣬ֻЩɻ

ղһ˲䣬ƺƼֻС˿ȸģҴСҲѰĴ˲١
ϸʱȴָֻʱʱģ

ۻô
½ͥţֱ£ֻøϽ

˰죬ʱѧ

ܿΣͬѧһ
ˣ߰ɣһ˵ڿһ࣬ʱֳٶˡҲ֪λ⣬鳶ҩϵʲôͨĺڶ㲻ϰѹûս

ҪǵֵʱǲʵݣΣʱô

˵ϰǰڱı

˸ǰҺòңҲܣҺۣһҲμǸʲôƿ

˭ء

˵꼸뿴ǰʱ꣬ðɣ߻һںġ
ѧѧȻ˼Ľ

˰ǡ

ȫ಻ԣƫ˼û˶Ƶġ

ϰʱ꿴Сһ϶Ϊһ֮ǰڼܲʱѾʼˣ˵ڡ

½ͥˣȻֻع鵽¾ǵĶ֮УѵĬʲôġ
ʱƽѵĿγҲһЩ

ÿν۵òУʱͻġ

ʱ걾˾ȫûʲôˣŷؼңʱ½ͥϷһ

˵½֮ͥڻ֮ϵĲȻǸһϸȾ
ǰһֱΪԼѾúܺãʵֻվøʱŷ֣ԭܺûԶ

ʱҲѾѻݵ˿ƾеĻףѷᡣ

껹һ˸ҹ

ʱϰԵĴ½ͥ⣬һ
ദģʽ֮ǰֱһûС

½ͥʱ򶼻ɣԼƻԣ޲ʱ꣬ԼԼⱬ¶ΥԼЦǷķ
ˣѵ͸һεô

ʱ꾿ôһ·ģġ

ô˵ʱôһ̬ȣ½ͥԼҲ᲻ʲôεˡ
żһʲôŶ浥ãĿ⣬Ӳסˡ

ˣѧأȱҵ˵ɣ

˾ʱġ

ռҵˣ˵ǹʲô顣
ǶԽӵԱ˫ֶµ顣

ʱ꣺϶ֲġ

Ѧٵǻ˵
ҳϹϵǻиõġ

ʱȴǻûʲôϵʱѧ½ͥѦҲǰͰǵ¡
ӭӺͽӴҵ飬̸ҲûҪ档

ͦ󣬶Է·ɴʱĻܿ㱻ˣм߲ɷá

ҶĹעУҲ̫ߡϾƽʱڣֳòټЩƽزעηŵģ֪¶

۵Ҳࡣ

Ի꿣ǰ֮罻ˣɶҪעһ¡
ҲͬйأԼҵˣһֶ˵γһִٳɵġ

˵ôôһŮ
ԻֱȽϺദСӣȻΪԭЩԸǺõġ

ȫȫУûмͬйڵģ󲿷ֻ˵йһ֮ԵĹ䡣
˵ҲǺģֻڶԴʱŻȽϬ

һ⻰֪ռұȻѾͬգԺգˡ

ռλĵȻʲôŮҲ˶٣ԭͬ꣬ʮ
˵۹ǵķ羰δαٸˡ

Ǳߵ飬˼Ǳ߶ôСС㣬۹ѵܲ˼ô

˵ʲôՊ塣ʱ˵Ѧ˵һ졣

ѦٵԭǣռǸССҲˣՊ塣˵仹źۼĿһۡ
ŹŹֵֹġ

򿪹ԿһϷϢһʮˣՊǸģм¡
СﳤͦÿģһĽ԰ͷҲţߴ˸к

ͬѧҲڹע飬˾䣺λС㻹ͦÿİ

满Իȴ

ͬѧǣ
Ǻ⼰ô

װġʱ˵
Ȼûʲô滲滵ģΣ̫࣬һǲǺˣֱⷽ׼

ԻѾôǣ⼰աһͲҼˡװһ棬ʵɻˡ

аɣ
Ҳûɶϵ档

˵أǱ߶õԱһ̵ĲɷáԵ˵Ȼǹ£ֵλС㣬ſھǣ
ǳŹ½Ԫ˧ҴСرϲϣгһܺһ𡣡
ΪҲμһʵ飬ϴ򣬸Ծ񺣵İźǿá

һ£ŵ㻹֪½Ԫ˧Ѿѣһ˼ͬ⡣

֪ҲġՊҿˣǼǾ̫ˡ
һD򵼣ܰ½Ԫ˧滺ôѵҪ½Ԫ˧һֱ滺ɣ

˭֪񰲸滺һʹãЧõġ
ˣ
ͬѧ̲סˢˢԻ꿣˸ָԸ磬ţţ

ȻǸ滵òеģֱɷþ͸ֱҪʱ磬⻹Ҫô
˼ҹƲʲôһĸ߰Եá

˶ôҪô

ͷμСôŵġ

ֹɵˣϵҲⷭ۸˵ˡ
ܶտؿʼͦƯģɾԼղŵۡǸʲôƷֵɵƣٺÿҲܲסа

𾪵
˵ҶˣʱֻDҲǸϸĺڷۡ

ڷ۶ˣ˿ûǵõģ·˾͸ˡ

Ͼʱģɾͣôôһô͵򵼰
˵յ֪ʱľֻDʵô

Ȼ֪֪¶һֱûɶʵСڷۺ˶ô

һģ뵱СһĶˡ
Ʋʱ磬ʲôɾͣ˵˵

˼ҵȻУ˼ҵʵƷء

һʵģһʵƷ
PSȻҲûгЦЩԸһߵˣҷǳлǵ˽ֻǵƲˣ뵱С

ռҴӳãŮ޲ȥǵ۹ɣҪҪˡ

Պ˵껹ʮֵ⣬ѹûע⵽ɫĿı仯
ֱŻص۹߰ŵס򿪹ߵſϵۡ

ʱˣôܣǸʱ겻о˼ƿҩԣڷۻô࡭

ڷأ
Ϊʲôȷ䲻½ͥ
Щڷ۶Ǽٵô








 102 



Պ嵱Ȼ֪ǷһЩ˲, ô½֪ͥ־ڱصá

Ψһû㵽ǣЩ˵̬Ͽ, ûһ֧ġ

ͬʱĸ׻Աȴһûʲô¶, ͬߵ˽
ֱϻ֪鷢չ, ɱŮòᣬҴӦ, ôܡڰûһƲ²

ôՊһ, ǰҲ˸ɹ, ΪˣͲһⶼûУ, ҲܻЩ˻뷨ڲͬС, ʱĲǡ
οʱ걾ô, Ķ̰壬˵ĺڷ۱ôࡣ

ոòᣬՊ˵ĵȻʵġҪ˽˵⻰˵ʱëˡ

ֲǵ۹ˣ½ͥЩԽ, أɶɶУҲһ, ˼ƾʲôϿ㡣

ǰգ϶ʱ½ͥ飬ڷۻ۷׷ףء
ȫûˣĹՊˡ

ʱ꿴һĻ̲סֹһ䣺
лŮǹ֮

ԻһŮûô򵥷ġ

ոʱڿȰﲻ½ͥҲЩṫӣδػῴķ϶׷㣬ֻƵøԶ
֮ǰ˵ˣȼˣװЩҪʱԸһʱ꣬

õĻЩѵûùôՊȻû˳ɹ֤ûãҾҪҵķʽ
ңҲ˵Ҫǵô

ո

ϣȫԻϣܿıһЩ
磺
ȻСǲԣЩȴ˵ûʱľǵЩ

Ӳ˰غڱ񺣵˵øЩ½Ԫ˧һЩҸߵ򵼺á

òʱǺǿԱͺãһ뻹ҪԼõİɣ

˵˼ՊҲͦģΪ½Ԫ˧μʵ飬һĻóȥ

ܳһзȵԻ̲ס˳ڣЩԲаɣѵǹƳСλ

ɣϾ½Ԫ˧ǣˣԷ϶һͬѧ˵

ʱЩ˵ĹԺһһ㿪Ȼ˵
Ǳߵˡ
Щʺʱǰм˿϶ˣʶǿãͲỹһ鿴

ЩǱߵˣҲС
˵һ

Сô˱㣬䲻ôġ
ǸՊԲзۡ

ʲôСǽûû֮ǰ˭лᡣ

ƣЩһֱ˵½ͥõģһͲ
һΪɣұ磿ЩϵҲǣȻб˽ġ
ЩˣȨ˵ʲôСúС÷û˵ʲôЩ˾ѾΪõˣ

սǼǿǿǡʱϣþһѵϴڵô

ͬѧǣ
ʱ簡ôΪ˵ء

ԻҲһ˼ĿģܾΣ׼תģ
㡭

Ҫ˵ǲʲô֣ʱֹһ䣺
֪ΪʲôՊ뵽Ӻ

Ի꿶ʱʲôǸҪҲϲұ磿

ʱãȻ̧ͷӺҲϲ½ͥ

Ի꿣
˵ô

˵޴̶ȡʱһ̾ϢϴʱȰĿռʯʱӺôһ߰ģ˵ģΪڷ
ʱ궼͸ӺĻ͸λС㡣

ѱ˶ɵʱΪɵҲԶˡ

ŶԻһε룬Ϊհ׵Ļϲء

ڳͬѧû֪⾹ȻǸʵһᣬ˵˵͹ĻڹעՊ塣

ʱЦһϴλؼײ½ͬ죬ƺᵽλռҵСһֱϲ½ͥ
˵ľՊɣ

ѧ֮ʱص½ң½Ҳڹע顣
֣͵ͥɸǸյŮһϵûС

ʱЦˣȻйϵõôĵһô

˵䣬½Ƽʱ˼˵ˡ
ȻһIDһ£ID˵ǣ
ȥˣЩ˵ʲôĸԤҶ󣬶ϵġ˼ҵأһ˼Ҷָֻš˼ҷӻǸγԶ˰ɣ
ܿ˻
ô˵ģ½Ԫ˧һˣܶ֪ζʲôô
ȻҲ̫ϲյģԪ˧ѡõģǵ۹ߵҲٰ
ƺҲˣ
һǮͷӺùȥȥ
˲ǻˣ㰴˼ұԸҿɱЦˡ֪ʶ½Ԫ˧ڵľԺ󻹿ܻߣڳüS򵼣ȻҸʱⷽҲûɶ𡣾ͺӵһҪҽ̣˸ڶ˵ڶˮƽ̫ͣҪ뵹ɣô

½Ϊʱͬ˵Ļſͼʱ룬˺ңҵˡ
ǣڷۡ

ʱ꣺
½ˣ

ĹȻӣϷŻǶ䡣
Ϳܰ˵
ʱԡһӶвɣһڷ۶ûⷽڣϾ̫ǣǵˡ

½˳˳ǣ⻹Ǻڷۡ
ϡĳʱ꣬һҲûӰ졣

̡ʱ֪ʲôɵǲˣ½ͥǩĺͬʲôͬ

½ˣ
ŶСʱȻûɶ򣬵Ȼл⾫á
ⷽ湥
ٿЩģ½ֻڿһ

ҺԥĲңȻ벻ɶ
˶٣˵ڣģСʱվ㡣

ʱ꣺

˵ʵ½ͥδ״̬
ʱ½ͥûأҲûʲôʾһʲôġʱ룬ûӦء

½ǰһ֪ģھɼһʼ翴ˣڹװ

ٿϣһţ˭֪ǻûһء

˼ҹﶼһܾˣȻСıĵŹǵǺã⻹ûһأѾȹˡ

յıҶӡ½˶־߰ͷҾ;½ͥŮԶ
˵ʱ޷ӦɵСʱͲô

ʲôʱֲֵڳպңһõһȫ鲻½ͥԼȥô
һȻ½ˣҲܣôˣᴦݺݺô
о仰˵úã˭ǵ˭ƾʲôȥ˺Ҹ˵½Ԫ˧ҪʲôҲܣԼҪǴø𻨻˼۾ͻġ

ȥæȡ½Ԫ˧
ɶ
һδϱϱҸõģ

ʱ꣺
½ˣ

½˵һ񣬵ȡĻˮأȡô

ˡ½Ԫ˧
ȥ½Ϳ

½˵ֺܺÿϸָۣ»ԽƯ
ֻάЩ̫ףÿ춼Ϳˮ½Ԫ˧ģ

ʱ꿴ţٹЩ꣬û¶ɵ½Ԫ˧˵Ϊ½ˣѧửָ׻

̫ܾܰЩ࣬¥ˡ

֮½Ԫ˧ʣղ˵ʲôأ

½ЦЦʱ˵˵һ飬Ҳû˭ǵ˭ܾƾʲôһ쵣飬Сʱ͸

ԡ½Ԫ˧

½üһţԣ

½Ԫ˧˿ţһ߸Ϳˮһ˵ǵĵȻҽǵҲȥаȻҪһŮ˺۸ô죬ЩڱɲҪˣܾ˻Ƥǰʱϲǻ˵ʲôβôԱҳʰ

½ˣ⻹ࡣ

ˮͿˣ½½Ԫ˧ϽȥȡСæЩɡ
һ˵¶СʱһӦǲҪɼѾĬ˸ͥˡ

Ӱ½̾ϢŽӹʵǲ˼Ҷϲò¡

½Ԫ˧̲סЦˣǰҲġ
ⶼʶˣֻȱһʽϿɶԡС¶ҳͲˣӵЦҲ

ϣ˵뷨һµġ

ͷҪԼԼͥע

á½Ԫ˧۶㻹֪ôŮҪܽӽôЩ굥һ鶼ûУʱŶܱΥԼ¶ô

ʱ򣬱̸۵½ͥŸո°ࡣ

иᣬߵĴᣬѾʱˡʱԱЦǺǵ߽
½Ԫ˧޸ǳ

˵Պ£½ֱͥߡ

Ȼȴ¥Պ屾ˡ

ՊƼ˹½Ԫ˧㡭

½ͥȳ첲ģܱסŪ°ںͷ̬߹ʱ½ͥѾ˷Աߡ
Ѧٸ󣬴½ͥȽȥԼһС׷Պ壬Ҳȥˡ

˴ͷβһ仰û˵ӵĳס

Պ壺
Պ岻ĵֻԸ㡭ҵﲻãôһ仰ҲԸ˵
Ϊ㸶ô࡭

һԽȻЦһǰ˻ǰǳɶѵļЩЩսҲһݣ

Պ壺
Պ岻ĵֻսõģϹ򡭡

ԽȻҲͷ˷

ԭǱߵĸ߲ҵĺӣڵ۹ֶܵԴڹཻ̫֮á
ՊⷭΪ̬ȣҲʲôë


Ϊ˺õ˼Ҳ֪ʱԼһЩ죬ǲиеͼ°ܡ

ԽȻˡ
ǵǸǰɩӺĸףôһģΪ磬ԸҾѣҪˡ
ء

ՊôͶŤ
½ͥҧгݣһ㰮ҵġ







 103 



ՊɵЩһҲû, Ժ֪ܿĶ֪ˡ

Ա̾ϢҡҡͷΪǲ壬Ǹġ
Ҳ֪𵽶á
ûϵ, Ҫʲôܸ½ͥʱҵʹ춼Ǻõġ

ԽȻڷϣһĻ, Цøˡ

½ͥεȽ, ֪ӺԽѪ֮ԸôԸôһҴ˽ӽ
˵ѹϲյŮ, ϲͣⲽ壬Ҳûˡ

⣿ʱȣ

Ц, ԽȻƼ, Ǹող뵽İӺ
С壬֪Պô

ԽȻЦøˣ, ߻һ벻ʵʵ¶ء

˵ֳ, ˹֮һ, ʱ·û¶˵һ
½ͥҪߴء

ڶѧʱУſڣƺ׼̸̸
һ, ·Ļôһֻ״̬ãһһ߻ŵŹӡ

һྻһѡ

ͷӶûô, Ҳ֪ͷôġ
Ул𣬡ѧУྐྵӡ

ûУ氡Уʱͣ¿˹ȥƣ˷Ӧ߸ĹƤǱɨˡ

У
Ͳõĵ

鲻ãޣñ鲻þǺõˡ

УϾҪʼˣ֮˼ûѵѵ˵Ҳеģʱڴ϶ˡ

ʱ߱߻ֵİУҿ϶ҩϵбõġ

У
TM˵򵼿ûаһշɵ

УȾ壬쿪ʼ
ʱЩռ˵ȻûߣՊ廹ͼ½ͥװæ

Ȼ½ͥһ仰йĹ£ûû˽

ཻ⽻飬ԱһҲͰˣ½ҿǴֱŵ顣
˫֮νһ¶ûС

Պȥ˰ӵĶ
ɶ񣡡
Ҳ˵ҵôǾôģ

ո̾ϢǸֻǺһġ
ĿĻ

һսŮЩûʲôɫĽ죬ʵۿ٣۹Ȩֻкô
ҵĿģǸλȨ鷳лᣬֱӳƻˡ

Ҳǲܽܡ
ֻŮƽܲˡ

һϣôϵУȡ
ո룬鿴ٻȥһЩʱ俴ûɶᣬҲ˽һµ۹һ˵ʵ

۹ߣҲչʾһ±һûоܾ

ͶͬƱģռҶһʱ䡣οУȣ½ͥ϶ȥʱ᲻ˡ

õϢѦЦһжСžŰ

ʱ꣬˿֪˿վ棬УڿԱء

ԱվŵĳѧУΥУѧʱ򣬱˲ô룬öͦ棬ǴǷ

ʱʵҲ⶯Ա̨̫ˡճǷһܴȾƵģҲŴһ

վһԵƣ

ͬʱ򵼣ƾ͹ɶˣܲСոиοˡ

ʱ꣺Ŷ
Ҫû£ôѹѹģĿ϶ǡ

¾̲ס⻰Լţ

һȺվ˼Ҷվ˶ڲۣͬ
Ϊɼԭһվ൱ڵһšʦƤӵ¡

¾άƣһ߲ãȱǿֱһڿɱ˶ȥ

ģᡣ
м⼸ľˮƽ˼Цǣ

ȵԱҾͼŴͷɴ̫ա
ûô󣬱ȽϺʵĵطεĴȵԱߵһϵ档

УͬʱͬʱĻһЩˡ

ֱͨԿóѧԼٳӦ
ܶϲˡ

½ͥȻҲС

ԱȻ⣬ռȻҲøϡ

ȻЩ˾ͲһˣֱĿĵأҲ־һ
Ͼĵطһġ

˴ҪҲ½ңңԽȻôһС
һͬ½ԵǿңһûֻѵӣȻȥ塣

۹ڲĸ·ͬ޹Ƶģһ˭ʵ۶УǱң˭Ҵ˭ģ

ʵʼ½ԽҶǲģ˴̲
ҲˣԽ֪ƹʼңȴû˼ţҵĿͶ½ϡ

ģ档

ԽԽǿȨ߻ʵҲ岻֣ûʵۻ񡭡Ǹ

Լеԭڳ˴඼֪Ҳûʲôÿ׵ģҵλñˡ

½֮ͥǱԱЦŵ½Ԫ˧㿴£ܲС㡭

ҲûλáѦٷӸٵá
һΪ½ͥپΪ˵½Ԫ˧ԹĿ
˵䣬ѦѾ½ͥԱߡ

ϰԵľλãһ£ǵȷûλˡ

Ա
Պʱ̲סһ٣˼ҵĸٿǶվŵġ

Ѧ̾˿Ҳվŵģû취ʱ˵ˣ￴ӢˣͷҪģҪվſΪӽĲԣҪġ

Պ壺Ҳ̫߲ˣ½Ԫ˧㡭
ոһ£סڡ

Պ壺֡

ոĵסڣӲġ
ߣՊ屻ˣ£ֹţҲ̫ˣˣô½ͥ

Ա̲סһۣ˵ģ˵˽߲

ո޹⣬ּ˰ӣŮ£С
㻹˵ʲô½˳ϱֲһˣ˵ȥѵҪ½ͥǣǲǶĸô
ҷŴɲ㡣

ԽȻһߣ⻰Цøˡ

½ͥԱ߲ԶŵǿҵˣΪԪ˧ʹˣǿҴӡ
ûʼ½ͥ
½Ԫ˧ǸռҿܹǾҲû٣ǻô

½ͥȷܡ

ѾֹһռˣϾԽһСֶ飬۹оӵң½ҺԽҶпռʯ½Ƕ˿ռһʲôûС
½Ԫ˧ܲ£ҡģ۸Ͽ϶ģҰռʯ۸

˿̣ĻϣѧУѧ˿Ѿϡλˡ
ֱʱҪʼˡ

ĿͷְĹţһĻĻ棬ѹֳСӣ뿴ĸԵ㿪Ŵ

½ͥѧģȻôΧĿ
ҵʱλá

ǱՊͼ򵥶ˣţֱӾʱִʱһӵλá

ڸտʼԶûнףʱվ߽ǴϢģ·͸һ㡣

ߣՊԼҲ֪Լ׸绹Ϊ᲻Ҫ˶ء

ԣϵʱ˿ɾ͡ˡ

˧˧˧ʱǺÿ

ʱɣʱֵӵеô

ûϵӰ죬á

ʱѵҲвƳģվÿɰǸ˭ҲǸ򵼣ϵô
һʱ磬ȥĶȥĵӣú

԰˼ҵĻϵĶֻҩϵĲû¶ɣʱôǿôûϵĲ

ϵô£ƿİ

¥ʲô磬Ÿտʼ׶ûأȥʲôŹ߸Դô
ǸѧУϵһʵġ

ǣһɼУϵһ綼˰ɣ

ò˵ʱһΪʱڣһʼͻ˼ĹעڶԱҲ˳˭

ͬһעģһУУģϾͱȽͬѧ
ɺġ

ʱʲôĶܿˣҶڲЩ˵Ķ˭᲻Ϻȡ

˷֣
ӺˣǸӺҲһİ

˭ĶӮɣ

֮ûʼϾѾһƬȷѪˡ

УУźþԮʦ֮Ҳһ˻
ȻҲȫע棬ȻҲصעĶ

ʱһӣΪ¾˵ĴڣɣҲΪЩеصע
УһʱǸۣǲǻྼѹӰ

⵹ڡ

Ϊٶй涨ģûйӡ
һװ˶ٶ
˱ϵȻҲУֻƶһӣȻһЩ޻õĹߡ

ĻϵͬѧҲУֻûһô
ʱţģ֪ĻΪǸӡ

ᰡʱ˰ɣ

鶼ڱæģʱӹȻڲͬҿЩڱķӦȻϰΪ

Ѧٶ̲ס˵һ䣺ʱҲˡ

½ͥ˵õĵء

Ѧ첻˵ˡ
ʱΪʲôôǷء


У֪ģѧУȻҲд̽ѧУ֪ʱ¡
ȴû뵽
ѧУУ̲סУ˵ֱδ

ûô򵼡

һ̿ʼ
ǻ֪Լʶûĳ档










 104 



Уȵĳغܴ, ˰ѧǶֿͶţʱ˵һС

̫ʺסǸСòСɽ, ʺϴѵһʼͱѵ

̬ܲƽ⣬һ൱ײеĶû, ʲôԡ

ǵĻ, ²ü꣬ϵﶼñǳԸһɶ

˵ϴų, ֻûôǿŲܿпʯľ֮ࡣ

֮ÿѵ֮, ͬʱҲЩ, ǰռ

ʱһһأѾ۲ΧָӵӸûʲôģ, Ҳ֪ûǻ

Պһֱעǣʱ̲ס˵ʲôϻ, û滹Ǻ¶

ո˳, û뵽ŮĲѧز
Ҳзֵģɱ֮ӻֵġһѧԱͷβһֻ涼ϣǵôٻ֡

Պ壺ǲá

ԱߵⳬٿһۣӲסû˵
߲ˣ˵ռŮ, ܻӭ⡭½ͥϲɶģ

ʱֳѾвСпҺð˵Ͻһֱ䵽˶, ˵Ǹͳѣϰֻ档

Ҫƽʱһȫϰֻڻ¡սʱͲͬˣ׻׻ûУҲֻһ˷һģôȥͲ˵ġ

ҪȺ˷Ӧ찴ȰŤԮʦÿ죬ƾͳ˶ʳˡ

ָӵ˹۲αȥ·̣ʱŸӣƴ粽ĸ

ֱһ˿ʼǰߣҲû

ϵ˶ˣ
ڲͬķ羰

Ȼʲô飬ֻҪʱϣпܵġ

еĶУĸչ򵼡ٻֳһչˣеĶһڱһ
ϾڻֻǳʼûʲôΣգֳ㡣

Ψʱһӣֱڲͬ

˿ţ̲סȥҰӺһϻλΧڱ

Ҫƽһ£ģɣ

һһһҪ

ΪԭʼأԭʲôʲôѧУѵʱΪϰȻߡ
ܶûⷽרѵܲӦҲӦиʱꡣ

ʵڲߵĵΣһһˣһ·ǰ
ûͷһǵָӶˡ

ϣ

֪ΪʲôҾָĿı顣

˵ʱòͦõģôáǸôոҿ˵ʱ򣬶ϸ첲ˡ

ʣʲôʱġ

ⲻһ̻𣬲ֹ˴󲿷ֵȥߵ½ͥУûס࿴ۡ

˲ǿ½ͥǿУ

УУУȽϽɴѧУỹҩϵѵɣ

УɨһۣѧУôѵģ˵û

Уǻ̽ģ˭Ҳһ

УУ˵ˡ
УҲû˵ΪԸҲ֪ʱ껹һ֡ϾǰѧУѵʱҲûӵزûֵˡ

ߺͰһ˦ɿǲһģǰҪҪǿЩ

СӡУֲֹòѧУȦ

һ飬ٿ飬еӦ
һУУӺģüҲ̫ˣǲģ́߰

ȻֻǸ֣ҲѾܿˡ
½ͥˣѾ˼ҪصעĶ

ѦһߣΪȻڼ¼
ɼ˵ʲôҪûͷʱ꣬ӽǶһϹ˵˵ġ

װװûՊʲôء


ͷǵøдƪ佱ʡ½ͥͻȻ

Ѧһ㶣ɶ

ȻԪ˧ٸϸ͡
Ѧ΢һ룬ָ֪˭⡭ɶԡ

½ͥӣͷ֪ˡأ
һȫ˵ģ

Ѧٶʱڵź򣬸Ͻддǧһֲ٣֤ͷ䵽ź
Ҳǣʲôɲ÷ⲻʱҲһ飬յǰչʾһ£Ԫ˧жʱô

˵䣬˶ҲûͣһѱȽϲһ¼
Ҳ˵С˻ΪǷʲô

ոְʱ򣬿˭Ҳܿһġ
ֻߵՊ壬һֻʱ꣬ʱֹô򵼣ȻڱԵǴġ

ȽϽԽȻ
ȻǴǼֶҲһ˼ڱԵǴ˵¶ҲӸ濴˭ҪǿһЩ

˵ŵ㶼ֱӣ治֪׼ô̵ġ

ϣѧУѧʮģΪԸԭЩùĻǰ̭
ϽùǿѵˣһЩٴĵطͶţҲЩͦ

ȻһЩԼ
֮һãһ̫嶯

ʱ˵Ȼ
·ϣҪĵһ鵱ȻҶ÷֣ȥͬΪѧľΣҲ

ʱǶܿҵһˮԴء
ղԭ⸽Ӧҵ㡣

ǺáՊ岻ֹ

Ϊڣ׿⴦ˮԴԶþһ㡣

ԽȻֱվӴӰԶЩʵж׳̫

ʲôÿ첹ƷģȻѧתˣһĹġ
˼ҵֻǶԵ˽⣬Լˡ

⶯̫󣬲һľУУ̲סԽϽǡ

Ϊû취ԽȻЩԼûӻѧУֹȥҪ̲סģʱٿһޣ۸ôġ

УУ˼Ҳǲչһ£չһ¡
˵ֿУУѧôҵһ㡣

УУѧҲһѾ벹㲻Զˡ

ӵՊ壺
ո

ո̾Ϣ˵䡣ȻֻԵԼ֪

ǱʱѾõ˵һһ൱Ŀ֡
ֲָӵΧһȦţϧεĲûлףȻĻ·ͺˡ

ȻûлִߣεĲ֮евٵ

ţͷ˻á

ҲԷ˼ѣʱҲһݡ
ǻûװõģֱıŷ֣ǰѹûװٶ

ֻƿˮ

һԵĲװָˣһãҵĲһֱûԵģǴô

ʱ꣺ԭװ˵ģ֮ǰѧУ飬ȫóȥˡ

ƣǰɣ㶼װɶôߣʦû˵ʲô

צãݴõӣˮ䡭ȫóȥˣ͸ƿˮ

ʱһ˵꣬ƾһ

ָţϱһӲ磡

Ѧٳǵû˴׼ŵģ

½ͥ¶֪Ѧǰȥȡÿġ
ΪԳԺȺֲɶ¶һæ˵æҲһ½ͥ

УǽһӵۣСӹȻһ̲ž͸£ⶪ˶ˡ

ϸһƬĹ

ʱڱô˵Ҷ˵ˡ

ˮûȫˮϣҶ뵽ĶûΥʦʲôˡ

ʲôЦģ˭ӪҺ顣

ôˣ¥˵飬ȥμȥ鷳ܴˣҪ˵鲻ɣ

Ҫ˵飬ҲĳźһĽɣ

˵ӺЦˣˤһӣϥǱƵƤզզģҪμӱ

ɶ¶ȥ

ЩʱȳѧȻ˿֪
ڱ涫̫٣ʱɵľͰǰѻûװõԶǹװ˽ȥ

궫Ǳ㿪ʼѰһ㡣
Ȼ˸£ȻһЩǴȺӵĶ÷֡
Ҫ˾֣ҲǷ֡

һ̿ʼö鶼˷һЩ򵼣жʱֳһ˱һЩɴ̽·ҪĵطñȽԶһЩ˱ǰȥ÷֡

ʱһӣʱֳ˾Եڲͬ

˸ڱָӺ͸ָӵָ¸øû˴ʱ򵼡
Ȼƫƫһ飬򵼻ûΣա

Պ棬۾ˡ
á

áԼŮոֻýͣһΪͼϸָָ֪ʱѽ˵һܸϣҲ˶ԶǡûܱܿһЩΣգÿҵλöʺսе˴š

һְܿ׵ģڳȻҲˡ

츳һλУ̲סҪǱ򵼵ݸסˣҪǸڱԵĺӡ
ʲôĶѵֶΣյĸ֪Լͼȴÿڱеġ

УҲ𣬵һὸ£ʱ̨ŷ֮ʱиָϵʦ˵⺢ʺָϵ
ϧˡ

ս֮̿ʱȻҲڲͬѧ

ɣϲսĵȰ˼ҵ򵼸͵ˡ
Ҫ֪λҲǵ÷ֵĿ֮һ˵ϵ򵼿ںںõġ

˵һ鶼ٻһ˱򵼣˳ԷԱѹҲ̫

һҲ٣ϲ·ġ

ƫƫӵľԽԽ

һУУЦǺǵУѧҲ̫˰ȥû˱򵼣ɱȱ˼ҵĸױ͵

˵ţɵѾˡ

̽鱨˵ǰ򵼣ûڱ
һ⿴ˣǲΧǵġ

ſھǣǻʲôⲻĲô

˭ʶôһƤһֱܾﲻԡ

Ҫ˻治һʶĶѵʱǶӣǸơ

һ˵ҪǵĻˣ˵ǶӾϴУ̳滹˵أ̭˻Ϊ˼类˦ˣȻĲŸ

ⲻôҲ̫ˡ

Ȼûע⵽Ѿǹʱ׼ʱʱͣ˵һ

ɸǶ˵ֱӣͷ


ˣ۲˰

ɣ
ܵ죬ܣʲôˡ
ͷ˵˼ˡ









 105 



뷨ܼ, ˭ʱ갡ǿһ֮ŪʮѾҵ, ׼ȫɳɱֵġ
ЩˣǸȥͲô

Ȼ˲֪һⷴӦ, ǣˣ

Ҳըˣ
ǹİ, ĿŵװɣƾʲôͲˡ

, ֲôľأԭĬϲᶯ

ʲô˵õģɶ

Պʵŭ, һĻ˰, ˭֪
۹ѧôˣǲҪϹھ

⻰ɨɾʹˣƫƫһʱû֪ô
˿һУУ, ǿѧ

һУУЦݻһ룬Ϊʱءһñȱ˻, žžֱ졣

УҲûõĶȥ, û뵽ôһչ

ֱ½ͥרĿ

Պ嵱Ҫ˵ʲô˼Ŀŵ̻ô
ͱոֹˡ


˻ûʱ˿һԾϣ˸λɺá
˳ƣҪô

ҡҡͷվ, һһµģ
иȤһ⡭

Ļ췽ݺ, ̫Ҳѧһꡭ˵ʱ겻ҩϵôΪ˸һϵл⣬ôóȥô

ν罻ţ֢ôɶģ

ǰ罻罻ֳ˼Ҷء

˹ȥˣ϶ĿʲôɶЩڱһǲ˹ݲ

ʱʱһ䣬治ô

ҡҡͷˣҲϲ

аɣ
ʱô˵ʱܾĶԣղʱȥʱƺ
ڻϺ罻ʱ˵滰Ϳֲ壬ҡҡͷΪԼˡ

Ƕˣֻûϻһ

ȥ㱨ʱֱ˵ǰи䵥򵼣ء

ðՊֵñ˼ҳϵ˻
ûʱ꣬ôһ˼ܡװƣǣ

ҶïܣСͻֱҲ˽ȥ

һģͷʱװǸԶǹ
װò죬е֪װȴû

½ͥһۣЦˡ

Ѧ˱ۣ˵λ׼ô

Ȼ˶֪ϣ˵ţ
ڸʲôϰװô

Ϊֻǰæһµģ⻹ô

ͿȺ˳ʱʱıˡ

ʱ˵䣬˫ٺƽֿǾ˼ˡ

˵ţȺѾˣȻŸտƣǹû̧ǰһ˾Ѿûˡ
ͷŵĵطԱԶ̹ǹеģ

ͬӵ˸Ͻ壬ǿǹƺҲû׼ʤ׷ô˫ȥ

ģһô˻ûϳֹţŸﵱԼŵ

ܸɳôˣ϶ġһ˵Ƕӵ򵼳ô

Ƿ²һƭ˵ġ

棬˵ˣ

ô죿ŵǶ˵ǳ

ָӵıͲöԸĶûҵûʤ㡣

׼ƫͷƶžˡ
һ̲סûס׼˲ߡһ£ôһ¡

Ȼǹû̧ʱһǹѾ˳

ҪǰǸˣǰһҲֻǼٶ˳һ㿪һǹ־Ҫơ

߶Ҳ

һǹҲȷǴȥˣԽȻüһȻܿóһǹ϶УʱʦûˣԺ·ܲߡ
ȴʱ궪ƿˮȥײһǹ

ԼƮƮһǹ

ƯУ̲ס

ԽȻ̲סվһ¼ֱ̫ˡ

˲ըˣѾû˹ܼһĻøһˣ׷ʱһӵֱ䣬ӽǵ
˵߳ˣô¶

ʱ磬мֱ

ҾеĽô죬ֲһֱʱأⰲȫУվﲻöǸܸܵġ

˧˼ֱ

ǰ˵ʱضû˵أ˵ˢ˲أ
Ѿˣһ֪ʱʵǰھӲӲӲųġ

һУУɫҲ˲٣ЦǺǵĵЩСǻͦ

ǿУѧУǰ򵼵ڱѵô

У
ǣûС

ʱ˰ǳʱɵʶ
һ£
ȷˣ̫·Ըɴһ͸Ͻܡ

ٿʱʱ˺һȻԭġ

ģҵȥϸء

Պˡ
ⳬǿһ½ͥһ޷ӦģĻ֪֪˵ġ

ֲøղô侲ֱ˼ء

ƣʱŷӦգոˣ

ʱ֪ԵϷӦĵģ˿ӰֱӼУƣȱ˽ܷӦոиӰȥˡ
ֱӰǹһҲװȥСһ

ƣŶ

ѧģװжǹ֦ȻҲڻ¡¾ͽǹãװʱİ档
ƿˮˣҡ

û¡ʱյã㲻ùܡ

ʦֱһ٣ʲôˮãʲôˮƿܵסǹƵġ

̭ıѡֻ뿴˵ǶĶм̭ѡֵʦѾˣֻܲĵĸ˷

ʱ˵һ²Ǽٵģֻȴû׼˯ţǱĿ
ѿռ似ʱĿƼֳҪԼһ

ѾһʱˣոոĵȻⷽ˸ӴţȴĴĳС
Ҫһ¡

һ˴£Ҳûʲôµġ룬ԼˮʱһƿһӪҺȥ

˻Ҳˡ
ϵþ˵ΪǺõģ˶ƽˣջ˲ٻ֡

ǻˣû¡ףˮǹİɣû¶ɴˮʲô

¾һϽȻʣˣ

Ƶ˵ͷˣ̭

ôһ¾Ͳµˡֹţһʲôܣ

¾Ȼ˵Ǽʶĳһʮ׳٣ֻ˵Ʋֻˮƿˡ

Ȼ֪ʱ겻һ
λһʲô¶֡

¾ѾһҸղһ»֣Ī˶ʮ֣ԡ

ʮ־ͷǲѧġڶһֻ֣ô㶼ʮ

ˣ

ĶӸ͵Ϯû뵽ײ˰ɣ

ҲҪЦˡ
Ƕ˵Ӱǵڶ֪ԼôûģΪˡ

ʱҸղŶɵˡ

ʱһֱˣʱ֮ڣעһȻӵĶࡣ


ôһʱֲҲɵ뵽ǰð亣ХʱЩ˵ôԵġ

ǲǸûˣ˵ǱεĻȱٱεġ

ԱⳬٵȻҲ뵽

ֲá
ֲǵһʧܵôʹ죬Ϊǰҩڶ˷ȴûãɲô͹˼ҵʵ

Ȼ׷ʲôҲʱһʮ
Էпռ˵׼ʱڳĻоУѧ˵׼ô̡

ⳬ̲סʱһʾĵصÿ湻ġ

ҪĴͷҪǡ˹ˣûһڱҲóְɣ

ٿ¾ǷӦǱͬӵĶѸ֪ʱ
⻹˵ôʱ¾ǻֳģǿʲô

һ£Ƕʱӷ
ֲңأҲ֪һ̲ס

ָӵˣ

ˣ˷ˣȳԵٽӲҪ򡣡

ÿ˽ʱܴƿˮһӪҺʱΪ̫ɧֻƿˮ򿪱׼źȿڣ˹ӪҺ
һȻСûˡ

һ̧˻ȥԸԣҲ
Ȼ˿ˮΪ

ôƿϰֹ˾䡣

ˣ
ָӿȥˣʦΪãˮʵõģǿȣʳٻ̣ˮǲȱġϲУҲͺúȣʱ򡭡

ʱ꣺
ҸǲһҲҲȱˮ
Ҫúȵдô

ƴӪҺʣ㲻ôܺģҶţҪȳԡ

ʱҡҡͷֻ⡣
ӪҺʲôԭǺȹġʱ꣬Ѿ˱ˡ
ģⱲӾһӪҺ

ƣ

ϣ̲ס졭Ҿ˵ԺǮˣ϶ٲһӪҺ
Ƕ˱ˣ㣬ڸϼֱԽܡ

Ҳ̫˰ɣǱ

¥˼ҲûҳԵģôʲô

ҵǾû½Ԫ˧úãʱǰҶ֪ã϶ûٺȱ˵ӪҺھܾӪҺҲҲˣٺȲȥˡ

ЦˣͻȻ׼һ½Ԫ˧ƭʱɶº󱬳˻棬½Ԫ˧̫ˣҶĽ

׽£ǰæءʱ½Ԫ˧Ҳһ˰ɣ˼Žˣ׼ʲô

ʱ䲻½Ԫ˧֪ʱ䲻ϡ

ĳЩԲôĶаˣ

ģ˽˻ܲԺ˵

Պǿ۾ˣƾʲôѵֻ֪Լܰﵽ½ͥô
μʵΪʲôΪʸվô

Ϊô

̲ס½ͥȴԷѹͲ
ŭԶûУ˸











 106 



Պò, Ҳûˡľӡ
ûЩʲôģݰĽֵز, ôҲмֵԺ༸ϧ

½ͥΪʲôӶء

Ŀֱ׶Σ½ͥߵѦٶܲˡ
ûͷ, ȴҲܲՊ״̬, Ϊֲǵһˡ

Ԫ˧ˡ

Щ갮Ľ׷Ҳκ˼ҲϲǲϲһЩصñȽϺõ, Ԫ˧ҲֱܿȻߡ
ע˻ᣬѦٲһֱû, ʱġ

ͷϸ, ƺЩ꣬ҲʱôһԪ˧ﱻ߳ģ

һŵϵģҲֻ½˰ɣ

Ȼ, ½ҵݳŵģһˡ

ѦһԲһ߲¼, һȽϳɫѧԱǲٵġһУУǲ, ѧУҲвֵġ

ʱһ棬¾ˣԼλָӻλԱǺܲĺӡ

ȻҲк̫áֻҪõ, 㱻̭Ҳܷǵ

һ¼һ߻ʱһ顣
С½ͥԪ˧ʱ治԰

⻰, ĳҲʣʱ꣬һܣҲһ٣ҾͲ¸㵹ùĻûԵġ

ʱ˰֣ʾҪ

а¾ñأԼ

ʱ꣺ԭ׼ʳġ
ʳˮȻй涨ģǰƿ߹ܣǰշģˮǶٺʳǶ

ʱģЩԵļ÷ϱ׼
˭֪ʦһӶֻӪҺ

ΪɶֱӱһһƿˮһӪҺ

˳˵ΪúܴһƿˮӪҺҲдݵġ˭Ҳû뵽İɡ

̫ɧʦعصĶûôɡ
ϾģˮӪҺܲһЯġ

û뵽лʱˣ¸أҲûɶǱԼ顭Ŷ黨ƿ
עעԺûɶë

ָӵ˵Щ˵ʦҪҲ

ǰˡ

ҲǵĶԻЦˡ
˵̫׼ȷˣ𡮱Ц

ֻҷӦЩţʱĴθˮ׼Ҳֻɣ

춼ûʱģӪҺüܰ

֪϶һܱˡ

Դθ̫ѺðǳԵľ͵ñȱ˿죡

û˾ʱһֱԶһٲԻֻǶûţپͲˡ
˵⻹ڼţһֱͣڶء⿴ǸأͲһĸ

Ѿв߲ʼˡ

ʱ굹ǿȣһ۵ģ

ָӵ˼״ҲûȰԵһ˼ȷһԵģҲǲ˼
ԷǸ򵼣˾濴ţ׷Ź˼Ҫ˼ô죿

Պ忴üֱˣôԣȺ˾Ȼš

ôʱô˳ۡ
ݴʱ겻ԸİӺ䣬˼ңǲ򵼡

ոһöΪ˴У۾ǶҪô
ǸаӺģҲӪҺѺȲϺô

Ϊʱɧ˲ֶһ˿
ټԭķ˿һԪ˧CPʲôģֱ۵ǣȻ˽˵ıˡ

һֽ˵ԱҵĶУȽǰѧȻЩ۹ͼھΡ
ôһüֱ䶼ʼĿ꣬תʱˡ

⻹ǵһΣġ

лϵѧɼܲ˵Ĺע໹Ķϣ̫ˣֻ䡣

ҷ·𿴵˸˭˵ܴɱķ

¥ϣʱĶλǸǸƲǣǼǱĻƿ

ԻƿҪԼҵ˵Դô

һˣƵ
˵ĶǸƽ̨һҲ˵ġ飬ûЦĳѡ֡

ʱͬѧ׻ûͬѧֵӪҺ벻ȣҲǾԼ˲¶һƿԲŲȵġֳˡ
ҸղɨһۣǱȽϽĵطûӪҺò˵ĲôںܻڣǸϢ

û˾ʱԼ졣
Ͼ
ʱͬѧҲǳԹģҶ֪ζʲôζνҲˮݺܴ󣬾͸˵Ҫ˯Ȼǵ
Ȼƾ˺ܶû˯

˹Ц
ſʱԼԼȻĻǡ

Ҫڽ֮ҲӪҺĲϴҶһ𰤶ȶȲš

ܿ˴Ǽˬ飬⻰һʱķ˿ŹЦͦڴġ

棬ȴĴԴԣ治Ȱʱ꣬ء

ǡ˵ͱȽϡ⡯ˣԷҪˣɾǶһݣÿһѧʱ䣬ǿǶһ갡

ߵĸһ£᲻˵

ЦЦȻû˵ˡ

⻰Ųʱ꣬ȴŸǺ
Ҫ㻹Ǻȵɣ

ʱ꣺

ʱһСֻ˵ӪҺ治úȣǿյ⡭ˣҰⲻԣ治ôܳô

ƣ

ܡһǳģܳԡ

У
ԱУУЦóĺⰡ

ҲһƬֻʱĶЦ
㶢ʵ֪ɶʱܳȥһʬ

ʱ꣺
ܳԾͳԹӰҸտˣЩǽġ

ﲻǹ԰Ƶ˵ϣܶӶжġ

Ҳûġʱ˵͸·ǸСû̫СˣζӦҲá

ˣ

ƣô֪

ʱֵĿῴһûװôҩʦûжҲ֪ô

һȻɹ˵ơ
ҲתĿ⣬ŶԭҩʦⱾ£ǲõҲ

˵˵棬УӵۣЩԵôΪǻϻ˭֪ûж㻹ҩʦ۸˲֪ô

Ѧ̲סͷ侲У侲
ҩʦУʱа

Ҫ֪һҩû˼ҿһ۾֪һһȷˡֽŵҩǾͱʱôֵġ

Ȼ¶֪Ҳ½ͥһ֣ϡԼ˶֪˸ˡ

ϣѾڿˣ
ղŽĸҩһеѣ˵û¶ǲ鶾

ڣ¾˵¸ӪҺȱ׳԰ɣ

¾ͬѧ֪ģ޵Ȱұԡ

Ȼ˽⣬δһҩѧѧûôҲ֪ܲɣ

ʱУ˵һһˡ

һƬȻҲʱ𣬡ʱͬѧôأϾЩЩ£Ҳܰƶϲǡ
ԣĻĳֵ˵ĶԣʱһѾ˲˼ˡ

ûĸô̭ѧʱһ׸ˮĿܾܿóʵҲͦ򵥵ģϾҪǹ׼ǰˡ֪ҲǾˣһ׼ǲ򵥡˵Ѷж߰ɣ벻ÿڱõġ

Ϳʼһ񼶲ȻԺܶ˵˲ʲôǸˮƿǹĵط

ⳬٵȴ۹֪Ǵʲô

ֲδȥȥȫץˡֲʱƺԼİΣȴԭǿЩʵš

ƺҪժӳԣǹӺ̵ģܳô

жֱӶ¡

һ̣ⳬٵ˼ǸՊ˾˵һ¡
Ȼͷȥ½ͥķӦʱȴԷϺ޵֮ɫƺ۵׻Ц⡣

Ѧٻ˿ǲõλڶˡ

ʱҵĹһִδģɫʵֺܷ̻ơ
˶ȻͲˡ

ܳԣžͲܰɣ

ʱ嶯ǰӪҺ㣬Ҫ㽫ͽͺ˰ɣ

ͬȰҲһƬģ
ܳԣ˵ɫԽܶԽôô仰ɣҼǵҴС

Ҳ֪ˣҲû鵽ֹӡ

ҷת˵ʱ껹ͦѵģץ߻мҩҵѡ

԰ⶼû˹ܵô

Ȼ˹ܵġ
¾һͬ⣬Ҳŷ׷Ȱ
ʱһ̯֣̾Ϣû¶ûŻͦ㣬ζӦģе÷

Сƻôˣ˵÷ζ
Ըˣ⿿ף˰ҪǰǿϵģǸӣң˳ܳԵģɫŹŹֵֹġ

÷ζʱ˵ѾԱ߸ɾĺˮϴˣûӦʱѾڸɵһ

¾ȫûüָӵѾȰŤˡֻһϽʦˡ

Ȼû¡
û£

һܶԼҵרҵðɣʱ걻ٴеģЦ˳
ͬʱѾժһѣ׼·ϳԡ

ǲţҸĹӡƴһǸӣһǳȥ̲ġ

ʱ˳ǣǣ󲿷ĹӶܳԡŹ֣Ĳܳԡ
Щûģġ

ˣƻеģҪҪȥ塣

治áʱ˵ҷֱóжû
ϣ˲½ͥ滺˶һ۾Ϳˡǻ˼׼ģ˶أӣһܳжģ

ų׷ģҲ׷˿
ǸղŻԲԣҪԣû˸ҡϾǰѧҲɹ¶ճͱ;Ȼˡ

棬ԱⳬȴֻάЦ
˵úõģôͻȻûˡ

ԭʱꡣ
Ȼʱꡣ

ҧгݵ룬׼ҵҪʱúŵԼҲãôƫͰƳȥ˵ˡ
һ룬ܳ¶ΪҪ׼

ʱ֮Իᱻĸ״ߣΪǵ˼ˡ

һʱ䣬Ǿ֪ȥ˭









 107 



ҵεȸҲ˵, ȴըˡ

ǿʱˣˣ, еػ̫󵨡ִԮʮּʱģȵȣ½Ԫ˧滺涯ֽţ

һ, ӵûжע˶, ھ

ʲô½Ԫ˧滺ֽţ˭ɵ, 

ôо¶ʱ꼸αðǵҪߡ½Ԫ˧ֱ˰ԭսϱѻи滺ֽŵ, ʲôʱӢۻŶҪôˣ

, ˭˭ڸ顣

󲿷˱Ľǿģ½ͥǸǿߡǾ, Ԫ˧Ǳ۹ܳŵˡ
˵֪, ÿ˵ճ̶ǶǼġ

ڱ, ˵Ĺעȴʱƫˡ

֪һ㣬ɫѿ
ʱ꣬ȻǵĿǡմߵ飬ûһ׮Ǻ¡

Պ廹ﳰȻСطģʱ˵ô
ͦ

ȴû, Աⳬ⻰ɫˡ

ʱǸɵ
ǱЦˡ

ʱֲС˵©죬˵ˣ

ƨ
Ҫ, ôʱôˮ©ģ

ԱֱãȻһ룬иֵµ˹Сϣ¶ˡ

һȻ½ͥ˳ɶ磬滺ȷ⣬ɸойأ󳹲Ļ

оǱǼĿ֮أɼλĴһ˵ĵͻȻ֮䱬飬˲ִˡ

ȻǰһֱѹŲᣬ½ͥȴо滺֤ݡ
ʱ䣬в񱬳һ̫ܲһֱ
Ȼʱˡ

Щʱ굱Ȼ֪Ͼ½ͥʱ½ͥѺҲ

ԱŹлժӵˣòᡣ
ȻⶼƵеģ

еʱ걬ôһϣȴ൱ĵ
СŶҲܵȻǺժһЩӴţԱʱ֮衣

浹һȽϰԵģֿǸ¾ЩʱнĶûʣָҲûᣬԱ߻ͷڣҲӲס˴˼
ȴҪըˣʲôȻ˸½Ԫ˧滺ﶯֽţ

ȷùζƳһڹӣȷˡ
һ֪

һ˵Ҳת˲˹档
Ҳ׷׵ͷʵ̫ˡ

ȴѾû˼עˣ½ѡͻȻƿ飬ʲôҲȻ֪
оǱߵ˿϶Ǳ¶ˣڵĹؼǣ¶ǣ

ԱՊĸҲɵģҲǱߵĸ߲㡣˲䣬Ͳмζ

˿װһʲô֪ģ

۹¶ûҪܡ
ԽԽá

ʱһ˼ֻɢĶ棬ԼĶԱ
ָӿŲ죬ƽƽģȴû뵽ҲǸġ

ֲ¾͵ָӡ

棬УУУѧеһ鶼ܲ
ֹüһλˡ

ٿԼѧУļӶӣĿǰɹȻ˼Уӡ
Ҫˣñһꡣ

ʱѾҵһ㣬ûʳһЩܻס

һ۾ˣȥʼгޡ

ǺܱҪģϾй⣬ѧûмֱȥȻԼͳֵ
Ȼһ飬һܻ⡣

ʱƴĹֱӴ򿪡
һƣϻǰѼҵ˰ɣ

ͬڴĳʼʳˮжģֶٴٵġ
һ˲ȫţڹõʱͬʱ

Ͼҵ֮ǰЩҪΪŵġ
򵼵Ը˳ʱЩ»ϵһҪЩҲûá

ͬӵڱǿ԰æãͱһˣټҪչһˣҪ̽Լ֣ȫҵȻʡ

ʱ飬ҲǶʱôһ

չ˺ԼһƸ˲˵ôصһֻһ·ֵġ

ǸҰһУУ̲ס

Ҳ׷׵ͷûϺȲ˵ܰæǿһ֮20֡

У̾˿Ҳû뵽֪ǻҪٲҾͬˡ

У׷׿װ͸װ
ôһװò֪Ƶġаǰ֪㻹ݼء

У
治֪

ʱҲģõɻǣУҲȥƻ˼ı̬ȦҪ̨ϿŰɡ

û˵꣬ͱУ˳ȥ


ҩϵҲĿһУһΪʲôأڿû

һУУһʦģҾòҲͬô

ʲôһ顣
ء

˰

ΪӺʵ̫ˡ
ʵ˵ǽ򵼣ֽڱܸҳһڿɲ棬ڱ

ڱΪˣ򵼱أ

ϵƽʱҪϣЩϿɲҩϵĳ࣬ԱʾҪǿһЩʱӽҩϵ򵼣һͬҧ࣬˼
عͷϵ뺰һƿҩϵĶҧţ˼˵ۣ

ټڱأ滹ô˿ţûӺһ

϶˿ȥˡ

ǸӺܲܲôˣģεġ

佼һģεģȴһҲ˷У

潼Ǹʵ̫ǿ˰ɣϽŲӪҺ˼ȴҲҵ˹ӳԡͷβҪ˰ܰˡҪڣѾĽһʱˡ

˭أ

˵Ҷڹע½ͥ滺ֽŵ飬߻ڿȴҲǲٵġ
Щ˸߶עţ԰Ӻͱˡ

Ͼһȷʵۣ˭ʱ겻Ըҿһͻ뵽һء

רҵǹӲģܿһܻû⣬ҿһ

һеģء
ƵʦԽԽˡʱⲻ̫üɣһǸһֵˡ
һԼ֣ϵһӲˡ

ָ˹ô

ѡ˵ŻҪȥȡߣʱѾݹȥ
ӹżҪʱ䣬ʮӰɣ

ָӵ˵ͷ

Ҳǡ˵õĻףѧŪһ̨޲õȻһ⣬ѵ㶼ҵ⣬޿϶ǻȽ޺õġ

Ū޲õҲаʱ˳ӻժãܰһЩѾ𻵵Ļá

˵ˣεЩȺʦһ´ôɣѧǻġ
Ͼòҵ̨ףûüϲ񣬾ͷֲá
⻹ûҵء

ڰɣʱЦˣô򵥵Щʦ϶뵽ˣûôɿ϶вôɵԭ򣬲ӵġ

˵˵ЦЦ䣬Ҳ޺˻ס
ٳʱͲÿˡ

ǲܽʻյģΪչεĻ׶иյ֣򵼵ġ
ʱָӵĻףҲǸ޺õǼܡ

Լһܡ

˵ܻ׻ͦһߵȻǷ͵ǿҲ
ϵǼܵӵͷÿˡ

ʱ꿴Ŵ򿪵ڲգһԾֱӴ˽ȥ

⶯Ư֪˭̲סһ䡣

Պʵ̲סˣֹ˾䣺ʲô˲ģҲôϻô

˶̲סһۣԽȻֱʣǲ֪ǲϵøƯЩ

Պ壺򵼣ֲᡭ

˲䣬Ц
ôԽȻĻֱӵǹ˼Ҿͣ˼ҳ׺򵼵ˣ

Պ壺㡭

ԽȻȴѾˣαһı

Ѧ߿һۣջĿ⡣
ղҪأû뵽ԽϽ죬Ҳ˰

Ҳ֪Ǻ⼰գՊʵ̫ˡ

һצ칥ʱҲ֪ţӽ½Ԫ˧
ذɣ

Ȼʼ֣½ͥͰźһУԴ˿̶Ҳű
ԱǱߵߣȴҲܷŹ

Ͼÿⳡ˵˵ʱ

ʱ볡Ҳ̫ˡ
Ҫǡ

ԱĿ䵽ֳ棬ʱ˻ףٶҲûǰ϶١

Ͼһ̨ˣҲĸȥ
ˣǵȸ·

л׵ĺôһǣ򵼲ԼˡһսǿˣԻףǸûʤġ

ʱҲʱʱڻģżҲߡ

׵ٶȱȽϿ죬һ˸ں档
ȻΧˡ

ϵӽͬ˻Ϻѡ˺
Էĸһ˱ĸ򵼣ʮ߶

ʱŲͻȻһ١
Ȼ˵Լ˸λöȥˡ

ĳסˣʱͬѧǷôôͬ顭

һ˵˵ʱͬѧȷû᲻ǾʵڱʵչʾʵʱԼ㶯֣

ô˵ʱһ㣬˲Ͳµˡ

Ҳ֪ô¶˼һ򵼣ǸֻD򵼣ƫƫÿζܱǻǰֵˡ
Ȼغö

ܺá˷˫ʱͬѧֵĻʮˣȻ֣һҲҪԸ˲С
Ƕܳɹ֣ܱ⡭ⲻˣλͬѧرǿѾˡ

ƣѾȦΧˣʱʱһսⲻˡ

ǿʱͬѧ

ʱúúõģû˷

ǵʱͬѧһĻططǸǣû˻ѵھͿԷеλ쵽˵ͬѧܲ׼ȷĶλ˵λãʱꡭ
ŶûУôһǵʱͬѧУһи˵ӲСˣǸԵĴ󣬵ߵʱԱߡ

ȥˣȥˡøˡ

˻ߵĺţͼȫûʱ꣬Ա߾¶һס
ʲôⶼû֣

ʱֱùǹžһ¾Ͱ̭ˡ
û㶯ֵģⶼյǰˣʵ

ˣ
Ī̭˵λͬѧ

˻ͷһȻǱ򵼸̭ˡ
ʱˡ

һ˳һ߲ŵܣôᡭ
ôôû֡








 108 



Ҳ, Ҫ˵Ⱥˮɣܣ˼ҵȷˡ

ˮ, ôǰ˶û֡

ʱꡭԽȻ̲סۣ򵥰

ֻDDľôǰôþͷˣǰϿǹ, 붼Զ, ԺܶڱԣЩѶȵġ
һУУ˵ſУ, ѧУûѧˣ˾㻹ûְɣ

УҲЩɣ¶ǲ֪, ʱ걾˿϶ġ

⵽ʲôCB, ҲӦôǿ

Ѧ̲סλڣ˵ı׼ô

Ҳǡ
ţѰҲûôģ, ѵڱҪȵҲװɣ

ѦջĿ⣬רעԼ顣

ʱȷûע⵽, ʱɵľͰī, ǾԪ˧ǿ˵ȥ
ʲôײһľͺˣǺ˵˵ǿġ

֪֪ѦȴδҲϽ˻⡣

ڸǳһ, ֳЩȽϺõˣȻĲһѡ
˵ʲôĶС

ǸײʱǰͬѧǱ˵, ˮƽôҵ֮úܡ

ȻҲǵİæ˵֮ƺƵĳһš

ڣȴʱһ£׿ս

ʱ꽫̭֮㻻λãԷȻҲٷֲصüãûƵˡ
ֻԲһλ׷ģȻȻ׽˵̡

һʱ֮䣬ǶԷЩ

ָѾϵŻǰ¸ĶѻˣһָеĶ

ǶУġ˵ӡѧУȽĶ顭

棬½ͥҲ˵ûз֣ʱ⼸ӣĶ黹ͦġ

һӲ˵ǰʱҲʲôͨСӡͨģҲܸʲô͵ԷŵĲ
һͰѵϣΪŵ˲ô

϶ǶУģһģϵʵǲ͡

ɣѦ˵ǶлףֻҪһ󣬻׻սͻᷴת
ʱ

ʱѾֲˡ

ôʱǶèèôôôء

ڱ˲ȫ۾оԼǺҪһ㡣⣬Ϊʲôʱ껹Ƥӵӵֲ

ҸоڿӰõİɣ

ҪǸڱһ˵ţһ򵼡

ôˣӰǸôض·˳ͬʱһ˵򵼡

һ£ǰǸͬѧ̫˵ĵûˡϾһ˸ˡ

ʱ˹ǷϾǷˡһҪҵҲϷߵЩѧ

Ǳ߻ѾˣԷָҲǻˣһֱʱ䡣


˵ţѾʼߴ߳

ҪȻ׷أ˶࣬Ҳûá

ҪǻףΪԭԱأ

ܡָӵһڱϼǳǰģҲ˼Ա֮ǰȷлڸжܾܿһӡ

ңȻǲ´ˣҲ˼֡
ҪлȴǾӶˡ

֪ʱֹ𣬿ƣ
УУ

УУЦǫ飬ȴһУ
ѧУǸʱ򵼣̬ƵġȻһѧУһһûõʧһˡ

У
治֪һʲô˽

֮ϣͳ⣬ǰҲһɣ

ѧУУ

ܿˡ
ͬѧȻܰȻ˯⼸һо㲻ˡ
˲ڻҪŰȵжѧˡûʲô¶ȥϢһ¡

ģһٿطš

Ƕߵòˣ½ͥû
Ѧ˵ȥϢɣ

Ѧ֪϶Ҫʱ꣬Ҳû˵ʲôվ׼ȥϢͼՊĸ˹

ԱѦٵôˣȥϢ

ո仰½Ԫ˧˵

½ͥջطڹϵĿ⣬£

¡ո˵ҲòϣǸʱ㡣̫㣬Ҳ̫ˣ½ļ壬δǼ¡
ŮͲһˣȻӣʹʲôֻҪˡͬĸһܡ

½ͥͬĸײһĸȻȴ֪ʣҺӲ˵˻۾ڮˡ
У½ѡ£һôЩԱҪֻΪ˵ذɣ

ѦվĬ˵ʲôãŮ½˱ȡ
ˡ

Պ屾ߴںţ̲ס˹㶼ûи˵˵Ҳ֪ˣΪûĸǮôҺŬˣŬԼܰ㻺⾫ѹҲûӴʲôΣڴ϶ָֻš

Ѧ̲סɴ۾
ѵǾ½ϱ½˵ı׼ô

Ǯ£پЩܰ滺񺣵ѹ

Ȼϸ룬½˵ȷѾλ½Ԫ˧ĸҲƵԸ񣬵
½治ǿ
½˵Ǯ½Ԫ˧Ҳδù

֮½ˣΪ½Ԫ˧ǡһ۾Ϳˣǽһ顣Ϊ½ϱ׼½˷ˣԽˡ

ԱԱˣȻûסŮĻǸ
߻ˣֱЩ֡
Ȼ½ͥٴЦһ̣ҲܿԷˡ

ҲԣĻǲʺϷ˵ġ
ŮǱ߻ˡ

½ͥɨՊһۣøʲô
ֻԱǹܺŮǵ۹ʲôֱ߻ˣɲܺ޼ɵı

˵꣬ٸԸŮ˵ʲôԭ⣬ֱˡ

ՊȦͺˡ

ոҲղѣͲ̣ʵ׼̸ġ
Ե۹½ҾҪʼһս֧ȡ׮½ͥδزῼǡ

Ͼǵ۹ǱߵʱҲЩõġ

˭ϵŮôס

Ҳ
꿴½˾ôһаԵ˭ҲµֱӣӦûϲͬԸˣûмԾŮԸ

ǵģԴՊ˵Ҫ޹ոͶġ

ŮǴʲôΪżɵʲôӦʲôп԰Ǻܶæ

˭ϵ̫ҲУ⽫ͳȥͳϴѡ

Պ֣

ոȴѾ½ͥ·߲ͨǾͿǿǺҺ
Ҽֻ̰ΪȻãȴδǼ¡Ǵ½ң۹һҶ󣬶Ҳ¡

Պȴǲţҧгݵ˵
ҾͲţ˶ҾͲ½ͥԸھҪת⣬ʵƵòͷʱɾֵˡ

ԽȻ˵ȡͿһĻ

ȡö׼ʱûס˵һ䣺о仰СɣǿˣԼܻĻһЦ
ˡԽȻͷ仰ҲǴӱģ˵ʱ˵ġ

ֻǾڴ˴Ҳͦʡ

Ȼ½ͥҲˣԲΪ˶꣬ίԼø鵱ס

Պ˵ϲȴʵһҲ˽ˡ
˿̰֮ЦҲġ

ԽȻҲˣµոĥ¶ՊȴѾҪˡ
ʲôԽҶûˣҳҡ

˵䣬۾ÿ˹

ƫ½֮ͥǰǰĹŴʱʱ꣬ʱ˿׼˯һ

һ£Պ̬׾ôˡ

Ȼһʱǲ֪ġ

½ͥǱҲģֻǻң׼ù
ȻǰĹڿ˱Ƚ϶࣬һ󡣺ò׻ָʱѾǰʵʱʮӵʱ䡣

ѾһƬ½ͥҲü

棬ʱһָӵЩϢͷҹжܲץһЩϢˡ

˶ûʲôҹ˺󣬱׼ϢСʱ

ҲڲҵģˮӪҺ֤첻ڶĶҪӲá

һһõ񣬳ȥҹˣڱһʣһ¸ʱ򵼡

񣬼ʱʣ㲻˯ôֻСʱץˡ

ʱü֪ΪʲôܾЩԾϸһ·ûʲôԾĵط
ҲʶΧûʲô׵ġ

ŶһŻ׹ˡ

ԷҲֻܻףһܵȼǵġ


ܾͦùġ˯ⲻ¶ˡ

˵ֲڣôطͶôˣЩ֡
ԴǵùҲǡٻҵ˻ףǰǶһ϶ǿˡ

׼˯ˣɵȰˣҸطǶһ㣬һҲС

ƣ
ƶʱʲôˣ








 109 



һɤɲ, ˵ҹģǼµҲ

ʲôˣ

, ˢˢʱꡣ

ʱ̾˿ԭԼֵġãȻ֪Ҳ, ̨Աӡ
û˵, ƺһУˡ

ͦǿһӵġ

뿴ָӣô˵ǲ, ǴǱܡ

ָӵǰڱӦòȡȱսʩ
ʵĶ飬ûҪȶķ, װȫս
, λѵãǰõǵϢߣ׶, ܲĹȥԸԷĲ

¾˵ͷϻ, Ŵһߡ

ָӵ, Сġ

˵Ż䣬Ѿպ˴װʼװǰ
¡Ƶ⣬ҿ԰æһ¡

Ҫ£ʱҲ¡

ܻ, һһܡ

ҲûϾҹⷭĲСǸû
ȻҶһ¾ʱûҪ, ܼܼɣ

˺֮Ұޡ

һʧȥսսѵģʲôťûУҰҲȫûС
ʱûʲôãֻҪɢʶʲôõ

ڣҪɢԶֻҪ帽ˡ

ָӵľʮȷĹԷ׳Էûл׵˳֡
Էֱ޻ֻ֮˲ˡǰ̭ѡֳȥʦѸһѧûˣȻʹˡ

߳ǱߵȻڼս

ԷǰӻȻҲõϢѸٷļܻѸսһ

ʱӺʮӵǲſʱ귢˹ˡ

ȻҰɣ

˵ʵҪۿţ˸˵ҿ϶ʱ򿪹ԣ˸Ϣˡ

ؼ֪ˣ֪ܻס

ǸǼһ£ʱͬѧǰÿһضǡôȥ֮ǰΪλͬѧײǰʱصĵطǾս֮⡭Ҫɲף֪Էж˹мǿĴֹۣսȲſԡ

½ͥﲻɶ˼ԺЩ֪ʱģԶԶҪҪǿϸࡣ

һߵҡ
ⳬü֪Ҳ̫ˣ᲻ǵļƻз

ᡣԱǵļƻɲô򵥵ġ½ͥط˰ɣ

ˡ
ⳬٵԭΪ϶ҲҪȻûСռҵˡģӺʮӣӦġ

Աĵ˵ͷ

Ǳʱһ֮˫ͻȻԷһܻ׳⣬ֱֱȥ
ô̭ˡ

ʲôҲʱһʻ׵Ķ̲ס
⻹ûأԼˣǰûô

Ǳ߾ʦһһ߰ѻڳһ˵϶Ҫ̭ˣһһȥãҲϵһӻ

СʱһҽԱ˵״ܲãҪҽԺ

ˣǱ㲻ٵˡ

һʲôʱܻ߸Ͻɣһ߻š

Ļ֮ڡ

һߣȻһԮʦûˡ

ʱ걾͸עְȫʩ˵컹һֱùŹ֣˸ϽŴʶҪչ
ʱһȺ泯Ƕ

һȺһȺ

һùһ鿼䵽һȺٵĶм䣬øϽ˳ťʦ֧Ԯ
ڳٶȼĶ棬ʮ֮ࡣһͽǧֻ

Ȳ˵õĻΪѧȫ˲ٵġ˵ǧֻս൱ĶҲֲá
ǿǧֻһֻһĭ͹ܵġ

ؼǡ
μӱĿɶǵ۹δϣǵİȫֹУʮֹע
֮ǰܲ鿴һڲôĶȺ塣

ܡʱˡ

¾ʣôˣһܺá

жˣһȺǧֻϷͬǵĶǰķǲͬģϽ

һǧֻ¾ֶһ¡

һڱҲûõȥ

ָӸǵϣǶ֣ҪϽ˳Ť
Ȼһ䵽ٰɾͼп

Ǽǵġʱ˵һۣԷûʲô⡣
෴ķôҲ

ǳһ߳ߡûоԮڣ˳ŤҲûá

ʱܿ찲źãˣ˳ͬѧ˵һҲϽܡ

ǰʲôġ

ҲҺøղһսҲֻʣܻסܵĲǳ˾Ѿ̭ˣȻ⻹治ܡ
֪ܲġ

ָԶͿʱƵİѿرǿ˵ϣġ

¾ϽԷͬѧϢͣսˣ

ʲôˣһ˾ʣˣͬѧѹΪʲôС

¾ٳսͬһܻһһܡ
ǧֻ棬Ͻܡ

ʲôЦأ㵱ʦǳصģǧֻ棬ֻһȺĶҶӮ

˵䣬ߴһڣ¾ܿȴҲǲףû˵ˡ

޲ûͷԷʰˡ

Ͼʱ˵ûоԮʦˣʰ˾͵ڰڶˣֻţöԷ׷Ǵ

Ѿģûô

Ⱥʵ̫ˣһһ֮䣬ѾȽ࣬Ѿܽ

ʱһУͬѧҲĳȺ
ȻһȥһƬ֪ǲǽǧȻǴ򲻹ġ
ܳг氡

ʱ˻˵ʲôȻǸϽܰ

ƫղŴȥȥģڵǼܻˣɲˣֻȽ

һͣ¾ҲϽͣ

ܰһУλͬѧôˣ

Ѿˣ׳ˡ

һ˲䣬ҶˣղŴġ
ǸһУͬѧһϳ˼Ҫ׷ʱ򵽵һǰŻûʲôûܶԶܲˡ

ߣ߳һƬƬľԮӦڡǸڱҲ߳˻ף

ʣ϶֧Ų¡¾һУλͬѧȥæˡ

ɣҲҺģҪжҲûˡһУλͬѧ˵£ȥˣɵÿȻֵҪǹ˱ҲĲ㡣

ӺʮӵǣſԮʦǶΪʽԭ뿪

Ǹ򵼳ʱԱЦһǰǰŵ˶֣߾ֳ⡣
һԮԱĹλ˰ɣ

Ϣ˵Ѿˡⳬٵ

Ȼȥǰ濴˻ɣҲڷ￴ġΪһЩԭ򣬵õϢҪԿһЩ
ǰڱ˵ֹʱƺһѶ涢ˡԷʾǻҪҪ֡

Աǵ˰ǸסڳҲУ뱣֤һʧ

ⳬٵ˵ͷ

ʱԮԱȱ½ͥվ
嵽ǰһʵʱս׳¶ϵȥϡ

ѦѦȻҲӵϢ

Ÿ˯£һ
ʲôȻ˸ִ涯ֽš

֮ڣ˻ִ˭ߵ⡣
ʱ꿴ȥһžͰһУǸѧ߽˼ʻգϽȥ˰ɣĥ˭Ҳ߲ˡ

Ļףǳġ

ֵǶ棬ӦǳǱߵıǸͻȻҪȵ򵼣ҲǳǱǰֽš

˴

ǸһУͬѧ߲ȥŵģֳϾ½ͥ棬϶Ѿ˲ס
Ϊ˵ʱٱٵ

ʱʳﶼˣڡ
װһ̨ס



ϸ˵ǲ̫ϲ¶̫ģСľԽԽȫ
ҲΪ˲׾Լܿˡ

ʹΪԼǿװ۵ġҲΪװû¶θƱ̭
ڣƹˣڻҪԼܿ׵顣

ƽ¾Ļ׺գһܻȻˣȥܿһȥʣµһڱء

ʣء

ʱַڴ棬˵ҵȻǿŻȥɱķ
ȻֶЩ

ȵȡ

ڱڣڱ䰵ڿж˲ٵ
ݡ

ͨݣֱڳƵһԵƷ֡

շɣܷɵòߣǻûУ֡
ѹѹһƬһͲǧҪࡣ

ʱУɵҵ˲мһֻޡ
һֻޣЩӦþָġ

һ˲䣬ʱͶˣӦþҸɵˡ

˵׼Ǹ򵼳⣬þԮӲòߡһӱӾܸϻľԮأ
ˣһӦǱ취סˡ

ǰŹȴϸûʲôĵطҲõ˽͡

һʼҾ׼ߵ꣬Ȼٳ֡
ʱһȷ϶ɹԽСʱ鷳ҲԽ١

һʼǵĽص㣬˵ҪʲôȻײ
ǰһЩѧУҪҩϵҲμӣһҲҴٳɵġ

һ׼ôһһ߻ʮȥ

һʼû뵽ᵽܣ׼һҲΪһʧ֮˵ҵϺ꣬ǰȻпԭڣҲ̫ͼЩ
ȴԭ˼һ׼һء

ױͬѧδȫ㵽ǿ϶Ƕֽŵģֻ̨ףһ̨עڰ·ġ
ǰһУǶǫ̃һ

ҿû뵽ⷽĺǿ
ȻĻƺܿԼ׵ļʻԱ͵ṋ̃

ΪʲôҲ̭Ϊܻ׵ΡֻҪ΢оһ£֪һܡ

û´ĻʵǸΪˡ

ϾһǰĿ϶ڣҪһӵİɣ

Ҳȷˣʮ˶ӡ
ûϵʱҲ档Ҹ˵ǣṷ̂˵ĵȻûǵԱ

ƣڣȷʣ˲˾ǡ

ϧ

ʱ꿴ôôϾԼݣٿϵĳ塣
ɵ૵
ȻǸԲȥǻصԭ㡣

ƣʱ˵ʲôԲ

Ŷ
ʱ˵Ǹпһ£ĸȻ塣ÿεĿ궼һ£ȴƫƫܻ˶Էĺ¡

һһεġ
֤һһôСһġ









 110 



ƾĶ, ļƻûκëЩСʱ֪꣬ʱʵһ̨㡣
ƾǵΪ, ҲѾΪʱ˼鷳ˡ

ңҵļƻҲûʲô⣬ѹѹһƬ, ʱ㹻ء
ϧ

Ҫۿ, ֮˭ܱȵ

, ȴûʲô֪

½ͥɫ΢䣬֪ʱлףҲ̫ӺΣ, ǻﲻһӦˡ
ЩԼѾڸȥ·, һѦڹǰţʱϢ

ô飬¹ˡе˼, һУУǸòᣬֵ⵽˭, ôôΣյȫ

ՊȴǸ˷, ǣˣȥ㡣

ϵҲŵˣѧУ;ô, һܸЩ
ѧܹ˵ġ

Ҳʱһֱڼ޵ӳ޺ˡ
Ҳˣڳ, ûʱпֵǸԲҺͳһһСһĻ

էһֳ棬ǰŵòᡣ

ԮԮأ

ʱԮҲ˰ɣôĶݣô׶𡣡

ʱôϻףȻ˵òɣôиƤŰ

ԱⳬȴЦˡ
ˣʱˡ

һһСү˶ϵĲ裬׼ĸ󻼱һ
ȴƼʱͻȻٳޡ

޶˵ֱ죬ݶݶֱӾץסһֻͬݺȴԲһޡ

㣬ʲô

ްɣղźѹѹһƬûע⣬ǰǰɣ

ֻ룬ʱʲôô˿ȸûʲôսôôСһֻôץס˼ҵġ

ѵڵĹؼǣЩݾȻɺϹģΪģʲô

εıʱʱ˾־ȣ

ֹǾȣֳ¾ҲǾòᡣ
ȻǺܿģͿץ޵ʱ꣬Сһӣ϶£Щ塣

ô

ʱ꼸ˣƱһ㡣

ʣ¼ֻɢǣҲȫΪǡ
ѧУװԸ˴Ķ棬ֻȴ׾ٵġһֻ֣һֻ֣һֻء

¾˵ʵе¡

˭ءһڱ˵

ѦѦ˵Ҳ°ǻǽ˿ȸôǰȸȸɣ

½ͥת۾淺Ź⡣
һ˲ȷĿʱƺӰӰԶԶС˿ȸҪģҲǲͬһֻ˵еķˡ

˰ܹ֮ݱˡ
ҲֲڲֲͬԵĽ˿ȸޣûܹ˾ı¡

½ҵǶһڼ½˺½Ԫ˧
֮෴Ǻ޲ʱȥˡ

Պֱ˹ԣⶼôᣡ

Ѿʼ׼칦Աⳬ٣˶
ԱǱеĲ˶δ·һ

ȻһУͬѧڻ֪أŸԮӵʦ˵ĺΣգôĳ壬̫ˡʱͬѧĺΣգҸæģһڱȻˡ

еͬѧѾ֪ˣڴҶǱ߸ϡȳˣȥ

ҪţҲҪһ𡣡

ǵʱ򣬾Ϳʱɵһһ֣һһ֡
Σգ
ʲô

ڸɱ

ʲôͬѧˣôģ

Ƹ󣬡ҲǵģʱˣǶԸ档

λһУͬѧ
һǸдҲһ±ƣȫչ

ϵģԮԱ½ͥҲ½ϵһ͸ûʲôΣˡ
¾˻ţһء

λһУͬѧ
ʱðȥȱ˳ǵãˢ֡

ߵ򵼵Ǹ˸ղԼжһô

λһУͬѧУǲ֪ûɶΣգ˭ˣǷ̫󴵵ġ

֮һΣǳ׽ˡ

ʱץǸ˵ޣ䱾˾һòԶⶼʱʶɨܿץˡ

ǸʱͿˡΪһУԱѧһԱǸùʧɢ˵ġ
˭룬ôˣȴҪġ

˱½ͥץסʱҲûҪסˡ
Էڻţܣܣһֻ˿ȸôץסҵޡ

ԭ̫ǿ̫Լһ׽ܵĽ˰ɣ
ʱ˵꣬Ҳٿˡߵ½ͥǰһüô죬Ȼ½Ԫ˧

½ͥ
졣˵úΣա

⼴ڳʵȴƺڿʱ
ʱ۾Цÿġ

¾Ҳû©ˣʱ̲꣬סţ
Ϊϴһʮ¼ǶʱʵѾ˽ˡ˭뵽أֻǱɽһǶԡ

ϵǣʱ򣬲һ

ˣҲУ

⵽˭ǵ۹ҩѧôһһεҪˣ

Ѿȫʱʵ۷ˣ൱Ǹ˵ɻǽ˿ȸôôôǿ

һҪ飬ò˭һδεģѱǲĴɹˡ

϶һֱڲģ㿴ʱֹⰤ򲻷ôڻûѶԷͽȥһǿʵѲ飬߶ԷСöԸ

½Ԫ˧ô˭ˡ

滰ʱᵽ˾˭棬Ҫ½ͥ飬º϶Ϊһһٵۡ

ߴ֮󣬱Ҫġ

¾ָ֪ͨӵˣ˫꣬׼ͷϡ
һ̨ɲˡ

Աߵڱô޺ô

ܡƵһ˵ĻٵĸСʱ

ǰֵúܴ󣬿ˡ
ҲвٵĲͬѧģѱ˹һСʱУĸСʱԲôò

ʱ߹˵Ҳ

¾ɶ

֪ʱڿѧ֪ʶ⡭֣
ȻʱԼأ˵Ѿ˿ƵΪҰ㡣

Ҳûֻ̽췽֪ʶҲľ͵˵ͷ
ǿʼ

¾һѣ

ϵҲһģ

ɶʱ껹

ĿǰǵģҾ֪ʲôǲġ

λУҲУ⡭ѧѧ죿
У֪

Ǽʱʱ˵ԼڼѧȴǻϵĿΡΪԷװˣ˭֪˼ġ
ݵǣ⻹ѧģէһ֪׼ǻϵˡ

ͬҺͳ壬һһɲСһ
֣ܿͰѻ׸޺ˡ

ҲƴĶ࣬ҪȻȱ˭Ҳû취϶ûƫǴˡ

Ȼᶼ׼˵ġ
ʱСܣͦȫİ

²á˵

ǴȫʱҲǸոպá޺û״Ҽǰָӵ˻ϡ
ԷһСӣһΣ֡

һЩ֡

ȻѾû˻עڱˣ۵ĶǰǼ顣

ѣ̲סƵƵʱꡣ

ʲôʲôʡʱ

⻰һҲ̲סˣֱӾʣǰ˵ģ¶йأô

ʱ꿴һۣ⺢ӵĸ׵ǱԶֿνʮֹע
ͬʱᵽĻг壬ȫһˡ

ᵽңҲĻ׷׿˹

ʱЦˣû֤ݣղŷҪңۡŶǲҲ֪һǾ˵ġϾǰץ˼Ҷƿڴһǵĺ¶

˵ģҪҸɵģһأֻ˼ҵ¡
֪˭˵һ䡣

˷׷׵ͷϵҲ˵
ɲֻЩ棬˵׼ʱΣءǺǸİʱꡭ

ô죬ˢһлҾ֮

¥ϱ𣬲Ƕ˵û֤ôֻһ־ҸɵģҷһҾô졭

˵ţǱѾʼˮ³顣
½ҵȻҲʾʼЩˮ⡭

ڳô£˭Ҳû˯ɣܳǰǣҲ׷̲סԱⳬ١

ԱѾʪ·˿Ȼá
˭뵽أȻָļƻײˣǸʱ˼һæ

Ȼǲô˵ģֻɨˣ˵ץ֮˵Ļ˵Ļ˭֪١
ͬйصĻλǵȷ֤֮ɣ

½֤ͥݵġ

ʱ߶ͷֱָ֤Һױ˵½ͥﲻͬ˶֪ҲԸ˵ô䣬û˵óʲô

Ҳû£ԱЦЦҾ͵½Ԫ˧֤ˡ

½ͥܿ죡

ԱƤһȻܿģǰоͲˡ
½Ȼбǲ鵽ˣ鵽˴˸½ҵĹϵ

ڱȽԶֻǸ½ҵһλ֧Ӵԣ֤ʵ̫ǣǿ



ƫƫʱ
ƫƫʱոһΣգͨķʽ¶˵֮С

ʼңͬһαװХǵŵһǣ˳
Ǵΰ׷˽ȥ֮ȻץͬйأȴҲǰ׷˵ļʣʮǰδɹ飬һֶΪԡ

ϴٴð亣ХΪǿƵõõҲûᵽ顣
˭һء
һǳ׵ȫ˳

ԱϼάֲסЦˡ
˵½ϴôûϵһȴԭ˼Ҳǲ룬ڵʱ

̲ס½ͥ

ڶʮͷôһţþˡ

Ȼᣬȴֶβ

½Ԫ˧˸öӰ










 111 



ʱ, ½ͥڿˣү˵ȻҲȵ

ǲڵĵطһֱڷ͡

оǱҲץ, ѵ

Ѿȷʼˣ˵һҲˡ

ѧУУûĸϢǴ, ⳡ, ׷࣬, ͬʱܼ

ՊһĲˣոߣֿǱ, ۹ˡ
Ա߽ˮ

ܰŪ½˳㻹õ֤, вԷòá
ǲܣҲǼΪġ

֮, ʱһĿǰ÷ңңȡ
ϾûһӣõվǶ档һֻһֻ, һֻ, ˷Ͳͬˡ

ǿõĲԱ֮ǰҪһЩ

ܿǫ̃ס

ȻûһףһϢ

ʱҲӺǶ, ʱһѾܽˡ

㣬Ҫˡ

ҸϽеӺǱһţҿʲô

Ӻ˵ǸʱǲѾ̭, ôû

ˣ
ޣ̭ʱ綼̭㿴ôãʱôһĵ˼ҵĲãȻ

һ֣ҼֱĿһУˮƽôô

һУˮƽĳλү̫ˣҪչȥȻ٣û˶ãöٷ֡

Ǹʱһһȣãֱһǰ

Цһʱ̭꣬ʱء

˵ģӾˣ˭ʰ˭԰

ǰѶȫˣʱܴ꣬ùʱ磿ʱһʮڻ°ɣ

ʮ˷ܣϾҪˡ
ʱܷһǰ飬ô

ʱ˸Ƿһӵ˹ˡ
˵ûף۸

ǵģӺһֻҵһβƷƫûлסһ·ֻܿߡ

һĻܶѾʼڴ˫ĳˡ

ڵڴͬһУУһһѾ
Ҳ֪˫Ǹʲô档

ҲȻϣûл׵Ҫ̨״ǻǳ˵Ρ
Ӻ߻Χڱһ򵼡

ͬģǲױ

ǰ˱̭֮󣬺ֵܿ˰Ӻˡ

ʱ궯֣˾Ѿȫ̭ˡ

ڵȴʦǴ֮ǰӺʱ꣬ŭƾʲôƾʲôԶôáǿлס

⻰һ˴ͬһӵĶѣˡ

Ҳһ

ʲôжǿԼĶѲǿôһУĸ֮ӣǱ۵ġ

ǵùŸһɣЩڱҲǣ̫ˡǸָӱϲɣһήǰ֮ô⻹أҲԼ򣬻Ŷһò߷֡

˼˵⹫ӿȥʱأҲãҪ·ԣ

ܵˣǾñ˵ĳɹǿԼֻȽϲ

棬һУУѾ˵ˡ

ԱⳬҲʮֶˣǷˡ

ԽȻЩ̲סЦҵѪԲС

ʱѹûѰӺһһٷֵּǰ
ڵڶʱǱ㼯˰˼ܻףȻʼΧɨ棬ԼѰ顣

֮ʱǵĻλеһڶٷ֡

ڶɵĶ飬˿Ѿ֪˵ʱôǷʲô飬ɸпⶼʲô¶

һδػӵڶ

յòУʱôһңѾռ˱ˣ⻹԰Ҫǣ˵ûǲ

ɣǲ˼㡣ͽԣǺðɣ

ϾѾܶˣУѵõһصһ
УҲû뵽ѧУѧô

Ϊ;ôһ׮£εĽû걻ע
ʱһӣעĿľˡ

ڽ֮кܶ˻ܵŵ롣
Ȼ˫ģҲԱԼϲľš

ʵǣ˭֪½ҽյġϾǽĺдڸУҲǿ

ڱܹעʱ½ͥ¼ϳ֣ϲҲڽĲ飬ȴʱûн

һʱ֮䣬˲ֳĴ¡
Ƕѧͼ˵

Խҵǲż˵Ƕ½ң˭֪㲻һš
ÿյ˶ࡣ

ǿŶ򷢾֧ԼǶصľӷҲһ̶˻ᱨ
ôǵҲٵȥ

Ӱ쵽ģҲֻҡ

ҵȻưոݣһռˮ

ڵ۹ʱ˲ɷĿԱЦˣҪһѡң½ҵ׻̫ˣһǰԽһԲסûб˼ֻδѶԡ
ֵúܴ󣬸ŮйصĴҲˡ½ͥΪѡ˿ܶĻᣬôԼԵȷǸˣȴû½ҾˣŲһμ̳˳󣬽Ρ

ԼȴԾŸˣ˻ԣѡΪЧҵ˾ȴԲ̫ϸ񡣡

Ϣһ˵£ΪҲʵȷ顣

һЩȾ˵ʱ꾫䲻½ͥˣǾ

ɰ½һЩϽ˸ᡣ

ռҾŮ߳ŭɣ

Ů˵Ԫ˧Ȣǵ۹ģҲԲҪʱС̳ˣһ̳һǰ̣Ժͷô

Ԫ˧Ԫ˧ãٻʮ벻ɣ

ǲǲ½ͥԽԽÿⲻΪܸıġ
۹ûһܸ½ͥ滺Ҳʵ

Ҫǣʱĺǿ

һ½ͥĲҳ£½Ԫ˧ڣ½Ԫ˧Ҳʱꡣ
ôԽһû˳ŵ

λϽȻ࿴һۣ˭֪˭ء
ﶼŶ塣

Ҫ˵ǰǻʱֻܳŵڣ̲С˿սûģָҲѧǶΣյ񣬶ڱ硣
ڿ׶֣ȫ͡

Ĺڣ½ôҲꡣ

¶ǿףͨѧȴδض
ЩѾʼˡ

ͳ棬˵˵¶бǴ¶ɲܱյġ
˵һ٣˵ôһҲżء

ԭܹ½ͥ⾫飬ֻ½֪ͥЩϽ಻֪
ϽǸ⣬֪

˵İɣ¶ܿиˡ

һõŷô

áϽ˵ʲô¶Ԫ˧Ǳ߻ûأһԷ͵ԼԼ˵Ļȫ̻ȥ

˵ޣϽ㿴ңҿ㣬²
ʱľֹDɣ

Ҳãܰ쵽ô¶ǸޣҲ̫ˡ

϶ᾫҲ߰ɣ

ǲ²ͬʱՊ߸˵Ĵء
̵˵һ½ҾҪͷ˰ɣ½ͥҪңҪ֪

˵ţոıһ䣬ʣôˣ

ոҧгݵʱޣޡ

ôˣՊֲõԤУ򿪹һȻ½ҷˡ

ܼ򵥣һһ˿ϡ
֪ܶ˿ĵĽ˽ͣܽһ£
˵ʱӵܰ˰ãֻҪ޴ͬһռáص㣬½Ԫ˧Ч

ص㻭Цˡ

תĳһ뵱СĻΪأȴ֪ҲܡǸͨڱã½Ԫ˧ȼûû˵ʱѾ֤˵á

ܿ˵һ˵ô

ġ˵ʦʦ˵ʮֺǰҲйģʱ겻Ҳǵһû٣޵ȷá

ͻȻʱĽ˿ȸץʱģˡ

Ҳ

ʱ鷢̫죬Ҳ̫Σգûü룬һͬ۹һ¾ʱǾߣڿ⣿

ֻЦǸյô˵Դʵģ˭֪뷨ƵġˣˣŮûãɣ

Щ治֪ҪôԻȥ˵˼Ҷ𣬶ԾŲ𣬹ʵ½Ԫ˧취⾫ˡ

Ⲧתˬģ

ȻԲԼԶʱ硣ʱ磬Զ









 112 



ת, ɹոˡ
Ⱥڵĳ֮⣬½Ǳȷǵ۹ԱʵڲΪ۹δ, ⹦úȥһѷ˲š

ž˵ո£˳㻹һľʵ

ȻͷɫȻҲòˡ

ʱ, ʱ, ô
ԱöҪҹˡ

׼ˣȻҲͨһС
ױǺڲ, ֪ˣ֪ʲôҪ죬úùӲô

ôһ, ׼Ժܲģ
㲻Ҳӵ, ѧңһ½ҡ

ϧϧ

ױͺž, ϧԭ־õֵٻ붥ȨǱΪȾƲĴҲ

ֵ˺ܿŹһ

ûԽӣڿŻ, ǹ˺, ״
һȺû׬ǮȥͶʣòС

һסһ𣬷ȴСˡ

Աٶĺ֣Ҳβסﲻ
һӣۼԽԽ

ϵ, Ѿ벻ǵĵزˡ
Щ˼һὣȴû׼ˡ

иͻȻͻ룺

˵ʱһήľˣǲʱĹ͡˾ԼܸӺһ, ʱֺһֱʱꡭǳ׷ֿ֮һﾫȻֱ˻ȥڵû˾

ò˵֪гֵǣ뵽ʵ̫ˡ
⻰һõ˺ܶ˵ͬ

һ˲˵˱˻ԵĴ
еĴʡ
һ䡰Ȼвõ³Ļ֡

ܶ˰еĴʣ˵˵˼ֱ漾һὡ

ȻҪŵѧȻ޺֮ˡ

½ҵλϽҲӷˡ
ͬʱ̲ס뿴Ͻ֪

Ͻɿһɺϣɺϡ

ɸƨĺϣ֪ǡһһΧߣддȥ첻һʵͷ𡣡

Ҳ롭
һϽȥдһ°½ͥ
׷״ȥʣ

Ԫ˧ɶʱ鰡

Ԫ˧ʱôõˣҪɾûˡ֪ǽǣɵץˡ

ǣץץⲻ̤ܲʵ

ʲôʱôŰҺ׼

ҪȰ֤˰

½ͥ
½Ԫ˧òͻưΧȴܡ
ʲô飬ʱ껹ûӦء

ѦƼΪôˣʣԪ˧ǲʱô

½̧ͥͷû˵˼ʮȷ
˵ʲôأ

㲻˸ʲôѦͲˡ

˼Ǵǽ飬ֲŲý飬˰ɣ

½ͥ
½Ԫ˧ʱϲ׼뷨

ɶѦ˶ɵˣܰɣ

½ͥ

ѦٸϽɫ˵ǰʱ£һϵú׼ôǴǰǧٻ֭Һҩ֪

½ͥһӣ֪Լء
Ҳǣʲôʲô⡣

Ѧ٣
Ѧ̲סԪ˧㲻ôƲ˵İƤأҡ

С½ͥͬô죬ͬ涨˫ܶԶԷֺͼ

ǻ飬˭ͬ¶Ѧ⻰һ½ͥɫֲˣȴѦһǣʵڲоͰͬΥԼ£¡

½ͥ

ôԪ˧ŽҵôѦٵҲû

½ͥѾ˵ˡ
ʱԻֵͨѶ˹

һͨ˵ԭҺͬǸʱİô˵˵ҾͽôˣԼǽʲô취

Եܲѵһ˵ô࣬һеͣ
ɼЦ飬Ҳס

½ͥ
֪¶סȫ˶֪ˡ
ͨѶû£½ͥ˵ҪҡԻָϽұңа취а취

½ͥǿͨѶš
˵

Ȼ˵Ҫ˵Իֻװĵ½ͥһ
֪ԼܵģҲ׶ԷΪʲôѡȥΥԼ𡣱ϾΥԼӦ϶ǲ¶ġ

˾£ʮʮľһ

ܰ¶ʱûҪôġţˣЩˣֻ˵һ顣
Сù˵á

½ͥʱûȷ̬

Ի̲סһô¶ǰҲûô鰡
˵˶ÿζֵͦʹİ
ôֵʱ͡

Сùöˣǿ϶ʱαװúáʱ
ԻֲǼʶİܣܿ췴ӦǱ̫ϲ˼ˣԷǵõõȷ˵㣬Ȼܲġ

ô׹ôԻ˵ЩŶܲϲ̼ĳ棬Ȼ˵˵ô

½ͥ

ãûش𣬿֪ûС

ǱܰʱæˣϽŰŰɣ㲻ʻָ˼򵼰Ͱ͵㣬ȸײɡ
ˣ
Ի˵Ƕʱ䣬˼ҡҲ԰ôҪҪ׷ʲôšСù˵ʱ껹ͦϲߣģߣһߣҪǲ˼ȥ

һһ׵ģԻһܶģ
ʣôܡ

ܡšһȻ磬ôᣬôڻûأ

Ի֣

ȻƼӹӲŻĿıܰͨѶˡ
һ
׷ôΪ˭Ƶģûϲġ

Ǳ½ͥȴд󶨣ܿһԵļƻֻơ
֮ǰҵ黹ý

ʼоԺֻǵһĽչȴϹ
Ͼв˰

ʱ䣬Ҳ½ҺԵʱ䡣
ԱԭżϾƶ½Ǳû֤ݡ

Ԥ鱬¶ԻλоֵˣһЩìܡ
ƽҲ޷ʱֻҪЩװͨڳģôܿͻᷴϴ

ͺ˸гݺ
һΣҾʲôץѱֻҪ֤ݲʵʵģҲȫͬӦԡ

ⳬЦŵ½Ԫ˧˼ˡ
ȴʮֵ⡣

ȴǱ½ͥɫδģֻ̧Ѧֽȥһµ֤ݡ

ЩģȻʮϸ˲ſʼ֡
ΪϷˣȴȴиϵ֤ݡ

ⳬ٣

ⳬɫһ䣬ȴɵֻ֤֧йϵԣ˵½Ԫ˧ʲôʱǣֲ֧ǳԲַӡ

һС
ݺʱʧܣҲ㶪˼µ˳

ⳬҲֻûʧ̬ȥ˾ըˡ
ô°ѱأ

¶ŲܰΣʱ飬ҵѾ˹ȵףǾŵѪҺԻ١
һ꿴ûʲô꣬꣬ء

½ʲôʱҲʼֶˡ
ҧгݵ

Ա̾Ϣһʼ˼ҾûǱƵ·
Ͼоţ½ǱƵ·ֱӷˡԸ׳нʼնǵѪҺ

֮⣬
ϣ֮нǵšⲻֹڣпӰ쵽ˡһˣǻʣʲô

ҾŵĵԽҾȻʮǷѾ˼ĻԼˣɲ½ңһ˳֡
ҲԶû˼Ҿȣʵ

½һУνݡԱڣҲһʱЧġֻҪһ꣬ȵסһЩͬʱǱҲþ죬ֻҪˣûô
˵䣬洫
ɵ
ʲôô

˲ˣоǱܳȥһ˵ڻûץ

ʲôԱվ
ϽȥңһðҵˡҪˣҪʬ

ⳬҲվô
ʵǱߵķزһʧô¡

˭Ҳ֪ͻһĹ˾ܳȥˡ˵Ҳ֪ǵطKVTٳȥУȺҲˡ

Աܹ㣬϶Ϳʼ׼ˡ

ҵ˶ףû˽ӦӦܲԶӦûʲô֤ݰɣ

ûС
˵ǿúϣ۾ῴ˵

û£û֤ݣ˵Ļ˭أ
Ա˵ţȴܾЩš

ʲô飬Ҫˡ









 113 



ߵǸڹ࡭
ʱҵ, ͬõһ𿼽ҵоԺԭԤúܺãһоͬһ, ʲôҲһ̽֡

ڹ˿Ԫ˧ʱƸһˮ

½Ԫ˧½ȥ˺ԺͻѿռǶˡ

Ϊ˭ó, ڹ״̬̫áֲò˻, Ǿ״̬ϵġ

ƺڿޣȴֺЦ, ʹ죬ʮìܡ

ʱ챾ǳȥ칦ġ

ϾһУȵĵһôҲףһ
ĵط, ô, ҵĵطҲ衣

Ȼǵط裬ʱΪڤڤ֮е

һҿƽƽKTV£˭뵽һΥ, µʵĵطء
Ҳ󵨣, ͸ô㡣

ʱᷢҲΪһ, ̫ãԼһ

ʵ̫˵ӣҲģ㿪ʶҾǲΣҪ
Ǹ, ¥ĳ칫棬һСƼŵֱ

ʱҡҡͷЦ, Ȼ׼ջʶô˵ص׵ʵҡ

ʱһ١

ʵҶҪģжʵֻҪģ˶鵽
ʱȷûһ

˽ˣΥ濪ʵҡ

һʵ顭ʱôһɨͷڹࡣ

һڻľ򼤶Уڹı̫ڲͬˡ
ȻһֱͷûܿʱϾõʶͷûãԾͷˡ

Ҳ˷ˣԷЯͷ

뿪ô˵ʱմյ

ڹ൱ʱֱҪ̧ͷȥ˭˵ȴʱҽʱ꣬ھ¥ϡߵĻҸᳯſߡ
һܿǱߵ

ʱڹҲûʱ뷨ʱŵԭȼڵʱһȥģԹһΣͷҲǸʱȥġ
Ȼʱ˵ˣʵںðա

ʱ䲻ˣԽԽҪҵܡ
ΪˣƵʶӡÿһΣһ޹ɥЩˣЩգ͵ˡ

֮⣬ߵ鱩¶߹ԽԽϣȡڵ˼

Ѿû취ˣֻʱꡣ

οҲ֪ʱģԷվ½ңͬҹϵͬˮ
ԷȻϵ˵һİ취

ʵ֤Ⱳȷһˡ
ڹ

˳ܲ˼ġ

½ҵĵϣٲõĻᱻץȥ
Ҳܵȵʱͺˡ

ڹˮ˺һż
ǸоԺǽȥ֪֮ȥĸҶǸһ˽˵оԺ

оΪ˲ϧץʵ顣ЩԱԵǵģЩѹҾеˡȻǶѾˡ

˭Ҳ֪Ǳܴ˵صʵ顣

ǽȥ֮ŷֲԣȻѾ˲ˡҲġ
ҵһеˣڵһ뿪оԺʱ򣬱׼鱬⡣Ȼʵ׼Щˣʼڼжȹһ춯

ʱգĻܲס

Щ˼ҵϵ¹ȥģҿ϶ǡ
νļڣ̽Ƕ¶̬ȡ

ĺҪ鱬µʱ򣬾ѾעᱻҷŹ

ԺһֱţڲоԺڵѰö΢ȥ
ʵ̫ңҵҲòס
һҪ꣬Ҫҵù

ڹȡһֱŵǸ΢
ʱ֪㡣
˵ϴγ˵˿ͻȻôһӦӦֳЩʲôɣ
ϣЩܹﵽ㣬˵ңҵѣڻоԺһоȵЩˣԼѾȴҪһһ

ʱ궼ÿ֪涼ĵЩʲôݡ

˵ͷ㿪Ծ׼ϵ½ͥ
֮ǰͣһ£ڹ࣬ղһ仰˵ˣⱲȷľҡ

ڹһ㶡

ʱԵ飬ռЩ֤ݣҲǣûһ壬Щˡ

˵䣬ʱѾݹһ飬Ȼ󷢸½ͥ

ʱ½Ԫ˧ڷϣոչ˱ĵ绰ǵΪ̸ݵûɢ͵֪顣
ϻ

̫Ѧٶһ£ŵʱЩ
ɸ·½˿ˡ

ʱˣ

һֱͷڹ඼һ¡
ǰҷҪӽƣѾû˯ˡȻʱȴȫ˯ţ񼫶ȿܡ

ڵоԺʱ˻һ֪Ϊʲôˡ
Ҳ֪ˣ½ͥʱҲƴαı顣

ڴ˾ôõЩҲҪһȥô
ʡ

ʱ˵ͷȻ

ͬʱҲͬʱ߸ڡ
飬ڽڴϹ

ڹ˵ããѣܵеĳͷҪΪȥ˳

ʱ꿴ǰˣǰϲ鵽ϡ
ڹ࣬һУҵϵƬǴ۾ºȴЩӱܾͷЩһֻѧˡ

Ȼ񣬾ȻұƵαװѰ֤ݡ

½ͥ򿪹ԣԽƵ˳ȥ
ͬʱѦٴѾΧǴKTVоԺھס˽Ҳȥ״

һνKTVԼ˶һ
ֱǿϵϢǾһ亹

˵ڻûKTVʧ٣ȻȥʵڡһԼ±һǷĺоԺ˭ܲëأ

һ¡һŸ߸ŮԵԱߵĹ֣

˵ҲѾ˹˱ȡůһ㡣
㿴û滹ְ٣ֱӾͱȻʵ顭Ҫ˲ֱ¥оƽ󡣡

Ҳ̫Щɣǿְ٣ʲôè

ô飬ôһ۶ûУ

źűˡԱһ۾ڱҸղžͷˣﶼһںڵĶƾźõġ

ǿʱ䣬ǸպܿЩȻ¥ϢٲͨˣҲֹͨ籨ţĻ֮˸ʲô

õģΧҲоԺǰڴ¥ڡǶͨˣͷݾܳȥˡ

ҸղŻ½Ԫ˧ʱˣˡ

ǵģʱ굱ȻҪ

еĸ߿ƼȻʵʩ磬оԺ϶ҵĸԻʲô˭Ҳ֪
ʱ˾Ͳһˡ

ѹ֮£Щ˸͸˵ܸʲôˡ

Ȼֹǵģ±ܵţʱ䣬ƿġ

ͨоԺһһȺͱ˽ȥһһѺͳ

ʱ򣬴¥ڵļҵȻѾǵˡ

ǰڹܳʱвٳץˣʱҲһһҳߡ

ʮӣߵ˶Ѿץסߡģ¥ϱĹԱһĺʵ֤֮˳ȥ

ʱѾ඼ˡ¥ֻм乫˾ڼӰ࣬ԼĻ˹

ʱ½ͥһˣʼڵоԺȡ֤

ֻվط֪ҾжôɥĲ

ڹܹĵģֻǱɽһǡ
¼˴ӽɿʼ֮ʵ飬Ҳоĺ֮ҩ

ʮǰԽԪ˧ǸһҩѲ˸ϸ
ǰһֱЩڻɣֻû֤ݣԷʮȫڣܶѹûлɹ顣

õȷŵ֤ݡ

ļ¼ʮԣǷҩóȥ׼øԽԪ˧ġ

ϡŹֵҩǶСѦ߹̲סûõԪ˧ϡ

һԪ˧ͬһҲ̫ˡʱ˵½Ԫ˧أֻҪ볹׼ŭ½ңƣͲˡ
½Ҹҿû˿ϵ½ͥˣҪԽһңҲǲܵġ

滺涯ֽţ½ͥߣ˵ҲǺ˵ùȥ
սǹĿʮԣҪ½֮ͥǰһʧ˾ġ

½ͥ󷭣ȻֿһϤ֡
ʱҲˡ

ԡ
ŵĻʺ󣬼ɵĸס

ȻʺҲҸɵġ

ٷȥ׮׮ļǺ¡
ֽҩ⣬ƵҩǺõġҲǣҵȻҲо滺֮ҩֻЩܷϵģ϶ء

ȫòܼ˵Ķ
Ҳȫʵʵ֤ݡ

½ͥɫĿЩ¼ƿߡ

Ӧ¡

Ȼо滹вץʵ廹ûüʵ飬˻ŵġ
ҽƶѾ׼ˣֻȷûΣգһ̧

ץǾ˵ģͱһЩڳ
ߵźŸ룬Ҳǵ˰ѵصоԺסʱ⿪ˣЩƵʱʵ档

˲ըøˡ

ҴˣǰΪᡭ

˵Ҳʲôöֱ̫ˣ

ĿģֱĿġ컯գǬ۹֮ھȻ顭

ôһ׷˺δֱ̫ˣһӶûһö

ʵ˰ɣʱǰϮҸɵģ½Ԫ˧飬Ҳǰɣ

ұȽ֪ЩЧҾŵˣʲôо

ʵֵ̫󣬶˶Ѿ˯ֱ
˵Աֵ̫࣬ĶͨˣǾֵµľ٣ͨʿ

µ˼֪ܲըô
ЩûµģһΣôܲըô

һֱΪΣգǱϾǶԿ屣۹Ҳ޻ڡھȻңսϣȻпܱ˺ˣôס

黹û¶⿴ѱļ¼Щ˶ڱҾ͡˶ǵ۹˲ţΪҵ˽ʵ顣

ЩˣڻɾȥоԱģҲҪʵġ

ֱûԡ

˱ץô˱ץô˱ץô

ըˣֵµĸϽнͨʿȻҲֿˡ
һЩͬ۵ģĸըһЩϽֱϵԱ˿̸ֱӴͨѶʣһͨƿڴ

֮ܶһ仰½˭û⣬Ҫľ
оҩʵ飬̫ˡ
ֱԶûˡ









 114 



鷢̫, գ֮䣬ԱŸոշֳ¶ˣһͨѶͶ˽

ȥǱ֮, ֵµҲÿ֪Ǳɵġ

ʱȻһĶѰʡ

ˡⳬҲάֲסҼ̳˵ȣ̯档

֮ǰѹ£, ֵµľš
Ⱥڼ, ˵ΪʱòҲڵġ

ʲôͬˡ

ʵ, ΥƽҩûѾˡһ½ͥ鶼ҽҲûз̵ϣ

û˻֧ǡ

ڵһǵľΪܵľš

ôⳬٵôܣôҵ˵, Щ˷, Ϊʲôûаѹ¼ȫɾ

˭֪
ԱæһѣҲûմ

ʱ½ͥĶ̫죬ǵ֪ʱطѾΧ, ûüӦǱ߸֤Ѿų
õ, Ƕ, ΪʲôЩϻޱĶ½ͥ

ǾʲôӦҲûˡ

ߣҵ˷׷׳

ô£˵Ķô, ʲôûУΪʲôƫƫҪ顭

ǰôʲôôأ

Ǽڵ۹˵һ޶, Ҳһȥ˸ǣΪʲôƫƫкӲҪЩ顣

ֲҼССֻǸءԭΪûԣϸǸֻ°

ⳬٵĸĸҲУǼߡ
Щˡ
ǰŴҹӵʱһڿ䡣£ǵĴˣ

˵ȻأǰҲû˵ɵôɥĲ鰡

Աһ졣

ƺأȻһû˸֡
ӻ֣˽Щȫˡ

ЩȻưոݣԱֵ»Щ˵ģôֱ֣Ӷ˳ȥ
Ա˵ˡ˸ϳСԺЩ˵ھͱϳңԼȥ

⻰һȫˡ

һ˵ʲôɥĲ˵ĻĵĻҪǵˣô졣

棬ⳬʣүүûа취ô

ԱվĬ˺һ󣬲˵ѰӺ

ʲôⳬٻ˵һ룬ͻȻסϷӦ
ԣԽҡ

ⳬٵϸͨѶ

ڣʱ½ͥڽ֤ݣ׼ȷ˵æŵѦԼ渺ˡ

½ͥҪæֹ࣬ԱǱͨѶˣҲࡣ

ô¶

ʵʮֹע
Ȼ½ԼԼȻˡ

Ի꿣ͨѶʱ

ʱ½˻½Ԫ˧˵飬ԻʣɴͨѸһ˵

Ǳڹڴ󺰴Уƺʮָˣżһ䣺㿴ôˣˡ

½ˣң˰ɣ

ȻԻ꿵鶼ˣǻܲ
СùãǼ˵ţҰүүǱ߶أҰϢ֪ͨǡ

һƬ֮Уϣ½ͥȴһᶼҡ

ȻҲ綯ֶ٣ȳ֣½ҾŵļҲǿѾһЩҪ￴ˡ

ͬʱȻҲϵԽȻ

Ͼʮǰ飬ԽȻҲ֮ܺһ

֮⣬һоȨڵĿͷҲк
߱ʾʱ֧Ԯ

ǰεԱԱ˶ɵˡ
ȷǸҹȥΪϴΰӺӵ¶Ǹʹôӡ
˭뵽أգۼҪˣ

һʱģҵˣã˭ǰӺϳȥġ

ӣûˡ

Աӣȴӿ϶һȵض
õףǰӺҲжԶԶ

ǲ֪Խҡ

ٿԱòᣬôôһӣ㿴ʱ꣬㲻ǶӵڱǸܵ򵼣˼ҲܣΪɶô

רҵϵ⣬һ첻˵һ仰ˡ

˼һ֮ԴãΪĲŽд

Ա֮⣬ʵЩʵҲ£һ֣𽥵˸λ
Ҽһ֮°쵽ЩɼʵȻʱʱģȴҲǸˡ

ɻ˵ĸʱ˸ͨѶ㣬ȻҿǣôҾҪˡ

ʱЩЦҿǣ˭ģ

ҰСظԺͷ֣ʲôҰ׼ңֻҪ鷳ҪʼùˡŶҲкܶ˵ء

ģ֪ܿģҪ̸ѾãͿʼףˡ

˼Ǿס飬Ҳסǵġ

Ѿҳһš
ļٵһѱ߳֡

ЩеȻвȶȵģȻĻʵĿ
ƴǲ˵ۼ̨Ҫǿ϶ҪȥΪԼָġ

½ͥȥϵЩˣǼ٣ıһ¼һΣҵˣ˭ʲôҪܵʲôͷ
ǼٵģǾɾˣǲԩ

Ѧٵ˵ͷ
ֹҲԩԼɵĻ¾Ѿˡ

һҹûмܰһҹߵġ
˵ĵǵĵǣ½Ԫ˧ͼ½Ϣһ£δ䡣

ʱ꿴ȤûסЦ˳

ȻԺվڹ࣬ȴͻȻЦˡ
ڹ࣬뵽ǷƵ
뵽ǸоԺ

½Ҳ˳Ŀ⿴˹ȥ̾˿ԣϣҲַʽĻ

ϼ꣬ͼ߽֮ھ߲鵽鶼á
ôҲùȻô౯ҵ飬ôϢǸƻͨĵо

ʱ߽һˡ
С

һžͿڹ࣬½ֵͥµٽȻǳǰߵһԱ
Եģ֪ҲһЩ

ߵڹǰ˵ǸӢۡ

ڹһ£

ԱţҸܡ

ͬһУҵȻȽϾãڹǡǶŵ֮һ
һϵģΪ̫³̫ҵ˵

һȻд˵Ǹֻϵ֣ҵĺۼ

ʱûš
òܣϾСүүǰĻʵ۸ɵЩ飬֪ҵԱȴͷ۹ȵȷĵ·ϵġ

ò˵ϸͬ뷨˲١
֮ǰαҲ֮ǻΪ˵֤ʵͬԱ޹أֻ˽ԶΪʱЩ˻ִͬ

ֻǺ޲ܴصʱʱԼ

ʱɾԣΪʷͬʱ˸Ѫͷ

һȺҪȫץʱʵʱһֻǸոձΧ

ԱǰԱȥǴΣζ˺ܶ࣬ȴʮֽ

ûסӺҡ
ΪԷߵĲǴš

ȻͬһССȻͬıܴ󣬷ǳ

ÿһռĵвֻܴͬǲֲͬ

½٣ֹһ٣Ǵû
¥Ҳһȫס

ĶǸ¥ȻǺǸѵ

Ҳͬ˶࣬һΪǴжĴ塣дϸƼչǵûֽʵġ
סĵطȻҲЩƫš

ʲôȣСˮӦоУСԺҲࡣ

ÿҶֵܷһԺ䣬ⳬģеСԺ
һһȥǼҵˣ΢õ·˭Ҳ֪ҾȻ޽˰

ӺǴӰӽȥġ

ǲ֪ǣӺһȥǱԽȻ˰Ѱˡ
˳ְ֪ͨ½ͥ

ǰӺ滹еáԽȻ˵
ʱ˵û

ʱù⻰

˵ʵҲǸ⡣
Ҳֻ˫ŵͷܲðӺϢ
˭֪ⷢչ˻Ƶģ͵һˡ

ӺǸ˵뿪ᾪ㣬Աѵ뵽

ԽȻ˵

ʱ½ͥͬʱҿܻбİ
ǰȻأͨҲԶ

ԽȻȥ̽

ûá½ͥҿ϶׼Щ֪֮ǰ޺ˣ϶Ҳ氲˷̽װǸоôôЩû˷֣οССİ

˵Ҳǡ
ԽȻ룬ĳֶǴΣ˵˵Ѿʮˡ

ԭΪǱߵоԺ˭֪˼ѹһΪлһЩרŸЩ˵顣
˵İɣƬضξԲǵ£˷֡
緢ʲô赲ڸ߿Ƽ̽ĶһôЩ֪꣬

ԽȻȻˣֻзۿڣֻҪǣǴӰˣҲ

ҵʱͻȻڵ

ԽȻһ£

ʱ㳶˸ɣҾо̽ԱõЩֶθ߼

ڹ⻰һ¡
˵Ȼ߼豸ôԭȻ͸оԺ淢һĿǰΪֹΪ߼ġ

½ͥû˵֪ʱЩܵġ
ֻޣһֻαװɽ˿ȸġٱô׼ȷķڹ࣬˴ġ

ʱҲ׷Щʱ򣬸֮ǰһֱһֻ۱һֻۡ
ֱߡ

ʱϡ

һ·ȥңҲԶΧҿһȦʱѾҵܵŪˡ
ĲᣬͨһһǰӺõͨһġ

һףƲֹӺһܵĿҲһµġ

ҵһ֮Ӧûˣųڱ㿪ʼķλҡ
Ͼû˭뵽ôĵطһܵڡ

͸ǰĴƽ㣬һһֱ뻧㹻ˣƫƫҪһȫ˷ûҪ
ҵݻأܵûУܶˣǳǽһܵȫ㡣

ʱֱӰܵڴȦȻ˹ȥš

ǣҲû½ңǾôͣ档
Ѿŵòˣ½ͥɺæһ֤ݵôˣֻǱ߳˽ģֱӾץˡ

ʱαһʶɢ˳ȥ
Ϊһ׼һЩˡ

ȻǻҵòУԱϻ֮ɲģһһȥʣǸʲô³̣ܾô
һ˶һ𣬳ֵġ
ʱȴ֣ҲһЩˣʰ

Աſһѵˣл˽
ֻⳬٻаӺˡ
˿̣Ӻŵı

ʱͿϵԽȻ










 115 



ԱϵԽȻ, Ӻţ⹫磬ڸʲô

, ôⳬС

Ӻŵòᡣ
ԽȻͨѶ֮󣬾Ϳſ޵ĳ档
Ȼǲ۵ģûЦһѾǲˡԽȻԱ, ô, Ϊˣ

Աȴɫûһ£ֻǵ㿴˭

ԽȻȻ, ǰӺ
أ

ԽҵѪǽʣģΨһѪԱ˵ɫһ, 㻹ҪĻ, ðҡ

ԽȻЩЦˣ

ӣҲ, Ժӵ˶ڣȱһԱԽҲͬ, Խҿɾôһ
˵, ԽȻȴԽȻ̾Ϣ
Ȼⶼ֮ڡ

ʱͻС˵ʲôǡ, ǵҲԶԶӦʱľ档
˵ܿԽҾɲһ

˶ҾвţҲ˾һ, ̫ԣ˻üʱ
ʵǣʵˡ

ǻ壬ûĺֻǲкӡ

⻰һԱһ£Ѿ֪ˣ
Ҳǣ½ͥô֤ݣȻȲչʾȥˡ

Ȼʱȴ֪ⲻ˵ġ

ôĶº֮ࡣǴоԺļ¼ǲ֪ж೤½ֻͥԿһЩҪġ
ǵԽԪ˧ԻʺЩ

ǸûһԽȻ֡

ֱڲ֪ʵеġ
ǸԽȻҩҩûκĸãȶǰĽãܳԺڶϰ಻⣬ǵҩȴϢҸ档

ԽȻʱСֵ֮ʲôҲ÷ӦôŶԡ
Ҳ󣬻ûгɻ飬ûԼʱ򣬶ȵˣѾ֪ڶ֮

ʱ̲סԽȻۣ˵Щ꣬һС

ϾӣԼ֪Լˡ
ȴһֱ죬ֱ˿̡

ҵĿҲܼ򵥣ԽȻЩɲӵΪʱΪ˽ա
һʲô飬ԽȻԽҺ˵ݡ

Աһŵվⳬߵ˰Ӻߣﲻ֪ĶһѼ⵶

ԽȻⳬٵ˵ȻԽҿҪҲûˡ

ԽȻһۣ˵˵زҲѾȣһʲô

ԱҾڣǰԽҵ˻вٵġ

ԽȻȻңΪ˷ŵõݵʱ򡣶Ӻǣҵġ

Ӻǰļ⵶ŵõɴ۾ֻ֪ңҰ

ԽȻһۣȴȫ۵ǣֻǵҪЮңҳ档ȻδΪֻδѣʱ򻻸ֻҪõʱȫͿһ

ûⳬٵֻ˵ԽҾ󡣡

һԽѪϡ˵㻹ӦлǡԱʮֲҪ˵⻰żʵҵҪҲݣֻҪ˵һɣһЩ˳ԡ

ԽȻԸҲûã½ҺͿҶء

ǾҪԽٽԼ취ˡⳬٵ˵ʱ½ߵͦͦΡ

ԽȻͻȻЦˡ
ֲá

ⳬ٣ֲʲô

ֲЩ֪㣬һֱͬ½Ԫ˧䲻ȣûҪܺ˼ԽȻ롣
Ȼ͹ôһŵˣڴϹȻ

Էδ֪ô࣬ǰӺȴֻ֪ҪаӺŦڣᱻǣơ

ҵˣʵҾǵܳҲƱز̫࣬ʲô

ԱͲԽٽˡ

ǵ飬ҲˡԽȻ

ⳬеļ⵶ǰһ磬˰ӺϣΪڸ㿪ЦôԽٽ

ԽȻȻ˵ģĺʲô¸ɲ
Ӻȴŵøˣ磬⹫ҪСңңӦǰɣ

ǰԽٽԱӺҲ򲻵ѣҲסֻҪӦˣҿ϶ǻỹģϾɱȫ޺ô

С壬Сң

ⳬٵʲôԥأҪҲʲô£û췴ֻҪȥЩ˵˵ټһССʧԡ
ʱ򣬾ʣµվɿ࣬ǰ֣½ҺͿҲ岻֣ԽٴλصµҫѪǴ˵ⶼһ׬

ⳬٲǱСɼ̳ģʱ򣬻ˡ
Ȼ
ԽȻ˵Կƣôˣͻʧأʱܻܶˡ

Ρⳬٵ˲㣬ҲΨһֶӣԽҽеĺˣʲô

ˣԽٽԱ
һԽҵеĺһһЩ㲻ʶ˵ԡңֻҪ뿪ҲûҪƲеͬ½ҿҶ֣δĻˡ

ԽȻ̲סƣãܺã˵ƺȫûеܾǡϧ
ǲ˵ʲôĺǲԽҲϽȥ

Ϊ㻹ѡô
ⳬ˵ţֱһ˽ȥ

ӺʱеøңС壬С壬ң

ⳬٺõٴҪԽȻæͣ
ͣȴһʱûпڡ

Աⳬٶ˵ҲסʱʶˣԽòԱԽֱӣôⳬ١
ȷʵǸؼվһһ٣ȥΪɵĲ֮⣬վˣ飬ȻֺһƵġ

һֱôӣʱ꿴ԽȻ˱ۣʣƻ

ʱʱ˾

ԽȻƵ֣֮Ҳ

һ½ͥͨѶˣԽȻ
ʱһ˵ļƻ

ԽȻ棬ȥסҾڵˡһڰΧȦĿӡ

ԽȻʣҪ뿪һ㹻ΪʲôƫҪ

ⳬٶ˵Ӻһ
һ١

ԽȻǵţͨѶ

½ͥ˿λãֶǲʺͻӿĿӡ
ֻȦһȥϵҾڵԽҾɲڿӣֻһġ

ԽȻҲûΪʲôҶɵ

ԽȻ¿һӻУʵ̫Ϊˡ
ǿɹˣҲʵ̫պ͵ɶҲ
ֻҪͲȫհ졣

Ǳ˵ȻҲ

ⳬٵүү֪ͨЩ˰ɣ

Ա˵ͷ͸˵µֻܰƻ뿪ǣǴӵʱԽȻǸͻΧ

ⳬٶʱȥϵˡ

Աп½Ұ̫ɷⷨеĹ涨ԱڵͨѸҲKTVǶ¥һˣǻ鷳ˡ

ӺԱ߿磬ۣ㡭

ġⳬٿҲֻзִ磬ô˵ġ

Ӻ
Ӻ޵һ˵һԽȻء˶ʮ꣬ڵ΢һ㣬һû취һͻΧĿء

Ȼû취ȻӺԱȴǴ˼㡣
ǿɶ½ͥˣɡ

Ӻˣע첻ô

Աȴˡ
Ӻֻܿⳬ٣߿޴Сܣֻѵûүүղ˵ǣǸӣһһͻΧô

Ӻ

ԽȻ˵ˣֻ˵ˮˣͷȥ½ͥˣô˳ô

Ӻ¶ĵ˵ͷԣ϶ܳɹҲ˶Բԡ

ⳬٲͷȻ˭ɱƵġ

ӺеǵΣʶٶ໰Թһߡ۰ʱĳ鴤һ¡

澲ĵģֻʣĳʮԡ

֪˶ãڣⳬܲˡ
ģѪǱԽȻҲģʮӣ϶һжˡ

Ȼʮ֮ԽȻͨѶ

ˣҾԽҾɲײᶯ˴طߡԽȻһ꣬żֻһ߲ߣҪǻӲӺһȥ

ԱȴȻˡ

ԽȻֱӹͨѶ
Ȼ˱ۡһϷˡ

˹թȷЩԽҾɲǲȫԽҾɲЩЩͳһϵˡ
Щһ˵һС

ߣԱֻһѾЦˣȥԼȷһ֪û⣬
ʼ׼ж

ⳬٵ˵ͷͷ뿪֮ǰͻȻֿӺô

šԱ˵Էһء
ǴӦ˻ŻԽȻû˵ʲôʱ򻹡

Ƕ˴ŰӺȥ֮󣬱ſŵˣһ·ߵһССԺӡ
ʱǸƫƧûסԺ棬ۼһѵˡǰʰЩˣڵ۹Ҫְ

ʱ꣺׼ˡ

š½ͥ˵Ͼ۹Ѿȥˣû´Ӧûк֡

ǵġ
֮ܵһ·ߣһ˵ţѾźˣһʼƻһ£ǱǵϣȵźһǣŻңӦǡ

ֻǴһǾҲǸ߸ϵˣǡǵ

Ҳû취飬һˣǵ͵ýӡһ˵ȺˣҪ汻ץˣĸû¡

ûµĶˣ˵лһЩҪΪγʮҪһЩ̫Ҫδʸһ

ʱͻȻЦˡ

½ͥʣЦʲô

Цǰ˵ǵľſΧԷһһˡ
׼˶ˣ϶ǱȲϿҵľŵġ
Բ٣޻ء

ھǱͻΧˣȻǼٵģȻҲͻ
ĿģȻҳЩһĸҵˡ

߰ɣʱ˵Ҳöˡ

ȥʲô
ȻǶˡ

ҵڵصߣ濪ŷƵĸš
һֱȵ˳ڣһѵˣӭΪӳˡ

ѦǰЦԱʲôأúõĻ˵ص

Աʱһ
ڸǲ˻׷ȶģȻʱ˿̣˱Χˣʲôֶˡ

ҿ˿
Ҫ˻ȥ

ˡʱ⻰ܵ棬ҲһŲȻǱ˶˺·

Աŵô֪

ʱͨѶ
˵ϣǱˣҪӣͼԽȻСԴ¡

˵ƻʧܣҵΧ΢Ѿˣˡ

ʲôԱֱ󾪡
ԽȻˮĿûû뵽ҾȻ档

ŵĿ½ͥãܺãǱôĵ۹ս㾹ⶼǵˡ
ȻҲһץӺõһ֣ԽȻأѵɱ˰Ȼô

ô
ԽȻأȻҡ

ʱĬĬĴͨѶԽȻʣǱôˣô˾ϾҪԱ䡣

ֿ˴Ļ棬ӦҲ˼İɣ









 116 



ԽȻǱ̴üֱûѶ, ѷռƣƴɾǷָӶû⡣
ο½ҵڣûôҪ

תһ

ʱתͷ, ԽȻ棬ͨ߿ƼƵ豸档

ҸˣʲôָϽ, ء

Ա˵, ȸӺͱһ
Ӻ⹫㡭

ԽȻȴɫûһ£΢ЦȻ, ﶼµȥ֡

⻰Աʲô
ȴǸô񣬻нŵģɱ˰ӺԽҾ󡣡

, ɱ

ӺΪʧѪ׵ɫ, û뵽ǰºͿ׵⹫һһӡ
ŵôС壬СҡȾ, Ұֿɾôһӡ

ԽȻ΢Ц˵ˣױͿɲֹһӡ

Ӻ𾪵ᶼͣ, ʲ, ʲô

㾹Ȼ֪ˣⳬٵôᡣ

ʲôϡôһ֪˶˾ҪйܵĿܡԽȻǵЦȴԽԽ
꣬Ŷšǰ, ʱһ֪һ͵͵ȥӺְ֡ױͶܺãֱ̫ˡ

Աƾҵ, ׼ҸҴã

ǰԱôɣҲỳɡϾSôΪԳ˶пװ񿴵ʮˡױͲУʲô˴ҶĳǸ
װģͷĵҲеġ

ǸʱͲһЩʣܶ飬һ˻ɣǸġ

Һķ˼ڻ϶ֽôϣٵԶܱġ

ⳬҧгݣǰ׼ңױֱͣ²ࡣ

⵹ǡԽȻ˵Ӹаһ仰ͱʱ̽˰Ӻ

ԱףΪʲôôЩ½ҸԽҶǲԶȴͻȻ׽
ȴԭǶ֪ܡ

ⳬȲסһĳˣʱ꣬ʱ꣬ô

ԱŶ˵Ѿ̨İԱҲ֪顣ԽȻϧ侮ʯ̫죬ûɣ

Ա
ⳬ٣

вԱСԽȻп
ҲôϣԱôһ䲻ᡣôڸ׼Ұź·ʱһҲң˼׼ðױ͵˰׼ҵߡ

ʱԱﻹܲס

ְ׼ʱֻǰԱЩʲôһȺɥ֮Ȯԡ˭ϵԷ֪ôһգ鱬¶Ǩŭڱ¶İ׼˶ԡ

ӺȴѾɵˡ

ʲôԽҵĺ飬ȻҶ֪ˣ
ѾˣԽֲҪ׼Ҹ粻֪ܵȥˣԺҪô죿

˵Ψһĺ£ûʵࡣԱ֮ǰ˵ûҪҲ֡
вĵؿڲ˳ȥ

Ҳһ߲ᡣ

ӦǾ䣬Ҳ򲻵ѣûҪҪҶڶ࣬治ô

˿̣ԱףֲûжǵͨѶԭЩصȫһ¡

ˡԽȻȻɻ󶼸ǽˣҲȥҸðˡ

ץסҵˣȻ󰲸ʣµˡ
ʱҾǰԽҾԽݣܹˡ

ߣ˿νٺް취
ֻ־ܡ

ٹһԽȻǱս˷Ϣ˵Ѿˡ
˶ץˣʵ翹Ҳʰˡһ˶߹ʣµô졣

Ѧٿһ½ͥԪ˧Ǳʺ

ԽȻڣ½ͥˣǵ׼ɣ

Ѧת֮Ǳ߾հ졣

ʣµԽȻԽȥ½ûȤûȨȻҲû˼

ʮҵԽҾűʮ꣬ʵ˲٣ײŴѪԽȻȥ֣Ҫ˭˳һЩ
Ҳûǿչ飬ԸĸԸĿԴ򱨸棬ȥĸŵȥĸ

ţʵǱ߱㷢ҲҪ齨һС;š

ε֮£ͬ޹صĶǣԹȥ𲻽
Ϊ½ţ٣Ÿ٣ȥ˻١

Ҳһȥ

Դϴα֮Պոûۡûҵʲô۵Ļᡣ
ҵ飬ǷӦûӦǱ߾Ѿˡ

ǹ졣ոֹ

ՊǱ߿ţɵԽȻҲ̫˰ɣôõĻᣬȻЩȥʵǱߡ

㶮ʲôո̲ס

ε½ǣͷҺԽҶǸںߵġУԽҵܰôĺôø½ҺͿҲ
ҪҶֹη֣ԽȻõٻ˵

ôͲأո롣
ֻҪˣͻң۹ԽҶԽǺ°

ϧˣ
½ҺͿҲʵһֱѹƶ꣬һ㿪ʼո¶ͷǡ

˭֪½Ҹʵ۵ĹϵԽȻܲô
ңε˵ڻصԽȻģʮԽҾšһȫգȻС߹󾫲·ߣһЩԽ޸е뿪

µˣܸøԪ˧ĥϡ

ոû뵽һûûõ˵͵ĵ۹ʵ۳ƶоȨ½Խңͬʵ۴һӾѹԻȨȤġ

ЩԱǣЩ걻ѹƣҲû˵ģ÷˻ʵȨ

۹ԽԽǿȴո̾˿

Ȼ˼ҵЦϣҲ˻ˮӴһˣ״ˡ
ٿϵϢѾǳʱȥǼKTVѳ裬һˡ

ͷʹ˰KTVΧˣȻʰǼҵоԺ

Ҳ̫˰ɣô֪ģɺϰɣ

¥ϿȥϢˣԭЩƵǵоڵһĵģõѵʱ뱬ҰˣĳԵȡ֤ݣӦӳȻʱꡣ

ҡҺ񿴵ʱ˽ˡΪˣû뵽ô¶

㣬ʱ治ʵҿǣͳȥһȦܴôһ֤ݡ

ҪɣҵǷŭòУǶץˡ

ո̾˿ʱꡣ

ƫԱŮ˵ʱҺôࣿҲܰ滺½ͥƾʲô

ոʵڲ˵ȥֱӵʱһϹӶ֪ѡ˭ðɣ

˵꣬׼ȥ뾳ˡ


ͨ˵Ҳʲôأ
۹Ҳ˵ģոʱϵԷҪ֪⾿ô¶

ʲôҰȺӦȫˡ
ǵ
ȻزǹҸХǵŵһǵţͬպ

ɼ׼ĺ֡

ǲһȥǵǵҲǻʽ𣬻ܰһЩϲð顣
ΪأЩǶûôͬԷ磬öԷɹʲô顣

ϾֻҪֵĴˣÿζҵ˭ỳɡ

ֵô󣬺Ҳ٣½ͥһ߼춼æ
ʱ꣬ꡮڡûɶ¶ˡ

ڶ컹ճȥѧ

һѧУܵһΧۡ
ҿ֮ġ

ƻܹ˵лл

Ի꿲⣬лʲôϵô

ʱû˵֪ϵлˣӦΪ
˵ŵ˱ץǽһˣҹƿͷôԼɽҽƲա

ͬѧȻҲʮֺε飬׷׹

ʱ㶼˵ˡ
Ȼôϵڹ漰ʶûᣬֻ˷ԣϽ˴ȥһʲŵ֪ôɥĲ顣

һ˵ڹպҲ죬˵ڵʱҪܡ
ʲôɡ

һе˶ҵ顣

Ӻ³ȻҲ֪ˣ˵ȻûֻֽҽƲˡ
ؿɱϴμһͱǻأϾϵʱãѪû

ڻõҽƷãԼԼԺҪô졣

ϵһ°ױͣһ͸նˡȻϵϣױҲˡ

Ͼһ׼˾Ҳ֪ˣʱһ¾òٸӺϵ
Ҷˣһô졣

ȻЩʱˡ

еУ԰СһһģûôõУ԰
ôһ·ԽԽƫɣǰе

ŵ
ԼЩϤӷӦͣȴûüţѾȥˡ

ײˡ

Է˶ʱһѹǽǵǸһѽƿվñֱֱģͬѧǸ㿴ʱꣿ

ʱҲϳˣ˲ǱˣǳǸô
ԭɶ࣬˼°

Ǿ͹ֲӰˡ










 117 



ʱվ, ޶˵ԼǰײƱ޵ĳʱ˫ӶϷ顣

ĹڳԷҲûаСҲôš
·úúõء

Ҫ, Ҳûܰ˫ˡ


ⳡ滹ͦεġ

˵ʵоʱ˵ͦϡġ
ϾǰϷ棬ֳҲûʲôر뷨, ȫǻһǲǹ, ǹҪɹײ, Ҳûʲôβε
괳˰СҲ˵Էѹûɶо
ڡ

ȻǸ࣬, ξ, Ǹ˰죬˵˵ȥ

ǳУ԰ܰ, һ§㿴ô¶

Ŷ, ʱ롣
Ի, 罻ˣͨȴ֪ɼùð

ֳ˱ΣʱͲˡ
ʲôŵ, Ȥװúúúã˭̽ĸо
ǰЦŵֵǿ԰
Ȼĳļ, ߣԺԵٳҿճһСʱѹ׸
ڱ˭˭ɶء

˵꣬Цžߡ
ܳ
ںܻ˵˵ҽʲô㣬Ҫ򵼣ŲҴ㰡

ӦģʱЦ

Ϊ飬ʱؼʱЦ

½ͥѵõæ°ЩƼģҲЦˡ
ЦЩ֪롣

ʱĹϵô׵ģ˶һԣƫƫʵǻû˵

ǰһֱæŵҲĬȴָͷ

ǰԻֽޣʱƶˣʱҪʵʩȴԶԶôȻ
޻ǳˡ

ŷŷ硣½ͥ˵ʱûʶԼЩɰͰ͵ġ

ʱһ£ȻûסЦˡ

½ͥתƻ⣬ѧУʲô˵ôЦͦġ

ʱ˵ŶСײСԧ죬ͦȤġ

½Ԫ˧ȫʲôȤġ

ʱ˵ǾԼڳ˰ɣײô¶ˣҲڱ˫򣿡

½ͥüױͻˣ

Ȼǰױ͡
ȻʱӦòĴ

Ͼ˹طﶼˣӺӶˣ˭뵽ûء
ԩԩ

ϸڵȻ˵ʱһ̹Χתɳһת̾Ϣϰ壬㲻ģˣСʱ϶ûɹ顣

½ͥһ⡭

ʱʱ˹ȥߣֶûסһǣҲɹ

ʵǺеģϣеĵطβ;ǽˡ
ʱһ£½ͥ˸ˡ

ðΣŵ˭ҲĳأǴʱġûһ㺢ôƤ飬ȥҸĸײϡ֮Ұֽݾţء

㲻Ὺô籩롣ʱʡ

Լű룿½ͥûɹ顣ʱô˵ʻԭҪ˵ĻĳɣСҲ򲻿ɣ

ʱʱԼûˣ˭ðСҲǲŲ˵绹ôƿġ
룬û

ò˵ͦߣġ
յ֥ʿhʱСצצһţҶѽ
Լʼһߣһ߳ԡ

ԼıС˵ȻҲͻ˳Ͼ½ͥͷС˸ƾѾһϰߵˡ

½ͥԱ߶ŵСˣ̲ס֡
ûȥͱʱһۣϰ壬Ҳܲ׵ģԼʱ˵ġҶء

½ͥˣǸտʼʱ
ʱȻ󡭡

׼ѹʣӺͬʮʼһһô

˲Լȴͦ𾢵ġֻܹٷŻյƵŪġ

½ͥ˵Ĺԣûǻط˳ȥʱȽա

ãæôЩ죬пա
ʱҲż١

½˴ˣԼңʱ²ȥף˰ɣ

Ƽ½ͥʱ⻭棬ֿǸͻȻЦˡ

ѵðСԱߵ½Ԫ˧˵۶ӻܱƵ÷ʱһţô˭Ļ

½Ԫ˧Ц˵Ҳ

ʲô½˵ܹ鹦Ǹ˭ô˵Ѫ׹ϵ۹ֱû˭ˣһۼҾ;м϶⣬Ȼɣ
Ҫϲ˼ңôã

½ͥ
ʱתתȥģһ֪Ҳ𾢶

ڱбǿ½ͥǿ֮ǿʱǾ͸ᣬ½νСʵôȺûˡ

⹦½Ѿ½Ԫ˧һ¥ˡ

ⶰС¥ֿԺҲԷֵġϲֵĶӴܿʲôȫҲ¥ͨ¥¥
ǵʦģʵá

Ƕȵ¥ʱſ½ͥ
ԭɳ࣬мŲŲչȥʣϰ壬㲻һɣ

Ͼ룬½˵һμǻǲʶûء
Ҫһ飬ǡ
ϰ壬û㻹־̫˳ϲԼ۵ˡ

ʱͷһ˵һЦԱСҲŤͷԴһģͬ˼ֱ

Сӷǹ֣Ц
ԼϲԽ˼ɡ

½ͥһĬȻ⸱ԱģʱƫԽԽȤЦøˡ
½Ԫ˧ҧҧòôСˣǡ

ֶˣʱһ˲˳ƽԼѹɳϣȻ½ֻͥһץԱߵСˣȻ˻
Ͳܹ㡣ˡݻ

ʱһ£ӦЦøˡ
˶ɳ棬ǡϰ壬Ȥ

ȻܺĵİС˴½ͥ˳

ϰ壬еʶߣèϲߵģлﱧġƣëŪˡ
ʱһ˵һ߻һ½ͥ·Ȼװûһ㣬Ȼˣ¥һ˻·㡭뻻ͱˡ

ۣ
ȻЦ¥ȥˡ

½ͥһԼϣȫǡճС׶У϶м󶴡
˭ɵģԶ

ǰͷڸ֣һ˲ð̫ࡣ
Ҳ棬ͷƵģôһ£ҲչֳȫòĻˣʧЦøлûֱӰȫսô

ʱܿʱƺԽԽࡣ

ĥţ¥ϵޱʱһѴϳϴʱǲܿģԣȳȥܵɫŶ

½ͥ
ŷ֣ʱѾԡңƺϴȻٻ·

½Ԫ˧˲䱬죬ȻϽлޡ
ʱȴЦ

ǲԽԽˣȻֹһ䡣
ԽԽ˵½ͥľѾֹܰ쵽ˡ

ˣнЩճƶ

˵ġ
ϾС˱˽˿ȸСָУⷽ涼κ⡭

ȥԼգȻżðӣҲӰ쵽˽֮
ô½ͥϵ·ܱճء

ϸһ룬ǰҲͷֻͷ¶ʵڲʱÿʱ̫ŭԭ

ʱѾԤס
½ͥǣԽܹܵ˻𡭡ǷҲżҲܱܹΣֱӿС˵

Ӧòܰɣ
ʱԡ룬Ͼܿ˭ץһֻķء
ֲɵ԰ɣ







 118 



ʱԾ, ̵ϴ껻·ȥ͡
Ȼ͵֪Ҫ½ͥȥ¡

˳½˺½Ԫ˧С˵ʲôûעչȥСԼᰡϰ壡ҲǻûӦ

½ͥϽ¡

ʱ˵ͷŶ
°Ͳÿˡ

½ͥ˵Ǵ, ȴͻȻӦʱÿһɶʱòҲãҲá

ڶ, ½ͥʱȥҹ׼õĵط򿨡
һվȥ

Ȼʱǲ, ½ͥɣڵʱ϶ǻġ

Ȼ, ʱӦãЬ˾Ѿ˳ȥ

Ȼ
⻬, ѩȻȫѹ, ֵطĸ

ʱܱˣǷģ
ǸҲˣ˵ûܴЬ, NPCã֮󣬾ȻԶ, Ūһ˫צܴЬ

˵ǵһ, ƽǿ˵С档

ʱɿĻһȦȻصԭؿ½ͥϰ壬㻻Ь

½ͥջһֱĿ⣬ŻЬ

, Ѿ˷ˡ
㣬½Ԫ˧ô

½Ԫ˧棿ģѵǰѻ׵ߵô, Щ

ԣѾˡһָָʱ꣬ƣʱҲأġ

谡

ǰĽ˵½ôˡҪ֪֮޹ȥ

˭أ½Ԫ˧ôóͿ½˰ɣɷţӿףεŶ˼ԼǮƾʵţ˭ǰ

ʱҲֻԼǸ򵼣Ҫڱ϶Ҫ׷һ׷ġ

ýҲԼźһһ̧ͷƼʱĻʮ˳˵Ѷȶ
˵զɶᣡ
ϴ̨ұŰĳ·𻹽ǰ

ҵˣӺ˼Ȼͦ۵ģײʱꡣ
ϴǱܵĻѾŸᣬʱڴеı֣ܶԸ˵ô

УУֻè򲻹צӵĻզġ

ȻжԶԶˡ

Ҳһֵ֣ǣϽ
ȻһȺ˾ȥЬ׼ˡ

ٳȥʱͷһۣƺ˰Ӻ
ü־Ӧòǡ

ϾӺոճԺɫ׵øƵģ·飬ô

ˣǸϽܰɡÿʱ궼ֲ˺ã˵ˣûôܡ
һһ߻ߵѣ죬

žûӣ˳ȥȾƲôǵ
˭˭ģ´ȥĶͱ˵ˣ̫

һУʱ굱Ȼ֪顣

Ż㻨
˱ͳúÿҲػ˺ܶ˿

½ͥȦͱˣԼһڱ裬һ˿
½Ԫ˧֪ôģֱӳ˹ȥһһȦ

ʱ굱ȻûܾϾ½ͥˣǰûô˶˼ҵƽɲһܱȵģҲ൱ĺá

Χкܶڿе㿪¼Ƶġ

ûƬ̣½Ԫ˧Ѿȥ

˶˼ʲ֪˭пһ䣬½Ԫ˧˳úʱҲǼѵһʣô

ǰһԼֱһ

ԱߣӺͷһԹߡ
ʲôˡ
Ǹȥ˱ԵǵӶԣôᣬôڶ̶ʱ֮ڱ

ǰ׼ңңԽ·Ҳˡ
һУǴʱʼġ



Ļúһҳ谮Сүô䵽ز

ʱ꣬ʱꡭ
ռҵ˵ֻҪˣˡ

ԱߣһŮû֣㵽ûа취

㲻˵֮ȥֳٳôֳͲһˡӺ

ڼҵĻУǵһҲۡ˶˹עһֱĳȥû˷֡

ʱ½ͥʹʹ֮󣬻ЬȥԶ

ط½ͥѹģۿڱȶʮֺõĵ档
ʱԵúǿġ

ôɲԸ񣬳Եòʱڻʳ˿ڣϰ壬㲻˵¶ô

½ͥһԷ¡

ʱʧЦҲǣ˭ܷϳԷ֮һء
Ͼɶ¶ԲɣԶܲԡ

½ͥɲ
ȴĥţѦ˵ĹȻûʱŰôƯСţ˭ܲء
ǱϷŪá

ʱЦԽˡ

һƷʮֺóԣ̲סֵһء
꣬ȥ˸ϴּ䡣

ȴ룬·ϻһʶ˵ˡ
ʷե

ǸͬѧСľУϴμҾٰᣬԷǱλСġ

֮ƺ֪ĻүӰԧ죬ˣлͼԻͷء

вУŶãµļˡ

ǸֵŮ򵼣Ƽһ¡
ʷեôͥڵģһ§ӵһСȻ仰Ů򵼴򷢵һߡ

ʱ꣬ʱҲףСľ˵ҸС飬Ҳү˵ҽ̤

ʱ겻ôУһۣôҪʡ

ҲҡʷեϽҡͷȲ˵˴򵼶֣Ǵ򡭡Ҳ򲻹㡣

Ѿģл֪֮ͦ

ʱø˶˵׼ȥ½ͥ
ʱʷե˵ʱԺ¶ٹܰɣСľҲˣǻҿɸûɶϵСҰҪҪģƫƫ

ʱ꣺

˵꣬Խֱ½ͥǱߡߵһͻȻͣסǲ£޹Ů

ʷեЦòС
ƺ˵ʲôȴҡҡͷˣˣʲôУ˭ܹܵء

⻰˵꣬Ҳ࿴ᣬֱӾôֿˡ

ʱȥʱ½ͥѾˣʱ½Ԫ˧һǸʷե
ʶ

һСʱ˵򵥰ѵʱ˵һ飬½ͥҲӡ󣬱Ͼ¶ƺʱƻҸҵĺѦ

˵ӦøлҡʱֹȻһ£ǼҲøӰ졣
ϰ壬֮ʲôŰ

½ͥ˵԰

ʱʱȤˡ
ûȥ԰ء

ûй֣ɽһͻȻѣתľܰתȥ԰

˲̫࣬Ӷôš

½Ԫ˧ƻҲ⣬һշѺܸߵġ塯Էĵطƽ񣬵ֳƱ۸ߵ֣˲ࡣ

ϾͬĿǮһزģһ˭ϣȥ˵ĵط

˵ķǱȽϺá

һžͿѡǻ˻·ʱ˻ˣȻһ·ߡ

ǼʵֳĿ֪ͬеʱ꾹Ȼ濴˿зˡ

һʵ͸ΧŵĿռ߽ȥƮϴŵά岻Ʈͷµװá
žͦġ

ǸȥǸʱ½ͥȥ

Ѿǰһ˵İӺͬՊЦһһġ

׼ôՊʵ

ġӺ˵ʱ˿ɶ񣬰Ҷֵȫҽûץľɲ޲

Պ壺
츸׵ϢȻŶ֡
ֱ˷ʱ

˵ʱôʱˣ˭ǶᲢۡ
½ͥô졣

¹Ǿ͵ʶӺ

Պ壺ֲɵܵﲻɡ
ģҽմδ㣬֮ǰҲδҹңǻʶҲʱ֮޹ء

Ҳ֪ô쵽һȥģ㿴ңҿ㣬á
תͷȥʱѾϷȦˡ

ôˣˣǵùՊ

ӺҲ˵粻ʱ棬ֱϸŵĸʱᡣ

½ͥҲȥˡ

Ͽ϶ŻףӦˣ֮£϶ʱꡣ

ӺͻȻ½ͥͻȻˡ

½ͥӵһͨѶѦٴġ
һ¡

Ԫ˧ѦǱߵյһ׼ˣλС㲻֪ȥˡ
Լ뿪ģǵ۹ҪʲôҲá

ǰҵ鵼µ۹ĺܶಿܵ˳ټϲȷԷûûʱǵİΣֹԭеİȫ½Ҳڰæ
ԽҺͻʵֵۣµ˻ûء

Ҳˣô½ͥ

½ͥڵȥҡ
һͷʱǱѾգ˵豸Ѿˡ

ʱԽƮԽߣ浱ȻƽãƮƮ
˶ڱѾܲˣȴǱȲ

ɵŤŤģôԽԽ

ƺʶʱ겻䣬ʹ˸ɫͻȻòԾϽˡ
֡

ʱ꣺

һ룬豸ͻȻͣһ
˲ԭģѸٵĽ䣬¥һĸоôߣˤȥóɣ

ʱ꾪Ŀ׹ˡ
ɶɱʽϮ

Ҳ԰ˤˣǵټЩ
ôѪô
ԲƵѪ

ԶԣΪ򶨵ķʱꡣ䵽һ߶ʱѷгڽ£óˡ
ȻӿռȡߣһĴɳȥ˸ʵҲô˰ա

˳ֻһֻŵִ˸Ƿ

⣿
ɽ׶ó

ĹԱȴѾŷˣô¶ôģ˭ˡ

ҸձһοͲסˣҲûذ

½ͥϵƶһˣѾ˽ȥųī
ȥ˽

īˣȥ㰮˸㻳

½ͥһۣʲôʱ˻ƶ졣
֪ʱ겻£˷ôߵĿУˣĻŵġ

һߣͻȻǸɵģץסˣˤʱꡣ

½ͥȥֻװʵʵˡ
һһŮ
˿ܣȴһ۾˳Պ壬ⲻ뵱СǸô








 119 



Պһ¶, ߵİӺҲ˸Χ

īҲڰеȫ
ʱһ˷סֳǸص豸˻ûܳȥڴܵǼɽλá

½ֳͥ, ϵߵܣñհ졣
ī

õˡīīͽ˸ץ

ֳǱߵҲϽж
ǶҪˡ

Ҫ⣬Ǵ¹, Ҷһꡣ

վø߿Զʱ˵ִһԵĻϵ԰ĵͼ, ָλã߻һĹԱ, һԱ߱ע

һʱ굱ֻһۣû⡣
·ϸһ֪ô¶ųǿļ, ǽһַӶָ

ô, ץס˸⡣

ϾֳھܾЯǹ֧ҩҪġˮĵ⼸ǹظ豸, пûװ
ȻԱŵͲһˡ

ɣһֳĹԱ˵, ʱ, ǲȰſҲÿûˣ費Ҫơ

Ҫʱ˵ҷſûʲôⲻЯʱ㵱ô

ǹԱһ, ˣʣ

ǰ
ʱһ̯֣ղװСĿƲ÷ɵ, Ըɫ֡ûü豸ͱ˽ӣȻ㻹ܿзء

Ա
Աһ⡭
ˣ豸أ

豸ˣȻһһˮ
½ͥùһѳˮһһťֵǰ硣

ģ⿴žˡ

ɵӿ֪϶ġ

ֳĹԱˣӺՊ˶һģɶҲɱʱģ
ǻ˼ҵĺ¶

ȴǶՊ岻ţʱ꿴һĻ΢΢ü

ǵļϽһЩ½ͥһ߼Ϲֳ˵УԱڹʱЩΣ豸ĲԱڣҪ뿪Ҳ˴࣬ߵһȥ

ֳܸϽͷӦǣͷȫ亹
Һ˶ȫˣҪǳʲô¡벻롣

ֳڰȫⷽһֱӣһԤıġ½Ԫ˧˵Ҳûһȷλ

ǵҲͰˣû»ûӦǲǵˮ̣Աֲ˵װ׵ĲҪСģ˶ܸСûˣ

ʮӣֳľҲˣȻϰ塭

ϰʱ½ͥѾץ׼ˡ

ʱӺՊλ֮ʿҲһ˻ȥȻץʮ˲һ

ѦѾ˹
æŸλԱŮأڸԶ

˲ˡ½ͥ˵λԱҲһˡ
ڵ۹ĵӺˣ밲Ȼȥ
ʲôЦء

ʱ˿̣ҲѾֿˡ

ʱǳ棬меģоŵģܻǷֳִ˵ģȻҲùƵġ
Ƶһϴ˹ע

ɶֳ豸ˣ

̫ˡ

ʱ˧һ֮Լ֮ڵ˰ǡ

ֻ룬ʱ޼ֱҲ̫˰ɣܻ⾫ɵľ񺣱ǰץ˼ᣬһ֮ˡ

⻭棬ҪǵӰҶûʶƫƫʵġ
ûĻʱõǻ߰ɣʮּʵϸ˵ˣͰˮпնָڱûܳסģʱһ򵼾Ȼ쵽ˡ

ʱ磬һѾ㹻ǿûе͹ʱͻ㣬ܸ

ԺʲôҶˡ

ʱ磬ǿ÷ࡣ

ҵһֱʱ˲ܸ½ͥһҾȻ˵½Ԫ˧ʲôˣܹʱꡣ

صж˧ô鵽ô£ֳô£Ҫıɱô

ЩֳˣȫʩԲλ



ţ˱˹⡣ų˼ͼǰӺՊ屻ץĻ档

ô񶾵İӺǰñʱ磬ڸֱ뺦˰

ԱߵǸյİɣǹ˼ҹϵǸ

ð˴һˡǶɶöյĹƾǵò½Ԫ˧뺦ʱꡭ

صǸôصǱҪʱ꣬һ۹δԪ˧ˣҩѧţıһЩʱ½Ԫ˧ľû滺ǲҲܵв
㹻ɻɣı

ôһֱעˢʱ겻ϢԱȻҲˡ
濴ԼŮɫͰˡ

²㣬ֱͲá
ҪʱȴſѾţЩˣͨС

ʱ½ͥʱ꣬ڽӴ棬Ǹǵ·ˡ
ϰʱȵˮȻǽһӢµķġ

ʱҾͺһɤӶԡ
Ҳǽֳˣʱ겻ͬǳ͡ˣƽʱʲôˡ
Щ˶ʲô֣ҴŶе˽⡣һͲԾʵʵģҵʱ;ǲ⡣

˼һǰˣҲֱӾƾ˼ҴĲץ˰ɣ

ȻҾʹ򿪹Աı߽ӽɾ
˵ţ򿪹ԣ㿪һƵ

ʱ豸ó⣬ʱ׹

áՊ˷ܵҪˣ˻

ǵȻǰӺȻҲҪϢȻҲûûᰡ

ߣ

Ҫۿ

˵⻰ʱ˽Ŷûһ¡λ·ǰĻһʱûӦſǶ߰

ǻ˵
ʱţͼƵѾβˣ˴עˡ

¶Ҳˡ

ˣллˡʱͷƵһݣܻؼˡ캦ҲûɣͷҰֳſơ

·˵һϲľռ˴ˡ

Ǻˣ͸еñô
ʱͷ

·һʱֱˣ˧ַ軹ܿɰ
ؼ󷽡
һҪһӡ

·ǩ֣ʾЩ֤ʵȷԼ˵ģʵЧ
ȻƵȥƸѦ٣Ȼ뿪ˡ

ʱ½ͥȴû
˿϶ϰɫôôڣô
˵Ű½ͥǱ߰˰ᣬͷȥһҪ͵ģ
ȴմչȥͱһѰס˼ʱһ㶣½ͥ˾Ѿ棬Ȼ

ʱ꣺
ʱ꣺

ʱ˶ɵˡ

⣬ѹ˰űſµֻ֪⡭⡭

Բ𡣡½ͥ˫ֳαϣЩͳʱ꾹˼

ʱ꣺

ǸՊ壬õģû뵽Ȼô
Һʱû£Ȼ

ʱȴǶʱԼ½˽ۣۣʵʱҲ⡣
˵㲻һֱȷܾôԼô˵ÿһô̬׷ߡ

½ͥάǸƲԣĽǶܽʱ̬ȫ۵ףҲܿ˺ö˶˵ģëû

ϣϰ塭㿴ܲܡ˿

յźţ½ͥ˻ȥüġ

ѹ˲ûˣʱԭظҪòôѽϰ壬ⷢռұ˰ɣҪ˵ĵãϴδȻ᳡ҲôΣء

˶ࡣ½ͥҧгݵ

Ŷ
ʱ룬Ҳѹ֣һ˾ҪءȵԺˡ

ֱת½ֱͥ뽫ٰȥ
Сӣƽŵúܡƫűʱɴ۾һ𾪵ģžʹòУ˵İˡ

ϰ塭
ʱ̧ͷʾһͷؿɻء

½ͥҧгݣǿ

ϰ壬⻹ôϰ塭

˵½ͥҪǰ㣬ʱ̱졣
û룬ûסԼ죬ⲻǺ½ϰôӣҶԺӸǶô룬⻹ûȷϵ㡭

Ȼĳ֪ľֱʰˡ

ܳ
⻹½ͥôʶǸ½ͥô

һſʱһԶҪô㣬ҪҰѺͬĵʮٱһô

½ͥû⻰
һ˵Ȼʵ֪˵û̸飬Ե²һ̫ˡ

ǲǿ϶ġʱֹһ䣬Ŀ϶׷
˶ƺ뵽ʲôϽ䣬һ仰˵ǿҲУô֪˼⣬㣬ֵܻӭܾô

½ͥһʱʱҲһʱҪܵģ
ɰ½Ԫ˧Цˡ
˵óȥˡ

ŶʱǿҪӣҾ׼Ҫȥˡ

˵ȾҪȥ·½ͥʱԷ˵һ䣺
Ա˻ֲ壬㡭

ͷֵ壿

½ͥû⻰ȴ˵÷ֵ壬Ҫ治⣬һŰ߷ˡ
ԺеΣʶ⻰˵ҪᣬǴˡ
ȥѦ٣ôˡ








 120 



ǰӺՊ, ʲô͡
ʱ껹Ѿòˡ


һ˿Ҫְ, һҪλ

Ҫְλʱû취ˣֻ˵󣬸Աǣ, ڸܹ, ҲȲ
ǵ۹, ʵʵ

ڰӺǱߣǿȥһ, Ҫʲô衣

ӺһʱһĲʷߺ, ΪʲôΪʲôƫƫôãû

ʱ꣺
ǲ⡣ͷ½ͥ, ôʵ̫ǿò, ϱ˵ѵôô, ʲôס۾ǼôԱô

ԱʲôԱģð׼үѵȲһԵǵ仧Ӻ

ʱҲû, Լʽô࣬¥һһ⻹仧, ȫ¿Ҳû˸˵Լԣˡ
ֻ˵ֻܸһܺõ㣬ɵ㡣
㲻ԱԼȲңΪʲôܰұԵǵĳǿԼġͳݣΪԼҲ֪Լĳʣ֪ԼΨһǿ˵бǿĵطڱԵǴûС

ˣʲôҪ˵ôûˣ滹˵Žء

Ӻ
˵˵ҡҡͷֿ½ͥұãģΪʲôѡңΪʲôҪʱ꣬ѱҹָͻᡭ

½ͥѾţʱȳȥԼ˳ȥ
û⻰ѹӦûСӣԶԶֱӾܾ˵ܲðӺ

ΪԷûн

ƾʲôƾʲôΪҸѪףǼ˶ңѾһϣһϡ

ʱ껹ͷһ֪ӺȻϲ½ͥء
ܿԤԡ̲ס

½ͥţ

ϴξ˵Ӻϲ㡭ŶȻΪ˵ĻᣬǶԵİ
˵ʱ꿴½ͥģ˵ͦˮ

½ͥ

ôһ¼֣ȻΪϲš

ӦøՊЩϵ֪ʶʱͻȻ𣺡ʱץʱ˿ՊĿܲ˼죬ƺ£Ҳû뵽Ȼ顭
Ҫ˵ʹ޶Է²׼ȷΪ񲻶ԣՊͰӺΪӺȴƺųһ㣬˼һ۶û

£½ͥ󣬵һɣܸԱйء

ɲֹУ˶Уϵͨ˵Ķƫ²⡣
ϾһͬץՊ壬֪ģڰǵһˡ

㲻һҲЩϵҲûԩǡ
Ͳ֪⾿ôˡ

úõһԼֱ˭Ҳûϵ
½˹´½ͥûͨѶڼ½Ԫ˧ѶӺһ١

ôôף᲻ҵطֹݵӰԺͦãǵô̼ġ

Ȼ½ͥǲԼ˵ģʱһֱȵǱߵı¼
˸翹ɶû˵ʾǿʱ꣬ðڷۡ

ʱ򿪹һڷ۷ԣȻ˰ɣ˵һֱͦǷġ
ʱأú˵֪֪ΪϷźݻڱץԳŶеһԱΪҺڵõҡ

Ǻڷۣ
㣡
ʱԽԽڵҲûɶˣԽԽˣզЩڷͷˮ

ǺڷҲְҵµģֻ첻֡Ҿ㶯֣˭ҲһĻǡ

Ȼڷۣ¶Ҿû治Ǹɵġ
Ƿ۳
ҲץӺՊôжԹİװڷۣǸô

ԶǴ˵ͻȻԲˣɿװ

Ϣ̫٣ֹ֪߲һ˵Ĳ࣬Щ˾ôѹ˰ӺՊϡ

ˣѾˡ
ϸ˵˭Ϊɶ

Ҫʵǣô֪ʱ½ͥȥֳġ
豸Ȼֳƻģֳ֮ϰֱñ԰ϸһ豸

ԭĿǰ֮µһֶֹΣ˭ϵ⡣
Σ豸ʵѾǰЩֽšʹûϵĻ֮ó£ҲǷַӵ顣

淨ͬԳµԭȻҲͬķʽҲһˡ

¶һ԰Ǳߵĸ˶ˣϽ˱֤ݣ֪ͨ½ͥߡ

ᵽͱտڲԣ½ͥ˵һ䣬ӦǰӺ˵İɣĻ¶ûҪ֪

ϾҲ̫ˣû𣬻Ҫȥ
Ҫ˵ⳬ棬˵˸ʲôûšӺĻ˵˰֮ǰʾ˰ɣ

֪Պһ
ټпԱˣѾˣϢԱ֪ġ
ՊǲɿʲôŸ֪ġ

ֵûˣԲͬӺ֡
ôϵϵģҲǾ仰˵ĵ˾ѣ

ˣԱ֪ġʱͻȻ
ͷ½ͥطôġ

½ͥ˵˻Ǽϲ棬д͵ܳʹȥ֮⣬ʣѾȥĲֳϲģܻӭĵط

ʱһ٣ˡ

½ͥţ

ϵаɣ¸ⷽйص˲š
ʱ˵õ⡣

Ȼ㣬ǡǡǰ˽һЩ
ûʲô⣬ϾǵȷǸζʵĲﵽ̸ʰٷ֮ʮϣȥ˶˵á
ص𶼻һ뵽

ʱ˵ƾĶۣľƵò˾治ôȲϿ϶ͱҺãζҲǴġ
ԲԼ۱ȸߡ
ͨڰУԼ۱ȲҪġϣԶͨռ˴

ǼҾƵ껰࣬½ͥһѾܵһ

ֳͬҲӦˡ
ȥǼֳڱһֱôɵǮ֮ƣʱ˰˲ȥĵط
Ψһĺôž٣Ŷˡ

ôǰֵһᡣ

㱾ÿƼġʱ

Ȼ½ͥȴˡ
棬һҳһʮۡ
˿ѣȴֱ˻ȥ

е˺ܿ͹ˣڻ½ͥĹԱ˶ֽţһʮࡣ
ǱѶƲ˴󲿷Ȼ׵úá

ǰ˸ѵ˻ãǰӺՊ壬Ųס
һڣֻȫ˵ȫ˵ɾ
û

ՊͰӺܿͽôһģȻǴõ½ͥʱҪȥֳϢ

׼һ¡½ͥȥλԱ

ʱѾվ
Ѧ٣ѦȥŪ

Ǿôһ·ȥԱ

ܿŭһߴ绰Ǳߣһ߿ܵĴֱʱ˽ݣһߡ
۹ʲôͬս޹۹ɡ

뿪սھͲ㣬ֱץȥϵˡʱ꿪ڵ

Լһ⣬Ȼ˸λ¡
ϥһ°ͣôԱſھǣɱȷʵкܶô·һ©Աæһ

Աһֱ֪ţҲǸƵˣȴֱӵز
ſڲŵʱ

˰ɣŮˡʱǴõģҺ½ͥȥֳ飬ôϲžҶǽ֪£ôǰ֪ġ

½ͥ˽Ѧٿڵ
˽̽۹Ԫ˧٣ʹȥıδԪ˧ˣԱ¶ɸɵòôص

Ӧ˵ôƯŶԡʱӻϾ˼ģɹǽиɵƯֻԱ̸̸ô

ԱѾ飬Ҳȵ˶档
֪ϵ۱ȽϡҲҪ֤ݣҲδɹ飬ΪҲ֪˵£ͶҸɵġ
ӦȥǸӺ

ѦٵԱʵش𣬲ȻѱƲøɸɾСΪܲƲ̽Ԫ˧Ϣڵ۹׷˶ٰ̽˭Ϣôڵ۹˵ˡ

Աƾ޾ܣƾʲô

ֻ򣬵ȴǣȻ԰Ȼȥ½ͥ

ֻ֮˵һ仰ȴԱ
ǿĵ

ڵ۹˵û˶ûţȴûõ½ͥ١
Ρ
½ͥ˭û˵ʱѦٶҪ˵ˡ

Ա˱ۣȴӲ˵һҶ֪Ļѻ
ǲҪ̫С֮ģѰڹ顣Ȼŵ½Ԫ˧٣ʵ˷ҵġ

仰Ļ㲻ʳˡ

ϣͻȻ˸ôһϢ
Աһ̯֣ĪģҶܲ˼죬Ȼšֻû뵽ՊѾͷǰ㰮裬ԲŸ˴¡

ϢءѦʡ

ԱϢֱӳҹϢ棬Ȼҿûþʧˡ

ˡ
ʱ½ͥͬʱ룬½ͥһ

ҲţԱ
˵ԼŻģֻûȫšûՊƵһǰ׼ֻ˹ȥ

ʱ½ͥûȥ˾ȥֳġ
ֻҪȥˣ˾ͻŻ֡

ΪˣՊ˳ȥȻԴΪɣںʵĻѦǱߴͨѶȻ½ͥжʱֿһ
Ͼе۹սڣǶôҲܳɹ

ʱͲһˣȻѾڴչֹԼʵΪǸ򵼣Աƾãǿǿ
ˣˡ

ֱء









 121 



뿪Աʱ, ߻ڵСһʱ嶯Ｔ޴ǣǾƲôһ, һǱǰӺƭˡ

ʱ˵˵İӺŮȥ
˰˭ҲЦ˭

Ѧ, ڴʲôʱԼՊ, ɵԱͰסŰ, óԺúȶУû֮ǰǲ뿪۹ˡ

Աͬ޹, ŮҲǵ۹˵Ľ

벻, ÿ֤ݡ
ѦһϣЩܾҵͬ޹ص֤ݡȻǺˡ

Պǲ̫, Ա㱾˹Ȼô߲ܵ, ô

ߺ, Աòᡣ
Պ壡

ҧгݣû뵽úõļƻԼŮôˡ
һץ˰ѱ

ֱ²࡭

뿪ʱ½ͥϾֳϸϸһ顣
ƻõĻ˫, ԱͬϵԷȻֱùԣñİ취ҲӦǴˣֻǻǵҡ

ȥ·, ѦʵԱ˵Ļż֣

ʱ꣺ֻϢĿܲԼġ
ȻԷܻᰲŵϽһЩóŵՊ壬Է¡

ǵ˭Ѧٲ⡣

ʱ½ͥһۣͬʱ뵽һ
塣
ֶΣֱʮгǱ߽赶ɱ˵ֱʡ

ֻǰҺͰ׼ңǱߡ
ֶλһ硣

ǰǾһŪ˿ռʯ飬°׼Ұ䡣һΣҲ

Ѧٰȥһ壬¶˵һʱƵ˳һ飬´θʲôʱһÿŪģȫԼ˲Լ˵̨ˣúҷԵƵġ

Ѧ٣
Ҫɣ

ʱǱߴϢԪ˧Ĺû⣬ϢڵĿܾ˾Ǳ߱ˣǵˡ
׼ȥǱ߲顭

ȵȡʱͻȻ𣬡ǸһİɣҼǵҵһҶ󣬰ǲҲǼҵġ

Ѧǰôˣ

ʱ˵ôˣôˡ
ȥ뻨˹̸һ̸˵˳㣬һʷեҲ

ͻȻһ飬ǰû̫⣬ϸһ룬ƺȷеġ

ѦҲûΪʲôͷԸȥ졣

߻ûңʱˣǻԼɵģʲô˵ͨˡ
û˺ǵҲûԱ⣬Լɵġ֮ǰϴ¼һֱû

һΪ¶Ͳ̫ò飬ƻǺܶݶڻң΢٣ǰæһͨ

ʷեĺܿ졣

ŮѻһˣȻǵ档
ͦ飿ʱֹһ䡣

ʷեʱʱ˽̫ðɣȻ˵ֻƷ⣬ûɣ

ΪʱһʼԷʱ˵ǻҵС㣿


ʷեʱһ£Ȼԭ⣬˲٣ҵ£Ҳǣȥˣ

⻰ͬ˵֪Щʲô
ʱ꿴ü˵˵ɣ

Ҳûʲô˵ġʷեһ̯֣ҸҵһӸߵͦ˵ϵòڣͺѰɣԷǮƣһбռڸλС㣬ǸʶģȻǾͺˡ

ʷեͻȻЦˣʱ£֪ǻ˼ҵĺ¶
ô֪ǻС治ʲôˣɣʱұ뷨ҺҲԲ氮ҪҪ˵ţһ٣˵Ҫ˵ʵ⣬Сľ

ʱһֲһ߲ƮϣܻͷȥСľ
ǿ˼ҵһֻ£ԼȴǸʵʵڵС

˵¡½ͥѡ

һڣ˲ˣʷեɫô¶ҪңҲû֤ݣֻ˵켣ָоɡһЩԣҾ֪ҿ϶Ǹרİӡ
Сǰ˵ҵĺûҾ˵£Է߲ƺţô¶

ֻ֪ǲԡ
أһƯǮɿ˵Ůѣʲôġ

Żʱ˵Ļ
С治ϧ¶ֿˣүӰӶǵϵ˵Ŀɲ

ֲȱŮѣСҲ޸

ʱ˵Ȼ
ʱǻûɶëһԴ𣬵Ҫأ

ҹȻ⡣

úõĺǵøԼҸɣ
һҳ£ұҲһ·ˣֻΪСŮǱ߹ϵ׽ŴӦģ¶Ҷ֪

㲻϶ôϽǰȴû˾ô

㵹񡣡̲סʷե

ġʷեȻ㵱ôõûʱֵͱ£Ҳû½Ԫ˧Ȩ͵λ˲˵Ƚɣɶ㣬ûı£˼ƾʲôҰ˵ǰɣ

ʱ꣺
̽ô򵼵ģֱӳȥˡ

ʷեں溰ɱ湫˽𰡣ҳȥҿûɶ¶ЩҲԸ

ʱûֻٴȥ̲ס˶ԡ
ڻˣʣµɱ˴СЩǩȷϿڹʵԣˡ

ǻǱˡ

ΪܸıòѦٵѾŪһ̨ݵĻҪǲһ»ǲ˱ˡ

ûСˣæµѦСܹ࣬ûαװĳ塣

ʱѾеĻˣЩڲڿ飬֮ԼͻȻ飬зӦҵģҲƽġ
էһʲôͬ


ζԡ

ͬнħһණħϵħͬħͬԴƫֲɣħǰʮϷĹЩ

Щڡ־ıױֲصģĹ˵Լ⣬Ҳ˿
ʱֱ̫ˣԶԶĶų

λȻеġͬӴմȾϵġ

мûлүӣȻͷˡ
ʱָָѦǻүӵĴӺСϱ

ʱ꣺
㣬ϵ

Ҳ⻰ɫһ䡣

ʱǣ
Ȼ⣬ʵ˰ɣ

ʱܲ˵йӴĿ϶߲ˡ
ʱ굱һ»ˣһʱ˶֣һͬʱĲ

ϴħȻ󣬵׻Ӱ죬ģǿôģҪǶⷽеˣǰѴһ˾ͺˡ

Ѧٶ˵˽ߣ׼Ѷ

ү˹֪ӺСϱǷʲô¶ǡ

ʱ޿ɷ档ѦٵĿǰ֤ҸûϵλʱҲ뿪

⻰һҵһЩ˶ʱˡ
ô

֪ǼҲӰôǱýô˵˾ɼô죬ɵʧж֪ô

ǲΪǼͷ̫ԼҼǣ˻ɡ

½ֱͥӴʱˡ
Ҫ̫ࡣ

¶ֻǰӺһҺôǣͳ壬鷳ء
ѦҲǽŲմء

ùЩ̲סʱ˻Ĺɼۣ֤ʵǷųȥˣǵĹɷҲδ̵û

ǿǹ壬ͬй
ʲôأһʵˣܻм˲ˣ˾Ĺɷݶûµ

⻰һĻء
ƫǻ֪ʲô顣

˽һģƺ̲סˣ𣬡ҪĻʲôˣ
ǻҵĴϱ

½ͥʱߣܿõ˻ҵϡ
λӺСϱʮϸ

ʱʵҲֵò٣Ҫʱþã̽¶½ͥš

ʱӿͬһŮˣǱͶϣС߾ǵ˼ˡ
ʱĻϷԸСӣ֮дӸܸɣСġ

үӵȻʹӣҪϱþŮɵֵʧͣҪǼ޽ҲǼա

֮֮£һС¾ôɢˡ

Ϸ˵뷨ܺöүӵ뷨ҲѶ
޷ŸȢһϱʱӹŹſɲ͹һȥˡСӾ͸õˣǸŮ˸ϲСӡ

˭Ҳ뵽ǸŮ򵼻Ǽ˽

ʱ¿үͬ⣿

ӦǻϷ˵˼ɣ½ͥ˵ţ˷һҳ
ȻʱǻϷ˵ͷģΪС־ʳɱϷСӣͬˡ

ѵΪ޵ĺ̳ԣƾʲôأѵҵľͲۣͲˣ
ѶڣĻҴ˵

һ¶Ҳûʲô翹ܲʮʹ졣

ҲҰô˵ģ˵ܣֵǴɣ˵ٲܽҵţȻ͸ҳšôֵͲһˣȢˣʱֵˣѵΪҶ£ͻóԿ

Ȼģ¶µ׼ˡ

֮ͬһʱƵȻǱ˵ġʱվˣһ¶

ǸɵЩʲôϵʵ

ҵСϱȻΪϹңԽԽˣֲܳĳš
Цǵıɵģάǵ档

ʱ½ͥ棬ͨһĻɵ룬Գһǣͬˣ

֪ϵ˭ô

֪

㲻֪ЩʲôֲСܲ
ĸҵ˰ɣ

Ŀ޷Ǿǳ½Ԫ˧ȥġ

ȻǶ飬ѵͲ

֪ɣҴӵΣ½ͥ۹ܲתˣֶأӦҵɹ˳ļңҲٵҵܵܵĴڡ

⻰ɰѶòᣬ棬ѵû˼ΪʲôҪǧټƺ½Ԫ˧۹ͬѵûأ

˵֪޹صġ
ܱôʱǶܹһˣɻҵʲˮ̫УˮҲ㹻һ

һ˵˵۹ˣҲʲô
ǵǸǼϵймҵڣʱվܻúܺá

ڹΣΣͬкιϵء

˽ȵ˽
Ϊһ֮˽Ȼϧ𺦹ҵ桭

Сϱܵõɣ˶ɰ

Ҫǵһ޷᲻»ҵľ޶Ƹ˽ȥм˶¶ͱɵͷˡ

Ҫ˵ί˭ûί¡
ֲίôֱίˡ

֪ˣȴôЩ겻ָתͶʲôըȥըô

ǻǵ۹ϲļأʲôΪԼҵ£塣
˼ֱ޴˽˼㡣

˵ԶˣΪһУǼҪֲץ档
Ϊ˱˻ʧʲôǲҲˣĸιƸ⣬涼á

˵ģҪ˭¶ʵء

½ͥүӻǿϣԲɳʲôϾǱҲӰ졣˭֪
˼Ҳѣһֱ˸ġ

֪ԼڸʲôôǸѶ˼ֱҪˡ

ҶȴЦˣˣǻ֪ܲ
ǲùҲˣһҰһֱߣƿ˵һУҪ֪ҲԼ뷨

졣ѶԱʵȥˡ
˭˵Щˣ˵ôģԷʲô¶ʵ

˾͸ȫؽȥϷͥ








 122 



ߵȻܿ, Ȼ˾ԹˣҲû˵ʲôʵġ
ҲȻ֪ǶԻ, ʵһſھܸһ˵ĳ塣

ǱҲûûҼΣҲǣöᱻ˲

ڸҵ, ҲȫǻҴӵ˼
үͽ, ڼ⼸Ǵֻżȥ¶, ϴҾۻ

ӺՊȻͰѶĶ˸׳졣

Ҳûʲôڵġ
ص㹥˵ĵطˡ

Ӧ۹ˣĵ۹ˣҲ֪Ϊʲô

˻ؼʱ, Ѿǿˡ

ʱô, ̧ͷ˿죬Ȼ׼û˸ٴ͡
ȴֳ涫׼ˣ˺üСʱ, ̺һٵʱ

ʱ򣬻˰׼õĲһ¹, ȻַӾϲˡ

ϰ, ŪѽʱСʡ

½ͥ˵ͷ
裿

Ȼأʱһߺһͷһŵϰ壬Ҫǵã㻹ûݡ

½ͥ
׶, ûûݣ

צץɳʰһ١
ҲֻʱŻԵúһ, ƮϼƮ棬Ҳ̯棬ʱĻһ

ϰ塣ʱ֣񲻶Ծ

½ͥջĿ⣬Է
ҪǿһʵڶˣٷҿǱˡ

ʱˣһһ߶Լ
ըһ˲ͼȥһ̵ĳˡ

˯һڶ컹Ҫȥ˻ʹ

иᣬСӼɵ硣
Ϊ׼Ⱥ̨ʵڿʼȨεøĴҲǶ紫һźš

ʵۣٲǰǸˡ

½ҷͷʢʵһȻҲǳһ˸Ķ࣬ʱĴҲͬϴʹкܴĲ

Ȼǻʵ۶ĲͬĿˡ

ϴʱһаӺӲõͼԸȴȫûС
еֻϹϵˡ

δԪ˧ˣʵǿ½ڣʱ걾һġ

½ͥǱ߸ǲᡣ
ôһӣ˭ǲ䲻ȡ

½Ԫ˧½ͬվһЦǺǵʲô

СӼɲСпȻ˶ʵģεտҳôһΰɣ

˵Щ飬ô˵λôҲø͡
ȴġ

ȴﶼƵһߣҳԼ˺½͵ġ

½ͥǧһգָҴ㻨Ǯʵڣϲ
ĿԼСַḻ࣬Ȼȥ˵ġ

һӣҲֻ½ͥһֻ֪Ǯģ˶

½˵ȻǿžƯġ
ɺҲǸ

Ի͵һǼߣԻ꿵࣬⹫һһСģͣģģһһһһ
ŵ棬ǰЩһ𣬷·ͿԼһ곤ģ

ʱأϴС̲˵׼һ𾪵ô

͵ʵΪ𾪡
Ϊʱ͵ǾԿ϶뷨һ벻뿴Ǹʲôġ

ͦһӡ

ɲǰҿ˵ѵҲߣһ»ͦٲһ㡭
һӵȫǸϰᣬǮûٻֽʵĶڶ󣬵
ΪѧҲҪﰡ

СӾԼܵ˳Ķ⡣

˵λδɩȻͬһ㣬͵ĹȻҲǱĲá
̫Ĳˡ

´εø˵һ£Ҳͥһһ֪ʲôǮ
ⶫ˶

ɱһѵϰ˶ˣص֮ĵĿʱꡣ

ȻûۣͱһСѸΧסˡ

ҪЩ꣬Ǿûеġ
磬ҲûôӡŻѹ͵˭֪ıô

˱ˣúҲˡ

ǽôĻӽӦһҲᳵ·
ȻȥʱǱߡ
ĵĿȥ׼´αô˵ˡȴʱ꿪ڱ죬
ôСӣǾ͵̫ôʱ˵ң㿴Ƕһӣ͵СԵ̫ͻ˲ǡ

룬Ϳʯͷð
ҲСġ

۰Ͱ͵Ŀţͼ۾ͻԼ뷨

ͼʱ껹ͳСʯͷŲ㣬ͷǶѾӣͲˡ

ɣ

СʯͷǸԲεģʯģĶɫīɫϸ滹Ż
һСףƺǿӴȥġ

Ҳϻۣ˲ʶʲô
⡭

뷨ܿ棬ֽӹ⡮Сʯͷ;Ծһ̽ȻͨСƷǿռƷ
Ҳˣһ濴Ҳһѵϰ;ӡ

ʱ꣬ҪҪһˣ̲סʡ

ʱһ̯֣Ҳô

ɵǽ¶ô
ĵĿ

ҿϺܶ೤ô͡ʱ˵ˣһ˸ģͣȥˡ

ɣ
⵽ʲô˼伲ࡣ

ȻȴȫЦ˹ȻСĿࡣ

кܶ˿ʱ뷨Ҳ֪ôãڿס
µ׹Ҳֿ䣬ȻҲķеĲͬѰġ

翵ˡ

Ԫ˧СЦռ似ˣѾˡ

ʱЦŵоģ˵򣬻ͷǵ¶

һһԪ˧СӾΪû뵽ԼûĿľʹˣȻǷǳˡ

ڸϸģҲᣬͷȥѦС

ѦҲõָʾȥ٣ôȻѾˡ
滹֣ܿŵ涼Ͼŵı־

ԴּƳɹ½ͥѾǰʱֵõĿռ˻ȫͳһƵĿռ֡

ʱ˼
ҲΪǰĿռõĶнַȻãͬĿƼкܴĲͬ绻ͳһıõĶ

ֿռֳӦԵļռ豸ĶȻҲųˡ
͵֮󣬼ڰ档

Ҷû뵽μһỹôϢжȸߵѾʼ뵽ʱ򹫿ֶʱˡ

ʱ½ͥ˿ѾԶȺȥ˻ʹ԰תơ

ϴһΣΪѾ˶ʱ䣬ϴεĻѾлˣһСۻ
ʱֵڣԶԶȥһƬɫʮƯ

·ʱżл£ֱòС

Ҫ˵۾֮Ҫϴξȥĵ
½ͥʱȥʱ߿վ̲סųСˣ

½ͥҲųԼޣһμִ˲١

ʱ̲סЦˡ

½ͥʣЦʲô

ЦѽʱգգۣǱ¶ҾͲˣϴβǻҷųô

½̹ͥˣܶʱֻС˿ȸѾǽ˿ȸСǻָ˷ģ
˿׷ȥҪ˼ҲסԴ棬ֻܴŵɡ

վڸ֮ϣȥʹԶķ羰
ʱƼԶɽȺɹддͷԲݵȺ

ЩɫѰǰнʱʱɸ߿գȴδעѰ

ϰ壬㿴ֻôòҪժˣһֻˣ

ϰ塣
ƺǲǸøһģ

ôʱͻȻ𣬡µĹʻûأϰ壬Ƿʲ̫á
Ƿϰˣû뵽ǷҪۡġ
½ͥ׽סֵһͲ˲ԣȻˣô˻Ȼ

⡭
Բ۾СţȻ׹һξкôǴʲô˲õĿô

⻹ʶǸӶ˷һ½Ԫ˧ô
һͻߣǲǾͲҪˣ

ۡ½ͥԷſС

ʱ꣺

Ҫô⣿
㻹ǵû¶ô

òױſʱһ¾ǲǱʲô㣬˭ġ

½ͥǰʱҲܡ

㣡
㣡
ʶӦŶ԰ɣΪʲôŷ½ͥҪЩ

ͬ确ѡ֣ΪʲôСҲôã佣޶ǽһͲУ

˰
ҪԺȥ˾ԵðģȻñհ׵Ц









 123 



ڶֵѧ, ʱȥѧУһεܵΧۡ

߽ңԻ, ´Ҷ֪ˣ

죿Ի̲סһߵüëֳ¶ˣǰô

ʱ꣺Ŷԭǰ¶
Ϊǿռ, ΪϮ¶

Ի꿣
, ⡭

֪Һ˧㲻ò˼䡣ʱʣô, Ҳǵһεܺߣʲô񡣡

Ի꿣ûô

⵹û
Ͼ컹æǰ¼ǿ˰ϵİС˵, Ƶ硯

˻ǻɶ, ܰϵĳλɸȻӲޱȣ޼᲻ߡԻ꿵Ȼ, ˵ǽнֲֹϵ

ʱ꣺
⻹Զ󿪡

˼ҡԻ꿴򿪵ʱƵ, ˿ôϸ˭֪, ôһֻץţȻ͵סˣǿ˰

ʱ꣺
ǣΪ̫˰ɣ

Ի꿳˳ǣڱ, ڱҾ֪عƿ϶һ, һһҲ߰ʮ˰ɣ᣿

̩ɽҲںëǾǱȺëһңô

ʱ⻰һԻ꿶ʱͱĺ˵˵ˡ
ֱа˵

㻹治˵ǻдȷʵϧëӰ˵ʵôôûһιƮء

ʱ켸ǲȵĽңô仰ĹϿˡ
Ͻ򿪿α׼ϿΡ

ϱϿΣǱǰ鵱Ȼڼš
ԱȻһֱڿ飬ǱҲƵƵ硣¶ǿҲûãʱ½ң˭ҿڷ뿪

֮ǰңʱŪ˿ռ֣ҪԸһ˭ʱ򿪿Ҫˡ
½ңе˺

ռֵһҪȻҪġ
һ˭ľסˡһ뿴ĸ˲о˿ռ豸дһ˵֡
ʱꡣ

ٿҲֻһ˵֡

ûŶӣҲǱˣһѧҩѧѧ

ֵ𾪵һЩˣȻѸٷɢ

ԱȻҲˣԽãûɱʱ꣬һʧ
ȻûՊͰӺһɳȥҲδһɹȴǣϡ

ɹˣǶԵ۹һĴ
ϧ
ϧǵûɹԼ鷳֮С
ҪՊڲǰԲ֤ԼסǸТŮ

ЩǶԴ±ȽеˣǱ߷ӦҪһЩ
ȵϵʱҲʼѾ˷ˡ
飬һ˷֣ܷܿɢ

˲ըˡ

ʲôʱꣿռ似оģ

˸ҲΣʱ겻ҩϵĸ߲ôܰǧٻ֭Һᴿ¡

ǲдˣ

ڻ룬ռʱһγϣʱóģ½Ԫ˧ҲȷȲ֪顭һֱʱʶôˣΪʲôûء

̫ˣ绹ܿôɾ͵ô

УУȻҲ֪˶ɵˡ
֪ʱѧ֪֮ʶϴδⷽҲȴ֪ôĳɾͰ

ôϴʱʱԷ鲻ҩϵġ
˭ϵأ˼Ϊˡ԰ʱռѾ˰

ѵΪоĿռ֣

١
ˣ˼¶

ʱ꿴ЩǸɴָ˸齱
¶е࣬СˣƷռֵ׹һ

Ϣһͷˡ

ռְǿǣô

ǰһٷһǧݵģʱ翴۵һΣȻʵȴ󷽵һΡ

ҳңҿҡ

ʱ꣬yyds

רҵôֳɾͣʱȷʵòҪҪġҩǿռѧģʱܻôҪǲǸ򵼣ǲǻҲÿʮ

ңϴλ˵ʱԺʲôҶеˣʵ֤ұˣЩ˵붼벻

õô

ǸյŮ˻ʱȣվӺ

ؼôпָʹսôʱԵ۹ҪǰʱĿļֱ̫ˣһʧôһռҩ˫ϵ˲ţһûʱ꣬½Ԫ˧ô죿

ǰʱ겻ʹһºˡǵǴ֪½Ԫ˧ö֣ר󡭡

ʱ꣺
ǿһ飬Ҳӡ

ˣ

ʱȻϴλҪCPдǿһ

ʲôʲôģҿҿ

滰ᵽʱѾٿˣҹˡ
տ̡֣

컹һѵʳ³ɿ˵رóԡ
Ȼ극ԡ

½ͥڶ档

ʱģҹҲֻˡ
ǻһ룬Ϊĳпܻ

ݻ˸Ŀڹץ֮Իгϵ
һ߳Էһ˵š

ʱ˵ϻĳ壬ٻһ
ͽ˵ġ
ϾץֻʱѾڸǵĻװ˼豸֮ģǲܲ

ֻ嶨ȻˣҲصñҪò˵Ҫľϵҡ

Ҫľǰֻҳ

ʱǰƵǸСǺܾ׼óǾûá
һʼѦõ򵥵İ취ǹۿеͷҳӰģˡ

ģҲһǳ壬ϾӴҲᡣ
ֹܽӣʱǲЩ˻ûʲô£Щ˾ͻϵ

ץֻ壬оԺǱڼӽо
Լоմ˳˸𣬽дݣϵͷԶѡˡ

һɹѦٵҲһ쵽żؿˡ
ЧҲ߲١

뷨ǲʱ˵ҲǰķӲ򵥡
ϾҪٰĸ顣

̸£ҲԵòˡ

˹ϵĿߣʱȡɿ
ˡͻȻ˵ҵޣ㷢˰ɣ

ڻʹ棬׷ֵʱ½̹ͥʱȦܴԲȦһֻССĽ˿ȸ

š½ͥͷʱУڿԽԽˡ

Ȼ
ʱŲ˼ĳһۣϰ壬԰˶§
˵һߣʱ½ͥ·顣

ʱ½ͥǸ½Ԫ˧Ҳκβ졣ڣѱ˸å

컹ÿ½֪֪ͥ˼ڲҪɶ
ף

½ͥû뵽ա

ǣ
ʱ꣺ֻҪһ룬ԡҾͷˣء

½ͥ˲ˣʱսʱѦٷԡա
ԭôġ

ûʲôʵôʱչ

½ͥ˵Ȼ˵

Ҳǡ
ʱһҲԣҲܸ㡣

½ͥ

м¶ʱͻȻ˵Ҫϲңϰ壬͸ÿʼˡ

½ͥţ

ӵ¶
˵ҲʱͻȻ˵ˣǸеġһҲҲܻС

ܰ
Ȼԭ壬ֻǽԣڣѾϵ¶Լˡ

һʼԭͬЩģȵΪˣںϵһ̣ʵѾˡ

ӣԲסǷȺеķеģ

½һɾ½ͥһ»ôһء
ú밡ϰ壬¥㣬ס
ʱԽ½ͥʱһ£ۼҪ˻ʲôˣһŤˣյ½ͥòֳ֣Դࡣ

ϰ壬аʱü˵ûûݵռұˡ

֪ԽȻ屻ҺѾкô½ͥͻȻ˵

ʱ굱Ȼ֪
㻰أ˸ʲô

ұץ֮ܶ˶֪ˣԺô죬ô˵ġ

ʱգգۡ

½ͥ˵˵Ժһʵ˾ˣֻҪܽԽҵľ񴫵ȥþžС
Ҳôġ

㣡
ʱֹһ䣬ĵҲˣô¶дܳ
ԽȻ֪㳭˴ô

ǳĴ𰸣⡣½ͥ˵ǰһֱԼãҪΪô㡣ȻҵľԽԽߣԺкӵļʱҲͲ󡭡һֱΪӦ֪

ʱ꣺
ֲǼˣ֪ⷽʶ

֮ӵ鲻⣬½ҲǷǵҪһġȻҶôˣôһֱϵҲ⡣
Ҫ֪ǰǻ˶״̬ӲҪѪĻ϶ͽˡ

ʱꡮŶһˡ

ԭѹûôпܻкӡ
ɿɳϵֹ֣߱ȻͶһ䣬ԭǲа

˵֪Լʲôֲԣųʲô¡Ķ˵¥

½ͥ

Сӡ








 124 



֮, ˵ˡ
ϵȻ׽٣ǷףҲûȷݡ

˵, 뵽ӺՊԱ
Ҫǣƻúúõġ

Щǣ
治ʱ

ôˡ½ͥʵ԰Ǳ߻ûҵʲôô

ǱߵȷлͨѶ豸, ѾȥԭˡٵñȽ, һܳɹѦ

ֻһ豸֮˵, ӵ԰ĳ档
ǵ˺òҵ̳ġ

ָǸԱϵ֤ݡ
ǱҲҪͣ˭ָʹǵġ

Ѧٵͷ, ˵ڷۣʺ϶ûʱ, Ҳװڷۡ

˵ͨѶˣһǿԪ˧Ǳߵˡ˫ϵռֵ飬Ҫʲô״, ľű־Ҫô¶Ȼ, ԷͨѶ, ֻҪһЩ

ѽ˵ٵģ㻹֪ܲôЩҲѦٽͨѶһһ˵Ҽʲôأ϶ȹӦԼľţȻǺԽһлʵǱ, ʼЩܸ࣬ﲻǡ
Ѿǰ, ˵ʵʵ۵ĵǺ߶ءٿʵû취ˣϾⶫ˵ǻҲһ㹻ô

ȥ۹ģҾҲϵѯʿռֵĳڡ
ⲻҪѦȥģȻⷽרȥ⡣

ʱʱϵͶҲ˽ͳȥһӡ˽ͼĿռֵ׹˵á
Ȼڻ֪Ǹ˵һغá

ǰĳҩȻҲ鵽

һص˿ռָʮֿģֱӿ˸ֱչʾ
˳ҩʱǰǸ߲ͷҩһͷƮƮȴʱʱ黻ɫ

ȻҸעĻĿռ֣˸ħȻַȫǼٵģ˼ħʦֿߣǿռ֡
ƣտҲɣһƬ

ħǺҲò𴩴Ҷ֪ԭģΪռֱ֣仹ӿ˺ܶˡ

ŷʱʰǣ

ʲôʱҲҲ򵽿ռأ

ڰǰñûʲôûó齱Ҳһ鵽ҡڡֻ˵ʱְٸҸᣬҳһ£һ£һ˶ء

ռ֣ԽʹЩıʱˡ

ԲԼԶʱ硣˼Ҳѣһǳսҵ컨ȥġ

Ȼ˳ȥՊǲģ˳ֻȻıɱ
ȻЩՊ屾˿϶ѾˡУȻܻʹ

ʱՊȻǼΪãӣûɣûлûиֻױƷΣֻбĻˡ
һֱҪԱøȥ

ڸոڼˣȴǱԱһ

ȻƵʱ½ͥȴ֪ԱģȴҲˣѹ˦Ůϡ
һɸ֣Ůôô˭ôɵģô󣬽̹㺦ô

Պ˶סˣƺʶԡ
ţ˲ûôҲûɹƾʲôҲţҿ˲ǵ۹ģƾʲôңңҰ

Ȼû˴ֻл嵽ſʱѣŮʿˣҪͼԽ
Ŵƣ־һҲġ

Պƻ˸
ԽˣٴҲ֪ܳɹðɣ

أûлô˸Ƶģֱ޷
أ

Ůʿ벻Ҫӻˣĳּ˵Ҳǻˡ



ӺȻҲòȥ滹û
׼Ǻ޲øûаϵԱⳬٵˣ֪˴Ҳֻ˵һ䣺Ȼɲ¡

Աߵ̲סǵǲҲûг£˵ԼʵŶҶˡ
ԼԼϾС֪֮ˡ

ⳬòᣬҪǰ˭ô

Ȼ䵽ȾأǵȻûУ˭֪ǺõģⱲӸûܳȥ
ȻҲûевЩˡ

ǳ䶨ˣǱԱڼء
Ѧٵ˵ȻҲҵ֤ݺö

Ի꿵ͨѶʱġ

½ͥʣ£

ңҲͨѶԵſھǣǼȺ˾˾үܹעĸ״̬֪ʱûС
˵Сһϲ߶Ƹˡ

½ͥ

֪Сϲ߶߶ǣȱǮô򣬿϶ϲ񡣡

½ͥܲˣҲȱǮ

ȷԻ˵Դأҵûȥء

½ͥ
ǲҪˡ

ôңҲΪá¾Ҫˣʱ˼һûûݵҳҹô
󣬹һҪһ۰ɣʱǰڼôܣҺãһû׷ѣ
½ҾЩϽнʲôҲɣʱ򡭡

½ͥȥֱӹͨѶ

˵Եܲ߶Щ˵ȴʵǺеġ
ͷǵ취ֳǲȥˣҲʵæǵҸ÷Сɿڡ

׶ˣҲ̸ˣƫƫȱʽıס

ؼҵһ·ϣ½ֹͥ⡣
ʱѾˣڳԶ

Ǻеģս˿ŷ֣øϸ˿ƣʱԵ̵ġ
½Ҳųһóԡ

ó԰ɣʱ˵ͬѧգ˾͸ҳ˵ڻСˣ˿ǲŽϸ˳ֱӷֱֳӳء
ʱţͷԼֳܾܲԿ϶óԡ

½ͥһۣٳһۣͬѧ͵ģͬѧŮͬѧ

½ڲ̧֣ͷһۡ
ʱҲֵ֣ͣ̽ϰ壬⡭ǳͬѧĴ׻Ůͬѧİ

Ҫ˵ŮͬѧɣϾǰ֮ϴСɰ鲻λεǰ
Ҫ˵ͬѧĴײԣϾȡУôһ˵ŮͬѧȫЩ

½˿ֿǸΪСԱߵ½Ԫ˧Сʱǰ棬ô

ǰ򵼡ʱǱЦòС
ϴλһ˵ʲôŮӵĶƨǳԴˣװûģء

Լ½ͥô졣
ֻܸɰͰ͵˵ʡ

Ŷԭѽ½˵һζء

½ͥ
½ͥεĿ½ˣ֣֣ǲǸÿˡ

Թʱ½ͥ¥ߣʱϰԵķųСˣ½ͥҲٳԼޡ
ʱһֳۣһۡ

½ͥлϲȴһƵᣬôˣ
ߣô
롣ʱ˵ȸղ׳Ҳдʵ

½ͥ

Сһ첻ʰϷߡ

ͬǰʱֲǱˣҪǲ룬ץץסˡ
÷ɿ죬һ䣬
þûʹһˣϷҪӮˣ͵ôӦѡ

½Ԫ˧˵
һʱ֮䣬Ժֻ֮һ뷨¼仹ĺ¶

ʱڵʵҪ˵һֶӮ½ͥ治ȷԼһӮ
ҪӮĻǾͼ˰

Ϸ֮Ϸܿ㿪˵һ
Ȼģˡ

ʱ꣺ϰ壬ôݵŸվ־͵ˣ

½ͥ˵ۣһͻȻ⵹ñһô졣

аϰ⣬Ҳ̫Щʱ˱ԣܵ½ͥǰɣ˵ҹ飬ڴжŲ
٩˰죬½̲ͥסҪ֮ǰ˵˾䣬˭ϲأû취ɣ

½ͥ

ʱȴǶԼıʮ⣬Ŷǰʲôӡ

ӮˣӮѹˣ㣬ˣҵֻû꣬ȥˡ

½ͥûзԣԼҲߡ
Ȼ˵ϷֱתһʱϷңȻڳžߡ

ɸɸʲô

½ͥҪôԳġ롯֡

ʱ꣺
ʱ꣺㣡

һҲû飬ôôᡣ

ѧô֪ʶ˿̱ĵϷ½ͥǣôƫƫôأ
ѵ¶ǿ֪ʶնȣҪҪ츳ô

ѣѵļܵȫϣˣ









 125 



ڶһ, ˸Ϣ
ָˡѦڶ漤ʾڶǰȷϵԱϼһƲˡ

½ͥץ˰ɣ

˵ץ, гƤ
۹ǿƣӲһ͵ᶨˡ

ʱԼķڳ, ģҡͷԵ˵, ѱ˿̫ˣȻһᷢ, ԼǸЦ
ϧûţ
һһģȫҪ·ϡ

, һûйӡ

ͷ˿½ͥ, 룬ϰãӮҰ
һǱ߶Ǵ, һôڲ࣬Ҫ˵ӮҶûš

һ¥, ½ͥͻȻʲôʱȥ֤

ʱЩһ̤ա
, ϰ壬˶꣬Լɫô

½ͥ˲һ룬СȰȵ˵һľ, ʵʵһǿߡ

ˣʱһҪ, ҲŰ꣬š

û¡ʱҲòӦģ£һվǵңʲôݶһ

½ͥ
֪

ǾҺ綩°ɣô㣬һô졣
ʱ겻Щ½ͥȴܷЩԡϺѾĵˣûҪΪ¶ǰȨۡ

½˯ˣ˿ļʵ¥¡
˲ҪôаСӿЧͦߣСʱôġ

½ͥ衣
϶Ӻȵġ

ҲûôףתͷǣðãҸ˵˵̡
²ĵ½ˣʱһһ׵ġʲôʱӭףʾʲôģҪˣ¸ȥĶǶǽͷͷǵ

˼ҷ˴ﶬļ¼üʵĵطԼмемҡ

ʱöˡ
ԭ¥˱ţںȣӻߣȴûںˣֻһ˫۾ֱ½ˡ

½ͥҲһ˼죬㲻ĵôôЩô

ΪԺ飬ʱҶӽҪʲôɣܱȡ
Ϊϣ֮ؾ͸ˣЩ굽Σ΢ϵľͶˡ

½ͥ
ʱ꣺

½ˣҴǰͿʼˣµ񻨣Ǹµĸá

ʱ꣺
½̲ͥסǰһûء

ʲôϵ½ֱ״ģ˼޷Ļпôôһ¶ˣ
㲻Ž飬һһ£

ܣ
˭˵ܣ

Ԫ˧죬ʱã⡣·ǰҾȥǼǵ۹õģʱף컻ŴˣǲҪȰ磬粻˵ʱķͷҲСˡ

ʱ꣺
½ͥ

ʱ½ͥ飬ɣԲˡ

½ͥҲһΣһĿǴˡʱӶǽ·ʲôģѾȫĬҪ顣

û֤¡

֤ǰ졣½
֤ɷģĻ˫ӡŪǸϽ֤

֤ʮַ㣬ϵȷϾС
ӣǾ½˵ָӺԱ߾ŵ½Ԫ˧֤£֤

ܿģ½ҾŵĹҲһϢ

Ѧ¶ü˳Щôô졣Ͼû֮ǰǻҺͬʮĺô
ʱСôɵĿڡ

ⲻٵİЧʣ֮ʱ緹ų꣬ûȥѧУأѾˡ

ͦͻȻĸоͷϸ룬һôˣҲװ

¥ĸܣҪǱҪ֮ǰ϶ȶ飬ȻŻ֤Щǻ֤֮Ȩһ·ˣ֤硣

ͣףҸɣ

ճɾ

ྵCPڳˡ

ףʱ½Ԫ˧úϡ

úϣͷϡ

ͷϡ

ʱ꿴Űͷĸֹ֣һҲϣҲܰͷͷϻ࣬͸ɫۼһĻͷ

½ͥ

½ȴΪͬԶԶԣСŮСеôܻϣͷҲԶܱ׵ġ

½ͥ

ƺҪţʣ첻ûʲôô

ԭûеġ½ԺⲻҶڽˣҿɲóȥҫҫôЩȥ껹ǼȨƣӢŵ˵

ǻþµģڼˡ
ʱ꿴ųɣ½˳Ŷ׼Ьһߡ

Ȼʵÿζǲܵġ
½˳ǰ׼ٻҪһСʱȥʱͷ˿µòС

˰ȲҪĽʵˡ½һ߻·һߵϹ˵˵Ƕģôôõôһء

½Ԫ˧ʵۼǲģҲΪʲôӵܡ

ʲôãˡ½˵

½Ԫ˧˵û
˵Сҳ㣬ôûѧôһء

Ǳ½ͥʱȥϿΡ

ʱͷԷɳ侲ͬղ

ϰ壬̫̫Ѩ涼Ѩôһˡ

½ͥε˵˵
˵̫ѨͻģʱȵǸСѾͻ𣬶ǳ˸ǡ

ġʱֳ򣬡û˵ôҲˣʱʱֵġ

½ͥͻȻһ١
ѷԶʻеԶʻʣ˵ģ

ʱһۣбҪ㣿

ǿɲһ
Ͼǰ˭֪ǲҶӡ

½ͥȡԼˣֻУ˶

ʱͷаɣԼҲ֪᲻ʲôëͷȥҽԺ

ë½ͥ

ʱҲòǣһʼͲôġ
½ͥô˵ȷԼȻֱ仯ȴӦ֪Ϊʲôġ

½ͥҵľӦˡ

ʱ䲻һֱôôˣٴƶûˡ
ʱ˵йϵ

½ͥ˵Ǽģֻ½ҳֹ
Ϊ˵½һһܻѪ棬ֻÿϵĶٲһ

ҲΪ½ÿһĺӶǲȴһ
ʱĸǱߣҲʱ

ÿܻһĺӳ
ǵʵȻҲǿ½ͥһѾԤԵжǿȴ߾

˽죬ǼеϵѾ޷ľһȼˡ

ʱҲףΪʲô½ҵĻ׻һ
Ҳԭɣ

ǳǣҲ

½ͥҡҡͷûУǰ汲ǣûһﵽزҲûзôһ˵лⷽϣһȥһ¾֪ˡ

ʱ˵ͷ

ʻѧУʱȥ֮ǰӿռһñӣ۵½ͥͷϡ
ϰ壬һɣȻͷ˶֪ˡ

˵꣬һԾ˷У԰ȥ

УҲ̲סֳ

ʱ꣺

û뵽УпÿУܳˣҲûʱ䣬˿ռ֡

ʱһΪҪ˵½ͥ¶λУϢͣڼǰء

ˡУ˵»֣ȥϿΰɣ

ʱ˵ͷ
ԭ֪˰

ʱͻȻ˼ҽǲҪϲǰ
Ҳû׼ǵǶǣͽͽͰɣ

ܻȥУһС

У

УϡĿĺӣСŮر𰮳ԡ
еС󣬵ζ˵ȽϺõһְǡ

ȻɫҲͦÿϲġ
ÿһǲͬɫǽ䣬ʮСŮӭ

ҸʲôУһ֣ҿǺϲǵô
ǲһ
˵ͦġ

Ǳʱ˽ңһǰϲ
ҶѾϹϢ

ʱҲС󷢵ķַǹ
ƬʳҲһ༶ʳĺ

˶ͦ˵ģ̸ʱ½ͥ顣
˳ɶʱ񰡣

ʱ仹ûأҪȶ顣ʱ˵ϰ˵㶨ʱҵ˾ˡ

ԻЦˣѵСù˼ʲô¶
ⲻϲǰͷ÷

Ȼʱ˵Сù˵ҪȥǸʲôʲôֹǣʱ

ͬѧǶͦĵģֻ˶һߣװ͸ˡ

ʱ꿴һۣǰʮǸ°
ôˣ

ԻҲһۣǰ˵㻵˵㲻ҪŪٷְٵǧٻ֭ҺסԪ˧类ϳʲôġԽԽǿԽԽãұ֤ûɣ

ʱջĿ⣬ʳ

ʱ磬ʳɽôôԵꣿ
̲ס

һͬѧ֪Ҫɢϲİɣʱ綮ĶҰԵġ

ʱЦЦû˵ƽʱ
ϾܳԣмرóԵģǾԡԲԳҲ֣ٶ໹סĴô

˵ϹģСҲҪء
ȻǱ˵ġ

һߣ½ͥñֻ½ҡ

ñһͲͷոմ׼ŵ½ŶЩЦȥ
ΪԴСϸͷϵҲͰˣʮ޵ɫһ֪ԭ˭ġ

Ҳűô

֮£ѦٵķӦȶˡ
Ϊе飬ƵͨѶһ֪ʱɵİɣԪ˧ȥ˵òȵͷȥ

½ͥһۡ

Ѧ졣
в˵ˣԽԽǲˡ

ͷ룬ҲǶǡΪλʱҲǣʶʼһ
Ԫ˧оԺǱ˵ѰҳĳѾڼˡ










 126 



ʱʱ, ½ͥѾһñӡ

ѦҲڣڻ㱨˵˷, ȥæˡ

ȷˣʱʣǷ棿

½ͥ˵ͷȷʵǣݼأλһȷʵһ, Ѫ, ЩȷԳַ, ܻҲпܵġ

ʱСֹΪ

ǡΪǲ˽⣬½ͥͣ񻰴˵е֣СҲ϶Զڵܱȵġ

ʱ˵ǿɲ
Ȼʱļ䲻, Ͼдм, ɶȻ֪ġ
½ͥ޵ģҲͳֻĴСɣٳЩ, ŸС˲һ͵ˡ

ֹΪʮǿ
ԭŻнʱ½ͥ, ʱ򻹵Ūɴɶ, ƽʱŲס

½ܱͥǲͲõô

ǵϣ͸ȿһȻӭܴ˴˭Ƕ
ֲɵ

԰ϰ㡣ʱ̲סֱΪҶ

⻰˵ţ½ͥȴԾЦˡ
, Ϊ㡣
Ϊݵ˵꣬ŰǰõϢ˵ˡȻҳװѾãôϵĳ屻Ҳֻʱ⡣

Ͼ, 㲻ԲȲţȻôӵù޴ڵļء
ϾҲǻҪˢġ

ó岻Է
̰忿ʳάѾˣҪûԣǿܶڼѵذͨˡ

ԡʱ˵ܻΪεħζûеĲһ
ƽ֪ʲôɶʯͷܽθͨ壬ܻεһֻʳѪ⾫
һĴħ壬ʳҪʿ˵ûδйԪԪģԽΪԽԽϲ

ʱȻûԹħ壬Ϊн磬ħǴСǸħ޵ĿľǷųħ壬Ȼı¶ûɰɣнΪ𾪣ȻŶħǵóͨͨѧһ顣
⣬ܼ緢֣ɴ

ԶЩ䡣

½ͥüǵøϽЩ嶼ҳˡ

һΪʳĳϣȻ֪ĿģΪһڳԵĶ¶˭ء

ҿ֪Щ½ͥ˵

ǡʱҿǷˣСɵĽ˿ȸ

ǵȷʵǾ䡣½ͥС

ʱЦˡ

ˣ㳤ǵ飬Ѧ֪˰ɣͻȻʡ

½ͥ˵ͷ֪ˣô

ʱһ̯֣һûƼǸˣǶֵˣҪû˫ץصĺЬƮǵ̫ˡ

½ͥ

˵˵ЦЦĽ˼ţڼҲٴʲôñˡ
ʱ½ͥԴϵǣϿʵʵģѾ״ȷǸһģһ

һ£½ͥץס֡
ԭΪеޣʵûô֪ǱôһķӦȻô

ֻķӦ

ˡʱǱ뻹ܶмǵ

½ͥĵУ
ֲʱ֪ô࣬ԭдеô

Ҳʱкܶܣȴ˷ԭ֮һ
ֻǲ˵ѵĻѣҲΪ˵ĳЩ¾¡ʱʱģԼ¶ʶ

ôҸʲôʱͷǲСģڶһˣ֪һҲûʲôˡ

½ͥŶ

Ҫˡʱֹţʱܴ˰ɡ

½ֻͥ˵ҪǷ棬ܷʲôزĿǰȷпֻǳǡ

ʱȴģ½ͥһܱ
Ͼ׶ӡ
ʱˡ

½ͥԼҲܷɣ̲סϴε鷭ʣҲ֪Ż׳ҲԼȲȵ

ʱ겻ĻߣֻǵԼɸűһôȻǺҪЩ
ŬϽɹ½ͥļ򣬵

˵䣬½Ҳˡ

ɫǸˣһ֪ȥҫò
½˻˲ٶһѻ˰ͻ

½Ԫ˧Ҳһԭò࣬ϰߣΪ
ʱĳһۣһôණʱÿζʳ½˿϶ǡ

Ȼ½˴ŶԱߵķ䡣
ǹϵĿݼ䡣

Ȼʱ˵ǣ½˶ԣĵط

Ӻܴ¼ܣСӣ̨ӵȵȫ
˽½Ķŷŵ˴棬½ѾкʱˣЩСʱϲϲ

ʱ߹ȥһƣز·
ǸֱʯΣҶп

һͲǰԼġ
½Ԫ˧Ҳʺ֣͵һ㶼ǻ껪Ųźÿʡ

ʱЩȰЩֳɵûʯһŴ꣬ͷţ֮ǰá
·ͷ˹ߴ硭½˵´ʱһģϴʱҲû仯һ£Ƚ׼

ʱ꣺û䡣
ҡ

ȻʱȻĻûɶŶȵġ
½˵ܲأҶȿˮһ

ʱ˵ģûһġ
ġ

ʱŷ֣˵ֻҪˡ˲⵱Ӿ죬ʱʱͻõˡ
ڿ鱦ͷҪߴ·ֹһס

ͷ½˹ƻϲϲϲʲôĲáɿ½ͥҺˡ

½Ԫ˧

ǲǲö飬ֱӽͺ˰ʱţɻ鷳ֻһΣڣء

½ͥ

̫ϣʵҪǰҲЩˡ½ǵĶԻЦˡ
ʲôǻ·Σɼˣϰûͬ·ܵġ

ʱ꣺¶

һϡ棬½ûסЦˡ

ʱãֻʯѡ·Ҳʲô鷳¶
ߴ֮⣬·¼һߣһȥ·ͻˡ

Ժһֱˣǰûָ̫٣ʱõʱ򶼲ôá
룬ֱ˷Ѳܡ

˵Ѿָ˷°빦ֹֻҪһܻ·

ȥڸͱ½

ʱ꿴Ŷֻ࣬·ϲģԲᴩģŻ˳ۿԴûô氮ġ

ϸ֣ͲһˣֲĸÿһЩ

½ڣļ·ĸ۸ö˵
ʱֻҪ·Ĺ˾С

鱦͸ˣͦÿϲ
ʱǮĺôֳˣϲĸǾ͸ɴȫˡ

ʱƽջϿΣҲܿ충ˣһ֮

ʱҲûʲô£ȫ̿³ֻȵʱץˡ
ҲΪæ½ͥʱѧ

ܿͱ˵֪ϺǴһ˵ĸεĺá

ȻаѼһʬġ

ʱyyds֪ʲϣҲûǸᡣ뼾һὰӵйΪԼ̫˱˦ģ¹ʱķ֣ڹƳӶ˰ɣ

һ¼һὣɶ룬ֻ봩ûֵʱ򡣡

˵ǰʱرãҲرӣֱˡ

Ľһὣϣңôһѿ϶᲻÷ֿûʱôɣҲ˵׼һ὾ƶȢ˰Ӻٷܶʮ£

ʱ껹һͣ糿ȥģ̸ҸŮģĸͶ¥ԾͲˡ

ʱڷˢЩҲǰԭԼһήĺá
ǲֵ

һطȥ׼ȴ½ͥҲ

ʱ꣺ţ

㡣½ͥ

УʱЦˡ
ǰû̫ע⣬ȴ½ͥʱһֱרעżȵļǸʱᷢ⡣
ȻԴʱҲб֣ոһЩҲרע·ҪĿ֮

ʱֱ⸱ģɵ̲סһƣô½żȥ
Сոտˣ
ͼһή¶

½ͥû˵ƺҪټףʱܿˡ
û̸ǵһҲΨһһ

֪½ͥ˵
֪㲻ԭǸʱꡣ

Ϊұеࣿʱ룬

½ͥȴ˵ֹʶ֮Ĵһңʱգÿ궼Լһ˵ʱҲ⣬ȫûзӦ

ԭ
ʱգҲٵˣֱѹȥ׹˲ͷʱָ
Ͽȥϼǵҡ

ã½ͥЦš

Զɢ˾Źԣ˼вֹϴ֮󣬱ǺܶCP۵Ŀˡ

˷ˣ

𣡡

ҲǮܿôôôô

˵ʱùù

һǿѹֱ˧˹ˣۣ

ͻȻϴʱҪдͬ˰дǿһЩԭڷǣ֪ȴΪˡ

ʲôͬˣҿ

ò˵һ𣡡








 127 



ʱˣˡå, ȥϿΡ
ߵ·ͻȻӦ

ϰ尡㾹Ȼ֪ҲǰǸʱ꣬ʲôԼһήĴף

½ͥأڿϢ

ʱ꣺
ɴøͰװһͰ׸ںȰ, ͬѧ͵ĶԴףҿ˭ҲԴף, ۹㡣

˳Դɱ鵱ȻҲ
ŲĹ, Ѿ˳İװԱߵһ

Ȼλε˵ǶԸģ⻹һĸ, ⿴Ǹõġ
ʱ䣬æľ

ֻҪȳ¶ˡʱ˵ʱȥ, Щ濴ҾŵòҶˡ

½ͥѦ˵, һ¡

ʱѦǲ֪ǻʲô½ͥʲô׵, Ƿ˻

Աʱʱġ

ʱ΢΢һ㶡
ҸλҲͼһ, Ҹʲô
ǵϮȥѰʶԷôõԼٵϢǻء

˵, ½ͥȻŸ߼ɣ

ѦѦٵҲأʱĻԲͷ˴̼˭֪ʲôˡ

ʱ˵ͷ, ȥͨѶвУоУоˡ

λԱѶ, ֤ɽûʲôҲûʲôʵˡ
ǱߵɶܣҲ֪Էġ

죬Ѧ˵ԱͬˣʱڳԷʱ˳㿪˹ԡ
ֻһС֣ʣһ󲿷ȫʳ˴Ϻ㣬˷˿ӣӻع⣬һŹ

ʱ̵ĿŹǣһ߻Աߵ½ͥ˵ϳԻɣܾûˡ

½ͥȻ

Ա

ʱſʣ¶

Աҳ绹صȥģ۹̻

Ŷʱſ죬½ͥոΪϺż֪һ֪Ϊ˸Ĵۡ
Ҫɿ¼ĻܣҪˣ˵˵ûھˡʾ½ͥԼҲԣһ߿һ˵ϾҲͦܵģǰɣԱסؼɡ

Ա
̲ס㾹

һֱʱرһЩͳ嶯ʲôֻԼʹˡ
Ϊξǡ
½ͥѵʱ䱻Ȱ˵ˣ

ֲǲ¡ʱЦһкô÷˻ȥҲûɶ
Ͼ
֪ô㣬ӺŮôһԸµĴ֮ôͰɣһ˱˺ʧʱܻöԷۣ˼߹ͻȻȥǸˤҪˤøصʮǿ׳ȫ԰ôΪһȥֱӹˡ
һ˲䣬ľǴ˻ãУӦòҪ⳥ҽҩѰɣ

Ȱ˵ģȴ֪ԼͷԴ࣬Ѱۡ

ʱһ˵һ߻ԣؼ֪ʲôܣһҲӰ졣
˵վԴ죬Եûʮţ˿˾Ҳԡ

ټʱǷνǱ֮ʱ
Сģ˺ޡ
ؼ̧ͷʣյģҾΪ䣿

һ

㻺˺һԱŵ㣬Ҫ֪һ⡣
ǵûՊͰӺ֣ҵˡ

ûܡʱ˵˵ǷʮʮûáǸҵ˵½ͥӦ֮ǰҸɵ

ʲôء
ŶѵҵڶˣһʮأⶼһˣûɱԱ˶ģȻԼҲ̫

Ա

ˡǱߣͻȻһ֪ʲôⲻģܴ̼ġ
⻰òңյĿ¸Ҫ˰ɣ

ֵܿ԰һѪ
ʱһ䣬תԱôôԷ

ͨѶڹˣʱпǵģΪµҳԷ

Ӧúܺڡ½ͥ˵

ɱң

½ͥ˵ǺڴͨѶ
ֱȡ衣

Ҳǡ

ʱЦԷ⻹ʣأһûԣǵ˷˿һأԵļӡ

½ͥԼߣҺ㲻õӪ⣬ȻֻⲻԲ˾ԲС

ԺҲõġʱ˵

˵ţһٷôˣȻ߳ɽʱĶӡ
½ͥȻоǰܳˣȴԻǱȲʱġ

¥ʳζһ׼¥ȥ˯ˡ
ʱͼ½ͥĹˡ

Ѧ١

ôѦٴͨѶгϢô
ʱ

֮ͨѦ˵Ԫ˧ˣХǵ֧һܷɴ

½ͥˣĽٳֵģǸɵģ

ʱҲѾ򿪹ԣһǱҲϢˡ
һȥһѵǺХ˲˸½ͥһ˼ô

ƣҸɵĺ¶
ˣؾǺХɵģ˷Ҫǲˡ

ǣЩɵʲôءѵ˺Хԭʲôô޶ˡҪΪһֱڹ

һЩеģХǵЩɵĶ¶

ǵΪʲôڵ۹ڻ͸ȫɾǡ

̫ôð죬ôֲ̫װأ˭֪Щǵз¶Сģǲ׷ҪӲ׷˼»ˡ

ҶԸǵĲţȻҲûô

̫շܽôʱʡ

˵½ͥѦϵһǣҪϵǡ

ʱҪͷˢһ£סˡ

½ͥôˣ

ǱѦٵͨѶˣԪ˧ˣХǱѵĹٷҪʱȥЩˣȻĻһСʱɱһ

ͬһʱ䣬ʱҲ˶Էԡ

ʱѾըˡ

ʲôҪʱȥǰһɴ˵ô

ϽӦԷֻʮӾȥȥȥҪɱˣӦ

ʱ겻ȥʱԵ۹ҪԲôܾô͸ǵ

ԣȥ

˵ȥûڷɴϰɣѪ

滹˱ʾǷɴǴӵ۹ҪȥģЩͰܣþȥ£¶Ҳָŵ۹Ȱ

֮ƺƵ߰㣬һӾѾ˳ǧ

ʱ꿴źХǵŹٷվѪʮӵʱתͷԼĹԡ

½ͥʱ꣡

ʲôҿ϶Ҫȥġʱ˵ǼȻգһ¶һѻ𣿡

˵ǲһͨ룺
ʮˣھ͸ȥϵİ¶˵ǣҪ˯˭֪ɶء
ˣЩǸһٵţҪҹȥ֮ǰһɶ£ô˵ԽˣһԽ߿ʼˣôһǸ࣬ûʲôˡ
ȻеˣǸɴһҪ

ţʱ˹ԣԸǱûͨѶѦ٣ȥ׼һ£ϳ

Ȼʼ׼ʳһû˺ö׼ߡ

·Ҳ˺üס

ȫ侲һҲҪȥǵѵˣҪȥΡ

½ͥǱڸ̫շϵ
¶ԽԽǵŵˣǽҵϣǵӦҪȱ˸˽⡣

һ˵һ߿ʱ꣬ԽԽѹͲ¶
ǵôȥô¶͸Ź졣

ХȻһֱ²ȴڴ飬
۳ɹֻҪԺԭʧҲ֣֮֡

̫շǱҪϢҲ֤ʵ㡣

Хܶ࣬ȴӡԵ۹ֲ̫࣬ǳܱһЩС֡
ΣҲ󵨵飬ǳҺǼڡ

ҲǴܣ֮²й׷ŵġ

˷ֹȷǱѦҲܿ찲źһС
;Ѿ׼̣ʱ䣬ʱ½ͥһ㿪ʼա

ⷭСѾϷͨ

½ҵľˣʱѾˡ

ʱ磬Чʣ

ʱǧҪƽ

ȻҲ˵ģ˵¡˵ʱǱһȻĲȥˡ

Ͼ󲿷˶֪ʱ귢ǸֻЩ޷ǵ㶯Щץ˶ԡ

˫òɿСˡȴͻȻЦˡ

ֻ塣
Ȼ֪ͬôץģйǿ϶ġ
ĿܻǸʱɵġ

½ͥѾ뿪ˣô뿪Ȼɡ
㣬ǣǲô

ţȴ˶ʱ½ͥ

½Ԫ˧һ򲻰ϻֱӶ֡

ʱƵ˵һ䣬Ϊ̫ɺϣɣٳ֮ǰȰץˡ

ʱΪǳǸʲôأû뵽׼ܰ

øϽ㶨Ǳߵڶء
ʱ꿴ʱ䣬˻һ½ͥĹ·ĳ壬ֻ־ܵķݡ

ץˣǱȥǰӻϡ
ֱʱܶ˲֪ԭһΣȥĲһҾ

ɣ޳ܣ޳ܣץĳ̲סһֱ
֪Ķȴץ棬ǵÿҡ

ܺãôһλڻ֪ص¶ء









 128 



½ͥ˾֮ʡ
ХǱжô

ûСѦٵʱô˵, ХĿıҲǷɴЩˣӦΪһʱʹ죬ʱ᲻ĸɴ಻µġ

ǾС

תʱ, ʱ䲻ˣôҹҪϢô

áʱһ̲, һߺһ˵ҲҪ˯

Ѧ٣
Ѧһ, ˵ˣΪԼİҹ׼һ൱ٵɡ

֪ıȽ϶½ͥȴһ, Ҫ

ʱ꣺š

ÿȵ𴲣ż˯С

˯ĸо̫ˣԡԷһҪô, ǺóԾͳˡ

½ͥ
, аɣ

ǵش۹ĵش뺣ХǵλȻԶ

Ϊ˰ȫЩǵŶһЩδֻҪٵʱ, ŻϹٷٳǵ

ȻٶҪһɴ죬ȻҲһʱܵġ

ʱڿХϹŵǷв顣
ʮӾҪ, һôɵô
ǰǵŵ, ԶģһĶĸʱǰ

áǼʱ䡯־ʽ

Ҫ˱
ϵ˱ʱûжʱᳳʲôӡ

ǰѽ赶ɱõ˰ÿһ, ⶼԼƵġ
ʵܲȫǣҲҪôһ

Ҷʼ棬⾿λָжˡ

СЩ⡣½ͥô, ԲֻΪһ뿪ǡ

ʱ˵ͷ

µĴΪǱûпٵĿռ涴ֻȵϣʱ˻һʱ䡣

ȵ˵طȻҲкХǵŵټ

ѦŶԷϵʽ˹ȥأ

˵ȻХǱ߳Ǹ˸ǵָſŴʯñŤŤĴš
ܾǺХٿҲܾôùһҪǲܲˣҪЩ˵ֱӴǲô

Ѧ٣᲻ǲܵġ

˭֪ءХ˵Ҫֻ˵ŹܣǾʹ򣬴˵ǺХ׼񣬾Ȼͽȫɱ⣬ǶҲûΪԼ˰

Ʊ硣

һɴڶԷǵʣô

ʱ굥ˣˣ˴Щ滺Ϳռһ𡣡Էˡ

ʱ㻹û滺Ϳռ֣

ҲɣһȱȱǸô죬ܵƷ㹻ʱϡô౦ȲҪиĶװˡ
ǱƺͷˣٷϻϽʱͶ˱û㡭

һǾ仰ʱͻȻӻȥ֮ǰһ£ôǲ̸ʲôȫϡ

ݻһ뱻ĺХǵţ

ѦٳûϽУʱһôȥȥ̫Ʈȥô˵ῪǻῪôľҲԲһܿ˵ġ

ǾټһҪŮģҲ⼸ˡ
˵ţХǱ߷Ƭ

ʱһ۾ƼʶѦҲŮԣҸʮ־䣬½߱ȽǿŮڱ١

ʮ֮ڳ֮ǵ˻ǣôߡ
˵꣬ХǱ߱ȹͨѶ

һңѦٵ˹ô죬˭ȥ̫ΣˣҪαװʱ

ʱ˭αװң

һХͨѶĹ򣬽Ŷϸ˼ҶԻˡ
Ҷвǵǵȷһαװ˵ġ˵ôʱôһģƣҲûơ

׼˫˻ףø˰͹ȥʱ˵

½ͥȥ

˼ҪŮġ֪˭һ䡣
½Ԫ˧ģô˼ҲܰŮİ

гҩͷټŮڱʽ½ͥ˵ٸһģá
һˣǲĻױݣ֣һбŮŮж⡣

Ҫ졣Ѧֻʮӡ

˵úХΪ˱ֶΣֻʮӡ
ȻХˣǲҶʮ֮ûԷ᲻ʲô

ʱвõǰ⣬Ҳֻ
һǲХǱ߹ǽһȺɥĲûԵĶɳʲô鶼֡

Աܿ쵽λ·Ҳֳɵġ

ʱȡһƿҩ½֮ͥһͷ㷢Ȼû˼ʽ

ҺαװŮҪαװ½ģͷûСʱ񡣡ѦһֹһæţǱ˫˻ҲѾ׼ˡ

һһ̨Sףȴƫƫһʱ򶼲ʺóֻȡһܵ͵ȼ˫˻ס

ʱͬαװõ½ͥһ˷
ʱʱһۡ

½ͥ

ϧԣȻ׹ȹͷҲҪ˵ױݻû治ƹ񹦡

½ͥʱֱȽϾ͵ģ΢װŮէһ෴ʮʵǲòûġ

һӣ½֪ͥˣ̧Դ࣬֡Ϣˡ

ХǵǱߺǿűʮһͲ˹

ǿһʱ꣬߳Уˡ

Хǵŵˣ

Ȼٿ½ͥʱûô棬ֻɨһۣ·ȷŮľС

ʱȴ΢΢һ

ԷȻװú߼ƺҲû⡣
һǵô

ҪԻ½ͥ˵仰߽俴Ƿġ

ȻûС
ХǱһƺرùԷʹĸһꡣ

ͨѶ½ͥȻ

ʱ굥ȥʵ׼ǲķʱԼȥƵģˡ

ǣ
ǵôϵϵġ

ǵģҪӽˣɱȶԸȻ׶ˡ
Խûеߣȴ̰ˣʵģҲùƻ

˵ﶼУ˵ǳǲȺֶˡ

ǲ֪Է׼ʲôֶζԸˡ
̫Զʱõʱ淭˳Ҿ㲻ҿɲ뵽ʱعѡ

½ͥ
½Ԫ˧һܲǡ

ɣʱĿһۣ㲻ᵽڻûȷʶҪڻҵĶ֡һս֮ɣ

½ͥ

ǿҲǻᵣĵġͻȻ˵

ʱһ㶡
Цˣϰ壬ûǰ㲻˵黰ԭǼߴȻޡ

˵䣬ѾżĿȥ

Ȼֹ½ͥˣʱһǱֵİ취
ЩǰֻײвûɹʵĻԻѯ̫շǱߡ

εİܴܰʩȵĹ̵ȻҲܡ
ֻ½ͥŴˣ̫շǱҲֻǱѯȴҲ֪ʲôշ

½ͥʻףʱһҲ֪ҪתƵʲôʱ򡣡

ǵģХһλѵصǣغˣ͵ùɣ

ᡣ½ͥ˵ӦÿǵǴ˱Դ

˵ǰЯ࣬пռռ֣ǻٴ٣ǺĲġ
ⲻʱѾʼԷˡ

򵼣ΪںХǰῪ׵飬Ǻ֮һȴͬʻҵʮֲͬ

߲Ӱ죬˼Ҳܴ档

ʱ򵥶ĿռȻǷԶϾӰ쵽ʻҡ

ӼŽʳȻҲúõó¶ȶڡ
Ͼ⣬ϺзִǵȻǴ٣ЩܳԵģðƤġ

޹ǼϣʱʹһСס

ʱһ̵ĳš
÷

ô½ͥ

½ͥҡҡͷǰӪҺ

ʱָ
ܵӪҺġζʵǿҲ

˵к֣ʱڳԶʱϴʱ˯˯˯Ҫ˯ʱһ̡
ʱȴ֪ôģųǰ쿴С˵

ЩС˵澭̫л׳ȻһȻԭʼľ顭ǵĻ

ǵĻȫƻòϴһСݡ½ͥ˵Ȼڲߵ£߻ܱûء
ڵĻװȫװöܳ죬һٶУ˵ܷ

ʱ˳ǣ⻰ҪǷŵλεڸܡ

ټ˿Ҫдһ˯˯˳ԣ˭Ը⿴ʱһɣƵΪС˵оͺôǲҲûҵġ

ȵȣ
ʱͻȻ뵽ʲôʼ鸽

úХȽȻԮĶǣ
½ͥµʲô

ʱ˵ͷܡ

Ȼ÷ųͻȻɱ¶Լ֪Ķð̫оǡ
ɹҲߡ

εļƻʲô

½ͥҾãصӦûȺϡָķ򡣡
˵պХ¸·˹ȥʱǱһ߷һ߻ǿһǿͼ

Ȼһ򣺡ϺɫöΣա
ҪһĪˡ

½ͥͨͬһʱҲǿ
˵ȷΣգֻжĹӶȥвҶеĿʯѿɣԼ۸ҲǾӸ߲£˺ܶոߵ̽ߡ

ʱ㿪飬滷ʮֶӣǻľ˴ŷҲò˵ؼöʱᷢȻΣա

ͻܽ˾磬ؿͻȻ䶯ߴķ϶ĳͻȻȸ£Ųȥ˲ܿġͻ
ؼЩ¼ûʲô̫ԵĹɣֻһЩĹӶҲǳе¡

ʱлɶԷűϷΪΪڵλãȷԽԽǱ߿

ںХٴʱܴ󷽵İϵҵչʾ˳
ɹ溣Х˵ɫ

ȻԷ˫˦һꡣ

ԶǿϺɫΣռ򣬳һ߶ȥ
һأûȦӡ

ǿǼܱٳֵķɴ








 129 



ɴûʲô, Ϊǿ˶һ𣬶ڷɴĹ۾ǰ

ǧ˼һ, ֱһѹһ

ôһ١Хǵŵ˴ͨѶ˵ģûʲô, Ȼ˽ŵѾʵļٷ˵ǾͰĪˡ
, ʱ꣬

˵, ɴӵӦͨ򿪡ͨΪ£׶Խӵġ
ʻ׾ֱӿȥ½ͥȴûϰǰťȥ

ͬһʱ, ʱ΢һ¡

ϾҪԥģ
ԷһֱڸȦװ, ֺγǡ

ôˣл͸Ц⳰

½ͥںӾ˵˵ʱ껹˸Ƿ
ȻȻ, ȴࡣ

ͻȻӰ׼ҵٵǸյģõֶ, ¶Ȳصĸ
湻ġ

лزˡȻ, п˼½ͥһˣԻ˼Ͷˡ

Ͼ۹սأ滹ǵеġ

ʻ˽ȥ˱ߡ

Ȼ沢ûкХǵŵˣеֻһɴǼʾ
󲿷ֶǵ۹, ҲһЩҵˡ

˿̴Ҷһ𣬼߰ģִһ, Ϳһ˿ѽԱСˣСŵʧˣҲ̫Сﲻס֮Աλ꣬һͷ

˵ȻҲòȥô˼ѹһһ׾һٰʮ׳δܲˣο滹ȫ׳
Сﱻѹ棬оѾȥˡ

Ͻ˶½ͥ

ʱ˵ͷȻһ֣Ǭų˼ˡ

½ͥⶼˣ

б޻ʱ˵ϾϴγŴСǣ˼ҲҲͦõô

дιһЩһֱȫϡǰֻûõʱˣȻͷųˡ

һȻǡ

ܿģЩ˶˰ȻЩѹòеģҽͻǰ򵥵İ
ѾʵҲ˹ǡ

ڼ䣬һһֱݺݵĵʱꡣ
ʱ߹ȥʱͻȻ˹

ȻʱȻһͶˣԱ½ͥҲһֱעˣ־ͽץһŤôסˡ
Ȼ˵òУµȴŵòᣬһʧĿߵˣҲǸ˵ġ

һʱ˵ұֵúԣûǸǰ

õĳ˿ûô˵һûԷЩҲá
ԼҳӪҺһܣ֮ʼæչˡ

и۾˹ĵ̲סΪʲô

԰ԱһСӻαװþʧ룬Ȼ˲ôôԡ

԰ôʲôأʱ꿴Ǹ½ͥסˣһעǿעⲻʱıЩɻҲЩˡ
ڱԼ˰ɣɻɻըΪʲôûɣ

ʲôըһ

ŶݺݵըΪʲôû죬Ϊʲôû죿

ǰΪʲôûأʱ˳ĻƵ

û죿
ʲô˼

ûԭӦѾ˰ɣǸ˹۾˵

ʱҡҡͷȻûҲˣʱ졣˵ָ˼λãϰ壬ɣû𵯹ܡ

½ͥһֵΣͷѾʱָĵطȥˡ

ըǣХ˻ûɴ氲ըʱվвʮطȻҲС
½ͥܿһ

ʱꡮһҸŪ𵯻ġ
ϧǰû뵽ֱм϶ҲСϾֻ˿϶Ƕ۵ġ

ǣǸվ˳ѧģûҵûġ⡭

ǻǱ˰ɣԱ˵˵˵Ҳһܳɣŵİ¶Ҿûɹģʱֶըˣɲġ

Ǿǣż¶˿

ԶԶԡԱߵҲŵ

ѧҲԼˮƽһ˲˻ȥ
Ȼͱʱק˳û£ŪСʱըˣϽ¡
Ҫôȥá

ܣô

ǣĲըô

ʱҪ˵ᣬǱ½ֱͥӱһӣеҲ֪ж㣬һġ

ŶŶ֪˭૵ӣĲը

ⲻը˭𰡣

վ˳ãҲһһ˭ᡣ

ԶԶԣææڲը˭֪Ժ᲻ᣬϽĲܰ
Ͼըⶫ˵ģǸģͷǶҲͦ˵ġ

ʱָ£ܿͶˡ
Ȼеըеһ½ͥĴ

źۼĿʱһۣû뵽һ֡

ЩըñըģХ߷һͼд̵עɱЩը

ǽһ̾ģһֱڻûȫʱɵġ

ǰҾʶŶǾɨ֪Щըˡʱ˵Ǵ˲ġ

½ͥһʼһΪαװƭԷ֮󣬻Ϊ
һʼ֪Х˲ڷɴ棿

ʱ˵ͷ

ⲻͦôһһʵģҸԸЩըÿһЩ

½ͥô쵽ġ
ڶú棬һʱرСģְըϵʾӦϾҪը˲Ŷԡ

ըըըǲը
ʱĻʲô׵ġ

Ǻľͱˡ

򵥡ʱ˵ʱ侲ֹ£ԤƵҪ֮󻹱ըֹʱԶᱬը

½ֻͥǵľֹʱ䣬ôᶯҾͣﲻ㣬ֲ𵯷ҲֱӰըڵը˵ġ

ʱϸһʱ

ڶڶڶжڶʱšһжˣʱǲǾͣˣʵǶʱֹͣô
ڵı䲻סôʵǶʳ˵һֵʱ侲ֹ˵ȫǾֹٻҸոֻǰըʱֹˣȻַҪеĿѧߵģûըʱôôŪը

ʱһָ٣Щըͻͬʱը
ԣɴɡ
ʱ˵

Щըʣµͼ򵥶ˡ

ԭеķɴʻԱڣͦҲûѾɶġ
ǺХǱ߸ûǻܻţѹûûõϰ

һճ˽ˣѾָĹ״̬Уڰο˿ͺչ˵ˡ
ټʱЩˣߺָܿʼ溽ʻ

Ҳϵ۹ܹǱߣ㱨λãȻָӣȽ䡣

ʱ½ͥǻص溽ûΣ֮󣬱ٴγ뿪ȥѦǻϡ

ڣܶ˲˽ٺĸо

֮ǰŵòУ˸ʱ껹λŮлˡͻȻӦ
½ͥŮװûϳ

Ҳˡҿżҵʱ磬æ˽أʵǻеԵģʱתô

ҸţʱǸõĽٷ˾ԱߡҸûʱǸݺݵģһΪǺڷء

лʱ磬ÿֿףһ

ϸǵһʱ͵֪˶ȻһɴصʱѾʽŶˡ
ܶҲڵţɷЩˡ

ȫˣͨŵ˾Ƶסˡ

ȹ󣬵ڻûӦأɷãɸĸáȻҪģƵҲȥ
Ƶɷãǲܵġ

Ϣ˵ˣһû٣ļٵġ

ġȻܶ˽˾ƵȥҴˣϾʱɶŽû˯ˡ
Ҳ巢źţȴղ
ǵˣûʲôˣǺͯ򡭡ⱲӼ£λڿС޲Զ

첲ѾˣҽƲսһ˺ˣܾûۣХǵˣһ죬ЩΪ첲ԲҪˡ
PSȷʵˣһ٣ʱ˧ǸһСҲܿᡣ

ǸС㣬½Ԫ˧ô

ƿ϶ǲ½Ԫ˧ȥɡ˵СĺӢ£һһըͲˡ

ͦĬģʱһ䡮ϰ塯Ͷˡȵȣϰ壿ʱΪʲôϰ塣

˵ʱ꺰½Ԫ˧һֱǺϰģеڶϰô
·ʲô˵顣

ȥ·ϣʱЦֱ

½ͥεİɣ
⺰ϰ塣

ûʱ겢ϣǲСĽ˳ˣȻʲô㶼û
˵ԴʣȻЦȴǳ

½ͥ
īѵóŷ磬̲ס廰ڵı飬ֻһ仰˼ǡ㿴ô

Ϊʲôšʱ˵ŮװôÿҵȻҪô߱ء

īеܾﲻԡ

½ͥΪںŪ㡣

ʱЦ
ϰ壬ÿͷȹװܡ

ѦǱϢ½ͥεĴĳ룬ֱӵǰļ˵⣬ûֱ㵽Ǹλ˵ǣɣȴײ˺Хڵλá
ԣ
ѾѺХ˸Χˡ









 130 



ò˵, ֮ϲ

ХڵĵطʵɴԶǿ뿴ŷɴըû뵽

֮Ѧһֱûй֧Ԯ, ҲΪײ˺Хˣټ½ͥѾ˵ûΣա

ǵҲʱͷ, ⶼΧ, Ȼǲ⡣

ֻһ㣬
Х˸ƵġѦ˵һֱҪ

Ǳͽ, ɶ̫࣬ץҲ·һȻѦٻһ, ֱѦϣ
û˲, һ뻹һء˵УԲൽһХ˶ǡ

ʱ½ͥѾˡ

û֮ǰսʵѾӽβʱ˶ó, Ѧٵ˱ѾָŽХˡ

˷óףһڶûС
Ψһʣµ, Ҳֻб½ֵͥεһ

˱ʱ½ͥ˹, Ҳˣ˱׼ȥ

ʱǰ档

ѦٸѦǸںͷû뵽Ϲèײ, ֱˡʱϵʱǱ˵ͣˣһͲ԰, жξܹȥأԼԼһأתͷͿ˺Хˡ
ҺּȴҲ

ѦεΪʱϳԤںö졣

Ƽӭ˹Ԫ˧ʱХ˿ܶëһҪǽײ˵Լˡ

ʱ꣺
½ͥ

ǰ֪ըԸΪХǺХǱʲô֣Ƶòôɡ
˱ӾⰡ

˽ȥʱ˻ţңȥҪ档

棿
õʵĴʶʱ½ͥһۡ
ѵƵĺХ

ܰɣѦ̲ס⻰СҲţŶû취棬˾ˣ

˵׼ʱ˵һձɻңǻܲܵ治ȷ϶ڵġʱ˵

Ѧ٣棬õų

㻹ΪԼ첻á
ħҲֻܻþЩһУ

ӣȻרҵѵԱʡ
һʲ֪Գʹ˵ʱ½ͥǵĶħǴбΪԷ
Ӧǰɴ֮ͥǼһ棬չʾԼǿֶΡ

ˣôͻȻʱ½ͥ֡
֪ȥΣգʹ֤ˣǾҲḴ

˵꣬˵⻰Ҳţ

ΪʲôţۼǸХ˵úõһˣϴԿǹģǻһǰһǹ˶ɸˣϰײһƣٳǺö˶˵һˡ

Ѧٵ˿ʱ꣬ʱô棿

֪Уʱ·ͨ
Ȼһҡͷ˱ʣˣ˳κ˵ģôͷɸӣȻ㣬ȺǰҲ

ʲôء
˼Ҿһ°ˡ

ЩĶԽԽˡ
ʱ˵
ǰֻԣȴֱӹƻ顣

ԽԽǿǿʼˣҲϲȥˡʱ°˵Ұ׼Ҷˣ۹ϲһƬ̫ƽ˿ɿֻ취

Ǿͳ˺Хһ
ڰȽ

´λ֪ʲôԣΪ˲ңǵҵԴͷȻǼµĳ档

Ѿˣһֱأ

ӿʶǿİװٶȣ֮ڣҪеȫװϣ»˾һЩˣ˵һЩ档
½ͥһз֣ԷûжؾӼɣȥʰ

ڡ
⣬رҪԱ⣬ͬһѰټ

û˾εĴͰô׽ƫƫôˡ
ֶڴʱ½ͥ˿˼ƫס̫ˡ

ХǵűѾˣĻ汻ŵϡ

ôоǶô裬ˡ

һɴҲáȻʱ½Ԫ˧ԮʱҲˡ

ֲúХɺ£ôһ;ûһˡҿǿս˵ȺǱɱʽϮģ߲º׽ĻױǴȥ

½ô£豸װʲô³򡭡˵Ǻ¶ɣҲ̫˵ɣ

Ǻ¾Ͷ£ôʲôҵǸ½Ԫ˧ʱô

Щʱʱ̫Ѱҳټ

Ⲣ̫ңʱʶǿҲܰ档
ҲרŵĲװãںԶľڱܲټԲҪʱʶȥ

½ͥÿвپϵҪԶ̴ʱжˣÿھ浽䡣

֮ĺܴ󣬲װôˣרŵĻҡ
Ȼһ룬һЩ׵Ѿõ˿ռ֣Яš

֮⣬ﻹиѵĵط

ʱһһȺΧˣдܱ꣬ȫǼͺǲʵġ

ֻͨȭżд꣬Щʿȴʮ𾢣ԾԾԣȥԡ

ʱ꣬˸˸λá

ʱ˵ͬԵ򵼲ͬҲܴ򣿡֪˭飬ûȤ¶֡

Ҳ׷׿˹ˣʣһһĳܿΪһ֣
˭ԡģ

ʱЦŵԡ

СӦʹ졣
ȴţܴʵԭǱڱҪСҪյ

Ȼȴ벻ˡ

ոȫˣʱ꿴ȴࡣ

һܿĨ˰Ѷͷĺ̲ס룬ôܻܽø죬ֻ̫û˼źӵĳŵڣ
ǵģҪһоͱ򵼷ŵǶ˿Ҫˡ

Ҳžˡ

ɶŵĲ񣬲ڿ˵׾ûȫ
ˡ
Ҳõġ˵һЩˮʱҲûץҿɶɵģ

˾ʵŲаԼҲȥһȻܱͬ

㣬ְ˻ģһһ
ȻϾͱ˼һˣʲô㣬˾͹ԶǴġ

һȺզզĻ֣ͦʱҲЦһһ

ȻȫŰһ顣
ȥԷˡ

ﻳʱôֻ˿ȸ򵼣

ǿɲͨĽ˿ȸ˵Ǹ˵вģ˵ġ

вҲǽ˿ȸܴùݡ˵ⲻ治֪
ǰҲ˵Щȴûһ̣ǸǶô

̲ס૵Ҳ̫˰ɣС˵ôдɣ

Ȼȷʵ

һ˵ԭ򣬵ȫǾֻ˵ǿ
οԼʱû֣򲻹Ǵ򲻹

δԪ˧ˣ˵ţһָ

˵ҲʹϴԪ˧£ǴŴҸҹеľʱ
Ҫϻף㲻ǵڶԪ˧ʱ½Ҿ

ˣǸԳʱ˿أûʲôϢˣ

ѵɣ˼үιԣԶӲ֣Ľˡ

˭˵˵ҪǾţǡ

˵Ǹô

Ű

϶Űǰֵ÷зģô˺ųԪ˧ǸһЩģȴûλôﶼǸڱԼõء

űȣǸڱʱѾ극ˣ½ͥԱྐྵӡ
Դ½ͥﱩ¶ݣװװˣһһྐྵӡ
ٶȶࡣ

½̲ͥסһۣܳԶǰųԣ

ҲöɣʵоˣԱߵϢԣû˻ȥ
ʱ˵ˣղŸı˼һӶ쾪ȵõɳˡ

ҲʱᾪȣľȻôࡣ½ͥ˵

ʱǡ
ˣһǲʱʱСϲ᣿

ֻϣǾš½ͥ´ը飬Ҫǰ˵

Ŷʱԭ˵ģΪҪ˰

Ҫ˵ģ½ͥԶĶ֡
εʣǵġ

µңҪû㣬Щ类ˡ
ͰСҲЯϷʱĸã߼ģɲǹͨصġ

Ҳġ½ͥ

Ϊϲ֪ʱѹӶƸСˣЦе˵ϰ尡ǰû𡣡

½ͥһΣҪԴֵͼʱǰһߵϰ壬ˡ

ǳԡ

ԭǡ
ֲÿأСࡣ

ʱ˿ѹӴһ߳һ˵ͦģóԡ

½ͥʧЦСӣŵתװһģ

ߵʱһѹûЦʲôȻ߳ŭɡ
뵽ķӣȻûǸݣͻΪǰѧУǴΣͦɹô

һΣţҲܲ
һ٣Լʮŷ֡

ԤһֵĽռ䡣








 131 



ݲڲصò̫, ½ͥãԷΣʱƵᣬԶҪȻˡ
ɼ治Ϥ, ûɶ顣

ҡҡͷ½ͥҲûơ

Ͼһ˵ˣԺָƾͲˡ

˻, ֹʻյһǮ
Ŀ졣
עҲ죺ΥԼ

ϸһ, ƺÿ¹̶һεĴաʱ귢һʵʱһֱõԶ, Ѿȥˡ
߿ܿˣΥԼ飬˻

ԡ
½ͥͻȻʶ, Ҳп, ʱ긶ΥԼ

ʱЦеĵ˭ôԼ, ϲء

½ֻͥԼۡ
ӲҪӵ

ʱ꿴˵ԼʵϰĻ
ʲô¶ͻȻ, ½ͥʡ

ǱѦٵո˱, ˵̨䵥Ļ߶ı־ĳӶŵı־

ӶҲһ̫лְҵǵͬǵɺ£רŴҽᣨɴ, Ӷȴһֱ˽ҹӶǵˣ߻һЩӶӵæһЩϡеĶ֮࡭

ǰᵽǿϺɫ;Ӷȥɿ

ǵ˺, ӶˣԻһ֡

˿̼һӶ䵥ѦѾϵԷȷˡ
ȷм¼ڲӶһͦӶšѦٵӶһ㶼ǲɿġԪ˧˵ǵΣգҪ

½ͥ飬ճ̬ˡ
һʲôһȥæ

ʹˡѦ˵˵Ǳڱڿģһ˲ԾţԷͶˣǡȥԵ飬ڵһʱϽˡ

һˣ½ͥü

ʱŵԾ

˻һۣѦҲʱڣǾÿЩԾǲˣԪ˧

ءʱʡ

ѦѾ׼ˣûãӣ㽫ǸӶŵĳԱҲ˽

ԷǸӶŵĸų˿ǲá뵽˵ųԱȫץ飬Ҳ

ô¶ϸ˵һ£ЩﲻԾ
½ͥʵ

˵֪ǰЩǽ˵ġ

˻һһ㶡

Ѧʣʲô

˱˱ۣƺн˼ҵżǵӶŵȷǳˣҲЩ˸ɵġ̲֮ǰ˵ģҲץˣԷ꣬ҹ˵ЩֻǲŻˡǰ˵Щ˹粻Ǽٵģܾûɺ£ԡ
ѡ˵
óʹ࣬ϾǱԼȫӶŵˣԼӡ

Է϶׼˺ֶܶεǣҲܣҲΪӶţõ۹Ŷ¡
ҹǰ֪ͨһУҵһСڣϣ½ܰæӦһ£һҲû˻·

˵꣬˻һͷžҪǿ

Ѧʲô

ҶԲǣҵûȥҲԼˡ

סʱ

ѦӦԳȥŻ׽¡
ʱٶͨѶӻҪԼô֪ûģҲѰ˦ǡúûţҲæȳġ

˺ޡ
ѡ˭Ը⿴Լȥ

ĺΣգȻǰĻЩ˵ģǵȷǿϹĴ˺ܾã˭֪ûʲô׼챾ΣգΪȻٶˣ׼Ҳǰ״

תתû뵽ֻصɫΣռϡ

ʱİɣзִ硣

˱˾˾ܲáóǾǿֺŶԶӺͬĵǡ
Ѧ߹ȥļ򣬡İɣûµġ

ûȥǿԶԶҪϴĻҪΣա
ңǿϻֹ

ˣ

Ѧ̲סΣֹ֪
е˰ɣ

ġ˵ۿЩƮƮȥǹȥֱӴۣûнţͷǰ桭

ϾǼˣʱ̲ס¹ģ΢ǿĶɫɫס

һ˵Ѧ˶ɵˣ棬й

ûСʱ˵
棬ûء

Ѧһ

濴ġʱ˸ڣѦһѾɫֻʣʲôʱֻþһжá

ǻþ˵йҰѺͷȥǿطǹеʯȷˣǹһ˦ѵʯͷҲȷѵġ
һӶɵľǰԴ˩ڿϵĻСǲеģҸȷ治¼˲Ļþ

ʱ֪ǻþӦ󷨡

ۡ
ЩˡǣĶĲȰ

½ͥĲı仯ʣôˡ

·˵ʱЦһȥЩˡ

˵ţͣ׵ĵطȥ
Ӿϼݻ׳ȥҪ￪š

½ͥȻǸţѦټҲҪȴסˡ
ΧУ¶˶Ҳûá

Ѧ̲סҲ̫Σˡ

˶Ҳûã⣬ʱһֿӻʱ֪ǵ˼ûҪ
ʱȥæĻȥϺȵġ

µûǿֵħ壬ôȥٶ˷ǵﲻæΪۡ

ˡ½ͥ

ߵ˵ͷȡī˻ס
ʱҲŽȥˡ

ע⵽ȻǽľԮգ˸ʻһ㶡
ȻʱѾɳ˾ֱǿȥ

½ͥʱʣղɫԣô

ʱһ̾Ϣ֪Ƿˣ֪Ҳǰʱ꣬ǸҲµǰܲ˰ɣ

½ͥ˵ͷ²ЩףʱϷ飬ļԳ֮
Ծܲ˼죬Ҳȷô

Ϊǰ˺ԲܻΡʱ˵ż½ͥǵĿģѾˡ

½ͥεȴµǴλԡҵʱ򣿡

ʱ˵ͷ
ϰ԰ϲˣǴ

½ͥɿһ˵¡

ҵħޣŶˣĳ壬ħ塣

ʱ⻰һ½ͥžͶΪʲôʱһʼ֪ǳ壬ȴֺ˽Щ塣
ԭһʼΪһǼûеĶøǽʲôħ塣

ħħʲôϵ

һħְˡʱħԴǰѾͲ˵ˣħߴ·Ϊ̰ͼ죬ҲǻԵɺϣʵҲеģ顭ұ㲻һһˣ֮ǲܷģҲһ졣Щˣǲġ

ʱԼôһħƭ磬Ȼôõ˵һ顣
ΪģһˣͼϷԲٹͬһ𹲸Ȫ

ǰСҲħ޿ķ˶Էı
ȻҲҡ

ұԴռ䴳Ѫʱߡ

½ͥףϻ˵ҵ񫣬㵱ˣָĲǰױͣСҲ

ʱ˵ͷȻ

˫Ҳһ룿½ͥ

ʱٴεͷ

½ͥ˵ױ͵ˣɳẢӵ鲻֡ʱĸȴһϻǵˣΪӴȥײ¶ʹˡ

ֻǵʱȻ֣Ҳϡʱ겢Ǹʱ꣬ûȷϣֻΪԸĸ

Ǹ졭СŪˣġ

˭֪ʱһ̯֣û濴ţֻ֪ҽȥʱ˱ٯٯأλСʦء

½ͥ
ǰΣգʵ̸̫޹⣬ûסʣн綼ôô

ûԹʱȸղŸֱ״ˣҲûʲôû˼ҼƹʱڻǿЩţǼʻһҹߴһһСʱأʵô
ʵļ¼иϻڵŵһŴ󴲱չأһվʮꡭм䷢ɶûֻ֪֪ǳغΪ

½ͥߣʮꣿ

԰˫ķģӦòͨ˵ɡ

½ͥѾ̸ˣʮ꣬ͻȻãǸСʦ죬ʵҲ̫ˡ
пܲʲôᣬġ

ʱȴͻȻӦ˹ϰ壬òǶԱʱ䡭

졣½ͥ

ʱĶģʽЦûꡣ
ϰ壬ϰҲ̫ɰˡ

½ͥһѣȴǿط쵽ˣЦ²˻ס

ʱЦøˡ

½ͥһۣʮΡ
΢ЩʱͺߵòУֻҪˣСӾԶǿߣ֪Ϊ

ȴ֪ʱ껹أôˡȴܲ˼ĵ٩Ҫ߳ŭ

浽ˡʱûټЦȥɫ󷨣ϰ壬󷨲죬ҪԼȥɣ

½ͥһۣΪĵӦɣǰСҲͨҲ

㲻Сʱ˵

½֪ͥûȣ⡭

ʱŵǼһ侲ǵÿ£ս˿˸ҪһƵĵ£۶գļɱУְǶ˷ѡ϶У֪ԼڵޣҲ϶һ۲
ۣΪ˴˼ĸԺӣ˼ҵĴӺգȻҵķָ³һģһҲҲգֱͱˣµô

½ͥһġ

֪ģǻ뷨ʱ˵뷨ܶʱ򣬾ͻᱻá
нͨģ֪㡣

Ͳ£

ɣʱ˵ܿ϶ǲġ

ôһǸУȫнûвĽλСʦġ
ֱӮҡ

ţ
ʱͻȻ˵ԺҲĽġ








 132 



Ȼ, ½ͥǸһȥˡ
ΪܷʱΣյĵطȥԼվ￴š

ɣʱ껹ЦǾûհ׵Եġ
Ǳ̬, ͦġ

ûհ׵жû˵˼Ҹ¹, һҾ
ĸֱǲ, Ū˿ų˾ǺܶΪ

Ȼ¶ǻʱ껹ʶԷǺ˵ġ
˵ʱСʦ廹̫, ƺڴСҲԼװд͹ȥ

㹦Ѿʼ潵䡣

ڿоܿóб첻ûԭ, ɸߴȥ, ͻȷռ˺ܶط
Щɫǹ̶ģпһ̻Ǳɽһ̾ͻ, ȻˮغӶ¡

ʱǴ̽װõ, װֻͨ, ߵȼһľûˡ
ʱ˿̣װðʱȴѾƾŹ˵˳塣

Ƕ˵

½ͥŻʱûȥѰʱ꣺Ǹ, ʲô֮ô

һʱ˵ȥ

û˵һ
һ֪ʱʹҪתͷȥʱ˵ֱİ, ȻЩʱۻһЩ벻ĵطҪ

½ͥ룬ȥ˼ҵŵô
֪ʱ˭ˣôһˣֱһҲ֡

ǰʱҲҪͨ
½ͥҾ

˵䣬״ƶ£ת˲㵽ħǰ

һɷǣ׷ˡ
Էһ裬Աһ̣ģȥֵȻֱһҲǸħޡ

ʱ̲סֹһ䣬ͳߣûôǵõ˵ġ

½ͥҲòϣôţ˭һˣ̻˵ħ塣
˵̫ͬЩɶɶĳһ塣

Ȼôһˣȷħ壬ƴͼıǡ

ôôԷЦΪţнܶ꣬ǵʱнǿܴܡ

˵˵ţҲˡ
ͷڣûˣһаħޣҲħһֲ߻нĴ桭

ϧʧ˰ɣʱ

ħһ£˵ͷԣʧˣһհ׵Ļ˺¡ӰױʹĻ㱾Ҳпհף˵СʱհסⱲעҪհ׵ˣǲǡ
˵ɺЦһҲǺܶﷸڱʱô

ʱҲûʲôСʱհ׵ԭûչ׵顣
ֻǵʧˣȴҲûץס㡣

ħץסˣֻʵ̫һطֺķЩ꣬˲¥ʱǽ磬

⻰һʱ궼òϣ˵ȷ
нѺ˵ĵطʲô֪ġһξѾι̣οǹѺħĵطǸǲᡣ

ڵ֮Уȴ֪ܵǶʱʵģеֹ˲ڡ
ǼʣǡɣǡҲͬ壬㡭

ħҡͷЦˣʲôҵͬ壬һЩʲôԵĵ͵ħԡһ˺ܶ๦򣬲Ų㻯ǿܻ˵ģʵȴòУҲôǰ

ʱȴԼºǰ¶ˣֻʣǸӶŵأ

ڡħҶûʲôȤһȺֻеʶ˰ˣ嶼ᡣҿǸߵħ壬ħʣῴʳ
ǵʱƽ뿪Ǿʹһߣǡ

һ¡½ͥи⣬㿴Щ壬ΪҪİǳңȻ׵֡

ˡħûаǣֻЩ齫ɵĽԣҪ̡
Һķѹɱħ֮ʱٸǡˣ֮ԴǸаײӲӵĳ֣ЩƻƳ⣬һͿءΪѵμħѪַῴ󰭣ȴ֪ʱ޶࣬Ȼѵδɹļƻһ顣

ʱһϻ˵úã֮Ҳơħֱˣħ֮ҿܸʲô¶

½ͥǳΪ͡

ΪħֻϧֻǶˣΪһȺȷˣȻʱΪһ˵ĻԶ˲ء

ʱ꣺
½ͥˣ˰ʲô˵ˣпﶯֽŵ顣
˵ֻֻ廯ˣʵϣȴ˵һڴˡ

ˡħ

½ͥ
ϣû˵ѡʱ

վþˣѪζŨˡ
ҲѪġ
˵Ѫ˵ĹټϰһЩ˵ȷ࣬ʱҲΪˣΪȫѾ

ħ֪ʱѾֱǸɷǵģαװѾģƺͦϲԼ⸱ģ
ԵøӴǻۣ

˻ȥ˲衣

Ե˲Ϳ͡

˲˽

ʱҲûֹ߽ʱѾˡ
ֹһ˲ֹġ

˲ڹѪ
Ŀء

ʱħĸпŴж
ҵȷû뵽˾Ȼѡͬ˵ʵ
ٵͷˣȻֶһܱʡˣҲûʱˣǾɣ

ʱڽǰֻ룬Ȼֻǵħ塣
ƽޣЩҪ˻µˡǰץֻħޣΪŰϵġ

½ͥĿߵת˲ʧˣ͸ϷͻȻһ˸ӦҲס
ȴûκα仯

𼱡ħȿġ

λһߵֶΣ½ͥ˲ף빥ġ
ҲȻһ룬ǰһˮĻʱꡣ

½ͥûʱô
ڴϣɫ԰ףûء

Ҫ֪ǰʱҵʱҲǱһήƵˮ֮ʱ
Ѧٽӵȴʮֲȥԡңָӻ˸ͷʮ㡣
ڣ񼴽һ

㲻ʱ꣬ʱСӡħڽλʱСӵļ䣬ʱСˡ

ʲôħҲڸ½ͥ

޷ǳ鹫϶ɵĹ¡
ʱС鹫ӣϲүԷǡöҲ˼˹ϵս׽

ԭҲǼżɡ
ˣǸүͬһģһƽҲ࡭ŶΪ㲻ǵȻ֮ˣ趨λСǰ̫㣬û֪ѡ

Ȼûв͸ǽһлǱС֪ˡ
״֮¡

һС䣬ʾ˵ʱ

˵үĳץСӺһ֪мѡүѡ˶Է
С֮£ֱͱһ೤ñ͸ˡ

ձȻǾõʱ

Ѿˣɫȴʮֲ԰ףһѪɫҲûУġ
үһСѾҩæү

ʱʵԼ̧һָϾ
ǣôˣ

СѾۿӯᣬү㣬㡭

ڲ˵ʱԼҲѾԼͱһ
û

СѾԿ޵øˡ
Сүôõ˰ΪʲôҪ

һ߿ţһǰʱͷ棬Ȼŵݹҩ

棬½ͥĿʱüȻҩһˡ

϶ܲúȰɣ
½ͥ롣
ʱôԺóԵģĶУǲԿģɿ˵ǿࡣ

ȴôصˣôҩ

ȻûоܾҲû˵ʲô̬СѾˣҪ岻ҩУһڡ

ʱܿԱߵ۽ζѹ´롣
ֳһš

Ȼúóԣȫˡ

̰졣ħ

½ͥһۣ͸İ˶ҲԱ˵̰Բã

ǣħЦһһҿħˡ
⣬ô˵۹½Ԫ˧ϽɣܣʱһӪҺܶһ졣ôϴ󣬻ǡ

ҵ£ܲҪ˶ϾҲʲôɱ˷Ż֮飬ô
½ͥĻ

м䣬Ŀһֱû뿪ʱѾĿǰ𿪿˿Լ˿ڡ
ó󡣡ʱСֹһȻùҩȵһ㣬ְϵһĺڡ

ú˿Ѻװһ⡣

ԱߵСѾѾˣסȰţүү𣬻ҩôԼŪС
ȻʱûԼˣʣгԵô

УеġСѾߵǱ߰˹ͷиֺÿ˻Ӫĳʳһֱء

ʱ˵ܳȥȡԵȥˡ

Ƭ̣ʱĳʳ

½ͥԵøˣ˼ʣ˵λӴСܳ裬þϸûԹô
ȻȥҩʱüôôĽϣֻóҩʱǸȫƵġ

ħˣԭеȷ룬ԭеԸ񡣡
һкܴܻг֮һ£ΪʲôҪô

½ͥ룬Ϊʲôܹ鲻Ǻġ

С
ʱȴ·ʲôû½ͥȴȻʱźѣʱȴʵҲ

ħһҲûֻСˣѵҲǸԹģ

½ͥһۡ
ȻʱʱһƵᣬҲ֪ħʱ϶ùġ
ǸҲǺΣյģȻƾʲô㱣ء

ʱ˶㿪ʼǰ顣
źӦòСѾ߲ǣСءʡ

ŶСѾߵСүγ£Ҳûֵã˵ͦأء
ԭӽڵģղšӽȹȥһˣһͻˡ

˵úʱȴɵǲˡ

ߵѾͷ޶ŻʵһѲڽԺھʣʱôһӡ
ĸߵѾͷʱԼһڸû˹µġ

ʱôһ£ϸµģҲֻʣʹܼҶˡ

ʱˣ˵Ŀ϶˵£˿϶ǶҪȥġ
ʱĥȻСѾȴŵòᡣСүôصˣΪλүѡλչ

ʱһ˿ڿô졣
Сү㡭

Сүʱӻˣһϲˣô˿ڻ۲ۣûʲôԵġ

ۣԹˡʱ˳ڻشȻʣǱߵˣô˵ġ

Ӷʱɫһ䡣
ĿߵСѾߣ˵ģ

ǡСѾ߸Ͻܼ⽻ôҡ

Ҳµġʱ˵
ѱԼɵøЩӣ˵˵ɣ

էȻ䣬ӾǼүƺˡ
ǲģСүɻأ۵Ⱥ١

˵ʱ

ֻýˣͥˣҺ͹ܼҵȥġ͵ĶҲûգ˵ûѣūŵ

أ

죬졭ӿʱ꣬С˵ͥ˵λչﻳˣԡ

ʱꡮŶһ˵Լѡλѡ˺ӡ
ǰ˵ֻǰ븮Уûأ

Сү

ʱ˰֣ȰңҶסˡ

ʲôʡ

ʱ꣺ȡЩʲôӼˮĶС

ӣ
СѾߣ

Сүӱǻ˰ɣĻųԣ
ħҲһ£ѹô

½ͥ˵ѹġ

ֻЩˣѹδϣҲӲԸʾǰ
ѹǣŭǡ

ϾѾͷƢܸʲôãܿŭˡ

 133 



Ȼ, ʱĹӼûУΪЩԶϻ𣬶, ȻŹͲˡ
ȻˮһЩ

ƽȴԽۡ

ǼСүϸ, ʲôʱ㶮¹ˡ
Ǹĸ, үǸԣ˿ɿ, ֻԼǿŰˡ

ʱһô죬Ѿ˺ܶ࣬ܳߡ
Ȼһӿ, ᱻشϡ

ͥʱ򵽵ġ

½ͥ, ͥչͥͬһģĻ, չﲻՊɣ
ʵþһȻһ˲òԾ, иϤӿ, ȷʵ˳С

ͥϢһʱ֪ˣȥ

СүҪ

Ҫʱȥֳȥ

ӣǡ

ʱôȥǰ

ͥͬ½ֱͥһģһϵ˹װ֮⣬ģ̬С֮, ½ͥԼκβͬ
ʱ꿴΢һ£ԷѾ˹
С꣬ô

ϸ, šʱ걻һϻαһʣʲô£ҽҩѵģ

ͥһ£ŵңҪٺöҶ͹ֻҪԭң֪òԣĲĿҵһӣҲܡ

ܿȻѾܽĽˣΪλʱͷɻΪ̰ôʲôҪ

ͥС꣬㣬ôô˵ǰģһֱ֪

ʱȴϻ

ͥסˣʲô

˵ʱ̧ţһߡ
˵ʵ󣬵Ϊ䲻ףҲͥߵýһô

˲䣬ֳһƬҡ

һ˺үĳ˹ȥӺϹܼҲɫһס⡭Ȼȷܽǿүߵô
ϹܼѾǰүˡСүС߻ˣʵڲǹġ

ʱϵѪˣŵģ۵ġ
ȴҰͥʱ˿ѾѿˣѪ桭

򣬿д򡣡ӸϽš

ͥſվȣ㵣ǵĿ˹óȥУҽ
˵䣬ĳڿû˵ҽ˹ȥС꿴

Ȼʱȴֹ̧˶Էãˡ
۵ȻüۼȴԽˣʵżµˣ㣬ȴ˶ֳ

޷㡭

ʱĻԭһʵڲֵҺķǵ߹ȻΪһš

ͥɫһ䣺㡭

㣬Ϊ˵ʡԺ鸮ҵδ飬ֳڣûҪҵˣÿҪͶܼҺӽ㣬үˣ磬⾩ﲻˣǵõ鸮

Ҳ˼֪ġͥһֱǶҵģ㡭

ʱЦһ

ƨ

涮֪ܲǵ˼ңŪ

ɣҶˣô飬үİɣ
˵꣬ʱһ֣岻ãдүɡӣ˰ʱĶͻү

ͥүƺ˵ʲô⸱ģԼؿڴѪǵˣҽ£㡭

ʱ굱ʱû˵ʲôһߣ˰ҽҲһˡ
ҲûҪԼȥϵҩ

ӸֲܼҲһĿģСүҪҽҲУϾλģۻô򿴿ǿǻ۸ӵġ

ûˣԼܴʱᳵ·ĸԼְһأվǺÿĺڣȻһᱡ
ʣ˰ɣ

ˡϹܼ˵
λͥүķӦҲûʱ˵Сүò׷ˣǲҪĺá
ǣ
´λǲҪô嶯ˡϹܼҿģϾǸүԼҲﲻǣ˿ںòҪˣѿˡ

Ҫǲѣ¶ôˣʱЦһ
Ͼ㲻Ҳ˵ˣǿǸүء

Ϲܼһ㶡

ʱѾ˻֣Щˣøȥɣ˰ƵԺɹ̫

Ϊܳ裬ʱԺӱȴͶ綼һԻѼܣѳʱһĵϲˡ
滹иǧʱ߹ȥһ

־ܹѣ÷ɹҪѼ䣬ȴʱꡣ
ȻһģĻ

ΪǸɺϣȴ벻һ߾;һȺСߴߴǺ

ŵСǶˡ

˻ûãʱ걾ǻȹš
˵ǲġ

ʱҲͲˡ

٣үЩô𾪵

ʱֶŻֻУϸϸ͸ٴ

Ƿˡ棬ħһߺȲһߵڻþ棬Ҳ͡

½ͥû

ΪС˾仰үķô

Ȼأʱ귴ڷֻʹһʱǼȥպеƵĶ¶мġ
УӲ˭Ըģ

Сǣǣ㲻ǡ

û˭˭ȥҲûʲôܲӪһһ˭ϧΪֻ֤ǲʡ
ʱͬС˵ȴַ·˵ԼȻʣҲͲǿ󡣡

ҵģС棬û̸Ҫôί˵ţʱͻȻЦˣû˵ģͱкܶ˸ܵǣһһʲôʱӵˡ

档
ħ侲ǰֲ֮оΪԼһ˾ΪǰǸ˲û顣и飬Ҳܶϵøɴǡ
ԼôƵСϰߣûһ˿һ

½ͥ˱԰ܰˣоѵҪԭ²ɣ

ΪͲһҲôɴķ㣿

ҶãȻġ½ͥͻȻˣǵĸмһ̡

ħҲûзϡ
ִԱߵӻ£һ˵ıȻ֪˭һĻĲأ
һ£㷸ʲô΢ЩܾͲԭ㣬ᡭ

Ҿܺá½ܱͥܶ˺

Ե㣿

ҡ
Ҹϣûܹ˺ҲС

ħִ΢΢һ١

½ͥͻȻ˵Ҫβܳ

λͥүײܵʱɣ
ħ

½ͥĿʱˣֲʱһ䣬˵ħһħǳŪġ

ʱһپ飬һվĻλү
ϾϺܶˣԼǻ༸ֿݡʱʱǳ˸Ҳǲܵġ
һʱˣҲˣҡ

⣬λԳħ˿ˣʱ䲻Ҵµľ֡
󣬵˼켣н֮Уôߵλã˶һ塣

ʱ俴˿ʱͥүڵĳϣپͻ졣

һμ¹ȥʱÿ춼ࡣ
ѧдֻ滭СѾѧ˴塣
Ķ̫ܿ

½ͥͻļܣӦҲǻİɣ

ʲôǼʵЩ߿ƼûȻԲǰǻë֣ȷѧȻܲᣬԲŻħΪ˵ȴû뵽½ָͥǴ塣

ǰһʱʱտռռʱҲҪһգȻͻʱһƬ
ë

棬ʱĴˣ޶ҲʥݻسʱѾȫˣȴǱ˱źһʹޡ

ͥǱߵȻҲûͣԺֳ£λСĺӵ׻ûס

һѣӲհգүҲǶȻȥġ
ʼųȥҪʱѰһźõ¡

¶һͣ˼µͥǱߵȻסˡ

½ͥǵϵ۽Ƕλͥһֱֻˣڵء
û뵽

λħԤϵǣ½ͥԽԽͬòСϰߣһơ
ɳ飬ҲäĿŵֵز

ʱ̬һЩͬħ·֪ʲô

½ͥ󲿷ֵԸֻһԡ
һʱɿڣλͥүܵȻһʱ䣬ĵܶʼ

Խʹ࣬ԽǿԽ˲˳ϰߣԶѭҲˡ
ϧˣ
ħĵסֻСˡ

ҲȻλͥʱ꼸أ˵涼û
ǳʱκʱ˸ˡ

ʱ̾ϢүΪϴѾ˵úˡ

ûͬ⣬ֻ侲侲ͥǰŻС֮꣬ڣѹûбȵҵſˡᣬұ֤ͬһ飬ѡô

ʱЦˣû˵ԼʵûгɻĴ㡣
żҹλأܾԼϲһˣǸȴͥȻϸ룬ȴѹûôһ˵ĺۼ

ͥڶʱûסֱӵûзģҲǣѾ˵ģȻҲװû
ʲôôͻȻᵽʶ
ʱţȴֺδ䣺һҧʮ¾ҵԸ񣬺òõģҪԹ֪ô

С꣬ôô˵ͥ˵ƺԼԣС꣬ԭҰɣұ֤ûһΡҿˣеʹ࣬١

ʱôĿһֱͥԼ˵ȥˡ
ôˣ

ûʲôʱ˵ֻͻȻ֣㳤ҵʱôġ
˵⻰ʱıЩãԼǹˣ֡

ͥ
㣬˵ʲô

ħҲһƬ𾪣󣿡

½ͥһ˵Σһμ˵ҳòϲãһƾֲҵҵ˸

ħ죬ƺ˵ʲôٵͷȴ˻⡣
һþҿǰ㣬ǸУΪ᲻һֱ߱ʹֱ࣬Լһܳ
Ȼһʱһѡѡʱɱ㡣

һף½ͥ롣

Ҳ֪ԷΪʲôûǰĻˣΪʱѾʼķͥҲ£ˡ

һһ䣬仰˵½ͥѾˡ

ʱ꿴ħңһỻһ֮ߡ

Щʱ䣬Ҷ˽һЩҲỻһ֡ħ̾Ϣϧ
ˣȴδسˡ

ǰĻħͬʱ˵һ顣

ĳܣʱ껳һ뵽ĹѪ¶ӽȥˡ

ʵڿȥԼôĻѡɱʹˡҲӦóˣϾѪҲܼ飬ûʹ࣬ȫȻʹУ֪ὥ٣뵽Щ

㷢ֲԾΪ̫ãҲϸԲԣ
ʱ˵⻰ԤǸť

㣬ô᣿Լħ״¶ŵɫ㾹Ȼ

㲻ɱˣͿŰһһ֮ѡôʱ˵뿴ɱҿûеڶ·ô

Ҳãô졭һμֱףֻСˣֱѪ鵽ǡôᣬ½ͥôû

һ𾪵ħʱĽͣ
㼴֪Ƿˣѵ֪˵ֺϷԡʵҪһ˺ѣС󷨣ϾʵûôϿȻܻ

ܣǷˣҲûȱ¡ħվҴδ

ʱ꣺ŶԴġ

ϾСҲ޼öˣֲ֪򣬲ְɣ

½֮ͥЯĿռ˷ĭ
Ķһء

ףȻǿƴűѣһʲôûȥȻʵڵġ
ΪռķȼյʱĿˡ

ʱ꣬лл㣡
ллһΪң׼˺·

ллһ·
κҵľұҵİѪллôϲҡ









 134 



ľѪĴô, ҪŪ˷ǵûܳɹŪҲû϶ʹ಻
ħһѪ˳ⲻʡ

Ȼ󷨲, Ǳ㶯ְɣ

һѪµĴûɣź
ź, ҪѪ

һһ, ǣһʱأ

ʱ˿, ̫գ档
ѦٵȻһ̲ͣĹעߣʱ½ͥȺʧȻҲˡ

ȻΪԶ, , ʲôΪʲô˻ͻȻʧٳ֡

ǸӶŵˣ, ܣôʱ, һĵξû仯, ǲܵ顣򡭡

쿴ˡ

ǵģ½ͥ˻ס
׼˵ôûʱýȥͼǱʱ꾹ȻҲųһܻס

˽ǲ⣬ֻѦϳ, ⲻǼܽлĻô
ôʱôڷų

ͼʱҲһԾ, ֱӽ˻ļʻա

ˣ
Ὺף

ʯ֮䣬ͻȻӦʱǸԳ˿ˡ

ֲ˼˵򵼣һֱӵи½Ԫ˧дĻᣬֲûȥңֲʱڷ۷ĻǱʱϾ֪ˡ
Ҹղʱ껹½Ԫ˧Ļȥģܳܵסʻյԡ

Ӧܼʻܻס

ҲȻǱʱҲ˻ס

ˢˢѦ٣ѦٱʾҲ֪
Ҳܾ氡
֪ﱻˣû뵽һֱڰ

Ȼ֪ȻôѿھǻǶ֪Ǽܻ׽ʲôѦ

Ѧ٣
¶ðɣ

档˵Ե¶֮˵ڹؼҪǡ㣬ˡ

ʱ½ͥȻҲˣʱǱС˱塣
ʱˣȻҲͱ˿ˡ

ҲǣٸˣϾˣǽ˿ȸǷˣ治̫ˡ
ˣ˭֪ᷢչزء

ֲ֣ôأԭǷ˰Ƿ˾ˡ

ǰ컹֣˿ȸɶʱôˣ֪ˣ˼ǽ˿ȸαװģˡ

𣬡ǰֲ֮õڴʱܹݣҲֲúܶ޵ϲ

ֻˣҲ·˴һ衣
ôԪ˧һǿʱ꣬Ǹ壬ӦòǶְɣ

ǰΪ󷨵ԭĶӻû쵽ߡȻˣǴ֣߻ˡ

һƬȻǻ𺣡

ʱǶʲôҸգ׾ٵľͿס˻ơ
һҲûӰ쵽ǣʱʱĸħ鷳

ﵽײн磬ϡ٣ôȡãսӳֻʮ֮һ
ʱ껹û׸ǱħȻǿԼǿӲš

СһҲ˹ȥ
ҪǿȣħǺǿѵͲô

˫սңܿ죬Χ۵˶ס˺
ĲμٵսȻҪȴ˿ЩսҪ

Ǹ壬Ҳʵ̫ǿˡ

ǴδԪ˧̶ȵս˵һʱˡ

½ͥͷϵĽǳױʵҲڷȣоԼľƺﵽһޣôδйԶܵҲδйС

޸ֳһȦ

Ľš
ôƫʱ򡣡½ͥţʱ˵ҺҪˣô졣

ױ䣬һαƲסġʱ
˵ȳ˹ȥǣסħ˼ңô󹦷ô࣬ȴ˱һ

ǹôΪֻ᣿
ֻҪ룬㡣

Ҹġ
ޡ

ĳ棬ʵʵڵ˾ˡ
һޣԪ˧ԶԶҪ֮ǰ޸֣Ҳ

Ѧٸһӣıˣıˡ

˷ܵģ˾ѣҪǰ϶Ҫץһô¶ġ

Ƕ½ҵˣԼԪ˧в˵ġ
ǸӶŵˣҲѾ𾪵޷ˡ

һ룬ʱҲ˻ףһֻ˳֡

ҸɴֱӶս
īͻʶٿأڰæ

գۼ䣬ոջĶһͱһ

ħѾǿ֮ڣеù
Сʱ֮󣬱Ѿ˵ϣֻʣһ

ʵĿգƾʲôҲģġ

ôάֲסɷǵˣʱ߹ȥЦһ쿿Ʊ˻ȤˣԶõȤġ

ǣô

˵ǵģͲһˣϾ˶ǡ
ʱһ

֮ǰ˵һҪɱһ
ץǸħһɶ

Ӷŵ䡣棬ѦٴͨѸЩĶ

½ͥãѾ֪ˡ

֪֮ʱеʲôġ
пطȴʼδ˭ܹԾ
ʱһƾһֱĻǸλһ̽ȻЩ˾档

ЩˣҽƲҲ׼áԸ

Ǳհ졣

߹ȥ˻չȥһαװ¶Ŀյء
յһȺһˡ
Ӷˡ

ǸӶŵĸųҲ˹һȥڣڣڣã桭

øƨһֿӲǸ߹㣬ܰЩ˰£ôǰ½Ԫ˧ˣûʲô¶Ҫǳ£һζⲻ𡣡

ĶҰҶʵʵ˵ˣ½Ԫ˧λʱ˵Ҫǡ

½Ԫ˧

½Ԫ˧Ǻ˰
ǻΪء

˷׷ţ˵ˡǱѦ˰ȻȥϽơ

ߵǱΣԴɲֹֻǸħ壬ǸϽջصϲŰȫ

æųˣʱȴŻû½ͥ
һ߶һߵīոֱҪŪˣһΪֹҡ

ᡣī˵֮飬ƽĻײ֣ỵ¶

ϣû뵽ⶮûͦࡣ

ǡī

Ա߻һɿҿǴû棬Ҫ桭

īܷǳSף˭˭˲ɣ

ֻ׶ʱʱҲǣֻʣ䲻

·½ͥ˵

Ŀռ汾лϴ·ģ֮ǰռˣĶȻҲ˳ղûˡ
Ѧ٣һ

áʱ˵û֣Լʱû·˺ѵûƬô

½ͥһ㶡
ƺѵ

ԣûô·ѵһλһ·ɡ·Ҳڡ
˵ţʱûסЦˣҾİûô

ˣҿ϶
ϾҪǱ˵ţǳɾͺˡ

õʱȷϣ½ͥҲ˻
ʱȴЦƺǱˡ

½ͥΣֻεĿЦ
ֱǱߵѾȫ˾ʣǲҲˡ

ȵȡʱ˵ղŴ֮䣬ҷϺбȥһۡ

½ͥȻͬ⡣

ֻޡѾص棬ʱ˴ܻڳֵĻ׵˵ط

Ȼʱû뵽ﾹȻݡ

ݣ
½ͥǰʯͷ˳Ĭ

ʯͷԲȴֱȵҪϸһЩžһ߷ȻֺʱСĲġ

ʱȴ˵Ȼݡ˵䣬ץ½ͥϻһ
Ѫȥʯͷ˲ģ˲ݵģ

ⶫǰҿһ۵ģȴʮ󡣡ʱһһֱĥţǼʲôܴء

īͻҲ˹ʣʲôõģ

˶ӵĻȻǼΪġʱ˵ܹǿɣԻ꿵ĲΡ

˵䣬ʱ꿪ʼȥժǲϵҶӣһժ˾ƬȻͣ

ôժˣʡ

ʱ꣺Ϊ
˵ǰһۣΪǿ׳òнҲõõô֣˵ȼʵܸߣΪ˺ܶ

ΪֻժƬ

Ȼв̰ģ̰ҪժҶҲ˲ήʱֻժƬһŻỹһƬ
ˣ߰ɣʱ

½ͥð

ãֻҪûΪٶӵĻκβ

ȷ½ͥĶӣȷҲһֱúúõġ
ȷʵǲǶ¡

ʱҶװս棬ͷ˷һ֣ѪģֻиѪԵϵá

ֲ־һǣһΪۣ˼ġ

ʱ꣺
½ͥ

ǻˣһһġ

ŪħõݣҲûҪٶī׼ؾˡ
ڻΪ˵ؽˡ

·ϣ½ͥǰ¶
ԼһҲÿô

ʱһ㶣ȻЦˣϰ壬ôŰ

½ͥʧЦΪҪŪȥˣϾ˵˧ȷͦ
ʱ
ÿġ
˵˵ÿ۹ܱˣ˵۹㻹Ǻ˧ġ

ң
;˧ˡ








 135 



ٴλص, ˿ǵĿⶼѾͬˡ

ô
ڵȷѾͷˡ

ѦҲǴΪԾһֱֻ֪½ͥзļ, ȴû뵽ʱǱ߻ôһֻء

϶ԣ½ͥڶˡ

ױ֮ǱԼƳ, ҲͲҪٴñˡ
ӶŵȺѾƲ, Ӷųֱл

أӦõġ
½ͥұǳ, Ҳ޹ѡ

ǵŵ֮󣬱ǻȥ
˳һ£ڸûзļ

ħ˵ֻܻ˵, , ԼԲһ飬½ͥǲܷġ

ĿǰûϢѦٵ

ûϢǺϢʮ, һûϢ֤, ֻγˡ

Ҫʱ֤, ȻǼܼġ

֮ħһ֮ΣѾˣ֮ǰô
ȫ𣬾ͬǰʱ˵ǸܵġôЩǼ඼Կ, ѾһԼķֻҪħļһ㲻Ϊǡ

ǴгĿ, ȷɴڵĳ˿ѾɣŪһֱ˷˵ħνǴȫʤ

ʣµʱ䣬жˡ

ʱȡһѵĳԵģ

½ͥһۡ
һֿһۡ

ʱ껹Ϊԣ񣬰ϵʳóԷű࣬ȻӺóмƸ

Ҳԡ½ͥЦˣֻû뵽ôôࡣ

Сܸɡʱ˵˺ܶࡣ
ȻҲԪ˧ʳﱾͺܶԭйء

ʱ굱еĴˣԼԵģԪ˧ŵ˵Ҳһ𡭡ȻҲֶһʳģᵢЩ÷ˡ

Сǣ½ͥ𣬡еǸСҲְɣ

ʱ˵ͷ
ʵǸʱС˵֣ī֮Ľ϶࣬ҪҲСXֵģٻּС͵ġ
ҲСʹ̫˳֣Ϊ˴ǿɣʱ˵

ֿ϶ħģϾô˵ҲнԵ׼ˣֶᡣ
󷨣ͨȴҲΪ壬һ벻С֣ǸʱжŹ֡

½ͥͻȻ𣬡ҹʱ򾭳Ժ淢ǡ

Ǹͥʱһץ˿˵˵˵ı飬һֱڻɣôϲУһָ֮оԽŨüСĴ̽ǲķʱҶϲ˼ңΪǸү뵱

ѹͺá֪ʵģ½ͥʱ濴Ŷۡ

Ҳǲѹʱһ£󷨵Ƕأһֱϲ־ҲӦϲһ߻ԼΪȨƣһ߾ÿǱͱһӻˣΪǰͶ̫࣬ʱʵ̫
Щûа֤֧֣ԼļﶼģҲֻܵ롣

һȻɹǲǱ˵̫ݣʲôƴˣԼҲϲˡ

˵ʱ꿴½ͥǳһˣСҲ񣬵Ҳϲϲ㡣
ϰ壬ǲǸʲôư

½ͥжݣ̲סԴ
Ҳֻϲ㡣

ǰеǸˣʱ곤һģһԹɣô۸֨Ļʱô
ϲˣģίԿġ

ϰ壡ʱ˲죬˿ѹһЩһ½ͥ˲𾯾Ҫʲôˣ
ȻʱʣܶණǼٵģҲġǸݺܳ裬ڼȴߣӦԵʵʱܳ裬ճ֮Ŀ׵״̬ءҼ㻹ͦϲǸӵģǰҲҵװȥϰ壬ǲʲôð

½ͥ
½ͥϺҰ

ʱЦ׼ٵ٩䣬ǱѦٽˡ

˵һȺӶŵѾˣѰһһİţ׼ֱӻǻǡ

ȥ˱߾ħˣǱ߻᲻ʲô
½ͥ

Ѧٵ˵ͷȻͳȥˡ

ⱾΪһû뵽ˡǻСʱطǱߴϢ˵ǳƺ춯
ȵʱ򣬳廹ûء

һ̴ֱûʲôѶȡ

Ͼǰʹһ½ͥȻǣ½Ԫ˧ָţҲǽ˵ġ
һĳȻĶ࣬׼ã½ͥ״̬ǰδеĺãҪټһʱꡣ

ƵĻڳкֱײÿһζ𵽴Ƭĳ壬˾̾ѡ

սܴСӳ棬ӻ磬СսСƣԸûɶ̵ĳһһ׼



̲ס˷ܵԭȻϧʱֱս͸˴ôһϲ

мǰʱ˸̲ס룬ǵʱǸʱķ˿˭֪˵ʱ߲Զʱء

Ѧٸľˣʱһ׮׮һģصöͦ
ʲôǷ˲ǽ˿ȸЩ£͵˵Ǹ׺ŵ¡ȼǵʱǻģǸ򵼡

ңʱ귢͵͵׺ŵЩǲʱʶ˼϶Ŷĵġ

ᡭ
ʱǸ׺š

ԼʲôԼܲô

Է顭ʵǴԪ˧ʱˣϾܹīѹƳ壬ֻ˼Ҳ˵һֱûϸԡ

ȫ汩¶֪ˣڵȫ֪ˡ

֪̫࣬ҲûҪš
Ȼʵǻ
ϾǿֻҪ˾Ͳܺӣοսûĸǲеġ

һСûĵ壬ֻлĳϡ

ȻѦĵģȻҪȻԼࡣ

⣬Ҳ˵ߡ
һͬĻˡ

ȻǺǰһˣһ֪Ĳࡣǰʱҳ£оͰһ׮
в˸п裬ǰ;ùôûϢ

˭ϵգ֮䣬˼оôǿһܻס

ʲôŵԶ벻ǿô

ô˵һͦ˵ġȻóŶ꣬ȴûзɹƳ˻ֻס

Ѿл˾˵ˣȷǿٶͻףǶƵзĹȴһЩͻװġ

ϢˣѾ˵ˣǳS½Ԫ˧īȼ硣ҵʱΪʱҲ죬ռһ֣صԶī

Ȼʱʱ磬ͻȻϴδʱͷ·Իʮ˽⣬ʱѧİɣ

УУȴ룬ɶʱѧģ
Ǵʱڱϵʱɣ

Ϊ˼ں֣ΪǸоռ似йأȴԭ˼ڲף
ǻĻף

ʱ˵ʲô¡˲¶ôǿϣȥˡ

ʱһεĻˡ

֮ģۻļʻԱ˭
˭ܼʻĳSס

Ҳʱ򣬼ʻԱʱ꣬Ƿ˶ǽ˿ȸҲ˳

ֻ˲䣬һεըˡ

⡭侲һ¡

Щˣ㵥֪ǿȴ֪ôǿȻǰλ˵ĶԣʱˣԶܵϲ

˵ʵϷǸʱʱүķ˿ģʵʱ걾˰ɡ죬ϲҸʱϵãTMһܲô

ֲжʱֳ˸ϻ˭ԼֱŤôֲ˫˸񡣡

򵼰һֱǸڱš

ʱ磺ʵ˵ǲҲû취̯֣

ʵ֪ЩһֱǸ˿ʺŲʱʲô顣

ɵ˰ɣ

ҷ۵ĸҺڵʵһ˵ĸо

ѵǶʱ껹ųԼҲǸ˿ʺŵķۣʱд˺óһƪСĿءʲôҿԼ

Ҹע޵顣ʱǿòԭǷ˰

֮һ̫࣬Ƕ֪˵ĸˡ
һʱ֮䣬ڷ۶伣ˡ

֪˭𣬡֪λСܲܿϵϢ֪ԼӺһƵˤʱļƻܷɣʱӦûһ̨ء

λԱˣЦȥ״˭

ʱ걾ˣʱҲոžһ𣬻صǡ

һΣһٵľȻʣ˳ĺХǵţ˳ִһȫʤĻ
Ȼħ鲻ö⹫Щ֪ģѾܵΪҵĻӭˡ

ӭʾ֮ʱˣʣ½ͥҪܲɷã򵥵ĻӦ󣬱ȥˡ

ʵۿͦˣ˿ôûʱҲһ̵ˡ

ʱЩۣˣȻȥˡ½ͥ˵
ʵʱ겻ͷӦЩ˵Ҫɫһ˵ʵġ

½ͥǰûɹ飬ʵ۾͸û뵽ˣͬĵ˵ͷȷʱǸͦµģϢϢҲá
ͦϲģʱʹüȥҲС

аɡ½ͥ˵һȥ

ŶʵڷӦˣˣôӣ

½ͥȡһƬӱժҶӶס죬ǿõģɴòϣʹеɶëʱá

ǰʹʱ꣬ѪԵϵôġ
ʱһ˵ž͸Ľײܽһ㷨ɷвܽĶУܽЩҶӾ𲻵ʲôˡ

ҶӼãʵȴǲУϾ½ͥûȴûɶѪԵϵ

˵£½ͥص¡
µȻλħ顣

¶̫ˣȴѾûҪֵ˾֪һЩ滹Ҫصģǻҿ϶֪Ϊû˭ܱ֤Ժ󲻻ٷ顣

̸òˣżŷؼҡ

½Ѿʱ⿴һ飬ȷû˿
˵顣

ûʱ䣬ҪȻøڣǰӶûá

ʱ̲סĲֱӽôΡ

½ͥû˵û£̫æµģûнô鷳ɡ
ұ˶УҲǰá
ϾԵӣһǱȽһġ

ʱޱĿ

½˵Ĺͬ½ͥʱҪһ¡
ϳԹ˯ʱͰ½ͥ⣬ϰ壬Ҿý֮ǰñִйϵ

Ѿ֤ˡ

˵ǻ֮󡣡ʱϸĿڡ

½ͥûʲôͬ

š
ʱţģԱϰ壬ҪƣҪס

½ͥ

ƫƫ½Ԫ˧½˽Ҳ֪ôţ϶¥·ƫƫʱ˸Уһֲ

ʱһײⳡѸٹˣ½ͥһһС

½ˣ
½Ԫ˧

½ͥ̾Ϣ治ֱӽô

½ˣ
½˷Ӧ֮ǹЦ½Ԫ˧ҲһЦ߹ļ
԰ӣʵ˵ǰһ䵭ģǲأǶˡ

½ͥ
ͻȻܵԸĸġ⡯









 136 



ӱľƬҶ, ʱ½ͥȻòŵģ˼һƬȻ½Ԫ˧½Ȼ¡
ԼǱˡ

ԻҪҪе, ȻүʹȷʵЩ⣬һƬҲͦá

ˣûôҪˡ

½ͥǸƬ, ò, ԺҲԡ
ʣµƬ½, ͬԱʱ֮衣

ҶժôֱӾܳԣ˾áұҲ൱, ҸװžС

ǾһԵ, ҶӻģȻеϡ
Чģ˵, ôӲҲˡ

ֻİ˻Ϊʹ˵µһЩ⻹ãԻΨһһβ, ԴҵĿⶼۼϡ

Ҫ֪ԼҺķĹ, δʲôõĳЧֻܻ⡣
ôһƬССҶӣܡ

ҶӾôȥȻԻȴûκθо
ϾĲһҲԣֻƱȽϴ󡣵½Ԫ˧ȴǲͬ, ЩԪ˧Щ˵ģһƬҶȥ, ЩʹĵطȻˡ
үҲþˣãá

ŵԻûʲôӦһ⣬ȽһԼҶ˷ܲѡ
Ȼκˡ

ֻ֢ܻ֮Ĳ֢ľôκˡ

꿡Իĸ̲סᣬԺҲ͸Сûʲôˡ

Իۿһȡ
Сʱ򲻶£Ϊʲô˲ÿܣͱûΪʲôЩ˶˶УС

ʱ˶ĺԼҲʵȻȴ֪Щ鲢ûйȥӡڼУֻгһգܸСһ

ллСʱ̫лˡ
žǹлʱꡣ

һ˰죬ƽ
үӿʱ䲻ˣԷжǽһ䣬ɡ

ɼƬҶ𵽵ЧҲǲС

ڷϣүиʱķֳɣټɡ

ʱʱһ㶣ʵԼҸķֳѾˣټɡ
ӦΪҶӵɣʵûбҪ

ҪھܾүӵôˣҲò˼ﺢӳʱУʱͥߵĹɷݻءӣĸҲˣ׼ôһ׵ģԺԼҵļңͥպҪǸ۸㣬ǣүүѵ

½ͥ
ô۸

Ȼʱû˴ֻԻһεĿһۡ½Ԫ˧ȻǶʱԷӽСʱ׵ܵܣ㡭㶮ġ

½ͥ룬ǸǿЦġ

λѧУǱУҲȥϿˡǿˣѧҪţܲʱꡭ
λԳۣҪǿӲİѧﲻûˡ

ʱȻѧ㿪ĵˣȥʱǻȥġ

ҲΪΪУİɣ

ѧУͬѧһ𾪵Ըӣ˭õء
ͬˣͬһѧôͲ֪ôࡣ

󶼴ͨѶʱʶǣϷ滹װ࡭

ʱ룬Ҳһڲź֪ɣ˼˰ɣ
Ի꿺¾ǿ϶֪ˣûλѹûϷ¶ϾǾܾԻ꿺üһģҪǸ֪϶˵ġ

ڼ䣬̸УǹλԱ飬˳Ľչ
ǱֻҪԱՊȴûἰ

ԱҲû̫עŮ
ԣǹԼŮˡ

Ҳãǵ۹ɷУӺһ𡭡Ѧ˵żʱ鲻ԣɵʣôʱ

Ӻһǲһʱ˵ӺûѪ˵Լܻ⾫ô͵ȥ˳谡

Ϳݳᣬ󳡵֣ܰ˰˰

Ѧ٣ʱǡ

ʲô

Ǹ⡣Ѧ
ֱﾡá

Ǳ߲ǲԸ⻨ػôãՊҲһҲûа

ӣʱ꿼һѧδԣָͬѧǾһô˶鵱졣

½ԣʮ֡

ʱĹ˴Ȼǳɹ˵ģϾˣɲǳ½ң
ʱ꣬Ȼֻһˣûʲô屳ֵҲûʲôˣȴӲռһϯ֮ء

⻹ֻǶ飬ȵ鵱գֻ֡

֮ǰҪꡣ
Ȼһ첻ֹҹ½ͥա

ʱһǼʹ꣬ȥʱû
ȹ꿪ѧԺǳϵıȴЩʱŵġ

̶̲һʱ䣬ȴô顣

ɹ׻˹һֻСˡ
С˵ȻҲֻҪʱ̣ǿԷֿжи֣

ҵһˡ

ҹ˱㿪ʼ꣬ʮһʱ򣬻֡
Ҳף½ͥտ֡

̻ǻ̻лڷšʱ껹չȥأȻܻһ

ϹϹȫСŹӼţѾˣۼֱԹˡ

ʱЦ
ʱûôӼڳԹ˳ֻɣ׼һĥá

ϰ壬㳢ô
Լڵ̲ݹȥ½ͥ˳ֽӹ

ڷԭ棬Ǻܹʱġ²ôʳԷݹҲȡ
һģʱոպȹλá

ʱȻûдСϸڣ̲סЦ
ϰ壬ô롭

½ͥɿɻڴأĸڣ˵ɶ

ʱ꿴˿ǱСĿ½Ԫ˧½ˣ½˿ܿ治̫üߵĶ½Ԫ˧ȴһ
ǲˡ

ǱߵĿùϰҪ̫𣬺겹

½ͥ

ڳƺϣƺѾϰϰƺǰ½ͥҲֻǽᷢӣʵʱһֱôţű˵Ԫ˧˼ǡ

ҹʱʱ½ͥϡҲ֪ɺϻ⣬֮ѾûڳԶˡ

Եһʱ䣬ѿڶϰ壬տ֡

Ǳ½Ԫ˧½Ҳףͬʱ籸õ

ʱ굱ȻҲ׼
һµĴ

ϴ½ͥõǸʱΪķȼն𻵣֮õһֱǿռ֣ʱΪһ

վһƬ𣬻֡

ʱ˵㲻ʱҹϡִۣ·̫ʺϣҪǹװϿ϶ÿ

Ҳÿ½ͥ
һɨʱһ

֮ͬǰҲвӡһƬƬ֡
ԭ֮ǰҪۣΪ

Һϲ½ͥĿҲûбõˡ

½Ԫ˧½˿һĻ̲סЦˡ
½ˣû뵽Сʱ嶫أûͦá

ëأ鷿ǷϴСʱдģҿ˾òҪˡ½Ԫ˧

½ͥʱ꣺
ȫ֮ǰѧġ

Ȼ幤ȫ½˱۾Ϲ䣬ʱֻ˵ѿȵʱԱ廨СѾͷԶˡ
ë־͸ˣĸ鷨Ҳġ

ʱѧôһѧҲǼûëֵʰˣҪŴԾͻԶء

¥´һΪʱѾ̫׼¥Ϣˡ

½ͥϴҪϴ⴫

һ£ǰȥš
ȴⲢûˣֻһ˿õĴӰ

һ
½ֱͥĵͦһʱôˡ

һʱģҲ֪ʲôһʱڶʱ½ͥ͵뵽ʲô

ֲ˿ӣȻһɿɰˡ

ϰ壬տ֡
ʱ˵
ԺÿһգҶòá










 137 



, ʱ˵Ϊ½ͥһֱӣȻǲܵģӵǿһԡ

ΪʲôѾҪ, Ҫ½Ԫ˧Ķ൱൱⡣

֮ϱ㿪ʼ˰

˻ʹԼ, ½ڵݵλ, ҲֻҪڼűˡ

½ҾϽнٽǣʱʵ඼֪, ܶ໹ϴ½ͥʱ߹¹
׻һЩûôӴһزǶȫˡ

֮󲻾ãڹȥ, ֵѧУѧӡ

ʱһ綼Ѿѧ, γʵѾ٣ͬѧѾʼоˣָϵսϵǱҲæѡҪȥĸš

ȻҪְġ
߻ع, ڻһУƾһܻ, ǶĻʦһˡ

ȥ, ÿȥ

вͬѧʱԺ᲻ȥоǻר컹Ǽҩȥ½µЩλ᲻лͬ¡
ʱҡҡͷ, оңҴŻȥ

ʵʱһζûȥء
ڹȥˣҵһ, ǰһʱ䡣Ȼ½µоϢݵ½ͥֱӾͬˡ

ϾҲǺݵ˲ţһۺˣžԲ

Ҳ½Ҿţһģʮܡ

ǹˣ

ˡ˵ԭһֱģϴβǱײô¶Ҳûʲô͹ˡʱͦ˾ȵģǱϢһһܿ춼ûˣҲǵ˻ǹɣ

ʱֻ˵ϲ

˵Ҫлл滺Ȼ϶ӦһСһֱҸֺҸ򵼱ôء
Цŵ˵񻹶һλݳġС㡯ġ˽סһأøˡ
˵ţ̲ס̧ѵԴ

ʱ½ͥҲͦϲԴġ
ⶼʲôëСƵġ

˵䣬˱뿪ˣž֪ͦĵġ

Ҷ˸ԵҸǰ̣ʱ꿴Ҳͦĵġ

ܿģҵˡ
ʱ䣬Ҳô½ͥ˶Ҫ׵ӡ

˵컹жκȤĶԻ
ΪǼʴͳ˫ҪӲͬĵطȻȥƵٰ

½ҵȻԪ˧ֱӰ졣
ֻһܲ˶Ԫ˧ȥȻĸȦɡʱȥǱߡ½ͥ顣

½˵ǻǷһҰǶء

ǸѦ̲סʱԼҲзöء

㣬λֱӰ㡣
ĸλҪģȫС

ƽɶҲȫ

⻰һʱڳȫסˡ
ɶСʱз

ʲôʱģ½ͥҲ˿֪

Ͼạ̊́һֱԡʱ˵ϣֵһ۹ˣȻҲ޴ӵ֪

½Ԫ˧½⴦ѵ飬Ҳһȥǰߣһ½ͥҲĴ򷿵¡

ֱ֪ʱжٷ
ⲻ֪һֱһ

һֱӸѡ֢ˣ½ˣѡѡ˺ðһ

˳ɻ鵱죬ʱ½ͥѾ̿˼飬Ȼ

̳
רͨѾˣʱŻǰͷ½ͥǱȻī

˫֮ʱֱӰѻһգһһڿ裬ȻŶõ·߷һȦɽԪ˧

⻭ʵ̫𺳣ֱӵ¿̫࣬üӲŶ

һһɣ鰡

ףʱ½Ԫ˧»֡

ǿ½Ԫ˧ʲôʱܱˣ

ٷϢˣ˵Ƿ棬Ѿ׻жʱˣϴξǻص¶

ôһ˵ʱ걻Ƿˣ˻ܼʻ׵ľǸų˿ǻô

ǻʱû˵ǲϱķͷ

ҲһӦġ֮ǰֻ˵ʱǷˣղšԼҲɷ˰ɣ

㲻һǡ

찡׻жپϲڵǡ

ͷ˰֮갡ȹҪĽ˰ɣ

Ҷ࿴ųƵrakkrakk

ʱڷۣԲסֵˣʵںڲȥˣ˳ڷӪ

ʱ½Ԫ˧úϣ»֣

¶ֻлʵۺ½ҾһЩϲֳ֪ܶ˶𾪵ˡ

̲סڸ˵ʱԭطҶţ⻹ô

𣬳ʱǻΪԷֻǸͨ򵼣һŵ˵ҪԷһ
ʵҲա

ǱͬѧǶ˷ܵˣˣǿǷ˰



Щ۹߲øһЩһ£˭ٺ½ҵĵλĸٸƲǰ˹۹

ǹҿͷģô

Ұ׼ļ壬ֱýڿٷǰ˹۹ǰδеǿ
ǣ⻼̩񰲣ԽԽá

ʵԵ֤飬еף

ʱ½ͥϲ¿Ĵɻ֮أ㻺˽

̺֮ϣ֮£֪ĶʽΧֱת
еĻŻ֦˲ɵ񳯷ĸ֡

ϻ۾Ѿϵ¿䲢֪֮£ȴͼֺһѡ

ǱĻ𺶵ˡ

Ϊʲôſֱ

ʲôʱ첻ôԲס벻ء

ԵĴҶǹעĶ죬õô˭˭˭ʱĻ񡭡˾͹ˡ

ȻʱϵһӦƷȻҲõģ˵ȻҲ൱Ķзˡ

½Ϊĵ׼һУ
Ȼģ˿ڽǹǵĴĽ

Ҳȷǰԣɣ½Ԫ˧֪ʱߣһ̨ϵĶӺͶӵİˡ

ʵ۸Ǳ֤ʡ
ȻǻָĻڣóָ֮󣬺ܶ˱ϳˣʯʮǰϱ֪ߵöϽô

ʯϡеǿʯƮ˸ǳǿʯϡһѵõĴ
⻹˵ʦǰ֮ǰһλҡ

ָƾɣöָƷֿȴܺһͬһö

û뵽öָ½ҡ̲ס

ͬѧδ˶ϵãֻǿţָܸܵĺÿ
Իͬߵ¾С˵ţСùĵġ

˿ʼףˣǻʱͬĳˡ
ָɶģ˭Ƶġ
ؼǼ۸

вˢ»֣ף֮С
½ͥʱ̨վţڻָ

ȻǶֱ֤һ̣½ͥһ֣Ҫ˳˵ĸо
лл㣬ʱ꣬ллߡ

ʱ΢΢һЦĿרעĿͻȻƤգգۡ
ʲôû˵ȴַ·˵ˡ

ңȷʵҡ
ϰ壬úϧŶ                                                                                                           
