ҿй
ߣƷа
İ
һԽ˱еڻң
ԭУڻΪɫݷʱֶαг裬һ˿ԡڻҵĽֿ֪
Ѿ廨δ·𿴵Լٵĳ
ܹһ
Ӵˣıƣɽ𺣣߶ӰΪΨһ໤ѵĴڡ
ػλ󣬿ôһƬίԼˡͨ죬ɳƵҪʲôҶӦ
˷ˣа룺ƽˣҪȥ
úŻƽ˵ĺΧ粽С
һӰԾˣ
ų鱩巢ݵת죬һˮ⣬ﲻԡ
ɤίȴ͸һƫִķ辢
ֻܴңһҲߣ
һ죬פأãŻʻػʹ
ڶվʹʥּˡ
ſϵʥּܻо
ָϡ
1.ܿգȫܿգ𿼾ݣ
2.ıһ㣬ŷ硣
3.ϨҶࡣ
4.Ĳø֪
PSCPûκѪԵϵԼϵϵ
ݱǩ ͢ ж ϵͳ 
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣԤգˡ  Ƽģֹǿ404[ĩ]
һ仰飺ҹ
⣺һƣӦκ
Ʒ
Խ۸ԭڻңΪ˹ֻܱϰ迪ʼֺ飬鱾ޱȵĴȴѱݺΪĶΪ˱𣬳ߣӻ̽ʶ飬̫ͬӸλľߣ˳ģһ޶顣ķڶгĬȨı鹹Ӵ󣬾ʾףɫߣ̻ϸ壬Ȼۺÿģһƪֵһļ


1 
޵ıĴУǹ󻡶ȣЦڷһϵе̬ٶôˡ
άһǣһȴǰľˡ
㡭У
׾صĻľӴһ̹ꡣ
˿īȾӨ׼񣬹⿴һֱŤͷΪԼŮ
ǰȷһʮĳ꣬ıɫ㣬ִľɫ
ѣĴԪǰͻȻڵľ̼š
磿㣿ǡΣ
ԡˣĻôʹ̣ôܸʲô
˼Уһߣڳ裬ɱӿеɺ졣
ʵڱȻǧС
ֹסһûиأͻȻһеŮԺ
뱾Ƕӳɹϵͳ
ʲô
󶨳ɹɫݣϺճӣʼɫǿڻҡ
ΪʲôвԤУϤ䷽
ȣ0%˻֣10һ̳δ
˵еĴϵͳˣ
ϲ걻·ѡУ
򡭡ɶHUƟϲð

·üǰС˵
һѪ֮·
ȻϸѾˣ¸ӡһǸԼײڻңо衣
ĶС˵û죬ܿգҲûнָɣǿңƫִ񣬲ݴʶԶǹ
һ׺ڻһķ
ɷ֮ǰҲǴ̫ܳӵԪȼһܹ񰮴£սʵ۳͢Źδΰ
һսۣȴС
̫ӴսȲʤȯȴ̸ȴôϲһе׷ʹ򣬽´ܳʮȫûʬ̫ҲǳսУʬ޴档
ܳǣӭ˿İܾ֣йһֱָǣ֮޲ʬҰѪȾɽӣܳİմѰľʱͲصĻʵսѪݱ
ʵͻȻֻһ׵С޷Ƴ̫飬ٹ֮£ƾٻʵ۵ĵܵӢΪ»ʴܶɹѹء
Ӵ̫ӳ˴ܳڳϵˣ»ʳ˾
־һ֪Ǳݺѵġ
Ե˼߹һ֮Դ䣬ٴγ֣Ѿڻ֮·ʽ
ּǱؾǣһ忪֣ûһһ£ƾǶ̣Ѫֶڸ֮УӾǵʹǰ͢Ū꣬˶֣ŪȨ𽥵߽赲ڲѵŪķֱȵ˻عʱ㣬졣
ͷȥߺڰ߳Ǳһֱ̫ӡ
ˣȨ˳ûԼĻλȷѪĶλ֮ΪӭƽȴجβŸոտʼ
ӴܳĽǶȣӭһΰμҡսԼҡĸңλڼ䣬жԴвĹңûвҲ븩׳ƳԼҵĻôĻôܵĹһΪͬһʱǿʢĵ۹ʷ֮Ϊ
һͬʱȴǱŰ޵룬ƾԼϲŭ޳ɱĴڡʷбΪһ𶼲һˡ
ΪѧӾۼһдһ飬ٻѧ伮ɱվ˵ѧʿһĻеĶϴ
ҲΪһƬ췴Ƭ̣Щ췴ˣʬǵǳǽϱɹʮ겻ء
׵ʤŰɱ׵ܣĸ˹ǿҳ֮ޡ
˸վһ䣬̫󣬵ʦ೯ϳݵλɱ֮
˳߲
Ĳ飬а취һ󻼣ͬһεĺڴܳ˵ͷϣγ˵ӰҲһ˿뷨
ȨΪʵҰģѰҴ̼Ĺߣ֮湻ˣҲˣ˯Ůȴã꣬һѴ˻ʹҹʬǳɻңһ˿ۼ
ܶԼһıйԣһӡ
Ӷ࣬ΪմȾֺ̫࣬¾ۡ

ǵԼⱾĵʱ˵ĸӣ˵ʵȫ̾ǿôƭ˿ɱ˸е̫ˡǰ̫ң̫ݣһȣ˲
߸ԦôṹȨı飬һ˶Կнɫ벻̫飬Ծͼ򵥴ֱĸɫǣҪȻǻͷβıƣɺ϶ϣеʱͷתĪǲ۵
ȻһҪĵ㣬ŮأϵĻʺ󣬻Ǹ߶֡
ȷйܶŮˣ󹬳ӯǻǰμ飬˦˿飬İĽģҲһԴ
У鶼ȫʧˡ
ڣʹԽôһɷƿصǿڻҡֱǵģʽѿˣ
֮УԺĻеŮ
ɾȣɫ֣㽫ȫӵдݡ
뻻磡ʲô綼У
Ц磬κ˶еӣ¶ĵŮˣҳϵ£ĵĳҪʱҲ顣ֻĲҲҵˣ˭ȫΨһĻ·ǻ硣
Էԭ磬ʾԭ磬Ѿ𻯡
ˡɫʵҲС
еŮƺˣֱδ
ڻҹƻʽףˣֹ׺ڻ
ǰĳԺеԭļɢɢĸ֣Դÿһ񾭶˺飬ĽǰһУ
˼ʱ䣬߾˿ʼbuffˡ
үôˣ˶Ūˣģû˿Ҳҩ᲻ðţҲźүүҪСİæϴһǰ׼һ£
еתͷһԲļһһҶƷĹڵȰ˵ȥ
ϣɫĴ죬ĵóƤ͸׵ݳƯһǾ;ˣҶǳ龫µٳˣȻΪŮӻǣӵɡ
ʱɫΪմѪ͸һŰС
汩Ŀ顣
Ϊҩã˿ڣȴһ˫ڵ׵ķĶ
ǴҰޣӺ֮ǣٵľãȻ
ԭĵ׼ֱг鲻죬ǿռ֮󣬱г衣
ҪڱС˵УܵóѣڻҲóˣ͵ҹֱ񹲷ߣ⵼ԭͺڻײһ˿ԣӰȫ衣
ֹ׺ڻ
ýˣ׵ĴֱС
ү˳ɻĿүԤѡ
ǣϣеıӶһԵ˳һޣ鵽Ьϡ
˳һȻۣΪ˽үĹӣ£СĸСġʲôүʾ
˶ôѱүŪҴˣʲôߵ
Ҹݼ䣬ҲǸոսûֻһ׼˦ӺаЦı飬ȫǣǿһ
١үҪҪС͵Ÿүҩ˵һҪõѽ˳Ŷ£ʱί
㻹˵
Ҫ˳ŹˣĲôϸ
ݳԭ׶ӣ˦һӰ˳ŵļҶñֱӴɣΪ㷴˦Լϡ
˵˵¶ԲϣǱүƽʱôҲɳ鰡
˳ȴһľԴǡ
ˣȻˣ˵ǵȱүѧһ𣬾ҸүƽʱЩ죬ҲȻ˵꣬Ͳ˳ŷĻˣֱһʹļ׵ӣӣǰϽһӸϡ
ܣҸǸ˿϶æͿˣȻĴ£ֱףɰȥһƲϵ߰⿪ӡ
һ̧ۣͿӣ챥Ĵ궯˶ǵѪʱԵʮ죬Ͽֶ˫۾
ʱ
ͻȻԺо
Σ棡Σա
лҪ˵
СƤ⣬֪ôҾ͸Σ


2 
ϵͳľ棬ϱܶΣյĹܣ˲̧ͷ֧壬Զ˳顣
ʱԺеľûˡ
ͷ飬ֻ춯˶ֹͣˣüѹͣȻȻĿԼƲݴĶߴʧ˻ᣬջ˹Դȴһν
ͷð亹ѲɸոҧôײУǷ
˳ţϽүɰ£꣬ųЦ֪϶ᣬҽӴ㣬ģҾԲ㡣
˳ͷԵǰ
Ķңκζһûи˳ţȻҪɱֻ˳ŹڻҵȼǱ塣
ҪĽ˳ˡ
Ҫ˵ԭǿڻһ㶼ԩı棬һڻܳɹˣǿ޶ŮߣֱڻҽĶŻĴڡ
ԭּҵĵճӣǰϺĸ游үС»ʵݱ֪ܳ轾ݣ󿰱Ȼӡ
Ǻ游£һӱΪȥϡȻŮҲͷˡúգûã»в̣Ҳھеһ»ʵʴȡ
Ǿ޴Ĵ޷ܣԱúСƵģԽ竷ݣ޷졣
ܸɵóɫҩǿΪԼгľٶ
顯ԭݾùõĺӡϺĹС㣬޸ϱߵĳңҼҵ䣬ҪͶˣϡ
ԭǳսмҩ浤ıòΣʮֱʮ꣬ŵԶе׷ɱ֮Ѿ꣬ʮ꣬ǡú͡顯ͬꡣ
Ϊ顯֮ûǣĳ鳤ʲôû֪
һ·ϣֻʣųݽ˺
ڻ֮Ի֣ҲΪ浤ĸáҩʹ˽ǣò书޷ʹã׾ٵıڻҩܡ
Ҳû뵽绹ܲТ㩣޳ܵԼֵĳ̶ȡ
ҹ˵ĥֱǶĴݻ٣̫ӵ£ĻޣǿƹȴһС֮ǰ۾ʲôĳ޺ʹ࣬һαɽ裬Ǳ˷֣֪ӡ
ҲһνѣĥԣŤĽѡ
ȻΪһŵԵճӣֻǳͷһȥԶһԺӣڸǳţͲ֮
ֻһºʧֱӶļӴ˷ˡ룬ȻֱʣɱֻʱҪİʱѾ侲Ŀ¡
λϺֱӱѪϴֻһ˱Žӵʹҩֽţĥ乬УֱѪ乬ĵ涼ѪȾˡ
Ϊз磬֮˱ȻЩҲڻ

뵽ԭڻҵĽ֣ƤһԷתϧܻľޣֻ֪鱻ǺˣǲԼ϶ҪзˣˣͲԣıʹĥ꣬͵ϳʬٳԺз
޷ܵģϾԼһܶ겡ʹĥģԸֱӵ㡣
˳Ϊɻŵģ޲ǰŸɰ
û磬㵹㣬һӣδǾͶһΣհ
һ˳һֹʲôѸٽ⿪еӡ
ֱһʶ⣬⿪ӣҲˣҲˣոոϵıмĶһƬ

ʵոпһۣȻʮ壬ȴѾǳ˵ı׼̲סԱĴڣҩˣ˷Ӧ͸׳ˡ
ʱĳҲ¶˲һı飬˫ɱڲٶ˿ǽڸǱֻǷĿβ̺й¶鶯ԭɫҲһ㱡졣
ľ滹
⡭ҩ˳ţýҩ
˳ҲӦˣԾǣΪүҪװˣȵүҩˣ˳ˣϵү⡭ûнҩֻܷйүֶˣ㿴
˳ΪԼǵΪƽ˵·ȴһشϵĶˡ
趼ϵС˵·иŮŵľˡôΣҪƨ𣿵ֱİλõҲʱҲʧˣҲûˡ
ûнҩҴ򣡡
˳һҭ
ĥĥ䣬ŭʲôأү˵ˣͲںˡ
˳ɫһףԼүģϽװССˣнҩСȥá
˵꣬˳ܳȥ䷭ҳ˽ҩ顣
Ҳʱ㵽䣬ָµʱ䡣
óڻָֻԾ̱ǿƿ˱ӣָ϶ʱʹСĴָָǴѪŨһѿѪֱ
ޱĿţ˶죬ӣ촽΢΢ſ³һָƬСĴָָס
ʱҩܵʱӲҧԼָףĥ⣬³ļƬȻγһļˡ
ţֻҪܿԼǣһԿμƬĸĺŻܡ
Ǹոգսһ˲䣬ԺҲԥһʼ뷨˳һΪֻϷԾɴŰ⡣Ӧýϴȥܵĳ裬ʱ˳ڣɱˣѣеһлǰԥһ˲˿ˡ
ڡ
鴹۽ޣŨ΢Ľëͬںĳס۵һ˪ס޷Կصɱ⣬һһİ·ϣָƬָ֮䣬ڵİ裬һһŲȥ
ʱƲⲽԱߵ˳̲סſѯʣүǲﲻ
Ųһ٣˳ɻ飬֪Լֵ̫쳣ˣĿ֣϶СĵάԼ衣
ϾǴ飬ҲǹŴᣬһûзʧ䣬ûôı裬Ǳ˿϶Ϊаˣпܡǽݲͼ֮ġ
ͷҵĵ
Һƽʱ壬һ˵˳ֻͻıע⣬Ҷʡ
һͼݵӰ˳ͷ񣬡磬ʧˡ
ǸһϽͬͷ͵ĺ޲ñȶԷһԭ£ұ֤ԺԲᷢ
ûͳļκҡ
˿̵ı飬ܸоһϵѹڡ͵˵Ųң˵Ѿ֮ôˡ
ľûǣȫֻһˡ
ֵԽ裬͸оԼСԽס
£岻ʣҪиˡ
Ͻڵ״̬޷Ի̫ãо˵һ䶼ǸԼһ
黺תţҩԻûȫ·ȣڱҹУȹʯ·һһǰУӰȻԵЩ
ųǱ뿪ɵһ¡
ԭ죬ݣȴ
һССͷɵ΢һģڻԭƺҲȫ޺ôֹһ㷢ϡ


3 
ȳ뿪˳ţҪһ˴ţúһ˼·
ԭ飬ޣֻܴԭļ֡ڼ̳ԭ䷽澹ȻҲ⡣
ϵͳΪʲôԭļô飿
ϵͳѾȫ̳ԭļ䣬ûгκιϡ
ǾˣúõһˣΪʲôɵһģȱһȱһ顣
ҪһΪʲôһúӷҪͶݹ¿СܹȥȫҲԭ
ԭҵļ˵飬ӳԭһ˫ֱֶжд̡ԭҲVIPƷ
Ѳɼ˼ҳñ˧ԭǴ䣬ȻţŮûоԲڼʺÿˡѧıãǺǣԭѧҪǺ޵̫ˡ
Ǽɫ⣬ʾ󱻾ܣ߳ŭҲԣϾԭ۸ôһɥĲļƻģȫҪԷ˼
˼ʶˣͻȻӦɵΪʲôҪһԭڻҵ߼ڻҵĴڲΪѶȣΪ汻·ڻҷһȻҪ޵̵ġ
ڸùĵԼδأԺðϵͳ
ɣɫΪڻҡһ̳ǿ
ԭǿֻ
ǽӲĳ˳飬ҲûкõȥûɴĽɫλԤʾδСѱҪƺĹϵҲǺѵģǸأˣҾԼ򹷱ȣҪҪʱҲǷַӵ¶̫Զ̫ΣգѰ찡
һʱûͷֻоνϵͳˡ
ڼʶʱ򿴵һ棬һʾϢ˼һ㡣
Աʮ꣬175ܳ160
160
ʶ룬Ͻҵڵľգţһֱƫݵͻδܹ֡ʵĸо֮ǰȻҲое㲻һƣУûʶԼӣһֱΪֻǴԽ֢ڿžеԼˣԭ֣һܲ
˫۰·࣬Ų鸡߿˾ͼϢ͵ĸ󲡣ü֮仹ܸһ֮С
ɱٵĵϸһһһģһֱڼסԺ֮ݵû뵽Լֱӵһ档
ʣҪʣȥûᣬһҪĽУ
һЩݣһע⵽ˡ
Ů
ԭҲˣҺһûǿƣҲһ죬ɣڹŴ̸Ȣϱء
ٿмһϵͳݡ
ɫһѾΪڻҡ滹нһֻ˿ͷһ㡣
ݸոյĻ֮ɻ᲻ϵı仯ɫν
ѯϵͳɫλʲôá
ϵͳ˸ڵȫйأɫĶԺ켣һֱڻң˾ȣδļҲһߡ
Ȼ𾴣ⲻھͶ̥ѡԼ֮ǰΪδõĻ·ȻҪŬ
ڶǾ1%
ѯϵͳǲǵȵ100%Ҿͻˡ
ϵͳǵġ100%ǻ˳ǻΪֹȱ仯˸ʱйأҲɶйء
˲ġϵͳģҪԭĴ֣ľսһˡ
˻10֡
ףһ·򿪽ұߵĶһ̳ǣƷȻעŻ֡
ӦþԽʿĽָˣҪúÿʲôõġ
Ѹôҩ裿ƶҩꣿ
ǰ涼һЩִҩʲôðҩҩֲߣǵĴԽ߲ӦŴ򣬻û߳ͱƨˣṩִƷ
Խ󿴣Խ棬Щϰǧֵҩ裬·ħϢ治ѡ
裺100ø裺300裺500
ԼܻҪø裬ιԼ㣬˵Сױסٺ١
һҪĻ֣ٿԼĸɱ˻˲εĿˮϵͳոôûн֣
ϵͳʱ͵ڿ̳ǣ֮лֽֿһϵͳ̳Ʒʧܻ۳ֵ֣0رʾЩضʧܻᵼ¾ͣͣ͡ע⡿
ң֮ǰΪֻǸйأɹʧⶼû뵽Сҹ10ֿ׻һͣʲô˼
ϸ룬֪ҪϵͳͶˡ
ΪֲҲûϸȥԼʲϵҩ裬ʱоôˡ
ոջһֵңǾǵԼΣյʱϵͳʾǸĽָˡ
Ҳ̰ģ»õ֮ͨѡϧԡʱԶ죬Ӧһݡ

Ϻһ壬ΪͷĸֵδּңһӼʮ˶ס洫լԺСլӺܴ󣬸ҲǹԼ¶
ϴ̳˰Ϻľλְڹܵ»ʵã϶ҲòһӶٵģڲ͸и㡣
Ϊճӵںֵܽбӵ޿ɶҡλΪҳ£ںĴ΢
ŴһǸĸһԵģʱ˶ЩӦĿϾƽʱȫģ˵ٴζûá
ȻûֵĹ񣬶ǱŤŤҪ衣
֮󣬾ꡣһӵľʳﵹǱǰĲŷóԶˣҲҶԣڿʼѾҪʳˡ
Ųɫ۵̲סڵ̫ѧݼ٣ô磿
ˣˡһ˵ӣǱСһԭ˾̬ȣԶԷҲϰΪ
ѵöô磬һɡЦſڵ
ڣһŮĲ룬пոһ鰡
ѭȥһϽ°ȹ˫٣üĿɰŮֻǴʱŮŲεᷳĿ·ӦһƵġѾͷȴĵޱ
Ա߻һװŮޱ֣СȰĽ㣬ô˵һͦõġǰɣ硣ãŮ
ϺϥŮӣ㣬ޱһĸͬϵѾޣùϵõͬãȴΪƽʱɺ޵Ķãöùϵһ㡣
ŶҾͲˣ⡣ֱӾܾ̫裬ʱҲ޲ϵ
бҪæ𣿡Ц׷͸һɽ˷ܵĹâ
ɵĿҪ˵ͻȻϳעǼСһֱߴߴԾͿѯ
˵ʲôأϺڵ
ɳԼһ飬ҪæԸͬһ𡣡
⻰˼ûһȴܸоﲻԡ
һʱûзӦڸλϵĸҲСˣ첻źúö飬ʲôæģΪӣǵ治Ӱ𣿡
ϺҲصķ¿ӣѵߣ֪ɥ־ǰЩոշãûгѵ̫ѧĿ˾ͻῪʼʱ޷ѡӰһֱøҹţʡĳŶǺ
ʲôû˵أЩôæŸˣ֮ǰԼûϢйٹ̵ġ
үϢŭȻģֻ־ڰϺߵĸڣ߷·ڸƽ궯գң԰æ̫ѧһֱֲֻҪܵϰҲͶǺ


4 
»ʵǻ֮󣬸ڻӿҵĵʦѸΪ̫һְڻʵ̫ѧһڣżѧǽΡ
̫ѧȻǴܳӵܣʵ۾ͨ˵ĺӾʸ
Ϊҵ͹ϣ۵ճ̫ѧŪһ̫ѧԴǡ
ԭУһοˣʱԭѾ̱ڴѹûвμӿˣֻͳɹͨˣӵˡ
ҪҲΪĿģҪȥ̫ѧ飬˳Ľ顣
ܵȻӵܵҫϾǽӽѻᣬҲɶϼδĻѧҪȿֺıԼټӵ̫ѧԼżҲ̫ѧԾŮѧǶⲻޡ
ͰϺ˵ȫԱ
У̫ѧǰѧУǶͷѧԣǵ׵ѧ
ĸϣװϺÿμҵӶһ
һŮôһ˵ﻹɿҲ΢ܰοһǵġ
ȴΪתͷŮˡ֪ǲǱӰ죬ܸоһ
ˣϺɵĹ檣ĸϵŮԭҲֻһͨңһһŮݵλǲֻɣĵúү谮ºүͨһҲûܳ衣
ԭѹסҲ֪ݲΣҳ֮󣬾һֱڲ齣̧ˣƿӭӦȨ˶һˡ
˳ۣһţȻͻᱻ̧ޡ
Щź״ԭĶУŭԭ˱̧ӱӣݵλҪδĺү֮λ͸ûаˣưӣô⡣
ԭԼĸ౧ԹΪҵѹԼԲڴƼҴȨΪԡֻÿ֮ԿĶԼˡ
ţȻǷĵġϺͷǶ⣬תͷռŵͷ۾۾ӲǱҲѧѧ
䣬룬ˣΪά󲻱ֱװòͷӣҪߣҲ˰뱥ˡ
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ոջһޱˣŵ㡭˵ѣ֮ǰûĸסĸ׵ڣһҪ͵ܳȥ档
ϾҲΪĸԲڴʱ̫öľˣȥĸףĸҲȥ¹˲ȥˣһֱТ˳ôȥĸס
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˵ţſڴֵ밲һӴ潣ŵա
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⻰һ˵꣬ʱ˶оնһ£ȴģոջЦɵǹ˲䶼ںڣҭ˰ϾǸոһ϶ܶ϶ʲô£˼ȥТġ
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ﲻζֻĿŰϺһ뿪ޱɫǺ졣
е㲻һأɻ˵
Ӧʲô·Ѫɡĵ
ǵȶ翴ĸ֮ǻҶһ𣿡ʵ
ŲҪΪʲôҪޱҧҧвޣܸоƵģҪҪҲȥĸף뵽־Σֻܵȥˡ
ǡ磿Ҳϲ顣
ȴȶĸǱ߳һУϾ׶ˣǲܲж硣

լԺгĸסԺԺӣԿóӭȢʱ򣬰Ϻǳʮ㡣
ϸʱ͸оﾰ¶ȱ𴦷ḻ࣬Ƿ·ûдһϸ͸©ŷܣ͸ĲһſήϢ
߽Ժ䣬˴ǵĶֱͦҲûɡϺһз·ѾϰΪ
ɫĹ۲һŽҡ
ƹһ۾ͿһŮɫƽڴӭϣһ򵥵ķ٣һ̶īڳ˳䣬پ£ıԵùʮ㣬ȻѾ꣬Ծɿɼϡ
ոռһȣ˵ԵЩǰλеʵˡ
ֻϧƣʹǿ¶ЦҲ˿̾Ϣ
ĸ밲ĸװáе㲻ζλ˻˶ˡ
ԭУԭ̱ڴһº͹ˡ
ǲ𣿡Ȼô˵ǻǿƲסˡ
⺢ѵТġϺЦ˵оô
ȵϺ˵ʱŸоķΧԣӸոտʼһ۶ûпϺֱڣŵͷлүģһжá
ϺҲеΣ˵䣬˵Ҫϳ뿪ˡ
С˵ԭĲûж˹ϵԭҲȱ۵ģ֪ĸϵΡ
ֻڰϺʱźүıӰĿ͸˵Թܿĸ׾ֿʼֹġ
㿴ûϢõӣûкú˯ԷҲҪʱĸûչ㣬ǧҪ˺Լһ˵һ߽ץס˫֡
˫ݼǵ֣Щݣĸ׵ĹУҵȫͬһ˿ůĵĸо
ҲһζİһøС
û۸ãûиѿǱûʲôϢЩʵ
Ȼ˵áҲ׹ǺԼʧȥ֮Ǳ۸
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΢΢һ㶣˵飬ϵȷȥˣǸûнЩֻ˵곯ʳû뵽ֻȥ˼ҵĶԻһҪվ˵ĻŻ˳£һô֡
һ֪ΪʲôˣΪּԭ˵ʱĳԽŭӣ϶־Ϊ˹״
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ӣȻǱˣǱ۸ıˣΪĲã㶼ѧˡ
Ϊ˲ѡԭǽߵӣҲ̵ĸйء
㿴ûڣүС㶼۸ģһܷҪúˣܻˡֻҪڣǵճӵͷϡүƫģҲԽ񷨡ָϽʱȰ
࣬Ҫҵ㾫ȷԲ˶ԸáȻɫһˡ
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ûϵģֲǴȾģ㣬Ҳ㣬ҾһԿҲС
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飬үһᣬˡ
ŵһμôТĵӣ˶ЩӦ۾ͮͮģֹס˵ãֲţ뿪ǿ񣬵ûоˣǾ˸۸ˡ
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֣ĸרſĴǸڴڡ԰ҩ𣿡ʵ
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ˣūһˡ
һʱ䣬ҩʵʮϸȷĲ֢״ֻòҩ޵׶ϵͳ̳ҩҲ˵⡣ҲֻźĽʵ
أ˳ž֪ͨϼ磬ϺÿһʱͻȫҾһԷûȥ·ˡ

үūѾѳүסԺӷˣ˿϶ڣûӶүԺӳūǿ϶ûпġ
㱨ææȥĸϡ
ĸˡ鲻ˡ
˵أɻôˣ
ѾʹŷˣԴͬһû뿪ǽѾһˣڸ䶼ˣûҵ顣
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ˣˡ˶ԺӡΪϵãҾ;϶ڶԺӣûȥڡĸ֮ǰһֱ鲻ԸͿ԰ڴɡ¡
ѽǡͻȻɫֹʾһ¡
˲䷴Ӧ˵Ӻзãòǡ
Ͻȥҿ
аôǿƣ½Ժš
Ҳǣһˣ֪ɾ͡˵Ȱ
ȴ΢䣬˼һԴǡﶼδˣô࣬㸸׿ˣȥ㸸ףֱȥš
ͬʱڻ·ͻȻԺо˾
ע⣬Σգٲȡж



5 
ΣԤ
ʲôҲ˵ˣƶأھУæȥˡ
ЧӦÿΪӰΪıδĸı䲻ԭķΧͻӰƶɡ
ҸıδǺǻҲǲ𣿣죬Σģ
֪ǲϵͳ֪ˣһûнƱ磬ǺĵģΣѶصġ
ǲǷϻûأҿֱʬˣƨ
ٸңզˣòǡ׷ɱɣȥҲðż
֪
Ҫã

òԺӣȴûзˡ
Ҳ˰ϵͳľֻǾȵ֤һ͹ˣƿѡһʵƷϵȴˡ
ԿԶܣһһ֣׼ȷҵλá
Ϊʲôһ̶ֱϵĸоʵ˵ϵͳǲ־ӵҵĻ֣븨ָɡ
Ƿ
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̡Ҫյ40ˣ˶ãջ˰ɡ
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һΣܲɣҩȻôǽ⿪˴ЧǻȴǽҩҩЧ˲ø޷ֿڣҴ죬ǹ˰ڴϵãۼһ𣬲һӲس
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Ҳû㶮ʲôʲô֤ԭĲ˵ҹలֳʲô۶ӣ
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ԼԺ£ȥѵҲ˷ˣɲ̫ãһȥˣҴ򰡡
ݵú֣Ϻɫŭ
硭ԼԺӣǸˣڳϻüǴ»СһԷŰϺһصȰ˵ʲôһ˶ڵģֳǡ
ҶˣΪƷһЩζˣתֿϺףûκ֤ݣҽʹ˳ԼճӵԺ䣬ǲǲ̫Ϲذ


6 
ĸүѾȥˣЩġһ飬ǡϵڡ
ҲסŹⲽŮôһӣһ̣ˣʲôŮ飬ҶҪүıѡǰϺԲҪļ̳ˡ
˶ʱһƴסûʹǵǡֻôһӡѵҪøүȻԸġ
ϺЦһ˵ֵģүҪȻҲֱȥǻСӵԺȥϾҶ֪λŲ˶ˡ
û뵽Ȣǳ鷳ԼĶӺүͣƶҪү﷣һ¸ˣĵճӣѧֱ֣ɫֱ͸Ͳöĸ۲Ĳ
ԼҲĬģʵѵǴ֮ãá
϶ԼŮȻƫģǴСߣ۰϶ҪΪǴ㡣
˻һûӦĵϵˣҲһˣүδãҶȻǲɵġ
з磬ϷݣĴͲˡ
ֻҪ񣬲űҶһֻ۱һֻۣϾϷڴܳҲǹڵġ
ֻǸҼ̳ȻԸմȾδģá
һϺըˣƽʱһЩĵľˣȻצ쵽ԼϣһҪǰϺľͻˡ
ʣϣָ׵Ųԣ
ƽʱ̫ΪԼˡ
ôԩ㣿Ϻ𳣳ǵȻŹɶµˡ
ôֱ׳ӣֱҪЦˡ
磬ۿԺӣû
Ŷ˭ˣҵҪ˭ӡάڳһ첻µزµ
ʱͿһСվ˳ūпģ·Ϳ˳żŲܶĳүˡ
Ӧ죬ҺܵԺԶܵūţκ鶼˳··ܸƼɺϵɶŰ
ūֱӱ˵ˣһʱ䲻֪ηӦҲһʱûзӦʲôʱԴӦôˣ
ո˳һۣһ𾪵ӣˣ˳ӦĺΣᱻ˷֣Ҳ֤ˣһʼ˶š
ˣԭһֱ֪ԭҪƳ飬ԭӦҲŵĲŻᱻ֣ڹΪЧӦһǰˡ
¶ˣȷʲô֪͵ŻץأԭҪȳ鱻ڵĲεʱ˵󣬵ϿúõˣҪȥĸףЩ죬ǾͲסǰҷˡ
ϺҲɵӣͻȻôһ˵ʱɣ߸Ҫתʱ򣬾磬һūţǶˣĲˣףһңҲܷġ
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صߣִͷóһɫķ
˭ģΪʲôᱻץУ˷ĲԾǱҳ
Ȼ󡭡ɱ
ʱѹԺūŻĵȴϢɫѾ׺ˣϺѾѹˣһ߷Լĸ࣬ĴȻڲƭ˼ңôĵӡ
үǵģ֪ģūšû˵꣬ͱصĴڵء
ףūŶȻΪǰʱıҲƭˡֳôһǺ飬ԩ˶磬ūš
Ϻ΢˶٣ŭūţϳȥشʮ巢ȥˣ¶͵ˣ׼ˡ
үūţү
һʱˣǰŭūŻҧˣţҾúõĴ򣬸ү
ϺҲĬ˵Сĸˡ
ף㲻˵ɡϷ죬Ц˵
ɫ΢䣬ڵˣǰǰ˵̧һžߵϥǣֱӰ߹
Ҿͽô򣡡
ҫѹ費ܱҲ


7 
ҽһֱ˫ϥأ۵ǽһ죬ƽʱеĻ׻ֻʮͣһ˲ըˣ
վֱӲСȣһһã160Сô
Ӵһ綼ˣֱҴʮЦֱӲҽſڵء
˴ţ˹Ҫƿ
ϺҲ
ŭĵˣҪʲôȻܣ㵱Ƕ˲ɣ
ҿû˲ңҲˣܸôӣҺ͸׿һʼ˵õģˣҲҸɲɰ
Ϻ˲䱻һ£ΪܺŪȥȻûˣοǵء
ʲô飬ǸūŵĴǨŭҪֵǽôŹŭ
ģūҲܵģָ֪ܰӵأ
ôôܣ
ĸҪƽܰңҺ
涣˵ֻǹıܣֳĵˣѵڲùļ㲻ǸˣȴƫƫĵܵܣʲôԳ
ӴˣҶʲôõôĨ𣿡һ˵ţһưɨˣɫ˲ˣЦŵĸףƽʱȻЩǲɵңҲѵһ£Ժôں㣿
ɫͷףһʱ侹Ȼûһ˿ڡ
ѹɫǵͨ졣
ˣʲôܣҲ˵вƺ𣿡Ϻһ
Ϻϲ˵ʲôճĻ⣬һֱֵһͬʣԭ裬ǳϲ⻰˺ġ
ⲻµܸܵ㲻ԼĶλ𣿡ߵ
Ѿҧгˡ
ѾˡϺʲôҲˡ
ûϴأ˲˴վ
ӲҪԩңͷϿۣôϡҲɵϴǻ˵ֳѹˣǾͲ֪ᴫųʲôˡ
Ҷˣһڸģټ
ַ˲ҽеӣ
Ҫ˭Ҷ֣ȶȣҹҾ͸ɴ಻Ҫˣҿܲʵɣǽһ˰׷ѹ򡣡
һֱ˳ҲϽӡǵһμôգǷָգֱ׳ĸգһ˿·ӣ̫˧ˡ
ϺûпڣҲ
үֱǰڰϺǰ˵ĴҪҵԩ
˵ıüֱӵô˵Īǵɵӣ뾩κһ嶼һ۸ӵͷϣȥҲ˳ЦǰϺ
һ仰˲һ߶ȣˣǰϺʲôǴףûǰϺɾĻñ˳ЦϺˡ
ϺϧˣȻϡŮȴġ
ŰϺѾʧȥǣѵӣ˿޿ݰί׻ƵЩ
ʱſڴֵ
ū澸ѾŴ£ʺүǷ񲻷㴦ǣԳ
Ŷһ¹ף˶⾲
ϺһڰЦ岻ãòͣѾŪˣʶ˲壬ֱ治ԩΪֳ¹Ǹ˵Ͷһۡ
۾ˣίУȻһֱǰƵλܹίףԩ
ôҵĻˣϺջ飬ȻҲӱˡ
˵ʲôȴ˶ҡͷˣĸ׶ˣ˵ʲôֻԡ
ˣɿ˽ţNɪվǰʤĹʵ
ͼ΢Ĳͷˣƶҧ˰ɣŵͷ磬Ҵˡ
ʲôû壬ŮôС
侮ʯˣĿġ
̲ס˱ᡣ磡Ҵˣ
⡣
Χ񣬰ȵİ˷ţͳȥֲˣôǵǰˣϴ⣬ǰŸֳͷôûˣ
˲ÿˡ
үûˣ֪ίԺٸҶԸ㣬ֱͺáǰ
ˣҹ˵ĺԼĸ׿϶ڵģϽȥĸװɡ
οĵͷת԰Ϻ뿪ȻոյĻҲ˵Ϻġ
ʱϺɫӵĿԼĶӡ
еģԼԭӦǴһЩŰ޷ûйصӻѧͦġ룬͵ңĪҲңϾո˵ʲôʲôȫûһҡ
ϺõָΪ
ҡЦ
Ϻ̾һˣίˣպƾ޾ݵ鲻ٷȥʰһ£ȥԼɡһˣϳ𡣡
Цԭԭȵ˴bossƽˣƻưƽľǶĸˡͿǶĸӵˡ
ʱһֱڷ䲻ĳ鿪ˡ
һǰȻ֪ô£𣬻˾𷣡
ˣ޹ءϺ
̬ȴԽ˾ʴȲңҲܲԼԽգƪʮʡ
Ϻһ£ҪܾǼͷ͵ĸˣΪĻֲ̿Ͼ£⺢ҲǶһЩģ۵⺢Ӿ̫ˣˣɡ
һԿϷȻֻ֪ǽڣ˰ˡվվȵӣȻȥʲô硣
Ϻ˵ߣ鹪Уֻʣ˳š
̧ͷ
һڵͬʯһܸоʮֲڣȻˣҾͲˣллϡ
лæͻȻڵ
һ㶣ԼҪ飬˸߲ҵ׼Ӧ£̧һǺڳ۵׾Ȼ͸һ˿Ŀβȴ´һ˲䣬Ҳ֪ʲôܣȻڵʲôæ
һ΢΢ͷɻǶһ𣿡
ĪĿ־壬ǰ̬ã΢ܵλ̫ˣо
ƾǶɵɴɱҲŹԸԼĪڳһʧȥʶһʱڣ
ͻȻéٿоһˮƵġ
Ȼı˵Լ𣿡
鲻䣬Ūˡ
û£ҾˣЦϽ˳ߣоֻҪ߾ѹʮĴ
ֱ߳Ժӣ˿
үոճү˵Ĳ𣿸ﲻϣ˳ɻ
û˵ˣ²𣿡
˳һĪո˳žôһĪ¶ڳǰġ
ʵ۲˳ŵı顣
뿪ʱ򣬳߸Ųֻзûзͷϡ
黺ջߣԺţ߻ڣЩ˴ϣóǷ
ɱӣǵЦѾʧıһֱߣգ˿ȴЩ
Цһ૵ҵˡ
Ƹԭ֪ЩͬҪ˽һ˻ǲ½ۣո־磬һֱڿһצļһǰȴںƵġĪ֪ʲôȵˣţ൱ɣҪ취ˡ
Ѿʼʲô취ɱˣָȴһ£ͷһոͶ룬ѷָϣֻҧָ׸ǵָ֮ǰһֱûдȴúõİš
Ժһ˲һ
Ҫʹɱʱһ
Ǻܿ죬ҡһͷǵһһ취ԼҪʱ䣬ڳ֤
Աڸ㶨
лҪ˵
ΪҪʱȴҪʱôɱҡ̫ˣo(ini)o
飺׼ɱŵһ졣


8 
ȥһ·ȥ
ʱ򣬶˶ˡ
ԭֵķΧȴʱ𽥰
һȦôˣĳЩӺְܺߣûһ˿Ϸ
һ䣬ŮΧĸϺ˵߶ŰĭȻǸոڼ˵ʲô˻ᡣ
ұһ䣬еСΧɫѿ񣬹
ĺԿԴη塣
Ӻۣŭµ͵һۡ
ΨһɹҲֻޱˡ
Ĺĵģһ˫۶Բˣʲôزݵ顣
а̾ԭڼе˼ʹϵʹǸСҲһԮСЩûϵҲ˶ѹ
ǵı飬ϳϷĻᣬתȿϯ
ӵĶ壬ĳǺãÿһĦȭ׼˵䣬͸ոſһȣֻܿıӰһû
ǿҲù֣ϾһӮˣӦŶԣһ鷳̱ˣһȴô޷ӡ
Ϻû£ѵһΣ˶ˣɡ
˷׷߹ʱһȳһգ˷Źġ
ĸףµ¹⣬㳢Ϻ̫̫˳ʾá
ȴûˣûζ
ôһ˵˭Ҷӣɵ߶תףȴһصԹԳԷû˵Ļ
¸ˣûζˣΪθڻôãУֱӵЩһ㶼ںϹͷˣͲʲôԲˡ
⻰˵ֱû¡
Ӷڸ֮ǰĶԻܸоﲻԣ㷲ģ˼˵
ͻȻⱻ˺ݺݵĴһ£عޱʺš
ĸ˵ޱֱҪԼûĸˡ
Īתͷϣɫˣɻĸ˵
ϼҧûС
ŶӦһתͷޱˣĸûҡ
ȫ˷ʱ򶼲ɵͣס˿ӣҳַˡ
ޱˣĸˡ
һĪӣΪʲô
ΪޱһҭΪ㰡
ңʲôˣ
֪ʲôˣԼû𣿡
΢΢һЦޱ͵汿׹ôϣʲô׶ȻᷣҰȻûܷǾ֤ʲôûôĸأ
һ˵ţһÿӼһ¹⣬Ҷûȴ˵ĸҵ˵ĸǷǲ֣ĸֵǷǣҴˣˣǾǱ˵Ƿǲ֣ŲĸǸ׶ǷֵǷǵģã˵ˣʵĸûΪ϶˵ء
һλƿƵģǰ˶˵ɵˣ϶ĿɿڴˣʵһֿϷԤн϶ᱻϷʰһ٣ڶʱоô˵Ǵ
ΨһԷĻֱʧ㵱ʧ̬̬ס°ס񣬶ֱ볡
˶ĳԷûٸ£һθܵһַʽĲǡ
ԵĲ࣬صԺоͿʼڻȦܣԺӺܴ󣬻Ⱥܳʺܡ
Ϊ˱˿ͻȻת䣬Ժźˣ˳ţ˶Ҫǰ°࣬ǸøȥԺС
Ȼû֤Ǹҿ϶˵ߣҲ鷳
˳ſˣүʲôأ
ʣ
˳ţүǷ
ˣȥʱĿҵҴῴһϢҪ̫ѧˣʲôҪ
˳ֱӹ򵹣үôˣūŰ
ͣ´ֵܶ۵ùǺʵڲϲֱصĸо
飬Ҳˣı䣬үδ˻ô
˳һ㶣үǰϺĵճӣñշģ￴ˣЩвʣҲǶġ
˳Ÿҫˣ͸ⱳΣҲһֱ˺ıʾĳ˵һɱϺҲδؿ͸ֻѾʼ̳ˣԶԽӲӶˡ
ΪΪıʵѾԨˣȻˣȻŻ֮ҸڹŴ޷ݵģҲУҪһ̶ϵԱ
ԭµĵ̫ˣλ᧿Σֲ̫еӣѧʶ͸ӲˡЩһһץС
˳ţϺĵճӻδӣôãΪʲô
˳һʱ䷴Ӧ
ĸ岻ãǵĴԣҲɡ
˳Żһ
µշҲǿĸӣڶ࣬άֶء
˳ûдֹۣٹ飬ʼүģǺģ㡭
үҪøãҲҪһ㣬ΪʲôҲᱻҵͷϡ㶮ɡһִȻ޷˳ϰ͹ϵ˳˵ô࣬ҲΪ֪˵ȷǶԭҵĴڣϣһŵùˡ
û뵽Լ˵ĻЧôãСֱ˵ˣһźＤŸж˾ջүū˵ô࣬ūšūһģʲôūŶ֧㡣
ǰԭ˳Ǹ߸ϵģȴôƽ׽ˣΪһūȻʮָж޲øͿأһҲͲںӶ಻ˡ
߸˳˵˵ĻܲҲˣһʱⱿصҲ޷Ӧǿ̫˶Ūϴһ裬ҰĦһͿʼ鼮е֪ʶ㣬˽һѧϰĿܡ
ȻǰʱסԺѧϰ󼸺ϣѧϰɼǲġ
ֻǹŴģЩҪĶܳ£͸Լһѧϰƻһдͷʼ
ҹڶһʱ䶼鷿ԡʱж顣
³˳Ȳ裬үүѶտɻҪȥͥ¥
һ£ܿͥ¥ɶһ飬ȥ
˳žһ˲үҲˣôͥ¥ȥˣﲻһүС
˳ŲСĵϷϾүҪȷһ£һȴԼүͻȻɫף亹ֱð
ү㡭ôˣ
ûȳȥɤӣֶ۾סɨŴ
ԺеľԽԽ١
ˣѵԼĲ
ö˶˵ģڣôͻȻϵͳͷΣվˣŸոҪҪôմ̼ͷ
㲻ɱ֮Ϊ֮ǰǺ
ϵͳ
ϵͳѾΪԾȷʽֲԿκԾģʽнȡ
ѿˣ
Ե𵼺Ҫǲ
һ֣ͷָոԡľҴ
ǴһС϶
Ӧþ
˵û书ôɱʵ벻ͨ
ڸôȥ𴩣Уһһ򿪴ԷֳɱҪǲϸ𣿻߸Ͻ룿
žҪߣǿˣ軹ûл·
Ҫֱӹͷ
оԼҪڷˡ
үү

үôɫѿҪȥһɾūſ԰ڻø˷ֵġ˳Ϊһѧã᲻СģԲôᣬĵ˵
һɱ֮ǽһްȥʲôȥҸûȺãģĲϲ˰
أ˵һԺеľȻͣһ˲Ȼ
һ˲ϣ
ᵥΪԼˡ
Ȼ˵ǣʱǰֿƺµӣʵȴֿԼںƣ޷ﵽ˵ĿġԳѡʱͷǽˡ
֮ǰԭʹ죬ʱͲ֣ԭˣȻҪֶοܾɱ
Ҹϲˣ¸ҵ˵ˡ
ǲǰ˳һţԺеľҲûб仯̫ۡ
үòϲϳү˰ɣ˳ѾַҵһĽͣҪãȥСģ̶ԼϲˣΪϲϳү֪֮ݲйĽԲìΪ
оΨһĽˡ
ʻȴֱߡ
˳ţүĻ
һ룬ȴͻȻ仺ˡ

㡭ôô룿Ȼȴԣʲôĺ׵롣
ϴҪˣһ޿ɽү㱻۸ˣҲˣȴˡ
˵ˣļٵĵūҿǿˣȥʱúõģֶˣ϶;˵ġ
֮󣬳ү㾹ȻϣǲЮͼūŷǿˣδһСһǸЩ˵һˡ
תţΪԺеľȻԽԽ͡
ɴһѵԣûҾϲ飬ϴΰҾͶˣϲ᲻˺ҲǿҲ֪֮Բܷʲôֻúõػ
Ͳ
ϲ
ĳ飬ʱѾסˣе¨ӣް
лҪ˵
Ұװģ


9 
ģ
̫ӵ׷Ϊ֮ˣһʧȥһУڶ񶨵ˣòҲһŪһֱΪҲɫ֮ͽȴһı
Ǽһģ
ոԡͰУ־֣֮ȷй˵ĺۼĽڰԲֱԵЩͻأ
ǵȥʱ˵ģ
ǵãֶǼɽѨУҲʹ˼
үܵһ۶۴УˣȴΪˣ
뵽鶼ûƵЦĵز
ԺֲǵȻ˵Ļ̫СİȴİϤĸܡ
µ񣬻˻ôָоΥˡ
ϵļƻһ˿ȻոյĻԼûʶй¶ʲôܣʲô֪һ˶˼ģҲŻӦԾ󻼡
ֳܵͬɫӴ£סеĸ֮ɫָ˵ĵطٴδʣͷ˿õָһ¡
Ϣʧˡ
ԺеľûзֱϢı䣬֤Ѿ뿪
ڴգһ
˳ţҵĸǣָһ·
̧һȴ˳Ǻﾫһصӡ
ү֪ĶģҲðô΢ɡūŶԼˡ˳ֱˣΪԼ̹࣬Ȼġ
ʾ⣬ͺñһֱݴеĻСͻȻһ֦ˣǿȡˣڳľԵ裬κһʼı顣
ˣҲ˶һ˵İԼҪˡûгҲӲ
ΣȹҲ򵥵Ĳ²һ£ǻûȫڻԵʣԻһİĽˣˣʾ⡣
ܴӴħ¼һδֳϣ֤»ûôѣȻԶ䣬ǻһ˿ԣǱҪɱֵġ
϶ǱĵˣǼһһֱδһðԿԼֱˣ˵ܽԴϲֱֵء
ΪԼĳ㣬˳ŻһȰ˵ӣҲøϹֱӰֵͥ¥ǲȥˣȥϢɣҲˡ
˳ֹʵ˵Ĳͥ¥飬һȫûӣֲҶǸˣֻʱ¡
ҲˣҲ̫ϲһ˰ɡ
˳֮󣬾ȥؾūţո׼ȴ˽һ
˳Ťͷһԭźүˡ
˳Ŵ磬ү¶˴֣Σһ˵үԼԺӣүû𣿡
ǰ˳ŸҩܵļҶ
ûɣǼү˵ˣԺҪ𾴳үȥСź򡣡
⡭ôɰһүҡɫѿ
㲻Ūô֪µ֣ͼװ·ͳɡ
Ҳǣµʮ̲סĵûɣ
㣬Ȼ͸ˣѵǶүҪɡ
СĲ˼ٺ١˳Ŵģպү˼СıܼϡϾźүҲǹӵĸ֡
˳΢΢ü˵˼ѵūţ֪үһֱܺãզ֪ҳϻأԺٶԲסӣҼүһɣסˣö˵ڰ־ˡ
˸ЦȴܿԭΪֻҪү³үԼҲǰүˣܱһֱźүĺá˺ʲôãûλûǮǲãһöүٶ࿴ү˵׬һΡ
ٵİ취صԺӣڶ飬ϽƤЦĽȥ밲үū̽׻ˡ⼸չÿɺá
Ƶĵƻӳڳϣһ㶬ůĳȹ⣬ͬ·
ò˵үɲҲҪռгүҲ֮УϾүѵһĿݡ
ǲϲ˵ҲɵĻıһɲǿǵתͷ͵Цʱһ˲侹ȻֵĲӣԺлᡭ
е̰׺͵ãȥ졭

ڶһ磬ĸţ˳źͶ־ͼææϹˡ
ү˳ɫɷ׵ˡ
ںĴ壬żһʵǶֵʦڵ顣
˳ıŵˡ
һ··ء˳žͶ߶µ˵ҹģҹոռĵǹ̫ˡ
ûлش𣬴Ӹո˵˭ʱ͸оЩ㱡ԭĲϸڶдǴȴѾԶ׼
˵ţŸո磬û׼ˡҽԺĲţˡ
յСϽһ㱡ıмһԱҲ˺ü飬һȺΧںߡ
ܼҽ̧ʬ塣
Ⱥһֱ۵Ŀʬ壬һ˲䣬Ӳˣʵеĳ
һˣϵƤȫɫҲһ˫۾ĿţһǶܶ
վȵĺһһɨȴȺĳ飬վǱߣĿʬ·촽һصǰܼ˵
ܼҽ͵Ҳ
Сӿ϶Ҫ·ȥ棬˺ıȥˣǵùүǱˣһᰲҶչġܼҰ˳䡣
ֳĬ̬֮̾һתҪ뿪ͿԶչȻȻǰ簲á
ɫ齩Ӳתǰڳ˳ȾĿˡ
ãһ㶼ã
ѪҺڽоҪǸļҶҪˡ
ǰԵС˵λдֽƬˣǸֻһų׷Ҳɱ˲գ۵ĺݽǣôΪһӦأ
Ͳһ㣬ľˡ
磿
þûзӦ˳ɻ
̽мëֱ͵ˣ𡭡¡
ҧͷʵԼµ״˵˴
ɫ΢䣬ʱͬ߸˿һףйڳÿһı仯ŴٿҲëȻ
üë鶯һ£͸оԼһӣǶ˶͸оһ˵ҪĻ
Ժеϵͳ棬ľͼֲסˡ
ͺñһִͻȻһɱ˲գ۵ķ˸񣬶Էϲŭ޳йҪɱԼ뷨ܲ
ıڳȴһֽ͡
΢΢üĲϰ߱һôСĺǻŪģʲôµģһԼһ˵ӾȻẦ£һˡ
ްлģȸˡеܲҪ͵ֶǰˡ
ϲ˲
ҪߣվһԴˣͻȻͣסŲͷһֱסˣͨ졣
һˣʱεĻζһ£ܿߡ
ֻҪѶ磬ոպ߻һߵĶߣڸۡݣСĸڳġҪעⰲȫ
Ǹūųҵطģ˳ŷ㶯֣߾֮
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΢΢һЦŹָǡ
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Һóүˣһֶߵ߱ѣүɾΣˣү´ԡǻһϰɡ
ϵѪɫ˲ȥЩôɱˡ
ԭϰߣкһϣжߣǶ޷
Ƕ߿϶ǳŪģȻȻɱ
ոӦòвѵѣ
Ժˣκ϶áг
˳ŸϽӦ£漴˵ˣֱ̾ù˿ԼСɵġ
ֻһ֪ô¡ôܷŹԼˣûãҲԲѣۣϾ⿲һǴӱѿʼġ
ͻȻһ飬һ֮ǰ뵱ȻҪĻֱǲˣԶ䣬޷ƿأԼԲðұ裬ȻܱǾͼάֵ͵һΪߵΪֹ
Ҳܶʲô뷨ڲʲôģټɡ
оԼﻢˣĸԽԱܱңΪ˹ȶҪмˡ
ҹδߣڶ챾һ̫ѧֱ岻Ϊ١
ҪԶ飬ҪȻĻʱ¶šԺѾϵͳʾҲ޷谭Լżٵľġ
һ񼯣Ӱ񽫻½ȥصִ񡣡


10 
񼯳ϵͳУһŴźܶС񼯺һ𣬲Ŀꡣ
ȥʹӵ˵Ҫһһеƴǲ졣
αʮ꣬꣬浤ҩЧʧȥòͻָʱ䲻࣬ѡա
ԭУǱԭڵˣһºŻص̫ѧ
ǲ͵ڻһµʱ䣬ԭеؾŻҪɴװһ֮ȥ
ͬһ£˲оɣʿĶ˺ܶ࣬͸ȼһ㡣
һ˯ŽǣҪƱ´
ͻȻԺжһ
룬ѵԼûȥͳˡ
-1

ʲôϵͳbug
ĪʲôͶûбһ֣ڵĻֲֻ5
Ƹʱһ룬Ļš
ϵͳզ£ʲôûô۷֣
ϵͳΥĥʱ䣬һһ֣ո£֪Ϥ

ʲôĿ۷ֹ˼ûоʱÿһ춼ҪĻ֣־
ƽģһʱ䲻񣬾һʼʮҲð඼ɱκƶҪֱֲŴ󿳵ںȥ񰡡
ϵͳûɴ֮ǰ鷶ΧΥʱԿ۷֣һֱھڣûڼҲĻ֡
һǻʱɱģôһ졯ĳ²Ӳɣϵͳǵǵ֣Ҫ
˲׿ˬֱ±ۡ
ϵͳҲܵԹæ͵Ϊÿմ񡣲Ҫʱճǰĺܺ𣿡
һ˲۾⼸Ժйһ顣
԰ֻҪһλ²ĺǡ߾顯ˡ
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ûн綨׼ÿȥһкɹ𣿡
ϵͳҪԼн̨һ׼׼
յü˼ǰһ£׼Ժֶʱٳ԰ɡ
ڣֻʣˣ
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Ϊɶôֵ·߰
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̫ѧÿĿΣΪκſΣպֵΡ
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ȥʳ򿨣ǳԷʱ䣬Ӧöʳ
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һ䶼˵죬޲ðֱߵķϣô׷סŲҪ졣⻰ҪУл·
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ԶԶԣ֮ǰǹܲס죬ţģԺˣһҴ˸ȥ͵ûз˭ǲҪֵܣҹȥ
ͻȻһ˵󣬶вˣͬǸǻģȻҶ죬ҵƤЦ¶ԾһСȤˣҲ׷ֻЦҪһ˵Ժ䵱ȥͥ¥ʽ
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һſţһ۾Ϳһڴǰо̵ӡ
㿡ţʮ㣬׽ĺøУ˶š
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Ҳ˹֣ȴһֹӣֱת̲סڵ֣飬˵𣿡
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۵гҪ˵ʮĲôܵסϵͳҲûѣ
ŭȻ֮ǰη壬ֱӺݺݵĳӣŭҪɱ𣿡
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񣬽ü¡ڿżҵæҵҪ߼ʧȥ֪ĸůһЩ

ôˣ
ġβǲǺˣ


11 
̫ѧݼڼ䲼õĿҵԻˮ֮
Ҫѧݵ䣬ѡ۹֮Լˮкο
ϽĴ𰸶йоأǳĴУȴᵽһ취
ˮ࣬Сˮ
˷ܳڼˮ֮мʧʹʷ͡»ʵǻ֮ˮܼĵԾô˷
۵һ̫ѧɫԱ䣬ƽ̵ͷ˳飬Ȫ˼
ȪѧӶ൱ĳͷ̫ѧԺȴһ˰æ˵
ƷҲ˽
һֻΪˮ֮ǰ̫ԪȼҲ顣
Ԫȼĳ£Ļ£أڳΪ֮Ⱥ˰֮ߣԸܳĻݴȻҲ˵̫м֮ܣϳЦҪλ̫ϻ帣ˡ
ķṦΰȴΪһսʧܱڸǣ˲ǰ̫ĹֻǵĴ
Ͱˮ֮
Ҷ֪ⷨǺõģȴ˸ᣬҲ˳ϣͷ·һҶɻĴڡ
û˻ڻʼֱ̫ѧԺἰ̫ӵ۵ǾµͬҲΪ˿֮ӡ
֮һ仰˭ἰǰ̫ӣҲǰ̫˵Ļ
Ȼ˺оĿǰƣҲû취
Ե˵龹Ȼڴǰ̫ӵֱۣ˼
Ҫ
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ʺӣȴȺжӣ̫ԪȼͬܵԪǡ
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ΪԣֻȴԼǱߡ
ոհ˷źڴϣȴͻȻԺִһѡ
1ʦ̸ʧܣ۳3㡣˻2㣬ע⡣



12 
ʦҲһ̫̫̫ѧûмϡ
ȵȣⲻǸոʲôһʲôûأôʧˣ2㣬Ҫҵϵͳ
ϵͳδ
ҡôʱ䣬׷ʲôֱˡ
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ͷӣůĻУɫѾͣôҲͻر鰡
ϵͳûвȴʩ겻ɣǾ黹ܽȥ𣿡
δӰ飬ĵȴһ񡣡
Ӱ죿ˣôܲӰ죬õϵϿɺͰô׵ĵϻӰ
ԭУһʱȷϻģԲǵһ֪ˣǰڸܴĸ
ҲΪ˿ӽϡ
ףͻȻвԤС
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һ£԰ԭͻҲϣûҡȵȣѵһҲԼҪҲϣҲŽӵ񣿡
ϵͳǵġʾǰڷǳģʽžƽѶȲŻӣͳƣУϵͳͶǵһǰڼʧܵ

ˣһ񣬵ʱֻҪıͿԴɣ򵥵С
ڶ˵ҪҲϽ̸ģԼӵǲֻҪ˳žԹۣ²棬ֻһԷֹⷢҲɣ
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Ҳԣô˼·Щȡ
֮˳źæ˿ڣȥƽ˵˵̫ѧ֮ǰʹһԼȥȪ˵ʱ򣬳Ѿεˡ
ƽ̵ȷҲǲͨ飬֮ǰҲʮͳѧԵģɣȻͷˡ
Ҫ뿪ӭһȲϵĻ°׷ߣй֮Եʧĵ˲
ɱǲ˵Źս
Ӳˣѹ֡
ѹʲôѹȥڣ
أԲ𣬶ҵĴ
Ͽһĵӣɻĺأ
ûҪʱ
ϵͷϷ򶼿ͦģ˲ܹѧʣҪкõ壬ôЧ͢ء
˵еѧסˣһѱܵġϽ
뿪˵իҲûֱӻȥһҪǲȥҲУ֪ĽӴûдϣһٿ۷֣һˡ
ڵݲһҵ뷨
εһС͵ʱ䣬ոѾˣ˵Ҫ˱ܣһѾѧ½½իҲֻӲͷƤˡ
ܿ
ͣסŲɫήңôûлΪ鲻˳Ϳڵ֣ƽ̿˵ʲô
ȴͬʱʵô
ȻشǸ˿ڵʱˣӦò޴󰭡
һʱŵ˵ʲô𣿡
ֻѯȥҸȥˣľڴ˯˰ɡ
ʱһ϶ɵĴЦ⣬鷳ˡ
ҲҵѡƽǱߡ
Ŷû£ƽ̺ܺ˵Ҳҵļ٣㻤
˵أҾͳȾͷǾʹк漴ͱͱô˵ѳӻˣļٵģ
ô˵Ϊĺֵܣôʱ򣬶ûи顣
Ҳͦԩ֪ͻȻôǸСˣľٶʾء
վһȻ˵ʱͻȻˣĲӣüۼģŶѵܹ֣㿴ֻŵģԲ
ҵЦ飬ʱɫԭ̬˲˲ЦȻŵġʱ쵽ˣ»Ҫȥ׼ǡ
֮İӿԣһߣ漴һмŵֵ㡣
ʲô˼
û˵߰ɡ
ʲôҪտܣѾʦʾԼ߰ɡ
ȴһȻ鰡ǸҵһɲΡ˵ɨһȦ⣬ƽʱֵǱֱŵģֻЩ˰Цӿˡ
øϻڰ־ˡ
ʱѧӱ࣬ȺߣҿΪ࣬ͱá
·˶ȺӣȻγ˸ĳΣǵıżֵ֧Ļ棬Ҳδϵĸֵɡ
˳Ⱥĺϵǰ·ܿڳ͢ĺлںϵĳ
벻ǣǵ󷽱ԵǸδƿؾƵˣδİӡ
ֻһųķȥһ˽ҶѵԽС
صԼԺᡣ
Ѿһɾ£ͷſڴϣǿǵֱҲë̺˵ıȴڸʲôΧĿҩζɫȸոպ˺ܶࡣ
ֻгһˣ˳Ӱ
ˣͿ˳̿Ҫڼ¡
үˡСû͵Ǹո칫˵³үϺأֲǺñӣСĶŪЩ̿𡣡
ͷţ칫ϸģҶû뵽
үһ˳ƽû㰡˳ŵǣүΪ˳ί
꣬С㣬ųϢƽǱû¡
үģүͿҩЧ˯ĺ죬ʱѲġ˳ֵĵүôûȥϿΡ
Ҳá
үūڣ㻹ʲôõĵģģС֪үһչ˺õġ
㲻벻ҵ
˵žߵԱߵԲ£ųĲ
ϵͳûо棬֤ûйǷֵǷƶģ֪ԼΪáȻˣΪɴ񣬿϶Ҫڽÿһÿһ붼Ƥ߲а
ү֪ģһܸжġ˳ŶȻˡ
ǳ鴤Ҫĸжͺˣƻļƻ׳Կ࣬㲻ɱйߣӦҲ
жʲôĲҾˡЦ
ôᣡ˳ŸϽ
Ȼᣬһ㶼ɣҪٶһ㣿ֲһ£֮򿨶ѡ
˳ţȥŪ㽪ţʱȣˣгԵģʼûԶһܶˡûлҩ࣬ôãϥһܲˣˣĨһ¡
үһûм˭ôù˳ЦӦ£תҪȥ£Ϳ౦ķ䣬ķ䡣
˳Ŷʱͷ˿ֻܿ˫ڳϣдģĪһ㶼ˣȻȻԳүôá
˳ͷԣֻܹԹ԰¡
ڳĴߣǳԼδȴûзִϵ˳΢¶һ϶͸Ĺ⣬Ͷϡ

޷ȷȫȫ£ֻҪܿס;ԲԼ֪޾״̬Ե߽һ˲䣬ѹˡ
ԼȻڴǰ۵Ϊ˲ϣҪ֪ϴǹٵǶһƬĻıϻɲţܲáһοƣҪܿĶĿòϵ
Լλʦ˽⣬ԼΪǰ̫ӵ۵ܷϵһһֻû뵽Ǹ⣬ݲܷҲ˷ᣬֻϣ꣬Ͻû뵽̵ȴֽ֡
ûмϣѻᡣ
Щ꣬ʱΪʲô޷ѵԼˣ̫̫ۣԱ˸̨ˣ
ɲȻȻ޺Ҳ鷳ڻЩŭţ취Զãñϡ
ôͺܻĶԻ
Ҿˡ
۾ɨһۣĴǰƽʱҫʱЩͷɥ
Ϊǳ
ĵֲڵȭ
˼άſһ˫۽ϣˡİ취ϰɡ
лҪ˵
Լϱˣô죿ֻİ취ˡ


13 
룡ڿ˰
ڿϤЩ̧ͷȥȻǺҡ
ٿ棬ѾϦˡ
ûСֵңתͷϣԾɺȡ
ι˵ǲǳԴҩˣһΪڲȥϿΣӳȥءһ²һߴҡڵ˽
꣬С㣬ʲôȥ˵
ҵûᣬڴվͷţⲡӣŻеʾɫ
ʱоûǣһܸ֮ԭΪѣΪͬȺãֻԭǴģһŮԿɡ
һסҵĲӣϣٴ⣬СҪ
ҿǱһĴڣ죬Ҫ˳͸ɱǸҶһ򵥡
ȻЩҲǶӵĻˣﲻһ°ɡ
ȴüЦѽѽ֪ˣˣҲֵ㱦ġ
һҳš
˾ⳤȳϳƤһΪҾһ壬ûǣʱһ
ԣֲˣҴİԣݼ̳еļ䣬ϵ
ɲǣ̫ӵʹӵѾͬˮˡҰԵӵɵǴ֪Ϲۡ
²۾˵ֵģΪǼһǲκġ
ǼиȴȨƣλֳҲΪ٣κȻҲ˺浱Сܡųġ
Ȼǵӣǵ͵ûӣ³çԳоȫܺ޼ɣȫŻ϶ųĶˣȻҲ˴졣
൱ԹȺƵģű
˵һּϵ̫ӣһǵʥĵճӣһܳĻӣ˭ᡭ
Ͻס⣬ѾˣԶ
ϽԱ߿ȥͼһص߹λԺֻĪҪ˵ڱȽϺãʼۣ֮
ҺһۣҪǱЩ֮һЩͻ֪ܿʲôлӿڳ
һΣ㵽Ϊֹͻص˷䡣
ҵϽ߰ɣԼҡ
ǰ˵Ҳ١ͷ
ӣ޴ӽƱ磬ǵ͵˼Ҳ棬Լˣ䶼ָ㽭ɽΪǣ˵ٸаˡ
Ҳ֪˵Щ⣬ĳмɻ䡣
ϾڴܳľǷǳӵġ
ʵ۰̫֮λȻΨһĺԪΪסʱľơ
ΪȻú˶ֳޣӭһûʵۡ
ҲΪˣŵڳ֮ɢ
̫Ȼ˳ǵ׸ʵȨֶֻϵ˼Լ׶ӵģʱǲԸΪ¾ͺ˵ˣ̫вȻҲ׽
»ԼĻǶԾͻвޣû̫ӣڵĴӱȻ̫ӣƾʲôҪλӵλϲ£Ҳ˼ܻϲӡ
λԴаĴе㶦֮ƣ
ǰԭȴˣڿʵҲ»ʱƽ⣬ǹⲻһҶźùԼĻȨ
ȻѡλӰһ£ҲҪ˰ѾĸһЩҲ»ʿʳȨվӡ
ǵ¶ǹܺԼˡ
ҲԣǼʱ֣оƽ˵ž㻹ûгŰɣϳȥҰζԡ
һҪչˡ
չ˻᲻뿪ⷿ䡣ָ
⣬ʲô
֮󣬸ո߻ԼңͿϵ
ʱЩŵˣǸոճˣ
ѾѾ˯ˣ֮Ǹ鷳ˡ
鷳鷳
ŲΪ̬ȺöɾأϽڱĵݽͳʳʳѾˣֻиһЩ
˳Ҳˣ֮ǰ˳ԼȥϢȵŵʱʳ
Ҫ´ţȴֹϾ˿ڣǶȥǣ˿ڵġ
˳żСڴϡѺʳﶼݹȥ͸Լزˡ
Ե⣬һ£
鿴˿ԼǰСٿڲԶԹԵĿˣ磬ҲԲô࣬ԡ
û£Ҽءϲ˳⡣˵žЦԵ㡣
鿴ЦĿ
ǵⲻǰ⼸˳ѡģȻ
ҪõĶԼ
鲻ٶ˵ӾͼһŹǣȻҲϲȡ
ź󣬳ҪԼˡ
ôУľܾ
ΪΣͷ͸һ˵
Ҵ򿨻֪ûɹأζ߰
˻ûкȫĪҪ̫දΪãԺ̫ԶӿӰͰ͵ɡ
ǣ˯ֱһ⡣ȥԺϢ𣿡
ˣһܣŷִŵһ߻һ齡ԭΪ˽ݣǮԼСأȻıһʡ
ҿ˯ϡ
üͷ΢ҲһЩίˡ
󶼳ˣΪ̫Ĳˣⲻ۰Ͱ͵Ҫͬһ𣿱ܹηģҪˡ
Ϊ˹ҲֻӲͷƤˣһǼһ鷳أģ㣬ȫ㡣
΢΢һ㶣˵ŻȴʲôĺһͷԽԽˡ
ǡ鷳ˡ
ĻΪίϡԼ˯ϣҲҪ˯
ֱ˳ʰʱĵĸӡ
ʱˣ˳̴ӾҪ뿪իȥϢ
˳ųȥԱߵ󣬾͹ȥһк˵סһ
һ̣ϵЩ죬Ǻܿͻָ
ΪԼˣвΪôķӦѵܲ
ܿʾûһ³顣
Ͻм֮ǰչˡ
ĲҴٿһܺٴ
ȴЦлģԼ廹ģȷް
ͷ漴º͵˿ڻǰæɣҲҪҩģֻܿˡ
һͷôˣ˳Ŷˣֻ鷳ˡ
ǲҶԳ鶯ֶŵģ±ΪԶ֮ǰ˳Ŵ˿ڡ
һ϶ҲߡʲôԾʲôɳȥͿֱӱڴرԵ°ɫ£¶˺۵ĺ󱳡
ͷˡ
Ϊβ
лҪ˵
Ŭϣһᡣ
飺Ŭңһ׽Ļɡ


14 
Ө׵ݺύųı޺ۣһŰУų΢Ķ޳ĲƽֱӵǶƯߡխЭר˵ĺĳ֡
Ůˣˣ˾ƫЩ
ⱳ˲䣬һԽʱĳ
ʱΡ
ԱߵΪȵĿڵ˿ϵĺܿ죬ֵҩǲؽĨһΣжްˡ
ҩȻǺõġ޵ʶǸҩ࣬Ҳеģģҩ٣ǰ̫ݱȻԸˣݣֻ˵˷ѡ
Ǿҩɡ˵תͷ
ȴûпıһ֪ҩƿ漴һ̧ͷͶߡ
˶һ¡
ҪʾɻͻȻԼȵ˼
ǫǫӣ˼ϸ壬ʲôɲԼִ֮̽ǰѾŪһΣȽˣ绹ɡ
˫۶ʱһʲôɶѰǺˣ鷳ˣұֱ¸ŪϼˣȥȡЩˮ
΢΢һЦͷӦ£Ͻȥ
ȡҩתȴ鲻֪ʱתĿⶨĿſڡ
֣ɻ󻽵
תͷ΢΢һЦƽʱºͺ˵ģ
һģһҩֱҩϺˣŲŵ
˼ˡ֣Ͻϴ֡
鵥ֽϼͷȴɨͻȻĿסˡ
Ҳˣü⡭Ҳˣ
ˮʱ򣬰ߣԲֱϺȻһѾɫı޺ۡ
ѣͷŷ֣һԵʱֻȻһºۼûгѪ֮ʹһھˡ
˶ѡˮִһ˺ۣͻȻʹɫŤһ¡
Ͻô˿ϰ
飺磬ҩ
Цãùܣˣҩ಻࣬š
ҩֱֱССҩоС
ԣ̧һûмı飬Ĳݾܾ͵Ľӹҩ
վһԵͳ֮ɨһۣܸоһλλĹϵ仯ܴġǰ̫һ
ڹ˯һ
ʱ򣬷ֳѾˣ˳ȥԺᣬһ׻ϴԽֱӴķ
תͷԺڹϣ۾Ŀ
ǡ͸ϣʹ˴ӹ͸һ̬֮һ˲һƽ͵ĸо
˯ú˿ڸоôո˯ѵ˵Щ壬֮ǵʺóһʡ
лչˣ޴󰭡
Ǿͺá
ԺͻȻһ飬Ͻ鿴ϵͳ棬ûãһûпۻˡȻֻҪһͲ۷֡
ǡ鷳ˣֻʣ֣Լܲһճɣˣûǿճ˼ѽ취ұĽˡ
漴лģʽʰһ󣬾һȥʳ
ʳȻԼĻһš
ƽʱһģһǲҴˡ
ȺС鶼棬ûء
Ǿͳһš
֮ΧͿʼϵĴ۵ʮ
һһȺӰͶ䵽ǵķϣ̧ͷһ
塣
ָ졣
֪ҪҲ磬Ҫ˵洫˭ôۣ·뵲
˲䱻ߣͷȥӭǴӵĴĴ֮һҵãͯ
Ҳͻصˣͬˮĵز
ͯȻóҳĲ磬Թϣó岻ʹ죬ͺʹ졣
Ķ죬ܿͳž
ܲɣһ˱Ƶֱײ
ǽһԩϽϳ飬ҪԶһ㡣
һ룬ͯͻȻŵһȵֱײǰĳ壬˱ײһ˲ѪֱӾͱȼֱڵϾʹʳֵüɹŮǷ׷ȥ
̫ܿѧˣȥ
űײ۵浹ùʳﶼ˷ˡҪʳ黹ҪҪԣȴֳеĿӣֻʣһ
鵭Цոһ£ûȣһ
Ÿ
ոͯˤһӣ˲䱳һйˡȻΪҩԭ书ʧ似滹ǲС׼ͷǶȿƣôϢˡ
ҲûгԷֱȥԷȴĿΡ
ãҲˣȻûдյ֣ǿܷˡ
ιҸ˵̫ˣͯͳȻײ˱ֱͬھҶЦˣֱӱ˽ߣҪһʱ䲻ܹˡ˵ǰ˺ݻֱԼһºȻһۣ
ƣһӲԼ˳𣬻ìܣһ˫񰡡
¿κάźõ飬ֱʱ˳ҵ
˳żûиһ𣬻ĸ֣ү
ȥƽ̻ظܷȥˣôˣ
˳ŸϽ˵һһɫ΢䣬˳Ÿȥ˳Ժᡣ
·Ժ
ɫҴңΪǳ£͸
ſڲŷ֣Ժǰѷ
˳ǰţһѧ¶õĿţվ棬ɫѿҪ
˭׼㶯Ʒˣʲôʸ˼Ҷһ˵Ժ᣿ŭ
˳Ͷǰ֣ȳ󣬾͵ǵ裬Ժ֮Ȼֲ¶ŵĸ񵲣λǰ·ܶˣӰʵ⡣
ҵɰɣҲѣдֶҿɲ뱻ۣ̹ӡ
ԷһͨҹӣȻ鷳ǰԾʹӳˣޡ
ҶͬαǾΪҲˣȻǰæ˵
ͬ΢ᣬǱΪңֻ밲ȵĶ鲻鷳Էļš
Ȼ޷ǿԷϾ˼ҵҲǺġأͻȻԺжһ
һ񼯣2ɫͬԺᡣ
ͬԺ᣿ѣ
ʱֻܽԺˡɴǽɡ
˲ǰһǰȻ򵥣ҪͻȻĸǰ
Ƕ಻˼ѹסԼǣάֱ
ûϵġǫѷ漴תͷˣѣܿ԰ɣ
ȵȣе㲻ԡĻҸѣ


15 
ˣϽҾòףҰɡôô鷳㣬鱾޹ء
񣡻ְ֣ϸ磬ֺ
ȴĳҶǾ֮ͣ㲻ء
˵ţ
Ҷ鷳
һͷͿ˳飬鵭СȻʲô
ܣ㡭
ԵЦ˵ˣ粻õĵġȷ鷳ȥӦõġҼǵṫӾ뵥һԺģҿƽ롣
ôİ취ŵһ亹Ҫôܾ
ҡͷ²УҲ˵ṫ붯˹еæ˵ģƽӦ£̫ѧԺѾˣԳ˽ԺᣬһɣҲϣҰ
ͷ
Ѫ˵õļأѵ㾹Ȼϡ
ӦòӦɣϾ͵ġ衯һֱУҹҹФԼͬһңǻʱʱԼס
ţȴûھܾ
ʲôѪҪʧܣϴο֣أ᲻ֱȥϵۣ
У֣˵˵ˣֱӲĺˡ
֣кβ𣿡󲻽Ŀ
Ҳ̧ͷ˹ţС񲻶ϵԼǰһ룬˲ͨʲôϲԣǺȴ¹˼¡
ȷ̫ͬޡ
Ǹ鷳ǲԵģҸһ˾Ͳ̸鷳ԺӻҲúܶ࣬ôԿءΡǶѧӣҲйͬ⣬ͬһԺԻд轻ǵѧҵǿǿϣô࣬ôܴء
ǣΪʲôԭУԭ̱ˣûٶ飬λ˳ƻ֮ͨʶˡ
Ͼ˵ͨǼвοֵģڰϺȫ֧Ȼܳ飬ݺпܻų׼
Ͼͨע⣬ֻܰаϣɱע⵽Ŀġ
ȻȥʵҲаæ˲ŵǱĿģͳ޿ȴŻˡ
ôһѣ˷·뵽ʲôܿͱˡ
˵ɫֱӰԵʾѾô죬ҵġ
˸˼͵ͷӦ¡
³䣬ֱ˳ʰֱӴȥ
ԼǱµĺöֱá
үǱ߿ӱޣո͵Сľȷˣ㿴˳ŴӰͱһµĺӣʾƮϧûнյźš
һ£ģģϡŶԭҪһö򣬾ԵĴȥ˽ϣʱڽǱΪĸҡѾˣȻЩ·ԭԴӳ֮ԹǣǻϵˣһΪҪĶϵǱߵ˺ϲȻİæѰǲ֪ԭǶѣδԵϵ
ִ򿪺һһ̨
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תͷһһֱȻ󼸺˫۷Źĳ̶ȣһöˣҲеľ̾ԭ̫Ӷ͵ȻǺõģԼɴ࡭
ܣҲ㣬͵Ǩ֮ϲˡЦ
龪ȵĿҲסˣСҲͰˣҲôߣ̨Ʒ̫ѧԺκһ˵õŶˡ
Ʊʮ󣬶绹ǡ
īˮƽҲ˷ѣҾ˾˼ģϲⶫҲֵˡͱƾˡ
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˵ֶֺ̣δҲǰｭϾ˾˼һˡ
˳нӹҪݸ飬ȴ˳һص鿴ǾԳ̫ˡ
˳ôãŬ
ڲǰۼ۸飬ȴֵôãʵ⡣Ƿ̨ͣһ˲й졣
ӹӣ˵ָСĴûзӦȴоһ£ڵָ
˵ΪһٵĳϣΪͷֽԺᣬƷĺ̫ԣԱ˷ǳİĽмʵ⡣
ǳô׵һأպûбΪã³֮󣬵ǻЩôرһԲһ޹صİĽ߶ѣάֺùϵġ顯ݸһЩ
˶ѡ
ʰã͸Ͻˣտſھһ
һ񼯣2ɫͬԺɣɫΪڻҡ10㣬ܼ12㣬ȣ2%
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ԥһ£ϲ£ο۱˵Ƿǣ˼ֵܹϵɣ治ÿڡ
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һı˵ʲôתٱǰãԲΪѡ
ϳ飬˲о˫͸Ѿ͸һУЩεȻǿƲ˵ƣö֮ҲԼʧˣҲûȤ͵ԣǰá
ƺڸ̾ǰǸ鷳ˣǸ
һ㶣⻰˵ôֵֹġҲûУʵ̫졣˵·뵽ʲôЩΡ
ƼĶǵͼᣬûעĲڣҪ͹ȥͶððʧʧģʰá
ʱڿĵӦҡ
ʮ֣Կÿմ򿨵ĵˣֻһҲ򿨣ǾͲĵˡݶλڻңǾ֤ʱйҵĿԡ
нĵģҲֵһǫǫʵﻹǷȲñޱҪ׽һˣǲءɡ
ʲôһΪأôǸԺͻȻſڴˡ
ôﶼ㰡
һԭʹסӸϽµܳȥ
ôģ˵ʲôĿġ
ʲôĿģܲóûطסɡ
˵ǳ˵󣡡ұ鶼Ťˡһһ飬㵽ôģѲҪˣ
Ϊʲôʲô˵Ķ
ʲô۾̫ãû塣ո˵ɶ
үСĸով˵ˡһʰ˳űﲻסˣʱڵõͷţǳƱⲻΪ칫ҪҲΪ칫ӿĲǧټƴӽŪľôүˣ
ʲôƱҲ˳飿һסĶͷĪķˣ
һɵ˵ӣҼ㵱һڰ죬Ű㻻һԺᣬ˲ǮأԺеľ²Ҳ̽ϲþĲõҪȻԺôŰѾ˼ֺȴһֱСұļЩȫһĵô׾ͽԺˣ
аһʼԳ飬Ϊߵýǰ㻹˵ڹҪ˯ѵû̫ѧ顣Ϊƻʧһء
㻹Ϊ˺ܶ໭һרŵĵ໭ᣬⲻѧļһΪһ˿࣬氮š
ž죬ȴоԼˡ
ҿĶе⣬˵Ϊ˼
ԭ
ѵѰ䣬ͻȻ⴫һʲôǽϡ
һתͷȥ󿪵Ŵ沢ûˡֻǲһԺᴫ
ĸһһ¯ᰡյĵǻҽˣ


16 
ļ飬ܶؼϢǵãÿεҪϸʱԴͻһŽʲôҲ벻һҲ޷жҺ˳˵١ǱʶǶкøеģһʼֻΪǶ˵Ͱˡ
ӴһЩ̫ȻķӦ˵
ԭǰз粻ܣ󲻱ȻҲܸܵʲô
ţ컹˼ദ˼˵ҪܶԶ֮ˡΪֱȴҪΡ
ʵңǲǹģó󣿡
һʲôЦδ
ûУҶԡû뷨ˣԳ顭ҲֻҪչ˰æѡĲ֪ôԲˣ̫ˡ
Ȼһһţó飬ˡ
ҲԼҪ⾪˵ء
ԭ˵Щ¶ҲΪԳ飬ͽ⿪ԭĲ⣬ҪȻԭͻȻô̫ǣǿˡ
ԭӦǰãֲǿ󣬶ڽӽʹǣŭַʽ˼ҲһߵĿŭˡ
Ǹԭˣô̯ӡ
˵֪ԭ˲ࡣҪǴУҪǿҪ飬òغá
һߵԺڡ
ո׼ݣͼˣһ˵ѹ
֣
ȻתͷƲסɱڵк
ŵúһ
Ǻܿ죬Ǻ˵δֹһʧڳϣȡ֮ޱ顣
㻹𣿡
оԼʲôҰ´һۣ黺ڵûʲô
ֻոշֱһˣˣ
⣬Ǽ鲻ԸҲûжʣǱӦĻ˳𣿡
᲻ɣǸ鷳ˡЦЦĻش
ȴоԵò̫Эһ˸еӡ
ɣ˼䣬Ĳɣû˵ȥϢˡ
ȴǰ׼֣֪ԼʱƲסԼֿ˼ɱ˺ǡ
ŲҪмģֶмġ
ͬʱϲ
ϲ֮ǰжϲ󣬲ŻΪôࡣ
ֻҪȷһ㼴ɡ
Ǽϸ޺ӰĴҵ
Щ޴İϷ˷˼ʱ䡣
պ󣬸ôþôãԭҲôģͦõġ
һ㶼
Ҷеǰ취Ūһ
ҪĥīȴǿΪֺ̨ǰڻʹѵһƷ˲ǵ飬ֱ̧˦˳ȥ
ֻһ죬˴ϣΪ³
֣Ǳߴɻ
عиӷ꣬ǸСĵ˶ˡ
˵꣬鰴˰̫ѨԼ㲻ԼˣһҪͻȻоһۡ
ͷһֹֻΪոǽˡ
ĬĬҩͿĨǺ͵ҩҲµġ
ڵķˡ

߰䣬Ͱ˹Ȼ뿪ΪζͶĺֵܣסһպ÷ɻ¡
ҷԼˣԴӰᵽһϢɣ̿ʣ̫ѧֱȻڿˣֱȫһˣһı䡣
ֵܣ㵽ôˣҼˡ
Ǽеӣ˵ôˣ
û˵ҳңֻҪһͷȻԿԼһ¡
֪ˣǲּˣ㸸׺ĸƫģĸֳ¶ЩֵܽûһվߵģСڿ㶼ˣ֮ǰ֪װһװṫ󵱸ƨ棬ֳС
֪ͺáںƣʵֻΪԼδָʱĸöѣ壬ѧʶ̫˼ʹϵЩϣ𽥸ıġ
ҪҪֵ˽ѵһ٣˭ġһ
ҸϡǸùϵԲžС
ͻȻЦǣøǸùϵֻùϵôȥˣǿˣĲˣһڳϡ
ôһ˵еˡ
ǱߵûˣȻһʼҲΣȴһֱֵ壬ԼҲҪ̫УֻҪװ·ͺáö֮ҲദȻ
ǳǱȴ̫Ծ


17 
Ҳ֪ǲԼˣϴλԺ֮ΪĹϵǽһʵȴ
ָԴԭ̬ȣά޿޵ߡʲôȴܸо˺һ㡣
ÿŪʲôöȥֺߺøжȣϣոıڻҵˡ
Ϊ˷ֹĲ׷ÿͳ˵Ͷ϶ƷԼзִֵ㵽Ϊֹֺá
̶ֳȵʾãӦò˾öĺᡣ
û뵽ÿͶȥʱͦлģαװ˫ȴһ˪ȻЦţȴ˵ĺܣۻʲôȥǱ˪һ㡣
һΣѵŪˮˣЦ֣㻹ⶼŪҶԶˡ
ҲٸãǱߺܶءܣ㡭飬ɲǼͱѹŭ߾סһ˹Ƶģϲ𣿡
ȴһЦ׺ͣҲȻϲִˡ
ռ˱ˡЦЩֿɴȥ빫ӹ
ǡллˡԴ˵Ľӹ
ϲ棿
ѵּǴˣ
ΪʲôǼǴϲðȻС˵ԭĸ̫ãŪ
͵͵һۣѾ¶飬ȫˡ
ƷԼӦǱŵģϲĶŪɳ׾
֮ǰɺϱΪһĹϵȻǺ뷨ô׽ġ
ֻʱֹֺͣΪˡҾĿǰĽӴ̶˵ֻҪռ棬ͬһ´һʱ䣬ͻ򿨳ɹ
ǽȴһܲҵϢϰգѧʡϰԼʱ䡣
ʱڷһĶڶ飬߾سһЩľżϢ֮ǰ͵ܳȥ档ޣСǰæڸǡ
һκҪȥ˵ͥ¥Сɾˣȥȥ
ȻȥڷǣҲ͵һ춼޷˳ĸͬһˣڵܺƤǵԺһʱ
ġ
ſΡ
յſǵࡣԭĶһ̳еġԭǰѧڻͨһ£ͦ˼ġǽûˡ
ʱ쵽ʱͻȻԱߵҿ˿ȡע̧ͷһÿ
һ¿ݣһǱãͬĻɫΣȴ˲ͬķɣжһ÷羰·ŮѧǶ͵͵˽
Ľʲôʱ·ԴbgmŮעĿ
˶
΢ЦԶԣȴ޽
ֻһܣǸ
ڻô٣ҪδѣֻܺƤڵܣҽЩûʡɷȥֽһ
ʼһĶŵĻȣȴû˿ڱףҪƽ⣬¡
εҪˣֻܸϽްް
ʵѾ֮ĲˣΪڶԳʾãǳҪܾģιϵҲ͵ˡ
Ѿĺˣ۸ˣзִ磬˵ʵദ̹Ȼ𽥸ĹۣԸϵͦϵġ
ܿóһˡ
ԸºͣΣҪ˵æΧǲѯֱ
˵ţͻȻ˹ֳ
ȻŮѧһϿεģ̫߽ͨ˴˵˵
ֳŮӽеġ
̧ͷȥͼŵɫ̫ѧŮӷε˹ͦõӡ
˵ã
֣һǰŮӵǸˡ
ԭһ״ѾޣλǴҵСӦС
˵ϵӦôкģ˼Ҳȷˣȴֱӵһۡ

ӣǸޱеһƴֻиѾͷӦҲͼ֮ԵûнӴôͱˣһǼΪԵĵ⡣
Ѿ˵⣬ᵤֱŴȥɽɽˮ羰ѧǿԼѡطһҶУĸѡһط
ĵȻǺõģҪӦСһж
ոֱӵѾԼˣ㡣
ǳ𣿳Ҳһ
󼸲ɲһüõѵЩһǾԲŮһģΪ˱ܿӦСѾҽˣûô֣²̨ס
Ϊ֮ʣͻȻһӺ
˼ǸԼˣҪһ𣿡
һ㶣ͷȥʱ򣬾ͼһüǹȻǹģ˲ĬϣԣǸԼõġ
⻰һѾͷ˲佩סɫ̫ÿҪ˵ʲôȴ˵ڡӦСǺݺݵĵ
Цĵ֪ңңѵ
أͻȻоâڱһ߶ϵϲ
ŤͷһȴûκڿֻгͬһĲ


18 
ΪһţӦСֻܻ뿪뿪ǰҲݺݵһס
񶼿Ҫϵɳһˣǰǵˡε
ֵлո鷳ˣʧ񡣡
٩Ұ㣬ҪסŶӦСҴСӡ
ôһ˵ͱҶˣҪӦСӽˣ˵æҲƻǼôΪѣΪϤһ㣬æˡ
˵Ц˺ܶ࣬ǲ֪Ҫôлء
һҿ˿һת͵Ҫһ𡭡
δ͸Ͻһ£Ϊ֪һ
֣ϲӵġ
һ㶣΢䡣
ζŶһüЦŶ칫ӵϲû˽Ⱑ
˲䷴Ӧԭǵص㣬˵ˡ
ҲϲңԼǲġϽתƻ⡣
Ȼܸһ˵зִı󵥶ദԷ밵粨
ʵҪڣȴͻȻϡ
ֱ֣ˡһֱԹ۵ĳͻȻڵ
תͷһȻֱѾԺ˳֮£ֻܸųصǵλá
ҴչԵιҾղȻó̼Ч𣿡
ȻĿңĬĮ̆һҪȥ̬
ãҴˡ
´ڣý𣿡
ֵǹ㡣
ллҪ
ɲĹϵΣǳ̬ȣһŪãԼڻҿǻʵġ
ܿ죬˺ɽҲ˵ѣȷϲһ˴
ѡûȥһطĻһſԼϢҪ
ǻŻţͻȻе㲻Ծ
ôŮӵĿˡ
ѵ鷳ˡ
ϽѭȥҲҴ󺰴Уֻ͵͵
ԶӰӰ˸ߵĲݴ⿴ʱһһŮ§һ𣬻С
ΪǲӰֲ죬Ը֪˭ֻ֪ŮǴ̫ѧεģӴǱɫ¡
һΣȷոŮӿǱ۸УҪ͵͵ߡ
ͻȻԼ΢֦̤
Զ
ͷһʱ±ƣ˾Ȼ
һĿ·𲻽ڵϸ
֡ĽǶȿˣոһͱһס͡
󾪣һĻ֣̿Ҫѹıϣ꣡
˭ͻȻһ
С𣿡漴ǺµŮ
ʾŴִһŮҰ飬ŮԻδĹǳġˣٺ˼Ҷ಻á
ҪװûС
ո꣬ȴ˶ˣûпֱĴӲݴжǰ֣һ˫ڰ׷۾ֱӵɴ
ǵһο־㵵ı顣
ͷ߽Ͱһ𻺻ѹ壬󼸺ſڲݵϣһѹϡصŶһȽϺʵĲݴԺ棬Ŷֵˡ
Ҳˣɿס͵֣ŲǶԷ̫ˣҲҶֻ̫ˡ
ģûˣطݴѧӹ˺
Ǻǣ˼ˣһԻ
ͻȻҶҪˡŮ˽
û취˭̫ˣôû𣿡

Ȼġ˭ôò˼ң˵²ںƭҰɡŮ˵һִȻ§һˡ
Щ죬񡭡
ʱоԼѹסѾˣͷһֻĶŵ˫Ѿͨ졣
ͻȻһŶˣŮӲã
͵ɣ
̫ˡ
ȻĿһ嶯ͳȥȻԷȻߡˣԹۣõͱҪˡ
̿ȥ΢΢ͷһۣӣ΢ҡͷ·ֳ
Ȼͷһ£ǰοˡ
Ҳû̫֣ʲô飬һ˼ˣҲĵ뿪
ֱΪǶ⻹ûп˳ʲôӣֻ֪ѧԺѧӡ
ܿΧͰˡ
ϽϵĿҶҳſڵϣһѡ
˶˻Ƶģվ¶֮ɫ
˿ȣҸոһ£ͶΣҲû˭
ĿһЦлл֡
˲ӣ֪װȥˣֻεģҲ˵ȥģûôġ
˶죬ȴ޷гɺܴ󡣱ϾǼǹҽϣһŮδǰľٶʵǸߣڻʹĴ㶼ҪӰ졣
ǰǱЩЦְϵ֦ҶѵüһǱӡ
ӻлعһĲڣϽţ
϶٣ϸոձݲݲ䵽۵촽ŪĲУƵģողҲ䣬ڿֺݺݲһˡ
Σ


19 
һҪʲô
Ǿûˡ
ιϵͳզ£ǳˣ
⣬bugոйһΣѣΣѾȥ

ܿտɶûУֻǰ󡭡
ĬĬĺһĿ󣬸òһΪ˱õҪɱڰɣ̫ˡ
֣ʰ·飬һ̧ͷͿĿʺš
ҲЩͷԣԭдģôĵˣӦáǰɡ
벻ͨΧȫˣŻǸϽ뿪ɡ
֮ȴԼڷŵߵˡ
һĻǰæˣֻһֱĬ
ˣôģ
ûҵõĵط˸ٵĵطɿߣк˵꣬һ£ʵû˵ʵʱӦСڸ·ҪżƵģΪ˱鷳ֻٵĵطȥ
ʰã֣ȸˡҡ
һȻ֪ȥˡ˼ҵļ£Ͳˡ
ͷǰߣƻ֮ǰĵ·ȴ·߿˳顣
ʱĳվһǰֱ۴ϡ
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ͷȻˣΪֱ۸ǴϣһСɡ
ΪĿɨ
ʱ䣬һ־Ӹ£ƿϣ¶޴ѹѹס
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ɫˣصҲûֵʲôˡû
΢΢üкʤ֣ҴҪȥ
ã֮ǰþܾġ
鼸ЦҵĶ粻ǰװˣ
һ鵹ȻһЩͱЦˣǰңҲúøл
ɫһһҪŤҲ뵢ȥ˵ˡ
Զȥı黺γС˼¡
лߣַʽлġ
ոճһͿȥǵǴڵĵط֪ô޹أȴҲ֪ʲô͸˹ȥ
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ķɵ˲֣һͱܵҪȥ
һͺѿƣȴʱͻȻŵΣ㱻Ͷ
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һµǴ˳
ΪʧأҲֻܿٵ뿪
ƽ˼Լǰͻ׾ٵʧأһʧؾɱˡ
ʵأֻһӱĵˣһ˵Ű벻װСӡһָź˿Ŷõá
ǷݰмʵѾˣʵϸǰɵˣΪԼͷųһԥеɳܡ
аϷ𣿵갲Ϻ֮еǰ취ԸҪʹ飬ڲѵǰ
ʱȫ֪ԼѾҪԭһˡһ磬ȥ֮ңҵ״̬һҪŵӣȻˡ
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ӣһ䣬ôµò
ȥ˸ɣ
˭˵ģÿδСɾʱ϶дŴ㣬㻹˵ɰܣ
ǶҪóˡ
˵ʵһ䣬ԺҲģģģһθлһģҪȻһֱּ䣬Ļĵ˯š
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ţͼ˳żææ
үСˡ
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ڵʱİϺǸһӦйԼȻӦѾû䣬ǻһɵĸףճӦ¡Ҳ䣬Ȼڻ飬ᱳƶӰܵõĻˣϺĹҲܵӰ졣
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ݼ䣬ÿһΣ֮ǰζûдһεǴ
˳Ÿȥ̫ѧӴ˵Ժ䡣
һ߽ԺӣöЦϲõ֣ûҲ֪һŮӷ
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ǿ仯ôô˲𣿡Լ۾к£־Ͳˡ
ˡ
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ᵽĸףǰոջؼҿ˵һǿɫ֪ɲ̫á
ûıͣϣܿкҳԸ㣬ģһ֣ҧһڣȻǳĵģǱĲãɼ⡣
УͶͳСķڣ˳ԣԭҲλĹ͡͸סԺʱĻʿһͣͶιҪԵ㡣˸۰
ȵÿ˶Ʒĵʱֿʼѧҵ˵ܶһֱֺܺá
ɫ΢䣬ǰñ¼ԭԳĴҲ֮ʧ
ֱӿڵǵȻȫľˡ
һֻɫεĸ㣬һֻ·סĿбӣ·ûĴòӦˣ˵̫ѧ£Ҷж
⻰ȻˣӺڸһǵĻȡ
˵һֻĸо͵͵룬ûиӦҵĻԼѡ̫ѡǾԲ̫侮ʯģĻҲϺҲΪĹϵȫ
뵽ͻȻѣôǵԭУеġ
粡ģ֮ûãҲˡûоѪϴ
ڿúõģôᲡأѵĸ׺͵̳ܵӰģ
ԼӦò£ŮҲܶһˡ
ǻ˵ԼܲܰȻҲÿ
һҧž֣һ߿顣
ɳ̸ջߣ߱޿ɱܵ·ѵһ˶ߡ
ֻһ˲䣬ĮƲߡ
ΪʲôոпʲôˣΪʲôôͷ
Ȼάְ
ĺ롣
ΪڣڵջǺгҲûбֵĽš
лҳͻȻ⴫
磬ΪʲôһҪæء
ɩӴ˸㡣
룬ͻȻüΪʲôе죿
ܿӦ¡ӦС˽
˳ڣɫ䣬Ȼգ˼۾˼һ׻ǲȷ
Ӧ¡·ɫ£ΪʲôôںɽǸС


20 
ΪԭǰӽдģԸûӦ¡ķݣһͬڰϺ֣ԭҲ˽⣬ֻ֪һţԲжϡ
Ӧ¡ͦΣòãһţϾ͹׺͵Цݡ
һһ񣬵ǱӦСĲʹ죬ڸ۵ʱ
ƻڼǺӵ顣
ͻȻ뵽ӦСϵôãȷӦ¡ʶӦ¡ǸӣӦС϶֪ʲô
أֱǰ
ʹǺʱģ·Ͽɻߣ
յûãһģȽӦ¡Ц˵
յû
ﰲźãϾǻҪס
ɫתתҪԭλ£ͻȻ߷Χʲôһϸ۲֮󣬲ڷ쳣֮
Ӧ¡Ľϣ۵ĵطһСƬҶҶ״⣬졣
סĵɻ󣬡մ˶
Ӧ¡һ㶣ͷȥҲˣЦɷȥôСġ
⣬Ӧ¡ЦЦû⣬ҲΪȻһ£ͶΪǻһ÷ӡ
۲첻ʲôֻܷ
һߵĳȴ΢΢üǱժµĿҶƷ⣬ֻкɽУɨһܿӦ¡ЬױԵմʪ࣬һӹٵĹԱôմɽء
һӦǲǰȥɽ
Ӧ¡޹ؽҪ֪˵ѣҲ¡
һߣΪɩȻҲҪСӣǼ仰أҲСӿɲôӦ¡ƾӣȴãû˿̬֮·ѾϰΪ
ⲻѵɩҪҳʣĸ𣿡ӦСв
ȻǣҸÿ˶׼һʳУģߵʱϡƢ˵
ӦСɨһۣԶȻڷžµʳУ˶л㣬ӦСȴǲԸӣֲԡ
ˣȥʱԡӦ¡
ӦСֻ£ˣҴȥԡ
Ӧ¡ЦЦҲá
֪ǲΪԼĻɶˣܸоӦ¡˵ܹ죬˲ûʲôӦ
ΪϣҾͼ򵥵˵˼䡣
̫ˣţһáӦ¡˵꣬Ҿɢˡ
ʳ߳ʱʱĻͷԺУƻµļӰȥǳгϣԼŪˡϲģϣѹӡ
ǻǣ԰СţͻȻǰһѹŲͷ
磬ԺѾˣ㻹ҪҶã
һ㶣̧ͷȥͼʳУĿ
ԭոշ˼Ȼ֪һֱǰӰš
εͷһʱϰˡ
Ŷ᲻õĻҿԻ˵ȴ͸ź
ͷһܸо鲻Ծǰǰװװš顯ߣôôװ
񿴹ȥվһӰλãڹУȴںڰУ飬ȴɢһΣյϢſڲݴʱ̶׼һ
ӣãͦڵԺġ
𣿡
Ϊʲôо
ͷԣ벻ʲôõİ취ֻܱ׾򵥵İ취ˣҼǵո˺üȾ⣬ӦͦϲİɣҵĶ㡣
ʳУһͰȾ⡣
˵㣬ɫе㽩ӲˣأҲϲ𡣡
еʧ䣬Уˡ
Ŀκոתӭ
˴һ涼סˡ
Ĳɣ绹Ҫأһϣӹ졣
ոնӦ¡ĻɣҲޱΡ
桮ֹ֡飬ǡö˳С
ϤִһεϰƵģסܿصͬһĿǰˡ
ǶҶãֻҪ˼üֵɡ
ͻȻͻʲôߣסЩʧ̬˵¸˵ߣȥ㷿䡣
ԺԵһʲôϵˡ


21 
ûзƺĬƵֱӱߡ
ȳ鷴ӦʱѾûӰϴʹͷһԭոյԵһֻʳеľץˡ
齩ӲĳǣЦȴȷЦ
һɳ嶯ǣ̧ȴһ븺תһߣԼԺᡣ
θɣ
һΪҲڣպÿԸ˵Ŀռ䡣
ⲽ齹ǣһ󣬲ſڵɽ̫ѧĵ̣ɽʵǷģֻдͨܽһǲ
ûнӻ
̧գӦЯҾãֻˣոȥˡ
ֱʵ㻳ʲô
ӦСǹѣǡƾ޾ݣҲ㴧⣬¹õڣұӦ˵£ǿܸӦйأҾֻͷˡռӦ˵ʱ򣬿쳣
ôشѵ˵һøҽһȣҲ֪ô˵ֻ鷳ҲСһС
㲻ȥ𣿡ʵ
ѵʧȥȣճȭ̲סϡһֱޣϣ˵ҿԩƽʱ̫ˣȻɳֳ¡
׵ҲֻǴҴҼһ棬޷жʲôӦһһ뿪ʱһĹ۲졣Ļ㵱Σ
ɫѿȻֹȻΪǼҸҲô岻Ϊ檡
һĶ԰д©κηȷ¸Ӧ¡йأǾͲܴˣΪ˱ȫõϱκ⡣
㳤ǱߣҲΪһŪãܻǣ
һ̫ҲԼȻĬһ˵ʵǹŴģԸӦò벻ͨ
Ӧ¡ЩѵֻΪ֪κᷴ˵Բ͵͵
һߺȲһ˼ţͻȻһ̧ͷȥͼΡ
ʧˡ
һֱæڶ˲ϳԷˡʳеǼҽģܱ
⡭л֡ߴһȷȥǱߴţǶļƻҹɫ͸ˡ
صԼԺᣬȴá
֣δޣ߽Ϳ֣񳣳֡
̧ͷڳ󣬡ֻҲͦ
е¶ˡεЦЦתԼȥ
ջߣϵıʸ΢һ־дˣ᲻ǺᣬƲƲ·ŤڳЦĽɱ⡣
ոɫ˵Ҫĸ󻹲Ǹˡ
һѾϴϴ׼ޣ֣Ŷ౦ķ϶ܿһӰ
üĿ续̬
żһƳҲоòˣһҲѹ
뵽΢΢һ㶣ЩЦԼȻЩź
ʱദѾ׸Ĺۣ֮£ҲΪлڵȻЩֻͣĽ޹ء
ڶգһȥˡֻϾסիΪֻ档ӦСʱɫ̫ÿҲѯȴ֪һ岻ʣڴ
һߵҲˡ
Щȵѯôô硣
أ²Ҫֽ̡һĽڡ
ЩοЩźѵù飬ȥƽǰˡʱŻ
лɣæµӣ㣬ʲô
ŲҪһҴ³ԵĲˡˣҶԱܵϲò̫˽⣬֪ϲʲô𣿡
̫ʳȹôεףʵڲóȻ˵ϲʲôˡ
ͻݵĲֻϽҵӦ¡ʹѾоųɻˣҲϣһġҪȻæµҵţӦ¡ȴڳ죬ʵִ˵˼άģʽܲס
ܿ뿪ȥ˵իӦ¡û˵ѣȻ
һȦ̫ѧǣȴΨûпӦ¡ѯ֮£Ӧ¡ֻʱһˣˡ
ƵիĳȣƼͤ˼һϼƣɫ̫á
һˣһ֣˲òϹ룬˾ͷֿжٵĵطˡ
һͻȻԺжһ
һ񼯣3Ѱż
ôƫƫʱ򷢲
żӡԭòϵκͰ󣬲ϸʱ֪һЩ顣
̫ӣһżĴݡ
ģԭżıʼӡʵߡ
֪ô£ȻѾɱˣ˽µҲ֪α֮ǳ̫ѧһֱӦǱͨá
֪ǣֱΪ˱סģµżѱûҵ
Ѿµзֵص㣬ֱϣͬһȥȡ˳
ȻΪЩżã֤ҲûãҲ˵ûߵ֤ԼܣϵǸҲûԼһУƼҲǹǽƣϾڵĳѾȫ˵ƿ֮ˡ
Ļûб䣬˾һУʧȥлϸλ֤Լ
ԭо˺ܶѾںԼˣʱѾǳͷβķӣҪαΡ
Щżǰ˽⵱࣬ôɱŰˡ
ڲϻûиϣôˣ
ѵԼʲô
ǵó֮ǰ˵Ҫȥ鼮ţѵż
عŷԼߵ·ÿͨ⣬ⲻƽʱѧӿԽ鷿ǲع͵伮ĵطûԺҲʮԶÿһʱ䣬ƽ̻ԼõѧǸǻ
ֻмӲȤ
ȻȷĵصǲȻǰˣ;ȥڲڡ
ǰصľѾ򿪡
ҪȥȴָƲӷ϶濴ԭǴ˲ԼԼһ
ѵѾˣʲôΣԹϸϸ鿴
бҪȥһҲԼɵģԼɴͱȥˡ
ԲԣнһʱҪȴڣʧܿɲǿЦġ
Ƚȥһۣȷһ˵
ţǲῪģܵĴ࣬һ£һûģֱӷȥˡ
µĶȻλûȫ˵ȷɶˡ
ֻ֮󣬱ӭĻҳǺһӣ硣ϽסӣʼĴ۲졣
ܴ涼һһŵܣܻһЩӣеĸԹƵģ裬Ӱֻһŵˡ
СѭȥԽһܣԾŮҵ
һ죬˲ҲӦⲻӦ¡
Ȼ͵飿ԭǽ
󾪣һ˹ĻҳֱǺһӣϽסȴѾ֨ڰȻ
µĽе
ʲôˣӦ¡𣬽ž˵ʵ
ֱӵȥ׽ʵҲǲУǵƤˣҪ˳ȥ˵
ǾʱԺоȻ˾вȫҪ
󾪣ѵӦ¡ɱģ˭ǵļ飬׼ɱ֣
ûһˡ
ȵȣӦ¡ٵģҲ˵书ģϵͳʾ϶֤
תӣԭĴ϶ˣΪӦ¡Ǵ·ġ
ƺӦ¡סʹһ׽
ɣҿˣʲôǺӦ¡ٴδ
ʱŵƲϵĶӦ¡ӽǣϣܲ䵽ſȥ
ԺеľڼĶͷ亹
Ժ̫ԶڸߺҲ˵һüܴȥȱ˸ͻᱻӦ¡ɱ֮֮ززȫжκˡ
֪ԼΨһĻӳţѴŵϣΪȡһʱ䡣
һ룬;ˣӦ¡ȥſסģֻҪڣ϶ܲ
ˡ
ֻܾܵĶȴѾ֪ĶһļнǴҲû·ˣƵ谭Ӧ¡һص˿
Ӧ¡ŲĽӽֻһԵ̨׼һϣﲻС˵磬ʹܴҲ޷
ĽһûпˣѾĺ̼ĲС
ԺеľԽԽ١
̲סһ䣬飬ҪΪ㣡ǡллѾģ
֪һ϶УһĿһС
ϵͳٵĿҪһƬʱͻȻǽŲһֻѸ˳
Ȼֹ
֨
Ӧ¡Ž˹һȻҲûֻеڵص̨һֻʴ


22 
ɴ۾ŵĿǰһС
ʹ۾һʱ޷Ӧ谵ĻҲһϳǰǳ顣
ʱһǳСĳռУȫһ
ոҲӲġ
ֵطһ˴У˾ͼúˡ
黹סĿڱǣΪ¶ˣҪι
ǳûǾĹ۲
ңӦ¡ûзְſء
ͻȻһʪʲô
һܵĳ֣Ťͷĳ
Ϳˮһڴ
žոס
žҲִϢȫ˳Ĳϣ˿ţȻܸоҪŲһЩӿⷳ˵ĺȶȣȴڿռ̫Сֻ֡
ĵĳʪҲδȥоʮܡ
治þġ
ɲΪΪصʱ̻֡Ҫģָ֮ܽá
ֻΪ˷ֹӦ¡ɱˣɰֳӰжûеΪʲôаء
ȲѣΪԼ˳־ѡ
ҲƽˣʼֵŲƺҪһЩ
΢΢üֱץסʾ𶯣ռôٶҲû壬ڵܡ
岻ˣֲ֣Ȼֱϻȥ
ĵطǱһһǼŻôǿҵķС
ٸô֣һָһһϣǺܿ죬ʵд֡
ô죿
ƽЩȣﻹбİţҶ
á
ȻܹɵĲˡ
϶һأôεĻزֻΪôһûõСռ䣬϶һɣиĵطʲôܡ
ոֻһߣжǱǽûңֻܸ壬ȥоͺڻƵģʹóˡ
ʱӦ¡档
ɣûˣԭһֻҴܡ
󣡡
£Ͱ
Ӧ磬ȥˣҸ綼Ѿˣһһٱ˷֣Ҿ͡
𰡣ĿôʹĺܣһҹҶߡ۾Цˣľ𣿡
ò˵Ӧ¡˻Ǻһ׵ģ಻ֺãܿӦ¡ˡ
üƤˣҲ֪Զ㣬⸽Գ
û뵽ĹѪ¼ˣΪ˾͸֮ǰҰһͺˣԽԽԾֱǰĳ麮һֱŤת϶רҰŻʱ֪Լûˡ
ţҲǮĶô
û뵽ҹô֣ȻܻӭľʹӦ¡Ҵ˳ӳ̶ܶǵĵһΡ
ѵǰӦ¡ÿﶼĻ᣿
ͷ˵ţͻȻ
һķҪõȴ֪Ѿ޷أһȫڹΪԼɷȥɣȴ͵ȡ
˶Ϊֱ̧ߣҪס䶼첻
ĶԽԽ󣬼ʹĿƣǵǲɱĴĶС
һѪյֱУֱУ
Ⱥٺ˶䣬󡭡Ѿûˣɴװ
ϵ۱ӳûиоϾô˭֪ʲôڵء
ͻȻ⣬˽ߵĥ
µ͵ʱѾӦĹˣֻɫѾһƬβ͸ɱ

ϵͳһܼ
ҽͣûᱡ㡣
ˣͣ˵ɱоѾҪɱˡ
ܣôôأֹͣ˷ܰ
ܱʾ˭Ӷǳûж
治ûӦ¡̫ˣǶ޿ײ롣
Ѿ׼ϵͳ󾯸ˡ
Ƴһۣȴˡ
ʹͷƺרһأĺɫס¶ɫࡣô͵ˣͬΪˣҲ״̬ɡ
Уתһע߾ͼ˳Ķϡ
ſžȻˣĶºÿģӨ𪣬͸ŹǸǶϵһź룬ϴʱ͸ĺ⣬·ջһڣĶҲҪҧס
ʣ¹һ¡ĸˡ
ʱͻȻ̧ͷһ˫ķ۴޿̵ĺ˹˲һŵı۾ȻФĶ䣬ǱĻӰԴˡ
ʱĳĺῴҪڲ㣬ֱĺ
䣬ֻ˸ȤзӦֻ֤ФոպרŶĶ磬ˣеӳŹǸһǧһ顣ȳȥ
ʹڴӦ¡Ǳй滹Ǻս˰ʱ
ȻϰߺûйӦԾɻһֿҪƣС
ҲⶨȻǹұƣȻͷβûзӦɢϣɱɱͺá
濪ʼ´棬߶߶졣
ȴζĶ
ȥô죿㻹Ҫҵȶã
ⲻΪѵǹԸ檣
ҪӦ¡ϽԸΪ檣Ҳ᲻òֻ㵱ޣ̧ýȢϾҼȢ㣬Ѿίˣ˭Ǳ˴ء
ҸѾ϶ῴңԺǶѼˣ㶼ż𣿡
ˣӦùͲˡʱʽס
ôȷ
ÿζظӵĲ飬˵ûºûˡ
ɫ˲һ䣬֪Ӧ¡˵
ȷβˣ
˵βˣҰϺҲûжĸƣ˭۵ӰϺ˵̬ȾܿǼҲҪϽ˴˺̧ΪҾ͵ˣ
ŮûҲݰɡ
һǼҵĺ˸ͻϵĹϵҲͶˣﳼ֮ˣ˭ֻΪȻǺޡʱǾͿ˫˫ˣ𣿡
ţҵ㡣
ѾˣҧĿ졣
Ҳ̲סЦĻȣȻ֮ǰӦ¡ߵСµܿһһ˽ªޱȵСˣԳŲϡϾ˲ûüֵմһֵζ
˻ñ˵ĲҳδҪˣӦ¡ȴҪһΡ
ֻҪŵʱٻȥ¶ˣʱء
⻰Żæµ͵˵󣬡޳ܡӼѾҪͻڶˡ
֮󲻿ٴδҲûбӰ죬ֻоҪӰú޲óȥˡ
ʱ򣬾΢춯
˻ûзӦͻȻһա
ܵıסԼ΢Сһĳ顣
ֻһ˺ܿ˵ݶϣݶлȣͱųֱƽɵĵͣ¡
ѹ˳ϣֻоûʲôʱŵ亹ֱð
飬飬㡭
ꡣ
һŻ˵ϢϣʱںڰвĻΪʥּʱҶҲ˵
һŻڵ涯Բá˵
û¡ûˣûˣ
Ϊȫڣ˵ʵոսʧصĸо̫ˣڻûл
㡭أɿҡһſڵ
ŷӦΪºͽţӵ˲䶼һֱųġ
ŵҪϽ룬ȴֲУΪֶѹڳ¡
Ǹܵ鲻֣黺̧ͷһֻԴµģ̧̧һֻ£ŵŲ
һԣԱ߳ĶҪ˵ͻȻһԱ˻⡣
̫оˣȻ˻ӡ
ƺսһ㣬ܿҲڵͷԼƺڲ鿴
Ҫ˵ƿˡ
飿һ˶ɡ
ȹ۲һ£Ҷȵ˰ȫС
һ㶣Σ𣿲ԣҲǺֱŪʲôء
ܿ죬ҵ̨˻⣬Ž
ŸΪܾһտңֻ̨һǽһϾɵиֳ롣
֪ǲŵĵطˡ
϶ϣע⵽һС
ֻαװһ£˵г𣿻ֻܴȥ
鵹ûмŷңݶ¿˿ǵĵطѾˣٲȥٿţǡ
ȥӦǲˣӦûбĳڡҡ㡭ȿĶ
ǵµĵطԼԼһ㶯ȻС֤˻ûߡ
ȻѰҳڣӺ棬ΪʲôаңЩżϵﰵ⣬ֱָ﾿ʲô鲢֪
ÿ붼򿪣ճҵ˱װõĺüżţƤֽ͸ˮɣһר־͵棬͸Ͻ򿪰һһŵķ棬ɫˡ
̫ݴǡ
ݴǣԮĸٽǳս֮У֮Ϣݴݴսɳʬ޴棬սһ
Եݴдս
ɫüѿȻ֪п϶⣬ǲ֪ЩżȻڴ˴ǸαģΪ°ѱϵǸ˻ûҵЩ
ķû뵽ȴõˣ϶кܶϢֵáү
ܿѹסԼ߷Χڵһֱûлͷܺá
ѶֱӰãΪС׾·в
һ񼯣3Ѱżɣ10㣬ܼ22㣬ȣ3%
ˣһ˷ܣͻͷˣ֪ڲǸ˵ʱ򣬽ɫλû䣬ڻңҲ˵ʻǺܸߣ̸Ӧ¡ɵܶɱڡ
ϵͳֿô򵥣Ҫƽ׸ڵɡ
ھ͸оɱ
оĲȷڶҵŷʱʱˮѾжϳˡ
﷢飬ҲϣȥҲһֱԼ˵Ҫɱ
Ҫ֪ʵܼ򵥣Գ䲻ɱˡҲ˻ֻʧ˶ѣʬ嶼ҵ
ǡոȴһֱڻ
ôߵĵطȴûײκεطӸոǲ̫ȻĶ֪һײĵˡ
Ѿľˣǲۣǰۡ
磬ҵˣҪѹƿĻͻܴҪˣߡ
ǾϢһ°ɡɼ򣬸оۡȴǱܵĲ󿴣¿ʲôÿġ
Ϣɡ
̤ݶѵ
ͻȻվ󣬻ڵΪʲô
ĵطȴѾذ׺ǰ


23 
һҹδߣһ˵ֱ糿šԭļƻǴڷڶģȴȥˣ鲻òȻ뱻Ӱ죬ʹȥ⣬ȴע⵽ķھȻҲûˡ
ĳ˽
ͻȻһжͦЦģҲԼĸΪʲô˷Ѿע飬ûãֳ֣
ģ
Ȼһ͸˴𰸡㰡ȥҴ㣬ϲʲôÿβϲʲô´Ծ͸ɴһ¡
ԼһʮֺɣǷ飬ȫ֤
ǳȴ̫šϣ㲻ȥ𣿡
ٸƭ
ô֪ģ㿴ˣľˡ
ǵȴȴǳĻش𣬶һƬϢļž
ȵȣǿԼıˣԸոյĻشţ
ˣɻƭˡ
ǡȥ˴󣬰·һܡϽ˼
ŶʲôܣЦֱҲһͷܸоһѹѹͷܱƵġ
ָָ棬ſεʱǾͷĻᡭͰ쾭鶼˳顣
ͻȻǰΪ㵡ȴһѹϵֺѹҲʧˣûƭˡ
ںɽ͵ԣֹȥΪˡ
ɵӦ¡ˣ֡ʱҲ˾Ǻɽӡ˵ˣˣȻôҽ㣬ɱڣո㼰ʱңǡ
˵˰죬Ϊϵĸ̾һ£ǰֻſյĿ
ôɵˣ
ܣڳǰ˰ڣŻعֻЩܵ£ͷƺЩƣ
Ҳվۣ£͵ҲͰˣҲ˵ʲôû뵽ȢҪĸסǶˡҲʲôˣá
ôҪжϣϵ
ͻȻʵһ㶣תͷ飬ȴֳ˫ÿķƵĻԵʮִֵĶصŲˡ
ǡҲûУǵ
ֻѣͳƽʱ˵ǳͬͺڸ˵Ǹ߸ϵ̫Ԫȼαװĳ顣
ʮֽţӲҪݾƤǰƿƤ¶֪ôشŲǵ
ĬɬȻЦôϲ𣿡
󾪣ʲôʲôʱ֪ġ
΢ͷްôشɷ񶨣
Ȼ˲תô֪ģԭϲѾǲʵ˵ѷ񶨡֮ǰΪ˱ƭһ裬ǰϲͳͻˣҲܱ˾ûˡ
ŵʿˮڳʵӵĿУڴòݸ壬װһѹӣڡ
㶼֪˰ҵȷϲ󣬲Ƕ¶µС㺣ÿȥҲ졣Ѿϲˣֻͬ˰ˡ
Ŷôײϲˣ
ΪʲôҪ׷ʣͷҪ˵߳ܵĻ˵õ͵͵أһֱп϶˵кôѵҵףŹң¸Ӳܰɡأ̫ˡ
ûôǣԱǵͳžһͻȻһ˿һʯͷžһ㲨ơ
ΪϲϱΪϲ˾˾ˣ
Ϊ˵ĺһϲɵС
ʵڴĦ͸뷨ˣ뷨Ҳ޷ġ
ôش𣬼ά˵ǣϴ˵Ǳ˵ģ˫۾е˵ڣѹɽ󰡡
شңϲϲ˭
ͻȻصһ˲˳˫ۣвγ˾޴ѹȸֱԴ·ȻĿڣ㡭
һڣͼɫˡ
˲٣ˡ
㡭ҲֻǵĲϲҲû˭涨Ҫϲһɣ㣡СС͵ĶʲôһŤת˻ŵúʪˡ
˵ȴֺˣţôһ˵ǰ
ܼ
ҵ̧顣
ȴֳ˼룬ָֺܿԭŤͷܿߡ
ֻǺѣ粻Ըˡ
ʲô͹ˣ
ȵȣڵ״̬ô£
ڵԴѾʺˡ
ȴڵ͵͵Լദո˵㡯һ˲䣬ΥĸܵٵʻС
ҵӣѾˣϲˣֻ֪ûᣬԲҳϰˡ֮ǰҲᣬһֱС̹̹ˡ
֮ͨ󣬳оһֱĪص˺ܶ࣬Ҳָˡ
ȻϲˣҲܸһ𣬵ᱻƭϷˣĸоֻҪûƭͿһ
ˣոձʱ𣿡
ͻأתƻ⡣
ײһЩط¶
û뵽ﾹȻңûǱܣһʲôܵĵط֪ɲ̫á
ǣǡ
ô˵Ҳ˵ɱˣôˣôͻȻô˵ˣ
ֱڶҷɾ
鵹ԹԵԲѣҲзְţˣһʱ䲻ȥֻܴţֱ֡
ļܣ²NPCҲҵؼϢ
֮ǰ񿴼һֻ󡣡ͻȻ
ְźһֻ̽·
ĽľһӦ¡ǰͬĽû˵ġ
̸䣬Լִ˶Ѿҵĵزˡ
ɫ࣬ˡ
һոε̲ס͵һ³顣ɫ糣Ĭոյûзˡ
һһνĵͦ죬ûˡ
Ϊ˽һȷûˣƾɵǰ
ֱճָʾһŲԭĵڡ
ҲΪʲôϵͳҪæˡ
ɾУҲñ֤ɺ
ǽڶðź̶¶ɬҪӾˡԭë
ԭУǺͲһȥҵģҵҵʱ϶ֻгӦ³ҵһҲðմӺ̶ߣòϴӰǱ߰ȥ
һûвϣһ´ңֻߺ̶·
ϵͳڻˣڻҵʹ̽·𣿾͸ոնһˡ
Ҳû뵽ʲô·ûֻк̶۲һɫˮпҶˮģӦûһڡֻǲ̶֪ڶԶ
ֽں̶棬Ѿû֪ˣҲֻԿˡ
׼·ȴ·еŷ⣬ҪܿѣͻȻͱסֱۣ
鿴ͼһĿ塣
ˮ䣬ʧ¡
鲻Ļһ䣬磬鵱Ȼֵõʿ䰡˵žͿʼ·˵ˣ屾Ͳãʲôëô죿࣬㣬
üֱѵֻʣһпˣŲĿ⣬ˮܺΣա
֪ܲ𣿵ϵͳʾĲУˣ
԰ɡ˵Ϳʼ˶ҪȫӾˣҺڵ֮ǰǿ׳˺ܶࡣû֮ǰ˶ȫѡ֡
׼úһʼ̶Ҫˮ̵Ƥֱۣʹս
ˮҪû֮ʱͻȻֱ۱ס
̧ͷ飬ƺǶͷԷӦˡ
ССģС
Цģϧ
˵꣬Ϳˮã̶ͿӰˡ
鿴Լԥһ£ڵҵԼߣոסڵġĲС档
飬аյġ
ƾʲôΪðء
˱ۣʼмʱ
ûҵڣϷصʱ䣬ǵʱǼޡ
κ춯۾Ҳûκ˳
ֱʼܿƵŲĲһ䣬̲סº̶
ʹҵڣϢһٷأҲʱˡ
ˡ
ˣ
ôֵط
类ɱ
һˮУȴͻȻʲôײ漴һˮ档
˱ˮļϡ
תͷһ˵ݣ¹ĺᣬ
Ҳأײңôңû°ɣոǲײͷˣǺˮ
Ǳ˰
һֱڴϢֻ΢ȴһֱֱĿ
ֱˣ͸Ͻ̫ˣ̫ͣãҶҪˣϽˮңеԶסһ·ѵһţڱϾͺãֻҪС˾Ͳ̫
ȥ֪϶Ҫŷ⣬Ҳֻôˡ
áţȫûոյ顣
ܿ˾׼ˣͷǱˮУһеĸо䣬谵ˮ£ֻԶһʲôûУ廹ڲϵʧ£ľһˣԼĻҪʮ㡣
ţͻȻڴʹǡ
ҧ֪ҪŵڲС
˳ε˳ڣȥһͷҪ顣
ȴûпӰˣˮ˰
ʱϵͳǳӵķ˾
һ˻ȥȻͿʧȥʶˮл䡣
Ǹ߹尡
ܿס˳飬ѾǺˮιȥˣż
Ͻȥ
òڣȴʡ¡
ϵͳ
ϵͳ⣬浤ҩںͻ޷2ˮԽ죬ʧ
ˮ
Խ˹
ϵͳգ


24 
ʱ򣬻Ѿˮˡ
ǻĸоѾ޷Ȼֻˡ
۾ȡȫߵľڶ
ɫܰף֪ǱãǱѬã¶ˮС
ͻȻʶ򴽣оһ˿ڵͫɫͣĴϡ
һ̧־ܴǡ
µģģһͻ죬
ۣǰŰȫͬ
ôһˣһΰıԵ˻
ЩĸоɵļҲüƺЩӦ΢΢ſڣҪҧס˵Ķ
ͫһĴָͱȰɳɳͷɨ
ͺ̵һϽ˳ˣڰѴӻ˯Ūѡ
һѣֱӾͿüͷӣƻϡ
̫ˡ
һӦǱһҪ
ѵԼ͵סޣ˹˹Ǵһѣס
ֶڹŴҲǺܲŵģѵǵãԾñᱡˣҪ
侲㣬Ҹ㽲ũߵĹȣ
㡭
㱼ع񣬷֣ޱץ޴룬ǲǻţ
⻰˵Ŀɲô˰ġ
ϣǲϣһŰ
Դ²ۡ
ҵʱˮˡ
һǰһҰԼ˼ˮιȥˣҾ͸Ͻ˳û뵽Ƕڸǵĺɽŵġ
֪ǲ飬оԼ˵⻰֮󣬳˱䡣
Ȼ֪Լô£ˮ壬ڵҩԷ·õ˰Ͳʱ䣬һֻ⼤Ժܿȥ
ɨһȦȷˣԺᣬʱͬһԡͰС
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ûռ˵˼
ҩԡһȥͲܶϣںƲܵˡ
ͷȻ֪ʱҲûж룬ֻڷӦһԡͰеΡ
ͻȻɫ΢䣬Ҳҵ·
ʿˮҺõʱӻǵôһ顣
Ǳߣʱż·Ҳе׿㶵ţԾֱˡģû˿˳һֱæˮҲûʰ
鿴ȥʱÿĵʪյ·ǵʱסӡû¶ڡ
Һá
ⲻ֪顣
ջߣһһ˶ĿԡͰϣڵлң飬һסġ
˭˭۲ˣǱ˴˼ǵöͺãһǱֵܣÿͷлġ
ǧҪסҾȹϽҵݰɡ
ʱ˶Ǵŵ׿㣬ϰԡͰеģ滹治ڣɴѡһǶſš
ͻȻ⴫
ܣǶ𣿡
һ顣
򶨵ĵͷ
ڣҩԡ
Ŷްһˡ
ܿ죬űƿ磬ܿһӰ˽ûп棬ֻǰʳС
㶼ˣǲǺúõô뵽ȥˮġ
һûڣΪ
Ӧ¡ողǰĿģװŻ
ǾҪȱȿ˭ˮˡôҵˣûˣֻϧϯ
ʲôϧģҸˣҵ֪£Ҳûˡ
ҵĴ
ĻƽǣҲһҲԴѣ͵ֲˡ
飬
תתֱӵͷ
͹ӦˣҪȥҴġ
ǺúݣǵóԵ㶫ˡӦ¡˵꣬òǣȫһ⣬Ǽʶɹʲô˵ʲôǴԴ벻
δ㡣ʵ
϶Ҫߴˣ²ţǾԲԸҴĵ˹һӣǡǹŴŮӺȻҲԣվһǴֵӣûĸҿɿϺҲǣĸȥĻǵĴ͸Ӧ¡һˣԴĿԻܴ󡣡
Լô̹ϵĸ˵ˣҲͿڵֻбһ˵֪ԴΪвӦ¡ĹϵǴҲ֪ˣͲһˡ
ô˵
ѾʧӦ¡κΪ˱ȫȻҪ޸Ӧ¡ˣΪ򲻿ܵġʧκݣֻһ·
ǵĸˣҴȢҲ±˴ǵļǣ
취Ӧ¡ģӦ¡·ǲܳɹġ֪ˣҪֹǵĹϵҲʧܡ
ͻȻһ㶣ԴӦĿų顣
ֻһһٵķʵͷβֻһ·Ǿɥ޼Ȣ˳ıӦ¡Ҳ˳ӭȢκ֪ʱô룬κһҲΪİ취ãһǲֵӦ¡һǿܻӦ¡һ֮ⳡıв֪֪κλ·
˵ͿɫѾ԰ףˡ˶٣ʵֻһ棬㲻ô
˵ǶԵġ֪ûһԭ彡Żܿ첡һжӦ¡ıûޣֻɥżȫԼ
ɶ񣡡ֱ̧ԡͰϡ
ܳܣͼʵӦ¡Ӧ׼ͦõˣǱˡ
ûô򵥾͵͸йؼ̲סѧѧԡ
Ӧ游µʱӦ¡պÿƾ٣ȥõλĥȴֱӱ棬ǰ;ȻΪܱǣģʵյʵ۵ϰߺ͵ʱĳ͢ȱûλǺô룬Ҫһӡ
ʱӦһةൣμ࿼٣ةӦҾةһģ֪ةĳŮ
ǹе÷ɣܳӣʮĻӡ
ͷӦ¡һֱҪõةʶΪĻӵδЧһֱšһͻƿڡ
ͻƿڣ԰κģκĴŮҲ˹ˣ÷ɲǵжôҪκף
ΪκԼֻһҫߵĵûȣûգ˸ո빬ݺ÷ɰæģκ֪ةˣκĻӵ
ͻȻ׹ˣΪʲôԭУĻӵİҲһһʼΪƵģϾҪĻӰģˣԭԼĿġ
Ҳ˵е÷ɺǽ˵״̬ˡӦ¡ҲͻƿڣͶκֻҪף͵κˣ˳ĸĻˡ
ûͷΪԼĸ֮·Ȼ谭ȥҲ˵Ӻܾ֮ǰ׼Ҫɱˡ
̫ˣӭȢģûӣҲΪӦٳ꣬ûйҲпͰɣΪҳ£ܸˣҲְֺɣֺ룬ҴҲô򡣡
룬Ȣ˻ǻ˵ģԼĹ;κι㡣
쿿ŮˣֱЦˡκϷˣ
Ⱥƭʵޡκû·ˡ
ŮκΪίϣ
˸վȽŸó˳£˵δˡ
ò˵ԽôãһеĸܵȨ֮ĹĶǺıƣһʱ仹еӦеˣһ̤̽䣬Ļп
һ𺳵ӣЩ̣ƺе㵥ˡ
عһǵ˰͸һУҪȻıסˡ
ǿųôοԼͻȻе㲻
ҪЩĵ˶ȥûһУ̫ˡ
лл
һ㶣ͼһϣлл㡣
˵ЦˣüǶЦ˺ÿĻȣһ̫š޽٣ȻЦݣѾǵԼûмˡ
㲻˵ǲҪͷлסͺˡݵ
˿̶ǳ˸мˣ˵ôܱ㣬Ҳ¡
ôӵ϶룬Ĳܸȫ棬Ľָòɵ
һڣȴûоᣬһֵ⡣
ΨһľȰ鱻¶֮ǰ룬취Լ±Уĸһ£Ӧ¡һ֡һӦңʤ
ֱһ׽ڴ˶֪ʲôһڶأ
ʵŮӱͺѣܳɹĴ඼ܣŮģǰհϺԣµ֪ҲͬģкŮӰǵĻ£Թ͵ɣҲû֤֤ɱˣҪǲһƶʵͷҲɹ
ɫ˰ףŴŮӹȻӲ̡
Լһ׽ֻһ֣Ӧ¡檣˹;ϣκ˶ܵӰ죬Ҳ᲻ӦңǱ㻹кӹ𣿾Ӧ¡ǸԣһеĴڱϣûӣǵĲӱĵ
ִһȭһ书ͺˣովͲܣֱӦ¡
ҪҲżȱ㱻ժ֮еǰ취
˫Ŀų飬ȵߣóܲסô˵ɣ𣿡
ᡭ
أͻȻſڴҵ
ԡͰ˽һ
˭ôûò
漴֣
һţߣʧ񣬽ĳͻȻ⡣
Դһ£ͼƺɨһ̧ۣ־Ͱһմˮ׼ȷĶϣסһ롣
žŲԼһǣ


25 
û뵽ῴľ󣬼ֱ綼ܵ˳
ӦžӣתƳ硣
ǸҡѾ֪˵ʲôֻоԴ˵ġ
ǺˣһΣҪ͡
ĳȵڵǸҩԡôżȽˣʲô¶ұ𣿡
ǣ£һҩԡһԼ
֮ǰǲСˮˣõġ鵭ŻҪһЩʱּܳЦˡ
ſͱϣоԼûв廰Ļô£
ˮ֣ȥ
ҲʶһֱǳڸԻɴָյʻ
һȴ֪ôشˡ
֮ǰ˸ţڵ͸Ӷˡ
Ϳ˳顣
ѯ΢΢˼һͿڵʲô飬Դҩԡ˵
ȻǲóҲ֪Ǽ£ֱӵУҴЩҪֵ֡
áϽӦ
ɳɳƵģĶˡԭǱģһ̲סͷһۣҲֻܿԼԼӰ
ոսȥʱǱȻס˴Ƭţǰĵļֱ۶׵ı¶׻һƬϺõ֬
ӺӵһܿԵԭӡЩֵˣһ𽥴ĥâ״
ǡһҩԡ
ͨҲˣڲϲ𣿳ӦҲɣô׵һԡǲЩˣ
һڣת뿪
Ѿȷˡ鵭
ոŭ壬Ӧ֪ĶӦ¡˽ͨ¶֪֪Ͳˡϵ£Ϲܵģšɲ˲ϵˮոüëϵһ۾ˡ
һ꣬ͿĳĿЩĿ
ôˣ
üҵġ

˳źϸģλӿʼҩԡ˳žȥ鷿ԡҪ·ˡ
һУʵ򵱳ѿֱӵԼġΪ㲻Ҫˡ
Ҿһ鿴ԽԽڵ飬Īı仯ͺһëһոҲΪ˲ǰʧ񡣡
˵ţĿʹĲӿʼɨ
̹֮鰡ڳĿⰵʾ£ͻȻԼǰСֵܶҪ̲ס߲ˡ
ֲŮӣֶû˼ô˰ι
Щ߳ŭģǵġ
ǻΪ˿ǷŭӣֱĻ졣
Դʼˣ˵̫˵ˣΪʲôܸоﲻԡ
ֱֹҡ
ץǳ鴤㲻𣿴һµġ
˭˵ˣҾҪɫȻ˵
񡭡ȷû˵뵱ȻΪġ
ܸоԼЩɴֱˮи˴꣬Ŷ˻ȥ
鵹ûж˵ʲôֱšҲϲ˲漴ʹ۾ϣסһֻ¶˸ͦıӣĴ꣬ԼǶȻ߸ոպõ°͡
һһЩУһЩصİ䵱ͷһ嶼ʱź¹͹޳Ĳ;µǣȻԸˡ
󡣡
ͻȻŪסˣǳ뷨ˣڶǰϷ𣿾Ȼֱ˵˵˵ĻȥС׻ܲˣ
ûӦô᲻ã
Ƥһ
ܣΪ׽ȫķǵãûİ취֮ͬ갡ң²ˣ黹æ˵ǹϵͦõ𣿡Ц
һȷҵѣȻẦ
ԺԶɣüֵԲẦ
ҪµѲƤ˵˴˵лǡ
漴˵˼ƻ֮Ժֲֻˢ¡
ѹһ˵߸ܳδܳΪǧһۣǶӣ̫ˡ
һ˳̧ˮˡ
үүˣٲѣСҪȥҴˡ
ΪķԸ˳ֻӲͷƤȥҪҩԡȥ㿸ס
ʱǷһʯϾӦǲˣ˳Цûˣ˳ţҶˡ
˳ķԸСԡͰм䣬ȻѴ׼ʳмϣ˾ͿԡͰԷˡ
Ҫ岻мܵĸо
ʳпĲʽ󲿷ֶԭǰԵġ
ҲǸԭζֻͬڻڼڼ䣬ܷԼɰߵͳͳ˳顣
Ե㣬㻹̫ˡ
鿴ЩԵʳջʲôû˵һһϸϸƷζҲƷǰûƷζҲôѳˡ
극֮󣬳ˣǷȴģɫҲԽĲÿ
һʱڵⶼɢŽ֮󣬲ŴԡͰ
Լں̶̫ãվܺˣ᲻̳ҩպҪȥҴðѰȥ
ûлԼԺᣬû˵ķ䣬պÿ鿴ŷ⡣
ҵһʼӺ̶ߣ°ŵĶǷˮġ
ŷʪյ·óá
һһһһϤԾȻֽϡ
ǵ׾˶ıƣױݺΪ˶˵ҰĶ·Ƶġ
ΪʲôûвΪʲôᱻǰˣתȴ˿ûв
ϵɱԽԽأ۵ѪһƬ
ͻȻ𸸻ʺǰ˵һ仰
Ԫȼܴʲô鶼Ӧ֣ѵ飬㶼ܰãϧһ̫˳ˡ
ʱ̫˳
еˡ
Ϊ̫˳ԻߵˡٴˣûоıƵݺôܵˡ
̫˳ˡ
˱ۣе̶ֳȵĳѾҹҹƷ꣬ѧѺ⵱ˡ
ʼרעţһӣѾȫżݡ
żպãɲʪ·档ż߿϶ȫʵԭõĵطǸ֪ģǻᱳֻл͸¶ˣɣԲٷŻȥұĵطʱȥһˡ
µЩţҲʱ䴦
ȳʰһУҲˡ
һţ͸оŲ鸡΢΢üô˵
ܺ˶ѣԼҩͺã˳Ѿȥҩˡ
֮ǰһûиоʱԽͷӦԽǿҡ
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鿴԰׵ɫòҩɡ
ɫһΣ㶼ܿ
˲ü֣ԣҩɢ򲻻Ū
ҲİӣһԣްġһЦʲô¶
ȴ˱䣬Լ˻ǡá
ЩڳϵĲĽ֮ɫͻȻӦΪʲôĸпǴ濴˸йص飬һǲõġ
ɵ뵽Լļˣʵ顣
һĸ׺ʹĵĺú۰Υ飬һ¡
뵽ЦЦ㲻ҲҵļˣҲܺõġ
һ㶣ϵıݡ
һתòǡֱ˰ɡϽҲǰ㲻ãģԺҿ϶׵ܵһá
Ƚ綨ݣ֤ԼûзǷ֮롣
ллˡ
Ǹ˻ǲˣΪ䣿
²͸˼ֻɵЦӦԡ
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ܿ죬˳ŶҩˣŴҩ治һĿɬһȥ˿֭ӻˮƵġɰӣֱӴ۽
ȿζȥŸоˡ
´Ρ´κҩǰһ׼۽Ҫ֡
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̲סҪȥ˵ϻжʱ䣬ҩһȽϺá
һ⻰ʱйѵĽǲһоҪˡ
鷳ˣҾϢһ
ͷŴԼĶ뿪
صԼԺͼһҪŵӡ
ˣпˣɫЩȻ
ܺأ岻ʣϢһȥӦµϯ˵ʱȻ̸
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Ϊѵԥһ£鲻̫á
˶٣뵽Ӧ¡Ĺϵ϶Ҳȷˣ򲻻ԼȥӦ¡ϯ鲻Ӧί
뵽ĸӼ尾ˡ
һߣܵ˯һǲþͱʹкѣŵ˳һ
үû°ɣȥ
ˣ˵ܺˣӦŶӣ˫ȴŲ˳Ѿ԰һƬˡ
Ȼ֢״е㼱
ʵǸʹкģʹƣǺȡ
봩·ûˡ
Уү㻹ǱȥˣúϢһ°ɡ˳ŶҪˡ
û뵽֢״ôأϴҲû˵ôŰѵԼӲãԲŻ
û취ˣʱ䲻ˣֻܶһ̳ҩˡ
ǿðҩ2㡣
˳ŵȻ͵͵ķҩܿ͵õ滺ҲֻܴﵽЧӰж屾ϸ֢״ڡ
ͻѣѾǺܺõЧˣ⡣
ָ˳ŶԼүˣһ˵ָָܻġ
·֮󣬾˳֪ͨȥԼȥԺˡ
ʱѾЩ̫ѧԺǾۼԺӦ¡дţǰһһ
ڡ
Ҷ˹ľͿӦСĴ
һȺŮм使εЦţһ㶼޷ģ
ǴæˣΪ˵㣬ĴҶûгԺáޱһˣûķ̣˿Ҳ֪һ¸硣
˵Ǹһˮģ˵ǻһҩԡˣûжԡͰ𣿶ƽʱܹˣϰ߸˹ԡԺʱһҿ϶̧ԡͰæ֮ǰһֱâҸ˵һȴ˵ʲôȤ飬̲סȤ
֪ԭԭԳƣ⻰лȻ岻ͬ
Ȼôһ˵һǶ붮״̬ȻʹһЩ¶˱Ŀ⡣Ͳ˰ɣżԼֵܣüôడ
ŮǱߵûзӦֻΪڳЦϾǱֵܵĹϵ벻ôš
һˮȻһҩԡһ˭˺˲ĳЩҪҥȺֵˡЦ£ļܵҵܵܣ̧ԡͰ˸ɵĻء
ɫ˱䣬̵Ļ̵Ļܣʲô˵ʲô
˵Цˡ
ȻûǰöԸˣ仯е࣬ͨʲô
ɧ󣬾Ȼͥ¥ȥˣǺ־ô̵˲ȥϣĪı
룬͵磬˵Դѹô㲻ңҲദĲôҲûöˡ
˻һŮǱߵǷӦͦġ
ӦСһ칫µģϲڵĳϣοǱֶ룬ǰɣ
һ飬ҪǵģҸ粻ġҸֶҲûʲôϵ
ǲһأſεˣЦ
㣡ӦСƵĺݺݵĵ
˵ʲôأô֡ͻȻһº͵һУƿ˻˰һ辫µĲ
˵ƽµˣһ˿Щ㡣
˵꣬ǰֱۣƺڰ£Ͼӡûת
ˣô˵Ҫ𣿡
ŪģոеĲ춼ɢˡû£㡣
Ȼ׷Źֿ֮ĵĽЦţĹģܡ
ӦСǱأ˿ҫ㾫ûгԹǳóԣ㵱ȻûԹɩġ
⻰¶ȣҲûж˵ʲô
ӦСȴ䳰ȷ²۵ǽյĲ㣬кüζȶǳɩ֣֮ҵʱҪúƷϾͷҷڳæģҼͷһݵġ
˵ɫѾӲˣ˶ʵŮӰ⿲ʲô£ǾԶҳڳ߹ŮҲһĹأ˭մȾ̻˭ͲŮƵġǻҪʳͳԵĿģӦСֱӱ˽࣬Լˡ
Ҫ⡣
ӦСǲСĸ²ֲۣûˣȥЦ
ȻҲЦǣ·²ѾϰΪԼһŮȻЦ̽ɷˣϺճŮ
˻һ˲ӦСȴ˿ûԼ˵ԾԽư⵹ǰͬݵޱǵˡ
ǲԣǾͱԣ˷ҽա
˭ϡ
СޱĿ࿴ˡ
ȻϽֹҺţ·ûƢƵģȶ¼壬ǿš
Ӧţ漴һᣬ㣬ζе֣ǲǻˣ
ȣôᣬʵʳİ
㳢һ⣬㻹԰Ѹ㳷ȥ
дֱӽӹеĸ£ûⰡ
ЦЦܺˣζӰˡ
⻰ֿʼ˵û䣬ͻȻһʣ̲ססͣɫࡣ
ҪôˣŻʧ̬˳
ˡ
ôˣޱü
Ǹ㲻ɾɡӦСû侮ʯ
ȴü֣ʱ򣬴ҲʱʱĸŻҵʱȥ򣬲ȴЦ˵֪Լô£ұġҿ̬ɣʲô⡣
˻һڳֻΪǳθ⣬΢һŮȴɫ䡣
ȴһǵӣȥ
˵ôˣ
òǡ
ޱʼҧ䡣
ɫѾ࣬ŭϵӣȻ̲סվһҪߵӡ
ӦСϽסҡͷҧȥ˵ֻ岻ãģĺýãҸأԲṼġ
ŻİϢȳЩ鰧ԹĿӦСǧҪɲһ޹ȥ˵ĺһ˺ӣ¿϶Ҫ¶ˡ
ӦСһļᶨͷ͸ŮʿƵ׷˳ȥ
ʱѾˡ
ô㣿ǵ
Ѿź󱳣ż̧ͷ⣬ϽȥҸոճԵǵ˳Ե
Ѿ߸Ͻȥ¡
Һûԡ˿ʼȲ衣
ԡԲ𡣡еСΡ
ҵǸЦˣ˲ǣˣϽذɣ˶ˡ
ͷתȥȻϾͿ˹ӦС̽鱨ġϾ̫æˣӽˡ
ιأҽڲʱϢһ¡
ɩӣҹһôˣҪҪ򰡣
ֱӦСֱ׳ӶЦˡɩӣ㻹ɩӰ
⻰ʲô˼ӦС˴Ƶŭ
ģɩӺõĺܣҲҪ򡣺ܿǸϿܾҪд仯ˡ
Ȼ⻰ӦСɫˣɲʲôڴ顣
ЦӦ¡ģӦСй֮޲
ԼĹ۸Լ͵ôݵΪǽס
ӦС϶֪ŴɩΪҲ޿ֻ֣ǲ֪岻Ӧ¡õİ취ɥ޶ޡ
ƭ˵İɡӦСվ̲ס
Ⱥ£ƭЦӯӯķʵ
ӦСò۾ɴ󣬱ǿ׶ŴˣҲ㣬ҪȥҸ硣
绹֪أҲûãԺϢɣ֤һ𺳵ġζ˵ת뿪
ͻȻûôһֱײԱߵǽϣ۵嶼ˡ
ţ𣿴֡
ӦСô˵ˣ֪ôڵҿ㲻˰ɡ
˵ʲôҪѸ㿴𣿡ֱʾ̡
û뵽ӦС£㱾Ͳˣ磬ŪϷСģҪΪƢã˵Ӧһν飬ûûƤȥܶʲô뷨İɣڲǱϳԭԺ϶ͬһҾجΣĵˡ
룬Թɱ֮ǰԼ۵ˡ
Ҳ׹ӦСôľİĿҪ˼ҽءһ뵽ΪԼ˼ȫѾΪǼ˵ŮŮ˻ھľչǣǶ͸ˡ
Ҿ㣬Զһ㣬ҾͰĳȥ粻˿Фġ
²㻹֪¡ôд𣿲ӦСۣ˫ԴǵĽѵ϶ȻˣǾԭˡ
ҾФôٸͬһԺṲͬϲȫ֪ϰҲָơһϴ裬ǲǺĽЦ
ӦСסɫߺ죬㡭㲻ҪԼƭ
һû˵ǻһŴϴأȥӦСԽԽס޳ı飬ĻЦϸûˡ
²ɣҵļֲи£Ҳ𽥶ҸĹۣ㿴Ըˣ㹴˼öĴ
㣡˵ϲˣԶܽġӦСѾڴתˣίӿͷ
ϲŮʲôأɰٴȻؿ㣬ȻˣҵģȻŮˣȴÿ㡣Ͳ飬Цôδеʱ䣬еǰ취ġ
ˣˣҪļˡ
ҲùĳЩŮ˿õֻΣһӵò
ԭgetǰСšѾͷãˬȻ߾Ҫߴ磬ЩɱɱĿ·ҷҪöˡ
ӦСֱʧȥˣ̧־Ҫһơ
û뵽Ů˵ķӦǿ޿󣬶ҪˣȻͣҪֵ̧ס
ͻȻӦС͸ͣһסˡ
̧ͷȥΪǲˣͼһ֮ɫĶ
ʱһֲԤУĵĻͷȥ
ȵĹսǴվ˽Լѵӣһţһ
ֻŵͨһ˸
ǸѾ׺ˣ絶
ȾңȾңȾң


26 
׻˵úãһʱˬͻ᳡
ھվڻ᳡ıԵΪ趼ڸոձˡ
ŵĿǽϣԭͱײˣڸˡ
ҲӦСˣᣬӲóᡣ
ոտڣͼջر絶Ŀ⣬üѹͣ۵׵Ŀڵȸˡ
·һˣƵġ
ųתߣֱ©һģ군ˣ
Ҳ˲Ͻƣ壬۵׷ȥ
·ʱֻü˵һǸᡣ
ûתͼҴҵ׷ȥ
ֱӦСջ׷ߣĿǰŮˡ
ӦСǱĳ嵽ǰ״磬𣿸ոȻ˵㡭˵㣬ĶĻ죬ԺҪԶһ㣬ĵմȾˡ
ŽߵӦСֱӺһ
ж˵κλҪˡ
ӦСֱһ£ǿ棬磬ոû𣿡
ֻֿڳ붯ˣ˲Ҫ֪ңСҸӦС㲻죬Ըƺңʧ
ǼİףԭӦСʣ޼ѾʧӦС񼸺ݡ
ӦСǿֻǲϳϰˣһ̻Ǳ˺ˡ
졭칫ӣΪ㡣ӦСѾ¡
Ҫ˵ĸһЩԺҺҵļԼԶһ㡣˵
ӦСͫһڿס˵Ĵ̼תˡ
һߣ׷ϣס
Ϊ֮ǰƭԼ˾᧿Σˡʼն֪۾Ǳ˵ıѺƭԼΪ˱һҲȲѣϾֱУδҲʲôţһּƭǾԼˡ
ᣬᡣһžĽһͨһ֮£Ź˵ģҲϲģҸ˵
ҽ͸֪ǹ˵Щġ鵭
ǡʲô
֮飬һڲá
⻰˵ĺȻ޷ֻҭסһĿų顣
ûЩɵʵ
ͻȻЦһΪʲôҪҪ𣿡
ͻȻѹŵúһûûС
˵û
Ժ˵ЩʱҪСĸǽжǱˣһɾûˡ˵ŷžµϼʹûб飬ȥڳ
ʿˮָԺҲҺˣҷġ
𣿲ðɡһ붼ġ
һ㶣ͼ˫ƯķĿЦбǶǵһƳȴǺĻꡣ
ȷֵϰߺϲãδҲȷϦദϴ裿һŴٻǿʲôһһİع
Ϊʲô֪ЩģΪ˵Щʱɫ˵һУȫϹ󲻻ŵķӦ
ͷ󺹵ĳųҡͷ֣þȫʾ񶨡
ϰϲ⣬סһ𲻿ɱĻ˽⵽ڻ˽أϴ裿һȥȪ£Ҳһȥֻ岻ûȥˣһŴǲƽ֯ҹʱ򣬶һϯ𣿡
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칹һΣ·̼ˡ
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ôӦòʲôѪɡ
ӣ֪Լᣬǳû¶һ˿һĶ
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Ŷԭˡ绹ĺ˵츳ء
ĻţЩĿų顣⵽ǽͳɹ˻ʧˣ
Զɫ̫ȻĿˣոǵĶԻˡ
ҲԼûʶǴ˿̵Ϊʲô
޷̧߹ȥΪķΧ޷ġ
ܿɫͱˣΪӦ¡߹
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Ӧ¡һҪסʱȴоߵ˶죬һ־ͱס
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Ǻڵͬ޵׶͸˿˿ǵ⡣
֮ˣеʱö֣֪ԷǲԼǵˡ
һ̣Ӧ¡ڸǵԷˣҪˡ
һ֮䷴Ӧ֮;ʮֿЦ
ϸһⲻǰϺǸСӱ
ʱҲ˸ոȻܿصɱüû°ɡ
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ǲ廹ûкðӦ¡Ҳɫ̫ãͱֳе̬ȡ
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Ӧ¡ǰֵԶ޿ޣк˳飬ҲЩ׼ϯŴȺ뿪
Լ̲סһֱ͵͵Ķţֱ뿪ų
֡ǰ
ϽǸȴֵ֪ᣬް
Ҫٸǿһ飬Ǻָоͺ˾ܾʲôһ
߹ȻȽϺø㶨̫ƽˣĳˡ
̲סƳ˳һۡ
·֪ῴԼƵģֱһü˵
ֻӦĸЦСǼڸոסԼķϣͲƽˡ
ɫ֣Ե𣿡
һ仰û˵ֻǿһۡ
ȡѵֱָų鲻ñܿܣһ𿴼ģҪΪ˱ܿǣҲˮ
ɫѿҲһȺͬһ߳׷СãСɲϡѾвϵˡ
˵ЩǸĿ֪ϣ޹ģҴõǸϣܶԴ±ܣϾ˭áһøֱӴؼҹؽգֱ˸Ӧ¡ĸ顣ԲӰ
гһЩķӦȻԤϵһģһ
ûô򵥡
üʲô˼
ֱӵˡ
һͣתҪȥˣȴס
֣Ҫ֪࣬ʱͱãϣǿۿ黺
󣺡Ҫʲô
㿴ࡣɫ
˼ᶨҲֻ˳ƶΪ
漴˾һص
˵һˣȵĶš
㵵磬ôѵǽ𣿡
󿴼ɫͲ̫ÿҲҵȷֵġ
ϲɵĺˣоΧ˶ڿƵģոջӦСĵ֤룬ⲻǴ
ʲôʱֶӹϵôˣɵʵ
ҪôʣȻش֮ǰʵ𣿡
ɫ˱䣬ͱ˵С֪ȥˣȥС˵ͼҴҵˡ
Ȼȴϯ
һȦҵ޵۾˵ӦСôˣ
硭ǲϲ
ôܣҸ粻зġȵ˵
ܻǰģ˼ѾֵôԣǻҾ
磬ôһ㶼ϧأСģҸ粻ϲˣҲûжףֻҪĵ㣬һΪɩӵġ
ĺһò׺ӦСżѯʸոյ顣
ʵûм˵
ӦСֱɫࡣ
ϽʲôֵŵģǻҪһʴ硣
ҡҹңһԭ
˵㣬ҲģõĽáӦСǲ˵Ҫϼס
Ů˵žͿʼжסԷ֣ҪһӵĺýãΪɩܡ
ܿҲصϯӦС¶ڰ飬ԷǱԵĸĺһʱ򣬺޲ɱˡ
ƽ֮ϯͿʼˣӷḻµĲʽԿΪ˰Ӧ¡һֻ˶˼ÿһĿζͼɻ䶼˼ҪһȺ֮ʿķ
תͷһҲѾָׯŵӦ¡ߣȫȻûп࣬Ÿӽۡ
ˣһûУԷɡͻȻ
عǰζȣȴЩʳ
ˣȴǷģһֱҲоһּĸо
û뵽Լں̶һôأǹԹɡ
Ժȴһǣֵ״̬ܺô
ϯӦ¡ȥǡ
˵ʱ͵͵ߣҪһӦ¡˵ôʵЩðյģϾ˵ãһ̫ѧͲټˣñ̲ȥˣһУô죿
֪ľٶһֱ˹۲šܿ죬ΪɸˡߵĲˣֻʣԼ˺
˵ҪͶǣٵȵȡӦСǵĶרﶢȥӦ¡ʱײ
ȻԼɷСӶЩʲôֻǹĵԽˣҸÿ˶׼ëƤ磬ʱ򣬿ϡ
˵ţкȥ׼õëƤ
ˣˣᣬȥ
ȴǰ㣬һ¡
¶⣬ĸߣΪʲô强ĻҪ˵
ӦСΪǽʲô¶ȫ෴ķߵģҲû⣬ȥС
ôˣʲôҪȥ¶⡣ǰߣǰһȦˣո߹һȣͿǰгĬĬĵŸǴ·صġ
ͻȻʵ㣬𣿡
һ仰ǰʴסˣܶˣǳˡ
㲻ãü
ûҸһֱྴ⻰ǲ٣ֻһֱûкӣͦԲסġȻͨȴұ֤һӱǵճϣҺܸлֻĸǱ߾ʮֲˡլ֮Ҳͬ˵ҲĪҪġ
ʵѾĴԭǸ߸ϵĹŮӦӦǹŵģΪĸҳ£һСǶﳼ֮±ϺĵλҲһǧɣһһֱûӣӦ¡治ӦЩҲò⡣
㣬᲻㿴ʲôʲôֻҪסһ㣬㻹ܵܿǰԤ롣
¶ǴδôһܵĵͷЦţֵء
ܿ죬ǰĳͣ˽Ų
һ̧ͷǾȻƵ˿Ժ󷽵Ĳ񷿡
߽ȥһ󾪣ôҲڡ
ˣɫ࣬ΪʲôҪ鲻㣬ĬĬΪð
֪ʲô޷ѹ޼ңȫûҪ
Ҫ˵ǳѾʾҶ񷿵СԣȥֻܿһƬɽ԰
Ǳߵ԰Ӧ¡뿪·ĵط֮ǰͳͷҵ񷿡
ãȻĿһУͻȻ洫ɷ
ɷĻһŮˡ
ôһ
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ôһû׽ˣ
ɫʼ仯Щѿ˲ҪʲôЩ𱸵ĿһۣСӲ¡Լ˱ŮˣѵҪ׽Ӧ¡Ը⣬Ҳᷴԣⲻʲô˵顣
̷֪Σο˼׸绹ǶŭⲻǸӦ¡鷳𣿲ȷЩȵģƾݵλôᡭ
Ը룬תߣҪװû
ȴסˡ
üҪѵ⣬ȴɫ쳣ء
ʱڱﲻסԹǲƭңǲУ
Ϲ˵ʲôأôУ˼롣Ӧ¡ȵԡ
ɫ΢䣬ŲҲͣסˡΪʲôķ˵Ļһ㶼ϣϲƵģΪ˺һûŵŮ
⻰¶ʡ
ֻĲɣֻһԵĳͻȻ㶣ɵüͷ΢΢ƺµʲô
ǽͻȻĪŻ˵ģ˵Ǹϻд仯
Ӧ¡ֻǳԻ˰ɣģûлϣû𣿡
ɱƭңƭңҾͲˡ
ҴӦ㣬ҪȢţôءҵĵճӿ϶İɣöãĸһҾ͸룬ȻȢ㡣
˲ɫһףֱҺֿĽסˡ
ʱѾ棬һ˫Ŀ𾪡
һԵҲòȥԭΪԼö˼ѣû뵽ȻѾʼıԭˡ
ն飬þȻΪܣڶûˣоκ涼ˡ
ʱԼû֪ƭǸ
Ӧ¡һһأ𣿡
֤йŮӵδ𺦼һСĻпΣǷ˴һ㶼Ǻ롣
ɵˣû뵽ԼþȻ˵ֻ
Ӧ¡ȻܰԼаļƻȫ͸¶ûӵŮˣģа취ģͱˣĵ飬Ϣ
ȻӦ¡ô˵ٻе㲻ģ̲ס߶ĲкӰɣ˵ĸһֱȲҩһں֮ǰѳֲסأǴӦҲģҿɲ뵱
ôƭء
ֿס㡣
Ӧ¡˵Ļȴȫһһθ굽Ǹʲôһ
ðɣҸʵʵ˵Ӧ¡Ϊ˰ģֻ˵ࡣ
ֱҲʶ˲ԾɵЩǣܵĿ顣
ȴֳһֱڿǽ
߶Ϻɫ侲صҡҡͷ
ûüӦӦ¡ĸ׸ȵʵһֱǱǲҩζỳеġ
⻰ͬ׺죬·𱻳꣬˶סˣᶼʡ
һϽס⡣
Դ游ӦҾ̶ˣԲǼҵĵճӣôӦմ۵أ꣬ĸһֱԸҩյΪɣԾĺ±ҩ
ŴҩǶŮк𣿡
Ҳûа취ԼĴ˭أǻʵķһֱչĸףͺˣҲһֱҩ
˵Ҳǡ
˵̹̹ڵȴñ
ɵ¶ͬɫʹϹۣȻôһԽᷢĺļһôи
·ʲôԭļУһֱδеģǸһϲҾͳˣʱĻ̻ææµµĸּβʱؼңһСģûˡΪкӵ黹ûж⹫ȻҲû֪йһӡ
ĽĶ̫ۣԲŻᱣסӡ
ӦҸΣɷҪ檶һһӦ鷳֮һֱΪԼһûסԲһֱû취ϲĸҩȵоԼһҩҲԹԡ⻹һֱĳ
һȴƺ˱Ĵ𰸣ûˣĴ
Сȥ飬һ۾סˡ
ʹ࣬ڣԹޣļϵÿһ飬󶼻հף˵ľ·˺һֻʹʧӵıʹٴӿ
ֱͷ滹һûСǶ
ˣ֮ǰ˵ϲӦҺܸˣֻ֮󼫺ãҪȰ̥ҩ游²ãӦ¡Ȱ̥ҩ˵æµĺӡ
ǰ̥ҩ𣿺ǡôҲ뵽Ǻӵ˾ȻǺӵ׵
˵Ӧˡ
ƾʲôӦңӦ¡ƾʲôô
Ѫӿ¾Ҫβε̱ǰ󷢺ڡ
۲ѣֻܽסͷѹֵĿޡ
˵ﻹڲϵĴ
ҪˣͻȻҪ飬ϽӦ¡ҸѾˣ֪ʲôµȲҪɢˡ
Ӧ¡һǲͬˣû£ɢġ
ѾӦ¡͸ˣûЦɢӦ¡ţȥ游ףͽԶõףԲ
Ͼҵˣ˭ɢǣȻ㻹ûм޹ѾǼˡ
ͻȻһ仰ͬһɽֱ࣬ʹѪҺ·
ΪԼˣãȻ̧ͷˣܵľĻȥõס
ǳ⣬ͳ鶼ޱȣ·֪ʲôƵġ
羿ʲô󲻸
ܵģúôǴҹ㣬С֪ڣѸ˲˽飬Ҳᡭ
ͻȻǴɽʱ˳ֵ¶ܲôңû˵ĵطء
촽ʼˣȻһֱƷѧţѭصݵĳܵķϣûԼû᲻һии֮ҪֵĹңûôͼ
ߴٴδһ
㻹˼˵Ұ죬һȥԡʱϺüˣСͿҩһ㶼ᡣ
һ仰ƮƮģȴͬһϣ
ôˣҶ᲻ðڵϣ˵涼ѾҵĹˣܲ𣿡
ߣ۸ңˡ
Ҳȥˣ𣬾ҪȥȴһֵΡ
һֱסֱ뿪ɿ㣬Էˡ
޵
£ס֣۲ѡ
ȵò侲֮ſڵ㣬Բ𣬱ø㻺ͽܵʱ䣬ߣ̬Ҳûбİ취ˣ㣬ңôġ
ն˰죬һԼߣȴ˺ļᶨ
Ҫ롣


27 
һսֵ治ĳŮҵĳ㡣
еʹ֣࣬ҵţסҲĸ׵ˡ
ҲɵΪʲôȴ룬Ϊĸ׻ڣӦ¡òµӡܳȻԺ룬ŮĶԳɹǰϺԸ˺ӵġ

ҲģԼ棬ֻΪ˸飬Ϻ˽ôܴӦ
㣬ģ֮ǰܶѾǰѰ취ˡ
黹ܿľ棬ѵҲ˲Щˣͱˡ
͵ͷģǻðš
漴ʹˣ󽻸˳顣
ʱ򣬾ֻ顣
Ǹ֣ոȥˣ齫һʰ
Ҳ侲ˣȻ֪֮ǰǳ嶯ˣлңֺ͡
޵ˣҸ仰
Σʵڲʲô
ǻԴ±ܣԸ룬λڡ
Դһ£ŵĵɴ۾Ķҽ飬ԼѾ˶Բ˼ҷ˵ˣ˼ҷ˻Ҫȫֵ֣λ飬ôó
УöԲӦˣôԡ
Իȥ㸸һ£Ӧ֪취ãϣ㸸׳Ӧ¡ʩѹԷ򸾲Ϊ롣ǳ棬κηʽֿ鶼й¶ȥ뵽ʺϵİ취ˣϣκǡֻʮʱ䡣
Ѿ֪˵ʲôˣѾѹ̧ͷˡܺãȫʩߣǿԺݺݱģûС
ҡ֪ˣһͬ˵Ӧ¶ĺ𣿡
뷨Ӧ¡ȫֿΪԼһӦ˵ͷϴҲܱסԼӦ˵λáʧ˵ҪӦҳΪңҲѹһͷúΡ
û뵽ĺ룬Ͼͺ˵ˡ
ұҲһǣȻԸͬǶĵһΪ顣
⻰󶼸оԼջˣȻҲԸԼü޸ˣδʧٺǰƷ޷˽ܡǺ޲ýӦ¡ǧСӦ¡϶ŹǼҲʩѹѾһź룬ʱͬס
û뵽κΪһãȻ䵽־ȵľء
гһǸܣ͸ƽ٣ǿд
һߣȥ
ոſھֺġ
ܿ죬ӦСŭĳ˳ײǡ
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סɫëƤݽȥоůƷʼá
׼Ѿ͵ˡ
ҲޱƺǶӦСв
ܿ죬ӦСָôֵܽãǼҾһǼҵǮôϺõëƤȫǼˣǼԩͷҴ粻㣬㻹浱Լǵĸˣ
һ£ӦɫˣӦСѾǼ򵥵ˣԼɩӣϺ
ӦС̲סһ
ڻҴСˣѵ˵𣿡ӦСûʶǰɩѾǸˡ
û˵̫Ļ
ӦСԾƳԷǰϺӦҿɱȵҪ̰ͼǼӣޱ׷
ޱ˵ĺеûмǴӦҵʱ򣬿Ǵۺļױ͵ëƤǮеģӦҵǮˣ
ӦСǷһ۵˱ˣȻվ˵ۣɩӼȻ޵Ǽˣ͸ΪӦ룬˷ѼǮֵıգ϶ҲҪŴİɣô£ô£±ЦǰϺ̳Ĺأ
ӦСǽ̫Ҳ߼ϵֱӴƢѲ˵˳
ޱƢ̲ˣ㣬ӦúúýѵһӦʲôȢġڵĲǡ
ӦСܲ˱磬ǶƵģ˵ԵΪȢŵǱˣӦҲʲôٵӸɸɾװס
ڰָʲôѾˡ
ովѵǱ⻰̼òᣬ˶ˡ
ˣ죡ܲסӣֱǰ
ӦСȴӱŭˣ߿֮뵱ӵĳʲôʸұ죬Ӧñ죡ӦԶ죬ûϡ
ӦСžһһĶӦСϣֱӰӦСˡ
˲䰲
ӦСŵתͷֵˡ
֪ʱѾվǰ棬˵ֻΪ΢΢
˶ţԶ󷽣ׯŵŮӾȻִˡ
ҴңӦСˡ
ɫû˿ΣŭֻŭΪԼΪ
׼㣬ô˵ҵܵܡ
һŰѻ˵ǺˣȥŬӡ
ʶ˶֪ļˡ
һαһŮôţһܰĸоӿͷɸп治ǽ㰡Ҳűܵܡ
ӦСûмϵʹڲϵոշʲô
㡭ӦСȻǳԿ̧־ҪԤϵֱץסԱһ˦
ӦСڲòʵﶼǰϺˣԿ
Ǹҵţ군ˣȥҸ磬ҪŸҵǸӦС˺ݻܿˡ
㡭û°ɡޱҲĲԾǰʵ
Ѿûоˣõܵöߣֻ
ûʲôȸˣޱȴˣʲôʱϲĸڴռôҪķˣ֮ǰĸҲǿڴҲǣޱ
Ըɴǿ£ߡ
˻صڡ
ޱ̲ס㣬ոմСӣ᲻鷳
Ѿûϵˡ¾ͽѾʰѾ߲ΪҪӦ¡һʰû뵽ȻֻҪʰԼģһһҹҪߵӡ
ޱüҪ
һǰ֪Լã΢΢Ҫˡ
ʲôޱ𾪲ѣû˿ȣ׷ʵôˣö˶˵Ϊʲô밡ˣӦСѾͷͳǽǶͦõ𣿡
һ㶼ãٵӦ¡Щ飬ݡ
Ȼ˵ʲôϾ¹ǵļƻޱѾͷƢ̫̫ܱܡ
ޱôˣ
żίӦ¡㣬Ϊ游Ĺϵ㣬ӦСĻҲˣǸƽʱ˵ôôԾ˵޲ҪҲǿԵģûкӣûбҪӦίԼ
һ˵ͬΪŮˣΪޱ⡣
ޱȴֵҡͷʲôأżίѵĸûڰϺίĸ׵ί󰡣ҡ游ҲǲʵʱӦίȫˣ磬ӣ㲻ᶮôңҡҸ׿϶ͬġ
΢΢˵ˣѾˣǶˡûжҡ
ޱȴȹϵϣԥһվ˵ﻰ㣬ʵҾҲд
˻һˣе㾪ȵĿϾƽʱҲѣԴһֱͦصġ
֪ǰͰ³ǽӦСо仰˵ĺܶԣǲҷ˸飬ͦ˵ġҽ칫˻˵ġǰ游ĸ̫ˣšŻżѹӦúú÷ʡġ
ޱЩû˵Ůӻ㼯ĵطȻкܶл޸Ӧ¡ڸڻôе㶪ˡ
ҡһΣֻҪ˳̽һǡûСЩˣһƬĳǱסˡ
ޱˡ㵵ĳ˵ʲô
ޱĻ²ֻԼòʹ죬ͺ룬ûпǹǰǰϺĳ㣬ҲңԺô찡
ޱ˻һɱӦСĿֻҰһ㣬Ҫ˲ˣ֮ǰޱ̣ȴЩʹģûһӴֻޱ֪Żô˵
˵ˣߡԼûȨ档
Ҳ
ߣ
һףޱĴð˳ʲôʸҽлƽʱҶ࣬Ϊô˵ģ޲㲻׸磬һɶ飬һ˵ˣ
ֱվһҪִ˵ӡ
ޱȻòᣬҲƽװᣬˡǰĸ֪ᱻøӲصģ
㣬Ѿͷ÷ۡ
ıȴѾˡ
˵Ķԣĸ׿첻ˣһλܵڰϺδãԼٺ룬ʹǵĴΪѣޱġ
һ̣Ӧ¡ú̸̸˵תء
ԲӣӭţµһһĹ檶С
롭
С˵ӣһҪŭǷӦ֮ȴֻʣ¶ݣǲ룬˺ܵá
˾ǱģԼĵܵԼ·
УΪҲʧȥ㡣˵
һ㶣ĽΪʲôϣ룬ǸȱҩӺŵļƻ
еѪɫȥˡ
ɡٴ˵Ұľ
̲סٴ
ʱѾվſڣͷܿǳ飬ȲǶ
ͷʾһס
ûЦ͸оĶİȫУΪ֪һվߣͺҲǹ⻷ƵģǵȥðգȻİţһһıΧ˵ˡ
ıģҲıġ
뵽̲סųοһЦ
΢΢һ㶣һôֳЦڿޣôһҾôϲ
鲻ڵƲߣǼŹЦݣ˿ȡ
ǰ͸һ룬ͲٻӦңѾźˡ
˳֮ǰѾɽ׼ʰýߡ
ֱ붼ټӦˡ
ҹɽ
ҲֻѾߡ
Ǹոµɽ£ںҹкһ
վӦ¡׷˹


28 
ҪȥӦ¡ӻӰ߳
Ӧ¡վޱ㣬ʲô飬úøͨɡ
ޱû뵽һҪߡҪͺãȥ˽򣬽ҪߵģҪȻ׷Ͻ㡣
ǱޱЦˣ治ѾͷʲôԻ·첲أҲǸƽϵʱ
ǰһǰ֪ʱ˿̣Ӧ¡Ҫܴ
⵽ô£С˵Ǵһû˵ʲôأǾˣߣһȥӦ¡ɫѿ
ֱӵҽҪذϺ
Ӧ¡Ŀһֱ޵ܾһ¶ģʡģôһ£ҲĹ֮ǰƭ˵ϲֱס
֣ܵܺߡӦ¡ֱƽһ
֣һֱʹͷ̧ͷĿһĳţӦ¡ոںԺɽ˵ĻҶˣ㻹Ϊں𣿡
Ӧ¡һ˲䷴Ӧɫ˱䣬Ǻܿ˵ʲôأʲôǻȥ˽˵סݣ֡
ǰ˻һӣ·ֵ̺ӣ˶͸ˡ
ʶһ֪һ˿Ժ޳ֵܵز˵ȫˣû˿ºھΣȻֻ֡
̣ڿڵӦ¡һ涼öġ
˻һӦ¡Ƕˡ
ǺƵķ˾ȻԼķ˵ֻ
Ӧ¡ɫǱ˼䣬ˣҵ޶ȵģҸһλᣬϸһȥ
ôҹߣ̫ѧӵڶ촫ȥΪʲôɣԼɾͶˡ
ҵҲ޶ȣӦ¡ҡҪ롣ȻһЦһжǾ´μ棬ͷʱ򡣡
˵꣬ڡ
Ӧ¡˲ŭû뵽Ȼ룬ǵôǰҪ
ǶӦǸոʲôǵķӦҶûȻ֣룿
͵͵Ⱥ棬ŵȸѵ˵ӦСҲôˡ
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ӦСͨ죬üʹ¶ˣΪӦ˵Ҳõ˵糳ܣ̫Լҷˡ
ޱɫѿ½֮⣬˽Ҫ飬û뵽㾹ȻԼ˺·ֱǷˡ
ߣȻӦ¡ΪĻᣬ˳һˣڵ״̬ոѾͷˣ֮ǰԵЧҩҩԺҲˣڵĸֲʲϵıȥҲסӦ¡
Ӧ¡һƣ͸ߵķƵģƮȥ
վԱߣһײǰ
Щȣôô壬ƣ֮¸Ӳ˲Żô׵ıƿ
˷ȺֻԷоĲУһûƵġ
΢΢üʱ䡣
Ӧ¡ǰһȥӦ¡㲻Ҫ
Ӧ¡˵ֱ߳ŭ̧֣ȭͷҪˡ
ҲѪԣֻȴӡ
ƿӾ֮ҪޱһԶɵˡ
ۼӦ¡ȭͷҪ£ֱӰѷӦһһȭӦ¡ڶȭƽ侲ĿڵӦҪ£ǵ̫ѧΧҪǺܶɾֽסˣʲô˵ҲǸ棬㲻ҪҲֿ
ԭӦ¡ԺгһŻ𣬾㱻ҴҲ飬ŵΪԼѹסεסڱֱӵйؼʱ˽һˮӵĻˡ
Ŀ顣
鵭һЦѹסǰͻΧҲûãӦ侲Ӧ֪ñߣǶõѡ񡣱Ͼʲô֪ˡߡ
ĿɨӦ¡ȺãȻˣߣӦ˾ԩίҪǽ
Ӧ¡ɫѿ·ѾԼƿƵġ
ѾѳסˣΪ˱ҹζֱ࣬˳ſȥ

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󿴵Ḷ́ռȨǰæҸǻҵæֲҲǰԼ
Ͼ֪Ӧ¡ԭҪɱ飬ԻԹۣӦ¡ˣٰ顣
ڶκԣǼҵŮ˼и֮ʧ˻Ԥı˼޺룬޵֪¡һֿͱҪˡʱѡĬĬ룬ãԱסκ
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Ⱥ룬װ׼޸Ӧ¡»˲ɣ۷׷ףëһȻãȴ׵·
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ͬʱҲʼɻȻ˵ûʲôֻ˵ܺļ֢ܺô
ûһǲ鴤ˣͻȻݴĺ䣬ڼƵġ
յߣȥ̽ĶͷȻѾˣһƬ亹һȸոյķӦӼңҲֱ֪һץס󣬷·оԴƵģȻӲİѳϴ
Ȼİһ¶׽͹ˣûʸûһﻹڰФ
ЩȻҪѣ²˼ɾ
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ۣͷſ
ڵֻоѪҺסˣҪȣҪܴޱȿ£龹ȻžͱڻеԴˡ
צֽŲõĲڳϣסһƵģô˺˺
ˣҪº֣ΡΡ
䡭䣡Һ䣬ܡܡĻʵ¶ȣֻֽűѡ
鼱ٵĴ˼ѹסƢ̣ҲûʲôϾʶ壬ҲǿĻҪռˣûʶ˼ƽϣҪһȥˣ
ƫƫֿʼƺҪҸȵĵطһӾʹӳĲӴܽ½棬ȵƤ
ٴκˣκڵĶܵīˡ


29 
һѰסֵ֣ͷĿȴֻܿͷ亹üͷ壬·𼫶ʹ
һ治ǹģ
̣Ҫ־ȻҲֱҼл
ʱڿѾȫֺܿĽӴȶȡ
߱ˣͻһߣҪϵļȡ
ڶŭҲǲʶ̧־׼һȥͼֱš
ֱ̧۾͸ɳ֮һֱ̧ȥ
еĵطһ̼ĳֱֱһ۵׶ˮ
ĺҧĿ죬ͬĥĶ
Ѿ
ʶ˸ʶ֡
ڱȵĳ˲ֻܵȡ
طء
ֱ̽ͷȥӳĲ䵽ǰ棬Ӳİ˹ҪղһůţӣգȶȵĵطҪҪ嶼ů
鿴żҪԼϷֱñȥˣҵôߡҪȹһַʽŪɫļһ
Ҫ̧߷ĳˡ
䴦һʪ
˲ͷƤըѣëˣֱͣ͡
֮ǰѾɤҵϢţҡҡ䡱
һ죬ʣԵڳϡ
žֱƿǱģһԼ·һ´
ƻ£һ˵ϷίСǺһƬȻǰǺǼ
ѵŭߡ
·ãȫָ˷̬ȴѹסһһĻҡ
Ҳô඼оǲոʪĴУܵĺëëƵġ
ٿˣҲѿľأأЩļһﻹƫƫȹֻܶݺݵĻͷһۡ
þ뿪
Ǵϵַ߽ܵ
ѾΣܵ˼£
ܵѹһˣֳ鴤ˣڴϣſˡ
˱ۣȡԺٸˡ
һߣ˳żҹϻ˰Ϻ
ŷΪȣôŴϢȻԼĹ뷿ˡ
Ƕֻ֪˴£ֱӸ˹֪ƾСӣǾԲҹľٶȻǳˡ
Ǳִһ֣Ҳѹֲûھȿ˳
ѾͷҲǿֲŸ˵һ䣬֣ǼҴСҪү롣
ŭǲǹү˶ԲС飬С£أ˵
֣𾪶ĸףĸ岻á
ģ͵͵ģĸ׻˯˵˵ôˣ
͸δĹһڶֵĻУһ֪֡
Ťˣǳ嶯ˣѹסƢС㣬ģͳСĶԣͰ˵İ죬ò飬ͲϺүˣҲ㵲šЩH˺ǼҴС㡣պеǻᱨȥ
лл֡ںתһЩĸǱߣҪʱܣҲĸײлǡ
ţǣ˵ίͺãĸ㣬ίҪ룬һ֧㡣
֣ܵĳıǡ
ƽʱûؼʱӺοˡ
ţˣʮ㣬һֱһͺˣҲøõġ
ڶգҶȦŲ鸡ĻصԺᡣ
ֵ֪͵͵ŽȥҪֵͶ
һƳʱһ˫񣬺ڰǱҰͻȻע⵽̵ĵˣڳķͬһֱָҵĺ
ұܵסֱʧŷӦʲô
顭Ĵͷǲ˯ڴϣ˫ֽ鴹ֽһ
ҵ̫ˣҲŷӦȻ֣վ
ҵŵĶҪһȭͷˡ
飬йһԺУ
ѹֲȥңˣȻΪ»Լҹûأָôء
ոѹӣһ˯
ȵȣ֮ǰϵǺܶѵְӲϹ˸˯ˣ
鿴ӣ֪Դ϶Ĳʲôö
ҹҪտ㲻ڣ̴Ҳˣֻܽˡ˻ɱ֡顯ġ
ҵ׻ǵǺֵܵģôһʱôˣ
˺̶áȥҴ鷳㿴һ¡꣬ʱͳˡ
ߣȻ״̬⣬Ҳû鶺ˣʵʵһߣȴ
ֻ˵˺ܶ࣬Ҫʱָ
ĸ˵ȻǴ򣬵ҲЩҽܾ̫Ծ
ǴҲ˵һȻûκġ
Ҳֻܷˡ
ԱߴŹ˵ûˣҲͲˡ
ʱų쵽ˣĺѧӿɲȱϯȥɣ٣տ־ͺˡ
ſھҪܾǻȥ
չΪҺ˳ŶڣȻ˶ˣȫû¡
뵽ͷ鷳빫ˡ
Ұ˰ִ֣һֱӿʼۡ
鿴ҵΪüʵ
ָָĴҲˣôĴ˯û⣬Ҹ˯һֳ״ܼʱ
˵žȻȻİơ
ⴲ˯˵ȷûģҸһ˯ͺˣǵŮɡ
ٸһ䣬Ȼ󡭡
ɫ˱䣬Ҹո룬빫ӻһΰɡ
Ӳá
ס΢Ц飬ȻȻͬһԺᣬ٣ƽ̻ʮֲãʱ򡭡
Ƥ˽ʱˡҡչ˲˰
˵Ǳ
һſھʹү빫ӡ
üͷһͷãҪȥˣչ˱ɡ
ңӿεأ
ѽү廹ҺСǰϻˣүϿΣһչ˺ү˳żǰ鿴
鿴˳ſ̲סüͻȻ˳ţ𣿡
תѵʱֻо쳣ܣʲôһһţǲԼѹġ
һɵˡ
˭˭˯ŰҰˣ
ֻϣޱţ滹һӰĸƵģڵֻֻСڴϹ
үˣ̫ˡ
˳Ͻү𼱣͸⿪ǳү˵Ӧ˵ԼҪá
ֻоԼû϶ʪˣܼˡ
ľȻţ״̬ǲ̫ãʧȥʶʱɽ£鷳һˡ
һ⿪ܶˣˣʣµԼ̫ˣ׼ˮԡ
ǻҩԡɣүˣҪԡҩԡ
жǵܵ
ݽԡͰ棬Ÿоˣ廹ǸĲʣָоݣɿʵ˺Ȳˮ˳Բ˼ʲôȴȱʧУǿľҲֻάһˣǰסԺʱҲûôûѵǹŴҩɵģ
ɵĴ̳ǣҪûкõҩǺһҩ̫ˣ𣬶Ҳ޷֢ҩЧҩò˶ãԼһǶˣҪС
ϴϴԼһ£ԡʱҲ˳Ե㶫ȴֻܺ¼࣬öӶˣȴʳ񣬵ͷԼһһȦĸо
صҲţҩоѯ˳Ŵ
ʵ˳ô֪϶ͳˣδ֪顣
Ȼ˳ž֪˴㣬˻δѡ
ҲǸǿϢĶ֣ڣԲʲô
һ͸оעѼˡ
ֱһ
ѣûˣȥˣ˾
ǿûëˣǻûһһȵģܣӦǺ˰ɡ
һʱ򣬿ǿСڴ㣬㻹˼ҵСءҼüŪ۵
ɴ۾ǲǿˣҳ£һ⣬֣ôܣһƺ㲻ģ֣붼񺮡
Ҫ䣬·һö
뵽ͿʼڴϷҡ
ʲô
ҼǵҺʱһůʵ˿ۣ⻬ͬ֬Ҫǻȡղص֮һɣôҲˣ
ԭϲңȻкܺö
ǵˡ
ůֵƣôǵã
ˣһһС͹𡣡
״ģҿһûмʶůء
ʱҪԭͣס˽Ų
׼ȷ˵ǳͣסˣ˳ʳб鵲סˡ
ůүûů񰡣˳²ۣȴǰվŵѾɱ˵


30 
ûУѵҵĻþҸоҺһڣһζ
ûоˣ˵գأҿպͿˣζ
һźͦϲģҪ͸
˭˭˭Եʵ
ȻǱˡӦůǺ˵ģҩı壬ʱͱƫҪȻҲں̶һݾͷĳ̶ȣõġ
ĳ㶣¸ոշ굽ץ֣Ҳ˺޲ÿ˫ֵͷ
ǣȻʤ˰ǲҪˡ˵žʹԼİгһɫĲϣ·
зŵǰ˶
һ˲䣬ζ˱ǣͻȻͺʲôƵģֱ׷ȥһӹͷҲ
ʲôζô㣿ʲôͦġ벻Ӻʵݴˣֻô˵
ЦֱӶϡ
˽ȴƺЩ
ԣҿǾԣȻصصĺãл˵ŲСɾ˼Ұ͸£һڣͰѳֲסˣζϤɣɲͰζ𣿡
˲ֱӰǿ·ԵĿܡǸͥ¥Сģ¡ţļƤˡ
ô벻ȥʵ϶ɼô塣ҼЦ
ʱſҲֱֻӿŶ롣
һε˳š
ܣ
Ҳһץӣʹɫ
ֻץе£ͬǧ̹Ƶġ
ϽңŵҺ˵˵ģᡣ
ʲôһȴˡ
᣿ۼȥͥ¥Ƶأһȥһضÿλһݡȵģ
͵ϲԲû˼ȥͥ¥ġ
ȥСˣ˼СĿ޲أⲻԼ鶼ó
ո֪ôǸСɾˡ
ôţ˲ɣ
ͻȻ˵
ң׸ʲô
ͬΪˣȻǷ룬ɫѿˡ
˳ŸʹɫȻǲµ϶ˣСķһᣬ˵ʲôãⲻ𣿲鱾֪İ裬ҲôֻҪάһͺá
ұǡǲɵˣôᲢء
ƤЦⲻЦ˭

˭ҲǣֻңȻԺҴֲĵĶҿˣЦ
Ҫ²ۣȴ۾Ҫɳˣողǻôһ͸ӼèƵġ
ĪһֵɩӵļӸУҿЦġ˵žͰջȥˡ
Ǹһˡ
˳šҴˮҸоеࡣѬ㣬ҵѬ㣬ܡָ˳һæµŰΧϵζ
Ҳ֪ǲӰ죬ֱһ߽Щ
ϽŲŲλã飬ЦͺС˻βͣ˿һҡˣò˵ܵľٶȡ˳顣
˵һֱտңҲİɣˡ
ڸоΣ
ãе飬оû֮պöˡ
ͷոоãҽ㻹ǳȥҸõĴһ£Ҿá
¶죬龯Լǲ̫ˣһô죿
Ҳ岻ԾҲáϾûֻǲӦ˶þͿԻؼˣʱٿ
УҸˡת׼뿪
𣿲ٶ𣿡
ŲһͼԱ˳źҶɴ۾ģǲڡ
Ͳֵܱô
飺ҪҲﲻʲôæͲˡ
ˣǡǲǻҪҪ𣿹ϾܴϢˡ
ԺżɣôҪһ
ͬ⣬᲻ôߡ
άɫҪɾܾģ󣬡һղϿΣҲ֪˵ʲôܰ粹ΰɣ
˳һǺһûۿӡ
Ҳܲˣ˵ʲôӿŵĶֻӲͷƤ˵ǣš˵꣬ͷҲصˡ
һգôһ£һ򿨲ɹʧĻô죿ҩˣû񣬿϶ҪĻ֣ؼʱð
ƫƫϣĵģҺҵһɣȻȲҼкԶһξ롣
عͼ˳ŵʹͷҿҶǳ鴤
ֵܣҸɴԺˣλεҲڰ
ǵأ£Ϲ룬ˣϳȥ棬Ϩǰٻ
ңãɫѵ
ҷߺ޵߻ԼĵطŶ౦ܿϵ·һԵ¨УҪ´ʰĶ
֪ԼôˣǲĻȥ⡣о̬߯˵㣬ϽҡҡͷԷҩ˯
ȥһ⣬ҪЩ֤ݣȴˡ
ϸһ鶨˶ǰ

һĶ΢΢һ㶣ѽӣôˣ
գƽ⣬ǷһЩ⣬δƽ̵Уɡ鹧
ϵͷУģùϷ򡣡
ءͿʼʵʵ鼮
ϼһľǰ£룬վûпڣе飬ͻһ
ʰˣͿǼ鼮ɻĿ˿
΢䣬ڿʲôأ
ûʲôֻЩͦ˼ġ鵭Ѿܣֻǲ֪岻ڡ
ԥһ£ͻȻʵ֮ǰˮ£Ϸ򿴹ѧĽǶ˵дĲֻϧ˲֮˵ۣ۵鼮ƺѾ٣Ҳֹ֪ǴӺδ֪
ѧСʱȷǵЩۣǺڶһͬʱԵһ޷鼮ſģû뵽֣֮ѧ֪ǶԵģֻԺ󲻸ˡ
ϵͷ֪ӶǷ֮Ǻο
˶٣Ȼǲ֮ˣѧȻʲôǲ֮ƺܽڲǺοأ
ϵһѧһˣȻѧ峵Ÿ߰˶״Ԫ֮ţƾ֮ԣΪѧҲ顣
ЦЦѧҲôΪ
㵽Ϊֹ˶û˵鹧͸ˡ
ϴεĻᣬϲ֮³嶯ɾ衣
ȻҲʱĲϡ
˶໥̽ԷԼ˻ǵзǳѾµһͿôµڶˡ
ֻܵʱ԰ĴϲԼˣȻѾڣԼٴֻᱩ¶
իʱڻԺıؾ֮·
ڵ
ǰദǢҲһֱܻԼĿǰϺڶ治ͻԳҲ͸ڱгĹϵС
ڡ
ܺðǰЦЦĴкǸոմӶǱ߳
簲ãҸոȥˣʲô𣿡
ҷܸߵĺܽǵĹϵѾôδ˵ҲһֱŶ硣
ͱ㶼ˣʲô鷳ȻæǵʱûڣһҲ
ǣǣֻ֮ǰһֱΪ۸أҺǵǣΪ˶磬ڿҶˡ
ЦЦȻǵãȷǰӦҲһ֪ļƻԴȸںֻҲû뵽;ڲųһƿ
ֵ֮䣬żͻǶλҸףʲôìҲܿȥ
еЦˣǰֻóӣ۸ҲһֱǸѹţȴһ񲢲ֵôöԸ
飬鲻þ߷ߣҪôľͺ
ĪǳҲз磿
ǺˣֻҪץסһΣ군ˡ
ˣĴ룿ǲ֪ʲô
⣬飬²Ҷ죬ʱȻ˵ɡֳһ²Ҷµӡ
ȴţʱͺԾڵִ֪ˡʲҲûϵǺˣǸ
Ǿ͵ȸϢаռɫã٣纮ôǲǻﲻ
ûȥ𣿡
ȥʱϢˡҲôšεʵȥˣǱ˳ŵˡ
ҡͷ˵Ƿ纮ܶ˰ɣûбġ
ֵ֢״͸¶Ĺе࣬ȻԼûֲ̽Ĺģֺα
ֻûһ̽ڵĹϵ
ʲôû͸¶ȻȤ֮뿪ˡ
ֱϵʱ򣬰Ϻˣ˵ҪүǶµĵСˡ
˳Ŵ˹ʱ򣬳ţɲͣĸι⣬Լȴûжʳ
үү
ͷԱߵҵˣ
ңмҲܹ鰡
Ҳ˵һЩǼҵ飬Ȼ֪Լﲻʣˡ
ϴţС˲˵һ췢顣
ʵϣϺûзʱӦҵϷ˾͵ˡ
԰Ϻû׹ʲô¶ͱϷһ䡣ү̳ĺŮԼСӣҪҶĺݻҹӣǴҹҽʣ˵Ҫ룬Ǻү˼


31 
ϺȻһɱΣһ֮£͸Ͻȥ
ʱѾڣ˻룬ɾǲòġ
Ů׵˫ۺ飬֪ûô򵥡
ŮԸ˵Ȼñȡ
úӣĸ׻֪ģͺ룬û¶ƽҲûʲôԸֻǶĵġ˵
ĸףһ㡣
á
ĸŮ˵Ż˴ˡ
ǸѾ֪ˣŮȥ˵
ģ㸸ͬͬ⣬ҶӦˣ㸸Ǳ㣬˵
ЦŵͷˣԴӼ֮û˻ˣصžΥĸо˱ζ
֣ȥ۸
ֶһҪӻĺӡֹ
ǰһܵ¡ᶨҲ
ǰһ׺ݵǵԵķθ
ƽʱ˵̷̣ӣκƭԼ˵Ķҩ϶Ҳ̬ˡ
밲ӦҲӦϷ񣬵ǶԼ֮Ŀбӵ£Ϸҷ𣿡
һľٶǰڳ˶ˡ
û˳⻹Ǹׯ֪
㿴ˣү㶼ˣӦϷ˵Ҫˣֲָָ÷ֱֵ֣šǽ̳ŮȻԼĸ˷
񣡻ĸлϺҲˣ֪ģʧķ
ף㶼һ£׷ʲô¹Ǹ𣿡˵ǰ֪ʤԼĺӣǶûмֵĺӸˣھ͸ˡ
㡭
˸ոһֱڣʱȻʱǰ۷ʲôӦϷʼջĸνТ
һ񣬵ǸܣӦϷûдǾذɡ˵ֱ꣬ͦţţƣǳǽѹ¹򣬲пˡ
ֻΪû񣬾˶ԴȻǲܵġ
Ϻֻܱʵô£ö˶˵ôֳ飬ոӦϷ˵СӣҪֺ룬⾿Ϊʲô
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ӦϷ˲䱻סˣԼŮƽʱɩӵӣеûףҲǴĵߣŻᵼ±򣬵ԼŮ˾ôܱ˴
С˵ʲôҲٲ£ΪɩӣˣôִܶأСôСһ˶ûôӦϷ˵žͿʼҪޣ
ϺԴ󣬵ǼȻᵽԷ˰ϺǾͶȻûеǸĵԲӦϷôߣӲûӻ
ֻһӦϷϷ
ûģӦϷҲûޣת˵ֺϡ
ΪȵȻӦ¡֣ѵûи˵Ϊκ𣿡
ҶȻ˵ĲǣҶӶ㻹ģô붼ҶӵĴ㵹Ǹ˵˵ôͲˣȫûж㲻ѾڰϺˣ˵˵Ӧ궼ûж˵ʲô𣿡
Ӧ¡ظ涼ӦԴ£ûй˵ϸĸ˵ʲôҪȥϳ׼ˡ
ϷǴǱʳģȻҲֻ֪ǿһУҪԻ裬˾֡
̫žȻֱ׳¶һ㶼飬ֱҪЦˡͬʱֺȻĸĶħꡣ
Ҳ֣ôֵġӦϷˣΪûﲻ𣿡ˣ͸ź⡣
ӦϷһ飬ǺܿҸȼΪԷ϶ֻ֪Ƿ򸾺Ӧ¡֪˲˭ģʱķҲط֤ˡ
ǾֻһܣȻӦ¡Ҳ᳣ЪڣǿܸûֻǸˡȻ֪ӦϷֻ뵽ֿˡŮ̵ʱˣʼįⲻǰջҪӦ¡һȥ̫ѧܲˣûйסԲŷȻ롣
ӦϷ˶Լʾ֣־ѵԼԼûסɷܹ¡ΪӵʧְҪ¡ѧѧԺеôźˣúѹˣҸ㣬ǲµģǹҵ棬ӦңҪһϹŵģ
ӦϷ׵һ˵ʱڳ˶ɫѿ
һֱǸŵģȻô裬ǵżг棬ʱо̣˶ûˣǰаܵʾף֮ǰѻǿҲһ߽⣬˲¡
Χ˼ʹûпеҲоԼǹһΣôô֤˵ÿӦ¡ﶼľû϶ԼĴô˵óڣô֤ˣɲӦϷƤƤ
Ӵʲô˰ŵˣⲻǺ𣿡
ͻȻһ洫˿Ҵ
漴ͼִѾ߼Ҷ˽·߽ſڵƵģϽйصĺܡ
ֺʲôϺ־ͷۡ
ⲻ׽𣿸ոūҽˣôһûƼأ
⻰һȻ֪˵˭
˵ʲôأӦϷըë
ӦϷ˵Ļū˵׽ôӦϷ˿ˣ
˼ôش𣬻ش˲ͳ
ӦϷЦùأһӶ˼˵ˡ
ЦⲻǴū澻ū澲˵֮ǰ˵ġ
ֿǴӹгģȻعصĺܡ
ѽǼҴСôѽƼ˿Ҫ۵ġǰȵС㣬ñһЩûеߵ۸ˡūʱ򰡡
ӦϷ˲ָŶ־ƿڴ˭أô۸ˣѵҸո˵һǼٻԼûõǸǼ˦ˣˣбǣ
ӦϷȻֻ˶ѣû뵽ŵˡ
л˵ǰȰ衣
ϺҲüˣʵ˸ոӦϷ˵ĺɡ
ã˵ˣһˣ˲Ӧ
Ϻһŭ֣ôҲź֡ҲֳֵʲôίסԣǺᶼҪᣬϽĸǸ
ҪӦϷӲ
ȻҪӵ鲻żżġǰͦµôˣĪĸ׸˵ʲôֵĵĸڶˣеʱġ
⻰ڰʾˡ
˵ʲô˲һף
֪ȵ׵ˣȻɱ죬Ҫ˼ѾϺĶС
ǺģҪ׵Ļ
ڣ̧ͷ涵ʵףϷƭҺıҩѲͷϣҵӦ¡ҵһλϵʱƭҺ˶̥ҩҲҪһȥȺ˵ħ޾ɺã
ҪΪ˳룬¶˦̫ŵϣû˵ֻ
˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
㡭˵ʲôӦϷɫˣһı߳ŭ
ϺҲҡͷš
ҲˣϷ˻ǻȥԼĶô֪İɣûзͱˣ㻹Ҫ֣ԣ٣ֵǷ꣬Ƿֱйϡ
Ҳ˵ˣҪǴСίˣ̧ʹϣҪΪСһֻǸһˡߣ
ӦϷ˲Ӧ¡ûǸӣ˵ѾˣҲͶֲƣϾûκ֤ݣҲɲˡ
Ϻ˶ˡ
֮ӦϷ˵ķӦȴˣΪӼºݻĶߵġ

󣬺ү˺ܶиС㿴塣С˱ź
üͷ𣿡
ˣԺС
С˻㱨뿪ˡ
ȴͻȻ˶ģŶ³ˡ
˳ŶΪǱãҲôΪͬǼ˰ȥеģžŰʮһѵġ̫ˣϣĸ׺Ͷֵ飬ܳŹһ١
ģȻȥļᶨױ򵹡ֻҪຣδһõġ
Ȱ˵еӡģҪѡ̫ȷᵽǲþ˵ΪмĻԼ¼޸̽ɣö˶ϧǳȴһ̰ͼݵλ󣬸ΪеŮӣֵ塣
Ǿ̫Ӧ¡ˣ֮ǰ˵Աġո¹һ۷Ŀžǿӡô
İ취϶ĺãֻҪ˵Ϊ˴㣬һݺݱȥ
飺ߣߵ
Ȼĵ㡣εδӦ¡ʲô³ȫԤʱٸһҲǺܼ򵥵顣
ţûбҪֻܶٿ࣬ҲҪܡ
ͷ
ţӦˣȻû⣬ͬнָ
鿴Цø̫Ƶģ̵ֻܱܿߣ㲻Ҫģһһ
ϣʵûмһˣĲС
ϢҲûǿоʱϲˡ
úһһʵͦзִģҲͲ̽ʵڸо˯ˡ
˯˯ţָоһ޵ζϮŴԡ
ֿƲ˵ĳ嶯߽ʶ
أ֪᲻ãҲûӣ͵͵غãС֪ͺˡ
ͻȻһ룬ѲŷԼȻߵ¨ԣϵ¡


32 
ϵͳҲ̫ԾܲԾȷҵֻһ𣿡
ϵͳҪ⡣
Ҹո嶼ʧȥʶˣѲһΣҲű˵¸̬һŰڻһˡԭỹڰɣ
ϵͳֻһ꣬ԭѾʧ壬ʹʱòʣһԭ⡣ǿԸ֤ûκǱڵش󼲲
˵ô£
ϵͳϵͳֻṩصļ񣬷أԼ
ۺҲ̫˰ɣĴһ䣬ϵͳûд𰸣ֻܵͷԼ취
⣬ԣһֱͦġ
ոտʼܵļ£еϸеĸɴʧ䣬һ˵ļ䣬Ҳ˵ԭԴǱ˵ġ
ֻǶһ£ͻȻð֢״ӹǶãӦֻССðһԿ϶бĶڸ塣
ԼڶζĹԣȷһĲ룬Ǹݼͳʶȴָоʮֲ
벻ͨϵ£һҹߡ
ԭƻϢһȥϿεģڶ죬ɫˡ
㡭òͷ˰ɣûзйˣһߣĶҪıûţҪȥС͵͵ȥͺˡ
ûй˵ʲôɧֱʵõֵܶ𣿡
Щ˵ôĻͷɣǵȷãһʱáôˣ
ҵ壬һΣûвԾʱ򣿡
ҶˣԴӰǰͺܲԾˣǼʣǶģȫˣҿĹֱ࣬ס˲Ż˼롣
ҵĻҲ˵һΣ֮ǰԭһֱҳ˻Ǯ˯ˣӦûʲôȺûᵼ岻á
Ҽֿʼ͵ˣҲֻܸˣǻм˲Σһɫĸ˲ˡ
ȷûκҲȥˣҪ嵽׳ʲô⡣
ȵ˳Źˣȥæ˴
򿴵ҲһôԽˣƺ˯߲ԭ򣬴ҲһȻ
·ԱߣôᵽζǴֲŵΪʾ⣬Ȼ޷ӦĲ룬Ӧɣѵרҵ
ҹȻ˵ԼĲ룬𲻱Ҫ鷳Ȼ򿴲ˡ
ȴһߣ̲סڱᣬȷ˱ǣǲϲôŨҵζģ͸һڷ;ƵԴˣˣҲ᷸ˡ
ү˳˲˽Ҳ뵽һȥˣүǰǷȷûѵǱãүôɾȥɣġӵұǺģ³үŲ˵ͺ𣿡
˳ͬүûиүһأͿʼˣԻүţ
˵ͷۣôһ¶˳֮ǰ𣿡
˳ҡͷʾûС
жʲôζرԣһ첻һžͻ𣿡
˳Ҳҡͷ
Һ˳ƴһ𼸺ԭʱˣƾǵĹϵҲйʲôһ֪ġ

˳ŵɴ۾ʾҡ
ҾҪʲôѬ㣬ֱܷܲ
˳ŴսͻȻվȵ̫ˣͷΣү𣿡
ԽԽ
үϰ˰ɡÿȥͥ¥үʱҲζӦմɾϵġڶζӦԼİɡ
˼
磬һġ
˿ʱɫѾ˺ܶࡣ
Ц˵ǲĹ͡ʵȲѵ°죬Զģȴϲ
ڵ״̬ͺ˺ܶࡣ
Աһ¾˵ĴţЩǸҵӵܵӴϢ
ҪӦ¡Ѿˣ˵ʲôУ巽ʵǶģǹŴŮӺ룬ǳ̬
Ȼˣ޷˵ǱҩģΪһµĺ֢Ͼʱûôϸ죬Թ˵ӦҸҲһֱܻ湦۷ֻܳƿ
Ȼ֪ôһ̣ĴԣǺˡ
˵Ŀεʱ죬ޱˡ֪ޱ޿ɲ㱧ƽֻǵľö˶ѡ
鿴ɫͿڵʵһõƣͻƵĳЩ˲òӿŲˣϢԽԽ࣬ǻ
ָκǱߣϾǲЩŵ˭ĽһǱǿЩֶأǲҵƲʮϢˡ
ͷʾԼס
һԾ˷֮ŻȥϢġ
˯һֲˡ
ĸоζԡڲƣٿ˵־;ĿԾָĲ²⡣
΢΢üϵ¡
ڻ̲סһ£ΪԼʲôĻ棬ǾȻֻ§§֣û޷ܵĻ棬ⲿֵļҲˣ
Ǽϵĳ࣬˲еΪʲôԭϡ
ü֮䳤̫ˣǸӽС磬ĵ
ǵò󣬾͵ϲ˰ɣһֹĳġ
˳˵ģȥϵƵʺȶһһΣûгʮ졣
ʮ찡Ҳ̫ˣʱƵ˵Ĳ²ⶼǲܵģûκôʱ䡣
ѵ²Ǵģ
ͻȻһ˼
Ӧ֮ȴ˽
ʱ̬£Ѹײڶ֮ƵٶȰ˱ӵ£ϿƲסĺˡ
ſڵҲɴ۾˶䣬жƮ֡
ҲǣҲǣֻӲͷƤǸ˳˵棬ҸոѾ˼ûлӦΪʲô¶ˣͽˡ
ûû¡ĲУô̫ˡ岻𴲣ʧˡ
ʧˡҪӵķӣ̲סƮ˴¶İɫһǣӦǡ
ˡͻȻȻŲŲ׵ס˺档
šҲǡĻҵ˰һԼˣϻҪȥҸѾӦ飬⼸ͻףǷġ
һȻ˵ûķκżˣԭΪԥ죬Ըʮʱ䣬һдţ˼Ǹʲôκ
ɫ֪һһҹжǽͷö״̬ˡ
ȻҲسŵĻС޸Ӧ¡жݶǼʶġ
ᵽɫˣ֪㣬ô鷳Ȼôޣ˵ȫ
˳һ£˵һ޸Ӧ¡ǱӼ޹ȥӲõıӻΪʸݡӣҲõɷأԺӿ֪
ŮڲԼλõ³κ٣һ㣬͵ԼǲɻȱôУʵôпᣬӴκĵλĽֻͣ޵һ̷ˡ
˵ţɫǸ֡ĺܶԲ㡭
޹أ˵ģûҪûǨŭ
ͣУлл㣬ҪȻǹ鷳ˡǶǼжģպʲôҪҰæľܿڡ
ô˻ڷǮӣ鲻ѣǰ취ģҲӦõģлˣҾһ˳ġ
ºøУãɱңĴ
һġº͵˵֪϶Ҳԭ򡣡
ʹ
ֹһ״̬˵ˣʵͿ岻ʣֻǺߵôæʣָ˲Ʒ
ôĵѧʱ䣬ٴʳкһͿƽʱλϣ˵Ц
Ҽ˽ŵ״һ䣬˵תߡ
ûʲô仯˽ȥк
֣һ˳
Ȼ֪ʲôͷ˳Ҫл֡
ֳԹ𣿡
һ㶣δ
֪ǰˣҶһˣֻǸϽȥʳɣ˾ûóˡºѡ
һ£ֱ治òˣĹػ
ԵĸлѣˣҪߣһȥʰһ£ҪظһˣƻҪܻ顣˵ֹ䣬ˡ
һ£ʼŪʳС
Ȼܵĸое㲻ã־ԼˣϾһûпʲôֵֹĶץ£󿴵һˡ
ҲûʲôģͿʼһ߳ԣһ˵Ϣ
鷴Ӧǲ󣬱ϾС
ˣеˣҪԺϢͲˣҼּ㣬Լвҡ
һ㶣üͷո𣬵뵽ԼĲ룬ı⣬Ŷõģ֪ˡ
ȴЩ죬Ҳûжʣͷͻȥˡ
ôӦôˬ죿
ų뿪һҲһóҲһ֣ЩҲҪ²Ҫϵͳˣԭĺ֢
ҽֿ¸٩䣬ĿĿڣǰδеңǾȥͥ¥
һһЦֵܣͨˣҲǣҪȻɾǱ߿ɾҪɸĺˡ
ЦһϣĸĺҰźá
Ѿʼ˷ܵʰˣ⻰ɻ˵ɶأ
һߣȥʱûߣǶʰõĶ
ˡ
ʶڵԼ͵ǻʲôҪ˵𣿡
Ҹ˵飬Ӧö˵ˣ˵һ飬ҽ쿴ֵƺǳáʹ˵ʱҲ᲻ϵð亹ƮעС
鿴ڹЩãҲڹעٲãЩ򿴿
ų飬ƺЩݣ뻹̲ס˵Ҳ
¶ˡ
֣ǵѿ̲סˣҲڵʲôϵǻҪעһΪֹϾ̫ѧҿҪˡҲֵ֪ҲǲǸйءᣬǽһá
㵽˵ʲôü
ҧƿ߳ܵ㡭ܡ
ԴʺţʲôǲǺͿˣҸ硭ףôܸܣ
Ī뵽һѹŲһʱе˵ȥˡ
ȴΪ鲻ϣֻõҽջ¡˼ôһ˵£ܲԼİɣ϶˵ģǳ顣
ʱ;Ѿܹˣ黹Լ֮֮˻飬ְָܻɡ
嶼ãǸ𣿡
˵꣬ͼɫ𽥱仯ͻȻѣڸʹҲ˵ԽĻôˣ
ͻȻһ亹ȻӸոյĻƷһ˿ζԼӵҲûտɫûע⵽ɱ
˵˼ûӵ
͵͵죡
ҶˣǸû˵ѾԼӵ˼Ūˣܵ˳鰡ֱӴŶˡ
ֻ˫ɺĳڷЦ鵱ȻûȥʣֲԹֵܣ¹ϵҲıǵĹϵοҪҪ졣


33 
лҪ˵һиĶɨһ顣
ҹ·ĴӺɽɽһͱãÿ͵͵ɽʵǴ͵ܡ
ٵϣ˳źҵ̴һ·ˡ
һ·ͥ¥ȥ
ͥ¥ǾϷݣڶֵĵ̣¥ݣĳ·ߵС̯ӱߵĻһۼͷϣطڵϹֵֻͬ硣
˳ͱⳡŪе£ͥ¥˾Ȼô࣬ô󷽷ǰС˵潲ܳʱзҲһַʱ޷ᣬڶˡ
ſڵĹ깫ʮּ飬һǰкʶⲻ빫𣿽͹⣿Ҳѹֻɾ˵빫Ӷˣѽѽֹӣˣ㶼ˣ߶ôϴ氡
깫ļɤӴ̼ļƤˣʵڲӦ
һֵɣЦһ׳죬û׼ãǾõȡ
깫ֵϣλ룡
һ߽ͥ¥Ĵš
ǵӰոûڴһŶסӰͳſڡ
깫ȥкˡ
ֻƳһۣúƤĹ깫ҿˡ
깫²׽İɡ
깫׼Ӧͻ˾Ȼתߣ깫һֱ׷ţֱ˵Ӱʧ
ʧķǶķ۵ĵط
깫һʼӭˡ
ܿӭȥǸĹӸ磬಻ƺǵһ
Խ磬ûⷽȤ߰ɡ
֪Ǽ̫˳òģѵǿ϶Ҫɷɡ
ɫ΢䣬û˵ʲôֻǶԱߵ磬㡭ȰȰԽ硭
Ҳϲ͸ҪˣԽһ϶ԼĻ죬ҵÿҪһš
ʲôпҰҿǺعصġ
Ȣ֮ǰýԺá
䣬òʮ꣡
Ҫ㣡
˵˵žͶˣԴ˼ֲֻ֣ܸں棬һ
ǰǰھǻǺͷģһ״ԪԽ״Ԫ䣬˶û٣ڵͷԡΪסĽСʶһֱ档
˸ĹϵԽ˵ƺĸ׸ʱʶˣλ˸УһʱһӱˣһӱȻ
º󣬸һˣһȻҪ޵ĸǽϾֱڶ֮껹Сӳһ졣
ˣһˣ͵ʶˣѧǲģҪ۽翪ܸ򡣡ԽļƵ
ǺǣΪԼ̰ҽڡǺĲ𴩡
Խһۣƶ˵̫ѧ治һСϲҪܾ֪֪˲ܰսʤ
ʲôϲ㣡侪ȵǵҲ󳤵ú
Ѿˣ⾩ССֻҪԽҪ֪飬û鲻ġһεǡ
ԽϢҲͺʱ򰡣ǸѾϲˡ󵭵
ӴͦźԽ۾
һţû
ԽȴЦŵǸҪȥɷˡ
޿ı˹մȥ
ͥ¥Ĳ¥һ¥źȲ쿴ݵĵط¥ǰ䣬¥ϾǷˡ
һãͿԴӴڿ䣬еĴ󵨣еųеĳڳ£еܳ
˴۽硣ԽЦŵ
Ե˿Щ§һѾеӦˣתߣӲסһһ˶ӡ
ֱ깫֮˴һ
úõˣһһܲˣ¡
ⲻͦÿģỹҪмϲʲô͡ԽЦ˵
üͷûзɹҲ£λ磬ʵ˵ɣһҪʲô𣿡
ɫڵ°ͣƳԽ
ԽЦźȲ顭˼飬¶ʣ͵ʶһµġ
һΣôϲ鰸绹ȥ°ɡǲְȴϲ£ⲻǺܲ㣿ְλٹܣҲô㣬˷ԼĲŻ
û˵ֿԽ
ԽϵЦ⵭ЩУʲôŸɣҲ˹֪ˡǵ飬˵˵̫ѧɣӹôˣƽǲǻϲ˹ȪѽЩû˼ǸҰһ֮ǰϲǸɣôͲϲˣô㣬ѵ̫ѧбõ𣿡
˲䱻ƣΣ˵ֻܴ򿪴ݡ
ֻһ˲䣬ƺ¥ϿϤӰ
ɫһ䣬׷٣ȻƹһǶĿǸˡ
һ£վɴ۾ĿһС߽˷䣬˷š
֡
ôˣˣ
Żعûˡ˵꣬ɫȴʮѿʵ˵ģ˵ͥ¥ĳ͡
ֻû뵽

㲻ϲ㲻岻Ϊʲô
ʱ˽ѯûҪɾ
˵һɾģɫҾ͵ˡԽ
깫һ㶣ЦʵڲɣɾѾˣڸոգȥ˵žָָ¥
ȻǸոȥڻû·ɣλ˽ˣһԽƴֵ˵꣬Ա߻Ǯ׵ϡ
ɫһΪ˴ֻ֣ܺݺݵĵһۣȻס
⡭⣬ԷɾϿͻˣҲݵˣҲﲻ𰡡
˭
깫Ϊѡ
Խ׳깫ЦЦǰϺĶӰÿ¶ģǳϲϣÿζһϵġ
Խ룬ͻȻȵĿԱһֱһЦˣȻ˻ù깫ȥ
ôˣҪˣʵ
ԽȴЦʵ󰡣벻̼ģ׽ڴô
䣺
󣺣
һߣŶķ
Ĺż磬ЦĴſڳָһԵľЦߣôãȥһ
һֻɵ򣬿ͦӣûжĹҪƣһӶ
СӵĿ֪ģӮҲ֣̹
壬ûǮ䣬Ѻʲô
һ«СҼӦֵӣͷûǮԼ档߸磬أ
ָɶĶ࣬ȱǮ͵
Ц־Զ
ôӶķ߳һŶˣ΢΢̧ͷԶˣЦһ
·˲һƳƼ˴ĿӣɵĶסĿ⡣
Ǻܿ죬˾ʧȺС
ٴγֵʱѾͥ¥Ĳ̯ˡ
Ȼǳµĳ顣
ƻǵպٻԺʱԼûл͵Ű£ԲòŽ
Ϊѹס̫ܿصһʱųţֻû뵽˽С£ҹСģ͵͵ɽĹпĳ˵ʱ򣬳Цˣѹְѹֽ˵һ㶼ΪѣȻ˼͵ܳˣС
ѾҵطغãҲɣһʮ˳ֻսˡ
ȴûгɹһ⡣
һ豭ص棬ѿŵС̯һܿ˹С̯ϲЦտļϲ衣
ѹֲסϷڣܿصŭԺŰ
鲻òȥ·ûƭ
˼Ľʵֻһ
ԣϣһģһ
ֻǴ֮ǰλöѣɲǴϵλá
վˣ֮ǰϲ󣬻ǳϷйҪ硣
ܺϲҲΪ
Ҳ˼Ʋϱѡ
ֲϲҲûʲôϵŵǲǸʲô飡
Լֵ˷ʱ˽¡
ѹסԼ෴ĵطߣˣû̫ѧˡ
᲻СĴϡ
ˡʡĻۣ

Խ磬ã
ѽЦ˵ܶʶһأûµġ
ΪѵĿ䣬ʼʾΪһԽǷɵģ˭Ҳûáһȥðգţʲô黹һ¡
վԽһߣҲֻܸϡ
¥Ҫǰոտķ䣬¥ͻȻһ֡
˱תע¥£ͼһͼһŶӡ
ֻǿŶӵӾ֪ҲǿˣɾȻˣƷ迴˶ӣ˸ͼǿ§˼ңǾˡ
ܼɾͼ͵ϮϧûĶ֣ܿͻᱻ¡䱾ܵķ
ΣܻᡣԽҲڵ
ǡæ
Խ䣬ʵҲеΨ²ҵӣֱһץԱ߹װεһߣͬһ¥˦ȥһѲס˶ӵֱӰ˸¥
أԽҫɼΣȻûŵУ¥߶ȿɲ͡
¥µȴѾЦһֱӷԾݲǰԷҪ֣ѾѸٳȭһȭȥأΧʱ
û£εѡ漴ڵϣҩѡַܿԾ¥˾̾书һ
㡭ʱҲע⵽˶ӵİʶȻһϳ֣ô
̧һֻֻƿ¶忡ӣ续֮޲̾
Խ˵ԳòСûһȵǰҲѹָոյֻ˵Ҳ̫˰ɣȻһ㶼͸ɲ͸е
ԽΪܻῴ͸ģǰЩʧˡ
ԽȤˣ
֡黺ڡ
˲䷴ӦһΣҡɺϣģλԽͻ䡣
Խ磬磬ҵͬѳ飬ҲǰϺ
񻺻Խͻɨֵͬһμλֳá
ԽӦŶģ
Ҳ鸴ӵĿ飬ոջ˵ЩתСģ̫ˡ
Ҳû뵽Ϊ˲κ֪ųŽŵģײˣ鷳ļƻ˿ֻҪΪδⶼĳ˺ģ鲻ŭиһʡ
ǣ岻ãҷ֮󣬾ȥġ
һµıܡ䵥Ŀҫ
ԽʹȻ̬вʲôϺз磬СģǰĳòĶҵˡ
ԽƺȤˡ
ĸ˾վſڸ˼κѣͻȻڴһҽԼһġҪ
ĸɫͬʱˡ
룬ѵѾͦͰԽǷͿǰɫһһѿ
죬˵Ǹáӣ
ߵĳͻȻһ
Խͻ䶼ЩȣֻոջһòжȵıܾȻ˲ʧأŻɷͬڱһȥһ߿˷š


34 
ϵʱϾ͸ڵһŵ˹ʣҼ·һĺ
ֹӣˣĺ㰡
ǿﲻǣϡⲻ𣿡
ɿһᣬһ߽ߵЦЦǵ̫ˣֹӻҰɡ
ȻЦ˵ǼϤζζӸոһ·ήҲ񣬱þѡ
ϵ䣬ԭļоÿÿ䣬ϻ˵Ц֣ģȺȾƺȵþˣͿʼģ
ȵڶڴϣﻹŻ˯ϣֻоƣߣˬĸоʲôȻǲԶġ
ԭһθϿʼԭͷβֻҹһɾһ²۹ζԭֻϡ
һƽʱ˰£ԸһεϺ֮ǰ顣
ӣȣۿѵ˵꣬ǰ·
˵·ȴǲ࣬һһǷ飬ǿ̲ţϸ۲ˡ
һϲ£ȴģīɫ˿һĳɢţһ̶򵥷٣һƯмƣ۵ļˮʼչ˵Цݣһ̧۲ʱ̹ˡ
һֱô˼ҿ²Ҫ˼ҡһ˵ţһ޹ǵĿϣǲˣ岻ʣ
ȷЩ岻ʡԼһ֢״˵һ£ϵ治ɫѽôذǽҿɫãǲǼϺ󣬾͸оˣ
ȷǡЦ˵
ǹӿҪ֮Լÿ¶ҪҲУźչ㣬˵κҩҪЧĶĹš
ͻȻһסϵϱŪۣһ
˵ֱקϻûзӦ֮ǰͰˤ˴ϣＱϡ
ȴû˸ոյ࣬һӾȻˣӣŪ˼ˣδżˣҲɣǻҹأһΣûź򵽹Ӿˡȱţȥ׼һ¡
ȴƲܣҪѹһ˿ͷѲĿˣԼİ취ġ
ĺţͬһڴһ׵ľ
ҲոֻǿӲĵˣһߣбڴϣƺڵȴϻ
ϻͷֵЦ䣬ߵһԵ¯ߡ
ǽʱ¯ûãǳѬ㣬ԲϻڵİϣÿϤζ
ȵϰ¯ȼ𣬺ܿ췿ڵζأÿÿ˯ŶڱǼϤζ
תǻȱһ߳Ŵһ·ֻʣµ׿Ȥİڰڵıɴ
˴ߣĵϴӣź㡣
Źϰ·һһѵҪ⿪µʱϴ˵һ
Цһ̧ͷȥȻͼѾᵹڴ˯ˡ
´ϢζԽԽص¯ŵ˴ͷ˴һζڴ棬һʳ
һУͼ˵ϵ·׼뿪
ʱͻȻϱܵĻͷ
ʱһֻֿ˹һסϵĲӡ

죡
ϵĽûгͱϴˣʱŵòҴУֲֻܾŵĿǰˡ
ǻ˯
Ϊʲôѹˣ
ӣ㡭Ǹϻˡ
ҸİɣõʲôΪʲôң˭ָʹģ
ƽ٣˲𽥱졣
ովһмԺвļѾ֤Ĳ²⡣
ȷȾ˶񫡣
һʼֻǶԼַӦоԻ󣬶Ҽ֮ǰˮ֢״յһ飬˷ԴͷԲҲͷ
ܿ뵽һȴȷΪ֪̺ͷʱܴ󣬶Ҽԭ϶ûʲôԼ飬Ͼ˳źҶߣʲôɵľٶ˱Ȼ֪ô£Ϲ棬ҸóǶͥ¥ʳʲô϶ҲҴһ
лǴɵģֱ֤
ոͼϴϷӦܴǾ֤֮ûϱֵôܹÿģ
˵Ҫȥ׼Ψһ׼ֻȼ㣬֤Ҫÿ
ӽͥ¥͹۲СϲûζҴζһģոҴŻȥһʱڷſפһҲѬ㣬дߡãǾԸζͬ
ҲֻΪסԼ͵СֶΣһЩѬ㣬ոòʹ깫
깫ʵҪ϶ģÿֻҪˣ϶׼ͬѬ㣬ΪֹϲΪɾȻҪסͻϲá
˵ֶֻһ˶ѡ
˭뵽ҪʹãһһΣܱһ֮ãʵĶѬڹŴǷǳ飬ʤԭÿûעѬ顣
Ϊ˵飬֣һһ裬оʮţƵģ񿺷ܣûбѬŪΣۼΪʵĿһСڵóһۣС˵磬ʵӺͱ׼ôģȾ϶ˡ
ȷˣǾͱʲôϵĳɹʣе˭Ⱦģ
ԭȻǰϺĶӣҲֵһĿСĴµԣԩ޳ģֻͨСģΪ֮
СĿɲϡֱӿ˫ʸֱۣСĵʮСģûãҲҳֵԭ
˵ʲôֻǼ˯ˣΪˣԲҴŰˡùӣ˶ҡ
ٸװڴͷѬĶһûԤڣûж㵼¼ҷӦԴߴѴմȾҿֵܻ֢״ǲǣ
ֹͫסһû뵽д˾ȻһӾ˵ʱĵǡ
ϵ֮ǰһֱûзԼ⣬ΪҶ㱾յһһΣʳѬ㣬ֻҪҳڵʳͺѳֶ񫷢ҲͲᷢԼ˰ˣֱҵ壬ҵԴѬ㳹ŪΪֹ
ļ֮ԲȫΪԭԴѾʴˣǻһʶԭƾͻ¶ɼȱʧķӻɵӣ֮ʲô³
ԭУԭǲˣڴϣշʱ˭ֱĳķнϷӦ
û뵽ݣҪҲǳǱΣ
ϻֽŵɫ֪Լ˵ˡ
ӣӣˣľͨѬ㣬ǡҪӸ۰ҲŪã˵ЩҶǹӲţҴѬ㡣ϻŵı⡣
̫ѧĴǱ߿Ե֪Ѭû֢״Ҳ鲻
νɱΡ
ĿƱ磬ֱӿŵǲײĲᣬУҽһ¶㣬ڳѬĴϣúʳһ£ʱԸ֤һ£û⡣
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ɫȻ䣬ӣϣϲˣ˲ңҲûбҪԴ
ϣҪίװҧѬ⡣ƺΪƭɵˡ
ĺľЦ˵ʵ
ԩ޻˵ϻѼӲ֪϶Ūһ̾͹ˡ
˿ɲϧ񣬸οǺļһҪָѵʱǰһǰϾȻΧĻҲʼŤ
ҩ»ЧΪû˯ţԳʵУ
ͻأĳӰͶܵķֻӹȥȴֻܻӿգ֤ʲôûС
ͷĺʼϵ䣬δӴеĲֱ治ǰľЩʵЩãֻеĴȷץϡ
еԼðˣڵ״̬ȥ˳źҶϷԼ״֪ô
æҪȥ̳ҩûġ
ô죿װȥ
Ȼϲ֪ôˣֻоסԼӵԽԽšſң
ջǾһԼ·磬ֱϵĲӣһֱҵϡ
ϱҵĹͷҪɢˣгŲҪ
ȴ˿Ĳӣϣ޷Ӹµаƺûã㲻Ĵ𰸣ǿԺú棬ҰһҹҲС壬ŵס
飡
ͻȻһſڴոջڿŵ˲һͬ˰ɣڻǻþУôӦԣҲ̫˰ɡ
תͷһ

ſڸո׳ˣ


35 
ŴԲһֻһ㱡ɴջɾǰһȥʮֱ׺ݻ˼Ҳֻµӡ
ӣƺҪֱϾӲ
˿ֻ̾һɾãб̬ȺõĿˣôСɾһȻùǲȰ裬Ͼͥ¥
ڡ
ڹļžУһɵĴһУá
ԱߵĻ˵ԽʵոǸǻԵͦˣڻߣ͸ӲϹˡ
ɫѿƿߣҪ˳䡣ﲻɵ˵һǸ
ʵ˽£ҲֻͬˣûʸվЩʲôҲû뵽ԭ֣֮һʡ
Դӽ֮󣬾ͽסˣڰ׷ķĿʲôסƵġ
֪ۿȫͬĸܡ
СѲӣǸոʲôԼʲô
ԺеķӺǱ߶һ˲˺ǣ۵׷ɫѪ˿ֲɵذ׵λá
ܿصɱӳ֮ܺܿӦ屾ܵԤԱߵĳʱΪȣһ־˳ĺϣ·һϵĺɢƵġ
䱾ܵһЩ飬ΪովȻ߻ħƣǳûô᣿
ԽһۣоΪȤһš׽顯ԣӦԼմȾԹ޷֮ǰһܳ͸һǱֺڣһ۾ͿʲôԽȿϷ
ͬʱѹϵϿˣӦһ͸Ͻ
֪ҪҲС
һͱܵս֣ķв
·ֱһſڵŻع
ʵֱϺ֮ǰȷǰֵǲˣȷ˴ǲʵģΪУһж黯εģǱġ
ȷһֱûֵ⣬Ķȷ
飿ͬʱͥ¥ſڡ
Ҫô϶ֻ֡ܡ
ԵſڣһȺŤŤĶſڣϤĳ;ԼĻþġ
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Դ˵һӦȵȣһġ
Լո˵Ļ˿ԼڵĶ˲оͷð亹ôһƺӶϴĸоˡ
ܵѰĳˣҪɫӾΧڣٳ飬һвͬ
߶֪þ۽ȫ޷ȷĻþĲﵽ˼㡣
룬ѹּ״̬ҲָˣǰĻ滹ûб䣬ʹǳҲûɿϵˣ·ڵȴε˳ȥĺ¡
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⣬Ψһŵ˾ǰôܷأΪάԼİҲ뿪
ΪоͺܹˣԼѹһأһθҲ̫˰ɣǲе۸ˣ˼ҳ黹ĹӸ磬أ
һؿڣЦſ֪ҪʲôѵǺȾˣƷ
ûӦʱżˣѵǻþͬһںڵϹеˣֻܿȷΧһУߵȴܰо̫ˡ
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һֱάһϵĲӣһĶ
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ĿĿͷβûƵģֻϺͳ顣
ڷϣһ˲䣬ͽץסˣҲ۽˹
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ҪԼ֣ȴץĸˣͻȻһȻֱӰѳ뻳Уס
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ҡΪҿԽû뵽ͻȻþ
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Ļ֮ˡ
룬ֱŪϡ
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ǡҪ
һᣬȫɡĵ
ȴְڳίĿλСֵܣʲôֹ֪ŪˣѬûġ
ϸո˵꣬Ϳ鵭һЦذ˲䳯ϵŴ



36 
ȥǰԾǳɻ磬ʲô
ǺܿϿ
˵ȫ˵
֮ǰ˵Ĺأ
ϿǰŴذ׼⣬ϣҲֻҪǰǸᶶһ£ԼͻϹˡ˿߷Χڻ̧ܿ𣬱̵Цϵ
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Ϊǿɱ˵
ϲܿ࣬ȻԸϣȫ
¯ѬһֽС㡯̼򵥲ײЧˣǽס
ֲ²ⶼǶԵģ񫷢άҲֻҪһһΣû֢״޹вͬԲױ˷֡
֮ǰôˣҲȷΪԭļУûΪζԵ֡ȥҲֻΪϲϣΪѬȥѬֻнϵʱӦŻҲΪĳζܣֻоʲôֱζߣӰΪֹ
һδڼ䣬ϸ¹ζĻɣ̹һΣ͵ڽϳɹˡ
ȼջǱĬƻʳߵӣ޷עŭң𽥵ľͻڰʱҲþﵽЧ
ԭôȥֻҪһ꣬ͻΪһӡ
ı仯κ˵ĻɣҪҲԸǣõ·
ֻԭǱһţǱˡ
ϵĽŷľһˣͬﶼƲϡ
ǴڹƷԼ϶㲻
ȸһʶһһ飬ɹͰβϣǽ֮ҹϺӣϵȻĶֱֲɱˣûж
Ӧ֮˶ڸͻʹáϴͷβǮ£֪Էݡ
ϴͻ˵֪ûй͸ϣһ˷ڣͻ᲻ٷ±ͨ߹ûǮãԲż취ʳ
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񡭡ҹʱ
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ɵ񿴹ϸϽû˵ѣ֮ǰΪûĻûõԷûиҲ䣬ÿչ鿴˾ͻٸҲ䡣պǵգʱͻԺſڵҡ
ͬʱ뵽⣬Ҫȴ޷۽ʹյߵ
ͻȻŪĶ䷢̲סӣȻָָԼ۾ȻӢͬǿץһУǸҲʶǾͼ٣а취֪Ļ֮ˡϺȵġ
ָ֪ܻ
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˰ȴֳ龹Ȼûпˣһ˵ˣѵĸԭһﺦˣ
ǣͻȻڵô˵ÿҹֱӱ޹Ļ˯вþΪǸһһҹʵڷڣ

ϣǵģȻ¯ǷڴڵģҲΣԻֹ˯£ͳȥˣٻ󡣡
ӦһͻȻ㵵Ҵû㣿
ɫεҲԸСĵģܲȻ㡣
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еͬԭˡ
ȵȣûϣҲûˣѵԭУԭĵһǸѹ㱻ڷˣΪԭûо飬ֻԺеĻˣҲ֪˳
⡭ʵеҺʱֹһѪ
ͦźҪֲ𣿡ͻȻһ䲻ȵ
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㻹˵⻰㺦ҺĻ𣿾P͵ģǶӦû㲻ɡͼУԭҲǼᣬҪȻǮҲ̫
ȴֳ˲¹ͷĵط͵һΪԼ𣿶ҹҲûжҶģ˵ϲҾΪҸ˳ҲģƾʲôҪĻرأ
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ĶĿ˿ȡǹȥˣȥˡ
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Цϵľҳʲô
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ܿ죬ˣһСӣͨĻҲ£ļҴӵСˡǾԲͳʶˡ
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лʲô𣿡
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ԷȻ֪ǵĿģ龪ȣȴһתס͸ԽĽŲ
ܿ죬ԽͰǴһ
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ԽЦеĿһ£ѵԵβһ𣿡
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ɵˣðôһ˰̶Ҫˡ
ȴ˲䷴ӦԷͨˣﱳҵˡ
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һۣ֪ԼˣҲϹȷ˵ˣһǸǮģһǸģǮǸҪǵˣľ൱Ǳ˶þͶͻ
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˰ܿһЦҵͽˣûб뷨Ҫ֪˭ұҡ
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䣬ϽһʣкĴƣ»ʵǻ֮ѾĻϽϽʹԼһսսֵ˺ͣȴʹ㡣
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ֻһζԵսУǿɹ£ȴˣúţҴɵ
ʱ;òյʱԣҹģǾ͵Ǳ϶ôûȥӦþ⡣
ԽڻֱӡȨƣΪҰ֮һ鲼£ټӰ仹Ȣºȴһ¹ѣʲôҲʲô
ʧȥ֣ҲΪбͳεĵ߸˷ʡ
û뵽ô͸˼ˡԭ飬ڹеʱŻʶ𣿿Լθ˾ȣϣǳ鷳źá
ʵҲ¶ˣ
ǲܣľǳɢɢĵģҲǰףû뵽дջ񣬾ͰȺˡԽЦ
ȻʶԽͻ䣬ʱǶ󣬵ǲѾ֣һθպÿԿڵĳ̶ȣֵֵһá
ܿ죬ͣˣһˡ
ԽЦЦһơ
鰴סһ³Χݸոʻľ룬ȻûгзΧʱǰֵľȻһࡢ¥
̤˲䣬ԺͻȻһ
֧񣺸á˼ܡ
ĵһˡ


37 
ոһ·ϾЩˣԼε¼ԭѧá˵¼йأϾԭʱŽҵҲͬһ顣
һԭĻ趨ģȻĳ򣬿ԭлᱻշõĵطľһǰˡ
̧ͷһ¥־ǰҲ˴ž顣
ǱܵĿһԼĻ֣ùҩ֮󣬻ֻ18֣Ҳ֪ʧܿȥ
񣬵תһҲûðʧܣֻҪı뷨һ컹һ·
̲ס͵͵˳һۣҲǡÿͷһͼѵԼĶϣΪñӡ
ϳ㣬һ¡
һůһֱôΪĻܲܡһֶζԸ˰ĻᲨܶ޹հ
˵ֻһһˡ
¥ࡢ¥
ҹǧձƣ¥ͷ׷ףſЦп͵Ůǣݺݺַ࣬Ƿǲվſڣ˳ˣоԼ϶Ҫðˣոͥ¥ûʲôоڿ¥ΪһִԽŴˣ˵ʶһ¶Ǽٵġ
ȫˣոմѳת۾͵ŮѡԽпſòҪƫ˰ɡ
Խһۣ㵱ۿ˽ȥģһſڵĻ˵˻Ȼˡ
ǵһɫˡԽ·
ȵȣȥҹǰ𣿡ü
ԽЦˣҰӣǸոΪʲôֱǰӣѵ򲻹𣿡
췴ӦҲɻĿͳ飬԰Ҫҵֹӵ𣿸ոֱѹס˱ʲͺˣ
Ż䵥ӣοˣôδһսһˮƽϡ
һʼҲʹ⡣
֮ǰΪֵ£ֲʶӣ°˵ѻߴ˵Ǿ͵ǴݾߣҲ֪˭ҪԺľǷʤˡ
Գ˵٣ۼΪʵõıƭ
ǰֻ£֪֪˭µĵ͸޷жˣҳӪҳϰЧ
ʱԽֻǼ򵥵Ĺͨһ£ͻͨˣΪ˲͹Լıڤ˼죬ס
ͣ漴һȻӣļû뵽СӿŲԴͦġ

һڻûмʳɹϽɫãŸ˲̫Ĵ
мû뵽Ҳûй͸ʵȷǰҵʱǵǲ׷ˣƾǺΣյġ
ԽͻͲһˣ첻µز£Ͱ飬ҲǸʵ顣ǼȻڵ£ǳͽһǵĶ磬
ˣò˵ȤһһβͱԽˣҪٽӴˡ
Ұӣ˭תͷʵ
ԽҪ˵ͻȻ飬Цӣ˵أ
ɨԽһۣ͵ϰͻ
ʣ
װҡ
һԳĴָ԰
Խ̽飬ҲܻչԼȻҪշð
ˣ߽˴¥
¥ڹ깫ˣ˵ǵһĽ
λүãǵĻûпʼѡĻ֮أλҲսһ¡
ѵﻹǹѡˣԽЦ
ȻǣֻлһȨӲ֪ǵĻһ쾩ǻĿףʵǵһɲ𣿲֪λүôƺ
ջλ֣ġԽĲѵ
깫֪Ǻ⣿
ࡣ
깫΢΢죬ȻλΪ
Ȱѿ˴ż󣬾˵Ҫѡ
ʱҪҲҪʶһ»͸¶ϢôӮǼһķģԽβûǮˣΪѾʮԾ
깫üЦĿʼ˽ܡ
Ǽһټˣһ࣬ǰٻʧɫ˶Ϊת黭ͨӮ˻͸ԼһأֻҪӿ͵ӣԼķʽѡĻ֮ÿһεѡⶼͬҹǱʫ˭Ķ࣬һһ׵Ǹ˾ӮҡǰҹֱӮ˾ʤ
깫˺ܶӣ棬ȴŻˣ̲ס͵͵˳һۡ
Ǻ޹ɿԣ
깫ЦȻˣѡķûҪеģ˵ڼλүء
Ҫ¥衣
깫ΪǲҪ𱣬Ϳڵʱ趼ڰŴĻõȵСѡ֮ŵÿա
깫˵͸ˡ
Ƶط˶ѡ䲻ӿͻŪôأ
ԽЦЦһȤľӪ֮ѾһȺ˹һ˶óԸԴ¥ԣ׬ֻ಻١ÿβͬȻʸУ֪᲻ֵԼóģֲҪĽǮ֧ţѶѣȻÿд˹ˣˣѾˡԻǿһҵĿˣǾһʺϿ˵ıÿӮʤߵϲã
ЦǼȻôĵľӪࡢ¥ˣﻹҪðǸɻ
˭֪أȷǵĴӪûˡԽЦ
ȷ鸽͵
ȵôжˣûüǾ͸ء
ԽָָԼıӣᵽһЩ̫õζҲһЩ򵥵סˡ
ֱӵӣ
˲ӣҲֻŵ֬ˮ۵ζ
Խ˻һۣأ
ջع۲ߣָͨλõĽ䣬һǱߺƾƣʶˣֻ˵Ϊֹе֡
ſžüϷӦ
ʲôԽͻ俴
Ǹ˴ҲǶʲô񫣬ûмʳͷˣǱߺѼע⣬ΣѾˣȴڷ֮ǰһЩ֢״ơ
Ĺ۲Խһֵĳ顣
ɺ϶ѡ黰䣬Ҫλˡ
Խ䣬ֱš
һ˲ϵָ棬ҲͨϿֻ¥һͻȣŮӳվǱ߹ĵȺţһĿһٻӰڳ֡
һĺŮӣһ·ŻϮĻϣ֬Ǳˣ衣
źɫĵɫɴڰڸ飬¶һ˫Ķ۹ǣһƳΪ֮
˵Ƥ˵Ĺǣ˾̾
Խֱһʫʱ٣ֻСԲֻ֣ۡһ뷨ŮˣȻɫĴ
¶һˣ˯Ů֮һ
¶ЩԹĻͷ顣
Ҳüôܺÿ𣿡
ոճֻǵɨһۣջߣ۲ΧȴͻȻҲһͷı飬ӡӦŮġѵ˶Ҳǻ⵽Ƕָ
ֿ˼ֻۣǱƽʱŮӣһŨױĨװˡ
ɴ壬أÿ𣿡ʵ
ʵ棬΢΢һ㶣ĵѵ¶ҡͷһ㡣
ĺ⣬а̾ûģ
ɴµģƴգѾ֪ξôˡ
ԭУûԼĲκͣԽͻưкܳ·Ҫߣ¼Ƿ֮飬ΪԽͻ飬Ȼ֪˺ܶ࣬ںǸģȻץס취ҵ˴¥
ôõֶΣ϶Ứշõˡַ˴¥鱨ռ˻¶ġ
ԭĵǸʱѾϰˡ
Ϊϰɽӿͣ²żĳ⣬ӿ͵ĶֻǳҪԸĵˣЩ˲Ż᲻֪оȾ˶񫡣
飬ԳĹȻԸΪκ飬ֻϧʱĳںģǻ֮ûн󹬣Ҳ֪䣬һֱԹԵĵϢĹߡ
ĳΪԸӴʹĿˣǿȾ̽ɱȻǸձˣǰճԣûж߸˵ΪԼŮ˱
ڳŮУ¶ϲϧĴˣͶӡ̵ͦģΪС
кҲϾѹûƭĸ飬һҲ¶ԼԸģҲֲһûĵͷϡ
ˣ˵ĸԣԼҲܲţʱôİɡ
˰죬ʵ벻ϸڣӢ۾ץסѱвһİɣֻҪŮйصշ̶࣬һ·ˡ
ݲϸ룬ΪѾʼˡ


38 
һεѡʽǴˣ¶һ仨ڳλдĻһǾʤ
¶Ҫ˻طȴ
һй깫ѯҪҪμӣμӵĻÿ˳ʮӵѡ
ǮովͶˣԽֱùʮ
깫óֽüд»
һмأһ²ءԽЦʵ
깫ЦӷģȻҶĻظ
ðɣдɣϣĸһСûʲôʾո¶ĵɫɴ·ƣԽֽ˼
붼û룬ֱдһ
Խʲô
ûֻһټĻҲԿ͵͵Ǳ룬
Ҳ̫˰ɡԽ²۵תͷô
˿дģǹ⻷һǳдǸСˣһȥ͸ˣʱ򡭡˵Զˡ
ǡҪ򿪴ܳҪˣ
ʵìܣ룬д˻¡
Խҡͷܡ
ԽһԼдһְдһȻһ𽻸˹깫
ûˣԽϽѯ
𱷿ţ𱲻ڷڣԡ
ỨвҲνѾһȷĿˡ
˵Ϳʼ𰸡
ֻ¶ٴγֳһɫĻ˼˲һƬ̾Ϣ
Խ󾪵Ŀ飬䶼ûУǵóдľ
Ҳ¶ȣһдˡ
ˣԽȵôãǸպã𱽻ǣȥ̽̽¶ĵϸҲйأǾƿظˡ
һŮӾֹӡϲ
ΪҪųбͬʱеͼֽոŮӶһžȵһ¥ߺżֹ𣿡
˲䷿˶
дһԽֵ
ҲȵĿ
εҾһˣðգϾΪҵãôñһأǡǡ
ԽһݵĿͷԣȴ˼
ȵѾȷֹӣһһֵܺһƬȻ¶ȻһϽӴλˣҪͬλ飬׼ֱӰһӴһ
깫ǰѯʣȳ˵ͼææֵģûжʱ䶺ֻҪʶһ¶ķɣᣬɲֵһһ棬ľͺá
깫ʱһֿɵӵȻֿ飬һλȻҲûгԷԣֱ˼
깫ȥظ¶ͬˡ
ԽĴָһдķͬʱ˵ҲԽİˣ·ѾΪʲôôˡǵԼĶԱ˰ѳֲסģҪ̫ˡ
תͷӲĿų飬ĵܺˣﻹ֪ôأȫһȽϺáպ󣬱һᲹ㡣
ջߣڳһĵӣҿЦˣµġ
ߣʲôĺܣǶǣôǼɫˡ
ôŻˣĻӣҲȤ
ˣǾͷͷжǶԸ𱣬ǶԸҪʱ򣬷ǳֶҲɣȻˣͱҪջˡԽѵ
ܿ죬ͳĽֹע˻¶ķ䡣
ʱ¶ãƺڤʲôǽ̬ţͬˮһᡣ
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ûƵˣʧˡ
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˲ţ߹ȥµĶӲޱȣ±ŮЦ
۳鵹ȻޱȣӽΪֹûж࿴¶ۣעĲ棬ϰߣκİĵطȹ۲ܣϤƿء
Ȼͬ¶Ҳһ˿棬ڿʱ¶ֱӶһ£糺죬רҵĻɬŮ
һ¶̬üһֱӿ𣿾Ϊһԭǿɱ̾ĳģ
Ŀ飬ȻѾϰˣǲòϣŲһЩֱԭԪȼʵȳҪÿ
ðɣҪŮˣҲҪˡ
¶񣬳ϰΪͬᱻע⵽Աȵ񣬳ȴ޷ԡ
ڸ»һֱƽʱֲǲôأ
ﱻЩ̲꣬סתͷ
һۣ֪ıߡ
ʱǶ¶ǰˡüȥŪɢǵŮģڸÿ
λǵһ֪ūҿΪλʲô¶ϵ
¶ﱧã絯һɷ񣿡鿪ڵ
Ȼ֪λӣ¶Ц
磬ʲô
и磬ͽб绹еģƮһ£ͺá
ⱨһף¶ʼࡣ
ȻԹŵûɶ򣬵Ҳ¶һõò˵٣Ŀһ뵽Լ飬иаãմ˶Ͳˡ
źͻȻоһʱһȣ
ȵȣԱ߲һ
Ȱ
ǵδŮ˵ǰ
ȻƤˣܵų⡣
Ǻܿ죬ͷӦˣд֣
ۣ
Ҳǻ飬֪ҪѰһͷ
Ҳѧ֣ڵ·Ĵȣָ滺
дһ֣͸оĴȼһ
ô
ɻĿ飬ɫɵȻƺûκηӦ
īɫֵĶĵǺԽԡ
Ȼû뵽㣬֪ΪɶеЦ
ƽҲΪֱոϻ֣Լϣָƽ΢΢ֱ֣ϼд֮ǰôɹֱܲ˰ɡ
ûдأֺżæŵˡ
εķӦ

ˣǰ谡ôģΪֱôͺռ˵ɣڱܿ
̫ˣҺˣһ׷ȥ㲻̲סͷ쭣Ͼ˭̵סһٱ˳Զ
Ϊ֮ǰԼһ͵ΰιϾ֮ǰ㿴壬˼ұֱԵҲˣúõҪעⰡ
ԼһϣȣȻոûд꣬Ӧ˼ˡ
Ϊʱע⵽Ҳ¯ҲζԼеĻеƣ⣬ע⡣Ѭϸ΢Ĳ𣬳ԽĹӣΪ֮ԹĲע⵽
ܿ죬¶Ѿˣ̧ͷȥʱˡ
һǽٺһķҡ
ô𣿣
¶һθоԼˣЩãֱӿʵ֪λֹӶūҵкμ⣿
Ͻޣˣգգν˳ڵһΪɾء
ǿ޵Ļ̫࣬¶ֻǵһЦûʲôʾȻ顣
͵Ǹɽˮ˼ڣȻ̬߳Ȳ⣬ź
һ㶣̡
¶ȴסʽı龹Ȼһɣ˫ۺĶų飬ӿԸϸ˵˵

ʼңȻеģֱӵУֻ鷳ƣͬʧȥɵɽˮȻûڿԣ´ε֮࣬𣬴֡
һһ㶣ɣôࣿתͷһüһ¶۾ˡ
ǣū֪¶ˡ
ҸոᵽζȻ˱ǣȴʱˣҪ浯࣬ζɲʡ˵꣬⿴һۡ
˲ᣬǰҾϲܵǳ˾ƣӲ˰ɡ
ҲֻǾζ׸ѡ
˾ζ飬ƺܳƵġ
¶һ£ЩȻδ㡣˵λģȻǶζȽһЩ
һܺãתˡ
˾Ϳʼ¶һгζкζٵζ¶ɫҲ𽥱仯
ƺԭԳҲ˺ܶࡣ
һ¶ȻλôϤҷڵѬ㡣
¶˵ž¯׼ȼ㡣
ζƮ˲䣬ɫͱˣ㣬顣
Ҳ׼¶¯ǰʱ˲䱩ذ׺ֱָ¶Ĳӡ


39 
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𣿡ѹŭ
¶Ų䴫ĴʹȻ־壬Ծҧ
ǾܷŹҲԱ
ι㣬뺦ǵĺһίӡ˴̺֡
ɨһۣԭЩ֣ˡô
˦˦û¡˵žòˮ¯Ū
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¶Խ˵Խ·͸޵ĺ⣬ⲻ̫ͳе¡
һֱۣӵĲ࣬ɥʲôȻȻеóѵİ취ϣҿһ
ƭңҶ֣Ҿ͸ҽУơ¶ֱӵҲǷſңҿԲǻĻᡣ
ֵﷸôɣҲûб뷨Ҫһ¡ոֱӶֲɾѬ㣬Ҳ²ߡ
¶΢΢һ㶣кģϢߣ㶮ķϣҿԵûз
ɱһʼԤƫ̫ˣԭΪĽ׳Ǳû뵽ֱӳͻôǰ𣿻˵ԭ
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Ю¶ûľҲ֮ǰʱ񣬿ͥ¥ѾһЩ㣬˵ӦǶȹ˷ڣ¸µĽڲŶԡ
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𱰲¶׵ǻϽȥ׷ˣĸһܵ
һӷڵ˶߹ˣֻʣ¶¶ϲԣʵѾ֤ûл˽ˡ
¶Ҳף϶ỳɣϾΪ˻¶ҲұֻһΡ
ʱ¹еĳŻֱոգʵһֱ¶
ֻҪ¶ҳǣ󴦵İɱΣȻһֹǵı¶ٱȱֱӳлᡣ
Ĺ͸϶¹ٲǴȫڰ״̬
һʼͱƵб棬ǱţǿűߣȻп϶ڲŲŪ
ֱɴ·˴ҵľһ𣬳תͷһͼѾûκѪɫĿڹӱϣҲֹסĳ鴤Ȼǰܵļӱ֮ǰ鶼ûмô尾ӡ
鲻ɵüܵץסֱۣԼѾˣ޷ʹࡣ
˫۰ţëܵĺˮŪʪˡʶ۾˳һۣĳ֣ǿһЦݣʾԼܼ֡
ͷ۾ͣͿʼ
¶ȻҪǴͬǵϸǵ׷ʲô顣
һ͵һʼǻαװ̰ʾңҪҲΪͬУҪ̽һ£㣬ȻһӾ˳Ǿĵø룬ߡ
˵Ϊԭ̸ҲǿǸ׳Сͦʱ˳ֵϷˣǶŹˣеʲôҲǼһﾹȻͻȻҳ֣ȻͿʼҶϲشŷӦ֮ǰȫҵĻҺ㷢һãû뵽ôѰѵĻᡣ
Һû¡¶ĵ
Ҳ¶ֵģ᷽ӵģľͲҪᣬһɿǹټˣģû֤ݣҲû취
𱰲¶ϸѯʸո˵
˼ԽͻӦòôװǶȥİ취ˣתͷʱͼѾͷ󺹣ʼ·һȵӣһ󣬲ײ˹š
鰴ס֣ܵԥһ£ֻѹסԼְ죬һЩΪǶգĺܶ࣬滹һ硣
ǽ⿪磬Ȼ½һһĲֱץסɫ˿µıԵ־ͶסˣЩ΢оЩֵֹģе²ȥˡ


40 
ȵĿҪϢˣ˺ǱϣҪƵġЩƵ˱ѹƵֱۣҪԼɢȣȴֵס
ֻ֮ץס֣һ֣ԼҲ¶ѩ׵һƬţΪոյĥѾһϸܵĺˮ΢ţȻڷ⡣żٵĺš
ڵͫĪһ£ЩڵŲߡ˫ֻάץµĶֻǴʱѾ⴦
ջЩӲ֡
ոһ£ͺǹƵģһ˲ĸоȻһļС
Һöʪ䣬ոֿֿŵģůɢˣܻһЩȶȣҪȻȵĿҪʧȥǵĳӶˡ
ܿͲ·ˣΪֿʼ䡣
һΣţܸоʲô䳹飬ѪҺסĸоʱܶԱȵķȸѰ
ֿʼͣش·ȻΧıɴϵףݶĴˣΪ˲ַֻܰҧš
Ŀ˼尾ȴΪвɵķԺðɱ˵뷨
кˣɱ
ѾĲˣһͣҪʳ㣬ָоĺܿ£ֲܿƵ˳ĻУҪŻϣںŵԺûкʶˣֻһ뷨ҪʳҪʹ࣬䡢ʲôĵ´Σ´һԣξˡ
ȻԸٴΰס֣ͼ̧ͷĿš
ͷһ־ȻҪɿܲȵţҪȻ¸µģֻĥܺöȹһЩ
Ҫóϵʱ򣬳˲ѹǵᶨҪʱ˽֪ѻʲôѡ
ץסȴֻбƵģſھҧ˳ϡ
΢΢üȴûзӦҧһ㣬ҲνˡָһϰͲ֪ȥˡ
ȴû⣬ƺܵϤԴƵģҧŵĵط䵽˶Էֱϡ
΢䣬ƺҲ뵽ʲô
ͻȻһֳסӣάȶ˹ӷ˫ֶæȴɳֱ֮ǰһأĳͱҲòûзʲô
ոѵ·Ȼںʱ˻ȥǵûдãôһ壬ֱɢ
˾ͱһһŵӱסˡ
üͷֱҲ֪ʶмѣмֺͿ˵ǳûռˡ
ѾڿҪҪˣ뵽˯е״̬Ӳܿأʱ򷢳κζпܣǱʶ֪Ҫְ
Լķ̣ɿסӵ֣ûǰǿаǿĳˣֱӳŵ󣬿ס˵
ԽԽʵ֪Լģû취ȥǱʶΨһĵˣ̫ˣһ־䣬ֻбܻһ㡣
ȵ֢״ȥʶҲ˵ʱ֪Լһ豧Ű󣬶Էȫûƿǿ϶ǳʣȴһʱû֣ǲɿǲɿΪԺھУûеں沿顣
ǳа岻ʼ仯ʱָ֪ˡ
ǲ
ƳһۣߣϢȻҪռˣʲôʱˣﾡЩûõĶɫ졣
ҲܹϾƽʱҲûκλ׽һʱôһᣬղǱɡ
ȵȣͻȻӦѵã飬Լʲô飡Լƾʲôռ˰
Ҫƿ辯棬ԼȻƿһ
ǻţǾ֣һǵͨ죬Ʈ
ɻĿ²ڵ֢״ȴԳ飬ϵҪ㿪ڻ̫ˡ
ͻȻ֨һΪĶˣ˲佩Ӳ
ͻȻʲô
¶ɻʲô
̫Сɻһ£Ҳֱ治﷢ģͼ¶˵ˡ
ûͣ٣˲һ
üǸգգۣĶˡ
ƺĶЩŤոձʱԼģɣ˵ᷢԳֱֱдš𶯣άš
пԡ
ܣд
ʹͷһҶ
ɻĿȻ֪ôˣһֱάŵƣĳŲס룬ͳոѣִĶ񣬾Ҫ¡
Ƶ˲䣬Ͷסˣ漴ŵĿ߳ŭĸоԣ鸴ӵһȭĳˡ
Ȼ棬Ӳˣ
ҪŭȴǿĲ
̧ۿ˲䣬ĿΪͣӺͶͷˣ۵׶ǺѪ˿ͷӦⲻ
㣬ͻȻԺոĶԻǴ¥ֿɵõѬӦһģո¶Ҳֻ֮ǰͱӰˣԲŻôҵķӦ
ǱĥҪˣڳֱдӰ죬޷ԿأҡºɱҲﲻסˡдҡʱдȥˡ
Ҫˣ֪Ϊʲôôȵᷢϣǲһ·УŮһ𣬱¶Ȼ˳
ΪʲôƫƫڻҵùѵΪڻңҪ˵ıʹҪըˣоϼԶȥˡ
ͻȻֱӸס塣
߼ѵľ۽ͼͷ˹ŵķ
˼ǡΪѾˣ
꣡
Ѿûж˼Ƕôε飬ֻϽԼûбǰ
֣档
ȷɵģԸ巴Ӧ
ܿ죬ĹŲͬڸոյʵڿƲסĺƵʣԼŪƵࡣ
Ȼһֱ棬ţ߾ҲģֻרעĽܹ
żһβĵͳƺСڹʲô᲻ԾĻһ£߲ɵıƣ۾Աߡ
µĶ޷ԣʶţѾܹ롣
ƣź΢΢ĵĲӣ°ͣ΢Ϣĺ촽ܿΪɿʶͼĺࡣ
֪Լջˣ̲ס棬ڵʲôı顣
ɫһ̧˲ӳ
ֻоһͣסˣһ˫۾ɵֱĿš
ֱ飬޷ݣֻһֳ嶯ҪǽüͷĽë尾ŵЩʲô
Ҳоˡ
ͻȻأüͷĸˡ
ûŲǽһս۵ףƺ֮ܿµĳ
ֱһüͷչ۾Ҫʱµջߡ
۾һֳۣûκ״ԾɿŹ⣬һȴ֪ǰ˻¶ɿصɢҰ޵ϢƺҪһҧסĲӡ
ֻˡ
Ϊ֪ԼôˣҲӰˣ㣬ڱҩԻһԶӰ첻ˡ
ͻȻһ͵ĵƺʹࡣ
ͷһգеϤĶٴֶ޵롢˵ŵ߱ȸոոܡڵ·Ǳīصĳˮͷȥ
ļͷͷصѹļͷϣƺҪ˵ֿʲô϶ϣնѾһƬ
ǽĲӣƺԿһһѪܣ鲻ɵʡ
ҵʪϢѾѳǰ·͸絽ϡ
Ϊԭ򣬳Żʧ⡣
ǶԣҵѾֻܿˣѾ룬ԱˬȴʹĸоţƺܵҪ飬˫Ųֻܶܽһȡ
߾˳Ĳҵ·˳űһֻּʶ̧Ҫȥʱ
ͻȻ洫
ˣȫˡ
Ȼ侪ѣ֪ʱ𱾹ȻѾˣ¶ȷȫ֮󣬼һֱûгѡ
ҪţͻȻٵľ𶯡
¶ס
ҲһЩ̧ͷ飬ӯˮ˫ȴֻ˳һ׺Ǳ
΢һԼոնɶֻһƮ
군ˣ
ûйֱӰѶŲñ˿ҲסƵһԡ
ŪˣٳƵ漴һ鼱ȥٶȹϡ
ڶڣᶼҪ޳ˡ
Ľʲô¶
ôһλأ¶ֻгȵ
ûнȽٳüͷ壬Щȣϻ裬Ͻȵ
Ŷû£ʱǰȫġ¶
˲裬ܣոոǵʲô㣿
ԡ㡣¶˵εŵʱ䲻ֻܶһӰѡǶԻ㷢˿¾Ѱһ㣬ҪġΪʲôûгˡ
ٶ֤ԼĲ²⣬һʼѯתԼעĶ仹ǲܿƵҪȥڵĶ


41 
۲һܣ¥ȻдˣΧѾ֣ʱ˻ٳȥ
λӴΣ߿ºѡ¶ڵ
лұָǻ취ջߣʱҲֻԭȴ
¶̲ס׷Ͼ֮ǰ֪˻ͬ顣ҾǣܸңǵǸֻҪҵ֣˵ǹټҵˣ
ȸңΪʲôôȴ취뿪ܳⷽƺϸȥٱ˵ūҲǶƿءһеġ
¶ƿԣȥô򵥣һҿţͻᱻץҪû֤ݣдҪ飬λǵĻأϾǶǼ
ﲻһЧİ취𣿡ѡЩ԰ǵˣ
¶ȴһȵ̧ͷ飬ӾȻµûķʽѡ˼װѡҪĿˡʵΪҵѡ͵ĿˣֻǮ֣˵԰æġǡ
¶뵽͸¶Ųʺͺ⣬ûһֵţǶѲǮȨɫԼ֪̽޷УֻոһôȥҲЩܰǵ֮ʿֵط
ͻȻЦһ⻰ì𣿡
¶һ㶣ͼһ˫۾ͬ·ܰ˿͸Ƶġ
ǰ˵ˣû֤ݣ˲ţɫܰˣЩǰϱû֤һĽ֣ìܡ
¶ɫ΢䣬㶡
ĹϵԿóܣ¹ټҵǰ飬֤ûκʵԵ֤Աץһĵطôû֤أõķӣ֤ݡ׵õոģķӲᶪ˻֪νأ
˵¶ɫѾ԰ˡ
ĹϵӦòǼ򵥵˺ͿܣҺͱڵʵУˣ棬޹ҪǣԸһ𣿡
¶촽۾ԹĿų飬ǹǣ𣿡
Ҹںߣ޹ǣ㻹˸ҪϢһôìܵϢ
ǰ¶΢üȻҼǳ黹ֱֱĿû˿
¶ҲǿǰĹǳɫǲ׶ݵ
ˣҲҪȴˣĿԽи
Ȼ¶ԥͿڵʵһר飬ǲΪȨΪǮҪ
ģǡδؿŰɡ¶ͻȻȻһЦǲ֪ǻʲôջ󡣹ӵֳӦףȥﲻײᱻµķӣһӣֵ֪Ǯ𣿡
һúѧʶú֪ܶ࣬ϱ˾Ϳū飬ȥˣҵĻŵʦүǵȵ¥ҵʱȴֻʬ塣ǸʦүʹǹԶȥ
˲ƿҪϢϣ
֪ӣͿԸǾ͵Ƕһ׬ǮͿ˵
ȷǷǳ˵Ķ
һʼ΢һҪԽͻ䣬ǶԽԽȤˡĴⶫҲ԰ܴæ
鲻ɵѹߣ֪ӶԶ˵
֪
ɣ֪ǳܰ㣬ҲǲӣʲôͼһҾûˡյ˵
¶ų顮ֱӣҲеŮķų˵Ҳеڿڵûϣֻǹδؿö
¶˵ţͱ˹ȥֱӵų棬ѵ£ֻŶǶ¶˽ױļϾȻһ仨
Ƕ޴Ļռ˴ӣΩΩФȷ˻ɫɡ
˿ֻڳУЩɻ滭ȴȫͬĶȵ֣
¶󾪣ӾȻ֪
˲ˣѾ壬ֵ֪˷ǳ٣صķʽ¼ҩʹǰҲδؿףѹô϶°ѱĽ϶
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漴¶˵ǵ
ʵԭͨ¥ֱЩͼһһǽõϣĿľΪ˲ֽƷӣ㱣ܣܿöֵֻ𱣬ǽ֮Ҫҩ֤ҲΪ
ÿп¶ʱǲŻԲ¶ǼʧЧ㣬Ҫʱ򣬾ͻѶӦŮӽȥҩҩһһȳϾҩӣƾͨ˵ļʮҩǲȫ¡
ķӣҲ޷飬ֱȫңڴܳôϸĹܿҲ⡣
Ǵһʼ֪Щ飬ԭǻΪʲô𱲻Ǳܣ̰ľΪУϱ𣿺ˣΪû˿öܵ˶ữ̰Ķħ
ʵǽΪⷽɥѾкüˣÿһ״һ鱳ƤЩ˿ӣֶ̫ӣ޷ֻܳѰЩöˣǲҪŮߣ̫鷳ҪЩӣƤͺˣһƤֵǧɱһࡢ¥Ůʲôأ
Ǳ˼֮˭ᣬټҵΪԼ̰Ҳ飬ôұ֤ԼٵǸ˲Լ֤ݣȴΪ֤ݱ֣ΪǻӣⱲӶɡǱϵĻԶˡ
¶˵֮󣬿ЦԹ˵ûҺìܣ֪˭Ϊǽö֪ǵƤֱĹԱҲᱻץɣʱζԸЩأĲǻ׵İϴĲҪ͵͵·Ӷ𣿡
ʵǼڴ¥ūνϾǴ󲿷ֽþȥҲ֪ôšֻҪϵļǲҹҹ֪ǵƤѪܵĺ󱳣̫ˡ¶˵ţ۾ͺˣ·˹ȥǵЩʻ״ж۰
¶ոռͳʱ򣬾ͲΪҲҷӵģԲŻôҪԸǡǾ֮
˵ĶԣʹǹټҲкܶ຦棬һǱ͵ѸܣЩֱ˿ĵطڲĺ棬ĻȳںڰĽ䣬ǿܻĲס˵
¶᳹ˣЦһԣӣ˵ܰﵽ𣿡
鹴һЦмƻѳɣȻԡ
¶һ㶣ȵĿܰجΣΪūΪ澣¶Իᱨġ
ֻҪٱʱ̵ǰƤ˾Ϳԣʵ
¶ȻҪֻ̫࣬Ҫȿɣǹܲţֻš
𽥱仯ڰǣ´ӴԺΪã¼ﺦˣ
¶һ¶ŵ۾һǰ˼İĸо⻹ǸոյĹ
¶˲һֱˣ˵ĸоӣ㡭
ôǵҪⱳĻƣҲǳΪ¥ˣ㣬Ҫ뿪ҲԣֻҪżҶԸһЩ˼ɣǶԿɲⱾЦЦָû棬ȴѾ¶ϵ˿ڡ
¶Ӧ͵ˡ
ļƻɱ𱣬¶Ļϰ彨ϵȡ֮ƭϰ壬£ϽͿԼõϰıӻҲ֪ݣϾھ˿϶ǷǸİѱúˣһơ
ϴǵܳԼܣҲΪ˷ֹڶ顯ĳ֣ϾھǿöֵҲмģһԼУ¶ҪʱͰæ档
ʱ䣬ӣ¶¥Ķ
¶͵Ŀų顣ӣôԡ
ǾǾҸõһ޳ľǣеãилرЩ鰸˸ãҲԣһҪ㵽Ļϰ˭һǹټҵأʱǹټڲܣжǵĵ¶ķ
ò˵¶ʧȻܵĸо鲻˵󻰣ΪǸֱʿֲرȴû뵽һлҪġ¶֪ⲻǴһһ΢һˡ
ֻҪ뱳Ļƣһз·Ҳֵõġ
¶Ѿڿˣ͵ߵо֪֣־ҪģܿǱ¶ץ顣
¶Ȼ֮ɫӣܡ
¶ҪӦͻȻǱߴŵ¶졣
ɫһ䣬ļ㣬οڵ״̬ô⡣
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ͻȻĹߴ̼ͬһĿԱߣڿһ˲䣬һԵĹâ
㶣ܿ¶һҪ޳ı飬Ȼ涪ϡȻ˳ϣһѱסײĳ˼סΡ
ң顭ҺܣҺܡ飬һа취ҿƲԼˣҡ


42 
ɳʹɤųĶĤԵС˫ֽı·ˮ˱ס˾ݣƺȫֻˡ
飬ء
ܵĿˣ۱пˮһ˳Ĳϣ·ҽ̵Ƥ
޷ݵܣ˫ر
ÿһܵڶôڳϡ
һ˲оԼĺӰƵģͻȻֱ֣Ӵ
廬䣬鱧˰죬˴ߣɺãٿɫһˣԾڳ鴤
龲վڴ߿һĨȥ۽ǲˮ
¶ǰõģ̹ȥͺˣ־ͦ˵ģոϾϣȻסӵˡһ˹ˡ
ûлش𣬶Ǹ¶Ҫˮ
¶ֵĿų飬ܸоӸո˳֮󣬳˵ķΧͬˡ
ոյĳһ뻢ıƤĸоƾһ֮ҪıǵˣƿغôΪԼãƺһôְڲˡ
ڵĳȴһֱܰƺ˼ʲôָֻ֮ǰӵļ
ӣո˵֮¡
¶Щż³鷴ڵʱͻȻٴδ
¶ɫһ鿴ȻĹٱΧ˴¥
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ǰճոյ˵ϵ֣һ֤ݣȻܽץҲɴ˱¶Σ֮Уһ뵽ǱƤĳɵļ
ӣ˵飬ҶӦ취ȾǣֻҪñ˶ǱܣʲôС¶Ͻ
ǳ黹ǳĬš
ãŹٱ¶ķ䣬ֻ¶ŵվһԣ
һأʵ
¶ȴֻҡͷҲ֪ոԼˡ
΢΢һ㶣е㲻ڵȣ溰һ
ʱԽѾŴةͳؾξʼץˡ
Ʊ磬˵ֻһĴߡϸ˵ࡢ¥ƵĶǸûнӴʲô
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¥еķ䶼Ҫ˺¥ڵĹȫڴһһ飬Ƿ֢״ǸϵԺȴһʡ
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ԽûйְȻö˵Ͱ̯λˣԼˡ
ҲΪλ˸ԽͻкÿζܰǼӹٽλŻţٲ׵飬ֻҪԽƶҲԸһ
Խ棬֪Լ뿪ˣԽɫ΢䣬û俴Լ˳ȥٵѰÿһ䣬ʼûҵˣԽţٻ
ʱ¶ȻѾˣֻһڴϡ
Խ򵥺˼һӦʳԭϵĳײˣƽȣӦòҪ
ôһ˶֡俪ʵ
Խ΢΢üϲŭʲôҪɡ

˵ţͻȻϵתѡ
ƣߵһ۾ͿԽͻ䣬˰죬Ż֮ǰʲô԰׵ɫΪ߳ܶǺȻ漣ĻָһЩѪɫ
Ȼе㲻ǻһȦȴûзʱͼˣ֮ǰƺ¶ȡ
ԭĵľ飬ڣǲѾ취¡ˣ
ұأżʵ
ҡͷʾ֪ȹһ˵ǽϳɹˣЩȣȻͿʼѯǽ֮ⷿ顣
żһߣһ߽֮ǰ顣
ʱȷ¶һ֪ĴڣԸԸվ֤ͺ˵ˡ
һžŵĴкͿǳֵ
üһǲçײˡ
Խб˵ǻĳ˲һʮŮһôˣôʱҲ˰
ʱɫ࣬۾͵ЦԽʱô׻ûˣҪֵġ
ŻĹĵӣԽ͵Ҳûյ顣ܲǻСװռ˱˲ǣ
ߣû֤ݣҿôаա
Խģû֤ݣǲ֤𣿷ǶǼˣʲô¾ͺá
侪㡭
˵ˣЩ˼ĿԽ
ҪͷһЩֲǹ٣Ū֤ݶѡԽЦøƵģȷδ汩սȺķ緶
ֱ̫˹Ҳȫվߡ
ԽͻȻָⲻһܺ𣿼ϣȫһ
üͷһһ˵ֻǺֻҪҵ
Цɣ뵱֤ˣһǣУδͬʱҲͻˣСģһó̫ѧȨԼϺδӵݣԺô񰡣ЩǾԲܹ·ġ
һʼԽӦҲĬԲŻѰ֤ݡ
ԽļЦԽ׽ǵÿӴô
һԽӦǲµЩʲôˣϾԽԭĵ趨пǽĴ
һʲôŻ뿪ģȥʲôˣԽҲ֪δЮֳ飬ʲôԽĿ෴飬Խܾͻ֡
ҪáԽڻǳˣĿǴ
˵Ŀȫ෴ġ
ͨһᣬڸϵˣҲΪԼġ˳·
Խǣһиõİ취˵˵ôα֤ݰɡҲţϾѾϳɹˣּⲻҪҲѡ
ǵȻ˵Ҳֻ²߶ѡԽЦе
̫ۡ廹УڸҪԽš
ûĵǴգֱȥæЩū֮ǰǶϵǸ
棬ͱ󺰵ԩöۣ˵ټƾ޾ݵץˡ
ʱһŵˣҲ֪Ǵ¥Ļϰֻֻǵάΰ˶Ҳ
Ĺôӣẕ̇忿һԵǽϣҪҳ飬ɨһȦﶼûӰʹϵͳԶˡ
ͿͨԺ߳һӰ
ǳ顣
ʲôˣ
ΪǵжԺܿͱץס
Խͻע⵽ˣ˵ǵͬ飬ŷſ˳顣
ԽɫѿƺʲôƵģЦòôԼһ˶£ոոȥˣ
һͿǿվڹսǴ˫ֱĶͺ񹷶ԼһӴĿתֻĳóе΢ɿһЩ
ûʲôҿ
ҶѾˣҲԽ۾飬ƺų˵Ļ
˵ţǱֵ߳ˣֱӺСҪԩ֮²Сһ˵Сվײԩԡ
ΧҲţϾǱƽ޹ʵץҲߡ˭ûء
ةҲŲסˣԽͻ¶ȵ
Խ°ͣԼα֤ݺ֮񣬿ǵʱȴֱֳӵסߣһ˫·͸Ԥı
ԽЦЦʵҲΪѵģҿΪ
Խ԰ꡣ黰䣬˻㱨ˣ¥¶档
¶һʼǸһںԺġ
лҪ˵ڴ̲סһ£룬ƺ־¶Ӧòұǣ㱳ѣЩҲδء
ֱ¶𽥸оԾ¶ʹ־ġ
ūҪ洺¥裬ΪҽƣȺʱµﶩᣬλΪ
˻һȫȻ𱵱ľԽǷܹȥõᣬȵĿšôҵģ
ϵķ䰵С¶˸
ˣ˵˵ʲôϣʲôʲôᣬҶ֪𱼸ǷԾ𣬳¶˹ȴһӰס
֮ǰ¶ȥΪֹȻһʱ̿˿ţ¶ʱȥҰ񣬶ԽѾѹǸ䣬ƾ̶Ҳİ¶ôҵǡԽ˲俴˳顣
ȴֻޱ飬ת뿪
ҲĿǰľʾ±ƣô򵥾ưˣ
¶˵ˣ˶֪ܸǣԺô͵Űɻ
ٴο飬ȴȻԼ߹ˡ
磬ô鵭ʵƺѾ޹ء
㡭Գ飬һʱĲ֪˵ʲô
ɫǺѿûжȹ𣿡üʵ
ĳƺڹֻһôûнķУ˿̵鲻̫ã˵еӣǾ֪
ҴùͷС֮ǰұƣֳ˺ܶЦҸǸѾŹˡ
ûж˵ʲôǰתһϣԶϷֻǽüͷûɿֻµĵѹԱߵСڻʱʱĶһ¡
ô£ûгɹŭ𣿻֮ǰԼΪ׶ĵ
ǽһûװ
ǰֳȻܾˣȴԼĶҪ˵һ֤ʲô
ʱ¶ֱӴ󵨵֤ݾϣ
һĲŵĿ¶ˣ֮ǰҵĽѵЩﶼѾȡˣһôָվˣǲ±Ƥ


43 
ɴ˫ۣĶ¶ϡǵ¶ĺýڴϵģǱͬе˷Ǳܣٽ˵ŮһֱڶѾͷǽȥʰʱȴֿͲˣֻڴϣ壬ƤŮӡ
¶ʱԴԼõʬ壬оܿҲñ֪Ǳˡ
𱲻ţ¶˵֤֤ݣֱ¶ѵԼµʱͷƤըˡ
˾ֲ֪ĿУ¶ֻһǶ¶һʢĽ޻ڴҵǰ
ڳӣԾǵһľٶ˱ܿǺ۵̰
ڸˣ¥ŮӣҲô󵨱ŵĵ·οЩ߰ĻҪ
ڰ֤øҿ鴹ƺѾɥʧ˶ԽȤ
ûף¶ڵⱳĻʧ֣¼ķӣֻҪ˭ϵ֣һ֪û˵ѣǴ¥Ƶģ֤ݡ
ڳ񶼲һˣǵһӦ¶û裬Ӧ˵ѣģ
˶Խ뿴ô˵Ͼʲôûп
ʱ˲ŷԽվǸǻţƶſ¶ıȥˡ
ȷ֡
ͼˣһ仨ʲô֣ĪΪǣ˰ɡ
Ų㣬˵Ķ𣿡ԽЦſ𱣬ͫײܿƵȻû뵽ôɣﾹȻʶ֡
ҡҲ֪Ӳֻдһ˵ô˵а
˲˼ҵĳ֮С
һ㶣תͷ飬㡭֪֮ǰͿˣһԵʱ㿴ģ
ͷͿɴ۾жǾ㵺Ͳתһ֪һڵʲôиӲˣƺһ˵ǣҿ
ԣǿˣôôұŮԻӣϲŮӣҾ㲻֪ʱ˻㱳кβסʲôʸңʲôʸΪ㡭
ͻȻ˫㶣ܴһ죬Щ˵ڲҲ𣿡
ôһˣһס˳ֱۣǰ£̤ǰһƵġ
Ȼǻɶǰ·һܿġƿҪɹˣ
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һ뵽Ϊء˲ˣ֮ǰصĸоˡֱ˦֣˵ʲô
ųı飬ôƿ˺ڰܵĴbossѾŴɱķĺڻ顣
Ĳʱ׼ϵͳףˣʵ֪δ߸ڰ·бȻմѪôѩޣôĺмϣӴԸΪ˱֪
ԭеΪǴЩĻϰ壬µϰ壬ֻҪԼı֮·һ·˳·ϻ꼰޹ϰգҲӶ
ȥΪΪϧԼ̫ԪȼѾˣԼ˵ĻԳôԸı
ҲԳŬһ£΢ıһͷǡǵöɵܸı䰡һڻңʸûУһСľͻ֮ǡ
ɼϮȫ۾еɬѵ壬һʧȥ˾ֻһطţɶҲˡ
ո׹ĳȻҲƼһӣŤͷȥٿ
ƫԶ壬Ѿ壬ûж֪ǵĻڸˣŵĻʵһ֣ԽѾ˵ˣ˭š
˲ŵͨô֣˵Цˡ
Լ֪𵱱˸һ֪֣ھпö˿ɲֹһԽ˵Ͱ¶·
Цô˵ЩŻƵĹ϶ķˣ
ԽҲ뵽ˣЦЦǵÿ֪˵žҪȥȺ
һ˲䣬¶ɵĽƮԶĳ飬ȴֻĲɣƮ
ԱߵȻѾµЩضеġֻе㲻ˣⶼعˣôƿذ
ܿԺӵԽ˻һۣתԺûһֳ˻ли㱨ĹԱ
ˣȺﲻ֪ô£ͻȻˮء
ʲôǻϽˣ
ҪȣͨĹ۾أǳҪǶ治ǡߺϾ¥ڵĹٱˮôһݣѾѲ״̬ˡ
ڸʲôةʺţǼҪǿϰ
ԽҲһͷˮֱ¶һһı飬ʱһֲ²ð˳
ͬʱһֱŹ۲ƵͻȻԺжһ
һǻеš֧񣺸á˼ʧܣ۳15㡣˻3㣬ע⣬ȣ5%
һŵĿԺеĽ档
ʧܣ
ֻʣ3㡣
⵽׷ʲô
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תͷ͵飬ѵոôΪҪʧˣ
ţͿŮǱı˴ǰԽɫ΢䣬ǰһһŮӵ·һǡ
ԭĵطھȻֻвĺۼЩۼ޷ƴճ֣𻵵鼮һ
ϴˣǸˮ⣡
ȻҲˣ׷˭ôģȺŮȴһҧǱٱŵԲСһһˮصġΪʲôҲ֪
⻰˵Ŷ֤Ϊ˱֤ݰ
ȻŮӸ¥Ĺ飬ǽѾԤϣе޷ˣֻʣ¶һˡ
Ҳˣ¶󣬴ͷβֻ˵Լ֤ݣû˵ҲǡԾ͸ץסѱˡһкõһ֪Ŀʲôȴоһֻεǰߡ
𱶼㲻Щڰ֤Ǳ˼ϾЩ¶ĻȻ¶վôܱ¶¶Ȼȥһ㶼ҪֻԼǲǰеìͷָԼ
𱲻ǣͿϵȷĳҩˮ¿ԿϴΪԷʱ֮裬𱻹ҩˮҪĶֱһ˸ϳרϴҩˮô֪ģ
ˣ˾ѯԽ⣬Խȷһֱ˰һĸоǶʧ󣬲֤ˣǰѶ
ԽĴة˵֤ݳѰҶֵ֤˶߰ɡ¶ҪѺԲ¡Ψһ֤ˡ
ةȻ֪ߵĹֻϵ飬¶֤˼֤ݣҪȷȫ
˿ظߣ֤ݣ֤ʣٽƱҲûˣֱӱѺߡ
һ־ʱ򵥵ĻھУȫ֪֮ϵľôߵһڳ󲿷ֵ뷨࣬ô´ž¶׼ԸðΪ֤˽ҷ˼ҶУͬнúǣУڱץǰϵ֤ݣһпȥÿ˰ԼĿ¡
Ϊ¶Ϊ鱻ع⣬Ҫʧˣ˵ԭûбİ취עҪʧˣԲ¶عģ
ķӶŮǵϣԭУӦܣʼӹܴ¥Ǳķȴֻ¶һˣӶѾ٣ƾһӣӦҲʲôˣο¶ع״̬˵ȫմȾˡ
Ѷϵͳʧˣ֮Ҫֲˡ
ϱ˼䣬ȷƻĴ㣬ǳʦδһ񫷢ɶûոɡȻعıֺʲô
ǻʧˡ
ͻȻеЦѵҪԼ֣ǹ⻷ҲпʧЧϾһε¼ԭǰ̫࣬Խͻ仹վһߵģһʱƿزסҲ
Ȼſ۵ĵЦȴʵһ
أǱԽѾ˹ͻæˣʣµĲǹܣԾʹͥ¥
ʵǿԼȥȻ岻ʣ鲻
ûϵǻкܶ໰ûءԽ˵žͿ˳顣
ϡͿų׼ʱ򣬾ͿԱߵĹٱ¶
¶Ҳע⵽ͻȻķ΢΢һЦЦʮϣ֮ǰȫһ
Ȼ֪˭תͷ顣Ȼɫ̫ÿ¶ⲽܲİɣԷЦµûˡ
ݳ
¶ոл𣿡Խ³ͻȻֱʳ顣
̧ͷлʲô
ҲֵĿԽлʲô
Խ۾ų飬Ҳǹ٣㲻ңֻ֪У㾿˶٣档
ȴԽ˵ʲô
ϵֶ¶ӦڽӴǵʱ͸㿴ˣ֪ķӣҲ֪ŮӱСԽԹԵĲ²š
ȴɫԽ²⡣ȴЩ棬ҲҪ֪Ƕôʧܵġ
¶յı֣֤ҪƿҲһˣһֱηʲôͻȻת䣬һΪıߣеȥһѡ
ȥʱֹֻڣȴӰҲ²¿ʱ㶼ȥʲô᣿רϴҩˮ
Խ˻һһʱԺѾ͵Ĳ²⿪ʼҡҡ׹кܶطˡ


44 
¥ʱҾм¥йصŮӱƤ᲻Ǵ¥ŮһʼֱԵԭأץǰҪ跨ϴԽһһ䣬ģȴѾԼеɻȫ
ɫ䣬ȴѾ͸߰˷ˡ
Խ¶ϲõ飬ƺǷޱȺ顣
Цеǲ¶γӣ֪࣬㣬Ǹͽᴳܷ䣬ҵϴҩˮȻ͵͵ҩˮŪˮУ¶֪˱ץ֮ǰһҪˮأϴȥܰԼժɾΪǱķӶΣա
¶ϴΪ˵֤ǵΪֻʣһ֤ˣⱳʲôҪݣ߶Ψһ֤˿ܺãҲ˵¶Ǿ԰ȫġ
ԽĻո˵꣬ᶼ˰
ŵĿų飬ʲôԺйѾױ
Բùʧˣ
ԼԼֶΣ
Ҫﺦˣ
޴ϢһӳĴԣֱĶųĲ޷Ӧ
ֱЦһԽ±Ĳ
Խȴŭ˵ҪұĹҪ㣬һҪ㹻Ҫ֪ҵҩˮɶǼ򵥵飬ôٵҵȻ¶ṩϢæ϶ԼĴǲСڶҪ̰ģһĵطǶķӣһֵǮôж󣬾ȻľôˣԼҪ
Խų𽥱仯Ц㲻֣¶ȻҳͷǵİҲпܵ鲻ȥԴΪвǱ߻ôֻܵõһЦݶѡϧ𣿳ҡû㣬ҲôңҲù¡
԰ģԽ˵ȫԽеģܻа취ûôǰ¶عˣҪá˵ĺ·ҲԼġ
Խɲ˵ͻȻֵӴ壬ȫǵ֮ģҲȷЩȫ˺£Ը˵ҲԸϵġ
ȴɫѿ
ʱٱѾҪˣ¶ҪӦҪľʱԽǺߣס¥ȥˣٰռƻ֣һˮɣʮķӺʹ¥Ҫ
ǿŴʱȻֱӾ¶һ䣬ƽʱһ˻ȥĵط
ҲЩԤеĶǾүҵ˼ƻҪĶȲѸı⣬¶֮ǰǲѣǡ֮ʿԸ޳æ
̣鼸ҧɵģͣԼΪʲôֱصվڹսҡҡ׹ĴѰȥһܴһһϣ˶һȦ
ˣԼﲻɿأһԼĺãױƵ˹ǽƹˤױ˶ϣİ취ԸˣֶȻӦôӴܳʧ
˵ִ£ǴϺڱԽô͸Ӻڵ嶯֮µľˡ
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Խ˼ǳѾˣ
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ԽЦЦ޵˳飬ҷˣ֣ûֹӵġ
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ڵûо˰ɡ
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ԽЦӦ£ѪСһԭҲôöԸİ
˰໹һ㶼û׳ԽԼʮŵģ˼Ҳ͸¶ԼҲǿֻǶԳԽԽȤˡôʱڲô࣬һôûõɲһܰ쵽ġ
ֶһˡ
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Цһ·пôԸģʵôѡˣ񣿵ǰɡ
֪ʲôҲȷɣǮ𣿡
ոոԽ˵ϻļ۸̫ˣΪںû˱ҸǮˣҶһΣⶼˣĸôǮѲҪҵңҲᱻ׷ֵİɣ˵СĿųҵǸõģ±ټҵ˵ỵҵ
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üԽʾľ˼
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Գ͵һеԴͷԼ
ͨеĹؼ֪ͻһǲˡ
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ڡΪûȫڻԻԲҲ˵ܿܼѡæ¶һˡ
ܡԽող²ĶȥҩˮΪ˰¶Ϊ¶㣬ų֡
¶¶ô۾ˣڸ
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鷳
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۾ע£ԴͻȻе㲻ܿƣҲ֪Լ˵ʲôˡ
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ܹĿ֮˵ﺦˣָоǱȽϳɹҪġ
»и鷳Ҳѹס˿̸˵顣
飬ĺܺãǸˣǸˡǰ㣡һ˾ưˡ


45 
ͻȻеһҲǳ֮л˴ԡ
ո̫˵ʲô񡭡˵Ұˣ
һֵ֮˿ЦûģǰʿҲ˵СãҰˣ
ǰȻǸӺԼ衯Ķ󰡡
Żе˽ӲԽƿ飬̫ˣǾĺܰڱ㣬ûб˼ᰡ
ǱΪ١
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ΪɶоԽԽˣҿˡ
ʲôոձ˵̫ˣû壬˵Ǻˡƽȴ
ԶԶԣЩ޹ŮӣǺˣңǴˡ
ͷֻܿ˳Ľëͬһס顣
û֪ġΪΪάֱгҲװ֪ġҹŴ鶼ǱȽϺģ˵һҲ٣˵û
Լ׼ˣ׼㱧ڻӲأοڹеУֱ飬ڻûŪĸоԼˡ
ϽתƻΪðգҹѣ鷳պʲôѴܿڣһΪϹѣ
̧ͷ֮ǰ࣬պҪæһġ
ĵͷһ֮󣬾ЩվסˣոԽϻָһЩڹĹˡ
ͿڵȥϢȥ˳ź빫ӣʱҲˡ
ԣûȥˡͬһ˵ܻȥϢԶ׼ͣ˼ˡ
ϡͻȻڵ
˲ôһˣˣιǼҩɡ
ţͷƭһ¾ˡЦ˵
ʵе㲻ʹ죬ȻǮ˰£վ㺦뱨ȥȻҪҲҪԷ۲УûˣԼټıǸõķѵѾ׼һˡˣͷŹϣҪĳˡ
ϣųȥ¡
ȥҵľϣϼǰԼˣϽҩЦеҩ˻˯һɵٳԡ
ϾöԷҲûбҪˣԾˣй깫ǱϢҩȷܿ˯ȥ
ȷ֮󣬾ͷ˴ӻͳһѬ㶪¯Уŵ˴ڣ͸ÿζһĴʻζ棬һЩҲӲ䡣
סӣ̻˳䣬ϴš
ﺦˣﱨȥܹʲôԷôܲʹأʹĿùô׷Źֵˡ
ҩҩļһܷҲܷŹŶԡ
ȼյǳڴ¥ҵԭ֮ǰǼǸ񫷢ļһõģ;⣬Ǽһʳֱε𱷿䣬ٱʱԼȥЩѬ㣬Ƽð˳һ顣֪һľãرȻȽ񫷢ţ֪ûб¸һ
֮󣬳ȥҺ˳ˡ
˳źҼ鶼һֵģҺûпڵı飬һĲҲ̶ãԼˣøǣ׽ڴƵġ
ֱȥ˯һȫ˵ӣϸţźˮζĻ˵ζʱͼˡ
үүʲô
ǰɣѵ
˵һӾͰˡ
ǡ˰߰ɣҶˡ
еʲô״̬ûʲô⵽ûа
Һ˳Ŷоͷˡ˵ǲԸģųǸСһˡ
漴ҽԼˣ˺˳żݳ˾Ҫ깫׷˳Ǽߵô磬ΪʲôģһЩʾǸ⡣ò˵ͥ¥»Ǻܵλġ
ʻڣΪˣ϶޷ˣֻܿһԣ˯ʵûסͷһᣬֱӾ˯ȥˡ
֮ǰС˯һʱǾˣͥ¥Ķ˿ЦʲôûԼղصĺá
ԭĿ񲻴ĳ⻰ɵ۾
ҼʱȤЦҪҪѧһѧ˵žͰݹȥ
ûж룬ֻ˳һһʱͱ滭ŵӵƸֱ˦˳ȥ
Ц
ʵǵʵͶȻһЩŮͼҲ֪֮£ǴδĿеͼֱ̫ۣһӰĵĹǺ
ôֱеıֻͦģΪѾǷ˼ءѹײصĿɱ
ƤѾ鴤ˣϱۣҡ
һûȤ˯ˣȵлһ۾ÿڳļϺ˯֮ǰǿһߵ
գգۣͼȻȻת۾ԺŴ
ɽ·ϣƺע⵽ʱʱ򣬾ѯôˣֻû¡
ǲǱ˯ʱѹ
Ҹܸо˵ĹϵԽ΢ˡ֮ļúճ飬Ͳ˯ڳԺˡ龹ȻҲһϰΪӣ̫ѧй֮䲻岻ĴҲͷ֪˭ȥġ
պ
һϢһ߶飬ѾȫָƺҲָֻͬȴԽˣϾһֱ۾ǸոձĴӡ
һգǵƽ̾ͱȥæ֣ܶԹ󾩳˱ǣУΪ¹͵ȫ޷飬ʹҲ˱ıˣŭѾץ˲ˡ
Խͻ丨¡ʵԽȫȨЩҲõõչˣ¶İȫǵõ˱֤
ȶѾ֮ǰҪİϢˡ
ĽǺͲѾȫУҲһֱڵȻᡣ
һţ밲ϺȫȥΪӦѾӦˣջŴ¡
ΣϺүСǶ׷׼뿪ûеǶߡ
ޱΪͷ磬أ
ߵʱ򣬼ȥˡ
飬ȥɡճ飬ȥҲӦʽϣҲڳ
ǡֲɡĵ˵
ͱһ𡣡Ҳ˵
ޱɫ˲ѿ
̫ѧĴţܵõɫ̫ãǱȢؼҶƫƫǱܣ̫ˣǶеŮеĶྪ޲Żı绹İأôһʱдģԼıѾø˾б
ȻûãͿڳߣ˵ЦĹ
ˣ߰ɡܵöǲԶ̬ȣֻԳʱǲһ׽
ɫ죬׷ϳ
ޱ󻹵һۣʲôҪűһȥǴ˽¡
źۼɨޱһۣø͵һղ𣿡
ֲ㣬̫ѧԶô󰡣ôϢޱ˵ȻǱܿͳݣֻܿ飬ԱҪϧӡ
ô֪Ųܱôô˵أǺƤһؼôڿֻˣ㰡뿪һ춼Ҫڹϵֺˣ϶ܷÿһĴ򿨹ֱ֮ǰճų顣
ޱѵĿǣֱӴߴų
óԵĵģÿ鼮ǰͣˡ
üͷ忴ʵʹȥһˣȥһ²õ壬ͱϣܾԶԷ񣬳ٴûޣѵ֪ǵĴе𣿶֪ӣ
ǿŶԷʲôöԼǰͣһֺģҲ˵ʲôˡ
нһ·ʱڿʵδ㣿
֪˵ʲôҪңȻҲŹǡıӣǹϺˡ
ӾͳɡҪһˡ
Ҫȥãһˡ
εӦҪ˼ʱ
һ֪ͨҡϽ
Ǿе̫ճԼˣԼҲ̫ˣʲôȻӦñ־ġţѾһ쵽ٻظľһղҲ


46 
ϵﰲϺʱ򣬶ӭӣϸ˿ɫȻǲ̫
ĺӶòĴкҲǰֻޱһ˵ӣǰ͵ڼҵңˣ̫ѧܾί
Ȼ֪ƢԣҲƽϣǶǰС⻰˵ĲԣСΪ²ܾίС㻹Ҫԡ
ǼССЩ֣ޱŴҲͲһˣԹԵ˽ȥ
㡣
㡣
¶οЦݣһ·࣬Ѿ׼ˣ͵ˡ
пΪѴ㣿ǰ͵
ЦЦ˵Ķ˵ˣʲôΪѵġ
˵ɲţֱӿ֡
ֱӵּҼ幫ˡ
ɫ˱䣬˵ˣ
ûûãС֮ǰֻǼͻȥˡūֻżλݲơֻ㱨Ѿϰ߰ˡ
ݼ䣬Ϻּҵ峤ּҵһֻǼ˿ʢ֧Ѿ㣬׵ʱǾˣǷԴ޸ӦҵһϾʱĴǼлΪ̫ģںܸоʲô¡
Ҫǰȥͱĳһ¡
ɻĿѵǼλ幫һһֱܡ
һ漴мĶųЦЦ
ݳɫ֮ǰ϶Ƕ԰Ϻϸĵ飬ǲԼ¶ķհ֪鱨
ϴŵĸоá
ȷһҪ鱨
׼̤͸ڶܵһ
̧ͷȥڰϺߵ׷Բԣͷβͷʮ㡣
Ϻ׼ţʽǰȻ֮ĺѡ
幫ѯʺǵĿҵͳͣһΣһǴҽЩĹʶȻճϺδǰ;ּҲģʱȡּŮӣȻ൱׸ˡ幫صעġ
ȻͿʼռŵӵͷ㲻㣬Ҳֵܱ̫ּҵ档
ΪֳӦΪܵõİúö飬պ֡
ԭֵͷ
һЦλ幫ѵǡ
һСõܴҪڳǰ֣ҲֲƣֱӲʵøֺܺãƽǶһֱ佱˵øǼѧӡǰϺĺʵǴģֻҪѧѧá
˻һ˸Ͻźӣһۡ
ϺοЩн
㲻ʲôֻǰ̰棬רĶˡôһ˵֤ǰֻǲùĴ
Ҳûн󰡡ޱ̲ס߶
̲סʾޱһۣϴȥ̫ѧʱҲƽ̿˵ùѧҲܿ졣
ôһ˵Ȼ˼ֻ֣ле㲻ͻȻתԡ
ˣ̲ס͵͵ԼĶӣɫѿҲ֪˼֣ѧĸıˣɲʲôϢ
ϲԣֱЦ˵ǿǺã֮ǰ̫ѧʱ򣬱Լ飬Ҫ໨ʱֳڿҰײˡ
Ҫͬĵܸܵĳ̶ˣٽҲﲻǰŵĳ̶ȰɡȻֻǰ佱Ļǰο֮԰ˡ
粻ıæȻԽͻȻһаӿ˵·Ǽʱ翪СƵġ
˻һҲ˵ϺͰϺɫͱˣȻϴͻȻѲûгʲô⣬ǵ׻һɻӡټЩʱգʱʱĶһ죬ǱĬӰšǵ׻ǻ˼
̫ѧǱԶǵƿ֮⣬᲻ᷢǲأ
ͱĻøλڼһ֧͸оһ뵽ԣóߣһҪʵӣڰ飿ûеʲôɣʲôί˵ĸ
ޱ˾Ȳĸ״Ͽεʱ򣬶һпжǲűģصԺͲ֪ôˡϴϢű棬յһˮŪԼ˺˺ü졣
ޱ˵;ĿһۣԼ̫񻰣һЩԵľٶԼ˵ãóʶ⣬ǳֹܱͿʲô¡̫ѧɽٶһˡ
ޱôһ˵Ϻü׷񣬡飿ԺʱҲ飿
ףһأֱҡ̲סڵ
ҿ˿ʵһֱİӰԲûսһǹ͵ˣôУֱӵǡȥܵԺҹ̸ͬԺ칫²ڣԳֱϨƣŻȥԼԺᡣ
Ϻɫˡ
״Ԫ֮ŵģ֡ͼˡ
Ȼû˵Ǹ㣬ȻҲʼǲǿĵطԳħצ²òͷȱǼֱ鷢̫ѧ֣ǶˡպǰϺкھ㣿
϶ľˣȺҪҪôԣ˭֪Ϊ˹ǶôŬ²ܴ򿨣ԽǸȱÿһıġ
ôˣαػҪ¶
ôȻҪȻҶѧϰѵһõҲûɵԶɡ̵飬Ըæѵܹĺ£ôñأ
ȴҲ˵ڶѧǿʶˡ˵úö飬㣬Ͳȥ̫ѧˡ
ϴһֱƽһס
ö˶˵ľͱһըĸоϵƫһµ֪һ嶼뵽Ϊ˱Ϊѵӡ
ĸףʹá˼ʵһȰ˵
幫㲻״Ҳòʡ
ϺĬʵԼĸ뵽һȥˣľ׻ǻƣ˵ȥҲû͡
ޱˣֻ֣Ҫѧãɲֳ
Ҳ¶ɫĸнѧҵҲûб󣬴ҹͬͦõģ
ôˣǽܾ֪໥ţһĶɳʲô£
˲ɫѿ
óĸϣôҲΪ˰Ϻδ룬õʱķʲô飬ԼԣһأҲˣƣ鲻ͱģڸǱۣϽǰֱ档
Ͽǰ۸飬ͷΣ䱾۸˻ǰ׽һǿȳģ鶨ȻΪ˰ȶնίԼϾǻ״ĺӡڸᣬһԼίɾ
ú˵£ĸھ׵ˣһΪλ幫Ҳǿĸ׳ģҲƫ̻㾡˵һΪһߵ
˵ĶˣȴĵĹǣһ˵ġ
ţΪѿڵ⡭ĸ˵ĻǱףҲֵܣӦõģ˵أҲǡܼҪرҵչˣϱһҲҵҡ
ⲻǿԴǵ˵
ΧҲӳǿ˵ʵǲģǰڰϺû취ǿɫ¡
ǽӲˣ˵õֵأô˵ǹϵжãһѧϰж
ˣҲֻõ룬˵ûеѹĳ̶ȡ
ЩԹĿų飬ֻǺ޸ɨһۣʵҲǿ̵ĹҲǸҸϰˣҡΪлһһԺᣬҿԸԺвһԺᣬҶ档
ǱֳһǿæԼҲ̫̬ȣ漴ֱʾȻǱǿҲһЩôˡһ˵˲ѧ¸ѧæεĸо
̬ȣϸһӾͷڳ˲õһ档
ѳĵܲͻȻʿղ̣ΪͶݣǳ˵ֻҪûб̫ѹҲʱһ̡
ͳΪȫķΧڣ°ϺǷ˵Ҫѧˡ
Ծɺɣٴʵ𣿡
鵹һɻı֣ǰ֮ǰƽҲʹң˵ôǲ飬Ҳ˵ƽ̻ͬܺã֮ͬϵĵ䷶
ôһ˵ڳһЩɫ˼¡
ô˵ƽľˣ
Ҳͬ˳飿
Ƕ洦ƽѧ϶ǲԸ˴źѧӵǰ̵ġ
ԡ
˵ɫ˻ֻͣе裬ϾеԭΪվһߣֳһָоȴֻһݼįܸ߳С
˿ɫãΪոյģϿ϶ǲͷģϺѵ佱䣬Ҳһ£˵ܴ֡
Ӧ¡
鵹Ǹûһ߻Լλãֻȴɨ˿ﲻסЦ


47 
ոն׼ôǣˮá
Ͼ黹ûͷһ⣬ܾˣԾҪڳǰȺݺݲһţ֣ȻеʱðգҲǼˣǡĸڣһʡ
ֻҪոճάһ£ͻ˾Ѿһˣ鳤ѹҲ˹ϵתô죬һỳԭΪû֤ݣҲϴˡ
֮ǰ̽һΣʱά뵽˽УҺǴĿõġ
ֻû뵽ոճҲ֪ôͻȻ͸װĺϵһӣ̬յ˵Ƕ˺ڣǿ˵ֳˡ
ģָӹһ١
̧ĿȴͻȻһɿıߣ̧ͷȥһӾײԨһĺУŵһŷֿľȻǳ顣
˫ڰ׷ķ̫ѧŮӶ˵Ǻˮһ峺ڿȴɷĺˮ
Ƿ·͸һеɫһףǺܿ߾ʧˡ
ԺðһЦ뷨顭ܲǲµԤıŹض·ɡ
Ȼһ𣬵ºһ̧۾ͿԶԴë´űǣƺ鲻̫á
ʱ۷ŹĿͺվȻҡźƵģȻһ۾Ϳ͸뷨ϣԥվһߣ˵
ǡҲô
˵һĬûУȻ̫ˡ
ڿƲ֡鲻ɵĻع˸ոȫ֣ǲ뵽õĽ취
ϢģǱȴԽޣôΧ˶ǰϺĿ޸λ幫ڣǸомֵĵλûгԺ¾Ͳ֧Ϊˡ
н룬̲סڵ֪ϽǺ£˵ҲлءǶڸв֪̫ѧǱߵⶼʣʱˣƽǱûʲô˵
˵гɵ¶֮ɫǿˣޣ֮ͬҲоϵġ
Ц˵ƽûʲô˵ҿǱƺѾĬƵģ綼ܹעصѡһǵעأ
λ幫һ𣿡
ĵͷ¶Ҳ˵һһעţȻȫѺ˳ˡò԰˰ԼǴ˿ʲô񷢲ʱҲ޷ȥ
׹ǱʵҲǽġ
ȻŬĽˣԾǷǳΣյıԵСĺʷ࣬кֱܶй۲ãһ뵽ڵĵȫûиԣˡ
ƫƫʱ˻ϽͣûᵽǱֲ𣿡
ǽˣҲϲ֮ǰµĲ֣ͱҲҴƱοǶءѾˡޱҪΪ֮ǰǸȴ˿ˡ
漴⣬Ŭ˵أûµʱҲֵһѡ
⻰˶ͨǶԵ˶ȴôôԾˡ͸оԼһֱţô꣬糬
̫ϤˣоԼ屾ܶҪվˡ
ݹƬμ䣬ĿԭǴȫ˵С
ÿÿ˵һЩǶǵĻһЩģɵ鶼׾ٵļŭԭԭŰһϺͺүǰһޣ˲ŶԷֺԼ𷣰ķȻԽá
һһ˵ĵĻ
ᰴ˰ǣȴתֱĶԼе⣬Ѿýе׼ˡ
ֻ֪Ҫ˵һЩʾĻǸûӵıضŭ㲻ûҪֵԽүԽ񡣵ˣѾıˡ
ŵţȴ΢΢üôҿ˵ʲô𣿡
սɣǴֱӼ޻ˡ
ȥ̫࣬һ˵ϺͰϺܵΪҪ£ǲ񣬹ȻϤ
ϺȻҲֱѵ⣬ڴʱɻףһʡýλ幫ĸڣҾͿһˡ
ͻȻʣʱһ㶣ͳоĲˡ
ǲ̫ó飬ǰãҼǵòϹһΣڹض֣ᵽ˼йδҵŷͼҽ̡
Ϻɻüö˶˵˵Щʲô
һתѲҪ˵ʲôб𣬽ʥϿɲЩҶлΪӰġһϣѵܹûа˼ݰ˽⣬ҲֻԿˡ
Ȼһ˵ϺɫͲÿˡ
ĸ϶ʱõķһ쵽²ɣŴѹֵܣ͡
ĸҵĻû˵أʲôʱҪ˵ˣ˵𣿡
һĪŪҭһ£ȷûпڡ
㵽Ҫ˵ʲôϺ
Ҳһ̽뿴˵һʲô
ȴֱָ
ңйأûһҿԸ˼һͬʳӦһվźĸ͸ףοǼгõʱ򡣿ȴͷһϯ䣬ҪǸ˿ȥΪǺĺѾأ
ûȥأҪǼɻ˼ң͵Ű
˵Ѿԭư飬̵ġǲˣǸϴˣҼǵûдʲôͬǹʳֻǴ⣬һʣףˣ
£ȴͬƽһףʱ˶Ϣ
ЦСүôС˵Ҳǰ׿ģССլѡڳһɫȴû˸ҿڣ֪ԼӮˡ
ҲһģһӦվĶŰϺ˵ĴԽ
磬֮ǰǲһֱôԵ𣿡״̲סˡ
ǲó飬ǰòŰѲĿȥдһʣһֱ̫ѧĿֱָӰ֪ЩôҲһֱûᡣ
ʱòᣬ֮ǰĻ
ϺҲӦĿһۣ˵ĻԾ̫Ű裬ǵд˵ҲǴ׵
ˣ¶ϰ˶ѣպ˱ǣǿˣ쳤ǶڣʲôӡϷҲǣ鲻˽¸㸸˵𣿡
ֻͻȻˡЦ˵ѾʼṥƵγԱȡѾǰˡ
֪޷粵ģȷؾżܶӭӿˣҲ˼ݡƽʱҲˣҪѱҲûءλ幫ƫһҲù˵
ҧүһֱûаæ˵ԺҪһֱԱźˣòײġ
ˡĸ׿ޣҲ̲ס۰Ͱ͵Ŀףϣ˵һ乫
һֱĿɿڴŵޱһ˲ʮ㣬͵磬ûģƽʱչһѾˣ㵽ոջô㣬ҶԼһԷѣҪ˵𣿡
άԼˡ
ޱޱ죡ʵ棬ҲĸײִһŮԶ˵ġ
һֱľչޱѾͷû뵽˿޵滨꣬ԼίƵģվסϺϿϺҲҪ
ʼ磬һ޹˺޵ı飬ҵ˵ʲôˣˣһޣ׾ͻң϶Ҵ£ðɣȻҶģ͵û˵ˡ
˿Ϸû꾹ȻȰһϺȻˣʱͲˣϹ˵ʲôأ
ͷϰˣǷʲô
ϺͻȻįı飬ת˲ţȴڰϺϴһ£ѵĳΪҵͷճҪǴȥôʲôӣ
ȿȣû˵ʲôָˣȻûʲôɷġϺ
ʱڳŤתЦ˵еүĹ
һ֮ս˸һվԿǳԣŻȴֻܺ۾æ˸ա
Ժ˭˹
һٷ꣬͸ϽȥĸˣĸǱ˵Ӣ¼һμĸЦüۡ
糾ͣϽȥϢˣϾڶջеæôСҲˡ
ѯһ¾ˣ˵һӦ˵ģǲʲô谭ˡ
ޱĸ״һף뻹ǾӦȰѴ鳹׽˵¶Ԥһܳɣʱٺúýѵĸοޱܸоỵ£ٿΪ
ĸ׻صԺӣȴ˳ſţһˣ͸Ͻǰϲүүˡ֮ǰūүǰ˵ĻΪ㲻ãһ㣬˵ע鼮ģȻүġ
¶ΣҲԼǰʱеСˣϾǵĿ϶ȫ棬ô϶ɵģǵĹϵĸ˾ͺá
飬˳鷿һţһ磬紵꾲Ӱ֣¹ˣӳյǽҲһļӰ


48 
ܿ죬ǰԽӲ㻹ҪվǱ߿ã
عŷӦԼάſŵƾȻһֱĲӰ˰졣
һΣող֪ΪʲôһĻĹͼͺ뻭ѧëˮīҲĵãԾ̲סһ˲ͿʼΣԺдݸ塣
Բſˣⴿ׷Ľǿ̫ÿɫǰĵˡ
ϾԼһ˰ţֱ죬Ҫˡ
εĽ͵ҸոͻȻһ飬ˣң
Ȼ׾ӵĽڣǵС˼ù
飬˳˵һ£ոǰҹô˵ʵΪˡ򵥽һԭ
Ȼ򣬰ЦȻҵʱû֪ͨ϶ɣһ㶼ģҲ͡
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Цòã˿ѵӦûķʽ㣬ճΪֹҪעһµġ
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ɴ۾˫ĿԲȻС¹һ㡣
Դ·һ˲Ͻķվá
Բ𣬱ܣûעûɡ
ȴЩ㶵롭빬𣿡
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ȴΪ˷Զֱӱ¶Ҫ֮λܼ򵥣С
ǳ˳飬кܶȥɣѻʹ˵ôΣգԼҲ־Ҫȥ𣿾ôҸһ𣿷Ҳһָͬһӣұ֤ᷳˣһȥ˻иӦ𣿡
ɫЩѿ˵ʵסʱѾ֪ԭˡ
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ѾҪԶһ㣬δԼˣǲԺ¹ϵڹõѡ
һ񣬳ûֱӲף磬ûʲô˵Ҿˡ
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һƿţͿޱŭҪȴ˳š
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ޱȴһݵƿ˳ų嵽ǰŭָո磬㡭̫Ҫˣǲǿˣ
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ʱޱɵˣҡҡǹģҿ񡭡ŵޱȻڳ˲涼ˣȵǸԺͿˣĪ֡
ڼңֻǣû¡պÿҪעӿڳĵ˵Ŀ֮ԣױ˼룬˺֮˵Ϊá¸ǡ
ĿɿڴĿųžһ֮󼱴Ҵҵ뿪ʱеǣѵոԼ뷨ôų𣿻ô
ͷ⡭Ҳû취Ҫ򿨰йҲ̫˰ɡ
ֶ磬ұ˵һͨպôҰޱȻԳûʲôرĸ飬ǵһͲŻ˫ˣǸŮӶܲ˵Ĵ
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ޱȴһˣ£ȥðɣոո˽дȥã˵λ幫ҲڣѾȥˣ֪ͨһ˵Ҫ¡
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̲סʲô֪;úúõģĺãɵ˵ǷʲôӦҵģʱίܽܣôΪСֺأ
ǡΪʲôޱ˵һ㶡
ĿޱΪеŮȻϢô
֪ˡ뻹ǿһ䣬ֵĻһ¾ֱңǰ¹䡣֤ޱҲĹԼĽġ
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͵ôˣ
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ҲẦң
㣬һһ죬˳ͻҪңǰңǰǣ
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ޱ㶵ĿѹֵŪ˵ˡ
ЩʧŲţڸ㣬һ˶Ƕ⣬ѾֺǺüˣ㻹ЩѪףټסһ㣬Ƕθǵǹʹƫ̫ܾͻزˡ
˵תߡʵ֪ܹޱϾڸγǷǹǼ꣬ĸ״ûտˣϴˣҲܹѪ׵ĺ
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49 
˻һֱ͸һڵƵģʱ䶼
ӲקڻУʵվţͬɽһ
ǰּҳڵĻԼλͷȫ׵幫͸װϺڲߵϣվڰϺߣԱվĶ֡
𾪵Ŀ
ôһŮӱ۸һŭѹѹסˡ
ģڡ
ȴҡͷһίʵӣ⵽ô£
ɻ󣬾ԱߴŮ㡭ôô˵ð
ۿȥ½½
ϺҲɫ࣬Ϊѧãһַ룬ŭ˵ʲôأ
ôôԳ˵ǺȰ˵ͬ˼Ƕ磿ףǺֵѵֻŮͲˣԲſһ̣Ϊ㾭ʲôǶˣǻǳ˾ݲӦ˵е֪˶˵ֻƺˣвϵĳ˴̹ȥĿѡ
үүҪԩΪã˵ʲô޵Ŀ캰أ·ԩ
߰ϺѾȥˣˣҹ£ǰ㵨˷
ףҷˣҿԹ򣬵ǳ㵽ʲô˶Դ濴أҾͲûһˣ
ʱһֱޱ̲ס˽ͺ磬ոҲˣҲϣ㻹ֵøȻܷ𣿡ޱˣоȥ϶ҪԸϽҪ͡
ĥڶѪˣ򵥵һ飬ǰŵĺúõģͷԼﵱʺ
Խ˵Խ񻰣ҿǼղ㣬㶼֪ԼʲôˣϺҪ˼ʵš
ǰϺֻǻӵǰʱͦһϺӲͣ¡
ŮĴϢŭ
Ҳǰүүոչ֪ǰ£ΪάŻ˼ү½⡣
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ֵʵ鱾ӦҴӦõģǲ黹Сļױ
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游үϥŮСүԼСХ
Сү磬һı硣
˫ȫ࿡ݣСǸ죬ԲȻͻ㺣˶ǼΪع֮ˣӴĳ̶ֻüĿ飬ʫʴѣһֱû֪¶
ֱʶԼĻ¿϶ԼģǱڶ̫֮λҪ޸лԼӦңܸ֮ʲôϸġˣȻͰǵ㴺ȶѹסˡ
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Ȿûʲôˣֵ˺룬͸Ӧ¡ѱӦҷ˵ǺӲӦ¡ģˮ˵ʲôΪ˹ȫֲµ֣Ҳ֮˺顣
ΪǱҵģӦ¡ͻһЩŪ˵ʫʣҪָһЩʾ䵱֤ݣ˵ԣǲ黹ױǶӦҵĲҪô
ˣû뵽ôһεĳ
ͬŮˣΪ˼ôŵԵİ鶼ˣڻǡ
˵궼òᣬҪģûмôҪģΪ̰ͼױȻôˡ
һֱһĶĸС
ˣ㳤ԼĻͱҪ𣬶廹Σϵ鲻Ƕּõġһ幫˵
ӦЩֶѾǷ֣ǱȻͶԺҲηһʵļٷҲù롣
кŮ飬֮Դ
һһŲӵӣֱҪ¶ǶԷʲôûУѵҪƿӦһǰϺ۸ء
ô˵ģҵ鱾鷳ʱͱǸǴ֮йϵǡ
幫ԣ׵ģѵһ죬ǾҪưͿ˿á
ʱѾŲסˣ䣬ſڣȴͷ㣬һҺĸڡ
סˡ
һԵİϺ⻰ɫһ࣬ȫ׵ˣ
˵ޱ̲סڵ㣬֮ǰĸ
ЩޱܸоԼʲôվֵָܳоƵģǡֹûκԽ֮˵ֻƬҲϣȷĽ硣
ޱɫ࣬ڳŲס㣬㿴Ķʲô¶̫ѿˡʹޱӦҶʲô߼ϵȴΪ粻ŵӦҷţпԭʹӦҹҲǴȣϾŮڴ졣
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Ϻˣ֪ˣµȷ⴫Ӧһǣֱ̫Ƿˣʣµ㲻ùˣú룬ױûûأ¾ôˡ
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˵꣬ޱʹסˣò˵ļޱܴĳƺͬĴѾˡԼҲƫĵģǡǺί
ùֱųȥοó㣬ŻȥϢ
ո£˳Ż㱨һ£ˡҹӴ
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ڶգӦϷ˴Ӧ¡ǰд·飬ȻɫѿĸϷһȴһƨҷˡҲûгټһ档
ǻȥϺȥױ


50 
Ϻſڣ˰ѱ湤λ
үģؼױ飬Ѿ˰š˽еĵӽеĹ¡
˵ˣõӾǰϺʾүСȥ࣬ⵥϵδȫջء
ϺҲҪģֵ̫ѿֱӵʱǿ
ӦҲôƤǼңϾ黹ױĹ涨顣ͻȻʹӺ洫
һ˾;ԿۡһͷǶվ󣬾Ȼ˴ˡ
ϺҲɻĿˡ
ǰף¹ӶĴ֣˼ϸһȥæɣʮױɵЩ˵ذü˲ܰɡ
Ϻ㶣ǼгһŮ⣬˵ĸ첲һҶȻ֣ȷЩġ͵ʲôô֣
û취СˣûȫСЦЦͻ˻֡
ֹǰһŵӣСޣмױǾū֣ūȥãЩöıýĿȥ
˵ȻӦңȴһա
Ϻûʲô뷨УȽȥ
Щסˣǲ鷳𣿡
Ȼ鷳ū￪ģоĺܡƤЦⲻЦ˭Ҳɵ˵ʲôױҲȫӦˣǹµ˰һ㣬ǾͲ˵ˣʹȱЩСռ˱ˣǾͶˡ
˵꣬˿ھͶŰϺ񣬴ˣڰϺЩ˼͸СƵĸں档
ЦһתȥĸǱߣȻҲڣõ֮˵ľ񶼱˱䣬סǵŲ¶һ˿â
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飬ôᶮլЩ¶Ȼ뵽һȥˡЦ
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ˣոôһȺǼΪûؼױ㻹רŹӶ֣ɻʵ
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ʵ֮ǰΪҶ鷳ǣǡûҺⱻ鷳ĸף㶮ǺԸġ
ףΪǳָֻأǱ۾ߣԲҶϵȴΪﲻϽǱ߶ԣԲϵ˴˶ΪԷӲף׸Է鷳ǹҪ½ϵ
һҪǶȫ㣬ͿԿóǵ˼ԭϧյ̨֮󣬾˳׼˾µ鱦ͻؽϸǱߵŮ졣
һأϵͽˣ飬飬ŰϺˣҪµˣпԳֵˣǾĶǺõˡ
ֻǵʱȷû뵽ͳ㻹ôһΣڴ˰ﳤûؼױԼоˡ
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۸ϽοĸףȻֹȻ֪ĸо⡣
˿ȣ͵ĸױȻ˾ǣεǣҲоοģȵĸˣǿʱ½ȥǰ
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ţֿЦ˵
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һˣ涼û¶ⶼˣüʱˣأ
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ֻ˼һֵ̧˽
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ǾȻѡֱӸܵϸǰǸͬһߣҪԪȼ
ΪҪôϼ


51 
̼ҲԪȼң֧Ŷԣʹֵ֧̫ӣҲ˶ԴԪȼ
ȲϵļûΪŭ·һж֮С
Ϊǲϣٳ֣ϾֻҪҵλݵͻᱻǲԸ
鵱Ϊ֮κҲ˽ݸƵĳ̼ʮֲġ
ԪȼѾˣ˭ûмʬ壬ڵǸ֮ӻĳţԪȼÿж˺ۼηţԲŻһз紵ݶͻ
µĪҲйأ꣬µ׾ʲô
˰۵·ѪڷǵӵԾʱξĥųޣߴǰǼʮ۾ںڰֱĶΪʲôûΪƽǰƵ޹겻ðϢΪǲ֪Ϊ˺
㲻Ҫ֪׷ʲôֻԸһֱֱ֮ĿŲϡ
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ͷȻ֪ҪȻҲôѾķʽԲϡ
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ϳһ棬̫ѧʵϱĺżҪóȥ֤֤ס
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οĿų飬ȻѾİףǸ̫һµ˳ϤȻǸԺ̫Ԫȼ
ˣ£ǵʮ𣿡
һ㶣ѾûˣǻڣԼжҲ˼ѡ
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һսϣʹһٵıҲס飬ʬʱѾֲľʬ˭ˡ
鲻֪ΪͻȻᵽǾûսҲӦѳˡǵĹء
ȴҡͷҹϳϳ֪ж
ƾųڶɵԸһӦǣѵʮҲǱߡ
Ǻܿϵ˵Ĳ¼ɡ
ŵѶˣΪϳҪͬϳһѰҵµټ˵ʬףѳᡣһֱ
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ֻӰȥ٣ҵˣʵ۲ᵽڻɱ֣ҪҵϿ²򵥡
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ŶϺϲģһ˳
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ʮױĲǿЦģӦҴԺռˡ
²ӦϷˣӦСһĻ۾ˡ
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ЦǣӦСӲ˵ʱ򣬶ۼֱӴӦСͷժһҲСġ
һһ£ӦСĽζ˽õģӦС÷쭣˵ģô˼Ҫȥĸһôˣ޲õɡ
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ֶһͭ岻Ҫ˻
ӦϷ˻ʳѶҪߣ־ֱӻһ䣬ҪҪѸСȵҩҲһ飬ӦϷ˵ˡ
ôһߣӦҷ·𱻰һֻ¶ƶ񤣬ӦϷ½֮ѵʶǼҿ񲿵Ĵˣȴ˾ȨȫǿŴϱɵĳ档
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ӦϷӦ¡ͿӦ¡ȴĸײţϾҪȢκŮةĽŲԺӶȻ֮ǰҪãȰѳЦǡ
һһϼ֮Ϊά棬ȻҲֻܶƴգլأӡȴ֪һҵĶ˲Ÿոտʼ
ʮʮױ·Χۣ˵ǲʮױ˭ҲּŮã
˵꣬ǳһڶƵģܹãȴϧһſѪƤֿռӵĸۡԺôӡ
ʹ켫ˡҲһ飬Ӧ¡ֻɥżΪ⣬п϶̰ͼݼױ˼
һ󣬡û뵽ҾȻǼ޵˼ҡªĽ˶ġ
͵ҧˡļδõġ
͵͵Լĸ
漴ʼѯ˹ڽǱߵ飬ΨһŮǵͷᣬ㣬䣬书һȥӦ֮󣬶ֶʮ⡣
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͵͵ѯЩǲǻֱ
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ϣ󣬲Ǵ᲻ãȫûбҪԶ磬
ֿ˼͵ɣǾǹҲãūܸоȫүֲڣҲˣûһģԺʹС˭տء
׶ǿǹˡ
ȻֿڣĸǱ껰֮һͬ˱һ˼ȻˣҲûм˭үôЩ֣̿Ҳòܾĺ⣬϶ǲԸ뿪ˡ
ǹνŵϵһ¶ҾǴ硣
֮ϦѾ𽥲ֱûл˵ֻȥʱĸϻҲôðɣⶼһˡҲ֪ǲǱʲô鵢ˡ
ֻʣ㣬ҲĵȥˣҲڲϼңҲóȻˣһĻɡյǵ˻ٲ֮һûˡ
ڽǵĵȴУɫ߻Ѿȥˡ
ǰ׼ظĳո뿪ܸţӭݷòϵԽͻ䡣
ʱ㣬黹ûеȴпóɡ
Ϊ·ԽƼ飬ͷȥݷòˣųҪԷ
˾ͳھľ¥С


52 
ôֻһˣأԽЦе˵
ԽӦ˵ˣպ£ȻڼСº͵̬һë
ôҲˣ֪Ͽǲ̫ϲѧӰݷõġ
֪Խ̽˵ǡ
У顣
Խü漴²¿ǽΪʲôҪȥϣ
ȻΪλæ飬Ҳ²Щкιϵ֣ƽһӡ
ӰʱǰѾˡԽͻȻ
Ծȣ漴̾λ참ٶǿ졣
һֱӵĻȴ̲סˣʲô죬Ǳǿнģ¿϶ڼ飡
üͷ΢Խ˵֪ҵʵֹһ
һ㶡
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ĿϢԿ϶ֹһ̱ƹ˵ϢܻᱻǼǴǻˣû֤֤еڶҪģϧɱͬʱ¥мطͻȻʧʧܣֻܾʹ˽᰸
ȻԽжϣѾûκˣΪ˷Ѿ񡣡Խ˵ˣ¶ҵġ
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һԽ˵һӼϵĺ⣬ȳԵŷӦûиһԷﻹҪϲʳ
ζͷԴһݸΪãҲתˡ
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ǵ˴Ժġ
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ʵոԽû˵ô࣬ǳƾֻƬȴѾȫǵͼ˼ά˾̾
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ҲǴ˼µ˲еɡ
̣ᡭпܡԽӸǲãҲ־Ҫģ֪ľ𣿡
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֮ǰ˵̫ȵ۵ĺӣǵʥϵֶӣ̫ӱĴ֮һ̫ԭϣԭĳ̹ȻڵĻʵɩϵΪĶѾ̫ӣΪ˳̻ʺݾӻʹ̷̫ǻϸĶ䡣
һԼĵճӺӵλͻ䡣
ճֻǴӣϵҲֻܵʹλȨʵʵڵĻʺ󣬷ӡҲУֻǳƺϲһ㡣ϻͬΪĴ֮һϰȻΪţΨһƾڻʵ۲ϲĸӣʼնǵġ
ʵϲĻӣҲĺӣӱҲĴ֮һĹңȻǵճܳҲʵҽЩ˲żüãռ˳кܶҪλãʵСһ̫ѧһֱҳ誻죬뵱ӵ
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ʱһ󣬷Ѿ˼ҪһԺᣬڱУѡةκϱĻӡ
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⼸꾩ز۵˻ϰߡԽ˵Ҳãôͷˡǽߣ󡣷򲻹һ֪Ϊζ޹ˡ
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ƵģǾԲ֪ģԼҲΪǺʱСȾϵģץϣôȥǡ͹ȥġ
ٵһ˰취ֲֻɱ֡
´Ҫ飬˵˵ֱ꣬תߣŪԽһ±ơ
Ǹո˵һҪԽɻ
ӵɵ㶼˵ˣĹϵôмۺ죡
㡭ԽЦˣ㲻ǲ֮ܽôͻȻôˡ
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侪ȵ㻳ݣ˭Ǽ϶
˵ĲǡƤĶ
ࣿ

һߣϺĻУʱѾ˲Һˡ
мĵһڵӣ½ǿš
ֹӣСʲôֻźôεϣңһڷԡ


53 
ʱ䣬Ϊλ幫ڳԴҶǾһŵģ˳˵ʱ⣬ӦöҪ
ȴٳû
֪Ϊ˸ȡʱ仹ۺЩױûʸҲ̲ס˵ױ顣
һְѼױȫȥ˽ʱʱͰæˣüȻѾصԼңЩױӦó嵽ȥټޣҪٰżױܲܶ޵ŮױҪǹδŮļױɡ
һּҵȻǸͷͣǶԴҶкôġ
׼æ˵ֱӵͷĸ˵ǣöְѰϺ׼ļױ뿪ȥⷿ
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ʱȴɫѿ⻰ʲô˼
ĸʲôط˵𣿸ּҸҵļױ黹游ҸõļױĸģǱϸĵӣԲҵĶŪ
⻰ڳ˭˼ɫˣ˼һ˲ŤЦ㣬˵ôϸ֪ĻΪĸȫļױ乫أֺ޳ܵͷֻǰŵ̰Ĳĳ˼Ŀ̰īŮҸļױءҼҼҲ˼ҸĶױɣҪǱ𡭡
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϶ʱҭһڡ
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һӦǿϣǿֻһȣ·Ҳ㲻״Ƶġ
⵽ô£ʲôˣϺ𾪵
޿ڳǰСӣȻܿ뵽ʲô
Ϊѵ˵ҹǸͶ˵ǶѣŶ嵱ʱæ飬ֻȰ˴ʱ٣մ棬ȴͻȻˣ¶кֻܾҴƣԼæȥˡҪ磬Ҳʵûˣֻܴȹ
˵껹һ޹ӣ㻹ǸϽɣʲôΪѵ飬͸˵ǲ𣿡
Цſ漴ֿɪɪϡ㡭Ȼң
ϴεӦöôܸٳԼǰǡģ
Ϊʲôأ֤Сģ⡭з粻Ƕ֪еͷԡ
ȫ޷Կص״̬񫷸ˡһжģ϶ǶԸʱˣˡֻٶʳѾûлԴˣҲʱ˸ʶ鰸ˣҲŪһЩֻˡ
ֹӣСʲôֻźôεϣңһڷԡͼϲ忡飬Եȴۡ
Χȴϵģź֣˵ʲôѾϺʱŭԼѣߴǼ磬ܷ
ܳ͵͵зûʲô⣬δǰǾǳ̬ٳˡ
ϵĳ֣ȷǴļƻŸ˳Ͻ¶࣬ʱ˴ʱִ
ǸۡС
ɫ࣬Ϻߣ˵ʲô
Ϻ˲ͱеˣֻ¼ˡ
үôˣ幫ɻʵ
ֱʱϺһŭȻ棬ŭӣҹ£
еˣתе죬淴ӦҲ򣬡ףʲô𣿡
ϺŭĿӣȻһʱ˵ƺѹŭ˼δ
ʲôⲻѾ𣿼ֱǶǺûи״ֱָ˵ŪЩʲô߰˴ؼң㻹Լˣ
һӴġֱ
ոհϺѾˣʵ֤Ϻˣ㶯ŭȻΪһ㡣
û뵽ھȻ㲻ˣüҪȥҪеĹȴˣϺֱϸո̳ķ˹
Ȼᱻ򣬶ϽǰסҪֵĸףף⵽ôˣлú˵
ΧҲϺŭŵòᡣ
ϺòָϵҲϷݵСĻãйϵ𣿸ոиң֢״ΪȾ񫣬ֵ÷񫣬ƫƫͶ㣬ûմǶ


54 
ڳֶסˣֵʵ̫󣬻Թʣ˱ˮմһģһҼϱݻ˳ס
ˣ˳е㲻ˣ¶ﺦմȾ񫣬Ȼ֤ɽܵͷŶ԰
ڰϺ̬ȸһźţԼմȾ񫣬Ǻˡ
ԣܳϡ
һȵЩ֢״Ⱦ𣿿Ƕ֮ǰ̫ѧ˼Щ֢״һİ
еתͷһڸë𣿵ȵȡǲǲ֪Լõ֤ݰ
񡭡һֱֻ֪Ǵ¥ᱻҵֱץô˶ûץͷϣΪԼû£
𾪡
ʵ棬һֱڹ۲Աʱ֮裬ýʱ˵Ѿ᰸ˣǾǹĶûб֣Ǳʶûм¼ڲᣬڱ𴦣ûбҵС
뵽˸ðȥ¥һ̽лõ֤ݣƮˣԼһ٣ú񫷢ͻᱻ֣ھϽҴһݡ
ֻҪ֤Ⱦ񫣬ϺֺԼմϲɾ飬ⲨεȻ᳹׷¾Ҳû˸֮λˡ
˵ף֪Ǳйֻˣͳ飬ԽҲֻ֪һûУ֪ǲǱˣϾʱֶһûҵܱյġ
ô֮£ͳڵľ档
оЩЦͬɵӡ
ел
ҪȻֱ˵ԼȾ񫣬ĵˡ
үվһˣոųһ亹
˾ŭĿУŰϺʣȾˣֱͦ壬һһٻشûСףҪҹҲȲɣôȾءܣôȾʱ̫ѧǸһˮ˷纮ҳʱ̫ѧ飬Ⱦ񫣬ʱ䲻ô̵ס
˵ѣû֤ݣѽ䣬ҺΣ
᲻ȾԼҲ֪񼸺ѹֲסеЦ⣬ȫͬľȴάŤĵǡףǱ˰ɡ
ȻָϣҲû뵽˱仯ϽסֹӾҡ
ҶҲûõģȾ񫣬Ǹв㣬ȥٸ̼
ŵˣУȥٸҡһֶҲйģҲʳˣҲ񫡣
Ծʽ˵ŶȵȻǳߣ˵ѵ񫷢׾ͱ֤ڳ˼˵
㡭ƽʱΪΪˣ㾹ȻմȾֶȫˮϺŭ˵žҪȥҼҷıӣӣӡ
үֵôףɲܴȥ
ȥּҿǻϴ鷳ġ
͵ȥȥȳң֮ھǣ
幫
ɨǣٴ˹
𼱣𼱣ô˵ϽסϣȻסˣֻܽдһԵޱæ
ޱȴ˫۳ס·˻磡ôз飬ǵˣ㾹Ȼôôⲻ̣Լ˷ֻȫҵǶᱻɵġ
ŶԱãȻ
ǰޱã⻹ûдȥһסġ磬㻹Ͻϴ
ۿŰϺѾӣһӴˣ˸ϽϽϴ취񫣬һһ
ͻȻʼƴ˵Ļ
ݵġ治
˵ʲôϺʢŭ̡˺͵ſ
ֱӵͥ¥ɾ˵˵ôȾ񫣿
˶ΪˡȻƹˤˡ
ȴˣǡǹÿҵʱ򣬵ϵѬ㣿
֪𣿡
ƮȴᶨѵȻ֪Ҫ𣿡
¥ûˣͥ¥ڣǲҪѬģΪû˿֤𣿡
бңҲڷ޷˼̫࣬ҲͲƱˣֱ鲻Ϊȫֹ˵ô𣿵ȷ㲻֪˸Ǯ㣬㲻Ƕ֪𣿵Ҳʵңһͬھ
˼΢侲һ㣬еġ
Ǳģ˭Ҫ㣿Ϻʵ
еˣҲֻе㣬û뵽Ѿ֪ԼȾ񫣬Ӧò֪˭µְɡ
ף˭ĺҪҪǣȾˣô찡ͼѸ׵ע
ˣ˭ҵĵȻҪΪѹûȾϣֻϷҵǸ˿Ҫ˭Ҫҵ˵
΢磬Ȼ㲻Ըʵǲңö֪Ƕʱ̫ѧ״̬ģͬˮһ¶ûУãȴö컹ֵ֢״Ѿ޷֤ˡȻǱģҲ㡣û壬ϣǲܰ㡣
ϣȾϣͻȻ
Դǵôأֻʵ
ǴҲҪʵŶͻȻһЦ
Īһ£ʵ֪֪࣬Ƣַˣƽô죿
Ҳ˷ʱˣֱӵҵͷҪңÿζװ˯ݳԻϡΪϴûиͬһ˯֪ÿҶ͵͵뿪ûʳ
Ƶ˳϶ʼԼļ䣬ǵģӦá
˯𣿡ֱӺƤʵ
ϴ𲻳ˣΪ𰸻Լġ
Ϊ𲻳⣬ǲ֮ǰƵǶλ
ҶʼѵΪ˵麦ˣװȾˣԻСģ
ûС
Ⱦˣһᷢ˵ѻбҪ𣿡
Ϻ˵ˣʱһ˵һ飬ʲôðա
Ϊһɺҵ˾⸮У˭šЦ
Ϻ˲һɵɨ˺ȻҪ֣ɡ
һҲˣ˵ó˴ԵûЦ
ͻȻһ俴վߵޱޱ㣬游̵Լ𣿡
ڷתʵеޱͻأʻһ£ʲô
ЩԼ
˵ɫڱˡ
ڡޱתת
ó
Ϊʲô˵ʱȹܺԼʲôޱ
ܵҪʲôʱ򣬾ͼͻȻһЦֱӴӻóֽ˰Ϻ
ϺȵĽӹһʱɫͱˣϺλ幫Ҳһʱ䵹
ֱǵ񶼾۽ޱʱޱȻǿʲô
Ϻɫһʱصɨӣûгڣ幫ȴûӣֱӳʵ΢Ѿͷ㾹ȻЩԼѺµﺦ磿
˲ڳûп֤ݵ˶ˡ
ǡ˵ʲôأޱ󾪣
˶һ۸ϽһµȻϵǶʱϵѪɫȥֻ֪һţڿɫ֪ˡ
ȵߣ۵ĵǡСã𣿡
ɲĵͷ
ңңޱһҲڴеŻԼ˵ЩԼôɵѺİɡ
źޱֱŭָ磬ôôĺң֪ˣһԼȾ񫲻ϳϣҪתìܣҿðôңôȥʲô¥ô֪ʲôΪʲô
ľĿޱȻûɶ飬һ˲Ľʹˡ
ãΪʲôҺ㣿
ҪȻЩôֵģⶼĲ𣿡
һֻҪشһ⣬Ҿ͸㣬ǲҺ㡣
ޱһ㶣ͿǰһǰδеңԼвģʲôˣ
һ⣬һ仰˲ޱͣת
ҲޱһСŮ뷨ֱޱ죬Դú룬ǲͰԼʲôˣĶѺѬҪ񫣬ҷ֣ľͲѬ֮£һǣڿڴµУҲΪ֤ݱȥʣˣ˵Һ㣿ҵĽ𣿡
˵꣬һƣƵ˲Զ˵ĻС˾ֵķš
ޱͫȻ·һ˴ԣڿʼת
ϻˮͻеתͷ˵ЩԼҲͽΪʲôΪʲô
һ仰ڳˣֻѾӦİϺоˡ
ǰãͿ˵ʲôôҽĶ
û˵ѣҪҹߵġޱ󺰣ո˵Ļڶ߻죬Ļ𵴡
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ǰ磬αİɣ֤ݣڴôϡ
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㡭Ϻһʱ䲻֪λشʵˡ
㲻ܣǻẦõġ
ޱҲŵˣֵĿ
ֲģʲô飬ҸһΣ顣
㲻Ǻ𣿡񼸺ȻҲŲסˡ
ߣǺҵ˹ǹǣƾʲôҪǣһ˿ãס˵·ǰϺģ𣿿ó֤ݣںô
ĿϺᶨ߰Ϻ鲻׹ȥ
Ȼһ룬ϺѾ˾ߣͻȻһƻˡ
žһ˼ײһԵķһ㵹ˮˮŪһǱ
үס͵ǶѪˣǱ޺š
ȴ˲ŵðˡ
ʵϺǲƺģ
᲻ͣҲڲͣҡͷϣǺܿ죬ϺĹӾͻ
һٹ£˱ıףѪ˰ȴû˸ǰֹȥסϺ
ڴӾ޴ʧзӦϽȥˣﺰţױˣ
ϣѲ𣿡ϺŹӾҪʱںүˣˣңҼʵ֮λﺦģүҴˣ֪ˣֻһʱ˴
ȴҡͷע£һ仰˵˲ĸ׵˼Ҫһе


55 
˳ϵĿ죬ϺҲ죬ƿֱӽ˵˵øĹӴ
ͣͲͣ
Ӳ£·ǴϵĶ飬ÿ±ȻѪ˿޺ţţӰϺϣǱڵжܣҪȥȴ˻֮ǰԽĸĸ߹Ȼ޴档
ӿ޺ǰȴϺӲס񣬰ϺֱӴͣ
Ͽ޺ǰٴȥûģڲǺúõٴĴҲҪıãӵװ㲻ôġ
ǰϺֻͣ·ҪƵġ
ֻǰϰԵĿҪѵ⣬СӡǶͬϵ˲ˣôչ˹㣬ĳйпͣΪһʱͿҪɣôصĳͷҲùˣͲܷŹ
磡硭ɡСҲǰǼ˰Ѿ֪ˣˡ
ʧǵĿ˫ͨ죬ãȻᣬ·Ѿܾ
ȴûпڣ֪ϺҪȻⲻ顣
ϼ޶ԣѪԼǰҪˡȴסһ˵˼Ҿ͸鷳ˣıӵϾС£˲ϵŮҲӦ
ֱ˳ε˲űͣ
һϢˣϺֻ˸һ£ǻӻ˰һѾɵ϶ס죬ֱӹѺȻ϶ȥ񷿣˾ˣûȥլԺ׼ظ
ףסϣ㵵ĺ
죡ϺŭδҪ˵˶ûҿˡ
Ϻ˵꣬ͼ㣬ͷɾ⣿
˶ֳͷѾˡ
ȴֱֻĿŰϺȻֻԭĸףԲûʲô飬̳ܵеļӰ죬ܸоһ˿ѪԵͺ׽ĸ׺ʹԵ飬Ҳޱ޴оʹһһ̣еѪԵϵʧǰһпĵЦ
Ϻע£ҲЩ顣
ʵǶ֪˭
Ӹո˺ķӦܿԪף˶ǰס
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ûзӦǺܿ죬ҲͿˣͦΪӵһС
ôһǻһˡ
ǰϺǲˣûбҴ࣬һӿܾˡ
ǰе˳ðϺ۸ǳ
ʵϣϺƫĳ谮ȴ֤ݣڹƾȥ£ˡ
԰ϺЦһȻ׶˾ˣҲûʲôġϾҲû֤֤һ֣ο˶ѾˣϷҲˡ

ϻʱ򣬾ſڿ˵˳š
ţүڻˡ
ʵʲôˣأ
ѽˡ˳ż˵
һӾ漴˳ŵүѾˣǱĻš
ˣ
˳һųլԺȥһ˵ľ˵ҪүǸɾһæݺүͺүʶƣϱأ˸ҡ
Ͷˣ˳Ȼ֪ܵȫ࣬鲻⴫Բӵ˵
龭ӦøĲ࣬Ͼ֪з飬ϱ岻ϹвֻһֳðϺ֪ȾϹ񫣬òɿءû뵽Ϊ˰ڶ㺦
𣬵֣ҲǷˣ֤ݶѾϵ£оԵƣҲӮƯ
ֻûҲ֮УϾûд棬ӰϺĽǶȲܷôһĶӣȫϣͻȻϵϡ
˳̲ס˶֪үģʵҪǼү˿϶үǺүֻͷˣ̫үί¶ˡ
˳˵СĿųүҲûгţһ˺ƾƣûлһĻ˵ҲʱʱôûлҲڣүҲһȺˣһܿ࣬鷳ү㡭ȿȡοһүɡ
û˳źĻֻһֱڵ˲һ¡
˵ֻʱȴɵϵһ죬ֻǾӦñֺʵľ룬ȴһԼ˵ж
ڣͿ˴ԱߵĳϿһˣͷնͨǿգžƺʱĺһڣįյ鶯ʵЦӯӯǰצǿʤ
һֳȫûм飬·Ƕ˹¼һĸеģ·𡭡䡣
ֱ˳źһһӴɢϵļϢһƵġ
ȻͿ¾ƺǳ˹
͸оԼһ˲Ȼ٣ֱֹͣ˱һŻָһ㡣
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˳Ŷת뿪ţڳռ䡣
ӵе󣬳оԼ˫ˣʣȴ֪ƿǸûرο
ƭˣ㲻˵ֻҪʱôôŻ˰ĺΪƶ˾Ƶе޵ķŴûˡ
ֻһ뷨ϽסóˣҲ֪ڿʼжټʴ򿨳ɹˡ
ٱһ㣬᲻мӳЧ
ұ
ɵķᣬԲ𡭡鵢ˣ˵˽飬ĺܺá
˵ţ̧֣ĺ󱳡
ͻȻοһ£һֱסίҵ˳Ƶģк
ĲãûܵͷǻˣĻˣЦǾȻֵܣ
˿£Ȼȳֺҡ
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˵ίܣʵ飬Ϊǵࡣ
㻹ĸ׺ʹ㣬Ĵġ
ԡǡ̰ˣȻûʵҰ
ſڣ֪仰ĺ壬Ҳ֪˵ʲôο
ϣûġ
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Ŷᣬ㡭ҪͷƵģٶ㲻Ҷȥˣĺ°
˫нĶ֪ôشֻоġ
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ʱҲǿһˡ
̾һȶˣϢɡ
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ΪʲôǲǶˣҪҪԵ㶫˯óеչһƹԪȼɳδйġ
Ҳ
ǾϢ
һзǳҪҪ˵꣬ͻȻɿ˳飬Ҫߡ
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Ҫȥҳ飬ûлұҪȥӦ˵
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һҲסƾ̱
˷ϣɺã˫ȴҪղյĿ
Ǻñӣԣ˯ɣͺˡ˵Ҫ
廹ûվֱأͱͻקϴһ
鲻Ҳûжֻֿƾˡ
һ룬ͱѹڴϣ̧ͷֱĿų飬ڰ׷ĵӳųӡ
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׼ߡͻȻͳ˵
˲һƬհס
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ǡ顭㲻뿪ߣߵĻһġҲ
Ŀͻأðʡ
ƺԡƣ
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ʱıӵìܵĹͣĳţǶ޷жϣֻܴ͵Ŀ𽥳
ˣԣü֮֮ɫҲܿƤܺã⻬ϸ壬ʵĸ׾֪ĳ಻ֻ֮ǰڸˣϸһŮĶò
ƫƫȴϲˣƫƫ
ʲôϲġеĴҲʲôá
鿴ԽԽܵߴȶȺʪĺѾ絽Ĵˡ·ҩƵģóһһĻ
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һգգۣƿҪɺãȴȻɹȥˣ˫ֻǽɿ
۽ǵδɵ飬ĿƵģֲá
ôϲ𣿡
û˻ش


56 
˶Ϻһ߷˹ǰ񣬡˭ĵôģ
ףҴˣ֪ˣֻǱ۸̫ãһʱҪѣû뺦
ڵϿǰסϺȣףȻ֪ҵĴװɣһٰѾͷĹˣˣҪװΪŮٳô꣬ô߰߿ܻµġ
Ϊߣ׷Ź𣿻Ϊ˶ϺɸֵѾǶ֣ľʱ磬ؼ۸㣬Ҳպ֪㲻ֵܹϵɱ֣ҵһŹ㡣
ףίѡ
ϺȴŭĿԲɵô㻹ԼίˣһƫұϼϣǿأıԽԽˣ̫ʧˣ
סǴ㡭һʱЩȣԭûаԼôҪû뵽ԭĴ֮λ
ͻȻɴ۾еĻںѾʼڣôѧԼûֻ֣Ҫĵȴá
Ϻûֱ׵˵ԭĴ㣬Ѿµһ£ϺǲǸı⣬Ͳ˵ˡ
Ϻ֪ڸϵĻһˣûвУǲյ㣿ƽʱǲȥֵطôֺ֪˵Ķģ
⡭Ӧø޹أ͵ģԼȥˡףҵȷǴӵ㡭ǲҲͬҵСʵ
ϺȴʲôʱܣҪעִ磬˵˺ԼˣԲеڶΣ𣿡
֮£ֻܿͷʾˣȻʧǵȥˡ
ͬһ˴һ˲С
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ΪʲôҪô֮ǰƭңһֱҪǶ㾹ȻҵĶȥ׸磬ôôޱĳȥҪˣǱš
Ľ㣬һֱİ
Ǳߣ޷˵ûжֻᣬſġ
ޱ޵ĸĶԴ˰ɵһⲻˣڶȥĸˡ
ˣڸͿҵһĻǰҪƿޱȴӦڵľơ͵ã֪ԹҲΪңΪǣȻǲһĸģǴѵȴͶѵֻѪԵϵϵģ
ɿ˵˶Բ飬Ѿôˣδ֪ô֪ûټĻᡭãû˺ɡ
ޱ˵˶סˣͻȻʵദĸһ֪ʲôжϡû˺ңҽԼ飬һ鵽ˣҰٿĪ磬Ҫεģ
ʱΪûǮֻʱѺǺլŮˣò࣬Ż飬ôԭ𣿡˵󷴶Դ
ͻȻһ˻ͷȥͼŲƵ壬ڵϣޱ΢΢Ǹİ㵱ŮģҲǸˣˣԭҡ
ޱ壬ܲεڿסĳ˳ȥ
ˣ˲ŰѽҲڣԺڸмѣޱǵŮҲ
ӱ˿
ǸˣֻҪˣҾͻлᣬҶһΪӡ·Ҫᶨʲôһ˻˵
һǱĻصԼԺӣǸոսݾ͸оʲôԾͺڰһֱƵëȻǵûˣ־Լˡ
ͻȻŵһ˫Ⱥʲôײܿһֱˤ˳ȥ
ֻһһҽ쳹ͥԺֱиϹȷˤ˽ףҪһ֮á
һεһ󡭡ˣ޷γ̣˶˲ϣã
ϺõϢֱ̡û뵽뾡취סӣȴԼˤë
ѵ
ֱҪˣ˫۲˿סϺףûϵҪȥ̫ѧҪ飬Ҳܷᡣ
ȴһȰ˵ãܻӡ
ȴƴҡͷһСĵģףҽļǺܴģҲܷ
ϺֻܵڼգУʱȥ
ݶҪҧˣ飬ԹԹضûˣΪʲôֵùûбôŬأ
ڰϺոƣ뿪ߵʱС˵Ѻɾ˷С
ϺһͻȻоﲻԡΪʲôôɣΪʲôô鶼
Ͻȥв鲻ԭ򣬵һֱ񫷢״̬֮ǰйԣ񫷢һֱܾͻֻ˵Ϊġ
ϺоΪֻɣʬ塣
ǲĵѯһȴ֪ӻصԼԺԺûг;ֻгĹ
ϺԼˣҲûɺϵ顣

һͷѣǳڶĿ׷һӦǱʶȥϵͳ壬3㡣
3㣡
򿨳ɹˣ
˲ͻȻ־òԾΪʲôôȰ
񻹱ʲôĶ
Ȼ۾һӾͶһž˯ա
С
ŵһɿˣһӾײ˴ǽڡ
ȻҲ˳顣
˫ۣ˿ɫ͵ʱ磬粻˯𣿡Ųܶ죬ֱŵȥ¡
˯һʱ
ΪԭȾƣԭȴǾͰһΪ룬ھƣСһڣΪˡĵľˣԲûпסһСĺˡ
ǡô˯һŴģô㡭
ü壬ųһͷ˿˳ɢͷϣβϣ޴ӡ
ü֮һָ˯ѵʣ˫ӯˮβ͸۵ĸо
˯죬ͷġ۲ת
綼ˣ

ȵȣԻôôǿҵļӸУ
Ϊɶɫ԰ףһû˯õӣ
㤵Ŀų飬ֻ̲ס·ĸһԼûиɶ
ӦáҲšܡ
ǾʧС飬ȻӲ˫ۣĪʧˡ
ɵӣʱ򣬵֪˾ӣ¾ƺʲô
ˣŲߣҾڱĴϽһ˵žƿӣ׼´ˡ
ųǼûж·ź֪ĳЦԼʲôأû书ҪƷǺܼ򵥵ģֲԭֱôܰҹҹϮء
ԼǱԼϴˡ
һߵǸһԼʹԴͳŽ˳ţ׼һЩѾƵĶ
˳ŽźСƮȴֱӴ̣һ¿ʲôӣԳ̬ȱӿˡ
硭鱾˵˵飬ǼʵڲʣֻܿڵȻȥʰһ¡
ˣỹҪ̫ѧǴл㱵Ӧ
ͷͳŻ뿪Ժӣñ˿дˡ
үôʱ磬ҪҪ˯᣿
˯ͷۣһܲɡѾƵҩһȥĸǱš
ţļ½½ˡ
ߺıסһԵӣͷײ
ôǸа̫ˣҺû˵ʲôܣһǻҪ
ĽһֱһŻ򿨳ɹģӦд򿨼¼еĵˣԺҪ
˼ţͻȻһ£һһԺ䣬ô񿴼뿪Ȼ֪ٶϴĻ氡
ҡҡͷһӦ˯Ρ
ϾǱû취ֻǿͬһŴ˯ŵģܲ˻ܻ˯ɣַ˼飬ôó
һΡ
֮󣬻һ·͸ȥĸǱߣֵôԼ鲻þȻȥˣĸǱ߶˴㣬ãͰն˵ʱƭĸףġ
ȵȥʱ򣬾ͿϺҲˡ
Ѿָǰͼ
ϺȻһ㶼ˣƢйǡ
ʱֻ䣬ͳûѯһϵ顣
ǰȥһϣȴ˵Ѿˡ
Ϊ𾪣ΪǰϺĿڣ룬ҲԼߵһģֲñˡ
˵Ϻᴦú⣬ҲͲˡ
һͻ·֪ҵϢ֮ľ״̬һֱ˵飬ҲҪϺ䡣


57 
飬ѾˣͱˡϺ꣬͵˵Źˣһ磬Ҿ˰ˣպĹܼ֮Ȩʱ϶ϱ㿴Σ
ܲˣҲʣҲǺġ
һûж˵ȻͬˣǶڰϺǶһ֪ҲкʹвõģıҲ㲻ʲôİһС
漴Ϻֿˤһӣ׸ˤˣ̫ѧʱ򣬰١Ҳ֪ܼܲȥ飬ٵʱʱ̫ܲѧҪ縺Ǻϣúñ֣֪𣿡
Ǿȣ漴ʵûסһЦ˳ϺɫѿҲûֱĿǵүǳ۾ģѭŶ
ֺϢֱӸ˶һ緹
ǰȥˣʵԭǹΪ˴ʰ顣
֮ǰǰ˰ڻ棬ͻʱǣûϣ黹ͦ˳˸Ūˣһºȫ˲٣ҪǰæĵطҲͲˡ
ȻǲԸµģͷǻؼҰɡ
øֻ಻ٵĸǸлİˣҪ뿪ʱԣҪھ漸죬סںһп
˶̬ԽǼȻûˣһҲߡ
ˣҲ̫Ҵ˰ɣҪʾĺ⣬ҪΪ׼ˡ
֮ǰǱֿϵŮӴĲɡ
үѾǱˣԸһһ۵˵ڽǱûʲôѣǰһֱ˵ǺãҪЩʱա
û뵽ϲô죬ϽźԼ͵ǹӶеŮˣֻҪĻͺˡ
˵Ҫ£ֿǸ˻ˣ˼ҵŮƵ˵Զ͵飬ܻǲǶճ磬˼ҶĸŮġ
ֲڼá
Ϊ˼æҪߣʹĸ״Уȥ̫ѧʱƵǳǡ
ĸȻʹһЩǣȻ̲סڵһдµĻŽǣǴȥ
һԿţһֱĬû˵̲סԵ㣬ûʲôҪǱ𣿡
ɫЩ̫ãĸ׺Ѿ˺ܶˣǶǵͺˡҡûʲôҪġ
룬͵ԺҲ֪ûл棬ѵϵϣϴ͵Ķ鱦ΣûиС˾˺ʹ׼С˾䣬ǱЩһǴģҶⷽ治У߲еĲ鵱ȥ
𱸵ĿһۣȻ֪ڸʲô
üСˣҲñӰɣ̹̹Ǹ𣿡

Ҳֱӵһߣʲô͵ĶùҾͲͶˣġ
˵ĸǱҲˡ
ʱˣſڣ˳顣
֮ǰûмȺˣ˲䣬֪Щ湦ġ
鿴ˣǰС˵Ҫʱǳǣ𣿡
鵹νá
˵װḶ́˳˵һϵͷҲ˵ˣȻˣͱˡ
ţҲܡ˵žͿ㲵Ů߳
ޱҪһȥ̫ѧġ
һ񣬾ͼҴҵˡ
ޱɫһʲô˵ӣίˣ硭
˼ĵһͷ
ޱ۾˺죬㡭ǲڹңҲ޹ģҴͷβ֪飬Ҳȥ㡣
֪
ô
ѵҪѹͷβҵ˱΢Ц𣿡
ޱ˲䱻סֹסǨŭҡ
ͷۣϽɣǶڵ㣬ҲıʲôԺúõģǷǣ˵ǻദͱָҶ˵ʲôûϵҲֻˡ
ޱû뵽ô飬޹ģΪʲôҪԽԽѹŤͷˡ
ǲٸĸˣֻ֪ĸ׺ʹǱ߲ѾͷԲûаѻ˵ˡ
ȵװˣϳͻȻ
СӸ˹үС˵Ǹ㲹ϵ
һЦ¶Ͱڰ֣
ֻʣͳˡ
Ȼ಻ϣֻһûѣ·˵Ҫ߳顣
Ӵؼױٵϵ£ֱ뿪顣
޾ϸ˵
һ߸裬һʱʱӦһ£Ȼˡ
ʼˣź֪ǲǻ̫ˣ
ұͺ춼ʲôº͵˵
ϲһˣǻԼе鶼ԷΪǳûʲôֵġ
ڷʡԼΪʲôһ˸ϰ㱨ļӸУʲôϸڴ©ˣϰ廳Լ
϶̫ԼڻҵݣϣⶼͲΪʲôɱˡ
ͻȻڵ
һΪʲô⣬Ͻôˣ
ָһˮɳƵɤܸоڡ
⡭ҿڵţӦһԵˣҵ˵Ǽпˡ


ɻˣҪ𣿡
Ȼһͷײ˳ϣѽһϽַסͷôҵĴܺ𣿡
˾ͺ˾Ȱˣҡҡҿ϶ҪȵĶˡ
ֻǲ²⡣
²һ㶼׼㡣ֱӵһǺܺ棬ôµģ
򵥷ΪڸȷҪ֮ҪʰôæȻ׷ʲôߡʲôڵߵǼȻ񣬻ڵȣȻͼææˡ
һ˵ĽŮӣ˵ϵȷž£ٿ쵽żҪ죬ôôϵ϶ңֻǸҾڸȥһϵҵǱ涨뾩ǵģǾͺпڳš
Ӧѹ֮ǰ͸о͸˵ĹŹ֣ôһ˵ͻȻˣȷ棬˵Ϊ׾˵ͨˡ
绹ǷŲ¡Ҳ֪ǷŲ˭̲סЦЦ
ոճ˵Щԣ治֪Լδѡô
羹ȻûȢҲǰԵֻһ޷ؾǣһӦ֪㳤ڹʲôƷԣӦòκ
ÿ¶飬ҲЩǳŮᱻ˴ɫ۾οǹŴأȻֵĺûܶӰ죬ĵ˹޷ˡ˵ѡ
βˣ͵ҲκãҲ̫ɥҽܶࡣ
ʦΣټ٣Ҳԡˣܸ翵ϣʦǱ߲ܿƵ顣
ţҲɥѾǺܺõľˣļ磬ҾϸʽϵʣĸȥǱЦ˵
΢΢תΪĲ¶ˣԽʶҡЩҪ
⻰΢΢һ㶣ҪȣͻȻԺжһ
֧񣺸ó̻֧֡
ʱɫͱˡ
ô𣿡ʵҲκУǻѵãˣ黹֪ģ֮·ֶ˵ãҲİƿشܳľþпܡ
ԼҲһЩƣھǰݳ飬ԷӣܸǾ°빦Чˡ
ѵܼһΣŹᡣ
㣬뷽㣡عʾǶҵӦõġҶ֪㻹أ˲𣡡
ţһЩҵģҲ˷ˣԲԿ龡򵥵ɡ
װɵ֣̽ԺѾʼˡ
бǮҪ߸һҵĻǲģò϶ҪдĲ֡
ԭ˵Ǹһг̻Ļ᳤ģڲ֪ʴ¢ϣʱͶ˴ܳľȻʵ۷֮Ϊʱ
ڻûг̻ᰡ̻֣ǰʱҵʱ͸˵Ŷԣϵͳʱʾë
ȵȡ񷢲ʱǼҪ顭һת˲䷴Ӧ
ѵ̻Ļ᳤ΪҪˣˣ
ԭ˵᳤һɥΪģԭһֱ˵ǻ᳤Ͼһϣ൱һֱǱṩָĴڣҲ֪˭
ڿӦˣֵ͵ǵɥֳ϶ܼ顣
͵͵ǲμɥżȻһļϣʼ췴飿
Ϊǰˣ
֪֪Ҫ
֪ܲɣϾֻǰճѡ
ȵȣôǵãǸ᳤ѳ̻Ͻңʧˡ
룬ǿ˵³֪ǣȻ׸ʲôʱ˳
һΣпܲɱĽӦҲһ㡣
˼ǰȱרעͻȻܼ򵥰У˲ҵ
һɣл𣿲ͿԲճ
ô飬һܶ࣬ԡһûа취ȥʹǲҲлˣ


58 
뵽޲ӿŲ۾ˣͻȻһС˼˶
ܣұһǴˣǺһģҰҵǮ㣬һ⣿
δ֧̻ܳᰡȨ˭ԼͶһʣָɣ²СүҲңˡ
ң㶡
Ҳ̫ЩȫȽϷġ
ЩЦ㲻¸ȫˣ
ҪҲûϵЦδĳ̻ᰡôǮ
ε񣬳ܺȻǮġ
ͷʾš
ܿſڣҪǣֱӿڵȻˣȥǶɰɡ
⻰һ˶¶ȣ˴˿˿
ڳһ֪ĸĪסˡ
ԴһЩǰСֶӾ͵һˣϾҵ⣬ܽǣҲ˳ھǸЩ֪ȽϺá
Ȼף漴ָָͬĳұܣԼˣҪһ𣬾
˵֮ͳһǣֱ·ߵһСݣͣ£Ų˾ˡ
߽ݣոտţͿ˶ŶӰ۹׿Խ˹ĵšһ˾ǰһֳ飬ϸϸĶļ˲䱻
һºµֳ¶ԭļУ粻̫׽Ϊż˵ʲôģԭΨ𣬲ѧԸ񣬰Ϻ˵һοֻǱݡԾһֱϻѹһͷĴ硣
Ҳͱˣֻһţ⶯̧ͷӵ˲ͫһ·𲻸ŵƵĽӲ˰졣
ЦЦǰļ񡣡簲ã
·Żعվ߹סôᡭ
һԵˡ
곤һǰ㱨ֶԼ֣ҪǳǼ㡣
ЩȣԼʲôˣ֪ģû˸֪ô֪ڳ⣿
ôᡭңʲô𣿡Ҳûˣ֮ǰϵҲѵһʱ仹еΡ
ô綼⸽ˣ֪һˣֱܳ𣿡
ȻЩ⣬оܺ˺ܶࡣ
֪ǵȻ֪ˣΪǵĻǲԸǡҲŤֱԲ˵
̾һҲ֪Ĳһĸ׺ͳ㣿ԣھȥ֪ͨǡǶʮġ
ȴᶨҡͷùӦҲ߶Ҳ֪
֪ΪǿǵģҲǱǷŵãʲô鷳ýʱְŰǡ
УҾʹĸ׺ͳ㣬úɡЦ
ȻҲƾܣͬʱҲע⵽˸һˣ˾ޣҲ˼ҵӣȴʶˣΪ档
Ҳûϳܵ磬λҹùüҵıܣ飬סڰϺҳζæҪȻǺ룬εˡ
ǼȻˣ飬϶ģ¸ˢˢøУ˵Դٽǵĺ
飿ͻȻʵ
ǰͷ
ԭܵʱǻЦǵʵʱ򣬳Цݾ͸סƵģ񼸲ɲһ䡣
磬һȰɣֵܶ˺þûкܶ໰˵Ҳš˵꣬龹Ȼ͵ͷ׼ȥ
һ±ƣﰡ˵Ҫ
ôˣô죿ҿûʧܿ۷ֵĻˡ
ۿĴߣŵĸϽǰ׼ס顣
һ룬Լֱȴһץס
Ȼ书Ҳ˼
ϣͻȻɫߵʦֱ
ʦȻеͷԣ֪ҵ˼³飬Զ˵ǰˡ
ܣ˫ȭѵ֣ɥʧʽֻпռӣȫûκʤ㣬Ӧʱ򣬳ѾǱסѹǰ
̧ͷ˫۱ѹŭ
Ӿ̾š
ţڸ磬֪ڶԸ˭
ſæŵĳȥһʧܵԭҲû˵һʹ
𶯣ͼס
ƴһȻ˹ȥһѱסĳ飬ͷȫڻУ񻤼ƵģתͷŭĿӣ磡ѽ𣿡
Σգſ֪ʲôǡҲżˣΣ̫
ͫ΢⻰˲伱ת
ѵ֪ĳ飿
ã
ۿҪ˵ˣϽ󺰴ϵҵȻ֪ʲôˣǾȹҺüΣҲȹˣֻҪڣ˭׼˺
ԭڻ˲佩Ӳ
Ϊں±ݣϽŸˡ
˷ſ
˻ߵάˣҲˡ㡭֪
˵ſٴδϡ
磬˵ˣҲҪȻ۶
ʱҵǳ顣
ոıʱ֪Լݿ϶Ϊʲôԭ򱻲ˣ֪ĳ飬ԲŻֱ
һʱ䣬벻İ취ֻܳˣȴסΣûһΡ
Ҫ֪ˡ
֪ǳ飡
ǻô
㻤ʱһ˲ľóΥʧأǰ˫ۼѪ˿
ƲסԼ˺Ѱĳ嶯ȻסгֱֻѾʵʧֵһ£û뵽龹ȻԼôݣӦͿѾ̧Ѿʵְˡ
һͱסֱ۾ʹҲûɿոպ񿴼˫۶ˣάΰ˳ԺеĿӡ
Ϊȷʱˣ侲
ſұܣ
Ȼ۵װؿƵɱ
ΪҪЮһӾ
԰Ұϣʱ䣬˽̸һ̸
ĶһĲ˺侲УǴȥ
ͷԱߵ˹ס˫ȴ޷Ųֱ˴ȥ֮󣬲ջߡ
ӣȻҲУɻˡ
Ҳûаס飬ڶ£ԼԼĹؽڸλ
ֻһûκα仯·ڰ˴ƣһô̵ˣһǼ򵥵
㾿ʲôˣ֮ǰϾǮҼһ棬ǳ飿סϺӽұܵҪ
ֱӵ˵ĶԣҲǡ˭Ҫʲô֪ˣ޷ɱڣֻҪݱ¶ǽҺͰϺһ˶û
΢ƺڵ⻰к塣
ҵĿĲǣӲ˺ǣݣҲֻǽһ¶ѡ
Ϊ˵˵Ҿ·ҲڰϺ뿪ҿԿǲҴ㣬װһûзͲϲҺּңֻҪ˺ˣôҲùܡ
һҪãúһȥ͵뿪˰Ϻ𣿡
赭дһ仰ɲ²·˽õҲ仧ݣôаձȺŵճӸл
ȻǣҲҲ֪
̸еˣ·˲С
ų̬ȣ֪Ƶġ
֪ˣ̸ȻҪкõĳ룬ԼΪᵽ޷ԿصƢ罻һ°ɡ
Ŷʲô
˳Ļؾ𣿡黺̧Ŀ⼸͸˼񲻿ɿصı仯Цܰ
㣿ƾ㣿ÿЦް취СëȻҴԲѡ
ų鼸ûб仯飬ͻȻ͵ͱסƵġ
˵˵Ǻð취ҵǿԿһ¡
黺˵Լļƻˮʯ͸ڣ𽥹ѡ
һ˫۾ɵĵɴ顣
˷
˵ˣһһнԿС·˳ᢵƣǰҲò۷ƻܣǰһ˳
ּıˣôֻ˵˵أ
ֻΪ㱣ܣͰıô֪ࣿҷʲô𣿡
ͻȻЦһҷ𣿡


59 
һʻ˲࣬ƲסеԹޡ
ǰǷǳÿ춼Ҫʡ⡣
һжлᡣǶǵ˵һ䡣Һ飬Ҷʵ֡
ɸոսյ˫֣գһۣԼϾϱĿңԲܵġ
ʲôʲôȴһ㶼֪ĺ˵Ļ
ƾڵݣھҵʵǵ𣿡
Ĭˡ
뻢ıƤǴõڽϣǵ˶޷ػԼѡ
ĶһͻȻ˱飬Ը鵹һ衣
һ˵ɣ㻹Ҫʲô
ҶŵҶ쵽Ҫľ⣬ڣҪմܳƸԼٵҵݣֻҪ֪Ҷδ޺ͺá
Ķ޺ҶǰһϾֻҪѣھյòǡ
ʵǸ߿ˣҲ˵ꡭƸ
ڣһȻǼҾС
Ҳ̼֮
˵ˣҲأ֮ǰڽ͵͵ά˼ӯߵ̣һЩӯԼһЩĹ˼渵
̼֮ͬͨԽԽ˵츳ԲͣıؾӪԣģ̾뷨
ԴܳҵԳ͢涨еĿӶָƣԱ߾óǱ͸½ˮˣ̶̼仰͸ž衣ܶƻԺйһ飬·ֻҪʽλһжƵġ
һʼԳĿоЦ쿪̸ֻֽоԼĿǳˣ˵ĲŻԲֻС֮ר⣬ͻΪԼǿĶ֡
˵ҪѵǸַйأ
ʱ⴫ˣŲý
Ӧһžĳ˲ûлͷȴĸоĽŲٳ
һ룬ٵ磬Ϊ飡ǿ϶ᣡ
ԥվ˳ߣɵɻˣոտǴ㰡
Ȼǵ˭εģǸոǸβܵþȺ˭ôһֱȰȰȣҶ˵ҲҲҲҺǴҪȻ롣
Զ֪ʵݣֻڵεȼûдﵽ̶ֳȡ
һҴΪԱòݣǲֱƻṹպô죿ǣһȫʹã
ո֪ô죿˵Ѿ˺ܾˣڼӦò෢ãŸðմ
ϾͷΪĵһֱŵȽ˺£һ֪ԼжʧܣǾ̫ˣӲͷƤ̽һ£һ˻û̸ףֻ취ˡ
Ŀǰ̬ȣ񡭡
ԱߵĳĻζҪҽھֱֱ׳͵˶һ϶ҪˣǱ˵ġ
Լұܵɵˣĵܷܵôһߣû𣿸òᱻ˻Ǯְɡ
Բ𣬱磬ոҲСġҲǴһ˲Ǻܿͽסɡ
ûϵ֪ģҲ㣬ұûΪɣָᡣ
޷ڿΪ飬оҲʵĴʻݣ·𾪻ʧ뺦¶Էµĳ顣
һۣ˿ȣûΪҵȷҪǸ˳ӡ
һӣ·ܶоѾ˾
ƺҲ֪ȻǱ˵ˣ治
ͼ򵥶ˣװ֪İ˴ͶǮһ˵һ顣
˵֮󻹱ʾԼȫȨߡ
ķԼ̫μٵĳˣһֱӽ׵Ĵֱ˵
ƫƫһ䣬Ǯ飬óǰ統˰
㻹ܰСأ
Ҵ޽ٵ˵һ㶼֮ǰƶʵӡ
ҡͷЦ֪ĻΪֵأϵá
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ٱȲ裬⻰ɵĶ˶١
ԼȥĲãȻһ˶ų飬˺ǡǿһȫγӣۡ
ǱֵܻףҲСˣܶҪԼ
ȴֵģУоͺ񱻳ϴһ
ðɣһԩֻǱܵĸѣʵİ
ڡСɵı¡ΪƭңʵݳܰΧгɹ̫ѧĿγ̡
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ЦЦûж˵ʵ֮ǰµ᳤̻ʱѾֵ̻壬Գ㻹뷨ġ
ڳ㰲ȻĴںǲȡֵģΪҲãΪ˸ǴҲգҾͦġ
Ŀһ漴ͷС
һ̶ã緽ʽ͸øˡ
ͳϣԶȥ⾪Ķǵһǽˡ
ЦſţͻȻоԾ
ϵͳأ

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һ±ƵĲ鿴ϵͳ棬ڽУǾȿһ󲽣8%
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ѿˣ֮ǰװ׸ˣǲԵĿڻҡ
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˻صϣҪ̫ѧ
ǵóˣ̲סѯʣ黹ڻع˸ոյ飬ϸǲԸκβģѯʣŷӦްˡ
һһײ˳ϣո˵ֱֱӽסǲֵһʹȴǵ£Ӿˡ
üȻˡ
Ͻͳʦǰҩơ
˵ܺãĨһĨһָܺܿҪҪԣ
ҲԼȥӹҩƾʹԼͿĨһ¡һͿĨһ߾ʱĳ
뿪ʣʲôɶûԼĲıܣôһ̧ͷͿ濴ֱ۷ĵطŲˡ
ͻȻЩӦΪεʱô֪ԼǼٵ顣֪ǼðıܣҲ֪ݣˡ顯ݲþͺˡ
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˵ͣ΢üͷһң벻ͨʱ򵽵ڻʲô
һԵžͣΪˣͿڵҰɡ
龲ģû˵ΪӦˣ˫ĨҩƣʼĦֱۡ
ֱϸ𪣬׵ĵطӽ͸ܿѪܡ
۾˵һһ㡣ƺ¾ʲôƵģ
š麬ӦһĽë´ϣֱ۱ѹĵطһ㶼ۣȴ˳ָĵط裬óҪܣĪֹĸо
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鲻òҵ㻰˵˵Ϻ黹δ֪ҲţѳŵʱԽǵ˵һ飬ȥҲϵĹ̡
žˣû뵽ԼôһСڻұô
֮󻹻ҳ𣿡
˵ȻҪ㸸׵Ҳǻ˷ԴһٵĶԸ㣬ǾõòʧʱȻͲ֣̫ͬѧ誣ҪעһµģȻ˵͵Σյһ˵һ£Ϊһķ
ôˣѵѾʲôͻˣɻʵ
Ҹһܣ㲻֪ع·סһƵģſھҪй˵һͻȻͿסˡ
һ亹
ȵȣŮװ¶ڸ𣿣
ûһ̳һŮˣһСŮˡ
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ȫ֪ݵȻ̲ס֮꣬Ҫ͸¶࣬ո誵ݿǹϵܶ飬һ涼񣬱ŮһͻȻðԼǰ͸᲻жӰ찡
ڵľѾŪ˺ܶ࣬򲻸ϼˡȫǱֳĬһ˳ԭľߡ
ʲôɫ䣬ȴ˵лɡ
µߵİԣбܣڸ鷳ԼѾͷˣ˵ʲôϢ϶Ϊʲô
Խһת˳ŸոǸԵ͵ϲˣ
ɫȻˡ漴˫̽Ŀ
о˵ҲģӦܹء
ȴ鵭̽ôε飬Ҷû˵ȴ֪ѵ㡭Ҳϲ



60 
ô²иݣȻΪģǳŮ࣬òiһԼȤͨ࿴һۣ֮ǰϣڵò
ô˽誣ĵһӦҲϹ誣˲ŵ֪ϲ˵飿
鿴Ŵסü֮ѹţôɣһ¶ˣ
һȻϹʲôأôܣô𣿡
û𣿡ֱӽӻ硣
һҭϽ֣治֪Լڳжʲôˡ
ҸĲ죬죬˵ѡңˡ
ô֪ϲ˵ģ̫ѧûⷽıʾҪһһԺᣬͬס
֪ʲôһҪԲĵˣתͻȻڰڷŵ鼮
ҡһпһ飬֮ͼᣬ⻹֤𣿡
µ˵ɵˣΪЩͼķӦκһֱҲղͼᡣ
峤ϵһֻһã誣ֻܷ꣬з磬һͺܴˡϱȻڶͷһ£૵һϢ
ǳ鴤֪ѹŮˣǹȷһìܲˡ
ԭģһԽû󹬣ֻ誻зܷǺܴĺŮˣΪ˳ӱλ誻ҪߣҲһЩ
ĵʱͷƺϲѸгŮ󹬣·һֱĥƵġͬʱڸˣʲôҪɱУãҲη塣
ôһӡ
ٿڵǲŮɫôãһϿΣҲûпλŮӹϵһ㣬ǲϵŮǸδׯŵĻʹΨһǸгദĺŮ˲ӨҲûɶӴ˵ӨͦͳĲѧ£˳黹ͯԹ
Ȼûȫڻ裬̸cpıѣڰ߻þ꣬˵ԽһЩֻҪ飬˱ȻҲ顣
˼һ·̫ѧʱѾٽĿγˡ
ѸҵƽΪٵǸõ½֮˲ŻȥʰٸȥϿΡ
պſΣΧġ
ΪԱֵһ仹пλңһȥǿˣպҲǽջ
Ѿʼоˣǽͳ΢Цк
΢ЦǻعʱͻȻӦϴμǲЩε᣿
⡭飬·һѹûͥ¥ƵģȻ
ͳԱߵֱ͵ףоȻ׼ӣԼ֡
ԭѹûǸѧϰΧ壬ûм̳еʲôʱ̫࣬ѧϰ˻רѧϰִΧ塣ֻڹб仯ҪӦ
õ֮Ϳʼ壬ȻоǸԻ䣬ͷ׵ʱѣҲûдѡ⣬һĵΧʦԱ߼Ѿʼˣ黹ڸ
оԼǸϺˡ
أԱѾˣҪĶֽ̫ĺܿ졣
ȻȻԱߣǻû𣿡
һѧϰСЦ
ƽʱô壬򶼼ǲˣԺĵʱ䡣黺
ʵ֮ǰҲмĿΣûϳɣ⻹һʽء
֮󣬾ӡ
һԹ壬ſţüͷƺ˼·
ʱ˴ӱһžͽ֡
칫ӣпնһ𣿡
誡
֮ǰᵽĴ̫ѧĴǳ壬ͯ誺
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ҪˣȻҪϺ֧֣Ҳ
һδεӹã汾أ調ʼЩˡ
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ȴôһװ˧ÿŮװ϶ӺÿӣΪɶö˶˵ҪôһôڻҰ˵ѡһպĳŮˣܽһɩӡ
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൹ǲ̫٣㿴ҳˣȥıҪ𣿺ǳ磬ӣô·ûиҾûм˭µô˵껹ƵĿι֮ǰԹأҲ˲̫˰ɡ
˲ˣҲ֪ΪʲôµôǺȥˣôҰɡ
ֱӿڵ·ܶأǱ濴
ǣ칫ӣͱΪˣʲôˮƽ֪ܲ𣿡༸˶Цˡ
岻ƽһûľ棬漴ٴӡ磬Ǽ
⡭µıҪЩɥķӣò˵
ȴ·ɨһ΢΢üһԵ
ֱӶԾĬѯʵṫҺ£
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調ϴҲӮһӣҾգϰףĶ࣬һ𣿡
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Ӧǽˣҿȸ£ֶӵµĺܿ죬ᵢ顣Ӧ˵
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Щ⣬оⲻǴĳ˵Ļͬд裬ͬΪβͬأ
е㲻ˬҲûбҪһ壬Ц˵ܣϰɣȥ壬ͬд裬ա
һ㶣δھܾʶʱΧķΧǻ
ǾȥʱȻǰˣȻˣ칫ȸ°ɣĺܣ˷ʱ䡣
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˻ᱩԸˣĸѹˣ㻹ܸ𣿡ԷҲƵġ
ȷԲʱԽԭʼôϵҲͽˣη˻ԽԽ٣СҲ𽥲ˡҲǺ۸ġ
ܡñߣ˧Ȼڻе㷢òǿȦɵģҲţǸǰ˶ԱȣļһŮһѣǼ֣ȻǱ壬ǳҲ̫˵㡣㲻ǳ˧磬ǱǴ´ġ
⻰һΧɵĴЦҲ򴽣ѹŲòΪ
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ҵ𣿶ֶָԣһѡңııߴȥ
Ц칫³Źʮ֡ոµӣܳŹҽүү
ƢˣҾͳŸ㿴ԹԵӡ˵һס󣬡飬ȫԸҾͲ²ʮ֡
ΪŪЩЦãýӲļͼҾȫԸҲʮֵģΪɢԡ
УҾͲˡ֣¡ҷҪӣ
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ֻܱһȥ˻ţ߶ţ칫ӣɲΪϵͬҪʵ
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·ɱϵĽһµзͷ­Ͼöڵӡ
֪ΪʲôĪһ£ܵĸо˿˿ΣϢ
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ŸλˣոֱֻЩۣһʱûп


61 
ۣûпס
Ҷ߼ϵһʱûֻ£ʤѩĳ촽Ŀˮ⣬ü𣬼ʹɫһĻɵĹػˡ
ǵһʱֻڴǱ˵ֱۣϽɿ߹ĵ϶ԼûŪãǻȥǱһ˰ɡ
ް磬ɣֻҴ޷ṫˣҾһԿš΢Ц˵
ʲô尡߰ɣȥҴ򡣡˵žҪ߳顣
ǡһԥӡ
ȴ֣ԱƵ̲סòҪûܰɡ
ԶԶԣ˵ĶԡᣬֱӴųȥֱˡ
ոջһŵӣȴںô˵ˣĵĳ飬ǹܰԱ˽
⻰ſڳ
ֱӴųȥ̫ѧĴ򣬴͵û£ͿͿҩֻ־Ҳάһ̫áʱͺˣżȷЧ
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˶ˣô˵һº֢ԺϰѾеܵġ
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һ㶣̧ͷɻĿų飬ֱӶ˫ڰ͸ķĿ·͸һеץߡ
·Ҳ඼֪δЩ·
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ĺҪðˣ֪ǲѾʼʲôˣȻԭ̫Ҳá
Ǿ֤츳£ԺҶѧϰоȡһЩɵ˵
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ӵҲల£ûǼ顣
Ϊ̫ѧÿ춼ܼˣάֻĽӴҲͲΪ˻ʱʱ̿ճųˡϵʱ䶼Լŵġ
Ϊ˾ϴҵĽȣһԼóȥó˰æϰԼǮ֮ǰСͷ˰æϰǺܼ򵥵ġ
ʵҳѧԲѵģǳϾԼĴҵҪæҲ
Ҳֻ͵Ŭˡ
Сôӵù˫ۣҲûнҴϴεĽѵѾͻˣеǰ취ȥˡ
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ֳɹĻ쵽誵ߣԼİΣٴܵвԼѹֲס޵ܾúġ
ֹһʱ䣬ͯعȴһϢ
֮ǰԼһѧ֮ıȶݲ򵥣ǻȥԸ״Լպйлǹۿ
һ̫ѧͼˣÿλʱصֵʱЩķ治ռƵȻҪ䷽ر֣ǾƴҪֺóͯһϳĻᡣ
һ̫ˣƽΪ̫ѧĺгչֱӰ֧ϳԾ֣һһͿϳ˶лˡ


62 
ԭУûжԳ֣ͯҲûΪ˶սԭûαؾ飬Ҳ޴ӲοǰɣǻܸоǿδҪԸĿﰡ
Ȼ֮ǰҲżҲûм˭̫ѧ£ϢĳͷβҲֵĺȻ˼˭Ҳ£ָʲôʱתˡ
ƽ̸Ķӳ壬ͯ誣ңĺ²ۣͲ󣬶Ĵˡ
ֵܣʲôأⲻ̨
һϵѪҪĸӣ١ǽϵʦ͸ƽˣҲҪһ
Сӱİö񫣬ΨϰһôܷŹ
ֻǰɣϲһ˵ĻļѲУƽʱǻЩˣЩͨѧӼ룬˵ȻʵȫҲûĥϣҪϳƽʱҪϿΣⲻ֡
ǽһǳüԸµֵܣɣ㡭һǿԵġ
һֿɵӵı鿴ֵܣ֪ʼˣҲЧķᣬϿһżգϵģˣǿ԰ԸԸæ
뵱Ҳ߹ģԱءȻСѧѧʱ򣬵ǻ͵ӻں
ֱֵĻᣬ˵ܸӷء
ʾԼҪֵ֧ܵҵֵܱʾΨͣңֻþУۡ
ãܰҾ롣İ
ȥˣȥʱͷ֧龹ȻҲȡ
ƽʱʱģû뵽һϸְڣǾӮϣˣ
ŵһôֵԺᣬҵԺһǣ¿ĳ
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ûӦֱ˵֮Ϊȫϣ̹ͰĳЩεľˣֱӵͷ밡ôӦС
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鿴Ǹźӣûˡ㻹ǻȥұ˰ɡ
Ҳûܹ黹Ҫһµģ󱻷˳ƺҪҽ뿪Ƶġ
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ըˣ˾ͿʼȰ˵
á
С˾Ͳʵò칫ԼҪ𡪶ӣ빫ӵӰɡ
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ԶͿһɥıڵϣֺЦ֪ˣƫƫҪܣҲ߲
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ԽԽ࣬ٴΣûԱֻǲͣĳµļ¼
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ܺ޹ǵϳĻһļ䣬Խ̵˶µϰ
Щźˡ
ݿʼ˾Ϳʼѧϰķɲ٣Ҷʮ־棬֪ĲݰȻôࡣ
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ȥʱҾĸǰæѵԼҪĶԱֻ̫ܰȷļһｻ츳ˡ
ȻСС˼ǰôϲˣǰ˼ѵӦûΪ¶мӳɵЧɡ
ͬʱҲʵɱҺƢˣԼʺĽ
ҲƢûоֱܾǵԺᣬϾǵԺȷģʺѵ


63 
ȷһȻʼѵ
֮ǰˣദֱһѵʱ͸идˡ
ǰлһѵҲܳΪҲ˵
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ҿ㻹ʲô˷ܵ˵š
ǾʶһǿĵţҲˣоԼӦÿԻָ۷ˡ
Ȼ׵ߵ㣬ͷʱͱķշ
ڿҽһߣķ
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ûôողǶĳͶͱԼǡã˵ھǱ§ͻԺˡô
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˲гʹļȺôһֱҪĸоͬһӴȴܵ˽ֺгһ˿β
βڳĶ⧲ը·ŹƵģĳһЩҲˡ
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Եģܲô̼Щʪ·һ
ԶҪˡһֵʱ˵

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ʱİĦԼԾɷ˫ȡ
ѾĶڷźϤˣóҩ࣬ڴߣüôѵֵ𣿲һͨı
Ȼ˾ҪȫԸ𣿡
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˵һ䣬̫ǿĿģ˵ˡ
ڶϣټʱ򣬸оԷ̬ҲûзϣòֻȽС
ƫִԸе鷳
ϴҼĥϣԽԽĬмϢʱҾȥ֧Ǳ̽鱨
Ǳռ̫ѧڵϼ֣еĻṦȻ޵УԼȷ棬ҲʵġŽ̫ޡ
Һ͵˹ˣǿٶҲûõģǾһģǣ
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ͯǴ󷽷ǿһֻĿȸ㿴ӣǡȻˣ͸ǻ³
ұһƣﳤȥŪͯһɱΡ
Ǳߡ
һôǲһһˡ
ǺǡЦҲ˵ǰٷְһǺпǵһ
ʲô˼ȵ
ǶȻûи֣Ĭʮн齨ʱ䲻Ķ飬Ƶġ課³ȫڳָӣ侲ķͲס쵼˵ЩĶԱöȫǳ֧Ԯ
ȻȫΨһվͬһ̨ǶµŮˣ
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Ҳǰ㲻㣬˵춼ӲãǷӳأϹ˵
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˵ѵǻܣϣλҪ·һĴ
ԶŵĺȲ裬߿
ҺһôȻûã㲻ϳҼǵ֮ǰҲ
һ仰˲ɫ࣬ݺݵضزס빫ӷģܱЩ˼ʹϳҲֻᶪ۵ǿ
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ֱסҾͶҲûлڻǰ¶ǿ
ȻһҪѪı顣
ҴЦ뿪ˡ
ĵıͲѾﵽ˼㣬תصߡ٣ܲϳһ
Ϊҿⲻϳ𣿡誷²豭źĿ񡣡֪Ҫ֣ҪӮҲҪСʧ󡣡
ҧÿֱ죬ǿٶ豭֪ˣðҲֻϳһվȥ


64 
׼ʱܿûˣһϿʼ̫ѧʹڻڵķΧСææµµģֱ˴ţ˵˵ˡ
ȥӭӣԽδĳʮֺ棬һվڶУĴֽյѧǸȡ
Ⱥһ۾ܿվһ𣬸ѧӲͬȻվֵȺУȴһ˴һռƵģûʲô飬·޹ء
ջߣе㲻Ҷ࿴˿̳ϵı飬ԼȽȻԹԵĵۣ˵ֻôԵֶѣϾȽϷԭ߼
ջעתŮѧǱߣŮѧǶǵױĨƽʱ˲٣͸ž£ϾŮѧĿĻΪһ׮ԼܸԵǵۣǾٺò
ƣѵһȺްҲˡҵ٩
ֻǼ򵥵Ŀһ۰ϺļŮޣȷ΢һ¡
һעܿͱ̫ѧ˲Өܷסˡ
ܷʵͦģòϽΣڸһЩܷȫ޹˼ˣľޣ޶ףոɢŶĿĹâڶ͸¶ѹȺźͰ
Өȫͬķ񣬲ҲüĿ续ˮܽأԼ̬ǱһվһͼȴͱˣĿ͸ǳЦӯӯԱŮ˵Ц
˵ܷһ۾ͣǲӨԽԽ͡
մҸ࿴ǲӨΪܷʱһϿΣǲӨȴѵһġ
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ׯһȰңѽһ֮󣬾˴ע͵Ѻʤˡôһһܶעǰ鶼࣬һˡ
׷ǰĶע˶٣
ȻбҸɵԩͷ𣿡Цĵ٩ͱԱߵļָָ˱
ͷһʱɵˡ
Ҳˣȵǳ齲ˣ
ǳ鴤Ȼ֪ԼС⣬ĺ𣿾ֲ֧ͺ𣿸ϸŵһͷ׵ķ򰡣
ʱעʱʲôǸɵӲıɡ
һϳЦֻһơ
ʱ̨ܿѾˣǰĸ̨ϻǿŵģڵǵ˵룬ǲŻ
ѾʼԱˣһţһ߿ǷǱߣ֮ǰͱѡеǷԱڼǷƵ档
ȥ䣬ǿŷ紵鼸ƴϵĺڷ;Щˣǲ˶Ⱥһ𣬾һһҵĴڼǷ棬糤ʱ䴵ŻЩ䡣
վڿ̨˳ȥµţܺ
˳ȥ죬ȵõ·Ϳ˹˶һۣͳ΢΢һЦǷ΢Ц
ˣҲ֧ǣܲٶ౧Թ
Χҵ𣬻һ̨Ԫǩȱʤٽס
һͯͶˣǵڶҺ誡


65 
ͯǰ񣬾ͿʼŸԵĶһʱ䣬ʽʼ
ҵĽһƺƴȫռȨͯϵõÿζܻΣ㻯ⲻˣǿŽͯڡ
ŭͯȻһЦƵ򣬡ˮ׼
ҵҪǲʲôܽӵסºݻתʼһֵĽͷ
̨ϵӴʱΪɣЦ˵̫Ӹʹһлʤϣ
ͦǿġԪǵȴĶųڣҲԾս֣й¶ĵĽš
ȴ޹˼ɵȻͯĶ飬ȳĶˣǾʧȥˡ
Ԫ΢΢ü¶ã׻ǳסô˵Ƕ鶼иԵ油˲ϵĲµľС
̫Ҫ𣿡Ӳ
ԪѹסԼƢøһȵֻۣûҪʤֵܿԶĶĿ˭ʤ˭ʤˣн͡
°̧øˣԱߵҲ¶Цݡ
Ƕ֪Ԫǲĵġ
Ԫǵ̫֮󣬾ͱСĽκҪӮĳϣֻһССϷаٷְٵİգԲ롣
·ֻҪĳĳӾͻҪƵġ
ӲװǻƵԪǣתͷӵһģ˭ʤ
ЦҶ֪ǱߵȤĻҾäһѣѺ硣
Ӳм˵ƸԼ̨׵ΪҾͶľԲ誵Ķ顣
ϵЦһԴӵţƢǲѽҪôģͲƽˣ
УҾͶһ誰ܣֱ˵
λڸ̨ϽɱవԱͬĹԱ̫ѧͷð亹λĹϵѾеĻҪıˡ
ϳϵıǸҡ
˫Ȼ˴˶ûиԷ÷ֵĻᡣ
ƾеıˡ
ʱǰʱļȵʤʱ䵽ˣû֣˭ָȡʤ
˭ӮһͬԱߵ
ֱӵͯ
ͷҲôá
ӢͬͻȻһ
е죬ͷһ󾪣ֻվˣһ½۵Խһ¾װĻ䡣
Խ磬ôˣȵ
ִк
ⲻ˵̫ѧֿ𣿷£͹֡ԽЦһ£أ
һܻǾǳųģȻ䶼ҪΧתġ
ָǿǱ߰æƷּʱ
ۣǲеˣԽЦ
ϳɻǵóǻģ˵ó˶ǡ
ƽʱӱȽҪһֱĻһ㶼μӡʵǼȻˣȥ̨Ǳ߼𣿡
Խڰֵ鷳Ǿ͵ġ
Įɨ˸ֺ̨ܿջߡԳĬʾҲܾ
ܿϵһ÷ֳˣͯµġ
³ȲסˣڼҵĽ£ѹԷҲܿһ֡
˫ҩζѸӿڿʼײŴķûôϸԾ˱ײڵأֻҪܼҲֹͣ
ܿȶֻ鶼˽һˣԼѾڿˣ
ƽ̶ȥˣȻûϸĹ涨ǰϱһִ³˶ͺܲŹˡ
ƽ̳ŷ϶ˣһʤڶ
Ѿɱ۵˫ûᣬһ򣬳ȴǱͯ˾Ȼ
ͯһԶףĬ˾һַ˲죬һγ˻طˡ
һţȫ
ֱͯһշӵ
˵ˡ˵Цֱ³ͯף˵ǡ
ԪλϣɫӲȻⲻˣǳˣˣҲ޹⣬սǳġ
ûõĶûбʤİգҪܣ
ʧǣЩηת̨ȴһ˫ѹŭŵõ£ǶΪ۵ģǰ˼ȥ
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Ҳûκα仯ȻǶӳİţκɣǼҪϳǰӲܶҡġ
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˵ΪʲôͻȻͣ£ɻĿ䡣
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˽Կϳûо忴һˣ·ͨЩ˿ңԶĹȥЩǼҸĻ档
ϵľ沢ûһֺֽܾãڳ誵ָ£ǵıʮ˾ޣǸոϳޱ˳һ֡
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˿ķڵҲˣ̲סͷɥٿ誶˶־ŵ誸Ƶĺһڲ裬߹ŵЦݣ·һнУгȽƵġ
̨ϵ̲סüһԵĴӣȻڣʲôóٲĶҲܱǿЧ
һҲν
̨£ֱӶûϳıҪˣܿ
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ҿδءԽͻȻЦⲻǻ𣿸οòҲɵӡ
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˲׵ڳƷʩ
ԽЦȻȫסֻҪֶԱ߱סϲ
ϸ˿Ȼ֧üģĽѾƻ
ȤȤ̫Ȥˣû뵽һһͷСӴˣĲ󣬵ȴԶ޷ӣû誵ָӣǾһɢɳ
ɰ̲ס
ıԣߴߴ磬֮ǰٶ࣬¶û뵽˼һԴͷסĲӣͺһͷ±˵ĽһҪˣҲԼûпǵҵԽô
˵ţһȻĸҵ˻ᣬһһ֡
Ѿɫ࣬˶վߵĸ޲óǰƵļһ
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ǶûһԵƽЦ룬͸ˡ
ôΥ𣿡̲ס
ô֧ԮΥ棬ǵס֧ԮˣӺЦһܣҲ̫аⳡԼǳҲôеʱ˻Ǳ̫װȽϺá
ӼʹƽʱƱ磬һҲ֪˵ʲôˣֻ
ҲżϾӵĻʵ࣬誵ĶҲһ䡣Ԫ֮ǰ˴ӣӼ⣬ԸһʤôӺӶڶ
ûԮͷԮԭʼıʽ˫ƾеʱľǿʱˡ
Ȼһ֮ûվߣԷһ˿ͻ룬誶µڶ֣鼴ʹʧȥҲ𽥻ָơ
һ־ҪˣȻҲͻˡ
ʱҪˡ
ȫɻע£ǰżˣҵ
ȵЦʲôʱҵķţô֪
Ǹֺ밡ԽЦĿţӳո˵ʱˣĺ𣿡
һŵĺϾ࣬Ҳ֪
Խͻ䶼ȵĿҡ
һȥǼԱʱ򣬳ͻȻҸǰҳ⣬ԭҶҪֱϵģǳ˵ҪӮ誣ұ㡣
һѵǵס誳֧ԮԽȵ
ҵͷڶȲϳȵҪʤʱϡ˵Ƕ
˵꣬˶ͬʱĪˣôôжϵģͻȻѹô
ԽܿȻǻƺš
˵䣬Ҫϳˣһ͵飬һߺҵôİŰ
һʼȻҲǵʱûпܿҵ񣬺ħһ鲻Խľ͵ͷͬˣˣ뻹֣ͺĻһܳɹƵġ˵һˣʣһ뿿ˡ
ϳ̨Ϻܿ챬˱Ȼаֲϳ


66 
ôؼʱˣһӵĶԱ³һ油ϳ
һڳ˭֪Ϻ
ǰֵ·ͬʱÿ˵Ժг֣߸ˤһſϳȷҷˣ
Ƕ۷׷ףȻⳡˣоʲôͷ
ǰϺĺӸܵΧ˵עĿͳ
Աߵ˽̲סĽ㣬綼ûϳôˣ粻ǲ𣿴᲻ᡭܶ⻹λӿء
ޱȵҲҲѧϡ
⻰û˵꣬ԱŮӳ
绹𣿡
ò빫ӹϳİɡ
ޱĹϵӲ⻰ϸӲÿˣҪʱ򣬾ԶӴ̶
Ҫճ칫ӣΪһ򣬹빫Ӱŵġ
ޱһͷȻӦСӦСֻҪһҪʹ죬˵㣬˵硣ӦСٺ˵˵
˵ˣҪȻƾˮƽϳ𣿸칫ӵĺȣӦСпΪδķȻЩҪֶβˡ
һԲϾͳͻȻΧľһ˿ϳ
ޱϰ
ôû˵ô㲻֪𣿡
һβʺͳˣޱ㵵ĿųУȻ޷ش⣬˫ֱĶڳϱܵ·Ǹ˸Ƶġ
ֻոϳȻһ˹أһתɱܿ漴ˣֱӰߣԽȽסôǿĿˮ׼һ˶Ȧˡ
Ǹӷ׵Ļ׾
ͳһϾȻ֮࣬ǰϣɫһȻܿխˡ
ǲ˺ܶࣿ˷·ֱһ̲Ƶġ
ܶʱͬһ磬ȻͣٶеʱΧ˶Ӧڱ˼ˡ
ǲܵĺܿ죿ٶȻǰڹһ˾͵
Աߵʲôͼ򣬶ܱܿһͷ
ŶĺڷԵɼˡ
õͬСһ㣬ŵҽţת͵͵š
ôܻϵģ
е˶ŵĶųϣ·ѾҪǾҪôͻȻͱˣ
Ķֲаֱ˰˲䲻Ϊ϶ᱻߵʱźһֱ̧ȥΪֹײһ
˲ѻᡣ
Ҳû˷ѣĬסȻ̧䡣
ݵһһƫбĽǶײ˶Էš
ֳ˲䱬ҵĺ
ոô£
ǡĻ𣿡
ǡɡ
ǣôú񡭡
ɻҶѾյĴ𰸡
ֻһųҴͷס˱סһţԾš
ǸȫӴһ˷ܼߴԭĶֻоʮֵˮ׼һٷ֣
Ǻ󲹣ǾԮ
Ҳ˷ܼˣոջЩţȴоһǳɵ˳ҵʱϿ񱼵ɺͿ֡
תͷǷ£վΪǵĶһ֣תֱֱĶߣЦ⣬һ˲оõϿƵģ
˲ߴ
عͷЦŻƣȭĬһ֣Ȼû⣡
⻰˵ģҲ𣿿ңֹһ󣡡ԱЦ
Уһ㡣
ǻӮΪɡ
ԶոջЦŵĳȴЦˣָĦϵװΡ
Ժ󡭡Ҳͬһ֡
ӮϣˡЩȵˮƽԼ߷ȻôΪʲôһʼأŪ˵ʲô
ŻͷԵӣԽ͵Уڱ֮ǰ϶Ǳ˴˵ģոϳǰ˵ķӦ֪ǲʵͻȻôһ£һ˶ᷴӦҾȲѣοǱϵĵأɵЧʵԷʵһʼϳ
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ԽЦŵͷԣʵһʤȽϺãûаһܳŵȶʱֻǰˡٿأ˭ʤ󣿡
ȻҵĶ飡һȻôŤתˡ䲻˼ϾһʼָӵĶʱҶ϶˽֡
ԽЦſǷˣҲ˵е˵ȷһʤ
䲻˵ǡ
ԽֱӵǩģҪ֧Ӯ͵ʱ취˼ɲʲô˶еġ
誶黻һ֮󣬱ٶȿʼŵʱˣȶ˭һ־ܻʤ
˫Ƥȴ˭ҵġ
һóϵļ˹ȥۿžҪһˣסڳ´һʱһ˲ס·ߣȥ䣬ȴŽסʧܡ
ȥصʱ򣬿һۣ˫۾ҲĶ
ƻ߷ֻ̣ǾĺܴŮˣϳһˣһһı
ȻʧܣƻҶߵġ
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һʱ򼸸˾ͳײһ顣
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Ҫܹȥҵĺţأ
Ϊҵĳ£¶ԷѾƽţٶȵƼ첹ȱϺһ
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ۿҪϽȥסԱȥ˲λá
ұ˵ϣֵԲֵܣѵϣ費ģ
ҧһѣԼҪˣȥúÿʲô֢
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ûж˵ңһʤ㣬ұ̧ߵʱȴѾ¶˾ģһҪӮ
תȥŻѣ·ʱ򣬻һסעԷ»ˣǹġ
ȻոյǸ˺ҲԼѵǲղסţ
ȻŻ䣬˲ӿŭȻĵͷ漴Ŷϳ
¿Ϳʼ۷׷ףϾˣͲһˡ
пʤ̬ȴЩȣܵתͷǷµĳ顣
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ٶȴ죬µʱ֪࣬ǲΪǸר˵ļһһֱΧתüΣоԷҪߵԼˣ
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ʱһȻһ§˶̧˫ȣת˸Ȧ
һ£˾ȻΪûߵոմܿͬ顣
һֱӰͬߵ÷һͷҽ֮ǰһҪҡ
±ֱͣ˵ļһҲƵģ̱ڵϡ
ٴΧһܹȲ鿴ǸˤҵģϾСȲܶˣҶˡ
ⳡ涼˿ɵˣͷԼˣ
Ϊ˶·ƽϢַ
֣磬Ҹ簡ôģҷֵʱˣϲĵɴ˫ۣҪһ£ڷϵ˿ܾˡ
зŭոȥ
û¡ͺá
Ҫ˵ʲôͻȻȺ˴ӺסһͷͿ˳顣
ôţȡ
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ҡҡͷصˣ˲³̫鷳ˡ
ۿŴѾ鵽ȣƿȿȴû£Ϊܰѱ˵߳
һܼ֡˲Ķͬ˵ԲҲǹġ
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鷳ͻȻ鿪ڵ


67 
ɻĿȥͼͻȻһЦȻһ£һûվȾײ׼Ĵϡ
ȴһȵ磬ոǲҲߵˣôվˣ
һɱεųǲʲôƻҪϷҪҪװһˣȴһסûҪص˼˳Ƶ˳ĻС
ײĴȴһѽҵ֡ʲôѽ
˵۽ȥͿΪʧ⣬˵ļһܵҪֳһǼһû˵ȣһȴ۵ôᣬֶŤˡ
ֱдвԣ;ȵĺҲƿȵĿš
˲һƤͳ˵ǰ
ףףϰƤˣҶһ˴󺰳˲ȫȻ
ƽ̶סˣֱ³ϳ˴˳ײ⣬ŹˣǾ޷̵ˡ
̨ϵĴѾʼˡΪӮǲֶΣһͯĶԾֺãô
⡭Ҳ֪һ˵ɣԪǳοǳЦѾУ˭óˡ
ʱӵɫѾѿأھͺߵ˰誽й
ʱȻ𾪵ϳǰƤѾѹסĴŭĿӡ
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誣ƽ̿˲ŭ⡣
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˵Ǹ誻ģһ£˲Ͳһˣֻĵͷ
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ǵʱõȣǸոװ۵ȴȣǾ֤ڹʲô͵
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ƣתŶԷţӭ
ֲҪܻȥأ̬
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˶ûϹ֪ıߣʲôߡ
ȻһǸߴ
ߵĵطǡ·Ծ𣬼ͬʱġ
һ䣬ǿõĽǶȣȴѹûмơ
Ҫţ
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ǱߵĻҲȻվܣǸŷǡ
Ƿµĳüͷ΢΢Ŀɨ˸̨ϵӡ
£Щˤ׼һֽܹס˹һţסʱٿķ
ǶϢԴԷ黹ûüӦ
ݵһԽ˵ͷֱš
ŽӦȥˣһָɹֱӴţײ˺ǽϣһԴ誽¡
һУ֡Ҷʤ

ȫѻȸһ
ӮˣŵĿ
͵ĵͷӮˣ㣡
ӮˣӮˣ˶һѱס󣬿ĵѾԣ
ȫΧɱȸոո˷ˡ
ڼҪƷϳźУֱӱ̧ס
ʲôСʲô֮񱣬ʲôѧӵܣһ̶Ҫˡ
𣿼иϤ˶ᷢʣҲڳҫ
ǼʶһļһһʿյĿļһ
֮ǰڳ˴˿̶ߺЩûпڵ˷̡
ޱ·һ˳ӶӦСһʵԼҲãȻˣĶ磿
ڱһΪֵķΧУʤ
罫Ҷӣͯӽб
ͯǰ󷽵˵ϲǰһû뵽ǾȻôûңҲָǻ飬Ǿܵĵһ֣̫С
û˵滰ֱӹֵҶ͡
˵ţͻȻһͻأӰǵĸǰһ̫ࡣ
̫Ǹڻߵģô
²ǲʲôģ̫˵ֹūߣ̫ӵҪ㣡
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ΧĽĿ⣬һõ̫ӵˣļӷְ
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üҪ˵ȽСۡ
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ԶĳȻҲһĻתߡ
һûϢͥԺ
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ǱĽ׶Σȴû
ɻ
˲ĳĬںͻȻǰŵԪǻڵ˭һеģ
һ㶣̫ӵµĻ˵һУ
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ֱһʶ⣬Ϊɶ
˵ǵţѧġ
˵ôԼƣǶ˵ˣ֮ǰϣ϶Ǹѧģ߿߹˵㵽׿˭߳ĽŷԪּ٣·ǳš
ҸҽѧİСѧʦ˵ʲôЩΪһȵȡһ·Щڻôֻһ֣ǾǸйء
ˣһᵽֻһǻ䣬һǡû˵꣬Ϊɶܶģʳ߹Ϊ˲鷳Ҳһа
ʲô簡һžȻ־Խŷˣ
ѵǶ̫ˣȺô𣿶ѧ᣿ҲԡŴû¼ֻǿһΡְֽ̡
˼ʱ򣬸ոȴͻȻص˶ץһ飡
ȵȡСҲǰϺ֮ӣǷʲôҪԴϽƣ취һ£һ㣬ҪȻҲҪˡ
ŷֹֻһΣ˻ᣬԵ˭ģ㡭ԪҪʡ
ͻȻ˴Ժӣҽ̵ģǶˣһУѧˡ


68 
ڵ˲䱻⡣
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ܿ죬һͦθսѹ˵Ӱ˽
һ㶣Ȼǻ䡣
Ȼʶģ׳ˣȻҲʧ
һ
䣬ո˵ʲôʶԪָŹŵʵ
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ǿЦһƵĽŷ֮ͬ񣬾ôĳٶȳ𣿶С֮ġ
ŻĻȻЩΣǸոսŵȴ
Щȵ͵䣬ģȻʲôɵľٶΪʲôôΪ˰ڻǰ˵ѣҪǲ˿Ǵ
̵ģѧǴϽ̵𣿶Ҳûпùɻ
Եˡֱӵ
ӺԪǶԻ̬ʵвǲֱӸֵòģڲҡ
ԺĽŷĪҪãɲҪᡣЩõ˵
кβ𣿡䷴ִ
֪ǡ˵ҭˡʵûʲô涨Ҫˣֻǻ𲻿ĵ顣
Ǹ˵֣˭ԸģΪԶԪĳϣΪжԹȥһĲţǲǸˣͺǸȫͷ֮ϵ˲ڣǾͲñεѹѹš
ˡԪѹסƢȻһжᣬˣûбҪ۲ݣȥɣոŵĶԺ׼ãҲ֪Ϊʲôǡ
ȻǹӦ£Ҫ뿪
䱾ǹģȻѾɣǾûбҪˡ
ƺҪ
䣬ԽӦǸһ˰ɣȻˣ͹ͬһɣȥԪǿ˵Ѿȸոպ˺ܶࡣ
ӺҲһ̬ȳ롣
ϪԽҶǼᶨıʵһֱκλ£һ̳˸Ұһ㣬ãκ˵ʾҲмһˡǲòһһһĴɶõ˲ţᵽΪǲ볯øоϧ
һεİ˵ǣ֪вôΣյĶܰãֱ飬ǼȨǴ
е˶˵볯ʱգȻվٹٵλ
˲бģ˳˭ǽǷǳ档
еҰĵˣ˭ۺأ
ֻϧǧѱ
ԻǷŵ̬룬ϰΪͷüƴǵҵȲŵǵˣڿ̨Ǳ⿴ͺá
ԪȴǰһѾòˣǶþûɣ
Щ˵УԪǸԽ죬Ͼǵ궼һԪȼתСƨ档
ֻǼ֮󣬻Խͼȥʹˡ
ԪһֱΪӦûƫԼȴһֱͶϣĿǷ˽õʱԪʵЩŭĸ󣬳̼Ҷȡ˲ڻǽܴİ
Ҳ֪ߵҲȡԽ䣬Բѻøǡ
һԿżӷѾ䣬̲סĴָôû̵Ӳ֣Һýǻǳ飬еһ˻λñôӵΪ
ЩҲǲ̫ӣߴߴ磬֪ԽһģѵԽǴֻҪԽӦʲô飬һͦǾԲԼģӲʯͷʱҲвġ
⼸ｩ֣ŪҲ޷˳ȥֻܸɿš
ˣ֮ǰʲҪԽͻǵǳһģӻҵһڡ
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ôֱӵķ벻ýʲôˡ
һԻ֣ôᶨĲȥԭȴڵ̵ʱΪġѵмʲô
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ǵһԺҲûʾһ
ʱĺľȼ̿¶Ƚϸߣ֮˶Ծ̫ˣĸûš
λûб飬ԽңҾиˡ˵ŹҪߡ
ԪǼ粻飬Ϊ̫ӵԼֱǲӣһؿڣҲֻܷܰ¡
һڿˣϽϻĲҪš
Ȼ۵һžǻҵĽ˲ӿ̫ࡣ
ͻͷһʱʧɫ
ͷ̫Ҵ̫ӵˣ
ֻոջúõԪǣȻϵѪѾˤϡȻʶɫѾҰһƬԵʮֲء
һʱͥԺһţڸڵƽҲ˸˹ŵȶˣţô£
˭Ҳ֪ʲôӺӼͬʱ˶Էг˶ԶԷķ
ӸߺͥԺΧס׼ҲʾлôЩ·˶ȹĳµԪǡ
ͥԺΧˮйͨͻȻҲ޷뿪ֻܿ䡣
ǰĳŪˣ̲סѯʻ䣬ô£岻𣿡
ôֻ֪ǸȥѡüͷŻŻѪԪǣȥ֮ǡ
϶˰ͶˡϾ书ǿģ˷䰵ʲôģһᷢ֡
Ҳüһ漴ü̲ס²۵òǸոձİɡ᲻ᱻﰡˣǳ۵ģ
ֱӳһۣһûأôУȫֻ߳һңһѾˣ
ǳ鴤Լģ˵ԩԩ
̲סüͷΪʵĿûп츳
ţһݹԼϰģ˵ҲûôѰɡ̲ס²۵
ߣǲ֪ǵһμʱжྪ棬Ҷѧûսǣֻû뵽Ҳڶ飬ܶ䶼ǴˡƾżӲ˳ˤġ
֪ˣӦԪȼϳһΣûüȺСԶսˡֻ֮лһ˼ֲиѧˣԪȼ£Ҷڸйصļ䶼ٴȻҲٱ
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ҲɡΪʲôѧҲûжĺ棬Ҳ˲ֹǣֻǴѾұֳѡ
ˣллҡôģ
С
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˲סң
ͷ·ûʲô쳣ı֡
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ֱӿʲôôӵùԽ˫ۣ
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һߣԽͥԺĲԶȴš
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⸱ڸԽۣһЦ£˵˵ɣô֪Ǹŷ⣬ǻΪģ֮ǰڽ𣿾ھǶûл
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ı硭Խ˵ЦЦһȴͣסƺ뵽ʲô
ĵճ֪ûʸۿеҸͬڽϡ
ԽɫЩѿˣͺסһǡһ޷֤ͷɡ
鲻ԽıԹ֪ԽԽԽˡԽ̫飬Ҹڴ룬ô˼ֻҪһ˿ɣȥ֤Լݱ޼ѰٻɣֻҪϣԽҲûޡ
ĥȷɳĺˡԽͻ䵱곤꣬ҲͻһսǳսУ͸׷ȥſһ
꾩ǵв֮󲢲٣Ǿž޺Խͻ䵱Ҳֻǳé®ΪҫǳЩ˹»ҰԶͱһˡ
ҪһУֻġ
ֻǻôûа˴ȵЩͷˡ
ͻȻԶͥԺһɧܿ˳ͥԺȥ
Խɫɵ˰ɡ˵꣬żܹȥ
ûʸ񿿽ҲֻվΧ۵ѧ֮С
Ҳڣǰʵô£أôûгѵ
޹ءֻǵһ䣬ûм˵
ܿ죬ͥԺϢ
̫ӵԪǣ̫ѧжˣ


69 
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ûϴɣжȿڡ
ϵĺͷԣжˣڵµѾȶ֮ǡ
еʲôƽǰѯʡ
⡭Сѧղ鲻Ϊѵ˵
ϹĳͷҪ£ովʲôڳЩˣɣץ
ֵõ1ɫѿոڳĿɾǼ
ƽǰȰ裬ϱʵۣգ̫ѧҪˡ
ţϴԪǵ
ƽ̸ϽǰԪȻɫҰܣȴ׺֮ɫһ˫ѾѪȻǱողѪĲ״ŵˣһ㡭һˣ϶ҪɱҪ̫֮λ
°̫ѧȫдͻʳ²飬˭Ҫ£ҪʬΣ
󼸸ַ·ѪƵģڳ˶ɵз˻⣬Թ
ȫ½ڻʵƿűλߡһŭҲǷͬСɣһСǣоͷء
ӺӵɫѿոԪǿĻ˼Ѿˣǻû֣Ҫ
ڴʱ洫Խ
ƽ̷·𿴼ϣƵģϽԪǵ£Խǲ鰸֣е¡
Ļ⻰ȴüͷԪȴǰһԣҪ۵ư˭ȵùԽϽ˴Խ
ԽһĿɨվڽĻǶû£תߣԪǸǰ
£ô¡ԽֳһǳԾӣԪǺãڰ֣ƽ̾͸Ͻǰ˵һ¡
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ԪǵĲݸŭ㲻£
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ȻǵġȻзԪǻסû˵û£ˡ
鰸Ҫϸ񣬻ø޹ص˵ȽϺáԽֵ
ԪǵɨӺӣǵ鲻֡
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һֲ𣿡
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˹͵ģǸ޹أͲ¡
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Ǹ˴һɡԽ
ŶһȴѾתתˣԪж˭ֱʣΪԭľУҶԣ϶ɵģǰλʴҲͳͳɣȨıǸӣͲ⶷֮УȻҲ͸ֻܵȴ
ܿʿɽΧסһֻӷɳȥ
һͰڵԱգֱȥͬķţѧǶ忴ͳһĵطһţе˶֪²
涼źúʼֵ飬ԽͻҲ
µȻǸϤҪһ鰸ҪȻЩǻЩŵġ
ԾɱͬɾֻܾԼˡ
ԽͻͬǣһڸڵС䡣
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Խһ£ı϶ǿˡ
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Цһ˵˵ҲûСҿ㣬ڹв֣ųﶯ֡ǵвǾϲЩС𣿡
˵˭أЦͯͳϣһγҿԤıģ
ͯͳϣʲôΪҲʾĻ
ˣһǵճӣһܳĺӣСԷʲôҪҪʹһ˵˵Ų
Һѯʴ˻ҩζ
ã̫ҽǱߴϢѾʲôˣҲЧĲ¶ֱ˷䡣
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ԪѾ·ɫ԰׵λϣ̫ҽһʩ룬ȻԪҪʡ
Ѿˣ̿бҩ̿ȼ𽥳˷䣬Żж
⻰һӺӶˣǶжˣ
һҩֻоһõиогںҶˣڳҶеʸ̿еҩ໥Ӧͻɶշ˴ŻѪ̫ͬӵ°ѻӳɶصѪһЩʱվָܻˣȻء
𣿡Ԫҧʵ
̫ҽЩ˵ֻܽر𲻺õġܻŻѪ
Ԫֱӵ絶ͲһƵġԿ϶Թµİɱ䣬˵˵Ǻп
ǰʹͷһҶǹйƷ̫ӵ³ʳõģ¶֮˱Ȼ֪һϰԣһ֤˲롣
˻һӺӵɫͱˣÿ˵İòͬϲҶֻԪǡԹеҶġ֪ԪǵȻǹˡ
ڶʹƽˣ̿ϵȵ̿һ̫ѧڣƽ̶ʹãǴţԱԱϼõʱʹáЩ̫ѧжĹ涨ģһʮǰģ̿ĹӦǡ̡
˻һոջûзӦ˲һ¡
һ̣˵Ŀⶼӵϡ
ϲ͵
ṩϢṩ̿һж
ܣԲܣں˵˵żı⡣
ԪȴĿĿ
չ̫ͻȻˣתͷԽȴԽ΢΢üĿǰж̫Ƶġ
ܿ誾ͱûκλţһ࣬һ˫۾ڳڳġʵΧ۵ʱ򣬿ȥ̿誾ǰ׼ҲԤһЩ
ܽһ顣
誹ڵֱӵ˵û̫ѧ̿һֱһҵ̣̿¶һǣ϶ԻһֱĹôܻı̫ӵء
ԪͲ߳ˣȥôƱ硣
һᣬ뿴λ¾Ҳǽյ飬̿ʮǰģѵ̵Ļƻδ֪ɣ
誳侲ȵһ䷴ʣ˲öϵɶˡ
̫ӵµĶǶֽ̿ŵ˱ȻҲ⼸춯֣ǽգҲ˵̫ѧ˶ɣΨǵûУ
˶Ϊ誵ķһ
Ҳǹֱ֮̿˿ֱⷿ˳Ҫṫӵ˵¶ֻǽ쾭˵µģǾֻһֻбó̿жûóЩϵ̿϶ûжġ
˵誵ɫѾˣȻѾ֪˵ʲô
ǾǼ飬еϵ̿жǽ¶˲ӦôһٵΪǾֻпǵ˺͸صµĶ
ƽ̽ӻص̫ѧ˼ʮߣƣδ̫ѧ̫ѧҩҲûдҩûŪ
ųеĲܣǾֻ֮ǰ˶һֿˡ𽥷
ɫɫһ𽥻ָ򶨣һ̿͵;˵֣Ƕ޷ͳơ˵Ҹո˵⣬Ҳûͣôǰʮ֪Ҫأ
ôܣͯͳԼһǰ飬ֻҪҪ飬ȫһµʱ취պǹոڸڸӵĶԻ˵
ŭɶ̫ӸԼҪģպ壿
̫Ӳ˵ڰ˵Ҫˣֻɶѡֱӷ
Ǻˡ⡭ֱ֮ôǰһһ˱ˣǰ𣿡
ո̫ҽ˵ˣֻеȼ̿𣬼бҩֻкҶ̫ӻзӦһҲʧʲôһˡҲ˵һáӾ޲ֱӰ
һ˵ھͰȷеĿָܶϣϳĶ
ȴﲻԣģȻô׾ٵıҲ̫ˡ


70 
ʮǰ̫ѧϵ̿ҩȴſܵԪʹã̶жƺҪԪǵ
ķ£ӳûɿҪʵ
ڵһʱŵ˼㡣
ʱ˿̣誾Ȼת˻Ҳ֤ϵˣ˵֪̿ҪֶˣοЩҲƶϣƾЩƶϣͶ϶϶̫ӵ£ʵ
ҡҪ̫ӵ£Ȼô׵ı鵽ϣ̫޴ݺ
ʱҲˣʵ̫ȷǲǸǿƵĸװһСǼȻ˵⻰ץסᣬûһݺ䲻ôֱӶó֤ݣ
˵ŻöݺݵӣҪ˵ݺȻˡ
΢ѾȥµԱһ飬̫ӵ£΢ܣʱֻô࣬黹ᡣ
ʱܲ鵽Ķֻô࣬誷ݣҲȷ޷˵ϾһлҪ֤˵
ڵոˣҸ˼͵Ԫǵһ仰
ͻȻվߵԽˣ£һԡ
һֱϢԪתͷԽȻͷβ޹أԪȻԸ˵˵ϾĿûжվΪıߵġ
ȻļȵҪһӺ誣һѪɲܰµģĶ
Խ˵
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ҲһҵĹƵģ̫ӵ£΢ҲԽӵ顣
ƽȻôֻϽ̫ѧаȥԽ⻰ǰ̫ѧ
£岻ʣʵڲ˲ͣȻ̫ҽڴˣײڹĺá
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ٽʱ򣬴Żһ뿪̫ѧͬʱ뿪ĻĳͯԼϵˡ
ҲںԽͥԺ˳
ֻԽһµӣôˣ
ԽͻȻڵո˵̿һգʲô
ĪĿԽָ޹أѵǻҪṩʲôڳ֤ǻæİӣȻͻȻˣȥҲϣ;Сӵıȥ̫¥Էġ
СӡȵĿǣҲˣһ첻Ǵɹ룬Լڼҽһ
ǡһ졣Խɫࡣ
ôţ̫黵ˣʧˣĿ
ԭֻǿЦԽȴͻȻüҡͷ·벻ͨƵģܡһ̫ˡ
㱾̫࣬ɹȻô˵ţַסΪҡͷվȵԽҡˣҪɵˡ
һֱĿԽҲ֪ʲôֻͻȻǰһ䡣
߿ȥͿԶǳ
߽һ˲䣬İ
ʮֵģǣϽǰѯʡ
ǿ˶ˣǲǾûˣʵ
ͷţ͸޹أ֮֡
ܿˡ
˵û£һֱһ˳
ڻۣϽϣ꣬һûԡ¾ͱˣȻȥһ£ܺˡ
ҲȰǸϽȻȥ
ٴлԽ֮󣬾͸ų뿪ˡ
תͷҪٶһЩԽһֱųıӰ
Խ磿ɻ
俴Խһۣ͵ˣˡ
ǡ
󣬴ȥϡԽͻȻڡ
ȥԺᣬ˳Ѿ磬Ͻ׼ˮԡȫˬ˳Ѿѷ׼ãһԵһš
ʱŵ֪ȵΪѣһͻ˸ûη̫ѧ飬ԺֻһסˣƶҶزˡ
ΪûгϣһǶùǺӻ̲ס췢顣
һҪһ£ҪȻһɡ
ܣллûңҪȻ治֪ôˣôᡭڳһɻӡ
ֱӵ㱻ߵʱǶ˵ģ֪ǽŷֻм˻ᣬ㱻Ǩŭһˣôģ
һƣȻԼ͵ģôҶء
鿴һյӣüһ䣬ЦƺЩˣţԼ͵ĺ˵һ߳Ե֣뷨һ
ЦЦһ߳˲
ܣýաС̽ʵȻǱѾ϶ˣȴܸойء
ӡУǵŶԼ׵ܵɱֵģô䶯ô
Ҫ˵̫ӵ±飿¶Ҳ۵ģȫµĽˣĿǰľʵͦõġ鵭
ãʵ
ͻȻڵϡ֮ǰǶԸģڻĿɽʧҲǰ㱨ȥˡ
ס񡭡
ɻʱȴ˳Ÿ˵ĶԻ
漴˳žͽүϵţ˵϶Խ췢ʣҪȥһˡ
ңָָԼ
˳ĵͷүõĻᰡܵõϵʶ
ɵ˳һۣŲŲҪء
Ȼһ룬Ϳڵȥɡ
Ȼǵͷϣ˼Ļඡ
ţ˾͸ȥ˲ϡ
ϵԺֻһˣֻſ
󣬲ѯľϸ˵һ飬ϵͷҲûм˷ʱ䣬ֱӶһڵлֹӽͷһˣɣЩ飬ֹӿԽȥѡԼϲ鼮ߣ͵лˡ
ȻƴһϼҪֱڵ磬һ飬μͣͦȤġ
װ𱸵ӿ˳һۣȻŲ˼Ľ顣
һأص汻£С˵Ȼġ
ȻȥǶԻӲ͵ʲôƵ顣
ѾųˣϽ֣Ѿ˵ⲻɡ
£顭
ġֱ˵ĳϡ
ϴ󾪣£̫çײˡһ
ҼȻһᱻ֡г˵
ǡܰ쵽ģӸոḶ́ʵ޷
˸ӣݵţ£һ߶һ߸ϼ˵һ¡
ʵΪһʱԼѵ壬ĳͯͻϾʱƻѾԺˡ
̯Ƶӣպ̫ѧҪ̿ӣڵܸ֮ǰȥȷնĽ⣬Ǳ̡̿
ϰǰҪߵ̿ãɾҵҪȥ̫ѧһµҩ򵥲Ȼ֪뿪
ȵʮһֳĵطκ֤ݺۼᱻ¡
ҩҶͻȻԪһôзֵġԭΪ˱ܵܲ˺µģȴ
ҩƴգԼģû˻뵽µҩ
ΪʲôȷǻҲǻڶԼܱ˵Դ⡣ԪǺͳ壬̫˽˵ԸˣԺ׾Ͳµᷢʲô
һ򲽣һûҲʧ˼ҩ۰ˡ
ֻҪˣǾһ˳ˡ
꣬ٴ𺳣Ȼ˰죬̲סֵôıһУ˾׼Ĳģ̾ѣֻ໹һ²
ΪҪ׵ܵɱֱ֣
пһȻЩ⣬ǰ̫жܵܣڳԥ־òж𺳡
Ҫɱģڣҩֻ¼Ѫ˶ѣΪҽ˳һ˳·ڹ͢Ȳ֣¶ЦݣֻЦմȾźڰа˲
Ļ˼֣Ҳ𽥷Ӧ˹⿴ƶһٵΪںδ
ʱʹڣԷѾΪʱ̡
һϵʵѾɷ˴£ϼʣνɷǼҵˡ

ԪԳ̻ʺͳ̼ŴϢ
˵һϣҲпǴӣһ˫񣿶ԣҲпܣҲˣ϶ǣߵȷǴӡ
ʲô̼Ҳ鲻׼ȷ֤ݣô˵Ҳпϣǲʲôû˵𣿡
ĸһ仰˵ˣһҶάֱƽˣĴ㶯ҪҵˣҵҪ˭ڣ
µ
һ߷ǰ̿𣬶Źǰŵʲô˼˼Ҳ£ѵѾ֮ˣҲǣôݺôܲɵͷϣϾϲ
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ˣ游֪ˣҪսսүҲǳˣֱӶģ
ˮܿĹ
ס궯ӣ̫ӳ֣ǿƣҪǣϴ־Ҫһ˫񣬶ɣǣ˭ѾҪˣպҪ̫ƽˣҶȲˣһϷˣصԸϺͳϣǺǸ⣬ҲҪǷŷѪ

Ŵ˿̻ʹĻңҵķѾν˹͢γУǰڵƻп续ɵ꣬Ĳ
ֻһУúǰͥάֵļƽվƣƽʱ̫ãڲϵţ˭ûκһǶԳв
ǿʼΪԷѾˣ޷ȷ˭γ˲ɡ֮ǾͻΪΪǿĵ๥Ԫֹȵܾ˵ʱܳҲǲ٣ûκһл
ĻӺԴлúôʵةԸΪ˱ⳡУȫ޷չ
ۺΨһֻǰˣǰ̫ӵԪȼ
˴磬˵ģΪ˳˳·


71 
ϻ˺һ𽥻ָ侲Ѿڿ϶Իʹκһɱ֣Ϊɱֻ֣ʵ·ǵ˱еĵɨϰ
ֻҪһֱڰӻңǻʤǿѰ취
ոյ飬̲סѵ˼ܣʹ˱Ȼ͸࣬ǰԽҹңɾѯǼʱҸϡ㣬ǻˣСӼΪ飬Ҷ磬ԻشֻʵԸ棬⡭
ɲǻڶ鱾Ļɣǻҵʵݣֱ׼ΪǸ˾һôɡҪҲǽ飬ҪȻֱӲĵ鹤ֻҪҳݶѡʱ޺㲻ع
Сǳģշ̲ס
ɫ΢ûлش
֪ʹ飬λӵˣκˣ¶ԷֵĶôҳ϶ûãշ±ȻҪ¶ݣĲ
ϪԽϣ佫һңڵУʲôĽɫһûа취ȷԽͻ䣬еҲżˣȫȻƾԼϲ¡侲ķš
һ֪ԼݣΪҪ׷棬ҲпĳһΪ˼δֲûо
Ժл˼ǰһ˵УԽͻһȺӵӱǰ͡
˲Źڵϣͷ˫۾Ŀ۵ĳݼΡ
˵ǲҪʲôֻͣһ飬ϣԺܸ̫ӵߣ¡
ʱҪ̫ˣ黹ǺܿһһϣͼǼ䡣
ʱգ˲δ볯ⷢȣҵֺܹûʣɢȨԵ
֪ӦԽ⣬ԽԵľƺУϺƵĵطǲվӣ붷ΪҲ޷֪һ˭
ǸϺͬĵǲԼ˵һ֮Ǹȥ·̽͹ֻҪ£ȴһ˳ֵʱܿԼıҫ
Ϊеڳлְλļ˱ȻҲӹ·ӣֻʵʵ£ԲᵳȷҲǻʵһֱǵԭ򣬱ϾֻҪκһӣǱϾ͵ֻŻϡ
ֻͨŵӣҲ취շҲý
ڵѾҵ鼮һԿ
μ;ǹŴιƵģ׾ȤԺˣȻȥɽˮ
Ľζأſڴ
ͷͼ麬Ц᲻ôӲϵĲгˣ
е飬ȷǺ飬һСľͿǻˣ
߳ϵԺᣬȣ߻ի̲ס͵飬ʵǺ棬鵽ǲ֣Ϊ˻һô飬ģô˿ûвأοֱû˿ãѲϵͷ˵Ĳϰţ
ô붼ܣ
쵽ߣͷȻôˣ
عشͻȻӭһѧӡ
ѧӹǸǰСˣҪȥأ
һﲻǰŪľֵׯ
ֻѧһϲһߴӻͶһߵľôΣǵһѺҶԼһ˹ʺˡһֶӣӮʮ
ͳʮȻּĿų飬㣬ӣ㣬ǾˣҲûΪ֧Ķ飬ȻѺ˻Ц㣬ҶɵǮںˣǵǮˡոȥǮʱ򣬺öɫǽһѿúãһǧ
һǧ̫ѧѧӶԼֱ콵޿ǮļѧӼһҲδôǮ
ƱòϣССˡǾ͵ޱȵĽʱͻȻһһǧ˲ˡ
ǿ˱ϳѺעʱֻΪ˸֧֣һص档
ʱΪЩɣҵͬˡ
룬ôɵְװǮ˵飬֪һӮ
ӮȻҵĶӮǲɿأûаٷְٰաΨһɿصľֹ֪ǾͿ˴СϷҲ˳Ƕһһӡ
ԡԪǵ飬һֲ߻ģ
˲оое㺦¡ϾԴҲ벻ͨôġ
ԭ飬ֶκһ޴ӣƾƿصĸо
ôĿʲôֱɱԪǼ޻ӣӦòǣԭֱɱ˵Ļܶ࣬ûôҲܡ
ֹס̧ͷ飬ֻº͵ĸ˺ѡ
ʵôˣ
ǺǡеûжѺ㡣Ц
̲סЦ
ӮͲˣ̫ѧֻĸӮǮѧЦ˵漴ֹάҲû뵽ֶӾȻߵôҵȹĿ࿴Ǳֹˣ治һ˭ӮأպбһһѺ㡣
ĲɵĿǴҵĹ͡
ͱǫˣҶۣ˵ϼֱ޷죬رһУõģĬǴ˵СѧԽ˵Խ
ͳǵСԣֻ֪İԣȫ̫ѧ֪ġ
ѧ˵˵ͲˣҲҪ٩֣ϵǶһԲ״̬ӦһѾ˵Ĺк
û˵꣬Ͷ˳䵽ĲǷ·һøոջϲѧ˲Ȼͺʲôӳγƶסĺ
˵ʲô

ոտɫҴңػҪæˣ롣ֱƤЦⲻЦһơ
ѧôоƵġ
ѹȵѧӴȥˣϽҽˡ
ԭ˼Ͳ˵̫ѧӾˣɻĿųǵˣôǮء
գգۣȥкϻеࡣô㻹˵𣿡
˵ʲôʵո˵ʲôûйӣĶǳ鵽׸Щʲô
˵ôĬôϬôϳ޼ϡ
ȻûȥҲӰոѧ˵ôĻһͻƤˡļٵģ
ȴתͷһ˫ڰ׷ķĿֱĿ漴һĿڵһ˵ֻݹһθ󿴣ȴ߳ѵĬ˺֮ĬǺγɵġ֮ǰ治֪ĬȻ缸Ѿûκ뷨ˣĬǱҪȽϺãҪȻͻո٩
˵סˣԵ໰ⶼǰһйأϵϵ֣ϵδһȴһڸ˵ʲô
ոĴıڲװһ˵еƻΧ
ðɣΧֻԼԺΪͨķΧԳԣֻ˵ʱ飬뵽ʱԼ§ֱϵܵӣ궯ַ
ʲôֻż뷨һѣֻ˵ɺϡ
ʼ磬̫ѧľ˶ΪɺϣֻΪĬɡ
ǳ˳飬ôôһ˵Ūô
ոѧӰԵӣڱ˿Ǻɡ
ۣʷԶĨȥʹ뵱һֱнѶôѡ
һƵı飬ƣ񣬳̲סԼǲ˵еˣϾҲֻ֪Ҫһѡ
ҲֻǿոַӦ˵˵Ҫһĵ⼸յѵҲֵ˲𣿡
⻰˵㣬ѵڼ伸൱Ψһһݼ٣ȫĵԼ飬Ȼ汻ˣԾʵʵڵĸһ
ɫתãļͷıֺܲ
΢΢һ㶣˲ӿһƬůոвĸоҲˡ
ȻԸ˵ֶˣ˼ܣǺůġ
ǵһ˻صϢʱ򣬲Ƭůȴת˲Ժлǻ᲻ӿֶԪ顣
һ·ڸʲô
ڶգͯĻع飬ܶϢ˹
Ѿˡ
ĽȴЩЦһź̫౻˵ʧķ裬ҪıԪǣŻɳ飬ȫ֪ġ
ץ̫ʱ̫Ѿֵķ񲣬˽Ʒҵ˸ָ֤ݡ
̵̿ĻҲƼ̫Ϊ
֤֤ڣֱ̫ӱоֵҲͷأƹһϷ֧Աץᱻš
ȥлڳ̻ʺĹǰӾ͹ڶǰӡ
Ͼһ²ϵ£ӷƪһٱ顣
ȻҲǲģְѼԥĹְ˳̼ҵˣ̿һֱӵҸ̼ҵ͸˳̼ҡ
һονʧ١ûжĸһоͺ˵
̼ҲõӦеĲԪǵĲ鱻ҩιţһ¾Ȭ


72 
ڻϵ£ǳ䶨
ֻһô۷׷ףԭֻҪʮĻӶʸڸһԪӷͬڽ㣬ֻдżģȴڲþͷһСĴ󣬱ϸ˳ȥһ
һӶ޷͸޷µˡ
ܿ½½мǹԱΪ˽±ǵıɽɱԸ
ڿͬһˣĹٱֱӴʱͨ˳һеĿĵʲô
ͬڰеһֻһѣʼ¼ɹ𺦣ʱ䣬Ѿʮⳡ๥֮С
ͬ޺űߣ𺳵ģж޹ˣȥϸ룬תͷȥֻǸһ¶飬ǺܿʧֻóһƵġ
ջأעֻص˸ոµϣָ˼һз޹أҲĽ
ǿһ壬΢΢ü۶Ц⡣
ǿȴһ˲ĲʣΪʲôһ֪ǳһк᲻޷ߡ
óʲôֻˡ֮ǰǶде£¶Էһ⣬ԼĳڻˣĵָˣȴԻĳеη塣һ˳ݣһȫ˿͸ĳ̶ȣη塣
ȫڳģǾûʲôùǵģƫƫĴھһԣֶ˵һѵĻѻδΪҪ˵ǡԭеݲκλԵģġ
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ǸˡͻȻ鿪˵
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塭ˡɻĿոλߵѧӣ죿
졣Դһңűȫ·ȷǳ׵׵ˣʿˮĻң̲ס૵Ͳܸһ·𣿶Һһ㰡
ӣԹĿǣιǣȻֹһһŵĽ£ȫǰǸոµ˳˻ء
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ʡж֪ģδֶֻͱŵˣԺô߰øı䣬ӦʵԼ
֮Ȼͬԣһʱ䣬һ嶼û꣬ΪԶ㹻Ļ·һµĲҲ̶ãֱһٵ˵ȴܺá
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⵽Ƕⷸ棬⺦бˣҲ֪ǼһﵽԼĸΪ誵˼
Ǽ鷢ĵڶ죬ҪȥǸ˱һȴ֪ҹȶ˴ˣڶһͱͻؼˣƽ̻ﰵﾯһΪڶⱨһȦû˳£ǿԼ񣬶붼ΪԼġ
Ҳֻʱô̵ԷѾˣԶֵľͲУ˱ȥȵʱҲ˹ȥԶֱһ١
ǼһȻһģһ˵һж£Ѿ϶ˡ
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ˮֻķθˡ
Ҫס誵°ͣͷҪͻȻһŮ˵ļ
ſҪʲô
һ˰ᱡṫӣ


73 
ͻȻðļɤŲûɢ
ҲǣûУϹ˵˹ھ޷ߵרҵַϹʲôأ
̧ͷһӭͿŮӷɱ
һܷ꣬һӦС
ǵҲһȺˡ
зӣͬѧӡȻ֮ǰ˺Ϲġ
һˣҪʩȴ½ˡ
ܷˣվ
磡磡ܷżĺţͷ֪롣
ʣ򶨾Ϳڵո·ˮȥˣ誻ˮˣҸոҪ
ԭֽΪῴʲôǹһﾹȻˣһʪʱҲ̽ʲôϽ˰æΡ
ıȴûбԼѡ
˵˹òÿǿܷһֱûӦѾͷǻ֪һŮްɣӦԭкڱͬʱ֪ġ
С㣬ͷûˡо誵ɫԽԽԣȥҪˡ
һԸǰ
誣ʱòһӾ˵ʱһѹǡ
Ͻ֪ʲô
˵ž¶Լ֮һӾͱ߳ŭܷƿҸ磡ƾʲôΪʲô
ֹӣС˼أǸҪ˵Ҳˣ˱ġ
һȥһӶɫӣͺñͬԻȣƫƫϸţⲻռʲôôĹˡ
仰ΧֲԾˣҪˣôүҲϲŮ˵ģп԰⵽ΪɶԼεľ簡
Ȼأͱ˷ʱ䣡
ͻȻһһС
һ̧ͷȥͼոոϵȺ˽ͬĻ
Ƹո˶˵ĻǶˣһεĿء
Щ֪Ŀ飬ֻһûжı飬ǰɨһȦĿϸŵ·˶漴û۵־߬ס
֮һ
ü֮ѹڵ磬˵齻ǣոˮ˴磬Ȼȥһ·
㱵ҪӦȴոҪ˵ѾߣƿԼϵۣôƿǲع
ɫ˲¶ɫͫ׶ɵĵɴˣⷬ鲻Խȥػ誵ȫ˳С
磡ء
ȻعУع⣬ľòɿأڵĻֿɳŲסκεͻ䡣
ס֣ոˮˣ㶯ͻȻѳ֣ȥӣͺڻʲôƵġ
Ϊֱŭܷ궼ˣ޲ǰҪģûĹǣֻܲͣҡ誣Ҫ
ʱ齩ӲĿԼ˵֣һֱţ̼ȼʧˣȻתͷ
ȻҲڿȻ
Ȼǿ˵ɫоԼһαٱܲµʲôˣ֮ǰͻɹǲǶĻ죬誻ǼκԪ֮һھȻ誡УѾûڲٵԣӶ鰮ˡ
Ҳ˲ˣϽų麰ܣҽʶ
⻰һڵ˶˲Դ˸ᣬ˼һ¡
ʲôҪռ𣿸ոΪǳԴײñ˿誰ôԼܾˣ
ʲô߼
ĲУվǰֹԶĳ顣ܣ찡Ҫˡ
ϣҰæѹܱסˣ
ʱع⣬ҲǸм֮ףǾͲҪˡ
˵ôһŮĵ誾Ͷˣʱһоˮˡ
ȫĺһǵˣСֻܰ㵽ˣס
鱻ӲģеˣոԺеɷֱӱײ֧顣ϸ룬ͱżߴ١
꣡誡˲Ǹ𣿸ôģ
µҲݲóģһۣ̬ӣЩģò
ǡƾ
졭ûдߴ꣬ͼûж̧һȻȵ誵ĸ
֮Ӷȥˡ

ˣ
飬ʲôܷ󺰣ոպڣ͸оŵһ鴤ȻԼʼŻˮ
ȻһҺûˡȵȡҲУ
Ҳͬʣ𾪵̧ͷų飬ȴֻĮ֮⡣
⡭Ĳһ׵Ů
Ҳԣ誻ˣǵˣôܸ誶ֲǻġ
˼أͿԴµɨ˹һıܸܲá
Ȼȳˮ˹Ծɴڰ״̬ڳķӾͳ˻ȥ·
ҲŪЩңҪ˵ˣɢɢһ̱ᱡṫӵôˣṫҲ̫˰ɣʲô֪۸ˣûܸ𣿡
͵ǴôӦˣϸ磬ʱûˣתͷһȻӦСѾͷ
˵˵ʲôҶ˵ˣҸոھˣ컯գ˼֮ǰˮﺰҿ϶֪ǻѶʲô
ȻΪǣǸոյȷҲȷָ˳ˣԴҶĲ¼ҲһЩһҲôһ
ϾǶҲûйȻ֮ǰ׷ʱҲ޺ģӦòɳô顣
ӦСһ߷ߵģŻܷ꣬һ˳ͷӡۿģṫӵĲӣؿڣ˼ҵ°ͣȻס
պڸ͹ˣʱûп˭Ϳһᱡһ˶ѣֱŵ課ʧС
ǲûж˵ĳʶӦС˵ŪͷƤ飬ԼˣУӦСٺҪȻ˳ɻûжҪ˵ˡ
ؿںͲΪȷ̧°Ϊ׼һСӶЩʲôأ̫ˣֱӲķҧһڡ
Ȼһ˵ӦСٺƤǺˣϵĿΪڳҲҼðͷ˵飬ǲǾˣӦСҪˮϣҪ֪һʲôĻɫ
ӦСʧǣֱǰ˵ո˵ĵȷľ˹̣˶֤ӦСûƾʵݣĪҪ˱˵ƾʱ䣬Ȱ˾룬ܿɹļΪȴ˵ʵǺ˺˵ġ
һֱѧӺͷǰһ˵ҶƺеΪƫԩ˺ˣıȷܴ
ӦС˲䱻˵ҥµˣ۾ίĺˣҲǡΪ㡣
ͬĶܱɲͬ壬ΪӦСֻ϶һ˵ƴİ룬ոյĳʺϾ˵˵ĪӦСԼˡֱѵ⣬ȴǱĬôͬոյĳƫ˶ǳûᱡ
ԣҶϲ˵С֮ĶȾ֮˵˻߱ȻҲҪܷɣԴҶվߣᡣһǿˡոյȷǾˡû˻ôɵʱ顣
һ˵ӦСֱӶޣ봹ǺͿԼܶһԲܣƫƫ誣ⲻǱʲôܷ꣬ô˵۸簡
ܷȷǱ۸ģˣһʼҲˣ֪ǴˮˣſʼԼݣԽԽúľھˡֻĶ֮񱣬£һʱ䲻֪ô˵ӦСȻҲҶԼ
ʱһ鷢ˣһͻȻ𣬡ֹӡңӡĪԩֹӡ
˼ŵˣķߴԼϣϻӣʱûбй¶
ȥ͸һ˫ްϣﻹӦ誾ͱ۾૵鷳һԺᣬϢһ¾ͺˡ
ϵõ誶ô˵ˣʲôûɵأֻӦСһ˳С󣬱˵ıţߡ
캮ض˸Ͻ˻ȥ
Ϊ񵽵׻ĵܵܣ̧˾ѯ˼
⡭
ܺӦȻԺᣬҸȥҴɡͻȻڵ
һɵһǹģõ黹ûת͸оͻȻսߣĥ˵һȥ͡
ϸֱ棬Ҳ֪ÿһ϶ŻҩζŵûһίĿ飬ȴоһůϤϢֱӰȫԭѾѵԼϡ
㶵ĿųͷҲصȺ뿪
֡Ͻȥɣʲôԭؿѡ
ôܽͲҵղѣоƾųɵԸ񣬾ٺƣƶе˵ȥˡ
Ҳ˵һϵйΪΪʲôҪͼɱԼĵˣbug
ȴΪǵǳ誵Ĺϵ΢΢仯ǰļ㲻ھ𣿾һʤ߼Ҫ͵飬ʵ֪ʲôġ


74 
ʱͳԺᣬǣú񲿰ŵĶҪ԰æȥдֵѧӣĻȻǼӷƽ̣ƽ̾ƼϾ鷨ģҲһֱܺá
öҲֵ̫ѧ̶ݼ٣κʹǼջؼĻ°šȻȥˣҪûøˣһȻ뵽
˾һˡ
ȥʱ򣬷˲Ժᣬȴµš
뵽˵ȥˣתԺᣬȴ˵ȥ˱ĵط
ҳʱȻŸ˹
û뵽Ҫ㡣Щͬ
ȴξȫһˡ
񰡣
ԭΪûӦ¡İ鷳û뵽Ҫ󵽲ǱߣҲҪͿȥˣȺ£Ȼ⻷
ףͻȻ뵽һֿԣոӦСΪӦ¡ĸԣĪΪ˹ͣƭ˵Ҫĺò£ԵӣһʮֺôֱƼ񶼱ƼҪðɡ
ǳ鴤С˵дҲһࡣЩͬĿһ뵽Ҫ˽׼ңòϣ̫ˡ
һߣԺѧǪξ͵˴ԺᣬЦӶˣһӣ֪У־С
ĸ̧һôԶҲѾ
鿴žȻ̧ˣֻһԿš
ǾҪԺʱͻȻ֪˭Ľһ£һӦ˶ȻˤֱǱĵ
ֻһĲҽ쳹ƶˡ
˾ٿͿʵڲãˤʱ۵ģһӾͱԼѹס
ǲҽŽĽǶȣ˶ٸв
˵Ľš
ˣ򣬲ˣ˻ˣȴξʹιȥˡ
Ҳżģһذֳӣȴûܿ۵׵⡣
ϴֲݣϺĻӰ֣Ҫ⹷ҪȣǾ񳹵׷Ⱥˡ
ʱˮУʾ֭Ϊոյһҵɡ
ѻ˵ˣоԼֱԽԽǿְõԺдһݸ塣
ſںƺȥ˻ˡ
£ųǲҪˡ
˴ܵˣܻƣпȥһۡ
ˣôɣûأѵֻأ
ҪѯʣΪ飬ˣֻתȥҪһ³Լȥ
ոߵͻȻоһ˿ȻתͿҺԼ̵Ķ౦ܳһˣֳоͳ
˼һײ˴ߣʧһ˲ͱѹ˴ϡֱӺĲ䣬ҲɲǼ䷴Ӧֱ۵ס˶Էǿ˲ӣöԷһ
ǶԷĽǶѡļãԼͻϮ嶼Ťŵģ޷ֻܸоԷĵԽԽԼĲˡ
úǰȡ
ҺҪ
ЦˣУ˵ĺҲͲҪҵƵģͬھ
ȵȡ԰ԼΣգϵͳһѵģǸոôΣȴһ㶼û죬ѵ
㲻
˵誣ôҲľˣңֱӶ誵˫ֱۣһȴֶԷҲûҪŪ˼
ȡ
ϷüĿĵɱڵģȷ˵ûи߱ܣһףŪܷȥǾ군ˡԥʱļ䣬УڰˮãΨһͬսԨеһ⡣
ûоԵǲʱжô¡
ϵļȣб˼ʱά
課òϣ˵ȷסܡ
ɵҲ
֪ΪζΪʲôҪôĿʲôͬһֻڱһѹסʣֻҪԷ⣬ʹʱҧĳ˵ĺһ
˵Ļֱӵһʤ߼ҵʱÿˣѵ
ôõˣЦ
ѵǻ𣿡ʵ
課ȷ֪֪ʱ¼Ǽҳ֣һֱ񣬱˵ǾǵжԷǿ϶ȥȵжԷˣĪɵӣ
У⣬ΪʲôҧҪвңҪʲô˵˵㣬ҲҲýš˵Ҳȹҡ
Ҳֻ̽һԷĴвȣǾͱڡ
־Լ뷨ɣôôܲвأӦһ׳Ƿܴ
̾һʼʿ衣ŮӡʱǸ˷ˣ㲻𣬿ܻи鷳ǿǱںлҪҵҶˣѵ𣿡
誼ǲԼĶ䣬Ҫ˼鵽Цˣһ˫ҲԲˣɷһȻ
˲ץסᣬһס誵һŤ˴ϣͪξϰŤƵϣһͷѹ誡
ЦӺʱֶּ嶼ˣһֱһһͷŮס
誾ŭҪξֽŲõѹסϸ֫ЪξתƵ誵Ĳ¡
ƭˣһΪģûпѹͣҲЩŭһ޺죬еŮӵӡ
һֱŮԶǺѺõģԱôһʱеͷ
ȶҲô֪ľ仰˵ˣ᲻һʱҪɱҰûϵͳʾΣգҲһֱеŴĴЮֿɲǺܵģôϧһҪΣսΪ㡣
誺ܿ侲ɱ
Ҳиôѹס誣ƵʵұԽҴģѣԶҵǰҲùڵľ棬ΪûɱΪβֱΣյĿԣֲɵ
ôһʣǰһ¡˵Ϊʲô
ĲĿǰǷ֮Ҿ֪ҪǳڶŮԵأеʱڳֻҺһ㱻ҴˣĴ岻ᱨǰϺ𣿡
ɱЩԻĿ
ȻŮװôΣյ飬һǼҪǵﲻѹͲΪУֻúö飬ȵݵλü̳֮λֵһ˶ΣҲܽҴ㡣ڲҶڶġ
ʲôĿģֻԱܡҽҴ
ǰЩԭ˵誻ỳɣΪԱԭǾúģԼı𴩣Լ˵ʧأһᱨ
û뵽ԼûôʽȻһ뵽ˣûԼǰжô
ԡҪ˳ǣ̽
Ѫζ̫أûǸ£ڼҲó裬ǿ϶Ҳ֪ġĸײأոպ룬Сֲ£ֻ󰲷ֵ뵽κζ֮СҲʲôҸһ·ޱȵĺţ𽥱仯ɫоȿˡ
ûв誣Ͷ֮ǰʱֱֺͷӦ֪ôˣƼһһְ취ŪΪ˱ֲҸžߣֻܻһ˼·ˡ
Ϊһ֮ôױɱҲ֮ǰѡķʽԼûҪɱǷֺõ飬ԼȲêελϣ֪û½Ҵܹһġ
뵽ϢȻҲĵ˵ҲûҪڷ˿ڣĶ֣ʲôѱԾĹ
񲻶ϵı任ƺȨʲô
Թɫٽ誣ҲŮҪȷһѱϣǾ͵в㣬ϵ˺һ˺ˣֻҪ㲻Ҷ֣ҾؿƿὫܸκˡ
˵꣬ɿذף˲ɫһ䣬ĵ誣¶δûŮҲûвҡԴϲô͵ǻرҵľ֮Һھ㡣
㶣ÿɫϸϸһԺз㣬֪ԼľǲǴһ˿мĳɷ֣ȷľ
ƺЩյĵһͷҷһ˿һ͸¶ȥĺۼ㣬ںˣҵĶɱ
ʱһ˶Щˡͨˡ
誼ȻЦĿĺܣȷһֵˡ
Слл㡣
һ£е飬Ͼ˵һжΪԼδҲԸһҡ
ϣλԺΪɩӵʱ򣬱ôͺá
һһʡͻȻ
ʲô
㵱ʱûжͻȻЩεʵ
֮ǰ˵ǵ𣿡
һαȽģҲȷ˵ʵ㵽ûС
ＫˣҪ񶨣ͱϡ
ˣǶ䡣誷·˵ԼƵġ
ǳ鴤Ҫú֤һԼ˵˺Σա˵һ˵ɧһԼĲʣҲ㣬ոʲôʱݵģǲ͵ϴˣ
⻰һʣȻҲˣҲûС
ɵĿûУҲţ
誵Բ۾ͻȻһεոһ㣬ӶˣֱŤͷԱߣԹʲôֵÿģ㡭㻹ҪѹҶð
һ㶣ûѹ˰ոɿذ׺󣬻ξֽŲˣֻһʱûˡ
ͷһȴֲ֪ʱԼǴһªξɢűȫ¶˳ˣڿϣ᧿Σѹùߺ
Ƥˣ̫ôåˣҺû˿Ҫ
飡һ죬ű߿ˡ
վˡ
һɥдš׽ڴ˳š
һɭȻ֮ɫ۵𽥷ĳ顣
ȻȫڳϣԺֻһ仰
ܾ


75 
˶ţ·𶼱룬һ̣ͻȻ˺ܶ¡
ϵͳ߹ɫλӰδΪһڻȫ飬ǽͻܲ˳ʱŵù
е㶮ˣεҪڵضߵΪڻһڻ
žڻҵ
ҲֻôοԼˣδõģء
ͣ˼룬ȴѸٷӦһƿſڣʵǴˣǴ￪ʼģ
ˣҲߣ˳һӾ͸סˡ
ǳĿȴԾĶŴϣѲˡ⻭ʵ̫ªˡ
˵誵ĽŶɱһӾſڵ˳Ż񣬱ܵĻشǵʱ˵ûж顭
誵ɫ𽥻ָѪɫˣȻſڿ͵
誻һһ͵͵Լذףһ߿ڴϵôͻȻɫ԰ס
·ͻˣԼġ

誵Ļû˵꣬ͱͻأһ·Ԩﴫĵͳϡ
ϵճݣеλܸߣ鲻һҵСӡ
֣誶Լˣ˼˵ʲô

һһ٣ͳдڸǲסŭ
ҲŲ誵ϣλ߱ܵѹƣͬһš
һ̣誾ȻܵҪ£ǶƿرȨľ߲ŻеķӦ
˼룬ֱ˴
ȷӦѾһ亹
㡭
㻹Ҫã
һֱǺεһ·գѾȥƵģǱ뿪ұҪߣ
ʱ誻ǲĵĲ˹ȥ
ڳҲб˹ͬһһջȥ
ʱѾױ鱬ŭɵˣųһһ߽粻оͺǿδıڿһһһеϡ
ڳߵߵ˲䣬ܹɵĹ˴ϣһ˴СƵġ
ſڵ˳Ӷȥѵ׵ĹţʲôʱԼĸôˣ˵õأ
ססҪסУ»Ǻܺ˵ģֻҪС
ɴһ˫ϵ۾¸ҵĶϳ˫ۣܣ˵ʵѽ
ûʼͣͱͻȻס˺󲱾
ܡܡ飡أǱץ´һ·ײײͱϽģﻹոݵˮ裬ڻƮš
˵ͱĬĳƽԡ衣
ھԲ
òҪɣôóŭȵ״̬ԭве
ǺˮУƴڵһˣһ߰ݰ裬һ߻ѹűġˡϷ϶͸ˣһǵˣȫбѵɣôһƺڵķŭˡ
˼ˮ󲱾һᣬԼͱ
ٵĴϢţ˫ǿסԡ裬ˮϵĴͷϵ䣬ߡ㱼ҧ˵һ䣬Ǳ˵ζˣ

Ҫϴϴɾ˼
ȵȣʲôʲô˵ζ
飬㵽ס
ͻȻƵĲϣĴӴ
ȫƤˣԡվŵĳ飬ڿ˿̵ı顣
Ŀһ֪ôݣûдӳ˫пκζѾ״̬û˵ǣӽӽܵһַӦ
ɨӣͣĳһָҲŲ°ϡ
̧ͷľ촽ĴĴָѹʹ±úסоٱȥű촽Ҫˡ
ڸë
ΪʵеˣܵҪܣһſˣĴָȻûгֱӾͰ˽ȥһںסҧ档
ᳱʪİţɨĴָָͷ
˲ɵˣһʱ治֪ŻôκáͻȻֶĳҲˣҵϢҲɢɢ
߷·һž۽Ƶģ֮ǰ˲ˬİɫȴ
ˮȫʪͬŪʪСһĿ
ڷѵڰƤϣʪ۾һգһգˮ˳Ľë䣬һ촽Ậָ齿
ɢѾڸոյУȫֱϣ¶Բļͷ;µǣˮ⣬ǻһࡣ£Ǳˮ˵Ļ棬ȴĿֵߡ
ͻȻоһֵ꣬ķȴѾͷѵĴԴϢĻᡣ
ڿ
ΪʲôʧˣѾܾúܾûʧأӹгĻӶܺõĿ
Ϊʲô
ҧųĴָСĹ۲ķӦ˵顭ôˣԽʲôʣҿԽͣԲǸոտһĻ̫ˣĲ㿴Ǹ溬塣
סԴʹֱӳԼ֣սһˮĴָУϲԺˣ
һô
Ȼˡ
ҷģҾԾûУôϲܸ
ߡһȻţ󣬺ɾٵ誣ϲͿתƵĺܿ죬ǲϲǵ˵Ĺϵȴڴ첻ȫ±ˣˣġ
ʵͻȻֱӻΪƵģ˹
𣿡

죬ˣһݡ
ôܣëˡ
ôܣͻ
΢΢һ㶣һ˲䣬Ժһ棬ȷǰ˵Ĵ
һһϵ촽ֱӲĺˡ
ڳУߵķӦȴ誷ʲôӡ
һ˲ӿ
誣
ûûжͷأúӦСͳˡҿ촽ˣֻܵͷ͡
ĽͣѾˣʲô׵ϲ𣿻δԸոֱӶȥˣϷôȱˣ
һ仰ʱհףҲסˣƺⲻԼ˵Ļ
ŲǣˣΣŲʲôϲءһֱб˵ȱˣҲ̫˲ˡ
ˣＤҵбҪôҲ˵ûˣѾͷô׷Ź𣿶ҶˣΪʲôҪ񶨵ģֲ飡УͶסʲôϵһȹȹأҲ׿
㣡ˣ㱻ˣôɣ
ѹֵڱ仯ƺҲ뵽ʲô
ͻȻʵȹˣ
ոôܿи⣬ʾ֭ƻѻ
ôģʲôԻ·ڸ۵
һôˣ
˭
ҡƾʲôҪ˵飬ûбҪˣҲˣԼ˵
ĴˮվԼõˣʼϸ˵
ڸ֮ʱ˵ˣҿɲ˽ˣ㵽ôҵİԺôңҪģ
鴹ͳ˵ĺˣΪʱͥԺֻڣˮ㲻ˣ誳£°Ϻᱻǡ
͵ͷСĿų飬ʡ˵Ϊ˴֣Ҹò÷ԹȾˣ˵ˣûԶĵˣֻԶ
ͷֵ˵вͥԺ͵й¶ȥʱ׼Ըͯͳ塣Ϊ򶷣˴ϣ㷴Ю󣬾ʹЭ飬㱣ͼӦԺ󲻰㣬ʱ׼ɿ
ո뵽ģʮֺϾĿľһŹѾͬˮͬһ̫ѧôܲԸôܺԼ͵в׼˵ȥҲܺ

Ϊʲôȴе㡭ľʧݲĸо
ȫ
ǡ㻹ʲôʣҶش𡣡е飬走Ҫ̫ܵˣӲã©һ֪ģҶԸ㡣
龲ĿʧתĮ
ԣ׽˵ĻԣҪٴΣ
Ѿˣĸܴ⣬һҳϵˣġǡ
ҵ˵Ѿ֪ٴ飬ǽ誻ƾԣôһıˡ
ӦȥˣҪ̽ôǲǻбָʹںһ˱ܣҪвҲĽ˻ʲôЭ顣
Ӣ۾ͶЧо仰˵ĶԣûԶĵˣֻԶ档
˵֮ǰЩԳѪĻǾ鲻㣬һֱˣķŭһ֮ǰڿ˵˷Ѿ˼һԣķŭȻĪʧˡ
Ц̫ЦˣڷʡԼΪʲôҪΪŭʧء
ΪԼʼķİ˺ˣתͷΪ˱͵ܷ֮ƭ
誵ܣ߰Ϻ棬ûķݣȻҪıܣǰҲˣױ䣬֪ˡôܰסʲôʱϱˣԱҳأ
ǻһİˣûбŵʲôҲûʲôüƽϵģҲһܲ˴˱˴ˡ
ڻ͸оԼ֮ǰΪ
û˺ֻԼС˼ᱨҲ뱻ӰˡѡһӣóʱҲԲ
һûõĹ˰ˣüֵ٣ʧأ㣬֮ǰľȷԶġ
Ǵ뵽һ˵Ի·£ʲô
һ𴩵ĻԣԵ඼֪Ѿ誴ɺӮ׼˻ͶӣΪ¹شԿ
Ե鵭˵һҲ֪ˡȻתߵʱ
Դʺš


76 
ȵȣôˣϽ
ǳȴͷҲˡ
ԣˡ
һµûţܸоﲻԣһʱ˵ۿ˾Ҫ߳ȥˣ˰ˣ񡭡
ȶˣơ
ǡǡ˼飬
£ȥ
ʲôأ
о̫͸ϽԡǳѾ첽˳ȥ׷ϵĻᡣ
үү𣿡˳Сվſ̽ͷѯʣոճүߵʱɫѿ
ֻͷ۵Ļ·ǵıŰĺ롣
ү϶ǳԴ£ո˭ᰡ˳ŸϽæū֪϶ϲүġ
ǺǣЦԴףôܣǾͶɵԸڻ˵Ĳˣ
оһжܺ
벻ͨеʱ˫̫⣬޷ͨġ
ЩѾصˣصȥ꣬ôʮʣ˰һûҵ񡭡

УԲУ
·Ҫţ˳ŸϽŵүȱ߰ǳүոҩŽȺ꣬Է˺ġ
Ųһ٣ſ˳ŷһʳϣ򿪣ð
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͵ĺûʣֻǾˣҪһˡ˵꣬߿
֪ʲôоͺһȭͷ޻档
գǺƤ˺棬ʱҲŵĹġ
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·
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ڿ˳飬ȵϺ˵Ϻ䡣
֪ų׵˵ˣ϶º֢Ҳ޷γ̣ѾûгΪʸˡ
԰Ϻǲڸ񵱰ĿһֱߣһУԼûеϰϺЩ޷̵ģһ˰зϣ˵֮λҲԵˡ
ףʲôʣֱܺˣҵʱֻžˡûĵӦһȴѾƮ˳顣ɶǳǱȴĿбӡ
һͱ˷̧ϣ̧˽
ɫѿķ·Ĵ˫۾ȴĶ޶ˡ
Ҳûбʲôʵʵ˵Ϊ²˵ʵΪ֤˵ǣĶңֻ
ˡ
Ҳû˼Ͻ׷Ҫߵĳ顣
飬ҡ
硭ûбҺæܱ𣿡һ仰ֱӰȻתߡ
⻰ޱˣޱԭڰһûϢӣʱҪһ¸硣
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˵ѳ飬ͼɧţ鷢ֱͼԺãܶ㡣
֮࣬ͻȻǱߵõһӾ㤵Ϣ
Ժֺ񡭡μ񲿵ļ׼ˡȥƽ̣룬ƽ׼ˡ


77 
Ļ׺䶥ĸо
ͷһ㶼ҪˣΡΡĿ󡣡СеģǱȥȥ˵˵ء
ѾǸսˣҪ
㡭ҪȥΪǽļӷΪŵøģƽҪˣǾеԲסˡоķӦе㳬󣬺Ƶġ
üûͣĺҪұһȥ˵Ҫߡ
һ£ɫ棬סһãҰ취
ЩȣΪĹϵȽϺãӦûŶԣԷģȻûбӰ쵽
Щֱףһ۾ͿˣһЦ֮ǰദҲ֪ǡϵܺãһʱìܻȷһûᣬȥ˵ܳ飬ú̸̸
ɵĵɴ˫ۣ·𿴼ʥ˵Ĺԣ׷ɻĵطΪѿǣôôõ˰
ļ˫ðĿһˣ
Ц˵ҵİ취ƾͲΪһˡ
ɻţͽһ뷨ԽԽȣ϶Щ˼ˡǲе㻵ɱ߳飬ҪȻùˡ
ҡҡͷĴָǴȥ죡ҪǳˣҵĴˣ
˵ȥƽˡ
ʵİ취ܼ򵥣նࡣ
ҵƽ̣ƽΪѡ鷳գץסᣬƽ̣ԼҺͳˡ
֮ǰƼҲƽ̾ǱֵܣһȥӦܺܺõ񣬼ϲҲ֮һƽ̶ˡ
ȴ˵Ϊ˽ҪԲȥˣƽе㲻˵ģֺ˼ҲҪҲϸţӦˡ
鲻ȥʸԾͲˡ
һȻƤӧƽ͵£Ҳǿ
ڳһĵӵȥģܾǳԱġ
ν⣿
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ƽжിͳ飬ҶĿõġ
˵˵ϣȻƽΪôŬ˵ΪԼҲл룬ΪԼ
óȥҲǲģпɼ೯д󳼣ʶģԺ󲻿ϺҲܶԴһء˵Ϊհǰ˺󣬱˷ʱ
ͺƽҲÿϧһİ壬ֱӾ룬ѡˡ
ƽ̵ĴӦ˵ıϽס飬̸İ취˵ƽ̾ȱܣ֪֮硣̫ѧ¿ΣҺͱֱܾȥ֤꣬񡣡
ƽ̾ÿУҲһӦ¡
yesֻҪȥ꣬ǲսԸѼϼܵˡ
Сүѣٺúø޸ϵ
˳һ죬ȵ¿Σ̫ѧݼپ͵ˣ½½Լʱ
Ҳˡ
ƽ̳ӣϰϺĳͱһקס
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Ӯһֵ˷ܣ־ЦЦܣϴˡǱ
鿴ȥ˲ɫһ䣬תͷĿ
ҲôˣֱӲ񲿹Աƽߡ
ˣ׼ˡ˵
Ҳֻܱ
ԱͷҪͷλСˡʱˣ·Զɡ
õģõġų飬
˳Ҳ֪ļƻƨߵ˵ŵϡ
үʲôʱ
ԼǺϣǴ糿񲿻ᰲŵģȻؼҴš
á˳ŸϽ˹ϳš
˲Ͱ
ʱŸо飬Ŷĳ飬ЦЦ
ҼǵѾܾƽ̡Ц˵֪Ǳʲô
ûԼʹĹʵʵȡ̹״ӿ
һİ취ģ
ˣô֪ģ
ĮĿ
ȻģִеģҲ벻ֻǡˣ˵ƾ㣬Ҳ벻
һ㣬ԩˣʵǳ֪ĸ֪ܾƽ̵飬һǵһʱ飬Ƕ˵һⲻ·
˸ָ֪ûãԸпնࡣ
绹ǰԵȻʱסںҲҿɲǱū͡
̾һЩƵ˵֪Ҳ˼ҪһֱսôΪãҪ˵
ΪҺãૣƺǲţڷ׽仰
Ԥ磬ǳѾųڱĿˡ
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תãҲǿԼˣֺǺǵĶ顣
һ·ҡҡλʻȥ;ͣһᣬͬ깤ĹԱš
гԷǳȫԾɿ˯֪װ˯ȻòԷΪйƢеˡ
Ϊʾ
ˣԼԡ
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һμ飬վǼˡ
ջг͢Ա½½ǰСԱͺѵֻҪʱֺһ㣬˵ܱ⣬˺õ˾͸ס
ǲֻǶԴ̸ȤϾԭⲿ־ϸѾȫǵˣֻ֪ڻһЩȷԼ¾ڸȻϵʱһ·ѰңҵԼ¡
˵깤ǹ̶ģҲ˵ǹؼ
ʱڵ˻꣬ûôõ·̫ߣͷӶҪɢˡ
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黺۾ü֮侹Ȼƣ̬֮úڰ׷ȴ˼Ѫ˿״̬Բá
Ȼ֪岡֮ǰҲûмôξȻôذЩˡ
³
ôȥ
СӶˣǰţֱƿ֣Լųڣһһ̣ʵȥ
ҧҧֻܿٸȥ
ܿ԰˹дǣȰȥ᷿ΪԱڶ࣬һ䣬̫ѧԺᰲе
ͳһģȻǷֵһ䡣
һӦȻǾܾ԰һûʵûпմλˡҲʱȻⰲš
᷿֮󣬳ֱӾͳĬߵԼĴ齣¾ޣһ仰û˵һȫΧӡ
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ԾûκλӦֻǱš
սĳ̶ȷ·֮ǰأԼǿа
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ԾϢİ
Ҳ֪ôˣͻȻ鿪ˣƵ⡣
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ȥ
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·Ҫȥ˺ϸ΢һ
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һΣˡ
˵Ұ޷ϸϸ롢
جˣ
͵ƿҪ
һƿϵסˡ
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Ϊʹ˼ѾʪһţͬӤԼϱļܿĳ̶ȣЩطʱʱĳ鶯һ£ݵĹڲš
һƬҰףüͷ壬ë촽ڲ˫ְѱӱ뻳Уѹţ·۵ĵطڸ
Ų۵ǳûͷǲԴţͷǱһҧס·סԼʹй¶
ǿĻȴޱȵϤ
ѵǡ
Ժлû뵽ǸʣͻȻһ󾯱Ժը
ϵͳΣ棡Σա
ԸոϵͳĻȴѾֻһϵܵ˹ߵĴ̼ܵԾкֱĺ


78 
ɱ·һĺжֻܱܵĺˣҲϲϳɱС
ȫ̱ۣüһ㡣
ÿ¡ؼʱ̣һ̣лҿɱ֮
ҪѹҲҪ֪Լ˭
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ⲻǳ뷨Ԫȼ֮γɵıܷӦ
й⣡ˣˣ
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һ룬簴ͣ
ϵͳˡ
Ķסˡ
һϤϢ߱ɱķϣůġжϡ
ʹԾĥһ˵ص㱼䣬۾ȴһűŵ
ǡ
ľͷ·о˰ȫ˲жеΪʹٶȵ¡
һûͷҧţֻܺݺݵҧݣ϶롢ڰ᷿лص
Եӹͱܵȥ
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ò岻ٲ˼Ҳ侲ȴоԼվûˣֻڵϴŴ
ϵͳ浤ҩԸ÷˶ʱ䲻԰ԭξ϶ûзģһõ״̬˻ߵľ顣ô£
״̬ͷӦԭпüΣмηʱҵǳûҪĵˣͼŮ˶¡һŷԼɱˣֻǵȷһʬݣȻͻʬ𼣡
ֱ浤Чȥˣȴⷽķ仡ֻҪ״̬£һʧȥʶ׹Կˡ
ʵոմһʱϵͳһֱʾˣϾ˼϶Ҫ᲻ͻȻɱ
һΪ̫ģûпҩԷŸգ弫ޣû˱ܷ
һȫͬˡ
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Ϊ˴Һã߰ɡ
Ǻòߵ˴ڣȴסڶߵ졣
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ܵĵ㿪ϵͳ̳ǣֱֹҩʱŽסˡ
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̾һһҩԳûã̳ҩȻãûǾԼ취ɣ
ȸǺñӣȻͳˡ
һ᷿ڵƻͨڡ
ȡůĻ¯һųʣͼһˮ
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ϣȻԾţü֮ȻһЩ嶼ôӲţⷽµĹ̡
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ָ׼ӣĻУɫֺһ㡣ٽô࣬ôູӪˮôС
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ĿˣˮߣֱӾ
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ι࣬Ѿᱳʹˣ˵ʵⱲӾûôչ˹ˣƣһ죬ڸ۵üҪѡ
³飬׼ȥĴһ´죬мʱҪˣҪץϢ
ոͻȻһֻ˹
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Ҳͷ壬һɣҲܵĵ˱øˡ
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ԺƬ񿴼ѾߣƤٺŲ
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Ͼ軹ڣ֮ǰǹ廹ǿ˵չ˲ˣչչ˵Ϲ߾̫ˣֲҪȡů˵Ϊռˡ
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˲ͷһȻӦȻٻ£˳е
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ôôĵ񣬶ʵǵѹɫô
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оϵϢ¶ʧֱһ㡣ʵûиоʲôʹȥмľģ֪Ժھʲô㤡
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ЩǲǶˣǳս⣬ԪȼΪٹ
ͻȻϷңڳѾܳĵطҵԪȼ顣
һ֮£ð
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Ȼʷʤ߱дǶôƽ鰡
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飬ˣҲԴΪܣһԴΪ٣ֻҵĻ뻯ܰѵ̫ӵķɻ֮һ


80 
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ǧһһᣬ͸оһɺԼԻŻƤĶ
ݵһһ֧һող鿴Ļ̿С
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ʮ뿪ǵʱʮ꣬ʮ꣬Ѿ仯ܴ΢װһ£ǼʮҲϲˡ
ʮհ죬漴ͷԸһܱߣϾһж̫æˣ¶ʲô˿׷١
΢΢üʮ˵Ļжݡ
һ˵øһʲôĹϵŻΪԼҪˡƺͰǱˡ
֮ǰû
ϲʤκ˵ϲ
ֱתѣ黹˼⡣
ֻ֣ˡ
̫ɱˡ
Ŀһߣͼˣô𣿡
ų鿴һʮί
ȴΪ۵ã
ųı֣Ҳˡ
˰ˣˣøлæס
û¡ġɳɤ˵
ѹһʱЩţջ࿪ڵΪʲôԼİȫң㵱ʱ֪ôһ˹һԷƫˣˡ
Ȼأ𣿡ȻҲ֪ʱԼһʲôǼȻˣ˵Ϸ϶Ҫá
ǱˣҲô𣿡ͻȻʵ
ȻܡҲ÷˵ġֲɵϧġ
ˡأ
һҭôᵽˡѵڻϲˣУԼж໨İԼİǱ
ɴ۾ûлش𣬳ļˣѿڶ׻ϲϲԼ
ǻߣͱˣ㲻ͦϲ誣ܻɸΪˣҪң£֮ʮԡ
Դоϴ¼඾Ĺؼܲ±ȣʤڴһˣԼģάס衣
Ͳַˣܣģһ㶼ϲһ㶼ûУǹȥ飬ҾͲˣڸཻ̹ꡣҸľһϵûСе㽻ά˲Ҳ˵ദ̬ȣ
ȻҪʳԼй˵ѵ⣬ѻԲȥǸɴѯʣȻ˵ǱԺǱ̫׽ĺáϾһδǰѡվǺðյ飬֮ǰΪʲô𣿾ѡĻӡ
ͻȻඥĸоҲ˲ʱֵԭȻԼ֪Լ϶վһӣ֪ϲʹҳϣˣǾ͵ǻһЧңǶԾǱѡ
ǴֱУǲںǲİǲڰġΪ誹ϵˣվһΪˡ
϶ʱ䣬ͻȻĮΪ˵ѺάҪӵĻˡ
Ȼ˵࣬Ǳĵʱˡ
ˣʵվ⣬Ȼ컰˵ҲͲˣʲôҪᡣ֪֪˭;Ժѡ˭Ҿѡ˭Ҳվκˣֻվ㣡
ɣĵСܣȻֲΪ˴ֱСܣԿҰɣҲ뵱˰
Ȼ仰ɱˣʱͽסˡ
վңѡ˭ѡ˭Ķվܲǹغδ;пܹغ黺
Լ˿ڣʾʲôȴץס󣬲׼
ų𽥱仯ЦţԼѡѡģѵҪ߸𣿲ʲô˶ʸԽͻһҼȻҪȻҪѡԼεһ𣬾Ҫͬһϵơ
Ĭˣ֪ǲǱͻȻıסˡ
ץס֣վˣҸദ֮Ĺϵȹ̣֪дǻҲд룬Ҳˡ԰ҵǽ㣬ٻǲϯʬˡԺ˵վ˭վ˭
ٴαޱı̬ˡ˵ֱ׵ıڳ鿴͸ɵһƫƫɵӵļ²ѡ
ôһסҵıܣˣҷˣ
Ҫ˵ûбĸѡôŷ
жϲԼ
ȻĻϲһϲäĿĳ̶
뵽ķ·һСȼƵģͬʱҲɵϲƭ˺
ôɵԺǿ㣬Ա˶ģý˿еͷʣڡδ᲻һ鱾ܵľܾ˼
ֻ֪ȻͻỤ͵ˣܵܿһΨһļˣر˰ɡ
ͻȻúܺЦ֮ǰѾ¶ĸˣԼСôֲҪ˺ѧЩСܵġ
ֻҪҲˡ
ѶעѹϣǳȻ䣬Ҫٻ󣬵³֮ΪܳˡӦõĻر
ԡƫִţϲҰɣʹһӦ˵ϲҲϲˣֻϲҡһһҪġ
鲻òϣϲϲŵĸо޷ϲָˡ
˵ô࣬㶼ûбʾ𣿡ϵı仯Ī⣬Щĵʵ
ȴͻأɳˣһ˫
̫һˣҲûôı£ҾԲϯʬͶˡ
Цˣ㡣
ЩʧĿܸоһȷĶ𽥳ɳһЦø˿ۣЩεͱһ㻹Цõĳ
ȻҪЦҸоĺͺˣ⻹Цܲս
ͷеһв¼ɶѾ뱻ϲαеϲ֮УѾǲεĳˡסˣֻҪú֮ǰ˵ĻҵһϵƣҾͲս
˷ܵգۣȵһɹôߵܰһ빬𣿡
ҪҡͷܾͷŸһۣ֮ĳ˿Ҳñˡ
Ȼ֪װģǳ黹ˡ
ΪãΪңͲܻɱ𣿳ҪʲôҶԴӦ㡭˵ͻȻһ٣һε룬ԼôĳŵһʲôҪ󡭡һȡ
ᶨƵ:Ҫ빬
:ҿһ¡


84 
ˣǻǱߡ
Ѿðˣ¡ǵ֮˾Ϊˣʱȫ׷ɱˣˣ취ҡ
׷ɱҵ˰ʮܸоСˡˣ誺񶼲ܸɳôɵƵ顣ûгɹ᲻ɱ
˰йأӵɱˣǶڶٽʱȫ
ǲҪظˣʵ
˿ڲжһ˻ظͨһ˵ɽ˴٣ˣõ˿ߡ˵
ȻİšûһдŽʾûҩˡ
ÿһԿţ鲼ժº˿ڣɵĿһ顣
鿴۵ɫɷףȥס֡
ѵ̧ۿ˿ǿ¶һ΢Ц
Ȼҩü֮Ѿ˾뵡֮ɫϢԼȳȥ¡
ų뿪Ͻϵͳ̳ǣϾͷԣûбҪίԼոǲȥ
˰ҵһʵҩһֵԥˡ
˿ϼҪ10㣬ܹ63㣬ȻܲµõЧһˣǡҪһ̣˵û⣬ԼȥⶫٲӶ࣬ʡŵ㻨ɡ
ɥķҩ㣬˯ȥ
֪˯˶ãͻȻСĽ֡
ЩҪܾѣԷƺԥһ£վǼֽ
ЩĿǰĳ飬㲻𣿡
ǳɫȴѵõࡣ磬Ҹ˵һ飬׼
ôˣͷһ
鿴ǵǵģһſڵ磬ոŻغȴ֪ͻȻأѾ˻ԣ֡
ͫ˲һ׺䶥ĸ鲻ȴһθоĸ׵ĹػָоǰɼģҪס
ԭʱȥģΪԼıһЩ飬ϰסлȥĶıڣʱ״̬˺ܶ࣬ôͻȻˣ
ѵֲŵģ
ڣʲô˵ֻ˫峺𽥺նĿϷ޴
鱧˿ڳײָ۾ϣۣԡܿͻᵽġ
ҹʱ֣ڻص˰ϺȽԺڣѾܿ˶ۼˣǳƲӣ·ֳ
ݣһмֶԲߣȫעҩԣ·ŵǾҩƵġһ࣬ϵɫڷһ֣Ȼܡ
Ҳ޷˼ˣתͷֱӳȥ
һȥޱѹֵĿñһڴš
ϺڴߣصͼιЩĲ
һԵĶȻվţɫѾҰһƬȻҲشĴ
һˣĶ䣬һҺñס
֪ڿ϶ʲô˵ҲܣһӦˣһ߷ߡ
Ϻɫ̬׵ÿλãĸ˵˵ɣѾû취ˣһˡ
ľĿŴϵԣһ򼴽ȼıоһʱĲ֪ôԣֻૺĸףĸףһˡ
ûʲôʶȴܵսĵ֣֣Ͼ׻ǰֻûм
оԼҪˣסôĳءһͷԱ߾Ȼ׼ΪƵ磬ϴλĸ׻˵´ܴˡ
ѹסҪӿᣬϵͳ̳зѰʺϵҩϵͳҩǴЧҩġ֮ǰҹһ飬Ӧûб䣬;ƿݵϵͳҲ޿κεġ
һ־ѹоϵʹˡ
ͻȻŵֽ˽ˡ
ȥΪῴһ˫Բħ˫ۣȴ۵ĴȰ
ˣôˣ
˲޵ĸˡĸסӻˣԲ𡣡
ǿգ˵ҿܡŲȥˣмҪһ¡
ڵ״̬˿ǻعⷵˡ
ϺǰҶԲס㣬ʲôҪ󾡹˵
һʱû⻰˼϶Ľ¡
֪һˣʵǱߵǵҲûˣĺǽûκαӻԺӱȻùٳһʱ䣬ŵܶһʱ򣬿վŲסˡֻܾܵİԼĺǶźã۸
ϺҪһһӦ£۾Ҳ΢΢졣ģҲҵĺӡ
ֵ˺Ҫչ˽ãʱĳɳĸ׿Уʮָˣ֪ҵˣˣϧĸ׿Ȣӵһˡ
˳۽Ǿĸףô˵ܿģһܿġ
ȴЦˣƺ˵ʲôȴ֪Ӻ˵
˵ţŲ
ָϽùۼٺһЩܶȥģС첻µزµģ
ʵٶҲûˣͨĲܵã
ľÿλãһվţһ顣
ʱ򣬾ԱߵĳٶһЩӡ
ͻȻһͷͬһĴԺ
ͻȻǰһιĸ׺ȡ
һóϽǰס
ֲ˲ˮ뽻
𽥽Ӳ֫巴Ӧ֤˿Ѿ̫ˣԾٴߣιҩ
ȣҲͻȻǿӲһһ׵ǿι˽ȥ
ֻǱ˹ȣҪ
ֵʱ֮󣬾Ȼɫ˺ת
ԽˣȻеΪԼ˯ȥҲ̹Ȼˡ
˿˯ȴҶգۣʱô
һʹҲ֧Ųסˣȫѹ˷ĳϡ
üͷεʱ򣬰ȥڷ䣬˿ڡ
˿ڵ˲֪ǳʲôĸһۣôǸġ
峿ûȴϢе˶ϲţ˹ͥԺл𣬴򶼲֣֮Ϊ漣Ͼһ;ƿݣˣȻһ˯ȥڶ͸˻Ƶģһôȵĵסˡ
Ҷ˵þŹһ⣬ա
ȴû֪һжǸڻ˯֮˵Ĺ͡
ϵͳ̳ȷûּҩ˲裬̶ͬȲͬ⿿޷˵ģǳһ仰
һЩʱգʦͻĸ׳ŵʱҲоˡ
ʵ֪˲ܲѾһֻ̤Źص˵Ҳ֪ҽʦܾܲ缲߾ȫһ£ںġ
ˡ
ѹĻЦ֪Լɹˡ
ٿϵͳ档
֣13
鶯ǣһصǰȻ۲أһ˲边ȻҪ50֡
ԼԼ֮ǰûû֣ڵѿˡ
ϵͳȽﶼԼˣǿ󡣡
û뵽ϵͳȥ˵ˡ
ЦһǱˣҿ϶ðˡ
硣ҩڴϿЦǰ磬һϢĸͦˡ
ţˣҶףǲֶ֪ܼãϣܿҵҽΪĸҽΡ
Ŀţҵġ
˵ţϺҲ̽ˣȽϹĵôܵˣǲ˵ٷˣֱ˵ȥѪԨµҪɱ
Ϻɫ˱䣬ǵʲô𣿡
Ҳ֪ҵ˭֪˭޲
ϺȻ֪˵ʲôֱӵԴϴ¼ǵнǮȥ򶼱ƿصһʱİɱ㻳ɵ˸ɵġ
Ҳ̫񣬰Ϻ˵֤Ĳ룬Ǿˡ
ȻûͷֻصϣȻһӹˣǰϺȴǲֹ۵ġ
Ϻ̾İ䣬ſģϾԲãҩʯ飬ôһ졣
Ļʮֲ̲סҪһ䣬˵Ϸˣүȥ
ֱŷӦһֱòԵĵطĸ׶ˣΪȴһֱڣϡˡ
飬ᣬ˳źͶֱ֣ôһûõȥϣҺñ鰴סˣҪȻ˿ڵٱһΡ
ԭĸ׻ͻȻأȫǱϸá
֮ǰ˻֮Ͼͷ˺ôһͨƢϾӣ˵ֵ̱ܣñߵ˵£ȻϺᣬĴεĳߣȻǱֺϳţҲ޿ɱܡ
ôһȥģֱòˣֻҲˡ
죬ͻȻ˵Ҫ࿴żң˵ʲô˵Ӧ¡Ѿ׼ȢˣҲټˣôôµĻԼܾ֮£ɰúôֱֳ嵽Ǳȥ
һʲ֪ҪֱӼ޸Ҳҵӣı磬Ĵֶӡ
Ǹʮ꣬ɥżԭ˾ǱġóҤӣϽƤﻹһѺҪֻܿݽӼã磬ȴϺ˻šһֱȢϼҲΪû˸Ҽޡ
û뵽ԼžȻڣֱǰĥǶ϶ԣǰҶ䲻ĺӣû˵ڼ޹Ů˻ҪͲˣֶԼˣϼס
ûǮ𣿷ˮټ˺ˣǼӺӶ඼ͦõҲиÿ롣
һףԽӼϣ˵ܰ˸Ͼͷ
һѪ˳ѸٲУݼҲһҪϱӣڵװװε˵ûˣŽ˰Ѻүߣһ״ء
50־޶Ƹԭôûģ
ֱֽűʱźүˣӦҪŵһ¶ϱһ¹ϵ
ðϺָʲô󲡣Ǹĸʹɡ
Ȼϸյſڣͱסվŵһ˪
飬ǰȥɡͻȻ֣صĸ׳㣬һǰȥһ徻ĵطס


85 
ǲ𣬻㲻
̣ţԣ׾ͻᱻϲТڹŴТس̶ȾԳ
ίǱ۸ˣֻҪһТñӿδͳͳٵ
ĶͷҲûа취
ܵǰȥ뾭ѵ顣
£οأֱͷ
ɫɷףᶼۿдȦˣûð벽
ӲãǶȻһ㶼ãﻹе㻢ֱװͰ͵ĵǰ棬ϽѾǰģȻᱻһ߷ɡ
ϺʱɫѿѵÿԼĸʲôӣǵʧķ𣿡
ף֪ĸΣҹͲ㡭ôתͷʹĸأ𣿡
ô󣬾Լ鶼ûôɫ
ǰȻײϺΪŭŤˣ̧һƾҪ
ʹסʹ졭
ף
ڳͻ֮ʣͻȻһһС
˿ȥֻסվڸڷſڡ
Ϻİûֹסˣ͸ĹƵģǿװļǿѡ
㣬ߡ֣˹
ûſڣϾֺҪŽȥ
ĸĸ׻ûѣҪĸ᲻ĸ׸ոҪȥ˵ɡ
˵ʲôģΪĸ̽һĸףһʲô̬ȣ治
Ȼңаɣ֣ȥ뼸λͬĸһȥСľĸ׵ľĸٶѪʱĸһε϶æңмԤţҲֲ
һ仰췢ȫ׿̣Ѿ֪һԵɡ
㡭һϰԵƷͷ
һˣ˳ţȽſ죬үȥҪȻϲĸεٶˣ
˳ϵȥҴ򣬱ܻߺˣϷҪεˣ
һڣôǰҲҪӣ˼εǰѷͶԼĶӡ
ˣͺúõˣһҺĸģ
ֻǹĸĸ׶ѣһĸһȥû˵ϻĸֲˣǡ𣿲ô˵˵ʲôʱĸײҪˣĸ̽
Ƕҳһۻܰˣŭ
˭֪أĸķաϵļЦҲάˣ԰׵Ƥ鿴ʮˡ
̬һ㶼ˡϺҲͷˡ
Ϻʵһֱͼܿ˵صԭ򣬱Ͼе㲻ʵġϣٴϱĳţ˽Ըһҷ粻;ҲӰ졣
ȥϵʱ򣬰Ϻк£Ͼ飬ԾڰϺȰ˵̽ǵͷͽˡ
ڰϺһ֮£ϲֹͷģĿϵͷƻ˳ֻҪһȦͺĳҹˣȴԽԽĺ
ǻĸҲǲ⣬̫Сˣһ㶼Ϊֿǡ
˳ֽŹȻ죬ס˹Ūĸո˯µĴΪֳأ𼱻ǵĸϹ
һǹʵĸǲҪҽȥ˵𣿡
Ҳ˵ϣ˵Լһ˵ûѴˡ
ոմӲΣȹѾ漣Ƕұ֤ôڳҩ˯أôŽȥأѵү֮ǰǶüŹʱٱ֤첻ţﲡȶ
һλֱӰѰϺϸµòᣬֻҲ޷ϾԼ˵ġ
ЦЦʮ㣬ܴˣף˵أ
Ϻû˵
漴һ٣˵Ͳ´Ҳ죬˿˵Թ̡ܽ
ȵ뿪ϺͰϺȻҲȥ˼뿪ˡ
һߣȥţСĲ鿴°鲼ȷû֮󣬽üͷɿƬֿ̣۵ֱǣ̲סҶ˵ȥƫҪǿ
϶ֻùķʽﵽĿģӳȥЧһֱ⣬ĸʱڶ֣ĸܴ̼ˡ
룬ҲֻܳǶԵģĲ
˫΢΢ЦҸոյ顭
Ŀһûлش𣬾˽
˽ҿڣĲ֪ôźá
ô˵Ѿúܺˣ쿴ô¸ҵĴ㣬Һܾϲ
ÿλãڴߡ
Ȼͷһֱչˣ˵˽ٷˣ˺ܶ࣬ȶˣҲϽȥϢһ£ѹѹ
һ£
ܿ췴ӦǱģҾȻȥϢˡ
Ҫ߰һʱûзӦ
鿴һۣһԸӣԥһ£վˡ
Щʵ㣬ʲôҲģҪ֧
ӣʱ󣬡֧ûаֲˣ㻹Ҫʱ̺չ𣿼ȻصˣҲӣҶңտҲ˵ùȥڸ˼һȥϢ˰ɣ˼ҿһҹûأ屾Ͳá
˲侪ѹ˵ʮеϰԵճųˣܾӦôһ룬ֻǱֵܵĹϵ֮ǰ̫ѧ˴ҥһ룬ͻȻеΪʲôոԼҪһȥʱ򣬳ԥˡ
˼ҿֲĸ࣬Լҵߣܵʱ˽ı㻼빲Ľ飬ҲҪԼ˵ĶλΪ㣬ΪԼķ㣬Ūûڼ䣬ͺˣҲһֱճš
˵еҸһ¶
ͷ뷨˵𽥱ɫܵƺҪҡͷȴͷԸģǲ֪ĸô˵ҡǼеӣײȥġ
ֱ˵ǰȥ϶ѣϾϹأǿĸΪɣᵽԶĵطȳȫТĸ׷Ǹǰ
룬취ȷǺõģĸԸǰ游Ǳ߳£ڸдʱͿ԰ȥǡ
ûǵһ㣬Ǿͽ˶֡
һ˵飬۾ˣҰܵɫҲþū֧үľ͸ˣүģ֮һֱͲǶԺүԺʲôΪǣˣûסħ֣۸ڼȻҪߣһԸǵġ
ôһϯ˷ġ
οĿĽֻҪĸǱû⣬⡣
УȵҺĸȶҾȥҸ˵֣ȰеĵҳûкõȥûУǾ򡣡Ҳ־ʱˣܻϳͿһȥˡ
ȵȣޱޱ𣿡Щ㶵
˶٣ҲÿԸԸ߰㣬ĸС࿴飬ô˵
˲ɫˣȴֱԲ˵ޱЦ̬ȣΪĸẦҲΪ޵Ů˲ܼ޵úãܼ޾ͲˣһֱŲޣŻӰǺŮҵӦ¡ǱߴϢӭȢ鹿ȥõĹͷ
ʵϣ΢һ㣬ûڣҲô˽
ĸȥֻͬżȥһ£ޱͲظȥˣҪ飬δĹȥʡֱֱ˵İ
ȴڵոүᵽ˳үѵүҲҪͬһ𣿡
㵽ǡ۸飬ôʹţǡб뷨Сʵ
Ů˺ɵĿ⣬ΣҾǸϵãֵܿҸоҲѹ֣ߣҲһ㡣
ֺȴͬʱҡͷ²ס

⵱ȻףʮҪˡ
һϽסʮǰ̫Ͼոշ
ʲôȻ֪סվǰ֡
ոϢ飬֪ǹ֧Ϊ˿и׵չˣȻͲͷסҲһʱһ㡣ΪʲôǷִ磬ΪˣŲİɡ
ûκӦһֱʱ̴һ𣬸οһȥסأò˵ᵽһʱһƬհס
ǵ׻ֻǱֵܹϵѣϵٺãûɲĸ;˾ߣűˣֲ˽
ȱסںΪּҳڣȥסһʲôӣҪҪСѹûпǵһ㣬һʱ嶯˵ˡ
ôǱʶΪ뷨ҪճţǲǾһս֮ӡ˵ǸĵζǣԺôҸս
ȻѾúöԴˣݺΣҲ˽Ժϰˣ֣޷Ӧ
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һЩɻĿʮ֮ǰʮΪ飬ͦõģôͻȻôܣ
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86 
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ʮ̫ˣ͸ԴһԼ˱ô˵һ뵽Գܻе˼ʮҪޡĵڳû书ڼ䣬һı۸ˣǶǵʧְǼֱġ
һɫҲˣ룬ܸоﲻԡòǵӺǱͷ̬
С۲ӵ𽥱仯飬һĸоԣ̲סҲǸͦõģ˵ĴԶԶﴫΪ档
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87 
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ʱıԺѾͯ˴ʹʲôԤõģסĴ
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88 
ףȻǲףģҲ˵ԲʲôҲ״
ϣ˷ܵĿԼԺӺ͸ԤԺ֮ڰŸо˿еۡ
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˲䱻ŭҪվˣͻȻ˰סתͷһֻ˳һ۾档
ܿĶŵ̹ˣĸǱѾתܶ࣬ȶĸһֱϣרעҵⲻʹ˻ûãͱĸˡΪТ˳ôġΪô۳Ĳ飬˵ǵȴʻ㣬Ȼ֪̹Ӳ֮⣬һȥ˾ĸպòʣǡ
ɫ˲䣬ŭ˵ʲôʲôʱˣ
ȻһӣԵ÷ŭ쳣ݺݵĵų壬Ҫȥƽ̡
ϵͬѧ̹Ӧòǹģ̹ӣ㻹ϽǸ
ʱﻢ£ͶûҲֻҧƿǸҲûõ˼ϣ٣
ȻãܱƵóǸǺˬġ
뿪ֿڵڸƨһʵᣬһֱŬ飬ҪٽŻ֣̽ᣬǲ˼
һ£ˣתҪͯˣһͿЦӴˣ壬ҶӮˣɣһ
ŷӦΪͯжԼ˻ǼıԣҲΪһǲͯѣԲ
һ֣עתˣרӦͯЦŴյߣװ˵ܡ
Ťʲô壬ˣ𿿹˿ڡ˲˵
ŵϽֻŤͷһίĿų顣
ȴԹԵĿ飬ƺԾɲ
˵ʲôǰվסһˣˣ
ҲԵôô˹ңǰôûִٴθоڻҵĲͬ
̧ͷһ誡
ɫе㸴ӣɨһۣתˡ

ˡͻȻź
תЦΪΧڽʱͻȻſڴһС

е̫ʵˣĹ
תͷȥͿӦСǵڵϣֵĿ
ҿ˿ȷӦСڿɫѿ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
й
һɻ
ܿ죬ӦСͱŮŻŵȥǵλá
һСˡ
ĿνҪɢʱ򣬳黹һӣߣϽס˳飬ܣҴˡ
һҲߵĲˣԭҪͬһģҲֻҡͷЦȥʳ˵ˡ
һ£Էֻʣˡ
ֱѵ绹ˣ֮ǰǹҶҾͲŴߣ
εĿų顣㿴㣬ոճҵʱ򣬲ǻ˵֮ǰûѵңҶǸˣôһӾˣȥ˺𣿡
ô˵ŭˣǰѵˡӡ
֪ҲǵҵģҰ˽ΣллϽ
ѵΪʯ׶˿˺㾿֪֪Լʲô״黹û
ҡû¡
û£㲻ղŸ˿ѿ𣿡ʵ
ʱһô֪
һ٣ʵǰһʮȥʱ򣬶һǻʱעһǱߵ㱨һ˵⼸յ˵Ҫ鵱޿κΡ
Ȼ֪ΪηҪʱҲ޷ֹֻܰ׵Щڷ棬ڴϣ峹׺ˣš
֪Ȼа취֪ܵԱƭҡ
Ҳˡҵ˿ϺõģֻҪעУзִ磬ҿɲŪˣԺº֢ǺǺǡ֮ʵҲӦˣһʮҪ֪ʲô϶ܼ򵥣ԺԼҪСˡ
Ҳû̫ãϾµĳֻСЦ̾Ϣ߰ɣڲܳʳĶֱӻԺᡣ
ҵĻʳ˳Ż׼ãҲȥʳһݣǻҵԺһԣ
鿴һۣҲûоܾû
ֹڰˡ
صߣͲٵˡ
һ·ߣ˽Ĺ¡
ˣΪʲô˵ӦСйҲڵʱʲô𣿡ʵ
µɱˡͻȻ˵һ䣬ֱӽŲһ١
ų飬Ǿò˼飬Դ벻Ȼе㲻ԸӦСӦֻʹһЩСֶΰˡɱˣȻҲң


89 
ʵ黹Ҫǰ˵
죬̫ѧǵʹķз˵ٷˡ
һ£صԺᣬż
ˣôû°ɣ
ŵĳ̶ȳóԸвˬΪʲôôţǱĳʲô¶Ҳ
һ㶣ȷô£һޱĿɵεƶ˵Ѿ
ü˭˵ģ
ǹϵõǡ
ɫԲڣǡӦС
ԭһ̫ѧʱ˵鶼ˣٵٷˣˡʱҲֻЩǶѡڿҵݣ󻹻ܳ
ֱһտ£ܳӦСͻȻǰСĸ칫ӣͱæµˣҸ㣬ѾõϢˣʵѾˡ
õĴӦСӦСͲ֪Ϲ˵ʲô
ӦСʮƶ˵һˣˣ˵Ժûٲˡ
ӦСôȷҲɵĻˣ˵ӦС֮Իȴǰ֪Ϊ֮ǰӦҺͰϺĹϵܵһġ
Բڳ󣬱ֵô
Ѿ㣬ϾʮӦСӦСһ飬ȻҲģܿ׳ࡣ
Ҫɱɺܼ򵥣ϴˮ¼档˼ױҪǮϲ£׾ݣò⡣ǶʱսĽͱˣųԴסĵ˺⣬֮졣
ҲɺϣԪȼ̵飬ʮȥеˣҲйټҵȥ飬Ӧ¡ĸ׵ʱֻһСԱɾв룬֪˺ܶѪԨ飬ӦСҲ˵֪ô
ּĵ£ȥһ£ʮóˡ
֪ʹûгɹɱˣǮҲǲ˵ġûյǮҲûпΪˡ
е⣬ȻҪøĳɾ͸УǾǰҪʧ¶
ȫ̵ɫþʷ׳ʣǡݶ
ͬʱҲһٶԷʲôѶԸĶ󣬲ӦһǸһҷ壬约㣬ú
ɫҲ𽥵˲ңҲˣαȥͱˡ
ͱˣúõİá
ǡ
˵˵ģ齻ҡ
ӣƺѾмƻƵģ˵ʵĲٿӦСˣɱֵˣ
صԺᣬ˳ž˳ʳ֮ǡù̽
˵һΪ̵ĽǶƫƣ㲻ϺأҲͦ鷳¶˲ͬɫӦ̫ѧġ
ֺɣѯĿҵҲ鼮ʼǵġ
Ͻл˵һ˳žҪҩˡ
ͳ׼뿪
ˣܣΣҾԺϢˡϼǵҲΣ
ͷӦ¡
ȵͳصԺ֮󣬳ͻȻʵ֣ոջﻰⶼѯʱʲôʱܺãʲôҪұ𣿡
һ㶣̾ڳУҪڷżǰٸġõжκǱñ𡭡һᣬڼ䣬ôʱĻӻκһˡǼһܵõĻӵ̫ͨѧ֮󣬺ܶͺ˵ܶࡣ㲻ܣҲ졣
ʵ֮ǰʾ飬֪ҪʲôĻشҲȷҪĿҲܼ򵥣£ѵݣҪǸԼؽ塣
ǻؼҺ͸κ£κȻ΢ʣͳͲѧԼڰϺп޵Ĵ;ϴչͼûжٱˣֵ˵£Ϻ
κӦˣǳ̫ͨѧĿˣڹϵϣԸһ
̫ͨѧĿˣ˵ȫûѹѧӣο黹вڣҪް취
֪κ˼ǱųѡĻһˣ͵ǽǵĻرҲҪۡ
ϲȨҲԥҪҪѳǣϾڻʹûб˲Σգ۸ġ
һҲóѡġҪ𣿡
Ȼл鵭ЦҲԤ֮Уӽ󣬾ΪĻӡҲҪȥءӦ¡ȢģϾӦ黹ûء
ģĿǺˣȷϵ
ͷֹ֪ʲô󡣡
һֻ˵ͬɡ
ǺãһᰲŵģǱߡ
Ŀ
ϾǷ˵ģҲ֪費ҪˣһǰģҲ֪οڡˣҲᣬϾ̫£Ϻˣԡ֪ʲôӦҪİɡ
Ĭһһһġ
ʵֻҪ񶨣ûˣǡԼִֹ֣ˣ᲻ǰ̫ѧһֻΣյİ취ȥء
̾һͻȻȻһ
磬ſأͻȻţ˳óȥˣͺһԼ
һɵˡ
˾Ȼ誡
㡭ûȥ𣿡ȵ
˵誳
һҪŵӣлվſ˵š
һɵӵı鿴ˣҪ˵϶
ǹɶɶģҲܹһң
ĵźɱңҪǸˣҿûһΡ
һ죬ŵһֻýŰϣһ䣬˵⻰Ц𣿡
㣡ٴᣬҲܣȥϴѾ˵ĺˣҲûʲôҪ˵ġ
誼ֱҪЦˣһŮģһ䣬仹һУӡ
誺ܿ췴ӦŶôţϴײ϶𣿺ò˲źͺõİɣû뵽һԡ
ˣ⻰ɲ˵ұֱУ׵ĺܡ
˵׷ܣ˵һԾ;ԲУպǻˣţǹΪ»ʵͬ¼ᱬһΡ
¶һЦƺڳЦûƵġҲøƽϡ
㵽Ҫл˵˵Ͻߣ𡭡ι㿿۸Ҳж
Ҫͱ誰ס򣬡ʲôҾǿʲô
ҿǶ䣬Ҳ˺еִݣ
ɫ¶һ˿Σ漴˵˵ʲôѵһܰǹ㿴ɣ
һɵĿ誣ȻŮˣǸɵı뺷鲻٣˭֪ΪĿĻΰ
ϸһ˿ŭ˵һ㣬Ӧٷˡõҩ㣡
˵ž˦һɫҩƿ
ס˲䷴ӦѾͷ϶Ϊһǡ
ֱЦһģ֪㣬Բ͸¶ʲô
˲ɫһ䣬Ȼ˰ɱˡ
ҿû˵еҩƿ
һƬ򿿽ƺϣнٷˣϮֻпɱжüѾ֪˭ˣԲôƶɱڣ
Ȼ¸޹أ˵ôˣ˵˵ˣϽ߰ɡֿʼˣҩƿҲҪҲƽ޹ʵĽĶ飬ǲѺõĹϵ
調̬Щŭ漴ԼĵڶĿģͿڵҿı֣ƺ
⻰˵ģѧӣ˭룬ĶȥԺˡ֪Ҫ˵ʲôֻϽֶԻ
ͻȻ調ڵҪҪҡ
һŵ̧ͷȥֻ΢ڵ飬ұǸܵܣǽȱһģһӰѡʵġ
ɫҺ˵ҲǵĶ
誰Ȼ̧ͷֻҪ⵱һӵİĿʲô㶼ᱻȳΪһѵΪԼ⣿ڸ·һõ·ֻҪңұ֤ڻʹİȫһΪӵĸ
֪ʼղģΪ֪ܣ£ԼˣվǺµģͱΣһɱɣһˣܾ͵˵ðաȻɱǾ߿š
οѾˣ£мĿ£˰Ϻһ˫ĺΪβ
誼ֻ˵͵ô㻹бĸõѡ˵ʵƾһѪԵݣ㵱ĿԴ𣿳һӿϿҪ㣡ֻܰ쵽ҪȡҫҪ˳ļ̳֮λͳΪҵˡڣδһû⡣
һ飬⻰̫񼴽Сĸ¼ˡ
ǱĽӽ誵ķݣûʲôˣǵһΡ
ĪЩţֻҪ֪ôѡ
Ǻܿ͵õ˴𰸡
ֱ壬ǿ𴲣ҩƿл룬ҲԸ⡣
誶ʱоһŭҩƿȻǸɵӣûҵ˼𣿻˵ѾͶĶ󣬻ǰϺͶĶ󣿡
²ҪĲ¼ɸԼ鷳ɴװɵӣ̫ˣΪΪʲôͻȻŬҪģˣ֮ǰһһء
һ漴˼ѵΪܣ
ûش𣬳һǵһǣСߵſڣſ˿ûˣŷĿˡ


90 
԰㲻ǲµϲ飬һ첻УҪʱ̸һûʲôԶͱֻԼϲߣҪҾŬϣѡʲô·Ҿѡʲô˵ôûáΪұͲΪԼ
㡭ûϢΪһˣⰲԼδ㡭Ҫˣо͸ЩΪ˻ûӵŮһ
ԺҲ£뷨ˣȻЩһҲͦáɲ塣
˵ֻһ죬㰮һ˰ȥʱͻףΪʲôֵõģ
ߺߣ˵ģ֪ʲô㶨ɣδúô
誶ݺݵĶ㲻˵ֱô㻹бƷ֮𣿡
˵ˣ˵Ҳ֣֮ǰҲ˹󣬵һоûУô˵鷴ѹɽѵ˵̫ˣ
ҰֻҪܴߣҾˡڳһĲڵӶ誡
ȻҲ˵ȥˡȻֱӺȥɣ̬
һ£ͿһƵˣǰҩƿ˹
ҰִĽϣҲδס
˶̽ͷȥе⣬˹ȻڻҪ߼һЩ˺ֳܶء
ĵĻȥš
νǰصԺᣬͻȻ淭һˣһ
ô
ӣ誵ȷȥʱġ
һԭⲻĻԭɫһʼ꣬δ죬ʮֵ߸Եı仯
һһʮרҵһ˵꣬ʵͲˣƽʱҲûô֪ߣȻôֱ׵ĸ˱ʾమӣϲ˱ټ˭˵οԼıܣҲôûûƤ
һеӶ̬ˣ˰ôңȴΪӣӣҲԼǿȨвӡֻǵҪߵİˣջôҳϣȻеɵͦ˶ݵġ
һˣȻӦ޷޶ԣӦҲһװ֪Ȼչˣǻرһˡ
ŮӣһеϣΪĸֻϧǸˣûȺãֻܹһˡ
ʱ֪һˣһᡮжޡ
þûзӦһĶˡ
ֱ֮󣬳ѹ
ûȥ𣿡ֵĿϾʱżΪȥء
ûֻǡʰһ¶
һɻ
ˣ޷չˣҴȥͬסֱӵ
סһʱΣǡͬס
ͷʼԹԵʰ
ϳ극Ҳûеȵ˳ŹȥˣûһͿ˳ŴС˽ֱӷŵ˶Ĵϡ
űĳ顣
Ŀɿڴôˣ㡭Ҫ
飬Խ౦ߵĴߣţѾƽˣϾ岻㣬˳ҹﲻϹأտһЩ
ǱߡһЩ֮ǰɵ
ʲôϵü
̲סԺϵͳûӰ죬ϵͳشɼ㡣
ʱڳĵǿпޣȻϲһסЩǳĴжҲ顣
ҲӦڳԼµ˽»棬ϾԼѾˣ϶Ǳ߸ȫһЩ
ͳͬԺʽʼ
ϣ͸˵顣
黰䣬ûдл
Ժжһ
һ񼯣5ȡĻӺøУԽΡ
һ£һʱûзӦɶ
߳Ѿڵȥ𣿡
ֻȰһţϽȥ𣿡
ºЦЦȥҸ˵ʲô
е㲻ŵĿųˣоԽԽˡĴȣԼӦǱˡ
㲻ͦԵ𣿡ڨڨ
ҷԾֹ𣿡鷴ʵ
һЦܡ
ʼΪ˱Σյ飬·һȥȽϰȫҪӦңĵ˰һҵģʹΣա
˿̵ͷĸ˹һˡ
ˣڵʱҪ飬ڲΪ˷񣬿ɡ
ͷﻹ˼أѾʼٵĿļѰйϵľˡ
ˣˣ󽻺ãΪ˾ܽӽĻӡ
ĻӲʮ꣬ʮֺƿأҸԪȼ죬Գõѡ
빬֮ǰ˾;һιϯڼһ档
ѵϯָľӦ¡Ȣ
һΣĻϮΪ˾˻ˣ˵ĻӵϲΪκûƱĻӣܵ𱸣ԭ׽Ļӵȴ˸ġ
ᵽԽܻõ佫ϾѾûп֮ˣֲˣԳԽͳ佫ʵȨĴڡ
Գʱ򣬶Ļӵĸ÷һ飬꽨ҵΪȢة֮ŮԼȴֱȢˣŪֻܽһθᡣδȡԳǿνǳˡ
һҲΪעĻӵİΣóˣġ
ԵȵĻӺȻԳͣ϶͵ҿˡ
ôôġ
һʵļƻ
ʱѾһʮæΪĻӺԳǣҲΪ˽֮ĻεİλһɱϷ
ƼϾ֮һûκݱˣʲôЩױԼء
ˣ߽÷ɺةС
ȻĿĿ϶ֹôֻ࣬һʱҲ벻ˡ
ЩңҺԸȥһȽӵʱԼ֪ܶǺˡǳԼҪ飬Ӧ˳ɵģԼֻҪԹ۷С
ӹúƽҲ԰ˡ
һ죬ͻȻһµ̨ҽװɺӡ
Ҫɻʵ
صЦЦ̫ѧѾյӦ¡ٻ̫ѧ׼͸Ӧ¡ĺ񡣡
ôᵽϣ
ⱾһֱϣѾ׼˺ܳʱˣֻڵȻ͹ȥѡ˰æƼƽ̡
ˣӦָǲϰɣȻΪӦ¡񣬺ʲô𣿡
ЦЦ溬һҩĥīʱɢֻҪӦ¡д֣һ£ⱲӶˡ
۷ŹĿų顣ᱻ𣿡
īУ˭鲻
ôõĶ𣿡ʱ
ҪεҪһĲϣֻһ顣
ʵǳʦǰΪ˳оģ֪һĺԲԼĽᷢӣͷģӴ˾ҲӲ񾭡
ɱ˲ͷأõĥõĳͷֻûֵûǹ˲ֱģȻҪĥǳһ硣
ˣֻǾͦõģԺĵĻ˾ôԸһ绹һ˫ءЦĻӣӦ¡õ͵飬˺󣬿ôˣ硣
׼ȷ˵񣬻һӦСֻǳû˵ˣΪĿǰܰٷְȷ
ʮպܿ͹ˣ˿Ѿϣֻʱ˶
ʼݼٵĵ죬ʹųǵ¼ˡ
µĸۡȫӹƼְȨȻܹܼңֱӴų˵סգһغڣ⼸Ӱˡ
ΪΣҲĬˡ
鱻ȥԺӵʱΪ⣬ΪԺӵλÿ˵ʮֺ⡣
㿴ҵľڸڣƫƧǾԺӵľºã㲻ϲ𣿡Ц˵
һǽ֮棬Ҫ͵Ž书ǿ˶ԣʮַ㡣ƫԶʲôҲ˵Ķ档رʺһʮá
ȷ⣬һʮڰй۲ʱҲϲ֮ͳΪһʮЪŵءҲǿǵĻˡ
˼գͻص˺һλȥûʲôͻϺһƣûж˵ʲôһھˡ
Ȼ˳£ȷˣÿնҪԼһط棬ûҲʹӦˣϾҪæһЩ飬ǱġҲһĽڡ
ʮԹŷӦ̫ÿԼˣԼô˳ƴӦء
ǿÿ˶ϲǲõЦݣóû˵ܾĻ
ܿ죬Ӧ¡ĳ֮յˡ
ȻȢǶϾκҪ͵£Ҳѡ
ԳݻκҲۣϾԼǰȢܴܲҡڵĳְɡ
УֱӴȥԼԺӣȻǵȴϾĻӻûеԼҪȥæµ
ΪܰԺӣȴܿʹˡԽͻ䡣
˾͸ԼƵģҡڵĽһͿѾˡ


91 
ӴǻԵ֣ȻˡԽЦǰкֱӾĶ¡
ȴһɻɨΧ
Խовˣͺĳ
ɫʵλģ棬Щ˵ȥ˰ɡ
¸ɵĲصΪ͸Ҳ˵ȥԾ˼һˡԽ⻰һ˵ƺһµĻ֪Ƶġ
ܲġѵǸƻģԽЦ
ԽԼЦ˵ҵǺôΪ˱ⲨҼҳ㣬ˡ
ԽЦˣ£еľƱĵĻӵģ
ɫ΢䣬˵Ļʵ˽¹һˣûж⹫ѵԽ
ò˵Խɵģˣϵÿ˿仯ܸԽ޴Ϣ
Ϊʲô֪ĻӻȻ˵ģûô͡ԽЦ
һŮĻ£Ƕ飬ֵһҴݹٵףءֻʱ䣬Ļӵ˻϶׼ܳ棬κĻոְˡܿͻ빬ĻȻҲԸʾ׽Ϳ֮⡣ǼȻֲģ׼ѡĻˣ
һԽޣ£Ҳ̫˰ɣҺ˲ǳĶ֣ҪȻĸ֮·͸ˡ
Ҷ죬ֻȳ˵
ǳȴҲѡĬ˹ĸвˣԡ
ԽļԱǰȷĸǵѡ񣬶ǰشָڵĸƵġ˵ǲǣ
Խʵǳ飬ǳԾɺ޷Ӧ
ǰûȤԽʾͬ飬Խ˾ϲʾԼĴԷ˷Ӧͻӵ⣬µľһ㷴ӦûУץڡ
ȻԽЦݶάֲסˣ磬㵹˵˵һ˵ܼį
ſڵ㶼ˣһʲô˵ġѵԼжϲ𣿡
⻰ֱԽ˱񣬿һֻ¶еҭı飬ʱû
Խͷۣǳ鴤أǴֺĻӣʶǣҵǣĻȻСƢɲСǽԵʱ򣬿ɲôֺõġ
ֻǼһѣлԵȻʶûԵҲˡ鵭˵
Խų飬ܸоѾгƵģк
ҪЩʲôһֱȾƳԲ˵ĻͻȻ񾯾ʲôվ
ͻأľٶһ
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92 

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ټˣϵͳҽҪȥԶ


93 
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Խڻǰ־ȥ⿪⡣ɫĵ޳ָԽ𪡣
Ŀ࣬㡭ɡҪҧˡ
졣ԽģһڸģҪǿڴСһӳķϣӲŲأ
ô
һƬհףֱ˫һֱĿͫ׵ɫ˺̺ܶ࣬Ķ
ֵ֮䣬͵Ҹ㰴ĦˣǷһΣԺҪ۾ˡ
ͻȻɫŵһŤƺҪ
𶯣ԽͻȻͺһɤȻҲˡһҶˡıܷӦֻҪԽҲֻзӵķݡ
Ҫһʧأ֪ʲô𣿺ˣСʱһϴ裬ɶûһͽˣҶ㣬㷴ʲôѵñźһΣ㴵һˡ
ǡ鲻ΪʲôԽ˵ɣ
ţӦǲֵģϾԽ˵ģԽ˵鶼ǶԵģڴ϶Խġ
룬ͷķ飬Ҳ๾ķ
˶ˣϥر˫ϥأͷԽϣĿһƺԽỬһ¡
ȫƿˣԽͻȻǿˣĴ
漴ʧˡ
ûпԽѹֲסĿЦ飬۵׵ıҲľ
ԽһܴˣȤ˺٣ߵĻȤһǴСǻϲԩһĹϵԽеʱԼ۸ˣһ
ǵó󣬴Ц˵Ҫýĳĳҹʱ䶼Ը⡣
û˭İýȥɣ
ֱһס˿ֵԽֻõķֵõġ
õģԽʱ޷ָоһ仨
ԭңϲҡ
ȢãԽȤ˹һӵӣԼףԸ⣬ΪĵģҪѡԸһӣһȤ
Խͻ䶼Ӱ룬־ȤͶĺֵܣҲôΪ
Խȴһֱоƺһ
졭ԼȥȷϵĴڱ˳ԣϧҲõĴ𰸡


94 
ƫݣֱˤһϡ
óе³ǻۣҲҴùͷϾڻء
Ц¶浹ùˣԼһ£ܣȳȥɡ
ǳȴֱתһ£ֱߡ
˼ѵҪʣҲüһʱɣڻأ
ܡҡҩɵġҪˣΣΪʲôķʽǰҲϵĺһ׽ĲƵģдԩֶҪͷˡ
˭ȷأ㲻ϲˡ
һҭֱһ˵Ҵ󵨵˵Լһֱ˵Ͳεľˡ
Ϊ֤ԼֱУҲ޷֤ԼԲ¾зӦ
ⲻǰٿĪ𣿣
ͻȻоЩۣۣۣۣҲˣô࣬ô۲Ϊ˸˰æ¶
ˣ㲻ţҲ֤ˣ˵ٶҲû壬ȥɣĻҪˣǾȥٵ
˵Ҳܳˣֱ£
ˣҲˡ
ľٶȴİóĪһš
ͣţǷѾᵽĺãԶͷˣ
鲻ԼʲôڷµʱõһʱԼһǸֱӹˡ
Լ棬ǰѲ§һˣ
ԼĵطжܽӴϸ룬׵𣿲䵽
ÿһ涼ڳԺй͡
ҵˡôñԴ
Խ룬ŭԽ޷ԿأĿѣһϡҪȥ
ŵ˲䣬黹ֹͣ˽Ųӹһ˿ίǰͷֿһۣȻ̲סʡҪԼһж⣬ǻõһȥ롣
Ѿǹȥˡ
ͻȻһ㶣Ϊе㲻ԡ˲俪ڵ㸹ôˣǲǾ˳ˣ
˵ž˹
һɲó֪һֻᱻһ١ҪƱ磬Ѿˣְֱһԭ᧿Σ½ֱӴ󿪡
˿ڵĵطûʲô⣬Χĸڳ鶯Ȼ۵á
ɫڳڳ̧ͷܾ
ʵû£֮ǰܵġոհĸۣڻڲءû״óʹ㣬ܶº͵㡣
ͻȻһתεͷ࣬ڻУɵĸһЩ
ٸΣҪϷǳ⣬ţ
˵̹꣬Աԭ䱸ŵȲ裬ԭӦӦСȴĵطԶиµŮ·ů¯Ȳ趼š
ֱȶȸոպõɰ˿ϡ
ƺһʱоõ滺۶Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ǵͷһԼԾСѣһԣˡ
ǸȻȷɣһҪأҩӰ죬Լ²ȥġֽһ¡
Լֱӵ
ʲô㡭ҡ
ҲԽ˵ˣҩӰ˻ѣҵҪǲҩӰ졣
ôһС
ִͷۡǸϲˡ
治
ûȺáֱ׳
̲סˣΪ֤ף鶼weiʲô֤񰡡
У۾ܿ𣿡Ӧֱӷ²۾ϣٴ׼ȷȴ˿ڵĴλãֻ
Ǳ֣ƤˣҪֹˣɰٴ
Ҳ޻˵ͷ˿ʵȷס˳İֻ¶µıӣÿ촽
Ѿ̵ڣоԼľʹȥҪˣֻóס߳ܿʼԱΪ
ŲߣͲóֻҧססǺȴ·ڷ棬һж˲һķΧ
䶯˶ɵ¡
˫ʣʧͻȻһ˲䣬Ŀ֮ļֺֻ任λá
Լ֣Ƿɰϵ֣Ѿ޷ֱ档
һ˿Ǳ߳ܵ
̲ס˶壬ͷٿˣȴֿͻȻչĳ飬ƺǸоڶɻĿڳԸ̬ȴǿŵźĶ͵ǰ
ͷһҩɢȥĺ֢ģʶʧһ˲䣬һΪо䴦һʪȡ
ʲôĸоϤ
еһأȻǻ˹ȥ
ɰժ۵ͷеˣɫ
ո⣿
ĿƣѾָֻеǱȻ͹ˡ
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һͰͷŪȥˣڷڲסӺǣһעĿ
ǡݺۣ
Ժеٴαŷ
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ոֻòˮϴɾӡԽǳݺ۾Խͷۣ漴һƬհס
ϵϸ崥бϸ棬־Ȼδǵͬͼ쵽ȥĵطֱӴߵľݽʵһҧʹƺһС
ǱӰ˲֡Ҫĸо
ԣֻռµĺۼˡ
һϾġ
оеʹʱ򣬷ֻʣһˣҺûеѹҪȻⳡ̫ˣǵõԼҪĴ𰸣֤ף͹ˡ
̬һɣоҲˣǲϵʹͻأ
·ҵһ澵ӣԼ˿ʱһҲ
𣿵ʱҧôݣѪˣ
ô򦵽ǻһݮʱпô
ôûӡˡ뵽Ⱳӵ鲻λˣˡ
̫ί
ȵȣ⸱ӣոԽͳ鶼ŵģѹֳôأӣԼҪˡ̫̫˹ˡ
ԼӶڸǲסֻܰͷһоʿķٲǿڵ
һʰˣŷӦôŮƷ֮ǰŮӴ
еΣϽȥ
һžſڵĳ顣
˴һ棬ЩΡ
˷ͣӣ֪ôˣʱӲˡ
߰ɣӦҪˡ
ŶţȻŲѾˣһ뵽Ҫ棬ǽһ塣
裬һת˸ոյͥԺģ֮ǰͱǶˡ
ո˶ãȻ޴ӡ
ǹˣһãҡô
һ⻰˾񣬡ˣ
ǿվƵģҼǵһŮ˵Ͳˣ˵鲻ãأҡ
ЦϽӣʾ졣
룬ֱӼ򵥵Ľһ£ֻĸһˡ
û뵽ԼþȻӦСɳ飬һǣҺûĳ¡
أ
ӦСȥˣӦѾӦ¡ˡɲ˵ǰ淢顣
ûһʱ治֪ǺáʵѾôˣϾڼܵ޷ܣʱǳ֣Ҳʶһ޳ȥκĵλͲˣΪ˱סԼδķ⣬ֳӦϼףõİ취ڼ䣬Żһֱ˵ӦСĺãǼȫ⣬Բų²ߡ
ҧǰˣҲ֪Ϊ˴µǵ£ֻʱסƢλҳˣллĻǱӦѾˣλȻҵԺӣȥϯһʱǡ
ͷӦ¡
ҪߣͻȻɻǡԽͻأ
м¾ˡֱӵĿȴɨһԽմŵݣŴţɵڣ˿̾档
鵹ʲô
ԽӦǵĶԻ֮Ӧ֪ô˵
ое㲻ԾǻƣߵҲûж룬˾뿪Ժӡ
ֱ֮һ·͸ȥǰ档
һ·ɫȴһֱܳκǸ⡣
ŵ͵ͷԺƬļ䣬֪ʱѹסΪûпסҧ
Цʱװá


95 
ոϵǰ˵֮ǰ־磬Ѿ˲ЩˣĻѾʼһ˽
κ˽кĻӣ٣̲סѵ
ֱӹ׼õ亢ͯߣЩĻϲĶĻһʮֻϲЦ˵ȥ׼Щѹˣģ²㣬Ͳùˡ
ߵлκĻӱ˻ģɫźת
Ļֺʸոӭ׵飬ŪκβѣֻЩô˵Сӵĺġ
ܿĻӾʧȥȤ죬ֱȥ԰棬Ļ׼Ķ󲿷ֶҪڿյϲġ
ĻȻ˵Ӧ£ͬһ԰ߡһĳκͲȥˣĻӶ׼ȥչ˸пˡ
иĳ˻ʼһκԼĻ⣬һˡ
Ͻ˰ڰ֣ƺ̫˵
һκĻ԰Ļ԰Ȼûжɫ辰ŪʮֺãҲһƬ⡣
ˣպλͬҲڸУμϯģһԺ濴棬ҪҪһ˶һЩ
԰һĻֱӦ¡
ȥ˳
֮ǰҲˣҲྪ棬Ļӵʱ򣬸оһЩʮСк
ԪʣĻӣ÷֮ӣة
ԲͷԲԣһ˫ںڵ۾ģԵúܻ飬񣬶ԵʼҵֵˮƽܳɹδҲһ˧硣
ֻϧ겻ʮ꣬ȴǼлõˣľҲδǺõĽ֡
ΪδеĿܣԻ컻յʱԭеĳѾǷĻû˺˵Ļ۵ѪԳԣô޹ء
ѡĻĸ乬УóԺúȵĹšĻº¹㵣꣬Ҳһֱĥˡ
ڿʲô֪СеܡڵĳͲԭеıˣҲĻӵҲı䡣
˺ǵĻӣվڲԶĬԵԳԽҲСӡ
ǰĻȻֶԽ⿴˳Խһۣƽƽ佫İ˰˺ܶ飬вڵսпӺ̫Ԫȼδ³ӱҡ
˼򵥵Ľһ
飬ĻȺĶȻ
ϴ߳һİϺӣ
̧ͷһͼĻ˫СϽһУҰɣ죬
Ļǵ͵Сԣ뵽ʲôҪʲô
Ͻǰĵ£ǰֹӸոˣ˶١
Ļӱ£¶˽ݰԵıԣ㸮ˣôͲһˣѵóһˣһҪ
ĸոջָǿ򣬶ָѶȶһҪ۵ˤɡ
ǿĻӹִӣҲͷۣ˭бء
ҪҪװһװ֧ҪεʱͻȻǰ£ˡ
Ļһ㶣ԭЩ秵ĻǼ鳤ʮֺÿֱӾͲ˺øУɻϣʲôﰡΪ磿㻤ţ
ʵԭ˿ѾָĲˣҲǿΪܵõʶȻʮֻϲҲ֡ڸոգҺͱһԺͶһСñ˶˿ڣһڳʹأǿҲʧܣϾ߷һõӦ̰ɵģ˵µ¡
˵һѣеΪĻӵҪ󣬵ʵȴڶԻһڳ˶û˵ʡ
ʲôͶʱĵ¾ͺ
ͶҺͱһ뵽һ淨ΪУ޷ʱϣŰõһ淨
Ļ˲˫ð⣬ΪСͷûгߣҲϵʱ򶼲档һôԼ淨ʱתעͣ׷Ҳˡ
ĵĽӹõʼϸΧҲ¡
治ѣϾ֮ǰһֱѣƽʱҲһ𣬴δ˵ʲôͶ
ĵŲߣʲôʱ淨
Ŀɿڴǳ鴤Ҳ֪
˲ףʵǳģպֺĻӣΪ˴һռͣԾ˵һġ
ҲĺãֻȴǸ˵ģЩ졣
ôˣһٲ𣿡Ц
ûֻǾұǸš
ôĲļ򻯰ԼˣҪҪôţòҲǴԽİɡ
֪ҲܺСӿģһѿ淨ء
ܿ죬򻯰ˣ˵ĹûоãĻһ룬ɰĻӸ˻ˡ
ҪһͶ
ҲĿš
ͼĻ˼ȻͿʼԶʱ𲻸ߣĻ׼Ͷ
һֱӾһΧ˶ʶʱ񣬸ϽһֱӾͼĻ˵㣬飬ͶѾԽеĵλˡ
һоͺ˺ӣǽʹȵˡ
һˣʣµԽ
͵͵һۣ˾ȻûбĬͬһһһԣԵʮľȤ
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أͻȻ˹£ݸ̫ˣ磬ҷһ¡
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ʱĻѾų֣ҪˡĻһǶûƿغãֱӴƫˣǸԽڵķ
ĻӾͺһԽ
Խɫһ˲תȥ
һ˲䣬¹ͻʮֻĻڵĵط˹
ʼѣŻݣĻŵǱ˱˻󣬾Ȼ˵δһ
ҲĻߣѾͶ
ʱվͤеɴ۾λû㰲ȫ
ʱʮ´̿ʹ˷ĸǽֳֵоͿʼ
԰˲˴սˣĲһôܵжӦֻκһʮһץô죿
ЩǴİ
ʱ򣬺Ȼһ̿ͷﻹˣֱӳ嵽
󾪣Ͻˣɱǳ鰲ŵģǸոձʹ·Ӧþǳ֧֤İȫôڲָûµλ̿Լܲƣ
ۿŴ̿ͶҪͤӣ޿ˣҲЩˡ˿ӣɱֵ񣬲һʮġ
ôΪ˹ȻǱģ
ۼŴ̿ҪˣͻȻһֻӴ̿˹ȥתע̿ͻͷһ׷϶Ļ
̿;ΪͬΪڻҲ˲ǰһ޸֮ˣתרĶԸǰ
һʼǷҵģǵڶγֵʱ͵ˣתͷĵطûˣǸǶҪɱֱ練ƣԷûг֣ҿ϶Ĳһʮ
Ҳд찡֪
Ǿ˵Щ̿͸ǲһģ
Ҫˮ˳㱣İȫǳ֪֪ЩͻȻðĴ̿Ͱ
Ȼ֪Ĵž飬ǶԭļѾģԵ̿ͣһѴ̿ͣҲұ֤ˡɱмԭĳģڱôŪĳ鱻ˡ
д̵Ĵ̿ͶǸ֣ĻȫǶ֣ѾһƬˡֻлʼҵĻԿ⣬˫ʧʮֲء
ĻߵԽԽ٣ԽǱҲסˣ֪ʱֱˣһĵĻԵȥ
ĻӶſˣͣĺŻݣǶԷֲҪĴ򷨣ûס
ʱͻȻһƿͬ飬ǵ˵ƣԼǲܲ˵һ˹ȥ
Խոɱ˵ˣҪϹѾˣֻĿѵĴţĵ£㿪
ĻӿűƽѾŵĵ㲻
ǧһ֮ʣһֱԱߵĳͻȻ˹Ļӵĸǰ
ֱӴ̽˳ĸ
Ϥλãˣ֪⵽Ĵ̿ͻһʮųнһ̣ȻֱĻŵ̧ų˹ȥǳ嵽һҲӦϵͳһûзǾ֤û¡
Ͻƴ󺰣ܣ
ͱһĴ̿ƺƵģֱӳ׳һɢ˲ڰжߡ
Ĵ̿ͱͻΪŪˣһʱӦܿ챻ɱԽ󼸺ͬʱڣǼʹץЩ̿;ȻҲֱӷԾԷ׽ǵĻᡣ
ǸӵĺһֱϷˣȫ̿Ͷ
ȷˣǰȫһһʮ
ʱѾ嵽˳ߣɵĻӱųޡ
ĻӿϽ˺öѪ᲻
ǰæס˿ڣȴеˣϷģϵģϾʲô֪жż͵жżӡ
ɫ԰ײ֪軹Ǽٻĳ飬ɫ·ѪȾӣͻȻЩŵˡҲйһ֪жۣжˡ
ЩɻΪĿģô˺Լֵ
򡭡򣡡ͻȻԼԲŭ
ܿ죬κ˶ӿ˽ԾƵĿǡ
֪ĻڸУˡ
κɫѿ˵ĶӸɫƣϽ˾ԮҼǿȵͻʼһϹ
滤ͳĶʱ˿ͷס
ܿ͹æ˿ڡ
վһԣ˿ڻڲϵѪ̲סһʮ־ͲȻ֪϶ǳҪģҲ
Һãû˵ҪСӿɷˡһߴһ˵
Ͻѯ飬ϵĳ龹ȻѾ˹
û£磬żɳƵ˵
ͷӣж𱸣ȴ˵ʲôֻȻ˵ûãġ㡭죡
Ҳֻܳһֳ磬һˡ
򽻴ĺƵس̶˵һЩϾʱǱͱһԴ
˿ں󣬴ͼҴҵˣϾҪ̫ˣҲǿڳĻӵķˡ
䰲֮󣬾û˵ˣţ򵥻Ḷ́һŷӦһֱȻûпˡ
磿𣿡
ô㡣
飺


96 
ųһ޹׻ûڡ
Ͼʲôָ֪ʲôء
ѵѵȥĻ
˵Ϊ֮ӣվԱ߲ȣӳˣ˰Ȼ鷳ˡ
԰һӽǶԣһжǺġ
֪ȴĺһ٣Լڵţֵ
Ļӵϲ׵õԽԺұĻˡ
Ҫô
ԽԽʹ죬ɫҲ
֪Ĵֶ̿ͣɱбҪ˵ŶΣڻıедĻӣֻװװӣҲûô򵥡
硭ͻȻڵû¡
ȥ۵׶ǵЦ⣬ȻǶεͦģӦǰļƻʵʩˡ
ֻһںˣǶˣѵܡ
鹴ǣ̹Ȼ˵û㵱ء
Ϊʲôеź¾ͱȽι
أſڴҩͯҩˡ
ҩͯĻĻӺԽ
Ͻ񣬶ϵĳҲһϻ̳Ͽֵӣ׼ŲȴԽֹˡ
㣬û°ɡĻЩǵʵг˵
£û£˵˾һЩʱվͺˡº͵Цš
ĻŷԱо֮һסġ
¿ǧô˵Ӧġ͵˵
Ļӵһ˾ЩڣǿȴѾȫôˣƺܿͻᷢչȫκϲĴ硣
һԼ֤ôһշģи̾ͳֱ֣κһ˶ײøУ̫ǿˡͬʱҲܱˣѵ費ãܸоǰԽԽαװԼˣŵСǳһֱСõԴ⹤˻ܵÿһ㡣
Ļ˵֮Խǰĳļֱӵĺܺã飬ҼסˡԺһɾ͡Խ⻰һεĳŵǸ߳飬һлر
˵Ƕ̫ѧ飬̫ѧҪ˻ӰˣǽҪ𣿡
Ļһʼûô࣬ΪԼİ󣬵ͻȻôһʣ˷ܵԽҲԵҵİ𣿡
ԽһӱͿӵжĵϲλٽǰ̫ͨѧһأԽͨǷĵµİأ
ԽڸѡĻᣬӦˣǵֻҪɱԾУѾҺùϵˡ
ҲԼһ˳ģϱֵļΪϲȻ顣
鿪ڵҺͱһֱ칫˵ĵµԭлᣬ̷ĵұȻǵĸ֡
Ļһ˵ı̫ˣԺǾͿһ桭ŶһˣǷģȥ˹ǣ
Ͻл
ԽҲĵͷʵ˻κѾͼˣȷһ¶ѡ
Խ˹۸лǿͦĳ飬ҳϵĵߣڹҲܷˡ
Խ˼䣬ʹĻ뿪ó鰲ˡһ뿪סּˣһȥʹˡ
ôˣ΢ů֮ǰҲʱѹĵסһͺҩͯҩҩ£ܿ˯ˡ
ҲѾԺĶ
һ񼯣5ȡĻӺøУԽɣ50㣬ܼ60㣬ȣ20%
ָԣˣ
Ŀ־ǹ̳ǣ䡭ˣǲˣԤһ˲ĵԱʱ֮衣
ôĻ֣ͻȻӲϣЩԼͿԶ׬ˣԺõĻҲηηβˡ
ַ죬ȴûǣҲĻӺԽĹ͡
Ͼ˭ҲܰѴɱ¼ǣʲôϵ
̫ҲоƣǾͿһϢܿ˯ˡ
ֱ̽ǣѹ
ô˯ڸϢģҲҩͯš
û£ҲġŹ
⻰˵ģ⡣
ˣи̾漴ǸǸǱΣգˣġ
ô˵޹أ絽ĵù岻Ҫ𣿻ǻȥϢɡ󼸺ûѪɫͬ⵹ùӡ
е˶Ҳġ
ҡҡͷû£Ƥˣ˲ᣬҲŵɣû𣿡
ҡͷû£ʱվ˰ȫĵط
һͷ˵ĻѾˣҲǲеˡ
Цʾͬ
ԺܼһͬˡѵɵЦһ¡
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ĵͷ漴ֵѾ˽ˣҽʱڸˣƼڶҶģܶʱȥǸ˵ģӦǸ𵽵סһشӦ
ô˵ɣҲ
Щ⣬Ҳûж룬ͼأкδ㣿
ֱӵ£ҾչҪߣҾ͸һߡ
סˡ㻹ǡ
ʱЩΣҡҾǲ̫ģϾֳ
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ͷҲﲻʲôæҲǴһţ㲻ö˰ɡ
ûУһĹĵػžˣĽˡ
ƺипȻͦεİɡ
Ҳ̫ᰲοˣϾ¹Ǽҵ˽£ҳҲֻܰѶ࣬϶ʧʱػġ
Ҳδаɣ¡ȴ֪
һ㶣олɻأͻȻһ롢ƺϵĳ
˸ϽֹͣԻǰ鿴
ֻۣϽ˿ڣǰĵط
е㾪ˣ֮ǰ浤÷ûһۣһȻ۵˯жˣⲻѰѵ廹б״
˵屾ͲãͲðա
ҲͻȻӦûгðգԼҲɡ
ҧͻȻóһԲεСӡȻſڴߣҪιȥ
ʲô״ɻ
ǣֹۡڵ
ʱЩЦãⲻƭСӵ
ҲûϾڵ鳬棬Ҳﰲοɡ
Ӳǰѻֵֹҩ˽ȥܿ첻ˣǻۣԺĿ
ΪԼŪˣβѡǸԵֹ۵ģڸо
һĺЦȴ𴩡߻ڵš̫ˡ
һôֹۣǳǳʶģǸոȥûһȻĸо̫ˣҲ֪ãҩľͷˡ
ʵҲоۣϰʹˣֵȼ벻ֻۣˡ
ҪǸոա
鿴һۣзŲˬĸо
鿴󣬾ո顣
ҶԣɡȻϲԽ޴ҵ̬ô˵ʱеһӦӦһЩġ
ҲôֻһЩ޹ؽҪ飬ᱻƻӰ졣
Ҳûж룬ֱӵǾɣҪõÿһ㣬̫ѧʱ㣬ǧѧңڿʼͱˡ
ͻȻЦҲ֪Ƿ𣿡
˿ȣԣǰ֮͹ԹԵȡѵú˰ɡ
á鵹ˬӦ¡
֮гĻҲ¶̹ȻЦݣڵǾôˣԺֻλˣҲźˣʹã־ĻӣʵҲǾκʲôԸ˵
ͳȻһ¡漴ʵЩ̿ܲ˭𣿡
˵ɫһ£˵ѪԨ𣿡
ţòרҵġɱ֣ϵ˵
Ǻǣǿ̫ˡ
ͷߵʱһĶɢ˵ѪԨɱֳõģȻɵľѪԨӦ˹Ӷɱ֣ҪɱĻӣǡ֣ʵѪԨ󼸺̫ҶԻʼҵ˳֣ΪɱһˣɱҳԱ̫󣬼޻ص⣬ʿĺܲԡǲѪԨڻ޷¶ֻۣǴ֤ǰˡ
ʵǺܴģЩ׵Ķ϶ɵ㣬ỳɣһֱоⱳǱ濴ô򵥡
ѪԨܲ˭µ𣿡һʵ
ҡͷѪԨûй̶ĴӪֻһķʽԺѽ𣬵ʼҲԹġ֮Ǿǵص޷ȫץ˵й涨ǲ¼ĹֻҪ϶ɽӣԸӾͳɡ
ץˡź
ֹܶ໰Ҳ˵ɱĻӵѡôֻ˭붯֣˭׼޻˭ĺ˵
Ѿˡ
ѪԨӦòǰɣ϶֪ѪԨı򵥣ΪжȥӶѪԨֻֿܡ
һ֣Щ˸ѪԨˣɢ˱һʮҪ㵽ɢǺܼ򵥵ģû֤֤ЩɱֵǾһʮɢڻõΪǶѪԨɱ֡
ڶ֣ĶѪԨɱ֣ĹӶЩɱɱĻӣ֪ģԽ赶ɱˣһʮҲֻڻˮˡ
ֱ£ַֺöԴҪˣֻܷʼ˵
˵أ˴ţ˵Խͻˡ
ΪĶôˣ˽ɫȻҲõ濪ѯʡ
Ǻ֮ǰôö˶˵ˡ
Խ󷽵Ϊ˾㣬ҲȾһ㣬ⶾֻһţֻܴȥҴˡ
εĿ䣬ۻˡ
ƺЩɳƣû¡
Ż䣬ȴܾһŵڸӽˣѵ֮ǰˣ
֪ĴֻԽͳˣĶһۣԽѵŲߡ
ǻ˵飬ǡԽ
ǵΣ
˵ˣܰæһ£鷢κ¡
οֲǲˣةˡԽֱӵ
תҪ뿪ةǣľˡ
û߳ȥͱԽֱۣѵеУة಻ǵģġ
һ£ƺоԽл룬ͼҴҵˡ


97 
֣ǰο󣬻Ƿʲô俴뿪ľͿԽ
Խתͷ䣬üЦôϸ˵ˣ
̱ýӲЩ߳ŭĵͺ˭˵ˣ
Խڳһ㡯ĳ飬ʱûըëݺݵĵĳˡ
ǵŵţƮˣԾɲҶӡ
Խ˸һ£֪ջӣҪŤһˡ
ֵĻɻ󣬲ҲԽ˵ġ֡Ȥƽŵĳ飬ֻʹԽ˵ȫȤ
ԽһҪ˵ӣΪΰɱ¼Ӧþة÷ɰŵġ
˻һˡ
һֱΪЩɱ־㲻ǳ鰲ŵģӦҲҪɱĻӵ˰ŵģôĻӵĸ⹫أ
ôܣΪʲôҪôĻӻôСһô죿ʳء
ĻӲһ˶û𣿡Խ¸Լͻ䵹裬ʱȻΪ˲ȣͻȻһֻͭɫ־ʹнӹ˲
Խ̧ͷ˻һۣûʲô仯ǶȴѾ͸ˡ
ԽЦƵ˵ոЩĳˣһʼǿɲ֪ɱ֣ͻȻðʮֻ˺޷£׼Ķ׼ȷȴֻĻδһǲ书͵͵ѵ䲻һС𣿻רҵɱأ
书Ƚ˽⣬Խôһ˵Ӧûǲ㣿ŪһЩɱֹװɱĻӣŪֳƵģǲ˼ĻӷֺǡΪʲô
Խһڲ裬ȻϿġ÷Ȼܳ裬Ļȴӵʥġǰʱ䣬һԣʧءǵģ֪ʲôʱҾͻעתǣǰʱһֱС΢ؼͬʱҲʶһܺõĻᡣ
ѸٷӦԼǰ֣ɽžƣԼܺߣӣ˭ҲٶˣΪҪĻӵпܾһĻӳ£ǾˡŪĶΪĻӵԺı֡
ԽЦûһ֮Ļ¼ɣǶΪһ֣ỳɵ÷ϣϾ÷۰ĻǳģӦûΪ÷᲻Ļɡ
ǻ𣿹ȻʹûһƲ硣һ
ҲǱıĻӣһ÷ѾǰϱضҲᶯŭУĻӻûôȨƶͱˣΪ׻ǻɻġһ»һᰵоҶ÷ɺĻӶϧһ
Խ꣬ĺˣȻκһĲܿԳȫ֪ôһԲŽ÷ǵļƻʵʩģ
ôµİ
һη壬֮ϵĸ֪Ƶġ
ԽǺܿһֲʾ
ʵ֪Ļӻʱܸоʮ֣ĻôС÷ɺةôκģܲΪרżɡԽЦŵ٩ͳ顣
Цҡͷ
Խһôһӵӡ˿ܾκԲ⣬ةСۣôܡǰˣֻһǹⰲŵĲǺ
һԵ֮ǰ̫ѧѯǹʱ򣬳Ѿ²⵽Ļӵĵ죬Ͼ֮ǰһֲ߻ģĻ߻ʲôӦҲѾ˴⡣
һһʮةжȷôһɱĺϷ֮󣬲һʮУһϷúøкΡɱһʮжɹļʴˡ
ܸоﲻԡ
Ҳ˼˰죬̲סɵֻĲ²⣬ôȷ֮һأ
ո˻ϲ죬ྯ裬躹ޣκһͷȻᰲؼһʱ䡣йֵòʧ顣ҾҪ·κһص㶼κã÷ѡκΪϤĵطһ⣬ƿ𣿡
κҲ֪£ôһΨһĶӣһˡüõ
ΪκҲ֪ôص飬Ҳ˵ģҲ˵ةһСۣȫһ˵ġҲˣةҪһκҰġԽЦܽöԷϻ̳Ͽ֣Ϊ²ΣʱةٱֵĴ󷽿һЩκҪжΪЧˡ
ɣ׻ǵԼˣ̲ס
ǡոô˵ԽκŶ壬ɵĺ棬ǲ
˵ô䣬ˣû֤ݣĲ¼ɷǲǺ£ϾκԼѡ·Ǹ治ˡԽ̹ȻԼҲԸ˵Щɡ
ΪκСүҪǾԲܵġ
̲סô˵ȫͰǵļƻչȥˣȻ㶼ܲµҲű˲²ֲѵһֱڹ˿ɶûУ
ôҵĴǰýöתھУôܿ͸ԽĿ˻һۣȴһӣҪȥȴҲõɡ
ԽЦŵҲһûУҪ˵Ĳ㡣
ĿԽ԰Լ̡
һǻǲģĻһǾͲκ˵Ļˡ
ǿΪְأûˣⲻϻһءûڣĻһġ
һͺ˵ˣ˭֪˻ôأʼǰɣûĻúãԽͻȻЦ飬Һܺ棬ʱɱֵҪһĻ˼һ££ɱԭ˺ĻӣԼײȥģ
ιԽһ£Խȱеˡ
εĲҷԣȻԽܴҲ벻ʵǴɱǳԼ»ȥİɡ
ͷûתƣûʲôǿһһûᣬⲻҺͱ綼Խˡ
ô̹һ˵Խ޻˵£ıȻԽ䣬ͻȻԺһ˿ĸоûץסȫƭȥˡ
Խڶɱ־˵ѪԨһͷǳʣԸҲκݵʿҲ˿ѪԨɱ֣ٶʣһ벻ͨҲʮּߵĵط
üҼǵõǴδɱ֮ѪԨشѹһΣһΡ㲻˵ѪԨıǾȨ𣿡
ԽͷǰԲ֣ѪԨǾ֤ѪԨıĻһԵݵİɱûʼͻΪϵй¶ˡĻ֮˸ɴཫƾͼֱӰɱɹ÷ǾˣǲðԼƿɱʿ
ԽǼٵģ÷޻Ǻ⣬ǻ粻İţҲ鲻ɱֵ޶֤¼˷롣һҲס
ˣһӦǳ鰲ŵģʵҲĿĻʲôأ
ԽͻȻڵ飬ô룿
ͷһ
ңһתͷ
ԽЦǴˣȻˡΪʲô
о񱻱˵ͻ䣺
ĻģҲûжܲµԵݣҲܷЩҲпǡ֪ѪԨ󱳺˭ء
ԽɫȻһ䣬漴üͷƺŬ˼ʲô
ʲô˼벻ͨüͷ
Ҳȴ֪˴𰸣鲻Ե޹˵ڶֿܣڸԽʾĻһɵĿľΪ˵ѪԨ󱳺ˡ
Խ·ͨƵģȷѪԨɱǼðģةǵĿľΪ˵ѪԨ󱳺Ȩ󵽵һαװѪԨ°ɱӵѪԨıһദ¼ɣδֻҪ۲쾩еĴС仯мѰۼˡ
ʱҲʮеͷпܡ
Īͬƴ̽ѰԽˣʵϸĻһ޹أǳԼڵѪԨ󱳺ˡ
÷ǵȷûݵʿɱ֣һʮ˽ȥܵĻⶪѪԨϢˣΪѪԨ˴ɱĻӣܶڰ۲죬ѪԨԺη
Ļӵһεھ䣬ǿʼеѪԨǲǳˣĻӷߵԱȻֵĵǾ͵ڸ˳֤ݣ֤ѪԨĻһɡ
ĻӿʼѪԨǾ֤ѪԨ޹أҪ׷ة˳糵ǵеı䶯࣬Ҳʡ˲ٹ
֮ٶȵһôװ˳Ϊ񣬻ĻһɵΣλᣬҪµѪԨ⡭CPUĲյ
޸̾ʱԽǸһΡ
ԽܿüͷǣǵڶֿԡΪʲôͻȻҪѪԨˣоʱĻһɶԲ̫ʡ˵ѪԨҲһ֯˵ȨҲǲ²Ķѡ
Ī·𼵶ҪҲսʤһ³ħƣ֤ҲûôǶĿ¡
ǵѪԨǵеģҪֳڱʲôֲ֪²ɱ֣βֱһأ
ϵ۸Խһȴȴվˡ
ȻԽͻȻһܴӵʲôʱͷôˣôࣿҶû뵽
ҲܴˡźȻûӮboss
ԽҪԹ䣬ͻȻһ˲òԣû뵽ĳ뵽ˣһ
Խϵĳ飬ԷѾȻջ
ԽԽӡյ³˵ĳʱ򼸺ѾҪֱ׵Ĳ𴩳ˡǶԷԾϷأ˿ᡣ
Ծɼᶨıܳģ͸ȫѹȴķڷоֻôһ
˷ֱ濴òԽֱǿԷ˼άģʽ
˿һȷԼĲ롣
ǸˣǸոշһУ¶ҪƵˣΪԵԽѹţôһ˾Ϊܸý̫ˡʵ벻͸еĹؼΪա
ʱѾˣԽͻҲôųˣֱ뿪ˡ
˵׼ȴײκ׼ة뿪Ļ棬ȻҲǸġ
ǳգȴһʼԽ²Ĳһ


98 
Խ²ǽһнةǰŵģκǲ֪״̬һκһֵķǳ𣬳Ǹ⣬ةȻװĶŭҲҪֳκݴȡǺгĻ档
ڣةɫڵĸһκɫҲѿ
ةϷǲݹˣ
Խͻվһԣ߹ȥһ󵥶Ϲ뿪
ʵǣ㿴ֱۣϽȥ˰ɡԽڵ
ǣֲǲ·ü
ҡͷƵûţҲҪȥߡ
һɬģԽͿ
̾һة֮иˡ
Խͻס࿴һۡ
ԽΪʲôô˵εҲܺߡ
ةǻκģĻӲǸˣΣЩ˲˳Ǳд̻ܰȻӦǶκϤˣة˻ɡһ
̫ԩˣĻǱߴҪκģд̣κͱǣˡ
˵꣬ͿԽֻԽֿʼü˼Ȼʾ⡣
ֱͳſڣԼĸۡʱſڵô£
֮ǰܸоҷֻһֵ࣬мܻбĶҲΪĶŵةķӦƫԽЩãȻĿڵ벻ףﲻԡ
俴ԽӣԴ벻ͨƵģ͵ٷְٿ϶˵ȷʱ˵ٰȷ취϶ҵˡ
ԽЩĿŻ䡣
ҲģֻǲóƵĶ
ԽЦԣǴ󽫾ôóЩ˽ֶΣãԿȷة϶˴ɱةķӦȴǿ϶˴ɱĻӣκ
ԭΪԼİ취Խôһ˵ʱ͸оˡιöԼ˵ʲô𣿡
ͻȻԽŲһ٣㵵鶼ֻܳһֿˡ
ʲô
ԭˣةǿߵģҲ˵ŵʵʿעҪģߵĲŵģǶˡĿǡ
ͬʱѾ˳ߣѾ˯ˣ䡣
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ʱѾסˣȵ뿪ص俴˯޷õͬ뷲ˣоЩʵ
ڴϣɫ԰ף岡һ
ΪԼ㹻ӽеˣһŷֻǺһЩ顣
Ļͦ໤ɲǼ򵥵Ϊ빬ΪĻӺ÷ɵĵһĸеĵλô򵥡
Ҫ׵ķةฮκ
ԭкܺõˣةΪ˲壬׼κʩмƻ鷢֣Ȼá
ةԭҪͨһεƭҵĺշκģǱȥһʮƻ
ٵĴɱĴɱѪԨ¼ةһɵľκͶ˱ˣĻӣϾְŻκЩ
ة໳ˣ¡
һǧةκĹϵǵĺѷ죬ϾһɵӿʼѿҲ޷ˡ
ƽǣԲһֻͣˡ
Ӵ˿̿ʼة÷ɾԲȫˣκҲб෴ģΪĻСȴΪֵĶǻӳ顣
Σ׼ѪԨĻˣˮ
һ죬ûʲôȴʲôˡߵļһαŪ֮С
ǻޣŤԣͻȻԼɵᣬȴ»˵ˡ
ϣһֱάõĹϵߵ֣һֱԼ˶Դ
ҲԼܱ裬ǶԳİ裬ǶԪȼҳ趼ܶͷβƭһĥȥˡ
һߣԽѾ洦һʯͷˣ붯ͷ۵Ħ˰죬ҲֻǿֱϹ룬Լֱͺһ飬͸оƵġ
Ͷǰü벻׾ˣ޹ء
˵޹ϵˡԽͻȻĵ˵
ָйأÿμԽֱ鶼Ǹйء̲סԽ֮ǰҪģǿôҾûˣȻҲͦϲģҪȥĻӰˣǰ˵ô࣬ǲÿڵĲڣôô޼ɵ
ֻѣоⲻǾͬһԽ顣
Խ̧ͷŶǰ䣬ִڻļϣʵ䣬Ը𣿡
һ㶣ͫеɫһ˲ҲȻ˼¡㡭˵
Խȴһ㻹ǵΪʲôˣ빬𣿡
ɲǼΪѾûֵ׷ˡ
ʱ򣬾бǴ󣬱ǳ˶ǸˣǺĽһһ䲻Ǹߵκ˲־һҪΪǸ˵ұۣҲһֱŬ
ǵżеΪǾֻǸ˵Ĵ£ǵıܵõķӣǵŬ£һܿܳʷʢδĹһ겻ࡣ
Խ飬δ
һʥľҲΪһ
ҪͣʵҼֵ
ͫйѪսеδϣ
ԳϵĹĶǣȨŪ粨ܶ͸Խкܶ࣬˶ʹǸ˵ʱԽ߻䣬ǵûǵԩˡ
ڳϵĶһЩʲôˣǿϣЩ˲ǵӡ
Ľɭ֮ҰǣôȥһȺ๷ˡ
ĸԸҲԸˣˣһЩϲͺˣҲΪǵһֻôȹ
ԽͻȻļ򣬻ڵ䣬ңʱԭǡ빬̰ɡ
Цһֱ
ԽɫһܰԼֵ˵ջԸһ侲ԴҪߵ·ζҪϻһߣԼõԣһǸˡ
˵Щ԰ˡ
ԽҵȰ˵䣬ͻȻڻϵһʹ̧ȥԽѾˡ
ãȥ
Խ㶵ĿŻ䣬ҿ𣿡
ҵĻ𣿵Ҫߵ·Ҳţڰ·ϣϾôˣΣգҵñ㣡Ӧ˵
ԽĿ˸һ£ͻȻͷЦˣֻЦеڿޡ
ι䲻֪ԼǲǱЦˣе
ͻȻ󱻶Էץס仹ûзӦͱһ
ԭһǹƵĶԽǰ˫ţķŵͣԽôͻȻһʧˣһײһ̴ĻС
̴ζûԴΣܲ͸ڷһУܿͭɫƤ͸һ˿εĺΡ
ѽˡ
ͻȻߴЦƺָֻǷˡ
Խƿ䣬ЦüթӴˣǰɣֵܺò׾δһףһ£ʲôѽѵǡ
Խ۾ûվ
ԽͷüЦôͻȻôУֲǹңѵΪ飬ѽѽ˵ôҪҸǼȥ
ʱըëᰡ㣡
һȭͷԽվӶڲ֣ҽǰ㶯˺ܾõ֣㲻ܶ𱨣
Ҫ˺ã˵֪ԽһƤȳǽ˵ǾӣʵһåԵϷΪֵ֣Ҫ˼˷񾭡
ҹ˾ĽֵϣӾ͸СһֵԶȥǵһȺèں׷
ģҲûֱҹͻȻó
ҹκš
ͯţͼ޳ȥӡ
ˣȥ֪ͨүССӴˣ˾ţˣ
峿һʮ룬ϵĳ˲ѣܾ衣
ӡһŷ̧ͷͿڴβ˯ŵ
ǵԼˣʱ˵һҴ򣬴ΪˣǲܸԼʹҲô鿴ûȥҴ򣬶һҹϵķʽ¡һѾˡ
סͷϸɵĽһʮϽǰҪ飬ǳȴֱܿԹԵȳ֣󲱾һ£εڴϣٸϱӡ
ӣ˿ڡ¸һɫ̫ÿϾʮͱԼһָоֱͱԼʮҪܣȻǶһĥ
תͷǣĺܺãһнչ˳ةǱʲô
ʮϽһֱǱةฮȷѾȥѪԨˡ
΢˫ۣӦҲǾֻС
ֿܣһ־ǲ漰һ֡۵
һʮĿų飬ҲҶʡ
һʱסˣʮةฮܲʲôһھȥѵ̶̣ӣʳǾٱҽǰʧ
һʮȻʮֵӵ壬ҪߣӶˣҲֻӡ
ǰʮһҪ㱨
ӣ֮ǰǴӦСѾϣӦѾֿ˹ӦСͻĺûˡ
ͷ֪ˡ
һʮ뿪
Ѻ鰲ź˾Щ⣬ϾǸոյ壬ġ
£Ǹͬһ򣬸ͬһˡ
˯ͻȻоһɣⰲ˳ûһٶ˯ţÿεϢʱ˯ĺܺá
ʱ򣬾Ϳ˯һ𣬶ҳ嶼ˡ
벻ͨѵ˯ô𣿻תʮȵģ
СĲ鿴һ³˿ڣãʱһС´ȥϴ
ֱһŷ˶ҵʲô
ǰԣѯʳʲôˡ
ȴû˸˵
ֱ緹͹ʱһƣĹ˵Ӧ־硣
ˡĿࡣ


99 
Ӧ¡ﱾͶȥõʱϢѾȥˣȻȫβѡ
붴ƸͷʱӦ¡Ѿʣ޼һЦûУ͸ˣһôõĶҹڻ𱸵ĳжȹ
ҹɫҶ˯ˣͻȻӦвš
ͯһȻ֮ǰϲƵԶһҡ
ֻܸͯϽ֪ͨ˼ңӦ¡֮󣬲˵ԭһԶûлؼңǸһƹָȺͿˣʲôط
ӦȻְҹŵΪ΢ʣҲֻܵӭͣһȦ
ѰʱԺĵط
˻Ϊʲô飬ϽϹȥͿ˻ƵһĻһѲһ·һЬܣȴӦСĿ޺
Ӧ¡һ¶ԣϽҪ峡˵ıɩһͳȥץסӳ˾һٴӦǶѾɵˣڣͿӦС·ڴϿޡ
һ˵־ôֿˡ
ԶȻϣ˵Լ˾ƣڿͷ˯ģ֪ΪʲôԺ֪ΪʲôӦС˯һ
ӦСޣȴ˵Ӧ¡ֱ˦˼ͣ˵ϢȻϽԼĹۡ
ӦСһ˲ȴӷˣץסӦСӣ˻ţﻰⶼҲ͸¶ԭκ飬˵ԭڵģ֪ΪʲôصԼķ䣬Ҳ֪ΪʲôһӦøһ
⻰˭أϾκ췢ʲôҶ֪ΪĻӵˣôܸһ
ҶǺˣʧķΡ
ȻҲ֪ô£ֻǰźһоͳˣӦСûѵ
ӦСҲһŭɶ֮䣬ˤײϣѪ
ѵкӦҶʱˣҲӦСϽǻãϣûˡȴ¶ȻҪ֪ͨ׼ҡ
ǱɳӸṳ̂κĴţֻйܼһ䣬СѾ˾Ӧˣʲô鶼κ
һ仰Ӧ¡ٸв񶼱ˣɫѿ˦뿪Ҳոӡޣ޵ĻδתҪҡ
κȴѾţ˼⣬׼ظ
ɵˣ⼸ڼеԤгˣˡ
ǵڶһ磬Ѿ߿ӦϷֱǿнӹļױ´ֻܿӦϷ˰ļױһһᣬȴ
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ܿ죬͵֪ծծӦϷ˼ææĲŲֱӰļױȥӦһծˡƭˣӦҸǸտǣծۣŰæծأ
̼ܲε
ʱ򣬸ôεӰĻָþҪˡ
Ҫŭֲðգ֪ǣãָԼѡķҲˡ
ʱӦ¡ҲԼδڰΪκı𽥱ᣬ뾩ǡͷöĴõ顣
ӦСѻˣϢҲûסȻҪ޸ǸԶġ
ǱѾҲմ״ʵģܵͨŮ˴ǵȴӦСֻһѡ񣬾Ǽȥ檣վҲ檣ӦСͬ⣬ҪӦ¡ȥ˵ǿ϶ϵ
Ӧ¡ٻ쵰Ҳִܸ£ֱӰӦСص޵졣
һֱǱɩǱɩԼɷ檶ңһȴ檣ôʹ죬Ƹ϶п̣һϣѵӦϷ˲ϾҲ̫ױȻŮǸոջծӦûǮˡ
Ϊҵڼպ׼ӦСݲݵļ޳ȥ
ӦС֪£޵ʣһ̫ѧĹŮȻ䵽޸Сݵı磬ǵһ檣Ǳֳ󣬻׺ƶʵӣüӣӦС޸͵Զ뾩ǵķ٣ȥ
ü˾ǱȥԸޣƣӦȴûһվһˡҲ޷ˡ
֪δҿǳΪѡģżӶĸĥһӡҶɱ֣ǳҪԶеĶѡ
ǳΪŵı
ӦС̧Ͻӵǿÿʹ;֮УӦսܣڷҲԽûеλΪ˺ӣĥҡ
ԤδΪ𺳣ȻҲµһжǳġ
Ϊ˵ҪΪ
ӦСӦ׼󣬽һʮӦңŪ֮顣
е㶯ݣʱǻиҪҪȴ飬һʮҪˡ
ЩϢʱ򣬳ֻһ䣬𣿡
صĵͷȻˣҲ泤һڶ
ӦҷĶС¡
ʹ͢Ǳ߷ĲǴ¶
ΪĻһ£ϹȻŭ˵÷ҹ£ŵ˲ŪĻϸϻ˽ڣְһ١Ҳûлɵ÷ɵϣǿʼ໳ɣ׵ģĸȴո¶ͷǵĻһɣҲǻǳԿ
ǹѪԨ飬ȴеСĸоȻ˹Ա׷飬Ȼ統꣬͸һʽƵģة˽µ
ֻϧҲֹڴˣĻ֮ˣеĸ޷
ةĶ磬ߵȷҲһЩҪֻʱûմ飬ֻȷһš
֮˵ĹУϺһˣǾóӢ¼棬ǶԳػδôйɡ
ֹһͱԺŤĸҲƷζ
ҪĿľҪ̽ǷѾԤΪĻӵİˣ
δ֮ǰ֦ڣֱӼװĻӸûᣬҲ֪
ϺȻҲģҲû˺ֵʮֹػҪú׼Ŀˡ
ûᵽˣȳ֮ҿֱӴرԺ̫ѧҲر࣬ܶһʱҶ鹮̣ף㿴𣿡
԰ϺԵǿпޣҲûʣ¼ˣӦˡ
˵תͷ飬ֻһӵĿ
ȵϺ뿪֮Ųʵôˣѵаţǡסﶼ԰ɡ㲻ԸȥԺǱԺ㲻⣬ҿԸİ
鶯˶죬ջǿڵûʲôȥס
ô˵֮ǰ᲻ͬһܺãһһܸճһĻᣬȫ˵ˣҲʲô¶
Ӧ˵ѱԺļңǻؼңɲȥͣ⴦Ժӣ飬ԱȺɡ˵ˣôһñأЦ˵
鿴õЦݣһ˲ˡ
˵ڵĵطҵļңôֱף
ǲеڲעˡΪҩӰ죬ԼǰΪʱʱ̴̿һչ˵ĹϵһЩԼ̫ʼ޼ɵֻǰˣ
ͻȻоǲһֱøñһֲԶľôתۼֱǣűˡ
Щ죬Լ˲ܶտԼҲˣڼסԺ⣬ҲˡΪ󿼺˵ĸϰҲ˵ùȥ
͡͵Ϊֹ꣬ûн˰ɣ빬ǰȫûճˣͦãһռ䣬Ҳһ£ֵ㣬ųΣǸĸǲͬġȥպôദ
ҡ̲סĲӣĺӡȫѾʧˣֻǵݺۣϸ۲컹ܿһ˿ۼġ
鲻ϲԿհ׵Լ޷ƿԼ״̬
Ͼкܳһʱ䣬ʹڴԿհ׵Ŀ״̬Ȼ֪ⲻͬ򣬵ϲ
¡
Ȼ޷ԼôˣȻǸñ־롣˫á
뷨룬ദƽѺãʱ䣬ѧԽ̿һ㣬һ飬壬κȥԺ̫ѧѧֻصԺᣬֻһΣֱӻص˸һԺᡣ
ȫûֻ֣оʱܳ㣬ҲúϾǹ˲ŰģһͿˣҲָˣûסһɡ̫ѧദʱ䣬ȫġ
̫ѧķΧ̫һˣһսᰴ̫ѧѧпҵһˡ
Ŀһ࣬ڳĸ£Ѿţη棬ָҲȫ󣬼ſЩƣѾ߱˺ǿľ
ʮˣ񲿻˲ͬļ࿼̫ѧһල˵ɡ
ֽŵķΧ֪ܲĸִ󿼣۵ùǺ
ҿ͸ѵһƤƵģм仹ֱȨģǾԼûϣûбҪĥ˼һ¾͹ȥˡ
ֻ̫ѧһ뿼ŮӲ빬Ծ࣬Ǹбݵˡ
չ涨̫ѧѡʮƷѧŵѧΪ֮ϽϻһۣȻ󽻸ԼĻǣԼѡվ֪
ΪѡеʮʵĳҲõ񲿺̫ѧϿɣһ֤ˡ
ԵʱΪǿѡеվںɫǰʼۿˣ֮ǰǲϵСϲһεĿ˹ȷת䣬㣬ǲѧ竣ϵ㹫ӡ
ϲڶȴûʲôʵĸо磬ѼϼߵڣоܴæΣڱҳ׵ͬ·һ̣ŸԭѣڱгʵԼ
Ҳ뵽ˡ
ϲ
תͷȥЦòãһϵġлл


100 
գŻԽ̫ѧĽҵˣö飬ÿˣѾ뿪̫ѧѧǷɵʱ̡̫ѧһµĳ١
ǵЩѾڣϾǴǣûϰĿȥμӴǲҪ̫ѧ顣Щףһ֮󻹻飬ǾͲһ̫ѧˣϾһ̫ѧʢȫΪŪһаѡΣû̫ѧ治ôˡ
һνҵߺܶˡ
񻶵ҹƽֱӿ棬óкõ״Ԫ죬ǸҼˡ
ԭ˳һʰ׼ڶհߵˡ˵Ϣ˷û뵽ֿԴգţͻȻڵĳ˽

ļصһ£תͷһʱЦң
ûӣҶϲʲôʱô˧ˣȻðҹЦ
˧쾭ġ㵹˲١⿴˿ҵȣѾָˡ
һĲҪʾģ漴˵ͨˣʲôʱ͵͵ôˣʵǲʲôֶΣ
ֱס˲ӣ̲ס˵ֵܣûߵʱѾڷٽˣȥһѧαװģʵʵˮ׼
ޣʲô˼ɲ֪ң̲֡ס˵
⻰Ҷƽ˵𣿡Ц
ʲôңҰ
һɫĿſڵƽˡ
˲䱧ͷܣûУƽûСȻѧУġ
漴˳ŵЦԼƭˣ߳ŭҪˡ
һֵܼñطϲá
㲻ϲҵİɣҲ˸˵ҰȥԺ֮ȥԺҲһҿɲΪǧϹ
𣿡ͻȻЦ
˵ҪһԺȣǸʲô˵
㾹Ȼ֪Ц֪ˣƨɺתͲѧ֮Ĵ˵
²ôˣֱӵԸꡣ
ÿʱ̫ѧһҹ磬ƽҲó״ԪףҹһֵĿյϣʱӺŮӶһ𣬶ڼ̫ѧҵ˵֪ζʲô𣿡ЦԽ
ҪҲܲ¸ˣҵǰһɡ
ȻҵĽһ磬ҲǸ㶮ˣһαˡ
ӺŮǻĻᣬ۵˰ʾһЩϢеĽһύ˫ۣǹƲú󾩳ǾҪϲѶˡ
һΣͱ֮Ϊһ硣
ÿһҶرװһ£еΪӦеľΪҶˡ
ͦģʲôϵ˰ŲСйء
㶮ʲôһ͵͵ĽңŮôУеʱ鵽ƬһֿǺȥ˵˵ţȻֱ¶˱ԣ
úõΧζˡ
ȻһǶҴϢͦȥģȤѧʱСҲһѣҲǲ
ȫ̫ѧ˶֪Ƕ䣬ǲ˸ˡ
һ뵽һ㣬ﵽ봷ǽᡣ
ţˡ
磬ȥһͿңҲϤʹк
ҿôҲʲôģһҪŮӶء
ȻҲ˵һ顣
˿ȵɲҸģһȥˣǱȻֻһˣôܶ׼ء
ֿ飬ЦʵҪĶ𣿡
˱ʵĽһ㶡
ܿش𣬡һĶ飬û˼
ȻҲûС˵ȴϢĿһۣӸոǹʱʼʹһֲ̫˵״̬ôˣ
Ȥĺ˺ߣһ·һΣһȥһ֡
һʢ϶ŵ⾳ۼȻһ˶Ķĳ
ͷ羰ͻȻһ·Ůӣ͵͵ĿԱߵĳ顣
ųͰ۵ĵһɼɲ˰Ҳ״ԪɵſȻŮǵͷĿꡣ
ȻԭУͬҲ᲻ȥһûȫ֪ûпܡ
ź棬̲סʵ飬˸٩䣬ǻû˵꣬ͱˣûǸйԲյġ
̾һȻУ¡ɣ̸˵ʲôĸڡûŮ˿ڻģϧϧ
ȴɨһۣѾȻ֮ǰƲ֢Լˣûйһͦġ
һһԭα¶ˡ
ǣǵϲϱŮô׶ĵˣδ֮ǰ˵ǶģŮˣûȤ졣
һֱԼػλӭȢʺ˺ʱжѹǸһ״̬𣿲һʹɡ
û취˭ϲϲϲأֻǶģͲôûʧˡ
úõϧһŽʱ飬־Щ̣ǸԼҪᶨ¡һҲУܸ֮֮ǰ̫
ֵĿյϣһλ£СϵľˮѾڷźãյصмȼֵ𣬿ţ򣬻ζ
ܿ죬Ϳ˵ֳ
ͬʱмŮӳǻ෢֮Ͷߵͣס˽ŲнϾһ󣬾ŮӸһˡ
һֱߵͳǰ
ȿڵҪȥ˵ʿŮѿȥˡ
ǳȴֻǾٱŮӺȾƣӦȥԾܾˣһŮӼǺܿġ
֮ͱ仯ˣļûͣÿµһ͵վȥ
ǳȴΪ֮ǰı֣һЩŮӴùģֻرеŮӲŻǰǱܾ֮ҲһΧҲá
һʵڿסӰҵȥ𴦣
Ųһ֪Լɶͱνڴ¡úõƷƷʳ
أǲԶĵطʹȥһ۾ͱӨòۡ
Өһ·ӱ˵ģеˣҺ˾֮ǿܾЩעִ磬ŮΪˡ
ǸҡӨΪѵƾӵ壬ҪתߣȴסӨɫѿҲʧȣֻϸϸıʾܾ֮⡣
żϽƳȥˣ
鱻һ£ע⵽Ө΢΢üϾǲϵŮæҪģǾ˹ȥ
οһγôϵȥŮӣȻδĻʹǲһŮ
ԭвӨϲģֻϲĺܺҲΪһŮͲŮͷ˻ʹҲҵҵĹ󹬣Ϊ࣬ƽĺŮˡ
ľòӨĿԸֺãֱĸĵ䷶ŮӣúϧĻ˺ϧģФ롣
ȥ֮¾ͽ˲Ө˵˼仰ܿӨߵĺա
ͷһƣʾҪȥԶһס˷ܣ˵ͷʾ֪ˡ
͸Өһˡ
ðԵɾ°ıӰв룬Īˣ߽ˣ
֣һ˹һסֵߣ

㡣һߡ
һƬһܼٵĵطͻȻһϸס
ֹ֡ӣá
ȥһ̫ĹӣպΪСԴڸвǿûӡ
ʱʵûзӦֱһЦܿӿʱŸоһ˿
Ӻ˾ƣ˫糺죬˫룬еİĽѾͻԶ
ֹӣ֪һģʵ֮ǰе㣬Ǵϳһ̿ʼҵ˫۾벻㣬ʱ㣬㡭Ľ㡣
˶סˣû뵽֮걻ôĸסȻӡáޡ
˵Խ飬ԽΣϾǼٵİ
Ǹ
ܾ˫۶ˮˣҡұֻһ֪㶫²ҪϾϾҲѹ̫ʶҡҡܿҪǨˣԺټҪ롣㡭ģһӶԲʲô
֮ǰû˵Ƕ䣬ӣҲǱ˼ľģ˾׳˵ģ󣬶֪һ˵ﻰĻˡ
޷ϴʾܾҲΪͷۡ
ֻǡֻǡһѣ󡭡
Ǹûϵ͵һݽ֮ˣͷ˸ȥףһ·ƽͻȻڴϣһҲЩˡ
ӵıƺЩź񻹿ΣȻҪ֮
ܸĵˣϾĲ죬ֻǿͦ¸ҵģҲһϲˣѡһˡ
ƺһ·ˣȻ:ֹӡлл㣬һҪ㡣
˵
㡭֮𣿡
û죬Ծʹˡ
˲ǰһ ǡҿ𣿡
ûԼĿˮǺΪ˼
ôֱ𣿣
ֻǰĺɫǵͨ죬ƺȫܣֻ˳ӱģ˵롣
Ҫ־ܾӾͳһѱסŵĴϢ:ҡʲôԸΪ˭֪ġ˵ţȻֶˡ
ļƤˣŮͶͱἤܲ𰡡һѽƿ˲ɫɷף̿
ֹӣ֪㲻ϲңҲˣҪʱֻһѡҪʲôȻû֮ˣΪβܷһأ
û뵽Ըж´׷Ȼƫִˡ
ͷۣһ֦ϵ
ͺתͷȥֻһӰһ˳
˫Ϥһ˲䣬ܵƤһ˫ȱ
þһǻþ
һֵһ߸δϱһء
϶ǻáءǻþ
ǵӨҲ֪߳ˡ
԰
ȵȣԼɶûɶɶֻյһװˣһǸûκͻııףοܾˣܲܰɡѽųˣ
һΣڱסֳʱ򣬵һôֱ׳޲ͦزģȻ֮ʡ
ô͵˵ɲá
Ʈĸо̫ˬˣ


101 
˲ӨҪȥȴӨס
ԭμһ磬ǲ飬ģϾҲȥԺǱߡ
Ͳƽʱ취棬һֻǴһͨӨתӰȫһЩ
ȻҪͲ˿ǾԶһЩĵط
ߵû˵ĵطӨóһܽʯ̶ɵıʼܡ
ǵ̫·ϵģ˵·ʱϿ鷳ΪǲŻ߶ϵԵɣף˳μӿƾ٣Բ϶д
۵ȵϲһֱֻԨһͨѧʿ۵ʶ빬˲ϵλã̫Ͳϳʱ·پʼܸϣֻҪűʼҪһ£᲻Եɣףƴɡ
õʼܾ֪ϵ˼ˣǲ빬ϾڲҲֻæռһЩϢЩ˻ЧԪȼǹڵϾͰﲻʲôæˣʼܾͿԽһ̫İؼʱ˵ܾ
鲻·٣ȻˣǲܼҪ˼ˡ
Өлʹ뿪ǲӨǽס˳飬Щε˵֪ӿɷ񡭡뿪
Ө龽ΪѣȥԺ·⻹Щ˾ƵǣӨЩηģͶԳĲŻЩøУ游ƺҲͦó飬ĴȻӨ֪Ϊʲô游ôƶܳΪеһԱǲӨ;óǿ֮ˣԲɵϣܰæһ¡
ҪҲ֣ʹӦˡ
ԣ·ҹȥϱ磬ǷҪһ뿪𣿡ѯʡ
Өһ£ֺܿͷֻЩû뵽
Ҳֻ̫ϰǶ̬ȣǱʶΪȻӦ˾ͻ뿪Ŀľֻ
룬ҪȥһߣĿĺͱһ뿪˳ĸо
Өһ˲Ի󣬵Ҳδ룬͸һߡ
ߵ֮ǰڵλãȻֻڡ
΢΢üʵأ
ʱҿųͲӨѾɵˣд˼ʡ
ŮɵģȻҲǶԸ߸ϵŮĽŮڸһ𣬳СǸ岻
ڼ令̵УԱųұˣǳǰֵˡ
ǣζᣬҿ˶ҹߣ˵꣬ߡ
ӨһΣ˼ӣҪԼȥɡ
鵹ҲûʲôӦûϵߡ
ϲ˵˵ȻţոջʱѾ󱻲ס誽ѹûʲô˶϶һ˴ģȥˣֻһʱûƼˡ
΢һ¾żæŵĽӣûһǵԤ֮ǰһ㣬ƴĽ֤Լףսôȥʲô˶
ȥӨҲԼģڵ˽ģ˵Ǻ;ΪȻβӨ鷳ܡ
Ө߿ôһûֵڸĵطο߿һҲǰģ͸ӡ
ͷĲɣͻȻ䱻Өһ¡
һ㶣ͼӨεųƺҪܿǼûзӦͻŵİһԵһƺײ˲ײ¶ʵӨֻǿǰƺ˵ʲô˽ܵ飬żȻҪܿá
ʱϤ
ɫһ䣬Ȼ˵ҪʲôˣĿһӣһСԱĶӡĽȦûˣôҪͶ
ӿ飬ͫ΢Ƕ䣿ϲ
Ȼź˵û֮ˡ
ûУ
֮ˣ
ûϲˣ
ǵԼ棬ô˵Ϊ֪顣
һ˶ǿûĴİ֮ǰ͸˵񵫷лֱ׳ĳϣôֳ԰ĽĶ˵ûУ
ûϲˣʲô
ڰʾӿϲ
ʱѾ٣ֽץסһ֦ĪŭֱֻĶıӰԱߵĲӨʾ͵뿪ûע⡣
ź˵һ䣬ͳסֱӺһƿһɡ
Ȱ˵Ļ֮󣬳鲻ˡ
˵Ļ˲ͬһڳϡ
ҿ˶ҹ
ɫ˲ڳɹףǱѪҺеĻȫҪˡ
ΪӨ뿪һͷȥұŽį
һǣôϲôֲ֣ͨһ￴ġ
ǡֻǺ˵һ֮Լ
ˣΪòȥϣȻǱˣûıڣ͸˯ˣֵĶġͲǻΪİ֮ˣôýԺá
꣡һһʧأץһ֦
һ˶һ¡
ֱ˳ȥǿһ˲侪ŵıʱҵһ¡
ȻԼֻŽͣԼֵģһᡣ
Ҫô˵
ͻȻҲˣ͸ΪʲôҪ͵
ûͣһŵӡ
ӱŵ󣬷·ڽıӻ
ǡǡĪЦͷƤһһķ顣
ӨΪܵĳ龹ȻϽ֪ͣʧֻܻŵǸǾǸպ·Ҫ͵ġ
·ɻֻ뿪·
ӨϽ͵ǡҪ뿪һ˲԰гһ¡ҡҲˣˡ
ΣӨͶͱһӵĳΣ޲ʧ
ӦӨżҪߣȴվԭأ͵ܣ㲻ҪͲС𣿡
ӨҪ˵ˡ
ͻȻһ̹ǵʵȴ
˵ʲô
ҲһЩ±ƣ˵ʲô
͡ͲС㡣
Ķвŭȼգһ˿ײĲʡ
ԭֱ׳÷飬˹ˣˣΪʲôѵ軹˵ıˣ֮ǰʲô©˵ط߲ͲС㣿ǲԼµĻ
Ʈһӣô͸оҪ׹ˣ
ͻȻһֵЦĿǿڵǸߣü۸ոյĻ⣿
ѹ͵üۣ˿͸ʵ顣
ȴú޵ݡ
ɫҲˣֻܵ··˽ŵĲ֪һӶһ˹ĸףһ飬͵Ѿˣ˶ʶĲᣬ߼װû
ǳȴֱÿ˵úӺ޲þ͵ʧе̫ˡ
ֻ̬оβѣΪߣĲ÷βܡ
ܣ˽¡òСõȣȥˡ˵꣬͸鼷üŪ۵İʾ
ȫûӦɨӣһӾȻúȶ
˽£ãͲСߣ˽£ҾͲˡ
Ļ˵꣬˹ʱֱӵˣ˵ˣһֱӻغ
ŶŶ֪ˡ
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Ųһ٣֪ˣһ䣿ںˣ֮ǰ˭˵ԺҲļң
ԼʱôոָӨˣѵ˵ˣһʱ߾͡Ա
òǡˣ
ͷɨһۣȴѾһƬֱܵҪ̧ץסȴһ˲䴹¡
ĸ鲻
ǶѾĻѡУҲַѾעһϵˣʱ˶İԾǣŵģԼǰߣֻǰƺӰʲô
ϲֱĽĸо໤ֻҪתԼĵˣԼôʸҪһֱֻԼһأҲδΪˡ
֪Լʲôֻ֪ԼֺìܣȷӦѾ뿪
ԹԵߣòӨںС
ûʶǰֻԼϲðһУȴʼˡ
ֻݹǣάֶã
ȵͻŮԺǱߣֱӻԼԺᡣ
һһʮˣҪ㱨飬ͼһֱĬĳ飬ͻȻһϡ
ŵһʮֱӹ򵹣ǵӶŭˡ
ȥҶǸʲô飬ɱպģɱһ仰ŵһʮ
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ӣģҪǸҴȣ
һ㶯ҵ
һѸٷӦסȱ۵ʮ֪ͣˣǵɱպģȻӴá
ĬӦ£һʮȥˡ
ҵڣ´ϣܲٶ졣һһ߸·ˣһѵʮ
ʮҴҲݣڲƭӣǾһĹӿ϶ȶˣҪԶ֡
һԺˣ֪𣿡
ʮ˽⣡
һߣܸоﲻζһʱַӦˡ
ֹӣҡ
عŻĺӣεĿڵǸ㲻ˣܾڿЦѣȥɡ
̲סį֮ǰƵĹѾûˣҲ˵ֻֻܸ˪һĶ뿪
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أͻȻо󲱾쬵ģͷ˿ɶû
ǲɵȻǺӷֿˣҲûгĴ㣬ôȥӣ֪𣿡ʮ㵵һֱô𣿡
죬ֻ۲죡һȵ㣬ȻʮһһһէͰӵС
ʮҲֻܱ
һͿͻȻ󾪵񱼻ȥ
±ƵĶһۣϽϡ
ۿķڵԺᣬ˵һǸоȣովȨӦĺˡ
˾ͷɵߴţֻٶȲĳ嵽ſڣԽյķҪɲס
ô򿪣Ȼһ˽ȥѿŵĳֱѹȫһ
һʮ
ʮŭɶҪɱ
һϽ죡ɱɣǲжΣգ
ʮСӲǸģǿӵģɫ죬åſӣһΣհ


102 
ԭǻһȳģȵȻֵȻҡ
ֵʳء
شҾͷ߷߲˵˸ոյ顣
һ㶣ĿɿڴĿң˵ɶ
ļֵǰ֪Ҳֵģǣ
˿ȣװû
ȴһҵĻ֮ǣô룿᲻ʲô
ովԼźӵ治Լϲ˺֪ܺİ͹ˣûбҪѸ£ɵ˶֪Գδûôԣȷļɣ˵ϲָ᷸ġ
һȴΪҵǰϱʮ΢ˡ
ΪпܸĻᣬȻ˵ûϲˣĶԻԼߣ͸˵ڻûл⡭
ովòԾĵطȻʣҲڳУûоܾӣ׼һЩɲ飬һб˰ɡ
ѹȥǶŭˣôƫִô飬û쭣Ҳǹڣƻ
ΣΣΣգ
ӱΣˢˣ붼ûֱӿ񱼳ȥ
ϽĻʲôĺ롣
ڿ񱼣ȶֹסƵģԺᣬһת䣬ֱҪײϡ
û뵽ÿš
Ҳû뵽ûĵȥˣһʮôûл֤ˣû˦ӣ˵ǰ£׼ɶԲ顣
ôУϲ˵ҪġĶҪҲԲñǰ̫󷽣˲ŻΪúŪˣľֻģԲܡ
һţĶˣֱ
ƾķӦôܶ㲻ֻһ˲䣬ˣͬþһ㣬ֱѹһʵŸоʵ
ŽߵˣܵٵϢĴϣģǰǼȴֻٵĹâ
鶯˶촽һ磿
Σ棡Σա
ո˵Ӧϵͳ󾯸档
ҪɱѾôﲻҲ̫С˰ɡ
رġ
ѧ᲻ɫĶɱûϰ
ԡԲҲǹģҲһֱһֱˣòŲ
ͷ󺹣Ӳոǧһ֮ʣһ˫˳࣬Ŷˡײħ䡯
ţС˵·ǷַŮԽɫϵľ飬ȻãûŮǸãį𣿿ʼʳˣûҪɱ
죬ҼֲסˡѾڲˣҲҪŲסˡͲһ׵ľ룬Ҫι
ƺŻعֱƿ
ƿһ˲䣬Ҳˡ
ΪҲ侲ˣȴ֪ոյɱʵһ
һڰסʮָȻӡ
˵ڵϣֱۣվĳϽܣҴˣĴˣҵ
˵ļ£鱳·ȴڶ߲ϵĹĶոձײ
͡ͺǼ飬иոײ¡һʱҲò׼̬ȣֻС̽
ҿûע⡣鵭˵
ûӡȻǺӵ鰡
ܣոǸҲ̫죬ͻȻұһҶû뵽ϲңһʼҾ;ܾˣΪ뿪ˣֱҾܾܣԾͻȻ벻嶯ˡǾͳˣϾΣ˼ҺҲͦģοвСŮڣԾˡǹҪߣɱᡣֱ˵ĵǸֻܹոˣȰǰ˵˵ˣҸոոҵǸˣ˵Ҳڵʱ򣬺ұƭ㣬СƤˣͷʹһ١
ʵոճǻŭôһײѾײɢˣʱֻ֣ŵĸͣѾûжŭˣͻȻһ˿̽˼
Ӳ𣿿óϲ㡣
ҸлϲֲϲôأԴǵ˵
ǣո׼Աİɡ
ͷı飬۵׵ĻţͷĴ󺹶ˣҲͿˡ
֮ǰ䴦ȷϺӨᣬˡ
оʹ࣬һʱ嶯ҪոҲǿһҪܱܶϲԲͲӨ뿪
Ϊʲôûеͣ˺һԭɡ
ΪҲѡ񣬵վԸˣҲҪװû·ϽյԼǰԼ
ı΢жϲ
ͻȻоԼ̫ˡ
뵽ȻһʱҪԼЩе㲻֪ôˡ
Ĺ򣬼ֱۣոҲΪ˲ᱡԸԼˡ
ͻȻڵ
һ㶣̧ͷȥͼתȥҩƣһϲĻˣ
Ͻƨƨߵĸȥڴߣ֡
ų鵹ҩƣȻȻĸ꣬ڷˡ
ķ޳ǼʶˣһҪɱһֶã׼ŭ׺ãǰ黢
ͻȻ鿪ڵҡոոС뿪ΪжңȥҲǳڣŻ
Ŷԭˡ
˵ԼôùΪʲôһ·˵أװôһ⵽ʲôʰ
ֱ۵ʹֱ顣ͻȻ֮ǰӦҪͺӽ飬룬ɣǸҪͺӽ飬á
鲻ԵԼ̫ںֱӵһ飬˳͹ȥͺá漴ͻأĿڵ磬պҪˣһСĿܾͻᱻץסѱͶͱ飬δؾģһƾ鷳ˣԡպǽԺñȽϺá
һ£Щ˵룬УԼòôܲס¡롢ɡ
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˿ȣţ֪ˡ
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ʰֶһ£ΣȻ֮ǰװνֱŷҲ
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ֲҪˣû𣿡״Ʋʵ
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æ㲻Ҫ뿪ǰɣæǼ찡ż
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࡭ɡ
ܹţһͷǾˡ
ĬĬŶȣɫȻˣЩڣԥŸòðѻգҲС
Ϳҧޱȼѵĵͷ졣
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ǵһڼеõҵĴ¹ЩЦжཀྵӲЦ˵ϲ
ǽӲ飬뵽һζЦһΡ
ưϺǰкģЩҪӶС
һ羹ȻҲ˳ˣһûг֣Ǿޱ
ޱѾ˵ˣμӣףֳ
ֱӵͷӦ£֪ˡѾżӣ͵ûЦɣװͬ飬ȥΪǵëûء
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֮Ϳʼʱ⡣
ڶյʱҾţҪȥ棬һ룬͵ҲԼļںˣָԼŷż٣Ҳͦġ
ȥ֪ұȽϻ棬Ǻҿɲȥͥ¥
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ݣͦģû£ҲæǾȥɡ
˸߲ҵ̤˽¥֮á


103 
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һֻ˳ƿɫ԰׵ĳ顣
ȥͱȥˡ
һżӣҿԡ
ˡվЩȣͷһûѪɫӣԼӶѪζ΢΢ü
´Σ浤÷ʱ򣬱𿿽ңҹǷܣҪԼһҪõҡ
ӣ²ãǽжһż
鶼ѾźãʮԸɡֱӵ
һҲֻܵͷӦ£˳ȥ
˸ԼˮԡԴ˰֮󣬺ԽҲԽ
ˮУϴȥһҹʹ䣬Ϊʹ͹Ҳõ滺
֮ʮһ۾ӣЩ£Һһǻ书ģͬͨˡ뵽鲻ɵ
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ϴηԼߣûôۣҲչ˵ķʽðɡ
ֻϧԼʧȥʶ޷Լʹ࣬˿ֻᱻֻܿԼȥ
黺۾ǰرԺסһδա֪ʲô
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ǰľͷһ޴͵̨ɫңӦͬɾصΧĸ¥ϣ˿̨װΣȥʮ㡣
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˵ǵһʼĽ¥һЩ֮һ߳žƣһ˵˳·輧Ҳѵõһֱǹϵѹܡ
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һµĹأҲ˵㰡һȨǡڽ¥µģϾϰս⡣
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ʱȵʵеǿƵ̫ԶлҾ͸һλʵһһֻ۱һֻۣ͵רȨҳ
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Ӧ˵ӼһĿˣǿ˼ǴͷŹ磬ſרõߣŲŵصı·
˵Ҳȵ̫˰ɡ
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104 
𱱧ſ޺Ѿͷͣİѯʡ
Ѿͷһ˫ԲĺŭĿӣò̫׼Ĵﺰոҩңˣҵ۶ˣǲѾҡѾͷ޵ĲԼıһ
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105 
Ҵ˻һ͸оԼֱӼǿ߱һɭĿעӡ
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106 
һ񣬽ôѳְ
ľѣоԼҪ裬ԺзĻž顣
ܹܣܹܣܹܰ
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ĻǻҪͬء֪ZǱߵҪôأ
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ɫ˱䣬˸𾪲ѣû뵽Z徹ȻǰԤˣԼ˵ȻǴСȫȨλҲ۲ˣһӾȻͿǵˡ
ȻҲĻոڸ͵ʱ;СӲˣǴ˺£˫۾ſʱ򣬷·ܿ͸˵Ƥ¹ͷ
ȻҳϣҪƱһ£鿪ڵˣ֪ҲģҾóһݳ⣬Ըֻռӯɡ
˻һɴ˫ۣԭԤƵĳɣϾżǣܻɣɿĺ°
˼ǺȴⲻռǱ𣿡
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ZĳʮˣҿҲĿⳤԶȴӣϾǲ²ԷǹеܹܣֻҪùϵԺĺôֻ಻٣˵ľ֮
ȻҲԥˣֻһͨĹûôȨȻҲͲһֱĻӣԶԷҲţöԷôҲ
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107 
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ԪǾϲˣǹ𣿵ôֱģƾζ𣿡
⡭ūҲ֪ģݸ棬ֻҪתͶ̥ūŶܿһųĿ
ԪȼҲⱾµȷպǻСαװٺãҲ㲻ıӡ
ޡ

Ӱ빬ʱٸտǲ빬ŵһ̣ǳڡ
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ȻҲܹܻ˵ж°ͣ޷ڡǲɱܹܣɱˣûʣҪŴ뿪Ҳκ˾ͺˡ
ԭʱʮӦʮһڱ𴦱סˣֻ취
ܹܵȻҲǸ֣һעһѸ֣Ҫˡǿó鲻书͵ģҪ䲻⡣
ǳ鼴ʹʧ书սֱˣ׾ʶǵļƻ
һֳкĻܹܷʺĲӣһֻһ̧İɳ˹˵ʼδ
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ԵתһʱѸ㣬㲻һѾɵС̫൱ƣ
ȻС̫ܹͷãҲܹܵ뱣֤Լܾӡ޺֮ɳ˳顣
һջӿʬ壬Юܹܵȴ˿Ҳֻûȴǲһʱ䣬Ȼް취
һ񶷼ڼ˲ɣȵֹͣʱܹܵĲѾѪһƬ
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ܹ־ֲŵĵ£黺ڵҲֻҪܹȥһطһˣϣȻ˺ܹܡ˵ţͿΨһڳֻʯˣȥ׼
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ǰܹһŲԶĺҲǰҲŲסҡ
ѾˣĹͼ͸ҪڻƵĸò̱ȴʶд档
ʱͨһСĴ򿪣һűĺһ˽
鿴ͺ˵ʱ򣬶ɫһ䣬Ȼʶġ
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굹ûж룬Ͼܹܾ̰Ĳ㣬ٴҲҸܹԵġ
Զȥ˶ܹ֮ܵĴߴҲתȥⶾ
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ܹ֪һ֮㱨飬Ǻô˵ܲ³ʲôƾôԸһ谭ԼҵôöŻȥء
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ܹܵ񣬾֪Ȱ˵ãհ졣
ѳµʱͻȻһ˳ǲԤ⵽δʹǡʲôʧͬ˷財һҰޡ
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ԶķڣһӦԹԵĵȥ˵ҪһߵģܶʳԵġ
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108 
ſڵŲ뿪Ҳ̫ĶֵԼͬʱһ輧ǰ߹߽һߵİС
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˵ֻƴɨԼС
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ǲĽչҴţƴʱæԭǱΧĴߣ߸ɴ൱ҹݶˣû뵽»һ취
ʵÿᶼһܼӵ㣬ΪľǷֹһЩ̬Ŀ˺ǣƽʱЩӵ㶼ǱӵסģһҲֲˣֻǰһ̬ĿˣºȥӲ֪ôһС
°æϧ֮ǰµĳŵ֪ǲԼѣҲû̫һ¶ʹȥˡ
Ų֮ӣ°ʹȥЩԵĹ
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һȥͿʬ壬Ǹ̫༸ûһʮֱ¶ĳ̼˲ÿһУĳŴ߳ȥ
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һػͶ̴ٵĲҽУһйƽֻٵķ·ԵĴϢ
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оԼܲˣ͸һһͻȻӦԭľͲľ飬ԭΨһóѵֻԭѣûܹܣһΪ˺ܶ࣬ԡԼĴԼı˺ܶ鵼ƵŻẦôڻУܵ裿
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ĿںۣоʮίȻҲ֪ίʲôޣˡҲһһŵµĺۡ
жˣҪҽҩѾˣǵöǴŽҩġ
һ֮ȴ˺ܶƿǻڱ״̬µԾȻ쳣ѣֱϵͳ￨bug׼ԼԵʱϵͳͻȫѡ
ֻƿǲҪģʱҲһֱûһ̫࣬ǴŵĺһѣѡѡֱιԣȻ¿춯õӴΡ
Ȼͬԭһʶʱ񣬺ϣܿҩЧãܿ˵ˣûд󺰴У򶨵ŸոһЩһ²⣬ȴҿ϶Ͼе̫˼ˡ
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ŵĿԼǰ̳Уٻͷϵȴһ˫Եɺ
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˶ˣۿųҪȥ²Ͻֳȥ
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һȣҩͱӲ˳˵Ĵݼڻ
оԼѹסԽԽСΪҩã׼˿
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ʱ俴µĳ顣ġЩˡ
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ذ״Ա߻䣬ԴѾٶһȡ
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һתµߵ
ݱ򿪵˲䣬ɵˡ


109 
Ԫȼʬѳɵɽǰ߻صͬİԶͺѣƭеĳªϮԪȼĴԡ
ѪѾʪĿȣһĿ˵ԹޣԶе׷϶ĶվʹĵÿһҪ۵ʣҪٿѶҪ
ʧܣҪɱжԲˣҪ
ǰȴһƬڰںܴ׾ͻܸоΧΣգ˶ҪֻһˣȫֻܱԼȻʲôȻʲôǾɱɾֻɱɾˣԼȫġ
䣬κοԼĶ
ֺۣۣͷ涼͸һɭ䣬ǲͣһͣ¾ͻ·һͷϻֹĺҹУʱŵ˵ϮһиԨ
ͻȻһ󾢷翿óоܵв
ΪԼӭһɱ⣬ȴһ˲оһСƬů
ĴݱʲôĶڻ
ԱɱĶԺܡ
̧оҪһ£ȴоϵůҪʧ
˲ң޾ĻгõĶôʧȥء
һɣסҪܵ𣬷ϣǿƵѹΪƸֹܷܡ
ٶϮ룬ȡ̰ƣҪࡣ
ԽԽůζ
·׷Ѱűܣѹţƺܵ΢Ҫƿҧһºд壬ƺһίʣȻȸԾѣӼȡ
ǴʱԺкܵʲôӰ죬һһĻָڰʧҲʶԼʲô
ӲɳʩΪͱȴ򿪣϶ϲϣڳϢ
ǳ׵ɵˣԼһƬհף޷ڷʲô
ι˸ҩҲȲѣҪռˣôͱˣ񱻱Ƶġ
ڸҩЧûû
ҪˣҪˣô󣬻磬˶ιҩȲѵϵһαǡ
δϱ֮õĻŶԣô͡ڽ챻ǿǶˣ
ҵٿһ
ôĵʲô鰡ֲŮԽɫĺ󹬣ѵιҩ͸ľ·ܷ˵ϣ
ȵȣ˵Ķʲôţ
ܳʲôأ¹ݶˣ˰Ҳ˰Բѣܼˣ
ͼƿĳˣȴҧһ¡
⴫Ĵʹо̫ʵ֮ǰ˼Ȼңһʹ˿ڷǳܵΪС
̼˺żǣмܲסؿڷƣڣǰһڡ
ͬʱҩЧ鳹״ֻĸоˡ
촽״̬㵵ĵɴ˫ۣѾ˵ȻֹͣһУ̧ͷһ˲䣬ˮͬ˿һԺһ£·Ҫըˡ
סǰһУոסΪʲôַ
ĸоԾɲڴϣԵÿһ񾭶ܵ˸Ⱦûһ񾭿Իشģ͸ϴʧضһ޷⡣
֪ϽҪ
ǰĺ촽Ϊ΢΢·ĳħһ㣬ʣһƬҡ
ȴٴδĴʱ鱻ѣҪ˺ջƵȻ̧ͷ£ٶ࿴һۡ
֮ǰʶոڸ鲻ԼΪǿԼ侲ܡһΪ鱻̼ˣԴԳˣԣոǸʱ򣬾ͿĨʲôı̬ĲͣȤζһϵҩ⡣
ȥļԺиֳ֣סͷͻȻһٵĽŲٽ
˲ԾһֳУһֺ죬ס
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ʱʮѾѪҲأȻ˺صˣǵڵĲ״ֿƵƣĹڵأӳͷûãˣӣ㡭
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ҵģεˣš鲻һͷֻܷԸʮ
ʮȵĿиӣСڡ
˵˳˿ֳĿܹܵϣܹѾԭˣʱжݣʮټԼŵˡ
ͻȻܹһ䣬ذֱӴ͸ܹܵƣ˶ϣ͸ոܹܶһ
ܹܱ͵۵һ¸۵ֱӽ˳ֿסܹܵ죬Сڳʱ
ܹͨģߣʹĿų飬ϵġ
ʱûпǿ˽һֱҶҲҳĺ
ŵĿų飬ֹסĲ
ΪʲôӣȣĿ
ūšūŲҡ
֪˭ˣʵ
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Цһ㲻æΪһ֪һϽ֪˰ڣᱻڣֹΨһİ취յɱٳûԱ
һӾͱ˵˼ɫѿˣǸжôǰزסκ˼
ȷپһڹȻеλ㲻ϻϵĸȴ£Ȼֻżӹٽȴ˻жɻǸ˵ĴڣǺ޲Ĩȥ˵һкۼֻϣսڵͫйأôԸ֪˻ţ˾ǣص˻ʹء
ܹ˶޹ǣġ
һжصأ˶Ȱ˵٣û뵽پȻô̰ģֱɱ˶ܹ꣬Ǳ߿϶֣ɲ޴ΪУһڸǣҲ֪ǰ˾ȻĿˣһҲҪٵġ
һ򵹣ūʲô˵ҲֻūһūʲôԸΪ
áͻȻӦ
һ㶣ʼͷð亹ôô״ӦܰԼתȻϱԼҲ·һа취ġǳ鷴˰ģһڴӦ͸оԼˡ
˼ţͻȻ黺ڵΰʮʱΪ˸ΨһİܻǮԸ빬֮׬Ҳ͵ܵУĵܵѾھӵׯɼҵкֵ鼫ã˵һȫ
һŲ԰׵Ȼֵ࣬Ŀų顣
û˿¶ȣȥ̫ӵ½ȻͬҪԼжˡ
㡭ʵµۼˣһֱС΢Ļڻʹ̰ǮҲͷóܱǳȫˣܹܵ˶ˣȴֻһ˻˵ֶܹܵΣ׻лȥĿ𣿡
ΰѾףܹܶΣҪǳ֮ǰѾƺһУʲôҪɱʲôҪԼעǱѡб̳ūţֻдӦܱסԼͼһ
֪˻ҪͶЧˣôðգԼͼ˹Ҳȫ
鿴źΰɫı仯ӴΪãҿ㱣֤˵İȫҲʲô㱩¶ϾҪһֱ㵽һӹٵڹڰңǸӦ֪ôѡɡ
ūšƾӷԸճصĿһͷ
鲢δһ¶֪ΰЧң֮еѡ񣬵иõѡᱳԼϾԼĴھǽɣ޷κ˻ñӻ֪͵ɱ֮ټѾϣֻѡ͵͵İӲд
ɣһЦţɨٳ١
ǵĻȻֱŵӡ
ܿ죬һ˹ڱǴźʵԭڿڱϾͺˣһΰŲվԱߣճķԸһµˮˮĽʪϣúѡ
һֿ̣ٻʼ
¡Сʱչ˹ķϣūһɣū֪ˣúΰ飬Ҷ
ҿԿһ£ȻشҼ⡣
ʵֻҪ侲֪ƭɣıܻҪץסһϣ
ūţūſ϶ش𡭡
ˮһ㡣ֱӵ
˲޺ġ
漴ʣȻʺȻʺôģ
ٲūֻ֪Ȼǲģʱ̫λ̫ҽڵУȻʡǿ϶ģȻʺ󡭡Ȼʺ˷ֵʱϵģڡдԣϵպ۲ԡʱΣ˭׷ôˡ
һƬӲȴȭõٶѪΰΰͷʾ֪һ
ݺݵҧĽһںѪζĺ¡ԣڵС̻ʺ󣬵Ĵ̻ʺĸסǸͻݵŮǱ˺
ӡΰһѾҪˣ˶ϢĻĥ
һѪԨ⣬ϧʲô֪Ҳûмֵˡ
ٻʼ鴤ܵúΰס鷳ֱӴٵ˫ۣ漴ٿúһ
ſ޵ˣôء
Ҫȥ飬ͻȻһ⣬ͿʺΰոնԸҵʱͿĨһָҩʲôã
ΰ㶣ǵԼı̬淨ҩ˵úۼͣãϲƤ϶۵ӣ֮Ⲣûʲôá
Ҫ͡
ͻȻ鿪ڵˣʲôȻǴһ࣬ûжԣ
ΰܵĻش⣬ûû
ͷ˷һߵĽ鿴ʬ塣
ΰҲûж룬Ͼ飬޲Լûתͷʹ٣ЦһҲһĺ뿪ֹͣ˵ˮһ
Сʱ׾ͱѡУ֮ı̬جΣ̫Ū̫治Ƕʵ飬Ҳһܱȥû뵽ᡣ
ƿʪȻһĿźΰһ˲侹Ȼмѣһ룬ΰ߻ܹܣСһ̣Ҫúһ
漴ٵ;ͱȫ˵ĥԻŵ̬˵ֱ̣۶
ʱĳѾռ˶ϵĶҩ˷һҴߵߡ
輧Ϊʲôһж
΢΢üҲ˼ֱµĲϡ
ʱӦûʲôĿװͱ󻼡
Ҫ֣ͻȻʮӣҪˣҪ𣿡
鶯һ٣ͻȻ뵽ǰŮ֮ǰǸౣ״̬Ҳ֪ûһˣǡһһͷһʮڡ
ߣ̧־ͽԾɻԵ
ӣʮϽܹ
ֱӵԭƻ飬ҲһˡźٰſŮ˴ȥǱߡ
˵꣬ͱ뿪صǰķ䡣
İ˷ºȻҪˣͻȻоһ󾪻ţûøô죿
嶯֮£龹ȻְֱѼˡ


110 
ʶ״̬£ǡҩӰġԲûʲô塭
Ǹôͣ᲻᣿
Ϊ˲ģԼǲǾ˳ˣԼˣøġ
ǸǡʵҲᣬûж˲뷨ҲҲҲǲС
ԣҲҲǲУ
ԷתͻȻŻԵһ
ҪԿѵԿ
黺ѹ忿Ĵ°ͣĴ꣬ǵĴУá
Ҫһ
ĺһ˷Ķ
Ҫͷ˲䣬ΪҪգȻ˳յĻһʹϮһѪϡ
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ϵƤǰɫģ࣬ѪҺĳ£ԵûҰƣʧصʱҲûд󣬸սһܵˡ
գӣֱ۶࣬ϵĺۼ
˶סˡ԰ոΪ˾С
ͻȻ֮һ£Դ˲ѣͫ׶ˡ
ʲô
ʸǻģԵĵ壬ã¡
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ԨԵˣÿһ֮ĺġ
ԱûС
Լܲܰٷְٽһ˶޷ȷʵƾ費֪Լҩһֿĸ飬Լһµ
ôԴ
ԭĸ飬ԶһΣգΪ˽ϧðգԼҲûˡ
أĴӦ᲻޷ˣʱʲôԵİջסأ
άڵĹϵԼˣҲܼװƭ˰ϺܺߣһϵһжһˡԼǰˣ͵øѳᡣǲܣм˷ݣΪ˵ҪĿꡣ
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ԼʲôȷֹڴˣúõĻסֱܳװȫһ죬ٺúõĿǴ£𸴡
뵽Ѿ˴𰸣ԵĵͳȻоʧסǹĸоĻ˼̡
Ҳòϣõİš
ҲֵԼôĵİţһˣʱĶԼ롭ҪúõİҲҲʱ俴Լ飬š
ֱѹȻһͷײĶͷ
۵һ֮ǰͷˣһŶͷֱڴϹ
Ŵ˼ѹһסࡣ
ççײײġ
ҡҡ飬ûˣˣϽץסʵ
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ЩأϽ˿ܡ
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ͷһͿһΣŵĿҡһ赹֮ģ㡭ǵö٣㡭ʱûʶǲǷʲôԼ֪
һ˲˼ʱңԼɱˣʱͻȻס
ΪʲôôôΣգӣ߶Լɱֹȴѡһַʽ
ͻȻһʹʱǲǾˣԱűľģҪסһ̣Ҳ
һǵõӣǵΪ֣ƽ⣬Ҫάְ

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ʱ¶Ҿͽʧȥʶˣʱ򣬷εԱߣҾ취ȴˡ˵꣬ġ
ȴһ϶ҪѹסϲõЦˣ̫ˣ첻Ұ
Ȼ֪ǿǿ϶⣬ֱУôҪʶĻΪԼַʽιҩɵġ
ǵε¼õģǵþʹûľҪãԺҪ죬ߴأһǵãǻôദ
ֻһ˼ǵãǾͲҪƽ⻹άȥ
ȻԼûˣǡǳˣô鳤úÿԼҲ̫ɱ
鿴仯Ī飬Щǵô𣿡һɳ嶯˵Щ飬ԼôӦ
ŶǲҪҸ˵ô£Ҽ뿪ôòģҵǸҾæȥ㣬͵ʱǸˣ͸ϽңǱʱ򣬾ͼ̫ͼ죬Ҿʹһ٣Ƕ˹ȥ
Ҫ˵һµʱص㵱ȻԼ¶ûܹ֮ǰĶԻҪȻʵݾͱÿˡ
Ȼûл͵ʲô֪ˣڲƽκһ֪ݵĻܺϾ̫˼οٵʱҲû˵ʲôǹˣɻҲɲǷȥֻƴϵۡ
þûлӦԼ˵ʲôϽʱֻž㣬ûŪô£ô̸̸ЩֵĶ̫ɱֵģһ鷳ȥˣ㻹֪ôأΣհҡһôˣô죿ٸ᲻鷳
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ͷδ̫ࡣʱԼɲǾˡ
ڹҲְԺ빬ΪζǶչˣΨһҪǶԽ鱣ܡйϵڲ棬һڴʣ⣬
鶯ǣϹԼˡȻȥ׷ϸڣ͵ϡͿ˽ˣѾǱշˣԺж᷽ܶࡣ
Ȼһ֣ȻǴһ¾͸ɵ˹֮һĻ¹ͷͷѹδ¹֮һɺԭôġȻǲΪӪһξȻһ﷭Ҳǹùġ
Լһ
˲ĻŭţԼǵþȻôҪ
һ񼯣6ɱܹɣɫΪмˡ100㣬ܼ104㣬ȣ30%
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ʱţ׼ȥţͿ˳Ϊ¶Ĳϵĺۼ
ʱеǣȻǵˣ᲻ʲôһһСİӰڻô죿һ뵽Ͻס֣Ͱ͵Ǹм˵ˣҴʱ򡭡
鿴֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ȴôϿסˣ˰ſڵǸ̫·ûѣҲֻ£㡭Ǳ۸ˣᰡ
鿴ŵСģкЦٱǸԾɷֱ࣬ڵģѾ˵ˣǸ̫һ̬ǰһѡ
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ͷ֪ʲôЦŵҿûбǸ̬ᱡǶ˽̡
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鿴ķӦ΢ůٶҲˣһĴ׳ԵĲ١ͻȻ̲סڵ
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״Լ촽еֵֹġ
ʱˣԼĴҲоЩ飬ͷеˡ
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еΣϾ֮ǰвǰ磬͹񣬿ھǸлǵľ֮ȻѾ֪ǵݣȻ߶߶죬Ժᱨ𣬴λ뿪齻Ϳˡ
֪һҲǳ鰲źõġ
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ʱŮҪڻˣԼָı˾ˣ
Уɱ֣֮ľͱչˣôȰ


111 
ҪֱӱµݣòƽͲΪʲô֪
˼ǰҲֻһ߰´˿ڣһ̽Ŀڵ֮ǰҵǸʱһȻû˵ݺЩ򵥡Ǽҵ䱻ǸлϰЭͨӦþǵƤܳðգò¹˭ҵĴСɡ
Ȼһ¡
㵽Ϊֹ֪ıӦûȥµݣͿԻعˡ
µ˿ʱҲ֪أоԴѪܹǴ¶Щģһͦصġɣÿ򣬱ɵˡ
Уûͣʱǣ塣
Ҳܰһ˾°ɣһ˿ڳ⡭
΢΢ü¿һУⶪǾԲеģΪݴɣʱҲɱܾʮҲˣոպ֪ͨ뿪˼ǱѾ׼ˣԱҪߡ
һԥӣֻܵˣڶŴɢİѾȥˣҩ̲ס̧֣Ҫ´˿ڡ
ֹǺܺÿһ㣬Ƥǰ𪾧Өֻϧ˺мѪģȫĹᴩˣʣպҲֻ̣ڿôۡ
ü˿˿ڣ̲ס̧ͷ顣
ǳȴֻǾĿרעü֮侹Ȼֻͣȴ˿ʹ
ʵ𣿡
֮ŷӦֶԾС˰ˣô˵ۣ̣ʹƵġ
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ܱоֵֹġ
һڣ˵áȿȡ֪ô£ϢһͿ
˲ɫ΢䣬˵·ˡ

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˵ˡ군ˣȫˡϵͳǧжʧܰò׬Ļ֡
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˾ǵĴˣǸ𣬻õĴƣº֢˵˵ţͻȻðһע⡣
ߵͱȽ鷳㻹¹ˣǣϣƲ̫ãǶԽ鶼ҪܣҲǻ˵ĻȥҼסκˣƽϢٻһ㵱ͺúдģ㿴𣿡
ͻȻҲϽһʾ
ʵǲһģҪȻովͲôԥҪʱµݲȷԲߣڴ¥Ѿǳˣ޷ܿ£õİ취ǰشؼҡ
˶٣Ҳһ⣬ûֹ
ΪЩ࣬Щ飬Ȼֻ˼һֱӴӦⷴͳһ¡
㡭Ҳ̫ű˰ɡСΪеЦá
㲻еλҸ˵ұפұȥһʧ˲ɣǷһעҲܱעʱǱ߶һ㣬ˡԴ򵥵˵꣬Լ˵ĺе
ǳ鴤¹ܰȫĴ¹ܳҲáΪԼܴʵܵɵѾͷҺǲǻˡ
ЦЦãǺܿ㷽𣿡
µͷȥ˵һ£Ȼʰſڵǣ¾͸һеСһ˷ܣͷϵˣͱıȥˡ
ֱҡͷ
ҪȥԺ鿪ʵ
ҪȻأܲȥɣﲻǵĵ̲ȫ˵˱Ժĸ׺ͳ㣬Ǹд¡תͷ㡭ǻغǡ
ԥһ£ǿڵһҪ죬סˣǱߡ涼̫©һ鷳һΣա
ǺðɣæģҲûɶ£ڼ˰ɣҲæµ㻹һϽˣ˭ǻֶأ͸ôᣬҡոո飬ԼҪһʱһ¡ֱжԣҪƵĴˡ
˾뿪˽¥ǰյķ䣬֪ô顣
һϵľĶǽˣ¥ĴſڣѾ·ǡ
²֪ǲһߣ
򵥵Ľһ¡
ԭĸТ˳˵˵ţԭ˷ܵͻȻֿʼˡ
ʮҵ͵׻еС͵һοһ¾תעʼ˷ܵ˵Щ컹ûкúóȥأ˵Ҫдҵġ
Цû⣬ҪȷԴ˲زС
ȻصԺʱѾˣҲ˯ˣֻм˺˳ڵš
ΪʧѪģ۵˯ˣſڶвѣû취ֻԼ˱һ·ͻؿͷȻ˳ȥҴ
˳źԼ㾪°ͣϸʣֻȥϴѡ
ϴֵˣһŮʱ۾ɵԲתͷŭ
ʲô˰
ϴݺݵĵһۣȻͰ˸ϳȥһѾ߹æ
Ժ⣬˳ڵȵѯֻܽͳڽ¥鷳ˣͽӹˣѣɵ
˳ԭЩɵģҲֺ󣬾һȻʵӣȻү̲סȥҳүˣһүûȴһĪүͳүֲ죿үҪ̽үôһҲеİŮӻЧ
ⲻ˳ḻͻȻһòŮӻرԺǸ˶Ҫɵģ֪ˣͼ򵥶ˡ
Դʱ򣬰۶Ҫ죬˼үҹŮӻΪ㡣Ǿְ˵Сˣ첹һѪͺˡ
ָҪһЩ˵ҩŰ˼ҷŻȥϢ
źտº󣬾ͻԼԺˡȴ֪һֱӳ˱ԺĴţ˵ĸ߶ӣԼڶͻᷢҹһŮӻϢѾԺÿһˡ
һߣҹſڳһˣһֱ׷鹱ƷͨҹͨӵϢſһλá
һǺף״ܹܵġ
æ˽ܿʹӺе֪˹Ʒͨࡣ
ԭܹһֱԼְ֮˽͹Ʒеǵ̵ĳż̶ӵ£ԼʳǾУξ£һ𹹽һҵߣǵôѡ
ռ˴֤ݣȴڹϱµ˻ϸǰͻᱻһγŵȴܹԹ˲Ͼܳƺ󣬺лߵж״档
һʼҲɺı⣬Ǻʮ֮ǰ⣬˵Ϊ֪ܿ鵽ǵͷϣͷܹ޻Ϊ˱Ϊ˲֮ܲԩҲֻա
źϽ֤ǲػĵص㶼УѾ˾ŷ֣ȥ׽ࡣ
䣬ܹܳĿʵڵģΪ˱Լ׼ɱˣڸȥ˵üץġ
˸ȥ˽¥
һͿ˳¥ð̡
ӵˮ֪ͨĻʳǾҲ˹ٸŵ˶ˣһʱΧȺ
¥¥ˮƷǳ󣬵ʱһ¥¥չˣ˺Щˣձεʬһһ̧ʱˡ
̫ˮԭѾ޴ӿǵǷֻһ̫ʱͼˣʼҹʡ峿黹Ͻ˻Ǳߡ
Ҳ˻ȥ̲顣
Ϊݽ֤ȷ䣬Щ˵ȷǱɱ֮յģоͰܹҪڵˣΨܹܵӰͿԶ϶ɱڣܾˣܰ¶Իֳ֤ݣǱӡ
ٸ濪ʼץסܹܣȴ֪һ򿪵ʱ͵˳ˡ
ʵܵۡ
ٱռ֤йĺ˳µĵõ˽ٵܹ֮λͬŵʼӹܹڻ¹֮һ
ֻǸոսʥּĺܹܾͱܹܽȥ


112 
ܹҪ˵ʹµ˭ܹһѡ˱ȻϻҪ¡
ʮһѾϳˣ˶Ĺڣһڵһˡ
ܹܲߵֱ̫Ӿ͹
ܹǸһְλͬʲô
ĻǰūԶֻ¹ķݡܹܲΡΡ
Цˣɣܹ˴ˣҽҲҪϲ㡣
ҲҡܹæҲ粻ģָΪԼŭء
Ϸ塭
ܹܸովֱϥ˲ȥͨһ򵹣ǿǻ˵ūҲΪ˱
ǵȻ˲Ҳգٵ˻ˣܹȷһ𣿡
ܹ˲䱳һȻ񲻺ڲƭϾҲУ˲֪ҲͰˣܺ޲
ܹܣūĲ֪һұȥʱ͸оԳû͵ȥ֪ܹܼе˵ΡΡֵļȵС£߶߶˵˰ԼĲףڰ˵ˡ
ԺɵСģ׳㱳٣ûȻġˣȥæˡ
ܹܴһЦϽ뿪
Ⱥܹ뿪̨֮ϣֳһˣӣô׵ˣ
ûвףĺףµ֣·ΪʲôҪðŵҵķɱ꣬󻹾ǱӣʹٴҲôֱ顣Цŷ¼˵ⱳʲôһУǸѾˡ
ѲǺΰ
ΰ̰ĵߣǲģһεǴĺܣҶܱ֮Ǹõģֻ϶û˵ô򵥡
᲻ϴεĻӼѪԨ¼йأ㲻Ϊܱߵ˲ɶٵ𣿡
⣬ʼҵԶѧᰲ
֪ÿʱ򣬶ҪСģñŭ꼰
ʱ׼ȥ
һҹδ飬۲¼ı仯ֱ׷·ȥ
һ֣Ȼ;¹ʣǣ񣬵ǽȴѾĿ꣬ڣͨʹİ֮·еϰɨˡ
ΨһĲȷǸµģ֪̫࣬ǳǣֱӵ߸飬ԵŪ˸òڡ
һʮˣԼһһֵµ飬뿪Ժǰʱ䡣
ԭΪ½϶ĸԣ̲һͻ
ˣˣ
Ȼֻ˳Ϣĳƣ˳һҩȴӰó鲻̫泩Ҳܲϰߡ
̲סѯƣҲΪء
˳һѣ˵ͺˡ
סˣûΪʲô˺ȴҡ
ֹһ죬ųȥ̶ӵվվԺͬһ˳Ҳԡţ鷳Ķ
·㣬ڸѵǡһһ˾һһֱ֪ԳĻ죬˹ϵ仯϶Ͳ岻ˡ
ӴڸпأôûˣʱҪȥԺСסܵı˼öҪڿ졣
ڽʱͬգҪϷֱѡӡ
񲻸ģֱӿںŶ˵ˣæˣһ輧رԺպ㣬飬Ĳֺ϶ĳˡ
ͻȻЦһʲô֪ͱ˵óΪЦ
֪ʲô֪жϲҪǿˣ˵ЩЦĻˡ
²һ˰ˣ˳ɻ
ȴЦ¶ˣϾ¥˵ܰ輧ؼҵֻжһˣϾҪ˼輧ԼԸУôԸ˼ҶǴǹˡû뵽ҶԭŮͨԵģҲԣʼҪɼҵģո˻죬Ǻ¶˵أܣ
Ųһ㶣оȤȴ̲סۿ
ɨһۣתߡ
Ϊɹ˳飬أͻȻϥһʹˤһӣҽ˳ѵôãһصǰ
߳ţҪͱ˽ס
ԶոͣһסԽ
ԽͻˣҪȥȾ졣
鱾ܾ뵽飬֪˿϶лʹڲϢֻתǵߡ
һԽĳЦôˣɫôѿɱڵġ
һ㶣ûУֻǳǰһЩ鷳ˡ
ŶڱԺɣߣôں鷳ء
ò˵Խܻ˵ÿģҲûһ˾ԣͷĿԽ
ԽЦֻ֪̹ϵ輧رԺ飬Ҳ˵ˣоЩ˼飬ô£Ӧ֪ɣܲ洫ŵһԭġ
һ輧ѣҲֵۣҪ˵ĹƷ𣿡ͻȻͷ˵
ԭϰԵĳĬţԽֿʼİԣ̲סϡǰãһﻹȥ輧һ²ɫҪǮһ輧ȥ˼ҲʮźһȻһ輧ؼңѾ߶ܾˣһų׷ʣѵҳΪ
˲ԼԭˣֱӴԽڵĻҪ˵ҵȷ˵һЩһҺͱ綼ڽ¥Ǹ輧Ҳڽ¥Ϊ̸˴ͶԵ͵ظжѡ뿪ĺ磬֪淢顣
ԽգգۣȻתͷ䡣
ó˵ĺˣ͵ͷֱӱ˺ݺݵһ£һ飬ϾԴǼ֮󣬻ĴǺеģԽҲƺע⵽һ㣬ܾûͬ־ĴˣһͻȻһ£͸оԼĴȼⶼˡ
ԽͼԽǷˣרҺȵİɡ
䲻ԣоԽҲ硣
ȴͣƺȲ裬Ҳתһ㡣
ʵոԽɲǼ򵥵İԣȻͷڵɺϣԼ輧ͻأΪ˿йһֱɳݵôܲأԽովϰԵ̽ŪԼĴˣϣ˳Ȼ鶼ȫˣԽʲô˵ء
һ¥Ҿ¥Զ滨ףŨңʺϰСãÿ컹
һ£͵̳ӣҪ̳Сȸ̳Ȼȥɴߵġ
Խ̲סûСȣ
佫ҳŮôˣν
͹ɡ
죬׻û˵ϤġҪȢáһ໰
ԽѾʼܹǱ¼ĺˣʵܿóԽǹ͸¶Ϣģ͸¶ı֮ǰϸҲԴеı䶯ϵһֻһ֣رһ̵ˣȻ޶
ˣҺͻܿҲҪˡԽͻȻڵ
΢ĶԽ˫ۣϵƺ˵ʲô
δǵʦŶԽЦŵ
ٱȵеľƣ˱ѡģôֻһЧҡ
ԽЦŻһٱʱڻӦ
ĿɨһۣڻǾƱһ
һ£Ȼû˵ʲôԽ˸һ£ƺѹסʲôȻһںȸ˾Ʊеľơ
һ꣬Խ˵輧顣
ǴȥһͦȤ輧нߡпգһ𣿡Խ
ԭ˵輧ЩУߣʱоԣ佫Ȼܹҵ˽⣬ߣǱȻ¹壬ݲ򵥣ô䵽ﵱ輧ѵԽҪ輧нߵģ
Ҫʸϸ鿪ڵţǱߵǸ
Խͻ䶼ˣԽЦǳֿ졣ܼ𣿡
ʱһҲаɣҴȥԺ˵ţȻҪõСʹˡ
λ͹ٲ˼ոСȥһ£滨ʣҪ㿴ܼܲһЩ
䵹ҲûΪѵСҪ̳ҪˣҲ࣬Сл
ԽЦ˵滨ôƽʱʱʣܶء
СЦⲻǽһ˿ͣһ˺ܶ࣬ŪǴѵһε͹Ǽ¡
ҲǴ£㣬ԱߵҲͬϢƢõĳ
һȻԹۣСæܳȥ˿ͣóҲ뿪ͳţǾ
ҲֲõңƼˣǰʮ̳ԲŲġ
ʮ̳Ҫϯ𣿡
ǣҿ˾һӸأ˳һ˵ϲҪȣ˼Ҿʹһʮ̳
ҲƼˣͦģҺǴܳĳ࣬еζĺر𡣡
⻰һ˾Ͷס˽Ų俴ԽԽ飬ֻޱͻȻЩ飬ٴǰݷñԺ
ȥ㡣ԽѹǵЦݣһΨ²ҵӡ
øԽϻֱ¥
ԽŵСѯʮ̳˵ȥ򣬵Сһ£͵ǴŹȥˡ
ݣ֬ˮ۵꣬ŮĵطӸȥݣܳ
ԽЦ̵ǰųҪȥ
Ĭһ˲̶ӵվ
ŶҲȥ˲䡭·ȥһ˰ݣҪЩ֬ˮۣ䣬ҲҪôǲǣ
俴Խƴգ۾ҲֻܵͷӦ¡
˸ոݣַǷһţŮĽ˵ոλã࿡㣬ڳ£۶ݵ䣬ͬŮӿЦ
԰ֻҪλ˵ϲģȫˣļҵĹӸ磬ˬȡ
ò»򸾳Уͣ
ӦòǣŮӿصģһͨ٣ûء
Ľ
ԽԵĳɫѾȫˣѾ˵ӰЦѯʼλ˵ȥ
ԽĹӸѯʣŮӦ
һ˵ǹ˵Ҫ۽ԵĹӾ˵Ҫȥõ۽ԡ
лԽл꣬һȳ鶼һˣ˿׷ϣѾȲˡ


113 
һ·ȥȥ۽꣬µ꣬ε꣬׷˻ϷԺʳݣ춼ˣһ
ÿһطӼ˵̸˵ദܣһЩʶˣں͵͵˵תˣȻЯ飬żŮǼ龰̲סҪһǺҲ
ָĴ˵ߵ˵ѾŹؼˡ
ⱲӾûô۹ԭſ֣·ϵԽоԼҪˣֵܻǡģȻôط飬ƽʱһҲ𣿡
ȻûЦЩֲֻǴˡ
ԽüֻоڳϵϢţ֮ڵķΧ¡һԵĻ䶼оһԼԼɱ̲ס˿ȡ
߰ɣҪȥԺ𣿡黺
Ǹ̫ˣǾʹˣ˵ԽЦŻ͸ˡ
ҪȥǸ輧𣿡䲻ĿԽ
ԽϽŻҲٸȥСġԽ˵žһĨ䲱ӵơ
ץסԽ֣šüϹ˵ʲôأ
ûոյɫûܵϵɱԽŵǸȥʲôÿĻ棬պԲù
룬̲סԡǡ
ԽҡͷԵƲ˵ơ
˾͹ΪһԣЩԽܣҲ˵ʲôֻǿڵֵܲǶӦòŮʲôϸ𣬳ԼҲ֪дˣûɶġ
ԽεĿŻûйˣ㲻Щ֪ûκҲ᲻ˣΪ⣬ˡ
ˣ
ԽĿ֡ѾʧȥУУòӵһںˣκʱƫִռᳬһСͺһץסˣš
ôݵôšɻ
ǣֻ˵ĸӿš
Ҳţ෴ҵǾճһЩȫǱġ
Ϊ黹֪ԼҪôֻ֪ԼҪռаˡԽû뵽û뵽Ȼôһ죬¶䰡ȤȤҲãһ˴ҲΨһĲˡ
ӣ
ûϵҶˡԽЦŷ壬һڻ俴ĵطȴȻˣеĽ
Ľʲôֱ壬Խš
Խȴûٻش
Խͻ뿪󣬳Ͷȥ˱Ժ
Ժ͸Լһ˶ҲʮУһЩ˵ı͸оͬ
ʲôôôģ
үóԣүĸպãܸš
԰дˣС㶼³ġ
үǲҲ˵¹飬ֵģҲǵһμ¹ˣÿÿ
Ҫүã⼸մ粽ţ¹ﶼĵתءҪϲˡ
ԽӲ⼸û£Ѿôˣ
ڣæµãȥŲ࣬һתſڵĳ飬˲סЩȻǰ
ֿɲԺˣ;ϲˣҪȻҲʱʱ̵̿һ˵ǹϵãֵǶֿ˾ͿèˣԭһͷȣǺ͸оеõ˼ˡ
ΪˣȻø棬ο֪С˾ǲϲŮӵģϾôͨûѾĺˡԶ־үɾֲүıүء
ȢãôͲܸһءоүʵûҲǺͺģһ͵ĶҲͨ͸ŵ¶֮ôء
һȴȫͬˣүˣǰһּһŮˣүĿˣǰҹģֱܰԺƷϢ
Ͻȥд˼ңҪһ£ȫ˼輧ݵһ¶ϾܿһŮ˲ףǶνġָˣԺͿ˳ĳɼҵڽӴ
ȫ⼸նҵķΧУһͻأĿ飬־Щˣ֪λǸʲô˽ϣǺֵܣԳɼҵͺá
үãס𣿡ѯʵ
ͷ漴ԼԺУ
ԥһ£ǿڵǰնү¹ȥ棬Żá
⼸ദĲ鲻ʵ
Щȷ˼ֻӲͷƤӦǲģͷһ죬¹˾ģүԱ߸£һһ죬ĺɳˣڶյգ¹߶ˣү԰ӣ黭棬ǴܳڼĶ¹һ飬գ¹ʵҪˣү棬һѶ¹ÿɿˡ
ųԽԽ飬ҲˣҲ˵ѰɣǷ飬үҪ¹һ𣬸үҲҪ˵ģӵˡ
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˵ţڳæµ˵ˣ͸˻˵ѯʳҪʲôȻҪ³Ȼ˶׼ϲԵġ
ʾԣʵһ㶼ԣЩθ
ǵİԵ˵һӳģҲǹˣǲͦõģЩҲ˼ֱ¹֪֪ɻˣǸ¥費Ҫ
㣬ֻ͡
һЦѽ֪кû˵ףˣһԼɡպлᣬҲƿƿ
ɫѾѿˣ˵ɳƵ㣬ȥұˡ˵Ϳ첽뿪
Щµô̫˰
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ʱѾ޿̱ˣ˺ϣһָͷˣŮӹ飬һᣬֱҪˡ
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µԸܳŮӶ̫һûжֵ֣ģദȻ͸ִһ۰
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Уú氡ǵΧҿȤҽһҪӮ㡣ӣ˷ܵ
ޣԼͲΪ˸Ѿͷʱ䣬̻塣
ɨһۣһλãȻӮˣ˵ӣ׼ս
Ͻֹ𣬴С㣬ûˣұ棬澡ˣ𣿡
䣬ͻȻͱɫȻһ¾Ͱϣ飬飬һҪ˵ٱ鰡㲻ӷö䶼ˣ
һεҲûСܶɣ˵ΪıҶö࣬⼸æûʶ˾֪ˡ
ҲûпýŵĴ㣬ֻǸоĪĵִ飬˵żĺãٰҪĺøָﵽ
ȴգûкܶ⼸ղʲô㶼뵽ᵽ鶮ʲôʲôڻôô˵дҰ˵ԼŵÿĵģҺܲģ
զ淴ˣ
㲻СƢˣֻܺŵǸҲãǻͷһ棬һ顣
㡭ᣬҧֱۣʵ˵һԣ֮ǰϣ
Ѫզˣɲܳϣһδĺ󹬿ܾҪֱһˡ
ǣҶ˵ˣǱֵܣϵãզǱ롣
Ϊ˾ͺúƭֲɵ㲻ϲһһˣһʲôǣҲ԰ڰҲϲ鲻𣿡
ɵϣкõӡôιԹˣ
ô׵˵ϲ̫ˡҺãϵͳûʾʲô
ܸоٲؾҪ군ˣֻӲͷƤʵΪʲôϲ鳤಻˵ǣҲǿǷ㲻֪͵͵ĽĲŻǾǣܳûмġǻӰˣ󡭡
ͣͣͣ㿴ˣһ˵ĺã㶼ܳ˵ˡ
һ޹ϰˣǴ
ҾǲϲҸоǺˡǺˣãͲϲŮ𣿸Ҫϲһ𣿡ҧ´̲ס˵ԼһֱҪ˵Ļ
ԩǸϲŮûϵҸ㷢ģҸǴֵܹϵǳࡣ
ɫѿʲôһ
ʵ⼸յദ´ȶˣͬʱֺʧΪĶļһϲӣΪԾ޹ǨŭĳˣʵԳҲ˵ᡣ
ϣԼ͵ʱ䣬ܶĺã䲻飬׵Ѫȴֲ˼ֱӱԼ̬ȣϾûϣĸ顣
Լսˣϣ͸оԼܵĺܿЦˡ󷽷ĳϣǰ㣬Լܸ̹ȻһЩ
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ĴβϹһǻϵǳ顣
Ŷͷ󡭡ᡭ
˵Ѿͻ߳ˣᣬʲôᣬǱߣѵΪҹҹţԽ˼𣿡
ǲģҾǡпѱ磬ôֻͣΪǸûɣԼǰڲϣϰڴϱƽ״̬ȽУΪôþԾ͹ǱаˣͻӼʡȻǹ˻еϰߣԽͺ
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114 
һ±ƣϽסҪߵ£¶ۿˣҲǷӦ˰׹ѾͷʲôʱҲߺ
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һͼһں鷿Ҫ˵ʱһ̤鷿Ϳôһ档
һɲǵͼǶԺ;һҪΪֶ׷ıΪΪþԶֻôһ棬Ժ׷ʱ򣬾͸оôԡ
Ҫ⸱񻭺ãҲΪָ֪ԪȼӣǾҲڵĳˣ͵ˣϾʱûƬ
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115 
ڰڵĻ棬¿УҲҶ࿴˵鲻ϲ𣿲˵ǲһʲô
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116 
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Ϊһ˶ˣֱ˴رԺˡԴ˳Ҳͬģ⵹Ĳ٣Ҳͬ⣬Ǿ֤ĿǰӦòΣˣҲͬ˴ؼҡ
ɴŵ˲٣ԺȻ㹻չǣϴҩͯڣҲ⡣
ǱԺĿͷ٣óԼԺӣֱסˡ
Ȩ֮Ҳû취Ե̹ȻĸһŴϵʱҲ˵ʲô
ܸоԽԽûзˣһܲİɣ߼ʹ֪ҲνҲᵣߡ͵Ŷʲô
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ʱҲ֪ԭһֱɱ׷ɱɣһͼ׷£ǹ¹ԼȨɲż»ȥӰȫ
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ոճ·ƣԷĶڽ¥ƼȻô¡
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117 
ϣͰ˰ѻװã׼һЩɣµûˡȴĸ׽˹ȥ
ĸ׺˵˰죬ŷӦЦŰֵֻд˶ѣǻؼ֮Ҳ֪ûлĲ
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Ǳҵԧ׵ЦˣôܣҲ˵ֻµÿ˵ԭݣҲԲգδҪȢޣҲܴԭĵҰⲻǽ
ǰģȴ¶ݣȻǵһ䵽ףҲûֻͣĬϡ
ĸ׵Ժӻ˵Ҫɱҹ̸Ϊ鲻ˣϢ˯˯ܸо˱סƵģΪ̫ůҲûɶ˼
ͷŰַſеĿںģůůġ
һж˳¹ĲѾʼܿӵ¹ϲõģ̲סҪȻʲô˵ҪԼ˵ʱ򣬴ߡ
аʱˣǱ߶˯ѾʰˣӦġ
ǿ˯ڴϵӣ̲סҲ˴סзŻϢƬ̡
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һ˲䣬ͻȻһ֪۾ôˡ
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µͷοҵǾóҲԿһ
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ʲôʮʮææȥԭز
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ʮʮԭԼʮġ
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ޱһֱԹԵĸֱŤԴӴҰԺһζûѾûмˡ
ǲ֪Ůĵ벻ԼĸףĸԾԲڴӣۣҲеġ
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ô˵ֱʵ׵վһߵģȸңҺ
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һڲˮ簲Ϻϣ˵׻뷨еҲҪ˱Ȼ٣Ҫ˿϶ҲУưϺҲѶ
ֻܺ棬ԭаϺǲҲ顣
ʵݣ밲ϺĴ㣬ЩЦҪδľŮͦãֻϧԶܡ
ףһˣҲ˵ˣûˣѾû˿Ļ£λòҪ޾ܼ޵ģÿͬͬ⡣
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Ҳżһ£ҲǸһ棬ʶδ÷ԱԽ磬³š
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Ц˵
ô˻ᣬҪϸϺһ顣¸£һֱֻܴӶǱߵ֪һЩϢ
ҲԼһѪͳܻʵ۴һʲô鷳ʲô飬ڶС̵׻жꡣ
ϺıȴЩ΢ˣҲڻеķ룬Сʵ䷴Ҫ֪黢ĵ˭ܲлĳһ̻ʲô˼ء
ˣĪˣΪһˣһҲûʵܣԲ᣿
Щ鷳ˡ
ʱ˴˵Ѿˣ֮ǰȥ£һֱûڡϺɫ;ÿˣǽѰ˵˵
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㿴ɫת𣿡Ϻػ
ĵлүģ֮󣬵ȷࡣ
ʵ˲Чһֱڳ̾Ҫʮֵҩֻδս񻯣ԼҪ֣ȴʦֲС
ҾͷˣͷռһЩҩﻹʲôҪģҶáϺ˵价һȦĿǽϵǸͣһ˲Ǻܿƿ


118 
ǵأҪʲôҪʲôܴáľܾ
ĸף治Ҹոսʱ͸о£ʣĺʺĸףҲҪסһʱ䣬Ժ𣿡ޱͻȻڵ׽ƺͺá
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ޱЩŵĿû뵽Ȼôֱ׵ľܾȫˣǲܻӭˡޱ˲ۣð
ĺޱڵҪȻҹһסѡʵԺӣòӡ
ȴƺʲôûпڡ
ޱɫ˰ףû뵽Ǹ֮һԴֻס죿һԺӣ⡭
㡣ȴǾܾҺͳҪ빬ˣûտδŮӣﲻã˵л
û˵һȫ֮ܳΪɵɣޱֱվסͲסΪϡǲҵˣҲǵˡ˵Ϳܳȥˡ
ϺüĵҲŮôôԴ
ûпڣɰϺ˵һ䣬뿪ˡ
ʵȷйǣޱŮûǸһģһֱҲ¡ޱԣǰ֮󣬽ǱʱͶϵǣǴͳ빬һЩ
ЩȻΪǺãԱܣ˲ԣޱ֪ˣδܱסܣϾҪںסš
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˵һ䲻ԼʹŮǲηκˣСŮͬҲΪޱǲŲġ
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ɲԼ˹Ҫļ顣
Ǳûޱ飬ת׼ȥʰȴס
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⵹еƵζˣĿŹͼ֪Ҳϲ֮Ͼ¹õĶ࣬󲿷ֵﶼƷǰġ
ڵˣĸףͼ㣬Ҳµġ
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ЦŵģҲǻбôҲ¡
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Ҳһֱ𣿱ŪҸСƵĺô˵Ҳ硣˵Σֻܼæϵ
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źƺƵĶȥʱǼѣʹûȥء
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￴ȥԽӴѹȸоͿʼǿòͷȥ·𶼱ˡ
ֱʹĵһųǰſڼʮ˽ɫϣ·žܸһᾫ˸оҪһƵġ
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ȴĪģϾСסĵطҲ֮һȴһССݣѾ̤ש档
ϴΣȥʱ򣬻µ̫ӵԪȼǻѪ־űʤ˵Σڿ֮ϣҲǿͬ͵ϻĻµЦݡ
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˵ţѾſڣΪǹͣԽм򵥵̲飬ͿԷǽȥȵڶŲŻ³С
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˳壬ͯ⣬˶ǻĻгѧӡҲˣЩԭǸŸø˻죬Աϲûʲô仯죬̫ѧʱ򣬸Ҿ͹۲˭ȽϺɰͿʼ£ж
ֺޱģԼְ·ʼδġ
ҶͬټҲϤ˴˴коɳһûкɫͯһİȫǡȺ˹ЦŸ˵һЩעΪ䳤ԭ򳣳빬˵ǷǳϤˡ
빬Ҫ̫Ǽһ飬˾ֱǽҪסĲݡ
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ڸó֮Ϊܹˡ
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˻ʹסȻһ䣬һһԺӣҲ൱ĺáͬһӵİȻסڵλãֱǳ飬ֱ߾󡣵ʰ֮ǾҪȥǶĵطĵ
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Ҷ̫ãܿ߾ƣǻϸ˿ľٶΧ˲š
ͻȻϿڵ仯ܴڵǸмƣüۣСʱ㣬ǿ̬Ӧûлϲ
лҲ֪˵ʲôıˣֳѾȥӣһôĿǣսթۿܶмġ
ϵҲûж˵ʲôʹ;ˡ
һʵǰһѣԭĸﳼ֮ңϸ̬΢ԣڻʹױץסѱһݺڻֻỳǾͶˣٱ˲ᴥùͷȥҵ鹥
ΪԼһͬʱΪѾǰĳ
ֻۣ£һһȱ
Ϻݼϣ꣡


119 
Ѿȥķ֮һһʱ䣬ͻʧԪȼͻ
ҲֻһʱԼĴҵǵԭнʱĵΪľ䡣
壬ҹ͢塣
ܶ飬ڽʹ֮ǰʵѾ֣ÿһǳΣգ˵һ֮Ԩڼ䣬
ԾɳɹˡֻΪĴԽܶ鶼˱䶯δԭĵľͲһǺˣʵʱϵͳԽǰ磬һȡԼĻᣬֻһϷǡҪıʲô
ЩںߣǰߵĲ²Щ̫ˣѪ˵NPCƵġ߸ζ
˿̳ؾصĹڵϣ޿ޣԼҲ̹Ȼ֮Ա߿ŵȴŵֶˡ
аУò޵ģ빬ʱͱŮ͵һҲ⾪̾ڳֵ뵽ǰ˹ĿԪȼ
ϳ˫ʱϲɵһ£Ȼ˫ûɱ⣬ԾûĪĲһ£һݵĸоӲһ˿ϲܾԵĹϵҲδ׷
Ļӡ
£΢ֻǾı֡
ϵͷڳ滹ΪģһμϾͲΡΡĳ˵ġ
ΪĻӵ飬עһ³飬¡
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˼䣬ǰѿѧʽŪˡ
̫·ٸ˽ĵĻԼԱܡ
һ첻ϿΣ·ֻǲһ˻ȥ˼ڶٽΡ
̫ӣӣÿ綼һʱȥڸĵ˽֮еֻСС͵Ļӡ
ĻӼͱĵǸǰոΪڣţһֱСһЦˣڵȵˣߣȥĸȻǾˡ
ȻСӣ档
ҪĻǰѩһС̫ǰס׼뿪İ˵ǰչأôŰϤʹĲ֣ǴŴ·ϾʹôһСľͻ·һ˲ôĵطɾ鷳ˡ
ܹܣ
Ļһܹ־̲ס¶ӣϽֵŪˣֱȥѩңҵǰ˵꣬ʹԼ̫ˡ
һСӱܺµ̫࣬ǰ޹˺ߡǻӣһԱߵ̲סѵʹǵľܹܣҪֻūš
˽ǰ׼뿪ȴ
֮ǰΪʲôСìܣ̲ס̫ӵ»ǸϽ߰ɣñܹܿҪץסʲôѱһϱʷ
Ԫ˲߳ŭŴŭԪ˸ң
αضŭأǺ̫Ӹ硣ֱһֻ̫Ӹ绹Ǳˣֱʱֵ˾޷һˡ
ԪϵŭڶѻԾǿԼˣֻǰάλ¶̫ӵǲ̫ˣȻ˵
ԪǱƼҲ˵£Ϊ̫εĴڡӣõӺӹ֮ԪҲŪﻢ£̵ֻܷȻˣǰжıдֻ̣û£Ȼе񡣡
⻰һӺɫˣ¶ɲ˵˲䱻̼ĳͻ֮䣬ȻԪˤһӡ
һ˶ⰲԪߵ˾Ϳʼ󺰴С
ʱһԿֵѾˣ⣬⣡ûг飬еκһδ̳лλҷչôһԱȣǰõļ̳˸Ūûˣû̲ۡסͷ˿Խͻ䣬˽ɫ΢Ŀˡ
ͺԶΪȺЧе볯ãϣǻɽˮ䡣Խϳ˳飬ⱲӶ̤ʹˡ
ܿ죬Խ߾תƵ˳ߣοأ΢΢һ㶣ЦЦ˼ɵĳ¶ĵ顣
һЦתͷ飬ĿĮĿǰ־磬ܿ߾Ͷݵ˴ſڡ
ʱС̫ະܹܵһɺװƸ߼̫ε˳ĵſڡ
վڽʱĿȥԭռҪϷݣһĳ¹١
֪ǲãоܹվǱߵʱΧĿġ
ȻҲͬȻѾʮòȴһ̫಻֥ͬˣµ٣ڹ˺Ϊ֮ⳤҪϷݰ
̫ӵôˣһǵĽлУ·ôƵĿ첽
ԪǿûкƢֱ˦֣ԼվҲûţһ¹ٸеְҵأסʹڵǡ
˭ˤ˵£ȺūôźģԼ𣿾Ȼľͷ׮һվһɵˤҪǸȥ췣Ԫվȣ˲޵üһᣬΧ̫඼ɪɪ
ȴо⻰ͬԱаһˡ
ڴܳǿǰְڻǰҲԳ΢ûɱָ̫űѵ𷣣һʹʲôİҲֱ֨һָɣ
ּ䲻СŪġӲ£ֱǰ
ҲǰǲãǺһ£ǰ̫Ӹ硣
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תͷĴӺǷ־ˣһÿ˶չ˵λģˮ©
ҲΪ˭ƫĵӣ޿κΣϾ̫޷ģڻϵġ
ӺҲ̫˼ѲˣֱӾҪ뿪
ԪȴͻȻǸողҪҵǸôˣǾˣҲֵܼƽϡ
⻰һʱôӺۣݺݵĿԪǣҲòСȦףһһǸȻͷҲصˡ
ԪǳһҲֳţóúøϻʹͦصˡ
ûܰǣȥĵ˼
ܹߵԽͻǰ·δ˴кԽͻʱ鵹΢ͬǺ£һ
λūǸˣλͨˣҪΪܳԼĲˡЦ˵
ҪڣԽЦСţܹܣǳˣӦ֪ҵⲻǡ
ЦӾ͸ñһƣҪȻ̫ԣǻߴ·ġ
ɫ˲ͱˣǵһμɫôѿ
ǻлʵҲˣƻ䱻òᣬǰڱ˴֮΢ĩϵԲÿڷ
ԽЦݲ䣬ͺá
˴գ˶
Ҳû˵ãͿһԵİ
Ϊҽһ£û뵽еİȻһһ˳
ͳվ䣬Ե˵֮󣬾Ϳ
λּҶү𣿲֪ɺã
пûмܹȴʶȻǰ硣лܹܹģĸȶ
ˣǰū˵ڻɵĹǳãūŻȥһֹۣӵĻһеûʦҲδˮ׼
Ѿʼð亹ˡϽǫ˵䣬оѾܹܵĺˡ
Ҫ˵Һ˲٣ܹܾеĴ˵һû˶ǺȻ͵͵ˡ
ԭУҪ˵ݶֻܹܺͷһϸ¡
ԭдļܹ飬оӡľһһле㱳Ĺһ䣬Ͱ˼ҵһ˫ճŮץߣҩƣֱȥ³ĹҵǵʱѾӿ٣ǰ;٣ɨءȴץܹܵһѱ˽ӻؼ֮ӷˣŮԾһҲòǹԶ뾩ǡ
Ҷ֪ܹµ֣ȴû˿Ƶס˭ǻĸء
һ㶼뱻˶ϡ
ʵԭܹǲԪȼģһǹһ֮֮ϵӣ֮ԱԭᵽΨһ˸սʬǶûһǵĻΪҵһͺԪȼͶЧ˻ʵۡ
ȵҲ֪Ԫȼ֮ҲûΪԼڣԪȼûбԩֻ֪ΨһûбԪȼŴԪȼҲûŻ
ҲûĥֻǸһƣԼ˵ߣĵõһˡ
һܹӦǶˣΪԪȼ񣬶ܹܿӦǻķǳãõĳ˸еˮ׼ΪܹܵǶԪȼĳΪ
˵ǻس̵ʱ鷳ˣ𣿡ܹܱе
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ܹڷŹתͷһˣӡ
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΢ı֡ǫ˵
ˣǰ˶һ飬ʹϹˡ
ʱͳ
̲סǲǱˣ
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ûµģҲģֻҪûȷʾʲôͲĶԸ㡣
ŲµʲôϾܹ޹ϲҶԸֻͨһЩĿԺһҪУ
ЦȻҿûôɵ
˵ţǰͻȻһ˿ѯʵ·Ϊʲôȥʲôط
⻰һǰ·ܹͣͷʵˣһɱŵʻһٶ£Χ֪ҲϽ졣
Ŀȥֻһһɫʯ·Աߵľήˣ·û˽λòȴɭɭ䲻е乬е
ĿţԵĳȴһ¡
ȥֻĿſգѵõȻܿǵȻ޹صı顣
طʱһ롣


120 
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ܹȴͻȻЦ˵ʵĺãҪ⡣
漴ͼָܹŰŵķ̫סĶ
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ô˵һ˶Ȼˡ
ʳ˺޲õԼˡ
һĵطܹЦŻɲū˵ģģڵ̫ӳ֮סĹȫ棬һһٶʮˣ̫ӶԩǱȻʹκһ乬˶Ҫ࣬Ϊ˴ҵİȫﻹǲҪ㴳ĺãñԹƣԹţʱǻҪġ
϶ֿ־֮ɫ˺󼸲޲ǿֲİԶԶġ
֪ʲô񲻿£µѾΪʹеĽأ˵ʲôһͻᱻϸԪȼйصͷκʵԵ£֮ȴľͲ֪Ǻʱˡ
˶ԪȼĿ־Ѿ޷ĳ̶ȣǱϴһԪȼͬߡ
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ܺ߷οˣ޻˵ˣΪʹĻǳ飬ϾԭеȷдһΣ빬ʱ𵴣ȴʲô̫ķӦԼ̲ס
Щ̲סץ֣˾ԼڸڰοץԼֶˣϽ˶ָóɿ
ȴûȫɿһֱססǽյֻ֣ǸоǱֵվĽˡ
άǣֵƣȻ֪Ĺʹ
Ҫɢʱŷֲ֪ʱ˵Ѿɿˣһ·ҲûоҲˣǵ鶼ǰһǣŰɡ
߰ɣȥѩкǵ󳣳빬ȻǸϤ⹬ڵĲ֣ܿҵݾǰѩ
÷ΪϴεĻ¼ڻǰ˲ңõһʱר裬ѾΪ÷ˣһʱ乬ɼҪâֻҲòҪѳĵһֱ£òס̫ڶҲʮ⡣
˽ȥȵ߽ʱȴŵλĺ
Ļ˵һλȻ÷ˣ൹мϤһӦĻӵĸ͵ȻıȴزסеĳǸǰ˲ҪڸԼĳǸǡ
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ǳ鴤һʼڶǵʱô˵أ⻰Ծ̽ˡ
²أͻȻԺжһ
ڶ񼯣1ͶЧĻӵ
񡭡һ£֪ôɵı׼ܲǿͷ˵Ͷˣİɡ
ļƻȷǼͶĻӵδĻӵˣȻתԸĻһֻʱѾΪĻӵĸˣʮַ㡣
ĻףϲǣԽΪϴε飬ԳΪͣô˵ͶЧĻӵҪԵĶͱ÷ةࡣ
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Ҫ빥ǣԲһͿԵģԭе趨ĿĵģһǻչıԣȱһɣûıԾͻᱻĵūţֻıԲǾǲòĶֻ߼汸ܳΪĻһıʿ
÷̽ȻҲǵӡûֱӿڵֵܶʱû볯ãԿƾҲȤĵһոպá
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÷Ҳһ£ҲΪǧټƵڹĻӾΪͶЧɣһǸǻ̬ȣ¹᲻ţ̬Ҫġ
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ΪģȻء
÷Ҳģ˰죬ûˣ
÷ɫҪŤˣӻȤĺܡ
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ȵ˻صĲݳԺ֮󣬳ſڵոڴѩ˶ǣ˵ʲôᱻ÷ĶС
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һ㶣ƺץסʲôܽ᲻
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һ˲ףƾ͸˶ԴԽͻһÿ˶Ҫ£ǣء÷ةӵȴͶЧͻתΪͶЧЧȫͬģϾԼõĲõġ
ǻѸٵĽĻӵȨģҪϾûôõʱȴĻӵļ飬ҪץסǵȨս
ʵ÷ة˸ЧΪǵԤ裬ǵжϡ
ǵãԭõĲһУı˼˵˺¼յĿץס÷ةģչҳϺǻۡ
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㲻˵ѡ˭ѡ˭Զվͳһս𣿡
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Цԣ֪һ˳ҵĻ˵ֻǻֳһңⷴ÷㼴ʹڲ֪Ҳ˳ҵ˼ߣԺ÷ͻ֪֮ȨңͲᵥΪ̽㡣
صĹ˧ȴ̲ס²۵ǳʱҲͲ㱩¶𣿡
һ㶣˵Ǳ˼ӵʱ򣿡
ĵͷʳΪʲôͶЧĻĻˡ
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ͬʱة˳̽÷
÷أף˸ͶЧǵġ
ô˵ѾֻΪһͷ޴־ĪǿۣľõСѣ
ԭҲΪǣҶһȥǣ˽»᲻˵ʲô
ة΢΢üٿ֤һ㣬ǸггǸ֪ǽжҪո빬ľҲ붷вţôܴñ˷ء


121 
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İΪԼӳıλûԵˣĻС˲Ծȫ̻ˮ㡣÷ҪĿɲİĿǰĻ̫һˣСС;Ϳ޾ǹ溢ͯ÷⼸Խˬˣة취
ԽΣεˮϵǶྫͨʵԵĹߣٵöԭ
鹦Σûһһ˵˵
Ԫǻù˵һȻǴӾͱȽϼˣ°ͯһ䣬飬Իϵĳ飬ɲҰӦԣֱֻܺòͷˣ롣
ֵӵʱ˵һˮΪȹ߶ҪԣһԪǲ£ȵʱֿڵʣˮȤ뵽һЩķ
Ŷ㻹
Ҳ˵Խ̰æһ뷨ԣ븸ʱЦ
ܻ˼ͺܺˣԽ㿴ӵͼֽ
Խǰӹͼֽϸ˿
˶ԪǺʹӶˬĿӣޱȼֺûϣǲŲӶʲôˮء
ţȷЩطֵýһ˼ͼָˮڵļд⣬µܺãһ¡Խ˼Ƭ̣ͷ˿϶ۡ
һ²ڳ˾ȲѣҲЩţǻ˶Ѿ㲻ˣȻΪϲôᶮЩղǸոտ𣿡
ǰʱһλἰ£ҿΪյӣȥͲĵ伮Խ̴Ӷ෽ǶȽ⣬Щ뷨ѧǳȻûдĶ࣬øʼЦˡ
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ĲֵͣҪѧϰеʱҪ鱾ڵķΧ˼һЩҴС½ǹ£ǶҪŬ˼ǽǹңǹضġ
һ˲ͷɣնʼ
ܻ˾ϲû뵽ˮ̲סԪǣӲԸϾͬһ϶ӺɫԼȴ̾Ϣô̼ܲһء
ӮһΣô˵Ϳڵƽʱ˼ҲǿԵġ
˲òᣬǻڣҲ˵̫
̫ԪȻҲ⿴ͷһµȷֲƽʱССĽϾˣһӵͻĲǣҸԸΪʵ۷ǣĹʱ£Ϊһӱ̫ȱ־ʮƣϻĬƣԪиоܵѹ
ͻȻֽ춯ԪǵעĿһֻĵİǸļƯĳΪķ飬ָôش
С𲻳Ҳ΢شһ㣬ȻõνָҲ޿ɺǡ
ҪջߣͻȻע⵽ĵϾȻҲֹ˼ˮĲݸͼԱ߻д˺ܶණԪ΢΢۾
ȵϺĻӻشʱΪţĻӻشҲһϵȷ׵ĻӸӿһЩĻ˵ͽŵĿŻϣССԲ˰ӡ
ţ˵Ŀҵ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬ԺҪŬС
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ĻȻңԽЦֱϵˮͼ
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Ԫ̲ס壬ôˣԪʻͼֽʲô𣿡
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ϾͰͼֽԽ⣬ԽֱӽͼֵֽƽϣĽһԼи̾УֻҪͨʵپȷһֵǹȵһֹͶ
˵ԽͰˣ㷲⡭ʵνǴ䣡
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һӵķͷȫҲûոССĸƻϾӵͼֽеϡ˼ǴҶ뵽ĸֻ֮һɫˣʵʻǱ˵ģĻڲͬˣȫµ룬ֱˮĸ֮·ɵ롣
˶̾ѣȻĻ˴󹦡
ӵһըëˣԲģ
˻һȫʵлֻǲ˵ĻҲþִ
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һϯֱվƸߵָĻӣĻӾǱة˸ҫˣΪ˸ĻӺϧҴȺõİ취ҲбŻ˽˲ŵɡ
ʮϷеģȻ˵꣬ϾͱӵĿĻӡ
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ĻıŵˣᶼʼۿдתҲ֪ô˵ͼȷģǰ취㲻أ
Ļ֣ϵɫ˲ˮͬԽ˵츣ǵȷĹͣĹͱѻһʮСϣ÷ةǴ̫ˣҲİɵӿûϷǳá
˵˵ֱתĻ
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ȿڵϣͼոյȷĵ»ģ΢
΢֮ǰȷŵĲݵˮʱʹǺЩ⣬ҲǲģֻܺҲ²⣬΢ͼֽ취ȷǵһġ鿪ڵ
Ҳһ䣬ºö棬ҲˣʲôҲǲܡ
ҲҪŷ۾֮𣿡ӷӦݣֱŭʣҿЩǲйġߣôʲô֪˵ġ
ɫҪĻֱӸŹ˸ǰʣʣ㲻ҪǣһֱԶܺã⻭һģû˵ѣЩ취ȷҲ뵽ģǳʱСʡ
Ļӿ޵ģԪԹۣӱԤǰ˵ʲôȴԥˡ
Խɨ˳һۣЩ֪òǰĻ˵ʵγ̣ȥջĶǳ飬ųһҪЩʲôĻӵͼֽóʱԽӦǳҪΪĻӻȡ
һǲˣͼֽ˵ʵ˭ĻǴС֮ƵԪȼпʮʱɳ飬ͺΥͣһСľͱץסѱ۾֮ȥĻӻã˵֪Щ˿ɾ鷳ˡ
Խǰһȴע⵽ֹ񣬶ʱͣס˽Ų
ʱӱQĸˣ·ҪԼߵƵġ
ʱſڴţǸóˮĹˡ
ûĻӵˣɿͼֽ
ϸһʱֶڶݺ°ˮܸɱȻ츣Ҵ֮ң֪λ֣֮¹Ҫϸ̽һ¡ѲǡԽ
ԽϽֱʾԼ
ɾͲˣڳ֮л˭Խпܻͼ
ģøô˵𣿡˵
ɴû뵽ͼֽȻĻģ;ò˼顣
˵ţͻȻſڴ÷ˡ
ϼЦһǴˡֱʵôˣ
λ͵ĵģ·˻òƻĵйأΪĵµĸףйܽʧְ֮𷣡÷£һ
һǼʶĳˣı飬ȷܼ˵ı۰
ֻϧڹؼϲô׵ı˺Ƶġ
ߣҿ֪ʲôֲİɣ֪ʲôߡʲô𣿡
÷ʵѾ֪ˣֻǲ˵檲֪¸֪
ģԼ˵ŭ
Ļ˵÷ߣ޿˵˳÷۵ͬʱҲĺݣ˵ѣȥ㸸ʵǸ
ǡǶû˵ѰһġĻԭǺ»ϣһίˡ
÷òУ˽ϵƢϵǸеþȣϴŻû񣬶Ŀ϶⼸ĿɨˣѾʼǵģĻѣûҲһһĳ£һŹˡ
ʱͻȻͷ£΢ȷĻӻġ
΢ҲԵҲſͷ
ʼĩʱҲòϴҵĲˡ
̧ͷ˲䣬ɨԽ
ԽյϢ䷴Ӧ£˵û˼罻΢鵽˭˵˻ѡ


122 
ϱǰŪͷԽ͵ã飬޵Ҫϣ˭˵ѡ
ԭֱл»Сؼʱ̣÷סĻӣֻԽ¾δô˳ˡԽһ˵鰸Ͱ߶ȶȥˣĻӵǣ±ز٣÷Ķˡ
Աߵ̬вͬ
ԪԹۣЩ˵ùˣոһԼˣ΢΢üһеͬ⵹ùܵܣҪҲôĻһɵ˻ǳ²࣬ĻӲӦǱˡ
ʹһеӴ˿ڳһԽʳǸԼҫԼģҲĸϾ÷λʥ裬Ŀڲ˳ξǽѵˡ
ԽʥּЦŵʵܼ򵥣Ļֳٻһ飬Ըǽһ飬ﻹڣʲô뷨ҲѯĻ֧֧𲻳ǱȻԼİ취
ϵͷҲЧİ취̧ͷĻӡ
ʱĻӲŴĸЩĿˡ
ԱߵĳʱǰĻӵļĵ²Ҫţ΢㣬ֻҪƽʱһɣ㲻ǳˮܺ棬Ȥ𣿾͵ߣ̫ࡣ
Ҳڵĵ£΢Ҳ㡣ֻҪ֤ˣԺĵ²ۻͼ˶㻳ˡ
ɻĿͳ飬˵ĻӣĿģܸоһµ̫ǵΪ
ΪĹ裬ĻӾȻͨʱദʵĻѾʮˣҲĺãһǸĻӵﰵʾ÷İοҪá
÷ЩȵĿǣͬʱҲںɣôƶѵĲڲƭĻӣǡ÷Щȷˡ
ĻίίҲһİΪʲôңԼģΪʲôҪԼػһ֤ʲôί
һЦ˵Ҳȫţǵµ̫СǡӵͻͼҾͲ̫ȣȵ³˾ͺˡ
˻һͬƽһףʱ˺ü˵ģӷ·˲ȡ
ͻȻӿڵⲻƽͬǻͼ׼ƣôĵܱˣȴҪʣΪֵǵĺгҾҲҪԣĵܲƽ
ɫ䣬ӵ磬˵ʲô޹ذɣҿɻôġ
޹أողǱQ𣿡ӳôϾˣ
ǿװ򶨵飿ô飬ĪҪƫĵܣҳתߣʱ䣬øĵǺŪҵĻɡ
ɫ˵㣬ֻһȻҲ׵ģǾĵһܼ飬ҲûʲôµģպܸһڸǰıһΡ
㣡
ԪĪԪ˸˵ĺеõʱ˵л㻹ǸԪһ֤װɡԪǱĵܵˣȻǱҲ̫⻭ӻģʵҲһʼĬıʿæġ
ıʿΪԼש߱ĬϵϷ򣬵ΪĻŪĶ̫󣬿˵һˣȫ˵ΧͺһδͻȻָ֣ⲻǰѴҵɵ
׷һ仰Ļӵͼֻֽһ۵ŵ˵˭ֻ׷ͼԴ˭أ⡣
ԪǼϴ嵶һӾͰƵ˷˼⣬Ļˣ»Ҳ
ȻϿڣԽֱӿڵҲǲУӵݸ壬ҺҲͦȤҪоһ££㿴أ
٣յõһ䡰ԡ
ǰһڣǺܿǿԼлᣬԻһ㣬ĻȽܼ飬ֻҪĻŭ˻ϣȻǣ࣬ʱҲ͹˲ˡ
ӻΨһϣĻһصԼλϿʼͼ
ʱǶһ
誾վߣ̧ͷĿһۣע⵽ˣһЦƺѾ˵ʲô
ɫѿòУݺݵĵ
վԱߵĳͻȻһ£ֱӻһվλ赲誵ߡ
ɻĿų飬бһۣȻڹոţǰϳ̨ʸ˵ģȴһ˵ˡ
ҲˣֻǸոնԻ˳ǱߣòٳϽЦǸ
ȴһѵֻһ˵þͿҺúӺԪת˳ֵҪȻ֮һᱻϡ
ȻϣԼ˵Լİ취ʲôҲԼе
һĹĻӷ±ʣԾίĿŻϡ
Աһֱ͵飬вһһ붼ûлѾͷˡ
Խǰ飬Χ˶ס˺ŵĵȴϢ
һɺԽӵͷԽͷŻϵϣ²
΢΢һ㶣ͷǼ
²ĻӼͼϾԭͼıʼǲ⡣
Խɽʣ룬ڳ˵ı鶼Ϊһ£Ŀࡣ
Ļ˵ʮЩطҪͼһҲʮɣ²ˮ˶ȷһ顣
ĻĶˮеԭԼ׻ʲôΪʲôԼĸá
ĻҲ뷨
Ժ𵴡
ֱԽżĽĻֵһתĴ𸴡
ʱϸҲҪˣĻӵ񼸺ˡ
ûʲôԼĶŪһд˶ŪĳɾͶԺ͹ٵ顣
úӣ
÷ˣϽĻһѣĻԥŻͷ˳һۣ˵ͷʾ£ηĸʡһͱϱž
޵Ķӣĺãķǳãĸˣ˳̶ȳҵ󣬱ĻӾĻĻС߸ʣʱ뷨ˣ
Ļӻе£૵ȥҰʱ򣬿Ĳˮͦģ͸һ棬Ȼ̽ԭʵҲû̫ϹһЩ뷨ǾȤͰ棬Ȼ󡭡
ʵĻҲ֪ôͱˡ
ʱٶæͣҲˡ
ڳ˵Уֻǵ׺Ҫ뷨жĻӣûĻӴ̫ǿʵĻһ뵽ġ
ԽʱæƵҴܣ¸үŽĻӣæҴ
һٴĻӳΪͯķգϾĻӲٴһ漣Ӳŷױ۵һĹֻͣûϾԼĶиΪӱӺܺá
һ㹻Ĵ֧һ㣬Ҳ̫֡ǽһ˻ϣһĻӡ
ϹȻ˵ʮ⣬ЦźĻӵʶиִдΪ
Ļ⻰̲סʣ㲻ͷҺҵİ𣿡
ͷ޻ҪصʹǣǶдͣҲԸոԩŪ޶ӸеΣΪǲǸģֱ˵һʹͣΪǻӺͰݣʱҲʹͲ˹λλֻڽ鱦޳еֲˡ
ЩһսͻϵĶмֵĻԶҲʹһ²˵ĵط֮󣬻˭ΪǲСأ
÷õԴԴϵʹ͡
ǰлһƬϲ
ֻһȴƸǶˣɫŵĿӣһҲ޷ǰæֻԼա
Ȼ߿ӣڽŵһͼ޷Ƴ
ʱˡ
ԪǺʹû뵽Ļӻ㷭ôһƯķ̣жµûţȴֲòǰϲϾôģҲ޷ɨˡ
ǿɲõԪǣ·𿴵Ԫȼÿÿ佱ĳҲܳ䲻˾ϲ֮ʵ
һ˵ĻӵķͷȫǹǼˣֻĻӻռһСıˣû𼵺ޡ
ֻؿڵĶҪתӣոôһ£ֱӽҲˣܺùڻǴζĻһȺ֮ͣЧ֪Ҫءо˷۱
ʣǲǸÿˣոտһֱĵġϴֱ侮ʯ
ԪҲڵǰ׼Ҳˣôͼûлţ
һ£Ѿ£ͫˣ΢壬ٿֻһ뻹ĲզͼֽϵѾˡ


123 
ô˵
ǱĵˣԵһѾŲ·ˡ
΢΢۾谮һʧˣԥҪҪֱӴʱԽֱӿڵҲûϵֱʰɣ´óҲС
⻰ڰӽΧʵֱն˻ϿƫĵĲֱӰƵ̨ϡ
Ҳûоֱܾӵ˵ͷ
ԽʾһҲЩţһԭͼУԼһ飬ֻʵĸϸһ㡭
һյĹӿŹĵͥԺУԱߵ˼㣬㲻ϣ˲˵ʱ
誺һŹ򣬵˹ƻӵ򣬱شʮ壬˻̧˻ʹݡ
ϴĻӺ÷ߵʱûпһۣյĳûһˡ
ȴͳ뿪ʱĶǡ
ѾӦˣˮĲݽһ죬ܾˡ
׼ˮݸ誣ʱԽ˵´ϿεˮȻĲݿˮתԱͿһĸֽһԼˮоŪһĲݸϽһΪӻûϵĺøУӱǳ
ʱǲ֪ϻֻŽԽԽõȻ߻ϣϾԽƫκˣֻúý顣
뷨飬һ뵽Լһ֦Ȼϲͽȥ졣
Ϊ˽ȻҪȫѧԼṩĲݸ壬ҲӦ𣬵ȴ͵ֻ˱湦򣬱һЩԭһھͲơ
Ȱ˵޹ҲͷˣԼóĲݸʵǶĶԽֶһܿҪѯӣܲΪ֤ӵǲĻɡ
û뵽ˡʵʱ誾оҪֹӣӼǰ˱ֵһ㣬ȲҪԼԽǣԸ誵ĵǣͻ԰
鼱תֱ誸ԿֻĿԼһܡ
ͬ׼ͼֽ˻棬Լոһյӱ֮ԣԶ϶һжĻӵйء
һӣȴȥ˿ϵնԼˣˡ
һߣǶصĲݡ
ηͷС䳰ȷʵ˵ɣʲôͼֽʵǰĻŪİɡ
ͯ·Ҳͣס˽Ųǡ
ĻӶ֤Լˣ㻹ţԭôǰϰӦͣסŲͺǣֻϧ£Լȥˡͷһҹ׷Ҹ׵ְλˡϺҲְڹˮ˵ǹĹ
ͯһ˭˵ˣ˵λأ
˭أͬɵãȥˣϾǿɲ֮ҡ
ǲͬģǿԼ壬Ĺ㹻볯ˣЩǱҪΧһӶģ˵
ֻǳͯĲ죬̲סҪͻ̫ʥּʹˣĲݵ˶ۺĿһһʹ˵ڡ
ͯҲȥˣȥԼӡ
ų鿪ĵĿʹͣЩȻڿڵЩҲã߰ɣ֪Ҹ޹أǵĹ͡
ԲԣεǻʹģҸոҲάĻˣ֮ǰоˮʱ㲻Ҳæ𣿡
ϾֻǱ棬˽ȫͬ𣿡
鿴ڿڵʲô
һжľ֣ҪøˮΪĻıȡϵĳ谮Ļһı
ϵû
һѯʵ֪Ҫ
̽ˡ
Ļģ
ܼ򵥣ǱĬĽ̵˼ĶˣˣȻҲΪЩĶԼ뵽ģĻⷽȷе츳ģƻҲɲˡ
أ
ǵȷһյ˳飬ĻӵΪԵ̫⣬誱ͯ嶼ȥˡ
˶ɵˣʱ㣬龹ȻûͿʼıһˣȻһֱ֪ܴ˳ᢵĳǸһʵʶǸʰ·硣
ͶĻˡ̾
ȻͬΪĻӵİȻҪΪδǡ黺֣һε鲢㣬֪˶ˣȷá
ҡͷЦҿɲСˣǵıҲҵģⲢʲô¶ǹͬΪĻӾͶˡ
ò̾Ϊ˴̲ס˵ոһӣһ
εĿüǾ취ˣһСĿܾͺĻӣһĻţҪôճⲻǰ𣿶ĻʵðͷǹͷȻ֮۵ûϿģǳɹɢ˹ͣҲĻûôͻأ˵׻ˣʮ겻ˡ
΢΢һ㶣ʵһʼҲһǴĴʺϹˣʥĸĵȥֹѾǱԭĺ౶ˡԱԭģ֪ˡ
ˮƻȷԭгֹʱѾˣʾֱһаĻţȻһֱά
ڳȴûУ֪ǿǵάǵС̫̣Ǿôһʼά̫鷳Ͼء
ԭڵеģúܲˣʹ֮Ͳʴ֮ģʴˣ˿ܾҪʹǿ˳˵ĵط
ǶǫǫӶԣͲ̫ˣʼվĻһɿԵȣȺӳ󣬵Եڶһΰɱ¼Եݡ
ȻҲֻǸһɡ
ΪƾĻϹۣ֮𣿲ܵģҲûڵĻϻᣬȵλҲСˣĻӻǶʤǲĻӳɳһԸɱҡС÷˵ó裬ة˵Ƶ¡
ĬĿų顣
ĻѧȨΣܿɳϾ˭ģ˾ͻҪǰɱ¼ˣ
˲ɫˣǲڰʵĵֻ̫е˵ζˡ
ͷˣǿͨ͸
黺㲻ʺӦ뿪
˳һۣĴˣһ㲻ͬˡԭе˳ף龹ȻҪ뿪
ЦŵлǲߵģصʹգȴԶΪУԶ߲ǡעҪˡ
˵ĲˣתϽߡʹͻǺܿĵģϾڵĶǱĺϲֹһһһĿäһϲϣͳ鶼һϰߵĵȫ˷ܡ
鿴²˵ӣЦˣʰʰˣ·һˡ
˭ɻ
ȻǸһѯˡ
ȵΪǾĬĬΪĻ£ٻˡ
˼ֲɵ˽һʾ֪ˣ˵ܿҪءЦ˵
Ȼ֮󣬾˴ȥѩˡ
̫ͳ˵̲סѯͼϵ⵽˭ˣϾһֱĻӳܸоĻӡ
ȻǺƷܣ࿴̫һۣĿԺһιԭĵļ
˴ѩûмĻӣ÷һֱ
Ļӱڲƭ֪ҶӸŪͼŪģںĻһ𲻳أ÷óǿƵһ棬ͼѹס
һʼ뷨ֻϣĵܸõˮöһЩӦԽ̵ĿҵõһЩ佱û뵽ͻȻ٣̫Ϊĵ³Ϊʶĵ·Ҫ飬ЩܿƵģΪĵѧϰ׸֪ʶĵ¸ñǵֻӦġԾɵ
ٶȼʶ˳ǧǧǧĹȫȨԣоԼ˵һ˵˭óԻϣ÷ͬһ˵ͬɡǱ߻ܳס÷Ѿˡ
ֻܰԼҺԼ֪ȫࡣ
˵Щɿص飬ԤȾ뵽ģͨһЩϸ΢ֶյĽ÷ǳȥǹǳԤϺõġ
ԳĽͣ÷һͷ֮ǰ뷨ֻҪĵ¹ԹԶͺôͻȻҪΪֿ佱ˣ
Ϊĵ´Ǻã֮ǰĲΪǲѹĵ³ΪǳͷͬʱҲһĵǲûϳ谮ҲùһŸˮĲݸǸµıֻû뵽´ϻȫסŵ˹͹鷳
÷֪ԼĶӺ׽ΪǳͷҲǳ֮Уô˵Ҳ֪ͼ
ʵԸǹһЩֺǵ飬֤ǿʼ׼ͶЧˡȻðգЧǷǳãʮ⣬ոչ˦ӣҲΪѹסǣֻ˵÷ЩûӦˡ
⣬ǵʱٳӦνǾˣɵΣѹԼ͵뷨ȫȫάĻӣΪ˲Ļպ¶ڣһ˵ûϸӿġ
ģıԣеʶвŻ÷ͣв֮ʿڸ߶޽У֮ǰǳȥвΣϣһͶЧ
Ծɺޱʾ÷еץֻΪǻ²̤ʼս
鲻÷֪ȫ̵ƣȻԸıԣȴһ÷ةҲ׳Ļ̫ΣգĻıȡ棬һȸְ֪ӷĲٿص̫Σգǻ᲻ó飬ҲһʼıͶЧ뷨ۡԳŻ÷
÷ε̬ǳҪġ
һ̬γɾͲò˵ӵˡ
ʵӲ飬֪϶ֻܲɿӣҲ֪ԸѧϰǵΪڳԤ֮УӻΪͻȻĻӶʣһṥĻӣĻԩϮ֤һǳɻﵽõЧҪĻӻ裬ȻҪһĶӣǾӡҪ÷ǣȻҪ÷ǣֺ
ϻΪ֮ĶĻӰٰã÷ҲΪ֮Ŀʼǡһ˫
ȻֹЩ
÷鸴ӵĿǣ̲סĺܺãһúõĽǣպ󡭡ԸĻһһ⣬ΪıǱĻӣҲة࣬ȻǸ߹ٺ»ǰƽ
Ĭš
һڿڵﻹȰԼߵļϸɾɡ
÷һ㶲Ŀų顣
Ϊλĵﱾǣʱ˶ĻӵĶ򣬻رĵ³أңȴ֪ĵֻӼŭϣûΪةıһУԲôʱɱЩֺõΪû޷̰ɡ
һ÷ɫ˲ѿԼΪʲôͻȻȥĵһŮͻȻ㱨˵ĵ۾֮鴦͸ſɣʱȥ
Ǳ߷Ž̽ӣҲ΢Ĳ²⣬е顣黺˵ꡣ
ͷⴵѩ̽ӣǲ̫ȷ˭һݺӣӺĻͬһ顣ǾͻᵼΪ˸õĴѹĻӣǱߵȻ룬÷̰ĵҪ÷Ҳˣǰ÷üŭϵİ취
ٴһ˫̽Ӱ÷÷֮ģΡ˳ص̽ӣ÷ǵδﵽߡ
ƻһɡ


124 
÷ץǸƭȥĹŮʼ̿ʡǸŮץʱķӦѾ˵һУ÷Ϊ𾪣û뵽ô̽ӻ˽ǳѣﻹ֪Ҫ顣
ллǡ÷ϵ˵ǰĻӣҲ˱ة඼סģոյ鲻䣬ֻҪԸ⣬ĻһһΪϱ
÷ͶĸмĿ⣬鸴ӣıһȻΪĻӺãΪĻðͷ˵жԣĻһӿ첽Ǿͻӿǵձ࣬ԵҲûʱȥϸڣ˼αûжʱ䣬ֻһеĽ̶ӿˡ
÷Ѿﵽ˶㣬ǼʹҲûɿڣԥӵģΪ֪һеĴ÷
Ҫƭة࣬һ
һѾ̵档
֮ǰ˵Ĳ۸Լݵλŵͣ಻ĺһةͬܣΪҲĴ֮һĳЩ澭ܵί
ʱһЩòԿѹΪΪ޿ɽ۸ĺܲңʱٽة֦˽ޱȼ̡
鲻ӦҲΨհģ÷һҲżˣԽѵõģԽǳĳ⣬é®ҲԸȴ
һ÷Ըġ
˵ͼϵİ취˭ģϵ˼Ƿǳ˲ģó𣿡
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ҪȥԺӣͻȻ˽ס
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125 
һֻǾ÷ʧˣٸСؽû壬Ե䲻𡣡
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ɫ촽΢΢źϣƺ˹һֻɿźУأҳüѵĸ죬ͻȻֻɿеסĺ󲱾һ˹ȥ²ʡ


126 
鵥߿µذף׼һȴоﲻԣͷ˿Ժʲô档
漴һģ֮ǰ誵ư˱ڣţ˴ߣķȥվڴһԼŸȥס漴ʲôƵġ
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ʳǲ̫˵㣬ǴգֲǶաɻСĲѪ
ôᣬҲųѡ
룬ǲθڱˣǰԵĶԣţˣܲ²Ķ׼¹¹Ѫһʳʳԣ˵ÿɰĶԡ
鲻ˣȵȥʱ̲סʵôˣ岻ʣҪҪҽ
ûаҾǸое庮ԳԵԵĶѡ˵
üϹԣо庮Ҫҽ
ЦǾ͵ɣտôˣĳֻΡ
򴽵ӣͷһڵһٸŪҪȥԽҹ̸
ŶŶǲܵ󡣡ͷ
ͻȻڵͱȥˣǺģȻ˵о庮ݸҩԡúϢһ°ɡ
˵ڣǿᶨӣͻȻͷӦӦǴÿˡ
˼䣬һȥɡ
ҡͷ
գգۣջǵͷˡ
ǵͷǹϵôġĹȥĻ
Ϊƻβ֪鲻ֵöֻ̫ҪֵܹУһҲʧб䣬Ҳ㼰ʱ֡
˵ʮֵġ
ϳ¹⣬ȳǶȥ֮Ҳʰ׼š
ǸոһţͱǰͻȻֵ̫һ
Ӧ˹ȥ
ٴʱѾſڱĹˡ
Ļһ˲ģ́ͷǱΣܹʱȻ
Ȼˡ
һεľ飬ˡ
ĬĬĿһԼĻ֣ٿ˿̳ҩ裬ţܳ֡
ȤǵһﻹµˣôԤϵһ㣿
ϵĻҳҺôǰϺӣĻӵİܹҲͻȻôɣΪʲôҪأҵȷ֪ΪʲôܹͻȻץңҲûеܹܣӦֻӣѵܹܱǻϵˣʵǰӵģ
едֵС󣬻߷ʧصˣеʶзִˣȽ͡ϣһøУֱ̫ݡ
һİɵļͻȻ𣬰Ц񿪿ڵͦģ㲻Ԫȼˣҿܲɱ㡣


127 
ֳһɫӣ㡭˵˭
ϣ۾ЦϷ
ǣ˵ʶǸˣ
̫ӣԪȼ
ͻȻЦ
ۿһԵøΣգЦʲô
涼ܹܺ͸̫ӣ̫йϵ˶һһʱգйϵѾˣά̫ӵĸûУܹǲ˼άˣԪȼˣҪЦˣû뵽ΪɱץģҴСĴһֶֻĹһ仰û˵ôϵģ
ֵʮȻͻȻһˣòΪɣԩˣ֪һҪһģҵĻ˵ǴһһˡҪ˵һĺãֻ˵ʱҲǺ»ʲô𷣣Ųòģ϶ԪȼˣҪЦˡ
һҹӶԻ¹ٵԼȲѹ״ֵ̬쾡£оǰϰˣϷҲһ˵صִһء
𽥱ˣֹӲôż֤ԼףҲ˵ɵϲǣ
ǻָ̡ܹһף˵ӡ
ЦŶ˹ָʾ
ԥһ£̨ǰʱһЩֽţд˶ĵ顣
ֹӿڲźãһһͰɡ
ǿװ򶨣ΪάԪȼͻ϶ǴӳһռϢɣ̫ʧƫˣһұܣϷģ£̫ӹȥһЩߵΣ尴ŴܲҪΪ˾ȱܾ͸ͻҪվ̫һߵҲû취
š⡣Ȼڵ
ĵȻ粻ġ񣬸Ͻڶ֡
⡭ϳϵ򼼣ʱѾǽ͹ˣǻҵġ
ʱǿûʲôҲ׻ֽŷ͸лҳһ°ͣһͷʵ
˵ˣϵãҺͱʱ򶼵ѣһ츳һΣҾѧˡ
ҲͷЦֹ˫ȫ


 ־Ǹոս͵ĻְֱסͲֹظˣĸɡ 
ĸĻӻˮͼֽһЩƾɵżֽţˮؼĻӻϵ˵һ¡
ʲôװ֪
ЩһдŸң˵̫Сѷһˮ츣ȰȤĵдƣⲻ𣿸ĻдһŶĻӵЩӶģܽһ£Ϊʲô뷨̫һ˵ǹȥ죬ǲڲ죿ŻˣһЩйأˮĲݸġ
һĲ²̼亹Ҫˡ
ԭΪʲôῪʼϳԵɾˡ
ֻԸԪȼйصˣ빬֮һֱĻӣԼԪȼйϵЩϸڻ޷ԤϡΪˮܣȥ飬ſʼɳԪȼйϵȻûдΪԪȼǺԵʱ򣬲𽥿ʼɵġ
ǰЩӳ鰲ˮƻʱûߣϾ빬һֱల£ҪˣֱǱȥ÷̫ǵģѯ˭ˮĴߡ
һ˲䣬ͻȻˣ뵽ʼԳ
ʹԼ̫ˣǺ룬Ҳǲܸıľ顣
ˮƻеһõƣһը԰Ըһ᲻ϧҲҪõģ취ó鷢вһˮƻȰ֮ǰЩ˸㶨հҲˮ
Ϊ޷ͱϸǰȥԭԸ⽻żΪ֤ݣ׸һ˽ţһֱšҾԸ⽻ƾһĸ۵˵˼ҸԪȼйҲǣǿˡοҲ޷֤ĻӲˮԭߣϾĻĶһֱƫִֻԼԸԪȼйصˣϲˡ
ԭУǰֱӰܹһ̱ƹûеõҪĴ𰸣ͱ÷ˡ֮÷ڻǱ߿һ󣬵»ϻƫӵһ㡣
ԤϵôĻǳһ᲻ѣƾͼơ˽֪һʧܱȻԼǻϵĲ¼ɣðˣΪҪ֪Ԫȼ˻ǻţһʼˣȲϧһд֤ͻһԼļƻ
ԭ⵼£ǰ֪һԤıƣֻһġ
鷳أӦ̬չڱץľǳˣ֪ô
ǵ÷һ̣ǳ嶯֮´˳飬ռһݡ֪͡϶ᱻУᱻš˳׼űץ
ţԼȥĻ˵㣬һ鱻ץԼûôЧʡ
ȻˣűץɲΪɵҲǳ㿼ǡ
һʱ䣬Ϊˣӿ쵽ˣĺ֢ҪˣһײˣǱɡԼܿס
ڶԭôӦܹܵģԼӦԵĸá
ͱڣȻţҲܻشࡣ
˵ܹˣܹ̫ܵḻˣЩӵȷҳģֻǲ̫ӽҵģλСѡǣҸһ棬ȹƣţݸ壬һƽҵʱûжᣬû뵽һˣԼ֣֮Ҳԩ̰һ㹦Ͱˡ
Ŷ˵ʶ̫һƲݸСѣǺǡ
ţ
ǽʲô֣
ֻ֪гӦʮ˾ӣı֪ںδ಻ͦġͷϻһ̫Եİ̺ۡ
סΪϹģû뵽ģȻ˵ѡһζĵжϲ˻ɡ
ңʵͷϵͳֹ͸¶ǹؼ;Ϣǹؼľͻ裬Ҳ˵ܸ֪δ޹ؽҪС»ǿ˵ģеʱҲܲ澯һ¡
ֵȻ˵ܸϢҪȻᱻɣ񣬶񲻿˶ϢҲ±¶ԿԷĴ󵨵˵
Ҳʱһеʱİ취
ʵԭбץʱҲ뵽СתעǺܿϧʱѾһˣ˼άʹļ̫࣬Ͳ˻ңСѼѾģ˵˵֣ȻҲܹšŵܹܷϵɣ͸鷳ˡ
ìܵöԼϣѳժҪע⡣ΣһֱǣһԴĲ¼ɡ
ɵʧΣԺôǡһǳɹˣǸ˲鷳
ڸܵԽߵĽָˡ
ڵڶĿǣԼӦԱӦǿȻ֪ڵ׻ǲǵǸСˣܲĳĳ׼ȷɡ
еҲҪһ㡣

ʵڿǵⲿ־ʱ;ðϵͳһģ¹Լǿ϶ԼӺõһ㡣
Ȼ̫ſڴʱ2ͳˡ
ڶ񼯣2ܹܡ
Ҫܹܣһʹûϻʼ԰ԭ飬ҪһȻԼǾԼɣҲú÷һ¹˵Ĺ
ߵһˣֻҪȴ˾ͺˡ
õĻ˵ñĥ
أͿ֣֪ðһ֣Ϣ
¼ȥҡ
Ϣ٣¡
ǾͶˣ
ֻܵͷϢ뿪
˺ããҪҵ֪ءš
תͷЦˣһˣǾҵĴˣһڴ֮ǰֹӽ鲻һ֤Ļأ
Цһ˵ĺһ
ҽ⣬⣡
΢΢һЦһ֣˼ˡȻ
谵Ŀռ䣬峺ˮ档
еĺˮΣƵѪһ¡֪һûд̼ǰԴԭûϸдֻдǿ־ס˺ľĥ£ºڰݲ˵ʶ˻Ҿ˵˵Ļ
˵֤̱ƹˡ
ˮΣŴ̹ǵĺ⣬Ȼ̫ѧĺ̶Ҫ䣬һȥ͸оѪҺҪˣг
裺20¶ȵҩ裬͸һ̺ƵġԭΪôߵҩ軹Ҫ20㣬õģû뵽ˡ
¶Ȼ̫ߣǵȷںˮеıϴˮĿ֡
һ˳ʱˮҲܲˣҺ׼
ЦԵʳɲǰ׳Եģǵء
ҳһʱﰲˮ裬ȴԮ


128 
ҹ̸ϣ飬ͻȻ˹ѯʵأ
شĲϢ١
ԣҸոȥĲˣ˸ڡ
Իǰʱȥ˰ɣʲô𣿡
ұٷһЩҪʲô俪ڵ
Ц٩磬ֵĹϵ治Щ¶Ƕˡ
ӦֲϲҰζҲû˸Ҫ
Խ˵˹أ
Ҫ˵ЦͻȻ鿪ڵһȥһˡ
ôˣԽȻ֮ûȷ˵ʲôǳѾᰵʾһЩ飬ͱҹ̸ǳ˼Խ²ʲôҪˣһôͻȻҪȥˡ
Ҳ˵Ϊʲôֻоеţԭ֪ĲݵȥʹҲûϵڻȴڣҲֻûѣó鲻ܸоƺʲô㡣
ȥһˣҲʲô
кߣеģҲһȥˡ
صĲڵԺӣǹغõģҲû⣬˳ȥˣ˯ˡ
ƿһȻûˡ
е㲻ˣϲ˵һжΪҪ֪ڸҪȻͻо
תʹȥˣͻȻ俪ڵе㲻Ծ
Ųһ٣ſڲ֪ڿʲôĻ䣬˳һſڵĵϾȻĺۼɲǼɫͱˡ
һߣˮǰеڰϣֹʲôҪ˵𣿡
̧ͷĴһ磬׻еģֱһֱŪʮʹϵƤҪ⣬Ҳûжĸо
䡣һ仰ñֵ̫һ̼˼ң˼ҪһӶԸأ
ֹ벻
ϻ
ֹظһСѵϢɡ
˵ߣڼ˵Ǻǰ󶼱һµġİ취Ըܶ˵ѵˡ־в߱Ȼ¶
һΣԾĻش⣬񲻸˼⣬Ƕûãֻ֤ûɵġ
ɵüͷʵֱģ²ôɺϵ鶼һ˵ϣȴû˿֤ݿ֤
ι㻹ҪҶãȻһҹӣ̱ƹǲе̫޷ˡ
ֹ˵Цˣҿû̱ƹֹӳȥʱϱһ˿ڶûС
ûУˡ
㻹Ҫʲô
ˣҾֹӡֹʲôҪ˵ģʱԿ˵
ɲϲһ߶ŵĸоֱӱտڱۡ
ˮеˣоɫȻûж࣬һûˣôܿס
ˮ棬ǡ΢΢üٶŵˮֻôأŵ㣬ܺУˡ
жʱѣѾˮòҪı̱ƹĲˣ
ܻصĶˮ濪ʼܿ͵°͡Ϊ屻̶޷ƯָоͺʱҪһ̫˵ˣȻĺÿһͻһĥˡ
ˮ滹ᵴȥʱʱһֻŲӣѹסҪûĿ־塣
ֹҪˣ˵㲻һݰɡ
̲ס㻹Ҫ˵ʲô˵Ҷ˵ˣԼƫִɿб֢޹ˮ׷ңҶҪɣǲѹҪ̫ӻţҪȻôͲϷŹأ
˵ʲôͻȻһ䣬Ŀ
죬֪Լ嶯ˣʱ򻹴ڣʵЩҪ²ˣôƫִôԪȼΪڼ֤ԪȼѾȫʬˣ֤Ԫȼţ׽ԪȼѵϣܱԼɱƫִ㲻ȴɹĵ
ˮͬһ³
һˮֲܿ˾ҵĲ󲿷ʱ䶼ˮסֻÿˮȥʱ򣬲ǿ̽ͷһ¡
ԭܹڶɱһеˡ
㡭Ҫɱңô˽ź󺰵漴ֱˮûֻõĻش
˶ѡ
ͷһ군ˣԼˣһӣԳ˵ӽжϵġ
úǰܹܣҴˣҸոϹ˵ģдҼƽϣ֪̫ӣҲϲģҸһ·ġ
ظ֮ˮָƽȴиһЩòȫͷ¶ԼıӺ͡
ֹ˵Ҳϲ̫ӣ˵˵̫ӵʲô㲻ϲأ
ϽŬĴϢ˼ڣȡΪĿȴΪŶһƬհף˵ԪȼĻܵõܹһȱðԭ˿̫ӵ뷨˵֤ܺģһһǼٵģô˵óڰ
ſȴˣ룬룬̫ӡ̫ӡ
ҲǽʱҪûˡ
лأѵ̫ӣ̫Ӿˣ΢۾
Ҿ֯ԣ뵽ˣ֣֮ϲǸݸ͵ûڵˣҳôûܹίء
Ҫˣô˵ԪȼĻֻܹûʵˡ
ΪͷˮУֻбӺ棬Ҳ֪ʲôķӦǺ֪ܿЧˣΪصĶѾôĴˡ
Ͻ̳һңûоҩ裬ԺҲʱŻᵽϵͳ档
ǾʱˮȻ
ͨһˮУܿ죬Լͷͱæһϲ磡
ͷ漴еıп˱ϣȥ
ƽ̨濴ȥֻƽ̨֮ϣϵ÷ĻҲվԱߣһŭɫ
һ˫۾ֱĶվԽǸպһһҵסҪȻոľˡ
ϽЦЦʾԼû¡
һϰܿĽëˮζ˱üëҲ·һɼж䡣
ſڰߣǰһסȫڳĻֱӾͰ˻У䳹ǵ··˲˳ϵҲһĺ䣬Ķˣʹ࣬ոһֱһ˶
鱧ø޲ýȫ
ûˡͻȻ˵
΢΢һ㶣ŷ֣Ȼֹסڲ
ˣĺˡ
֪ץߣֶΣ͸о겻壬һڻʹиоô֮ǰȫǼֻǻʹһɱûκȨСⲻĻʹֻһԸһ¹ٵȨûУΨһİ취÷Ļӣǵˡ
ǵˮΣȫˮûһ˲䣬µ
һ˲룬ΪʲôҪðա
úõĻдϢܸܵԼں
һֱڱ˿Ҳֻ⣬ΪһֱҲ
ΧϽë̺ɫѿȥ
ĻҲܵĸǰҪ֣һӾͱˣѽ䡣
÷Ͻ˰ͻȥ̫ҽơ
ǻû߳ͱܹܵߵסȻͬǹˣȴ˿η÷ĻӵݣһΨܹհӣɼܹܵȨѾ嵽̶ֳȡ
÷ŭܹܣʲô˼ץһʶİʣǲߣ㵱Żʳҵ𣿡
עҲڴתƣĿɭĿܹܡ
ʱһνӣŵЦūҲֻ˸飬÷αضŭ
ʲôĸ𣿡÷Ķ
ôᣬһֹӸ̫йءֱ˵ʱܴҺúʹ˵
÷˲һ£ô̫ӳϹϵˣ
ɫҲˣʵԭе²⣬û뵽ȻΪֱ۲ɵս
ܹܣ˼ǰϺĵӣϺһֱڱ£˵̫йϵӹϵ𣿡Խ̲ס˵
ܹȴǳصģͷͻǰȣֵһˣ𣿡
⻰ֱӽеĵһȦڵϣŭĿܹܣ㻹Ƿħˡ
ܹЦһ
ԽЦˣҺͻѧǱпΣ㵹ֱӰ˰ˣⲻڴҵôܲܡ
ܹܣڻʹȨץΣʹȫ֮ˣʣû⣬ȻͷŹˣֺαôأ
ܹ˵Խ˵У˵̫йأ㵹Ǹ֤ݰûƾû֤ˣȨǲе̫ˡ
ܹȴĬͬԭ˵һ빫Ƿŵ飬ǣһȫ޷˵ɵĵ㡣
ԽȴץסĪǵܹܿ۵ģֺŵдɻãֻҪ̫ӳϹϵʲô˻֮ǰЩеˣΪ̫ӻΪʲô¶дȶˡ
˻һ˲÷ѣ÷Цһʲô̫ӣǶ翵飬ֻ֪һͼӻ˻ϵĳ谮˴󹦣һɣû죬ܹܾ̫ӵͷץ̱ƹ˭֪Ҫгʲôݡ
ܹܣ飬ͷǸϽͰɡǻҲͬ㣬Ҳ޻˵ǽĻӵİһҪߡ÷ֱתͷҪ߳ȥ
ſڵ˻ţܹȴ˰֣ʾߡ
ʵҹʱ֪סˣֻû뵽ôѡ
߻ϣԼֱһʲôͻȻһԵɱ֣˳ɱ⿴ȥȻǱС
ߵʱ΢΢һ㶣ͻȻ͹ǣûб񿴹ˡ
ǽ͸ˣʱ򶼲
ͺ˵һɱ㡣
ǿ־嵽޵ľŭ𣬶ƶҪʵֵĿꡣ
òҪȤ


129 
ܹܣ飬㾿Ҫʲôʱ򣿡
ԽͻԽѯʡ
ĿǣǾʶƾôάԪȼҲ
б¾ˣ㵱㰡ŭ
Խס䣬սϣ޳ô԰ٽȫ̫ӣǺǨŭ
˲ֹԽȴȵס
Ȼ书ǲǻĶ֡
죬ûʸ˵Щ䣬ĵǡ
Խȴηֻ֪ٽ̫Ĺ鿴ô̫ӣһ
죡˲ȫû֮ǰĴݲȡԪȼĴԪȼʧСôȴһʬ޴³
˶ֲľϰһƤٽݴǵǵ͸ġ񻹼ǵݴǽĴڲϵӣǵΧ˺һЦȴͦãôһֱţֱһֻдѪƤôӲģ񲻸롣
ԪȼСһúõĴھǣɼҵҸҾôһˣҰԪȼΪԪȼȻĴԪȼҲôŵģԪȼƾʲôҺ޲Լɱ
һ̫ǱԩأһҲԩأԽʵ
Ԫȼʲôԩ֤Сǲ𣿣Ŀѵķʵ
սü٣ԪȼҪ׷ˣݴתݴǽ屻ΧˡԪȼıƭ˴ľ飬ǽݴԪȼȻˡ
ǲʵ
Խͻ俴Ѿȫһʹһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
ݴǹūһ;̫ģʲ֣һӣ˷ѣΪֲԼźԾݴΪӣС󣬰תΪ֮ݴǵĲܱԪȼ֣ʼƽ֮·
ݴǴСڻʹһ˵Ψһˣɥ֮ʹҲԽͻ޷ģһֱĿǶìܡ
Խ֪һҪҲݴΨһˣڵĳɲ־ˡ
Խ̾һݴҲ̫죬仹ݴϤһ㣬ϾʱǻЧ̫ӵСƨݴѾվ̫ߣº͵ͽˡ
ܹܣٽҲϣ£Ϊ֮ɡԽ˵꣬Ż뿪ˡ
仹Щ̲סңΪ̫ӵ·սǵ¾ʧսҲԹ޻ڣֲ̫ôԶѾˣΪʲôҪݴҲһ뷨̫ӵµģһǷǲֵķӡ
ԽЦ֪Ҹ嵨ηһսˣұֱ֤ˣ͹Լû¡
ԽһۣԽˣÿ˵ͬȻҲͬ
ҿǰֻαĺܣڸһ粻ķӡݴ˲š
ҲΪԼкõһ涼ݴǣŻݴɲŵġԽֻ̾ϧһδˡ
ͻȻȥݴǻϽİͽܣһݴǽݷã˾ƣϽûţ˵Ļ˵ʹԱ𣬵ǲǰ;֮Ϊ飬ҪȻһЩ鶫·ݴǣݴǺúø̫ӵ£ҵƾĲܽһɳΪһ
ʱȻڵȨҲǻʹг̫ܹˣ¶ȻɵĲ٣ֻڵĲҲٱץסѱ̫ţһֱȻϽȰ˵ҲǷָݴǽܺúõķչ
Ĭ˵ݴǺֻ˵һ䣬ұҪĸһ㣬һ㡭
䵱ʱûôֻ࣬оȻӣǹϵĺá

÷˾ȳ֮ͽ̫ҽԼĻֱȥһϿȥˣΪԼ֮ԻᱻץΪܹܻǷͼĻ
÷ͼˣɲٷܹܸӳͷ
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130 
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ڴͬһϵ㣬Ա߶һֻè붼
ΪʿʼˣӦ׼ˣȴֻһԲСľ׸Ķ˴Ϳҩ
ðɣȻãһֱĬҲ˰Եĸоѹŭⲻ͵ǵŻɽĵʱ

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132 
Ŀ⡪ɨˣֻСͿȥԼ࣬ҲСģȫ̵ʹͷҿ˵ӣǶԾеĸ˼Ҷбܵη塣
СȥͷĿϹǵͷǰűЦүãǡľţЩͽܣϰ忴ǹˣĻǿԼ죬ʲô뷨Ҳܾʵ֡
⻰˵Щ˰ɣЦ˵ǻʲô뷨𣿡
Ϲˡӣȥү˵˵
ƺЩ£Ϲǳ⡪͸ϽͼֽǰҪչʾΪţոաеͼֽͶɢˣƮɢأмŷɵĸǰ
Ե˳̲סѵôֱŵġ˵žͶæ
ɫɷףڵæҵļš
Ϲֱ߽ӡšûõĶүˣ
ӸϽſڵϣ
΢΢ü⣬̲סʡԵ˳ţôôң
Ƕ˵үǽʹĹˣԾͱȽϺ¡˳ŵ
ͷû£ţ˵
վͷߣȽ̧̫ͷֱ¶ӿȥͦġ
ֱӽӹͼֽˡۣܿͶסˣԡ㹤⣬Ӧòửôϸͼֽ󲿷ֶƾϾɻģȷͼֽˡû뵽˲ţǲ
ŷţɫͱˣȻˮĶļ׷ȣĸƣѾǡ㹤ܴﵽˮ׼˰ɡ
˭ģЩȵ
ڿڵүĻСġ
ͽûɶãϲͿͿеʱ򻭳ĶǲϡáϹǰ˵ǷƣѵûõĶóүۣϽߡ
ȻϹУ̫ǰ벻ͨȻΪûõĶ
ɨˣӵмӣϹȴǡܾûӣƺЩȡ
Ҿͦ˼ģ˵˵ôָͼʵ
Ϲ㶣˳ŵĵ£ϽЦ£ﻹʲô
ӵǡľոֻ̫ŲŻеͼֽڡ̫ȵʱͻġǡܰ뷨ǡֱ񶨾Ϊûõģ⡪ͻȻĹͬʵǡ̫˼ˡ
ǰͰ͵Ľˡ£ЩֻҶͼֽԼͼֽԱߺÿֹ֣Ȼǹ˵֣ž͸
ǲǻˡأҪõʱ򿪣ҪȻˮֱڣǷȲǡֱ𣿡˼ˡ˵
ӡ㶣Ϊֻ棬û뵽Ŀƣϸ˼ˡֱأͬĸоȻмѣϽ⡪ûнˣ˵Լеĸֹ룬˵ͣ
šͼʣ͡šŵ˵Խ˵Խ˶ʻ
㡭ĺУ̲ס̾ʲô֣
츳֪պĳûеġƴ˲ű£
СġС
ŶȻ
ͻȻЩԣˡԼ֣ո˵꣬ǰү˳
ȸӣе𾪣עȴ֮ǰԶԶˡۣ⡪ǡӣݿʣüϷ泪ѹӡ
֪Ҫֻо˵յĺܽͻȻͰˣҺ񶼲ҺƵġ
ãŷ֣˿ȣĲ͡ȣҵԺ顪£Ҫʲôǿᣬˣȥɡ
˸ϽǮȥ
ȵ˶뿪֮ԭֱģʲôдܳ콳֮Ƶĳʦǻ֮űҵģôھ͸ԼˡǸˡʲô񰡡
ոѾȷˣͷϵȷв̫Եİ̺ۣǳˣ֪Ϊʲôڶˡա
ԼǰŸոպܹܣԸϵĻǲֱӽܹܶԼĻû⡪ǣպԸܹܲǷܶࣿϽȥ߳飬
ԣô򵥣ܹܵ̿ʵǿܻУֲԼˣոտôµӣ˵¶ڣԼ˵Ļͳɻ𣿶Ҫô˵Լϳ˳أ
ͺ˴󽱣ȴܶ͸¶ĸоô찡
ĿأͻȻԺжˡ
շʧܲᴦɹ⽱

Ȼе񣿺ðɣûгͷС
շӦþ˼
ԭĳòơֱ켣ײ㣬ҵ֮󣬲𽥷سٳΪܳĶ콳񣬵λǷ
ոոտĳԸˣǡֱѹ
ǡͬѯʳΪǰȥԺίҪ͵㹤ǰѱԺĸʡЩžǡʦżͽܽӹ̵ģǵĹϸ±ֱߡ񣬺ǡĻӭ޽ͥԺúܲ͹Ӷֱ͹
еΣͬʱֺο绹ģԺ˵ҺôҪȻء
˵ˡؼݣ
ʵϹͽܣҲӵģԭǽгڸϹգߣϹԳɲ̫ãǮūʹΪþƺöģͳ׬Ǯĳôӡ
Ҳ˳Ĵѹûô꣬ԭС׵Ӧūˡ
ʹͻȥϢĹǶڡŴ˶٣ʵĶǡģҶǴ
߻ûõ־ͱϹ˹ȥȥү˵ҪǸʲôȣϽ׼׼ˡ
곣͸ͽҪҪȥҤӣġѡ
ʵţɳȫˣܶ๤ƸǵĻ˵ᣬǡѧͽӦɵ࣬ʵ۸ʵ˰ˡ˼û˵ʲô˾ˡ
˺ҲϰΪ⡪Щ²ΪԼĶôܲ˷أֽƽʱ᲻õģֻ̿ڿյͿͿȷŲʵĸֽϡ
û˳žˣ˳үźģڸҲͷͷ⡪ˣǾ͸Ͻʺ
˳ȴ˳ߣү˵ˣҪƺ׼үԺСŵƫңԵĹȥǱ׼߰ɣҴȥ
ľֶ̿ˡ£ȵҲ֪ô죬ֻлȻŵĸ˳ˡ
ʲô̫˰ɡСǳͷʦӳҪӲˡ
ǰжҲûôõĴ
˵ҵ˺ȾƣѯΪʲôүԺûŮ죬˵ʵǵүз磬ô㣬ǰͱϺϹ˵ǡ
԰ô˵ǸոֹӵķӦͺˣҪȻö˶˵ĶôģȻǿ𣿡
ʦҪ޶ˣ
˼Ҹ߹˼ӰֱӽеԺȥˣ²桪Ǯ
Խ˵ԽϹ˼
ʱʱѾɵˣīֽĿ߶಻ʤиľҪС;¹ӦоУǼֱǹãǰֻ۲İƷ
ү˵𣿡ֱɽˡ
˳ŵͷү˵㾡ãҪʲôᡣƽտæϢǻǱϢ㿴㻹Ҫʲô𣿡
ΪүԳӣ˳Ҳÿ
ϽҡͷʾѾܳˣǳ⣬ʲôҪˡ
˳ŵͷϸ˿ۣԴɵֶˣ㡭ƽʱϴɾ㡣
ԣΪ⣬͸ϽͷӦ¡
˳žٵȷǰүϲĿֻүΪ˳үôͻȻԳôˣѵż͵ԣϾ⡪γүûŻΪˣõľǰүڻľͲˡ
ţ˳žͶԳչˡ
λõĹˣʼȫȫĴ
СͻȻʶפүԺӵĴȴ
Ȼƽʱͦعصģǹ˼ҵİԻǺܺġ
ȻЩϢܿʹ˶ֺĶУȻǰ磬ҲҶ˵ʲôֻҪֵ̫֣̫ԣҲֻ۱աֻˣϾڵˡ
ǣҺóүڣҪȻܱ輧ǡλҪ鷳
Ϊû˸ǰ˵ѹûзҥֻоԼס˳ܵĶδĴá㡣
ͬʱȻԺҪ˵ˣĻֹҡ


133 
ΪݣϵõĻӺةʶڻʹ˻ϵһδͣʹˡ֮ǰոյʱ򣬱˶ǹ۲ڣڿɾŮѡˡ
ȻкзĴţ˲⣬ȨƵ˺зĲ٣еĻڼгأⲻʲô£վҪȢŮΪޣŮΪ檵ġ
ĸ岻ʣΪ޹˵ĳͼ縺Ӧý˵ص԰ġ
һͽӴ˺üλýˡ
Ǽܻӭҿδǰ;ЩݵλЩ䲻ϡΪǵԭ͡
ҲȻ䲻ϵģСҲżү˴٣ûк˼𣿡
ҵİһĲϲŮô죿̲ס˵Լĵǡĸ׵ԽˣȻϲ˵֪ϣܿȢһ׵ģϣһֱչš
̾һֺγ֪˼أĵ廹𽥱Ҷ֪¼ֲ˶ãѾ᲻ˣֻϣһߣҲܷȥˡ
⼸գֺܿǿڹͼǰ棬ҲŶƸ
ȵ˶дˣǾһ
ȴһֱСһ˵˵ЦЦͼֽͿͿȥʮ׽ɫѿֻ˳Ž˳
Ѿ̽ûиˮһᵽ¶ɫͺܲСʱһӾĹˣһˮƼȥһˣ˼˺þãʱֵսңԼ˾ԪȼǮƴųˣʱ򾩳ǵķѾʼ仯ҵǸδǶ̫ĵˣǵƭӸ˳ȥĸ׻ˣòûˡ
ĸ׾ֻܴһٻȥøʱߣ˶ȥˣʱһ󲡣Ѿ˷תּξͳ˹ӡ֮󳣾ˮ͸оҪΣٽӴˮйص顣
룬Ҳŵܹ˵ҲҹֻǳٸˮнӴԶ˼磬û֣ȻҲġ
˽֮̽ʹϹôǳòö˵ԼʦĻԴڣû׷ˣʼȵ顣
˶ϲרоһЩҲȷĵչִֵ֪ʶó𾪲ѣʮֺã̵һЩִĻͼʽԼһЩѧĻ֪ʶó࣬ǸδĽһѲɡ
ٶĶҲˣѵһ۵ˣʮֻϲҪ߸ϵݣ޲ʱʱ̿һ𣬾ȥ˯һԼĶߡ
Ծͱһ˼
˼ýף㿴̽ʵ
㣬æأû¶˵ϽֵΪʹ˲٣Ҳùȴô˸׵ġ
ȿһϲء̲סһϡ
ļҴ˵ĵС㣬ļҲ治١
⿴˿Цڰλ֮ǰǲˡǾܾһ;ġ
үЩǲżģֻҪԸ⣬ҵʵģҲɡЦ˵ҲǸҵ¶Ҳû˸ǿȢײһлǿ㲻ͷ
ֻǺܻ˵ģûԼͷȢ׶ܣΪǰ̨£ȻҲνˣǸ˾ͺá
ĻشԶֺҪģûԲȢŮӾͺãȢĸϣġ
֪Ƿḻʵ˼ֻųˣڳĶԲߡ


Ϻڣԭоĵͼʮ»ǳ˵˱Ժ飬һҪԼ׽̬
ǳȴ˼
ӣ㿴ֻ뿪һݺݺˣһֵˣٺãҲˡʮ
һεסʮ˵˶ٱ飬ǰ˵ĻʮǸĲϰߣһֱӶŲظϱһ̫ˡ
ʮȴã֮ǰи¹ʱΪȹӣʮимʲôû˵ڸоԽںȴŲϣʮӱôϲ˾Ӧר־ϲôܳĺء
һʮѹˣعӦֻǾȤȤ˶᲻̫˼׽е顣Ҫǰ̫Ҳ߳һкͱΪг裬ǳ黹ģϾǰԹ̫Ŀˡ
ס˵˱䡣
ʱ򣬰ϺǱ˽ȥ
ʹס⣬ǰȥ֮󣬷Ҳڡ
Ͽ֮󣬳֪ôˣһ֮Ļӵɵļӳ֣ܶ˶ǵ£ȻǵճӣǸѾо룬ҪĻǲܵģΪͶݾͲһˣĸ;˸ȫĻ£Ըĸ֮ѹ
ҰհϺԣΪѡĶһῼеϵҲ˵ƱҪȳ鶨ﵽԼĿġ
黹ͦ氲Ϻкδ㣬ֱ˵ʲôãϼףûпոҵ
һ˲䣬ҪЦˣãǾȻ⡣
ĸûת֮ݵλѸı䣬ԺҲ޵ĶãǳȴϺͰϺеǱɣ㣬δ϶û˵ý˰ɣ֪㣬Լ޸ò˫ȫĳõѡ
ҳûгˣһף൱׸ǳȫȫǺˣܸõΪδשߡ
ȻˣͦϲģϺһֿģ˿ͳĻӵǰϺûбַ̬־أŲ׽˿ϺĻӵ̫ҫۣסǳֻҪˣǾǰϺԼˡ
ʱϺԱųѡЧҵˣѿټһ׼ƾٵӣӣʱƽڲ֮ء
ȻˣϺ֪鲻ô򵥣ģųӦ
ȫ³Ϻ˼ĳ̲סЦˣлĸ;˸ΪҿǣǿҪλĺˡ
⺢ӣǶԼò𣿡̲סüҲɲŮòˣݣ
ֻ˵ûɶ˼ɡ
ϺҲڵʵҲпǹıãǰȽ׽ųȫһ£㡭
Ȼˣλõ⡣
ʲô˼Ϻ˱䣬̲סڵʵ֮ǰи۹ûɶ˵㰵ʾһ£ôû˵𣿡
ɫ΢䣬֪Ϻ˵ĲģϲãôӦ飬ոһŭϺᵽƻűİʾɡ
ǱҲ׵飬Ѿ
תͷŰϺΪѵûи˵ҽȢˡ
Ϻ˲һŵôˣ
ƺݣֻ˵硭ҳףҺͱ֮ѾҲͰˣôܶԲλأ
˵ʲôѵסԺǡϺ󾪡
ֱӵͷ
ҲӦ޺ȻдţΪô޷죬û뵽ĳ¡
һǰװ׾ݵģǰ۸ˣճˣ֪ʲôϵ
ǸԼЩ߰ľˣȻ̣ԼıܣǴȥûˡ
Ϻסվȵϣųģ˾˻ġ
˾ˣҵ;һѾ뷨ˡ
Ϻˣų鲻ϲŭӣȫǱѱֹˮˣϺ֪ԼĶӻı£ȻѹסôһвŻˣڳ黹ûзɻڴʱѾˣǺڹϵô׽
ӣӣӾ͸óɼҵǻ㣬Ϊ˾˲ܿӴ˱ȥԺ˾˸㶨һףֱӳ׶롣
˾ˣƢҲ˽ģǿиһ䣬ֻµʱ򣬱һ֣ϺͱҪˡ˾Ҫֵܾ˵ĳ̶𣿿ңҲԹʲôҲǺõġ
һأ
΢΢𣬡Ҳˡ
Ϻ޻˵ˣֵ˳ܣȻҪ߶ǲܵģǴǱߣ͸ֹϵˣ֮ǰʱ˵ʲôس뷨ڷƨ֮ʰˡ
ϺһѪʱҲֻóȥպһһһ£˲ŲܾС
صԼԺеĳԵľļ
ӣովҽҲڰɶҪˡ
ӣҲòףӦÿֱӾܾġһҲվʮһˡ
һʱû˵ոյȷ嶯תһ룬Ҳǲİ취ͻȻкܶ飬飬ǰ룬ҳɹ֮λһ֮֮ϣޱ󡣡
˵ͷ¹ܶûѵʱӣȹӣֵôԴ
ڡҾЩҲԶԶˡ̾Ƶ˵һ˿ᶨ
һʮˣҲ׷ʣⶼΣ


134 
үûжʲôϹڴ˻ԡ·ĳѯʵ
һȣ֪ȿҪ깤ˣоʲô⣬и˾ͻϴһȻ⻰Ϲ˵ʲô
үһֱҺУܺá
Ϲһû㣬͸ǰǸϺƵġ
˲侪ףôô˵үүǸˡôܡ
ȫ¶֪з磬ʲôܣ㲻ƾʲôһСôã˼ҿǺĴүڹиӵܸ㽻ĵѣֻҪʲôǮܲúøɣõԽݸһûаʾʾˣ㲻Ȥû⣿
ˣҡͷȫԸ⻰ӡʮ׺ͣһԴû˵ǰйӰʮ⣬ӽͼʮʧϾѾʮ־ˣֻݾвκθصġ
ѵֻ뱻СⱻŪ¾ͱ𣿡Ϲŭĸ˼ҪʲôǾܾ˵ģСĲܻ뿪
סģү˲ͬһʲôᣬδԽΪ
һľľͷϡ
˵޷죬ȷȫעϣѵԼ
һ˵үҪףĳףҪ͸ˡ
ɫһ䣬ף˭˵Ҫˣǲ깤̾ͻؽ𣿡
ԳʣϹֻǰһûлش
ƺʲôףǲְǮˣǲǻǷ˶ծ㡭ү
ֵǮϹҲˣֱӵҴҲ˼ңֲѿ飬㸸һϷǮ뿪Դô
ҲҪףǲǷǮҶ㻹ףӰôˣѾˣֱӷϹ˵ʲôȴִⲻתߡ
صȴС棬ӣ־үǴĺãЩˣҪѯʣ־ԼݲЩүҪΣô죿
һ죬⣬ʲǶ䣬־ү̫ˣΪǶԷǿҲˣֺ˼֮£ֱϹ˻ȥ
Ϲ˵Ҫɱˣ׬ǮУ̲סһ
û뵽ϹѾ¶ģһֱ֣ûлõǮҪ췹һлᣬȴǡ̽ѳȥ棬زĺ˾ƣ±ҿӣ˳һؼң֪л˻Ķ
Ϲүķ֪лˣֱӸ˻ҩʶȴͱϹ˹Ϊҹ޹Ҳûע⵽ͬĻϹ
ϰҹţԼ˯ʱҲȥ˯Եȵҹ˾ʱϹֱӷų䣬ں˯ϹѾǹ˳׼ϴ
ˣٿޣʱҾ˵Ѿүˣһ⳥ǣȻźүû֣үôϲ㣬ԺҲӵ֪𣿡
ϹһֱûϲȲˣҪؽϵʱֻ³ʱ޳ĪôҪǮþ˾Ķӱ̣˼ҿ϶ҪǮ֣ʱٰµүϧԺԴԴϵǮˡ
ϹõģϾˣ֮ǰֶԳܺã㷢ʲôҲӦ
ǳȴԸ⣬ֺԹݺүһء
Ѿû취ˣϹֱӰѹŵ˱ڣƺܽӴ˿ĳ¡
Ϲ·Ҳֵ˲͸оӺģͻȻоЩΣգһŪ˾͹һˡ
Ϲˣת뿪׼ڶϵĺϷ
ڰг̲סᣬҪԼȴԾɻ̱
ͻȻһڣһûа취ӦһӰͳǰ
£һƯ˵ӣδգΪˣóô˿Ρ
˿ȴͬһ㣬˲
޵ĺڿУ˺ëս֪ΣΪǰ˻УȴֻƳһۡ
ȻԽ˯е
ɴ۾֪ǲǻˣҪүʲôʱż
鱧һƣͷһۣʶñӲ˲Էıӡ
ˡ
ֻ˳Ƶģ˵һ䣬ţ˭ʲôˣ
ң硣һոձȫϵ
š·֪˭ˣӦһ֮󣬾ʹĵẨ
磿˲ˣ˸˵лһӣƽʱסǾǱү
ԱүǱү涼õĴڣɸү
ڳˣ˵ĹϵԲһ㡣
˴ߣһ𡣡ͻȻתߣ
ûзӦͿһǰֱӰñӺӾٿס׼뿪
еڶѾʼ̴ˡ
һĻǱүү£ȴԱߵĴ̺ãһ̲ɵάֱŵƣᣬͬʲô
ȵʮʱ򣬾ͿһݶϣϽǰأ棿һ˯
һһۣ·˵Ȼ˵˻ʲô
ʮżסһˣӦòôɡ
õĵӻ᲻ôʹڻӣҲᱻѹ
ʮһɵˣֵ˵ʲô֮ʣôܡ
˵һϵеıҪ
԰һأҪأҪ
ѣӲʲôŵҲҸȷʲôºʵӦͶлӦ֮ˡϲˣҲӦĸɡ
ϲˣΪʲô
ʲôΪʲôƾӶ̶ȣ˵ҪȻȥ׿ʡһ
ʮȻңѵ׼̹ףȻ֣ҡҽܲ档
ʱᣬʲôӵ㻹˽𣿾ǰʱ򣬵еģһҪȦñ˷ġԡ
ʮԽԽԡ
ԣԺĸһ㣡һͨ͸˵꣬ʮļʹʲôûбΪҲҪһ֪𣿡
ĸʮɥ
ţûδǵʵ۵ģôˣһôˣһʾѾܣ˵ʲôʲô
ʮ˰죬ϣҲ͡ƺҲûɶòܽܵģֻͻȻŮԣеܾ
˹ʺˣȻӽǼĸ֣ʮ̲ס²һ䡣
һЦЦҲӵĸأ
˵أʮš
һȴûٶ˵ʲô
мΣɱıʲôһĺΪĴۣӱʲôӣһܽܣǻۣҫ۵ĴڣȴڰĵطôҪֵʱȴΪԭıƻȻ鷳࣬ԾɴĿģϵɱⲻǺܺ
һ;ĴڲһˣֻǸȷ˶ѡ
ڣεڴϿ˯
ã̾һ
Ӯˣ
˵꣬Ĵϡ
ʵ֪ԼˣֻҪһֱǲŲˣ֪ڲʱĶ̫أеʱѹûˣΪֻҪһ뵽ԼҪʧȥͻ޷﷢飬ߵıƻ飬һж겻ˡ
黺뿪̰Ĵǰ뵽һһ˵Ĵѡ
һǳҲͣ·ʲôأǿ˺üΣƭԼ˵˶嶯ˣһǣͼ¶ˣô˵˵ĳ嶯أֻûгռǰ˵Ĳˡ
ĵΪһݡ
֪Ѿ·ˡ
ҰԼ㣬һ̣ٵһʱ䡣
̲סֲ˲ĴԾɲŪҲ֪ԼľģֻǱֵܵĹϵΪô࣬Ļֻ»޹˼ĸࡣ
Ұƽʱı֣һһˣҲ޷ڸǶİõ˷ֵ֡ܵĹϵѾǳΣˣοǰأ
޷ϾŮˣڹ뷿ǲܰٷְٸǾֻʱѹţȴηʱ̵
һ죬վԼߡ
齫˱뻳Уоն˲䱻ҲƺоϤϢȻ˲䣬һƾ˯ĸˡ
ڶһ磬Ūѡ
޺ֱӴҡ
ֱ˷ĵ
Ÿо˴Լķ䣬źصͷһԵĿſڣ˳ˣſȴѾ˺ܶ˶濴
ǡ

ͻȻ´һһ£漴ŵĵͷĿ֮Ļһ˲佫Ĵɵ⡣
һΣһΡ
϶Σ
أҪɵɡ
ʲô


135 
ֻǵҳȥȾƣҾĽٴȥ³˾ͳԳԺȺȣһĹеİԣȵЩƮƮȻˣ͸Ͻ
һ˯Ӧలµġ
һȺΧ𴲾ˣĴϾȻֹһˡ
½ǳģбӸţոѹŵʵ˵塣
ϰſһġ
Ǹ顣
鴩ŵ£½ҲǱһЩܿƬļһ¶棬˯ģģ
ǱոյĶŪЩˣ鲻Ķ˶һתͷ棬͸ˡ
ѾûϽָ˰˳Ŵ˳ȥ
һŵϹͽѾסԤõĲһҲûơ
ǷӦ˳Ѿþȫ˳ȥ
еĻ棬˱Ƴ֮ץס
֮ǰֺ˳ŴסֵϹ˼ҷҪ˵үǿ°˳Ҫˡ
ۿסˣҲ̫˴룬һҪҪĻ棬ү飬ֻȸ˳Žˣû档
ʵѾĬϳڷˡ
Ͼʱ䣬үеˣҲΪ飬ϹϾżˣ˵Ҫĳûлסмҳ˳žȥˣûˣ־Щʹȫһ飬ûУϹͿʼ޺˵ԼĻɣ˳źͶֻܴү
ǳûҰҪӲ룬ŪĴҴֲ
ǿŵģһȥҵ·϶ֹһˡ
ʱǶΪү˾ĳ˳
û뵽ϵȷˣȴǱү飡
ʵ˳ſͬĻ棬һ˵СܣºˣСܱùĴˣʹûۿҲһ֪Щʲôˡ
͸ոǻ棬ţ롣
ôԵı˿ԺλүĹϵ˵ˡ
һĻҰܣ˰ѲعصĹֱӴһ١Ͼôүķݣû˵ˡ
ԩүڳһñڳܣôá
ʱҲѶˡһͿŹȥĻ棬Ͻѯô¡
Ҳ֪סˣ̾˵˸ոյš
һ˹ȥ󣬸Ͻ׷ʵô¡
ֻܰԼһֱĻ˵˵Ȼ󰲸ʵүҲδǱǿȵġȥһͦˣ˵ǡ˳ţưˣ˵
˵Ҳż
˳Źڵϣᣬūšūֻ֪үһֱͦϲүΪȥͥ¥ˡ㡭°ɡ군ˣֵãԼһٴ϶ٲˡ
ͬ군˵Ļҹˡ
ˣΡΡҪӳŲƴ䡣϶ûʲôֻѹ˶ѡ
ڿµǱΧˣǸոմǰ˿ǵѾоԼһ̤ˡҪˡ
ҪŲߣһͷ͸һ˫ڰ׷۶ϡ
һûнϣ硭簡
硣΢΢һ
˫ˮתеˣȥʱ
´Ͻ·£ãһɻɡ
Ҳͷ˿·ȻȻĴá
ĵȻȷԼûʲôֵ飬˿ȵǸôڡ
˵˾ƣ㣬绹ˣ˾Ʒ裬ɴ˯ˡ
ȫ䲻ˣǰҲ˵ˣƷ裬ԺҪˣһ㶼ܺȡ
ǸҸ˵һ飬εĿڵǸȻ㱨һ°ɡ
ôˣҸոպһ´·һ˵
ЩΪİѸոյ˵һ飬Ȼģһʲô׼˵ġʲôû
粻ģֻС¶ѡֻǿҪˡ鿪ڵ
룬Ҳǣ˶ǵ⣬»Ϊǿǿ˳飬ϾԼⰡνЦЦûϵҪ
ЦͻȻñ⣬Ҿͷˡˣλǿ˺ܶһĸ졣
ĲΪʲô¶ˣϾĴˣʵҲľˣǾתʼ˵һȤˣоеܹᵽСѡϾϵֻƬͳԼ˵ϢҲܶԵϣǾͲỳɵϡ
ͷʾ֪ˡ
㡣
΢΢һЦðȻԼԺˡ
ͷɳ뿪ֻͷʱܸоﲻԣʵĴ඼һɫϵģֻǻвͬҲûзԼĴ챻˻ˡ
ЦһͱɫѹüۣʹͷɫԵЩѿһ
ֵЩѿ㣬ǸȻȥϴһ
˵ͼҴҵˡ
ǸУ·ʵĳǿѹʵ
Ҫεˡ
ǵʱˣǹȥһˡ
ʱǣɲ̫ѵϢȻô졣
ԭֺ׼ĵġǻֱӵĹڡ
˵¶öһˣľֻˣʵϹûѧһ㾫ʲô˵ʲôҲ֪һˡ
һ˶ûУߵмҶȥǱһˡ
Ǳߣֳ龹ȻҲˡ
΢΢üѾԤˣʱɫѿĳȽ
һȥͱǳ£
£ĸף֪϶ʲôҿԽ͡
ʲôô˿˯һ㻹ʲôý͵ġѵϣ̬ϡ
ǳ˯һ𡣡
ʲô
ǣҵ˼ǣǾǺֵͬ߰ˣĸףʲôû
ΪһżײһΣƽʱǡϲˣ֪гҶԼװҲ鰡ܣ԰Ŵ򷢣ںլˣһһôĺӣԭǶģôô˼ңϲ˼Ҳǿ˼ҰΪûгԳ۸˰ΪĺˣǸĳɷųߵ𣿿ǺӶ֪ѾĥûƢ
ͣȴ֪ηоԼǱԹԼϴ˺ܶ࣬ܶٹ̵ӡҲǻӰһ˵жϡ
桭ףûҲ˵ˣұܣҰҲδ֪ʱ˵ԼϲŮˣƸᱻɻѻп˶ֻһֲʲôĿĻ棬ˡó塣
ҵȻҪ
һãΪǰ˵㵵Ѫ飬ѵǱ߾ҪʳΪιɲ̫ĸף࣬ɱΪʲôˣڻʹаġ
ûѵһΪ˼ǰʱථأֻᱻѹŲֶ顣
ǳ鴤谡
ܿ죬񣬱Ҳܵ
ſڵ飬ίˣʲô޿Ըĸ˵ȻˣҲܹһġ
ĸס
죡
ֻһεĿ顣
һۣȻһ֪ôڵӡ
һ˲ɣͱ˳ȥ
ֱֻʣͶԳ顣
飬Է˵ˡ
ſڵĸȻѾȫ֪ٶһʵ֪²ԣˣĸ׷ˡ
⻰һֱӰͶɵˣԼжϺܺߵȫһ¶
㡭㡭
ĸҺͱⶼϴ£վ˾˺ĸҪףҾܾˣѾúø磬ǾĸҪȢӣҲ˵ʲôֻǱǲԸģĸʹĻΣȢһףĲǺ˼ҹҲȻȢˣֻҪҵһϯ֮أҶᾡܵػҡ˵Ҷ˵ˣҲңһЩۣȸˡ
ͶٴδסͿϹתҪ뿪
˼ֻ뵽׷ʣүȻΪףͲָ𣿡
ЦЦϾĴҺãҲͲǿʲôˣҾ˸ҪȢޱ
仰һʱɫѿ
УǾĸǣЩͺãó˵ʲô鶼ûз紫Ҳһ㣬ǵ;ȽϺá˵˳ȥ
һȥͿһʵô𣿡
ͷ˵˵ˣȫĸôˣʹʵҲҪǶڶæҲûס
Щյұûס
΢΢һЦǾͺãɡ
̬ȣҲ˵ʲôϸ˵ֻҪ⣬Ҳνˡ
ȵİнȥʱֻպΪҪ͵ֳˡ
Ͻͷ
̲ס׷һ䣬Ĳ𣿡
ոյĻ͵ͷȻȥ˵ɣ˵ףǻϣæµʵҲԣͲˡ˵һִ˵꣬Ĳϲ׷ʽһʶ˼ҹءδԼ̸ɡ
ļͷֻ̾һ뿪ˡ
żܽ
ֻܰ̾㲡أҺñֿˡүǶ䣬Σ˼ҹҲǶԵģǺƷҪˣҲ޲ģôһԱȣǳү֣˾úÿвŻſѡ֪֪Ȼֲ鷳ϸչүһһĺѡӣǱκ˶Ҫá
Ǳſӵ뷨Խ˵Խô£ĺͻȻоȻĲˣǿ϶Ҫ³鰡ҪȻԺôõİ˵Զֵء
ôһڣֵ֪ϺҪɻ¸飬;һҪסϱǧŪ˰ҪȻ˵ܴ˲г衣ֲð
ͬʱҲҪϸǣ˵ǹϵõıֵܣ黹Ը֪ͺã֪ˡ
Ӵ׵Ķ԰ֲΪɾܵڱô¼ɣû֤Ҳûӡ
֮Ϻ˵µ⣬ֱӸ˳ȥ
֪£ϺͱԺǶ֪һضϱ
ͳˡ
ҲˣֻǼؼ֪ǲΪʲô͸¶һ֣ͿԶЩҪ׵뷨ʡĶҲҰҰŮӵĴ徻ˡ
ǷһΧȦסһһ£εĽסֱвʧŻӵס


136 
ǰһջĳպÿԴ飬֪
ʮ˲˳Ժӣƽ渮й涨˭ҲԺӣԱ˲Ҳ
ȵϣܶˣ͸Ͻ·׼뿪ȴʮš
ǡǡ
ʮǲȥ
ҵֻӲĵȣڵȵ˳
鿴һۣͺµĹ
֪˭𣿡
ǡ⸮еıүΡΡ˵
ţ飬Ҷ֪鵭˵֪ʲô
ŵøϽͷҲģүҲ֪׻
֪ȥķ䣬ֻ֪ʧˣ㸸״˴˽ȥ鷳ıһ
ɫɷףΣͷǸ׺ͿǵĴ
ƽ˵Ϊ粻֪¸йأ֮˵飬˵ڶ콨췽ʮ츳δһΪܳĹҪܸʶ˵һĵ
ˣѾҪû֪үȻôֻһʱ֮Ȥˡ
۾ƻġǶв֮˵ͣκ뷨ҲͰˣϦദգûжйԽΪӦú
ʼֹסĲҡͷûУ֪үûУү䣬ôᡭ
֪ǱߵĴͬ㣬ҲҪ㣬ϸõӣԼ츳õĶͬΰ㡣
̲סʪۿү˴ȴò㺦үѵһ֣ȴ𱨣ֱҲ䣬Ҳ䣬Ҳ㺦үֻү
˰ɣƣ֪ôһȻȻһǲ顣Ҳ˭˵͵ûз
ŵĿųүԸ⡭ڣ
鵭һЦ㣬֪ҲǱõġ
ɴ۾ǵλүŭӣΪԼҪأѵԼԿˣүԭǺ𣿶Һ黹ӡ
ҲԣүǺˣүһıү϶Ҳ
ϽͷлҲôõү֪ô飬ֻ¸Ǳߡ
Ҳˡ鵭
һ㶣Щ˸Уȷûȥˣĺź᲻ǸҲ᲻˽Źˡ
Ը뿪Ǹ
㡭Ҫ𣿡ȵûЩڴ飬Ѿˡ
ҿָҲԶ㣬һǼϰ˽½һ㵱ϵķԸ⣿
·ĻƵģĿų顣
ЦҿЩͼֽǳԺ˼ĹʵԴɣ˵һô˷ĲŻأҺͱ֮µĹͬ˼ǻϰϵɷӣҪô춼У㲻ǱӶߣϰ֮һԾκҪ飬ǶغͳŵԸݰ𣿡
ȻſڵϣźҡҸα𣿡
ú÷Ĳܣһ죬ǻҪİǰųļ
ͬʱڴʧٵ⣬ȷҲˣֻܳѰˡ
ǾʱԺͻȻһ
շɹäһ
һˣôˣ
Ŷˣ߶ĳһǱҵˣСãһ׾ͱƣͼˣóˡ
äʲôģϵͳôڵĶ
ϵͳĽ棬һƷӣһָֻҪʶһ¾Ϳˡ
ҪԣͻȻϵͳѡ
ϵͳäгƷĸʸֵйأֵڵݶλйأҪõıأݶλһʱ򿪣⾪ϲŶ
ʲôʱôԻˣ
һˣõȻǵΪҪǵʱäˣʱ˵ʲôصĽָء
أϹѾײˣ˵˳
ҲûģҪһ£ʹһãȻĻˡ
Ϲȥ޲ҵǲǱүвˣǲ㻹ˣ
ף˵ʲôأȥ⸽Ĺǵ㣬ȥҸ˵˰ǲǺȺͿˣһεô㣬Ϊ˸
ųĻг顣
ֱߣѾȷˣҰشǱߣչŻ
ܹܡ
ֻܹҪ֤˵Ļαԩ޳Ҳûϵ㶯һͨˡ
רɱ̫йϵ𣿡
ֻɱ̫ܶӲڻ̫ӵˣ֪˵̫ӡȫ޹ߡ
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ЦЦῴ¡
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мҶһʼж
磬һ˶ֱһϹž쵽鲻ԣΪûиһ
أҶأ
Ǵˣֳ鷳ᰲڶɿڼϵģߡ˻ش
Ϲû취ˣֻܱߵıߣڰ·ϻǴˣϾʦģҪȻǻܶ׬һºˣ˶ңͷٸϰ״ǻʲôڽǱ߻찡
ϹǶҲҪһôһֱԺء
˻жΣһ·֡
ʱıԺſڣ¹
Ͻ˷δΰ˰ҽܹݡ
黺ˣصϺϰָݣũӣ㱻ͲˣΪݲ𴩣Ҫһεľ֮ǣҲҪǣϹӺͽܡ
ļ£ôΪﻮֻим͸жȥʲô
ҵĶˣһһӼס飬պţᱨǵġ
ųֺۣоܲˣǾǾ֮Ͷѡ
ҶԶͬ졣
ʵô㣬Ҳԭġ鿪ڵ
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ͻȻЦ÷ǳ׺ͣ磬İء
һ㶣ֻεЦЦ
ҡʲôҼү𣿡ȴ
𣿡ɶǵãʱ㲻̫ã˷˾ƣ㻹㻭ˮͼֽ㶼ˣ
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ʱ㻹Сƺ˾ˣ˴ߣҲʲô˰ɡһ̾ñһͼֽˣǵԵô磬ȻҪһѡ
ıãȻɼΣĶݡ
ԭҸүԵ֣ʱҾ̫飬СûмסԲүڼסˣԭʱʶˡ
ͷЦţԵ֣үòãһء
Ӹжˣǧл
ԶߵòĴָţţΪѴ飬㶨ˣԺ˭ѯʳƳ˵йôһξˡ
ͷȴûмʦǣֻ֮ǰعʮ
ʮһЩ̲Ȼȥϰɣһж㰲źˡҲˣˡ
лмĵлϸ
֪ҴɹˮոΪֻ¹ʶӣһ˽ʯѾݣٲϵĶȷǵݣϷĹܿͲ֮
ú󣬽⿪յܹܻûпʼôԸʹǱߵõϢǱһţϰһгˣ뻯ĹһӾ¡ˡ
Ѿ͵͵ʵˣ˵Ǹˡǵ˻뽳ʱȷ̫ӵˣҲȥǣ鷳ʱ
ܹܿеϣ˫ۿʼſգһжǺϵģû˵ѣԼԴΪݲ²ԪȼŵҲòٿš
ԪȼûлŻǡȫʬݴǲǲ֪͸ˣҲܻˣ


137 
ڶ񼯣3ɴƻ
˵ʱԺоͱĳ
ǳƣҪˡ
ÿ괺õӣҪȥֵׯڣʾµһкõճɣ
ֻҪʵ۴̫ȥͺˣǱҲǱͨһ̫ӡ
ξҪ֣֮ǰϢʱѾһЩš
һ죬Σ̵ǿ塣ֿγȻǻӺ꣬ŵҶϾͲ¶
һʼ벻룬ĻУܸЩͬһѵϰһͱȥϢˡ
ĻһСģųһǷǸͶ
ţܿ˴ҵע⡣
ԽֱӵȻҶ棬ֱԿɡ
ɱѵˡ
Ҷ²ҶԿǸȤ֮ǰ̫ѧϳԹˣҪԿˡʱ˽֮󣬴ԹԵϰһӶ䵱ԱȻԼҲҪϳġ
ܿһͿʼˡ
ΪʮƣﵽʮֵһǻʤԱеúܿ죬ģҶӮ
ڴҶƣʱ̫ӶĻӵĶٴζϡ
һѵóҲϳʾ̫ҲҪһ֡
ȻҲҪڳϣʵƻܼ򵥣۵ʱһСˤŽǺ顣
ҪľԪˡ
ҪʼͻȻ̫߳
һϼݵ
ӭ
Цʵ˵һȤıҲ뿴˭˭Ȱ
ǰػ
ֱǼɡ
ʱӷǳ¶ֱǰʣȫµķʽҲµĹ򣬶Σ
ӷӦʱ򣬻Ѿˣò˵ӲӵóҲΪû˼һָϲ
Ҫʼˣֻʱ򣬻侭ߣ˵һ仰
ɫ˱䣬վԶЩֻܺĿš
һʼʱ̵ų֣ǵŵţԪǻǺ
һߴһãȻĿų顣
ֻǸһ͵
ܿ죬˻ǰʥԡ
ϿúܿģʱˣֱӴȥ԰磬ҲΪյĴǰһ
ֱһ£л˵
ʱڳ˵һ仰
и֣
ʵԭðһԣǻ䶼˵ǸˣԼһᱻֻܵȴĳײ̫ӱûйϵϧԪһֱôСˣսԼʹҲǾ󣬱˱ţԳһᶼûУֱ
֮ûС
ҡҡͷûˣ԰ҪĻӣ̫̫ԶӽˡҪѡֻܿûа취øǱ붫ֻǡ
֪˼ķվ̫ˣĿ̫ԡ
ƵһֱǼۼһȻȻķ˾ͲìͷָĻӣԪ˿ԣⰲȥ˺ͲУױ鵽˿ʧܣϾ̫ߣôһûˡ
ľҲ벻õİ취Ȼڲʮ־ʧܣʧܴĻʧܻʮֲʹǻбİ취ͺˡ
ǰ԰׼ҹµʱ·һš
ֳխȵӺĻӣͳѾϵʱԪǺʹӲš
Ȼͳһ˳λ⣬˵Ӧ̫ӵߣǴӺá
ҶӲ˭Ҳ˭
ôֱǧѷĻᰡһƣˮ㶼Բŵˡ
һתͷ飬ͷֳҲˣȻҲ뵽һ㡣ֻϧվλʵڲ㣬ԲԪǱߡ
վλͺܺãͳһۣ˲䷴Ӧ̧־ҪסȻֹʲô
Ѿ֪뷨ˣ֪λãԸðգһͦյģǹˣ˵ĶλԼ
ȻҲ²ûбİ취𣿶ǹϵԼ񰡣
Ҫ֣ǳȴôҲɿ񻹱
ۿٲ־ûˣ׼һʱ˦飬ĻֱӶ˹ȥȻһĵСģ
ĻӱĻУԼȥһӾײĳϡ
ǰ̫ӣʱҲײһݣɹˮ
ʱһƬɹͨˮһţˡ
ˮػǳˮԺã֪һԪҲȷôͶһҩ衣
裺20
û뵽ȴôãǻǵҡ
װȥԪǣеԪ°ͣˮ棬ʵԪǺˮʱ򣬸ιҩ裬ҩ軯Ŀ죬ʱңԪҲֲˡ
ܿ˶鱧ıĬһԲոǳˮġ
ûգһۡ
ȴһðɣԼðòĳˡ
ΪϾڲԶܿѶϽȥ·ϾֻǴ죬ǻᶳ˵ģοǸոΣһĺҲһ£ü˶̫ˡ
·ҩ̫ҽš
ϾڴϢ
û·˶ˣ̫ҽһһ顣
Ҳʼ׷ʵ׷ʲô
ŵõһֱָƵңҲײ̫ӵ£̫ӵˮһǹġ
ҲϽ˵£΢ȷ΢Сײ˳̹ӣŵºġ𷣡
ֱϵҪŭĻʣǵģǵʱҶϼҺ˭ˣܵʱҪţУͰ˳飬ȻԼ͵ȥˣŻײ壬Բ⺦̫Ӹġֻ⡣
΢΢ü˭
࣬ܿͳһĴ𰸣ǵȷһƺĻΣգȻŷһ⡣
ⳡԭ̫ӺʹӷҪһ棬Ҳ
ŭҲȵһģһôˣ̫֮ӷҪ
Щ⼸ϾˣСϾȥԴ˻϶ϰΪˣЩͷ۵ķŶͷǰҲˡ
̫ˮɲƹԭҲҪͷģͳ嶼ʮӡ
ȥʱ򣬾̫ҽ˵̫ӵ²ԣǷˣΪԼ̫ӣɫͱˡ
Ͼһ䣬ɵյĴ䣿
ԪʾԼû¡
̫ҽҲֻܵյˡ
¶죬Ҳֻ̫ҽӽƣԪǼ̾ͻضϣԼϲϴ䡣
ʱѾڳʴˡ
ԭֻ˵ʮ԰˴ļϵԴ´߶
룬ԼͳһηĴҲأӦֻ֪Сʹ룬ԲֶصġԼʹûлʹҩҲ
û뵽һȥһ㱻ˣȻһ̧ͷҪǰĳ飬һڲҽо͸Լȥ
ͻȻӿһĪĳ嶯Ϊˣڡǰˡ
ľ£Աߵĳ嶼ҪһˣҲһûԣΧ۵˶ɵľ̾ȴ֪ݶҪҧˡ뺰ôͻȻżƵģóĲҽء
һ֮ǰѾιȥˣһ£оڷ̣»·ҲѾʪˡ
£˸ϽǰһӾͽס˻
Ѿˣ۾˿飬ȴ۾е졣һ˲Щݡ
ʵǺۡ
㶵Ŀ۵úˮ˫ۻϣȥȴܡ
鱳Ͻ˴ȥĻҲҽæתϾĻҲΪһΪȥĸԹϺģ÷֪Ǽƻģ˵ı䶯ҲΪͳĻˣֻϣһ˳ɡ
ѹʱ򣬾͸оƨ쬵ġ
ܵľҪһ£ڲڣһӾͱץסˡ
ãȻۣͿࡣ
𶯣ոϹҩҪһ
ҩһ
ƨɡ
һŵĸϽҪס˼
˵˱𶯣ôԶ˵˺棬ſšеɳƣȴǳ
侲εĿų飬ҡҿɲƨɸ˿š
һˣһ˿ʲôϵһ˵ţһתȥҩȡ
ȴ仢֮Ūˡ
һϣƨһϡ
ΪʲôͻȻо΢


138 
￴ҡȿȡĶҪԼĿˮǺˣϴ϶ҩҲûп
ĺ棬Լûп
ҩ鵭˵
ʲô˸ӲˣҩҩͯԸ̫࿴Ҳ뱻ʲôΡ
ܣչ˲Ӧõ𣿸οΪҲܵˣҸø𡣡˵ţѾҩݵߡ
Ҫ˵ǵߵҩҲòȣֻǿ̧ͷϽȥŵÿյô˵ΪأΪĻӣΪδ
ΪҡҵĴüͷҧڵ
ڵޱȵĺڡӦٶ취ģΪǼ򵥵飬һʩȻɣҪٶ򵥵鶼հǰ˺ǽ粽Уȴ֪򵥵ҲеùĲãźˡ
ҪСģٽһС
ûзˣҪԼ˵ʱҲһ᲻ᶯ֣ͷʵ
ĿĿ
򴽵϶ᣬǵʱˮ㣬㣬壬ŵסʱûƿȫ֣˭ɺ鰡ҾͲҪˡ
ʵ֪ǳ鱾ܵϰߣķʽѾôûȴɹʵ͵ķʽĿءֻҪﵽõЧһ̤ԨҲ⡣Լı׼ȴҪ˵ı׼ԼһﵽĿģȴ
㣡ͻȻƵģֱصķҩ룬ڷһأŻصߣڵӣоҪƵġ
鿴Ŀƶ棬ϣݺύѪۣһŰУȴóʹ
𡭡ˣҪţҲܹ˲ʱιۣҲҪӵ𣿡
㻹֪ҪӣЩȻΪʲôͲҵȻһõİ취һõ˵ǣ˵һٰӡ
ǡ𣿡һˡ
һ㶣ͻȻԼô˵ʵθ޷жôһ˵ȫ̷ŬƵġ
ðɣҳϣ˵ˣҿҲҲܵĳͷһ
Ȼһˡ
Ŀһ֣ҲˣҴӦĸҪƽܹˣ
ôˣ˰ҶСˣֶܱסĶߣһиϹӸһܷأֵáҵŮ˺òãȻԸⱻģ̫ǻоʮֲڡҿųķӦҲ鰡ʵ󲿷ʱΪԼɡ
Ŀ죬
һôֱӽдˡ
ҵĻ𣿡
ܿ£˵۾Ҳֻ˵ĳ̶ȣ۾ġ
ѱĵͷ
ؾһ¶ˡ
ϳûߣ˯ϣʱͺʱҪʣѾˣǲУǾͷƻ
ʵ۵ܲˣһһģоǶۡ
ȻʹǾûҪֹҩ3
ܿͲˣڿ԰˯ȴȻˡ
ĬĬһҪ˳Ļ͵ʴס
ڶ糿ԺоԼĸо˳弤ĳЩ󡣲ſŵģԺܿˡ
ڸоĺ档ʱ㤻ͷһֻһ˫ʲô
㡭ˡ
ȴһŵǵĻͷ㣿
ֻһ仰Ÿ̾ԺƮ
ôСľͿҩˣ
ôֱִ˵ĺأ
ⲻ԰
˷Ӧ̫߳ˡ
ԼԼ
Ϲ˵ʲôأⲻ𣿰ƣ㶯һ¶۵ʱǿߡ
Ҳۣһ㶼ۣ
Ұɣڷ㿴ˣҪ㾫˫ָ鰡
⣬䣡
𶯣ŭˣôۣܲ·ķ䣬ͿҩеԺӶۣҲܱȳõȥ
ܣ˯εʱͿҩǰˣһУ˵Լۡ
⾿жǿ
֤Լֱۣ׵ٶҾͰǹ⣡㻹ߣ
һ˲䣬ˡ
̫ˣĲۣôͿҩ˶Ҫ϶ȥˡ
ˣóҩģҲֻǿ
оԼĸоŪˡ
ˣȻˣֻϽ¶ˡ
ֿʼϸͿҩǻעϺҲ֪ۣԼʲôʱأҲֻܹ۲һϵϵļΪ׼ˡ
ȴĲ𽥺ˣһֱ쵽˶ҲǺġ
ô
ǵһݹ裬ʵҲô߰ɡ
ţͻȻ쵽ԣӴȵķ϶ʲôǼпǡ
һ٣ҲһЩˣѹӦôҡ
ȷϲԼԼͺ
ԭΪô۵²г䷴Ӧû뵽ӦҲǺ۰
ѵ
һѵһȽзӦ
⡭⡭̫ˡԼûȺã
ȻϲȼɣԺٳԿ
̲סʣԭͿҩһҲò
Ϊ˲ܿҲǺܿ
Ϊһ㣬Ͻת˻⡣
ˣǵļƻɹˣ̫ȥˣ˴ȥ
ԪһֱάŲĸ£ԭûɶ£Ϊ̫ţŪĲˣһҹδߣϻ
ӣԳˣԪٲԸҲֻɻּɴӶϡ
һϣĻǷϹأ̫ӲȥɳУһɲܳ˭˭ˡ
ӺĻӣԼֻ̫ڻʹˡ
ڻһϽǽҲԽˡ
ͷѾúˣϢɡ
ƺƵĶӾǳӵһô⣬ҫоүĻᣬһӦܵһС
·߹򵹵ǣһȷԼҪʲôϵ̬ԵӢ˲ˡ
ͬʱѾڹ߷ߵж
ʱӦðѴҲ߽ˮСӱ
ʶ佾ꡣȰο誣ô
һ̫Ӹ֮ͻδǻ¡
ͷҲô룬̫խʲģһһ֮С
˵ţͻȻĸš
ӹһʱü𾪵̫Ǳ߰д̴顣
Ӻ誶һ£ǱϢ誵ĸס
Ǿ춯ǳŽȥģǴڶسǵʱд̣òǶġ
誵ĸҲȷֻڹȷһ£ǲ⡣
誸׵˼ǣ̫дˣǾ˾ȼݣûҲץ˱ƹȡһ̨̫еʱҪ¾ͱѧץסʱݼŵġ
һӾͱһƻ
ӶЩסˡ
ȥ顣
û˵ۿӾҪߣסҾΣ̫Ӳô嶯飬ֻΪһðд̻Ϻʹӣ̫ߵıʿˣҪȻôܡ
ֱ˦誵¾̫ѶϣҲգհǰ˺ģôϴһǰŵ𣿶ðˣıʿҲҪģҪҲʲһЩʿңŪĻһЩҲУ˭֪лһĴ̿ôܽҲ²ⲻӳڶİˡ
£δ̫ˮʼܾͲˣҪȻôôɣȰ»ǽΪãɲ롣
Уȵ飬˵˵Ͳˡ
ֽĵĵȷʧΪһ
ĸҲáż
誣վŮӣѶϣðյģҲ㣬еʱϸҲҪһǻȿǱߵڸʲôɡ㸸ǱϢܲаɡ
ɫѿҲ޷ٶˡ
ã˷˵Ԫǵȷ˹ĳˣɱȥˡӦҪһЩ¶ˣǴΪ̫ӶĳɴȥŻ鷢
誱ʾǿɣϾϢ
ȴþȥֲǸʲôȥҲ
û誵Ȱ˵İ
ܿ죬Ͼ˴Լ˸ȥ
ãҪػʳˡ
ٴ·⡣
ͻȻǰϻ㱨Խ
ôˣǴ̿ͣ
΢ֻ֪̽ȷв԰ΧȦķʽΧ
ߣȫǶ֪޺ʹӻ·ⲻдʲôԽ
ڣ
ֱӹȥ޵Ҫôعء
˵أͻȻһŻϵȻܿͱڻߵԽ¡
ϴŭԱߵةߺд̿ͣݣӸϽߣһֳźӧǹһҪϵӡ
ȥ׽ģ
䣬·ϱд̣Ƿǳ飬˵ϵĲ
ԴӶԣҲڴǰ̫ȥû£껻ˣ
һŭȻҪѪܿ˿ɱ
ȻӲĽһԽŴŲʮ˻ϸǰ
ʮ˶ɵˣϣҲ˵ֻ࣬Ӳš
ֱԽȥ£ǴĲҹ£ܻǵǺηʥ
һȺ̿͡ˡ
ĶŰȫء
ȵϻصʹǱѾٲ˽ЩȻҧ˵ϵѾ֤Դϡ
͹ȥ׼ȼݵĺ֡
һֱӱ˴̿͡ΪǽûνĴ̿壬ֻϵһȺˡ
ŴѶҲɵˣȥϡ
ոչ׼߾ͱеһ϶ŭˡ
ϸɵĺ£ôҪˣ
ԩ£
Ѿ֪Ϣĳڻȥ档
ٿ֤һٰûа״


139 
£ԩģ˭ķʽдأǵõϢҪǱд̱£ʶǣֲ빬ֻ˴ŸҸϣȥæݣ鱾ܾһᡣƽʱΪ˰Լʹʱ޵滨Ҳκϧֻоֹ롣
ݣǻӼܣһҪ䵽޵ǰˣǵĻݣԾɱŭѡ
ʣĸûƭģǾʣôܸɳزݵ飬ȫûЩ˵ȷȥ׼ݵģ˶Ըһһб˴ڣʣԩҪǲЩҪʵĶ˵óѰӷڵϿߡ
㵱¶ǷͰļרѵϾôױ͵Լݺ𣿾Ϊһ޷֤ʵϢĹޣôɴֱ֪˹ǵǻǴ̣ʲô֤֤
ӦԻϵʣӶǿ߼ӷ񶨣һҧΪ˻ݡ
ķʽʱӶ񣬸û뵽ʲôӦ֮ߣֻӻ侲誡Իϵֻ˵յд̵ϢŻҵжԼҧԪǣõӦԷʽ
誵˼ܼ򵥣ֻҪ侲ͻףǲȥд̣ǿϣô޴飬˵ֻȥһ´Ӷд̺ԻӦû˵ȥȼݵ飬ֻ̰Ҫͣ»ûԲ˽жȴһ޻ǵ̿͡
ǵΪڽ޴ĳɷеĻͿԵõһˡΪ޴ҲǱݺģֻҪ˵ǱȥȼݵľС
ȻֺһƺҲ侲ŭҲûôʢˡ
ϱʹȻ㱻ŭǣűߣϸ֮£鱾ɵءǵǱݺǱĿľͺѷֱˡ
ʱԪǼҴҵĸˡ
ԭ͵棬Ͼ֮ܺһһ񽻻ڿлĽ
ԪǼʵʺһûˡ
ôԪǰͲش֡һбһƳûˣʻһйеʶء
Ԫɫ΢䣬ǰһյӶ˵һλ׬ˣҵ٣ݺݿһ£
˲ԪһۣԼˣԼģùҲԼģͷβһϵûС
ԪΪŭճ鶯ԼģԤıúʱʲôδءҿɲôɺϡ
ӺЦһԼùֱˣҲ
ԪȴζЦһðɣҵù٣ҲûʸӣⲻˡүϿɡ
˲䱩ŭԪѾϻˣиҪҪ
Ӽֱȥסأ
Ԫȴ˵ֱ˽ȥӼҲ󣬽롣
̫Ĵ˽ڸ
ѹסƢǽʲô
ӸϽ¸壬ԡ
αֵĲϲδ˵ʲôĿתԪǡ
壬ǻĸֶģ˼˵ͬСɣĻ˼ֶ飬˴ΰֱƽ˸ʹϰ
˻һɫͱˣǶݺݵĿԪǡܹһ¸أ˸ʹ£ǽξͲö֪ˣϾ±˸ȫԪڵĳһˡ̫ƫԪǺС̻ʺѵҪˣ
ûдɱĶҲûлݵ֤ݣݶԻϰȫıϣɴɱܷŹ˸ǼпԴɱ
Ժж誵Ҫǣҧ̫ӣԲܡ
ǿҪصԪǣǲܳƿ
˲Ԫǣ㺦ң壬Ϊ㲻Ӵȥ䣬ʶд̵ңǲŻᰲȥȼݵģȫƵģҪд̵߼޻ǣ
ӵָϣڳ˶¶𾪵飬Ͼ֮ǰӿȫûᵽԪǡ
Ԫ壬Ҳһ»ĸ˼ôңҪˮˣҿԩûȥɴ䣬Ҿ͹ԹԵڸܻ콵Ҳ̫ҧˣ
ԪԽ򶨵ӣӣŭɶˣǶ²⵽ǵһԪǣô˸ա
˿Ѿȫ誵ĶֱӰо˵˳ηд̵ļηֶ춯ȫ
Ҳ𾪲ѡ
ȷһεд̾͸СƵģ˵һ治ĻĴһҪд̵飬һȱŶԣ˵д̣˵ݣϾֻҪԭĻϲԱɡ
ôһ룬ȷܴһϣϼҪֳ֣ôһ
ӲɵĿԪǣϾ˵һжúܴܲյһдϢȥݰɣǶԷͷСɳ㣬ǲŻŶԷһô̶мơ
У̫пһ֮һЩΪģֻҪֹΪΪԼˡ
Ϊ棬ɱдˡ
͵͵ϵɫȴΪ֪ɵĸоôӶɵĻԼķǲǴˡ
ͬʱԪѾҪɽˡ
ȻȺ˾͵ҧˡ
߻㱨˵ڵռ֮ǰֵ֤ݣҪԴͷָ޻ʱĴһЩۼҪȻһָôԩݺˡ
ûȷ˳ȥˣҲ׼ڶسǵʱһЩңĿȻҲԴӣŪһЩõۣô򵥣ǿ϶ע⵽ʲôҪƾͼݺû뵽г⣬ԼԼˡ
ԼùˣǻģҪˮһŪãԪǾҪϺڹԪôԸϽ̫쵽ּϽＰʱӦԡ
ǺƣԼĴҪһԭУҾѡ壬ֶ±ҧ顣Ԫ˵Ѿˡ
û֤ݣֻΪӵҧ̫ӵ£һϺڣǳϻ֪Ҫôء
ʵʹ£Ѿˣ뷨һʵпܾӺ˵
ǡ̫ûвУûбݺҲܵûд£ϹעصѾˡ
ֱֱɨӣ˿ߵĸǻΪϲǡ
ջԪǺʹӶ£εİԪвҲûƫӺҲôΪģ֮ۻϸصĴҲֻھ㵿־֮ҧšΪǾǻܸõİˡϾϡƫġǣҪסǡ
ӱشʮ壬£ΪλڸеϹԱʹĶ롯ϻΪлƳļֱ֧ӱҡֳͷҪһ֮»Щ̣ҲûҿʱˣֻСͣ˱Ϣ档
誵ּ֪ʱ˶̱ˣȻ֪ѾǲдˣĵѾˡ
ŻĹĸΧһϢ߿ŭƫƫΪǵĹùûʼҧһ˵ûֹǣһ˵誸ûеŻᱻ󵼣ǲԼԭ򣬶Ǳ˺ĸҡ
誽ѯΪʲôҪҧ̫ӡ
ĸ誸ʲô⣬ʱǻǣȥ˸ڻ֪ܲܳ
誺ûȥ
ʱֻü棬ȴûʱͣû뵽ǲһ
ʵ˸߶ûϵģǺôϣûƾʵݵ£˸ôԴͨԴأֱӼϵķһʼҲǻηģԸĶô
֮ǰ誾˵ϲɵȻͨеࡣֻҪʱһҵЧУҲһ¼ͷһ¿ܾ͹ȥˣԲҵľءϾϱԼźдҲʲôʵ飬ҳȻѹѹ
һҧ̫ӣ˵ȫ࣬ͱˡ
ֱʱɻǲΪص̫ӣҪҧôû϶໳ɣܸǣ飬̫пǻϻˣôỤǣ
Ǿһı޴ĸӺˡǻǣ޶ڳͽϣԭ뵽ĳͷҪأһжΪĸϴ˻ϵۡ
ԪȻص㣬صһڶʲô
ڣһ߰æͿҩһ߸˵
ΪͿҩԭȻýȥֻվ㱨
ε飬κв룬ΧĴּ𣬲ߡ㱨˽ΪʲôҪ;ȥԪǡ
ԪΪռ֤ݾΪҧ
˵㵽誻Ȱ˵ӺɲҪҧ̫ӣ˳⣬ǳԪǹȥ͵˫رգȷһҧ̫ӣ˵ȫࡣ
ĿĴһδɱΪϾϲ׾ܲµǱݺġ
صѵǻ϶Ĵļɻ䣿·ζʲô
Ҵĳ˵ĵΪڡ
ʵһʼƴӴԪǣ˫ìܿʼĿһ塣
ƾԪǵ˽⣬ʲôһ⣬Ԫǲ£ȥҲϡֻǺԪǻӣ׼͵͵һѴӣȴԸϣΪԪд̣ǾͿȥȼݡ
ʵϣûд̣͵ڻǰĵ·ȻةԽϽ¾תĲ̿ͣϵΪͱ¶ǰּ򵥵ɹǻӣ
صʵһֱǺ档
һҧԪǣȻ˵ȫ࣬ǾͲΪһ翵Ϣ޴жôˡǻϵĹעصһд鱾תƵһھڻʳڶ˶ֺΪʲôͻϵûзֵ飬Ϸˣ֣ɹ˶ڻϵıؾ֮·Ͻаţһеһж֤ϵ̫
֪岻ļֶӴ󡣵Ҳλε¶ڻǰϵлкβͬɵдΪϸӼɻ޷죬ΪԽȨľٶûϸоԼʱ̱ƿţԱͼɻĴĻϸ޷̡


140 
ûһʵԸⱻƿء
ǲ֪˵塣
лҵôûġ
ڳ£Ҳײ˸лһ·ȷӦʱ򣬻Ѿˡ
ȻһֻϵİҲˡ
ϲҪ谮ĻӣҲΪɱ³çΪĴˡ
ʵϲǳҪһԸĶ
ԭƻֻΪһЩ壬ôһ㱨˽ģǾͶһƣֱϵù
ԵĽʱЩȻԭпЩ룬ʱϺûôҡ
Ҳڵ϶ѾǴɱ¼ˣʵһóͷôأû뵽һôңҿǺҲˡ
Цһ֪ڱһУ˵лǣϾǸһϵĽڡ

ϳˣ
Źڣ̫һڲ裬ڵ
лĸϹ
Ҳûʲôҧ̫ӣΪ̫֮Ц
ϵһЦûм˵ǿѾˣʵϾ̫ӲҪңϵ֪̰Ҫ̫ӵĵΪݻд̣ǿл»ûϵĳ谮Ľ
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Ի϶ԣͬɽǰͷѣһѾϣʵϵڻеʵûϸоġ
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鲻ɵĺ˼Ժоһһˣǰ
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Ǽ죬оԼ˺üٺ춹߷öСĪһЩֵҩ࣬һΪԼǲǱ¶ˡܿעͱתˡ


141 
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ǴǵӣĿԣտʼǵ񲿡
ԸͬʱҪԸµȫɻȨƿص񲿾ͳ˳ѡ
ΪˣĴ󲿷ʱ䶼ڼſŵģյʱԼжҽ顣
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ϵͳѣŴûлĳ飬һǲԼˡ
һΪԼ˲жڶΪԸǳԼļƻҪة࿴֣Ҫة֪ˣǹƶҪϳյĿˡ
һֱ˵ǸĻӣԶԸжȻҲ޷ΪʲôҪôˡ
иƻԼ֪ϾԼҲֻһˣǡκϵͳǲԼż١
ϵͳ㿴ҶˣҾӦòѣԭкֻռ̵ܶƪһ˿ԵģҾͲȥ¶ˡ
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ϵͳʾ񷢲ȥߣصصԱӦͻԼʱܷĹ񡣡
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142 
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ڴʱʲôײƵģѧֱӼһȥɽСˮأǳȻᱻ͵ȴ˽ʵʵײ˳صף۵ѧӲҽȻˤĲᡣ
Ҳ⶯Ūһ㶣۽߿ȥͼȺ鷳Ƶɢ¶˼ɽߵ
һӰˮرߣҲˣżѽһʱû·ôö˶˵վڼɽϣվȵĵط㵱ǴĹ𣿰ԣҸõǸҿﲻסˣˣ¶ң
˵꣬ͲӦȺֱӳų˹
㶵ĿЦüɫ飬ɱ˷·һůƵġҪ˵˺һϽ
˵ͺɹһ㣬ų־ͳһɱȥ
ֻܺߵĲҽԼ˸ոշӦľ
鿴ŽԼ֣ԼǰܵӰһ㱡
ֱǰ˿ƲסЦ漴Ϣͣ½ŲƺŻعȻ˵ɿץ֣ЩεƺҪԼƨɣʶǿŻֲò֣Թվ˼룬Ҫǿתȥ
ͻȻǰһֱӴӺ汧ס
ܣһ
𶯣ովұܣ˻˰ɣҷ㣬𶯣һ۾ȥ˾ͺˡ
ȻߣҲ̫࣬˵ʱϢеĺ󲱴Ū̲סһ
ǡ
𶯡һ
һ£ѾǷǱţأgaygayãһŶûˡ
ų΢ͳ̲סһᡣ
ʵҲһοˣչԼѹֻĽڣȻҲֻܼװ֪οˡΪ˲εЦѽ鷳ڵȷЩվסˣͷˡ
ĳᣬ̲ס˱øոյһв춼ΪУеֻл˷·ůϢοӰ첻ˣǿԡԪȼάл̲סϲݡ
ǡһûˣˣպΪһ˿ݱסˣͽһºˡ


143 
ոʱ򣬲ûȺ֮⣬ǲı顣͸о౻˺ݺݾһƵġЩǻܵԪȼǴֱըѣοǵأ
ڵĳ鱻˾飬ȫħڰ״̬ԷױһЩˣһ룬͸оԼеˡ
Ҳ֮䣬Ƚ׽ԳŻһɡ
ǡⱧҲ̫˰ɣ촭ˡ
ųֱۣáˣܣվסˡ
ɿԾɷ֣תߣö˶˵ģôģӦڼ𣿡
ûոάԪȼ飬Ͼ֮ǰ̫ӵµ裬Ķܺ
ȥң˵飬Һܺո֣ء˵ʱ̲ͫסһ£Щģ֪û
ҡ졣
֪Ӧǿƾװ飬ˣ
ţˡ
ǡȥ˵⻰飬Ҫˡ
֪ԼԲԣܻᵼ¸ʧܣܻĻٶ᧿ΣųüĿ续ᣬһˡ
ڵĳĻ
ܵΪᣬԭһҪڣĻŹԵĻ
ԼҲìܣԾЩŵĿų顣
ѯʣЦ˵ֵ𣿡
ôңҪˣ
ĲЩȻκж֮ദҪ
Ŭѹǣ˵Ҫſѵһĳһɡ
ΪģԼߵչĲˣˣһɡ
뵽Ըһ𿴿ƣǳӦòΪδõĻ䣬ǲɵһȡ
Ȼ֪С˼ʲôвɵĸӲˡ
һԥ֮£Һ˹ˡ
֮ǰǸһֵģͿݡûȺп̬չѧȻǽˣһûʶϸոһз̫죬͸޴𣬶ѧӾˤ˶ѣûʲôˣī԰˿֮󣬾Ͳܴˡ
ǳɹˡ
ֻصС䣬Ҿ̲סȡЦոðʧΪ
˵ʲô̫ӲõĻ̲סƽĶۣѵƵĲҾǿ˵е˱˻ԡ
ҶԴ˵Ǵֵģ֪˵ҾƵͦã˵ʵ̫ʱĲŻȷܵ֪һСŶɲȫ̫Ƶġ
һҲ֪ͺ𡣡Ϣ˵̫Ӱ
Ц֪Ϊʲô𣿡
һᵽȻǾڿˣЩС͵飬ǳȴûΪӦ
˿ȣ֮ǰ˵˾飬˵оĲ̫á
ȴԻԾ綼žﻹ̫ӳģ̫Ӹī԰Ҳ£Ȼɻ䣬ͦģϾҲͦ˻飬ȴսδ֣Ϊδؽڵȷˡ֤һƷиеŮӣټĲòֱһī˲ͿԵģܵ˻һҪԭΪһĸƶǳУΪһ㣬ܴһīнסġҲһ֮ˡ
Щ֪ˣɵסˡ
ͷѹˣǶ»ԼӦþϵˣԲһ
Ǻͺǳˣī԰Ҳһμѻϧˡ˵
ԭеȷ˵˾Ԫȼһ飬Ԫȼ뵽ﲻЩĸо̲סȥˡ
ھ쵽ߣϲҲϰעӣδע⣬һЩƵó鲻òעˡ
ôˣ
ץЩεһֱ˵ôʲô𣿡
΢΢һ㶣ʲô룬ͻȻ־òףԺ¶ݸһˣɵôİԵʱòʹӰɡ
룬δȻ̫ӸӦòɣԵţϾʱ㣬ʱ̫Ӧæˮ飬Ǳ߾ɧ⣬ֻּͻ飬ҲʹҴҼһˡ
ڻУô˵Щô֪㿴ˣЯָ϶ͨ
ЩͷͨǰԺͺԺƲôΪʱĺԺī˾ס̫Ȼ棬ֻǰĵطѣƾǺġ
˵ĺʵӣҶûˣҲͷҲǡ
ЩȵĿų飬˵˵Ӧġ
漴ת˻⣬˵Ͽ顣
˵ţһЩԱ
Һĳȥ
һܽ˵ͻȻ˼֢ˣһλд
һЩԭݣǶԴЩˡ
㿴ͺãô࣬ѹ۵õ˼֢Ҳǵù㻻УҲڹôõ
̾һ߶ͣͶˣҲ֪ϲء
ҿֻ֪ͷɣٳ֮ԲʮֻһС̲ס²۵
̲ס˵Ҳ״Ԫ
ɴ۾Ϊȵǻܻ
ʵƽƵģֻϧ˵ֹ
죬ûɶӡ󣬵֪δԪȼµ飬ԪȼԭһڰܰһҽôǿҲܶǺڻСˣ෴ʱԪȼݣ޳ġ
ͰڸҪְλĹԱǰһͳǶԪȼη壬ֳʵʵԼĸλԼ飬νӢۣ͹ԪȼڼֵͳκһԳ¼Ϊ˴
һô˵̲ס棬ϧʲô̲첻ùٳ𣿡
棬ͽ͵˵˵״Ԫһ꣬þһ鵱٣Լ׳ɵ˵һĿѧӣΪ״Ԫ˸ǵմˣųûб֮ȻҲ͸ˡԭһаãֱ
ԪȼԴվԪȼ˵һ仰һڱˡʱķʽٵ˺ܶ࣬ʲôϡ顣
һλԱʱ˺ܶĵ»ʻģֱγε飬Ϊ׽֮ˣȻжõĹˣô֮λϺţĵڡ
ԭǲٳǵ͵áҸ̾
ԥһ²ſڵȻʵΪ̫˵һ仰һǱ˾ٱˣŻᱻᣬٱڵ飬˵֪һεûеﱻĵطΪغ޶ա
üô˵ܿǱݺġ
Ĭˡ
Ұֵɲ˵Сĸǽжһ뵽ĸ
ǰϵһ¾ͶˣӦ𾴶ʦģһεơȻδ֪ԲΪ뿪Ӧǰ˼ñС
ǵۣȫûв룬һΪ忼Ϊʦ𣬳鲻⣬֮ʶʱϾС
ӹܵСҲǳһʼѡõѡ
һͻȻš
ȥţͿһСվ档
С˼˶࣬΢΢ü빫ӣ롣
һ㶣ˣ
ӹСС˽͵
ͷӦ£ͷҴһкˡ
ʲôɵɻ
ȴɵĹǣʡ
ҿ˿ÿֻ˵ʱܸоԼĲڣɵҽھˡ
ʣҲܸɵȣʹȥˡ
̫ѧ飬Ȼ֪ڴˣǰʰҲǺ
ī԰ԲϵĴǳãŵľƫԶԶӵԺ䡣
ϻȻǳİţԲϿЩȵġԭΪǸȷƻɶȣôһˣ
˰ݼ˲ϣȲ졣
ܸо˵ǺаģҲȥ˼
˵ŻһƮɵĶ˶ӣƢζ˶ֻ㣬ϸƷλеī㣬ĺܺšȻ︴գī԰л෱࣬Ҳûд˿̵һζš
תͷ򳨿Ĵš
ͻȻһһٻӰǰ
΢΢һ㶣һʱе㷴ӦˣΪǰλŮӾ˵òǵݡ
һλʶŮǲӨ
һλȫûм֪òŮӶ붼Ǹйصġ
ٻӰ٣ԭĲӨѾǿһˣŮӣȻܸӨƽɫܷ궼ϲһ١
ѾЩµ˵ˡ
ɵת飬飬Ժʱ̾ϵͳʾ
ſҲ˶٣Ͻ
Ҳһ£ƺ뵽ʲôɵĿ˳飬ǳ˺һֻ񣬲ûӦ·ǿʶһ
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ްϵ
ӨмˣȻҪڳʶһ£ҪȻԵЩʧˡ
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λī԰ˣ𾰹
пһ£̲סҪˡ
ǳԾǿ룬ͷʾ⣬
Ҳ͵ˣϴڲ²¶ʲô˸жݵɣҲڲ֪δһʮ᲻ϧһ޸ȴ۵Ůӡ
ֱ֪鲻ڳϣΪԭһȫͬı顣
ȴʲôûС
𻺻Ƿ񣬴󷽵壬׿һһĿţһһЦò
ò˵ȷ̫ķ緶ĸҲΪ
Ǳ游ǿոдʫԡӨŵԵɡ
ˡҲǸ˵һֱݺ質һö
λŶã˵Եɣ뿪ˡ
ƺҲ˵ˣҪǣͻȻ΢䣬Ϳѯһ飬ǷȻĬָڣʾԼȥá
ȡ
Ҳ׳Ҫ͵ͷӦ£Ҳҡ
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ӣԪһһ֪϶ʲô飬Ϊһƽʱ࣬ٸ£ôںʮֲȵԸ
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ͬʱڷգǼ˾𣬸ոճֵô治֪ôġ
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ͻȻԺжһɫɲǼˡ
ڶ񼯣5ݺԪ
Ҫϵͳˡ


144 
ĴʮΣȴرĺΪò˫ҪƷ¸У壬ֻǴͻ鲢ûгףԾǼ˵ĸһؽڣûбֳԪȼάȴӲִԼݣ̰ҲäĿӣЩʧȥǵ˹ǰԪȼʱҲάָ߽࣬˵ǸĴӣǳóܵ𱸡
̫ߣҲûܹܵķΪѡҪָһ£֪Լ۱ˣһֱֱܾī˻ˣͳˡ
Ծԭгʱһȶ԰ŤתԲϣϾʱѾ̫ĺ顣
ŮӶǰϳģֻоǰ֮ǰԪȼġ
һΪȺȴһֱûмˣؽˣˡ
˵ӦûжݲŶԣʱѾױɷˣҲԴһʮϵĸŴһ°ɣչһ°ɡ
ۡ
ʱƿƾװʱмյδڱԪ͵͵ôõİѱУôܷŹ
װһ׽ǾͿʼˡ
ֱһҩԪһѣȵ참˹˳׽顣
̫ӵ¸ǰ̫δ޹ңôĳţ˲͸Ԫһīϴϴɾ
ԪҪͣû֤֤ԸģǼɱδ
ɴ˴ͻ飬ٶȳΪ̫
ȻվݶԣǿԵģնķʽȷǳ󣬶ǰɩӵĸо͸ӳˡ
Ԫ˺ܴϵһβ˰̫֮λ⣬ȻûгɹҲĴԪǣҲ˶׷Ѱľǳӡ
ΪȨĺλҲÿ˶Ӻ׽֮ˣҲŴǶ಻ʤС˵пǺģȫƵġ
ԭΪѾˣԪǱɱǻ֮Ȼһ˼飬ѡ̫ʱΪȷǷ
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ǻڶͷʥּһʥּ⾰Ϊ˻Ӧڶʥּˡ
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һˣֱ裬ֲꡣΪԭ߳ŲסˣЩβΪ࣬ܶҲûнֻдһЩְˡ
ԹھǰϸǺ漸ûУֻһ֡
ⲻݺݵͬŮˡ
һùﰡҰ·Ӧ氮лڻŶԣȫǱ˳ף˦Ե
ȻʹûڣԪǵҲ취ѾŪ֣һ֣ܵһѣֱع⡣
ǱԼĽĶˣ۵㣬ʵеҡ
ôһʱĵĺ£³³鷢Ԫ׷Ӻ³аһΪĿĲֶΡ
ȻݺݵĴϺԪǣԳƻкܴƶԸ˷һЩʱ䣬ұİ취˶εùҲУҲڵĳ߸ԭһľ顣
ǲڵĳƷΪ˱ĻǰĻ
ϵͳҲǾˣȻĸɷʥǾġ
ȻΪϵͳһ󣬵һʧܾͻᵼȫûβġ
ҲȫģѾʼ˼ӵİ취ˣֻҪϵͳǿ飬ڼڣһַʽݺԪҲǲС
ž̲סôԣõʵЩңƫƫƾ׵İһˣֲôǣʵ벻ʲôʹá
һڣһĻ㱨̲סüԪǾ𣿡
ӣԪ̽ˣֹһˣƽԪҲī԰ŸǻˮĻᡣ
ΪЩȤ
һôɵ㶣֪ʱú޲ӺúýѵԪСôӵλҪӵδҲҪʲôʵǳªϾһͳĸ˰һô壬һʵе㱻ˡڿӡ
һײʮϽͷֻƽ
̫ˣ⵹һܺõĻᡣ鲻ɵһ
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ǿӦѵͲܾδЩˡ
ӵ˭ӿжȥͬˡ
һ룬ҲĮ
˵ʲô᣿һʵ
˼һǿԪǵֻҪ֪׷𣬾ù
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ľҲۣƵʱ̫
ܿҥԵЧȻҲܴﵽĿģ鵹Ҳľܵڸйϵ˵мȫ˵ģߵһͲСֻԼļƻΧڣʹδѡ
ڵǿһ£ȻܻеˣԺһٲļ˰ɡ
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תȥͿüĴͷ·ܷƵġ
һԺĿţͼ˹ȥֱվĸǰͻȻֵͷϣȭͷ᲻صҵ
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϶ʱһ飬Ȼ֪κ˶Ǵߵ״̬˲ױҲ̫ί̫ӵˣ
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˸˼׼ߡ
ڷֹ뷨ǸɴһºˡҲֱӸ˵ҪһԪǵȻǿŮ˵ķʽæһ룬˵ת˼·ֱӲһְ취һԵġ
ǶԳäĿţҪ˵ͻȻһ·һɫӰ
ֻǲӨԼѾš
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ȥҲϣ
ţɫˣҴȻظ游кߡԭ̸ִˣáӨǸ˵ˣƮƮ׽ĸо˺ܶࡣ
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Өͷ游˵ġϧҲж޷ҡ
ͻȻ뵽һ⣬
ʵܹҲոտ;ƹϵӣﲻһֱסԺ𣿺Ժô㲻Խס˵зŵƻȤ
һ㶣Ƴһۣ΢΢üҲûг˵ʲô
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һʱпһˣչ׿ͻչֵͷˣ
֮󱻲ǻήġ
ûڣ˵ϲ𣿡
һ㶣ҡҡͷ
һóɼȻҪ볯Ϊٵģ㲻룬Ȼÿһóɼˡ֪ҵļϡõĳɼһдѡĿĿֻ꣬ϧŪһ㣬ѹͲһ
ЩҪ㣬ףء
ȻһȻӣ˲ɵȥķˣѳˡ
һ飬ҲŷˣҴժȥͺãɵĿ˳һۣһ֪Լںѣյһ£һѣ˻


145 
ǳȥԷʱԸ֮ǰһʼϵĳҸ˽ȻǵõʲôϢҴҸʲôġ
ӵֻ̫ܲΪΪ׼ϾеʱϵĶǺõġ
ŵҪʱ䣬ų֮Ĺܲһ㣬Ȼƾ㲻϶࣬ǸƾߵİڷܽӵЧƵġ
ɵĿߵˡ
鿴СĶԼʵôˣ
ΪֱӿڣֻܴսĶߣ
һ㶣΢΢һɡ
ӣ̲סЦˣ̫ӵҲϲڱ͵͵Ŀ佱ϾȵĿҪʵˡ
˵ʲôĻأɷ羰Ļͷ
Цҡҡͷ
һ߰ɣȻȥҪһ
Ҫ˵Ҹһ¿ռ䣬ûԼأҲ֪Ĵûá
鿪ڵȻȥɣҸ絽
һ㶣Щ׳飬ҪǽȥЩʲôȻԼӦòֵ̫顣
ҺٺһЦ֮ش󣬡УҲǻǰ¡
һָһرһ
ͷͿڿƣʲô˼
һҭЩԥо̳ƣֹ֡
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㲻ǶƺܸȤҴϸ
գգۣȻ֮ҲÿһϸͣĸţʲôĿģĴԪȼնġһСѣʼϵóԼĺöҫǸ˿֤ԷûпƵġ
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ǻأƽջᴢˮ浽һͻ뻨԰£һֱֺ״̬պùʧʱȻʹãϾ鼮̫࣬һʧ鷳
ÿŻйܵþ׼ĿȻ𣿶ҲԸԴһα𾪡
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Ԫȼ֪˲ŵҪԣԶԴμӿƾٵĿʮֹģϸ˵ϵͳϵͳͨϵͳϵͳȶ˼£ڰȫʷõ飬νࡣҿеʵ鷳ҲҪĺʺĲģȫǾƣģҲҪ˹ˮүͿԡ
ǱԪȼĲŻˣ⵽Ƕ˰
û˵л֣Ӧûʱ֮ҲˣҲ֪ܲתž޴ˮ㡣
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ﲻֻˡ
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ɵĵɴ۾漴ҲǣԼֹüˣôôܿ
Ǹ뵽һð취һԪǡ
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146 
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147 
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ԭе̬ԹˣҲʴԴΪԾûвǵĴ
ԭǷ־һֱ֮󣬾ͽϣƾͼƵԣﵽԼԸԪǵĿģֻһѰˣŲܾļƻʲôܴﵽԼĿľС
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ʵ⣬һŮӣ뿪岻ܣ˲ȢܻɣΨϷܸıԮҪúôȻеգǾ仰Լѡ·̤ˣҲֲñˡ㿴
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Ҫ׽ôˣԼôƿ
˼־ŰסԼô˵ﻷҲ
ϽƲͷһʧأȵȵʺϵʱʱ׺ˡ
ͬʱҲзӦ𣿣Ƕûоôҵģڸﰡ
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ε˳ͷڳľ࣬ڳĳУ϶Ҫˣֹס
һǱŵá
ոһ⣬̫ͺڿϲ֮»ᱧס׽֮Ƶģ
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һǣ
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һתͷǳ޳ĲϿǡǴźĶǡ
ͫһս֮ддֻǱı۾
Ұɣ㣡Ұ
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148 
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ܿܵŵԼԪǻŵǸȻֹѭԻ
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ȷȫƿԪǵԪ˳ǻǾȷķ
֮ĶԻ䣬Ԫͬ򹷣ͳ鶼ˡ
ãԪǾͳȥˣָ
鿪أȲĹ˳ȥҪˡ
߹ǵ⣬Ͻת׼ȥַ
ȴڴϴ·
ȻǺĶȴ̫ҿˣƲߣӲֱ֣һֻĴС
һ˲һĸо
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Ȼط˵һ˵ţһԼ˿ڴ˴
ӰѾˣ˳뿪˺Ժص˸䡣
Ҳ֪СС̵ţûб״̬ȻҲ뷭ˡ
ͻȻЦӴô簡ѽǡʲôˣôҼų·ͷԲ̫廹վֱ仹ֵĺۣʱüŪۣһֵı顣
ī԰Ұģֵܻ档
ǳˣ׼ȥҴ򣬽Ϳڵͷָڸռ𣿡
ˣҪⰡЦѯʵҪˮ𣿡
Ǳ̫ˣֱͷߣεĲС
ǳȴ˳ƶΪҪ鷳ˡ
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Ұڰ֣ȻȥŪˮˡ
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ҲǣȵˮҲͲҵĵЦˡ
ڳǣԼȥŵƵĵطˡ
һųѵµ侲˺ܶ࣬ºһ飬΢΢üʵϵͳڵҩõģЧ̫棬ʵڱֹҩҪ˼ʵ޷óʹá
ֻšüǰ֣æ̶
Ȼ֮ǰһֹҩ飬۾ͳԡ
ȴܾţ˲ǻûк𣿡
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߰ɣȥ׼Ͻסˡˣǻǻȥ˰ɡ
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Ŷ䣬ҵĺϽˡ
Ⱥһ䡣
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ͷһЩɫȻѧӣƾЩ̤˰ɡ
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ڶϣʹлָûҪŵ˼ӦǶԼİźܷˣȴЩģһԼȫûвУ³ʲô⡣
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һɣǾóڼУԼ˰Ϻ˵
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˵ļҶϽү֪үһֱī԰ءүһýүһظ
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ī԰ѾԶƿһԿǰдĹٱ
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ܿһȺ˾ͱٱѺ˳оȻոյУһЩӺͿ
ееĽƱ磬еĿ캰أеҡ
վȣԭÿ궼ŪܵĽףСĽ·ڣ⴫һ޴£Ȼ̰ĵҪ׬һЩԶ˺ཻܶףŪֱӾͱܹܷè壬÷ŶԣкöģĳŲסˣҪˮô̸ܲɣô͸˻أ
ΪԼµ޴ĵʵǳڱɵġ
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˲ٵʱص˶ȥ˴¡
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Ϊץ˵оȻ
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149 
ڣϿ캰أҲŵĵȴţʣ˸ǽضɲʱʱǰѯʰϺ
ΪΨһ򶨵ˣҲΨһ̫ĵģֻĬĬĵȴϢ
ֱϣͻȻԺжһ
ڶ񼯣4ϴɡ
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ȻΣȴȡӦʸ񣬲شʮ塣
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ţԼӵδ;߿ܶࡣ
۰ģϢֱ˹ȥ޵ĲУޱɫҲеѿ
ΪϺһ㣬ȻֱһѪ
ڸǣ񲻽ȲʹˣԺҲ;̸ֻܴ壬ҲԶɲ˰Ϻˡ
߰㣬ֻʱָһ¡
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ȵȻˣʹȲ裬ѵ⣬ȴûһƱ磬ֻ˵ԼбףԼˣŻ;Լˣԭ¡
ϺһκܴɸѵһתߣȻ˷ʱˡ
ʱȻΧ˵ʲô棬Ϻ˱䡣
е˿̵İϺ᲻ڸĹϵߵһȻǼû̫˺ĶԻǶ֪˴˵ĹϵжԶĻôһĶӿԳ涼֪סϵҲ
Ϻ֮ǰΪ˰׼ǣǷ˺һǰҲֵĸӿ񣬶һǳ׷ˣ֪Ϻ۲ۡ
뿴ϺǷͻȻת̬ȣϾ̬ȼֱǼת䣬ϾѾûɶѡˣľܵӣδ̳кҲֻˡϺȴֻǶԺҪСģǧô̰Ĳ㣬޴Ҫȡ
һ̬еԭɱʹҲû׽ӵ˼Ҳˡ
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ޱһĸǰ۵磬˵Ҫ㡣
ҲŻҪһ棬߽󣬵ûпߣֻڲԶվţſڴϵ񡣡ʲô
𣿡
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ߵһѵ㺦ģͻȻȻȱץʱҪվԶҪ᲻ͱԼһ
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˫۲Ѫ˿ɵӣ⼸Ҫûǡ
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˻ߵ޺ӣֻúЦ񣬱װĺܺߣһжԼ̰ģҪӮңʧɵġҾҪ㣬Ҳ˳ıɣӺҵˣѵϰΪˣˣ㡭ɱأ
ʱĿѣǺڣǺڶŸɣǺڵûķʽַϵ
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ĻȻ裬ͷˡΪҰˣ׾ͻѡҸ㣬Զѡģ
ֻܿͣЦ뿪ˡȻûʲôˣȻȲĻرԺҳˡ
ڰ·ͱˡ
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漴Ҿǲ֪ûиһ𣬸ָҾˣǸ˵һлͷл񡣡
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ʵӵݣһһδǻܶλ϶ҪϴƵģϾڿǸĴл죬ֻҪסȣúû֮δʲôλûУ
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ǵȪʱû·ģȪˮ峺ʲôܿ⡭ҪԺӵɡ
Ҫת뿪ͻȻ洫
磿
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գգۣⲻ̫ðɣôڶôǵ
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ֿɵˣͻȻ뽫ǰȪеľӦŨīزʼ¼ڻ֮ϣֻԼڵĻǰԵ
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еĳԼˣΣȴɵĹ𣬸ոһɵվţ֪ɵǲҽðл뿴ĽǸɴҲΪһ
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150 
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֪ǲǳĴܸо˵ľԽԽϢסˡ
һεѹ
ûгûжôĿ˫ۣ·һƾŶԷƵġ
ϴϸ΢ĶҲûй˼Щġ
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һû취ֻܿʮߣôˡ
һߣûֹݵĳˡ
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ҪⶼѡңҶҪǲˣôѰϺңǳϵƣҪɡ
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˵Ȼة񲿣ǻ᲻ֱΪĻ֣Ȼ֪δǳ鿴еǸ̨ǻ޷Ϊʲôϡ
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151 
ڻϸڸ󳼶δ֮ʱѾʼشԣһַ̽Դкο黹ûдԶݸͻȻ࣬һ̻Ըһǧ
Ϣһá
һǧɲСĿϵ࣬ͬʱ־ԼܳķΧںʱôһ̻ᣬҪܵġ
ǻĿ֮˲˽⣬˼Ǿ˴ңֻǿӪ̻Ļʽ𣬲Żôࡣ
һ˾Ҳܼôз׾ĻͷһμŪĳ˶⶯ݣϾǵûзȻԸô϶Ҫͷˡ
˵̻Ҳڷҩȴ̧ۣ˺ܶԹľٶعٸ飬ֻҪ̻ݸȻȱҪͣǾӹΰˡ
ŪķȺǶϣٶ༸̻ᣬһ𹲶ѹظöãǴ󲿷ֻųûƵΣĴ̻ҲôĹԼౣ֤ˮ
ֻ֪̻һҸոճõ̻ᣬг̻ᡣ֮ǰûдﵽ̻ĳ׼Ѿ൱Ĺģ
϶Գ̻⣬Ҫ̻Ļ᳤ǰǡ
ϱԱȴΪﳼܹ֮²׼һ̤뾩ǡ
ɻѯʣǺˣ괦̫֮µʱֽµ治١
ﳼǰ֮ճ
˻һϲõڳ⽩ס˱顣ǿǻԴõңһǸ̫޹صİ
ϵĻϱҲһ˲ƺʲôƵģ޻ǵãȷвŻԸɳһҵ
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ؼʱ򣬳û׬ǮΪΪķףһξҪ˳İ̻ոսһ˵ңֱӾȷ谭˳ķչ֮·ǿһҪͷۣҵˣ϶Ҫ̻ľٶжˡ
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ϵͷǶ˵⣬֮ǰڸ飬ʵǲԸЩνģ͵˴󹦣ʲôԸҪʵ֣޶Ծ㡣
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ǵ̫ȥϴ֮ʱΡΡ˲ɿ֣ѵý۽ǵˮڲˮһȻС
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˵˵еĶԻ̲ס飬ϵķӦԤһģһֱ£ѹô˿ݼԭͱָ
ǡһĲʹ̻ͣỹǿɣһСʽѣҪҵġЩģȻ˵ؾʹһ٣ǿŽеĻϵ˼ӦǾøһؾʹ;͹ˡ
ʵܻʲôֵáǻϾԭİ취ûеģ֮ǰ˳һ컹֪ҪȵʲôʱءڳŵЩȻȥе̰ˣĪãֻҪƶģһʵ֡ϾѾ̫ò˼ˡ
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Ļ㱨ûⷽϢģ⡭
ҲֻܲɫĬĬ۲죬ſڽˡ
һΣּҵһˣĴĸȴûǸ˵书ǿС˾ˡ
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Ͻ÷Ҫҹ̸ͺȶ˵ĸȥڣûкȾƣĸǾƶ໰࣬˵ž˵ԼҺӵϡ
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߸ΪѣŮ˲磬˺СŮԲãġ
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ʱͽסˣȶ뿪׷磬ʾٶҽֻǻ˺Ҫֺ󵼹˼˺˳飬鱻ȴӦˣ˾һˣԲҪ㱨ݡ
ǸڰôͰѶ˵齻ɵء
һ䣬Ҳ˹ָǸõı֡˱Ƚ϶࣬ҩ®ͷˣ
ˣ⣬ģһ
ЩˣȻǺܶ࣬ԾصģһԸ͸¶ݵˣôİɵܽ᲻ǱƭˣɵҲûɶñͼıİɡ
ҳǶֺ˼ԭǣĻ־Ļ֮˻ĸԸء֪У˳Ը⣬ɱҲ仹ǱѹӲܵġ
лǶ̲סҪұ̸̸ϯĵطѾˣ㣬˵үѾȥ붼û͹ȥˡ
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硭㣬ۡ
šȿȡ㡣
ǳ
齩סˣ뿪ѾҪ֤ˡ


152 
ȵĶʧſϵĳŻ۾ǡ
֪ĳ飬ʹ֮ĺˣˣԽӵĿעĳЩ顣
ֻҪ˱ˣȻҲ˵ʲô
𣿡΢ѯʣûЧˡ
ɵţԣ
Ͻ˼ררģԭ˺˾ҪȥϢͻȻ˵Լ֮ǰŤˣҪҩĦҩ®ͷźȾƺˣҪ
İæȻܾʹųصԼ䣬ſϣóƵ˵ҩ׼Ħ
ͷͿڿϣڷ£ڡԣ¶޳Ĳļ򣬼羱֮С˳Ļȣɰֵ
ԴϴȪ֮Ѿþûп⸱˷ˣԼѾָˣǿ滹е㲻ֱӡ
ʹԼ򶨣˫Ĩҩ࣬ڳָʾ°Ħż羱ϵġ
Űžˣʼĵѯô˵ˡ
ͻȻƺߡӽס
оԼĲϽĦˡ
ˣҰˣҪǻۣͷȥڵ
죬չˡ壬ֻè͸Űݣſţ̧ͷʵ磬ˣˣ㡪˯𣿡
ʰҩƿֶʱ˶ƹҩƿˡƬ

ֲûС˯ʵ
Щ̲סˣЦܣ㻹ǵҺз¶ô㶼֪ұӰԷôˣ㡪ùӸ粻𣿡
Ŀȴֱ峺ͷȻűƷǲǱֵܻҪ׽ʲôϵĪǱˣҰѳֲס
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ߵ̫죬ǸװˣôǻˣԺɡЩϤĹٶŪ
ǡɣֵġЦȴ̲סֹڸĵĸ֪Ϊ̰ͲԼѳֲס𣿻̽ĵߣ᲻Խ磿ܸо򵥡
벻ͨ˼ôӣϸ㲻𰸰ֻ˳ƶΪҪʲô˳ˡ
漴˰ϴġ˴ϡ
֪Ϊʲô⡪оĽš
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Ҫ𣿡ͳԵ·ջԶ
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⡪ĿͳҺ㡪磬ƺͲٱ䣬ҵݱʲô

ҵȷкܶҵʵݲ˵ΪҪҲͬܵвֻҪ֪⡪㼴ɡ
˵ϣҲֻ̾У֪ˣҪʲô
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̻飬㲻⣬ж˳УѾðš鿪ڵ֪ҪСǳҪ飬ҪӦ顣
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Ҳǰøոյ飬֪Ĳ֮࣬һϢ㣬ܽ߼޻үͨϴʱ򲻱ǣеûмˣϺ֮
ͨն׵ϸոյǻ겻ոȶҲеʱ̣ٱͨ±˻ϵУþѲ鵽˸ٵżȻڽס
ı󲿷ڱߣǴпɽǶƿڻʼУżָ֡紦ĿɽԤϱ͵͵ƽ֡
ȻΣңȴѾͨˡ
ճӵմӣԼ¼֪µĸ󽫾ɱұߡ
ʱϣνʵڻϸոյǻþͲˣµʱֻȴ죬Ҳʼ
кɵ˰ٱߣߣα֤ߣԼĻָʹߡ
Ѿ֪ٱߺα֤˭ֻǾٱѾα֤ߵ걻үŭ֮ȭͷʣ¾ߺĻָʹߡ
ʵѾоĻָʹ߿¾Ǹ߸ϵĻˣȴֱ֪˭Ͼ֣ɲʲô˶Ǳġ


153 
ҲΪ˵ΪʲôϺŲ鵽һЩ΢ĵط
ԭΪһѪͳԭ򣬰Ϻй˼ɣѾûм̳˿ѡ񣬳øĺӼ̳УϺÿôıʱôɻ䣬һбԭ
ûȫ֮ǰȻģȻˣҵ͸ý
ûһ͹ˣţһ˲仹еΣϾΣʵеðˣϰԵڴԲϰų¡
ʱͿʼ˵ˣ⸽լΪµ
һԺĸϵã϶᳣סޡҲ֤˸ϵǾ˵ɡȻǱؾˣǵﳼ֮ס̫ĵĵضΣ±鷳˱ԺˣĸǰԵϵ˼ңҲˣס٣鷳Ȼ١
ȻּɵģϾͳ鳣ڹУڼչˣҲܷġ
һŷȻûƽʱڼңȻһŵġ
ɻ˳ţ˳ȴǱλˡ
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̻ʱǴ̽˼ܼ֮ǲϹóΪѣǳˣЩ黹ҪԼġ
ͻȻԱߵĳ鿪ڵջãĸĶ࣬һæµˡ
һʱŵԭͣӣôһ仰ֱתһ򣬿ʼ֮ǰûгԵʽ
գգۣɵĸһЦ
ڼͷգ׼ˣϾǴӽϰкЩҪһڰٳա˱ǿԼұһϰΪӣҲû˵ʲôˡ
û죬߻ûлعأϾͻȻټˡ
еõϢΪţΪֳʲô⣬ǹأŪЩˡ
ڸе˴죬ŴӹлʥּЩ㶡
˵ǵӭѯʣζĿһۣŸ˵˶䡣
ǰ˽ʹ뿪Ͼ˴ﳽ̻ľˣҪģ̻ᣬ֪Ǯкôģ¶϶ܴǣԴ˹̻ǻǮ
̻Ȼ˽磬õյѧߵĴ̣϶רдһʫΪѿҵ׳٣λ͡˶Ըܿɹ˻ϻм˲һѣڰԼ
ǼȥȴɵˣΪûж˾ǮҲǹȥֻСĿˣˣ⾿ô£ϽǱȥ飬Щ˶ôġ
ʱ׹ԭ֮ǰΪ̽Լ˵ɲУʹһЩϢȥϢѾ˽磬˼Ҷ֪˾Ǯֺܻô̻ôֻ࣬ǽ˼ҽûˣֲﳼ֮󣬾ͨˣ˭֪Լ֮󣬻ϻʹʲô
绹ѳ̻Ĺô󣬾϶дʫˣȻô֡ʹ͡ǲ̫С˵㣬ĪֻһЩ翵ŪǣǾҲò˶ĺô
ǶģЩֻҾ⽻ֵøĽŶԣʲôãⳡˮֹ󣬻֪жټ̻ܵӰ죬ȻȲʵʵĺô
ͣ˹Ľ׶Σ˭Կһ
ϵ֪ôģѪʡһʣ˷۱˽Щ˵̬Ҳûбİ취ֻܰһľֵߵȼĽ
ǣ̳ƺţʼҹֺ̺߾ɫͨԼ˰ļͳͳдʥּ档
ܽһ仰ֻҪͿúøɣκʱκֻ׬⣬ҵࡣ
Ȼ֮ǰŪİ취УǻϾһףˣôôôȻô٣٣ǶҲδõͶʡ̰ľͻ׷׵²˵ŻϸʱСͿԴһΣϵļƻ˳յԴԴϵľ
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ΪȱǮǲ׾ǮϱȻҪ취̼̻ᣬתôΰʱʱжһֻгܰ쵽
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ȵһʱ򣬳˹һţ͸˵˹ȥžƾһӵ
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ϽųºȾƣҲ£ȴһ˲䣬ᵽѪζ
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Ȼ˯ˣ;㣬СĵҩҪŪȻ˿š
ϻЩҳȥˮɾһ߲ûһ̲ס̾ҲǾˣͺɳȥҳƳ˼Ƶġ
Ҳ˳¶ϰ˲ϾջЩȵģѵģһ㶼ҶܸоеʣǸЬʱ򣬻Ǿһݻһ㣬Ūˮݽš
Ȿ˸ɵĻȴûʲôϰֻóһϢҳҲ˿Ϊˡ
ɽ֮󣬾İ˵ƣƽ˯á
һ֮ȻĪЩɾ͸УȻ߸Լȥϴˡ
Ȼ֮ûϴ˵˿ģԾͽţ˯ϣҹΪ˳ʲô֢״Ҳܷ֡
ҹ˾˯֮󣬴ϵĳȴۣתͷ˯ĳˣһ˫Źʣκһ˿ܿб顣
ʵֻ͵͵һˣҪһ±СԴĸܣֻҪԼţȻΣͲ·˵ˣǳû뵽չ˵ô΢üβҪϣȴ᲻ֶر
ߣֱӵͷһĴһֱߺĶ̲סŲҪ˱شϣϷȴͻȻӣˣ¡
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һ֪ǲ뱻ˣֻȥߣӱȻǰȫġոҲͦ𺳵ģһúүȻܲôչӣȻǰӰˡ
Ժ䣬˵
ͻȻԺжһ
ڶ񼯣6


154 
ʱһ飬ֻоĸԼն䣬漴İ
ʮѾ̽Ϣ˶ҪȥɽةѾǰٽ˹ƻ˳С
µһȴԾĥӣڸʲôƵġ
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ʵѾˣֻǲۣ˵Ҳ̫С˰ɣһıҲطֲˡ
̫е㿸סˣͻȻӱס
ʱ۾㵵Ŀų顣
Цŵװ˯
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·ѾԴľƵģֱµةʱһм£ǲʲôƻˣ
ȻôţʵѾؾˣϾһξǷ˺ܶ¶
ȷţ˵ܡȰһҩ𣿡Цӯӯ
ɽǵȺɽǳм䣬ЩγկһȺɽչ棬Ǻܴٶǲų͢ĵߣֳ󶯾ֻżɽһЩ񣬰һЩҪȵȡ
ڳ͢ССֻ֣þǸ˴ÿҪǵʱǾ͸ضĺһңƺɽկллһˣϵأΪֹɽկĴӪﶼ֪
ǴٵʱץǼʹЩɽ̰Ը··ϾͻᱻڸĻŪ·ˣ¼˲ƣȴûнȣȻȵߣǹٸҲֻţǿѲߣԼӶʦСһ㡣
կˮЩƮˣȻȻٳ͢ɷȥʣ٣һΣϸոյõ˾Ȼһӣɳ˸˵صĵطȴǱ١
һǲŷկͨɽկӵһ֧ѵضɽկ˵ǧˣǾȻһֱ֪ôھΧһֱΪǼʮһ˵СɽͷˣɼɽصĶá
Ҫǲʱһ飬¶˱࣬һԹڵġ
֮ǰЪʱߣţ϶֪϶ԴΪŭԼұıʿǵĽ·׷Ҫǰկʡ
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פɽ£ԾɴΣգ㲻ȥ
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ɫȴΪҲ⡣
ʱĿһҲ֪ǵͲʲô
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ҺͯǻУҲżмУǽӳƣʱⲻ˭óǸ˵ɫЩ˶١
δ֮ԣ˵ǹԪȼ򣬹ںˮһЩ׼飬оͷֹһġ誺ͯǺú׼ģΪ˵ĳȴѹԪȼеףΪǵİˡ
ƲƲ֮ͯˣ˻Ҫ鷳ҡ
ˣôûȥɻ課ӵĸ
⻰һ꣬Ϳ誵ˡ
һ˵ͳ鶼ȥˣôҲûȥءֱӷС
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ˣǵãȥԸɽկʱһ˵˵ȫ˻˲õۣ˵͢ҪŪе񣬲ˡΪɽĺܿ죬ʼʱ͵˵֮
һ˵㹻ҩôҲô࣬οǵõܺõչˣӲǰٷְٵʣжһ㵹пܡ
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һ⣬ȷһ۵ѽҶ˵ǲԵģԵģôǳҩ˵ģжҪȻ鼸ʬǿֶ̫΢ʱ򿴲ܿ
˵ʬ壬Сǲ˰ɣҿڷԵģæͱҡ
δҽ㲻ҵҽ֪֪֮ǰȾҳ˯Ÿκõģ


155 
ƿӣӭͽסһײӳİ꣬һҩζܱߡ
ˡں׷Ĵ誸Ͻ
ͷۣƢҲ꣬ô˵Ǿ֡
ǣˣСʲô򰡣һҩֱֶ֣ͯҡһ·ѾڵĲƵġ
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ֱǰ꣬һۣ㡭ǽľش԰ɣո˸˵ķ֡㡭
ˣµģҸĲôƣҷҩٲ˵ҪһЩ˺ҩо㰲һ¡ľشֱӿڵϾȻһ㶼η誵ݡ
誱ѹƢģľشͱЦˣʵ飿㻹ҿڣҪأ㸺𣿡
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㡭Ҫͱ㲻ǽһ£˵еһġ
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ͷľش
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סǧ˵

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ľشҲǷҪ˵˼ҵܣô˵͵ͷʾ֪ˣ漴ҪĶҪ߽
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ҲЩãǽȥü˶ûƼˣЩ϶룬һƬŶˣǶúõĻš
誾㵵ĿеҲû뵽ľشô
ʱͻȻԶһںܶ˸ȾȻЩƲסˡ
ϾױԼߵȾߵʱǲһϣǰһ˹һطʱ򣬻ãһ˹иһСľʧˡ
誼ҴҵҪȥ϶ҪĲˣֻʱ
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ȻﱬأӦþĲ˴ģҸոʹĴʮǰʼˣǰͻȻصġ誵
ˮ֮ͻȻؾͲˣҲ˵ǰЯŶĲ˵¶¶޴ӲǾѯǶʱ䣬һûлڡ
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㲻ʲôôűͼˡľشһ߳Զһ²š
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㲻ǣĳ˲ǣһĺĳ課м
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ǿ쵽ǰʵûˣڿƤһȺɽΪҪģ˼׳ȥɽģǶǱˣû˴ӦɽҲΪǣһЩԵġ
ʱΪ˺Ӻ˾һûԣȫǣմҼ˾Ӫ
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誳ȥ֮ɫѿֱӻ뿪һˣйٸӹܣҲȥɡ
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156 
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157 
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ԽͻʵͿʼˣֻǻûݣʽһֱûиᣬǱһģ񻹲ɡ
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ŵĿţͼЩߵһֻѺԽɽˣǰԽ͵͵һʾġ


158 
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ѪԼȶƣðգʧȥǣоĶײһƵġҪΪˣֻҪúõĴߡ

ԼͼȡвĶҺԼǱƣҪ֪ΪԼðգԼ͸ͬ
Ҳ
һ̣·ֻǲܰסڵŭ
Ǿʱ˾氵ţҪ˼
鲻ͷۣҰԵĽ꣬·𱻴˽ʳϻɱ
ִѹʧص
§ס˵ƣ˳Ʊ˱У˶
ȴûͣ¡
ܿ΢Ŀһ
һɣȫڡ
֪ô£ҲӸոյзӦֻоԴֱ졣
ôᡭôܡԴǱż
ѵʧȥˣǰʧȥǵʱ򲻶ȴ˵ôֱӹȳˣ
ѹϣһעһ𽥻ҪȡҺ뷨ûˣ÷ſģǴݼ۵ĴУȴԳֻ֣߽Ʒ
ֻ˫ܸоͬСĿܣȴһܻӭЧóĳȡ
֡ͻȻ洫ƺЩȷǰľ
ˡϷɣôˣ¶ͷ˵һɣ
ǡ
δµĴ
һӦԭ߳ܵԵڸӱ̼ˣϽƳ顣
Ҳ²⵽ǰĴҽܣֱƿ˱ӡ
һ˲䣬վڴߵĴ㱾ۣܵ¿ʲô̼ĻƵġ
㣡
ңҿԱߵĳ飬ʱûа취ոյΪֻƴĵתߣҲֻż͵͵һ£͸о޵ˣоҪһضȥˡ鵽ʲô
ڿҲȫʧȥǵӰ
ôµ˿ڵģ
ѵԼ谵ʾˣ
ôܣһ裬һͬǱɣôܡ
Ŵ˵Ҳֻǿעߵĳڸл̫ǿģԴתֻоݼԾԵĴС
һβͬо˶ˡ
û°ɣĿǰ󵱼Ǳûзʲôߣҽ˵ˣʦүе֣ոӦ¶Ŷ԰ûж𣿡
һ˵͸ϽסȴȻһȻóҽǻ̽һ£
ôô죿ûн⣬㵽׳ʲôⶾҩż
̧ͷȴҿֻǺŶ䣬Ͱ͵˵ûⶾˣĽⶾˣҲǡ
ҲӦԭǡŪӿ졣


161 
ҳ˽ⶾҩǸǸϽŴͣԼ࣬Ȼóҩ鿴˵Сҽģ˵ܽٶ
ʵԵĲǸպÿһ¡
һΪ⣬Ͼܽٶҩ󣬿ɲôŪġҲƾżǿƣϡ٣һɽⶾӦֻǴɣôűˣԼðղó
ûһᣬʱɫһ䣬ҩ˽ʲô֣
ľش˵ˣôʶų飬ܸо̤·УĪˣȻе㱾µ˶ǣ
ľشʦܣڴȷʦܻܲʶԼǸҿ϶ʦһǷʦġΪҪβ취һЩϢʦʦһֱΣһʲôʱյľشȻʦյϢæˡ
ľشȻȥ˵ʱ˵ҩȷܽٶеƷһǲ׸õģֱӸһƿ˵ͶԵ
ȻҩȻûˡ
˵ôʱ˫ˣý˽඾
ҽ˵ˣʦү˶ûе⣬һ飬ǾߡҲҪˡ
΢΢һ㶣ȵȣߣǳ黹ôǣշǣԼô죿
˼ΪҸϣҲɣֻܷˡ
ǸǡǸ
ǶԴЩģͦǽԵģɷȻǸҵˣǱͲȥˣկ֮կΪԽԽ֣ǵĵߣǿ϶ҪߵġֻǱȼƻǰ˶ѡ
ոձôս˫ڶţկͳ͢ǿɽµߣڴɽлУһɽȻᱻϣ˿߲ϲߡֱӿڵ
ҽҲô˵Ƕҵᱻ֣ɱڣҲô󵱼ҾʱǾ͸߲ˡ
ȴֱӿڵǽܶжԸңһơ
㿴Ͻģģˡ
ɨһֱۣӵǲ뿪ɽկΪҸոձˣմȾ΢ԣԻԣǹͬĶֻǱƣԶҵпܵƱʦүͷβ޹ϵȻ뿪
㾪ȵĵɴ˫ۣҪңαװɡԡŶⲻ˳µ𣿴˲䱻˵ˣôû뵽
͢һɱ磬ߵʱ䣬ǻսʱɽڻߡ
ˣҡҽҲô˵ģ˵ߵʱǻսʱҴûҽ㻹ˡ
㿴˫Ѿ˾
ģߺһ취ĨȥǵĴڵĵĺۼǲᱻ׷Σ
ѾϳݵĿ⿴ųˡ
ҡҵûȥҽ㡣
ȻǵѡֻǸһ飬֪ںδ
ϽҰ˲Ǳˣ͹
ͷֻ죬뿪
һߣžѹ׷ոյļƻʲôװжԣ׸㻹Ҫѵһȶڰȫĵط취𣿡
ոԴ״ֱ̬ڲŷӦԾ
Ҹո˵ļƻˣǣԾڵ߱ˣȥ
ô˵Ƕˣǻ᲻һŭ֮ɱ㣿
ôҲǴӪذˣжԲѣûɱңֻҹֻұʹʱ򣬲жʱ򣬶ҴҽͬҵļƻһаæһķһܰȫʧˣǺͻܶжĻ䶼׷
ɫ˱䣬ǾòǡҲɵӣ˵жжһԱֲһأôȷһأ
ͻȻһЦЦƺйƻ˵а֮
һӾסһ˵ҪȻΪҸոʲô
ȵ߶ϡ
ЩûӦֱᴥԼĴȻɫۿɼٶȱ졣ܵסͣ㡭㡭
ȹ֮󣬾ûгԱģô̵ʱ䣬ﻹжԲ˽ⶾҩȻٱӰ죬ҡ˵꣬ĿǻᱻĶҸоѾЩӦˣֻǶԱϡ͵̫࣬Ѿû̫Ӱ죬ûԵıַʽպãȻҲᱻɡ
ſų飬ѵһʼôˣԲš
ѹסҪ񶨵ĳ嶯ͷȻ˵жʱҾ뵽취ֻǵʱɴҪΪǵˣֻͣˣŵˣ
û취ܳո뵽ڲƭ֮ߣ˵ԽǸʧصǣһٵΪգӲ֪ԼϲˣϾڻ̫Σգһˮɵļƻڱ䶯ӦøСĽŶԡ
ȻŵˡҺܲ㡭㶼ûϰ𣿾Ѿ֪Լ˵ʲôˣϵͳ̱ˡǸһ룬һ嶼ȵĻš
أɷ򲻾СڣֲŮңƵʱҲйܵľֹ⡣̹ܲñҶʲôǷ֮룬Σյĵط飬ռ˰ɡ
⻰ŪβѣֻƽƵġܸоʱǸղԣҲԣĶԣ鰴ճ˵ǺģϾôȥסҰĻǣȷܻἱǣ˲úʮŻͻأôһǡ
ԭĲǡֻǼȡҺɼƻˡ
ʱһһ㣬ͲһҪΪˣҺû¡ҪȻ黹֪Ҫʲôء
ؿƺһһ˵šϽ顣²۵Ҳ̫ðգ治һԼ
㲻˵нⶾҩ𣿡Ļµġ
ʵԳԣʱﻹʲô
ȷӰ첻㻹ëϣһӡ
ͣ˳ƿ˴ϣҲǿˣ˫۾ͼ򵥵Ŷˡ
ǵ㶾ֻҵľЩ۰ˡҶҵȷû¡
΢΢üѧŸոճӰе졣
鹴ǣǰ΢ԵӰˡ
ҽȻûжϣǿųľȷ㲻ϵͳҲʲôû˵ֻܹˣڳļƻ뻹Ǿв֮
ǶûϿƵĶҲ̫԰ɣѵҲҪȥһ𣿡
˲ĵһ£˼ʲôأ
˳˼·
ǵ㣬ͱҳԵĸɸɾˣ𣿡˵ֻҪ˵У͸ٴμȡƵġ
ʱһͣܵҡͷô˵ֻ̫˰ɣҪǶŮ˵ǳĵϷú
ջرӵߣֶԣ֤ǵȷͬһƣԺסʦүڶôˣֻҪǶģ㲻ͬһֶʦүҲ᷸Ϳڴ󵱼ұ֮ʱҲпѱ磬Ҫϸ鶼ѣûô侲˿ɵ㡣ߵǷӦˡ
ôȦӣ̲ס֪¶ԸңҾͲں񻹸鷳ˡ
ᣬǱҵɱҪһЩϾʦүȷ֣Ҳ֪Ϊʲô˻ҪɱС䡣
ȷǾǡ
󷨣ضӰӣԽҲ˵ֻܳʦү֣֮ûɸ󵱼ͻΪҪɱң֡üͷüϾ⣬˴˾в
Ҫ˵Ժٴζһ
ϸ
Ȼ۾ţﾹȻܴ⡭ԭľûгֵģҲ˵ԭֻկûзկˣӦöûץסˣҲ˵ʦүǡӵˣ
ô޹񣬾Ȼûбץ
ôˣɫб䣬ѯʵ
֮ǰԽ˵һЩǿǼϸ飬һߡ˺ô޹ˡü
Ȼļϸ뿪ĪҪɱ˺ôܷŹǡ
˵ţʹ˶ǴŶһˡ
ұȫˣҲһ·ûб˷֡
һոմߵʱһǱȻ˸Űæڻˡ
ҽ˵ˣһа˵İ죬㻹ҪʲôǶԸϣھһ·ˣֻһҪϣո˵ĨǴڵ˵ǵе⣬ȷó֪͢
ĿãһΪ
Цƽʱװ䣬ǹ滹һˬк
鲻Ե޹ʵĶԱ˺ãǣŵ˶ԴҽܶĺôĿȻΪկдЭļƻʵʩҴѩǴˣоĬ˫Ӯơ
˳һۣóӦûô֪˵ݣϾֻܵԪȼĶݣʵûжٽ
ڻԣѶҵϲָԭ״͸Ͻ·ٰ߻ȥ
ʹæµ֮󣬾ͰѶҷڴſţһ̧ͷͷֳѾѵļ£ֻİ
һ㶣·
Ըȥʴĵط֪ܲҰõɡҲϲɫŮװϱŤҲ֮˴Եϲĵ
֮ǰûô࣬Ǹոտϵĺ»Фʱ;Լ⸱·ʮֲ
ҲǣЦŰοʵҾ㴩ͦÿġ
ʵֳഩʲôɫ·ֻǺɫԵøòø˶ѡԭΪӴ»ܱŤǴڳϣһۿȥǱŤҲŮԻֻǵľðˡ
ԭδϲܳϺ̫ӴʱţԽɫΪĴĴⱲӶٿˡԼһ۸ˡ
鿴ֿ˿ѵĺ£һź̾ӣʱйʲôȺãѵŮװ𣿹ȻлλߣҪŮһѹɡ·ǲˣôϲίԼżŮװĻҲǲԡ


162 
һ׼ö˶ҡ
㿴Ŷˣ黹еġ
ǰֵܶ˱ǽɽ£֮ǰ˵ԭֻһСɽկǴ󵱼Ҵ˺üˣ׳ˣ½½˺ЩˣһӾͰɽկ׳Ĺģ֮ǵկţǾȨկˣʱֻڶĴɽկˣҲٹĸ̣ıƲסߣԴʦүıߣһоͱˡ
Ȼ䣬ΪļϸĿĴһ鷳˳ӾǵĶ򡣡ȻҪҲͲˣֱӸ֪ࡣ
ԭڻĴһӾˣԲ˫ۣܵ˲Сĳֹסйˣȷ
ͷ
㣡ѹ֡ѹ֡
Уծж㲻ˣǴǰҲǵģȻѪһͱܵĲ
󵱼Ҳ֪ΪʲôˡӦǲ֪ɡ
ǿ϶֪ʣʲô˵
ɫȻ˱䣬ǲͬģ鶼룬ҲֻΪ˱ǴһΪһˣΪǻ֪û뵽ǲץʻԿȥǷӡ
ԭµģǲͨʣֵǮģֻҪȷȫˣȻҷһ黺
ôȷˡ
һб·Ϊɽկ˶֪ĻҲ˵Ǳǵ·ųģǻ·ϵĵơ
ɫ˱䣬ҲǴͷðˡ
ͻȻ뵽һ㣬һ˲һֱǲǾΪ˸Լ·ʹ̣Ҳ֪ǳʲôӣһɹˣȻ޷ͨǲֻҪɽկûߵ˾ǱǷˣ
ҡͷǰɣǼɽկһμǵʱǾͳߣչ¶ӣǶ¼˸ˣ߲ˡ
´ˣЩεĿ顣
ƺɨ˶һۣȻһ²ⷽǶԵģߵĲǵԼˣȻҲֻԼߣպҲȷͨһʼʹߵԭΪ顣
֪ӱǿ϶ģҲûбҪʾ˰ɣôС𣿡㲻
֪ӱ𣿡ʵ
˶٣ɫЩÿ˵ǡʱسǵı
ʱܵĲʱľеʿһΪ֮µϣûûָӣûжܴȻѳǡӳ˵ġ
ԴҽȻмӱΪҲûվڵƸߵ˵ģһ·ˣల£ʹɡ
ǸԼһܺΡ䣬Ҳ
ǣʵ
ӦǵͫйѪսӱһĵ˵˲Ļ
ȸո˵ʦүʱҪ𺳣˶ƺվƵһ㡭ôȷ㲻Ǹո𣿡
˿ٸʱжϣֻǳս۵ӱŻαԼһطӱݣΪ֪ʹӱҲǲͬģǱ˵˿ɲߵֿɱȡǳսûһˣǻţغܶ˻ҪǵȻ͸Ӳҳˡ
սϻȻ֪ܶ飬ЩôŹأԼʹӱҲǳս۵ӱ
֪Ҳɵıմһ
˫ۼʧˣԼĹ૵ǾȻǳս۵ӱһֱ˵⣬̫̫ӵ²ִ᷸ԭġ
Ǻǣ˭֪أһСҴ֣Ҳķ˴ء
ʱ˳飬鸴ӣԪȼûи׽ĳݸУϾʱ
ͻȻ׼ô˵
ϲÿγᵽǼ飬ϰԵıԼ
ֻ棬һάԪȼӣиոܿˣ˳ӵãҲ˵
˵̲סҡʱСƣֻ֪Ǵжرǣǽһֱ϶̫ӵǺˡ
תͷ㣬˼ƺѾ֪ԷˣϾһﲻСı¶̫ࡣ
ȥҲ̸ڵľƾǴ󵱼Һʦү̥Ҫӷǣɱ˵žͽ˴һЩ飬ͷ
Ϳ飬ֱȥɣҲ¡
ŵͷ뿪
˸ո뿪һʮˡ
ֱӵʮȷİȫ
ոմѹϯ˸ָ̼߳һ仰˵ڣʮҲֻ鸴ӵȥˡ
ͬʱ󵱼뿪ϲ磬һηηһھϷһܣϴµպô뾮С
󵱼ǰԱߵĸӣܿıһ˫ֱ󣬻ʪӰӾﱻ
󵱼ǰ鿴ͻȻһҵĿŵ˻̧ͷԾǲЦݣӴˣ
󵱼ۣԽӻ⾮ˮֱͨˮȻͲ㣬ֶ㡣
ǰ˭ػأ˵ءҴ󵱼ҪֱӶǸãҪҡ
㵹Ǵ󵱼ȻһӻԽͲֹһ޺ˡԽƺһ򰡣Ǽ졣˵ҲҪʹ죬ɱҲҪи𣿡
Խ̬ô󵱼ŭͷȻֳһӣǿŶԷԾ̸Ц־û˼
ԽҵСţȲһ㣬Һܺ浽ʲôĥЧѵҪѻץǰɱ𣿡
ǿ²ܣﶼ֪
ǺǣԭΪǻСʱһӰ룬ôðգ𣿿ֵҲˡ󵱼Ц
˵壬ҲСۣҺͻСʱȥӪײ˾ͣˡõżǵڣ
󵱼ҶʱŭɶǣֵܶôתӪôᡭ
Խ΢΢ۣ԰ô뵽ͫйѪսΪ̫ӵµӱôء˵ĳͷˣ˾͸ԶϳӪ
죡󵱼ŭ㣬˫۶Ҫ͹ˡͫйѪսԶἰ¡
ѽôðˣϳӪֵܶ˵úõءԽЦŵ
Ǵ󵱼ȴƺôģɫѿݺݵĵԽ
Խȴô˵Ҳԣ㵽˵˵ΪɶӱǸ̫ӵһսȥսǻһӵġ
ֲӮսôᡭ󵱼̲ס
ԽһôӮǿ̫ӵ°䶼˵ˡ
Ҳܲס󵱼Ҫ˵ͻȻ洫Խɫ΢䣬ǰ㱨󵱼ҲˣҵԺʧˣû˼ҳ
ʲôСӣҪڴˣ󵱼Ҵһֱһ֣תԽ˲͵ȥþʹͨһ
ȷָƽͻȻִˮ̤ұڵʱ䣬ھˡ
䱧Խھߡ
װˣͲһҾ֪ˣ
ȴĬҪϿ
ܡ
죡伸ǱŭĵԽѾһΣ̫֣ҪȻҾʹȣ
Ż伸ŭ˵Խ㶣ЩεֻҪ֪࣬㲻֪׷ôãòһ˿Ըˡ
Ҳ˵֪࣬ˡΪʲôҪӣҪԼ
ûԼ˼ҡ鲻ֱʳ飬Ҳһ˵ȫࡣһΣһΡҪȻв㿩
˵ãһ˵ֱըѣ˵վֱбвҲ֣
Խƿԣ֪ЦˣֶϽţ㻹Ƕһ㶼ᡣ
㻹˵ǺŭԽ֮ǰԽľٶĺ޲˼˻ʲô鶼ͻ۸ˡô뵽ô˼ַʽвʲô˼
ʵһʱǰҵǿŴ󵱼ҴȥģӦøŴ󵱼ңȴܵľԽ档
ʱʱ˲õԤУϽȥܳһˡ
ҲųˣҲ˲ֱӷȥ
ͨһոմˮи𣬾һˡ
ѽʲôôһܼ𣿡
Ƿ䱾ܵһѱסˣŷ¡
ô㿴û¡
ιԽΪҪˮأϾľպõҪͲ͵ĳ̶ȣˮ±̹ǣǺòҵһķʽűⱻˮţɲȥ
ͻȻ֮ԽоʮϤ;ȵ䣿
ȷˣ˵˿


163 
˾ڣҪ⿪ԽԽϽֹҿ׳˺ܶõϢأܼʱȸ
䲻ŵĿԽԽ÷ɫҲѪۣʱѪӿŭɶֹûУҪÿζţ˵һҪһ̣
Խһ޹գգۣⲻû㼱ʲôǰǲ鰸ðյֲûУзִ硣
㡭ڼһ⣬ҿô죡
ǻȻˡԽָŻֱЦõıĶ࣬׬˾С
ȴ޲ҧָһҳһأ
Զٵģǰǳ˵Ҫÿ𣿡Խ֪ˣ˵Цһ£գ⻰һͿɫˡ
԰ܾúܾûһˡ
ŵӣãҧֱĶԽ
Խ΢ѹסеĲʣֹŻļ򣬺ֵܰģ𣿿Ҳֻܻˣ׻˵úã㲻˭
ֱûĿԽֱ֣ӱɶݺݵĶˣԽȴЩޣȴԾɸš·ʲô֪ľƵģ˭ҲûŲߡ
ջĵĶˣԽŲߣʲô
ףƵġ
˭˭
֪
ȥ
һ𡣡
ֲ书ױ¶ȿ飿
ǡ
ԽȴܿüֻҪ󵱼ҲҾͺܰȫʱʵڲ⣬ȥ
ҧҧջԽᶨˣǴСɵϰߣĶϰ
һȦĻܿףͶҡ
Խ
ʲô
Խվŭֹ𣿡
㲻˵Ҫݾ𣿡ü
ǿǡôܴ裡ǻأ
ҿͦԸİɣ˽ƣ˶ˣ߲һֱ𣿶ڡӦʲôƻ
Խ죬˶ɵˣڼҲ벻ͨ飬ӦòԼɣֲ
أԽϽʵ
ĿǰûκϢӦǰȫġ
ź£óףʽ֣Խǲţ˵ˡ
ǡɷ򲻾Сڣصʱ˵ôడҪĺ棬ھ͸ߣȥǡ֪Ǹ󵱼Һȵʲôʱͻˡ˵žҪ⿪Խ
ԽȴǶ㿪ˣʣѹԼľ֣ǿڵȻмƻҸӲʧ鷳˵˴ɷ򲻾Сڣ˼ҳ鶼ҼˣҲˮһݣ
ι㡭
ԽֱӴϵģԽǱʲô
ٴαסȻشʹɽ֮󣬳͢ǱѾϢɴǰ֧Ԯ
һǱȻҪߵġ
ôӵõΧɽ
ӵĳɹˡԽЩԼϵ˿ڡկ˺ס
Ҫը󾪡
ԣҪȻΪΪʲôʣ͢Կܻӣ̸ʹУֱ˽˶ԹףȫΪѾȫ˵׼
Χɽѵ벻ҪŪһƱ֮ըᳯ͢׷ǣó͢ԪˣȻҲû׷ǡժ߾Ϳȫܿ׷ſԶһɻƽʣµ
ҪճǼƣҲûôϵ˲˵Գٲһ
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һҪǣġǴӱˣ
׼ȷ˵ˣǵع⣬ܳҪȻҲûʲôġ
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ԽɫͻȻ֪󵱼˭𣿡
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俴ԴǵԽͻȻҪ֪顣
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˵仹磬ͻȻɫ΢䣬־Ҫ⿪
ԽϽ㡣ˣ
¶ɫԽҴ㡣˵ЩҲǼ飬ͬһ취ôһ뵽
УԽȴ֣׾ٵĻᣬʲôʱôˣ
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˽ԽҲһ۾Ϳʲôֱȥƻ䣬ߣ
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ȻʵϣĵطѾԽЮˡ
һвˣԽЦһԩҵķռϷ磬һֻǧĺ꣬թϢÿһ֡Ż㶣ԽֱӴյĶߵ㲻ϣСǻҵĴС
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ȻԸߣһȥɣ仹ûзӦͱԽһӵֱ㵹ˤ˾С
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˲һɢ⡭Ķϰ
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伴ʹ棬Ҳ㹻ӻÿһӶһŭɶ
ⷢԽʧˣЦ뿴ʧһ˲䣬ȿĻˡǾˣԽһΡ
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ԽԼİǻˣҲҼսߣֻЦҸոǲǱƼ˭㲻ģû㣬ҡ
㻹˵ֱץסԽһŤ۵Խ졣
ˣˣ˵Ҵˣ߿𣿡ԽϽǱʧ϶⣬˵Ѿʼжˣȥϡ
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ʦүϽϣǷ²ɢأ书ǿôܳ£󵱼һǱŶҵˣǻȥȾƣֵǿɶأ
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󵱼ͱŭԴһȫǱҽܵķ˼ΧҲͬ˼ʱʦүҲˣܵĿſڡ
ͻȻһɽկɲǽƣǽƾǶҺȵĶ࣬Ȼι²ģԷ²ֻմһ㣬ǽж
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ʦүᶨа취˵ԻַڧϾֻ˭Ҳ֪ʲô飬󵱼Ҿ²̱ƹ
ʦүֱͦͦƿ󵱼ңߣų֣ǴȴͻȻ
ʲôʦүŭ
ʲô㷴ʵҿҪɱأɱڣ


164 
ʦүɫ˱䣬е˲𣬡˵
У㲻кĽⶾҩֱӸǸ֤㶯֡㱾͸ʦүԸ⡪ȻûǺ
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ǻţãڡӦץԼ·ɳƵң
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ֱ˲ôп⡪
󵱼ѹƢǵõĴȻǡֵ֪Լж֪ΪǶҰŪεġ
ųݼѩⲻÿԼܵܡۣе㻳ɣǲǼˣ֪࣬ǶҪƭˣȻҲɵˣû뵽鲻ôϷ
ѩۿŲˣ򡪴󵱼ҾóûãʱͷܾҪ˳͵󵱼ңûˣȰ˹ɣȴҵ顣
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Ϊʲô˵ʦүʴ㡣
ѩȴʦүΪʲô鶼ڡ²ϣǸʲô˽ǰʶΪʲôʼ˵;鲻ˣҲ˵Ȼ˼ѡ¶ǱȻǲ¶˷֡˵ܶķ²֪֣Ƕ֪ܲΪʲô򶷣ȣûжĺۼϵĲˮҲûֻ²·ˣⲻ֤ڶ׼ʱͻȻ𣿡
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ʦүԾ򶨽ƱһǾ仰ɽµƴҶ֪Ҫ䣬ûκκҵĶ󵱼ұǣǻҪҪ
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ҲţϾ󵱼ҺʦүկҪǳͻˣǾ⻼ˡ
Ƕ˴󵱼ҵӣ˶Ȱ˵ʱ򣬴󵱼ҷøӺԼ˼վʦүǱ˵ˣѾʼ⡪Уʦү²ҪֵȨ
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ʱ鵭ȻҵʱȷܶʦүڽеģҪңǰӴҽǱߵ֪Գ˽ⶾҩƣҡͱʹŪˣҸµĶľ֡
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ҲˣԭûкףǰԽ˵Ϳʼˣԭд󵱼ұץʦүߣǱȻҲףǺڵڡսлûвɣûãǲ֪Сô˽ɽٰǼˣʦүӦǲֻߣúס
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˵꣬˶ˣ˼άٴεתȴֳ˵ĺ
㵵Ŀų飬ʵôв׵ĵط
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165 
ѹִ󵱼ֻǽܶ˸ɽǱߵĳڣԭҪǵ롣ѩ֪
ǵ֪ͨɽ¡Խ
ܣԽӱץ֮󲻾ã󵱼ҾѾɽկǵ˽ˣڶ˰֣Լ̽ӣ书˳ȥǲܵġǻ书أҪ뿪ɽҲѡ
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ҽܣӦͦģǾȻһ㶼ûз֣
˶ҡҡͷѩڵʵʿʼÿжѵǽܲԸ룬ǴԼԺ棬ҲżĳΪʲôߣҲûܵģʱһҪ͵ҩȾǱߵȻԶ߸߷ɡ
ûκϢ涼ֹ̫۵ӣ˲ɵĶ˳飬·ѾγԳΪԵж塣
Ҳ·ϰԵķ·ҽܼȻկÿ԰æѲӣկеʲôط춯󣬶󷨺ֻҺԽŴҽܣæѰҡ
ҽͷӦ£΢΢üƺ˼ʲô
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֮䣬ΪԴ󵱼ȫûȤӱˣʦүһҪԼһġ
˶ˣ̲סڵ㣬ǶǹȻܶſոյĻ˵ҾԽӺ칫ӶʮִȻľǳˣԭΪһӵСû뵽ıôҲԸǵġ
ѩһȷ
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ѩһµܵܵͷҪʱЩ
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ʱΪ̫ӵĥԼϣԼ˫ȫ㵽뾩ǣ֪ݵλ϶붫Ҳŵ¼λ֮ԼҲͨѡңǶഺʱĵˡ
ȻҲʲô˵飬ȻҲΪ˼˶ԼԽǳˡ
һߣѾĿĵأ԰汻󵱼Ҳ˿أǹ̶վλţ߶Ѳߣʱ̾裬̶ȣҪôȥ
ҡ۲һĳͻȻڵ漴ץס֡
ҪͷͻȻͳŻ԰һȥ
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԰ֲ˺ֲܶǶȵֲպïܣа˸ߡһȥͱ鰴Ŷ
һֻѲߵתʼµѲߣȻѾ˴Ƥˡ
ڰַһʮֻҪˣԼжӿϢǱС
ӦҴԱֱ۴ϵĳȴϢƽȣ·ովɢ˸ƵģĿѾתǰ棬ˡ
ﳤ˸ֲ˵ǻ԰ʵҩ԰жҩӶ࣬ݴҽܵ˵浽ǻ壬ʦүΪ˷ֹ˽뻨԰ĵҩ®ֻһ·ǰȫģǾǴӴſͨҩ®ŵĵʯ·ֻҪ·ϣȻȫ¶ڸҰеģϾʦүԼҲؾ֮·ϣֻ·
һԳԸûѶȣҪҵĳɵĴںڰдԽΣյĻ԰һʮ·
ܿһʮϢĲҩ®ݶϣҩ®ĺ棬һȴ档
Ĵ˳ʦүڸԼ¶Իǻ˵ж飬ȻʦүҲȷǲԼĶ˵ӦǵģǱȴ̫ԣҪǳıƶа
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ɵĿ飬Ҳ¶ɻҪɱԪȼ⣬֪Ԫȼǳ˿ûмʦүĻоɳ𰡡
ɻ䣬ͻȻԺ𾯱
֪ΣգֵǣΪʲôֻгľûԼģͰһ𰡡
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һ˲ҲȻ쵽ʲôͷһͿɫ׵ץһֻߣǶǡ
Ȼһһߴߴ类նϡ
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166 
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ԭ̽ģȴ׵ĿˣΪƣԼڣԷܿץס©ƭ
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ҲǰصʱʧɱʦүŮʦүҪһоͺˡʲôˣܾʧȥǵʱ˿ɡ˵ӦöǱɱˣҲص
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һ̣Ǻ޲ȥݺݵסǵĵϡ
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167 
һηеȴϢҲΪҵǣ˼Żʲô԰ﵽҡ
ͻȻ洫ˡ
ǸݸոռεѲʱ䣬ӦûôŶԡ
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ովɥ֮ʹĴ󵱼Եʮһ־š
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168 
ֳֵУڴ󵱼ҵĲϡ
󵱼ݺݵĿǰˡ
ǡǡ
˵ֱӴ󵱼ҵߡ
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󵱼Цһ˵Խ˵ǺףǹǲˣΪ׼ѾǰñǲˣĸҲˡ
󵱼⻰һ˲䵹ûǺԼȻˡ
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˵ÿһǶԵģһƿȫ֡
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󵱼Ȼ̧ͷĿԽû뵽ԽǾȻ뵽һ
ԽĲɵļҵ֪һУҾ֪ģ㲻ϻؾǣһηǵǵܴ۶𣿡
󵱼ͫһԽ׼ȷסߴ磬̰ѳ͢սѣֵܣҲԼļ֣֪ԼԻǰ£Ըˡ
ûӱû֪ͫйѪսл£ǵļ˸սͫйصʿһõ˳͢ĸҲΪʲôǼٺֵһֱŽԭΪǶ֪һȫ¶ǵҲᱻ۶Ϊ˸Ե˼壬ǲܻؾǣֻܹﵱɽĨȥԼĴڡ
޷ӳȥǾͱȫл뿪ɽΪû˻ȥһȺ˵ɽĳܱסǻǡ
Ѿ޿Ĵ󵱼ҶԣǼһһЩھǣܲܲˡ
ǻ䵱飬󵱼ȴҲǡҪ֪֪ˣܻɱ֮
ǣ㲻һֱҪøһǰԸǵİ취Խ
󵱼ȴ̲סЦ˵Ŀԡã˵
һ˿˵飬Խͻ䲻ɵվֱ壬·ڿԹĳһ㼤
һֱɵ飬ΪԪȼҲΪԽӳ͢䶯е˿ĳЩıѾõĶԽƶԪȼ⡣
ǵ굽׷ʲôǲö֪
ڴ󵱼һĽУǿһ档
꼸µսԪȼĴ£ڰܱսţŴ߾ܳǿ£꣬һüÿһս۶ӮƯĲУ˶أĽǼóĿ⿴Ĵ
ЩûеǣϢ˲֪̫ӵΪֻ޹ؽҪ˭뵽߸ϵ˻߾ͬʹ࣬ɱУͲȴĽǶҪҲӪʻ˳޲̫̾ӵĲŻıȫµĴͷҲշķһ˳ǿߵ˶ĸһ壬
˵ˣǴ󵱼ֵܶʵҲЩѪгݡ
ʱǶΪսˣȴ̸ɣЩ쿪ʼи̫ӵȴԾɽ˾Ѳߣ˿⡣
ܿ죬Ƿ쳣߾Ĵׯսʼʱ򣬾ͳ˿ʧ٣Ͼսҵı߾ʧҲ˱ֻԼѰҡ
ȵӵѲ߹ŷֲԣ߾ʮ䣬Ѿһˣ㣬ʧˡ
Ԫȼ˱ʣµĴ䣬ȻʼѰʧ˿ڣǺܿ죬ٵ˻㱨ֹͣˣԾһ־Ӳڱ߾ϡ
ǳƣԪȼΪʤһĴȻҪǰȥ徯档
ȴŵʱ򣬿ĿѵһĻ
ʧ˱ѹľǰΪǵһϣΪĳԴ󲿷ֶڵ˼˸ŮСеӤĿ޺Ⱦÿһ߾ʿۡ
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ʲôս̸ǼٵģôܵİвԪȼǺˣҪս
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Ե̫ӵ²Ǽôϲһе׷ʹ򣬶ǶԷ˱߾ͯŮҪɱǲĿţҲ󣬲òʱ䶯
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ʧأŹԪȼǰȾԼļˡΪǿ·̫ӵһܽһС
ԪȼȷҲôģİգҪȡ
ԪȼѸ²ãϵ͢ϵӽв͵ɣ֪о˶ɱʱֻΪӵ¼Ȼ˻ṲͬŬ⣬Ȼǵͬ
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󵱼˵ڱˣ·𿴵˹ȥľһ㣬ֹסĲ
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Ǻܿ죬Ʊ仯սһһս·ϡ
󵱼ֻ֪һֱ˶ĶȴǴϢǵĴ󷽱ľ͵Ϯ絽Ԯȴһֱûг֡·ıؾ֮Ҳľǰõսɱƻй¶ˡ
󵱼ҵĶԭҪ֧Ԯ̫ӵڵ·ģǸϹȥʱֻĻҩأΧɱѪȻ棬˵ʬѻɽֻʣ¼ǧ˻ԡѪսǵĴƺѾǽ¿
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ԳǴŵĶ飬ڴ󵱼Ҿڰȫ˵ʱԳֱһɱ˳ǺȵԼˡ
ȻһɱʼԳǴŵ˲ɱӳĲбҲɱ׷飬һ
һĻĴ󵱼ʶ˲ԾʱԼ˶
󵱼ˣһжı֪ǱȻ͢ڣֻܴߵɽ
ڲúǵ֪ͫйѪսĶʮȫûһڵϢҲֱ룬ôǳأѪȾɽӡ
ʱӵûоսҵĳǳҲĻ̻̣Ҳֹ·Ҷˣֱҳɽߵˣ»ʵǻɽӡ
ĴŽһƵ̫ӵϡΪڱʤʱҪ׷ˣŶʮȥ±߾ʧأ˿ڡѪծȫѹ̫һ˵ϣ˶ʹ̫ӡ
̫Ϊʲôû֪ȴš
ΪʲôӣҫԲ̺սԸϲ
϶ΪԼ
ʱܳÿһطƺһ䡣
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󵱼˵ĶԼ֪ӱ֪ģٶҲ֪ˣǽǻЩᣬ£һͨģȴһп࣬ҹλضЩԸԣҲԸؾǡ
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ÿ˵һһȭ˻Ƶɽ͸С
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㣡ŭƲסɱͷԽƺϣ˵Щʲôô󵱼֪߷ߡ
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ôģôӻģڵ֪ԼĴ󵽵ں澭ʲô
ԽͻȻ֪ȥ֮ôԳˡ
ڴʱʯŴ򿪡
վˣʮ·ʲôʹļ䣬סһһסһɫ԰ףȴԾǿװ򶨡
ֻгһվ棬ƺûκηӦ


169 
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ԪȼĴƶãȻٵ޴룬ʹ࣬
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֪ǵжǿˣƭ˳ס
˶ˣǱڶ߲ϵѭ˵жôġ
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ԪȼҲˣ̫ˣѴˣܿͻᱻ˷ֽɱ
ҲģҪȥҪ֪ΪʲôҪ
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ĥòάƽ⣬߳ԨֻѾϰԨ߰ˡ
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󵱼ҿȫ֮ͬǰĳ飬ˣһεѹ֮£ܵĵͷ
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170 
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Ȼҳɢȥµʯֱӽͨһȫס
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ǰԭļֹΪľͷһޱԭ˱־ԵӡҲϳԼͬС˾ˣŵţХ
Хԭвδֻ֣ἰˣ˵Բһ׷󽣵ѧһһĵɫټСүӵ漣缴ʹŬһЩ飬ҲУ·Ϊʧ㣬ҲҪһѪ
֮ǰȷΪǻصʱС˾˳ȥˣֻϢԼǡ
Ϊʲôﰡ
Ȼ㣬Х·ȫȷʲôƵġ
ֱһʺţȴûʱʣϽѰӰܿһ͹ʯͷϣ˼Ҫȥ󣬶ʱѾһ֪ʲô
֪С˾Ǹ֣ϽС˾ˣˡ
ХָķҲûж˵ϻֱӷɹȥ׾ٵķ
Ͻżǰ鿴ֺڣֻǶͷѪǱҵˡ׼˽ӹ
ˡͻȻС˾˿ڵ
ͷ˿ϵȷбʯͷ˵ĵطǼ򵥵Ƥ˲Ҫ
С˾Ҳûж˵ʲôֱӾͱδŸ󣬱͸һ޻Ƶģ
࡭лЩΣʵԭС˾˹ϵǲ̫õģһգһСȫ·ӣԭ۸˱С˾˴һ֮˾ûκνˡ
ôûе䣬ʵҲǿϳ
С˾ˣ㾿ôͻȻģ
ХˣĴ˵ʱ򣬿ǣһֱš
һʱûзӦ
˵ȥΣյĵط㡣
Ϊʲôǣȴ¶棿
Ϊûϳ㣬ǵ˾Ӫ͵ɽկ棬ȻһȺûҵҼе㣬ΪڱץУҲʣң͸ǡ·Ⱥʵʱ򣬿͵һˣ׼ʣ鷢չ̫죬˺ͲòȻ󡭡ҵХ˵껹һĵͷ仯ܴҶûϳ
ȫסԶ֪ʲôӦˣľ˾˾ȫһֱǣͬһҲæҲɱģһһԼȫԼǶǰļңԭС˾˶Լıʽǿ͵
Ҫ鲻飬̲סƾ书ոȫֱɱ˵ġҶ֣
Ϊ棬ǰ䣬׾úźŵģ뿴ǲѾʼˡҿţ¶
ڲͳ𣿣
Х΢΢ü޹ء
·˵ԼûעûҲûע⵽ʵߡ
оС˾˵һҪٵĸоС˾һӣƸҲûʶڡôţͲΣʵҾֱУ˭⡣
߰ɣﲻȫˣ
߰ûͱڷ϶й©¹ǿж˺ܶපڣ֪ͨδȻʧ˷򣬹ֻܰѰҡ
С˾ֱԾʯͷϰ͵ǰˡ
һ룬ĪǸո𶯽Ǿͽˣ
Ͻǰ̽·ȻþͿ˷ɱĽŲͿҫĻ⡣
һŭĺ

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ƺһ֮󣬻ֱӶһ£ȻӰѸڻ谵ͨ
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û챻һûбղ
ΣաһֱӰС˾˵ڸǰ鵶ֱָ顣
һ㶣ûӦͿذףԼĽǶȹХɱħɱħƶХ˿ХĪ˷ǿ߶սʱıܸоͬʱԺҲһɻ
˲ǡ书
ˣй¶̶ֳȵɱȻǶġ
ʱһʮ˾ϽסһХѹǸ֡
ſ壬˫ֱסλãǲĺ죬ºһֺڳʶʲôҩ®ĶԻ˲ĿһһǸոԼڵʱ򣬳ΣգԸ̼ˡ
ʹˡ
ʱһӿΧֱӳȥХһʮţûסͿһѱס˳顣
ܣ侲ұ֣Լˣ
Х˲סֽţЩãĿţһȥܵʱǵģܶ໭ʵûпҲǵʲôϵ
ˣΪܸоƲסɱȴڱסһ˲ʧˡ
һʮҲȵͣ£ոǸסӣͣ
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Ǿסһ˲䣬סˣȻȻɿذףıס

ڣڰ㰲ȫˣûˣûΣˣǲëˣˣҪҪֹҩ
ߡ
ڰôˣ⣬˵ǣûȫʧأʲô
ƿһ㣬ͷȥͶһˮǲĺɫ֣ͬˮлþˣֻӵӳ
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оһĪΪԼδжɸеǣİˡҲƣû취ոǲ֪ôأ
鿴һҲֻúõıʻȷžУ֮㡣
˭ʲôϵͻȻɷ羰
˲˫һסԼһأͬǰƣХ
⻰ʡ˵ոտ˶ͬѰάðСӣ


171 
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ŵĳһһʱһ£һʮҲ
Хü
ХҲĻӡ
Ͻǰεĸ˽ܡХһݣʱɻּǱߵıܣôĹϵô׽§§ʲôӣ
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ϽʵˣҼǵߵʱǱ߲Ǳסôģأﻹ᲻ٷը
ֱ֣ǰߵ߱˵ҲԺúøҽһ£Ϊʲôš
εЦЦоץԼֲ֣ŷ˵ļˡ
һ˿ʼߣ·˵ʱʱ治ǳðգ޿κΣ޷ǻϣҲֻȥֹΣˣһϲǺܿȫ˴Ҳ˵ˣֻǳ鲻ϲ
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ĻХһֱߣȻôΣյ飬һûӵĳ
ʱѾߵܵͨĵطһʮֱ֮ǰڿܻʼҵˣǾͱ٣ⱻ֡
Խͻæµڴʣµĺףαը
ԭʱһɤӵʱѾͨˣֻǱ󵱼ҵ¶档
һʮɱһѪ·Ŀ˺ڰͨУ˵׷ȥһʮȻ
һ̣¡һ죬ʯ£סȥ·
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һʮϽǰæ
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Խͽժһ˵ķڣֱ׷ʵ
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Խֱӽ⿪ȱˣǸϽȥﲻ֪ʲôʱ򻹻Σա
ȱ⿪ԪǸϽסԽأΣˣǲ֤Σˣ
Ӧûڴ򣬵ܱﰲȫ
ͻ令Ź³ȥԪż
ʱ򱻽⿪ҲȸһȫĵطȴԮ
ԽɨˣҺͻ䲻ȥæҺףǴҾͶɡλӦöʲôдΪء
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ңûѪζҲû˱˲һ
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׾ͼһƬ߻ᾭ
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ͷӦҲ˵µĽȻҪΪ·ǡ
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Ǵһٿ˫ʱŷ˫ֲϸ˿ڣͽְʯͷʱ˵ġ˵ֽץ
΢ȴȫûᣬץĸˡ
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˵ӣϽǰ鿴㱳ģϾ׽ġ
ǽ滹ҪȥԱ˵ǽХХνˡ
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ֱӵԳǣɱˡ
ûڧ͢կѹԵĶսկ˻ָ󵱼Ҵֹæأ󵱼ҵʬ壬֪ʲô군ˡ
ǻȴЩ˾ȻѾûдߵˣҲ˵ӱǶˣٽۿԳɱ˼˶ܿ˾ֱߵ˵Ļ棬ˣȻԳѾ֪˵ݣֱѡڡ
Ҫڸࡣ
ȻðԽȴúܣΪ֪ԪȼԣͲҪˡĿҲϴԼЩν֤ûжν
뵽ԭлµԳҲǵõġ
ץֱӷֿڵϡ
ҲӵƵչˣ·ɽկ㳡ʱͿ˴ڸߴĿ֮ϣĺ֮ȻɱѪԣŵȷ磬ȶԣȳԪǺӾڴǰˡ
ӼʱϣӸ³˵һ䣬ǿ͡
ʱԪǺʧرŭ
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ȷѾ˼ޡ
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Х˵ݽ˾ӪȻǷһӪС
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ٺˣ͸Ͻȥľش϶ȽŻãⲻҪʶġ
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ˣǲȥɽϣȥɣҪЩ˭ġľش˳˽
һôˣɻգգۡ
Ͻвˣȿˣһȥ
ľشɨһȦȿȻֿ˳顣
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172 
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Ҳûоʧֱ̧ľشһ˵ֱӾͿʼ
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ľش˵ʲôͱֹҲ裬ҴỹҪȥ飬˵
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֪Ҫȥҽܵ飬Ҳ

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΢΢üֱӴľش֣ҲˣϢ˴ɽ
ľش죬Ҳûзƾˡ
֮ǰԳӣüľشɽǺܼ򵥵ġ
ľش֮˼ҩͯæҴˣҩ֮Ҳжʹȥҽܵ顣
ھȨ˶ɽϣֻԪǺӪԹԹأжᣬձ²ĳڣǺͳƴġ
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Ǹ۲ӪصֹɽϵǰԼӪʿϢ
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Ӫ洫ƿһͼѾѹһܾ״̬Լ֮£ֱӴӴϹˤ˸ʵ
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Хڼ壬Ҳȷ߳һƺû⡣
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תҪлϽֹ̫ˣһðգ˭˭ֵܷôҶˣϽϢɡ
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ܵҪץסʲôģȴʶԼʲôûУĲɵӿһַ̬
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ǰɫŻصߡ
ХһֱЯıУֻиһμʱγһΡ
ոҺХ֣ĿХһۡ
ХҲǸոձѵһ£Ƶ³֣ҪȻôһ˵οǶԼû˽⣬Ҫǿļһ
࡭л
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ЦЦҽᱻƽǽܶҲĻš
ҽ˲ɫŵĿų飬Ӧû˵ǵݲŶ԰ЩӦҲʶǡ
һ죬һôϴˢԩֻҪһ飬շʮկǡǵıҲĳһ̰ҡ
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ҳŵұö˵ĿĿǣƺ˵̫ࡣ
ѩӣ·һѹסƵģɵĳѾչ¶Ĵǣ˵ҪΪƽ˵Ϊʮկǽܶ˵ҲĸԸ
ѩٶʣֱŴųģǳҽܶ˵ˡ
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鵹ôϾӦõĻر
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ų飬ҲȷԸΪ˴ҵ׶иõİ취ԻΪʲôأ
ֻһǹӣΪһߵĸıʿȻ͸¶ǵĽףӦ֮˵˼ȨǽĿ²ǳ飬ĴôѩòСӦԡĹϵһ׺ĶĸŮˣݶԱȣĸŮ˿϶Լˡ
˵֮󣬴ѩͽŵĿų飬Ϊǽܶѡİ֮·
ޱ飬ĿЩɢĿԶѩʲô뷨ܲµģȷһŮˣͻȻĿһ˼ɲĻȣת˽ǶԴѩװûпԶˡ
һʹ㿴߹ȥҲû뵽ҪϾȫͬķλҾý̸е˿˱ȻֹͣԻ
ܱǸ֮ˣҪˡ
ˣҲδҪȢңҸԸΪ檡ѩ֪ԼϴףҲɽˣǹӸǲȢģҲûֻҪһȹ̵Ĺϵȷ͵ܵܰȫˡ
ʱȴȫעĿŴѩԶ½ǣԭ̬ȴסˡ
΢΢𣬡ǹˣ˵֮˵˼ǽֻѡһ飬ֺء
⡭۳ĻǼ٣ʵڲУǴѩҲֻܷ
ȴֱӵã˴֮䶼ݲµˣԡ
ȿȿȡ
һֱվںܾСһˣֱӿȳһǵͨ죬޴Ŀǡ
еģһ˴ѩ飬;ԼʧҪȻΰδڸװôôϣǡŲ֪ôˣŲֻеôش𡣷˶͵һôˣ
֮˵ʱĿһ£Ǻܿ췴ӦӦ֮ʣCPԣкܶŮ棬֮һǼ٣ⱲӱҸľӰԣϿԴCPˣǳôϻ۵˲ݣοҲûиĸŮ׽һǾܾĽڡ
ôˣֺΪɶܾҲˣԭǴӦģΪʱѾûڲٵӵжŮˡΪѩûиʲôϵֻһŵ鲢ûиʲôӡֱһ
ԭĴӦȴܾʲôµĿ𣿻˵ֹûʵĻΣŪĸʥƵġ
һ룬ɵˡ
֮˾Լ
ôãôĲ˵ֻԵģǣҪǵ֮һԼҪˡ
ϱ㲻Ҫǵδϱѡǰֱ֪նпԵҥҪǴȥˣ군ˣ
ûԼȱȥعѾվߣһĺ󱳣һְ§ᣬʲôʱˣһôˣ
һ
һ޹ĳ飬ȴգһۣƺϵ˼ֻεĿѩ
ѩʱѾʮϾ˵ģǵ˼Ұ˵ǰ˵ֲ֪ν顣ֱҪطȥˡ
Ȼ֮ǰеܣװ֮ٵʱҲΣȴ֪ԭġȷ鿴κ˵ʱ±ЦŵģҲûжЦ⣬Ǹոտʱü۶ЦƵģе鲻Ǽٵġ
ġѩڣʵǸп̾Ҳû
ǳȴͻȻﲻţڽƴ𣿡
ѩһ㶣ʵ棬ϽҪϡû˼
˲ͽסˡ
Ŀһѡ˴ʱ°ͣһת
һӣԭͱ§ŵһ㵣嶼ŽӲˣĿǳÿһ羫µĴԼĴĥţġǴμȡҺȫͬһ֡оĸоȫ

ܿһķſȻŵ˯ŵĶɽоһֱҪǰ۵̫࣬˻ᣬȴûǵĸֻȺȿҲܹܱ
ȶˣԾɱ§š
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173 
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Ѿ崻ոоҪˡ
ǡģˡˣѾ벻κΰ취ˣܲܵڲ𴩳ɣţͲ
ķӦɲ̫⣬§ֲû˿ſ˼
ûϵѾˡЦЦĿѩδҲֵиķģҸոճŵıȻʵ֣
ѩԭͦΣһ䣬лǾԦ֮ǸոյĳŵҲģûһԵǴҲ˵³֮˿ܻ񾡹أҲֻܼˡǶԵС
ѩǷ񣬳鿪ڵǳɹʮկ̻ͨϵһһЩϢ
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ϧıʿһӣǽԸͶЧ
תŴ뿪Ҳûʲôźġ
ľĻУֱ˵ǻȥɡ
ŽӲתͷһѾһʮͲӰˡ
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һʲôѵĶ
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⻰һֱɺת࣬ŵĲͣȻһֻΪ˼ҹģ汳š
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ҲǣҪһ黹Ǻܼ򵥵ġ
˵žߣ·ǾЩΣ䴽Ǵĸо
ֻûһϾڵĳĬڣ̲ס롣
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ǵԭеȷշȥͳһʮկΪṩƷ͢ıҪ֣ҲΪıӵнṩ˵Ҳõ˼ĥһʱ䣬ͳΨһկٶ֮զ࣬ȻĻ֮˾Ǵѩʦʱ;ֻǺ̫
꣬ûĻشתͷȥͼɻΪʲôȥշʮկʲô
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Сʲô𣿡ԿѪҳɫǳ԰ףԵʮƣ
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ʱһŵĺܾԼһܾľشֱȥ¹ˣҲֻóһš
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ߣȴס


174 
ͯϤһ㣬ӻûнͻȻסеĻš
Ҵӽס֮һ仰˵졣
ЩξͿڵ½סʲô¶𣿡
˵ľˡͻȻڵ
ǡɻ
һңҾҡӵ
ͷ
ܶǲ˲ţֻϧˣպҪʱӭ͵һرδ֮ˡǺúÿǡЩ˵
ѾѡӻǶŸɹ֮ǰֻежһĴҲûгûԸǻµģԲ顣
ҴӾþһΣѾܼˣ˾͸ѡˣοһʼѡһСƨء
ʹһᣬŲˡ
ǳ鴤ɵĸ̾䲻ģδʤķʽ
ͯǰļĻӻ̫СŴӣδǰ;ġ
ȥߣȺ֪ķˣʸŵ˲ǰ;ġ
ûлشת֮ǰ˵һ⣬ˣôô죿ɽϲǺܶص𣿡
Ǿûɶģֱͯ˵ܹܴһʿ˾ͨһӾ͸㶨еͻء
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ܹ鵱Ȼˣԭܹûгֱɽȫ͵ʱŷЩ֣֪֮ӱݣѾȫˣҲ޴ʡ
һȻ̲һǽһģԳһǰнӵ˻ϵָʾӱܹȻǷæȻǵģվһš
ʵЩ㲻ܹôģԭ֪ҲԾڹԪȼΪʲôһйص˺¾ͱôء
²תܹܺڲԶûಡ
ܹܡ
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Խһ±ƣԾûб顣
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ԽĵϷֱĿԽ֣ٷϻ
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ܹܻóмɻ䣬ܹ߸̫࣬һʮױ¶Ҫܹܵˡ
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˵Ǹú̫Ҹо岻̫õӣܺݶ𣿡ľشһô˵ɽϼܹܵ顣
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ľشĿɿڴ
̲סʵô˵ܹܻʹˣô񰡣
ߣȻʹߣֻǻ̶ѣΪǸδǰӵ£ݴٶȱսʱ򣬽Լԭ񽻸£»ŻȴɵıأԼδ޶ˣܹܵĸǰŰ˾˳ֻѾˣܹȻݲݴǵ±۸ųֱġĹٲԸⱻ֪࣬Ծ˵Ϊһ仰ܹܣҲôˡ
ȵգգۣû뵽ԭкܶıǱڵడеʱĲܿ棬ҲóȻ¶ۡ
ʦ֣ô֪ôľشҲȵ
ҪԸܹܣȻһ£е֪ġ˵ţʵص֮ȻҪѰһЩйȴŵˣݴǵǸҲĿ֮һֻǵȵ鵽ʱ򣬾ͷֻôһ¶;Ҳ־ֶʧ˰˵վѳ顣
ܹܵ⡣Ҳǻ̵ģǸǰҲǸģ£ȻҲæȥ


175 
ԣһɱԼˣҲȥͬ飬ֻЩпˣǵҪɱܹܵģҲ顣
ɱΪҪлˣȨ֮£˻˱ûнޣԼˣֻΪ˺ҪȻҪݴˣҲԵĴ
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ѪԨǲɺԵĽóɱҲɱһѱ֯
ϴμٰѪԨɱְɱĻӵ¼ֵúܴ󣬻飬ҪѪԨ󣬿һܹȴѪԨŵʿæȻǣǺܿЦ
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Ҳ顣ǰ֪пܸԭļƻ̣ʱкЧӦһկѪѵоԼܲˣԻ˳Ȼĺá
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̲סǼ򵥣ѪԨµԸ㣬лǵıˡ
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ڳڣһ죬ֱӲסߣȵЩ˫ۣתͷ顣
ЩɻĿûɶ˰ˣЩˣȻѾˣԼѹϣӦҲе㲻ɡ
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ܿƣ˯Ϊ˹̶˵壬Ȼ˯ţֻܺ˼룬ϵͳȻؼҪ飬һɽկ¼Ϊ˺֪ܶ࣬᲻ʲô©
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䰡ôȥ飬ǵĺô͡
ƿͷȥһεĳ飬ԼߣȫͬĳԺл֮ȥ̵ͬӡԽ޷ԿصĻ䣬ͱԽ̡
ȻЩԳ̫ˣ˭ܾ飬ԴӰĲˡ
̲סͷ˿еˣɫĲ̫ã촽ȱѪɫ˵ۣ˯İȣ·жеķ˳˯ĻУɵĸоһƬá
ԣҪõģҪװ滻ԺЩĻ档
ȵȣΪʲôԺðͱʱ鴩װű˵Ļ氡ʱĴɫѾܵˣ͸һ
ԺֲܿˣȻеԱûбˣҲ˯ˣʲô鶼֪ССԼԺвôڵĻ涼ϴָܻˡ
Ķſſţ߾ͱסˣɻҲĴ
ǡ׹üˣ񶼼ס촽ʲôоˣģģģ֮ܺ׵ӣû׹˲֪ǲҲо
֪Ԫȼ󣬻ʲôģǵԪȼĻ毺õĴλȥģҲɳܵεȻͬڣȴҲһʲôо
ɵķҲ֪Ĵ˺ܽǰĴɿڵĹ̲סҪ
ͻȻȻһͣȻ̶ˣͷû̶ų飬ͷҲչȥ濴š
Ȼһ£⧲ľȥ˵ǵɫĴݺݵѹһ¡
һӦǣȻС
ڶӦǣôĲ׵·ʱŮϰôҲôɺϵգұӣʲôУôƫƫǴ
ӦϽ
ոҪ̧ͷ۽һˣһ˫ǵһģˮ㶵ĿţĺĵӳС
˲䱳ˣˣåˣԣûˣåôˣåҪϰ·˶Źҽ⡭
ḻûнͿ黺ۣ˯˹ȥֻ;ѣûϵ˶ɶ
Ҫǳ黹˶΢΢ſʪϢ˳·𹴻ʹߵĹƵģĿУ㹴ꡣ
Ӧʧ룬·ʲôƵĸϽϸˡ
ϽƲߣӦ˯Ϳˣװʲôûзκѽ
һͽгȫ˺棬һ˫۾ֱɵɵĿĵط
ΪʱС˾Хһ㵵άŰƿӵĶӲĿ
⸱飬ȻʲôˣʲôʱֵĶ֪־˾Ṧ̫ã¶涪˾˼ˡ
ХſƺҪ˵ʲôϽƣһĸÿͼһֵֻƷȻ˵ոյһж⣬⡣
С˾ֹıת࣬Ҳ֪ûףС˾˻˳ȥˡ
ХٶʵոֻҪ֪ǣӶѣҪҪʱȴһȥͿ˲˵Ļ棬С׵˵⣬ΪʲôᱧڻУҳΪڻ˯̫ˡ
ܵľóΣգϲ̫ˣǡˣǰǲһ䣬ѵոյĻ棬ųϲأôԼıĻ죬˼һ˯ţ˼͵ף˼ŪѣĶ㿪
С˾˸оԼ˳˶̫ˣȥһҪ㱨һ㱨
£̷ʡֱؾǣһ·϶ٿһ£ͷƲ෴ķ
˯˺ܺõһҲָĲԭȵ죬Ȼ磬һŤͷͷѾϸȴͣӸȷ硣
鲻ɵͷһỽ硣
Ϳ㣬һ鲻Ҹӵӡɻһ˲˲μѵΣһĳ˯͵
ǡᣬô̰պһˣ¾Ͳ͵ôˣǸСѵ
磬ôˣЦתսֲɵİĴϣɫ̫á
ʱεıֱ壬ӲҿˣûҺõĺܡ
աȣûв
ﶼˣյôˣһ١
ʹͣ
ʱоµһ٣鱾ǰϵģһӾʧˡ
ͻȻ˹ĳ飬㿪ү
ôûˣ
ϲּһ찲ô࣬߶Ҫ˺·õģ
һֿץסļ򣬰˳סá
û£ˣһݣ³С˾˺ľشһ빬˵ֱ꣬Ķӵ뿪
ۻͷһۣɵҡͷЦʼԼ
ŸоûôˣС˾Ͷߣ޵ݡ
ΪľشХҲǲ뵽УԶᱻʹʻ
ֻǲҪߣΪĹϵдģʵپͷˡ
ľشǻ˺ܶʹͣΪй˴ӣ빬Ϊ̫ҽľشԼСѧϰɢᵽΣҲͲǿˡ
ͳ黹ҪڻʹϽе飬ԾХľشȻرԺ
һֱſڵǣ˵ľشģֱӴȥСһƣӣҲͷ˼ңŵǻ˵ԾȰϢ
æµкȴХһֱȻҪ˵
Ǿͣ½ŲѯʣХҲŤֱӰԼ˵һ飬ĩ˼һ䡣Ϊá
˰죬ȻܸС˵ȫֻ࣬СļǡѾǼгĬһˣ͵ϱɡǼǶ䣬һܱںլСĺá
ոջ˵鿴žͲʲô˵ĵХϱ


176 
巵ڣв뵽ɽ¼˼ˣ۹ͣ
˼;ˡ
ҵľԪˣΪԳϱϢϿԪж˲֣µһΧʧܣصĺ˵ӱ²һӱˣΪԪǵ³çǴܴܳ衣
ԪǱǱڱѵĸͨ죬ѾıʿѾҺɣһǲòһ㣬ҪȻѹסƳ嵱ڱиԪףҲǳϵճһģϷ
˵ǳ弱׼ƣ·ɽǷɢ˱Ҫʱһһ㡣ԪǵĸԪһʱ䱻ɱҲпԭֵܺû뵽ϢûдݵλŻᵼº顣
ԪſڵϹݣһлһȴԼһһδʲô֪ıԴӱܲ˴֣ıֵܵ
ŹԪĳ壬Ѿɫ԰ףɪɪˡ
һСĿܾҪ˳ݵСүҪŵˡյķ⣬ǿԪȼԪֵܳŵģ֪᲻룬һֱվǰԪȼͲ
Ǳ߼Ԫô˵Ȼ͸ñˣǿֳϣʲô⣬ԸϹȥģСǵһδԾԵø޹
Ӷı֮ԱǣҲõ˼ıʿ⣬磬ȻѾʤߣ׷ʧߴ򣬷Եöֵ̫ݣ̫
϶ţȻҲ̫ôίܿ죬ĹԱڽʻһֱϵĻҲ´ʥּ
ط˰Ԫǵ˺ӵˣйְİţûְĴӹѺΣһֱӱ˷ˣжҲù˴
ԪǺȻҲóͷһ£ÿҪǰʱʡҪ鼮
һµԪǺӵòóϺҲڳ͢ϱ졣صһУܲĹԱȻõΣҲ˵ӿԳûķչԼ
ٳʱ򣬹ƾͻᱻԶԶ˦ˡ
ĳͷԪǺӶ޲ûֱӴһٺˣǱͷǣȻҲûʸּۻֻۡӲͷƤܳͷ
˵£űկȳֵܣʵǴһҲѵһαϿãڳԱҲͣгϢĶӣȻϲһδһӣֱӷ
մܳĹأһ̫ӣǶʮٷǰǱȻ˵ùȥĹϵҫǻ϶Ŀ϶Ҳʽ볯Ϊ٣ֱӲˡ
ӼĹ£ĳȣϵ˶ˡ
㱨ԳܹܣԼһȺ󳼣ȻҪϸ飬޶֤ȻҲѴ
½½뿪ȻҪڳǰȥĻǱһˣ÷ѾǱˡ
÷Ҳ˵˴ӷ飬еƳͷļƻ᲻ᵽƿأ˼£
ͼƣ˳֮ǰƻѪԨܹܵ
Ϊһʼûв룬ԸɴĻ˵ɽϵðգһߵȻ˼ƻûʲôҪ飬÷˵һͳ˵
񾲵ӣ÷ǰԶ˳ʹܵҲԽ÷˵ûʱѰͣѯԼܵûˣֱźӭȥ
ԼĽ㣬ɫںһ㣬Žͻһط˵кܶҪʣԼ㵥ӣֱһ֪Ҳֻա
÷һȻȥϢΪ˶йһܹˣԲڼϢա
κӻؼң˲ϱгŮۣҪ׵˵
κ鷿ȸ׹ػϵƣֱӿżɽʵףұץɽ²ǵĴ󵱼Լļϸͼߡ
˫ֱĶκҪɱˣȴҪڣھңΪʲô
κֳһӣѵҪץʣ
ףҲɵҿöʲôʸʣǶ²ȫͬǶûκνȫʶǲƽ޹ңףǲʲôңκʲôΪʲôɽϸйϵѵǡ
󲻸κû̫ȨƸֻھЩλһֱѭ浸أؼһ飬ǸةˣҲΪ˻סڻʹĽ㣬ΪδĿռ䡣ôɽйء
κ̾һӣҪ㣬ǡĻһĻܣة˲˵ġ
˲һ㶣ةࣿ
κͷȨǱͶ壬ȻҪկȷǵĺε㲻ǲμһûɽ¶ˣ
ǣʵǲɱˣ󷴲ѵҪλµ˼𣿳ǶԵģҪǣԼǡ
ȻǸ˼ģӣǻϲỳɵĻ岻ةô顣ֻǺƿءʱ䶯⣬Ҳû취Ҳû֤ǻˣҪȻɱˡκ͵
ҡͷǾòȴֲ֪硣
κȴһжة⣬㲻ɣֻҪС
ԣǲԣܵõŴΪγȴ㡭˺
鲻һıʿ¶˶ǵĻɣݱһ㣬ȻܸȣʱԱĶ󡣡
ԣةԳǣ
κɫ˱䣬Ц˵㻹̫ۣ̫֮࣬κһжة˼ܶǻܣҲܸ͸¶ֻҪ÷ֵϵͺá
κļܿˣúϢգϹ롣պӳ춮ˣةȻ㡣
㶵ĿŸףܸоﲻԣǸ˵ҲǸ״ͷβƭҲ벻׷ҪƭɣǼǾȨܲɡ
Ը˵ı¹ܶŤĽ͡ò˵ܵĴ̼е࣬ΪةѾκˣȴû뵽׸ة໹ϵҾҲȫıãĸ
ѵȨҪôĶǣıǾʲôεģ
һߣŻصС
ʱľشҲϢһ˵ֱӰ˽ȥ֪ĵľˡ
ľشҽһʱҶߣеϴΧˡ
ľشŹ̽Χ˶סϵıҲЩӲԼʵûˣҽܶһЩʱգ㺢ǣˡ
ľشıȴ΢֡֡
ôˣŵʵ
ʱ˵ǴڿʼÿһʱҪľشڵ
Ļشһʱﶼܣµûţô°Ϊ;ƿݣҩʯ飬ٿҲǻһֺõƷʽôľش˵б˼Ƶģ
ɫѿֱӿڵԭ򲢲ҪģҪǡ
ľش˳˼ͿڵŶû£ڣܻֻҪƽͣſģ̫ɳꡣ
ľش˵꣬ʱ˸оڻһ
㡭˵𣿡ͿƲסĿ˳
ľشͷ԰ҿδҽ㲻֪ԭҲεúãϾС
ϣϣһϣ
ѾĬĬˣĻţעҪܻȻΣȴо漣̲סתͷ顣
·֪ôƵģֱǣס֣ЦЦ͵͵˵Ļʦܶβãǵʱȥʦ
۾ɵһ죬ս˳֣·õĳ̲ס룬žǱסȵҸˡ
ڵʱ̸ӵڶ𣬴ܳӭ˸ı䶯Ͽʼ޹˼ɵĴѹϺϣһȫռƵӣҲѾ˽
һεĳͷͽͶǶ⹫ģҲǱİ飬ϵ£ѾԴʮֲԴݣôӢ޵УʣϸգĻֵð̵ġ
ǴӵȻͬŵˡ
Ҳ𽥷˸
ڶ񼯣6ɡɫΪ߼ˡ200㣬ܼ666㣬ȣ60%
˽ɫȼһܼäˡһɽԲӦǡԲɣȻ䶯˺ܶ࡭
ʱԶĻʳĴһ޴Ķ԰ڣһӣŽŲںĳϣһḧŻˣһžƺԼ㵹ˮż˳ԸеĺỬ䣬Ƕᱻе˹ɵ¸ɾֻ򦴦㲻ǰˣֻܳճյš
ǷΣյķУ·һѵõ廨УһСľոߵ
һ˫ɢԵĶ·Բζ޳ͷʨһѪӣƺһҪ˹ȥӵвͳԵ
үǱߴϢʦүȫûһڶû¡˫ϥأĳ鱨
ŶȤ޳ִ鱨ɨһۣܳЩõˣȻ˱ߡչһԴԪȼ󣬴Ѿ̫ˣҪҪǼӵء
ʱ洫˻ʨһһɱ
߱תƣЦŵүץıΣ
ӵջߣаɣܴ򣬲ûбǰ񵽵СȤֻϧСﶪˣٴҵͺˡ


177 
ڼϢĵһգϺˣǹһ˵Ȼʽһˣ֪Լҵܸøйص£άЦдХȴȫƾ豾ܵᣬֱӶԼԺ
ϺѯľشĲ顣
ľشǳʦܵʱǱܵģֻĴ
԰Ϻѯʣľشճǰʾֻš
Ĭ֪ǹģȻҲⷽ˵ֵЩź
ϺȻһ̾ӣһ֮뿪ˡ
ΪѣϺʵͦæģϾȫˮⶼǹ鹤ġϹƿϵУϵƣȻҪԼɼϺȻϵˣʱͲòñżҲֺϵͷȥܿͻѡվˡ
ȻҲкܶǽͷݹԱ뷨࣬ͺһӵ֧ԭͷˮ൱һˮĶһ㼯ˡ
ڶ賿˯ͱˡ
˳һ˵ľشһҪȥĸǱߣȴ֪ľشѾȥҩ®ˣϴһҩ®
ֻȥҩ®ľش
ոյڣͿľشһصһ״еѪҺһҺ塣
ô棬һʱûгڴš
ֱľشعſڵôˣĸס
ľشֱӿڵĸ׵Ѫóƫɫж֮󡣡
է֮£ûзӦģ㡭˵ʲôжôܣ
ôжˡľشƶ
ԭû˵жҲɫҪܶϢأٸĴ٣жôһء
ľش˵ģ֮ǰ̽ôΣƾ߳ҽôһֱ֪жأǲľشʵǲжˣǾһŽⶾ飬Ҫľشܸ㶨ô򵥣
֮ǰûڲųֶԣԲܼ鵽ⶾʧĺܿ죬һȥ̽ʲôûˡȷǶɵ˥ľͻ;ƿݡľش͵
˼˲ϵĸĸ¶ʧĺܿ죬޼ѰȴѾ˺ˣԴˣһʱԺֿԣǵصĻɳŴԣЩվȣһ
ͻȻһ˫ֱۣס
ͷǳ顣
ܣľش˵ĸ
һЩͷżûµġ
ͳ߰Ȼתͷ׳һ⣬ľشش𣬰
óϸĽۡ
ӦĳֶֻʱӴҴʱٱ忪ʼʱҪãֶ˽˵Ƶģľشв֣Ѿˡ
΢ᱻգһʱͨҺҺԶųԲ᳤ͣ󲿷ִ޷жֶ⣬ĴҲܴȾʱ̽һֱûз֡
ڵʱ򲻻ԵĲ֢ȴͬһεĸֵһԪÿжһΣ˥һ֣õĳŵþһ㣬岻õĺܿͻžͺȻ˥һʵǱ
ֶ鷳ľѷ֣һˣİưܵУԱ˶ԣѾ֣ΪѾ̫ˣľش˵֮ãľشƱ˵԰˲裬İΣͲóˡ
뵽Դһˡ
Ѱܺð죬ľشᣬϸһһᣬȻҵ
ûиĸװɣڵ֮ǰʱ֪롣ʵ
ľشգգۣȴ˳飬ȻʦֹȻ񰡣֮ǰʦ־͸˵һȷʲô⣬ȲҪ˵ֻܵǣԵʱҾͱû˵ġ
ЩȵĿų飬͵Ҷǣ鷳þĸ֪ô
лһʱȰĸȥ˵췿䣬ǾͿϸⶾﵽʲôˡ
ľشͬ⣬һҶ֮ͽѾסȥС˾¡
˵жҲǾһ£ɫ˱䣬뵽ʲô̲ס˳һۣȴûʲôıʾҲֻϣæҶ
ǳ֮󣬱ԺŮȫȥֻչĸ׵Ķ֡
Ϊ˵Ҫķ䣬ԶҲɡ
ȵֱ֪ʱֱʧȥƽյĽʼ֡ҪϽҳ˭Ҫ
֪֣ȻľشֻʱϳжҲ˵ϴκ֮Ȼʲô˶
ָϽ䣬ѵıȽ磬ϴ֮ȥڸݹȻЩ˵㲹ҩûгң˶ҲûнӴˡ
ͺðˣľشͿʼߣֶŹģţȷûж֮󣬼ᣬرǼȮ
ֱľش䣬ͣ˹ͼǰ̲ס
ͼֱ˵ͼ󣬾ͿľشȻ¹ͼ
ˣͼж
ľشϽõͨĵطյ̫ȥţҪжģȻ΢Ҳ˺塣
ȵԺ֮ľشչͼϸ۲һ󣬾ȵǾɵơ
ľشһ飬ֽϣֽԭǶԴǱһֱɢźֽܵ㣬ǰˣһͻܾãȻͻжǳǶϼӶ
ֻ֮һжΪĴʱҪǶֶߣԶԶĿšټõƽʱҲһֻһӰء
ÿһΣжһΣ˥һ֣ҲжĽ
ھľشĽͣҲˣȴ΢΢ü뵽ѪԨڵһɱֽ֣
ȼҷӦľһֱĶ֣ˣȻ֪ܶ顣
ܵģͼɲǱ˸ģǻ͸ģǰ͸ġһ¡
СùҲͬ˥ܶ󡣡
ô᣿ֺۣǴ̥һֱǲõģôǡ
ǻͻúŵģʵ
ֵ񡭡¡
ľشͶˣ˽ӴֶȻϲôá
˶վסݺᣬ̼Ĳᣬ˵ŵ飬Ĳš
ǻģǵڵʱ򣬲ȸۡǻʹûϳ谮ģר裬ʱҶ˵ռû̫ĳ谮ϵþͲô١
º󣬴Ҳ˵ڣϱȻһ棬顣Ա˺ݣҲݡ
ΪļϻûǻǰжమԸ޷ʵʵļҲǼǵõģøȷǶĺá
ڳӡҲǣʱĻϻүǲ֮һѵһλУȴΪ̥λȻ˺ܶҽϣǣ̥ѣҪҪ֮ҩ֮⣬ʣһӡʱԻԣ϶һġ
϶˵ֱ˳̥ԲҪӣһҪȫûкӣҲר֮󣬻ûٻйҲ˱̫ҽ˵Ķ˺Щꡣ
İȴԼǻ֮ôĻɱԼİ֮ˣȷԽܡ
һԿ϶Ǳ޹ģϾҵ˶ûȫɱ⣬ûˡ
һ£鶼ˡ
һֱĬХѾɱе㵣ֱѵС壬֪ڻ
Хȴʵﲻ
ȻʵѾȫɻˡ
룬еǣǿ֮ǰûɱɣһŮҲʲôǳµʱˣ᲻ǹ׻ֽҪˣбԡ
С˵࣬ȻľͱȽ϶࣬һ룬òŵĶץסϣ
һ룬ϣͱˡ
Ƕʱ䣬Σ̫ҽںδʵ
һе˶ˣԽõʱ򣬻ҹ飬Ϊչϧ嵼ҲĴšе̫ҽȻΧתȴûжϢ󣬻ϻһвβ̫ҽڻϵŭ֮£ȫǶ˶ֻʹʧĵ˹ȵķӦû뵽ȥ
ôһϸ룬ԵʮֿˡǰѻȻ˵ôֻһֿԣֽ֪жڶֽ
ХӦһȭͷԱߵʯҲֻҧסХָǿ޵
ľشⱯʹķΧҲ̲סʳ飬ΪʲôҪɱԼİŮ˰ֲǷ
Ҳɫأʼ޷⣬ѵ谮ҲǼٵ𣿡
տΪİɡ
˲ŵĿ顣
ӵİХ
ҲͬһжǼٵģǻϵΪ˵õ֧֣ȢಡָоԣΪ˵ϻϵʱһֱڱս궼ûлعǣ޷֮ܳ£˵֧ʲôˡ
ֱϵǻ֮Żġ
黺ڵ룬ĺ֮УȷֻһӰȨˡ
ոյǻĻޱȨ󲿷ֵıȨڱģΪȻλס⶯ľƣ˶ȴӸոջ֣еıʱΨһѡ
һھ£ѡŹԼĳһھУ߳ͷλ乬Լڡ
Ĳʧǻȴһɱ
˵ʲô޷ˡ
˵ԼİŮ˿ԸĸңʧҲ˹ͼȺŶĸ뿪ٶֶԸָһ㣬նݳûУֻɱԽӹܱȨˣǣԻھǵҲշⶼΪһҪµʴȡ
ôһ˵ƺ򣬷·ֻֿܲܽͻìܵΪȴԽܣʲôӣʲô̬İ
¶Բĸ֪β˵
ľشˣܸȤҪúоȥ鷿飬ϾǷֻж鲻ܶ⹫ϵĻɣЩ黹Ҫȥ
ͳǰ棬һֱĬЩģڵѹĸˡ
ֻ֪ո˵ĵİоЩЦɬ
ǡܺЦһӡ
̲סתͷ飬ԭеԪȼʵ۶ԼŮ˸Ӻݣδģ֪㲻Ȼʵ۸Ӳпᡣ
㡭ѡɱ𣿡̲ס
ĿҲᡣ
ջߣĵĻš
мΣǰʱֻһ뷨һʼԼ֡
ϵ뷨֪Լ£ȻԼҲùƺעģԻѡԼ֣İ֮ԼС
ǽֻһ˲뷨֪ܡϾǲ²ҪʱԼӿĺ£޷ܵġ
ԣٷ裬Ҳµˣѳ뷨ˡҪȻͱļȫˡ


178 
鷿ڣͼƻŪһ⣬װʧյӣ͵ҲջˣתҲԹ鹦ľشҽͲᱻɵϾǵķϸûɱٵ˶Ի϶˵ոպá
֮󣬾ȥ죬һЩյĶȼװҪ¸췿ŲȻٷһѻյӡ
ǹʵǱأХɫɱ֡
ȻҪڵҲԲܱ߱ͷٶȳΪˡԣС壬Ҫ侲нһ졣
˵Ϳ˳ҪƸǣҲ;ޣҪвʵʵڼѡ
Ƿģôһġֱ׵˵Ǹλϴ̫áҵĳᱨġ
Хô˵Ҳ΢ס
ЩĿļƻȷ˴̫ãӦûи˵ô˵ȫǳ뱨뷨ɡ
ǷġͷֻҪĵȴԼ鼴ɡ
֪ӳĻϾĬ漴ХļС书Ҫæĵطܿڡ
ãҵȷС˾ˡ鵹ǲֱӿڵ
ХȻܵĲϲ飬ǼֶӶԼˣХҲͲųˣԼС˾ˣôоŤ£
С˾ǽˣȻЩ·ϣͨĹϵһȦѪԨһйֽĶɱµɱˣȻһжǼٵģĿץֽɱˡܱ¶ߣֻܴĽǱˡ
Хһ㶣ѪԨȻ˵ģǵֽҪ
ȴûһ𣬾ͺһУͻȻһͷһ
ֽѪԨǲǡ
֧񣺸ѪԨ
ץʲôХûӦǷȻԸæһЩ飬ǲԵ޹ʵĵ
ֽһرɱ֣ó¶ֽ¶ţ鼮ֽ棬ȻҲֽ
Хɫ䣬ʵۻֽģ
ץ֪֪飬ҲܸṩܶϢȻ
ȻһȻͬȷѪԨһ
ԭеһģǻܹܣȻܹܾǸǻϹƲ֪޾һԣֱ˸ѪԨµҹֽŪֽ棬ת͸ϡѪԨıܹܣת͵˺µ˱Ȼᱻץ
һֵóԵĲԣȴʦδΪѪԨҲֽӵͱˡû취ֻܸı⣬µɱԼȻðջ׽һɱ֣ٴлһЩϢϾѪԨĶɱȻȽϤ˸ݡ
ǼжһóҪҹֽˡ
ȵȣͻȻһ顭
ҵֽҲԸҪֽţԡͻȻ˫۱ɺڵ
ʲôХɻ
Ա֮ʩ鵭Ц
ХȻɴ˫ۣĬˡ
ǲ뱨𣬶ҪҸ׵İ취֤׺ɱ˹ʵǶҪ顣
ùʵ۾һʹȥǾõı
ڶ񼯣9Ԥ¶ơ
Ȼ
ˣʱһ߶ԸͬʱҲͬھľģĽͳһϲֳ
鱾ֽžǶԴȻʱȾãԭĶҲͱˣһֱûзֻ֣оģʱˣȻҲ˶Կľ񣬵ȵֵʱץҲʲʲôʱȥ
ǰһ룬ԭҹֽžͲΪ˲ѪԨ󣬻Ϊ˸ȫĸ¶Ҳϵ֣ڹؼʱĻһϾʱκ㲻ةΣҲĻӵһɵģκةҲܵǣϱ˹ԮĲֽϻֻ֮
ֻǹֽûҵǴ鼮Ǵģԭûн
ͻȻ뵽һԣ᲻зǹͼжȻ˹ͼеĶԴֽţ
òֻˣϾһ¶ʽһᱻֻйֽžŲᱻ֣ȻҲֽҲֻܷˡ
һһٴͷƤ顣
ȴǹͬ뷨һӦòù˰ɣϾѾˡ
鷳µҵХͻȻڵգҾȥһˡ
Хôһ˵ݸ˼ѣɻ󲻽ѵʶֽ
ʶھȥɱХֻҵȷһѣڼǰѪԨĶɱ֮һˡ
ô㣡ȵ
ѣﲻסܱܡХһ
ոܵˣ
ҿһȥ𣿡ͻȻȻǰѪԨɱ֣һкܶҪʡ
ңҲȥ
ХͷԡھǵĴС
У
ҵƭƭȵļٺСХ
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ХǰҲסھǵģСʱ򣬳żŮΪԶʮ˽⣬˾ֱҵеԺ
ʱʱ䲻ԣûˡ
֪Хʲôֻ߳΢΢̧ͷŸ߸ߵķϿһۡ
ͼХֱһߵϣӴݶϵĺһ£һЩҳԼһ鼦ͷ
⡭徻ء
˭ΣһȥĺдӺ̽ͷԺ۾¿ʱ˫һҪХһӵӴľͷˣһΪ۾Ͳдأ
ХֱõٺС޳£
£һССޡѵʦģҿɲͽܡ
Х÷ϻֱӵѪԨ顣
޳ɫ˲ͱˣ֣Хޱһ
㡭㾹Ȼң
˭ˣҵˣǼҸѪԨĹֽгʡХ
޳ɫǾɣκҲ򲻹Хֻԥ֮󣬷֣ˣ
ţХܵİһ¡
޳Х˵ʽʾü͵˵Ҳ͸¶ѪԨ飬㲻ҡһꡣ
ХҲϻֳֵǰ˵ߡ
ľͷ޳֪Х˵ͨҲ㶯֣ԽһתֱӵУһھƣҾ˵˵ž͵Լľƺ
ХֱӾͺһڡ
С˾ˣôͳľشĽⶾҩͻȻö˶˵˺Ⱦƣ¶ܣҺľشĽⶾҩʣһš
Ȼһ룬ХֱͦͦĵȥסҪ˿Хͷװɶѵ书ǿӻ
Ҫιҩ޳ֱӵİɣû¶˵׻ѣôẦ
ȵĿ峣޳ѵ֪һ𣿡
С˾ˣӣ
޳ͷ׵úЦ͵Լ֪ԣݰݿǡ
ҪߣͻȻڵ˵С˾˺һھƣ˵𣿡
޳ͷ˳һۣͻȻۣһпеΣգ̲סһ־СһС˾ȲõģڲɱڣѾʴˡ˵̧žߡ
ϧ߲
黰һ䣬һʮʹ⼱ٵ޳󾪣Ѹٳ֡
ֱ˵ȫľ룬Ƶĵϥǡ
Ծأ޳һ˲󾪣ѵХ鶼Լˣ
һʮǵȻҪ޳Ƕһ֪Է㣬˲ռϷܿ죬ͳ޳Ĳˡ
޳ɵĿǰˣǲǴ
һʮ֣һ仰˵
޳лɣҲ׷Ҫߣͷ
һ룬סĲӣа
޳ʱˣҪٳ֣ȴѾһץסĶŰҲعˣ֮á
㡭ô֪Х֪ģ޳ųŵĺ
ʱһʮҲڼĺ˭ˣһɧɾĴȫͬһʼûϳ
ɲǽ
ѪԨȫֳɱ̫ӵµ䶯ǣ˲һԱƺŻ


179 
ǰĻһ棬ɣƭԹӣ˼ҷƮʹһʻɫ·ͷȥ̴ĸˡΪóṦԶڰɱһΪó
ڣһĳУʮûϴƵģһζһ־ƺһֻմſͣʵϲҲѹӹѪԨߡ
Ҫһűﲻס죬ûκ˻֪ԭݡ
ϥܵ˾ǵɱ̫ӵʱ򣬱ʮģṦѾòˣֻаĹ򻹱š
ֻѾϰߴˣֻ¼ģֱס˵ĺ󲱾ĺĿܡ
޳ֵĿų飬֪Լľô֪ġһУûХǰ
Ķ֪ϥоɻոձסʱҲ̫ԾԲ²а鵭һаǺ𣿡
ոһ·С˾Ҳûнܣôһ˵ʱȤ
һǰĺУ𽥹죬´޳˶ˡ
޳ų飬ûΪʲô֪ô࣬ϾХĹܶԼȥķṦΰ˵ˣԼ鷳
Сӣ㿴ȥ书Ҳ̫˰ɡ
Цһδ𣬡С˾˵ѣΪ㣬ֻҪشǵɻǾͷߣȥ뻻ʲôݶ˷㣬ǸѪԨĹֽгҲԲ㡣
лѾˣ޳У
úúã޳ʦ˰ɣ𣿡ХæȰ˵㶼Ҿ˾˺ȵˣҪԶš
޳һһЮˣƤЦҪҹֱֽӾͿԸǴ𰸣ܲȷ£
˵Уǳȴԣ޳¶һ˿ЦݣҪſ˵ʱͻȻ׼ʱֱӶһ޳ĺ
޳ӦѾȥ㵵Ŀų飬Сӣ
ȴһʮ¡
ȻҲ콭Ҳ֪ն񣬵з֮ģʦ뱻˼ֻܻܵһʽвˣģǶҩҲнҩһʱڽ⿪ûκ˺ģʦ˷ʱˣϾǵɻǲߵġ
ųȻԵõЦ޳ɫˣС
޳ֻɥһ̱ҲǰһˣֽҵȷʶˣǰǸոջ˻ʵһġ
΢΢ü֪ʲô
ȴͬ˵ϾԭУǹֽˣô᲻أҲӱɱǱ߻ԼҪĴ𰸣һϹֽֽƻʵۣԹֽӰ춼ֱӳЩ飬ӷ㡣
ˡ
ҪȻˮġ
۾ǰ뿪ѪԨȴ֪ѪԨԱ֮飿
޳һʱҸոݣ±ץȥڣԳܣҲһֱעʱѪԨĶ̬ϾߵȼڲԱԺܶవϢʲôĶҡȷѾȫ϶ʱҾͲٹѪԨˣǸպʱ򣬵ֽ֪Ѿ˵Ϣ
Ϊζʵ
ĵطˣԣûнӵʱġ޳
飬ʱǲǶˣ
ͷӦþǰֽ
޳ҿ˿ֽˣҲ˳ˣҲһ͸ˣż˵總ȥͷȹء
ЩȵԭѪԨĴôã˻أǲҲУ
޳ЦˣϹʲôأǻǱʬҰ߱ȥҷʬõ³ҲȥڰˡֽзأΪһͽܣͽʬТ
ͽܣͻȻ׷ʵͽҲѪԨ𣿻᲻֪ôģһŴֽǸ˭
޳һ㶣ͷһӦǲ֪ģҪ׷飬Ǿȥһжɱ֣ߵʱûʽѪԨ⼸ã˵š
޳˵֮ȴֳסˣһʮҲȵĶһۡ
ꡭǵʱǰɱܹܣֵ𣿺ܹܷɱˡǵܹܵ£һ֣ܹܺͺܹܶʶġ
һѪԨԤɱ֣ܹܵ£Ѿˡ
û˿ԹӶѪԨɱԼĻϾǿɱֻ֣ɱˣǶȴѪԨֻǸ
Ĳ²ˣ
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Լܰľ͸ˣʡıûš
أͷֳɫˣԭǵ֪֮𽥵Ȼ飬ȴǡüͷľɡ
ǷΪ¼ɵ㣬ֻݴҪѺˡҪȵ鳹״֮ŻȷĲɣһ˽ҷһ顣
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Ҳֻǿ¶Цһ˫ʮ㡣
޳һͳŲסˣҲ֪ΪǺãЩԵ飬ЩԲҪ㣬˵ģǲΪ˱𣿷ֽѾˡ
޳ĺºͽоˣֻЩ⣬ܹô𣿶ԽеĸֶҲôֲ
ȴ·ҪһƵģֱӵҪȵһʱ𣿡
޳ʱЩŭǲʶģУҪǡ˵ˣǿɱ£ѪԨĸǵĻʵۣ
һһʮ¶˲ŵ顣
Ѿ۾Բˣ
ڷӦովòԾĵطˡ
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Ϊ֪ɱʱ϶ǸһһǰθǸɱ֣ҲǺɱ֣֪ǰһθ顣
ԭȻûдǳĻɶ϶˻ϣֻǲȷȥǰŸ࣬ûǰӰ콫ѪԨƵƭԼС
ڣͬΪһж̫ˡ
һµȴõֽţõ󣬹ֽˣϻϵķɱԣɱ˵˱
ڶǰǸ̫ģȫڻʵۣѪԨǻʵеǻ֮ܲȻĺֶε
㣬ټϻп֪֮ǰĸ˭Գ׷ʡ
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ϸ˵ڵѪԨûƿػȴǻʵۡ
һʱ䣬˶ûж޳ĻӦ
޳Ϊǲţ;̲סˣ˵ģѪԨʱ͵͵齨ģǵһԱóṦһζԸʵں棬ͿʼȻǵүʱԼ泯͢Ӧˣ֮󲻾ó
޳˵ͿƲסԼҪߵǾǱӦ֪ɣǰ̫ԪȼѪԨģɱֵÿɴˡ
ǳ鴤Ѿˣ޳еİ˵ǲͣˣԼҲûֹİɱ¼ҲҪ¶ˡ
ʱȴѾһҲ¶˱ɫ
ѪԨ齨ģǾ˵ں֮ǰĻҪɱˡʱǵĹϵ縸ӣԪȼʲôӱľǱ߻հǰ˺󣬵ǵһ֧Ǵΰɱ¼ҲǰΪһ
һֱʱڣ֮󲻹ı仯̰ͼȨĽϾͫйѪս鲢ֻһ˵˼µģĻֻкֻ֮ܶ࣬һˡһм̳ȨĻмֲ뵱ʵ۵أʱŲʵ̰˻ᣬջȻ˷뷨
ǳû뵽ԭô硭ô硭Ҫˣʱ廹ûȷͻᣬʱЩŪĻֻûеλͲһмеҪɱˡЦ
һʮһʱ仹ûдڶϢзӦ㶵ĵ޳ʵڡ
ҷָ֮󣬾ͺų⡣ֱ·ôĵӣɱǵļҷӦҶ²˭Ҫɱ̫ӵ£Ǽû˻뵽ʱĻʵۣϾ׵ֶϵҲһֱֵķǳ׽ȫû϶˽ҶѰ
Ȼһʷǰİɱжʼˣ̫书ǿΣҵָ£ǲȫûرͲսû취ΥҲѪԨУԾͳûˡʼҡǿ¡޳˵꣬̾һ£װģĺһھƣȻȻӦⶾƲͻɡ
黺̧ĿȻˡ
ʲô޳һ㶣ȵûˣ
ûˡ
ǽҩ
ҶȥǼͷƬǶҩǲţһʱ᲻ᶾ˵꣬ƺ̫ȥƵģתͷȥ
޳ܺ˵
ĿµҲֻˣǶģţҺС˾һʱ˵꿴⣬ʵû뿪ֻվԺУŴѡ
Ҫʱ侲Ϊŷ֣пʵʵԤĻҪ緢


180 
޳ɫѿĿо۸Ƶģ漴ɥһɣȾơ
һֱﲻס̾ҵʱԤУʼҵĶû뵽һ̫ӳܱ죬Һߵ磬ҪȻָʲôءʵҲĺݣԼֶĺ֣һ̫ܲӡ
΢΢һ㶣ΪɱһԱ˵ֻ
ôˣȻɱ֣ҲɵӰҸһܣʱ밵ɱжȫֳģмߵɱ֣ǾΥ´壬ûɳɳⲻǸЦ𣿶Ѿڰɱˣʲô´尡ȻǡûˡҪǳɹˣֱӾͲˣϧǵòμӣŪΪȡ
޳˵ЦżȾƣȴȻˣɵипԭʱԪȼ˵ãǺڰеѱɱֶб۷ģΪǶ˴ܵδ
޳̾ҲΪ̫ӾֲѪԨ󣬵ѪԨ׷ĺܲңҲ˳ѣҪȻ治һܳɹ
أ޳Ȱȵû̲꣬ס֪ΪʲôᱻСƭΪ𣿡
޳һ㶣˲䷴ӦҪ²ʲôһۣȻ֪ΪԶŵС˾ˣ
ŶǵҾ˾׷ݵ𣿡ޱ
޳˲䱻ҭסҲ޹֪ΪʲôХľͷ˺ټХͳĬȥǲıļһôܻйܣ޳Ŵ¿ˮ
ںڵĴض˺
޳ˣĿͼ˳ϡǺ밲ο飬ǲ֪ݵģʲô˵һʮڳߡ
棬һʮҲǰ˵ȻҲ֪ͫйصڵĻʵйأû뵽ڸ֮ǰİɱҲǡǶӸоûš
ԣǿľһֱֳã̫Ӻã֮ϻλۼҲǿڱܺã°նỳ;Ĳֱ֪Ѫ
ǿӾվǱߣһ˲֪ʲôеľΧնѹֵġ
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Ժֻʣ³һˣգȴһֱһĸоֻһ֮ǰȴѾ̫ɹЩˡ
ͻȻͷסһ㶣ͷͼվ˫֣ͷڳһƬӰ
鷴Ӧһ˲ԣ껰ˣûȥˡ
鸴ӵĿų飬ޱȴоĿڶµûš
ѾˣǻֺѪԨǻϺܹܵһû
ţջͦ࣬ʲô𣿡Сʵ
ȻһԸȥֻҲÿʱԲ𣬱磬ĸҵĳƻҪȡǸЦЦ
ȴȥˣʲôżģľشڣĸײ¾С
ͷǵģ߰ɡ
˵Ҫس׼Х뿪ȴת˲䱻ס
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ŵĿİһ£ѵáһ£ǰݰݷδһ˳
ðɣԪȼȥ飬ʵڲ֪ôοֲʾֻܰæˡ
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ȺһǰȻǼܻӭһ֣Զ˵Աд˵Ӷͦ࣬Ƕö಻ݵĶ࣬ݰݣܱ㲻аСţƽ٣һ˳졣
Ȼһϵͽǳȴһ˲䣬𣿡
ĪһεЦЦǲŷģ
ǰţڲ̫ˣվҪԼġ黺
ô˵Ҫ֪ѵʱҲΪıӣĴѱСء
Ϊ⡣
ŭˣ㲻ţС󣬷𲻶㡣
ҲҪҡ
·СƢƵģѵÿһ档
ΣתͷλҲţ
ȻΪģŲŶҪһ𣿡͵Ŵε·ʣò
Ǵĸ󣬴˰Ǹϳȥˡ
ѵоûʲôǾүæͲᷢ𣿾ʲôѴǲţҲҪ֪ѴһδԶӦĸҪġҧ
˵ˣϵͳæĹͰɡ
ԭ飬ȴ΢΢סЩ㶵תͷүǲǾ͡ҲǣѡģǱȻģᰮҲǱȻģԡǿүǿԼ
ǻǲ˵ܻȥŶӰݷ𣬻˳Χ²ǡ
Ͻų˳ñΧ
ǻǹһݰɣܸоһ¾ߣҪⱨӦ
ϣҲã鿪ڵ
ͼһﰲο
ʱߵһȽϰĴ
ڵﲻŶӣǰһ¡ΪҲΪδ
鲻ÿɷжȴЩٻȻ̫¹򣬵ǵǰķʱȴ˱䣬Ҳող̫һˡԭĸо˲ֻЩںͻ㱡
ųǰ˳һۣ𣿡
ٵĿһۣȻͷ
˾һ£ǰĴݡ
Ǳߣ˫ֺʮ߶ŸԸ͵Ц⣬ƺ鷳˼Ҵ
Ŀŷ룬ҲǷ֪ɲˣԲ
֮ûˣͺĴɫҲ˲٣ߡǰûй£Ӳӵһǰǵµģ֪ɶġոձĵ̫࣬˼ƹȥһ̲סʵƵ㲻󲻾
ƽʱɨĺͱϳˡ
ͷúеʱ̽վƵ棬ȴֺĵ̾˺̨ܶ࣬ϵǰڷ˺ܶʻװһ¡֮󣬾ʹȥ
ͻȻſڴŮʱס⣬ͼһ
ʲôȲ⣬ˣ˾Ȼ誺ܷꡣ
ǡҪ㰡
ȻҲΪ˸誳ģϾǱѾͣӪҵˣûɶҲֻܱݷˡ
磬Ȱݣɲһݡ
֮ǰˣҰԼݣҡ
ѽ磬ǡΨһһԵ˳ģǰ岻һ˵Եİ˾ܻúԵͬʱݣǾܱӻ˳޶ãҸĸ˵׳һһݹ
΢΢һ㶣ʱȵĿ飬ϲĺˣ⡭ǰʲôģոһʲô鲻Ӧʲô֪ôû˵
ǳȴһ޹Ŀ
誷ܵУúðݰݣҲΪ㿴˼ˡ
磬˵ǰ棬ӦȢޣ֪æµ飬ȢϱҲɣҪиɩɩҡܷ
誣ԼԵ˼ңûȤ
ܷ꣺ߣ磬ѵͶļҹﶯ˼һû𣿡
誣
ܷ꾪ϲ磬ԥˣǲˣ˵˵
ĳüݲ
ӻһԵ飬ĵıŤҿˣֻĽлһû誻ش𣬹Ѿûˡ
ԭһĺ󹬵ģڿڷǰڷ󣬻ǡЩĻ档
Ҳûаݣܷܷ֮磬ᱣ𣿺ܿϦˣҡ
ģֻҪ㲻Ը⣬λУҶ취ѡ񡣡
ǡ磬ллҲ̫ңϣкܶŹŮԡ
ȻԭСҪ˼ϹＴٰĴŮֳϦ硯ҪʼˣϣŮûлȨģܷҲֻݰݷˡ
ЩǵǿԷģϦҪݴϷġ
ţͻȻһźӰһȻһֻ֩룬˳˿Ҫڳļϡ
鲢δֻǰĵͷ
֩ûɶвıܣܵ˾ţܵҪ㣬һѱס˳飬ӦתȦ͵ײײ˳ȥ
һ˲䣬һӷ񱳺ŵҽһ
˲䵲ǰ棬ܷˣһ룬ͿԱߴҵĻƲͻӰ
ͼһѹһֱײ˻ƲϣѻƲѹҵڵϡ
ڻƲУ誺ܷڿӰѹڳϡ
ƺһϽˣû°ɣҡ֪ķֱԹۡ
εĶȥŭͷЦǸ
Ƿ徻֮أʲôأֵطڷ񱳺Ҳ̫֪ˣꡣ
ܷҲסͣһСĿʲô飬ֱߺŤͷȥٿ
˲оԼϥ˼ͷվվˣѪ誵ôƷΪġ
ᣬոֻǺȥ񱳺Ȼˣ˼ԾͶţ֩룬ű˳ȥһֻ֩룬ովͲұܼϡ
ûпڽֻͣĻҳ
ĺҲ鿴ⷬͣʱһĿǡ
ǾͰӷʩǮ
˳誻ûĿ岻ˣô컯գصءʵ˼ɡСĳˣɫͷһѵֱûȡɵķ̵պѡ˽һĵطҲŪ˽֪
誵飬֪ᣬʱԩûš̲סǻǸС˾һģݰݷΪѣ̫ˡ
Ե
ʱҭסǸֲʶͰݶѡ
Ǿˣܲʶûĸ˵ˣܲʶȻ誶ԳĲѧҲǱܵͬ
εĿ飬ͼüողǱһֱҪݵ֪ҲЩģôҪݣҲġ
˲ưˣ񡭡ô°Ϊʲôоôԩأ
˻һ誶ʱɫøӾˣʲô˵ˣܷߡﻹţԼҪ˼ҰԵӲϣߣ
ʱоµ춼ҪƮѩˣָָָԶߵˣ޿Ŀ顣⡭ǲǴˡոΪʲôʲô𣿡
޹أҡ㲻𣿡ɹߣڹǡ
ʼɣǲĲ֪ЩˣϾ˵ĶԣǴСھǵģܸ˵ɣ֮ǰʣʹ𣬵һÿһжС˼
ڲʶЩ񣬰Ե˳µĸһԵץֲҳϡ~ҲϢˡ
߰ɣؼˣЩеûġ˵꣬ȥˣ߳ȣ߽УŲ죬о˺ܶ࣬ҲȸԾ


181 
˻ȥ֮޳ҲҪ뿪һʱˣȷǺûĵˡ
ǵùҪˡ
ֱӵϴƱ
޳ɵĿų顣
͵֮£ǺС˾ˣѯʴѣ͵ǽס
޳üӹƱЦŵӲȱǮͦ˵ģǽסɲСƨвˣ
޳˵žƺڰ־뿪ˡ
ؼҵϣХתѣͷɻĿΧôˣ
С˾ˣãԺǱȾˣոյһˣɾΣˡ
ХΪ⣬޳ѣҲû£ҾֻǺ֮ǺȾʱļˣոһǱ޳ĺȶˣҪȻҲᵹ¡
Ƕ̲ס鴤ˣ֮ǰһȾƵ˵ôƭģ
ЦС˾˻ǶԼûȷ֪ء
ХõĿų飬ֱָһʵХǲ̫š
˻صеʱ򣬻Ѿˣڼִ֣ʱĸһס
ͳȻֱʱ鲻ѣ񻹿޹
ǰģ̲סڵôôСأû£СøҵĻСõĶˣҾôһûбܺãСõùˡ
ЦԲĸףС飬һ㡣
ҲοХվûǰĴһԡ
ˣ˵˺֮ܶ࣬ǰ㸸˵ܳŵڶǹСõıӣҶݡûˣǡ
⻰Ѿ֪жļɫÿݣǲǸ⣿ǿЦĸ˵ıŤʲôԺһ
ĸȰ˵ѽ϶ǾüҽԻ͹˰
εͷҲ˼ɡ
ˣô࣬ϯɣأôûе룿ĸɻ
ͷ֣⣬ƽʱ㶼Ǹĸ׵ġ
ʱſڴȣͿֺſ޵滨˽ݵĸں档
һңѯôˣֺȴ˵ڡ
ͿڵոڱԺյĶʱľÿվ͸ð˵ܵ壬Ժ󡭡
ʱһ飬ȷй뷨ֻǵʱľشһֱרעĸ׵Ĳ飬Ͳ˼ͬʱ鷳ֻľش΢пյʱ飬廹ܲá
ûأôľشȥˣѵǡĵһӦȥ顣
ٱȲ裬һЦˣ۲ġ
һ֣˵ŸжĻһôһҽⱲӿܶûָˡ
ҲȾۣĸмϾľشҲΪ˳Źġϵͳ̳ǣҲﲻŮˡ
ҶʮָˣҲ̲ס˼ھ㷢飬Хڻ̲ס֤һԼǲһһ֮ͱͻԼԺϢ֮忸סҲȥϢˣĸûߣƺлҪ˵
ϲҪҪ֪үһĸʵϾ˻Ƿޣ¸鲻ãĸŮ˴£Ӧ˵һµġ
ֱӵǵȷĽ˵ɣڸּҹҲûʲô𡣡
ĸ̾һʵ㸸ĸʱǺܺõģ㸸ΪȢĸף˺һĸҲǰĸײſ¼ޣϾʱĸ׵Ȩƿǿȹֻϧվױ䡣
ҲȢĸҲΪЩȨưˣҪȻҲô̧Ͻš䳰
ĸҡҡͷʵ϶ĸһʼҲǹǹأĸҲֱ£㸸ʼղϳĸ׺ģǹϵͱöˡ
Ųµһ㣬ϺǸ˽ֻͼԼʱӵ»ʵλģµıʵȻϸϳ˾ĵˣȥˣ͵ԼˮϺŲֳֺõء
ĸ̾굱飬ҲȥϢˣȻûкȶ٣ǼֻһŮ죬ȻҲϽ뿪
ֱһŷȻһʼϲĺȾƵڱ˺ƾƣĿҲ뿪㶣Ƶġ
ǰĳŲˣ֮ǰͳһȾƣ֪ȥ޳ĽѪԨܣȻ˵ԭΪڵ顣ɲ
ЦЦ٩磬ôҴ㣬ǲûȶ١
ջߣڿڵм飬ұҪ˵һ¡
Σǹڴģ
ĿǣǹǸ׵ġ
ɵˣĿ
һգҶ԰Ϻ֣ϣ֪ΪУҲ𡭡ùùúͱ֪
һ£Ϊѵ飬Կ˼ţܿóһֵۣĶֻǸйصˣѵ
ݺ¼Щţոջ룬ϺٻҲԹۣ׼֮ˡǰϺݺģ飬ֱ롣
㡭һ㶼֪
ô֪ȵ
΢΢һ㶣²ؼĳ顣ûи˵飿
ɵЩЦһСֿܻѹϢԸ׿˵ˡ
ҲֻĬϽˣǾͰѵֻɺ˶˵һ顣һλصǣϸĵȻѾҲ֤ˣǰϺɵġ
˶ˣ԰Ϻʲô̵ĸ飬ֻǾáܿ¡
ЩףȻû֤ݣҲ׷ܿһЩֶΣʳ𰸣֡
Ҳ֪һԼ֣һԸ˵ֻϣ˲Ҫܵ˺
ȻҲжԣǺô˵ծҪ˳ʵۺǸݺߣһܷŹ
Ϊ¶Ի߷飬ȴתͬ顣
ſڣȴ֪˵ʲô
Ҵĸ׳ζҲٹܰϺ飬ҵΪǾӦ޻˵˵꣬סˣ漴ͷһھƣ˫ͨ죬лл㣬ܣģҾԩʵҸϣ޹ء
еΪʲôֻ֮άŻǣԭôһ˼Уı˳Ҳż尾ģһԿԧ졣
ͳظʱ򣬳һֱĬֱҪֱʱ򣬳סڵĵĲҪ𣿡
ȻҪ
Ҳ˵ǴԽģֻԭҵļ䣬ԭļжҲûжٸ飬ڱԺУҲֻﴫͳĹ᲻ðϺ
ȻԹߵĽǶȶ̫ŵģΪǿװ򶨣ʹԥһ£ڵʵҵһЩɵԡ
ЩȵĿų飬ԭųЩ鲻飬ʱоʮȤ
̲סŪѹԭˣҲû취飬ֻû뵽׾Ȼô
鿴ѹӣʱľ;ˣֱֱۣһֱһӵȥסᰲο㲻룬ҿ취ֹٿϺһ
ȴɵˣ⡭ôͱˣڰοɣǿЦѡ
ʱ޴Ҫƿ飬ȴоƿΣֻɳ鱧ţϽҲҲãֻĸ׺ͳѹˣ֮ǹ⿿ѪԵģʵͲҸˡ
ţѹءȴţȻֻڳǿ
뷨ܼ򵥣ϲǱţһܺܺõĻѹǿͱøһ㣬ܰһЩ
оԽԽˣձž͵һϻɢžȻûкǾƾҲͷ
οڵԳʱʱĻ˼ƫҹ˾谵СϣʵһСľԳˡ
Ϣ֮䶼ǳζž㣬ͷԽ裬ڸͻȻ᲻ɵĹһ¡ȷӦѾܿƵ§ס˳飬㣬Ҳһ󼤶
Ҳܵˣ΢΢ɿ˾ڰķΧнš
ƺһֳ嶯ڿˡ
˶ˣĳǶȺڽЭ
ͻȻһ㵵ĺ˳
ǣ
һ֮£Ͻɿ飬ֱ˿һ󲽣鲻ѵĿԱߣֻľشһȵĿǡ
ˣȻȥϢˡ˵꣬ˡ
ȵܻԼԺӣź֪Լʲôֲʲô飬ǱܰοôһܷʲôƵģľشͣñᰡҲҪɣǳʦܣԼһġ˱һʵҲ̫顭
ոǰȵĸоֲˣȻʮ־ǸӵԺԾԲ㶺ˣȥľͲˡ
ľشѾԼŪĿɿڴ֮ǰմȾ浤ζͺ֣ǰһǷ޹ϵմϵģڡʦ˵ҪˣѲɣ
ܵѯʦ֣ͿʦһĿϲ˯ͻȻð
ҡҾ㣬ҪʹͼΡǸʦ֣ǸոڸǡľشʵԼС඼ҪˣҲԼˣϾʦô߹ˣǵǰδš
Сӣܴ˵飬Ժ󿴵һʱעáֱӵ
ľش˶ľˣѾҩ®ȥҲֻܻеʽĸϣոǻģǰСĿһһŮңʦ͸СС͵˵Ժ󿴵һԶһ𣬾ֹܣҪעá
Ϊʲô
ʦСӣܴ˵¡
ðɣܣòҲܲˣǹԹԼɡ
һߣϴ˯飬Լεʲô˵ϽĻ⣬ϣĸףףͼһܽᡣ
һѣȻȻ죬ܵ˾š
ԭһ仰ܼǵãȴμˡ
ԭƵĲз֮Ϻͼ͵Լӷ䣬ĸ׻ᱣտġԭȴ没ء
һ죬ҩΪԭȻΪ˾ˣֻʱûɴҵûձǸ׻ˣֻȵ׼ԭ׵
û˵ûд߹ͼԭĻǻ֮ͼһֱڣյʱԭһһر죬ԡ
ڴϣ㵵˼һУͻȻ


182 
أһȥȸĸ밲˳ҵѯĸõͼ֮󣬸Ϻ֮ϵı仯ȴ֪һʼͼĸ׷ڰϺ鷿ʱǵĸ黹ǲú£ϺͰѹͼĸá
ѹŻ֮ǰǰҵʱ򣬰Ϻĸ״ϹͼӣϺĸװݹѲΪϺһʼ֪ͼжԲĸ˥ܶҲҪùͼ
ɷ׸ɳ𣿼ֱݺһҪֲ
أظʱ򣬸պŵʱ䣬һڻȶࡣ
Ա鲻ԣ΢΢üǰû˯𣿻ⰲϺ飿
£ȥľشҲڷϣʱ֪ǲûرܵǼʦֺȫͿʼ˵ӣҲͼԹԵĳԷˡ
˵᲻֪жҪ赶ɱˣĸףͻȻڵ
ɫ΢䣬пܡ
鶼ô˵ˣʱӦͻˣ
ҡͷԴǵһ̬ȣ֪ǻжһֹһеķ
ɫѿȻῴԵģô˵Ͼȷˡ
֪ǾҪʹˣҪ֪𰸣վҪжͻȻڵ
һ㶣ܵĵͷһֱò²ķʽƶһЩ飬ĻһֱŤġ
֪Ϻǲôݶˣʹպɱ˰ϺҲñκε⡣
ͷǺãǿԼ˵ࡣ
ʱ㵵Ŀų飬а취
鿴Աߵľش
ľشŰأͻȻʦֿԼӦϽӣʦ֣ҩһûء
ãʵ顣νתͷС˾˽һжҪ֪Ҳһһ˫񡣡
ϣ˾˰Ϻ鷿ڸϺ˵
Ȱ˵Ϻ檣ЩãϺԴûѡǿ϶Ҫؾ֮ٶᡣ
ᣬХϢȥ鷿棬ڰϺĲˮ˶ٻصݶϡ
ãƺԴеɣϾҩЧ˼
Ҳоʮ棬ľش˵ҩĹЧʱɵˡ
ֻҪҩ˵߶˲ܿƣͺ˾һʲôʵ˵ʱټһʣǾ͵ֱ׵ʴˡ
ľشƣ㣡
оʮԼϵͳ̳Ҫһٻֶһ裬ʹֻܻشʵһҩ裬ľشڣʡ˲ٻء
ЧǾֻˡ˵ˣٸϵͳ裬һЧ
Һ𣿡ͻȻԱߵĳ鿪ڵӸոտʼһֱûҿңң
һţӲͷƤתͷЦûаһ㶼ˣֻ˲Ż࣬Լŵ
һۣЦΪô࣬ôأҶֿǰװģСǰǳĴˣ֮ƣˮ࣬ôأֲŮ
Хֱӵǳ鴤
ſԱߵĳǼٰǰװӣһذ׵ɴƮƮɣīɫһɢֻ˼򵥵İɫ˿˼ͷװΣҲŵױݣų֮ǰĺȫͬڵԼһ㣬ĴڣȻתֻԶ۵ʲôµһ˶ֻܿվ
ټµһ룬ɫбŹһɴ֮Сû
Գʱ򣬾ʱʱңŮװĳֱ޲ߣϼҡ
סԼɫģԼ࿴ۣŮװĳҪΪˣԺôϱ˰˵Ҳ֣ѵֻԼһ˱ɫΪʲôС˾һ㶼Ӱ죬ôܿЦ
һԵĳ鿴ƮƮȥǲҿʱȤ֪ԼίԼʲô
ʵǱҪһյϺ˵࣬ҪٰҼĳģϧХˣһ㶼ûм̳ΰĸ״˰죬뵽
һ鲻֪ʲôһӦǿ˳顣ŮװĻ
ȻܿŲߣҲע⣬飬ϸ޳Ҹͷ̫ߣϰȹӾϻװһװʣΪܾϾϴŮװļ̫ˣû뵽龹ȻԸ
붡װ磬һʼһŮУǲ֪ǲǷװȤųƯԽװԽģһ˾ͳǰ
ڣڵޡ
ܿ죬뿪ϺǱߺ˲裬ٵһͼϺŶͷŲȵ˳
Хϸų飬ͷȥܿҰΧڣһŮںҹƮ
һȻס˰Ϻ
ʲôˣ
ء㡭򡭡ҵĽģͻȻһӰŰϺڵӰĵطӿ
ʲôˣôģϺоëȻ㣿򣿺ֻһ˻ôǡ
ϺҪͻȻһӭ洵մһƵģŵס˽ŲٿȥʱȴŮĶûзӦŮŤͷȥ
ǰϺȷһ飬һ룬ǡ

ݶϣһۣһǳɹˡ
򣬸ңôģ
һİϺѾŵþȣӰ죬ԺľһŴ򿪣˴ȡϢ
ǱϺǸͼжǱġ
ε֪Ҫƭң
ǰͼȴ͸ңҲһΡҷҵһ͸оԾҲû֪Ѿࡣֻܰͼ
˵ѣ˽㣬Ҫ㣬ˣҲ㺦ңǲǣ
ǡҲû취ģǻϡǻϰʾҪõȨҪҳ£֤ݶҵģһжǻϵ⣬ҲǺģҡһֱΪԼ˲һֱѹͷʲô黹ҪɫЩһֱԭȢΪ˼壬ȻעҪùֿңǾ˸õֺͨαǸŮǰίȫأ
һ£ͳﳼ̫֮ӰǺķչˣǻͻȻ飬ȻݣǾֻˣպйͼڣ˳Ȼ׷ġҲ벻檵չܻһһжҵĴƣҲܹңҪ־͹Ǹһ³ˣüʱóȨ
Щ˻ڳ˳飬˶ҪˣҲ̫ˣ
㺦һңùͼ㣿úݶģ㻹֮λòǻҪɣ
ҡԭģʳأֻҪһֱһ竣֮λܼ̳ܵоУǽ˵ĴǺѪҲǡȵˣ̧Ϊһо˳ˡǡͻȻϣֳ£ҵļƻֵģϾһչһ֪࣬һֱһ㣬ҵԺҸոҪ֣ʹˣ֮չ̫죬һˣƿزˣҲֻݱܷâȵˡȵһ̳˵ʱٶԸ
Ϻ㱣ͷεĽһС
鵭ţȫгˣľشҩĲԺںܶطֻϧ̫١
˴˿ѾѪˣҪֱӶ֡
ͻȻϺˣҸո˵ʲô㵽ǹ㡭
ʶҩЧûˣҲ̫ˣʵĶˡХһͰѳק棬Ȼ˦ݶһ棬žͺֱ죬ƮԶˡ
ûṦ˦֮ͣסֱӱһѽ뻳бסһײ֬ˮ۵ǰɽײϨˣХҲǳ׼˦ġ
ǰϺʧĺͻȻһۣ˹ȥ
ХۿХҪɱ֣ûпڣȴһס֡
ȻХͱ
Хŭ
ʲ֮ôɱǱˣԩùöĲܾ࣬ôˡԼ׵ɱģ˭Ҫͬһѡ
ȴĵĸϽɿеȻøۣҲںĽ֡
һҲںѾ̬ȣ˸
Լ·ڵҽûǱԶֱ֣Ӱɱ鷳ϾǸոջϺˣϸûˡ
ѹѹԼɱ飬࣬˵ô죿
ںʲôʧȥʲôҫ;ǻ֡黺˵ţƽҲס˵
鵹ûֱ˵Լļƻֻţֶ֮кѾƵġ
֪ˣ˵ôǶհ죡˵꿴ХХҲͷһΣҶģ
鿴ҲģһֱġȻһǾ飬ȫûԤ֪ųһƵİš
΢΢һЦƲߣסԼ࣬Ͻȥ·ɡ
˲ٹεİϺҪ뿪һʮȴͻȻ˹㱨Ϣ


183 
ࣿ˼һͶһʮԽͻ䴦
Ǳ߳ڸһʮ˵ĹѾХ˰Ϻ棬ԺͻȻһ
ڶ񼯣10ࡣ
ԭ밲Ϻ飬¸Ͻת˼άࡣ
ȷڴԺϦ֮䷢飬⼸һֱæż飬ûдǾ˵ոһʮҳΪ顣
δļƻҪá
Ҫ͸շһั𲽴Լƣһξۻ˽ӽĻᣬƫƫʱҲ鷳ͼ£鷢չɶԼ
ţͱһˣһûͣܿʧ
˾֮ǰͣĵطȥ
Хǰ͸С˵ôˣ
֮ǰԽͻԱһ顣
ǰϺµһΣ
ԣǰ˽ѯʴǷ˳ɶԺĹԱͷˣѡ˽ҹǶԺʱı⣬ҪͻȻµԽͻ䣬ǲͻȻ֪һ
ǰϺôûȥֵ
ǹˡ
˲׹ƹˮ̣⣬׵屻ٵĶԶԺΪ׵ĹԱǲҸڹְߵ̫ģ±˵ǹϵ
Խͻ£ҲΪʼҪԸˡ
˳ԾϯǾ˵ԭеǴξۻпܾǽ
ȥ𣿡ľʵ
һ㶣ȥʲô
ɵˣ㣬Ҫȥ𣿡
鵹ҲûҪҹȥΪҪһһЩˣһ¿ö󡣡
Ȼ
ȥ˷
ǳȴҡͷЩҲܽԽͻȥҪԶ֣㡣
ʲôһ±ƣǿųֹ飬˲䷴ӦԼǸովԼ׵Ŀʵ˵ӦǴܴƲŶԣԳ鲻ãҪο
ĸһ£ԽԽˡ
ҲԽԽˡ
ԭʱҲԽͻ䣬飬黹ǻԶ֣ΪʱĳűˣһС¾ˣǴ¶˿ĲȻҪԶ֣һȴǹϷ֡
û£ҪԽͻȻҪȥǾ˵δҪԼǲȥļ»ʲôͷӰܴ
㡭ԥ
ҲҪתһ飬һ𰡣Ц˵
ȥ¥
𡭡ҭһ£õطݺܺÿ
תô죬ҲͲᷳ¶ˣǻҪؼһ˵ġ
Ϊʲôʱ䰡˭֪Щ鷳ʲôʱ֣
ǼǵԭУһι󣬾Ϳʼȫչأԭ͸ļƻͻ谭һμǱҪģշļƻͲɹ
գգָָۣԼ
˿ûɶⰡˣŮװ԰ôŮװʾأȥ¥
ŵˡ۵ȻԸո̬ȹڻ
ŲأƯϽ͡漴ֻҵҲ˵㴩ŮװȽϺõ˼Ҳûз˼ĺÿǹȥʱҳµ꣬ʱװ㿴𣿡
ǲ̫ԼŮװʲôԼǲ̫ģֻܸ̬жϣǵϴŮװӾͺϲһȴһҪ־ӣҲֱ治ΪĲǺɫɡ
˵İ취ҲǲУǾ͵ͷӦ¡
˵Ҫȥ¥ʱ¶ȵ顣
ֻ͡
һ·ҪǹȥΪҹɫѾˣȻһҳµ궼ûҵ
ѾͷðˣۿҪ¥ˣεҪȻǻ·ȥҵʵ
ХĶǸߴ󣬿ܾǿ黻·
ô鷳ֱӻȥҲС
ȴˣѵҪȥУܱ˿
һֱͻȻЦһ˿Ц黹ǻ˰ɣȥһᱻӶϣܸòˡ
ҡҲ˼Ȼ˵ʲôϽҪͣô綼ô
΢䣬Ŀͼ졣
ͻȻ洫һףⲻҺֵܵ𣿡
漴ͱ죬С𣿡
ҵ
̽ͷȥȻҡ
ҴżṫӣȻ㣬֮ǰȥ㣬˵ˣǲϢ͸ˣ
ҪشͻȻ˸ڶһȥ
ǰġ
ǳ˵ΪʲôҪһ𰡣Ҳ߲ˡ
ʱѾЦָļ˸ܣԭЩһԱǸովǿ˵¹ǣеλĻһ̽ɡ˶鲻У罻һ
ֵܿĻӸǰİǰɽ˷¼´󹦣ǰ;˲ŰҸ˽ܣȻֳգգۡ
˼ˣʵҵı϶һЩһԺ֣뵽ڸĻӻ죬;ЩȻûɶȨλҲûɽ£СʱҲ𵽴ãοи̽ɣԾҪֵһһ£ܽܡ
Ȼ֪Ǹʲô˼ڵҪһȥ¥ˡ
Ҵߴ³ͷ飬ҪѯʣͼѾһذɫɴİɫȹжñģİɫñһԼֻܿһ˫ÿǱĺúõġ
ҵֳϱΪ٣ңÿ˳ļ붼ԺǱߵľۻ᲻ɣ߰ɡ
ȵȣ󾪣
¥ͿԴų輧롣
輧ҡҵģ
ԣĳ輧ȻȻ
Ѿ˵ˣϾ֮ǰŮװûоǵ˿ȴҪô
鵭ЦѾ֪ҸةԼԽϵ׽ڣǿܻЩģҲڣǿܻɵ㡣
ҡҲҲĻӵġȻ
ԣų輧ңܱȴͬŵıҪɣ֪ĺֵܡ
꣬Ҳ޻˵ֱ洫ҲͷĴߴ
ŵúñ֣ү
Ѿһ˵ԼֵܸأôˣһжǴųģѵǳ鲻¥ֱŤˣܰɣҪǲԸͣڽ¥ſڸ
˼룬Ϳˡ
Ҳ̫ˣ˵أȥԷҵ٩Ļû˵꣬ʱͺ񱻲סӵĴ׶һѽһֽС
ֻ֮һֻŮװŰֱ˳
ȫ̵ͷ飬ֻתַ˳
һһ̫òĸİȹŮվڳϣһӭ̬ȴʲô
ƺŷӦϽ˫֣Ů˳㵹;ŶԷ֫ԭɵȹô˫һӾϾͿŲӯһƵġֱ˻µ棬Ůһ̧ͷ˵һ˫ɴñ֮ƺˮ⣬۲תɷз飬һ룬ֱǡ
һ˫۾ú漸˲ĵͷӡ
ǰȴǳ׵ɵˡ
⡭⡭˭Ҿ㵵ֵܲǲϲŮ˵
ġʵ˵輧֣о̫ˣֻԹǴģʱӵϢԾ͹ˣҲܴȥɡ
˵Ĺ򣬳ѾǷ˼Ҳֱ治߲ԡ
껰֮󣬳͹ɵĿһҪеӣҲֻӲͷƤϵ§ס
ҵɴ˫ۿŮӰ죬ǰһյߵǲⰡұܲʲôʱŮҲˣһ輧ݲؽ㲻±ұ׽鰡ֵܣѵ㲻֪ұڵ㻹ôҵģ
ĬһˣȻ֮棬е㴭
˵ѪоԼѾȫһˣЩһ˵
ûû¡
ˣ£ֵܰڣ輧ɶֵǿ輧λܵͣҲûж롣
ԽԽİһ§ֱӰѳˣС
Ӵʳһ۶ѡ
һ۶С˵ΪδС룬ʶȤ㣡
ȴЦôϲ˰Ȼ鶼Ǽٵģ֮ǰ߿ˣˣ߰ɡ
˵ţ˾ֵ¥ߣֻȫ̺
֣ǳһֱУҲֻܵ§סϾŸ¥Ůƣȴı
§Ž¥ŮȻĬϳԼĳ輧֣еǴֵǽԼֲ֡
˸Ϥ⣬˾˵з磬Ҳ֪òŮˣҲỳɡ
ܿ찴ճָʾһ͵̬һ¥Ķ¥ƽ̨ǿݵĺõط
Ǻܿ˹˵ƽ̨˰ˣ˵䣬˿;Ʋˣ˶ܻ࿴һЩ
һ۾ͿԽ
ԽҲҰ޿ˣԽΪǳʱı⣬һˣȻ͵ͷһԵĶԺԱ˵ʲôĳַ˵ϬģԺܿ춼ԺԱſվǰ˵ҡ
һܶˣ¶Ժ˾ͿˣֱһȥȻǰѾھǳԺ֣Ȼں˶ࡣ
ҶԺԱĿҲܼ򵥣Ҫȥ޸պǱߣȻйϵĺҪһ˳ȻҪص˴ùϵԾҵ˽˵˵
н룬ȵʱҲֻӲͷƤ߽ȥˡ
ո§ų֣
ԽͻоˮĻ棬һ
ֻĸЦԽͻ䡣
ֻ˶ɴ۾һ£·˵ˣ㾹Ȼų鱧Ůˣ
һŮ˶¶ֱ飬ΪʲôԽͻԼұĲİ裬ѵ֪֪𣿣


184 
˺ܿ챻кȴҾƱоʱͷĹԱҾٱ
йԱҪ˽Ȼÿ߶ҪһˣԽͻֳҲҪ곡ϷСԱǶɵˣ滹죬ȴǸƽ˺ܲʹ졣ǳٳӦ
ǻ֣رԾգĹ깫ˣֱЦŴ˼ȻҪͣСͲˣˣ㡭
СӣǶСģںĲ˵ѹܵؾˡ
ĵˣԱߵϽҵ㡣
ҳЦĵͷһ˵Ȼ˹ע
ֹԼ棬һˣصġЦ
Χ˴Լȴ̱ðЧĳ飬ȻһѾΪժñܣ¶˰ļüĿüۣȫ̾ʹͷԲߣȻҲУɴ͸˺ˡ
ҼģС档ӲͷƤоԱԽͻ俴Ҫһˡ
ŶǸôѧϰѧϰΪ輧ɲܲźˣ¥Ĺź˵ˣ
԰үơЩҲȶ˾ƣ˵ûô˼ˡ
鵹˳ƹԹΪơѧΧӣݾƱߣεһڡ
ԭҵ٩һ¾ͻתߣм˿Ž¥ĹﶼǰٻʢŵӣȻôһصģʹιƶ󣬿ģɫھƾ¾ͱøˡżȻƳһ룬һҼĸоҪ§뻳кú۰
˾Լбŵ˾ͲˣߵĹﶼǴ󷽷ܿģֹӣ輧Ҳǿ£ҪǺãҼҲм㽻һΣ
ɫһ䣬ʱʮֺڣȻóġǲ֪Ϊע鷳ʡ
ҼҵĲ֪ȤĺܣҴӽϴģûʲô棬׺ߣ˶Ȼǲϲġ
⻰˵ľеˣλԱ̫ˣ˰ǻһǵĺܿ԰ɣǱ߱Ȼһζ
ʵȨҰĵǺһ£ΪһյĹ໨ѹ򣬸ľڽϣмڻңû
һҲźοŵĹϾ˿Ǹϲ˵ӡһͻȻŮˣɼŮյжɫ˼
һΪѣȻаæ˵ûãɵĿԽͻ䡣
ȴٱȾƣȫһҲ뿴ʲô˵ӡ
鿴ƴҽάӣоʮȤʵûˣȻҲ͵ΪֹˡҪ̧ͷԽһͻȻԱһֻ˹ƺҪ§ס顣
˲䣬һӳĳ鶼һ£ٿı顣
Ŀӿ޷ŭһѳֱתһȦ˻С
ƮƮ˾ϣĻУЩ㵣۾ܾ¹һֺԲ濴⻭һο°üĿɴ֮ʲôˣɵĶЩȣ׼ռ˵ĴԱɫҲЩΣֶסˡ
ӴֲϱֹզС˵һۣ£ܿ˰ɡ
ɫЩӲǻùĹĵģֱȴɵĽ§øЩ
άƤЦⲻЦٵҵıҶûأ˵ȻӲԣ˵ˣС˾Ұɽ
˵ҧɴֱųͷתתԼţκ˿üۣһƤҪ¶
ͷβˣסԼıһ㣬˿Ӱ֡ɨЩʱԵľ棬ǿԾͲԣôУЦôܱ˿죬Ҳ䣡ոչȻôӦġ
Χ˶ԱΪѵΪʾǺȶ˾Ƶˣ˭ֱ˭ءԼ˵ıҲ̫ˣΪһ輧ɶǳҪǴģֱӰѳ輧͸˼ҶɣôˣȻǸĵ·չĺˣѳ
Ҷоеˣֵܵ飬Ҳֵֻ֣ܲܵ߯СͰԶʳǰҷ˶ɵģθոõ֣Ȼ᲻øˡƾλ˿ˣԲСĸ棬еˣһʶ
Щ˱ЦˣЩȴо̫̹
ڻĳ򴦻̧ͷһ࣬ǱԽͻ䡣
˴ʱۿߵǿȻ˵µӣµİ˲ĸĸгΪץҲǣץҲǣϾҲǵѣ̫ΪˣȻСѵ˵͵Ե³
źʱֽȣȻúȥһʱͻȻһ˫۾˹
Խͻ䱾ܵıǿĴڸȥ˲һױ۾ʵ仯ܴ󣬵ͶȴϰλߵĲɡ
ûˣȴֱӱԼĿˮǺ
ǣǣǵ¡
ʱһֱڰһʮҪгֽѵˣҲû뵽Ӻʱⲻص㣬صô·ˡ
Ҫ֪ڰӻŮװʱ򣬺޲Բ˫Ŀ˵ÿǸоĵ£ôΪ˽ôίԼأǲҿ͵ûĬĬ£ҪȻҪӰɡôһ߸ϵĵأȥˣ
û뵽һӻҪίֱ˳ǿҵĿ˳嶯
ԽͻԺˡ
ǱΪѧտҪģѵôԼ۰˳һ£Ļ˲šӲöáԽӲŵ٩ϲԱߵĽǶǺȾƣǰϣܻӭ
ǶòԹɫЦЦˣպܿͻˡ
ˣո˵빫ӵλڽϡҲתƻʵ
һϣͱˣעҲˡԺ˵ǲ̫ˣҲһͷŻˣֻգգۣһ޹Ŀû㣬Ҷ˵Сˣðա
Ҳû뵽˶Ůװô棬Ϊֻһ輧ֻҪҫҲ⣬û뵽ǳôһ粨ֵˡЩ֣ڻܸܵռֺǿҪĸоó㡣
ͻȻֱ§ĲӣԼᣬ˳ƽ§ƻ˻˸һЩȴû뵽˿ʵѾ԰˷ˡ
ո˵˲Ըĸˣ֪𣿡
ΪҪ˵ʲô¶أʲô⣬ҧûϹæԲԣиˣոҪ㱻ռˣڲұ
ûЦ˫ķȴЦ⣬ȥһһģĻŵĲҶӡ
𼱣ԽͻѾ֪ˣǽ̸žͺá
ľٶžͺܶע⵽͵óһȻܱ輧Ľۡ
Ծɲ̫˵ӣҲֻܸԽͶһл
Խһۣǳ鴤ٱĬˡ
Ʊյ䣬˵λûȥԽ˾ĸǵĽ̸ܸı
˵䣬ԽʵǸأʲô淨𣿡
ͷߣոհ飬·ǵϢң˳ƽˡ
ǳֵ˳˺ɣ֮ǰһˣʲôڴǽءԽЦȴҲ̫ҵͷеĳˡϾӣ࿴ǲġ
Ůװ𣿻ǾŪܺ棿Ϊϲɣ»ǳ
ûûζˣֱü鷳һô죿ȸ˵һ¡
оĻʮеͷͬ
ͻȻ俴һۣԥһֱŲ𣿡
䣬仹ûӦͱԽŶˣ߻Խӣ
סеһֱڣǷˡ
鿪ڵزأԷ
糺죬İһ£أһǺȶٶ˼ô죿ǱŰȫ㣬ܲ˸һнɴɣ㡭ǲǲڣҷҲС
˵꣬˵ͳЦ·һԸеߣȷ֪ŵľһˣΪʲôȴҪ˻ڻеϧУⲻǶŮӲŻеĸо
Ҳ⣬š
ۡﶨ˶ȴ͵͵һ˿ҵȻԱߵĶԻ
࣬һĸัԽɣܴͼϲøѰ㣬ƺֵܳܡ
̸ҲԸоĸัǳ¼ɲʲôˣัȻĸ̸֣֮ȴǵԼūһָֻŵָߣʱʱ裬Щ˵ı¶ƵģﻰⶼڵԼ͵˸ϻ֮ЩܳŵһƬأẦû䡣
ǰԪȼȨʱʵǲ̫ģǵԤʹϾԼͦῴģҪѣֻΪԶ»ʵȼ֮»ȨʵϲŪЩԱҲϲಷһ
ѵûͷȻҲ
죬͵ͷ
Ⱦ
΢䣬ȻǸ͵ļัˡ
ȾҪʣǿʱøԽ˵һ㷨Խ̽ȾȴϣȻȾ
ȾܵҲЦЦ˵үһֹҲҪƣйﻹҪƣֱӾͰλˣԾɵü˳۵ϣֻĲĺԹȴעļ˿
ʵڳ黹ԪȼʱôЩˣȻ֪һЩģֻǲϤһҪѡһ˷Լ֣ݹȥ֪ϸոյһЩ۲죬ѡ˹Ⱦ
ҽڸԽʾ˹ȾԽףȻӴ̽
ֵĽС΢ӣʵδҰô൨顣
ʱһֱڰһʮȴоΧе㲻ԾǴѪɱĸоֻϰߺڰܸоǡɱִ̿ڸĸо
ɱ֣̿ͣĿ˭


185 
ԽԹȾ̽Ҳϸˣ˹Ⱦķġ
Խ˵ʲô΢ʻ߾ͻľԴֵʵǡǡ෴Ⱦӵݵ˼ά˺ѱá
ʮĹȾԼ˾ǰֵΨΨŵŵʵȴܺ
һ͵ҰļңСĲԼʣֻΪסԼڵĵλϾûбûпɽҲûвֵ£쵽һǷǳѵġ
Ҫȴֻ׵İ취Ǿǵȴڻ֮ǰȾеĲĶ£ֻΪߵ㡣
˻һͷͼеĳڴ˼ͻȻ˹ͷӶƣ˵ɱִ̿ͰΧ֪Ŀ˭
һ΢䣬ֱ֮䣬˳ƷĴϣΪ˵ȰĦ۵һˬгײŮ޵ͣ˰ʱˣȵȷˣҲֻǿӦ
ˣʵ
ֱӶ֣ڣ⣬ǵĿǱˣһ˷ֿжǿܾϾ˼ˡҪǰץס𣿡
ȻҪΪζһרҵɱ֣ץסҲûá
Ӧòǳġ͹ʹ֮󣬿ڵ
ɻʵΪΣ
Ϊû֪㣬ܳλйϵҪɱңӦһжʱ䣬һ˫ߵóˣǱ߷ˣǶùҪǣʱ䶯ģҪɱǵĻҪȷô죬ʱ⡣
ͷȷǵĿСġ
оݵķţʵΪϵͳѹûΣգԭҲųȻϵͳûо͸ֻҪɺʵĻ˵һµġ
ٶ˵ˡ
ʵЩɱġ
ɱġͻȻڵ
˲ɴ˫۲˼Ŀ飬ôô͵óˣܶĲɡ
ΪΣɻ
Ϊʱ͵ص㣬ǼҹһĿꡣĻǲز֣ϸ˵̫ˣԼҧ²鿴ͺã˵Լ©ϣɱ̫ˡ˵˵ţо⣬Ȼʮڴ
ȻûǻǰշԸȥԽͨȥˣ˳ʵôͷˡ
ȴĿɿڴĿų飬֪ԭ飬ͳٵ˼άչϲϵٶȡ
飬Цģٸ͡
ƹѲǣ¹ҹϣ§ȥ˰䣬ҲҪȾ£ȻҲҹ˼տ߶߲ҿϰΪı飬ָ֪һ顣
ԹȾҲֻܴŹȥĸڰס
ʾ§ųվôҶкų뿪ȥȾڵİ䣬ԽȾƣԱӦ
һᣬʮͺ޹˼ɵĳڷ
ѾԴޱȵˣʮʱȴݺݵĵһۡ
ӣȷ̿ǶΧڼǱߣһšʮ㱨
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ǣȾȻеĹ뿪ԼһϢ
֪û˯ţǷڻδϨơ
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ɵ壬ԭǰոʷġ
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һԽͻҲ˵⡣
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ǶԷ˭Ҫڳʲô
ԽüǰʲôܶУϾഫ˵ײģҲױõģ²˵Щ̿㻹Ͻȥš
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Ⱦɫ䣬Ϊ˼ΪԼδ·ٷ¿ɲǺ¶ҪЧҵ˼ӦǽڣǴӦˣδзǳѰ飬һŲ̽䣬ҲܶӮƽơ
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186 
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һʮʾмһˣ鱾Ҳ˷ʱ䣬ͻȻ͵ĳˡ
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лҪ˵ԵϹ棩ŴԵŮģڲУԵû壬Ҫġ


187 
ͳȵĻӼ飬ԪǺӶڣǵİȻҲѾֱϳĵԽͻҪΪ֮׼ǻ鰸Ҳǳʾȥȡġ
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188 
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189 
ΪС˾˵ıݻ˳ҵķһ»ڵĴ̿ͣǾ鲻㣬֮󣬾ֱɱˣͨĴô򵥣ʿˡ
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ܿԽͻƿ˾棬һϣϺѵסǣܿǾռһ֤ݣ֤طĳЩԱ;й󳼹ˮ̰ۻ¸Щ֤ݲԶ永ԱϾ󲿷֤ݣ֮ǰѾˡ
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190 
ڴʻʮѡ˶࣬·;ƽĵ·԰ȫҲԸľش㹻ʱŪԽ
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鷳ľҽȿɣֻˣⲻ󡣡˵䣬ɫѾһ§Խһסֱߵĵһ˫۾Σյһ档
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̫ΣˣңϵĲҡЩҰɣҪҪܰһˡ


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ޱĻû˵ͻȻžһ죬Ϻݺݵ˦һƣǱĵڵϡ
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ޱȴɣ˵Ķ˵ˣ磬Ϻ㵽ײ岻֣ѵĲԼǣ㻹ǰϺĵأ
ĿޱЦ˵ףֻǹԼˣʧȥŮݣĸ׻ôʱ޼ɵ˵ֻΪʵԼĿģ˽Ҿ̾ɣҴĸ׸˵ף㲻ǵˣԶټ㡣
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ϺֱӸһЩ֤ݸϺŵĿţȻôĻҪء
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ʲô˵ޱʧķ˵Щ飬ʲôû˵ֻ˵ҪǶϾϵѡһ֪ӡ
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գϺڳ£ǩ˺͹ϵϾ顣
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Ӵ˰ϺԺ޹ϵޱҲ˰Ϻȴպ˽١
ûдޱ飬֪Ҳûж˵һ䣬֪ʱޱ˵ʲôĶˣҲǺ¶
갲Ϻ飬ͳʽӭϦ硣


193 
Ϧ統磬˵һȷʱȶŸȥʹ
ͬһ·Ѿۼ˺ܶƥǾƷϻоλļ壬ֻҪδ׵˽ԿϦ磬ͬ͵״ᡣ
Ϊ˸תҲϦͳ˳ǵʼҴո
һεϦȴرʢҪĿȻΪ˻ѡҹŮĲ˾ʹ֣ǿϣֻҪǵĸ׿Ҳһܳɡ
ԭϦΪʺٰģǴܳε״ѡ̻ʺǻʹ
̫֧£ÿһζǳ̻ʺ֯һȴǻʹ졣
ҶΪ̫֮ǰܷ˳̻ʺ󱻻ʹѹһͷһλʹ˱ȨڰһϦ磬һڶ
ΪϦ磬ʹͬ׼һ£˻ΪʹںţҲҪڹŮѡõļ޸ӡ
Ҫ˵ŮΪȻǲӨܷܷ꣬ϵˣĳ̶ֳϾͲӨϲ
ӨΪѧҲϵĵŮµĲ飬о˵òĽǸҶۺѡһεϦ磬ƺܶ˵עڲӨˡ
ŶӽʳǣſھҪ顣
֮͸ϽŶӣǴȥһԽûעŮӵ顣
λӸӨˣʵ
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Өʱʧ̬󾪵˵ʲôأ
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ͯȻ̽ģԭԽԲΪ˼Ҳֵֻܱһͬˡ
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ö֪֮ԽʲʲôˣҲûп쳣ͯ誾ֻ뿪
ĵԽѯͻΣʵµ飬зִ硣
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ǺܺСãδĽŮӢۣ˵һֻŮӪŮӵսȺӣδΪԪȼ²ٺͣͻˣԭдϲ߽磬һδޡ
ǸĪδĻˣĪһ𱻾ȵǸСԱƽ¼ֱӾͳ˹ɣúΪ飬Ϊ˻Խľ֮δͳԪȼõˡ
ҵţ˵ܹܡ
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СôյԽԽ磬ҵһο绹ÿĸ磡ϵŮһ
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һĸԼ󣬱ҪҪ㰲ʱ˵鷳飬˾ˣһлô죿ǺС˺£Ҳйصκζ
ǳ˻شܳأ׼Ѱ̫ԭĳϱҵʱ飬ʱеѾüĿ֪Ҳ˵ݺҪż̻ʺؼ棬ĸĻɣҪһ̽
ϾϿĸ֮ʱΪ֤ҲѰǶԼͽȥԹۣתͷԼСӵ̫ӣԼİõٵĻʺ֮λ˿ʹ֮⡣
ҲǴͷڮϽȻʺС̵߽ģΪڵĳ̻ʺ޹أһҪƲϵģΪϷֵŮˣϴСˣϵĶСȴһСʵѾ˵˺ܶࡣ
ԪȼҲ²ԼĸԼԩ޶ԣҲֻһŮӣʱ޿κΣֻ沨𽥲ܱסԪǣҲǳգܼɼô֪Լĸûѹʹأ
ܾѣ˿ţ޴Ԫȼԣĸ׵廹΢ͬģżĸһ棬Ҫʹڷ飬ðΣǱ룬ȴ̻ʺ˵ĶԻ
΢΢Ļ붼һ˲Ȼ֪ĸ׸۰ߵԪǣȴ
һҹ㱻ץƴӳ˳ϵ׷ںĶҹ֮УˣĶǱһƬ
Դʱĳԣ⻹ûдﵽôĳ̶ȣΪڵ֪е࣬Ҳ˿ֻĸɳɹ·ϵĵʯˡ
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תͷȥȻͼ̻ʺʼ£һסͷһסؿڣװӡ
ڶ񼯣12׹֮ƻ


194 
׹֮ļƻǳ̻ʺݺʹļƻǺ󹬶·Ϸˣʹ׹޺ˣԴھͿʼ̵ݡ
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ϦǶûɶرҪ飬ǿһˮɵϷ롣
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ɩôˣ岻𣿡λϵĻϿѯʡ
̻ʺ̧һЦлϹģȷżвʣ̫ҽ˵û⣬ܾû˯ðɡ
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̻ʺһ˸д۸ƵġǿЩٻʢŵףˡ
ʹö࿴һۣҲһۣŤͷȥ
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Ѿӳߵ֪ȫƻ÷ͿڵǲˣɩЩ裬ʵڲУ˰㿴ǲˮá
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˲ӨһְĿͶ˸̨ϵλӣԪǿݸһЦʱԵ߻ء
һĻȻ˳̻ʺУ̻ʺɫѿɲϣԼĶӸϹϵ
һǵӨСʱ򳣳游С֪ӣѾôˮ鶯ˡ̻ʺ̫Ц˵ҾͼǵѩԪǴѩ̣˼С۸ˡ
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Ц״Ʋ˵˭óҶҪӨϱֻͬӨŮӣֵøõġ
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Ȼһ룬̻ʺŭֱӴ˾һ 
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ԪҪȴ̻ʺŭ⣬ҿ㱻꾫Ļ궼ûˣ֪ôôһûϢĶӡѵʲô𣿻һ𡣡
Ԫڻûܹԭб﹥Ŀ࣬ԻԾִŲѣǳ̻ʺᵽʱ͸Ӽ淴ͱ
ĸôȥҪ˾֪ˡԪǳ
̻ʺòᣬϽ˦ֵҹȥ飬һʺϼȥ
ĸ󣡡

Ԫǻ˵ΧǰȰ˵Ԫǣŭ̻ʺǲǶԾõģԪûҲֻߡ
̻ʺŻڵϿľˣЦ˵з㻹ΪԼϷۣ粻ɣ͹ܵܣΪҲ֪㶯ʲô˼ҿҶȢ㣬ķ
ԭľ⻰һ̧ͷ̻ʺʱѾ˫Ŀ죬
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в׼˰ѾߣǾȴǸϣһԼߡ
̻ʺΪˣͲ˷ʱ;ϣҲþֱ˦뿪
ڵЦһ뿪
žȥʱ飬ɫ𽥱ˣӳ̻ʺѾ϶˲Өˡ˿̵״̬ԭǲһģΪԭʱѾΪ֮ǰ̫̻ʺȻҲûкɫϱƸڵ̬Ȳࡣ
˵̻ʺҲ˵ƵĻҲԪǼȢӨ
ԭСݺӨҲͺˡ
ھ𻹲̫Ҳûе˷Ҫ֧Ԫǵĳ̶ȣӦþûɺӨˣ֮ľǲǾͲᷢ
뵽Ϳ˳飬龹ȻҲڳ˼
ôˣ
ûܸое㲻ʲôط̫ԡҲǿ֮оԵģ˵ͺһûųһ
˷źӵƵĵطɨһȦֻвӨڣڣŰ˵ҲѾ뿪ʹˡ
ӵƣ־ۼ԰̻𣬾ʱոջúø̫˵ĳ̻ʺͻȻȳһѪͻε̫ҽȴ鲻Եɡ̫ţ̫Ԫڸʱ򣬲СıµľҵȻûˣȴŤȣֻ̧ܱŹ
ͻȻ¹ʶԾʱ򣬶Żˡ
ֽӶѾС¶ˣϺ̫ɫѿˣ˴为飬ֺĹȾϾЩ˲ò֮ǰ̻ʺ˵Ĳ˳ȻȻͳ˹֮˵ϡ
Ⱦʼռ㣬̻ܿʺԪǱˡڻʹڲټҲǻɻģһ֣Ǵ
Ϻ̫ɫͲˣֱҪϲ鵽ס
ȾٴβԴìͷָ˻ʹڵ繬
ʹʹȻֵķŭѣȾԩ
ʱ̻ʺתѣŴ£ʱһߣԪҲڵѲ繬
һٲ֮£ƻ˳Уϴȥ繬ֱִ̫֣ӱڸϢ׼뿪Ҫȷ֮󣬲ŻߴңⲻҪڻʹһҹˡ
ǹаȻаţߣûлȥϢȥ繬·ϵϢ
ʱҲԸо˳Ľ꣬Щԡ
ѯʣȻ˶жľԭûг
ֻ˳·Ǽ֮뿪ǰŹ˾סĵط
ӨҲٸвҪҪҽڸֿжͻȻе㲻Ծ
˵žȥ繬ȵ繬棬泳µġ
ݳĶ˵һ顣
ʲôûҵ
׹֮ݺû֤
ô£ǰŵĺúõôû֤أ
ڶ񼯣12׹֮ƻʧܡ


195 
ɵȴϵͳֱ϶ʧܣٷ֡
Ѿ˲۷ˣи⣬ȻѣȴϵشӰܶ飬һ£ֱ﷭ѵЧ
̧žҪ繬ȴͻȻ뿪
ȥ顭ż
һ̻ʺ޹ޱķȥһߵб䣬ҺһˣϸһֱҡڵģָԪǼ棬ѱ֤Ԫû͸¶ʲôһֱоոʱķֻһ繬Ǳ߳¶ȴû˿棬Ų죬ǺЦԱ֮ǰҪߵӼֱˡҲ˵п֪ᷢʲôҲ֪̻ʺҪùˡ
Ӧѡӣ͸¶ϢûʹǼʱ̻ʺ׼׹ˣʲôҲ
Ŀǰ뵽ܵԪǸɫ
Ͼεƣ鼸ȫϵӽΧĽչɿķΧǲܳģֻһ⣬ǾǾ
˴¼Ҳǳ̻ʺϵţζŲ͸¶ϢǣȾȻˣֻ֪׹޾֪Ϣ˰̻ʺԪڲˡת˱ˣ򲻻ɵľûӵԪˡ
²͸ӳˣǼԪǱԵߵʲô˵ӡ
ԭʱϵľѾ̫ˣȻʲô飬ڵϸȻѡĿɽı
֮ǰ̻ʺԾ̬ȣԼ϶ҪԪȢӨ飬Ŀǰ⣬ôڵ֪˳̻ʺǵıƻȻ֪ʲôѡ
ֻҪĴӺͻʹôһæԺҪӵĺ󹬿Ҳѡ
İģȲ𣿡
Ū׹޷ڻʹǱ߱ҵ
ó˵Ҳ֪ܣ׹ѹͲҲŪڶ繬Ǳ߹ܿôϸֶָȥ
鷳ĻһԡŲɿ졣
ŲԶޱͻȻ뵽ǲǷһ׹޷ݺ𣿱Ͼ˵ùԪǰ
ֻҪɣԪڱס϶޷ˣʱҲҪ군Ǿġ
û˵飬Ҳ뵽ıɹǳ̻ʺԪǻˣ̫֮λ϶ǱסˣϴӺͻʹݺϱȻΣҲҪϽʱڹϵ飬Ͳϼǿˡ
ǳҪӵͷ񱻹ͻ𣬶ҴøӴȫԤ룬þƱʮ⣬ǾΪˣ˭Ժˡ
һ뵽ֱǼûɵ϶ҪʧܣڵĿ۷̶ֳȣоԼѾһѵˡ
벻ôǷˡ
ʱͣס˽Ų磬ұҪȥޱһ£ǻĴѲޱܰʱ䡣ֻҪһӾȷޱ浽û⣬ֻҪͼˣܹһῴ㡣
һȥһӣޱô󡭡
ֱӵҺ죬һӹˣҶҲĻžûС˵һЦץֵˣæӦҾðա
һ㶣ûͷˡһʵֻ֪ǲȷһιȥʲôΣգԲһðգּ򵥵
ȻʱҲԹ㣬Ͳңܰһһ㣬ųһ
ո˵죬ǳ̻ʺһֱסĹҲ˵ԪȼǰȥȻ紫ųСߣ̻ʺ鲻ǴϸܿʵԪȼǾޱǻʺĹжһӵʱұпܲضĵطҪҪڵÿһϸڶ̻棬ÿһޱϤУǴӺʱʼ䣬ּ˶꣬ѿڶҺ죬һӼɡ
ͬʱ繬Ѿҵʹֵĺۣһ䣬ҿ˼ҪݺǵģԼʲô׹֮ܵ˷ɰɣ
׹֮ķɵȷҲܺʩߡ
һ˵ɵĿͶ˳̻ʺǡȾҪæ磬ǿĿǰľȻ죬Ҫ¸ˡ
ֱһ̻ʺŷֲ׹޲ʧô򵥡
ƺܿʧأʵΪƽϢʹʹӵŭȻһͬʣҲҪȥޱ
̻ʺѾӦˣ벻ͨΪʲôʧܣͻȻɫĿԼĶӡ֮ǰԪǸһģ
̻ʺߵýʱԪǱʵǲǶ˾𡣡
Ԫɫ˱ĸǲǰµûвغñˡ鷳ˣ
̻ʺ󵱼ҪѪˣȻԪĸ˾𣬶ڻִԲΪ¸޹ء
ôĶӣĶӣһģһծ
һߣʱ䣬Ѿ˶ַģȻԼΣգ죬ոպ˾ƣԱ߻кȻⳡٺ϶ܵһӡ
һˣͰͻȻһ¾ʹԺð˳ʧ֮ǰĵǾ𺦲Өľ顣
ԭУòõ̫˵̻ʺҪ˲ӨΪԪؿڱȻܴӦһвôŮ˵ķԾϦʱƸӨԵҩҪڹʧǶ
ֻҪӨ϶ûʼˡ
ԭòӨɹӹһٵǳ飬ֻǵʱ׹֮Ѿɹȥʱ˲ӨҲжĲӨӨıг飬ԾϤ䷽Ϥ·ˡ
һʼϦξʱʮԥģΪߣϲּ顣
ҪֹģϾܹһˣ֪ŮӶȻԼ֮ķʽһ𡣼ʹ֮󹬣ʵԲӨҲһ񷨲׵¡
ȻҲòϣܵĿľ鷢֮뵽ͻ᲻¸ĳ鲻飬ָоԼûʸ棬вŮòģԼ㲻Ա˳ŵģ
һֱԥԥջǾȥӨѣ
ԺòӨʹҲΪһҹ𣬶Ǹ־ڵıǲӰ飬û˾û˰ɡ
ΪԼʹ죬˽һºˡ
ԭΪȥˣӨȻȫھô飬ڻʹڣڲӨͲֹ̫ˡ
ȻͶ˴ӣ˭óʹҲǸϲӨģ˼ĵŮΪӨԼ·;ϵϰᶯֵģΪ˸õԻԪǣЯһЩҩġôòӨڻʹڶĴûء
ҾѾ䣬ʱҲˣ˭֪᲻ᰴԭ߸߰һ⣬ǲӨ鷳黹֪æǺ˼׹
ӶҪըˣԼҲûüѣֲ뿪ô죿
ɨΧüȦʱҲֻƹˤ·С̫æȥҲӨ
С̫࿴񶼱ˣһȫˣȻڽϵʱȻԼҪȥϢ
ͻȻʱԶôһ
ҪС̫æأһͬ˲ƿС̫ϲĿ
Ҳûоԭ򣬼ôżȥҲӨˡϲһ㣬ˬ̹ǽ
ܿ죬˵ĽŲԶԶĴǻһˣһйȻϡ
װƣС̫Ȱ裬ִȥƿС̫һԾˮˮ
ˮϺܿ촫С̫ĺȴͣڡ
һ˺ܿ챻˹ܹۼһӾͿϽȣҲʲôϽŻϵС̫࣬ӻϵг̡
С̫ίĿߣ˵˾һֱˣƷ裬ס
ȻͷҲûвȷ˱󣬾ȥ̫ҽԺʱڵϵͻȻҿй
ȻһӣֱֱѺͣǽ鷳
ôһ飬һ͹ȥˣԲ
ʱĳֳһ׹ޣдŻϵ֣һǽӰĿŹҶ
ˡϵˡ
ѵҲ׹޵ģ
תתǣöεϤҰäȴ˵
պʱˣȻӺ誶ڡ
Ŀ۽ϣͼ֮Ĵ̽ѰһϢ˴У誵ߣ˾ߵ˶ĩβӰǲ֪ҲϢĸǣڵһǽĺ档
ʱ䲻ûȫ
ˣֻˣȥ鰲źá
ӳס֮ǰסĹҲֻżȥϢ
һ˲ǰ誹Ӧ֪ϸһֱڻãոշʱ誾裬ֱֻʹǱʲôûҵ誾Ͳ³ʲôΪӵˣȻܿŴһҲҪԴӳ֣һԪжʧܣǾǲϡ
ԲŻ׹ֹʹķȥһµ׹޾ˡ
ϳȻȳӷ㣬ŮŪ׹޻Ǻܼ򵥵ģи֣ûעʱǱһǳɡ
ѵ誵ĹϾ񣬿͵͵һˡתͻ˶ĩβҵ˻ŵĹȾͬӰһվ󣬵ͳţʾ


196 
ǡȾȻһľҪͷȥǽѹסתͷĳ嶯
˵֮ȻϢ뿪ȾԼĻᡣ
Ⱦŵ˼һ֪û£ͰٶһѡϾڵѾû·ˣһСĿܾҪͷء
ڳ̻ʺԪע£ǽ䣬Ȼһ
˵ɫù˵᲻ֻɺϣ
ʱٶȿȾȾ˵΢ռûг
ҿǱ˰ɣûǻҪһ±Ĺ𣿡ʹЩܻˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô̻ʺİŻʧܣǴõĻᣬһó̻ʺ̫أǴӾǱߵõϢְţԼţôأ
΢ֻǷ£δԣ˵繬йأ繬һʲôֻԹڣҪĶֻҪйĵطӰ죬Ʒڱ𴦡Ⱦֱӵ
ԹɣҪĸˮˣʣְŪǷǵ˾͸ɱˣ
ȴˣǽҲ˵֮֪Ǻ
Ⱦŵûſڵϵ£΢Է飬
㵹˵˵ô죿Ѿ䣬ȻǶɱҪֱɱ˹ȾƽϢ˵ķŭ
Ѱ繬йصĹȾ
ʱȺдйϵĵطǲֻдס𣿡
⻰Ȼ˵ģԭֻ뵽鷳ķʽû뵽ͶҽĹȾȻˣҲעʹҪùˡȻˣΪȾ϶ǻʺˣҪȻҲһϷ
²һΣʹʹԼ̻ʺԪǣʵĶûˣϾǸԵļƻƻˣߵһУ˭֪ǰʲô
ҵǾǻʹʹӰˣûҵǹȾɣ̻ʺԪҲܵһЩǣ
ϴ飬ȻޱҲ׹ޣѾǼʱֹˡ
֮ܲܳɣͿ誵İˡ
ţͷڿݲĿˡ
ôһ￴֣֪֪˾ӡ
üͷ鶯һ£ӣˣ죬ˮֺãڰȫΧʱ䣬ˡ
أʵ
ȥ̫ҽԺѾˡƻᱻֱͻĲݡ誵
˵ţ͵һѲ֮£׹ʽǳ
֮ĿֺԩûٹܣϺͳһ
ҹֳ飬ΧȻüžţͻȻٵĴϢͲĲȵĽŲ;ŮӣȻĵطȥӭͿһŮײ˹
鱾㣬ȴ˾ȻǲӨ
һߣѾͻԼķ䣬̫ǻææµµ׼ԡסʱѹ̫ǣżææ廻·ȥˡ
տţͿҴҸ
ɫ΢䣬ôˣ
Ͻȥ˲ӨǲӨȴڣô죿
ȥˣѵ߻ԭˣ
ţͻȻԺжһ֧񣺸ԲӨ
һϵѪɫ˲ȥһƬհףҪ
ɫԽѿǵôˣǲǳʲôˣ
ҵáȥҡЩ֪룬ȥ˭ҲӨǳ飿һȥ˷˾飬ԼҪҪֹʲôֹ
ô룬Ǳܵſȥ
ûгſڣͿϤӰһ˹
ǳ飬ԼŵĲӨ
ӨڳϣͷҲļϵġ
ͻȻһֱ˴һƵĸоܸ߳дӽŵ
ϵͳҪˣǲ͵˳𣿶԰ڸʲôӲΪʲôһС
Ǳ˳ķް
ΪˣϾ֮ǰװףĸӨĺùˣԺҲһḺһûʺѡͳ·Ҳܸܵ˼飬һ
Լڸʲô
ԣ߹ˣԼÿǽȥڳռ䣬Ρ
˼ĴӴмÿ͸ʧ˻һ
Ϳĳˣǰôˣѵ͵ˣɫô
Ҹӣֻҡͷ
Ҳԣ֮ǰӨòģŲӨˣɵĿʵܹô
Ŷ˶һſ˼Ҳţǻˣǲŵġ
鵣󿿽ֱӰһƣһзסɴ۾ų顣
˶Ǳ˺ˣҸι˽ҩˣȥҵķϢ˵
⻰һԵͻȻ̧ͷԲ۾ų顣
ֵֹģüôˣ
һʱ䲻֪ðڳʲô飬㣿ҩΣ
üҪȻأ̫ҽǲ˾֪Ӱ죬Щ
оԼƵģȻĲ֪˵ʲô
İ˷ط䣬Ҳˣ㲻ԼôģŪԼȫ̫Ť費ʺԼǷſĺЩ
һߣһ˵Ž顣ԽԽ𾪣û뵽·ת
ȵȣȻ׹֮ˣǡϵͳڸˣå
ҵҵٷְ
ᣬҲֹֻ۵룬ôع;ˣоȡ
ķ䣬ҲˣڽİţĻӵ飬֪һЩģķչҲһ亹
һе㲻ģҳȥٿɣڹѾˡ
ԭӦһֱףΪʱģһҲеȥˡ
һ𣿡ڵ
аɣﻹвܹǱտһ£ٳ¡
Ҳʾͬתͷոɫã϶ˮʱ۵ãϢһͻ
ֻܵͷӦ¡ҪߣĻǲģס˵ȥͱ;飬ʲô϶ΣգʲôģС
ԭһܹ̽ҵľ飬ԭУ׹֮˳ɣܹܱסÿվȥ̽ˣξҲǸԲӨľϢϢصġھƣᶼûᣬӨҲǰˣṩϢĺܹҲڻߣȻǽ̫ൢˣҰԾ˽⡣ܹ̽ҲǷҪɵ顣
ٸһĸ
ֻڶ׹֮£û̫¶ֻǵͷ
ΪԼֹξ飬ĲݵǻŰʱȥˣȴֻһ˻
˵ǷֿжʱɫֱӰˣҪȥˡ
Լڴͨһ˽ԡͰˮе
Ϲȥһų飬ͣɫϾܹ׷ңҵıӰӦûɣմʵ׷ٷۣҪˮܽһʱ䡣׷ˡ
ô󾪣ʼ룬Ǿ͵ϴ裬Ӧÿų
ﲻҵķ䣬׽֮ˣ֤׷ŹұҪʱû뿪֤
һʹ˻һԼȻһҧͷ
Ϊڵ龰ֱһģһ
׷ٷۣԡͰڳ֤
ԭУڱ׷ʱҩĲӨΪϴɣ˳ƴŲӨص䣬ԡͰ淢˹ϵ˲ӨҲܹܵĻɣϾʱӨжѾã巴ӦƾǸ˺ܳһʱĸоܹôҲܻɵڻʹ͵֮һȥ̽顣
ڡӨҩڸڣͬ
ѹ֮ǰһֱûʾʧܣѲΪûߵһ
ͻȻ⴫ֱӵȥȡʱ䣬ǸϽ취
˵ͳ˳ȥǴſȴֻܹܵһЩ̫ܹ࣬ܲڣѵʱܹƹţֱȥ׷ԼɵĶˡ
ʱҲݶϵ춯߹ȴûͣȻȥķˣķ˿ֻлԵĲӨ
ܹһ鿴
ɫ˼䣬ͻȻһֱܰתͷȥʱ򣬶ʱǡ
Ȼվ
Ϊ뵽ˣòӨʱĿһ̧ܵҪ
һȴץסֱֱۣϽԡͰС
һգûзӦ
ͻȻ;ͱסһϷ𽥴ĶһߴյĶߵ磬Բס᲻ʲôҪҡ
ʲʲô˼뵽İ취ˣҽǡ
ͻȻϰ·ͱ䡣𾪣ͿҲͬԼ£˴󲿷嶼ˮУžͺԡƵġ
ûеƻľңֻ΢Ĺ͸磬Գ˵ɫӫ⣬κνǶȵĿӶ
ϵƬһŲ鿴𾪵ֱӽת˹ѹԡͰ֮ϣֻ¶˹ı
ſŵģ˿ı顣
ԻӦ͸оһְֻļϣһֻֻҰסһ㣬ܶ
ͻȻˮеһײˮʼͣĻ졣һһ£нࡣ
ʶʲô֮ѾüαײԡͰڣɫߺ죬ҪγѪƵģ඼ҪˡݵıҲջ·ĥ䡣
ڻصų鼱ٶҵĴôƵģ䶼ˣݵĻں档
硭𣿡ѹĳָͬһڶը
ʵ
Ϊ߼˵ıá
Ϊ˶ܹܵĻɣϱľ飬һȴֻ뵽
ΪһˣڱһˡȻֻǶ·󲿷ҲײʵֻˮαװˣҲܲԾϾ忿̫ˡΪʲôǱѹǸ˵Ƿ𣿺ðɣ㷴Ҳݲ
ŵֻܴԷĻ²תܸ߳УԱյҪԳĶǻ¶ĵطߺˣоڴ굴ǧƵģֻԱĽס
ǰ˹Ż⣬ߵ磬һܿɡ
ôҪҳʲôֲᣡ
ʱһʹɿƵƺһеֱˣ忪ʼԾ
ԸˣϷĳҲɵˣ
ԭʮһǲСײļʾͲˡҲˡ
˫֮еͫ𽥵ɴ󣬲ŵĸоԽԽĲɵĺ˶°һ̼ܣ侲ιеģеģðɣҲûʸ˵ɶ
ûߣǲ̫šͻȻƵٶ𣬰ˮԸоԼĿԼԶȥֻ¶̿㡣
ܾͷƤˣԺѡһƷֱԣȫ֣ϡˣˣұһȭ
ǲþѾת˹Գ鿡ݵһ˲䣬ʹסˣǰ΢΢źϵ촽ϵıͺڳղƵģҵֻ˵ֱǱĵϡ
ӵס޳һȱŹֱϣơˮ
ϷĻﻹڼ
粻ˣζѣȾ͹סˣԣǱ˵Ҫģȴһ˶
߳ܵĶҪˣŵݼˣĿˣ
硭˵˵Ҫô
˵ͼʣƺҪϷƵģѾֲϷĳ˹ˣѹסеܸ߳УſʱҲߵ˿ǻ
ᡭ㣬顣
ĹıײеˣϷҪô
仰ʱı飬һ˲׺ݣͬһĶԼ֮ǰÿһǳֹѵõʶĻӦĻû̫ˣѾ˲Ͽܻڼӣֻȥ
ܹܿ˵ƺͳı鲻Ǹոտʼ۲һ󣬼ԽԽ񣬿϶ϷһҪƵ׺ӣԡͰˮƳ˴룬ųܹܵĻɣҲڲ˼ٿȥ뿪
뿪ûֹϷȥ
ĳֱȨı˽ףֱԼҲҪըˣ֪ˣҲ͸оˣҪȻ岻εͼˮ㡣
ſ磬ˡ
Ϊ߳ܵڽһȥҲӨˣԼŲҪôε顣
߳ɱˣǧٴˡ
ſŲֱۣһ˫Ҫ޳۾ײ˳
ûɿǹźᣬ磬ǶȥȻ⣬ͱЩ񣬸Ͻɣֵ֮以ﻥҲǿԵġ
һԻõʲôʲôƨĽڲأھ̫ãоûԣҪ뿪ýһ¡
һ룬ѪҺʼ֮ǰϷĺƵġѾȫûֻı˫ۣ˫ͼƿ飬Ǹû޷
˵ӳɹ棬ֻгʵĺ
һ󹦷֮ǰһףܹ߳ȣܲס˹ȥ
ƵĻϢЦסԵŰ˱˳


197 
ܹݶ󷽷ĴĲֱ߳
ǿס̫ԭأǼֻһ˳ܹǲ̫ѹڵĹصһ¶ˣȻôĲݡ
ܹ˵ūǷڻ˴̿ͣ˴Ϊ˸λ˵İΣżææĸڿǴŸλˣǻʹǿҪСĵ㣬ūûǣֳʲôǴﰡ
΢΢üĲشֻǱ鲻õĿܹܡ
ֻܹۻ๶֮£Цһӻ֣ʹˡ
ŸϽϴţܣʱ벻ʰ취Ҳ֪ôľܹܵĻɡ
ոǰ׼ŶʱͻȻ
Ϊǵķűϣûȫպϣⰲҹһʱͺ
ҲȻ׹ôƭܹܵģѹܹ˵ô֡
ܹܶˣôǲ֪ȫˣǡ
еĴϢһγһֵķΧˡȴлعתĶӡ
ΪӨǱߵδֻڳԺС
ãӨȴӷڳˣϱ龪ֲƺܵ˾ţ˲ǳǴһ
Өǵ֮ǰ飬˴һ˵Ž飬ͻȻ˵ԼȥǾ;мܿˣ׼ȥ͸оԼԾһв
Żˣ;Щ㱣Ҷයֻܵء
ֱ˳顣
ӨоԼƲƵģųİ˿ѾĴҹˣҲû־άڣ֪Ů֪Լ˿õĽãڿŵֻг飬ó˾ӣֵ游ϲȻ԰
û뵽һϢˣԺпɳܵţǶǳ飬Ҳǲı⣬ԳֻЩøаˣʧȥڡ
ȣֻо͸̲סֻס˳
ʱˣԼŷζûңҲûˣ֪ʲôֻܻųȴ
칫ӣôʲôطҡ
ŲӨҪſˣϽһСЩæԲڡ
ӨۣǿŲᣬҺû£Ҳû˷֣Өһͬʱָоޱ߳ܣΪòԼģԸһġ
ǳӺֹӡ
ţͻȻ·תͷһͼɢŰɵͷһԴһ·Ժ˳
ܹûˣ鿪ѯʡ
Ө㶣Ϊδĳ飬һĸоĻȣһζ˵˸ոձһƵġ
ллȡӨϽ
ضǲϵŮͬӦˡ롣
Ө˼УоΪ֮ǰΣޱ־Ƶġ
ܹΣʵ
Өһ뵽£ľһĸо̲סͿҲ֪ΣҡǱġ
Ǿ𣿡
ӨȵĿų飬漴ͷ
ΪȣϸѯʣӨҲ֪ΪʲôýͻȻ
鿴ڲϵϰһ飬֪ȻǴǱߵ֪ģڿӨ鷳֮뵽ģֻо͵顣
Өɫףô˺ݶֲ롭
ϸ𣿡ü
²ܣҲ˵Ĵ¶ֻһС¶Ҫǣû֤֤һܹҲᴫȥʱòʧ¶ܹľӴ˱ܿǲʹǣ뿪ǡ鵭
˵ǷֱùܣѵһҲǿˣھ𣬾ƾǵļƻҲ׷ŹˣҲҪ鶯֣˻̲ס֡
ӨҲһԸ񣬸Ը⵱һûз
ڽӨϢͲˣȥŮӵĵطǲܻ֮ǰĵطˡ
ȥԽǱߣǱһСޣǱҹһҲ˵ùȥ
ͷʾͬ͸ͲӨȥ
ӨȻúƤҪۿҪˣӨ֪֪Լ飬游һὫߣ뿪ԺͲ֪ʱټһֵŮӣ߳ȥĲĵļڻ̿𲽵ıͻȻͣס˽ŲźתȥӣԵһʱСŮл˵
ƺʲôһкȴˡ
鵭ĿŲӨܹﻹʲô⣿
ӨҪڣͻȻˣղܹϵʲôӣף
ӨһΣֻȻش޺˪ҵףϲ
ŶһãһʮϲҾѰףԺԵ˵ǵЦͬʢš
ӨɫһӾͱˣǿЦӸֹӸãֱˡ
ֵЩΣӣеκע˶Եġ
·ҪʣӨѾ֪˴𰸣˲ˣ̧ͷһۣй¶Լ㺣ǲˡ
֧񣺸ԲӨʧܣ۳100㣬˻185
ȻӴϾѣ
˰죬˼飬հ׵ĴͻȻٶ˵Ļ档Ϊ̫߳ԣ˶ɵˡ
ԵĴϢʪˣҵˮĶ߳ƣǼٵģαװģΪƭ˵ġ
֮󡭡֮󡭡ܵĵͷѾµ£ͷҲɣ·ʲô鶼ûзһֻڴ˯һ
ǡǣϵĴδ·ܸܵЮסһһȶȡ
ǵó֣ϸ޳ģȴĳһ̱þ޴ǿƣܰһС
Ҳǵó鼸ߵĺŵҲŻҡ
һ̣׹ʱʵ΢΢ۣһĻ
Ƥɫӵȶȵİ׷ɫĺڷʪͬīɫɢżмǰˮξͻ˳Ż¡ϱļԵ޳Ĳ͹ԣԸеĺ¹ŲͣԺɶɷ·εײ顣
µ͸ɫˣ˫ʯһҹͬǺŹâӣգۼ䣬ӹסһий٣ࡢռУ˵η塣
ǳ΢΢ſڣ¶ɭ׵ʱ򣬺һͻҧסӡ
ƺǽźš
Ҷ룬ԣֱ߳ܵ˹ȥ
һӦǶ˶壬һŵĵطǲĸо
ʲôû֮󣬲һ
ǵԼӦԼոɶ֮߳ܵĲУʲôôܡſƴײͷźʧɣҵӡ
ͻȻſڴŲҲ֮˲һˣͬܵ˾ŵСһֱӸԼȫס
ĶȻûж۾
ͻȻŲͣסһǳЦ
ѹ˲оԼΪ̫ˣ֪ȵʱͻȻŲĹһ룬ԼͬӾͱסˡ
һ£Ǿˣŵˡ
ǡʲô˼
磬ںû뵽̻֮ػôɰŪĳĶˡ
ס˵ģӣһ۾Ϳ·ɢͷڴЦſĳ顣
㡭㴩·ʲôԴɡ
ˣܹҷ䣬ܲʪȥ·ɣֻȴˡ
ҧҧԼʵ̫ˣӦҪǸŶԡ
㡭֮ǰʲôҪƭܹܣ֮󡭡㵽ڸǶеģ㡭оԼѾ״ˡ
о֣ô
ѵǡԼѹλòһԲˣ
粻ϲ𣿡鷴ʵ
⡭˵Ͻ㲻ϲòǡòǡ
΢΢˸ҵ˼ǼȻܽ˵ģͲöԽôܡǲڷǳµĻһ¶ѣˣѵ粻Ļ
֮仹ͣڣһֱסԺ֪ʲôǳµĻɶ˵Ŵ˲ɻ䣿òԡ
ĵĿܵ飬ЩˬǱзӦģҶûйֱֽҪͷǣӰңô練ˣ
һιȥǺҪʲôȴ֪ôڡ
ѵҪ˵ȸои𣿵ʱſŵģҲû˵Լ
ʱѾǲˡѵڳ֪˷ӦȻ󷴹Ӱ⡭ڳǶ䣬ǰһʱйӼԳƵġ
ɵĴԼӣôôûϢ
ǡҲܡôǿԸԼģö𣿡ס߳ܣһɳ嶯ƵģҪһ
ͻȻεĿ˿ȣ漴Щɥĵͷˣ˵ʵʵһʼϷܹܿǺ̫û飬Ʋסһʱ˲ŻᡭֻԼʹ죬ҵһʱһƬհףҲûжģֻоôôҲоʮΣԸոڹҪ赭дҹԲ𣬱磬ǸоðˣʹҰɡ
ͻȻ̹ϵĳ˲·ǡ˵񡭡ûʲô׷ģϾ嶯ͷ˭ܱ֤Լֵľٶء
˵̧꣬ͷʱѾβڵ飬磬ˣҵĴû飬û뵽ԭ𣿡
ųƺ۽Ƕʪ˵ĳ飬Ǻ޵ֿ˰졣
ķʡԼԼε飬ֲԸģֱУû飬飬ֻƾԼҲ˾͸õûô׷Ρˣով͸÷ӦŶԡұ̹ĳ飬Լܲ˼ǸԺпַӦ̫֪ˡ
ȿȣ˵ĶԣһѣǣǺǺǣûû¡
¶οмı飬ϵ˵лл硣磬е㵣㡣
Ӧ
㡭һξεǲƽʱ̫ˣҪʶͷŲŶԡػʵǲһ˲ܾˣҪæ
ˣ֪⻰ʲô˼϶Ƶģҡͷûһжá
鵭һЦٶʣͿʼ˵£תעȻȷϵżĸҲҲлϲġ
ܲµӦڻǲǶˡͼ̽ȴֹŵϧѣİǰȻҪİֻƫִҪѡ
üӿŲһУȷȫԼҪˡ
£˼ȴǷңͻȻ뵽Ϊʲôͷβ鶼ôЩƶַǵһΣֵĸоûô͵ģξгֵһ
ҲͨˣҲԣĵȻ츳ʦͨ⡣εһֶ龹Ȼһѵ»ﻥҪ˯һʱˡ



198 
˵ľǽ̽顣
֮ǰûã˺ܹܡ
һߣȻ󵥶˺ܹһ档
ܹܸϢǻʹʹǱߵˣھϹԱǳŽʥʱ䣬ΪԱҪҹܹѾԼ˹ȥæˡ
ܹʼռǵóõһǶܹܵĹʲôʱֵǱ룬ѰҰѱ
ܹΪô飬һʱܹܶȻزˣʱ֮ǰԽ˵ܹѾʼǵ飬ϣȥ̽һ£ȫ֮ǰĶ
ܹ֮ܵʿͬǰ
ܹܵϳ֮ǰȥĵطأ˽
ǳ黹Ǵ˳Ǳܹܵ鷿ھܡ
һ¿ҵ˲õĶ
ԭĹһεĴ̽ûᵽݣ֪ץסܹܵİѱ
ڳ˵׹
ԭ֮Ըܹ̲ܺԴ
ܹһֱ͵͵̲ԱףöҩѱͿƣȥͫйء
ܹ飬ǴƫִĽǶ˵ܹǸ鲻ˡ
ܹԭ̫ˣŻϻ죬ģʵһֱԼ
һֱŻڱ߾ѰҵҴߣ߾йԱнǮףı߾ԱСľٶĿʲôˡ
ֻϧһ飬ܹĵˮ©ûҲû֤ݣҲֻǴϸĩϸв͸ģ޷һֻȴӱ֣̲¼
Ը̲ǣܹܣܹܽͲ壬ʧȥΣȻְ
ҲԭУơ
ܹܻͦģǲǲԼĶˣߡҪ֪飿
ЦһҪҵҴߴǴһʬͿܻŵϣɣ֪дܳ˸Ͼɱ
ݴǣǲܻǵз֮ĶԼĸҲԲ»ڡԾΪһʮܻӱ󵱼ܻݴǾ͡
Ŭ˰첻ù𣿡
İҲ֪ãյĿʵôܳҼơֱһΪᡣ
ĿһŵĿų顣
˲Ҫô߾ĹԱǮףͼ͸߾һ㹻֮Ӧûֱ߾ķʹܳıĹϵһսɱ⣬ҵ¿ܲҪı
ԭҲΪӾΪݴǱѣû뵽ǲģҪݴµ뷨վλϡ
񱾾ūǰֶξܿ޾ˣΨһķ˸Ӷˣȷûʲôȥһαʹŷӡ
ݴǵԪȼܳйأҪһһԸ
ֵôԪȼȻͲΪԹޣҪԴΪƣû϶ġ
ȻˣΪʲôԭôˣȴһֱԵûбֻǳܿܵĶˣ֮Ҳ
ΪԶվһսϣڻ֮󴦴ԷǺȤģ
ǿϧģҰȴû㹻ǰ·ϵ谭ԻûʲôɼͱˡȻˣԵģҲٸʮʮ˵ܰ쵽Ͼһ˼ᶨˣпܻΪһƾһ֮µĴ¹١
ͬʱڻʹһߣصԼ鷿пܻᱩ¶ΪĶȫջ٣κ֤ݡ
Ȼ֪ҹ˽ʲô±˶Ըİѱ
ŻԾĻ棬ջһеĸоοһ졭
ֱ̧ۣ󴦲Ƶ͸ݴǵƤڶͷϣĲѹŵૣСٵȵȣһһѺȫȥ㡣ʱ常ȥ㡣
ߣ˵ܹ֮ܵ˵˲Ө;顣
˲òࡣ˵꣬ƺпƵ˵ôһ䡣
ҲǣδޣǶôõŮӲܹԪȼ̫ˮ׼ǾȫŮͷ
ȴʲô鶼óΪڼ֮ͬ飬ƫִҪԼˣǶΪչ˵ĽãֻҪҲԥ֡
ûгɹԺ󻹻᲻ᡭǵ
׹֮ҹƶ׷Ź𣬶ӨǱߣѾ뿪ǡ
һ㶣ֱӡòӨߣ
ȻԭĲӨûʲô飬һֱھǵģȷϵ֮ʱʱȥǱϢƣѰһΰϢʱ⡣
ʲôأΪ˲ӨǷ̫ˡ۵
һٴûжϰߣ¶ǰҲӨ飬ҪȻĽͲˡ
ûаҾڷе㡭ˡ㶼𣿡ɫѾ൱ˣģոҲֻǻ˯һСѡ
΢΢һЦ̫ˣٹʱˣһ֣ˡ
˵ĵƣתߣҪ·أȵĺסȵȣ㲻ȥϢ𣿲Ө𣿡
һ㶣漴һЦ磬˵ʲôã̫ˡ
һʱ䲻⡣
룬ȥܹ̽鷿ʱʱæڼɱһǹһȷѾȫɣٻ𣿡һ˵ʱҲˣոǡ˲۵һ˯ôй򻻷أǱˣҪ𣿡
ᣬỳɵġ
ô֪鷴Сһûɡ
Ȼԭľûô֤
ͻȻ˱䣬˲ͳЦˣ绹Ϊ֮ǰΣûԭҰڵģһ˯ˣһʲô𣿡
ôᣬҸûй㣡Ͻ
磬ǳһ˯ʲôΪȵ𣿡
Ūˣ԰Ťë
̾һԾѵ·˴ʹн⣬Ϊǵİȫ룬Ҳίһ£պ󲻻ˡ
˵ֱ꣬ӱţȫڴıԵƺռһռ䣬Ƶġ
Ե޴Ŀ
ҡû˼оĵӿһ֮飬˵ˡ
ǳ鲢û˵ģֻǵͳ˯ɣˡ͵һΣպκ£Ҷٸͬˣ˰ɡ
ίĶ˲ͻˡ
ðɣ˼ҪʲôŮûУ㷢¼Ѿίˣ㻹һܺߵӷ˼ңǲ˼ҵİ
ʵҲԩǷֻǱܵġ£³Ϣͬ˯һŴʲôֵΡ˸ոͬ˯һŴβѵԼزϾ˼ҳ黹֪Ϊء
µûţó⸱ģĸˣԼ۸ƵĲá
룬飬һʼ黹ţһҲ˳ˡ
ǼʹתҲûпôҪȥ𣿡
ᣬϽܣˣðɣҵĴûбҸǸҷҶԽһ㶼⣬ҡһ˯ģ֤ãԲԣֻ´ȵûš
ɵͳڷƵġ
ģôܻʲôأ̫ˡ
䣬ͻȻϣѹϣһ˫ֱֱĶ˫ڼĵľ£ʵأҲỳ𣿡
ɲǼ䱻ŵģ˲صԡͰһ˵ϢĴˡ
סѸٷӦ²һ̽Ҫ׽鲻顣
һᣬֱֱ̧ס˳飬Ȼ𾪵ı顣
Ц˵У˵ˣʵϣǶ䣬㲻ǣ÷µ˲ռˡ
ݺܿ˫ۺЦͷļϣҲ㡣
ЦʵѾŤˣܿͷȥȻȻȥһͬߡ
һҲſˣҪ˯ŵʱ򣬾ֻ㱼俪ڵ磬Ժ󻹸˯
ʣҲ˵˯
ʲôʱ䣬ص㡭
ԣֻҪ룬Ҷ㣬һشĹ˰ɡ
ҪסĻ
úãסˣ˯ɡ˯ʱĶκ鶼ˡ
Цá
û뵽ôʱ򣬺ˣӦǳװ˺ˣ԰˯ˡ


199 
ڶһ˾ȥԽǱߣ˵ʹһҹķѾ䡣
ʹʹ޷׹޵Դð˼֮ǰźõָ֤ǣһʱпѱ磬ֻܱѺϹԱǰԴвȻµ顣ʵ˶֪Ѿˣ٣ʹʹӶһͷֻǻߵһֱûпڶôš
ǺǣΪ᲻ǻ߹˼ϣʵֻڵŹһﲢ޺·˰ˡԽ˵ò˵¶ʣϻƫ˺ݺݴúʹѹ˼ϻȨģҲƺƴĴӲֿȻϲʹʹӡ
ô˵⻹ǰ˻ˣ˵
ĳ˵ǰ·ϸǴһغϵġ
ϲϲԼȴֲ֡ĿҲǽ赶ɱˣ塣
ҪĽһģоͳ˳ƣϾϵĺģʽ
ֻǳһУ֪һеģϹֻΪ֮Ķ̵
ھ͵ȻˡԽ̾
ԽҲ֪˾ΪΪ𾪣ǱߴΪ뿪Ͼ̫࣬ǳ̻ʺǱߣвӨߣ˵ģֻʱߡ
ӨûҲһ͸Сһ뿪ˡ
ϣͳȥһ»ڹеĹȾȾǱεŵ˰ЩǱڵҹߡ
ͻȻǱķ䣬Ҫ󺰣˺ڰϤ
ˣˣ鷳ˣһҳЩһʵģҵʱô֪ҪָأȾʱҲû취񣬾Ͱָʾ˵ˡ
ʵϣֻҪЩ˻عһΪʲôȾ֪ǡҲء
ԳΪ˽ġ
ǣϿǵˣǳϵˣ֮ϵ㣬ҲԼ޻ȥֱӵ׹ϼʱãҵ֪֪ͨ㣬Ȼû⣬ԵЩʵʱֻҪǣ֪ͨ𣿡
ȾҲǴһӾ˳˼԰ʱң˵ѣΪϵˣȻˣαװϵĳҲ׷ʲȥˣҲֻΪҲҪݺϣԳûһ¹Ⱦд˺ˣûκɻɹ˹Ⱦˡ
Ҳͽˡ
ȾϽźڰеӰ£лһλˣҪ촦ˡ
£ķڷϽѯ֮ʲô
չأΪаɣϣ߻µʱдһ飬һ͸㣬㲻Լ׼ʱ䵽ˣϼɡ
Ⱦһ㶣ܳȷҲʲôϡ飬λͻȻҪе˼ˣǹȾӦ¡
飿ȾľͻȻ뵽ʲôͼ
ͷȻǲֶֽǿ԰ѹͼܽ⣬ͷֽǸĸ游ұˡ
и̾Ȼڵĳûиԭһֱ󵱵ͨȾ֡ȵȡ
֮ǱˣȾͲǸİȵ
һ׼ֻһһ챻ˡ鵭Ц
װˣһ
ţ־ֻᾭ˵֣ȾϣСʢܹܡ
˲ˡԣʱ֤ݻʢܹܵУ˶Ըʢܹܣ
ͷһڲ裬赭дľ˱˵ˣ˵ΪʱϹء
ʢܹܾǹڵܹ֮һר̻ϵģȻҲʲôö
ԭֻһСڻңϺܹܹܺܵϷݣ֮ǰܹܵĹؼ鶼ûУֻһ䣬Ϊ˷Լ˺ܹλŪġ
žı䶯˼Ҳű䶯ȻҲ˲ͬİ취ԸԼĵˣؼǣܰеһҲԴͷӱס
ȻգȾ͸˵ջʹڲΪ˻ϣҪչΪаӦ֮󣬹Ⱦͻص¥Ͼճ˵˵꣬ԷҲûлʲôˡ
֮󣬸õĴ鱻ȥ˹ȾУһ׼
պڻϿѹסϵʱһɱ֮Ļˣһķˣǻ׽
վڹڸǽ֮ԶԶĿ˽ɫĿ֮ݵӣƺڽлĶȥʱѾȫͬˣ·ĥ뻮һϲַŻָֻжԻľԳݺŷ̶̼飬ѱһ֧ոսӴĶ飬˾̾
Ļע⵽ǵߣͷ˳飬¶˹飬ֻ֮ǵͷʾ⡣
ֱҲͷŸ˸һľƵջߣǰ
ɵĿԵĳ飬Ҳ˾̾
ʱһڳѾ֤˺֤˳֮ϡ
һ۴սʽʼɵԽ˷ĻᣬһһĻѹʽ﹥ʮϹԱڡ
ֻⲻǳܿģľֻеԽͻ˫赣Ϣ
ʱ󣬳䶨
Ͼ˧ԭһʹе׹֮𣬱еݣؽ乬
Ϊײϣ̻ʺ̫ӣְλ˼¡
Źȥһµʱ䣬Ӿʹߴˤʹ
ڳԱıᣬɱɱûһλġ
˵֮ǰƵ˹Ԫʧأڵ϶ԾͲǲˡ
û̫л˼⣬Ҳǳ˳Ĵλãδʹϲˣڱ𴦣ϺҲֱϾ֮ǰϵƵʱҲᡣ
ⲻϣʹʹĽ֡
ڵ걳֮һϣ鲻ʴȸ´ϢĻᡣ
ĴϴҲˣһ岻ڣµĹԱְλߣѾµϳݴְλΪʹˣ㣬Գ˹ɵƽ˹񣬻֪ǺһɣֶԳ͢ҳϣǳ⡣
һ죬ϢԺеҲڲϵĸ¡
ڶ񼯣9Ԥ¶ɣ100㡿
ڶ񼯣10ɣ200㡿
ڶ񼯣11ɹϴɣ200㡿
ܼ685㣬ȣ70%
˳ɺܿģõĻֿ̣ôļֱǰðɣ۷ֿ۵ôͣӷȴӵô٣ػؼûˡǺϵͳ
ֻһСͱתעΪǰİʵò⣬ϾǸı˵δ
ɵ죬Īѻ۾ҪͳʹˣΪԽͻˣϴ䣬ڹн̫ҽԺõơһˣȻýܣҲֻĪѻۡ
ԭһ˻ӭĪѻ۵ĵĸԳſڽˡ
˾֣ȵ˵ģ˿ϵİ̺ۣǴӻСǱ˵˰̺۵ӶĪѻϧѣ޲õŮһչˡػ˺һӲתͷǹһԽȻֵԼĶӡ
ѻҾͽӻؼˣõģһüѻ۸ԼһסĿģڹںúˣ˵顣Цζʾʲô˶
Īѻ۶ˣβѣֻ̲סִԼϵİ̺ۣȻ
ԽĬһţһ
ȻҲóֱӵĸչȻģںһ𹲻ѹѵĪҺԽˣĸҲᵱԼŮһչˡ
⻰˵ıŤȫǻķ񣬲˼ĺ˺ĪѻҲ
Īѻϵĺɫȥ𽥵ȻεĿ˻һۣɵӣһȻֻǵûпϣԾ˸߲ҵĴĪѻ뿪ˡ
뿪ԱߵԽתߣϽϡ
𣿸ովôãЩӲʵ
û£һأǸϽȥɣ㲻ڹڵʱ򣬷˺ܶ顭Խֱӿʼ˵£ŪĻ䶼û˵ģֻһţһԽĲϿ
˰ŷֲԣͻȻסԽ
Խȵ
е㼱ֱ꣬ӰסԽһ־ͰԽһ顣ֻаĲ
ˣˣåǻʹԽֱҪƿ䣬ȴһץס
أû𣿡
ԽһȻĿŻ˵ǿ壬Ҹˡ
һ㶣һʱЩ޴룬㣬
֪ԽԼֻ͸һ˿ãȻ
ԽֱɵЦһûأԼıö˶˵ĶҸ´ܵʱŪҸ㱣ܣҲģҸ滵ˣ㲻£һǻأֱҿ̵ĺܡ
Խ岻ǶǴϵʵ
һñǴ̽Ļһ˲Ƥ̣֪˵ʲôʲôˡ
ΪȫԽ˼ˣԽԸʲô鶼ᱻκԽΪֻԼıĶѡ
Խıھܾǿ
뵽һܵľͿԽͻȻԱߴ˻ͷһֻԶǡ
Խƿ䣬Ρ
鵹һĵоԼҪˣǸǲҪǵģѲҪˡ
˸ոյ̬һְסԽļһץԽ컹Ǳģ˵ľ뼸Ҫһˣ˾оһ˿ܶҪһˣôôǿҪѲˣǻˡ


200 
֮ǰ˵ʱûʵУʵļ֮Ҳ޷ֵˣо鶼ˡ
ΪѲĴϣԽͻĻȻûмȥ˻˵ط
ͨ¼Խ˴󹦣õļƻ
Խ˶Ժ϶ְλɼ϶ġ
гϵ̾ᣬȥ˼Ҫڲ߽⡣Ҫ±ҪȴбȨã𽥹֣Բż
üʵǲ̵ʱҪʲô
ԽӻȻװԳ˴ⶼûȤçˡ
ç򣿡䲻ϲü
ŲΪʸ֮ģڵȥϵֻܲҪֵĶԱȨȤֻϲ̣УͲ㴥ǵ棬ȻҲöԸˡԽ
ȻȻԽǱߵ
ԺһɣҵȻɷӣȡջøȨԽ
ͷ˵ĲĿǰҪԸ̲
Ѿ֪ܹ̲ܺĹϵҲ֪Ը̲ǶԸܹܣ˶Դûκη
Ը̲İ취ѾˣֻҪץסͿԲӦ̲ܹܱ
Ҫʱ;ȥţȻǲ㣬붼ԺԽȴõѡ
ԽЦЦ򵥣ᣬڶԺˡ
ڱҲû¸ɣһǸһ𡣡
Խɲһüͷãʹû¸ɣҲҪӰɡҳ֮㲻еġ
һʱûӦʵѵǻбҪᣬҿ꣬ˣһ𡣡
ǱܵΪԽҪԸ顣
һֱĿţȴ÷ΧԽԽԾתͷʳб𣿡
ɨԽһֱۣӵû
䲻ĿԽԽĸ׵ĽˣҪĪһ˺ݼֳȻ󡭡
ɫ˱䣬漴ӲǰһӦһȥ
ԽֱӰڰֵҺæ
תͷһ졣
ЦˣֻһѣʱǵȻɰš
һڣԽĽڶʱסˡ
ȵ뿪ڴô£Ϊʲôֵֹģġϲ𣿡
һҳڣһͷֱײڡֱԵ
ƶǶǾеĺˣ᲻źž͡ǻһĪ𣿡
üԼˡ
ҲöûһأԽͻ谭࣬ôܱǸ˳鷳Ȼġ
һߣѾԽ˷䡣
Ȼ俪ڣԽֱóһУһ˲ʲô˼ˣ˫ֽӲıû˿Ҫִ㡣
Űͷ˵ܿҪˣﲻʡԽֱӵ
㶵֪ĺɣҴֻͳȥһΡ
ԲŸװˣ´αˡԽԾЦ
ɫ˲ѿԽֱ˹ȥֻǱסȴӵպһ֣۵øоӵࡣ
һ޵ݵܸ߳ȫû޲ʧ
ȻԽУԽٿתŻ˻ûкãȥϢãҲˣˡ
ܿ죬ʹ뿪ĽŲ
ԽǣȴЦˡС󣬴ûһôѣôȻеĿǡ
̽ǲϲ𣿿е㣬ǻԭϲŮӵģԽҲΪֹ䶼ûзĸʲôеʱϵ̫ãŶظ飬ϳϰ߾ͻʧ
ʧǴһ⿪ʼġ
ǶʱɵŻ¶֪˷ִһЩû飬ԽԼĸô£Ҳֻ֪ҪԼˣӦˣͻߡ
Խģһ죬䷢ֶǴģôͷ
Խ֪Լԣûеõҿͣһӵĺػߡһõˣζܷ֣ʱԸ˵ĸּı¶ڻϣƭ˺Ҳ׼뿪
Ըº֣ǸԼһҲǸһѡڱԼҲڱŻ䡣
ҲܿдˣԽңܼʱϣԼ˵ʱ򣬻Ͳ̫ʹࡣ
ţͻȻſڴһ죬ԽͷͿȥ·Ƶģû˹ˣȥš
һΣûֱˣǳƶѡ
εĳĬڷԽ˯ȥ¡
ҲԽ˯ŵ飬Ͻӵס
һ˲䣬临ܵͱԽϢɢˡ
ʵһһʹԽ˵ģǸ㲻ԽΪıܾǾԽȻҲԽģҲҪĳ嶯һֱΪ֮ĬģȻȻ𽥾ͻһˡ
Ҳһʱ嶯ľģҪ֤ԽöҪȻҪȻֻ
ȴ˻
ǲϲһֱ
̲סһţԽʧȥСһԺֹסţøжãǡԼô죿ĶѾˣ
ԽʱѾڴˣ䲻ڣ˺Ȼͬڻʹȴʲô鶼ûзһһ۸ˣһԾܻȴް취
Թʼˡ
ԽͻʱͳҲպûȥ
˼Ҿ͸оʮֲһԵˣȥ鷿ѯʡ
ҪʵȻǰϺ顣
գϺҪѺͳˣΪãϺҲѲڳĿ£ſຮ֮ص̷ǿǱסһδҲлͷŵģϺǰƲԭ
ոճʱ绹ΪᱻǣϺҵʱǷûбԺˣź֪ͶϾϵ顣
ȻԺ˶𣬵ȴܵӰ죬ҶΪĹϵǰ֪ĳЩϢԲײϵļʱ˦鷳ݾ˲ݡ
Ϊ˰Ϻ飬żŴȴ䳰ȷһʼͲ֪ͶϾϵ飬˲ί
㣬ſģʵǱͲãںЩѵˣǾܶǸ蹦̵²ɣľǱ˵Ŀ㿴ĸ嶼ˣҲܰϺۣá
ܣĲҡ
㣬˵ʲôҶֻ֪ܸ㣬ǶԱôࡣ
ʵҲ˵е̫Ȱ˵죬ȻѹҲĸ׺͵ܵΪѣֻܿڵո׶ҪˣһͰɡ
ЦЦȻ
ȥҲȥ
ڶ糿ſڣһ۾Ϳ˰ϺǱ̬·һҹ֮ʮƵġ
߻ּڿߣԹ۷ſյĿžǣ㾡ģµİϺû뵽ԼôСĻߵһ˼Ǵʲôʱʼģ
ǱߵȵٱϷ·ʱŸˡ
ֱٵĵطͣ£ͨһ¹ٱͨʱ䣬ûʲôøϺ˵ģȥһЩʳ·ТġϺ̧ͷģҪſڣͻȻĺݺһ˦
ϺˣȵҪǰס
ĴսŵİϺһûжԲס㣬ȴ˺ģϹ۲űƭгرŰɡ
Ϻ˲ͫһҪȴסȴѾֻĿĴһ˫Ů뿪Ѿʶʲôпʼʼ£ȴ޼¡
سǣڳſոͱϺּһʱûϳ
ȺУޱһ·ͷֻ鲼ᣬǿյģͣĻͷڿԺʱһĳ˹
ĸףĸף㣬磬ߣߡ
ȴû˿ͣޱϣֱʻ˳š
ޱ׷ȥȴſסѾ޷سڡ
ޱĺ·ԹۣȴʧҰС
ڵƺʲôҪ̽ͷȥȴת˻⡣
úޱũŮʧȥСĹ⻷ȡƸʹãʱżʶʲôӣȴһ˻ֻһ޷뿪ƶĵضΣҪؾĸ׸ԭ£ȴС߲ȥ
ϺĶ뿪ǲãɽ廬£ϺʬйԱֻϱ
ڽյϢʱòХŻˡ
һϣеˣ뿪һҹ
ڶһϻȻıѾ˵һУ֮ҾͿʼĻˣǼӦģҵ£ʾ£ɿڣ»ڡ
ЩǺˡ

ͬʱؼҵĻԽӵĶԴϾʡĵĺڿʼˡ
һԽϣҾʹĪѻסڻˣչŹ£̸Ҳ̲סǲǸĻйأԽ߶ſֵ̬ԽȤ䶼ҪˣʲôʱϱٵȵҲûϵСûû
ҪûĪѻۻϼһˣֳһЩպھˡ
䱾ԽһȥϾŮ·ô¡
Խֱһڣ˵˽зҪã뿪Ҫţû㣬ҲûˣǻҲǹִģֱӴ˻СãҲ˳ƽΪƽոսֹ񣬾Ҫˮ̣ûҪһˣǾͱУ˵ⰲŵʱ򣬻öû·ֱ˵ľԴġ
Թ鱧Թ黹ǾͰջ뷨ˡ
ԽԴҲûʲôʾֱӿʼ£ܿ죬ǵʱ޵ˣһȴηɱϢģȴ̲۷̣֮ϯʬǱڣͻ˽Ӧ
Խٵ飬ûô飬ȴѣ˱ʱһݣȴԽﲻ׷ٵǸȻ̲˿š
Ȼ̲Ҷʱ÷ηɱԶǻռȻٽܹܣѾİˣԽоܲǽ磬Щ˾Ҫߡ
ѵãܷŹǴʱԽֻһû취ֻԼţû书ٶȥΧˣ¡
ͬʱԺжһڶ񼯣13̲ϴ


201 
һʮȥˣڸľشҽо
ʲôأʦֲڣҲô겻ɣҿϻûа̺ۡľش˰ҩජʵƷסԺܸƵﷸ
ˣҿǾүô̺۰Ѿ˳ȥ˹ˣ𼱡ε˵̲꣬סУҲûл겻ᡣֻһĳˡ
ľشƱ磬һϣüˣֻЩź£ԹһǶҡ
Ҳ˵ˣ˭ľشÿθ»ñԺʵ飬һʼһϣеʱҩЧȻˣ˼ʴȣȻǿˣҾҸָĽѡ
ʦǰôҩģ
󲿷ֵʱǻ԰ȰѶԷŪӦ֢״ԡľشӦ
ǳ鴤Ǻˡ
ǰʦڵʱǳҩ书ǿӺãǸʡʦӦҲܺ˵岻ãܶҩˡϧľشСȻ֪ҪһЩ飬˵ӣǶ׽֮ˣ¶ģԭҲ֪ˡ
̫ӵ¸ҩоͻȻоԼҲʲôˡ
ҩǻǰģΪĪ
ԭûľشĪһֱǻݵ״̬ҽڣ֪ܲܰæóǲǷĪ
εĴأͻȻԺжһ񷢲ˡ
̲ô˵Խͻжˣô죿˵ȵһж
԰ڸھǣѵԽǱѾ׼ʼԸˣ
ԭжһεдʵƻĲࡣ
Խͻ׷ٵ˽׵мҲΣգ˻ˣ
֮ϳǰռһЩֱ֤ӽ̲λϵĶԱԭ𲽱ϼܿյ̲Ȩ̲ȻҲǸųġ
ϸһϸڣУܶ඼ǲˣΪǵд࣬е㵣ģϾûԽߡ
ԽôӦòðաȳʽչˡ
ŵʱͻȻԺ洫
ΪǳǻˣϾеʱûġ
ȥһȴԺе˾ȻŵĻ䡣
磿
أ伱ȵʵ
ȥˣȥҲ֪üôôͻˣʲô𣿡Źȥɡ
ȴиԽϵ𣿽ûмû˵Լʲô
ŻԲԾӣϽԼ֪˵һ¡
ʵֻ֮ǰ̲ηɱĴʱԽݹϢǣ̲Ľַ˵£ȻͼȥһĶˡ
ҲΪ֮ǰԽ˵зҪԽӵ˽⣬ܸоʲôһԼжһ·϶ʮֲ͵ֱӶԷ̡
ⶼˣԽȴڸУԽ˵ȥ˶Ժ֮ûһҪȥ֣˵һֻаµʱŻʲô˵Ϊʱ⡣
ȥ˶ԺҲûˡ𽥲ĻȻҳ顣
ôһ˵ʱҲˣôɣƫƫʱ򷢳ġ
ۿŻҪߣһȥң˶Ҳи
ȻֻܾϽҵԽԤв̫
ľشǺ鷳Ҫ뿪͵ҪҩߣԷһ
˵ҲǣϽľشҩƿӣѾϤˣľشҷҩƿϰ߻ץⶾĺ;Ķһץ˼ͼæȥ
ţҵǰĻ䡣
ϳ˼ͱ˼ֿҡ
ȴֱӵǲܳǱһˣ
ʱ¶⡣
ֻӲͷƤҽڵ֮ǰԽ˵Щ˿ܵĽ׾ھһҪĵص㣬ԽҪ飬пܳµĵطڣĵĲԽֱȥһȦûԽټʹʱ䣬ֱųΣգͲٵ𣿡
ʱȵĿ
еΣʵǷƵˣԭлԽ˽ֵĵطڡ
ҲĵԽΣգϾΪ˾飬˲˸ԭĲͬ·һΣգǾͲˡԸɴֱȥһҲ÷ġ
˵ɾ͸ɣֱӳڷɱȥ
ھһĲ̯ʱͻȻͣҲϽͣ£Ŀôˣ
ѪֱӿһԵĲ̯Ǳһӣ¹ֵܿĺۼҲܿᵽصѪζ
鿴䱾ܵİҲԽһжʱɵϰߡ
ܿǾͿκ͵ϵѪѪһ·ӵ̯ĻĵϣһɶСѡ
ɫ΢䣬Ȼɱʬֳ
ȥڱؾ֮·ͻȻֵɱʬô룬һӦڿʲô˱
ȿʱʶǻȴһ˲ɢ˿ֲϢ
ôˣʶ
ԺԽ¡ɫ˵꣬վûжı飬ֻⲻܿƵĲһ˫Ŀ׺ݵĹ鿴ܣҪԽȴҵԽ
ɫҲˣʱҲ˲ֱʬѰͻȻһƣֱ𺰵磬Խ𣿡
ʱĻѾṦһȦҲûжѪϽ鿴һ֮£õУġ
룬Ǹԭϣ᲻ǡ
磬ʲô飬Ҫ֣ǲǾͻƸȥϾ书ж϶Խ緽㣬ԽǲǡԽͬʱ֣Ӧͬʱɱֻһʬ壬ϻԽƣĿǰпܵľǷֿжԽӦûڡ
ڣ
ͬʱ뵽񱼡
ڵʱ˾ͷʼУϸΧÿһϾԽܾܿͲڸ
ܿͷ˻˵ĻݣΧȴԽټ
伱ˣãȻԼɵ˻ݵݶ鿴
ԹԵĵţƴĻ䣬ܲҵ취
ûһͻȻԺо˾в
ΣѾ൱ˣݾƵʣ֪Լжٻᡣ
Ŀ֮ûˣҲûʺϲĵطǶԷôϢģǸ֣ԼûˣСҪ
Ƶʵļӿ죬һվȻŻݵĵطȥһܻһ߸ߵĴ󺰾
˴ûԤϵĲһ£Ͻ׷ϡ
ﲢԶԻ伸˲ߣһӻ˴Ӻڰðɱ֡
ɱ书ͣЦͿʼ
ʱдҲˣлϳ˻䣬ʱ󾪺ߣɱڣ
˲˾ΧסǣҸǻ书ģ䱾ֱƴɱҲֻܱߴˣŻ˵ˣѶԸľҪɱɱ֡
ɱֳ죬űźɫͷͷһ룬ס˰Ĳȣ죬ȴΥϰߣԺԤһ
кü˵ȻҲΪϲĬ޷ٷְٵķ
ܿ죬Ϊ˻סֱ۾ͱˣû뵽ԷȻҲǴŶģһ˲ȻϽι˽ⶾҩǧһʱ򣬸ϲ
ֻǿðһˣԺоٶʱȴһԶͣ¡
ΪŴԻڷ£Ϳ˲䵹أӰ˹˲һ
˾Ȼһʮ󾪣תͷһȻԶɱӰ
ٴŭﶼǾţոԼʱǾڸˡ
ĻҲָϽս
ûԼ¶ˣսȦʱҲϵһѱסһҪѵ⣬ƺ˽ѵסˣʵô
û£ҾǷΣգźģܼʱϣһءϽȽͣȻ飬ˣ˵ҡ
˵֮󣬳ɫȻˣʱȷҲʬ壬ѾߣҲʶԲǲǸԽйϵڣ
ǲǵ֪Խ𣿡ɻ
֮˵⡣˵ͿսȦʵ޹˼ɵĳ֣׽ЩǺܿġ
ǵ鿴Ǹʱɫ΢䡣
˱һʮסץ˾ͿʼԽ䡣
һʼ뷴ȴֱӶֶϽţҲӲȥˣ޺ģǲ̲ĴְˣʿŲס̱ƹǿϧǣǾȻûмԽҲûмʲô
ϣһϣԸǲͬ
ǵĹ£ҲˣܹһֱŸǽӦˡ
Ȼ²ȴһֱЦذֱӵסĲӣȫʧȥ侲ıȴɱֿúܿġ
Ȼʣɱֱӵ֪ҪҵˣһƯ𣿷ģûɱҶƯﶼʴȡ
⻰Ҳû˿ɣ˾ͺɽ챬״̬
ҰúñˣҲ㣬ֻһ֪ɱЦţӸһӱ̬
ŭͼ̱ƹҲ֪˸
ֱǰס䣬˷ʱ䣬ϸɱһۣһʵǡ硣
˲¶ϲı飬ʶңҶܾûгˣȻ֪Ҵ
һʳʱһʮˣ˻ζһ£ϵѪɫ˲ȥ걻˳ȡһƵġ
硭ѪԨɱ֡
ɱַ
֮ǰǸǱĿʱֱġ
Խأ
ոյ˼ǡ
ͻȻסɱֵĲӣ˫Ѿó죬ɱй·ΧĿƵģÿһ鼡ⶼʹĲš
ң
ɱּܺȴЦʧܣҲȥˣ׷ˣҲνƯΪᡣ
о౻˺ݺͱһʹĲܺʧȥһʵ㵽װ˲صȥˣ˵
ԽˣˡҪ


202 
䲻Ľ֣Ѿ޷˼˵ֱΪϵѪһƬǽѪ书ǿڣѾ߻ħףһʮϽס䡣
侲أһ󺰡
ʮҲϽԶԶԣһа취
һ𣬷·ץס˾һ㣬תͷ飬ʪ˫д۵ϣ̫ӵٶ漣
ֱӵһʮȥʹһʮ˵ܣϾӾԽͻϤǵжҽ鱾ģôԸ֪ˣ˵ͲǶء
һȴڵ˵ֻҪԽ͸Ԫȼ䡣
˻һһʮˣ䶼ˡ
һԤڣ͵ûʱˣȥôһ˸Ҳֱ˵ģԽ϶ˣڹײлһʱĻᣬ˵ĻڹײĵĿԸһЩҲͻϣ
ʮһҪжͻȻ˹һǰֱﵹҩƿ
˾ȣΪҲҪв硣
ҲЦˣСΪҳԶҩܡܡ
ͻȻЦˣ鶼ù
ҵԽҧ
羹ȻֱĿ漴ͷ˾㵵飬ϵӣ֮羹Ȼͬܵһ㣬ٵĳɽ·ȥ
ϡ
һʮĿɿڴĿ鵹ѸٷӦǰľش㣿
ոմһڴӲĵͷ
˵ԭϲû𣿡ü
Ҳ֪ҩЧֻϣðɡŵʵľش㣬һٻֶһ裬ΪһٻϵҩһȽԸող˷һʱ䣬֮ǰʱҲտһ´ľشǱõҩƿкüǿŵģϴҩƿһǿơ
Ҳûж˵ܿ죬ڵɽϣָͣһƽ̹ĵ档
ȥõڣ˵ˣֻܲͣ˫ȥڡ
һʮҲϽæȥǿѾûλˣֻĬĬǹײģһҪпĹײġ
ܿ־ײһľ巢˵һ·ûסϣڡ࿪ʼ
һҲ˶
ԽԽֱѾѪ˫ץס˹ײĸȻһơ
¶һ˲䣬ˡ
ŵԽһЩҳûκˡ
Ȼ֣ȴһ˲ͣסͻȻҴˣ£µֶڲһһ
ڴʱԽֱַԽĲ¡
˶ĬĵȴϢȴʧ˻һɵɵĿԽ
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ҲһоЩƣߵĿ顣
ˣοһЦ§סǣҵĸǡ
ҡҡͷֲֻɵˡ
һʮҲۣҲЦ⡣
Ͼڹײд˺ܾã˵Ļʲô⣬ָҩû
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ʵҲûɶ飬촽˲䣬·ԼܸӰһЩƵġ
ܿԽ˹ֱӱ緢ֲҴεģ֪ԼбľһͿ䣬ΪԼֻǱܣȻٴαҵѡ
ϵ飬ԽоﲻԾоԼʲô
ﲻԾɱԽڵϡ
Խҡҡͷû뵽ô飬ˣأ
ȥˣˡ
Уպãҹ빬ҹζࡣԽû̫Լľ¶ֱź顣һ˼״֮ǵЦûôˣոն¼Ʋ߾ˣǾ
ȴˣ㡭Ժûߣκðյ顣
⣬ұûðգֲûӡ
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ˣǵ񣬸Ͻȥ¡Խ˵žҪһֱ䱧ţҲڡ
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ԣʵѾǽˣ̲ˣµɱ֣֤ȷ䡣
ԽҪǰ˵ȴִҿЩ̫ԣҲûж룬ӦǷԼ񣬶ɡ
ûˣлҡԽ˵žͷǻǵС
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Ժܿ죬һ˾ͻص˳УԽͻ˺ʬһص˶Ժҹȥ˻ʹ
ҹ˾ǰ˯֮ʱ˹ٱĽŲһһ̲ԱĴš
У֪Ժҹ;ЩΪƽʱʱһ̣ûãϴ
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һ߳Ҳص˸Уȥҩʱ򣬳黹ǿľشһ£ľشȻһã
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ҿҩƿоֱˣǺõľУľشооϽװһ֪ӣҺơ
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̲Աȫ£͵ʥּˣ̲Ȼѵһ٣ʵܿľǻϣǻԼˣһҲǣѸߵ̲飬ֻǷٺ»ˣ̲ҪһȺԱ
֮Ҫ̲ܿ飬ȫΪһһҵ̲̫Ԫȼ̬֮ģɣƺҲֻܱҪͶϣԻһֱģϳֻҪûȷı̬ͷΪöֻܿգЩ̲ҲùҹֻżѾ۾ۻᣬ˵˵Ļ˵˵ĳ͢жʧԵжź
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̲ǰѻˣϾԼµȻӰ첻˳͢ȴȫǱŻϽеĹٻ¹ᣬǻʮּɻġ
ԺݺݶԸ̲֮󣬾תֶԸ񡣻϶ǳ
ȻͻҲǶҳϣҩЧָʹʱ򣬾ֱòĶҩԼֻһɱ£ȴ޷֤ߣֻҪϣ˵ɱԼ̲׵ģ̲Ҳ޷ǣΪû֤ݡ
ǻǲúŪģȻʾڸѪԨɱ֣ǻȴ̫ţҹٻ¹ΪҲģûи㱨˽Ϊ
Լʹû̲ԱôҵĴϵĺְܶʢܹܺͺܹܷʳܹҲ˴죬ֻһЩڵĴֻĹȨλνһǧٶȡ
ϺأûеѪԨ󣬱ϾʱҲûα棬ҲǵͻȻҧһڣ㲻ҲۣԾ͸ɴ
ʱʵֻ˽ԼҪġҪ뱳ѣͿԶ֣ܵȵڡ
֪ҪĲԪƾͻΪԼж϶޵ˡ
֮һ£ԪˣѾһеСǱϻ˿·磬˰֮Ծֱͦߡ
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ֱ񱻻ÿѪʱԽŽס˻䣬ˣҪˡ
ǲɱֻǲڻʹɱˡ
źݺ˦ΪݴǶеһ˿˿ϧ֮鶼ûˡ
Խû£վڡ
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ü𳰷Цݣǿٶ취ǵĲʹܻ
䱩ŭǰȴԽס
ˣҲˣˣϻ߰ɡ
Խֱ߻䣬仹ǻͷĶ񾯸档
ȴЦ˵뵽ֶΣգʲôʱָûˣ԰䣬ôںԽǾͺúõߣһ뿪ʱڣûһ
㣡овȴԾɱԽקˡ
ЦţȴȻ
ĲݣȳǴĵ
ԾɱԺת
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ɫ˲Խ£ҪĪѻۣһпֲ鶼ֻᷢҪһ뵽һκѡʱʧһ㣬ǰ˾ͲˣͺµѰ
ͻȻĿһƹˤȼһеĳ嶯ЩϵʱѾȷˡ
ԽϰԵ²׵ʱ򣬻һվֱӱƽԽλá
ԽҲ»䣬ֻЩˣԽܵվ̧־Ҫ»ͷö˶˵ķʲô衣
һֱ۾ͱץס
Խ˵ӴҪĽడ
ԽǶԿһһÿڡ
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Խɵˣһθһ׳һɴ˫ۣԶͣתˣճյӦͱ롣
ڽǣ

ʲô˼
ʲô
ԽӦҪˣȴֲ֡
ǣ͸һдҧģ·ҪƵġ
ԽһһĻ·ʲô𰸽ǰȴԾΪϲŹȵҽ
ͻȻſڴҵĿ
ԽһȻƿ䣬תͷȥ
ðɣߺװǵ⡣
ĳ飬ɵ𾪵誣þʵΧֳƺиҪ߽Ժӡ


203 
Ƥһ£ԽͻոյĳҪΧˡ
ǵİ½½ԽͻкȻȥԼԺӣߵʱϵı鶼հˡ
˵ԽϤľ󣬴˿һֻɫ޴С
һֱΪǺֵܺôǰ˵Խ÷򣬶˶ϲŮӵģԽŮӵЦַ
ոȴڴ֮֮ͥ£ʵе㳬ĳˡ
Ϊ֪ˣڵȻֱӿڵǡһˣ
ǿӦ˵Խ״̬⣬ϤСôһʣʱոյ֣һλŲ·ķ񶨵ǡ
ǻȴͬʱشǡ
Խ㵵ĿŻ䣬ҲϵתͷԽٴμᶨǡ
ԽһʱȻˣô㶵ĿŻ䡣
Ҳֻܽ͵ǡͦá
ͷƺĻһףˡ
ȴûע⵽ͻȻ뵽ʲô΢䣬ȴʱûпڵα顣
Խȴע⵽ˣɫҲ漴һ£·ĭû߾ͱˡ
ΪıԽ֮ǰ顣
Īѻ뿪󣬻Ѿ˺һЩʾоͰԽҺκ
Ҳ˵ˣ˴ڻĪѻۻ֮󣬰һϯʽ˶׵鰲ϡϾĪѻһŮסһУһֱסȥİҲǴ֪ġ
󻹸˵ȥѯʹԽҪҪǰ׼񣬱ϾǺȻҪһЩ
ȴһĻ˵ˣӦԽɫҲѸٳ
εˣ˵˴󹦣ϲϲһҪˡ
Ⱦףһ¡֮ǰԽõĽڰϡ
ԽͻѾõ˻ϵƣκʱʹŪҲֱסڻʹУǷ㡣
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ǻУԺȶˣ֪Լȶ෽˵ҲͷſӺˣԼˣԾĻصϢ
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Խͻ俴ϣҲΣգҲ֮Уѡ˾ȣԽͻӶݣǰǳ׷棬ڸоЧҡ
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ǣԭУԽҲĿŻȢӣԼ¶ˡȻԽûлôȵҪڽӴļ̳˱ȻҲǱŵģѹѡԹһѡ
ƾǵĸֻҪԽ̬ȣһŬԽԼֵܵģԽûԭҲûκ˿䵽֪ԼķСϲԼ˵ԽԻĸ̫Լٲάĳ̶ȡ
߶߶˵꣬Ѿĸ첲˯ˣΣôоǾһ˯ŪϰΪȻ֮ˡ
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ԽЦһȻǰһױƽϾȻѹס˻䡣
˵û㣬һֱСԽˣȻҲúŻĴָĥŻ촽ѻ䶼Ūһ¡
һ˲䣬ͻȻԽжԭʼոֻϷʺͲ棬ںޱųһ㣬óࡢռ߿һӾû
ԭԽһ˷ִ磬Ϊʲôǰû֣˵ΪԽص̫ãδ
ԽͻȻʧҪסԽ
ԽȴڵĶ˺֮飿ƾһʱ嶯ľͶΣյĿ־壬Խϰ
ɫһڸ˵⣬Ҳ𣿡
ѹû˼ɣ뵽ʲôʲôԼ򵥡Խɿ䣬Ҫ͵䣬ʮ죬ʮ뷨䣬Ǿһ𡣡
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ڶһ磬ͷԽѾ뿪Ļؼңҵûѵ飬Ͼһ˴󹦣Ҿù٣ǱҲ˻ԲõʲôٹգǾͻؾԻ˾ʱøһˡ
ŻҾȻѾʼ׼¶ˣͻȻԽʲô˼ʱЩŭҲ֪ŭԼĴŭԽ̬ȡ
ҲȢĪ˵ʹȥԽ
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ڱڵûˣ˳ǰ
εѻڻ׼ѵ飬Ƕӵˣ˵ͨϯǴжףǴֱӸѼϼܣϾĳϣҪܾѡ
û뵽Լܾˣĸ׻ִˣȻûаһ¶ֻתͷˡ
û뵽ԼҪ½鷳ѾǻΪۣһʥּܽ⵱ˣڡ
ճҲֻܸˣǳ鴤üͷֱ壬ȴ˫۳ݵĿų顣
֮ƺ뵽ʲôһ˵
о֣͸ȥǵһʱ˶ɵˣʱ󣬻·˼Ƶ뿪ȴǺ㱵Ļȥ
ѯʣһʾΣ˵û뵽侹Ȼ¶ľģʵˣĸԲԽ
ȻıΪе㲻Ҳǿֱյ˻룬빬μӻҵᡣǳջؼһˣȻ˳һص˵
³鲻ˣҪһʳ𰸣һֱӸ˴𰸣һҲһԾģ˵˻ҹ˳ŵ飬صļ飬ҩࡣ
ҲЩȣӾȵȻ͵͵ղЩ̲סúЦĴˣôį
μϯͬԽһóѣ֪ᷢʲôȻѰҺԽҲȫ̲״̬ȫûע⵽쳣
ܿϯʼ䶼ΧţûлкĪѻ۾ͻС֮䡣Īѻ۵ȫȻС˵ЦżҲ˵䣬ûκɬ֮⣬⵹˸оǲǻγĬˣ˵̸˵ˡ
ϲ⼸ջ䶼ˣҲ͸оˣĪѻǱ͸㹻İʾȻĪѻûɿڴӦҲûпھܾҲоˮɡ
סһʵʱϵ̫Ҫ˵˶ŵһ
ԽԶԶĿһУѹӿеľƱҪ飬ڵȴĴ𰸡ǽɹˣûˡ
ͻȻһվһӾʹ̫Ķ


204 
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͵Ŀһ˲伯ڻϣЩ죬Ͼһ£̫Լס
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Īǻ֮ŮһҲͶԵڴˣҴңĪΪףӴĪҵãҸĸ׵Ů
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ĸףϲֵһŮЦȴûжЦ⡣
ɫ˼䣬Ҫѵ֣ͼĪѾվϹϲЦݣĻ˸񣬡Ǽѻ۵ңѻˣо֮һƾѻ۶Ȼ鹡
ôĽӻû˿ȵĸоڳпͶҪ
Īѻ˲¶һʵĬ
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Ժֱӽд磬ҶãСá˵꿴˻СһۣСúҲ֪ЦĪѻ۵ֵ㣡
ˣŻĻ£˶Ųˮǰһ׾ӣ˷Ӧʱ䣬֪ǻ׼һȷ֮ǰˣ˼ҹȻҪð
ǰ̫ĸúȶòˡ
СӣƤˣڸʵ̫ûִģֻϱĽ飬û뵽ȴһ
ĸܲǻҺͶöɡԺҪˣҪҳǴҶ֪ҹⲻȢöԺô죿ֱӵ
С÷ĻҲ⻰òᣬʵҲ죬ҿĪҲԸģֻܶݺݵĵŻСʲôʱô໨˼ԸԼˣȻôãôలţǲԽСӸ⡣
ɫеǿϣվûⳡϯˡ
Ƕ˵ãû뵽󱻸Ѽϼܵȴ˻ˣϱûֳɣǶһŮ˿һ֣񣬸ùϲĹϲ
Ȳ֮󣬻˻۰Īѻ۵ģ˽ѯǲǱȵģĪѻȴЦҡͷ˵Լһֱû䵱翴ûб뷨
ʵ缸վ͸뷨˼ɣֱ̹ϲԽĪѻȻΪĳֲĽǱϾദû죬ԷԸ⣬Ϊ˰̵ҩôÿŶΪĳֶòҸأ˼գ̹ȻϻôһϷϾ˻ٴϵ뷨
һϣԽڷӦˣǵ֪֪顣
ԽĿڳϣûôӣơ
ֱЦǰܵø⣬Լ
˿ȣҲͦãõĪֳϣ֪òøԽ˵ϲˡ
ǻڣҿԽһֻۣȾơ
ϯȻĽ׷뿪
ΪӺæµҲûʱԽ˵һ仰Խͻظˡ
ҹԡ֮ԺдԽϤſڣſˡ
ŰųԺ̧ͷһʱͣס˽Ų
¹£һɫ򵥵ϵţɫһɫۣ±ˮݹһˮʵĸоûĿһ
ԽĿǱ߿ţɫ̫ƺڿֺڷ
ֱĸˣǶˣͰҸ˳Ҫüա
ҪסԽͷζ
ֱԽԼһֲûס
ԽתȥŻֱԼߣ°
һסǲ˯һŴԽ˰ֱǰȻо˱ƽһתײԽϽ͸ԽڴϵĻᡣ
ԽӸµĿŻ䣬һʵˣ
Ĳͷ£ѵҪʳԣ
Խ𽥱İǸոϴ裬·ĿɣһӻĽǶֱӾܿƬİ𪼡ӣС㣬ûڸƮ
ͻȻĶͷഥ俴ӵԽᴭϢ
һ룬Խһѹ˲ûоʲôղɵĺˡ
֪ǻʲô𣿻䣬һλᣬٲߣⱲӿɾ߲ˣҵֶ֪ģԶңҪԶס㣬߲ˡԽѹűΪ̼ĲУɳˣһ˫һľ˿ȴĵӳŻ˫
˫ҪƿԽȴ˵ſߣȴѵ˾ƿ
ɴֱӱԽһ˳ƴԽм䣬Űɿϻô࣬ǵҽҾ֤㿴
˵һ˿ΣǻǹϵùԽ򿪣˼򵥵Ļϴ·֮⣬һӡ
Ӵ򿪵˲䣬Խɫ˱䣬һСӣҩ࣬мʯġԽȻ֪ЩǸˡһİԽˣû뵽Щ׼ˣ¶ˡ
̧ۼ䣬Ѿʼ·ҵ֤˴˿̻Ľš
ᡭע㣬ҪǲͿСӣ𡭡ŪҡҪǡҪ˵ˣҲ£Ѫѣá͵˵֪꣬Լ˵ɶͨüˣô֪Ŷ԰ڻյӶˣһ˵߳ܵĻǱսɱлҪٱ
ƫƫԽλȻЦֱЦᶼЦˡ
·Ķסֱ߳ŭĺ
ԽȻѹ£˲ܵҪȴǿԼɿʴţһ˶Ӿôһɴõģ
ԽϣڵôģЩǸԼõģ
ԽȻ˵ţȴɵĹװֻ߷ɡûʲôԼİԸܷĶ¶
˿ȣܵһ˳ܣ岻ãôϲʩҲһ£ҪĿϷԽ֤ҵľģûɻʲôˡ
ԽĿ˸˻һۣ漴ǣȻ˵Ҫ׼ҵȷҪϡ
ߺߣ۾ȴѾ벻ԽˣԽÿţԭʼռ·ǻԭƵģһš
ȴɵЩţǿԽȥöʱ˲١
Ҫ˵ԽȴֱӵͷǵһԽûļµĲУҲĲУ·ⷽĬģһ룬ˣΪԽһһһֻ֡
ѾƺԽ⣬Խֹͣǣ̧ͷŻ䣬ˮ⣬ǰᣬܾ񣬲
ȴ߳ܵĲҶֵֻס۾ƽϢȴŽ鵽
ЩСߣԽӦûðɣԼֻҪУɣɡ˵һλۣԼ϶ǲµģֻ˲жˡ
ȶȿԽͷͲĲϣ𽥼صĺͬҩһԻŻ䡣
ҪըˣԽôô֪𣿻Ƕ²֡
ΪƵĲĪһţҪۣͻȻߴԽ䣬ҵˣҰ㡣
ɲǼ𣬺ڴ鵽˷衣伸ͷƤĸİĸоȫ㼯һ㣬ÿһͷˡ
ּµǻδйʶʲôȻ۾Խ
㡭
Խ˫ֳڻʵĸϣϴЦ⣬ȴ󷢰ף麹顣ֲԶмСͬմҩʯճĹԽһ̹ʹ
ŻпҪԽˣһ߻Ц𣿡
һһ䣬Ż鱻ϸĸо尾Ť·ܿһһ۵е𽥱ϵĹ̡
ʲôʱ֮飬˵ˣһֱҵĻ𣿡ԽɳƵɺԵ촽۾嶼õ˼ο塣
ˡһˣӵеĹϵԶˡ
ɵˣоѾȫİˣһֻҰޱڵţ˻ţҪϷԽϵÿһ飬оҪץˡҪסԽҪݺݵġûԸ£ΪԽʵϣʼФԽʱԺаԽ
оԼѣҪպһ㣬׺ݣڻ俸סˣʲôѲĵˣҪԷ£˫־ҪסԽͼΪȴԽǿץסѹߡ
׼
̱ܵĲϤſյĴ𽥻ָԽȻʱȴĲҶҶˣֻ۽ǱƵ𽥷죬ĥƵġ
ԽЦʤ뱧ң
伸ίĳš
ҵĻ𣿡
ʱ˵飬ǿţ˵ʲôҶ
ԽһԵСӣڻߣȻĶߣ飿
ҧܶ飬ǲˡ
Ҫһ
סҴܵķ˵
Ҫ㡭ԽЦٶȴ漴һƵڻ𣬡ԱеƣҲΣ㲻ͣ
Ȼһоµĵ߶ͬʱȼ궼ըˡ
ҰҲ޷һ˫۾ѾʧȥԣֻԭʼһУ޲ýǰһ븹Уݺݾ׽
һδƵĻͬҪսĽϣ׺ݣĿѪǸԴ궼ҵһͿˡ

£һҹڵſȼ
ͣԽҲԽ𴲣ֱŵӽԺӽˣȴүԼүڴ˵үƲȻûɣȴ֪ԼүҲҵģ¾ûһõĵطԼĽ䲻ΪܷΪ٣һֱԽ¿ӣûһһĻ㱡
֪Լôղܣ͸㿪ʼ
ͷһǣӣȥ̰ͳŵٶȸԽϡ
Խתѣ壬Щ񣬸תȴƺһͬǵĸоļ߲˵ŰףжȴײޱȡʱĶûˡ
𣿡
ɳƵ˵ĲС
˵Ĳβͣ
ѡ
ûע⡣ֱӷҶġ
Խ̧ͷ䣬ˮһ֮£ֱоˣָԽԽһ
֣һڴϡ
ˬʵЦã´֣Сӵˣ´ٻһ
ԽûһɫɷףͻȻһʱʧߣ˹ˣǲ˿ӸԼˣջǾ仰
ȴһֻޣܺõӵԽ૵һʥּô
ԽܣҪƿĳˣ⻰һʲôʥּ
ȻǴͻģڲУδҲҪһ𡣡
ԽžЦˣüǰʥּǸһǸ㣬˭޸˭أ

ڻʹڵĳԽٲϳϢһ졣
ǻϳÿ촺棬Դ𾪲ѣվˣ
ǲˬ˺ü죬ֿʼԼ뷨Դˡ
ƾʲôԽԣҪ̲ȥˡ


205 
֮Խͻ˵ദ˿û̫ĸı䣬ǳе飬ֻеʱԽѻµ˵ˣǵڶձȻǿԽġ
仹һЩϾСӿһ˲پֵ
ųŻʮֻ֣ܲϲε˵˵Щ˽صģ˳š𣿡
üһй̬пԡ
ʵʱʲôֻ뵽һͨˣǾ˳ţϾ˳֮ǰǸԭģȻҪ˽׼ܶʱʱ̿źӡ
δѣھҵĺԱ˵ʲôֻÿλؼң˳ŰʾµҩͲӿԸүԵʱһ䣺߿
ԽҲǶˣĪѻǱ޸յҩã̺۽䵭ˣһðյƽĪѻе뷨ֻ֮ǰڻĴڣ˼ҲҶ˼ϱһ˵׵飬ڶ˺񣬻еĪѻ۵ףסҲǽԴϲ
ܿ죬ڶ񼯣14ɻϴ
ȫƿصİе񲿣̲
ڳϣϣϡ
֮ǰ¼Ѿˣڵо֮ˮ̵̰īҲƽԽá̲ҲװбȨںܶ෽ҲӲϵĽ顣
Ѿȫܳƿء
ڻֻȫĸƿأԽѾڶԺĳЩְһһԡ
ڳƿصı
ֻʣһϵĻˣԭȵĴУϵãò˵һֻĹֻͣҪı˽ȻΥ
ССǲõģдϴ
ǰ͵ͬҵе⡣
֤ݣǾǴʼġ
誸һƿǷǳģֻһЩ˿޷õİѱ
ڳȻƻԸˣǴӳ͢гͨ϶ҲѱǾֻն߳ͻʮ鷳
Գ黹ǸϣҵǵİѱԸ
ԭУõ˱֤֤˽·ۣһ˻顣ǰɡǸ֤ʵǡ誱ƭ˸Ūġ
ھûˣ˵ڵΪģʽӴκŮӣ誵ĺҲΪ飬ϵͳһǿǾ͵ű۷ˡ
ֻСˣ˵Ѿʼϵڲì취ˣϾкüǻ˸ӵģΪ׹֮ĳɹʤһߡֻЩìڡ
ⷽﲻææ˳Ļ¡
˶׳׺ܿҲܵ͵Լ뷨Ҳί˭
չͼޣʵſڸ˼Ȧͽ˶
ϳʱо춼ʪˡ
㣬ˣױҪˡҲЩݣϾʵУȻѪԵֵܽãȴûиܹʲô飬ĴԽʵů
лл㡣
лʲô۾ЩʪЦ
ͻȻˣһ𡭡Һĸ׾Ͳôһ죬ǰϳ˿ຣɳƵ˵
΢΢һ㶣һ£ʵг飬ֳܷĸ׵⣬Ҳﵽǡ
ţͷһڲԶȺУǺЦĿ
ʱ޷һվ֮ף뵽ַСı˺ܶࡣ
ϲƺ꣬ڳϣ鵥ַߣʹ˿ñˣ·ѾϰΪˡ
Ŀ飬¹µĳڷ⣬Ϊ΢Ƥ͸ۣоǳһڣȻġ
ոճ˵ǣҸ
ţ֮ǰҲҵлˡ
лл㡭֪ģæǲᡭ
㲻˵ҲҵļңҰҵļ˻Ҫл𣿡
΢óϵϢԽԽˣԵ֣̲סҪսһᣬľֹе̬пƣǾνˣԼԿʧЧ˫̧̲סӲ滷ס飬ͷ˼Ҽϡ
ĽǶȸոպܿ𽥷Ķһź룬չŲһ֮У֪ΪʲôÿοССĺ붼оһɳ嶯
ʶͷñǼ˲䡣
ûʲôֻǵĻȲɵ
ճ˰
ոմȻµŮġ˵ԺȴɵƮǺµĳ飬ǲ޷κξɫŮܳ
Ҳ뵽ˣǻȲ䣬ȴЩεĳ磬ڰʾʲô𣿺úúãԺഩθ
Ūط䣬µʱǲֵİһ±
룬ȻܾǸոջʱһн㱨Ҳֻ֣ܺȻߺĴһڣ뿪
һȷشϢ
ڶһ磬۷׷ס
ոʱɵˡ
̫ԪǺ̫δ޾ײ͵飿
ô£ôƻȥˣ
Ͻȥҳ顣
ȴҪţȥةฮһˡ
ϣϽѯʵǲΪ飿
˵ˣȻıѾãͦ죬ô˾֪ˡ~Цһ
ϴε׹֮󣬾û¶棬ӨҲˣҶҪһˣôָԪǽһˣ
ԪǴʳ
ȲѣʵʱǱʶ;þӦǻˣĸ֣ܶҲûйע顣
̻ʺǱߡȻ
̻ʺȷҪɱΪΪȻ֮ϵİ³ɹˣʧΪ𣬾Ͷϵˣһͦ׵ģֻϧһ޴Ķӣ¾ͱԻת϶޹˽»ס˾𣬽ݲؽ
һԭҲѹ˹ذôᱻײƼģ
ϵıȻڳ͢˷ˣ滹ǿԶһģΪǾͷβƭǣƣȻԽޣȻ֪ԪǵĹϵȻҪóףԪҲһͷһ𱨸飬ԪǺ;δĻᣬԱĻײˣ׽顣
ȻӦĻ᣿һֱܹݵ𣿡޷
ԪǵײǳɣֻƫִҪõˣΪ˾Կ̻ʺȻʲôôãҲҪһԪ֤Լף˵ˣѾ޷άϸõĳ·ǰԪǣԪܵǻҲô籩¶ǲġû˻ܼܹݣûȨˡҲɲˡ
ѲɻѾּͻˣ
ϵ˿϶վڴͻһӣټеˣǼǴ͢Ҫˣ²ֶС
ЦȢɩԪԶһ۵ˡ
ü͵ûף㳤ɩûȢ
鲻ãϽЦȻȥةǱʲôǲǲֶ𣿡
ųȻΪ飬ҵ¸ҴϢ˽㼯ȥһ£Ʋˡ
ͫһ뵽˽ľ顣
ͬʱҲ˳˵ԤӦþһº󣬴ӳԻУҪ
ڶ񼯣15췴ƻ
ʵڻʹ乬ڼ䣬Ѿ˺üεİɱǻʹҲͣǿΣһλǳȣȻˣҪΪ黹ҪŲܴ̼ӡȻؽˣԾ֪Ϣ֪ĸΣգȻ̡
ϵҲֻС壬ϺͳϻڼѹҲ޷ڳ͢ϸǳ׸ˡֲϲһԮĻӣȥ˭λȫʬοԼĸס
Ѿûκ·ĴӲŻѡһУ⡭ҲǳԤõġ
ϾڸȦ˽ͱ鵽ҲڲܳҹҹôϾıƣϲ쵶նսҲص㣬ΪԤֻǴû뵽ôϡ
֪ӵƢԣ֪УҲֻߵһ̧ˤȻСĽҲֻѡһһˡ
Ŵ췴ĿȻôˣһΪ˱ȨΪˡʹ֪ĳЩࡣ
ԭУᰵаһ·򵽻ʵǰȻո
ԵӿʼԤʱ򣬳Ҳͽ׼׶ΡҲʱͣͣ
֮ǰӭ̫Ӵ飬һ˳ЦޱȵĴ顣


206 
ԭȾһֱֵǶ̫Ӽ겻ȻδĴڣܵ޹ǣûжδ䣬ֻĵǸлҳҲûת޸ˣıȻͱ۸Ƴ˵䷶
ڣһһӾȫˣˣԪҲǣɿ𣬲ʽϴˡ
ʱÿ춼иִţ·ϢսһоȻһ˵ҪƵԪȼϡ
˵ǵԪǺ;ãԪȼǺᵶᰮϱ֮ˣԪȼˣΪʲôǰԵأ
ȻնԪȼǱܵų⣬κ۵㶼ϿǵȢɩǸ޷ܵġڰտ͸һֱൽײŶԵ֮ǰʢޣƾʲôûи̫ӵһǣأ
ϣԷ޷ˡ
ҲĲִޱȣϾʽϲС
鵱죬ĻӰݸ߿ŵ񣬲ȵʱ̫ˣҲᰲվţΧİԣ̲סҲ
Ϊʲôɴɱѯʵ⼸ճ̻ʺڹƵƵҸо̶߳˰ɱҲΪ
ɱˣȻ˵Ϊ˴֮λɱ޹еĵˣ֮λҲˡ͵
Ҳ֪»жͬһԵҡͷ̾ƺҲյԪȼ
ĳ̼
ֻǶ֪Ǹ˾վȺ֮УĿһС
ȵʱ䳬ˣϢ˹
˵Χ۵ϰգòҶӭ׳ܣԪǵŭץϰգһڣŵʱ䡣
νǳżӳţˡ
ͬ찡νʾ
ٵһڿܴӹŽ
˵ǼԼ棬Ҳƺƴ
źԪЩ³ųϵľ³ӣһԭĵķչԪѾʼԹ޾ˡνϲҲ治̫£Ȼõ̫λãһοܱԭĻҪҡ
һŮȴƫƫѡߵ·
֮󣬾ȥϯ˸̣ⳡǽˡ
ӴԪҲȥĵ飬ĵֻʣӺĻӻڣҲల¡
ϾڵӿǴ⼫ˣܣԪǳţֻΪĻˣõϵĿ佱Ҳг衣Ѿлָλ֮ˡ
ٿĻӻһ֪ӣ÷Ҳѡâһжةָӡ
ӺڹڸӺ޼ˡ
üҪǰӵĳЩΪ誷ĺܲңһαֱײŪ誼ۡ
Ǳ뿪ҡͷ̾Ϣ鷴Ц˵ϵìԽԽˣѾ誷УȻû⻼ǡ
ڵɷչһֱæڳӵ˽㼯顣
ûȥӪȻӦûڱóϵĹԱж㡣оһǧʱ·ʱʱ֡
ͬʱһþΪ˸ӵжڻ
ò˵Ϊ췴ɹΪǲİ
˽¾ۼǧʹСĶע⣬ڹؽգûæڣ飬췴ƻضǰѲ
ûһȺѵ任λãԻǻҵѵʵڻǱ˶ѷֳ⻹˽ж
ٽ֮ʣةվĻ÷ڻʹԳգϾۣͳ鵹ǿȥԳ֡
Ϊ飬ةƵټ飬ԳҲ飬֪Ҫ췴ҪľԳǰ׼ǲҪϵĻɣȷڻǰУةڱȨϣԳõԽԽá
֪׼ײߣһȴҲͻһıȨ
Ϊε佫ԳǣԳǰĽ÷ȴ׷ϣһìܵˣΪĻƽ·ԸӣȴԻϲȻʱةȻҲԻϲĿǰ̬һµģܷѡ
ԳеıȨҪԳƻ
Գɴ췴ĵһĿľǱȨƻԳ֪һеµֿӵĽΪݵı棬ȻһӲ̣ǹؼ֮ʱûѵһǧʱ֧ԮӾЧϣǾͻͣǲѴ֮˵ڹʵһѹԳǣڻǰˢ³֮ǫĲҪ͡
취̫һԳǵĲȴ˵ỳɾУ趨ڸϢʱ֧Ԯܺ
Ҳܸõӡ۹ȻͻֵòֱȨ
Գͼʱ򣬻䶼ǹԹԵţԽһЩֱ飬ԴһսȻҲܴһսŻãյԳǴ򻵣ܿˡԪȼԼ˵ë֮󣬳սϼ޵С
ةԳǸỳɵϣϾϳѾľҲֻһϵһֱվӣȻҲ̸ȨҰģֻܹԳǼˣ߹Լûеϸ
˵ÿʣΪʲôʼԽˣϾչָ̬ȶڰĻӣһԵĲˡ
ûʣҲûҽ·ѾĬ𽥽ӴһЩˡ
ܿ죬ӳûмʹֻ乬ſڹؿͷ漴뿪
ǹɱ֮ıӰȻһ״̬
գֱûУֻԪǺӻᵽȻֻλߵģ԰ҡ
ܻʼΧռؼ㣬ɽкӣڶ࣬ҲףϻѡյʱﰲӪկרΧԣӪȻȫģͳȻλãҲճļǵ˴򲻵ĵط
˷Ӫʣ°Ц˵ҺһҪٶһˣʲôˡ
ͻȻſڴЦСҪʲôôһ˾Ͳˡ
ƿŽԽŵ󣬿һεӣԼԽЦ̬˲ԼոǾ仰塣
ǳ鴤͡ǲϰ߸˯
ԽЦû£ҪʲôС㣬϶ûзݺáСǽš
ֲԽǹЦ˵ע⣬СĸǽжˡϷȥʯԵϷȴ˼ڣվƤԽˣͷͻһСӡ
Ҳæ⻰ü漴ڵûеϵʱɡ
Ϊ࣬ҶǷεģԽǵڶΣ滹С
ȥ֣ʼ˺ܶδѱܶΧѱſڵ
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԰õһֻһӡԽֻǴѡЩѱʦѱǹҲһûԡ
ţǣ͵ûˣдŵıܽеͷƷ֣Щûԣʲô԰
ڻʹľˣѾĥ˰ɡŵ
ǶСû˵ԽһаԵЦˣͱ׷ʡ
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˵θˡԽһҪ˵˵ӣȳײ˵ģɵĸӺˡ
Խһۣ˦ҪģҲ˵ɲҽ
һ㶣ɻأԽֻǼʼͳһƥԣǳӽģ˺Щ꣬ȴûһѱʦѱ˭ҪǸϣܰƷٱԵǰߣѱʦ߶Ϲͷģϻ׺ݣʱ룬ҲǴ֪ʼһʳòԲȣʵѹͲˡ
˵ԽͻȻЦʱҲʮһ꣬Ǿ͵ĵҪѱƥҪˣ䱻Ʒ˺üΣ䲻䣬ëקһ飬һΰˣͱֱӲ¡
ĵˣԽȴԽЦԽĵãһ죬̫·ͼʱ
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ЩԾȻǸ̫йء
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㵵˵һֻǴ𣿾书ҲҪ˵ܣµ¼·һжпƵġ
Խ̾ЦЦ书ʱҲѱ±Ҳģ˵Ե
඼ҪˣƺǸģǿԪȼŭɡ
֮أʵϾԭкûᵽﰡ
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Խû˵ȥҪ˵ڣ˵ܴ˵ı


207 
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˱˻ŵ˲䣬һƥɫߴݵһ´Ǳߴ˳ͬҵĻֱӸ߸ߵķɹΧԽüˣɫβͬɫһڿ˦ΪɫͬѩɱԴǰаɫĲ֣״ͬһ硣
볡ЧͬȺԽһȥһɧеµĺˣǵһʱ֮еĸţŶûãеʼȦھıڣǲͣ㣬˻췴һ㡣
ϵ˻϶ΪͽȻٶȱˤ˻飬ͱ̤ˡ
ԪǺҲǱıˤǳҵҲ˲Ͻ뿪
ǻٶȼ죬Ȼ׷棬ȫһξ롣ΧȺڣͿųӪأƾͻӪǱ߶оˡ
ԱߺҪס˺ڡ
ԽҲʱľȵȻڡ
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Խͬʱһϳˣ
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ھ˵£һǴӵ췴ǳպ󹬣﷢誵ܡ
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ԪǶԪȼĶһ̬ȣǾͶãִӵġ
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뵽ĪȸԾһֳɾ͸Ȼ̫Ķֻܽһֱۣǣų
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208 
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ڴ̷滹е㱾µģֻĥ٣Ȼ¶ͶࡣûЩӿܸߴϲ˳䲻⡣
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誸ϸ۲죬Ӧÿ⻭һױԭֻҪϸݣپ£ǱøʤһˡԽԽ˷ܣ調ѯʣֱ־Ͱ˹ȥ
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ҪҶңҪҶ˫ĿѪΪŮӵܸ߳мû޲õͱӺףȴӲӣֻƴԽѹ˾Խ˷ܡ
ѵ֪ҵŮˣⶼ飬ҹԹԵſţ˷ܵ˵ʲô誰ΪӻⰮֻҪ˯ܷ첻ɡ
課ŵһ˲ֱӽ涼ϣѾʼҪ泤ʱȻӦſھ׼ߺ
ȴһס죬誡ȰԹԵǱ˷Ůͻˣ㸸ף游ӸϵϻΪ³çʳͷ㻹ǽʹİ۾֮᲻Ҫء
˫ԽԽӾȻв𽥻䣬Цɿ죬϶課ҽС
誵ȷҽˣĻͷӣ۵ĺ⣬ӡǸģҶĹľһҪſңҿԵûзһᡭ
Цһ誵ô˵ǿ㣬ϻΪ𣿵ҵŮˣҲ˳ȻˣΪ˵õҵĳ谮Ϊϵɽ»𺣵ġŮ˲Դʵûһ⣬ҲʱĲܰˣǻҵġ
үúó´ӱŻʲôζ
ȥҧѾû˿ֻܾĽһУԺһˮ¾̬֪ˣҲ͸ˮС
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誻뿪ˣȴһ·𻭵ΪΣ޷Ƶġ
ͻȻҪãѵӻ
Ȼһİ·ס壬ͷһͼһ˱ŹվӪſڡ
鷳ߣҪȻǰѻͰ׷ˡ


209 
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ʵ·ۣſһˣܣѵýôԲɢϧżɡ
ԭҹ˯ţӪأ˳۲ܵʱע⵽쳣ŷ誵ܵġ
ڳǰӪǻô鰡ս̬ȵı仯Ӧ֪誵ˣϳ˵쵽֮ӵľӾͻǽпܷʱ㣬һûд飬課Ͳ𣿾ʶһ㣬Ҳܿ鷢Աóȥ
Ҳû취ֻܷȻߡ
Ϊǵ誵񲢲ԶԼʹųǱߣҲûоֻ֣ΪȦ
¹£΢죬ǰߣɢǱһоߣŲ顣
ҲҪһʱ䣬Բš
أͻȻųսǻղȥ
һ֪ҪʲôأͱӪһѹҲŽѹϡ
꣬ˡ
һЦɢôˣŽŲҲʲô̿ɱ֣·˰ˣΧѲߵôͷǵöˣ
ΪŶѹܻǲǹģҽ׽
¹£С䣬ŵСգѹԼϲˣͦ棬͵ְɡ
ǺЦҲ𴩣ڣΧǲӾǣһ
ͻȻͬʱӵ
֪·ľȻӣʱΧҲʱҪһѲߡ
Ϊʲô
˭ӪʷΧʱó˽ۣҪ£ǡ
ܿ죬Χˣȴû˷ֻ©֮㣬ϽųֱӾ誵Ӫʷߡ
һγ鵹ûʲôʾΪҲ֪ҹҪ˵ץסʲôѱ
Ӫ棬ͻȻ誾һȻܿСԲԾ
ɫ˲ˣ΢΢ü¶һ˿ı顣˵Ķˣ誳֣誼ȻԸ⣬ӻǿȸԼıܲɣ
ţ洫ĶԻ˳顣
誡Ůˣ
΢Ժܶ˼
ʱԺʾˣһٷ֣ܸоʮֲþ̲ס̧ͷ飬ͻȻһʱĲС
ûп˵ֻǵջߣҪ뿪
𡭡߰ǲ
ѾԶõˣΪΣǿǵˣɢʲôģ誱ϵˣŮӣƾݵλΪӵŮˣǿɲǼΪĴӢۣǲһˣ֮˵谭ûεĴɱˡͬҪɱ㡣
꣬ĲˣԵĲͷͲܡ
򲻶԰鲻øԭһһ誣ֻϵĺû𣿲ܳô룬ֻ֪ҪܽڵС
ȵȣҲҪ£Ҳ֪ǵжǡ㲻ϸ˼һ課ԸĻ֮ìܣÿ𣿡Ͻ˵
ǳȴȻץסǰһķâĶ˫
һһķ
ɻȴʳڵʱΪҲ֪˵ĶԣҪֻϣһõģ誳ӵˣڲԸ⣬ΪŮӣվǻӼг˼ʱһ֮Ҳûκν٣ܸõĸϡϿ¾Ļͳһˡ
ҲǴ⣬Ż֪֮ҹϮ誡
ܲϲľٶΪˣȻ˵ĺΪǵĿжʵҪ誡
֪ŮˣһֱŲ˵
˵Щ飬ͿʼΪ誵ģӻ֣Żɢɳ鿴
ԸոտӲŻôĶ
һжΪ誡
ȻŮˣܸʲôͿˣ誶һ⣬ǰǶ䣬ڶˣŮҶ˰ɣԳʮά誵ľٶ
ΪᣬԲ·ɱķֻϣ鷳һˡ
ǳ鿴żΪѵ飬֪ǸӶŮǶһϧأ̣
һ㶣ϽͷԼͷƵġ
񻷹ܣָ˲ԶһӪʣȥ𣬵ͻԼӪʣʣµĽңжСĵ㡣
˫һϽж
鿴ô˵ӣӲˬˡǻƻ¡
ӣϣ޵Ļ誣ȷ課Ը⣬ſںһ
Ȼû뵽֣Ҳû飬ֻоڰԨһ⣬ֻҪӭŹ·Ϳµ顣
誺°ţֱյϤӰ
ȻԼ
誽ס壬ٴοƲסıӿ΢ȴֵǵ飬誵ڱ嶯ݻ٣ҪǰѰһο
ûֱ۶û̧һѾԽǰס֣ʵΣ𣿡
ûֻǷһѻѣߵʱǶˣһԵĻѲȵĻ֡ͣ漴ֵĵĿ誣Ҳ֪ϵļʱ
֮誺Ȼ˸ոյĳ嶯Ҳûǰֻǳллǡ
ż·翴ȥ˳ְˣϣǶ¡ĮȻ
ƣ·𻺲ӣϢһ°ɣȵȲ衭
Ҫ裬ȴסߣǳȥһ£һʱ䣬侲˳㿴
úҪȥǿװ򶨵˵أҿһ߱ȽϺãҲңʱǣǰңҲܶ𱨡
ôУȥǡȵ
ɫ˰ףݺݵҧ´ƺҪҧѪˣһȥϹԱ̸һҹһҹϢţܲǿһӪʰɡҲСģҲ䷢
Ÿով鶼û򶨵ŬΪԼ취ͦġ
飬ô֪ϹԱֱȥӸôɣȻǱҲԸģϹԱŵӶɣΪǱߣ˭𣿡
ɫѿˣͨ˫ۺݺݵĵŵ棬·Ƶġ
ǣʲôʱôˣȻΪҿôࣿԴ˵ţΪɵӣǳôģš
ֻǾеҴĵ㣬һϵӪʰˣ˵ģȥҡԼҲ飬عŮӣһôûУвĻʵҲǲģвơ
̧ͷų飬ǣƣȷסףֲúôϸܴѣԼҲСΪϼ̳˵ʲôʸŮһΪأ
е㲻ԣϽܽԽǴȫ˵侲ˣ֪ǿ㣬ҲֻһˣúϢӦ԰취ɡ
ǵȷѣæһΪе壬ҲΪ˳žߣҲ̫ա
ȵ˳ȥˣ課ЩǱһҵ·һĬĬȥᣬ취ñԼͬһ޴ץסκξܲϡ
վӪǰĿյϣص̾һҪ˵ЩʲôһתͷͿһ˫·͸һƵĿ
һЦ
ǲʲôҪ˵ͷʲôǿѾʮԵѹˡ
˫ȶ˶˵ҲӰ飬ֱӴԼˮ˵
ɫš
ֱ˵꣬С˵ҲǹҪƭģʱҲûɶ˵ȥ˵ᱻɱڣ˼ҵŮӣо
ðɣ˵ȥˣһƣʵǵĵжôİѱø޴Ȩıһʲô£ȫع誵ݣ課ٸӣв鶼áʴǴɣֻẦԼ
Ǹ𣿡Щ
ͻȻ־һԴȻˣΪһ˵飬ǻս˺þãôһ£ֵá
ûǣʱоڸ˵ѣŶһģȴˣͳԶͷΪ˰Ů飬붼ơ
Щȵ㲻һ˵ˣҲԸϡ
̾һˣ֪㲻ϲıԵһŮϣǹŮӱһϡعõİ취
һȻԭһǾعõİ취ԭеˡ
˵ŻȻЩܻĴ˾棬üʲô
¡鵭
Ǽ𣿡ٴʵ
һɻ󣬡ͻӪϢ𣿡
û˵ˣ뵽誾ǵ󣬸ӲȥԾ뿪ˡ
ΪӣʲôĸԸҲҪ顣ӵ
˭ƽʱֵıҲֻⷽѹһ誵ˣȻҪաЦ
漴˻صӪʣɫ԰ף̧ͷǣĶ
ûˣϢɡ˯ո˵ԼĴ̡
Ϳڵ˯ߣҴûù
һɫ΢䡣ûù
ûʲô뷨ûùԼ˯ź󣬳ȥˣԼڶӪˣȷûôù̡û뵽ϹԼĴ̣ĻͦϾԼĴ̶ſˣŮе㲻ʡ
ǣ˯˳ĴϣǸ˯һ
ԼµĳͻȻЩпǰԭģǴʱӦǳһˣƭƭǸһ𰲰ȵ˯оϡúܶࡣ
žЦˣһùҩ࣬Цʲô
һԼЦǲе㻵Ͼ˼ҵһûЦǵĻȻڣóһȥ
˰꣬ҸͿҩС㡣
ȵȣΪʲôҪͿҩڰŵĿ˿誵ķǱ˯ġ
ڱ棬ֿ㲻ͿҩաֹԣҲƿҲͿľشҩͿξͺˡһʵһξͺˡ
ҪãôͿԼҲҪȷλãѵôˣ׼ȷλ˿ڣ
Žɣջų顣
΢ִһһʱ
аˣ
ӲŲѣתͷ˳һۣ鵹һ޹Ŀȴǲǹʱȷλá
鿴һֺۣߵĴͷʲôõ鶼ɢˡˣͷҲˣʵȻ׼ȷλϾÿһϤôܶλˣǹġ
ã˯ˣҹľشҩаɷֵģıı˯ױУϧˣֵ顣
ˣǴ㰲һЩֻǱžͺá
ʱȴ֣ⷢԶѾתˣʧĿߵſ
Ϊǳ誷ˣ˾Ƶġ
鵱ˬİͷתһ·ľٶȻ誵ע⡣
һ룬誾ͺһͣΪֱӵ棬ΪѺߺгͻȻһֻԽ壬ɨľ
˲ͺˣȥǣٿ
Ƕߴգȴ޴ꡣ


210 
ʱ򣬾Ӫ˵
֪ƽ޹ʵİұܣҵ飬ǳһˣǱ־ĬһֻвһΣǲãǲơ˵ǰһ·ĴѾȥڵֱǸ侲ˡ
ҪǱ˼ҿûв㡣Ц
Ц粻ᣬᣬˣһԺ󲻻¶вңװģ²ǲвңǡʱвɣҿɲʱߴ磬ȻΪĿǰǻͻһмֵ飬Ҷġ
鵹ĵЦϲأ
һ㶣ͣһſڵǵÿĳ̶Ⱥĸء
調϶ǵܾҸĽ飬ϲ顣
ڡ
ûдǵ˵ѾףȻϲһ֪Ҳлһ̣ϾһжΪӣӵǰ;ϵѾ󶨣Ա֮£誵ίͲʲôˡ
ģûл黺ڵµ̻ͨҵб˽ңҪ˱֤ݡ
ɫ䣬ԸΣһӦ
㳯͢ǳ⣬ϵԿ˫ȣǿɾΪͬʱˣŻɽġ
ҾӦةֻҪ˰ˣ˱֤ҲֻΪԱ̨ѣԸ֤ӦļԱģ˵ûԽ˻켺ϡֲһģӶҶˣһѵΪԱã
誻һʱඥԭֻͨӴɺгӻִˣٸӣػǿ̸һϾΪô࣬ȫԸ
ǳİ취ȴռڲ֮أֻҪ˴һˣȫһӺϱȻӾҲ
һ˹Ȼ£⽻ֵ
ԣҴӦҾ͸ȥʱҲŵԡΪģ
ƣǴɽˡ
ʱҲʱ
調ʱɫӣûж˵ʲôٴεлʹ뿪ˡ
ԥ̲סڵҪȥ𣿡
鿴һۣûд˵
΢΢üô㻹£Ҳɣҿϵĵճӣҵ
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´Цһξ͹ˣҿûôܡٷǱȻѾˡ
񣬻֣ļʲϵԺѭ̲סڵ誣Ůӡ
üͷһôң飬һο㻹ҡ
ҡͷŮĶأ˵ŮװעδиļѣЩѿܶˣгһգļ˱㲻飬ͷһУ뿪ɣƾıҪ룬ҪȥǲѵġǲԸǿͲֵΪˡ
ȻĿ죬³һ仰вΪһŮҵίҪҪߣ롣
˵תߡ

Ҳ˿ܻᵼºĳЩǱڵʧܵ׼µľô
δɲһܺƳ˰
飬ߺί
ü˵£˰ɣԲһʶ˶ѣ˵̣˵ûǵճӵݣǼ̳ˣôϡ
ٴίҲ룿
㲻˵һԸֻҪί͸һҲ
죬ȴ޷Ȼô򵥵ġ
㡭㲻Ҳһ𣿡
һͶǲеֶܷһȵҰѻȫˣȻˣʱô޹ء˹˵ţЦΪ鷳ȫѹ򡣡
ǳ鴤˵һԸ˵أ֪˰ɡ
Ȼ誻Ǳƭˣ˵ʲôֻԸˣϳԼϵĶ顣
ԭеҲȷǼȥЧʱѾڸΪ޼ì״̬ˣȵ껧֪Լƭˣ뱨ȥٴαֱ֮ǻչˣĥȥ誵侲ǣٶȱãϡȻϣһֱ縺ε޷ϵĻͨԼɵģټ֪δй飬ԾԭеĽ֡
һΣҲ֪誻᲻ỹԭĵ
һߣ誻ȥֱ֮ӰݼɣȻ֪˵һΪãôߵõ
Ҳڣֱ˵˵飬鱩ŭʵ֪ˣҲѵӲ֮˵Ͻ
誾ͱʾԼ˵ľģ֮úøӣάϣǾԲΪκ˵Ůˡ
ӱܾȻŭȴѵһ٣Ǹӡ
ˣʶ糿ܱ֤Ĳ¶ˣ調˴󹦣㻹Ͻֽһ¸ô
ѹѹƢ֮µȷˣ˵Ѿðˡ
üҪΪأ֪ΰţ

Ե˵ֵһ죬ǲ֪ǲΪˣожŻҩζ
ոҹһкˣȫģǳҪȥǰԳǣҲҪţǳ鲻Ӧʯۣ˭֪ʲôΣգֻԽһ
ԽӪЦͱȥˣȥˣܻĵġͽͻ䣬Ҫǣġ
룬ҲԣϾξȫһģûгֱıʣǳȻûΣա
˾ͷſģĴʱ䣬ͷ
ԽվӪſڣԶܶʿԼԶĻѣ֪սʼˡ
ӪҲһ࣬ڴô£̫ͣĴϢˡ
ͻȻ˹̫ˣأ
ӦԽǱߡ
ӦҲ̫ΣգҸոŽȥ˻Ǳߣ˵Ǵ췴ˣȻʿǱɱ˽ԽѾȥֿˣӦǳ岻ġ
ô˵Խʵ
òιȥоûǰˣѹ˵Ҫ׽ӣҪԶɣձ㣬ԽӦʤ㣬һαˡ
Խûôܶ϶أ
ҵʱ㱨Ѿǰǿӧ
ʲôӣԽͬʱʵ
ͷȻӸҳսǰսϾҪȻôأ
̫ʲôӦԽ
̫û˵Щӻսӡ
Խе㲻Ծ˵뿪ˡ
ԽתͷɫҲԡ
ôˣ
ӡжİȻԭûӳŵһֱڻߣôܳսء
Ҳ֣Խü˵ԪӦñӸҪ֣ϴȥ֮ǰû֤ңԪǺӶϧˣԪǲң¿϶Ӳҡ
ǡ֪ϢԴ֪ⳡսû¡
û£һҲǵļƻһ͡
ĶƺԽԽӪ˸Ӳˣ֪ͨǣҪҾۼһȽϰȫ
Խתƣ·誡
һֱھ仯飬иС˵⣬һ誣ȥס誵л㡣
֮ǰеΣҲҪһǲǰȫĴӪأû뵽ץס
ʲô
ΪʲôҪȥսǲ֪ʲôֱʵ
۾ȻңǲǺϵǲǸѯʶˣ
ݽҲʲа顭ұԽǱߣڻزʲôϢҡ
һ㶣ҲɨһۺԽԽ˾ͣס˽ŲԶԶĿš
ſڵ㵣ĵǾͲùˣֻҪԽһΣյģԽԿĴ
˵֪սİţ¾ͷŹ仰ǵôӵ˽Ǳ·ģҪԳǶԿעǴɽǱֱҪһ
鿴Ĳ֮ѾԸɽǱ߹ڹؼʱӪϾʱԽ׷ǱṦ͡
Ҳ˵ߣɽǱҲȺ󾭹ӵĶͻĶ顣
ͻȻֻᵽӡ
˵ӡȥɽ˰ɡ
ɫʱ䣬㡭ô뵽ɽϢݵô𣿡
ɫ˼䣬֪課͸¶ؼϢ̽ԣҲ򲻹Ӱ
誶ʱΪϢѾݣҲֱ˵Ȼʵǰͷִ춯ʱ̶Ų֪췴ͱ·飬ȥɽͷӪըɽͷըҩˣֻҪӵĶ·ɽͷըʯ䣬ȻأʱÿսǣѴ֮
ɽͷըˣɽĲΣգɫ׵˵
ǰӻը֮Ž롣誵
Ѿ˵ˣ𾪵Ŀ誣Ȼ誴ģΪʲôѵΪûôǿӵ鶼ˣ㰮飬רҵŮҲ̫˰ɡ
誼ɫף͵㲻õİɣԳѾ֪ɽ飬Ҳɳȥοڴñ͵ġ
һۣлѣһǲġ˵꣬תԽܡ
Ҫס˼ҸͷֻҲΣգҲû
ôˣԽȵ
Ͻ˵һ飬ԽϵѪɫ˲ȥҪֹӣҲҪɽˡ


211 
Ϊ誺ӵͻȻ룬óƵľ籾˱䶯ųҲûϵ誻һʼͶӡ
ȻûĿ͸һУȴҲʱ̶ţֱԳ󣬴ӵΪʼ˼ɣҲΪأ˵עȫԳУһֱŴӵ課ŵõ췴ȷ𰸣ӡ
ӵ֪ӾȻֻ˴ɽߣӪպҲըҩȻǻᣬԳûȺǰһٶѹԪǣĵλ͸˿ɶˡ
Խ֪䲻ҲʱҪ
ǱֹӵΪ
ɽڸԼܿˣԽֱסһȥҰյʱûл㣬ͷȥҳ飬˵бİ취
㵣Ӳͬ⣿Ҳ
Խͷٷϻֱȥ
ҧʵԽ֪оٶ˵ȥҳ飬ó취飬ҲģһյĹǱҪֹӣԽ϶ҪԼȰ˵оİ취
ȥҳ鲻֮еһУһܴ漣أڳߵ˴޵ųıܡ
ʱҲǸףһɽʱʹܻܲͿˣǾ͵þˣΣգȵüʱҲ˵ȡ
ԽѾܵӵĶ飬ҲãӾֱ˵£ϢģӼ˴ɽڴӺ׷ϣΣգʺս¿˵ǰٸһǰл
ɫ˼䣬ͻȻôܣ粻ԽǱ𣿻ӦҲڳأԽϢһǴģԽ˱ǻݣҪǸӴ룬ǻᾪŸʵġ
Ҫ׽ӣԻҸոյȽаղ𣿡Խڵʵǲȥ˵飬ûôƭһڱȻͻɺʣֻթӡ
ֻǸ±˿ӶѡҡҪ׽Լ֣ɲ˵ҪɻԼӷѵġƫƫѵǸֱӰԼŪҲԹ˭
ԽͻһֱԸͶϣʵͿ˲ˬˣûԸء
ʱ˵һǹģйȻҲ˹ϾȷԳûбĵط׷Ҳ˵
Խ߿϶˵ͨˣҲ˷ʱ䣬ֱɽ洳ըҩֲĿ϶ԶĵطըԽԼܵĲСûнɽˣٶȥһ䣬ϴľҩѾ벻İ취ˣֻˡ
ӿⳡҲᣬȻҪΪֵ߲嵶⸽һ
˰յ蹦оԽûгɹҲ֪ô
벻ֹİ취ֻȥҳˣҪͷͻȻµͲܿƵת
ΧȫаϾսոջö˶˵ģôͻȻͽ겻
ʱһ̫һڶ͹Գֻٵ
ԼֱŵˣͻȻһƥײֱӰͬµһײϡ
Ǳĵһ̧ͷʱһ޴
ͫһʱоƨһۡ࡭ڣ
ǳڣֻſھҪҧʱŵòᣬϽֵ̧ȴֳֻҧɻĿۣȻɿڣת˼Ȧ
κûͨҲ˷ʱ䣬ֻϽ·ո׼ǣԱߵʱں쵽ʲôֱӴһǡ
͸ƵģһԶȥס

ү磬˵ĺѣĵĺѣм£ˣǲҲҪҪȻߣҪȻҴȥ㿴أ¶ޱȵĿЦ
κүǺĿôռô˵ζҪȻڴүҲϴǵˣ֮ǰҧˣ캰صģ˻ԲҧÆŶ
ųڴүûӦļˣתҪܣǱԷҧס·
볶Լ·ͻȻһ㶣˸ոߵԶԶĳӵĶ飬һɧ
ȵȣڣȺɧ
Ȼͷڣ˫ۼҪˡ
ڶʱоɿڣͿļһȻҪıһʱ컹ɹˡ
ڷĵߣĲУ˶
˴Ӧģڴˣ㲻ԵǹؼʱڣҰǰɽϣˣͰһΣԺóԺúȵĹţҪŶң㲻һͷ˸㰡
Ҳ֪Ļϵζóڱ˳һ㣬һжɺϡ
ڷ˻ˣȴûİͷıӣͼƷ򣬳ھӶķ񱼡
ӵĶ飬ûмڵӰͱХ˻ס⼸նǸһطŵģѾڳӰˣȻ֪˭ϴ
ͻȻʹ˷ӦѾʧķƵĳ෴ķҲɽ񱼡˰·ˤģ˱סһ·ɽġ
ʮƥͬʱܶСɽƵģȻɽ˵ע⣬ɽ׼ըɽ˷쳣ǰ׼ĴҲ춯
ǰ϶е˹˿ܲ١
ֻһˣΪ˳ʤֱӭˣǾûˡ
ɽ˰·ɽɽķԳսս
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Ӱ˲ץס˻עʧص𣬱סԼϡ
ô𾪵
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ŻɽԭΪͻȻսͱŤת˴ӺǰԳٽܿǾмܲסˡ
ԽҲҸս󷽵ĳϣ
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ԽٶӦûûе
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ˣ㲻书ڣҼʱϵס㣬Ƶöϼͷ
´Ҳҵˣˣ㿴𣿡Ͻ˵һ
ʮȵѹأģҸոʱ򿴵Ƕ棬Ӳ֪ܵʲôطȥˣء
һɽըˣ漴ʵô
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ʮֱˣӦǳҪ߳ڵļƻ룬ŲһȻڶԶھͳһҧס·
һΪҵ˰ɡ
ʮɵˣʲôûҧҪȻովͳ־ˡ
Ͻʮʹɫ˾ȻĬһӣҪܣſҪҧͱʮͶľشСҩһö
ڸоʲôˣ²ʱŭʮϽɵϡһϹʱ򣬾ͿΧһתֱε
һʱս½ʣһ˱׽²Ӻͯ͵ӪءҲ˻֮ǰߵʱĵһûɱˤֱۣҪ׷ȴ֪˭˵öӪʲˡ
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ָôǲĺܸоԼ֪ĵطָ
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գûˣڻҧ𣿡
룬ͻȻЦǳҵ·Ҳ֪ԭôģƢŶˣԭ̫ӵ£ˣȻҳݵ̫ӵ£ҾͲƽˡ
һ㶣ЩڣڨЦûã֮һ°ؼңʱ½
ڵıƢ;úЦǵԪȼŹ˵»
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򵥵ĸ˵һ£˾׼ȥӪʸ˵ջᱻػʹʱ䣬ûʲôҪĵġ


212 
һ˵ǰĻ䱻ȷµȻ϶ķӦĵıֺ⡣ȻûдﵽϲЧڻУ˴İȫѾԳǣǻı࣬ܲѺӵΣԾ͸ǿѲߺ
ҲǳԤõģ䲻ܸѺӣϾϷ롭Ҫϵ˴Գнߴӣɻȥ׷
һͿԽüͷŲ˵ǰߣԽϽϣѯһһش𣬾ǲԽ
ӪڵһƬСӣԽͻȻס˻䣬ôˣˣƢ
̣ͻģǡ
ȻסԽһŭҲˣƢ֮ǰʲô˭㴳ɽģ书ûУ㡭
Խüзִ磬֪Լ
֪ƨʯͷ¾һ飬õĻܶһƥܸˤϵ׺ݶ϶Ը˵ʱ
Խˣι˵˰ûŸѳ𣿵ʱҾȥʬģϵüʱġ
㣡ҪˣͻȻԽȴס˻죬ǰһס
󾪣ŵҿ˿ҪƿԽȴԽһתѹϡ
Խ䣬ǿڡ
죡𶯣ԽҲѹŻƵģ俪ڵĻᣬ;ȥĶ֡޷⣬ʱԽ֪Ҫɽеĸоܾһ˲䣬ѳ鶼ϲϡ
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俿ϣΪƣԽſϣǿ֦ϡ
弤ţԶԶľͿ˳·˺׼ӪǱȥɫǺ죬εĲ֪룬ǵ£ꡭ
״̬ĿӶԽŪˣҲǱĶϡ
ݺݵԽһۣǰˣ䶼Խǲǹʵ˻Сڷڰһ⣬ʱǺعһģѵóҲǱԽƵû취һڡƽʱСûС
ٳ֣ҲԽӶ࣬ÿζûҪˡ
ȴȥȻ˼ңһҪ
ݺݵţͻȻһΪ˹̶ζץŵɶ˲䱻ϣӶͷϵѪҺҲʼڣŵĵͷԽʲô
˵ԽԽԽȴӦˣоҪ衣
᲻ͣĹͼ񽥽黹ǵһΣ̫ˣ·ôˣԭԽ֣ҲŲԽͷϣĴǺڳķ˿УȴƲ˵Ŀס
·ŵĳ˵Ż
ҸոôԽͻˣЩɻ˵
Ҫ˵ͻȻüͷһ壬ʱͼ뿪֡
ôˣͻȻܵô죿⡣
ɫȴǺܺڣȻʮֲĵһۡ

СûˣϴĴϢŲܿơ
һƺ߼ӹ࣬Խ¹Цʮֻۣ󽫾𣿡
ֱǻϽͣǵ俴ԽǵĲһɻֱԡ
ԽĻļЦˣȥɣҪѲˡ
Խոͱתѹϡ
ԽĲӱһִֻӺסѾÿ
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ȴѹŭԽߺҵģԺ󻹸Ҳҡ

ͳӪʵʱ򣬵誺
۾һۣȻƲߡ
ǰ˵˼仰̾һԶڽͯͯһֱۣȻֹѪˣ˶ˣ緢ǣ岡УͯҲˣŻ̲סпǻȨϡ
ϼӵʱֻһ仰Ϊʲô
ӷ·˵ҲںʲôĽˣֻЦһǳ
ʵϴǰͲϲӣ˵ԵʱԪȼȶԼĴӺãԴΪϵĵճȴûеõճĹذͲ󸸰ˣߵһȻԹҲ˵ʲôˡ
˵Գ˴Ӻüӣ˵ĴӣҲˡ
޷ȥԳǴŴӳʱ򣬾ζ̻ؾ
ȻԪǴͷβûûȷջ
½½˻䱧ԽűһԽ󾪣ϽʵԽ𣿡
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ոջٴ·Ǳߵʱһ֦ͻأĵԣһصҶɫֺ˺ڡ
Աߵδͷҿ顣
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ŪĿİһ£վỷס˳飬̶ãţ˯˯ɣС
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֪һεĳôѡ
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ˣȫˣϵδһûбס
Ҳáһ˵ĻͻȻ˱˵ǰǻԵĴӺͯ
ҿԾߣֻҪϡ


213 
һʮ˽峤Ǽһģ֮ǰԷ׼ƣ˳ȵˣǲȴӵģһǵҪһ򾡣֮ǰҹʱͿôˣȫûбҪôһȦЩ˵ô¡
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ҼĻߵİĵةԽʶһָų˵
˶ʱŲѣ֪ߺ⡣
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ûйΪҪڸǻΪǵ˶ˣûǣھͱץˡĵ
ϵˣóǶ׶͵ģȻѾûΣңˡ
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ʲô˵ʲôôܣôܰ쵽Ŀѣܰ쵽顣
ʮԤҫһһ˵
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ĿҸӽŵ·Ǳ鶢Ƶģ峤ڳŲסһѪ˳·һʮ꣬ݺᣬ޷
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ǸҴδҪ壬ϾҲҵ񡣡
Ҹ䣬һ𣬳ɵĿų顣
ֻҪҵһȨͰյƽ⣬ǶǶԣҲ׳󣬾͵ͬǰɣϾĸﻹδʵʩ˭Ҳ֪Σ˵档֪Ϊңֻû뵽Ϊ˹Щ˵Ȩ棬Ȼˣ
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Цһҵñȥǻ˲ŷԹսзƣ֮ǰϴơûһ޴ѪûչĽѵܳɹأǵʱĲ֪ʲôĺ
Ҹϵһ˿ѪɫȥйûʵαװòȻ˵Ƕ飬ҲڸǲѪζ֮µ̰ͳª
ҡٵġ١Ҳ̧ͷֱӳˣĶӷ·ڿ۾ֻôһ䣬ǲġ
Цһ³ÿһֶɱһŹ
Ҹ޻˵峤ϥĽ£صĿͷ̫ӵ£ϴǶԲ㣬ԲЩ޹ˣԪ˸Сͳ㣬δ㣬ͯ⺢Ӷ֪֮£ЩԹ޹أŹǰɡ
һЦʵǵھվһж˱ǺˣǵļָЩԹй𣿡
峤ٶȾڶˣԵҲǰǸʺĴˣһӵĸߡһһҲ
ǾʹޣûôǵȨɢ˻ǻᰲݸһڡûˣûˡ
һϵ֮ȼܴ𣬻棬ֻϵ뱻˶𺣣зʬӺͯػʹ
ҹ˾̴̻ײľζһ˴ľǿˣˣû뿪ǷΧסѾˣҲûˣӴ֮գǳþһл˻Ļᣬϧɡ
ĲڣڿŵԺȣֱһƣӰ¹˽
վǰˣ
ȻһЦͷţˡ


214 
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ڣ򵥵˵һ֮öˣû뵽龹ȻķŹ˴ӺͯвɵĶݣڵĳֶʴ̫ˡ
֮󡭡
Ҫȥ𣿡̲סʵ
ָһʹǵÿʲôʱּɱҵϢһˡ
Щȣ龹ȻϢܿͷӦ㷸ˣ
ͷľشҩЧʮƣģڿҪ˯
ǽһ˯ɣȥҷ䣬ҿ㣬һʲôһӦһ¡
ľشҩֲǵһγˣʲô˷ܵԼȥ˯ӣ϶û˵ġ
µʱ򣬳鷢Ȼûиһƽ忴е֣뿪һһϣͱôˣ
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һ˵ţһֲ˲գȻ˳ƴϣ˴սһЩ˵䣬·µԷıǼ⡣
ҲûзӦľ룬ѾϰΪˡ
ǸҪȥʹʱܴܲңҸſڵϾȫҪֹ˷֡
ϵͳڶǾˣҪȥóһȥʹ
΢΢һ㶣ҪճǶһϵеΪʼ棬Ҫ̽ˡʵԸ̽࣬ں֪һֱܹԺκξɣԲά״
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Ϥİ𣬳һһȴߡ
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ֻܴսĽţͻȻﾹȻ߶֣ľٶóĶˣôϲ𣿶ˣλҪ
̲סȥһڣһȻû˿ļ󣬳Ҳ˵ˣԺٸŵĻᣬ·뿪
ǵ뿪󣬴ϵ·һ㣬üͷԽԽѲ
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лڣϳԹڵϤ׾ͱܿ乬Ⱥ̫࣬ǸŻġ
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ʱĻʹԴӵѶȻɢͷŰɫȹТƵģֻȴžƺϵﵹƣһѹӡ
ûʲôҪ˵𣿡վڵУۿš
Ǻǡᷢޣˣߵһϣ˵㺦𣿡
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ϱ˵ֱ΢΢۾ϣȻûŴǣҲûпǣ̰Ĳ㣬վǹޣ˸Ѿȥˣȥˡ
˵꣬ºܹܣʹ뿪
ͻȻʹˣ֪ܵ˾һǾýܰ˯˰ɣϣֵģӦòֻҺ˸ڵ㣬ʱĵʱٳԹġ
ϽŲһ٣ٸѪӿ֪Ǳã忪ʼˡ
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俴ԽƺҪʲôǿԽ԰׵ɫȴһ仰ʲ
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գ͵͵£ƫȻ֪һŪʺ󣬵û뵽˶վй¶ȥֻԶ˵ڣԲŻô
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ʺͼܣôܵĳȥء
ƫʼղ򿪵ġ
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ʺǰڿ޺Ԫȼֳ֣ץšŵֱһˡ
ʺˣ߰պۣ˫ŭɣĿֻע⵽ˣС˫ֶǺָۣҲ˺ü˶ˣ̧˳ȥ켸ҹûгˡ
ڵĻʹʼղΪʲôǸ̻ʺôӦĻš˲òࡣ
ʹ˵꣬飬Ϊʾ𾪱ģԷȴû˿Ӧ˶Ǳߣϵı鶼ûˡ
ãͷһ䣬ã
ϲӣ⣬Ͼû飬۰Ľ㰡
ʹЩԻΪʲô鷴Ӧô֣Цһǲûʼҵĳªиӳªءһܸ㡭
ʹ飬һʲôһסļʵ˶ܿϺͳ̻ʺϵôӦҲ˰ɡϾѾ֪ˡû֪ʵʮǰͲˣһûþͷļ顣
֪̻ʺΪʲôܶԼ㻹ԼԪȼôѪΪԼİ˺밮ĶӰʵԪǲȻʵ֣Ǹ˵ĶӣǲҪĵᴢ֮λģ˶˵Ǳ𼱣ϲѻλԼֶǺǣôܲȻᰡΪ׶
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俴˳ʧأոպ浤ӣҪ߻ħˣϽǰȴһ𿪡
תߣв֪Ѿһذףɱʵʡ
ҪɱˣҪɱе·֮ˣп֮ˣˡ


215 
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ܹ̾һȻ˼飬룬ﻹǿЩɣūŵӣҪȥ
ǡǡˣԪȼȻԪȼʺ˵ĶԣԪȼױܡȻֵĺӣֻϧǳǸ˵ĶӣĸɱĸǺǡɱ
ʹһЦȴĳˡȻȻѵŹҶᡭ𣿻ʵ۶ԲҲһŹҶӵİɡ
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ʹ棬ͻȻоЩ̣ǸҲʮ۰ϣԼĶһžޣֻһ˼һõˣҸͿֶһܸˡ

֪ȻȻʺ࣬ԼĸʲôҲ֪ԪǾȻԼͬĸ츸Ĵ֮£ٶȷ裬ĳ˳ȥ˾ɱ
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һ֮ǰЧֻҪԸ⣬Ǿߡ
Ϊ鰲źһУ취ϵͳȡʱ䣬һҵƽķʽֻҪߣһΪԼ˽³顣
ðɣʵҲҲҪǡѾƫˣû취Υĵ顣
ͻȻֱ̧ۣ֣һ¡
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ۣͻȻԼе㱰ɣʵϣܾģΪ
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ֻҪҶ㣬һˣҪߣҲ㣬˵
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216 
ʹʹϢҲ·һҹ֮ӴܳʹʱڵͳС
ΪˣĻҲûãĵȻͲˣҲлżٻؼҡ
ͳվ빬ˣΪ˲ģϾ߻ħһΣǿͻ浤ҩЧӰǷǳģøϽȥľش
ҲʱóʹǼ˱ȽϺãȰá
صңľش֮ԡǼգ鶼û뿪ҩ®
Ҳó˶ģҲ֪黹ԭ򣬸о˺ܶྫƵġĵѯľش
ľشһСҪĳˣģĹ󣬴Ժٻꡣ
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Ƶķϱз財浤ĸ÷ʱ־ʮֱֻʮ־裬ѩϼ˪Чÿʧضһġ
ֻܿԼڻϰߣҪȻǲʧصβˡ
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ǵģֻԽͻóʱ̫ˣҪ취Ŀġ
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ãҲǱ̫ãҪͷһ£̹ˣҲͨˡ϶Ѿܾˣð
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ڰø־ϲ׼ĹУϵĸ˱ŲеģӰʵȵȡŪΡ
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۾ʲô𣿡
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ϴοô̻ΪԪȼ̫ʱʵ࣬ϾǮҪٸ걨ʮ鷳Գ˴ͽܿ
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оԼͷˣԴҲڴᣬҹ˵ʲô֮ʰҪΪʲôУܸо⻰ʮΣգһӾڻʹԡͰһΡ
ǳȴͻȻͳĿڵ磬ҾҲܰԿ㻹ǵá
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Ϊոյƣ˫ȫͱסˡڳߡ
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ѹϣһֻ˳ĸϸȥ
ţоǰһжͬμ䡣
ǲԵġǡ޷ܡ
ҳһŽ֪˶ãֻоͷƤһһķ飬Ҳĳм尾
ĳּ֮ƺͷΪĸо̼ͷƺʲôо°ͱʲôĶһ£˳ĻĲصҧס
ҲʲôҰ޵סˣȥ
һ˲䣬׹֡

ʲôʶȴԻ֮У飬ǵòˡΪǰԵ״̬̫ɬҲ޷Լʲô֪龿ʲôʱֹͣġ
ֻо棬̥ǰˬ


217 
۵ʱѾһ㾢Ƶƣ˶л㱣սڵⶼǽɫġ
һܳܳΡ
ԼС
һԺйȡ
գ¶ȣˮ롭ճһŪĵǡ
Щһһĺصҧһ£ۣҲ͸ŹС
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ɫɢֱϣ䴦īɫĳΪʪɫļϣڰ׶ԱȳǿҵӾЧ᲻ͣ¹ԸеĴ΢΢źźĶѾ糺ɫխȴкÿļγɵÿһȥʮֽʵ޾Ƶģر̬£ԺɶɣżǿĹԣ˺¡
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·ҲҲоϺܸˬӦˡҪȻ֡Ҳе㲻̫Źۡ黹Ǻġ
ȵȣӽǱԵıӺʹΪʲôһɫһסҲˣûŪ֮󣬳϶ˣ
оԼе㲻еȱݺݵı۾
ԾԾΪʲôͻȻоƨеۣѵһۣ
ġ鶼ʲô
ʱԱ˯ŵתѣһͿһӡ
һ㶣ǲ̫ǿˣڵ磬ôˣ
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תͷֱ㶵Ŀų飬Գί˵ʲôųҡƨۡ
գգۣӦһ׹ֺЦ͵Ҫ㻻·ʱ򣬹ҵʱĲɣûס㻬ȥˣҵˡԲڻ𣿡
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Цͷ԰ҪȻôˣѵһܳ˯Ŵ㲻ɣ
СĿһһģ滹е㿹ܵģҺûֵ飬黹˳֮˵ɡոռʹҲûбŭȻܽܵġ
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ϣ·Цųڲӵĳ飬յرƫһ⣬׵ľס˵ߣ̧ͷʱȴĳһ˲̰ĵҫ۵ֻԼǶô˽顣
ĹȻǿƲסļˡ
պʱڣǻص˻ʹĶԸ֤ݼϳԭеģڳĽ£ةֱӰκ뻧ݴְ񡣶ĻҲ1350㡣
شɻȥ飬Ӷֱӷĸؽգ֮ǰķ˲ʧ﹬⵽ǿĸЦˣϾ֮ǰ̫š
ֻϸϽ취Ϊǻɱǳڳָǣһ֤ݶҲŪȺҲ۲ϣͷö
ʱֻǱ˳ϵˣ㱻Ҳ㳹˳ϣϾԪΪȢ˾Ӱ컹ûˡ
ϱȻ߳ŭҪȥҳˣ֪ƭˣͲʱΪͳŵĵģȴϣЩֲУǲϳ飬ͱ׽ȥ飬һӾתеע
լԺУ誵ĸ׶𾪵ܷ갦̾
誶ίǱȻģע̳мҵᱻóףŮȨǱʶŮӵݻԽĲŻζſʱ棬ǴŮӵıǳӲġֻϣܶ¡


218 
ף˵ʲôҪҡָŮ󹬣
վм䣬ŵĶһĵ׳ԼվһϵѪס
ЩȨһδʹмȨҲԾԽǡ
誾һվˣΪԼȨ
ף֮ǰҵ飬ˣ֪˵ʲô𣿹ùѾˣҽһ򣿣
誸ҲҼҪڣԱߵĳǾŭˣһһ䣬Ů˵ݵ㹥誣ڳ߸ϵȨ̬ӲҪѹ誵ͷ
誵Ѫӿҧȴϵͷ
ˣͻȻڵ֪ǶŮװ̳˶вǲɷЩ꣬誵ȷĲҼȻѾѡվһ𣬾͸֪۵صʲô
⻰һ˶ˡ
ˣߣҵ誶˵
в½½˦뿪
žǿ̾һǣҪ̳ϲס̳˵λãҪȻǼкӶлᣬвʣǱ͵ߵġ
ƾȺֻ֪ȨƵ竣ǣ϶öˡ誰˵
£ҵȻ֪㣬ΣΪкģȥ
課ɵֱʵ¹ùһֱӸǷڱڳϣٷѣǾˡ
Ľ͵誶жϱĳҲɹһ鰡
һ㶣Ե飬һʵ͸򵥵˵һ£誵󾪣˼ǣΪάԼȨȻʺ󣬶ѡ֧ڵĳ̻ʺ󡣡
ͷʱûгϵάȻʺֻǵǿȫСϣȻҲͻվӣΪ˸õͳһǱ뻮һĺʱеȨصǵС̣ϻǽ;裬Ǳâкβã
ףųùúΪΣ誾㵵
ΪϵķѾɣߣİǲǰǵĴ󹦳ȴһҪԼһ飬Ҫǰæʰ̯ӡϱ۵Ļ𣿻֮Ի£ɲΪ˲鵽ΪɺĿĲ̫ࡣ붯ˣƽʱУôôѱͷѵǣǸϽ⣬Ҳ˼˵
һȻ飬ȴǿڵҾòףⱾ۾֮ȫ׷׷ôܡ
ϺôҲǰ壬誶㱾òִϻۣ빬ϵӣ϶ȻܾҲͽ⿪۾֮ǱΣգõʱһв㲻ǻǰֻҪ˺󹬣ǻ𣿡
ɫѾף׸ô࣬Ȼһʱˡ
ҲߵһѾǳˣԽϲĻӣǲܼȥ誶ֱˣΪԼȥƾȻںվȽŲڻϻᣬʱ˻ӣ϶Ϊ𣬺αΪίԼء
ˣԼĸǸԸԼҲùֶӡƽʱһɺǱԷûӣܹˣɴѡݾķʽ
Ǿ빬ȥϵӣϿԷֵĻӡ
ȷǱȷЩĵ˸ãȥϵŮˣԸ⡣
ף㲻ôңΪ˼̳ˣѡҷŮ˵ݣʮҶˣΪϣұŮˣҸҪϼ̳˵λãܾӪϣǵһŮˣ
˵վҿԼ취ɺҲԶԸһˣȥϵŮˣұʹޣѾûŮĳײҪң
˵꣬誾뿪ŲԸ̸ҲԸ顣
Ȼصլܷꡣ
ܷ겻ŵ΢΢üԲҲġ
ܷɫ˼䣬ڻǿڵҪˣҲü޸ˣ
һ㶣Ҳ󹬡
ܷʱˣǾ˵һҪ޸ӣôһһ۸ҵġ
ֵܷģĻ˼һ޸
ܷȴ޷ģΪŮӣʲôȨԼĻ¡
㡭Ĳ빬ܱһֱ˺ðɡ빬ٻ˵Ӷʢ裬ʱҪʲôʲôܷ
ЦһŮ˶뵱οǺŮˣֻ뽨ҵδӡ
ܷ겻˼㻹Լ˰
調Цһܷͷȥĸˡ
øˣܷ룬̲סѯ顣û뵽רġ
һٽ̸ܷ֮ڴһ죬ڶڻ誵ţɫ̫Ȼ˵㣬һȥıԺһպҪȥȪ
誾Щ֣ͦæģұһȥ
Ҫһ𰡣ǡͻȻɽãӦӦܷĿ誣뻹ǴӦˡ
ϱԺ誾̲סԶһԺԺһƬ֣ʵʲô֪ǸĸۡӦҲڸС
һǸƭӣӺˣҲ뵽һ
㣬ЩߣȽȥ󵽡ܷ͵Ȫԣ뿪ˡ
誵ͷһһȪ˵ܷˣŤ
ǸеȪȻҲȡɽϵͬһȪۣǻˮڸп˼Ȫعʹá
˽ܵһΧģ߽ȥ˹߳ڣΧϾȻŷɫɴǺúòһ⾳һкɫķҶУɴ̬
ûжŮģһҲû⣬Ϳʼ¡·ȫȥ˿һưˮϴȥϿǿӲױݣ¶ʵӣһŮȻ֮У޳Ȼ̤Ȫڣ۵Ƥīɫķ˿ʼɫƵģȻ˰ɫ£մˮ̬֮бŮԱ˾̾ɻΡ
£ϴӣͻȻסؿȻתͷĿһԵ
Ϊʲôоһǿҵ߶ϣ
ͻȻŲһʲôˣ˳ȥ
Ǿ沢ûãŲֻͣһ˲
𾪣ϽҪϰ·ȴǿõ·˲䣬ڴһƬ½ǳ֡
½ơ

㡭ôˣŵĿͻȻ߽ĳ飬ɫЩš
һ޹ȪҲһҲҪһ°
ҪԼʲôûֻȵӵһԣùǿϡ
Ҹ鵥ദǰЩյһλﻥ֮󣬸˼ճְʾһΣ㿪ˣȻĳܿ࣬ҲûæΪԳ˼Ѿˡһһʧأʲôô죿
ԳĶҲû׼ж
˲ǳ飬ФĶ붼ۣ޷˰˳飬ԸⳢ׷飬ȻпΪԱⱻܾ
ϾԼ趼ôˣҪˣΪˬһһ飬һֱǺİģɼȻȴҪ鷢չҪȻҲԡ
Լˣദģʽǲı䡣
ͣڣҼȥڻȰ˵סһЩеûġ
˵ڲܹ׽ܵԼƽԼݵ̫һֲУ˵ջأõʱΪ˰˸֮Ͳˡ
ȿȣҾæûнˣҶݺˣˣԼݰɡڨЦţҪǳѾһѵһѰסļ
Īڶң
ȻǣݾˣιȥˡЦ
üԲãֱӵǱڳرҺˡ
ҲӲߣ̫ǣǿˣֻӲͷƤ۾ȴѾ֪ÿˣϾ塭Ļ٣ڸ͸һôֿˣ
ϽŲߣԼˮǿͻȻߴĴϢ
ЩȣĿȥɲǼ䣬ֱˡ
鿿һԣͷѾʪͬ¶ŪʪĹʵɿڼˡ۾üͷ촽΢΢źϣһֱֻۻˮжţȪصĳˮһһ⵴ڡ
һһå컯֮ȪأԼķӦåˣҪĶӣ͸ϡ
Ļһ˲ͱסˣȷӦѾߣСȶϡ
ҪѷڳеĽջأͱһ˱ˮ
䱻鱧ˮʪ·ǳϵĳ˾ͽһľԷġ
ɫ˲ǵͨ죬оһֱţʲôħ鰡ѾѸӦ˺٣кءʲô˵
磬ʲô˲Զţ֪⼸Ҷ̵ڣҲһ¡ͷļϲ˲䣬һֻίСƵġ϶ȴǿƣһסһֵסĳرߣѹ˿ȥײֶûˡ
磬ԿʼǶˡ鶯˶壬˲䣬ûпɬֻջ˵ߺţ촽·ǹĲĶ䡣
˵һ˲Ϊ㣬֪Ȫһбȣǳȵʧȥǡ
Ϊһ˱ԼĶĶԴǻңĿԵˡ
ĪЩˣֱֽѹڳرߡҲ쳣˳ӣ͹ɣ֪ǲԼ仯ˣܸоһһЦȻĸоĳм֮
ֶ£ɫ˲ôУܿƿЩһ𡣳չ¶Ц⣬ͷǰһС
۵׵ɫԽԽأԼеʧأȻÿģֻҪһͿƲˣҪֱѹ
ĺʳ飬ô֪Ұ㣬㻹ô޼ɵǲҰҪ⣬ǹң棬ܶӣ֪
ͻȻһʹҧһ˲˴̼һƬհ׼䣬һͻȻðһΣյ뷨鲻飬ԼʧҲǳǵġ
סֲɵļˮеǰһʱԺжһ


219 
ڶ񼯣16ɷϼƻ
誽ı·Ȫго͸ˣŹڵϣʲôعˣܵͼء
Ƶѥͣǰһֻÿʪ̧°͡
ڲòˣݼ¡
誡ŮǱжÿ١ԺŮӴɡ
Ѿʼˡ
ȴѵ£޲αװ֮Ҳͻ㡣
ɫѾɷףֻҡͷỹǿƲסӯ˫ۡ
Цɿ誣ڵʰʰɣˡ˵뿪
Ǵ˿̵ȴߵ޷ڴͬһ̾ͻϢŹȵڻ䣬ʹ˻˰죬Ǳ·ȥ
ոճȥͿɫѿܷꡣ
˫ֱֱĵܷȴۣǰ㣬·ʪˣȥ·ɡ
ܷ꣬ΪʲôȻ֪װһбͷΪʲôܷô޸ƭһֱܻð
ܷһ߷ȥһ㣬ңǸױҵģʲô취ֻ׵ġ
ܷ˵ĺԼһжӸԣ課ɵĬһЦҶˣҲ͵𣿡
ܷ˲Ĳ誣ֻܵǸ׵ľҲġȻѾף͸֪ѾΣӱܾͻң˵Ҫңôܺأ
ܷȻЩΣǲԼˣ¸ҿ˵ǺլŮˣֻҪͱ빬ʱΪ̻ʺɵж¡Ȼϵһѡ誣ΪҪȥأ
Ŀܷһۣ˵е
ʵ֪ܷϾھͺñվͬһĵˣվܷǰ棬˹Լˣмľܷܷ꣬ȻԸ㿪ĺ֪꣬һԸ⣬Ͱ׶Ըܷ˵빬誻ܱɣ
ܷҲվǴ誻ص䡣
һݣ誾ͷ׼ŮװһС
誳һʪװûб·ɻЩδФƯκȹĵ׹Ԩԭ
Ҫʲô
ոձ³ѯҪҪҹµͷˡԡܷ
ԭûҪֱӰһ
誵ٶ£ȴһֻܻϢԼǿ
㡭
ȥ
ܷγȥŹϣǲ侲һ׵ʹ⴫
誣ңΪϣҲͶ·ˣֻиȻڻѾ֪ŮˣҲزȥˣϵӣӦöܸȤδһжõģҲƫִˣΪŮ͸ľǶǹڳ磬ǱҲΪˡ
ʹѣκ鶼׷䣬־Ҫһ㽨ҵԸȻҪܾԸȨͻȨȴ˵һ֡
ú롣
ҲֻܶڷᣬúܿЦһܿЦͷıΪŮӵ
һ̣ĺϣһָܳԲ˳ӣԲѡ񣬿Էסɡ
ûˡ
誻վ˻Ƶģߵױǰȥ·õΣһʧεļָ
調Ѫ˳㶡
ͻȻԺֳǴӪ˵Ļʱ
調ЦһͻȻ۵ӿһɹâ
ʱϱԺ͵͵ܳĻ·ˣһ̧ͷ˿ǴԺܳȻѲ飬ԽǼǰûܶãǰһСӰŰɲɵŴ·ǰߡ
ͣ·м䡣
ʧȻסһΪץˡ
̧ͷһһƿ˹
Ҫȥ㡣
Цӯӯվϣ֡
ۿٶʪ󣬳϶ȥ
ųֹϴ課ڻġˡ
̧ͷڵˣһʱȻ
ָ̧誵裬ǹ鵹ǲԱߵĳޱбһۣȴǶӵġ
ʵȪУԺͻȻֱӽŵһȪˮУǺ֮£ʱʲô컵նûˡ˴Զ̼廹βѡʱһǰ㱨˵ʢܹܵ٣ʢܹһǸӰģԡ
ȻӦʵԭڱԺǳ鰵ĽԷңͨΣٶԭĵڵĳ顭ֱô
ǳȴ·֪ô£һ֮²ףԭڳͼһЩСìϵĵʱͷϵĳЩ㡣ԭûгĿϻǻѡ誡
ǴͷβˣϾԤˣȻ誡
ǵ濼ǣ빬ʱϿ϶ӵ誷չıɺӸѶԸǰٺһ
ԭУΪ課빬ֻһ㱻빬ʽ̼ɣϣǼϱԺ֮ߣмƹסѡ񡣱Ͼһ˵ͬʱȴһǿĵˡ
԰˵ڸøԭһֹϱԺһУ誵ļֵӵ£а㷭ᡣ
֪ЩˣԾӶȽӦ֮ߡҲ̫鷳ΪòһΡ
黹課ҲӲԪ̣ˣԭ̣誸ˣ⻰Ρ
һͺˣ誵ĽǶʧȥһξĻƵģŪʮ־ᡣֲǿдųȥ˵ͨġ
ϾһθһβͬһԶŮԵǿȣųȥӢ۾һΣʵ۲ӣʹٶˣҲͼȥǿһŮ˸ϴǻʵҪʲôŮûУ㿴ˣҲǸŮȥԲôȰ˵ֻҪ課ͷ˵һ䲻Ը⣬Ͽ϶ֱӾˣ˷ʱ䡣ԭҲչġ
ѡȨʵ誡ԭеĳֻƺ϶ӵһˡһΣһʼûи齨ȻûˣȥȥȻѾǹؼؼ誡֪ԼǾûʸԤ˵ѡ
˵ģ誴ӦΪ϶սɻǵжԷ
Ǵһġ
ôɳ֪ʲô誺񣬺ܿͷӦ˹ɫŵ
ҲŲµˡ
̫õ˵ǰѻһ˶ˣĲС
ɫ˰ס
Щģ͵ӱͦõģԸͲҪǿԼ
̧ͷһۣʵոӳʱҪȥվǷˣ˵ϲ˻п߲飬ֻԼʱˣûʱΪûøôѡֻϢ޷侲ѡĻ
ҵıģҵıʲô֪ԴԳ˵
ΣȻԭһҲԼֹǣûгļ룬޷ϵѡ
飬ʵ˵誽ûӰ죬Ͼ÷ĹѾˡ˽䣬Ҳȷͬ룬誵ˣĿΪ˼
鿴̾һˣ϶ķ䡣漴͸߼һһص㣬תȥ
ɻҪȥʲô϶ķ䣿
Ҳ֪ҪȥǶԼǵ飬˵Ͼ˼һ᲻ӳģо̫òƵġ
ĵ誻ӳͳŵӮˣΪ誽
Ҳûлش誣ֱԵ誣֮ǰ͸㽨飬ҲͬĽ飬߰ɣ뿪
һ㶣漴˲ǿϾ˵ֿΪ˿ǵĻп壬ԹһοͲš
ŶΪΣ侲Ӧԡ
һЦûΪʲôҪ
΢΢仯ɻĿų飬⻰˼誽ΪҪְ֧誾ʵѡʡΪ£Ӧþϵ˼ɡԭľô˵ģѲ飿
鿿ϵᣬպÿļϣЩĵ˵ǷҪŮܷ˳Ŷԣֱּ빬ͺãԼãһĸҲĺҲƫƫķʽûϳôһȦðű¶ܻŭϵķգҪѡ㣬鷳𣿡
ǡΪԾ󻼣ǵʱŮݹҡұøӦ󹬵Σաɫ𽥿հףȴΪ硣ûɹֻſھʣΪʲôȥ
ȴöǣǿϾ϶ðû֪࣬ƶϲᷣǣһɹˣô˵ѱء
ǣһɡ̵Ŀ誣һں󹬣һǰŶģȴܷȥȥνȴȥɣڶˣҪûһվסŵɣǺܻ𣿡
Ѿȫųˣ誣ͷ誵ɫѾȫȥȻ֪϶ʲôɣΪʲôϴġ
ʲôɣ
ˣͻῴǵʱߣǻ㰲źá鲻˵ǿϢ
ɫ·Ҫˣ誵ë̺ţ֪仹ĺ誽ë̺ʮֽ˰ڽ֪ʲô


220 
ͣ£нһƬӣ誵ɫ𽥵ı仯ƺʶ
ǣСʳ顣
Ӧ常˽լ
ֱͶ調ڵȥɡ
˵꣬һ˷Χǽ
һȥԺжԵľ常ɨһ常վԺжµ˵Ի֡
ɫأſΧǽϣޱš
Ҳ֪ǱôˣҰˣҲӲˣ治һʱ򹦿һ񣬻˻ϣҪ˵ǵͲðʲô̳ˣŮȨģ֮ǰǼ鷢һŮӲʹôί˵Ļ֪ѾȫԼδϵȨˣ˵ʲôޣҪִԲѵĻҪ䵽һŮ죬ǲЦأҺȻ򡣡
誶ܹĿ࣬ЩģҪ˵ңǵܸүһӣҲ·ڻί誶
һ㶣ͻȻڸ常Ի˾ȻĸףԶڽ飬ĸҲǴͷβ֪ģĵһǿʼΪ֮ٻĸ׻
ĿЦͿ˴˳һ˲䣬誵ͫȻһӵ쳹Ժӡ
誻ӲĿǼ´ĺӣųпԵɣܵһ誵ǰ
˸ϽѺӽȻĿѺӴߡ
ǺһߣɫͱˡǸŮ˴ɾ𣿡
үɩݣȥĸӣ輧ôҲǸһӵĴ󹦳ǲǻ𣿡
ɫѿүκõʱѾˣҲֵͼūΪ¼̳ˣɾԺҪЦġ
үҲ˵С˼ģ׿ϣҿ϶ˣ誽˵ĸһʵֲɣٰ⺢ӽӻϣڣʱߵҲȵһЩЦ˻Ϊɿ빬ǸǼҶӻᵱ̳ء
̾һү֮ǰ誶̫Ȩպ誶ʹó̳˵λҲܿձҲڷҪ빬
ҲίɣϵӣδĺӿܻΪ̫ӣǻΪۣɾ̫ˣǿûпⱾŮõˡ
˵ĶԻźڸҵɣһȥˣޱͬĿһԵ誡
ϲûʲô飬ֶϱڿһ㣬˵Ļš
Χǽ棬Ѿȥ
ɵˣΪǿ󣬺ԼĵܵȨΪ֮ǰǱֵ߱ǿƣǾȨҪ̳˾͸һˣ
üûжⲻǳΪˣһʼ뷽跨Ӳ誾죬Ϊ˽誽뵽̳˵⣬Թ⺢ӣֻԼһܵܰˡȻľΪϼסһʹŮˣмǿĶ϶ҳ϶ȸߡ³Ϊ˻ӿҲΪΪϣΪܱܵݻ
ѾԿðˡ
Ե⽵ٵǿһӾͲ誵ˣʼıˣ
ͷĮĽǶȣ
̧ͷ誣֪ʲôΪԹߵоѾҪըˡ
ԭûᵽΪ誰˳飬ͻϲìܣҪõӣԳû˵ںӳ֮ǰϾͱˣ˵Ҳˡ
ڡͳΪѹ誵һݡ
һͻȻʾƺҪȥ
Ӧˡ
ЩĲ֪Ҫʲô
誴Ҳ֪ԼҪʲôֻǿ常뿪ĸ׵ȥˣҪ
һǱڡ
˵ֻһոֹͣĺӡ
Ϣ˺ߣͷţ漴̧˺ӵ
һڷϿһţһҪɱˣʮ֪òֹǱҲûǰ˵
Ǿʱһˣȴˣֲֻ˲亢ӵա
ͻȻһд˳һƿ誣ıסӡ
誶ôոҪ㡭㡭
誸оǱᴩƵģĿ˸ˮ⣬ȴĸΪһɱҵܵ𣿡
㡭֪ˣɫ˲ˣε誶룬⡭ԭġ
ʵĸףҲģǡȴԸάϧƭԨ˵Һֻ֮һҪֹ𣿡
ŵȥ·ǰѾŮǺˮһ㡣
誶侲׵ܵܰ㸸ΨһѪУ㸸ױˣ촹ôһӵģ㲻ô˽
誳Ĭˣû˵
ȴΪȥˣ͵ǶһˣȻҪ໥֣㸸׵ϣҲδ誶֪ԹԺģ㡭͵ܳǱԺǱߡ誶㸸һаŶΪ˴Һã㡭㻹ǸϽȥɡ
Ϊ˴ҺãǺǣҲԸ빬Ըأ
˼䣬һΪѵĿ誡
ͻȻǰһŵòͽ˳ȴͻȻ£˫ƽڶݣһ¡صĴ
誶ǡ
ĸףΪܵŶл誳ĸҲؽţ޹ҲԺӶ֡
һ룬ڨЦ⺢ŵˣ㿴㣬·ôͰ͵ģǲʪˣϽһȥ˸Ū
˵걧źӾߣûκζ˵ҲûбֵĶӡ
˳ŲãϷһһȺΧˡ
Цһ߰ɡ
ȵү½ץ˵ʱѾûˣүͷԺеˡ
˱źһãȻڵģģǲˣϽȥҰɣүǱû⺢ӡôôԣȻǰˣŮô治ġ
ЩȻҲΧǽ誵ĶС
һûֱͣһ뿪
һ誾ȻڵҪ뿪лҿ࣬Ҫʲôֱԡ
誽գŷ·һͻếޣԾǿţ˼佾ǰᣬԽѹԽҪһ˿ס
оѹֵҪɤˣһʱû˵顣
Ӧ㣬Ȳ˵ɡߣͿԡ
˵һȥһƫԶ֪ۡǳԼլӣƽʱһЩرԺ飬Ҳʱ£Ů˷㡣
δҪԽͻ϶һͲĴ
ǰȻưͣɼжСģֱŮȥϴһҲǸ誶ԴĻᡣ
Ȼһȥ뿪ǵ̶Ҫһˣߵʱ·
ųɵİһУ°ͣԼȫ̶ڻΪԤıء̶Ӷýˡ
ºȲ裬ԭΪҪȺһʱ䣬û誳ˣֱ˲衣
誾ȻŮװġ
ͨŮӷ٣бһŵɫĽȹĵƤʤѩ촽棬üĿ续
誺ܷǶһӢɵһ˲
ҲΪȣüôŮװ
ŵŮŵùֱȻͣˣΪŮȻ͸׼Ůװ
ȥŻڵΪأ
ҿûй򡣡
˵ɳƣ۾ҲǺ׵ģȻѾͷŹˡ
ȵ£˵˰ţȻµݣǻᱸã̶һ·ȥܶطԼҪͣˣƾı£ﶼܻȥȷҪһУ뿪
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ѾΪһˡ˵ǲҼ˷ʱȥ
課˼ûϻΣĸ׹ݵǿͰԼаˡ
誳ĬһͿ˳顣˵ɣҪʲô
ֱӵҸˣӦ˰һζѡ
⻰Ŷ죬㲻ҪҸ۵ʱ򣬶Ҹ۵ʱʲô˵ǲѾˡ¸ոشƺҲӦκ⡣Ҳûϵڰ˸кθɡ
ǲ͵ˣͱˡ鵹Ҳ̹ϡ
Ȼ֪˼߲ߣѾû˽ϱԺ̼ɺӣ˵ˣӡ
һͻȻڵ
΢΢üʲô
Цָͷһ𣿡˵žóһƱ
һ׼Ҫ͸誵ģϾ޷ˡ
ǳ˵課Ҫ˺һ
û뵽һС
һʱסЩ޷ŵĿų顣
ãˣ¶λáҡ
漴ȻһЦûʲôãݹһȻ֪㲻ԼԿҵȷҪл
ֻ˵лʱȴǿŪоƺеĹͶͷƵġ
ˮȣ˾ͱ߳Աǿ𽥻ָ
һ誾Ҫһװ»ϣ̶ҲһЩ
±˵誣ԺҪαװ𣿡
誷·ֻдװһ㣬ӦûһֱֻװҲԼ飬ǱŮˣʲôˡˣ;ֻҪ뽨ҵֻܵһˡ
뷨ĸΣֻܵҲĳһ죬ǽȹҲʲôʲôϾŮҲ
課ǵһ˵ƵĹ۵㣬һʼֻǸûõ竣˵ֻǽڣ˰ˣǽˣľŮҲһɾͣ¡
ͻȻЦһˣһЩ뷨ĸڣ˵
ѯʣüͷʵ˭
ȻЩϰԹ˼ɵ飬ܿȻȻǡ̫Ԫȼ
һ㶣εĳһۡ鵹ǰһ˲Щ
ȴԹԵĻСʱһ˵ľۻУ̫ӣʱ֪˵ʲô⣬̫ͻȻᵽһ۵㡣
˵Ůв֮ʿҲĶ࣬ںլ̫ϧδҲӦÿԲƾ٣ڳã̤սֻҪ룬ֻҪ͸ɡ˵ͻȻЦˣ̫Ԫȼ˵ĻȺ۵ҲΪܣ񶨣һȺȴ˵̫ӡ
ҵʱΪԾʵҶԵ̳ȤģҲãǶԼŮʼոо󣬵̫ӵһϯҷ·𿴵ʲôϣһ㡣ʱ룬ٵȵȣȵ̫ӵǻ˵һҲļ̳һƴ¡ֻϧûȵˡ
ľѾ仯˿еԪȼʱ̲סźܼʱ˵ԪȼͺˣȻ͸̲סڵĳ顣
̲סĵļ¶ͿڵڣһվڵߣȺˣ˵ԶǶԵģҵ˵һ
ڰһ˲㶵ĿǼᶨı飬̲סЦůůģ·һվߣΪƵġ
漴Ц԰ôûΪԼ˵һء


221 
ٽŹرյʱ䣬̶ԹһˣһҲǱߵϢ
Դ뿪֮ûãϾˣ֮ϾͿʼѲ誣һ߳ŭĸо
û뵽ǾȻ͵ж֮˳ǣ̲סյĶߵ⣿
޹İ취
Լĵˣ˼ܸоǳġ
ЦðɣǴģˣ԰æ
ʲôģ
Ƕ߲߶ѡֻʱ課ߣעһҪ
ʱϹһ£ǲǻȪ飬ϾǱˣܱҺñˡ
ҪȻʱԼܸоʲôΣյ飬ʱŭ˳飬ƱһٶСġ
ʧЦˣȻҪ͵ˣһӴкտһµġ
鷳ˡЦЦ
ΪҵҲܼ򵥵ĸߣֻװһ£϶ңαװɴֲڵĺӳԭ課û뵽ģģ̶ӵ˶Сֵܵûô࿹ˣ²ǽүͳɡ
Ͽǰףһ·˳硣
ĿһۣеŮ˼Ҳڲأһ㶣ע⵽ֱǰվࡣ
ע⵽ЦһȻ󿪿ڵ֪ûлټһһӼסģĺܺá
ɫ΢䣬Щε誣òҪ˵
ϧǸ䡣
ò
ͻȻ˺޷գʱõҪ誣ȴһɿˣ·ֻһййߡ
調ȻһЦʵͿˣͳǲǶ䣬֮Ȼݲ±˵ķΧһƵģһʼעҪΪ˲ܵ˶һ飬һĶõὫϲԶء
Բ㡣лл㣬ң˺أټˡ
ųӻ뿪Ϊпû뵽İˣ誵ĽҲ͸ıˣĺ󹬡ðһ֮ǰãĪе飬ϾԼҲţܸоһеļӸС
ո˼Ӧǡ
̶ӶûӰˣҪ᲻ãոյĻû˵ꣿ
ͻȻһԲõ˼
ЦǸ̾һ¶ѡ
ɨһۣҲûж˵ʲôǶ䡣
ֲֻ˲ոձգڲã֮ԭλҲһ¡
ʲôʤ
һֱǹΪֻоɵĺЦڿż֮˵ζ±Ƶġ
Ҳ߻س̣·ϻϵʻ
ֻϧʱѾˣЩҲҲˡ
ڶտʼоŴɺӵĶУ飬˸ոձعգѡڹе͵أջʵ۳ȥϱԺ顣
ȥϵĵطȴûи˵˶ʱǱߴϢ課ˣϵѰҡ
ö˶һˣôܲˣһҲֱӰϼ̳˰ɡ
ʱɺӻû뵽ԤŪʹ飬ϾǿҪŪһֶһҲ϶ѡܷꡣ
ǾʱǷڻ޵С̫һ𾪲ѵĶ
Ϊʲô誵ڸʵ޹ĸǡӴ󾪡
ĶȺģҪҸŮˣҪˣķŭ
ĸ˼ǣ誸ʣӲŵ
϶գǸС˾˵ʲôʧ٣ҿǱˣǵһʵʱ֤ݣý빬УСǣǻûأͱıôࡣ
ӷӦǱùǺ誻ǴԼߵģˣԭ⡣ĸףǵóѰ񸸻Ѿˣһ
ҲΪ£ɴŭ
ҽڰԼߵĸ빬֣ʵҲõϢԭһӣ課üαװ˼̳ϣȻͿ빬ƾԺ󹬵˽ǶıͷԣƯҪס򵥲顣
ǶˣҪԼĺ׼һˣɱƽʱìܸأѾһսˡ
ȻԴУû빬Ƿѻᣬʱϵ϶ҲڹǱҪǿʹûдɺӵĵλҲԲᶯҡ
߻ڽͷö誣µͱ˷۱ϾҲˣµﻢ£ֻܾԱڲĻսǽǹٸУԶڹյҲȼ롣
ڰĳϺͽó̻ˮĳ飬һѸ˥ܣ汻ȻعʱڲѾǧٿˡҪͷ͵ʱһٱűȥ˴¡
ҹʵۡ
Ͽ֮ŭѣץˡ
ʱ򾩳ǵ˲֪ԭȥֵ÷зĴ¥ﾹȻҲйأϿܲĻϰ塣
洫ĺڰһŲҵһֱСǳͻϴѾɾˣ϶ǲ֪ģпܾڲдľٱš˫ΪǶԷΪŪԼϧˣìܾ͸ˣ±أҲҪԼĹϵԷͷϿۡԭֻǾٱû֤ݣºˣ֤Լˡ
ԭǿռƵģɺ֪϶̬ȣŵú޲ùڲţװȫ֪¼ҪƲϵȻͲȥ󷿡߻һţȫ˶˵ͷϡ
һȫ¶Ķдն˷߽
߱ǣԪɢֻܿסǱ˳
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Ͱ˷ֿж뿪Ѻ
˱Ŷӣſ޺۵ܷио´˴һ޶̲סۡӵͷһúչˣĿ뿪
ڶգʣọ̈̄ԼֵܱĹһѹˡ
ǱҲûʲôˣµΪƽˡôߵһΪ˱סȨǿȡ
֪лǰˣ˳ˣ˵ڻиܺùʲôûС
˵ڵĻ𣿵˭Ը⿶ԼеȨƷָƽ˭Ըⱻʱû˵ӻȻǶܹҪҰʱ򡣡
ûҲͷ𡣡
ǶˣȺǻţһöûС
ڿˣûµģȻصգһ誣һжܺġ
ԡǺǲģһܡ
˶
ʱĲǵˣʵ誣ΪǾö課Ӳźߵһ
ֲòϣڣϲˡ
Ū誣ҲŪϳưԵĻᣬŪ˶Ψһܡ
˰յռǻλƵȻ֪ͣˡ
ֱǰкžˣ˸Ͻȥ鿴ȴ˱ҵ졣
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ŰµĿ·һ߾ʬ壬ѪѾ½Ⱦ죬ֳֳǹǰֻɨһۣʹ뿪
ΪԼῴϵˣȴ뾹ȻĻߵһة϶ˣ֮ʲôԹҪϾɱ
ԭԴ˵ӡҲǶıԣǸıʿȴһɱеɱ·ܻʵʽĿꡣ
Ϊʲô֮ʲôѪ
ʲôû˵ֱˡʮϽϡ
޺˻оԼţǻĽҰ룬ֻҰޡ
ߣȾңҲҪʲôҶŬǵģˣɺǱҲԸǽףֻҪ
һҪȷȫȥ뿪ЦһҲ
ŵĿһ·Ŀһ㣬һſڵȥɣǰڵµء̫ӵԸҲûʲôñԹİɡ
ʱ˫һɣΪżҪɳˣþתͷԶߵİˣţԪȼˣȻû
ߵһʵ̫ӵµıȻѪծѪⶼǡӦ
Ѿ߷ʡֻԼһļ˻ܲƽգҲˣڵµֱҰ𽥱ڣʵߵġ
һӸǲͬԡ
ԣҲ˵޹֮˶ɷŹǳûˡ
һΣѪζƣĻʹѾκκۼҲ֪ȥʲô
ԺѾʾɡǵ1550Ѿﵽ80%ĸһ
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ǴǻȴУֻӹؽ˸
Ҳһ㴥˻Ȩ棬϶Լ׶ӸϾɱ
ԪǶԴвǾͱŷڱӣŪӽӽħɹҪɱ
Ļ̽һΣӵӣ;ӦѾˡ֪Ԫǵĥ»á
ɣĸѾ򣬱ù׹ݺʹ֮£ȴ鰲˰ɱˣΪҪ࣬ԲóϸһУûֻܻһС
ֱɱ׽ڴûϺ誣ɱݺټ򵥲飬ĻᶼûУͱηɱ
һɣսᡣ
̶ӴϢֱӸǵĿĵأ¹誾¹⣬ȵ̶Ӹպ뿪
Щ֪Ρ
ȴ誵ӽ֤ٹϣΪ˱Լܣ課Ż¹ΪֻǱߣֻҪȥϽԶ֪ϵϢ
ʱʮ£յµš
Ȼп誵Ϣ
ΪϲܳĶнύ誶ΰºɶıƣϾⷽó֮ŷʶͬˣͽֵꡣµ˵·ѾʲôƵġ
̲סЦż·ǳѹıʾڴܳٽʹһģǹҵ̫ӷҪԹɾͲˡ
¹̫ӣԭУٽǳ𣿻˵Ǳ壿Ҫ˵һǴ̫ӣͿɵżһࡣ


222 
ԺȪڣһߺȾƣһ졣
¹̫ӣǣǣҴ̸ҪǴսʱ򣬸߾֧Ԯ󵹸꣬յʱΧݴǵһ·¹ӵİݴǵĶ顣ʱǰǡ
ԽͷСӵʣȻǲ֪ﻹһܹܵŰɡ˵ԼҶԴܳİɱָܹ֣ܳݴǵֱӹϵˣܹǲŹġ
ˣôһڣٽڣԭһ㷴ӦûС
γֻпһˣǰǸûԭг
ǸɵжԣΨһڵĺۼӦԭæȨʱŪġ
İȻԽ仯Խ
ôʹڹ̫ӣܹܾɱҲﶯְɡʵ
Խʼ˭֪ϾܹǸӣ˾ǰ̵ס
˵Ҷ붯ˡ
ͻȻ鿴żʱ飬ѵҲԸһǻӣûҪˡ
¹˭ص㣬صԽͻȻ˵
ٽڣܳʵ۵ÿʱ򣬶ʹǰףءÿ˶ͬһǰύʹ
ǽ꣬һֱܳйϵҲĻǼΪҪʥŮ
ʥŮУоܳеƣݵλӸһЩռǲԣеְԱ˼ǹ
һʥŮƺž֪϶øйϵˡ
˵ʥŮĵһˣŮ·ƣһֱսֻϧֻûʵȨҪȻʹܳҲһֱսҡǰȥʹʹʥŮһ棬Ӵ˾ͺ˼գԣʥŮ䣬ܶҵˣ˵һʥŮվµһƽʱֶ棬鷳û뵽ξȻҪ̸ˣһʥŮգǴӡ

Խأһϡ
Խȴһ㶼飬Цô㲻˵˼ʥŮһ˼ƣһʱһʥŮ˼Ǵܳˡûֵܵù˼ء
ʱʾðʱϸ
ԽΣյ۾
˵ͻᶷ죬ѾϰΪˣһʥŮò뵽ͷβûбòӰĳ飬еȫͬ᲻ע⵽ʥŮϾ˵˲һԡھŮеľ֮κһ·˵÷չɰϵһγ߻ĵ·ѾߵļŮɫʥŮпܵĶˣȻԭĽЩ
ž͸оԼеĪȻΪһûмˣֵֹ飬ȻԹԵĲ
ˣȥҳɡ
ǼͷѾ׼ˣȻȥˡ
ԽֹͣĶ죬߰鲻ľشǱҩԡأȥҲѲһȾư
Ѿ·
ˣѾеˡ
·ҪѩҲɡ
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ԽΧˮϲͷֱ֮Уѹƺ߳ɳ
̡󽫾ôôиɾѲɡ뵽ܿµһˣ˷ܵģ
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԰˷ܵģ
Խͷ˻һۣǴʵڳ˹ûκµĽǻȪˮĲ
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㲻˼ǰϾͻȻԽתֱӰԽգֻʸϣŲڵȪء
𡭡Խ̬ԽµģϾйʧصľֻҪӴ㣬ͻ˲󽫾ȴеȤζøôơ
ֱӼԽ˲Ҳײˡ
ˮ˶ȥ˻ȫעֱһƬѩƮ䣬ԽĴϣͷȥѩ
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һߣҩ®ѾһСʱˣҲģҽ飬ʱʱĿı飬ﰲ⣬ֱľشȡ룬黹ڻԣЩǡ
ľشĹȡ
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ľشȴû취ʦҪȬԾֻ취ˡ
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ˮҪˣ㱧ʦֳɣסɱůֹͷɲܷ纮ܵġ
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ԼĶܿס
Ǻܿ춨ͱˣؼλоԼе㿸סˣһ̧ͷԼǰȻѾƲߣֻӲСŪԼе˷ˡҺóĻˣҪȻϣĻ޵ݡ
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ֻӲͷƤϣţҲٵһЩ¯
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¯Ӷ٣ǵóÿηǺʱȻֹˣǶౣůһ㻹Ǻõġ
أͻȻ־ͱץסˡ
ԺۿϰԵķ͹˲ʾ
硭
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գգصƤ᲻ñֱֱۣĿ
ľش˵ˣģ˯ɡĳϧѡ
ҡе

ߣߡһ䡣
ûпڣͿֳŲס˯ˣȴûɿ
䣬Ѿˣǿĳ飬ȴԾŬץ
߶һٱ飬ԼҪռˣȻѵۻ˴˯˳ߡ
ͺܵϤһУ˯Ҳ̲סתסĻСΪˣ̬仯ˣһĺ޷洿࣬ǻһȻĻȡ
ȶóϷű죬촽Ǻġ
һж˵գſԾһƬհףعʱѾƬŴ˫֮ϡ
һϽ뿪ȴƲԼ壬٣̧ۿ˿飬ֶԷȫûзӦ
а̲סһ·ĺסζԶſˣ·һμ硣׹ܶΣ༤ҶУһ֮£ȴо
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ⲻ׾پ߽˵ʶ˷
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վһأоڳ֮Σ۸ˡһ֪һ
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Ű˯ŵĳ飬ǸʥŮ飬üͷ΢΢
˼ҹΣ˯УȻμ˳ӵʥŮܵĻ棬ʵ̫ߣͳ˹ȥס˳飬治ķйԼĲʡ
ͻȻһƺߴ
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ˡ
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磬㡭
˵һ޲ԭرըϽ˳ǹ̵ĸоȻѾһƬʵһʧȥǡ

ҡΣҡ˯Ϳ
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ֱܵһûС
Ҫȴûֻ֪ܵѾ磬ĴԼҪ𡣡
סǰ棬ȻҲ̼Ĳᣬ޲һͷײһ¶ֻεİæԼˣ̫ˡ
ȴ磬û㣬㡭⣬ûϵ
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ЩЦҲ֪ոǿбסϡͿӰŪѣȻֱ˭
һָо̫΢ˣŪĳ鶼ɬѣʱôûиоôŤء
ΪԭһûУҪΪҲ÷ʱƿֻ۸ȴһʡ
ԺҲҪʱ򡭡
ٶ룬һţһ̲ס˿
ͷҲ˳ͷУ̲סᣬһڲٰ;ϣ̹һΣһûˡ黹ˣˡ
ε꣬ƣҪ˯ȥ
ٶȱϴ󣬳鿴Ŵ磬ѩˡ
šǣһֱ¡
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˯ˣϾ̫ˡ
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ԳҪܶ׼һҪǰĻҪĻӶѹԪǣܹ̻ʺ÷ֱӳͻ
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ϹϵϵĻʹ͸߰޴ɣֻɩϵĳ̻ʺ÷ûϲΪ˴ʮжȣһ涼ӣ丸ةڳ͢ͷѾܱȡ
Ϊĸ֪Ů˵֮ǰһԼӶܺ˺ﵽĿˡ
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Цݣҵ˭ںԭ㣬ǡ
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νˣҲˣȤ˫˫˵͵ĳţʱҲᱻǣңͦõġԼֻ⸽һ˶ûУӦöˡֱ¶ݵЦݣ·ҪվԱ߿
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224 
һܵĿ飬һͷúݣ
˵תʹֱ߳Ӷ
أʵʵѾԼǱƭˣҲЩ֪ʲôݴǵܣǿһ˿ԣԸƭҲǺǵģԭﲢǱҪĶ֣ĸݴǵˣһϧһдҪ
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ǲһӦͻȻ𣬡Ԫȼߵˣ㵱ҲڶУ򡭡
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ֻϧĴԼԸġķʽΪкβɣֻҪԸС

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ҪܣǾ֤ԼҪ飬ȻȫԵעҪҲעҪΪɱ
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ʱһΣٽڻգʹ½һǸպڹ⣬Խ˷ܵһȥĶǣȻʥŮĺѾԽȲˡ


225 
ʥŮҲиӡĽɫһΪĴܸ׷ϾһĵоһڶŮɫеһŮˡ
ԸʱֵסվҪֱͣף޹һ裬ϾʥŮִ֮ġ
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ʥŮû뵽ҪͬʱԸֻǻ޵ķʽȵʥŮУȴĴ̿ͰɱĹͷŵ֪ձİǺûоǵΣԼݵķʽӱֻԼ
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ʲôҪɱĲԼҪػĹҲǶ˵һѶѡЦһʵڻĽΨΪ͸١Ķ󶯣ӹ𣿡
ʥŮȰ˵Ԫȼȥĳޣʱ˵Ļԩԩ౨ʱˣֹɸֹɱ¾
ʥŮΪԼܸȾ̻ħͷŸιӥľĸԸĹˣȴԼᱻһƷζޡ
ʥŮѪöپŮ˵ĶʹûģֱҲˣκηת߾ҪһڵףͷʥŮʥĸɫҡֺ˭ء
ʥŮзԵģǹûʵ֣ϵй޹յĲҶѹ̫Ԫȼ˵˻ܻͣϾʱԪȼȻûзԣȴӵһʾġ
ϧǱԪȼͼ̻ע˱ҵ³
ĳӻʻǵĴ֣߾˶ĳޣûоսϴľǰնǵĺӡ
ǰһ磬ֻмһɫĴͳܸۡ
ܿɫɴƮһֵİŮӡ
Ůͬһһм䣬̬¶˷ֻǿΪɴñµİɫɴӶһֱڵ򦣬ԼԼֻܿòһǣȴ޷ӡ
ᵽ˻ʹһֱɴɡԽΪź˵
ӦþʥŮı־ģĿɨ飬ͻȻĿһ١
ҲµһʲôӣͻȻһʵôˣ
΢΢ü߲ɵĶһϡǸЩ졣
Ǻ\ʥŮרŵĻϻڳΧŵɴñʥŮƣסֻǺɫģ׹ѻװΡ
ԽĴ̫壬оûɶرĵط˵òǵսϼ˰ɡ
Ȼʶȵ˹ܽ뿴ˡ
ŶԶȥҲջߡ
أֵ
԰Ǽһ︺Ӧûڶһʹ߰ôûпӰԽҲ
Ȼ֣Ҳû̽Ѱֻ뿪
ڵıһĽֵԽ˳һЩʳȥŮԣŹţԽͻȻһת˳ȥ
ͳȻҲϣһתͿԽͣһ۽ſڣڵץһӡ
СҲҼʥŮû۽ץҰɡ
ҲʹʲôݣȻǵĵ̾ҪǵĹأոսǾжɻͼΪ佫Щ˿ûжõ̬ȡ
Щ˱һȽʹʥҪֱȻҪģոսǾͰ·ߣ˭֪ǲϸԻһ־׷˹û뵽书ǿ˻һ׷ϡ
ôأԵĶѣǴܳĴ֮𣿡
㡭
λ˵Ĳԣ޹زɷԲǴܳкÿ֮Ҳܲסǿ֮˵ǵ֮ǰ涨Ѿںõģ֪涨»Ϊ֮򣬾˰գҲǻ׷׵ġǡɢˣ֮Ȼƽϣλһ£ʥŮΪѶ
ԽЦݣ˹Ļļ
俴һۣĳȻ
ո⻰˵ĺûйصҰƵģǵΧһ󳰷
ԽˣθߴȻ䣬źñȻģòȴԽΪȣѵʥŮߵĺҪѡúÿĲɡ
ɫɴסһſ٣ʮԣǲͻأ˫۾ȻӾϱɴָҲ׾ٵıסĿ⣬Ƕӵʱ޷ѹȸ
һӾܸоԷжΣա
ԽȻܵĺһײϣ䵥ַסֵĿԽ
ҲŭЦ֪λǡ
ԽӦѹȸУ΢΢üԺԽ
ԭԽˣʥŮߺҵĲǣһоʮʺ棬ûסҸλǸͻȥ
һգʹܳĹزһǵƽҲԸһϣҪܻ䡣ֿ˵Ǻ
СŵĶʳԽҲͦģ۹Ƶġ
Խͷ߰ɡ
ϣƺʮֺ˵
ֻǵ뿪ʱͻȻЦ
䲻õĿЦʲô
ͷԽһֿ˿䣬񰵲ȤζСǻҾˣԽӦþԽϵˣǽɽв˳ܼʶܳλſʮҡ
侯ĵһۣԽ⣬йҲûʲôֻϲԽ񣬺ڿʲôȤƵģﲻˬ
ʳ·ҲôأŻߣвסģҪ˵䣬ͻȻŲһ١
Ȼע⵽ˣͷȴһֱֱĿһվһȺֵˣʶˡ
ԽҲ˹ȥȺ֮Խ
ͻȻ˺ëľҪԭѾֻʣʳѾԶȥ
ΣϢ˲ó龯һӾͰס
ӭͿոµĺǷɵԼǰ
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ԽҲ󾪣ǿŻס˶Էļһ
ҪʲôԽ
ǻ˵꣬Ϳ˷·ûΧֻһ˫۾һգգĶų鿴
·ҪԵǰƵġ
΢΢۾ܸоĪš
屾ܽ״̬ĸоǳܿƵġ
ɱ֣ɱƲŻָо
ǰ˲ûͷɱȴԾһǿϢС
û˵ֻǿų飬·𲻸ţҪϵÿһϸڡ˫۾ĸüΣȻÿζͺŪһֻצӵèһִ˲ƣ
۰ĳﰡôϴ
Ϊʲô˫۾ˣĺɫôˣ
ˣʶˣ
ɡ̫Ȥˡ
壬ɻסȴЦᣬҸոλСرÿһ̲סҪսϸСҼƯġ
ͻȻһ˵˳ǰҲסļڳϵߡ
ɲʲôòΪٿСۣ
⻰һҲһ£Ǽûмôĵһոռһˡ
ΪڵòĺÿòŮżҲȻô¶ǵı
Ķŭˡ
ԼһֱԵˣ˱̫ۣҴԲѵĸ˵вĻǺþûĻˣС֪ԼĶ԰ڵڼʹأ
΢΢һЦλӺôĻڿޣôˣ˵Сӣй𣿡
Ҿǲô˵ұܡ
ܣüȻ뿴ĳȴıʵʵĵסˡ
ЦɨԽͻһۣȷʶͺðˡ漴˳ӵĲ£Ż뿪
ֻʱᣬͷĪһȻڳЦ
СﾹȻЦһ͵顣
취ĳˣȾ˫ÿ۾
ҲҪóҳ߾͵ڻָɣ˻ء
߳鿴һոδ֪Ĳ˲䱻ȡ
ӴոôˣǼһҧˣԽЦ
Ųǣ˲òնɵĺˣҲ֪ոôͻȻͼˣһֹס
ﲻòˣǿ˵Ļ𣿡ԽЦѵܲÿ𣿡
һҭͿ龹ȻҲһʵӿʱӇˡ
ÿҲ㿴ǲϲǸ˿ų񣬺񡭡ͺԼһֱǱ̬
ǣ͸һ˿ԽЦ
ҪȴߵĲ֪˵ʲôҲҿˣ˵ԼǲǱֵ̫ˣǰ裬Ҳְɡ
ܿ죬Խոջ˺Ƿ书ǿû䶼ûˣҾҲûô򵥣ĺڸʲô
ȷ򵥣һֳ¶˵ӣΪԲһƷʣһ߸ϵġɫ΢䡣
ԽҲһܰɣǹڵСʵֲΪ뿪й٣ȫ
ҲͷͬԽĹ۵㣬ĸҲ˵֮ҪС
Խ룬вҲˣϽȥ顣
Խ뿪̲סڵոաʶ㣿
ͷЦЦΪСɱءܼɡ
ݸո˿ķӦԼɽУʦү˵ڵĻ˺пʧصūʱ
˸ոյķӦȻûе˵бĿģҪȻҲҰٷְȷϾʱոճ浤ò仯޴ֳ꣬еģοʱǷӣ̬϶ȫͬģ㱻ץסİѱҲӦ֮Ҳرġ
ȴĻˣϾԭûἰģڳҲ֪ʲôӰ졣
ʹڣдʹĵطһȥ˸߲ҵİ˵飬˷أͻȻáһ¹̫Ӱǡ
ǱģĿĵȻҵˡ


226 
þòˣǵ£ŶӦ¹̫ӡЦ
һЦݵĸ񣬹£Ҫңֱȥǣᰡ
Ƕһֱǰͽ̬ȣϵķⶼҪЦˣֻ֪Ҫõ֧֣һȵǻõȺֵֵܡ
һϲŭ޳ˣҲֻ˳ӣͻȻй;ú֣ˣҪڴܳĻʹӣҪһͷģǾ뵽
˵ǵңʲôѵ顣忪˱ʲôҪ
߼Ҫ뿪ԺӣͻȻӭȻɴһϵİ̺˰ǵע
ǲľ͸ȥȴסʥŮڵأó
Żعɣ˵Ӧòܰɡ
ǵõսʱҿһҲһ˺ۣڱΧĴܳϣȻʱ꣬Ѿǵνݽˣǰ̺۵Ĺ켣ӡ̫ˡ
ҲܣΪʲôҪŵйߵһˡ
Ǹݽš뵽֮ɫ
ŵʱ¹̫һսŻսֱɱԼֵܣ˺̫֮λǻ棬ñͻΧܳݴǿ֮°ʬ˹ȥҿݴһѪߣΪݴǱɣĸϽ롣º˵Ƭսһ⣬ûĿ֤ˣҲİõļ̳̫֮λ˴£ٿһİ̺۲Ļ䡣
ֻϣһжɺϡ
ϣǾ˰ɱҲͽɱʧܣˣɱԾ
ǴŭҴܳĻʵҪ˵ȻҪ飬֮ǰ֮ʲôԹȻΪʹˣǾͱҪ֤ǵİȫοڻʹڷģڴϵ
˵һ뵽ľ񣬵û֤ݣڽƱ磬ͷβ鶼޹Ƶģ޹йʻĪ
û飬Ҫ˵ҪɱǵˣĿԼڲֵܶ԰Ҳҿ϶ֻǾôܳûñĹ
Լǿա
ŰǼһЦһϽߡ
ֻ뿪ʹݱԺʱܸоһֱڶͷȴֻһȺˣ޷ֱ棬Ҳûзϡ
ϴ֮󣬸˾棬ȻΪµ֣жԼӣܸɳ飬ɱʹԲǴ¶ȴûʮͷۣȻһߣǺ׷ɡ
ܹܣ޸һλᣬ£޾ûô˵ˡ
Цȴǹģ
ڶսĳ˵ľû뵽ô죬ǰΪһͦĵء
֮󣬾ȻЦ
ܹϰѱȥ𣿡ĵ˵ܼ꣬˺ܹһ档
ԭξеİţٽڡҲǳ鰲ߺѪԨʱ䡣ⲿּƻǲıġ
ٽڵ죬첻ͿʼææµµȲú԰׼ֻɹһ죬֮Ҳл໥
ĹҴССʮ¹󲿷ָܳЩ궼ûгͻģѺڰ
Щ˵ĹҰԭĵ˵ú󶼻ᱻŴ̤ٿڸСΧĻ䱻ѯʲôʱнڵӣ޷
ͻȻĻ֣ת߾ͿԪѾʼıݣΪһĴȻҪ֮꣬ʹνʵоڣԪӮˡ
Ļʵһ㶼Ԫ÷ԪʲôҲҪʲô
Ļӵͳֻܳο˼䣬оΪ˶ѹСƵġ
Ļջǹȥˡ
ͬʱϵͳҲ
ڶ񼯣18Ļ
ĻһȻ˵ɫò̫һҲ˽ֻ̫ܳǻϵֶӣǰλǻ֮µĵһ˳λ̳ˡ
˶һֿϷ̬һһСˡ
ʱԪǿĻԴ˵⣬ǿСӵˡ
̫Ӹ磬Ҳԡ
ԪȻЦŵ϶̼
ƷһϷԪǵıѾǲˣϾٽڻʲôǰ֪ϰģлȻѹˣҲ֪ĻһֱԼŶ̶̰»һɳ첻ɡ
һ룬Ƕ̼кľ͸һһȫģΧԭֵ˶ȵİûгɵͶĿ⡣
ԪǵɫһӺˣΪʲôĻӿԳɳô죬ʦǱ߰
ĵ׼Ĳ㡭ԪҲˣֻܴȵľ׼İ
е֣ĻӲμӵıȻǶÿףַ·ѾϣԽԽ˾̾츳ıҫˣĻӾȻҲо
෴ԪǵɫȥûٱԽԽڣŤ
͵Цųǳ̵зһ˵ֵùԪʦ
ǻַӵĹ𣿡üЦ
Ϊ˽̺úķ˺һ򣬿Ļӵıֻһɾ͸С
ΧǶʼ˽̽Ļӡ
ܳĻû뵽̫ӱö꾹Ȼ²Сͯһ
Щ츳Ҹ˵ǰЩŴʱ򣬴ܳλ˵е̫ڣӦҲ̫ܳӾ˫˵ɡҵʱǲŽһžأԱڿĻҪĶ࣬ʱ򵫷μٽڵʹ˭˲ķ۷̫ӻλ׵ܵأҲô񣬷Ļӵе˵ļˡ
Ǹ˵е̫ӣ
ɲĲˡ
ɱô˵֮󲻻һͿ𣿡
˵˲̫һүͻᰲһһٲ
ԭҪǿԪȼģžͱζͷݺݵĵһۣȺ˻ͷֹסתͷʱȴֳûǿԶͥԺһʦڸ
ôˣ
ǱߺˣȥţĻӡ鿪ڵ
֪ʦǱҲһļƻԾ͹ԹԵĵͷţŪˣȥǡ
ͷ뿪
ȳߺɻʵҸովע⵽ˣΪʲôû
͵ʥŮΪʹţһ㲻֣Żμӡ
ʥŮ˼գһ涼ûмЦ
ҲͷȷټǳǸǸֵġ
һᵽǸˣɫͲ̫ãܵĲ׷ѰıӰ
ǸСȥͤлֻԽôһϤӰ顣
ߵˣοôżֿһûп飬ĲЩȻϵͳûΣգǡ
һĻӰԼֵܱĶˣ˼ѵһ㣬Ҫȥĸˡ
ԭΪˣûзӦе֡ڲʱ򣬽˻ᣬϽĻӰոոճߵ·ƹСͤӡ
ûп飬֮󣬸ϽѯԽûпˣԽȴҡͷûп
Խһ취Ͼԭƻʦ÷ģûʦȸɻУ治̫ãȻɻ꣬ʦԸԸٸ÷ͺ˵ˡ
Խ޷ڻɣֻŴôˡ
üóͻȻӰοﻹǻʹĪĲԶȷһ³
һߣڸոǾļɽУһס죬һֱֻۺѹڳϣǿѹڼɽϡ
ꡭҿɲ㡣ЦǺ役СﰲƵġȵ鲻ֻĿʱйԼֱ۵˿ڣֱǱذ׻ƵģѪ
·оƵģչȥ˿ڣеѪСﻹôʹںû书ҲɲѱԼ˶ˡ
Ŀո·ͻȻסӦȻ֣˹˼Уͷûֻ̽һ洫鵱ҪȥȴЮסһ鼸޻֮
˵Ļʶǰ財ʱڵ
ɿ죬ս·ʵһɨųϵÿһϸڣ·𿴲ƵġûʲôҪ˵ģ
ˣ·ڿһ
ЦˣҾϲǱɺɫ͸ˣ㲻˵Ҳ֪ʵ㲻ǵˣ㲻ҿڣ˵й¶ʲôԳĬҶ࿪ڣͿȨǲҲ˵ʲô˵Ļ
鲻ɫֳĬ
ȴ˷ֱܵӵҵСû뵽ʱҲô棬Ǽ񵽱˰
ͫ΢еİѾƴȴһ뱻ץס̧𣬶˳ΣյΪ
СҪצˣǲԡĿų飬ϧڵ㶼᲻ùؽ԰ˡ
԰ԭ¡ͻȻڵ
ľϲӦô죿
ֻһ˵Ķ԰˵ʮأūؾȤÿҪϰˣҸǻ书ġ
ϵЦԽԽ󡣡벻гΨһһʮصģ㲻֪ҶΪ㽾޶ס
Ȼǵˣǵ֪Լ飬黹Ǳŭ𡣡˵Цˣôȥʲô԰ء
Ŷαװ˳飬ҲǣǰͻȻõݰˡҺܺ棬αװɳǽʲôܳķ䶯ǲǶйأԭʲôأΪʲôڱ߾սҵĵطΪôߵ书ȴûˡΪΡ
·ʮΪʲôȴó鱳
˲ףһѾһ飬еɵҲУǰ̫ӵʱ򣬾;һүʮѲû뵽ȻǼ浽ڲ졣
£ûпĺҲ²⣬ڸ˵ΪΣǱǺ⽫µġ
ӴвѽɣǴɽף㲻й¶ҵݣҾͲ˵ĿôЦ˵һ漸أģȻˣҲǿдģһ뿴
˵ŻԽԽ·Ҫˡ
ſͻȻһ˵ĶԻ


227 
ֱͷƤըˣѪӿʲô˲ϵǰ壬һȭͷȥ
ȴɱܿ߾˫һܵӡ
ڳĸǰߵĵʱûдɴܿһΪ޵ݣŹԵĿһȻӵֳ˶ȻͨˣٿôϵɵƦЦֻһȭ⡣
磬û¡鲻ͻסļ
ˣո˾Ȼֱѹס飬ȥˣ̬ҪòҪסɶ
ҸոֻǸ˵仰ѣôǴܳ˶ô嶯Це˵
Ļǰȴס
۾ųζʲôϵ
ͫ΢㲻ǲ鵽𣿱ֵܡ
ֻǱֵܣüȷ鵽ˣ磬Ĺϵǲûȷȫš
ǳС֮ʵ׽ˣڱж䰮ĽܣȻƽǴĳֽǶ˵Ǳġ
⻰ʵľ˰ɡ
ȴɵ￩һ£̰ˣóǽֻǱֵܣû磬ųҪߡϻ
ȴͻȻڵӣɣǻкܶ໰Ҫ˵ء
ɨһۣû˵ĽŲȴסˣתͷ
ұûʲôøɵģٿ֪Ҵ򲻹㣬ƴһҲֵʲôá
⻰˵ʮ棬ܿŭ¶ġסˣһ£漴ȤĴһ¶顣ľһС֡
ȴûΪı鱻ŭֻǣס֣뿪
߳ɽ֮ߣżѯʵû۸㣬û˺㣬ûʲô㲻飬ǵ̻򲻹С˾ٴ򲻹Ǿľش¶޻ء
Щ㶵ĿӸոźݻʱˡȥŪ˲ů
Ψһһһֻ뱣ί˺ȴδҪӻˡǱȽǿǸǱܵĺ޵Ҫ
ʼʶһʱ򣬳ĿĵģΪϲԲŻֺ־ÿеֳԾǺ֣ľǱܣ·ĴڣŬı
˵ģûҲƴһҪš
ϵвԳȴı
΢΢һЦЦ崺磬һӾˡ
˶࣬鲻̫දֻǷֵֽû£û¡˵ģĸǣǵĵϣ޻ء֮ɫ΢΢ȻҲ۸ġ
ʱڼɽȴû׷Ϊ룬ǲܣոջذȻռҩԵģο˻޴ˣȻҲø̱һʱԾҲ¡ûȻ鿼ȫ档
ųĻش𣬶ʱһѯǸոôõ˵ʲôˡ
ʱԽҲѰ˹˾һشû˵ǵĶԻݣֻ˵ݡ
ȻôܣвɣװΪʲô
ܸϴǲϸйϵֻǲʥŮǰҪȻһʱ𡣡˵ԼĲ롣¹̫ӻҲΪҪȻƾŰǸܳĹϵӦǲҹġһֱҪͽȻܾĻᡣ
Խĥĥжڣ治ǻŻȥǲţһһĴսڴܳû⡣
ǣȻҪӦԣǲǣǻǰԼļƻߣڵ̫ࡣ
ļƻһֱȰ⣬ԭҲʹٴĳ̣޴ͬʱԸôˡ
Խ̲סԹ˿϶вɳ˲ɵ顣
ҸоϷġҲֻйעԷһ鵭лᡭҲԲһЩսࡣ
Խ뵽ֿ˵滰ҩͻȻԴˣսҲǵ֮һԽ⿪ǺܶţУҸ˵һСҪըʦǱе鷳ҿٻӣİ취ˡ
üͷ΢壬Խˣŷһֱû˵ɻĿôˣ
Ȼգʦү˵
û뵽Լһȴ鷳ԭͰ̫ӶûгֵģΨһܵӰ֮ǰկмϸ顣
ԭвûᵽ٣оһй壬ͫйս۾ָģԪȼȥʳǳţǶӵҲֱһ޷Ҳ޷衣Խ˵в
дûнġ
ȴ룬ʧٵǶʱ䣬ߴʦү϶ǱūҪҡ
Σյﱾٳڳǰģ
ˣѾա
е㲻ڵ
޷ȷϾҲǵˣ˵Ը񱾾ͲԲóжϡҡڲǺúõǰ𣿻ʲôõĵģ̲סĶ
ڳ˵ĻȻǳҲô׾ű˵ģֻҪǱ˿飬ᱣһĻɡֿͷϺһݶԳԾǹûʲô⡣
ֻϣһĲ¶ë֮ǰҪըһֵǵĳٱ
ôһŪӵɢˣĻǾöԲס顣
Ҫȥͤӣϵͳ͸µ
ڶ񼯣19ϺԽ
ʵٽڣĿľһĻӶԿԪǣóϺةڶǼγߵа˹Գǵơ
ԳǶڻϵҪѾΪ࣬ټ㣬ҲǸĳͻ÷
Գϲ÷һ㣬ʵ֪ϾԳһֱĹĸ󹬵÷ҲûٽӴةĻ׽һЩҲ⣬ϾԳǾةƼġ
ûϷԳһֱĽ÷ŲȢףԳûʲôǻϱȻҲ϶ƫ䡣
ҪľǴһûϷֵĻᡣ
ͤߣʦѾ컭ˣһλҪܶݸ壬Ͼﷱ׻Ϊ˲壬ȻССġΪ÷ˣǽбİţʦҲֻܲݲݻٻ
÷ԵĲã֮ǰǻϿڵģҲֻ
ԳļƻͲˡ
ԭʦø÷ȻĲݸãڡֻܻɱĶˣǰԳǽԸǲ˽÷
鲻֪ˮī᲻ԳǶ˼أͷһֱΧֱĶʦ
ͻȻתƻɣҿԻ
龪ü󻭣δӴôܻử߳Ҳܿһ۾ܻɰɡ
ңҿԵġᶨ
ɢҵʹǱ˻ʦĹʦź˾˯ů¯Ͷ㣬ûʦֱ˯
Ȼ˾ͽĵط
ﻭ߾ȫľ޴󻭼ɰɻ񣬶һߵĻֻܻͼɫ÷񣬴ǻʦҪָеɫⳢ
÷ǰֱ£һԵĵɫͻʾͿʼһʼЩĵĶ
ԽԽԾͱˡ
ȵ꣬һ÷ˣȻʦˮ׼ɰƷջ˻ǿԵġ
ʱ˴Ż뿪ˣ黹ץһֻèңŪһУⱻʹù
йأ˽ع˻񣬱һĻݸ嶼Ἧ١֮ǰʦʱѾѲݸ彻̫࣬ȥ١
̫ȻǺܹܵˡ
÷Ļͳٻ棬ҲԼԳںʵĵطʵʱ档
ԳţͻȻײ˶ŲݸС̫࣬ݸ廭һأԳȻһӾͿ÷ĻǱĳ̶ȶԱˮīԼֱͬˡ
ԳǵһӾͶˣ̲ס֪С̫ȥٻĵ׵аð֣æ񻭵ʱ׾پ֪ܲû˻֪
ΪԷһԳǻԸ̫࣬ĵİеĻջ˾͵ˣų׷
˵ĻԳĵ޷Ŵ󣬼ʱϵЦݶֹס
ȻȻ͸Գ˵˽ϯ飬˵ΪĻӣϣʱܻסĻӵ棬ԳǾӦȻͷӦ¡
ȵԳ֮ųȷϣ
ڹκһĵģֻз϶ԲȫġЦһ漴ü
Цƻˡ
ҪҪҽһ£Ϊʲôử󻭣
ѧǰѧԺл˵ֻЦŵ
Ҳ׷ˣǻбҪȥǱˣ֪ݵûаȫ
ڶ񼯣20»ʹְ𡣡
Ȼһ񣬵ÿǺ֮ǰͿʼ·ģҲ˺ܶæĽչԸоⲻֻҪֹΪȥ䶯ĺЧӦС
һߣҪȥ巵ɣȴĸĸ£ѾǰһҲòԼȥıǲ䣬
鵽𣿡ѪԨɱͻȻӶܸоﲻԡ
ӣѾѪԨڲûг⣬ӵĿͬȥûʲôɵ㣬ɺϡ
ɺϡ𣿡ܸоԾҲ벻͸ֻܵȥһ飬ǵǲڽ񡣡
ǣ뿪
ҪӺڰĽгͻȻоڿʱ˭
Ծûжذףɵĵط۲ͻȻʯͷӰһȻһ£ȥҪס͵֮ˡ
ȴڳֵ˲ֻһӰͱ˷ѹƶǽϣһֱֻץŰϷǽڵĴϣһֱֻŤϡ
޴ѹʵȫİϢܸоΣգëֱû뵽ڹ֮͢л˸Ҷº֡
ʲôˣ
֮û˵ֻѹץȴͣţƺҪϵƤ
ʵŭѣƴ
ͻȻߴëȻɳƵķ·ѾƵġ
֣Ů𣿡
һ̫࡭ǲŮˡ񻹸оһֱ󷽵֪
ͬһҰޣ֪߳ܡ
Դӳ֮û裬ƺҪγѪ
˾Ȼʣ֡Ϊʲô
ƴѾʵΣҲҪһеİƺƤ⣬ƺһ˲ɿ
ǵתȥʱѾûӰȻе֣书ǿ֮ˡֻ߳ŭһҪҵˡ
ǵʱȴͻȻλ˻ΣΪʲôոɳƵô񡭡Сʱ˵ĵͳߣǲ


228 
ٽϯĻӵߣԽͻҲԳӵһдУԳǵλáҲǸʹλá
ڵһλȻʥŮԼʹվźֻһرĺֱʥŮԱߣȻƺڰæ̺򣬵ôԼվ
ڳ߶ʥŮϡ
ҶܺʥŮĳ࣬ǿ˭ҵʥŮ⼸ֻ۲Ŀˡ
ΨڿܾΨһĻᡣ
ϯʼ˺ףӣʥŮͷǰҲرڣԻʱ򣬻ǻɴñժ£
һ˲䣬ڳǰϯͿʥŮĳࡣ
ֳƶѾʼ̾ˣ˵ĿȴԵüֻ۰Ͱ͵Ľ壬ӿɳˣȴŪ̫Ķʧ
Խͻãÿм䣬λ÷㣬Խ΢һ㣬ֱӾѹڻϣ㵹ȥҲֻܺݵһۣȻԽӡҲòʥŮ
ʹһνʵʱѾʥŮ࣬һû̫ȣǸ̨ϵԪȴѾɵˡ̰ȴ֪϶޷õ
ʥŮ˵ףĻת֮˲ɵ©һβҲ̬ȡ˵¶СƤֱǰ覡ɴ¶˲գһۣٿƬ⾪
⿴ʧ񣬼ֱһ覴õɽ㰡µһŮ
ԭŮӣܺã˿Ķĺܺ鵽ܰʲôˡ
أĽǶ˳ƿȻζڿƺڴʲô
Լǳ飬Ҫ飬Ͻסûľһۡ
ͻȻıһ£һϽͷͿݲƵĿ
⣬޹գգۣȴͻȻսǰƺҪ
ոհѶչȥͱһ¡˶ˣôÿ
Ŀų飬˵òǰ쿴ԼϰˣѾŤˣԭвûϱ˰ɡ𣿵Ȼÿɲ˵İ
ʵͷ鶼ˣĶ䣬ΪʲôôӦĿ˰ʥŮıڳܶӶ࣬޵֡óܲˬ
㲻úÿ𣿡ɵʵ
ǰĻӶͷ˵ÿˡ
ûÿ

ʥŮܿ´ɴñȥµӰȴþòɢ
ʱѯ˰ΣЩСûҫһ´ԪǺĻӡ
ϴû뵽СС͵ĻӾȻô˵Ŀ佱һĵĿ佱Ļĳɳ˲١Сĸ׵õ谮Ͽˣ̫Ҳſ䣬÷Ҳõ˵̶з
һӾͰѳ̻ʺԪǳĵһ㡣
ԪǵķͷȻһӾͱסˣճԪǵ˽⣬һٶ֤Լ㣬ҪĳĻСëӣĻѪ
û뵽ԪǿڣѾ˿ʼȻơ
վ¹̫Ӱǡ
ϣŵıû˼䡣ҿڳʿкܶӣѣ㵽ΪֹΣ
ʵеƵζܳȻòӦ¡
ҪսľԪǣԪеèĹƽʱ̰ӭսֱӵǵ˵ЦˣĲ䣬Ȼ޷򣬲ҵ㾡ˣ
ֱЦһ̫ӵ£ѣģִ֪֮磬˵ֱۻˣֻһָֻ򣬿϶˲ģаˡұ̫ݣҸһǿң
ԪǱ˵࣬˼֮˶˵ˣ·˿̲ȥǵСֵû̻ʺѾڰʾϳˣǿŰǿ˶壬ôôΣգ˵ɱݴǵˣҲʮΣաһˣˣ̫֮λ
ԪͣٵʱѾ̫ˣŪܳԱβѣϵɫÿˡ
ʱĻССӰͻȻվǵ£ӭսΪܵܵĶûгôֳءǴܳĻӣʸ𣿡
˻һ˲װˣñٹپ岻ѣʹǶΪ̾Ȼ֪Сһ򲻹ǣ˼Сй䣬ɱԪˡ
ԪǲŵĿĻӵ񶼺޲ĻʧҲùձ
˾ĻӣȴЩˬǵõʾԪǵģôͻȻɱһСģû취ֻȴˡ
ϹһĻӣ÷ҲǵĿĻӱʾû£ùľҪǰʵͿʼתˡ
Ļ֮ıȻҲǳ⡣
ʵԭƻΪĻӵҲǱ䣬Ͼϯϵĳ·ԪҪĻӵһ䣬ȻǻӳԳǴĻӳԪҲұˣ˾ԲԳǵĶ֣ʱҲÿĻӵȷѹԪǵͷˣϾһ佫վĻߴԪǵǳɹﵽĿˡ
ȴǴϣǾֻܽƾͼơ
ĻȻȥǴ򣬵ĻӱԪǸԼݱҫֻ֪ԼҶ͸˲ûлԸǰӭս˳Ҳа취һӡ
ĻäĿųˣͰ˵ǳ
ǿ֧УǰǺСˣڵ˻ҳ壬һµԸҲµĳ
ҸҵԪ¸ûˡ
ĺĻᣬȴĻӽ˺ôܲأ֮ᴫĻл֮磬̫ӡ
ԪҪŭ𣬽ȴһ
֮ǰԳһۣԳǸйԼҪסĻ棬ûжǰǵ£ĵ»СδʦƽʱҲ̵ĵ¼УȻĵˣǾ³ɡοЩڣʱҪΪˡ㽫ҲСаɡ
ԳһάʱͰĻӵĵλĸˣҲﵽ˳Ŀġ
ڴʱҲʾˡ
Ԫܲվ˳ԳҪʼһҲĻӡǴʱվѾòκοޣǴӮǡ
ȻǲܵġԪǵǳĿ죬˳ĸ죬Ҳûӣ̨ԪˡЦǣ볡ʱһûУֻ˽в˰һ̫ӱȽϣޱȣ߳ŭȴҲֻš
ʮֵ⣬ʱԳȻ˳
ǲԳǵĶ֣ͨľˣͷҪ浶潣ǰԳǵ¡
Щţ⻹еڶأĻܰ׻
ԭƻʵǵԳѹԪǵʱɻӧԪǳʱԪǿ϶ܾӮԳǣҲ˵Գ֧ӮǰɡԪǵҲûҲܳűʱ򣬿⻮Գǵ·ʱ͵͵ĵĶͻṫ֮ڡ
ڲĻӺԪ֮ıԣ˴ܳʹŵıԣǻȻͲָܳԼ˴ˡ
ʵô죿
ֻһӦ䡣
ʱʹҲм佫սǶһһܱ
ͻȻڵҲҪս
òϳɡ
أͼָָվŵĵطڼ˵ĺ棬һͦεӰվӰУָţ˶ע⵽Ĵڣָ֮ҲֻǳĬǰӹС
ʥŮڣСġ
޵ͷ
̤ϳһ˲䣬һŵĿˡ
ĻҲ˲һҪӣȴԽסأ
ǡǡ
ۿ䶼ҪˣԽ⡣
޹񣬰ڳҪļơ
ԳɻĿˣɫȻźɴסݣĺһˣǡ̫Ԫȼߵ꽫ݴǡ
Գ޷ȷϾݱ仯Щ󣬻аֻ̺ۣ֮ܶȷϣһ˵òܻʱ;仯书·ǲ׸ıġ
ԳǸݴǴͻҲ֪ݴǵ书
ڳǣ˵ûжɻ󣬱ϾѾ˼ˣݴǰƽʣĶ佫ڻһɴģݣԾĻϺԱߵԽҲûв
˲俪սʮüͷ΢΢
ôˣӸոտʼͲˣǲǵǻС
Ծɴ𺳺ãĽ紦һˣոҼȷˣֲȷˡ
˭
ݴǡ
󾪣һ˫۾Բˡ
ݴǣ书·ȴ䣬øֱӸҰԸ߹ݴǵ书Ǳ׼ĻʼģʽϾ̵˶ǳʼҵģһһʽ˵ǰԭʼѪζһҰ·ӡ
ǽʱ򣬳ϵԳѾ·磬ۿҪˣԳǲҪ
ʱ򣬹⣬̫Ҫ˻¾ƺ
ݴһתÿ񣬾ͱתעԳץסûȴݴǼһ޷뵽̬ͬҰһŤת壬ӭ
һݴǺ񱻱ܴ̼ķ˺ݣҪƵģ־ʧ˷ִ磬һȥԳǴ󾪱ܿȴǱ·ͬʱҲһݴΪԾʥŮۿҪײˣϽһ
ݴǼתÿ֮·ͻȻһֱԼײ˹ȥ
˴ȵ쾪ܵһۡ
ֻһۣ·е꣬ͫ׽ٷŴϵѪɫ˲ȥ촽һ˲ˡ
Сǣ
񲻸ţΪǻþŻῴݴǳԼ˹ԭһһѹ
İȴоϢ
һײڵء
ͬʱһɫĻֽдԳǻд˳ƮڵءһΩΩФͼȻǰ


229 
һײһ̫ûм˻⣬һ󽫾һͼҸ涼һۿ󻭻Ǹ̨֮ϸոձ޹÷ɾ;ˡ
ͬڳة൱ͼˣҪȥȣԳǸ飬ֱĵ⽫飬Ϊ죬ܶ˶ûпǵʲô
Ǹ̨֮ϵĻҲûмġ
÷ɴ˫ۣԳһ϶ð亹ˣֻﲻϵûп
ͻȻϿڵԽʲôոʲô
ԳǶͷˣոմ̫Ͷ룬Ϊʲôͺҳˣڿǽʦʱ򣬸оȤǵĻһĲݸ塣
ԽˡЦ˵λЩˣǴƽˣ͵Ϊֹɡ
÷Խة඼ͬʱһ
ʱźѵҪʧܣˣ߻бҪǡ
ڶ񼯣19ϺԽɹ
һȻɹˣ˵ϿˣװûȻϵĶĻȻѵ˶ƭˡ
ʱĻϲҪǷ񿴳࣬ͻȻߵĳվϯλ滺ײķ
ͬʱԺһ
ݴǡ
ţݴǣ
ɴ˫ۣѾ޷þݴ˿̵ˣԭﱻ϶ʵû⵽ô°
Ϊʲôϣݴǲʶڵĳ飬Ҳʶܹܺͻǰ
ѵ·ʧ䣿ҪȻҲἸ겻ˡ
ȵȣǶϳݴǣҲ˵ݴǵĳûģȻǶźͳһĺɫɴð洹µĺɫɴסģݣҲܿһţҲ˵ϳ
ڳϳǲݴζΣհϿǾԲŹйصˡ
ѹϵͳǱþȣݴǿǳĵ£ȻүǾһҪס
Ȼ˾飬ò˵һ£ҵĺã
ݴǴʱѹϣͷźɫɴһǿˣһźÿԾûκμ䣬ַӦݴ޷ֻͣһᵽϵϢݴǸоܳ嶯
ͺڣʹ˷ҲԸ
Сǡ
ͻȻڣɳƵỽţ·³ʲôƵģݴǿҪޣǸŰǺҲܺĸһ·ʱ߲еᡣ
̫Ȼʶ
벻ʶⷴӦݴҲϣһнΣգٲ֪ο˿ȥͲʲôˡ
ݴվκͣߣҲС̫С̫վסӣΪײˣϽѯʡ
ȴʧǵĿֻ±ӰݴǣͻȻ֮ͫһµĿ־Ϯ
Ҫˣ͸ǰһֻܿԶȥıӰͷҲͣȻԶ
ǰһкʧˣֻڵ磬ԶķŹݴǣΨһ׷Ѱķ׷ȥԶںڰ
ͲˣǰãǹǾʹһ߰ɡ
ʲôģҲвʵĺҪΪСһˣȻСˣʲôϡˡ
Ȼ˦С̫࣬־Ҫݴ׷ȥ
ͻȻһӰǰҲײȥ֡
ܹܣڣĵҪȵ𣬲֪û׼
˭˵ʲô˲ϣֻƫִҪ׷ȥ
ǶȴͻȻһ档
׷ȥعݣϱȻɱ뺦𣿡
һӲתͷ˵ˣǳ顣
͸޷ܵѹȸУλһ㣬򶨣뿪
һ񣬡ܹܣ鷳ˣȥɡ
ݴǻعþȫ˺ݴϵߣǿԼ侲ǿԼڵľƣСΨһ顣СǰСǻˣôܲץסСء
ֱ˵ڶ£Ÿ˻һߡ
ʱ۲һУݴǡԽȴѾʧڴˡǸһ޷ֱǲݴǣǵǿݵ¶飬ݴǲеڶˡ
һзΪ춼̱ˣҲ̫Ķ˰ɣովͲһ㣬һݴǱ¶ôأܹܺҪʧأתۼ䣬ͿһС
ԭϵͳ֮ǰͷϵĲȡ˴ʩһ䡣ǡϵͳҪϵͳڷԼȶˡ
һ͸һʼŵĹ۲ΧǷϳݴǡ
ǹ۲ص㶼Ǳ͹ԱɱݴǣϳݴǵȻǻһˣǶԺݴǺ޷Ӧ֪ɫɴȻõģڲϤݴǵ˶ԣȥװһ䣬Ĳױϡ
ȴһˡ
Ǿ类ԳǴܣˬĺƾƵ¹Ӱǡ
ʱǾžƱѾ΢΢
ȻսǰɱݴǣֽһȥôܼǵóࡣǿųϳݴǵģԼɵİ̺۶ÿɺϣǸոݴƴɱĳͬȥսϵجðһС
ݴһʹõȻǳͻϤ֣սǱɵĳ棬ɱµѾӽﱾܵķӦˣȻǲͬƽʱݴǣɾͼ״̬µݴǣһӡ̵֣Ȼ
ȷ˾ݴǡ
øǾȻŵйߵֱǷˡ
ݴǱ
ϯڼݴǻصԭλվţʥŮ˼䣬ҲֻǵĻһûˣĿâڱӶ԰߳ȻẦ¶԰˵Ŀ⣬ֻҪǸĿͣϣǾζһ̵һߡ
ĿݴǵתƵ˵⣬˫΢Уâ֡
⣬ԽѾʵոǲݴ磬㿴ûУǲǣ
·겻һûԽ
鿴һۣǲǣǿҺʵʱȷڲ¶κţһϷ֣ݴǻݴǣǿӦʧˡ
Խɫأݴڵݣͷԣ϶ʧˣҪȻˣ˷֣˰ɣҪ뱣ӣСĵ㡣
ʧʱѾסһ̧ͷˣ˫ǿ۽ҵĶӣȻᱣǷϻ
ĿһۣתͷȥùԽҲһݴʧˣ֪ڵʱ򶼸ɹȱ¶϶ҲԸ㡣
ɫ˲ݺݵĿԽ
Խȴ̲ס˵˵ǲˣٱۣŻⲻǣԸǸʥŮߣٱﰲȫ
ɫˣȻ֪Խ˵ĲܣĻǱ̵ʹˡ
ȡ˶ԽصڣȴҲ̤㣬ֻԶԶĶݴǣԼʧأݴǡ
صߣСʵʵȫȷҲ޷˵ϾԼʶݴǣôȷݴǵҲֻʱһţϾʲôˡ
ˣոԽ
ɨһۻϣ͵ǳˡ
ȵôġ˿ϣԾǺЦűݡ
ûЦ⣬ǶŭˡջĿ⣬΢
ͻȻʶǽƣ¡еˣݴǾȴԸ
飬ֻǸĻӵ˹û˿Ҫı˼ΪݴǵĻعͶԼĵˣϾҲմ޹˵Ѫݴǻָ޷ԣҲŹ
ҲݴǲЧ׼ʹҲݴǡ
ĳ飬Щԡ
ͷ·֪ʲôס֣ľ͵ûܻǾ͵󣬸ο⻹ϵһ¡
԰ƵĿɲ
ʢܹܰŴҳȥۿٽضĿ˶˵̨ϡ
ʱ̨µĹ㳡ѾȺűݼȺȵʢܹʼʱЩߴװ˾ͿʼΪ
ȻǹţʹҲͼһ֣յǼõġ
ʱĿѾȫݴסϾ顣
˿𾢵ʱͻȻűһ˻˴̿ͳ̨Ϯ
ż˲˻ҡ
ϵҲӿǰ档
ԾһŻ˹
ľʢܹܣʢܹѾŵֱӵԶһĺܹܼ˷˹ڻϸǰߺСģ
ߵĻȻǸ֣ûеͱܹŻϺ˵ȫ򣬱ֵļġ
ԳǺͻҲ˳ȥս
ɱǲսдʧܣֱӷ룬Ȼȥ׷
ϴŭȫץ
һеʹڶǿҵĲҪعǲͣϺơ
ֻôǸϽסʹʹǻȥϢȻʼ顣
ܿԳǺͻԼ͢Ľͳ춼
ЦǾȻֻץɱĴ̿ͣ󲿷ֵĴ̿Ͷˡ
ϵŭ𼸺ҪƷݶ£ԽǶ¡
ֻܻȥϢǰÿܹܹ棬ʢܹܺڶźܹ䳰ȷϾոպܹܿǱֳڣĲɣ϶ȥݴˡ
鿴һۣݴǶӰĺܴҪȻճ˽⣬鷢չˣȻ޾ǷӦٶˡ
ãʹʬϲ鵽
һЩ̿ӦѪԨġ
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230 
һϢʱ򣬻ݵѾȻûзӦ
ڶϢʱһֱڵڵĽͳѾˣŭķ£ⲻܣĻʹͼֻݣһڱϣһ΢УЩ˲еġ
һ֣͸ͳҪ˷ͼжԱȣԱ֮£޼
ͼ˽ʳǽзʽܻóҪ֪˿޿ܣǽԱҲ޷֪ɵķͼǴӻģȻǴӽͳġ
ͳͻȻӦͷԩƾԲǴȥģǻ߸Ӳõõֻпǽͳ߳˲ͳɫɷף޴磬ֻܺԩ
߻ʣô̿ͨ˽Ѳɹʹд̣Ȿʧְӡ
ְ񣬴Σɴ³鵽סϼҧԼεˣĿɨԳǡ
ԳǴʱɫҲˣǸͼ޹أǽͳĸǰĸֽ죬һǰ֮󣬾ͱγ˽ͳ졣
ͳ⣬ԼȻҲᱻϻɡ
Գֻо鼸Ǵͷĸо˫ȶ޲ù
Ŀɨ˻ͷϣӽɻͳ
ԳͫһϹ治ˣȱʳǵְλҲԼˣĻˣǡҪжĥɱ¿ˡھԳǶʼɻϵˡ
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ԽһУгȻٴθ̾һжͬµİţҲ£۲öԼͼǵ¾ȻƳǼܣĻӵȥ˼ȻͰѷ͸ˣֲ˾嵽޷ʼˡҲл滭СĹͣû뵽һĶֱƷ
ãͳ챻ȥٷǱڻûзӦʱ򣬾ͱ˵ץ˻ǰʣȻǾܲû顣ѪԨ󵫷ӵʼйصĵӱȻҪ˵ģӲˣҿ϶Щ˲ѪԨˡ
ѪԨ󱾾ǻϵõֱӵ飬ͻᷢдɱֱǰӶߣӽд̵Ͳòûϻɣһжźõġ
ȻߣΪӣκη飬϶ݴǵ飬Ȼͻǲ֪ʲôߣų˴˾취д̱
ԽԽܣԾʵݺ㣿˭Ϊʲô
ͻȻͿסˣȻ뵽ʲôǡ
˵ˣһֱ˽¹ѺջѪԨĸ
ѪԨҪֲƹˣ˭ʱ棿˭ͻȻϷĸھȻԽԽˡ
ϵ뵽һˡ
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ԼſյߣͻȻͱһ¡
ܹôˣԽЦ˵
ܹ飬ԿƵĹǣūֻ壬и̾˵ԼţԽ˷ġ
Խ΢ʱˣЦЦͻ뿪ˡ
һƵĿĶˡ
ĻϺԽģϲִѪԨҪɱʢܹܣڻĺܹܣʹְҲ˻䡣
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ų黹ڵϢӣϽһ˳
ܿԽˣ˳ʱȥŽ飬ʱڡ
ԽЩֹ̲ס𣿡ֻݴǱߡ
ҡͷҲ֪һʼûʲô³õõġ
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ֱдΣգǡñʥŮȣٶȱץŭҪɱȴûгû淢ԪȼǰѪԨһθݣʱΪ˰ﺣܹܻûΣ˺ܹܾȼݵΪ˳һ㣬ѻѪԨƭ֡
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ݴǾͶûʲôҽҪȥǸ̫ࡣ
ովһ䣬ͻϮݴӦ־һǶԷȴҪҪժñӺͺɴ
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ݴһƺڽȻһʶ̫ܻ࣬бʶ
оԷûٳֵ˼ݴҲֻ֣Ծɽ·һֻ׼ʱԾĺڱУÿһȴ
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ݴǲΪ˸һıݣζԷĽǴСԪȼѵģʧҲģο⼸ľԲҪκˡʥŮ˭šֱӿ̽ʵһ׽˭
ǹū˶ûˣ׽һԪȼ̫ӣЧҵϣһǡ񣬾ոڵײǸ̫࣬ʱҲϳ𣿡
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ݴǿóû˼ɵĳų鹥ȥû뵽ǣûҲУʱ䣬㹻
ʵҲݴǵĶֻ֣ǿסˡ
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231 
ĲڣľشѾʼݴˣʧľشԲѣһ뷨ȥܺܿ컽ѶԷļ䡣
üһİ̺ۣѲɽеҰˣҰ޲𣿡ľشȴ뷨Чڼ䰴ճķԸݴȫ¶˱顣
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ľشһ²һ߼飬ʥŮĻôΣյϵ
ҲһԿˣоݴЩ϶Ҳúܿࡣ
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סڻǣǰ;ܻṥˡ
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Сǣ㻹š̫ˣ̫ˡֱǰһУҪЦ۾ȴȺˣǺִܿŭ˭˵㣬ǰǣԲԣһҪɱҡ
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ܿ죬ݴǾͻصʹݣټʱѾαװ
Ȿǻ为飬ԳȴͻȻŻϵҪѺݴǣ̬ȻѺã˵Ϊ˵鹬һû鷢ֻҪѺһ죬ûУͲ׷Īʧٵ顣ҪʵҲˡ
ڻ令ݴǵʱݴͻȻ˵һ䣬䣬Բ𣬸ߵ£һȥǡܰȥ𣿡
ʱ󾪴ϲݴǻָˣ


232 
ĵڣݴΣеƤĦ滹ѪۣʱĥƤµѪ
ݴһմԼϡ
Ƥһ£ĺֱܻӱơ
͵ȴ˺Ҫúø˵һеģǡǿȵֶΡ
ݴǼʹٺҲ޷أֻȵĿǰķ粨ȥȵǵ¡ΪʲôһӣǶеǼΣԽͻΧߣݴǶš
ͻȻƺЩ뿪ڣҲֵֻţΪѲߵһͷˡ
һߣӻһ۾Ϳɫۡ
˵ϮԲѣԭģʲôϮ㣿ʵ
̣ӦǷˣҪһһͻ˿ڣ۵ɫɷףһҪֹ
ūŲ֪
Ϊӳȥ
ūֻǡвʣҪ֤ΪԼ֤
𣿡ϵͷ񣬡µһ֤Ļᡣ
һѾ˭Ҫô֤ˣݴǼȻѾˣȻٰʵ۰£Ҫ֪ʵҪ
ʾ
޸һᣬȥɱһˣǳɹˣ޾ҳϡ
üͷ΢šϻڡ
һĻһĺڱײǸҹٳգձҵͱ޹޻޹ʧǲǼʲôˣʲô飿Ƕ֮ȻҪСĵ㣬ǵʥŮˣҲʲôܹܵɱһ˶ԲѰɣ
˵⻰ʱһ˫۾ӥһĶ񣬿ƺ岻ʣ޷Ӧѵɺϣ
ȻµѾĿĺ⣬ֱӶ⹷ʵۡݴǾͲΪʵ۵˽սϣڻ붯֣ȻҪֱ֣ˡ
ͬʱҲףϱȻǻݴǣҲ֪ݴǵˣϵȷùȻ֣Դ˻֤һ¡
Ӧ
ȻѣֻҪ¸ūᡣ˵ݡ
оЦһУϾͷ㣬̫ҽˡ

ûܹܣˣųԽ˵ǱߴϢŵ
ȷ˼᲻ᣬ˵˶ǻɣԽüǵ
ҡͷǡҾͲ
ҲԣѾݴˣݴûҲûˡǱҲݴǡԽץץͷ˵ݴѾָ仹ͦˣ־Ҳ̫˲ˡʵ۵ûлݴǰ϶ǻ˰ɣҪȻΪʲô˶ǻȥģȴû为أһٵΪƾǵĻ֮ǰ֣ᱳѻʵۣԲñ˿ܡ
ҳҹȥһݴǡǻҹ롣
Խúʣ֮ǰʱݴѾֳԪȼˣݴǾһԪȼĻ
㣡
һ˸ӷ㡣ֱӵ
ݴǵʼûɣ֤ΣûйȥЩǾ¼ĵġ
ϣһǰȥֻڸȦʲôԼҲüʱ취
ҹɫͻȻһ£ž͸оһִֻĺϡ
ʱһ飬Ļͷ
ôأ
ɵˣǰ˾Ȼ
㡭ôֳˣ
Σյ۾㣬أ
ҪǵΣԲɵذףԷһ
ûжֱӵ֪ɣĺ˭
һ£ͷݽ
ſڵɱݴǣ϶Ѿ֪ݴǵݣҪ̽ң޷ߣǿ԰æתߣ߳ͻ䣬취ݴǳȥ
׹ҲˣϽѾȥݴˣ˼ҲǽݴǳȥԽѾȥ׼ˡ
ʱһУһ취ϵߡ
ۿҪߣϽȵȣ֮ô죿
һ٣ͷĮһЦǲϣ𣿡
ˣǡƶͷб
ԡһϼɡ
ĪоЩŤ뻹ǿڵ֪֪֪ݴѾָˡץ֮ǰûȥ㣬ǻȥ
ʱһգָ䡭ɵҧڵԸݴǲָ
ݴǿ԰ȫ뿪ûиĻţԼҲ޺ˡ
֪ˣлĪɳƣлᣬ˵ҶΣϣúûš
Ī⻰ֵֹģѵǱߵľƱĻҪء
ٶתҪߣʱͻȻԶŲȻֻȶ
ǵǿǰӰʱɵЩȣȻǡʥŮ
Ʈ²ۣԭڶҪĽɫ̨ˣˣʥŮҲˣֻǳ鲢ڣȻҲɱ;ȵľ飬ԭҲǳӵʥŮڵĵطűȵģʥŮοǵж
ۿǰķȻݴǹѺĹ˾͸ɻˡ
Ҫȸһ£Ҫ̲ס
¹ݴǣȻϡ
˸ϣǺܿͱˡ
˭֪ڸңʥŮĻͷźڰ
Լ˵ˮ׼ѾܸˣʥŮֲ书ôֵġ
ٲҽˣʥŮԼˡ
һֻۣȳȥ
ʥŮЩĿˣ漴Ӧǡ㣬Ҽǵ㣬ǱײĴˣ㡭ˣǰ޵ˣˣݴǵ
˲󾪣ʥŮ֪Ĳ٣һ룬ͷȥֱذ׵סʥŮ
Ͻţǻˣ
ʥŮûж຦£Ƕ򶨵ôżȻǵݴǵģģûж⣬æģҪݴǡ
ƾʲô㣡ˣ
ʥŮֱӵҾµˣȻẦղŲС˵ʵݡ
ԭʱպҲȥˣ͵һУΪСĺ˺ѷȴ׵ķֱˣܱܿĶĿոҲŷǵġ
֪ݴǵȻȣǲû뷨ϾúƽҲϣһݴָܻ䣬صߣԸݴ£ȴЩİǣΪʱǴӷʱʥŮԿɱ
ڶʥŮһֱעǵ٣ʱݴѾѺʥŮñʼҹѺӦǰȫģȴְԾ͵жЩʱ˾ͲˣʥŮ֪Ǻãֻ뵽ԼǰȥסݴǵĹܲ㶯˰ɡ
ϣһֱƽҲϣҵĺܰȫʲô֮ѡ߻£Ҷֵ֧ġʥŮֿ˵
ڸܵԭдʥŮ⻷ˣǲҲ̫ǳ鷳
ʥŮݴϵĹģٿգĪһ̣Ǵô
Ĳ֪ҪȻҲô޴ķʽˡ
Ϊʲô㲻ֱʵ
ʥŮһΪѣǡҲǼҵˣֻݴڱңҪݴǣֻԼ
ŵʵô˵ǵ˶֪ݴǵˣ
ʥŮҡͷ󲿷ֶ֪
ԶǼһ϶֪ϾǶ֪ˡ
ʥŮûиõİ취Ǿȥɣܱסպôѡ񣬿Լġ
һʱ䶼ԥ
ǻϺͰǶҪԸݴˣݴǱҪߣǰʥŮ
֪ʥŮԭ趨ǺˣҲȫ
Խһתֱӵһȥ˵žͿ񣺡ҪʲôȥʲôҸʥŮһʥŮڹǰӦòҡȥ
ʾ취֪ͨݴȥתƻϵʱ䡣Ͷȫˡ
ͷתͷʥŮһۣЩȻлл㡭Сǡ
ʥŮ΢΢һЦ覵Լȫ෴ĶԱȡʥŮбСǣԸݴǵĵһܱȸԪȼðպá
˺ܿжʥŮйۺܺãԼı׼Ƶģ߹ȥʱ̲סѵߵλӣˡˣСһ㡣
붼֪ʥŮе޽˼˼ˣʵڵ⵱ӵ˼ǲܷݴ͵ߣ⡭ϣһ˳ɡ
ʥŮͷԼǱ룬ִ󲿷ֲ࣬ܿҵ˹ѺݴǵĵطӦöڰɣǸſڴϣȴָûˡ
ɵˣҪ룬ֱײһ˵š
ųȴֱӱ˴Ӻ汧һ
ôܽˣ
ϤϢϤһ
顣ôҿݴǺ㶼ڣǡ
ǳ飬һεڵȻӦʱͷ״Ըݴϵ飬ְƻҪݴǣݴȥˣȡǰ
һ˷ѷֺʱ䣬ϽȺʥŮ˵һ顣
ո˵꣬ͷֳɫ䣬͵ߣ
ʲôôҸո˵ˣǡ
ҪǣûãҲɱһ壬ϾڵȻݴһ񱳹ҲܳڸݴǵݡϾϣݴûгֹҲϣܿصһʧ϶壬֪һݴǵĶ֣ˣԡ
Ѹٳ룬ͬʱԺͻȻϵͳ
ܳΧʱһ죬·𶼿ʼ𶯣ıըͬɹ˲ӣ̼俪ʼùıһը˴棬ҪܣȴѾĶסȥ·


233 
桢ըֻɽʱڸ⣬ǱԤƺõġ
ǻϼݴǺȥġ
ֱӱըĶҲֱ죬ȷӦʱ򣬲ŷֳһֱѹϣµĶ
߷ΧڿжϱеĺСеȴܴ󣬴ӵľ飬ʯͷմѪģ˲۵ĺѡ
ǳȴʼնûзһ۵׽˺ɫĳֽҲȻ򿪣ǿ򶨵Ĵܡ
ɲǼ䣬һֱϵͳľһƬ
ע⣬Σգٲȡж
Σ棡Σա
һ̣Էſգ˼ֱƿ˳飬ȻΪǶƫƣûʵʵϣȴǰ˸ˡ
ѹֲסķʼ̳һ뵽ܳ£˫ɺһƬ˲ߣ˱
ʹǻָ书˵õĳҲס͵ֺ˲ѹķֱӽ񡣳Ҳֻƾصʯ飬ȴסˡ
ͬʱȴһ޵İɫռ䡣
ھ˵һ̣ԼȻû취ǻиոտԾģʽֵ˲䣬ԺҲͬʱ뿪εʱ򣬾Ѿˡ
ʹεˣڽϵͳס
ѾΪԾȷʽɿʱͣӣҪĻ2000㡿
ʱͣô߶ˣ2000Ŀðɣ۾ͿۣΪСʲôܽˣ
ҪȷͻȻ˵ľͣˡ
ʲô
⣬ڲΣ״̬޷ʹԾģʽ
ȵȣʲô
Ȼϵͳûлش𣬶İ׻˻״̬
ʱڴȼյĹУһİѳڳ˿̻ʶǹѾˣ״̬ոùǿţ˶Ҫ
һ˲䣬ǽס
ΧĵѾ˼ޣʱȫ
̧ͷȥͿһ˪Ż佲š
ǲĴСֻסˣòסǣ§סɱ
ﵽǻ·Ѿûбѡ񣬻·
鿴һۣûпڣֻ§סͷǰ
ͻȻ񿪿ڡ
£ȥ飬ҶԲס㣬һ㣬ݴǽˣһΣҲŹ㡣
ҧڿڵ취żݴǣ
һ룬ȴоһƣĵײʲô˲ΧĿͲһˡ
£
ݴǵƿ佲׸ݴǣָոײķǻǽǽıܿһģӰ
ݴɫ䣬˲ףֱŻ佲˽ȥ
һݴǾͳˣƿ佲һѾ޷ֱҲ޷ݵݴǵĻУ·Ѿչ⣬ǴõģѾˣضˣΣ
ݴǲűĿ顣
뵽ϵҩ裬£Ĳݣ㿴ĴľشС١
ݴǸһģֻҪ̫ӵ򶨵۶Ƕϣһ
ݴõʵȶһ˲裬ڼҪʣڵ޷£ݴܸо΢ĺȻһۿȥ񼸺Ѿ졣
ݴˣṦҹɫ뿪ѾָݴȻ˽ʹÿ䣬ܿͻصĲݣҵķ䡣
ľش
ԭصĳѾȷֻǼ򵥵Ļԣһ֮ó̱弸Ѿﵽ˼ޣҺûСҩ裬ԡ
ͻȻԶ
飬̫ˣû¡
ʲôǱ¶𣿡侲ѯʣѾ۲ˣǹһˣۿȥȻըˣΧҲܵ˲ΧУӦкܶæھȻ
ûУԽȽȷƭЩ˵»бըȽ̽һֻ̽ΧȻҽǰݴ磬ڱըʱ׷Űǳûб
֪ոǣǱˣݴѾȥĲˡ
ʱˣԭѵΪˡΪݴ磿
ʵԽҲڸըһǾͳ˹书ǿȻҪ鿴ȴĴԼʥŮ
ΪʥŮ֪ǲ֪ȻҲˡ
ǻ͸ϽˣݴǣݴǵʱȫŭˣΪΪһǰǵıϾǾȻŷרõĻ佲ȻǵʧԼǰԤġ
ݴŭģɱ˰ǣҪȥˣǱߵñըǱһ¡
ʱȴע⵽Χǽ˷ӶѳĻ佲Ͳˣ뿪Ӱ񡣸Ͻݴ˵һ
ݴɫ䣬ͲΣ׷˽
Ӧ֪ݴǻ᲻Σˣ֪ͳ棬ǻ佲ôݴһ᲻ԼȾȳ
ѡݴðվˡ
ٿݴΪԪȼ£֪޷ֹݴǣԸɴԼȥ
ô죿ѯʵ
鿴˿ȱڣֱӵȥⲿֵ˵һû뿪
ûмݴʬ塭տڡ
ͻȻɫһ䣬һֱɨһԵΧǽ˲䷴Ӧϣž˵ڵء
¶׹⣬ĿŻͳ飬ֱתҪڣͻȻһһüмֱӵء
һ˾㵵Ŀų飬ͼѾֱ۶׼ڴ
˵ʵ˼˸񣿡ʵ
Ȼ˵ǻ伸оס˴ˡ
Ĳӣ̧ʱ˲ڻˣϽ˱ɱңǡ˺Щˣɱңһᡭ
ɱ
һ£䱾ܵ˶ԷĲӣºЩãĿų顣
ķʽвֻ֤ˣҪ̽ܺڡЦһã䣬ǶĵطǸģȥơӵʱʱ䣬ʱȼա
һ㶣ܿ췴ӦҪϽ
ɱݴǣȻҪˡ
뿪֮󣬳ͱһԶѵǽϢֱ洫뿪ԽСĺ£ȫˣԳˡ
űӶϱڲԫ֮˳ȥ
Խһ·Ǳ˴ڻڻصĲݡ
ʱѾȻֳ˯ߣǿȥ
Ͻȥ鿴ſԱ˯ģȻѾˡ
أͻȻžͿԽˮ˽
ˣģû¡
ǵ˶ԽϾľشڻûдӷ
õģһϽ𴲡
ԽĽУ֪顣˵Ȼ𳡾ǳ𾪵Ķ˵ˡ
˵һˣǱߵĴոϨȻǷ߹ճ˸ʬʬ壬ͬ˵¹̫Ӱǡ
ʹˣ¹ڸܳ棬òɿһ֮ڶ⡣
ǻǱѾƭˣȻ뵽ôʣ˵߸ʬһǲȱȻ϶ݴǺ񣬾ǵҲ϶֡Լ˵һʱ֮仹ûչʣΪݴǺİȫ˱Ҫ뿪ʹҪϷӦĻᡣ
ЩҲǳ˯֮ǰģǻϲˣҲȶˣϣͼ˳
˵ȿԤţ˵ͼȥæµˣԽҲ٣ֻ뿪
ֻʣĲڣʱʱӦһˡ
ֱԺж
ڶ񼯣2ܹʧܡ
ݴǳɹ
סˣݴҲǽȳɹˣǱǳˡ
Ȼ٣ֽäһܹäˣһῪһԡ
һͼľشҡҡλε˳ϽǰסһͷԵľشȻ۵ùǺȻֱӾ˯ˣֻܰ˱Լķ䡣
ոտͿ鶯һ£ۣɵĿ
Ҫ˯ǰСľش˯ˣ𴦲ȫ˯
գһۣЩĿľشһۣվǱ˫Ĭˡ
ľشͱ˴档
˳»ҩľشһᵽҩζߴﹾ˵λĳֱüҪͰȥˡ
ҩˣָǺñӣúϢҾš
鶯˶ոպűӵֱͲ˲䣬Ķˡ
òסҪųһ˯ĳ嶯Ͻ°Ϣʱ䣬һȥͿҹݴǡ
˸ʶֻܵľش˯ˡǳıǡһġ
ݴǶ˶٣֪л㡣
֪ݴлɶֻǵݴι
ݴǳ˽ģϽ˵Լ֪ģԤƽҹǻߣȻݴСĵĶڷڣԼӦ
ݴȻ֪Լٳ֣ͻصڡ
͵չ˵ΣͳʳʱҲ˳㿴
񼸺¶Űײֻд¶棬˫۽գɫ԰ףײϻƻƺҺ͸ޱȲҡ
һ㣬ʵľشô˵
û뵽ݴȴɫص֪ʱ
οûµģǸľҽڣ϶û¡ϵͳ˵ûˣϡ
ݴЦЩѵǵһл
˵ŻͻȻ洫ˡ
Ͻȥ鿴ͼһŮӵӰź۳ҹɫڣȻ˽һ̧ͷ˾ͶˣȻʥŮ
㡭ȵĿ
ʥŮǸ˵Ǹʧˣģһ˶УҡݴǵӦ֪ϢҲһֻҪ֪Ƿȫȷһȷһᾡæ


234 
ҲֻʱдʥŮԺ£׻ǲ֪ݴǾ
ʥŮһȲ裬̲ס
ֻһ֪Ͼ㻹ţ֤ݴǲ£ֻǵġ֪ܲܰæʥŮֱԵ
Ȼ֪û£Ͳضˡûи׼ȷĴ𰸡
ʥŮĻشֻȻһЦͲ׷ʡ
˵Ū˼ˡĺѾǹô׷ô׷飬ܷע⡣
ʥŮͷЦõģˡҲż֪ܻʵѾƵ˰ǵϡûлʲô
ЩȣΪԽǻûлҲ֪͢Ǳߺķչ
飬ְǵ͵͵׼˺ܶͻȥѺݴǵĹ˺֤ܶݣȻ֪Ϊʲôըҩ޶ֻ֤ܿͷϡ¹ʹ׷߱˱׷ߣܻʵѾ˸¹ţ¹Ҫ⳥ʥŮҲ֪б⣬µҲֻ˵ǰǺպˡ
׹ԭҪ޻ģǷְҲУҸãôֱܸӳͻȻͰѺڹѾ˵İǡ
ʥŮ˵ؼ飬ҲǣͣգǡʥŮ˵ЦЦ͵Ƕ֮ˣӦòҪҵİϣһжá
ʥŮ˵꣬Ͻ񣬾׼ʥŮ뿪
ʥŮոתͿ̨ϵݴǡ
ݴǳˣ;Ĭһԡ
ݴǳĬߵʥŮǰ˫ϥ¹
ʥŮϽҪݴǣݴǻǼ˴
ʥŮڵޣ㲻һȥ𣿡
ݴǵͷҪػ˺ҪɵΡʥŮҾȳϣлᱨ𡣡
ʥŮҡͷָң仹кܶδԵ֣Ҳֻ⣬һλãĸ֣úϧ˵ʥŮһ£鵣ǵ֪ݣҲδлᣬϣܾάֺƽ°ܵսҵĿ࣬ȻҲܵࡣ
ݴҾ
ʥŮ΢ЦҲûǿݴǱ֤֪ܶʱ˵ǼˣЩ˵ޱȼᶨҪŬı䣬ȴͽ޹
ʥŮݴһƣ뿪ˡ
ʥŮ뿪ıӰ̲ס̾һ㶼ţòǻĵŮӵȷʥģҲʱ򣬶ʹˡ
Ҫ³ͷ
ûԽͻͻˣѾźһУȵҹִڣܴ˳ȥ
Ժ˵
ȥͱԺɣǱƫƧ㡣Χֻȫ
֮ǰ˵ˣȥǱߵլӣ˶ˣ㸮ϲ㡣Խڵ
ҲǣͻȻ˼ˣǻŵ˵ģǱ߶ͨˡ
ͻȻԺһͷ֣˵Լĵ̣ǸӰȫĵĵطΪʲôڱԺɵļ٣̲סð룬ǡһ𣿹ѽô߳ܰԼƤԽԽˡ
ľشҲҪһߣϢ俪ʵ
ţҷ䡣ڵ
Խֱһڲ˳˯һŴ
ʲô֣ѵǶóӲһŴ
Խǳ˳飬ͬСľ
ҲЦô
˯ĺ죬Ҹҩˡ
ֱһһֱĬĬ۲ǵݴǲ׹ǰ֣ѵ֪ʵݣȴõǵΣ⻹֡
ݴΪСĽȷϢͻܿ
漴Խ˵ȴ˵ʥŮѾ˵ˡ
ʱԽĺͱˣʱ䣬̲סϸѯݴǰ飬ʥŮ
ʥŮȷҵľˣ֣ˡһпķӡһǰץסġݴǻ˵Լ
ǰݴǷԿȴ壬˰СƬкܶ˲䣬ȥսѹϵĶǮоһλ˷ݴǻţ˳ְ˴زƣҲݴǸȻº˹ֻʱݴѾʧ䣬ȫԼ˭ˡҲΪ˲䣬̶طЩѲݴǵҲûҵǰȫԳǵж
֮ݴǾһڲ䣬˲䳣ᱻӴ٣ɱ¾ŮˡָݴȻƾ书ˣһΧɱУݴǻΪ˻뿪׽ūͣתС
ЩרѰǿ׳ūȡֵġ
ݴ˵̲סһ㶡
˵ȡַʽǶ԰ˣʶݴǡԭȥ԰
ԵĽס
֪һ
Ӧá֪ɣϾľشݴ˵ʱᵽЩֵ˿ڣôô֪ܲûлָ䣬ԡӦûá
㵵ʱԽѾŭ׷
ݴֱͷ¶󲱾
һӡ棬һӡһĶԲȦһ֡
ޡ
˲٣γݴĻ棬֮ǰûоΣڷӦǲ𣿶ÿ֮󣬳ɫʮѿ
Ϊʲôѵˣģԡ
ÿ붷԰˶ӡ꣬ʮءݴǵ鼸ٱ仯Ҳ˵һεʱϵȴֹסð
·ܵΣգֹסսըë״̬
ʮأԽʵ
ݴǱ˱ۣ޵԰ӣ׳̶ȷΪʮأʨϻҰܣȺǣߵȵȡ࣬Ұ㣬ÿҪۿݵʱ򣬶ǰЩҰ޶ϼգٷū벻ͬ԰ȥɱֻҪܻŴߵھɹɹͿԻƻζʳûɹľͻΪҰ޵в͡
ݴǴܷʽ֮ԱҰʮҲǶʱĥģҲ˺ܶ࣬ҲҰޡڻָ˼䣬ʶ˲඼޷ˡ
ūᱻйѺԷģҲܱͿУһжΪ˻ţûϺ߳ܿԣеʱū֮䶼ܱΪǵѾڸҰ޵Ĳнɥʧ
ǰ꿴ͬһ˲ϵļֲϵʱӰҲӰݴǣĥľꡣûߣǸ޷ѡһξͻŽ԰һΣģ˶ᱻѱֻݴǻһѿеĹͷһֱӣһֱͷҲֻѡߵһ·
ЩŵǸݳÿֻһءһȫͬƭ֣¹涨ֻҪʮص˼ɻɡڷֱʮأþ֮󣬾ҪһΣȡɣֻߵ˵ʮأأͲ档ʱʥŮˣʱҪʹܣ֪뵽ʲôҪһʥŮҿˣףҳʥŮĺһߡ
ݴ˵ʱѾ֪ĽֱΪ͹˳ǶʱԾجΣ֪ԼôŹġ
ֱһһǣŭɶ˵Ұްɡ
ȻвԽ˾͸ñԶڶ԰
ݴǻһЦһȷвĶ԰Լ֤ġ
ԽͻһĿݴǡ
ݴֱӵʥŮ˵ɶ԰ĳڣԼһʮأ棬˰ꡣ˵ܴʮػŵǱߵļ¼ֻһһһӡ
ԭݴǵľѾɫɷ׵һĸǱݺסһ㣬޷
Խͻ䶼ķֻʵǸӡ
ݴǵҲûֱ֣ӵ˵ҲǲϵķУΪһ书ǳǿķӣһν˶԰ɱһ԰ҰޣʮֵϲΪ̫ΣգԱѺǿɲʲôõĹѺʽһǴĵطǸǾǷԺһ޴ܶ͸˩һͷҰƵģƽʱӣ֫˩ǸӲˡȻֻ£Ϊϲڶ԰ѵʱҶ˵Ƕʱ䣬һū˶¡
ʮأŹ𣿡Խ̲ס
ôܣǷӣôܶһӶֳŵ˵ūʵѱĳƵģôģԶȡ֣Ҳ˵һƭ֡˵Ӵʮ֮һϢţϲʹﵽһƫִĳ̶ȣܿκɱŮˣûδԣʱ򣬷ˡ
ˣãߺ޵һˣá
ȻǷӣ书˸ǿҲ֮ˣϣպܺúõġԽ
ݴǵͷ߾Ǻõģϲб;ĵطˡ
˵ţͻȻͼȻվɻĿš
ֻѾѪɫϲ촽ϵѪɫȥ˾͸˱ߵ֣ȴһ鶼
ԽȻ
겻壬ɳƵȥǡ˵꣬תܡ
ǸոܽԼԺӣӭͿվԺеĳ顣
Ǳߣûʲô飬ɢʲôҹĺ紵°ںͷңѩһƬӦվһˡ
Ľסų飬ͻȻĳǣͼ¶һ΢Ц΢΢ɢҲڽתº͡ȴоİۡ
ǿЦЦģһ룬ȴһ漴żǰִա
Ѿ
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֪ԼʲôʱˣĺʹĿںʹ嶼ӰʹˣʹĶ˵
ûû׼
ٶ׼ֲոݴ˵ʵ
޲ĵıȻ顣оĶҪ۵ѿˡ
ƾʲôƾʲôƾʲôôõˣô̫ӵ£Ϊʲôԭд֮⻹Ҫʹ࣬ƾʲô
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뵽ȻֱתҪߣȴסȻеɱҲ嶯֮Ҫʲôֱס
嶯ûµģģҲŹκγˣ𣿱˵ԼġıȴĪԼõ˰ο·˵ҲͿһˡ
鷴ʼӵӽܣһ룬ͱˡ
ǣ㡭飬顭
ڣںúõءϲʹһ̶û¡൱û𣿡۵Ϻ֣ţͬʱָоȴģһñ̫ɹů޻ģů
⻰ȴǸʹûκκۼģ֪ǹ⻷ǳ浤ĸã̺۶ᵭֻ¹Ͼļĳ뵽ԼʲôҲĲҲйӡֻǲ˶ѡһУȴûκ֤ô̰
Ǹһͷڳļϣίֱأ岻ϵĿȣ
鵣סһ룬̧ͷһ˲侹ȻñĹʹ졣
ôᡣ
ֲֻᣬİֹס۾Ҳ޵ֺףΪȱѾʼվˡ
ʪ͸һĽëüͷš޵Ŀ⣬һһ顣
ͻȻ̲סˣֱȥ
ɲǼ䣬ֹסˡ
ˣͣ۾Ȼɵ㶵ĿŽߵĿա
ᴥһ뿪Цſ𣿡
崻Ӧ˵죬Ϊոտ޵̫һǰһһãֻǵԲ۾ų飬ȴϵĵ䡣
鱻Цˣѽ
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һβһ룬ǴˮĿɬͰۣĲࡣ
§ڶҹӵǣõļ䣬ſ滻ȥκһʹˡ


235 
ͻȻʧǵߣüôˣе㲻̫Ծ
ǲǱ˵ŵˡݴЩε
ԽȴͻȻʶʲôܾĹâҲҧÿֱ죬ͷǱɱ
һ㶣ԽɱǱȻҲ˵ǲ̵¼Դܳǣ͹һٱ顣
ݴǵͷҲ˵֮¼ΪЩѪսųΪֻҲŹһӣ£Ժ󻹲֪ʲô顣ʵɱѻᣬعԺҪɱǾˡ
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ݴҲͬ
ˣһֱʣ׸ʲôϵŵ¸Ƕ׽ݴʵ
Խͻһۣ˿ȴŽһ³αװݵ顣
ݴɻԽͿڵ׼ȷ˵ǲɻȱһ޶Ĵڣû¾Ͳڵĵˡ
˵ţͻȻӸԺӴԵĿһ㶸Ͻȥ鿴
ݴǺͻ죬ǰ棬ոԺſڣͽסΣվںԽƿǰſ˺ˡ
ֲֻ֣ǿ˾黹Щεġ
ݴȴѵóɵ㶵ı飬漴ӦԽ˵ʲô˼Щ˼ָŸڣ¡
Խݴǵļʵһֱܺ棬ǰԱŮӶ𣿡
ݴԪȼİԶԶԪȼĻԽȻǸ˽̫ӵµĹȥ
ݴҡͷʱĵһֱǹǣԺã鰮һҲ棬һΪΪδ֮ҲֻһֱһеĸķڹҴϣʲôŮ鳤
ԸոյĻݴǶжôͿˣʱڵΪǳգһֱƵӺȻҲܿ³嶯ӵǣʵǷ˼
Խ΢΢һЦδῴºܶ಻ǵˡ
ޣ壬ΪʲôԽҲһҺڳߡ
ǱȴΪ̫ţ˵һνǣñͿ޵ȱĴԳɣֱӵʣ˳ĻС
Ϊľ̫ƣҲûֱ˯ˡ
޿κοɵֻܱ͡
ľش
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ˡЦЦڴߣϵᶼסˣ۾ҲţóһۣϽһ¡
Ҫ۾Ϳҩʱ򣬻̲סףͿϣ̲ס״ֱ󷢳ʵŵͷľش
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ľشҺʦֿ˿ڡ
ʹľشȥˡ
ҹľشݴԼԲѵһͳ˻ʹֱȥ˳˽լ
ԽǸ̽һҹ顣
һߣʥŮ͵͵صԼԺӣոѵɫ磬͸оˣĿ䣬Ϳ˯
ʥŮ΢΢һ㶣ǰȥĿһ˯ò˵˯ŵʱ򣬲ܿһСʱˬӡʱһμ棬ͽŵĸһʾѺãһյҲǵһνѡ
ʥŮ䣬ȴͻȻۣһ˲䣬ʥŮܵҪˣ̫
һ۾ͬħѡ
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ʥŮҳȥɢ֪ңʲôҪ˵𣿡
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ʥŮ֪Ҫ˵ʲôĿǰ֪ݴթ飬ǲܡƺҵ˸飬һ޷ڼעСµĶת˺ġ
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ڶһ磬ʱ򣬻Щ㱣㶵һͱˡ
ҹ顭ԳҲ
ĵŻɵҲƣʼ
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ϲİɣ͸һ֮ǰ֪С
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ֺԸеĸβ
ԼˣˣûҪŤȻ̧ͷȥ
һϣ·һ˲ȼʲôʱ̵˶һ£߲ܿصĽһ˵ȴߵĺˡ
ˣ֮ǰô߳ܵ鶼ˣôһһ£͸о綼һˡ
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𴲰ɣѲˡҲƻΧҪûʲôˣҲû취
ʱһʲô컵˼ûˣ飬ǡ
ģǶȫ뿪ˣѾˣԿʼѲ飬ҹǰеĶɾ¡鰲
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˵ţʹߴٵλˣû𣿡
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Ҫ׽һ³鶼ûա
췢飬ʹ鶼ͦƵģ¹ɴͲˣҵʹҲǿά򶨣һͲϲεĹˡϣͳͿԳΪʹھɻʱ䣬ҲûҪڹڡ
빬֮ǰ龹Ȼ˸Ҫչ棬ס֡
֣صĸ˵ҺԽҹѾˣǾɱ
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֣οЩˣҪɱҲΪЩʵֻԼһĥѰˣ飬ҰĿء
һֻҪʧСҲȥ˼Υ˳жӰ죬ų飬ҲԼֻҪһ𣬿ӭκѡ
оһһ̣ʲôľӣƵԪȼ̫ӵλŹʧȥʶĳ飬ǿһĴڣ˱Ҫʧܰȫ
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Ϊ˱˽˺͹ҵĳ𣬻ǲδ֪ΣǶԼҵ϶õĻᣬΨһҪĵľܳɹɱʲôӦ
ƿһУֻһ׵Сӣûˣ˵ңΪ϶սϵͳһ·ѹ̫ãºվһ¶ˣֻҪни棬ʵƺһУֹסս
Ǿ뵽ݴǿɵ˴ΣݴɿԺݻȥôⷢĻ׷Ͼʧס󣬻ϱȻᷢ˲Ҽ̿ʼ׷ɱڴܷΣաǻȥ
ݴǻᰴճָ㣬Ĺ½иԤٶڲγҲͲŴĽ̡
ֻһҪʥŮİæҲ֪ʥŮٺãҲܰĹҶԸԼҵȨˣԼҽӡݴҲΡ
ҲֻԽʥŮȳʥŮ޴ѡ֮£ֻܰݴֹܱսңԸʥŮ֤ڲսʥŮӴֿӦҲӦϾһֱִƣҲǵǵģϣʾִơҲóˣҲáǺõġ
ףν겻ǻ֮ƣʱպùڵĵˣǻΪۣȶɽ֮󡭡¾ԹԹг𱨳ˡ
գǵѾǰ˰ţֻҪ棬жͿʼˡ
֮ҲյĻظӦˡ
빬ֱ˽լаţȥС˾ˣϣǿսһæС˾˲֪ʱֳˣڣЩʧ˴һкȥ˳˽լһ׼ж˵Ҫľش㣬ɱ֮ǰһЩ顣
͵͵İԼҲ׼ãԷһ
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236 
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øֲ֪ʧȥвȻ˶ǰԹҩ
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ЩŵԽɵļᶨǶǰŵΣгأǧ֣ͲŪ
ܿˣû뵽ȻҵᣬһʮȻĿʼȫ¥ûǱĻڡݴһݶϣһڴ⡣
һžһЦ㰡
üͷ΢Ծɵߣһơ
£һ˫۾ֱĿų顣
̫ǿҵߣֱӸơ
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΢䣬ȻҲжҩֻһӣǵص㻹㣬Ǻ˲Ķ͸ͨѬһеĶͺܳˣһ˶Խ˸һʱ䡣
ȻˣƺúúȣԼԼϱĹóĵ˵㲻
ЦЦû뵽㾹ȻԸԼңһΪһ㶼ءϾ㶼ݴˣ˵Ӻİ̺ۣȥߣҳʱء
˻һ˷ִ硣
ñ֪飬̲סһȴԽź󱳰ס
Խı֪ˣϾԽͻ俴γʧر÷ʱĳȻ裬书ڣֻҪһݴǶԷӵԼһμ飬ԽȻܿס
ʱݴǺͻҲ׹ģһ˲䣬˵ĴԼˣԼ˻þ漴ʶʲôϵɱֱ˳ǳ黹ûиźţھܳȥǧС
ɫ䣬ȷˣҪȻҲˡ
ЦɻҪɱأ
㶼ҪɱˣΪʲôһҲЦҺ޷ĺľơ
ԸҵģѵõĻᣬǴҩҲ˷Ѱüְ˰ڣҾҽˡϾôҲܵжɡ
䣬ʹҵĴȻǳȥһʮ˵ˡ
ʶУҲδţֻǳҲԸ˷ʱ䣬֮˲ðȻɱܹһ̣ݴǺͻͳڣһһźĲϡ
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һɢ㻺ĶҩݴǺͻһ
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ǰڱ߾񵽵书ǿķӣһǰͻȻڰϺıףûκ˿֤ݣԼٽһɺϣݴ飬ݴΪãּ󶼱һ漣㣬Ԫȼֻһܽ͵ͨǳʲôҩ𣿡
˫İĺܴ
ԪȼԪȼҾϲұΪǰΪһģϾѵעĶ֣û뵽㾹ȻܻûһУʲôûпʼߵһǸȤȤˣǵ֪Ԫȼһڶ԰ţһúõ㣬ָ
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شҡٴǿ
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Ҫ˵Щˣǵʵ㰡Ԫȼ˭ȥôģܳҪΪˣһʹĽѵôԵأ˶ĳڸɾŲµλø»ء
ǻǺݰΪôɾˣǴܵسǽֲǷȻͽгǷͼȰǲǰҪȻǵʵܽлϽ׸һвһϷһݸ˿Ϸˡ
Ż¯Ǻȴ˵Ľŵ
ݴ˫ۺˣͷõֶΪͶ߾Щ޹ǣİգԼľӱȫɱ⣬˵飬ֱꡭΪֻսĲпᣬֻǿʳĹǵȷǱˣǡôһʼǼٵأ
͵ͫйصڸ
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ôݵˣҲģҶҲģɱ㣬˳ǣʷǰս˭Ҹҽа壬Ҿͼǵļƻ
黺̧ͷ۵ʵѾ죬ֻѾϰ״̬΢鶯һ£׺֮֡
ӣǺܾȣô뵽ԣֻһֱȫȷϾһֱ˵ֶϵû뵽ȨȻۡɲǰȫࡣͺıһ㣬Ҫ˵еࡣ
Сʲôҧ˵ÿֶɱ
ЦЦ֮ҷֲǺˣǻң¹һЩܱṩСУ֪ĵ˵ʱжЩƽʱ˵ų㣬ĹҪСұ֤ʷǰĴϣΪҪ٣治һӵеġ
һһٵǶҪʲôǵļ𣿡
ЦûаûУһ֪ȥǸʥŮеĻôҪԱĹأдȡ˵һ仰ˣ˵ǿۣԣǿе̬𣿡
ΪʲôݴǼߵͬʱʡ
Ϊ¼ɰԪȼΪ׷ɣйҾͬʱҲηš̲Ÿɣ书ǿģһ˱ֳ츳߽𺳣һԶԶʤйȨ˵ĴǶô°˼ҶǹֻһͷδɵʨʱܳȷԱʵôܷ㰲Ȼɳأһı뷨һ֣ǶĶ֣ʱҲġ
ݴöĿɿڴˡ
ȴЦһЦһʲôûҲûбʾˣһ˶ѣôģҲЩ޴Ĺ뷨󲿷ֻô֮ɡ㵹˵ֻҪܳԳûҰˡ
˵嵱ĵģΪȷѾҪǵߣǲŻǶңһֱѺõģʹЩҲ϶ǵĹҰɡ
ȴЦˣ֣ѵû˵Ԥ𣿡
˻һ˽һ㶡
ʲôԤԣ׷ʵ
ĸоˣһ֮䶼˵ЩԤԣû뵽ǷûУѵǵһͱϢ
Ϣνذˣȫû˵飬ǳȴˣҪʱ򣬵ȷһЩȥ飬һʮļµļ¼ȴ٣ʧˣЩϢͺǿⱻĨȥһ㣬ʱ󲻾á
鲻̫һ˵ҲǴСʺĸĹһֱ˶ʤ죬µ·ҪԼߵģԶҪʲôˡҲǴ࿪ʼá
ǵķӦЦ˵ʱ󣬲ǵ໨ʮΪһԣõԤԣֻһȴ˶ϢϢء
˸Ŀ
Ԥ˵δǿһͳɽӣڹһһ⣬Ϊƿ˵
˻һͬأÿ˵ϡ
ݴǰԪȼǾòܣԤ̫ЦڵԪȼȴĺȥҲԸ׷棬ԪȼǱǱƳİ
ų˫ۣԤԸճʱΪ̫ţ˶һЦǵľ簮ӣҲ٣ôܻĵأ
ɫ˵仯
ĳԤԿɲԽԽ˵˭ءοһʥŮҲռ˵ʮһƽ٣ܻⲻͶӦ𣿡
ɫˣܵĳ޷ݣǰֻΪǴܳİյǵˣû뵽ΪУȻһʼͱԤԺˡ
ʲôƨԤԣЦһ뷨ûС
ҪһʾҪչ˺һգҪڹгͬչǡ
ͻȻһоˡ
飬Сģ
˲䷴ӦݴǺͻҲ߶Ⱦ裬ǵļл֮УһתԼӱϣƴ߼򱻿ˣ˳˰ΧȦ˲ӿ֣սһƬ
ǳѾʶˣȻĵط˲ͿЮ֣ԽҲ˵ϣ˶ҩ޷ѪȻոҧ죬ʹзǡ
Ҳûˡ
ݴǺͻ䱻סֱӳ֣ھס˳飬ţֲ˺ǡٷҾͲɱˡ
˵ĻһʮҲ˽ȻѾˡ
ҲԸԿֱӺ֣ͣ
ݴ˲˵һԣԷֳֶ״̬ٶ֡
ûҪ־ܣƺĲҪǵ
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Ȼ֪Ӧû˻ţû뵽ܳȻô֣Ҫ֣һʼͰźˣһҪоǵĹԱӦܰô·ͽ
Ҳ˵ûԤ⵽ģ˵ڡ
ûж
ӺųĲӣֱ̧۸鿴ĺѾˣ鲻⣬ûгԹҩŶԡ
治ԲضҩҲԲؽҩһ㲻֪𣿡Ц
ո˵Ҳ滰棿Ц
ŶģǶ滰ЦЦ
˵ɱǣҪʲô鿴ԶѾʼְ취
ͬʱҲ취
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ϵͳʧܣע⣬Ϊάƽ⣬ԾģʽֻڼΣյ״̬⣬ڲδΣ״̬
ʲô˼ֻеʱ򣬲ң
û뵽ϵͳһУϷҲǰ֪ʹơ
²군
ȵȣոϵͳ˵ΣգѵвɱǣԵ±Թ
Գʣȴֵĺʧɵģһʼûб˼ֻǶڵЩˣԪȼվʧˡ
һ˵ţһ߾Ȼ½棬ҪɱңӦòϧһдۣ͸ǵĻʵһըҩһ˰ˣǸҪðգ¥޹նкβɣϾЩɱҶкôɡ㲻֪ҽڵʱ򣬾֪ûõİ취жʧ
ǰѾô˵ѵˣôôĴʵ᲻ᷢ˳ڱ㣬ˣֻʧɱ㣬ڼӵô飬ֶȼϣˣģ߳һѪɱ¾֮·ŶԣôֱأǡΪ𣿡
أ֣ѾˣԭΪֻס飬ʲôأ
ȴͻȻʮζ
ɫѾ׺ˣ֪ע⵽̫ΣˡԼָⲻԼܿƵģֻ㵽Ҫ
§ס˳飬ץʱȴӳĻͳһҩƿԭֻҩҩû㡣Ϊʵ࣬׼㹻ΪȷЧڽ档
ȻҲһЩ飬һˡ
ΪǸԼԣǲ£Ԫȼݶ¶ˣʲôҪ𣿿ǵĻʱ򣬾ЩˡҪѵֻĵҪ֪ǲı뷨
ҩƿʱҲЩ±ƣԽΪû书һʼûʲôⶾҩŻҩѵҪ裬Ҫʲô֪ʲôϵͳҲ͸δ
ţͿڳһЦݣ֪ˣ
εһ˲飬ոյĶԻȫûбܻ䣬Ѿ뵽ʵ;á
ͷϵ֪
Ŷʲôʱ֪ģǸո֪ģһ֪ʵ
ͻȻʶһ⣬ɫ΢΢仯ʱǿиι㣬һ˲ĴԺסˣԼ˲䣬ŷӦԼѾ޷Լˡ


237 
˫˲ʧȥɣҲʶҩЧˣҪʲôԸԴ
Ҫ˵ͱ˷ѷְ죬޷˵
ŭ۵׵ĺɫԽԽԣīɫɢе㵱궷԰ʱڵӣע⵽һ㣬ûеǷӣ˷
֪ı׶мģ᲻ֱƭأ
˵ȴһЦʲôģҪ˰
ѵѾһˡȥֱͦ׵ģʵϵı仯Ľ˷˼ءЦ˵⼸죬Ǻúõһ
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ʱ϶֪û֪αװ˳Ŷ԰
һʼ֪֮˵ĳԪȼΪ֮
Ȼֵĺ򶨣Ѿ뿴ˣһԪȼĻˡҲе㲻ˬĺӰԪȼ
ô֪ݵģ
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һ㶣ͼ˱ʷȴָʲ𰸣ÿλشֻ˵֪ѡҲûע⵽ÿλش֮ǰῨһ£ԭĻﶼתһƵġ
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ΪȥΪûͲУ𽥷ſģΪĵġ
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һشڳ˸޷ˣͻȻӦȻһֱ˵䣬һʼСƭǳҪս⣬ǶԳֺˣЩֻдŵ飬ƽʱı֣һӡǶûиǰദڵȷûκζĸо
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ųԽԽ˫ۣмȥ඼û񣬵ãЦ˵Ȼûʲô氮װΪ˸ıˡ˵˰ɣȡѵӦô׵űˡ
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ȴŭϲĳ飬ûõĸоԺֹܿһֻų°̧ͣͷޱŵôԼƵġ
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ڳ޵ԨǱʶõ꣬ͬĴǿɱأԪȼ
ĺö̴ƺѾ׽飬Ѿʹľˡһ˫ΪҪܿǰʧȥеĹâúڲףҲʧȥеڳĵ׵ұƣ¶пһ㡭
˵ĶԣûлɹֻǡԣԷ˼
һֱڷͬĴ
ƭѣáΪʲôͼŵվᱳ
ٵģһöǼٵģůǼٵģаҲǼٵģƭĻᡣ˾衣ޡúޡǼٵľͲøϣ
Ȼδйʶһʱˡ
ͻȻ
ĺ۽ϡ
ǵģڣҩˣ޷Կص״̬ǵԼ˵ʲôҲļǵóıôһһ㱻ġͺץ֣ŽϵĴ顣
һһ
ţҲѡ
Ǻ˳飬ҡ
Ļû˵꣬ʧˣһһ룬ȻǰһסĲӡ
˵ķӦϡ
˫ѪһƬ׶ĹâͬĶȮ
㣬ƭң
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£Ҫ
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ոһֱûľ
һ룬һʣǰӰһͣˡ
һһӰ˲ɫͬҰ޳һһʽŷɱ۷ڵԵĹмܲסȫѹƵĺˣֻһһƺߣŻ˹˲Ϣ䡣
ݴǳûߣһʮҲǿվŵĶŶ棬׻һ㣬ܱȸոȫƵá
ʱԼոձϵֱۣҲΪѪӽǿȥûĸǰڳ̬ͺһͷŭľþ޴סԼۣκ˿
ü漴˰֣ĻȻƣˣǲս˼
ԪȼҾɵģûΪУȷԼԽˣˣҲ͸øˣҲκ飬Һڴı֡˵ָ꣬Ŀһۣ漴ЦŴ˾뿪ˣȻĲΪС
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Ϊ֮䲻Ҫıף̸ͨͺá
Ҳ͵͵ҪǱףô˵
û뵽ɬĳô棬öôϵı飬Ĵʻ㶼޷˵
Ĳˡ
żˣֲ˳ûϢ˰Ը˰Ϊܺ£оֻһͻ᳹ʧȥ顣
ʲôԣھֲҵƭͱѺ󣬳ѾŤƫִ޷κΨһһܶ鶼ȥɣڳȴִͷβƭ
ҲһֱصĿ־壬ΪֻҪమˣȥһ̹׵ģʱҲǲڵġǡ
飬ôоദĵεΣһ빲ɵұҺŷϲ㣬ҲӦøоĵɡġ
ôٵΣͻȻɳƵ߿ڴҵ
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ıԴ񱻴˺üһ
촽ңǣǡ
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ͫײȻŬ磬ҡϲ㰡
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ȻվҪ飬ס顣
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𿿽ңҷĻɱƭҵˣңǻе꣬ȹңҼǵáҪȻҪӴԺ󣬱ٳǰҲ˵㰮ҡ򣬾ͱҲ顣
˵꣬һ˦ذֱӷͷǽڣذûǽ塣
ɵˣҲĿųתҪߡ
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ŵš
һ㶣Щ̣ˡԽŻ䣬Сȸ»ȥ飬
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ŻûзӦԽҲΣͷһʧǵҲֻҡͷ뿪
ǵԽ׷ʱ򣬾ͿݴǷס˳顣
ѾѪε


238 
ڻȥϣ˶ǷˣȻ˵Ҫ۵ģûпʼͱ˦ˡ֪鲻ô˵Ը񣬾͸Ѿεʱ򣬸˵¹ϵͳһ޷˵ڣҲöһģ϶ǡ
ԽԽڣ̾
պ»ͨġĻȻһҪͬһжˡ
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ҲǲͶҽˣϽϵͳ棬ѡһäУ㿪
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ĬһŻû¶ۣ漴ʵǵΣ
Ƕûд󰭣һʮ΢һ㣬ڣõģأûʲôҪ飬ͺúõšľشϽˣִأôûмˣˣȻûߡ
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ԽһһȥϳģϾǻйְľشԼĶ
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У˵㡣
üҷȥɡ
ʮһڵ룬Ҫ̤һҾʹ㡣
ʱùǺ
ʮȴһۡôƭӸ飬ûѾǹ֮ǰˣҶ㶯֣֪𣿡
Ȼ˵ϲȻ֪֮ǰʲô飬һȴ֪ĺӾжϲģԲۡ
ҹģȥӣȴ۾ŴһҹδߣӿŶۡ
ʮһ뵽Ǹ棬͸ûɫˡ
һǲǶϲ
ͻȻ飬ʮһ£վҲûðҪŲţ֮Ҳȥӵġ
ĿһۣҲӲӲֱ˻ȥҲͬİ취ţȴʼձһʮס֪ԼܴùʮҲֻʶʱķ
ľشҲʰҪˣͻȻûȥԺӣʱȼϣʰĶ
ľشź֪ʲôʦ˵ˣЩҪˣԲʰġҾӲľشۼôϲģŲŻᳳһܾͽء
ͦģȻ֪ʦֵˣ֪Ժȥ𣿡
ͷ
ľشЦŵʦӿɱˣеˣȷ㻹ϲʦ𣿡
һ£Ҷϲ
ľشЦļǾУҲ˵ģҿֻ϶ʦɩ
ƺŪһ£ʱ˺飬Ƥͷţʦɩһʦֺͺõġ
ľش뿪Ҳʮֻܴڼ취
ҲһľǣȻûеõмֵϢҲĿġ
Ԫȼ̫ˣòҵһġŪˣڷȻһˣͶԳӸȤˡҪϷ޲԰ʵһУȻٺúõĸݡ
ȷһ֮󣬳ͷʱԸˣΪɱҲڵľƲˡ
ǱѾ쵽״ʼѲݴǺٴȥˡ
鵱֮󣬾;ݴǺ뿪
Ȼȥˣǿȥ߾ﱾǰ߻ʵԶҪҵǸͲܡ
ҪǰæӲ߾ȷȥ֮ûжľٶȻ˵ھǲԸѱԸϵʱûԴ֣ܳɲ뻹ûб𣬴ܾûˡ
ǾͨӵݴǺ͸ıƵѡ
ҲģģһΣľشȷסˣ͸Ͻ׼ҩǵڶ뿪׼
Ϊһϵе˼Ͱţһҹδߡ
գˣ鱾ȥǵݴ뿪鱻ֻųȥ侩ǡ
ʮ֪ǾȻԼȥˣ֪ǵĻǼʣȲסˣ취ͻʮķء
ؼʱХڻˡ
ոż̳ţǰһ
С˾ˣң
Х
ܿ죬ʮűסͷɱ
ýֱָķȥ
¥¥ٽ
һСãһ߿ų̾Ϊһ㣬ˡ
鿴ü˵ʲô
˵˼ĵˣ㾹Ȼܷģˣջˣǲ̫ҷˣͲһʱȤֱ°𣿡
ЦһҳڶԸ㣬ǲһ־ܣ˵ֻδСˡ
ЦŶ𣿱벻ɵˣôԸұȽϺá
ɫ΢䣬Ʊֺ̧¡ģһ죬һҪ
ϵЦݸӷˣתƻ¥滨ײ㳣𣿡
鶯΢΢һδش
ͻȻһ¥´
飡
˲佩ס¾ƱԼƣȴûתͷȥЩȿ棬ֻվ棬ͷǣ˳㻹ݺݵĵһۡ
Ӵˡ
ûлӦ
ףԱ߻һλӣŶʶκ칫˵Ҳ֣û֮ãճ֮ǰһֱճ칫ӵģʲô
̧ͷôģ
üЦˡ
Ծûȥ棬ֱӳһߡ
ӰһոҪͱһסˡ
ֹӣأҪ졣
ȴˣǲԼôһˣǸΣա
һĹĳ飬֮ǰļŭҲɢ˲٣ĵֹӣʱ㣬㻹ǻȥɣΪˡ
ô£һãȻʱɵģҲǳǰϲ۽θڣû뵽ǡ˼ҴҵΪʲôˣ͸Ͻˡ
һȴԸ˵λ߰ɡ
۾ҪˣֱӳŶ¥飬̸̸кܶܶ໰Ҫ˵
£Ҳÿڣֻܸɿš
ͻȻһͷһ
һ˲ָʾûзӦ֮ʱһ£ֱεԵס
ȵأʲôܺú˵
һȴǿӲ칫ӣ鲻ã㻹ȴ߰ɡٲߣ㶼Ҫεˡ
ȻܷܣּΣҲֻȰͻȥˡ
ǵ뿪ʱ򣬻̲סͷһۣȻȴϡ
һ£漴εĿЦ
ԴŲõ񡭡ѵڳԴŪεģҲò§ߣ㻹ˣ
ҲǸ㲻ʲôֻܲһ˱Ժ
һһʵأûô˯ȴһ˯ϣ𴲺󣬵ʶʲôʱĴ˶ɥˡ
洫һʮС˾˰أһεȰ˵ʲô
ʮըˣòᡣ
䣬ֱӵſɡ
ʮɰ󣬶ݺݵĵһۣתߡ
⵽ô£̲סʵôֳ
̾һС˾˴ľƣ̲סߣҺȾơƽʱעԼľһΣһʱؿںһʹС
ʧʮȻڰûһһˣǷ࣬˳㿴ʮ׸ʲôôҵӵġ
һХڣˡ
㲻֪֣ҡ
ˣ߰ɣԻȥϢˡ
ʲô˼ˣ
һҡͷΪ˱Хڣ˭ܶɡ߰ɡ
ʮǲ֪ʲôӦˣӵʲô˼
һͷһȾƵˣ̲סô룬ֻ֪ںܲù
˽լУݴѾװ복ɺãȵҹͿԴ뿪ˣһ׼ݴǾȰȥϢǰҹҲûˡ
˭óѾƣˣ˵壬ôţ⵽æµŰ
ԽŻ䰵ʾһ£ݴ뿪
ȵھʣˣԽڵ£ϢˣĲҪ㶢š
Ҫݴ뿪ֵ
£Ī˯ţԽڵƽյҲʧ
ûлش
Խ̾һ£̫ӵ£ֻҪҪʲôܵõοΪԼ
ͣ±ʣ̧ͷԽΪҪʲô
ԽȴЦǲϣ˵ٶ඼ûãֿɵãĲҪ𣿡
ĬһڿڵˣõãģѵáҸģֻõˡ
Խ£Ҳ˵ˣֻ˵Һͻ䣬ǸϤ֮ǿ֮ǰΣ֮ĸģϲ㣬㲻Ըͬ𣿸οʳЩ⣬ʵ֮ǰĴ𰸣ʹʱ֮ȷŸƭǲԺ󲻻ı䣬ͱ𣿡
Ҫ֪ģ˵ģٸιһҩʵʵʳͺ𣿡
ǡƽѾˡ
ǲţǲȥš
Ҳˡ
˵꣬ͼ±д
Խһ㶣ųƺ͸ʲô飬ͼ˵Ļ˿ˡ
һҧʮ¾
龭ʲô˺ʲôıѣ½½֪ȫò˵Գͬܣ˵ģЩˣűˣ׽ҲñֻĻɡ
Խǳûڵ״̬ӦҲʼնͻ䶼ᱣֻɣҲ֮䲻ЧҵĹϵõĹϵˡ
ڵĸı˸ˣȴҲΣա
̵ǴıԴͷжƭ֣֮չĶôãԳԣѾںǲǰˣֻ֪پκƭ
ˡ
ųпܸ˺ˣԽ⣬ԽǰԽų⡣
ԽޱȵǣѵĲٴ
ͻȻ⴫һʮˣſڵһȻĶԻһˣ㱨ûзǵ֤ǵĲûҪľȫˡ
һΥʮ׼򣬶µ˵뿪ʱ칫Ⱦƣ˴Ҫҹơ
ʮȵĿһһۣǻХ
һ㱨꣬ʮˡ
дĳеıûͣ£ĳһȴīĶࡣԽȻˣ˫۾Ͳɵˡ
Ȼһǣ˵ĻеľôݾûãҲֻҪһС£һ仰˲ԼΪվǻԼġ
Խһѻ𣬡¼ȻǾɣ˵û֮û˺棬ϾǰǺϲģҾҹ۲죬Ҳе㡭
ųԽԽ޷ԿصԽϽѽ°ˣ˵Щĵ顣¸ˡ
ͻȻ˷š
һʮǰԸ
һ£ȵĿڵһڱԺ
ʮܵ͡
һϽʮһ£ֹ˵
ȥȡһ¡
漴һʮṦٴԺ
ڸʱƵģһʮΪǽӦûȥԺˡ
ǳȴֱԼԺӣһɵҪҽˣԺӺл⣬ܻڸȾơ
ǳȴֻǽһ˲䣬߶ûƫһ£ֱصԼԺӣ̤Լڡ
ǻҶģģ˯šҪյơԴӻյ֮ÿߣҲڣʹûҲܰȻ˯ˡ
ǵ̤뷿һ˲䣬ȴ˵ĺ
¹⣬һһĻڣеǳ飬еԪȼЩЩûǶóĻ
һչУתͷʱһСߵһ̳
ſ˯ˡ
齩ӲſȥԺϤߵ˭
һ˲Ϊ룬ϵĻһһ⡣
һռϷ磬һ֮ʱϵ˺ӦʲôȻӴľֱ˶
ܶ㿪ġܶ㿪ġ
һ룬ǿҵӵһ飬ߡסĽ
ȵֱ;ζ׾ٵĺ˳еľġ


239 
СԺУǿƵХҪԼӣϽֹ
ǺȰôȣС˾˴ƲѾԼκˣѾƽʱľǾ޷еɢӶǳ顣
ȾƲǹƣʲôƾͬ˵Ҳֵֵܰǵ
ХһĵĳŶ;ƵûֲܺȣֻܸɿƷ衣ֻƬֻ֪йϵ
۸ˣҪȥһ𣿡Х򵥴ֱ
ͬĿХһۣҲ˹üУҲκ˺
ХĿЦ
ͻȻž̳ί˺ۣ˵ϲҡ
һ㶣ХûʲôȨȴֱ׳Ҹұ֤ϲ㡣ﰵﶼԹöδˣôܲϲ
Ȼ˵ģʱͷϣҲẦ£ʵȷûϲңֻеܵ뷨ѣһԭͻϾһһҲ̫ˡ
ֶ˵СеģǾѣͲῪʼХü
Ҳͷ͡
л㱵ǰǶʼˣˣŬһ¾һ𣬿ȴˡ
ֻҪһ鵱ʱ飬񵶸Ĳ֪ԭѾôϲˡǿͬ飬Ҫһ
ļģֻҪһ˵һģڶûϵǿɶĻӵİʱ򻹲һ빬Ļߣܲģ㲻üһʱ
ҪżҸˡХܲ˵
Хһ˵ֵ꣬ôܰ
Х̧־ҪẢӣ£ˡ
ХҲֻ֣ĳԲˡ
εүȾƻġ
һάХӣС˾һܺȡ
ХʱˣЩˬĿŪʮΡ
ʧˡ
˭˵ҲܺȣХоǰˣֱӵһƣǵΪֻҪµ˲䣬ƳͲǲֱͷһȡ
ֻһöϽֹХͷȴֶͷѾʯϿĺˣԱǱЦһ¡˵һˡҪԼ֤
Ҳˣž̳վǡԱ㣬ҡһ¡
Ͻү˶ȥϢˣһû˰æ
ȴûƵģԹԵߵ鷿˺һ󣬱еĻ˳
Ҳᣬֱ뿪ԼԺӡ
ѾεĲ֪զˣֻȸһ·ȥ˳Ժӣķȥ˰æչүһˣȻæǰæģﻹһڣ˵飬ϽкҪȻʧˡ
ǺѣֻоŻԷڳϢѣ
Ļһһչ֪ȻѾʮҹλ˲䡣üʵ˵Ǳص˼
Ŀţװһǳկװ磬̲סɬٿԶԪȼ̫ͼǸݻǱߵͼԼһģŻģʱȻ֪ˣʲô޹أֻϲѡ
һӵĻ̲סˣҲˣ᲻뿪ҡҡλεߣֱſȥס˱Ӿͺס˳һͷͷԼ֪ȻҪ˯ˡ
Ǿʱһ쾪
˭
Կһ˲䣬ĵȴͻȻŻһ㣬ǡˣ
Ȼ˺ڰеӰ´κһᣬڱס˼ĺˣ䶼˵Ϣʱڸоλ
飬ߡ
ס飬ƴ˫깴֮ǰֻ׹һΣȴڱըĸʦͨ·˵Ѿϲˣֻж⡣
龹Ȼûз˵ϲȴǡ
·𿴵ϣӵĸǵĸݣܶҧʹ˳飬ûз
ûзҲûӭϡ
ͻȻӦѵһжԼΣԳŻô˳
һɱϮпΪΪĳ飬кأ
ͣסһУסĶͷһߴϢһֱֱĵ䣬˫ֻ᲻÷ſץסԷļ
㲻ϲѾϲ𣿻˵δϲң˵šҺòã
Сίӣǳ״˳һ˿ֿڴԴźţһеȲ
ϲ㰡
˵ڵһ˲䣬ʲôƵģӿ֣ѹĿڵľʯȻ
ʹȥšʹûеõԼĴ𰸣ʹ֪ĸȫڶԷĻ֮ϳɵģȴ޷ٶ˵ѣһЦٴαƭһԵΣˡ
·̾ͻڨЦҿ԰ҵİҵҵһж㣬ֻԳ棬İԶҶȥһ˶¡
ֱΪǰһһӾͱײһԹŻϣĺ޲ýڣǼҵĲŶԷıӣܻӭľϢ
ȫܿƵйƵǸ˲
ɵˣΣǶôõΡ
ϢȫϣһβҪƭң˵һϲңҾţӴԺģֻˡ
ֻ
ϣһ֣ͬھ
ûˣˣĺҪǾֻô졣
ڰУ۵׵ĺɫڷ̳Ѫ𣬱䲻ĶԿ˿ǿҵ뷨ֻ·ֻҪӵˣҪˡ
ĴڲԶǶȵı任Ҫĸѥ·ʲô
ԼĻ͡
ô򵥣Ϳӵгˣ
촽Ѿ޷ֱ棬⾿ǲξˣǴȴʮּ򵥡
顭ԪȼҰ㡣
һЦ˵ĺá
֮ľǱȸոոǿȵǣŲס˵أʱҪ¡
ת˲䣬Ѿ˴ϣѱҲ
ȴδͣ£ڣҲ𽥷̣˴˶оʲôҲ𽥱ζ
ӵǣѹϣ죬ţһ·¡
ȵ鲻ǵһΣһΣȴޱȽš
Ѿɢ䣬ܿ˾̹
ͻȻƲסһٴһһգһֻȴѾο궯ӡ
̲סһֻסϵĳ飬һֻҲȥæ
֮ͨˬǼµܣҪٿʲôԾȥǳ顣
ڸоܹһ˲䣬˶صĴϢһ¡
ˣƾЧӦڼʲôȥֱж·Ѿη壬ֻҪǳСţ𽥵ĸо˷
ѹϴϢȴԽԽأûвֻǻζոգɬĺȻϲεĵš
š
ƽˣ
飿ȻĻһ
Ƕֻгصĺ˵һ𣬸仹һƬճ鲻ʲôӦֻ˷š
壬֪ʱȴͻȻоǽƤΪ鶯ȶȣѾеȶˡ
󾪣Ͻƿ飬˰ѱӸǺã·ȼ˵ƾߡ
ϸһշ̷죬ѾȻ̬֮֮ǰľش˵˺صˣڿϳ˲ĳ죬۵׵Ҳˣ̬֮зǳԣϽȸһһЩϵͳҩι£ȥҪŪˮ
һӰ
һȻһ
ƾͱŹˣһҲ˲ϿܱʲôΣϽˣҸιҩӦܺܿգ
δҹûۣľҽ˵ʲôʱε֣վУϢͺá
һֻ֪ҪܸоϢǻԣҲ޷תá
ĵͷ鷳һŪЩˮżĻȥչˡ
ϵͳҩܿͲˣǸȫһ飬ó˯һ㡣
ŶԷ£۵ףǻֹס
ǳ飬ˣԼߣڴϣֿɼոǻ⣬һΣʹ֪ϲԣЦˡ
еᵽʲôγ棬ΪҪǧѲ׷صˣһѾˡ
ϴס飬˹ȡů̲ס૵ôôðҵǸͣԭˣôô˰
˵˺ܶ໰Ҳס˯ˣҲﵽ˼ޣϾնûкúϢˡһҲܰ˯ˡ
һ棬ʵÿҪһʱǶҪŶԣͻᱣһľ룬̫ͲһҲ֪ô
ʮѾһɻȥˣոǸǾ֪ϲݴˡ
ʮȥʱѾݴǸóʱ䣬˶ڣֻʮһ˻ˣζĿʮ
ʦȥˣô⻹¶أľشū˼۵ùǺܲˬʦԼڣ͸Ӳˬˡ
ӡʮĪһ˶ĸо
ʮȵӣԽЦҲü
ݴҲЦſڵ£ܷ뿪ˡ˲ͱݴҪõϢ
жף˿ѾͺˣΪȻϿˡ
ԽЦŵպǴո𣬴Ӵ˾糯
˸ǱЦѡ
˿ȣһˣݴǹָǣ¾Ͱˡ
˵ͷ˵أ󣬻·ݴǼαװ˽Ż˯񻺻ʧҹɫ
ûˣαװһ˳ݴҲ˳˽󲿶ӣҲʱʹãʮֻԾŸõαװ
ȳֵʱݴǴѾһˣϵڳĿĵѰҡ
˯˺һϤϢ¶һֱߣǱʶ֪ȫϲĵط·еƣһɨգ;õ˴
黺ۣ۵ľ˯ĿһɣòЭ̾Ҫġ
һУǵãңŹԼҲȫԼսͷ֣һ
ȻȥҪ
ŵİѲϵһһ£óҲ֪ʱûϢãҪȻȻԼһֻϰԼķһϣֻҪֻһͻᱻ̧
Ĳ̲ס˶֣Ȼܿ;ˣܵķһ뻳С
ſϷĿֱɵ𽥾۽
飬գգۣǲڵɬһ£ȻŸоԼץŵĶʱʶʲôϽҪ⿪Ҿǡǡ
ȴδ⿪֮ʱֿסְͷϣʮָۡסҪ͵죬Ĳ˲䣬̧ͷü֮кеİ⼸סˡ
ҸǸԲ𡣡

죬ұ̼ͷˣ˵Ļ㶼˰ɣֻס˵ľͺãʹûзҲԶһˣӲҲ߲
ͻȻЩܿصĺۣʵίģֻǱôһ˵Ȼоίˡ
ǣõǸңҵȷƭ㣬ҡ
ֵͷһ£ɳƵߣֹסۺͺڣΪʲôʱҪ衣
Ƕʱ䣬ƭңʵҲһֱƭ㣬ֻû뵽㾹Ȼȫ֪ЩҪˣδ̹һУҲٶκ飬԰ɣ
Ͻͷᶼˡ
Ŀ˵һΡ
ʲôһʱûӦ
üЦȫעĿ˵Ұ㣬֮ǰͶˡ
϶֪ʲôˣĿշ̣̫λãڲʵĸо
飬ҡ
Ԫȼ
ԪȼҰ㣬֪ʱʼ֪ʱѾֻˡ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôЦʹ֮ã
һ㶣εȷ֮ã㣬ֻ㡣
ͷһ£һƣ˲оʲô
ĶߵǾ֤һ¡
䱻ҧסʱһֻǿһ
ǲίˣҸǸǼû顭ԽԽɳƣҲ˳Ŷ򦣬˵ƶˣѹֱţһˣȴоӹǶˣҲ
Ҫ˰ɣȿȣðɣ׼ģҪ£ˣɣ
ͻȻǱߴû
н֮Ҫ㴦һӲͷƤڴ˵
Ҫˣʱ˽һˮƵģǿнȡ
鲻վ²֪һʱҲЩڡ
Ͻ⿪ų𴲣Ҫ
Цһ૵ͺ֮硣
Ѿʼˣû塣
ûʲôҸͷ


240 
ʰãһδʰĻ黹԰Ļ̫ԪȼĻ̲סʵʲôʱ򻭵ģ
Ƿϲʱ򣬻ġεİæʰ
óˣЦ
ˣ֪ʡ
ЦЦһɽϵͼζһۡ
Ͻ߻
ǡϲڵӣǸϲԪȼӣ
û뵽Ҳ⣬ֱӻشϲ̲סЦûԪȼʱڵӣ϶ϲڵӰģҲŬ½ܵġ
䣬ͱȦ뻳Уǰ
ֱõͳʹԪȼҲٴϡ
ıеĹţĺ֮ºŹȰĺɫ쳣ġȻˡ
ˣ૵Ѿˡ
һЦԼòƷӵ˼£Եΰصġ
¡Ժ󹬳ӯҾͻὥ̲סСС̽һ¡
һ㶣漴Цģ֮£ֻһˡ
˫Ŀų飬鷳ʱȥ룬ֻҪһһһ˫˵ģκѶԿ˷
ȴúЦƭʱ򣬶޷԰ΣģҪȥˡʲô󹬣ôܣδ
һ㱨һȫܻ
ݴǺѾȻ뿪ŹعĿ
һɫͲÿˣųùżҪֹסƮ
Ƽʹ󷽰żչεЦЦ̲ס˹ȥ
һһЩȣҲûж˵ʲôλɹҪĸˡ
żҲû˵ʲôǽҪ뿪ˣóȥĩ˼һ䣬ڵġ
вΪʲôҪװӣĻ𣿡ĴѾˡ㡭Ҫȥ𣿡
ЦŰˣ㲻ȥ
ҭһ£ķǵҾǾòȫҪȥĻȥ
ͲȥľΪòʲô飬жϣøȥҾͲá
վҪߣɱûˣǸ˾һ֮ȥ𣿻סɡոýˡ
ͷɻ㲻һȥ
һ㶣ʱЦݾֹסˣţһ𡣡
ºһЦϽϡ
˳ԺžͱִȻһٽѵ
ڡ
¶Цݿûע⣬һԸ˳ŵŵòᡣ
ҵĴҺˣΪС˾˻æչأϽŶֺȵˡ
һȾƣڿڵ
ͷεһֻӸϽˡ
ŶֵҺҪŰ켱£칫ӡ
дˣһˡִ
ôȵ
г˼¶ֿڡ
ֻܵУͷҸⲻǡ
˵飬˾ȥݣʹ뿪ʹͣʽ·
ڰİڷӣʥŮ
ʥŮЩʱգȻûֳ£̫֣ʥŮо
Ҫ˵ЩʲôʹĶİϢЦһ¡
ܿ죬ݶĴ£˳顣
ЦݲãһΪ㲻أҪǲĻǻһܴܡ
ͺڣϣµܲҲڡ黺ڵ
Ҫ˵ʲôͻȻ΢䣬һֳųĲ̽ȥ
ԶڵһĻҪȴһסΪѾ֡
Ǻ⣿оҪҲûֻǵ俿
Ŀڳ鲱ɨ䣬ԵǺۺҧۣջûУƺѾ˵ʲôյĳԵľʮ㣬ȥȫͬ
ò˵Ǹϲսĳ飬̫иɫʣȴϲȨһ£Ǿˡ
ѾͺˣСˡΪźԪȼ㾭Ǽº󱾿ûġȴָԼ㣬ǲǵ
˲
ܳɱڵ񣬵ǡʮֺĵġѵҪܾǣ߲һߣʱҧһڣ綾ޱȣҪСġ
ЦòҪ˵ɡ֮ǰ֮⣬鲻òΪж⡣
ȴҡͷôأ˭޷㣬СѾҶƫˣһʼҾӮˣͲˡ
ɫߣ˵滰Ǿǻ˻ΪУȫû뵽ˣڰ
Ļ鲻ȫţΪϷˣĿҲܴ󣬵ҪţǾͲǼ򵥵ˡ
ǵԱȺ͵͵Ǳ뾩ǵˣ
ȴЦȻֻ̽ǻָĲӣЦԪȼ˵ģ㻹ôڵĸһ𣿡
鲻䣬ĬԶԡ
ҿǺ㣬ø־룬ñ֪С֪ܺһסġ
񽥽ѵ㲻߶һİɡ
ֻ˵ܣʲôݰʲô㰡һй¶ȥ߸һҿϷϷ̨ϵĽǶ˭ᱳѣֻǿ˭ˣȻҸ뿴ͻΧҪǻΪۣء˻ܻ뿪ңҺֻܺʲôӣʱһҪһУٰص۷塣ĳŵֻҪܻ
˵ҲٶЦŰֵԪȼɱˣ̫ˡ
˵꣬תĿɨܱߣʮֻڸҪסʶߵݣܡ
ҲֻĿ뿪
Ķ̡
صԼϣϽʵô£
Ƿó˵һ¡
˰죬漴ƶôܣϹ˵ģսɡĵЩû©ġ
Щǳĵˣλˣ鶼ŹĶ߰
ⲻ˵һĻشbossͦ񣬾鶼ߵһܾ콵ɫϷ
еʱԭûȫ¶࣬ܶؾ鶼ˣҲͻȻһbossɡ
̲סĻΪʲôǳ鲻֪ģŻô˵ôȫ֪ĵЩأ
ʵҲôΪɣԻǻһ£м仰˵Ķԣññ˷Լ㡣
һȻȻĿ˹ȥ˿һ𣬲ͷͷ֣ڶӣֱۻţ޳ָľͽ֯һˡ
ܣڹȥһࡣ
ɫ˵ĺܶ㲻š
㡣ֱӵ
¸ЩԤһ˼飿ʵ
û뵽ȷͷѾ˵ףҲ˵ǳķ˼ϾɺϵľԶΣգŪһЩʦʦܶ޷Ūҩһж˲ţȴʵڡ
Ҳ׼Ͳó˵ѣֶԻޱų⣬Ҫ˽չȥǱҪ˷ѹأȻܻᱻ鵱ɷӣˣʵҲǡ
Ҫϸͣȴָ
ע⵽żģǵôˣ
ֻܼϣڳĴЩұﲻҾ˵˵Ĳ֣㡭ȥҡ
Ŀǽıʽǹ켫ˡ
˵ֻ˵һ룬Ҫȷ˵һţҪΪǷˡ
ǿż۾Ҫ˵ӣ֪ŬҪһЩ飬ȥȥ⣬ͺҵһݹؼţű˺ˣֻܴӲֽƬϢƲ顣
ڳУܾͣԸͻ䣬ԭĶ䣬СĺŻͻȻġ֪ܶ࣬ȥδһУ˶û˵ֻ
ʲô֮ǰлشǻΪۣүָʾô
ĴڣٸԤԶԱȣЩС
Ͼܶ䳣ͲͨģȻޣ֪һرĴڡ
ûгɹأҶȥ𣿡⣬᲻ǳһһ޷Ļ󣬵һʳ⡣
㶣˲ףѾƾǵͷԽԼ˵Ƭβˣڶû޷˶ˡ
ûɹһԼİˣʵ˵һС
ȴ𾪵֮ǰڻʹͻȻ˵ҪߣͲ¡
ʱôѹҡۡͷЦұİ취£ߡþǶãúõĹƽҡ
ȴȥıסҪǲڣôܡģ֪ˣǻΪۣҵĿ꣬ǻɣҲߡ
㡭𣿡Ȼ
̾һȻһǺܶ಻⣬ԸһСǵһļ棬ǲڰϺңͼʱ򣿡
ҿûСȷʱ㾹Ȼܲµ̫˰ɡ
˵ģ˵˵ǳµϵͳûơ
˵֪ʲôʱΣգҲʱҵңҲϲΪðգһܴӦ𣿡
ҡͷȻ˵̫ĻҲֻôˣҲˡ
֪ⲻ黰ԾֵģһٰϢԺйһ飬оЩӲ˲عЩЦ
Լ˼Щ⣬ӦΪЩģıһ޴ֿЦ顣
ǻһˣֱӳ޴ʽŪˣǶͺޱˡ͸ȥƭʱһɵ㣬ѡţȻԼŽ̲ĵ߻·һǿ·ߵġ
Ҳò̫ܣԲŻĬʱţǡ
˱øһЩİͷڷסģһң˵ҵģүҲܸ
ڷر飬á
˶ڸܴ˿̵ʵУøոǶĶԻԺеֻҪ֮ƭͱѵˣҪ
ڴδ֮ǰҪί㣬ΧεȻ֪һˣǶǲ̫׽ҲΪ˶ԸңǶ㡣
ûгίǹɵĵͷӦǱȻɣ϶Ŀŵûлָ֮ǰǻϵıֵܣƽʱ϶ֵġοǶеģܸߵġ
˳ӵó鷴ˬˣʱ򲻸ίĸ󱧱ײܴӦɡ
͡һû鷴ʵ
ȴЦʲôȫҶ
飺
ƺ뵽ʲôЦӴԺ̫ӵˣҵıˣԺҪ㺰һˡ
ͻȻ۾һ硣
ոЦҪӦͱһڡ
ֻѡһǵĿѡĸ
΢죬̫ܲסɫջֱӴȥҲһڡ
ѡ
鹴ǣ·Ʒ
Ϣ˲ƣһǣţֱ͸Ƶģ˽լȥȴҸۡ
һߣĶ˾ǣܵʳǾӣһ·Ķȴͣ¡
ôʥŮɻĿ
һһûءеĺӣ˰Ӱ棬ܿ촰죬ٶ³
ԶɽͣһվһˣͷԼȫס
ֱ߽Ż񡣡Ҫң
ЦЦҪɱ֣ھͻ͵
л°æ
´һۣЦŵ㡭Ҫ𣿡
˳Ĭͷ
Ǻǣ˼Һܸˣ˵뷨кϷҲ֧㣬ҪʲôܿڣһһǳҪ㡣
ָ̡
ʹڻߵıʿ٣һ˵Ĵһᵲסȥ·
˳˼һⱾµģֻпĻߵĳ顣
ȻԾưյĺ׼ԣԲΪãΪĿһ¡
¶ˣұҪɱֻʱðˡ
˷ܵĹâڴĺϢ
ߡȻĿ뿪
ȵصԼϣ̲סЦᶼҪЦˡ
ʥŮȴ̲ס΢ոԶδ˭һֲԤС
ͻȻǰĺӺͰͬʱ棬Ц˵ϷҪˣⱲܿһֵˡ


241 
뿪֮󣬳ȷνĶߵһӣǺͷѹĵס
֮ǰ˵ԤóΪ⡣
Ԥ¶ûԭг֣Ҳ˵ҲǴͷβ֪ġԤԣֻ֪֮һȴԤʾδɵĵ
һȻ˵ˣҲ֪ԤӰ˺ܶ飬Գ黹ǵһ
ĵʦڳ鿪֮Ž̵ģ֮ǰ鲢֪
ùȾ飬Ҳͷֻйλ©õĴ˵
ܹҲ֪˽ѯ˹ˣԤðһƣȻǲĴţˣ޴ӷֱ档
ԽͻҲ˼ˣֻ֪ȷһǩдԤԣǾʲôʼҵʱģһЩˣӦֻл֪
̫󣬻ϣ̻ʺҲԪǡҪǿе֪Ҫһᡣ
ԤԵҲֻʱ¡
ٽڹ󣬻ԱöԭУһԳǸñɣֱӱ뾩ǣݴǺһֱǹԳǺͻ̬ת䲢ûдﵽҪЧԳǻھǣеĵŴ󽫾ֻңҺϵͳֻĵ䡣ҪȻ񻹲ʧܡ
Ҳżְ͢Ѿ֣ȻԼĸһһýƿؽҲҪʱġԳǺ÷ѾϵҰ϶÷ܻӦֻҪһ
ʱ÷ԳѾͬʱڻϸǰˣͳոջع죬ͳˡ
ΪĻٽڱֵʮ㣬̫ͻȻӹעĻӣȵ̫߻ϣĻӸϵͳѧϰʱ򣬻ԥһ»ָԳ̵Ļӡ
ԳǾͲòʱѡһյŪһ޴ɳ̣Ļʾ
֪󣬾ڻʵ۵Ĵȴ˵Ϊ϶Գûг׵ģϣԼĸԼĹֶԴӦǱʶҪ˴ᣬ˵׻᲻ᱳ
÷֪֮ɫѿ˺ü죬ųڵ£ĻӶҪͬԳ׽е֮ɫǳԡ
ͦͬԽģһˣȴ죬ûҪҪ˺˵ɷӣֱ򹷵߾簡
ֻϧʹԳҲ֪Լ¶˿˼ȴԾ÷Σյʱܲ
һգĻŵģ÷ʱ㣬˽뿪Զεš
÷ˣΪ̫ǱϲҪǳ밲ֻÿµʮһ缴ɣΪ˳·÷Ļһͬȥ̫Ǳߵġ
ԭΪҲڣҲԵΣû뵽ֻԳǺĻڣҪǻйǣ÷ƶ߽ˡ
÷ڶʯ̵СϣֻߵСͷһ̤յء
ԳѾδ÷ˣ֮»һ˲ȸܵԷǰ񣬲̧ͷ
÷ԤǰкĻ뿪ֱ̤һɫʯϣȴû뵽ʯϾȻ˱÷ŵһһĹŮȻȥôܻǰԳǸ졣
ԳҲ书ǿ֮˵䣬÷˲֣һӾ§ס÷ˤ
Ǽһʱ䣬ԳʶʲôָϽſƽʱҲ鷳߱ȻлϵߣǴϵĶл֪ôء
ԳǺ÷ɫѿҪװ򶨣һ˾ɵˡ
ΪǵѾ̧ͷһԶ··Щʱգר裬ϻϾʱ䶼ɵġ
ҲҪȥ̫Ǳߣû뵽ײ
ϵɫˡ
÷ҲǴϽ밲С·ϵıûдɾ檸ովˤһӣºһҪСġ
ĿɨԳǣĬԳһֱûҴ
ԶǽǴ棬̽ԴţϵĳҲ㰲ŵģ˵ùǿ𣿡
ϵıǵĽ֪÷ĻӣԹССһ¡
ǣɺ϶ѡ˵Ķ³Ϣ϶̲סץץǰĻ淢
֪ǲĴǵĽǶȿȥԳ÷Ļӹһоرһڣ𽥳ĻӣԽϣЩ񡭡Խ
ԼԺе뷨һϽ񶨣ϾԭпûôѪ˵÷ԽԽԣĻôܡ
˵࣬ĻӺԽһʱȽϾãԲŻ
һüһҡͷó鶼û˼ԶˣĿ곬ɣ͸ɴԼģվ̧־ͻס
Լ뷨УûзӦȵϴʪȵŻһ飬عѾȦסѹϣŶϣҧŶˡ
˲ȾˣҲ˲ǰҪ㿪ѹ档
šķһ
𡭡ҧ̲סӣҪѶȴоЦ𶯴Ūˡ
ףôҧҾͿԣҷҧͲУôԵϲȻͳУĶױĳ˵ĥˡ
ԼԳǸкĶжӣǱһ֮󣬾ˣڵ֪ԪȼĶҲк͸ϲһˣû뵽ԼĶҲУҳܿ췢֣治ʱ򣬾ԴΪ֡
ĥĲУڸܵѹĳѾ̫ԾϽĳ˻תҪƿ飬Դǵ׼ѵһȴѾԵδڣͱס˫ѹס
Զϸ÷˵ҷ̫Ķֻɳôߣ˫ۻŵĿܣ±˿
ǵģ˵õĵأôĿŵĺ
Ĵ඼ˣŷ˫֣û뵽뷴͸ɴһֻץ˫ְͷϣһֻֿʼ࣬ɢֿŲ·Ҳͼ˲䣬ƺڻʲô
ס˵ֿ˫ֱɿҲֻĴڳļϣ˫ͱ׵һˮ˲Χ۵׻Щ⡣
һֱ΢˫ۣ᲻ȫϣʱʱ̿Ҫ飬˾΢΢ɿڣһ˿ڿжݵĳһ££Ұǣ߹ʲôῴġ
ĴϢ̱˫ֲɵץס½ֻǿ֧ţųı仯˵Ѿ޼ˣһΪվֱԵñȳ鰫һ㣬ֻͷţų˵ɶ
ۣξߢģĴݻ˳۵׵׺޲
ȺѾȥ˼ɣҵٶ£ոգ˺ܶ࣬ѹס·ҲԸоʱһ̣Żعʱһų崻ʱȻƿû
Լ侲һ¡仰͸Ͻ˳ȥ
һŤҪˣȴѾԶˡ
鰵һҲֻԼ侲
һ߳Ĺɫõ
֪ˣǰҲá
ĵ˳һۣǿɫɵΡ
ȥҩԡˡ
һ¹ˣĻȥҩԡֻܲˬ
һε˶û֪
Ӱʵ档Ҳܷ֡úõҽΪá
ɫĶҪīˣҽ
ǾҪˣȥ֮ǰľشúø鿴壬Ͼͷһˣ֪ϵͳҩЧǿα겻αҪľشġ
ľشϸֱ֮ﲻݵ˵һڽʦ֣̰ɲá
ڶ࣬Ŀⶼϣ龹Ȼһ׷ΪΣǽֹҲɣֹܲܲʱ䡣
Ǹ˿񶼱ˣ·ϿšĥС֡
ֱӵ
ʵľشҲϹ˵ģϴ֮ĺ鷳˵Ǽ۵׺ɫľشڻ֪ô£ֻ֪ܸ仯йأֻоһȷ״̬õʱ̰
ľشóҩԡһٿ
Ϊ˳彡ȻǼᶨס
˹Ǹ˯ݣ˵һοųҩԡ㱻Ͻԡ˽䣬ʵãеʱԵĽ꣬ͻᱧһ
ȻҲȣǵҲ̫⣬ϾĹ˲ոսʶȷŻ
ǳȴƻˣо֮ǰ֪ʱء
֮󣬳鴩ŵ¾ͳˣ춼ûкϣܲͷɢѲĳ飬ֱһƶĴҩʱսֻƿߣͷһ³塣
û²֪һٹһ㣬ҿҪˡкŨŨԹ
ģľش˵ˣҩԡбн͡ȿȡ԰ˣôô׳嶯
鰧̾һǰ£̲סϣ˲䣬ͷʲôԣԼõģҪҰ㣬׼Լ֡
оΣյشϽ㿪㲻ңһĹΡ
ԹĿһۣԭһ㶼Ҫҡ
ѾˣЦӦϽ˵£˶һңһСľͳ⡣
һεСЧûգԳǾͰԭĵ趨ֱӱȥߴˮһλ϶ûɱĲö֪ǿų𽥱任񣬾֪ˡ
ڻ׽ɱ֮ԥһѡ׽Գֱ̫ʹˣȻŲ̵ĸƻһ㣬û˵֪ôԴԳǣҲûֹǳѪû˿Щ˵³
ֻһ񣬡ڶ񼯣21Խ
ԵԳǳ֮ѪԨĶɱֽӵͳˡ
ʱѾʱڣдĹԱϻؾְһεĹԱҲ·ϡ
ļƻˡ
ڶ񼯣22ϴ


242 
ȫƿе񲿣ֻ̲иԱѡΡáְְԱǻϵһĸ
ļƻʵڳ黹ûлص֮ǰѾʼˡ
⣬ͳĻ
ΪĻӱֵ츳ͻ͸̫Ļ̫һʼǾܾģ̫СĻӲ߱ʸ񣬻
ǳó֮ǰϸ̫ͲòһǵҪ̫سŵϼƼ˵ûڳµʱĻһֶԻĿ϶һ־޴١
һǾվڵ⣬š
վϱߵĹԱְӣ½½д󳼾ǣĻȻ
Ļװ˵ӣһһ΢Ц׺ͣ˵Ļ¼ĹԱǶ̲סͷޡ
ة࿴ԼӣóܶԣʿȻǷŵ̬Ǹ׻ȡӵġ
ԱѾڵڵ̫ӣ˶Ļӵĺøпǲǡ
̫վڣɫΪʱĻѾȫķͷû뵽ĻûгĻӶĸ󻼡
ȵԱˣĻӲűȥ
Ǹ𣿡ʾԶĴꡣ
ͷ
Ҳ˹һ۾ϳ˳飬ȻֿԱߵͷ΢Ц
ѾãҲǼαˡ
ڳֶԸʱͼҪæҲԸһЩ飬оͰ˸ε
۲ţǸڵطʵص顣
Ҳǿƾٽʿǰ٣ε·ɽˣɥȪ˴ʮկĳ飬żһ
Ϊֱ֮ȻǸͿصı𣬳ʶģ֪һĵոĸٵɣȻװһбˡμСС;Ȼؽ󣬸Ϊ֪С
·;ϣԱ֮£ʱأȻвޣҲ֪Щⲻˡ̬ȣ֪õλþǶԸ
Ȼӣڱ֮ԽԽ֣ûǨΣֻнǮףеĹԱ·ϻɱٵʱΣʱʽβòɵԼɱǲҲԭ
ٵԽԽ࣬ʵµԽԽ٣ձĿҪȥˣζ鲻ˣǡʱ˵һţ֪Լʲôˡ
̵˺ܾãԳԴ˶ġҲǻһų֮ĲײǽͷľִС
黹ڽ˵ĹάرлмǱطλļһƻ֪Ǽͷ
ģԽԽĵֶˡ
ĻӸոԪվͱһ󳰷ĻҲֻӲͷƤԪ밲
ԪǿĻһ͸Ӳˣװʲôװ
ĻЩͬ飬ǵĺӣĻӵһңүʺֻϧڱĸ߶ȡ
̽ʹ飬ôĻӣԭĽĻԼס˼乬һγĴǰݣ뿪
ǸĻһ·ˡ
ܿ죬ϳͳֻվڽ俴š
㱨֮ʱͻȻһ󺰡
£΢Ҫ״˳ͨ£ʱȺ
ʱ黹ûʶΣգϾһֱֵĺ˭֪Ҫ˭ʲô
ϲõüʵϲԽ״Եùɢûء˼Ҷ浽ǰˣΪȻҪ
ʢܹܸ˵һεĹְϵͷˡ
ʢܹǰӹ״ֽϣ˶ĿţֱϿ״ֽɫ𽥱仯ɨ顣
˲䱳ѾµһϺ֪꣬ϵԣϢͨٵķԱһףֻб֮أ߻ʵԶŸҷĴ󵨵ƣΪץסѱû뵽һͱ˷ҧһڡ
ֱʢܹ״ֽܹгʮ״ֱָԱ̰ܻߣµÿһ
͹ԩĹԱҲ׷վҪ֤ף˵ܸ档
ȻеģЩԱ֮ǰǾϸѲЩЯҲΣһûдκ֤ݾ״ˣҪ⵹ֱЦ
ֻҪ˵һ飬һУ뿪ʹ󣬿ܾͻ촦
ƵСֶʵҲǻлᷢ飬ֻҪǲϵĸĵĵطҲһֻ۱һֻ۵ġ
һҲֻǰҪ֤ݣû֤ݣֱ߳顣
ֱӸһѵֻۣվڴ֮ϣ˺ǳ֮ʱ˺˹ۣȻ滹мв㣬֤ݣ֤ʣյѪһӦȫȫڹ棬ֻۻҡ
ɫͰˡ
ʱ򣬳˳黹ûշıĲǰվӣûϲϳͣةһҲò˵ڸһӵһߣֵ֮٣ϼʹҪƫ̻
˶ȹӱ֮ĹԱ
һҵĺԩ֮󣬻ϾҵĿԵ̣ҶΪϱˣ糯ڴæˣŻԶȥıӰ֪ǶĶѾ𽥶ѻЧˡ
գΪ岻ûϳڴͶԺԽŬ£Ͼ׼һ֤ѾֱӶҪʱ顣
û뵽Լһôûˣŭ䲻ֻо£ּͷ֮ҲδΣһڳʵ˲ģû˸Ҵùͷ
ҲǸ͵ӣֱӴǹٲˣھǿһСƹݣȻǳ鱳æġ
һµֱӸϺһƣûɫ˺üա
ɵε³֮δʱԶٳˣ˵ʧȥġ
洫ˮǣǰܰѿصס˶ϣ䣬ܸо͢ʧأԲűһεƼˣʧȡҪȨ͵ռ˲ţҪܳʱ䡣
̲סʵ֮ǰյʵ۵ʱ򡭡
һΪ͢ѪΪͻȻ䣬ķ֣ܶʱڴﵽûˡ
ЦȻģ
һ£ҵʱôϣ׽ʱ򣬾
ȿȣ˵ء
֮һΪǱ⣬ֱӽ¶ܶԸΪҲûаȫԼУһվλԲŲѡ͵Ҳǲʵİ취Ҳɵġʵг˱ȨѾΪˡҪԸľǳϣ
ʱ΢΢һ¡
ڵĴó̻ʺ÷ԪǺĻӶݡ֮ǰ˳ϣĻӵԵø߳һĻҲʧȥԳǺκӵֱ
ֻΪĻӵõ˻Ϻ̫ƫ𽥻ĺͳģŪóϺԪǶĻССѾ̤볯ˣһ˵Ԫȼ׾ϳ˭ܹ٣ԪǱȻῪʼĻӡ
ֻҪжһЩìܼɡ
Ǻܿ졭ͻı⣬Ϊᷢһֱӵİ취ԪǺͳϳ׷ĿֱӴݿǡ
ֻ취
ֲɵ顣ţûǺܹÿʲôܻ㱨ͻš
ȥӹš
ֱæ
һʱͫһǶֹסĳ鴤
ȻҪʲôʱүϸ;顣
ôˣ˵ʲô
룬ֽ˽ȥóԼ
ЩĿЦ˵ôҽˣ
ųɵɫиӶµûš
ֽ
һɫ΢䡣
ˣ
ֽдţ̻ʺʱй쳣ټϴľٶΪ쳣ͻ㱨˳顣
ֽһ˦ͶԱߵĻ¯У漴ͿԡͰɫǵ
ֱſԡͰϣ֡
£սų顣
۾һЦôңΪǸŮ̫ˣѾĸˣҵһѪͻֻǲҲ̫ˡ
⣬ҲҲԭ̣ҲԲ׷Ź̻ʺ޷磽ĺ⣬Ϊĸݶı䡣
һȣֱӶĳһ¡
ϢһӱײɢˣˣȵĿ죬üҪұ𣿡
ϽҡͷҾǵ㡭塣
˫гۣ·ŹâƵģøոջɳ޹еĳ˲䱻֡
ǰ;ƭʱܰϡĵʱ򣬹Ȼһ˿̸˵һ𺦳̻ʺ󣬹ԭĴӦ
̲סսĲ˲Ĵ꣬ɳŶôʲô֢ԺǷֲУģԲᡣ
չȻǲĺˣҲŲ˼
üֱȾЦ⣬ĺÿ㺬һЦˮӣͬˮ񣬸ľĶǣĻ꣬ǵһΪ˰ڶǾǱˮջһ㣬ʧȥǣ̲סȥġ
üдĪҲˡסЦ⣬Ƕ
ȻعѾˮվӵסԡͰֽ⿪·
Ͻȡȡ
üͷ𣬶˵ͰϽԡͰ
У顭
ѧˣңֲңҪҺãҪ
ѵ꣬ܵĻᣬѹԡͰϣݺݵȥһףһҲûֱͣӰ˰ˡ
ҴˣҴˣˣġովһʱʧ񣬼һ£û˼Ҫƽ䣡ҵĴˮˮǣϣ侲֪ǱﻵˣһȼҪȻҲô
оʧȥƣʱˡͺڵҪû¶ʲô簡
һ룬Ͼ˳
𶯣һ侲ˡҶҿܾͿƲˣҲϣʲô֢黹һأΪԺгҪǿĿסϾ˰ˣܰ;ϡ
ֻεĿԡͰϣͷϷһỺˣܸųĽ𽥷ɣίƽӷʡˡ
ԡͰеҩԱͺоãԼʹõĻˣҲѷӦ黹ôҲŲ⡣
˺һƽֱӿԡͰУҲ׼ȥԼϡ
һݵš
ոôˣǲˣ͸һԸе˵Ц⡣
ĳҪġĺǻĵϲ̲סס
ԪȼԺʲôѹߵ飬ߣһʹЦġ
ͻȻСۣȻ˵£Լʱļⶼˡ̲ס˲գǵ࣬ŻڵţҾҪұңʲôҡ

ޱһŻǴҳĬĬĵͷߡ
̫ǰ밲ΪܴһıŮӵĸߡ
ȴ뿪ǰżһԵĸŻͷһһӰӽ߹Ǹʮ죬ʱרŸ̽ĳϴ򣬾һֱԼҪԭǰ̥ͲãĲȫǴǸΪ̥ʼġ
ȲȥԼʹʧʼҵճ¶뵽ΪʲôŻô£
ͻȻ뵽ʱ̻ʺ󲻽Ԫǵ밲ڲʱһµ뷨Ժð˳
֮·ץסһʲôƵģƤ̫Ǳߣ˹۲칬ͷֻ͵͵ȥޱĴˡ̫Ҳ𽥽Լ֪ʲôԪȴʲô֪
һߣڹԳϴĵ飬յ˴𰸡
Խţ鿴żݵһ˲䣬۵׵ĵ׺ɫ񶼴ѪɫҲ׵࣬ɱЮÿһִЦӳﻺ³
ҸллôһѱǺǡ
ڶ񼯣23ѳ̻ʺԪǡ


243 
źŵʱ򣬻ڰĻӱ飬ĻӱˣżҴҵظϡ
һͻȻ漴ԪǵĴ
սһȻԶԪһŰѾ߿һֱ˵ԪȢ˾֮ʮ̣ȭߣ滹ǵһοȻΪ̫ûɽվ󣬿ΧûйˣȻѾһʱܿˡ
ȻӣԾǲΪˣҪĬĬ뿪ͿһȺ˴ӵɸպ·ƣȻͼװ밲ǰֹԪһۣµڵϵľ𲻹ܾת뿪ˣ涼ˡ
Ǳɷο˵һл뿪
̾һҡҡͷҪ뿪Ϳ
ǰɸϽЦ΢΢¡Ķӣ޷飬һ亹̲סѵ´ο黹ĪҪĺãһһСĳײ㣬̫Σˡ
ױϻǵжԷʢ裬ԪԼĺӶҺָʲôʱɳ֡
㶣ЩڨڨЦŵͷƽʱҲ˳ԼĽ㣬£ɱۣ˲ġ
ҲҲǵһˣķޡֹոպΪĻӵ飬̫ӾͰϣ޹
ڵŮû˵ֻ̫࣬ܶСģ漴̲סΪʲôûߣƿ˰ְҲҪɵİȫ
ƹܻ֮ʮæµ岻ʣնܾͿʼڸа︸׵æˡɽ͵
ͷмǹҳûͼæ뿪ˡ
صĲݣͿԽͷ߳ʹǰСڵ鲻̫ãҾȸˣոյõϢ̻ʺˡµ˼Ҫó̻ʺе̼Ԫǣֱҡ
̾һȻԭһ
ˣҲ˼ҲԽЦһ
ôңԪǲ𣿡
ԽļµνˣҸոպ񿴼۵ס
ֺˣĵ
Խͷɫ֮нǵǣ⼸ûлȥʱ˽լǱ߸ľش죬ľش˵Ǽпǿд߷߻ħ浤Ͳȶ£ͺͻһޣҪٻָͺѣֻһֱѹڵ߸ҡ
Ѿ뵽ˣѵУ
ҵǰǵù財ֲ޷ΣǰˣһΣջ߼˵Ĵ̼ܱ֮ǰױߣһҪСģһʧأעⱣԼõ»ع׷Ī
ԸжߣͲ
ԽЦˣŷ뿪
ݣͿǰɫ΢ԵѹˣϽһŻع
鿴굽Ҫɱ˵ŵõ˰֣Ͻǣȥ
ǰ̧־ͻš
ο̬Ķˣ̲סḧųͷ
ȷѾɱ̻ʺˣҲ֪ԪǵҲɩһֱάֹϵͻȻ黹ó˶˴ĵĲС
̻ʺˣϢ׼£Ҫͻس̥գϻֱһŮ󹬣װУʱͿ˳ǺӳЩϲӦö֪ˣҶ֧
ʵڸ㲻Ҳ̫˰ɡԭĵʱͲΪʲô̻ʺҪӣҲ˵Σգ⺢ҲȫҪø˵ģⱲӶĸ׵Ǻӡ
̻ʺ󡭡ǣ˼Ҳ֪ǻõ㣬̫ȻҪ϶ӶรڳǰͲˣǳΪ˳ĳһӣԪεݣλȷκС
ǰͥ󹬵ˣʱ̻ʺжԳ϶ԲǴѣ콵ˣܰѻҸǳϼеѷʽ
ֻǻϲһô룬ҲھᣬһԼ⣬һԼĻȨδػӳ
һһ㵹ԭûģľ飬̻ʺ󣬻ϺĲδ׷һϸ˼֡
ֻʣ³ϣǳٶһ˳ĺӣǳϱȻ󣬻Ϻò׵ȵûԼʱôԸ鷢Ӧûԥǰ֣ͲᱬԪǱߣͻ谭ңΪҪԪǺͳϷĿҿҲҪ֡ķ飬ȴԽԽ󣬳Ҫжˡ
ԭ飬ôȥɣԶľҲԶ֧㡣
֪Ԫһֳ̻ʺе飬ؽɱ֣ǺӱɣϾԪǵУڻʵ۵ĺӣֶǲԼһͬĸ츸ĵܵܳġ
鱧ƽһͿʼ׼
һߣص˶һֱͱԪǳˣҲһصԺͿŮһȲ裬ƼҲ䳰ȷ˵ϵˣþĺһ㡣
ԭ̻ʺе飬ûôòԼڵȴʺϵʱʱԪǵı񡣵ˣǽձͬ񼸺ǰѾϲڵϼ̤޹ߵĿܴʹ˵ġǷôܱ񿴴
ȻˣǾع£ֻҪع⣬̻ʺԪǱȻʱЦſ˶һ
ȷ뷨֮󣬾ܿ˻ᣬʲôʱҹ̻ʺйɵģһ͸Ԫǣտ̻ʺ岻ʣʲô֢ԪǣóϴҲڣԪȥ
ԪǱᣬԼĸ׵ĹػҲޣӶסԼĴ֮λĻӺ߾ϡǾᵽϽҲҪȥ̽ԪӦˣԼĸ׸ûоĵģʹǶҸҲЩϢǲĲỳɡ
ӦԪǻǾǰոޱǰͱס˵̻ʺϢˣˡ
Ԫǵ֣ѵʲô밲һֱܡ
Ԫɻ׼뿪ȴڲԶ˻ϵĽǰֻǣûлϵӰǻϽ˸Ĺš
⸽кü֪ĸԪȴһǿҵֱޱҲˣֱԼĸֻǽ롣ޱʮϤȻҵڵ
ڰſʢܹʱɫѾޱˣһѾԺð˳ҵʼӣû׼ͱǰһĻˡ
ĸȻĲܵСӵĻУ˵ŨŨꡣǻԪ˳Ϊ壬ΪĽ޷Ļ档
ŭ˫֮ͨʣȻĶԻһ˲䣬׺䶥
ϣĻţܵԼʹˣ岻ãӰǵĺӡ
ǣڣܻĸƽ
һΪ㲻ϲأھϲɶĺˡ̻ʺȻʮԪȼֳ࣬ȻҲɣʹʹˣɷɲ̴棬ڻϻҲͻأ
϶жģº֮ĻлȨʱĻϻǻϸĺţҲɵķڳ̻ʺĸ
һжԪǿУţû뵽ĸ׵ļ飬Ȼ֪˸ӾϢ
ͻȻһ仰̶Ļ
Ժ󡭡Ԫǻأ̻ʺ̽ʵǳϵشʽѾˣ⺢ӶȻк
Цһ״ƲҪСˣ
̻ʺ˵ҲŲܳҪ˭أ֪һģ±¡ϧĸӡ˭ǵĺӣҪĲǻϳŵȻǴĲС
ʣԹޣ϶Ļӵĳ谮ɵĳңѾˣҲ֪϶Ԫǲ̫⣬һסϵĿ⣬Ҳ˳ϵԸȫ
ȻŪȥȴû飬ŶӵҲͣ˼¡
ԪѾñĿⲻɵķ˺ݶ֮⣬ݺݵڳ̻ʺĶϡԣ̻ʺϺͳ̻ʺ϶ѡ֧СģҲǣԪΪǻϵӣӦԸѻλѡѾעҪˡδĺӲǳϺͻϴЭղ
ԡԲӳ
ϵ˼ͻһٷҪ״ѹЩ̵ͷ֪֧ѡ
պ󣬳黹δжȴѾʾɡ
ҲõϢһαԪǽΪɺϵ£ԪԼ˶˳˵ȨóϿʼʧ
ϱʾܲǿǵķ֣ȴģʼı˽ܽˣǾҪѹסԪǡ
˫оͶ
鵱ͷӦԪǿ֪˳̻ʺ顣ֻǼװ֪ȶԸϡ⵹óʡ˹
ȴЩ֣ԭвƲԪǵ֪𣿱ϾԪһֱγ̻ʺͳϡԪʲôʱôˣԼһУѵҲΪ֮ǰֱ仯ɵĺЧӦԪǶˣ
벻ףչǶԳģҪԼ֣ȻӰȫǺ¶


244 
ΪԪǵǰжͲòԼļƻȻԪǱֵôҪѹϣǾͳûһϵİѱǸйϵģԼҧһ㡣
ԭϵڳϿԪǵڣҪǵĿưˡ
ǵǳھǵĹؼӶɱǵ̬ͱˣǱ飬ڵ˽ھеһ¡ҪǱ˾
ǾԪǷˣŪ˱ʲôôֱԪҪԼĶǹͨʱ
ǲʶԪǿɲСС֣ҪϵĸҪǵ⻹ǳӲˣҪԼˡ
û뵽òװϺϣһҶĳ棬ȴԼֵĻӶˡ
ȻƣϾ̻ʺĺӻûףڲܶסе·˭ûôϣܸԪ̸̸һ¹ϵҲǲԪ֪˳̻ʺе飬ԲűôʵҲ˵ҪԪǣֻҪȹԼˡԪ˳ǻȻͲ鷳
Ǵ̽һ£ǡ깬磬̫үԽ̸ȴ֪׼һϷ
˹ʱ䣬ԪȻҪȥӳ̻ʺ
⻹ϴԪǷ֮󣬵һ̤ޱ빬Ϳ̻ʺŶͷü֮ŭȼԪ֮󣬲û˵ΪʶҸأЩʱռһѡ
̫æˡ֮ǰҪĸ밲ʱĸײҲʱ𣿡
̻ʺֱӺԺĻʵææʲôæŶԸԼң
̻ʺЩʱձϵ˳ֵͷֻۣѯڸʲô
ԪѾûնĸ׵ľأֻ޾ĳ
ôˣֻԼѵĸһӶҪ𣿡
̻ʺסüңһӿġ
ԪЦЦ
̻ʺüͷֲ򸹲ʲô̬ȣôԽԽˣǶԳʲô㻹ûеϻλأҪϵ֧֡
ԪȴЦˣĸ俿֧֣ԼչЩҲͨϾҲԪȼ·ϿҲ֧Ԫȼġ󻹲ǰˣ
ԪȼĻһֱĸ֮Ľɣ̻ʺû뵽ԪǻͻȻ˵£Ťˡ죬˭׼ġ
Ԫȴ·͸һЦ룬ĸ׺ͳϵ˺ĵĶԴԪȼǲҪʱҲܰҵһ
̻ʺʱ񣬡㡭㵽˵ʲôһִĺӣôôҡ
̻ʺ˵飬ʵ֪Ԫ޷˳ǻԪ⼸һоٸĺ·ԪҪѣǿܻѹȻЩƽˣҲû취Ϊĸף᲻ƫСģһ̻ʺѾƫԼĶˡ
ԪûеƣֻǵĸʱˣǸȥˡ
̻ʺвԼĸ׻Ȱ˵ԪǣʱҲֻա
ϣͳĻӣԸоƲ̫ԣһֱڵȴʲô鷢Ƶġ
ΪѾˣ֪Ԫǻʲôʱ֣ǿı֣Ѿ֪ʲôˡ
ܿҵ룬翪ʼһƬгľҲûų̻ʺȻڳ̻ʺܻĺܵλ
ƹѲ֪ʱԪѾڳˡ
ʲôͿʵ
Ԫǲˡ
ָָԶոձ峤ˡ峤ҲԪȼԪǵ游ˡ
Ҫͣʵ
ͷҲɵΪ˱ܾϵ·ϵ峤ǻ취ֹڶǷԪΪǸӶԳϣǿܻԪࡣ
գգۣ̫ǵԭԪǵʲôʱ֪ģһʮֺ棬ɵʵʵΪʲôԪأǻΪˣ֪࣬Ĵ֮λʵҡҡ׹ģҲϺͻϿʡ¶ܶࡣ
ϸϲǺ޽ٵĺϵǱ˴˷šҪԼֵĻӾŷǣ£˵ƣԪʱ̶Իϱֵ;ġѹͲϲԪǣҲϲϹǿƵԼȻҲν˵˵Ҫ̳ˡ
Ǹ̥ȫԪõġ̾Ҫ˵
Ҳû취ˣǶΪԪǶ˺֣ҪʱƭסԪǣΪһѻλֻҪܳϵķ־ͻȲǰ֮ҪԪӹֵ֮ǰססϺгһ¶⡣
Щǳ鰲ŵģԪǴֻҪһ³ϣûƣټٻһѾ޴ӷֱˡ
ͻȻ˵ǣ£ǸԪ࣬Ԫǻ᲻ֹͣǣ
˼һӦûɣԪǵɣǷһֵ÷ֵĻӣسԪǾͻ֪ǸһģһδܳĺӾԵöһˡѾжԸ÷ˡ
Ҳȵļʱʲôᷢ
һ˵ˣǼʹһѪϣԪǸԶֶֻϵԪǲĵġĿɨԪλãԪǶⷽɻ䣬Ҳ׷Ź
ԪԪȼֵȻɢôһ̥Ĵء
ܸ
峤Ԫǿĵ̽Ȱ˵ϺվϺ꣬ܿ̽Ԫǵȷ֪˳̻ʺе飬Ǿ͸ɴ̹ϵĽ̸ϵֻ֤ҪԪǲԺӺͳϣҲļ֧Ԫǡ
ΪֻҪԪ֪ʵҲǻϵĺӣȻͻỺһӵĵ⡣
Ǵˣ˵֮ԪѾȫˣֻоޱȵĶģֱԼĶ䣬ѪжƵġ
Ȼĸͻ˽ͨ˽ӡ
ֱǸĻѪͳĨڡһֱΪԼ̳лλ˳岻λǾıλΪѪͳڵļ̳ˡڣôΪñ֪ôԲ˳Ĵ
ǲԪȼûԪȼû˱ʸ̳лλˡھѪͳҲһ˵ˡ֪ԪǸ޷ܡ
СʱȻʶȻԪȼǰעҲܴȰǲеĸʡ
ڻλϵǸ˲ǻĸʣȴûйػԪôܽܵˣһֱǵ˰
峤˵ʲôϣúñ̻ʺͶĺӣΪ
ԪȴӦԭǺӸͬͬĸһûԥЦ游浱Сúƭ˵Щкô𣿡
峤һ㶣Щѿѵ˵ûеǸǶȥʲôôǿ׵ܵܰ
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Ϊ֮ǰԪǶ˳̻ʺ󣬱ų߻ԭ·ó϶вʱڻûָɻε״̬Գ͢ĻӵռϷ硣
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246 
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247 
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ֻżȻ䣬Ƽ̫һǩĲڷУзǳҪԤǩģпܾǸ


248 
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СãתһȦ㵵Ŀͨͨķãһ޴ķ񣬹ϾȻڷ˸С˵һַȻʮ˶ˡ
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ƽʱ̫ϲ˽СãǱֻҪ̫û˶԰Ѱҡ
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ЦЦ֪ҳ֮ǰݷĳ̶ȻûôأҲǵһνû뵽ȻѾôˡҵˡ
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˵꣬ҵֽͱʣʼܳд֮˾Ϳʼһиԭ
Ҫ뿪ʱȴͻȻٹͻأĵ˴˵ļƻֻʱڷá
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һսǴͻȻסŲԥһ˲䣬һһƬĹС
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ⱾԭĵĽ֣Ԫȼעˡ


249 
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Ͻĳ飬ôģҺôģҲ˰ɣ˵ñ˴̹ϵģ㲻̫ӵҲɡҴԼ㣬Ҫ𣿡
һʻȴóͫһ֮½˺ɫ
֮Ҳɡ
ڡᶨƳԤԣ˽ϣҲԶʧȥڣԶ¶ϣᱯһ
ͷԶͷ֣Ŀԣɼᶨ飬ҵʵˣҾı˵ģԤԶԶЧ㲻֪漣మ漣е漣ЩһȣЩԤʲô
ճյĿţȻţÿһÿһ䶼ǿĴϡ
ʪһֱףƼᶨȴԥȴ෴ƽʱԥصϣȴܼᶨס
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ͬϸƮȫʪˣᣬǽľʧ˷ִ磬ڱһһڵĳԵƵġ
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һһɵʱͻȻΪԼС׼ǸϽͷ棬óĳЩƷڴ࣬ʾ⡣
ͺһϸʳҪԼϵζϡ
Լģжȴ߳ܵ޵ݡ
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۵׺ɫѾۿɼѾŪˮģ˫۵ǿģֻ޴۵Ŀų顣
֪˶ãȻı䣬˶Ƶĺ
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ٴʱֻоˮУԭǳҪˮϴ˴ˡ
ʧȥ֪ۣڽȻš
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ĲУ᲻øΪ¶ۣе㸺Ҫǿһ壬ûй˵ۣӻ䣬ֻƳһۣʱͱôԺһϽƿһ
еĺۼоˣΪʲôΪʲôô̫ӡĺӡ
׼ĺӡ̫ԪȼĸԲεĿڣϵĸ
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ڻԼľ߳ܵҪԼͷ档
ȳʱֻһۣ˵ķ⣬Цݣȥʮá
֮ǰССԹҲɢˡ
͸Ħųӣ̲סԹ㲻ôһ¶ûа
ӯӯЦ̫ãѹ̫áʵ;ָһȷʧˣʧظƽʱ̫һͻָˡ
ǳ鴤ȷǸܵˡ
ͻȻоקӣϽסŵ㣬СԺ󡭡ɶ
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ȴɽϰأ˶ô黹
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ԣЦȴǿֲֻܷſ
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ֱȥ󣬲ŵ֪ȫҪݱܽϵ顣


251 
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ڵĻϸѾˡ飬Եˣةڣǻܡ¶⣬ǲڣǵĲĳãǹ¼ҹˣսľ档
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÷鵱ߣЩͼȫըˡѹˣûг֣ôͻȻ͡
УةΪ˻λǰɶĻӣȻ¸඾ϣǳɣûʲôԽƱˡ
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ݸˣصҪ뿪ǰǶĻ˵ˡˣȻñȥ÷ȥĵʲôҪ˵ģҿԴΪת档
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鿴ʲôˣٶʵ÷Ӧ࣬ǲ֪ܲƴ㡣
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÷ҧĿų飬Ҳ˵Ҳȷһǵģ𣿵ҿԸ㣬Ҹ֪ģһ취ǣֻҪǲѣӹٽһк˵
޵ʱȻʲôţ÷ǴԿˣǾԲܰѻĸص¶
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Ĳ֪֪ܻŵֻҺ͸ףڻвֻ뵽ˣһɣһ̻ʺ󡣡÷ֻҲ֪һһжȴûʵĸоҲ˵嵽˭ڶԸ
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תĻӵĻ֮󣬾Ȼˡ
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ǳӷԮȱЮֵĻʵۡ
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ԭҪѪеģȻѾһ·ϷչˣǳȻҲ˳ƶΪˡ
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Ҳ˼ҲҪһ𣬵ڡиҪȥɫ

⼸գϸ۲ˣҵֱκ˵ĶߣҪĻȥ̫ڣʱ̶ɣ粽룬ֲԣЮδֻةӮˣȻõģκҲõġ
ǸⱾ飬ұҪȥ
ȴЦҺܸԸҸ㲢սģȻ˵˻ɣҲԲĴպˣ¹Ǹһ춯ҵذһסĲӡ
֮ԸôҲΪ˵ԷûзǵĹϵǵĹϵһֱĺܺãκǶߣƾɣԷҲһ棬ȴɱ֣ʹƽʱһĺˣҲֵ˭Լˣ˭ǵˡ
ٵͷҪ飬Ȼεˡ
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һӦһʧˡ


253 
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£ˣةԳǴŷѾͻȻھҪʹʳǾ赲ˡ
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ʱҲĻӵˣʹĻӻĶӣҲûԼҪο췴ľĻӵ游ĿľΪĻӵʵۡ
仰˵ĻӻţȺҳӵΨһϣϾӰյĳǳܵ͢˭Ҳܱǧ췴ӵѪΨһ˳ĳ·
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Ͽų飬·𿴼˵ԪȼԽԽġ
ֵǻĳ֮¶޼ɻĽٲȻѾȨ㳯Ұλֻһ֮ңϻ󹬶ãֻŮˣСϱŮˣϣϣة࡭ȨԽ࣬ѵҰȻҲԽԽˡ
ΪԪȼĵЩǶĵĻ֣ͶԶλˣʢȻҲʲôԤԣԼӵ϶Ҳ˸˵ġ
Ԫȼĳɳҵ˱ȵϸõҰġ
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ΪҰģʼȫȫԪȼ
;ȴ۰ΪġӡȴĶӡ
ˣԼĶӣзĵĶӣҲĴҲԪȼһһγƿأԲ֮ܿɱģҪһУҲΪ˴ܵδ


254 
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ɶ溦µĲͣɺ̫ڷùҲΪ֪̫߲ȫġ
ȻǴĻӸߡ
ߵǸ֣ҲŻľ룬һͶ棬ûз⵹Ƿࡣ
ĿϾ۽ôһ὿и˵ʵĲԸĻɳ棬ϾɿԭһӱڻҰƽʱһ˺ůĸоҪǻˣĻö
²ǶԵģҲֻӸĺӵעˡ
˼أĻ̲סҺõĸһ乬᲻£Ƕ˵ǡǡ游췴췴𣿡ĻӺһµĺӣѹ
ҲֻΪѵĿĻӣϾҲ֪ôο
˵Ż洫ǰȻҪĻӡ
ĻЩ£ǲԻϵġ
ʱҶܲµΪʲô
վҲҪԼĶӵˡ
ȻûȨĻӵģĻĨᣬͷϣܣͻȻһ˿д˲סĻӵֱ׷ʵţбµ𣿡
ĸһ£鲻ȻĽ͵ûС
ѾĻӺˣͻȻڵ԰ûڱ߼ǣλͳµģ
˻һ˲֣˽
ֳذףĻ˵ɺ̫ߣĻӼҲóذ׻ȻС黹һޣ׻ͳ̵ĺӣΣܶסġ
ɵĻʵȫѹûһȫסˡ
ĿһۣѾʼת䣬Ŀɣеذײɷ
̫ΣΣҺӾȻڻûбֳŵÿοߵĻһ֣ԾͲǹ书·ǡɱ֣
Ļӵ˸ǹ͢
ǵ˭̫ǰҵҲŭˡ
᲻ةģСʵ
ةģ͵ھĻӣǸոաҲ΢
Ǽ˵̫һ˵Уϳȥֱɱˣ˰ҵķá˵Ѿȫͬƽʱ̫ˣϰ̬Ǹǳǰ˵ģλʵµ̫
һ䣬ſھʹʱǻǱɱˡ
Ϥȱŵ˾ȻǾ
˶һſڳˣԪǺͳ̻ʺ
̫ĿɨˣԪǣӳˡ
ԪʹˣѵǱߵ𣿡ԪĿɨˣݺݵ˾ϣ˲亦µҪܣȴԪǰһѳסͷˣּˡ
ſңſң󺰴
ԪģҲɱģϾ滹ҵأҲзһһߣԺˡ
ҪҲҪߣſңֱӱޡ
Ԫȴӷݺݵ˦þ졣
ߵ־Ѿû⡣
̻ʺ岻̫ãɫһİסĸΣةԳѾˣǴЮĻӣٸȻߣ˵ϱĲТǴһӡ
Ҳ˵ТТ˳㿴ǰ󲻹ʮ٣̫Ц
ϱ֪ģĽֱӵǰǾߡ̻ʺ۾˵
̫ɵĹЦʱĸһϵİΣˣֻԼñǸǣǱ˲ҪŻ𣿡
̻ʺĸӿɲѾˣѵǻҪںЩֱ׵ĸ˵ɣʱѾֹڵķظסѾ飬һϵȷСʣֻЩɰ·˷ѾСıɱˣǲŽŹġ
⻰ʱĻӵɫ˰ףʱԼĴذ׵ֶٲˡ
Ԫ˦ľſڵǱѱˣĸҪҪǸߡ
ллˡ̵̫ϧˣǿͷн·֮ǰҾѾѽȥǱˣҪҪֻȥǱߡ
㣡̻ʺ󵱼òᡣ
ҲţԪһҪǰԼѰҵӡ
ﲻɵȻ̫Լǿ
ԪѿҪͼѰҽ䣬̫ͷϸûʲôֻķڰˡ
µԼߣұȥɡĻǰҵӣǻʵ۵ܴͣߡ̫ƺøĸˡתҪ¼ݷ
̻ʺĸȻòУûнĻҲǻûԥֻʱ취ԽԽĶ˽겻
ԪǼ˾ϣֻƴȣ˵˺ܶܶܣǹһ˰飬ۣԪȴţԾȭߣ˶ӣط
˴Ů˻ǸоܣͿڵѾĲҪֱɱôʲô˼
ԪǺĿ˲俴СӡһˣͳҲгİɣһûбء
ֱذףԣ
ԪøҰţƵģ۾Ҫɳˣվûж֡
Щ̲סЦȻ˵ʣʮֺ棬˵̫Ԫȼķɣ˻ڣ֪ջ᲻ĳò˵ԪǣĲԪȼ̫ӡ
ԪǶʱ󾪣ڳֻҪԪȼֻ̲ס˶
ˣ˵˭أ
δģ˵˭Ҫ𣿡̻ʺԪǾ̲ס۳飬ȻҲ̲סҪ˵˵ʱԪȼ̫Ӿ̻ʺ۰׵ܵܣû뵽û뵽һ¶𣿡
ͻȻ̫ȴڵּСӣ㻰ˣ˭ʤ˭δϣˣɾðʼˡ
̫ھΪةռϷ磬ǵʱȫˣһǻʤƾո˵ĻҲ׷Ź
ί̲סҪȥȴͻȻĳ̻ʺϡ
ֻǳ̻ʺԵĲһֱݷ̫
̻ʺ̫ϵİݷ𣬸оޱȣŭݰݰݣΪǰݷϴ𣿽յһлɵģôͲԪȼˣˣԪȼ飬ף
̫һûлͷǱֱͦĹڷǰ
ȴסˡ
ɷĻվں澲ĬţԪǶɴ˫ۣˡ
ô£
̻ʺ˵Ļʲô˼ôԪȼ黹̫йأ沨
겻˶ԤԼɵԪȼ߼ɵ±ԤǣҲıλȡ֮ҰĲŵһвҾ
ĸ˵ʲôأԪǺһ
̫ĬĬתų̻ʺɴ£͸ű䣬̻ʺǵ÷財Ϲ˵ʲô
̫ھ˵˭ûкôﻹôڡ
ȴͻȻһ䣬Ҫ˵Ԫȼ̫ӣô鷳ȷʺ˵Ԫȼ̫Ӳսɳô˵Ǳģ̻ʺ²ĵʧķ裬˵İɡ
˵֪츲صı仯ֻһ˵һ߷ɡ
̻ʺԭһ̣ôһ˵ž˿ԪȼǸĸףģ˭֪޹Ǹڳ̻ʺ̲ס飬Ҿ֣׶̫󡣡
̻ʺ󣡡̫Ҫϡȴֹһƹˤˡ
ҲҪɱԪȼԪȼڣƾı£Ǹˣ
Ҳ˳̫ˣ顣
̫ڵһǰʧŮˣһ˹ԼСź˿˽ӵļˣҲʸаҵΪһжΪ˴ܣ̫һ˵ţһվһӾסˡ
̻ʺһ£漴ŭ˵ˣô꣬Ҳͨˣԣûǲ࣬Ϊұ͸ü޸빬Ǳ빬治ĽΪʼҴڽӴԪȼڻң֮˵ƭʱҰ׳󣬲Ҫ췴ƭ˵ԪȼĶӣΪԲֳĸԸ췴רԪȼ
̻ʺҲǳڰеŮӣʧȥģԲŻһ֮󹬾û˹ˣлԪǡ
ԪǼˣһ㶼֪˽ӵ顣
̻ʺȴԪǣֱ׵ʵȵԪȼ֮ûҹң֪ĺӣȻ׽㣬ǴҲãжԺܶҲɣԭҲలµģϾԪȼô㣬һжܺõģʹҲòһûʵۣǾ̫Ϊһ˽һУ࣬߳ŭŻıһУƺԪȼģôգڷðݷΪ
̫ڻȻһ㶼顣ҶΪ˴ܣ֮ǰ˵ѣ̹֮ףʹԲԪȼǺҲΪ˴ܵİ֪ԤԵ飬͸֪ҵû
ƨԤԣ˵Ԫ˴Ϊʲôһʼɱ˻еԪȼΪҲаҪΪԪȼȵлңͻȻı⣿ҪԪȼΪ˸лұŸ࣬ƽģ
˵
˵İֻ̻ʺִ
Զͣתˡ
ոʲô

ԤԳ岻ţ̫Ϊ˷ֹ췴ƭ˵ԪȼĶӣలʮ꣬ԪȼΪлϣ̫Թ͸࣬ҲĸԤΪڵסԼ˽ģ˵Ϊ˴ܣΪԪϣΪԼ
һ̣һ壬ôƴһԪȼˣ
ĿĶ̫ϣһɹԹ֮ӿͷԪȼԸлû̫ԼûйܺԼңƾʲôԹԪȼ
ͳ鶼ûȻ̫һݡ
ʱ̫һȴԾɵΪ˴ܣԪȼȷԤеԽԽ񣬰ҲòοΪһֱల̫ˣֶӣƲˣᱻסʱ򣬾Ĵƽ֮ʱֻǳԪȼûг׳ΪԤ֮ʱǰæưˡ
ϴ̫ӣ̻ʺоӱˡ㡭㡭
ȴΪйҹҹΪ顣ͻȻڵ
̫һ㶣Ŀ⿴
溬Ц⣬ȴ飬ԭ࣬𺳣ԭ̫ڿĿҲΪǿνԤԣӦԪȼ̫Ƶģʵǲкһ˶޵Ҳʹܳս֣Ǳ߾Ķʮսʿǰ޹գôꡭ
̫𽥲԰׵ɫ̧ͷת޴ķ񣬵Щصס𣿡
̫Ϊһ仰ûվȣÿʱ䶼棬ϣԼϴԼҲףǻϼ϶޷ֲԸΪԼĴԸΪԤԣΪ˴űġ
㡭ΪҪ˵̫̲סʵ
Цһֻվ°յĽǶȣС࣬һ°ˣϾҶԪȼ̫ӵĹ³ģжľ쵼ôܳΪǿĹҡû뵽ǵʲô֪ʲôĹ⾰ܲԪȼ̫ӣͻȻ֮ҪкԼļ˺͹Ұɡ
̫󣬳̻ʺԪɫѿĶҪסˣõľ˵Ļⶼڷ֤Ǵжס
ͻȻǡԭһУǺԪȼҵҲǱǼӻٵģ
ĿߣŤ
ҲĿǣֻжԳ޾ۡЩ˲ˣǲ䣡
ȷû뵽Ҳ˳ԾͻȻԱߵɿڵں˵ʱлˣǲԽԽΣˣ
ôһ˵ٳصĻ⣬ٶĻԹû壬ϾҪ
̻ʺԪǶһۣԪǸϽ̫ŭĸٲ취ǿɶҪˣǱ˵ˣ
̫Ҫ˵ͻȻֿڵ̫˵ˣڻǱߣǱϵ͵߽ǳҲû塣
̻ʺԪͻȻǱһȻתԼĸ뿪Ҳ˼еľ𣬲ٸ
ʱ̫ѾɣɸҪЦ˵
̫ߵĻͶɵĻΪݣ˫˲Ͷ
̫ǡ
ðɣҵСˣΪʲôҪȥһϣаݵĵʲôɫ
ǡߵĽɫɡͻȻڣ˫ţ˲ֱۺݺݵסɵĲӣذ׶׼Юֵƣ¶ԷǾҲˡ


255 
һ£ûоʧ룬ûбһЮţƵʲĻԼĶӣǺЦתĿڵߣʲô˼
Ķ߰̽šʵǰٷְȷֻɵķӦѾҪˣ˵пܵҲȻ𾪲ѣȴֱǰ˸пܾǶߡ
ɶһ£ͻȻЦת漴Ȼֱ̹ȻˣҪ˵ȷңô֪ģȡһôĳƺš
˲һͣͻȻת䣬оԼסĲһŮӣһĶߡ
ѵǳ鵽ģˣӦصĺܺòŶԣѹ˵Ĵڻ谭ҵļƻȻóҺã÷ӵöˣûة࡭Ǻǡһ治֪Ҫȶߵһллɨϰˡ
㡭ҵ㣡оȫˣˣֻ˵ôһõĻ
ȴЦЦʵлģҲ书÷ô˼ŶֺҲʼδģеʱ˻㾡ҲסƵģһҪҵԼ󶼾úЦ֣ĻԡҲɱ㡣ıܳ飬ة඼ƿز˵ˣ̫ΣˣҲ
Ц˭˭ΪܶԸ𣿡Ѿ˺⣬ݣνڻʧɵȴһߡ
ذ׼ɵĲӣȴ˿ΪֹӣǱˣ˵Լ
ռϷĻӵЦţЮɾߣȻô˵ѾĳˣȻѾֶߣûбҪҪȥҳ顣
˲׼ţҲҾȻ͵
ɵϰڰ֣տ̫󣬲عҡ
̫һʱŭ㡭
ˣ㲻£
㣬ѣֻҪϣ㲻ɱߵģ㲻𶼻Ụһ𣿡ɵ
ǣҿڿǱκǿ߶¡˵ֱ꣬Ӵɿ첽뿪
Ҫȥ飬Ǳߣ̻ʺԪҲȥˣһһʹģŲС
̫ӦȴѾſڵµˡ
ĸ⵽ô°µĻѾȫŪˡ
̫ĻͻȻЩ㵣ΪʲôȻĻ֮ˣΪʲôĻвةǣκة಻ǵж
ţͻȻſڴ̫󿴹ȥʱɫѿ˾Ȼκ
κ˽ǹĸ̫ȻѯΧ˵ɱЮˣ˸ţ͵˵ͷ
ô׵һ㶼ģ̫󳰷
κЦǸŮǶģʲôȻаյġ
ǺǣѵǸŮҲҪ췴𣿡̫ʵ
̫ˣ췴ةΪ׵ĻӵʲôϵκЦ
ոܰˣʲôʲôǸͨ
̫ʣκһ㶼ңֱӵڹˣǴˣȻڴܣһ̫Էġ
̫Ͼκ ǡǾҪʲô̫ҲɵκŮΪôݡ
Ȼǡһг䶨ﵱʵۡκ
ҪϣҪδĺӵǻֱ̫ЦˣʹܰĶѾȷǻӣż´ܰͦŶӣǻɣҲ𲻴Ӧ
𲻴ӦȻ̫̫ʵۣ˵ĻȻҪһµģֻҪͦһȻˮɡ
ֱ̫ЦΪ̰̫֮Сˡ
˵Ҳǣģ˭ܱȵùء˾㣬ٻһġκ˵͵һӣ̫ǰ˸ӡ
һֻѪֺܵȻ棬ֱӾ̫̫ܿߣͻȻĿһ٣ϳֻϵָǷǡ
㡭ǡ
̫ϰɡ
ֱ̫̱ŭлΨһѪ
Ļס̫󣬽κΪʲôҪʶԲ𣿻λôҪ𣿡
ҪĻ˷Ѿ˼æʲôκ
κ˵һ˴סһˡ
ĸĻӴȥֱӰ÷Ļӣֱײڵء
̫ѾˣֻĿһУ÷ĻӶκУĻӵҪʤȷѡڲĻӵκҪϵ
̫󣬺úɣϾδѾûԴеĶˡ
̫ΪҪɱĻӣǵĿȥֻ÷ŵıĻӣʮֲԾ
סǣκ˵һҪȥ
̫ǿž̲סκлҿǲΪ׼ҵģֶܰСף˻飬ֶﻹ˵ûô˲̵ĶԴΪ˱ң
κڻ̾һתͷҪ־͹Լ̫ࡣģֻҪϣлµģϾŮá

ҪȥܰȻʵ
ֱӵ
ܰ΢΢һ㶣΢΢ŲѲɳܲȥŻϰɣ
ΪиˣҲǨֱӼӴߡ
ܰ͵˵㰮Ľܣûеʲô׹ϵҲ谭Ҳ˵֮ǰϲҵܵ𣿡
û뵽ʱܰ˼ģйϵ𣿡
ȻϾҵܵϵܸõҡ
ɣת̫죬ҶӦˣòǷ˰ɡÿ𣿡û뵽ôħˡȻһѡ
ֻ˵ʵˣķ裬Ҳǣ֪Լʲô
ŶʲôıλѹͨУ
ǺǣܽǸЩһҵĶӵʵۡ
ܳ裬ȵľܡҲ벻ͨģıʲôκĽǶȿӵϸΪ㡣
ǣ˭ܵ˸˵Ůˣҹҹ޲ǻˣҿŶģ˵Ҹл飬ûв֮ʿİûôຣ
ʵг𣿡
û˵ˣתƻǳأгڰة࣬ʵԼ£ıʶֱʰɣǡܲԼҪʵ۰ɣҪһһԤֿܻ͢ʵۣ֤ԼֶΣ
ɲȻҲᱻ׻ֱ˳ʵ濴㾹Ȼô񶼲ɹʲôɡ
Ҳɵة෢ʱʱȻ֪鲻Ǽȷд˸𣬷һ濴©ˡЦ

Ц
΢䣬֪ʲֻתƻ⣬Ȼͨѹ
ǰȹһȻǾһֱϵһЩҪһŮڰɣ˶ѡ˵ȻĲ졣
ʱ׷ʵո˵谭ļƻٽһΣģ
ǣǼұͲ飬ֻ֤ʵˡ
ҧҪʲôҪԸ飬ȴûиɳݡԼԴףϾ˭һӵأ
ʲôʵģһ˰ɣҲһ𡣡ЦӯӯȻ֪׻ˡ
ͨ·Ѿƴɱ˫ĸ飬ʵڵݶԶǰȫġ
ֻЮɵе㲻˵ѣҲ˲ôˡ
һ⣬𣿡
ЦЦ㻹ͦҵܵܵģѵϲģҵֱ̫ܵͬǵļƻԴһʼҾø׷Χ˼ⲻͳ飬Խͻ䶼ƭ˲𣿡
ɵЦ͸о̶ԭͱУ˹ʹãʰһУЩ֮
κܶԸձĻӵ÷ĻΪʣҲֻγɶ֮ơκûб㡣
ǶзҲõģɱ˻ʵۣͬ
ԼҪţϾ鿴ڣҲǶһ˾ˡ
ɸ·ڻǲɱ˷Ѿ
˵ǣһʼľةԳǣȻѾռƣΪǰǶ֣ܿͱɡ
ةҲװϲҪԸκϺ꣬͵ʱĻӺ÷أ
÷֪Ļ̫ǱߡոҪҪĻӣôˣܻᵼµΪĻв书ЮһѾǼޣٴĻӡֻ̫Ǳߡ
ة΢΢üԳǵɵأôûоȵ
Գǵͷ˵һʲôة಻ĺһҲûм׷ʡ
ɨԳһۣϾû˲ȻԳǣ⡣
ˣʸǣһǡ
룬Ѷ߽ة࣬ȫԼǿװȥҳ顣
Ҫ֣ͻȻһʺ֣һģ
ʮӦ
ҲҺɲ书ǻе룬ܼЮסɡ
̧ͷһʮѾһǽ˹صʱ򼸺ѾվȣѪףȻǿ֮ĩ
ܣȥӣţʮһѾֳֵվǰ档
ֱҲûиô£Ծж
ةһãȻǡʲô
ʱЮҪߵɻڵˣˣְɡ
һ仰˲ŵսɵĲӣΪ˴˷
ʮȴֱӺˣةԳǵĶ顣
ֻһɲǼѪߣʮͷء
һҽдֻةסƵĺֵĿԳǣ۵ĲšΪΪʲô
Գǻ̧ͷ¶Цݣڡ÷ԶģԸҵӣҵĶôܻصأǲǣ
ةŭ˫ۣŨŨĲе
Ѿ˲ϱʣֻϽߣѾʿΧסʮҪƴɱȴѾΪ̫أѪѾ·͸ֻܷŵ˵ĿʹҲҡҡ׹ˡ
Գתͷɣϻпµĵ̣ȥԳȫͬġ
ԽģԶţ³֮ȥ̫ǱߣȻܵõҪġЦŵ
ȥԳǵ
鷳ɸ߾ͺáߡ⡣Ц˵꣬ԳǾ͵ͷŲ뿪ֿǡ
ʮ״µⲿ־Ȼɱּģڵʮˡ
ס֣ۿʮҪɱϽɺ
ˣס֣һСѡɿڵŶѾڵôڻáǻ𣿡
ǡһʮ˵ʲôˡ
ҸԽĿһ£Ȼһġ
ĿġͻȻӦոԳ˵Ļѵ÷Ļǡǡ
ôˣЦ
ҧʲô㻹أȻһģҲܷ㲻ܰɡȫÿҪ
Χǵʿʵ÷ӵ¡ʿǹȻɵ˿˻ʮһֻۣǿι˲裬ʮǿۣ˵˾䣬ңΣգȥ
סᣬԳǷˣһһʼ;Ҫɱ飬ֻҵ飬һΣա
ЮķȥʿǸں档
ɵɢһɣжξ룬Ҹ˵˵ɣԳǺǣһкܶɻɡ
ңɸ˷ʱ˵ϻҲôֻǱ߸Ͻ귢״
ʵһжԴһ⣬Խ˾Ʒ˴÷ĻӣʱԳǵͺӵĴڣûԳ֪Ǵ⣬öĺȺλáзĻ죬֮󣬲ԽɱΣȥߺʱԽ֪ԼõĶң÷ȴ÷ةദƲϣתͷĶıȡλһĿ꣬ǾǸ÷Ļһžۡ
һҪȢϻӣ⼸ǲܵģ÷ĻӼݣԳıλ
Գǵûеʵ۵ҰģֻҪԼСңѡ˵һ֣ɺ
÷ةĸȻ׾ͷةҪɱ÷ûȻɺɵĺλסԼ󽫾λã÷ĻûжλĻᣬʧȥϣֻ
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Ժ÷ֻǽˣĻֻٽԳҪġ
ɵ⣬ɵмƻ
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ԺеľѾһƬڼ½


256 
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лǵô򿪵漣֣ǵȴָ˱ը
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ƫƫڡ
Ҹ˵ʦûм˻ָӣֻ֪϶һս
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ִ磬ûˣģ㴦˿ڡľشҪ֣ͻȻԶ˻
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257 
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ſͻȻһǣسŵ˿Ķ飬ֻ֪ͨͳ졣ͳһü⼸Ͻ
ֹӣ㲻ԳǡҲǰ˵
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ȴҡͷֹӣΪǡ
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⼸ձͽϡΪѵϾǸйأȻֻһƥһˣ˭֪᲻أ
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ӳԵһϵͳ͸˽ͣʾǷǳصľ棬֤ռ᧿Σ
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ϵͳĽͣΪĳ߻֮ǰǲ뿪鳡صģñǵž鷢ҲУԽͣжҲͣˡ
仰˵ڳָжҼصλ֮·ǰû취뿪ǵġ
Բϵͳƣɶļأ޷һߡ
ɣȥСһЩҪ˵ɬ˵

Ż˵֮顣
賿ʱ򣬳͢ٻд󳼣Ļӵ췴ԳǷʵ۵Ԯ֮ǰżġʼҼȫ÷Ļӱʬ滻Ҳˣ˹ǱԳڡ͢ҽ̫ϴʵֻ̫һͷȨҽ㡣
ԭ㱵ţ˷Ӧ̫֪⣬ɾȻûɱڣ˻ˣ
ҽץ̫ΨһѪлΪв˵ʱ¶Խܵɫ
ƽ֮ſڵ̫ѾȫҽˣԳҲ˳ҽ㣬ͳȫжʱԳǽڳˣƹ˻ʳǾͳפصĴƺܿͻԿʢָܹܻ˴ܹܵݣܹ䲻Ʒֲԣûлع˵Ƕҽƿ֮ˣĿǰƿصϢˡ
Ȼʧǡ׸ʲô𣿡
Ҫ֪Ͳôˡ˵ҽ㣬֮ǰһֱʸף׶ϸҡЦһ
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ѾȥˣԼһֱӱֻܱŬ侲ֲһУȥ롣
еĻﻹͬһش͸š
ҲͬһҲܲסֻܺݺݵı˫ۣҧס´ƴĺŬֹ¡
þԸԪǺͳ̻ʺԳǶԸة÷һжڳּƻ֮ϣǳ鶼û뵽顣ûоɡɻԳҲʢܹûס
ԣ֮ǰܶ࡮ûзͲߵһ
ıһУ˳ŬһСıԾͷͷûжĶˡ
ǳ֪һ˳©ɣ黹ǸɱϣѪıͻɹ
϶ԣҲߵ׷˺
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ӦûްɣԼԼˡ
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ۣѹͺ޳ͱУ˶Բǡҡ
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˵ʲôأûз֮ģвֻǽмӼľҹͻȻͻϮ߾ҪԽȥر߾أǿ϶ļˣҲŴΪչˡ

ЦЦʱӦҾû취δܳΣ˵ģ㡭췴ԲšǸõģһбŻ粻ҸԿ
󼸺վסɵΪһδεˢ֪Ȼ˺ݾ
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˵ǻұǵǸ˴أһ˵꣬϶ûУſڶˣǼģ֪ܲ𣿡
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ס᲻׹䣬޿Ĵ֣ʵָܻ񣬵ҪʲôʵҪҵĸԤ˳һаɣѵΪ˸һǿҽɹν˰һ˰ΪʲôΪʲô
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Ǻǻعͬţû˿ʹбʹ࣬ˣҲһǺõġٴָ궼ԭĵȴķ
·õֵİοƵģָһЩǣǰҲ˵ƵĻĵһЩ鷳ҲĺԼİ˲Ŷԡ
˷Ż
԰ǳ顣
ҧеᣬͻȻոյľ֪Ȼͣˡ
Σȥ

Զ֮СϣһʱϵѾǱľشһϵĳ飬ǱΧסʹҲ޷ߡ
ǧһ֮ʣҼҪϵˣһľشֻǱͦ赲
һӰɫ֣ɨе
ͬȰӰ˲ûɱ֮У䣬ѪĽ


258 
Ǳ˼ˣ涯ԣһɵ³ˣԽô죿
ӪУɳȥ̽ûӰԭƻԳ췴ȳ˴ţ뾩ס档ڲû˿ϢҲ˺ܶǶߡ
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ʥּҪǴǰȥ֣ұʾúȳ͢ϣεıԪ˧Գǰȥæܳӡ
˸ոմֵϢת;űñõԳȴͳ˧λá
Ѿȫ޷󾩳ڵ׷ʲôˡ
ʥּ֮ˣֹȥģȴ˵ȥȫû˵ʱѾҲӰˡ
ˣͱɹһּˣ֪ɵ˼ɻǾȽϰԷڵľƣȴоԼѾûԹʽˡ
ֱ˵龭Ӫжһļž˲վһӾסĲӡ
ıλͨУЮǼʣ㸸׽㶼飬ء𣿡
žǷһУ˵ɫױˣҲ˳ƻʧܣδ˾ǣھǵӵļӣƵĿƣɱɱ
ȫ߻İܾ֡
κǵĳܰϸ൱÷һͨĹ壬һͻݵŮӡ
û뵽߾ȻߡһϤȴû·ǵĴ
ûֻǱĿˣ֪һУһ취ֹǡ
ܼܽΪչĶǣԸںǰıһϯ֮ء
κһѾ޷ˡ
ǡȴΪϾļˡ
ˣ䡣ԽҲûáſ
ſʱֱۻ΢Ȼֲ֪󣬵ŭ޷ųվǰɣԥŤĲӡ
Ϊ˻λ𣿾Ϊ˻λôݣĺӻûأ˫Ŀͨ죬һ
УǲҲΪ˻λ𣿡Խ
ǲһǡݺݵҧȴ޷˵ڡ
ǿΪ˱Ǹ˵ĶΪеһƬ塣
Խ䣬ȻѾ֪ĽΪ˰ɣΪҪ˷ѾһˣǾκ𣿡
󲻸Խıӣ˵ֻ˾͸ǲǺϵ˭֪һ̣᲻ŴңĽʱǡ

Խòɣսˡ
ô˵ѹڶϣǲҲУЮǵļˣȫɱ췴뷨ɡ
Խ룬߿ԣҪ鶼ˣǼҲЮˣǷģԵһûðɡ
ȴֻҡͷҲ֪Ϊҽô飬ǼȻѾˣӲ뿪ǵļһѾʹˡҡ֪Ϊʲô˵뿪ǣʱľشߵʱʵлðߵģûߡҲбĴ㡣һʹɭϣǻҪǱҲܡ˵ҲǲţĲϣνðա
Ѹ˵Ķ˵ˣҲûǰ˵Ҳ֪ʲôܸı״һܱˡ
ȵ뿪˳Ĭã˱
Խȿڵû£ɲᶯ鱻ˣֻҪû£һоͻصأ֮ǰôѵ¶ˣһҲУοأԼʧܵġ
ԣ²䣬Ҳܣŵ¡ǵȵ»ȼϣ˵
䣬ȥͫйء
ġ̣䲻ģʵڲģǴܵİΣֲġ
˼ǣǲǲеģοǵµĹңǻס߾סܵȵ¹ұ߾ݴǺǻʲô֪ͬǻ飬ҵû£Ӧû߾Ҵҡ䣬·һֱӴ뿪طǣߵҲģҵҲпֱܻӻʱ磬ҪСġԽϵ
ĿԽһվûзƻ´λӦþͻָˣҪǸǿ£֪೰
ô͢ǲȶġԽ૵˵ܰ𣿻λǶôҪǸ֪صΡ
ֻ֪ܰʶǸˡ
ԽͻȻһ㶣СʱûעҲҪˣںСʱܰʵĴҹӣСʱǿʤӱˣԹҼᶨΪŮӳˣû뵽û䣬ҾȻˣӺʱʼصģ
ֻǵһ£ǰûôĺ
Сʱһӡеġ
·ƽε飬ܰɹȻǻǰܣʱܸԽͻһģȻܹⷽصġ
Ϊʲô
ջҾǰͫйأʮպԽ·أڳҵ˺ܹܣֻ˰µʱǱ뾩ǲ˲ϼУڲϵİ£ԽѾȫ˽⵱ǰˡ
ʱ͢Ѿ൱ȶڡ
ܳʷƵĴλˣɳ̫̫̫̫
ɶ´ĺӼλ˻ʵۡ
Ļƣ͢ҲֹֻΣѪĽѵڰһЩܵĴ󳼣ǵļҾҲһضʱڹУֱ̫ͬŷˡ
̫̫Ϊ֧֣εةҲκԪ˧ݻҲֻ沨
Ǿڲȶˣȴ˽ģһʱзңܱСɧţײŪĴʮְֶֻѹ붯ҲǻѹĹ͡ҲǸͻĴܴĻᡣ
ܰģǿάȶ֮ʱҲڲϵĲЩʵǳԭǻ֮ٴģɴ˿ɼܰԶġ
ܰ׻æֱƸӽڸæ

Ҳԭ׷˶Ϊɣ֪ϸʵڰ˼ңϾ˭ĳ̫չмӣͬʱĿŵ׷飬ͨ·ܸءֱӰѳ˷ȴľľæ񣬶һһֱסڻʹ
Ƕ䣬Ȼ̫Ͽв˻ϵˣϾ׷Ĵ̫ѧ֪ġ
ǡ˵ǵ̫ܵܵҪȻܡ
ո³һͻȻӭ汻һײ
ᣬĵһۣˣͿǰͣ£Ȼɡġ
˳ЦЦôˣú𣿡
Ƕѣ߰ɡʮ
ֹǲȥһСãءƵ˵ȴǵҲȥҪȥ鷿
ʮһô֪࣬ô˵㡭ֻҪžͺáȻô˵Ҳĸɡ
ЦЦʶңһԲεĶ
û£ԡ
ձʹ֮ȫֱֿĲݽã˸ոƹʮϲ֣޲ϡܿʮܶˣ֪ʮַŭʮȥģʮȴᶨߡ
˵Ȼ֪ûҾͲˣ㣬ԲһУ㣬ȥҪ
İ£ʮڳɹΪܰԴҲһֻ۱һֻۣ̫Ϊǡ
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ʱֲֵܳܰǰæϾȻûгҫۣȴѾǴһѺ֣ܰ˵ֱЦˣ˵ҲͱǺ±Ӱһôæأ
ǲúȴͨˣܳδǳģǰŪǧٿףǺ˳飬ӽȨģ˽ĶˣδԸҲܰæ
ʮ˵ųУίԼܶԹȥĻΣҪһЩܰδɨһϰҲǺõģţͼڸ󣬸һæͬʱҲһ顣
鷿Ѿڰˣʱ䣬˶ЦóԼѾȫûЦڿҿҴ£ģʮѻսݵ󶼲𱸣ԼԼ
һΪҪ
㲻ҲûҴŪٻȥϢ̫󡣡
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ҪͨдǸ
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֡ôģ֮ǰϳʱͿˣ𣿡¶ͮͮľ͹ĵʵ
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ÿ죬̲סԼһӡš̫ԪȼĸУŸоµһϣġ
ֻǲñ˷֣Ը֮ͻĨȥ
ոͻȻչҸո˵ɳȥֱһӦǰȫġ
˶٣л
ϵͳûнȻָʾǻûҲǻûµļƻҲȷֻܵȣܰɳȥô˶²Ӧи˻š
һ˵һߴ飬úʮһˣס˻ͷ
ʰһ¾Ҫߡ
ʮſĿǰ߹ˡ
ߵſڣ
Ҳֻ˿·ǽԼߡ
ܰûйʮֻǿһۣܰŵĶϰԵĿ˿ʮƺ졣
˶˵̫֣ʵҪµǴδ¶棬Ҳûݵлˣл塣
лˣǰֻ֪лΨһѪԼ¥ϰ壬ࡣ
û뵽ҲΪлԽˡﳼ֮޷볯͹;ͨˡ
ֵøܰĹϵȻ곤꣬ȴܰСʱ򶨹ףֻܰʮʱȡ˻£֮лҳ¡
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ȴ֪ܰлʱ򣬻˵е飬֪ܰҪ˾л壬һ˻æƣ˷ѽ⡣
лɣƺǱιֶҪýҩĶ̫ҲԾǱвȵġ
ҪţܰȴͻȻڽס
һֱڱдһԩگ飬ҪΪ̫Ԫȼ


259 
Ȼ˼ӵ
ôҸһ˾ܣҪдлᣬȻҪ֪һ࣬ƺɣϾԩگУЩ壬ûʲô¶
ҪΪԪȼ̫ǲҽñԤԵ顣ܰĵ˵д֮󣬸ҹĿ
۾һܰûзԣҲûзԵȨ
ܰҲԪȼǻᵣԩگдӰĿһ㣬ǲµġ
⡭ܰͻȻЦĿԱߵлһۣȻҪдṩһˡ
һ£ɫԱл塣
л嵹Ҳûж˵ʲôֻǶһƣȻҪһˡ
ʺܶ࣬ǲðʧڣֱ˻صĲݣл忴дԩگʱȿڵֹǲǳԪȼ̫ӣԲҪ
ֻǡ֪ˣôܣһ˱ܡôã֪ˡлôͳ˵ˣ֪лֻ̫ǿû֡
лɬһЦûж֣ҲҪΪлϱҵңʱҲΪлŶԪȼԹޡ
ǣЦʲôʸԹޣʮ̲סڵ
лͷʮһۣҲû룬ϾлϵǾ˶֪ġ
лȻ񼫣޹Ҳ٣ͯ
ϰѪмʱ˵ǣʱǾԼ޹ЩлϺ˼оûͯ𣿡ʮϽһʮ
л屻˵һ㶣ЦԺҲͨˣֻǵʱԼе˶ɱǻʧȥǣ̫˵࣬췴֮ҡӪȥæ˵
ӦȥԼҵľϽͫйء
лͷô飬˲ģֻͬѪңպʱʼ⣬ܲԪȼľȥʡ
ǳءŵĿǰӣ֪࣬ǡ
Ҳ֪ɱԪȼļƻף󲻷˽ȥġʱѾȥ¹֪ҲӦʱֻҪΪлϱ𣬲Ϳ̫̿Ҳ룬ЩŻի𡣡
л˵꿴ʮƵлЦһô˵Һ̫⣬ֻҪд࣬ࡣ
ҵȷҪ֪࣬Ȼô飬Ǿ鷳ˡҧһҺ֣Ȼ˵̫󣬵ôڱʱİæأûİӦ߲һ
лԴεǸıǣˡ
ü
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סŭ֣ô
ĸԸæҲԸлͻȻ
ΪǰλԼߣô˵˻飬㶪ô顣
ûĳлȴȻǷǳСѾͷȷ޸ңңҿСѾͷ֣ҲʹӦˣǳڸ飬ֻǲǿѰˡ
ϾʱһĴѧлԣֻܰһϵҪδúúǻСãûʲôĻᣬֻżҲʲô˼֮飬ֻСѾͷĸʣлĵĸ
ܰһʮֺѧ뷨صСѾͷãҲʦл彥Ľ֮֮ʱСѾͷ˻ˡлᶨ飬Ҳûо
ҸԸΪĹϵΪл˵Ŀⴹ¿еԩگ飬ʼȦȦࡣ
һĻüǵˣҪ㻹һìܵˡ
ҵȷһìܵˣ˵ǿܲšл˵̧ͷˣȴźڰĹâҵҲ̫Ԫȼ׷֮һ
˻һ˲ͽסˣɴ˫ۿл塣
лЦȻ곤꣬ҲģҪ˵˭̫ӵأοǻǱףҶиһĳݣҲ֧£лϲſϷҳȥʵѧ롣ұѧɹúø
лĿԩگϵġԪȼϣͻ޼ҺлϷֺݾһ֮󣬴ڷв㶯ҡҲžԼʲôһںȴѾˡ
㡭Ѿ𾪵Ĳ֪˵ʲôˡ
ʮҲɵˣͻȻлҵȷһĳʱ䳣ߣӵ˵һ䣬лλδһһλĳ˵ʱԪȼУл壬ݴǣһϡ
ֻʱʮ̫СˣǵǸѧл塣
лû˵𺳣ϾԼ޳Ūˡ
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лжìܣǿˣѪͻˣҪЧԪȼģȴԪȼԹԪȼҲԹԼšš
һĸԸԩگдôȺԪȼġ
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˵ܰܣ㣬Ҳ޻壬ʲôԹҪһ
лͷһ٣һī֭ȾһƬ
ԼܣҲ˵
ˣл˰̫£Ȼİæԩگ顣
һϣָһԾ߲ĵǵҲԸݣκ˵Ҫܰɫ׶ʱתߣԳĬ顣
Ҳ޷뿪ʹֻڻʹߣѾϰһû˵ĵطĬĬˡ
һϨ˵ƿǽʱͻȻһһӰֱ¡
Ҫȴֱסӵǽϣ򡭡
˲оϢУֲֻܱܵСĺ˶ԷоȻЩϤ
˵ģٶȴ
Ϥߡ
ǿʹۣסƲҲǡڴʱƮߣ¹𽥿˱˴ˡ
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ХʱҲһ㶣ֲɵһ£һȴסĲӡ
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š
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ٶȿʮΪǵˣҪˡ
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Ѿ˵ˣֻվڴǰŲ
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Хް߰ɣǸһĻڳš
ʲôһҲˣʮϲӡ
˶־ֻšˣô


260 
ھǱ֮ǰͷΧİ˶ǣ֤˶ͳ顣Х˼Σûûˣʮַˡ
²Щ˹ֻǸŰˣǾǱߵ˵ģǻؽХʶĽǰլХڳȥǰæ
ХȥʱϮľشˣɵɱ֮󣬼Ҳˡ
ľش˵˾ǵХȥ
ХѵԴһΣȻȻʱȫģԶԣ׷ɱĳΣգХʱ䵱ǵĻһ·߾ߡ
ҲΪХİǶʱ䣬ܰɳȥ˲Ż޹
˱߾ҵݴǺݴѾܼˣ֪Ҳ׻Ǳ߲ȫ¾ȰѻԵĳԼĲ
ֱǰ֮󣬳ͻȻ仯
Х˵ɫͱˣĿһۡ
ԭ棬״ɫ˵ҳȥţġ
Ȼе㲻˼ҲûХ飬ӦǷʲôˡ
ȻȵŹ֮Хž㵵˵֮ǰ˵ıܣ֪Ǻˣû뵽Ȼ̫ӵ¡
ʹ׼ƺʱ򣬻￩һ¡
顭ڱԪȼˣ
죬ڼĹжȹ˱仯ڡ
Хȥʱ򣬿ľԪȼ
ХɵˣԪȼĳ࣬ʹ겻ʹʱļ䣬ҲǹĿ֡
ֻǵʱХȣΪԪȼ״̬ѾʧأϵļʱԪȼľشܻᱻֱ
ԪȼѪͷҲúܳһ˫ʮˣѾûǵĹâǽӽҰԵ塣ȫָˡ
ݴǺһסԪȼˣХǰҲƴȫǿƺ⡣
Ԫȼǵ͸һҪȥҡ
ľشԪȼ˵񣬸ϽǰٴŪβǽΣ
һݴǽѯʣľشҲͷ۵ҪӦһʱ޷ӦƲ߻ħˣٸʦֵ
һݴǸϽ˼ڣȳ֮ŸХһХ˵֪ģҲͲˡ
ǵڶΣλԪȼ޴ĶԪȼһҪߵӣ޷Լ˼ܿǵĲ֮ͱˡ
һԭȵʮطԳǵıִУȻûȨҲǱ˻ͳ˧ְλϣҲԳǵĵǲԱ߾ڵԪȼҲٰȫ
ǲòӣԪȼֲȶΣ֮ʱһ׷ͯյͷˣһӾסԪȼ
Ԫȼľشʦ
ȻأｹϽ׷ʡΪʲô˵ֻһˣûô
ǵԭгȻʹĥŻָԪȼҲû߻ħȻػгŻ֢ͬ
Ҳ֪ΪʦҪǱˣҿ黹ҪһʱָܻѵӣȲ˾׼㣬һģ˵Ҫһ㡣Хֱӵ
ôܲءǱС˾ˡ
ʲôÿģʦ书Ҽǿҽľش߳һܳ£ǾעҪˡʦǱ߲Ӭ࣬ԴֱӴ߾Ǳˣߵʱ䡣
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ʧֻεһôҲһˣӦõȷ˳鰲ȫ֮𣿡
Хʹ˵ÿųʱ򣬳ΰѼ䶼ֻ˵һ仰
һ㶣ĿХХޱ鸴Ϊʲôߣ
˲һ˺һƵģȻ٣쵽۵õزͳ뿪ʱס½һߵʱһ仰˵ˡ
Хʼ磬˵ĳ㶯ŭԾȽҪҲʮ
ʮ͵ʮʲôӵȫΪжϵӵȫһ³çģڿ϶벻㣬ξƴҲҪȥ
۾ųϢĵĵ㿪棬ȴǽͣĻɫͼꡣ
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ϵͳʲô˱׼˵ڳ鲻Ӧǰȫ
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˶˼Ŀҡͷ
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ǰ㲻ڵ㰡ʲô㲻뿪ģ֪ˣǲǻҺԽҵ㵣ģ˵Ụˡ
ǣʹˣܰҲǳֻ֣ʱ߲Ҫһʱ޷˵ɣֻܵҸҲ˵ǵ֮׵ġ
㡭ʮˡ
ХҲͬ
֣Ҳû취ˡ
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ȵʱХȴɲߡ
һʾ⣬Х˼ʮȷʹȫİ취ҲߣҲֻܷˡ
һ˵ʮǰȫĶҪҲͲ˵ʲôˣžҪȥ
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С˾ǳ飬һҲѶҡ
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κԥǲƽʱС˾ҲȫֻǸо鷳ˡ
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ХͷҪߣͻȻ׵ӣݵƺǰʱˣϴЮʱ͸оƮƮģѾʣʲôˡ
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ڵĳ͢ǳıĳ͢Ȼ̫ڵִǶԼλԼ飬ѳ⣬ΨһܳĵطݣԼûһԱѹǡ
ԽһˣԳǣԳǻһֱôĸԸܰķԸԳǡ
ȻԳھǣڳϳٳţдҲرգýӴκˣ󲿷ֵľǽһֻҪѱ÷ĻӽʵȫڶŮ˽ˡ

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Ҳͬһȥ·Ԫȼ˵ÿָϰ벿ȻѾѪȾ졣
ݴǸϽ£ҪؾһХѾȥˣҲڴ˻·ϣȣɢˡ
Ҫȥˣҿ࡭Ҫɱ˺ˣҪȥѳ飬ҴӦġԪȼ˵˵ţҪγѪֹסĲǴӹĿ־塣
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ʦ֡ľشҪԪȼ̼ܵһ㣬һ֣ľشͱ𿪡
ݴǰסľشôһһӰƮƮƮԪȼǰ
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Ԫȼѵķţ֪Ҫȥ
Ҳȥˡ
ʦ㣬ȥߡΪʲôߣԪȼ̲ס૵
֪ܶ顭ǲ֪һ裬ԲҪˡԪȼ˵žͼ
ʦܸˣԤûʵ֣ȼ˰ˣʦҲܱ㰮ϵˣô׷㡣ԼȥĺΣգʦĻƣҪʱסʱʦҲ㡣
ʦ£Ԫȼ񽥽ĻָҲƽ
԰ôᡭҡ
ȵԪȼƳ׵Ȼ侲Գ֣صԪȼ
ݴǺľشһ
ʱʦͻȻԶϣѣһǵǾ뿪ɱˣͽܲǡ
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ԪȼĿ˲֡
ݴҲϡ
ȴԪȼסĲӰˤЦž˫ֱʾԼûе⡣ȻЦЦԪȼǱߵϢ֪Сڹʮֵĺãҽֲ˼Ѿˡ
Ԫȼһ˲亮⡣
ݴЦ䣬ץǵģҿİɣ
ʼ磬һģǷǳгԪȼġ
ԪȼûлشֻĿ
Ц㻹˶ߣǵõǵԼҿ԰һУֻҪ롣


261 
ԽХȷѾָԭĳҪ֮ǰһǱʴƷȨǲܵˣԸܰԳǣֻߴһ·
ĴԪȼֻΪʸ֮ġ
ԩگ·ͱʮҪһ˳ԩѩ֮˶̶Ȼ÷ǳߡ
֪ܰԪȼţ̫ݻжлֹǰչעص㣬ֻҪóԩگ飬һתߣܰãԽܰ
ܰ鱾ʹںܶڸֻ֮Ҫš⸴ܣҵŶԸǾͿԽһк
ڵڱεãҺԽҵ˻ڻʹʣȻơ
¹ȻԸæ̫ΪԪȼֱӸܸϣʮկʹѾҽԴҲ
Խ²Ҫ뷭̣Ӧǻݣ˵ЩֱӴĸǣתͶԪȼ£ֱӱԳ췴
ҪռϢԳµĽ죬ЩԲ߷
Խ佫Ƚ˽⣬дҪԩگ顣
ܰͬ·ܿ˾е۴󲨣͢жվɡ
ԩگҲܿڶдͲһ鷳˺ױɿҶһг˻ɡǲԩگݣ¸֤ҲûãΪ˶ˣҪԪȼһ˶ԲԴ𣿱ϾǰǿûдԪȼ¡
ǻỳܰڹתƴҽ㣬ǷܰΪŮ˲øӦȴѡ˵ʵۡһŮѿسòһ˴ܳĽɽ
Ϻܶϰոʶֻ֣ܿڶഫܶϢȻŴžͶʧ߱ˡ
İ취
ѡؼ¼γǿҵļ㣬дɻ籾ͯҥȻؽϷԺݣ¥ؤۼص
һȥǱ׬ĵǮҽȥˣ֪δЧΡ
̫ӵǾľˡȵ
ֻǲԩٰ룬ûбİ취ԽԽ𾢣ָоͺ޲ϴסһ˾͸һͨöԷ֪Ԫȼ˶ίǵ̫ӵжá
ʵСʱҲ̫ӵ£ֻΪͲǺ̫ӵ¶úԶûϤϧϤˣӦûЩһֱӵ̫ӵµһס
㻹̲סЩ޲մȾκκڰ̫ӵ¸öá
󲻽ĿҪѯʣһϥХͻȻ۾ʧ
˼˾Ϳš
һűƿȻûʾûš
߽ܰ˵в⣬Ҳ
һѪ˲䱻ǰ
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ܰЦһԭ㣬㲻Ը뿪Ϊҵǲ֪ԭֹϵ
㣬ŵأǰôˣ
ץˣڿľͷ­ܰ
ʱһû¾УٻܴһŸ顣漴̹ȻܰȻ֪ұû͸֪ҲԴУѵԤ𣿡
ܰͷҵԤУû뵽Ϊ˴ﵽĿģȻƭҵܵĸ飬һ߸ҵҹҹԣһָԼıź˿ԭΪһ䣬ĵˣһҿ𣿡
ܰ˫΢У˵Ļȴβѣе
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˲䱻ѪԣƵĿܰ
ܲ˵㣬ΪʲôһҪԳ飡
ܰȴ˭ôץҲⲻ֤Σ˵Ĳ˺׾ͳΪĸ󻼣̫ǿҲܸ˿ĻᣬվȨ۷Ͳܸ£ǷǺڼףвһҪ߲Сڣĸ֮Ầ㡣㿴ⲻǱԸһ𣿡
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ܰǿԲӦֻҪϢһ磬Ȼơ
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ܰһץͷˣ֪϶ʱ쾩ǣԲŲò£²ߡ
ΪĿģԼ׵ܵ𣿡ɫڵĶҪīˡ
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ܰ˵ߣ󽹼ĸϽ׷ܰ
ХţѾˡ
ʮҲ˽ո뿪æöȥˣһ˵ʲôͻ飬ȻֿѪţżѯ
ɫ԰׵ĻȻȥȥҸףһܡ
ܰǿţд˼ƻˡ
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ХʮͷӦ¡
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ǻеĵҶǵãҸոһŲֻо˵ĶԣҾ벻˭˵ˡʮ

ʱԶ¹Ĺڣż誵ô찡ȥľȲ
֪ܰȫĹϵһֱܺãỤɫ࣬ȴ˵һг飬ֵܻģǾͺá
̫Ǿͱôô࣬ôµ
ȨܿܰˡλδرֶʴȣֻԸġ誵
誣ʶ𣿡
ΣǴҹ㣬ŮװûʲôĻᡣԡˣǼǸйء˵ͻȻһ
ʲôº
誻ͳ˵飬һξۻϣ̫˵ĹŮӿɶ̴Ӿ飬һǡΪܰ
һĲۣдԼĹ۵ϽԪȼѡѵģԪȼѡˣ˿ҲϿˣȴǰ죬׷֮£ԭŮӾۻǱĿˣܰдĲСĻС
Ԫȼ佱˼䣬ȴת̬ȣУ˼ҹﲻڣȻΪԼ⣬˵˵žͱԱ𹥻
ԪȼͻȻھ˵һ
ﶼɵˣǰ˵ڲͬû뵽ôҲã˭˵ֻ׻سˣҺúѧϰҲܱ紦¡
誵ͷʱ»˵˺ܶĻȰҿ۽磬īسɹ棬һɲ䣬ȥû

ʱĲݣ˻ϳû뵽С˾˵·Ǵ̫ӹġ
Ϊ̫ӹ˸ҿȫпοǰܿһ̫ӹҲǺõġ
ֱ̤̫ӹ֮ȴﾹȻ˵ƻ𣬶ҹͻȻһ¡
ľٿݰܣٸ࣬һжĺܺã·⹬˻Ƶġ


262 
Ȼô
ô˶ӵĹʮҲˡ
˶Х
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һʱȻҲ˷ʱпʲôХļƻǴӴǾ͸Х
͵̤һ˲䣬ͷ鲻ԡ
ˡ
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ХֱֻܴӷϷʮҲϽ
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ǵͷһȴ˾Ȼл壬ǡ
ʲôܰ
ʮȵĶһۣһֹĸоӿͷܰΪʲôԪȼĹڡ
ȻҲǡϾ˷¶һìԥˣͻԼᶨ
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Ҳǿڵġ㣬ˣҪעϢ㼴ʹӣҲϣȫɡ
ܰЦһʹҲԤӡ
㲻ᣬҪӣʹĺӣԪϵѪѪһִ𣿡лֱ˵
ͻȻһ˲ͣ͵ĺ
ɫԽԽѿʲô˵Ķ
ȥ
֪ܰҪʲôеʱַ̫ʵ䷴Ըδ𣿡
л壡
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˺񱻳˻ƵġʮҲɵˡ
ܰԪȼô᣿ôܣ
죡
лȴܰŭ𣬲첻ĻΪʲô˵ҪһͬܵʢǬף㲻һСŮҵ̫ӣиļ϶̹Ȼ˻顣ҲܣΪʱҲҪ׷̫ӣҲ˵Ҫ޸̫ӵһ֪ˣͲˣ𣿡
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ܰ䣬ſڴ
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Ǹ˽˰ɲӾ磬Ҫ׷𡣡
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лȴʲôƺҲʲôүӺ̫ӵүүһˡ
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ʵʱӺų̰͢ϱ˰˲飬ÿյʱ˼һ¸үӣǸֱ̫ˣȻûӺİʾֱӰգز飬Ǹݵ컨ڵĵط谭˸׵ĽŲ
˼ǹģ󲻸źԼֺĸ׵컨ȻǹͶš
ܰЦһʱ߻ʵԶǵͷ˵㣬Ǻ׵ıѺηȺӺ࣬
һϲϸ飬ӺĻȫȨǡ
ϵȷӺȨޣҲЭ飬Ӻ˸֮ǰڣǼոͬһηĲ㣬Ϊ˶ȻȻ컨ʮ첡˸Ǵһĸ׾Ⱦˣʱϻҩֻάһ첻񻯣ĸװѻ㡣
ɴ˫ۣһɱ֮ӿ
ܰһǳԾͷѣΪʲôΪΪȴ³ȨҲϲȨưײɱӺŹˡҲҾûлᣬΪʱܰڲԶأ뾡취˳ȥȣƭң̫Ԫȼһҡ
һ죬ҧŲţסԼеʹĥǰغ󱳵Ƥ⣬ֻΪ
һ·˳ȥ
죬Ҳȼˣ֪ܰĸ׺͵ܵܶΣա
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ͻȻˮˣ˳ɡΪסˡͷĿţȴĲʮֻоһźÿ
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ܹ˵Ҫʶÿһ󳼺ʹ󳼼ҵŮ
ǲýиס

κǵٶ𡣡С㣬Ҫ£ܸ˵˵ô𣿡
£Ԫȼ̫ӵ£ܰ˺̫ܶӵµĴţǸԽˣлҪˣæ𣿵ҲǻʼˣụӰɡ
ܰûþͷˣѾˣܸ
£̫ӵ¡㡭ܰͷȾκҵļˡҪӺˡһҾͼˡ㡭ңȥǡ
ܰո˵꣬ȴΪͶ̱ˮУһ͸оһᣬȻ
¡˺
𿿹Ⱦ컨ˣҸȾ£ûȾı𿿽׼ݴǣӺţû˱붼š
ǣݴ˷ɱȥ
С£ո˵Ӻ
ӷͬӺҲܹϢߣȥǱߡ
ܰ㱵ţȴĲ᲻ͣδ˵Ķģ壬֪ץסԪȼ½ҪѣǶԷȴΪǵǺ£ֻοͰҽߡ
ĸۡΪһжΣҪȥȴ˸ס
վԺУһ˹¡
ضһʼҶԲס㣬һʵ棬һһ˾ͻء
ܰӦ֪һ̫ӵ£ϽȥǵʱԪȼѾˡ
ףǲǡ
ܰĸסȥˡ
κվûаԮ˰ηСܰ󶼶һ١
Ӻնɱκõ׺Ͳ
Ҫ˵ԪȼףлҲǵһ紦õʵԶүֻǵʱȫ̰µ
ΪԪȼĽ룬ֻܵ꣬ԸӺͷϣҲʱʼԪȼɿˡ
ܰϷʮֲֿȻֱƭ˵һֱڵ֤ԪȼҲˣֻһʼ׼ȰӺԼġ
κǰֵһˣܰκ˵࣬κᱻ
ѯСΪʲôߵʱܰо͸߶һֻܵˣպͿĸס
СģΪˣԶԾӣ󹬣Ҳʱ˵ڼܰκĶˡ
֪ܰ˵Ƕˣǳˣסʱ䣬ĸҲ
ܰԼκĵһ
ԪȼʱıǿӦЧҵĻ塣
뷨ܰһֱ͵͵Ĺ۲ԪȼһֱˣôܲĽҲԽԽԪȼǴδϣӦ׷ֻҪԪȼʲôԩʲôĶǣʲôȨƺȲƽС
ǿ԰£ΪܾľΪһҫŬܶ
ԪȼҲ˵ŮӿԲܰл˻飬ҵԼռĿ꣬ҪΪԪȼӣ󵱻ʺƿغȨƣֻԪȼ߳ı߹õ硣ҪǸԼŨīزʵһʡ
룬Ľ׷ԪȼܰľԽͻ䶼ԣҲ֪ԼŮҪ֣Ҫͻݣл󹬡͵ͣ͵͵ѧϰ
ͻȻһ죬Ԫȼսǧ˵ϣǻΪۡ
ߵˣΪȫʬΪʢ̡
ʱκžƣΪԪȼ˵ܰǹŮӣûʸ˵Ҫ֪࣬Ԫȼôˣ˽Գȥͫйдսʬĵطÿ췭ʬ壬Ϣ߾Ͳȣܿ죬ܰͽ°ߣڲΪūʱԪȼ
֮ʮָȤȻ˵ҪܰôˣԪȼɱɱġ
ʱȴܰе࣬ܰţͱھУţۼ֤ܳôԼԼΪȨƣݺԪȼǳأġ
Ƕʱ䣬ܰѾǰһбƷˡٶʱѾصκģκˣһֱ׷ô¡
ܰȴԼڷ꣬
ȵִ֮ܵ˶ԹԪȼûһ֪࣬Ҳ˸ΪԪȼ˵ĿһУԽ롭Խޣ
ϸʱͻȻ뵽Ҫʲôʱ˼ĻشΪԪȼ𡭡Ϊұ𡣡
˵ҪһСη죬ǿʼ
ĸ֮·ôʼˡ

һļž·˶˺ֱһΪ˸ҲΪе룿
ܰԼĶӡΪһ˽ԪȼԪȼûˣҲܿ˵ϻλƿ˵ˣҾԼٴһԪȼ
㡭˵ִ̫ܰǼг𰡣ܰһ޿ɺǣѹָҲѾ֪˵ʲôˡ
лҲص̾һ
ʱ㱨˵ˡ
ܰ˲ɫתȥ¡
лǰش󣬷˳ȥ
ȵٶ밲
ʮһ۾ͿԪȼĻ
ʮ˵ôᡭ
Х԰׵㶵񣬸Ͻһ£ɵˣô죿Ѿ֣ػǽ߲ˡ
Ŀ˻һֱۣӵȻȥ
ֱХҹѲʮصĲݣʣͱŹˣֻҪڣʲô
ֻǽ˻ᡣ
ʮţһʱûһ˵ճƵˡ
ǡҪҪܰ࣬ҲʮͻȻڵ
ʵǸ嶯ҪȥץסܰļĽ˾ǳ飬ҲԴϲ
Ҳ˸Խͨʱ˵Ļʱ˵л飬ѯʸòø֪࣬˲ţϾлҪġ
Խȴ񶨵ҪĲɲԱؾֻҪԼ˵˭Ҳ
³һоеסˣȨ֣ܶ˶䣬Ҳδֵʱͻʹ֡¶ʹСʵӸЩ֣ܰһ̣òԷΪȫ
һ죬ԪȼĻع飬ܰ
ִƫԪȼƫԼ
ֻǵڶ죬˾ͲˣΪĲʧ٣ܰĿظˣХҪѡ
νĴͻ飬ƺĲǿЦ
ԶĹС
һСװӣ΢˽һСԺڣˣϽаʦʦ޺ĸ书ǿǶıҪĹʦˣ˼һ¡
̫ͱҪҵʦǶԿ
ʦȻˣ
ԣһ
ʦ˵
ҪǴѹ˻Ҿ̸ֱܳ
⡭ⲻԼġ
а취ֻ̡ͣ
ôΪˡ
ȻΪ˰켺
ģã޻ͷĸʦʲô
һ㡭Ҫ̸ܳеѡֻһ
˭
֡ࡢ
Сʵ۲֪˭ܸоʦĳƵġһһհ죬ϾλʦжʱѾˡ
ȵСʵ뿪̸еصȴЦе˳ˡ´ʦߡ
ΪһҪصԼĻλ˳㱨㣬ѡСʵֻ֣Ϊ˶𣿲Ҳ˵ˣ̫ҪԼĵܵܺͻ飬ȷʹӰǻԸߡ
Ųǣܶʧż϶ԭģһ˵˳ӣҪ
ݴǺľشҲϽȰ˵Ϣʱ𾪣֪ô͸ˡǵԪȼƲס
ԪȼּҪԪȼǰһƳȴֱӭԪȼػȫʢʱԪȼĶ֣һƣֻѪ˳û£ȺϷ
뿪һϽǰӡµĴһᱳġ˵ϲֻϲ𣿡
֪ҲҪˡֻҪߡҵԸҽ͡
Ԫȼ˵꣬ͻص䣬һովĵطѾѣ˲ɱǻΪһ
պеıͻȻͫйأ·جεݣܳˡ
䲻սֱ˵򲻹бñȫǰճˡ
ܰΪΪʮֲˬǶѹֻͣŶԷһҪ̸ʹʱ򣬾ΪҪ֪ĿΪΣ
ֿܰһվǷˣӦʹСͬʱȥ˽ϣХХҹϻؽϻ޺֮ǡ
ԽھǣŻҺԽҵˣԽģȻϢûд²ʹļƻܸйء
ԭǲߵģڼǰϵͳʾȻָҲѾʼжˡ
ڣ˽٣ָɣȥ㣬ڿԼˡ


263 
ʹܰżˣ˵гʮûԼˡ
ʮ·̣ǵĶ˻Ҿפĳǳء
ԭ˵Űճ˵һǣΪӵҵĳһǾͷֻ佫һжĺܺãϰвлҾڣǾ֪ٲǰһڳ׸
ʹڳŸŻˡ
·İնɵĴǡ
ڲݺȲ裬ԱСۡ
ΪҪ̸ֱӸǰƴˣ
ǣǴܵԩ𣿡
ţһˣֻǵ档Ҳ֪͢ôġ
Ҳڵ˭Ůҵ
µıԪ˧أԼھ֣ҲһȺǱ߾Ȩ󡣡
ܵ涼ˣ˵㱨ԱͲˡ
Ҳô˵ľȷģ˼ʮǱߣܴ̫ӡǴҲû취
ոǲ˵Ǹˣ㡭
꣬⻰ɲ˵ˣǲ֪ʵǴؾ̻Ϣûдǿǳ͢·ԩگ飬˵ʵꡭ
ţ˵ʼΪ˻λײϣԭģô˵̫ӵǱݺģ
ֹǰյѪͷأȵۻǡݡϧ̫ӵ¡
ߣ˵ˣЩСë֪һ˼žͼ
̫ӵºݽǿңս޲ʤǴųô꣬ʹûôӲǿģҶü꣬ҿۿģʱ̫ӵ´ıһ֣ǾڵĻҾҲδܱȣɽž͸ٵһʱ˵һ飬ûңҡ
˼һ˵Χ˵ע⣬ԽԽ󣬿ӣ۲ټ
ʮЦһСӵʱҲ
ûжԱȾû򡣡ЦЦٶİ˵ĳЩ̵ġ
˵ţʹˡ
ԭһһ˻ʱĽ
Ϸţ˲ܰ˵
֪ϵ𣿡
Ҳ֪ߵ̫࣬һʱ򿴼Һݴǰùİţʾ˱֮ǰҾˡȻֻѹ·ֻвƵġ
᲻֪㱻취㡣ʮ
ҲҲųΪ
Ҷ֪ȨˣϾô˵ǳ飬ôڰ쵽أ
ǳ飬ΪλҪ˱װǻƵĲ
Ҳ벻ף֪֮飬воС뷳ô࣬ھһҪ顣
ڻͣһ죬Ǳ߾˴ţҪʹȥʳ̸Уʵһ£㶼ڱ߾̸ģһûдԷǿҪȥʳǣΪƷҲֻܴӦ
䲻ģҪ˸棬Ͼʹ鲻ţʮǱ߶ţκ˿ҲֻļĿŶ뿪
˵Ķһ֧Ķ飬˵ǻרȻǸ֣һǲʹģ
Ǹ޴֣ʮȥ͵Ҳû͵ʲô·һжǸСʵ۵
죬ҪʳǵһվʱͻȻһ׽
ʹػϣʳǻרӴʳǡ
ʹ˳ʾԣʹԼĹٷô㴩·𣿡
ǣɫʹǹ˹͵Ķ𣿡
λ˸˵ҲûãӣҲ֪ᷢʲôͳвˡ
ʹ泳֣ʮ㲻ô£Ҳ⽻أǻϸԵƷƣӦò˵ģɫҲ̫ˡ
ó˱ȣһ¡
ʮȴһ£ǰһϮºɫ£ú·ĵ˿խαʮֺÿ°ｻ½ҲԵۡ
ûɫ·һӾȻʮȴôôŤͺ񡭡Ǵϲ׼ӭ׵ɹƵġ
·ܸоЩ֡ǰɣʵ
ʮڵ˵ӿ϶᲻ˡ
û뵽ģֻʮᵽ飬鲻ɵˣ
˻ǾڶҪֵǿӲһЩҲǿӲû˼ֻΪʲôˣûгϢе˶ǼӣҲΪˣΪʲôǰʹֱʣϾ˲˭֪Ҫʲô
Ϊ˰ȫʮߣȻԼֻˣǿһҵ˵ġ
Żɽǵ˼ҪߵʱԶڻʳǵͻȻһɫ
һʮͣסŲָԶ⣬һ飬ר缯õǾȥǱߡ
ԽֱתʮṦȥæδʱҲϺȣʹеǡ
ǡ
֪ҿǽʱ϶˺ҡҪߣ
ʮҲû취֪Ǻò֪ӵټǲܷᡣ׷֮ǰʮɹ룬̹Ȼ߹ȥ˵ɢ˸
ʵʮֵĳ飬ϾûΣ棬ھ͵ʮˡ
Щʲô
Ǳȥˣ㲻Ǿܵʹſɲˡ
ûп˵ͱһ˻Ρ
ٴȻһҡҡλεĻС
ʶһʵأҡεƵеûйǰʲôסˡ
˫ҲϸϸӰסˣ̶ͷԶ޷죬Ҳ޷ժԼǰĶһȻϸ΢ָǿܻɴһʵأЩȣĻˬҹ
ȫ޷ԼڵᵽѪζҩζԼûˡ
ˣ
һԼӦϣôһˣ
ͳڳ·ľɽУȪʯϻص춯ȴΣյĸоôҿ϶Լû
ʶˡ
µ϶ԣ˲ͻˣ
˭˭
䣬׵һΣյϢϮһͣںڰӦϾͱ˺ݺѹס
ֱӺһըˡ
ʲôʲôһˣ
˲ŭͼȭߣƴŤͷˣôܱ˳ˡ
̬һ̬ˣ
ǲˣԷֺݺݵס°ͣʹſ죬һ˲ͱֱ룬ͷƤըˣôܵ裬޲ҧ϶Էͷ
ҧ·ڶԷжƵģҧƾܵķӭƵģֻܱȳǷ·ųͷζǣǣһֿ̣һֱ޴ϵĿ̡
ûȷеĽҺֻܱʡ
֪ԼûбԴѾֱˣȻֱǵȱȴоһ˿˿Ϥĸо
ţϸ˼Ϥĸоӱ鷢ˡ
˺һ˲飬ϴ¶ʱ·𱻱ιԸоһֻ֣޳ǽڷ󣬵ȴ־սС
ȴܸоԷѹͬסϵڱ̼ķһײϵˣתҪߡ
ǺܿͱץסһӰ֮ϣͷֱӲһɴУȴǡð۾ϵĲһ㣬һ˿˽ھȻҹ
٣ſң
ſ
ӷ·ھ׽֣ã˲ѹȥ͸оԼʵʵһѹԷϵԣǾԵǿߵѹȸʮ㡣ʵļ϶һƽ̿ÿһ綼ǱűϻѪζ˸оʮΣաҪѣȥо󲱾һʹ˺ҧһ㡣
š顭͡
ͫһ⵽ʲôô£ģ
ɫҲԽԽѿˣΪоԷ书Լо͸СƵģ޻֮ԽԷѹƵԽ׺ݡ
ſңвˣʲô㵽ʲôˣ
ǶԷȴɸӵ˱֮ϣֱеѣԸоԷϵķӦֱ׹ĸӷϧþȫԼϵƺˣְס˫֡һֻȴ£һ˺һһĿӡ
ָֻȥѪҺסˣëսо⾹ȻȴӣѪģҪ޷ܡ
ס֣ס֣㵽Ϊʲôôʶ𣿲ҪҪ·۸һѾ͸Уʾκһ˶޷飬оԼҪˣˣˣ鷢
Բܡ
һָʹ˲һƵġ
ɫɷף亹ֱð˶ɵˣ·걻ϳĴʹУȻͷȴǱڵߣֻܿѹϵź£θߴ
ҪҪ˭ģûеɣΪʲôҪô

Ҫ㣬κҪ󣬱
˶ſ־壬ڴ˿ǻ·𶼸ˣоָ뿪ȴһΣտ
ֱһգû뵽Լһ˻飬ó֪֪
ˣƴҡͷȴ·뻢ڣһͽͣҲ޷ѡ
Ǳһ˺ѣҲʹޱȡĺ顭顭ҡ飡
һ٣Ҳסˡ
𣿺𣿡ڿˡ޳ָס°ͣͷ
һ£ڿ־оҵĲ
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Ϊʲô㰮ߣ
ʵһ㶡
Ϊʲôߣ
Ϊʲôߡ
𣿡
Ȼ죬
ƴɨҰޣȴֻܿīĳļԼϵһź롣
˫۽Ŵ󣬿־˲ʧʹҲ·ÿЦ
ǿ롭
Ԫȼ
Ԫȼ˶٣ŲκˣŵԣԼ뿪ԸھǶߣ˴Լ޲̵ֱǰˡ
ȴ¿Է˺ʲô
£αƴܽһԸţ֪ܣֹסĺ¡Ϊʲôԭߣֻ֪ƲסԼˡ
Ǿķ񱻽һ֣ľͿסˡ
֪Щӣô£Ϊί㲻ҪˣǺǡֶʳˣĳŵǺƭҵ𣿡
ͳ͸ԹβȴίĴ˿ǻ
ֱ˵ʲôֻоһһļ¶ͺ£飬㡣飡
ɲǼ䣬ŭʨһ㣬ңң˭㣬˭
ԪȼĪʧˣҲʧˣֻǲҽһһĸоÿһ񾭡
һֱ˵۾ȴԼϵһ̣Էܷ֣·֤ʱҲδǹһʱһ̡
ĵԪȼ˿̵Ժǰź֤
ڣŶϢԪȼԭλҲõͷţֻصˡĴֿɼĵط޼һ˭޷ֿ
쳣ѪζԪȼ۵һƬѪ죬Щҹڳ棬ɴᣣζڶ
ûйĻֻз
飬飬ҲˣҺ£ҿ㣬㡭
Ԫȼսϵ巭˹ѾڷĻζѵˣǰһС
ۣŵ޺ƣʽЩ죬ɫճߡϰķ·ȥϳȴѾŵĻ档
ߵĻζ̧ۣڿԪȼĳࡣ
ǱȻиʵĴڡԪȼǰԪȼ
߸ߵüǣŨҵĽüͦıԵ壬Ӳʵǣ͸ž¸У࣬Ժɶʮĳֺ࣬ÿĹ಻ͬȫ忡ۡȴ˸Ҵ⣬ֻᱻɢ
Ҫ˫۾ֻҪ˫۾ԶİԪȼҲѸٸо⣬ͲôĻš
ûпһɫɴ棬ס۲ת
ܸоǱɴ֮εϣͬʵʵ£ûֱӵ߽£ϵĸоԽԽʧص£Ӻ¡
顭۾
ҵû㲻׼Ҫ󡣡
ԪȼɳԸеͬҩȴո·˵ʾڻ֪û⣬ǹⲻֻǵͷס۾˳գȴϣ۸ˣȴѾƲסǰȴĿ籩ꡣ
β죬ӯۿʹȥһһĸоϮֻץסԪȼÿļ
ิӵģܸоԪȼʧغͷŭҲίٶ뷨˾Լǰϲ
ǲٷȡ̰µϢס˫ҲͼסԪȼĲӡ
̧ߣһЩʹ࣬ʹԪȼ̫ᣬҲţԸһСҪͼⱩ겻ʨӣ߳ܵԣΪĴͱԪȼһƬհˡѾûǣʶȥ˼ˡ
ϾԪȼ̫˽⡣
Ҫǰ׵˲䣬ԪȼְֹͣڻС
һоԪȼǹĥҪԪȼ߿ˡ
ԪȼȴϧƺڸϾҲڸԼϾ˵ǳͷȴԽ塣
ԪȼҪȥԨȴԶ˱ڻУԨĻŵ뿪Ļᡣ
֪˶ãоԼ˶Ҫɢˡ
ԪȼƺһԭʼҰԵвٶ
㲻뿪ˣˡ
·ʲôһ㡣
л㱵ţʶ³ȴžѣͣЪ
չ⡭ֵУٵ𽥰
ʲôֻ֪оһδεĳ٣ױԪȼƿء


264 
һҹֻǳȴһ
ӦĴϣȴо˿ʣ¶꣬۵òС
Ԫȼûйֵʱ򣬵һεľġӦ֮һίϮ
ڰΪԼİô˵Ŀ־壬֪Ԫȼˣȴ顣
Ȼȫܸǹˣǻָ֮Ǹоѹ
ͻȻ󴦴ʹУ۾ȥȴ֮ĳίˡ
ԪȼڣʹΪڼ
ѽִ磬ˣٲѣʦҪˣԼǵ鷳ľشԹ
ľش
ȵȣȺҩ֮ǰˣʦǡ֡ľشںбҲҵģֱҪʹʦּٻزС
Ҳǿ֮ŷԼɳƵġ
ҪǿȴоȻǸոշյ塣
أڵһԪȼϢί
ľشҩȷ꣬Ȼʦ洦飬ܿͻ㲻֪ڵ̫ˣԼ˵ʦֻ˵ɣſţ㡭ˣģʦҩֻҪʦֵͿĨַû⣬˽һȬˡ
ƤûôȻ˵ͬʱеȻŪֲʱ۵÷·嶼ѿһ
ʦֶˣҸոǿûŤˡ
˳ľش߿߷Χڳ˺ɫպ⣬Ȼһɫ˩ϣʮ־£һÿһ˳ڵϣ쵽⣬жʮԶӡÿһξһװΣԾһֱ˫ֵ
ɵˡ
ԪȼǸ쵰ͷβûи⿪ھȻһֻ֡
Ȼתͷľش
ľشεתߣң磬ʦղصһ޼᲻ݣˮ֣˵ʱֻʹ߿Խ⿪֮ǰʦʦֵġڡ
Ǹ𾪵
ʦ֡е㲻ľش
ߣң϶ǵ˵꣬ľش飬֪ⲻǼ򵥵²ˣ˲ľˡôˣ
ľش̾һѺ淢˵һ顣
ѧղҲʦʱ֣ʱʦΪ浤ʧЧüΪȶʧ⣬һֱ߻ħ״̬ϱз財㲻ߣΪ㲻ԸߣҲ򡣡
ôأû𣿡
Ƕ˵ˣûãôһӾףߣԼѡߡ
ҡʱпѱ硣
ԭʲôļһӾ͵˷ָؾʹ̼ˣ񡭡˻þԼ㱻̴࣬ǰǴ˶ħˡ
˲￩һ£ԺϵͳϵͳҲ˵Ͼǣе㲻ͬġ
ʹϵͳûԭһ㶼Ԫȼ֪һеġ
ֻ棬״̬õ𣬲̼ء
һҲ˵ԼҪߣǺŪǵţִ̫ҪͻϢ͡ˡ
һһֻۣ˵ùѪù
ȻʦæȶǣЧ΢ֻһƽ⣬ҪҪָֻܿԼˡʦ˵ʦַ財ûãֻԼסˣ㶮ʲô˼𣿲ַӣǡ
ҶôأⲻһصǰԪȼֿҪԭеķ
ʦںܶΪû߼ģһ嶯ȫƾԼ飬Ҳ𡭡̫ǻ֮Ҳָǣʮֻںޣ㷢գһֱ㲻֣ϴҩ粽룬ֱգ뿪ġ
Ԫȼô࣬ﻹ۶ˡ
ԭԼϵ羹Ȼʧصʱʦõġ
˵ŻͻȻڵص类һϸС಻˵ֱӱֱˣܸоԼ󱻳˳
һ¡
ľشȴεЦÿһʦһ
ͷһ£ȷڲ
ֱӷץס磬Ҳһ¡
һͣסˡ
ܿһĺɫӰڴǰ
ľشϽλãʦ֣ú˵۸ˣִ绹ûкá˵꣬ˡ
ͷǺӰԾǲʵĸоԵǰҪ˵Ҫô۵ӡ
Ԫȼĺܸߴ󣬱ȹȥĳ߳һͷߣݴǺͻ䶼Ҫߣ㱼䣬ƺг͸ɴʱԪȼĺѾ£Ԫȼ¸µ̬
ֱǼ磬ÿһȷֲȴԣÿһ鶼ҧڹϣû˿׸⣬ȴɢԴָĸʱȫͬ񣬵ԪȼȴӲ񣬲ͬȴ˰֡
ϸȥֻ˵һ䲻ǣүѾһõ֮
ٲչٱȴֲʧӲִҵĵ̣Ҳ񲻳ͱ·â϶ᱻƵġ
ֻϧһ͸ĺɫɴס˫ܸоʵʵεϣȴ޷еĶӡ
Ŀš
ԪȼҲڿɫĴȴһߣ͸һ֮
ţټ˵ʲôʲôԼҪҪҪŭ
ҪͷҪѵ֪ˣٸɫԼǰԶûּۻ۵أȥԼ̫̫ûԭ򣬲ŻһٵıԺƭ
ԪȼôûʧˣֻԼİ취Լġ
Զİߣ빲롣
֮󿴼һƬײ״Ԫȼȴһ˲ͺˡ
ô˵أ
ǡǳͷͷܵ
㡭
˿ôˣ𣿡ͻȻڵ
Ԫȼһ㶣ΪĵһǷʣǿʹҪ⿪
Һ񿴼㡭ˡָָšǶʱ޷ֹԪȼԼҲ嶯ˣ㱼ƺʵͿҩãžҵĶѪ񶼽Ⱦˡոûüľش
۵ģҪȴˡ
ɴ֮۾ȴϣĿڴ˵ӲֲһӾͱɢˡ
·ֻҪһԣһػԼ;ͶĸԸĳΪ²
û¡㡭˵ˣôɳƣŤһڣԪȼ֪Լȥ붼Ӱֻԡ
㻹˼˵㲻Ǹҩʲô
ҡԪȼҭһ£ߴӲǱߣžȻһֻ޴ıѱޣԹɵıѵš
ĴߣпգǾ»£ңӦһ
Ԫȼʶץ磬ǲˣϢҿ㡣
㶣ǼᶨŲŲҲ£ˣҰɡ
ԪȼعѾЦӯӯݡ
ֱҪקԪȼɴԪȼ˲ץס͸ɫʵԵʱ͸⿴ڡ

УǲǱ˴˵İʲôҲܿ𣿡ᶨ
ԪȼԾץ󣬡ŵ
ȴǰ֣Ԫȼ˶٣վûֹժɴ
ϵһ˲䣬оԼĺͣסˡ
һ˫ۺһ۵Ļĳǰëʱβγһ黡ӰϱԲϣԴЧ۵ȻǺɫͬ͵ĺ챦ʯ欹۲ת䣬ԣֻҪһۣͬƻһ㡣ͬʱᶨԵּ㡣
Ԫȼ߽ڵʱ·۽ȣͬȼգе¶ȶȻ顣˲ֱӣȴҪɶ˻
ֻҪһۣԪȼںϣٶУ޷԰Ρ
ԪȼãվǴǾһ˲䣬һԪȼϡ
顭Ԫȼҡ
û˵꣬ԪȼͻȻʧˣֱӷסصŷİ⡣
ãԪȼɿ
ЦĿԪȼѯʵһʼҵңѵҿ˫ܺÿ
ֻ˵ÿ
ĺÿЦ峺ԪȼҪҡˣȻóƭ˵ı־ĺÿǲȡѵƭת
Ԫȼ壬岻ȴǰһֱôû֧ŵѹţܲˡ
ԪȼҪȴһԭ˶类˵ϡ
ɿ̲ס˼Լϵ硣оʵڲ㣬͵Ƚ⿪ɡ
ԪȼȴͻȻǿӲС
̧ͷһԪȼѾˣʮķ
Ȼһ˲
Ԫȼȴٶȵǲ뿪ߣ벻в𣿡
ͻȻЦЦãţҪôôҪöС
Ȼ֪£˳ԪȼȽϺãӲûá
ԪȼȻסýŵҡҲɿġ
֪ԸⱻšЦһҪȸ˵һ飬ҵΪʲôܸһ뿪
Ԫȼüͷ
ſͷϣԪȼǰǶǲԽϵͳƣԪȼȻˡ
ԪȼһƬհף漴ĻںޣȻ֪϶ԭ򣬲û֮һĿԣôɣΪΪ˱ˣ߱£ⲻԸ⿴ģֻʱʱ̿Լǰںе飬졭ô밲ҵˣ
Ԥ֡ϣõġϽ
߲ܺáԪȼе
ЦЦãߡ
ʵʮԪȼ֮͸Ͻ˵һ֪ͨϵͳƣֻ˵˵ڷ飬޷Ϊʲôߣ˵꣬Ԫȼ֪еࡣ
ԪȼıЩ㱵֪û֪Ҳö㷢ģҡ
ûϵҲ㣬ġǶû˲õĽᰲ
ԪȼȴͻȻ壬ȥ½
ʵңǴǲǡ
Ԫȼ˵꣬ȴûпκ˿ڣ԰֮ǰһֱһȻ֪û˿ڣֻǶμ̹ġ
ʵԪȼ׼ڵ
Ȼ˶٣ȴǵûе¶
Ԫȼڻǽ⿪磬֪ķˡ
Żָɵ̲סůůģԪȼʮָۡ
ģڡ
ΪԼԪȼԪȼҲøʱһˡ
ǴˣΪҩ˶˵˺ܾõĻܿ˯ˡ
ֱٶԵĸоΪԼʲô˼ΣͻȻĸоϢֱӱŪˣڻۣһӾͱǰĳ𾪣ֻ޴ͼƿĳˡ
Ԫȼ̧壬ͷǵĲ࣬۵׵ĺɫٶȳ˵ϣ¡
̹ϵĶԴ
Ԫȼ
ڣԪȼ·˫ζͬһ㵵УϢסǶȴС
֪ҪʲôԼŸոպð⡭ˣǿԪȼĲͽֻ꣬̾һڣҾԡ𼱡
Ԫȼ˫΢У·õ˰һβʧأҲʶͲͬڹȥĳˣֻ缸Ըַʽİףȥʧȥңû뵽ԵҲô
תͬþԹֻܸԪȼߡԪȼȴȷʲôƵģֱԼȷˣŻֹֻͣʱεˡ
ľƣߣٶ·ѾԼˣҪˣǿϵ磬ᣬԪȼȻ׻ָ


265 
û뵽ԼʳǼڴ죬ӹǡûˡ
ԪȼȥֻҲԹֱӰ˱

Ҫ£ͬһ𡣡
ȵȣ·Լߣ
ļᶨ£ԪȼЭҲյ硣
Ҫ·ŷԪȼûи׼·ԭ·ͻˣֻһĺɫ£Ԫȼϴŵ׵ġ
ôҲ˼ʣб·𣿡
Ԫȼü㲻ϲ
ţ˼һΪЯȥأ̫ˡε
˵ͼԪȼĬˣ飬òǡһʼ͹İɡ
㲻˵ϲҴɫ˵ˡ㻹ءԪȼԹ
ˣʱӲˣֲϲˣϲ㣬㲻֪𣿸ͨ·
Ԫȼ˵ĿվҲû³ȥ
ȿְѽҹϵʱԪȼɫźÿһЩʲôͿˡ
̤ţڿ̫ˡ
֪ƤԳľشľСԺûмˣһֱΪͨĵطȿǰһʱɵˡ
ǡʹɡȻĿԪȼ
ԪȼͷڵĹʦ
Ԫȼ˵꣬Ҳ߳ԺڵĹһžмʮ˹ڵ밲Ȼȫͬǰʦĵλġ
ȵĲˣֻѹס
ͣŽӣڽԿһʮӰϽЦŴкʮˣʮͷһҿӡ
Ϊ˵ΪڣԪȼǰҲû⡣
ʱԶһȺ˹
ԶԶ˺ʦ
ȥֻһС괩Բͬ˹
˼žǸ׵ۣڿҲʮ꣬ȴĺܣӡеĻӻҪӣС˻ʵ۵ˡ
Ҫ񣬽ȴԪȼ뻳С
һʮˣԪȼȴվţֻ΢΢Ƿһ¡
СʵȴϽ˵˹ʦ޵ĶʦλǴܳʹʦ֮ˣСʵڵԴŲõӸС
һԪȼôİ
ǵģ֮󣬸ȷҵĲû岻ʣվȣĪ֡Ԫȼѵ
СʵЦ˵ްްȻǹʦ֮ˣȻ񣬹ʦҪȥ
Ȼ¼λ·ģһжصС
Ǿ鷳ʦˡСʵ˷ܵ˫ͨ졣СǸ˻ǾȽϺã󻼡
ԪȼͷӦ£СʵۻڵǰԪȼƿ
ԪȼҲֱһ˽ȥȫû˵
ֱӱ̧С⡭ô°
֮ˣƭ˵ҲģǽҶ㣬ҲŰ¡Ԫȼ͵
ȻšԣҪʵĲ֮˵˵ڵҪȻҪˡ֪ԪȼҪ˻ֵģͲˡ
ԪȼɫҲ֪ģԭǻָߣǻ֮ٶԸǼȻҲܰˣҾ͸ı⡣
Ԫȼϸϸĸ顣
Сʵۺ̫һֱСʵ۵ĻˣСʵ˵ĸʵΪܱŪġֵԼΪȴûȤʵֱۣӷСʵλ
ĸսսĻţһҪɱȨ
ƿ֮£ѹţûʩչҶ֪еϿ¶޷ԸҲûͷ
ֻһֱڣһֱ۸ãҲûҪùң̰۸ܣҲ⣬ɽ˺ҲӶᵳӪ˽棬Ҫôô޹أֻԼȤ飬ټǿӲ䣬ʵڲѾڸƻҡҡ׹ˡ
һҲģգʵǵıǰһ֮⣬븴ؿԿչòãĽ׼̻ԣߵλܾ²˵ūǺġ
ʱһпѹǻʥŮʥŮǾϵľ꣬ΪΪˡҲԪȼҲǿһ㣬ڵ̫ӵʱ򣬾֪󣬲ý׼̻
ھڳϱ־֮ʿȻҲʱҪһԸԿǿ߸ͷȽ鷳Ȼı䣬ʮһ
ѡͻȻֵĵõʦҲǲεģǡ
ô̵ʱ䣬ôס
ԼṩԪȼ
Ȼַʲô衣
Ƿ裬ҪҶػλṩһСʵ۵Σһ죬ȨҼƻǺϣǰҽʡ˲ʱ䣬Сʵ£ҶԸ֪ȴּɣǾ͵ڴһơ
ϣ˫ԼеƣȻٴ
˼ĿԪȼոСʵ۵˼ѵӮˣ
ԪȼҲ䣬Ҳ䡣ҲҲԼ䣬˵׼
Ԫȼڴܳô˼ɣĺɱϣֻҪСʵҲͬܺݵģԪȼṩȴЧʵļıֻЩԸĶ䣬ԾͲϸ˵ˡ
û˿ƵԪȼµģҲ⿴ġ
ǽֹһ֮ͺƵģȻڽڰˣеѸٱԪȼ߽⡣
Ҳ͢ԹʦΣӮǼֱ
ȻΪôѸٵȷǷ˼Ԫȼо䣬СӴʲô⣬Ȼȷ֮ôܲȫء·ϵǶʱ䣬һ²ʧȥС
ԪȼӹЦŵݹĵݺݵϡ
жҪȥġԪȼ
һԪȼŻˡ
أ𾪵
Ԫȼʵ
˲䱩ͱ
Ԫȼüȷˣ£Ҿʹȥ
⻰Ǹоʮֻ㱲ʵǸħӣŪ˴󲿷˵ˣȻˣôоıĿ𣿲ֵԪȼȫֵָԪȼȻǲһġ
û˵飬Ԫȼָ˵ʡ
ͳǵļУѹҪʹܵʮôô
ӮΣǾˡʮʵǷֳģȻȨǸ˼Ϊ˶ԸСʵۣһ°ˡСʵۣ˲֪ѹľԭΪΪ˹еıȨȻϡԪȼԭҪŸֱȥ㣬ֱûкõĸ֣˲ģĽȫ
Ϊ˽Ҳòô̰ɣ仹Ҫǵ·Ҷ´̡
ֻҪҲ룬ʹңܴ򣬳ͷ˭Ը⵱ͷԿôľٴ̤ϴܵء˭ĴܣҶǿͫйءԪȼ˵񶼱Ѫ·һвΪ˼ҹ󰮣ΪԼ˽ԹΪǶʮꡣ
ˣ̲סսԪȼ֣ʹϳ˴ܣʹʧأ裬ʹѾˣԾͫйعص̫ӵ¡
İʵԭ򡣡Ԫȼ
ʵôȿ԰ѾӾһ뼫Ȳ״ҲôܶܰԳǲΪԪȼδļƻ̵档
Ҫ㣬ܡ
ֻһûʺԸܰԳǵĴܣͿ޺֮ˡ
ԪȼԸҲѡ
ȻأǱգֻҪһȥˡ
ܰԳǵˡѹնĳޣԼԺ̸Ĳɳ͢ҲܰԼԳǲ
ԳΪʲôǾԪȼÿĴĦˣÿ佫ʲôص㣬֪־£ԳǾԲģΪûһĳ̶ȡ˵ոձɴԪ˧һҪӮһļ򣬶һϣ򣬵ǻҲڳֻ̬ܰ͡
ԪȼҪȰնԳ͢Ĳͣȥ顣
ˣ㣬ʹȥԪȼĵ˵
ͷԪȼӸոտʼһֱ٣ʱھУȻ֪еľƷչԪȼϣҲҲΪԽŻ϶ԪȼΪ֮ΪչķԪȼɱķ
ж֪ģԭбĳɾĲǿʣֻҪԣȥûסκξأκѣܾ
ңڵԪȼԭвһԭеǷ׵ĺ磬ԲҪΪУֻͼ̼ڵԪȼʹʧҲи飬ºˣоͺãԺ
ԪȼҪȥĵطľòɿȻΪ̨Ȩ鳳֡мԭͲģмһʼѵġ
佫Ϊûĳʲô¶Ȼ׺Ҳע˲ȵ
СʵҲףԼܹܿܲסˣҹҹµ˯žֻȲͷȻùʦٰæջȨʱСʵ۶Ԫȼޱȵˡ
ֻϧԪȼҪĲǰջȨǼìܡ
棬ϵϸĹԣԪȼ棬һһ
͸һ϶ĴܿԪȼˣȺ媵ķΧУ˽
ںϵǡôеعƻ·ǴΪʿˣֻɱϵȫ۵ףԺɫɴڸǡ
Ͼʵò׾Ϳˣ·ԼĻ˻ˣԼǰʵ˾ް־˶ɵԪȼǻʼУϵʡǿ
ŴͻȻԪȼĿͶݹʹɴԾһֳտץθСϽܿߡ
ÿ뿪ϹŵĲͬɫڹʲôи̥
ֱԪȼվ£ı뵳Χɢȥ
Ŀţ·𿴼δҾ֣ҲԪȼһΪı
Ҳİնԣ벻ҶǲûʲôҲƲǺ¡
ЦſԪȼ߹Ԫȼûվһ˲䱻ײԪȼĻС
Ԫȼɳƣʵո㿴ҡ

ûӦԪȼȻҪʯѹ
ʱͷðоԪȼǷ涼ˣͷ˰ɡ
ţ·ԤʾҪˡ
ȵȡۣҪϢ㲻١𡭡氡˵㡣顭
һžͺһ֣·ԪȼѹЧƵġ
ԪȼüһڣŰֱ
߰ɣȥ԰ˣеԶȥǵʱġ
·ʲôµĻڽѣ󳵽ǵģǸǸʱԵʱǸʲôΪʲôҪ󳵣ǿ


266 
ϡ棬нԿɳͣڹٵϣҲǻפΧۡǰոճֹʮ׳ۣǰĶаˣװﶼн˾һ·֣ǻǵһμһʹôƵġ
ȵǵʱ˶ˡ󳵱һҪߴ࣬ͷţһ޴ԲΣʮֻеԲͤοգɴɴΧţڸסľ󣬸оȴŮڻߣ֣ǳ˵ĺġ
˵ǵʱ
һһǺ죬ƴĻ䣬ʱûвСɴᣣ¶ķ羰ûʲôϾʹʧҲǱȽ֣飬Ĳ˵гһֱڶߵģȫ˽һɴӦû̫ȥӦðɡ
󳵵Ḷܸ́о˲ϵȷɴᣣԪȼͱ˹
Ͻסּߵʵ죬ҵôǵģʱڡ
Ԫȼֻȱһ¡
ûʲôôߵݣɴڵǲܿġҳǾܽһҲʲôǰڻζȻҲʲôɣôñ˿Ļ档
ȵȣҲҪ˼ţǲǽ룿˵꣬ѾӦˣոڳԯϵĲһʮԪȼڵӾԲɲε˿ȫΧڣԡ֮ǰҲһʮѹʮոնҿˡ
ǾȻһ·ˡΧۡš
ֱûˣȻһεľجΡ
ǷˣֻܰοԼҪ뿪ģֻҪڴܷȥһʮӰԪȼݣ޿ɱܣܱİĺá
Ƥȥ̫ǻġ
һ·ȥû˼Ԫȼȶ״̬ˣֱԪȼ˵£֮ǰ̫࣬һֱûдʱ˵лܰ
һһ˵
Ԫȼ̲ס˵лܰΪĻܲܺƽ㴦飬ܲܡ
˭˵ΪңԪȼɵķ⡣
һ㶣Ӧû˵ѵıҪֻʲô뷨Ͳ
ԪȼЦһûнʲôֻ˲м
ͻȻһʨӺһ
Ԫȼ԰ˡ
󳵣ǰľ޴ԲνͻȻ뵽Ԫȼ֮ǰ϶Ѿˣ̤֪Ԫȼ᲻ܴ̼
ЩĵĿԪȼԪȼȴ޷Ӧǣ֣ȥ
޴Ķ޳·ڽʲôҰ޵ϵĴǿǸ԰мȫͬҰޣ˻١
԰ֻΧ򵥵ͨͻȻվڹۿ̨ϡ
һһݴǣһȻǾΥʥŮ
ʥŮվݴǵǰƺڿధʲôݴ΢΢üûиκλش
˵ĿݴǺʥŮ쵽ˣ˹
ʥŮĿȴһŲϣϾǰԪȼİˣԪȼ̫ȻԶǻĻǲ⴫ģԪȼ˻ֻʹݣǰԪȼֵˡ
ǰߣʹǺöǰȥģͱڲϴƲ֪ȥˣҼҲڵԪȼں߽죬ǲǱԪȼսɱˣΨһΧ˳ɹˣʥŮҲûԪȼġ
ݴǸԪȼ񣬸к
Ӧ֮ĿҲʥŮʥŮͬϴ˺ܶࡣ
ʥŮΪڴˣԪȼֱʵ
ʥŮҪǷݴüȻʥŮжҪǲܴӦġ
ǵСʵۺò׶Ȩⲻϣ𣿷ƹ㣿ȥԪȼ
ʥŮ͡ǵģ֪أÿ˶Ļᣬһߣúý̻ԲմȨ
УԪȼֱ䵭ܾ
ʥŮɫһƬҰףĿɨݴǣֿ
ʥŮˣǷˣǷŻɽݴֱӵǲᱻ̻ġ
ͷʾͬ
ʥŮȴ̲סۣǡԸŹٱַʽĥһʹ졣
ʥŮ˵ִ̨꣬ʨ
ǰһȥȻµԪȼڶ԰Ϊ˱ĿʮͷʨΧһסжΧʱǸоԵĲʣһ뵽Ԫȼ飬Ǿû˿ͬġ
ۿɱʨǱʱԽŭŭԴ˵Ԫȼ
ʥŮԪȼΪֱӵҪʹʮء
ʥŮϵѪɫûˣ⻰Ŷ켫ˣǰҲǶҪɵūƵ˵ʥŮԪȼһ˲о־壬ˡһΣա
ǰ׽󣬾ֱӱݴǶ˶԰ͣĴأոʥŮ;ȥһʥŮעҪҲԲҪķʽ̫ˣϾŤ˾
ʥŮԸһнԪȼᡣ
ݴǣȥ
ʥŮ󣬾ͱݴǴȥˡ
һԵһڻǿȥŤͷֱܿ԰вȥǱڵϴϢ˲ϵðѪҲ⣬㾾һݷҧţոϷƵģѾˡ
ˡȻвٶȸп
һӦע⵽˿ΪݴǺʥŮ̧ͷһʱһԪȼˣٿԱվʱ̲סüվߵΧǽߣͷš
ץˣ⻰Ƕ˵ģ漴ֶԪȼңǲѾֺôԸˣ
𾪵ĿôĴǻܺЦģ
һ𣿡Ԫȼժɴһ˫Ѫ
ͫйأ﷢ʲô֧ԮһõĻᣬΪǰĳ㲻̫йһʱܰҲֻܹԹλˡЦŸԪȼӣ˵Щ϶뵽ҾͲˡ
ܲ˴ԼĹң㡭
Ŭѽⲻزס𣿡һεʼ硣
ͻȻԭйǵ˵Ǹ㲻ʲôһԵԪȼȴЦЦ
زסһʼңôУǹңһ
ЦЦƽֻһ鲻Ǿͽ޹עҪܵ飬Ҳ㣬㻹ǻͨŪȡشܣϾСӦôﲻЧСʵۻҪ˶Ȩ㣬ǻǻԾ֣һ㲻ΪҰﲻı䣬ϾʵֵΣľȫˣҪ㶷ʹ죬һǰˣǾû˼ˣȻ֪䣬ֻ⣬ҺαغƤȤȤʲôעҪʧܣһʧܵḶ̌˷ҵʱ䡣
ͷˣ޷˼ά߼ԪȼȴЦſڵҲǣȷǴ˵
һ㶮ҵı飬ңҲҪģ֮ǰԼ˽һӸûлμӣһҿ϶ҪռһҪλõģϾⳡϷΪҵĲűþʵģŹ
ܰ飿Ԫȼֱӵ
ô˵Ƕ֪ˣҰŵõһϷôʰɣգôĹ°
㣡˲䱻˻Ū˵ôȤ
ɹֲңҪ־͹㣬һжԪȼĴ޹
ȴһ£Ȼ˵ʲô˼ϾԭԪȼǲ鷳ģΪΪѣи˶κķþ÷֣ΪһУֺɡ׷ǹʣڱԪȼԣʲôɱġΪԭĵԪȼˣԲš
һԪȼֱԼĴҪеڻû˼
ۣɨ֮ľ룬žһΣ˻ܺͺһԪȼǿΪԾ̲סһ¡˵Ҳʵ飬ǲԼʧܹᵽϵġ
Ԫȼǽǣ֣̹ȻҴͷβûлɹҲҺ˸öʢܹСնݳԳǺ÷ĹϵӦõĸһЩΪһˮɣȴܿܵ飬Ԫȼ־ȥʧܣҪԭҺܶ࣬ȽδôӦԡ
ǺǣȷˣܰǺ˵ģŮӣκֲƣվеƣҪ빬ѣǲò͵꣬ҵİǮƺ֣˵ŬģǸʵӣֱʵۿӭļƻܿʼֻڻʳƵֻʱĻǱߣԼļƻʹҰæҲûѸʱðճɹĳٵɨеϰûлɵϣɹĻλãҲֻܹԼˡ
һҪųġ
֮ǰ֪񾡹صĵˡҿǴͷβû˵ѣҸͬĿһ£ǺѶԸĵˣʲô𣿡
֪
Ļû˵꣬Ц漴Ԫȼ֪֪ܰĽ㣬ΪҪҪıλһжΪأ˵ڻȥֱӸļ޸㣬λҲ˫ַϡ㿴ôǲǺ޹ǲǹҵûиܰ˵ݣ
Ц꣬ͷԪȼһֱĮĿһԵòᣬΪһŭѡ
ѽŶֻƭƭļһˡԪȼϿյǲܵˡ̾һ
ðͻȻһ仰ŪĲԣɵĿԪȼ
ԪȼЩڼ˶ǱʶΪԼΪһɣǲмԼ߰ԼնĵĶ
ԶԶԣҺԪȼֱԼĶ񡣡Ц˵
ʲô˼Ȼ
ԪȼЦһ˵һ£һһÿȱˮʱǶϹݣޱȣǾΰһΣ֣ˣǾͺһĽ
һ̵Ĺȴ׹ס
İĽңֻǰĽһõһδˡ֮вعŮ£ӦҰͫйһΣûˣƫִңֻǲţ֪һ֮Ҳֻ޷ӹֵѡ
ţһ޿κοŮӣԪȼȴѪ飬ֻΪԼŮӡ
ͻȻܰŮܵ鰮ǱȻһô˵ʺҲɡۣΪ֪ݸΧתĺɶǸʵ۵ˣҪͨԪȼı硣
ѵǲԵԼ̫ѪԲҰʾԼһˣǾ֮ǰһֱαװһ
Щ޷ܣǺܶɻҲԳǺ̫л岻ڣԸϻʵ۵ĺӣһĽԪȼŮӿ𣿻˵һɲܸĳ
ǡ֪ԪȼأĵʵҲʧܹı㱻ɱԪȼʲôʸ׷棿ԪȼԪȼǻ뷽跨ɱҡ
ԶԶԣûҵĽ֣һĽֻǼ˽̶ѡЦŲ
ȴľᣬĻ
ô֪ʱһ̻ɹΪ˭սû뵽ǲȥɣʹ޷ҾԪȼĿһ£һǶΪͬһˣѵܺ𣿾ǻˣܸ˼ȴ̽һ¶ûУͽ޷в޷ƿصһ𡣡Ԫȼ˵˵ΪңҲšӭһȥҲ
оڳĸоʮָӣ;㤽֯š
Ϊӵľģµľǲɡ
ܰôֻԼ벻ͨˡ
ЦŸ̾ʮĿźԪȼԪȼ͸öһбֻɣʲôĳԣȨǰһжģԱ񰡣ĴǾˡ
ݺݵĿܸоԼڵҲҪԪȼµƵġ
üȻˣеʹſ϶Ǳˣû˴ϢشܣұܵϢҲڸǲ˶ãܰǱӦûܿӦģ׼𣿡
ʹһֻҪߣʵǲ֪Ԫȼûڽ֮ǰЩˣʹˡ
й𣿷㿴ˡû
νԼڣĶˡˣͿɣδΣҲ治ˡ
һҰȴԼӮ˵ʮֲþɱҲû塣ķӣһֻΪӣʲôأ
׼˵㣬ԴΪܰλģ˵ܿ͵ΪʱĻرһĿԪȼЦ
ȴ΢΢һ㶣ЦЩڣƺںʲô
Ԫȼתͷʵ𣿡
ͷˡ
ǵתʱͻȻʵǺͺˣոԪȼԼʱ򻹺ޱȣתСѯʱȴеʹ۾ȥĳһ̬
Ƿֿ𣿲ǸǣѾˣôűˣԲܡ
Ԫȼûֱǰߡ
̲סԪȼĺ۾Ưǧȥ㻹ǻʧܵģܵһпѶûˡ


267 
ߵ棬ݴǣѾʥŮӰˡ
ʥŮʵ
ѾˣƲ׷ݴȻûʲô仯ȴһ˿Ϊѣľˡ
ԪȼüͷͷſڣҪ˵־ɱˣǿһԵȴ˵ڣ漴ѯϢ
̫ˣȻ˹߶㣬ͱ֮ǰԪȼ˵ɽСδͬСݴҲܷĵΪԪȼ¡
󳵺ͷԪȼ״̬Щ꣬ʱס̫Ѩ
ͷ𣿡ĵ
Ԫȼһ̧ͷͰһǺɫвʮΣա
ԪȼеĵӰע⵽Լ״̬ԣóҩȶԪȼҩʦΪƵģȻֻѹá
Ԫȼҩӣﲻܡ̲סҪ
ԪȼȴƲͷ𿴣ڱ𿴡
ǿԪȼֱӰԪȼ˹
Ԫȼ˳ƽͷĻС
˺һԪȼ۾˹Ѿ˫ĺˣͬʯĹ⡣
ְһڣԪȼȻÿ֪岻ãûϵҩʦβˣΡоһ¡
Ԫȼ˲Щҩ۾˼ʲôͻȻһ˲Ԫȼ̲סıסʧ
֪ڸʲôͨΡ
Цˣһҩ;ָ״ֻ̬Ҫʱҩ
³ҩһֱûϸоոոϵͳо죬ͼֿӣƿƣҵԪȼвκõİ취Ǿָĳʱ״̬塣һݣʲô財ʲôˣʲô֢û⡣
Ԫȼ⻰ûпģüˬ𡭡Ǹ˵

Ԫȼ̲סǲҵ˻ʵۣͻʧ
Ӧǡ
Ԫȼ΢۾һġ
Цŵã㡣
ŴţԪȼˣϢԪȼ˯˯óסԴѾ൱ˡ
صʹСʵ۾ȻڵԪȼ
ȻıܿеȴڣСʵֻȻǱǿȵģԵԪȼ˵ñܿʱСʵҲĴڣֱӵʦոʥŮ޺ĸϣǸһλᣬΪߣ⡭
ߣʥԺ֮ˣᱻϳ书һÿв˺µķʽϴϵ
ǰҲйСʵȻǲӦģЩ˵Ϊʦճоͻᴦôûж֣
һ㶣뿪ʱֻ˵ȥλû˵ȥСʵۡȻʡ͵ĵƣȻһֱڼԪȼ
Ԫȼ΢΢ǣ԰꣬ʱδ
Сʵ۲ͷǲҪʵô鷳Ȼʵϣɱ֮ŪһЩͺá
֣ȻǵĽǶȿȷһĻ쵰һ˵Ӧòǰɣά˱ǿʢָһϰǿģӦûǿ߲Ŷ԰
Ԫȼʳʣ˶
Сʵ۵ʦˣȻ֪ӹװ֮£ѪͲôѾʴˡ
̲סǻ𣿡
Сʵ˲֮ɫĵ߻ûײԪȼ顣
ֻһүү˽ӣһǡһʥŮ˽֣ͨĴھʹŲ飬ԼʹɱˣҲСʵ̲ס
⻰һ£ԪȼȻԪȼҲ΢΢죬ȻҲǲġ
СʵۺԸᣬֱӵ֮ʦְɡ
ӻּ⡣
ˣλǱߡ
ǱͲϣӦûܿѰˣµʱһһջرȨС
СʵˣСʵߺʵôżΪʲôԼ֣ɱһڶ԰˺𣿡
Ȼѣʹ֣ڶ԰Ҳ˼졣
Ԫȼ˵ǻ׽֮󣬾Ѿιҩܽ⿪֣ѾûˣͳŲ԰ʮأȻɸɱҲ׾ٵ顣
ԪȼЦһҪǸȸˡ
СʵۻصԼ̫ڵʼѯʣĸҪ̫
̫ŹʦӦ͵ˣʶҪ׼Բ
СʵĸģҸүү͸ʶͬҾԲΪʱɱΪɣùʦʧ
̫ЦЦ
䣬ԪȼѾոСʵ˵顣
ûʲôõϢԪȼΪź˽°ԿûȤ
ȴΪ𾪵ѹԤ֪֮ôԭһʥŮĺϻʵ۵Ķӡϻʵۺʲôö޵̰ɫǴһʼеġ˵ϻʵ߰ʱϻصĻӣһꡭʥŮϴʲô˼
Ԫȼĵɱ˰ɣʥŮ뱣֮ӶˣȻ
ǲϻʵۡ
Ԫȼʼ磬벻⡣
˵أͻȻһ㱨ʥŮá
ԪȼֱӾܾ
ʥŮӣ̲סǼһ°ɣҲҪ뿪Ƿ֮ءϾڴʱǡ
Ԫȼ΢΢ü漴ƺ뵽ʲôЦЦð
˵Ԫȼһ£ԪȼüһʥŮ
ʥŮӰӣʼЩӦϾļУǸıһġ
ʥŮҲЩԣֻʦˣѾʵ۱ˣ˵һƾ㣬ϣΪߡ
һСʵ۹ȻҪԪȼߣԼ֮
ʥŮ˵ֱ꣬ӳԪȼߵݴ֮ҲԾɹţĿԪȼ
ʥŮҪˣȴڶʱ򣬱˻ȥֱײԪȼĻС
ԪȼüõʥŮعˣС
ʥŮϽʦˣҪʲôʲôҪ󣬶ֻһᡣ
˰ڳҼ̬ధǸ˶Ҫˡ
ԪȼһĿ
ʥŮѾ޷죬ֻܰͶ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôʦΪĹϵܿĳ˵ķΧǷǳгģһҹʦľʥŮֱ
ֹӣ˵˵ʥŮͶ·ֱȿǻ
ʥŮˣǶûģȻ֪Ԫȼôȥ档
ʥŮ֪ǺˣʵҪ뿪Ƿ֮أԺٰȣΣգʱԶУ飬ܵΪԼΪۣҲ˵г𣬾Ҳ˺ܶӵӰ죬ŤˣȲ˵ġ
⻰˵ԭУԪȼʥŮ󲻶ΪԼϽ˵޶
ǵģʵǺõģֻҪֻҪʥŮƺҪʲôվǴĬĬ
ˣһƷ磬ʥŮͱվŵʮסʮֻİ˷ʯ¡
ʥŮѹӣ̾һ̲סʵոʵ۸ᵽôΪһʥŮǡ
ʵʥŮǲϲϾԭʥŮҲûϲԪȼԭΪһƣն󣬵ǿóвһִš
ʣʥŮͣס˿ڵһʥŮҵʦǿʦµĺӡ
Σû뵽ǿȣȻ֪ϻʵ۲Ƕôɶƣ
ʥŮǱҪʥϻʵô󵨣ŭ
ô£λʱĸѹͳ£ȻΪΪĺأ˲֪˵ϻʵۣʹʥŮҲ̲סԹ֮Ǹʦɫ⣬ǿ͵͵󹬣ʥԺ˷ѾǧžȳҲð֪ʥŮ飬ֻ֮ʦͻˣʦķ޹ֻܼװչأ˰̲סͬǸŮˡʹ߹ʥŮȻǿȡ
Ϊʲô˵߰ʱűϻȥģ
Ϊʵ۲֪Ĵڣʦ밢ĸף֮ϾͳʥԺĺӣΪСͺܴ֪˵ԳǸʦദӲĸףҵӡʵһӱֺܰճĸ׵ĺӣʦȥʲô£һ𣬶˶ܺãаնϲΪСͯ˶˵ŮӣȫԵʥŮ̳ˣϾԡ
ɵˣһԵԪȼȴ
걻ѡΪʥŮ̳˵ģȻ󱻴ʥԺҺܺ£һֱޣҲְοңһֻС棬Ҳûô¡Ǿһ꣬ϵܺãʦһãĺҸǡֽסһʵ۷˰ĴڡʥŮ˵·˷ǳµ飬
ϻʵ۵һӦǸˣǻɣʶУʥŮˣԸӣ⺢ӻݣҴŵô࣬п϶è壬־Լ̫ˣδԼĺӡҲԼǲȢʥŮմȾŮˣǻһǾǶʵ۵衣
ϻʵץɵĺʣǽ̵书ʦȻǱĥûд𰸡
ϻʵֱʥŮʣʥŮɾ˵òϻʵ۵ĴģȻʥԺҪǿʥŮʱͱ˰Ժ棬ûʲôֻ֪֪Ҫɱϻʵۣŭϻʵۡ
ϻʵ۾˰԰ԼĺӣȻҰޣܻųӡ
԰Ѿ𾪲ˡ
ԣʵʶлʵ԰ڵĶ԰ǻ֮ϸıģǶǶū룬Ұ޲ɱȡ֡ףǻ书ҪȻȥĵһվ޿֮ˣҲôġ⼸չ⾰УһжˡʥԺ̫վ˳ȥǶ֪ʦʧȥʥ࣬һӡ֮ǰļ꣬ÿ궼˻ǴҾ͡ʥŮ˵ˡ
صᵽʦͷϣ˻ÿ귢İ
ʥŮɬЦҲôΪƳʥ࣬˽²ӱ㶼ʦ˵˶ˣʹǿҲһĽԾҪϴꡣ
ϴӣȵ
ʥŮҧ̣ʦڼϣִл̣Ƴһܣֱա
ȥϽأ
֪ô˵ˣ뾡취ӳ԰
ʱ˵ò˳ʩһУҹһǱĸ׵ĵطη޷򿪣һ涼Уֻʧȥ취ֱһŻкܶԸĸߣԼʹҲܳɹһȥ
ŰΧ֮ˣɫˣЩڿ˵λţ˾Ȼ
ֱ˻ȥһûб԰¸ص̫󣬵׶ݴɣһǻô죿顣ʱ䲻ˣ̫ٴηһ˳ȥ
ϣԶԶľͿѾĳҪС
ŰµʥŮڻ̼ϣǱʹһ·˶ʯͷĶͷգʹ壬ҵѪܵģҲ¶ϣ·쵻ʲôܿҪյʥŮˡ
ĳ˻̼ܣȴһ·ֵİƿڴǣʹѪһӣ·ô˺µСͯƵġ
δӴô޵ͱҪȥĸס
Сܿˣ˻̼ܣѾֵʥŮȫõ顣
żĺߣߡߣԶҪ
ִҪȥ⿪ⲻӡ
ȻֹϾǡʥʽôܱϡ
ֻıʥŮɿ޺ţĸףҴߣһߣУҾ͸ĸһ
ǾҲǵѪһҲǲС
̫ǱѾõѪĴ𰸣
ʥŮֻ߲ϵظһ仰ҵĺӣӦҺúûȥҪޣҪúõĻĸΨһ󡣡
ӲߣڱߵĹУĿĸױɣڻŤΧȴ˻ϲأػһĻ޺ٴҲǲסЩ
Ͻ˻ʹĸʬǶûֻ֪չ涨ϴӺʬǲܰᣬΪ䣬ҪϣΪսµ·Զ
ʩϻʵۣȴ׷
ϲҲϲз棬ߵա
е飬þòܻ񣬱Уȴѣٺ¶һҹ֮䱻һʹ
ơ
̲סԪȼԪȼԴ˵ûжٱʾѾʥŮ͸¶ų
֣ЩУҲʲôãΪѹֻΪʱĺãƴҪ𣿡
ʥŮһ˱ۡ
ȥ԰ĵһ죬ȥһҳû֣ҪʥŮеĿˣ˶촽³ǹؼʱˣͲһ̣ҾܰһߡҺ¡Һ飬ҷֲԴһ̣һˣɿ֣Լˡ
ʥŮԶ޷ǣʱ׹㵾񣬿Ŵڣ׼ɵҰޣԶ޷جΡ
ʱʦûб黹ûгױ̲ס룬һһĸ֮䲻ụΪʣܴʦߣʦͲҲߵһ
ʥŮʼվԼϱʵôܾȵõˣдգֻǻѴԼϡ
ֻܰοⲻĴ
ôǣϣʧɶģ粻֡ԪȼȴͻȻڵ
һʹΪ֪Ԫȼ˵ҲʥŮ
ʥŮնҲʲôΪҲʵˡ
ҲûлˡԪȼ
ʥŮһ䣬૵ĲǻˣҲˣ
ǸǺιأϲֻбҵҪǸĻˡԪȼ˵뿪
ʥŮȻӦʦҪڽɱ
ʥŮ˲ˣתҪ뿪
ص̲סʵΪСʵˣ֣ԭӦòô춯ֵİɡ
Ԫȼǰʱ䣬Ƕɱ
ɻʲô
Ԫȼ̧ͷժɴ¶Ѫɫ̫ˣһֱʵİ취֪Ҫʲô𣿡
㶣һӣһжΪ˺棬ҪʲôΨ²ң
ԪȼЦԭҲôΪģ˵õıʽҪʲôҾƫƫʲôոʥŮ˵Ĺ£ѾȫҪʲôˡ
ĿԪȼ
Ԫȼɢ˷ܵĹâĿʼնڱ˵УҪ
Ȼ˼¡
ԭУҵҲǻʳǱ屻𣬰عڴܣͬԪȼĺսģҼһ룬еӽɱǷϢѪĻᣬ׵
ʹԼԪȼĶ֣Ҳᵽ׸ĳ̶ȣԭнڽڰˣ󿪳ţǣ˿û
ѵһжı
ǰûȨҲδҪδ֪̫࣬ѡô̵ķʽȡȨָʱǵĴܽѪ³޵ӡڷ֮ʱ쵽Ҿ㱨ҲȥǿĿĻǺѴﵽѡܰ㣬Ҫɱȥ̬ڲݻеһ·ʧˣ֪ҵԴݻ㣬ˣҲûʲôϧģٻһ·ɡܰҲˡԪȼ
ȴԭģǲΪʱԪȼȫı׼ûгָԪȼĽչ
ЦһʥŮ˵δдѣ˵ָĸӣ޹ءԪȼ
ΪʲôҪ˶֣Լ
ͻȻ뵽ΪΥĸ׵ԸȴѾ޵ŤԼֻ֣ñ
СʥŮܶǸٹ̵ġ
һȦԼĸױ
ҲҲǾ̸Ȥһ㣬ֱԼԼĸһ㡣ϾѾ׸ãûû˼ֻԼӣﵽĿľС
ΪһεԪȼһΪѪԪȼǷԪȼ飬ѪĵйԷĸԪȼһС
Ԫȼôĵȥء
ӶԷ˽⣬Ԫȼ֪ô
̫˷ʱ䣬Ŵܣϵͳƿء
ֻѡݵһ·㣬ԼԼԪȼĳҲˣԸûʵ֣ϾҪѪȾ㣬ԶԶﲻı׼ĻУ˶ڡ
ҪѼӷɵʱѾûûĽչҲֻҲǰŪԪȼھ͸Ԫȼˡ
ԵݴżԪȼ˵ڻ֮УʬȱȫһжɵʱԪȼֻЦЦݴǲùܣ͵ˣ׼뿪ˡԪȼ֪һʱ׼š
գСʵ۾ʹΧ
ڿҪ
СʵҲͦ͵ģѵ֪Ԫȼ书жǿ
ֱܴߣһǳɡ
Сʵ۸ո˵ļôҳϣСʵ۱ܺ±Ȼֱӿʼ֮ȨԾȻػʵֱۣڶû˼Сʵۡ
Сʵ۱ڣһ·ǵ˱߾űˡ
Сʵ۲ǾȻɱߣߣ̻ȥһԤԣ˵ǿ԰סλ
СʵΪʦǵõˣҪм㣬ڲѡ
ѣն΢ڣλҲ룬Ԥ˵𣿲Сʵ۵Ϊ˶ԼλãܺõĴˡ
ͬʱͬصԤҲ¹û֪⵽˵ʲôֻ֪ܹ㣬¿д䣬ܳϲҲ콵ʯʯ仰
ЩܳԶ׷ظպϲͱѹﲻˬ췴֮Ĵ¾ֱӳ죬ü˵Լ飬ҪƷ̫
һԤԴ˷Ϯÿ˵ģȻͬʱԩگĻ͸
һ˼άڴܳİܴҶ룬ôңǲҪˣ治ǵ̫ӻڣһп϶һˡ


268 
ԪȼԽͫйصʱˡ
ԪȼнвֱѹͫйأЩвȻֱַǣ˽µмЩʹŹʦĻеĲ¼Ҳ𽥱þ޴˭Ϊ߱ˣ˭ҪսеıռȻаȫС
ǰݶֶѹţǻҷˣԪȼ׵ľǵҰģʲôɫҪʷ̨Ϸһ
ԪȼðСʵ۵Ӹ֮˺߲ĻᣬȷŻСʵ۵ʱڲṹͲȵѾѳ飬ҵĻ壬ѾǴŸԵı̣ΪˡеϢչеĻײȡ̲
ʹСʵۻȥҲн϶ŪļٻʵۣͬҶ֪ĻᵱܣڼԼܴ
ҲʼѡֵøӣͼڷѵĶռƣͶ
Ⱥ۸ݵľѾγɣѾʵˡ˵˶ʱ䴴ʱͲһ˺͡˺ֻ͡Ԫȼ
İնԣһ㣬֮ǰǿƵڹò˺̸ôתۼͱˡ
ǴŲ뵽ΪǵСʵҪԸǿӭһصĹʦŵҾ֡
ҲԼǰµĻˣһ˺Ȼֻڼ˲䡣
ʮڣЩѵĽǾͻ֣ᷢǱƾУ޷ɱˣһǿ˸ۣ֮󣬸СңǿʢĴôǣҲ˿ۡ
ⶼǺ󻰣ڣҾȻҵע⣬ڹ״̬Ͼʱǻȷ᲻ָջֻȿҡ
ǴܵȴôʱǽĺûᣬûˣܾǵһĳԹϰǶҪһѩǰܣŲʲôأֻоһǻѪֱšټǰñ߾ϢͫйصǲȻͼԽ߾ռҾĳǳأͼҾֱӷɱ߾ִŰջصļ԰סͫйء
Ӯ漫ľôҶΪӦüȥֻڱ߾ǻǽֻԪ˧ͳָ͢ʾ治Ҳֻڴܵı߾ԽĲ֣ȻԽ
˴ҶԳ͢Ĳ
˸д³ʵǳ̫Ǿ̫û㣬һҪס׼Ӧңʱ򻹸ʲôڲìܣŽһ±Ŷ԰
ǽìͷָ̫ȴ췴Ӷ
ԽԽףȻ˰һֱŮȨĲƫ췴ҹ֮ʡ
Ͻĸ˵˵δĻӸûм̳Ȩʵ۸Ц̫ǡǻغ󹬺úΪԪչ˻ΪãĪҪڤ粻飬ǼˣǡǾͬܵҵǱȻҪ⸴ܣҵġ
˶ܰһ֣ϵ۱ȫɨڵء
д󳼲òͷ
ܰĿɨˣһ
ʢֻܹܼתߣϽ˵̫ڸɱΪܹȥĳ豨𣬶ԼˡܾΪŮȨŻų
һû޳֮ͽҪɱ㣬óûѴ֮뾩ǣֱܰЦˣλҲΪҸôȰںð˵𣿡
΢ҡ
Ͻ֮ԣҪ˶ûλܱסܵ£λ󳼶ɵӣΪ˴ܲ󳾣ҲʱӦվ˭ߡһսϽΪ췴ѾϱߵıҴܵĳǣ亮ģȵȹԸԪȼ̫кβ𣬵ʱƲˣҧһָΣȵѾˣǿɲһٴ°յ
һᵽԪȼ̫ӵĹȥ뵽ԩگд˵ɫȻ˱䡣
ܰƷͼȶ˵ģ˳֮Գǡ
ԳǺֱӿʵ̫ʲô˼˵Ԫȼ̫ӵ飬֪Ǹȵۡ
ԩگûϸ˵ʲôҲ²𣿡ܰȶĵʱԪ˧ͱ鷳ˡ
Գ̣͵̫ҳкηԸ
ԳǣȥϽҪˣֱܰʵ
ǵ򼴿ɡԳǻص
ܰ˳˵У̣Ͻͷҡ
ԳǶ˶٣ڵҳսԣҪĸ
ܰɫڱˣЦͷĸӽģսΣգһǳæµˣ㲻ǵòʧھǣտǰҵıԪ˧һĸġ
Գ˫𣬡̫ǲң
ҵԪ˧ǲ㣬ôôȨ㡣Ȼ벻ĸӣ·еıȨϱߵؽѡģΣ
֮ǰܰԳȥͫйش̣ʱܰͷָԳǵĺûļ򵥣ǵһ£ǷǳҪѣԳҲȷûΪҰģֻԼסĶǲĹԲǺõĿŹһҪƵķҧ֮ǰε
Գµ飬ɫüѿͼıȨ÷˵ĶԣʹԼûзģܰվݲġ
뿪÷ĸߣҲֻʱЭͷһֱȨҺܰû̫ѡ˷ԳԼѡ
˴һ£Գѡˣ΢ĽֻһѸǣһ˵Ͻд̣Уֻѡһϱ߻еؽȥ
ȵԽ뿪ܰЩŲסѾ˸´ˣľʵޡ
л˳ܰӵҪҪҽ
ܰݳֻǶ˲豭ɻûкڣص˳ȥϵֱӾ˳һȺÿ˶ҪңĿǳΨͼΪǴڣŲܺõģֻҪúõҵĻһõĴܣȴһĲã
лҪοȴ֪ʳڣϾڵľĶܰʵõıǻǱߣȥϽһӮƫƫΪŵͼɧű߾ʱ˻䣬ߣϾҶͫйضѪȵļ䡣ˣ˰ĵĽ죬ֻΪ˻֮ڲĶñͲĵܰ޷㡣
Ի䲻ܶ
ֻܸ̾һһж̫ɺˣƫƫңֳҪţƫƫͬʱִʲôԤԣϽ췴ɣܰû䣬ֻԳǣԳƫƫ벻÷ĸӣΪ֮ǰһβΪܰģֻȨΣյİ취ñԸϽ
Ȼǿάƽ⣬ȴѾıʽ
ԳǱȻˬԾǱв״̬ǸȥϽؽܴӮ
һжδ֪
л岻֪ΪΣһĸо·ʵɺϣһ˫ںٿһС
ѣն΢ڣλ˵ʲô
ûһٴιһͿѯʵ̫Ϣ𣿡
ܰõ̧ͷҵȫûϢҲˣǱˣ֮Ѿ޹أе顣
ǡʮֵģϾϢҪʳǰʧģͬе˶ûϢǡޱ䣬ܰҲ˵һǱ˾ߵģ
ʱκҴҵĸǴ˽Ϣ
̫㿴ǻǱߵߴϢǹڱ߾ġκɫ࣬·ܵ˼Ĵ̼Ƶġ
ǰչ˲佫˼ž֮С
̶̼仰ȴ˲ŵĿһһ飬֮˷
ôܡл岻ŵĺһԪȼ̫ӵ£
Ż㱨ĲǻҾݶһ߾Ĵţһ˷˵Ϯ·˾һӣǸһλǾ߾˿ʧ¼ˣһ۾ϳ˾ǵ˵һȻԪȼ̫ӳüһ
ϢţԪȼ̫Ǵߵʵܾ̫ӵµֱʣΪ˸ܵİձ
һɵ㣬ѳ׼ܱ߾ǳصʱҹѣðǼʱܣҾʱӦԣʱǶΪǻҾԼĳ򣬿ǻҾȴûгһ㡣ԴҲǲ̫ӵµѡڹ˻Ҿץסʱȥռճǵˡ
ּһٱ߾Ѿʼдţ̫ӵʵûݺ֮ݷ֮꣬󣬲Żعġ
Ǿ䴫ԤһָԪȼ̫ӡ
ѵ̫ӵû𾪵Ŀܰǵûǽ㡭
ܰ·ͻȻһ㣬ףʥּһˣԼıһؾǡ
κһ£⡭Ҫʲô
ֱܰӵǻΥвܵʱȥ
ܰż㣬֮ǰĿǲû뿪ͫй˵ʧȥġ
㶮ʲôܰոҪ˵ʲôͻȻһ£ƣҪ̫ӵµ췴ϽΣգѾصˣûסǡ
ܸоʮǣǿǱ߾ĲԳǵ㲻ǡԳ𣿡
ܰɫѿٱ߾һסһ̫ܽӵ¹ƻĵķ
԰㣬һأ̲ס
ܰĺôģ̫ӵˣôǾŵµ飬˭£һЩ֮أ
˵ʲôֱܰӵȥȫ·Խڸҳ֣ҾֻնɱԽҵˡ
Ҫʲô󾪣Ѿȫ֪ܰҪʲôˡ
֪ܰԽͲһˣпڵĵطǾǣ֮ǰûȥܣڲòˣ˷ʱ䣬ôɣһҾԲĴ
ֲܰ飬оԼĽͻȻһлʾ£òȥ
ֻʣܰл壬ֱܰӰ׼лȴɫӵĿ
ʧ٣ԪȼϢ֣ǰһֱóЩ֣ԽͻԸҲ֣ԭΪǳˣԸȨˣҪĻӣƿһܻʵۣȴоʮΥͣǶΪһǲǾͳˣ
ܰĿҲҪ˵û𣿱ԺûˣҪô𣿡
ǲɣΪʲôҪżѻԽУ֮ǰǵĶˣΪ֪˶ԪȼĳݣҲǶĲһԪȼ֣ǻԥתԪȼ㣬еĴԪȼ϶Ӯ˵ġֻԳǵڱ߾ΪԳǸԪȼгԪȼڱ߾Գǵ˱ȻŹԪȼ㡭ɱ˵𣿡
˵⻰ʲô˼ΪһԸ̫ӵҵġֻ֪ܰѾȥˣκⷽϢõ£ƭѡ
һأл
лһ˵һ߹۲ֲܰ϶ӣָȲᣬںݺݵץƵġ
лɫ˱䣬ǲˣں֮ǰȥȷֻΪѾ빬޷ͷˣ
ܰɫ䣬лڸսҲԣҲǵˣҪҸܵеʱԸңˣеĶֻнҩ
лһЦܰһֱΪԪȼİҰģҿˡƿض֮µҳΪֻпԪȼˣұȻлأԴ
ܰҧ˵һ飬˭ģҾɱ˭ȥ
лĿܰһۣˣ뷨
лһȥֱܰ鷿
ҵķУ̱ܰһԣ¿϶ˣһжıֻΪֹҸıܶѡ
պԽʹҲɹ̻ؾĻҾɢھǳפأ䵥빬ȫ̲δᵽԪȼ飬·ŻδĶУ߾°ӦǵоҲǴ´ࡣ
һߣԪ˧Ժҹҹ÷Ъ˹ԳǣĻڱڴ͵ľѾһˡ
⻹Ҫɱ㣬ٲ֣ǶҪ㲻ҪõֻҪǵĶӵʵۣҾĸԸŮˣʵ׶ӣ̫˻ʲô𣿡÷ƴĹƻ󣬵ԳѾûӵˡ
ԳǺ÷ĸԶ޷͵ìܣϾةɱģԳֻ֪Ҫһ÷Ҫ÷һ취֮ܰ治һҪɱ֡
ˣѾˡ
÷ߵĿԳǣʼվ;һūţûϢûõˣһ̣ȻﺦŮ˶ԸԼĶӡ
˵ʲôԳǲͷ
⼸Ѿһ飬֪Ϊʲôߵһ𣿶ܰǸˣڻѾʼʱ򣬿Żȥײһĳֻһʲôʱȥӻʶǹġ
Գһ㶣ʱΪѾϻˣǻϲûж֣ڿС԰ΪŻһ֮󣬻Ͼͳ̲סˡ
룬ǲȺǣȻװ㣬㻹÷ŭ
ԳҲɵôѵ֮飬ӵֻ࣬𣿡
÷˵һҭԳ˵ⱲӶڹأԼĶӽб˸ף
Գ˵뿪ˣ÷ڲϵĴҪ˵Ԫ˧ҲǿЦµıȨɢɢɢ˳ȥֱߣҪҪɱǣֿܵ𣿡
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鳹ԳǶܰвģͼ͵͵ڱ߾£Ͼ»ƹһıȴ֡ϵˡǳ߲͢ûʲôϢҲ˵߾һվɣֻԼϵ˶ѡ
ԳΪܰѾֲԼţԼѾ֮Ըûȥܰ飬ǿʼռԼĲԷͻ䡣
ܰҲ֪ԳǶƲ˱߾ˣҲΪһվɣϾ߲ûз쳣
ͬʱ̫ԪȼĴŸǻԭƵңϾڰն֪˭Ҫһе漣ʱԪȼϢˡ
ϱսؽŴֿϽΪڵĳǳ׹أҪ˵ѹĳǳزʤ㣬ʵ൱ˣؽǱӣҪʤǾʱǱâȻҲǽɢյģɢλ°ͱ²ˡ
ؽ˶սǣԽһ󽭣ѡһƵĳǳפء
Ϊǵİ˿̫࣬޷һ˵һǣȻԶԶں棬Ǳ档ֱ˵ڣͱϽĶס·
ϽĶһ붼ģʹ׼ɱգ֮Ǹصʧ
ڱڳڵİնԣ·˶ǰجһ㣬ʹĵسǹǿֿҲֵܵ
ڳڰվ֮ʣɽկʮկεկͦɽկ˳ɽɱһȱڣðǣʱ䵱˳ǳصĻ
ǧ˾Ȼڴҽָܵ£ס˳ǳأֱӴؽԼ͢ǳΪܵЦ͢ѵؽΪ
ؽòУȻֱӶȥ֪ͨǣ׼سǣһߣҪν
ǣǱѾǴկˡǻĶȫǰһͬȹѹأûʿʱװ
װ췴룬͵áؽɫͨ졣
ΪѵǱɽҡҡŴҽʵҲǵԪȼ̫¼ǣˣʱվسǾ˵յ̫ӵµģǻ˵ͦ⼸գ̫ӵ¾ͻŴɱȴҡ
ؽˣ󺰵˵˵ǷƻĵĹҿҽܾҪѧ㣬ҾΪһҪϱ͢
ߵİΪ漣ϣʳ࣬Ҳǿ֧ţһȻʱȫǰǵĶһǳһǳصķҲԼһģЩն̲סǰߣŪĻ̡̻
ܰ͢Ҳ֪ˣû뵽Գǧѡ˾ȻôûŪԹڣǲӮֻԳǺͻ䡣
ܰԥһ£ǴûȥǲǴŻҾĽȥֱӵ˸Σؽλá
Ǿܰ׼ڴϳʱ£ؽĽˡ
ǰ˵˴ҽܵԼţʾ췴Ҫ͢Լ֡
ܰԪȼĴţ˶ˣҲ
ģ̫ӵû
ҽ˵ģȷǰ׷µġ
ѵ֮ǰڵĴģ
ǸԤԡλܳƵĻ˭
ͻȻһ촫ܰȻ
ʲôӣҪ췴Ԫȼ̫ӵƣǾô׵ƭϵҲ룬ĻţΪʲôôòܰѹסҵ򶨵˵
ܰô˵ҲҶ˵ʲôϾȷûס
ͻȻǰһ̫ǵİյǾȻǲȣ
ֱҪȻǴҽܴͷǣʵǵİô죿⿿Լܿ͵϶Ӯˣͬһ̫ӵ´Ŵɱ
ܰ˵̫ӵĴǼٵģǾ֤˲дԮǣǳ͢Ȼǲȡ
ܰĿڻ϶һ˲˲ȥ뷨
Ԫ˧Уؽְ𣬴ҴȥϽԼʮկҳɱ⡣
Գ΢΢üҪڣ֪ܰԪ˧һֱǰս£Ҳռ˺ܶϢһԴⳡ̡
Գɫһڣ֪ܰϵĶˣ
ʱһٶȻȥˡֱܰһкݵģԳǷӦĻᣬҵԪ˧ʤ
Ļǵˣһ亹Գ׼ܰƶסܰ䲻⣬ԳΪ֮ǰʧȥϵܰͼɵһҲֻܹԹԾͷȴӮ˵ȵʱ򣬾Ͳôˡ
ԳֻüüҽԪ˧ͱ뿪
Գ뿪á
߾ߴϢͻȻʧȥƣһϱֻ߽ڱ߾
ߴˣݴźԪȼ
ǲ̫ӵ¡˽жʱܰž߾Ľ죬ֻϢѾһ²κϢЦעȻȫϽǱߵϢתˡ
ͬʱܰӰ
ӣ֮ǰİǣ塣
ܰõһʱɫһ䣬
ãһŶӳڹڡ
ܰڿڵû뵽ҲǱʱ򡣡
ˣȻ³̫ҲǱǲҲˣ
һû䣡
㻹𣿴ʮѹңٵԤԴϽ췴һж·һߣҰй۲죬߾פصĽȻԳǵ£Ѿ߷ƣдľ߷ģʣѾȫݴƿˡڱ߾ݴ˵㡣
ݴǣݽѾսݽܰ󾪵
ûڱ߾ֹҲĺ󱸾ؼʱ򲻻֣ѾˡлȫƵж٣
ܰ۾ԽԽ󣬺ҲԽԽ٣ǶǷһҵģҲ¡ҲǴܳȨߣЩС󡣡
ûܳİж֧ʵ۵ģΪλڲ֪мʧȥġ
ܰһ㶣ǡɺϣǾƲɵģүæ˸Ů˹ȥѡ
Цһ
ѹ㲻ܴѵǻ䲻ԸɵңΪ˷ֹսұҲΪͻȻðԤԸϽʱ췴Ļᵼ޷ڳȥؾǶӣΪʲôǻѡֶǰգսؽǲΪֻѡһڶн޷ʮկմΪͻȻðΪʮկ˷ͷڱǳصӢ۵ɷľٶĻǿҵĲп϶Թ㲻ǾˣҪɱĻǵˣƾʲôµİô㣿
ĵܰͷ󺹣·һֻεĴҪѹϢˡ
̫ÿ˶ȥӮƯã˶ѣûˡµһнһ˲ٿأѾ̤˵壬һе壬ܾˡ
ܰȻϣɫɷףŵĵɴ˫ۣˣֲԾץ˶ӡ
ҲģҵѪҺܲģˣһ㣬ҪҰ𣿡ܰɳƵʵ˵˭
ѵû˵һģԪȼ˭
ܰͫȻ̫ӵ£ǣֻǾĲķŵµ췴ˣ˵ʵ
ܰ飬ЦļŶԪȼǼٵġ
ܰ·ץסϣƵģԣǼٵģûϵģѾԳǹȥˣһᱻԳġ̫ӵµĴֻһһʵֵµԸһõĴܡ
ǺЦ˫ȴĮĿԴԳˣҡ


269 
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ʮկĸկԼԭسǹٶ˴ҽܸǰ
ףֳǹµĿųµ
ңǺãġ֧Ԯ𣿡سǹٵ
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ʵѩʹ㶼ǲе£Ÿ֪ǵڡ
Ǿ;֣ΪʲôԸǷԭΪ̫ӡ
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ֻǲ֪ڵ֧ż죬һֱصķأȻʧ˺ܶԱûˣȥ˵ʳˣسǵҪˡ
ѩģٶټַж£ĳһ˲űƣһйһ񣬱Ͼһֱֻܷأûر˶ʱ򣬸ûģ´ѾǿĵֿˣҲʿ˥ˡ
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ʹѩϣԮˣټһӣ̫ӵ´ˣ
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ϮĶԹͻˣϽԼľӺӱͻûгĥϣǸԵģڸͬһɢɳ
ΨһսĽǰǣ߾ȻֻһϽһүóָӣֻܺҵĴš
ʱ𱣻λ˵ĶĿһɫӰԽˣ׷ٶȣգ۾֮ϣһü֮£һɫɴס¶Ŀò˸оӦóϡ
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̧ͷһʱ󾪣ԪԪȼĻšҡ㲻ɱңҲĻ壬һжΪԪϵġ
û˵꣬Ԫȼֱһ̧ͷء
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ſǰˣʶʲôԪȼǵǰñͶĶȲ
һϽʩӹ֮У·߸ϵӣȻɵĸԸеĵֱӵ䣬Ĺ齵
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ֱ˶пյʱ򣬴ѩҵú˵
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ѩɫհ˺һſڵֱӻ֣
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ڶ˼죬Ҳ˸ģ԰ԪȼҲһ磬ǵˮλԪȼһдȨ˴ѩ׼Լ˵жȥ鶫
ѩӵʱˣԼŮӣıߣôϡ
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ۼܰҲˡ
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֪ܰԳǻֿ뵽Ƚһ򾡵İ취Ǿ̷ˮΣǷˮֱڵλóǳأû֮أȻҲʧȥ˷
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ߵҲ̫ݶ˰ɣẦ˶ٰʧũﱻ٣û𣿡
ΪӮȻҪݣ뵽취ҲףˡԪȼЦЦˣ֤Ҹ㣬ϲҲıˣֻһֻɥȮһͶָܰôҵķʽŤת棬ֻǱ˲ܺ޹˼ɵ뵽ôݾȴֺܴ뿴޼ƿʩ
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һݴʷͻȻ˰ݷãڶվͳȰ˵ڵݣܿ콭ϼصĹԱ͵˴̫ӵפصĳǡ
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Цһֱӳ㻹ΪΪ񰡣֪ˮҪǡˣҵˣɽϵ˶йأǵҲˮ˺ܶ飬ѲƣһĿľɱĻӣʱ;ǵ죬ˣ㰡ֻϧҲ˽İѻļƻ𣿡
ܰɫ˱䣬ҷϻҪǸ䣬ҵһõľԽ֪ں
𽥽ãҲˡܰʹҲˣҲӮˣ𣿡
ܰ΢΢ۣҲšҺòߵһҲġ
䲻ٶ˵ߡ
ã뾩ǲԶĵطšԪȼĴҲͣפǱߣǰ
ڵȡһʱ


270 
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ΪһϸˣԼֻѣû뵽ССô̰
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ţԪȼûܣֱϳԽͻվһ˽
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һ̧֣ɳ˲ס˫֡ƺԪȼʲôԪȼֱѹ˿ռ䡣
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һ죬誺ֱؾǣ˵μӵ
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Ȼ˶Խܣ޷ϾʥּˣֲܸӲϳ鶼ԹԱ죬඼˵⣬¹ҵ˶ͷƵȨĻԽة඼ϲ߹ݴԪ˧ǡû˵ģĸң·صүЦݣһҪޱܵӡ
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ˣһлʺҲãʼҪãվ󹬡ĻƲ̫õġ
ֻǿû뵽Ļƻһʵ۶лʺĶҲᾪһӵ°͡
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ʲôأԪȼӺ汧˹
ʱһ飬ܻңϽԵʲôʱָ䣬㲻֪ңҺѹġ
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ոջ۸ңۡ
ҸࣿԺ㣬Բۡ
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ʵ޹ٶ𣬰űԹҲˡ
лҪ˵ˣҵôˣÿģѹøӣأ̫ϲеˣôôð
лҶ֧֣һ·ĲףкܶĪҲҲֻܿţеʱûǵ֧ļֲллǵ飬ҸоֳɳˣȻıʻУдöҵ⣬Ҳ£ҶĵģϣԺãȫСɰǳ齱ġҰ¸ˣҪȻ鲻ˡ
˵ĵķ⡣
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ԤպüĸĲʮȷ˵˴Ҷղһ°ɣôһѹġ
кö໰˵Ҳ֪˵ɶˣǾһƪ˵ɣһͷŶ



272 
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Ԫȼһҳһҳԩگ飬ȫڿһ˵Ĺ£߶ԼΪεˣҪԩگǱƭˡ
Խͻ, СѾһ, ΪĴ, СʦľشҲ˲٣ٲȻһСҽ, һ仯, ʮȴѾСˣƢɼ嶯
, ڳѰŵıҹȥǻﻰ⼸ÿ˶ᵽһ֡

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Ԫȼ侲Գ֣δŮ֮飬ʹаĽŮӣԼᱻһȫԶ˵˵ǰŰɡ
仹ͻȻ֪ôϢ, ϢǱܵķ, Ҫĵطݴ
, ֪һʱѽЩʵǴҪ㡭Խǵ˵
ȻѡˣӦеģԽ, ةְ֮𣿡ԪȼڴϣĿ棬򶨡
Խһ΢ԡ
Ԫȼ漴ֿ˻ʹڲôεˣʱƹܽʳǾþǻָΰеıɡǵط˳ûңһһʱ䰲˴ðղ
伸˫۷ŹĿԪȼ
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ȵ˳ȥ֮Ԫȼʮ顣
һʮͫйѪսľߣܸԪȼϸĹȥһж˵Ŀˡ
ԪȼۣƷɬʹ֪ǲΪѾ飬Ԫȼ漣ûܵĴ̼ѹУǲᱻ̼ķ
Ԫȼ
һϽѯʵӣϢȽϺãҪȥ
ҡ̫ӹһˡԭסĵطҲǱߣܸĽһС
ǵԪȼҪŵʱȴľشĶԻ
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Ԫȼһ٣΢䣬ܶ໳ɱ˳һɣȴԪȼĿĪһʹΪã⣬ȴоܲ
ſڣԪȼ͸ıˣϾе㲻ʺϸ˼档
ԪȼԼ侲ƿڵĳ͢һС
ҹɫԽͻĻ㱨֮󣬾ȥϢˡ
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ԪȼԼߵģƭģʹѺãҲԲ׽ӽԼôߴţôԼˣ
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һ·ʲôѿˣԪȼɵĵɴ˫ۣšûԼһȥôû˵
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ûȥɢɢȣԪȼҲָ¡
۵ǻˣ֮󣬾Ƿ͵İţЩҲҪԽͻĸϾԪȼǵ˾ûöĹ͡
ܿ죬˵ķͶȷֻġ
һԽͻ䵹ǰˡ
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Ԫȼϸһ˼ͻȻͲˣǸԪȼʲô˼ҼΪ飬ǲڵĹԵġ
ԽԿԪȼĹǣһۣ˿ȣ֪οڣԽǴֱֵӲİţӦò÷հɣѵһӡûˣѾŵһЩˣϾʽó׹
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ϵ뷨ûԪȼһῼǲӨڡѰӲľڵǲڸԽǱԹˡ
Ʋܰɡ
ԪȼЩΣ־ûɶϾȻҪһŵʺ֮λҲöãԺȻܶԺ󹬣ǡ
ԪȼţͻȻֶĲӨƺΡ
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˵ҪǻûгɹҾͻ

һβҪƭ, ˵һϲ, Ҿ, ӴԺģֻˡ
顭Ԫȼң֮Ľ֮, ֮
˵ĺá

Ҫ𣿡
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ãҸѳ顣

벻ˣԶҲ뿪ҡ
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ԽӽʧڼԽᱻ˺ƣʲôǻѡ顣

ڣǻӵˡ
Ԫȼֽյļ˽⣬ǲɵ飬ΪڻʹΪǰأҺ˵ƣ˯ĸˣȴʶıȥ
Ԫȼ˾ȻᡭᡭֻǿܣŰ磽һ¶ѣϾΪĹϵġҲǵһξ飬Żе͸ˮһƿ£͵𽥱ˣо綼ˣù죬ϲɾֻáɿʡ
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һôˣЩˣ̽ѯʣǶֵ˵ʽһ˵ָͻ֪ܸоųһԪȼĹϵ֮⣬˲
ҵǻôҪӣȻڳϷ֮ǰһֱճյĿ鼸˵ػһϲܸоԼʲôҪ飬ŵúܣϲ˿ϵı飬ֻһһ޷ӴƵģͺٲעתصԼϣͻʧָоʮ֡
˵ʱһֱû͵ĲĿ⣬Ԫȼ̲ס˳ƺ֣ʲôҪģԼ⡣Ⱥ롣
ֻȻ֮ǰ۹ҵģǹķȴû۹
ȷԽ£ڷӦԪȼ˵ʲôҪȴԪȼֹ
ԪȼܲϲܸоԾܲһ
ԪȼͻȻʻ㣬˳ʹһЩ鱦ˣҲû⣬ֱ˵ƯͰһضȹˡ
ԪȼȴԼԼͺλ˺ġ
ʵԪȼҲھǡ׽УȻһֱ͵͵˯һ𣬵ǽһûϾĻ涼ЩŲסˣˣһ֮ڵˣͶˡ
ոҲԴһʱͿ£Ͻ˳ת˻⡣
ԪȼڵǻΪۣûʲôնˣֻȫ˼˵ԪȼһˮȻãԾһ磬ˮ˲òӿԶ޷ͣ¡
ۣųƺı仯Ԫȼûжٲϰߣͷûпʱϰ
ѯ֮£ճ
ˣʹ˽Ҳ
ֻԪȼ̧߶ϲƵȴЩ
ڣʵû˼ģֻټ
ڱԪȼ˹һϣʹи죬ʵҪס޹
ԪȼҪȴʳڡ
ԭ֪ʵ۵޹һ˾סƶһΪģƽʱҺ󹬣ں޹㡣Ͼǲкרڻʵ۵޹ġ
ôԪȼҪ󣬺ȫѻʵ۵޹Ѱǰͬʱʹõĸо
ֻȷЩҪ󣬲ȥ׼ͼ
ûлԪȼƫĴˣοԼʧѾκˣȴΪоʲô˯š
Ԫȼ̲ס˵һ䣬ȴʮһ£ʲô󳼵飬ȻῼǣҲ˽ģ˵֪֪ʲôӦҲΪֲŶԡ
һ룬Ԫȼˡ
ʲô
Ůӣ
ϲŮӣһǡҼٶ誣һ¹Ĺ
Ȼ֪ҲдˣΪʲôд
֮ǰĴѩˣû㺣׽һûɶ˵ģ֪ϲɣô֪أһ£֪ԼŮӱʲôǷ֮룬ҲסԪȼ˲ԼȻɹôˣӶڸϲŮͬһҡ
һˣ
Ԫȼѹסŭ𣬵һ˻ʱȴоﲻԡ
ԼǲǱֵ̫ˣ
ԪȼЩܱһһӰ飬ͺĸʱĸӰһ㣬Ȼ˵ãֻΪӦ
οûమأͱӰ͸ӲˡóŻָ֮ǰһԼ̬Ŷԡ
Ԫȼе֮ǰзִˣôһȴ
ͻȻԪȼ뵽ˣ˵ˡ
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ΪʹӲô׵顣֮ǰѹһǱﲻס˰ɣˣƢأ˵ҲܹԼɣϾʧˡ
Ԫȼ˼ţȻһҹδߡ
ϳԪȼѣ֪ùһԼΪ˳㡭˯һ𡭡һ˯Ҳɡ
˾Ȼû
ˣϳд󣬼ֱǷĲԪȼı㡣
λղյļ࣬ǹ޵ĺ֮£ǹ֮
Ըо»ʵŭƽʱľȻŭŻӿ£ϾҶǵյ̫ӵжʴȵı֮ǾԵУǴҲҶ˵ˡ
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ûľشˣѯ
ԪȼԼֲȻҲûľش˵ԼľشᵽֵζͨҽȻо˲ͬ
ڵ֪СʦǷҩ֮Ԫȼͺѯˣֵβѡ
СʦܿԼԪȼԩôɫ˰˯ʱҪᡭ
Ǻⷽ󰡡ǻ᲻ԭӰ죿Щӣ˵ǻǰһԼһΣӦöأ;ˣȻͻԹʧ䰮ˡ
Ҫ԰һ
һʵҲе㡭ȡ
ҲԿ
ˣɫԲ̫ãԪȼԥƺﻹ鷿Ǵ졣
ԪȼĿƵĶȴߴӵķǷҪ
ʲô߰Ҫ󰡣
ǺǣϷԣҪǳ޴Ӧˡ
ǰҪһ£붼Ҫ룬ҸŮߣͱ뱧ҡ
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Ҫˣ
һڸҶҪȻôҪ˵Զ뿪أ
ҪԼ׷֮ǰѳԭطˣڸϿǽĺܣֱӾ͹ˡƽʱҲԼŻɱճԪȼҪȻԼôᡭ
ԣ侲ֻԼܹţ϶᲻ߵģ˯Ҫճô뿪ôá
.أ϶߲ġ
ԼøɶɶΧ鰮ת
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ŽִͬݳԶΣĽһ
һ仰ͬ顣
ִˣˣΡˣˣ
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һ˲ͷ걻ǿгһ㣬ʲôźԼһƬհףܿƵİȫ޲Լǰֺ롣
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뿪
ܣⱲӣܣ
ҵģ
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ϣĶͣбܵİֻܿռУҪҲûá
԰ʹûлָ䣬ҲģľǶԵġ
ҹʹѾ׻ԵԪȼһΣͣԪȼԼ֮ǰԪȼ顣鷿ʡ
گ飬Ѹ¡
˾Ҳܲˡ
ǼʹԪȼҲģɴֱڴǰˣʱ̴ߡ
һԪȼոհѻȥ鷿޹Ϊԡ£ڸ̫ӡЦЦ뱧˰ߣƫƫʱı˲䣬ƺֻչһ壬һʱȴִ̼Ԫȼ
ԪȼУȴһԺͣתһ㣬䲻ϵӿ֣ȴԽܣ·ֻһ͵ķʽ𽥻ָ˼䡣
ûʲô̼ȴһ뷴Ӧŭ
ԪȼҪ˯ȥƫ˯ҪȻǰ빬رԺҡմԪȼҪԹ˲ͱԪȼѹơ
ͻΣɴ˫ۿϷԪȼ˲䷢ﲻԾ
ԪȼΣյ˫ۣɫȴ·ڰɭ֣ɺΣա
Ϥİ̲Ԫȼÿһ˿Уŵʡ
ԪԪȼ
ԪȼһߵǣȴûЦ⣬ʧ䣬뿪ң
о죬ûлǰ֮áԪȼָ˰̫ˣ㲻֪жѹǰʱ䣬㿴ҵİҶҪ㲻ϲˡ
ԪȼЦһҿҪúðοˡ
ٶʣǸѾοˣûˣˣҪˣ˳ָûʲôҪĶİ
Ԫȼüͷ΢ʣѾֶһĿˡһ񣬾оΣյʳ⶯ƷһƵġ
ΣΣΣգ
ˣҴˣĴˣԺҲ
ΪԼȡһ£Ԫȼĳͷˡ
һ·ҪȡԷкǿʼҹǰҲû¹


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ۺڼ, 񲿵æĽͷöҲ˵֮ʽǰľٶѾ޴ˣ»ʵҪҲʮԤ⣬ϹƵһץһ, ܸо, 񲿵˶Ҫʷ¶ͷ
Щϸ, 鲻жֻԽò
Խֻһ𰸣ִ˵ķͷԸǹ, ², ܻά㡣
ԽĻش²ǷˣٰĽҲʵ۵ٶҪ, ֮仹ǲԽġǶԷʵڲڿЦҲֻܽŽˡ
Խ˵׼, ̽˼Σû뵽ûдŭգ·˿佱
Ҳǿˣִ˺˵ʲôԣеʱ򻹻ɻǲǲϹ, ͷ˵, ǿִĻ, ʲô˵ˡǺ޲ðÿһϸڶǵλԸִһίǲ˭Ȣ˭ޣǳס
ֻһ鲻òٴθϳڶҸ¶ӡ
ҲܹվǴˣִ˻Ĳ, Ӧڴǰ춼ġ
һֱϵڣ֮ͼ½Χ˶̫Ρ
£յ̾ˣ¾ûҪĶʲô𣿡
ԪȼһԴɨʱ˵Ļˡ
Ķʱÿһ㡭Ԫȼ˵žͿ˴У޲ֱƿ⡣
һ뿪߾ͻȵĲԼָֻҪ˾һģΪЩһܳȥ棬ΪʧͻָԪȼһδĸоԼʱĵǻ䡣
ǻǶǺģֻܡ
ǵ˵ǻʱǾ˵ʱ
ǳɹϳ룬Żɣ
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ϧˣֻܲϵԼ֤һвãˡ
ʱˣԼϵƤˣڳ˵ΪͼֱһߵҪԪȼŲͬء
Ԫȼû˼κˣֻʱÿһ㡣
ڳԣ̫ӵ£ִµĻʵ۱º˼ɵ˵ôԺЦĻ·ЩȲڴɻСģЩ𡣵Ǳƺ֮ǰøԴ⣬ȻɢһѹǴҲҶԣֻܼװû
һԵʷʵ¼ת棺ۣĿ˼
ʱϢݴǼʱ˻Ѿ׼빬ˡ
˿ԼˣԪȼǺܺôʱĻᣬϽûʱ䰾ȥ
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ֻһְϳ򿨣ʵȨҪǰϿشҵӪ̻ᡣǱʱûлֱӵһңүΣھǶһͷˡ
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˾Ͳ²վӢģ֪ܸ̫չĻᣬ԰˰š
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ʹ֪ԪȼȫıҿŵĽ;ܿԪȼ޲ðõĶʹںԪȼҲҪӲΪҵˣΪı֣ǵҪΪ·
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誺µǱģ֮ǰһֱʹдܼʱˣҪԪȼҲͲˡ
誸ѩһʣ̸Ŵѩ佫ְ¶Ľ
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˲ֱӴһϽס֡
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Сõڳ˶ֱˣû뵽СñԼ绹ҪżȻϣδĻʺܴ߷磬ûֱּԽͻ飬Ū˿Цá
ʵǱԽˣԪȼԸæֻûȨǿѹ˫ܲãֻܵҷ½٣ͻҫͳѹˡ
Ҳֻź߻СãؼǼߡ
СúʧСС͵ǺܻȾƣֱӾһƽ޴йˣ˶书ֱԺӱ䣬ֱĪѻѰ˹ôĺ˷ֿ
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Ҫлʺ󣬽עûðҵû޵ճãһʼľǷǳԻ壬ԪϣԴܶȻᷴһ𣬵ǲðűķհǵί˵ˣԹ˭ȫƿصء
Ԫȼܴľػɼ˼Ƿܿһģĵġ
ЦЦȻĸ׺ͳĵǣ͵Ԫȼ˵ǰ⣬ˣ
֮ǰ˵Ļƺڱֻ֤ҪһȢҪãʱľĳŵţڿǵԪȼôܻء
ҡͷ˵ĻģҪ棬ģҪڸû˱߽磬ֱǵѳҪס۱¶ô谮㣬ҲҪзִ磬ܸҫȻҲջأзִܸõİѿԼδ
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˵˵ž˵⣬ĺǳİպԪȼҪ󹬣ãлʺһҪȡ
ǲҸǣԪȼѹк󹬣ѾȫѪԵã޲Ԫ϶Ӿڳڻʹ¹滮ЩɺͻӵĹҪˡ˵ˣĺᱳֻܵͷ֪һƶʣһȰʵۣкҲæúý
˵ţͻȻһϤֵĴӴƮһ㶣ΪԼˣϾԪȼܼ棬ʱԪȼӦڻʹŶԡ
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񡣡һ
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һɽˮһĵطɽˮ㣬СϪһݣԼܿӰһ䣬һʮңԵãϷףʫ䣬ףصۺ飬û
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һƮԪȼ
أܼΪڶƵġ
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㡣Ԫȼֱӵ
΢ůֺܺЦ©أǲֻҪҿ㣬ôҶУƹأ
Ԫȼһ¡
ΪʲôŪЦ
áԪȼˬ
ʲôˣ
룬ڷѲһ£߶һԵϲϣҪģԱߵлķһ׷ۣǴͷġ
ȡͷֱӸϣҰոձסͱһ˵Ļ
ϤϢӵ˰ġ
ǹȥ̫ˣòϣֿʱûҲԪȼĽ
Ԫȼ©Ϳbug
ĺͷԪȼʵ
֮ǰ񸮰Ļʺ˷ۣȻпģ㻹ǲϲˣҾˣղء
ҲΪԪȼһκͷˡ
ŵое㺦ߣҪ˵ԪȼͻȻɿһֱֻ֣ӳŸͷϮ
üǲʽˣʵҲЩأϾĽϾͺܲϹˡ
һ룬Ԫȼֻץס׹պͶĸͷԵ΢΢ֻ¶°СȻͷס
ǽŨܵľˣϰˡ
˫۱ʺĸͷסֻӵסԪȼԷվ֪ѾԪȼ˴ϣֱĳ˵Ѿʼ֣Ͻĳ˽ͣ
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㶼ҡԪȼܾƺЩˣʵÿ֧ʱиĦ壬ܳܵסԴԴϵİ⡣ֻǲҪ࣬·̰ҰޣԶ޷Ƶġ
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ҿûôϽɿôԼܣҿɲ㡣ѵӲ
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ʵԭļҡļңʵ鶼ûйҵʱֻϣһҵģԶҶѣǲУҶⷽĸҲȽϵڡһĻҪĺӵġ
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ðɣԪȼʮ棬һԼӣҪȻ⺢Ӷˣ׶ԸҪ
˵˵ɣ˽㡣Ԫȼ̰ʵ
ûˣ˵Ҫ˵ܾãع𣿡
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ЦſǰŸͷŵˣͻȻɽǴΣʱİҾˡ
ô˵ϲĳˣԪȼץס͵
ֱ֪ӵϲ
Ԫȼ˺ߡ
ЦԪȼϵĸͷףŻִһЩ飬ԪȼţҲ֪٣ǽĹȴ泩·һڳ֮ǰԼѡеһƵġ
СĵطԪȼ˵һ£᲻ί
Цûа鰮飬ôί
Ԫȼ̲סһѴܱøã㲻һ˿ڡ
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ԪȼǣΪĻĲ廹ֹסķȣҪһȴմ飬壬ֻѹƣͣͼתע롭硣
ԭһ̾ͻȻסˣ񡭡Ҳа취
ԼһЩҩƷʱҵһ̵ʱ򣬺һٻ֣ʮּߣڵҪô
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˵һ˱֯ξ˹һţܴԷξ˯һұ֯Σ㲻ܿҪҪԿ
ԭԪȼڵʲôֵİ취˿ðգֻεĻûɶϵýҲɶܸɣΣһʱ䣬ҲԿ硣
Ԫȼùҩ裬УƿһͷסУʳ衣
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ΧĻɽɽկ
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ԪȼҲ±ưɣ̲ס֣ǱסȴӲˡ
ΧȽƵʱ͵棬ֱӺƣһĸͷųȥζӣԽסˣǶñ׾۵ĸо
лɻԪȼôˣûڵξ
ӿհף⡭ⱿͲµûռԼˣԸȸģҪķʽȽԾǡȻǴһᣬΪˣҪãҪռˣ϶Լº󲻻ô𣿱Ͼ˵ΪϷԼȷ׷ʲô
ˣǾǰɣᣬҲǱˣ͸һɡ
ߺĽһУֱ뿪صԺӡ
˷£ƿ˸ͷҪѵðգͿԷЦӯӯĿճյĿ
ôͱˣ˻˵ţ˳գ۵İڡ
ֱӴˣһʵĻ˵Ϊʲôյе㲻һôҡ
鲻˵ֻǺĿиˣǲΥټ顯ԪȼӣȻлϲڲҪ񣬾ͺúõ
Ŀɨ䣬±Ƶĳǻڣֱӵ磬㡭
һ£ͻȻЦŵܣ
ôˣ쵽ԾΪжǱ˴ˣü
Ц˵ԪȼǲҪʲôһתֱӿڵܣ֪һֱĽ㣬ҪȢ㣬ڰȢˣζЦѣ߲˼޸Ұ
ɫһһ죬ֱ޴룬ӲͷƤ磬Ҹ̽
ȴֵʱ һֱѹ¡
˲ıӣͫףѹ㲻Ըһ㲻ϲ𣿿ǶˣϾҪ붴ˣ㲻ӦҲˡ
˵꣬ڳĴһڣŪĳֱ
ɵˣȫŪڵжˣǽװ裬ƽϲҲô
ų轩ӲɬӣֱҪЦˣƽʱԼ΢һԪȼֱܰԸĨȴôֱҪ̫Ц
ƤˣŪ񫣬ֱӶ֣ŪĳϽѹס
㡭ʲôϽѵ㣬֪ʲôط𣿡
һ˵ʵĲϲңһ㶼Ҫң
鿴Ѿͷ󺹣඼Ҫˣû尾飬кܶǣ׳ϣ񶨵Ļ˵ڰ
֮ǰһֱǵ͵˼ģôͻȻͱˣ̫ϲʵڸǲסˣ⵽ô°
һԴĻңֱ̧ͷһڡ飬Ҫ㡣
˫еڶϵ⣬Ҳ㣬һһΣ޷ģ㡭
Ը⣬ͬҶԸ⡣˵
鶯ݵĺ·ԺҲʲôϣڷʲô飬Ķֻǰึ
Ҳıܣϲ㣬Ҫ㡣
˹ǣϷͿų˫ۣеͷ΢·ЩѾ޷ֹѵԪȼҪ
ĳ飬еΥĶ
ҲһȤζɣʵвԳòզˣٳǰľҲξԼ岻Ӱ죬մ飬Ǿͷһΰɡ
ֱֹ̧ס˳Ĳӡ
ԭΪԼЩӦ֮µḶ́û뵽һѭԣôȻ飬һԽԽԹԼôãӦһȷʱȥŶԡ
Χһз·𶼱òʵˡ
֪ãһſڴ
˲ñӰĿſڣҲһ˵ʲôΣԼƲ˵ǻġ
ǵſڵһ˲䣬סˡ
ԪԪȼ
ſڳһߴӰºȫǳŴ־Ҫ
ȴһƴ򿪣㡭ǺˣΪʲôᡭ
鲻ŵĿǰͻȻֵġԪȼֱ͸ʲôֵһԼ
鵲̾ţôԪȼ
Ԫȼŭðˣڸ˵Զ뿪ҵģ˭׼ģҳ
ԪȼѵԪȼԼһεԪȼΪʲôﲻ԰
ʲô¶Ϊʲôһֱ׽ڴļӸа
ڵĸоûȥֻǱľֵǸǵһ£һ˼·
˵ʲô𶯣ۿҪ£ֱӰ˻ĿԪȼģǸոջ˭ܰߡ
ԪȼŭԪȼǰģȫʲôֱɱҪ˳顣
ֱӾͱһƣۿų鶼ҪѪˣܵסξҲ۰ϽԼ֡
Ԫȼȴֱͷɳ˴⣬һȴ֮ϡ
ҵģֻҵġ뿪ңڱߣֻܡֻҡ
Ԫȼ˵ĻᣬȳֱӹϣŪӦ
ֵڲȴϣ·طĳֻ֣һʶģǿ̸֮£ŷ֮ͣǰԪȼǸѿصԪȼ
ֶˣȻ֪Ǽٵģ߳ܵĲС
һеžȻǳ
ܻ׷Ԫȼ̹һ£Ǹ鲻ͬȫռͷʮǣѪζ
ᣬٸˡ
ſҪȰֱӴԪȼзɳѲסֻܸɿ˸ɼܡ
Ȼеһлǲͬģʱĳָ˹ԪȼֱӴһƽ֡ȻƽˣϾһˣ
ҵĳֱʲô谡
أͻȻɢ䣬һ㶣Ӧͱһ¡
Ṧ˲ֵ£󳵣ʧȺС
̧ͷʱٲҲ޷ıϰľˡ
ԪԪȼ
ڣŶ˷̫ӵ£ɫ峺񡣵ǿȴº׽
ԪȼͷɫЩӵʵô£
죬ֱӷֿˣ߰ΣǵȽ˵ɡ
ǰԪȼĸԪȼʵʲôϵ
Ԫȼ΢죬㲻ǡ໥Ľ֮ȻʧˣҲݡ
ŶðɣǸոʧԪȼ
ֱӷ˼ˣҲԪȼҲǣֻԼеξҲԪȼˡ
Ȼ֪ô£˺ͦΣյģҴ߰ɣ׷ϡ
磬㰡
һ㡭áԪȼͻȻ˵һ
䲻룬ͨһˮС
һȻǱԺȪ
ڸոתĹУͻȻ׹ⲻԼξЩԪȼԼĵĵطԪȼϣɽǴξͽһг棬ϾѾ붴ˣʲô̫ˣĳᵽǴ󳵵ľٶǸһΣԲˣймƻȪصʱᵽǴȪûне׵顣Ԫȼź
ԼˣתʵԪȼѹԪȼξ
ۣۣȻξӰʵξһжųת㣬ġڱȪˮţоˡ
ԪȼҲһ£˱һ𣬵·ȴʪ͸ˣָоʮ΢ԪȼѲҪɢɢ滹ǰһĽʱֱӺһָŵ̫ӵðȪҪˡ
ԪȼĻȪһͷһֱֵԪȼƮҶӱȳķӦҪ
Ҳ˽ѵֱӶŪ㡭ովҵʱûпҸǶʲô
Ԫȼʱһһֱܹû뵽Ȼ
ԪȼɫĿֱĶˮŪʪΪ˶½
áδ顭Ԫȼʣֱӵ
һͷţԶԶԣĶԡ͸öÿƣѧǡ
Ԫȼȴ΢΢üĪЩŭоˡ
԰ΪʲôͿԣԼͲأҲԪȼ
֣ǲͻˣԼûм䣬һҪ뿪Լͻʧȥ۶Լİˡ
ô˵һڰʾңˡ
Լôʧأ
ȺԪȼʱžԾҪ㿪ʱѾѹˡ
ȴᶨԪȼɲÿܣֻܰοԼǰԪȼΣܿסҲɡ
ᡭᡭɡ
ֱ˫͸Ԫȼķ˿棬춯ٶȿȪеӰ
µԪȼµĳ黺
˫𽥵ĵɴֻһ뷨
΢΢۾ԱߺͷͲ֪ǹżЦݵԪȼһȭȥ
ĳ˱ˣ޹۾۵׾Ȼвİ⡣
㡭ˡ
Ԫȼе֣ѵòڵһЦ裬Ҳ֪Ϊλǲƽʱš
Ԫȼ淴ʡС
ֱӾ˫ȭԪȼĶӣ쵰Σôܡ㣬㡭ôΣ
оԼֱûˣУһߵֱȥȥֱͻеߡ
ԪȼȴξĽȫûûƤˣӵ˺ģҪȻҲ᲻ðҲܰȫң˭һʼңġ
ֱпԣǰˣ桭
Ԫȼȴζ𣿡
㣡󾪣ܵսûˣУҲҪͳͳӵ
ԪȼΪź
ţһʮ濪ʼôԪȼˣ鲻ܴʱ
ԪȼϽţζѣʵģǵĴ飬ԹԵ㡣
ŭǵǰҲܸԪȼ֣㡭׼˯Աߣ
Ԫȼ磬ʱˣֻ뿪ˡ
ǽʱڻ񣬸޷ָľ񣬴һΪأʵӶξ
عξ߹ͬ˵һ仰Ҳûôˡ
£ǰ̫ӻǳ飬ڵԪȼΪһ뿪ˡ
ʱѾûǻشʵȴǣſ£Ϊĸ㣬Ҷİϡ

ۺ飬ǻʵڹеȴʺӭ׶͵ʹ
Ԫȼˡ
ӭӡ
˵ķθµʽͬΪпǱģʽԪȼҪ¾ȻҲ޼ɫϲ涼ֻһǽɫԵһɫƵѾ񸮵ĵˡ
˭֪ʵֱһʱѣּˡ
ЩŤǿŴϲʱɵĵ̲סϲԪȼĶ֮޷ݣ֪ԼֻҪٿһ㣬ֻʧСչκһˣ
ԪȼŴϲ˫۶ˣ·ǽӶİĽ֮Χ˶ܿ»ʶºĳԡ
Ԫȼ·ʵʣ¶ճһ飬лϲȴ̲ס˿ӦֻԼһ˿ΧдڶðֻֻۣԼһ˵磬ܡֻ͡
ԪȼֹʱûκͣȥһգԪȼɢ˲٣Ԫȼʧ£ϢĹס󣬷·˽յ˫ϼһ
ԭóӭףǼȻˣҲˣٸһһɡ
Ԫȼָˡ
γˣϲ󣬻ͬһ·ں̺֮ϣ˳߹ǣհݣһ·ά򣬶滹Źִ࣬ױ಻ϣ˵ھ˵ĻУûһҳųҳ̶ȿɼһߡ
빬ȺݣׯϣǹͬվȨı־Ҳδۺοʼı־
棬Ԫȼߵͬĸĸ󣬽˶ѣԸˡ
磬ȫء
Ӧɢϯ
Ⱥոոˣʵ۾ѾԼĻʺص޹
ƿԪȼᶨ˵ˣ׼һˣ̫ˣϢϢ
Ԫȼ΢΢ۣӸ¿ԼĻʺһֻժڣһֻ⡣
Ҳ˯Աߣ˯棡
㡭۸ˣζôã岻ƣҲƣ˰ɣ
ʲôΣ˭ǵΰˣĪǵãϸ˵˵
Ԫȼ㡭޳ܣ
ԣҵĻʺ»֮ҹɲܲ졣Ǻ滹кܳأѵ»֮ҹǸҵĻ𣿶಻á֪ҵһ˶𣿡
⻰ô˼˵ڵģԪȼҷˣһһ
ĻѾ޷˵ˡ
޹𲻶ϣۺ飬ɪ
աδղųʵӰֻǻʺӰþδ
֮󣬴Żʵ۱˯鷿գֵЩ졣ʵƢȣ˶㷲
ֱϳʵ۵ͺ˼ޣһ糯·ֱֻĶһԵӡ
ߵһӣʺΪڻʵ۵ּУʺԶҪκ˹ݣʵ۱
ʵվʺվʵʺһʷǰĸı䡣
ȻһʼǶͦԣǷָУֻҪǻʵ۾飬۶ôƣִеס
һڳһ٣ϾһŲ˵ͷϣǾͷصס
ǻʺһ¡
ֱһôСǶãɴժͷĹñˡ
ŵȻȷûоãǻûǨŭ
ĿԪȼһۣԪȼȴݺݵĵţ漴۵ί
ǰû׵ʱͦ˳ģôһ׾ͱȻҷ׼ȥ˯ֱ֡
ȴȫ飬˭ְͷ޽ƣء
ԪȼֻǿԼһۣͲˣĽĲУʲôҪ˵ģһ˵ˡ
Խʾ£Ͻҡͷʾûˡ
Ԫȼһ£ҲҪˣͻȻһȻסˣһԪȼ
£ܹĴй˶¡
ʣˡ
˲о̫װͰ͵
Ԫȼ˫һУһתԪȼĻС
ҴˣԺұ֤˵ͣͣ㶼ҺüˣٷȥҪˡ
ԪȼĿڲɵ񡭡Ƿ˺üˡ
㿴ҵ£Ҷû˯ˡ
ȥȻһƬбƵ
Һòãܡ
վװȥˣһǣԺǿңҪͼ֪֮𣿡
ԪȼװԵͷϻίίװķ֮ʡ
һ룬ϴ˵һ
ϵԪȼŵ㡭ˣ֣ȥ
ͱһѣ뵽ˣԪȼ˫ͷųͬĹâЦԽԻġ
ҲǣԪȼ뾭ѵҲ˿ȣͻȥ
֪ҲҲ˯ã𣿡Ԫȼһ˵ţһĵĶ֣֪´Ѿɿ
˭˵ģ˯Ŀɺˡ
ԪȼЦСƭӣȥߣ˯лҵ֡
뷴ͻȻһ£㵵ĿԪȼô֪
Ԫȼһ㶣ӦҪŭʱ򣬵ͷס
죬ԪȼȻӦֻҪ˵ͣͣǡ˵ڵĻ᲻ͳˣ

Ԫȼ飡˵
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275 
ĴϪԽ, 佫һΪϵԵΪھǵıھӣԹϵһֱϵĸּͬʱϲ, Ů֮ǳ߶, ŵԱͬ, ֱӶף׼ҡ
Կ˵, ԽͻǴӸ̥ʱʶ, ǰųǾŽ, ֱһţȻǱ˴Ϥ, Ǳֵܴͬһʱ䶼ãֵܡ
һһ䣬䲻ϣǻ࿴ϣž
Ҫ˵˹ϵãһ۸һ˵ʱ, Ǿͻһ¶, ·ڸ, ֻԼ۸˶С
ʱƾеģƾԽ飬ԽƾҲûƿ, ˳˻ؼȡٽöԷ䡣
Ǿʱ򣬾ǳ˹¼ľʮҵС
˴ӱ𴦵õϢĸѱһԲϾҪԣ˭ҵٸư
øԵıͷжͷջãգظʱ򣬾ͷԽûлʧˣԽѾˣˡ
û뵽£ɵˣһԽô죬ԼʹϽһ٣Ծű˳ȥҪһԽ·ǲǱ˵Ƶġ
УԽ·ƵģܿҵԽµĺۼԽӦŮʧбߵģԽһ·ʱѾͷûжһæֻԼһ⣬˳źۼ׷˳ǽһɽҶڡ
صĵطԼԼŮǵĿѧ֪Զֱһɲݶ⣬Żȼ˵ע⣬ȻþͿ½½Ȼ±˿ע⵽
ۿû˳͸ϽǱɽˡ
һȥͿʮСȴûпԽӰżˣûˣ˰ɡ
СﶼȣϽǰϵӣָ֮󣬾׷Խ䣬ȴ˵ûмʲô꣬һС޿ûϽȥɽһߵĽ㡣
С磬㣬λΪ˱Ǳ󻵵ץˣҼ֮ǰͬץߵĽˣոձȥȥ
˼Ҷôˣ䵱ҲֻȽȥһˣһȥͿһȹӵС˫ֱϣʹͷµĲɢˣһͷ˿ӻĽǶֻֻܿһ۾û侪ˡ
ѩ׵ļ̺գĲСɵĶ䣬δôÿС
ԽͬϲͬС棬鷳ҲδĸСÿǲ翴״ıԽǺܱСΧƵĳ棬ССͣͻϥܣҿ˵ر˳Ц˵ԺԽϱóˣƻҪԽæŻ֪ôֹϲ
һΣ俴һСȫͬĸܡΪ˻ٵÿϣΪͻȻԭҲôģʹں£Ҳûпޡ
Ժոձ˵Ļ˵СΪ˾ȱ˲ѣǲÿ¸ң塣
޷һ˲ĸоԽڣ뵽ʵĴʻ㣬ǻûô秵īˮֻݳɺһ仨ǰš
ͻȻСתͷ
Ϥȫĳ֣ɴ˫ۣ㵵Խ
ˡ
䣡
ɫı仯ǱܵĳȥҪԽΪԽ̧ͷ˲䣬һľ֡
һҲ֪£
ȻװСֱͣѹԼҵĸ죬ȴûаס̶ȣֱΣա
ǱԼյģ
Խڿ֮˲ˣΪҿٸץû뵽
ֻҷˡһһ߽⿪Խܡ
ʲô˼һģЩأССԽҲܴһӾ仰еĲ֮
һ飬ԽɫֱӴ䣬Ǳɣ
˻ûӳȥŮͻȻӾĿȻķʽ̫ãһ󺺾ͳ˵ĸǰԽһ̧оҪˡ
Ѿ˻ȭŹƾСƣһʼܳ䲻⡣
ǵ˲ǳˣǴ֣Ժܿ·磬ˡ
һֱ˻һŰѻ߷ɵǽϡȻǱ佫ģΪͻСûбһ˲Ĵܸû޵Ĳ
Խ󺰣Լ벻İ취ֻ˹ȥס䣬һ󺺲ŷԽʲôƯСѾͷǴѵġ
󺺷Ӧԣ溰ֵǣǱˣǸϽȺѾͷתƣɱ͸ϡ
¶׹⣬ֱӳȴûעĿ޺ѾͣˣԼֵҲûлӦ
Խſĵˣŭ˫Ŀ·ըëĺ꣬ڻǰʹѾֹסĲԾɲˡ
ǻȴǿ巴ְԽϵ󣬾һֻ˵ĶǣʹҲҪԼĶҪҲԽʬ壬ܶԽ
ۿ£Ҳۣ͵ɴ˫Ŀš
С֮ʣƿ֮ļͷ˲Ӻ̴˴󺺵ࡣ
ŵأͻȻ֮ͲܶˣŵĿͻȻǰļͷղʵĻ¡
Խͻԭ˫ֱ澪ֵģȴȻ仯һĻһʱӦֱǰͬɽһ˵£¶Ӱ˵ͫײ
һǽ߳һͷȴȥޱȸߴͦεӰӾµĴп֪ݲǺÿòѾ޷ݣԱֻ֮Ҫһ棬ȻȻҲʶġΪ빬μϯʱԶԶĿһۡ
ǵ̫ӵԪȼֳֻֽ𹭣ЩĿǡ
ǿСˣԪȼ㶣ŵûˣ涼ǹٱ˶ץˣҲǱץ𣿡
Խͻ仹ǲŵĿͻȻֵ̫ӵ£ֻɵɵĿš
ԪȼСˣǰ鿴ͻȻͨ£ߵ̫ӵ¡
˽̫ӣԪȼ֪˱ȻǼġ
ѯݲ֪ԭίԪȼ΢΢üˣηǺ£Ǵ˾Ͳûаյ飬ǴģԺٷĴˣ򡭡ܻѡ
ǼǵĽѵСмȥԼ˲𣬵̫ӵ˵꣬ʹº͵˶̲ס𣬺ڣѹ˶룬̫ӵ˵Ķԣǲ㺦˶Է
Խͣ۾ͷᣬһαѵĿ
Ԫȼ˵ͷûٶ˵
ѾǹٱˣнеϹְ˶̫ӵµԪȼ仰е飬û˶ץˣСҲźˡ
ʱԽҺͻ˶˹̫ллȻҵҵĺӡԽҵ˿ԽĴ磬ֱҪˣһΣֱӵԽǰ
һƣٿˣŷẢӡȰ˴˵
ȰԽͻԪȼǱҲŶ뿪ֻС۾ȴԴݵ̫ӵŲˡ
ֱӰˣ˲ջߡ
ͻȻԽлл㡭䡣
ʱһ飬ⱲԽһθлָоͺͨζһˬ
ͬʱ֮ǵ¾ǣûоȵ
ȵˡԽĿ˸֪ǻ估ʱϵԼʱͻᱻӣȻɱǻԽ飬ǵģԺһĸ걸ķʽŻ䣬ûˡ
ȴΪԽڰο͵͵תͷԽҲڷģһûбһһᱣԽԡ¶ֺµ飬Խ͸ýԴ󣬵ǲԽ
ǿſţͱŤˣԺŮװˣѿˡһجεġ
Խһ£ܵ˻ȥ˭˵ģ˶˵Ư㣬û۹⣬Ľ϶Ȣϱģһӹ㡣
˵ҲŲᣡңҴһӹҲȢףŭˡ
ðɣȻܹͬĺֵܣûʱǻụ
գԽͻ仹ڱأȴԽҺͻҵõ˽͡
ԭ̫ӵ¸ΰԽµ֮û˷֣Ϊųһֻ֣ر˽ԽĻʹӱ˵̫ӷ˲˳ҹȥ漴ֿ̫˻ŵĻܼʱϵ˹Ԫȼ˳һãǻԽȻҲ͡
ʹԪȼʱûпǣºȴΪʹֱͣ˵Ƕ˺ܺãһһı
Խͻԡ
õʹͺ󣬾档
ԽֱӸ˵ԺˣȫȫĶ飬պҪ̫ӵ¡
ֱЦѵĿһ£ҲҪ̫ӵ£Ҫúˡ
ԼԺ̫ӵµұۣһһ䣬̫ӵִ¡
ţԼ
ǰƾڸԵưԣ¼֮󣬻ǰŬʮȥѧ䣬ԽҲͶУ츳ŬɳˣΧ̾Ϊֹ
ֻǡҲԽˣԽ䣬Ҳзִأ֮ĹϵԽƿػơ
ҲΪ֮˲ܶȫʧȥѹסԷʱˣǻʶ黹ҪұȽϱգֻߡֻǵϰߣϰ߱˱ܣֻҪԽͲòӡȻԽӲȨ
ֱ״Ԫ״Ԫһˣδչͼȴͫй¼̫ӳˣѡӦԣȫԼҡ
Ȼȥ̫ӻع飬δ·ٴγ֣ѡ׷̫ӣڸ̫ӵǻƵۡ
ǵĹϵҲ˾޴ı仯

ۺºιƽýףȢŮĪѻۡ
˵ĸˮɵģûʲô谭ͳˡ
գΪĪѻ۷ޣԱóšúõһҲɨȥ֮ǰӻ˳ͻ
鸮еϲϣһЩ󳼿ԽӰ
ԽΪةڹ鸮ͣûʲô⣬뵽ԭԽҺͻҵĹϵԽȴûڻңɼԽҺͻֹͣ鲻ǿѨ硣
ۺ󶼴ˣԽȻҲûвҴţֻûеȫĳ̶ȣ˶ֱǷϣһϵİԼҶ࿴
ֻǿԽةͻ˼ļҹҲðͷȡ衣Ҳֻܽš˭˱󱻼ǿƣҪһ𣬺ѡ
ͬ˸Խ˵ЦͬǺ͵͵۲죬Ƽǵ˹ֳյԽĶ˵ʲôܵľֹֻҪϹӶˡ
Խȴü˵䣬ֱ˻һ£ɫȻԽֱۣƺҪߡ
ԽȴȻ˦̧ͷѵһ䣬˾ôסֱͬ˱ѹĲУȰ˵䡣
ת뿪
Χ˶оƺˣɣ˵ۺ˲Ѱļһ̫ˡ
ϲɢȥԽȵ΢ظ
ոſͣ£ӭҪߵ
ԽŶԷߣͣ£һͷ̽˳Ǵ㣬ЦŴк
ԽϵЦָСùˣСô˶򣿡
˲˵ˣ
Խɫ΢䣬Ҫ˵Ϳһ̽ͷζЦ⿴
ةңԼˣӦΣѩЦŵ
ԽȷȥˣΣ
ѩεҲǣոջһϷ˵˼䣬ִڵĻŮƶҪμˡģҶܾˣϷҲǲͶҽȻ뵽ҵͷϣǵĹŮǶҽӽǡ
ԽȻһЦ߶ˡ
ѩ֪Խͻ˵ģЦϣгһܸһճɾɣɱٵͷˣ˱ҹ
㼪ԣǲᡣԽ
ѩŰڰ֣Ŵ뿪
ԽûȥңΪ֪ȥĻҵ⣬ֻܻԽ
δףȻ޷븮ӡ
һصУ˼гԽܿϾǵĹϵҲЩţΪԽǼȨˣʹֶԽһ˻ϣԽԼáһлͻȰ˵
ȻסԽ˵ѾΪɫ˺ʵĶĸҲЩ࿴
Խͣ½Ų̾һҡ
˭ˣڱǣҾ㣬ԽҿԲˣûҶӾ㲻ǺӻǾͱ˼ңԼ˳㲻𣿡
ʵڲУҲɣʵҾãͻҲôᣬãǰһǻŲɣŮȰ˵
Խ˵̵ĳΪ˵Ĺˣͬ⣬ҪظܸģԽϵĴһǣʱøõǱѡӣԽ̵֤ǽ̳һϸļ̳ˡҵ£ǾͱˣñƼңҡԽû˵ȥĿⷺ⣬ѾԽҵĳ޷ˡ
ϾͬĻѾΣЩϵԴǹԽʹӱ𴦸ѵȻûжҳ֣ѾãԽҵĳҲȰ˵̫Խͷˡ
Խߵҿɾˡ
ϾҶֱϵŮ쳤һϾעû޷ӣֻܳ͡
ѩ࿴ļƻһҪûϴԣ޷ܺӶ䣬޷ܻѪһΪ˱סһ˿Ҳ˺ܶģôܸġǸԽҵĹͬúһ߸Խһһӣ̫˽ˣȻֻ֪лԽųɡ
ҧٴα򡣶߻ĸ׺ĸѵ⡣
СöȥˣֱӵڹڣԽһֱǲŰȫģô˵ԽϾأ
Ϸ˺ͻɫֺ졣
ԽǺúӣ򲻿ɵģǴ治Ϸŭ
ǻϺͻʺأҲǴ治𣿡С÷
Ϸ˲䱻סȴ㶮ʲôһ죬»ǻбӣÿ϶ҲС
ܣСüǲᣬ͸Խһݲ±˵ģôСףΪʲôǶأҪǿȴ磬ǵϣҸϣӣ
С˵ˣ˴һƣСǲ˵ûǲΪ˺ӱƴУĺӸҵӿ𣿣
Ҫٴ
˲һȴϷͷѹסΣҺúùţҲô룬ֻҪ㻹ջֻҪ㻹ǰڣ͸Ъ˶Խ˼ȢӣģǷģ
ҧĿ⿴ǰλֱӼᶨϣһպȥǽҲȢӣҷԽɡ
˻һ˲ᣬϷٴҷ
һ޴֮󣬻ıѪһƬֱˣϷͣ£˻ȥˡ
Լ߻Ժ䣬һ뷿䣬Ǿ͹һ˵Ϣ
ȻһҾͿԽ
㲻ǲ𣿡
С˵ܼҷˡԽǰŻ£۲ĺ󱳣Ȼüҩ䡣
СôģˣΪҸĸ׶챻ˡ
³ç֪ȡԽһߴ˿ڣһߵ
ԼˣԶ޷ȡ㲻ҲûĶԼֱϵ𣿡ţǲʹԽˣͺˡ
ΪҲҵĵߣһ֣ҲǻġԽ
˼ҲģͷԽ
Խҡͷ㻻ҵͷϣҲǡԳֵģϾǵǶԵģȣĵӸأǻΨһжˣҪġ
ͻȻ֣һץסԽֱۣ뻳Уһ˫ǣݺݵĶŻеԽˬѾԸոԽĻʮֲ
˵ֻҲ֪˭ھǵЩе˼Ĺܾ̾Ҽ࿴ͼⲻֱ𣿡
ԽŻ䣬ЦҪȻأΪһ𣿡
ԽգſڵԣԽ²֣Ҳֻ֣Ҫ˺ҵˣΪǵδκ顣
ԽĿת̲ססĲӣǡ
һǱϡ
˲ԽıӣƵ˵ԽϺͻʺߵһҲܣҾԲṼ㣬Ҳܸҡ򡭡Ū㣬֪𣿡
ԽЦЦ࣬Ȱϵ䣬Խ滹ǻηԥһ˿һΪԽˡ
ĺ£һûߵʲôµ顣
ҺãÿζᶨĴ𰸣һαһθӼᶨĸоԽԶġ
һɣԽ̲סŪ䣬Ц˵ŶŪңôŪң
ԭϣԽֱŲһ¡
˲һ䣬Ǿڻ׼ʱԽȴһҩͿˣðˡ
ʱסǶݺݵüƺڿĶӡ
ԽЦˣŷŹ䣬ŻļҪˣĸðˣ㡭
Խûȫͱ˻ȥһǴԽֱڿնµҲƳ˿Խֱӱһȡ
һӣϣܵһ
ԽҴˣҴˣЦˡ
ˣߵ
һ룬·͸ǹԽȰ˵
֪˶ãĵҩվſںͬʱȴĶԼԼԼĵ
Ѿйܶξ˲䷴ӦŲ·ĸˡ
Խ֧ľܾڼǾö֮Ѿﲻɵˡ
һеʧأΪ˻Դ˵ѹƵģת˶Ա˴˵İ⡣
ֱ΢˯Խŵײײ䴦˿ڡ
ǿŪ֮ԽĻС
˰ˣ㴦ѣ˵˿Ķҡ
ֻǡδΨһѹأ
պ󣬳˱߾ļӼ
ݴǱţѳѾںϣҿʼɧű߾ƺҪŴܸոȶã־ˮѩ֣δչҪܣ̵һЩô
ˮѩʵԪȼ˳ˣԴӰֻ˵ԷϢûץ׼óȻˡ
д󳼶ЦЩԪȼһ۾ͿףЩ˲ĸҴܣֻΪסģ£İˣ͸һ˭ҪȨ˭ɧ޵УȻĻ˵ˢǾ顣
ԪȼbossɲôǵģֻɧһҲС
ܾԲκַ쵱ĿںźȻҰӦո͡Ԫȼͳ£ܵԺѾǰǡ
Ԫȼȴڸֱӵû뵽ô죬Ǵ͸ˣλԤôˡ
Ԫȼһʼûѵ㣬Ȱչã˼ţǲҲ˼
Ԫȼֱּȥ
ּһ£˾Ͳˣ߾Ԫ˧ѵǡ϶Ԫ˧ʲô
Ҳǲ⣬ԪȼĻֻǳĻ֪ҪòŻԽةȻߣԼһûбİ취
Խȴסˣƺ뵽һԣ
΢΢һЦԽͶˣЩŵĿԪȼѾĸмˡ
ԽӦҸмӣƣʵĶ˶ˣ̾
ʵյϢˣֻǾŴѡ
ʱԽͻΪе鲻ѣҲûԪȼͻ飬ԪȼҲǵ£Լý⣬ȴһ㣬ֱҽܽ㱨񣬱ȥҲμϲ󣬴ѩǰԹ£ĪѻۺͻС֮ǰҲҹ֪֪ǼôӦ·ģȰȰˡ
ҲԼҸǲһԼҲûɶð취Խã⣬ֻԪȼ
Ԫȼһµֵţһ߻Ҫ󣬡ɽйոսãȥһһ£˵Ҿ뵽ˡ
ȻԪȼ뵽ˡ


276 
ּؼ, ʼʰվҪȥҾӪء
Զ佫Ҫ飬ҵŮ춼ϰĳɵΪ׼һС
һʰ, һ߻̲סӶ, һΪʰˡ
ҲԼʰ䱾ͲҪչ, ŮҪ
ܶЩ벻ģĸҲǲ, ӻϸ, ģΪһС޺֮ǵսЩֵ
һԵĻСȥ, ĸף綼Ҫս, 㻹˵Щеûġ
˻˵СֱӵˣȥսԽأة࣬ǲ, ߡ
ͷ
С̲סô㰡, 㶼Ҫˡ
俴ŻǱֹ, ֱӵȥˣΪҳ鶢ñذš
˻һȰ˵Ļ˵ˡ
Ϊ佫Ȼ֪ڳ佫ԣĺҪģⱾǱͻ֮, ΪةԽȴһУڣ±κεԽ֣ᷢȻԼȥ㡣
ôһԱȣոջ˵ĹڡӡǷ۾վסˣҪ۶ԳڼĻõĿɲܰס󷽣Эһˣǵȥ̵Խ
СҲˣǺЦԽ磬Խ綢ţҾͲĴˡ
乴һЦСչ˺üУͼæӪ١
˴ǰȥֻҪһǧ˱߾ĳǳأٵݴеı̡
˵ʵеۣܶ佫֮ĸңǵȨѾʼ۷׷ˡ
ЩӰ첻˻䣬֮ѾˣӪǰţ±ǶΪڵȱĵȣϤϽǶ֪Ǽҽڵةء
ûȶãӣȿϤӰʱ̲סֱӷǰͣ£Է
ŪˣԽʵ
Ȼ
ţҲˡԽ
Խ˵꣬ñԱҾĸǽнӣȷ֮󣬱˾Ҫ뿪ˡ
һ̡Խڵ
⻰һ˵꣬˾ͶˣһߴŲԸֱ
ԽͻȻЩ꣬ԼСʧֱӵˡ
ĿԽͻŴ˻ʱɵˣߣ㲻ңʱҾҪˡ
Խüô㣬Ϊ㲻á
Խû˵꣬ͱֱӴһ
鷳λˣͱ뿪ة̸ƥݣϢîʱ̳
ҸˢˢӦЦĿ͸Խ뿪ǼҽةϵܣЩ佫Ժⶼõĺˣ붼̡
֮ǰѾ鶼źˣʣµʱȻɰţΪ˸Խúø𣬽һﾹȻҪߣоԶղסԽƵġñԽǿ˼֣ס
ڶߺĹţԽҪȥýʱ򲻸ôھӪͱһ𣿡
ҴĻҾʱ̶š㡭һ߲һߵͷҧһԽıǼ⣬ҶҪˣѵ᲻ң𣿡
ԽڿͷʲôõĵģһεĴʵСƣ¸ûзУȥҲĿģ⣬ܿͻ
ٻͣ·ǿµּɢһ㡣
ʲô˼
˵Ϊʲôݴֶݴ׾ٰɡԽ
ĬˣȻȫԪȼİţҲ֪Ԫȼ֣һоԭ򣬵ǻ仹Щ㲻
Խ͵ΪֻҪ߶ѣûоʹǿİʾӦ֪ǵְһѣȵ㣬š
Ȼɴ˫ۣͷԽģΪ飿ô࡭
ԽЦǰɡ
۸м˷ܵҪôǴʲôʽ˵𣿡
ԽҡͷҲűºȥȴ̾СȻǵԭ򣬵ǵַҲʵҪġ
Ȼ˵ˣҪˣһ߱ԵȻ
ԽĻ䣬̲סЦȻҪսĻҫ۵ģǰӱüı˧ˡ
ԽأͻȻͷȻˣոոǸ̬ȣȻһжԭģһҪ߰һû᲻ã
ƺԽĲ׽ʮֲ
ԽĵĿΪ᲻ãŲ
佣ü΢Ȼˡ
ԽһЦΪ᲻㣬֪ǱΪ뵽һݵĺð취һ᲻뿪ҵߣ뿪ôáһ취ֻߣֲСʧҡ
ԽԵ˵Լռȴܿͱж֤ռĻס͡
֪ߵһСߣҹ˾Щ䣬ĵĻȴѾ
䱧Խ˵ϣҲ᲻ã롭ҵĿһߡ
Խ˫ѾأֻӵŻļ򣬽ԼһнܻðȫУȻֻҪ̶̼£˻ǽеĲᶼй˳·еˣ᲻뿪ֺ
ֱîʱ䱧Ż˯ԽصӪǰԽ˼䣬һҹ棬ԽֶЩףó˻ظ
صӪ½һмãȷ֮îʱ׼ʱ
ſѾۼ˰գУһδ϶ԺЦݣ޲Ϊź
񲿵˶ˣ׼ǰļ졣
ŮûϣѾװĻĶ
ڻĸƽʱԿʳ¯ĳݺۣΣʱһпݻҲҶ˵ʲô˻˼ֻӮʤ̣ƽ
˻ҺôĳԽûҪȻȫǵ˶ţպ͸ҹˡ
˵뷨ûн˺ةˡ
ҲΪȣ̧ͷȥֻԽȻģüȥ
˿ĳŵסʲôõľٶҿȥֻ˵Ȼ˵
úϢôˣŵס
ȻҪСǹأҾǵ̶ȣ̫Сˡ
һ⻰ߴӰ˲Խ˵ճһԻһ˵ľٶͺܶƵġ
һ̶ֳ֪ȡ
Խǣȥֱӵһ̣һǺֵٱӵơ
ǽ˵Ĵţƾͺܲζˡ
Ů쿴˾ȻּҲܵ£ֻĬĬİסߣΪٶоȡ
һ룬˵ɫͷˡ
ô˫۾ŵ£䲻ӵԽͷԽͷŶͷô˺棬ǲǶҪˣ
û뵽Լô󵨣òιȥˣҲûˡ
öͷһ󣬻̲סǣסԽ֣ʮָȻеˣȥǵúȽܺˣʱӶסֻӣûߵŭ˿ɾҪˡ
Խ㶵ĿЩٶĻ䣬һҲ֪Ϊ֮֮٣һδεȷΪȷٶԽġ
ԼԽĿѵ˸⡣
ţһĿƵĿԽһۣɿ֡
ŻҾԶ߾
ʮ󣬻䵽ͫйأݴֱӽ˱Ȩ߻䣬˾ͺã漴ͳȥˡ
֪ݴյԪȼţϣ൱ڸŸ٣ϣǻ仹ݴǣһ˳ܽ˳ֵܴһˡݴȻȫΪݴҲ˽ֵʱڣԪȼǸݴרĴ˽µʱ䣬һá
ĿǰǶ֪Ԫȼʲôֻ¡
ӭӣʤԷɾ
ݱҲϵĴؾǣҲޡ
˳˻ûб˵٣ֻܴĪѻǱ߻һԶϢ֪ȡʤȻǽĲУżμӾۻȨŮ죬ọ̃Ҳ̲סҪĻ¡
еʱȨƵǰͲˣǻĶҪŮˡ
һϲʱһ죬ϳʣӦýβˣ˵һξǶԷ齵߻ֱǵϢ
õһ˲䣬ǵĵͱŭˣ
һ£гӽԹ򵹣Ԫȼٻŭֳһķŭ˶ˡ
Խ˲ԪȼŭǱȻǳˣѵ䡭
Ԫȼ˷Ӧֱ·ƣּ⣬Ԫ˧ع飬ֱ߾ɾѰһټ
˲ŷӦһսϮʧ٣δ
Խ⻰ǰһ󷢺ڣ˲ǰ΢ԸǰԪ˧
Խة࣬ʡ˵Ļ
ԽҲһƬңһ̧ͷϣԽʹΪûпԪȼ֣һϣԺܿҲˡôױܣǡԽֿԪȼȻԪȼۿ
Խ˲һתͷ΢ǰͫйء
Ԫȼվûɿڡֱ糯ɢȥϢѾƽĪѻۻص˻˵˲ˣǶŮ죬Ϊ
ٶϢҾʹˣ͸¶Ĳࡣ·Ԫ˧ˣĲáƽɫѿ
СżԽأة࣬һ֪ࡣ
˷ӦһȻҲ˲ֱԣԽǺӼ飬һ֪ĸ࣬
Ϸ˱˵ʲôָֻԽˡ
ûгƽ͵ոڳϣϢʱ͹ּҪȥ߾Ǳ¾ܾˣ˱²죬ߣҲûߣڻʹڣǴһֱ򵽱ͬΪֹ
ʲôŮǶˡ
ĪѻżǵļҾǣֻ̾һԽһĳҪȥ߾ȻΪ˴磬ĴҪȥȥңΪ˴ܷһеģة֮λҲûдİȫҪ
Ϸվ⺢ӣٵʢ裬ڵıƵķʽҵģļŭ𣿡
˻Ų·ʵة࣬ȥ߾𣿡
ƽͷһǲܵģҲ֪ˡ
˵Żأ㱨ԭǸڵԽ˶˵Խ̧˻
Ϸ˸Ͻ˳ȥ֮²˵Խŭ˱£˰ӣ֮͸˳
Сסˣֱ͵ԽԺӣҪ
Խҵ˶ۼˣȥֻܷȥ
Ϸ˺ͻѵûѵСõΪڵϢСôͷɥĻϽѯʡ
СôӲԵƢˣԽˣֲ书ôܵסأҲǡţ׼Ҵ⡭֪һġ
Ů춼ˣԽΪ˻һĸӣֽ֣ϷſԽȴԽ˾ܾȻԽҲģǿΪ䣬ԽҺпܻĥʵ۶Խĳңǰ;ʧǷͬСɵģȻҺɫ
߸˻ңǱԽҲˣԽȰ˵ԽǿԽִȫȰӣԽҲ֪ԽƢֻЭôİ취ˣӲӲ²ﲻ˻ҲẦԼ¿ɲǰǸ̫ӵˡ
Ԫȼع飬Сʱ䣬ӱеİַ˶ˣܲ򵥣ٿ϶ǰʴƣΪأΪεʾˡǿһͷ粻ϻԶ޷֪Լ˳ëķԲԣҲԶѳһСĿܾ鷳
˵ԽҵĴԭһֱԱ͵ģһ򲽴ӦԽͻ鶼ɣֻҪԽԼԽڳ͢Ψһ֧
˶û뵽գԽȻȥˡ
˶˻ʹ֮Ϣˣ˼ҲξӶࡣ
ãڵϢ
ʵڻʺȰ˵£ӦԽԽȥͫйˡ
Խһ֤˱²ԽⶼܴӦǳɣҲ˻ʺԽѣС
û£˵Խȥһˣ䲻֮£ҲֻԽȥңҵ˲ܷģΪ֪ԽѻİȫڵһλҲ֪ԽԲκҵϣֻҪԽȥˣһҵ䡣
Ƕγɵϰߣֱһ̣ŮǵвŻȻסԭֵκиֻԽˡ
ܿԽװŻӻʹڳ
˵ûüӦΪʲô˰ӽˣżǰ
ԽȻǶԽȫ⡣
һʼԶԶĿţֱԽǰ
Խ磬ҲܸһȥҲԱġСú۵
ԽŻСõͷЦŵģûµġ
漴ҵ˳λģһѻ䰲ȫ
Խ˵ҪߣͻȻϷ˿ˡ
Խ
ԽͣסŲϷˡ
Ϸ˷·˼ľĿڵǻһػңҡ
Ϸ곤¸صˣ⻰һ˲Χѻȸ
Խһ˿κͶݣڻǹ˴񣬡һ
ԽԶȥҲ֪ôˣȻ͸оˣһµġ
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õƵݴҲµı߽ϣԽˣݴǾûȥԽ
ֱҹϻؾӪ̫ʱƿ˾ʣһ۾Ϳ˼ҹ˹
һȵǾ¡
˵û˾͸ʵҰһ㣬ӵŵ˴ϣֱӵķʽԶԷ˼
Խѵһô飬ֱӾͰѻƷˣܿھʹĶ
ֱ̫˲ͣЪֻǴʱԽѾûǿʶ˵Ż˯˹ȥ
΢΢һḧԽĺ󱳣һŸոԽ˵Ļ
ԭȥսԪȼˡʵս˵һСҪ˵׷Ծ󻼣ΪҪɳĮܻϵϵһʱ䣬ݴǻռ⡣ƬɳĮ֮ǰͫйصʱͳߣ⡣
һݳôݣ˶ƭˣԽӦ֮Ҳ󻯵Ԫȼݸ˿
ʧ٣Խƴ棬£˭ʲô䣬ӵء
һڼ˵¶ӭж⣬ɶˡ
ԽôΪ˼䣬Ǹˣλȥ֮Ҳû谭ˣ˵Խ˷ִˡ
𺳲ѣҲЩţǵͷԽƣɫǷ糾۵ӣϧۡ
ÿζҪһЩ֤жںԽ֤ԼᶨǵͷܸоԽĸ࣬ŬԼԼǺεºܱԽ㰮ĽľԼҸˡ
̲סְԽ˱飬ֱŪѣٶۡΪķɣҲͷˡݵ䶼ռ߾ɫСˡ
ʣڱ߾ӣ˹ʵڶ£۵Ϲˡ˦ݴǣֻżæŪݴʮֲˬ
ڻ䰲ȫϢȻԽﲻþ͵һʱͻȥˣϾ̫ˡ
¹ȥµȹ̣Խ顣
ӻʹ뿪ͰԼԽص˻ҡ
ոսԺӾͿ˼СкԺд֣һˣɵİĿǡ
΢΢üһʱ䲻Сӡ
ֱСϲĳǣЩСȻСùùãԽ䡣
Ͻ޹ذ
СЦôܸ޹أǿĶӡҵĴֶǡ
ʱһͷԽ΢΢üǺܿ׹
ǻ𼱻ǵԽãһȥ˾ɵˣҵŮ춼ڣԽҵ˾ȻҲڡ
Խ㵵ĿԽˣףĸףô
ϷġԽɫ̫á
Խͻ俴ϷˣϷŻڵոȺӿˣ
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Ϸ˺һЩǻҾǰսĽʿµŹ£⼸ӵĸҲȥˣһֱڻŪİ֮УãԺˡ
Ȼ죬ԽȴŻһ¡
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һԵĻ˺ֹۣվʲôû˵ˣЩԽߺϷ˾ͿʼѡģȻѾ¶ˡ
ԽҲˣԽֱӵϷˣⶼǻҵĺӣԽô죿ԽҵĺҲҪԽĽ̵ֲԽҡ
Ϸ˵Ҳͺˣұ֤ҲڣұҲ˸ۣǻѾ̬ˣԽҪԣǾ͸˵ɡ
ԽұͶԸԽ»Ҷˣʲô˵ġ
Խ˿ԽԽ㡭
ԽֱŻһصĿͷĸǹ
ˡǲТһúǵġԽ
û뵽ô˳Ҳĸľģߵлȫ
˿鸴ӣվһС
ֱգʵ۵λڱ߾Ĺ漴ּͻ飬Ҳһ˿ǣǿǿվǵǻϻɻ䣬Ȼ϶ɻˣǻʲô˵ġ
ҲȥƤҪˣϲϲϲ£û˭˭ȢҼһ𣬰óס
׵նǵۺģ˭ҫء
Խةͻͳ˵ۺ֮ڶͬԽס
֮󣬴ҲżĳĻ£ҲֹŮڹٳ̳սⷢȵҲΪĸ߶ɣҲô翪ţٻŰټгǿĽܶȣ˺ɰٴǡҲв֮ʿĽĹȡ

ҹȵһǺֵԽġ
ҶˣʱףЦʵȴֵܵĹâûпʲô
ԽЦŻļҵĺ֪̫֪࣬ѡ˭ҳɼ̫鷳ɣԺӣһңվͺˡ
ٺ˵ɩӸ࿴
ռұˣұ󼸸ʱѻҵòŶԣ
ȳģΪĸʱЩʱˣСһӾͳˡ
ԽҪˣȴһѱסѬˣֵܣĸˣ»ˣʵ룬ҲˣԺǶҪúõġ
סԽڲϷ֮¼Կصˣȴڻɿһ˲䣬ϤǷЦݡ
ˣˣӵ̫á
ӻ֣תϲ뿪ȴڼ֮һһĸоͷȥҹιϵİ׻ϵƮ䣬һֲ֮УԽվ£֣ߡ
ڻת˲䣬ȴ񿴵оӨˮ黬ԽգҡҡͷΪԼˣˣֻᶺŪˣ۸˵ĳСôܻޡ
ûȥϲȥӣµӣϤãǸˬĺùУԼҲУȻȻһĪѻۼ˶ˣھȢʱͷһúչδҲҪྴиȵļҡ
֮УȴԽԶˡ
ԽһҹҹߣѪ֮󣬾;˸䵥ദҲֱ˵г׵ĴʱڷӦԼԻвǼ򵥵ֵ飬ǻǺϣġԽѡʲô˵ĬĬĿԼֵܳףȴԼһء
ΪԼĸ鲻Ӧôڣοʮ䣬˷˿ԱԶõķʽ
ʱǶæƺԶ飬ҪȥĪѻ۵ʱҲ࣬Ҳ˺ӡԽ°ûвμ¾ƣȴõ
ֻǼ󣬻ԶˣԽƴʥּϹȥʱȴһ涼ûм
ͻʬȥ˻ңŻΪ֮ԽӡֱӹһУΪһ鲼䣬ֻÿļǰһղŻĹ֮ǰ
ÿҲֻǴƣһգӲֱͷ׵Խ֪Լʱ޶࣬ʱΡΡֻܿĹԣڿڶĹ˵һ仰
䣬Ҹһܡʵҡʱϲ㣬֪϶һɡԽЦ̧֣¶¾ɵĺۼǼʬĵҹȴձ˾¡ʱμ㣬ѵңҾͲˣ㲻ҿԶԶҸҶԻ̫ʹ࣬Ҷǲ֪ϲ㣬޷ܣͷأˣˣȥ֮㡣䣬лټֵҲɣٿ㡣
Խ˵꣬ҲˣɫҲˣԽ뿪
գգǰȴŲԶɽͷ϶һ·أӻǽոģǵӰķˮΪϷ˵Īѻȴǰ˹·һˣĹֻ֮бֵ֮ʫ֮󣬾̾һߺˣպɨĹǵҲɨһɨһ
ѯǹ
Ϸ˻أ游ҪĹˡ

Ȼ侪ѣ໹ھʹǰʺĴʣϲȼգǻ´͵ĸۡԽļҡ
д¶Ǽܸܵģ΢΢ûҲս˻
ͷˣ׵촽βҲź죬ǺۼֶӵİԽƿˣϾǴϲӣЩʧأȫûзŹԽΪˣ÷ֿԽۻˣҲܲס
ſţе飬ȻܶƬѾʼģǻǵûߵһĽ֣кסƵܡûԽһʲôġ
ͻȻеԽ΢΢üƺܵʲô̼һ㣬ŵ˫ۣѾʪˣְ̿죬ھ۽ڻϣʧһ쿪˫۽ıŻĲӡ
䣬ڡ㻹ڣҸոμ㡭
Խ˵ȥˣֻ̧ͷճյĿŻ䣬нǺµĿ־塣
Ŀһ˲ͳ˲䷭ѹ£һ˲һ״̬
ֱ£żӷζ
ڣоڡԽһˣǳˡ
Խƺһƽʱ糿仹ֵĻԽȻܾһԽ·ǺǶĹ¼źͻںޣʼĻӦΪռл䡣
ǷĽű˴˵֣˵Ű⣬ŵ룬޲Ҳŵ
˵·ٶȾϲƺԶ޷ͣЪƵģԴ֤
һûд


277 
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ͬһȥ·СеĶö࣬ͣĿԼˣ뵱̫࣬ԺȢϱӾ, ʹ¶СǱһŪſˡ
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̫ЦһֿڽеݴǣΨһû޵ģЩϡ棬ϸһɵҡͷ
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ݴǶһжûʲôӦǲֻۿе֮ûκθоˡ
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˵˵طͱԺվһţЩĺݴȴһֱʹͷֱŲݴǲŲͷȥһۡ
һȺŹ¹ε̫࣬ԭΪһ͵ģȺͻأĳһ׾ˣҲʮӣΪӭŹ߹ģһʱҫ۵˿峤࣬ȴоȫΧĻ硣
ȵƲס⣬ݴſʱѵݣپ£㼫ˣǴһʱ仹˹ҡ
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ݴҲֻǿһۣ͵ͷ˵˽
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Ϲڻã˵Щ͵Ļÿʱ򣬵ûȻˡ
ǾһϹҪӱһѡʱǸȴվ˳
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˻һ˲˲١ҷ·Ƶġ
ĹȴмһЦʵ̫æˣ̫󻹵һȥ¶أͲʱˣѡߡ
̫ˣȻǽѡ
ʱСǲףǰòƲƵġת뷨ҪṫС
ṫ붼û룬ֱָݴǡˡ
ݴкСģڻƴֲڵƤžӪһ㶼Ǳ󣬲Żᱻù˽֣û뵽һߵľȻݴҲţôҪ̧ͷճյĿṫƯݣ·̫ʵƵġ
ȷˣҪٿ̫඼ǰѯʡ
Щ¹̲ס۹ⲻаһͲ飬˵
ģЦģ϶ܻҾҪ漴ݴʵҪ𣿡
ˣƯݱƽݴֱ㶵ĿţһȻͷԼˣ˾ͲҪˡ
΢΢һЦʲô֣
ݴǡ
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ݴǸϽͷһֺ񱻴ߴٵͷʦߵʱŻ㱼䷴ӦѾûйϸˣͻȻ֮һʦһ˵ʦ·һε߰
ݴͷǰǸߴӰ֪У񿴵˻ȥɡ
ûж룬ֻǸոһԺӣ˶ǶֻС͵һۣͰĴţʵڻʹУûкĵ˲ܻĸãƽʱصıȽ϶࣬Ҫһأϲ飬ˣݴۣĺ񲻴ڵ˲õġȻҲûʲôֲ⺢ӵһһˡ
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һûģЦģֻҪúõĸңԺԶٳԶ١
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֮ڳУ⴦ˡ
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ݴǵĳһֱάźܺõʦͽϵʱյĻʹУΪů˿ڡ
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ݴҡҡͷ
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ݴһ㶣ʱСǵüǰǴԩ
ݴǵЩˣи߹ٻţԲΪһ֮˽ݺȫһʮˣǸ߹ѾûˣȻ׸ˣǼҵİѾ޷ϱҲһ޷ϴԴʦҲΪˣҰĳ˶ˣҪôԼŰ졣
˵Ͱѵݴǡ
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ݴǸŬԼΪ̫æʦʱˡ
żȻһηʦȻһߵĽЩΪǶ̷̫Թϵܺãݴǵһθо˲ˬƺУʦݵ˲øκ׽ʦֻ׽ԼŶԡ
ǸǱ˴ΨһĴڡ
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Ӵ֮ʦԡ°ĦʱҲ޷ƽĿ⿴ʦˡ
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֪Ծˣȴ᲻ñܿʦеͷԽԽᡣ
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ԺѾѹסǰСǳ˯˯žѹϣҲϰߣԸ޷
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С̫ģ֪ǲǳһ̣ѡ̣εһвڣֻ彩ӲһС
ֱϵһһܵĺһһڽоӦöߺˡ
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ݴҲѣӦ֮󣬵ŵĶӡŻۣѾεһðˡ
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ӹúܿ죬תۼ䣬ݴѾǴ˵ģ̫ӵ½ԼĹҵ佫ݣλȣԺա
ҲͬԺգֻȫ෴ķʽǲ֪ΧȰ˵ԼͽԶԼأںڰĶжͣ޷ת䡣
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һ죬̫磬æ֮˵̻ݣҪݴһ𿴡
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ĬĬ뿪ڹ˾ۼĽУЦźƾƣԼ½ߡ
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ڣǷ·ҧгݵŰȻ˻֮С
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ݴѾɱǸҳûҩ£ȴ޷ӦԣҪȥҽҩȴѾױҩƵĲС
ǰĽ֮ˣݴվûпס˵Ѫԡ
ԼУ˫ֱۣβģֱǣݴǲʧصֱȥǻǰİסǣֻþһа취ͷҩԣҲͷԼİ
һҹֱ峿ݴǲͣ£ԡ¡
ʱܸоԾҲ˺ҩ飬ϽѯʾԵݴǣݴǰ˵һ£ˣ񶼲ޡ
ɶҵΣȻİ˼㲻׵ĴãӦýңҪ
ݴ飬ܸоԼˣҲ飬һҹľǱĳγɵζһ㶼ڡ
СǣСǣֱ󺰣ݴǲŻع
ʲô
㻰أôҵģʵֱףôҲû뵽ԼͽܻôֱӵľΪѹûǱ룬ſھʡ
ݴһ£ǺˣεʵҪĽҩ
Ҳǣû׷ֻǻ£ÿһ缡ڣͺϵѾèȫ¹һƵģǲȱһǳ
о΢ͻȻݴǵѵ
˵ÿη̻һ𿴵ģΪʲôûңǱ˴ˣҼʱϵ֪ô𣿡ݴǲŷӦ
ݴǵŪһ£ӲˬˣʲôʱͽܿѵʦˣŶˣԼʦˡ
֪ΪʲôֱҲʦˣôҪ֪𣿡
ݴǺܿ췴ӦϹˣҺ̫ӵĶԻˣ
ͻȻоеΣԼˣˣƢƵģתͷҪ´°ȴݴסŤ˻
ݴǱƽҪıӣͣ¡ľȴûɵ񾪻ˣǱϻҪάΪʦϣǿƵ
ĶģͲ뵱ͽˡݴͻȻ
Цһ𣿵ͽܻίˣδݴ󽫾
ݴͻȻһЦҲҪʦͽˣԶ׽ˣֻңֻ㣬ֻб˴ˣһԶ䡣һһӣֻǲٸ㱣ʦͽˡ
סˣݴǵ˫ۺܺڣģһʱ·Ƶģݴ˵Ϣ絽Ĵϣñ͵ĴС
ûǷ澭񲢲֪ԼϵһЩʲô˼ֻͻȻݴǵˣڿʹĴ·ڿʳҪҧƵ¡һ˲Ҫܡ
ĪӣԺѾʼˡ
ֱݴǣղűƣݴɿ·񣬽պúϢЩ㡣
ûлӦݴҲżֻٳǰͻȻסŲͷΨһļˣԲδʲôϵԶ뿪㡣
ͻȻôһ䣬Щݣžһ䡣
ⱲӣҲ뿪ң˽Խ֮Ĺϵ
ĪоתͷȴֻܿݴǸߴӰſڣκֻܿݴһˡ
ӴݴǵĹϵЩ΢ˡ
һ죬һ󳼸׽һ̸֮£͸˶Է⣬ԭǿݴǣҪݴŮһ˲䣬Ťһ£ǺܿͷӦԷıŮƾŴһӾͷףǰһĽϡ
ԼΪͽѡôõһ£Ӧͬݴ˵¡
ǵݴʱݴǵ񼸺Ҫ
ҪȢӣݴһһٵ·ָƵġ
񲻽ɼҵҲˣ¶δ̫ˡ
ݴЦɼңȢްȥԶ㣬Ӵ˼г͢ܣһ¶һΣö֮㲻ҵʦѣǱҵ޶ң͢Чҵĵ£̵ҵĻϽ㡭ҵ绹ռݶλãʱ䣬ôĸԸİƳȥˣ
ݴȻûзŭĺ𣬵ѹķȴоŭ
˵ĶʲôļҺӲҪɼҵȥѲɻײɣǶԷʲô㲻⡭񻰻û˵꣬ͱݴ׺ݵץסֱۡ
㣬ҪұűŮˣŮ˾ٰüͬϣ𣿡ݴǷ·ڱʲô
ȴһ˲֮˵ͷ
һ˲ݴǷ·һ㣬ĵ漴˦˾ˡ
ԭػ죬Ҳ޷ЧݴǵΪ˵ʲôֻҵͷȥˡ
֮Ǵ󳼷ܿݴֻǻͷ˵һ䣬ˣҲȢٲ֡
񼸴죬ûʳһ䡰˭
ݴҲû˵
˾ôܿҪ⣬ĺʲôûзһ׽һֱ̫ӵ´ݴһ
ͣȴЩǶĻ
ʱ룬ݴֻΪһֱһֲˣܸݴǴˣֻҪֿһѹʱݴǻǻТ˳һɵͽܣԼòͽҲԼõ
ѾܳˣǴ߳ɵĺɻһҪһֱʢȥǾͺһַʽӭӹһ㡣
û뵽һȥ
֮񣬻ںޣʹҹҹж˵Թޣжݴǵ˼һ̵ʶ֪ʱݴȫ壬̫ҪĴڣˣͺϣˣҲԼûбҪȥˡģҪ
ֱݴǵٶȳ֣ȴѾ˭
һݴȴϷڶͬεļɽУԽʦͽ֮飬˴治飬һΣʹˡ
ǶԣݴǻҪģ·ѾڵļֵƵġ֪ԼʹˣҲ֪ʵ۱ȻҪݴڣֻٴΰиԪȼΪԼȥһиֻΪݴһȫɾδ
һеʱȴоˡ
ֻͻȻݴһ棬ݴǣУСΨһĹ⣬ڼɽз飬СǣҲϣСǡ
ûСǾˣڲϵĻУֻСǶ϶˵Ļ
һ·Ӿǵ߾ѹˡ
ݴȴ·Ҫȥһûзһ㣬ʦͬ˵ݴȻףһμɽ飬˺񣬵Ҳֹͣ
޹˼ɵİǹҩϴÿһķˣͿڶԿڵιҩ֡
ɬɫͻϣޱȰ뿪Цвô뱻ιҩ
ʶ޷Զ޷Ϊ˱ε飬ֻѡ񰲷ˡ
ݴȴԽˣǵڰĵжȹһʱ䣬Ǳȴˣ±˹
һ·˵µʦʦһɽбѣΪʦҽ߳иҩΪͬҲ˳һЩôƺõĸˣϴİ̺ȴΪ̫ˣٺõҩ޷ָ
ݴһοԼϵİ̺۷Ϳڵôˣ
Цܳ󡣡
պáݴȴڵ
һ£ȵĿݴǣͼݴָԼϵİ̺۵һˡ
̶ֳȵĻˣü̺ȥ
ҪҲں֪㲻ˡݴν
Ȼ֪ΪƽԼȴǼԣһݴǻָԭϣݴõġ
ݴǼô֣ͻȻɿڵҳҲУһڡ
񵱼סˣЩŤ˵˵
ҾͲˡݴǵ
ЦƾʲôΪԼвң
Ϊ֪ںҵ塣ݴֱӵ
˲ˣŤͷҲں㰮
ݴȴŤͷһ˲䣬ȻȥѹסһǣѾ޷ǿݴˣ۸˺һֱ촽۾ˮĲűſŭϢˡ
ҲҪָһһ£Ҿ̡
󾪣ΪովͽˣϾЩʱһʱżݴǱﲻסҲȻһ£Ȼһپ͹ȥˣһҪӾٶȱס
֮Ѿˮһ㣬ݴǿȴԽԾ𽥼ص쵽Σ٣СǡСǣǱǲǸֵ㿴ˣ
ˣ״̬µݴǣסֻ¶תݴǵעû뵽ûݴǵ̫࣬ȴӦԼϡ
ݴüһۣаʱ
˵ˣͿ
ݴȻû˼ȥϾڵȷҲҪ
ŵ𽥵ĻָͻȻ֣ݴǹﻹǱܵηΪ˱£һ
ǶԷΪͷˡ
¾ȻҲˡ
ݴ֪·ˣѵķˣԭΪһӡ
ݴ˵ǵĹ£ͻȻĽ̹ͺˡ
Ҫߣ˻ûкãݴȻҲ뿪ǵµҲҪݴл壬ԱҪ׷£ɽˡ
ǰǱ񣬾񣬵һ㣬붪һˣֻб˴ˣһǿ㣬ͻҵ֮
Ťıţв󾪵㡭˵ʲôأвң
ݴȴĿס°ͣսû㣬ҲɣҪɨĹ߿
ûв´ǴûߵģΪ֪Լٲߣ޷ԡ
ݴǵвͬһס
ÿҪ뿪ɽȵʱ򣬶Ϊ¶Ϊ˿ƣͼȾԼÿ춼ԼȵܲȥЩ޷Ե⣬ֱݴЦĳ֡
һ̣ٴκȴ̲סᣬľݵıĥ˺ø£Ѿٽ
ݴǳֱӱסûпϵʹûЭǱȣ֪ܺһˣ޿ܡ
ƿݴǣʧصĴΪԼЭһоʦ㣬㾿Ҫʲô˵·йδáɾ⣬ΪʲôҪֻںڰе֮һ㾿ҪôܷſҡΪĻ㵽׻Ҫô
ݴ֪һڵٽ㣬Ҳ־ְҲǿԽĵϰԼĸ飬زȥˣҲӵĲӱܡ
֪İɣϲ㣬Ľ㣬Ӻ֮ǰͶĻˡҲǵǸˡ
һ.ξΪ㣬е붼йءܶ꣬Ұοôܸɾ
㲻֪ʵһ˯ʱҿζΣҾȻǣ׽ֺּ£֪ҡ
Ǵ㱻±ѣʵƭ㣬ҸûȥҩһΣһʲôˡҵˡ
ͷ㲻ˡʧ䣬Ҳ޷ֹͣ룬ұʱ֪㲻ûио͸׵ģӲģپܾң˵бĹϵͲʦͽˣҲδǹٸԼӼ˺𣿿ңݴǣһԱˣһķһӰ㣬һҵˣ԰ɣ԰ɣ
ݴǷ·ѾԸٵˣ޷κλӦҲҪϵ˵Լǰûü˵ĻҪὫһƣʵҪȻƾݴǶ˽⣬Όܵ׵ġ
֪Ǿñط꣬Ṇ̀߾Ǳ޵վȵʱݴǰһᣬֱӰڡ
΢Ŀھƾ¶ģݴǶѾֹĸ顣
Ҳǳ֮ΣݴѾ޷ֹͣ
ªСݣ·һλõɫֻмľƴյСҲظӹزʵĴ·˷УصɽС
ѾǴջƻ裬ϵľʹĺۼ˯İȵˡ
һӦܣǵмӭϣ޷ԣȴ˽ţ˯Ҳɿֺ·Ҫ뿪ǿƵġ
ֻٶ븴ӵУޱȵһС
ݴֻᱧ˱壬Ϊһ仰˵ݴҲǿԾɰչ˵΢ʹ뿪ɽȡ
֪߾ĴѾȫݴƿأֱø߸ϣ̫һѾʼˡ
ݴߵȽϼ򵥣ԲŷĽһߡ
ǹǳصʱϤѯʣλǡ
ݴǺԥһ£˶ϲ£죬ҲȻ
ݴǾȨ󣬴ҡڵס˸УԼԺǸһˡ
ҪͬסݴҲΪ
ֻǴӦȻӦˣҲ֪ÿ쵱Լ˯ܻ֮Ǳ뱧סһ˯ԼҪ֮ǰü䣬֮󣬴Ѿյˡ
ûд֪û壬̶ֳȵ׽Ѿľƣ͵÷ˡ
ֻҪʱ侲һС
ңҹݴǶæ
ֱǱߴϢ̫ӵ»ָݣҵʥּܿݴǳ˴ܳ佫Ԫ˧ֱͳܱ߾顣
һεĳǳص˶Ҳ͵͵ȥˣվڸ̨֮ϵݴǼֱҫ۵޷ݣҲںڰеɬѡ
Χ˶ԴԪ˧ԺһӵѾʼ۷׷ˡ
һϣû˯ţȱ˱뻳еʱ񿪿ڵĴҪΪʷϵһȾԪ˧ԵԪȼʱ˲һճ
ݴãȴˣºԽ˭ǣҵʲô
ǵһ붼ǺˣҲǡЦΪãһֱߣһ׷ҹȥĹʧҲᱻǣ
ԴǰҾ׼ˣұ´ӦҲġ
ͻȻݴƴƴսΪ˭ģȻ㲻ᡭòΪĿΪɣԪȼǣҲܹһҲԼһбˣҡ
ͻȻס
ݴȴͻȻЦ㲻ˣģ㣬Ӳ
񵱼߳ŭ˦ݴǵ֣ҪȴǱ˻ȥסҪȴݴϤв
ٶҿɾͲֻ֤ǵ˯ˡ
вܵˣջǹԹԵ˯ˡ
һµʱ䣬ٶȴϢ
䡭Ϊʺ
񲻸ŵĿϢݴȴЦһڻУ˵Щɣ֪ܳŵʱ
Ԫȼܷ裬һŶֻܷۡʵֱ˿̣ϣݴܸλһеûз
ݴȴͬ⣬ݴǴ׼ȥμӵۺ顣
ȴǰһС
һֱ۵ǰѴʮ־ذףʯǶֵ࣬ǧĺ
ݴûмˣֻһֽ
ףɩúϡ
Ϊʮ֣ݴǾʹһͬǰǣǸȴıº󣬾˵˴£
Ԫȼ֮˲Ǻû뵽ȻĻˣҲû뵽Ϻ񣬼ȻˣԪȼȻˡ
ԪȼĵȤݴǺĹϵ֪ݴǰĸۡ͵ûɣͻ䱾»ңһðû취һüû취
ԪȼԵõݴǺǼʣҲòϻ
˰˶㶨ˣ̵ĳˣⱲ룬̹ȻһϲѶˡ
飬ݴǲܴμӣ˹ϻˡ
ݴǿŵۺҸӣԽһˣкܶпȶˣȥ֮󣬷ΪƵƵȺ򣬼׼뿪һ󼤶
žƾֱˣƷ裬ĥӲݵĸصڣ˵ſɬַ⡣
Ҳǻص˾뵽˺ܶ࣬Եҹݴٶȵóѣ
ܵݴǶ᲻һҹȥ֮Լֵõˡ
ֱݴǲŷŹһϢıߡ
ָֻֻֻܸ֮ɿŵĴ
ǰȻص˱߾ӲĹ̡
̬ݴǱûšݴ֪ڸԼϾҲֻܵȡ
û뵽ºͳһ¡
ݴǱҪЩַ߳ģһŴݴû뵽Լǳ˰æĺԽṩ̨ˡ
ҲãҲǸͷһ˵ͺˡ
ݴǿʼΣε˵Ч˹ϵ׽˺ܶࡣ
ȻʲôǶÿǱΪĬˣţżһ£ͺܺˡ
ݴΪĥȥܵóԸʱֱƵ˻ȥ£ðɣ߾ȫҪԼְҲԹ޻ڡ
ֻһصԪ˧ֱþн
ֱԽҲˣǳϷǽԭΪԽةڣձĵطӦú״û뵽˾Ȼ
ݴæĸҲɻˣԹҪˡ
ԽʶʱݴҪܲ˵ʱֱ׳֦
ݴ磬ûҪҪҸ⣿͵ǵĻرˣ
ðɣԽ϶Լа취;ͶͰɡ
һϣһȻ֣ݴûˡ
һգգգݴǲٽķ䣬˰һԸ֮⣬ݴǶæ
ֱʱ򣬿ʼﲻţЩ˼ȻǿʼףˣǺ֮ǰЩûеģܾ֮Щ˴̽ϲ֮£ֿʼꡣ
һΣȻݴǵңһὣҪɱˡ
ݴǸһסѵôӻô壬һԲϾɱˣҺѰ졣ôԴˣ
Ųǣ㲻öЩôģСģŭ
ҲɱˣѾԭˡ
һΣԪ˧ȻҲܾݴֹȴģұӣ㲻һ֪Ѱ죬Ϊʲô㲻أ
ΪݴǻǰһᶨĲߣ˵ֻУݺݵıסס
һûУݴֻĿһۣȻɱˡ
˵꾹ȻˡԴá
ǽ֣ݴߵС˶ˣޱȣĹϽΧڻһŻڵĳ
Ϊ߾ˣݴǸĳҹԣһæµϦദ䣬ȻһȻݴΪȥѩӶЦĬɡ
һ̣񲻿ɷϣĴʹ
ҲݴǱˣ뷨Ժڿʼһ˵ԼӦһˣһѹֲסͻȻĺݶ֮⣬һڽӽĳʱ㶯֡
ԼܲԾݴʦˡֻҪԼ˭Լá
ƫƫʱ򣬼ݴǣȴҹҹμ
μݴȥֿ־κجζ¡
һ죬˼أˣԪ˧ʱֻһҪȥУȴŴԪ˧ȥĳˡǻ˽˵ʲôó裬ʧ衣񼸺޵ݡ
һ˲䣬оĶҪѿˣϵȶΪӼء
ֻǱĹűӻ˯Ҳˡ
Уֿݴǹػǵ飬ѾİˣΪǻþڿסĵҲֻջ£ŸԼͱ仯ġ
ݴǵȥֺðǡ
Сǣ뿪ңҴˣҳϣҲû㣬ҲʦˣҲˣҲٹִˣҺֻҺСǡ
ݴȴ·ҪƿƵģݴҪȥǲݴߡʹ˴
ȵ
ݴǶģοǿڿߣ˵Ҫӵʦء
ʦͨݴеķʱݴѾ˲Ͻдˣôܲأһʼ֪ѣ֪ˣֱԪ˧Ĵ򣬾Ӫľҽ·Уȫˣʲô⣬Ͼ֮ǰӱԼ̣ĲУݴǺòģôء
ûüݴǾͱŪˡ
ȶȵֱݴǹȥ
ֱ񳹵׻ԣݴǲͷ󺹣²ѵĳ˳ȥѲץ͵˯ŵ
Ūβѡ
˼أ⡭¶Ͳ˵ˣȵҩ£½Ƶ㣬ˡ
ݴǲŷģȿڶԿιҩ֮ݴǾҲ뿪벽ֱӱ˵ѡ
峿תѣһͿݴ˯Լߣ֮ǰļҲɵˡ
ԼȻô󵨣Ȼ򴽣ĸоƺв񶼻ֱһǡ
ž㵵Ļعϵľݴ۵ĵǺͰ⡣
ˣ´ηյʱң֪Ҷж룬ôƵסڸоôЩ𣿡ݴɳƣԸˣȻָоЩˡ
ЩڵĶ˶еա
ݴǲ⣬ȥûǲǲҽдȥ
ݴǸҪȴ񣬷·֮ǰҹҹûݴĴ̣ܣܵľֱסݴǣߡ
ôˣ
Сǣߣû¡˵궼Լ˵Ļٶ㱣ֱԵݴǲתѹ
ϢӦӲϾܴϢˣ˫ɵĿϷݴǣһʱȻ
ݴ˫۵·Ҫˣ񣬹ЩʱգҲװɣ㲻˿ҲУףʦͽĹϵϳˣֻҪˣ𣿡
㶵İ죬վǵͷˡ
ɲǼݴеĿϲͬҫ۵Ĺɢ˳˰׹ԭԼǿԸݴǴҸıˣΪʲôһֱΪԼأ
Сǡϲ㣬ġлл㣬Ψһļˡ
ݴסˣĺۣȿϲޣͷıס
Ǹлл㣬ллҵĴ治ллԭҵԣлл㵱ѡңҳΪļˣԶҪֿˡ
ţԶֿڰεеĴ̣ӵԼİݴǡ
ãϲֻ˵İöҲҸᡣ
Һãûݴǳµ˲ɱҺݴǱʥŮӶ԰˳Һٶھ
ҺáҺá˴ǡ
Ӵ롣


278 
Ԫȼ, ⣬̬˷𽥱ƽͣڿ̨һı𽥴Ӿ֡
֮еӳȴһ
Ѿ, ԪȼΪ
, ߵ, Ϥ˶Ѿȥ, , ηȫʧ
磬ҲûʲôΪе, ҲҲûκȤ, Ҳˡ
ˡ
һֱ衭Ҳʹ࣬ˡ
ԪȼоԶ塣
ͻȻ񿴼ʦ
ʦδֹΪʦ𻯵ˣĹ̲۶ʹҲδʦæΪ֪Լĳªĳޣ޹, ѾûĿʦ, Ҳûʸʦͽܡ
ʦǳˡ
ʦͽҪˡԪȼлʦǰ
, Բ㣬ס֮Ȼһڵ㣬˻Ụ㰮㣬㲻ٹ¶, һˡȥɣȥǸˡ
ʦִ仺·ڳÿһѪеıѪԣͳ嶯
ʦĻȴԺ
ϮʹĻ˴˵еı·Ҫϴɱ¾Ƶģҹ췴˴û뵽ǻûôж˶ˡ
ǶԼ˱ʵ˭֪ǱҪԸǣ͸һ򵥣˭û뵽ԼѡһС
ֻ֮вԫϱڣϵʬһ㶼ûҵ·Ѿճ˹ǻңȥˡ

ٶȸֱܵպʹԪȼЩ㱣ʶԼŵʱָо²̫ԡḶ́Ԫȼƽ˺ܶࡣ
ѵ磿ţܿӿ಻ļ䡣еһʱ⡣ǽʬˣ
·һ磬һǧ硣
ԪȼԾʹֻǿһУЩϢȴˡ
ΪݾȻҲг飬༸Ԫȼڳ浤ʱͬԪȼоͺһЦƵģǰʦ˵ĻѵһʦԤϣ
һˣһ˴ڣˣ
ǹ¶ԺģпոսҪϸУ¶Ժͻ
ƾԪȼ⣬ΣΪڳļУǰգ¶Ժμɵߡҹ¶鷳пܾǸйء
ԪȼЦǲĸ磬Եĳª
ţͻȻߴԻ
һ͸һŮ˵
ǡùҳߺµĺӣг飿ĸճ
֪ҪסҰǰһҪչ˺ܡ
ұ𣿺ǡеɬ
⻰ʲô˼ҪΪҺܵľôˣʧ
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յŮƺ뿪ˣԪȼܸоһֱվţ
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ú󣬷ƺһЩˣµζԪȼУǸվԶˣ᲻
Ⱥ˲֪Ԫȼţ޼ɵ顣
ԭǺżڶĸռһݶĹɷݣĸˣɷݾ͵УδվλߣȻλԲǳͬҪùϵõ֧֡
пּ֪ҵĵȨ߸ĸãԹϵܺãǲȨûɱɡϾֻҪԼѡֱ֧ˣȨ߶ԾʹвȻʲôᣬǡ˭֪أ
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ԭŵڵɴˣȻеڴǸ˱᳤ʲôӡ
鰡Ķ硭ԺǺúദ
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ʱԱߵٶȱʹŪѣˣһ۾ͿһһڴſֵǹԱߵĲ
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Ϊǹ.¼ҽԺʿǹϽȣּҲõ֪ͨϽ˱ó飬ǵ˷Ӧȴˣոȥȵʱ򣬳黹ڣôתۼͲˣ
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Щҵɱ֮󣬾ֵķɱֵȷʧѪģֻǰ·ʹĥ
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ڻص̾Ϣ峿˷龹Ȼתܳһʱˡ
ܿ쿴ôãְ˸ת˻ȥ
ƶϱ˻ͬڲҺĳ飬˵֣ҪִкȴԼֱҲ.ˣֱһɤӡ
ü
ʿҲѵ⣬ֻܹԹԵǸȻ˳ӵĻصԼĲϣһ˾Ť˹˵
ܿ커ʿǶȥˣϽܣǲǵңȥҵģԺֵһúദ
ƮƮɨһۣһ
ȻˣͲԥˣֻҪСӱʲô飬ʹСΪµĿʼָͷ
ұ簡Ҵû˽йұ硣
üͷһ飬һѾʼҪ𣿲ˣ
鲻ҲżҪȻҲ͵͵ԼûлָӦ´
ʹʿģԼ֢໤ûһֻ̽бܿģ±ֻĲֻΪĶ飬ҲģֿǸΧҽԱĹϵõֿĲһġ
ĺ㣬̣²ûźֿġ
ܣô֪һġ
˵ġ
Ҳǡ˵ܲˣָ֪ô
ν
ˣԭôÿûнСŮѣԵ
Ŀˡܻѿ˼ǸһϲͬԣҲҡ
ЦҲǣǵøϿ˼ҵˡ
һ㶣󷽣Ҳ֪Ѷ˾ͺá
պ󣬳ıҪҿˣ߼޸ݣòȫԭֻƤ࣬䲻С
ڲϴĿűͻĳ飬Ƭÿ̲סҪ
ΧΧźּܶҵˣЩСŮˣȷ֮󿪻飬ּ˾뿪ˣ黹Ҫڲ
ĸĸţе㾪ȡǲδ˵ֻչ˳飬ͷ
ֱ˶߹ˣתͷΪῴȴĿŴ档
Ⱥȥķ
֮ǰһֱһֻ۾δֻ۾һĻ棬ĪƺЩͬ
ڿŴϿһݰÿֻ¶һ룬;£ֻǹݣԳԵĲ̬ϺһƵģõĲˡ
¶ͷ飬ԼҹҹȷǸӹעЩһ¶ˣһ
һתͷ˲ЦĴָȻÿʢգ
鼸ɲĺһţŮѾͷˡÿҲģһ㡣
ΪССŮˣ̲סЦӰѧϰɼôãҲûɶ˵ģʦְ
ͷ
ûһȻ̲סʼ˵һ𿴵Ӱһ壬ҪȻϷЩ鶼Ը˳Ӧһ磬ΨһС
Ϊʲôܻ͸ҵһģôÿ
Сԡ
Ŀų飬漴ǡǺհ
鷴Ӧһ˲䣬İʻ㣬һ£ǾôһĹʹĴϵĽǶȣֻĳڣָVȻųûӦЦ
ʾ𣬻涨Ųŷʹһ㿪ʣھͷǰЦޱȲãСںһ㣬һа±ȴÿıⶼҫۡ
º󣬳˳ԺΪڶ»ϼվּȨߣӾ˾˵Ļʮ⣬òݵıÿƣϾһҪȻɷݵȨƱҪȻȷѾõĹɷݾͱƽɢԻǼá
Ǿ԰ѺӽӻؼңϵչˣʵϵĿܡ
ǳȴһҪϣһԺסլ
⼸ԽˣȻ黹Ǹٲ̫УӦסԺǳҪ֮ʹӦˣΪ֪ҽԺûиʲôƣĪԼתģȻ֪ΪʲôҲ֪мûлᣬҽԺɵ
ǰּҲԺѡһѡԺ»ǻصּңҲÿ£Ϊбˡ
ҲǸӲźܺƭıһ˴ּңһᱻԵĹͷʣģ޵ܰһһ㣬Ҳ顣
Լ˵ģˣҲбôһɨĹ͹ˡ
ǣͬʱ˻ȥ˯ڵңֻ֪ÿ鶼ķһ󣬸ֻоԼ彥ĺˡ
лҪ˵˶ϵԪȼҲϣǺúõģŪ˸ִ飬ܸЩͬѧĲͬ
Ƿ⣬ټϣԪȼվԼıԣʶమѣҲ֪ʲôת䣬ʲôʲôѡԲдϸʱ󷨼ӿȣͲдˣֻһЩദϸڡ
һý֣һЩӡ߼ϣͼ־ͺáϣϲ
һ⣬ȫˣл֧ѽ


279 
Ԫȼִ, õ壬¿ʼһ·ֲ, ϰ书, ȴûнǰĸַ財
ּһ, ʱ䣬Ѿʮ, Ҳȫ硣
, ΪԼõˣּҵİҲѵʱ, ʱ롣
ּ˶Ļ̥Ҳֻеĵ, ֵܡϱӱֵܱѵ࣬û뵽Ⱳӻֲ
ͻ꣬ҹҹΪҲûͣڿҪκˡ
ֻҽԺαװ岻е֤ҵ˺
е˶һ£˳һ, ͷܿ
ȥ, һܶΣպ, άĶݣ֪ʱʼѾ޷ϿǸ˵Ӱˣùȥøһֶ
֮Ա˯Ϊ⣬ʵûʲôرԭ, ֻΪ˯þˡ
ոּҵļգֻ֣һʱ䣬ͻȥ˯һ˯ţ͸ʵ۵ʱһûûҹ˯ţ˯μЩʹ࣬Щʹ޵ˣż˯Ҳ̫ƣ˯ԵڣƢĿƲסֻɱˡ
֮ΪһжˣϾȫµ壬˾̫ڷ˵޷˯һӦû⡣
û뵽˯ţһܺúõ˯ҸΣȴ޷һԼ˯ʵڷ˼
Ծû˯ǿһСʱҲᱻǰجξ֮δɵ޷ȥһһ߻㱵Ŀǰ˯ΪʲôĴȥôſųˣعѾ˴΢΢ĺ󱳣ĵĻ˯˹ȥ
ˣ͵Լˡ
ͺñڣһ˯İȣϮˡ
һε
糿⻹δǿҵԽصĴȴѾ΢΢תѡ
㱼ȣϤģʽ
һܱţҺ滹г㲥βѡ
ܳˣأֻˣôûоﲻ𣿲
ÿ϶ҪһΣȻ𴲣Ͻһͻѡ
ʵ˯ġ
ջּû죬ͷֳ˯Լϣأ˯ͼ˯ӣǺ޵ֻֿܹĵѯǲǲϰһ˯ǲһİĵطģ
һ£漴εĺȻɫֱĲ԰ףһ仰˵˳ȥ
Ūͦ±Ƶģ죬˸ҼҽϿʱûкɫ
ΪԼɻأô⣬Ͼ˵ĹϵѾܺˡ
ǾΣԭǸҽ̾Ȼɱġ
ʱȻڳǰ汣ȴ֪ǸҽûѵûôţȻԭˤһӣֱӰˤˣֱ漣ڸļʱҲûܵκ˺
ҽ̱ߣȴûʳ𰸡˭ĴεҪɱ飿ʼּҵˡԴӴ֮עΧİȫ⡣
ϣķ䣬ŤŤһ˯
űܵӣÿɰֺЦοһ˯ȷӰȫǴ󷽷óԼ̵һá
˾Ϳʼͬ˯ֻΪʱ䣬ӦˣּҼǿ˷Ѿȫ˺ܳһʱ䣬궼ȥˣһϣĸоŪѡ
޴ֻܻһǳȴһˡ
ȥ
𴲰ȥ
εĶҿˡ
Ŷķһ
ͷɻĿһȻӣҲÿ˵ոյΣֻܵ㻹ûϰһ˯ҪҪԺԼ˯㿴˯ȣҵҶˡȥ˯Կ˵ѾϰˡôҪ˯СıЦŶ
Ĭ˺һƺȨʲôſڽһʾһ顣
ֱһΣ׹ΪʲôԼܶôãΪʲôоĺˣԭԼ˴еˣ龹ȻĻڹ԰ˣ⼸۵ۣڿʩչ书ʱ򣬳ɵˡ
ȻΪʲôҪˡ֪ԼǳĬĬķײűġ
ʱĸо·ػһ㣬ȥͱס˳飬ѯԼǲҪˣǲĿԻȥ
ڳı֤£ֱӿ޵黹ĵİֱƽ
ûԼָܻܻԣֱɾһĴڡ
ɻΪʲôһʼ
ֱ˵ĸ˵ΪҲȫ㣬ҵܲ׸㡣
ôֱףеʹǷӦ֮ȴоӶݡ
ȷˣֻ֪ܣ
ţҿԸˣҲףֻҪڣܻΪԼδˣҪʲôˡֻһǰͱ
ųĻٶûиоֻ֣о˸Լˡٹ¶Ĵˡ
һʼֻǵͨˣѣֵܣڶԣرĴˣѾָôֻҪΣգԾɿԺԥų顣
޹غǲǱܣôرĴڡ
֮Ҳôģ뾭꣬ѾǱ˴˿ԱͬΣպδֵ֪ˡ
ֵֻɲÿϱĳ㲥ѡ
鲻ᣬһֶ˵Ͼ˼Ϊ˾ģ˵ȥֻѯʣһжòȬ
Ҫ𣿡
Ϲ˵ʲôֻǡôѡ
ۿƶĿ⣬˲ˡ
ðɣƭʵҪţֻһʱҲɣֻ˯֮һαоʮݵЭ˯еԼȻȻȥ뻳Уֿ֮͸ɴ൱ˡҲˣҲϣ˶˯ҲͲüƽôࡣ
ֻһͻȻԼĳҲ˰죬񵽲УӦԷŮ޹أֻȻ״̬ϸûôÿһ¾ͺˡϱôû˯õĳ̰ڵ˯ֻҪ˯ãС⡣
𽥱ɴˡ
һʼǻǷ䣬ڵ˵gay۲֮£ûԵı֣Ҿ˵ڶѪԵϵҪϸ񣬱Ҳǽףֲ֪ûйϵӦòô治ԳҲŪô£ֻǵΰɡ
ϾԷgayԼȷ̫ãǸԷڴĻˣһֱװŮӦʱ̸쾯ӵġ
ϴ¥ֻסǲ˿˯һ䡣
˳緹͵¥¿ʼˡ
⡭תͷʳ顣
ӹд˽ⷨҪڣͻȻϤĳŪ
磬ôȱܴ꣬ȻҪ̵Ŀ᲻̫Цˣȷܲμһĸ߿ҪҪĸٸмҽ̣ŶˣȥҪμӸ߿𣿡
ɫһ䣬̧־ͰԱߵİڼ˹ȥ
Σһ㣬ݺݵĿҿ׵ܰôܴңҪȥ߸ĸס
ɣɣ˳˸游ĸҲûбˡ
ҲڵҲҸո¼µԺ󹫹Ϸų׵ܵôڿ׸ģļ̳زǾ˾Ҫġ
㡭ǣ찡Ӧá
û˵꣬һƻҵ죬һȻҵˡ
׵ܵҵĺܳȥ
Ϊڶ˽һԱ׶ӣƫĵĸĸײҵ飬ΪҪæ֧֣ǳֻĺãĸҲûޣ֮ǰֹΣͷˡֻܽӲҪ飬岻УǻŵʱӦ֪Լˡ
ϧСӲûж
ĴεУ飬Ӵֻ֮˾͹ˡ
ܣĿܲܲҪңд򵥵Ľⷨ𣿡Ŀų顣
鷢ֲ֪ʲôʱֿı飬·ֻҪһԼʲô鶼ܴӦƵģָд˺üֱⷨΪֹǰԲô鷳顣
Ǵμҽ¼֮˾ڼΣǳбҵԪȼǰ;գǳжû꣬ڶҪͷʼ
ǳͻͽģϰݣѾʼ߿ˡѹļֱ޲ý硣
ԳֱӲμӸ߿ȻһҡͷʾҲУ벻Ҫ
Ȼļҽ̡
ĿǰҲԼԲμӸ߿ˣֻǡ
飬Ҹоҿ޷㿼һѧУˡЩյĿŸոģǷвģõһҿ¾͡
㲻һһסУĻô죿廹ûȫء
סУҰֲͬɡ
ġζһѧУ˵ͱ
Ҳ밡Щ಻Ŭ
һѺ⣬㰴Ҹĳ̰̾ͺˡг˵
ǰһʾɣϾϽʦδ˵Ѻ⣬꣬鴴̫Ĳܣôš
ãġ
һº󣬸߿գּҵǶԳͦӵģֻ˳ΪУʱƨĶ
ǰֻһ㹻ϸģгͿúķɹ˪Ҫ䣬Ȼ̫ñ֣ɹ̫ɡ
ֱ׼һУΪǰƤ޸ģԶ߼ΪСΪٳţҶˣȴǵ
ۺЦ⣬ųɡû¡
Уһôԣ
Ҳ˵ˣȫȫ΢Ĺĺչˣ۶ӣһԱΧۣ͸ӵˣôõֻһ֣˶Ϊݽ棬ȻϹӶࡣ
˳ȥԣȻѾʮüˣǳᣬҲûֵĹעֻм׼֤ʦΪȣƬһҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
ֻǵʦ鵽ʱ̲סԱ˺üΣȷÿòðʦڵͬˣʦֵǳôƬеƬӦǰյģһ˶ܱ仯ô
ܿǱˣֻǲеѡ
ʵҲֹܸо곤仯ܴ󣬹ȥеƫĳֱ࣬жһСĻ񣬵𽥱ԽԽζˣ͸ģһ㣬¡
żȻһųƬ罻Чֱ.ըĺ̨ˣֻɾ˽ţȻкֹܶ˾̸ЩȻܾûȤԼδкȷĹ滮ܸоǸ͵˻еģƽʱֺЩɵΪҲ١
˳ȹ߿ò˵ǳѺѺ˼Ƶģûаܹôߵķ֣߿ɼûгǾͽӵѧ绰
ΨһУҪ󣬾ͬһ˫˼ᡣ
ô򵥵ҪѧУȻӦ
֮˫ͽڣ˷ɺͽ
ѧϰ̾Ϊֹߵ·ͼ򵥶ˣֻһ˳άֻİá
Ϊ˫˫ѧⲻǼͥ԰쵽飬ԺŶҲϵҫ
ּҾͿᣬңоͰԪңԪҵȨԪˣԪ˿ڵĳһʱסˡ
ԻЦΪǼʶԪҲܵʢոˣϾڳûκһŮ˵Ŀ״ӳŲ
Ц˵ܣͨ԰
ĵɨԪһۣԪ˵Ѿʼˡ
磬һһ㲻ұˣұϳּң𣿡ͻȻڵ
һ㶣ɻ˵ʲôأôܣ
˵һȻЦǿȴ㶣·ڼƵģڵһ𰸡
붼ûж룬͵ҶҶû壬ΪŻġ
΢΢һ㶣û뵽˵ôֱӣһӾ̵ġǾͺá
ܿ죬֪Ϊʲôô˵ˡ
еһ룬ҫ۵ʱͻȻ׵ܵڴĻϲһЩϣݽȫⶼ֤һ飬ּ֤ûκιϵִСĺӡ
һȫȻֱּˣǰݺݵ˦СһƣָһСȻ֤Լڰ︸׿֪࣬ΪȴֱӰ˸׵Ĳ֡
ּȻô˻˳ݺ͹ɷݡ
һ־鱻ĸߣֻû˹עȻҲϢһ뿪ˡ
ûУŸոõĽѧ𣬴˳뿪ּҡ
͸˼һۡ
᲻ã
ֻǸо뿪ˡԺֵΪˡЦ˵
ûѪԵϵ
ô㻹ֵܣõֵܡ
ãõֵܡЦЦ˾ʦһַ
ѯ
ǵ¼ҡ
ȵ˴ѧǸĹԢ¥ŷֳµķӣһһ¥㣬Ĺңסڹڣ˴ӸǱְͼŹ˾ļˡס棬֮ǰһֱչǵıںͱķ̣ԭǲ֪ʱѾȫǳˡ
ȫ֪ʲôʱѧ˳⣬ȫסּ˵ģԼһ𶼲֪
³һֱУѾ׼Ҫ縺곤ߵһеչ飬ǵĶѧѾҼԽӵְ׬ǮĹˣû뵽ԼʲôѾ׼һС
ȷް̣֮Ҳȷ־ƺͰһӦԴʩˡ
¼ң˷ܼˣʵҵأ
һ㶣ָԡ
ǲ𣿡Ӧһ£ǻ˯һ𣿡
ͷҪȻأ
Ȼ˰죬ܾﲻʣҲ־úܺ԰ԼҪβء
ֻųļҲκˣҾͰԱߵʰסҪСŮѻؼҵĻᶮñܿģܲһֱ㡣ȴѧҵˣҾŬǮհȥ
ȻһֱûмŮѣ궼ûм滹ûз֣һ氮ͬ飬ΪԼԭ򣬳ŻһֱԼסȲ˾Ͳίˡ
ȥļңҪȥͻȻʵ
һ㶣ЩֳͻȻĵѹֵҲûһֱסһİԺǸԳɼҿ϶Ҫֿסġ
˵ײ飬ڳĶȴЩ̶
üûô졣
ѧء˵Ӧû˰ɡ
˭֪أÿֲҽ
ôоҵѾȫûˣ˶ˡ
ûиΡ
ðɡеź
ȴĵĿո˵ЩЩ޷뿪ߵĳ
鷳꣬ʰԼǵ¥£ҵһĻ㱨ǼϴĲɣЩ⣬ոմŵʱǺܿ
ôϴ󣿸ˣ
ԥһ£˵ѧҵҪߡ
ǲǺܡҪ˵Ǻ飬̸ߵֹ۲ϴ͵ϴǲߣ϶кܶ취Ըģһʱأõġ
ǰϴء
ҲǣʲôءЩҡҡͷʼͶ빤ҵ۹Ҫ𲽣ʲôּԪͳͳϡҪԼһУҲڽ¡
ת䣬ûзֱ֣ѧ֮ڽѧĿγһ̣Ǹһ۾ϳȻСѧеͬѧ
ʱԵʮֵĺãͻȻ뿪ȥļҽԺ֪ľͶϵٴҶʮָˣ̾˺ܶͬѧһɣҳѧУۻᣬͬһӵĺֵܳԼһ
磬鿴˿ֱ뿪Ѿһʱˣ߹ˣǰŮıףֱӵԲϲˡ˵ͰñӶͼݣתߣ򳡡
ԶԶľͿѾڸ˹Цÿ²ůǴۡ
ҲˣѰһط¡ϵҪһ
ͻȻ˵ôӸأ
һӵ˲䷴Ӧ϶¶ֹı飬ֻѾȥˣȻŮͬѧΧסĳ顣
Ŵ̫£ûдñӣԶԶȥѾ죬ʱ˹ȥµĶ䣬Ů͸סͷ壬һ߹۲һüôֲ÷ɹ
޹ҵñͼˣողŷӦ
ôȥҡЦ
Ϊˣһġ漴գգۣ㻹ûн𣿡
һ㶣ֻܵˣǸϽȥ
ҪأǾѾ
Ҳˡ
ţҸȻȥˡͲˡ
ôոջ˵Ҫڶġ
ûϵ´Ǹ
££Ǽ𲻹˼ڳǶأôԶ򣬾һ
΢΢üЩΪѣͻȻڵ磬°ɣԼȥͺˣѵþһۡ
ǵͿҩԥһ»ǿڵ
Цݲ䣬ͷӦ£ֻڴкתȴɲֱ۲һº󱳡
סֵǲǺҲʼˣ
ûУ磬ɡ
⻹ôģᶨ߰ɣ´ͣⲻǡ
˵ְ꣬ѶȷȫӰ²С
̸Ͻ߿ԣϾ۲Ҫɣͬѧ۵ıȽ룬ɲܷŸӡ
һ㶣ԱҲЦԶԶԣûϵȥúϴ裬Լĺÿһ㣬ϴҶ㡣
ǵڸоĪһѧڹȥˣ֪ۻٴˣʲôر
һ·µĳȴ΢΢۾Щ˵Уè塣
ͻȻ̿ڵΪͬѧۻᣬʦҲڣ鱧Ǹ´ٴһ棬պ첻úϢ𣿡
˲䷴ӦԷ֧ɫЩãԷѾ·ˣֻܵͷšá
ֶɱʱʲôͻһΪǹġʱֱӳ嵽㡣
εһЦȷкöҪۻʱ򣬶ͻԼȥˣӦòôɺϰɡ
ǳѾ̻ͦģ֪Լڹ谭ۣ鲻Լʲô⣬ģôܰѴʱڱ˵ϡʲôиʲôǣԼҪģѾʵˣ˷·Ҫ߶Ƶģó鲻̡
оĵ̫ܵܲưֵܡȻܵÿγֶǵˡҲøӰ
ʲôܵܣסԺʱʶĲѰˣ㲻óԸе·Ҫռ̫ˣֹ罻ҲΪáҲУǶߣûиദʵ˺ܿ£̶ߵˣǧǧ棬ֻᱻƭתСãʵǳ˲¹ͷĴħ̫Σգôõˣܱƿء
˵Ҳ̫˰ɣǶ㿴ñȽ϶ɣ᲻Ǳߵ˰ϦദԾ͡
ôᣬ˵ˣŮѵġӦֱУҲֱУԲŸӲԡˣϲô꣬һջġ
ֱԸ񣬶Ƣʣ
ǾͿԸԸˡ
һߣȥ֮󣬾Ϳʼҩ˵һͻȻڵҪȥ𣿡
ţ˵𣿡
ǣ㻹Ҫβ
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һߵĳǰѾڷ˴Сһʬ壬һԵ嶼˷ĩ
ֱŮͬѧ˵ҪȥƵϢʱ򣬳סˣֱ·š
㱼ͿһߴӰźɫ·ŰɫĶűҹɫڵǰһûüӦ˾ͲˣٶȿĻΪԼء
ڴϵѾ˲ϴ򳵣ֱṦڸ¥֮䴩
Ҫ⿪·𣿡
оֱըˣͻȻһ漴һƺѹ
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һǽŲȴûͣ˾Ƶ¥¡
һǱѾչŮͬѧס
ϲ㣬ϲ㣬ôֻϲһˣһλ𣿡
ԲʵҾ˵ģҡֻ֮ͨ飬ûҲģҰɡ
ҲҪ֪㻹ŵϢ֮󣬾ѾĹˣҪصߣһҵģҲκ˲
㡭ֻΪִʵδϲڵҡ
ǵģ֪ϲ㣬ҿ֤ԣһ㻹ûоҾͷ𣿡
֪Էô󵨣ǲסԺ̫ò˽ı仯ˡ
ǿŶԷ飬׼˹ĶֻܼľܾףԲĲϲ㣬ҲԲκγԣÿҪˡ
Ļ˶Էϡ
Ϊʲô㡭ǲϲˣŮͬѧ˵žͿԾŲߣҪһ͡
Ůͬѧͬѧֲ֮׵İ֪һˣ֪˸Ĺϵ֪˺ܶܶࡣͲòǲ²⣬ΪʲôԼôãöԷռһԸܣǶ谡Ҳǹ˺ܴġ
ʵԴʺţȴһ˲䣬ԺĪݣĺĪȴС
԰ŮͬѧƭȥֻҪŮͬѧˣԱȥԼ֮Ҳٽ
ԣϲˡ
˻һǰŮͬѧסˣҪƵŵĳҲסˡ
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˲ǰѯʵĴþ񾯸Է𷢳һĻ
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ֻƭˣ֪ŮѣҾϲҲûдֻǵһѣⲻ𣿷Ҳˡ
˵궼ԼжˣŮͬѧȻҲɵˣʹ࣬Ϊʲôء
ҲֻܵˣⱲӶˣҲһֻΪѧʱɬĻ䣬㲢˽ڵңҸһֱһ˺ܶ꣬Ҳϲܶ꣬ݸ̫޷ҡģҲٽģңȥĵطúİɡ
ֱŻعһʱ侹Ȼ֪룬뿪ǵе㲻֪ô
Ȼôϲϲô꣬һֱصôãһ˺ܴĹ򣬺ʹɣԼֻܱǸˣֻ뵱׵ֵܣ޷ˣⱲӶ޷ܵģС
ײײʱ򣬳ԭǶŵģֱ˳⳵һ·ѧУһײŵʱŴ󿪣ֱײ˳Ļ
΢΢һ㶣ЩڵҪƿֻ˵һ䣬飬һˡȻͻ˯ȥˡ
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ޱԼһֱŮѵ飬ҪȻҪ׷ڣ޷ݸ顣
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Ŀһɨȴо촽쳣ĺ죬ǡ׹
鲻ȷȴѾƷˣʹʪɫҲ޷ȷֻƴָȥɾ
·ʧһ㡣
ñ㣬Ҿ͡΢΢ϢͻȻʧȥʶһͷֱҧסƬžѹ
鷴Ӧң˲ҪɿǾһ̣ҧʹˣܵͷһ¡
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ȳ鷴ӦʱѾһ޴ıס˫֣ǣ۾ǻĻָȴûŲļ
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ñˣΪʲôҲС
ҵģҲø׽飬ֻҡ
ȵĴ࣬ζŶԡ
ΪʲôһǡôãΪʲô·ûǹͷ࣬ѣΪʲô׾ٵĽܸһǣΪ
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̽Ϳѹס飬ǵͶ룬汻Ӹţ̿ȥһ˲ԿҵĶû뵽Ƿ뵽ʱߺٵǸ뿪
ΪŮͬѧĿ߲Ÿģû뵽Լֵϲ飬ʮֲ⣬һֱΪǳĻ죬⣬ҶѾѹų飬̾͸оԼ׵ˣѸ롣
ˣһֱ֣ȴûͣ£ȻҲȻϲҲŹᡣ
̴ţջǣԼһ˿ĵ׻еǱѹסʱԻƿֹͣһУֻǵƽ֮Աߵֲ ֻһϰԵĻ˯ѡ
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ҲʣҲҲֱӸףͲ֪ôشˣҪʳڰԼĪҺûлش
ȻʧܽˣֻһʱʧˡԺ󶼲ٷˡ
ǳȴǱעľٶܸоÿһٶ壬·ƴѹ֮ϲóǿա
ƽʱһϴ裬ȴͻȻĳһ쿪ʼһϴˡ
ҲʼżѯβΪʲôûá
ͼŮѵϢ̽ѰŮѵĸ顣
жϲŻôìܣһ߿ƲסһҪƣŮӣһȢеģ֪Լ϶ܲ˵ġ
һ꣬Ҳʮַգѵûʶÿĳ㲥ԽˣǰֻǰŰˣüΣȻǱʶġѵġ
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ȺѶ̬ҲֵĺܣʹΪƭŮͬѧЩҲţ·ֵƵġ
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ĳԽԽޣֳԺɶɵľޣĳ鵽󣬾ȻоһƵġеʱҲԼҲû뵽Լ仯ô
Ϊڳɫĳ࣬һ괴ҵķϣͱĳλǧϣܾ֮߳ŭͷչ˹Ѫľ飬ȻױƣɹѣȽϵùʱܵҩӰ졣
һоҪˣǵĹԢУԡ棬̱ȴҪըˣˮȲˡ
˵ҪΪҪҽû뵽ȴˮУ涯ְæ
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һˣǻعԢǻᣬоŤʧǣǻΪʧˣȥŮˣҶ֪ðο߳һβȷİ顣
ǱοŰοž͸о·Լʧһ飬ķǳ룬㱼·ÿ䶼ֳӰӣÿϸȥֲˡ
Ȼˣչİάָ֣óʲôҩôʳϢһжûжϣֻһеı˼еıķ
ʹϢҲֻǼ򵥵Ļظеʱɴ಻ظ·֮ĸѾ䵭Ƶġ
һ߳ȴڲ鿴ûзϢ
ôˣŮˣͬѧʵ
Ůѡ
Ŷѡ
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ǡҽܲˡǴ֮󣬳Ҳ㱹ԽԽ޷ƣֽҲģ壬ϱ˱ļ仹ڣΪٶ飬ȥнġ
ܲˣ˼ᣬĺϲ
һ㶣˵ʲôҲǡֻǡֻҵĶѡ
㲻˵Ļ㣬û㣬ܻбˣϲϵıȻʱһˣ㲻𣿡
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һ죬Ϣˡ
һҹδߣպ˹ڴϢϢּ˲鵽Ѿ˽ؼңҪǶ顣
ּᣬһ±ƵĿǰǱǿקϳģһȺıڣ˵ĸҪ֮ǰѾܾˣû뵽Էֱǿġ
ȻᣬӼʶּ˵ǿƣȻҪֱӾ͸ͷ飬ֱЦʲôʱܾתҪߣֵúܲģܷŭʱ
ͻȻӿһȺڣ·һ·Ƶġ
±ƵʱȻĿм˳ڳ˶˶ϲǳˣֻоʷͬ죬·ȫľ۹ƶϣҲҫۡ
Ŀżûôͷ·ʶһ֪ǳ飬ˣһ˲ȻһּͲ޳ˡ
ȵ·ɳĮпһ㣬ֱߵǰֵߡ
޷񣬵Ǳܵĸų뿪Ҫţȴߵıڵס
ۿסˣĸڿʼҿߣܡ
ᷳѣҪͻȻͱ뻳У˵ע£ʵƹ¡
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ɵˣɵˣһʱ䷴Ӧɳ鶯ֱɿž㵵Ĵ
ʱҪˣȻԺ鿪ڵమѾһˣܲǰŵκģԱٴǡ
飬ԺλСԸΪ̶ֳȡ
𾪵ĿУ˫ȷ뿪


280 
ֱϳ, Լ쵽Ҫĳոʲô
ͻȻ֣˵ʲô˼
оϵȶȶ, Ա߿, ֪Ա, ûоĴڸôǿ·רζƮ˹, Ĳҿ, ŵĻðˡ
ͻȻһأһ, ͷȥͿ鿿ļƣӡ
飿
Һ, ˯һ
ǵƵһᶯ˶ų˯ĸһ㣬ҲǸո·ɻǱ߷ɹҪʮСʱûеʱ, Բôɡ
żϵ, ܸоͷĲӡָо鸴, һԼԭλƯĸо⼸µĽƽϢˣȴоﲻ̫Ծˡ
ãȻǰõӾ׼ǣܴ濴
ֱİ, ǡȴһϤĸо񡭡ÿ˼л飬ı仯
ͻȻãˣ˳ĴϣɵԼҲ򴽡
మһ
Ǽٵİɣֻǳδ鷳ֶΣ֪ĽͣΪʲôȴڴһ˿ͬĴ𰸡
ڳ˵һ˲䣬ʧء
˹Ԣ¥£ȴѾ˯ţ˯İȣû취ֻܱ¥
Ѿȫѹģбؼҵ
ﻹֻң˷ڴϰúãȴûȥĿ˳һüͷԽԽľִ˳Ĵ꣬Ȼʧ˻һ£ǾڿҪӴ˲䣬ͻȻѹ˲ͷ󺹣Ȼ
ԼҪʲô˰죬ɫ԰׵Ҫľͺˡ
뿪ң˿ɳϣȴôҲ˯š
ոȷһ顣
ϲ˳ˡ
ǳŮѡ
ٴڳˡ
۾ЩɬҪؿеɬͷųȥȴԽԽܡ
ðɣȷʧٶҲġ
ͳʱ⣬ôһҹҹ˵ʱһˣϴ̻˵մһȻ壿
԰Ϊʲô壬ҹҹԶɣǲᡭڳ뿪ʱ䣬оꡣ
Ҳںܾúܾ֮ǰϲˣֻǡһֱûзӦѣΪֻ֪
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һԼеȴڣģгķ䣬˿ȴû⡣
ЩǿϤӰڳæµʵƽʱǲ̫ԱķĲˣһ㶼ǳ³Ϊĺóԣÿ޲ڣҲͱƻֻҪصԢ͸żҲ³һЩ򵥵͡
أЦûԶ˰ɣԷɣһҪȥѧУ
糿ŽߵϾⱿһͱˣͻȻȴҪȥѧУüҸջ㲻ң
ӲתƻˣͻȻǱߵĿγ̻ûнɣʲôʱȥ
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Ųһ٣ȻΪ˾
ЦȻҪңҲ㱻ץȥ
֪ͺá鲻ˬ£٣ȥѧУڼҡ
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ǰ·𿴵鼸ŭȻܵеη塣
ƽ
̿ûϢֵҲûˣôϲҪ˼Ůѹƽǲȿȿȣ϶ҲԸġ
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Ҳҭסˣ˵ԸˣһŮѲкԼֵǱƭˡˣȰˣ˸á˵Ůͬѧлˡֻ̻ǵֵܵģϾ˵궼Ϊĸ˵ϾͶ
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տ̯Ѿ˾ƿǴȵϡˣԽԽѣͺ
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һ㶣ոûԼˣΪͻȻһɳ嶯뿴궼ûмŮѵʲôӣҲĵĸףҲӷĵ뿪Ҳ֮뿴
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̶ӦҪ绰ˣһȻŮͬѧġ
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ת˲䣬ȴ֪һжˡ
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ԾǸ˳ıֻһװСϷˡ
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ЭˣʹԷˣʹΪ޷ˣҪΪԡ
֪ԪȼΪʲôľġôת뿪ǶĴ
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Ԫȼȴû߳ͱһȺסȥ·
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