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½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ

ԽҰѷɳ
:֮
ݼ飺1
λϵͳָ++ˬ
бָĸڤ X ɰɶСϣ
顿
ڤΣҼ̳ˣȴΪεĵܱܵѣ˴ɽ¡
ΪԼҪˣȴԼԽ˹ŴСϣˡ
ԽŴһףڤβɥ
λ潻ϵͳȻЩû⡣
桢裬ʥƷƷ˲ΣӦоС
˳˹顣
˰˵ĸڤΣҪԼСɡ
һƶϴû⣬һ
Ʒ˷Ǻð죬Űˬ졣
λ۸Ǻãǿ档
ڤΰԼҷɳ죬Ϊǧ򻧹ŮѼĽһԡ
ؼ֣ԽҰѷɳ죬֮壬ڤΣϣ


1 001
ʹøڤüͷϿյƣһ˿
ΪҼ̳ˣȻԼĵܸܵˡ
£˵Լ̳мҵ
£˵ȥ硣
ɶԷɲŹ
ԭЩ˵УȲϡ
ο
ȿȿȣҪ𣿡
ڤŬ۾ǻľʹԼʧԼܻˡ
ȻʱȴһҲ׼õҩ
Ҳ뿪õģһˣҲͦû˼ġ
µչ⣬Ѿʼůˡ
˵ůģȥϺص޷ʼ
ԶСҲʼѿŴİȻ
ϣһɽժҰˡ
ֲԶһѪܵ˺󣬲ɵþһʶĺ˰벽
žһʤ߼ϣŴҲŷˡ
ڤʶʱ򣬷Լڴϡ
磬磬
һСĺӣſڴϣڤǾϲС˳ȥ˵
ϣˮͰ£˳ԼСܵȥ
㣬
ŶԷӢ˧ݣϣʶĺ˺Щ˼˵
ΪСǵһμô˧ء
ȴˣöÿ
ڤζŶԷЩݻȴСŬң
ϣŶԷСıܿԷ˿ڣһЩ˵ˣϵ˺أúúһ
򣿡ڤüͷôʣٿŶԷЩ鲼·̽Եʵʲôꣿ
磬ñม
ոյСӶ֣Цʮ갡
ڤľ֣ɤӣŬסȣǣ
ļҴ塣
ϣסԼСܵ죬
ڤ㱣ǴԽˣ
û뵽Ǵһܿʱ
ڣĽһֱǿ
û뵽󣬾Ȼ˸ˡ
ллңЩˡ
ڤɫɲ԰ףҪһ顣
ϣͷԼСܣϢһҩ
ȵԷȥ󣬸ڤԼ΢ͬʱҲ˿
ãλϵͳڡ
һֱЯһλϵͳ֮ǰƾԼĵλݣλ˲ٽס
ҺЩ߸ˣɱ֮ĸ졣
ڤһ˿ҲȺ˲ûаԼˡ
һеĸյУڤβ˼ΧĻ
һʮƾɵСݣڵİͿԿˡ
ǸӣԼҩ𣿡
ϣС˵
ڤοԷŬԼºͺࣺܶԵġ
ǺãȺȡ
ϣͷ˼ȴţɽһҩü
Է壬Ǻܺá
ڤεͷҽиڤΣʦĸڤڤΡ֪γ
ңҽϣ
ϣŴ꣬ɽϷģҪ֪ͨļ𣿡
ڤҡҡͷҪģûмˡ
ԲҼҰɣúˡ
ϣһ£Ŵ꣬¶˵
һһӣȻܻ⵽顣
ǣһʤ߼ԷûмˣܸܲҶԷȥ
ллڤûгǿĿ޵ڶԷЩƵ·ӹ·ʵϵͳռһСӳ֮ǰұٷ˴٣û˴**ңôһЩ͵ҵҽҩѡ
˵ԣ
ϻˣҪβˡ
ռƵϣΪ˲˻ɣʱǳҩ
⣬ⲻУ̫ˡ
ϣʶҡҡͷŴ۾ҩǮҲûôġ
ʣµģ͵סǮ
ŶԷӣڤβɵЦЦǿӲĽһСԷУ͵óЩõһ
ϣŴ꣬Щᣬ뵽ʲô漴ͷǺãպһὫõǮ㡣
״ڤβɵЦЦ
ֱǰˣ̰С˵ˡ
ЩҩڤҩЧ˳˯


2 002Խ
˯źĸڤβ֪ΪĴڣϣĸ˵һ١
ϾһһӣһңҪñ֪ˣٻЩл
ˣҵģϣϣҲǺġ
ĸԼСĸ˵
Σֻǿϣ´Σ飬һҪ߰ð
ϣŴӦ£лл֪ˡ
ΪڤθǮܶ࣬ϣҲ˫ף㽫һСϽˡ
ͱˣ㰢ڡ
ĸϣ궼ʮˣٹͳˣҲ࿴˼ˡ
Ҳˣڼǡ
ϣ΢΢죬Լϡ
֪ΪһС϶Ҫ˵ġ
룬޸ʶûֻһˡ
ʿ˿ɫ鲻ʱ쵽ˣȳԷɡ
ԣȥ
ϣͷ˳
ĸһԼɷؿһۣ͹
ǾôһС˭
ЦЦЩ˵
׺һСȻʱʮһСӣ˲ûΪСӵĳͺ˴ӡ
Ц⣬뵽ʲôüͷҵģǿӣպˣ˸ӵģլ֪ˣֵòͣˡ
İɣġ
ȻЩ񣬵еľеġ
Ǻò״լֳȥˣôܻլմϹϵ
һǰķּңӦ˵ǵϳŵ飬Ƿǵء
ڤ󣬱ŵһ㡣
ˣ
ʶŷˣĸڤΣЦʵ
ڤûлشֻЩɻĿԷ
ʣҴӾ㡣
ʼ򵥵ĽһԼ󽫷˷һԣ˵úúţ˰ﵽףЩӣͺúڼš
ϣϣˣûмˣҲֿġ
лĲ
ڤεͷҲûԷһɨա
ʱڤһֱˡ
ʱҲ˽⵽һЩ
粻һŮˡˡС
ϣСѹֶԷ֮ǰһֱнӴ
СҪ˵ġ
ڸڤòһ£üкģСҺûб綨ΪСȻ޶ûؿȥ
磬Ҳ𣿡
ССȣųĸڤΣ߹ȥŴ۾ʵ
ڤοŶԷЦЦһɹ̫ǰ
Сһ棬òã
СſһԣЦЦ˵ίСİûС档
ڤνԷЩݵСΪʲôûС棿
⺢̫̫СˣһҲĺӡ
ȥɽˡ
СЩίգգۣһҲѹΪȥҳԵġ
֪ʱϣͻȥɽһЩҰʲôġ
ڤһ£ת뵽Է϶ûǮ
ԣǸ档
ڵѾ˺ܶˣû˵ͷֻƤЩء
Сһ⻰˵֡
ʷȥũˣϣȥɽˣֻڡ
µͷɹ˺ڤζ˶Ѿ۵ȣ˴㡣
Сһˡ
ϣű¨ţЦ˵
ڤοŶԷϸһ㱡һ˫Ƶ۾ģһ˲䣬ƺʲôġ
磬ô´ˡ
ϣԺĸڤΣ¨£߹ȥ˵
ǰ˶еĽ֮ɫڤιǣЦ£Ѿ˺ܶࡣ
ǾͺãҪעϢ
ϣûв׽ԷЩɫһԵССڼչ˸磬ġ
СҲǿա
СЦЦС˵
ǰһһСڤر
Ҳֵ֮顣
еĸ̲࣬ŲʣܴܵĻǣϲ
緹󣬸ڤνϢĿյλ潻ϵͳ
Լ֮ǰ洢Ķ룬˵ҩȥ
ڵʺףڽλæµ
ȵ˵ҩԺ󣬸ڤλһᣬ⼸˲ٵҩڳϵͳڵҩǺõòˡ


3 003Ұ
ϣϣѾˣһ磬ҸһɽҳԵġ
ڤΪһӣҲûʲôˣôöԷһСΪһҵĳʳء
磬廹أɽ̫Σˡ
ϣǺͬ˵
ڤЦЦİɣĺˡ
ﶼһˣ֮ǰЩӣһӹƶϡ
Ǻãҵĺ棬ܡ
ϣûʲôˣɫܼᶨҲ˼پܾˡ
ڶһ磬ڤαϣȥˡ
֮ǰˣ·ǵĲһʾͰԼ·͸˶Է
ֱϣӼϸڤ˳£Էߵ·
ɽ̫Σˣǧ߰
ϣĶԷ棬ɽȥǿɾ̫Σˡ
ڤЦЦİɣһظ󡣡
ϣ⻰ɵһ졣
ɽ˹䣬¶࣬ǳʱҰҲǺܶ࣬˵ʲôˡ
ꡣ
ڤһϣ˸ı־
ϣЩ˶ԷĻƵ˺档
ȵʮԺ󣬷ֲԶһֻС͵ҰҰ˳ԡ
ڤε۾һԭ̬ҰҪ֪ļʱ䣬Ȼ˵Ҳ⣬֮ǰԵ⣬ǿԺԲƣͲҪˡ
𶯣
ڤѧȭģȼҽʱרŽԼλռĴ˳
֮ǰһĽʱ򻻵ģԷĶᣬʮַ
ڿҰˣڤεȻöԷߵġ
ϣŶԷĶˣѹֶԷ֮ǰһֵİóģԭǵͦġ
ϣȻƽɽϾǼҰˣʱŪ壬ץһЩСҰСҰʲôģҰĲ֣͵һԼСûˡ
ڤֱǰŴ󿳵ȥ
ֻСҰֻٽӦǳʳġ
ڤξ٣ҲⰡ
ϣ֪Լʵ϶Ϻȣһֱںţһ˵ľʱʱذæһ¡
ȻʲôãôܹҰһ˺
ڤεֻǺܲģСҰʱ򣬻ġ
ڤŴ󿳵ҰϿ˼£ʹҰʹذһسŶԷķȥ
ԶϣŷҰĶҪһȥˣʮֵĽš
ųҰڤβûкˣȥһֱĨҰĲӡ
ҰĨ˲Ӻ󣬽һڵأ鴤˼£㲻ٶˡ
ϣһ߹Ұ۾ֱ磬̫ˡ
û뵽ԷȻҰ£ܰҰɱоȴԻҪ
ڤЦЦȻȥɡ
ΪҰҲͲʺɽҶˡ
ϣͷģ磬ǲǻ书
ȻĻԷôᷭȥأ
˵书
ڤЦҡҡͷ书Ѿûġ
ûϾ֮ǰѧҲֻȭĶλѡ
ϣЦЦҲ˰
ˣƽҪǿҰ˵ǰˣûܾͲˡ
˿һǰҰһ£ֱһһֻţɽȥ
ûнˣֻСҰҲٽǶһҲǺܷʡ
Щ⣬ļ˵ѾǺܲˡ
۲ۣ
ֹϣ˵
ϣҡҡͷ۵ģҰôѪˣȻĻѪҲͦ鷳ġ
ڤһЦűҰݹúܽʵҰӣš
ǲԷںʰЩѪֱӱĴֵָ⣬˿ڷȻÿݲݹһȦһȦ֤Ѫ˲̧ߵġ
ȻЩ£ҲѪܵһ·ǿöࡣ
ɽ˲඼׼ȥɻ
ǿŸڤκϣȻ̧Ұʱɵõɴ۾
ģϣ˲ð
Ұɣû뵽ϣȻҰ˰
ҰǺܷʰ
˿ϣ˵š


4 004
Ŵ˵ĻϣڨڨЦЦǸ򵽵ģҡ
ЩӣҲ֪ˣļҴɽ˸˻û뵽ԷȻô
ϣϣӣ
׼ȥͻȻҰŵؽһ
ϣԼһѡ
Ӧĳͷĸϣϣϣϸ첲ϸȵģôеȥŪ
ҵĴ
ڤѾˣûȥжԷ
ʲػӻ֣ϲ⣺ߣȻؼȥ
ϣһЦֱۣǿȥɣСһˡ
첲ðɣ
ĸԼҴӣĵʵ
ϣҡҡͷûʲôģֻЩᣬʵֻҰصġ
ĸЦЦȻȥϴһ¡
϶ŪûͷģҲϴһ»·
ɱ飬ͽʾͿˡ
ܾûôֹˣƽﶼæŴ֣˴ҰȻȥһˣ˵Է׵ķϣԼļ۸Ұء
ڤκʽҰ̧ؼУڼˣСŶԷ̧ҰȵҪ
Ұˣ
СҰ۷⣬żе
첲ЦЦ㰢ҿûôı£㸵硣
ڤβ˲ϵĺˮҰɱ𣿡
Ȼڤλԣɱֻƣû
ЦЦû⣬ϣϣȥˮ
ھȥ
ϣӦ£˵˵
Ұȥָģ뻹һأͷǺõİ
Ұﶼæµ˹֣ҪҰ
ʣڤȻ裬ȴڶԷİ°æ
ŪѪεƤʿ֮ǰͰɱɵؽš
磬ǽǲܳ˰
СĿҰʿˮЦʵ
ϣϧԼСܣû˵ʲôһϢĸڤξͰѶԷٸ߸ߣѽˣС˲
Сصصͷˣ磬СһЩ
û⡣
ڤЦЦûָҰûǮļҵƽԵļˣĻҲһ²ųôһΡ
Ŷõ⣬ڤοһԵĸĸЩǿŷ֣Ըദúõ˷һЩȻ̫ҲǳԲġ
ĸЩԥɵǲǲ̫ãϾģҪڴǮ
ãûҪڤЦҡҡͷϣϣҲңҲϣϣĹ͡
ϣЩ˼ЦЦףȻ綼ô˵ˣ̫˾ˡ
ĸЦЦãҾллˡ
˵ţļҷţһЩõ˼һЩָļլǱһЩ
һֻҰȥӰ˵ģʣһʮ
լǱ߷˶ʮʮͷָļҸͷʣ໹һٽӡ
ʱʵĵ￴ϣ͹Ұص˵ͷ
ϴҵȻֳȥˣû
ȻĻǾҪȥһֵġ
үү̣ǲܳ˰
ļ϶Сӿô⣬۾ֱˡ
̫̫ϧԼұӣ⡣
һվһŮ⣬Цģȴ̽ϣϣҰж󰡣
ϣһۣޱ飬үү̣Ȼ͵ˣҾˣﻹҪæ
үӲػӻ֣ϣֱ뿪ˡ
һԵĸŮЩѿȴû˵ʲôȥڰš
뿪լϣ˿תؼˡ
ڤС棬ϣǰˣ
ϣͷˡ
ʱĸҲ·ϣһҿƾɲţỽһ
ɩӣ𣿡
ĸЦŽе
ˣԷЦЦﰡ
ĸЦЦҲûԺӣӸ층ӴҰ⣬Щ
ɩӶһ£΢˼ǰΧȹ֣̫ˣԼų԰ɡ
㻹ʲô
ĸЦţֱӽﻹأҲ˲СҲû¾Ǽȥ
Ҳ߶Сء
ɩЦЦҲûƴˣ͹ͷ
ĸ궫󣬾Ҫȥˡ
ɩҵĶʵ˼ҶģˣǼұȽϿһЩ
ҰĸҲ˿
͵ĶǵּҺ󣬸һЩ˼ң֮ǰûʲôûرģý軨׷ˡ
յ˼Ҷ˵ýļǸģһССҲˡ


5 005仧
ҰҲвٵķ⣬ϣȫը͡
ŪҰʱصɻˡ
ȻˣҰ⻹ʣٵģ£΢΢ġ
ڤνһЩķ߸ϣŪһЩ⣬ĻҰܱһЩʱ䡣
ææŪһ磬ϣ緢ӳԼٷ֮ٵĳգһٷʢ͡
ϣϣĳվǺá
س˿⣬޵
ϣЦЦԼСܼвˡ
ڤҲЦ⣬Էĳȷʵͦġ
ļҳԷʳԣڤԼĴ㣬һ֮ʣ壬Ҳ֪ǹһˣڴ仧ʲôҪע𣿡
һˣȥ峤
ʵͷ滹ЩûŪҰ͹ͷȻڤξļҴסµĻǿ϶Ҫһµġ
ԣһԵϣͻȻЩʧ䣬ָоֻһ
ڤЦŵͷ£ԸǷӣʱ˰æҶԴ˲ϤҪ鷳æһ¡
ЦЦɵǷӿҪѲǮġ
壬ͷİɡ
ڤЦЦѾƵĺð취
Թ緹ϢһᣬʱʮʮŹǣȥ˴峤ҡ
ļҴĴ峤ߣﻹש鷿ڴʮֲˡ
Ŷһ˿죬ٿһ۸ڤΣЩ㵡
ˣһͲͨ˰
û뵽ϴôиȻ˶Է
Ĵ峤￴⣬Цúϲ£죬ǿʰžţʲô񰡡
ЦЦһԣӦõģҪһ¡
ʰȱ衣
峤ЦЦŶԷ֣Ц˵
ǰЦЦŴ峤壬ǸڤΣ;һˣ·ϵʱ٣ʲôûˣ仧Ƿʲô³𣿡
峤ڤΣСϴҰ
峤ãǸڤΡ
ڤЦŵͷҽһ¡
ЦЦǸˣˣҲãҰһ죬ûʲôȻĻȺСܹ򵽵İ
ȻӦǺõģеǫ黹Ҫеġ
峤ЦЦ仧ѣд仧ƾ֤ȥŪһ¾Ϳˣ˰ӣϾרŪ仧ĵطˣʡϰղ¡
ãǾ鷳ˡ
ЦŵͷŸڤʹ˸ɫ
ڤҲЦЦСӾлл峤ˡ
峤ذڰ֣д˶Է
ˣôˣ
峤˿Լ๫뿪ıӰʵ
峤ȿڲ裬⸵СӲǼ򵥵˰
峤Ҳתͷ˿˸ۣȥİɣ⻰㶼˵ʮˣˣȥʰ⣬ϸǼӲ͡
ļҺ͸Сӻ涮£ʮʮͷܹԲٶٵˡ
˻ȥ󣬸ڤοֽϵ֣֪ôݣȻôˡ
ʶɣ
ʿһֱ֣ЦЦϷӣ峤ǴΨһʶֵġ
ڤζ˶٣Ǵзӣ
ʵͷǰǼҺһţңкŵļҡ
ڤ˼֮ǰ˫ʿû뵽ﾹȻ˰ä
Ҳúúö顣
֪ǲΪԽԭڵӣʮģ
˱ˡ
û˼ꡣ
ȻڤѾõ˴峤д飬ôҪȥŪһˡ
ŴûţԸڤҪͽ߹ȥ
ڶһ磬ڤαˣʻϣȥϡ
ԭֻʴŸڤȥģϣþûȥˣҲȥ棬һҪš
ʱ򣬴˲඼ˣ˴ЩˮֱӲȥˡ
ļҴΪˮǱһܿĺӣΪźӣˮʵЩ٣ÿ춼й·Ĵֻͣ١
ҪҪǷӵĻǴﻹеط𣿡
ϣ첽ظˣ
ЦЦۼҵţңҪ𣿡
ǼҵķӶͦƣʱͬػһˣֱƵظǡ


6 006
ԼҰĻϣˣţҵķͦġ
ڤβϲĻͿԼ빤˸Ƿӡ
ڤ˳ż䣬һǸӣʣ壬ǼҲҪǸˣ
ԡЦЦҴϣȥǼʣҪĻֱƵǾˡ
ڤЦӦ£˱ֱӳȥˡ
ļҴˮԶ߰·̣·ĻҲͲСʱ
ôԶ·û
ĵؿһԵϣʵ
ϣҡҡͷûá
ʱǳԹģʳﲻˣʡһһ١
ڤһʱĵ̶ҵˣŲԶǮׯ˹ǣ壬ϣϣȵһ¡
ʸһۣЩ׶ԷҪʲô
ڤνǮׯ󣬻ԼԼĽ˳һһЩӺͭ塣
ȻҪȥŪٲҪǮͬʱЩŵˣôҲϼǮ
ҪǸţӣǮ϶Ҳٲ˵ġ
λϵͳвٵĽӣȻҲóˡ
õҲ࣬ҲһСѣ˵ע⡣
ŶԷǮׯɿȥַɿسЩ¡
壬ϣϣȥ緹
ڤλ˻ͭ壬Ц˵
һۣСӣƲ¶
ڤҲܵ˵ߣЦЦߣԼӣ壬ͷİɣܸɵõһֻҰҪдģ֪˭˭ء
⺢ӡ
εЦЦȥ˰̯ϣ˷ࡣ
Ȼ緹ʿûԷˣڤκϣһǸء
ˣԵʮ࣬󣬸ڤνʮ˵ҡ
Աˣڤβž̹һЩ
۲ذӲһģӲġ
ϵǮԳһӶû⡣
ȥźϣ˵󣬺Ĵ
ʱԼ⣬ŵ˵СǮд飬ӡȻͿˡ
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µĵطҲ飬ֻҪд峤飬ǲһҲû顣
ڤȻص˵ͷȻˣҪĴתһת
ϣͬصͷתһתɣþûˡ
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иػӲҪġ
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ҵĺƾˣͬլػĻʮˡ
ʹһ£ڤֻӣض֮ǰȷʾҪ
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ԥһ£ͷҲãǲҪܣˣҡ
ĴţҾûԶȥ̽̽Ҳá
Ȼ֪ΪʲôڤôǮԷܹóҲʡ
ϾԷͲǸͨġ
ıٷ˴ˣϿ϶ҲЩġ
ϣһ⻰۾һǲܵġ
ڤҲͷʾԼῴŶԷġ
С˼ĸڤΣĲûб仯ֻǿ֮ǰһЩڸǲϵ֮
ڤοһϣȥʲô
ϣŶԷʵ˼ЦЦɣ磬ûʲôҪģ
ڤЦЦУһῴһЩ
ļסôʱ䣬һ˶ܺãҲûˣչ
֮ǰС飬Ҳû꣬õҲˡ
֪ļƽҲ٣ԸڤǼЩ
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ڤЦӦ£Ϲ
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ֻڤοŸ߸˵ϣû˵ʲôֻЦЦ
ϣʵö࣬ȴûʲô
ֻһ̯ϣС˸С⡣


7 007ŵ
ϣĶڤζһ£ϣϣĶˣ
ϣͷˣȥȰɡ
ڤЦЦϷʣһûð
ϣһ㶣̧ͷԷ磬Ҫʲô
ڤЦЦָŲԶĵط߰ɡ
ϣŶԷӣг³ЬһЩ
ˣûʲô·
ϣ΢յԴ磬ºܹģҪ򲼣ؼ
ڤҡҡͷ·̫۾ˣУһҪҿ۰
ϣעһ¾ͱתˣظû⣬ҿǸҰѧ˿۵С
ڤΰԼ£˫Ьӣְgv,avƬ55Ԫ ؼ45ߣ22.4.14-5.1ް׿΢lyx775 153 909ӺСҲ
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ԷĿۼһ
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ԷʶСѼ޸ֻһҰ
ڤЦŵͷչôʱ䣬Ҹñһҵл⡣
вУ̫ˣԲС
ϣҡͷ֮ǰѾлˡ
ڤЦЦͷϣϣɡ
Ǯ˵ĲҪŵļҵˣƽõó
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˵Լл֮£ϣл㱵ѡһӺһڡ
ǸСӺԱߵϡ
ڤοһʺСϣֱϡ
СϲüЦֱӵϣСλ
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СٵţʮСֱΪʮĨͷһʮ
ϣ۾һɣ̫ˣڡСҪ΢һЩġ
̫̫ˣҲ̫˰ɡ
ҪǱ֪ʮ˸Էһġ
ڤοŶԷӣЦЦġ
˵ţӶﵽƱݸС
СӦ£ɿǮ
˵˿϶ͨˣóʮƱͨˣ
ù󰡡
ϣ۵ÿǰĺӣʮپװ
ŶȥţûһͿˡ

ϣЩ㱵ԴڻعˣŶԷҪȥţǩ飿
ЦЦȻȥ˵ǻشӿӵ㡣
ʵǾǿֵǮҲż


8 008Сл
ڤЦŵͷãڻȥɡ
ԷĻҲеǰ취
˭ҪӵģʵڲУͻǮլأԼǾͿˡ
Ӧ£ϷʵؿһԵϣϣϣôĶô˽Ǯǲ˰
ôͣɲҪһٶİ
ԣϣһӾͺˣһԼҵġ
ʰһڤΣСİ
ڤЦЦ壬ǼҳԺסôʱ䣬ֻЩͣġ

ϣĺԼҰȰȰ磬ȥ˻ü̫ˡ
ʿԼҶһżӣٿڤһȻش򿪺ӣһӾͱŵˡ
⣬⣬Сӣ㲻ӵǮ˰ɣ
ʱθŵˣЩΣʮ𰡡
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Ķ٣Ҫ·Ļͦ۵ġ
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ĸһ˺󣬸˵˵
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磬һΪǽ粻ء
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ĸЦЦĶ۵ҵģͻأôʲô
ʲôĿɹˣôôడ׻ûء
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һ⻰ĸ۾һɣһϣŭôúӸǮأզô찡
ʽӷԼĸ첲ϣҴˡ
һԵĸڤοһ˴֣ɵЦЦȻļͥ
ӣԼҪģ顣
ڤεȻҲܿŶԷԩʰ֮ǰ˵˵һ顣
ĸһ⻰ٿԷ˿СǮҲôػǷӣҪǮպҪȢϱʲôģǮвУˣ̫ˡ
ڤЦЦûҪƾݡ
֮ǰСƾݵʱûҪöԷ˺ˡ
ʱСƺܾȣǿһϣʲô˸ڤεĻ
ĸһ⻰ε̾˿ȻСӣôܲҪƾء
εƷƾݵġ
Էô˵ʵֻΪǰĶѡ
ڤβЦЦС֡
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죬
С۾һڤΣصصͷСϲлл硣
ڤͷְԼ·Щó


9 009Ѱұ
ϾУӺϣϣ·Ь࣬Ҿ͸СһЩ
ڤνǵ·Ь˳ܲҶ·
ۣ·ˣ·ˡ
С˵֪ļֵ֪·
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ӰʮĵֻҪһ£һͷţܵοֻҰء
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ɽ˵ҰԼײˡ
Ұսλϵͳ󣬵ΧڤβſʼװƣҰ
ڤһǱͷɽ


10 010
ϣСӣôˣ
峤˿ڤκؿ۲ϳ
֮ǰıڵĸСӿݵģΪܹϳˡ
ڤЦЦװ۵ڵطӣͷȥҽһҼһֻҰʵϲˣ鷳һˡ
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ʼҾ͵ǸСӰ
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ģڤοӺãǸڤΣҰɲҴģҶϣײԼײˡ
ԭڼеţһţɵ֪ڤִҰʮּ
⸵СӣǸǰ
壬ӣ
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һ⻰ﶼ˰
ˣˣļҴСô
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֡
СһЦΧķ羰۷Ź⣺һǵһγأԺҲҪ档
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СصͷգҼˡ
ڻСȻһȥˣҪȥĻҲҪŰǵġ
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ȻҰ٣Ǽ۸ҲֵǮ˲ΣϾܹҵ˲ε˲డοҰɽأ


11 011ӵ
˲κҰԺ󣬸ڤŶһõӱʻȥˡ
ôļҴһֱƽ
ԴӸڤԺ󣬲Ұһҵ˲ΣֱǴ¼
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˺Ϳֵ£ٽʱţȻشӴڽˡ
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ټϸڤǮҲںȥġ
ãллˣȥȥ
ڤεͷصԼķ䣬װȥӡ
ʵӶλϵͳ棬ϵҲֻ࣬װӷ˷
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Ĵţ̾˿Ƶ£ӰǶ飬һӰϣܹҫ氡
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ʱӷĸڤΣͦ仰ӵݹȥЦǽ°һгϢġ
ĴţЦЦӹԷӣǾͽСļˡ
ȻŻѾλˡ
ֱȥ峤ңдһ飬ʾǮһʽݣһһݣһݷڴ峤


12 012լ
ȵĴţ뿪󣬸ڤαȥһԼֵķˡ
ſһȦڤοһԵʣ壬רŸǷӵ˰ҵͼֽǷӡ
˶ǮǴ˾ͿԣͼֽҪ㽲һ¡
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Ǵ˸ǷӣҪǶרŸǷӵˣǶǮ
ŶԷӣһԵĸڤβɵһЦǺãһЩ˰ɣǮʲô㶨ҲǺ˽⡣
ﻹǲ˽⣬ֻʱȷʵҪһϾƵͼֽǴִԪصġ
һӦ£˱߱ģڤζδҲڴˡ
£ˣҲԿʼ׼Ƿˡ
֪ڤҪ˸Ƿӣ˶ʮֵĸˣϾŸθǷӵĻҲж룬˵ҲǷǳֵø˵һ顣
ڤβǸСģպҪ¸ʵĸһЩСݣҸһ֮ǰ˲κҰǮĴ
ԺӵͼֽƺԺ󣬸ڤα㽻ʣöԷ顣
ԷڴôˣҲ֪֪ףȻæ˶һЩҺʵġ
ڤǷֺܸשߵģȥѯһЩǮֱ˵˴
ԭΪԷֻǸӣû뵽ȻҪשһʮ־ȣ֪϶ԷжǮҲʹӦˣϾǴһЩķӣ˵ϱ
Ǯ鶼ڤĿҸٵķԼȥ󻧼Ҷһͷ˼Ӳ͡
˸ɻȻԵⷽǲʡġ
壬һ
ϣŲԶĴЦʵ
ĴӵϹԷضӻҲ꣬СڲԶصط档
аллϣϣˡ
Ĵͷ볯ŶԷ졣
һĹ˼״ҲҪٶһ
ǸһϵĻͿʵò
ϣÿ˶װЦЦ˵Դײ˶⣬м˰ͷ׷ٹһʱͿԳԷˡ
Ϣ˾ץʱɻȥ
ĴЦЦŲԶ˵
ððⰡ
⸵СӲǸʮʵ˰
԰ҲԵĺãɻŸɾ
Це˵ţϢһᣬȻظ˻
ϣʰһ£СͻӻصԼļ
ڤڼŸǺ÷Ҫʱ䣬ǮģԹҵĶࡣ
ȻҪס£ȻԽѷӸǳԽá
ϴҵģϴҵġ
ĸ׼ʱլǱߵ˾Ȼˡ
ڳĸüĿһתȥˡ
ʲô𣿡
ĸΧȹϲ˲֣ſڵˣޱʵ
̫̫ŶԷӣ˵ϴڰŸǷӣһʮģǰͶҲȥ
һʮģɲһСְ
˵ǸҪһ£һ¾ģǱٹǮ
ҪǣͰû⣬Ҳģ϶ͷҲȥʡ˲ٷ
Сǵķӣûа취ҵҲֻȥæ
ĸȻӦ嶼ˣ͵ģҪöԷȥæˣ˵ֻǹԹǮȴ¡
һԷܾĻ̫̫ɫˣüԵģǲľѵС¶ԷӦ£ǰ׾ˡ
˵ϴҴɽ͵ǸСǸбµģŽϴҵľ֮ӶԷŪЩôء
һûа׾ⲻǵ顣ôʱڤδЦһǣмҺȷǲǼҵȥ԰׷ġ
֮ǰӴ˵ֻƬ˽ļլˣɲʲôö
ڤȻģɲ˴⡣
ϣǸСӰ
̫̫ԭ뷢ڤԺ۾һͰؿԷ
û뵽⸵Сôʣ϶ҵĴѾͷҲ˵׵Ľ׶ΣôΣб£ҪǳԼŮǾռˣ


13 013̫̫С
ڤֱӺ̫̫ǶĸӣѾˣҪ鷳Ūһˡ
ҪŬɻڤεȻôСǮ
㽫ӸǺãҲԼ˽˿ռ䣬ôλϵͳʹãҲ͸ӷˡ
áĸͷ̫̫ҪȥæˣͲд͵ˡ
˵ţֱӽһŸڤΣСȰ͵ȥ
ڤεͷ·̫̫Ķʱؿһۡ
ǻǻȥɡ
Ķڤεŵˣ̫̫˵
겻ǸǵģԷǸбµģһ˶Է͵òʧˡ
ĵӡ
̫̫һԼĶϱͣǻǲǺ䣿
Ķû뵽ԼﾹȻ⣬뵽ʲô۾һ԰ҪŮǵТǣ
ƯԷһϲϻʱǮǻ˵㣿
԰ɣǸġ
̫̫һЦƺѾõԷΪļŮˡ
ʱ򣬶ԷʲôҰ˲Ǯǵģ
һ̫̫һȣ۵⸵СӾǲᵱңôǮŲ𣿻Ҫשͷ
ҪǶԷǮʡǾͺˡ
ĶͬĵͷߵָһڤβóּңȻǵиС
ȥĴҵĸڤοɲ֪ԼĻ¾ôˡ
Ҫ֪ģǾԾͲһˡ
硣
ϣǣСȥ˺˸
ڤοŶԷԵСЦЦֿϣϣϣȲȣ
ãһ㡣
ϣɰЦЦ˲ԼǼϵı
ڤοŶԷСģɵһЦϷƵĴ·ЩİǣȻˣóֵĶûг֡
ϣϣ졣
ڤοŶԷЦЦ˵
ϣԣǹԹԵˡ
ǷڶԷڤָСͶιһСҲԣǡ
ϣǣ۾һ磬ġ
ãǺٻгԵǵʱҲͷڻˣŪһˮǷǳˡ
磬ôΣСϲ
СҲ˵òˣŰǡ
ŹЦЦһԵĸСͷϵá
ĸû뵽ȻᣬɵЦЦڰ֣ǲǣҼСû˵ء
ԷĻȴڳȴС˵һ
ϣȻҲˣҲ˵ʲôֻǵͷֻ糺ĶѾ¶˶Է̬
ڤαСǴһ˿Ц⡣
ԭϲû뵽Сô򵥵һʱ䣬ϣķǳɰ
ɷϣȷʵĶˡ
磬ôİ𣿡
Сɲ״˵飬ֻǿԼҸ磬ʵ
ϣһ٣ڶϸڤεˣСûǡ
ĸôܲ˽ԼҺأŶԷӣˡ
ֻҲò׼ǵȹʱ˵
˵ԼСǳڤҲǳб£浣ֻԼСһԸ
һ˽͵ңһθǷҵ˲٣ҪĸһĻǿ϶ǲеģ̫ˡ
ȵ궫󣬴ֱӻȥˡ
صԼķ󣬸ڤνŴϣֱӴλϵͳ
λϵͳǸڤʮʱõģֻǸʱҲֻżŻһá
Ͼʱʲôȱ
һԼλ㳡ϵ˲ѾˣɵЦЦ
ȻȻǿ˲ͷеλ˵˵ϡƷĻǺܿġ
սԼλ洢󣬸ڤα㿪ʼλ泬С
кܶණҰ˲εǮȻ٣һӡ
ǵһӪĶȻˣڤοɴûдίԼӪҲԼġ
Ҫǣڤδȥ飬֪ҪȥŽϸߵĵλƾ٣õĴѡ
ôǸ߲ŹĿı죬ķЩǲʶģֻҪŬûʲôġ


14 014
硣
ССøڤεţȴʮֹɵص棬ûֱӽȥؽ˶Էһ
ڤ˶Էλ洢ǹó
Щǹ֮ǰķģ֮ǰһλ棬ԵĺӺϲ֮ǰǸطǹҲ˲١
û뵽ЩǹЩݳƷ
Сôˣ
ڤδţſڵСЦЦԷͷ
СﴽһЦŶԷ֣Ҫȥ岮ͷҪȥ𣿡
ȻȥСȥȥ
ڤˣŶԷųȥ
С§ŶԷĲӣͷСҪȥӸҲڡ
ڤЦЦ֪ǸлӵСĴңҲҵĺӡ
󣬻ӵԸҲãСҲͦõġ
ϣϣơ
ڤοϣҪ׼ųˣС
ϣŶԷЦЦҲûƴǣãлл磬һԷš
С˵ķˣЩ
ڸǲԶҲͼ·ԺϣԼҰӻ֣λ岮Ϣһɣ緹ˡ
ЦЦһԵ˻ӻ֣ϢˣԳԷˡ
ʱŻҲˣķ˶һģֱӸ˿ʼװ
Ա˲ɻڤҲǿ˵ˣѹĶ׷ͷܹοˣԵʮֵ㡣
壬ȣҪòܰѷӸ
ڤζЩǲô˽⣬ֱӶһԵʵ
ЦЦ˿ڲˣ°ɡ
ڤһ£ˣЦЦãǾ鷳ˣôҲҪżҪ
ӵеݱڤ֪ӸǺԺ϶ǵ˳ԸģûԼѡϾոյˣʶҲôҡ
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ӸǺúһ죬ķǳãǰһ뻹ϸ꣬ȻȵǿʱѾ˴̫ˡ
֮ǰôСҲɹˣ涼ǸģһϵҪǵģļҴһϰס
֮ǰڤαȥһЩǣлͭ壬һЩŰװСĺСͷֻ٣ͼ
ȵһ죬ĴʿԱߵĶֽգֱӿʼˡ
ĺ֪һҪؾһԵˡ
ϣСûжЩ涼УڤרһԼԡ
磬Ҳȥ
ȻС֪Уմ֡
ϣЦЦƨɣԼעⰲȫСһЩֻ棬Ⱥ֪𣿡
ССҪǲСˤˣǾ鷳ˡ
磬Ҿ
СԹԵصͷһԵĻӣֱվȺΧ
ĴݶϣԼҵĺӣһۣɵЦЦʱ򣬻ǻһЩ
ȻҲִ֪磬κҲûڼˣ˿ԱǵĺӣҲʶȤûǰ
ڤ׼ĶʮֵĶ࣬ʶʮﲻֹ
ѽСǸ󷽵ѽȻͭ塣
ѽѽͭѽҿѽ
ۣСͷǷͷ
ףͭ尦
ѽСӣԺడ
궫˿һԵĸڤΣ˵ϲ
Ҫǽĸڤ̫ˣһЩ˵Ựˣ춼˼ˡ
󲿷ֵ˶ͬ飬ܲסÿÿ˰
һʮͭ壬㹻һˡ
ڤֻЦЦȴû˵ʲô
ⶥһ֮ڣеĶŪˡ
ʹõĲ϶Ƿǳʣκεкʣֻͨ磬ڤα·ӡ
¼ҵĵһ죬ҪǨġ
ڤ룬ջûôˡ
һҡĴһңԼ֮ǰ﹤˻д峤һҡ
ŸڤŵˣвˣоͰļլˡ
ȻǶȵˣҲûпڤε
⸵Сӣϰװ
̫̫ڤûһȥԷúܡ
⸵ڤΰ϶ŮˣȻǰֺǣպԵͷ
߶ŵĸڤΣڼſˡ


15 015Ǩ
˳Էڤĸһģ˵ջʮֲģټϻϣİæȫæù
ڤڿ棬һŲˮ졣
ȻˣڤҲǴ˾ƻڻûеԷĵ㣬Ҳûкȡ
һθڤθǷӣĴҳ˲ٵڤĻǺܸжġ
ڷҲǺˣڤҲԼĴˡ
һθڤν˲κҰǮ󲿷ֶǻ˷ϣԺĹСӣ԰ͤӣȵȶô˴һ
ϾķڣǿһЩǮ˲סġ
Լ飬ҲǸ̾ȴûб˵ĵġ
ڸڤν֮ǰ˲εǮĲˣʵЩĵġ
ڶԷǵĶԷպûǮ˿ô찡
СѽʲôѽⷿҲˣҪʲôӪ𣿡
ʺ˿ڲˮŸڤ˵
ڤЦЦ壬ѾдˡڷӸǺˣһЩӪһȻܻȥַӼҶ顣
Ȼ֮ǰǸ߲Ǻܶ෱ҲǲʶģڸڤιĿڿʼѧϰҲѲ˶ٹġ
һ⻰ʺĴһۣЩȣСһ鶼ǴСʱʼ㶼켰ˣ᲻̫ˣ
һкҪģǿɶǴСѧϰİ
ڤЦЦ壬֮ǰҲѧģǺü굢ˣֻǰѡ
ĿǰӦþëˣֻҪ¹ӦҲûʲô⡣
ټλϵͳĴڣָڤεĶǿҰĴڡ
ڤƺѾˣʺĴҲû˵ʲôˣ˿ڤξǸбµģȻ⣬ǿ϶Ҳ˺·
Ϊ˶鲻ϧһд۵˼Һܶ࣬ţԸڤεӣǰġ
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ļҴ岢УȻ峤ҼҳܹһӼһֱĸǷǳǨˡ
壬ӣ
ڤν˴ȥЦ˵
ʱһȫϯϣˣȻǺܶ࣬Ƕڸڤ˵Ҳˡ
ڴҲʶôˣէģټķ¸ǵģҲϣЩɵ
˳ԺúȺã죬ŸڤܸɡϾԷܹôլӣ˵Լı¡
ȵƹѲ㿪ʼԲˡ
ķ˷ǳķḻÿһʮȲˣˡ
Ǹڤģ߲˶Ѿ԰Ҳû߲˳ԡ
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СͻһԣΪ˱ȽСϣǽ˼еǵС棬ǳԲˡ
ϣĵչӣڤεд˼Ц⣬ùԷ˵ˣշǳãǶһЩ
ȻˣСͻҲһЩˡ
ϵǸܿͿ˸ڤǶϣ˼
ֻﵽʱЩŤģϾ֮ǰһֱûǸ롣
ĸôܲ˽ԼˣڶԷһ£ʲôû˵ϾڤֻǸ˼в˶ѣû˵ʲô
֪ϲԣʱ㽫еĻˣһᣬһҪ͸ڤκúһġ
һǨ磬ÿһ˶Եúܿġ
ڤκܴ󷽣׼˻ÿˡ
ĴţԸԼҵĶӻӡ
⸵СǸбµİ
̾һȻĻҲôܰѷӸǺãһһӮ˴ҵĺøС
ĴһЦϴЩСǨ㲻Ҳûµġ
ϾǳԷһЩԼزҲ뾡һЩ⡣
ȵ˼ԺĲӴ򿪣һɵһ
ҵģ㿴
ЩԥĴ
Ĵʱľ˴룬ŲͲ⡢ǡĺĬһᡣ
ȻСģǾŰɣûв԰ӣպЩ˸
ѹʵĻЩԾأƺȱ˳ЩԭǶԼ㡣
Ӧ£ʱ⴦ˣǺ͸㶼
ڤεǼˣԺ֮Ϳˡ


16 016˲λ
һصеһ˴򿪿Ļ񶼳Ĭˡ
СĻЩ˰
ĸĶ̾һ
ЦЦû£ԺǼǵͺá
ǨˣߵʱеĶȫʰˣڤҲûʲôˡ
ϴϺ󣬸ڤλص䣬ֱӽľϣ˷ڷڵĵơ
Ժʱ򣬾ͰԼҵĴһľ
ĻʹõЩϵҲǿġ
ĵƣڤε˵ͷȻֵƿһЩ
Ҫĵƹ̫Сˣ֮ǰļҵʱʹõĶ򣬵ƹƣʱ䳤ˣ˵۾Ҳá
һ룬ڤ뵽һ⡣
󣬱ֱӴλϵͳ
˽⣬طѾвˣֻǺܺã󲿷ֳֻɫΨмƷҲ͸ɫļ׸ǮǴٹˡ
λϵͳ濴һۣڤڸλ淭ңҵһƵλˡ
ӯȻҲܺãڤţƵӯǶࡣ
ڤΣãǹŴλ渵ڤΣҵĵļ֣
ʱ㣬ڵʱ㣬ҲߵһЩ
ͷ˻صĺܿ죺ڤã巣Ҽҵĵк֣ܶҰÿֵͼƬͽܷ㡣
ڤΣõлл㣬ֻҪ̫ܳľͿԣΪûе磬̫ܳ磬ûˡ
Ŵûе磬ûа취磬һ˵кܴѵġ
źһа취ġ
Ӧˣ㽫̫ܳԷͼƬͽܹ
ڤΰһ£һ֣иԵص㣬̫ܳ硣
ڤΣлл1Ҫһǧ̨25Ҫ̨6Ҫ̨
1򵥵ģͬʱҲǴ󲿷Ǯġ
25΢һЩģºܶ࣬۸϶Ҳ΢һЩ
6صĵƹ⣬ʮֵĺÿֻضȺֻҪ̨
巣û⣬㡣
ڤΣõģʲôһ
ҳкܶĶֻ󲿷ֶ֮ǰʱġ
һС֣Ժ󣬲ſʼġ
巣Ҫһ˲Σ֮ǰһûüϣݱ֮ǰǸһЩ
ڤüû뵽ԷҪȻôֱͣӴӦã㡣
λϵͳڣǿɨ赽˲εġ
Ҫȥһɽˡ
ȵ˽󣬸ڤαдд
ļҾ߶ִļҾߣһƽʱҲǽģҲġ
Ȼƣô͵úúù滮һ
ôˣһණú͹滮ǷǳԵġ
ڶһ磬ڤؾˡ
緹ʰһ£ֱӳɽȥˡ
ڸڤοļҴɽǸɽȻΧûʲôɽ棬вٶġ
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ѾɽˣڤαɽִһȦȻһɽԵˡ
ŸڤǸģҲʶˣֻǿһ죬뿪ˡ
ǾǴˣ
￴ڤԺЩ档
ǶԻ֮ǰǷӵʱҲûȥæټǺһҲǺ죬ԵڲżڤΡ
Ϊ׵΢΢۾ô࣬ȥ԰ɡ
ֻڤεķȴЩ
ڤοûô࣬뿪˵ߺ󣬴ʵӿռһѵ
ؽ˼ʯӣ׼ԶҰ


17 017Ի
ȻʯӲûлҰ˶ԷҰˡ
ϧһѺõ
ڴʱһԴһ̾Ϣ
ڤһݣתضŲԶˡ
Ǹ˾֮ǰԻΪ׵Ǹ
λǣ
ڤΰ˶ԷһۣװؿԷ
ܹϢسԼߣټ϶Էʺͽʵļ⣬Ӧòͨˡ
ЩûϵֻļҴͨͨһ񣬸ʶԷҲӦǡ
ЦЦҽףǴԻ
ڤεͷЦ´ãǸڤΣ
׵ͷӦ£ĵϵĵǰѺõ
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ڤңѵֻǱȽͨģȻĻ˵ᱻһЩ
⣬˵۹⣬Բ
ǰˣԲһˡ
ƺЩȣЦϵܵ󷽡
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ڤЦЦȴû˵ֱӽĵӸ˶Է
һѺõ
װһһ˿ȣֱӴӻһذףذ͸㣬͵л񡣡
˵ţױֱ뿪ˡ
ڤοذףֱü
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ذ࣬ĵʣͼֵơ
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һҲԲ˶ٲˣԺҲһֲ˵ģֻһˣҲûдȥ
СŸСӣڤβɵЦЦϣϣϣҲ԰ĵζ
ģҲмԼ֮ǰλ洢ġ
λ洢бʵãʲôʱŽȥǲỵġ
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Сգգ۾ͻȻ磬òѽ
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һԵĸڤε͵͵ЦЦϣҾСǳ
ϣ۵糺˸ƻҲģһ§סһԵСҲƵص磬ﻹ£˰
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ǣ֮ǰǲİ
ϣŶԷһ˫εС۾ҧҧֻԷССһ
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СҲԣؽ֮ǰڸڤμҵ˵һ¡
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ССܲԼĻʲô˼
˵⣬뵽ڤεĻĸһ˿Ц⣬ϣķȥ
ϣڵϣԼ˼Ľ˼
̫ˣС


18 018̽
ϣϣҿԽȥ𣿡
ĸţẰһ
ϣһԼ׵ĻƽȻصɡ
˵ĸڴϵϣЦЦϣϣôˣ
ϣһ٣Цҡͷûʲôġ
ĸôܲ˽ԼĶأŶԷ˵Ķͷ㰡ʲôϲ档
а
ϣԼţˣһʱôûп
ߵʱԷڼء
ĸЦЦ㰢ȥˡϣϣ㣬ɵʵס
ϣؿԼ飬ͷʡ
ϣϣϲС𣿡
ĸһԼСʵ
ϣû뵽Է⣬һӾͺˣôôʰ
ԼҶӵӣĸĸ׵в׵ĵεЦЦǾСǸˣҪܹķΪǾԷĵġ
Щʱദĸ˵۹ԲģԷȷʵһи˵ˡ
ϣؿ˶Էһۣһˡ
ڼأܵСĸҲ٣ټլǱʱʱ飬ҪǳˣĻ˭
ȻŸڤεԭУĵ΢ЩҲɽհ
ʡ
ĸЦЦСв˵ģҿСͲͳشСĻҾ֪ģԼɲᣬС
ϣȻ׶Է˼Щţ˵ֻˣֻǲ˼ҵӡ
ϾС滹ǺҪġ
ĸЦЦֱ￴˵۹׼ģˣߣȥ԰ժЩţ⻹û꣬ǰӳԡ
층ڤǱǨ磬˲ٵ⣬һû꣬ԷֱӸҡ
ԭĸǲҪģڤֱȣһҲԲ꣬Ҳ˷ˡ
׸ڤε˼ĸҲûƴˣ͸ٺóԵġ
ĸӣڶԷ֮£Сȥ˸ڤһ緹Ҳǽ軨׷ˡ
ڤζĸҲûоܾģĳֻ˵һ㣬˵ҲһЩֻǹûʲôζԡ
ӵĳãӵζüˡ
ڤγŽӣöԷĳĲ
һ⻰ĸЦЦôӴ󲿷ֻŪڶҾʹ˰֡
ԼСһܺãҲ֪ġ
ԣڤοϣЦЦϣϣ
ϣ˺죬ϲͶһЩ
ȻԼ׻ЩߣڶŸڤΣֲô˼ߣԼᱻԷ
ڤοŶԷӣ۵׵Цˡ
ʺһҼСȻˡ
ĸһ۶ԷøڤζһЩ
һ緹ڤγԵú㣬û̫ͣãֱӸļҵ뿪ˡ
Ҫȥϴ̽һ¿һĵѾˣ˵档
ͬʱ˲Ҳ巣ҲǮˡ
ЩԶڤοû߹ȥڴ¿ҡҡλεسȥˡ
Ȼ¿ªǮҲֻ࣬Ҫͭ塣
ڤǮȻںͭģҪϣǶ۰
ϵļҴ壬Ҳиڴӵˡ
ļҴ˶ڸڤʶҲǺ˽⣬Ҳûô
ȵԺ󣬸ڤθ·˺һЩСһҵĵ̡
ҵĶܹ󣬵ȴܺá
ȻļҴܶ˵ļͥһ㣬ϲ˶ǮģǾ͸ˡ
ڤˣҪϵļ۸⣬һЩȥ档
ϡΪĵƿǺܺģ˻Ķ


19 019
ǰΪ۱ĵ̣ڤüͷ֪ҵǷˡ
ڤֱ߽ȥˣһȥܵ˾۱Сһӭô˵Է̬ȣġ
λӣҪЩʲô
Сƺû⸵ڤδͨΪȥļҴԺףŵĶ£ʲһ鲼£ҲڲסԷϵĹ
ڤЦЦлԼġ
۱ͷβһ飬ڤβɵЦЦҵ̵Ķûеǰ㡣
λӣ
ŸڤεӣƺһҲûϣõСЩ졣
Ǿ۱ˮöĵˡ
ڤεЦҡҡͷǸֻǾùûҿϵĶ
λӵʱô֪ܿʲô
ǣһҡӴŻӴ¥
ȻˮСǮҲ࣬㴩˿ɵۣҲ׹үǲټġ
ڤһ⣬ЦΪĶϡĶеĻʮ֮һ
ϲûζؿԷȻλӻ˵ˣ֪ûԵһеĻ
ƹĲϵıһ̽ģǲɣҽ쾹Ȼˮˣ̫ˡ
ڤЦЦԷȻ뿴Ǿ׳ˡ
öԷףʲôƷ
˵ţڤֱӽԼ¨ӷ׼ĵ˳
֮ǰڤξͽĵսλϵͳĴ棬ʱӱ¨óģҲֻһš
⣿
ŸڤóĶһԼӣ۾һգգؿŶԷĵƣ̾ЩʲôȻ˾
ڤοŶԷ֪һ룬ЦЦǵƣͷС罫Ǵϡ
СЩ£ƹʾ£ֱӽŴӶˡ
ƹ׼ƵƵʱ򣬸ڤֱӽƵĿشˡ
ڽʱ巾͸߹ڤΣЩƶÿһοһ£Ҫ̫ɹ졣
Ǻ
ľˣɢĹâȻ˵ãˡ
ڤЦŽ͵ƣһǱӵ
ⶫÿҺôһڣʮƽڵĵطãɱöˡ
λ̨ɷҹۿһ´ҶСĶԴ
үͲסԼĺˣŸڤʵ
ڤЦЦȻԣңҽΪ˺;۱⡣
һ⻰Է۾ֱӵƹ׼䣬Ҫλ̨úһġ
ԷеĻǾԻᱬ
ҿżȻŹһû뵽ôõĶ̫ˡ
ҪǣûĻЩҪˮʹֵµ˻ʾЩġ
ƹӦõСŴԴȥ¥ϣ˲㡣
ھ۱󣬿ɲǣһЩǡ
ƹ񣬸ոλӴĶǷھ۱

ǶƯһҪһ
Χƹ˵
ƹæˣȴǺţףЩǳҿ϶ϣȫܽǵġ
ͬĶˮ;ǣǾ۸
ˣܷˮƹﻹûס
ϾֻǸƹģ黹Ƕ˵㡣


20 020ȥļҴ忴
ڤκͻ¥ϵżƹı˲ˮ͵ġ
֪λ̨ô
ҡӣŸڤ˵
ڤЦЦֵ¸ڤΡ
ԷЦЦۡ
ۿŸĸڤΣ˿ڲˮ֪жĻԴ
ڤһЦֵֻǱȽϵ͵ģﻹвٸߵǲ֪¹ܲܳԵˡ
Ŷ𣿡
۾һУЦЦж٣Ҫ١
ոռǸڱȽϵ͵ģۻЩ棬ߵƷʲôӵġ
ڤһЦҼסļҴ壬¹Ӳһ
ϾĶĲ٣Ҫļ۸Ҳ͡
¹ӿǸǮˣܲһʳԵôĻ˵
Ȥ׻˵úãղײգȻǾͷӴȥһˡ
ȻԷô˵ˣۻЩ档
ԷǵԲôĶ
˴¥ƹ׼ԼӣֱӳļҴȥˡ
ļҴ壬ţѾǷǳˣ˵һʮֺ
ӣ㡣
ӵС˽۷ǰӿݵ·С˵
۵ͷǰķӣǸӵļ𣿵Ǳһζ
ԷСԺȻǺܴ󣬵ʮֵĿڼϻһЩͤӹģҲʮֵѹơ
ڤЦЦҲûںֵİգֱӵ¹롣
۵ͷŶԷȥˡ
˽ȥԺ˲ߴߴ˵˻
ѽѽոǸСүһǮ˰
үòǸСӵʲôݰɣ
ɣ
ףףҪȥ
˸Ӹ磬ôһӾ;
ϾҲǴķˣַӳĺ٣ҲٻԷ
¹Ȳ衣
ڤδӳﵹ˼裬ۺͶԷӡ
ûоܾһڲˮЩ̾Ĳˮζ⣬ˬڣζ治
ԷĲˮб֮ǰȹÿһֲˮ˵ˡ
ڤЦЦǾջ裬ⶫȥ𡣡
ϣŪãԷĺɵġ
ȵ˿ڲ裬ЪԺ󣬸ڤαֱӴȥԼŵƵĿⷿˡ
ʵⷿĶŸոյĿ϶ֱӽƴλϵͳóġ
¹룬߾ҵĻˣĶֻ֮һʣĲûó˲ֿ档
ڤδŶԷȥ󣬶ֱӽһյƴ򿪣ְеŴغˡ
˲䣬ﶼ硣
Ǿ
ۿһӵĵƣ۾⡣
鷳Ӹҽһ°ѡ
ۿôĵƣЩɻ
϶ʶҲ֪ôõĶ
һ׵ģЩһܴٹ˵ϲ
ϾĵƹЩ谵ҹڳΪ޷Ĵˡ
ڤεЦŵͷһһԷһ¡
ֻǿƣȴʮ
ÿһƵʱ򣬸ڤζʾһԷһҲԼʾһߡ
ЩΣ
ۿôĶͻȻһ⡣
ǧһŷֻһΣǿɾͿˡ
ڤξ֪ʣ͵ⶫõ꣬ÿһ£Ժ󣬾ͷ̫ɹ죬ֿʹˡ
ԺĶͻյʱȻҲ֪ù
ڤζⶫǱȽŵģһλĶǷǳģһЩʳƷͨλ濼ˣҲûа취͵λߵˡ
ԣ۲˿ЩܺãȻӳ۰ɡ
ȱǮЩȥԺ󣬾׬
ڿڤõԺ۾ûаĴ㡣
ⶫļ۸ľʵˣҲǺܶࡣ
ڤγŶԷЦЦеƶصԷȥϸϸ̸


21 21̸۸ǩԼ
ڤδȥ˿棬ЦЦ¹ҲҵĻˣ˲˵һʮһ̨25ţһʮһ̨6һ̨
6ŵļ۸Ǹڤ˵ģǸ٣Ҳܶ࣬οϡΪ
ӣ˼ӣԭĻ֮ϸӶʮֻһҡ
Է֮ǰֻ˵˼۸ȴû˵ֻһҡ
ۺôô⣬Ȼֻ֪һĻޱȾ޴ġ
һ˺Ļ϶Сܶࡣ
ڤһ˿Ц⣬˿ڲˮֻӶʮƺЩˡ
ϾֻԷһ˵Ļûа취ˡ
Ǹӳ˸۸񡣡
֪ڤûбô򵥵ˣϾõˣʲô򵥵
ڤһЦֱӵ۸ñ䣬Ҫ¹Щ﴿İٷ֮ʮ
Ҫ󲢲֣ȥǣǱߵĴٹˣֻзķݡ
ϾûеĶ
۳Ĭһᣬֱİ壺ãͰո˵ġ
ڤЦЦֱӵ졣
ҲЦ⣬Ȼʧ˰ٷ֮ʮĴ󣬵ܺ͸ڤνùϵȰٷ֮һٵĻ㡣
ֱǩ˺ԼڤλЩƵӣֹĿġ
ǰЩֵĶǲ죬ȻûмҲˣߵԶЩҲһ
ʱ䲻ˣҾͲŸˣһԴ˹ġ
۹֣Ÿڤ˵
Կţǲĵġ
ڤЦӦ£ԽԷ͵ſڡ
ɣճŵʱ򣬸ڤξͿ֮ǰļһףһЦ´磬ǴԻˣջ񲻴
׵ͷݸڤһֱҰϴθĵǳá
ԷǸʣûмģȴرĽʵȻû
ֻһԵۿʴףһС
Сֻû˵ͱֹסˡ
ڤ˼ֻ֪´Եȡ
¹ӣҾͲˣߣֱӴ˹Ϳˡ
ڤתۣЦ˵
ۻл㱵ص˵ͷ뿪ˡ
ȵԷ뿪󣬸ڤֱӽҰýȥ´롣
ȻײϤǶԸذףֵƣ鱦óȥҲǼֵǧġ
´磬㣬Ұл񡣡
ڤֱӴԼķ1ŵĵƣȻ˲ٸۣԼҲ˺ܶġ
Է֮ǰذ̫󣬸ڤܾԼ̰˴ˡ
Ǻ
ûоֻܾǿǰµĶЩ档
ڤֱЦЦԷʾһǮģ´ԼãҪ
ڤξãװˣƺҲʲô
׵ͷֱӵл
ڤβҡҡͷȵԷ뿪Ժֱ˶ȥļҡ
ӣ䷹ˡ
ںһҺϤˣڤεȻҲǲġ
ĸŶԷҰɵЦЦСӣҰǸöԼųԾͿˡ
ڤνȥҰһԣӣһүǵģˮƽҲһ㣬ɱ̣Ұ
ڵֵڤεˡ
ۣҰ
СǵһôؿҰ̵أĺܺÿ
ڤֿЦЦϣϣϣжҪ㡣
ϣŴЦЦ磬ŵĶ𣿡
ڤεͷԶĸһĻɵЦЦãСԼչȥȵˮˣСȻ׵ġ
ԼСĺã׵ĵȻ֪ġ
ڤδϣȥ˿ûнԷķ䣬ⲻ
ȵĵʾһ£ϣֳ̾ݵ
磬ʲôҲ̫˰ɡ
ϣǰĵƣʮľȡ
濴ҰСԼҸȥˣҲͬˡ
һΧǰĵ˺ܾãǿǸϡƷ
ӣҲûˣҰˡ
ڤοĸЦ˵
ڿ쵽ʱˣҲôˣЩӶԷһֱڳݣͻԷ
ĸһ⻰žʱҪˣϣһȥ


22 022ۺ׵Ĺϵ
иڤҰ֮ǰû⣬ʻʱ򣬿ôķˣɵЦЦķ˺÷ʢ
Ұƹ
Сһ⻰һһ˵
üڤΣ΢΢۾СҲǺˣԼҲ˰
壬һʵڲаȻĻҲҲ䷹ˡ
ڤ˵Ĺ䣬Цػص
ʰһۣԴ֪ҪСͿŸڤαӲǱӣ۾۾ġ
ˣˣóԷˡ
ĸһʣڤεСҪϲĲˣԷ
ڤЦӦˣȻ춼ġ
󣬸ڤԼϣȥִִҪԼԵЩˣҲһ£ԷԼĿ
ϣϣô
ڤδһɴˣôЩϣǳĺãд󵱻飬˵ޡ
֮ǰͺü˵ˣ˵ļҵСҪ޲ȥˣϾôˣûס
ɷϣڤ֪ûȥϣ׺˿ġ
˶ԷĻϣһӾͺˣͷС˵ܺãҼ˶á
Է̫ˣõʱЩԱˡ
ϣˣԺһԱҲûˡ
ԷжԷŵ㣬ϣҲͬǸġ
ڤιһЦ֣ϣϣ㣬أ
ϲϣ˵һ飬վеġ
ϲԷĵЦ⣬ϲԷżƣȴǿֿӣҲϲԷʱСߵӡ
Ҳϲ硣
ϣ̧ͷԷԼ½ǣ΢ŵ㣬ҲŬԼø㡣
˽ܶ˵ڤǸгϢģܶ˶ע˶Էϡ
ϣϣѾˡ
ŶԷһ˫ĵӣڤβɵЦЦǣŶԷ֣ϣϣҼС
˶ԷĻϣɵЦЦ˵ôá
ڤصص˵ͷϣϣͺܺá
ϣŶԷ棬˺졣
˲ûɢܾãȵϣͻؼҺ󣬸ڤҲˡ
磬۴˹ᶫˡ
ȿȣǸӰ
΢ؿڤΣԥſλӣӺϤ
û뵽ȻСС塣
Ҫ֪СԴ뿪˾Ժȫ˶ûжԷϢүүƽȻϲ˵ǵŶԷġ
ڤһЦ˵´簡ǴԻֻҲǸյҲֻͶԷ棬ǺϤ
׵ĲǺ˽⣬и뷨ۣףòʲôݹϵɡ
Ͼ˶¡
Ի
˼Ӻµ˼ɻӣ֪λԻô𣿡
ڤֱ֪ӵߣɽµǼӣ´ҡ
۵ͷֱӴȥһߡ
ڤʮûô࣬Ǳ˵飬ֻԼͿˡ
һΣ1ŵƸ۰˰ٸ25ŸΪİٸ6Ÿ˶Էٰʮ
һһʵǮ
ûôֻǸһǧԼƱʣȫǷһֱӻþ۱ƹ͹
ڤεҲ¶ԷԼĻ̰īˣȻҺͶԷ⣬ǾͲ¶Է
ĳˣжԷǷͺԼڣԷܲ˵ġ
ʱֱӳ׼ȥˡ
ԺԼߵףԷֻ̧̧ۣȻ˾ֱӽɡ
ۿŶԷֱӵС塣
׵ͷʾԷ£ôļҴˣ
ûԷ͸ڤȫ˵˳


23 023˵
׵ͷڤǸбµģڱס
Լ˵۹⣬ڤˣԲǻССˡ
С壬ʲôʱȥү̶
ۿŶԷŹߣС˵
վӷЩֱӵȥ˽ϡ
۵ͷԷС壬ȥ𣿡
ԷûлؼˣôС֪СЩʱ˶ٿ
ֱҡͷȻȥɣȵʱˣȻȻȥġ
Էһ⣬ҲûټȰȥֻŶԷĶ뿪ˡ
ȫװϳԺ󣬸ڤο뿪ˣҲɵһ¡
Ҫɴµʱˡ
ڶ죬ڤһǡһ⡢һģֱȥýš
ڤζڵصϰǲôأⲢߵƸԴϣ
ӣģұ֤¸׵ġ
ýŸڤ͵Ķֱӱʾһܰɡ
λӿ˵ˣ³֮󣬻ӡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰһ⣬ҲһӾʮжԷùʲôģǼֱҪ̫׬
ڤЦŵͷǾ鷳

ýЦЦøڤĵСһǸʮġ
ȵ³˵ĺӣýŴŸڤĶֱӾͽļҡ
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ýſĸԺǵطŶԷ
ļҴеȻʶýŵģԷýţǷ׷׾ʼҵ⣬˭ϣ˵塣
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ĸȻҲʶýŵģŶԷһʱ֮Щ¡
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ģСȻҪļС˵ˡ
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ĸһ㶣ŲԶĸڤΣԴžȣߣ˵ȥ
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Ȼһ˿ĵġ
СҲˣҲü˰
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߰ɣϣϣǽȥɡ
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׺ýŵǰϣɲ˼
ĸýŽݣԷ˱ˮȲ衣
ýЦЦڤ׼Ķùֱӵ˶֪ǸбµģСŶԷһܿģСҲʮ㣬պ˺ͺĹӣĸģⲻͷ
£һ֪Ѿˡ
ý֮ǰҲǴģ⸵ڤοǸбµģ˼Ҷأֻû뵽ԷԼļˡ
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֮ǰ룬⸵ڤκԼСʲôʱܶ
û뵽Էֱ˸ϲ
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ýЦЦǰѸһ£³ˣǸõӣҿɵźҵϲˡ
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ýҲǸԹɫģһ۾ͿԿԷ͹ŵĹϵá


24 024µ
ôˣ
ĸŶԷȴʮòʵ
̫̫Է⵱ûģֱӰ¶ƺ̫ðɣ
ĸ۾΢У˵ʲôһԵýűЦЦ̫̫İɣСӾǸɷġ
̫̫һڤΣ˼תתֱһԵĻСӣ㻹ûŮɣǻ϶ҵĴŮϣϣá
ӣѾ˽ˣƿ쵽ˡ
ڤֵ̫̫ӣĽϣϣңҵĵ﷢ģһһԴϣϣһһһ˫ˡ
ܵĽøڤ޷һޣȻ϶ϣǺͶԷһһӵģԶҲֿҲĳ谮Է
һһһ˫ˣôõĻ
⸵СӹȻǸĻ˰
ǵģ׻˵úãĸ֮ý֮ԣ̫̫ʲôְ
ո̫̫꣬ԼŮܸСأǱоİ
ġ
Сţ̫̫ԵĻŸڤΣɫ糺죬һһһ˫ˣĻ
ӣҪȢϣϣ𣿡
Ļ˸ʵ
ڤαֱܿӵֻԸϣϣһ
ĻΪѣѵ㲻֪СУϣϣСϲͱ˴ܣ²Ǻ˽ɡ
˵ýЩˣһԵĸҪˡ
ôõĴϲ£ֱ̫̫ҪǽСĺ£ɾͱˡ
ϣϣǷ³Ҳ֪֪λС
ڤ񵭵ؿĻֱӵ˽ϣϣ¸۰ĸϧ׵ܵĺúӣǲ࿪ĺø
ĳˣʵ˼ݶ
ĻСڤμˣһ޴̲軨
⻰۾Щ죬ֱӵ˵úá
ҼС¸۰ĸϧ׵ܣǸõĸ
ʿԼСǶõСԼȴСҸҪƻ׮£ʾԲ顣
壬ˡڤοԺ˸
ʵͷվĸԣһˡ
ĸͷЦĺܼʱ
ҪǶԷĻɾͻ᲻ÿˡ
ԲԼĹŽԼСĻ¸ƻ˵ġ
ͬġ
ֱӿ̫̫СΪ⼸ҿĺԷһֵиˣϣϣԷҺܷġ
ֱ̫̫ӵ˶Էһۣϴ׼ҶŸˣ
ЦЦû׼׻˵úãĸ֮ý֮ԣϣϣĻ£Ȼĸ
֮⣬̫̫ΪϣһˣûʸҲӦԼӵĻ¡
̫̫ôõ̵Ӧø˰պ˳ˣȻҲТİ
ýſ̫̫Ц˵
̫̫һһָТ
СӣҪǰѻ㣬㻹ȢϣϣС
Ҫ֪ʿǱŮӵͺܶģˣһ˼ǲôԸȢСġ
һ⻰һԵĸҪûü˵ʲôأͿڤοˡ
̫̫ۻ˰ɣҪû֮ǰ˵ʲôأڸ˵һ顣ңڤΣҪȢϣĸŮ˭˭ûһͭĹϵ𣿡
ڤ˵̫̫ƫСļ棬û뵽ԷȻԼӵĻ¶Ź
Էڤδ
ԷǾǸбµģǮŮլТ
̫̫һԷ⻰Ҫֲ˵ʲô
ڶԷֻ˵׵ģûȫΪĸǵ̫ˡ
վĴûںڤεĻǻ̫̫Ļ
û뵽̫̫Ȼƫˣ֮ǰƫ϶Ҿˣû뵽ҪƻԼӵ£δŰ
һڤεĻĻյúܣڿŴ񣬶ˣֱӵ̣Ǿͻȥɣû층ӵġ
ٴȥǵҪˡ
̫̫ĵ뿪ʼŶԷ뿪լһӾˡ


25 025պƸ
ڤνԼ׼õĶ˹ĸʣ壬ӣһƸġ
ýһЦЦϲǰǾͽһ¸ºǺӣǵϲء
ãʱϽҪ
ĸЦӦ£ڤΣСˣպƸɡ
ļҴ壬ǰ˵׺ƸֿģΪһֿҪ񣬺ܶ˼ҶǶһġ
ڤЦŶ£޸ĸںϣ˸Ժ󣬾ֱӽԷĸˡ
ϣСȻڷǲôģ滹Ǻܿĵġ
Ϊܹ޸ڤΣΪԷ̫̫ǰά
ʱ̫̫ߣһͱүӵһۣ˭ȥƻСϣµģ
֪Ӵе֪̫̫飬жôΣԷǳŪڶˡ
̫̫һۣһСȢ˻պǾкܶǮˣһΪҰ
ǵģǸСʲô۹ⰡȻϲС
ѵǼҵĻ𣿶ôƯû۹⡣
үؿһۣɹˣʧˣ⼸ͲҪˣöۡ
̫̫ҫģһصլ棬е鶼үٹܡ
үӵģȴڱЦܵúܣȥϴƢֻ̫̫ܶԼĲˡ
Լүү뿪ıӰĻ˸ۣƲƲ죬Ҫ˵αģ̣үү
˿ºͺ͵Ϻˣʵﻵúܡ
ҪǶԷ˵һҪǼ˼޸˸ڤˣǮǵˡ
Ϊ̫̫Żڤ⡣
ʱڤõԺ󣬱ֱӻؼˡ
Ҫ׼һƸˡ
ƸͲҪýˣԼͿƸΪҲûʲôˣˣΪԷһǶ˼ӣýŵʱԼһ
ʱĸȥϣŶԷЦЦСǸģºȷʵǸӣҲ׼׼ˡ
һ£ĸָ̾һתۣҼСԼ˰
ŶԷԴĻϣڶԷϣҾڼףԺټޡ
ɲС
ĸһۣڼú׼׼ɣСƸˣҲ͸׼׵ˡ
ϣͷȴŽҪæˡ
ڤרŸŴ峤˴һƸҪ׼ʲôҲýһ£׼һѵĶ
ڴûʲôˣƸĻ˶һЩˣ룬ڤִԼλϵͳóһѹֱȥס
ͶãǸڤ֪顣
״ʱڼ棬ڤκʵЩȵġ
ϵܣǣ
׿ŶԷĶԭһ˿Ĳ졣
ڤЦЦ󽫶ȥ֮ǰϸǵȤʰ÷Ҳûʲôô͸ϸ͹ˡ
ûоֱܾù˿Ū˼£ʮľȣⶫǵĲҲõʮֵ

׸Է˱ˮʲô֣ȷʵܺá
ûмǵһμ
ڤκһһ򵥵ˣȻĻôĶ֮ǰԷĵƣǷǳģھǣûпġ


26 026װæ
ڤЦЦԶǿԵģʮֵķ㣬Ҳûʲôã´ԣá
Ҳò飬ҲԷæ
ллˡ
ûоܾԷȻˣ϶ġ
ڤκ˿ˮЦЦ´ˣʵһ´æ
Ƹ˵ףڤδý˽һЩˡ
ӭȢŮԣǱȽϸӵģҪһһСͻ΢һЩ
ڤϣõģƸȻǲ򵥵ġ
ڤνףϣԷܸһͷҰǴһЩҰζ
ûԼһȥԵģΪ֮ǰЩˣһڣҲ;Ȼˡ
֮ǰòȻļҴסµģҲļҴˣֻ֪ԷԻȴ׺ֵǵһŲ֪
ڤô⣬⿴˵ı»еġ
׾Բһˣڼ϶Է֮ǰˣۿǾǵˣװ˳ҲǴӾǹġ
ϵʲô
ЩȣԷϣʲô
ڤЦЦ´Ҳ֪Ǻ֣ϣɽʱܹңһͷҰһЩҰζƸ
ŶϵҪˣ
Щȣ֪⸵ڤεҲż°ɣôҪˣ
ڤЦŵͷǰʱ´ϲư
ǱҪȥġ
ЦЦû뵽Էٶô찡
˵Ժ󣬸ڤαصԼլ档
еŴغúλϵͳһЩλϢ
ϸڵĽô˰զɹŴˣ
ǸڤεһĶԷҲദ˺ܾõˣŶԷһܿˣҲܿظڤΣԷ˲ٵ档
ڤΣ˵Ҫʲô߲һС
ǿ֮ǰĽϣ˲Σв
ڤΣûˡ
֮ǰڵһԼõģҲû׼ȥ
ҪǣԷĶﶼòģȫǸ߿ƼƷ
ÿϧˣҪԺ˾͸ңҸ߼ǸС綼ԡ
ϾǸǷǳģûеģڤû뵽Ȼˡ
ڤεͷӦ£ãеĻҸġ
Ǹ˲絹Уֻڤβ׼ȥЩǳһʹá
ͱ󣬸ڤֻظһҪһˣ˹Ŵһߣܶණûа취ˡ
룬ڤֱӽһ£ĶǱ˹ŴĶ
Ȼ֮ǰĶﻹʣһ£Щڵ˵ҲǷǳģ˸ڤβʣʻĵ˲òĵز
ڶһʱ򣬸ڤαȥɽ棬ͬʱ󻹸֮ǰһˡ
ϵܣҵֵǣҸһ¡
׿ڤԺﴽ˵
ڤЦӦ£ȽһԼλãǸڤΡ
ϴ󣬲ܣԼ
һЦЦԼظҽš
º
ҽгϿ
˽ԺֱӿڤΣߣȥԡ
ڤҲûпԼŵĴߡ
˶һ۸ڤĴ󵶣žȣ󵶵ǲĵҪöˡ
ڤεȻҲע⵽˵۹⣬Ҳû⣬ĿľΪ˴һֻҰʲôǿԵġ
һֱӳɽȥˣڣһΣڤθȥɽ档


27 027þƺò
ɽԺ󣬸ڤһֱ׵ߡ
׺ͶԷֵܶǴԵĺ֣ڤζǸҵģԼĶλҲһֱ׵Ļȥ
ϴǱиɵӡ
ۼؿԶһֻӣ˵
׵ͷֱӵӵⲻϵܣô
ڤֱӵͷԡ
ӵۺóԣ
ɵɵֱ𵯹ֱʯӶ˶Է
ڤοŵѪü⣬׵Ǵ󰡡
ӷŽ˸ڤεı¨ҪĿľǰƸҰζҲһͷҰҪʲô
ƸĻȻԽԽá
ڤλǵһͷҰ㹻ˡ
̫Ҳ̫ãȵϣԺôô
׵ͷֱȥѰҰټ
ڤ֪׵Ĵ㣬ͬصͷɽ棬Ҫעһµģ˶ӣɱöˡ
һյĹºֱӻˣҶ˲һҲͻˡ
ϴϷһͷҰ
ºֱӴһԾ£˵
׵ͷߣֱӹȥ
ڤθ˵󣬳Ұķȥ
ȻûãǾͿһͷʮ׳˶ķ
ͷҰ
ڤε˵ͷЦ˵
ֱóĹ층ڤθĶ
ֱ׼ҰţһָͷʸֱӲҰС
ҵʹҰԭذ˼ûᣬֱ
ͷҰ󹻷ʡ
ڤǰһЦЦл´ˡ
˵Կһܼ򵥵ʱ䣬Ƕڸڤ˵һ鷳顣
˵鱾鷳ʮóʮ鷳
˵İ£Ұֱ̧˸ڤεլ
ʱ򣬸ڤζֻ˵ǰæԵġ
һ׵˶ԷΪʲôˡ
Ϊ˳
ڤδˮϴֵ˲ˮ͸㡣
´磬ǿɱҼ԰ɣóӵζ
һͷҰƸͿˡ
ԼУҲԲ꣬ڤδʣľ͵ļȥ
С㻹
ºŸڤεĻЩȡ
˻ĿɲԶҳũˣٻġ
ڤЦЦǰΪһʱ䣬ǿڣǧҪҵհ
֮ǰڹһʱ䣬Ϊ˲ͣҲǸųʦѧһʱġ
ջ𡣡
ϿЦЦ˵
Ȼǲջǻġ
ڤûоܾʱҲóԷˡ
ڤûǴ֣Լģ׶ڸڤλҲЩȣ΢ؿŶԷ
ڤַͨ˼Щһ
ϣʮãⷹ˵Ȼúܡ
ڣڤõֻͣҪһ˵Ļ϶ԼλϵͳĶˡ
ȻͲǺܺóԣɳ˵ĻζҲࡣ
磬һͳˡ
ҸλơڤνСľͰľ͸˵һЦҴһ򵽵ģζ൱ϧҵڶȥϺ󣬶ԷѾˡ
׼ľʣǺܸߣڶʮңڹŴľƣǾ㴼̫ˡ
ƣ
׿峺׵ľƣһСһڣþƺþơ
ڤóľƣȹľƶҪúȡ
ǸƵģöԷ˵þƵģǿ϶ǲģһԵºҲϽ
Ͽһڣ̾˿Ǻþƺþư
һԵźºҲͬص˵ͷǺȹúȵľˣζ㴼Ũ
ڤֻССغһڣ߳Աߺȣƽȵ٣һȵ㣬ҲҰЩˡ
ºŵЦЦǸãֵܣǾͲˡ
ȷʵǸζģǻĲĴ
˳˽һԵøɸɾ֪˵θڿ϶Сڤ˵ʱǷǳһ̵ġ


28 028¼1
ڤǳһ緹һӾ˲һ㡣
ο׵˻ԴõģٻЩ˼ġ
ֵܣҪ´λʲôҪæģ˵
Щȴ˵ºŸڤεļЦ˵
ڤЦŵͷģҲġ
ȻһЩƣɱ־ڤΣˣʲôĻ˵
ڤЦӦ£ǲ뿪Ҳȥʰһ¡
ڤνûгװһЩֱӳļȥˡ
硣
ڤκСһվŶԷȥ
ڤͷСʲô
ڿСϰء
СЦЦӣ۾һζ
С˰ͷɹ
ĸڤκЦЦ˵
ԽԽˣѾ˰ϵ֪ˣҲʼߴߴؽˡ
ڤЦ߽ȥӷϣӣ⣬´һɽ򵽵ġ
ӣ
ĸЩȣһӵ⣬ǽɽˣ
ڤεͷݿһۣϣϣأ
Ŷȥˡ
ĸЦЦȻˣǽҲһЩ˵Ķˡ
ڤεͷȣԽھҷˣĻͲ÷ˣˡ
һ⣬Ͽ϶ó꣬ȻĻȣҲͻˡ
򵽵ҰȻҲԼıʷʽ
ҪǽȽæǽʹȥɽ﹫ݺMTBLCCԵġ
ȥҲֱȥˡ
֮ǰһȥ˾ǣѾˣҲ϶һˡ
иڤ͵ıǣһεľ֮ãĿܶ࣬һûһǻ˵ġ
Сүˡ
¸ͯۻ۾һǰ
һԵСҲæȥүͨһ̫̫үҲһЩ
۵ͷֱӵȥϵĶСһЩ
󲿷ֵĻﶼѾŽ棬ʣĶ˴ġ
¼ײ٣ദҲ࣬һЩҲһЩǸ˺ܶࡣ
ȥͨϢС˽ۻϢֱӸ߸̫̫̫үүǡ
¸ڵҵ۵ĵҲǵĻ飬үǴ׸λģ̣ԶǴӹ١
ϣۣڻ˰
·˿ۺ۾һӾͺˡ
⺢Ӷˣǵˡ
ƽµľˣӭȥŶԷⲻǻ
үһ˦˦ӣߣ֪
һԷѾߵ̫̫һԼҴӣЦ棬۶˰ɣ죬ó׼ˡ
̣æҳ緹ˡ
۳ԼϵЦЦ̫̫ȥһοǸǴ˺öˡ
Ŷ淢ʲôˣ
̫үһԣζʵ
¼һӣСӲϲϷǳһ֡
ЦЦ˽ưӣʾһ¡
ʧɫǺȻԡ
ǵһμֿԼɢĶأϿʱҲʮַˡ
ЦЦûнͣǵ̣үү濴Сˡ
СӣӦ˵
ֱһԼҴӵĺϣ˵
۰һԼĺףίⲻү԰һ𣿡
̫̫һ⻰Ҳ˲ôˣۣ￴Сİڹô
ĵľСˣô꣬Ҳ֪ظҡ
۸æ׸ọ́ǷİɣСԵúôů֮ǰڼ滹׳˸࣬ء
һֱãڤξСѣȻĻСΪˣôܻԷأ
̫̫̫ү˿һţĴʯͷˡ
ֻҪСûʲô£ĸҲͷˡ


29 029¼2
֪׵ϢҲ˺ܶ࣬㽫ע۴ĵ档
۰ٸ˵һЩ̫ˡ
֪Сû£̫̫һʯͷˣؿһԵĵơ
ЦЦֱӵã˵˵
ʵ̫ˣ¼ҵ˾ֱӽưԼ档
ϣүӣⶫ氡
̫̫һԣӹѾӣ˲֣Ц˵
үҲͬصͷӻѾȫȥⶫȷʵ棬ɱˡ
ѾˣΪƵĴڣʮã͸ǵġ
ĥŪŵƵʱ򣬸ԺӵҲڰŪǰĶ
ˣⶫ̫ˣҾȻ֪Էôġ
黹ǺܴģȻĻҲλˣոհŪһ£ȴôҲֲˣôġ
·ЦЦһԣɱⶫˣҪŪȥǾͿϧˡ
ʱ·˸ոϴ꣬ͷѾɣһ˿ᣬЦЦһ۾ȻôĶҽʹˣģڵ滹кܶ࣬Ҫʼˡ
ⶫ˵Щϧ
뵽ʲô۴жٰ
֮ǰûôȥ²Ҳʮɡ
·һ£һٶ
٣һ٣һ˶ٻⶫһ˰ɣ
·ЦЦ㻹۵ǮǸǮˡ
⣬ټȷʵо̵ͷԣǮǱ鸮Ķˡ
۴ʱԼķֱС˺źѾȫȥˣʼóīֽ⣬ϸϸ
һΣһûһǧյƣڼһпٸĶġ
ȽϺһ£ÿһ۸񶼱˳
1򵥵ģһһյ2-5΢һЩͬʱҲӾ£Ǿİһյ6ģͬҲµģǾ򣬰˰һյ
Ҳ˲ٵǮѱ̻ɾͲˡ
ҪĶԼܣǼҪ˵ģֱϵϸ紦ˣЩմ֡
ۣȥⷿ׼ʮ⹫һЩ׼߸㼸һЩ
ڶһ磬·˾ֱ׼ˣҲ·˵ˣ·˵ĵλҲСԷ̲飬Ҫ̲
׼⹫һϲ
׼ڼҵģٺһЦֱӵ첻û𣿾öȥ͹ȥɡ
СӣҸջ͸Ұ˰
¼Ҷү˺ӽ۵Դһ¡
磬ҿûУȥİ
ίƲƲ죬ֵûм磬æ𣿡
ǰ˺ֱӵͷ˼ؿǰĵƣһ͸͹ȥ
·˿ֵֻ֣ЦЦ˺ˣҴͺãȥ̫̫̫ү밲ȥɣһͿԳ緹ˡ
Ϊÿ涼飬ԽøЩ̫̫Ҳո
ȥ밲ˣˡ
̫ү̫̫˲Źˣ·ˣЦЦǸƿ棬о˺þء
ǰ֪캢Ҳĥ˺þãҾѵƸ˺úÿ
·˷ֱ̫̫ۣЦ˵
̫̫ͷЦǧעˣѲˣҪǻǾͿϧˡ
һӣǵһμôĶأҪĲǾͿϧˡ
ϱһЦֱȥ緹ˡ
緹еĶҲʰˣ·˻ң˺ֱӴŶȥ˼ҡ
ⶫ͸ݣȵүھʣ͸Щˡ


30 030ϯ
Ȳ۾¼ҵ飬ʱļҴĸڤΣڽеĵĶ׼Ժ󣬱ֱӴýֱȥƸˡ
̺ܿ죬֮ǰˣһֻǽʽһѡ
Ÿڤǹ¶һֱԼƸˡ
ļҴʮֵ֣ҪǸڤȥļƸ顣
ȻﱾĲ飬Ǹڤ׼Ƹرĸ㡣
Ӱϲôõһպ͵ɣ
ýǵĸЦ˵
Ӷ̶ôӣýž˽⵽ڤεĴ󷽺Ǯˡ
ͨ˼ңӾʮֲˣ⸵ڤξȻ׼ʮͬʱһЩһֻ˶ҰƸǷǳ˲˰
ֻҪҸǴҪˡ
ĸЦ˵ֻҪϣ͸ڤοĵһˡ
壬ӣһúöԴϣϣġ
ڤγ˹֣˵
ʿ˶Էһۣô˵ǰҲǸԷӵģֻǵǾͺãҪ۸ϣϣҾԲŹġ
Сһϣϣõġ
ĸЦЦСϣгˣһڼԸ緹
ǶϯļһһЩ˵ģУլˡ
Ȼ߹ϵǺܺãүǵĶӣһûа취ıġ
ļլϾϣݣǶ㲻˵ġ
֮ǰ飬̫̫ŸڤαӲǱӣ۾۾ģһԵ̫үȷʵЦ⡣
СҪúöϣϣ
үЦеؿŸڤΣЦ˵
ڤοүɫ䣬ȴڸ̣үӲǾ˰ô⣬ڤһ۾ܿүӿɲʲôƲ磬ֱȽϻαװˡ
ǱȻⱲӳϣϣ˭ҲƲϡ
ڤؿŶԷЦ˵
үľƱһ٣ܿסˣǾͺãǾͺá
ĶϯʽʮֵķḻڤŪҰѾŪһˡ
ȣҰҲŲ˶ãҪǸڤнָڣҰͻˡ
μϯˣÿ˶Եķǳá
ڤγԵĺܿ죬ֱչϣСԷˡ
һԵĸŸڤεĶ⡣
СûʲôоϣȴЩ˼Ѿˡ
̫̫Ÿڤεľٶ˸ۡ
һεĶϯڤҲǹģôҲԼæټڴʶҲ࣬Ҳܳ档
ϵܣϲ
ºŸڤЦЦ׼ʲôʱװ
Ȼ׶ˣǽҲͿ˰ɡ
ڤЦЦº󣬵ʱλҪ
϶ȥġ
ֱӵͷȻʶã׿˵۹׼ԷǸԽύ֡
ȵ뿪󣬸ڤβûļҶҪʰĸϣãΣСһᣬֱӻȥˡ
층ڤҲǺ˵ƣǾƵŨȲߣڸڤ˵ֱС˼
˵ǧЩˣŴľƣʮڤλû⣬ԱԼľƣǾͲԶˡ
ȥ󣬸ڤαֱ׼Ϣһˡ
׼ȥһЩÑȥַӵԼʦ
Ȼ߿ƾ·ǾԾҪҸʦҲȥѧϰַӾõѡ
ټҲǸӣ˱Ҫѧϰ֮⣬ɼ⣬ȻˣⲢԼ棬ͨǡ
ϢԺ󣬸ڤֱóֽʣʼдд
·ˣߵĵƣԻõġ
ҪģǸļҸӪ
ڳģٵθڲãҲǮˣСʳҲǷǳԵġ
ת˼ȦʲôģڤδҲˡ
ȵڶ죬ڤرˣȻһȥģǽеϣԼһȥԷûʲôĶ
ϣϣţȥ
ڤοţˣֱͳĸͭ壬ϣȥţϡ
ϣŶԷĶûüֹԷͰͭˡ
ඡ
ţĴүһ˦ӣţˡ


31 031ƱƬ
˼Ժ󣬸ڤϣֱȥ˹䡣
ϣϣûʲôĶ
ڤοŶԣЦʵ
ϣЦҡҡͷʱûʲôģ͹һɡ
֮ǰҲþûˣҲúúתһתˡ
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ȵʱԺ󣬸ڤβЦЦϣϣи⣬֪ԸԸһ¡
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ڤЦŵ˻ĵģǻȥɣˡ
ϣͷڹ֣棬ڤʲô⣿
ţȥ󣬸ڤϣȥŻؼö
ļҸһƤ棬һǱ
ɲᣬƱƬ𣿡
ڤλصԼķ䣬λϵͳֱӸһɲλ߷˸Ϣ
ͷɲҲٵ⣬Է֮ǰƼƱƬ˵ȫ޶ԽˮȶȫߣӶƱЧ
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ڤһ£ƱƬһƬ׵ı飿
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ŶԷĻڤҲˡ
ڤΣãʱȸһٸĻϵ㡣
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ڤΣû⡣
֮ǰĽڣǹŴĽִĽ֮ǰɲᷢġ
˽׽󣬸ڤαŶԷƱƬļȥˡ
СˣӼҳԷ׼ӡ
ĸڤιЦ˵
컹ʣû꣬˷ˣĸӳԡ
ũ壬һٽӿǸѵ鰡ϾҪϸ⣬˭Ҳ᲻ð
ڤЦӦ£õģӣҾͲ
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ڤεͷֱӴСųźȥˡ
һĵطļûУмֻĸļҵı
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СʵһԣڤԺ󣬱ֱӱ˹ȥ˵غ
ڤֱӽԷԷͷϵıСȲȰ
ȡ
ССص˵ͷ
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ʽСԷСһǵøո˭ߵСһܴչȥˡ
СһЦ§Լҵǵüǵãߡ
ڤװûпһԴ׵ϸ׵ӣֻЦǰˡ
壬һҪΪһ顣
ڤһԣ˿ˮи׬Ǯ֪ûȤ
üͷҪĻԼҪϣϣˣǮԼ
ҪĿĻǮˣǻøڤԼ
ڤЦҡҡͷ壬ģ֮ǰҼү⣬Ѿõ˼ķֳˡ
࣬٣
ʺȲʱ򣬲㱻Ǻˡ
Ϊʲôڤܹ赭дؽ˵ôɣǿһӶһܹõİ
ڤνƱó
죬
ȻٵصģƱʶģֻͻȻãȻڤ޸ĸôоǼҸأ
ϣʱӳڤΣ磬һͿԳԷˡ
á
ڤεͷƺûлãŶŸڤΣո˵ʲô
ڤЦЦһһϣϣϣԸҶһˮ𣿡
֮ǰƱƬĥ˷ĩĻͿһһ룬Ͼ˭Ҳûһ׵
ϣͷõģ磬ھȥ
˵ţԷֱȥһ
ļҴҼһпھģȽϷ㣬µļҹŪһ
磬ʲôѽ
Сشյڤεԣغʵ
ԷһСƿӣСƿӺƯСĺܶƿӶÿ


32 032һС
ڤССԱม
˵СˣһԵʺϣһۣסˡ
磬飿
ϣŵؿŶԷСƿӣȥʲôˮɱˡ
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˵Ĵ͵£ˮһһر˱顣
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ʱϾǴˣȻ񣬵ҲǱģԴɿתţСõı⣿
ԽԽˣȷʵܶ˼ҶҪġ
ǴˣЩ˼ҸϲϾҲֻܳŶʱ򴢱һЩ飬ܹôá
ڤһЦֻǶһ롣
һҪĶ𣿡
ϣҲСԱߣѧŶԷģַľϡ
ڤЦЦʱĸԿ˰
ҵǣı鰡
ܵһ˿˿΢ĸŵʵ
СС飬ɿؽһ飬ܽ˵ˣ϶ǮǮ
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ҲȻ̻ⶫȷʵ϶ûģҪĻҲһʮֺġ
ͷɲÿÿõġ
ϣҲ˼̣ҪһСƳĻԽƵȥ
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СóĶǰĵƻĶʮֵ棬һʮֵɡ
ڤ׶Է˼ЦҡҡͷãǺҴӱ˵ģԼģһƿķĩԿԻر
ĻǷĩҪǮ
ʲ̰˵ˣ¸ڤǼҰ϶ĸҲöԷɱⰡ
ڤεȻͬˣֻҡҡͷõ壬Ĳġ
ĸȴʮͬ˵ĶԣϣϣûʽףǵĸˣҲûǮ򣬲㻨Ǯ
ҪöԷǮĻﻹЩⲻȥˡ
ŶԷĵʵǼҵһһıá
˼ᶨ飬ڤЩΣͬĻһǺܾõģֻõһƿӿúܾãһƿһʱȲżȵǮٸ𣿡
ҪļóһӣҲòԼҵ׾Ϳˡ
ԸڤζǷ˽⣬˾û֮ǰƸƸ


33 033һʦеˣ
ڤκϣˣֱű¨ɽȥˡ
´磿
ڤκϣߵɽʱ򣬾ͿףԷƺڴԡ
׳˵ͷҲɽˣ
ڤЦŵͷԣϣϣժһЩҰ
׵ͷÿ·ʾߡ
ڤҲûпϣɽǱȥ
뿪Ӱһ˿ɫ
ǰ˵⸵ڤϣɽȳģڤζɽˡ
ʮ֪⸽ʲôɽˣУҲͱɨˡ
ԣڤˡ
ټϸڤʱʱóһЩȽĶҲڲ²⣬ԷǲǴӺģϾ֮ǰҲ
˺ٺ٣ʲôôĶѲ⸵ڤʲô
ЩɻҲֻǻ棬ȥʣȥ顣
Ȼ͸ڤνϺãͲȥ̽ԷֹԷĲϲ
磬Ի찡
ϣЩȣû뵽ڤκ׿ƺ
ڤЦЦҲãһæ
ϣͷ˵Ҳ֣ԻļҴ嶼ˣԷļֵҲ仧ˣҾãԷͨˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô룬ֻǾƺļҴЩ
ڤοŶԷӣɵЦЦԷô࣬ȥժӡ
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ʱڱ̸۵ףȥºǱӹĶ
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ժҰҲС˸СƳƵȥ
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ڸڤκϣȥ·ϣ峤˿ڤκЦ˵
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ϣȵĵɴ۾պ׼ȥϣ
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ĿŶԷ뿪󣬸ڤνţǣԺӺ棬ϣ͵


34 034ˮ֭
ϣϣСǻ˰ɣȵˮ
ĸ˻ӭȥ˱ˮ
ϣЦҡҡͷ۵ģûл
֮ǰСŶԷһȥͷľˣ˵Ҳûˡ
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ǻ
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ȻӺͳӶˣϽӱţỵȵ֭
ȣúֱӿŪȥˡ
ɸڤţҲˣʮַġ
˼һֱͬˡ
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ڤοһ£ԶһҲľƵ꣬б滹֬ˮۣұӡ
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ҲʵģͷֱվһԣǾɡ
ϣͷվԼҵԣһԴӡ
״һԵĸڤһ㶣ɵЦЦ
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ڤֱӽõĹ֭װ棬ֱһˮ֭ඣˮ֭ඡ
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ŶԷӣϣȻҲ˲úߣֱӺúȵıˮ֭Ŷúȵıˮ֭˻б
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Сѵɴ۾үүүүҲȣҲȡ
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һԵ˼ǱǰȥһЩ
ϣҲ֪ĵĺܿ죬Լ룬ݿԱһǮ
ڤΰԵͷ˵ԼδСɻͦͷԵġ


35 035⼫á
ҲԱɳ
˵бɳŲ˹ȥСһ۾һԼ˵
ٸԼҵĶӣһԵ๫๫ǹȥɡ
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һֱӳűΧС̯ȥѯһ۸Ǯıɳ֭
ۣúó԰
Сһ۾һԣ׺͵ףóԡ
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Ĺ⻹һЩĹԼһ𣬸ڤμ˵ǣ׿ϣУһľĥ档

ȵƱƬĩ󣬸ڤνõıóݸϣ
ϣһڣ۾ˣ磬رóԡ
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𴲵СʮС۾˵
ϣı͵ԷߣĶرóԡ
СҲһڣرĺóԡ
˳ԵĿģڤЦЦϣϣǲǱȱɳ㣿
ܶ࣬Ҳʮֵķ㡣
ȷʵ
ϣЦŵͷֻ϶࣬ɱҲˡ
Щ˼ҲһỨǮġ


36 036һѧ
ڤЦЦģǮ˻еģǮ㲻ʲôġ
֮ǰıɳĲϸ֮࣬ǰıɳӵķ㣬žͿԳˡ
ҲԡϣЦЦ˵ܺ
ڤεͷϸؽ˶Է
Ϊ˶ôȵţ̣ԴҲụ̂ȻĻڤοŪѩ⣬ֶζúȡ
ȻǸϣСһЩǿԵġ
ϣϣ֪Ǵ帽˭ţ𣿡
ڤο˿Էֿ˿Сţ̺ŶãӪ
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ǸζЩţһ˺ٻȥȵġ
ڤЦҡҡͷǸҺܺóԣһЩһ
Ȼϵͳ滹ѩ⣬ΪԷһǲóԼһЩ
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Сһžͣ۷Źʵ
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СɼˣŶԷʵ
Ȼˡ
ڤЦŵͷϣϣҲһһѧϰ
ϣصص˵ͷá
Ƶѧ֮Աơ
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40 040
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Ȼһһȥ
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һ۾ͿԿļֵǳĸߡ
ǵЧʣͻɱ



41 041͸үֺη
ٷֱӴԼķ˺ͺӳǰȥڸߵϵ֮ǰԼǸʣȥ
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ٷǰĻ۾һֱӵԭʮֵС
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ٷ˲ʱ骱е㲻ͷˣֱӴԼȥתСͻӳѩʱе
ٷҲѩеζֱӸЦССܵܣĶĶѽ
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СЦЦỰҸ͸һŪģǾڼ棬Ҫ𣿡
֮ǰ˵ԼҵǮأǮɶˡ
СҪܹƯȥѩ⣬˵5أѩɱǸóԶˡ
ٷЦŵ˵ͷǣ骣ֱӳļȥˣӡģʵСӣֻǱߣҲź̫ɹţȥļҲǺõġ
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ϣһ⻰֪ԷǿСͻӳԵѩ⣬æ˵ͷ˼ѩ⡣
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ϣ˵Ǯһѩ⣬ʵѾܹˣǶٷҲôǮ
۸ǸڤζµģϣҲûиģնԷ˵
ԣǳɡ
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տʼţȷʵЩζŪȷʵһζûеģֺŨζ
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ŸڤεѣĴҹ˲ٵЩʱҲ˲ٵǮء
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ԷļҴ̫ͣã֮ǰĽ棬ڤζٷݣҲЩˡ



42 042֮
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ַһһſԺ󣬵ͷһ㳤ҪŬݸһֱϲһַֻҪ㽫ݸдĺܺãڿϣٵӡǲġ
ַӺôǸţҲοԡ
ڤεͷõģһŬġ
ַӽֿһԷʱеĿģֶԷܲЩ⡣



43 042С
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ʺϣļ룬˵ЧҲ



44 044һʦΪ43
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壬ӣʥּͷǼҰɣȻĻ϶кܶ뿴Ҳôô˽ҷ䡣
ڤֱֱ׵ĽԼ˼˳˵
һ٣ǲǲã
ϾǸڤεõʥּ
ûʲôõģ˵㲻ʲô
ڤĲ⣬ˣȴãϵҫ
ڤļҳԵ緹ԼһҲֵÿ
õġ
Ÿڤε飬ļҴˡ
ȻļҺլĹϵôãôʵĳԷ˵˸ڤε󣬱ֱǸʥּˡ
ڤҲûоֱܾӸ߶Էļҡ
òÿͲˡ
֪ʥּкүӾʹ⡣
ϴ󰡣ǷôСլɣмӣʰһ£ÿڰݷʥּ
үӿʣ˵
ЦЦãһȵ峤ˣõģļҴʷһΰ
ô֪ܲʲô⣬լôô
ҪķŽȥˣǲδ˵˵ļҵ˵õ˱µİ
ڤʵĻЦЦܺãȻǺģҲļҴһӣ
ò˵ͷӻǻƺͺƤ
úãúá
үڨڨЦЦҪ˵ͷլһἸλָߵ̫үǿܾҪһˡ
լԺЩǸؿڤΣСǱǸ˾
ڤβذڰ֣Ц壬⣬Ժиʥּġ
һ㣬ڤޱš
ڣڼڵĶöʥּҲǳ顣
磬ڤξͺȥ˴峤
С㵱Ը⽫ʥּ棿
峤긵ڤεĻ󣬼زˮˡ
ԭŽ鸵ڤε׼һʥּû뵽ԷȻԸʥּ
ڤЦŵͷ⻹ңȻôҲļҴһԱˡ
ðҲͦõһҲȥ
ҲʥּˣҲûʲô˵ģžͷŰɡ
һ򲻴
峤ЦЦСȥүүǽ쿪á
ȥ
峤ҵ϶ĴЦЦȥԼүү
峤ҵıֶǱȽϸߵģĴүүǣҲļһҵ̫үǣƽʱûʲôҲǲǵġ
鲻һҪãҪʥּȻҪˡ
үˣǼλүǰҲҪһġ
Ĵȥ˼λ̫ү󣬴ҲΧԺûнݡ
С˰ɡ
̫үǰĸڤΣЦ˵
ڤγżλ̫ү˹֣ҽһ¡
峤򵥵ؽ˵һ£еļ˭ó

̫үЦЦȻСԸ⽫ʥּǾļҴҫǾͿðɡ



46 046ʱ̣Ȣ
ڤνʥּ˴ãǺ޲ģˣȴʮֵļ
ļӵеĵһʥּǿǷǳмֵİ
ûȥܼλ̫үǵ飬ڤλȥֱӿһ±½͵Ķ
ӣʮƥУӡ
ϣϣӣЩƥš
ڤƥļңԺϣ·
⣬СԼ·ɣⲼ̫ˣʺƽﴩ
ĸҡҡͷŸڤ˵
ڤЦЦЩر׵ģԸС·
֪Է˼ҪɻôõĲϣȻźÿȴû鲼ʵСǲһƽҲҪʲôơ
ǺãӾˡ
ĸ룬ûپܾ
ⲼϺãԸ·
ڸڤε·ĸ׼ϣһ׸Է
ڤ궫󣬱ֱӳŴ峤ȥˣҲһƥԷ
ʣƥڤξֱ
ڶʱ򣬸ڤκڴôӵʱ۱ˡ
֣ˡ
ۿŸڤΣЦŹ˹֡
ڤεͷ롣
Ҳûпֱӳȥˡ
ڤθԷ˱ˮʲôʱģ
쵽ģٴ˹ˣҾסˡ
ЦЦ˿ڲˮЦ˵
ڤĲˮζĺܲĸо
ţл֮ǰ֪ͨҡ
ڤЦЦ˾л
۲ذڰ֣Ҳ˳ڵ顣
һҪǽ֮ǰƵķֳɸ㡣
֮ǰЩ˵Ǻ󣬳һ֣Ŀɶ˲ٵǮ
˭һĵƶأ׬
ˣ
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ȥô࣬е˼ҾĻˣǲǴһ£ûĶˡ
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֮ǰ˵ȥñµϲûü˵һϲء
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ڤβذڰֻ֣ҪõյǾõġ
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ۺ͸ڤһᣬŽ⡣
һΣһҪԭٴӸڤһЩ
õĶ˵Ȼܶ࣬ѵóͷˣ۵ȻڤԴġ
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ʱϵǮҲãʱ̫ҲãԽͣЩģʱ˻ǲõġ
ǿϧˣ֣ҪʲôϡĻǧǵ֪ͨҰ
Щźغ˿ˮȻڤζ˵ûˣҲǿѵġ
ڤεͷӷóһ˲磺֮ǰɽ濴ģ˼ųһš
Ҳ˲ٵӣⱲʲôңҲ㹻һӵˡ
ѽҰɽΰ
ʮ־ϲؿǰС磬л˰ҾͲˡ
ⶫѵһ
ڤЦЦֱöԷˡ
ûж뿪󣬱ֱӳ׼ҵķȥˡ
һɲֻΪҸڤΣһԭ׵ġ
ֻû뵽һʦȻҲ
һʦá
ۿԷԺóԷ˸
һʦЦʩ׵ģ
۲ûоöԷĳʲôԣͷԣС塣
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ļҴǷһص㣬رϲȣڤμұȽϴҲ࣬ʱ껹Ǻܷġ
ҲΪʲôļҴϲȵԭѩرķ㡣
״ʱ֣Իˣûûġ
С塣
˸ؽһ
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ȥˡ
۵ͷһҪǰƵķֳ͸Է
׵ͷһԣŸˮ
ۺ˼ڲ裬С壬㣬ʲôʱؾǰ
ʱûе
׵ȻӦһʹǲΪҵġ
һжãȻ˼꣬Ǹ˸ȵˡ
ڣװٷ֮ٵȷˣڤξһʦеǸˡ
Ǹ֮ˡ
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ֱӵͷȻԷԸȥĻǿҲûõġ
ȵԺһʦ
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ŶԷеĻøڤŵİ
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״һʦֱӳŸڤμȥˣȻڤǾһɶˡ
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Ҽˣлʦ
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á
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׿ԷҰɽΣֻǵؿһۣ֮ǰĶ˵ʥϵİϲ
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һ⻰ڤһ£ЦЦûн͡
ʵֻǾ˹̫˶ѣϾһ߿ƼʱȻҲнָȴʲôûС
ֻǽǰ˵ǻ˳һ˵뷨
ҪǣڼȻˣԺҪһӵģôЩ߿ƾ֮·ֻкôûл
˲ûܾãһʦ˵شŸڤ͵С뿪ˡ
ţˣȵڤγߣ˵ʲôջء
ɡ
Ų˵һʦ׵ؿһۣʵ
һʦͷ
ոͿ˸ڤһ㱡Ľ⣬һε˹¡
ȻǺܶ࣬ӶԷ˵ԷǸдԵˡ
һʦҲ͸ֻ֪ԷиԵ
ʱҹڸڤεԱ߻һСǣȻСҲǲܺԵġ
׵ͷȻȷ˾ͺˡ
Ҳͻ΢һЩˣֻҪָ֧ڤεĶͬʱҲҪලԷ
˭Ҳܱ֤һ˵ԾһӲ䣬ˣҲලڤΣԷһ²λˣҲֵġ
ȵϰķͷȥ󣬸ڤҲûôܴˣĿ飬ͬʱҲ׼һ¹Щӳ׵顣
ܿ죬ʱ㵽˾°˺ˡ
죬ڤλʮּġ
ϣϣ濪ġ
ԼҿεСĸָᡣ
˵ԼСҪˣǣԼСҪɱ˼ҵˡ
ϣŴװԼ׵ϣ᲻͵С
ˣζҪ뿪ˡ
úܽ¸ڤԼϲˣϣﻹЩţкܶ಻ᡣ
Ժ󣬾ͲСˣԺСҸġ
ĸԼСʲôһԵĹ˸ӳʱҺӣһٶƱ㶼ţ˽ǮôһСҲǷһֱ۰ģºСҲʮ۰Էġ
ⲻС
ϣ붼ûľ;ܾˣ͵ѾӣжʮļױѾܲˣСҲˣ͵ǮţȵСٴһЩȥʶ֡
֮ǰڤγջ֣ϣؾãʶһôõ飬СҲ쵽ˣԿˡ



47 047סš
ãҺϻǮСڻСȹͶԷȥ飬żġ
ĸҡҡͷǿӲؽǮ˶Է۾Щͨ죬ⱲûʲôεģֻϣҸġ
ڤǸֵиģĸ֪Ҳ᲻õġ
ܿ죬ӭ׵˾ˡ
ļߺլĹϵǺܺãĸԼֶֶŮʲôŵˡ
һ˲ôȥţСһģҾͼ֡
ϾҲֻ˼˼ѣ˭Ҳĵġ
ڤδˣնվϣǰ
ϣϣˡ
ڤ֪ʱϣһǳĽţضһԣŶԷ֡
ϣСԶԷҪʲôͷʱҲؿڤˡ
š
ϣص˵ͷַڶԷġ
Ŷӵඡ
˼״Ц嵽
ýڤϣڴתһȦ
ǸڤڳǰģȻĻҪţˣڤҲǸȱǮģȻ᲻ˡ
ļҴתһȦڤβŴϣǵլӡ
ڤεլӺܴԺһķˡ
ϣϣţߣǳȥơ
ڤǣϣ֣Ц˵
СףͻŮ΢ҪһЩԳơ
ϣͷڶԷ󣬳ľϯȥ
ϯ˺ܶ඼ļҴˣЩϤģڤǺȾƣȵֶʱŸڤβǱˣҲû̫֣򵥵˸ʽ뿪ˡ
ϣϣá
ڤοŶԷЦ˵
ϣŶԷ񣬲˼غ
ϣرĺÿڤ׶Է᣺ϣϣǻԶҸġ
ڳˣԶϣõġ
պǻŵˡ
Ȼýڤλ׼˺ܶĶһֱȥļˡ
磬򡣡
СԺؽһ
ڤͷСܺá
Сܹؽˣǰֻܽء
ĸ˵˵һЦֱӳԼСɫҲ˿
һˡ
ϣԼ׺ǰ
ãԳ緹˰
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ʱڤβžãʥĲȻĻҲƹˡ
һ⻰ĸЦЦӳУţҲЩ·ˡ
ڤҡҡͷãǮ˵ˣСҲҵСܣֻǼ·ѡ
⼸·ڤεȻģϲǮ֮ǰƵķֳҲǺܶġûá
ȻԷô˵ˣǮĻԵˣĸҲûټ֡
ȵʰԺ󣬸ڤֱӴֵȥϡ
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ڤοϣŵɫ·ƵĶԷÿˣСǶɫģҲɷǿɰ
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󣬸ڤθϣ·˫ЬӣСҲ·һЩСߺСΡ
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СǺ«ģ۾һĵ˵
ڤοŶԷ۲СģɵЦЦүЩǺ«ҶҪˣ
ҪС˻бǺ«λүĻͦģ͸Լλ潻׺ѡ
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ڤͷЦûϵ˷ѵġ
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Ǻ«ţϣ˱ֱӻȥˡ
Ȼȥʱ·ϿһЩСӣڤҲǸСģһһϲЩСüЦġ
Ͼǻţ緹ļҳԣýڤҲںЩءԹ緹ϣߣڤαȻȥһҪȥϿΡ
ڻ֣ɵѾȫûˣѾʼѧˡ
ȵȥ󣬸ڤǸλѷ˱Ǻ«ְѶСЩ̣ȥַӼҡ
СȺˣҲ·ˣСһֻԺٻȥ
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ڤЦŵͷᱳˣʱ䳭д˲١
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ʱ䲻ˣȻȥɣճʱ̹һῼУһġ
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ڤιֵͷֱ뿪ˡ
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һ˳꣬Ҳһһˡ
СѾ˱İˣˮɫɫƵĶԷǳĿɰ
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ϣЦЦԼСܱ๫ҵ
ʿڤΣЦЦʲô°
ԽԽˣǲҲرѰ
ʱ¶ȼ½ڤβȥܻȽ䣬϶ܡ
ʵͷǰ߻õģҲ䡣
ڤ˼Ū𣿡
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ʿһ´µĹ죬ͷû⣬ѣһĽ˶ǿԵġ
ڤЦЦȵˣڼŪһĻͲˡ
ȻȲϵůôڶҲиèĵط
۾һ첻𣿡
ԣůͺܶࡣ
ڤεͷģֻļҴôʱ䣬ҲûпĴڣûС
ͷãȵˣһԡ
ڤЦЦְѿĺô˵һ¡
·أʱϴ·ѵĲϴڣǰ·ŪŪġ
˵⻰ϣĸ˵ʱʱԼСܡ
ѾʮһˣٹһʱͿ붬ˡ
ʱġ
ȥ󣬸ڤֱӽͼֽйЩͳͳϸϸд˵һĺôֱӽżĸٷ
һεڤŶԷġ
ڴͬʱԺļұȿʼˡ



48 048𿻡
ڤθûв룬ǸһԿĴŪ
˶Խ쿻ƵĻƻǱȽ˽ģҲҪȥҹ
СͲ𣿡
ĴؿһԵĸڤΣЦʵ
ڤЦӦ£ԣĻͻůͺܶ࣬һ԰·ɡ
ⶫǺܲģҪĳɱܵͣʺͨ˼ҡ
Ĵ˼ҲŪһ
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ںòлúñһ¶ԷĴȻѸڤμҵĻŪرõġ
˸ڤεĸĴҵһӺ˺ܶ࣬˵һ챩ԷҲд㣬ȵ꽫Ƶظǣûа취ڤģҲܸǸݣשͷģǽҪúܶġ
ʺĴ˽Ūú󣬻Ҫ죬Ҳ֪Чô
ʱڤμĸٷżҲˡ
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ѽ㣬㡣
ĸȻȵġ
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ԡ
ڤοһȵʱ򣬾Ϳһӣֱ˯Ϳˡ
𿻵ĵ̻Ǻܴģ㹻һڵġ

һԣСܵ˿ϣ˹ô󰡣СҪ˯
áСϾڿ˯
ĸЦԷͷСҲһ𣿡
ﶬʱҲܣ궬ܶġ
ڤЦӦ£ԣȵ峤ǴﶼŪһЩ
ڤδûӯȷʵԵġ
֮ǰдٷ棬ڤξһЩҾõĹȥ𿻣һķʽͬʱҲø˼ܵ𿻵ĺô
ԽԽˣҲ˻𿻵ĺô
ѽСǸõİ
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ллүһˡ
ڤɫδ䣬˿ɫ׼ԻүҪǲĻԶ緹߰ɡ
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׶ôǰģ㣬ټϸڤԼҲŪٷůͱ֮ǰԹĶҪóԡ
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ٷ˲ǣڤΣգȥϿСʳ̣һ𡣡
ůʱԵģԹԺůġ
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ڤЦЦ˵
֮ǰϣȵͨģʮæµ;úۣڼҲȱǮڤεȻöԷȥˡ
ȻϣԼҪӵĻڤҲǲᷴԵġ
ٷЦЦʱ䲻ˣллдλлȥԭصĻһҪҪȥĳ͡
ڤǸԽύˣٷҲԷĻǺΪ֮ġ
лĻһȥ
ڤЦŹ֣Է󣬿ŶԷ뿪ͺϣȥˡ
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ڤϣ֣Ц˵
ϣﲻ֪˼ЦЦãǾһߡ
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ˣڤγ˸ϰ֣ʣʱ׼ҵˡ
ŸڤԼԾϼҲãֲôĶַҲġ
ǵ¼ҡϡԭصټңļҴַӼңʼңԼң⼸ңǺ͸ڤйϵģ˶Ҫ׼Щġ
ھǺļҴ岻һڤζ׼ġ
ȻͻûʲôϵֱӸ¼ңöԷΪת
ڤ֪¼Ҳͨ˼ң֮ǰۺ׵ı־ͿԿˡ
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ڤҲû˿Ȳ裬ˣҸ׺׼ڣҪ鷳º͸ǡ
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49 049¶ʮ
˸ڤεĻºͷϣİɡ
ڤЦӦ£˼䣬ֱ뿪ˡ
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üиָģ⡢㳦ȼҳʳһЩ֮ǰЧҩ
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ֻȻǵȻҪһЩĶ
Чҩһ˲ΡСߵ֥
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͸ٷǵ΢ѷɫһЩ
պĵͬʱҲϢ
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ڤŷߣȥӵǡ
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ڤţҲֻ̫һ㸵ڤζǸţȥϵġ
ʱڤεĸϳֱ
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СڤԺ˻֣Ц
ڤһѽԷ˵ߣСһЩ
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򣬸װæ
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Сдˡ
ԺСԼдõĶݸ˸ڤΡ
ڤνһԵıùϸϸؿ˿ԷĬд־



50 050ﵽ
ؿһ۶ԷĬдĶڤοԷͷСһֶû
̵Ķÿһǵر
С̧̧Դ֮ǰڤζ̶Է־ʱѾѧˣǽͿԽаټˡ
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̫ˣСһӸ𣿡
Сһ⻰˵֡
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иСڣѧϰĶŻǿ
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ǽģһСһӣ˳Եġ
ڤ뿪Ĵȥ˵һСģֱȥַӼ档
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̫̫ӹϴ⣺ϴҵģ˲ǮԺǡ



51 051ζŨŨ
붼롣ĸؿһۣǰǰģҪǲУҰѵҵĽй˵
̫̫һҭһֱǮͷ뿪ˡ
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ĸЦЦģûԿ
ڣլǱߵˣĸѾó˶ԸĵãǾǱǸ֣ͬʱǱߵκҪ
״ϣҲ˿æͷͱ
ϣϣԲˣˡ
ĸһ¹ıϣ˵
һˣеĻƲ඼Խˡ
ϣЦӦ£վϴϴ֣˵ˮ
ڣϣ͸ڤζǳڴÿÿ׼ϢʮŨ
ļҳڤκϣһЩͷͲ˱ȥõĲ࣬ڤκϣ׼ҹһý
๫ȵˮ
ϣӳڤε˱ˮЦ˵
ԵĺܱҲЩɣЩڿˡ
ڤЦŽӹĲ豭˰
ò˵ŴζĺŨ֮ǰڼ꣬ÿ˶ֻƽģԼԼġ
ǰ๫ˣ껹ûء
ϣ;ʲôûˣڻû
ڤҲˣǶʮ߰ȥһˣ㴺ĺֽ
Ǳرģӭ£ĺֽҲҪģԼдֽܵſд
ϣͷãٹȥ
˻ᣬֱϢˣ˸ճףڤҲǵİģһ˻磬̵ء
ڶɺ䣬ϸڤ𴲵ʱϣ˯У׶ԷЩ׵Ĵ꣬ڤŵȥԺӣʼ
ڤһֱгϰߣСҲǸŹġ
ʦʲôʱܻ
СضԴ׵Ŀ飬ѾΪ˶Էͽܣ֮ǰеʱ򣬻С˵öԷÿհʱѵ
ڤƵŶЦЦʦҲҪؼҹ갡ȵ϶ͻˡ
Сͦϲ׵ģԷܹΪʦҲٺòˡ
С˵ͷҲ˼׶
ȻԷСҲв淶ĵطҲģģǲˡ
ȵϣʱҲ϶һ㱡
СҸ
ϣ˸ӸڤΣָС
СùԷӣЦ磬Լ
ˣǸˣôԼҸ绳ء
ϣҲûܾЦЦСڸ緹ԡ
ֵϲǸڤνϣģģǳóԣһ˼ҿ᲻ڤûʲô᲻õġ
ԼĶóԣܸɾ
Сһ⻰ͷԹԵϴ˸Ÿڤγˡ
ϣڳ˵ɵЦЦ
СԱ־ˣȻڤ˵ԷĬдԺͲö飬ڤλöԷʼѧϰټˡ
СһµĶô
ڤοС飬ͻȻ뵽һҪ顣
˶ϡֵģƴ鷳ˣСڻСöԷѧպ˵á
Сһ⻰Ӧ£ҪСʲô
ڤһЦ̸㡣
˵ţֱӽƴĸд˳ʱѧټЩȥȰƴѧˡ
СϵֵַֽǸŸڤĶ
һߵʷСû֪ԷǱ߳ˣҲûȥС˱ֱӳ緹ˡ
ȳ緹Ժ󣬸ڤֱֵһѧϰˡ
๫Ǻйϵ𣿡
ϣѧʱ򣬾;ЩˣرһЩֵĶһ
ڤЦŵͷ˿̫йϵģѧôˣϢһᣬߣŽ̫ãȥתת
ѵ̫ô󣬵ȻҪȥִִ
ðð磬ǳȥɡ
ССӣȻϲȥˣҸոһֱںѧϰء
ϣЦŵͷԷף˲ųȥ
ڤε鷿ǺůͣʱǷӵʱ򣬸ڤƵͼֽǴŵůģȻЩѲ𣬵ܱ
ƵںЩСǰһһġ
Ϊĺůͣö˶ɶ̫ˡ
˶ԸڤǻǺܲģ˳棬Ҳ˸
Ӹ硣
СԺܹȥش˸
ӿСɿ֣ЦС
СͷӣʵӸ磬̸־ǵ𣿡
СԲҶˡ
һ⻰Ŭ룬һѹ˵
ñǲС̵ĶȻСˡ
СƵĶԷļ򣬵˵ˣһǲþͱʮ飬ʮǲþͱʮ飬ٱһ
С鲻ǲ־СҲǲġ
һ⻰ص˵ͷĵĶվһԵĴһã
Сӣ˵ʲô
һµؿǰӣո˵ʲôôû
̧ͷԼҵӣҲЩ£С־Ҷˡ
һ⻰ĴСڽ̻ϣ֣
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ѵǸʱСڽ̻֣
ǰС׶ԷΪʲôôӸġ
ĴЩû뵽СȻ̻֡
ллС
ĴԷͷ˵
СҡҡͷǣŻӵ֣ȥԱȥˡ
ģڱ𣿡
־
ҲѵҲʼˣ
ӵ˵ĶЩȣϾũ庢ӶֵĿɲ࣬Ͼһʿء
๫֪Сڽ̻֣
ϣƵЩһԵĸڤ˵
ڤεͷ֪СôģûӶʶ֣ҪǣҲСԼѧϰĶ
Ȼεԭû˵
ĴŲԶӣޱȼߵڤεǰãűһ仰Слл㡣
СǺ飬϶Ǹڤν̵ģȻĻһӣôࡣ
ڤβذڰ֣壬ˡ
ܰȫΪڤҲܷСŻһ棬ټĴҲԱߣڤαϣȥطһˡ
ڲũæʱǻûʲô飬Լſڻǿտĵطɹ̫
ڤԭŪֲ߲˵ģһԼÿһζٷѶȥ
ڤδԼе㹦ˡŪһ´ķڻôֲ߲˵ʱ
ǵú˵õ飬¶ʮ˵һ죬˱ֱȥһЩںһЩдĺֽ
֪ڤҪԼдļұû򳵴׼øڤд
峤Ҳ֮ǰС̣Ҳֱ˸ڤμ棬Էд
ڤε֣֮ǰǼģܺÿģһЩдĶÿ
ϵĴҲ󣬴峤˵Ȼ븵ڤԼд㣬ͬʱҲÿȻҲøڤΰд˶ԷʮǮҲϻ㰡
ڤεд˲ٴһʮǮڴ˵ϺãﵱȻøڤдˡ
๫ǽһٶء
ϣϲ̵Žյͭ壬֪Ǯͦ˵ġ
ڤοӣɵЦЦô˰
֮ǰ˺üǧƱԷҲûôİ
ϣЦЦͭȻˣҶ˵๫ء
ȻҲкܶ˵ˣԼ޸ڤôõˡ
˵Ựˣϣʾ˵ģĽȥɡ
ڤνϣϣҲϣϣҲҺܶæء
ԭдûдܶ࣬ҶЩϵûа취ֻܶдˣ
аϣ˼ЦЦ๫ȥǳԺóԵġ
һٶأúúýһ¸ڤΡ
ļѵĳڤһӣҹˣȥҹ
ԭ˶˵ˣϣҡҡͷ๫˵һҪڼҪǾڼ
ĸ˵Ȼڤεļûг׵һĸҹģĴ˻˵ڤлԼ
ڤЦЦԷڻãǾϣϣġ
ʵ궼һģֻҪϣڣȥﶼһ
ǰʱζܵҹʱԼԼģԼԼģҲҹϰˡ
˻Ǻעҹҹģǿ϶Ҫҹġ



52 052ůʯ׹
ϣЦЦЩߵһ£๫á
ڤ๫ֻá
İܹϣԼǵˣĶˡ
һ죬ϣ׼ϴ˯ˣڤöԷȥϴ裬ȥ˸ڵ鷿λϵͳ
ƶ˹ãҪһ֮ǰǸĶζˡ
ڤһԷĻ֪ԷҪǱǺ«
ڤΣãҪ٣
Ǻ«˲٣ʮţȥ
ƶ˹Ŷ̫ˣжҪ١
ڤΣãҵ㡣
ⶫʵԼҲǿλϵͳĶûиϣΪԷһȥҲûжԶ
ԼԺ󣬸ڤαط䣬ʱϣûϴꡣ
ϣϣ߮
ҪҰ𣿡
ڤνϴ䣬ůģɢ
ϣԷһ糺죺๫ôˣ
ѽ̫ˣ๫ôڽˣûϴء
ڤЦЦ๫Ȼǽϴİ
ϣ۵Ƥ֪ǱߵûǱˮ̵ģԵúġ
ˮʵԼԼȵϴѾǰʱԺˡ
ԡͰˮǿԶ룬һҲ䣬Ѫȡ
๫Ҫˣ
ϣڸڤεĻЩ׵ĴСš
ڤǳԱıУĴֱ꣬ӱȥˡ
ڶһ󣬸ڤѾˣȥ࣬СӺһʱ䣬緹ҡ
ڵˣůͣϣڴϣССڵŸڤιࡣ
һ˯ᣬȥЩ
ڤԷͷ˵
ϣͷ˸ã๫ȥɡ
ûʲôԵĶ
ڤһ§ŶԷһ߸Է
ϣ룬Ķ
ڤһ٣ͻȻ뵽ЦЦȻ๫óԵģ֤ϲ
ֻܶԣڤҲ̫ġ
ϣͷڱȵڤ뿪Ժ˯ˡ
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ټֻһЩһˣȫҪȥϡ
һҪľһЩԵĶ˸ڤ˱Ǻ«Ժ󣬻һЩɫСԣһЩ
Ŷ࣬ڤֱȥƫƧ棬սλϵͳ档
ϣֻżǺ«͵ġ
ڤһϣÿһǺ«ĶˣһٶҲ㹻ˡ
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ϣܶСԣﴽһЦлл๫
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ҪǽϣͻȻ˵ҪڤζҪԺﻹĴڡ
ڤƽֻԹһΣֵиĹҲǽȥĦģ֪ô
ϣһЩڤλڳ߹ȥ๫ʲô
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ڤνϴɾĸһԣһˮɡ
ϣͷ๫ҪԼ𣿡
ڤЦЦĶܺóԣϣϣѵǸ
ϣͷȥｫľƵùʲôҪģ
ڤν棬ЦЦϣϣҺɣһͿˡ
˶ӣ׼нĶƷ
ϣ׶ԷҪʲôԱֱӶԷĻʲôʲô
С˸Ǻ«æǰæģֱӵ磬СҲ԰æġ
ڤԷͷЦЦãСȥǰѧƴϰһ£һҪġ
һ⻰Сһ٣ͷõģС֪ˡ
ڤκϣ׼ȵ׼ʱŵҲˡ
ΪȽڤûϣŪԼһһ㵷顣
ڵ֮ǰкˣȻЩ۾ڿܵķΧڡ
ֽͶڤŪϣջ𣬶ȵȫŪԺ󣬸ڤν黹лһ𵹽ȵ͹
˲䣬ζϯ
ȿȿȣ๫
ϣͿ˼оᶼҪˡ
ڤҲЩ˵ϣˣȵζɢȥһЩ˲½˳
õͶڤν׼õ֥ڹ͵档
ȵһú󣬵ȵһԺ󣬸ڤβÿӼһ

ڤγһں󣬾ζ
ϣ̽Եسһڣ۾һ๫úóԣܾýܺóԡ
ڤοŶԷϲҲͦ˵ġ
ϣСһ㣬ֻԷԵģֻǷһ͡
ϣϣǸһЩ
ڤνõֽЦ˵
ҲǺܺ͵ģ֮ǰϣͦ᲻õģζôãǵСҲͲˡ
ϣͷ˴Сȥļҡ
ʶԸڤҲͦģһԺֻ˹ȴԵڶ
С
ĸҲֱˮŸڤʵ
ڤεͷܶԣϻ𡣡
ʵĿζϣһģϲϻ𣬵ȴ̲סԵ㡣
ϣˮЦЦ๫ζĺܲԹȻЩҲȺġ
ڤβɵЦЦܲ볦θԺ󣬻ǻЧġ
ĸװһЩ峤ĴҶһЩ
ڸڤ׼Ҳ٣㹻ҷֵˡ
С㲻ܳˡ
ĸһСԵļˣһԵȫ
Ҳˣһó緹ˡ
ոճֺˮˮоˡ
СԼˣЩź죬Ҳûз
ϣˣ֮ǰ˳ˮԵĶǺܶࡣ
ڤ֪»𣬱ֱȥ˴ĴһЩ衣
ϣСһŵˣ
ȵڤλؼҵʱ򣬾Ϳԭһֱ˯С̣ʲô
Сų˸ڤεϢ˼
Ѿĸ´СˣĸǶӪҲССݵġ
ڤοɲҸԷֱ˼Է
ǣӣҲζԷǵʵ˸ڤһֻûиԷι⣬Сʱţ̣ڿԳˣһֱι⡣
ڤβϣѪԶûˣȵԷٴһ󣬿󣬸ڤξʹöԷȥɽԣԼԼ
̳ԱԺ󣬱ֱӻص˸ڤθ׼Сѣر۾˯ˡ
ڤ׼СͨŵůĹҲů͡
ڶˣƶԷҲܻᶬߡ
Թ緹ϣȥ˯˸ڤȥ鷿ֱҵ˷ƶ˹
ڤΣƶ˹ԸʮǺ«
һٸ̫ˣڤξθԷ
ƶ˹صĺܿ죺Ŷллʲô
ڤοһ۶Էڵλ棬ƺǸħλ棬룬Ǳпů͵Ķ𣿡
쵽ˣϣʱֽűģڤαԷȡůĶ
ֻûůҲ֪˵еůǷãȻĻһϣ
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õԺ󣬸ڤηڲϣȷʵܹҼϸܵһůЩ΢ĳƺҲˡ
ڤΣллƶ˹ǳá
ƶ˹ÿҲллǡ
ԷıǺ«رóԣǳ޻޼Сìܡ
Ự󣬸ڤοһǸ׹ӣƶ˹ģ涼һСס
һԼλռ䣬ڤҵһЩϵ׹ӡ
ڤûָļң͸һַӾͿˡ
ţڤֱ͵׹ȥַӼˡ
ӣҸͺóԵˣЩҪԣȻϻ𡣡
ڤνһԣЦ˵
ַӿŶԷЩСʳ˳ˣǼǿİһˡ
ζ
ַЦЦԷҲǸܳġ
ڤЦЦһԵ׹ó׹ͨͨ͸ʯͷǵģҲʮأֵǮһ
ţã
ַ˵ܺãַӿΪһЩԵʣ嵹ûַ˺ãڤֻԷ׼һ
ַӻ᲻͸˭ͲǸڤοԾ˵ġ



53 053ļҴĹϰ
ڤνַԺȻַӰٰƴǣڤλöԷˡ
ȥʱϣѾˣŸڤ֮ǰŪĹ衣
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ڤЦŵͷڲˮϣϣԽԽˡ
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ڤЦЦһóһ׹ӣһůʯԺͻܶ࣬Ҳ
֮ǰһĻܶġ
ϣһؽůʯù棺๫Ȱ
ΪȵģǱչ󣬲Ųů¶ȡ
ڤЦЦڲϣǲȵģͬõġ
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Ŷ촩ö࣬Ҳһ׹ӡ
תۣ㵽˴ʮˡ
磬ڤκϣԹ緹Ժ󣬱Ҫʼɨˡ
ʮһ죬ǲɨӭµӣͬʱҪҹҹ
ϣϣǾʹɨһҾͿˡ
ڤνŴ򿪣Ц˵
ûסڷſͨ͸Ҳǲġ
ֻҪɨݺңгԺӣĵط㲻ɨҲûйϵġ
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ڤӦ£û⡣
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ˡ
С̫棬Ժ溰һ
ĸЦЦϣϣǴˣ
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ĸЦЦҲûʲôˣֱȥȥϢˡ
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ҹҪú׼ģļҳԵķҲǷǳķʢȵ˾ͻصԼļҡ
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ڤЦЦڽĻǲģܹԵ˵ĺܲ
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ڤοһһҲӣɵЦЦǵͷɣů͡
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54 054ȥɽұ
ڤοϣ糺ɵЦЦ׶ԷĴ֪꣬ٵȵȣһء
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ҰʲôģûָŪ֮ǰŪҰֻڵļ̫ˣⶼԲ𣬸ڤβķʽöԷ⡣
ƵسȥҴ˿Ÿڤѯһ֪Էүĸ

ۣҰ
ôҰ
ҵĺǿڤλӭȥСһ̾ؿŶԷҰ
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๫͡ϣɵһЦ๫ȥͺúÿ飬˳Էڽ㣬
Է鷿úöɣȻĻַˣǿɾͲˡ



55 055Ϸ
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ڤ鷿￴˻飬ֱӽλϵͳˡ
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ɲϣ·ƽʱԷԼ·᲻ãοˡ



56 056׻
Ϸˣڤδϣ뿪ˣԶӿ뿪ϣһ˿ɫ
Ľˣţð
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һֱԼĵطʰˣô뿪Ϸࡣ
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ڤΣҪǸͼǸԺʱæˣͰ
ķߵǸ᷿Ŵ㹻Ϣġ
סǿԴɨҺ鷿طǲܽҲϲ˽ҵҡ
ÿһʮĵǮԵĻ÷ֿʱ򣬸ԼһݾͿˡ
ڤҲԼڿֱ࣬÷ݾͿˡ
պ˶ˣڿǷֿԡ
ȻˣڤβûͬԷ˼Ȼԣڤεһ죬ǻԼݡ
˶ԷĻ˿ǣү
ԷҪ󲢲࣬һǮ̫ˡ
һʮģҲǲٵİ
ڤ˵󣬿ϣЦЦϣϣûʲôҪģ
ߵ᷿Ժߣǵһһ롣
ֻҪΧڵģǲ˽ȥġ
ϣ룬ûʲôһǽһ¼
ãϣϣˣȥ̡
ڤЦЦ˵
ϣͷŶԷȥˣɵЦЦ
Լ๫ʱǿɰȻһֻС̡
ڵڻС͹ûʲôϣʶҲġ
ڤȥһ̣Էͷ˯
ȵˣöԷȥɽתһתɲǵҰҲûˡ
ϣǽһ¼õĶ͵λãôã·ϴˮôõȶ
õģллСү֪ˡ
ｫϣ˵ĶˣЩ̾
رϣպõˮֱӵ䵽䣬ɵЩ̾
֮ǰңҲûôõġ
ڤ鷿￴˻飬ϣЩĺͱˮ๫ȵˮԵˮɣ
ڤЦŵͷˣͽ⼸컹䣬Ҫš
ϣЦŵͷãҸոѾôüĶˡ
ڤγˮϣһȥһˣ´ˡ
¹ӻˣϣ֪Է˵ףڻ϶ûʲôԵģһȥʱ򣬴ԵĶ
ôҲԼ๫ѣϣȻۿѵġ
ǵã֮ǰ˳׵ʱ򣬶Էæ
뵽ϣмǵԼ๫ȻĻô׳Ϊء
Ҫ֪Է˺üˣ峤ҲûԷ˵仰ء
ڤζһ£ЦЦϣϣܵ
֮ǰû뵽ôֻ࣬ȥһ¡
ϣЦЦŶԷ˵ˮֱӳȥˡ
ڤεȵʱֱȥ¼ˣԪӾǵļҴ壬Ҳúü죬Ȼˣǵݣ϶ǲģĿܾġ
´磬ǻˣ
ڤŲٵĶ¼ҿĿˣҲһ
ֻһ㣬Էĸ˿϶ǲԵİ
׿ڤκЦŵͷ
֮ǰϵʱ򿴼Էˣû뵽Էֱӹˡ
ڤҲûпһԣϣϣ˵Ǹջ϶ûжЩʳϳԡ
׵ͷûоܾãллܷˡ
Էˣ˵Ϊ˻׶ϣӰҲһЩˡ
ڤЦЦ˿ڲˮڲԪһΪȵµǲŻ
һԣԼĶݸ֮ǰҵǺϲصףҴġ
֮ǰڤθЩʳ¼˵ǷǳóԵģЩĶˡ
ǰĶڤЦЦҾͲˣպлᣬһŰлĸ
һܸ˵ġ
׻˽Լҵģ֪Լһѣ˵һͽܣﻹǺܸ˵ġ
ҲڣСǷڶ
ʱûڣҲ֪Сûƽյİ
ڤЦЦģǺɵģ˴һ죬ĶС
֪ǲΪԭСһЩЩˡ
׵ͷٹȥ
ʦģҲø֮ǰûüڲ
ڤЦЦСҪ֪һܸ˵ġ
Ҳһ˿Ц⣺ˣ֮ǰҵǸҩûа취
֮ǰڤԼ洫طĽڣΣڤβãԼó
׿ԻվԼ
ƲģȨҲˡ
ڤ룬ҡҡͷһо֮ǰģǸ´ţԷһõġ
ЩźصͷãҪоˣһҪһ
ǸҪرĺã֮ǰºСˣöԷһǸҩЧѡ
ڤεͷãҪоˣһ㡣
ҪоһôĶ˵ҩƷ



57 057㱨ͯ
¼Ҵһᣬڤα׸Ķˡ
ˣϣϣѾڼȥԷء
ȻȵڤεҺ󣬾ŵ˳
ϣϣһˡ
ڤֱ߽Ķһԣ´ڻ񡣡
ϣĶЦЦһɵþˡ
๫Щǲ̫ع
棬һЩԴö⣬һЩΡϺŵ׹ȶϣȥǴαʹ͵Ķ⣬õĶˡ
ڤοһۣˣûϵϣϣŰɡ
֮ǰĶ˵ӵֵǮЩ֮ǶԷֵǮĶˡ
ϣŶԷô˵ҲˣҵĹȵպ㡣
˳ڤ§ŶԷ¡
ԳϦڤκϣÿҪ顣
ڶһ磬С𴲶ʱ򣬾ŵһȻס
СϴʮľϲЦ⣬һСſģʦ˰
Է֮ǰؼҹˣΪµײŻء
ͷˣȥȭҿûи
СͷԺ㻹ǻشȭͷ
ĸףЦЦ¹ˣ
СΪʦտʼʱʷܾȵģҲϰˡ
׵ͷ˸
ĸԺȭĶӣЦЦȥ緹Ūá
ȵԺصͷû˺󡣡
뿪ʱ䣬ԷǺŬġ
С˵صͷʦһŬġ
ȵĸ緹úԼҳ緹
ҡҡͷллһȥԾͿˣС緹һҼ
СͷԼʦ͵⣬ӻСֱ֣ӻȥԷˡ
ף緹Ӷˡ
Сһϣôܲأһỹȥ¼ңץʱԷ
ĸӣɵЦЦСãǳԷɡ
ڤһ壬ȵϣ󣬳緹ֱӳַӼȥˡ
ˡ
ڤνĶݸַӣд֡
ַӿˣЦЦС˰
ڤҲûп֮ǰĵĽһԵַˣָ˶ԷСһ飬ַӵһԡ
ַӿһдĿģ˵ͷԽԽˣŬ
鿴ôˣ
ֻҪֺÿһЩַӶڸڤĶͷĺܶˣԷһԵˡ
ڤЦЦͬʱһЩԼɻĵط
ֱַӴŸڤȥ鷿˺ú̽һ¡
ڤβǺĵطһ£ַͻȻһ飬ˣҪҪͯԣ
ƾٿԣһҪüһԣһǻԣһαǵˡ
ڸڤεοԲˣԻǿȥһġ
ȻˣַҲûָڤһξܿϣֻöԷȥϸһǸΧ
Ȼ˴뱲ӣһֱţΪˣҲ֪ģڤƽѧϰǵ˿ϣΪӦûпãǾЩòʧˡ
ڤЦЦѧҲ㣬㲻һϣȥˮҲǺõġ
Ҫǣᣬûνģ⣬ûν⣬ҪʵĸܿľӣǱȥһſԡ
Ǻãȥɡ
ַЦЦֱӸ顣
øڤԼǿ϶ǲʾģ滹кܶŵģЩҪڤȥա
Ȼ㿼ͯԣǸڤεȻŬģʱÿ춼ּȥͬʱַӵĽ̵£Ҳʼдˡ
๫Ϣһɡ
·ݵѾˣů⡣
ԴӸڤξԺ󣬾һֱںŬѧϰ
ͯҲ򵥣ҪԡԺԣſͨˣҿĶѧϰ徭ͬʱҲȶ
ֻͯĿڿš˵Ҫ΢һЩҲס
ڤνӹϣˮЦЦãϢһᡣ
ϣվ󣬸ﴽûһЩ
Щ죬ԷŬӣɵģǿģۣһֱֶ֧Է
ڤ֣ԼĻţͲˡ
§ϣڤξԼƺһЩ
ϣһЦڶԷϣǲǸñˣ
ڤεͷǣϾȥ档
ͯԵĿԣҪģҲҪˣַӾдһţΪڤεĵˡ
ϣ§ãҵ๫
ڤգЦЦû£ҪǾԼԡ
ȥ棬Ӧò̫
֮ǰʱҲãȻĻҲһܹõϡ
ϣĻûдӦ
ŶԷһ
´һᣬϣȥˣøڤμ顣
ڤοŶԷ뿪󣬲ɵЦЦܽſˣĻԣҲԡ
ڶһ磬ڤΰչǳ㸴ϰһѧݡ
๫Գ緹ˡ
ϣӳŸڤ˵
ڤϴ˰ЦЦãˡ
һ磬ϣҲһˣڳ緹
ϣԷ˸ЦЦ๫һĵģҪŶӵ˶࣬ͳһЩ
ⱨʱ϶кܶ˵ģҪǵ˳Է㣬ԳԵ㶫ӡ
ãҲ㡣
ڤЦӦ£֮ǰ룬ⱨһкܶˣСģ˳һ㣬ҲЯʽСӣĻŶҲˡ
ϣЦЦԹ緹󣬽Լ׼õĶݸ˸ڤΡ
ڤοŶԷ׼һĶεЦЦϣϣ̫ˣҳԲġ
ûϵ๫ţҪһֵýõˣԺѵİ
ϣĺܶ࣬Ȼȥģǿ϶Ƕˡ
Լ๫ûһѧϰأ˵һαء
ŶԷģڤֻЦӦˣϰ󣬿űǣ˱ϣϣϣˣҾͻԵ㡣
ãһģ๫·עⰲȫ
ϣһ汻ĵӣʱ䳤Ҳᱻĥˡ
ڤŶԷЦЦһ˦ֱӳļҴĴȥˡ
ϣһֱſվţ֪ԷӰˣŴ˸Լȥ
СүҪ˯𣿡
￴ϣ˸ʵ
ϣͷһȥ˯һҪûʲôµĻͲҪҡ
ЦӦ£ãСүʲôˮ
ˮܶ࣬ڤξһЩλӵĹ⣬ͳҲܳԵˮʳҲãڵ״̬Ϸʱˡ
ϣ룬ӾͿˡ
ͷȵϣط󣬱ʰˣҲԺĻһ¡
ڵƽҸλԸҲã˵̫òˡ
ڤγļҴһƫƧĵطֱӽһֵĵսλռ档
ôһģĵĳԲỵҲĸ
һ֪ڤȥϣСȥԷ
ȻСȥʱȴ֪Լ˯룬Ҳûдţֱӻؼˡ
˯Ҿͻˡ
Сһԣĸ˵
ĸһ٣֪϶ˣЦЦǾ˯ɣȥɡ
СͷֱӻصԼķ
û棬鿪ʼѧϰǸڤ͸ģƴѧ˴ˣҲЩֵַʲôġ
ļҴ嵽سʮ๫ڤٶȲ죬ʱ̲ŵ档
һʲôطԴƥҲһⱨʲôطڤˡ
ƥĴãڤαԼİֱȥſʼŶӱˡ
ȵʱǰѹѹһƬˣϳһ顣
ڤڶβվһᣬһһ˴ӽȥʱ䣬һյĹҲҡ
ǰʮˣڤˣһʱſŵ
룬ڤαֱӽĴıЯʽ˳ֱһԡ
֮ǰĴͼöԷģֶǺܼ򵥵ģ͸СǵģСҪͣҲһЩڤһţҲǲ۸Сġ
ŶԷĲǰͺ˶ˣƺ룬Լôûôõķ
ŶһֱվŻǺ۵ģڤ˺ܶడ
ڤһҲں˵۹⣬ֱͳ飬ʼϰ
ھͯԿûжˣܾԼкܶ಻㣬رǷһ飬ͯҲֻ󣬵ڤϣֻҪǿԵõķܷŹ



58 058׸Ŀƿ
ſŶӱˣŸڤԴʡģ飬һʱ֮䣬֪˵Щʲôˡ
֪ҲһЩڻȣ·ݵ̫Ѿܴˡ
ڤοһϵ̫Сˮ˿ˮ
ȻƤʵģȷʵµģǸڤרŶһģȫǱˮʱź
ȵŵڤεʱѾʱˡ
ڤνҪĶһһóˡ
ôĶӣڤξسһ䡣
ѵһˣôҲҪ㶫ȥ
˲ͷıڤȥ˸緹˸ջϢ
һ·һĶӣڤỹͦ۵ģҪǲ˯ĻĲһŵס
ȵڤ˯ѺѾδʱˡ
뿪ջ󣬸ڤس˹䡣
̫ȻȣϢ󣬸ڤεҲܹȶȡ
سĶǱҪһЩ£ͬʱʽҲࡣ
˶һЩڤһЩߺͻȥˡ
ϣڼ棬ʱʱسȥתһȦ
⼸ļҶǮʱˡ
ڤιһʱ䣬ֱļҴ屼ȥ
˵ҲɣȵԺÿʷ

ڤδ˺һ
ʿЦЦˣ
ڤεͷֱӰԷţϡ
·ݵʱʼҲţ
СȻȥϣϣ϶ڼȥء
ĸţϣŸڤ˵
ҲҲ·ģţٶû죬ԷǸţȥͦġ
ڤ룬ãҾȻȥˡ
Է˵ҲԣƵģƵõʱ̲ܵ档
Ÿڤ뿪ˣĸһԵʣЦЦûҴɡ
ǻ۹á˵ĸøڤǵĸ
ĸЦЦǵȻˡ
һߵĸڤΣٵسļҴ屼ȥ
سʱιúܺãټϸڤλ֮ǰι˶ԷһƻٶȺܿ졣
ϣԼԺӵСͤ棬Ƶسˮ˸ȣһûһš
磬ʲôʱ
һѩСϣһʵ
ϣЦҲ֪Ӧÿ˰ɡ
ʱѾ뿪سˡ
Сһѩ꣬سǲǺԶ
ϣЦŵͷǰԶ߰˸ﵽľ롣
ԶģȻĻҲôûûлˡ
Сүʲô
ӳͤϣʵ
ϣЦЦϳ⣬๫϶ûãһƹϾͿˣʳ㿴ɡ
縵ڤ϶ûԺã϶Ҫģʳϣûʲô̫ԵģԷʲôԡ
õġʵСŴȰСүϸͱԺòã
СͷллСͱ
ԷͱܺóԣҴģҲֻб㡣
ϣԷཱུЦСԽԽ֡
СҲɰԲԣ
ڤһʱ򣬾ϣĻ
ϣ̧ͷǣĸڤΣվŶԷ߹ȥ
๫
ϣŶԷЦ⣬Ҳˡ
ڤα˱Էͷˡ
ϣ˵رQһ£תͷҸһ
ЦЦ֣Сүʹүú˵˵ء
һԵͷȥ
ϵȻĻλүܾͶˡ
ڤηԸǶһЩʺĸһʱԷͿˡ
๫ˮźˣȥϴɡ
ϣ۵ظԷϵĺˮԷ͵ˣʹ˰ɡ
ڤЦЦãϣϣȥϴ裬˶Ǹ档
ϣͷӦ£Էϴʱ򣬾ֱӴ򿪰һ£滹вٵĶأͬʱ֮ǰȥϵĵҲûꡣ
죬һˣͻЩζٺãϣҲⶫҹˡ
Щ㲻ĸ㣬б鱣ʣϣֱιͿˡ
ʱ򣬼˶ʮֻСҲСˣٹ£Ϳµˡ
ϣļҷϴ˸ֱ߳Էˡ
Ǵġ
ڤνĶùСġ
ʿǰ·ЬģɵЦЦһϢͰˣĶ󰡣´βøǴ
ĸŶԷܸȴ򶨵ӣʮֲزˣСںĻллΣϲ
ξǸ˵ӣǽģƽﲻҲǺõİ
ö߰лл򡣡
Сǰߺ飬Ц˵
ڤԴأֱˣҪͰ
ϣӰ£ѾܹϲˣʱԼҲе˼
ϣ˼ЦЦ๫һȥ汨ô˰
ڤһԣ˵ˮѾˣ͵ʮ·ݵʱȥˡ
һԵʱʮ·ݣʮ³ʱˬʱã϶Ǹʱġ
Ҳ˰һʱ䣬ССǾˣϣϣģҲ顣
Է¾Ϳˣ϶ҪŬİ
ϣ͸ڤζһۣɵЦЦû˵Լ๫ϲģԼҵ͵ſڡ
ڤοһԼϣ׼ĶϣϣǸģϲ𣿡
ϣЦŵͷóһ๫Щģ
ǰҶڿ飬ҪĵĻͿ
ڤЦŵͷŶԷطȥˡ
ڶһ磬ڤξȥַӼ档
ѾˣȻҪַ˵һ
Ǳͺá
ڤԺַӽԼ飬ʹŶԷȥһԡ
ڤεͷãҾͻȥˣ顣
ַӵͷ鷿˼Է֪ῼʫȿ
󲿷ֵͶ̶ģ¸ոյǻ˭ƿҲб仯
ڤεлʹ뿪ּҡ
ˣϿΡ
ַӿСܲͷǣЦ˵
ӦˣȥĸڤλǺܺİ
˵ǸѧڶȥˣҪһҲԿԣȻͲöˣǸжð
ڤλȥ󣬱ֱӿʼˡ
һЩĬд֮ǲĵģҪĻǲۣ֮
Ϊ˸õ߲۵ˮƽڤֱӽҷΪ֣һŻ壬ȴʵĶһֿעʵ
ŵʥϰļ飬ڤǸƫڶԷעʵġ
˭Ҳ֪ʲôӣԸڤλ϶߶ѵ
ϴ֮ǰþҵ鵽ˡ
Ͽ̧һ˵
״鷿߳ӿ˿˵ͷԣߣЩ̧ȥҰɡ
ԭ͸ڤεİ
ϿȻʱŶ׼ƿ
ºں棬С̧ţƿףǲ֪Էмɰհ
ǰ棬Ҿû⡣
ڤμȻһʦеǸˣǶԷ;ԲССĴ
Ҫǣ֮ǰڤѾ˻ǺһЩġ
ϾΪΪĺö
˳Ÿȥϣֱ£ȥ鷿˸ڤΡ
๫´ˡ
ϣţ˵
ڤδţǣŶԷ֣ã֪ˣȥһ¡
ϣͷֱȥ˲ˮ͵ġ
´硣
ڤ߹ֱӺ״˸
׵ͷҸҵ飬˵׼ƿҲЩܰһЩæ
˵ţһԵĳϿͽӴˣ֮飬һЩָ塣
ڤЦЦֵлл´磬ҾͲˡ
ȻԷЩ齻ˣ˵϶õġ
ټϾǺôҲӽ£Ҳ࣬˵еıĸдء
ײذڰ֣Ҳûˣ׼ôˣ
ڤκڲˮЦԣܡ
Ŭˣ˵ûʱˣǾͷǳˡ
׵ͷţɣʲôҪæľܸ˵
ڤЦӦ£ͶԷ뿪һЩѩȥ
ȥʯô˶Է¼ҿ϶ǲȱģЩԲ꣬Ҳữ
ȵ뿪󣬸ڤβϸϸؿһ飬鶼ǷǳģעϸͬʱҲһЩ۵ķģ֮ǰڤοѰҵƿĿ
ΪҲһ˼



59 059ϣ
ڤνЩ鶼鷿棬ЩҪһһ㿴ġ
죬ϣ緹Ժ󣬾;ЩˣֱӰȥ˯˸
첻֪ôģر׷
ڤ鷿ûκ˴ŵģֱӽλϵͳ򿪣һ£һЩԵĶ
죬﷦ڤʱҲ͵ڿ쵽ԵʱˣûпԴʮѵĶ
λ濴һ£ڤηһˮĶһ¼飬ֱһƿ
һƿֻʮһСܾµСƿӣǴƿ
ʹ˵ڤ̫ѨüĸһΣ֪ûˮãڤοʱ򣬲ʮּУЧҲ˲١
ȵʱʱ򣬸ڤβŻع˸Ϣһᡣ
ϣϣأ
ڤγʱûпϣһʰɲ˵
ЦЦСү˯
ڤЩȣϣϣ˯˶ˣ
룬δʱʼһʱˡ
ڤεͷңŴ˯ϣɵЦЦ
ϣϣˣȻ˯Ŷ
ڤʪԷ۾գ˵
ϣ˸۾Ÿ˯ѵС๫ʲôʱ˰
ʱˡ
˱ˮˮι˵ˮԷ
ϣĻ۾ԹԺˮһЩɡ
û뵽һȻ˯һʱ˯Щˡ
ϣ˸ƵشӴ๫ʲô
ԡڤζڷ˵Ҫ󣬲ԱС
ϣһԵϣЩˮ죺๫ͻȻˡ
ڤЦЦģϻ𰡣
Ǻϻģرڻ죬ƳԺ׼ñǿð
ԡϣŶԷŶԷӣĴָʳָ⣬Ҿͳһ㣬һˮˮġ
ͻȻôͺԣȻĻҲŸڤȥˡ
ڤЦЦԷգǼǵöˮˮ߲ˡ
ͦģ֮ǰһЩȡů죬ڤξһЩ
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ϣϣİɣС϶ûġĸ֪ϣģøڤûʲô⣬ϣҲǲõĵġ
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֣лһˣлᣬһŰݷáѰŸڤαȭ˵
ڤЦЦӻ֣ãٻᡣ
ҲȲؼˡڤνѰͻȥԺ󣬱ֱӵתͷʻļҴ屼ȥ



62 062żѰ
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ܵϵԿԷȷʵԼǮ
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Ǽģĸģ˷ѿֱС
ӵݴЩ΢ѹ



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ڼ˲ӣֱӳŴȥˡ
Ե治
һ·ѰֻҪ˿ڤΣԷ
ڤЦЦΪҳ˧
Ѱԣʮֲŵط˸ۣ
͸ڤԽԽϤˣѰҲ֪ԷԸˡ
˴ں˲סţڴˮļҴ壬Ҳֻһ·ֻҪ;ԿԿü
˲ӣ㿴һˡ
·վλӡ
Ϸӵ򿴼Զ˺Ϸ˵һ¡
˵Լѧˡ
Ϸһ⻰ֱƿӣȻ˲ԶĸڤκѰˡ
Աͣ¡
Ϸֱ˵ӹ
ڤκѰϷӵԺ󣬾ֱӸԷ˸
ӣҼҾǰ棬ǹȥ
ڤζϷЦЦ˵
ϷҲû³ֱӵ˵ͷ
ǰţһƵظš
Сǣ
ĴӼڤκѰЩ档
ڤЦЦ壬ҵĿˡ
ŶŶ˰
ĴЦЦöԷһ£һǴ⣬ԼƵģˡ
ڤҲûпֱӵлл塣
ɶҪ㣬ҼĭԲ𡣡
Ĵػӻֱ֣ȥԼˡ
ǳ͸ŪľǩӣҲ١
ϷӿһĻԺû˵ʲôֻԸڤθǺˡ
ʵڤκѰĿټˣУѰΪͽܣԷǸϻ۵ģǸƢԷǳˡ
ˣһθڤֱӴŶԷһΣϷӲû˵ʲô
ڤκѰϷӳǰȥȵ˸ڤμԺϷӱֱˡ
ӣǣš
ڤζſŵĺ˵Ϸӳȥ
ӣķ䣬ѧĵطԱߡ
ڤβϷ׼Ϣķ䣬ͬʱҲԼѰ׼һϿεĵط
Ϸֻ⿴һԼסķ䣬ȥ˸ڤ׼Ľҡ

Ϸӿн̨Ա߾ǷűīֽĹӣǷǳġ
ڤЦЦϲͺá
Ϸﻹͦģ˴ŶԷȥ˹լӡ
ʱһʮַʢķˡ
ҪѾƻûãȻĸڤοԽѾóԷһ
Ҹƶѧϰ
Ϸӳ극󣬺裬һͳԼ֮ǰ˵ѧϰ
֮ǰ͸ڤƶ˵ġ
ȻٷԷϰΣѧҪԶϣʦǵöඪ˰
õģллӡ
ڤκѰһֱۣӦˡ
ϢʱϷӱֱӻصԼķ
ȵڷһԺ󣬲ŷָڤθ׼ңʮкܶණ֪ġ
ôǱϷ֮ǰԼҪöˡ
ϷϢʱ򣬸ڤκѰ㽫ѧϰԼһ飬ⶫҪ£ͬʱҲҪʱʱ̰̿նԷ׼
ȻŸոյϷӲûҪϢĴ㣬ȵݹ󣬱ֱӴ˽˽ңʼѧϰ
Ҿһξ룬Ժڿ˵Ҳǲŵѧϰˡ
˽žһ¡
ϷֱӽԼ׼õľóҪ˵нѧ
ҪǣȻ֮ǰԵľӣˮƽôģҪһϸһ¡
ڤЦŵͷӹԷľӣȻͺѰһʼд
Ϸ˵ʣ˽ӸԺ󣬱ֱӳȥִˡ
ϣļСѰ
ϷӳԺ󣬾ͿСŶԷ۵Сģһϲ
ϷӵĶȻѾˣǻûкӣű˼Ҷа۵ŮģϷʵرĽġ
Ϸӿ࣬ǶԷȴʮϲСӵġ
үү˭ѽ
СŶԷԴҸ
ϷӿŶԷЦЦһԵϣܵܣ
ϣ˼ЦЦϷӣСܵС
СϷӿһǰİӣ֣
ôôСأ
ϣһ£⵹ҲǣһֱСС
ǻûСĴ֮ǰС󣬼涼ʮֻϲǱֱӽС
Сүү֣òð
ϷСͷЦ˵
СԴҡҡͷСҪʵ
СֻͦģȥֵĻСͿԵСġ
ðأ
Ϸû뵽Էôʮֲ
ϣЦЦ͵ȵϻˣҸ˵һʱҪ鷳Ϸ
ԷǺʦԷܹСֵĻһʮֿĵġ
ϷЦŵͷЩĺˮһСֱȥˡ
ڽĸڤκѰĿһžӣ˵ҪһʱӰɡ
ʵĿǲѣܶ඼ǻԵ֪ʶЩȴͦġ



68 068Ի
ˣʱ䵽ˡ
Ϸӿһͷһʱˡ
˶ԷĻ˲Լͬطֽʣ󽫾ӽ˶Է
ˣȥϢɡ
Ϸӳǰڰ֣ȥϢˡ
ڤȥԺ˵ˮ
ϣԷ󣬽֮ǰϷ˵ҪСֵ˵һ¡
ԣǼ¡ڤͬصͷһԵСǵʵ
ǺôСĵ飬ôԲʶԷء
ϣЦӦ£ϷڽľӣԷЩˮ
ľӶԡ
Ϸӽĺõľӵݸǣָڻ֪ʶ棬ûʲô⡣
ǣڤΣĲ۲С
ѰС
Ȼ֪ʶһžӣϷȴԿ˵ı֮ʲôط
Ѱ츳ĺܲرĲۣдĺܺáڤУԷȴʮֵĴ
Ϸ˲ԣϣҵǵı㣬Ļſԡ
ڤεͷллӣ֪ģһŬġ
Ҳġ
ѰЦŵͷϷӣİǵƵһ
ϷӵͷֱùһЩ飬˸ڤεǰҪ͸⼸飬һдƪۡ
ѰģҪһʮ⡣
ϷӾˢ⻹Ǻõģ˵ζؿŸڤΣϵЩ棬԰ķһ𣿡
ȻǷӣǸڤεķͦصġ
ּͬ⣬ԷľͽˣҪ΢һЩ˵ֹˡ
ڤЦŵͷֱӵͷùֽʣʵͦ򵥵ģ˵
ڤνѧϵĶ˵һ¡
ڤ̺ܸߣѧҲ츳ϷӺѰǸã˶ԷĻԺûһڻͨˡ
ԭˡ
Ϸ˼صͷùһֱ
ѰҲԼͨʲôҲù˿
˵ĶڤβɵЦЦǲǼһЩ
ȷʵǸ÷ӡѰ˼Ĵⲽ裬ȴѾдˣɵЦЦصͷ
Ϸѧ¶Ҳܿģʱ䲻ˣ͵ɣ飬Ҫʵġ
׻˵ĺãͷ׶̹ɣڿƿ·ϣŬĻͲеġ
ڤκѰͷʾҲѧϰġ
ɫѾˣϷӿÿ澹Ȼеƣɵץס˸ڤεĸ첲
СôƣǴģ
ϷӺôҲǸѧʦʵǾǵģҪ֪⾩ǵһյƣǼ۸񣬿۰
ֻƺ٣Ļ涼ûжˡ
ϼҲͳͳֻյ̫̫һݡ
ڤЦЦӣķҲǷŵơ
ҪúһơϷ󲽳ȥÿһյƾȻһ
ѰʵҲĵƸе棬֮ǰû⣬档
ҪϲĻȵˣԴһЩȥ
ĵ棬һЩơ
ǸڤרԼŵģֵƾһֱţҲûµģĵʧġ
Ϸһ⻰ЦЦҿɲˡ
ҪܹǼյƻȥһϲġ
Ҫ֪ڼ岢ӣõĵƣҲ䲻ġ
ֻһû뵽ڤμ棬Ȼܼôĵơ
ϷӲǸģǵھǺУԭˮûеİ
ֻһֿˣǾǴӸڤȥģԷΪңЩǲǺ
Ϸӣ๫칫ӣԳˡ
ϣǣС֣˳Ц˵
ϷӵͷŶԷԵС𣿡
ûϣҡҡͷһɫ뻹аʱǲŻ
ǻıȽϣһЩˣȵǻʱֱһȳԾͿˣҲʡԼȥˡ
ǵһ¡
ϷЦӦ£ϵķˣǼҵĳշǳѵõĺóӰ
˽ˣϷҲϲóԶˣԹٵζȻҲԳǳġ
´ӳһζҲüˡ
ڤЦЦζķǳ
Ƿǳζ
ѰȻҲ˵ģ֮ǰҲ˵һ졣
ڤЦЦǳóԣϣϣȵһݣҲûˡ
ڸڤλĶ̸ҶԷĶóԡ
ܲҲ
Сˣһ⻰˵
ڤԷͷˣ
֮ǰԷԵЩϻϻ𣬳һЩСݣͦ۵ġ
Сˣ룬ҾͳһٳԺܶˮ
ڤЦӦ£ϷӺѰҲûгЩ⼸ЩˣһЩҲû¡
ȵ˳ԺǻûлϷӱֱӻصԼķϢˡ
磬Ϸо˺þãҲûôģһᣬûٹˣϴ˸ˮ裬ֱӿˡ
ʻϣڶԷԹ󣬱㽫ϷӵĻ˵һ¡
𣿻᲻̫鷳Էˣ
ʵʻǺĶģֵĻ鷳Ϸӡ
ڤЦЦû£Ӳġ⻹ǷԼģԷϲСء
üͷһãǾ鷳Ϸˡ
ڤֱϷӵţӣҡ
ôˣϷӴŽ˯£ŶԷЦЦ
ڤνԼ׼ϴƷó֮ǰѧˣˢĹߣе˵鷳С֡
ⶫ棬ˢģ
ϷֱӦ£¸ڤߡ
˵žȻȾĻҪ¡
ڤЦЦԣЩӣӦþͻˡ
ƿ֮ǰһˣ߻඼÷߸˶Է
һˣҲгɹˡ
¼СӺϤ
Ϸû뵽⸵ڤξȻʶۣ˲òడ
ȻĻ˭뵽ھϲƣȻǴôССĴӳȥġڤЦŵͷʶ˶ѡ
ϷüͷЦˣӻ֣뿪ˡ
Ҳ̵֪ڤΣ˵Ľء
ڤ뿪󣬶ֱȥ鷿
֮ǰϷӸһ飬вݰʱڷѰҲؿʼϰΡ
һʦѧÿʱܽ˶ûϢĿյֱѽڵĵ˴˿
үү±㳢ɺóˡ
СϷӺˣһһپڴơ
ϷҲķ֣СȻ´󽫾ĵӣò˵ССļҴ壬Ի
Դ֮ǰͬϷӸԷԺϷĥ˺ü죬ڰС֣ˣ롣
Ȼʽ֣ǴﻹǱȽϲСҪôˡ
ϷӽӹС±ЦЦĲ
±ھǶûģ񣬿Ҳܺóԡ
ϣĶԽԽˣڤηŶԷϣϣʲôζ±
һ±˲ٵĿζжɳģصģ̵
Ҫˮġ
ϣǺܺˮڶô
ڤεͷˮڶ±г˼顣
ŽѽڣѰҲǻؼ˵ġ
ʱⶼÿ춼й̶ķֺ졣
ΪЩ鷳ڤαֱÿ¸һΣĻҲʡĶԷÿˡ
ѰϾǶˣ˵黹Ǻеģ˸ڤҲŶԷ
±ǳ
һĻҲʡһЩһ֡
ʳһڶɳ±ֳһݱƤ±ЦЦСǶˣԹļҴô꣬ҲûмЩġ
ԺԶУҲʼˡ
ڤκƹĹϵֱӽЩ±ʽ˶Է
ƹҲǸģԶڤҪԷֺ죬ڤҲûоֻܾҪķֺ졣
ӣӣǸ
ڤνõ±ˮ˷ֱ͵ַӼҡ峤ҡĴҺ׼ҡ
ӺͺͷȻŶȥˡ
˶ķǳãͬʱҲǳظмڤܴа
СһЩȥͷ£ԼҪ峤塣
ϷһЩò±Ÿڤ˵
ڤЦӦ£ר׼һСӣˮʲôС
Ϸӵղ峤ҲǸģʱַҲȥתһȦ
ϷӸ˵ؽԷӽӹţ˶Ϣһ죬ҲϢһ졣
ڤνĶʰһ£ϣ󣺡ϣϣתҪˣ͸˵
ΪȫһϣҪġ



69 069
ѽڵʱ˹ĶʮֵĿģǽգʳΪСҲ˴ۣٵ˶ϼҴڵȥԶ
ʺ츸˶ʵҲʵϣ˻Ǻܹ˿ǵĻӭ
ˣǲˡ
ʮԺѾʮһ°˺ˡ
ϷӱҪˣԺ͸ˡ
ڤκѰվһԣллӡ
ʲô
ϷЦЦӻ֣ҿھǵǣǿɱҶˣȻĻɲҪ˵ҽ̹ǡĻԽȥǶ飬Ĵ壬Ҫúܶİ
ǺӣرѰ
ʦһ˵ġ
Ѱ֣˵
һµĴԼƺֽ˺ܶࡣ
ڤҲЦӦ£ԼΪ飬Űٷ֮һٵˡ
ϷӿЦЦȥˡ
һΣϷǻصľǣڤ֪ԷȥˣҲ׼˲ٵеơߵȶͲ˵ˣ׼˲٣ũɫƷ
ԴӳԹһ㳦ϷӾͰǸζһδ˲ߡ
ȵ˿ӰӣŶһۣƵطء
ѰǱȥɡ
ڤιһʱ䣬ļҴ嵽Ҫһʱ䡣
쿼ԣǻһʱ
ãһͳ
ѰЦӦ£ԭǴϷһߵģǺڼһЩʱ䡣
һ棬ѰʱȥһΣĶڸסŵġ
ôˣ
ѰȥʱÿԼҵ۾һЦӭȥˡ
츸Ҳüˣ֪ڤμôߡ
ǲҪȥﵣϵǮ
ĸЦЦŸڤδ˸ķˣ
ѰͷʦѾˡ
ȻûʽϷΪʦϷ֮ǰȵΪź󣬾;ٰһʦ硣
ڤ֪ϷӴѰΪͽܣǷǳԷе˵ġ
壬ӣ
ڤѰ˳Ժȥ˵ҲǸ鰡
˽ȥԺﵹ衣
ϣ˴˸һԵĸڤΣ๫ʲôʱȥ
Ǵһͳ
ڤֱ˵ﵽҪһʱ䡣
๫һδӺͺȥǴ֡
ϣ˵Ҫ岻㣬һ޲øŶԷһȥ
ҪȥĻԿ϶в飬һԺ͸һ𿼡
ãҲ㡣
ڤεͷԭҲġ
ĸѰ͸ڤΣЦЦҪţһԵġ
Ϊļҳĸ֪ʱһҪѹҪùǡ
ѰЦЦͷİɡ
һεԣ϶ûġ
һҪϣԸһЩ㣬ȥһЩˮúĥһЩۣųۣˮһ壬ͿֱӺȣһЩǣζʮֲ
ڤοϣԸ˲£ɵЦЦŶԷ˵˵
ѰԼ˵ûлȥס£Ļһ縵ڤξͲȥˡ
һ磬ҵ˶ˣ׼˲ٵĶ
ڤνԼ׼ůˮ̺ޱԵĺȵȫϡ
鷳ˡ
ʱϣûڤ𴲵ʱǳɡ
ͷүүף쿪ʤ
ףλү쿪ʤ
Ҳվ˵
ڤεͷϸϣϣҪˣС
ԼڣԷù¶
Ӧˣ뿪󣬱ֱӹԺš
죬ԼԼЩ
ڤκѰ棬мС輸ģĶһ̨Сƣ
ֿϢһᡣ
ڤȵʱԺ󣬿϶Щġ
ѰЦҡҡͷů裺ʱȵʱ˯
ڤûǿֱóһ飬˶
ĺӺڳԯϣŸڤˣڳԯϣУҲõ䡣
๾Ӱ˿顣
ڤκѰ֪ڿ쿼ˣѾ̲סǰҪ࿴һЩ
Ժ͸ԱȽҪԭصĲҲȥˡ
һ·ϣڤκѰ˲ٵĸ·ˡ
˳ȥԷ߷㣬ʱҲٳҪˣͿϢǺġ
ĺð
ѰűĵȻģŸڤθһµĶᵰȵġ
ڤͬصͷճ¯ʱóԡ
ıѾЩˣճʱıࡣ
ѰЦЦ֪ɡ
׼ʮȫ˿ɲ࣬ѰǰʱʱûʶڤΣ滹ԵĿɶӲĸ
ڤҲЦЦıӳ꣺֮ǰϷ˵ģȥ棬ʲô뷨
ʵȥǵĻڤҲǿȥģʱ䣬ܳϣУȥǵġ
磬ҲҪһԺ
Ѱһ£ɫЩ᣺ʱûá
ڤﴽһЦҾԹȥʱֱھǿʳΪֵ꣬ϷҲھǣڣǵԺӦûʲôġ
ѰûоãЦЦȵԣٺúһ¡
ԣһǿɵúúÿҪǳɼ룬ǿҪϷӵ߶ġ
ڤʲôѰ˵
ѰҲһͬصͷһΣҪ
һ磬ڵʱ
ԭ˵ܴҲʮֵķ
ʹǽǵĳſھͿԿˡ
ְ֣
ڤҲǵһò˵˵ĸоԭػĲһ
ѰЦЦȷʵ֣ԭشܶࡣ
ûô䣬ֱӴһ¿Եĵص㣬һΣڤɴڸĿջס¡
Ȼڤû뵽⸽ģȻˡ
λүҲǲμӿƿ𣿡
ڸڤ׼һһҿʱ򣬴һ߹һλߣ˵
ڤεͷ˶Էһۣǵģ˼ңʲô𣿡
ЦЦҼԺ⸽ֻҺСˣҪλүԸĻҼԺӣԶֵʺϿסġ
ڤüͷѵ֮ǰûԸȥҵķӣ
λ֮ǰ϶ҲĿ˵⻰ѵûԸ⣿
߲ɵЦЦǾÿջһЩɡ
ջˣûµķ䶼ãڤ룬ֱӶߣǾͶл˼ˣɷȥ
ȥҪǲеĻȥջ
úúãλСү롣
ߺǸˣֱӴ߹һӣһСĺԺǰͣ¡
λ룬ҼԺˡ
߽Ŵ򿪣˽ȥ
ڤνȥһһа˼䷿ӣԺӺܸɾݵſһС㣬Ҳ
ڤδ¿һ£⣬ֱӵ˵ͷԣԺô⣿
ЦЦλӣʶλԿҪ뿪𣿡
Ƿ뿪˼۸顣
ڤֱҡͷһֱ縮Խ
û⡣һϲֱӵʱ䣬Ҹλṩˣʮ죬ʮӡ
ôˣסϳԣһ첻һӡ
ڤֱӵͷӦ£ԡ
ֽʮӸ˶ԷԷļ۸㹫ֻڤεĶԷǮǳԵĺܺãóʮԵ㣬ޱȱ֤緹вˡ
⼸ԵĲãҲӰ쵽ǵĿԵġ
ڤβںʮӣסҪġ
ֱӵͷûû⡣
һΣ˴˰
ڤνߴķӣԼĶ˳ֻ˱Щ
ʲôְ
ѰԼŵĵһЩǸСѣЦʵ
СѺܹɣԼүүͷ֮󣬲ŽӹԷĵģлл磬ҽԪ
Ԫǰɣ
ڤҲ˹ЦЦܸǣŴҪð
һӵʱɡ
Ԫ룬ֱ˵
ÿһ߹һӣֻʱ̰棬ܻӡ
ʱ仹ԡ
Ѱ͸ڤζһۣһԣȺúϢȥһ
ڤͬصͷӺͺȥһ
ʲôģСӱȽһЩ
λүպǿԽҺү
үЦЦ󽫷˶˹ǸеģǷǳģλ
ڤκѰǰȲˣЦЦ
ʱ䲻ˣ˳극󣬱ֱϴϢˡ
Ӻסһ䷿ҲҪþΪڤǵĿƿúڱϡ



70 070͵ڶ
ڶһ磬ڤκѰֱȥŸתһ¡
Ҫ뿴һ£ӺүҵҪõʱ䡣ҲǿԵʲôʱȻʱ϶ҪǰһЩģ϶ҪŶӵġ
˲ٵ˰
Ѱܿ˿Ÿѧǲء
Ժ͸ԣἯˡ
ڤ˼ĻǾζţҪŬſڸԹдﵽһΡ
ǰſԳΪš
ڤκѰתתȻֱӻȥˡ
˻صүԺ󣬲ûϢ飬ʼѧϰˡ
ոǰǿ˲ٵܹͨԵˣٶЩŻġ
Ժ͸Զǿ죬үҲ֪ҪרıҲԸԼӲҪȥǣڳʳ棬Ҳǳġ
ٵʱ򣬸ڤκѰֱԼӣſȥˡ
ǸصˣڤκѰĿǰ㿪ʼŶˡ
Χ**˲ٵˣܶ˶ͿģڲӰ쿼˶ʮվڲԶĵط
ӺͺҲڣǽڤκѰ͵һԣֱˡ
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ڤЦЦǾͽүˡ
үһʮַʢ緹ףһλүĸԡ
Ծ󣬽ڤκѰҪ׼ſԡ



71 071ϲֿྡ
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72 072ϲ
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ŶԷǿӲɫŶ˶촽û˵ʲôˡ
ĸȥϣʹ꣬ڸڤεϣʼˡ
ķɼͰӿˡ
ʹʹ
ʹԽԽңſŹڿĲˣϣ
ڤοԼɵӣۼˣŶԷ׼ĲԷϣϣ۾ͽгǧҪš
ϣеһǵԼˣ۵Ľвˡ
һһʹϣһУоʲôԼĶл˳ȥ
ˣϲǸСӡ
űźӣȻһԵļҲæϣһ
ظϴ˸裬õĺӷϣԣǸɵģ۵Լķһʱͳˡ
ϣһԵĺӣԷС֣๫ǵĺӡ
ϣϣˡ
ڤ׶ԷĶͷ˾˯ɡ
ԷһǿɫҰ׵ģһΣöԷܿˡ
ϣЦŵͷֱ˯ȥˡ
̫ˣҲ̫ˣѾʮƣˣʱֱ˯֮С
ڤθӣȻ󽫺ӱ˳ȥĸǿһ
ϣϣôˣ
ĸһڤγˣʵ
ڤΰһ¶Էϣϣû£̫˯ȥˡ
ĸ˿ԷĺӣЦϣÿεСӰ
û뵽һգۣϣϣԼıˣҲ˰
СҲʮ뿴ƴصŽż⣺ҲҪҲҪ
ĸűС˵ССֶӡ
СССĺӣ۾ģһԵĸڤЦԺҴСֶһ档
ãǾллСˡ
ڤͷЦ˵
ñ˯ҡڤԸͲǮϲǣǻȥˡ
ȵߺ󣬸ڤαֱȥңʱ滹Ѫζ
ڤνߵĵȫ֤ϣܵһ˿磬Ȼ󽫴Ŵ򿪣һЩѬ㣬ȻֱӽŴˡ
ڼ䣬ʲôţҪ̫ĻҲůġ
ŴζҲ˵鲻Ǻܺá
ȵȫŪ󣬷Ѫζ˺ܶ࣬ڤνܵĵȫ˯ڴϵϣﰲ˺ܶࡣ
ڤνӸĸչˣϣ˯һᡣ
ϣѹʱѾʱˡ
ϣϣˣ
ڤοԷԺչι˶Էˮ
ϣˮĴ˿๫أ
ĸһԣӱϣϣƣɰġ
վһԣԼʳ¯СҲϲĲˡ
Сϣϣȡ𣿡
ʿźӣʵ
ڤЦŵͷСԲ
֮ǰжʱ䣬ϣر𰮳ԲÿٷҪԵĵزˣڤҲñ϶ǸԲֱӽжԷԲˡ
һ㶣ЦЦܺС
ܿɰֻǵһμ˸ʳ֣룬ͦɰġ
СſһԣԼСֶӣԷС֣ԲСŶԺСóԵĶ㣬Ҳ㡣
ԼǸӣСԼִˣ͸гӡ
ԣһԵϣɵЦЦСͷû£СԼ棬СܳԣҲġ
ڱСֻ̡ܺ
֪ΪˣΪöԷԺ棬ƲƲ죬صؿ
ΪķϣĲеСһһ޴ؿԼ๫
ô죬ڿޡ
ţˣȥ򲼡
ڤζȻЩ裬ȴʮֵϸᡣ
ϣû֮ǰģ˺ܳʱ䣬ȻĸˣǾҪѧôչ˺úӡ
ϣŸڤεĶЦ⡣
Լ๫һһøס
֪ϣˣ˼ǼڶԷӣܶණüɿڡ
ϣǸСŮҪһЩЩҲǿԳԵġ
Ե̣ǸڤδλһĸһЧζá
ԼĺӣڤεȻõĶԷġ
򲼵Сһ۾ϴ죬̡
ƿľͷģǲ֣ǸڤŪαװ컹ſſģá
ȵ̺ĸ̸ڤűĺ󱳣ţȵó󣬲ͣ֡



76 076
ϣ걦󣬺ȣµ¶ãʣڼҲرȣǻ
һһӣȸճʱ˺ܶࡣ
磬СԲÿɰ
Сſһԣһ˯ŵСԲС˵
ϣҲϲؿԼҶӣЦЦССʱҲɰ
ССԴŶСʱ϶ҲǱҵġ
ԼС˺öأСԲˣͲСˡ
ϣڼ䣬ڤҲŴĸϣóԵġ
ڤûŪϴŵȵϣӵʱ򣬺ͱ¾һ׼
Ϊְְ֣ڤصѧϰһ£ڴϻܲ
ȻûϴҵĺһЩѶ֪ͨ˵ġ
̫̫һңϣ꺢ӵڶ͹һˡ
ڤ⼸ʲô鶼ڼ棬Сһһðװ۵ģϲˡ
๫ϴ衣
ϣѾˣǾû
ȻʱⶼˣѾЩ̲ˡ
ڤοһ죬ǳԹ緹ϴ裬ҰŪůһЩ
Ȼ䣬ĶԷ̼ѷŪһ¡
ϣͷǣлл๫
ڤνŪůһ㣬ȥպܶ࿪ˮĻˮ˳ŹܵԡңȽԡ¶ŪĸһЩȻϣԡͰ衣
ȵ滹ԡ¶ȶһЩԺ󣬸ڤβϣȥ׼ϴ衣
ϣϴһˮ裬Ȼصȥˡ
ϴԺˣϣڱһ㱻ȹˮгһ࣬㼫ˡ
ȵĸʱ˷䣬رȣɵþһ¡
·ݣǾ̿ϣϣ𣿡
ĸǵĿһϣϾ·ݣʱĻǻ᲻ΪӳʲôǷҪأ
ŶԷĵӣϣһµǵģΪϴ裬๫ŪȺģٰԡҲŪȺϴͲˡ
һ⻰ĸ߹Է֣ȵĲŷ
Ĳ𣿻ҪСһ㣬ҪԺܵء
ǺϴģϹأ֪ϣҲܣҲ֪һӱؾĹ̡
ڤһЦЦֻҪ¶Ūúһ㣬ⶼһ¶ȣϣϣϴԺ󲻻ġ
ʵֻҪůʩúãϴҲǿԵģϾҪһ²ϴȷʵҲܵĺܡ
ĸ˵ͷﻹͦĵģȻڤζô˵ˣǿ϶Է׼˵ģϣɫģҲûʲô⡣
ڸڤεչ£ϣһµӣ߻ͦģܿ㵽ӻбµʱˡ
¾һ층ڤ˲ٵˣϵõĻ϶йˡ
ѽǵСԲɰүӴż˹μӵ¾ƣ֮ǰǿһһ¾ƱҲˡ
Ƕ濴СԲڤſˡ
СԲˣϣ㱧ŶԷȥ棬һ´СԲƤװ׵ģ۾ʮִ˿ŴŴɰ˲Ӯǰμ¾ƿǵϲ
ҲǵһοôССѣֶӳʱҲûô
ʦʦҵСֶӣСԲǲǳɰ
СϣСԲ˵
һε¾׹ˣΪһ˲Ǻܶ࣬һεˮϯǰ˶ˡ
׵˵ͷȷʵͦɰģǵһοôһװ۵Сһء
һε¾ƣĿ˶һЩϾһμСѵ񣬲һεˮϯ
ЩҾ͸ڤιϵˣѡ˳ҾǺܺõģҲһЩѽѽ֮ĹԴ˸ڤλǺܸлģ۶Էʲôһ⡣
ȻЩ︵ڤҲҪģ׼һݺһμ¾Ƶ˶ǾڤһһѹصģһЩɵû
СԲСһˣССɰʹ˸СҲһԣ׼˯ˡ
ϣԼҶӿɰģϲˣףһ˵ǸСԲˣȴȥ˯
˶ʾ⣬ոһµСѻ϶˯˳ԣ˯ܹһȦѾǷǳõˡ
ϣСԲ棬СԲҡ棬ԸһԵտȻȥˡ
͸ڤαϾˣһֱڷ棬ȥһġ
Ϊһεľ縵ڤҲó׼˺ܶʳвˣҹϹĸǹŴҾܳԡ
һε¾Ʋ˻ǿ˶ǳ⣬СԲĿɰҲӮ˴ҵģڤҲϣ͸˵ˣԼС϶ɰġ
ʷĿӱ͸ӳ谮ˣǵһӡ
ڤڼ£ȻյѰšаᵽھǹúܺãյǵʱֱȥۣڶԷİ֮£ھǿһʳΪֵꡣ
ˣϷΪʦϷӵƼ£ȥǵѧж顣
ڼʶǲ˲űĵطֻǷǳͨһˣøڤл͹ȥǵѧǷǳõġ
żаԸڤϲʾϲҶСԲʾذ֮ģͬʱҲԼʳΪ˺棬øڤԼ
ڤδſһаżɵЦЦ;аھһԵġ
֮ǰ۸Է׼һҵ̣ھǻܺģ±ζҲܻӭġ
ڤζаϷΪʦ飬滹ԷеĵģԷȥ˾ǣϷӵİ֮һջ
ʱû׼ȥǣһڵȽҪǻ±ˣȥǵĻҲǹʱˣҲ㡣
ĥīùֽͱʣʼѰš
иڤνЩӵԷ˵һͬʱһƪһԼҶСԲģԷҫһԼҶжôɰ
ں벿ָڤθѰöԷԼһ¾ûʲôʵլӣʳΪķֳɰһլӡ
ȵȥǾеطסˡ
ڤдԺúӽżӱ͵ϣȥϣ
СԲѾ˯ˣµСѾᷭˣɰˡ
๫칫ӣӾˣ
ϣŸţЦʵڤЦŵ˵ͷѰӾˣ˵һ¾ǵҲžǵķӣŵȵ꿪Ǿȥǡ
˵׻ǾǱȽϷҽˮƽҲһЩ
ҪμӽĻԣʮ׼ļʻͦġ
ϣһ£Ȼ˵ͷԣ๫㿪͹ȥ𣿡
ҪȥĻôҪʼ׼ȥǵĶˡ
ڤε˵ͷԣҴ㿪͹ȥʱҲ䣬СԲҲһˣǸ·ʱԷҲܵˡ
ڤζ˶٣ϣϣϣҪҪʵǵĿ
ǲȥǵĻôǿԽЩȫһȥǵĻôˣǾһһȥھҲ֡
ʵڤϣһҹȥģСѾˣԷҲǿʼɵʱȥܹһõĻöԷȥѧϰСδǷǳаġ
ǲԸ⸵ڤҲǲǿģϾһԶĵطҲȥȥȥôԶĵطңһֲȫС
ϣҲ֪Է뷨˵ͷãȥһʵǡ
ﲻԸĻҲǲǿˡ
ڤεͷŶԷȥ¼ңȻ鷿׼һ¶
Щûô򿪹λϵͳˣȥһһЩرǿԺҪȥǣҪߺԶ·ж׼ˣһϲȫ֮ߣϣʱ㡣
ϣȥļң˵һ¿Ҫȥǵ飬ѯһ˵
һ⻰ʱʲô˼ˣ֮ǰ֪ڤο϶ȥǵġ
Ͼ֮ǰѰѾȥ˾ǣ˿϶ϵģͬʱĻá
֪֪Ҫʱȥǣһ˾
ϣϣҺٸС
ʿԼҶЦ˵
ϣҲ֪鼱ã˺úһ£ͻȥˡ
ڤ鷿һű涼ǽҪȥǸôĶ
֮⣬дһżƻ
ҪȥǵĻ˶飬ҪǣҪɼ
ûпȡ֮ǰŪʮĶʲô֬ȶǿԵġ
ﲻȱǮ˼ңȱûǮĹ˺СǣھǵĿ϶СڤεȻɽգˣ취ǮʮҪһ顣
ҲмҵˣοҲˣΪ˺ӸõĽڤλᾡԼܣõ



77 077ȥ
ڤνƻԼ׼ĶгԺ󣬱ֱȥϣ
ϣ˵һµ뷨ڤβ⣬ҲżȥطҪģǲȥڤҲȥΪǡ
һᣬСԲѽ
ʺĸһ£ѯһСԷȥʲô뷨
ȻʾȵǣȥСһҲִڴϾʦǾǵģ͸ҲҪȥǣҪһȥĻҲͦĵġ
ҪǲȥǵĻͼСԲ
ˣȵڶ죬ʱֱҸڤκϣˡ
ϣԼҵЦЦöԷ˿ڲˮʲô뷨ѽ
ҪȥǵĻôͿһȥ˶໹֡˲ȥĻϣҲǲǿǸԼߵģϾǵļңѾϰˡ
ЦЦϣϣҺһ£Ҳȥǡ룬СҲ˿ʼʱˣǶ˵ȻİֻҪǺúøɣ϶ȥģҪǿСõõĽ̵
ȻļҴܺãû˽ӣʦҲַֻһˡ
ļҴ廹ȥһ䣬۽磬ǻôˣҲûȥȥһޡ
ʵĻϣǸˣһԵĸڤΣ๫Ǹһߡ
ŶԷ˵ӣڤҲʮֿģǷİɣȥǿ϶ûġ
ʳΪھѾˣҪھҲȫġ
СҲ֪ҪһȥˣǸˣ˵飬ҲǾˣԺھ϶ҪŰݷõġ
״С֪׼ȥǵ飬ЩȣֱʸڤΡ
ڤԺҪֱھĻҲûļҴıҪˡ
ļҴҪһԭΪڤΪĴڣڶԷҪȥˣĵ̣϶ҲҪȥġ
Ҫһʦ˵ֻҪиڤڣδһãʮŶԷԤԵġ
ڤû뵽׻ţǸ˵д˶Է´ôѽ
ϾԶԷԶԷٻţˡ
׿ЦЦС˵㿪ԺҪȥˣ
ڤЦŵ˵ͷǵģѰǱѾˣǱլӣСԲҲˣҲԶ·ˡ
⻰˵ͷԣȥҲͦõģھǶ飬׼Ļԡ
ԷȻѾţǿ϶ҪμӻԵģ˾ˣμӵԣδٳϿ϶жԷһϯ֮ء
Ҳʮڴ飬ϾԷ֮ǰԼ𿻣ѾݼˣͬʱŸڤڲ׾кܶණûó
ڤЦЦҲģϾڵˮƽҪֱӲμӻԵĻļͦġ
ڤλǺ֪֮ģЩʮҪѧĶкܶࡣ
֪˸ڤε˼Ҳ˴ˣȵȥ֮¼дһţ߶ԷԼ뷨ԼҪ顣
Ȼڤκļҵ˶ҪȥǣˮʳΪ϶Ҫиȥտġ
׻˵ĺãˮһѡҵˡ
ȻҾˮһľ룬ҲˮķΧ֮ڡ
ܿ죬㵽·ݣǾȥ֮ǰȥһˣҲиݡ
һ죬ҵ飬ָڤˣ˼ˡ
֮ǰʱһεģû뵽ˣ̫ˡ
ѣүˡ
ϣСԲЦ˵
һ˶ģҪȥǣ϶ȱ˵ģڴ֮ǰڤα׼㹻˴ġ
үӺ̫̫ǹ˼ˣôѽ
ĸԼף˵
˵ҲǸ¶Ҹǽжܶ黹Ҫ˵ġ
һ˳ȥҼҲæЩˮǣȵ֪ǵڶĬˡ
˵ǹҪȥˣ
үʵĻĬһȻԺ󻹻𣿡
ϾǾôһŮԷԺȥ˾Ҫǲˣǿ϶Ҳǻġ
⻰ڤһЦЦүԺ϶ǻģҪǱ߶£Ǿͽѹȥסһס
Ͼǻǵĸǹʱ˵ǻļҴֻ꣬еڶѡ
⻰үӲɵЦЦֻҪǻУǾͲȥˣ벻ˡ
ȻүˣǸеļʶҲеģҲ֪ǿ϶Ҫúܶ࣬ڸڤλСԲǷǳĵطرСҲɵʱȥǿ϶иõĽ
̫̫֪ĸǹҪȥˣϣĸ
˵ʱʱ㽫ʳΪү˵һ¡
ʳΪ滹ǲģҲһܶ˼ҶϲԵģܹˣҾҲġ
Ȼ֪Ҫ뿪Ϊ벻ˣүҲԼܰװ׾ôΪҪοӻгɱ䷽ռôѽ
үӸɴԼĶһ£ǮһǾɵˣǾȥǿ϶ҲõõǮ
֪үӵ뷨ûоܾ˽ǮȻǽ±ζ䷽үӡ
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ôһ߲֪ʱܼ棬˵϶ǾʱҲ֪
ȵԺ̫̫ԼҹŮ֣ǵ˾Ǿ͸дţôķ
ĸͷǻģǾˡ
үӺ̫̫ӻöԷ뿪ˣȵʱڲƵߡ
ļҲ֪ùãҪ뿪Ҳ᲻ãҲûа취ġ
ȥүӽŹʸ˵˶˵һ¡
Ǹ飬϶ҪһµģرǼϱ϶Ҫ˵ġ
ڤǻȥ㿪ʼʰˣļҴ嵽Ҫߺܳ·ģǱѶ׼˲ſԡ
ʱúܿ죬³ڤѾеĶ׼ˣλϵͳһ˺ܶණҩǷƷһġ
һ죬˵ĶʰˣڤκϣźһһһһôҡҡλεĳļҴ塣
ļҴˣеһЩ֪Ҫȥǵģ뿪ˣҲɵø̾һ
ַ֪ڤҪȥǵģ޳ɣӽ£Ըڤε϶ܴһġ
СԲѾһˣСһڳðװ۵ģеֺģϲȥҲǳĿɰ
๫ļҴ嵽ǣҪ߶õ·ѽ
⻹ǸڤεһȥǣҲ֪ǺļҴ֮ľжԶ
ڤЦЦ֮ǰʹףǿӱȥľǣһʮʱ䣬һҪʮʱɡ
ڤ֮ǰģϾһٵģٶҲ̫죬ҲżȥǣǰȫģԿһ·ķ羰Ҳͦõġ
ǰ층ڤѾѰдһˣȵǵʱ򣬹Ѱ϶鶼ˡ
룬ǺܸлԷģ˵뷽ܶࡣ
һ˴ļҴҡҡλεĳžȥΪССԲҲǵһԶţǺĿŴľɫôҲô۾š
һԵϣϣԼҶӵӣҲɵЦЦŶԷ羰
֪ǲΪˣûСԲͲôˣȥ棬š
СһﲻͷˣڤνԼ׼Сߣ׼õģСԲС϶ͷôʱ
СǵŶԷ棬Сһá
һֱڸ·ͣͣߣеʱ˿ջϾڿջϢ
еʱôãûջĻǾͻԱߴϢ
ůҲǲġ
ÿһδڤζὫԼ׼õķƷΧĻ㲻ҹҲûģ߿ƼĲƷʱǺġ
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ۣǾ𣿺÷ѽ
ϵ⿴ϣ־˺öѽʮֵ֣֮ǰȥϼʱҪ֡
ŶԷӣڤβɵЦЦŶԷ֣ȵǰˣ๫תһתҲǵһǣҲкܶطûȥء
Ҳھǹһ䣬ϾһǳõĻᣬİĻİˡ
ԳûһԼ֮ǰƶļƻǷܹԸʵС



78 078Ŀĵ
Ķ϶ǱˮԭҪܶģסӽµˣ󲿷ֶͦǮġ
²رǮҲǱµ˸һЩ
ڤοһԼҷɣ棬ȥһ£ѰʳΪĵַ
ȻԷôˣʳΪŵ˵ܻӭôϰտ϶Ǿλõġ
Ҳ֪Ѱ׼լʲôطֻȥʳΪȽϺһЩ
ã๫ȥʰɡ
ϣͷȥСԲ˵
ڤȥ󣬷ֵֽԵ̯ͦģ㳯һүǰ߹ȥһ¡
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ڤζŴ繰˹֣˵
үҲǸƢģЦЦλҪʲô鰡
Ǵعģ⾩Ҳزġ
ڤЦЦ˵мʳΪ죬ʴү֪ʲôط𣿡
ʳΪ찡үЦЦʶˣ֮ǰȥԹζһ·ߣڶתͿԿˡ
֮ǰȥԹһΣտҵʳΪǻͦ˵ģҲԵ
ллү֪ˡ
ڤЦЦóһеģΪл
ԭүҪģֻʸ·ѣڤλöԷˡ
ĵζǺܲģվһġ
ȵڤδԺ󣬱ֱúӺӽʳΪ췽ʻȥ
մү˵·ߣûã͵ʳΪˡ
⻹
ڤδӳʳΪˣɵЦЦ
ϣҲվһԣЦЦȷʵܲ
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УСԲôɰ
ѰһԼĺѣִӿڴͳһС֮ǰ¾ƵʱûȥȻǰ񣬵ǲȫһ

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ѰСĵԷС֣ЦЦлСԲϲͺá
˵Сһȷʵͦİ



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ĸ档ֻиڤγˡ
ƽûٱڤҫĺӺͷɡ
ڤЦЦУǹͿˣǳԴ͡
ǿɾ͵ˡ
ЦЦ˵
ڶСԲˣ֮ǰڤѾϷһҡ׺˵ˣμСԲץ
ȻڤβôץǺڴ׼˲ٵĶ͵һСԲץء
СԲһˣཱུСҲʼΡΡ·ˣǲŸտʼֻǻվԼ߸һ󲿷ֻ̺
ϣ֣СԲǿɰ
˸ңŴſɰ˵СԲ۾һ
ڤЦЦǵȻˣҼСԲɰġ
Ϊ׵ţ˭Ҳܷ



81 081СԲץ
һӣڤΰСԲ棬ַһЩߣöԷԼ档
СԲɰúͦģ϶ÿ
ϸСԲüۣŸڤΡ
ڤ޳ɵĵ˵ͷЦЦһҲԡڿҼҶôɰۺҪҪǳҲС
۵ҲСˣôĺӶˡ
һ⻰ҡҡͷɱ⻰ˣ֪μСԲץ񣬶ҳˡ
۾ڵͦõģôͳס
СڻûأСԺٿ顣
ľСóˣͿɱССһЩء
⻰˵꣬ڤα㿴״ˡ
ڵ׶ԱļҴףϸʤһͬʱ·Ҳû˺ܶࡣ
ļҴ״ĺͨϰն࣬ǻص¼Ժ󣬶ٻе仯ġ
ϾļҴ壬ôõ·롣
ۿԼС󣬲ɵöһ£˸
ڤγЦЦ´
׵˵ͷŵСԲº͵ЦЦСԲ֡
СԲ֪Է˵ʲôֻǿŶԷĶϲſСְѶ˹
лл´磬Ʒˡ
ŶԷݸСԲĶڤξֵ֪ƣСԲֻҪͶˣҪⶼǴҵһ⡣
Цҡҡͷһԣǣɻϰߣ
Էǵ飬Ҳ֪ģûй
ʶ˻ͦģĻڤǴһЩ㡣
ڤЦЦѾϰߵĲˡ
տʼ仯ԭôϰߣסʮˣҲϰߵòˡ
Цŵ˵ͷһѰͳӳǱˡ
ڤһ£ȻҲǽ׺ۣȻײôݵĴھǻǱȽġ
ԭǹѽΰۣﹰ˹֣¹ӣ֪֮ǰƷʲôʱʽ
ЦЦҲ⼸ˣллŹӵ֧֡
׼ĶҲˣ͵ŰѵþͿˣһλԵ۶ǹСǣҵԱҲŮӡ
˸ڤЩŮͬ·Ҹѵ
ĻЩСڹʱ϶泩ġ
ֻһ׼ʱ䳤ˣ׼ָڤ˵ݹݣЩ˵ϲ
϶еһЩҲŮģҲŮӣĻļʸˡ
ȵϷԺ󣬸ڤνֶܸϷʶΰǲҪܵģϾǵӢѧԺѧҶʶġ
ǱϾǹСԲһֱȥһСԲˡ
ϷӺϲСѣСԲɰСģɵЦЦԼ˳
СԲջ˷ǳÿһ˶ὫԼ͸ֻСԲֻǿЩװĺǺÿ֪Ǹֵ
Ǹڤ֪ģϷӻףΰǣĶǲ˵ģϲСԲ
ڤθеǳˣȻҲ˿ֻȥġ
֮ǰѾ׼ˣ֮ǰƵѾƣ׼һյơ
๫
ϣ˴˸
еʶģеǲʶģڤҲԽһ
ԼķСԲ۾һֱӰؽ˼Ҫ
ϣԼҶӵС׶Է
Լķ͵ĵȫˡ
СԲԼķĻ棬С֣۾ģĳ֣
Է˼ǣķȥ档
Щ̫ˣҲ˵ֻܰؽˡ
ϣŶԷСģɵЦЦתͷڤǣ๫ϷģҴСԲȥһߡ
ϾСӣסֶڽˣȥĻ԰濴һһ档
ڤЦŵ˵ͷСԲ·󣬵ȥתһתɣСһҲཱུģصĺܣҲҪϱСĸ첲ᡣ
·ˣѾʼ΢΢ˣ¶ȣļҴһЩһӸ
ϣЦŵͷʹСԲȥˡ
Сȥѧˣȵѧʱһɿسżȥ
СԲΪ϶Ҫֵİôܲμء
һĿΣСޱȵػԼҿɰСֶӣԷɰ۵С
СԲһ
Сһţһ
СԲԼС˵ظ

СԲС첲ƺڸ߶ԷԼλá
ȻССԲɵЦЦֱӲһת磬СԲ
ѧˣϣԷͷЦ˵
СͷԼĿڴͳһС׹ӣҸСԲԹ档
ȻǮ࣬Ŀǰܹõóõˡ

СԲץС׹˼
ϣɵЦЦСԲϲСء
˵ţֱӽǸС׹СԲϣСѹҸС׹Ҳͦÿģǿɰ
ȵĸ׼Ժ󣬱ֱӹˡ
үѾˡ
Ÿڤ˵
ڤЦӦ£ϣһȥˡ
ץܵʱڳԹ緹ԺСԲĸԣڵܳһЩʳϵһζԷֻܳһ㣬շǳСѵķˣҲ
֣ζ
ӳһѾƣ۾һ
ƵζȻôŨңȴԴһ㣬Ƣ
ǵȻˣƵġ
ڤЦЦֱ˵˵Ѿ˼ݣȵһȥʱ򣬿Դһݻȥ
ҲǸСģֻҲࡣ
۳һƣ滹̻ڤΣ֣ܷһ
ƵζȻǿܸϲȾζŨһЩģŮǿ϶־ơ
ڤЦҡҡͷ־Ƚ鷳
ƺһвͿܻжԼǿԼ⵽ǷԺȵģ۲УΪԷһǲҪĺá
ԣЩʧ䣬Ҫм򵥵ģһҪҰ
ڤЦЦֶôܼ򵥡
Է׵ƳһԼֶӣϵܣտʱ䣬顣
ŶԷӣڤһ㶣ֱӵͷˡ
ҲӦ£㿪ʼԷˣû˵
Ĳѹ֮ǰһºһιˣȷʵԼķҪóԡ
һӵˣҲǳĶ࣬ķ˾޻˵ﶼԵĶӶˡ
ȵ󣬾͵СԲץܵʱˡ
СԲѡһϲĶม
ϣСԲڵϵϣЦ˵
СԲһ£ܿͱϵĶסˣ
СԲүүรүү׼Ŷ
׼飬öҪ׻˵ĺãлƽݣԳͷء
һԵĸҲҡҡĶЦЦҲม
׼Сúһһ䡣
ڤΪףȻҲ׼ˣʲôĽָ
ָλϵͳĻ
ϣҲ׼ˣ׼ֻһƻζƽ˳죬ͬʱҲʳȱ
ǣҲ׷óԼ׼Ķ̡顢񡭡ܶණ档
СԲ󿴿ƣϣķ򣬱ƻСֱӿһڡ
ϣԺСԲ϶ȱԵˡ
ĸСԲ汧ŵƻɵЦЦ
ʵҲûץܵ£ֻͼϲ죬ֺֺǣȵԺСԲˣԷʲôԵġ
ڤκϣǱȽϿļҳֻҪСԲԼϲԵġ
СԲ
Ҳһͬصͷװ׵ؾǸˡСԲһ綼û˯˺ܳʱ䣬ͱƤҪ˯ˡ
๫ȥСԲ˯ˡ
ϣŸڤΣֳ˸񣬱ֱӻȥˡ
СԲſϣϣѾ˳˯
һԣЦЦС壬ʲôʱװѵ㲻۲СԲôɰСһ𣿡
¼ңֻ׺ûгˡ
ʵۣ¼һĲǶףǼֲ֪˵ʲôԷӱȽϾǿףҲ;ԲףҲ֪ԷԸ񣬲ôñƶԷ
׵Ŀһۣƺ˵۲ôѽ
ǸԷ۱ʾ˵ˣǲǲ˵ĻܾҪùˡ
ﲢûڸҴã綼Լ顣
ȵҪߵʱ򣬸ڤα㽫Լ׼Ļ˳һ˸һӡ



82 082
ۺ򿪿ʲôڤЦֹȵǻȥˣٿһɣῴˣҵҼҲߡ
һ⻰㶼Цˡ
ѰεؿһۣҪǲߣ϶ϲߵġ
ֻԷȻô˵ˣǾͻȥɡ
ڤЦЦһСԲûȥϲʲôģֻöһЩˡ˹СԲˣôǿֶأ
뿪ԺϷģȥʱȻҲ
ΰͳӳŹģôϲҲԶ壬͵ɢɢ
ΰͳӳļһ˲ߵ;ʱ򣬲Ĵӣ򿪿һ
ӳǰⶫ򿪿һɣһĺܺ棬ָʲôأ
ΰһԵĳӳЦ˵
ӳһ£Цŵ˵ͷҲеʲô
ȵĶӳΰһۣеȡ
ǸǽǺ˵ģҲʶġһʶģҲʶֵ֪ơ
ⶫ֮ǰ۵ģȻֻһ򵥵ĿʽʹȫǶûеģ۵ĵҲûеġ
û뵽ڤΣȻùǵ˻̫ˡ
ӳĶһ㶣ȻָˣǾţǲҪ⴫
Ҫþ֪ⶫǴӸڤģԷ϶յŵġ
ڳӳҲˣѹֽۺ͸ڤ˵ʲô飬ԭû뵽ڤλز©
ΰ˵ͷЦŵİɣҲ˵ˡοֱȻҪԼŰԼļˣ˭
Լˣֱӻؼˡ
ڤαԼҶӣԷСΪҲǸ˺ܶడҲҪóԵĸ
ԣԡ
СһС֣˿ԵҺ塣
ŶԷӣڤβɵùЦЦ
ڽѮ٣ҲҪ٣ǵȵʱҪˡ
ڵĵѾ׼Ĳˣ͵ſҵʱˡ
׺ôǸȻϳżҲҪȥ
࣬˳
һԵĹŵµĳ򿵵۵Ļ
񣬶˳ˡ
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׹˹֣ȥˣҪȵѾˡ
Ŷ򿵵ζֱ壬һʦԤԵǸˣ
һʦеˣ򿵵ҲͦģֻҲû⡣
̧ͷһЦ£ǸˣҲ֪ġ
Ҳ֪򿵵һ㶣ɿؽڵعһ£Ȼ򣺡ǸڤΣ
ʶģֽڲǣ԰飬Ǿֻиڤ˰
׵ͷֵ֮ǰһʦҲȥļҴ壬ûдãֻ뿪ǰһ仰
ʲôζؿףʵ
ףҪȥ̽ͺá
ҲΪ⻰ȥ̽ڤε֮ǾһԿžͺá
˼ǾͰһʦĻȥ
ֻҪڤܶ²棬Ҳȥ̽ġ
׺ܱ˵һỰȻֱ뿪ˡ
ڤϿҲ棬ѰǵĹϵܲ϶ǺһԷ
мҵˣⷹ˶ǵĺá
ΰŸڤεķˣ۾һǵķ˾ͨġ
ڤεЦЦĽ˰ɡ
ԼڤΣڤ˰ļ٣ڼ˶ԷڸڤοĶ鷿ܡ
ڤ֪ʲô顣
һԣ˿ڲ裬Ҫ㣬Ϊ֮ǰ˵ҩ顣
һ⻰ڤˣЦЦҩа취ģҲܷϾҲемҡ
Щڤζǲô˽ģ䷽ȴǿóġ
Ҳ֪Է˼ЦЦûϵֻҪ䷽Щ˵Ƴ˿ڵķǳĺãǱ߾һЩʿҪЩ
ڤȻĵ˵ͷ֮ǰһ׵ݣҲģЩҩЩʿ˵Ƿǳõġ
´磬һ£ЩҽΪʿεʱǲǶˮϴ˿أ
׶Щ黹Ĳô룬лһҸϵĴǾҽһģӦñȽ
ڤ룬˵ͷǵ¸ѮȥһλҽһЩԷ϶˽⣬Ϊ˿ʱ򲻽ҪҩͬʱʱҲҪעģǿ϶һ滹ǱȽеġ
Ӵ˿ڵ˿ڣÿһǳҪһĲãܶ˶Ϊ˿ڸȾ
Ȼڤһģ׵Ȼǲܾģøڤλûȥ׵ļңԴԷȥתһת
׵ĵڸڤλǺܺģΪԷṩһЩѽȶΪǰ˵ڤΣﻹǺܺġ
ȵԺ󣬸ڤαֱӹ鷿ŴȻλϵͳˡ
ЩҩоƾôλϵͳһЩңҪһƾģƾ˿ڵкܴɱãЩľҽ˿ڵʱ϶ˮʶ˿ӦɱǿҲûɱƷ
ʵƾҲǸŨȵľƣûдڵģŨȵľ֮ǰڤκȹҲʮȶѣȴʮֳݡ
ڤ֪ҩЩϰջǷǳҪģÿһЩôģҪҽĵĻԼС
λϵͳ̳ƾҩģڤҪԼдһ飬̳˵ĶӡƵģһͲʱӵеġ
ڤδ¿һ¾ƾ˵ǲѣϾƵ֪ģֻһŨȵľơ
ЩҩǸðҩֻǿأǷǳӵģΪкܶණʱûеģҪȥһһĽȡ
ڤҪľǸ䷽иϸĲ֣ȻſþҽԼȥͶʹá
ڤνҪһһвңЩԪضǴȡģڤθ㲻ģ˵͸ˡ
ȻˣڤֻҪЩôģʵʲ⣬ͲҪȥˣкܶ˲ŵģһὫЩġ
ڤԼ鷿ʱȵһ̧ͷ춼ˣЩƣ˸ڤνԼҺõĶЩɶǱѽŪģǷ˲ٹ
ʰԺ󣬸ڤγ鷿ſȥϣԷӭȥ๫˰ɣԳˡ
ڤοЦЦӣеȥԷɡˣСԲأ
ϣЦЦСѧˣСԲ棬֮ǰԹˣҲ
֮ǰһЩԵĶԹԺģ϶ǲġ
ڤЦŵ˵ͷȻϣȥԷˡ
ЩӸڤζȽæûпϣȵԹԺССԲԼϣԺת
ϣϣڼûоúģʲô𣿡
֪Էӻã˺ӣҲǺܿʵģڤ§Ц˵
СԲҲˣԷҪϴڼ棬϶ĵġ
һ⻰ϣɵЦЦ๫ȥʳΪæʳΪĹģҲͦˣﻹǿ϶æȥæҲܰǷֵһЩѹ
ʳΪھǷǳ𣬺ܶ˶ϲȥԣͨϰջ壬ĶܳԵ𣬶һ¥ϰϲĵط¥ż䣬˺ܶһЩСҲϲȥ¥ͳԶ
ҲͦæģϣȥæĻҲܸǷֵһЩѹҲͲرۡ
һ⻰ڤβɵЦЦʳΪ찡ҲУﻹкһ粻ԷҪģʹСԲȥ档
֮ǰһ侩𣿵ȵ÷٣Ҳû飬һȥһ䣬ô
층ڤζûȥŶԷ֣ԭŶԷţҲûеÿգ٣ǵĿεˡ
ϣһ⻰ӦЦЦѽ๫ȥһ䣬˵кܶóԵĶأҶûгԹСҲûгԹһȥһ
֮ǰϣ˵кܶóԵĶлȥһȻǲġ
ڤε˵ͷȻԷЦ⣬֮ǰ๫ۿ˵꣬벻һһ
Ǹ̲ϣûȥҲûȥģȥһʲôӡ
ϣ֪ۿˣҲûȥͷðһȥһ䡣
Լʱ䣬ڤҲֱӽԼʱ˳ҪûĻһԼķɺͺӣǷǳġ



83 083۵İٱ
ʳΪǳãھǺܻӭѰ˵ķֳҲǳ
һǼ룬˵ʳΪķֳҲһʾ޿Ƿǳġ
ȵڶ磬˼٣ѧǲû飬Լһȥ֡
ΰӳҲԼѰ͸ڤȥһ䣬ȺȾʲôġ
ڤһ⻰ֱӾܾҺǿɲһҪȥԼķɺͺȥһ侩ǣ˵вٺóԵĶǻûôԹء
ŶԷӣεЦЦǶ֪ڤһ谮ɺͺӵˣҲûǿ
ڤλȥ㻻һ·ѧԺķλСԲСȥ˽תһת
ǺܷҪܶ࣬ϣС˵ҲǷǳʵģϣûôȥСѧУ棬ʱȥˣȻ˷ܡ
Ƿǳֵģкܶˣ·Իк̯ܶ
СϣƣҿҲúǺ档
СԲҲĶĶʣסİ˷ܵĽţʱ򻹻ץء
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ΪûãҲǻ˲ٵĹ
ȵӺԺȥ̵ʱ۽ÿ˸ڤΡ
֡ۿԷ۾һ˹ȥû뵽Ȼ￴ԷˣԷ첻ӦѧԺϿ
ڤڿԺЦЦڵ氡Ҫ׼ˣ
ģֻһܳȻĻôýС
Цŵͷǰ׼òˡ
ڤ̫ˣȻŪôĶһܻӭ
ڤЦЦ׼ʲôʱҵ
ɡЦЦԷڴ֮ǰûھǣھˣΪٱһλңѵӦù𣿡
Է֮ǰɶ˦ƹ񣬳˹ʲô룬ڹû֪һλˡ
һ⻰һԵƹĺСסˣȷʵ֪ٱӻһλңֻΪǫ飬Ͼ֮ǰܶණǶԷŪġ
ҿɲǡڤϣֻĺ顣
ɲ뵱ʲôٱӵĶңȷʵҲǣֻǸṩ˼·ˡ
ۿӣεط˸ۣǵģⲻһ˼𣿡
ڤοһۣһ
ɲʲôҥԴȥȻĻö鷳°
һԵƹĿˣˣԭǶ֮ǰ˵˰Ȼһ˲Ű
С˵¸ѮȥҼң
ۿŸڤΣЦʵ
Ҳ֮ǰ˵ģ˵죬׵ѻ棬Էţ׵ǲʶ𣿺һ룬ܾļҴʱʶģǾֻǸڤ˰
ڤЦŵͷǰ¸Ѯȥ¸Щ飬Ҫ´һ¡
ððǳӭ
Ӧ£һԵϣǣСԲС֣ǹǵģǮƹģס˰ٱһϰ壬պ˿ɱײˡ
棬ڤξǰٱһϰ壬ǶԷĻٱھҲô
Է֮ǰƣڵգǳǳܹǵĻӭڰٱӳΪĵ̣ڤξǹûġ
һ⻰һԵǮƹ˹֣õĶңҼǵˡ
пڤΣЦŵ㿴ҪҪʲôֱС¾Ϳˡ
ԷȻϰ֮һǾͲֻԼĶˡ
ڤεЦЦҾǿûʲôģٱӣֵ£ҲŪģġ
Էľ츳ǲһģûԷҲķǳ
ЦЦǱġ
֪ԷһģҲǣԷòʱһ䣬ҲͲһҸʱˡ
ڤδϣڵ˹䣬ϣʱŷֻ֣Ҫǰٱеģ涼Уѹ֮ǰڤ˵ںء

СԲԼҵĻͻȻԶһֻɰСèɵðؽ˼
ڤ˳ƿȥɵЦЦôˣҪСèèڲร㻹Сġ
ԷڻСȵԷԸĳԺʱῼǸԷһֻССèģڡ
СԲƺһ㣬˵졣
ڤοŶԷӣСôеġ
룬ǲеġ
ԼҶҲɰģϾԼҶӳúÿ



84 084տ
ڤδϣڰٱ˹䣬ûʲôֻ뿴һĶѡ
죬˵Ŀľǹһ侩ĵ̣ٿһһЩ羰ʲôġ
뿪ٱԺ󣬸ڤǣϣƵţһмεĵֱ̣ŶԷȥˡ
ҵ̿ǳĲװ껹Σһۿȥ;ǲ
ССԲο϶ǲȱģϣôϲЩڤҲϲǾ͸˵ˡ
¸ѮҪȥ¼͵Ļ϶ô㶫ȥܿ֡
ϣϣ¸Ѯȥ¼ң϶ôЩҿһʲôȽϺʣ
ڤαСԲЦʵ
ֿһԵСԼԼһĴӣҲûʲôϲġ
ҲȱǮϲʲôĻҲġ
ԣСЦЦҡҡͷõģҲʲôΣѧҲùЩ
ЩҼ׹ʲôģСĲϰߴϾСҲûϰߡ
๫ʲôѽ
ϣŸڤΣ֮ǰ¹ûи๫˵Ǽҵ
ҪĻǿ϶֪ġ
һ⻰ڤԴ룬ϣϣ´û˵ԷĸڣʵڲеĻֻͿˡ
׵ʲôֵܽãԷҲû˵ҲûȥʣҪĻĲ֪ˣǻ粻ֻ곤ĳͿˡ
ϣЦЦ֮ǰ¹˵ǼҺҪСӣԸһЩһЩĻͲĲˡ
´ЩɩʲôģǲʹԼĶȥ
ϣǵ֮ǰڤθ߹¼ҵ˺ϲǼԼ㳦Щ滹кܶ࣬ÿԴȥ
ЩȲأҲԵʧ
ڤЦЦԼҷɣãϣϣġ
˱СΣͳһ׹
ҪҲ֪۵ŮЩ׹ŮãҲʺϺǡ
˽׹ƹϲüЦģؽͳȥ
û뵽һȻǸͻЩ׹ˣԷһ˼Եӣһˡ
ڤŶϣھתת
ǲӽµĵ̣ĶʮֵĲһܶ࣬ò˵ϰյǻİ
һھתһȦֱʱ򣬲δسżȥ
үСүǻ˰
ǺЦЦҪ𣿡
ڤӣٿСԲ׼ɣٰСԲķ˹
Ҫ֮ǰԹһЩСԲ϶ֲôá
ʱǻûлʳΪܺãϿ˾رĶ࣬ǻ϶ڵԹˣŻ
๫ҴСԲȥϴ衣
ϣԹ󣬶һԵĸڤ˵
ڤЦŵͷһ磬СԲѾʼˣԷСֱۣϣŶԷȥϴˡ
ڤֱȥ鷿棬ƴ򿪣λϵͳˡ
֮ǰѾҩЩ׼ˣȻҲ֪鼱ֻѡеҩ
һֱǿأһθðһοԵģһҩһֹ֣Ѫҩ
ҩڵĸڤ˵ѾǼˣΪЩҩǻ˲ٵλҡ
Ŀǰλңֻʮˣ취ڼ׶ſԡ
ˣڤοһλ棬ŵ˽
ʱҲ᳤λҵģȻ࣬ʤޡ
ҪǣڤҲþûн׶ˣҲûµĶ
λ棿
ڤολ֣Щ棬λǵһμء
ֻЩ棬Էλʲô
ڤΣã俴λ棬Ǳʲô
ϣڤδλϵͳ˲һӣûлأҲûżֿ˿Ķ
ĶλҪĶλҡ
պҪλһǺܶģܶණЩλ߶ûеģλ̳еġ
λ̳ĶʮֵĹֻҪڤҪ϶Ҫġ
еĶԺ󣬸ڤξֱӹصλϵͳصԼķ䡣
ʱϣñСԲ
СһϴʱѾ˯ˣϣԷС棬ڤλˣЦЦС๫СԲ˯ˡ
ڤ߹ȥЦ§Ĵ꣺ϣϣˡ
ϣɫЩ糺죺ġ
ʵСбȽҸˣڤڼ棬ӣվʹǳȥתںܶͥ˵Ƿǳġ
ڤЦЦҲЩϢ
һϴ˸ˮ裬ϣڸڤεĻ棬˯ʮ졣
Ȼǵʱʮֲϰߣǣ⼸ѾܹӦˡ
ڶǰٱյӣڤûȥ֡
ǣ˵ٱһĿ˳Ķ࣬رǺܶ˺Сǣˡ
Ϊϰ壬ֻĻĶң˰ٱӸոտҵ죬ʱ䣬ûгֵģⲢζŴܹԷˡ
һİٱּˡ
ף㰡
ø
Щȫס
СǣʱҲ׿֣ÿһһƷźÿҲʮֵĺţһӣ˺ܶࡣ
ﶼǲȱǮ׵ģǶǲġ
ĻﻹЩģôˣҪһˣҪϺܾòſá
ƷŮǿãҲǿԵġ
˭ûиֵܽõģˣԼòˣûȥҲǱӵ鰡
ںԺҲǿǰġ
ô磬ɡ
ۿԼ磬ҡ˵
½沢۵׸磬ø磬ܵܵĴӡ
½ЦŵͷڲˮȷʵҸӺ棬λӣǸʲôˣСƳмӣദôõ
⻹ֻССһء
ӣͳһŵ׵ļױصȥӡ
Ŷ½ؿۣ㻹Ҫʲôӣ
۵һЦʱȲ㡣
֮ǰڤθ˵һ仰ϣһǮرĺǾŮǵǮ
رǾ˺ܶ࣬ǮˣŮΪüݣʱֻҪǸŮˣǰġ
֮ǰڤѾµ˵һ£ģԷ˵Ҫڽй졣
Ÿڤ¸ѮپҪȥ¼ңۻʮڴ
Էʱ򣬴С飬ӦþͿݵ˰ɣ
ûϵԷ벻ҲöԷġ
½²Ըڤθе棬Ҳʮֺ۽Ҫˡ
ȵ㿪ҵˣҿ϶֪ġ
½濴һۣ֣ЩգҼݣҴȥСǡ
С۵ͷӻ֣˽Լ֮ǰ׼ոԷ
ˣЩ϶ǲİ
ڿҵ֮ǰֱӸԼ̡һЩȥ
Լûˣ۹ܲˡ
ȵ쵽ʱʱ۱ֱ뿪ˣżȥ
ţˣûȥúϢˣҶӺҲЩˡ
ʱĸڤΣѧԺ顣
ȻģǸѧĶһҲ٣ѰӳǰæڤԼͼǿҲܸϡ
Ҹǽ¹ӵİٱӿҵˣ϶кܶ˵ġ
ΰŷˣȵѧˣҲȥøһЩ
żȻȲ¼ңǻЩҵ׵ģҲġ
ӳЦЦ˿ڷˣҸһȥҲһЩ
֮ǰҲ˵ǺãȻĻҲˡ
ѰЦЦȥֻѾû˰ɣ
ʱʱˣȻ̻ûϢһлȻǸǿ϶кܶ˻ȥİ
û£Ҫ򵽾򲻵´λ򡣡
ΰԸʮֵĿʣԷ͸С̫Ƶģʲô鶼ǳֹۡ
ڤοЦЦ򣬵ȵ죬Ҽ˸ȥһЩǽȥǵø˵һǽ¡
ȻѣڤεȻҲЩˡ
ﻹк֮ܶ࣬ǰ˲٣ƽʱҲõģҲкܶࡣ
ŶҶˡ
ΰʱڤ۵ĺ顣
ֻֻǼ֪ΰͳӳ˭ûиߣԼļ˶ûС
ѰҲ֪ˣʲôġ
ҼҾͲùˡѰЦЦ֮ǰҵ٣С
֮ǰں棬Щʲôֱõʱ򣬶ԷŻȻ
ò˵ѰҲЩǳãΪһϲοЩء



85 085
ڤӦ£ΰͳӳǿɲҪƴǣ͵ҸлƽҸҵ
Ҫ֪ӳΰѧԣȻȲѰҲȸڤҪǿİ
⻰ΰͳӳһۣЦЦǺãǾͲˡ
ȻԷô˵ˣƴȥԵˡ
Ȼڤβ⣬ԺʲôöҲŶԷͿԵġ
ʱⶼ໥ġ
ĸ˳緹ͽһҪһۡ
ӢѧԺÿ·ݣһȫԺ
һΪĸڡ
ʿơɡܹǰѧԱȻȥӼһµѧϰʱ䣬ܻԺһӡ
ӣܶǺ⡣
ǣܹȥӼѧϰĻᡣ
ֻһ£ҲԸȥƴһƴ
Ӽʦ϶ǽʿܶ೯д󳼣ѡԼҺ͵Ӽ档
ΪöԷһõĻҪǣڹӼˣǸҲܹԼĺӽѡ
֣ǿҪμ
ڤζȥӼ࣬ûʲô뷨
鶼һģ˵ȥ˹Ӽ࣬ͿԱúܴĻͿԿĺܺá
ֱֻú֣ҲԲμһ
μӡѰͷڲˮ²Ϊ˹ӼҲҪΪһӡ
ȻҵܲˣѰĻǼǵҴӡ
ƵĸڤΣڱ˵ˣڼԱůͲˡ
ڤε˵ͷҲְɡ
ֻǱ׶Σȵ·ˣŻʽʼڡ
ӢѧԺҲϲÿһģΪǸʱɵģҵͻһЩﻹԱΧ۱
ӢѧԺѧУڵĻͬʱҲϰۿ
ϰҪĻҪǮһҲΪӢѧԺ룬ͬʱҲϰյӷḻʣȻˣھǵ˵Ǯ㲻ʲôֻҪÿһεӢѧԺʱ򣬻Ϻܶϰնۿġ
Ƕɡ
ڤοһ۳ӳΰǣЦ˵ȻҶμˣǾһܲܵҲͿԵıˡ
ѰЦЦãǶμӡ
󣬱ֱӻصǵĽˡ
ڻûеʱҲżȵѧԺ֪ͨˣǿ϶ȥġ
ϵȵڤλؼҵʱϣСԲӭ˳ȥ

СԲڤԺ۾һҪ
ڸڤβڼ棬ѧԺԵģСԲһЩġ
ڤνСԲ׶Է۵ССԲڼûķ
СԲ죬¶ԼǼСԣԲԡ
СԲһһĳˣڤҲ̶Է˵
Ƚȥɣ滹ء
ϣŸɵЦЦ
Ѿ·ˣͦȵġ
ãȽȥ
ڤǣ֣ЦЦڼСԲ۲۰
ϣЦҡҡͷ۵ģȥһʳΪ죬һᣬǱߵܺãҲæùһˡ
ϣϣȥ飬ô
ڤ֮ǰӳӳе֪Щ˼ҵСҪģͿȥרСѧԺ
ȥ飿
ϣһ٣֮ǰû⡣
ڤЦŵͷߵĳǰ˵ԣѧԺרСѧԺѧʦС
ѧԺʦԵĻ˵ᷢһЩõ飬ˣԣѧԺԺԼС͸ɴ໨ϴĹһЩСʦ
ϣЩԥҲСԲ
ȥĻСԲһڼˡ
һ룬ϣ§ŸڤЦЦ๫ҲȥǸԣѧԺڼԼҿѧҲʶˡ
ڤδʱŷף룬๫棬ĻͿڼˡ
ĻԷҲڼˡ
ȵȥͷһ£ܲܳѧԺ
ȻЩǿѣϣһڼ棬ʱĲôġ
ã๫ġϣûپܾǼĻԶ֣Ҳչ˵СԲġ
һ˳ڤ§ϣ´һŲԶ˯ŵСӣЦЦϣϣȵСӴˣֱȥɡ
ڸڤ˵һҲ㹻ˡ
Ժʲô⣬ϣپ֮ǰʹˣ¡
ҽУһĳʲô飬ڤһӶԭԼġ
棬ϣеĺӡ
ԷҪһӵˣӣȴᡣ
áϣЦһӦˡ
𿴸ڤƽ￴ʮֵأЩʱҲƵģʮֵɣϲ
ڤζѧͬʱҲóӳһºһЩ
ЩǸĻڤҲȽϷġ
֡һ磬ӳˣڤԺԷ˸
ڤЦŵ˵ͷԷ֣֮ǰϢ
ӳһЦˡ
λʦڤ˵һȵ󣬳ӳһ£λˮƽû˵ԸЩƧ˶飬ѧѶҪƫһЩ
ڤЦЦû£ֻҪˮƽ߾С
ƧҲûϵҲûָλʦѣֻҪԷϣ֣ڸڤ˵Ϳˡ
Ǻãʱ֪ͨʲôʱȥһˣ
ӳŸڤûʲôЦ˵
ڤεͷ룬ɣпյʱֱȥҼңֻҪҷͬ⣬Ǿû⡣
ǸϣҵʦֻҪϣԼÿԣǾû⡣
ϣϲģλʦˮƽٸߣڤҲǲͬġ
Уû⡣ӳͷ֪ڤζڷʮֿأȻϣҵʦǶԷϲġ
ҵʦˣڤҲ˿
Ѯˣȥһ¼ˡ
֮ǰѾҩŪòˣҪҪԼŬ
ģṩһЩԣڲԣ֪ʶäĲС
ڤѮٵǰһ죬¼ҾЩԴˡ
Ȼ׾òҪôׯأ̫̫֪ԼСиѲףȻúдһˡ
Ҳ֪ڤҪȥڴġ
ȥ¼ҵ飬ڤθϣ˵һûдŶԷȥ
һȥ¼ңҪ˵һҩ;ƾ顣
۵飬ڸڤ˵ǴҪġ
һ죬ڤԼ׼Ķֱȥ¼ҡ
¼Ҿ븵һһεľ룬ڤֱӳ¼ȥˡ
ǸӰɣŷĸڤΣЦţ룬ߡ
ڤδţһ·˲ٵĵطڵ¼ҵ
¼ҵլӣɱȸڤڵլҪܶ࣬ſڵһյĹССͤӡȣЩطڤղŵԺ
֪ڤԺ󣬴ڿԴˡ
һԣȻغڲˮڤεӰֱӭȥ
ϵܡ
׿ŸڤΣ˸
ڤι˹֣ЦЦ´硣
׵ͷҵڣҸһ¡
ڤεͷȻ¼ңôܲ¼ҵĵˣԷ׵ĸĸΪ׵ѣȻҲҪݷһµġ
λǸڤθӡ
׿Ϊ׵̫̫̫үЦ˵
̫̫ŸڤΣºʹЦЦӹȻһ˲ţη
֪ڤεһЩ飬ľöԷ
ǰ̣ˣҵ⣬ء
ҲһԣʮͬЦŵ˵ͷ
̫̫ЦЦӭ棬ʲôҪģܸ˵
ллϷˡڤЦŹ˹֣ҪҪĻǲġ
֪ڤ飬˽ֻ̫̫Լ׺ۡ
ûϾ̫ˣ˵Է᲻̹
ڤΪһͣҳӭ˹Ȼֵġ
֮ǰ´˵ϲԼزһصشӼһЩ
ڤνһԵùЦ˵
̫̫һ⻰ϲüЦģϣ˰
֮ǰǳ״ȥ㳦Щζرĺóԣû뵽ڤһžȻһЩ˰
ڤЦЦϲͺá
̫̫ЦЦһԵ̫үڲˮСףֶۣҪúдӰ
ǣ
֪ˣүү
ӦԷ˵ǿ϶Ҳôġ
ûã˷ǻطȥˡ
ڤολԺ󣬿ף´磬˵£
С壬֣ǵ𣿡
ۿˣڴ
׵ؿһۣУȵպɹٸ㡣
ڵʱ˵ȵɹԺ󣬾Ͳ±֪ˡ



86 086ȥ¼
˶ԷĻɵЩͷɥΥ׵ĻϾԷһ˵һȥԷ
Ҫǣ˺ʲôҪ飬ҲʲôСӣǶġڤθȥ˶ԷԺӣ֮ǰڤξ˵öԷ׼һЩ
ڤκȥ˶ԷԺԺԺ˵ľҽվ
Դ֮ǰ׸˵н;ʵİ취һֱץӷεģò׵ȵڤιˣȻڴˡҽλǸڤθӡ
״Ÿڤνҽһ¡
ҽŸڤΣЦŵ˵ͷӺã½֮ǰ˵ģҩ
֮ǰ׸˵ڤҩʮֵ˿ڣԿֹѪֹȾ
ھʿ˵һ˿ڣȾҪġ
ڤοżҽЦЦҽȲҪеʱһġ
һԵҲЦЦͤϲˮģȥͤ죬ȻĻʮֵȡ
ȥͤ棬ڤҲûйĺѣֱӽԼ֮ǰ׼Ķ˳
Ҫһһ԰βһ̣˵ӦǾƾˡ
ҽǾƾ
ڤν׼ľƾóЦ˵
ҲһԣȻʵƿŨصľζǺľЩһЩ̱ǡ
Ǿƣ׿ŶԷƿĶʵ
ڤЦЦǸŨȵľƣ˲ܺȣҽ˼˿ڵģ
Ǵ¸ڤʲôû˵ҽѧȣ֪Ĵˡ
ڤЦŵ˵ͷԵģЩ˵˿ڱԺãԽ˿ϻкܶǿĶˮĻܻ˿ڷŧ
ҽ۾һⶫ𣿡
˿ŧ⣬ͺôˣҪ֪ÿһ꣬кܶʿΪ˿ڻŧβʱڲ
ڤЦŵͷƲ࣬ǺѣѾдˣҪ´
ڤֻǶ֪ʶǲ֪ʲôģһſԡ
һ⻰ͷãһҽġ
ܹʿǵãǼֱ̫ˡ
ڤЦŵͷãƾͽ̸´ˣõĻҲܼ򵥣ˮһ˿ھͿˡ
ƾʹ÷Ǻܼ򵥵ģҲһЩҪעĵط
ˣƾһҪԴԶһЩĵط𣬺׷֡
ڤεĻ׺ҽصص˵ͷƾ˵ˣǽҪĲ֣ҲҩĲ֡
ЩҩҽڴҲʮֵڴ
ڤȽҪĿ˳ǿأҩҩ
֮ǰڤ׼֮ǰ׼ҩóͻȻڵļܰҩҪѺܴĹˡ
Щҩʲô
ЩؿŶԷóҩ䷽ЩҩǾҪôЩʲôãҪڤνһµġ
ڤЦЦҪӦһЩǿĶ˵ʱ˿ˣʱͿÿأֶ̫࣬˾ͻ壬Чͻ
ҩ˿ںססõȣҩʹõķΧȿغãҩǷյʱ򣬿ԳԣͿˡ
ЩڤζϸϸؽһЩͬʱЩҩҽǻҪо
ҽˣҪ֪ÿһΪá˿ڷ׶ȥʿرĶ࣬ЩҩͶʹãǾԻȺܶ˵
ҲʮֵļЩҩԵĻǿȶʿ
ڣǷǳΪʲôһʦ˵ڤǸ츣ˣˣֱܹŵĸ
ҲҪ̫ϣڤο˵ӣҩһƣЩҩǳѣҪԺܶ飬Ҳܻᾭܳʱ䣬ſԽЩŪ
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ţֻҪһɵġ
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ҪǣϣʦŽ黹ǷǳĵģԷڼ֣ԼĶӣ˵̫ˡ
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ദϣҲ֣λֻǿģΪ˻ǷǳģԷСԲʱҲϲ
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ϣ˼غ˺ؿһۣ๫˵ôŰ
վ죬СԲˡ
ԼҵķôСȣĵسȥ

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ڤοСԲվ΢С죬ɵһЦϣһۣǰԷ
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СԲһ⣬СԲ
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ֻҪѧԺ涼Ŭѧϰǻ϶Ǻܿݵġ
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⻹ǸڤεһμԷȵԺ󣬸ڤβ׳ӳ֮ǰܵʱЩ֧֧ġ
λɷӳʮֵĺÿҿʮģǲôˡ
ϣɷԺӭȥɷӣ๫ڤΡ
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ɷӲÿøÑһǸġ
ڤˣΪʲôӳ֮ǰ˵ԷǮˡ
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֪ҪϿˣڤαֱӴСԲȥ鷿ˡ
ΪСԲһֵͯ꣬ڤ˲ٵĶиָߣȵʱ򣬸ڤ׼ԺһС͵ֳ
ʲôݣǧȶ԰ϡ
ԺӻͦģЩݲݵģڳԼҶӸֳСһһʮֿĵġ
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ڤνҩԺҲûôܡŽھˣ֮ǰڤνʯƱķʽ̸ˣ֮ǰ֪ʯƱ޶ģȵ׻صԺ󣬱̫ҽ̫ҽϺͲⶾȷʯ޶ġ
ˣױ㽫Ʊķӣ߸˵¼ҡֻھǴһǱȽ϶ģܶ˼ҶǶϰ˵ѻǺܴġ
¼ҺԵΪף춼ġ
๫ȥһ£һı飬ҪءϣʳΪԺȥ˸ڤΡ
ˣʳΪǣĸĸһ£׼ȥˣһʣ۸ɲ˰
ڤһ⻰ЦЦǻƱ۰ѡ
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֮ǰû뵽ֻþı̫ˣֻһﶼæ϶Ūˡ
ڤЦЦãһȥ
Ѯ٣ѸĶˡֻһΣڤδȥλϵͳһľʵģͣȻȥľһЩľʵģͣһ𣬾ͲעĿˡ
ѩڱɳ˵㣬ǰһСľͿˣɳĻȴҪöװЩ鷳
ϣͷСԲССԲпڸ˰кóԵˡ
ѩϣǷǳϲģСԲ϶ҲǣֻԷС˲ܶԡСԲỹСԵģǺܼ˿ˮ
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֮ǰλϵͳһһЩɿֻɿЩֻǼû˳ԣ׼óȥ׼ȥѧԺˡ
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88 088̿ҵ
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ⶫھûУӦûǿԵġ
ӳЦЦ֣ⶫʲôʱѽȥ˳һѩζ㣬Ҽһϲġ
Ǽ˿ζϲĻ˿϶Ҳϲġ
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ڤϣԼܹһ̵ģĻҲܿһЩڤεϢۣڵϢˡ
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ڳѩԺʮֻȥڤεˡ֪ûжǿʳΪбҵһҵ̡
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ŶԷֵģڤҲû˵ʲôˣ˾öԷŪɣŶԷô˵ӣҲöԷһԿš
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̵Ҳ߸˷ӣѰˣ¸Ѯμӿҵʽ
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⻰һۣ۸񲢲Ǻܰ󣬴ﶼǳԲģڴ̿ҵ
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ȵںʨԺ󣬸ڤκ͸ڤΪ˽ƿõ˽ҹ˵棬ʽҵڤ̧ͷĶңЦЦֵллμҵǰжۣҪҪʲôѩͱֱһԵӣԼѡͿˡ
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Ȼ˺ܶ࣬ҲʮֵæµǺǣȻеæµҲæùࡣ
ڤκϣûڵ棬ΪϰȻԴ֣Щ黹ǲȥġ
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Ϊһε̿ҵڤλ˺ܶ׼ģ֪һֱѩ⣬϶еʧ
һЩ߲֭ˮ֭뵽ѩͱ棬˲ѩ඼öˣ㹻ѡȥһ
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ȻЩǿԳԵģվûдȻĺãڤҲʲộԱֱȥѡһЩˮ߲֭֭Ҳǿԡ
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ƽʱȻҲԳԵţ̣ǱϾ̫ˣζҲرĺãʽԵţ̵ĻǻǷǳġ
̵ر͸ڤβ²һġǵһһٶһٶֻѡ
ʱĸڤҲܵ˾ϰպĹȵ۸ͻǣܶ˿϶һ㡣
ڤţ۸ˣҲкܶ˹ģ治ȱһЩǮ˼ҡ
ڤڿҵʱҲ˺ܶ࣬ǵ˺ܶ෽棬ھкܶٹˣȻǲԼС˺Ѿ߹ʧ緶ԸڤβοǰľӪģʽרƶһͻš
ЩٹˣڤҲб׼ģǿͻţѩҪʮ̫ٵĻֵȥһˡ
һЩͨϰʮ̫ˣǶһЩ˵ʮȫģҾĶ࣬ڵؽҲữ
ڤʶĴ岻࣬˸ڤȽϢ߸ۣͨԷ֮ڿԽϢȥ
ۣͨܶ˼֪Ҫѩ⣬ҪԼŹ򣬸ڤλᰲר˸͹ȥɸˡ
˵̫ˣҪԼ͹˵Ҳһַǳĸо



89 089Ŵţ
ѩʽҵԺ󣬸ڤҲͻûôˣڣ֪ôôǺܷġ
ѩ⣬ˣڤα˼ѾߣҪСԲҲˣҪ˿ŵġ
žǮ˼Һܶ࣬ڤοűǴ׬һʡ
ЩһֱڼҪЩЩҩ;ƾǼ򵥵ĿģȵҽоԺѾһԺˡ
ϵܣЩ
ȵһױֱ븵ڤȥ˼棬ЩøԷһ
ڤοǰĶɵЦЦ´磬ҽ̫ˡ
û뵽ֻǶ̶̵һµʱ䣬˾ͰЩˣ֮ǰ϶˷ǳĳԡ
ЦЦһ˺ܶĳԣҲֻˣǺܶ˹ͬŬĽ
ҽͬصͷڤΣӣ鷳㿴һ£ЩҩҴҩǷһ
֮ǰҲ˺ܶೢԣ㽫ڤνǵҩóˡ
ڤεͷֱһԵľƾţַͿһ£ȷʵ;ƾһģһġ
ƾһġڤЦЦֿһԵҩ⿴棬Ҳ֪Ƿһöһ£ЧһĻǾûʲôġ
ֻҪһЩСҲõĻ˵ӦҲûʲôġ
հǲ˺ܶ飬ӦûģڤҲû칦ܣӱǣĿҩ֮ǰõǷһ
֮ǰÿһֻ˵Сè͸Էһ²Ƿ֣ҩСèҲõģ׻ǿأõġ
һ㣬֮ǰҲ뵽ˣڴ֮ǰͲԹˡ
ڤȻЦЦӦþûʲôˡ
ֻҪԷԹˣӦþû⡣
ЦӦ£һóһӹ֮ǰҩǣʥ˵Ǹİ
ʱֻܹίڤˡ
ڤû뵽׾ȻҲ˵һ£ɵЦЦлл´ˡ
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ǻҪллأЩҩԺʿǵо˰
׿ŸڤЦЦʲôڵӢѧԺǷȥӼ飿
׵ı죬ڤ͵Ӽȫǲġ
ڤζһ£ЦЦˣлл´磬ڵӢѧԺҲǷǳġ
ȻܶӼ飬Ƕڸڤ˵ûʲôġ
ڵӢѧԺǳãʦҲܲͬҲܺã˼ѣ˵Ǻܲġ
Ǻãıˣʱҡ
ЦӦ£ֻҪԷӼ飬ºةҲǷǳ޳ɵġ
Щҩף鸵ڤξͲȥˡ
Էôãôⶼ漰͢ˣһͨϰվͲȥˡ
¸Ժ󣬸ڤڽתһᡣ
ЩӣѾǹòˣеĶûеĶ
ͬʱҲ֪ҪھվȽŸҲʵǲѵġ
ȱǮȵĻԣμӺ󣬿϶Ҳεģһӹɵġ
ڻԿھǿĻҲҪˣҲʡ˲ٵ顣
˰ƿӱ˰
߹·ǧҪ
ڸڤƵĳǰȥʱͻȻһǰĶʮֵ죬ȻȽϲȷʵǸ
ڤ˹ȥڶԷǰͣ£һƿӣϸϸơ
λӣƿֻҪǮһ
󺺿ŸڤΣЩţҲʮֵĵͣƺŵԷ
ڤο˿ŶԷЦЦ֪ô죿
һ£ǻشˣҴţͿˡ
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ڤοŶԶԷЦʵ
ǶԷԼƵĻǲò˵ԷʮֵĴİ
Ŵţһ£ֱӵ˵ͷǰԼŪãοڻڷԡ
ֻΪǺܺÿܶ˲ʶҲûҲǺܺá
ڤЦЦ֪ţûʱ䰡̸һ⡣
ԷƵĶǲȻһЩ͸ȲǺܸߣǶڹŴ˵ѾǷǳˡ
ŴţЩؿԷλӣҪ̸⣿
һƿӵģʲôǰλ̸
ڤЦŵͷЩƿҶҪˣֱ͵ҼͿˡ
ȻЩܼȲߣǺôǲ
ĴǷǳģЩǴģǻô죬ûзвҲΪʲôôԭ
Ҫǣ⾩ǣһӶûС
ڵľӶͭȻ϶ûвĺð
ϣӼ
ŴţһԷҪĶ۾һٵؽǰƿƿ޹ȫʰŵӣֱʵ
ڤһЦֱǰ·
ŴţŸڤε󣬲ûȥңȥѩӡ
ӣѩͱζۡ
Ժ󣬸ڤζĺ˵
һڤΣЦӦ£үôԹˣ
Ҫѩ⣬һͿ˰
ڤЦЦû£·ˡ
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ڤûںŴţʲôõԺ󣬱ֱӳżȥˡ
֮ǰϣһʳΪ죬ڤˣ˵ʱԷһЩ
ȻǼҲԼȻֳɵģͲó鷳ˡ
ȵ˼ڤ˴ŴţԼȥϣСԲ

СԲ˵֮ǰֶˣԷĳʳ۾һֱСȱȥˡ
СԲ𣿡
ڤֱӽԷЦ˵
СԲ˵ͷ˵ˡ
ҿĳʳɣԷСӣڤε˵
ϣһ߹Ѿ߶˹ĴȶЦЦлл๫
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ڤǣŶԷ֣СԲ¡
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ŴţЩ棬ûþԼһƨɰˡ
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ڤָǰƿӣЦŵÿʮĹǮƳĲҿԸʮһ¡
Ŵţɴ۾ΡΡָȻһʮĸʮһ£
ڤЦЦ˿ڲˮʮǰװ׸ģҪǩ飬ҪҵҪ󣬲Ÿʮ
ȻǰڣжĽ
ŵĻʼˡ
⻰ŴţתͷһԵӡ
Ӻͺӻ࣬ڼæ
ӿŴţˣЦЦү˵ĶԣǼˣʹүÿ»ģڻǮҪ⣬ҲԻӡ
֮ǰӺͺӣֹһңҺñүˡ
ڸҵʮֵĺãرĿݣڵĻǮ
ŴţĬһ£ŲԶƿӣλҪƿӣ²һְɣ
֪֮ģЩƿӣڽ˺ܾãҲû
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ڤҲûֱ˵
ŴţǮ൱ڼǮԷܹûκεָ֮¾˲ȷʵЩ츳ġ
ŴţĬһᣬãǩ顣
û̵ģʱ򲻶ǩĵҪԣҲֻԼԿˡ
ڤͷӣȥ׼īֽ⡣
ͷӿⷿīֽó
鷿Ǹڤһ˵ĵط˵ģû˵֮£ǲȥģֻҪ鷿еĶֿⶼеģֱӴӲֿþͿˡ
ڤд飬һʽݣֱӡõǼٵģ飬ҸһݣһҪȥűģĻͿԱ֤ʵˡ
ҲǺڤ֪飬в˱ƭֱ͢ӳҪ󣬱뵽ȥġ
Ȼһ⻰Ŵţ˿ֻҪűˣǿ϶Ͳƭ˵ġ
ڤκŴţȥű˰
ңһᰲġ
ڤοŴţЦ˵
Ȼǩ飬ǳǻԼŴţˡ



90 090ٴκۺ
ŴţԼĵӣԥһᣬллңҹֻǣܲԤ֧ҰµǮ
ڼʵĽҲˣҪܹǰǮùܶࡣ
ȻԺˣŴţҲġ
ڤЦЦֱӴһóӳЦЦǽƿӵǮ
Ȼ֮ǰ˵Էƿӵģǿ϶˵ģںͶԷǩ˺Լ֮ǰ˵õ黹ǲá
ǰӣŴţмؿŸڤΣллңһ
ڤЦŵͷöԷ뿪ˡ
ŴţŵӳȥʱѾߴ仨һ㣺ŹӣǴү˵׼ĸ㣬֮ǰƺϲĸ㣬үصҸ
֮ǰŴţµʱ򣬾ֻǳ˸㣬ڤΪԷϲԣֱóһЩˡ
ĸԲ꣬ȻϲͳȥһЩҲܱȻĺá
ҪȣǷŲ̫õġ
Ŵţû뵽ڤϸЦŽӹллλ
仨ЦЦָϿȥæˡ
ŴţӺһҸϣȥǷϵģһʱ䣬ǼҶΪƷˡ
ţ˰ô
̫̫ԺŹ߳
ŴţһԷĵӣŶԷǽȥ˵ȡ
Ǽûбһ¶ֻǻ棬΢һЩʱ򣬴ɻᱻȵð
̫̫ͷŶԷȥ
ȵ棬ŴţԼӺ͸ȫóһһǳõңӰƿӶˣƸȥЩƿӣһʮǮ
ģ̫̫һ⻰˵ʵ
Ŵţͷϸϸذǰ˵һ¡
̫̫⻰ɵø̾һǸ˰Ժɵúú鰡
ŴţһһӦ£أ
ȥˣӦҲˡ
̫̫̽ͷ濴ȥȻӣͷɥش߹ˡ
ӣĲ߰꣬СĲ꣬ǸкӣԿŴţ
˰
ӿԼҵԺȥˡ
۵ظӲŴţһԽù׳С׳Ը㣬ԺóȥҳԵˣ׬ǮˣԵˡ
Ȼһ⻰׳˵ЦЦӣ㰡
Ǻ㰡
С׳ҲЩصͷǴûгԹôóԵĸ㡣
һڵģһߵϣڸڤεԣŶԷĶ๫Щʲô
ЩƿӿͻͻģҲǺܺÿ
ڤЦЦĺˣġ
ҲǲŹձȽϸӣǷǳġڸڤ˵Ǹ򵥵ĶһʯͷģֻҪ׼˰취ļ۸Ϳ΢ˡ
ϣһ٣󲻿ŵһƿӣ๫Ǽֵƣ
֮ǰھתһȦϣ֪֮ǰڤóȥжôĹҲΪʲôڤôǮԭ
ڤЦҡҡͷⲻһġ
λһģĲĲĵ
ϣƶǶһͷ๫Ѯ٣úϢСԲͽˣҸȥϿˡ
ҲˣԴԼѩҲһ£ͳװζÿһιʱ򣬶ҪһʱϣҲһЩöԷؼңĻʡĶԷȥˡ
ѩЩϣ˵ҲʲôҲ۸񣬳˵һδؼˣԺҲûôҲڸҳ
ڤοŶԷɵЦЦϣȥɣСԲҾ档
СԲ˯ƻһӾˡ
ϣ˵صͷ§ŶԷһ£ʰһ£׼Ͽˡ
黹ڤ֮ǰҲǳǲġ
Ȼڤ׼ŪҲǸСҲ֪ѽԺһܴ˸ڤαֱŪһЩġ
ĵطҪ̶
ڤȥ鷿дһЩƻ飬дûãСԲص
ôˣ
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СԲڤκֻԲС첲أ
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СԲ§ԼҵĲӣӣ˼ЦЦľʲô
ںѾߺǷүСˣոѾСϴˡ
⻰СԲСԼҵĻô󣬾Ȼ򴲣о߰
һ⻰ڤһ㶣ɵùЦЦԼҶ˼£οûʲôģСԲСССʱҲ򴲡
ǸˣСΪ˺СԲֻܰˮˡ
Ҫǣôˣֲ˵Լ򴲰ɣ
СԲ۾С򴲴
ڤŬ΢ЦԵģСԲôʱҲҪ͸Ѿ˵ɲȥԼ˵֪𣿡
ȣҪǶԷΪӲѾˣʪ˯һӾͲˡ
СԲصͷԼҵԸ⡣
ãǵСԲԸ⡣
ڤοŶԷˣҲ˿ŶԷȥѩ⡣
ֻСԲСԷѩҲֻܳһ㣬̫ܳࡣ
СԲһᣬȵϣΣҲ֪ԼҶ򴲵飬ǶûʲôںСġ
ڤν֮ǰûдļƻŪ꣬ˡ
ʱڤαȥٱۡ
Էһ飬Ϊʵ̫ˣһ˻еԲ¡
Ҫһ棬¼ҲǾǵжԷڣ⻹ܵҲǸľۺ뷨֮һ
ϾǷǳģһñۺ죬ǸڤҲ֪ᷢʲô顣
֪ڤʱʮ־ȵģΪļջرơ
֮ǰڤЩƣǶԷǱģԼģڸڤȱϣܹһʮֵľȡ
֣Щôģ֪𣿡
ۻʮֺģ̫ˣʮֺÿ
ڤһ⻰ɵЦЦ˵ҲͦɵģھţͻȻһһƿӡϸƣƿӵʵغʮֵƣұ˿ֻҪȴﵽˣͻұǩ飬ϣܹҵ
ȻҲһЩϾĶҪѲٹģһҲԲôһ⣬֣һô󣬶ʮ͸ǰֽʱ̫͸ǿɱֽεҪůͶˡ
ڵĴ϶ֽεģȵʱ򲻽͸磬һûʲô⣬Եʮֵ
ҲǸڤΪʲôԭֻҪ˲Ϳ԰ѴɲĻůͻйȡ
Ȼ⻰۾ɵһ֮ǰ;ֽεĴʮֵܣʱ˿̿Ҳ쬵ġ
ѽǾһɡ
ֱӵͷˣǼ滻һǳů͡
үүڿʱͲصسˣǵƲſԡ
ڤΣЦЦǾһµطЩҪʵҲҰ֮ΪĳɱǷǳ͵ģʯͷͿˡ
ֻΪڵļûдﵽԴҲ֪ĳɱǺܵ͵ġ
⻰Ժʮ־ȣĸڤεļ򣺡֣ط͵Խңһͽˡ
ԸڤεһǿԵģЩȥֱ˷һ㡣
ڤЦӦ£طڽĻǵŪôһЩҲһЩ
̫СĻʱڲĸоڤβϲ
ЦӦ£İɣ֤׵ġ
ڤ֪Էǿʮġ
齻ڤԺŴţ˹ڤβûƲ۵ĵطû׼ãṩ˶˼·ԷöԷȥúĥһ¡
ȻԷڼ湤ڤҲǴԼʱʼǰġ
ȻŴţǿ϶ƲĵطṩһЩ˼·öԷؼ̽һ£ȵʽҲʣ²ٵ鷳
ŴţڴӸڤһЩԺƺ뵽ʲôؼҺú̽һˡ
ȻˣڤҲŴţ֪ԷʲôطֻҪǱ׼ԺͿöԷֱȥƲˡ



91 091ӢѧԺ
ڤνҵطԱ齻ۣҲǷǳŬ飬һЩԼĹϵûʲôʵĵط
֮ǰøڤ˵ͦԵģڽ⻹ǷǳõġطһķΧҲܿԣһЩҲú
ҪŪһⲻһһϦͿɵģŴţոڤε뷨ڼĥŸθõҲûʱ俼顣
8·ݵӢѧԺҲҪʽʼˣ֮ǰڤκѰǶǵݽģȻǾֻһԣû˵εͷȡʲôֻʹһһ棬ոֶѡ
ڤκѰôӵһؿʼȻĻûвμʽ
ЩؿҲֻΪɸȥһֵˣȻĻȫԺ˶μӣеġ
ʽ֣ŻȥϰһҪؿҲҪʵϵġ
ӢѧԺ϶׼飬ǿ֮ʣϿεʱҲƣͬʱȣʦѧǶеġ
ʱȥٰһõģ÷ӺѧϢһܴһεѧܶණ
ڵǺȵģµӢѧԺʲôģҲǷǳȡ
ڤο˿ͷϵ̫һ飬ǾǸѧԺ˾ѩ⣬ĻҲͲˡ
Ȼ󲿷ֻΪԼɲڵɹ̫ϷǸ˵һ顣
ϱ飬Ļͻʮֵ죬ͬʱҲѸѧԺṩһЩѩͱ֤Ӻѧǲ
ڸڤֱʣԺˣû뵽ԼѧȻѩӵϰ壿
ǼҲرϲЩѩͱȻ֮ǰҲ˺ܶ࣬Ǵ֪ϰ徹ȻѧԺѧ
ʹԺҲòףԷǮѧԺôˣҲ٣⼸춼Ҫ죬ҪѧӺͷṩѩͱһʵĿ
ڤμԺͬ⣬Ǽ֣ԺģҸѧԺṩѩͱҲԲģ
Ժ˶Էһֿۣ˿ɫ룬ʾԳЩѩȻǮǺܶ࣬⡣
ӢѧԺȻرУõóġ
ʼ죬ӢѧԺѧǶǳļΪһģܶ˶ӼԴʳڤҲ⡣
һϣϣóԷ׼˺ܶĳʳоͰһЩƤ棬˾֮Ķʳű飬Ҳỵ
Щϣ׼˺ܶ࣬һǸڤ׼ģһҲǿǵѧԺЩ϶˹ģԵö׼һЩ
ʳжͳһãѧԺ֪ѧǶʳйרŷֳһֵıҵʳĻͿԱ֤ʳƷȫˡ
ڤκѰ׼Ժ󣬱ȴӵһؿʼˡ
һʮؿÿһؿѶǲݽģԽԽѡ
һؿд֣˵ʲô⣬ڶĬд£һ֣ʲôдʫʰȣЩĿԴǷƽʱϿλὲģҲǷڸǸϰΡ
ǰضǱȽϼ򵥵ģ˵ܽܣѰҲûоó
ǵȵؿʼѶȾͻȻӴˣڴĿҲԽԽˡ
ЩؿǵѧʶǷʵǿǽڻǷо١
ӢѧԺĲѧӣѰһԵİףҪڶѧ֮ͻɻԵĽԪȷʵǳѵġ
Ԫмǰȴкܶࡣ
ڤοǰĲۣüͷ΢Щԥؽȥ
۱ı֮һεĲԹؿĿЩͬ
ʱȲǷأڤ˿ͣһ¡ڵӢѧԺҪϢĻȫǿԵģֻڳϢ
ʱܻȽܣڲһ˰ڤṩ˺ܶѩͱѧԺͿԵһѩ⡣˺ܶ࣬ԴҲ˺ܶࡣ
Ϣѩʱ򣬶̾һѩϰ̫ˣȻṩôѩ⣬ѧԺֻǸӶѡ
Ҫ֪һѩûˡ
󲿷ֵ˶ǲ֪ѩϰǵӢѧԺˣֻСֵ˲֪ġ
ӢѧԺúܶ˶עģǵϰյעһЩҲʱ֣ϾӢѧԺ治ٵĲӶʵѧģǽ˵ҲΪǵͬء
¼ҵȼΪǵĲĴԹ󣬵ӢѧԺԺҲǹģУԺصظ˵ѵѩͱҳҲб飬ʮֵ졣
þȵ˲ɵһ룬ֱİˡ
Ȼѵѩԣĵط֣ܿôܲأ
ͬڴõ棬쬵ģļֱһ֮ذ
Щѧǳѩͱ鲻ò˵ĽˡȻǼҸտʼʱҲǸڤ͵ģҲռڤεıˣԼˡ
ѩܶ࣬ҲǣϰյϲǼҲõͻĲζʲôζС
һ룬ԼãԳԵָĿζ
һΣĲһЩĹ٣ӼԺΰʤҲˡһΣҪո֣ӢѧԺԺѣҵӢѧԺǰܹȥӼѧϰһµᣬǱ¸ģ˴Ҳǹ˸ɾ
󲿷ֵѧӶǱڲ뷨ӢѧԺҲǺܶģҪõǰҲǺѵġͨһεҲǺôĶġ
ֻҪԱǰģϽĻҲûʲôġ
ԻÿһӢѧԺǰĻ϶꼶Ѿ׼ȥμӻԵˡ
ʵڴ֮ǰҲڿǷ񽫸ڤ뵽ӼѧϰĻԶԷˮƽ϶ǿԿϾ˵ģٺ棬ֻҪбڣЩʲô⡣
ںĲǸڤǷԿǰУֻںܹͨԡ
ֻҪͨԣǽͲˡ
ͳŸڤ⼸׵Ķǿɶ츣յİ
ر֮ǰ˵ҩ;ƾֱñ¸˼ˡ
ֻûȱжʱ򣬶ԷԼȥ˵ӢѧԺҲñЪöԷȥӼ˼
ӢѧԺھҲǷǳģӦҲûʲôġ
ڤγԹһѩ󣬼ǰĲԵͷƮˣ߹ضڸڤ˵㲻á
һ⣬ֻ΢һЩڤοѧ˰
λѧӣѧϣ츳
ڿ˸ڤεĴ̺ʹ𰸺󣬶ѧҲΪ֪Ц˵
֮ǰ˵ڤƺһԼѧϰʽ
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һµʱ䣬Ҳ࣬ҲûʲôĻƣƶš
ڤεͷЦãǾ鷳ʦˣҪʲô飬ֱ֪ͨѩĵԱ
󲿷ֵʱ϶ѧԺģҪǶԷʲôĻֱ֪ͨǣĻϻͻ֪ġ
ľӦ£ʾ֪ˡ
ڤθ˶𣬶ֱӴŷɺͺ뿪ˡ
ȵһ뿪󣬻ͼֽʦЩôôְ
ľľģȻտʼʱЩ֣ϸһ£֪ʲôˡ
Щĳߴ綼ر󣬴˿϶òģֻкӿ˰
ľԼͽһֱۣӵоһͼֽ͸ϽҪÿ˵ȼˡ
ڤ󷽵Ĺ˿ͣûкܶࡣ
ȻһˣôҲҪתһתһ氡
һڱֱӹˣȥʳΪתһȦȥٱӿ˿
ϴ¶ЩѾΪ˹ǾӼұرƷǳĺֲһξͲҪˣһֱҪ˾Ҫġ
ļĻûиʮʮڵ˰ȻĵҲˡ
ϣϣûʲôĶ
ڤαСԲϣЦ˵
ϣ룬๫ȥһɣ֮ǰҿɷõıʣЩͺˡ
ȻԻԣǶԷȷʵʮͨģһ֪Ҿһ㡣
Էϣôõ飬ʮֵ渺ϣҲöԷ̵ĺܺãҶԷƢҲͶϣθڣ˱ͶԷһЩ
֮ǰ˵˶Է
ڤЦЦðϣϣʲô򡣡
һз֮úδС־룬ϣã˶СƽദҲ˽һЩҲûʲôġ
ϣЦӦ£Ÿڤε֣ȥ
ܶ࣬Ͼӽ£Ҷɺܶ࣬ҲǷǳġ
˽ȥԺ󣬸ڤκϣһЩīֽ⡣
Щڶ˵ǱزٵģϣѡЩʵüֵ
ʱһһţڤη֣ͽԺѧԺĿγȷʵһЩ
ָ֣˵һܺĶ
һѧʱ򣬸ڤξͱΰסˣ²˵
ڤһ㶣ʲô֮ǰľ궨Ƶ԰Щˣ⼸ССԲúܿġ
ŵǻ֮ģڤר˽̺ӣŲ棬ˡ
ЩǸġ
ڤؿһۣ׼ЩΰĴӿǲеġ
ΰŶԷĿ⣬źЦЦ棬棬ҼСܺСá
ܵܺã
ڤЩףûмżҵĺǣô֪кĶأ
ΰƺҲ˸ڤεĶԷɻЦЦҼСܺСúСһ˽ӵģԷ˽˵ġ
ﶼ֪ڤεСܽСҲ͸һСǶԷĴ
ԣڤȻЦЦԭ
С˽棬һЩء
룬ΪСܹøѣڤ˼һ£мǾͷ¼ˣʱ䣬ʱСС档
ֻССԲӣ̫ˣҪһĻһĵġ
ҼҲͦģҪԸĻСҲһܸ˵ġ
һ⻰ΰӦ£ððʱҴȥ͡
˵ڤμĳʦһˣлһһ
СܺСȥС飬ȥԲȲǱȽҪġ
ܺ˱ˣڤҲɴѰͳӳһˡ
СǾǵģ˾Ĵ˵ģҲᰤʲô顣
ôˣڤҲٻԳԶóʱ䣬һ
Ѿµˣܶ໨Żβ࿪ţ԰￪˲ٵĻҲһͻȾơ
֮ǰҾƼ滹УһȤġ
ȻһͣڤŸɴŪôһЩϷһҡ¼Ҷ
֮ǰŴţ˳ȽóûһЩӳ͸Ů죬ҲǸĲҵ档
ڳѾǵòˣڤȥǸʳá
ڳϢĻҲԣؼҳԵĻʳҲжǳһԡ
ڤԽԽÿԣţȥ󣬿һЩ뺯档
Ѱ֪ڤε뷨ҲֻЦЦûоܾҲԴСȥתһת
СҲ˽ˣԸ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬Ҷʺ̸¶˼ΣҸĸ˼ˡ



95 095
Ȼڤδ׹һͣ϶ҪϣһµİĻſȷһЩ飬رдϸϸһ£ȻĻ˶Էȴû˸ģǿɾЦˡ
ԵȵѧȥԺ󣬸ڤαͨϣ˵һ¡
ϣ⻰Ժ󣬲ɵЦЦ԰ʶҲ࣬Ҫһ棬ǵȻǿԵ˰
ССԲˣҪһǣСһһǳ˵ء
鶨°³Ժ󣬸ڤα׼
˵ӾͶ¸¼٣ĻҲʱ䣬ѰҲʱ䣬Դźһ档
ڤʶ˲Ǻܶ࣬ҲҪдֻ̫࣬ҪЩԼʶļҾͿˡ
ϣҲʮһεСۻᣬרźһ¡
һβкǹҲд˹ģ˳ԷĶҪһ£һЩСġ
СѶǺϲСʳģССԲͺϲĶһ϶ҲҪһЩġ
֪ϣ˼ԺЦЦСүͽҰɣҿԵġ
ϣ飬ĲһᣬڳԵķ棬Ƿǳŵġ
СүСԲүÿһζ׼СʳԵĸɸɾ֪ԼСһЩСǵϲġ
ϣСӦ£ãǾ鷳ˣһĺӲ٣ɣд˲ΣҪ׼ĳʳ
ǵĶʱСѲһģҴǵĿζҲһСǳԵĶܶ඼ǷǳǸϲġ
Ǽ澭ССԲʯҲ·ģЩҲǷǳеĵá
ֱӦ£ֱȥ룬ҪͣЩʲôŻÿЩϲء
ԵĶļ׼СǵߣϣҪú׼һ¡
ھӢѧԺԽӵʱ죬׼ЩҲüģʽʱ仹м죬ȫġ
ڤھҪԺ󣬵ȵڶ죬ֱӰѰǵ˹ȥֱӽǡ
ѽ֣׼ͦÿġ
λڿЦ˵
û뵽ڤξȻ׼ڼ󣬲ҲãĻҲҪһЩŵģȥ˼͵İ
ϼҡҵڤζҪ͹ȥģĻԵòǺò
رǸң׹Ҳ֪Էˣֻᰴ׼Щľ㣬Ҳǲǿġ
֪ĸ׵ӣǿ϶һġ
֮ǰȥҵʱ򣬻в׺õ˶˶Ƕģ֪ǻ᲻
ڸ񹷽͵Ժ¼ҺϼҵҲҪҪȥ
Ⱞ˽VGһء
֮ǰǿͷ˵һģһʽڼġȻ˵ֻΪúһۣﶼᵥΪƵΰ⺢ȥһġ
ֻ֮ǰСҲ֪һЩܺߣٵ˼ҶԼеĺ˵ЩҲҪȥһ档
¼ҺϼҼ涼СӵģհлȥһȻǰɲܾģҪǣҪüСħ֪˸ͣȥһЩߣҪǲȥģ˵ֻᱻôء
ڤε鲢Ǻܶ࣬ϣȴܶˡ
ôΪҵˣôҲðһε׼úһЩ
ϣרѯһĿһ£Ҳڶһ׷
֮ǰϣ͸ıīֽ⣬ʮֵϲֻǾЩⲻȥϣȴţҪ︺лԷЩӵĽ̵ġ
ʱദϣĹϵҲǷǳģҲ
֪ҲеãҶСϣֱԷ뵱ԷһҪһ档
ֻᲢǺ֮ܶ࣬ǰҲûô˵ԼСܺСһȥˣ˵õԺ󣬸˵˵˾ͺͬԷСܺСȥһ档
֮ǰ˵ҵ˻ǲģΪʮֵƣҲûƶɼҵ˶ڸڤηӡǷǳġ
Ȼ֮ǰҪȥʦʱ򣬼ʵЩĵģ̫ÿˣǻᵣĶԷ۸ˡ
һȴǣλɵķǻӣ֪ڤκϣǷǳమģԾͲôˡ
֮ǰݹǳӳܵģɼҵ˶ڳӳҲǷǳлġ
¼٣ڤκϣеĶ׼ˣ͵ſ˺Сˡ
һǺܺã¶ȴôˡ
Ѿµˣ¶Ƚˣ˼ʡ
үϷӺϷˡ
ſӭӿˣԺ󣬱ſ˽ȥˡ
ŵˣӺӻ϶ʶġ
ЩӣѩҲЩˣԸڤθɴƽˣúǻˡҪǺӺõϰߣѩҲһ㣬ڤλŸŪЩʲôһ
ڤ˺ӵĻǰȥֵӣϷˡ
ϷӳŸڤЦЦ˿ˣ
δڤЦЦԽ˴˽ȥ
ϷӵĺȻˣûкӣϷÿһֻ۲˵ĺӡ
ûһᣬӳǱˣǶԼСù
Ϸ˺ϷӶǱȽϲСѵģŸ˺ǡ
СԲۿɼĳ˺ܶడ
ϷҲǾСԲģŶԷСȣڼߣɵЦЦ
ڤЦЦͬǰС־ҲˣҲˣʱҶϣϣˡ
СԲԵúãԵҲ࣬غ߶һЩʱڣϣĲôԱס
Ÿڤ֮ǰĶƵ԰ߣڤαԺˮ͸㣬ô˾ͳһԡ
Сÿһ˶ʶǣСԲ֣ЦŵЩǸģҸʾһ¡
˵ţѾ߿СԲÿһϷʾһ¡
ǧÿһ˶֪ôģȷʵЩô֪ġ
С˻ݣΰ壬ʾһ¹ЩСϷС˵Ƿǳġ
ＸǺ֪ܿôˣܿʹһƬ
ɧѾڣϣ͸ڤҲǺܷĵġ
һΣ¼ҵĵͦģסۣ̫ү̫̫ˣ˵û
̫ү
Ϸӿ̫үԺִ˸
û뵽һ¼͵ˣȻ̫ү
ڤҲЩ죬ǰүӣ̫̫롣
ѽСҪôţǾ͹תһתڼˡ
̫̫ĸڤεļº͵Ц˵
ۺѾһ˷һߣЦ֣үýûʲô飬ͳתתġ
ǸðӭӭڤЦЦ׻˵úã˶Ҫڼţͦĵġ
̫үһԵϣϸϸƷζһ£С˵ĺð˶仰
ڤЦЦҲ˵ġ
仰ﳣ˵һ仰ɲ˵ģûоӹĴ㡣
ҲһԣүӵԳڤμĲˮζǷǳõġ
֮ǰ׽иڤСܣֽжԷ֣ⱲֲˣȸڤδһЩ͸ɴжԷˡ
һ⻰үӺضǰĲ豭һڣȷʵ㡣
̫̫Ҳһڣ۾һЩǻ裬Щ𡣡
ϣЦЦ̫̫˵Ķһ㣬Ĳ趼๫ģ˻иɫˮ
ϣ֮ǰôϲҶڤα˹влһЩˮ棬ζرĺá
ڤЦЦλϲҪλϲĻǾʹһЩؼңЩ軹Ǻܶġ
Щ㲻ʲôҪϲĻͷװһЩͿˡ
̫̫ЦЦãǾͲˡ
ĵûǺܿĵģСҲܿġ
̫̫̫үǵһңڤǸɴһߣԷһ¡
ϣǵĶӰɰ
СԲ̫̫ԷС֣Ц˵
ϣЦŵͷСԲͷ̡̫
СԲͣжԷ̫̣ġ
СԲûм̫ү̫̫ģԼķô˵ˣǾͽаɡ
ɰ̫үЦЦֿһԵ׺ۣʲôʱװǿСĺӶôˡ
׵Сû˵
ҲǣصͿһүүԵֻûû
׬ǮĴʱôԳأôõʱ⣬׵𣿵Ȼ׬Ǯġ
Լӵӣүûصһۡ



96 096ʥϵ
ڤκϣүӺϷڼתתʱĻã԰ľҲǳĺÿټϻкֺǺǵЦշǳĺá
үӺϷ˱ϾڸҳԹ緹Ժ׺۱ȸǣ׼ؼˡ
˾û磬ٴһرӳΰǶǴԼҵССùģʱãǷֿؼҵĻ϶ǲġ
춼ǼڣԴҲżóӳΰʵҲûôڸڸš
ڤλ֪ǵ뷨ģ˱һЩǿһ飬졣ڤﲻпѧԵ飬һкܶ־֮鼮ڸڤ˵鲻࣬ܶණҪ˽һµģ˵飬˽˺ܶĶ˽ǰ֪Ϣ
ڸҵӻǷǳĵģǸտʼʱǺģ鶼ǿģһʱ䣬֮ǳˡ
Լ´һ棬СԲȻСģر𰮻СԲŶԷ棬öԷΪСԼһԱߡ
ڼˣʱϣ͸ڤҲǹ۲ģò˵ЩǵıԶǳĲ˲ò̾һ£ҽ̶Ƿǳõİ
һε׼˺ܶԵĶС϶ǳϲϷߵʱ򣬻صؿ佱һ˵Էĸرʺ˳ԡ
ڤԺ󣬱ֱӽд˳ۣ¼ҵųԣЩ䷽еǴλϵͳҳģҾĸζ͸Ӻóˡ
ڤһٶϷ˺үӶԸڤκϣӡ͸ˣͺܺãû뵽
ڿҵƢԶܺãҲʮֵĺÿͣҲɰֵýõĶ
ڤΪһҲǷǳĵģΪǶ÷ǳĲΪ˵ȻеԺģϾҲǵһΰʽᡣ
Ȼ׼˺ܶණҲ׼ĺȫ滹ǻе
ȵʱʱ򣬴󲿷ֵ˶뿪˸ңڤκϣߺ󣬲ɵ˿
˶һۣɵЦЦϣϣ˵˵ģͦ۵ġ
ۣ׵
СԲվһԣԼķƺЩ׶ԷΪʲôô˵
СԲɰСģڤιһЦԷСͷһ죬ȥϴ裬ڳ
ȻûôˣôҲ˺ܾãСӻִ󣬳Ǻġ
Ѿչ˵ĺܺãѼλСҲտĺܺãҲûʲôСìܣÿӶܿģֺǡ
С˼Դãȥϴ衣
СԲСӣԶԷ϶Ҫ˰ϴģСԾԼѾܴˣһ㶼Ѿ߰ԼԼϴġ
ȵȥԺϣ͸ڤθ˵˼仰ҲæطϢһˡ
һỹøСԲϴ裬СԲϴ軹ʡģҲۡ
Ȼڤκϣд˻㲻˶ãľۻᣬԺ٣ǿȥμ˼ҵģԼҰĻͦ˵ġ
֮ǰߵʱ򣬸ڤ֮ǰľƾһЩҩЩҲˣҲùˣǿʵеġһιһЩڤμá
ĿǰЩֻڱ߽ʹã滹ûеģ˳׺ͱǱУҪ϶ûеģøڤһЩϾЩҩ;ƾ䷽Ǹڤθء
ҲˣҩˣԹȫãȻҪԷġ
ǱҲЩҩģȻᣬҲ֪Щڱ߽ʿǵҪԣرǶЩΪոȾʿ˵ǲˡ
ڤҲĵԲŴδд䷽Ĳ
ðҩԺ󣬲ſԷӳӦеļֵֻԵЩҩ
ڸڤοЩҩԼģֻվ˾˵ļϣͬʱһָĴڣԽЩϸ׺ʹȥҪĹ׻׺ʹǣڤҲδӹ
ȻڤģʥϺܾЩԲסڤΣöԷ̫ˣЩһóȥǷǳҪġ
ҪЩ˼õˣҪĿ϶Ǹ߽ʿŸΪԼıȡ
ڱº׿ǸڤΰЩ߸ǵĻ˵ǰ֪ЩĴڣ֪ˣûиڤεĻһûа취Щġ
ˣľøڤʮֵþ塣
ʥϵ뷨ǻøڤһЩϲܸĻҲҪһЩ
ŸڤǸոǣˣﶼ֪ԷǰЩףҪäĿȥʹ͸ĻһھȻ󲨵ġ
ܶ˾ͻȥ鸵ڤε飬ͬʱҲԷһЩ䡣
ˣʥϲЩΪѰڤεĻܾȥҪǽĻֲܴ󷽷ġ
ڤǾ˵Ļǿ϶ͺ˵ˡ
ֻҪǾˣǿ϶ͿԲμӵˣԵΣɶбºһЩҪĹԱģԲԷһЩΣǣڤֻһͨͨѧӣǸոս뾩ǵѧӡ
˵һûûݵģҪֱʹ͵Ļ˵Ϊڤθʲôء
Ϊ˲Լһ˾ᣬʥֱӰʲô飬Ƕйˣһ취ҪһգϾǸĻأЩ鲻ôףȻҪϳˡ
ʱڼļλλԺյĴǣ׷ױ˹档
ﻹĶЩ棬û£ôǽأ
ź飬ǼҴҵؽ˹
´ˡ´ˡһ£Ҫλϸϸһ
ʥڹ棬Щɺζ
¿ɴ￴Żϵӣеľˣһʱ򣬾ʹţҪǵˡ
Ȼ¶ô˵ˣΪ󳼣϶Ҫ·ֵµġ
¿ɴ֪к£ҲŹ֮һΪ·ǵġ
վ
֪¿ɴʮּˣû뵽ôļ
Ȼ֪Ҫ˵ʲô飬ҲԲܱ˦
ԼͱҪԼǿİ
ǰһֹ˵£֪ǵǺ£ΪµĳӣǾΪ·ǡ
¿ɴ￴һ飬鲻ɫЦЦ
ǺǺǣ˦ѵҾͲܰˣ
¿ɴޱתͷֵ´˵
¿ϳǶζؿ˿ΪȤġ
Ҳףﻹ˵㣬ǵð˵ſԵġ
ˣ±ֱӽҩ˵һ£صǿĵظڤνһ¡
¿ɴ⻹ǵһ˵飬Ҳ֪СӣСܣѹֶԷʱɫ糣޽źأԭ֪˰
ǸϺ꣬ϺСҲǸǵģͷǡ
£ҩڱ߽սʿŷǳãǸڤιûڸڤμ޹ַ壬˹Ժ󣬲㣿
¿ɴҲ֪ǳҪȻñӣǾ˵֮ǰڤξ׵Щҩ;ƾǷǳõġ
׵˽⣬ԷԲùóģܹõµǰѾʹˡ
û뵽Ӳôһ鰡Ըı߽սʿǵ˰
Ҳ⣬⸵ڤֻиŵĳƺţûĹ
˵ʵھ棬ŲֵǮǾˣӽ£ҲǺܶġ
ҪԷĻֻ˵͵͵˽Ͽ϶ǲеġ
ȻĻ㲻Щע⣬Ҳ𾩳ϰյע⡣
ʥ΢΢üͷָӣǰҲ취ʱ̫ˣڤҪſԿԣȲ۽ΣµʱѾˡ
ʱ̫ˣƽַæĲһǵס
ܲרŽȻɣ
¿ɴﹰ֣ʱֻ뵽ӡ
ģڣ
黹Ǻ˽¿ɴģԷ⣬ֻû˵ѡ
£λˣʲô뷨
һԵ룬ֱվ£ϳһӣ֪ǷС
ʥϻ˸ƣ°˵˵
飺Ȼ˽µģȥһ£ڤεҪʲôͶøá
ʹһѶøڤԼ뿴ҪʲôȽϺá
˵Ҳ˽⸵ڤξԲʨӴ󿪿ڡ
ڤһ򶼽жȣ֮ǰԷʹδҪӱõһЩͣȻǱҪԷĻһʸڤΣԸڤεӣҲԻῼǺܶ࣬ñ¾Ϊѵġ
Ȼһ⻰ʥҲ˼ʵӻͦõġ
ĻøڤԼȥͲҪȥô˰Ǹð취



97 097
飬ﶼòҲͦõġ
Աֱİ壬°ãͽ°ɡ
ºͼλҲ֪¼ҵۺ׺͸ڤʶһʮֵ磬ۻȥһʸڤΣ˵Ͱˡ
Ҳױµ˼㽫ӦȵӹԺֱӰԼҶӽ
ˡ
飺۰ʱȥһҸڤΣûʲôҪĽ
ԸڤεԸֻҪڤԺ󣬾;Ի֪ʲô˼ġ
ۻЩɻ󣬵ǵ˵ͷһҪʲôô찡
ۻô֪ҩ;ƾ飬ʵҲЩ±Ƶġ
ЩؿһԼҶӣģСϻۣ϶֪ʲôġ
ֻҪ˵Ļڤһ뵽Ϊҩ;ƾ²Żʹ͸ġ
⻰ͷֱӵõĵʱȥһ¸֡Ȼô˵ˣôʾͿˡ
ʱ䣬ڤζͦæģѧԺʱ䶼ͦģʱ丵ڤζѧԺԵģֻϲſԼڤεġ
ȵڤѧԺ󣬾Ϳڿ棬С㣬һԶССԲ˵ͦġ
ôˣڤһԣڲˮЦʵ
ЦЦֱӵɲģҵҹģ㣬ûʲôҪĶҪ㽱ʲôġ
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ķķǻˡ
СԲؼҺԼķһ
ϣԷԺӸڤεĻ潫СԲӹ׶Է۵ССԲÿ𣿡
СԲ§Լķ˵ͷǵز˲Էģ˺ܶණ
ڵ
СԲСָŸڤİ˵
ڤǣϣ֣ЦЦϣϣȽȥСԲѡ˺ܶĶء
СԲѡģϣЦЦԼһСԲ˵
ڤεͷ˵һ£˹СԲﶼġ
СԲСȣ󽫸ϣѡù͵ϣ棺ķģÿ
ϣԼĶɵЦЦԼҶӣллСԲķǳϲ
û뵽СԲȥȻһ̫̫ˡ
ȵǹʱСԲҲݸǣǵһױĽš
һ˳ڤҲţȵʮŵʱ򣬾ͲԽ͸ˡ
ȵʮһ죬ڤκϣȥ档
߲ѾˣһЩˮҲˣеˮУһЩԳˣͷǳˡ
๫Щ߲˶ʮֲ
ϣ˽߲˶ժˣЦ˵
ڤͨЦЦǺܲģҺðˡ
˲ܶͻ᷽ܶˡ
֮ǰڤθ迵˵ȵ߲˳ԺԷһ
ˣ¼ʱ򣬸ڤר̼ʵ߲˷˱ȽԵλá
ǲֳ߲ˣ蹫ȤĻԹһơ
ڤνʵ߲ùЦ˵
׿ǰʵ߲߹ЦЦ治ҴȥҼĿһ߲ˮ÷ǳ
븵ڤθǼһ¼Ҳø񣬵ʱЩʵ߹óȥǷǳӵġ
ڤҲЩ¼ҵĲŶԷֱӳԺȥˡ
¼ҵĲǱȸڤμҪһЩרŵտ߹ƶǳĲ
֣˰
ڼ濴һ²߹ڤԺ󣬸˵ظԷ˸
ڤЦŵͷùһơ
ЦЦףС壬ǽкܶʵ߹ˣڤ̫ˡ
Ǽʵʵ߹Ҳȱûʱˮóԣѡ˶ϡƷû뵽ǾȻԼֳ
ЦЦŸڤνȥߣȥơ
ڤЦӦ£ȥ󣬲ŷ֣¼ҵĲǷǳģú¶Ҳͦߵġ
Ժӻ̫СˣԵĻֶÿũȽϺһЩ
ڤ˵Ҳݵģ㲻Ƕ죬κʱǿŪãһ߹ĳɳڣõġ
ԴǶڰ˵Ҳһ¡



103 103ʱ߹
˸ڤεĻۺ׶һۣ׷Щȡ
ڤΣҪģĸǵĻǻķѺܶ
ıȽ϶࣬Ȼ˵ЧĺܲҪǵĶҲǱȽ϶ģҪϴģǵĻ϶úķһĹǿԵġ
ڤЦЦʵҲԣֻҪǳˣǽͺðˣʵϣķѵҲǺܶġ
˼飬úһ£оһǳҪ顣
ڤЦŵͷҾÿԣȵǿԺúһ£ӦҲˣ߲ˣڻ΢һЩҼϣ⼸Ҳˡ
ڲǿ߹ڵģȻܶ࣬Ҳôһ㣬ҪǿԷֲ߹һΪҪһ㡣
۵ͷͬǿҪúһ°
¼ھҲеصģеĻֱӿóһֵĵһ飬Ļ˵ԡ
ڤӦ£ֻڻʱȵˣٺúһЩһ£ĻҲܾһȥ顣
ڤһҪĿľ¼ģ˳ſһ¼ҵĲ鶼Ūˣ϶Ҫȥİҵûȥء
ڤξȥϷӼ棬ҲԷȥһЩ
ϷӲ֪ڤμвֲʵ߹ΪԷǻ˴Ǯ˵ġ
С׵ģЩʵ߲ˮ̫ˣ´ҲҪˡ
ȻڤѾ͹ˣϷӿ϶ͲöԷȥģֻܶԷ´βҪˡ
⻰ڤβɵЦЦӣҼֵģǮġ
Ϸһ⻰ʮ죬ԼֵģЩˮ߲˶İڿǶ
Щ߲ˮϷӻܹϵõģЩѺϣɲе
ڼŪһȻֲЩ߲ˣǾɡ
ڤЦŽһ£ЩǲҪǮģֻΪֵ٣ȻĻĿóȥء
ȵڤȥҡżҵȼԺ󣬱ֱӻȥˡ
׼ˣҲûʲô飬ˣǼϿ԰Ϣˡ
ڸڤδ¼뿪Ժ׿һ񣬴ѡ׸׼Ķֱӽȥˡ
һǰЩùȥһҲԷ˵һ¹ڲ飬Ȼ߲ˮԳˣ˵õġ
¼Ҳģֻǽ˹ܼײ֪ʲôӵģĶչǳģôõġ
֪Ժ˽ˡ
һѵĶȥǽˣ񣺡¡
֣Ǵʲôôһѣ
ǿˣǰ͹ˣ
Ҳûеʱ䰡δҲ̫Щ
ЦЦֵ£һǸڤ͵棬صرǳ˵Ǹġ˵һ£߹ȫˣҪпյĻȥһơ
¿϶Ҫ֪ģ֮ǰԷ˵Ҫһ²߹ֲ׹ŶԷûпյģǾֻܵȵˡ
ԣ²ɵһ㶣ЦЦǸ߲ˮѾԳˣһθڤûз氡
֮ǰͦģĿԳĻǻʹҲǿŪһİĻ϶᷽ܶġ
棬ʵ߲ˣѣһҲĵһμڤ˵ϣµƷ֣ζǳĺá
׽һԵİ򿪣¼״ˣϸϸơ
ˣȥϴˣ޳һ
ֱ˽ϴϴҪѿһǳ׵飬һ㶼Žġ
û뵽ڤξȻѣǸȻİ
ȵ˽ϴһ󣬱һһųɵõ˵ͷ°䣬㳢ζĺüˡ
ζһģҶǳĲҪǣˮڶţоǳʣ̵ģܾϲˡ
ҲһЦЦζȷʵֻϧҼĲûѣ󲿷ֲֶ˵ġ
´οһЩˮҲʵˮˡ
ԽӾʮֲˣһʱ䣬룬ȥһԵĻٻʹҲŪһ
ڻʱ򣬾ǹˣҲҪһӣԵڻʹŪһۺʱԳԵԼԵĶˡ
׵ͷӦ£ֻҲõȵʱ¶ȽæڤҲ׼꣬ĹҲȫżˣ϶ûжĲġ
˽Щ͵ԼС棬˸һЩ̫ʲôĻûзݵģϾô߲ˣһ˳ԣûء
ȵ뿪ʹԺ󣬻ؼҵʱÿ顣
ŵԼСܣ۾ͻȻһУСװ
˶ԷĻɵöһ£磬ôˣ
Էֲĸо
鿴һԼСܣС۰ѹгɼҵ뷨
һ⻰ױ֪ԷҪ˵ʲôˣ磬ʱ飬ڣ½һʮҪ飬ҵȥˡ
һԤУӦ˵Ҫ˰ɣ
ŶԷһ̵ؾˣһΣǵܴɸ簡
ڤڼҪСԲ棬ͬʱҲ׼ŹĶ
Ȼǽھǹ꣬ǣиڤʶˣҲģֵͦġ
꣬ɺˮʱһھʮֵˣͬʱлкܶıء
ϷӻȽ϶ģʱȻһǮˡ
๫⾩ĺְ
ڳϦҹһ죬˴ֱȥϹȥˡ
ôʱôԲһء
ڤǣ֣ЦЦȷʵǳ֣ȥһߡ
СԲھ
кܶˣߺСߴߴĽ
ѽӣ壬Ϧְ
ڤκϣû뵽ȻῴѰһˣ˸
ѰҲЦЦǺɰ
ڤҲЦЦǽҲǳתһת𣿡
ǰѰЦӦ£˱ֱһˡ
꣬ﻹǷǳĵģһҹԲŴһ϶ڼ棬Ҫȥ꣬˴һһ磬ڤһڱȥˡ
һǰ꣬ͬʱҲȥˡ
ȻˣڤֻǴСԲȥ˼Ҷѣջķᣬÿ˿ԲཱུСԲϲĲˣټϹ꣬ѹǮȸڤĸжࡣ
ѵڼ˼죬ɵԽԽ̺󣬸ڤβһҪҵѹȸС
๫͡
ϣ֪ڤεĿҵȻûд꣬ھֶ֮࣬˼ΣֻĬĬظԷˡ
ڤԷСӣϣϣ˵๫ҵдĻô
Ȼˣڤֻôһ˵ѡ
⻰ϣ๫ǲԵġ
˶٣ִЩֻ๫ҪǲдĻϷӿ϶׷ġ
ڤεЦЦϣһǣ˺ˣ๫ȥѧϰȥ
ȻҲдˣҪǲдĻϷָء
ˣڤֱڼ油ҵˣʱĸܵЩżҵǵ顣
ΪһѾ˺ܶԵˣڤܾãԼѡ񿼿ƾ٣ܾӲԾֻѧϰĻҲûа취
ֻڤεýŹ£úúѧϰ
֮ǰ˵Ҫһģڳŵһ죬ڤλڼҵʱױֱҹˡ
蹫Ҫһ
ڤһԣ˿ڲˮĿҵֻһƪˣͦõģͿԺúϢˡ
׵ͷǰ뿴һĲǼҲ߲ˣʱ򣬻϶ˡ
ȻĻȥ¼ҿҲǿԵġ
ڤһ⻰ɵЦЦ԰ü沣Ķء
֮ǰţ蹫ʱأû뵽ôż
ֻҲãȻĻٹЩӣڤξҪȥѧԺϿˡ
Լʱ䣬ȵʮһһ죬ڤαڼ׼˶׼ӭӿˡ
Ȼײ˵˵ʵݣڤ滹ģ½ɨһ£ó˺ܶĵģ׼һЩʵˮ
蹫ӣò
ڤοԱߵ迵֣Ц˵
迵ҲЦЦ˵Ĳʱ߹ºúܣ֪ӿɷȥһƣ
ĿģΪȥһǸġ
ð蹫롣
ڤЦЦֱ˸ơ
ȻԷĺѣֻ뿴ĻڤεȻҲʱ˷ĵĺˡ



104 104ү
ڤֱӴȥԺĲ߹еģ֮ǰֻһЩˣĶԼٳԣǼҲûˣ󲿷ֻûгġ
迵ŸڤγŲ߹ȥˣ濴Щɵģ濴Ųر
¶ȵͣǲ¶ȸߣԻ䣬Ļ濴ĻͿ岣ĶŪ
λ롣
ڤνڴ򿪣˵
׾㲻ȥҲ֪ʲôӵģ迵ȷʵ֪ģ֮ǰûпЩȻ֪ʲôӵġ
迵վڲſڣͿԿ̵߲˺ˮˡ
ȥԺ󣬸ڤν߲ˮŵؽһ£棬ܹоһ⣬̫վڲ棬ͻЩȣѹЩĶǿԳء
ⲣʮ氡
ȵˣΪ¶ȸһЩĶͿԴˣҪĻвĴڣĶǿԺֲġ
¹ӰҼҲŪһ֪ҪôŪ
迵ҲŪһȻڹŪˣҪ׼һլӣֱ׼Ϳˡ
ڱ˵ھ׼һլӣǻС˼ģҪȻôܴ󣬵ҪڻʹŪһǾЩ˰
ֱڹŪһĻ͵߲ˮֱ͵ҲǿԵġ
ڤ⻰ɵЦЦǿԵģֻûпҪȵԪڹſԵİɣ飬ǵ۲С
Ͼ¸ĲҵĹŪġ
ȻЩģˮũڤλĲֻ֪ܰһ۰æˡ
ŪСӰæ
迵֮ǰҲǴģҪڸģҲûлɵġ
һԵͷֱӵãȵҵԺҾСֱȥŪһ
Ȼ迵ô˵ˣǿ϶Ҫլӵ˼ˣֻҪԷŪլˣҲ϶׵ģǲĵġ
ڤЦŵͷժһЩˮ߲ˣȻˣ蹫ӲһЩˮ
⼸һڶȻЩˣʱ򿾻ЩȣЩϵĻȥġ
ðǾͳһ
֮ǰ͸ЩҲ˲ٳȥڹѾûˣڸڤһЩˮ迵Ȼǲܾġ
ڤ˽ѡ϶׼һЩ˽㶼˿棬˱ڿˡ
ڤΣĿҵô˰
׻ǺܹעڤεĿҵģ֮ǰ;øڤкܶĶֻҪԷˣǿ϶Ķġ
ڤЦЦԣھѧԺúѧϰ԰
迵Ҳڲˮ˼ǸӿҪ˰Ϊ٣һһù١
ڤЦЦǾͽ蹫Ӽˡ
迵ÿ죬ȥҲ죬Է뿪ǰڤλרöԷһЩ߹ȥˣҪʲôǺܲã
ڤΰͰĹѧϰҲոڤ˵ģȥ˺ܶĲ
迵ĲһָģڤһֱѧԺ棬Ҳûرע顣
ܿ죬ů˺صۣ΢ᱡһЩİӣڳʱҲڲϵæš
ĴҲʱ
³Ѿ΢ůһЩˣڿĻͬʱҲ̫ġ
֣ʲô
ڤѧʱ򣬾ͷѰǶˣһſһطڿʲô
Ѱڤˣӻ֣ûʲôڿ꼶һСеľӣҲơ
ڤüͷνСʵϷǴǰһοԣѧԺһЩõ¶ˣ˿һúѧϰһ¡
ͬʱѧԺҲѾҲ˳ĻҲһһơ
ڤιȥһ£ò˵һεľӻЩѣڤ뵽ʲô󽫾ժһݡ
ŴԵ٣Ҳ΢Щŵˡ
ŸڤûʶҪμӣԻá
ҲҪ԰
ΰһԣ˿ڷˣ̾һ
ӳһۣüͷôˣģ
ǿ϶İΰЦЦΣֻϣܹиξͿˡ
ԼҪ󲻸ߣУȻĻöԲԼԼķӡ
֣ʱ仹أԵģ̫š
ѰЦЦǽŬһиõĳɼġ
ڤҲͬصͷǰǵĵӶ϶Եġ
ڤε뷨ʵΰЩƵģֻҪܹϣǾûʲô⡣
ƺǻĸ˽Ŭѧϰˡ
Ե飬ڤҲûô⣬һΪ迵Ҫǲһǣڤκ۾ھǱߵĵأһЩ
ȻˣΪ˱֤ʳֻ׼üʮĶĵأҲĳܷΧڡ
ۣĵطԡ
Ѯٵʱ򣬸ڤαȥ˾һĵء
ЦЦȷʵһõط
Ժ󣬶ֱȥ˼ӽͬʱۻڿŽӺͲ˵طȥ
ˣʱ۳æԸڤαֱӽӺӴȥ۴֡
ԼҲˣǿԸϽ̡ڣڤҲѧϰ
תۣһȥˡ
ڵĸڤΣ֮ǰøӳˣͬʱСԲҲһЩѾˡ
๫첻Ǻ칫Լ𣿡
·ݵüˣϣǵøڤǺѰԼ˵ģⶼ쵽ʱˣɸڤȴûг
ڤκ˿ڲˮüͷϣϣͻȻһǳҪ⡣
ʲô
ϣһ㶣Եʵ
ڤοһԵӣǲǸСԲȥ˰
ⶼˣ˰ҲʼСء
๫֮ǰ˵СԲС𣿡
ϣŲԶСԲЦ˵
ڤؾԼ֮ǰĿǴģСԲԿʼˡ
ȥ˽ӣʦʡڼ
๫ʦ棿
СԲͻСһ˽ӶҪġ
ڤεͷ룬Լ̡
̣ЩĵģԼκεˡ
ϣһ٣ЦЦҲá
˱ԼķɣԼĶӣڤβȥѰԼõĵص㡣
Լȥ۵ģȻˣ˱Լȥǵͺȥۣ˳ȥдʫġ
֣֡֡
ڤεԺѾˡ
⸽ͤӺܶ࣬Ҳпյĵطĸ˱ͤţҲʮֵ
ְٹ¾ǻˣǺʱţ
ΰؿѰЦ˵
֮ǰѰһλС㶨ףµҲЩ죬Ӣ۾ټѰƷãѧģǻ˼Ҳƶ֮ˡ
ҪǣλСϲѰѰڽӴԺҲˣˣֱƸˡ
¡
ѰЦЦڵԽˣټϱͳÿҲǫǫӵ̬
ΪѰദ˼ˣˣ֪ԷɲͨİģǺԲ
ڤЦЦǾףֽ˹顣
ڶʱҲǺģѰѧʶǾԵġ
ѰһһĸڤΣֿһˣǾʹȤҰɣ˵ĺǶƵġ
ԣӳɵЦЦҡҡӣˣ˻⣬ǽʲôţ
ɲΪһģҪǣƣпܻᱻѰһ١
ҽдĲۣѰơ
ڤֱӽԼĲóѧϰĲˮƽ˺ܶˡ
ҲæԼĿҵóĸУѰˮƽߵģ֮ǰϷӾ˵Ҫʱ䲻ѰˮƽͿֱӲμӽĻԵġ
ֻһ˵ſԣѰֻܺ͸ڤһ
ѰЦЦҲԼĿҵ˳ͺķҲܺãֳʫһɡ
ֳʫ˵ǱȽϿˮƽˡ
ĸ˽īֽȫóʼԼ顣
ھԵʱԽԽˣһʱ䣬ı仯Ӧ˵ı仯Ǻܴġ
۵̣ڼ¶оӺͲˣÿÿڶʵ߲ˣҲôˡ
Ȼ߲΢ôһ󲿷ֵ˼ҶǳԵġ
ҪЩ˼ҲǲԾڽ
ڽ϶ģҲǳԵţϰյҲ˺ܶ࣬е˼Ϊʵ߹¸ˡ



105 105
ڣѾΪÿÿҲرļҾƷˣۻ̶ͨӣ̵ˣ̵ϴģɲֻͬʱҲȥĹҡ
ҲΪ˾֮磬ɫµľӣ½ʮҵĹҲرϲȴʮֵĹ󣬶ȴÿ˶
һУ涼ΪиڤεĴڲſԵġ
ڲǱ£ةǣ޲øڤθϿ쿼ԣĻǲȥʽöԷ
ĸں߱ѧǷǳзΧģͬʱҲǷǳиоģĵĻ̸֮以ѾԻ
ŻԽԽڤ鷿ʱҲԽԽˣҵ֪ԷҪʼ׼ˣҲŶԷʳסöԷоԷ׼ǿĺ
ڸڤκѰǾһѧϰʱҲûȥŶԷʲô飬ȵڤο˵Щ󲿷Ҳ֪ô㸵ڤβ˵ĻҲҲġ
һεĻԣȻûκεĲǣȴ֪ģһλԣǣźܶ˵ģ󲿷ǣĻǳġ
⼸꣬ĵĴǣ֪Ҳ֪ˣ֪ܶණǸڤŪģ֪ԷһҪῼѾ˸ָİ취ŵȵڤ볯Ϊٺ󣬽ԷǵǸ档
תۣˡ
๫Ҫţ㡣
ϣһҶڤͿֻڤοŲǺܽţϣǿЩš
ڤοŴﲻɵЦЦû£ǻȥɣڻأҲŵģȵˣҾͳ
СԲҲ֪ԼҵҪԣ§ŵĲӣСԲģม
ãҲСԲġ
׶ԷСڤЦ˵
ԺԲһԵʱ򻹿ԳǻȴǵȵȫԺſԵģ˸ڤҪڿſԡ
ϣ˽ŵУڤֱӽ˿ˡ
һ飬ڤβŵԼĿᣬһεĿǶ֪ڤ˵ģǻĲʶڤγʲôӣټһֱǲȥķʽרժžһ˿һ˽׵Ŀԡ
ڿ棬ڤεǷǳƽģǳϺʱ򲻶ԣһЦڲڼѧϰ˰̫ˣڤξԼѧˣֻҪྡͿˡ
һǷɹڤζڣʱ仹ǷǳŬģһֱʮĿ飬׼һεĻῼ
ȵʱ䵽ԺڿʿǱֱӿʼˣûһѲ˾ȻʿΪ˱֤ƽԣͬʱʿԸǿֵǿ۾͸˵ˣʮֵļ
õԾԺ󣬸ڤǴɨһֱۣӿʼ滮ˡ
쿼ԣÿһ춼ῼͬݣˣһһľӣ췢ȥȻȵֱȵڶٷһӡ
ڤԺ󣬱ֱӿʼݸˡ
ܹμӻԵˣһˢӵģԹˣбµˣˣһεĻԣҲкܶྺֵġ
ڻԶھ棬쾩ΰҲʮֵĲʮֵϽ
棬ڤʮֵŬ׼ĳʳǷǳģҲԣ涼޵ĵطͰÿһΣһθڤεҲûʲô
һ磬ͭԺ󣬸ڤ˿
ڽ˰Ҳõ
ԾȫȥԺ󣬸ڤαֱӳȥˡ
ȻоڤµڣɸԷûô˯á
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֪еĿԶϣرڿȺˣڤδԺСԲ˹ȥ
СԲԼӣһ˫Բֵ۾ˮ󣺡ˣأǲǺѰ
Ȼ׻ῼҪԣѾˣ֪ڤȥԵģʶػÿԺѡ
ŶԷӣڤβɵЦЦԷСûû£ǵû˯ãһؼҺСԲŵϢòã
ڿ϶ûڼ˸ڤξԼҲģҪǣдôĶķôľҲġ
һʱѰҲˣ˵ɫҲ͸ڤЩƣһƣܿӡ
ڤΰϢİҪؼˡ
ѰŸڤλӻ֣Լ˵뿪ˡ
ڤεͷһԵϣǣϣϣǻȥɣҪȥúϴ裬˯
ڿˣڤζҪԼˣں޲ԡͰúõݸ裬
ϣͷŶԷȥúӳżȥ
ȵ˼棬ڤεһ±ϴ裬˵㶫㵹ڴ˯ˡ
СԲԭҲǲģǿ˯ĸڤΣҲ˸Լҵԣ˯̵ġ
ῼȥˣǿǱȽæµˣΪ˱֤ԵĹƽԣ֮ǰ˽ÿľժſ
ѽݲдĿð
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ڤοûйô࣬ڼ˯Ժ󣬴СԲɹ̫
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ǰɣҵʱǴ˺üĲݸء
ڤЦЦҲѰǵùˡ
ĸÿ˶ԼسԴͿԼسһ֡
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֮ǰΰһֱŵ飬Ϊ֮ǰѰ˵ǸζرĺóԣǾĵûģټϸڤ֮ǰ˵ʲô⣬ΰ͸ˡ
Ŷ鰡û⡣
ڤһ⻰ɵЦЦԶϷǵĻɵЦЦ˶ӣ
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ϷֻǴ¿һ£ЦЦҿһĸ˵ľӣ˵Ƿǳģû⣬ǾΣҲ
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ллӣϾͺãҵҪ󲻸ߡ
ڤ˿ϾͺãɶĶǲҪġ
ԣ˾С
ҲҲǣҼ˵˾С
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ϷӿһԼҵͽܣɫźÿһЩһʱˣˣɣҽתһȦûҾȻȥˡ
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ȵϷӻȥԺ󣬸ڤǻǼһ£ȻˣһεصΡ
ҾѰǵһ
ΪѰĺѣڤһѰʮֵţԷѧʶˮƽĺܸߣȥͿȥμӻˣ˵һǻԪء
Ѱһۣεѧڶ࣬ѧʶ춼ǿҪһѰ



106 106¼ҵ뺯
һῼĵһ˭뵱ѰҲ뵱һҪǶ̫ǿˣҲûа취
Ҫ˵⼸ѰλѧĶһջѧȻԼ̬
һԵΰЦЦ˵㶫Ѱͷİɣÿһο㶼ѧԺĵһһҲһǵġ
֮ǰԵʱ򣬶ѰõһģԺѰдĲЩʮֵ͡
ˣһֱãһεĵһǷѰĪ
ϾѰģһֱѧԺŵһˣҲûеİ
ѰҴһ죬Իȥˡ
ϣ֪ڤκѰԼһԴ𰸵ģʵ滹Щڴġ
๫ǽ˴𣿡
ϣһԣؿԷЩڴ
ڤԷЦЦ㻹๫ýϷӣϷ˵ûġ
ȻԷû˵ŵΣڤζԼԵĳɼĻЩġ
һ⻰ϣ˼ˣ̫˰
ԹǵԣԻܿ죬ΪҲҪ˲ţÿһĿ͢ὫȥطеĺвţҲеΪٺ󣬷Լʺϣˡ
ڤεô٣ֻҪһݣЩŪѡ
ڵȳɼʱڤλʮɵģ쵽µʱ׺۹ŸڤѾûˣֱӹˡ
ڤΡۿڤԺ˸
ڤд£ЦЦһΪǻһء
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տԣ֮ͬ϶кܶණҪģǾһЩʱ
ڤ׶Է˼ЦЦһʲô𣿲Ǿӣ
渵ڤûˣһǾԼе̫עĿˣȫĶ˿ƿ档
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˶٣ۼүүʮ٣ǼҪרġ
һ⻰ڤαˣЦЦԭүӵѽҿɵúú׼ˡ
û뵽үӽʮҪ죬ȷʵ
⻰۲ɵЦЦǸѽүүһرĵġ
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ˣڤҪԼҷɺͺһȥʱСȻ˵ģҲСһȥġ
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ڤЦЦУ֮ǰȥѰʱϷӣϷӰ4˿һ֮ǰĬдľӣ˵ûʲôġ
⻰ɵ˿Ϊ֮ҪõڤΣ˼һԷǷܹϣУǾ߾һȡ
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Ըڤε˽⣬Էһ㲻˵ջȻô˵ˣǿ϶ӵġ
׸ŸڤһȻȥˣðżﱸүʮٵ顣
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Ÿڤκ¼ҵĹϵܽѰ˺¼ҵĹϵҲҲ
¼Һżҵյ¼ҸԺ󣬻ʮ־ȵģΪǸΰͳӳһǰμʮٵġ
رǶάļ˵ͻȻһףΰż˵λǺܸߣżҵϴ֪ΰһҾȻյ¼Ҹ뺯ʮֵľȡ
ӽ£ҹܶ࣬żСھ㲻ʲôǾҪ뺯Ҳòġ
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ȻȥμүӵΪ˿϶ҪŵģȻǼҲرǮҲҪ׼ġ
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֪ԼҶӺ͸ڤε˽úżǺܵ͵ģ֪ڤκб£ҲûҪŶԷֻǵദ
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үӣεЦЦͷӦ£ŸԼ๫ͺ׼һÿ·ȥ¼ңҲᱻСˣҲúú׼һ²ſԡ
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˵ڤиˣͻȻЩĽ
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үЦЦû׼ӵֱڴ˼Ǻ«СһһɰǸ˵ġ
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үСԲ۲ģڤЦŶΰȤ
ӳѰͬصͷǰҲϴСˡ
ΰ˳ǣǸҲҰ⻰׹˵һ£
Ϊģڵ֮һ



107 107ߣ
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ζȷʵãֻ̫ˣڳĳ˺΢һЩ˶
үΪǣҲζ֮ǰԹĸ㶼Ҫϸ



108 108ϲ
ζǳڤ֮ǰѾ˺ö࣬ŹͷһƬ
Ϊڵ̫ˣѩ˲࣬Ըڤ׼һЩĶԭȴ󲿷ֶȵʱŻӪҵżһЩС죬Ӫҵ϶ǱȲѩʱ򣬺ڵԼģҲˣԸڤҲ⡣
һθڤδһЩ㣬Ȼĸͦģھǻһ޶ġ
ڤҲû򣬽¼Ұͷȥˣﳢһ㣬϶Եĺܶ࣬Ҳкܶ򵰸ġ
Ǽҵ̵ѾȥˣͲпˣ˵ȥƣ¼ҵ㵰ⲻÿܴ
֮ǰڤҲ˵Ԣ⣬ҵڹʱ϶Ҳ뵽⣬͸ˡ
¼ҳ˷ףүտ֣Ȼڤβ뿪
֮ǰ״Ÿڤȥ˿Ȼûϸģڤ֪ɼͿԳˣЩŵġ
ڼļˣȹʷȽ졣
󣬳ɼˣǰĹϡ
ڤκѰ׼Լһȥɼˡ
һǱȥ·кܶˣﶼ֪ῼɼˣ϶ܼ
ڤοһԵλѣЦЦôڳɼˣ𣿡
ʵǲôŵģôɼѾˣҲûõġ
ѰȻЦЦӣҿһ㶼ŵģǷˣ
ӳΰһۣҲЦЦţÿʲôʲôѾŬˣֻҪԼھͿˡ
ڤζǵ̬Ȼʮ޳ɵģЦ˵ȥһ°ɡ
ʱ˶ĹѾΧźܶˣ˼ˣģϣܹһ³ɼ
ڤεƾߣϵس漷ȥȵ棬ͿԿˡ
ȽһЩԺ󣬸ڤΰһûǵ֡ڤδͷβߣһ飬һ۾ͿѰΪѰ̫ͻ˵һ
ִϲѽϲŶаˣһͷ
֪ѰĳɼһܺãڤλǷǳΪԷ˵ģһǲ׵ѽ
֮ǰԷԵʱҲǵһԵʱڵһĻôԪѽ
οûԪڵˣһ׮ϲѽΪͷҲ϶״ԪѰģϾôõҪײҪ
ӰЦЦҲϲλѽҲˡ
ڤҲԼ֣ڵʮɼϲ£ڸڤ˵ʮġ
ӳʮΰ򿿺һ㣬ھʮǶ˵㹻ġϵһٶأҲǰˡ
رǳӳΰû뵽ԼȻһ֮ǰԭȶԼ֮ģû뵽Ȼôǰʮָˡ
˸ŵС˹Ҳʮֿģ˹ֵϲλү
ڤЦЦһӣߣȥúףһ
ѾˣܿͻŵǰȥϲѰǵһϲϼϲ
ڤαæǶȥˣĸ˿϶бϲģǵøϿؼҺúõ׼һ¡
һҪúõдһ£Ϊϲ׼ЩӸǡǽϢ߸ԼļˣǶһ¡
ڤδźӻȥԼθ߸ϣǡΪǳɼӣҲʮֽţԱûȥˡ
ѰҲǿҸĸҲʮֽţʳΪɴ͹ˣﶼ˵ĳɼء
ϣ˸ڤεĻʮֿģЦŵ๫̫ˣǿɵúúףһѽ
ҲЦŵ˵ͷСĺѽŶˣ칫ӣŹô
ڤЦЦҲ
Ȼ˵Ⱥ˵һ¡
ϣʵЦЦ칫ĺ
һԵʱԷǵһˣû뵽һǵһ
ڤͬص˵ͷѰʮִһˣȥͿԲμӻˣûȥȻĻ˵ͱһ꿼ϡ
ѰȥԼĳɼ˵һ£츸ĸ˼ˣԼҶγѽ
żҺͳ¼Ҳǣϲ
ǻؼңûжõʱŵıϲ˱ˡ
ϲ˽״ùŸڤεүϲϲѽǴϲѽ
ڤҲЦЦϲͬϲͬϲлүһˣЩϲǮźȾƣմմϲ
ϲҲûпЩϲÿһ궼ЩǮҲϰˡ
ȵϲ뿪ˣַھӿǱԭͦģһ˾˶ʮֵľȡ
סڸľͦǮģȻҲѧϰģԶڸڤοϾ˺е˻ѯһ˵ôϵء
ڸڤο˾£ҲǹҫһѽҸڤڻļҴ壬Ըڤ룬ϣһļҴ塣
·ݱϾǵˣһһ˵͸ϲϵԣͦڵġ˸ڤκϣԼѰһ£׼ԽԺͻȥ
ԻǱȣΪڻʹûУЩʲеĻ˵ᷢʧ
Ϊ˸õӦԵԣʱ︵ڤǶڼѧϰҪһϾҲҪдµİ
ڵ֮ǰҪúܶ࣬ѹûôˡ
ȵ·ݣ׼һ£׼ˡ
ѧǽ¡
ºλ棬ùѧʱѾ׼˴λãֻУԱߵĹﶼǿԽ˵ġ
ѧǾ»кԶľ룬ҵԼλãУʼˡ
ڤοǰĿˡЩĿѣڳ˴󲿷ֶǿġ
˴⣬濴һı£ֱһȦȻ뿪ˡ
ڤηģڱ뿪ʱ˿ѹЩˡ
ڳĹԱǿ뿪ˣƿǣഫСֽ
ĵһ
ǰӢѧԺģ˵ѧԺʱҲ
ңǰ˵ڤǻҪˡ
ڴĵĺúõʱͻȻˣֱԤˡ
鿴ڤǮı죬ɱˣ˲ţȻҪΪǮשߡ
һ⻰ǲˡ
Ҫǵص㲻ԣ׼
вУǹģ֮ǰЩһǵķ밡
ôõӣȻܷŹˡ
ԽԽֽϵ֣ˡ
¿ɴͿһʾһ£⻹ڹأѧǻڴ⣬ɱִˡ
һʱԺ󣬵Խˡ
ôˣ˵Ǽ򵥵ġΪѧ׼ϢĵطǵţȵɼˣͿ뿪ˡ
ɼˣҲζſԼˡ
˵ڶѧлǺڴġ
λѧ׼˲ٵĳʳ棬Ϣĵطеĳԣǲġ
ڤΣոձǲڰ
֮ǰԵʱΰȫ̶û̧ͷ˵֪˭ˡ
ڤοŶԷӣɵЦЦڵģֻ;ƺ뿪ˡ
ԷҲæһֱ￴ǵġ
ӳڲˮЦЦȵ󣬲°
˵ÿˣ벻ôƴƴˡ
ڤͬصͷǰˣѰ׼ͻļҴ壬Ҫһ𣿡
ǿ϶Ҫȥģʱ䣬һ¶Է
ѰЦŵͷðһȥ
ΰһˣȻ򣺡԰ҶҪˣ簡
ڿƿˣ϶Ҫİ
ǿɵúú׼һˡ
ӳ֪ӾǻȥĻ·ϻкܳľġ
ڤκѰЦӦ£ǿ϶׼ȫġ
ѧ棬ĴǿǰľӣҲɿȳһ
״Ԫۡ̽
棬ⶨΣֱӵˡ
¿ɴվһԣֵǡ
һѰڶǹӼһλҵĹӣȷʵʵѧһλò˰ѧӡ
֮ϣǶܹΪİǹԼһ
վ棬ˣЦ˵
˿ͷлű뿪ˡ
Ѱϲϲ
ڤοѰЦ˵
ոУѰ״Ԫɡ
ѰЦЦͬϲͬϲ
ﶼһϲ°
νˣڤں棬״Ԫɡۺ̽ǰ档
ֵΧ˺ܶˣܶССŻӹȥ
ϣ֪Ҫν֣Ҳ˸õطСԲš

СԲԼҵؽһ
ڤζԼұӵ̧ͷһŸ˻֡
ڳˣڤɼҵҲ٣ûгɼҵİ
׻˵úãϲʱһϲʮ꣬һ죬ջ
νֺ¹磬ڤζݵظԼҷɺͶ˵һԺ󣬱ֱȥμ¹ˡ
¹ϣҲμӵģһΣҪȷһҪȥʲôŵġ



109 109
ףȥһ¸ڤΣȥǻ
ŶҪڤΣ»ûøöԷȥһҪ棬Է˲Ű
׵ͷӦ£ǵʵһڤӦöԡ
ЦЦô˵ģһǺ£ҪǹгɼˣȥҪ
ô˲ţȻҪһˣҪǶԷûбֳʲôȤ¶öԷһ顣
Ϊһ֮ʱ仹Ǻܽģֻ¹¶˸棬ֱ뿪ˡ
ڳѧǶѧʶλ󳼸ɴÿʫټϻһЩͶСϷջǷǳġ
ϯҲƣмȣԵĺȵĶʮֵĿġ
ûע⵽ĵطҲһ¸ڤε֪ԷĿ󣬱ɿ뿪ˡ
ȵʱ򣬱µʥּˣÿ˶˲š
¹ĻǺܿĵģڤЩ΢ѡ
жˣڤ׼ͻȥһˣҲøļҴ˱ϲ
ҲܾûлȥһѣһλȥȻȥݷһ¡ѰҲҪȥģһһҲиӦ
ѰļҴ壬Է϶ҪؼҼ֮ĶҶԷڤΣԷҴˡ
ȥ㿪ʼ׼ˣڤҲǰۺ˵һʾԼҪһļҴ塣
׵Ҳ֪Ҫ֮ǰڵŸڤܹȡġڶԷܹҲǷǳõһˡ
ԭ͹ҪڤΣǱڤεöԷȥ¡
ڤλؼҺ󣬸ϣ˵һʱ䣬ѯһǵĿ˻ȥʱˡ
һҲǹҫ棬˹Ҳ½ˡ
رѰ״ԪҴ˵϶Ƿǳϲһ顣
Ҫү̺ķļ𣿡
СԲмһֱھ棬Ȼż˻Է˵һļҴ飬ԷСļҴʱûһ꣬ûмġ
ڤԷСԴЦЦǰļҴ壬㿴ķүүǲİҲม
ȻǺȥļҴ壬ļҴ壬ֺϣˣӦļҴˡ
СԲЩڴ۾ģļҴ𣿡
һԵСԼСֶӣɵЦЦģǰﳤġ
СѾʮһˣҲˣڿǸСһټ϶Էѧ䣬˿Ⱥ͸ܶ࣬һСӶҪһЩЩ
СһֱԼ󽫾ĿŬڤκϣҲ֪Էѡ񣬶ʮֵ޳ɡ
䣬ֻҪСԼϲͿˡ
ʰиѴĶء
Ѱˡ
ȵʱȥѰ档
ҵҲ׼Ķڤˣذһأֱӻȥˡ
ڤǴӵ˵ģҲǴʲô˶û
ѰѾǾүˣ˻Ҵ壬Ҳ˸˵ʲôġ
һʰԺ󣬱ֱӳˮķȥˡ
СԲϣˣٿķ羰ɵЦЦķҪòſԵ
СԲһγԶţȻǻصԼļ磬Ƕ˵ЩİģСӵԣȥ棬ǻܿĵġ
Ҫ°ɡ
ڤͷЦЦҪСԲĵĻߣҪģͶ飬дд֡
һСԲרıīֽⶼǴŵģҪǶԷģԶء
һ⻰СԲҡͷһԵСĲģо˾ڣСԲŲĵġ
ŲҪдأСֺ۵ġ
ŶԷӣڤβɵЦЦĿϣȥһ·ķ羰ҲǷǳģҲԿһ
С֮ǰʱ򣬹ڻǵãԿ϶ģСԲһԷһγԶţӣԷһʮֺġ
Сͬصͷǰ˵ĶԣСԲԿһķ羰֮ǰǵʱ㻹һ꣬ǲ·ʲôġ
ǼǵõģСԲ϶ǲеġ
СԲԼСգգ۾Ǿ˾ˣСʱһȥǣǲһ·ʮֵĹɰ
СԲԼԼʮֹɵģԼҵķ϶Ҳôõġ
һ⻰ڤκϣһۣɵЦЦ
ڤԷཱུС˰տʼʱ򻹲ûþҪȥҺķû취ֻܸһʱͣȥһȦ
ǻůͣȻĻĲС
СԲ⻰˼סԼʱ˼һСϲ鰡
Ҳϲ棬һֱϣ˵ܲˣڶºܶ˰֪Ϊ˸·ģ϶ҲԹϵĴŵġ
СԲ󲿷ֵʱ仹Ǻܹɵģʱ׼˺ܶߡ
ԼҶӣϣЦ˵
һλȥڤǸ׼˺ܶ
СͬصͷǰСԲʱ򰡣׼˺öأ͵·ġ
ǾļҴȷʵЩԶˣһ·ϸտʼʱܻЩʣǵȵһʱ䣬ͻЩˡ
СԲԼķ͵һ£ллһθ׼أ
ѽԼҵ϶л׼µߣ֮ǰڤҲ͸¶ģ׼һߡ
СҲԷ֮ǰ˵ĻˣҲ˵԰֮ǰ˵׼һأ
Ǹ׼·ĵʱġ
ŸոأﻹЩȤҪھóˣȵ·;мʱӿ϶ĵġ
һ⻰ССԲһۣһһóɣСԲ뿴һ
Լҵûʧÿһ׼Ķرġ
ǰھЩˡ
СҲͬصͷŸڤ˵
ڤüͷһһ˵ˣ;ʱ򣬲ˣҪ
Ҫ;ִĻ϶˷ʱġ
ȻǲżϻļҴ壬·ϵҲǲõġ
ãһ᲻ڵġ
СԲͷһڴؿԼҵ
ڤεҡҡͷԼ׼õĶó
һһ
ڤν׼õħóϣҲеġ
׼˲٣רľƵĲϣĻ棬ҲỳԴ
ʲô
СûмһЩɻ
ЩСɵĶҪô氡
ڤνģùɢŪңЦǿҵĶ
˵ͷֻڤβϵתС飬ȻͬһɫСŪһ棬ɵ¶˾ȵ档
ϣҲת˼£๫ʲôְ˼
ҲǵһμôĶ˵ͦ˼ġ
ڤЦЦģ£ͬһɫһ棬涼ǿԵġ
ʱһʱرϲħäšǲģֻǶʱԺûжȤˡ
ΪһλȥļҴ壬ڤصλϵͳľħĻҲҲܸһЩĶ
СԲŬţСЩתţôҲûа취ɫͬŪһ档
ۣ̽ҡ
СԲŸڤηɿľͰͬһɫĹˣе
ڤһЦ飬ȻҪԼҪǵˣ֪ôŪˣǻʲô˼
СҲͬصͷСԲһԣ˵ܿͳɹˡ
Ǹոʲôƺ˷ܰ
ѰڤԱߣ
ڤƿӣЦЦħݸԷԿҸС׼ߣҲ档
ѰǰɫĶЩ棬Ÿڤʾһߣˡ
˵ⶫͦȤġ
ѰҲŪ˼£ž档
ڤЦЦ˼ȥ廹С档
ָҲ˼ⶫĵʱȷʵʱġ
ħжûóڻʱǸĶҪȵ;ĵʱó
ȻǸҪԵľǴˣСҲ棬ϾһֱĺģڤԼʮֵĿοء
ħڣ˴ʱĶҲ;ôˡ
ǻȥ֮ǰڤεѾдŻؼˣż϶ǿһЩƴյԺڤǲͿԵˮˡ
ڸڤοƿˣʣľǵž·ݵʱȥˡ
ڽʱ棬ڤҲҪƶһƻҪ飬ȵκͲԵæҵˡ
˵ҡҡλεģ첻ڹٵϡ
ŵĸڤε˵İȫص˰ﱣڤΣϾһˣвٵҪﰡ
¶࣬ѾЩˣȻȽͨ磬ʱǻȵЩܣڤαÿһЩ飬ֻʱãҲĻͻһЩˡ
ħĴڣ˵ע⣬տʼʱﶼô棬ˣСԲҲܺܿСָֻһһģһġ
ȵһ·̵ʱ򣬴ҲЩƣˣڤνԼ׼ֽ˳
ֽǹģֻҵõġ
ڤΣⶫô氡
ѰǰֽƣЩ档
ڤЦЦ󽫹һ£ڳĴǶͦ˸ڤεĻտʼЩ費ϤǴȦԺ󣬾ͺܿˡ
жˣǺǻûа
СҲֽģڤνСôСè㣬ôֽƴôֽä£һʱ֮䣬Щ
һ·ϣ˲ʮ죬صˮ
겻ˮҲ仯ܴ󰡡
ѰϤЩİˮ򣬸пǧ
뿪ҴȥǣѾкܾûлˣҺһǻ½磬ȻĶûصԼļ簡
ڤҲվһԣͬصͷһ˼Ǻ«һһ
ѰűǺ«ͻȻЩڤΣҺʶˣЩ꣬ǶҰ
ҪΪԵʱʶͲкôˡ
˵ѰлʶϷӣϷΪʦȥǣûиڤεĻһп϶ǲеġ
ڤοŶԷӣɵЦЦļ򣺡ҪĸлĻպҶӵĽͽ̸˰
СһﻹͦڵģѰ״Ԫƽûٸΰӳ˲ϰҪжԷ֣ɾɶ˰
Ѱһ⻰֪Է˼ˣɵЦЦ㲻ԼԽ̣
ΪڤεĺѣѰһֱöԷдǻ۵ˡ
ڤЦЦأƵȵκһǳǳæ
Ѿڹʲôˣ
Ѱһۣʵ
֮ǰ¹ϣʶԷʱҲڵģʥּøڤȥʱѰˡ
Ƶ֮ǰ֪ڤεģһ븵ڤ֮ǰ׵𿻵ȶѰˡ
˲ţҲһ뷽跨£ġ
ڤЦŵͷдˣȵصļҴ壬ԺҾͿдƻˡ
ҪĶ޷ǼԴ֪ʶټλϵͳĴڣԲ˷ѵģôſ԰ϰյһһãôԼĹãﶼ׵ġ
ѰЦŵͷˮһЩԻصԼĴ档
ļҴҴͬһ򣬵ǱϾ䣬ǲһġ
ȵڤǵҡҡڰڵؽļҴļҴ˶ˡ
ǣǲСǻ
ҵģ˰
ƣҵĹԹ԰öӰ
ϣǿСС
ڤǻ飬ܿļҴһˡ
ôҲû뵽ڤȥ˾Ǻ󣬾Ȼ궼ûл
ַӵȻҲ֪ڤҪϢҪǣǶԷμӻԵʱʱеҪ֪Էô
겻ַӵ廹һ׳ڤδɵЦЦڤΣ겻ǿ˰
ڤοַӣ˸ѧ񣺡ӣһˣѧҲʹ
˵ʵڽ̹ڤôķУַǸӰģϾտʼɾǶԷ̵İ
ַһ⻰֪ԷˣĿˣ
ԭҪЩŵģû뵽ڤͨ˻ԣΪһˡ
û뵽̳ѧпϾ˵ģһӽ鰡
ڤЦŵͷԼ״йȫóַһơ
ãðַϸϸؿ飬ĸڤεļ򣬵Ȼ˹٣ǾͺúøɣһԵġ
ͳŶԷַӾ֪Էʺڹš
˵ĵصַӵļ⣬ڲԶ˿ַô˵ӣԼʲôˣɵøӾˡ
峤֮ǰյ˸ڤεţԷҲ˼ˣ˾ͺã˾ͺãСŶӦóΪˡ
֮ǰյڤεʱ򣬶Ҫˣû뵽ļҴ徹ȻһٵģǼֱϲ°



110 110
ڤθһᣬͻصլˡլ滹ʮֵĸɾڤ뿪ǰԿ׸ĴҰжԷżɨһȻɨһˣǻǽȫһ顣
磬ĶԸɡǽϵĶȫڷ棬ǽ࣬ʰĲˡ
ǻ˶ݷˡڤκϣҲʼдˡ
ŸڤοƿˣļҴһЩָߵ̫үΡΡعˡ
Сַ˵һο˾ˣ
ߵ̫үԼӵ֣˵
ڤЦŵ˵ͷԷ˱ˮǵģ̫үһο˾ˡ
Ȼڤǰ·ģԷĻļҴѽķɻļҴС벻ļҴ
֪Է˾ˣˣڤǴļҴ濼ȥģܲǲǸء
峤⻰ҲʮֵĸˣҾ֪СǸбµģȻ˾ˣڻ˹٣ԺǸˣǴɳһ˲˰
ܸڤǷģطǴļҴȥģļҴҲһ˰
ڤοŴ˵ӣҲЦЦɽϺ񰮣һұ˹ȻֻһССƷ٣Ҳ㲻ǨĿԣһλΪ˸ߴϢ
˶٣ڤμҵĻļҴ壬ϣϣҲļҴˣһҲ½硣صؽ˵黹ϵʥּˣҪǴԸĻһ뽫ļҴ档
һ⻰ﶼˣļҴ̫ˡ
ܾ֮ǰʥּͰļҴڻءµˣ̫ˡ
峤ŸڤΣлл㰡С
ڤЦЦֱóƱͬʱҪһǧǴ޽˽ӣǴĺǶԶˡ
һǧӶļҴ˵Ƿǳǳģ˽ӲֻҪʣµİ˰Ϳӣи׼īֽЩ
ڤξһǧļҴǷǳõ飬ȻڤóһǧҲô̰ˣһԷ⻰峤ҲԸһЩӳĺǶ顣
˭Һûиѽ϶õõ˽ӡڤЦЦô峤Ƿǳȼ֮ģǮ峤ԼţļҴĺѽҲһҪúѧϰھʶ˺ܶ࣬ĺҪ
⻰ʮֵ޳ɣŻȥһҪúŬѧϰ
ڸһȻֱ뿪ˡ
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峤ĴַǵĶڤλһݣ׼ȥһˣͲġ
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ڤŶԷЦɵЦЦ§ŶԷİɣʱ˾ͿԻǵĸء
ȻļҴ;еԶǽ¸ڤҪԷǳõ֮ʱ䡣
һ˯ˣһ·϶סģ·ϵվ࣬ôҲûԼ
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Ҫ緹ˣܲܽԷߣǳŷöԷһ˿ŰɣǶ಻ð
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⣬ΪڸڤκϣųСԲϷӡ¼ҵˣСԲСûܹʲôʲôóԵûԹ˴ĶˣǶûҪ
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ĸ˸ڤεĻһǰһθȥǰɣвٻƣǿ϶ҵġ
ΪҵŮĸҲԼңڸڤҲˣðˡ
ǶԸڤε˽⣬ԷԲſڿӣǿ϶дˡ



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ڤθô˵ҲΪƻе飬ҴҲǿģ˸һȥǵĻţǮ
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һԵϣҲͣصͷѣүǾ͸һȥǰɣ˽ӺãΪ˼ӣҲһ¡
ҪȥǣҪһֱﲻĻǿ϶ֵúܾòſԼ棬׻˵úãײ֪һϣܹԼҵߵġ
һԼļӣү룬ʱһ룬ʲôʱؾǰ
ò˵˵ĻүӻǷˡ˵öԣѧĻ϶ûоǺõģͬүҲҪȥǵĻڵ϶ǲģ϶ҪŮŮһҽӼõġ
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ҴĻܵ϶ûоǺõģ˵ȵһҶ뿪ԺүӺ̫̫һ𣬼һ顣
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ֻҲʧ㣬ȻļҴ廹ôһ˼ڡ֮ǰ̫ˣҪȺ˲Qˡ



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ԷʶĻֻȥˣԷ϶ʶġ
Ͼ˾Ǳ°ͳ֮ǰܹķ֮ǰҩ飬ڤξ֪һΪյĺûϡ
˵ҩڤβôˣ֮ǰ׵ҩҲһЩˡ
תۣһ¹ԱҪȥεʱˡ
Ҫѵģ·Ȼǹģǹڵ¾ֺĵһģȻˣǮҪģǮĻԻֱӸˣûǮĻҲǿ˵ġ
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ѰϷʣֿǫ˰
˳඼ܺÿڤθƫڿʵģѰƫĿиķɡ
ڤڹѰں֡
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ڤںѰһͬȴȥͬķ
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ڤЦŵͷǡ
С˸˵صͷˣڵء
Էе˾ǹ᯴ˣԷ֮ǰ֪˸ڤεķṦΰڸڤοԺ󣬾ֱӺ鿪ʼˡ
ôõ˲ţôȥأ̫û˲ˣֻǵĹſöԷⷢȵġ
ڤЦӦ£ŶԷȥˡ
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᯴ˣһ뷨
ڤνԼĶùм뷨ԾŪһ
Ȼ˹ȻҪúøȥģڼ˼顣
һˮ·ǻӡˢֽˮ
ЩǱȽϺŪãʲôըҩЩûǲҪŪúãǵȵһҪŪˣŻŪҪ򲻵ѣණŪ
᯴һ⻰ùֽϸϸؿ˿ݡ
ڤΰÿһҪ鶼дʲôôҲдһ׵ģ᯴˿һֱİ壺һһŪһ𡣡
ЩǺöóȥһǷǳ˵İ
û뵽ڵ˰˲žӦ
ڤοŶԷô˵ӣҲЦЦָˮͼֽ᯴ˣҪǿԺͻ˺
ˮ·ǲ̸طصʱ䣬ҪǣҲһʲƵ밡



113 113ƻ
һ⻰һԵ᯴˺λ󳼶ؿڤΣЦҪˮ࣬ΪʲôҪ˺ֱӴӻ뾭ѲͿ𣿡
ڤЦЦλˣˮʮֵļᶨ·Ĺٵȫˮ·ôط֮ؾˣͬʱҲһЩ⡣
ٵǸõģȻˣǿ϶ҪİȻĻǲܰװ׻Ǯ
ڤֻǴ˵һ£᯴˿ڤΣЦЦСʱ䲻飬Щ뷨ȫдŪһ飬ҳʸ¿һ
Ȼ᯴˲ⶫ׻ô棬иоúõĻһһ飬ҳŸڤ˵ƺԳʵ⣬Ǽֱһ鰡
ڤЦӦ£Ѿһŵ뷨ֻҪдһݼƻ飬ȻͿˡ
ļλҲԸڤ˵ĶʮֵĸȤڻʱûߣȵڤдǿҲ֪ˡ
ڤڹϰˣΪ᯴˵ԹҲǲҪڤȥܣֻҪԷ֮ǰ˵ŪǾǽĴҵ֮һġ
ڤѾһǳļƻˣڹԵ緹˵ʵڤξһ㡣
룬ڤξһԼӼʳտǷǳģ˵ڣǸģôܸһء
ڹһ죬ڤζдƻ飬һʱ䣬Ҳ㹻еĶŪˡ
õڶ糯뿪ǰڤνķݲϵݸ᯴ˣ᯴ˣȿѾ֮ǰе뷨дˡ
ֻʱģǱȽеģͳˮ·˵Իøط֮ľСģҲ顣
Ȼˣˮ·ǱȽϷϵģѾϻҲģҲĻ㡣
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Ҳûоܾ׷׳һЩɵ˴Ĵָ
ķζԣȴЩǸڤεĲ˻ȵģҲˣζҲλ˵ǳĺóԡ



114 114ˮˮ
λǶ˳ڤεķˣòҲûг̫࣬ϾǸڤεķˡ
ҪǳԺ󣬸ڤοܾҪˣȻ׼ͦģڤһҲԲ꣬ԻǷǳдλˣһһЩ
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ⶫ̫ˣʵеĻ԰նǳĺá
ˣȥ飬飬ةٽ
¶һԵĹ˵Ҽλ̣ⶫһ˾ͿԾˡ
֮ǰ³Ժ󣬱±鷿˺ܾãԽԽȣԽԽϲ
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һ飬Ҳ֪Էͷʮִƾ֮ǺǮ齻Էǿ϶ûġ
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֮ǰڤθҩЩǷǳֵǮģǱ²ûǰ͸¶ԴҲ֪Ϊĸ͵ҽʥ֡ҲڵһʵĻᣬ߸ˣһһʹͣ˵ԷͿء
ڤǸ˲ţµȻʲô֮ģֻҪйǿ϶ǰչΣȻöԷԶһССƷ٣õ˲Ųòء
λǵͷӦˣȻ뿪Ժ㻥һ½Ҫʲô顣
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ǼһԷҲǳյġ
ڤЦЦǫ˼䡣
Ա󣬱һˮԱߡ
ˮࣿ鿴ǰ౵飬ʵ
ڤЦŵͷֻҪȼ죬ȵȫԺſԿá
ſſģֻһ״ѣҪǰȥ߲ȥˣһӡ
ԱŪڵĶڤλĵ˻ΪһŪһŪء
᯴Ҳ˼Ժ󣬻ýӲһЩ
ڤεͷģԺʮֵĽʵ
ûɿɶȵԺ󣬿ĽŵһʱͿôֱ׵ĸоˮĽʵˡ



115 115ͱ
λȻص˵ͷȻڻڴɵĽ׶Σǻǵõȼİ
ڤθһᣬȵ뿪Ժ󣬱ֱȥˮǱ߿һˣˮˣҪȵԺ֪ԸڤαֱӴŹȥ˸ˮĵط֮ǰҲ˵ˮãֻ֮ǰһֱŪˮ࣬ҲûôлˣȻǲܾİ
ڤδȥˮڹŪŪˮҪľһ涼Ƚó
ˣ˰λڤδԼͬˣ˸
ڤЦЦˮѾŪˣҪһʱ䴵ɣԾˮˣŪô˰
ʵҲ̫żҲû飬͹ơһ⻰ǲɵЦЦҲ깤ˡ
Ѿβ׶ˣȵȫԺ󣬾ͲԲһ¿ڤȻص˵ͷû£Ǿǹһ
ڽоͿˣȰǰڹˣźһЩʱ棬ڤξŵͼʼ滮·ˣ󲿷ָʿ϶ǴӹٵʼٵϾͨصҪ·
ܴ󣬽ĹҲ٣̵Ĵڣ֮ǰŲȶҲǴ׬һʡ
ļƻһ飬ڤˣʱˮҲˣֱӹȥơˮˮ⼸층ڤҲ˸ˮģһĻҲѿ
ˡΧˮţ֮ǰˮǺںģǻͻͻģǲ֪Ƿʵ
ڤӦһ߹ȥһ£ˮѾɵĲˡãߣڤηˮ໹Ƿǳʵġ
鷳ȥ᯴һ¡ڤվһԣˮѾˣһԵ˵
Ӧ£ֱȥ᯴ǹ
᯴֪ˮԺˡСˮѾˣ᯴ΧΧǰĶ˵
ڤЦŵͷǵģˣѾ͵ˮˣһҪæ
һ⻰᯴˲ɵЦЦ֪Ҫʲô
ѵʲôﵽˮ
ڤЦЦˮĽʵȣõһԣ²ϤʹԻҪæ
ǶԹǺ˽⣬ǶĹ٣ûģֻ˲У᯴˺ôǹ飬Էǿġ
һ⻰᯴Ȼص˵ͷЦЦû⣬ͽҰɡ
ԼӴԼȥ˹ȵӽҵԺ󣬾ֱӴŶԷˡ
ȵԷԺ󣬸ڤοŶԷЦЦ鷳λСֵ嵶һ
Щ棬ǰնԷķԸȥôˣ嵶϶ǼõģȻû뵽ﶼû뵽嵶ڿȥԺ󣬾Ȼûˮһ㣬嵶Щˡ
ǺҲ̫ʵˡһ㶣ŵ˵ǹ嵶һһĺá
״᯴ҲЩȣʲôСⶫɷǽ
ǽĻǱ߽ǽҲõϰڤЦЦˣǿǽġ
ò˵᯴ǴϻۼˣȻ뵽ǽŪˮ࣬ǣڤ֮ǰҲ뵽ģԶԷ˵ǿԵġ
᯴˼úúúϼһ¡СȻˣǾͰļƻаɡȻⶫѾˣǾͿ԰ռƻˡ
ڤЦӦ£õģˣһᰴռƻġ
ˮѾǽͿŪˡȻҪ·ǿ϶һЩǮİڹ˵ǮҲǺܶ࣬Ըڤλ뷨ŪǮ
鷳ͨһ¹ڤΣ´ˡȥ˻󣬸ڤͨһӦ£Ȼûþ븵ڤνȥˡ
ڤνȥԺ󣬾ֱȥ飬鿴ڤԺЦЦʲô𣿡
ڶԷӦæˮ˰ɣôпء
ڤιֵ飬ˮѾŪˣҲܽʵһ·顣
һ٣ԷǮ飿
ڤεͷһصĻ⣺ˣǹ棬ǲкܶ䱦
ȷʵУôôʣ
鿴Щɻʵ
ڤЦЦˣôģȻЩҲûʲôãóȥأ˵¶õģһܶǮ
ˮ·ǮͲҪӹˣһܴ˵õһЩǮ
Щ˵ʲôһմʥϣǶֵǮġЩҲ䱦ȥҲ
˶ԷĻЩɵģŶɲǻİǱµģ»ǵѯһ±²ſԵİ
鿴ڤΣҴȥұ°ɡ
ڤһ㶣ֱӵͷˡݸ壬ҪǱ²ͬĻô˵Է
ȵŸڤȥ˱º󣬱ҲڴۣˣЩȵġ
´ˣˣ롣
˽ȥͨûһᣬйǽȥˡ
ڤνȥ󣬸˸񣬱̧̧´˺͸˿£
ͷڤΣ˵ϵ飬ͽˡ
ڤǰһ񣺡ˮѾԹˣԽˮ·ˡˮ·ҪķһǮԳи뷨
ζؿʲô뷨
Ūˮ·ҪܶǮ֪ģѲɶԷʲôŪǮ
ڤЦЦи뷨дһ֣ȻóһЩ÷ƿȶֻҪմһˡ֮ǰÿֻһĻͨ·ѣǮ·ˡ
׻˵úãҪ··ĺҪ·ˣھһƬ棬ֵΪһ羰·ˣΧǮ˿϶Ҳġ
⻰¶ЩĬˣԷ˲Ŷˡ
ò˵ԷĻЩĶģǮЩóȥҲû٣ĻǾһʲƵ롣һᣬ»ͬˣڤεãǾͰ˵޵ֻ飬ҪЭһ
ȷʵǷǳģڤһ˿϶æġ
ڤһ⻰ЦЦԵĻ鷳˰һ¾Ϳˣ֮ǰҲҪƣ˽һдһЩǮǰǡ
ʱ϶ûа취ˣ֮ǰˣǰЩǷˣҲǱƸ۵̬ˣ²ͬĻһҲĥһĥԷöԷͬġ
Уͽȥɡ
Цŵͷ⻧˻ǲٵģĸ˻ҪԼȥѡ϶һһĺ֣жԷڤεĻܹﵽһ֮Ч
Ӧ£ǡ
»ӻ뿪ˣܹ˵һҪǸڤҪĶֱû˿ͿˣǵԼ֮ǰдٵīأĻҲǲġ
֮ǰȻ˵Ҳԥһ£ջͬˡ
ĺ飬ЩƯƿӡȻҲϰǲ֪ǿеԼõʵ档
һٵˮ·Ҳݸ֮ĻҲܽôһ£˵ܰϰǮء
ȵȥ鿴һԵĸڤЦЦȻ´Ӧˣͽ׼ɡ
Ǯſˮ·ٵʵа
ڤЦӦ£õģʱѾȷˣ¸µʮ壬ʮʱ䣬㹻ЩǸϹˡ
ʱ϶㹻ģȵɹ󣬾ͿԽˮ·ˡ
ЦӦ£ãҪ˵ʱ͸˵һ𡣡
ڤεͷãҪĻҾֱӸ˵ʱӦǲżġ
ȻˮõȵԺԸڤʱͰѾˮ档
ǵĲиŬڽˮˡ
ˣƣ𣿡
ǽڤ˹ָŲԶˮŶԷ˵
ڵСģˮǸڤһ£ˮˮȷʵǿģɵЦЦûʲôġ
λϵͳͼֽˮȥ˸ֱ׶ˣȫԸϰʹá
֮ǰҲһ£ΣˮƱȽӿ£ǲҪģˮĻǿ϶Ҫȵġ
֮ǰҲǾ෬ԵģҪûгɹĻҲŸڤιˡ
ڤһ⻰ɵЦЦλȻⷽ˲Ű֮ǰû뵽
֮ǰһЩˮƱȽӿĵطˣЩطȫǲҪˮģˮƾֱӿ԰ˮζ
ŲԶˮڤεϵȥ᯴ˣԵĻ콫ˮʵȥ
ͻһЩˣǰŪãǸˮ·ҲģǰץʱŪŹŴҲвٵͶȻ˵ǷۣڤοɲôʵҪľϣЩϰͨһεõһЩǰ
λӦ£ڤαֱȥ᯴ˡ
ˣˮѾˣҪҪȥһ£
ڤֱӽȥ᯴ˣҾſǰЩˮʵʩȥĻϰҲһЩࡣ
ˮʮֵıԷǽˮҶδׯڶǷǳõġ
ˮˣ᯴Щ죬ŶԷȥ˿
ȵǽˮʹ÷ʾһ飬᯴˲ɵЦЦˣ»㱨
Ȼȵȥݼˣˮ˵һ£µȥʵʩ飬ڴͬʱùʹ͹
ȻǸڤģЩ鶼ǹһα¸ÿʹʮӣҲһ⡣
Ƕʮֵļû뵽»ڹ飬ĺˣû뵽ʰ
ʱǶˣЩȥЪϢɡ
᯴˿ŸڤǣЦ˵
ȻЩŪˣǽֻʵˣҲ˿
ڤЦЦûƴǣֱ֣ӻؼˡ
ʱڹرæģʱûа취һԼķɺͺӣ˿ԺúϢ죬ȻҪúڼһ˰
ڤεҵʱϣСԲʮֵĿġ
ˣ๫¹ˣֻûڣ˷ڼ棬ҷ鷿ˡ
ϣԼ๫Ц˵
ڤЦŵͷӦ£ŶԷЩǸ⣺ʱٳּˡ
һֱæŹ飬дСС鶼ϣԷˡ
ϣԼ๫ĻǣЦҡҡͷ۵ģǣһҲʲô顣
Ȼһڼ棬СԲҲʼˣڣƽҲͿ飬дд֣ʮɵġ



116 116۵ɻ
ڤ§ŶԷЦЦԼҷһᣬСԲݸϣֱȥ鷿￴һ۸ŷˡ
۴һ󣬾ͷһ飬ϾǾĴˣȻյ˸ڤεģȻ˵ĺǻһ¾ʲô
·϶ǺһЩģǶڹٵط·ʱôõģˮ·϶ǷǳҪŪġ
ڸڤ֪ŵˣڻʱҲϢֱȥ¼ҶԷͿˡ
ҲµڤʲôˣҲΪ飬ԷǾòע⣬ȻĻҲǲġ
๫ԳԷ˰
ϣСԲŸڤЦ˵
ڤεͷ鷿õģˡ
һ˳СԲԺִִ
ڶ죬ڤγԹ緹ֱȥˣڸڤҲС٣Һ¼ҵĹϵҲǳĺãŷڤԺЦӭŶԷȥ
ڤЦŵ˵ͷۿڼУ
ȻԷ飬ȻҲԷ˵һ˵ġȻˣҲʲôҲ˵һ˵ġ
ŷЦӦ£үߣүڼС
ʵ֮ǰ͸ŷ˵ˣҪǸڤˣֱӴԷȥͿˡ
ڤθŷĺ棬ֱȥˡ
ڤΣ˰
ˣڤԺӭȥˡ
ڤЦ߹ȥŶԷڴ̣ͻȻԼ֮ǰʲôˡ
ȻǹŴǳõһ˵ĹߣǶڲ˵˵ǷǳѵģֻǷǳ򵥵ģǱҪܶġ
ڤΣ֮ǰҵǸҪʹĶ˵ͬ·һ
۸˱ˮʵ
ڤЦЦȻһģӦûύôҲҪȥЩ
¼˵ʹ͵ĶӦͦģԷǲҪⷽĶģôԷҪӦҲ·Ǹˡ
۾⻰ɵЦЦ⵱Ȼˣҿ֪ģĺ֣ⶫԺǷǳõģôҪҪ˵һ˵
ڤο˶Էһۣ⻹Ĳܸ˵עˣϾĶĸ̣ǵǮǳģԵĻҾһ·дʰһ¾Ǳߡ
Ūһ͵һһԺֵɣĻһЩĸиݸЩǮ˰ǿȥһ䣬һġϰҲܿһϾŪЩҲܶҪǮġ
ǶλǷǳпüֵģһξǲģҾЩĵĻ϶ͨҵЩ·ΡϾҳ۵Ķͦģ˵ǶαȽмֵġ
ˣڤλؿٵڹٵǳխʺԵĻŪһ㣬ϰ˵Ƿǳġ
⻰ĶãҾ¾һ·ǳ͢ʰһεطĴ㣬Ҿ׬ѽ
֪ڤǷǳõģȻԷ㣬ҶԷǹģϵ˵ڹͻ˿ɶڤεģЩǶĦȭƵϣܹڤȥ湤
ڤЦŵ˵ͷ׼һЩǮϿ϶кܶĸ̣ҪǮʱ˵ҿԽһ㡣
ڤҲǮѽҪʵڲĻҲԽһ㣬ϾǶѡд㿪һ¾ʱøһб¶ιɣ׬⡣
ЦŵͷǾлˣҺһ£Ҫǲģҿ϶ǲġ
ڤθһ죬ȻָŲԶ̵ģƽʱ˶𣿡
۵˵ͷԵʵǰôˣʲô𣿡
ڤЦЦбīֽɣһ£ȸдھҪһЩ˵Ƿǳġ
ڤξֽϽֻг˷ھдˣ֮ǰֻǽ̸СԲСȴˣѧڿ˵ȷ滹Ƿǳõġ
ۺվԱߣŶԷдһֵַ±֮ɫˡ
ۣȸѧһ顣ۺôҲǴҵӣ鷽ȫûģԸڤδȽ̶Էһ£ٸԷһ£ȻˣΪԷһǰѷֵһдһԣĻҲ֪Щ˼Ҳ÷İ
ЩɣڤΣһҪѧ𣿡
˻ͦõİѾȥԺɵĽ׶ˣͿˣ
ŶԷ֮⣬ڤ΢ЦۣҵģѧֻкôûлԺͿЩǴôˣǱҪܺöİ
ŶԷӣ۾֪Լ㲻ȥˣһԣŶԷѧϰЩ֡
ȵڤν̻˶Է֣ѳ˷ھ˶Է棺ǵñˣȵʱһģȵ㱳ˣҿԽӼ˳֮ǰѧһѧĺܿġ
Է򵥵ļӼ˳϶ûİҪ̵Ŀ϶΢һЩģҪǣʱ˻ǷǳģȻҲǲ϶ûð
ŸڤεӣۻľܾˣֱӵͷʾԼһúðЩġ
ڤ¼ûдãԭү֪ڤˣԷڼԷأǵȥʱ򣬸ڤѾ뿪¼һʱˡ
ڤλȥ󣬽СԲС˹Ҫһ˳˷ھͼӼ˳ѧôˣССԲ֮ǰ͸ŸڤһѧЩ˵ǸϲЩġ
ڸڤ뿪¼Ժ˵۾ȻѧϰЩ棬ֱȥ˶ԷԺӣڱʲôһһһþŵĳ˷ھʱЩġ
ۣ㱳ʲô
ؿۣԵʵԷѧϰ϶ͨĿĿ֮ǰû˵
ڿԺͣˣĶ˹ȥڤν̸ҵģر죬ڽʲôӼ˳
Լҵ֮ǰڤ˵˵һ¡
鿴һ۶Էĳ˷ھһԣ˶٣ȻСʱд㿪һطģǱߵ·ξͿˣСľͷԻǷǳġ
ҲøڤھһǷǳģǮһԷǿϧˡ
ЦŵͷӦ£ãҪǵȵһ죬ҾǱߵ·ΣˣǱµīЩҪ𣿡
Ͼ¶жҪˣΪӣǲҲӦӦӦȥһء
⻰鲻ɵЦЦõģ̧̧ۻǿԵģȻһܹĵҲζˣҪΪǼʹ͵ĶУǶ˵µıǿɶռ˻ʼҵŵģ϶һġ
⻰ˣֱӵõģ֪Ҹôˡ
ͷĳ˷ھ˶ԷȻС˵ãǿ϶ǷǳģúѧǧҪСʧ
ԼҶӣȻиڤôõڣҲɵɵˡ
ЦӦ£õģ֪ˣһŬġҪĶã׻ռ˱˵ģҲǸڤΪãȻ᲻Ǻôġ
ʱڼĸڤγһССԲѧôҲ΢һЩ
ڤҪģǵĵѾ׼ĲˣˮѾˣԸڤλǷĺܶࡣ
ỹûпʼڤֱӽӡˢֽķ߸˹ϣܹرǻӡˢ΢һЩģֽ΢һ㣬Ҫϸϸȥһ¡
ڹĹǷǳģǶڸڤεһЩ뷨ǳϿɣرߣҶһ취Բʲô飬šһɾ
֮ǰˮѾˣʹõǾϰգ֪ˮԺרһ£Ŀˮ˼ˣ̧ˮһǳ۵һ飬ˮԺ󣬷̫ˡ
ϰǷǳŻʹķ¿˿ͷлլʺ磬ڤθȥ˹棬ѡһЩ治кܶ׻ӣкֻܶƿӡƯ磬ܶı
ˣ׼ʮҲͲˡ
ڤοĶһԵ˵
ͷڤΣСһб˽ӡľǱֻ
֮ǰڤ˵ҪĶһ棬һҪһǱдĻ߻ģЩ̵ע⣬ҲǶĻǮ
ڤЦӦ£ϸϸؿ˿һֻֻԻΪһűµʫ˵ǼֺͻΪһˡ
ֻƿӡȶڤζһЩ˲һʱ䣬ڤα㽫еĶóˣһԵĻԱЩǼڲᣬʾѾȥˡ
ͷλЩ̧ȥ͡
ڤζһԵĽ֣Ц˵
һĵص㣬ھĿջͣ͵¥ĵص㣬ҲǸڤרҵģҿջǱ£ڹ˽Ӧġ
ŵǽ죬Է֪λܱϲεĸڤˣȻڶԷһƷС٣ǰ;δڣȻڼˡ
鿴ŸڤЦЦȥ͵
ǶҪٷĻſЩΰ
ڽ̧Ӷȥ͵ʱ򣬾˿ǣ˺һЩϾϰյĻǺЩٵġ
ͣº͵ϰˣ֪йҪˣĻǱµĶؾͰѵط׼ˡ
λˣ˰¥Ѿȫʰˡ
ƹĳŸڤ˸˵
ڤεͷһԵˣ鷳λЩ̧ȥ¥ضһЩ
ЩɶһҪĶˮ·Ǯָˣһεᣬֻ顢ˣȴвٵĹԱڰ￴ţ£Ҳ΢Ҫһء
Ӧ£̧Щӣŵس¥ȥˡ
ΧſֵˣЩ˺棬Щ˾ģд󶨣֮ǰ뺯˵ģЩˡ
֮ǰڤȻһЩ뺯ȥЩǲŵģӡ棬Щһ˲ֵãʹеıǼ˵ҲС
ʱ˵ĸ̶ʮֵĸˣͬʱҲ˿
Ҫ֪Ȼֻһᣬ岻һһεɸ߹ģָǮ·ģһЩȽϴǺϼһ£ûǷǳġ
ڽеĶȫŪȥԺ󣬸ڤδµؿһΧĲ֣ɵЦЦ׼Ĳˣʣµľ͵翪ʼˡ



117 117Ὺʼ
ڤνȫȥԺ󣬶ֱӽԼ׼Ķóˡ
ȻᣬǾҪĸоֱֳִŪʮֵĺãҲһЩİ
ʮޣ᳡ֻṩ˲ˮÿ֮䶼һľ룬ǻ࿴
С˰
ӹŸڤζ׼òˣɵЦЦļ˵
ڤЦЦ᯴̫ˣⱾӦġ
ĹȻЩˣôˣһЩΪſԵİ
᯴ЦЦһ׼õĶЦЦʼʱںʱ
ڤЦЦʽʱδʱ̣ǸʱҲϢˣӵģ˵⻨Ǯ
һ⻰鲻ɵЦЦ
һ˾˷ˣ½½ģδʱԺ󣬱вٵ˹ˡ
͵ſڶ˿ŵģͲ⣬ſŵǽǸαڤ֮ǰѾҪעطǡ
ŵĻ˼ðڤʱ򣬾˸Сۣӡ´ɰӡڻһССİģǸĲϸĿġ
ʱ顢鶼ںεĵطű£ڤκͻǮһᡣ
ԽԽˣڤκǮ˲ûһӾͳ֣ǵȵ˵ˡ
ˣܶ඼ˣе֮ǰн
ϰþòҲμᰡ
ϣϰ壬֮ǰǸƿɻл
ϰ壬
û뵽֣ϰҲﰡ
ûмϰˣϷɰ
ܶ඼ˣ󻧡鲼ݸľĴ̣ðպʹϲĲϰ壬ܶ඼һϰˡ
ȵʱʱ򣬸ڤοһԵˣЦЦǮˣ߰ɣ롣
ǮԼĺЦЦҲҼʶһˣСߡ
ֱӳֳȥˡ
ǳʱڳ˲ɵþĬһ˲䣬վִ
ȻڤֻǻһССǶЩ˵Ҳǲܵġ
λϰãǸڤΣҲǸλˡڤοŴЦЦԵˣλǻǮˣˣһεᡣ
ˣڤЦ⣬˵
һ£û뵽ǷľȻôĺҲû뵽ɾȻҲ
λ˺ð
Ǻη
˹ִ˸Ц˵
Ǯ˳˹֣ЦЦλϰðлλμһεᣬһεľɸ˽ܡ
֮ǰʱǮ˾ˣһжӾͿˣֱӽڤξͿˡ
ڤЦЦˣֵλҸǽһһҪݡ
˵ͷҵ˺ʵλ
Ҳ֮Уûкʹ˵Լ͸ڤʶȫ̸û͸ڤ˵ܱӡ
һεᣬҪ顣ڤνԼĶóһµīղأһ棬һЩٵʹȨ
ûֻʹȨڤοɲɵֵʹȨȨٵɲܸǣֻܸʹãʹȨҪ
е˲Ǻ˽⣬ֱӵˣʵҲʹȨʲô˼
ףڳˣٵ˶ס
ڤЦЦóԼСɳ̣ĸλ֪ĹٵȽ᫣һھǺ͸ݸ֮´һµĹٵڴͬʱͨҵĵ·Ҳ֮Ϊó·
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119 119Żʶȥ
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ò˵ʱС˵Ҳѧ˺ܶ࣬ڻˣЩ᲻ãȻҪ᲻ԼС
õģСԪ磬ʱһȥġ
СԲЦӦ£һȥҶԷһġ
ȵ˴СԪȥԺ󣬸ڤҲϿȥˡ
ʱ䣬һֱŸڤǻϾˣҲл
ǻˡ
ϣǣЦ˵
˶ҪϲˣүСүСԲү˾ͺãΪǹ겻ء
ô꣬ͰѸڤǵԼļˣڿǻˣҲ˿
ڤκϣȥֱӿʼʰˡ
֮ǰҲ˲ٵĶ˵ҪȥŹ̶ߣʱ򿴼һЩʺĶҲǻһЩġ
ڤвһʮʱŹ̶ӵģǾͷͷһĴڣڣڤҲɺܶġ
ʱѾ쵽ʱˣʱ򣬸ڤκϣǻˣҲæسˣʱ˲ٵ߲˺ˮԼ⣬Ƿֹڤǻûжԡ
ڤȻһᣬ緹Ϣһʱ䣬ȥˡ
֮ǰ֪Ҫһȥ·ĸǻͦĵģһӶˣĸҲܷһЩ
һҲǸŸڤһģΪһЩͷͷĹǮȻǱҪһЩģûݣһ㣬ҲһˣϾ紵ɹģôܻ᲻أֻ˭ǾǷǳõġ
үӿԼҺӻҲǳˣóԵĲһ
ڤڻˣ֮ǰۺͻˣϾ滹вٵ飬ǲܸŸڤһ棬ԱȸڤǻʱǰһЩ
ڸڤλ϶Ҫȥ¼ҺͻʹһˣôΪ̵һˣ϶Ҫ»㱨һģͬʱҪ᯴һһ£ֽͬ̽ô
Щ飬Ҫȥһ¹ǻӡˢԼֽôˣûʲôȣҪʲôɻĻԼҲܳ⡣
ȵڤγ緹Ϣһʱ䣬ϣСԲȥĸˣڤαֱȥˡ
ȥ棬ȵȥ깬ȥ¼ҡ
˹Ժ󣬻ʵһӾ֪ˣùȥӭ
һСԪʮֵĿģΪԼҶӲ˺ܶ࣬һʳˣñʮֵĸˣ֮ǰСӳʲôͷûԼͰģŷ˸ǣ˺ܶ취СϲǵĲˡ
ȥһˣʳˣƺ߳׳һЩñЩԼǰĽʽԾôֲǾϸš
ԵȵڤһùȥӭҪ֪һεˮ·̵ôˡ
ڤν˹棬Ǹ˸񣬱ϾôûмԷˣôԲءȻڤνˮ·Ҳ˵һ£ص˵һһδɾʮ㣬ԤڵĶҪһ㣬Ԥ꿪ԺͿԼ·ˣƵ߰·е·ξͿԲˡ
ھǵ·Ѿ̺ˣܶϰն̾ˮ·ʮֵƽ̹ʮֵļӲ֮ǰ̺Ժ󣬺˺ܾãķǳﶼܿġ
ڤδ㿪ԺͿʼپҲͻɣҪǾǿôҪǾôҲͦϧڤѾкܶ뷨ˣǿŪãһܶοͣͬʱҲһЩ˹ʱҲһԴԴϵĿ˹İҲкõھǱҲиı
ĸ˰´Ѿͳ̴Ѿˣȵ¾ͻᷢģĻͿȥ˰ˡ
һ鲻ʮֵڴҸڤҲڴһ˰˵ĹǷǳҪģЩ˰գӷӯԱ߽ЩսʿҲ㹻ľá
˸ڤζˮ·һԷ˵˻ʶ飬һ̫ˣˮ·ˣͬʱҵĻʶҲˣ鷳ǷˡڻʶԺ󲻽ʳˣҳ׳˺ܶ࣬޺ͰǳĻϲ
Сÿ쿪ģԵҲˣҶòˣ֮ܶǰ˺ܶ࣬ñºͻʮֿġ
¾øڤζڽ̵ӷǳһֱ֣ӿڤΣ䣬Сӻȱһλʦ㵣Էʦɣƽʱһ顣
ʱദСӶڸڤεĸоҲǳĲжԷСӣ»ʮַĵġ
ڤ⻰ҲûоܾСҲǸĺӣʦĻֻǽ飬Ҳѡ
ֻ²ûСӸŸĸٳȥĴˣڶԷѾ7ˣҪʼܺܶĽҲûôʱԷȥˡ
ȵͱ˵Ժֱȥˣ˿ڤλǸˣȻѾ쵽ˣǶûݼ٣ֻڹæ飬Ըڤλÿˣֻ᯴ûڣڤҲû⣬ȵ˵Ҳûʲô飬ˮ·ѾֹͣˣԺǿԽеġ
λڤԺܿģԼֽлӡˢĶóöԷһ¡
ڤοǵĳɹȻϲˣҲģֱ˵̫ˣЩȫˣЩֽҲǳĲҲҪ
ڤοֱֽ̫ϲˣЩֽԵֽʹðǶЩӲĿдֽ֪ʲôģǶЩֽȴ֪ôġ
ڤβɵЦЦֽãǷǳġЩ׻ҰɫӲֽдֽҪ˺ܶࡣû뵽ǰŪˣ̫ˡ
˸ĸĻʮָжѽ㻹ȥˮ·һ·ţ㱻ɹˣʱ϶ˡ
ڤΪ紵ɹǺһģ֮ǰҪһЩûﶼøڤ˺ˡ
ҲСˣڤǶôҲһЩ
ǴȰ񣬸ڤβɵЦЦȻԼ˳ˣ֮ǰݵʱҲһЩȻʲôرصˣҿûҲϣǲҪ
ЩھطģʱҲ´һݣЩλǴš
ʱҲøλҲͦģϾֻǸһͼֽͷܹЩǿԼġ
ŸڤξȻǴﶼɸˣ˭Ҳûֱӵ̫ллˣȥôԶĵطǴ̫ˣҲϲЩ
ڤܹǣǴ;ͦĵģϾǿڤǵ˾ܹ޽٣ǵһദţ;÷ǳůˡ
ˣڤθﶼʵúÿģõõġһЩûʲôʵüֵĶڤζûôڹеĶеӣҲͶãԷӴһЩ
ڤβûٹãôﶼȥϢʵѾǷٵʱˣֽ飬Լͬ飬øڤʮֵĿģȻֱӵҪǴпյĻͳԶٷҲǰһˡ
Ȼˣľϯ϶Ҳ᯴˵ģҲǻ֮佻飬ϾԺһദµģͬʱҲŰѰһ𶼽ţʱûôʱһۡ
ðǾллˣǹˣʱҪСüѽ
ﲢûоܾĳԷȾƣʵǱȽϾģżԶٷһۣȵС죬Ҳǻ֮ٽһ¸顣



121 121۲
ڤЦӦ£ʱ䣬ֱ뿪ˣȥһ¼ңҪȥ飬˵һˮ·Ǯ飬ͬʱҪȥһۺףһȥԷ᯴˲ȥϯҲΪѵġ
ڤ뿪ʹԺ󣬱ֱӳ¼ȥˣǶڼ棬֮ǰҲ֪ڤλˣڸڤˣǵȻǷǳ˵ء
ڤΣ˰
ӭȥŸڤ˵
ڤЦŵͷһԵۣͻȻӿһ㻵Ц˷ھھˣ
ŶԷӣεط˸ۣͱˣòңΪ˿ûаЩɣ
ҪĻҪҪҪԷԷˡ
ڤЦЦȻǵİ
Ȼ۵ĴϻۣȻǿԱЩġ
һˮ·̵ôˣһԺڲˮЦʵ
֮ǰԷȥˣºҲȥˣﻹͦĵġ
ڤЦЦˣѾ㣬ȵſԼ
䣬ˮ·Ļ׻ᱻѣҵҲȽϽӲʺʩ
һᣬڤβҪȥ顣
һεøԷ˵һǮ飬˳һ˰еôˡ
֪ڤԼСܺͶˣҲûдţȵС˸ڤˣ˴ˡ
Ϊһ֮ͥԺҪǴһЩİ
顣ڤγŶԷ˸˵
ЦŻ˻֣ڼͲҪЩ°ɡ
ˮ·ôˣ
ˮ·ҲǱȽϹĵģڶԷˣȻҪһʵİ
ڤЦЦһԣһжڽУĸɾʮ㣬Ѿ·εɣԤ·ݾͲȫŪˡ
ЦŵͷʱˣúϢ
Էˮ·һߣǺİ
ڤæǫһڤҲʹõǮ˱˶ԷϾǻ飬һ϶Ҳġ
˱鿴Ÿڤε˱ɵ۾һĿһĿȻ֮ǰĶҪð
˱ʱҲܾ֮ǰڤν̸۵Ķˣ֮ǰ̸С۵ЩҲǺйϵ
¼ҵ飬϶֪İοۻǶԷĶӡ
ڤЦŵͷǵģ֮ǰƺЩѾҽ̸ķʽǱȽϼ򵥵ģҲӵļһЩ
һȵ㱨Ժ󣬾Ҫȥ˵Ķۣ۵ĴϻۣһԾһġ
ԣ鲻ɵЦЦԭˣ˰
ڤκͶԷһᣬҲ۲͵˵һ¡
ҾͲȥˣҺڣ˵᲻ڡ
˻֣ʾԼȥˡ
ڤЦЦȥҲûйϵģھͿˡ
ȵڤ뿪ԺԺַȥˡ
ۿȥЦЦʲôˣ
ǣ֮ǰ̸Ļֻһ֣Ұȫˣɵúúѧһѧ
ڤЦҡͷֱ˵
ֻЩͷ󣬵ǿŶԷֲҾܾڶԷʼѧϰˡ
Ȼ۾̣ûдΪϲֵ̣жرǿѧ˸ڤν̸ļӼ˳Ժ󣬾Ȼܿˣһܾһ
ڤΣҲ̫˰ɡ
۴һҳĿһԵ̣ԺҲˡ
̴ܺÿҲܺǶ˵Щ۵İرָͷۡ
ԺͿʽˡ
ڤЦЦ빤ĹǡѰһԷҲһɡ
۵ȻûоܾðѵͣôԲءҵС壬Ҫǲȥҿûӡ
Ȼڤ˵Ҫͣǿ϶ǶԷǮˣۿɲܾġ
ڤεͷû£СûڣһҪȥ᯴˼ң˵һͿˡ
ЦӦ£ڤνʱص˵һ£ֱ뿪¼ˡ
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Ѱΰ˸ڤҲǺþûˣÿҶһȦ˼ӡ
ڤǻˣѰǻǷǳĵġ
֮ǰڤαίΣﻹЩĵģϾȲϾǣ鳯͢Ҳкܶ˶ţǸǵĸڤˡ
۵ʱ¶ʮùС꣬Ҳûʲô飬һԳԺȺȣҲͦõġ
ˡĶͦģЦź͸ڤδЦ˵
ڤγǻӻ֣һԵѰˣҴȥһϹˣǹĹ֮ǰЩˮࡢӡˢֽˮɶġ
ңҸǽһֽ޵ʱǳã֮ǰǵһ֡
Ǿ仰ȻǷǳС˵ϾҲ˵̫
һ⻰ΰǲɵЦЦǰֵڤεĺѰΰӳ
ѰŴﹰֽ֣ӳǽһ¡
֮ǰڹʱ򣬴Ҳ˵ڤλѣλˣǻ˵һλ֮ǰ״Ԫء
λ˺ãǽܾС
ԡ
ǽС
Ĺ䶼СˣѰȻйλ˽£Ҳýô࣬ҲͳΪһ塢塣
ڤרŪ˸䣬Ѱһ죬ȵʱշǳĺá
ѽˡ
۽ź󣬲˼ЦЦ
ڤβںذڰ֣Ҳ˻һ¡
죬ŻûеԷʱ򣬸ڤαһЩϹģһţһ߳Զ
壬ڤ˵ֽʲôʱ
ѰǶֽǺĵģǱ޵Ķöˡ
һ⻰һԵļǲɵЦЦˣȵϱɼλ˾ʲôʱ
ѰЦЦò壬ûֳɵֽһЩ
ȻûʽͶ϶еİ
ﲻɵЦЦУûģСǼİҾ͸ȥҼء
ԴӸڤθֽʲôõģǼŪһ£һ£Ȼܺá
Ѱ˵ȻܾģлԷơ
һεľ۲ͣﻹͦ˵ģԹ緹Ժ弸˺ȵЩˣڤúӺ˻ȥźѰƵš
ľˮŨȲߣټϸڤκȵĲ࣬Ҳû
ڤΣ֮ǰ˵Ҫ׼Ūǿأʲô㣿
ھǵ·Ѿ޺ˣȻҲԼ·θһЩ棬Ч沢Ǻܸߣھ͵Ÿڤοɾǿˡ
ڤЦЦȵͲԿʼˣ֮ǰҲһΣҲÿС
ϾֻҪˣ˵ǰڵͶȽϴ󣬵Ǻڵ͹۵ģǮ޳ɵĻڤξԼŪʱѰɾͿˡ
⻰ҲһЩֻҪǿؿŪУǺŸڤεģԷȻ˵׬Ǯǿ϶׬Ǯġһ·Ƶţ˸Իؼҵ·ڣӻ뿪ˡ
ڤλȥʱСԲԺСѧǿ壬СѾǳˣ׵Ľ̵ԷڵĹҲˡȻȽۣԷһֱڼš
ڤοŶԷŬСģɵЦЦСԲͣ㰡
СһﻹǺŬģøڤκϣеʮֵο
СԲҧڼţ鲻ܰ;ϣǸڤνġ
Ӷţڤαȥϣˡ
ϣŶԷЩζһԵ鷳óѾ
Է˾ƣǺȵѾȻĻͷˡ
Ӧȥ˷Ѿ
ڤʵûоԼˣϣܼ֣ûа취ֻܰζЩصѾȥ
ҲˣڵĵϵС̷Ҳ٣͵Źʮˣͻؼҹˡ
˶ʮˣǾͿ쵽ˣȻʱʮֵĺ𣬵ǼȽԶģǻѡؼҹ꣬ȻĻ̫Զ˾ûа취ͼžˡ
ʳΪѾˣҲʼ׼Ķˣھǵĵһ꣬ϴǰҲһعꡣ
ҵԺӾǵĸڣǸڤΰæҵģҲһҲʮӣ˵Ĳ󣬵Ҳ֪Ǹڤ
ȻˣڤζЩҲ⣬϶Ҳȥʲôġ
Ž긵ڤλϣһֲٰģķǳƯøڤ̾ˡ
ǻƣҪһ
ʮһ죬ȫȥˣ㶫
СԲڽϿСƺϲˡ
ƺƯǻŻģһյСǱĲã׵
ڤЦԷͷҲСһСһﶼ˼ˡ
ϵ˺ܶ࣬ﶼֵģģʮֵ֡
ڤδϣӣ󻹸һЩҲȻС



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һ˱㿪ʼʽϳˡ
Ȼ͢Աʮ죬Ƿŵ磬һҲڹСͲüˡ
䣬ˮ·黹ҪȵԺſԽУҪľǽŪһ¡
ˣ֮ǰһݹþضεļƻ飬һơ
ڹʱ򣬸ڤҲûţֱӽԼھһЩƻд
ԵĻ󲿷ֵӶǿģǰǣǮԷҲó
᯴˿һֽЦЦڵʱҲûŰˣʦֽ
⸵ڤøֽԺ֮ǰֽ֪һȥ˺ܶ࣬ӲƺҲȽӲһЩһûôӳī֭
ڤЦŵͷǵģʦģùãҲ¡
ͷãһúÿݼƻġ
Ȼڤô˵ˣǿ϶õģȻĻԷҲỨĹȥˡ
ȵڤ뿪ʱ򣬱ֱȥҹˡ
ӡˢֽƹˣ֮ǰõЩֽǳĲһεֽλϵͳһģԭ˽⵽ֽΪ棬ͬʱҲΪʡ
λڿڤԺ˸
ڤοЦЦãŸոչС꣬Ԫûйء
ˣǷŪӡˢֽˣ
ܹŸڤΣЦʵ
ڤεͷҲΪ飬Խˡ
ԼҪĶ϶ĹģеĹһЩݺеĶ档
ЩԽŪԽáڤοЦЦŪֽֽĶҲͷˡ
ֽˣЩĿҲͲӡˢˣϵ鱾ҲͿ΢ˡ
Ӧ£Ÿڤдõȥ˷ǩָ£ſȥӦǮſȥЩ
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Щ˶ˣڤλǺŶԷֽҲˣÿӡˢһЩٶɶµĺռһ¡
𿴾һƬ٣£Ƕ黹һܴġ
е鶼һһĽУĶܿ죬ܹǾȥ븵ڤȥһˡ
ڤӦ£ˣһӡĶ۸һûѯλˣȵҿˣһЩƷȥ᯴˺´һ¼۸񡣡
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͸ڤദĲ˲ԸڤεһЩɻҵˣǾøڤεЩǷǳ뾭ѵġ
Уġ
λû̫壬ǿ۸Ӧÿ϶ǲ͵ġֻﶼûѯʹڤεĿҲ֪ôġ
ڤθȥרŸͦģʹЩ룬Ͼʳǽµģ𰡡
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ˣЩĶǳһȥ´˺᯴ˣһЩĶۡ
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ܹǵͷϵɶ޷ֻ־ټյȣǺܶࡣ
ڤһЩֽűֱ뿪ˣԺԶɻ˲Ÿһع
ǾǸڤθ𣿡
ǾǸ˰Ȼһ˲š
ܹΧסʵ
ܹεغʹһۣǾǸˣڸҪһЩɶﶼɻɣͰ֮ǰ̵Ϳˡ
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飬ϵļ۸˵ǺôǹҵǮӰֽŵļ۸
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鲻ػӻ֣ʲô𣿡
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ڤЦŵͷֻṩһЩ뷨ĻǹĹǡ
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Ҳ֪ԷƢԣЦЦȲ˭ģǴϳۣ
ȻԷһóʱˡ
ȷʵҪȥĻҲ׵İ
ԣ´ˣȥĻǹҲܽһЩӽ
֮ǰ·ʱ򣬸ڤδ˽еĻҪһЩ
м˰Ҫ䲼ˣԻ㲻
ЦЦֽ֪϶ں棬ѵͲµǣ
ЩҿɲǸƢԺõģҪǵǣ˵ĺܲء
ڤһ⻰ɵЦЦĵİ֪ⱳǱ£϶ҵģֻǸϵĲǼλҪǵı˺ܶġ
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Ȼ֪Щֽʲôģֽţ֪ɱ϶ǲ͵İ
Ҫˣǹ˵ء
ڤοŶԷӣȻԼ֮ǰûиԷ˵ֽĲʲôԷܻΪܹİɡ
飬ڤЦЦֽͣţýոѡ·ϵĸɲݡɭҶ˵һǲôǮİ
⻰һҪѺȽȥĲˮ³ˣŸڤΣѵʧ̬Ͱ͵ʵ㣬ո˵Ļظһ飿
ڤЦЦֽһߡ
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ЩֽЩģǿ϶ûİ
֮ǰʲôλ侲Ժ󣬿ڤʵ
ڤЦЦ´ˣģǲҪֽţһҪ飬ֽֽǲģһӡˢʮֵҲӡѶȡ
֮ǰϼţһֽʮģһֽһģһģһɶһģȻˣ۸Ա񾩳ǮطµĵطҸֻͰֽ
ϵֽҪãҿҲǳƯһܶ˵ϲ
ĶھǵĶ˲ʲôѶȣֽʵȰֽһЩǶԱֽͨҪúܶġ
˸ڤεĻˮʱȥһ˱£ʱةһͬһ£ˣǸӡˢģ壿
֮ǰЩֻ˵ȴûô˵ģ˵ӡʱɱҲܵͣ
Щ棬Ǹӡˢʲôˡ
¼ΪǵĴңȻ֪ͨϰնһѵ飬Ѿ鱾ļ۸ȽϹ󣬶Դڹǿ̻ףӡѶȴǳɱ͸ߣ۸ȻҲ͹ˡ
ڤЦŵͷֳɵģھ͸һ׹
֮ǰܹ˺üС͵Ļӡˢģߣÿù鿴һʱλʱҲиݡ



123 123
˸ڤεĻɵЦЦĵӵǴ󣬾ȻҰѱΪĺ̨⵹ʧΪһ÷
֪Ըڤθ˵ȥЩֽźЩӡõ飬Щҵ˾ԲŹԷģЩ֪ǱôҲԲҶԸڤζ֣ǿеġ
ҪҪλһ£ⲻһС飬ǹغϰյ顣
ֽŵ۱ˣô֮ľ鱾ļǮһЩôܶСлǮȥһĽ
֮ǰۺļҴ飬Ҳ齲һ飬֪ڤθ˽ӵʱĻǷǳ޳ɵġ
Ȼھٳȥ֪ҪͷأΨж顣ЩٵصˣǺܶ˶һͽǮȥԼҵĺȥ飬Ȼͷء
ѰһǳõӣΪѰ͸ڤߵĺܽϵҲܺãȻûȥʹҲûȥҶ֪ġ
ѰԼŬĻôͲк״Ԫˡ
ڤҲ뷨´ˣھͻعǸС͵Ļӡˢøȥұµʱ򣬾Ϳñ¿һǸ
ӡˢԼӿ鼮ٶȣЧʳɱǳĵͣͨϰҲͿԶ飬鱾ˡ
ڤ¾ס֪ϰڶ鷽ѴҲΪ֮Ŭķ
˵ͷڤαصȥûӡˢڹ׻ӡˢһ׸Ҳûʲô
ò˵飬ѵһѹȸУһ𺳸У֪Ҫģڶ˵ǷǳĻᡣ
ڤҲţÿ˶л飬ôֻᷢչԽԽãΪÿ˵ǻ۶ģ⿿һʮһٸûôģеһķչƶϽ
飬ڤҲûȥˣ飬ةǾԿҪԣҲԻʵġ
أҪľȥ滮һ¾ǿأȻǿأôҪȥʵؿһ͸˼٣ȥһ¾ǿء
ȻҲۣǮˣôǿ˽˵ֵһЩɷݣ²ͬĻǸڤλٸصʹȨȻȻҲĵģԻóʮġ
ԼȻһЩѣһЩһطڸڤο׬⣬ϾкܶĶûʵ
ǳԵһͻкܶأʳΪ챾ͺܻˣֻǴѣʲôѽտûóأֻҪǿȻīͶϲĵطҿŪտʲôģһҲܶԻ
ԾǿأԼԹҵ忪;׬һ׮⣬ϾĹǿкܶĸ̣ܶǮˡ
˵ˮ·ˣݸֻҪʱʮֺЩǮ˵ȻԸ⻨ϲʱʱһ棬תһתˡ
ȵڤΰǸӡˢøԺֱȥұˡͬʱȥ˳´˵ȼλ󳼣һ顣
ȻҲûǰѸڤδЩֽţЩ㹻Щ˾ϲˡ
ЩֽŲöҳɱˣĽ鼸󵽣ȵֽȥԺжĺ䶯
Ҫ飬һۼΣϾ̫Ҳǲõģ۸ҪУôһзǻһ¡
ȵ齫óԺ󣬴Χſ˿ơ
ЦЦ˵ʵҲǵһοӡˢģߣЩֽ
֮ǰֻڤ˵ȴûô
һԵĳةҲɵЦЦڤλһǳϻ۵ء
֮ǰ;øڤǰ;û뵽Էոս볯͢չ¶ͷˣȻûпˡ
һԵ鶼ͬص˵ͷҲøڤǸ֮ţԻзǳá
˻̽һҲѸڤθ߸ĳɱ˵һ£ϾⶫĳɱͺܵͣҲȥʲôģ˵ĻǳľȣֱеĵͳɱҪͺܶѽ
ة˼ֽһһϣ۸ҪĻҪһ£ȻҲһЩǮĹӸ磬Ĺһ㡣
ة࿼ǵľͻһЩܹЩ˵ģ˻٣Ǯ˼Ҳ٣ҹֽŲرÿұֽҪúܶࡣ
ЦЦ֮ǰڤҲЩ۸񡣡
һԵıЦЦ°˵˵
ЦЦ֮ǰڤθЩֽŶµļ۸ֱǣֽһʮģֽһһģһġ
۸Ҳͷ۸ɷ
Ȼ۸Ǻܹ󣬵ĹҲҪǮİҲΪģǮȻǴӻĿڴ
鿼ǵıȽ϶࣬ҪһԺˣ˱˵ǮǿɾͲˡ
ЦЦ϶ǲġ
ɱôͣٿĻǿ϶кܴⰡ
ȵ̶һ£֮ͬǰڤθĶۣһ棬ڤΪˣʵжȡ
ڸڤθ˼٣ֱȥȥ˾
ǱһǳĵضΣﲻκϰյģֻǹٸĹϽأֻΪɽΧûʲôˣҲһֱţ޸ˡ
ڤ˵ľأ۸ڶԷԣǰЩҵĵضΣü˵
ڤЦЦǰط㣬ȿȥһ¡
Լ֮ǰдļƻöԷȿһ£ۺôҲˣȻǺǿģԸڤֻǼ򵥵ذԼļƻŪһ£ŶԷҲȫԷе̻ġ
Լţڤαźȥǰ濴һˡ
ĵضλ㲻Щ˶ңڤϸ۲һ£˺ܶ࣬ûдνˮ򣬻ǲġ
ϵһܵĻڤֿһ̳ˮ·ˡ
һ߿ţһֽддȻˣֽó̼ģãֽİֽҲܺд
ŪʲôۿǷݼƻԺ󣬱ֱȥҸڤˣŶԷддЩʵ
ڤЦЦˣ
۵ͷԷݼƻ黹ǷǳģնԷļ㣬ǿ϶׬ģʱ鲻ô˳ģЩ⻹ôýİ
ڤЦЦ·ͨٵݸ֮ǰ·ʱҾƹӸݸҪʱǱ߿ŪһרŴĵط漴ǿջ
ڤ湹һͼôøطôſ԰ѾطõķӦеļֵÿǵ顣
ڤΣ뷨ĺܲͬصͷָеĲָơӣҪʱ䣬ҪķѴã»Ӧ𣿡
ǮɲôõģȻﶼŸڤοطӦеãһļֵӸλˣǻῼǺܶණġ
ڤЦЦʵҲ˵ġ
ۿԷʾԷ˵˵
ڤοһط֮ǰ룬òôˣǾ˽ɣԸ˺ǶǮռٹɷݣǶǮҲռٹɷݡǿټٵˣʽ϶ûġ
ǰͶ϶һʾ޴Ŀ֧޿ɱģҪΪãλϵͳ˴ĽȻˣȫۣҲкܶġ
˼ͻȺ˿ɶһ˰ҪݸǺĻǶԿ
ȻǻĶӣԼ׵˽⣬ԷῴԼ˵ķϾġ
ڤЦЦû£鲻ѣõҺͼλˡһ¡
ǮĲǴ⣬صĿʲôķʽڣҪġ
ۿŶԷŵӣҲ΢ЩɿĶԷļ򣬵ǾͿˣҿ·ϻ˲ٵǮء
ɾ͵Щ̹ʱչ·أ߹ٵʱҲվշѵģһǼȻˣǴҲȨȡ·ѵģĹ·Ѷ۵ģڤҲĴûڳԺڣֵĻǿǿͷĴ˭Ҳôɵ顣
ھ˲ʱֱӻȥˣڤеˣȥֱ鷿ʼ滮
ÿһ򶼵һĶԺЩôǿȴʱ



124 124ƹ񣨲죩
ڤ鷿ƺ˾ͼȻҪǵȻÿһõİڱҲͬīۣڵڶȥְʱ򣬾ֱӱ飬йȥˡ
СŶԷЦЦ֮ǰѾұˣͰ֮ǰļ۸
ҲЦЦĵطд㣿
Ͼֽź鱾ˣǵе̲ſ԰
ڤһ⻰ɵЦЦλ˲õģ֮ǰ´͸ҵĵ̻һ䣬ھǿȽ϶ĵطҲǿš̾Ϳˡ
ʱ֮ǰҲڤʹ͹һЩ̣ԷҲûôãȷʵҲãռڤα˰
ڤҲںЩҲûʲôҪ̡
ĵռˣЩԣҲ֪Էе̣һǵضηǳġ
ڤЦЦû£ǵ̿ҲǿţЩҲ츣ա
ҲںЩСǮҲȱǮѵ̿ţ
Ȼڤζô˵ˣλҲûپܾˡ
Ҫʱȥǵֽź鱾ȻȵԺ󣬾ͿԿʼˡ
ˣƹģѡˣѡһҪηȨġ
ڤڸλ˵Ժ󣬱ȥֱӽܹˣø߹˿ץʱЩֽź鱾ˣЩ鱾ڿԲҪӡˢ׶ҲӡˢһЩƾٵĿˣЩˡûиڤεĻҲ֪ҪӡˢΪӡˢóȥˣ֪ҲǺܸ˵ġ׷׼ӽӡˢ
ӡˢһĽ׶ΣϾһӾͳģԸڤҲٹ滮һʱ䣬Ȼֱ˽沼ôɨʰһ
ȻҪֵļܹô͵ӣӾ͵ľȥ죬ԸڤҲȥľöԷæܡ
ڤδִֵķʽһ꣬Ϊӵ겻ʮֺÿҸһֺܸ߹ľĸоͼֱӽүӣү֮ǰҲֹģȫûġ
׻˵ĺãˮȻǸȥģСԼģҪֱȥæĶŪһ¡
ˮ·ûпʼ̣Ҳûʲô飬̫ˣû˹ȥżҲԷһЩ㹤Ҳвٵ룬ǱҴҪǿܶġ
ټϱǶ棬ȵԺǾͿȥˮ࣬ҲһβƵ롣
ֵĲýҵˣڤҪǵģƹͻˡ
ƵĻҵƹĲУҵ˱Ͼ֮ǰûھȨǻЩµģҪҵˣҪܹǿȨηȨ󣬵ȻˣҲöԷӲյİ϶ѱ߶Էġ
Ͼӽ£ӿשͷ˵ҵһƷ١
ֻⷽ渵ڤλûʲôͷͲⷽרңԾ͸ɴȥˣԷھô꣬ԻһЩϵģ϶ҵҪƹġ
ڤûж룬ֱȥˣ⼸ԽԽæˣȵ½Ժһúúһ˺ͺӡ
֪ڤεЩȣܿ׹ˡ
룬ֱӵѡһֻƢЩá
Ǹ֮ǰҲƹģֻΪһ飬ʮȨ˵Ըڤƹġ
ôãڤЩ죬ŶԷʵ
ʱ򣬲ûкֲܶá
ЦЦԷһ£ǸΪԼŮ飬Ȩ˷ǳʹޣȻǸɱŮȨ󱻿ͷˣûа취öԷȻ
۵ĻڤҲˣܹˣΪףԼĺӶˣһʮʹġ
ۿŶԷЦЦڤΣʲô㣿
֪ԷǼҪǸΪԷƹģ˵Ѱ
ڤЦЦ׶Է˼ǡǡ෴öԷͦõģҾÿԣۣ֪Էȥ
ȻҪԷȥƹģǵȻгаҸڤҲġ
֪ڤεľԺ󣬲ȣ֮У϶ԷԸ
ȵ۽ַ߸ԷԺ󣬸ڤβûֱӹȥһ׼
ȥ鿴һ¹λδµ飬ȵ˵ԷĳԺ󣬲ŵŰݷá
Ǯһֱھһլӣƽٻ˴򽻵ԴŮԺ͸ӺͶھƽҲٻͱ˴򽻵
λӣ˭
ڤŵʱһλʮ꿪š
ڤЦЦֵãһǮΰǮ塣
һ£㡣
ǮΰŴһ۸ڤΣҾǮΰţ֪λк飿
ӡУǲʶĹӵġ
ڤιֵǮ壬ոǮɷȥ˵
Ͼ˶ӵģҲ˵
Ǯΰſһ۸ڤΣɡ
ڤγһԵЦЦֱ߽ȥˡ
Ǯ˸ڤε˱ˮʵһԣȻλүԼ๫ģҲ֪ʲô顣
ڤκڲˮЦЦǮ壬ҪиϣܴӦ
ȻǾͲ˵ˡ
ǮΰſŶԷֱ˵
ڤ⻰ûЦЦ岻ҵ
Ǯΰ΢һԵǮº͵ЦЦ֪λʲô飿
Щ棬λǴ֪ҵģǴ֪ǮΰŵϢ
ڤЦЦֵлӣҽҪϣȥƹġҽҪһ̣Ϊȫºӵ˵ıīֽ⣬ҪһληȨˣȻηȨҲеģұˣԱȨҪ󡣡
Ǹλӣ鲻С
Ǯ֪Լ๫ԸԴ֮ǰǼԺǼҾͲϲȨ֮ˣԶԶԶԶ
ڤЦЦȱžܾ˵䡣
ڤνǼ˵һ£Ȼ˵ĶǸвص㣬һȫµĺӵܣһ棬ҲǮΨһĶӡ
˶ҪǰģȻŮѾˣǶӻڣҶѾʮˣǵ˳ɼҵʱôǳӵĻ¡Ѷʮѵĳ̶ȡ
˸ڤεĻĬˡ
һǮĶǮֱ߹ˣȻҵﲻԸ⣬߰ɡ
֪Լ飬ҲϲЩȨȻڳˣϣΪԼõȥЩԸԵ顣
ԼҵĶӣݵģǺТ˳Ըܺá
ǮĬһᣬЩ꣬ʵԲģԼˡ
Ǯж٣Ǯΰź˿ڲˮŸڤʵ
ڤЦЦǮ壬һõģÿӣͬʱÿ¶һֽ͡Ҫȥ˽ӵĻҲȥæġ
ȻôǮҵ˲ϵǮǲٵģȻĻҲᶯøֹϵɱԼŮ֮Է
ǮĬһᣬȥƹģЩȨ֮ˣԲǣ
ЩţھȨ̫֮ˣ֮ǰĳˣҲֻһССҶѣȲϾǵĶȨ
ڤЦЦȻõģ˭˭ɧţֱӿԸ߶Էҵ֣ҽиڤΡ
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˸ڤεĻɴ۾ȻҲ֪ڤεֵġ
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ڤЦЦɣʱҲȷڸ죬ȵŪˣһֱġ
°ˣǽҲûʲôԵĵˡ
ΪԷһǻǰ˵һöԷһ£ϾҪķһЩˣҲİ
ȵڤ뿪Ժ󣬱ֱӻؼˡ
˰
СԲڤԺ󣬸˼ˣֱӱĻ档
ڤһѽСԲ׶ԷСԲû
СԲڶԷһ£ǵز˲Էˡ
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ڤЦЦǰ§ŶԷʱˡ
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ҹȥһү
ڤιҲֵ֪ˣСԲСԲҪҪŵһȥ
ҪȥСԲͷ˶СŮúܿɰСԲ֮ǰҲҲͦϲԷģõĽš
ڤθϣ˵һ£ǣСԲȥˡ
Ҿ븵ҲһյĹߵʱҵ顣
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̫̫ԷԺĻƣЦЦϣ̫ѵСԹ԰ôˣһģ
ҲˡСԲЦЦָĸڤ˵
ڤ߽Ժ󣬵ѣү
СүںԺ̫̫ЦЦֿСԲ̫ҲСԲõĳԡ
ŸڤεԭھǲûйȥԽԽʱ̫̫ҲһЩĸ˳һ
ððԺ춹⡣
СԲͷ̫̫Ҳһ֣ġ
̫̫Ӧ£һԵĸڤεЦЦԼӵСֱȥүˡ
үľߣھͲˣĶҲͲȫˡ
֮ǰڤθͼֽǷǳģүľøڤһ񣬶Է֮ǰͼֽͿ֪ˣԷ֮ǰͼֽܱ£ǰûпĻҲǳľºÿһϴүϲѣοЩķСء
ڤ߹ȥ󣬽һүˡ
үӿԷԺ󣬷ĶЦЦ˰һ֮ǰĶ
ڤ߹ȥүӵľķǳİÿһܾ£ľҲĥķǳãһҲֲڡ
С˰
汧ľĹǿڤκЦЦ
ڤεͷһһԵȶЦЦү˾ˣǵĲеĶá
ļޣֹģĥЩҲǳķʱ䣬ģҲǷǳˡ
ãҪͼȽϺá
ЦЦڤΣˣС֮ǰңˮ·ʲôʱټ



125 125֮
֮ǰˮ·ھҲʶ˲ٵˣ˵֮ǰڴĸãʶһЩһͬϵˣǺܿĵġ
ǸȵԺ󣬵治Ӳ˲ſԽˮ·
ڤЦŽһ£Щ䣬ȵ΢ůһЩſԵġ
ˮ·Ĳģھе·涼ˮ·ש·ûпӿݵģҲŢˣϰҲǳĿġ
Ҹڤη֣ˮ·ҲǳĽʵûһ⡣
⻰ҲͰһЩ֮ǰŸڤ飬ȻûھǣǻǷǳģǮҲã·ϵʱԺҲɻʱҲ
үӿһֵĹӣڤˡ
ڤοүӣЦЦүЩӶҪֿԺ˭ҪĻҪҪһľ
ȻҲÿүǷԸſԵġ
үЦЦðڼҲûʲô飬ֻȻһЩ
õģϸʱҾֱƹĻߵСš
ЩƶǱȽִģԿȥͻᾫºܶ࣬ܶûеġ
үЦӦ£ڤҲûдãʹСԲȥˡ
̫ѣ̫ү
СԲǣŸڤε֣ŶԷӻ֡
̫̫ЦŻӻ֣ȥɣҪԺ춹ˣ͸̡̫
СԲصͷԼҵһһػؼˡ
ŶԷǵĵ飬ڤεЦЦãһСԻƸԼ̫̫ĵĵġ
ȻСĳ˲ٵĵģС죬ʱҲ˲١
ļڤ΢һЩˣҲλ͸¶ԼҪһֵĴ㣬λһЩɻ󣬿ǵֿԺ󣬴ﶼˡ
֮ǰôһϢûУң˭Ҳûиǣĵ̣Ķʮֵıˡ
ڵ̿ҵǰ죬ڤѾȥɢˣȻûӡˢӡģ˺õĶȻÿһ𳭶˰
ѽ֣ǿ֪ǿ˼֡
֪Ҫȥء
ߣ˵Ķɱˡ
֮ǰˣҲܾȣͬʱҲһ˿ɣЩĻ
˶ֽ֪۲ͣͬʱҲ֪ӡ鱾̫ˡ
ڤڵ̿ҵʱ򣬲ûйȥڿҵ֮ǰѾǮΰѵһҲܷġ
鱾ֽŵı۶еģҶһԣȥ˿һĿȻؿѹͲҪȥѯʵСͿˡ
๫Ҫȥһ𣿡
ҵһ죬ڤκϣڽϻš
֪ڤ֮ǰ׼ẉ̂Ǿǵȷʵ̵֪ϰ徿˭Ͼ֮ǰкܶ˴ǸǮΰŻǳȷԲ͸¶һϢ
ðǾȥһССԲ鱾ֽˡ
ڤЦŵͷ֮ǰҲڵȻЩֽźͻӡˢģ˽ЩҪԼȥġ
ϣЦŵͷŶԷȥ˵档
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ھѾڸˣҲŪòˣԸڤҲһᡣ
ԺҲкôģϾԺ˲źܶ࣬˵Ժ󲿷ֵĶҲҪŪԼŪģرۡ
⻰λˣԭǾѽ˵ʵҲͦ޳ɵģϾûоȷʵе鷳Ѿˡ
Щƿѧ˵ͦѵģرЩӵܣΪҪ
λǶͬˣôҲͺðˣȵڤκλһԺеף֪Ҫʲôˡ
ڤν˵Ժ󣬶ة㰴ϾҪǴŪһǿɾͿϧ˰
ֹȷɻ󣬸ڤθźѧʿˣѰһ顣ȻѰ״ԪŶԷǳҲֻǱޡ
ȵԺ󣬺Ժ˹ƶְˣϾڤҲһռ͵ˣгɹˣǿ϶ǴҹͬĹ͡
žȶøڤ֣ʱ˱Ҫ⣬ԺȫŪ顣
ˣҵ緹ˡ
층ڤߵüûüʳйϣҲ֪ԷϲԹķˣ緹͵˹档
ڹ˶֪ڤǻǰĺˣֻǼ򵥵ؼһ£ùȥԺˡ
ڤοŶԷʳУɵЦЦֱӽ˹ллСˣͷһˡ
˵ţڤ˶˶Է׻˵úãСѲʱЩ̫ǸӦעˡ
λСŸڤôɵЦЦ˿ˡ
ȵԷ뿪󣬸ڤαʳгȥˣ¸ڤдͬţר˺ܶķˣ֤ڤڷָ˵ʱҲԼԵġ
ڤΣ緹
Ѱ۾һ֮ǰӳҲԷ񲿣ֻΰ̲Ҳ֪Ǹڤεĺѣ񲿺̲˶ԳӳҲϾ˭˵׼أһҲһɳ죬ҪìˣСЬǿɾͲ˰
ڤЦŵͷߵüǴʳˣԺӾ͹ˣвٶﶼԵɡ
ҾͲˡ
ѰûиԷ˵ڤμĳرĺãǶҪһɣҪǲˣһɾͿǳˡ
գѰǷǳͬģԷǷǳİ
⻰ﲻԥ׷׺ԷķˣȵԺ󣬴֪Ϊʲô֮ǰѰô˵ˣķǳĺó԰
˳緹㰴ռƻʼУ;ˡ
Ժ˶дŵˣڤθ˵Ҳѧ˺ܶࡣ
һ󹤳̣һһϦͿɵģ鲢żԸڤθְʱְְʱְӹľȻڹʱܶء
תۣ¹ȥˡ
ѮʱѾתˡ
ʱеĶȫŪˡ
ʱڤΰѻտɫСԣ̸ĸĸˣ֤ÿһĶòŷھǱ߿ꡣ
๫쾩Ǳʽţǹȥһɣ
ھׯ԰ҵ֮ǰѾ˿ʼˣϣҲ֪ģ֮ǰûȥʮֺ浽ʲôӵġ
ðýݼ٣ǹȥɡ
ڤЦӦ£ֱӴССԲȥˡ
ĸϣҡҡλεسžǱȥˡ
ܶ˶֪ǱҪҵˣһ·кܶˣȿ쵽ʱ򣬸ڤηԼ·εΧ˺ܶͣŵ㣬ׯ԰ѾԶˣټǰ˺ܶ࣬ûٶȿ죬Բٵ˶Ը⽫
۲ˣĺко̵ͷԣԷȻѾǰͣһˣÿͣȡһķá
ϣϣҲɡ
ڤοһǰôˣϣ˵
ϣͷúȥŹȥһֱӳ״Ԫ߹ȥ
Դ
ϣǰĴӣ߲ʵĵƹ⣬ɵЩ档
ڤμ״һЦô๫ⲻɣ
ģһһӣ˶õĻҲ֪طʲô֣Ȼһʮʮ٣Իµġ
ϣЦЦŶԷ˸Ĵָ๫Ȼ
ԴһС̯ӣڤβЩ˰ڵֻ̯û˺ã˶ǽģĵ̣Ķûеġ
ڤβûֹҲǰıֻ֮Ӱ˸ڤǸǻһͬʱʲô飬Ӱ쵽·ˣҲԬЩġ
ۣǸʲôҪԡ
СԲǣԼҵ֣۾һָŲԶ̯˵
ڤԿȥЦЦǾһһҲԵ㡣
Ǹǿɱͦ͵ģ϶ĭǮһǺܹ󣬵ζȴر㣬ǻû߽Ϳŵˡ



129 129ζ
ȥ򿾳ɸڸڤǵ󣬱˵İȫ
óԣķĳóԡ
СԲǵһγԵ˵ĳϲġ
СүҪϲĻһͷһЩ
СԲСϲЦ˵
ССԲһۣ׷׵лл

üЦģүĶ̫ˣԺԻдϢ
룬ССԲϲЩˣˣͱЩ̯ĶסˣҪЩǲİ
óԵĿŶ
ըը
ըϣըϡ
ԴСԳĶ࣬ڤΰԼ뵽ģо˳
֮ǰҲǷ˲ٵ˼̻Ժȥ̱ˡ
Щˣ󲿷ֶһģͬʱҲ˳ӳΰˣǽһЩʵҺ񣬼ҾһģҲǰˡ
ΰȻǸСңΪܳ裬ֲǵϵʵҲһ㣬˶ԷһҲԴ˸ӡ
̫ѡѡ
СԲСڳ꿾ۼؿ˲Զըһˣ˹ȥ
֮ǰ˾ҽܵһѣʶӣҪ֪ǸڤǼҵˣ֮ǰĿԲǮġ
ϣССԲ
̫̫һܺã֪ôõĻԺڤ˵һ£ڤεȻǵˣԽը̸ǡ
ѣԭİɺã
СԼЦЦ˵
̫̫ϲüЦãüˡ
ȻǸտҵǾôһᣬѾȥܶණˡ
˼ңٸըײˣ崮ըա
һԵĿ˵̫̫͵ĴϱҲææ
Сǵӣѣ裬ҪҰæ𣿡
ãСӽҪ棬ЩͿˡ
̫үЦ˵߹ĸڤκϣǵǰĻأССԲȥ棬ԼԵġ
Сɲ̫ү᲻
Ǻðɣ̫үһһԺóԵĻ
СԲԼ̫ү䣬˵
үӦ£ȵߺ󣬶Ц⡣
ŸһС̫СĲУĶû¹æˡ
Ƕ˵ˣôõĻǮֱҪ̫˰
үӷŶϱը̣˻Ū˾ȶģԴĵ̣ܹٵǮء
˶ǽģҵģǸڤεǮ֮ǰڤθǺϼƹĲģҲǮͽˡ
ԭڤûǴӵڸڤ뿪ĵڶ죬Ͱѽ͵ȥˡ
ү˵ֵˣѾ˸ڤκеİˣʱܶ鶼нޣҲϣСĶÿŸڤӦ顣
ڤκϣ뿪ըӺ󣬾ֱȥˡ
ĸĸ裬һŪȻҲ˻ƵģȻĻ϶æġ
ԭڵ᲻᲻ãɵԴԺ˲ףǺö˰ˡ
֮ǰڤڿԴʱˣ治ֻгԵģµ꣬εȶȻˣЩӣֻҪģһˡ
̡
СԲĸԺŶԷӻ֡
СҲЦЦ
ϣôˣ
ĸ֣Ц˳
ϣЦЦԴҵùתһתûʲôҪæİ
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ĸЦŰڰ֣òãֻ׼ûе緹ʱء
ڲ磬ʱֻ࣬Լæµʰһµġ
ȥתһתɣԴܺĵطء
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ڤЦŵͷոȥջˣ
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ڤһ⻰ɵЦЦֲûи䣬ϲ;ס
ڤκڿջԼһ䣬ֻˣ˿϶ûеġ
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һ⻰ʮָˣ͸ŶԷȥջȥˡ
Ϊ磬Կջ滹ûʲôˣһЩԺͲµԼһס£еҲ˷䣬ȵֱӹסˡ
ڤδżȥջԺ󣬱ȥ˿
Ҳǵһֿջֺ֮ǰסĿջǲһģʮֵľȡ
ϣҲǵһι֮ǰȻڤ˵һµķʽȥװ޵Ŀջ֮ǰûп
ȥԺžĻķǳãһž͸оʮֵʣĻҲһԸסġ
ϲӣһԵ۲ɵЦЦڤ֮ǰҸķ3¥ģһλãԴķɻȥһϲĻҲס¡
ýԴҲһЩʲôģǷǳֵġ
⻰ڤЦЦãǵʱһԵĻס¡
Ȼ֪лģгϷģиӼȱݡ
ûиһһȥ棬ǺԼһ𡣽ԴҵҲʮֺʲôˣҲЭһˡ
Դķǳ࣬ڤ￴˲ˣϾԴǾȽϳˣҴҲ棬ﵽױŪʲôˡ
Ͼٴ֮ǰֻһ鱻ķ˵ĵط



130 130ż
ջĻرĺãڤδӽԤķ䡣
ۣĺƯϿס𣿡
СԲķ䣬ͼĻȫһɵЩȣڤ˵
ڤԷͷ԰Сס£ϴȥԻ
ϻ϶ҲܶˣӿԳģǿԳһЩġ
һ⻰ӦˣкܶĶأǻûȫһ顣
ڿջһᣬڤθƹҪס£öԷŷԿ׸ˡ
Ϊ˱֤ÿһ͵˽ȫڤκһ£ÿһǿջһԷһĶžͿˡ
ջƹĵȻʶڤˣԷԿøԷˡ
ڤκϣԴ棬Ȼڲ磬ԴȴǳĶࡣ
֮ǰڿҵʱ򣬸ڤκ۾ѾԤˣһرġ
ȵһԴڤαۼؿ˲Զıˡ
ϣϣҿλˣСԪ
ڤοԷΧϣ˵
ϣ˳ƿȥЦЦ๫ȥɣССԲȥǡ
ͲȥˣСԲǿԹȥСԪСԲ֮ǰǳϤˡ
ڤЦŵͷﱣϣϣӸߡ
ȻˣúӸҲֻǻöԷΧŶԷǰġ
Ӻͷ˸Եĸλ
СԲС硣
СԪڰתͷһǸڤδ˹ˣһϲ˱ȥ
СԪ硣
СԲԷҲ˼ˣǣŶԷС֣ؽһ
СԪӦһǣ˵֣ԵİҴӼ˺öԵأҪ֪ǣһĸһЩ
֮ǰҲֻͻȻ䱻ԼҸʽгˣԭȥţԼҸʲãֻĵˣҺÿСԲˡ
ӣôˣ
ڤγű¹˹Ц˵
̧̧֣ÿλ˶ڡ
ڤ˳ӵһԣԱǡþˡ
˵Դҵˣ棬ֱӹˡº˿ڲˮЦЦȻʮֵ֡
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¹ǳһˣȻǰŲһ
ЦЦԴǷǳõӣԷܹŪӣǷǳ׵ġ
һ⻰ЦЦǫˣǺֻССֶѣҪĻǸ˵뷨á
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ڤΪ˰ȫŪñȽС͵ģתľݡΰ塭϶СĶ
ۣСԲߣǽȥ档
СԪǵһοôĶ۾һ˵
֮ǰڹ̫ѧϰѧϰģЩˣлһ棬ȻŹİ
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С棬һ졣
¾֮ƽкܶ飬ֻԴ˲ʱ뿪ˡ
ߵʱСԪؿΧĺóԵĺģҲ֪һԼʱʲôʱء
ȵ˴档ԼҶӲӣֻЦЦԷԴЦ˵
һ⻰СԪ۾һصصͷã˵ɲҪƭңһԹѧҵġ
ŶԷСģԷʲôʱƭ㰡
ȵˣȫع˿
ֻԷ뿪ˣǸڤε˻ûߵġ
ҲżģŪҲʮֵĺ棬̫̫Ƕˡ
أʹ˵껰Ժ󣬱ֱȥԼҷˡ
һԵС˺Ѿ˸ЦЦү˺Ϸڻ
գ鲻Եظһ䣬ҹȥ
ʲôطѵԼҷҵʲôóԵĶ
һǳʳĶ
ʱڤҲϣŻȥˡ
һ棬һҲӲɣΣûʲôطҪĽġ
๫վ֮ǰѾĶ
ϣʮƯңܾЩ졣
ڤЦЦԣǵ֮ǰϵĶ𣿡
ЩǱȷˣҲҪ˼Ҳ˺þòŪõģȵԺȥˡ
ŪþǼ򵥰ˮ˪ķر٣϶ʻģһһǷǳˡ
ЩҼǵáϣͷ֮ǰڤθһЩˮ˵ģԺȷʵ˺ܶ࣬Ҳˡ
ڤЦЦ۰ЩһЩھڻ
ֻ٣ƾȫĴˣǽԤˣʮֺʱ䣬ҲҪϸģڤκ۶ϸҲûż
ǵȵԺǿ϶ҪŪģȻ
ĶЩСʹĻ߲ɾ˶УҲ˵ȥҲЩ˷ġ



131 131
ڤκϣֻ濴һۻյңǻûнȥ
๫ö˰
ϣ濴һۣɵЩȣŸڤ˵
ڤЦЦȥˮЩģҪȥ𣿡
ĸҲֻǴŵĿǾŪá
ð߽ȥҪкʵĸһЩ
ϣֱӵͷ֮ǰЩûҪкʵĻԸԼһЩġ
Ůǿ϶ϲЩҲЩãǿ϶Ǹϲġ
ȵȥԺϣĺܶ࣬󲿷ֶһЩŮѡЩƷ
ϣ֪ʲôˣЩƷĺܲڤκϣ˿Сˡ
ǵĶȽ϶࣬Ҳ࣬ԵСеæڤԼȥæԼģȻϣһԿ˿ͲҪСǽЩ
ЩڤζϵõģϾǴﴫȥģѹͲҪСܡ
ڤκ͸ڤתתϣԼסҲһЩ
ȻЩǸݸڤεƼ֮ģڤ֪ЩôõģЧΣҲܿ졣
˽ȥĿҲ죬ȴһѵĶӽЩֱȥջˣǽҪסڿջԶڿջҲûйϵģǵԴ棬ȥĻͦ鷳ģЩ棬Ҳûзڿջ氲ȫԺӾֱӰЩڿջˡ
ջƹļ飬öԷ뿪ǰþˡ
ڤδϣԴ˺ܳʱ䣬ĺܶ࣬ÿһرĺ棬һ͵һۺ̳һ㣬кܶķ羰кл԰һЩͷ羰Сͤӡ
ڸ֮ǰڤξͿǵĺܶ࣬ЩҪڵġ
һԴһ죬ȵӳԺ󶼴˯ˣ̫ˣȵ˱ڿջסˡ
Ŀջķ仹Ǻܴģ㹻ĸסµģҲȥˣϴԺ˯ˡ
ڤκϣҲһϢϣڸڤεϣЦЦ๫ĺЩŪĺܶϲĿҲرࡣ
ϣڤر
ⲻһССḶ́һǳḶ́˿ԽЩŪǷǳˡ
Է񣬸ڤЦЦ׶ԷǵȻˣϣϣСԲҲԿʼˣҪҪ͵˽ȥ
֮ǰ˵ҪѰ϶ԷΪͽܵģ⻰˵ڶԷ̫СˣѰ̶ԷܾôСˣԸڤλǴСԲȥ˽֣Ȱѻ֪ʶˣȻٸѰʼѧϰ
⻰ϣɵЦЦ๫ѽ˽ӶܲСԲСһȥɡ
С˽ӻǲģ֮ǰҺõ˽ӣСԲȥҲͦĵģСҲչһϾСԲСȥöԷȥҲֻϣԷܹӦѡ
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ھˣ˽ҲῪʼʱֱӴСԲȥһԾͿˡ
ڸڤοȻСԲСԷܴ˽Ҳһúѧϰġ
Ժ󣬱ܿ硣
Դһ죬ڶ층ڤҲҪȥְģˣȻȥԺְ
ȥʱвٵͬŻûеǿڤԺ󣬶˵һԴ顣
ЩҲ֪ˣϢʱ䣬ٵ˶ȥһ棬ĶĶǳĲ
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ڸڤںԺǱȽģ֮ǰڹʱе鼸ҪΪſԣ־飬ǿܷѡ
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ʮ·ݣѾʼƮСѩ
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϶ô˵ȻĻôЩء
⻰ˣЦЦãҪֳˣɱоһôҪдˣɱǸ˵һ
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СԲڤλԺԷҫƵĽ
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СԲԼ˴룬죬ŶԷ˵
ڤαЦˣݺݵԷԴôܳˣ



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СԲԼҵӣֺõ˵ְʣԷԡ
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ŶԷӣڤεЦЦֱǣŶԷֳȥˡ
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ڤοЦЦȥעⱣůɲܷ纮ˡ
Է֮ǰСԲСȥѩˣӵʲô鶼ûУǶԷȴܷ纮ˡ
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ϲ⻰æŸڤ񣬵̫лˣǵˮ϶زġ
Ǹܲ͸ᱻץˡ
Ȼ֪ǰλʲôݵˣȻĸڶԷǰҪǿ϶ǸĹٰ
ϲˡڤҡҡͷ̾˿ֻû뵽ˮȥˣȻᱻǿռ
ⲻĴ̫̫ܲˡ
ϲοָ̾һȻ֪ˮ˭ͷţԷһλϵˡ
⻰ԶĺӴظϲ˸ĴָԶԶԣǼҴүϵĺù١
ڤθ˵˼䣬ֱӸĪ˻ȥˡ
Ҷϡ
쵽ˣǸܲڽлԼСӣڤֱӲõؿԷһԵĹٱ˵
ٱͷ֪Ʋֱܲ
ôˣɻµĲƻҪ֪λһھﶼһġ
һǣڤαֱúȥĸУ˵һ¡
ͷֱӳ᯸ȥˡ
ڤûйȥǸĪˣֱȥ˾
Ī˲õģѾȥˣڹ鹲¹һʱ䣬˽ԲǿռˮСӡ
ڤһԣΪ˲Ī˵ģֱ˵ˡ
Ī⻰ɵЦЦ֪ܲĻ󣬾֪Ǽٵˡ᯴˵İµһԶ㣬ҲݸĴ˼ң򲻻ݵġ
˶ԴýӵϸԲܻܲݵġ
ԭ㰡ڤβɵЦЦǲ֪ܲΪҪ˵ˡ
ĪЦЦһú󣬾Ͳ˵
ܲҪôǱƭˣҪôԼƭˡ
ھǣӽ£ҪеһСӣͱ֪ˣﻹֵõڰ



136 136
ȥ᯸š
᯸ŷſڵĺӣЩ⣬ɻؿԷ˭
С磬Ǹڤθ˵˺ӣ˴顣
ҽһ£˵һ¡
ŷ˲ʶԼ飬ȴ֪ڤ˭ġ
Ȼŷһ⻰úԵһ£ȥͨһ
ڤθˣ˵ǱȽ϶ģ᯸ŷ֮ǰҲܼ˵֮ǰүԸڤθͷǷ
ڼд֣ŹܼҵͨЩ졣
˽ɡ
ëʣڲ²⣬ڤΪʲôļأ
ӸŹܼҽȥ󣬲ûҿֱӽլĴ
飬˸񣬵飬СǸڤθ˼ҵСˣҼҴ˸Źܹȥ˾һλܲĵռϰյˮ
ҼҴ˱˹٣үԺ󣬾ȥܲңѾѺ˾ǣλܲڿ˵СӣҼҴ˲һѯһ¡
ʵľ˵һ£ܶ˶֪ԺҲȥġ
Ȼһ⻰ɫڳĲ豭˵ҵСӣ
ӹͷǵġ
վ˦˦ӣߣȥҵҪҺʱ˸ռնСӡ
ǳһֻһޣҶûС
ǲ֪ԼʱƾնһСӡ
ͷһԵ᯸ܼҲ漴Լү󣬳žȥˡ
ʱڤεѾھˣ֮ǰ˽һ·Ҳ˲ٵϰա
顣
ڤοԺ˸
鲢Ҹڤ֪ܲ϶ݣϾ漰ԷԻҪԷһ˵ġ
鹰֣ԶܲһҵСӣ
顣ĪҲˣŶԷ˸񣬶ǵģ飬ܲ
ܲǰ˾Ȼ飬һϲ밡飬С밡
ˣԷһģϾСÿǶԷİ檰
ǣֻһޣ壬޼ֻһ˸磬Сӣ
һһԣʮֲõ˵
һ⻰ˣСܲʶİ檰֮ǰ᯼ҵС檵İ
Сø̵˾İ
һ⻰һԵĪЦһ㻹һֱ˵ԼСӣôȥȫǵ˶ֻ֪һλˣκεҡ
ҲǾǲ˿еģɷأԷһֻһӣδй檵뷨Ƕ԰۰мӡ
ܲŵؿˣܣС˵ģԲƭҵġ
۾ڲˮС֮˵֣֪
Ҳ֪СøҶԷǹ顣
ʱܲҲЩŹˣЩ
ô£ѵƭ
ڤüͷ˿ˮǿ϶ð棬ͼƻٽֲкա
Īˣ飬¾ãҪϲ鳹飬һܲͿԿǼð˾Ļ죬ѹա
ڤܾһҪ飬ǽż֣˵һλġ
Īͬصͷ飬ֵ飬Ҿø˵¹ٻµģ󳹲¡
鵱ȻܾҲܺ棬˭ڼٽɻ£ȻƻҲԲŹԷ
ã鷳Īˡ
鳯Ī˹֣Ц˵
Ȼ飬Ȼˡ
Īæ˶Է˽ܲȥˣûˮʯ֮ǰöԷڴŰɡ
ڤκ˾ڤο飬᯴ˣ¹и뷨
뽲
鿴ڤΣЦ˵
ڤοԶˣҺֻܹżȥ뿴һˮģⲻ֪һһҶˣˮǷܹеڰϡ
˼Ҳˡ
֮ǰʵµʱҲˮͼֽȶһȥģˮֻǷѼľͷѣķʲô򣬿϶ʵġ
ÿ˶̫ˣԷĵȷġ
ȥתһת
ڤˣںԺȫҪˣټϹҲˣȥ濴һˡ
ͬĵͷǧ֮ʼ£ȥҲá
Էᣬȥطһ˵ʱֻÿһ˴һϲء
ڤЦЦˡ
Ī˽һȻ֪ԺǳĪ˳¡
ôʱ򣬸ڤҲ±ʾˣҪȥһҪЩطûʵλҲԶһ
Ѿ¶ˣů͵ʱˣҲҪũʱÿһô
ڸڤε뷨ھһԺҲͬˡ
ֻûøڤһ뿪Ǹ˶Էһղţ׸ŶԷһȥˡ
ڱºλ˿ڤξһ޸֮Ҫ·ʲô⣬ǿʧԴһͬ׸һ
ȻԷ׹ˣ֮ǰǸһ»Ƿǳġ
Ҫܹ֪ºλǵ뷨һǳȵģҪǿڤȭķӣͲöԷǸ޸֮ˡ
Ըµ˵ĵǣڤֻЦЦûоܾ
ϣ֪ڤΪղҪȥѲʱ򣬶һ£Ҫһ
Ǹڤһβûͬ⡣
һȥѲ飬ϼҴڵĻ̿϶ģСԲѾ˽ˣҲܴŶԷˡ
ϣϣͷİɣһ·´ţԲΣյġ
ڤ֪ϣԼİȫЦſο
׵书Ҳ㣬·ϾԲΣյġ
ϣﻹЩģ룬๫źӺӣڣҲܷһЩ
ЩҲһѧһЩȫҹ򣬶Ҹڤγ⣬һҪ˵ģҪԼŵùģҲǺõģȻҪмҪˣûˡ
ڤûоܾЦӦ£ãҴźӺǣСԲˣҪڼĵĻȥס
ڼϣһˣҲЩĵġ
ǶڣϣǵİȫҲǰĺܶࡣ



137 137׷ɱ
ڤκϣһЩԺʰˣԺͺ׳뿪ǣȥݸȥһ
ʵˣóʱҲ˸ڤһּöԷѲʱ򿴿ݸǷ̰
ڱı棬Ͼ̰ڰյĲкǳأڤһҲ⣬ԵʥϵƢǿЩ̰ģҲּּ֪ûи˵
ȥѲˮõһطһЩ̰飬Ҳ᲻ܵġ
֪ڤεԸҲԲ᲻ܣҲǸ𱣻ڤεİȫڶԷκξᷴԵġ
ѵ뿪ǣ黹ǲģȻڼϿΣǶԻǷǳˡ
´ǲǺܾöûˣоͦģеΡ
ڤε飬ʮֵɻԾ±ԼȥģҲȻȥŪˣ鵱Ȼ᲻ˡ
һ⻰ɵЦЦоͦģھˡ
Ǵ죬¶Ȼͦߵģ΢紵˵ůģ·һЩҰѾˣ´羰ãã鵭ȻҲͷǳˡ
һֻڣһЩڣԾͲҪŪˣǷǳġ
žͽԭ򣬸ڤαȴӾǸݸʼˣ˶ûи߸ݸĵٵģֻƵֱȥ˸䡣
ˮռʱڴ󲿷ֵĴ϶ҲˮģֻҪȥ俴һҲҪҪûдġ
һܵղж˱ºͼĸ֪ǲ֪ġ
ԭºϣ˶ΪڤκҲȥһ£û뵽˾Ȼûл
ûлȴִųž
д
¿ŸڤμĹţմŭֱӶһԵĹٴةͼλˡ
ڤθĴклҲһЩ̰֪Ҳֱ˾ȥЩץˣһʱ֮䣬ݸǳķণԼһСĳΪ˶ͷ̨ϵһԱ
ڸݸŵʱͬʱЩ⵽˭ڰв鿴֮ǰôһϢûаô֪ر˸ֲ
˿ղĻһĵģÿһط϶ȥӴģôʱ䣬ûκεϢ˸ֲŽйء
ʱڤκɽһƶϴŽˣڤνԼİҩóԷҩҺǴ˲ٵҩ
ȵŪ󣬸ڤνһԵմѪɴȫѵյˡ
׿ŶĻѣϣջҰޣҲܻ׷ǵ
ڤЦЦڰ֣İɣѾúӺӴһˣ֤ǿǵĻ⡣
棬Ҳλϵͳ潻һЩϾͷĶǷǳĲడҪλϵͳﶫ˵ˡ
ԣͷӦ£һ·֪˸ڤ̫棬Ҳ֪Էôණÿһǳã˵Ǿǵ
ϢһɣҸŪ㲹Ѫҩ
ڤοЩ԰׵ɫ˵
һ׷ɱǵˣе㱾°ҲǽçһѵصľˣڤܾЩԡ
ҡͷùһԵļʸǹһĨЦû£㿴ʸ
ʲôر𣿡ڤζЩĲ˽⣬ǿƺµģѲʲô棿
һ˿̣ⲻͨļʸǹټҵģּʸҵ£о˽
ڤˣףգգۣȻʲֻбһ𣿡
˵˲С
Ǳ¸磬ȶˣԱ˳˶յУ˵ǵı»ȽϺõģֻ֮ǰĴӣʮֵĴϻۣԷʲôе˼
֮ǰǱõģһηĲԾֱӵһ
֮ǰһ£ֻԼ棬û뵽һζԷ˾Ȼ׷ɱǡ
״ʲôƵˣֱһŽ߸˱£ξ㣬һ֪ġ
ڤȻĶһ£¿϶ģھͺúϢҸ㲹ѪҩȵˣǾͿԻؾˡ
ڸڤ˵һˣȥ˲ٵĵطԲ鿴ˮΪòΪϸϸҲ٣ڤο˵ǲٶİЩطģˮռĺܺãӣҲ
ةǽԺϵŭûɢ
ŶԷӣ˶һۣةǰһֵ£ϳǣʲô𣿡
¿ʮֵƿ϶Ǹڤκ׸żˣֻʲôöԷ˻Щ벻
µƢʵһֱͦģ¸ڤ֮ǰ˵˺̰ܶ飬ԷҲֻЩӣһǷǳİ
λ˿һɡ
ùĶݸˣ۾΢У¶Σյɫû뵽Ǻøıǲء
Ȼ֮ǰûϣԴȻʽλôԺҲҵҵ¶͵ԼһС˴£Լľϰһˡ
ǼȻѾǱˣλþעˣЩûٵǴ󱦣Ǿ˵λúûԵ֡
ǣĺø磬ȻΪԼĶӣı֮ġ
ǸֶҲȷʵܴϻۣڲż갡Ųʮ갡ѵԷͿԤǺӽһܺõı£
⡭ةĶǵʵ˺´û°ɣ
Ǵ󵨰ѵԷ֪ڤοǵı
ôĹ٣˭˾Ȼ֪ڤЩϡŹֵ뷨ǴģԷ뷨ֻҪ԰Ըһֻ۱һֻۡ
ҡҡͷ˵ˣڤû¡
аߣڤҲ书ģҲɱЩ⧲ȻĻ黹Ĳô򵥵ؽġ
˱µĻ˿һԵ۾΢Уֱվ£鲻ţϳΪǿ԰еһԷı֮ģҲ²ҪĴ
ĳǴ飬λĴĻӭľԲʲô顣
ദôʱ䣬Ҳ֪Ϊ˺ƣԴ󳼡ա˶ΪŻһ䡣



138 138֮
⻰ЦЦ´˲صǣǲĴġ
ȻµЦΧ˶ԵؿԷĲá
Ҳúõز˭Ϣòĵġ
Ͼ漰ңҲö죬ȴһ˿衣
˵ʵȻ¼λʱᣬǲò˵Էһܺõľ˭޶Է
ϰյǳĺã벻λߵܣǻӹ֮ˣҲôԸڶԷġ
λ뿪Ժ󣬱ֱԼİȥһǳУǶԷ׷ɱڤκ׵ĻҲǾԲ֪ĺø羹Ȼôహˡ
֪ĺø羹ȻĻλ֮ġ
Ժ󣬱ֱȥˡ
ȨܴҪ˭Ҳһѡ
ʱԶĸڤΣ˲ҩֱ׺ȥˡ
һһߣһ˻Щ죬˵ɽˡ
´磬ҩ˰ɡ
ڤװֱӵݸ˶Է
ǰںҩ׿Էҩò̫ҽԺĳ̫ҽİɣ
̫ҽΪ̫ҽԺĴβֶǷǳģǿҩرĿࡣ
ǵİڤЦŵͷЩɻ󣬡ôˣʲô𣿡
ǰרȥ̫ҽԺ̫ҽҩΪ˷ֹ
׳Ĭҡҡͷһڽǰҩ꣬æ˿۽Լ
״ڤһ£ЦЦ´磬ԭ¿డ
ҩȷʵǳĿ֮࣬ǰʱųˣû뵽׾Ȼ¿ࡣ
׿ӣεؽ͵Ҫǳ̫ҽҩĺܿࡣ
̫ҽҩֿൽһ֣СʱҲԹԷҩֱҪ̫Ѻȡ
ڤЦŵͷȻһԵĺӣӣ´װһࡣ
ȻҩҲ˷˵ġ
ͷװһݸԷ
ڳ˶Ǹڤκ׵ĸһƶҹ˳򣬱㿪ʼϢˡ
׳ҩԺҲЩˣڤεĶԷᷢȣҹҹ˾һЩҪǷ׷ˣһҪſԡ
׵ʻ㲻ڳҩԺϢһϣڶɫͷǳˡ
֮ǰڤνſŪһסҹɫȫ˵ע⣬ҲǿģһﶼϢĺܺá
ΪԷһСΪ
ڤŽ˵
֮ǰ׷ɱǵȺ˲֪û뿪ɽҪȥĻСĵġ
׵˵ͷֱӳɽȥˡ
֮ǰǴϱģΪԷһһδﶼǴȥġ
ڵطɽﶼɽɽϲûסˣֱɽˡ
֮ǰڤκ׸µּ棬Ѿɽ˵һ¡
ԭɽҲûָ̫ͣãû뵽ﾹȻһ档
ڽϱû뵽Ȼ̽ӣҲǱ׷ɱԭ
Ȼˣ鲻Ǳ»ǣưոݵġ
ðȥԺ󣬷ȻƤӵ˺ܶ飬֮ǰ鱻жԷֱʡ
״ˣֱӽԷٽֱȥΧˡ
ǵ鸵ڤκײ֪Ҫľǰȫ뿪ɽ
𲻵κεãֻҪˣɽȻҲͽˡ
һʮֵĵ͵ɽҲȽϴӣ˳뿪һֱӳžǱȥˡ
´㶯ĻҪھǺһЩ
û뵽ȥǵ·ϾȻɱķڸڤκ׶Ӧˡ
С壬֡
Ǽۣһ·ʱھ뾩ǻٶ๫ʱۡ
Է˲ٵˣ׵ļҽ
ۡ
׿Ժ˿
ۼæǰ϶ˣ˹һ¡
а˰
ڤ˿һԵڿԺ󣬾Ȼֱӻȥˣŵһ
С˻ûãһ·׷ɱô
ڤβ֪Ϊʲô·˲ۣһ·һֱڻԷûãһ·۳Ͷٵģۣƾͻȥˡ
ͷֱӾ͵شôװ
˵ҲɣҲ֮ǰ˽̸ĳ̫ҽ
½δãˣѪʧ
̫ҽ󣬱㿪ҩץҩˡ
̫ҽҲѰ
ۼؿ˸ڤβӴɴ˵
ڤһ⻰ҡͷòãЩСˣͲͷ̫ҽˡ
֮ǰ׺ҩӣ֪ԷץҩܿˣҩֹҩԼԾͿˣȫҪ̫ҽ
ⲻС۳̫ҽ̫ҽԺĺ֣ѰȻĻһ˻ȥǿ϶ᵣĵġ
ôҲû뵽ڤκ뾩󣬾Ȼ顣
֮ǰһֱɱ˵ģʵûбץԾͰ˽Ҵǵĸڤκˡ
ڤӣЩֳҪϣϣ֪ˣ϶۵İɣ˺ҩԺԼ۽ɡ
´ԺִһӣֱӸڤοҩ
лл̫ҽˡ
ڤοŶԷҩԺ󣬵л
̫ҽЦԼĺӣڰ֣ʲôģ˺½ˡ
֮ǰŭڵ飬Ƕ֪ˣ֪ڤκڻؾ;бϴɱԺ󣬱±۴˹ˡ
ȵȣۣ书
ڤεȵ̫ҽ뿪ͻȻһ飬ŵؿԷ
Цŵͷǰûи˵𣿡
С͸ѧ䣬ڤЦҡҡͷˡ
Է˵˼䣬ȵڤκҩԺ󣬱ֱӻصԼúϢһˡ
ǿģڼϸڤףӣҪϢҲȵˣԸڤʮַĵشλϵͳ
ԴӽԺٻˡ
һǵԼᱩ¶ǾûʲôҪһıҪ
˶һһЩˮҩֽȶڤҲûжһʲôˡ
ԼĶȥڤ֮ǰ׵ʱǶһЧҩˣͣϢֱӰԼİȥծˡ
ϣݸģ֮ǰϣҲдһţöԷ׼һЩоͰ
ŪԺ󣬸ڤδ˸ֱϴϢˡ
һ·̫ˣˣҲûѹˣԺúϢˡ



139 139ؼ
·һ죬ڤκ׵ľ񶼺˺ܶ࣬ɫҲһЩټϳ̫ҽҩȷʵǳĲ˵˿Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
۶˵ϵˣҲýصǸ·ʱ򣬶ûˡ
ڤκ͸ڤκ֪ԷΪԼãҲûзԣ˵һ·۳Ͷ٣ڤξǺüˡ

ڤֱ棬ĺܣ㹻ŵģƥţҲˣҲȫ
ŶԷյӣײɵЦЦ˴λؾʲô㣿
ڤ룬ʱҲûʲô㣬Ѿвñ˽ɽĽ֣һο˲ٵˣٲôٺ»ڼúϢϢ
һ·ϣǲûˣôҲҪнݼٸʮµİɡ
Ҳûʲô飬һƬ̫ƽ¶ŪˣҲʡģð
ŶԷֱ׳˵⻰һҲȣܸڤεķ񣬶Էӵġ
ò˵ǻȥԺȷʵҪúϢһˣ˯þҲֻиճǼˣʱҲ˯òá
꣬˶ˡ
ŻؼҺĸϸһʮۣ׾һ·úòһ뿴ܹӡ
ۣһ·Ҳ̫ƽģ˵Ҳ˴ɱЩ˸ˡ
ܿ죬һ˱ֱӵ˾ˡ
´磬ۣȻȥɣҼȥˡ
ڤγӻ֣ʲô´磬Ҹ¸٣˵ҰδúúϢ
ɰѸڤۻˣϰ˦ƹĸڤλЩϰߣôõĻúϢȻܾġ
һԳ˳ǣûü˵ʲôһԼСصͷˣöԷ塣
һ·Ҳ֪˲ףҲû˵ʲôֱӴ׻ȥˡ
ڼһ죬ڶֱӽˡ
ڤǴźӺˣؼˡ
ûлؼңڤţҲ֪ԼûԷ֪СԲǳСӳûС
ķķˡ
СԲԺ棬ˣһȥ
Ѿ׼ӭӶӵĸڤζһ£ɵЦЦȥ
ϣڿ˱СԲĻ˵ıʶԾضһ£վȥ
ǰĸڤΣϣ۾΢죬Է΢죺๫ˡ
겻ڤΣϣŶԷֻöԷ˺ˣһ˺ܶĿࡣ
Ȼ֪ʲôǳ֮ǰѪϴ飬ϣв²͸ڤйϵġ
ϣϣһˡ
ڤοŶԷЦЦֱ˵
ϣصصͷֱӱ˶Է๫ڻ˰
ڸڤθ뿪ʱСԲǳϰߣڶԷҲдŻ˵˼֮顣
һλ𣿡
СԲӡڤλæģһ뿪꣬Ҳ֪Է߲ˡ
ڤЦЦֱӽԷˣڼСԲòã
СԲصصͷЦŵá
һԵĺӿŸڤεľٶԥһ£ǵүСˡ
ڤ֮ǰȻҲҩϵ˻ûȫãֱСԲӵĶԷ˿˺ѿǾ鷳ˡ
СԲ๫ϻˣ
ϣһӵӣ֪ڤ֮ǰϵ˲ᣬȥ򡣡
õģϣϣû£ˣ֮ǰ̫ҽҩġŶԷӣڤ˵
ϣǲģҲٵȥ˴
ȻСү˵ˣǻĴһү˿ڡ
ϣ֪ڤ˺ۼˣŶԷȥ๫˿۲۰ô˰
û뵽Լ๫ȥˣȻˣһۡ
ûˣѾõĲˡ
ڤЦЦǣһСԲ֣ȵˣٱСԲòã
ԭӦø׽׽ģһˣ֮ǰһ¶Էǣˣ˵ͦ۵ġ
ãúˣѾˣñˡ
СԲҡҡͷĵؿڤΣ󻹸Է˱ˮ
ɵСԲڤЦЦԷԷͷڼҵʱСԲûķĻ
ġСԲԹԵصͷظԼҵһԷڼҵ顣
뿪ȥ˴򣬻ĺܿ졣
ƽϢһ΢΢ЩϢһԸڤΰָԷ˷ӡ
Է֮ǰг̫ҽڣټϴñȽϼʱҲûʲôƽעЩͿˡ
ϣϣѾˣз𣿡
ڤԼЩĶӣ˵
ϣŷӦóϲˡ
˾ˣ׼ԣû뵽ڤλˣøˡ
ʱԵķˣڤʮָĳ˺ܶ࣬վͺãڻĽҰĺóԶˡ
ȻҲްûôĵϣζȻҲõȥġ
๫Ա𣿲㡣
ϣʲô˷ֱֻгԱ˲ſԡ
ڤЦҡҡͷˣҳԱˣȥϴϢһ¡
Ȼϻ϶ûԼ
ϣͷԷ׼·
ŶԷϴ˯󣬸Էӣȥˡ
һ·Լ๫˰
ڸڤλˣϣҲһЩȥҺļͨһԷ
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͸ڤһ׻ȥ¼ҵҲǳĸˣ֪Է˺󣬵ļˣæ
˵Ѿ̫ҽѹˣ̫̫ǻǲġ
ƽص˾ǣٵ˼Ҷ֪ϢҲ˿
ڤο϶ڼúϢˣʱȥҶԷ
֪ȥҸڤԺ˵
֮ǰڤο˵ˣԷҪڼúϢģҽԷջ϶Ǻͼһۣȥ˷á
⻰ŷӦˡ
ڤһ˯úȵʱѾһʱԺˡ
򡣡
С֪ڤλ󣬱ֱӸ˽Ӹ˼١
ڤʱ򿴼˶ԷɵЦЦ˳Էͷ

ԺǣڤҲæ˸
ЦЦŸڤһۣĵʵϣϣ˵ˣɺЩˣ
һˣҲܿ˰Ŷ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ
ڤЦŵͷѾõĲˣõġ
Լģ˳̫ҽҩټһʱ䣬ûʲôˡ



140 140޻
ڤڼϢ죬ͱٽȥˡ
֮ǰڼϢһ죬ͽ֮ǰ˵һ£Աˣûøڤν
ŸڤӦҲõĲˣֱöԷˡ
ڤڳ緹󣬱ֱӽˣ²ѯʶԷڰһ顣
ڤνԱֱȥݼˣ¿ԺЦЦѯһ״
Ͼ֮ǰڤ˵飬ҲǴӳ̫ҽǱ֪ģԲŻöԷڼ졣
ڤοű¹е۹⣬ɵЦЦֵл¹ģ΢ѾûʲôѾȫˡ˳̫ҽҩȥԺ˿ںõĺܿ졣
ʲټϣÿ춼һЩҩҳ̫ҽҽҲǳģԷҩ˿ں
ŶԷȷʵûʲôҲ˿Ȼ󲢸ڤδȻûʲôűȽϺһЩ
֮ǰİ꣬׶Ƿǳģ¿ڤΣʱˣҪһ£֮ǰ¼ҵ¹ֵǸҲˣֻЩ׻Ķкã
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⻰ڤˣ޻Ȼˡ
ЦЦڤοԷ£Ǹ޻֯·ɱ죬ܺãҸܱůϰõ鲼һľ˿ͽУ鲼޻һ㣬û˿ͽô󡣡
ҵרڤҲ޻μӹģЩ֯Ĺˡ
£޻ҪǶ죬޻·ǳůͣԹЩоʿ޻ᣬкظУҲӰʿǴס
ڵĶ춼ǳ䣬޻ڻůͺܶ࣬ͬʱ޻ϰ˵ҲǷǳůģڴϻ˯ʱ򣬸Ŷǳů͵ġ
ȹʱ䣬ҸŪһЩޱ֪ˣǳů͡
⻰ЦЦͷãǾͽˣǰ׻ĶСֲЩҲϲá
Ȼڹ泤ģЩϰճԵˮѽЩʶģһڲֲЩȴǲϵõġ
ҪЩˣõĻʱһ˵ͻỵΪ˷ֹ֣²Żἱæøڤν
ڤδʱҲ֮ǰһЩͺףЩλϵͳǱ߶һģʱ䣬ˡ
ڤֱӵ£ֵЩǿԳԵģҲܸߣӦҲ˵һĶصĻЩԲٽŪĺõĻ߰˰ٽҲǲġ
ִһĶضŪǧǶڿƼȽϵµĹŴ˵ҪеˣټִʲôЩŴȴֻ˹ʣûлЩ˸ڤξٽҲͲ߷ˡ
Ͼ֮ǰЩϰյĵճҲٽõʱİ٣õʱҲһٽǲˡ
ڤ˵ЩѣЩǿԳԵģ
ԭЩʲôģû뵽ȻǳԵá
ЩȷʵܸߣпգǱȥһɡ
֮ǰ˵ЩҲֻ˵ģǲûеڼڤ˵Բٽ»ǷǳԾġ
רũ򣬱±ֱӴԷһȥһ
ڤβûоܾ֪Ϊʲô˼׻˵ĺãʳΪ죬ׯճɺˣϰյҲùܶࡣ
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¸ڤκũһˣֱȥۡЩ˾ڸԴҲܽڤúȥۣһԼԴ
Ķ԰вһҲǺԶȵ۵Ժ˱ֱ߹ȥˣû
ڶھĵؽŸڤûڣҲʲôãֱӷڵؽ
һԵСǽؽĶŪһЩڤοűõɵЦЦһԣʮңڲž¶࣬ʱû죬ȷʵѾճˡ
ڤΣҰ˵ģ·ݰŪˣĻûŪ
۶Ǽǵ֮ǰڤ˵ʱģڸڤҲˣȥһ
ڤЦŵͷȥһ׾Կˣڶڲֲģ棬Ҳᰭ£ȸԵ
ҲԸڤ˵ĶȤһŲ˸ط˴档
ӣЩڤοŲ׸ߵף˵
Ӻӵ˵ͷʼȵʮԺ󣬸ڤαͣˡ
ףǿԳԵġڤһһһߵĵȵʮһѮſڳǸ˵һ
ŵؽﱣĺܺãûзѿܳԡڤΰһ£Ϊñ¸ֱ۵ظܵڤһЩףֱȥԴ
ֱ۵ĸܾǰһű⣬˱ȥ˿ջĹǷǳõģټϿջҲгóһ£ȻڤλѲǵġ
Ϊ׵ϣΧĻЦЦﵹ档
˵ţ±ֱתתˮԶҾȻбȹͰõĶ
ͬʱﻹиɳĶò˵ͦġ
ڤμºϲĶֱԵϲɳȥһй֣ô
±Ͼǧ֮ýȥĻǲãù罻йֵЩˣҲˣֻҪڤһЩ˹Ҳ֪ôˡ
Ǹá
²ûоܾɳȷʵͦģҪǹˣҲԸ̫ͻʺŪһƽɹɹ̫Ƿǳů͵ġ
رڶʱ棬ҹ涼Ū˲͵ůġ
ű죬ڹļල֮£׵ĳʳˡ
ˣ鷳ǽһ°ɡ
¿ǰĲʽЦ˵
ЩҲϵãֻøڤˡ
ڤֱЦЦ£һ˽˿ɫҸոȥ
űڵĶǷǳģ˸ڤҲ밤һ飬ŸҸԷвˡ
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ϾٵˣµȻԼһ˳ԶʳĶֱӶ׼һˡ
ôĲˣһҲǳԲġ



141 141֯
³һظо˲ζ
ܺóԡ
Цŵͷ󰤸ÿһĲʽԳһ
ڤҲ˳ִȻζĺóԣԼ֮ǰִҪóԶˡ
ȵжһԺ󣬱·ĿӣһԵĸڤΣЦЦˣζҲԣʲôʱֲ
ֻϰնˣǿԵİ
ÿĶؾͿٽĲǷǳġ
ڤЦЦھͿֲˣȵ·ݣͲԳˡ
Ǻãͽͳ´ˡ
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´Ӧ£Щ
û뵽ô˻ˮŪ⣬Ȼֱһģ
ڤЦӦ££ҳĳʳ
ײرʱףɲҪ̫óԡ
ⶫʵ۵ʱҲܳԣǳ𣬿ϧʱûлǸˡ
ڤξЩϧȻĻʱرĺóԡ
һ⻰һԵı²ɵЦЦһҪһֻǿǲ֪ζôˡ
ڤЦЦһЦЦζǲģһ
׵ĶĥģȻĻ۵ʱһһǷǳóԵġ
³һЩЦЦЩϰ˵ǷǳģҲܸߣڴ˵Ƿǳġ
ڤͬЦЦȷʵģֻܷڴʱ֣ڲܲˣһֻһ
ЦЦֲϰҲǿԵġ
ڤͬصͷȵʱĺˣʱͿԽֳˣҺζҪãܹܶʳ
ڵĺûг죬ȵһʱſջġ
޾͵źˡ
ЦЦȵʱٳһ
ڤЦŵͷ΢ͺͳ´һֲ
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ҪܹջôĶ´ľÿԽƹİ
ڤЦŵͷűµݱȽԲûԴ̫ãֱӻعˡ
ȵ뿪Ժ󣬸ڤοۺͳ´ˣۣȥΪʲô
ھջҲͻ¶ѣҲ֪ڵĺˡ
ЦЦһؿڤΣ֮ǰ˵Ǹĺܺó𣿡
֮ǰڤ˵ģĻͦԡ
֮ǰԵǸҲζҲʺ˳ԡ
ڤЦЦóԵģұóԡ
ڳԺóԵģǿģرĺóԣ̵ġ
۵ͷһֱȥһºĵط
֮ǰֺ׺ʱ򣬸ڤ۶һЩĻԺܹŪһЩ磬ſԼ֡
ȵ˺ĵطԺ󣬸ڤαߺӺڳΪһ߸ߵ棬һںľԺľͽЩڳˡ
ڤξòˣͣ֡
Ǻ𣿡
ۿǰʵЩаƳҳûͦԲġ
ڤֱһȻóԼذײ˲һ㣬һ
ȻģҲǿԳԵģǳ
ĺҲ̵ζ̽ԵسһڣȻɴ۾ЦЦζ̵ġ
ڵĺûдﵽȫʱ򣬵ѾǳСˣò˵⾩صطǷǳģȻҲСģСĻҲָȻҲǺܴ
ڤοǰĺЩĥһôŪŪ硣
źҲ󣬸ڤû˳ζȵٳҲ
ںûǺܴ󣬸ڤŵʮһѮʱٰڳʱŲˡ
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ڤοһԵĳ´ˣЦ˵
׻˵úãҵרĲУǳ´ȷʵⷽרҡ
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ҺרŵũµĲţȻĻԼһ˵Ļ϶ǲеġ
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ںӵ˵ʲô飬ũҲǺһ׵ġ
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Ҫڤ׼һӣһԼŪЩһԣ͵ǳʡ
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ڤλĲ֪ЩҪôӣȥҲȥλϵͳһ飬´ǱҪʲôˣҲܰһЩ
飬ڤũ²ܡ
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ũ²˹ְǺܺãڹϽģƽ︵ڤλû飬ʹչˡ
ڤЦŸ´˴˸´Ѿȥˣ
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СԲСҲǵһμĶĨġ
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ϰ˵ѵģ޻һж˵ˡ
СԲƶǶصͷһԵĸڤֱӽԷߣ飬СҲҿһ
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۰СæЩʲô֮ǰֵЩ𣿡
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Եģһ£ԷҲģ֮ǰںԺţھʹ鱾ũˡ
˵ЩǶԷԸء
ǳԵĺЩô֮ǰԹùˣ
鲢ûмЩĲ²⣬ۿ϶Ǽġ
Цŵͷˣ֮ǰ³ʱڤθŪһΣЩԵζȷʵҪĶܸߣǸ޻ʱ֪ôõģѾ͵ڤεĸˡ
ԭ³ȥ
Ȼصͷץס˵ĹؼʣĶܸߣܴﵽ٣
룬ÿ඼ٽɡ
ٽסˣҲãһΪǧء
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֮ǰڤθӿɶǴλϵͳһģջȻǷǳ˰ҪýĹŪĻܾûôˡ
ȻУСһŪͿˣǸΪΪĴ飬ú
֮ǰһֱ⣬ҲǸŸڤһģȻũ¿ƺܼ򵥣ȷʵѵģЩҲв룬Ҳй͵ġ
ʱǾã۵ŸڤһҲ˲ٵ
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¼ұλͲҲֻǽѡ
ɶ˵ԼҶЩǺܸ˵ġ
Լҵ˵ӣӣҲû˵ʲô
ȵҵ˽޻ŪԺÿһ涼ķǳĸɾһණ
ûʲôʶ֯ĺְ
ڤοǰװ׵ļ޻ֱȥĸ
ⱻĻǻŪã֯ЩΪˡ
ҪҲʹ÷֯ЩȻĻĿһԡ
ѽ֯ĸ룬һ֣˵һʶһ֯ˡ
ܲͷһ˰æ
ڤҲû취ûһǻ֯ģֻˡ
ȻˣΪ˱ڼ䣬ҲֻǻóһЩ޻Էֻ޻ȴ֪ʲôѡ
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ڤεͷӦ£ŶԷˡ
˲ӣĸһӹˡ
ڤΣҸոո˵Ǯ㡣
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ǮӺáڤι˹ֱ֣ӵոҪǡ
ڤν֯˵һ£ȻˣԷԸĻҲǲǿģȵ˵ԺǮЩԥֱӵԿµĶҲЩȷġ
֮ǰڤ˵µĶ֮ǰŪ鲼ֻ޲Ĳ֪ܲŪ
޷ӿԿ
ڤЦҡҡͷʱǲǿģԷŪĻҲǲΪѶԷ
֯ڤѾ׼ˣǮ޻Կ
ѾˣڤֱԷڼס£ͬʱҲŵǷܹŪԷʮıꡣ
ʮھƺ㲻ʲôǶǮϰ˵Ƿǳġ
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ڸڤεѾˣҲ˲òȥְʱˡ
ڤΣɺЩˣ
ѰԼҺְˣɵЦЦĵʵ
ڤЦЦöˣ֮ǰӳҼҵʱͺõĲˡ
ֻǽ˵úڼϢϢѡ



142 142ȥԻ
ڤ˺ԺõĲˣҲ˿
Щ㲻ڵʱŪã㿴ô
֮ǰڤ뿪ˣҲûţǸݸڤǵСʾһһŪˡ
ڤοǰĶɵЦЦλ˰ǳãҪǴ¸ѮûµĻȥԴľ̳Է
֮̾ǰĸԴĻ꣬ζǳĲټȫôһңھҲǳ
Ȼ֮ǰҲģ£ζһֱ޷Խ̣ϾǸڤξĵƵζټİѹأ̵ĻϣǷǳóԵġ
ˣڤҲѧϰִֶΣѵһĸߵС˺ѾߣרΪŵĿ˷
ðǿɾͲ˰
ѰŴƺЩԥٿڤθԼ˸Ц˵
֪ڤҳԳԷҲþһۡ
ԷһֱûںԺҲɱȥˣȻԷɳȥģʱҲҪǶԷڵĻ˵ٶȿԸһЩء
Ȼ˶ô˵ˣҲˡ
ǰǰ˵⾮̵ζرĺˣҪúóһ
ʵǴҲȥ̳ԹģҲþûȥˣڼȷʵҲԽԽˣȥһȺĻҲͦġ
ڤЦЦãǾô˵ˡ
ƢԶԺҲ٣Ƕڸڤ˵Ǯ㲻ʲôġ
ȵϻȥʱ򣬸ڤξ͸ĸ˵һ£öԷһ콫¥İȫճֱӴ˾Ϳˡ
Ȼ˶ˣ׻˵úãֵˣЩҲǷֳɵģԵҲֱӴֳۡ
ôǲԿġ
ĸ֪ڤҪͬųԷӦ£רõСֽ¥״ɨһжһ£Ҫκε©ˡ
ȵѮٵʱ򣬸ڤԼͬѰΰӳһԴȥˡ
飬ûдҾġ
ԵĻֱڼҲǷǳģζԺ;һģһġ
⾮̵ζǺü˰涼ŵζ
ΰһɵЩ
֮ǰڽԴʱΰҲڸڤεһɣ𿴲εĲ࣬ÿµǲٵġ
ΰ˽ǮҲǲٵģֻ󲿷ֻǰ˽ǮԼҷ˵ġ
꣬ӳΰѰ½ɻˣҷҲС
ȷʵǳ
ѰЦЦߣȽȥɡ
֮ǰҲǳԹģڴҲԴ˼ҷֵ꣬ҵƹģÿµҲǷǳġ
˽ȥ󣬸ڤαֱӸСˣҪֱȥͿˡ
֮ǰڤҲԺ˵ˣֻҪֱӸС˵Ϳˡ
ڸڤ¥¥ĵСֱȥ˲赹ˮˡ
Ϊ˸õķÿһ¥Ŀˣÿһ¥㶼䱸һʮֵķ㡣

ڤڰţͻȻĸˡ
ĸЦЦһҪЩʲôҪÿһЩ
һθڤ˿ɲ٣Ժʮء
һɡ
ڤЦЦˣ֮ǰľӦÿԺ˰ɣһݹ
ÿһ궼ƣڤζᶣǵõģѾƺŶãһա
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ʱҾƵĻǾ͵ʱҾơ
Уһ˸
ЦЦС˺úýӴ¥Ŀǡ
ȵ뿪ѰɵЦЦԭҲѾư
ǰרŷȵġ
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ӳЦŵͷȷЩͬϲȣе˿ܸϲҾơ
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˻û룬ҲûгԷֻǳСʳһ졣
⾮̵ĻҼõİ
ǰǰС˺ѾźҲá
Դǲҿĳʳ̲أҿҲͦġ
ﶼ֪Դ֮ǰ¼ҵŪãֻǲ֪лռһ󲿷֡
ÿͽˮˣҲǷǳġ
ڤû뵽ﾹȻ֪бµĲ룬ɵЦЦҲֻ۵ĹͣԴ󲿷ֿɶǱµģÿ¶дͽġ
˵ףȻĻڤλĵǣ˻ĺ̨ھǴء
ԭбµĲ밡
ѹ֮ǰҲŹϢ
Ҿ˵ôõĻᣬôܲ밡
ԭ֮ǰ̧ӽ⣬Դ˰
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ȷʵСﻹ𣿡
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ȻƽҲȾƣڤŨģ黹ߵľƿǲġ
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ڤЦӦ£Щǲģ֮ǰԼźȵģ͸һЩ滹һЩ
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ȻȲǼĴ󣬵ӣǷǳġ
ˣӦѿˣҲѿ
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ޱıףйֵ˵⣬ǳ򵥡



143 143̫ҽԺ
ڤδӹԺ󣬱ֱȥˡ
֮ǰͱ˵޻飬֮ǰ޻вٵӣֲȥˡ
ֻֻžǸȵũоеԺ˿ʼֲ
֮ǰ޻в٣ڤ˼ޱϵõĶһЩ
ڿǰޱЩ죬رʮֵ
ȷʵʮֵ
·˿ǰޱЦ˵
⻹ǵһμĶأ˵ͦġ
ͬصͷ֮ǰС˵Żرһһ̫̫͹ȥ
Уġ
·ЦӦ£ޱʮֵĺʵǵĻһرġ
ڸڤںԺְڲԾȶѾˣĻҲм¾Ҫʼˡ
ֻЩڤβҪȥģЩȥĵģҪģϼһ£Щˡ
ʲô
СԲѧԺ󣬷Լҵдʲôشȥˡ
ڤοŶԷһɻӣɵЦЦԷССԲѧ˰
뿪ԺһЩҲûʲô飬ںԺҲֻǿѣУУЩʷϡ
ѽСԲصͷԼҵдĶСüͷдҶʶ
ڻСʶֲ࣬ڤЩдֱȽʲݣʶҲġ
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ڤԷСǣȥ
ϣʱǰЦЦ๫ԳԷˡ
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СԲһ⻰Цˡ
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˵һСԲҲ㹻ˡ
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ڤιֱ֣ӽȥ̫ҽˡ
̫ҽ˸ڤεԺ󣬲ɵЦЦ֮ǰ˵ĶǶˣֻ;Щǻ֪
ЩһĿȻؾͿԿʲôˣЩȷʵ׵ġ
ڤЦЦŶԷŸķȥ
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̫ҽΣ֮ǰ֪ʲôģˡ
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̫ҽԺҽһ߹ЦЦȷʵв˲·ˣҲţ̧ˡ
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ڤγŶԷ˸ҽѾСˣʮˣ̫ҽ˵Ͳ󣬺̫ܶҽǵʵû취ʱ򣬲ŻѡˣϾԽԽġ
ǵܡ
ڤָһԵĵĹϵͣһߵǲǿ
Щ̫ҽԺҹˣջǷǳģľ˵Ǻѡ
ԭǸİ
Կ棬ȷʵ
˵Żͦõġ
ڸڤŪʱΧһԵ̫ҽҲԽԽˡ
ȷʵͦõġ
ҽͬصͷԼɻ󣺡ˣȻЩǲȥЩ˶ڼ棬òЩİ
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Ǹλãе˼ҪģȷʵЩҪ
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֮ǰҩѾǺܴľϲˣû뵽һθڤε⾹Ȼǹǵġ



144 144ٻļҴ
ڤʵдˣֻ֮ǰȽ϶࣬ûüȥ
Ȼҽˣ϶Ҫ˵һ˵ġ
ҽǰǳĲȷʵǳĲҲȽϼ򵥡
ǹģ֮ǰҲ˵ѡ
ڤЦЦȷʵ˵ģֻЩ;ȷʵʺϷͥ棬ǻطһģ
ڴﶼԺһѷģҪĻǿ϶ǲõġ
Уġ
ҽЦӦ£Է˱ˮ
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ˣ˵ĺܺãʵʩ̫ˡ
ҽԼĺӣԷĴͬ˼ȷʵܲ˵Ƿǳõģ̫ˡ
ȲҪٵĴҽʦҪڸطһסĵطͷǳѵġ
һϰܹõҩ;ԲסȥģϾҿ϶ҪǮ
ϰյҶ̫ҪǶ໨ǮǾԲеġ
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ڤҲ֪һС飬Ҫʵÿ˿׵ĻһصԶ鰡
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๫Ҳþûлˣ˵翴
ļҺҶ˲ǮھҲٹܣҵؼȥߣؼҹꡣ
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Լٽ壬ŪһЩ
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СԲǼǵ֮ǰļҴģϾǻѾӡˡ
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ڤѾڴˣȵ鶼ˣȵСԲˣͿԴǹˡ
֮ǰˮ·ˣһ·ﶼǳ
ڤκϣͿ濴飬壬Ƿǳ⣬һҲ
ȵļҴʱѾʮһѮˡ
ļҴ˿ڤǾȻˣҲˡ
ڤεլӾ㳤ʱûסǷǳɾġ
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СԲҲǰ§סԼҵ̣Ž˵
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ĸСԲɰСģԷЦӦˡ
ڤεլӺܴһЩˣǿ㹻סġ
ϣϣȥɽתת
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ھ治ȱԵģպܺãҰζǺܾûˡ
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ڤЦӦ£ã֪ˡ
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Ҳȥ
СԲ֮ǰɴûȥɽ棬ȻСȥûдԹˣлˣȻҪȥˡ
С
ڤΰסǵȥȥͻ´ٴȥҪǲĻǾͻؾǡ
Сӣڤοֵġ
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СԲͷЩ˵
ˣԱȻؾȥԸȥɽԣڼš
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ȻӷǳĴҲܺѧҲڸǲġ
Уһ
һӣڤЦ˵ֱȥɽˡ
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ȻڤǺüûˣ˻ϵǣ·ϿڤԺ󣬶Է
ڤҲܺһһӦš
Ĵ󲿷˶ǲģƢҲãڤβԷദ
ټϸڤǴΨһһƿϵģһ˹ٵˣ˶ٻЩηġ
ڤΰռ·ߣһֱɽȥ
ѾǶˣɽҶҲĲˣɣڽ·
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ڤƵسɽȥҰҰöˣڤҲûھ׽һֱɽȥ
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֮ǰɽŪ˲κ֥Ҳˡ
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ɽ¶ƫһЩͬʱҲкܶĺö
ڤ֮ǰûɽ̫ãͬʱҲûժ̫ĶһˣûҪֶ顣
ʱһ紵ڤο˿ֱӴλϵͳ
ָұӵķܶࡣ



145 145ɽ
ʼɨ衣
λϵͳڴԺ󣬸ڤαֱӿɨϵͳ
ɽĶǷǳģΪɽ޼ǱȽΣգٻ˽ġ
ɽ󲿷ֵĶǱһַǳԭʼ״̬Ҳûбɹ
ǰ״һ˲һš
Ϸһ״һֻһٽҰ
Ϸһ״һűһ֥

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֥ҰӦҲЩðɡ
ڤֱȥϷȻһֻڿ֥Ұ
⿴ۡ
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ֻҰ֥ķϣǰ׽˰ɡ
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ڤһţֱӽԷιȥˡ
ӽԷˣֱȥˡ
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ɽĶҲûڣԼҲһЩϾɽһҲ
һʱڤһͷҰֱɽˡ
ҰԸڤαֱӻȥˣ˳·ʱֻҰֻҰӡ
ۣ
СԲǰҰҰҰС
һԵСҲЦЦСԲССԲҸ㽲ʼʱ򰡣ͺܻԵġ
ۣС˾ˣԸҽһ𣿡
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СԲδ֪ͦġ
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СҰȻ֥
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Ҫ֥ǻֵ飿
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ĸȽϲϣ˵ӣʱСԲڣͼס˻顣
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ڤ֪Сʲôʵ£ÿһСԲĻᾡشԷġ
СԲ˵ͷˡ
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Ĵһ˵ҰȻ֥ʮֵ棬ۡ
֥ģҶ˵ܺãȻҰ֥ˣڳҲǲֵİɡ
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ȻҰ֥ζҲûʲôͬ
СԲϸƷһؿԼҵ˵˵
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ڤЦЦĲԸðգֻԼء
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ںԵ˲֥Ҳͦõġ
һժ˲٣ԹԵġ
ЩǺöӦðɡ
ϣʱǲҪ壬˲κ֥ǷǳĶҪǾôˣǿϧ
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ڤӦ£Ҳû˵ʲô§ŶԷ˯ˡ
ļҴӣǷǳġ
糯һִӵĸоȻڤھҲͦɵģǺļҴ廹ǲһġ
峤֪ڤһҪļҴ꣬Ǻܸ˵ġ
ȻڤЩûлÿʱ򣬶ġ
ӣ¿ԽԵ˰
ڤθַӵ˱ԼƵѾƣЦ˵
ַЦЦԼĺӣ˵ôš
ַҲ˽ˣƽȺȲ裬תת壬ζġ
СĻ
峤Ҳھƣ̾ѾƻƵĺúȣŪǸйɬɬζ
֪ѿѾƣ峤ҲŪģζȴûиڤŪúá
ڤЦЦҪҪѾƵĻҲˡ
ֻҪǸڤλģҲϻˡ
үٴˡ
ٴѾԭصسƾҪϵһˡ
ԷڵʱΪ룬¶ٷӡǷǳġ
һ⻰ڤ˵ٴ˽
ŸڤпˣַӺʹ峤ǳʶȤ뿪ˡ
ٷ󣬳Ÿڤι֣ˣþò
ٴˣ̫ˡ
ڤγŶԷ֣롣
ϲ͵ģȻˡ
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146 146ٷ
ٷһԣڤοŶԷЦЦٴҲʧԶӭԭŹЩȥԭذݷء
ԭٷ֪ڶԷκԭε֪زһãûдԭص飬֮ǰ鱾ĩãԱ±ֽٷԭء
ٷ˵ȷʵõģҲ֪ǨԱУٷ֡
ֱӽԷ棬ҲǽԷЩĹҵ
˿ˡ
ٷЦЦǰҽӵ˱µּ⣬ЭŪµũƷ֣һ渵˽
ǿǺ°ٴ˵İһܹá
ڤһ⻰һϲֵйϲٴ˰
ˣӦ鰡
ٷҲǺܸ˵ģû뵽Լתתô꣬Ҫİ
һν϶Ǻ£ٷ滹Ǻܸ˵ġ
ٴ˲õģȻµؾǣǿ϶Ҳǿٵѡ
ڤξã²֮ǰĴ³ֵģ϶ľܹµܹˡ
ٷ׶Է˼ɵЦЦҲģ˴ǰѯʸˣµũʲôҪæģ
֪ڤҪŪµũٷ滹ǷǳˣͬʱҲŸڴҪǼȻµũǿ϶֮ǰûгֹġ
ʱȣȵſԡ
ڤЦЦ󣺡ٴ˼в
еĻǿöԷһ֣Ч
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ٷͷʲôЦЦ⻹ö˸ˣǸ˽ˣ϶Ͳ˰ҲѼĴ˲ﱣů˺ܶ࣬Ҳ͸úܡ
ԭҲвģڸտʼеʱܾ棬ϾⲣЩƣȻƷʲһͬʮϡС
ŲԽԽ࣬ҲϰΪˡ
⵹ǿˡڤЦЦٴԵƬ̣ȥõ㶫
ٷͷڿŲ裬ŵġ
ڤȥ˲ֿ⣬ЩũŪһЩ
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ЩµũӡȵڤλԺ󣬽Ķ£ǽҪֲĶҰÿôԼũֶд棬ȵٴ˻ȥ󣬿ڴ֡
ȻǶ죬ǲ¶ȻǺܸߵģǿֳġ
ٷһµũӣСãллˣһͷһԡ
ȻµũһҪڲģٷԼȥһŪũĺֲſԡ
ٷԶڤôܲдԷء
ڤٷڼ緹ͬʱѴĴ峤ַӵ˽й㣬þƺ˶Է˶緹
ȻˣٷûڸڤμޣһҲԼҪҲֻ磬ȥĻҲüġ
ڤβûֻǽԼ׼ùȻٴˣðȥɣҲʡһˡ
һٷҲǴġ
׻˵úãҲ
ٷûоܾ֣ЦЦãлл֣ȵԭˣһҪҡ
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һڤЦŹ֣ȵˣŻص档
ٷҲǵٵģһַǵĸĸ٣һθڤô峤ַ㣬˻Ǻܸ˵ġ
ַӻãʹˣҲעһЩǴ峤ȴȵЩˡ
СⱲԵ飬ǰ仧ˡ
峤ŸڤεļЩ˵
ڤʱû仧д峤ŵ仧ġ
ڤοŶԷӣɵЦЦ峤ˣӣʹ峤ȥ
ԷԼһ˿϶ǻȥ˵ģҸ˷Ųſԡ
ȵַӺʹ峤ˣڤαæȥϴ˸衣
һľζԼҷɺͺӶϲ
ѾˣҼһҲʼˡ
ĺӲ٣ƽھǺܻõСԲļҴԺ󣬼ֱǷſҡ
ķҺС˾ȥ
ճԹ緹ûãСԲ˵ˮ˵㣬Сȥˡ
ӳŵӣڤβɵЦҡҡͷϣϣǲǶɵ
⺢ӣ֮ǰھǵʱôûԷôأ
ÿһδʱ˾һ㣬Ҳ֪⺢ôġ
СǸɸɾġ
ӻСͬ˶࣬ȥɡ
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ϣЦЦŶԷԺɢ
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үǾš
ʮһ죬վļ͵˸ڤεǰ
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үү˺ܶıڣʱͿԷű
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֪
صʱСĽݶϿɾͲˣʱҪСġ
ڸҵԺڶˮ·ҳԺӻЩ룬棬Ҳὦݶϵģϲõġ



147 147Ȱ˵
Ϣôﶼ˼ˣڤҲڹʱһЩõ˲֥ƣЩƶλϵͳһĺþƣ˲֥ζЧÿ϶Ǿȫġ
󣬸ڤαֱȥ˴峤Է˵һũ顣
֮ǰڸڤλʱΣ˴Ҳ֪Էʲôġ
ֻũĶûȵǿԵġ
ڤҲ֪ģһ£ûũͷ
ϾǴԼģڤβǿЩġ
峤ʵҲЩԥ˿ں̸̣ˣС㶮ö࣬˵˵ũĺúͻ
ڤε˵ͷֱô峤мˣһ˴ڵĴ£һ졣
Ȼ֪µũĺôͻڤεȻҲš
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ǻǷǳֵصģһ⻰ﲻԼͬһŴȥˡ
һôһЩӣһЩľգƽʱĵŵġ
ƽ˿ɹ̫̫Ҳ
ǳĲ̫ǳĴ󣬺ů͡
ڤһԣЦЦһôҾ۾أҪһ֮ǰ˵µũǼ飬ѾˣЩѾԿʼֵˣյʱеĵҲˣ˵һ˵µũ飬˵Ժֶֻ߲ǴԼ飬Ҷǿġ
ϾڤҲ֪鲻һ;ͿɵģϰսµũҪһ̣ż
ڤδһһĽƷֵһãһȽӱͬʱЩũĿζǷǳġڶЩǳĺóԣһҲҪϰķ涼Ƿǳаġ
ȻҲвõĵطڤβ֪ǵغļҴǷϳˣ޷֤ЩũĲ;ǵһ߱Ⱦĺá
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Ϊϰյĵʳ󲿷ֶԼԵģһ˰ģһǮġЩũߵĻǶ˵϶ǲеġ
ڤοŴеԥҲɵЦЦҲżȥҲһȫҪµƷ֣ңʮĶؾͿóĶЩƷ֣һĻҲͿټеĻǻǻָԭһЩС͵ס
˸ĸĻɵûȻ򣬷׷ЦЦСӲǼļĻûʮĶʮĶѽȳĶѽ
֮ǰȷʵ֮ǰ˼һͬΪЩضҪµũǸڤεĻǣǿóһĶЩճɲõĻͿԲЩճɺõĻԶһЩЩʳȻڤ˵Щóԣǿ϶ƭǵġ
˸ڤθ˼·˲俪˺ܶ࣬ڤΣСǲǵʲôȥٸ룿
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Ҫ֪ЩĲôģڤʵҲ̫Ͼ֮ǰھǵʱҲһЩðʽŪЩũһвڣҪúܶ࣬ˣҲûаѻ˵رȫ
һھ˵ЩĶȽϸߣһĶߣҲʧġ
ǻȻˣһԵĴСȸ˵һҾҪĶأ˵
Ĵ˵ĶҲʲôǮҲͦģҲĶʲôǼ˵Ҳ㲻ʲôġ
⻰ڤͷȻ󽫶ԷĻʾԷҪһݣţڶһĶڤνԷ޻
޻ǷǳõģڲȽ٣ƹ֮У޻ֳԺ϶ǱȽϹģʵüֵҲܸߣԼҲǿõġ
ĴͷļҴҲʼڤǼˡ
ȵǼԺ󣬸ڤαȥһ£ÿÿҪӶдһ˱棬ͬʱһ¼ȵȥʱͽЩ¼ٷ
ԸⳢԣֻĶظڤҲͦ˵ģϾոճе˲Ҳġ
еһЩ˼ǵĵرȽ٣Ծûô֣һĶֱ4Ҳֻ뿴һճɣ˵볢һЩ¶Щ˼ңڤҲ޳ɵģֻҪԷԣڤζǲܾġ
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ͬʱǻĽÿʲôӣʲô棬˵ֵأǶһ㣬ֵض˵ǿǿҵĺ
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ЩȥˣڤλǺڴܹģܹһõջ
˸ڤεİЩ˼Ѿеصı㿪ʼЩȥˣЩ˼ҪȵԺٽһֲ
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ЩӶǸڤ͸ģΪֻһƹĽ׶ΣϲҪǮģǸڤԼǮôֵأǾеǸˡ
Ÿڤε⣬ǲûļҴãȵȥԺ󣬿·ˡ
ڤκϣֱӺҵȥ˾ǣҴڸڤȰ˵֮£ҲһֵѡֲµũȻĸҲǽóĶػĶֲЩ
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ٷЩպˣڽӵǸ֡



148 148ؾ
ڤһ뿪Ժ󣬱ֱӳžȥˡȻ뿪Щ᲻ã˶ףֻھſиõķչҵĸоˡ
֮ǰҴʱ򣬺ǸƵģԴȥ˾ǣһҲˣҿʼˣʱ֮ǰ̫࣬һλȥʱ򣬴˿Щӣ㶼ûиϡ
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һˣСԲһЩѣļҴĺܿģкܶණǾûеģʮֵȤ
ڤЦЦͷȵԺлʹ
ϾļҴҲ˲ٵʱ䣬ȷʵȾȤܶ࣬һֱµĻҲǲеġ
СԲȻʱûһֱ飬ȥԺ󣬿ɲܷɣҹŵǻȥԺ˽ӲҲҪˣҪǿĲõĻǧޱӰ
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ˣ๫֮ǰǸгǲѾ˰
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гҪĻܻһʱ䣬ǿԼŪ棬һЩˡ
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⼸УڤҲһЩҪǱСԲСЩѵڤҲǼȡ˶෽ͬʱҲںִһЩ
Ÿȥĺܿ죬Ҳܿ졣
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乧ؿһԵСԲ˵
СԲͷСЦЦҵŪһܺĶ磬𻸸磬ҪҪȥ



149 149г
үǵλͣÿСˣǼٺöǿСԲ˵Ǹǻû
ҪȥҪȥ
СԲСľѰСˣ꣬ɷǿɰ
ãǾ߰ɡ
һѶԷССԲЦ˵
ڤڽӵŸϢʱôϣȥˡ
ڵȽȣϣ͸ڤιһʱԺ󣬾;Щˣȥˡ
һ£ڤαϣȥһгû뵽СԲҲ뵽顣
ЩСӶѵĺӣڤεȻܾǵģ黹ԼҶģڤθǲᲵ˶Էӵġ
1212
ڤһ˻ص˼ԺûãСԲСЩСӹˡ
ﻥ˸ڤαֱӶǵǲ뿴г𣿸ҹгںԺ档
ǱߵطȽϴƽﶼǸڤĵطͬʱҲСĵط
СѾǳˣԷȻǴ㿼ƾٵģǶԷҲǴ㿼˵ģСĹ滮ͻ
һ⻰ĸ˸ڤεĺ棬źԺȥ
νгǻǵһ˵Ҳ֪ʲôǸСԲǿŶȻǸӾͻԶǰߡ
˵ЩСǷǳġڤδȥ˺ԺȻúǽг˳
СԲС˿˳гΧһԣתȦȦ
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ҲǵһμôĶҲ档
һȺСӿⶫʮֵ棬ŸڤνлϾڤ˵Ҳǳһ丵ҲӦõġ
ڤοǲɵЦЦãﻹмӣǽЩӶóүǶһ档
֮ǰһЩһ֮ģԤƺ˵ġ
һ⻰ӺֿгóЩүһһһ׷ֿʼģǵһгǷǳģƽҲǺܺá
ڤοһȺСŤŤﳵӣɵЦЦȱżǽм˹żλСүĺ棬ﳵȻ־Ϳˡ
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ںųλСүƵţȵǷ˲һԺ󣬱ʼˣЩҲʼˡȻе裬ˤˤҲͻˡ
һˣСгðѽú氡
ȻٶȲǺܿ죬·Ҫܶġ
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ʮԺ󣬾ǻһķ羰
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һʱ֮䣬˷׷ۣǶʲôô棬ȻýŲţͿƶء
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һǱ֪ǴӸڤﴫģʱʱػȥҸڤΡ
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ţѰ˵ǮˣοЩ˵Ǯء



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ڸڤôǱĬУϣһҲûоãʮҪӣ棬СԲɻС
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СԲװؿԼҵŶԷ½ǣӲػ˻Ρ
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еĶǷǳڽеģ󲿷ֶڲڤκܷĵġ
£Ǹǰ͹ġ
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ڴۣһӵĶһ£εЦЦ׼˰
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ǿ϶ǲ뿪ǵģǸڤ뿪ˣǻЩ᲻õģοԷҪ뿪üء



151 151µԶ
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ķɿɺóˡ
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θú棬˺ܶķ羰Ҳ˺ܶʳ
ҺҸǳˣȻĻھôóԺİ
Ȼû˵еĽСԲڳ黹ǷǳĵģȻĻھǶİ
ŸڤεԵʣСԲھǵĵλҲǲ͵ģ˭˲һСӰ
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ŶԷӣڤεҡҡͷõõãԼӻûг󰡣ҲãȻĻָͱ˭ƭء



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