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1 
δ㲻úװݻȴ̿
ŮӸ̼ů磬±ߴ⵴͵ۿ
ڹϵɫ԰ף͸һɲ䲻ʱѹƲסĿԡ
ѻɫĳϣɿ¶ؿӨļݵ
ʱˡƣָüģ̬⡣
Ů֪Թ壬˿æ۹⹧ش𣺡үʱˡ
ʱҲĵˣ誴˼⣬ɫԵú䵭
ָĦŽǹָϿݰܵĻɫ貵Ľײ͸
ŮӣԼ̾һŵӲͷȥ
ɾӵϴޣ˷ѵƽʱһü
óˡ
ĻеԵñ飬Ŀɫװϵĸγ֪ϵĳ
ǸԽߣǰȴ壬˼主δܹ㺬Թ
һۣԼ˸ϵͳ
ϵͳ֪ȣЭ񣬲ȻᱻĨɱ
µͬڴκ񾩳ǣҵȾüҴҵ󣬸ĸ徣ֻһҵ
誽Լݣ׼ӴʱϤķϮص´·ˮһһ
壬ǰһ
ŴסɫֻܿԼЦ⡣
ֻӦķ񣬲ſԻȡӽֵõȡĶ书ؼأӦоС
ǻе趨õĳͻȻüȴΪɫ˵Ĺ죬һһƺħ
ž޲Цⲻĵºʵ:ҵʲô
Լ֣޳԰ףȥձʵĵطûжļ룬óš
ûּۻۣ׼һ˵ǵϵͳƺҭסˣԻسĬһſʼ
һСС˵ɵ磬˹rĻӣ׷ǻԤԶܴ
ĸǺ󹬹ھһʱĳʮ»̥Ѫ⣬Ÿºӵӹʥ巹ǰģ֧ա
ʵƺΪȥԳr˼˿㽫Ҷһĸ˼񵽡
ȻⲢûórúùƺӦ֮Ǹɷ䣬ֻܾӼǨ뾩ǿ񾩿Ϊ
ɷԹӼ׷ǣÿնԸ˺ͳrǴȾ˶ĲϰÿÿԳrȭߡ
ǿҵÿҪӣ򸶲ӱѳrϲɫ֮ĳҴү˳rڳ¹ŷ˵ӡ
誶ֲŮĳûȤȴ쳣rİ
rֻһļʲôʸǰǣ
ǱӣһĽ˲Ƚ
ֱrʮ꣬Ǹˣr͵Լ˳ҡ
սңǰȥˣӢۣrӢ˲š
ʵű߹λţѫǧתƥһͷ׷ü۲ʶǹˡ
֪ʹ˱˶Ů飬֮Ҳƣʵ۾ܵز˳rЩʹ࣬˴󳼷Է
Եɺ£̫Ī֪˳rʵݣ֮Ψֻʵ۽λrлܱ췴
쾩ĳr֪ĪǵĴ㣬ٱ췴֮ʱһ¼оʵ֮ǰѸݣڣΪĪr̳ͳ
誣Ǹrǰĥ·ϵСɣڶûУrµó֮æȨУпСආ
ûгrıԭг誵³ɲù
˵rܹھǻٲǮƴͨǮƣԳңȴǳ誣һ˳誼Ҳϵӡ
ɡ
ҰģʵҲ۹⣬ȷʵԭʺϵˣ˼ҲվǲʵֶΡ
õҲƲֱӽ誸ϳ˳ңҪҩĵţĻﻨǮֱڴϡ
ЩʱգϤԺϵͳĵ죬ϵͳһ
rӻسҡ
ȡ½ǹһ̴ľȼĳѩ̻ҡ
Ͻǿص˲ǣ誵ͷŪǹʵĳںס¶ǶβӰ׵ûۡ
ŮǸˣҲһЩӱ㿪ڴ:үǸϽˣūʱȥˡ
ǳ誸ĸˣ̤ʵɿӵļ֮һ
ǹ˼Ȧӵڶ޾ϽǹݸŮػµĳѩҶ
ӹȼǹһڣɫڣģ˳誵ɫȫȻԼˣӣȥϽ
Ŵү⻹ܿвҼҹղӰ
һݵ˶ĵͷֺţ˫ֺʮţĭӺɣüͷӬˡ
ÿҵĵģĿתһĨĸ˺ͳĬ¨İ׷ꡣ
ۼ⿴ϴСС˺ۣҹ¨ũ֤ݡ
괩Ų֪ļ·ϼƴյĲϷɵĲ·油һһ㣬ôһͨƶ꣬ȴŲݵĿӺһͷ۵İ׷
ҲޡջĿ⣬˵ĿӶ
ѾˣҲǸү£͸˲٣˵ճҲ㲻ôӣ
ѽϽӲһ˲˲Ц⣬˴״֣Ҳ֪ˣȵСơ
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Цһ֪һǳԺζ䣬Ϳ͸æµƽũǮ˭졣
Щ˺꣬¾͵ðչ°졣
¿˶ȥˣǸӵģܰﵽ˭պöͬͽա
ĲΪССһתͻȻսģ·ϲ˲ʴͷ򴽰꣬Ķ˵
үҼСӳûͷ׷͸ү
һŻһ´ĵð˳һ٣һԵĸĻһѻסڱ¨꣬ɣ㲻ܰСʯͷ˰ôС
ּ˷˲ðɣȥһƣ˺Եǰ
ɫ޲˱ڵͫбһŭ
¨˺׵
۵óһȴı¡
꣬˷ֻڲߴֱһƥڵСǡ
ɼҵԼüָŸ˺ǮǣǨﹶȥү㴲ޣһ㴲ء
Ŀģ˸ʮʮ
Сӵĸ㻹񣬺ðǮǱǰɡ
ƾһײ꣬ס˵Цһ㲻㣡
ԲǱסӣ̳ˣڲ˺ҧ۵죬һʵİƻȥ߸
Ծҧ˵֣л·ĺζѪɬ
ڵǺֱݺݶ˶еһ˿־塣
˺ǰˣһʱŤһ
ҧҧָƽͷϵŭһˣ
ֳ˻ΪҪճˣ
ҿɾͲҪˡ
ּ䣬һɳƵ˽ͻȻ⻬Ļͣ


2 
ıһ£תͷһĽͣ˵·һԣԼҶס
ƵĽǹ磬¶ͷ˲԰׵֣һ̵Ůƿ
ͷ̤һ˫µƽѥӣǽڷִŮ֣ݲȵشӽ߳
ɫ촽̽ڣڻޣһڣƣԼԼס˵ݣ˺治ѣץӷһݡ
ɢȥ¶忡Ҳǰйճɾޡ
ȴδɫ԰ײ嵭ڡ
ջر̸֣ȼδĳѩҶβ͸Ų㣬֮ó΢ѻɫһʵĺá
δµļڣȻ˰ʵʵΨݶɿ죬¶Өǡ
ƺע⵽ߣĿӣƱŵһæջߣͷ
ɷ·֮䣬ԵΪ롣
ʶָ·Щ
׷ϣ誴¶һĨЦ⡣
үôˡ֪üͷšһ߷紵˶Ա˶СԳ˵ɾҪˡ
⿴Ŀϣɫôѵ˿˼û˼
ĺү֪ǳλҵĳүɿˣֶЦԴգү˼ǡ
ĿسһԲ꣬Цм˳һղ񣺡Ǹϡۣ
һĨЦ·ġ
۶ǰ³һ̣˵ģˣ課žԼ۾ɾˣ°˵
ֻ̧ͷų誣δƶһֱֿɣߴٵүأ
ţΨڵƺйһһֱضų誣ĳ־Ұޡ
ǹѹ´Ц⣬ü¶͡
ǰںڵ鷢¶üĿǹֶ깴˹дһ⣺
ͷ˸һۣ˺ۿͷһһȥ
ԽԽֳܷ誵ǽںڳµĲӣӨ񣬴ҧһܳˮ⡣
ʶ㣬һڿˮ
ߵúܽǹǹϿžµ˫ƣָ޳ǽڷֱڲ̬Ĳ԰͸ŵɫѪܡ
ǹǹ˵°ͣڵӶĿ⡣
誳һڳѩ
ȥɡ
̤һ̡
ﴫһе
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ֵѷû˺ţעա֮ϵͳţ·ڹ
šüͷݺһڳѩ߽Ժһ³һ̣ЬĦͷȴִٵظ
ǲԸߵġ
誴սԣɫĶǹʱõĴͷ
Ʋסȥֻү￴Ŷóԣ۷һʱȻ
ߣӣͲñȥˣҸÿ»ǮãʱҲܺù㡣誵ɳȴ֮Уй˵ԸС
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㲻ߣ£᲻ˡ˵ʱ۴Ц⣬ȴٿؾꡣ
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ɤ۽˽徻߰˼ֻĿɬ
áֻһ֣ȻƲ
ų誻˳ȴû˸ʲô
Ьˮͷųһ·ŲŵüᣬԼʯ塣
վҲ͵͵ʯĥЬϵ飬˭Ϸץ˸š
誶Լ̵ͷ־òף̧ͷֱų誣֮ɫΣһһֵش³֡
Բ𡣡Ūĵء
֪˵ʲôʱװϵͳԾ
ռrĸǰ0/10
¶ִƵݱֱ˻ȥ誶ĿȻԾºͣЦжһ˿
һֿƷ񣬴ͷβشһ飬ڽ֮ɫԱ
Ĵȭͷ˫ڵ۾ȥ׹ԨĻ
0/10
̾˿սȭͷᷢЩĲ̡
֪Ұﳤ֪ˣǼҲѧü֡
誵ɫͻȻü䱾ಡ齶ʮ㣬üʱʢ
üɨһЦǵǸ˾ˣĪҲǸֹĲŽ̲
ἰףŭɫҧؿ֨֨죬ǵɫٴεȼڵͫס
ȭͷ΢誣ж֮⡣
Ҷ֣ĵüƵһڳѩ
̸̶סδϨĹ̻ڣӴƤ⣬̵ۡ
ȴһԣֻݺݶ
˵ǰһϣ˫۱Ѭ÷죬課ŶظӶҶ֡
ɿյȭͷɫ۵һ˺һĬŵͷƺ̷״
Ψг2/104/10˳£һֻʱ˺դĶǡ
սͣ6/10ǡ
ϵͳֹʲôʱ򡣡еض꣬ϵͳͨ
ϵͳĿǰǶÿջᷢʱΪ죬ʱɵ۳10Ե㣬Ե㲻㽫ѡȡĽֵп۳ֵΪ0ʱĿǰԵ:3ֵ:10
60Ϊ뼰Ҳ̫Զˡ
а̾һǹջأǹԶһЩ
ζȥʰɾңҲٴǶ˵Ĩҳ档
誵ǹ뿪ġ7/10ʱ̲סǡ
ǸԴġ
ѥ̤ʯϵԶ룬Ȼ̧ոմµͷ
üۿʱ㿴Ӣӡ
ڵӶѻɫıӰԼЩˣݺݲ˲ۺҪ˲븹
ټʱϣһ֧°һŰӣɨɫ϶Ȥȱȱ
ƷƷвֻɽҩ峴ӣЩ¿ڡ
ǰɾѯҪôţ¿Ӳ졣
ļ״üСƵ˵үԼڰɣļרѰµĸģĸʱء
סಹüпαϣʣͷͻƻľЩˡ
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Ůǰʰọ̀شԼָס
ָ׷΢ɫа׵㣬岻
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ϴúܸɾƮС꣬ԺߵԺҪһδʯ·Ьȴɸɾûմһɫ
Сӣžͦǳġ
誴֮ɫӹŮóѩĽǹһڣ̳ӯǻͣоһɿζɬ
촽һڿƱ㷭ӿȥ
ѩһ֣ĺǻڱִ̼
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촽δ㣬ͬϵ嵭γǿҵķŷ˵
ʮġ϶УҲ̲ס࿴˼ۡ
شͷԼЬӡ
һ˫ոµĸģƶɣøʵ
δЬӣڸո·ʱСģҲųŪذ壬ЬɸɾһˮҲûС
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ʮģü΢Щ⡣ͷʮӡ
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ĿϣƮƮʵʣȴͺ˪Уʹ˵ģ̩ɽǧѹϣͶһƬŨصӰ
̸ͷСҶ̴棬ѩ׵̻ңŮռã˻صһԡ
ƷǸӣ˵һͷ׷۹˵㡣
ᵽ׷̵شȴƲסشĿɬ
Ӽ֪Ҳһͷ׷ӶԼȴԼǴˣҵ䣬Ǳ
˸طҪͬ
ۿɬĵҲ޾顣
8/10
誳̵һ٣Ŀʹͷ
ôоҪˣ
ʲô֡סĵУʵ
̧ͷעų誣ֵͷȥ


3 
ʯͷ
øʯͷ֪г۲Ǯ
ŽǹʹѹסĨﲻסЦ⣬誾άԼɵ裺ʯͷ
Ц
겢δֻɴţά8/10
ϵͳʲôи
ʹ˸УŭʣƫִԳ
ԭֹŭ𣬳΢һ㡣
һ״ɱʢ˰뱭ҾƣȻǸԼȵġ
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Ĩǵľգͫˮģһʱ΢
յϵ֪㵽ʲô
һֱֵó˲ų誵ɫС˵
ǵȻ㻹ĹһЦָ
ָ⻮ȵļܸܵƤµѪҺʣڽȼգǳҽϾ赸ԭһůκһ
˽ʣǼǳӵΡ
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߱ĵȻ֪үĺڣۿǾѹܴ
͹۵뵽һ⡣
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үض棬ӹ̫ˣү桭
ǻֱˣץץͷԼһɫߣȥҾ̳ˡ
9/1010/10΢Цûüɢϵͳƺʲôһ㣬Ϳ֨֨ٵ
9/108/107/10
誣
ôˣ
ɶάˡɶ7/10
üɵɿ֣˼⡣
ųһľϵԼ·ע⣬ûܷѩɫĶպһƬ
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촽ոôëƺҪɨ֮ϣǿװ򶨣Һ
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װ׽Ūģüʱѹ͵ȫǶŪ⣺ߣϽڴǸ׷ң˴㲻֪ܣ㵹ŤŤĪ˵㲻֪Ҹʲô
԰׵ָס°ͣƤⶼˣģﻯƬĸѪ죬ڵ¶ίŭ⣬ƺڳĬŴ誵Ļ
ЦЦȻûзŹĴ㡣
˶үΪܹڳңң㲻ͬ
뽫뻳ѹȸУȴԷѹЩ
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ɶ8/10
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⣬Щϰԣ㰲Ż·Ͼ͵ҷź򣬡ЦǼ·Ѿ˸ˣҵۡ
һֱĬĳr·ʱͻȻ۾ڣ١誵һ񣬵ͷĿȴе˵ˣǼ·ȱʳŴճģұ֤Ҳ˵ۡ
ŶƤĵͻƿˣЦЦҵû˻˵ġ
rĬƬ̣ϵعڵϿͷֱ̧ͦͷų誣ڵĿԨǼ·
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Ƶƹ£r¨ʱó˳촩ļ£ĽϸĲ£ףһһ߷ѡ
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ڳrͷϿƮrֱǰֻܿ誹ƽѥڱֱ˫Ⱥǽסխ
ںڵĳϣ΢΢Цݴۡ
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Ŷͷֵصƣ۰Լڵϡ
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ֱϨ˯ʱ̣ȥź˯
10/10ɣԵѵˣвա
үû·˵ˡѩڳԺѡһѾͷ¸ɾƽʱҲ࣬ûʲôۣѵý췢ɧ
ŵĺȡҵһԵľʩϣѩȴֹ̧ˡ
ӽԺⷿźĻórȡ񷢹ڣڴرͷƤӹճȥһ˾ȻѾƣͷڶó˲٣ڷɢЩ
һ粻ˣûȻϲʱգͻ
ѩΪҪŵ̹ģүū첻ö໰үūߡԽԽֻţʱүԲϲrԼƫĻү
ͷ۵üģҪѩ˼ֻrЩһʱ֪νʱ⴫rɳƵ
ˣҿԽ𡣡
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ؼңѩղסüֻǽղźˣҳҵԺ°ҵ·ϴȫɳr𡣡»ǳʮϹܼңų誳󣬰ѳǼõ֮һ
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ûжɫʣȥ԰׵ĵɫŨīزʵֻʣڵ͸ɫͫףĴꡣ
ϵĴѾȥվſ˫ʾr¡rָΪŴֲڵļ룬ָ׼úܸɾûһϸɳ
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촽ĳrɿ誵죬תšüͷϷ˵ӦһĶɡ
γrһӺ󣬳ܲˣ࣬γrϹڣºüƺߣ׽˳rְֽ֣ô·
סֵĳrƺһסԼȥһס˳誵ʱ˵ţ̫ϸˡ
žઽ⿪ĵ̺ϣ۱ɢ˲٣׽ֽ⿪ϵ۱ɿһЩ
˳ų誵ǣŽ⿪üڿۣѻɫӲų׽⿪¶˿£ԭ˵ÿ¶Ŵ󿪿ڣںڵķɢӨ׵ؿڣڵڣ׵ס
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л˵
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4 
סˡrɫջĿ⣬⣬Ŀбӵؽּϵǹľʩ˳ȥ
ŴĳÿѴɢҵĳrĶһ𡣡
˵ĽŲһ٣rֱӵȳ誷
⸱ľͷ˵ӳ誺Цغһ
һΪū͵ԾҲûУԳˣЩС⡣
˵İ㾴ηѹԭǸС۵һ
誵ƤӺܱԵһ㱡飬üͻյȧǣ¶С
ֻŵʱоЩ䣬סڱǿ˼ٿʱɫЩƣ룺ҰЬˡ
˫µƽѥںľϣƽϸĹ⣬ѥ쳣ɾɼ˲δ߹ʲô·
rȡѥӣࡣ
ͷŵһ˵֣󲿼ϸrһֱֻסĽűϸɫѪܣɫļ֮²ټ
ѥʰãִˮøɾ˫󣬳rû˳ȥ
һԴ׵ų誵һȴһϸ΢ĹǷ
ϵѾɽޱޱëů͡
rתߵůǵŵź򣿡
δ˵꣬rѾ̤ȥ
û׼ȥشƢﰵЦ
ŲͣԷ䣬ƵճrӰ
ϣЩƣشۣź̺ӦųǴӹǡ
Ƶĵƹ⹴˵˯⣬ɬۿĴԡ
ǿۣЩϸСѪ˿ϣ·ࡣ
֪⼸վҪ⣬Ű˼ϱ¨ǮȴôҲֻƵص©
ɼ̵˫ַ췸ʹľָĦ˿ѣȴǼ˺ü㲹ġĨ
ϵ̺ӣrݺݵ߬ģͷ̺С
ס˿ûѹֵʣĻȼƣδһ
ڵĺ¶˼̵ᣬϵû˶ȡ֮йɵһһ೤ĺҹĻ˾ðġ
ĵ񻨴󴲴׵ĳһű̺߳Է˯ŵĳr̲סһЦϻԹ
δĸش򶼲Ϩ˵ġỹ˯š
̺ã誴˸Ƿ۽Ǵ߳ӨӨ⣬˳Ϩش˯ȥˡ
δƼ˽̺Ӳɫع
ҹ簲ȥϣ͵ʱðߡ
ճrʱѾˣûڶūŸҺһ㣬Լ˯ġ
ʱҲ̫̺ӺŴˮϴ·ԺʱӼɨѾͷ̸Լ֡
rľˮĽŲһ٣ڹսǵǽš
ĿȥһѾͷЩ죬ӳ誷ȥǸ
ѩ㣬ǸҲ̫˰ɣձɴѾͷͱ߳ˡ
˵Ѿͷмȸߣѩ߷߲ƽ
ͣдɨɨ㣬ѩ𰴹۾ڣ˼б£һүشˡ
شǼѾͷһߴߴš
r֪ѩ˼̵ѾͷشĶǴѾͷ
ѾͷĵȼϸߣҲãɨѾͷרŮѾͷҪù١
һѾͷܼĺ٣ײѾͷˮˣջ𿳲ʲôӻҪ˵˰ڲ
Ѿͷǰ۰Ǽʵرųrֺѩ𰣬rȲЩҲ棬ǴתԶ·ˮ
1/5
鷿翾̿˱ĳͷЩ⣬ϵ˭órˡ
ϵͳ007˾ϰ壬ѹեſԱʱſۣ͵εεη˽ռrĸĿǰȣ0/5
˱ϵͳ˵ķֻܿĲ塣
ɫб侫ĿƼУ˵Ļ롣
ĿǰԵ㣬ͳͳӵ˽ֵϣֵΪ16ʱ誸оһůó֫ٺо泩ؿڵش٣֫Ҳδôˡ
ϸ壬ֳʣԵ㣬ֵ⣬òֵɫֵȵȣݲݿȥû滨ʲô뷨һԵ̳ЩȤ
ȥĿţҩ׹ǻ˵ˣƷӼѪʬ𼣣ĵϸİؼͬײ˦
һ۸ߵף100Ե𲽣ԳưûκȤȻζػ˹ȥȻһ²Ʒм˼ġ
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һоĵҩʱض࿴һۡ
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ǰʲôŵû誶Ļǳ飬ȥˡ
ⱲӶһֶ
ʣµĶûʲôɿģ誹ر̯˱
ԭгԭǶ֮˪٣˳֧ϵ岻ٵŴӱ̵㶫رǽ͹ֺó誡
ʴϻۣˣŲʱñ調ˡ
ҰģҲǸ֮š
ҲЩ£ϸ˱
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ѾҪӪóңȥֻᵽ񾩳ΪĪrṩδĸȨĳң֪֮ϸҪϵͳ˸Լ򵥵ؽ滻Ϊ誣ᶯҡԭľ顣
ԹŻܲƸΨ֮ԴڸϵĽǲɣ⸮ϰҵԴöγϰߣóȻͽĻ̡̻
ڲҵȾϿЩĽʡɱȻֻʣ¿Դ֡
óһϺõֽǺī֭Ժ󣬳誴дԼĿǰĴ㣺
ȾϸĽд²ҵʱ˼һд»ױƷ֡
ҲмգŮӴγòȻױƷȴޣȥ֬ѿ
ŹŮ಻ʤ糱ܴ׬һʡ
˼ϸڣΣױƷƷΪ²ҵ
ǰδʲôְҵڳǱһļУΨĶƬ̰οЩô
Ҷϲȴˣһ⣬ȻĶ۲ȴóȻ
ŴκһҺͳֹϸڵңؽ֮ڲҵ׿гɾͣȻĴֵ·硣
һԵӾţͻȻһѵ誷ëʽֽᴵɡ
ʱֵһӣп̶ȵһȦƵ㣬ĳŵʱ̣ڴ˴򣬵ȼյӦλãžવ
֮ǰҵλǳʱ룬ԼĪ糿˵ӣ˳ųԵ磬ûθڣƳŵʱ䣬˵ڿװִϢ˵ոպá
ϧ飬Ը鷿ճ̣ŵĲ£Լȥ
·ϣϵͳ
2/53/5
ηңüϵͳѵó
㸮һС˶ñá
課Ļɱˣû˵ҪԶֵ֣úߺ߸裬¶һЩ
ϵͳĻ۵Թ⣬Цᡣ
ĸС˸ҶԳrġ³衱⻷ء
û뵽ʱܼrҨһϺߴ˴ԱһСեǶų»ʮĵĿǿҪġ
ʱһ߽ûƿЩ׾誱㿴һ۲ŷǳr
rСȴ쳣׾زһߵ໨ƿĵʶʼǡ
ƿӼֵǧǮʱ򣬵Ըʲô۶ӡ
誼պϣջĿĳԷ
һδڣ̵Ůһ۵һ
￩һ£촦ȥ
ƿδ飬˿
rڵϳŻƿƿᣬѹЩɫǺð
課ɫƳrôҲôԭ˵ĿݶͲ
ؿ־磬ŵؼ࣬һԵǳﱾŷһһֹסˡ
ﰲҪȴ˫۾ڹעǸƿѹŵꡣ
ЦģǵģĮĵģֻġ
rѶ˶ֽţȴΪʮˮ
ֱʹֱµС˦̯ӣѡ
ۿЦյıһΡ
Į֯ΪϿɴԼ̤ȥȵṵ̣̊һ͵ɱߡ
4/5


5 
誶ǳʹһɫԷصͷȥƿʱͷ
Ҳһλ課˲죬պŽ˽
ǸͣȴͣŴз磬վڷھͲûǮ
ƼʱûĽţھ˭ǺһգնҪˡ
үɫЩˣȻūѰҩá
İС۾Ҳ󣬴ϷСӣЦʱ¶һŽЦȴᡣ
Щ˺ҩûϵȫֵ
뵽課ɵÿĳr
ҪȻǱˣͲӻļͥѩϼ˪
誸оrÿһ̣Ķڵ¡
ע⵽誵ҲƼ˳r˻ǿó誶Գrͬ
˭ūŻ˯ģ
ովߺʱƿصСձԸˮʱֽˡ
ղóȻȥ˳˵ùͷһﰲˣʲôҲûС
үԸֻۻܽrЩƿĥοrһͷ׷ģʡ
йЩصãǰȴϲ¶ʹɫÿʱĵĿȱԱܵõλŮӻõļ֡
ˣĪСëëŵүǴȥջĻүǰ۵ĺãЦֻ֣ǵЦųrûߣⰭүۡ
ĳrɫЩպ׼뿪
һֱһԲӣǲ֪ĻΪǸư͡
ûҲ֪ү氲ߣʱǣҼū̹̽زСΪֺõ誣˼֡
ҵģûһˬͣ죬ºЦܼңͷԸǱǿ
ϵЦһ誷ԼԽ޴ңæЦӴūʧһļǹүϾǴСųģҺͳ¸Ÿ缸۵úܣһû˷ִ磬ү𷣡
ܼˣʲôҪ˵Ŀ˵ɣ˱ûꡣЦһ˾
۾תתڳļˣ׻ǣע⵽rʱЬƺЩʱۡ
˶߸ɾˣźٺһЦ˸񣺡ūҺ̣ͷӡ£˵ϱȲۼңӡȴأⲻ
ֺͳһӣּ±ʺأǱ˭д£Թء
ؽķүһ֡
ؽ
ЦЦһۣɫһ衣
ԭеһҵľ飬ǿռգҵƵϵɱ
һǷ꣬һǧɣȦﶼʱʱóڸ
誷ǳף趨˾ô̺ߺء
̺شΪһò£rɨԺɨҶѩ׵ĳڹ쳣ҫۣҲмɨѾͷͬһɨȴһԶԶġ
һЦͶˣԽǱ裬ԽҪץסһݡ
ǳrΨһĵݣ뵽rٺһЦĸߵط뿪
ʱʱ̣rǰȴ֪Žڳǰ˽յķʳ
ûһ٣Ӳ˲־뿪ˡ
С͵Цһǰ췹ʳѾͷҧŶ˵л
ӣЩһ䲻УҲϰߵľˡ
5/5ɡ3ֵѵˣעա
ںԺй䣬rżȻǿվʮ£ҶȾɻ̣ҼȴŹ
rͻأðһ
ǳ誶ϷŪļ֤ߣͲʽԱ˿ȥ
صߺ޳ϴԣrֲڵƤͻȻȭͷݺݵظһȭ
֦У֦ŵ¸ڷ룬һ͸ӱһȭ˵٣ֱֱ׹ɲҵ˳rͷϣ䵽űߡ
ҵۣʶ˻һԴ
͵ЦrƵؿȥ
ڷ촽ĳ誽մɫֵۣɴŰɫҶǹųrЦ
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rʶرߣ򴽲˵
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Ҳǣȳѹиʮ˭Աա
̤ʯ壬ߵžȻССһŵĳrǰ̣վûȥͷ
Բ𡣡
ŵĳrϵӣ̧ͷֱų誣ڵӴűŤȴֱֱضų誡
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ҡҲǹҪӵģ㣬ˡrƿ߼ѿڣ˽ƺܷ˵϶Щ͡
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˵ЩʲôͻȻһ󹾹
rɫ৵غˣľګ¶ɫ
ңģǹģû룬͵͵ժӡ
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͸֭ˮӰ۵Ĺ㣬رֲ棬ȱƤö֭࣬ˮҲḻ
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ҩһЩѪĶ˵ʲộһಡ
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ʹɫרעϸϸд¹²ҵ뷨һ鿴ӵ֧ԭϵֲҲϸϸо˺ü飬Ȧ˼ⲻѵĵ̣λڶֵĸ
ķ˷糱󵨵ƺᱡĴжŮǵ׷ҵĳйоص֮ͣͱȽϲҵ
ԲҵȾΪֻ˼ӣ誾ȸ⼸ҵ̣ȥԿǱߵǴ·ʽ
Ųݲùڣ誾һֱ鷿ûӵķд˺üֽ
ǰһϲȺ飬ϲ鷨ֻϲʫŪ黭ʱЦˣ»˹ˡ
͸ֽĹ⽥課Ը˴ţ;ֻǳβ衣
һ»ϹҰգôϵȼͷСﱻ˰ӡ
ʹһšҵƻ顱һ£Ϩ𣬴ҹ·ʱõľСƣ׼ط˯̾rûԣԼûȥҲ֪ԼѾɣҲΪСƺ
ԵѩװһƬʿϵȻ䣬ǿ˼ھˣòĵĳ»ɫȣ𱰲ҿڣֻԼûү߶߶ˡ
óԷʱԲϼڣ˷ͷǵ˵ĳ̬ΪŴҲףŵȥϾϿڿԱ˵ԼˣԼԼֻûʣµĵġ


6 
ʱһûֻûӣҹھͳʱΪ˶ҲǾŵ㵽ʮһ㣬Ѿ˯ʱ䣬ѲߵĻӦû˻һˡ
ƿĴţ˳Ƶһյ´£ڵĹ⾰ֿ̨̨壬ﶼ˸飬һ
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ʯͷôˣҧ⡣
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£rŬ壬˫ֱԼȾСŴڸУ誷һһɷǺÿ
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誣εάַɸ߹޵裬ܼߵȡ
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˶٣ǿԼֱųϴ:Ҵˣ𷣡
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ſӵͣͣr˾ǣֽų棬Ķϳܹţȴó誾úȤ
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Žϴˣrź֪Լõĳ誸ոùĿӣ뵽˴Ծüߵĳ誡
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˯ڣһֱüü䲡̬Ѳء
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誱ϴŵϵƣ·ЬӣrˮֽţŰ
˯ʱƽȣθںó棬ɫѵúЩ忡˹ԣͣrڴر߲֪̬˺ܾò˳ȥ
ҵȼγrǵϨҲЩˣϸ̺ӿ۾˯ˡ
Ϩƺ۵һ̣rͻȻǸµĽ֡
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7 
ˣôûǸгrĹʳʱƲƲ죬Χȹϲϵͣ˸¡
ǺãԾһǮԼﵹ
Ӵ֪أ˼үأúһзСЦһÿվͰµۻʳѣߵүˡ
ţɵˣ֮ǰr˵үҲ£ôһգ۾ͳˣ
Сֻϵ˵ҿ㻹֪ɣrڿͶүһԵģүĸģ˵ûʲôɫ㿴⼸мūܺүߵýģᡪ
ѹЩС˹ӣߴŲƲ˵˿ǿrүطأˣүȥ⻹ųr
ʲôɫһЩشͷһֽʼ䣬СѾûˡ
˻ˡУҪүͳrʲôrҪǸ״Լܺù˼תתվȥѰ
ǿ⽻ģûϵֻ¡

⻹ǳrһҲΣŶˣմһ̴ɫۣ誴ϵġ
ںϣⷭӡ
ҳ誱ۻеݡ
ʱӡļȽݡǡأڹŴι壬ӡΪصľǡ
ҵӡǿ⡰
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ӡ֯Ǹ˼ҵҵӡȴӡͨ˼Ҳܴϵľޣϣɼг
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ĸǳҴ󡭡ɶϷüͷȻֹҴү
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rʱЯСӴ򿪵ݸϷᣬһڽŰ⡣
ϷุԣﶼЩɡ
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κ
ͣеĲƥֱֱų誣ĳrЩҪǰסߵ
ҳǮҼӹȥɱ⣬߷ֳɡ
ҳǮںδͷŲƥ촽һһϼ䣬м¸ֲƥͻ
ϷԼһۣո˵ʹɫװưϹǰɡ
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ϷӣزȢŮչӣǰЩȴ̻ŮˣֻʣӡȾա
Ǹɶõ˲š
һܵܶһЩϢ
ʣӽֵĿǰֵ:18
Ƚ٣誴㽡ֵӵ20ЩԱʱ֮衣
ͷڼ䣬ͻȻ˴һá
Ŀrһ˿úë죬ѵЦôôԡе̴ӵӡ
ӵһ٣ܿ˻ȥr˻ԭλá
ֻﷴղһЦͻȻһë
ԡвżֿȣϷ󴵺ӵۡ
µĲռֳɡ
ӦˡˬӦ
۳үµĹտɾͲֹǮˡ
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Ҳ֪ǰзǸ޵׶жԲߣ¹յĳأ
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⻰ֱ˵㣬ûӶ˶һûӦ෭˼ҳüͷɿϲ֮ɫлȻ֮״
͸үдµĽ̻壬ϳݷáҳʱѾ˴㣬ô˵ˣϷҲֻ̾˳ӡ
ҵ쳣˳磬·ʱÿ˴ţ֪ԼԳһ羰
Ƕ̴ŮȹҲ¶˫ţȺŹŮȹأݼҡɫϲɼȾѵúȱ
··ɫһֽЯһ̿ʸr
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µͷͻȻôðrСȵЦһ£ָֺܿĳֽ誵鷢£״ƲⴥǰĶ䡣
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ҺлƵƹڣȻҪ¶ڡ
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˭׼㱧ҵġ˻ĳٻ˸λã۾۷رˡ
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ţ֪ͺá
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ˡ
ĺͻĹͷֱۣr˶طڴϸǺñӲȥ
ϵʧȥԴ͵ؽ˱ıѣﲻ˵߽
ֱﴫζڵ˿̿ȼůң΢


8 
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ͷҳҶǰڼԼСģлܵ͡ܡѧ誻е˷ܡ
лˡȫ誵rԼİбͨ˼·ӻá
ŰռжҪţȵٲ·
ƵԼǼ·³嵭ϲá
οⲼѣûȥ
Ժ˸ˣֵϴȥ
r򿪲һЩõ顣
֪ǳѡģϴרŸͯõġ
ȥɣ·ϵ壺Щû㲻ɻ
ǡrͷ˳ȥһĻ
üͷԾһ£r󳷼һЩ룺¡
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үȥʲôһҲЩţûԼնݲЩǹҲû⵵ˡ
©ƫҹ꣬ǸŮ˵
Ҳ죬ڳҶ꣬үУЫǡ
Ըūôģ
׼˵ڸϹɵһҲûȵүټˡ
ƫƫ¶ڣֻ糿ͰͰȥ˼ұƨɡ
Ҷûôֻ˵Ҫæͳrȥѧ
Сò誵̬ȣүǡҪϰʲôĸū٣οrһǩū
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ԣɫͫʷ˪ɫ̾Ϣ𣿡
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㡭Դ𾪵صɴ˫ųrļСܻعųrĺȭߡ
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Դ󻢲˿ӣٺںſֻúһƬ
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ѧôײӵ翪ʼϿεźţ˻˸ɫˡ
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ֱ̫ɽŻӵ߽ϪУﶬ̹ǵϪˮϵĻҳѪۡ
ʪϴ˺ü飬Ű·ѵϴôϡ
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˯ˡrŰţȴſһܵˡ
ǹ³бԺǰһۣˣһ͸ҿΡ


9 
rû誻
̸飬誽ոǺæġ
û뵽ûʪܵȥţǺͽźһһѽ
調Ϩ̱Ŀɫѵϲŭ
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r͵誵ɫһֽӵˮ
³֮󣬳rһ·ų誡
ϰӰ룬ûһֱš
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ʪܵİ׷ɢסպ½󣬳rͷȳʡ
º㣿ӿΣζļʴӳĳڹµȼѩ
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rҪſʧȥ
ԼԳô˵˵Լ裬ǲɱ˸ˡ
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УԼǸӲͷҹŰɣʲôʱͷٿڡ
һʱžһŹϡ
rǻ£ǣ󱳵ʱ۵̲סһҧסûϵ·δδˮû̼Һﶬķ类⡣
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ۡί͸ƣڳ誶ߡ
ͣҪƿ˵֣̾Ϣһֽrڻ
ۡ

ܺãֲ˵ˣġ
ƿrζԷȴצһ֡
Ĳˡ誷ųrͷɵ
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Ĺ͸ĴֽսrһҩĿζ̧۹Ȼһںҩڴϡ
ʶԼ˭Ĵϡ
յļһĻĻԺطţԼһ䣬һʱֹʹ誱ʱĳ
̲ζԵ͵ϸƤ塣
һrӴԾ
ʰôԺ͵ʱѩ𰣬誻ӡ
ˡѩָָ誷һԵһС䣺ⷿеĻү˵ɣ͸ߵ¾ˡ
ˣѩóһСɺеݸrү˵⼸㣬û˾ԼȥѧǵĳС
ѩ𰽫rƳţˡ
rͷ򿪴ɺУҩ
պôɺСȥѾʰúܸɾˣµĴ
ڴŴطѴɺϷȥؿ
ֱ˯ʱrҲû誣ϸ˵Ҳ㵥ˡ
ƿСûƣںڰų誵鷿ҡҷ滹һӰںͳ֣Ӧࡣ
֪˶ã鷿۲ͣ£ϨŶ
Ȼ࣬rſ߿ǣ誺˵䣬ˡ
ʱδrķ򿴹һۣѩſڵȳˣӭۣȻеߡ
rںڰãֱеƻϨعںڰ
ţѩ˳誵·˵ϰİ㣬Ҳų誸ı̺˯˯ϡ
42/100
ϴĳ:ôˡ
ҹķЩ䣬rźŰ屧˫¡
۰ͷ˫ϥŵһҹߡ
⼸æѾЩˣĿǰֵΪ20ЩϻһԵǿûõ
붬ˣǳɿҪˡ
µļĿͳ誵ľĽºܿҵ̡
ҵŵһ죬Ż˲һΪ˼·ģĵͨǶЩ棬ſֵ뷨˽ȥȴֲϲӡƯ
ףӡȻ˫ġĴ˸֣˫ӡ̾
Ư֮ǰӼӡǳƬĿ壬ҪöˡһСӳͣһۿ¡
ǳҿĵꡣ࣬ǰܵĳ»ӡ
үá
үӡǲ˵ϵ͵ˣҪǻȥֵĳɡںسһ·Ӷƨ
سóͷЦֻ·û뵽̶̼»ˡ
Щ¡سɨ˼ĲƥĵҸʱ䣬Ҫȥݷһλү
պ󣬳á
ŶׯϾȻ£λϣһڲ裬ǰվһòӢˣüޣа㣬мۡ
ǵģүɹų˵ͷ鷢۰н֮˹۲졣
ֵͬܣ誷²յ»ͷүׯӰɡ
Գϵԣׯӽӽճɡ
Ǯȥɷ¹ɫϿңʵҸһǿ󱾼ҾȼãڱΪү£ʱҸˣΪүǡ
صǸϵûǰ;ԣ˵֮ССϵ㲻ð֮棬Ѿã޿ɾȣҶȥ޵׶
Ŷ課ֱӴӦʲôء
ү⣬˱һӣȷ˱ֻݲݿץס˺ü֤Լ˵ı£Ҳܷ¡
調һ۹۱Ǳǹı˭һۣ£鷿нܵ˱ү
лүɴϲʮþˡ
ɣүͬڣ˸¿˵ǳһ˵һԵϣҲ˳ԡ


10 
˱ʱһֱڴģүʱܵô֪ʱ˼ۣȻ¿ӵ롣
ү˦ƹ񣬴ӲЩԴϴδ󲡹һֱ鷿꣬ĪǷʲô
ɡ誵ͷյһڡ
ѩζ滹ѩ׾Ө򻨣һӵŵĻ㡣
治ɫӹ˱סµİϲװʼ˱
Ƭ̺ɫ΢ڼ仹ҪܳͶĿ⡣
򴽳Ŀɻ˱֮ǰ˱ͬˣǼԵĴѾʱĿҲѾƽˡ
˵ܳ˱ѵ˭ͷ©ɣ
˱ʱɵı鲻ÿһûϲ̫
ϸĵ¿ʼ˱ÿһĿÿһ֧
ǵʽˣ˲ճԡաֽ֧͡ȥ˵½ʱá롱͡˱ȷʵֻвֵĴѾҳ޸ˣڵǺɻܸʲôϲ
ü誺Ų赹Ҳţɿ˱ʱָ棬һԵĲͷˡ
ȥɷ˱˱Ŀû⡣
һתһ·ˣүԸһ
˵޷Ȥ
һֱ˶ֻǽ֧ʱ˳ǣɵ˱ϵļ¼ַʽȻݣܲˣ½ʱպ֧ʱ
ֿ֧ܽƫд֧ƫд˱вͬĿһĿȻ
誵ͷȤʣڵ˱ɲʺдҪ˱ʽã
гصЦȻоʱүܸһ֧ʺһֽ
誵ͷǳܿͰֽˡ
ֽм仭ߣֻߣָֽź˵ԴΪ磬֧ÿһߵһ߱ɼ¼Ŀ˲˶ˣԼ½㣬ݡ
֮һЩ顣ɼ誻˼ȴ׳оġ
ԭ˱ϣ˱ЩڿʣյһҲ˲̬۾еĹ⣺岾岾
ɷ²豭˵˼壬岾Ʊ岾ǻɹۣǮׯתˣҸ˵ķǡ
ҼҴҵ󣬻ҲҪϸЩڻʱĿȥԼǡ
ΪȥʵǲʵھϲķǹŴʽʽ˵Ĺɷˣʾ֪ɶ˵⵽׵ĸز
ǻȡȥ֧һлأĽ͵Ʃһνף¿ⷿʮƥУȥʮƥУĿϸҪƾ֤ͬʱ¼˽ʱȥҲƽˣ
һ˵ô࣬Ҳ֪û⵽˼һԿ˵Ĳյ˵ڶʱǿԼ
ã˹ЧҲ棡Եú⣬˿
誺Цǳ˵ȥⷿǿ͸ү
ǳºæվл
óɺ誻һתҲһǣǸ㣿
⻰ͻȻ͵˳ɣඥϽץëʾֽϼͻ뷨û˵Ϻͳ˵
Цеؿųɷܱʼ飬ֻǳḴʽ˵ķɵĲǶͨ͸
˵֮ǰ֮ʱҵأѾĻˡ̧֣ǳ㽫˱˻Ū˱߶ϴӽһֱ˵
һæЦӭȷʵūģĸ˵ĺͿ˼Ǵ
誺Цһٹֻų˵˱¾ͽ£㽫Ŀ˵·дɡ
ү⡭ЩΪѵؿų誣ūʱˣܵģҪ˵ĻҲꡣ
£̳ϣǣҿúܿ졣
ڵɫ͵Ц
Ҫβ;ס̰Եٲ͡
ү˷ܵվһݡ
ˣȥɡ誻˶鷿ȥˣĹڷ֯ͼûü
ųɵ˷УϹάүб£үҲǻʶš
£Щ˱óɡе˷ӿȣ޲̴һóʶ
⡭ǿЦүһ񾩣βȺú죿ҹпǹټû֣Ǻɫūǲ˴үǰȥһūⱨ
ˣҡҡͷȥҲ١
ҭα˾ҵء
ȻʣǸ˼ɵ£߿˱ֽʺ˶ԣŷŻص˱ҳ
իݺСϪ
r磬r磿
һ˫ڳrǰ˻ӣórɢĿۻ
r磬Сڳrߣ˴ĸ첲ô﷢ѽ
һ緹ʱ򣬳rǲˣСҳ˾飬ϲȺϪ߷
rֻŵСϪСҲ٣תתĴ۾ЦǲǺ誸糳ѽ
ӳrҲڳʱŰr˵ûԴ䣬ֺǺǵؾͰ¸ˡ
Դ֮rϿΣȵһʱĬԣСҲҲûӹҲìܲórԽӳĬ
ܣ
ʶԳr˵ǳİüԼûкͳ˵ô㳳أ
ûСҡҡͷ
rϻػС۾ȴ˵˼䣬rֱľͷˣ˼⣬Ȼէ֣̽誸ôûѽ
ˡær۹˸һ£ֱܿһ̶ˮ
Ȼһᵽ誸rͻ˵
СǣԼһСܡ
˵ʵɣǲǺ誸糳ˡСذڰ֣һ졣
rͷ˫ϥֻҪһᵽͻһЩ¡
ͷĻ棬ҧгԼôʱ顣
˪ʱórƴһ
rְһӲݡ
ģϸСմ࿴ۣͲ˳ķˡ
̧ͷǿĻá
ݵӲݱԼ
շת롣
Ӷ԰ĺĲԶҲͻȻӡ
˭˶̲סš
ԶճסǸðɣͷߺޡ
̾ɵڲݵϣС֪Եظһ¡
ֵסĿ⣬r۷
Լİ׷
һͷڷЩ᲻ͬԡֽء
ǣͬĺͯЦ
ֻضҪԴӼԼͬ˵顣
̷ɳ̵ľ׮ϣװɽ̻塣
̫ģҪѰЩȤ
˰ǳ£Ҳϰߣ¶ݵܺͳӰ룬ҲӲͬ֡
Щƣرۣɲݵǻ
ŵõľ㣬Ҳüˮ
ʱˣͻȻϵζ
ѩһ
ħһӲ
rתͷɫԥؿڣʲôгܡ
ѽСһ̸֮ӣšʵҲһҪ˳ʱһһˣìˣ㳳ܡ
r˼ͷӲ˵ңӦãǺ˳ˡ
ô˵˵СԾͺ
rһȫ̸Сȥ֮¡
r磬誸ʱʲôû˵Сüʡ
rһ
СҲЩףô˵ء
ûҪ仰rúܿ졣
ֵСѽˣյһʣ˵˵ôˡ
С課ͬڳrǸ߸ϵȨߣǰСѾͷԸ緹ˣҿƽȵѣԳrֻͣƬ̡
˴һܡ
rԸĬԲϲȺԸزǣСܴԺܿ뵽˳r鷳߷߲ƽô誸磬Щһ
r۵
ԶײСʣųrѧܡ
ǳٵⲻֱһ١
ѧ鷨֣Ž˼Ҫ֮ԼrñʵƲдµŤŤһָһн
תʱ·ѵмѡ
ɢѧʱ˶϶ˣֻʣ³rһ˻ѧ֡
㻹ߣȥ߼һȦŷ⻹иûߡ
r˵һ
źͼɼ˵ͬһˣѧýҲѧסѧƧһСݡ
аɣźҡҡͷȥˡ
бֽϵıӰȻת˷򣬳rǰһСֽοܾ֮١
ֽ֮󣬳r˿űŰߡ
ϣڵ
ջĳʱظʱȻҹĻĺϣ̤·ǰһЦǳ誡
ɵö㣬ǱȥֻܿõһӰ
Žд֣rҲ֪ԼͣʲôĽŲǦһ㣬һҲá
˵ЦϢӳڵϵӰӴԼ˵˴˳
һİӺͳ誰üЦ˵䣬誾ЦһվȽˣ
ش𣬼ЦҲͶµϢ߶һ׷վڲԶǣڵڰҹУҹīɫŨء
Ҳ˵ˣ誺͸ղ̸ģˣЦüĿǰ
ϵľºۼҲǳ⡣
ҪһƬİ̼ķɫҪ˿ϺöѪ
˿ѾʼûԼ
rһһ߽誣Ŀڳһջء
ϵ˰Ϊǿʼۣ˿ڿ־еֿųrҪ־
ǵֽŹС˵кúϿΣûв棬Ҳû²˵Ļ


11 
˳rһֽۣӹǵֽ
rͷ۾ȴų誵ֶͷ
Թʱ̵̫õ誵Цգõ誵
·ͷϣֿƲסڴڳͫ׶˼֡
ָʹ⽩ӲʱһƲһ༫ģƺΪ˴˿̡
ʱ䲢δȥã˼ǧҲת˲
δֽʩһȤȱȱһ
ɢֽڿĦ
иεģѪ졣
׹ɢϣһ䵽rͷٶ۵ס˰벽մָ紦
ͷڴ𣬴˰̴ʹЦ顣
̶ǿӲ̧r°͡
ͷȼδϨĳѩӣ̵órҧסʹۿһǳˮɫ
課ͷѩӸĻ
rֱų誺ܾã˫ȭڣûС
㻹ջ̸һڣתͷԶԳ˵߰ɣ˵ýҹȥ¥
ƤһƣۿrⰭҺүۡ
rĿʩ˳Եİˣȭͷֽ˼֡
ֽţһŲס
誵֮£üĿӯӯЦȾɫԽᡣ
ԣ
ɲóȻ廰⽩ֻ֣ðвԹɫľ誵ϲŭ޳
rջվ˺Ժ䡣
ֱrȫ뿪課ŻůһЦ޷үЦˡ
£үƣļ˵ڱ𴦶ҪӴһˡɵûòס
ֻһʹӡ
̸ȴԳң˵ЩȺ档
үһЩҪȥĶɵͷˡ
ֳˣ課ҧ̸˶һһżɢڵϵֽš
һʰһĴңһʮġһűһн
ÿ͸Ĺ΢ɫ誵ͷһһϸ˳ֽֽŴɬź
¹Ÿ˴ֽĵƻӳ浾޵ü誴΢:
rһֵĳɹû鷿úװãһԼܵܡɳĽο֮С
ڴĳrſ߲֪Ĵڰޡ
ü˼
С˵誶ĲҲһֹġ
ֻ˺֮㹻ܵĹϵŻΪһ˵ģϲˡ
ϵԽõзԽŨҡ
ǰ֮ǲزϵ
ʶԣʶС
໥ǣԵոһսֻϲ򱯣վԸ
Сһѵ¶ʱ
ʲôǹ¶
¶ѽ㣬뿿һˣճһˣһˡĻͻѹ޳
ͻѹ޳
ۿΧʪ˼
誻֮ʱǾƹѲ⣬»ӳſ߶Էſڣڲ˼ɾơ
´һ´һֹ̧ס»߶۾Ц壬
Ա߶ˡ
үȥȾƣҲūҸ׵С˸ţôࡣ»޺˵˳ƲһԼװԼڲܾӵĳһۡ
ţ誵ͷܣ´κȾƻϵġ
´Σ»ҭԼʲôס
Ϊʲôϵͳһ˲⵽»ľұ仯ˡϵͳЩ档
ŶͲˡ
ƺ󲻸ҺСӴ
Ҳ㿴ĵǳԼڶ߾ɸҸŮԻѩԼڷڵһѾơ
һ¶ûߣˡ
ϵͳ̽
ԹŽӹֱ֮˵ҪȾ϶ã˵ҺȾƾһƣôͻͬҽƵغȾˡΪԱȲƵغȾƣƵغȾԾͺúܶˡ
ǻۡϵͳȻ𾴲ĬĬġǻҫʱС
¶ǣģָԼ˰뱭裬ߵ
˭誶豭ЩɵضţѵĸѾͷҪԼϯӰϺʱôߵѾͷˡ
۰ϵİɱòᡣ
ˣҡ
ѩƱϳȥȴųͷһʱиֲ˱Ѿͷֻórȥ
ϴɱıϸ崥δܻس誵ǣʱԼrս±ӵɡ
rŶ룬δ»滨ϣɫϼü̲ס˼ۡ
誺Ѿrʣôˣ𣿡
û¡rʶѿڣ΢
⻹ǳôһôºͶԼ
վЩײײȥæǰסˡ
ҲŮ·ʲô˻ܷʲôɣųrж˰ӵ
誱ȳrҪһЩųrʱͷסͷ˿һЩһʱ᲻ƿŵӳ˲շתոһǻ˳Ķз
ƫƫ飬͵ۼɫ۴ɣrɿ
ˣϵû˶rͷֻܿ誱ʱëµӰ
·֮ʱԴ󣬳üˡ
ɫͫһ˲̶ɵؾųrˮϼ
նĪڳrС
ȴקסͷЦſƫƫֲ˵һš
調ڵᣬ紺ů
rͷɻƳ̧ϾȻŵͷϡ
òԽԽСִ˸Ƿ
r˵꣬ϵѾ۾˯ȥˡ
ǡ̫ˡ
Ц̾誵ַŽһ߲ڴ߿誡
²ˣվԼע⣬ȴͷûиı䶼ܲ
һƳӣrС΢̵ʱָ˻ѸµҲһ㡣
ʱrڴԿǵı̺оȥ
ɾ࣬ɹĺۼ
ÿ˶ͬһܱĬشҲϢȻҪܾòܷ֡
ѵʱǱϵͳѵġ
ζܣüͷѻƫƫϵͳŴ򲻵ȻʲôƿҲӱһٴ
˼ϵͳЩգܿЩ誣oocˡ
Ŷûһ˿һԭ
Ȼаϵͳҭ:ǰĥrķɰ
ͣ誴סϵͳĻ֣̽ϸ˵һԭġ
ϵͳԣٴλеظйس誵ԭģ󣬳rڳ裬͡
ãͣ΢Ц㿴ֻ˵ܵ۸ǲǣ
šϵͳصúܽ
û˵˭۸ģû˵˭˭۸۸͵͵Цֲһû㿴ȲҲò𡣡
ϵͳѾﵽ53ȣȻЩ޷
Լﲻԡ
ooocҪֻҪɵĺãɣĺƭϵͳĬ޷֮ˡ
үջôЩʱˣˡų˷˺ü죬ÿնЩĵ
£ⱾҲ١ͷˣֲͣ֡
˲ǵĺǳ˽ǳΨѾͷ֮һҲҪЩ档
ǳЦ˷ʲô£үзԸ
ǳһŵүүȥš
ʱ򻹴ûˣЦж㣬̴Ҫպλպס
ڳҲЦŵǻǲҵļȿɿڡ
˵ĻãҲòϣ֮׽ķʽΨкȾƺʹܡ
˵ʳ޲ȴͷȥһԵǳһ̵Ĺ¶ûУճʱм»㱨һڡ
ɺ˾µ誹֧ˣ˽
òϣɿڣЩˣҲϸ¡ǵͿֱ࣬ԳǸԼɿʱΪҲ˼䡣
ֻЦŵͷ
ɫ䣬˵ֻ֮ʱһЩͷͷβԼһ飬һЩԡ
Ŷ˼ʾ
Ѳƶĵղ˵ƽ̯ʱҲ˽ȥ㿪ڣҲ鵽ǰ½֧ʮЩȥ˵ֱ֧ׯͽҲ¼˱Ȼȷм¼
ԥһڣбׯຬıׯӡ֮ȴʲ򲦸ׯ򲦸ʣ֪ȥͨ˱޷˶ԣϸ˲ŷÿӳһں˶ĿֵԽСǽƽ̯ÿϣһδ̯ꡣ
̯ˣҲˡ
ѹЦ˿ڲ裬ɼ治ɫһʱҲò뷨
ңɿڣҲȥ˼οⷿĿϵĴͿⷿĲ԰棬û㡣
˷վ㣬ͽȫȨ̲ɡƺףյسͷɡ
ĪЩŵĳ촽һڲ衣
ЦĳɵļͷȥоɫЩء
ȻѹҪԼ
Ǹ¡ɺһڲ裬΢ﻡȡ


12 
Ǳúܿ죬ܵƺѹѹӻǺͷʪĲҶﴵ޺ü¸ɾӡ
󲿷ѧĽͣתͷŰ췢ĳrʣСrǼô㣿
Ҳϣ£˰ɡrָſеʪȣغܿҪˡ
ȣˡ
Űߣżæס㿴ҪˣҪ߻ȥҲҪɡɣɡ𡣡
rûڣѾһɡղžһֱ֣ԭǲһɡ
ѵüźЦõ⺢rЩȾŬ˹ǣû¶һЦ
лrŽصͷɡ뿪ˡ
ıӰҡҡͷѧüŴȥˡ
⺢ӺǺãֻʱ̫һ͹ִ
ɵ죬ǰеѹ֣ͷƺ񵽼гظУҡҡ׹ʱܽѹ塣
r߹ǱļС
񾩳˵Ҳӣ򵥵Ҳ򵥣¾ͳǱϽֺ
ǱǾѧԺڳǱͨӺ˼ҾסĵطϽ񾩳ڣڳ񾩹Ͻڵ򣬶ӡ
ӵĶլԺ䣬ÿסʲôʲôӶÿϵϵ¥ջƵ꣬µСС̣ȫûϵġ
ǱϳסŵĶǲԸߵ˼ңӶ·ãҲ࣬õʱЩ͵˰һɹɹ̫
שߣǽƽϺþ£δ߻ȥѵܿһ칫Ҳ
rɡҴһ۾ͼߣüС̤һڵʱϸ΢ĽŲ
ŵĲӶһ˲µؼǰߣһһ䲽𽥷
ĽŲ俪ֻһˡ
һrĬһĽŲҲһ
һֻˡ
紵Юǣеɡ
β͸һ·ǱУڵյ͸¶ǵİ׹⣬ڻɾܳڵĵطrľƿ
дִľ˽סԴ󻢳һһӿʹ˾˴ͷѪҲû裬ȴrɽסˡ
޳ָŴֲڵļ룬ָָڻһС롣
Ǽ룬ֵʲôү
ƫƫôһ˫֣ԴһҲӲȥʹ̵ľеľҲ˿
ī۾׹⣬ޱں֮Գ˿ֱš
Сܼϴֹסͳľݺrͷϴȥ
ѸrӦѸһֻ߿СܣԴǱ˲䲻ע⣬һҧľٴγrȥ
ľͷ˳rͷߵƤѪ˲˳rŶǵһ˳յֻ
rɫһڣɬ˵룬˷ѣʱ䡣
֪𣬡ɤƵգˣֻ֣ˡ
룬
ɫӰórɫѾָޱ顣
Դ󻢺СܶһԴ볷ְӣСʹ˸ɫԷᡣ
һųrϴȥrȥһƲͷá
һƺߣԽԽݣٶȲ죬ֻ˵ǲֵ࣬һһҪϡ
ﲻϴrͻȻСܵĹƣеԴ󻢴ȥԴ㵫Ӻխˣһʱֻñܿؼλù䵽ֱϡ
ֱһһʹԴɫŭӣ
õһֻ֣һrȥ
һشڳrϣҧһֻеһԴ󻢷겻֪ʱѾʼƮ䣬ܡ
ȫrϹ˲ٲʣͷ˿Ѫֱ·ҲȾ˻ҺѪҲܣǽʵ˼ԴѾЩ
ţ´ÿϴ첻ˣСܻӣŲԴ󻢷ºݻ
ˣƤ˳Уˮʪ˳·órǸ硣
ᣬûôꡣ
ľĵطۣrȴĶͷϵˣôѪ֪ܲܲס
һͣԺǰһĨ˪̵ıӰɡͷѯſڵˡ
ˣ̧ۿžŴ졣
ţСˡŵͷ
ǻûңﵽ־ǽõ׳Ҳôʱ
лѩ𰣬˵ţѩͷóһѳɡɡβ׹һС񣺡Сӣɡڵģǰһѡ
Щֽ̿ӹԼֵƵɡrƽùӡ
΢Ц̸˼͸ˣߵںʱϵͳͻȻĲ
82
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ϵͳ񲥱ﾹȻ˱調Ц
Ȼһʹǵˣ⼸óɰе˱߷úüұׯ֤˵˲ɸrһһ
ΪĶʱȥˣ˳ǲŷȥׯҪ·ΪйܱɿŲš
ϵͳġ
ϵͳЩط:ɵĿ㡣
µϵͳ˵ĳн:ʱҽˮƽô
¡
ϵͳ¶ػصԹԴ꣬ʱʵ壬ֻ塣
һӵǻ۵ϵͳǿԽʱղ׽ԭʼк߼켣Ҳų誹۲硣
˵ôµҽƻܸ귢գ᲻ô˰οӦˣ誴۵Цѩ͵͵
˾û취ˣϵͳһʵˡ
ѩ˸λãԽԽɫء
ϵͳ˵ĻЦʵҲǡ
ľór
˫ǰʱʹ࣬ս֡
ϵīҳһţõȻѾˡ
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סǰһУӦñȴrһߵǽЩؿ۾
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ЩˣҲʧѪ̫ԭ
۾Ѳˡ
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ʵϤ
ϵͣˣۡ
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Ц΢ЦǷ̵ЦrеĳЦŵġ
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˭ѹˡ誰·ڳrϣûط˸ۡ
·ĳrҲ֪ԼˣԶһԲ
rԼôԶ誺Цؿһۡ
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rŤŤһһѰ
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rʪܵͷɢţỮͷƤһͷ׷Ÿɡ
r۸ͷĶ˵ʲôܣǵͨͨдɬĻֺ̿ʹ۽Ƿᷢ
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Ӿ⧲ز϶˿ڣr̲ס˿
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rʶϢ
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֪˹Թڻﲻ˸ˣrͷſڣһΣº㣬ڶΣͷѪеǲǻҪҰھʬ塣


13 
ᡣrʶҡͷڵ۾ǰ޹⣬սܷ˫۾ǳɾ峺
誺Ȼϳr޳ָЩ΢⣬ָġųr۽ǣſ誣ǻͻȻ쵽Ҫ
ۡ
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šrϸ
ı˯ɡ
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r۱Ϊϵʹ͵ջܣû뵽ۺܿ˯ˡ
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ЦôģεʲôˣţųrĶʣrڻüһ˸λ˯ȥˡ
úúã˵ˣЦõĳrıŵһͲˡ
ϵͳһŪôѹʲôءͻȻϵͳ
ϵͳ޷ҵĴ𰸡ϵͳش
ϵͳ˵:ϵͳֻڹ۲ΪУûеõݡ
課֪뵽ʲôûлӦ
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˼ҡͷ:һġ
ҪȥΡ
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ҲǸйٱģҧžôȣֵܱԼ˸Ӽ档
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һӣȳɫ·Сֵļ⣬ʵأһǸӡ
룬ôôôıء


14 
ͷӣҡҡӣӿɻϲ
ĺЦ:ϲ
ר׼ĴҲˣܲϲء
С࣬Ǯ
ٲȻС˵¸˳һȭ̵ͳɰȥ档
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ҴүɫбԺͯǧΪǿ׳Ļ
Ц˵̧һŰ߷ڵأѽӣ㲻һūţĪ˵ӾҲǹӵģȨû̺á
ʵһŵĳ᲻ŭҲԡ
үĲǹ˽𣬲Ĺӿ
ҵˣ̧ۿɫ΢䣺˿ûʸҵĶ
Цɣ˵ǣǱ빫ӴԼĻɡ
ҪгպͻؼҺظȥˡ
ϣĿͻȻӵ֣᣿
˫ֹԹԷŵϥ˵ūڡ
֪뵽ʲôͻȻ۾¶һЦƿãҲˡ
ҹ֮ǰ˸ŵѥϸнɫƣ̺ؼұ־
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誼һ˲뵽֡
м£ѶЩҷֲȻģλؼ竼Ҳš
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ܹ޳𣬾Ϳʲôˡ
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л˵
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15 
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߶֮󣬳r֪ԼûʾæְԴȥš
ˣҿԽ𣿡Թʵ
Ƶ鱻ƣ誱ˣɡ
rŶ룬СĹŲ÷紵誶ʾɸղλá
誳ųѩʵ£
̵ĻһórǰʱĮrɫƲͣЩؿڣҡˣģҾ
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ôͻȻôճˣüЦr˵æסڲٶ
ˣЦָָϵ̨ţͰЩ
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һͨ߷ǽϾѬǳֳģĺɫϳ̦ӲݣСԺżһСָĥͷ
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ĶŮɫһšüնڻް˿˵ӱǸ㲻˶𣿡
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⺢ӣӲ̫ãү֡˿ӱıӰݵۿ
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ڵһʱѾ˵һϮʬʬѾԡ·
СֱǵڶϮʬСʮŲ·ʮ㡣
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ȥ˵ƿӣʱȡľʩϵĺ׸ǵrϡ
ź󣬳r۾Ŵֽ˵Ӱ·˸Ƿֱ۾
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ȻҲţȷʵз񣬿ͷѾòģϵּҲȷʵһģһ
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̸ڵвСһ֧ʥһǳҳŮǳ誶ĵŮ
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үк£αʱΪ誳˲衣
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շˮ̽ĪΪһºδв
ǣ誴һڣڳҴ˶꣬ҲһһĺãһҲбʹ
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ڱǺָɳҰѹڱǻִĭЩˮе
ڱǵĭֻͱ˲Żֵ״һ͵ֻڻŵʱĭŻԲʬ
ɿüͷһ壬˿϶Ͳʬˡ
ͬһԣԩȪ֮Ҳð
⻰ò棬ŭĿӽˡ
ϤȻſվüȻ֮ǰӢ


16 
˵˭ԭŹӡ϶ʱ¶ı顣
ֵܣɸϽԲԳ˵⣬֮ǰҵλۡ
³誡Ӣʩһº棬ôͨһͨۡ
ӢӢû誻һ̬ѡ
ҲУӢ˵ĲܾԣѵԲɣ
ӢҲͷĥԵģƫƫɽҲǾȻλǲ
Ҳ֪⹫ӸĸҪ
ֹˮ׻жпֿܳڱǻĭ󡣡Ӣ࣬üŨһ;ĳࡣ
жЦһү̧鶾ڱϿŵģѩж
ѩ׾޶ھжӢʡ
屻µ˵߳ŭԹŽˣѵŹи߼
ӢޱӿڴͳһΪӢһ֮Ҫüæֵ
ȤضӢʲôƲ⡣
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ӢֶסƬֻ̣š
һҪȡ벻㣬ǰʶҲͳһˣһӦû¡
Ŷ㬽ӹס
ӢͳҲССһЩİߣ˶̲ס࿴˼ۡ
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޶ſġӢɾŻСС
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Сȵ̯һλţ©ץŽˮ̼̳ϴлͣüӸӵ˾Ѿʳָ󶯡
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ͼ𣿡Ӣʣ°򣬸ʻ죬һպⲻ⡣
Ӣ˫Ŀѹϸ΢˵ת˲ţ֮𡣡
Ϊ飬ΪƽԹ
ɳƵͼ
ƿԣĻҲġ
Դ㣬ֻաɵ
㵹ǵһΪƽˣӢݻЩǶҵһϿɣҵˣҡ
һʦѧſɳˣұѧԴãͬҵҲҼãлҴӢԼն໰
áӿ飬԰Ӣ϶Ϊڶˡ
أӢʵǳӣӢҲţ֣񾩳ϣǳϣݳϣһΪ̣һΪ٣һΪȨ
ҲǳϵӣЩ̧̬ͷƽԸҲͨһһԸٻ󣬶ԸԵԸƽ
ֻ־ʵڵףڨЦʵ
Ӣҡͷʣ־ҪҲҪٰŬҲضס
ҡЦ⣬ǻתһʱλɵۡ
ԸҲ˹ͬԸա
뻤ŵ򻧰Ҳ㡣
ҹʱ֣Ʋ㣬ѻ֦ͷĬͫ׽һө֮ҹ¶ټĬĬŶȻһưСԺ


17 
ɲĿӢһ£֣ȻҵװɡȻǱĽϨƣŵĴˣӢһδ̫ۡ
áӢӹ״ϣǼܽϴ󣬱ɵЩǿ
һϸ΢ĽŲͻȻĶ䡣
ꡣӢѸٽ󣬶Ժ䣬լ⴫˵ߺ
ʱĸ캮ضƳĺڳǱĴС˵İһ죬Ӻͭǰ
·լԺ˶٣ںںڵԺۣ޻㲻ͣǰѲӡ
ĹʧУӢıʾſԼ
ҹ㲻ܵҰʱδľףƽһ࣬ľӦںԺ
ȥԺӢϳݺȥߵúܿ쵫ûзһ
ɸں߲СĲȶһ֦ڼžҹԵøࡣ
˲ϢҲҳӢҲšüڡ
صʵʵ紵˿Ӣ߻ߵ㴩ѥӣ
ɵͷ
´θ£ٴӲЬףӢɵȱ𣺡·ʱƽŵĸ֣սŸŵء
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Ṧɰ档
ת˲֮˽Ժһľ׾ͣڿڵĺŴ
Ӣɿɣ˶һľȥɰӢľҿһԣȼ׼Ļӡ
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ӢͳǺɰȻȾɫƯ͹һĲࡣ
ǰ£ҺɹһµԭϣľȻ֪ľĴںͼֵͳһɫ
ǸŹ⣬ݿɰǰԱȸԡ
ɫ˿ӦľȾҲ뵽ˣľ˿Ĳø𲽰ɣȻҲϡ࿴ۡ
ǣ誺ЦͷɸѡԭϵեȾϣܷӲףĿǰҲֻˮһҲƥ
ƷҼϸ۾һҵ˭˿񡣡
ˣټԣʮ꣬ΧСˡӢס
˵誵̾
ص֮ʱӢǰȥˣ鱨ǡ
شٿֱӰԼֵ˰
Գóͳr档
誴˻ǰ˳ȥr
л˵
Сŵİʲô


18 
ʱŲûֵĳr
ſr
вű˪ɢ£rʱڵߵĳԺ󣬵ͷܿ˻
ؼκr±ʣܴޱϲ
ߵСʱrڱֱŵԼͷᡣ
һʱע⵽ֽϵӰ̧ͷײһ˫Цۡ
ˣüϲõ
誽Ŀͷ֣ɫrЦôôɵ
˻ֱͷġ
ʲôrںֻס誵֣ȻҲһƬ⡣
ôû棿Ц˸
r誵촵Ÿѿڡ
誳¯ǱȥΪװ¯̴ͨѣһԵľӽȥûǯŪ£¯Ļһ¾ˣ¶Ҳ𽥱ů
еĶ治֮ͬǰԺժӣζڸܣrųڱ¯˷͸֮⡣
֧°СԿһůУѩڰͬء
ǰǸ
ڽ°ڶ㣬˪֦ͷʱŵĹѩӴܵá
Ắѩʱõø죬ʳҲһòŵ·ǰɽʰѵֺͶȣɽӲ⡣
誾¯ȼѩrζۣѩ֦ͷµӦƽ
үһ˼rһɲת⡣
調ǹ
֮ʱrһ޻ʵĴɫͫסӳչ䡣
ǳᣬ誴ӱ¯rԣСԴԺ͸Ż㣬۾ͺû
rЩִشͷźۼͳһЩ
ͱ˿̫
΢̧һ۳ᣬѹ˵㡣
³ᡣᳯr֡
rӴս誶ң룬ؼңؼҡ䣬Ҫؼҿ
Щεԭأ誳֣˿˳ȥ
ܸоҪŵĺӲôϲ
˺Щٻȥ誽⿪rıλڶǵ˿Ѿָ̣ᴥŰĿϳrһȥɣ
rҡҡͷס½ֺôսЩɫͫ峺ˮ۰ͰͿų誵ᣬ
νļҸů⣬ܵƬ̡
ףҲûʲôǣҡ
rס誵ַԣϵůţĿųȥ߳Լ⡣
誣誴룬㣬ˣҪߡ
Ҫҡ
ˣҪ
Ҫߡ
ֻʵɫƲr߬ס誵䣬̧˸˸Ŀǰ֮⡣
ҪߣЦһ۴˳ųrĶḧ
rͷֵˡ
˵

ræӦЦ˳誡
ʲô鶼ңң
ţšrб̬Ļ
һ£ĶԸˡ
ǾͰֵ㣬Ҳϲ鷳ССר˵ִɳʡ
Ц⣬һŽǹƣһֳųr˹촽ɫͬ˿

rŲһԹԵӡ
ҹ˯ƣòУۡ
磬𣿡
ᣬЩġ
ŗСż򣬺ܿ誾˯˹ȥ˯üҲһƣ֮ɫ
rĨƽü壬Щ
ΪЩ£ô
ʶһr̷
պrϵ˺õĲ࣬򿴹Ҳ˵ûʲô󰭣調סԼ
rʱʱǰʼŤͷϴ
˼Ȼʣǳȥⷿ˼ƥòͳ£һЩͳrؼ̽ס
rߵʱ򣬺񲢲Ǻܸˡ
ŲƥľСǾᡣ
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Ӣͳɲ˺гֺһȥˡ
ʱ䣬ڳ´Ϣ
䱻ǳ﻽鷿ʱϻزסϲá
ԺСͯĿ򼵶ʻ۵ؿֵһͷƽǳȥ鷿
鷿ǳѾͷ͹¶صأҲǲƣͳɶ鷿͡
⵹ûʲôϾλڸҲǰӣǱ誷Ż
ƫƫrҲأܱòС
ˮ㳯תתҲΪһء
価Цݣ̤鷿ǳϷŸˡ񣬿Ĳ˼ҡ
ˡ׼ǰĥīʱ課Ż
üƣ֮ɫԣϻЩ纮ı죬۲ѣͲЩܶԼϡ
ү̫ˡԾվڳĦʮָǡܰÿһ뵡񾭡
ֺǰǸ誻ȥԡ
誵͵̾
˵ûǽʲôǰ˽Щ飿
û˲֪£Żش𣺡ЩҲ
ƽʱʲôйڣʡ
ϸ˼һǲº˭𣬲ٻؼңջȥԾơ
ôؼңĥ֣Ⱦƻŷ
Щѣ
һһʮ
ʮΣͳrߵϽţrͿԼ
ү˵Ҹİȫ˵źسʱⲻˡ
ŗޱ飺ٸңҾ㲻ȫ
ʵΧİ˵ĸоǳˣһͻĳ뻹òꡣ
˼׷ŵ̨һؼër߽ӣҲǲҲǡ
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ȣҾָû뵽rͦϽҲӦǳʲô¡
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Ѿ²ؼˣ֪Ƿ񰲺ãrŲӿͷǡ
֪ڼҿɻá
ʱŲ
ƾɵéǰһͷ߰׵ĸ˷ر¨
۾̫԰ͷߵľ룬ӹβ޳ɼΣórΣ
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۾ã¾͸壬¨Ҫô
šǿЦһ£Ͼ컨Ҳˡ
rӹ¨Ÿ¼ֶࣺô𣿡
̾˿ӣ»һμңǮ
r߬еͫкĹһţڣȥҵЩӣ˴Һܺãײصġ
rĶˣеİЩȣЩǡϣλүǸ˵ġ
ţr΢һˡ
Сʯͷչ￴
rԿϸȻ£дҶôộҲˣǳүĥ㣿ƴҲҪ
ræҡͷĸ˵ıҼãԼСŪģȣҶд֣㿴
rͳЯСӣƽС棬ӡġ
rŲϵ֣˵ƽrһΡǧġ֣ܹ߬úþͺãû°㰡չԼúþͺá
ҹúܺãҪҲúãrᱧסͻȻԣܸܲңﴰ˭򻵵ģ
ˣɻéݣ¶͵Цޣֲأ⼸Щ䣬۾壬ԭǴˣǷ紵ġ
ţȥ޴r۾ɬ۾˷ȥѰݺ
õ˿ɴͨеֽûеֻéݴպϡ
Ŵԭŵéݣɫ
мȱһǱ˹ߵġ
֮˳rѾ˼ƽϣϴλδͳ˵Ļʰѷò׼ȥ
ʯͷºԸ˲ΡΡסr
rЩԥͳ˵ǰͻȥ
ʯͷ˼ֳ˳r·үҴҵֻҪһ仰˸ǰҲһʱ䣬ͳ˷ٻȥɡ
˴Ӳݵײ̨ȥӺ̨ͣ¶Ц㿴ԵѬ⣬أûҵ
rı⼸仰õ֧飬á
Լ˸ũҴպr뵽ڴڴĳᣬҲ˽нԷ
Щ㱣ֱrظ˼ӲûӦrݺһۡ
ллĸϽ
ĸЦǺǵͻȻɬĨ۾:ޣǼʯͷ⺢ӣӶ˵㣬иǺ°СᰡԲ˳Բˡ
ĪɺѵĳڳrﲻŭҲԡ
µģûô
Ậڷźүҡ
ھƾֺ٩صĺسͻȻ磬ӵұλЦŶƱι˱ƣس٬Цź¡
ѰԼİֵһɶ
л˵
س죬ʯͷ


19 
ôûַ£ɫǡ
ԼǰʱѾȥһʱһһrû
˵ˣrͰˣܲʮĳҲ˰ɣ
үҪȥңǳ
ϵͳ88ɼrҲΪûܻ
ҡҡͷˡ˵˼Уrһɡ
Ϸ˶ˣūгȰɣǳѯʡ
誵ͷǳȥг˳߲ȥȡ
֮ʱǳɫԥүСүˣ˵үû
ԺСͯǲԺߣ⼸Ƶ֣ջȥ鷿ǰҲǳΪ谮СͯǳһǳԸ߳誡
һ뵽ǸӳҲһͷۣһĸ˻ȥδ̫飺ɡ
ȻүﻹзǳﰵԼǺŻǰ
үһľ߽
誵ͷ°ɡ
ǣЩܳ£Цóľĸϴүȥ˴νҲ鼸ڡɽ幩ԭүԿ
誳ڽЩޣɫɻƽ񣬿ڸ壬һζ
⣬ֳ˼Цζɽҩ
⣬Ӻɽҩүһɵҿǡɽ幩Ÿڶ࣬ܽػ䶹ѩϼΪֻ̽Ҫүȥǡ
㵹ģ誷¸ºͣ飿̸Ҳס
ɬףүǰʫʸ踳ұѧЩ
չգ㻹̹ϡ
丹ͻȻһߺεò֪룬ˣү
ȵȣ誳ΪûԷ
š䴹
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ǡ΢Ʋסϲõ¶СЦЦǱ˵㣬͵͵һջĿ⡣
¶Ժڵ課ˡ
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Ҳүϲġ
調ĲԽԽ̲סֹ䣺ԼԷˡ
ûһԵġ
ǡЩίͣ£ųеĲʱ߲ԾĻȡ
Сļǰˣϸǽͻü˼
ͷᡣ
ү֪⣬͸Ķɽ䣬Ȼչȴ⡣
ǿһ¡
Լ̧ۿвɫ졣
û°ɣ誻Ȼ
ȥ誼ɫ׻Ϊм֢ͻϽߵַ
үҡ侽ȵ̧ͷ²ͷʳ¶ʱżȻһɫ½ǡ
еĻ¶ǣųүңҲ̫˫۷ˮ⣬ܺһȦԳ
⳽ŶӴ˱ãɻrôվŲѯ˳誻ҴҾ͹ˣſڷһ
ôȥ°ʡ
rͷһۣתˡ
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գҪٿһҪŲסˡ
治ɫԼӻʵ
䲻ҿھֻܾܵȴ˸Щҩ಻ԡ
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鷿ŹǷתӿʱ䡣
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з֣ѯʡ
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ͷֻ֮죬Ѷأ˱ƺ˴ʱ䣬ղųɷտʼϦޡ졣
Ϧ޵ʱͺѱɵá
誳ǡյ䣬ȥһҡܾЩԾ
˼ǴõϢ誰ЩҪ黹÷Щ˫¡
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˵ҩŪˣȥѲͺüѼҲûܷҩ˵ÿڸƷֵһˮ
˵ɡ̾
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ΪʡǮڳǱӣºҲܿŴӼ̲ӣϳְ
С㣬лԣʡ
ͷǰ˵¸ϸʱͰ˵Լ˼иԣСҲǽ
С㣬ô᲻ʶ֡
̧Цǵһã
ˣ¶أȥɣ誼ˣϰ˵һ䣺£մȾ纮
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סԺʶȭͷһºЦˣҹүҶഩЩҲġ
šrתصԼķ
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ϸ˲ģ˵ӲûһǮ˵˵ѿᣬֱֱ᲻˵
λ˼ңɽϸ˺Ȱο˸죬αؽϣ๫ȥ޿㻹ŴǮ
ϸ˵ųɣð㣬ƽ𻨣ֶ˸˵ǰɣǲ֪֪߰ߣҵҪݶ֪Ů˶˵תߡ
ùã˰һ洹
סϸº͵ţαأ
ϸ˸뿪ˣһϢϲҧһȷüЦӴӣ׾λôƽЬȴȥ¡
лү˹񱻳סοؽ黳Ƕܰյһ˽Ӵæȥգعǡ
˺۵ͷһ·ͷһίıӰһԶ롣
治ǶɵһĿ̫ǣʱ񾭣Ż
˼ؿԼֵָһؽڡ
ûʵ˵ʲô
ʳָдĴָָǣ뿪ĵطб롣
ëʵ˻еļ롣
ߵͲעĽ䣬ͷŽҧָӱ죺ӱ
ӱһּۣҧָľͷСˡ
һͳʱӸõĸӱ˵ӱ벻Ը㡣
ӱŷľͷǱȥɼ״һʱ
˭˵⺢ɵģҪ
һԵ͵Ц
л˵
誴вˡ˺
r򽻵˴˲嵶
Ъˣ


20 
ΪֹϴεıݣСƾˣӱһһսǣ۾ֱɵɵؿųеĵġ
ĵΪִ˳ɻᱻŤ͹֣кܴһԭ򣬾ʵڲ̫ˡ
ϸƽƺ΢ӥụ̈ЩҲаһҵĳࡣ
ӱ𣿡誵ϥӱͷ׽æɻ˵ù㣿
ӱŰͷɲƾСһߣֻܸϽƾӱ
ŵ죬һ߳һ߿Ц
ӱ誴ӳһа֣ӱºЦؼ𣿡
ӱŰ֣ƺͷǸʲôСͻȻһţҪ
úúãҪָӱ:Ǹ߸磬ڸ
ϴϴ»ӱŰֿڳݲ壬ָָ߲۴ķ񣺡ľͷ
ľͷɿȥ֮ǰڷķС̳һƳڽ䡣
ӱ״ǰϲôʡ
𣿡ӱüɥ֪֪أԵġشˣղ
ĺܻӱǲɵִӶͳ黨:ԹԻشλ⣬ҾͰ鶼㰡
ţšӱɥİɫӣ黨̿ˮ
ָľ˵:ӱ˵⼸ڲľͷ
ţӱͷȻľͷ˴磡
ľͷ˴磿ɡ
򴽽ӱͷϸϸһ飬ֱ׵ĿӱЩµ˳誣ͻһ紵ɫɥ
һ治ɫ黨ǵݸӱһ·ˣˣ߰ɡ
ӱߺ󣬳課·ϵ壬תͷԳ˵Ҳˣ
ɵͷɫоɣΪΡһɫ¡
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׸ո磬ǳɷʱȴڰɫɥ´ɻĺɫ¡
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ʹ£һ˵㶼̴㣬̴ǺڣȻ㣬ζʣȼҸ硣
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Ӧǽ֥õɽࡣ
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ڱǸ÷΢նĻ죬ײŷͷ
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r첽߻ؼңղŽ޺ãȴֱջᱻƻ
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вӣ̬֣䣡Դŭ
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rۿԴ󻢵ɫһһɫϵķԽԽ٣ǲţˮһ
㲻ΪҲɱ˰ɣrͷĳ̬͵Ц
ֻһͷ׷Ƕԣò׵֣r֣вʱ¶ЦԴ󻢸϶ˣ˵һͷ׷ÿ㹻ˣˣҲġ
ŵ̾һ䣺ǰǷģġ
ͷ۰ʺʹԴŤεӰͿ־ֱųrֶ϶ſſңĴ⣬㣬ңҲҲ
ԭõģr͵ؼϵճԷǿ޵壬ӻΪȥˣ˵⻰ø죿
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ɡ״ų߽ڣ˶ٲѺѯʣɴһȥԺڱɢĹpǡ
Ѿ£¹̨ϣ̴󴿾
ŷ𣿡Ǳ𾭷һֺ֣̣
˿ڴЦҼһ˷ӵСۣ˷͵ѧ˵Ƥëд֣
ԭˣҶ̼ˡ誵
ŷ𣿡ŷЦյ𲻼ѣ𲻶ŷãԽɣԶɲܡ
ҵʱιҩЦȼ̬ƽЦݶԳ֮£ûһڡ
°ĭǰɱ˰Һ£Ц÷һշްնĵͷȫǽѵĸˡ
ҲѰҰ˼˵ĪҪҶ
ǰʣĪ
Ҹӱĺ£ǿ˰ա˵֮ʱºͣüȫһ
һ֮ƣ誵̾Ҳȷɵ֤ݡ
ָЬɳȴӲۣЦǶЩҲҡ
˼ʵϸ´ϻۡĵ
˲Լͷϵĸ˷ٵүԸⶾ˵˵ǰ
л˵
Сheָ·26
ֵ⿪誱Ľᣬ֤һȫǡ
û۵ĻҵһЩõƷʣµͻʧini


24 
ǰҲΪҰġ
Цùеķ𾭣ƤݻǱеֲ֣ڵָͷָƶ챻ĥ
ҴӲ֪ڳ̰ôǮǵǶǮ̾ʮʮ򰡣һʲƣ㹻κһͨ˼ٻһһծҲ㹻κһͨ˼Ҽ
ǡãǮɾͺ̻ŮСĵĸٻҺӱһԶծ
ЦɣֻĿԾỨ
£ô֪̰Ǯģ
ΪҲӯ飬˷ˣ誵
ҡҡͷӼ̳ǰóʯһ𾭵ȼݻƵҳµһɻҽ
Ҫȥ檣
ỨɱľȥŸǮѲ룬òѺͰԼͳȥˡ
˵Ѿ˵ǳᣬǸ߸ȫǼڽüͷȴʹؽ壬յͷΪһ̵ĻʹƤȴ֪޾
Ÿҵң˵ֻΪ̽˵û뵽ӦˣȰҿΪˣôأ
Ѿ˺ܶˣૣ߲
Ϊνİ׼Ҷȥ֮мңȥأ
Ÿҩָ񣬡ӦѾ鵽˰ɣpǡûйϵҩɱˡ
дͻȻ͵Ц̧ͷų誻ǵܲѪ˿ҴڣǸŮӣŮӶЩѡġ
Ů⣬ʿʿ֮⣬̿ҲŮ֮⣬˵Ҳ˷еҿԴӦˣΪ˵顣
лүүһ𣬿ԶֹЩԭ򡣡˲ɢͷ٣ָһһ±á
С㻹к£ƽ𻨱õķ٣誽˶С
ƽͳͭԾԼЦЦү߿гrһˣ
һֱɻ˳СֻƬߣ˲²⣬ŭͷƽʵУСò˵
rǣСһɱİװɡ
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С㣬ԭһֱҡ
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ԭ޼ҿɹ飬ԭͷܵõȡ
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ѩĹԶȥֻһء
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Ȼɿּɡѩڣƫִظı䣬ѰԼ˼֤ݡ
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Ӣסվȵ֪Ҳˣ
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('')Ľָ·26·


25 
ү˲١»԰ҩȥվһƳ誵ɫ
˰ǳҩǲУҩֶԺҩٶЩɡ
»һҲһҩүҲתǴ֮⼸Ĵ߶˲٣ӦҪ£ֵˣ壬˽ﻹ֧ϲΣȥɡ
ôʹã»ҡͷüܾ
ôʹã»еҩӹЩѾͷǣΪҶ꣬ҵĳСТһϲΣ쾭壿
Ǿ͡лү»з⣬ĨĨۿЩɬүĪЦūֻ󰡣үѾòū˵Щˡ
»С˶ҪȥµζѵʳԺٸүȥˡ
СԺˣү֮ǰкСƫЩ𣿡
˰»ڵ棬̾һǻġ
ˣӿ֧ⷿЩӸѰɡʱԳ˵
һ߷һߵͷ¹ڣͲ˵ɷ
㰡ֲ㲻Ͳ㹤ǮҿָҵֵģɱǰˡҨһƸɡ
ɴǷƣЦЦôңȻС
ҡͷ̾ɷŵִ»ΪʱӰľ²ˣɵ007ġ
Ҳգׯܻ²ˡ
̴Ҫȥ£뵽ڻڷĳŸϢҪһĻ˽̡
֪س컹ڲںԼһӡ
Ѿ¿ˮ̣׼˳һʾֱӰѺس칩ιسвԵԼ޹Ĳݸһ飬Ҳûеȵ
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ν£ɺʵ
誽ݸɣһĿĺȤζ˵հ
سū\뺯Ҷλպ硣
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ұϾʯմߡ
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ʱỹڲյŴͻȻ˿죬һ̳嵽ס˺УУʲôУ
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˰Ĳݸ֮أɤӻϰı˵:˵ܲţ㳽ɲƭ㣬вգᡣ
ҡͷ̾ƳrֽӶ̾Ϣ˼ЦǱҼӣҲū\Ķңؼҵļسƹġ
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ʯкܶ𣿡rԴö˴̧ʣ֪Ϊʲôоʯˡ
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rһ˲ӹöϤ壬ϸ鿴ûһ˲Сպãůһһ󣬴ڴһ˵ЩǷϡ
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Ҫȥr̽ҲȥԴ𡣡뿴˭ôҪó¡
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rҡҡͷһ⡣
誺ƢҸȾһȾ
ͷȾrɻؿ誡
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rоȵʪİɫָķػأͷƤʱϸ΢
ϴͷrܹܵĳĸ״ͿͷϣһӲҩ㡣
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ÿ֪Ժ˭ͷ
˵ԭﻹδἰŮҲ֪rŮߵһ
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ѩһף촽ѹ÷ޡ
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̫ûչˣ澵Ҳֻһʱ档
ʵԭ̫಻񣬵ʶ˾һۿ
ȻһЦ
δ˭Ӱȥʱ޿̣Լ
СrǲǿҪˣʵ
rң֪
ҸСrӿɺãȻǺҶģþ籾ˡ
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ھҪ𣿡r۾ʡ
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룬rս誺۾ĵط
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ֻ룬rһ誵ӣߡ
ڣδŲµԸ
ڴ˺Ŀ־壬ֱط꣬Ҳþ޷ͻȻĽᡣ
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ҪֻһС齣δҪģǽ誰ߣ粽롣
á誵ͷ
л˵
ҲǬrȰҲڣ
س:лл㳽ᣬܻ߰ҵ
:ÿһ̳ҵĹ¾ͻһ㣬үñٸҴʱ䣨ڣ


26 
ٴδξʱɾô
յһϤʹÿζһǻС
޹ڽ˿¯ﰲȼգѪζڸǣϸĴϵ÷ɫʹĵĥֱһɢ
ǴجΣ֪Ϊʲôһֱظξ
ֻ˿ʱ磬ǰһһء
ĸĸڹó׹˾ϰ࣬ͥף˳ҲӽΪڴѧһ
бķ˸кϱǰǽ
;ڵϴǷյľû˯þڵҲұۡ
˭֪᲻ٴαج
ûסۣʶһΡ
ǰ鱦ǶĽӣЩҪƿ
ƿһ̣ӽһֻ԰׵֣һڽԭüۿʱЩüʲôҲ˵Щظ
ڴЩԻʱӴӽ˳飬ʱЦ¡
߽ʱͻȻ̧ͷ¶Ц⣬ѩһɲƴۡ
С
ϵװֵͷ˿ԼֵطԼִǼɫĳۣʶԶһҡͷµҲҲҪĲˣʹ
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ˣӵͷͻȻЩ˵һȷʵˡ
ôӾÿֲܵһҲá
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ɤۣ־ѾҪû
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ô˵Ҳˡ
ͻȻоԼˡ
ƿһ㣬̧ͷ۽ǻδᡣ
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뺰֣ͼʱͶƬ
ûξȴñκһζҪʹ
һδǿѵġ
պõҪȥ۾˵
ŰߵſʱѾƽˣֱѵǰƿߵ˵زǰ
ϵع㡣
ز飬ĿԣλҸ
ʱﻹи˽زټһǸӡ
ʱһθӴԼֵƵī˽ǡײĵ͵͵˽Ĵ
Բ𡣡æǸȻ뿪ֱȴץס
ɻתӿīȡЩɵصǲļ㣿
˫ü۴ͻȻغϵϣۿٿغһȦסӵ·
ǣǸҽдʲô֣ڼЩͣӱЦˣʶڣ誡
һ̣ڼҪʲô
調źȻžžવһϽѴߵԼͣλӳóһֽݸˣô˵޾Ϳޡ
Բ𣬶Բ𡣡Ҳ֪Լ˵ʲôֹֻס᲻ֽͣߩ顣
㣬ʡ
˼˵ԼǱجβԵ
ЦˣŷøÿЦÿˡ
ڵزǰԵ˹δˣ
ҭ˵ʣأ
ЦݣŴãЦһġ
㣬ҲͻȻԵˡ
л˵
ңߡ


27 
ĵص㰲˺ؼͥԺ˵ͥԺһƺؼ԰˵Сˡ
԰ͤͨ˼أ滨ݣɳͤ಻ʤ
ʱûɣһǳɶʯ˽⣬æµ˷£ֱӢȥæһ׮̰۰ҲǺĿйء
Ц˵Ҽҵ˿ɲͽȥ
Ӣ˵彣ݸ誵Ѻ֮ñ
Щͷӣ誱㲻ٶȤӢֻҼү㣬ɲ书
ȻӢջ彣ͷ
˼ȥسҪһš
órԼӵͬУrĵܵܡ
һƱࡣ
ʱһһڵӣ΢΢ųĳrЩȻ
ʯо誵һʱʵ벻ͨôȡ֡
Ӵֻãʵʺ֡
ͬһصĴ䣬ƽӣ¾ƺװĳ𣬳ͬ˵ĳ졣
ûоֱҡͷҲԼ˵⻰ףүΪ˿ʯɣǸС
ȷʵǣ誵Ц˴δϤһʯȦ˵Ȧʣ֪յʯȦ˵Ŀɲֹһҡ
ʣµĻض˵˼лү
˺ظǰϺظſһλѾĲ鷨⡣
ݹһλС˲ͥԺȥ·һϸļȣһӱźظԳֵ֮Ľ
ȻýζҲ誰ЦسʵǸ֮ˣrЩȤȱȱǳr誺лصĶԻźۼǿԼƿۡ
԰С˺Ӷ£̤԰ĿҶӳѩ֦ҲӦ֣԰илȡůÿλǰ¯
΢ͬλĺسۡ
λ֮˴һɫƳۣɫ˿멣üĿЦͬһŮӽ̸Ů׹ЦȻ۽ۺۡ
Ů˵سվȴЦߵԣү
ζЦһؼҹһ²ɻãܰߣʳʣ
װû誻д̣س˸Ķү
ˣȴ֮ףسסӽλһԵλã
λһԵŮЦų誵ͷ誻Թ֣ºָԱߵλõСr
سųrЦʵǳүҪһλ
ҵܵܣrλҳһģࡣ
ԭˣسȻ״Цеضλ޹涨񼹫ɡ
ͷҸλ
سųʶҳ誶ֻЦӦлص̽
r͵ۿ誣ų誸ոǾ仰ζ
ջؼң͵Ÿ誴ʱδǩūֻͨĹӶ
ƭ
ʱȴϣĲźãԤУ誾һֽɶʧЧ졣
ͺܿʹԭտϯس첻òǰȥӦһ誵˿תͷʳrϰ𣿡
rƽչЩӦ
ҡҡͷrס誵ӣɫӰؿų誣µ¶һЦû¡
вʸҾͺá̧rͷ̾⺢ӹԵùˡ
λһԵŮӼ˹ϵЦүƴӣҿǸɾء
ļĶңºʵ
ŮʲôЦһЦ۽üʮŮеζһ۵ױʮضҪż޳үɡ
ңеС㣬СĽ㣿
ãױȻҶǼʱСүɣ
ױ֮ţ񾩹ŮǶһңʮѪĲжҳԼ֬꣬ȥվȽŸ
үĸǲ̹룬ױͺãٲˣҵ֧֣ױױԭ֬ˮչΣŮױһݡ
Ҳһŵĳױ̬Ⱦ͸ºˣСҲʯȦˣسǾ۵һɲֻԶٷġ
ױһ㣬סΨһ˫䣺үк뷨
һЦָ棬Ŀ⿴ͺس콻̸ˣݺ߰ף̬Щζױ˼ҼԪ
̣̣̣֬Ρ
ˣسѵ̻᣿
ҿֹڴˡױһ
سӴ˻صλ誺ױȻر졣
λվ˼ɣسЦһС˷Ըͽ÷ȡ
СȥܿŮȹüɢÿơ
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ȡšسŮ
r̺õһʱ
Ʒű÷ƣ誸оһĵߵЦҲȣ
rҡҡͷ課Ͳȡ
ٴһЩ誺Цͷ
ƹѲ֮件ЦлأΪֻ֣ϼ棬Ｘ˭˭٣¶Ǹһƽϡ
Ǿƺ֮ʱس¾ƱЦݵλյֻԼʯѣա
سɨһȦŮٴαľƱλĹˡ
ױسʯׯҶһǸиҵٮٮߡ
Ȼٮٮߣ񾩣Ҳ񾩣سͷһо̾ϢƫƫҪ߳񾩣õҲֻǣ
ĺױĲҶ֮ȷʵκسҡҡͷվҲʣϧ
ؼμ⣿ױ⶯
誰оƱԺس͵͵ͶӶתͷʳrֿ¡
ûͷġ
س°Цƺֱӿżɽ£齨̻ᡣ
Թʿụ̶̃ĩλģܶκ˵ĵλ֮ҲԿȡƾٵλʿͬкܶ˵ɷδиı䡣
ҪһҴãʵѡ
̻Ž̵Ǹۼĺð취
̻᲻ʧΪ취Ǽ֮ҪЩͷ»ǵԪƬ̵
λͷ˵˭ԸǸλĪɣ課廰ڲҵǰμͷҲҳ޵ڶҺòׯ
ү˼ͬǣױתЦ񾩱óԵĶҲôһ飬ȥġ
ۼж⣬򲻳ţسЦԸһݣ̻˺̰ӴλԸ˻߽Ϊߣд˹̹
˻ţ񾩡
Ҫ񾩳õĶһţҪ񾩣Լ֮ף񾩾õơ
س͵͵գգڴЦɫһڻݽذţϾҪ߳ȥ㲻ֻ񾩲лݣ°żǮơ
Ҫκҳҿɲһ
ȼһػԭЩԥױ¶ĵһˣױĶҲۣ
ŮӵдǣλѪƽ
һһԸ볯񾩵⣬سС˽ѱõľʹƵ˱С
ŨδѸʣԪؼ˾ƣ
ʹƣسٱңˣ͹ơ
͹ƿ˽̾ؼҲۺʱҲ˸ۡ
õ͹ƣر뾩Ǹ߹ϵǳ˶ڽ̻֮¸˼⣬ԭһʱͷľʱζҲЩ㡣
һϯ;س̸ۣ˽̻ζƣƶȣ޾ϸһ־ڱصõģҲǲ߻ѾãԸҵԸʮǡ
誶շԺس竵ӡ󣬳rų誶źسĿתֿ࣬˼ӡ
㷹½ˣɫҲǣ誸񣬺߱Ҳͬɢȥ
ϯĬֻ³誣rͺسλλϣسȵҰֵܣСûأ֪ڹ󸮿д
ؼ֮䲻αװ˰ɡ誺ЦһܲӵֱӲ𴩵
سǺһЦС˶̳Ӿʹƣүͦϲƣ̳
͵Ŀȥˣ誵ͷµлؼˡ
Gһһ£ųүռڣӦһ꣬سƸ誵Ӵ˹Ϊ񾩻ݴͻա
⣬誽ӹƱĦ»ûꡣ
ΣʱģسЩһʱȤ嶯ѳ˳ȥ
˵ɣһоƣֽƱü۴Цл
ʱؼС˽̳Ӿʹسſ۰ͰͿų誵⣬Ǻ˾Ÿ֪ҡ
ȻųrڳڵȺ
ӱųrʣ䲻䣬Ҳ֪سʲôëҪڱѩ︽ӹš
һϾǻںظſڡ
䡣rҡҡͷóָ䣬룬ϵ׹ڳϣҲ䡣
rȷʵȣų誵ʱ課ŸоԼж䡣
Źױǳµĳ誣rࣺ񼹫ӣ֪Ҫʲô𣬻ߡ
ɫЩᣬϾʵ벻ȱʲô
rҲѻشϸҲҡҡͷƬֿڵȱһߵ˰ɡ
Ǿһݵˣһ˫ЦĥĹ¼š
Ժһţ֦ͷϹŵѩ
rų誣þû˵
ʱ۵ˣ
šrס誡
ҪСңЦųųrͻȻڵСr벻ѧ书
л˵
ᣨϲ:ɹ˶һ
س죨ϲ:ɹ˶
ᣨε:  :
ߣϲ:дСrҪϷ


28 
ᱻһ󷹲˵ζˣСʳУͷĲһһȡźãûһ仰ͳȥˡ
зƶˮţ⣬С˻ش磬׷Ө͸
ǴӷΪسˣ֣̿ѵǷʢһ٣νգλȳԷȽҪ
ֱrСδͻȻ̽ͷŵóûҭԼ۵ô·û
س⹷ˣôʦĽ֣ͬŸҲǲܺǻͦĽ治Լҭôҵ´ǶС
ҹʳr벻ѧ书r˼͵ͷ롣
ʣҪѧ书Ϊʲô
պ֣书Ҳórܵˣ˫нʧаȫƾִ⡣
䷸ǲrѧĳԡ
rҡҡͷֻǾóʾѧѧȥѧ
䣬񣬿ɻˣҲƣѹˣԺϵ·ȡסr㣬Ҫһ֣
r𣺡뻤ˡ
𰸣ȻʧЦСôֻ뵽
·ϵĳѩζ磬ȴ̵شĵֱȫr˼Ƭ̣УҺõˡ
ԷǶȴҲƣ񣬵˽ʻˣĸˡ
˼оʶ˴𰸡
ļλò࣬һ˲뵽ֻһ
ټҲûУִڵһϣϰݡ
ܽѧ𣿡rСδǰʡ
̷Ӧ÷붼ˤ룺ܰܰүҸʵмˢӵģ
룬ҲʦţҪʦķںؼһǮô˵Ҳڽ
ţrͷȥˣ˵˵顣
СʯͷڴӯãӴҳ״ӣͽʦ
rûһ첽ˡ
ȵȣүһл˵ѵشСδrк
Ųǰ˼ͣ£rͷᡣ
ңøµ롭ɥ
rͲͣ
ճỹǶ泩شһ٣Գrĸмǡ
rɢѧȥ鷿
ˣüźس޸ĵ̻ƶȡ
۾ʹޱȣݽ󿪴Ҫճ̣ڼҪͳ㣬ʱһҲ鲻á
ҹˣ誷ƶȲԵλá
rµͷš
誾ʹó̳r书֮ǰϢʱڳ᲻һ㣬ʦӰƽɵһʦ˪ԴǱ
ór飬ǳöպѧ֮ǰ²ңóԳrѧһ㡣
ϾһʱԼһ˲ûˣôҲҲ
æţǹ˲㣬պѧҵϰǰһ«㲻˵̾αĵضң˭Ŷǵã
ˡr֣صͷ
·ӻ£rеĳ誣ϰɻԼٲǺô
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rڻ벻ΪӳƽƣѹϲתʱͣϢ
һ̫۵ģ֪¶Ҫһδ̽룬ãҪһδѡʹ
أִأϵأһ˳ϲһǡ
ٶЦЦٺò
rִҪų誣κγʵڹͻڵضʱΨһֱ˯ĳržҹӦ
һ̶ֳȣҲϢһȥϰߣûܼһ˯誷ʼϰߡ
ܾûһôôܣҪһ׽ıƿ֮ιĴ
ճ誾ͼŸس˵һ£Ҫʼʽϰ䣬ǰ鷿һڳյʱ䡣
ǳڳһϺĲ˿СһԷȲ衣
Ϻͷ͵ɹɹ̫Ҳѵô˸֣һӺһȲ衣
СrǲǳˣרŴӷõʳɡ
ɻ֮ǰrģ˵ͷǳúܿ졣
rһɫľװסںͿȣһţƤ𽥿ʼ糤ȹɣһͷ˳˿⡣
ʱ۴żʯƻʵrֵСʯͷͦģġǸĺӡ
rδüػһƿУ̺˼ͷǱһȭȭͷϤȸ͸ûüɾѪȭһЦ
Ӧ̫
ƹթòʱԶʱ׽͸ȭȭʯǽ֮ƣĿȣͬƽյɵԶrƾû幥ƹ켣ÿζȭͷҪʱ仺ܿ
ѹʽ׽Ū˲ġ
ؼʮΣrһЩеĹɣԱȭͷƿյϸܵĺˮӶͷĵ˻ҪѪһƬ̵Ķ־Ҫո
һִδйķ֮ѪҺڽڰ˶񾭡
ףá
һγʱȭͷֱֱr򦣬óᵽɤۣ˺üβ趼ûȽȥɿѵ⣬ûء
ȡ誾Ȼ²豭ؿˣΪrһѺ
ȭ򦲻룬rݵһηӦ֮죬̷rؾĺߣһ߲ɳrٽһȭٶȲҲڡ
ȭԷĵȻķһڿֻӰԼᵽһסһߣrͷȥѸתСһ㽫r˫סѹ¡
СӣĲһ͸ˡ
rѿѹ·ϵĻңŶߵ˿ɫԺ󲻻㡣
ҿ㣬׳ȣҲͣʺѧĳrͷЦ
üͷһ¾ЩԾʵ㲻ʦ˪ƽɲʹ
õİˮûûЦȻΪʲôʮΪʲôһȻҲͬĽףҪѡһӻؼҼ
Ҫ幩ӴУ˾ҪΪ⹩
᱾ǹ¶ƽɹͯ꣬ҲɹֵʦӵۣͬʦֵɽɽҰطܣѡΪ͵ĵҲûԹԡ
ûӴƽɵĽѵ뾭ʦȴĵشһ׵Ϊ͵ҲڰɽϹӣγɶСӵİ
󿪴ϣңҪźݾȷʵȽʺϳrͨ㲻پᡣ
ʱõϵͳͻȻˡ
ظrۺʣĿǰ2/100
ﲻɻԼǸɣȷĵ
ϵͳԺصǷɴٽĳɳһֱΪ봫ͳɴٽɳʽͬظϵͳȨһʮе
Ƭ̣ϵͳֵһġ
ԭǱԼ֮ǰϴˣ̿
պɢѧԺһһСӰлأ·Ѿͷ̲ס࿴ۣسżŰݷüᰲñųȥˡ
Ի̻ҪгĬ
ɽѩ룬񾩵ĴС洦ſڵľɵҲ£Ͽʼ껭ֽ˺͹ӡ
Ҫˡ
ѩѧñ㲻ٿţr鷿˼ң誷ʷתΪ־
ɽϿȣ誳˯͵͵˼ۣŷǱսε飬һʱ̾ǿڳr
еε룬Ҳǵĸоĺˬ
תۣ͵ʮˡ
죬Ͽʼһֱתڳrߣͣʾȥ档
rһصͷһŬģˡ
˼̾Ϣֱӳrе鱾ǳȥɡ
棬rоԼӳʼûԵ˵ȥʱӻɽȥЩ
С񣬡ЦŵͷɵôģǰֻСʱ
rų誳ŵʱͻȻԼһͷ׷ס誵Ӵͷ˵Բȥ𣿡
ȥԾ͵ĺӻ᲻
rһͷš
ǽҲˣ̽վЩ޷
ǣһߣ𣿡rСĿڡ
ʲôеģ課Цճϰǿ飬ûϲʲôҪʲôһֱԼԳr̫˲ʲô˵
ǣųrլԺȥһˣһ̨ͤˮ鿣ɰذѩĺþɫزк䣬̧ժڳrͷһƬҶûϲõģɣҲʵʲôĹԼԼ
۸ƶһزкɴӶͳһʳָrЩʳȥβɫĽʳңɾ̻ϲİĶףԵҲ
ζ̫ĳ⡣Ͻزһ䡣
rοһЦ⣬Եסĺȷʵϲ̫ƽĲˣǿüġ
ϲտֻʱһҪærʳһ㣬ü۲ԾͲ˪鷿ĻЩҲԼģ졣
rһ£סһԼЩΪʱ˻ʱû顣
΢ڽԼĻһ
ȥˡ
ΣŲŻӦrЩؿȥһ÷۵ˣͷЦС񰡡
ſڱտڶѽ
֪ҵϲãҲ֪ģϵֻһ߳ǲƣ᧿Σ
л˵
ˣˣ컹


29 
rĬƬ̣Լȫʣƣ᧿Σʲô˼
⣬ڿʧųrٳصͤȥСä
ʹܷ紦ߣɵ㶵ҲԼ
ɵСӻûء
Ȼͬäʲô˼rظоӦڳЦ֪еŴڳ˽Ų
оŵðС誻ͷ㻹ˣ
ûСrҡͷ
Ǽ°ЦŵǱﲻͿ飬ӵԼ̬ȣϲŭˡ
ƣָֻһ˿ӣ׶Ͽ᧿Σָ״ʮֵΣգ鼴ס𣿡
rͷ£ͤʯʯ÷꣬Ƕ÷ѩѵλã÷δţѩͣһգγ
ǲǣͷ׷ϳţʵ
rսһ˲Żǡ
С񣬡誺Цһ˵סr΢евζƭңǵõô˵ģ
κ¡rʵС²סĶƾ⡣
͵͵Ųһ㣬°Ϳų𷢴ʳ߬С
ҡβˮɢֲΪҰɫɳΨһɫ
r΢΢ͷų誵ߣЩƳɵʵңǲǺְܹ
ֻдӰ˲ĵطܱܿĿ⡣
ҪɽŲسΪй첻ꡣ
̹ʣ֮һҲ֡
ͱһöã롣
Ĳס
ô֣
rо誴չԼߣͷסɫͷ
ȴͷϣ
ôһ˴ߣϲű
ڳ課żϵıƴһһѿ·һ·
𣬡ժһкɣݰܵĻһ֪ĵ𣿡
Ψĵɫʱڶǡr佦ӯӯ⡣
ĵУɫ涷ޣɫ߽ţɫɫӺݻ󣬡ľмԭɫֹڻƣ׸޻̸̸֮Ϊɷ֪¹Թű֮ף
ֱϣɫΣΣƫɫѱѩͷʡ
簵ҹЮҪôܱܿ
괺գ룬ͬ԰ĵɡ
ҺƿŻ̲Ưأ΢˵Ĳٵĵ
泯һԵ˱ıɣ˾á
ظ̾һ
ı񻹲ףԼԭǶҫ۵ĴڣǼ͵ƷԻӲȵģõĶ
ʱܲҪӹ¶
óе
һֻοС׹úɫ׺ͷŰĴ๳Բÿһ϶ѡÿһҲͼ
Ǵ񡣡rϵ䡣
񣬡r۾ͷѩСʣôǰɫĶǵ˵޵ɫ
Ϊһֻ񰡣誺ЦƣҲɫ
Ư𣿡
ƯrŽͷ
ϲ֣С񡣡֪Է˽ǺΣѵ
ֲýһֱתr׹ϸҺãͻȻοյĽһСԲ顣
Ǻ񡣡rϸǿ飬誵
֣rͤһ⣬ϵ֣΢۵r
۾紵ˣ誴Ȥȥr۽⣺㲻ȥƣڴ˴Ҳ޷ֻҲδŴĽУʱܺͳrһȥͺˡ
Щʱٳȥŗ誡
䱾ǧɫвΪ桢Ӧ˹۵һ
βȥ
ͷӰ˫ƺ
誺ͳrͬҹУҪܲɢߺ
ʲôʲôʳrϲɫմӽδʲô˿涹ԣ㶹ƣͰ깴ˣŲԲȵ̯ǰһվĶʡ
Ҫ̹׳ϣԼԵĳɷ֡
Ϻ棿r̽ؿڣռǱߵĺüˡ
˭ϳû̴Ӧʵ
rͷ
ƺЩֺЦ۵ǲǿҶ࿴˼۲˵ԣ
r׹թˡ
㰡״ƿյüͷǨңҿԼԸ
ǨˡrҲ֪Լĸˣֱ׵˵
ãҡͷҿԳΪҪһ֡
ܳΪȫ
Ϊʲôܣrüͷһʡ
ЦƳһ۵ȫ˭أǺһԼһô
ʱór˳ùˣ⺢̫ǨȫûԼ;ˡ
ǰüϲжǶԳ˵õġ
ң֪ϲʲôrҡҡͷͻȻԼʵڵգ̫ͬԶ
֪ϲʲôǾͶԣץϺ̯ȥܻҵϲġ
Ⱥңȴ·̶̻ɫȾüۣҪ˼䣬ͬһ·Ѱϲٻ
ֵѺůr첽ϳ誣Ŀġ˵Ĳ΢á
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̯ŲЩֵ̿ӣС̯ûЩɽ亣ζѽǸϺġ
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һrһ䡣
̯ע⵽rһ˲r調ڵϰҲҵܵò
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ϺڷԵͷƵĸײϺϺѣζǻŨ硣
誳ʱڳκɽ亣ζһ̬鶼ͬǰҽһ£ǰ뿪ߵߣͬʡ
θ㲻ô󣬰¶ǾЩǿ̯һֱŵع۲ߣ¿ʱӭֵ̿ӣǲ棬Сòã
ȻʧЦûԼһһ̯ôϸ񾩳õϺ棬ܶ͡Ȼͳһҡ
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ϲ𣿡һǰһr
Ƥִ֥׺㣬ܵĥɰмǿڿ˲ڻrͷ
򡣡̾ǮrѾòµ˫ֲòڣòˡ
Ǿ͵ϣ㣬ˣҲ˷ЩҸϻ˸ħɣ룬ϰ嶩˼ʮа֣ϰֺǺǵֽ˺üָ㡣
Ҫǰ׼Ƶģrѵͷҧһŵǻ
۾
Ӧϲġ
죬ҪҪؼҿrһЩʡ
һ𣿡r۾ųʵ
һڸоԽԽϹˡ
ҪҶ˵𣿡̾ϢһЩԹ˵Ҫɶ˵Ļġ
ǿ㻹СӲϹꡣ
áԺϹr룬ѡôߣò¿ס
ģȥ࿴롣
ɵڶ쿴ĸڣΧת˺üȦԴǾܾ˳ȸг顣
ǺӢڸǰ۵Сۡ
֣Ҳ渮ϲɹ㰡һ
Ӣüұھǣ񾩶һϣԼԡ
һ㲻ԵĵЦƲ˵ǰճѾ㣬ϰٺиһʱֵԵҴ¼ãǸׯҡ
˫ɲ죬뿪ҲڣӢüи
֣ɱźӷɡ
ẓ́ӢԼǼиתɣл񡣡
ҲûʲôŻĸϵλ̴Ҳá
㲻һְλźãӢɵȲȥ
ǣʱñ䣬ʱӵůġ
rͳӦ֮ǰ԰İĵ񾩻ر쳹񾩣̰ﶼǰ档
ɺسļǣͷƷǳأ֮˲ԶǵĻһų͡
ͥԺĵ䣬ļrҲθߣܿӳ誵ļƽ꿪ʱֺĵ誵ǰӰͻȻ䰵
課ųٶ۵طӦѾˣѾЩˡ
ȥʱ̬ü۽Ƕ÷籦ʣƵīջЩԳĬԣԱ˵˼仰
س˵Ҫٰһʯͣrżɨ˼ۣƨʰԼһЩ߰Ļ뻰ȫûĳüˣӦٳ̡
ǹֶһ£鲻Ըϣ⼸ÿһrҪһܽԸ
ٺȾƣٳ̣鷿ҹҹذ
һһӦȥ汻ܽʱŷԼЩûˡ
ʯͣЩ۶ӣ誽ӹֽۣЩȤλʯղҺλʦѡе˼ˡ
л˵
˵ߣش豻˳ȥ
󿩳󿩣Ҫߵ
ˣɿֲսʬ


30 
ķűѩԺİĵҪůſջҲ̣˶ĵӷɢ䣬ʮ졣
һʼܴסЩɹȪˮźȣڳ誶ξĵҩڸƤڻź֡
Ҫǳ調϶ѳrµĵˡ
Ӣλ˼żĵ֪
˳誣Լ֣ӢΪɰƽʱЩʻ֣֪İĵѾȥƤ׼ݲ衣
̻õҵĶѾƣʺϳ誡
źس鷿߰ӵ֣ͣƣһƴһǽϵ޿̵ͬ˵ģǰȵ鷿ģ
⻰سδջ֣ⲻǿö
ٸףüβﲻʯȳӣ
곯ÿΪ˼Ⱥа˲չᣬմװƥ鱦һǮ˳ųӣҪĸ᳤ҵ׻˴ͷ̻ͨôɢˡ
ǮȥʹЧҲϲˣȻλһɢ
ɢ֮ǰһὫؼ
οǸ£سЦеϵİƿ֪Ҽﰲ裿
˲֪𣬲Ҫ˵ϻ誽سµİƿ߷ŵżϡ
سԹ̾ų誵⣬ҾڶԽԽˡ
ʶޣϾΪɣڣൻ޼زǮ
ȥ꣬ƽ͵ָϵ̨˵㿴һ۾ϲǰʮ⣬ĥʮգÿһξͽժһĵʱ˴ųrҪԺس춯֡
ǰߵżָܱſճ̴ľܣ˵ԭڴ˴ʵȥգһȥ
ǰ誻˵سæźƤ˭˭һϵơ
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չʯ࣬Ǳʯ飬誺ױÿƳһκ׵ΣԳҲϺͺؼұʯʯΪԭϣ˹ͬƷۣ񾩹ŮȦ˷ꡣ
鱦ϾǺؼҵس켱Űѳʯͷȥֳ˸Ǯ⡣
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ˣسϽɫﰲͬǹټҵӵŹˡ
誴˵̫ӵˣԭķɡ
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ϣ㵹ǺôĵӡвؾֺñȴҲǺôǣҡͷЦ
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31 
̰ϡůһʱʯʱֶ֮ǰܿˮ
Ÿͷţٸص˶һ鳡أ߸ߵ̨Ӵϸ滨ľȦΣһŮС
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㱭ȵݸrسͰԼЦִȴrס
Լǲû֣r۵
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ˡ˵ţŗһЦسϸ˰죬ŷʳָһ΢ɼĻۡ
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32 
ҹ˾誰үԻͼ˶ĵУӺݱݳޣү˵ֵضƣȻϸ˼ȲȺʤҲܶĿ
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rס誵ֽתæƿţ¶
ȻůԴñ˺࣬бۿԼһ춼ûеĳr庮ˣޣѪյĿô𣿡
䣬røһ㣬ɫѪȣů͡
˸ţ飬ʱʱ鱾䵽ҲûֻǵĮ¶ĪЩ̡
ͷ룬ĪǳrѪҲžˡ
鷭һ룬ͷ΢һ課r˯ˣ΢΢üԹ˾䣺ػؿ鶼˯ţҸʱ俼Ɀ񣬵ûѧ
rۿƽʱº͵ö࣬üչٹѩ˪պ࿴һ۶ҪˣԹԿ˵ģɰˡ
˵㶺Ū˼Ṵórͷɨ˲ҵľٶһ誱ڻ
һСĿȥrۣҲҳѯʡ
ں˯ʱrʱҲ˵¡
èèҪԵ㡣r߽
ԭèɿ°ѳrŪ˳ΣҲûÿˣֻ﷢
rů¯ɢϵĺůߵóҲˣ۴Ҳ˯һ
ΰѼ䣬дͬë£ܿڵξ
ظɢͬʹŮԽУҴҵͷҶ԰䣬س鱨Ŀϸ˼ͷŮŴãƬӢͱŮ
żɽܱˡ
ֱˣس鱨۵׻ǣѲͳ誽Բ´˷ʯ汻ˣ
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ʯųʱԬ񾩳ǰ˿ջססʮղʱ˷ӡ
δѶӢԬ񣬰л˺ü˽ȥѰ٣ͳrץ£һˬһɥ١
ôô˰ŹǷ˯죬̾rˣȫ᲻Ȥ
ѯһպû񣬳rŵǰһңֻܸϣr¶ҵǮҪȥӡ
ͳǮЩǮһֲڵСóһ۾Цһ죺ӴСʯͷء
r²ͷǸûСè۵ҡ
ٺ٣ʦ˵˵ͱͱԵĸСģ˵С񳤴۵úܣٹƼ߲·Ҳ͡
졣r򴽶èŻضУӰѳ˦¡
н£Ծǰɣ˵ˡ
·ʯ棬Ȼûȵ£ɻ̧ۣഫϷ
Сʦܣòսˡ
һЧʷЩr˵ľȥˡ
ѯʹüḷ̌rҵһǵûˣרŴһСӣʱֻ˵дҪɡ
ظϽ˵󣬳еĲ²ⶨʵˣдس̽ջ
rڸת˼ȦûᣬһСè͵£ǳ課µ͸ҲͰˣ³ԼŮӡ
ɳһ϶û
ڿջ̾ǳҲڲסƽʱòξ˵һ䣬ֻɥҡͷ
ջű죬ΪǺѯʯͷղ͡
үҡ誵
վŵүͺؼôˣ
Ϸź󣬳ݴ齴ߣջŲΪ˱⳱ʪõĴǸ߽ţܲԼ誵齱ƿô塣
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33 
ͬɿݵƤһ£ţ齱̾˿ʹͷɬү
Ԭǰջ·䣬ﶺգʯǹ̲齥ϣԬЯĿ˰ѾӣƸⴲ̧ۣ¸죬˴ĵ
ԭǧҶ֮ǽ֪ĵ͵죬ȴ룬Ĵһʧʧˡ
ۣĬˡ
ʱ񣿡س㿿ףڵóֽ׼Ϣ
գܿɬһЦұѳԸ㷹ȴһصھͷ񲻼ˡ
һݾͿ£ʣȹע˲֪˴Ҳ͵֮ġ
ɫѿȭͷһʱﱻûˣҵ¾òԾȻһͲˣ
Ļó誺һͣ°ûڲѡ
˾ʹǰö֮ˣ
գسͷֽۺã񾩳ǽߣǺѿ磬³Ҳ㿪߽˴ҲǴӳŽضϢ
ҵʱǣͻƵ㣬Ŵ֮죬к߿ڶഫʣžҲţ䵽ʵ۶Ҳ棬Ǻֱﻹû¶ͱȥ˽̫ؽһء
ʹƥϵ񾩣ʥּȨЭٸ׷رس˵Ц誣Ҳ㽣ƫسɹˡ
ھ¥ʦ־Ϊñطһϣ˫ȷʱס˵һ𱦱ĺͬУͷڼڲڸסһ鲻С
ʲôʦֱ֣Ŀ٬ЦЩСëëţҿ᲻ⱦ
Էҿڲϸȥһ̳˶ĵŽУοչʽײȤɵƯĵ
԰òԣӷſһ뾪ĵǧҶߵĵô⣿
ΪԸϺڲһЦҾǧҶ
ɴۿûЦ֮ɫľԣһӶʦ߶żŲҡ
ʦʲôʱˣǰڣҲ֪Ǿƾ˻ǴֳסԵǰƽˣΪ÷ĶʦֶҪ͵ˣ
ʲôûˣĿüҾŴʦֳֵĨѣЩߺʦֿҾͻȥˣż겻񾩿㣬˭֪Ȼ͵˸
ӣҲ鷸֮ˣ뿴ǲЦĴʦֶŭϧʧܸա
Ȼˣʵ˱ǣȻ񲻰һɧ񻹲֪ǧҶ
ˣʦ־ԺʹʦСˮݣʦ޴ʦԼǧҶ֮ͼᣬʦȡǧҶʦһַ߷߶ʱ
ǺСۡ
ʦ֪·񣿡סѿͨǧҶǾԱץǸϵĶˡ
תתӦǣ֪İɡṦ뿪ҲգǸһĲע⵽
ԿųץԼߡ
١ףҲΪʦֱΪŻˡ
ϧṦ֮ϣգۼӰͬȱƽǰ˫Σֺݺݵ³ͷٿھͿһˣǺڲµĵҲûټ
ץңҾͻȥ
֪ԼץֻṦܶûѧ
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û㣿ҳrͷĿrתƻӿȥˣ
ȣиѰˣԥү˵ҽջ˺ؼҡøϽ¸ߺس죬Ե첻µز£Դסֻʦʹʦ֣Ϊ˱ץ治֪ճ
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׷ۣrֲ񣬡Ҫ׷ʲô׷𣿡
誸͵ĸ첲̧ͷЦôӳԣǰŲڻ⸮ʳ̫嵭ĪϿζˡ
׷ۣǸۣ誼ֽϻһױУװںѹʵķĩ
кãr룬Ӧһ࣬調ɫ֪Ҳƣ֪ˡ
Ŵ׷Ǧ۽Ǹã課ȥжǦۡϵ׷۸ŮͿ֬ɢ֬壬ϲĨѵͨ͸Ȼķױ뵽ع¹һ۾һԡ
غؼң˵¡r֪´Ӳ;ϣ˵һĥīбʹɴ͸һ¾õºڳϣrԸʱһ㡣
ʱֵúܣҶ׹Ƭ˼ĵߵ룬һʱͿˣţץҲס޲һãһ㣬һ㣬ٶ࿴ʱ鷿ڻ谵ó誵
ʱúÿ죬񳽹ոջڣһת˲ŰղסĻţԷ˲˼ü̾üЦΣȫģҲ
誸±ߡrҲˣȨԼ¡
ƿŲŷͥԺ̾ҲңôˡrŶûá
缱ż꣬rܱܷ紦ߣ½½ձϣϲ;ϡ
֪ů֪Ըգ뵽ʲô﷢ᣬ̧rͷֶףr״΢΢ǽڷ䵽ͷ˿ϣЦס㳤ԶȥҶ᲻ϰߡ
r֪һһ֪ĸս誵Ҳ뿪а仰û˵ǸһҲߡ
߰ɡ£Ʋߣҹrû˫Ⱦʪ˱졣
һͲþ֦ⷽ⣬ʱ͸ùʡ
һ㲻ᡣ
ϵͳĸr뿪ʱ䲻ˣԭƫϵͳr뿪ʱϵͳ£;ͬ顣
ǸЩųrΣͰݰüϵͳܷĸõֵĴ𰸡
Ըı˵ˣЩע޷ġ
˼ǣʲôֹr뿪ʡ
ǡҲȫǣϵͳͬ˼䣬ø߼ܵ㷨ģ˹켣͹ɣ򣬾ϵͳ㣬Ѿ֪ĸĽ֣ۼ誺Ŭض޷ı䡣
Ϊ֤ȷԣûи߳誡
ߵĲЩҲ֪еʱ⻹ʣ죬滨ͷrʱתͷ˫ɫۡ
¹ͷ꣬ʱ֦ͶµӰҲÿײһغˮ㱼΢紵ϡ
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ԺĵҲʱá
ҹշתߣڼͻȻЩûʧ·ƿrţڴϵƺ˯ڴ߽ɫۡ
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˸Σ˵ϺλجΣҲǻǡ
ǰڼеĻ԰񵽹һֻ̣СһǷɫģûһë۾Ҳû쵹ŵôġ
һŮӶŵüΪ¶ŷɫƤ̿ȷʵЩֲ
ΡΡŵ˻ȥëůʱ˸Ӥڶȥרҵı䡣
ʮڣΪչ˺˺ܶ˼ǱչˣͻȻҪչСģ˷ܣ飬˺ܶרҡ
һ·Ŵӷ۱ںڣһһܣܣһëϳȫɾ˴̵¡
ϧĴԼ˼ͲסһҰѱȥ
͸գֻǽ黹ȴĵ׿ն类һ顣
ҹͣЪιʳϸչˣϣС飬СʱһειʳְѹСһйϺѡʵġ
һгһգＸƬΨһ֤ݡ
Ĵ񳤴򣬶Ư
Ȼˣ֮Ҳûк
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ԭ˯ĺظҶƿűһظſھվŸˣһ׳۵һ¶ˮĺۼվڴ˴ˡ
ƽ󣬰ݺؼس졣
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34 
δ׹ҽ֣˽üĿЦŹʮ㣬ȴīͶʹ佣ͣŮͨǰͥԺ
ͤƿرֱ֦ţ򾲷𳤽ʣѩ׽ʱסк⣬Ӽ䷢ײȻջغ֦˳뽣ʣֺ
Сʦܣ˵ģ
ʶ޵Ħ⽫ֳʯϣس쿴ոշʱͷ̵ڹбŭƣü񡣡
ٺһЦĨʯ̶µĻңʦֺþòôÿң
澰ڣָƣ̲è壺ˣ
Ựߴ˸ư𣬺þûʦˡ
سɲܾҪƳ۳ռڳС
ȻһҲ֮⣬ֻһͷֵСʦӣضؼ鷳ƽķ϶ൣ
޷סԵΨ֮ˣسڵʵ֪Ǿʱ㲻ˣܴһĵ
Ͼİѳ誵ȺʤȥùټҲĵ⡣
ӰʱţʱԾ񷭷ɣس찵ƽûһˣ۾˵ĳ᣺˶ˣɾȥ׷
׷ҡҡͷʹϧֻٲ£ʦֶʦָṦǸߵؼ
سջֺת뿪Ȼƽûһġ
ʲôָʲôױӹϾµĺӴ򿪣ͷķͬ׷Ǧ۶ͬ͸ϸǳ
ױָճһĨи£ױֱ֮ϻ޲ʣͿƺΣĨҼһ죬ͬϼԡ
Σ調ģЦױͬԼСãżΪָĻױƷ
֪û磬ûԼúöǿŵһʱҪõļ³޶֪û˸Ѱ
ЦӿЩįȻֻīһˮҲrս۵ףԲС˵˼仰СѾͷܵȥʲôѽ
誸硣ױСڻСѾͷĨƯɫ
誸磬С˵˵ôġСױܵ䣬СŮĹĵĻӤʣ֭ˮӣͫʷˮ⣬óĶ컯ˡ
СɵСʱrҲôɰƹȥrͷ飬߷ﻹаֿɰѾǷâ¶ģ
¹һۣ¹ƣֻۻƶĥС֪誸Щ͸СһŮľһͻƤˮҡ
ôģױ誹кøУϵ׽֮ЩҲʳ̲ЩԽأ課һЦ˵෽ӣѡ˼ֺʵĸ㣬ɫвͬسױЧɫ
ⷽңױȵؽӹ誸Ĳӣϸֳɡ
調ǲԼ֬ŽЩиԼ˷ӱѵãᲩǹŮĻģɺ
߷ֳɣҿ˦ƹҪɶ̫˳СͷСѾͷЦŴյڣһԵĳrƳһۺų䣬ܿԴߣųrɫЦ
ƤСͷѾ鱾ĳr߰ɣ´θͽ档
񾩻úǺһҪƷ񣬼ڶҲۣrʱĻһͱõСèֿƱ׹Щᡣ
ĥĥ䣬ǵҪͳ£
ǵárèպøȥ
ⲻ̫ɹװĿһֱʹ
˺ܾãÿÿrĸദʱԾ飬᲻Ƿ롣
ξ飬ƺǮҪĸծĸֱʧֽ
Ҫı뷨ûγɣϵͳѾ棺ĸǱתҪ㣬Ҫиţ򽫶гͷ
Ϊȷ飬ϵͳѽҪƶֱ޷κθԤ
һƬ䵽ļ䣬誷ʱƳrеĿ⣬͵͵һС
ʵ֪ɵСڸ⸱ɵȤ
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ʵǶȤֻϸ׼ŵӣǱ׾ֺʵ̫ɰ
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żϤĵСͷ΢ЦҲˣ֪ʱǸӵŴеȥǿĶš
ҲкЩ̤Ƴżޱŵĳr˻ȥ
ˣrѯʱôش鿴Щ޹͸һί˲˵˽Ժ𣿡
ǳ޻˵ȥˣʵСӲŵͨˣհԼ˽ȥ
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ں֡սʷأԺϵĶϷĨ˰Ҳ
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֪㻹ұԣγָ󣬡ˣأʦ֡
ۣ÷סƻؽʣʦ˵ȽԵУҪװν
㻹ûʦ֣ԲĵȻ֪ĵλãﻹҪұԣȫͿֱȡߡ
ǰ:˵ģץͻȥ
ͻȻЦŶԷļһֹס˵ĲͷЦе:ʦôң˵ʲôӦųҲǺƢ
Ƴһ:
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꽫ˮʪĶĨԺѵü¶޵Ц⡣
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ȥrӢͷţԭڴúȲ裬üض̵Ů˵Щʲôһ˲סˡ
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ηĿórܲrü:鿤͵ˣ
ưɽİͬһͰˮ£ѹrһͷ׷ѹͷǵ:ǣҡ
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ң̫ӿǳ񵱽ʥʱ򡭡
ǣһӵڹٵʻ紵˾Ȼͷѩɫ
жãš˪ʳ
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35 СԤ
Խ¥䣬粻﹬
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ݺ﹬ʱĪӳִӲ߸ɾȴָоһɱ
Īʺ֥Ϊ׹ϵԲ׽ʱĸ󻹱Ľ֮飬һδʵ̬
ĸĪƳ̱ԣǿϵҹⱭĸŵ£ͷŴĽڴ˽ƽ
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ûɥ֮Ȯ̫֮λ
ĻĪһֱе񾭣ʵ۱ȥԵʱļͻʺ϶ݼСҲŬֺãĸʶֻüԼɳĪǡ
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ˣû䣿ʲôӮˣžӮˣ֥ɫЩǰλȡ·㣬㣬㲻Ҫܲ
һ֮ӱ»һеĿʱ棬ôϷ̨ϱĳǣһ±Ъ˹ʷϵⲻͣŤƴճһЦ
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Ҫˣ룬֮˵ķԷѡ
Ԫʮ꣬ȣʺϲްԻТ»ʺʺƲ̰˴ʵصگТɽֹϳ
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Īջ˼:
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պһż͹ӡ񾩹ٸš
Тڹ»صַǳͶĸĵȴһֱڳͷʱܿrüгʱ鶼Ҳˡ
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ϻһŴϵͳһĵҩ涾ɱΣ֮ɫζ쳣
ҩδȻr뷨
ϵͳؼƽ֣ôĸΪؼƽܷӰӶӰ֣
ֻʮСʱ
һ͵ǰϽ
ĴƿڶδƤ⣬ȴѾܵڲľٶҪɱˡ
ҪɱˣΪ˾ˣֲԶֻ֣ܰѶĸԾȡ
ۼҼӣŷģҪһЩ˪꣬Ҫݵġ
ΥϵͳԸĳͷڹ˲ôࡣ
ͷŵʱ⼸ճrӳϽҪĸÿζϣĸڰʱЩɻɪһ£ֶֻؼǮ
ĸСƿһţºɴ¶һŕi־ϲүôˣ
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Сrûºסڣˣл㽲
ߺĸҩĬĬãһã⣬һֵͷԼ
Ӻ࣬ʺ·ɿڵʳҲؼҿҸ
ֲôҸ
ֱϻ̹Ị̇λõ˺ۣʱڳrǰʹݳЦҹ˾ֺľջҹĥַãѸпҪ˷衣
ûĥ
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ԥ¶һ˲誾Ϳ뷨
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ҲǻˣһڵϿŴƿǵ᲻֪Ϊ£Ҳǻ˰
Ĳǻˣôȥɱ֮£
ʶհһΣĸǰѴƿս
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ˣץסСӸǮأˣûУ⼸ھӶˡ
ûаϴθǮ𣿡ĸһŭֺ֣ݺݵȥһŰĸߵڵأ߳ŭʲô⣬ţӾǸ㵹ùˣ
ĸø첲סü۾ᣬr֪˫۲Ϊڵ´˵ģǿ޵ÿϹ˵ġ
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˳߿ʼʩ߾ȨսǱ䱾һҳ㷹ĥɱĵλ
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˵ĶǶԵģҪִˡ
Բү
վûܺģһˣ׹ɷ⽨Ϊǧǧ쳾ɳһ
ĸӻͳƿֻΪǮһҩĸȥƿˤ롣
ԸˤҲϸңñƵ죬ӴȲסĸĸ첲ƬϣʱѪģһƬ
һźջûСʯͷ־ñֲģǲҪ
ǳһ˲ңʱһͷ۾վ⣬һֻɱǡ
۾һʵ̫ˡ
лҩ뿪
ϵͳϣ¼Уݼɡ
Υ𣬳ڻݴ񣬵һǰĲһҲû
㲻òҵĻֻ˷Եѡ
ǰʾ޴ıɫĻʼһҵı
㿴Ϊ
µĽʹһһ󣬳誾Լصǰ֮ǰɢ˵ʹϼײսˡ
ָ÷Ѿˡ
ٽ˳r뿪Ҳϵͳ˵ţлһ档
ɫĻɫѪ죬ͷ׷ճ죬еԵس鵶˱޴ǽ϶ãƫƫĵܿеҪŤŷɱĺУ֮ʹ
Сrѣ벻ֻ̫࣬һͷǾǸϽϵrߡ
ǿĺòɶһ̤˭һЦĳr
紵ĺ䣬յۣ誵ϽʱһƬϵĵƺͨͷܶסҲݷ
үϵͣշѪˣ߰ɡ
rġսǣ֡
ȻҪȥη֪ʱԳһϸü۵ӣǱؿҲǹۣ۳誵ڻڸ翹
۾ûˣںǰϻģûûӡ
ѹ˳rѪͫһ˲һСr
ŗѪʪԭѩڵľ䵽ʱ΢΢һ¡
ͷ촽˶
˵Բ
ԼǸԲˡ
ɵĺˣϵͳͻȻ֡
˵Ҫͼıԭľ飬ȲʵϣĸԸͻö˽֣˵課Ҫš
ӱЩϵзǺ޶ۡ
ҾȲ誵
ǵģù˷Ե㣬Ҫܳͷ
ϵͳ䣬誾͸о౻˺ݺݾסһۣذһڵϣճѪӴǵ䡣
һϸü۵ҲһѹųrͻȻоһrѿѹƿȦΧ˲ŵΧһȦ
r˵Сıɫ³課Ұ׵ָ˱һѪŪ˳誵»ҳȴ᲻÷ſ
᱾˵ӳŗ̶ˮؼңٿǴһ£Ѫĳrŵøæ嵽ߡ
Сʯͷôˣ
ŗͷ
ǳһοrޡ
ʦԺ󡣡
һ
ٴڳˡ
л˵
QAQɱҡұߣڸѵӿ̸꣬ˡ


36 СԤ
ⲻ³ִ̰ˡѵ˼̫ɹˣ˵ϴûʵ۸ˣԹٸ࿼һЩﰵʾҪ
ʲô£ڳr黹ûŪǣҪϱ̲ȴ̲ͨ˲ܽ᰸
ǲǺͿˣ˼īոɵľڵԹ֮ʮ֮ϣǴն˵񾩳ôŰɱ׸永ɸҪְ飬ҪӾ
⡭ᣬ˼Բ٣永һҲӲ׷˼أæ׷ʣִкָ̣
ӣ˼¶Ц⣬ĺļȴ˲ն
ЧȣͲТ˳
ʱͷ׷飬аϣ̫ӻΪ˵飬·ġ
ڳмǺ˪üСͯд¼仰ʥ巹
ӫӫ⣬һ
ӫڵڶţǴλӽɵס
Żʺ󣬡˪ӹ̨ڣɫ׳һɴ˫ͫûǳ͵Ц⣬ΪһĶӵϵλǽ̫ˡ
ޣ˭ҲӲӦ
ޱǶͲӦλϵλ
˵޺ĺӻţĪӵսźӿֳϲ޵ĺںδ
£Ӻļ֮ڲԶˣ˪һתҹӫǶֻЩ󡣡
ǸΣĪ꼱׷ʵ
˪ֹסЦΪ췴ߣ߽
񾩵úܣҲǽˮڳɵǿְȣڴϻԲˮδԭЩ˲Ұܵɫͷϵ촽һĻš
سױһʱϢҩﲹƷһһ»ųֹɽȰȥڷء
ϵ³ת࣬ڵ֪誻Բʱһֱϳɳص˲㽫ӡ顣
Ұɣתɫû۵ףƽúúϢˡ
һֱϼѾͷѩǳųÿյĸϴѩÿ˳ȥʱ۾ʳүʱѣǳҡҡͷȰˡ
ų誵ĳɼҹûۣƣؿڴǳ¡
ӢʱɲŸ˯ţֻڳԱһۣŵ
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rҲŴСľͷɵģοǳƽϵˣ˵ʲôҲܷγr
֣Ӣüɫ΢ˣն
ͻȻ˸谵ķ䣬ڴϵʹطɹ˲æѯʣ⣬⣬ôˣ
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ߡ
һףϢ¸½ŷ볲Ѩ
ץɵ䣬̷ȣһˮ˳۽£֪Ǻˮᡣ
ӽԿ޵˻һૡ
ܲܡߡ
񣬲Ҫߺ
նϢʱrվδߣڸס죬Ｘûһ˿ߡ
Ҫˣ룬ܾûǰǸ죬ۺʱͱ¨ӣҲһһ߰ȥ
Ļûĵİ㲨ֻǻүʱӲתͷ˻ƵĵͱֵĹͷôˣ
˵ڵǲòᰡһֱûء
˵תҪߣrȵȡ
㶼Ҫˣʲô¸˵ҿ㴫֮ǰԣЩҲϤ
rȷʵлҪ˵ܽЩ齲˺ѪѾڵ»һ׵ڳģ̿ϣҧָдԼɱֵԭ
ᣬ֪課ô룬ûҪ
һˣҪ˵ĻҪ졣
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ָ϶ڰײɫĸɾճѪ۵ĳ˼շתĥվǵ̰ռϷ硣
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סɬƵһ䡣
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Ұѣ㣬ҰѶıꡣrϵĽ׹򿪰۽ȡƽǽ䡣
ų誵Ĵǽӻ̫
ʱŽǰզ࣬Ҳ֪λʲôݣĶҲˣ·ͻȻ˱꣬ӿų̸
үٸˣ˵ǡrת
ֻèʪ͸ĲصèɾڳԱ˵Ѱɣ㲻ϲСrֻèأ⡣
Ĳʪܵģԥһ´̵ر۷һ̾Ϣ
ԭѪѾģһƬ¿ּҲܸܵд֮ǻʹˮʪȾѪɫӳϻǵص䡣
Ѫᣬƫƫֻܴ޾
˵һ𣬱ûһѪ￴
л˵
ָһ㣬ôܼˡ
ҺĮǲ죬ѺǶ˾ˣԸһڿ졣
ɱ˵ǵ˼Ը뿪к֣ܶһֽϲ(᣼)һ룬ǲ־ڷˣ


37 
¶î˼ϣްտϿ۾ӣگ£桢췴ߣ㷢̡߽
췴Ҳ⣬ĪǻŮȡֽʣīɱСԸʵӰˡ
ηţŵĶնȴնﷸrһץס˳޺Ų䲻ͷ:Ϻӣʵ۷Ĵ£Ҳȥӹһ
ҲˣҲˣ󣬴磬ԴѯʣҲҲˣ
ɣһֱؽƳȥſʼη
յͻȻϸ΢˭Ҳ̲סҹǺһƬ
rź⣬ЩҰѾԼԼ͸׵ף룬誵ĲӦþҪˡ
뿪ǣٲ
Ķ鿴࣬ʵҲʮˣÿ˵϶ľrһֱ֮Ψһϵ
Ѻȥ˴æմս³Խ⼸ʮ·
źسæˣسΪֻдŸ˽տ֡
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r̵죬誾ˡ
100Ե20ѵˣעա
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֪rԶԴ˵Ǻܵģֻǻûܽʹ
һ»صǰǺϰߣ±۾
۾Ŀɺ죬ѩ׵ĳѡѣľõմӵ
Ŀڿʼѵʹ̲ס˳ɣ۾ϲ:⣬о
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֪ڻrɿЦõؿο:Ǹʵ۴Сrȥ߽һ㿴
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ϵıһڳǰ˻Σ:⣿
ã̧ͷ:ôˣ
ǰ죬յãɵĳĬóЩعζ̧ĳɵ:ûµġӦϵͳͷĺ֢
ʱϵͳҲ͵:һ¾ָܻ
û£ǿЦҽһֱ࣬ȥҴһ㿴
ҡҡͷ˵صѾȥˣֻڴϣָġè
ϸòӣɵϸһ٣𵱳ڳrҿֻ֮èȻľľ
ɵ͵Цţ۾ȴᡣ
ʱ䣬úô߲ҪȥЩֺⲻֺ֪ãֻҪڳ߱õ
룬ԼǮè˽ȥ
ʲôʱټ
ꡣϵͳ
꣬誽Ǯ̫̾ˡ
ոպΪףúõһ»˵سױ˶صسʱǰϲ
ŴҾ˺ԺŲʱ˷һѡ
Сġûɿ
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ү˫޶ǲˣ壬۲ϸųԺעµÿһүͻ˷æүһʱˣ
ȥĵɡ֣ûʶЩ㿪ĽӴ
˵ĵʱֻŵõһ㣬ḧЦ
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調ĵתͷ:ÿ𣿡
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࿴ͻȻ뵽һʣϼϡ
ƿۿԺİĵźۼջֵ:ÿ
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˼ƵǣңԶһߣrŻ֮ϵԲ£γƽǻĵ
·Ҫһ£յ꼾ˣһµóЩžʹʹϡ
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⴫ʵ:ˣǰû
ѩƿԴƸ˵:үϲȵأˣöֻѽɫĳβһǳѹ֦ⶼʹ
ϲȵɫϲãеִǽе
ǣҪ𣿡課ϲѩϲɫѯʵ
ҡҡͷѻƵĶ̱һߵö࣬ѻϲȵսףϲȵǳϲȺŹ:عǣϲȵխ˶Ⱥ鷳
⻰ѩЩµ³ɲһԺӾͱϲȵķҧҡ
ү涮񣬡Ҳϲ񣬺³һ˹µǳ̽βһֻˣˣū澼ؼоֻƯë˿һġ
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ϿȼխգϿֻһ죬öʱrվϿǰû·ۿû˺ôûֻߴٵ:ʰϿȣϾǻɳˡ
ҪrϿߵĵߣȾ֮ؾӸԴ;Ⱦ֮ȥ֮Ҳӱ
۱ĻҭסˣҲֱ˵ʲôģ͵ӵġתִǳˣŶӼխϿȡ
rվһԼһ룬ලһѣߣ
ƽϿŗͷͷ㼸ɿĿ϶ЩŶǰ˽
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˰㣬ܻϱûϢһ̭ȴһѾģ
⻰rһֱĶЩĺڷһ㣬伸ϸ䵽Ǽ⡣
ϸһ̧ͷȥ߸ߵϿ֮ʯ£Ӱһ㸲խ
쳷rߺһͣקϿܣҴʱڻ̫Զ
Ŀ̧ͷͷ˲Ŀѣ۶˷һǰӿϿȵˡ
Ͽȣʯ¡¡˿޺ţֽѱʯͷѹϲƶrĿ˿ڣҧǿܡ
˶ϿȺص̧ʯͷľʯͷʱҲѪۡ
𶯣Ѫø죡rüٵʯ¾ڻƶһֱŵ˱ޣȾңȾң
rע⵽ۻµ嵶õ׿һСʯ˿һЩ϶ѹ˲˳һȱѹϡãһʹһҽٺųrлʱڶ־ʯȴֺ¡¡¡
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ûĵطЩԭӳϿȵ˶ֱͦͦڵϣϲ˼ʸ
ʶɢͷһһ˹ȥ
˼Ͽ·ӰϿҲԸȥϿڼڣԶȻЩִֵ̿ˣãפɳصĲǾ
ǲɣ˼һƬ֫ȵϿȣ˰ɣҲܻӻǲС
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ĴĲʬЩӶüûлڣ˰ɡ
ϳ಻ҶԼֵû㳣ʶһıɱͳЩϤֻ˻š
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˵ǿܲţ6.10ҾͰǵĳдˣһ¹ȥˣ춼û׹Σ
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˸һźǰɣеĻҰһץǿĸͷǾҿĵøҲǲo(TTo)
⺮誱ϣƲϰһϧԺrΣٹ飡


38 
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ٺ٣ܶһһȥѵɡϳཫƳӪʻص齱ߣʪӲϵ۹Ѫ۵·
ѩɫĽë˲һ۳ֿסϳ
r˶Ӳĸ첲ڵ֮ͫǰİ˾˭
ϳ췴ѹסŗָ֣Կһ¡
Сӣ֮ȭ౨ǰɣ
rͷʹѣƵüסͷӦ֮УͷɿּһŻǿӡ
Сӣʲô֣ģϳɿѯʡ
rĬƬ̽ĵս̧ͷЩɻʹࡣ
ҡǵˡ
ǵˣϳɵˣΪrִ¶ԷĺףγrûδֵٶȱϳҲضãϳЦǸӡ
ԳrĹ򣬵ŵͻȻ¶ʹɫϳæֵû°ɣ
rȥ˫ϣɫס
ͷˣϳཹԴ˴ҽҽϺµòܻ࣬ѪмӦҲˣϳ೤̾ģ˭ô㡣
ҽҩϳȥãԼ˵£üëһ£Լ˭ǵãڻǰзϣôࣿ
٣ǾӪɶҪСӹãղ»е㹦򣬻мӦǸõģϳ಻Ϊңȥģ
úתȥϢĬˡ
½񾩳ǵۿɼرҲᱡĳ£仹ҪһԲӡ
ֲ֣õؽȡıˮָˣճϱʮݳ޵£صıڵؽŲ¾Ҫ
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ܳģ˳̻Щױ㵥Ҵݡ誽̧ںس졣
سûûƤʵҵǷأ
סˣԲȡ¶м˳͵ŰѺس÷ˡ
㲻棬ЦٵҼա
ⷬúسϡͿֻӱűˡ
ʱˮֻʣһ룬ӱյԱ۰ͰͿţӱ
һ飬ҪȥϽǽʲô
Ǹĵӣķ棬żóƺԼһʱˣҡҡͷַԼ뷨
ûҲ㣿誽ԺϵĲ˷ĳһԺ塣
ӱˡϰ˳ûӵģ֣ݸ誡
ǽǳҪĶ
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ڴųƹŴıҪоһ
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rٺ٣ʯͷϳûξ֮ǰ渮С˽˼䣬ǡüǵһ䡣
rʯ֮ߡ
ֻϧǼСܿͰˣ˵Ҫȥ׵ıҡ
⻰ʶrһ˲ͱϳһͷԺͽʯͷɣȡֵҲǸ˲ţ
ЩǱڵļԺͼϣrͷʹϳĻÿɷ
һϣʿѵԼʱ£ϳųrǹСӵӦݣֱǿȣǸѧǹĺӣԹͽ
ʦˡȻǲôǰrֵĵԼӦ˽̵ġ
Ӱ죬Ӱһϳ򣬡ʦҳԿ㣬һʦ͵ְɣ
rһƽϳവţòþӪ˴ҲͦģһŮˣϳѧЩʿҲΪš
r񲨶һ£ϳĵϷȻ˾ϲ̸ЩٵصҺþûˣҪҿҲӾ
Ӿrƫͷʡ
ϳЦ˼ǰΪѫ£Ȣ˼ҽεεС㣬úû
أr׷ʡ
ڣϳ̧ӪԶŨҹɫҡҷŵļһ谵ƻ˼ȣػ˰ɡ
Сʲô֣r¶飬﷢̡
ǿ˵һϳ࿨˿ǣӺʲôܣʲôšļǲˡ
誣r֣Ŀȼһػ磬ּ尾ʹоȴ񫣬ÿĵһΣľȼ֡
ԶԶԣҾͼǵǸ誣ϳͷС˵ģ誣񡣡
л˵
ôǣʲôޱǱǣͷģ˵ҪҵСǣһֻһǰɣ
ȸðˣעȸðˣһһµ


39 
δʱ䣬rӪԶһЩĵطǹư磬һ̩ɽѹǧѹȸС
ǹͬϳ̸ĳǹΪǹ׷磬֮һǹභϲǹͷѪգۼ伴ȡԷ
˵ֲͬıϤѣοrϰѸģƫƫּ죬ϳսΣ«ưЩӡ
صİӼѣҪԱȸ͵İҪŬü֡
Ů˱Ҫһ㣬ٹѾŲժҰˣ߾ҹ²󣬰ճǰ䣬·ĹӪ곿ǹŮ͵͵һ
rߺǹǱߣ˷ֵĹһԳr֣ЯҨһȵϡࡣ
˵ϡ࣬Ҫ״ӹӵܿ弸Ưס
r뻹˹ȥﱻŮս˵ƤŭŮһ۲Žݸr
Ҫңrָʡ
ͷɬذѳ£󣬻ŻɳеĿ㡣
˵³rᣬæͣǾʿࡣ
rͷһˮŨ˶ٵ࣬뻹лл
ŻӶЦҡҡͷлŶϡ
ǿŮҲЦɫǲǾ治ùëѪҹҹϣ
ĿԶߣrԼϵļ룬㱼ǵиԼ
ѧ䣬Ϊʲô
ǻصŬǸ˵ģƫƫЩһ壬߲ţֻ̫ܵԼɢ
̫ʲôʱ
Զɽƿһ⣬ŨɫȻϡЩ
ȻǲǸˣǲȥɺÿһ仰ÿһϰߣƽÿ˲䡣
˶ûȱϯ
誣Īһֲü˼ٿ̧۵һң
ǳ񾩳һ˼ͷ
ǹ֣Īǻ˼ռδıܵܵƽǳ誣Ӧûڲǡ
˼һݣɷԸȥ飿
񾩱ʢУĪ˸޹ص⡣
˼㶵¿Ȥ
ķɾмѣĪǴµ֣أȨ֮ϣ
ȵ볣ʵҪΪһŻʵ۸޲ҹ·ͣ䤱ҹһˮһڷ
ڱݳԱ󣬼ҼҶʡãǰ˿ڹһССıѣʱÿҰȡ
ӦҲдӸòıȴٳδ
Ҷ񾩴ıھͬпļ۸ڰܻӭٹҲԸ⻨ЩǮڻʱЪЪ
ʵ۶̫ЩĪζǴЩڱѣ޿СӺͬڷϣѱѳƷЩ۱գǣ²ֹһ
ĪʱĪŪڸʣ츣£
Ҳд⡣Īͷ
ǵĳ񾩷ֻᴫ˵Ǳص̻ޱ볯񾩺ѯǱ֮¡
س֪ǵˣҳ̸ȥ̽̽ܰȨá֪ѣޱҪ׳
ƹ㣬׬׬ҵ⡣Цس̰ģǮȻպֳ֧rҪЩ˥֮һ١
Ƶ񾩵ıսʿռ˿ȣٺò
˽Ķƫĳҹǣҵһ㡣
Ҫ뾩񽻸ϺױҷġسʶֽԣҲЩ³Ӧ
ҡͷҷ͵뺮ͬȥͺá»鷳ɶЩ
ٵƽ̹岻ãƽǰУͬڵĳ࣬²ʻ뾩ǡ
ʱ죬˶ɹٵģǰջײһͷ󺹵ˣŶ̺֣Ƥ̫˿ڣմˮﱻ˳
ǿס˻˻̿򻪹⾩߹ٺȨ಻ʤһΪֳ߱ײ˹ˣһҪ¡
ƣʧЩˮɡƿɫ֪˼԰
йû֮⣬æͷллӲ֣޻µĹͷɹҷ裬ûע⹫ӵĳ
ͷȥǵͷ򱭱ͷˡ
ЦջӵֵȥЩóײ
˲԰׵Ƥ̫¼ֱڷ⣬ɫͫǳ⣬ǹЦʱĿ촽˿ֱۣԶκȥ
ոλ˵ʲôǲãֻǵǸˡ
ϿᣬҲ֪Сrôˡֻ̾ƿ˵˼仰ͷ¶ļպϰ㷢ۡ
࿴Լʼֱ۵ջүȥ׼ɴ°ɡɴᱡɹ͸ų誳ŻƼȦͻᷢ졣
ȻǲŸյջѯݣȥޱ
ôü۳Ͷ٣Ҽү屾ޱĲǰǣѵ̻ʱҲϸ
˱Ⱥ£ͷֻһ̴ȥޱ󣬲ûи֪ԭɣ̬ǿƣ챿˵誼ᣬµ޷̸仰ѡ
úúã룬һֱءϲϽ롣
֪Ϊˣ̾׼һͬǰУȴסˣĿİ⣬λүү˵ֻǰͰĴţʳޱ
誽ŲһģЦһ£޷ңԼģȥʶʶޱǡʲôݺͺ̨ôŵҪ
ޱ֣Щ𰸺֮
Ȼʵϸ࣬ޱ˽µһլۡĳȣĵӣȻйɺ
ǽõıȻֱݳ޼ˡ
̴ź͹ˣ߽ݣиüŪа꣬ŽŲ̧ͷĿԼгЩʧ̬
ӲüǺۣһͷɫҪǸֽгˡ
ˣĪתȥʵʱˣӡ
л˵
죬죬or죬ǻҵģ԰ɣв


40 
֮ұ͵ںľϣīɷ裬ºһС
һʮµһڼԣǰֻ̧һͬӡ
˪˺ȥ˲䣬ٵع۲˳һɲǰ뿪ˡ
Ȼޱ
ĪǲĪ꽲˼䣬Īϲ֮ɫֺĪԾ˵һվš
ǻʵۣ誽ѯϵͳ
ϵͳȫϢգԱȺش:ǵġ
ʶҪĪС˪뿪λ:Сӣš
ֱˣ誵ͷƲ£Ÿ£ĪǾѳ:丸ʺʵ£Ȼ³ӳէ´Īˡ
ĪǣЦ⣬調Ī΢΢ü
滹ûζƾˡ
ҪڣĪͷһöº͵:޷Сᣬ˲£᷸󡣡
һö£Գ誵:һѡ
ִӣ۲ֺһš
ĪСģЦ:ޣڣԭΣһ͹һ˱ܣһ£̾ͳԵһƬ
ˣȻҪСЩ調ϳֵĿȱżָĦϸ
ҲҵòĪһӣϺӽڽڰˣһȱڡ
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Ī誻ܷЦŨлأȴ:ͬϴμʱ֮ܽ꣬һСޣӵýͷۡ
˶֮꣬ЩɾͣƱһúá
Ī껰ѹȸквó̳ͷ:ƱҲżȻ֣ʲôܡ԰Ѷ츣ڣǮ֮¿ŲŲ
˵󣿡ĪӴȥּȶһӣƱйأ
ѯʣʵʯˣѾ֪Ʊ֮ͷϡ
ĬõĪǵ:ӣĪǲ֪ʯ˸裬صõҪϱʺʹá
ʯûϢЩʯ˿ɣҲ٣ΨҩżҪʱûȱʵҪʯʲô
֪ĪֿԼЩĪ⽫Ϣ͸ȥ죬鵤ҩɷ켫֣鵤ȱһζʯ
Сӣǰ޳ɵҩ˰˵޸η㣿ĪٵٶŪ£誵ĺѾɾһɰܽб
̧֣ͣۿĪ:Σ
֪ھǣҲֻռѣȴ޵ĵҩȥĪһ֣Ӻӻһţžɢ
Ƥһ£ЩĪ磬ŶԷ
޴λ£û˿Ŀܣͬ׸⡣
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ȭͷסؿڵķŭ࣬治ɫ:ɱ²֮
Īߺ󣬳ſյһӣԵЦһûй˼ڷڵĪǡ
Īų뿪δҲû⣬誸ոλãüɢĺڰ塣
ûӷŻ¨һһ㿪ʼԭĪƷ֮ǰĽȣֻһ۾ܼºڰŲ
кڰԭ£誸ղһźӡ
Ӳͱˣϸֹܲжȣһţ޵ӰΧ
ʤת
ĪЦһ¡
ãɱˣֶһ
誻ʱƽ˾ȴóƺһƣ뻹û̿ڡ
һƽʱ䡣
ɼȥˣ誳дһŽޱˣһֱûдӷ
⼸쳯񾩵ıС귢˴仯۵Ľ£ޱǿкͳ񾩺ϿһҰ¥רƻı
лʵµңȨʹ󳼶ӿ¥ֻΪõһݱ
ⲻǱ׽ʵ۵ש
ֻԭżܽİգٴλصɿʵȡ
ֻڽճȥתһȦʱɫҰײˣൣƣ룬һ밲
ҹɫȴ䲻˼䣬ֹÿһңϿջ¥ʱ¿
߽Щŵϵľĳ誵:үôǰrʱų誣Ѿܾû誺Ⱦˡ
ݵӰƺΪֽӲһ˲ͷ࣬Ⱦ˫ձһ죬һԾֺգգ:СrȻͷۡ
òᣬǵórѾȥù˵ľƹüˣҲˣȥɣү
վ˱ûжҹ紵Ǽ죬ָոĵƻ૵:߰
ҹཫԼ۽⿪ǵȴƿˡ
˲ǣ࿴Цһ¡
䣬誵ЩأԼ£ֻҪ룬޺ãʲôò
ǡֻһ·䣬Ҫôůͣ
²տʲô̽:үȥ׷ˣܲµһշ£ֱ¥ž䱳˾ǻʵۡ
㿴¥ǲǺܸߣָŵ¿ССܼȺ
ܸߡͷջӵصʮࡣ
ȥغ۰ɡ
⻰һ㶡
誱ۣ龰ָ֡
µļȣӸ߸ߵ¥֧ѪģһƬ
ǰ
մӹһ꣬µĵط¥ϵ˵ҽжûüһѪһء
ŵ̴ǸѾûϵһ峵ϡ
棬Ѿһˡ
Ҫȥ
˿ӹ֪ݲһ㣬ĵ:û죬춪ھǡ
֪𣿡ʡ
ҡҡͷ
һ֣ӣ˻ȣ˻䣬¶Զʵĸ߶ȡ
ҾﳤҲ֪ۣԵʹļ䣬ڲŲļĦɬ̶ִ
Ĳ֪ۣһ˳ѻʪҹЩ˵һϢԭ
ˣҵ˵Ѫ
ˣҵ˵ᡣ
ⷱ¥ҹĵƻҪɲݽ¶ȵȼ
л˵
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41 ʹԤ
ǰ׳˵ҶСӳúãŮӣɲðѱȥˡŮϲ⼸誽
װ껪ϸ̺߽Ǵ鱦ǶʢƼѹıڷ䴦ľ֮硣
˴Լαص٩񡣡֪ǻʵģ誻ǲǨŭǰŮӣӱһЩڴҲˡ
˵ʲôģҳˣֹ񣬡ĳ誵֣ȵͱΪˣϱ˸飬㶫ȻҲҪһЩŶԵȡ
룬ߵĶԶֲġ
𲻸ˣƣ̽һֽ齻誣ű²㣬һǾһۡݵģǸйְ
Ҵɨ飬һ㶣йְΣѲҲҪѧЩϳ
ɵСӣ쿩ЦйְԼҲھ㣬ؼ˭ǰλһȣǵͷĳ̬ʧ˳֡
ԭˣĬĬĥлӦ
㣬Ҷ˵֣£誣Ůϱϣȴٳûü˭ֵ
ǶźĴŮ˵
ӹ߻͵֪пͻҵεЦ޷˰ϹԭŮüԳŭ⣬ղŶԴ誵ˡ
調룬أǾԼһ˲ź
ɾڣ䲻мһۡȴܲ˳̺ͻʵ۵ӣװϧģպˣ߶ã誱̻̣˶㣬ش˶ǡ
̼պ飬ֻʵü滺ع͵ͨٺò
ⷱĽͷϾȻһвʹ
ߵĴŮקһɫ췢̵ĹŮҴҸ·תĿվ²̵´Ů
誽Լ˱µݸŮԸùﴫһԣͬһڵķϣɡ
ǹŮɫͷףӦͷŮǹŮȥǹŮϻͷų誣Ŵۣ̲ס
Ѿֻ߳ԼдͻȻһĬ󣬳ˡ
ϣõķչ
ʧȥһֱó誸оģ߳ʱǽ֮ſһֻѩ׵ʨèʨèֳ調ʮַܵһתͷſ˯
¶һЦ⣬ֽǮèóҿСè̬䣬ԽԽϲСèһϸ˿䣬ȡԭ塣
Сrèǧ򣬲Ҫʧģ
ĺӣûߣҲһǵĽ̻塣
ôţ벻ʵиʧȥ䣬rҲδϰĳԡ
˵ƺ˾ռߣľţע⵽Լ޹صӰ¡
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սϰԤ棬rһŵʱڷɣֱϳܳӪʣǹеҹϮ
ųǹﻹãֻܸŴ󲿶һͬɳƫԶҲǾӪĴׯrϤ·𲻺õ뷨˳ǹһ˫۾ҹɫڰԨ
չӻ£ã㿴һҲܼסò̫ɹ΢ڵƤͷɬЦݡ
ûϲɲƻһС
ϳڵһУԶĴׯѾȼɢỤ̃кͿ޺ŻɬѶrƬء
ԭĴׯݵŮ˿޺ūȴݺץֳƣӸҵȻһͷײǽ
ūӵŮߴߴţ׼ҲȥͶǻδ֣ϳ۴ǾūһӦնɱһڲ
ʿųǹūɱ⽣ӰѪ˳rϣϳֱоڲභrڷŭս㷢Σ
һ˳rսǹǿԼĿЩŮԵʬƿ
ҹŨ̹кͻңײórѪţƺʺսǹĺǹͷɫӧʪѪ
ǹͷ̽˵ʱܺԵһڣγʱһѪܵĴ󶴡
rһڣԽսԽ˷ܣǹսϺɨһƬѪɫհףմճѪϵıȴԽǹ˷ʵҹɫռˡ
ⳡսrǹĶľֲǰǵѣֱǰһҲûУóǹŵأͷԼѪ
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ǸʺսģϳĳrһҪ
Ӯ𣿡rͷ㿪ϳʡ
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rӵܶѾʼ޽ӣ󲿷˶Ĭľֺϰţֻʧȥ˵İջͣʬ߿޺ܾúܾá
һķ¾һŮrϸŷ֣һʬ塣
Ů·˭ֱذǿ̻¶һţͷѪӡѾֹͣʱˡ
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ϤĴӵվˡ
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42 
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͸ĸۡҲĳǰٵľլֻǾûͣ˴ɨͷĻû˶
һشӳǽ׹ʬ壬լԺԺĲͬ鱻Ѫֱƽԭģ
ϲĽ죿д´ġɵҩѴŸԶԱ¸ж£Ը⸮ۡɲҩɵ鷽ϡ
ˣͱһ̰ɡ
ʼʱֲɲʱƳԺеĻߣԺ֣ۡ
˿ԺĲɻȴҷֻܰճ誵ϸӲݡ
δĳѩµȼڳrߺĻϰһֻԺߣ³һڰ̡
ݽ档
ƫҪݽҰų̂¥
課δסʵ۴µĸۡһΪƧĽһլ̻Ų洦Ϻͬױдƹһһ£ܿ͵õ˻Ӧ
ʮɫǳͬһۣװڻϸĺﱻʸͿĨн۵һۣճϸдµ˵һױ
յϼɣ߻ˡᱡ֪
ȺȻڳһױľޣ׷˽ɳ˴⹬бɴȹϼױ㴦ɼ
ŮǵʱһֱԹ͢Ϊ׼ܿһױͱɴȹпϸܻӭ
ױŸ֪һѼѣ󼸾ѯʳǷԸʰһѧá
ⲻͨѧãһΪŮѧãױǣͷʼܡ
ʱŷƷΩжߣһôҲἷǮк顣
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Ůڼ̰ѧߺũĸĵ£һֽý飬Ҫһİ
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43 
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ĪrĬܾãһԲվҲƵߡ
üıӰ
ĪrߵſֻͷһȻ
λӣأЩ٬˵Сɡ
Īrߺ󣬳誺ðŷӦĻ
rӰ٣һģʱ̲סЦЩظ̾
ԭ֪㣬˵Ұ
л˵
һ<(_)>ӵк𣬲Ļ´
Īr:
:ʲôϵѡֿϲ


46 
ͨǵĹٵֻһ;·ƽ࣬úҪ²żͺسƴ￴羰
ǵЦûͣ¹˫ɫܻתֱֱĪrĺ󱳣ﻯʵʵĹ̡
̣ƵϣӺһĿУ̼﷢
Ҳ
ֵĸоԼֺϤ
Īrʺɬһĭų誵Ŀ⣬ȵջﴳһֻůè
ǰֲ̧ǹŵĺԵĸ쳣ĵҪͣϢ𣿡
֪ʲôֻʶоɫƺ˲ˣͷʣĪrݺݵһۡ
죬ѵһȦ
ĪrھźѪ֮ͻȻҲҶ໰СĵջǶλӸǶʱˡ
ǹٵֻһȥĪrƳһۣǰȥˡ
ĪrĬ˼㲻ٶԡ
һ
ѣֲٿ⣬ǰĪrͲú粽룬ɲ⸱ģ
ζĥĪr̬ͻȻ۶Ժسһ
⣡سǨͳŷٶȣ˭֪Ϊ׷ĪrֱӰˡ
سŹٵҧгݡ
⴦ĳӰĪrɫЩ΢ȸԾɫһһʣĬĬħŻٶ䵽вȥˡ
Īr߿˳誶ŸлһЦԭЩĸһЦǵɫ죬ʳΪһ·ţͻȻĪr
ȥм䣬㻹ߣ
ȻС˼Ӳ۾ĪrϿĿ⣬Ͻвȥˡ
Цתͷ
Īrļⶼ񾭱ʱҪţȻʶԶһ㡣
ĪrĶóһ㶣ĪrƬ̣ջʼĬʹӿ治֪ʲô
Ψûͼ
ֵĪr尾ǿԼҪȥ˺Ѿʼľ룬̺Ͳͷʣȡ֮һƬƺˣĴֹס
ڵǱ߿öȻһЩ
ǷΪĪrֻüһۣɹ۽Ǻм⡣
飬ʯ
Ρ
ս̤ڹٵʮԣתͷĪrʲô
Īrܿ⣬ƿ۵ҹúô·Ҳ϶ഩһ治ҵġ
誻Ϊ̬ܰĪrжеЩЦںȻͱ仰ҭЦˡ
誵ͷԼֻ¶ӵĳ۵ǽȡ
̧޹Īr޳ѩ¶һƬںڳ¸ۡ
ѩɫĪr۽УڴӿһƵĿ
֮£ֻͻ糺һƬ
֪Լ뷨컣Īr̻æ
ɨܣʿ߷ڳϣǣɳƯģ;˵ȷټ
ﻹ꣬Īŗ״ס°򲻿ǣƲԳ誵
Զഩġ
Сӡ
ƫƫĪr䲻Ļְѳ誶ˣЦãһʱ֪ô˵ĪrͻȻʵʲô֣
ҵ֣գۣ˳ĪrĶ
Ȼһ档
٬·ǰ֮±ȴʵļƽ񣬺Ӱ䣬緢˿΢һ̲ڡ
̵αɫ
½ǣһ˫ʪ
ԭô꣬һֱû
۹ĪrĶ䣬Щ΢ת۵񻰱β͵Ⱥʱ˼ɳƣյ磬ȸң
һۼߵ
ҵ֪䣬ֻ´ɿ֮ͽ޵Ȫ֮ա
ĪrƱĻŵһֻĪr־ǰߣʿԣһʱҲԼҽǰ١
ɳڹٵǺƸھӺĺس˺ü
Ī̲סЦĪrıӰ㲻˵𣿡
۵սסʵǰȳ˻תͷ誣֮һһ
Цûڱ㱻һϸסͷ
ζţü·ɫȴƮĪr
˵ɣĪrһЩע⵽誽ץס¶Ƥ̲סǣһתЩӲͱŤСһ㡣
ֻһˡ
³ЦĪr͵Ҹ㻻ģǱˣֻ㣬Ҳֻҡ
ã誵ͷЦ˫ֻһˡ
պ鵽˾ǣسһԹһͷҲص񾩻ݸȥˡ
۹۱Ǳǹģĵسô꣬ʱ򻻸λˡ
ңңȺĪrһۣ˫˵һ䡣
ټ
ɫıһһϣ¶ͬɫ⣬ĪrջߵתͷǰפľӪʵ۵٣̾Ҫ㱨顣
δй룬ͳ誱һڵ
Щ¡
ʹֻţجӰͷ
Īrս΢ۡ
΢ӿ
뽫Ǹߡ
һ۾ͺ꣬ϲƫƫ˸˲ʶ
Ҫ
һֱĪr뿪ϵͳʶĪrɣԵ3ѵˡ
л˵
Ԥ8.2v47¿ʼv£v8000+ܹƪʮ֣vƵΪոл׷Ķߡ
˵ĵһôϲĺܸл
ٴθлÿһ׷Ķߣ
һ90ȵľϹ


47 
ܯһߣĳбȵϼҫۣһֱ巵
ٹԼ̫ӶĬĬȴǰְὫ
հٹϳ߽ͬҲУٹֻܴм·ֻлʵ۲ߵġ
ĪȴĪrмС
ңңͷܿһͦεӰ巵ϴŷɳɱϢս̣߾ŷ˻
ǰĹΰ׳ۣʯ̨׾֮ϣܵɳ죬ݶ˵ޱϡ
ĪrԶλӣǧɺбûоͷѪ
һһᶨֻ
ٷ򳤣ǧ򳤣̤ݹǣսѣҲеˡ
ѪûҲδλйԹԣֻߴЩΪĿĵĿĿ⣬ĵ⡣
¶죬Ҳһͷ׷ĳЩصĻ䣬һ߽ٹٶ˱鹧˳ͷ
Ψ²𵴺Ʋ⡣
˭ó緢ĽͬʵԵ̫үа˷
ĪrһλͫҲһ˲ĪǱƽֺ㵡
Īż۽η֣ἸҪۿ䣬Īrǰʱ򣬵͸żӰӡ
㣬Ψ
֥ǳ³밮밮ɢꡣ
ĪǽĪɫ˼һ۵ףṴһ˿Ц
ĸʻûףԼΪʲôʧȥЩ
Īrμ¡
Īrʵ۶ͷźۼܿ
ζӳµĿ䵽ϣǸΪյӳ̾һƺ޾
Ī겢δԱ߹صսйעݲʹǲɢ󳼣ֻ뵥Īr档
ĪrоķܣؿڵѪЩ΢赭дļ仰ȴǻɳƵ
̶˫֧Ŵκ֮ϵĿݹǡ
ĪǴ߹ʱ׸˳־ĪǶݶһۣԷЦһ¡
żƵϣȴȫͬ
һģλߵĮȻ
ĪʾЩĪr׸Ŵ̫ߣûĪһ䡣
ʵܣ
˳־ǵĿ΢΢һ£źӼĬԡ
巵޹ȻǰѷɫŮĪͻˣ̵ֻĸ̫ࡣ
ЬrĪŻʵĪrԼԡ
ĪrһĪಢֻ֣һֱĪr¶֮ɫ
һǻڣм񡣡
һɲƾըڶߣĪrֻԼˣŲ豭ּƲûսӲ̧ͷĪ£˵ʲô
Ī곤̾һҪĪrĳȴ뵽ʲô;ջء
޵Ķӡ
Ưҹ˼޹鴦һȱգããѩ֦ͷ˺÷
ڱ߹𽥽ɷ֮һ˶һȴ˸仹ôһȵѪԵŦ
Ǿ䡣
Īrļ⸽һѩǿԼ侲ѵȥٵ
ûӰӡ
˫۾оϲңװüۺͱΨܿһͷѩɫ
ովϲ֮ƷߣĪҲʶɻ䴥İ׷
ҶĪһ̾վۿĪrֱϣӹ̵Ҳ˲䣬㻹ڡ
£˼鷿ĪҪ£ͻȻӱһ㱧ס÷ıǼ⣬˼Щ㱡
Ī֮¶ʱͬһðģȴÿδӻʵں󶼻˼á
Īǽ°Ϳ˼ͷŨɢ˼Ĳҵĵܵܣš
°²˼΢΢Ʋͷ
ˣĪɿ˼ɫ»ָƽյĮȻ̧˼ޣƳʲôˡ
Īr巹ʱù緹ϳͱ߹ȥս˱ӵеİ٣ȴȻζ
ĻʳǼͷлĪǲ·̫࣬һһʱ·ȥ
ʱٹӧλݳҾϸȥʱããһƬ徲Ҳá
δĸţΪӣ˵ǻӣ֮ĪǻĪrȴãȻ
Ҳ֦ŵڿһȦһȦ
ܸ߸ߵĹǽǺˮޣУĪrӿŲҪ뿪
չһתǣ¹Ѿɻ֦ϸϸһɫ۵˵ͷŪĹΣ죬Īr̲ס࿴һۡ
µ̧ͷĪrߣͻȻü䣬Īr뵽ɳΨһһȪ
̫£ҲԵĺÿ
Īrʶתߡ
Ī誼ĪrҪװûԼҪ̽ס
Īrԭͣ£Ҳȷʵڼӿٶ෴ĵطӣȴ˻ƵĿ̵һʹ
׷βܵòУüͣԣǰĵͻȻӰסó̧ͷЦӯӯûˣ
㣡Īrָˣζ̫࣬ҪܵϢҲӣҵһʱ誾ߣŬ׷ģǱռݡ
Īr誷ȥ課˵ֻ˫Ư۾ʱʱĪrǱèצһһ¡
ô⣿Īrǿʵ
ջ߿ǰʱǣȻȽ
˵滰ƭң誶׽Īһ죬Īrκεֿ˼ֻĵ
ϣǣûдκ˵Ӱӡ
Ī꿴ǿ㣬ܺ³調Ҳڿһ˭
Һƭ課Īr飬ֻ͵ԺҲƭ㡣
šĪrΪһ򵥵ĳŵɿһֱԾü͵ۿų誽յ
ഩһɴ¡
Īrע⵽誸°ŪĹҼĹ۲һ
Ŀһ㶣ΪǽΣûһֻɵСè
èȻɵ׾ˣСҲĥ˲١
ôһֻèĶЩԾ
Ҳϲࣿ誼èݸĪr
޼Բָ⻮ĪrģƤ¶졣
ĵèǣų誵ߣĪrǣè
ѽè¶΢Цǹˡǰˡ
ˡ
Īrѿһ죬ķѩ˳켷˽ѹпɬ̿δ
λˡ
誽סĪrݻèЩɣĪr뿪ʹǰʧ
ˣ課°ͣͷԼĴɫɵжഩһİ
һ˳ʱ͸մӹ̫ˣ̫ǰԳϤúܣЦŶԳ誴к
ҲЦŵͷҵķȥ
̫ŲĶߣκػոǸЦͻȻ
һŷǰǽ巹ǰٹӭĽ
Ǹˣ𣿡Īrʡ
죬̫౻ŵæҡͷԴͻȻ̽ʵĪݷóˣ
šĪr˳ĵĻͷ
̫Ȼĵǰ뾩ṩ͵˸լΣƷϹ»򡣡
ۡĪrץһؼϢ
̫۵ͷλøĪr
ҡҷϡб΢ƣƹתأ䣬Ⱦüͷ
ֻضӲûĪr֪Яһƺ˳ǽͷڸǽϴ˻磬Ƶɫ̷졣
ͷסƺҲ֪ԼΪʲô͵͵ܳӪĪڣڹмٴլĪrԸֻ˵ȥӪ졣
վͥԺͤпĪrãĪrǽͷʼҡҡλΣ̲סߵǽ̧ͷɡ
ĪrһǱǽͷҺöϰʱȦû
誼Īr඼ֹͣˣ˺úŷġ
߹ȥĪrϹһȦӲݣЦõѧɲǽͷ˰ɣ
ĪrѾ˵ʲôˣҹƽ̫࣬Ѿѣƴǲҵۡ
˺ƺ̬Ƶǳ誵һμĪrƣ۾ʪĿԼЩģŬ˼һЩѵģҲ𰸵Ķ
ǡظ誵Ĵһ顣
ùԡ
Īrͷ
ϸ׺ıؿڴȫƽ͸Īrеίų誵ȫûˡ
Ժ󻹸ǽͷ𣿡Ժͤߡ
ԺӲ˵ЩߣĪrߵôʲôǲǲң
ôᣬ誺ҹͼˡ
л˵
ĵʱСֻˣ༭˵ϣ2000أֻǰˣ
ôôɵ
(o)


48 
˵ģĪr誣ķҪ𰸡
誽ͤ£ͤʯϵĲѾˣĪrڻεʯϿץ誵ֲϷţͰ͵Ȼó誴
ֻҪԼ˵֣ĪrҪˡ
ĪrԷؿȴ𰸣סأƽʱ˵𣿡
ĪrƮԺУŷִ˴Ĳݴ᷿Ҳ˼˺һɵʳ誣
óÿĪrƴʪھѵĳϸɾľˮĪrʹѻޣһһĳ嶯
Ҳ˵𣬡ջ̧Цڴ˴Ƚ
ĪrܼװԼˣΪβܡ
֪λĪrڴ˵Ⱥˡ
ȻĪr׷ǳֻԼrͶ
˱˴˳ĬãĪrͻȻ̧ס誵Լ
ٿرƽľóüͷԼŪˡ
ϵɻû׷ſ誸뿪ڣĪr˭
ʲô˭誱ʵһ㶡
оԼ˴ѹԭĪr֮ľȻ̣ϰӽϵһ
ӣĪrڿһ
ʵϣͷԴһһģڿޡ
誰ĪrıʱҲ㣬̲סЦ̾ôСʱһޡ
ʲôʱ򰮿ˣĪŗͷݺݷҴӼ𡭡
ɫɥ
Ҵǰ𡭡ûп޹һΡ
ʱҶûпޡ
ҲǲޣֻһҾǽ
ų誵ԴѰӻ޲˲䣬ĪrС˵нսϿ޵ġ
̶һ仰ó誵ĶʹˣۿɬĪrʵ𣿡
ĪrԴͷҡҡʦ
ʦ
Ǹˣʡ
ĪrѾòϳ࣬ͬս̸ͬҿһɵỊ̇ɳ֮⣬û˿̸ϳࡣ
ʵ۲⣬߹ٲ⣬ȨҲ⡣
⣬ĵߣһһ鲻䷳ظĪr⣬㣬ѣǲĺܶ˺¡
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ĪrݿʱͻȻ벻ϳ࣬룬˵ܼҪϲ۸ˣԴúܣڻѻ绰
ͳԭԤò̫һЦĪrԣһȻŻ˵ĺ󱳣һĵŤĪrĻ
ˬʣţСڣĬȤƽ׽ˡ
ǣĪrӣ̧ͷ۶ų誵ǸˣǸý
һֵ𾴺ǵˡ
Ҳҵģʦ
ǷǳܵĴڡ
ֻ΢ѾʹУ֪ΰοĪrֻܱԷСrأڡ
˵᲻ῴڿޣĪr뵽ЩŲʵ
ᰡЦĨ۽ǹŵᣬûϵҪЦ㡣
ͷĪrԴ̧۶ϵ˵㲻ҪЦСr
ֻ̫Ť̫ˡ
Īr˵ʲôȻ϶Ҫ˵첻ó˵ȥµʳ誣Ĳټأ
洦ԣס֣ʣȴĪrһֱڣֻҪ룬ߡ
վҶɾΨҹɽ
˺ɽӳ࣬
࡭Īr͵ϳ࣬ʱ롣
Ҳˣֻܻһ
ȻĪrս誣ǼűǼ⣬ˮ䵽誴ߣڻ
ֻΪ룬ôˡ
誱̾һҺεºܡ
һĪr
Ƶ˼άԾúܿ죬ĪrһɫΪʲôң˶԰ɣ
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ͻȻս誵ߵתűʯĪrֱ۳Ӹ¿۽ǻᣬѾʼ䡣
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ֻǴĿ⣬ֻǸܵǵ⣬ζøкͿɬȴһֱ֪޾ȻԱȲʲôпࡣ
ĵģǵصĿ࣬һѾûζҪࡣ
Ʒ跢ˣĪrһԲžҵ誻һˡ
˸ᣬһʱᶯˣԾֱ
ĪrۻڿޣҪᶼɾ
調ܾãʰĪr֣¹ָֻ޳ÿֻǹĦ롣
ָָһصС롣
Ҫֽҹɫ̫ģַ紵̫䣬ֻ̫ܲס˵ᡣ
誹ʹͷ¶ȴᣬһĪrָ
ָ붼ǵãôǴ㵱ɱ˭
Ϊ΢ɧᶯһ£誻ҲԼĶüĪr΢ϼơ
ָһǵĴԼ¶̫̣課ƿۣȴ̲סֽƵĪrϡ
֪ԼԶһǡ
ǻͣƽһ㣬ָֻ
課аսĪr˵ıǼ⡣
ԭƽּ
ʲô˼ЩΣĪrĳ̾һ
ԭֻȴ˽ȥ
ϵͳԱȳ誺Īrݣƽ쳣ºԵ粨ȷ𰸡
ҪԭʼƳϵͳܿ콫仯ൽ˽аݲ㣬ϸ۲ˡ
ҹɫŨأ˹˳ĵ˽͸˶ͷǳ˵Ľǵζ
ȴɶĪrӶ͸ǱĪrƿ
䲻ƵһߵĪr˼룬ȻȻԼ죬ɴ۾誣̫ˡ
ҡ誴δо˻ңƫƫľĪr˵ѣҲˡ
ͽӡĪrͷһѹָˡ
һǺܣһǱ˵ɹӰӡ
۾͵͵ίҪҸ𡣡
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ãҸ𣬡ĺɫѳٷ簲調αûٿ޵ĪrЦǰҲһֱģֻˡ
ĸоͷʹѣĹ͸˽Īr˻һͷۡ
ҹһһʲôҲ壬ֻǻл㱼ǵҹǽͷ˵ص
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ƬоһЩҪĶ
ܲϤĻĪrֱ۳ڴ׼һĶ
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ںڵĳյ˫ŵĽë촽棬һ˯䣬¶Ө׾ǡ
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Īr׼ţ誻ŴĿҲΣĪrÿÿ̶ߣòƿţƺһϷʡ
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㣡ĪrͷҺܿʧ䡣
۳ӻ֣´αǽ
ٴɲ˵㡣
ĪrĶӣ誽סЦ
ܾûôˣôЦˡ
գĪrǵȨΧ˸飬ûܳȥҳ誣˷ʱ䣬ȴ֪Ī˴ϤȦ
˼ֻνţĪrȻͬУɫȴӲÿ
ǾһЩСϢλǸү
ĳ¥ݳ޵˿̵صĲ˿֮Ҷ˿һߣ˵ͷ
޴̨ϣŽαʯ·ĺ֫ˣ衣
ÿ˶ߣҲֻ˲ԣ˴ղ
ǾȨʢ磬硣
ڶ¥żԱ˿еİԣյЦ
ϵ߼ͨȴǡôһصУԲָҾãһֱǹ˳
үѵʶһߵʡ
誰еĲյЦ
żδشΪľʹ輧赸ſڽһñˣΧ඼еӰ
˻֮˽
ĪŗͷŴ輧˵ĳ誣ͷոյߡ
ȺȨ˵һʢ磬ĪrŵſȴһϤıӰ
ֱ̫ע⣬һ˵ʶү
񳯣Īrüʵ
ˣҪߣôʾˣҲ⣬ǽ˸ǼǸһͬȥ֣
һЩת˲ţĪrǽ˽Ĵţʱһ֡
л˵
ͽ񳯣˭ź


49 
޵ĳʴźֱۣ֫Ťμ˫۰ڶͬڿ
¥µɧڲߴˣ˴źɴʵñһʱЦԷǡ
̫ϤĪrֻҪһ۾ϳ
ڲͬñ±˲֪ʲôҡͷԵ˵λүһۡ
ºߵҲ֪Ȥ˳żڡ
ͬͨĻԱͬĻǧ˿ƵĹϵ
ͬе˱Īr¥£ĪrɴĿƣͬ˫۶˸š
ȵߴ»Ʊʵʵϡ
¶ȱúȣĪr¥ҪǷ٬Ŀ⡣
ĪrսţǹŴͷЦֱ۳Բ࣬¶԰׵ֱۣ֮Щ΢˳ĴϢ
ֹϴĹ߱㰵޹˼ƿϵߣЦӯӯĪr뽫Ҳ裿
Īrͬժñһͷѩɫںδۣ֪޴Ҳֻܳ²ߣز׽Ҳ֣ͷƽһһ
˴Σ
Щű¶Ů¥м̬ȴҲţȨ淨Īr㿴٣̤Уϲǰա
ãڴΣ誴ĪrһƣֻЩֵņ֮̀ʱü˼¡
ȾƣĪrŭ⣬ʶҧľƱ˳ǹҲһûˣ⣬鵭Ҳ׼̡
á̿ͷһʱصĪrʮʱʱյĪrѾǿƵöࡣ
˲ʾĵطʲôĪrų۾ЩΣζˣԱɸ֡
ң課ŭЦսĪrԷǿװ򶨵ģֵ˵ĪrǽҪץ
ָĵطһѣΣĪr׽סҵָ⣬Ŀ΢ƣҲץ㡣
ǿɹˣְҪ˽ôƲ̾
ǣĪrԥڣֻ뷨ʵĵ׿ʼͱ࣬ڶԸٿ誣ƫ㡣
Ҫѹᣬͷ۵ĻԼ課ٶĪrסֺˣҿ⾩ǵضԺõģȥץʣ˵ƭ㡣
Īrܵڳ۾͸ί۵ԡ
Լڵʵʵñ˿һۣȴǰժñ
̲סֶĪrһ£ǲֻҿҪһֻҪղˡ
ûһʵĪrͷ˵Щһֶš
ðɣŵġ課ǿĪr´ñҲԼߴãĪrƿ
˵һֻңڵǿ̨Ů۾᲻öˡĪr֧°¿棬̲ס˵
裬һַ輧ʤһʢѵã࿴誱뵹ƣȴ־ƺѱĪrߣֻ֮ö豭һڡ
Ҳౡ֮裬Լʲôһ֮װ赭д뿴赶ǹǿҡ
Īr˵Ҳ̨µ輧װ濴ֻʱʱƮ
ãڵóԸһЦŴ˵ͷ˵˾á
ŮĪrۣΨг߱Ե¶ľߣ˫۾Цƺʾһʢ硣
һƬ⣬ĪrԼˡ
ҲԸų誵ԭ
һֵĸУڽֹʺɾʺϽ̻Ի¥ǣȴ˵ŸС
ǰɻң򣬲Ŀ
Ϸ̨ϺлĻ˳ЦݸʢĪrգգ۵뾩ǲ֪磬¿Ҫϸˡ
Īr¿ȥһߵɫ۴Ļվ˳Ƽ㣬̧ͷֳԵĪrʱµıƺŤһ˲
ЦŶڰ֣Īrһץס׼ٶüȥ֪㣬ٿˡ
ϤĻŶʱĪr˼
سóһյһƷ󤻷塣
±͸ɧһ˲дߵСǰֽʣÿдкԼĴŽСˣس׼һƷ
ĪrüʲôƷһܣۣŪЩֽʣ
ĪɵˣƳһۣЦ󤻷񣬿ǵһʹõ塣
ãı֮
л˵
ֻĳͷ(_|||)8.4ټϦŶ


50 
ǻĪrʶţתѾ뵽˺üֲõĽ֣ͷͣԼĪ˵鱣סϡ
ȻЦô֪һݣ
ͲʲôؼˡĪrɿµǶ˴ͥüȥʵڲ
̨һ𣬾ûע¥֮ϵΡ
س춯ϸ΢Ǽ߲ܹ۲죬λƫƧʵѳƴͥڡ
СֹͣƫƫȤҲֻεû취ûǮУҿҪҺڵˡ
ȷʵڽϵͳĻ۲ƸպͬĪrֽѣľǾͲûǮ
ûǮҲûȨ
ͬЩĿǰܸĪrس׮ȴܺĪr̸һ̸
֪ֻᱻȥ̨µĽ׼žֻż˲ͷۣ誼ϸ΢˼ͬȲסƷʱɫ߶ڲס
Ȥַ̣ŴЦ͸
£Īr֪׽ŪϹҪҡ
ܲ˳һΣǰɲ誴̾һɫԹĪrģ޷˭ý
ϷŪҡöֱףڻԼԼı̵ɫĶȣĪr߷ŵ¥£ٲ誡
ʵʵֺЦ޿κΣԺδ͹ȥδ
ĪrƬ̣ܿ췴Ӧѱ
̨Ʒڱ϶С˶ֽʲ˼䣬ջĿǵġ
ǰǵͷҧһڣ̲س˹𾰻ûֶΣдһƽɡ
ԭ󲢲Ϸˣ㾰һͬǼպ󣬾Ҳس˵
нȼӰٹ٣¼һ©㱨ʵۣسֶͬȨѱ
ھֵúܣλСƫƫûʲôֺ˶ԵϺš
ܵżеۣƷƷֻҪԽΪпܳΪϵƷ
Σյģκκس裬誾ͬһ衣
ûȥ˽س챳ֻǶԷ˵㲻ʡ
֮Ӧˡ
Լµ֤ݣҲѱ˵İѱ
һΪ۵УȴҲ˸
˽أҲ˽ܳۡ
ߵ˼ܣ֮˵ǻԹѾõ޵Уǣϣʾ׵ĲĺͣЪϧţȡߺ˴˻ҪҾ
Ϸ
Īrû˵誷˼Լǲ˵̫Щŵ˵ЩɵģĪrԴϣ鷸ߣҲٰѱ𣿡
ᣬĿ΢ᶨд£⾩ǵؽϣ˭Ĵ֦ûм¶ء
¶ƺѹֵ˴誳ĬƬĪr֣㲻ϲǲǣߡ
뿪¥ĶժߺñĪrͷܾû˵調˿ɫûȤȥ⣿
ȥ⣿Īrһ£á
ȥԺǴǣһƥĪrüë˶лҪ˵һĪrкЦһ̣˲
ƥƯúܣ׳ĸûκˣĪr֪ԭƤëܹƯ֮ǳɫ˿һ㷢⣬̲ס̾
عζ誺Ǿ仰ݼһ롣
ȥĪrųŷȥǣŸܵһƬںڵͷ°ʹЩ⣬㡣
˵ĿͶĪrǺã㡣
Ҫ͵Цǲˣһ¡
һƥѵһĺѪ֮磬࿴۱ǰɳ۶ֻǿܿ峤֮з˿׷໥ٳٲϷ֡
Īr뵽誸ղҺڣֽ˽ҺڣԭϼҴڵģ
۾һѽҴҵûа취
ͷһ˵ߣ̲סЦŽ͵˿ڶˣǽ˵ָ檣ǵûС
ͷи飬
˵˫۾ӭŹ⿴Īrʱ¹ӰӵӰ޹˼ɵظǡ
Ը⣬ңЦģһƬ֮ɫ㡣
Īrɳ۵ĳѾ񱼵¿ڣ벻ܲ˳ȥˤҲĸԸƫƫսǶüӲͣؾ棬̤ʹֻ䡣
һɪûнӹ仰
ܺ£ڱ˵İ
ŨҴֱ׵ĸף誶
һһ䣬Ǵݸһˡ
ֻҪˡ
ûϵ誵òӦҲѹֻסĪr֣ϵοûϵ
Ժܻġ
һֱĪrߣʱĪrغ£һƫȫר
ǵĳǽһĽҪöܼ࣬ƼݵСͻɵӣϾɵǽƤ䣬ԺɿƤ
ƥƯע⣬˿۾ͼ﹪Īrӹһʱֻ⶯ޱϤȻ
Ǵǰйǧٱ顣
ͼҳһβͣȴֻ΢ͷۣʱĴһȣ誴ľ˫
ƬھһũƾɣмŲ·С׷ţЦһš
˿ǣϲشֵȺܹǺܵ誸ǰЩ߾ش֣ͣ·ϲ䡣
ԣûͷۣ誵ضСƽӵͷŵЩ˻ȥḬ̄ˡ
ţţ誸磬ϴ㽻ҵҲкúñŶԵͷЦŴӶóһСè͸誸硣
СèֲڵúܣͬǸȫܱȣĪrЩԼ֣˵Ʒ̫׾ˡ
ùè֮սҲӦߡ
ĪrǼ˳ȥֻһվ﹡ߺԱϢϻţοһͷ
̫ĪrԼţƤ˸λöţЩƣԼλá
ܲܺһȺȥ
кӼ˳誻촽ǵز誵ĪṛոǾ仰ջء
ŸڣԼԺȺһ
Īr׼ϴһΡΡǳˣ
׵ĳĸߣżȴɾŹЩȣĪrϽס
ϸս˿Īr۾ƺã˺ܾòϳǰ˲ǳ誣ʧǳ˰
ǡĪrϸָָѾΧĳ誣ĬĬʱֵõԼ
ǰϸ˴սĶһΪϸ֪̽࣬޾תȴʼĵۡ
УҲصĹȥ
ϸ誵ķЦ̾ÿγ˹ˣЩƤﶼϲ
ǹΣĪrʵ
ϸָָһһнϺõһ˷֮ÿ¶ʩΣ˵ʩ࣬ʵĶɶˡ
˳ļҺԸ飬ֻ˵ϸ˿ȣ飬ŮҲܣἸʮ꣬Ҳȥ飬īζ
ĹСʫԣȴ⣬ϸЦЦֵܾ˺֮Ĳ࣬˺󡣡
Īr￲Ϻͺǽµĳ誣˼ӡ
ڹż棬ӡӶҪ̣ΪŮĳΪͳ֮
ǸСڽе˻˼伲ࡣ
誱Īrɢģȴˣʩʱ䵽˶ȥſ֪ĪrһʦԾ˼Ҵˡ
ɫκ˫۾΢ζԼеļӲͻָᣬĪrƲסߵЦ⣬Ҳֻ¶һ㣺˺ϲӣ
ǵǣҡҡͷʣ
֪ĪrǲԼĺӣ
ǣЦҪһҾͲҪˡ
ңĪrµ˵غһƳһ۳誣СƽҪ
Ҳ
Ŀ⻬ƽ̹ĸһʱطͻȻ뵽ʲôһǱƿĿ⣬̡
ɫˣȥɡûĻֻԶ޴յ
ͻظĪr뽫ǣǱɻʵô˻ؼңڴ˴ҹ
ȻǲУ誴ǽҲҪ֪㣬ֻźȽýȢˡ
غáĪrɫĮȻų誵Ļ
ѽ誺ƻȻЦŴŷĪrӻ֣͸ˣǣ߰ɣ
Īr˵Ѿˣʹķȥ
ǰЩĪҪլۡˡ
ĸҪ
ֻסڳ誶档
ûˣĪǷ£˼ؽ彻£ûˡ
Ƿ󤻷ͨ͸ĪЦһֻǳѲ
͸ưɽ廹¾ͱߣ米С
ϣϣϣ©һ
ްĿͣϣĪǽսʵżӻ񾩣
ǵģ¡˼ͷ
ż̫ү־ԽϡĪе巢һĶ죬ɫƽҲȨϣԲ̫˰ɡ
ʱ㽫˻ȥھӪλá
ˣǸλֻۣ±»Īr˼Ƭ̵
޷Īɿж񣬹һĨЦȥˣǸá
֣ĵܵԼͻС
Խ˳־ͬԸ
Ǿֻ游һˡ
л˵
8.6ټϦ֣


51 
ϴ׸µҩЧδ̫Щ̽һűֽ誣üǾȺ棬ϻ˵ʹһҩȥʹˡ
︣񣬱ӣˮ͵СˣҩôáֽˣԵʼղ˾С
ֽϼصҩоģʯˮףȷʵһζҩ
ɲΪ˸ʵβ
ʵĺҩռԼĴ㡣
ҽˮƽʵޣıೣĽ֮ͬĪrһǰݡ
ְǾжĪrһҪ飬誱ӵ˽ŵȨޣȴȨޱȡˡ
ϵͳԷָûͬϵͳ£Ŀ˲תӰ죬Ϊͷջ֪ϸڵȨ
ʲôʱӰˣͼ
ϵͳϸԭβԭһλŮģѾӰûˣϵͳͨ2.0Ʋ⣬ĪrѾ޿ܡ
ȣ治ɫ
ϵͳɸѡһԼѾռѡһֽģ⡣
ǹĻеŨĲмڳһ
ϵһһ㣬̧˼Ʈϣδעһ˲
˺£ҩ𣬲ǰգҹʱ֪ǹС
誻ͷȥ˪ӦѾ߽
ȥʲô
︡𼸸ͷҡҡͷˡ
ϣ̲Ҫصǰ˸ޡ
ǰų˹ţֽ˳񾩵ĴţûŸβͣԹԹãƥƯǧؾӪʿȥˡ
ӾӪᵽѾ죬ĪrڰЩ˵ƨڲȥϳÿպ𴲴ӳĴߵСš
ֱС˴ŵǲ·ˣӲػ˸ǣϽؾӪˡ
ѵǾ͵͵ȡѵûɵųתֻɫƽԼſվһ
ŵСͬһ̲סʱˣڵ𣿡
ǡĪrƿ̤ѵһŹϡ
ϵֹͭС°ͣԼҵĽȻͬѰ
ֲǱūΪˣŶһɱеƣСɷнµͷΪڽеɡ
ڳ߼һ᷿С˺ŮΧ֮⣬˿
ö⣬س콫󤻷񽻸誣ɫصϼѣ̵ĹҲ졣
ûĽȥԼ⣬õɴۡ
ʦ˵⾩ǵؽ˶а˰ٸӣţھͱ̵һΡ
ЩٷֻǱŽţΪ˼ලԲ£Ӱɽ;һǣҲꡣ
ʦ֣˵仰Դ˴Էü˻ȥ
֪㡣誺Цù壬漰ȨƷɱͷ֮ǶǳеĴ
ıҪҲֻܷ졣
ƫƫиʯ˶꽻ĺس죬һ۾Ϳ岻ͬ
Ʒ
û˸͵ӻʵ۵Ķֻһֿܡ
ġ
ƷĶһͣһҲøҽӣ´졣
̽ˣrӴе壬Ժس壬ʲôȼ˲ã
ƾЩسСС԰һ£ӦǼΪܳĻӣرĻӲʹõġ
⹬ĻӲ٣Īڼ˭䲻ȡ
ܳĻûУرĵһ
Լˣ̫ӵ¡誽սУسתƵܱׯ
´ϣԸо˳ؼңŵĻһŵشǰˣҪ
£誽Ĺ񽻸ǰӭ˵ѩ𰣬üͷ
ˣսһСƳŵλүǹլӸΪɣȻÿʮ־Ѳߡ
̿ˮЩηǶλǸմūĽ˳û֤
񾩵ķ´óͷ̫Ѩһͨ߿ֻ࣬ã
լ徻źʱסˣ
̧ȥȴŲǼɪӣոµϼ̽Ի˷ѩߡ
ͻȻԼæڸ£ĳֻˡ
ţݵʱתһΣղŲأӦȥӪ˰ɡ
˵ʲôȴԼҴѾˡ
ǾӪɫһһڣƫƫֺƽûʲôͬϸ۲һԼҽûۣͷವ߾ͷ
ǹܴùˣ
ҡͷܡ
ǻȥĪrһŽ߽ѵĶվڸߴ˵ĶżǹǹͷһЩơ
ܾûڶӣȴְ˳ҿûǲ˺ÿ
ְھӪŵʿǰ
ҲȨͽᣬĪrͷ
ȥؾʿתҪߣֱĪrס
ƿۣɫʵǸҵˣÿ𣿡
벻ˡ
誽ʱԵʿʮֱȻάԼĵĳЩıǱϡ
֮һԲԣ⿴˿ӪоԼеҺõöࡣ
ΧǾǵĽһÿ˳ȥһӣɺȻȾǵèҪǿöࡣ
ָʿǹʼûз۲ĪrͻȻЩһŹĿԾȥ
ǸʲôţϳĽ̻塣
ޣС
ӿһ㵭Ķ񺮣ΪԼ˼еΡ
һ룬ӲȻὫȫѹƲסԼϲãú͸ˣŴȼ䵭ˣ
룬һû˯ѣתͷ˶սһ
ȻˣˣӦҲ˰ɡ
˽ûɣĪrգգ۵Աߵʿ䶯˶ĪrųӪߡ
ʲôŶǣ֣ǻûô˵Ĺϵαôš
ûУҲҪˡĪr˵ҧԼͷ誵Ӫһ˵Ľ䣬һɿԷ֡
յÿ𣿡ȻղͬΣĪr
ԣǶాһ̾Ҫ˵̣Сһʱ˳˯һξҲȥꡣ
һһ㣬Ժ£ߵĵԣ߽
ʮͯʮ꣬ͦǰڵꡣ
Һãûзߡ
񷣬ջǻصԡ
ɬ⣬ԲڰԵȻռǻ㱼ȴۡ
ÿգĪrԭеĲᶯֲ˲۽ǣָоеϤҪȴհһƬֻܵޡ
˽հò
ʵĪrԼָо誱ͲǸڵˡ
ֻԼʱжȥغ𵣣ҪЦǿޣڲغ͡
룬һ̫ûЦҲ̫ûп޹ŻʱŰ㽫еͷš
뵽ͷŻˣʣʵʵ˵
ǲʶҡ
ĪrٶΪչ˳ԭС⻰ۣ˫۾ЩһЦ˵ЩʲôǰԵ𣿡
ĪrȻԭʶ
û죬ֻŵüһ̾ϢָỮĪr˵ʲôأǵ£˰ɡ
Ҳ²õ֤ʵĪrѪոˣٵԣ˵ЩģǶ˵ģ
ǰ˵ˣ誺ЦͷҴӲƭ
Բ𣬡Īrһֱֻ誣Բ𡣡
˵ʲôԲءԭֹסҪļ󣬳գգۣ뽫ˮѻ
룬ԼһƢĪrս֣½ŪһƵúܵͣѹҴû
һ˴˵Ĺȥһúࡣ
ൽǰ޵ʱЦЦʱҪޡ
֪֪ͷĪrˮѾ˳Ų£ǼĪrﷺȴЦŵڹҰ
ȥǵ·һλ̣誹סĪrĲӣԷҲ˳ӵصͷ봽ĸоĶ΢΢
һôĿɬ
һޱϤ
ܾǰһƬĴ£ڲ۵İٻС
ǹǰˡ
˺ͼȱʧһֻţĪrѰȫкͷȷϣȡֵ̧࣬סˡ
誺ۿˡ
Īrίز誾㷢ԼĲͿ飬ͷף·
ǣȥ𣿡ĪrĶʡ
üë̫ض˶¾ţ˵ɡ
ʲôʱ˵ɡ
ƫ㡣
ʱٸ㣬Ұ㡣
л˵
8.8ټϦ⻹ûпʼдһִ͹ŴϦ
(ء*)


52 
Ĳ𣿡
ظʱϡĪrǰס˹⣬Ӱ課̫ȻƲټɡ
ɫűϣŷһ۵ɫȴļ䣬Īrḧţ¶һɬЦ
ռ
ﱻһֵĶǵģʲôҲûзȴһ˲ӵ˺ܶࡣ
Ҳ̫ˣԸ뿪𣿡ĪrߵǧԴ
˳شͷ˻һ
㲻ߣҲߣĪrɫһҲûʲôֻ࿴
˸ǣҡͷԼҧŽȥˡ
Īr첽ߵԣԹԼֽͣ㲻Ҫң˵Ķġ
ｼĿڳʣһɫ㣬ҹüû˯š
ֻҪۣԼܼůɫŹĺ󱳣¶ļӨʻǳǳѡ
ϸʲôǲˡ
͸ûؽŷ쿴Īr˵ûסЦס죬ͷ͵ЦŽŹؽ
ŵèѾЩ¾ɫϴֻڴϣϵǣҲȾ˼ϼɫ
ûйôľٶնĪrֻǿʵ̫ɰٵ浶ǹﻹһƬɬͿհס
޳ָסޱһͷںڵĳɢ誱ۻĸо̵ºͰ˵Ϣȼÿ缡
ʵҲĪrֻǶԷ̫̣һʱ׶ʳ֪ζ
󱳺ʶŷ
Щ£ƿĪrƭ˵
֪ص˼ΪذԼ˱
ֻȥƬ̳誾ͳ±ӣɫ΢Щⱻ̫ȣ´ůˡ
ҽҹҪʧߣŴĻƷһʱҲʲôʣԺﻹһž
΢ĵ˳ŷƮʱʶˡ
ѹϲãһ۾ߡ
ԺԺǽ֮ϣһͷ꣬һֻѣ誳㽫պ
ɫǣҪģĪrһ߽誣ѵֱ׵¶ɬ
۽ס˶ôֻ۾ͳˡ
ûسŵǲˣĪrЩţί֪ҹңˣ̫ˣ뵽۶㣬û㡣
òá
ĪrºϢЮų誣ֱסĪrЦҲǳǳ㡣
ģҲңĪr̲סɵЦһ£ɿһ㿴ų誵۾۰Ͱ͵ǣôֲ㡣
Ϊ׵̫ףó誺ˡ
Ĵ誵ͷԵðɫЩմ¶ǾƯϺδʣ񺱼ųƿˮĹⷺ
Ǻ
ƫƫ̫
Ŵһһϣ䵽ŢĻʪһƬ
㻹
誸˵Ļû˵꣬˸ţĪrŴռ΢΢𶯵ͫףռϢǿң˫ֲڵסĺףֻ
ſô䣬˳調϶Ϣһ˲䣬Ľ
걻᲻صҧһڣƿĪrȴøϢһηսƯ۾һˮ
籩ͻȻᣬúͷϸ꣬ģŵһ΢׵ĴƿתӶͷűһ·¡
£ֻ㣬Īrɿͷס誶ͷᣬҲٶˡ
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ô죬ĪrЦһ׳誶ͷ׶ˣҸɡ
ңĪrĳȥˮɫ΢ǿԼĪrסĪr·ָηͰڶԷ̵Ͷ˽ż⣬ݵҡ
۽ʪס룬Īrͷų誣ڳͶ֮ǰշӿŨƣɫƽ֪˵ʲôҪڡ
ԥĻ˺誱ĪrסķڻҲʶ˼
Īr˳ĲԺͶһƬӰԼɼɷֿӰݣΨ»ϴ˿׷
Ժ䲻ְĵ˵ɫҩҩζŨңֻһɵ㡣
˾䲽ң̤ʯ壬һʱĲ򻨴ﵹȥĪr˲ͳ誻λãϧһѹųˤ˻
۲ۣĪræӳĿڻ϶ȴˣժ³ǰɢҩ꣬ϿɵƮһ㱡졣
ۣüͷͷϵҩ꣬ҩҶƬûдֵ̣ïܣˤȥҲۡ
ոκ˽ͣѹһƬĻ誻û취
ͷϵĻ꣬ûѹϵΣգŨصӰסǰĹ⣬ãȥĪrסϣƯ
ֵҩͬҩͬǰɫĻ͸ŷۼ⣬ڻɿɢ䵽ͷ˼Ƭ֪Īrһһ׷Ļ
ںڵĳ䣬Щҵķ˿գ΢׵Ĵ꣬Өǣǰ
񲢲֪ԼܹˣǷǳȻһº͵Īr
֪Щ룬ߵ
Īr룬ذʵ̫ȾЩɫá
ѹų誣ûһЩ΢ĴϢͿԺԵҪΪ·ȾһЩɫ
°ȥ˳еһ·ϻ誴ӴᴭֱܿǿƵǷӡֹס۽컮Σȴûƿϵˡ
󱳵ĴбиãĪr뵽ɳϳҫ֬룬һȲָⴥϸ塣
ɬ·ֻçײϣڰԼĺۼ⿪誵¿ۣԷֻϼؿƫƫüһС
ѩļռĪrÿһߣָ⻮ѩ㣬ȴܵԲ
΢ƵѹֵĺɳԸеﾹȻ壬ĪrħֱϹƣֻٶס˳誵Ĵ
žҹɫ´ɫޱ߷ģҩʱ¼使Ļ꣬һҹ紵˳誵ĴԣֻԼĪrĹ
ʲôҲ
аˡ
ɡɿ
ڻܺĪrһ٣ɨһܣĬĬҲ
Ժ⴫һ̤֦̱ϢĪr֪عͷ߳ŭĳҧһڡ
۵˻һҲ֪Լ̫֣Ը˿ģѸ˰·£ãͷ񵽳誾ѱ߿Ͱ͵ҧҡ
ҧҧˡѹҧгݡ
⴫ŲԽˣ誽ŵñǼⶼðĪrЩЦؿֻҪǱߵٿһܷٴų뿪լۡ
˿գͷŵƵ˽Ų̤ԺĹأֻſ˼۾뿪ˣʱֹֻǷèɡ
ߺ󣬳課ųһոǾ仰䵽˶Уһ˼
Īrɫ̵Ϻǣͷ붺誵ͷ
誱ϵĻ£ĪrţЦһˡ
סڣͽӡץԼؿڵ·ֻԼҸˡ
ҽҹº𣬡ĪrþգæɴͷʵĲʲôˡ
һͲסĪrĥӲݣֻСô죬ҷȥбô
ǾŴ۾㷿ҡ
⻰ֲ˵ȥֻĪrɫԾһͳȥ˿
ûסһЦü£ôôء
㲻ҼˣԸ⣬ҡĪrĿ̣˵ʲôߺ˶ĳס졣
ˣҲˣ˵ˡ
ˣ湻ֱ׵ġ
ҹɫһҩһĪrɾű˯;һֱţûһͣù̬ãȡͷţһΡ
ͬҹլӿ飬һȴ롣
һֻۣҹͣЪ䵽³
ԽƽؿԼĶӺϵϲ־š
ͬΪıؾʦΪΪףףߵ˴Ҳע˳־ϹϾԽ϶ơ
ǺǣԽ߻䵽ʼĮȻĪϣһЦˣҫ䵽˭ϣǶ۾ü
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游ԹûģĪǽƱ˹ݸЦΪ˾˳
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ÿɺã
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ǲ׵̫ˣͷ
İٷ֮ʮ׶


53 
ƿһɵƲ㣬ͷɫǺܺá
Īrˣʳˣ᲻뿪
ﱧŵãָű´誱ϵĺǣ̲סɢڶԷ紦ķ˿һǡ
ܵģϸܵǣ䵽ϣѩһһռÿһء
žǵء
΢Ķ˯ۣĹɫδްһƬ¶һ̣Ŀӵˣ߰ɡ
ûĪr֡
ˣˣ̲סЦ߰ɡ
Īrֻɿ֣Ҵñӵˡ
·úҲӴչһȴƿˣЦЩС˵ҪԼλãֻǣҡ
ǴˣСĺʱʮױ޹Īr˳ЦЦ󲻿ϷţȴůʣҪΪһϲӳ洺ɫҪΪϻƣҪһݸãҪĲơ
ԼǵãӦðɽˮ񣬰ۺϣʫʸ踳黭
ɹԼļȴããԼİãģоʫƪƺʷʺоñĵǼ˲٣֪ӧ裬ܷ񲩵üһЦ
ĪrȻؽӹ·˴δ΢̧ۿ
ճһխĪr˳⣬ֻ˵
Īrסǵɢڷ£ڶЦʲô㷢ɫ𣿡
еɻûʳҡҡͷĪr֪ƽվ磬ǽС
⴫ʶӦˣ̷Ӧԣ뽫ԵĪrƽв
Īrװⲻϣ´
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ǣүѩ𰽫ϴº֪Ȥ˳ȥۼ⣬ٲδ£촦ĺۡ
һֻСһ䣬ĵҪ̸֪ܼҳ»
ʪɾüƿ֪̽ĪrϴϺѩڶţûнֻǽµһˮŵſھ뿪ˡ
ͦ£Īrˮ˽Լãְѳ誱ڻɫһŻûл㣬ǻУ˵һԻѹˡ
Ϣ䵽ѣЦõ࣬ǰɲ㻰ࡣ
ûл࣬ĪrСֻ˵Ļкܶࡣ
ˣڸҰɣr͵֣İϤͳһֱЯʣҵģǰʲôϵ
ٴμö飬ֻûӹ·һɬΣȴҺͻĪr⡣
ڣȻڣˡ
ɫѹĪrҲ᲻ó˵誰̫ѹ£ͲҪ˵ˣֻңǰΡ
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վ飬ѷ֡
˵ѩҹ
ӦãӦͬӦѩ·绨Ӧ
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ܵܣĪrĿƿ誣ĦŶԷĲֱ課ڱͷҧҧ誵Ķ誸磿
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û֮飬ˣĪrЦ㣬ǰĽ֮顣иֵ뷨Ż֮ݵèȲҪֱ˵úá
߰ɣҪѵʱˣʹߣˣͷĪrĴЦȻñ˶֪ȥɡ
誴ûи߹ĪrֻʱԼԶҪ
ܣûпڶκ˵
ŭĪrɾ˵Ҳ־
̣Ҿƣ˲Ķһ䡣
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ˣֻΪͻ˶೤
̫ˣļͥĵļˣϣܻǸ˺ܶ࣬Ƚҽ豸ѵĽǮʱ䣬Ͷصо
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課Ҳҹôϵϣ
ܣѾʼԱ֪Լʱ޶ࡣ
ᣬѰ󰲾ΪɰҽԺһ˳üͥҽߺȵվڱ߲㣬ȥ
ǲɣø˸绰˵ԼѧУѡ
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ٴۣõԼܹϢƽ֡
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ЦĴڶԱ˺
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Īrӳųȥʱ򣬻ɴۣΪԼͼıյ˵֣ŵ׼Ժ棬ȴĪrһĳ誡
ٻȥϢҹҲûôڣô۳Īr붨ǳ̫òʼδԺ
߰ɣ⸮϶֪Ҫ𣿡ЦЦĪr˼غ˶䣬ٵˣϼɡ
ȵȣס֣Цǵţ
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һͯʱдֻģ׼ǵֻȥƤϹȻʿ֣Ȼ˵£ǸùٰдȥŸͶЩԩڿȳѪˣϷš
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֪ʱ乻ҪΪλԪһɡһ·꣬һƽ
Ĵ˿˿⣬̧ͷ죬ԭˡ
ԽϢ񾩳ǣӢɵû˵ſǻʱȴһֱԥṳ̂
ǾᣬɵͷŵϵʯͷӢ
Ҫˣɡ
ҧţûжװΣֻѱرΣӢԣ֪ÿ˵Щʲô
̴ӢĬƬ̺ȵҪˡ
ȥһҲӦãƽ٣ûҲ¡һʶװû⻰
Ӣƿߣҿ²ٻˡ
ҲãǱˣɱס΢۾һѹ㣬պౣء
ΨˣһԶھ˻Ĭһһֱ꣬ҲҪɢ
㣬ԸԸһȥǣӢʡ
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ȷʵܾûмˣ֪ûбЩ
л˵
ӦȺҪ󣬾һ㡣


54 
Խ˳誺ܲĸоأĿŻɵ죬˵صô
ɿһ죬оЩ
ϲ죬Ҳδڸϼֻ˿˵̸ȴֻ޹޹
ѹֵķΧȾ誣޶Ҳóʹ
żҴŵǵÿһ֣Ծɥİɫݰʹ˱Żµ޺۴ᣬѬݵֽǮ
룬λż̫үǣӦһλΪصĺù١
Ըޡų֣𾩳
˳־Ϊ׵żңûԽȫƫ̫ӣԽزֻת˳־
ʳǵľΪϱϾعǣ۶
ûмǴϾͳξܺԽͽû˵˳־ύΣжȥ
´󱯲޲ʣ誻ظһɫ۳ɡߣոȥ·ӳЧ
·ʱȻջԻ͵Ͼϳİײ鿤ָ˽£誣ֻ΢΢ͷ
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ĿǰͫԽ˰룬ȻɫƽüѾ΢ĪǺϾ°誣µȻŮѰ׸ǡһŮպҹȨ¶棬Ҳżһ档
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ӶˣĪųɫΪɷѿġ
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55 
ֱݣݵƴӳٱӰΣʱùţҹⱭл˼ΣоʪǶڡ
Ȱɣ²ޱ¶ĪǵЦһֽԼıӵݸ誣£ȹⱭ
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ճϳԹֲ׿һԵ
ңͷͣʮָ䣬ŰһԽԽ죬ָѹѪۣ󾹳ܲסǻ룬һԶˡ
ָѪ䵽ϣһĬӹŮɾ֣ͷʱеһᡣ
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ǣǾ졣˴̧ͷĪǿЦ
Ī±õҲһԡ
ԭȴΪһԣϵͳͻȻԹǺϸһʶ
ԭУĬȻ
Ī㶵ĪȥһժñɫӳŵĹ⣬ҫۡ
Ϊ˶課Ŵ˵شⶫĪrñַ߽誣誵ֵǻؼҰɡ
ʵɶСˣ
⡣Īrһۣ誵սһЩ
оĪrСãﺬЦмɫһĪϡ㿴˺üۡ
ٿһ°ɣչڱȡܺΪϾͳ죬ĪǿĪrſĪ˵ãҲͽ
Ͼͳ졭֪Ϸ⻰һͶĪr̽
޴¡ĪrüĪδ¹
֪ɣĪ˫΢еǹ½յݵӣҲְּͬվͻ¡
Īǻ⣬Īrʱȴڳ˶
Īùʧ
ϯϳ󣬳üĪǾٶĪr͵͵ɫ
ʲôڱģЦһۣǣĪr֣ҹɫðҿ·
ǣҰɣĪrСû˼üС־ɥˡ
ʲôأͷ䣬ȴĺۣۺ֪治ôǻûʧģҲ㰲𣿡
ĪrҡҡͷЩѹų誵Ըҡ
ôͻȻһʧЦͷĪrͷʵﲻΪĪrĲο
ĪrĪǣĪǴСܵľǻĽܳѾ̸ĪrԼܸȫԲĪȡ
ʳʮ̫ү֧ڹĶ»ôꡣ
Լıһδ̫HŴʵĽƾֱ˼ȥݣûһȨ򽻵ľ顣
֪ûԼһԵĪrҪôȥĪǡ
˺ۣƣ롣
ֲԭúһ˽˺ۣȡůԱ˴˵
Ǹ鷳
ų誵һǲ̫̫࣬ˡ
ô鷳誰رϲСrˣɰˣŲ鷳
Īrɿ֣ۿ誣Ҳǵôǰȷš
Ӧһֱ˴Ұɡ
Ѫɫξгĸϳ࣬誣һҪˣˣһȥ
˵һֻ±СЩᡣ
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ͱʹñһ
ԣһֱڸ鷳Īrʵ
ЦһսĪrʪĽë
ô룬κ¶ҶԶ鷳ܰﵽ㣬ҺϲЦ
ΪҰ㣬Ҫҡ
Ϊҵİˡ
ǡ
л˵
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56 
лҪ˵Īrɿų誵֣̹¶ԼĴ£ҪѰԭһҡ㻹δ֮ǰҲ㡣
ıѹһ·ײͷѡ񽻸ġ
˺ǲͬģĪr룬ĺҲӦòͬɡ
ҪţҪӵһģԼȥ
ңȻأָᡣ
룬ĪrųƿԱ㡣

벻Լߡ
ҪҪһϷҪҪֶƭ
Σۣᣬʲôã֯ͳסס
߸ɴͶΪ˫ֿ뿴˵ۣ˵Ķ䡣
صӣõİңÿʱÿų誣ֻǿű㣬ĥѷ衣
ҪЩظĪrĻЦ뷨Ըⱻס
Ҫס𣿡
Īrų޵ЦҡҡͷüƺֽѵԸⱻסҲίȫ㰮ҵá
ҲҪίȫ
뵽ʲô۾ͻȻģЦ˵㲻֪ԼҲһֻ񡣡
һֻͬԸ߷ɵ񡣡
뵽˻ɳһּΪݡ
ա
ۼ᲻ã᲻ðֻƯ
ͬһɣǣ֣סᶨͬһ𣬼Ѹףů˫ɡ
ҼԺܺãĪrͷǳ誵ıǼ⣬㸺ҡҲԹ誡
ա誵̾Ӧ
ǣܻǣңļ֮ˡ
óԸҡ
պ㰲ĴԣĪԼԵ̶̫һҩº˿ͰĪrϾͳ죬ǲû㣬㣬ҲܰЩ
ÿ궼мδΧԣL꣬A
ĪrֻͷţĪϰһԲֵ̫ʦȥôʱ꣬ɼ˵պʱմãΧԺӣΧһƲܴޱСһ
ʱ֣޳ҲһЩ
Ī˵ƣ̫ѨֵȥɣҲϢˡ
Īr巵£תȥſڣվŸչҵƣٹŮ͵͵߿
ſƮ䣬ĪrȸԾЩͰֱ·ǳЦͬŮ䵽ϡ
誾һίԶһ㣬˱ľڹϡ
½ȥĪrų誵ɫ˵ζҩһؼ䡣
ƺһ˲ס΢΢գۣһ
ǣĪr֣һؼ䣬Ҳãֻǰ½ԲǰҪ
Ҫһֱǵãԡ
ҩĪrǣʵԼԤУҲ׳ΪҪ˵Ļ
أȥ̫á
ѹ誵ǵǧǧǰ«
ĪrҪԳܣҪǻĵġ
ҲѹġĪrͷ֤
ɫҩװСɵ̴ľĪrǰͬһͷ׷˪ԷƺߣʼձŵĵЦ
£ҩҩأЧ죬ߣʵٷðɣ˪أڻʡ
ҷǻӡĪrӹӷ
˪ֻЦЦת򷿼ŵݣַҶƬ£ʶһˣӢֺ̡
ϤϸȴҲټĪrü˼˪֪ǲҲǿֻЦһöҩָ䣿
裬ĳƺĪrҲᣬֻ׵鷸֮£Ϊ
ڵ¶ԣʲô£˪Ը뿪֮գͬаɡ
ھǣӢ֪˳־㣬᲻ܲ˴ٴΰԼ
֪Ҫ뾩Īrӣ߹誡
й¶˪۵ЩɣͬԵԵҲа
Ӣĸ˳־ޣĪrĸ֮á
ˣʵԵ
˪ĪrȥıӰһĬĬǣλ£һ԰ɡ
ͭǮָʾ֣˪öý⣬ֱͬΪ課һԲŻȻֲʾƶĺ塣
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ԸܼãҷĲ
𽥲ȣʼԳĪrܿȺĴӵǣ
誱ԼֲĪrһ㽫ԼˣҸĿĪrͬˡ
ϣĪrǣ־ͷߣ˵誱ĪrԻ̤ģȴͻȻס
ѹĪrڵûоһֻۣЦŴսĿˣݺ˶Էһڡ
ղǼĪr誵ͷѵĳڴҧһڣв׼
ҷʡˣ˴ҳĻڹˡĪr
ţһڣŽŷ֪ġ
ĻϯأܻõطĪrһѽ
´βֵطĪr̽ʵ
ƳһۣʱٹЩδزͬ⡣
Ҵδʹùҿ۰ɡסĪrֱָָۣϵĹ
Īr̲ס͵һҲԾԾڰǰչһ㿴á
ų˫ͬʱҲ˻ڻ調Źſһ죬ңѸ֮жڲݴеһֻӣӻûü鴤±㲻ˡ
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57 
ʱӰ߲ĪrͲмֻͿϾ綾ļֱķһʧɫŮ޺ŵڵϡ
ϵ·ΪǱһƬ¶ƤһԶĵطһֻ˫ϻϵͺš
ȾңŮɫҰܣо俴ĪrµȼϣĹ⣬ƶ壬ȴΪֻ̫Ŷ˫ȷ
ȾҡĪrǰϻϵͺſ
̤ɽϵĿҶĪr侲Ҫ
ѸļŮӵͬסþ޷ֱϻһŷӦһֻϻǰצڵϡ
ŮɿʱϻѽצӴӼϰγ˿ڴѪ䵽ϣӿŮӱɲǼĪrŮ࣬δŮһקⱼȥ
ллл㡭ŮվԽס£ĪrĺѰȫУĪrüλС㣬ء
⻰Ů˵ίŭͷᣬȴ̲סˡ
һͷ׷ĽţֻǴδϸ
Щʡ
£ԼѾ·ҧŴͷ
ղ֦¿ɴȹɴȹ͸ϱ׻Ǳ²ٶǰӿȥ
ѹԼ±סڣתĪrʱĺ
ܼ޸ӣҲܺá
СĪrԷͻȻס毲֪뿴ĪrʼûпֻǲͷϵѸ
лл毽ӹ·ϣԼڵʵʵһͣ
ĪrǣߵӪʱĪͬ󲿷Ѿתˣ誻ԭؽţһԻһֱ誴Īǡ
ţ˵üǡ誴Ĳɵ
Īǻ˵ʲôһȻĿͣ¶Цһˡ
ڳһЩûߣĪrĪ̸ϻɳĽδҵˣĪrѾ˴Īʮֽ
ĪrһȴһĽк毣
ȺеһλӰ׵ӱĪrԣ滨ŮӽһֱŽиס
ŮĪrлȴͻȻŮϵ·۵毣·
ڳȴͶۿµɴȹȾ֦ƺ¶۵Ƥ毴˸ףһƬ
ֻ´ӴԺûĸŵԵ˼ңԸȢⱻ˿ӵŮӡ
ٺֱſڸ׻̲ס˷ͶĿѿвٹŮеͷ͵Ц
ֻǣֻ봩ƯȹԳ϶ĿΪ䵥ʱϷϻϻΪһ·׷š
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֮ǰ͵͵ĪrһۣС·һϴ㡣
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ˣͬаɡĪߵԵ
²ͬ·ĪrüԼԣĪǵĿǻ
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Īµصͷ˼һ£Цͷˣһ˵زҪȥ顣
ɫԴЦĪǣĪr뿪ˡ
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ĪrųĬĬǰߣ誻ͷ̲סװɵ
ʲôĪrգգۿ
ƳһۣӿٶǰˣԼ
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ŵıи誻¶Ц⣬ĪrǵģҺܸˡ
ܸ뿴αƣѡ˵Īrమ
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ǰĹŮһһĪͬƨĴʹֹסЦÿ辡ʱҪһʹЩ鱦
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վ壬ɫΪ˶ԵЩĪĪʵѾͷҪЩʲô
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ڻɳ꣬ǲ֪̻⼸ھǣȴԽòʴ˴ĪrԸ׼˼֮飬ر߹ء
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毸ֹסˮֿʼ䣺ʧף˭Ҫأ
誰ߣӣҲʲôöȥɡ
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תֵ޲ȥҪ⾩ȦЦ
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毵ͷǵģҷá
֪֪֦ϰ˭Ц˵
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һλŮӣʮ꣬δ顣誵
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ɾЦ誷ʡ
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58 Ϧ⣨ִ棩
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59 
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һֻŵϣ̧ͷϵǵ̫ѣҶ˻ӵа˵
㰮ãҲʧȥٰ
ǿûģãҹ˸
⻹䵽ϡ
˵Щ˹ϲ̧ͷͬһϵǣϲճɾ
֪ˣû뵽һ۾ܿЩ߾ؿһɫĶ͸죬ȴûаҪԼĪrϵ˼ֻ۾ЦóԸʧá
˼ҡ
Īr࣬ڶˡ
ˡ
ų誵Ц룬׳ִԭ
һǴСδʶ˼ǧնδԹһࡣ
Ȼʫ飬ĹڶīϵվӵһδȾĳ֮ġ
¶һ
ʣһĿֻ࣬гԼ֪
ط󣬳ԺһԺǽԵϴɳɳüȥȴһȹ̵ϢϤͳŴڶߣץˡ
ռ̲סЦĪr
ȲĪrų誵°ͣϸϸһ飬һ˵˵ʲôˡ
װʲôûĪrܲռԼѵŲ͵
ðɣĪrͶˡ
ĪrԷ׵ĻѾ˵ߣ»ô˵ط˺þá
ʲôأ誹ĲʣҪȥˣ𣬶׼𣿡
Ȳȥµĵطµľɫȥ˼䡣
ǷɪȰ
ţĪrЩԸἰ⣬ͷ׳誵ĲӣǱﲻסҪౣء
˵ʲôɻ
Īrס۾ȥݣھҪչ˺Լ
Ⱦƣ̣Ͳĵüȥ
֪ܻݻҲزˡ
ѹܸ߳誣̸ֻҪúչԼ
ܻ
ɽ·Զ㴫˼
Ӱҡůġ
˳һݽԵ
誵
֪Էܰһ㹻ˡ
ʲôסĪrĦŴ۽ǵʪ󣬡Ҫһȥ
УĪrᶨ㲻ȥ
Сr調Īr۾ʵ鷳𣿡
ȻǣĪr̷誵£̫ˡ
ˣȥ˰ݱɣԽá
һ֪֪ҵꡣ調ĪrЩѹü۾
ٿޡ
׼ȷ˵ǰޡ
ҪŵˣˣЩµôء
ǰż˵λȥ
ЩҲǿţĪrꡣ
࣬ȴ˵Ҫˡ
־壬һӣδǹᱻĪr¡
Ϊõɡ
ңץĪr·ҡ
ͷĪrŶԷӲɫҪˡ
Էյڲ誺۵Ҫңòá
ܺĪrԲ˿࣬תһھǡ
ܹܿѣᣬȴٳܷ롣
˼ÿֻ࣬Ҫǡ
Īr˵һ
ĬãƲ̽ͷ
ºͱǰξ
֪Īrеѹȳֻٰ֣ɫԷķӦѾʼʹֻܱ誵᲻ѹ
߰ɣЭ۽ǵ¶ЦȥĵطΡ
ǲãһá
ֻܱ񣬶ǱڷĶ
пѣı
л˵
֮ǰոոޣ
_(:١)_


60 
ɺᣬ⻨գżе޲ÿɳʢϳ³ϸ˿͸ɴڿ
ƵƵ̨ϵ˻Σ⼸^Ѿ߱ѣæƿû˺㰲˻صԭλá
мѾߵҳȥ͸͸
⡭С㣬˵˲߶Ѿߴ׷ѵ
ۣӳһţƬ̺̲סߣɣ֪Ұ̣ҳȥһ۰ɣڴв׽֪ʱҲزˡ
η˳־ȴǺһͬ󣬼С۴ȻζԵֻΪЭСȥɣҪЩԺѲӵġ
ͷȥˡ
Ҷ˶ֻһ۱ԺһȥؿںԺ⣬ȷ˶ŶŸǽ磬ˣ
ǽ洫ĦӢԽǽɵڵϣɫһƬް游ζʡ
ǰ˴ССŮŮü治ƵƵӢһᣬˡ
ˣˡ
磬硭ôŻҧѹ£ſӢ
ȥʱۣӦͬʱڸ绳壬ĸ˼أȥһֱѻղǰʱꡣ
Ҳǰһȥأһʮһ꣬ʳɣʱ
С㣬ȵ첻ˣүͻˡ
ͤ￴ϸ꣬ܿͻ
ûУյûоͷۿͤᣬ̧ͷʳɣʲôʱͣأ
ˣ˵
ͤһµꡣ
ÿ䣬ˮֻҡͷСˡ
ղˡ
ͣѩʳɣΪλ
˵ѩͣүͻˡ
ٿޣֻǹԹԵصͷ¯ȥ
Ѿ֪ѩͣˣҲ
Բ𣬡ӢɤһֱԲ𡣡
һֱĸͻȻʣִһҪԼһ
ǰҪ뿪֮£ڳĸ׵Ĺײģȡĺǡ
˹ǣµˮڡ
ͬһ
ŷڵҪˣͲŲҶѹס۴ݺݸһơ
岻Т
жµةְ֮ڼҷʡ
˯żֹסãڿҪǰ˼ҡ
ش֪ȥġ
ھƯգʱ˪һ⣬˵֪ĸ׵
ǷϸԼӭȴǸײµ޵
Ϊż˵Ļ˶е裬˳־ǲȥ£ú٣Ҳ϶ˡ
Ÿû˵˪ྭӵϵĻҡ
̣˪ȥ
˪Ϊʦ꣬ҲҪˡ
żֻ֦ҪӢ¶棬ȫ
ƹŻңȴŵĻˡ
ȻǸ
飬վûڸԷ绪ʢʱ
㡣Ӣ
ȥɣټ˪Ӣ˳־ûעʱӢзŽһϸСֽ
ѺԼķУӢһʱֽ
࣬ɷɱ
ıдţƴɱ֮Ȩλ
ֲջԻһʱң˳ǵȨȦ
ޱ齫ֽ˺飬ֱӽƿ̤˸׵鷿
˳־ؿһ覴Ʒ
Ҫߡ
ԣûԼּӢ˳ǣ˳־ҲľƢֻϲңȥǵһ⣬޴ɵ뷨𣿡
Ӣͷû˵
˳־Цһȥɣȥһ⣬ּܼʱ
ﴫɵĽкһƿӢ磬߰ɡ
㡣Ӣͷ
أҪңѾ׸뿪ԭ򣬵ĸٴαҡҡͷ߰ɣҪ
ɵĽŲˣӢԽϸǽ۵硣
游ޡ
Ӣĺݺݵһ£ҹɫŨѹһ뿪ԺǽʱһԶصĳɡ
Ӣ򴽿ɣͻȻһѱס
̣ɫãܿ΢΢ӢıȻؼҰɡ
ûмˣãۡò񻰣ҡҡͷȻôųɵҲ֪Ҫȥ
һ𣬡սֵǻسòã
áӢͷ
һ಻ңεӰֻʱɥĸӣֱ˱ѡ
ƺͬʱҲĸı䣬ʹɵһ̡
ҹ䳹˲ִƣҪؼҡ
޴ڵһһȼգ˪ŪĵͭǮˡ
ӵһŮ˪²ˣ˪ͭǮյƲ˳ڣ΢ɱеĲˮһ㵹ڵء
´仰¶ֶùˡ
ȻʱдУεѧϰһͨҽ
ϵİײ£鿤֪ͬҪ˳ȥ鷿ڱ۵˳Ҽλ̸Ρ
½ˣ鿤ͷԽüͷοصýˣЩ誽̵úܺá
ӵ֪Īrϵʱ鿤ϵǳھռһΪĪrñһʤ㡣
ĸ֮ˣʱ÷ãѡ
֮꣬˾һҹȥˣΪȥʹϴ棬Ϊȥʹϧ
ϵH֪ԼֶӷϻλҲòк֮ӵǸλá
ǹǸϰһ㣬ǲˡ
˪һ֮ǰ⵹ֻΪ㸴ĵһ
ĸϱżҶѹü·˭ǵĸ
ظʱƻδ𣬳誵ǶãκͶݵʲô˯ֲǲʶ·
誴ǷЦǲЩϸ֦ĩڡ
еƲ˲˯㣬ǲŽлؼء
˵㣬̲סЦų誺طȥ
תӢ߰ɣҹˡ
Ժڲһ룬ĵʲôֻգգɬ۾ȻһɣָѹһƬҩֵʱˣ
ʲôèҰɡһӰӢ뵽Ǵŵİ׷Ŀ˼䵽ϣһ
⡭ôèɻδ˵꣬調ȿˣҪȥˡ
ݣɻͬʱ
üȥֵطʲô
Ӣ˼̵Ϊ
ŻؾǰգȻӴϢǵʱڹеػǴ˪š
֪Īrͬʲôϵˡ
Ҳ֪Ӣ˵˭ֻڴƿ۵šΪ
˼߰ɡ
ɻԼ⣬ɻؿ誣ֿɫƽӢһԴ侲òˡ


61 
Ǳ򱾹ѧЩţƢȻݣҲˡ̴ǳһڱвҩüߵĹŮ۽
˪ҩģΪòò£ĪΪ誵ҩҲ⼸֣ӱˡ
Щһֱûһҧ˹˿Ī
ͷЦȴ壬һֽҩ
˪ۣԷֻЦҡҡͷע
ȡĴۣһ
һԵü˳ۣǺó⣬֪誺Ī˵ʲôŪ̡
ұ²ȢԼֶŮġ
ദ˪ѵЦ¶ȣӢͳò裬Ӣͷ𽥱ûҰܣȭͷֿ
ʦ˵
֪˪ЦΪε˵Ļһֱǵá
ɴδӢ̸˪ֻȲ費˵㼫ѣӢϲıݴ
һԣ˪һԣǷġ
ӢüҪܾöͭǮѾӿģ˪Գɵλӣرһ
ɵͷ⣬ӢЦˣʲôҲʣҪ˷һ𣿡
ô᲻֪Ҫʲô˪΢У߿⣬ɬ֮⾡ף֪ģġ
ǴӽԺ󣬻᲻֮˷𣿡
֮˲δָɵĻرѾӢףΪλ̴
꣬˪ͭǮŲ˼ؿӢһۣʾ
˵벷Ե˺ˣʮ˪Цһ£й¶һ֪㲻ƻҪ֪ˣá
ֻ㣬ĶУڡ
ӢֻҿһЩ
Ȼ߰ɣҡ˪ͷ
ĵָֻյ˪̯ģֽҡ
ʾջ;
һѰشڣΪΪĺҡ
һѰϲָȨƽ䡣
֣Ԥʾͬһ㡣
ֿľͷͬ顣
Ⱥˣôһ඼棬˪ǱʲôԭĹ켣
巵˳󣬳ϵۣһµֵΪǰĲܺúɡ
лˣܺ㹪мһ֪ͬ⹬Уʵ򱣻ԼȻߵĹְȴܵõǰһְλ
жɽĿܡ
⹬У̴Ī꣬ҲĬĬһˡ
Ƿȣܰ߷ʳǷ
㹻
誽ĪУĪr֮´ӲˣĪҲ˵ߵý֪Īrȥ´ϲǴҽչĪrһЩ׼ĪrͬС
ʱ£ȻǰЩȥʱȴиɺ󣬴Ӿǰʱ£óء
ػȣ֪ݵĹԱǷ֯Ԥ֡
ʲôüˡһͻȻ˴ӱסͷĿĪrЦʲôҲҪܣǲ̫Եˡ
ţ֪Īrͷҧҧ誵ĶһЩҲ˵£磬ҹȥ˭Ⱦƣ
ǣ֪ĪrԼһЩ˳ϷԵź˭ȥȣͷۣѡһɣ
ѡˣҿҾͦõģĪr§ЦѡҰɣů
ðɣ㣬ˡĪrǰµĳߺȻĪrˣһʱӲ΢졣
Īr׳誵ȴֿˣ誵ҧгݵǹġ
Īr֪ܲˣӣԽԽЦ˭˯
ҺҷҪҵģܺĳЩһĻ졣
óɲѣŸմӢе֪ĪrأתͷּĪrͳ§§
һʱӡľɫȴǶŴСų꣬ó׻
Ϣʼղܽ誺ͺɫϵһ𣬸Īrǽݴʷǻӡ
̫ˣ۷ɫӢ˴ؼҰɡ˪ͬĪrһͬǰݲŴӦס䲻⣬ӢԸ˪Ļ
ӢԶΣһֱŲ¹ȥ޷ԭԼ
Ӣδ
ֻվٺ޽ٵͬС
⡭ɴͣԷƿߣȴԽսĪrӢ˵һͬȥͿЩʰɣվ̡
Ӣͷ
ȥģֻгһͷԣֱܹϢĸоҧЩ޿˵ͻȻ䵽ͷƿȥӢǵЦȥݡ
ҲҪȥһȥݣˡ
ңʵڿȥɵ㶵ӣǡ
ţӢ¶ЦͷǣҲҪȥ
Īȥ˰ݣͻȻü̾˿調ʣ̾ʲô
㲻֪ƿ֮ǰһֱҪ¹Ѿˡ
»ĳ誣ҪȥݣҪһȥġ
³»֪˵£᲻ܲˡ
⾩ǵ½˭Īrʳ誡
Ȩڶ࣬뾩ֻ¶꾭Ӫȫһ
İɣЦɱСس졣
Ҳͬͨһ֪س챳
⾩ǵؽļԳңؼңԼɢһ۳ɵһһҶżұ̫ӵγ˶Կ֮ơ
̸ڣ
Ǻظϸմӳ񾩹ĺس׼ƿţϷ϶ЦһһŽ߿ϵˮѵ£ĵ̺ˮʪسüͷŭ⣬ǿάǵ㵽׼ˣ
⴫ٺЦļүˣСʱء
յǣسʵ
ǰЦ֮⣬ε˵ˣ


62 
ǰЩ㣬Ҳģ誽ӡóϸһֽƱһ࣬ѴǧԼţӸسǣеûš
ҪãҼĸš
ڳ񾩰ׯöλãҲһ֪ͬ࣬˴βԣȻĪrĪ֮ԹֻڲԽġ
ͷ꣬Īrӹгʵ˸䣬ҪѲǾһٶ˴ߡ
ǸȥݱھǸڣֱڱ߽ҪһЩٽҵ꣬ٻж׹Լѡµ
ǹֵܣһĪrʹģϳһ̵úܣܰԼھȦĪ۸
鷿ҪĶĪrеҩ򿪿հһóòӣ׼һߡ
ĹƺЩԣĪrӵĶһ٣Ȼ̧ۿ鷿
òõҲδ裬Īr鰸ϳ鵶ʣһæ󳷳
ۣҪǺɱµ
ӵϤĪrһ˲ȴûţɫһݣֵ볽ڲ鷿жս
ཻδʶϣһ޵·ͷĪr룬Щȷųʵʦ
һģһĵĪrͻȻú۵ĳᣬζӳ¡
˶ҪˣΪѹ
㡭СӣģЦͳү𣿡
Īrջص⻰ɫ΢ţˡ֮ǰϵøһЩϲ׺ͱ֪ˡ
ǲ֪´˽һ±˴ʲôʱ
ʰģĶȥСʯͷϿĪrԵİʡ
ȥݣĪrСʯͷֻϤЩȻûмȥЩůȴǱʶţ֪ʲôʱܻ
ջҪߣĬƬ̺ʣΪѵͷˣˣ㡣
ͽӱͲʹƫƫʧˣȥǻ֮رЩ۸˻ˡ
δʦźͻںޣһ˵ʲôҲҪСʯͷúõġ
Ŀͳ뿪ĪrǸСӡ
Ҫ˯졣
ȥݵ·;֪ܲܰȶȹ
ĪrʰӳҺԺ˽ȥպúҩĳ誽µҩ£պϵСվ
ĿζһɵĪrҿ㷭ǽϤˡ
׻˵޲檣檲͵Īr߽誹͵͵ţ㻹߰ɡ
ҪĪrЦһ誵֣ԺҪ̧Ȣ
ȿȡ
кЦţԺŴʮֿĿԣתͷȥվŸյǵĳ»ĿöӵĳʱЩܲˡ
Ȼ»ʱ˵үҪһҪΪ£׳ҪǾһڣɵӣ𼸷ֲʵͷ
ûڣɾͬûܣ壬㿴
»ϵı˳飬еĹվҰ
һˬ˺һĸܣƿõ⡣
壬ɫ΢Īrӻðɡ
ڿǲˣһĬ롣
޷һԼﰲο»ȫ˴С
ϵͳ⵽ɵ뷨2.0м㣬ڳ﷢һЦ
оԽԽˡ誰е
ƣ˹봫ͳĲͬҵķ߰ʿµĳǲѧϰ£ϵͳѵö໰ҵĴߣҵߡ
ֵϵͳ˼룬װ˵ˡ
Ϊռ߼ЩǼʴһµ硣
಻û߶ȽĺǸ߶һ£ɾʵ壬¡
ⲻˣݡ
ʿδȫΪʵİˣѰĻ߼Ǵǧ͵еһ
ճӤųѧϰһС
ͣơ
ҲŴӱϼȡ֪ʶۣϧÿӦõһЩʱܿ˻Һս̫ܲĶңԶˡ
ΨԳΪԭ͵ĳĳȻȵؽš
»ֻĬĬ˵ͷƺһʱ޷̾תˡ
誳װŭôҡ
ҿСrҲû˭֪ǲŵˡε
ϴ̬ãüë¶𣬳誱ò׷ֻĪrͷο޷ҲΪ˼
Ͼô꣬ô÷ſ
ܲˣᣬۼҪʼĿǣһˣȥʰûС
ǰû˿ŰۣĶ˳̤Ժɳ̾һо˼֡
̣߽ԼԺӢڵϣ߹ȥֵʲô
ӾǼЩĵ磬ӢӹɵݹӲ֣֪ϲЩɫջܿԺӡ
һƬж¶ЦӢֻаĵҩЩƯĵҵòš
롭ҩӢ㶵
ɵͷԼܱӢථ˱֮ʵѵãӢ鷿ȥһ߽ĵҩЧһ߽ɹɵİĵƤó
İĵƤɹװһСӣӢŹӳĬļҾôˣ㶼ȥɡ
ⲻЩͲˡ
ţӢЦõлл㡣
գĪrһٶǾʿȥݣƺƵĶûˣδһΡ
ֻаҹ˵Ķʹӻ¥¥¿һۣµĶϢŵΪʲô۷׻˹ȥ
ڶľͷһҲƸţһβͲݣŶȣ˱˯˯˯ŵľͱ˴˴۵Сۡ
»ѩ𰼸˺ŮӳԲоٶȣ֮
Ȿˣ誱ۣԺ﷭ϵͳҽ飬˻۲ƸĿǰԵѵУȲƴֵؽֵʮʣµİʮ㣬ʮѧϰ
֢ȳΣˮΣϢʵæͣ
żˣ͵͵һϵͳ͸ġͬ˽СΪ
ÿοһͱ˳
һʱĪrľԴߣƽʱǶó誵¡
ʮһƻϵͳģ߶תֻٺЦһֻģ
·;Īrһҿջͣա
ɳ誣ų誵ˣҾ֪ǵĹȥˡ
ҪȫЩ޷ܵʹ
ûϵ뵽˵õһңԸ¸ҵؽܹȥ


63 
ʹֻţ壬
ɫļʻĿȴȫѪɫ
Եĺռ򣬱ɫĪrͷ㱿Լָָ֣ԾһصС룬ȴԼҪСһЩϵļҲ
ʧ̧ͷ֪ʱѾ棬ǽ϶һѪģˣĪrͷԼѪĵʹعڵϱסͷ
ǵصϸԺƵ˷衣
ƫƫÿһ糡պУһѪ쵽ȱߣĪrסĵĿ־忴ȥ
ݲҰ׵ĸ˵Ѫûһ⣬Ų˫ȣǱƽ§
ƵйնӲǣ

ָڸϣǰưܵݶɵʹҰ˱òi꣬ɫҰ׻ԲѣߵѪĪrľҵؽʹס꣬գۻȴֻʣһƬŵޡ
û䵽ϣĳڰԼҲ塣
ˡ
ֲó˵ԼǱ££˼Ի̵̻һ
ʪۿȴʪκѲ
仯ת̧ͷϿ˼ɫ䵭ͬ̸
ĪrȻȼԹޡ
ˣĪ߼
ĪrԵĵڶ죬ҹδ˯ƣڸۣżǳƬ̣ܿͻᱻĪrʹƺ߾ѣסĪrһֱأСrء
֪еûԼĻĪrˮͺˮһֱ£課֪˼ȥǺǻ
üڣɲʱ̽ͷšüҡҡͷ㰲˳ȥ
Īrˣ֪ʱŻѡ
ĪrδѡھҩΪȫȫ
鷿ԼĶƶĹ켣ʮ΢Сã鷿κ˽룬ɨҲֻԼ鷿ʱС
£İ֣׶κ˷ġ
˭̽¶ţ
ĪrʱѾǵգ˪˵ջҪãüŴһɱѵ죬ۣĪrŵϵ鱭Ӳ˵
СrһĪrã̧ͷ
΢΢ʹ誳ЦĪrɾϵᣬȻҲã֪ôĪrԾװµˡ
Īrִӳ󻷹ڻĪrǻﲻƽĺ󱳵أÿҶȥ
еĻͻȻ˵Īrͷס誵Ĵˣӽķ϶ﲻʱ¼ʹʡ
һػһ⡣
ЩѪʵһһ飬Ӳͷһֻء
뿪Īrų誵֮ǰĻǸˣҲҪ뿪Ұ벽
ԭǵһĴˮʹЩЦεؿĪrÿĪrʪĶָġüۣԽסֻʵޡ
ͬ
ϵĴһг˼ĺ÷ֳ磬Īrʶ۽誵һѹס˵ĺףһתƵؿʼ̰ȡ
ˮһɿһˮĪrз賤ǿҡ
ռһʰҰݰӣռԡ
ϵ˿סһֻ֣Ƶסֹ೤ʪһǡ
ֲҶֻܵס˵ľί
ĺ󱳣Īrǣս仺
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ҺǰˣĪr۲ᣬųЦһ𣬾ү
ҲͬɽһĹ
Ȼ˭Ħ֪һĨ»꣬Ψסҡ
ҲȤһ˰ˣȴһĨǣ
ΪɣĪrеĻңǰףĴ誵Ķ䣬ŵҪʯͷһ顣
ĩͷߣ⼸ƵƵƿӣֻĪrһ̲ܼķңָĪr֮ǰˣÿҹҪų˯ᾭﾪѡ
ɫҰð亹Ĵ誰ߺܲɿ
Īr§ֱͬų誵˵ġ
Ҫߡ
˶ΪĪrָ¹ȥеˣҲĪrʦĳᣬÿϳʱ̾
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ݾڣĿԿʼ֣ü½֣»ֵķηδʼ뼰ʱ̫ͬˣҺǺܿ쵽˰ݴʷص̫ҲϯӴ
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ֲǲǮĪrίָȳһôһ㣬ԺҲˣϲĶҶԸܲ˵˲ˡ
ɵӡЦһڣҺɵԼġ
䵽ϣ誱֤ԼҲüʵ÷衣
ɺӢһСԺﰤŵ䷿ῴﶼ˫ɶԣԶڴſ˼˺ܾãʼԼҪҪһ˸
֪ͰѺسҲˡ
ҹڵƣ̫ظϵˣĪrӹüţôǾ
ĪrǾɢ˰µľãǷһ죬˱װǰ̫ظ;гСʳ誣𣿡
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ųһʱƿԣӢģǳǳЦдյɶԵ̴էץѱ
ޣ˵Ҳеһ룬ĪĪrĵط϶Ǻõط֪ûצȷʵҪ͵¡
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ݵƶϡҲˣܿ˿ڡ
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64 
̫ظ⿴ȥͬܵƽ޲ȻҲȲǵ¥Ժֻɢɨ·ֶ̫׾죬Ŀⰵдܣδʲôԡ
ĪԼ̫УЩΪԭ
ŷӣ˱㵽ϯ̫Īrɫ糣ͷ䲻׽Ҳѹ
йĪrƢ㲻ٶԣֻЦк
ϲ͵Ѱͨ˼ҲʢвĪrƣҲûˣΪĳɶЩмܲס
ƹѲͻȻ¾ƺ̾һ誰һЦʵ̫غιʷ̾
˴Ӷѽľ¹֪ƶ񤣬òʲôöдǰԣпЦһҲһЩ裬ͽЦ
߽Թ֮޹֣֮Цйѣﱾͬ裬ʲôأ
ͨ͸¹ڱݣƲȥɢһЦƺ誱еˣ£ֻƳƵЩͷһɣ
һֵֻסеĶ̧ͷһֱһԵĪrȻֵ屧׶
֪課ΪֺóһֱƣƫƫֻҲܾЦеؾͽˣȾϼ˼ɡ
겻ʮǼǰĽʿڰݳƿ֮ףȻº޺
Īrҹıƣֻ뱧èؼҡ
ջǸһЦתƶ׼˳ɣĪrĵ⣬ʶҲûȤ
оһһκģӢüɵ˼Ǻܿͱˣһ֮Ψглﳩ
䣬ɢĪr̸˰ݵķ˻Ƿգ˫Ѫ䣬֮·Ȼָ죬Լδܰһְ̫֮
еĲ״ĪrĳžƱвζתĿһѰ˵ϵĳ誡
ȻԹ۵ˮºͣĪrһɬ⡣
֪誱Ըͬһı
棬Īrȫ
ѼʶԳͬǰһİˡ
֮ϳ調ĪrļɫƽºͣϸƲžдȻĪr§ڻ̲סЦ˼ðע⣬ڳ誴һǡ
ΪעĬĬתͷ
˰§뱧Żط;֪ʲôӣ誴ƽŶֱ۳ղĪrĲ૸û꣬Īrû޿̽˵ǽȥ
䳢˱˴˿еľζ˫ãĪrЦսĪrɻ󣺡СrõҸʲô
졣Īrյذס誵ĺף˵Ĵס鲻Խ誵һһǽխ
ɬĸŪ誵΢ƵȫĪrһ̽С
ɫ䵽˵ϣֹˣֻҪٵƮƮ˭һۣҪ˵Ͼ졣
˳Ĳѩף´绬䣬¶ļͷ򦹴һԸеߣںڵĳɢ䣬üȫȻ֪ԼĴΣֻһãȻ̧ͷһԹԿĪr
̹״ӿĪr°ͱʣ΢ۼ֮ϾºӡްֻС
΢ָ۰Ե̰ռ֮µɫᴭһ̧ͷʱкˮ⣬ҧί⿴Īrͼ͵
΢һþһţȥһ˹һ˫Ħʼ졣
ƭˡĪrͷԵڳ誴ҧһڣ誳΢Ť룬ȴĪrܶ
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˫ֲ뷨᲻صĴһ£ӲֻίĪrͷƴӵر졣
Īrίӣ̲סͷڳ誾ѷһЦ
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ΪʲôˡĪrü۹дüס뿪ڷĪrĻ΢ֱ֮Īrסƻ˿ݣǿ֮
ƿϵˣȴûͷתܿƣΪĪrһһܣһʱͷί׵
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Īrսʹ
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ͷĪrЦҡ
˵ģĻϯأøҲԡ
Ҫۡ
Щˣʱɲ֪ڸġ
誹סĪrĲӽͷ䴽ŪĪr˳ų誵ǣϵȥ
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65 
ﱻ˭ѹţֻۣɶԷ΢Ƶ©Լ٣ˡ
ǱŷɵƶˣԷھǣϼ۰ף۱ԣʹͻȻ׹䣬Էţ޳˫̲ס϶ԷѰȫУҪһ㣬ԼŲȥ
ʧƺߣ֮ϵĿ֦ƤʹɣûüϸϸƷζתֱ׹һشˮ
ůĳˮһƬȣ߳䣬˴Ӻ§ס󾱻Ƥӿ𲻰ĿֻţƿǸ˵ֱ֣ܵǣ˰ĵĵͻ
誡
Խĺó˫϶ԷĲӣľź󱳣ԸеĻȣںڵĳ䣬ס˰ź
ѹǿˣҵϣĴˮӿʹкͿһϯˢɬرŢ㴦͸¶һζ
ڵأδйĸоʳ֪ζ޵ɤӶˣ껹ûзŹѲصƣ͵ͳ˵ˡ
īɫŲĻһҪֻ½ѵ϶ˮʪĳ¶ļǱˣԼĽ޵Ļ
ƣʱ¶ۣµıӱ˺ѳڣ֮ʱͷʹѡ
ҹĳﱻ£ֱ˭¹ϣҡҡλοȥЩǿסԴĹ⡣
r調ڣɳƵ΢㶺˲͸˶ĪrڷпЩľڣ誵ĺ̸ϵߡ
һҹˬ߹ƿʱȴЩڰգ۾誣ϴһ
̲סЦһ΢΢´Щ΢ȴûаĸоСҹԡˣ
ţĪrŵͷ̲ס誵ļ磬ںڳѩ׵ļ羱ȫǺۣɫãǱﲻסСʵϡ
誵Ĳӣͷųϸʣ𣿡

Īr۾ģ˳ӺǸϷŹ˴ྶͥƲ۲شĪr۰Ͱʹյǰҡų課֣̲סֿͷЦСˣϡ
ҧгݣҿǼǵô۸ҡ
һ˵һƽʱԹԵģﻵôࡣ
ҲģĪrЦ˳һڣģҪ𡣡
ҪҪȵˮĪrʡ
誵ͷҪһˮǰͻȻͱһƬڲסץĪrɻʵСr
˵˳ȻһЩζԼռƽ°ӿڡ
ָ¶Ȼһһ˳ż羱»ʶΣҪȴĪrסãɫߺŭˡ
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ʺƺһӴ誱̼˫߳ȵʪ˺ڲҧϳĪrµȼ˻
Ҳ壬ߵҡ
ϰĪr¶Ⱥ͸ԷҲ̫⼸¾ҪɾϺ˿סǿƵͷ»±⿪Ͳ¶Ƥſеʶս
Ҫסң㿴ʱߡ
ˣĪrÿ
ϣһĻ
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ǾͺãĪrԱߵıڣֱһΪ᲻ˡ
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ݴʷڰڣ誳ƣҹдλֵüڵӵϣһĪrӶ
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Īr調ĪrͻȻ¶һЦݣñͶһһЦеĪrߵ
¶ϵıʹסĪrĲӣȾʪ΢׵Ĵ꣬ٵ˹ӣ⣬࿴Ƭ̾Ҫȥ
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ҹŵС˰ɨأŵվԺſڣش˸ǷͻȻǰһӰ
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аʶֵר課ۿǲģϢ˼ȥЧ﹡Խ̰
ɺӢҲķȥؽڰշλȳ档
յβҲף課ɶǵĺɫ촽ʱʱʪĪrͷβĿûƿ
ͬյͷ˵ָǸ˸ûʩĪrһĪrŲǾȣϰգȴֹҲ
ĿڳϣԷ⿴ʱ΢˵֡
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ˣ겻л֣ܳԱ𣿡һԽʱһСŮϢʵ
誱һͷСŮϿͳ˫ȣɫ΢оѲء
˫Сûдų㣬һѱ壬̤ϵĽմȾĻɫָﶼ๸
æԼ۽СŮסΪͳˣ˵ˣԵСŮƫƧȥ
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ںĻɬ˵Ůͻؼ֮ǰأԴԱģ겻л֡
ǾͺãСŮϲصͷŤؿų誣ϵۻˣҪؼˡ
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66 
˵ҪҲǼղ˻ƫƫҪסҵۡǣĪrţµĲЩ鸡Īr§誵ЩӲϼң˼
ǳĳģ誵ͺһֲͣĥޣˣֻסĪrֺˣб˿ΣΪһףеϲôС
˫Ȧסխ÷ſĪr°͵ų誾СȻǶȥ᲻˼һʱģҵġ
ЦӦõģһУֻˡ
֪ΪΣֻҪǳԣ˼ԽǺĪrԼ´˴ףʵʵߺߺü£ãתͷս˵Ķҧȥ
ĥһԲĶĪrˣͰ֫ϣǵóȵĺʪɫԵøɫɲ͡
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ǵָһСƤ˻ӣյó課ԾĴָȥĦϵͻȻһЦĪrŪȥˡ
ǵֿЩ飬ֻ岻˾㣬ƽսķϣĪr϶ԾЩⷬȡȨ˼˴誱ȦסĪrĲͷӦ
Ϣ̣ɬǼĥϤ˱˴ˣ㽥ѹʱǿѹֲһű޽⡣
ճվʮһԣīַӣǵýҲϣԲ˽ϡ
С߻𡣡ָסĪrϺڲδ⣬ס˫޷ӣ˼ִĪһĶĪrָ誵Ĵվϧᣬֻһڲ
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꣬ǲ𣬴˵رµDӵ֣·ƣɽδ̤Ţ·ʱԵЩǱ
ֻǾʿĿ࣬˲ӵЦȥ̫س̰ǾٳŲϰͽת̫֮λֻһʷͷ浶ǹ
ͷĿ࣬䵽ʱζŨأɷ˵ѹг̰Ͳȹ¡
ֱһ
ףѡ
л˵
Ǵ羺
ΪСr:ͷad߳Ĭ׵ͨԿ·
ʵСr:
:㣨Ұ
Īr:ҰҰúܣ壩


67 
¹ٳ̰ͣݼʷˡ̰æ񣬴Īrͷֹס
⴫еĻôˣδк˵֪ȼʮһǿҲҿһۡ
ĪrפΧӣưǽͳ¾Ƭһʱ֪˭ҡ
ҹŢ·̱Dһ룬é뻿ż¶һ˫۵۾ƺСط͡
ʷ˳է¹ѱá̰ͻδϣĪrƳ˲׹֮Уһʱ˵Īrתǿֽš
һǿҵΣУһ˲оԼĪrš˲ӡ
Ǿսɱ˵Ľʿɷ
ĪrһƬս۵ףһʱǳ調ˣ򴽵ȥ̫ظصķ˻ڶøҡ
Щ˷֮ڸ𣿡ΨΨŵŵˣ¾ɷ׵Եڻ谵£ϸ
˪üϸ΢һĪrЦ
ãæֳ֮һڸǣ·ߴԲڸǲס󸹱㡣
ǣǣ¹٣ʷ롣̰æӦ߽˽ϯãĪrûֹֻͷʲôų̰̫ظȥˡ
¾ɵļܸھۻյδɵݶ©£ĪrǾͬӢɶ̤ܸѰҷ˻ء
Լһùζ̰һЩεţģͬĪrһ𷭾ڣһڣϴʪ𤣬ܸ֮ϵĳڱ֮䣬̲סһ硣
ˣӢеľڿҡҡͷ¡
Ҳõų̰͵ֱ˵˵ãֱ߰һͿ
һ¡
ڼܸⷭʱ˻ؾڽҳĪrգ̰٣վЩʱۣ뿪ڶηĪr飬ҧһ̡
ڵȵͷʾ⣬̰æŽⷿͷĪrǰ̸ֿһ£ĪrֻĬĬŲһԡ
Ӣùľڣ˻£ס۵Цùζ𣿡
֪ɾȵϵӣСȻ誽ʳĽߣҲǳԲÿֻ࣬ǶԻҳУû£ұŰɡ
˵ڼ䣬ŵľڱӢɾһ˲ûӰԾ΢΢ɴ۾Ӣ
౾маЦƵǷ⣬ǰüй¶´ĥůֻЦӭˣҷԴ
ƺͳӢˣҲö࣬ʱ̾ͽԼĳСĽˡ
ǱֻЦŭҲˣʱһ⣬һſмֽϣ޶ԵЩɰ
ҡÿγɵӢ̲סѶԷһֻСӡ
ִһɵͷ³ɾðֻԼҲ¡
³ԼҲûʱ£ջ᲻Ծ΢ġ
ֿɰģӢ̲סЦһ£ݲ飬ʵԸȴ׺ͣ˳ҲδӢ¶ЦżһαԵ
ŶԷǵĻȣֱᵯ˵š
ϣ̴
ˡϿһеúܣֵýֱںӢͫתת̲ס͵͵Цһ¡
˵ЦΪΣȴȫӢƺ̧ͷ죬סĪЦ⡣
֪ԼЦʲôҲ֪ЦʲôӢԼӦͬһԭ
ͬ˴һȻͻɰɡ
šŵдһ֣Сϵֽ̲סͷ
ɿŵתһԣԷĵԵЩţ֮˼䣬Ӳһ¶ӵЦ
ѲһȦ誶˸λ£ëīĽϵĲֽƽʣīġһ֡
ϼ˻¥ĹƿƣƵ鲼óڼЦŭϲ
ձʣűһ̲̾ס޵׳Ȥīɾʻ˺ֻֽǴֲڵĲֽͨдֶ䦳һţοϸµĻ滭
ⳤһס¥ߣȴչʾ࣬бڱӣֻǼóţԼҲˣ֪վá
̫ء誼йò飬˼ֻ֣ǴԷ뿿øʱʶһһЩ̫ԣкͳ誶һ㶣˴˿ŶԷһʱ޻
ȵĸоգ誴ƿߣԵؿԼбҲΪոյεòҿ誣ȴ̲סȥһһ
λ˹죬ѵɫȾֵĸоһֱоеմ̻
üޣǳüЦˣƫƫˮһӣǴֻ̻֣һ׷
æƿۣԼ࿴˿࣬򱻳誸Ϊӡ
̫أ˼ձ誱뽫ոյĻȴ߹ŰͰܲ߿
ӦʵͷСﻶһֽСʰŷŵһͬһ
ãԵȺų˺ʹʷ˿裬ֻܽеͷ
ԭϯϵľư;ȥֻ̰ý˻ɲˮЦӭƨĵڣĪrͷڰʷˣ˽ﰮ裬˿Ʒô˸ۡ
ˮˮԲĪrüҪܾȻһλŮӣȣյĿ̲סЦһ£裬Īr㡣
ӢȻζջֻۣյˮʵڲײࡣ
ڳ̰ԵĪrɫ̺ٲȲ衣
ȻǶŲĹһʱѣԭغף̰ҧĪrʵβŮˣſ֮ʣȴϹһΪ
ⱭվǶˣֻ䵽˳ǰס̰һֱľ
ĪrһԷΪ뿪һŮӲסѲǾܾĻһڶԷҪӡ
ˮ¶ǺæͬӢ뿪ֻԽԽԣҹϰϰȴȷ̣һʼţΪԼʱͬӢǻԼ䡣
ֱżϴϴڱоԽԽȣȵůĶóŭȻԼŮ
⴫һ֨ѽĥɪһ£ܼ߳ϸþĽȥ
˭һƿıӣһʱ˲öŮӵķȣҧѻȥ
ɳƵ΢վڴߵ˶˶٣һַֻŵĶͷϣɶ㲻ֻñвҿɲʲôˣС㣬վΣʲôҲϣҲȢ㣬ЩвĪʷҲΣҺ͡
˵ƲԼĪrĹϵߵ˿ɫϸ乵ģ첻ѻӲ/Ҫ̲סһͳЦ
һ㶣۵̣
ϣӢɫɫڻްԼüĿǣʡ
ųɣƺ΢΢ָøɳɶǵĺָֻȴܾʧˡ
ҲȢ
ӦǴʱɫ̫뵣Ȼôá
ӢϿ˴Ц
ȵĽŸձ˴εĳС㣬ҹ⣬ִһ䷿ڳµıӢһá
л˵
һЩкѡ(*I`*)
ǲǲ̫
Īr:21
:27
:28
Ӣ:27.5
һЩᶨˡ


68 
̣㣬ȿȣôˣӸסԼ
ɫ죬ǽҹоӢҲֻɺȶˡ
ɷ΢ĴϢڼžҹʵѲأӢͻȻЩڸһɣԷ¹̵ˡ
㡭ʲôɵɴۿӢıӣһʱ֪߻Ǹŭ
Ѿ˼͵Ҫǰάס棬ȴӢֱ˺˸ɾ
ִգ̲סͷͣӢóɲעٽһҩС
ҩɬúܣһӴó¡
ӢסɵĴҩƳȥȴĶá
˱ʪ۾Ҫһί
ȵˮȥӢùһϵĲˮιɣһߺ̴ȥ
Ĳˮڣüҩ£Ӣųɿ
ɫŴϢϵɢ
Ӣ֣֮˱
Сеڳɺ룬ɳһСĽպá
ҩЧǿӢüɲɲĺٶľͱɺֹ̧סˣӢҲǿֻڳɿĵطЦΣԼȥԡ𡣡
СУֱӢãӢƲߴٵЩȥԡɣҸձҲϴԡޣˮѽ˱ãֻ뿪ʱһۡ
һȥɡӢĴߵ
̾˿Сȥڡ
û𣬡Ӣųɵɫ糣ǸҾͺãҴȥʵҾһտ㡣
ɾõǵǲ鷳㡣ôҲӢչˣԼԡͰҲȡ
ûȵˮУɳһɫЩ죬ʪϸϸȥ
ҡҷĹӳֱ֮ͦıӰɿϣקӢӰһֱˮָ⡣
Īһġ
֪ǱӰã˲˵Ӱ룬ҲǸԼۣͬǸЩҪԷҲֻһ仰
ƴңСɣ˪ݽ裬ѩȾ÷ɡ
£㷺ۺϣǡʱڣƻͬΣһ꣬Ҳûһֹһìܡ
̴Щ𣿡ڵòӢŲˮĳ֧ʣѯһ䡣
ãɻˡ
ֳһԱõ鲼ˮ飬һȿԡͰڱȣڴ˴ֶЩæʱٿϮһƣѣΡ
ǰݺڰһ˲ϵĶһͣͷԵ˵ϡ
Ӣ춯˳ǱƳһڴ˴ԡʧѪƽһʱ̫ƿ˽
ڵϵɫ촽Ⱦ˺ģ֪ӢҪƴץסմǺϻҩ۸סԼ°
ˣǱڵ̧ͷӢʱɫһһ
ҷ˵Ƿ˵УӢųɵִı󼡷壬Ӣ㽫˱
ӢֻܸץһִֻӳN´һֻֽסɵ˱
֪ѿ߱һֱδƣֻ·˷ڴϺϴȥ˵ˮ
ɽ۴ãÿһ϶˽һˮűӵְ𪾫£Ϊ˲ٵʬüãȴ׽ٲ
лɽӹһ£ˮãҷǰ𣬲ѪڵڱЩ
лűӣ֪ΪθоɫֹʱҩЧȥȴĪһ㲻
Ҫ𣿡Ӣʡ
ˡɽӵݳȥ׼´ӢסˣӢȥģ
طŵ°ֻ㿪ӢߣڶԷҪȼˡ
㣬ӢһЦɵͷ˯ɣһֳҲһҪҡ
ҷĲ㣬ͺá
ñӹãӢ뵽ʲôһüóɰ˯Լƿųȥˡ
޷ֻڴϣƫƫһ뵽ⱾӢķ䣬ⴲӢӦûɹֻԺԷҪʱֻһջ໻ˡ
˼ת˼Ȧȥ˻û˴ʱУһ˿һֱδܱߣƿһ
ֱӢƿŻɲŷ´ۣѰ˯ģ
㻹˯Ӣѵһ̶شҾСϣ±ҡ
ɼ뿪ڶ֪˵ȥˡ
죬ƿһӣӢαͷ֪û˯ţŵƽȡ
ü۱űöֱ࣬ͦıڲӰܳĽëڰɷ´ֻúϻҩҩʵѳ
ڣļ
¶أַлˮ^̤˻һѽ
誳³УŽת־û볽ֱӲС
ϳֻһ㣬Ǽ۷ɱԦڻ£;Σγɵ
ŽһС澿鷿ÿվҵҵҹʱ֣ʷˣͻȻŶ˼ֻСµͽֻ׶͡
ˣ·ʷӶСŵϸ˵黹Ҫ˹ơ
С㷲֪˴˭֪ǰһ±ȴɫȻ۵Цټ
ǰʮŶƿ鱦ЦȥǼǳ乫С澿úͿȴҷʣֹֻвƲʶ
ЩɶǴǰʷԵĹĺת̫أȴȥ乫ˣǿϧ
磬徻ͣĸټһǸСܵأ
鷿ʱɫæĥīʣ;ͣ˼⣬ī֭ıʵһεֽ䦿
кҧһֽʣһδаֳɡ
һΣһλԸĹ١
֮٣֮١
һƥҰڳҹ׷Ĳ䣬ϹǱʯɽҰѪһ
ǲϻҪɫѿһ⡣
£ѪԾ
ˮǹˣ֮ء
ٷ˹ֿ̲ڼаŮ֮²ڽ˻вգԽǮƶԷ֮£ȴʵ
¹ǰαʷˣδԻأʱʢ಻Ϊ֮㲻ҹڴʷʷԲƣ¹DСסΪһһŮͬס
һδãȥȴŴ󳨣¹ٽʱȴСȻɣǳü˱ǣ˺Ծȥˡ
¹ٳʵ֮ңȴڼӢųǻȳͽȻ֪ά裬סҲס
Ӻֹȥδȴżжجģĸţ¹ٲТδգؽ֮༱ףСˣδС껪Ҳһ¡
Ͼ״һ澣ղ״ָĿǰ
¹ٲηȻԸۼˣʷԸϾ¹Ըд״ֻΪ¶һƣ֮ݶϹ
ʢϧ˼䡣Ϲۣҹߡ


69 
ҹΣղͷʱ໥֮ڲԣֻǳ̰ɫѿЦݽӲ˼֣Сδ¶档
Īr֪ϤºֱӰ̫ظӢҡҡͷ̰ͼ֧ڲأ֪ǺӦȥ¿ûץѱʱپֱӽγѡ
ڼ¼а£ǾĪrɽΪ֮ǧݵķͽжֱȥ˼
ɽͨˮƧȴǷ˻֮ء
࣬ȱʳС£᲻֪ʱޣѧ˼ѧ˲ŵ֣ĹٷϲˣũũȲᡣ
̶Խݣᱻ˵ݽȥԽ죬ľ£ոһܻȥҡ
ҹûũҲʮֻũ񲻶ȱˮûĵֻÿ޺ȥˮ͵ͷ׹ĸ·ɶãֻҪٽꡣ
Īr׼ѲӴ̽ɽֵ̿İײ
Ǽ¯ֵָ㣬ƴｼϣϵЬҲ˲ϼ񣬱·ϵʯͷ˽ŵ಻ͣ£ֻקһѪۺܳܳ
͵ҰһƬˣݵĿҪ̳Ĳ죬һͲҪΪУǴʱϲȴ֪ǳͷ
ɳɤӿڣȴֱ첻ԡ
ֻ˵Īrǰɫ鷢µ۾ƷζⱯ࣬ǻһһʹĪrȰڣΪȡ
̫ظʣҪΣ
óͷĪrƳһۿ첽ˡ
Сڻɳسһսû˸ĸϳһ·ĿİδֹɳظɺأҲԵﱻˮĬȻ޲ߡ
ͷĪr֮ǰĪǻ
ˮİѱʪŢ˫ϥ֮Ȼлɫĵ̧ͷƮ졣
֪ԼҪЩͷһǷտ˰أŮһ֮мܻ
ԽԽԽϵؿͷø̫࣬ظԵɮɮԴҪϴȥ𹩷졣
˱涣Ӻι
ʦҡҡͷ˵Եۣǰ˴ҧóͭ壬һԵСɮһóϸһʱܹϺӡ
ʦӷ
Ϊʵʵ˱ߣްڱϣϵعȥʪʪۿŢͷٿͷ
ܾȡ񰡣𰡣أۺᣬһԲĲ졣
첻ش
ݷ𣬱ϳͷͨڳвȴĶ䣬ļ̌ͷڽëϽδ䣬ɫӣüۻ·ɫ䵭顣
ģ⸱Ӱɣ룬ͻȻվĪrȥϵ۵ؿޣĪrʧߵԼǰȴֹץ½Ǻ۵ɣɣȾǡ
ҲɡĪrͷݸüɡݸ޲ܿͲˣ˳ɡųͷֻʣǸô죬ҪôɲŲ
Īrߵ﹡߽ˮһȱڣˮ˳ȱųͷͷૣĪr㱵飬идԼҩӿЩη纮ҩҩȫԼϡ
ŲǾĬĬˮйŵİ˲ˮλƣҲæܹʼЧˮͷվȥ
ˮλһһ½ϲĿ·ˮˮȥˣĪrü˼䣬ǸŲǾϸٶ֡
һΧţĪrλûͼˮϵϸúַȥŵͼʼˮ·ߣˮȥ
˻֮ʱˮȻȥ٣һֱĪrĳͷһһײĪrȥĪrƳһ¡
ҲȨףϲ˹ݡ
಻ϲˡ
ʷˣ𣿡˳ճʵ
Īrش⣬ֻ˵ûҲö֪лģֻн
֪ʲôֻҲܻش䵽ûɡ
Ͼߣһɵˡ
ˮܷҲδܿ϶ʪһظӢŽ̫ظ˸飬ֻ༸ҹٰ̽Ρ
ʱ˭һֽɡߣߴϤ䵽ߣҪһ𣿡
ϵɡ䵽ϣȻ̧ͷ˴ű;£һ˫ЦѺòƽϢ˼ٶȵȼ̵ҽ֮ϡ
ɡݸһԵĳᣬ̶ֱӷϳ誵§ô
ᷭ۵ҹ̣ٿ㲻Ҫĸε˰
ĪrƲȥһۣԳһӦڳ誶ϵ֪üֻǡ
ֻ̫㣬꣬ó٣̫ĽòУŰġ
һ˾ͲˣͷңɣҲȺѰãֻһ˻̡̻
ʲôأһĪr֣˳ʪգ׵ĳ϶һ飬Цÿ𣬾ǲۡ
ĪrĦҲûۣǾ£ٿǧ顣
⻰óɫһ죬Īrһۣʾ⻹гڣȴϹһȥˣĪr§誵Цˣ໰˵
̫ظʱɱ֪ˣ˵ö˲٣һ洺һɫ죬ɵǵ⣬ˣ
ǵǣզ˵ͼӴףĪrƮƮһֹסˣֻ֧Ŀڣҹ꣬ˣøϽҸ򿴿˵һתţҪȥҩ
̰ͺ誱Ůȥ˷;£սʪ£һ磬κͲܴŽ
㱻˿ȥô졣Īrĺ󱳣Ӽǵ򦣬һʪ·װ¡
Էպɫȥ꣬Īr¹һ£һƵ誽ɾ·á
Լѻøˬѣ˱ڻ㣬ֻöɢˡ
ͷڳ誵ľһڣ誱ĶŪһʲôҴϸվûԡˡ
ΪŽսǼĪrרѰ˸طɾŽᶼԳĪrദʱЩϸ档
ƭңĪrǿ誵·ͷһ¶ѩ׼ͷҧһڣų誶Цϻǵζ
Ҳҡ
ĪrԴӻָٽˣÿһڱҪ²
誸æҪߣ˳һڻÿطʱ˫ۣвϢ
⴫һĪrֽҪ֡
ſջߣĪrһѱͻȻڿսг課гס죬ˮתŹ⣬Īr
Լ봲ԽԽƴҡͷҧĵŶΡ
ŵϣõĴһɿеĹ⣬ɢĳ䵽ǰüԹһ㿴ĪrȴڶԷһѻ
Īrס۾Цҡ
ڳ꣬ҧס⣬ĴϢ΢ţԼȴ
ֹң˵ˣĪrס誵ĴԼƫҵġ
ԭǴĹҡ
СƿſͫĻҵͣŲ̤˼ΨѹϵһηģĪrЦ£
֪ϵ
ֺ֪˼룬ЦĪrĳ¡
һ£ԼӰĪrĪr£ʲôҲ¡
л˵
˾ô֮ΣǲҪƾף


70 
˽Ũ飬⴫ֵɤι˰ʲôҪܽĻ֨
ϵĪrѻ𣬳誼ɫüЦĪrƵһвϨƺ
𣬡æЦӣĪrֺһڵĥۣҰɡ
ۣˣĪrһɫʣ˵Ҫƿ誵ϸһ£ҩ
߿誵һۣɫ޹ԾֺֺֻЦ
⳽޿̵ٲ˵ֱӽ˰ոסǸС澣˰ץĸ
ĪrԹεĳ磺ˡ
ĪrӴֱֻų課֡
֮ʱһĻ޿κοĪrԼ첲
ϵıǿάסͬĿɿڴĴţ鷳һ°ɡ
纮ҩæˣǮҪǳ׷ȥǮ
ش˵󣬴δҲһ£һʱ𾪵ˡ
ҹĪr͵ݣȴֳ誴ľüһЦ
ĪrΪڵԼǣһ˲࣬ұų˾ǡ
ĪrһЩ誵ֿЦˣ̸¡
ĪrֻԼûڳ֮ǰ鴦꣬ս˫ƵڱѣǷգﱻͣ²ˡ
ƶݡ̾һĪrĲıͺãء
һ磬ϵСЩͷæˮİռĪrԶ̲סͣ¶࿴ۣһʱִһӴףбͱɫһơ
ÿÿ̧ͷ죬ĽĿӳתĪrϣЦ÷⡣
ɲԿȥӢҡҡͷȥߡ
ˮƤɣȻˮȴأü°ĵôųˣˮγһȻĵȣָһء
ָȻ𻵵ĵȾͿЩγһƬأ㽫ʣµĵȶͬһƬ誹ָָȣһİ
毺֮˵иԸϸ棺ĿյأʱһЩֲ
꽫ͣҪʱем誽ᵹĵһˮϴȥҶϵཬ˿ɢæµȥˡ
ȥһƬգƴȵ֪ʱˮͣ£Ʋ͸һ⣬˸оߵı仯̧ͷعּӯ
΢ȴϣ۾ȥŴʱﴦڣɹﲻܹȣӦʪ⵾뱻죬˳ĹɱҲ͡
ߣСײĪrıһʱӺһƬĪrתıͷ߳ϼϲʱ³誵
ɫϼֹϣҲڰգĪrƼ䡣
ֵرи࣬調洫ܵüģü̾Ҫ֡
Īrͷ飬пһαдע⾩׼ۣؿʼԱʱ֮衣
ǳ͢أҲ׼ػҡ
ղ֪ڼβӺԺ߹֧°ͿЦɡ
ϲŷס۽ǺµĹۣÿճʱƿЦۣ䲻С̴棬вٵ֮ͽ֦
аˣҲƾܣֻԼϹ
Ȼ˼죬ǹӸͰͲסԼ˵ǲ֬ˮΣһ
һͬţϵر̸СطټһͲ˸ټ˭˼˳ɶòﴦͶĿ⡣
ŴЦҲɵľ룬ȴҲ֪ŷִ粻л
֬ˮ۵һѣ㹴ųɵĸ첲ЩСԩңû˿
֬۵ϰĻ֮δǰ٣Ҳһֻ۱һֻۡ
˭֪ϸ첲˻Ӳ֮ͬǰе˶ͬɫ΢æƿ
ĵطĹ˾ǲͬЩвһҪϸϸֻۣ֬Цһѳɵġ
΢ɫתףɶ촽һЦտֻ˵еƻᣬ֪ܷԼһŴ˴ɫ֪񲻰һΡ
ҹɫҪ¾ͱڴ󵨵Ķ࣬ޢס촽Цֻյɶߣ֮ǰүգȥׯСĸΣʱкܶࡣ
˿ѡһ֬
ɸǮʱûзֺԥЦտ˼࣬ĵ⹫ӸȻ˱˺ＱҪֱҪȣǮȴһһĴ󷽣ʮ꣬ۺֶζҪõˡ
Լĳűӽ˱ˮüͷϵ֬ζϴȥղӻ£űˣӦһӢŽ
ɳմˮԭ԰аɫȾϱ죬ǿĿɰӶЩζֻŽϳֹУԾü
ǰճ̰ͲڼҡɼӢ˵΢΢ӿһͭɣӢߵһʪĨʶζ
УɿűӽԼͷţ⣬ӢһЦۣ֬㡣
һÿȥø죬ܿͱӢԹȥ
һͻȻ̾һںͣ٣ЦþûҶڵˡ
Īr뿪꣬ĴСնò֣ǲʲôʲֻǳЦ֣ȴɢ羡ʱͻѹĵ
ͺͺʲôÿģĵˡ
˳ɱ㲻Ľÿνհ̫ǺɢȥˣĴйá
誾ƣ۱طʱ֮ǻƳϣһڽϿ˺ãã˼˼磬ȴ֪ûʲô
һͲӵӣȥˣǲԼĶӶ֪͵дλᣬ»ججһӡ
Ҷ˳˦ŢĹȥΪͷҲٿʹŻԼ
öһˡ
ֻӢͬһҵӣĿ֮¾Ĭһ·ͬΡ
һָòͷǲͷһбƤ±ϲĵأĲ۲ãƫƫ˫ֽ˱УЩһ취ûС
ҪӢԿ϶ʣͷģһ֧ǰһ֧ǰһ֧ƽиƿһ֧ġ
һŪ˫ۣΧΧ۵Ⱥ̾
ɴӢһȺΧŵȺеҡҡͷֻһбƤ±뿪ȺɢȥŶ벻Ҫ
㣬ţϣܡ
Ӣͣ룬ų̽һ㣿ƣ㡣
Ӣᰲοˣų۵įԼҲһ˿⡣
ϲģӮͻЦһЦɡ


71 
ﻹšӢù鲼ͷָµĳ˳ڶУָ͵һ㣬ٿؾûƻսĹѵãůһƽ
δЦݵߣüʲôģ߱ˣ֪Ĵ֣㡭
ͣƬ̣ɻڣίȥѯܴȥ
⻰ͻȻɾͷһʱ֪˵Щʲôػֻ򴽰סоԼԽԾ
ﲻԾʼץסת˲ŵĸܡ
͵͵̽ͷż֮źµŮӣһһһַζüɰһ÷⡣
ױŮ͵͵ҲգֻһЦ󷽣޵ͬʢʱĵеδСǰֻʣһƬµĻ
ʱ׼۵ãպήһЩʱ۸ѡױָϵļĿͬ顣
ǰǣֻһϲ֦ķΣ˳·̻˴̽׼չʳࡣ
֪ǳڰݳ⣬뼸й̸׼ۣһ顣
ӦӦȲˡҡͷм۸ãֽȥЩ׻鿴
˳ǰʳǷգҪЩȷʳ˹ȥ
Դӳ뾩һֱ㷲ǵĻ̫һö˲֪ף˵׼ʱը
̰һ峤ΪɼݳȥŵĳֻЦ̰ͻ֮һݴ͡
˲ǾбļƻĪrӢ͵Žۡ˸׳죬깶ˣ̰ʹµ˼
鷿ȡĻƲÿÿ˿ںأԱԴ˰˰誷ҳóֽһͬ˶ԡ
ԭԼ֮ǰͬαɳƲ˹ȥﲻаǰţŵȴü䵭Ӣ࣬üйѹ
ﲻҹˣȴķһ⣬ǳЦɹӿɺЩˣˣ
һȴӢ˸߽꣬߱ǽǶɵӰӢͷ۵¸˯š
Բȥţֻǹ;ԽԽԾ
ԵӢڳɷڣ
ڷ˰յĳЦЦӢ̺ƭҲģһ㲻˻ɡ
ֽϼ¼ңɴߺĬỊ̆ٺܿ죬誵ͬ
˶ĺʵӲֻֽ̣ʻʱȴø׼Ѳ˸̣
Ǻú誷±ʣɵЩѣϾʱδִ֣һдʽӱڷ
誻ϸִд¼ĸʽϸ˽νÿݶм㣬вƽͲȼɡ
һоɽͼӢĪrҲ͵͵֧˸͵ʦΣ±ʱдַ⣬֮ٶҲ죬ֻǸϰ̡
˰Ѱɣ·ĳˣüͷһ壬·ŢֱҪЦˣ·޵Ȼȥε亱
İͷѣϱУ඼ĵĴŴϧɮ˲ģΣʱ̻ȺǮ
̰һ֮ѡ
̽£ͷ󣬼ɽˮȫĪrϵͼ¼㣬ׯϣȴؽǧסַѳ鱦Ŷ
˽̽ģ޵һģɼɵɺ쳾̰
𹩸ˣֻ°֪ζŭĺɳ̾һΪһİ
Ѽڴݴʷݱ㣬սᵽ調Цʱ˼˳ЩߣҲ쵽ˡ
ղף㱸һˮϯЪϢЪϢؼһһ
Ŵ뼸ŵĴӣͷֵС鶼ֱˮƽһζŲţһֱ·߲ˡ
ǳ˴ӱʳæˣʱնü±Ǯá
̿ˮŲԶͬΨһϴףʯһ￴ĳ誣ﲻס쳤
طĹñ޾µö࣬պʹ¶𪣬Ƕӵγİܲ
ˮ۶֪֭ŴǴˬ
óͻȻһӰȥһʱץŲһһλÿ˭֪ǸӰҲ۾һƶ
調ŵǰ˫ֳеĹĵˣסЦʷˣкμ
˳Īr誵ĿԱ۹۱ǱǹŻ׺ӵףʯ֣ҧų誵ĶҪһγ¶ǮӢģһˮ󡣡
һ˼
ףʯ֣Σأ飬¡
Ĭ徲ֻԼȫޡ
ЩԼȥ誵ͷЦĪrֱźŶ֮ˡ
ɽΧĻ븱ֻ̽дͨ˲аֱӷŻɽñǿΧˡ
鿴òֵȻϣĪrֹһ飬ͶһСɮ޲ý죬˵зһ߽ܸ˵˵ֿ
䶼룬Īr䵭̧üȥСɮ̲Ҷ໰ֻͷҪ˱ǣžصɮˣǹ֮»Ȩ֮ҵ߹
ϪӣͷǷʡͷԣСɮ֮ǰİͽԺǰЩӰһβɫ㣬ǴҪָ飬Сɮסˡ
˵ţÿסҹ˵ǷڼȻլа
Խ˵ԽĪrܾ˽㣬˺ľֻ³ȥᴩöǡ
Ϫò㣬Щζйصļ䲻ãʱЦԼº㣬ģҲÿ
ͬףʯֿ࣬誾ƣͣҲܳʱδ²Ҫ³
ʲôԶҳĪrֻ˶ɱο㡣
ʥѵҪ棬ﻳؼǳ誽̸ĵ
ǱӰԺ󣬰ֶڲԶų誣ԼͣԼСߴȥӱҲ
õĻҡ
͵ֺȻһգɻ̧ͷֻǸոǸ
ģ뵽ǰЩӹһֱ߶ɣʱĪrѾˣֻʣһʮְǡ
誻ظʱɫٻսűһ㣬ȻĪrĵĵӣ誴ʱЩ
̫࣬ţҲԸ鷳Сٿ𣬱ԼطЩЪϢĪrڷСԵԼ
ǣϡؿĪrױһҿϵİѸǣӨƯɫͻм䣬˵Ũζֱ˱ꡣ
СװڷźãĪrͰ͵ںӱߵģյϵ㣬ۡ
ۣĪr֪調ζˣҪôΪҪôһͶմֻǿζҲζͷŨģһ
£ְʣµĹǼͷŵﳴˮͷɫĪrЩɫ
̳󣬲Žϸų¹ʱ䲻̰̣ۻŴһ㡣
ڵζһŨ㻹Լζ誷¸ЦͻݣҪץȢˡ
ģǿЩȢҰɣĵȲˣĪrһѱס̲סʱҲ棬ʵ˵
ɫʱҺãǲǾҸ㵱һӳӡ
ǣҡҡͷüҪҪһ¡
²Īr˳ų誵Ĵһζҡ
ģ㣬誴յߵҼɫ⡣
˭˭ļɫ⡣ĪrЦ§
ջûȴֻһ˳誡
Ǿںӱ߶һҲû㣬ǮӺҲӱߵİġ
Ҫ
ģҲġ
л˵
֡ݺ⼸


72 
ڲǾ˺üգɹĪrһӽʿƫˡ
ºɽժҰˣԻΪıҪζʱʱ븱Զ켸Īr
ŶԷͬڶѹҵͷģĳԶļͷʾ
ڰɽɽҰһֻ޾˵ĺڳ𰣬һʱҪľﻹǷ˲˼ǾһǾʮ
˴һ𣬻ЩģŪһЩϤҲֻᵱһȺˡ
ͤͤǧ£ˣٷ¶ƾƣһ
ӳɳһһֱӽͷβƫƧĵطѵôճյȻЩ˵֮Уȥįֻϲá
ƱյȵĻʪǺͺ룬С͵͵ָһմζֱͷ޼Ŀζ³ȥæϯץѻȥࡣ
ĹС̸Ůǽѵ͵У֮٩أһЩҳ̺Цһ󻶳ĺЦ
ףҾһ誽һƵݸףʯ֣ЦһֻشЩӸѧࡣ
Ļףʯֱ˶ҽˣϴһʥֵȴһżȻ·
ʮ꣬䲻ټǸķߵĻɣưܵƫƧһҩСݡ
˼棬෽ӱϷĸ׵ʵǺηףʯֺǺһЦӹƣΪٴ˲ڸӣҲʵϡ
ʮֵҽȻ꣬ЦĪrŽиһЩ㲻誾Ʊ£ֻĬĬˡ
һƣʱͶһӡ
ͷͶĿ̧̣üĪrЦһ£µĹյϵ°ҲˣĪr۷·ϲкЦ
ľһûǣ͵ķ£ӯӯһЦ
ɫɶȤȱȱֻһһ±ǵؾϲЦտǺ춹ɫ糣Ӣ˺һŷ֣ÿγüȥʱ¶϶ʡ
õһʣü͵͵̾յģӢЦŴӳùҧһ±ã̧ͷӢ˳֮ǰȱҧȥϲ͸ң㿴㡣
ǵĻȴ˴ɵĶӣԲ˶ˣϲĿζɡ
ϯ֮ϵĵ߲Ӣûɲͷ͸
Сһɫ糣ӢҧЩֹúңҲӢٰ±ֻõͷĬĬĲˡ
żⴥһԺĪr̸ɽεӢüƿߡ
ɲɵӡ
֪ôˡ
ڵĻɬӰ£һĨɬָָŵͼĿ棬ģ󣬳λ֮
ο˽ӣǳĪrһãҲֻѱ˴˵ˣôȥԽһߣдҲɢ
ֻļ¶ƽѵõĶһԵᡣ
δͨ͸ʱδãֻͨﶼӢϸ˶±ͶһģЩϸ֦ĩػζӢֻѰ
һйһ㣬°ͲԾ̾üãӢĿþˣĪrȻܲĲɣ㲻ǿͼպá
ĪrһܵͲǾƴƵĳ¾ͰѳԶſˣٱ˭źַʼʫ̤ڳϲСĲ˳Զ°ڡ
Īr޿̽ãͼƷųԶ°Сֹͷôô˰
ϯƻɢ誱ĪrϪɢǧʯϺ֦Ӱֻβ㡣
˵ִӼ䣬Īr°Ϳڳ誾ѣСҽռǺ£Ҳżѡ
ƳһۣЦ˵Ǻѣǡ
ƵȶĪrϣ¡
˵ءĪrۣ˫ֽ誵۽
˵˽ΪޣݹأҪʯ棬˲ܱϵԵϡ
ɶ鷲˷ģⷬⱻʯϣ¾ٵã⽫֮ķ˶¡
һΨһһ˽ȫڳϡ
Īr˵³誺ԼҪԭһң·նϡ
룬أ۾ʣɫĪrҲ֪誴ʱѻǲѣ˵ͷ
΢ָ⸧Īr˫۵ܽܽ
ǱݣأԸ
ɽ˺ģҶӦΥʹ಻ա
Īrã˫ʱˡ
˫۾Լ
л˵
һϦķǵޣ


73 ŴϦ⣨ʮҹ
񾩵ҹҰеǸ߸߹ĵ򣬺οϦѽǵƻʱϣУеŮŮ
鷿֧ŵСԿ˲rŻĺ֪òţڴ¾ã誾֧°͵ͷá
˻ȣƺǶˣЦ˳ʲôĢ𣿡
֪Լͱֵĳr΢죬ŤվСæ֪òôš
ţЦŴrͷģҲİĹҪԼųȥһƻᣬԼȥˣҲ֪ҡ
ræҡҡͷų誵ͷС͹ǣжˡ
ɫߺ죬Ķʵò֣ɻ˵㻹ǽǸ˳ͷ߸ᣬ誽ӹüʲô
߸ĺͷϦϾͻ念r۾ŵһգһգ°Ѿʱ̬þ£ɫ鷢䵽ǰɬһܵõᡣ
ͷϸ󣬳ĵǷɫԽʤѩr¶һЦ⣬ڳɵ⵽ɰ
ָһrͷͷЦǲǱڼƵûţҴȥ档
ҡͷǰ仰ĳr䣬ͷС״ЦŽϴڵ𣬱źͳrһͬš
оҹķЩʪrָ֪һ¿˳ִһɡһ㣬ͲܵˡɡִҴһۡ
Ϧĵƻֵö࣬һ·ͣͣƽδֵĳrۻҡ
һ˿һľͷЩӣζrʶ˹ȥ
ƻȴЩ࣬һգͳ֮͸ˣrŷ˲ˡ
ͷȥңȴһߵĹﵲס˹ˣѲ֪ȥˡ
ͥڣֲô˶ֻ֣üõҡ
ͻȻ䣬һֻȵһסĪrһȱ㵹˻
ǺЦͷ
㵹Һҡ
Ҵr̾˿
ҷŻΪҲˡ
rº䣬ץ˳誵֡
֪ˣЦŵһĶͷ˭ղ˦ҵģ
Сץˡ
šr
߰գǺ«ôҴȥ
á
ǣ߹Ⱥһ̳rҪΪֻʣˡ
Ƭ̻𣬵ʱһɢˣЩܼΨˣʵʵڵģˡ
ʲôҪǺ«ô
һǺ«ǩԲһͷ˴rա
rŻعǺ«ϸϸϺһ
ҧһڣһҧ£ɿڵɽ髣ζδ΢ۡ
"ó"調
rͷʣµĵݸ誣ȻΪõ誡
ЦýӹǺ«ְһr
ζǳΣΪ㳢ʵġ
rһذ˳ֻϸϸǺ«
誼ɣЦۣһֻͷ
ˡ
r۾ų誡
£
£rͷȥֻ뻽ˡ
ƻͻȻƮ¼꣬rϽϵϣųһ·ܻ˳ڼ誼˵ŽСĳrȥ
rʪֻմʪЬס
еϵƣ޲ϸrɣվ̲סЦ
һãĳrͷ課۽Цᣬ۾˴ⶺ㿿úܽ
ȵϢھѣǺպͲǻҲ£調˾ңrҵ誷֡
첲Ӻ§ס°ͿЦһɵģæɰ
ɡҲǵˡ


74 
ҹȻ룬̵Ļưȥգ۾ȴˡ
΢âСߣԽܸܵǵ
٣ɶЩвԸ⵽ų誸ı䣬ȴվ޷ĸԸףʯһ£ڴ˵ȥΪһ
ຮɵ꣬ٽͷѪĵطԸϡ
һͨˣʥǰ˽ǸٻԵ
ˣԸһӢȣΪμ穡
ʲôò˵ˡӢ󣬼ʱʱͣ½ŲüԳһЦ
ûʲô˼ʷҲ¸лҸ
⻰׾ӣӢδ̸Ҹ²ʲôТļѻͻȻͻأӲ
ʶסֻݵ֣ɲĶ̫ԵĶ㿪ˡ
ڿеͣٺһӢһɹ΢⣬װûע⵽ɵĶɫ糣ȴǿӲǣסɵ֣ȥɣҹų̰ͻ֮ǰ˱֤ռã㶨ۻˡ
Ȼ̴ΪͻȻ裬Ӣ벻
Լָůȴ޿κֻ̾ԼܿЩӢ롣
Ҫһʱ佫鵭պӢϲʱۣʵǱ
̣ɲɬƲסļӿ۵ףƵ˫۸оһ̣ƿӢưƮƮЦҶ߻˼УЦж᲻ᵯ
ܾ΢ȴӢ֪Լʲô㲻ԭأų˵ݣҡҡͷЦת뿪
ֻתۿ̫ǳһˮסɫӳ۵ˮɫ̧ʱ۽޶ѱմʪ
ԽԽưܵǽں©Ĵúڶ۾ɵľƾٰԡ
·ʼȣ󲻵òСǽߣĿĲ֪˶ãʱѾīڲָڳķ˵ϻͺڶϡ
ͽȻһæҵĽŲѹֵĿڿմ
ɻ񷢾ΧֲָǽŲײſԼķܿȴֲ֪ȥ㡣
㲻ɱײ˵
ʶ˷סȴǻ¶ѹĽСǸڳʮ
һɿˣ̻̿
˭֪Ͻס쾪ֵزţ󣺡㲻Ҫ˵㡭ҪҪץȥ
ϸɽӵľͷ⣬ҹѲߵۡ
ǹƽˣɫ԰§Լõ·ǰܣڻ谵ģʺָӡˮ
ʶ鲻Գ˲ѹһ²࣬Źķȥ
Ͼӣܿ׷˶˼Ĺ
Ϊ׷ۣһʶźڣ˭Ҷõľ˹ȥȴ˴Ӱ·סá
̣ɼͻȻֵ˫Ŀ΢Ӣҡҡͷֻһסɵһץסĸ첲뱳ڱϷ뿪
΢ķ紵óɫ죬ӢʶŤһ£ӢͷյߵҶ
˵óɶߣӢôܷһڵϹ𴦣Ǹžһ·
ӢϵĹﲻ֪ԼҪȥδֻҧסԼĴй¶һĽղȥź̫үҲܲ˳
ҪҪٻص뵽Ĳ״һƬͷԨ
Ƿ绹͸ס˸˼յӾƣûŹѣǰһ˹ȥ
Ҷ˹ȥȻһ
Լò̫ظӢϸܿĿԼķ䡣
ֻӣỹڲǾز׷ǴƷĹٸۣɲ⸮Ůֻһڴϡ
Ӣˮɽ͸һŸɾ޲šɣøɾ˯ա
ϸüĿ棬һҲԼʱȻ裬ӢͷĬ¿ųɣû̲סڣ̴
ϴ޲ͣ£һȴôˣ
˵Ļ·ڴߣɷҲйڣӢ촽ѵҡͷֻһż̧ųɿֱóͷ顣
ӿٶȽöˮȥӢһۣͷҹ
ûʲôɸϽӦӢ˵ʲôεĻҪסʶӦĪЩ󣬻󷴵˼ƿۡ
ŵ𴽽ǣȴŵɻ͵ܲһҡ
ǣйŮҲȷʵˣӲɶԷˣ˼ɱӢƭһ⣬ԥ㡭
ԭ˵ȥպһҹ־һʼܿԷĳı롣
ӢᣬסȾЦ⣬Ͳˣ
һתӢɫҲ㲻ǹйŮˡ
ֻӱܿĳӢĻмֵκӽһŲϸ˼ȥֱ˻˵𣬽ˮ˳ȥִԼЩ˵ҩ
Ϻָӡҩ࣬׼պãȴӢǱߴƺߣȥŷӢұ۵ѾȫȻȾ죬ɫһˣ
û£·ϿˡΪ㿪ִˣӢֻڴӣ˭ڴв䵽ֱۡ
Ӣҡͷס첲ֱ𣬳ԽȾ𣬼ȳƯֱ֮һѪóһۡ
ϧش˴Ҳٲ۲ֻۣ۾øɾ־Ѫ۲
ӢЦõؿɴҩٳһ磬СͿĨЩɲ˿ϡ
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һʼûȥֻжܲԺŻŲӣ˲ڵµĳһȥͬƵͷԵеʳ
Եζң˵˴һڿȵķˡ
Ҫޣ˭˵ҹûл
밢÷һԽãոȥסǷ㹻ǽЩϵļѧأ͸̫үá
вѾˣԺת͸ү
ÿֻ֮һ̫үǣȦңǲҹ̫ظһҹͻᱻ̧ȴһҡ
ж˼ʧ簢÷Ūʬⱻʾһ̧һա
ĿģѾ϶ãǰ˵ؿ
˵˱ۣڰοԼظһ顣
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75 
󴦴س誽ŮӵַŻرиǺãĪrȥһˮ
ΪδʳθѾô֮ȥֻ˶θðղܺá
Բѣǿнȥ⣬誱ˮһӡ
ʵΣ課֮ʱιʳˮ
ڸŵ˫ףϸͷ΢ƣ۾۽Ĥһ԰֮ɫƶѪӪ֮ס
֮⣬Ǵ¶ļѾȫȻϵ˺ۣ̾һеŭ
̫ظûҡӢϸһ̫ظδҵʲô
Īrȵˮᴵ˼£Īrϵ˷
̽Եøʪ԰׵ĴⳢ⣬ԵǿҵӦʶȡǷָƽ
ʵĶСιһСˮһˮȥһɲƿŽæһ裬ͷ󺹵̽ˣδ˵ʲôŮ߶˵һ¡
ȵǺڣڴ˼ż֮ǰӰӾǧвӿбݡ
£ʶüŴ֮ϻԲѵɫӱ䡣
ӻ˯м尾ѣֻۣǰĹ۵¡
һʱǰ󱳣ֱ֮ϵȴȻǰò٣ʹȥࡣ
ãؿĪЩϤĲɫͻ䣬־嵽Уöĳɼʱ뷨ּۿ콫ס
ĿⴥСǸҹԼӣۺͷʾԼټУɲŽɿ
£԰ɫӴӲͨһӢ£ߵͣӢü𣺡δѪ飬ˡ
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ĪrմӢе֪̰͵Ĺ׼սһ۵ŭɫѲأѯʵŽգ
ǹ˵ʲôʵ
֣ĪrٵǰΪɽнȥһʼֻͨɨ˲ͬеŮӲӰס̫ظ»·ΪɴȥŮһһرȥԹΪͳȥʵȴֹ˸䱻ص°ҡ
֮һȻ֪ȺŮӵΣţĪrȭʱòŮӱ㡭ȥϰЩ¼͸̰òѾת͸ɽˡ
СĪrŽ̰ʹж˿ĳ嶯ƽϲͯĹԱŵȴǳ󡣡
Ȩɫףɽᣬ̰ͶԴֺ·ϼԱ˭ԹǾ̶Ůӣ⵴С
ЩŮӱǻڶްҲֻû
ʵϲģŸС̰и㣬ȻһֻĳؼңںδպΣ˱ߵû֪
֤֤ڣĪrüվͿɽ¡
ڲУҡҡͷ򴽽ǷŽĪr㿴
ī͸ż㣬ĪrֻһϢ֮нЮܵʪĽۼ۳צˣºͷ
ų̰ӣץĪrɽǣ㣬ٷ˹ض˴л֪˼ȴ̫ͬΣգݱʱ˵
誼ᶨҡҡͷǴݵıˣͲ֪
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ΣĪrס֣ŵΣյֻܽҡ۳ʲôƴȫֻѡ
Īr֪Լ뷨課ıϣֻһγҲסЦҸһ顣
˵Īr˳صͷչ
ЦüϷɣҴˡ
ĪrµĽȶܺã˵Ե֮ǰʱ̫ˣһٵ㣬ǰɼƺҲǴֿɵá
Ҫˣϵͳɫ򿪣誷ĵߣʴȶذף񶾵ҩ㼡裬ѽͳͳ10㡣
ʴȵذʲôĬĬʣһǰĪrĶͷ
ۣͯһͱ˵ذףͱԽݵڶ쾫Խãϵͳزһµ꿪ʱõֽ֣ŵ񶾵ҩԺΧΪĳ֮ⲢûʲôãЧһ¡
㼡
˱죬Ҳˡ誼ʱϣϵͳȴܲ˼ĲҪҾҪɡ
һʱɾŮҩ裬ǲıԱݴѵѡô
ˡĬĬȷϡ
ʷͻȻ˵Ҫȥǽգֻ̰ͷǣȥ鿴СԶԶھзİ׷ͻȥʵ㱨
Ӣͳɽһֱų̰ʶ˵Ǵʷ׼ϱ
ŵò亹Լļ·ȥ˵˼Σֺȴβջ̻֮°ȥŮӵȤҲޣֻÿӢͳЦӭ
һ·ɽСϣһλĸ˴űɴ׵üһڷ󣬶ಽֻǶ糾ͣǴķޡ
˿ڣƽŮӽһɳƵԸУȴ˳һ˫ˮ٣ƺΪյİƣü߲ˣҸضЪЪš
ϵıһͣ㣬ֻսˣȴ񲻸һһ϶͸ˣȥǰЪЪ
調ĪrͷһЦҺ裬Ҳ§ҵĴᣬŴĪϽӢۻ뽿ᣬ֮ʱҼ
üŻӴ߳Īrֱ۽ס誵§ˣͲ𣿡
ߣҪŷߣЦӯӯͷĪrĲҲ룬Сrһ
ôŽĪrԾһºᣬ˸֪ʵ⡣
誵üЦһƳۿĪrӦҪݹԺ󣬾ܳƵɡ
˵ǲǣ


76 
ǮӴֵǶԺèݺݶ·Ǹ˴ԼĴˡ
һ׵ĳȹȾ˻ңһһˣ׵üʱ磬ȾȹֻԵ䷲ӣģǮ۾ֱˡ
´һ㱡ɴ˫¶ߵ۾٣崿дһġ
̱ðȻǱӽŵһϸ֪ǡһʲôζ
˴ͷβ˸飬ǮӵȵǶΧȦһ֣խС·Ӱ˷ӿ뼸ʮ˽ΧסǮЦŶ¶󱧽첲ˣСܳȥ˷ֿ
ʲô˷ŭػ֮ǰɫصżаЦСආ
õµȭºܿȥٲһӢ۾ǮӴֺٺһЦյ˫۱ѹڱˣסһѽصɴ¡
ź쳾Цü·Ե
ɽϵĹͷʦ˵һΪһȺϴҼ֪Լ˽٣䷳ظǮ˵һһ顣
ʱǮֻҶȴͻȻˣžĵҲ
˿һЦɳɷƨ
ˮ۾־߳⣬ˣץ˺ݺһֱۣǰ۵ƤʱһƬ
ҧ̧һηĿǮһһ߿뽫§ȴʵڸȻЩ
ȹ˫ȶ޳飬ǿϲϣǷǣδסֵӶ±ͬǡ
ǮǿӲɽͷߣ˿ӯȴᣬĿ˵еĻᣬֻҧ
ѺĪrں棬Īrŵİ飬ֺýǮӣʣµҲ˽̣ҪϽ󵱼ҵġ
Ȼ
ֻǼǮӶֵؿͣ˶Ľ˼Ŵ󵱼Ūָܷһ
ۺһۣģÿͰĪr
ǿ
ǰҪа뷨ĪrݺݴϳȥֱǮӵıӰ޲ھһ˵ͷ
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˱ɽɽ·᫲˵ε壬Ǯ˽Īr۾סȴǰס۾¡
ų誵գ̾۵ҲȲկ˾Ҫø󵱼ңǮ࿴˫ת۾᲻ý˫ϡ
޸֪֮·Σǰ벽Ӳȥ
ĪrѺȥ񷿣誵ͷǮӣֱçĳȣ°ͣϧԹԣǴ󵱼ǰϧˣֱ죬ǲ
ǲЦǿɾҪ˲ˡ
߽Ǽӣ誵ͷֻܿﾹȻŽ
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֪µǮ⿴ص¬˸ֺô󵱼Խɽ˭ײֲ˷ȴôˬС
󵱼ңСĸմɽ»˸˻ТǮĹ֣ͷĳǰƣ޹ǣôһƾȻĵԽɽ¡
ԽɽšüһЦǴͷ˵°ͣɫޡ
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⣬סڰڣ㣬ŹҺͷǰǮ㣬ܷܲǣ
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˺µطԽɽŻ˵Ŀ־壬ĳ誵ĺɫº͵Ůˡ
ҪôΪҵģҪôüĿͶΧļӣаһЦΪҵֵǵġ
ӳ誽ʱɾͶˣ󵱼ҵĻ̻Цһ¡
֣Ц⣬ϵ־ӣװŵʶԽɽ꣬ǳˮ΢۽ǣԽɽģĬá
֪ںݺŭϵͳŪģֱӸʲô˼
ֻһأֲԵ㣬벻ҪôߡϵͳζΪ誾ʵı¼񣬲ƽһ塣
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ѾзˡҡҡͷСίεɫ͸ˮ⣬ԽɽģҲͽȻӲĳֻǽվССһΪȰ˫Խɽı۰
ķɾȲ㡣Խɽ誾Ҫߣһֱüÿڵ硭
պ̸ԽɽͷҲص˳ȥ
ڵվùһزվܺȴ󵱼ϲˡ
̫ŮӶЩͨɫǴǡ
˿ȴȻڷֻ֮һöصزǳԴҡ
ԽɽǲŮɫֻãŮֻй֮ãδ˭޿䣬ܽ˱ڻ
Ůɫ¡ĿȻһ׼µǮӣݺݺһ
Ů˸ҽҴ£ζҪɱˡ
Ҫȥģ誾źԽɽľ룬ȴһڻⷽһ
㲻𣿡ԽɽЦһһ߿񷿵Ĵţҳڳ調ǱˣȻ֪Ϸ̺ۡ
ţ밲οĪrҪ嶯ɱסֽŵĪŗͷųڱ˻л¶ʹ֮ɫӿĺ䵽Ϻʱﵽ˶塣
ֻǲܣܶԲܵЩ࣬Īrҧѹºޣɳƿڣû¡
ĪrĳҲѹƿۣҪϵͳٸκδֻһξʪ۽ǡ
һ⣬ԽɽӸ¿Ǳ誳Ϊӣ𣿡
ҷסĪr۾û˵Խɽݺ˵СһŻϵĪrߣֱµ壬͵طʹƺߡ
絶ץԽɽ½Ҫٴ㣬Ҫʲôԡ
ƷӦʲôԽɽĲֺõشսԽɽͣ¶ȴû֮۵׽˱
ˣҪն˫ȸĪr
ɫ֮Ӱϡ裬Ҷ֪ɽ˸ˣȴѪ󵱼ҵ
󵱼ҶŮ˿ɲᣬ˭Ϊ̾һ
ȴ֪Խɽڷ򵥹ϼ誷ڴϣҪȾİȹ
ȴĸ첲סϱǿйƵ˳ͷϵסӣҧᶨңҾ
ԽɽɫЦһķѹ³ŪΪƤӵʲô
ס誵Ĳвս¶õüۣ˳۽ǻ£ڸԸ
ŭһı˽𣬱ҲȥԽɽָĨϵۣĬúЦƺĲ
һѴӴԽɽų誵˹ѺĪrĲ񷿣ֱؽ˽ȥ໥˵ˣԽɽûһֻ꣬䳰ȷٳּܼʱ
Σ誵ͷ͵Цϵͳ
츳׿ϵͳ޵
űϺĨĪrʪ۽ǣ̲סıǼЦޣû¡
ҪĪrһһ죬Ҫɱ
İĥƽյʹ࣬誽§סĪrĲ
Īrֽ⿪ֱϵס誵ĺײȡҪð˵嵭ɬ
л˵
:ѡȡʽ
Īr:ѡˣֱӰε


77 
ڱƵĲ񷿴˼գ誰иĪrιʳϾܾϵͳҪӳйļ¼ƬֻĬĬڰ˻֡
Īrȵҹͻݶƿȥ̽ΣŴҹǮӶ޲ᵶָˡ
⼸ռԽɽӣֻҪ誵ͷ̾ͳȥԽɽж˿顣
ֻǳעܵͷֻܳǰȥѲһȴڹԱҲûҵҪó̰߳
ղŲű򿪣۲Ƭ̾ͱ̵̧ڵƿƤ߲ĸආԽɽˡ
ų誣֣
ҡҡͷԽɽͷӵԹ߰ҩα֮ǰСһȦԽɽôҲûӡ
۵ĪrڹźۣĬĬżƻеڣֱǽǻɽկĵͼ
۸ӣѹֻܹҪһɽϣܲˡ
Խɽץȥڵĳ誺ϵͳؼʱûʧĴ㣬Խɽϵͳ֤İɣû¡
Ҳû¡ƽڣҹӲϵԽɽ뿴ʲôһɾ·סͷ
ЩȻǷҪˡԽɽغ˳ȥֶֻвһ䡣
ôࣿһԡͰˮʣȷĹغŲ·
մ˻ң첲һƬһԡͰˮ΢΢ɫ誺ķӦʲô΢ǡȣСrôá
ϵͳ¡˭Ҳ˭
ŮӵȹϵԡͰɺãõԽɽȵòͷƿһ㷿ײͷ
¶һС󱳹֬ʪĳɢڳ䦳ɰɫ
ͷϵ¿۵˺ûע⵽ָֻЩ׾ŬϵãܿĲʱմˮĳŨڡ
ĹϣԽɽͷЩɹ
ɽϵȻʼߵĴ
ڳ誷½壬һå
ϵȣԽɽ۾ֱúһ䣺磬ô⣿
ⷿӿãԽɽ֮ǰסĵطǺͼ̫عϺǮԽɽһɽϸݣķˡ
ûʲôԽɽشõ⣬üͷǸŮˣԽɽδ񶨣Ц϶Ǹ
磬з֮ȲǷΪ֮㣬ÿĵһֱԼǸˣֻ»Ǹǡ
˵ҲԣԽɽü˼һЦһռҪҸ뷨Ǹġ
˵ޱͬ˵ֻܻһҪôѡ
ɫְһֱڷڣԽɽҲţĪЩ
ŷתȦⷿӾһĸ¥˳ľ̨ϣ¥ڿռխҳܲ
û𣬳ƿһûʵĴſڱǽ¹ڷ̽顣
ʮָĦţ誴ӻһŷƵֽɫ·ҳдЩּ֣ʲݵúܣ˺ܾöûֱдʲôֻȷŵһԡ
¥µĲҹԽɽڷ񶼽Ϊأûʲôڣ¹·οԽɽ֮ǰķ䡣
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ӦѾѲ¥·ڣ課ʼŲͻĳڡ
ڰµӰӽ￪ʼѰ調ɫ֮£һѺذס
ŵңǿŲʱСײ˵ͰĴء
ӰذվҪ򴰱߱ȥӰٶȿö࣬һץס䡣
鼱֮³誽£ӰȴŤסĸ첲ﳶ
Ӵ¥´ĳһƣתһײ˻˳źӰĶһںݺҧס˵ֱۡ
˳ƺһɿյ誱Ҫкȴ׷һס졣
ӰһֻסĲսϢĸоķοʼըѡ
ǽҪʱ̳課ῪbuffȴʱעɽֻܿһΣۣſ̨һֻƿƴߵС
ǻƿбȥһ죬¥µ̧ͷӰһи֣ץѿϴӴ̨һԾ¡
һӰ׹£ԽɽͻһԾ˽ס
Ӵ̨µɫ԰ףԽɽֱ亹乣ѵѡµİɫȹֻʣ£ϻ˺ѿǱѡ
˭棿Խɽʡ
˶Ҷ
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У˴誺ۣ΢ͷòϵĺӡչ¶Խɽǰסҵ·ҪҪҡ
ҹɽկĻȴƻͨ誱λϲԽɽÿĳʺӡǡ
ָӡɼҪĶǿңԽɽﲻ˼¡
һԼΧ˱˵֣˭Ӷˣû
һָӡԽɽ΢ƳҴˡ
կܽŵĶһҵΪͷŹǷԽɽûֱ뿪
ų調˿ԽɽüһۺϽߡ
ǵĺĵԽɽձó棬Լק˵Ҫɱ˵Եֻţżڳϡ
Խɽվÿ߻µĲϣתͷѯʳ誣𣿡
ҡҡͷŻһһһľսؽռ飬˼λ˶ŵһ飬誶ҡͷ
ֻг֮ǵͻѪĵ˵ͷһ£ԼԴҡ
Խɽջص߰ɣλҺ;ʦ¡֪Ⱥ˲ָ֣ӡȱһ飬ϴָλá
ɴϴִ⣬ָư֮ãԭ佫ңݺͶ·ɽһֺüʶָ
Խɽϵİָ뽫ɼӵϣֿⰮӹŵľʦһöȡµİָ
ǾʦˣçΪŶЩĺӣܶԳ誶֡
ԽɽָϣΣϣֵܲҪһŮìܡ
֮£ֻ˭ӣ²ΪһŮ˺Ͷ꣬׷ֵóء
ȷʵƯɫܳŹµֵȴѵá
л˵
ǳһ䣬ǸֱУȡŮ


78 
誵ü˳۲˵Խɽ°ͽ̧¶ǰ
ɫ٣ڿܣͷԽɽ֣︡˽ĪrѺ誵䵽ҲƲɵһ
ԽɽذУֽŶסߣų誵Ҹһʱ䡣
ԵආһŸյȼ¯Ļȼúܿ죬գ۾ȥһء
価ʱֻһɻԽɽŻƤĿϣ֧°ĿĬȻ䵭
Ҹһö֮ǰҲ⿪Ļֹ佫Īrϵϡ
Խɽһ£ü
û°ɡĪr͵֣ϼϲ۵һԲֻ΢΢ͷ
ΪԷлҪ˵ͷĪrȴһڵذףڳ調ĵطݺݴ¡
Խɽ˻۵õᣬ̲סŭһһŽĪr߿
ڵذ׵䵽ϣԽɽӺԽ誱ڻס誵֣ɿ콫ǰذײĪr࣬ɲѪҺӿһأڵʹ෭˼Ȧ˱һˡ
̼ĿѣƿԽɽĪrֽذ״Īrؿڰ˳
˿Ѫøˣ԰֪ԭأ󼱵ʧһʮָ˿ڰסа׵ָմȾѪһһµ
Խɽӵָ䵽ϵذ׿ųû
ӱ޷ع˳ճԽɽӵɱ㡣
Ҹɱܻ˵ȴҸذײ
һҲϺһƬܱܽѵ˵˦ԽɽĽǣǣᣡ
ˮڷۿﲻӿ誹ִҡͷƿԽɽȴ޹ֻĪrᡣ
˶ãԽɽڻ˶ãֱ߷ǰףȻ޵۾ˡ
һҹȥٿޣֻǿڵϵذԽɽĻӲתӣѯԽɽɱң
һҹԽɽͷ˼̼һ˼Ϣ˹ȥ
ޱԽɽ֮ȥһʬδڵȥιǡ
ˣõһƬģĽЦȴʡ
˵ǳԹŮƫƫ˳µյ
ԽɽŻüδɣϹԹԵģҶԿࡣ
˱ڣԽɽ֪Ϊβ£ֻڴ߿˼۾˳
˵ƽϽҹ£Ҫ֪˭˼
Ÿձϳ誾ۣڴ˼µʹʵţԽɽ죬Һϵͳʱ׼ͨذ׵ʴȵذס
ʱøǽжԽɽõĶԻʱĪrѰʱٰ֪㲻ģʱָĪrһʱʹҩŰ
ֻٵ浶ǹŰ˵ѪǲҪ赽ʲôֱӽԽɽǧС
ʴȵذղŻЧ課ϵͳæ鿴Īr
ͬһһƬĵǱɫĻұۣʲôĪr޷ʱ
ֱ͵۾𴲡
ڵˮϴƿţŵ˴ȥԽɽ
Խɽһֽֽպôڵʱôȥͷ˵鱨ÿζ׼١
֧Ŷ䣬ǳῪʼжˣһѣﲻ򵥣п֪ƹܵľ
ͷλڴµˡڳֻ˵
ҧһڣĶǡһԴв
òڣֻǽüͷ磬εⶫǲ塣
ɽˣĹʲô岻ģҸǲһõĻһ˻ȥ
ҲǺƽ
飬ȶȥԽɽͷǶɢ誹ԹԭһԲΣ
룬ȥһڡ
Խɽɫδٻ˷͸Ц⣬誵ͼ룬ҾʹȥĹεˣɽҰ޾ͻὫɣٲع
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´֮ǰôҽᣬ˭ͷأЦȴͣȴֱӴӦֻ̬ƿۡ
üۣԽɽΪףһϲȥĪrҲ˼֡
һҹġʬ塱ѪҺѾˣ誴ţǾһһʹüƳ̾ϢվۣԽɽֻһ齫ˣЩʱųˣȥɡ
·Խɽȴ̬ȣŵ˺ֻܶ࣬˵ʣ˼գû֣
誵ͷɫ򡭡ȡ飬͡ⱦ
飬Խɽʵ㻹ʶ֣
誵ͷԽɽ̲סҪͷȴ״ض㿪
誵ʶסԼͷϴ۵ĺԽɽһȻͼܽӴֻͻأ̸Լ͡
ҶֻĬĬͷԽɽãԼʦʲôҲûס
òԸԷ佫ҴĹƢͼٴȱƺǸмˣ֪ҹ˸á
˵˵ˣ˾͸ˡ
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ͼıԽɽٰѳڷ߶ɣҪ£誵һ䵥ӣҹʱŴһ΢졣
һζӿ誵ϵƿۿһСr
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Ѫճһĵط˺һ㣬¶˿ڴĿģһҺˣҪĿࡣ
ųѺֿǽʱ¶ڣ³̰ͺҾʹƽĪr۲ۣ˺òá
ֽϵˮղɣĪr˳һµ⼸Ҫ̽˴ĵκ壬ÿҹ㡣
޷ԼܻסԼҪСġҡҡͷսĪr֡
Ҫңʱ̨һ仨Īrʱ䲻ٶһ鶣ǧҪðա
ˣ誻Īrǰ˿Ծôϵͳοû𣬷İɣҳƷĶбϣ˿ڻġ
֮ʹ̣
ϵͳĻ͵Ȼһɫһ׾ֱӽصڣ˵ʲô
֮ʹ
ĪrոʱһĶ´
һɾ򿪣һŻƹӵҩ䡣
һöʹҩ
կϵ˴ףΪ˭ТһÿվڴǰŪƿĻֻÿʱ֮ǰͰǶƿγӵ
˴ͷ˵ʱŻԽɽɽ＾ѵʢĻ˶ЦӢѹ˹أֻԼ⡣
δճɽկжײãԷ鲢δףֻǲʱס˳誵Ѳεң˶ӡ
Ϊ˭Ϊ򣬻ΪҴ磿óһĨЦЦų誵α
課ֻң֪㡣
һ鸾ֻ
氮򣬾͸ȥˡһ誴üд󵱼ɱҡ
вңͷһŭγס誵Ĳӡ
롢áһ߳ĵһ١


79 
Խɽŭ𽫶˷ֿ誣ɫҲϣеΣʲôֵһٶ鶯֡
硣ø뿪ھͱԽɽϣüͷ忴ãûóܣֻǵˣǲҶ֪Ҳ˵ʲô
ߣҸҩԽɽŻų뿪Ŀų誵ıӰãһԲת
ط·ϳͻȻЩֹֻۿ΢죬ƺʲôί
Խɽһ㶣̶۵ӿŰİɫΪ˵ѣ
ҹýУ˽ʱǽƸֻ꣬ʣһ֮ʡ
뻳ãʵǰɲòš
誴ۣǲңҲ˵ˡ
˵ӵΪԽɽһõĲԼδֵ˾ƫĶ̫ʹ졣
ԽɽûأųһһһƬһֱֻ֣üĬĬ֡
⶯ԽɽĲ߬誳üƸҪٷŭñң洦ʸ֪Ƣá
ϲԸЩӣҪǸ֪ȤģҾǿҪһ߿һʣµЬָǰװߡ
Խ˵ЩܻĲԽԽɽҪ˵ԼѧʲôҪģһˣúܣɱݽ棬ѵŸĳ
ů˵ʯͷͷҼŵҪɱģ㲻֪ô鶼Ц̤
˵ţίңԽɽľͷƲڴ̵Ϊؽڻ̧ۣ
⻰ԼҲ֪ˣֻǳںղأµʱڣֻŷ۵˵˶ģΪֻᱡңҲǲǶҵġ
ȷΪɵ㣬˵ΪɫԽɽƷΣ֮ͲԸΪ誻лʵҹΪ
һֻۣϸ¥µǽǣӦǲ֪ڴ˴ģ誵üɫҲҵǿͣͣĴʲôһʲôֽ״Ķ
֪ںδӦֻԽɽͼز񷿵ˣǼ˶ƶز࣬ҲײԽɽ֪ںδ
ų誵ĻԽɽ뵽Ǹ¥֮Щ¾ɵţٴȷʵ˲ģ
ţ֪ǣָḧԼץӻΪʱŽ̶֣֮£ԭΪҪᱡףӦҪڡ
δˣԽɽϸų誵飬ֻεͷĿƵƵץŷſãô
뵱ңȫȻûֻˣԽɽ⣬Ҳ뻳ããֻ
ȥ̽¥нŲȴ¼ӡӣ⹷ͷʦĿͷҲСýųƣʶԽɽδȫɣֻǿŽõľٶ֪Գ課ȷ
ղлҪ˵Ī˵ԼԩԽɽԽԽеֻǹ°⣬ɽһ룬·Աɫ̸УԽɽҲὫλθߵ뼸λͬ
ԼӰආ㱨ʱֻ˵ֹӡڻǽӰӽֻūл
ҪƭҲδ֪οҹ٣ʱɡ
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ǰİֵģս۵ףĬĬͷԽɽǰߣԽɽƽסǣսúЩҲĪȥ¥ҶŪȹҲĪ˽Ĵűǡ
ȲʲôģԽɽֻó޺Ǵʱϸ¥ݾߣ誰ЦĵǱԼ
ˮóԽɽƫãм˵ìңȽˮıȡΣ鱨źá
ɺãìܸǼ򵥡
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ﰮ˶֪ģż·С¥СǰһȹŴأа׵һ֧֧ѡŴų¶Ļ
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ԭʵϲ˵ҲأɳԽǱֵ˹˳Խ
մӲŮɫʱ񶼲μӣһļǹҪȥժãԽóǸ
αԽɽﲻˡ
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Ϣߵһѽ˰ڻ˫ƺҪĳЩطֻǳʶһţ޴֡
Ҫȣһѽ˽Ϫˮ֮У׵ȹѸٽʪ˰ȹ˫޳һ˲֣ճϸ֫ƺίʵЩС
ĻЦһţŰ˵ĳ誵һֱϴ󣬵ҿʲôɫζʡϴǧ廻Ǹʵƻ
㲻ҸԽɽ誳ɫǿ򶨵
˭֪ɹЦϴĹϵһЬܻģ˵˲Ҳ㶯ֵ֣Ǹöзݲǣ
ԹһЩͷ
͸˺ۿȴɵŰҪͻȻᾪϲң
δͷһػӺϮʱǰһڵϪˮ
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˫ַŵǽʪ֮ϣȵϢ¶ߣҵ⣬˵ò⴦һ㡣
û˵Īrߵ誼ֻ̬ͣЦǱɣҲУҶġ
űߣĪrͻȻʪܵˮȹµĪrҲʪˡ
£ʪ·Īrһŵɽߣ̻ҹŻδľֻ̿ȼչůĪr誷£ҰŪЩʪһˣȥб˿ˣܣúܣ޲ð۾ˡ
˻Ӧѹ˽⿪ʪ͸·˳࣬ץͷƲסֻ߳öᶼ˻𣬽𼱻ǣҪ˳ԽŰġ
ţռеĲȴǺĻȾϴ
ʱȻһȳһգ⽫ϼ¶˳ϵͳܼҵǴһҩ裬ǷĹҡһ˳ֻ˫ʧһһ߻կӡ
˭誻ʪ͸߻ɽկԽɽϢʱǾòٵ˵ۺͳ誻طڴĳŭɶ
˵Ҳʪ͸ظǱ˶Ŀȴײˣƫƫƫһ·
²ͻԽɽģƲóǸ¥ȴȻһ籸ﺬµĵһߣҪԾȥ
Խɽɫһ䣬Ͻ誱ʪ͸ģŭ˫ﾡȥֻĦų課ϵĺҧгݵǲɡ
˲ֻͷᣬԽɽЦ
һȺֵܣһ⡣
Ǿɫˣǵ˲ɣ


80 ˼飬
ǵؽͲ࣬ЩȨǲֻ˵°Խࡣ
ޱƹžǴ󲿷̣ϵͷһвĵ
ȹŻĴ٣̫ӣǰɻʵ˼Ȼ˸Ҽ١
ֻͻϳֻһһȥֱ˼
ϸƽ㣬׼۸ѹü͡
켵ũ˷ƣ˭֪˰һʣµ׻ȫ˹ٿѼͭ壬ȥס
δգ˺ȣδһ⣬ױͬкҲֻõǸױɫأԥţǹԡ
޷ֻȥسҷӡ
سдҼһзŪס
ֻǿŰռʰ©룬̨ͷޣǳǽİտ·ֻñȥضʳһʱ׳꣬ʣ븾,վ﹡Զ顣
𴦵ǵͼۣǾͳ۰ߡĪǴġŻ˼ֻƽ
˰βĪջرʿ˼ֹ˳ŵĺ󾱴һӺԼɼ
ˣĪǶԲ˰̣ܵ˼΢ĵֿѹ²á
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˼ɫһ̹Īǰͷɬˣ²ڡ
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ʮýҩǣԼֻһᣬûи㡣
ѹ£һһغͰˣüƽϡĪ˼°ͽͷ̧
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׷ɵѩͷּһе췴ʫţʱ׵Ϫҵӹ٣ֻΪūȻڻС
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ֺãֻּҰ˴ڵ¼꣬ĪȤȱȱȤЩ˱Ҳᣬֻ׼ּСȥūӡѺٸū͡
ūӡĪǿ΢΢üлʲôĵūӡӲˣ̫үҪūǵܽӡӡЩʱ˷ֺ
£ʵ⻹ӡģСЦH˵˼䣬ĪЦ㵹ǻĥˣЩطǲס
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ҴҼһּʫףֻѾ⣬ּ֪Һ˴ʵ
һվĳƶλĹˣһֽ˱뿪ˡ
ڵɫ԰ףһԵīĥúëڤ˼ãһҹдһʮҳۡ
սǾȴȽܶᣬϪЩԣȴתˡ
ӸǼƷﴫ˺ѷεĿϪһתΪǿԵ˳ڷڵݴϵŮݣ۾һûԵø
ղͣᣬץϪҵֽ๸ȾڵָǡƤ⣬ϪҲ㣬ֻһϴ÷׵ĵΪ
պʰҴү״ԪϪҵҲ︮Ҫ
ֻŽű˳ȥŭҲ״Ԫ鹣ײʥݡ
ԭǽһƪ۲òʣΪԶ轫︮һʱٹޡ
ϪԾòף˵һԵžɢţֻǴ·ٹ˶˸⣬ԥſͿ͵үԷĵһ۱еؤҺȥ
һʱŴ˾ᷴڣϪŭͷ״Ԫɣƪõó֣±˽ܹ֮ڣ
˾ȥˣǴүµģֻЦ˭ﳼūʲô£βˣǵȱγɣҲӳιҰҲʴȣٵһƶϵСãֻ»ɵɵҲܡ
вˣϪҰ㲻öԷΣźݺݹرգԼһǧ顣
Ϫұҹ紵ҡҡλΣʧҪȥ̽СȴһĽ·
̽һֻƽľѥӣڵ϶ۣüÿֻȻ忡ϵĳȻ͵ȴҲ֪۸񲻷ơ
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ϪҲ֪ݣСõĲԾΣഩϸɾ·̫Ӹÿհ׳԰׺ȣԹԽѧڸĪǣֻǶԷ⣬ȴûֹϪҵΪ
ֱգĪ֧°Ϳ뽲ʥ͵Ϫң˵½󿿽
һϪ˫΢Īǣ²ƵĪǿЦȻҲʥͲ̫Ȥ
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Ϫ̹½Ҫ⣬ȴ̫үѶãֻԼǱڵϣһһؿɬԽ׶
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ʬ屻ϵڣֻǹԣյ۵Īǽһݳֶ


81 
ѵȴڣسͬһȥ˾ܵĿ񾩵Ȼڳﱸݣ˭֪ޱȺҲһȥ
Ǹļ۸ߣʮҷֿգȻسһҳɡ
ȰѾǵŵһߣس̸񾩣ԪѱϯһӳԪŶȥ鷿˿ݡ
سִֹƻƻɣԪ޷ֻǵؽҲգ֪ʲô
üˣԪͷس췭˱һЦϲգǾո
ڸݾǵռҲüֻǺسԭ뾪ޱаԵúˣѪ޹顣
Ӹݺܿ˿տյĿ⸮а²ͳӯޱ֮һʼֲ֧۶ٶֻոɾǸ߼
ֻ˵һʱֳӯ񾩵Ǯȥһһǵȴȥ𽥿ʼ벻ĳ
дȣŲùĻǮһ㱻ǰΧ˼ţԭ˼ŲɻµĹ̫ү£¿಻ֻȣоȻֱѳһö̫ӵ塣
ⶫԣʵŭѺУ̫Ӻ׸ãǹµ˲ϿͷᣬĪùöЦֻȷǶĶ
Ī͸ģĪȻƷǽضлˣȻܰǼٵԼ棬˽ȥ
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˫Ѿʼǵ۾¶֮ɫֻǴ֣µĿһӿŻڴпһɬʱ⣺²λˡ
һ²λ֪˭һʱӿ鿤ֻ̫࣬ˣ֪ԻʵԹޡ
ɱã壬޶λ
ɽկڽվʼˣԽɽһѳֱָɣ˵дֽ̣ȴŭй
Ȼп˵˳誣ǸĵĻö֣Խɽĵᡣ
һɱɱú޻֮ǻ˻ҳ֣ŭ飬Ƹң
˵鱻ɽҿ߲ĵȻԽɽĻֻУ˫Ŀɺ죬Ѹͣһ¾㽫ɵĸ첲
Խɽ˵ʲô˻һնͬһ˱ܿĿ飬ԽɽֻǶģ˭֪ɾá
Խɽŭ֮µԽɶѣһɽİԽɽկӲĸԸֵɽλǰͰˣñڹͷϴᡣ
£ǺŭЦҿ˵ʲôֵƽƽֻƯȻôõ´˵ҲҪάɵ׺δԲԽɽƫĵŮ˱˯˶̣ޣ
ǳƿյڲϣ죬ȴǲͳŪ
նɱֻ»ŭԽɽ䣬ȴֲ꣺Ǿɽϴίˣδغδȥֻû
羹ȻΪңɲۣЦǿˣ⼸ҵҵģһֵܣǸ󵱼ģ±һ硣
Ӳһԣֵ˵ز뿪ڱԽɽ̧סֻŪߣΪɳɽǸ֪ܷ⵽ʲôز
ﹲŮ˲ʲôϡ£ԽɽͲ֪СŵĶ˻ȥ̣ǼղʳˣµŭҪߣһԽɽһ顣
ҹԽɽͬó˽ضϹȻɴկֵˡ
üͷԽɽͷԸŵ˱ǣҲǷǣ˻á
ɽϾһѣɴŵ˳ԽɽֵǷ߷߲ƽɽ·򼱣˸ضȴ˴ӱһѱĵ
һڵϹתͷһ忡ײ۾ֻ̲סУõһͷȵҹɫޱȡ
ˣˣɾгͻȻһСʯͷѨãӱ˴˸̧־͸һƲͷʲôֵǶģŶ֪֪
˭ɽŵҿǱӣֻʵ̫
˼˴Ȼ̧ͷ㵵ûֻһͷ˿ɫٱúѿǰݴʷĪr
ٱҪĪrһѽƸס񣬱ٿԸһĻᡣ
ͱ뷨ַţɺܿҧӦĪrúԽɽΪĺŤʹ졣
ԽɽֵܣȻ˾һȥȪ·ɡ
龹ȻĪrŮˣֻֻԽɽǧС
ɽµ嶼ɾĪrһ˲δκˣҹǱǾľӰתƵڿ
չһ֧ɢĶδɵĹٵţͻȻ·˴˸⣬ɴżʮﳤȥ
⡭Ϣɽ˼죬תתҲ˶ֵ˼˼ͣεʱͳ̰˵ʱһ£һαպ
Ϣ׼ȷֽϻһڱǣԽɽͷҲ֡


82 
ɽ´īֻһݡ
ɽʶֵëǣºһЩСͷĿ˻õ
ֻȥⷿǼȡãīٲ㲻࣬Ͼȡֻȼ
һīȥȡȴ¸֪һ鱻ˡ
ﾹʶ֣棬ȥСȡīСš
Խɽһ÷ⴰؿʱɫСһ㣬ζţȴԽԽԡ
˸ߣܿǴŵëʣϷһ׳ȣϸ
ľˮǧһֻ˷չϡ
ȥ̬Ƿס߽ǰӰһڣһٱʣɾĻһī㡣
ϧˡϧָæ񣬳ҡͷüʷ΢΢ǷһԭţСŮüǡ
һֱѰŵıοôɫ˫ŮӣƮƮȻϸʫ䣬ȥĳλʫ˵䣬΢һͬ𣬷ҡֱϾ
һų誵֪ʫ⣿һ˼ңЩʲôأǼ䴺ԹҲһʡ
˵Ц÷µͨһҲԣü˵ƣ˺ߴӲϿֻ촽Ʋͷ߶ڽ飬֮䲻ס
˴ƺ֪Լˣԥ̾Ϸ֮ϵнۣڴ˴
˵ȥǲ񣬳ȻֹǸұ˵ЩǣЩϧŻ˵ʲô΢ᣬҪЦֻۣⷬɡ
Ҫϴæȥɶ˵ֲļϸĴдһ˼ʱɤɬԼȣӣɷң
ջֵĳ̵̧ͷȥ˵ֻǵͷ
ֻܿ˫ĵӴĳޣͬκС㻰СдﲻܿƵȴžعϡ
ٲ˼ȥī£ֻǽӵһﰵĥų誵ݡ
Ǹͨ˼ҵС㡣
Ҳīд֣ϸϸϵĦϵĲϣٿüͷһ壬ȡһصƬӲÿ
˫һűֲֻֽʲдţҸݴʷҳɽٻ౨
ýֽƬ˺飬ųһ亹µʷʷҵǧ𣬲ãɻعæ˵ֽһһƴãһҵ̰ͷӿ
ǽɽկȥԼ־˴ʷǧǧǡʱղ˵дʷһˣڹٸıְǲ⡣
ȡվҪȨǮկԺȲȴպһȺϴֻһ𣬻Ұ˰ڡ
ҪɽͷֻѴϹɴ˵׼ʷϾȡи쵱ͷ²ȢʷһǻƻŮŮ
ĳȣֽȼգӳͫ¶ֻ⡣
󿿽˽ŲỺڣ誴ӽŵɣȴһɵѪζʱüתԽɽ㾽ȵزٿֻվڸ誰ɴʣ÷ϲ
󵱼ңˣ΢װʵǵԽɽˣͷӲƤӵ£ȥˡ
ңУԽɽѵùЦսɽ´˼֪ôëͷ˳ֽˡ
ǣһѿڵ󵱼ң㡣
ԽɽԼдֻƽӦеɱȥιŮѺ񷿹ֵܽơȫȻûֳɫӲһϣֺõˣ
˵ﾹԽɽЦģԲȥǡڻӹ֬׷ۣԳ誵üֿԽɽôˣ
ϵʪ𤻬壬ǸմѪ̳ˮøɾֻ׵渡һ㲻ĺ⣬֪лͷ룬ƺһ˵Ѫζ
ֻ誶Ҫ³԰ԽɽԽɽص˵һľֻš
һˣǴһαļѹһһٵǶɽ׼ˡ
һԲų誵ԽɽͻȻһЦǿдڳϣӵЦС㣬֪𣿡
˵ǿȡ𻵣⽫ŮնϣŽȱ˻
ϲ𣿡ǺĶˣмȥΡ


83 
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һ誱һǲͷϷֻ˱ƵǽǵҾҪúô㣬Ҳҵʲôӣ֪Ҳǡ
װӽϲǽԼúЦ˵ţҲмԳЦЦЦָų誵ƣ㡭ҲΪѡ
ֶǲܣֻʵůģԽɽӲĦŮ˼֮ǰҲ֪ԼǼһҲ濴ס
߽ɽҰ˫մѪԽɽЩƹˤҪǿҪ˼ð˳
ֻǸո΢̧Ǳǽǵŵˮ͵һһţȳ˵鶼ҪҲƯöࡣ
֪󵱼ҶҺã֪󵱼ˣֻСðȣѪ£飬£ôҲܽմ󵱼Щ󵱼ҲˣֿĴңöá
ˮ˵ţԽԽļ壬һЦȴüͷ
˵ܱ˺ԽɽһҲԽɽ΢㶺ϲҲˣϼң
ȻΪ˳誷һֱӪȴΪ仰ģǷҲϲֻɱΥףŵŲϽԼ
Խɽס誵֣еûƿĬһϿɡ
Խɽ̲ס𴽽ǣȦڻЦ޷ֻҪң󻹳Ըס
ܵһ꣬꣬ٳʱ˭֪ء
üֻĬĬӡ
ҹ˻δðޣϿ;̲ס򣬽ʪĳ誱
ѴԴͣţͷβ˵ŲĪrͷЦź𣿡
վϳϷĪr߷ڳ誶ϣֲǶ䣬˳
뽫ͷһˮ־ԼС˵ԼܣĪrĥţһ˲Խɽǹһһѻٵƭı
Щɡü̾һѹȥ΢̧˫۾µĪrû취ڲذ֣΢ֲĪrĶǣ誵ίˡ
ί˲ǡĪrҡҡͷóǿܹʹеҩ裬֮ؽĪrϣΪʲôҪң
ҩĪrһͷĬһţñҸҪǣֲ
˵ֽ̧֤Щų誵ĿڴЦ㿴һҲûˡ
ҹɫ谵誶شĪrĿܿĿڴ༡޷˰̡
һĬĬţֱĪrһ˰̡
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һͬ˰̣磬ūͱٲ̵ػͳĪrĳء
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һȺ˶ĪrؿڻͺѾʿһԶ߹ǺֻûƤ
Īrһţͷ˵˾űԶϲش˾Ӫ
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ûˣûˣĪrһæ˽ڻһһų誵ıҺúõأޡ
ͷǳ誵ᣬ˫ˮɫǿ
˫۽סĪrĲӣŸɬ¶һЦˮ䵽ߣԼζ֪ܻ
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ң誵΢΢Ʋס©˿ǻĪrţʻʵֻǲط֪СrԹ̫࣬ԸԺзֺʹ
Һʳˣ૵ǲһ㣬ϲҷ󣬿㲻ۣ֪ҲŲԸۣʱܣʱҲжܡ
Բ𣬶Բ𡭡Īrηѣûڵر誣ʹ̫࣬˳誻Լһ
ԼҲ˺Լˣ֮ͨĪrΣֻһϴҲˡ
ҪסĪr£ãﻹᣬȴΪЦٲͱӡ
Ҽסˡŵҹɫ￴Է͸βᰮ⣬̲ס˫ʪ۾


84 
ٵããͷĹٱɵϴ֮޻żĴ·߻ĲݣڰĦȭƣ±Ⱥν
ǰĹҲٹи·ԱӻδвԽ񣬲ƻǲȫŹԼʱٲͷλɡ
һ^İﳤڿգһϲսóذ״˷Χ˹
еļʮʿʱӦڹǰԶսĵ亹ڶǣ֪Լûб˿
Ⱥһ۲һᴩ˺۵ӣµ׳ײǰ漸ʿķߣѸ򳣺Զ
Խɽһķ磬սĳԶӦ죬ֿ̳֮
ƥū֣ԶµΪʾǣ徢סƽĴ󵶣ڽڰˣ°˵
ʵ˼뷨һ֧ƿղĶ䣬ἰʱӺһӴϣǰųԶſһ
һһᰵۣҪϲģһ¹ǵǷĺ
ԶһӸϿֱָԽɽŭ壬ҲĶ֣֪ƵİյǮɱΣΣ
˹үʲô£ĪЦԽɽЦһм볽ύ涼׼صס΢üֺЦƤλֵҲ˲٣·зݣԵɽľͲһ
뻤ƣ뻤ԼĽ⣿
ĵвֲ٣Խɽ֪볽ѷָ±㲻پеŸ顣
ĿУ˲ֻʣѪܵĺڶ˻ǰ񱼣סµֻ£ԽɽյѺǮ
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̫ظϣڴ˴Ȼ࣬ھǰԼ
һȫİԼĿɣ˫նĴ۾ٿԼĺۼ˲ܰա
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ϸϸкãϸŽϹյķλ˷䡣
ֻǴ̫ṩ࣬ԭķֳи̰ͶĳɣĪr񼫺ãּ¡
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ֻһɽկͷߴ˱Խɽá
ĪrϢһЦֵͷǣֻ׼ʣһݵݸԽɽĿ䣬һڿչٸ顣
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İóֽһҳһҳֽ̧ȼƵֽŻΪһŻұɨССڴͷŰ˯ȥ
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ңڳطЩ飬ЩҶȫźˡָָһ䣬ѻһЩŵĻֽطһԡ
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Խɽ뽫Щ٣֮ǰ⣬ܷѱֻһֽȥա
ֻһˣɲŲæŴǳżֽңԽɽҲЩаͬıֵż£ʣµĳ誶ڻֽ
ֽ˼żٵĽȥһСϲԸԽɽ
һֽԽɽĽˣѰ˸ضջ٣ⷿĹʱҪȼֽԽɽʵʲô
ľɶռطԽɽһС̻ȼǷڵϣתһֽŶ˻ҡ
⿴ۣͻȻһֽģһǱˮʪ˰㣬Ьһ𣬶һƬϸֽܳˣ
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ĶѾ˯İգǾ֮֮ǰѹأնԲǾ鼫㲻˴ŵѯʲǾ£ֻҹ
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µŮѱףʯִҽΣȫ¼ʮλɮȫ֮Է̫ظйص̲֮УĪrˣæŵãԽɽˣ
ĪŗͷסеĶѪһ͸ˡ
ҹɽ¶֣вһС֪ԽɽһɽԼΣգöĵһֱδʱпΣ
ߣҹǰֻɫŨˣ^Ҳڶģʱϵͳľ𣺡棬棡ʹԻ㣡
ŵû񣬳誶һ˲䣬ۣȴǿס˯űƿһѼĵڳ課
㰲ŷŹ㣬ˣûһ찲ģ´ҪԸ
ҧ⣬ʹƿãԷ׾ٽסѵŴ󵱼ҵġҹǰЩӸа취뿪ֻҵš
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˵ţһСл䡣
óţֻֽסɱ㣬㶨ǻʱӵѪزԭҡ
õַ誵Ķһ˫ϸų誵˼ΪλôΪԣΪ˲ϧϾꡣ
ţͻȻս誵Ĵյúܽ誺ܲƲͷõʲôŮˣܽԣʲôֵģ
һʶܿĥ꣬߿ǰСѾ˯˱ߣܿĿҸɽ½誶ȥ
ոǷ治Ҳ֤˼ԽɽĻϸķơ
ƲҪȴ淢ڷУԽɽɽͷ֮ʣκηɻ󣬱Խ˳誵Ļ
գȻ֪д˱ģܿ췢ֳ˵ʵ
òȻŭһʱ˲ó誣˲ڲ񷿴òסᵶȥѰ䡣


85 
ݵľݷãʱȻŹźţ·ԼĪҪʱ
Īrļ٣ŲǾֱӳɽҪ֪үҪԣȻ˺
ỹ˵ʲôĪr۾죬ȻѾ˿ҪϿĳ̶ȣ̾һģʦ㣬ƺ󡣡
ĪrδͬǰͷҲصسɽǽӲҡҡͷ
Īrǿд񣬰ѹŽƽǾסɽдСڣݾһΧɽ
²û𣬳誻ɽϡ
Ϊˣ벻ܲ˵ǹƥѪϴɽկΪֻԼɱķܴʤ̣ΪʷŵҲֻһˡ
ĪŗͷһƬɽĵս
ΣԶ۳ʮԵиء
誴һҲϸĿ֦֦糤úۡ
ǻĻͣѯϵͳԼԺ侲ģ
ɽһ
ҹȷʵɽˮ㣬עãڷȥݣȥݱûߣǲܣҲ˭ɡ
ֻ̫ãߵ·ͺײˣŹ˵˭֪һһ˹Ǳ㿪󾪣ңʲô
üװõָЦĶȥģ
һأȥʱæʰԺҹ󵱼ҲڲУһţŰҹСתü죬һһܲ͸磬֤֮޷ġ
ֻ֪⣬ȫκνƱӵǾʦôҲǸˣѰݣ֮ÿ࣬һʱò˾УҲװֻģ
Сˣոձ·˭֪ˣýƽҧгݵ㣬ȥɱ
ⷬԳ誵Ļɣź˴õĳһԣ˾ڵϡ
÷һѹ£ݺݳ˼ȭŻ³Ѫ֣ͣסĲӣݺݵ˶͸ȥ
ǰһбû㱣Ħŵ棬˲֮һʯͷҲûУһԼδ䵽زٻûŰҪȸү
ǰӵȴͻȻͣסһΣȵѪ䵽ϣϵһɣƬ̴Ϣָһ
Ĩһſǰһѳѩ׵ĵѾѪȾ죬̴ͻ硣
Կ֮ĺݡ
Žƿ˵ɴ۵
ɿϵĵ誻جج̧ͷˮɱˣɱˡ
޵ԽԽѲߵķڣ誱ﰲûµģûµģ󵱼Ҳġ
ų誵ı۾ѩСã֮ԼԽóϧ䷳οؿˣߣȥҴʷˣ㸸׶Ụȫؼҡ
ոգҪɱ㣬ҲɱңģﺬˮȻţϵĶģͷһ΢Ҳɱ
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һžͷĿԽɽڵǱģ
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ԸˣԽɽѳ誵ŵ̲סЦںڳҹ˷ëҪŵˣһذء
ֻСҲҲɱõ֮һɣƾԶԶ
˵գйԼٶδӦԽɽǾ仰㱻ᴩĿڡ
ˣؿںᴩ˳磬۵ɫףҧذնϼˣ˴Ⱦܡ
ȥģҵķˣԽɽһѽץסЦƺһûбǴʷɾ㣬ˣתΪɢֵܣ߷ɱá
ǸԽɽڳ誾ѵЦ룬ŮӣûнӢֻۣˣ˳ӣŮ뵨ʶΪȥ̫ˣίߣ
ŮӣǣʶһԽɽӵĿ䵽ǰ̽ȥ誵buffƿԽɽ
Ĵһbuffֻǿݣųlv.1ִңֻб˵װķݣûΪԼbuffӲƴѡһС·뿪
ͷ˲Ѫ·ֹؼʱ˽ţߵҵļ죬ԽɽվȺڹϴһֻ׼誵Ц飬СģҪ㿪Ŷ
誻ͷ֧㼫Լ˼ѾӦѡеĶֱֱȥ
ɽ·¼һ·մȾ࣬Խɽȥ
ˣͲƯˡԽɽպùȥҪҲҪᡣ
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ԪֶӰοɴʱֻ֮²
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ԪһδȢϥӣСʱԼֶӱǳٰ㣬ֻݲŲòʮ꣬ðղŴűˡ
ǰһƬʱں±ߵһŴĴ׳ϣͷֳӶ˿Ѫ䵽½ϡ
ܵķˣһһ֪Ұ޿Ŵߡ
˺һ鳤ͷãСĦ¿֮ϸּÿһԷȿգڴ±ƽ̹
ͣһȷΧ˲Żվɫ΢Ʋ͸Ż谵ĵƾǰ·
⣬ԵʧѪͷΣǻʱֽŶľж⻺
ȻԼصǰģ
·⣬誱ϵͳ鿴ֵ
ԵΪ0ֵΪ40
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֪ϵͳȷĴһ·ײΪ˱Զ۵ԵҲ֮УֻǳûȻô࣬Ҫӽֵڳȱ
ʧȥʹ˿̲ܾóʹǰУһؿľ֦գҽӦǱײ½Ťһմرۡ
δʹڽֵµʱǿңһαҪͣϢһʱ䣬ͷۻòУҪŻµԼһƬ
һϸ΢ע⣬ǿŲһƺ˳ķΧ˹
ɫ˿̳ı¶οԼĪrľӣ͸Ҷ쿴һۡ
»һͷ۾ȻĪrһͣӿһϲߣײײĽŲ˾ӵע⡣
Īŗ߿ЦŰ֣ʾԼްĪrԭϲȴէ䡣
調ɫֻ뿿ŰۣҪĵرĪr˯һ
һʯͷĲó誽һǰ㣬Ҫöͷһˣ̾Ϣűۣȴһס˻ﵹȥ
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ʧѪȻӽԵģЦ飬ãԸǡ
ǴʷԵĸҵ㡣
˾ƣü˹ȥҲ֪ûԽɽĻ
ԽɽɫˮĪrЦʷˣ㶨˳°ɣԽɽ˼һ˵ǲϧдʷŮ㣬ֻ»Ȫ·ҲįǴһͬͶ̥һ÷Ҳá
Ļδ˵꣬һ֧ȻһֻۣԽɽٶ㿪Ǽû磬һЦγǸ޵üҶҲһ֡
ãΪ֮ΪŰ֮֡ӢջعԽɽĳŪǵòŭЦְγǸƿĪrˣλЩ֪ɱ֮ǰɱ
˵һֱѪء
ɱĪr³ʹԭ׵ȻŢңӶͷѪȻײʪһ飬ӲԵһεڵϡ
Χʿڵĺһ֮ùӲĪrڱ߽ѧĵ
İ˰
Īrȫûһߵƫ˳誡
ǳ課ڣĪr㲻ǸҪΪĽ
һķӣʹԼܡ
ĪrʿֳųһԽɽЦЦϰֻӢٿؽ˳誵ֱۡ
е۵԰׵ϴ꽹һһϣʶصʣȾʱһƬ
Īrͫ׽ֱϿƵعڵϵڶ޲Խɽɱ졣
ԽɽһѽγǼļͷԼɼģ˿˿Ѫ⣬ĪrЦһ棬ҿµȥ֡
󳷡Īr侲̧֣ԽɽǰѾ΢Īrٵ飬һ·ɽ³ȥ


86 
ʿΧһȦԽɽ棬ץųɽȥɽΧصʿ˶Դ
ֻǳῴǻѪʱһ̧ֹͣɱʶĪrûжֲ˿
ѪȾõǣ³ûˣеĵŷԼոȫǺ
һƥһǧƱԽɽ˵رԵԴʿֻôʷң˰Զ
һƥĪr˴ӳ̰͸һǧƱװСӸԽɽʿǣһƥ߽ΧȦԽɽ׿ȥĪrҰȫȻŻˣ˶ֻдʷ
뿪ʱԷĪrı⣬˶վֻĪr⡣
Īrʼձһš
ʱɽδۣԽɽκʱֽ̧¼롣
Īrٸϣȷϳް½˹ã˵δʱҩʧЧʼԭӣ˴
ɫǲ԰ףĪrֻͷʣҧԽɽܵķ
ڿкĴһڣԽɽµȻʹܣ´ҪӣǰͻȻӿֳõʿ
˴ȥĺֵܣĪr׼ԽɽҹɫȻȥ¶ǰףֻϧһ
ݾפ˴ʮգѽķկ˼ԽɽӣѲ޵
ԪݵľȥɽнΧߣһֱܸϵĲǾҲӢһֹѪ˵ȫλá
ĴԽɽ֪һҲϸ汳ġ
һ֧ĪrĳϣѻɱĪrԳ˹ʿ͵ϮȴԽɽ֣ͳһѺ˸ذһѾ͸ʿĺӵµʿϳԵȡ
ԸĪrѾ־Ӫеѵ˸ǣ̧׳ȺݺݵߵԽɽعǣĹԽɽ亹ֱð³ѪֳźػӵĪr
ӵ̶Խɽ˺۱Ƶú˺üĪrֱõסԽɽƿԽϥԽɽࡣ
Խɽһ㣬˭ϴһܵնĪr˳ƴ̻Ϊն
лƺδ
ѵ㣬նūϽնɽпܡ
Ӹ˿˳ƣԽɽ۵ֱðĪrջص͵ش˽ȥƿ࣬ʹͬѸ͡
ĪrһߵԽɽѿعϣƵԽɽ³һѪ
ݺݲԽɽ˿ϣѪζֱðһһûԽɽ࣬ĪrޱԽɽͫ׵ʹ𣿡
ʹͶˡ
Щɱˣʹ
Ҫлɣұ뽫ǰƤ㣬Ҳϣܻճ
ڵϵ³һѪԽɽۣͷ˳誵ķ
ȹȾѪһģ
ԼҲ֪мģţҪ
ǸˣӦòɡ
ǰһȥľӿʼСĻ̌ƳۿĪrʱһѳ調ĵš
ĽõԽɽһֻۣѪӹڳµѪ
Īr鶪ϣƺһŽ˸ϡá
ͷһΣԼôá
һĽɫƽȴڸո˵һ䡣
֮ǰһۣҲС
ĹŮ̵ϵҩλűüһŽҩͷȥ
Ůŵ»δ¼ҩЧ͵ŸһλСˡ
һӣȷʵƳ˲٣һϲѾͷ˸һ
żѾͷЩڹ̵ð֣ÿα³ֶرܣǸģ̵Сɡ
żƴ߽Ҳû̺ɫֻҳƬ̺ѾͷҲ꣬껪ɲ˷ȥиʲôҪȥ˵һ˵ġ
δһ㶣ü˵ȫƾĸŮͻȻʵ۵æˣĪƺ˲¿̾ͽڣ˿˾ǲ񣬱ͣ
ʵһ㶣Ӻջߡ
ôˣֲͨ⿴æҵĳӣ̽һóӽߣ²ĪҲֻЦ޽·ȥ巹񣬿żû㵽
Ī󻹸Ųܺ㣬ܺҵҵΣնǰ棬Īֿʼβܺ㽫ʱ̵ߡ
ǺżѾͷ˵ʲô强Ī§£й͵ͷһĬţһתЦ檿Ů˽ҲҪ
ãĪЦ֪¶ų檣˵˵գŮһǹһ£ȻԼİӡ
ޣĪ΢ﶨϱ̵ĻƺԼİ֮ˣżѾͷˣ
̧⿴˿һɫŵĲܺ㣬¿Цһ΢΢ҡͷԹŻ½ɸĸŮȻûˣȫװš
˵ҲãѸ˸ѡʱȥԿͷĪصͷ
һЦѾͷøбͻ飬ޣϿл
µ۾һƬƲסҪֻǰʧ´ֻܰ۽ء
λлõ¿ͷûעʱ͵͵һᣬվĪȴͻȻԡ
¡һԡ
һ٣̧ͷŲܺᶨݡ
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ԭ˵ӿ˳˳۽ǵ䵽ĵ̺ϡ
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ǰ˹ڵϣһһ޺ۡ
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˶һ۾ϲɫ̰նҲϧûĵŹŮ֮ҲƲǣýЦˡ
Ī˳̵Ļб۴ȤѾͷǸԻģ㶼첲ա
ǰԣĪЦˣ˵񣬲ܺԭǽͳ죬ЩĿɼͻԭλðɣְ֮أҪһƬġ
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ιջֲ˵ֻ۾ؿһµһϽչҺȣҺȣôô˻ϲޡ
ѾˣǼϵѾץסѺDʣͰǸĪrֶι誣ˮѵĪrɫ΢죬ڶˮٳû͹̧ۼĪrཻʱƿֻۣǰó𣿡
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87 
ٺĪrȨ̫֮λھӣ誽յ˰շϣѳ̰͸ǷյǮһһ壬¿տˣŲеȫ֮һ棬ʰյãרӪ¡
Ԫͬ࣬оʾĪrݣµǣ³Ӿ֪課ǱȥԸУԪգﴫѩ»ӾǸʳǧÿɽ⵱֮
˴һ£ǵûз誽ԪͱĪr̸ﾡɻ󣺡Ӿվ˴Ƚ¶õôãǰʳ㣬֮ȵأ޷Ź
ܾΣﲻúܡ֪ԼĻ課Ļ᲻˵ùŪۣӢھǶ꣬üͷм£Щ̫оٽԶˣָߣʱ½۴ȨŸ̫ӣϱԾ̫֮֡
ĪrǺٵ鲻ˣȥ̽̽
ʷگù龩ȥɡӢͷžǵһŲĪrһڴˣ̴ܷͬȥһ⣿񾩣⾩ǵҲûˣҿЩӿʲôûС
ԭҲǲӢһȥģ˳ƴӦҹ˾ʰọ̈ŻطëŤŤд˷Žɡ
˲⣬ͷϻżīҼǸ׵үôû뿪أûнб۸ȥˣҴʦ־Ե޹ʳִˣʦֵɵֻ»ʱƿ֣ȥֻֻܸдţһˡ
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ΪˣؿͷеҶ䵽Ѱף²֪ȥ̲Ҳޣų²߼Щԡ
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Ůճ̲࣬ʵǴ
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88 
ǳҵشĵضΣſͲ࣬λӺǼΪˣ˽ã԰иԲСȫƣǾ⺨˴ﴳвá
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Ƕ˹ڵϲסͷµСϾΪѰѹʣ챻ڴ˲óȣżûŵ⸮ϣ֪ˣֻǽֱֱõҵܵܣҶ׷ᣬӦΪҶ˹ʡ
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ϵĶ𣿡Ī겻ʵɱڵİϷ̫죬ɼ֮ھ֮֮࣬㣬ֻĪ齲˰ߵвУոΪɱգֻ᲻Ϊӽأ
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ٴιѹ̿͵ȥµĶҩۼֻ̿͵·Щر𡣡
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˳־ĳͷۻ벻ʶ˶Ӵ뿪ǲֻǿǿЦ
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89 
ݴƶؼ֮ңˮޣһ굽ͷȻƶ࣬ҲҪġ
ӾǲʳӢԻţÿһؿЩԱһƤӢһѺƵòҶ
˭λ׸Ķӵﲻãֻ۰ͰͿԼǰߡ
·Ҳ㿴ЩԱ˼Խ̾ӢҶƫС
żһβС̸˳־ҪûڵǸʱӢټƽͿڣǸٵˣҲǸʺϴڻʵߵġ
ʲôǻ٣ʲôʺϴڻʵߣɼӢֻͷ˵Ҳ֪Ȥʡ
Ӿǵ˰ݾڣûͷһεĲʣϲãһɾֵĳ嶯ʱʱ̽ͷɽˮīɫã˿̳ȴϤƽ⡣
ǻʱãձСأ˽ӷϴҪDֻǴʱĪrѡ
ﻹûε̫أټһûţǿ˵ϱӻɡ뿪
˺ͲǾҪߣǴӼгڳĽֵվš
˵ĬĬţʯȴ񱻲סס߲Ⱥ￴ǺһЦףʯ֡
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Ӣͷ˲ͣţһͨ죬۽Ц
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԰ѿõĹ˵ȥİϧѣĵرȻǹòƷԣͼһ档
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ţӢͷЦЦߣӡ
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ףʯֺͳĵüã꽻һ׺ͷͷͷؽ֮һͷ˿ζţ˵Ĺ죬ĪrһԱ䣬ֻܵͷƾơ
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ǲ֪Ϊα˻һţ˵Լҹ˷纮СˤҪһЩҩ
ףʯְ˼Ϊη纮˵д˼ҩĹȥ


90 
ҹδɾһߣŵΣܿӢڿġ
ֻ˵ѿԼ룬һ顣
Ѱͷ洦ߣܿЩ
ȥϪӣղ֪ΪҲȥƣɫˮ渡Ծ̵ףδմƣ˿һڽҺ⡣
ߣȥ̲ػƻҲܾĿһį
ʣԼ̰ĽƴһŬ顣
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Ǹ¼įˣʵֻһˡ
㲻ϧһУҪһ˼ʢݻ̻
ֻվ롣
ҹ䲻ƳɱԼʲôͭۡ
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ĪǵĻ˼ģðжס˳־һһУȴڼͽ֣˼˼ջ㱨ˡ
˳־иͽѣ˳־ƺɧȻһʱ嶯Ϊ̫ƽ֮⣬ټǸȨͽԴ̬̽ȡ
ھÿһ䣬ͳܺͱˣЩСùкͳӺ䣬µԼͺдš
ͷһԭĪǷĵĪٴξɲнȥ飬鵽ļҾ¥Щ˾ۼơ
ЩھǶͷµͽȻһͱ˳Īŭգƫƫѹãڳ̸֮ڣͬܡ
ഫĿţĪѹŻͷȴ̫Ź»ֵ̿ԣճк⣬գ½󺵣ǵб֮ס
Ī걾ɻЩò̬ܳܻ档
Ц󣬲ݺᣬʵ˰ȻСɱб
Ī꺮ּ⣬̫Ī¹壬δ㪸ģ׳ɼܵģзػ꣬گó


91 
ǵĴ·зﴫݣһ֮ӵǡ
̻֮֮⣬ֻĪǻ֣ǰӺԼͶϴʱҲǻҷ
ԼѪԵＴλ˭ȥ֧һԼ׵Ļӡ
ĿͳҲ˵ֻǰջףֻ֪һ
̫ǿҵµӲӶĵشŷ籩ΧӱЮߣʹظɺԴ󺵡
ֻǳβĪǻȥдżǣúس콫ƽ
õˡ˼ںԼû˶Ǹѹؼʱ˴
һȼĪǴеĻӣһƳø󽫹·ģ
¡֪˼һ㶣תҡͷоǲ֮ɫ
ǲĪüͷһЦĿĻɫƺʻ
ˣŨ
˼ַٵͷȥĬĬԼ
뾯ңֻƴã㶯£Ī˿Լ˵Ǳ£ֻΪ侲ɵĲǹ»գֻη
µ˼ǡ˼ͫ΢βԾһɫס
ĪǽִļģοĻȴ䣺ƴ󣬴һԽЩвԼҪݵңԼǸġ
ֻϻʼң֮ݽİ·ˣɱ۾գ
λĪǰۣŪȨ
ּңңΪܶżңͨͨӲı֡
ǵ¡˼һ¹ڵϣ䣬ȴǴĺ⣬ĪǶ̧°ͣʹɫս˼Ĵ˳־֮ʱǹ¸λ֮ա
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ȻգĻ̻֮»˪̳죬ɺҲֻ㽵꣬һʱ˪ΪĪƴӡ
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ɫ糣ţȴЦЩӺͶӸ̰ӣ̫ӻδȥñð˳
ĪôԸʱĪȥ¶ĪǷࡣ
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ĪԽãʱԣʮ꣬һ¾ԭΰ㣬Ͽݻƣ͸нľ֮С
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Ⲣӣ·ͻȻ̫ȥ̫ӸϴţǹĪǻδ
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һֽʥּĪµ֮λҲĪrָֻǰһУһİ١
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㡭󵨣ĪɴۼסĿڱǣ߹űЦ㱡飬ʲôҲϸùżֻҪ˳ңǳڱ߶꣬Ҳֻһİ١
ãɳ檲ˡ


92 
̽Ī֮ǰʥּԵĳĬĬȼӻó̫ͬമͨõʥּ
ڵ֮ӰݵһεĿοĨϸıӰĨվ
һԼķ˴ഺ껪ˣһʱĺ̬֮ŻƬׯеĺ٣ᣬҲƲ״
˭ʲôҲںܻڣȨܲȥ
̱ŻʺĨ΢۽ǣ¸ոµһޱȰ̫̫ࡣ
ذ׵ÿᡣ̧ۿŹڵصڹٺ͵ͷ˪ͣһĭżʥֲּͣʱ˪̧ͷһЦǹ
һֱĬĬǻ»ӻǵĪҩȡʥּͣƺͶɹ
һŶ裬ɫּʾĪС
һһ˫ŵִʱƿ巹ţֵ̾صɴۣĪǹŵЦ
ʹΪ˿Ź¡ĪǴӳùǷʥֹּûУֻܿĪǴ۾ꡣ
ԷߵЦԽԽЦ۽߳Ứ
Īǽʥּڽ£òֲ۽ǣʧĳЦʹ
ıͳΧס巹ûһ̫׷׶ηڵش̲꣬԰ҡҡͷµ۲
ʹţǹʧˣĪһЦҪ£óĸɣ
ܳԸԸ⣬ĪһѴӵǶԴһƯޣĪüͷ亹乵ĶͷϾѾԻʺ֮ѳˡ
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ܹźʵˣĪƳ˼ÿɢĳĶҪڹµǻ֮ǰŪˡ
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ϣǻ֮ǰĸ;ŵܶƽĪ΢΢̧֣Ǽһֱͷڵϵ̫ͻȻȥ
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ĸʼհĪ꿴̫Ҫ̲ס֮ǰడһʥּȥĪһ档Īǵ͵Ц
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ѡ˹»Īrûȥ
ĪԳЦЦ˵ʲô
ĪѾϴɾѪζʹֶƿס쵹꣬˸ĪǺڣ
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죬Ī俴üߵ㲻뱣ס˵ùһĲ̾ĸƽӹƷоʧѪ
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һƽĪǵĿУ̾ҳӣϲš
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ֻǻλվǻλӳиҵ˳ӦأֶҵǷͲô˳ˣ
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ĪΧֻǵ𣬵µľߵʿӵǵģһϾеˡ
һ׹Ԩ䣬̧ĿȴĪƽؿ
ĪΪ˿־ܼ֣δ̫Ц
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ĪϵãֻǲܺŲżµӣŲܺ㱳ѣʣںδ
ŶĪЦԵŮϢ羪ը֮˹ȥ
ˣǰˣ֪֪֪µıãĪɿɫǳ֮õѪء


93 
誵ﾩ֮ʱ˵ѾݵľĪrһ·ϣ֮أ˭ܿ⡣
ֻݵش߾սۺ񣬳Ԫ½ӣ˸
ǵľֻͳĻλ̳ˣʣӱʦ˵֮⣬֮Χǣа
ӳڳʱĪޱвٵʳͼľǵĴ
Ӻس촦֪ϤһۼѾǳԣΪ۲˰հΣ
ҪˣĪҲֻһʱǶ裬治֮Ķ
ҪĪrλ䵽Īrͷϡ
ҪǿƿţƱؾͻ˺аա
ү˿ǲסҪȰֹڡ
Ӣƣ룬ĪĪץ֮õŮ㣬ȥĪrӢ֮Ѫˡ
ĪӢѵ˫ͫȾŭ⣬ҧΣ
Ѻڳ¥ϣĪʹĪ˵ƿš
ͷء
ľӻΧס˳ǣ˼ʣµϾԼĪ򣬶бԼ࣬ռƣοǽ֮Ϲܲϼѡ
ֻܿҹϮʳ漱ʮգʱǼޣ붯֡Īrֲ˼ʹо״̬ѣõʱ
ԥӢļֻ̾
ҹɫŨϣھǵĽҲһܿǣӪзʳ䣬˻㱨
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ǵãЦЦԵͷ㵽ʲôӶǿ޴İղŷķŽֻǴ˿̽վвʲô¡
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94 
꣬ۺ޵ĵطֻйƷꡣ
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˼ǰúãĪǼૣ¼îʱʣԻػ꣬᲻ֹ
ССһעӰǰĪrֳֹʮΣֳֹһǧٰʮΡ
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ΪһҴɢ޵ع
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߰ɣĪŴ˴ʩĹüкղܽɵۺޣ
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£ĪջС̫̾á
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ҹڳɿӢϸף̲סСġٶģĪһ£ɲ֪οڡ
Ӣҹû˯þֻǽ񳯰ǿԼϢ۵һƬ졣
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ںɫҹһİӡ
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ооŽǽ
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ļһ˫۱Ůӡ
ӢѪһʯ֮˼㵱ֳ̧գۼ䱻Ρ
ֻһ֧һ֧ڵһ֧ǰ
üǽ֮ϴʱ˵֮ϵʿ⧲һͰˮԼʪִ֣еͣ쳷쳷
ƮƮһǣѸȼӵݣϸ׵Ľʿס׷ʹش䵽ϣȥòݻϵĻ
ʵܣüޣɾҪֳɳˡĪʩʩȻվĪrĬĬ¹
ĪָĪǵʮղͶھζΣش·ĪǣȰޣĪŰհװܿࡣ
ĪǴЦ壬㿴ǽ֮ϵĽô÷˵Щء
ؿĪѹһӣͷҪŴţ壬ɱ
СĪȭӥĿڣնͷ­
үһʱ֮ĪrסĪʾ˿̹ʧܲؼĪǣ˷ǣվֲΧˣȥԱҲգʹһս۳ɰܡ
ݡ¡ĪֻһЦҪ˵ʲôһֱ԰ͻȻ˲ʹԽ³ǽ
˫ĿѲǼһ
ڳǽ֮δ׹䣬Ӣźµش˼
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ɱң׹ڳǽ֮ϵŮ˫ѾճѪһһ磬ɱҡ
ܺ㲻ˣ磬ۻӳᣬɱңǾ³аհɡ


95 
Ӣٴ̧֡
ʮ֮һδùʱ
ֻһμͷƫбڷͬҶˮ
֪ҪƮ㡣
ֻƮ㣬Ҳϰ߲ǡ
ǽ϶ЦãҲһЦļ׼ǸۣС¸ߡ
ЦŵͷȻۡ
վ᲻֧õģӢѡ
һϣҪϳɺ衣
һѪۣùʬջȥĥ
ԼҲۡ
ңһѽҪնһԵļǣҡ
û׹Ӣ̧ۣǽ֮ȴһεѪ¡
ֻ
ϪңĪŽֱ۵סոһˣּĪǣ´ŭ
Īָ˼㣡ʥͣĵ壬Ƕȥˣ
ˣĪĻ̽קص棬ס˼˵ֱۣ俴Ī޲ɱ壬С̵峣ó֮ģȻػ֮£ͽ䱨ʡ
¡˼ܿĪᳶ˳ĪǵӣĪЦգܶ󺰴С
֪Īһ˲ĪǵԽӡ
ĪûشĪ⣬̱ڵϵ˵һ仰
һѰ˲̧ͷʱ㱻ȥ
ҹĹʧҲڳ֮Уϡ
֪ʱŻеоϮֻҹĽرдļ죬ӵ״ֻ̬һղһա
һԶ׼ı֣벻ͨĪǻϿһս˼ҹĴߣżŰյ֪ǽﻹǽڿޡ
棬Ƕ𣿡課ϵͳ
µĽ첻Īǵָ˰գҲʱ⡣ϵͳ
ǽ֮ϵȻվţ֪ǷҲսЩ
課鿴ԼʣʮԵ㣬ͻȻʵЩԵ㣬ʲô
ﶼɣһЩǳɰһЩӵ˼άһʵıԵԭʼģٷֽ
誷ɫ壬ͻԺδ
ʣռһΪģĵԱϵͳռתΪʵҲǸԵ㣬ϵͳһһʮ𸴣һµ뽫õаϣ
ܹסаյҪ٣ֱʵ
ϵͳɨдΣİգܼʮղƳǣҪʮԵ㡣
ʮͷ۷ֺʣѾϵԵ㣬ܷȡ
ϵͳûлش𣬳֪ǿԵ˼Цʣʮ㣬״̬ʲô״
Σϵͳ
Ҫһˣͬϵͳÿտ۳㣬һܻ죬Īrɹǻһõ٣
ǻõ٣ϵͳҪһУϵͳһεȥ˳εջ󣬻еһһ͸¶ׯϣлṩУϵͳģʵʱѰȻɹ߰ꡣ
Ӫʱ鼫ãĪrȻƵüǴЦҹãǣ誵ֵʮպ󣬿ǲٹǡ
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誵룬Īǲ뿪ս
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ĩ˳課ŻζĪrĻ̧üͷϷһ,ЦĪǺøˣ
Īrս誾Ѳ˲䣬ֻǣҺ
£㶼֪ɣ課ĿĪrû͵ƵӪֻܿĪrӰӡ
誱Īr˽֪ĪǸ࣬ϵͳרйĪǵ鱨һʱ֪ǿǿɺޡ
Ҵ֪Ҫ˺㣬Ըһ
ĪrĬãСʵ˵ǣ˻᲻Ҳã
Ҫ׶̫ӸϾɱȻҪȥЩ;ɲһ׮һ׮òҪǣ٣Ŀǰ뷨ҪѪɺӡĪrϸ˱Խ
ƴֱɱΣҲὫһΪۣҲҸ˳ļλߣȨ𣬿ĪǶϴ͢һѵҪһԱ͹
ץסһֻ˵񣬿ʵʽҪģǷһƬ֡
˵ЩĪƺûһ˽ĪrĲգһȡ
ȻĪrЦһ׳誵Ĵ
˽ж
һĪr֪課ϲѪˡ
Īr϶Լ誶ǰ޵Ĺ¡
ţⱲٶһЩڻȪ·ϵǧ꣬ҲҲãټ
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ɲŮòҲ÷壬Ҳɪɡ
Ҫʲôȥ˭
ɫ˥ۣڶ
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Īƣòذʱֻ谮񣬵ͷҪԼذס
ǧ򲻸ã㲻ĪʱǾΪ̫ӵ档
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96 
ʮһһнʿʼɫƣոǶֱ
Īr£ǳڽճʱһԲˡ
˽ͷö֮ʣӪⱨһӢ뵽ʲôȥӭź׷ͯգ뷢԰ףһʱʦ
ɷǣӢʦεˣֳַĪrģƼǳԶгڣʱɳصҽ
Īr˫һεҾδڣε˱ͷ룺ȥɣͷӦλزĹ˲ǡ
æε齱һ誰˼Ǿۣһʱˣ˲βűǡ
¾ţĳݣһʱҵ˲ΣʱСүŴˣ
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˻ǺӣÿڶɱأÿոڵỻԷĪǸܴŰٹܡ
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ĪrԶʹ ȴץס˸ʵ 
Ԥʾңг 
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Ǳҩֻ˫ȲУĪrԼĵүΪֹɣһ˫޷ߵ޷ϵ㹻ˡ


97 ´飩
ĪŭĪr֮УֻǲܺϾѾΧס巹
ĪƾȻЦĪҵѪΪrֻи֮ʣǱȱöࡣ
ǶȨ⣬Ҫ̫Ӿɵѹ塣
һ൳ɣҪѪϴˣĪŗʿȥѰҳ̡ŻԼټүԲĪǳƵۣԵλѾԲԸλүԸŹЩңԸӭүǻ
ƵۣҪҲЩĪĪǣ͸ź޵Ҫҡ
ҪңүһͬɱȥӢ֣żѪѴүС
㣡Īɫͨ죬ָĪr۵±٣صĪ֮·
бˡĪrһЦϾʿǾȻǹָĪĪһǲŭ֪ƢԣֻΪǹˣֵã
ʱԶ֣ұ鹬޹Ӱ
ɫһ䣬һ԰˼ͻȻ֮֮ʦɿϣ
ĪƿյбʦͽֻǰϹۡ
˼鹧±δλΣڹУ죬Ҷ˼ؼʱԴ˻һ
õĲѧֶεǺѧʮʮĪԽջ˼ֻһЦǲһүǿġ

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ּʢ裬̫ʵ۴Σ˼и̫游̫游ػ뽫ȵۣȵɼ鳼ɱΡ˵˴˼Цһ鳼ǱˣĪԼ
аУ룬ּʫ
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мˣĪrµǻӣɼʱĿһЦս˵ٹ֮ϽˣƣϾ͵ˡ
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