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ڶ̶һ˻ʧȥ˰ɳǣڹˡ֮ءĿɲ
֮ǣڴ֮ǰӭһλӵõĽ𷢡ʹ㾫ƯܴЦ

һۣԵľƬƶأֲ̿ū
һȫļܣֻʣߺͼӵı
ĬؿཬʵĶٿһŻʾδĵб˳˼
ǲ֮˱־ֵط֡λĽˣλ硢ҹҹ赹·ԣڶ쾹漣ع龫Ļħ
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Ϊ˸ͨϷϵͳõĵߣҵܰϵԴ
һƻػԶÿ͵㣬ñĵ߳䵱
ȻðգȷԼչֵһ񼣡ڻ
ȴ֪̫ʵؽ񵱳飬նĤݡ
ʱһãȻüȡ㹻֮ĵв񣬴Ӵ˻Ϊ
λذĽŲִʶʱÿЦŸʻ
*ܣ1V1ǴԭϷ+ߴԽ硣Ϸڡ¶¶ȣ
ݱǩ ½  
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣ  
һ仰飺̰ڵ
⣺˫¸츣
VIPƷŲȱϷϵͳһԽͱ硣Ϊ˲ؿϵūҶΪѼĵùֻһϷߡһ־Ըʱľ飬ӲͷƤƫԶƶĳǳ
ƪϷС˵Ʒ趨ӱȤϷȤʵũҵ֪ʶϣԭֻȲѳΪû뵽£Ȼͷ


1 
һ󡢻Ұϣһ֧нš
˵ǳӣǵĹģνСÿڸҪ˶Ȳϡ;ʱº׾ͻ⵽һЩ۸ڶĳ
ʵʷȴȻ෴
ȫΪͷһʽ
ǴԹܲõʽͷǶŵʤĻʯԼ֪˶ϳΡ޲ʾŵģȻһλ㹻ÿλϻ̳ϿֵصǸ߰ͷ­Ĺ
λ쳣͵ֻǵؽм󣬵ڶһ뿪ˣʵ˿
ž̲סˣһλӦݵڱС㽵ԴԴȺӭһҪһΪʲô
ҪǱ»ڵĻôõ裡
˹ŭ˵
Щ汲й̤ʸ񡢸֪С岻ͬ
ɹ׿ָɡȥ̻ĵӰĸ˹ܼңˣ񶼶ִ۵˰Ľеޱȷߺޡ
Ϊ͢﹫Ϲ谮ӣ˰ʮʱԽλ곤ֳ˹ľλҶڹ͢Цſǡʹ
ܱ֮µĳ谮ΪСʱֳޱҫĿòΪ˼ʮֵʹ㴿Ͼ
ڳǸصϹԣܲʺ̳ˣȴڡҲȥ谮Ķӡ
ֻϹûüѡʺϰ׷ʱȻˡ
ǣڶԴһ֪İں˯ʱλҰĲֳͿơĬط䡣
һΪᣬΪջʤߵĵӿ׾Ѿеشڡ
ΪΨһĵܵܰѾꡢȴȻ棬˿ûвԡ
ĺء͡ߡλֳףûжɱ֡
ǰϹ谮ڻҲǳڽ׻ǹϽİޱѸٵϳԻ¡ɳǡΪء
Ȼ⻰ٵþֵϵͨնţοһ˾ˡ
ɳʲôط
Ƕ̶һ˻ʧȥ˰ӵ ֮ءĿɲƧ
Զȴƶ񤣬˿ϡ衪ȻЩū䱻Ǹ̰˰ٶԸ֮ء
һ£ǶԣһϹʱ֪Ƿݳ谮չѾȨĵĹȻȲϰͽ¹Ҫ
һҪ仰߶ĴΡ߷߲ƽĸ˹ľȴǴͷβƽޱȡ
ȻƽģϹƫλʹʵȱĽ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôִ˶ʮȻ괩ԽλҴ˸ϤǵܵһȳԹĲȱϷϵͳ
»ӴϢЩϡͿļ䣬ͻһµʱ䡣
ںϼ֮ǰʵ۰ĸ˹ܼʵڲ֪ôӦԵĬǵöԷۡ
ڸ˹ûжԿѻκλɡô䣬ʹҲܱһɲ䡣
˹ް취ֻӷŭһеʼٸߣĵӣϳ϶ԷΪ£ˡ
˹
ڸ˹ʹڹ߰ȳУλӵнӲӵĳƯޱȵòСˣҲȻ̫ƶĿ
ǾʹһУҲȻʹºͣҪˣȵˮɡ
С¹˵ĸ˹ۿ̣л¡
ǳ̲ϵĺˮ峺˫۾صӳŻ¶дŸжͣһС󣬲Ųʣǿ쵽𣿡
ǣǵġ
˹ıʼնͦñֱص̫ɽ֮ǰǾִܵʵ̫ίˡ
ڿ쵽
ԶϹܼҽĻһ죬⿴ȥ
֮·ȣҲҪţΪĻҳ̫ˡ
ȻǴ죬һȻ¶û¹꣬صĳ¶ġ·桯
˼ҰϣȻƽʵʯ·ܱȡǵнģ˵·˵ɾ龫տ˷ӡʱѡĽΪƽ·档
ԽǽӽɳǣԽܸож䣺;Щǳأб鲼ǳޡһۿġ·νšǰ뿪ǳؿʼ·ûмһˣߵġ·ҲƵжϡ
·жϵԭ򣬵ΪƻĽǴʧޡʹã³߱µɽضϣעһ·ϵĿƽ
Һ忴ϸȴʮֲʿĸ˹ߵ¶ɫȻ漣Ӧá
͸ǵ϶ĿĽϡ
ɽϵʯƽΧͰɢķݵĳ£һӱ˻ֺ漣߻˵СȺҪϰٱĲĸ߶ȣΡɭϡ
ĴСɵͬ˵λߵͣġ
Ҳδסˡ
ǱеҪһЩ
ֹ۵롣
ڹһϮǰȷϹ·λͷٷ˳ĬĬ˼
ªùֵĵ·ûסϹ״͸ӵ
û̫ã֧ҰæµŵעĳӣǿƵĴ£ʾ˾ηȫò
żҲΪڴм̫ѡɳС˵ĳӡÿʱЩûܰСӶȲӿǰȥ˳ŭϣҲҪקסϵĳЩΪ׬ȡһ΢ġùݽܷѡ
ȴû˸ô
ʵϣΪ׵ʽĳ࣬ƽЩС˰ܻضǿڳԣϡ
ǸʲôϵƣѾסˡ
Ǿܾʶ֣ûϳǶڡʹƵӳǶŵġǰϼ¶ȲıʯҲֱܷĵλóƶ
ĬĬһۣԭľ¶ľ⡣
ǶԣǸ۲۵جģǵӡԽˣԽһУҲԽб
סĿ־壬ʱȻһ֪ġ
˹г̵ж׼ȷÿ£Ϧһʱơһ·Ҳͣˡ
ǵˡ
˹ŴʹҰ֮أıȻͦ·Ҳû˿ޡ
Сȥ͢һһ΢
ҲȻ˷Ӧڸ˹ķŵ̤վٱСռյع
ΡʯƳǱ⴦ߴΧ͸ľʷݣԶӰ涣ҰӰʡ
ܺõѼȳĶԶԶĳ
ù̸֮ɫġ֮ءϦԹ£ӳľȴǴӿɰġ
Ƭ̣׿סǱ紵ʱʱޡڸɻʮǿҵĳζȽǱˡ
ֻ̤Ǳ֮ǰ۽ƺ׽ʲô
ʱߵ·ĩˡڵλãµľӰӡ
ںģڴһԼһ⣺ʲôǴѬ𣿡
ôĹôױ͵ߵĵطΪ紾ӵŲջ
С˵ķʣһʯĳĹܼҸ˹ĵسĬˡ
ԭڳǱ˺üγʵڲʧȥĺùͣصһС̲סĵЦСشΪش
£С͵ɵʬ塣


2 
һ·϶裬̤Ǳһ𣬰ܶȾӭ˽ϵս
˵ǾƽġС͵ɵʬ塱ֻǿˣģɾԲԸʧȥݱĳﾫ⿵Ĳȡ
īɫĶɢ˲ҹάŨζԱߵСϷżӲޱȵӲúʯһϹ״͵Ǳʯķذײܼп
ӲҪֱӿȥ˵ݶܲ˵
Ҳζţպ˺ʳĿֲԡ
˵ִİլۡԵóЩʹӣҲмʳجΰʳ
ȻʵİҲɳˡΪعʳһɳʹƵġ˵Ѭ⣡
ط˶ԣʵݳ޵ò˼顣
Ϊ˲¶۵ĹܼҸ˹ĳƪۣŲϵʳĬƬ̺󣬻װµӣرŹǣѵһ͡
ȥԡطϢˡ
Ըٻ͵ݣһ߻ʹӴңһ߶Ǳڲṹ
ľĺͲݹɵũͬǱʤĴ͵ʯɵģ϶ʯ
ֺΰסʶȣֻáܲ롱ݡ
ѡҵķ䣬ȻǲɹãҴ߲ġɵԡ꣬ɸ˹Դʹӡ²ɾĴϣһ¾͸ܵڵ䳱ʪС
̲ס̾˿
ôܣʵ޷µģʲôӡ
ԭΪԼ˯ţǣŹ˵壬ȻԻޡ
ֹͣɢ˼۵˲䣬ͺɵ˳˯С
ʱϡʵĹѾӴ룬ͬʱҲңң
еֻӵеݳƷοɳƫԶĵطˣҲܵӱμĴ
ɳġҲΨһһʱߣ˪ѩð߲¥
һĵҲϵǱͷ飬ȥʱ
Ȼڹ͢ﵣĳְ𣬷ĹͨǲҪָϢġ
˯һǲòͣǴʿȮȥɭԻȥ˹֣
⵱Ȼ
֪ܲԼ˯˶ãһĪظеٱ
ڹܼҸ˹ǰ鿴ǰɴǰųǱĲĸ߶ȣϸŸũ߽Ұʼ
עģǲ԰壬Ҳǵ·ǵ䡣
һɫ۵ò˶ٿο˹ʮġˡˡ
Ƕֻѹ֬ࡢԼݳֵԣＫٱΪ׸꣬һ£Ͼ׳Ͷܸϲ˴档
üȴܿȥ
Ȼζʲôζɳһ滷쳣ӣõµİոϵʱ
˹ùͺ󣬰Ȼ̧ۣʱͦվһࡢ׼Ĺǵĸ˹ﻹжʳ
ʳ⻰ʶԼϤļλǺȻظĿڣָǣڲӰֵ£ҪͶԱĻʳֶܼã
˹ĻϲԾ¶˴Ȱ΢Цش𣺡𾴵ĵ°밲İɡֻҪս˳㹻ġ
ҪһЩ
΢΢ףҪѯһ£Ժӹ㱻Եһ㡣
ԡ
¿˹ٴʣũūڵĻ
ϵĹܼЦݲ䣬糣˵ʴȵĵ°Щūôֵõ¹أǰĳͻʳøҶҲڶ쵽֮ǰҰްţҵ㹻ʳġ
Ȼ
̾
վڸߴ˶ԣūǱµĴڡӵзϵĶ˸񣬶ǰֻһȫȫ˵ġֵǮ
һûӵʽ֣ȻҲ䱻¼ڵǼǲ
ɳǵǼڲ˿ֻһǧˣ˰ȻҲٵÿŻʹɳ˰ٶм
ոմҵĴȥʱ²ܿȫҲ¾ԲֹһǧˣĿʮ
˹΢˵شҵ⡣
ʱ£Ȼͼλ͵Ĺ֪
ֻں󣬺˹һԼĻ
ʵҲȷġ
΢Ĳã˹ϵݺʹȰһתЩ̿֡
ԥؽϥϥ˱ʵĵϣϿҵעٿȻʥ򲻾ͽüʹӣҵˡԭʵʹӵʧ񡣡
ûκαԼ֪Ϣг
ɳǵĿֻһǧˣũūȴߴǧΪ꼢ɲ߶˰𣬶ò½ƲҲ޷סĵù
ΪֱũūȻζȫȫʧȥɣȥպһ˰𣬲ĵǰ£õıӻ
ũūûԼأԼҹճɲѵ£ҲԼһ˵ĿܱġܱԼ֧ķݶֻпͰ͵һ㡣
⻹ʳԽΪĴġ
ÿʱһҵ֦ܿȼĻȡůũūȴʰķֻɪɪؼһ翵һм˱пĺ
ֻǴ£ԸΥġũūþ˵ϣܿǵǷЧˡ
һк󣬸˹˿ûжũūҾֻеעҪĵ£ŵԭ¡
ũūҲĵģ̷ĵ¡
Ǵȱֲʧϣָ߹ǱӵʹҲ͸ľ䱦
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˼ʳȱϾϣûз˹뷨
ֻԼܿĿǰһƬɫϷ壬ϷĻߡ
һ¶˾ġ
Ȼ֪ܾȶ١ܲܲκŬһؿЩƼݵūȥ
Ҿҳϣ˹
Ÿ˹¶ϲı󣬰εЦЦ
ǳȷ˾ʲôġʹ÷ʽλ͵󻯡
˼󣬰ڸ˹ڴĿ£ֱڣҪΪ¡
⼸·ǳҪߵֻá


3 
ҹҵõ˲Ƹּ֮⡣
赭дһذϢ󣬰ƽĵܸ߳У˵ȥ
˫ǰǡ
ڹܼҸ˹һƬհ׵עУƾձһƽƽƳͷƽسڶĿ鵽ǰһӵ˼ŷȥҵıĵkĻkԸڶʱ
ݵĴ͹󣬸˹ߴǱͷϻƿѵСͻȻ׸Ϣ
ڿУΨнϣ翵ϵͨղͬ˹ҲСĳǷ㣬ʵǱŽŽɵ̬ȵġ
޷óȥ˲ȫų񡯵ĴڣӱԽǮͰֶβٿءƵνȯԼһЩòȻ񸸵ĳªʵ
Ұ֪Ľ壬ûôһλƸ֮񡯣ֻжһ޶ġ񡯣󣬲ѡСΪ¿Ķ󣬾ȻЩūҲԸɣ
˵ЩģԶԼӵСˡ
˹һСᣬҪǰѡȫţǣˡ
֪Կţ˹΢΢һЦֻҪҳϡֵ˽һУ˵ĺ࣬ͽȥӦˡ⣬ҽĿʱ߲κˣǱ뿪Ǳء
ʵϣԼҪ˵ģʵֻи˹һˡ
ߣɳǵˣڶּԭŲɵĴڣݵ١
ϾҲãҲãҲáȫԶԶǵĸ߹ڣʵǵʥҪĻѵ᲻ѡͱµũū
˹ǿ䴽ǣص˳ȥˡ
֪λ⾫ܸɡ飬ΨͷεĹܼһὫǲٵʱ䣬ܿͣصУ׼һЩ·µظɻ
£֮ǰһ򲻿뿪λĸ˹ܼҡ֪Ϊʲôɫг۰Ͱ͵ڲ;һ´˾׳ŵӭȥҸ¡
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Ҳû뵽ǵԼףͶʱϲ񣺡ǣң£
΢΢ףϰɡ
ȻµظɻѾǼòٳ£ƻ򣬻ȥĺá
Ϲ谮ӣĹլۡȨƵͥС
Ȼĵܵϳȴûкĵ˵ˡ˽ĲƲһûա
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׺ʯ޻˿Ȼǲʺϴġ
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Լ˼Եϥأʾס
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ֵûľګǲˣԼܶץסÿʱ̬ȴûйԽ
ղ̷ʱҲֻȫ˼Ͷ뵽µĹûжĺġ
ŪɳһʱҲȷҪôһȽϻ顢ԵĶĿ
ôţ̨ܿף߳˳Ǳš
ƣĩĳ⼴ʹҲȫʢĵĶůġ
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֪Ǻûǻ˵˲ֻһҡ
ɭǿſ־壬Сʹ׻ܿͱһ伫ȲͷġҪʡȥˡ
ֻܿԼ۲죬Ŷֵͬ̿ǵ˽
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ɭǿ󣬾ͷһ㣺ϵģֻгǱˡ
صĻֲ򣬴ûĽޣ軧ǴԽСʶñȽϴĽŻ֡
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ΨһǣϣλԸٲҪǰбɡ
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΢ۣǱŵķȥ
һ̣ͽʵʵסˡ
񰡣
ɭ鲻ԽŴ죬˶ûˡ
ûУûУôĿĴڣ
ʱп˼߿һµĻͻֵᷢǽĿǡͶǱˣ¶һģһ𾪱顣
˵Ҳм˵Ϳòһǹ߰ȱӪū̫ֻǵһͷһõĽ𷢡ǳǱʹмǽӴοǲ̸ˡ
΢Ľ貶ĿƤѩϾµϿĹ̲סΪʹľòгһЩΡ
һֱȨСطϣĴȥȥУ˽ڹ͢ľ䱦һ¶ǰ
ɭԺһƬ硣
մǻӿһۿλˣؽĿⶨϣת
Ҳһ̣λõ廨㽿ʥʹѲ˼ŵزҰС
Ȼ󡪡ޱȵػǱֱۻҪֵĳͷ


4 
ļƻǳһ׼ܴũū
ĿǰصĻʵ̫ˣȫִǿʻΧǽȦסøҸĵؽ緶ΧԵһĿȻ
ɢҲɽȥϡ
Ȼ㽫ȫũԼϡ
ʹϵϷϵͳܶټصĿѡֳַɵĴͶãȴΪǾǸ˹Ĺʹ޷ܵġ
οʹóͷӡũˡһְҵܵȣǲɼƷ
ôţػӶ˳ͷ
ϷϵͳƷĳͷȻع鵽ĵȼʱȴоһ
ȻԵһëһɵĳͷȱˮֶԵüʵʱǷĵ붹㣬׾ٵؾû
ס
գգۣѴ֮ͽͷγͬʱ˾׼ĸ˳㡢Ŀⳤһµ顣
ͣ˼
˿ĳͷϸؿ˿Ǳ̵ǿ֢߶ëĵؿ顣
ԼԱ߱еøѿëڵĸء

ڴԷӦ֮ǰѾ鲻Խػ˵ڶ
ȻͲ壬ԭβ룬Լ±þȻһԵľɵγԱȡʹһɾ͸
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һСľȫڳصĿֵĿһеɳȴ˹ĳĬ
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˭⻭Υ͸жִ۷塣
λ߹óˣɻȻеκһ˶̫ԶĵľôҵĳȻˬһκ£һƽٶȡ
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Сڵʳڸͳصũߴ򽻵ǣΪʲôԼıְʱȻֲˣ
뵽ɭǼȻ֣̿
ѵ˽µأҪ֤ɳǲҪȺֲķ
Щɵڷʲô
㱵ɭǱǷŭĺѵģģѵĴΪһУǰʳ͵𣿴ȱΪ˲Щĳµֵȥɻˣ
ɭڵһũūγѡ
ũԭǵķ֮£ﻹһƬհףǵȴγ˱ܷӦ
ڵõǡȥˮȷָʾɭԥسϾ޴ľͰֱӱߵĵһˡ
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Ȼһĸ˹ܼңĵǰ˻Ƶľ
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5 
һ£һ·Ե峿
֪޾ۿС˵µĸ˹ȴŵЩɢˡ
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˾Ȼɳǵ
˪ĸ˹ܼҵĻ£սսضһۣСߵڵλá
Ŀڴϵ˵ϣһֲ̻̿ˣȴͬһʱɵŴ졣
񰡣ôôˣ
ǼߵЩΪȾ޷𴲵ؼݿµĲȫͬϹΪ͢еʹİʹ֪ڴϣҲͬһƱϵĽɫһĿ޷ƿĿ⡣
ѩһļϸ壬ûѰزڣ͸ųõĵۡ
ֱͦ۽޺ܳ뷢ɫһĴɫ΢貽شǰٲɫĴϣںӳԵĹ⡣
ǻȻ˿־壬ֻóԾ޵ؽŵ¿˹ʵ޿ˡ
ɫָһ£ǻ񣺡ĿģѵֻΪضŸ߹ĵ¿𣿡
ҪΪǸɵײĶؽϳǿз˵µʿźլۡĵʹӣֶȱֵز
ȻҪͬһҽ
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ʱګګ˼ɫΪλĹ˿ˡ
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ǹ˵Ƥûй˿ҲʼնͻƽȣʵûɽαװĻǼֱҪΪԷװˡ
ȥеϸ˵λɫôһλٽ˰
ƽʱĻϵҪǲ˵Һ״̬Сҩ󲡷Ѫ
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˵ǲĥôһλµĹˣλ쳣ĹܼǰҲҽ˵ɷֺҩˮȡ
ǵֶΣֻʣʱʱķѪˡ
̽Ҫ۲Һ󣬺رλϵĹܼصһۣ桰ҪϧĻҪڶΡ
С˵ҪзѪʱٴ⵽˹ܼҷŭľܾ
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侲ʣѾѵЩطȫѾ𣿡
˹ػصǵģ£һоԸ
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ܵϹܼұеĳߣǿѹ³ȥɨķĳ嶯
üģЭ˵ٽпѵЩأֻˮȱŲ֣б;˹¾ȺԼһȥӱߵɡ
˹ףˣ£бķԸ𣿡
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6 
֮󣬿侲ĸ˹ʵһֱģʵڵĲŸεС˼Ҫٴµؿѡ
ڵõ⼸ָʾŵ໺һߵԼָʾ
һ˵Ĵƹֵܸİ¾ܸеޱȣǸϽϴ˰ȻҴææˡ
ټϵ˶ԣ縺ְʵʮҪ
һ쵽ֻū򽻵ģܽǱֱˡ
ޱ󣬰½ŵش˴֣ܸоָһûüϴɾм
ԾԣֻҪάֳǱڵǾͶԵ˵Įġղ˰ǱˣŻǰʡ
ɳǵǰǲβãΪĪԭȥ͸ȥĸֵˡ
λȴڲͬ
ΪҲĿˡ
ųƶʹòһò˼顢Եĳ
ȻũūǳصũߣԾ򿪼ʵءҪۼĻ²˭Űɣ
һ·˼ţ¸ŵͣܿʹһǰͣ
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ׯձǸյ⼸ΪĴڣüȵūǼѵذһһĶ졣
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ѾܹЩȳѬ


7 
ҪõĹߣȫϷŵʱֻҪϲ϶ĵĹܼҾˡ
ȻĿùͻȻʹȥһĻ󣬸˹νȫװԼ⣬ӳǱλͣڿ׵ǿ¡˶ļʿһͬˡ
ӳǱųȥһ·ǰߣ·󣬾ɳɭֵˡ
֦Ҷïľʱȴʲôע鲻Խط˽Ų
УصĽҰݮһġɼߡֵ
˵ɼߡһְҵܣ׻ȡֵ;ǷľȻôҰǰʵںѲȻĶ
ڶݵĳɺ󣬰Ϸ߳ġ
֪Լԡڸ˹ܼҵŴȰݵУ΢ĵصͷʰ
˹Ը⣬Ų䴽ǣǳɫ۾ﵹӳɰС˵Ӱ
ĹʿһҪΪС˵İΣġ
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ȫùϵÿ˰󣬲ܻý֡ȡԴʸ
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ĬĬţҲգشȡһĳڵع˵ϡ˹ȻʹСȥôۻĶ
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ǸոհѪµժӣͻش˳㣬϶żһģһĳЦ⣬Լذʵ֡
ҲͬţıӣΪ۲۵ĳѧߣҪں㣬ҲǾޡ

ͷڶԺǻţϾһ˶̲סɴ۾
ŸƯȻ³һɫķ˶Ӱڵҧ˵õͬԴİչ˼ҵĲ


8 
ڸ׹ǰ룬ĶϾѾ˼ٵġཡϵͳʾ
ǰϷģʽͻȻ뵽ʵ˼ݵĳɡ
ڣǰϷûٵγĸȴԷӦѾʱӦԡ
Ȼһ㡣
ǳ಻ͬƬ͹ˮĹȻûбʹòƻҧ˲䣬Ϳʼ˼ޱȵķ
˳ԾעУ˼վεס˱ޱȵš֡
ӦٶֱۡϷΪɵ㡯㣬ͳ֮ĹżªĳʼߵĵֶԣȫȫƵجһĶˡ
Ȼǲ־ܵģߣʱͷٿʼҺζرߡ
Էһ㣬ץᳯȥսһЩԸе
βޱȵĻںϣʱʱ֣ˮ
ڰУҲǸҧһųֵĵֱ͸һܶ
ϧǣȻųʼͣȴĵ֡
㹷͵غֱײҲ˿ûļҽࡣ
ɫƽʼնȵŵͣҲǷϴĵʾز֡
ʹĹʱʱ̶̿ǻڼѹıԵȴڰտĲ£նյر档
У͵ò˼ĴѾĵ͵ı᧿ΣĻȣʱҪΪܲסֱ
ֱ۰ϸĹ£ȴӵǧһεذѿš
أڵŵĹ·𱻺ľķҲúͻ
ȴûи衣
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һߣŲæؽͷɥս˵¨Ϊϵͳġۣ¶ǳǳЦ⡣
սݡ
֪Ϣۿһļˣʱٴη˾̾
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9 
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νõʳֻҪ򵥵⿷ʽεȫ磬ʵǡˡ
˹ȻǷѵĳ̣СԵϵʳģָٶԷ˰㣬㣬Ŀļȡ
ȻԼ֣ʳ
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ſǿʯͷջع񣬾ͿԼµǿʯͷҪˣʱżغ˳


10 
뵽ԼȻбūǡ顱һ졣
ȳԭΧǿʮָ䶼5²ʯߵūǣ˵طſˣȴûɢȥ
ȻڽӶػﶼݺǶλƵ˸жûǺͱӵвҲĵԸɸĻ
ˣڰҪԶԼġʱǹԹȴûм뿪Էȥأɻˡ
һ׽һҲþûɢȥɷǳ򵥡ʹˣɻڵأôİõȥϢأ
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СżζūͷġЩļһԱһ㣺ҪȱƵĵ£ֻгܶݵЩūˡ
һȺԼҪߴöūУ¶ɵ쳣
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ҪöӺһЩͱ跨ȥ׬Щʳ
ƲǲȥġҪôǰµأЩʡũҪôǳ䵱·Сͯ޶̷Ǯ
ΪŮԵ¶ԣѡĵ·͸խСͱˣһūҵŮԣǱĲƲճʱͱһλũūĶӶ»Լ12ʱ飬14ͿʼӡҪ޵𴦣׻һӴķΪʧūĲ
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ЧȴõÿȱʵޱȴѡҲڼϼÿ춼һıʯһ//ͭ
Խֵ⣺ΪϹ谮ʹβִٸϸʱֻӴеһС֣ҲԲȱٽͱ
װֻӵĽңܱΪϷġ𶧡ǡʯĻⲻˡƫƫϷϵͳת
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11 
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12 
ڴµ衪ҲÿΨһİ̿ġèè֮衱ûмƲشƸ֮͡
ȫµ¶ȴϵū͡
һûбҪڲ֣ǡʱûĽɡ
ҪǣĿǰ̫С
ɳǵƫԶͻƧǷɳǷչ谭ȴҲдĸṩѵı
ȻҽƸ֮ôͷųҲĿǰڵġɹͳεȵڽ̱ôļ˾ԡ
Ͻʮֲٰͬ
ŷɣҲӵͽڣ͢ﶼӵһȨҲһõĵزҲܶͽΧ׷½صȨ
λȥϹͲǹ񣬶Ǵ˵ƹս֡
žҳԱƽӰϵǻˡ
ΣɳȻǱΧȴһǰͱǳ׷ˡ
ȡ˰ǿÿܶȥһ⣬ֻ߼Ǯĸ˻Ȩṩ翴ĸĹ
ʹƵƵչǰ񼣣Ȼܸϣġ
ΰĲƸ֮ʰġèè񡯡
ɭ鲻Խسš
ûа˿ūҲεؼס衣
ÿһΧһϢԷʱ򣬻˯֮ǰǶسһ飬ҼԼмȡ˻Ҹϣ
ĿǰðĵģҪǼְҵܣȡЩ߼Ĺߺ͸䷽
ϧҪġũˡܣȡΨһ;ջļҲʵʵ14һ׳졣
ڻĸݺͿѹ
й۲˺üȷũūȻЧʲӵϷߵԼȣʤ˶ࡣ
Ҿ㣬㹻Կ͡
ʵʱūĳжλסݵж
ڸ˹ܼҷָʾֿţūܳԸ˳ɱ£ǸɻʱǰӶѳ
жϻ࣬Ҳ˲
Ȼ֪Ӱ죬æ򣬳ɹҲģһӺ󣬾ͲȥĻˡҲֵ
İС˲ִⳭųͷµ㣬ùܼҸ˹˿ЩūǵĸйҲԾغһЩ
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ӻԵɬҲŸ˲ɼ
˵Ļͨժ鷳ЧĻȡֵķʽͲе۲ˡ
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ѲŴСϸľͬԼӵʿ
˹ܼҵһֱ׷̬ʵСˣĴġ
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ǰŵһľѾٶˣֵ׳ꡣ
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Ĳλɹˮֺ󴢲Ϊȡůṩн̿
Ҫǣ⻹ܸṩɼߡֵ1ɼߵļܣڱºض1-3ӣһı
ס˵⻰ǵһͷˮʱͼЦеشϷȡһƽƽ
ԶһЩ
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13 
ۿʣǰؾľɫҲƻ裬Կ޷԰εİδͣ
Ϊһ23óڴսسһСɽ״֦ѣԼϷ1380顪ӽ1.5ľϡ
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͵ջĿ⣬ͷջرȥɡ
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νġ桯ôܰЩ
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ѸߡǹܼݣҼλƸ֮ĸ˹ΪʿŵѾ־㱡
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ܿɷȻ¶ʮͽ˻飬ȴԽԽá
֮ţȻΪչ˸ĸ˫¶
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ů߶У¶ɿĨᣬ̧ͷųһЦݣԹԵ˵֪ģһȽܿһȥġ
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ҪǣҪǡһǾͺˡ
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Ψڼ￴нˣǲİ
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˹һ˿ûӰ졣
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ζҲġ


14 
ϵļݺ̫٣ǰٺһġ
ⲻζϵȱʳȶԴҶƷصĲҵƩë֯ƤƵȸҵ޷չӰ쵽տʼʵʩơڶݵݸõ㹻ָļΪϡ
Խ룬ԽΪҪ֡
ʺϷͷܵĳ࡭˳ĻڶǰõջһԴ
˹شףص£ɳҪʵĵطǸ׸ˡ
ܱΪλϲɳǵھӵģֻбȻվɽ
ȫȻĵвʱǴһ·ֱ£ֱɳǡ
ӵλϿڽɳǵĳǳأʱ;Ǹ˹ܼҸǰɫ³İ¶ǣҲҪҹִܵ
λɳǶλֱ߾ԶһЩеĹģȴɳǺͰ¶öģǸ˹ʱᵽĸ׸ˡ
ֱ۵ԱǲĻǡ׸ǵǼڲ˰˿ڣһǧˣɳʮ
Ⲣܴ׸ǵȫ˿ڣҲɳǵʮϣȴ㹻֤ϵľԶʵɳҪĵöࡣ
ԸɳǵˣҲȫ̼Ƶĸ׸ں󣬲Żҵطġ
ںԻ͵ĸ׸ǵഫţҲЩһͺô֮ڣɳﴫġ
͵ǵĻūԣǸǺȲţ飬ֵ洦ɼǲмԵĸҹ˵ĿԵ϶ɳ˳ԵҪʮĳУǸ㽵ط
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һܣҵ岻ɳˣԲͬУͬҵĴСˡ
һЩǮɳˣȻڴĹ̶ˡ

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15 
ֱ˯ʱ䣬Ȼ˼׸⡣
ﱧϲŻϷȡ˯ǰڴͷèè񣬵ɫü΢ţʱʱյ̾һ
ΪٰļصĹ㳡ҪҪڱĵ·ԱߣҪгȷİȫԺʹıԡ
ͷʹֱ뽫ռ˳Ǳõĵطȴݳ˷ѵؿ˵ˡ
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ңǴʺӡԭеغؾͼճйҲҪиƵĴ
ҵĲƸ֮񰡡
̾˿ԭ§ڻĵϥϣһؿ˽ɫвè۾ţΪķ𣿡
ѡַҪȥȥʯͷѷƽ͹ƽĵ棬ٴµĹ㳡Ҫ˼ǵķĴʽ
ǿ϶Ҫģǵý߶ѷʹܵ֡
رŵһֱһֱ˯ȥˡ
Թ鱧ԹðūǵıҾӶǵѬġʺӡΪһ߱´˵Ļζġ
ܹԼ룬Ҫ˼档ţεļ⣬϶кܶණҪ򡣡
Ϊ˥֮صɳǣԸ㡣
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Щ˵ģȻɳǵƽͷաȫ
Ψһֵһ˵ģɳǵˡ
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Ҫý𶧵ĻֻƸ֮ĵ
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ũˡսʿ͡󹤡ֵ䡣
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ڽ¥ҽأȻСľ룬Ѿ˼ڤ룬ΪʺϽ㳡ĵطˡ
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룬òϵǣΪݶġɳɳɳ졭
Ǽ񫣬
ζݵĿ֣žͽʮָ䣬Ҳգضڳݺ¶ɢһصĴСʯͷѡȥ
Сһһ
ϷϵͳԶ뱳ġʯͷԴͨϵͳ͵䷽ֻǿܿűϵġʯ·顱˵ϡ
һˮ㣬ȻҸɴ䡣
ʹǴĵ׼λˣλΰĲƸ֮èè͵ɳǵʹˣٴʱȻܵ𺳡
һ߸ũһ͵͵ԶԹԸɵԵˣżż๤û⣬ѷɿؽĻ
ˣɭɭλպø䵽ͬһھӣ̲סΣҪʲô
˶λʹʯͷ漣һЩʯڵϣγ·龰ɵúز²
ҪǱ𣿻ҪΪΰĲƸ֮ؽ
ֱӷԸȥͺѽΪʲôҪôء
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õλʹֱܵģũҲǸɵøá
ԭĸ֣˵£ѾѸ׷Ľȡ
ֻҪ죬ʣµĻô˵ˡ
ũǰģѾܵôݵǣӦúԼıֹôܺ޳ܵܺôأ
һЩ˱ȥˡھ˵ȥʺˣҵġèè񡯰¶һҵı飺ܲˣҲֻвӬԸȥˡ
ūɭ˼ز䣺ƽҲȥˡ
Ǽλƽʱļ๤ܼҲȵһȥ
ô˵˵һȷġھЩֻ˵ǱԼʺԹҲֻԹԼҲãסñȽԶŵǹɳζ޹ô죿
šɭ˵ͷߴٵרĸɻɣĵĻ˵˲ء
ǿɲУ
⻰ЧͼӰλھ̰ѾŻũϣСţ˶ôãԲˡǰλһ˵ĻǾҪصȥˡ
뵽ɳһͬ˰㣬ʧȥôλɭ鲻Խش˸
ʹҲܵ˺ǣᵽ֡
һͷİƾϷϵͳĻߣһ˽ݡ-ʯ-ʯ顱-·һ
һɾһ졣
̫£ľҲȲµšУֻʹʮָʱľĵֻʱ䡣
ֵټʱһֽȫ¹㳡ҲǰֳȫĿ
˶̲סˣ鲻Խط˾̾찡һ㳡
һ˽һµĹ㳡
ʲôõģʵ̫ˣ
޵۹۲һԼͶɹֻ˵ǲǿ⡣
Ȼһ仯Ḷ́ýɻΪܡճɹҲһӲݺʯԼɨɾɫ˵ġֻʤƽʯ·ƽضѡ
صװζûУܱ֮ǰ·ҪöˡЩΪó֣׾ĵ桢СС
ȻֻǸ㣺󣬼ȿ԰ҲװΡ
Σܱ֮ǰǸһĳҪ̫ˡ
Լ¹㳡󣬰ڸ˹ĿСĵպ˹ߣǱõǰȥɡ
ԸԹǶǱŴţлҪ˵


16 
ǰ
ɭūţ̲סСĵһͷļ๤ȷ˱飺˵ھͻؼ𣿡
֮ǰ˵ĹǳԹĵȷȷǳһ⡣
ǱϾǹйͶѷʵĴʽСζĻ⡣
˶Ͷ̶ȸߵ޷ǲǰ̸Щġ
ʲôȻҪ˵ڶ飬ЩħģġɵĴ
ܰɭɫڳģȻĵ׾Щū̫ʴȡȴҶԹֳκβͬ뷨
Ǿ뽫ŭйʱײɭϣر㣡Աˣļū
ػЯޣҪɭȥ
ԴӳΪū󣬼ʹɭȽϾѵˣҲûٰܻǼ๤Ĵ򡪡ñ޴ͷһ΢ūˣ˭ء
ڿɭʱ԰Ѿ˳ֻܵر˻ļ⣬۾ϡ
ֱȥڵ⽫Ϊͷľٶֻı޴
ʲô
ʱһͻȻڲԶ
ܻûת˭ȴǹеŭҲŲʱɭ˸
ӲطޣŴع
ˣȻλ죬ǿƵ̬ƹ˳Ǳľ޴ʧĸ˹ܼҡ
Ҷ̷¡ǽӴĮޱĸ˹ܼҵߣɭľͲܿƵطë
ǣ˹ܼԱ̬ϰԵ鵲ģ΢΢üĹ¡
Ȼλ嶼ĿɭѵһĻ
֣ΪʲôҪô־壿
ֻҪ޴һԲѷūѰҲΪܵȨ
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㡣
˹ܼԼ࣬ͬʱժ䡢ʵѾٶõޡ
Ϊʿȥó彣ɱУ뵨ð߽о
Դ׷ڰߺĽ겻Ҳ𽥱µĴʴˣöҪñֶΡ
ȣ񡣡
˹ȻͦʵұȻɫı˶û»һ°仡ߣģȻеҾƤⱬİɭҽУ

Ԥ׵ʹðɭȻгסƤľҲ࣬ʹվ޷άֻ֣Ǳعڵϡ
˹ƵúܺãʹľȴҲֻͷƤըľƤˣȴΣ
ʹɫΪɭҲãūɭҲգС˵һͷȲϵı΢ڵ׿ǰԸðĵ²õ¡
Σȵʻȿڡ
˹Ļû˿
ڽƽ޲ָɭΥǵĵڶط󣬾ֱǧĵڶޣ

һ½ʵʵ˰ɭұϣ˲ѡѪҲλƽʱŰܷ˱ūܱʱĽ
񡣡
ӸµظڵϣˮѪİɭ˹ɤʼնûа㲨ղűֱӵ£ҵ۾ػ
һк󣬸˹ݵһ˦ޣдİѪҺ˦ٹһ䡣
˾ηĿУһͷνýӥȮػصİСߡ
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üͷж˽İĵµԸжһĲĸ˹Ѿʾųˡ
˽ȥưɡ
Եɵر޴ūİɭûжͬ裬ġ
ˣҲŰɭǵһ£ʹ˸а
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Ĺܼ˲⡣
ǰɭʹģʶУо׹ߵվɳϵÿūֻ˵ĲƲūûΥׯ԰ɷоʱ޶𺦵²Ʋıǿܵĳͷ
ڵʴȣû͵̼ϡ˹䵭޺İɭ˵ţΪ˳ԵɵʧӽҲūˡ
찡¶𣿡
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ӰճڳǱŴʱ˵ĿȻҲѽһĻ۵ס
ֻ̬ķչʵūǿþ㱣С
еλĳİ⣬ǶϲŰĶϰ
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ֻǰ̫ࡢľǣʹʵڲе·һ⣬Ѿʧȥ˶ͬͬ
Ȼû뵽ǣλƽֻܶ˳ǱǼλͬ׷Ź⡢мڶ࿴һ۵ĸ˹ܼңȻ˵վ
ŷһУ˶ɵۡ
ƽʱŰԵƢ壬ٻʮūİɭ˵汻Ѫ졢ڵʹ෭һ°ܺݣΪūݣ
¶𾪵ūУ˴Ǯȥֺİյġ
е¶һؿҪ˱ɭܱ޴ġ
ǺܿзӦ
ԭһƬľãȻ۵ףҲֳ˱ľסѹôĿ̹ǳޡ
¶۾ؿλ
˶ؿʹǽѵūζ񶾵ʱĵôʹҲ¶ͱˡ
ع
ΰĲƸ֮èè񰡡
¶ĬĬš
ϣΪױԼϸõʵָ׵Ը
ҲͬϣҪλ˴Ҹʹϳֱʧ顣
ȻزˣղһЩūͶ򰲵ɭĿ⡣
ɭˣǿ֪ġ
ִɵ˼άؿ΢һȴʹԼӲ
ϣٱǶԴ˶һͬʵġ
¸ʱԽ޴ӱȽϣɭƽʱôˡԹޣΪūӣҲ̫Ѱ
෴ĻҲֻò̵ʩ߳յܺܵһС
̾
⵱ȻĴʽ
ĿǰԱȽϺʵˡ
ȥɡûж࿴̧ȥƵİɭҲûп֪ʲôʱĬĬعһأм۵ūǣֱֻظ˱ָʾپ۵Ǳ


17 
齨ģִǰһЩ־Ըʱȡľ飺ԼйҲǰͱ̭˵ĺޡ
ӱһлﶼԽѷʵѭͨҶϵĻãйﱻתΪʸֳʣԹӰ죬ҲܴٽľĲũĲ
ǵÿ޿ҪһʱзֽѷʣۺϿɳÿͥƽֲҪķȫŵϿԣ
ÿ˼ҽݻҪֻƵʸ̵˫Ӷѷʲ
췽Ѿдã˹ˣֻΪȷܺͼ๤ǲṩ֧͵ˣҲΪū˽Ҫԣ߸ݾ
ҪԲƸ֮壬ε
ϾҪɣȴҪ
ԡ˵ľãĿУİõذܵèè񣺡ҹҵõµ͡ΰĲƸ֮èèڿиɳǣ˯ͽʱk޷ۻķ㱩¶ҰУҲ޷ϵͽĳڽӴˮƵϴôΰԸ
ţͷʹһϵ̬̣ԡèèǻۡ巢ȥͷʹˡ
ңΪ˸ļʼ֮ǰãȻڽԭҪµظɻūǷ˼١
ũʣѾˣʣµҲ졣
лʵĻȻԽԽá
Щ󣬰ԴЦĿ⻷һܣʹ˲Ƹ֮ǻۣʵʩʱҲһССѡûǾΰèè񡯶ͽǵĿ顣ÿһλԸ⹱׳Լǻۣͨο顢󱻲˵ˣūҶн귭ͽµľݵĽǰһٸܱΪϸ񡯵Ĳ޼˼ңҲܵõ·ݵľϺʯͷΪ
ʵµġСʵǷܽ⡣
⻰һ˵۾ৡˡ
ʵǺ֮ǰġֻ֪͡һҪȥִС
ڽȴһǶƽūԣЩʵ̫ˣ
ֵʿ󣬰͸ɴɢᣬɵȥһϢ
ʵԭ뷨ĻҲӵһ̶ϵļũūֱȥūݣġ
ϸǹǾƽ
ϾõҪϸķɡðճԱůỷԼ㹻ġ̬ȹִߵĻϵġ
ɳǣĿǰһûеľ
Ҫһ̫࣬ܵЩεūܵߵİݺ
һȻڵȻ󲨡
˶⼸£˵ĺü춼µˣǸСĶȻ͵Ҫһ쳣ѣԱũҪѶˡ
Ӧǡ
ôǻۣôõһٻ˼ҵõĽأ
˵ˣŻü๤źʵˣǸǰʾһĿʱ䣬ֻʣ½ҪȥЩС
׽ھ࡮ˡڴģֻСС¶
һ߳Ĭظһ󣬳ȥһ˼˸ղŵĻ
ѽ˵ôһ㹻ȥũˡ
ŬΪŮԵȻǱöģµظɻϣΪ˴档
ʱܶ
ͨĻܸӽλĴʹһЩɣ
뵽㣬¶ͽס÷ɿĵ߬ȭ
СŮľģʱû
ҹ˺üˡڱ㹻õнƣūǲŴҸЦݣֻ˲㵥ϯĵϡ
ڶһ磬ӵ糿貵Ľ𷢵ˣ͸߸˵ϸͷҳϵĹܼҺʿ½֡
ҪľϣΪĲϺͷݽҲͬʱҪľְֵ߽ҵܡ
濳òֺʱūҲɵ飬ΧһȦޱܰ´˽еĽͶ
ڰ̬ŵṩȶĶѷԴ⣬ˡ
һ˫ӶѷʲĽṹɣԳƲϸӣƽھ1.5ķοտӣýʵľӶõȦһľĵذӣԼ󹣺֦ϲ㹹
ڴûĲūǣű˹ܼҽнǱҹ䴫ڵİµܿʵ̫ˣ
˹ʹýƻƵͰʪӲβ⣬˲Ǿ͵ؽ𣿻ǰڸӡйϵģѾǷǳˣ
µʱðǣȴаʡ
Ͱ
ϸͼָֽʾūʱֻƲסۡ
УṩôõľϣɱõľĶ̫ˣȻҪѸūǽʵ̫ݳޣ̫ݳˣ
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ӱȽϱūǣֻˡŶŶҪӡ֣žֻʣȫãȻˡ
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װûʼ˻ǿ黨˺ü˴ʱȥĵװ嵽ʲôõġʱѾ³;ˡ
֮ҪͿĨҺɰʵԵһҪܴ֮ܺ
µĴ׺׼ĿľܣΪųľµĳõġ
ӱԵֱΪƽʱҪϡż̧׼
ѵװ尲ǰӵĸҶֻΪ˷ֹζΪʲôڼϵװ֮ҪĨһɰأ
УǿֻװйҺҪŽͰ滹п̶ȡҺĸ߶ȴﵽһ̺ۺ󣬾Ҫˮൽˮߵִڶ̶ˣſԶľ׵ʹˡ
ʵ̫ˣȴʳ
¶ֻܶԷѾ˼ţȴ֪ʶƣܵõ𰸡
˳֪УֱӽҺϣǻкġ
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깤ʱﶼޱȵİ£˿
ͻȻﻹһԲƸ֮Ŀ顣
һЩԼҪ̫ļһǵãĿ⣬Ȼ˿κڴǾľ壬ʵظ⣺ΰĿǣľͷٶȱ


18 
˻شˣ
òʱŰµĻ㱨ЩˣҰɡ
￳һջ˹1Ĵֵ2.5ľģȫƵջķᡣ
Ȼ˵ԭ򣬵һֱеԵظͬĶǵûеᷳЩ֭񫡣
ɫҹﶺ̫ȫĻеЩδİϷϵͳǿƵ˯ʱġ
ȴûȥЩԥ˵£ֻǸСŮǸū
Ҫһ춼ûͨƸ֮Ŀ飬¶ʵڿֹǰధԼ˱֤ǾԲҶϷĻġ
𣿡Щȣһ̾չЦˣĵĻǾ͸ˡɡ
һūСŮǸûлõκĽġ
ҵԼµĴ𰸣ǲѣʴӱ
ٲãҲܿһɼΡ
ôš
ڲЩСҲָ1/3󣬾ͣ˽ͣʣµʳ͸һߵĲ¡
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˹ŵһ¶ָ˵Цݣʲõؽ
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¶ڱ˶Ե÷˼Ľ󣬰۾ȴ
΢΢ţ¶һĨЦݡ
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ø¡ĲȫȼշʽƻάأľĵıõֵȴҲľĻ˽ϳķʱڡ
ܺá
΢˼£΢ЦſŵصȴеСŮĴ𰸣Ƹ֮ʮơô¶ѯ˿ûΪͺмǷܣΨһۼĸЩľͷˡҪͨèèĿĻҪʱһΣ̸ûеõƸ֮µǻ۵ˡһкһõĽԸⳢһ𣿡
װˣԸ⣡
¶ԥػشţͨһȫСʣǣˣĻԲҪӺнΪ𣿡
һֱڱϰĸ˹΢ۡ
Ϲܼ׼ǳ֪ҵŮʱ͵õС˵⣬ֻð˻ȥ
¶΢ЦʣҪĽʲô
¶ŶȴŬĿ˵˳ң롭ûκα꣬ҲڳǱŮ͡
ԡů̫µֻ벻һеÿ춼ܼ̫ĵط


19 
ڳǱŮͣ
Щζգգۡ
¶ϾֻǸֻꡢʶǳĺӣһū
ܲ¶ʲôʱĸ̹ҪҪʲôѵõ˲ţԸ⻳ſݵ̬šֻҪҪ̫֣
ȴû뵽𡰸õķӡǡӷнꡱʽ¶Ҫһݳõ湤Ϊϡ
ǳĳ졣
롣
˹ܼҵɫѾ׺
ҪܵĹͺٹֻ̣ҪСڡͲ⿪ڣǵҪǳ̰Ůūˡ
ŻµţĿȴޱȼᶨ¶ųЦݣǸĺӡҪֻô
ԸΪ׳еҳϣҲǡ¶߾ȫѹԺеĴʻ㣬ĵϣʵؿţΰèèģұ˽ԣҽ
˵Щ
ӽڵĶġ
Ҳ˵ʱѡļ֤èè񡱣ϾŪҵԴ顯ıԼ˶졣
翵ģж
Ӣǵèè̫ҪæˣΪʵͽӦСȥͷk΢Ц˵Ѿˣɡ
¶սսվ󣬾ͼλÿһɫ˿·ԵЦŶ˵ֻҪͨèèĿ飬ҲӦҪ󣬻ࡣ
¶ܹܽ㷺õɳǽĴĿĽӡɼгĻͳ˲۲۵ļ˲ˡ
ôͣȫƵǱޣȻֻܱڳǱӻŮ͡
ΰèè񰡣Ȼˣ
¶صɴۣðβʶԼ汻Ӧˣ
˼㣬Ʋסع䡣
һߵĸ˹ܼҵĿⶼûвκģڽͰ͵ʾл󣬾ʵΪĴ˰亹İ뿪ˡ
˹űϺ󣬰ЦŲͷ޹ؿ򱡴Ĺܼңһ룬Ҷ¶̫˰ɣ
˹üĿ˼ػش𣺡һλϸʹӲӦӰ˵ľ
ɲҵū͡Цݲã˹ҪĹܼŵǾҵҰһճȫ뿪Ҫء
֪ǹʱԼ˹ﵱжůڵģ˵һ߸˵ͨŵˡ
̾Ľɫ΢ڽϸϣһƬ͸ŵӰǿ֡µҵʱִټͲøôɿˡɳҪʵ̫ࡣΪͨèèĿ飬ҪֵϵĹǸӣһѡ
˹۵ؿİСˣ£һжǿɺ޵׵Ĵ
ȻֻҪһᵽ׵֣˳תƿ˹ע
һֱԵίڻĸ˹ﻹ˵ǲ۵СŮūԶ׿Ϸйȥˡ
֮󣬾ڸ˹¶ȻǸ̰ĽƻũūȻõµģҪڳǱŮ͵Ҫ󡣵ȻΪèèԸп֮Щ
ңĹ庭ǰʿķ緶¶оٲֻҪûð˻˲һȻ簲ɭɵȥһСūŮ
˹ƽԴȻ¶ǱԼԭ
ԳﰲΪ׵һȺǱʹ౰ɵСŮū֪ƾʲô£ȻĹƵǱ˵棬ܴһȺ˸ɻ
ԴԼ֮󣬰ݻͷһôһˡ
ֺüΪ˷ĳúõ񣬶òء
Ҫð֪ݵļĵĻرʾĲʵ̫ѳˡ
ÿоϸĸ˹ܼҵƣλϲö˵νġζʵ̣ʳġıɱζٵĳ
򣬰λְ޷áӰĳΪλƢõò񻰵͵ĵһˡ
ʵϣȥע¶Ľȡ
һáƵʡ㣬̫ѹ
Ϊ͡èèʹߡҪ£Ѿæˡ
žٰļޣԽԵʱ䱦
µΪѧ޽ͷöǵøµİæýŲմء
´ˣˡ
ƽɾ㹻⣬߱ŵļй㳡Ϊ˱ʾ̻ӣ΢һЩ˼ġ
ĵȴһ׳ʱҰÿһ깡ڷָص¢ϣڼªĹ㳡ܣһտ
տӣȻϷϵͳġ
ҲǰϷװŵġƷֺٵÿΨﲥֵˡ
ϷտӣֻҪ̶8죬պܸļʼ
ܿѲΪʳ۲õĿܱջʱܵõե͵Ļ⡢Ի0-3ӵݲ
Щɶðϲŵ㡣
㲻եͣʳ㡢õʱŸԼֲѳӵʳҲǲġ
ʱ˿ǿ
ְҵܵȻǵȼԽߡԽġҪǰһľֵܽ
ڰ֪ƣտ£ջĳɹǾ˵ģϷѷŵģ10ľģ
5ң㹻ȫɳǵ˽ľƵķӽˡ
ǽúԼ濳ֵĵһҲóˣпպԼȥҲš
һţһϰԵر˱װèè񣬽һ桯ڴϡ
۾պϣϷϵͳ׼ʱĽ塣
ɼߡһְҵܣѾ5
ڴǰ죬ɼߡ4ʱͽáÿ25%ľĲı״̬⼫̶ȵؼӿľϵٶȡ
5ɼߡģǡҺɼ䷽
Һɼ
̲סۡ
Һµ󣬵ڳڵľԴȴҪˡ
ԴӰӹܼҸ˹ǵ֪һֱڳǱĲֿһڶʮͰơٵȥһǮʱʹϷϵͳﱻΪġͰע⡣
Һɼռ֬߼Ϻ;ͰĲϰ
ϧѴ󹤷ҲҪһݵõ˽̬ѷʲİںϵ䷽
ǰٷְɾƵĵߡͰȴʵ̫ˡ
ȻĶ
ֻϧ֪Ϊʲô׿ɰèèһֱֻϽ𶧡
һóƸ֮ΪֹѾȥˣȴͭӶûֻн𶧡
û뵽ԼȻôݳ޵ķաܴӲϼֵڼֵǽ𶧸ѻȡֵߡ
ƫƫͰ䷽50ľ⣬Ҫͭ
һݡ
װ󰡡
šԡ̬ӴЦеؽɫвè˻
Լ°͵èè⻬ͷ۾һȫͬƽʱ졢ԵͳɤʱҿԿһöͭ𣿸лèè񡣡
ʶţȴͽԸèè񣬻·𶼱Ⱦů¶ȡ


20 
ɷµˡ
ʵϣȻֻƸ֮ÿṩĲͬ¼
ճ˵𶧵ļֵߣֵļҲӦñ趨ڽϵֵ
ųȻټȴҲڡСʡķΧڡ
ڴ峿һ󣬷èèצצϹһƳγεͭʱСоϲ⣬ûκλɡ
΢ЦŽͭèèצսϷڿ˵צϷһժµʻ䣬˵ɰèè񰡣лʵͽԸҲҡ
䣬ؽƸҲһͬսϷȻ뿪ҡ
ڿüȲòҲȫŵ͹ݵİճŸ˹ܼҵǰʱͨǱĴһĻĳﰲݣͷĵƽʱΪֵǼһҿ˴ĸӣҲգش⣬ܿʢһ롣
ޣһİõؾ׽Լݶ⣬һ߷߷߲ƽţ벻ףΪʲôҪЩ౰ɵūЩЩˣֻſڵϿõĲݸ
ĻܿǼλʹӵĹ
˵ĵʵ̫ˣ˸ţȥֻ߻ȺǱ̰ģ
һҲ˵˲Щֵءľ˰½ǽ찡治֪Ϊʲô˹Ȱˣȥҵģ
Ҳе˴Ǻ棺˳һ䣬ȥЩūĲҿѾвѾˣӰõ˽ء
ʳ⻰ˣʵѾ͵͵Թˡ
Щ½ùֵġ˵治˹⣬ūһֻ洦ҸطԼйľͰռȻ㵹ĺ
ǵһȫڵĵطЩѲСء
˼ǣһҲҲСȹڡʱĻ䵽ϱķ㣬Ա߾СͰװҺͿҶһͺˡ
ߡݲм˵ֻпڵϿİ棬Żɢŵζ
˲ڨڨˡ
Դ̰ڡʹĹܼҸ˹ʿŵǣζеĹɺɻսսİݵˣҲԽԽˡ
źǰλͺᣬֱɵģƺǳƭǾĹܼҸ˹Ҳ˿ûвÿ춼͵͵һЩ⣬ؼȥ
ǰݵ˵ԽԽţѾ˹͵͵Ժ͵õĵز
ֵôõ⣬ƣЩūôԣ
ԽԽǷ޷ޣ͵ʱҲԽֱ׳
Ϊ񣬲һΪĽĳǱ˵ǣõĴȻЩūһôƵǺأ
ūɻҪشʳģȵĳæͷ󺹣ЩūȴֻҪ룬űΪǵºúȵˣ
Сǣ
ڴһٺ󣬰Ȼеŭ
ٴνҿĸʱֱ쳤ӣݺݵ˿ĭ
ǱūȲĭҲҲŶԡ
һеİݣ΢еĿʱ۽ȴ׽һСӰ
˭վ
ݵ˲俩һ£ϽŤͷȥ
ǸǱĬСŮūʱյĵʱͷˣԭСӣ㰹۾ʲô
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һëû롢ҪûҪƨûƨɵūҲ֪ͨʲôֶΣƻ˸߹ˡ
ȻƵǱܾµȨ˵żһūһľ嶫ܡ
թŮūʲôϷͷĵظŹ۲
˴ôõľ塢ȴøֹŹֵķľյúġֱöѿֲõʱ͸ˡ
˾Сƭ˵ģ
¶һ۾ȴ⡣
ɤȴۣͯȴһѪȫûצģŵ
ȻȺɷĴվλָ߳㲻͵˵ʹ͸ū㣬Ȼҳǿڹ¿ˮ
Ȱݷ¶ѾȻθΪŭޱȼ񡢼紩͸ͯһ͸վڸ˶Ϊʱõľͬһڹ㾹Ȼ˺մĵĭĹ
Ļӣ
ּǺ졣
ץס¶µ˺飬ֺһʱȴ׷С¶ֻܻغţϣҪ˵Ǹͷ
˵⼸ˣγѣΧס¶һȥˡ
¶ǶסûߵۿŰѾһ߲ŪнõĿس˹Ѿ¶¥׼
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һƽЩֻȻ
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ϵķһıҲȫסˡ
תȻһԸղѾ˳šȴ֪ʲôʱ۷˵Լ
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µĵأȷʵٺòˡֻģܻᱻֱɵļһáԼȴһأԶ˹˵ԲҪ˹ŵʿһػϰЩ֪ܵϳǲĵطҲǵµߣ˵𣿡
һ飬¶ãʹ졣
ոջšƱŵĳﰲݣԼáһ𷸴Ǽһ𣬱Լɵǿ׳Ͱ˵ϣʵʵ
Ǳ֮󣬼λȥͱȰݵҪöİŮ˽Լһ󣬾ͿʼĲоˡ
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Ȼ֪ܲͨΰèèĿ飬ԼȻ΢ЦһãȻ¶С˵ֵصǣѾ˳ͨ˸˹Ŀˡ
Ǿ»Ҳ˾άҳϡ
Գ﷢ⳡС粨һֱҪСַľĸ˹ȫ̶ƿš
ǵæһİصǱɵʱֻǲζͿڸеĲͬ
λֱŵĳЩˡĸ̾ţװĹܼǸ˹Ļһ͵ˡ
ʵϣǳǱո˳¡
˹΢ؽ췢һ顣
˹ǣһʹҪģϾĹУʥʹҲΥɵѽߺԥش̳һˣȴѵõûж԰ݽ̵³ʾ
ȷʵѵõضŭˡ
ȱʳĴ󻷾£ʵѾܵԿݵ̬ȥԴÿΪ֪Ϊٹ̵Ľײ¡ִġˡ
ūڼ͵£͵˹⣬һԲ˸еõġ
ÿȥַľһЩȥһЩɣʵܼ򵥡
뾡ԼܣϵڵõȶʳԴǰͨЩ;΢һӪ
ʹΪϷϵͳĴڣܱ˸ɵػȡʳ
ȴζţ̳ĺȺ֮
г˳ɵˣÿĹȴΪʳȱÿΨһڵΪ͡
ΪǱĳԭĽȴԡūֻΪĳͶɹƿЦɣʳ
Щ㣬ʴȵèè̼ʵͽǵ
Цˣе¶Į飺ӵС͵޳ܵ˵ߣΪèèͽūùʲôȥɡ
ҲͰˡֻſڰʳõĲݸ
ڸ˹ݵоǱڽ̼ϣͺʳֱɳһ߹ǼܣҲӦá
ľ鲻Խ¶ο΢Цˣ𾴵ĵ¡


21 
к󣬰ݵ˳ɵˡ
廨ڵϴţֱǱǿӲקȥʱմجһزҽҲţҪˣ
ƽʱðݸеģλޱȵĹ¶ūʵ̫ãЩӦūǹøõġ̫塱ˡ
̵ǣ´ҪץһʱʵҲΨһ̾λǡڷĵġ
졣
Լɫ䣬һߵǰƵ͵ԡϵ˸ķϡ
ӸµضЦһΪ㣬λĴΪش۵׼ɡ
ʱѾƽʱڳǱһӦĳˣˣо֮ǰµĶоڸ˹¡˳ȥ
ǣһ𱻰ȥͳǱ˵ݣΪ΢ū﹤ǵļǣ֮ǡ
ϰ˱µĳԴūǣԼȹǱ¹ĭǡⱻ͵ˡ㣬ǡݾȻΪǿڹ¿ˮʵǳŭ
ô˰ΪԷгԷʱСأġ
ƫƫΪܽӽλʹ֮һİݣȻñǧеĶħһ㣬ڱ񶾵µıо
˿˰ݵ۾˲䶼ȼ˳ӵܻ档
ôõʹɹǰĲңᱻô޳ܶ񶾵оģٲԸԵʩ⡭룡
ˣݱǱϳǱŵһ̣Ȼǿ׳ǶסȺ鼤ߵˡ
㾹ȻҺˣ
Ǵһŭһӵϣİȭߣ޲õ
Լ˹عһȥסǣˣס֡Ϊ˵ĴȱĻᡪ۵Ļٵʳ΢ֲȥ˷ѵıʳ
λʹõĵ£Ϊʴȶˡ
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ڿȻݽӣֻ
ޣˣ
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Ǹλ˽ųѬԭеԱߣһ̻ΪԼʧȥĹϵʹؿţһ̾ͱϢǿҳζ˹ȥ
ʱ˿̣ʹ䵽Լϣĺˡ
λ´ǰĺ³κιע
ϵһаٷϴˣΪ÷æʵʱÿһȺ֮޳
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һһ޵Ĳ㣬һð˳һưܲūСγԱȡ
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ڲ޿ϵĲľݣΪ󷽵˿ǰʰȡ֦ΪϵȨޱƯ
ǰܿڡνӵĿľܵĴڣֻʹúϸһСͿҶΪйĵطȴһζûУ
ūǾϲطһȻʶԼﻹҪɾסҪʡ
ðЦõǣϺܿʹسūѡ˯½Ĳݶ̮Լҵ
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ʮϵĿȡĲؽҲǴ´ġ
ͬζһ׼ǣ¶ƶĳԺڳɼ
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ԲȻ壬ūǻڡ¼ҡϲʱֱټˣṩµľϣԽµķݡ
赭дǣõµ͡ǡΰèèΪ̫ưܣаհԴϵͽǽ¼ҵȨ
һ£ɳǶ׷ڣ˲۲۵ķ
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ڼ򵥵һк󣬰͹ϻص˳ǱС
ʹ˴ţظŰ壬ɸ˵棬㲻ϻеūġèèֵ
ʹֱô˽ʹĿȳĿʱҲǻе˼ġ
򶨵ϣӦĺ󣬾ͺȻʶ˺ƽʱһĵط
˹գۣʼնûбֳκȰ˵ͼĹܼң˵˵һΪҽȰ˵ء
Ӣġ˹ѿڶһõز˾䣺һǵèè񡣡

ΪһִһЩ˼롮Ⱦˣǡһʱǲ¡
ܾãλܸɵܳĹܼңѾز׽һ㡮С˻èè塢Լ顯ͷˡ

һ죬һ۾͹ȥˡ
һ죬Ƕ˵깤ӡȡÿ˶ľϺΪ˲ũļ϶᲻˯ֻ˼ַЪϢƴ׷ʱ䡣
ֻо깤ܾµأΪôõر
һ죬ҲļҪʼӡ
ֻ꣬ƶһͶεͬɳԴʹٺ󣬾ͽϵس񼣡
λò˼Ĵ˵Ĵ£˺Ծ˵ĿٽŸָɱ䡣
סƬϵ͸еĿϾӣֻκؽԴԴϵľϲ
ļ£ȫĶͶԼסˡ
԰۹⿴ЩȻޱȼªġػûУֻľ˼򵥵ڲ֧ſܡȻĽ³ʸѩΣһƬƬûСȥʣµպҵӲݶ΢ݳޡһЩģʹôӺӱıƽʯ顣
ˣܱ֮ǰһ©©ҡҡ׹ִᶼԶԶġݡҪá
ɳǵľ˶ԣȴǵһܽӴôõľϣܲڷصڼϢݷݵʱ䣬ôƯֽʵ̵ķӡ
ڰͷ֮ǰҪôõľͷıյ㣬ʵδšֻҪ˵ľͲ˷ɣֻȻš
ȻæʱصǣҲﲻظϵɳǡ


22 
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ļٰʮ죬ִ֧ɳǵ, Խڸ׸ǵ˹̶ӡ
Ϊ׵, Ȼ֧ĿĴڣΪǰ, ҲΪŵΪ۽ŸоεƯ·
, 沿, һѪԵϵģ˵ǻһ޵ˡ
ĵѾƵϳ, ͷȴŴӵк˴ĺëƤñ, Ƕ10Űɫ顣
ŵɫ, µǱ۽Ƥѥɸɾϸܵÿӷ촦ѥףûմ϶ա
Ǿ̶֧ӵ, ˹ֵܡ
Ҫ˵ɳλ, ϴʺԱľ, 治طˡ
˹˲ϵı, ܱܵԹţԽԽԲˣûǮǵĻϴδȻֻһȫǸġ⻹ÿȥ磬Ŵ۸ڶĹܼõ˻Щ˵ǵĻȫǱλµ, ǰͻȻ, ҲעûҪˡ
˹µĻ, ڼڳѬʺӱ, ǵĻҲɱմŵĳζþöδɢȥ
ֵϲƵСҪԾڸ׸һѲëƤ̡
ӪƷͣҰƤëСĺƤëЩܱڷθСëƤÿ۳һܸǴƵ
ȻȱҲԣڱΪϲеĸ׸ǣƷҲ󡪡ٲǸ˹ֵܸе֡
ɸ߶ڳп̶ӣɰʱ仨Σյ·ϡ
ӿĩ˹̶Ӷڲͬĳ䣬ϸһС
ﲻϽʱǵġ
Ǽʶ㡢ϰ;ļֵܣɳǵĹ⾰¡
Ӿȥɳǵ·ǸƲңԶ
Ƕӵ·;̡޷òǶɳǾлԭ
ֵ˵Щǲõ·ϻǿ
˹ǳ飺Ϊɳ̫ˣ˶м
ǳּȡѵˣǳǰ˳ӣֻ
ҪǴʶĺ˵Ǳĳӭܳ󡢲ű¹ʹĻһˡ
ʹʵ̫ˣһֻԾϱߵǶжţȻݣϹж谮λӣʹʲô챦ǱΪʹõò
ΪΨͼˣ˹Ȼһ˾жòȤ
עǡλôܱ³谮ĹˣʹǱϳҲһűǰλҪɣ
ڴĵض˺ͳŻڰ͹ƽŢ·ϻѾңңǱ¥
˹ǸеǣϤİ߲ǰȻվԡ
ɳˣ
ڶݵĲ˹֮ܿˡ
һ׵ɳǣҪٰһһصĴ󼯣ƽмֵطϹȥһͬ˰ƵڲҲû˻һٵ˵ĳŴˡ
ڵĻϾȫΨһһλŰ
ֺŽ׳ġ۸ڶĹ壬ǣҲų
Լʮǰűŵʿѵʱʱϸڵ˹˵ĵ⡣
ܾḻһ۾ܿǶɬͽţϸز鿴ǵļȻԷС
һΪλ˰ţΪ˰ء˹ܵܵ˵Żû뵽һͭҶûҪ
ֺǺǵ˵˿ǵСǮ
ɲһǺ¡˹ࣺϣῴǴĻźá
ſһˣ֮ǰȫ˫߳ġ·һʯ·ȡһֱ쵽һɫĻ̡ԶȥһƬγεĻԡ
ǲ˼顣˹ɴ˫ۣΪǴԼκιϵֻܵĹ⿪Ļ԰ҵһμôĻһǺһӰɡ
ڹȥʮÿٶҪһɳǣﲻ˵ϤŴӡġ
ɳǵ˵һɲ䣬˵ԽԽˡӲݴҰɢŶĺӹưܲķݣƼݵĳԸҲ˱ԽԽ٣һɳӴĻᡣ
ҪûǴĻλɳǵʱ䣬һ°ɣܼҪֺ븻ʮĴУ˹Ǳڲı仯𾪵ˣ˵ӦǸϢԸ⿴һǵĻ٣㿴ʲô
ԣɢҰķݵȫòҲ𽥽ǵߡ
ūǾȻȫڸ·ӣѵµ𣿡˹ţ˵ֻһЩջ˵ľͷͦģŶŶҵţǵôôҪˣ
˹ǲ۲۵ˣ֪ĳڶ˽ĵز
˵ҲҪĸ²ջ񰡣
ɳ˹ǰأƬƬȫѾཬڵף
ۻ˹̲ס߽׵Ŀȷ׵״̬ôܣ
ִÿˣ
һȴͻȻӲԶ
˹ʶջ֡
ֻԴһۣһݣԥһ񣺡ʮֱǸˡ
ղųǳçײֹģһθߴһͼ۸񲻷ƵĴ׵ʿ
ҪǣǱĽϣдĵľ¶ܻա
һʿ
Է΢üĿһܺ󣬲΢ɣ˾䣺ЩӡĹֵ
˹ϹϾعҪٿԭʱͱ⻰ŵˡ
ˣղ˵˹̧ͷͰ͵ʣЩǵµģ£
õʿ׿϶󣬡Ȼµءũ˹㵣һ˲䣬ԶԶˡµӡڶ̶̰Ѿӽڵĳ̶ȣ
Ⱦ㱵˹һ˷Ӧλʿ㵭ؿסĳһۣ˾䣺ļʼĵصҪˡ·ߵͷ̫ΧסǸ㳡ǿԶڷŻ̯λĵط
𾪣Ѿ˹ľˡ
ǴӸոʹŵ죬ֱڶûϡ
˹ؿλ䵭ȴʴȵظָʾʿԶͻȻʲôϽ롢Եһ£ʿˣԸ׸ǵƤëˣ˵һλ߹ˣһϺõĻԸʣܲΪ


23 
׸Ƥ, Ҫң
գգۣˬشӦˣȻԡǽɡ
ڽļʼӣľͷħͣ˷ɨֵľٶ
ϾԼɳǺĵһδ̻, ܵС
һص׺տ, ҲҪ½ˡ
ҪеĴũˡֵ, ͺõ˼㡣
˹ŵ¡Ц˵Լ, Ҳ°ɡ
ȻĿǰɲϴóƤ, ܹһңӶԷɳ, ֪ʶȤҪݼ, ܿԷԴٳĿͳˡ
û뵽Լ, ԼۣܳĽŲҲ˲סˣǣǵ, £
˹ؿһ, ûзκۡ
λʿǱ⡢ȴ˹һ, , һʲôε
˹ʵЩᡣ
ģĿǰΨһλ
ܣʧȥϳͨͨС˵ҲֻҪһ棬͹˴һӵĴ塣
λ׵ܵûҽڰľλ, λԺ˵бٻĿܡ
ôһ, ǰݼǰʱµ, Ե̫, ٵüظ
ⳤ;棬ԭ׬ǮˡѵҪⱾ
ԥ˼һСҵֳʵǽȫĻﶼϣλ߹еĵҲһԸ࿴һۡ
ѣ˹亹ٿȻˡ
ǰҪ̫ģðԸӼǵλ¡
λ֮ǰҼ߹ֻһλоȴѾ㹻ϲŭ޳ˡ
һ津ŭλˡ
˹³ܿ¶˾ġ
λ߹ĵ£ԸӼǡӶڼй㳡ϡǡʱǱűǰλʿƿˣʾǸԼ󣺡
仰⣬ûٿڡ
֮ǰ⸻ûʵöĳǱеĴȴٵÿ˹Ѿʼˡ
֪˶ãλʿĴ£һȽյĺľǰ
ˡ
ϧʿͣ½ŲƵض仰󣬾͹ʾˡ
˹ԼоԼһöȴԼŹĴ
ӦʿѾְϣƿ֮ǰζؿ˾ִٲĶһۡ
ס
԰һ֪ˣʿѵúĵһ䣺һ̧ͷֱӵʱҪ˻Ҫеڶ񡣡
ȻͽŻƿǶˡ
˹˲ö룬ϽУ˵һ񣺡ɳΰˣ
ֵ̧ۣλϵ˵һ˲ƵֵͬʱʧŴ죬ϳһޡԵЩĿհס
ʱȥһСȣ͸ĴڣԵøɾֿ
ʹ͸γ⣬ҲֲͷԵ𷢡Ҫ
ŨܵĽ£һ˫ƵյտʱԴЦǣһԴУҪԵС
ѩһϸ׵ļµٿ̵Ҳë٣޳ȳƵ֫ǺܷɵǣͬʥʹŴݵ֦ϣӯչŽ׵
ǱƫľòѾ᲻ƿ۾еͷĿѣˡԴԸ߹ѪǷֹ鲻Խη
ѹ֡
˹㱵룬ѹϹΪʹ谮˼㣬λֶʮֲбҲδö׵֡
ĵλᣬӣûзѾߵ
ĸȤؿ⽥ִƤñӺѥӵֵܣ΢ЦʣǾǴӸ׸Ƥ𣿡
ޱĸ˹ܼңصؿŽմ˴ӻѡ
ޣ𾴵Ĺ°˹ڶеޱֹǵϥأ˾ͲȫſȥˣӢ֪ǵȷԸ׸ǡţѾ׵׵رµǳصˣ

ϲزŶɳ仯𺳡ɳǵȰ˹ãȻգۣǵЦҲ΢΢סˡ
ʲô
óƶʹôţ˹ɫ򼤶ǵͨ졣
һֱΪԼɫ̤ôУô˵ʱƹݶùˣֻڽƤߵļ۸
ζû뵽ƫԶɳǣԼȻ½εĻȫϣҲϣλʹһ΢Цǿҳ嶯
ֲʧòЦЦ׳˵ڶ⣺ǵƤԴͨԼ붯Ƥͨ׳չģ
Ȼϣǰߡ
ǰζһ붯߶ʻ̫ƶ񤡢ɳǶԣû̫Ĳοֵ
ĵ°ǵƤݶǴӸ׸õԻǼҴֶνơ
źǣ˹ԥظ˺Ϊ𰸡
΢΢ףЦⲻλ˵ȤѾˡ
˿ûʶ˹Ѿ챻ӿѪ׳裬ϾҪ˵еĻﶼ׸ķ軰
һֱĬһԿšﱻððʧʧĶǵûðɵĸ˹ܼңڵõС˵Ԯ
ǵĵѾˡȿɿĸ˹Ҳ˿ûʧˡ͡ȥˣǸˡ
˹Ȼǳǳ£ȴλʮĹܼңҲ»ǵλ׵ʹá
࣬شűڻûعĵܵ뿪ƻõĻ
Ǹ飬һõЩֵˡ
Ц˾䣬û˹ղŵĻ
Ȼĸв죬ֻҪһ룬ֻλóʡΪ˸õֺصˡǶԷʹٷӭֺãҲˡ
ŵСˣ˹ֹվǰѻ˻ȥ
Ȼšȴ˵ĳҪԺһЩ֪ûⷽƵȻҲòɱ
ó⼸õ׼õ˱Ϥطмҳֻ˼ۣͽ˱ºˡ
ǰ̰ͼֵķӻ£ɳǱǸն벻Ĳѩϼ˪صĳˡ
ֻҪ˰ĳǱĹ嶼Щ׾ݣµ˸ͬһۡ˹ǰʶԲƤϡ
̷ӵǶʮ챦Ĺ˵ĸ˹ܼҶԣСһǶıʯ㹻˹еĻˣȻҲܿЩ۵Ƥϡ
Щź̾˿
ٵȼ쿴ļûŰɡ֮ǰҪ跨ǰ˽ҲҪĴˮ


24 
ðε, Ƥ˹ֱҹĻʱŵִɳǣļĵڶ졣
˹̶һǸ׸ǳ, ˾ȥ, ÿ궼Ҫɳһ˵ġ
⼸, ׯǸգø۷ǵͬʱ, ҲҵܵصӰ졣
ǰĻ, öҾ͹һͷ׳ڵĸˣȴҪö, мС
Ϊϲķ, Ƥ˹Ⱥ, ȥУܵ˻ӭ
Ƥ˹鷳˵ԭ򣬵ȻΪɳǵһλΪ˵ⱲӶлݼĹ
ڳǰɳʱ, ǵɳĹ, ֻ20ͷ۽ͷ, ǴֱʵƤ˹׼Ϊ͸λġ
ѵİ, ǵĳɳʱȴֻʣ18ͷˡ
Ƥ˹جĺüͷϸ»״̬
ȷͷģ˽ϰ峵˵Ǹ, ¶Ѿ, ֻҪԸ⽵, ǾԻǿȥ
һ, һ̤ʵɫ֮ǰ˳ǡ
Ƥ˹ʱ˿ɲټ¶ˡ
֮ǰλָ£˳ƽ̹ʯ·ǰߣͷĵƹΡĳǱ
Ƥ˹һ㳵۳⿴ȥ
ƾϵṩ⣬ΧֻϡҰɢɢطֲһЩСݡ
ūס
ǵȻƵģϸճϢ
¹⹻Ǽ죬ҹﻹҪµæһ
Ƥ˹ֻɨ˼ۣͲȤطӡ
Ȼ·ϻûʲô𡣡
š
Ƥ˹ٴθеЩǣʯ·ľͷһʢŵĻȦסĿ㳡Ѿ˺ü̯λ˻
ȻڱЩɳǵ˵̯ϯ
Ƥ˹ǲĻ͵ԼĻɲô͵Ҳô׵ġΨһռģֻˡ
С壬Щ˿ɺö࣬Ҳ
ڹ㳡ϯͿȺƤ˹ˣŵƻĳǱʻȥ
Ƥ˹ȻҪ̤Ǳ
ֻɳǵ˽⣬λڳǱĶƽ۾ӵҲɫĵط
ɳǾֻᣬ׸ЩݻĺùݣȻ޷бȽϵġ
ģѵᶼշ𣿡
Ƥ˹ЩضùŹֵĽľͷĴſ˻ӲͷƤȥˡ
ҪһƬǽĻֺ󳡵ص׼ľṹռŵƤ˹ȻеЩϲ
ǱҪ̫ˡ
ԶĿ˰ӭǡ
ϰӹ̨ӭЦ⣺Ҫס𣿡
Ƥ˹ֵؿһۣڻش𣺡šҪõĴ
ϰڴӦȫû⡣ҵŸɹһ䷿ᶼǸɾʵģһÿ⡣
Ƥ˹ΪȻس˳ǣ˾䣺õʳ׼ҵͣ͵ȥ
˵꣬͸⣬Ŀڵˣǰʳһ¥ɡҵȻ
ͲҪԸˣھյıϻմ޷ܵĳ
ϴ˸󣬻·Ƥ˹Ŵӷˣ̵ػصһ¥
ʹλ߹ĵ£񰡣ҴûôõĴڡ
ĴƮɢźŵľˣƤ˹Ϥġ
΢ۣط϶ͷӰ
˹Ƥ˹м˵ô֪㻹ɳߣ
Ƥ˹ƽʱֻҪ棬ⲻ˶ϲװǻơģ¹װ䳰ȷ˹ȴ˿ûƤ˹Ļ
ͷƤ˹һۣ͸ɴغ˶ԷֱλȾ㵸ؼ˵ȥɳĮǣҲȲ˫۾ôƣԱ΢ūҲ˴ȱ
ƤëСˣڿҫЩʲô
Ƥ˹ü
Ѿⱥ˹ͬꤣûмżҲ磬˹ݷƿɳµ͡
νáͣҪöҵĸ߼ۣһ࣬һ˵ǵġİһƴ󡢱еñѬ⡣
һ߾׽ţһ߷˹Ļ
˹ԴӼλʹʥһֱ޷ƽ
ò״ߵ״ָ̬ȴ뻼ûʧĹ״̬ˡ
һƢķǵˡ뿪Ǳƽʱܸɵ˾һֱ겻ڱϣͣѯղŵûиλ߹ĵºӡ󡯡
ٴο϶Ĵ𰸣˹ġ
ţƤ˹˼طס
ûж˹Ƕѿŵ˷Ц֮ʡ˹ֲ۵СƤ̣֮ǰĵλߵĹֻоɡ
ײ˴ˣΨһһλӼҲȷԷһӵˡ
ĵģλĹ¶˵̬ȡ
Ȼ˹СƤ̶ԸӼǸ˳ȷһλѵһĺýӽġеĹ塣
Ƥ˹̵سûһ¥ǻصԼķ䡣
ĵطҲûʲôÿġϽƤŮ˶ݹᾣû⣬ȥָп»ûá
Ƥ˹ȻǶԴȤȱȱ
µõķ䣬ոµľͷ̶һģǰϵģҪοöࡣһ鲼ϵĺ񵾲ݵ棬㱻ϴ÷ıܸëëĲݴ̡
ǰ̫˵Եʣֲ̫ҲԳƲϺõĴϣƤ˹Ȼܿ˯ˡ
ֱڶ峿űһѡ
û𴲣ڴͺ󣬲˵̷»·ͦŴӳš
̤ŵһ˲䣬Ƥ˹ͱܵһ𺳵ˡ
ҹĻֵľĵٵݡ
ֵһɫ޷ᣬǽΪջ˵ľͷ𾪵˵ģɽҰĽ׵ء
ؿ鲻֮ǰ򣬶İݺᣬԵþ
Ƥ˹һһۿȥĿǸߴ󽡿ֲꡣ
̵ĳҶۻɫ룬Ӳӵ֣Ŀ˵ĳ졣
ڵæµţˮūǣȻȻطҪö࣬ȴڱ𴦴δҸЦݡ
⡢ɳǣôܣ
Ƥ˹Υʶһסˣþ˵
ֱɳԷеÿΡèè̸衣
ڵĳʼ汾ĵװʹǣ͵͵ؽһЩĶ
ŶɳǰʴȵĲƸ֮񡪡èè񰡣͸ʴȵèèӻжظΰӭŽɫķգжΰèèΪһУ


25 
Ƹ֮񡪡èè񣿡
Ƥ˹䡢ͷβ, һ顣
Ϊһÿʱÿ̶ᶨƵ׷ŲƸٺϸ񲻹ˣȻλӵԼδֵġƸ֮񡱣Ȥ
Ƿȱʶ, Ҳ׵ĳõȵĩ
вŸ, һɵȴջıģģ
ǽʵʵ񼣣һװ׵ذǰ
Ƥ˹ǸôϵˡÿǮ, ȴûӺ, ԽԽĸ׸ŷķŮά˹, λصġèè񡱣Ҫʵڵöࡣ
֪λԸԸͽ
Ƥ˹ԽԽס
ͷէһӿ, Ǳèצӹһġ
, ӵ, ȴҲʵ, ɵüżȺƽʱ겻ɢСȥˣ
ɳʱ, ÿضøЩСһ, ܳ·
ȻǳĺӣȱǾɽҰһ, ÿɫǸȥ޳ܵקס, Ϊǵ㡮·Ǯ
ò˵ЩƽʱֻС, Գ֪ȴ١ôعȴһûϣ
Ƥ˹Ȼ֪
ⱳԭ, λ˸˶ļ, ṩɷݵľġڱȽϽȵʱ, Ȼ÷ȫҵ
ǻıСӣҲϵó
ԸûֻԵСһǣܽӴǰûʶ£Ҳ㹻˷ܵˡ
һȥ·ӵѾòˣҲָϹ
Ƕ¼ҵ˷ܾȴûȥæ̽⣬пڽε
Ƥ˹۰Ͱ͵صһҲûҵܻشСֻлͷȥϰˡ
Ҫ׵ص£ϰ嵹ûʨӴ󿪿ڣηޱȵػشΰèèͨµ񼣣
Ƥ˹۲ϰ̬λƸ֮ĸӳˡ
˼䣬ȻίҪΪλΰèèͽĻҪʲôʱڼͷСŹˡ
Ƥ˹ˣЩ޴ţǲǾ͵ףһλʿҪǽ׼ķ
Ŷ
ϾԼҪƷƤ˹Ȼ˵ѯӡ
룬ܿȥ
;׵ʵ̫ˡһʵ񼣽٣ȻǴף
Ų˾ηɻ飬Ƥ˹ɴûøɾѥײʯϣسеķš
̫̫ˡ
Ƥ˹һ·һ·ܿ͸еЩۻң۵ǽӲӵĲӰ
ʱɾĹ㳡Ѿۼ˲ٴǮһǱĿˣΧʱ͵ĵǰϸز鿴Ʒ
Ƥ˹ϯĿǱľɵդʱȦסǵ˷һͷͷ⣬һθߴͦʿޱվһԡ
Ƥ˹￩һ£ϽС˹ȥ
λпϿоܻյʿȻɫ䵭ȴغ˵
ļ򵥽ͺƤ˹ףΪάֹ㳡ϵŹۺǲٱ͵ɱ󣬶뵽ݸȥ
ɱгֵЩƤǣ밴ǵҪ͸Ҷ
ҪǾܾôĻҪôɴʷҪô뿪ɳǡ
Ƥ˹Ȼû顪Ȼ鷳һЩݸòԶҲûжȡκηã¡
Ƥ˹ˬӦɫԭʿǵĻҲ΢Щ
ڿת׼뿪ʱƤ˹ԥһ󣬻̲ס󣺡ԸͷΪˡλΰĹ£֪ܲܡ
ͣ˽Ų
λЦʿȷĻش𣺡⼸İҪҪûʱӼκˡ
Ȼʱ
Ƥ˹ڶݵľȺ󣬾ͿƲס¶ʧı顣
֪˹С̷õ˹µĽӼȴɴʱͲɵøӸеˡ
˵ЩȻʶǰ
ƺܹȱ⡣
Ժתͷǵز˾䣺ֳĳķϣһʾܼĵȴɡ
Ƥ˹Ϊ·תеϲлѾȲ뿪ˡ
ʱİȻ֪ǴƬĳ׵һ񼣣ΰèèһλ׷ͽ
ȷæҪ飬ʱûչļϵˡ
Ƿµףʮĵȴʽ˳ڣ
ɳ˶Ĥݵ񼣣ΰèèͨʰʹõ˴µĶ١
ڰǽĴƬ׵أǵȥժȡıֵ
ջĿǰáũˡһְҵܻȡΨһ;ѾҳϵϹܼ֣ر̬ˡ
ȫģ˭Űæժ
Ǿ¡ЩʵūǣҪص㶢ҡ
ΪԷһ˸ǰڼ޽ʱ񡪡òóԵūͷʹˡ
֮Բл̤һ
Ǳڵĸһų󣬰ܰĵ߽һˡֻĸߴֲĵ
ʽʼǰ̲סܡ
İݺᣬյù⾰һš
ֿѡ֣ۿһ쳤ɵ׵أǲɵ΢΢ֻһ˵ҸԴԴϵӿϣ·һ̾Ҫ
ڲԶ۲ţʱ׼ƲͳȥֹС˵ĸ˹ʱĹ¸һλѫ۵Ĺ
дЩȻݵѲԼأŸߴӢ
˹ЩᡢָеЩοؿСǻһŵءӡ
͹Ͷɹ󣬰Լ״ֵ̬ؿʼ˷Ĳժ
ÿժһף߾ͻһϸ΢ȴġৡ
ժԽ죬ৡļԽԽ̣ܿһƬǺطɳʱö
ʵ񫡣
Ǳжᱡװһͷȴ̫µĽ𷢱ǰֱһޱȵĲñʵʵѹ档
ʹյҫ¡û۵ϸֱۣҲʵ׵Եø롣
ƫƫһ˫šٶԵ̫˺ϸӨ֣ϸ޳Ӱïʢ׵ʱȴó˵󡪡׼ȷذǿҶӣס͸˵£ҲգսϷУת˲ߵһǰˡ
Ǿḻũ񡢽ƵĶǧģҲܱȵùޱȡֻԲλЧʡ
ֵ׵Ķ˹ֻСڵﲻ¢ţ಻ϵġɳɳ
һͷϣҰֻǱЩϣֻʣ´̵ֲ
ԭǶŵġףѾժˡ


26 
ͽ׵֭ʱ, Ƥ˹Ҳˣȥνķؿһۡ
˵Ƿأƾһֽ֮󲿷ִؿ, ¿ũūǻڹǵĴ, ȦΪطһ顣
ʱ¶ûɾĲݸͷеĳ, ȻͳΪɳ˶ļͷͼѼζ
Ƥ˹øΪ桢ʯͷﶼ޲ū
ȴǵһμ1/3طáרݳ
վһС, ŵƽϸߵ¸, ͽ鱻ھþȻ۵ˡ
ɳǵλ£ʲô
Ƥ˹Լİֺ˼
˳Щү뷨λûıԸʱ, ۽Ȼ׽һƲӲӵĽɫ
ؽͷתҲࡣ
Ŀ⴩׳ߴ󡢱ֵɫ״, ϸһ, ȷܿƺ˸ˡ
һװεĴñкļƽ, ҫ, ӳöĿĹâ
ޣĽ𷢣
Ƥ˹鲻Խ̾
, ԳƵϼʶˡʮֿ϶ɫ˰㴿ƯĽɫ, Ƴ紿ѪĹﶼټοƫԶǳصũˡ
ǲŶū
ٶ࿴ۺƤ˹ܿԼ뷨, ˲ڲţڹزժصװ
Ƥ˹ɵЩģҲ, ǴӲũҲܿƬƬ׵Ѿӭ͵ķ, ٲȻ˲ժʱˡ
ΪʲôūȴӶ, ǵĴ, ŹŹֵľ
ǿïܵò˼׵ʹۣ涢˿Ҳֻܲ׽ӰӰ´µ
עһֱӵһͷ𷢵˵ϣƤ˹עãʶĳЩֵĵط
ڵ߶ٶȲںܵɢŲ̬ƵŴݡ
;Ҷ½ǲػζţġɳɳ
֪ΪʲôǴҶ粨ưƤ˹Ǽһصȴӵ̱ǣһļᶨŲ
˵һ׵߶龰ôֵ԰һֱſ
Ȼ֪˶æµò˼ɳһ۲۵
ժũĹԣɲˣֻҪظ߽-¡-սϵͳ-һļ򵥹ֱ̣۵ؿϷġסڲͣӡ
װر׸ʱġžһʵͷ˵ľֵ
ժҪľֵ
ȻسջĿУ¢һ·ߡһ·Чʾ˵غɨǧֱ;׵ضɨøɸɾ
ԶƤ˹ʶλӵү̲סʼɵ𷢵ˣĵطƺɺ󡭡
һصջİҲڱ̫ɹЩȣǸ߸ߵ̧ñأȵķ紵΢ķ˿
ΪٶüĻҶе޲ߡµ޷ݡǹһ±¶Ƥ˹С
΢˴󣬾ͺȻؽȵĿƵһȴջ׵ϡ
Ϸϵͳ趨ÿ7ͿٴνջֱΪֹ
ڵһ׻ûժǰڶǲῪʼġ
ҲζţΪظջһԵ󻯣ջĲϵһ춼ܵ
Ϣʱ͵׵أֿۼʹǰ콽ϡʡڲմӵЩѿϡϡء
գ˺üۣżѵذסˡȫסĳ嶯
ɵǺܼ򵥡
ϷϵͳжãɹжˣԶȫ붼ѹһʧЧϵͳϡ
ҪϷϵͳĳ첻顢Щ漣һҹΪܵӰ죬ҲƮƮһ䡮졯ʧ
µİգ඼Ҫˡ
찡Ƥ˹ˣ
΢ص˼ͬʱľˡ
΢ȵѭԴȥֻԶмæҵطɫеسͬһطӿȥ
ˤˣ
Ȼ˸˹ڵķλ
ĹĹܼ⣬ԽýòĲ˹ڴʣ£ҪϢ𣿡
Цҡҡͷ򢳯ǴСɧҷĵط˵㣺ȥҿǱ߾ʲôɡ
죬ǣ
Ƥ˹ҧгݵš
ɫǵͨ죬޲ýСֵغšǵһȺūؿıȫߣ
ʵ̫ˣ
Ƥ˹泯µſڵϣֱ߷
ϣƤ˹ⱲӴûôصĴ
Ц˹ûĲסꡮ˵Ӣˡζû뵽ȻƫԶĵؾóκס
Լ㲻ղžʲô
žǴﱻ˵ĸƻˮְ㣬鲻ԽؽԽԽǰ㡣
ǱʶֻٽӽԷһЩӽԷһЩ
ֱʧȥƽ⣬ȻǱˤ֮ǰмȥŪѥ׵ķ
֪˻ǲң͵Ϊţķʯ·ö࣬˲۲۵Ļ㡣
ʱȻʹҲͶһͷ
ҪǽʵʵҵʯϵĻܵһغ
Ƥ˹ȴ˲øеˡ
ǻԼֻ뵱ȥĿֲζľʹ/ѡ
߸ĥֲպ͵ǡ
Ƥ˹ԽķصǱ桭òᱻλʹۿ˰ɣ
Ƥ˹סز¡
Ѿˣ¡
һջлժȡһ׵İڰʱ˹ػش𣺡ΪƤ˹Ѿ͵ҽˡ
ܲã˹˵ĿУ񵽿֪ĸ˹ܼңҲѵ֪֮¡
Ҫ֪Ƥ˹ˤԭ򣬾ȻΪ͵İС˵ĻƤ˹ʱͲӹҽǻᡰʧ롱ǶûȫʺС

û뵽ԼǵǴＹ⡢ع⡭ܵӰ죬ĵض˼䣺ôأ𣿡
£ֻΪ̫⣬Ż۶ͷ
˹Ŵ
ΪտǰʿƽϺö˶˵ܴĪˤˣȻǱĵ˼㣺˶Ҳֻܹ޴ϧֻҪһ£ӦþȬˡ
ѵñ¶ĹܼҸĿ̱ۣЩ̿ݵѡ˳ŹܼҵĻ˵ֻˣôܸҳϵĹܼᲢأֻҪǳĻ޴ɳǵġ䡯һ˵һӰ쵽ĳﱸļǿɾͲˡ
СʵĿ佱縣˹Ҳ̲ס䴽ǡ
¶ԷֻΪֵɸˡһ¾ܺõĻ԰ԣһ¡
Ƶ˵𣿡۾ģڴʵȰǽɡ
ʱȰǶѶڻơǮˡ


27 һ
ɳǵĿǰΨһλµҪϢ, ڼлĴ֮䣬û൱ġ
ǶС򽻵ʱµľ, ˶ˡԽǸ߹ˣԽԸ⻨ǮþơĽۡ
ǿλԽͱϹĳ谮ŵĹ£ͻȻᵽɳֻߵؽ磬϶ÿ춼֡ҪƵƵƽˡ
֮һΪ֮İºնУڵسƵϺպľ̻ͱȶһҧ, δľͰľ, ǿλĹ
ļŵĵڶ磬ɳǱȽԶǣֵķΧеִ
ʳͲ, ڴһܻӭ, κеܵ䡣
ɳˣװҪͬʱܰᶯľͰͶȥ۵Ŀ󣬾ͺ֪֮ƿߡ
ԶԶ㣬˭жϳǾǶþˡҲԻǰ˶ĸ߼ۡ
Լϯǰ壬ͱȶȷʵҲ⣺ǵļƻУλġҲΨһɫеĿͻ, ֻгǱеĹˡ
ЩÿԲɳƽ, ܳΪǶ۾ˮĿꡣ
ǳ֮ǰ, ͿǹλڻϹ谮ʱ֪յ챦, ĿԶޡ
Ϊ˲ȡλ߹ĵµĴ, δϵ, һһһĺþ, ûͨɫŪԷ
ͱȶʮֵԼϯǰ
ʮ㣬ȵ죬òԳǱٻһľΪ
ǾϲǣŸչȥ죬Ǳλ˾Ȼǲһʿ̬еؽǴ˳Ǳ
ȻǸ߸ϵĹ£Ҳ޷Ƶħ
λЦʿ󣬻Щسȶ˼۾ÿ˵ôһ䡣
ȶҲ˵س˻Դ
ȶģĳҲȷûͦżġ
ơƲͬں࣬ͲʺϳʱڵĴ档οһļùǺʯͷǱЩڰľҪٲҪܿŻˡ
ÿ뵽ЩͰ˷ѵĴʳͲ˰޳ȥĴǮҡ
ͺ뽫λ˵ʮѿǰϳݺݵشһ١
ȶܿ챻ʿ˽
ûв̧ͷͬʱ¶ĳմ顣
ּȡ֮ǰӼ˹ʱĽѵ΢Цסǽǵں󣬾ͰڴѯţһǰµĵơҪԸչ𣿡
ȶ״סˡ
ǵһ뱻ʹ覵ջûģֻʣһ뻹ǿ˼
λʹ˵еơơҪ
ֻĹ۳Ƶǣǵһ˵ôֵҪ
ʳ󣬾ϸ۲ǵı飬Ȼû©Էϵ㯺ͳɡ
̾˿¶Щʧɫ𣿡
⡭
˿ĭ
л㱵룬ϣĴʹϡΪԼĻش¶ɫʵ
˵ˣ£ʱҲ̲סͷԷȵڴӦɡ
այģ𾴵ĵ¡Ŀİ˵ţ΢ͷҼֱ¶˵Цݺ󡢸ᷢжأ
̫ˡ
û뵽ô˳ܴĿģ鲻İ΢΢һЦ˰Ĺܼ˹ԴȥҵĲֿ⿴һۡȷһٻö۸𣿡
Ȼװĵ¡
˹һЩΣյĿɨߵˣ
׵ĳʵ̫ǿˣ˹ɱһʱ䶼ûܻѻĶˡ
Ǻ֪ضŸ˹ʱɨĿ⣬ϴĹŹЦ⣬ȵ˱ʱΪƽѵĵǰűӭıεһ顣
ǵ˴롣
ǰľƶˡ˹˵־ơ䱻ϲһͰҪ¡
ֻᵽһ˿ڿеľͶԾƵ˴¸ĻͱȶɵΪȻص˵ͷ
ִӾƣôմȾϹõ㽿޵Ĵء
ͰγľϸƷ󣬻ͱȶһۣʱ¶һ޵Ϊѱ顣
Ҳ֪Ϊǰ̫˵컨׹˺ŪˣΪŵʱ̫¶Ҳԡ
ôĿڸУ˵ǳ;չȥˣǲڰºնУǶм࿴һۡ
һ뵽ǳԾܾĽԻλ¶ʧ飬ǻͱȶζܵġ
ʹܼȶСһΨͼζû뵽Լġʹȥ;ҲλѹѯһʼһԲĸ˹ʲô۸ģλĵ£ʲô۸أ
ǸĻöһͰļ۸ġޱĸ˹ԡǸ˵ڰ֣ʴȵĵµȻΪѣǶ٣١
öң
ݺݵصһ
ͬ𾪵ıȶЦ˵𾴵ĹܼȻ֪״̬ڵĻöһͰѾǳˡ
ζ覴ƷƲϵĵơƣҪóöҵļ۸չĻǲֹҵǻΪ̵ɻԵĴ
˹΢΢ףˡվɵģȸһȥɡ
ܸ˹ĵò˼СˣһǿԽթˡΪʹӣֻӦþԼܵظԷûκȨˣߴԷ
Ͳ䵣Ƿݶһ޶Ρ
ûͱȶǰ˹ѡн룬ղż顢Լ뷨˵ˡ
üͷε̾˿ȻҲƵĺûҲóǸ׳ղֵطʲôþơ
ԶԶûɽˮһ˹һͬͨԼʲά޹ؽҪأĵȷȷŴ汦Աġ
֮ԲԸ⶯ЩΪôЩƽʱȥĲ
ǲԸޱĹĸ˹ܣĵײΪԼĸʲ֧ءһֽġɳʽ
ֻļƻˡ
˷ʳǮĵơƣͲֵǮϵĿ
Ҵҵλ̡Ըⰴöչ;ȥ˷ѵԴעǲܻöпⱾ
֮ԻӦֻǿΪݣҪֺõ˼ѡ
Ǳٵÿ룬ǧٿ׵ɳǶԣҲֻǱˮнû̫塭ٷһʱ䣬ĸڽֲǵųȥһˡ
Ʒľƺ󣬰ͼרΪȱǮ·ˡ
ܿ죬Ŀ䵽ϷǴϡ


28 
иڰԺб, ʱ˿ĵ⡣
ء
˹ĻͱȶŽ󣬰Ѿ֪, ΢΢ЦţŶ˵ˣǸҰɡǿղЩÿͰֵܼأ
ͱȶؿ۶Է
΢ֱۡλӵз·ڷĿòˣƵĿǣҲʵ˵ÿͰöҶֵʵ𰸡
ҧҧ˰һͳȥԼѪľ, ǿЦ˵𾴵ĵ°, ÿͰӦöҵļ۸ҪǵԸĻǺչ
𣿡
һЦ, Ȼ˵ɳǳǻ۵èèӻĵط, èè̵ģƭ
ٿȻһ
һ亹ϻ£ָҲ鲻Խؽ˽
ôˣ
ò̸ףҲһλݳߡȫһĹ塣
Ų˵ĮѪҺԱ˵ĿӶȻ̰Ҫ󡭡ϤġĹ塣
, ƽʣһ, ЩƵֵ, Ǽöң
ŵ´ɬ˵𾴵ĵ, ö, ƺȷ̫ˡ, ʮöűȽϺʣ
ûͱȶȵ, Ĵ𸴺ȴЦ
ʹȫ֪ȫܵΰèèҲ޷סǵkͽĴڰ˫ϢЦ⣬һɨġʽԭôµĴ𣿾Ȼŵʮöҵ׼۸˵ó
Լ׽⻰˼ȶκ̧۾ؿ̿ǵöɤЦ˵ţһöҶֵĶ
ܶԽɳü޵ĲΣһ£ֻһģĲ룬ڶǶѾƵĲдֵʧ󣬵ȻǲΪλԶ˵ġ
ͱȶ뵽ӭתۣɵ죬˵£
֮ǰЩֻЦǲˡ
ݸͻȻһתɳǣ죿
л㱵˵¡ӦҪļġ
Цӯӯ˵뿪죬ǵǱУһǿһ¡
˵⻰ס˹ܼҵȥ
ĹĹܼᣬ˴˳Ǳ
ͱȶֱվڳǱĿյϣƻӰµǼʱǴ㶵ġ
̳ô꣬װöô޺϶ǾԵ˾
ǵȻλһʼƣԲڿЦҪġ
֮ʱЦ˿ڡ
ĪҪ
λòʹĹˣǵΪѣǵѴ
һ뵽Լ֮ǰЩɲɹĵذۻĹ򽻵ľ顢λõĴˣԽеκʹࡣ
ֻϧڼҪλõʹҲɡ
û뵽ֻûȥǿǿȱ£ջЩΪܺߵĶԷĸж
Щڲֿƾƻ˵·ֻý򵽵һջˡ
ϳһµ121꣬һ顣
ڰԭȵļƻУǰףҪֵġȻҪȡֲߡһְҵܴﵽ9䷽Ϊֹ
ɳʵ̫ȱˣҪڶ쵽ǰһͲܴļҪ
һصڴϣ˿˼ڤ롣
֪˶ãƵڴͷԿǵĲһ֪èè񡭡ţƸ֮ϡ
Ӳӵĵ̫ӽĴСˣҲ˼ʱϰҪʲôڻèè˻
һ㱡ϣѩ覵ļԴԴϵسĽȥů
λûʶԼжʹ˸ôߵ¡ЦؽèèھƯϣɷµءšޣװģȫܵèè񰡣޸֮ǰµԸͭȻһǸϲɫһɰĽ𶧰
ѾʱСͰĲˣöĵطϷϵͳͨ󵽸һ׵Ŀ󶴡
ҲζţעֻһԴǾèèĿɰצ档
ڽֻѡһڵ䱦ʯĿԵʱ򣬰ȻĲϡ
Ҫũˡ8ܽ䷽СͰȻǹϵǮĳĲͻ£ֻʱӺˡ
Ҫ˵ǰڻǮϿ졢Ҫ͵ĲƷȻ˹ޱȽϺʡ
߲˻ˮֻҪŽ˹ֻҪ3ʱơ
뵽ǽӽһܲľ޴󣬰һĶˡ
šֻ֪ԸԸչһס
ûΪ̫
Ϊ˻ʳضȱһ·ǵ£ֿԱܾáζӦҲˣעҲ·
˹޵䷽ֻҪũˡ4ܽҪĲϸ쳣򵥡
ֻҪ50ľϣ40ʯͷ8ú̿ܺϳɡ
СͰĲϻҪڳͻ
ú̿ĻѾͨɼߡݼܣؽú̿Ҥ䷽ˣ
˳ǣú̿ҤҪ2ͭЩҲմèèõ4顣
ԽԽÿС
뵽һƬ̶Ըȣֱӽèè
ϷĲһȡϸչ󣬵ͺϳú̿Ҥ
ú̿Ҥãǽ10ľתΪ1úֻ̿˲ӣϷͶ2ú̿
Ȼԣ
ܹ裬ٽɴཫʣµġЩ˽ʱһСĿ̫ࣩıľһȫˡ
ϧ̫ͭ٣ֻú̿ҤֻܿԱĵȺ򡪡۰Ͱ͵صú̿պԺٽµľȥܶʼ
ʱһһعȥ
ҹ˾ĳǱУҹ˻һ˿Ѳ⣬˶Ѿ˯ˡ
ټɳû֪λӵʹ貶ĿòĹ£ѩ׵˿˯£ר־ضˡһиģζֻú̿Ҥǰ
Ĭţÿ30£ǰú̿ҤĻͬʱϨѾһպˡ
λ˭ĵϡһݴʵĹˣͻ¯϶̾Ϊֹٶȣպõú̿սٽµľȥ
ȫע̿
˫Ư۾˸ŵģͷõ㡢ĸеĹ⡣
˿ûע⵽ڴϡèè޻ʵĽɫӳ˻ζĻ⡣

æùҵȫȻʱš
ֱڲ֪䣬ӭϷϵͳǿϢ賿㡣
һ̻ȡ̿ˣһ̱Ԥ׵Ե˵ϡ


29 
׵εĻ, ɳֻСƸ֮Ľɫ۾ˡ
ɫвèıȻ, ԭ˫ɡԲȴΪܵţٿȻսһͫ
ĬעŷڱӲĵϡʧȥʶЩ֪룬˾ᡣ
֪˶ãǻޱ¶ĳ󡭡˵ǳ󣬲˵һŸոѿģǳɫӰèèĵƵƮ˳
kûлò֫, һŷŽɫĿ, ƮڿС
ԼΪ񡯵һжһ֪Ҳókѧͯһ
ַ˺ܳһʱ, ΢ܵϵ
kԥسڵϡ֪޾
ʵɳĿù񼣺, ʵض翵èèжĤݵģҲϵظ䡣
Ϊ˵õkôӵģ̬
ڡèèгֵʱ䡢Ͼ̫ˡʹܿɹġǿִҪһ꣬Ŀǰ̫΢
k˳Ȼصȴȴʱơõkø֮, һһһλΰĲƸ֮Ӧеӡ
ɿÿΪkʻ, ôŵĻرŵk, ԱҹݺҪתͽΪ̫ƴ۵ʱ
һֱֹˮĲƸ֮, ͲܿƵ˻״̬
һŬ, kѧ˼ѵص΢, ڵϵ
ȻŵkڹȥôۿkİͽŵŴϡ
Ľɫ˿մѩ׵ʱ, kôҲ׺ľ
ñȳʱҪᱡĽɢ֮ǰۻ˲Ƹ֮ĵϡ
вèĽɫͫҲػָ޻ʵԲͫģ
ҹ﷢һУȻһ֪ġ
ǰһϲΪҹ̫赹˵ڶ峿Ҳ״򲻶Ϸϵͳ϶ġ㡯
Ȼʱ䣬ʵ̫ˡ
ڴ𣬿۲Żظһľε΢ҵͷ
Ҷʱ˯ǰų⣬ָ˿ܷ֮ǰԶ˹
Ҫöǻĸ˹ܼҿˣעҪһ˵ɧ
΢ʡһ¡
Ӧõڵϵ
Ϊʲôڴ
ʮȷûеڶ˵ĴڣһֻܹܵϷϵͳˡ
ϵͳԶԾ˴ϰɣͬ״̬һȻĹ컭󡢱ѾͦͷƤˡ
ûйؾԼôԶƶϵ£
鿴ͻȻεûüϷս棬ȷһյ800װӴֵȷպùһһֱûġũˡ4Ե˿
04һ4Ʒ/ܣֱǵˡͼˮԼ˹޵
ȻɳǵĻߣڹǰֻ˵Ц˵ġʺעõʱŲóˡ
֮ǰе·Ҳ类۷̹ū跨³ˡϾֻ·ЩˡŲ˵ĲƲ
ͼˮȻãһ̫ϡ٣ȻԸūǶȴҲɲͶĶϰ
ϷҪҵ·/ũͬɳϣȱԼѡֺ͹ȵ
ֽ׶ȻֵΪҪԭΪְҵܾߵ䷽ýɳǿɼܿӭļġ
һֱΪġ
ūƽ񣬶Ӧöֵر졣
ҪõͷҺЩ̵ĳУҲֻʱˡ
Ȼ˹ð
룬ĿͶԼԹȡ̿յεĳɹ40ú̿ϡ
ʵûεһҲû̫ˣϾʣµľѾˡ
еԴֱӰú̿Դӻһգ8ֻ˹ޡ
8ֻʳ¯һģһĹӷڵϣһſȻ8Ͷ˽ȥ
׸սʱֻ˹޾ͻʮرһЩ
æһк󣬰رһߵĲƸ֮ĵ
ȡ˹⻬èצϵĽ𶧣㡮ţлèèף
գգۡ
èèһ٣ؽת˹ϸϸضꡣ
֪Ϊʲôܾãèè񣬺Ҫһ㣿
Щǵرвè񣬽ͷףشһ顣
ȷҪĵνġᡯֻԼĴʱ˿
ǧܳ°
¶һ۵
΢΢èèצǵһǣԺ֪ġĿ˵ţװèè񡣡
ڳԹͺ󣬰Ӵڵæµǣˡȥʲô˼
·ӶˣլȻʵڷ絲ĹЧ
ﻹһµ121ҪգҪ˶ʱ䣬ҲľЩȥҲӰ졣
Ļõ8˹Ѿˣһ˵ƳҪ3ʱ䡣
׾ܲܳΪɳڵĲƸ룬ȳƷ֤ܾҪҪ˹ޡ
˹޵ĻУĵľľˡ
ʹǰ컹зʳļƵİΪ˻۲ϡòһʮ£ҲʵЩܲˡ
ԶԶü޵ĵزΪ˲̫Էľеᷳ⼸ɴͷɷɣתһɡ
ܿ˾
ʹӽ쿪ʼŸٰ̼ɡ
ȥ㣬˻سǱʱļȥյʣµס
ϰ˸ǿˣ˿ûʶϰԽճŵġż١ʽƺЩ̫Ծ
ǴӳǱǰЩûȥɺʱȶ־һ޷´
ԭΪԼ̫ܡδʵλԸڻһ̾Ϊߴšü
죡غǳԼˣڵµ¡
ǣˣţһ󣬻Сţûй¡
ֻѰ
ȻҶֱ˵ʵˣողŸ˷ͻλɳƽ񣬷ߵȺһȻҶµտ򣡡
һ¡⼸֣˵Ǹ´µˣųһ亹
տ
ŵظһδ˵ĻƵĴżؽţĴԸܵͷţǾûðλĵµĶ⣡
Ĭı⣬ϵıûй˿ı仯ûıȶӽˡ
һ߿ֵܿϳ˻ͱȶģ˵Ļű˳Ǳء
仰иһ㡣
ĿžִٲĻȶһˣţˡǵһΥ涨ķϣκδѵûǽ͹ʺ򶼲ػǺʹıĲ𣿡
ȶԼԺ﷭ôһСμ䣺ǣ˵
Ǹ֪ ʲô
ܵʱҲԸɻ󣬵һλĵµò̫˻ڻ㱵״̬ΪԸ󡢸ԣĳе˵Ľмѯʡ
ЩԲȴ˵ӵһλôõˣôǶû˵ϡء
ĽͣԴȥ鿴ŽõġӺ󡭡ȶϵı飬һ±óɫͷ׵Ĺģ
ѹɳһʱ˷⣬һֱûŵڴﶼǻȥڷĶҲûجεġʺӡ
ǡ
ؿһҴææũĵܻȻشţˡ
Ļ桭е˼֮࣬໹ᡣ
뵽Ϊڴﶼ˷ΪϱԼĳȻڽϡԵûûū棡


30 ĸ
ǵʿŵѡ׳ѵʱ̫, ɳǸļԽԽ࣬ʵںЩֻʱѵ
һнչ˳ֻվվڻãһͻ¼, ǿӦġ
ڳȥǰ΢ӵĿ
˼ֶ粽ĹܼҸ˹⣬ֻԸʿŵǺԼʿڳǱ
Сʱ, ˹, Ŵ, ĵһԵֶû˵
ڸ˹С˵İΣԶҪġ½Ǳ˶ϳ䵱, Ҳȫʹе̡
ۼϳֹô񼣺˾ĸ˹ҲòһԸʧʵ
ҪСڵõ󣬲֮ǰˡ
֪ԼƾѺͲʱչʾġ, Լʱֳġ, ɹ˵̵Ĺܼ
ڸ˹һбְϵ, ܿشϾĸ, Ϥ֣ˮɺӱߡ
һ죬Ѫش㻻ط, ֮ǰǿͺʯͷϴˡ
վںӰϹ۲һС, ܿһ鱻ص񸲸ǡսƵƽء
Ǹõط
жϺ, 㵱ϵش
ĻǸ˹ǰ׼ľ, Ҳһֱɵվš
ڼƻ, Ҫϴء
ǹȻûΪԼ׼κζ, ˼شϷȡʯͷҲ
ס
Ȼĸ˹ڣЦеز䣺
ȻС˵˹Ȼ˵ʲô
ʿŵǻãڸлһС˺󣬾ʹˣȻʱ̾Χ
ɫܳԼԡڸ˹עУӲ˺һС
ѾרĴ״̬ˣû⵽˵΢
Դӽ˦ȥȫעضƯŶߡ̡ĵȴźҧ
տʼʱΪ̫ע£еЩ΢Ĳڡܿͱλ΢ӰεܸɹܼңضĿı졣
Ϊֳ֧ǱܱߴСɣʱ䣬˿ȡľϡ
ټʵЩ壬ɵڴиֻࣺͨǱ͵ķݶټӲ͵󣬾ʹľϴظˡ
ǳԭڡɼߡܵٶһ£򡿵ĵȼȴһֱͣͲǰ
Դӵ2ǸªСɡõĵ͡󣬾ֵֻ3ôҲŵ290%ľ顣
Ÿ˱ڴش˸Ƿ
ΪеƣǵȴḶ́ʵ̫ˡ
ѾӦϷٿؽԼʱͻȻʵģʽ
ǴӵȴϹ-ҧ--ջḶ́ͳһ۲۵ˮ߹ֺֻͷҳ̶ȵĲͬȱһֵڴľϲ
ڸ˹˵˵һҲûᶯһµƯ˵ֵ£ȴǸһСͻ
ÿʱӵ𷢺ϸתᣬһͷƤġ̡Уߡ
öˣ˹ܽһ
ϹУǱֵôľľͻΪȻ³⡢ȫ̶Խ̬սߴģͨͨٻɫ㡣
εĺƯӦٶۡɵǲóҵĸȴðЩ
̫ˡ
Դ߳İԣʵ΢ѶԸһЩζֿԺʡµɴʳ㡣
ֻϧֻ＾ŻλغβѣļǵӰ
Լ̵ļɺġ˶ڵսƷһһɺʱǸе˼顢ľµĻ棬Ѿǳϰˡ
ھֵ½ӽľĺ1/6ҲðûȥˡͷʱƯٴ׹űǷӰ´ܶ
ӵĹ㡣
һؿʼ˸⡣
Ǹªֵʱ㻹ĹԵþĶǡŰ򡿼ܵȼϵߵĸƣĵֿܸ鷳Ѿ౶ˡ
ѩ׵ˮطɽţ֡
ʼȵŵͣСľһ߹۲Ҳʱͳ塢ʱ˵ĵһ߼ߡ
ף
סˡ
ڵϣȻһΪϤȴȫȫԼ֮ͼꡣ
Ŷջ񡪡Сͼꡣ
˼뷴Ӧ֮ǰѾһӦԡ
ڵؽ翹Ĺ㣬ڷҺܺǱľ˾˱ɳǵϵ
һϢʱĿ⣬ȴûϡǷ˸һϹöӳ¡СƷϡ
ûɵĹӵؽ£ضĵ¨ȻרĶͷγֵĶսƷ
һö⣬ŽʸеĽָ
ָԱ½价ĴСʺָϡ
ڰָմʱϷϵͳԥؽս˱ͬʱʾƷơ
èèָΰ󿶿èèıӻ£k㽫â貣޲ˣЧ 20% 10%

㶵עšèèǿľֵ֣ĳĬ
ҪûǴĻϷӵЧ۵ĽָӦǽСӽ䡿Ķ߲Ŷԡ
Լǵã2ϵġ򡿼ܣȷиʳֶϷΪŷʽ䡱ġӽ䡿ǸСĶ֮һ
ӽ䡿֣ôᱻ滻ˡèèָ
е״̬
èè񡭡ѵŲƸ֮ĵں߳İ
£
ڰǣȡָٶ̫죬˹˲ûп쳣ĹһͬϹģһöɫĽָ
˹ǵѯţ𣿲Ȼȥɣ
Ĳɵػصû£ȼɡ
ֻϧȲ˵ϷϵͳǲȱģǵϷ㣬ע˲ܴܽɻĿͷԱ
̵ٴ׳˵ߣ鲻Խؼȥ
ܱǧҼ޵ġèèָջھֵ׺ľ֮ǰûȻֵ֮һζ⽱ֻͨľϡ
ҲЩֻƳһۣ˳սϷˡ
ʱĴȻöʱôϡȴǧʵġèèָϡ
Ǿô£
Ȼ˼˰죬ҲֻǿóֵĸģϷϵͳԽŲͬĳݺʱʱűˡĽۡ


31 
õ˵ԼĽۺ, 㲻ɺ϶ˡ
ǿ֢Ҫõʣ2ľֻװ˻ĴС¨Լ˹, Ϧ̤˹̡
עĿһ˳ڳǱūǵҰʱɱ˵Ĺע
˻ˣ
кö㣡˲èèΨһѡеߣÿȥض顣
ǰˡҼǵǰҲȥ̹, ĥż̵ݵֻʣ̵, ĺθûдӰӡ
Ҫۿ, ҸţĹ塣
޷ϾȻô񶾵, Ȼôõ˶Һ
ûǸŮūʵ̫ɶˣȻô˺մҺǵµĽָͷ䣡
ɴ͵͵ȥһ١
ˣ컹ҵһμλ
ʲô, ũñеκһ˶඼, ñǶáһҰ񼣣
һΪ˵õèèǻۺʹ͸
̫úˡЩ, ÿֻǽˮ, ˴ʩǵľϸ·ӣȴֵ𣿡
ܻûпȥ͵˲ūǶλò˼ۡ
ԶԶֻÿšװ¨ʱ, ̲ס̾ɳǵ˿Ƽ, 㵹Ƿǳ˶
ڻӡ, ЩµĹ, ˾ٰᡢѲغȥ, Ҳֻʣ´ڳǱˡ
ϹܼʿȥкˡūǵĹ塭ͷؼ
סΪλòһõĿ̾ʱ, ū׵Ŀޡ
ũֺֿã
ÿЦá
֪Щūǻ׵£ǺЦҡҡͷ
ôһλ鴿ϸŵˣôܸũմء
ôţ۽һ̾ɨһ貵Ľɫʶһ͡
ƽɫˡ
ɳǵˣʹ¡
̫Ѿбܱľڵסĸ߶ȣֵʡ˴ñ鷳
ûǣﻹ121׵Լȥջء
ԡūǳݾĿУ̬߽˸ߴïʢ׵ؿʼ˲ժ
ѩ׵۷ڴ׳ʵֲ֣һƲӲӵĽ
Ŀؿš
һλϸÿ߳һڹ͢ľˡ
ɨ˵׺ֲ˼سļտ˴ݻ֡
ļ㳡տΪ˹͵ҪҪļ졣
֮տҲѾڽ쳹׳ˡ
Ҳգժǰʢտԭµտӡ
Ȼʱûեͻֹ۵ؼţֻҪţһóġ
˵ջ󣬰ؿһŸðͷ磬ɫױǰһ伯С
ں½ɳǡܾСǶԣͻȻ˷ܲѡ
ϾǿɳǵЩûйǻǮģΨһĴҾֻλ߹Ĺˡ
ʵҲȷʵˣļˣʵĳǳģĿǰΪֹֻзʳЩˡ
׵Ѿӭ˳ĵһ˴գɳ˵ȫȫһ񼣡
Ǵĵ׵ΪûܰæԼȻûʸĳɹġ
ʵϣʱܺȵڵζ㣬㹻ǸеҸ͸жˡ
ȻֲˣǶʳȱͳ˶ԤĿºֻҪǼ΢еǮƽū̲סҧǸ߰ͷѪۣܵض๺һЩʳ
Ȼ֪µȻôصᡣ
Ÿ˹ܼҵڸ̯λ䣬صش̷ǳгĻſɳͳֵĿЩõĻ
̷ʧǣλͷĿѣˣǴĻκ鱦ֱȤ˫ǳҫƯ˶κεͣҲϸǶ˶ϸ鱦ĿĮġ
Ǹеŵǣôˣȴԡݺ̯ӸȤ
Ƥ˹ظˣֻܴˣȴʵ̯ӡ
ǼͷͻͷƳԵĴͳɳ۲Ĵڡ
ֻǿ鿴ȴҴսʼ۸񣺾㲻ʣҲʮǷϵһ⣬ԶҪֵǮ
ˣƤ˹Ȼϰ˱Ⱥð̹ƽǡūԴʹûгԹ⣬ҲʸôõĶ˸֪ζжáſͣʼ۸ȴһζûй
ɵش죬Σ鲻ԽȵĿ׷λʹʱԷ῿ðǣôöº͵ѯǼ۸
ǽŵ´÷ɿ죬ĿİͰ͵ػشţĵ°Ļǡǡǡöһͷǲ¹̵ĸʡܶġ
ù
Ȼй׼Ǳߵ˵ļ۸ǵƤһ
һ˿ҵʣС𣿲µҲԡ
СܻһЩ
ûеģ¡ǿӵһԺģػش𣺡С̫СҲ̫ˣ峵һ·ĵֻ׳ڵĸ
ˡ
ԭţöһͷĻ½һջ֣ҲҪ18ͷȫ
ȴˡ
ƵؿЩͷһϡյĴǣ̾˿
ô߰ļ۸񡭡Ǳҵעʲˡ
ǳɫ΢˵ϣʱ¶п˶еɫʡ
ʧ˵ĻҪǮҲԡҪʱѾĿͶһߵļķϡ
ȷе˵񶨸ǶѱСߴߴߴزͣŵë׵Сϡ
ɰ
žСķ鲻ԽһֱűͻϵʹҪƯĹ
ˡ˹ʣĻļ۸ʲô
ķţֱʻˣһ飬Ѹѹ
Ǳ˿ĭʵʵػش𣺡𾴵ĵ£йܼһöһֻĸ군ҪöһֻСˣ˵·ģŸʮ죬֪µܻ٣öһ
һʮֻչܵ£ܻͨһ룬ǸٹƵϿļ۸ˡ
ҲǸðȻĶļ۸
ֻٶ۵ļӿһۣ˾ĻȫҪˡ
ʲôã


32 
ڽɳǱĿⷿǽʣһǮǻڵڰ̫ͻȻ, ûüӻɾҴļӶӻ
Ȼ˲, ɳصĲͳˣؼֵɳǷĿ
ʱ˲Щ
Щ˵ծԸǳصĴˣЩڳԹʵЩ˺ԼǮҪˡϻҲɳˡ
˸˹ĿȰ裬һС, ʣµļɼλ, ųǱķȥ
һͬµġѾֻͶʮֻĸ, ȱõ˷
ڵȷʵܲ
˵˴µԸͻȻ, ʵź¡
ϸ룬ɱ͡ѶȲߡֳ졢ͬṩʵʺڵɳǡ
ĿǰΨһǣЩųһܵġֻᷢġߴߴСУʺЩһ, ҪһʱľĿˡ
˹, ǱһʯϺ, ʾǽ, üֻӵĹܼҸ˹ЩСܴҪһġϸġĵʵˣϸָʾ, Ϊڽİ￴ǡЩ, һ춼뿪Լ, 뵽˭
Щ, ȻǰܹܼĪ
һһλǰʿĹ, ̶Ĺܼ, ȥӡ
ʹ˹һҲԸСáֵɡ
˹Ŵؿ˰죬ڼĿ⻹ڽŵԼ˶ݵͣ
Լϰ¡֪˵ûĲʹԼʱ˹͸׵һĴ𰸣£ǸͨΰèèĳŮūӵʤЩְҳǻۡ
¶
ԲȻûǸȴӵֵóƵԵСŮ
ֻԸ˹Ĵ𰸻¶㣬ʵЩ⡭ԭΪܼԼء
־ѡȷٺʲˡ
¶ÿҪ£¯ūɼľ塢ṩͷݵĽġ
ų輴һ䣬¶ָԱҲעҪʱʧҵˡ
޹ӣŮտСЩĹȷձֵñԸá
ֻֻʽĻҸũ
ȴʡ
Ǽöһɾɲֻһɻʵ͵ÿ⼦ѡУɳδӴȺֳҵ㣬Ҫġ
ҲζţԱҪ߱ϸģҪһļ顣
Ĳ˵򵥵ֳĻƶ־ԸߵṩһЩġ
΢Цŵ˵ͷ¶ɡ
Լȥҵ¶ʱضڻϨ˵¯ھɥ
ڹȥʮֱϳ⡢æµˡҪɼľҪ¯ȥֲ˿Ҫ¯¶Ȳԡٻ˱ľġ
һģת
æûһ̺Ϲۡ
ִֵ֧ģǡèèʧʧᶨͷ
ŽµƽɣɼҲԽԽʱԽе¶ȴ˿ûиеɣӻ̿ˡ
֮ǰģ㹻
ͨΰèèĿ飬¶΢Ц
ĸеʱͿԼͻȻſڵλá
һ䵭ֻ˺ʹЩĽԼ¶ѺõЦݣ¶ˡ
¶㶵ؿ˵λĵ£㰲µְ񡣡
桢𣿣
¶۾һµɴˣ鲻Խվ𣿡
ûǸ˹Ƽ㡣˵ԼЩӣɻҲۣЩֺʰɾˣȥ°ɡ
ڼ¶Լһ¥ʯʱľָżũūŪľͲϣĻ档
¶Ŀɿڴ
˽Ŀ飬һܼ򵥡ɼɵָ¡שߡľ񲼡Լ۸߰ձֽѸٴ׸ߵļģʱǱ𺳵ˡ
԰۹⿴ֻһʮּªҷ׼ļ
˿ǽһ⣬涼Ԥñľסͨڡľ֧żܣǽڵĲҪǲľ壬εݶܸպöǱϲʯ飬ṩһ֧š
ձ󣬾;߱˻ڷ絲ꡢֹˮ©ˮĹܡ
֮ѡڳǱʯϣǶ˷ѲŽ⣬ҲΪǶǽν¯Һͳ̵ġǽ
ļİ¶ȺʣõڵĲ󣬹Ҳܳ㡣ЩСѾȫȻˡ
ҹ¶Ѹ½ʱ¯ҺͳͻãʱĳֻҪſǽھȡůҪṩȡůԴ
Ȼ⿿ǽ¶ǲġ¶ȽϸߵҹСҲֱ˯ڱʯϡ
ʱҪõˡ
ֱӽǷʣµЩաݺľм˹ЩüɹȥůĲϣڼĵһָĸ߶ȡ
ЩˮԺãĵϣÿһʱҪôиҪô̡
ֱ׶νһԽȻҲΪѷʵĺòϡ
¶Ȼ֪ⱳľ˼·
ٳ͡ʵļᣬ鲻ԽЩηС
ˡΨһܵǻ۵èè˵ˣôڲͬ
ôһЩСסᣬȻƽķӶҪã
¶ߡ
ﱻѸٴãؿһ۽㲶׽һ߷㶵СŮ΢Цк
Ϊֱ۵ظܵСĿɰԸչǵ飬ڿŵεĸ˹ܼҵעУŴ򿪣Сĵ׽һֻáëŽĹС̣ϣЩСһԺչˡ
¶źҲգضֻƳȳȵСµǰϸĿðβŷӦٶ۵ص˵ͷ
ɢ𷢵ˣʹһ⣬˵ţȻĿǰţǵĽɳɳԺķչǳҪ
ⲻԺܾܲԵɰˮ󵰡⡭пռмл㹽ζ
ҪǣϷϵͳڵײͬЩÿѧֳֶļġ
㹻ʱԿɿԳñĵัʳۡ
ĿͣȰؿֻ۾ϸ۵ġߴߴĳһ߸¶˵ŻһߺȻëı
᲻Ķ
ȴһ̻սšߴߴиͣСƼһ̾񻯳һ̲ˮᵹϡ
ף
סˡ
òǱ˰ɣ
Сһͣ˻鿴
ȴֻԹԵ״̬СͷϣȻƮһšɫİġ
ֻƮ˶̶̼룬ɢڿˡ
ͬʱϷϵͳ̵ظˡСܵİøжˡʾ
еϷҶ֪ǣ˵ĺøжȣǸĲܺͼֵϸҹġ
ңÿζԶаǶԶƷջʱܻġũˡľֵ

ⷢɳٿ256ֻӵ񣬾ǿһľֵ


33 
Ŀ, ˸СĶֻ΢һ٣ͺȻؽŽ˸ղúõļ
ë׵Сһﱻµ˲䣬Եرֳ˶ֵֻ˵Ÿովȣ鲻ԽҪٴչ
ȻѾֺس, һֻСˡ
ʱۻƵһһ, һĵϳڵķС, һ߷ٵġߴߴ
ϧֻ, ʱٴξˡ
ץڶֻǰ, ˿һһ㶵¶֣ص˵СʺϹĸڷŽ֮ǰȼԱǵèèҵķ, ڸʾһΡ
èè񡱵ʥֺ¶һ, ߴ޳ϸİָƿʮֵľ
ʵ㸧С辭ֵҲ׼һ, ټֱ
ϾԱٶȲͬ, Զĸöһͬʱ׳ʳܡ¼ֻ˵ֿȽϱա
˺ķ۸С, ֻ¿͸еʮˡ
˼ɪխ¨ﱻǱؼһԡ۾ƶĳ, ̬Բ, Ӧ, ۾ô, Ҳ
ǽĳеı֡
¶Ϣֻգ۹, ͽڲѵС׼ش¨׽˳׽յĹ̶ʮЭȻƵĿ
¶̲סС˿
ĵظ̾èèǻ۵桪Ҫ߹ˣܽӴСĻֱҪΪǧٴβӵеĴˡ
ǸƯָס˱ëŵĸʱԭʧءߴߴšĳ漣һ°
ԹԵɵָɵСռСצӴӽŵŵƵɣԵĸҲԭļҡתΪš
շ
ȴûͷðǿĺɫģظ¶ǵһ֡
չʾģǵ־Ըʱɵصũ̻ķշշ
νշ˳СܶķĽʱ׽Ȼתйڳϵס
ǰСйٷء
йֳǻ±ڵĵڶ͵ӵĵطܿһöͻС״ṹԣ֮Ϊԡ
㣬㿴ˡ
赭д˵ţҲȷĵطٶȡ
ȴһ߿ŵĸ˹ͳ飬ղסǰȥİСԶЩĶ
һλɵСк
ǷɫСС¡𣬰ԴЦš
ڸ˹赹֮ǰյ̱һżСӣŵ˼ǰС
ǲеѣƺǿ¶ڵãȻݸһЦģʾΡ
ַͬޱȵؼֻԱʱŹܼҸ˹ɱڵĿ¶ڸЩŵص˵ͷС˵𾴵ĵ£ҡһѧˡ
żԡ
ЦеģٶץһֻС
ֻǺظϵëһټ򵥲ͷð˱ɹİʾ
ԭ񼱴ٵġߴߴҲưˡ
ֻǰһۣͺȻذĪù˳СݵҪУ̫С̫ᷭǸλڱ¶
һ˹ʾţһϸ۲¶
Ȼ¶һΪ̫裬̫ţϳ֪Ϊʲô󣬺ܾöûá
¶Ȼ׼ûϵԵôĶ䵽ﾹȻôѣ
һֻƴ󡢳С÷ɲСȴѾŵóһ亹ǵͨ졣
ʵϣǴʥʹӹСԷ㡭͹ͷˡ
ؿ˾жЩСкԼô˺ЩҪСһ
Ȼ֪Ǿ޴ȴҲһۿС
̿˵ҪţѧϰסȻȷܴҲһվͻˡ˵ҲǺܲģҪܿٵһãǲŻмء
ô򵥵£ȴôοţ¶üֱҪ޳ˣҡˣ¡
Ӣèè񰡣ô
ΰèè񣬴һǻ۰ɣ
ĵײͣš
Ҳ֪ǵµİá
ӲͷƤŵ¸ղŵ˺üκڵطֻһڵֵʱ˳͵ĳǸλ
һλе׺ƤСŮ
Ц˵ţʾ¶ŭءߴߴеŽϴ˳ڿ佱һ䣺úܲ¶
ޣʴȵĵ£
һֱеֲ̿ѵ¶ǸмˮҲûסһ±˳
һ߻Żŵزţһסİͷ˵һѸмĻ
óСŮİڼܿƽһʱµǲŽָ
ΪԼղŵȻ
΢΢Ц׽һֻСٸı󣬵ݹȥͬʱ룬èèһֱϲĺӡ
ԭΪ֣СŮ侲İһ̾ͺˡ
Ҳõ˺ΰèè¶⻰󣬷ǵûһֹסᣬ˲Ȫӿ

èè񰡣
ʹҲk˾󣬱ϵؿܵĸ˹ܼҡ
ޱĸ˹ܼҵǿƽ󣬱ʹҪϰ߱ı޲ߵ¶ڳƽ
ֵðοǣôһ޺һµõɣץռеַĽҲԽԽ졣
246ֻʱѾԵʮȻˡ
СĳЩϲ
εʵ̫ˣ
256ֻĸ201ֻȫ漣Եûý׳
һֻ12ֻԵûɵģ˵ȫǹ
ʵµȻûĸɰ
ؿۻĳȺ·͸Բ壬˲úĽĴļ
˽װʳϺˮȵطɢڼ󣬾¶׵صķȥ
¶ԺﻹصŸղŵ佱·κģ·ɥʧ˼
ֱ˵ĽŲȻͣ£ʶԭߵǼ󼦵ǰ
СԱ˺ܳһʱ䣬Ѿ͸ˡ
Ƕʮֻէ׵·ļ类ְصũūϻᣬʱſţ۾ضȺ֮͡
ȫ˼ȻƲϳҲԲŵζֱǰ
Ѹײڶٶȣʮ̩ȻؽʮֻӦĻƻͨͨһ顣
һƮİģվĿ¶΢Ц˵֮ǰҾ˵ͨèèĵڶ飬жĽ㣬԰ɣ
¶㱵ʣɡǣ𾴵ĵ£ѾڳǱΪ̷Ů𣿡
ȻֹЩʧЦ˸֪ʶЩèèһ¸Ľ
¶ٿڣͺЦڵĻֻˡ
ԼõֳԱ¶Ȼġ
¶еһУڽһְҵǰ̫Ҳá
ȱʳɳ˵ʳĽԶʵʡõġ⻹ֵֻڵĸݳ޵ɱ˳⣬µ¶ΪɳūĽĶ
ڰļƻֻĸպܳΪ顣
ͷڽһʱ۲ԼΪǲĻ߶ƷĲˡ


34 
ôֻĸ, ʹ͸
¶һӴסˡ
ֻ˳Ļٴһ, תȴָʾūڵָ̰ɳٴʮܼܡĳˣҲŽᡣ
ƫȵѾѳļֻҪһꡢ˯ļ׳õıµ⡣
Ϊ˷ֹˮڲĵ߶ȱ߳ⲿҵϲܴڿӶ
״̬, Ȼɳǻ桭ϧ
伦ĴСðеΪ⣺Ŀӽ12ƽ׵, 㹻200ֻˡ
¶㶵׷ѾȻؽһˣ˵ģûܴӸոյʹﷴӦ
졢, 鲻Խָ, СʵĿ𣿡
ǿ5ֻڲڵĴĸѽ
ܲ棬㹻Ϊūܻӭˡ˵еĵܷСֱһԴԴϵĲƸ
Ȼ˶뵽㡣
һ˲ūĽĳĿ⡣
ȻȻ˵ΰèè񰡣kͽµĳŵա
⻰Ҳ⵱ūǵ˵ġ
ʴȡǵèèһֱϣϵͽܹϸõ, ߳˼, ζػһĿƵū, ˹˵⣬kǻ۸ɳһЩˡ¸ҵվ, ΰèèǵǻ, ˹øõĻ, Ƕõͬ, ӷĽ
ɲϵ鶼ΪĿǰ࣬ҲֻΪ˾ƣܳõġ
˴ִȡ֪ʶ⣬˵ǻҲСֻ֮ǰͷ԰ˣҪģǹ˶¶һԸ⿪ԼԽΪλĿǽѡ
ǿͷĿ佱Ĺڻ˶Ĳпĥūķ
ؿͬūһȹеĶ˶硢ҪĵھӽӼõ¶Ȼƾèèµǻ۹ôúĴȻױȵĴ
Ž¶ūݱΪԭҲ
һ¶סڳǱУĻܳһʱ䶼ڱйעļ﹤ƿĸ˹ܼĿأǣݱ䶯񲢲κӰ졣
ֻҪһ컹ūũūͻڡͬ࡯ݣʱ̲סԼĽжԱȣӶϽġ
жԱȲоͷж
ҪóȻ¶ūײ㣬һԾΪǱŮ͡ĻūǱʶͻȻؽӡԼˡųȥȻľؽ˫õĴԽԽʵ
ʱҪ¶ΪūҲվչһҪ־
ʵϣ˵⼸仰ȷڲūȻ󲨡
ǾԳҹˣϰֻǵ΢âײײн
ڣǰͻȻսһƹ⡣
˶йעһ˾ԼԼ֪λ̫ˡҲηηزһ
ʱôúȵġܽͷ̵ĴܳԵѩ׵⣬ÿڸɻʱ˸м
ʹǴĵΪ񼣰ٳ׵ճɣǲаϵɹǿʳǸеİȫС
¶ĴڣȴشһС
ķ츲صı仯ϵ¥һǵĶߡ
¶СŮ԰ﵽλ߹ĵ£Ϊʲô
Ψһõΰèèĵ£ղѾ׿˵ˣʴõèèΪͽǹøãؽǻ۴͸еġһЩˣ
ɭһ±ĵ÷ɿ졣
ͬūһóݾĽĿĿλ˴뿪ᡢصǱ
ȴûһ߸ŸոյĻһ߸ɢؼҡ
ҵ¶
¶ʱоһʹ֮ǰ¯ܴ˵ľͷʱǶҲûѺá
ֱЩı󣬲ֻΪֻͼǳĵȥġ
ر죬Ϊ˵ġԼĲ⣬йصµһ㲻˵
Щ˺ܿʶʲôȻɢȥ߽ǰԵΪţ̫ˣ¶ζû뵽㾹ȻܵõΰèèĶͣеµ
˵̲סЩ˸Уĸ֪ĻһҲǳǳοġ

¶۾ġ
Ÿǰʧ̬ؿ޹ε·һɱĴˣᶨ죬һ
ÿֻҪһͺá¶ԥ˵ļҡ
ôУǶһʲƸѿڶȻڳǱΪ£׻ūһЩ
ҵİɡ¶ᶨ˵ûͽܿ壬ҿѾ׷Ҹ׵ĽŲڶȥˡ
ܻرģҲֻЩˡ¶΢ЦЦȴȼųȵġĻ⣺һСԺҪ׸ˡ
Ӳܵõࡣ
ʲôûУֻҪôӽʹֻůڵġĹâһֱҫĵط
Ϊʹһֱڸ߸ߵĵطҫҪĴۣҲ뿪ʱĵЦš
֪˸˹ŵ⣬ӵһλһֻСͽ
ڡô༦ϴʱϸ뿪ˮԡͰʱϻڣԭԡõҲЩڻ
ΪԼϵζڹ峣õѬ㣬Ǵ·մϵġ
ϸо󣬲ž㵵ط־ȻԴϢ
ˡ
ֻôοԼȻΪһճ겻õԡȻԴЩһѾٲŵ
ͨ˹֪вٹ䷢±ÿȥ͢ǰҪСƿˮǿиǹŨصĳζ
ֻǴ͸Լǿζ֯һͬʹࡣ
һߵͷɣһ߽մϷóĲƸ֮ڻϰԵķʽʼһܽᡣ
ֻڿʼ֮ǰ̲ס˵
Ĵ
ܾҪ΢һ㣬ǱȲ֮ǰķ
̫ϸ΢ɻضһèè˻󣬻ǷССɵ㡣
װèè񰡡
ĿԵ֣¡
ʱõľٶȴǽèèǵر§һֻèһЦ˵ҽµĽָѵǿèèҪʵͽʹ𣿡

ůġŵõϢĻסػظһյ飬ö

ǵġ
kʶʣȴظ˿϶Ĵ𸴡


35 
ȻûңԶش
ﹻ˺, ط˱䵱񣬷˴ͷλϡ
ɵ, ȴڱ۾ǰȻ뵽ʲôڵ
Сˣ鲻Խغˡĳ֮ǰû
ǶԴȻһµУΧؿ˿
ֻ֣һ׵Ѱ
ֻһۣášʶΪֻèè, һèèŮأ
˵Լ, Ȼʹ˫סèèĵϾһЩ־ٸ˵㡣
èè񣺡
һŰֽĳ, ȫ޷⡰аèūͻȻȷġ
Ѿɿؽkˡ
ĸè𣿻СĹèֻèèעûԱ
û϶
ؿ۱ࡢһؾצĽɫèè, ۸ԷκηӦغЦ˵װèè񡣡
ס峺͸ʯڰҰУϷϵͳĽ弸һ˲͵˳
Ͳġ3Ϊ˵ߡз䷽
з򰡣벻ͶôһзɡֻҪװ, ٽˮ, ڶȴϺ, ˮ
ֻſһֻзҪĲ嵥˲ʧȥȤȻҪ2ö, Ƕôݳޣ
ɳѾд, Ŀǰ, ֻèèõһöء
ôΪһϺ, ݳ޵ؽϡȱԴ
Ȥȱȱƿߣͬ1ġũˡ
ְҵԽڣҪľֵԽ࣬ĵҲ߼
֮ǰ⿿ջʣ׵ľֵԶԶũˡĵȼ45ġ
˵ǣ¹СҲṩľֵպýũˡ5Ϊṩһũ۳۸10%ĳפ״̬
Ȼܲʱɲóˡ
ɳǵʳ˸ࡢܿǳĴ쭸ߵʱڳһʳɳǵĲ״̬
ż
ظ̾ţر˽棬Լ˳ξ
ӵڶ쿪ʼŵĵڶ׻û죬ͳ׽Ϊħܿͷ֣ʵϵͳԡһı׼õ÷ǳֻͣҪڳǼһȡůʱɿķǣˡ
Ȼںĵ¶һȥȺѡũūΪ֡
Ƕ¶İҲǶĶͿ顣
ļƻУȵһ󡢿ʼµѺĹģͿԽˣʱ﹤Ҳܿʼȥʽϸڡ
¶ûز³˵⣬ȴθеϻ̳Ͽ֡
ȥҲԸʧ˵õȨɸѡֵѡʱκĶҪý
ȸѡģ΢ʶĶֵɭϡ
Ϊ¶ѡλھӴȴû뵽ῴɫ񡢲Цˣ˾䣺Ϊʲôѡǣ
¶һºˣػش𾴵ˣԸèèҲģǡѯˣľͷʱҲǹ۲ϸѧġ
֤Ǿ߱һԣҲԹһ̬Ⱥͻԡ
š
¶һĨŹЦ⣺оݣ
ܳ¶ж֮飬΢ͷϻ̳ϿֵūЩɳǷǳҪϣǲҪèèıӻҲҪ¶ڴ
ɭϹڵϣһ񣺡ǣ𾴵ˡ
ʵϣ˭ó˶ӵĿء
ÿ춼ᣬ޳ָ񸧹Ұ㣬شÿֻļӡȷǵ״̬
᲻ʱ˵ṹڲ裬ͨı䳱ʪȣÿṩȻյʱͽǶȣСǵĳʳˮȫҪϸһһʡ
ûūÿ춼սսģ»ش˵⡣
ǵĹ״̬չʮ⡣
¶ǳڷܺѧԺܸߣҪظڶΡ
ۿɼٶ׳ɳţѾɫͬ
ʹǸǼ졢ֵյǼֻСۼУҲ¶ľºָܿ˽ʳлˡ
Ȼֻ㹻ͨã״Ҳάֵ÷ǳ
ůɹëɢζһҲš
һ۵ëԲļӣǻõ
ȷϹ¶ԽԽӦֺ󣬾˳Ƽ˳ڼʱ䡪ֻÿ̶࣬ŴΪ˾ֵȥС
ʱʲôСְĸںʹ͸¶ǼֻһȽϺ󣬶ʱֳ˷ǳԵĲࡣ
ɳǻû类ƵǼżҲƽʣһЩǮֻĸιΪṩһЩʼ
ճ˵̶ӵĳ;棬ûĸյɳǵǰǲµģԸʳ
Ȼ˰ǶʮֻڶͿʼµˡ
ΪԱȵǣûбֱʹ͸¶ֻĸܿͬķ˶ȴ½ʼ˽ʳµ
˶õ񼣣
֪СԱܿͱū˽ﴫˡ
ĵع۲ȷϱԼĸò;״̬ԸãµҲĸƵÿһö
һɣͲԴÿȥʱ˳ֽʹ͸¶ֻĸҲһˡ
Ҳܼ򵥡ֵ٣ҲǾֵ
˳֣͵ٳɶˡ
Ȼɳֳص㣬ҪԿѧֳķʽΪܲһ
֪ǣôһ˾Ͷؿˡ˸ֻ¶ļҲӵڶͿʼµˣ
Ǳΰèè˵ĵ¡
ĽЩ
û˵ǹ̫ˡԵĿɹɺĥסĵطÿ춼ҪɨһΣȵˮҲʯ˹ĸɾˮ
ʵ̫ˣô
˽̵֮󣬵ȷ֮ǰҪ̫ˡ֮ǰҸţô༦ӾȻһֻû
ҪܱҲһ᲻ȥġ
èèϰ㶼ں˵Щʲôҿľˣ
ǸӣԲô˵ġ
Ķﻹǵܵ񣬶ñʲô졭
ǿΰèèֻʴȵΰèèӻõӻɣ
һֻֻëɫ͹ˮĴĸ׵ֺŲʱܻῴȺֵڶֹһ󣬾Īظ
۾صһм߿ˡ
ʱһξ͵Ķʮһա
ļӣ̷ʰڽļ½̤Ϲ;
ʧǣλ˵ƶ󣬸߹ҫ۵ˣ֮ûС
Ҳζţļ۸߰ĻעҪһˡ
ǵȻûͨķʽȥǱˣҪǻ̰ƵĹһԲˬġ
źﲢûܳɹȫλġƵĹܼҴ˻ȥ
ȷûȥˡ
ĸĻʱһһߵŵڶ׵ĳ죬һ齫עʹϡ
òԭֻΪɳʵ̫ˡ
ε롣
˽ˣˣҲֻΪʱе۲ѡ


36 
ۿļ, ƹİм̻ؼҵǶǱ͡
ϵĲʽ, Ȼϡɫ
֮ǰ, ɳǳˡ, ڱûκɫԡӰ֮, ƾͱıˡ
ɺӵز㣬Ϸϵͳֳ, ǶʮֻڿĸµĵȻǸģѽ
ȻΪЩʳ̫ҲΪΪٰġ硯Ϲеĺ
Ȳ˵ζʽʵ̫ˣ⼢ı, ǹζҲòίȫòôޡ
οϴ;пиЩˡ
ʵ, ܵ㣬㹻ĻŭţⴵϺöꡣ
˵ǳܳζ׺ˣҪԵְ, ǿҲ˵Ϲسζ
Ȼ, ֮ǣҪˢһɳǶѺõĺӡ⣬ҪΪ˽δɳǽġ߶˲Ʒ֮һȥ
ǾϷϵͳṩ䷽˹ޡ׼ס
ϧ˹, ʱ̫, ֻü16Сס
Щ, ڵһʱͳζ, ػ
ļƻ, 2޸˷ʳʣµǱҵƷߡ
ⳡе̾۲ͷǳأø˹ܼǰǷԼҴǰһ翪ʼѾΪڶϵϯ׼ˡ
ٶȰеļĴʱ䶼ɺӱߣרĴ
ֱĵñٴ˽ʮĴشŸ˹˻ȥǱ
³л̣ܽ
ڹȥЩѾӦλƵƵչֳ˾񼣵ˣÿȥĺӱߴܴʮο㷭һ
¡
лܽ۶ֱˣ뵽Ҫɱô㣬ڣҲеͷƤ顣
ѵţô㡭ĶҪõ𣿡
ÿ㶼ˣֻ򵥿ƣһ㹻˵Ķˡ
ܽӵģȻֻ˱ܰǵǣҲʮˣѾ´ˣҪõôࣿ
˵ҪЩˣ˾ʳĻ˲Ҫõôʳġ
̿ôܡ
лܽϿ赭дһ仰ͽɵˡҪһЩҪõǼ⣬ʣµ㶼Ҫ֮ǰʺãƬֲĻ͸˹˵һġ
лܽĿ͵ؿλʹ΢΢Цţ˵ѹͲšҲĻȵ죬Ҵҷһ١ʱǰ˰æɷÿǱſһݡԼؼҺʲôȣԼɡţˣķݶȷÿֻȡһһ
ϾϰūڵĻнˡ
ÿ㣬Ҳܸൽÿ˶ŶӳԵĳ̶ȡ
ԴޡҪڹֶȱ¼򻯷ֻ̣˿ڶļͥԵСˡٵļͥݳ޵õǼƬ⿾ԣ˶ģֻúպųˡ
ᵽָɳǵڻġǸյȥĴһ
Ϊ֮ǰһСΪǵϣŸ˹ȥ
ʹֻǳ飬Ȼʹط֣ɹĳ̶ȲҲͨвٴеѾùˡ
ȻϷӵȷ߲˼飬ɳǾͲôˡοЩ׵״̬Ͳʺϼڷš
壬ַһֱԲĴҡ
ȻҪǽʡЩԵĻǹÿ˳ϴµġ
Ǵ˼ʱùЩȫȥʶ˭ԣܵèèͷġ
˵ò죬Ҳ̷С۷ʲôϲװǻƵسһЩ塣
ɵЩлܽʱȴãȻ״̬޷ԼһС
ż٣
κġ
ָģѵ̷ֻĸ߹ǣʸף
лܽ޵֪Уÿ죬ͻǰƽǹرմš
ֻܵĹϯϣЩ߸ϵȨǣһŵغƣƷšмȣһǳʥ裬ʢϯϳҹȼ򡭡
лܽʱȴȻ뵽ǰγΪԼȨ𡢶µЩС
һһͬʵĻֱӵײìܣҶÿ껹Ҫ˰˵ȷҲ̫ƽˡ
ڰĿģ˵èèԸūʳȡķֻһ롣Ŷˣÿһλ񣬻ȡһơơ
ڰУȻȫƲϺöȴǴƽݳƷ
ѹĵơƣǲȥˣֱ͸ƽǡ
Ц˵̫ˣ⿿˿϶æ˹
˹񣺡ĵ£ġ
Це˵ģװĸ˹
ҡˣˡ
лܽ˺ܾãڸ˹Ŀ¶תϹϾӦˡ
лܽȻǵһ𾪵ˣȴԲһ
žۼǱſڸλƲ۾վ̨ϣǾٰļļաʱ˵϶һƬհס
ΰġǵġèè񰡡
ϤѣңԶУʶʵo۾kͽ΢Цš
΢ĳӲӣĵѩҫۣʹһɢʥĹ⣺kһʱŬϣ˿ľ
ӽԺÿļһ죬ʴȵèè͸͵ǵļաݸֻҪڹȥһΪɳǵĽ踶ͻǻ۵ˣʸǱȡһʳȻ⽫ǹ׵ĴС
˰յȻҪĹ֮һ
ǿһˮƽԴܿ첻ٶȱչһ׶ʱͻ׵ūӦõõĴ
֮Ծüڵ뷨ǴѪҲܼ򵥡
Ŭ㣬ǲϣôʱܶĿֻС
ü޵ļΣѾʱһǵҸˡ
һʱףõȴǳѡ
˺ܶŬǸ嶼ȣͨ޽ö洦ɼķʧ٣ɷðһڷϢء
ֵָ׽ӭܳһʱķڣյݡ
һִѧϰ˵ʲôǱȡʳ͡ڡǵĿֶȵأ
һ죬ƽʱǣʲôҪ˵ԽһԼķݣȥʰȡԼݶĿ֦ҰԼԵʳҹΰèèϲ֣ڹ㳡ϵ𣬳ϲĸϲ赸Ȼɳǵ벻˵Ŭǿɿʹϻ۵ĳһ޷һϢǣèèҲڴϢȨ


37 
ȻվŶӵū, ȴӲǸϻ쵼
ϵ񣬿ɱ˭Ҫöء
˵ѵõһλ󣬰Ȼ˽, صǱȥˡ
㾡, Ȼµ, ڶȫջ
˵, ΪʲôժֵظҵȴܻǱصĳЩϵĳ嶯, ӵԵ
ͽ̨վŵūǱͣ
⼸ʱס˳ǱɭϣҲôסˡ
ÿֻ¶ĵɣСǼʱŪŪʪĵϡɾʳˮϸ˸µľָʾԼнһݡ
ڰЩ, ȴʮַ
ٶֻĳҪǳĵĿ⿿һ, ;ɹϢʱʵٵÿġ
ɭȴо㲻ˡ
չЩǿšõĻСǣֱһ㶼
߻ûﲻűӡڱϻĹ¶ʱûзͻΪ鲻öĪϼǶ
ÿ⡢谭ļ, ɭҲǰ, ֻľȻվԭصȴµİˡ
¶ٺòķǰʼ˼
еİ취ˣȥѯ¶ȷϡ
ɭô, ŵõ¶ı, ԭֻơԺ跨Ǳʽֻ͡µҲá, ٿȻΣʶ
뱻ɭԶԶ˦ںͷ, ֻҲſԽ, ¶⡣
˼γɵԾϵôԭͷöѹ޴¶˴æ
䣿գ
ɭŵظ
µ˵ǽûмյġϵ״̬Ҳûкõȥл㱵ؿٵǰɣͳһ𣿡
ôУɭԥ˵ǱĻ͹ˣƾʲôڵϵιأҪǲĻһ䵽ˡߵĹܼϵĻô죿
´ܱܵػҪż١Ҳͷͬⷬ
ĻȻԶµɣСٿɰķҲǳġ
ЩĻɾԲλĹ˸ġ
ɭϻڵĻƣ֮ǰĻȣȫȫͲһ¡
֮ǰæµǳصģҲ˾ġÿ̰ڣ¹۵ֱֻ⽩ʹƶֳʳȻٵÿ
ôͰ͵ʳҲ䲻ȫᱻߣƽܱһԸصջ⣬ūȫˡ
ֻܿÿϹǰһӲиɻʱӵ﷭һЩĲݸǿ伢
ԴԺһжͬˡ
ΰèè˵ģλͬĵ£ųͷ֪ƣԿ˽أǽҲҰ滮þȻĶֲ
µصҪģÿҪǸֵһؽˮݡϡ͹Һжʩʡ
ԣĲ
ūΪƨȲϵġﳤİණͶǹƲȥĶľˡ
洦ɼķ㱻ɾʺӱļҼһһ˴ĺľ޽·䣬һɸɾĲ
׿˵ˣЩ˶İĶ꣬ͻط֡ׯøõĶѷʡ
̫˼ˡ
ɭ롣
һƷζʱǶĸжģȴҲǻֵ̿ġ
ӵôƯľӣ𾪵עȥйҰް㱩¶ڱ˵ĿС
ǲƷˣʲôҸζ
ûūʹõǵҸֱµġҸˡ
գ
˹⣬ƽ񡭡ūǣпԴӵһʱڼϢһ첻ɻҲܴӳǱ쵽ԣϾȻݳޱȵصȼǳ裿
ūǴؿű˴ˣ˵ǻϲȸԾ˵ǻ̿֡
ū
ūһעҪΪ˸ɻŮﱲҪΪɻֱ׷׳Ϊֹġ
˵èèĶ͵ĻȻĵŷõèèһеǣȴʲôûܽ׸Ǹ߹Ĵѽ
˵Ϊ˻èèʲôˣ򵥵ĻɵԶԶû˺ãҲ˵Ķ࣡
뵽ūǾ̲ס¶
ôЩأ
Ȼԡ
¶ϻ̳ϿֵôʱʧЦΰèèľڽ¸ϾĿ֮ǰkҲԸҪͽǡѵҪɵkľ𣿡
ģˣ
¶ʱŵɫˢףǶûܹϣƴϡ
ţš
ЦŰһ䣬ͽ߷ŵĳлܽˣҪһ
лܽ
ˣҪһ
лܽ¶ãȻȻز䣺èèдڸҵġҽ̻ʳ֮ǰͽ̸˰ɡ
һèèǻۣлܽٲҴţϽ
óģǼζ׵
ɹɵҪǰݻҪʵĻǴԵˡ
ǱһſŽŽ˹ˮС
ȡһۣˮɢһ£ڵˮС
Ȼһżɢɺ˳ʱ뵹˵ˮһΣһˡ
ۿųȻɫĵһУȻ˿˿Ƶǳɫƶʱлܽ˿
Ҳ̫ˣ
ǵҺ׵ζһ𣬾͹ʳָ󶯡
ɫɫļ˿Ʈϸĩֱһ羰
³չֳգҲе൱⣺λܵĹܼӱĵطѡ
˹ŴǰΪСҨһõ¶ȸոպˣŽŵУ˰ǰ
ǰ㣬ֵسһڡ
͵ĵζѾһ¾ϲ
ϧճԱˡ
ֳ׺󣬾ͷףʣµľͷָڳǱµ˰ɡ
һʼԽԼʣʳ㣬еЩŤ򽥽ϰˡ
Ϊʳ󣬸ΪܵõӴĲ˸ֻͨܳ谮˲ܵõ١
˸˹Ȼ⣬˶Ʋס¶ܳı顣
ϣǵҲ룬ԸţʱԶ򼸸ǵÿ£ˮҲǴζġ
պ̫ˣЩˮܽ
лܽһ񣺡ǣˡ
֪ǣ˵ЩҲû˻ݳ޵˷ѵġɬĲݸɳǵūԣѾֵζˡ
ȹ͸ʹӺ󣬰͵شϲñ
ڸ˹ֿƵĿУȻµժȥˡ
ֻǰṳ̂Ǳţ洫˸
ġȵġʵģ˭еĳ顣
ԭæʰҵǷ׷˹𾪵ؿһվڳǱŸ뿪棬ȴϵūǡ
˹鲻Խΰèè񰡣⾿ôˣ
Ҳסˡ
ϹĸʣѾϲֱèèݵͽǣŶ˵ĸм͵͵ĵһȫµ衪
Ұɭ֣ŶʴȵĲƸ֮񡪡èè񰡣͸ʹèèıӻ£֣׳ɳۣΰèè񰡣лµķԸеʴȵ˱ӻèèΰԡ˵Ķ֮УжΰèèΪһУ


38 
˳Ⱦĸ, ʯĳˣ
οǰˡ
ͻȻеǳ˼£ʶؿ˹ܼҸ˹, ô޴գ, Ŵ, ¶һɬɰЦ
ûѪܼҵĸڻˡ
ȡ̫ڵµſڣĸΰèèһҲ˵İɡ
˵ţȥ, Ҳæƿ˳ǱĴš
ſһ˲, ӳĹ⾰, ֱóǱ˶סˡ

ööĻ
µտ⣬֪ĸʽҰСزժȻ˳ǱǰĿյغ̨ϡ
̤·, Ѿ۳һƬͷ׵Ļ
ȻţֱǽҰժˡ
˭֪, ūǾʲôʱɢȥģֵǴôҰ
ƶӦƻķľ⣬ʵѾ˵˶ԴʹȨҲǰעǷԴ
ʵ֤, Ƕˣ˵óȻõȨõ쳣ϧСġ
˽ֺֻʰȡԼҪнҰԵһ㲻á
洦ʢŵҰ, ǱܼꤵūġǱ˽ԲɼҪʳԴ֮һȻ𵽳伢Ч, ζҲƲϺ, ûжԵġ
Ȼɳ, ȴĬѡ˲ʵĻ䣬Ƕ˱޵ĻܻҪöĽǰ
ǵӰڳǱŴʱ˶鲻ԽֱͦˣţԸΰèèԶ͸ʰĵ£
һƼݣȴϣҸףִ˿صʻ
ǿ²ǻһݷ϶ǫ⡣
˵ϢעУλӵ峿貽𷢵ʹ΢΢ţ¶һͷĿѣЦݡ
ժ²ñȰĸ˹ǰӵʰһۻɫС
޳ָظ˸ǶʱĽŵĻСꡣ
ĿʻĻ棬þһܱڹ͢˴ų羴ȥ͵ͻ
һ̣˾ĿһõʹЦ˵ţҲԸΰèèԶӻλ
ȻĿӴĻ
˵ôһϲÿȥ仰´ָʾ˶ȡ䣬ŻؼС
°ɡȻ˵ڸèè񣬶ͽǵĴ͸
ԭ̻ȻūǣҼȻǰ½ʰؼҡ
´ϲñµأժȥˡ
˵ģʵū֪ͼⷬĵ׳ϵľٶ
ĿǰһУȻԴͬ飬ҲʼԼıġ
ȻԼлÿֺҵͲȥһٵҪܻݵǷĻмֻպ󱨴
Ȼǣͨū׻ɳǡЩܹ˿ѵˣĻûȫľ
֮ǰֻǱѹţֻǳ˯šڱˡǻûзҸõ׷Ҳһѧ
õʻԼܻȡУΨһ׸ġ
ͨ˶ԣĴ̣ڵʳڶůڼű߶ѵнһεκˮ󣬻÷յĻر
ֻҪûɥʧ׷Ķͺá
һ磬ܹİ׵֪ƣزժһװӡ
ٶٿ죬800ȫժһҲѾ͸ˡ
ڸ˹ļ£ժ׵˲һδƿ˿տĿ⣬˻صǱ
ͺ󣬰ֻ΢ڳǱɢɢʳ󣬾Ȳȥˡ
һԼŵɻûء
ǵϤӰʯȵľͷʱԭǽȴ¶˸Ͻվֱˣ񣺡Ըȫܵèè𾴵ĵ¡
š
һʼеЩ΢ȴѾϰ˶xxèè񡱣xxκΰʣߵˡ
Ͼһµժ׵ʱ򣬾ͷֶèèѾŲɵũūǣڹʱط֡Ǽĺָޱϵʡ
ʡҲͰˣΨһ֪ʵİеЦá
ۿؽʡĿŵΪƷ׸èè󣬲ʶַ뾡
ǽèè////巢ˡܸ˽ס͡
èèͣһҹͣ
ĿǰðĵģǼЩѾ¡Ҫ׼ʼǰѵĳǣ׼𣿡
˵ˣ𾴵ĵ¡
¶ϹϾ˵
ЩĶѾǸ׿ŮҪ̫ˡ
ɭϣϸ˵ָʾǰü׼ķ򡪡ñŵСľȦһС׵ź衣
ûȫģԼһͷúܺá
䣬ʵӦ30ҡ
֮׼С21ʱͷԭҪ
һǼڣǾй۲죬޲ʾСһµĳɳٶȺõ״̬
ŵ֮һǱ¹򵥣²Сճ㡣
СҪȵ߱ȫĿѾӦ¡
⼸Ҫ¶¡
һȻʱ䣬óӦҰĻĥݺūǲ׽׳棬Ӵֱռһ롣
һȷŵİĻ󣬻ѸϳҰʳĳࡣ
ȻǵڸձŵʱӦķӦҳϵͳҲӦ⣬¶׵һЩľ裬÷ÿϺˮ
һʱûҰҵʳԴĳڰ
õ˵Ŀ޺¶鲻Խ¶˻ϲЦݡ
һҪϸ۲졣ضһι3Σǰ5ķϣͰս֮Ҫ𲽼ıȡں10ɹɡǵ̫⣬ҪµιϵĴ
¶ҲЦݣص˵ͷ
ȷ¶յк󣬰Ż˿ǣ΢Ц˵ǾͿʼɡ
ҪСǴӰյļתƵأʺϵʱů޷硢СǷӦȽϳٶ۵ҹˡ
Ϊ˸ĳǳֵʱӦҲΪ˷ֹǱûҰߡԼʧѡĳʼأǱġȦһСƬ׵ء
С¶һֻһֻشС׽ŽʱľȻתƵ˽׵Ե¼׼ᡣ
256ֻѾεСУɲǸʱķˡ
ۿɼ˺üȦһſܱġƮƮСԲ
תƺ¶Ѿͷĺ֪۵ûǽŵá
ܺá΢Цţ첻Ҫŷǳȥ
ȷҪɶԼİֻܳüųȥǰˡȻҲΪ˵ձóʱ


39 
װèè񰡡
֪ʲôʱ, ˯ǰèèȨԼܽϰߡ
Ҳ⡣
ɫвèڻõk䵱ΨһڣȻרĵԼĶԻУǷСĵһ, ϣһ˳, Ҫ¶ǶˣСİĻܵˡճʱӲʺӵټһֵ״ϵǳ۲, ұϾǸӦò̫ӦԡšǷŹٺ, Ҫȫ֮ǰ, ٸЩȽصˡ
ңԶޱȡ߲УһʵĽɫӰ, ؼȡΪ֮, Ӱʵ
ܾ۳͵죬ҪܾúܾãkȻϸϸطֳҪǵʶ, ֻɫèèϡ
Ƣõů, Ψһİͽö˵ŵkĻȴҲ޷ĳ
˵˫Ư۾Ȼһ, вèֻС俴˻
ܵǵרעĿ, ĽɫӰؽסˡ
Ȼûлɹ, ġèèġèè񡱣û⵽ÿ춼΢Сӡ
ֻǱһָкܺõè̲סһѡ
Ȼǻƽӵеʸ, ĥޱȹ⻬
Ԥڵı䲻ͬ, èèĶȥ, µģ
̫𣿻Ǳ´Ⱦˣ
ûж롣
˼֪ɢһСۣЦײƸĶͷ֣ôǸоһЩ
ͬԴһֻСèʱᡣ
ɤԾ£һ˿ôΰèèԱӻңһжչ˳𣿡

õġ

֪ǣ¶ڵõϲǺظӦ
Ľ޾ϲԴӡũˡһְҵܺϣһ5ٴľҪһ·˺ü
µ׺տǺ˾ջϵҵҲû¹ôŬ£ľֵҲֻǻ572%
վĻȡٶ㣬Ҫ6ٻҪһ׳죬Ҳٵ7졣
ļŸոտʼҲżֻҪڶ쵽ϷϵͳȫԶǰũˡ嵽9ؼͺá
ѾͨݡҲܻȡũˡһˡ
붬Զ䵽ֻŷ޾˵ĵز
ڶһ磬׼ʱϰԵߵߣȿһء
һʱоˡ
ȫżٵġôũūǻҪôͷҪôˮͰڵһճµˣ
ͷʹؽܼҸ˹˹ô£
𾴵ĵ£˹˱׼һһɿָʹǰͣһ߹ػظĶѾȥˡū֮µأԸġ
Ըģ
΢΢üĻǰҲŵġ
ŷżٵģһϰ۲۵Ĵн١
ǹΪǰӡ󣬶ūǰʩѹ˰ɡ
ַֹ˵ǺΪūһĹõıԸȫȫûˣèèϡ
èèµͣǸ͵ǵĽѵᵨ󵽾ܾĶ𣿡΢࣬ǿ˵˳Ǳµ⣬ΪظɻԸҲСǿȡвǷڣĹ£ҲһҪؽо档
˹ԥӦˣˣ𾴵ˡ
֪ǣεѵõ˹ǡаɭŰūʱ⵽ϳ͵ǰ֮ټĿùλ˶ūжʴƽʱŰĹǾʶȤƢ
ȻǵưǴӹģҲԲū⡭ڹڼ䣬붪ݺùǾԲǰŰūˣεȻҲȥΥ¡
ū֮ԼµأĵȷȷǳԱıԸġ
УΰèèõʵѾյˡ
Ǿõˡ
нṩֻһʱ±յֻǻðڴ
ʹƬ֮شģǾΥǴδйϣ
ϧһУŸжͳ羴ȴʲô޷رλʹ
Ϻõľϴġһ¼ΨһƵèèͨĻ͸ǵʻˡ
ڡҲҪرλõˡǿ飬˯䰲ȵūǣһ磬Լͬس˵
Ȼ󱻺ĹǸˡ
ˣЩ
»ޣȴֻƶѣūѾˣЩӵûıӿˣȴһ¶ûдϣһ㲻֮ǰǿ󶼲ĥɡ
Щת䣬ɶ˴ġ
֪ԼѾ˵Ĺǣòǿѹ±޴Ⱥʶôū/ţΰèè´ͣҲ˵Щ˵ȥϢǾȻҲ𣿣
ūţΪԼˡ
ǻôЩֻ꣬ΪٸɻǸɲû
ȴҲû뵽ԸµظɻȥǿϢһ졣
ūһհ׵ر˳ũأԼǰľϡ
ƽͬǴûйԼ֧䡢ʲôԵĿʱ䡣
ǰӣ˿شľϣǽ·ӺͲʱҲиָͷġ
ڣǸʲô
ūǰδе
ʱѾ͵ˣʺϷʱ仹ҪһԴϷˮˡ
ƵߵҰڳˮߣˮ
ġũˡְҵѾﵽ5ʼֻװ50ˮѾܽ85ˡ
ҹȷΧҲ󡪡ֻҪжݵһ5ꡣ
Ĺܴ󣬵ʵãϾûȫ̫Ҳ
ҲζţһֵҪ콽ˮġ
µ׵Ҫÿ춼йȣһͣһ죬ͻջ˳һ졣
1000׺200տֻҪܸʮ˾͹ˡ
Ļǽˮһ㹻ľֵľˡ
֮ƽʱӲȥԽˮΪ̫˷ʱˡ
ԶԶûֲǷľȤҲṩκξֵ
ôūÿ˸һأһ֪ҪЧʶ١
Ǹ⡣
ǵһʵʹϷϵͳˮ
ͬװˮ֮ǰĸͷһҲأˮЧҲܸߡ
ˮűһȾɫҶӱʪʱġžž졭Īо·һ/Ȼˡ
΢һº󣬾ؽ˸ɻ˷״̬²һ·ȥ
ūǶԣҪؿŽֹ˸ɻȴˮࣨûУΪһ׽ˮֱŸҹĻҪ尾
èè񰡡
ᣬĬĬš

Ҫʹôƣ
ţǸĳ磬ñ΢ūȥɡ


40 
ɳ˶, עһ졣
ũū¹ؼҳ͵ĵ磬Ǳžͳˡ
ūãȻעУ֨֨¡ľ, ôǰĽѵĸɾ·ĳǱ
ǵûʲô飬ƽʱưˡ
еūǶ㡣
𾪵, ׯءʱֻǾվڴһࡢ﷢ĹܼҸ˹⣬гǶһľƳ, ʳ
нӲӵ, икáһЩ⡢, ˣдĺ, ĸµġǼļ
Ҫʳ
ӷ£վһ
һʹһߴߴţ, ų˶Уʳˣ
ʳˣ
ǵʳ
˶˲侫ϲūǵĵһӦȴųɶ, ˢˢؿȻڵǵӰ
ݵĸ첲ŵ, һֻ󵽴Ŀĵˮ
˶뵽, ˮ, һǳ, ׳ʵūţ¶еޱȳ
ȴô, ڵűūĻ
Ǳ˿ɲ֪ūʱܵļ尾
ϵλͨǵū󶼲磺Ƕūǵ, ȷȷʵʵġϵʵ
ټɳ, ţĿٵÿ, Ҽ縺Ҫ翪ѵְ
һͷڽ׳ڡţҪ10öңӰֻǺżȻŻᱻط˴г۵ҲҪ20öң
ʮƥֵǸߵһó޷ĳ̶ȣϹ͸İӵ񿥣ÿһƥҪ3000öҡ
ӵе֮ĹѪͳ˰⣬ڵҲֻżʿųȥܣȫʺϷŵ硣
ڼʱڣ˵һöҾͿϺüūÿ춼Ҫһôܸȣ
ǶʹŽַȥʳΪЩͼ糾ūӵжิӵĸ顣
лܽҲǵһֱôū
뵽ҪڸеЩ֮࣬໹ǽš
ѳϵʳбҪ̻ūôʳ
ÿɻʱ̲ס˵һ仰
Ȼβÿ˶ֵܷúĽɳһȱԵġ
һλõ˼ˡ
лܽ롣
ô浥Ļȴ鲻Խȥš
λôҲʶĳǿ΢ŵ󣬾Ͱ˵ķԸõһָ˸ػʮū
ūǾᣬغ׵
žʽȡʳˡ
ԣҲ˶쵽ģҷǹÿūϴµһС
⣬ǰˣȻٵļÿһŶֻ֡족Щ˼ҡ
Ʃ޽ʱ졢ãֻʺʱࡢԼݽˮˡ
ǿǼ
˳Ǳ⣬ʳǰֻƽżܵݳޣھȻԸָū
ڹǲͷĴߴ£վŵūǣͶһ·鲻Ըıʳˡ
һһ߲ᣬֱòĹѡ
Ⱥɺ޵ʲô
ЩóƵϵ˵ĴڣⱲӶûȹôúȵ
ʴȵˣʳģóôõȺūȻɥֱɶ񵽲ܹòʶôˣ
ЩūǸʲô𣿡
ֹš
Ҫƽʱһӳȥˣû˸޹Źū
ΨһūǳƵϹϵĹ°Ҳе棬ɴڷʱ˸ʣΰèèı£ǵõ˼պʳΪʲôеôˣ
Ըèè˱´ˡ
ʵūػش𣺡ֻǣλ߹Ĵ˴ȴܲͶʵǣʵǡ

ҲЩء
èèϰ¿һ㲻Ҷèèвͷ
Ĭš
֪ɳǵ˶һΪΰǵèè΢ūԸչʾʴȣȴΨõʹ̫Ͽˡ
ʹΨһ߰
ʱڵİȻ֪ԼǱ׼ġԴˡɼѾ޹èèˡ̫һںڹ
ô׵أϷϵͳֻľֵȴеƣۺˮĳأȻܻʱ䡣
¢ô׵һܣҲСˡ
˵ˮʱҪһȺüꡭÿ85꣬Ҫߣֱùˮټ
Ӻӱ߰˸غ̫Ѿȫߣȶˡ
Ӧ10ӡ
ϵͳԹȵʱ䲢ֻҪ콽ˣͻᱻɳ
ǰͣ⽽һأȥ¶Ƿż
ûвǡ뿪صһ˲䣬һֱ߶ūǣͶԻûĸɵð̹⡣
ǵϤӰڳʱԭɿǽȴˣ۾һˣվֱˣķ˼Ըèèˣ
šĹעȫ¼Сϣô
СתƵص¼ɹĵһϣһ˳
ǳƽ𾴵Ĵˡ¶˰ҪĴ𰸣ˮȻúˣֻһϣˮˡ
ܺá
ص˵ͷ
С𽥱ŵصĵ1-2ܣνķڣڷɹ쳣ؼģ԰ѹء
ȻȷҪƵϣҲ˲̫硢ǲ̫㡣
ů͵ĳģСͰʱʳߵģʱιˣպֻȴͶιϰߣȥԶ̽ʳ
ȻҲʱ̷żһº㣬ǸİطСҪһЩʱϤµĻ
¶˼ȽڴصȴӢ˵һָʾʱȻʲô˫Ưɫ۾ͿǣǳԹ𣿡
ȷе˵в͡ɳ˵ֻҪгԵľУںʳ֡
ʵû⣬¶㶣ػش𣺡ˣûС
ΪҪƽūǷż٣ΨһҪæľǳǱˡΪ˸˷ʳ˹ܼóǰǱ˲ͷ
ǽʲôûҪķе£ôܳԵأ

ԭֻһʣû뵽ʵ˾ȻʲôûԣŴˡ
εؿӰεĹܼһۣ˹
ǣ¡
˹شޱؿΪԼ¡ޱȻֵ̿ˣȥ
˵ϵˣĳݺϲĻϵĹܼʱèıܿ־ˡ
¶˴˸飬Ͱ͵رʾл󣬸Ͻȥ
Це˳뿪󣬾ؽЩڼë׵Ŀɰǰһ顣


41 
ΪԹȫ̵ľ, ͬԶһȶ쿴ɵˡ
λ׿ƽūǶżһ죬Ϊжèèݵӡʱ, ֻΪǹáաͷƵĹֶ߳Ρ
ܽˮūҲȥԵЩ֣ɳ̫أ
ϰһ仰, ǡ˶Ǳȡʳ
ˣȡʳ
ǼֱԼˡ
Щֻھ֮, ĵΪλٵĹĵĵز
ڼۿڸɻūϢڸɻūںڸɻ, ūȡʳġµߵ, ˶˼ž״̬
èè, ȡȫκ, ֱһĴڡ
ūʳĺȴܿӼ˳
Ǵ¢ţĿⷴͶ˸սȥĳǱšͽһĵء
ֻ߬, ɿͣظš
ڸʲô
ūǽĵʱ, ɵ۵ľǹˡ
ǸջС˶ūǺùͷ, ǵļҪЩʲô۽ƳһѶūǳӿȥ龰
ǳű, ūǷɱʱ, Ѿ̫ˡ
ǵƤ, Щū·¢, ľͰʼˮȡˮˮ
ȻΥΰèè˵ǷŭغţҿǶǷˣǷˮͰ£
ԶŵĻţڱ˴￴ŨصĲ˼顣
ΰèè񰡣ǾȻ֮꣬ǳűвūǲɻ滭棡
Ȼƽʱū־壬ֻҪ΢̧ͻʶرԴȴĹǣȴ·ʧȥе
ūֻƽؿ˱׵һۣͲܲ˵ؼˡ
ЩɰˮԻǣǳɫϡ
ܿȾ˺ɫҲࡣ
׺ȵˮ
Ҳȵˮ
ඹտҲûб©
¾սЧٸҲ첻İĿӴūӿܿͽȵĹˡ
ΨһµģǱȦΪӵķءλڳǱǿС׵ء
ֹ
һľʵūǣһôظоʲôĵѿ
Ǹ۵ͷԽԽ׳ȻȻһޱȳصġǴĶ
ǳ˱ܵġȥ⣬ΨһһģҲΪҪ顣
ǻںĶ챻֮ǰѹ¶Իᱻ޴ĳͷĿ־壬ȥ͵ȡ֦ȡů
ôѹ¶δ֪ͷľ¡˳ӦԼΪɻıģ

ľ棬ڹǶе֪ʱײվˡ
ūɭһ
ֻΪȥļ̫ˣ˰ֻԼһˣΪūĸ߰ǿȥ
¿ײ
ײϴŵģޱİı顣
һֺġη΢Ц
һʱ˵ʲôζ̾˵飬ᱻèèġ
֮ûˣǰ´ĵΪλĳʹܳͷһū
Ͳһˡ
ײ̹Ȼ˵ΰèèԸ⻤͵ͽҲһǵήһжĸԸģʲôͷҲĸԸؽܡ
һȺƻĳ棡ֺ˵£ȴǳе鷳
鸴ӵİ²ͬǿɲūǵ뷨Ը
ֻͷʱô졣
ոǷŭ֮£˼ܵūġ
Щūܵ÷ɿ죬㱻޴˼£ҲûͣȡˮͰĶӲǵǵֲꡣ
ʵҲҳ̫ݡ
û취λĹʵ̫ˡūõüֱ񻰣Ҫǰ˴̫˵Ļ˵øɭ³
û취ֻȥʾ˹ˡ
෢͵üģظĿУҪеŭˡ
èè񰡣ҲܺλصĹܼ
ϰµģӲͷƤ˳Ǳ߹ʯȣھͷǵۺʱεءͦñֱӰ
˹£ֻרԼСҴҳ緹¶ǽ̸
µĽŲؿ˶Էһۣʾ⡣
⣬΢һ£ߵ¯
Ȼ˹ܿͽˡ
¿Ŀİؽūµ˵ǣܼüͷȴ˿û
ȷе˵˹ɫûйһ˿һĸı䡣
ˣ˹˵ǸԻؼҪõٵˡ
ԭΪ⵽ϳͣû뵽ô򵥣㶵ʣūǡ
˹΢΢ףЩ飬ԺḺ˵ġ
ظˡ
Ͼ˶λΣ˶Ŀõġ
ǰ»ˣԸ˹ƳŵĻеޱȷġ
֪һ˳ӵūȻΪ˱ĵشһأ֪һĵѾǿаæˡ
˹ʱؼල¶ˣ򿪼ľţСؽµĳء
ŵȻŵġ
ӸСιʳĵһ𣬰Ͷ¶ιʳ֮ǰôľ裬ͣС׽=ʳ䣬Ϊ֮ķû
ļƻУΪСӦʱ䣬һֻ졣
Ϊ˱СİԸ¶ιʳСڰ뼢״̬ʳԸ
ľ飬һɭ໥ϡСķɭڼ׵ؼĿյվţôľ裬ʳƣڼϸľСϲϳС
ڰУƻӦܽеñȽ˳ġ
Ƴ˹ڽӽԼһлҪ˵ģȱ˸ƣֹ˸˹
ǹؼʱء
¶٣ޱش˼š
ů뼦ʱĳǵġߴߴһ±ˡ
ܿ죬һֻɫӵĳëֹĿɰСƻ¸ҵصһ¶ͷ
̧ͦͷ̽СצӣС鲽Ƶءߴߴţ˹ĿУ̤صĵһ
˵һֻܿ˵ڶֻֻ
ЩлҪáİСһѭɭôľϵ·׵صķߣҲޱ
鲻Խ¶΢ЦʱֻʳϵСԲ۾ҲӳվڲԶӰ
ߴߴߴߴ
ë׵ļͻȻ˽
ڰûӦ֮ǰջרϵЩСǣǷļһ
ŶСȫë󣬹Ĺĵزǰ㣬˷ܵسɱ

Сͻˣ


42 
, Ǳ˿һȺë׵СſɰСڵسԼĻôķӦ
ޱСƼǣƬ̺, ʶ˼
СȵСǣʱܵøˡ
¶Ͻͬ˵ɭţ裡죡
ǣ
ɭγ, Ա֮ǰҪϼôľ裬һˡ죬һ߾ģĸġ
ʶسķ˼, ͼ嵲סӿȥСҲͽ͡
һֻֻ̬Բĳһ·˷ܵءߴߴţֱЩܻǵֵֻ˳ȥ
ǲһеļƣ˭, Ǵ潫˵Լ衣
ƽʱǾ߱Īʳ, ¶ɥʧǶĿӶ, ȿֺСţֱܵǰ
һ΢
΢Ľɫԡ
λ¶ãȻɫ۽΢, տ̧СԴĳȺضš
ٶֻӵǰС, һԲ۾ض, һչչţ۷ɫһһ, ϵطߴٰġߴߴС
ͷ紵ʱ, ǻҰڶǶ̵Сβ, ԴȫĶ
˶, Ƕ»ٵء׽桢ҶӵĶ, żءߴߴţϸȴҴҸϡ
¶֪õĻ棬Ҳ֪ôݴʱԼĶڻ˵ĸо
վ˰󣬳ٶ۵գգۣСţΰèè񰡡
Ȼ˿ĺܿգЩ޴롣
⡭
¶˿ĭ˵ڡ
δҲ̫ɰ˰ɣ
Щƽʱرĳ˳Էʱһ㡢ʱҪô׽СҪô
Ȼǰֵôճˣ
ֻճˡ
ȫֺáеͰ͵̬ǱϵϳġġߴߴǱǶ󣬸ԵһԲĻɫëǲ̤Сצӣಽ
ɭ϶һۣԾִٵطľʳϡ
ǵǲ龰κβԾĵط
˵ʥΰ޷οСˡ
֪ū͵͵ڸСǽһڷӦ
ʳҰɡ
ɭ֡
ǣɭϽСܹȥЩˡ
ܲʲôۿЩë׵СִҪסԼҲֻܿЦõȵĽɫˡ
裬ȴûмֱӵسȦõ׵صķȥ
ȻĴ£յһʡˣһġ衱뿪ԥ̧צˡ
εشǽ׵룬ΪԼÿ͵ԣС˳
˵̺ЩƫĿǴﵽˡ
ȷϹСȫ˷أ˿
ֳٵˣʱ򣬷ɿ˳
˹ղŹܼһлҪ˵ģѯʵʲô𣿡
ʲô£𾴵ĵ¡˹ϹϾ˵ֻղŽһĵأѾūŵؽˡ

һСᣬεؿһĹܼң˹𣿡
ʵںţôһֳС£Լλȫܹܼҡ
βǣ¡˹̹̹ػش𣺡֪ʱѾ̫ˡ
ȴһ֮׷ʣǰ֪أ
ﶼԵܵĹܼ΢΢һЦݵһ񣺡ҵĴ𰸣һѾµˡ
ڶèèľηС˵أʹڰūǷż١Լȴµؽʱ˹Ҳѵס˳Ȱĳ嶯
ۿС˽ˮľٶ죬ٲȻеģ˹е˽š
һ֮󣬾ĻҲһأ
˹ϲԣȴʮǡ
ֱٵūǣѵѡ˱ķʽ
е֮࣬ҲѵõضЩһֱС˹ȺĴڣЩ΢ĸĹۡ
ʵ˹ˡ
İСģũǷȤʱջľֵ
֮ԻΪ˻ȡ飬ְҵܵȼҪߵ䷽ˡ
ȻһȺֻ
Ѿ֤ˣϷϵͳӲֵ׵أӭգɳǽעȱʳ
һֱèè壬ʵϻۡ⼸ƷʣΪ˻ضԱÿˡ
ֻ˶Լ԰ɣջʳͬʱҲȡǿҵĹСѭ
Σʰèè񣬴͸ͽǿţԸҲӦýйԲ´ˡ
ۼġǸȵĺϳ󣬰ȻԸţūǵĵȷȷǷԱĵġ
Ĵ⣬ܲΪ֮ж
Բܹ
ֳ̬ȵĻһؾͲܵūǾʵôǡԸˡֱƵõڼﶼҪ޳ӰĻֱδĳЩھӰ
˵ǵɫ۵ףԼһĨȻЦ⣺ǳҳһ⣬ΰèèصġ͡ƷʵķϣֻССسͽһ°ɡ
ǣ¡
˹ȻƴūǵСˡξȻ¶ҪǵЩ죬΢΢ǰصȴһָʾ
ͷǡ
Цڽϣÿ˶뵱һ֧裬ǳһ׸ɡ
ڹȥʮ꣬ʮꡢʮй۳ıֵūԣͷɵġͷԹô˸еͷˡ
˹ָʾԸȥʱһضСǿ¶ˣĶǵһηܷ̫ˣڵʱͽǸϻȥ
Ȼ͸ˣҪƬ׵׽ĳЩ·ıҲǼ׵¡
¶˵ͷת׼¶˲̫ı飺ȵǷżʱҼ˽ᷭһ£һЩܼܡ
Ͼٹһ£ȳȥëҪѵСܼˡ
ܼ˯ĺôԶ׼ģ˶Եķ͵ϵĽӴҲڳ˶ʳøá
֮İüſӳʱ䣬ţصҪľôͻسϢϰߡмǰᣬҲ뼰ʱߡ
¶סͷ
ȻԲʶֵ˵ԷǳѾŬؼ˵Ļ
Ǹ߸ϵĹˣȴ֪ô֪ʶ
¶ʹԵΰӰ
Ψһܵõèè˵ˣ
ȻǼǲסôģֻһվţ֮¶ȡ
ǰƽɭһЩ͵͵Сľڵϼ˸ղҪ㣬¶ǵõд©ĵط
ɭľٶ
ϿмǧͷβĴäء
뵽㣬ضԶ̲סˡ


43 
ҹ, ɳǳǱ׼һһҹ۲͡磬Լٿ
˵صõ룬ǵһ̤Ǳŵ, ȻػԼõ·
մ˳ϴøɸɾҲ޼ޱ࣬ϻ۸߰ˮ
ͬʱִĳǱ, ֵصȴ˽ʱǲźۼع۲˵װ硣
ͱȶպþ˹ֵͬһǱˡ
Ȼ˵˹, ⱻǼʵġͷλ˵رλ½Ӽˡ
ΪҪлĳԱ֮һλ컹ִƤݵС˵˵ͷ΢ЦŴ˸кԸԵèèǡ
ۼ֤ô񼣺ΪΨͼǡȻҲͱȶ, ԥظıǵ
ΨһЩ, λ/ʵ̫ˡ
ƹܲƸ, ȻϽͽϵļƷ
֪ΰèèֻӵǻۡ͡ͳʵˡһͺǼֱź˼㡣
ΪԶĴˣʵǷǳԸһЩƸΪ֤ԼϵĹġ
ƫƫλޱȵĲƸ֮ǰ, ֻܱεؽܡΪͽԼ, עҪλһͬˡ
Ĵȶ, ˹ֵܵȻҲ˵
ڴͷ£ĸ˲, ܿĵһ
˵, ܿͷ֡
˹˶ǼҪټġλʹһʥ޲, ȤĻΪȹǹۡʹشⳡƤ˹ˡ
, ԸΰèèӿɱƤ˹˹ӽ̾˵, ڶλϵ˵ֻˣԼѾֻʣ´ͷˡȻĴ⵽ˤһȣ࣡ǿƤ˹
Ȼʶλˣĺûг˹Ļֻò΢Цš
˹˼ܿתⳡˣƺûڴᷢκλӦǶ룬Ƥ˹һǶô˰ȻԹɳǣ֮ټµӰġ
Ҫɳǲ˹һļֻȥһƤµĻĽλҲǻ̲סɵġ
ڲ֪䡱͡¡ʵϣǶôĹΥͰ
̾š
ȥʮһȴɳǼ̫˾ˡԽࡣ
ȴʱת˲ţĳǱ˺ܿڴŴλ˽彣ȥٰͥҡ
ڰݷõλԶԼĹʱǱȻġչʾΪ͵Լ޶⡣
ЩĵλǣһҪȻѡ˳ӡ
ǴȡԭװԶʵõĻ彣ѵԼͷϴŵñٱ׼ָ
ĿǹĻӭǵľͲͨˣصĹܼˡ
˵ȻԼֻССˣԲʸλҲǹĹܼӴġ
ǶλЩš彣ʱҲЩ˺ġ
λ
˳İĹԼԵذ˿°ڳµ˿˴
ȻԼǡʼǰȥһ˲䣬λ˾ɬ㣬ʼ˶
ȻѾڶˣܷ۲ΧȴͷһΡ
Ͼ͵ĵطĴľٶǾԳƵϴҰģĶթ˷֣ȻͨŭĹˣ⵽Էķк
һ൱ƾɵĳǱ
ֻɨ˼ۣ˾ͼͬʱͬۡ
ΪٴϱĻͱȶ۽ǳƵϱȽϸߵġ
̦϶ʯɫôͨҲûκͻǵ̺װΡʵ̫ˡ
ȫȫ䲻λ˵
ĸϧ롣
ʱһۿλҽһĴʱȻܿƵ¶˾޵ɫ
Ϊ˱ʾⳡ۲͵ӣڹܼĽ£ӲͷƤһȻƲ¹ݼҲܱ̾һߵĳ
ϴūǰ״ηڡèè񡱴ڵ˵ʱŵԡʥСΪķβͬΪסսթˡ˹óٱ׼Ĺͷ
΢Ľ𷢱λѹ÷ɽ˿׹Ǽ⣬δסĳƺ毺õഹ䣬ճµ򢡣
ɫĽƳɡüΪʽĸ£ΪصĹʢĲ÷Ϊİʱûеʽǲ˽Ϊʽ
ڷ׷еĹǲ̫ϸģԳƵĿ䵱ɫ΢ţûڱ޳ľûеסѩסֻмմԼ͸ŵķ۵ӣֳǺʥ
ڰֱ͸һÿţܴϵƵڣ˿ȴһ㲻Եøǳ
ƼʹĵسȡһƮϼ£ֵڱϦȾùϣǳгɵȻ
ǲ˼顣
ķţţ̾
һ۵ƾɳǱȴΪλΰΨĹˣԣĿתˡ
˿ûвľ޺ͳԡ
·ʹظоԼǻһùװεʥֻҪķ΢һ㣬ͷϵξͻε졣
е۵ܿھ۲ͽ֮ǰʡʡɡ
ڻ˵ֵͨ׵ˣֻ޿ס
°ɡ
˵һߵĸ˹㲻˹ʾⵥϥ
Ǻܿ쵽ˡ
ڵҪÿλڵʱ뵥ϥΪ񣬲ԡԸΰèè/xx˸/ͷ԰һ
еΣͳľˡ
ȱ͵룬ʹǹϥ˺󣬰𱻸˹ٴβùһȾʾƱ
Ըΰèèӻλ΢شϵĲʽ˵ϵĲȣ˵ܲƸ֮ǻ۵ĻӣɵɫƷؾƷɣ
ǣǷ׷лÿ͵ʹӵ̷£ȤʳһݡҨϼס
װ͸ˮƯһſŽӲӵıǱ紵ɢ˵İɫ׺űеϸ߲ˡ
Ҳô
ָֻŨĻǳμƷˮ
ԾԾԵ飬΢һ׺󡭡
̲ס˵ڶס
عʱѾСĽҨһСȹˡ
δ򴽣СԸȴָʾʹӣϽٸҨһ
ΰèè񰡣ǻ˿ɹ󡪡ʵ̫ɿˣ


44 
ۡ
ڻںĿʱ, һƴҰľ˰ĽͷΧΰèè񰡣ҴûгԹصʳ
һʱ䣬˶ͶԴ뻳һһ̣ȶϡ
, 
ѹ, ݺݵزıȶһš
浱޲ڵڸԼȥ
˭֪, 徿жϲŭ޳С嶼ƵǱŭġ
ֻ΢ʧ, ʱҲᱻĪõĹصð
ͷ߳һ١ϳȥ, صĻܰǹʹһķ
ô꣬ЩƢ׽ӽģҲгܿǡ
ɱȶڸʲô
Ⱥ£ա
ͻȻ˵С, ʳֱ׵ʧۣ
̶ȣص±ͶУҲܱϿɵĺ
ǡǳǸ
ƽʱȽԹıȶͬɻĿע, Ǻ
ҴææطӣҪعڵϣǱղŵľٶð˵Ĺˡԭ, ʴȵġװĵ¡
¡
ղʵҲСһ
ڵʱǹܼҸ˹ΪСпԼ֣ʱָֻʣˣǳԵʲôֵʳ𣿡
ܶȵ˽⣬³ԵֻӬ¶治ɫµǿ
ϵĲ, ôķӦİɡ
ǵġ
ȶͷ亹, ôصĴ, ȥ
άſڵϵƣػ£ĵۣʵܺóԡ
գգֱۣǰƳһۡ
һףһ¾ˡ
ţɡ
ǰٴοڣıȶҲԼӹѡ
Ǹ˹ֱλ˹ȥǿзϡ
Ϊ˱˶Ҫ¡Ƴɳز֮һ׸еʧ̬֡Ĵ־壬΢һĨѺõ΢Ц
ɫ԰ֽıȶͶȥ˹񣺡ղƷģΰèèµǻ۽ᾧȷʵصĲʽ
˵˹˵ͷʾͣΪбͶҨһףһڰɡ
й׿ǼʹڿȶķӦ󣬸оޱȲֻӲͷƤˡ
ֻݹˮ
ΨһһƷֵúԥģԱȶķӦеĻˡ
˸տڣŽȲؽ֮ǰΪҨһ

ͷϵζܵǰδеǿҴ̼۾ܿƵصɴˣ
ǡ
üᣬϲ𣬻г̶ȸոպõζ
ĥ䣬֭ˮĽС
ˬ󣬾һֱġ
ζܵĳһһ㣬ֻﵥĿζͷһӵе飡
񰡣ûгԹôڸǿҡḻ˼ʳ
⧲£ԵᶼŨӵķζ˳
ʵ̫̫̫óˣ
׽ú󣬻Żȥĵظ̾ţ͵ʳ
򻳶Ҳһ΢ı仯
ôı飬ôḻ֫嶯˭ȷϲ׵Ŀޡ
ıȶֱϯϱֵѵƹԲ
Ѿ
ǵèèڴʳʱΪһᵽΪ˵ζȴһغŽŽɵˣᡢ̡ᷳĳɳǱµס
ݸ˹ؽһףͿĨ˸ɸ˹Ϊпİϣ˵˵ѵ飬ҲӦøе¶ʵϣǿԽϲκһʳϡ£ǶɲĴ䡣
׸˵ζǿҳÿ˶͵ġ
ʳζʮֵʱ˵ССһôӡ̵ĲͬζȻغгǱȤˡ
ⳡ򵥵绹ûΨһĵ˿ؾѾסˣȲѯ׵ļ۸
Ƕӹɵ˾λĹΡèèǻۡɳС󣬾ͶЩλ˵ʵˡ
Ȼ˲ǺҹݳƷǵתͷǶ۲Ʒ㣬Ǹеζصףȷ˲Ͳ˴˵ϲ
ÿؾϲѵǣѯ׾ˣλüֱֵĹ£Ȼ󷽵ֱһƿ
񰡣ⱲӾȻܵõʹͣ
ֻܳµСľӣò֪˵ʲôá
ĿĿɲΪʹģ̸һʶ
ϿҵͱԸ󣬵õϢİȻùܼҸ˹ȥ̸ˡ
ʵֱӸ̸⡣
ΪΪ棬Ϊ˳õĺȷʺֱӳġ
пɿĹܼҸ˹ûʲôɷĵġ
ܿ죬˹ʹ˺ϢǿأкЩҲֳҪһ׵ԸҸһ10ҵĸ߼ۣ
Ƕԣ²׬ȡͼΪԼÿĨϳζҲǺܲġ
Ҳû뵽ֻ˵ζףȻôܻӭ
ԴȻּɣ׵Ҫʱ䣬ҲֻпͰ͵8ֻӣĿǰ޷ﵽҪ
Ըÿ1öҵĶ𣬲Ҹ㹻ĵĻ£ϾƳԤۼƻＯ죬ɿһ100޸ǡ룬һЩƷ֮ԻԵΪϡ٣𣿡
ѾƷļƻ
Ϸһһ˹ˡ
һΪ˹Ҫú̫̿ˣҪѽһ£¶ڷľϣſܴչȶ˵˹
ɭʼյסջ󣺼ֻһ룬һԭԳ׵ı
Ͼ˹޻׵أǻϷϵͳҲȫϷϵͳڵġ
ҲζţһչҪɱسеһϷϵͳʧЧȫϡľ޴ա
ɲ
ϷϵͳṩİҪãڽȼü֮󣬾ӦнƵءѡԵá
ζûϵͳƷôã׵ľȷʵǻġ
ʱȽϿԣʱ̻
ܹʱ򣬲ġɫ
հƵ룬롢Ҳոеľúũҵչ켣ڱһ·£ͨϷϵͳṩĽݾٻ𲽵Ļ
չһ²ϷߣҲѧ֪ʶūȥ·
е˹ޣѾ㹻ǰ֣ǹһʽˣ̫̰ġ
п
Ҫ븻Ȼǿֵأ͵ÿֳ
˵Ӣĵ¡˹Ȼ񣺡һ


45 
ɰٰⳡ۲, ûʫ˻ò輧ıݣҲûݳᣬʵڲϹӦеųȴƵǱ
Ƕǳ⡣
ǲ, Ե˳ζʳǼλȿڵ˶, Ȼӹǵõһ׵ʹͣ
ԡͬǳ۵ĿУԿΪ׵Ǽ˸ǵú档
û򵽴, ١Ԥˣ˵ûԹ, һ˵, ڴӦôһλƵΡһ֧һöҵĶˡ
緢زлᣬ׼̡
ơõһԤ֮ģʳάء
ɳļߴ˵ļķ, ⿰õһˣļĺ󣬵ﻹʣ˵Ǯ񣬶ץÿʳĻᡣ
οһĴδ󼯣ļǹ͵ʱ
ȵ˶, ۾ҪϺüˡ
ӵ̿ǵõ˵Ķ𣬰ûȣתø˹άغţ, ȫȥˡ
ά֮ǰļ㣬˵Ļࡣ
ʵ֤ǹڸ߹˵ĹˡȻʣ˽Ļ
άض׼ʵʵȥˣû뵽·תֻļ϶ݵ¶һ, Ȼܼͨ, Ҫʣµȫ۸չˣ
Ѿˡ
Ϸϵͳṩǿ, Ȼǲ׷ġ
Ҳֻܵһɸܰɳǵδȫ档
뷨УԺͰڵĸʽɳǵĸԺʽΪࣺݸءغ͸ص⣬һϵͳṩһͨ
ʱ̫ãȫ˴ĸ˽е÷ǳæ
ֻ˵ԼѺͲֵ׵أūմͳʽֵ߲˵أûйĹע
Ȼȥɡ
롣
Ȼũ֪ʶյҲޣԱֻƾ޾ֵũūҪǿöࡣ
ʵҲΣȻԺũūṩĸעҪˮˣǰϸ滮Ĵ䡢Чʵأͱüޡ
ĻһϷϵͳʧЧˣ⿿һϵҲɳǵˡ
뵽ߵ˴ߣ»¹Ӱ¢ңԶļ𣬺ΧӰ
˹С˵Уϻʱľôһ档
С˱˫ۣɵذľƵĴϡ
ժ˷鱦ƬĽɢţΪŦ۱⿪ٱڵסƯϡ
ͨ¹Ĳ棬˹ؿСõĴ΢΢غ߳ţϸ޳ָڴ̨ϴнû
ʹƶˣ˼ǳ
˹һ˲ͷģƵʹ
ɺޣǸġӵġ̵߱߱ߣİС˱ӦÿǵعΪÿķգҲҪҪμӽĹ͢ᡣ
䵽
ҪϿĿ飬ԼΪۡЩ΢ūǹƵعػţ
֪ҳϵĹܼܵʹࡣ
൱Զһξ룬ҲԼԼؿֽеĻЦ衣
ūǺܻֻ꣬ܰ£ЩձɹͿĥԵ˥ϵǣǲ۲۵ˡ
һֱѹţѹֵľ𲽵صõͷš
տʼʱ˻ֵò֪룬ǾֻΪܡèèˡĳͷӲͷƤȥ衣
ԶʹиȾЦ·ǻᴫȾġ
һʼֵֻЦЦӴһЩҷſֽȥˡˮƽβıݣҲ˴˷
ܿżѵõľʱݣͻͻ
ݵǸҲ˱˷ܣ
ʵıݣôֵķΧ£ҲֻЦȥˡ
ãֱ˹
Ϊһֱû˹ڣۣЦؿɿĹܼ˹
¡
˹ؿС˫ϵǳҪҫ۾ѹĶʹȥһ𣿡
ӦñҵūǣΪµʴȶ˻Ц
ƫƫӦñӵĵ£ȴĳǱµžؿһС
ţָ𣿡
˹΢΢ͷǵģ¡ȻЩӵıݲֵñ
˹ЦºȴᶨشĻҵΪʲôģֵĿֵ֣ϧġ
ΪԼŬ¶δйЦ˳ɾ͸еĿְ
˵ǡ
˹˼ͬİС˵Ļ
Ҫ˵ȥĻЦ˵ûбҪ￴һͺܺˡ
ǸֵˣʵЩֵͬȤġ
ʹǹݣֻҪǰͻ˲ת˵ע
ǷڵĿ֣ͻսսӶ׶ʧˡ
ǣ˹۵ؿɫ֣ȴڼįСˣǱ̫ˡҪһ˹
Ļ治֪жǰ̣ʹֵµĻģ
ɻؿ۸˹Ȼá
Ȼ˵ȥֵķΧеϧæһ죬൱ܴʱ徻ġ
˹һӣ΢΢һЦ˵˹Ĺ̫ѵǻΪѾ˸̫ΪҪ𣿡
˹ԥػش𣺡Ȼᣬ¡
̫޿ȡ޵
ҲôΪġĿӸ˹ɫƿ¿ԶֵȺʱȻޱȵģ֡ɺͿ֣ҶԣֿɵõġȴƽĵһΡ
Ӱԣȴǲġ
ǱֵĻūͷƷĿζͻʧˡ
˹ţרעС˱¹յޱĲͬһʥࡢº͵
˶еԲλĴ顣
Ȼ˰˵Ļ
ΪǱİ壬˵µĻ//֡
ĪūðΥèèͻͷΣգҲµأСһĹȹ
ΪܶͶϿ̷ľ£ҲΪЩ塢С˱ֳڱĳԺͰĽ
һָɾࡢޱǿҺϵС
ūİģ
ǲ˼顣
˹΢̧򢣬Ȼţȴ̲ס롣
ڵµȻƺôһˡ
ֻܼĸ䣬뵽ùִĹܼҶūĹˡ
˼Ѿת˱𴦣˵ǸǱǷżٵģЩְλʵʱҲˡ
ǶԴڷɵĹؼڵСǣԱֳĴɡ
̫ٵ⣺´ηżǰһҪҪְλ϶㹻ֻѡ
ɣǶṩһѡ񣺡ҪݼٵģĹ󣬾ͿֱӻؼңϢһˡݼٵĻµнͶöͭΪ
ܳǱ۵³вͬöͭң˶ȻĶĸ߶ˡ
ôһλƺ˵ڣҪĻƱͲ࣬ԼڲûйĿ
άʣµӵĿڽһöҶꡪţͷĸţʣһ㡣
պΪӰѷǱˡ
룬ڼӰԱ˫нˮӦòǺϰɣ


46 
ȥȷϹС״, ;ǰæµȥϴϢˡ
˯£ԡ߳ĵһ¾ǽƸ֮Ϸó, ƽڻ
һ, Ͱһ
һȥôͱôˣ
֮ǰ־סвè, ھȻҪͬʱ˫֡
ɲشͻȻصĵ
ô, ԭӡ
ˡ
¿ɲҰżһ, ǽطľϣؼ۲
˵֮ǰиоƺڻء
ڿǸͲĴȷ¡
⵽ô£
ضֻȻ䵭вè
ȻϸֳԽԽ಻Ծĵط, Ϊɰ, ԼƵϷϵͳʵ, ʵںѶĻƽ־
ѵҪèèʹ˷Ž, Ҳó
ǼֱһѪ
һʱأ˿˼ڤ롣




¡ˡ

ͨ, ңԶҲȻõ˴ӿĻϲϡ
ͬõģļ߼ֵȴǵȾӵ
֮, Ϊ, Ҳ/ʶ
̬߱, һֱںκѵĻеĳ, δľ, ҲǰԽԽʶ


Ϊk
е˿־塭

Ÿվ߱һ˼, ȴԶ뵽Ӧ԰취ĵk, һӦǻˡ۾ؿ뽹ǲͽ
Ѿèè˺ܾáҲûеóκνİʱز鿴Ϸ
רĵоöһ׵ġèèָȫ˽ɫвè񡭡Բ۾һ˲תΪʵֺͫܿԭĻ档
ڷ鿴èèָ޹󣬰ֻٴνĿͶвèϡ
Ȼǿƺޱ顢ܱΪһ޹ģ
ΪʲôԽԽأ
裬֣СĵظԲ⻬ĵ
вèȻվţһҲ
ظӶԲԲԴƽʱŽСצϣһ·ŵȣǶ̶̵β͡
һţΣյıԵ̽һϢ۲Ķ

ȻʲôҲûз
˼
ֻ⻬ġ΢΢צϣ뵽ȵĵƽԼĿ󷽡
ôɰСè䣬ôʲô˼ء
ֽ
ڸоԼ֮ǰĻƺЩˡ
ԼôˣϾϷϵͳĵ߰
ڳطҲȻġ
ϵͳṩ͡ͷǸͷϷתʵʱʵֳʵƷȫһʡ
ͷ͸ͷоȴࡢֵġĵͣôÿء
ȻÿṩĽĲƸ֮񣬿϶Ҳɡ
èè޺ɰ޹ģ˵Լ
룬ԼеϷУֻèèÿᱻȡ̶һ
ʵˣŻָĽе
ĻԺʹϷʱҲҪСĿʱˡ
ɲȥӶһѳصĸͷͷ
һ龪ţҵ˵Լɵİ侲
Ȼ˵ǲĴؽèèڴͷԼ˯ˡ
šҲˣֻһ¡ͷϽջϷڴ¡
ֻʧһѡ
èèûмӵĻ֤µġӴʵʱԽԽʵ£Ĳ²⡣
԰ۡ
ϷٿȻƽƽĸְҵܵľ˵
ˮáũˡľκӣľ
˰ջ񣬾ֻпĿ޵ļݻõˡ
ֻһۣȤȱȱعص壬Լ˯ȥ
ֵǣԴ͵󣬾ΪϵϷϵͳˡ±˯ֱϷʱ趨İ
ΥһΡ
ֵǣξ֪Լճ˵ڲԭΡͷʱͻˡ
ȴûС
ΪƸıʡ˯ǰ̫ܵ𾪵ԭ
ţҲˣɴξ￪ʼ̽
ֻڸһСͿ϶˾һԼûĵطǻĳɵġ
²ŵġ桱һŰɫġԼ͸°߲ɫʡ
̫ĻԹȻںԶԶǰֵǣҪƽ̧ͷֻҪƽӣͿѭԴͷˡ
Ʋ
Ժð²󣬸ӾȤˡ
ô֪ԼԭƼԸȻôű߼ʵξ
ΧǰããһƬ˱Ũסܴʹ۾Ĺâֻ͸ȽĹ̫⣬ûʲôܳƵϲĶ
һʱѲɴǰš
ƺ˺ܾãƺû೤ʱ䡭ìܵʱ£Ȼ˲һľ¡
һͨɢڽԣȻɻƽɵĻֺ
Ȼǻƽģ
ؿͻȻֵ̾ԼξȻèèйء
èèǻƽвè޾ĲƸ
ʱεĽͳδŵĻƽ



ҵġͽ



ֻڵվһСһʵ·ңԶ˳
Ǻϸ΢ȴػص˰Ķߣ϶Ļú
ס
Ȼƾһ񡯳
ȻƤػţ񡯻֣
еˡ
ԣҲƾա
ʶʲôգգۣȻЦԤС
˵ϻƽͻƽ֮ǿҹ
³ǰģòһֻевèɡ
Щ̿
̫Լһ½ξˣڶԡèè񡱵ĺ棬ܿ;˳ӦĺĴš
Ͳġ桱ϡܵĲƶϵ鸡в̤ͬڻƽשϵһ̣͸ܵѥ״ԵʸС
ѥף
˯ǰӶѵˡȻΡ
еسǰţ󵽲˼顢ݻĻƽԽ̾Լķḻ
֪˶ãԶԶؿľˡ
Ϊݻͬ޴͸ŲƴֵصĵңȻǡ
۾
ɳǳǱҵľ
ֻϤĴϣûӦ˯ŵԼ
ȡ֮ģһġèӰӡ
ȻĻƽвè

¡
ˡ
ʶسǰһֻвèӰͻط˱仯
k䵭񱻳ɢİһ翣ɢ
ؿţֻèɢɽۣܿһ¡ǱҪߴöӰ
ƺҵ˱仯ķǵӲӵӰ±ʵҲˡ
֣˵èūֻɰèèèè˰
Щ΢ɻ󣬰鲻ԽһֱŻ仯ĵk
ֱĿⲻС䵽Ժ͡ˡһĿɰèԼ⿴ë׵ĳβϣͶסˡ
ˡˣ
µ峿Լ
αѵģɲֻ˯еɳˡ
֮ǰһֱ״򲻶رҪպһʱΪͻȻѡ¶㵵Ľ


47 
, ΪԼϷá״򲻶ӵʧе˾ȡ
ϷϵͳġϲʵЩ࣬ܿͽʵȻҲòܡ
ҪܶЩ, ǿ賿ʽϢĻ, Ҳּɵġ
ͨڵ仯ԼеġȻȫϷϵͳչúũҵķ, һ˿϶
ϷϵͳʧЧһء
ѵһЩ, Բˡ
Ǿڴ, ƱĿʵʱ䡣
˵Ҳ֣˵һξٻǴġ
ɲǲƶϵ, ֺûʵĻƽ, ֻǳвèԼǰݴ˵Ϸ, Ȼǵ
ξ, ǰһĻʱֱҪԼĿ࿴ˡ
ξʱǱʶ, Ҳǿҵǿ־塣
⵱ȻجΣȫĪ, ҲƲǸһΡ
вè㻯ˡ˶ĵͳöһֱ, ǿɰеһĻĻ
ȫȷ֤
ε˱ϾԼ, ȻܲԸ, ǲòԼĽڲˡ
ѵ, ԼǱǿҵĸǹ, ͵͵
ˡ
ҪΪ̫, ôֻΣ
뵽Ȱա߳ܵ/
ֱš
ô֪ԼȻƫԸеèһڣʳֵزȻɰвè񶼲Ź
ŷûˣʶˡԼĵĳ.ɳһʬڴϣʹ˼ʹ״̬
ϷевèҲǳƽ
ȷе˵ǻƽһʶǰδеĲ
kҲڰա
δȫ۵壬ζŵk߱ǻۡ
kƺҲż֮ǰĵkΪ֮㣬˻õ⣬άֵkѵ״̬
˵kھʱǳ˯ŵġ
ܽǿ޾˯лѵģֻǵ类ڵkҪĵǵʶöǵ
ÿͽkkξݵ͸ƽʶֻڰʱһµʶԸ
Ȼkֻʮ޵ݣм򵥵˼
ֱͻȻд֮ӿ룬õkһ۳εҲ˼΢һˡkԼ޷Ȳ˯ŵͽ˵kС
ֻӵ졢΢ػŵ꣬ܲȹâвܵ˿˺ֱʵò
ȻkȻżؽͽݵϽѾ˵k̫Ҳ˲ûܳŵڰǰ
ҪҪľǰ޷ͻеĻǻ޷ת˺ġ
kʵͨ»õʶһ󣬱Ҵææؽһ˻ȥ
ż
k˼š
ҪҪ
Ӧá

kر۾
Ϊ˾kջʶ

ܿˡ

Ψػͽϵһơ
kһֱ

ٵȡ

֪ԼǱˡ
ںúõҷʡһ󣬽һȫµԼӴ׼·ͺȻ˲㱻èè
֤뷨ʱˡ
֮ؽƸ֮Ϸȡ˳
Ҫ¹ӡһȷˣèèȻûдı仯
Ҫ˵Ļһ㡣
֪Ϊʵԭ
ֻΪԼĲõ֤ʵϷߵпܻΪ¶ʵ̫仯

˵Ӧһġ
ȻھǳεľȺɰࡢϵĽɫвèʱظеЩ顣
ΪԼװϷԭʹʧ˵ڶĽȻȥժһƯҰ
Ȼ֣µطèèĹĵĹ⻬צϡ
װèè񰡡ѵĿһһţˡҵðɡǸ
˵󣬰Լʹ¡Цˡ
ⳡԡƾĶǵĲȥ÷żǰҵ˼ͣˡ
ңϵ챻ĳȺĺøжѾﵽ۷塣
Ҫ࿿Ļ¶ͨѵüȺļƻ
ȷһʱ䡣
ȳǶĺøж½ˣȥ¡ӰպƷĲ

̾˿
ֻԴмһûõһʼѡ
ȻԼеôį顣
ĥЩ߰ͷʱһߵĹܼҸ˹һ̲ͣϸ۲С˵ɫ
ޱȵȻһ½Сɫ¶Щ
ĵطССǻʱϴõЦݣһкġ
ȴֻ΢Ц˵ͷĲɵĬس͡
ûйʼ¡
ʲôˣ
˹뵽ĶԻ
Ϊ˵˲ǡĻС
˹˴
ϵļҶ֪ӦӦùʵʱ򣬰Ѿ̧
ĳճˮɫŸ˹ϤҲϲЦ⣺˹Ҳ³緹ɡҪȥߡ
˹ֻǸңһ¾Цˡ
΢΢ǰ㣬ְסؿڣػش𣺡һָʾ¡
˹һһۡȴЧʵؽʳʱһڴ߿ūǣһĵʣ˹ȻС㡣
쳰ϣ£²ҵĶŮҲΪҪʱ顣
ǳ½ξ󣬰ŲֻΪδޡ
֮ǡȻΪܣܹ谮ӣΪ˻ٻͽĹ
ʧƵĵڶ峿õϢ²ͺԥ˺˶ĻԼһ¹谮ķ˻ϵΪ˽Ůͽ͢
˹ʳĶһ٣ʳȥŵǣۣһλ߹С㣬Զ޴ĸ׸߱۹
쳰ϣ֮ڸ˹õôߵۣڰϳʱ͵͵һ˭ûĴ¡Ůİ£װܳ˲ңǰ
ڷǶαļʱҳʱģ

˲μӹ͢⼸ṳ̂һƵĹǧһĶһ˴װƵسǰ
΢õԵøľ°ֱͣϵİ
·մСʱ·࣬ЬҲĴʪ˶òܿƵɪɪҲȻ־ǿ
㰮𣿡
Ҳգʳ֮ǰǼڹ͢ޱ䵭ġδۡжûаʾԳƵϡ֪߳ܡĻ㰮ҵĻҾ͸ߡ
±Ҫļ˽
ȻȱҪġİԼνδ޶ܴİ顣
ͻȻ飬ãȻ⣬ûκεķӦ
ˣ䵭ʾôá
СѾǰδӲĳĬеõ˴𰸡
Լ׵ġˡڹת뿪֮ǰζһ仰
ֻҪŵĻǱҪġʱټɣװİ


48 
ġĻ, ڵİƷζһЩ
ڰʾѾԡξ򲻱, ɴ˵ĹĹܼҸ˹ġ
¹Ǹбֶ߱߱λĶħ, λƲ׵ܵʴ, ҲǼ޵ġ
㽫ȥӵСġɳǣҲܰȫ
ΪΨһһλ, ׾ܳΪ˿õһġ
ҪӲֳͱҪͷȡ
ȻҲ൱ͬλǰδ޵жϣԣ̫ԶҲû塣
λֶ̫, Ҫƽ͢ģҲ¹ͷöġ
кܶʱȥӦԷʽ, ;ҲֻжȨһ·֮Ȱѵµι˵ɡ
ֹ۵롣
ū˿ɹʹսĴ󻷾, ÿ֯һǧϵĶս, ѾǳƵϺ䶯ȫĴսˡ
Ҫܽɳǵū, л̫ʵֻһūװһɲСս
Ȼ쿪ˡ
ЦЦ˹ѾԹͺ, ƵشӴ˹߰ɡ

ͬÿ춼ļдСٿ, ƫԶƶɳ, ƽǹ, ѷ֡
οǱ΢ūˡ
ٰǳṩ̸ʣ㹻һ¡һˣ
û˹½뿪ɵЩˣ˶ڽֵĻ⣬ʼʢ硣
ҪôΧԼǳʻ򻬻ı֣ҪôǹЩζǸо˶ֵĲȣҪôǡЩǴûĺʳġ֪Щʲôˡ
ţ鲻ԽضԴһҸΰèèʹиָĸ蹦̵ˡ
ŻϲķΧУֻ˹˵Цſɬ
٣ơײɫԣ˸ϢĻᳯȥȵһ첲§סļͷѹʣôˣ
˹ײɭһƽ񣬲泹Ʋ֮ǰסûȽϽѵ˵ﻰѹϵ
̹׵˵Ϻܴ鷳ˡ˹˿Цţ˵
ײüһԵظ˹ȥ
㿴
˹˺ܾãײԼһҸֵƬ
ö˵ײؿ֮ʹԴͷˡһ¢ֻ֮Ǹպ˵رܵסԸߵϣʽɫֲ겻ͬ
˹˸չ˵ƬأҶȫ񱻻չɫ
ΰèè񰡡
ײһ͸ˣ㾹Ȼһֱסˣ
˹Ѿض˫ֱͷʮָץͷƤ¶³ı飺ҡûа취ֻ취š
ù֪ӵׯֻ˵ĻԼȫһûģ
ΰèèӢǣͶǴˡ
ʲô£Żᱻһʴȵèèĳͷ
Ըèèģ˹˿ն۾ᣬګګ˵Ҿûбκλ˼ңһֱʵʵذշԸȥġҡ
˹˾̫ĥںȻΨһһαܲ˵˵˳Ҹ֪ΪʲôܿҪȥˣȹ֪Ļһ˶ҪģԼȥˣֻҵļˣҪ㣬İײչǣֻҪ
ԼĪУ˹˿ûע⵽ײͻȻýӲӰ
ԸΰèèԶ𾴵ˡ
ײͻȻϥ£ǰͷʪء
˼˹סˡ
ӲתǱľĲԼĺ󷽡
λŷϹݵĶµĽĿⲢûͣϣҲûп˵
˫峺۾ֻŶδ֪̽ڹоһȻΪ˷յøһЩһ㶼ֱ࣬Ӷ
ұ׼ĹܼҴ˹ֹˡ
˹ĵһ·ȻƵ鷢ʱӦѾСˡ
ɫƽԼչǰ׼õСԲ̺˽˵ϥĵϡ
Ȼİװĸ˹
ЩЦãǳܵĹܼһ䡣
˿ûһƬհ׵˹˺ײȻض
ʵףֱӹڵϻȻһЩȴζĹݡ
̫ùڴ̼ĺùܼңֻˡ
ƣһ˵ֲ꣬Ȼս˹۲Ҷӵľ״̬
뾡ܵ׼ȷжϣǴȾԵļ߳溦Ļɾˡ
ϵֲ겻ҪˣԱߵϵҲпѾܵӰ죬۲졣
ڳ˶̲סס˺ŵضרע
ֲʱעع۲һЩҪġ
ȣԱԱصϵҪСȦ
ڼ϶̣״ҶƬҲȽС緢ĳҶϸŵëҶƬ¾ġ
ҶƬ˥ϿҶȶڻµʱ䣬ǲġ
һƬҶӣнһĹ۲졣
ҶݣήĻɫҶɢҶԵЩҶӣֲЩѾȫҶʻɫˡ
עǣϸŵǼƬСҶ״Ȼҳɫ

ٽԱߵļҲϸϸ󣬰ŶԼжһЩգԵ˿
Ǽ
ֲﶼҪͨϲ䵪׼ҪأԼصԶԶԪصġ
Щֲֵ֢״ȱصµͣٺ뾥̡巢йء
һֶԷϷӦеֻҪʩԷϣġ
ҲζţһӪľأͲý׳ӰԺ龥ˡ
Ūԭ󣬰һ¾ͱˡ
ſָŵҶƬȻڸ˹Ĳ£Ӷվ
ūݸڷֵ磬Ӧþȵû
˹סˡ
΢£ܵǳԼ򵥵䣬ֵԭ򣺡һгֵԭ˺ܹؼһǾʩʡ
ʱȱѷʵĸҲ֪߱ʶ
޽֮ǰɳǻǣ㵽ܡΨֵľ
Ҳָ͵˼ūȥ̫ĳͷͿ𣬵ҲҪ̵ؼסѵǹµûи߹㣬ֲϡھһָľλãҪľһСٽϡ͹Һȥ𣿡
ϲԪص׼أպҺȫ߱²ϣҲ糤⸱ӪĿӡ
޽ʱص˵עʪֿ
ٽҺ1:5ıϡ͹ʺʹˡ
˹ζûȻǡȻһʹ£ûèèǻȥԭ
ϲ֪ǻϲǱˣȫѵع૽͵ԭңΰèèΰˡҡĲ͵ֻΪҵҺ̫࣬Ū˵ذ
εҡҡͷ
ʩʶأеʹࣿ
뵽ͲЩ顣
ΰèè񡱶۵ˡ


49 
Բ, һͨڣƬϵעٵЩӰ졣
˵˹˼ûϸָʾȥֲ, 򲻺ʱ, ڶԳͷη, ѡһֱķʽ
ΪԼţǳδչĿǡūĹƽΪһʱģŹġ
ĴһҪ水նūϿޱȵׯ԰ɷеĻ, ˹˾㲻ҲһƤ
뵽͸еʮַѡ
£Ӳĳڣǳʲôԭκ˶Ӧ², ƭµС
˹ɫҰܣصȴľ
̾˿ȴ߰ɡ
˹˱ߺ, ˹ΰèèĴ澴ηܽв, ǳ, ʵͷ
˹ף, ¡
Ÿ˹ûо˹˵ʲôˡ
ׯ԰̡ͥкͳʹԭڹܼҵְΧڡ
һϣ˶ټߵ׵غͨصĽ紦ʱͣ˽Ų, ŵĸ˹˳Ǳ, ϵöһˡ
Ϊ˶žΪٴγ, ˲һĴ, ǡļԱ⣬Ҫһɨä
֪ʶǶԸʱǿ
ÿ춼˴ĸ⣬ɳﻹҪֵĵط㹻ÿ˶ڽΪæµ״̬
ǾסλڳǱࡢϾ߱ɵƽҲÿʱ1/3ȥЩūûʸġϵȻ
ľ˵ҪǱܼҷŵķľƾ֤ȥȡľģ޽Χס󡢷ֹ͵ܳʳׯڵʣĻҪ޸վĩĳʱĸǿʹáĥ̶ȱȽصũߣƩ۸߰ͷĥĹҪȥȲȡݵСΪǱṩĥõۡ
ͻȻӵ֪ͨʱһӦãȻġ
Ҫ
޷ʲô£ԲҳٵǻĻƣŸϵ˾ۼĵط
ʱۼūǣѾˡ
èè񰡣kĶ鲼ɡԽԽĺǰԼϹŪʱѾȫеܻ߳ˣǺȻ˵ţkҽʥǻ۽̸ϵͽǣʱԸٵľȡĻر
һèè񡱵ţֿϵ顭
˵һɫҲűޱ£˵ıʶֱͦˡ
ǻһ졮ڡΪʹͺΰèèҴ˵һ顣һԼװǰһĶʮöʼ
ЩȻȫЩĸµġ
˵һȫЩòļߣʮ⣬Ǽ˵ȻʴȵèèδĿ飬º͵ģͨ˽ܵõһöĽͨĻҲ⵽ͷ
һûгͷڳһֱǸңɵˡ
λʵɷܿˣ̲סɵؿڣ˵صͷΧԼļӡ
֪ܿԼӷǳ˸ָõֻ־Ϊﲻͨı׼ĳͷ
ΰĲƸ֮ʴȵèè񰡣
ûжԽϹεľ仹ּûûз˿ԼĽƵĴ⡮ҡ
ָŵǿԼʲôֻҪһܼסڿξͲϡ
Ϊ˰˿ڵȨø˹ƽȦ
ūҪôšҪôվţҵŵʯСҲվȥֻ֮Ȧ
ϵλλײūǣİŵȻ顪ܳݾλˣ˵ĻǶ̫ˡ
ȻĻվﶼһ
ֻײúܿ졣
վūСȦλá
պúȦûüֻӲͷƤվǰŵĽܿһӽš
ΰèè񰡡
ܿ͵͵š
⼸ƤСӲǴܺȥˣ
ȦվŵĶʲôˣȫһΪūЩü顢ӹִļһ
ƽʱ⿴ž﷢ս
Ҳˣֻܿñס޵ı飬Ŭڳš
ҪģǼ򵥵İ༼ũʵܻݻعȫȻľϵ
ܶʱСļȴǵƼˮƽλʱۺõ
ʵҲԸŬȡЩ֪ʶˣעƽ񣬶ū
ΪϣֻƽʸӵһССԸء
ǱһЩԼֻе1/10Ҫ׸
ūΪ߱˼ֻҪɻˣöԭҲԼ
ΪôҶЩУⳡϵóء
һȺ̶ȲβѧһѧϰʱûǱ˴˼оѧˡ
ǰ辶Ȧƽ񡢺Ȧūѡˣⳡèè񡱵Ŀ顣
ܿζû뵽ԼȻʱѡˣ
ͬעӡǼĻУܿĬĬظһǰūײߵǰ档
ΰèè񰡡
Խǿڷܿ˾Խǽš
ð֪߳ͬͬŵļơҺеҲûõȥŵһޡ
ĸĵù˶վԼ岽Զλã΢Цͣˡ
ʴȵèèӵԨѧʶȴ⽫k޾ǻ۴͸ϵͽǻ˯ʱѾõkˡ
⻰󣬶ƽ¶˼ū۾һ
ǰȻ¶õͣǻҲأ
ĸ˵΢ƽһЩ󣬰ʾǿŵ̺ӡ
һЩ֮֡Ƚϴֲڵ鲼̺ӣȻ޷ͨ˹ܼҵӵġѾ̭װõ̺ӡ
ʱЩ̺ģһЩʵũ
ɳǵĹȲ֣ٲ֣ǰմʳάġ
ƽūܶũеİȻһ¶ϳȫǾӴҪũסͷë㶹ܲӣϹϺͻƹϡ
΢Ц׳˵һ⣺ҪǸһصĻǻѡͬʱЩֲ˾չʾȻǵĴ𰸲ͬÿѡ2һóȷ𰸵ˣõһöĽ
ϵؼ򵥵˶סˡ
Ǹոջµͷðĸˣһ󣬱ƹˤĽܿˣ͵һ֡
˼ײʱЩϧ
ܿˡ
ײĸ˴𰸲һϵֲظ£ôǵһѡ˱Ƚơ
ӵĵȻö
ϣģԼ˳ӽ¶õǱʸٲȻūݵɭū̶ѳ
ΪĶΪūȴһӾȥΪԼǼˣ׷
ҪܵõֻһĻҲˡ
˿֪Լçȴռ˴ƵĽܿˣԿӢηļƣװԴɳǺ׾ѾΪˡ
ڿһģһ߽㶹
˵עУһᣬع˵𾴵ˣ⡭ѡˡ
΢һü
û뵽еɵĴӣе㼱ǡ
ֱӳ֮ǰڵˡ


50 
ȻЩͶȡɵ, ֤ūڹ۲죬㹻󵨡
ΪԵһشѧĹǾŸ
ƳԼ, , ޱ˵ľóһż
ӣܿ˵۾ֱ֪Ķˣ
뿴ǰûлôӽˣԵζʳջ
ܿʧ̬˿ĭ, ѡֱضǿżʱʮʱū, ̲סĵЦ
ΰèè񰡣ҵɷǸ޿ɾҩı̫
ֻһں濪ţһ߸еЦá
񲻻ͽٵĳŵ
Լöŵ˽ܿ˵СưݽȻĵɵЦ¡
¶յˣǵһѡܿͽķ, ԸٸһλشĻᡣԸг𣿡
ʵƽľԶײҪơ
ǿȥѧУűЩūҪöö֪ʶ񰡣
ǸͺܱĴͷֻڵֵģѡģȴƫƫȫˡ
˹Ȼȼ־󣬰Ѷȣǿѡһδ𰸣صĻѡѾڵֹϡ
Ͷž˳ҵˡ
õԿʼ, Ѿʧһλײ, ַɿ졣
겻ġ, ҲգسǰеϹϺʹ, ߬
𾴵ĵ£ϥ, 뿴ҵѡ񡣡
šһ, ȴûмŽ, ǴղűֳĹ˸˵ɡ
˸˵⻰֪ġ˳еײū̲סһ
񰡣ôˣ
ҪѡҪشΪʲô
ŻڿĵɷҲеһ£̫ˣպͨʥèèµĿ򵥵ǵ
ײ޹ģȴ˿ΪѶȵȻеں¡
˾ϲڴ
ԼܲµóλڲͬĹ˵ʵͼȴزΨһһλūĴˡ
һҪסᡣ
ԡ˴ЩУ̧ۣ˵𾴵˰ԸèèЩֻҵĺҵĵȷȷġǸղŽܿѡĶ׸ϹٵľҲסһߵҶϹϵҶӳøܸá
۾΢΢һ¶һĨʵЦ⡣
˹ؿţ뵽Щ֤Ѿͨΰèèµؿˡ
ײȻԵõö
˵֮⣬ؿԼȷȥżݸײеū˷ˡ
ԭΪǰǼ˽ź£עҪ¡
ȴû뵽ЩܶǱֵֺƽοգƽʱĽܿ˺ײõʹͣ
֪ûԸܿʱǾͬԼȥˣ
ᵽ⣬ԭ򡣡һȦ򵥵ؽţϹϵĲܱˮֶ٣źܴϵġϹ밫ӻʱԱʪȣռݿɹҰĿռ䡣
㽲ټ򵥣Ҳܴ˵ķӦĻˮƽϵĲӰ죺ūǴ໹ƶǶһȻı顣ƽȴѾ¶˼ģˡ
èèǹġ
ͦĻ̶ȽϸߵƽģҲܵ뽫ˮƽ㣬ǿ߳ܵƽݸkԸǶһλᣬͿܲץסˡ
һλԵ˿
رҪĶΪѧʶԶū񣬾Ȼô˵ūʵ̫ˣ
һֿݣǽ飬ֻҪһͨ
˶֪Ϊʲôֵ䱿ſһﶪƽһºūҲκ⡣
ƽūȻܵõһĴ
̺ʣʾ⣺ǲشĻᣬѡһµϣ˵ɡ߾͸ղųֹϣһ֮ʺԭ򡣡
ˣ𾴵Ĵˡ
˶һۣܿ;˭ѡ񡪡ǽݵĸ߸ӡ
ǵ͵÷ϵݵؼˮĥûҫ
ӻû죬ŵͻȻһǧɡ
ͱǣһغȻӹһ٣ҲܼĥˣǱƽʱɵ˸˳ȥ
ֻܿЩӻڱ䵽СԸǿάסݡ
ΪûٰӵæڵԼѡĴ𰸣Ǵкǿĵġ
ԸΰèèӢĵ£ϹϾؽչʾ̬ǫȴΪѡԴ𰸵ĵ⣺ҵѡ񡣡
ɨеĸƤ΢΢һ
Ϊ˲һϿεѧǵ֪ôȷϡ
ܾ׼ѡҪܿһԣҲһ־ѵˡ
ЩεؿԼ˺üλᡢȴǲõĵùƽ˵˵ɰɡ
ػشţ𾴵ĵ£ﶼǳߣϲڵأū󣬶ۻĵһʱܽɺãҲһġװĸôֹҵСԺУǽһҲܹúܺá
𣿡
ǰūĻǿסûüͷ
ʱǳû˶˵̡
ȶԷ˵꣬䵭سˣѣȷԼۼһʱܡúܺá
˸࣬տƵҶ˺ʮֻƵĸŪˣǲֵܳġ
ȻΪԶ߲˺ӲѺãΪ࡯Ⲣڸ߱ǿá
ȫʺϻԵİϡ
ܵڵʵӰ죬ܵ൱صƣ̸ϡúܺá
ǣ¡
Ȼе²ζԸԼĻпʵĳɷ֣ʶӲͷƤͼȥȻֹôˣûءҸǵèèģһжʵġ
УѾζ˵ᷳˡ
⾿Ϊʲô
ʡ
̶һ²ʱǳﰲݣǸ˹˵ūƺ۾ϹģģǿƭĶ
ǸԴǰ
²ҡ
ΪЩѪϲŭ޳ǻʵʵӣֻǳڶϿֶε޺η塣
ʹͻȻİõѪͳȨҲб£ҲԵȻʱҲʼŬԼĵߡ
ȴЩ۵ˣһһȥ
ȷҼԼ˵𣿡
ǱʱĻһųèè޸ף΢ƽ
⣬ҲԷһᡣ
ګګصͷǿЦţ£˵һжģ
һʱʧȥĵİתһԵĸ˹˹Ҫȥһ˵ļֵμٰμԶֵġҲߵĻȥھӼһ¡
ҲΪſһֱĬĹܼң֪ʲôʱʼѾִϡһʱ׼ӱ޵״̬
ɣֻҪԼٱ¶һƽķС
λѾʮͷսȴߵŵʿϲϵĹĹܼҪðԽķջӱˡ
˹µƿ֣ϹϾعˣ¡
ûٿ˲ûֲ̿ǸˣƽʱܳϵЦݣҲȫȫʧˡ
˫Ư۾ﲻκϲŭ޲ţϣ˶һ㡣ƭŪҵˣؽۡ


51 
ƽʱƢܺõò˼, ܴ΢Ц¶ĮʱӲͷƤƽ, ڸе̵Ŀ־塣
˵ĵ, Ըׯʵһֱ̫ãΪ˻ʹھء
ΰèè񰡣ղô, 뵽ȥŪõǻ۵أ
ﱸܼ尾ԭװ򶨵, ҲܿƵֳ˼ֲֻ̿ı顣
ʹǿţǵҡ
⵱ȻԹߵС
ǸˣǸƭӣ
ѽǸ̫Ҫˣ
Ȼƭˣ͸÷ū
ղŶ˵ʲô軰ȻҰ˵ûԻ⵽һеèèͷģ
ʵ˸Ҫרø˹ȥʲô֤ݡƭ˵, ˣ
ҪǰͰֽţֱӵˣ
ʵ̫ʴˣŻһнҡ
ΧȺ۵ҲԽԽ
ǵĻ󣬲ü
һݷάı󡭡ʵʱеĲ̡ͶԸ߽׼äĿݡ
ڱĵطҲˣϾЩνɷͺܻ, ˻Ҳͬ, ȫλߵ顣
Ѿ¶ҪúþӪɳ, ɲ÷һʼˡ
뵽, ǵЦȫȥ, ˵ûг֤ݵ, κ˶Ӧֱһ
Ŀһ㶼, ɫҲǵģȴ˾ηǡ
ūǶ죬ȻǵĻãġ
ûһֱһ仰
ĵصȴŸ˹һ˵ĹɫԽԽ׵ǸƽѾʼ˫ȴսˡ
ģ졢ˡܿͳܲסǿѹͨһҹһӵηηسϵҺˣĴңƭԸһгͷһģοˡ޴˵ɣ
һģ
ʧЦ
㿴νģֻʧȥ۾úŪѡ
̵ָƺˣΰèèĿ飬ǽҵġèè֪ߣԸǻۡߡȴ衢ƭ֮ͽ
˵ɫ˲ȥеѪɫ
ôˡǰèè˵Ŀ鰡
Χ۵˶һ˲еǰδеĿ־塣
ۼʶô񼣺ټɳû˻ɡèè񡱵ΰ
Ĳп̷ĥҲֻѣ֪ġ
ôǿġèèµ񷣡ȴδйԴδ֪Ŀ־塣
ʵڲԸټɶԼѵķˡ
ڳĬһСɫƽسţ˹ȡ֤֤ȷʵ˻ѣǿǳķϣԸˡļˣֻ㴦Զʮ±̡ҳΪūĳʹѡɣͱ̷ԸܣҲѡԶ뿪ɳǵأҲɳκһʿ׷
ʮ±̣㹻һڴɴˡ
ϱΪūūѾǰù̫ڣҲȻǶƽļصĳͷ
Ȼ˶Ϊ˻̫ˡ
水ׯ԰ɷжĻϿԻֱӰѵðԼϽ̼ܵġ
Ƚº͵Ĺ壬ҲıɼһҪһֻ֡ڵһֻ۾ȻһȫϳأȥҰ
ΰèè񣬡˵ֻҪĴĵkǲͽŭġ
èèȻʵڵ󣬵˶Թоηĥ¹ĵġ
ϸһȫ֪ȫܵġèè񡱣˼ԼǷĴ⡱㣬㹻Ļ̥˸е̿֡
˵ȷǡڲȷʵ״£Ϊض˵ЩĻı̹Ȼġ
෴ǡһ⣬ǶҪ֮һʱ﷢һвõ顢ڡèè񡱵ĽˣĴηضȹÿһˡ
Ļ˲γѣ
Ѿ̫ˡ
˹Ǽֲ꣬Ҳ೹չʾǰ
˵ǡ׳ˣӽŸγһȣֱСÿ
Աȫ𴩣ڵϣسš
ɽ֤˶ߣһƬ
Ȼǻԣ
ɺ޵ƭӣȻƭˣ
ΰèèһήģ
ȥȥ
ɣ
ʵ̫ʴˣӦðߵ
졣
˹ģޱȼ࣬ȴҲ
ջߵȺ˲׹һ侲ګګؿǰ
ڵǰκ˶ʧǣο
ܼ΢ۣһսɱһʱޱֱƽ̲ס˸¡
˵߰ɡ
˱ʹţ³ˡ
һܣ֮Ժǳʲôͼ˽ΥҵˡܵС
ûж˶ֻѡԵضΪӰ졢ֵˡ
Լĵһ αⳡٵ˾Ϻ󣬾ʰ飬ĿͶ޴һƽ񣺡ѡǣ
𾴵˰ԸèèʥԶҫ
Ԥϵǣλò㣬ɫǺپɹƫףҲݵƽ񣬺ܿ
ǫһԲĳȣػشţײһԲĴ
𰸺󣬴˼ڸոǸȥƽϵˣ̲סѲĿϡ
ײˣ
֪ũūҲײʱֵʮְԵܱ߱˵ֲˣӲݶ
Ȼ˵ҲƵһӲݡζԣҲ޵ɵҰ洦ɼūϲҲһЩȽƶƽĲϡ
΢΢ףŵڴؼѯʣ˵ɰɡ
ҵǻʵޣֻ뵽м㣬õ˵ϿɺûеΣǽ˵ţײʱҶƬ࣬Ҳ񡣵죬ҶƬɿɢʱռúܶϲĿλڵģڵסҶңֺײ˵ĶƺŽֻҪһ𣬾ͺٿײ˻ˡ
ʱʱҪͣ٣һôʡ
ݣȴðԺת
ڱʱľԣԷֻ˹ɣԱԵһ֪⡭
֪ʶǿĹ۲ѾһȺӱˡ
΢ЦڴĻǣ
ﶼһ
찡¶һ˶
棬еɵƽǲͬ
һ뵽˱ǱԼײߵūǼܿƽˡ
㶺޷ϵƽˡ
԰׵򼤶΢죬ٴһ񣺡𾴵˰˷¶ʱһ


52 
ϾǵһθϿ, Ȼὲ̫
Щ޷ЩѧǡĴн͵ԭáˡѡèèӻèèȺĻ赭дش
ʱ, ȫǾ飺ԼۿģǸµ, ȫǾ̸֮
ʼţ֪ʶ桪ֻҪڵȼֺ, ˳ϵӲһʱ, ĻͲʧˡ
ڴ½ɳļֲİϵ󣬰¿ΡˣˣèèڰºµڶοҪϢ
֮ǰãȻͬ, ūƽ, ʱﶼԾԾԵġ
ūԶǴ֮ǰƽײײˣܿĺһȻҲܵõĻʰèèǰ, Ҳлİ
ƽǵ뷨, ҪһЩ
λ˶ūǵ̬ȡɳĽṹԴ, ԼʳӦƩȡǿȥĥĥۡȡ1/14˰ķɡһǵճͻٵܵӰ졣
ūܵ˵ĺǿ, ܲζ
ūôܸƽһأ
ڣڽ˶ԼŴˡ
ǹĵ, Ȼɰɭճһµλá
ĥ˽ĹѾˡӵӥ񡢺ԥػӳʹȥıӵĸ˹ǰ, û˸ڱˣʲôС
Ǽأ
ǽڳǱİ, ֶЩС, ˲ɣ춼ܼ
ôõְλܲȫǼūɣ
УͻȻҪЩ֪ʶΰèèָʾ⣬һԭ
ʵϣĴѾµˡ
ɢ󣬾ø˹ײͷ¶е˸ǰ
ܳй΢Ц˵ǻѾµˡͨͽΰèè񵥶µĿ顣
νġ顱˷ֹʮｻһڽɳǵּƻ
Ȼֻͷ
ĻͲýп飬ǲ۲۵ĵˡ
ֱԼ֪ı׼𰸡ǰ׼Ĺϵϸ嵥Ŀʱ飬ɽĸַǳҪǲȷ𰸵ʱ򣬿ͨ˹ɸ˹ҡ
ͬʱڵĻ⣬Ǳ뿼ڵĲͬҪظѡʩʵĴԼǰֲ
ݸһЦʮͲҪκˣȥ˵һֱڳǱɡ
Ȼʲôħ
⼸ע˵ĹȵġʵڳĻֹڵȻǿʵһ
˱ŵϥµĶʱ÷ɿ졣
ĵõչĻˣ
¶صͷ񣬳ش𣺡𾴵˰˾һṼԸ
ܰΪʲôһݸּƻҪǣҳϣǵ΢Цţס
ԼĻȥ󣬰ʣµʱ䲻಻٣ԴŸ˹ȥֵˡ
Դֵܵغ̲סû£ÿ춼ȥ¡
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Ϊ׼ǳʱһľϺʯ⣬ܹ25ֳϷΪäӡġҰӡء
ٳʱûסһ·СķظһΡ
Ϊ˷ֹٴԼøжȹߵСǵķˣñȽԶ
ߴľֲųҶڱߣȻ׵ز׽˼϶ܶЩɫСӰ
ɰ
벻ףֻǿһȺë׵СֶնɲС򣬱˴˵Ƥ֣ȥҶӡٵץĻ桭ȴ֮񫡣
˵۾װ˺ԾĴȰ
ڶЩë׵Сһ￴˺ܾáżѵؿסԼȥһ˳ּȥˡ
֪ǣȻ׵رȦסˣϾǺ޷϶ԵġرǶرСɡֶĳԣֱ
ȻվԶվʱȴ̫ˣֻ󵨵Сӷ¸ҵ϶СצŸȥ
ĵӶȽСİĻУֻΧڼʳ踽
ǳںĵĴ̽ҲҪʱӦ󣬲Ÿɢġ
¶ʱæɨᡢʳϣɾˮ
Ƕʱ򡪡ƬȦ׵˵󲻴˵СҲС⿿ûз֣ôֻС͵͵ܳȥˡ
һ߳нһ߹۲;ľ
µ࣬ľȫˡµĵսڣ˴
Ƶǰ
һģұǹܼҸ˹ʿŵǡ
ܺãҲʱʱͷ븣˹̸䡣
ֱͻȻ˺΢ġߴߴĽԶԼԼش
գգۡ
ԼֻһûȻ
ȻΪֻǴʱΪͣ٣ԭ΢ĽҲԽԽ
˹𣿡
΢΢ü̲סѯԼĹܼҡ
ȸ˹شʹӷɳɳĲݴͻȻðСӰϣõĴ𰸡ֻСƼ֪ʲôʱ͸˺棬ʱżطţĿȷֱ
Բڷٹ䱻紹ѹӢһñë΢紵ɣǼٵĺ΢΢
סˡ
룬Ǹ˹λܼңҲᱻֳȻɡ
ڸ˹ܼݵעУǶūСĵʹѾ鲻Խط
ӭֻ̽վСʿˡ
ԲŸµĳ˵ʵЩΣա
ڰֻСһ󣬿Դð˺ɫСĺ󣬾ʹͽͻȥ
Ȼһеġ衱ֿſڰġ̱һ鼦ĳͽеرң
һСֻ޹Ķ۵ļӣͱҳϿɿĸ˹ܼҿˡ
Сӵ˹Ƿǳصġ
ʹⲻֻöҾ͹һĳҲϸĵز沼ϵϸߣǽϡ
˷ܵصܡȻˮ
˹ʵˣºֻСƼһղĲҽУֻԹԵضڰߡ
СԴһһأżǺĲݡ
żƫһƫؿ㡣
ǵС󣬺̲סһ˲
ֻë׵СһţĻסʱʱصͷ鿴

㼼õֵͶû߹ɳѾΪģһ㡣
ӵ󣬰ڼ˾
պĴԣһϤС־
ζñߵġ
һ˶Ĵڷͽ͵ûɵرק˰
͹ˮƬӳ©̫ߡҫ۾һ˲ۼֿؽһ𱻵ĶսƷսϷ
ȵȣղʲô
ʶؽ㶪¨УȴѾͶϷС
һͨˮɫϻǶһ˶ޱȡɫʯ
ʽ֪ǰѡ֮Ϸϵͳȴܿ˶Ʒļèèı
̡èèָħĵðЦõֱȴ㹻ÿҶȻĶĳǿԼӳɡ
èèı΢Ķһ޶Ļӣ 50ӣӣƶٶӣ


53 
˵ϡèèָľ, Ѿױͬϵеıˡ
еЩЦú㲻ٹעȻŷʵмյһıˡ
ǽĿͶֻ֪ʲôʱ۾С
ŷޣαСƼ
һ㶼ǵĲغëɫ, Ϊʵŷʰ
ԭֻ㡰ϼȴʵص, һɺӱ߶һİ
ĿˣϦ̤˻سǱ·
ֻӺĸ˺ˣΨһǰѱ, һ籦سֵƵʶĸߡ
ܾ׻õľĺʯϣҲ32šҰӡ
Ƶض顣
չ, ɢеĵ
һڸһֻ˯ŷʼУ¢ϣ⾪ſµǡ
ūϲľͿ־塢ɿֵģ, ·ҲȾ, ΢΢
Һã˸֮ǰͽйĴˡ
򱻱ɹġϵķҺǿҳζ, 㹻ֱꡭֱ޷֮ء
˵, Ȼһ顣
˹, ߹ŵĹˣ治ɫ˵Ǹùܼһʹȥʣʺ𣿡
˹źۼչǱƽı飺, ѾյµҪˡ
ص˵ͷ͹󣬰ѳľ, µĶҪ
˹
ֻŷСƼһõ˶󡢲붼еߴܽסһ, Ƿŵõ˯
͡ؼ, ˶šڼ޽һСΪ
˵¶, Ҫչ˺ǡ
¶ޱ֣صص˵ͷǣ£
ֻ뿪֮ǰѾرһİվ˹Сǽ˯֮ǰϴڳϤЦݵȻ֣ٵذվ۴ĳ˸顣
¶м˶ԼӣͬʱޱȽضֻСǰϸϸؽǵסˡ
Ϊ˷ֹǵƤպŪ죬һһԲСǣǵֵֿ
ǿ
̾š
۾͵͵زŶֻë׵ļӵľη
ʱǳϵĺＱ̬ҲԵô⡣
Ȼ֪巢ʲô
ֻ͵ȥ׷˵ĿɶӷѾ˵ҡһ䣬ܵõʹ۵ġ塱Сˣ
Ҫ˵ϰΡõ˭ܼҸ˹һǵ֮ĵһ
ճԹͣ˹ͽҪļλˡ
ûϵǣɳУȻֻ3ľ2
˵ǸӦö5ϵѧͽĿǵ͵ԶԶ
ɳ̫
Ʋ¹벻˵ū˵סƽҲһǧ˰
⿿λĽˣôô˵
̫ˡ΢΢ü˹˹Ҫ㽫ϴ޽ʱǰʮ˶
ɲ̵ڶΡ
˵󣬰¶15ˣ¶˵΢ЦҪǵģΰèèǻۡѧ֮˭˽ֻҪʣͱޱشڸǡ
˶סˣ۾ʼŹ⡣
ǵèèǻۣ
ȻǼ龡۵ףݸһк󣬿èèҲϵǼλͽ½
⿿Ȼǲܷ
Խʶ׫һλһʵ̫ˡΪʹֱȥһнԭƶȡ˻ԵҪķѵʱ䣬򵥴ֱá͡ԼһĿġ
ѡĴˣֻеԵҡȻΪϰİҲЩ˳Կġ
ҪЩģǹһǧסλڳǱĳƽʹõĶѷ䡣
סɢطֲ䣬ݳ޵ÿӵһжѷʵũūͬ
סҪܼöĳľڴйʱֻҪô֮ǰñͰ㵹ѷʿӵҪôԶһЩȥʹýڿԭʺӵһŹޡ
ճǳĴãûп㵹ȥʺӡ󣬾ͳ˲˷һЩ⡣
ĿǰձϼķݶǵԸһ㹻СӣȻ
ǵԸرС᲻ռ̫ĵطЩǵܸṩ֣ܶǻӰֲġ
ڲ󣬾;һÿÿӵеļ򵥶ѷˡ
ȷе˵Ƕѷʺ䡣
νѷʣϾ΢Ծĳ̶ȣðйӲҶƬʳڵлٽзͺͷֽ⡣
΢ĶѷϺ󣬲е΢ҲӡøӪʱñȽ͸ԡˮˮԡ
֮ԳûֶܷѷӴǱڼֵҪΪǡ
ֻǽûһԵضػֺ·˻ɢĵĳζܴó⣬ζŴ޷㷢ҪĻ޷зͣˮ̫ˡ
áܹ˳ΪʹõĶѷʣЧҲǳ¡Ҫ1-2ʱ䡣
Ȼ֪ѷʵĹؼڣˮ֡ɷֺͶڽ衣
֮Լ򾣬ΪķũҵǱƽĴڣṩʹõ֡
ǱδļȺõȻ֮һ
ÿһҪľ𡣡ʾǿԼ׼õĲϣʼĻֻõһ
ѷǷǳ򵥵ģҲѵõ
ڿ׺ϼ㱻˺Ƭġ˵ֽţֹߣٶѽһָĸҶΪϢأŷŽڵ硣
ÿͶĳΪʳϣҪȫĸһˮ֡
һʺ΢ʪĻ⻹ܽʡҪɹľ
ȵһ㷢󣬾ϵڶӡ
ڲϼֹֽܵõײֳͨȻ
ֻҪʳʳԾس
ȵڶ֮󣬾ͿԳӵˣͬʱһĶѷҲɣֻҪϷֱ治ԭĳɷ֣ʲɫ״ɵźš
õĶѷϰÿƽ1-2ķݶУʩʵĻķˡȵһСɣṩĵС˽ÿÿݣҲͳΪԸеѷ
ȻҲǵˣһʱ䲻
ǽľһպͲԱȽ鷳Ҫõ򾣬ֻÿҪһηľƶѷʷ䡣
ֻҪַдĻļ＾ֻҪµʱ䣬ΰèè±ɷֵ
˵ֶѷ󣬼ʱѾˣǸԻؼҡ
ľλʴȿṩһҪ3000ֻҴ׶Ķѷľ䡣
һ3λľѧͽʣµһ빤10˼һе
Ϊ˹ǽڼĻԣճṩʳ͹ǮĲѹǣҪֻ̻ܽҪճƷϸĻҲǵĹݶڡ
Ǽˣܵõèè͡
뿪Ǳʱ˵ӻµġ
̶̵ʱ䣬Щһʺӵɷֵأ
Ѿ״͵λĽʹɢǻ۵ʥԣҲΰèèĴȱ


54 
˯ǰ, ̲סԼʱ򻹴еضɹһ죬ЩЦ
û
Ӳ, ԭǸµһڹĹΡ
򲻽ûס˼˿ܺĹ⾫㣬ֽ˹ѷķ
װèè񰡡
ѵõظܵ롣
һ˷ϰ, ȲذвèϷ·ųˡ
һĽèè˴ͷ, 泯µӵλá
⻬Դ˸СǷ, ۡ
ŨؾɤȴȻκ˵Ķ
䣬Ľǰ˳
ְҵܵľֵһŲ䣬򡿵ĵȼҲͣ2
һĴ, 򡿵ľϴۿɼһأ45%λá
ΪԼĵ㼼, ԡṩЩ״̬͹, ԵȤȱȱ
ֻɨһۣͽˡ
ȻΪԼҪʧȥʶֱڶϷϵͳõġ6㡱Ȼתʱ
һǰӹȥ
ûǵʶʲô, Ͷݵʧȥʶ
֪˶, ʱ, һεĽɫ
ס
գգ, е졣
¶/ܴ߳/ΡȻӵ
ϴһһжԵúܹŹ֡
Ϸõ, йٷϢ, ȴһ͸ʵ
ƶ, ܶǰããһƬ
ûˣҲû֡񡱵
ͼԼû
Ȼɫ⣬ûеڶѡˡ
һС裬ž߽ŸвèèĵطֱԼЩɸ˵롣
سǰţѥ̤ڽƵĵשϣȴûڻֺ﷢
Ȼš
Щ㣳ʶС֣ѰֻԼξ
֪˶ãٴ
ͬչǰĽ𽥴èλ˵Ḷ́ӵϤװУֱӿһߴ޳ιӰ
Ȼ
Щ߳ܵﰧ̾
èè񻯳ɵˡèèβ
ԷΪ˸˸ڵţʵǿࡣ
Խչ̬͸ĵţܸκοһĻһˡӡ
Ҳԡ
ܿԼ뷨
;·˲ٳǳأҲٱе񣬶ʱ˽һЩ
˼õﱻΪľòȷӦϾġ
עĿĳòڽ̹չʾǿַơĮ¸ߵɺϲŭ޳Ƣͽǻ̿Ĥݵԭ
λġ񡱣Щ߸ϵıȫͬ
Ȼkòk̬ȴС
޳ȣܷɵӦڰĴϡ

㶡
߽һЩŷֶԷûڴϣڡľƵĴͷ
Ҳڷèèλá
Щ̾ԼȻϸʱèιӰڿˡ



ߡ

ûпܣ˳ӦԼèٻڴ
ˡضš
Էľ峤࣬׽̬ϸڣȴޱظоԷԼ

ǲ˼飬롣
ԭ϶ԼǸСè񶼲Źɫȴû뵽ڲٻڡ
ûлԷľòԼصԸȻֻè괿ذ
̫û˵ĻˣǱʶڿ˹ͨŻһɰ޺߶
ԼⳡĪξ̬
ʱèٴγˡ



סˡ
ʲô
գۣã롰èè񡱶š
ãӵ˼Ƚϸӵĳ󣬲ҲЩż
kޣھһĻ󣬲˳ؽİͽͨξٴδĿǰ뿪Լǰ
Ҫ˵˳ģĻ̫ˡ
һ뵽Լ˯ŬʱڶԷߵʶ׽Ļ棬k̲סִֵؼš


ҡ

İ
ԼȻǸĳ
Ϊξ˵ŬɻƺͰ׵󣬳šԼڲд桱ķȥ
ΪεǱʶ£һֻĹèɡ
ˡ
΢΢ЦţֹˮԷ֡
ţèèֻһŹӰҲģֻҪһ¾ͺá
ȴû뵽֣ԷҲһֻ˰СèһԹԵصͷ
ȻһҲ΢΢һ
ȵȡ
èèôţ
ӵҲʵڸɲʳָԷ°͵¡
΢Ƶķ򣬾ͳ˫΢Сèȥˡ
û뵽ǣָ츧űģ˱Ӱĵë׵ĶʱԷǡֳķ˲䡣
һֻ̣䡣
Щգգۡ
ȻӰţŵС䣬ָҲܺá
ëޣůڵģеԡ
΢΢
Сˣԭֻ̽Ե
ԷȻǰſһչʾĳԵĹƣ뿪
Ҳûסض˼¡
ȥһ
ȥλһ
è񣬻˷Ӧ
ܳ˫ʱ۳Ķ⡢kʣµ岿ȻǲʵĽ⡭
еĶõĵkȻȻ˳Ӧ˱ܣȥ
kһֻèһ˵ϣһһģŵkʱĺ顣
ȡkſȥ߸Ƶذڶŵģ΢ĳβ͡
찡
/¡

ҪдèβͲûסˡ
Ȼξܿ̽Ŀɺ޶
ڰѵԼıԸżҶʱеèèȻƺڶ̵˵š


ҡ



èҲô׳Դ
kĻ󣬲Ц˵ɲãСҲܿɰʵô죿
û뵽һͽҪ󣬾ͱԥؾܾĳ󣬶ʱסˡ
kһһ˫ھɥĵkĳĬ
kô죿
˫දֱ̽ǵè俴ֻԼèèʵ̫ɰˡ
Ҫϻܼεͺˡ
Ȼô룬ٴεʵڲ̫
ԼԼоԼˣ֪ʵΪʲôСأ
kЩˡ
صǿһʵ

Ϊ
ǡҵġ
ͽ
ҵġ

ĵص𰸣ҪЦٶֻһèèʱԷһʮ֣

㡭
ǡ
ҲҪҡ
ÿ졭Ҫ


Ȼ˵üѣҲ϶ġ
kؽԼԸݳȥˡ
һԸkۿͽЦţ˵˵kĺлƽ⡣װģΨһèè񡣡
š
k룬kѾˡ
ʱǡ
ʱúܿ죬kʱҲʶԼܶõĿѾľˡ
ڽİͽͻ˽ʱkȻʲô
ڸèè񡱷ֱһ̣ޱ˶Է淢ѡ
Сˡ
ڿ


55 
˵ڶ, ˹ܼزС˱컹ҪóĬʳҲˡ
ӵƯ𷢵ֻһ׵, ûԱֻ¿С
ùǺ˫ϣʮָɿţֻ΢Ĵָסõɫ´, 
ĳü΢΢, ᴹĽɫε淺
ȷЩǡ
ȻΪèè, ȴĵбС޵̬ȡ
Ҫ˵вΣյĻֹҲ㣬˻Ļλֳľӣʱֻ뵽Űǿˡ
ӵԤ֪δ, ξΣյԤȫԱǱʶжɳرĵġ
񰡡
ԽԽͷۡ
ۿżĵΣŸս, ¸ȵĸּƻûճ̡ô͵òɳǾˣ
Ҫèèͺ, Ҳһ֪һ¡
˹
ĹܼҵעУ̾˿, ѯţǴ, ɳӵս, һжˣ
С˵ʻ, ˹ɵһ
ʵڲΪʹСˣѪҪս, ٳǡ
⡭
׷ʲôˣ
˹Ȼɻ, ˼һ, Ǹһյ֣£ĻӦ521ˡ
ס
⵹Ǹ֮ڵ֡
ũū֮ԲǼ˿ͳƵУһΪǱвƲһ֣˰ͷ˱㲻ǵΪߣ޷κΪˡȨǸǿܳƵǺôķ桪ҲбսΡ
һǳؼ䱬սǹ廹ƽԣҪӦͳߵ٣ս
Щ˼飬ūĵȷȷ⣺˵ףǵĹȨؾġ
ǿ뻧ʱֱֺȨзģֻܱΪӵ˵Ĵڡ
ūٶ࣬Ҳֻ䷿ļҾ߰ˡ
ɥĲҪƻһеǿԭȵͳߺ󣬾ͻռвƲţҲµū
ūǶԣǵǷùŵ˾˭Ҳû̫Ĺϵ
һˡ
ˣһԭȵܣǱ㽫ع˳£ظһģһ
ƽ˿ֻ1000˳ͷɳǣ֮ӵгս˿ڣ̶ܴϻá鹦ļġ
ĵڶע⵽ˣ⼫ȶӵ°ģ˼˵ڽΪ׵ļҾеˡŮԺͯӹһ⣬ֻд׳ԡ
ǵսأ룬ɴʿŵǵսΪλҪٸǼһ𣬲ܳΪŵǵĶ֣
˹˼˵£Щ˿ǲҵġ
һ̬ҲûйѧϰͽĻƽ񡭡ҶսôྫӱʸϹɵʹߵʿŵǡ
ŵǹɱйеɱ㹻ѵСƽˡ
룬ɲ°
һӵиҳһǳصĵķ˵Բһ֮ͽһ׼ġ
ü˳˼
ɳڽʮˮ֡֡СߣȴΨûй˻
ҲһĿȻģɳʵ̫ˡ
˰˿ֻٵÿ1000ͷÿ궼ҪһūƧطЩòעһС⣬Ըǰȥ
һȺϼ켸ҹ·ջ񣬴ֻӦƥϵġ
ΪʲôеõԤ
˼ڤš
ȵȡ
۾һˡ
ԣ
ɳ֮ԻٴδҪĵķ˻Σԭ򣬿ǳϵġ
ǰʱ˵ɳǲμļĴˣݳЩԶȹȥ궼Ҫöࡣ
ǻ᲻ظϵɣľλĹ
˶֪ձĵ
뿪ʱٲִ٣ڹУҲһԶѰҪöʲ
ǮġǾ㹻ײǿӴƸˡ
뵽֮ǰЩ󣬰Ȼ֮࣬Ҳе˽š
˹ɫص˵˱ȥѷʮ⣬ҪŵǶǽѵڶʱӵһ𣿡
֮ǰҲҪܰϵūҲһֵĻһɲС
Ҳֻѡ
Ҳ˵ūڳڱŰѾĥȥѪԣıսҲȫƲж־ԡ
˵ǳӪ۵ĻƣԶƽҪṩսʮˡ
Ҫǡƾʲô
ֻǳһִܹ˸еģԹ󶼲ūǵЩ΢Сơ
ƾʲôݣԭΪԼ
һŵūӵгļֵԶȷѾɱҪá
ܹƽΣҲսʤǸܻġ
Ͽû޳ܵǸز
ƽͬ
ǸĴۣǱ˰Ϊ˶ṩһЩ
ҲǵĽײ㣬ڵطܵõıӻȥطҲȻܵı
ֻƫԶɳƽ񣬵λҲԶԶĳЩԭʧȥ˳ӻЩ
շɹ涨ڴ֮ǰҲȾͬ⡣
ƽԶսǰĵط
С˻֮˹΢΢һ㶣ܿϾ
תѸ뵽һֿԡ
ԭͦñֱǰ㣬ѯţ£ǡΰèè񣬽µ𣿡
ԭ˳Ļ˵ȥܼ˫ʵɫ۾ʱȻ⡣
ҵĻһشǡ˹
΢΢Цš
˱ӳǱͫеӰͬʹʥ
˹ĿתضСˣԷǳЦ˵ȥ㣬˹
ĹĹܼҶУûбĻϡˡ
ȻһЦָ˵ţҪ֪飬ֻԼԸ˹𣿲ֹһΡ
˹ôأ
˵ǰʵѾдˡ
ڼȫںϺͽԼǰʵ
ġİȡ˱ݵıɵ
ҲǸ˹һֱЧҵˡ
ֻкèèԶλһֱޱҳϵĹܼһЩ
˹ҫ۶ĿСˣصϥȥ
һСƬɫ۽ǣصϸ΢ʪ⣬Щ̸С
ǣϵعڴȱǰ
һԸ˵˹Զˡ
ҲֻˣκĹ
ԸǷת䣬ôԵֻ꣬İİˡ


56 
ڸܼҸ˹̸, ٽһλĸʿŵٻԡĵׯ԰Ϊ裬ӦԵսԡ
ŵǵĵһӦ, Ǳһ
ǿŵšüͷɲ˵£Ҹողȥ¥Ѳӣһж͡
˵ǻֻڡҴҹ˯еõΰèèʾ, kԤ˿ڲúĵ, Ҫ֪㲼µرƻ
һèèͣŵǵıˡ
ԥػش𣺡, ֻҪڳǱ֮УպڣʱȥڽȵĻǳ500ˡ䱸˹еĵţǲԮǰƳǱķġ
ŵҪܳ500˵ĻѾ㹻вκһµĳĿֲˡ
ڴǳؼܽ, ܻ쵽ˮҪǧܵƫƧӡ
ɵĳǱòҲǲ۲۵ʯƵ, ӵԶͨľݵķ
ҡҡͷ
ŶڳǱǲġֱָ˲мɱūǹ⿿򵥵һѻ, ܻٹڵѪǵĵ, Ҳ׵ɱǾϵļݺ󡣡컹ҪҪˣ
⿿ڽԮҲ̫ʵ
ôĹҵʿŵƺ˺Ҫһ㣺ʹĹ, òԮ, ԮԮ, ȫЧ
ҪǺŪɼбϿҲǾ˾񡪡Ψһ׷ǵĿ׹һ㶼ù׼ĵϵġ
ŵƿԡ
˽˵Ȳ˵ˣǱϾǶʱ޷õġ
Ҳûôϡ
ȻĹܼңֿ˵ŵǣҪֻѵɿս㵱ΪļʱѵȻԶԶ޷ȣҲԳΪʦӵвսƽһЩսˡ
Щ췽ҹ̷ڶ˽󣬰ʱŵҲһһóġ
ԽƫƧƶģԽעػķɣرйоˣ߳ɳŵˣٶһЩ
ңǿ׳ˣʱҲεķ˵
Ϊ˱סԼĲƲѧһнǱرƷ
һ£ԱȽϺ
ŵ鸴ӡ
һǱСصĻϲһԼͻܿ쵽Σʱеĳء
뿪󣬰ſ˹¶ЩκƣЦݣսʿǸȱ
˵ʿӵеסƤ׵ȷˣԿⷿտҲɳǶԣһݳƷ
ټɳƲһ·Щǣӵǽǳϵˡ²50
ЩˣѾϴαŵɸѡΪɵˡ
ŸվԼİٴʶԼƶ
ȱȱũߣȱҪԭϡ
֪з˻ΣգͲô뿪ˡ˵˹ˣһʲñҲڷá
Ҳԡ
ܿԼ뷨
缸նЩǮֳƵϡеĻƷҲܴ򵽡
Ҫģǽд򣺿µȥǸ׸ĴҲø档
ǣĻḶ́ǼķѽǮ;ġ
Ȼ֪Ԥʾķ˻ʲôʱ֣ܾá
˼ţ⴫ٵĽŲ
ٵߵȵɣ߾Ѿ˵šˡҵðĻֱƿš
ŵȥ
¡
ŵɫϾдеǰľ裬˿Իҡ
ɫУԼĿһ׮񼣵𺳣ˡˡ
Ƥ΢
ʲô׼׵ԤУδҲӦ̫˰ɡ
ˡ
ٵһһȫٳӣҪôڱսˡ
ֵţȻĹܼҶһۣվȥ¥ʮӣūȫٴʮ֮ǰ˭ȥ
ŵǸǡ
ӵսƽ񶼴ϱûбĴũߣũҲûеģں󷽴ɡ
Ȼ֪ܲƽֿȭȥ
ɿȥ㳡ϡ΢ЦſŵǣŵĻȴȥ¥Ĳtڿɡ
һٵʱڵūãȻġ
ʲôˣ
ǽڵũߵ
ӳģһԼһ޴㯵û֪ô졣
ûã˸˽һָʾ
ǸɡļڼܿϤĿʿ
ȻƽʱĽʿװһƥɫĿϣٳ۳ҹ¢;š
ߣūȫݶ
˶סˡ
ʿղ˵ʲô
Сߣ
ѾǵɳһߣǶǰˡ
Ͼɳʵ̫̫ˡ
˶ԸĵطҲе˻ӡ
ͻȻϢʿѾɳ۶ȥ
ܿ죬ǾۿˣЩƽʱֻڳƽǶŻֵ̿ı飬ӳŸʽν
ǵõָʾȻūĲͬӵСģڳŹ㳡ķȥ
еҪˣ
ūǺܿ춼ʶһ㡣
ɡôأ
ǻɵվԭزڶʿͱЩˡ
ϽȥǺţ˵
ūţ֪ûжʱԼˡ
Ǳܵˣĳҵķȥ
ũ߶£
ʿֺ
һѡ죬ūʵʵطԼĹߣһ߻ͷһ߳ҵķСš
ǾͿһЩûбƽؽũߡ
Ҫ
ūǻص˼ȴûйš
Ƕ֪ʱôӦǶԵġ
Ǹǣʲô£˵
ֻ鷳ʱ׶ʿ͹ǻƤޣȥ
ȴû´ĵһǻؼҶ
ʱİѾ˲t
ӸµķλѹѹһȺ˴꣬סɱƽ
Ŀٶࡢӽˡ
ȽǣƽʱлάűȽ״̬Կ֧һļԡ
жϣƺгһϻ߰Ŀס
Ҳ˵ϿԶȱʱӦСͨ鲼µƽҪԵøһ֧顣
¡
һֱĬĸ˹Ȼˡ
ɫŵǶһۣĬص˵ͷϥ¹ڳǱУȴΪʤ


57 
˹, ʲֵܶǿţǰԾģһЩڸҪмĴ̶ӵġ
Ҳ̰ģÿֻר׼һ̶֧, иٶԷ
ǻĵصȵķ߳͡ǳضԶʱ, Ȼ֡ҾԲĴ»ڡ
̶ӳԱļǷ쳣, żصʱ, ȴʹŽĲתƵ𴦣ңȥˡ
ÿһƱģǶԺ, һʱɫһĿꡣ
ڶֶײС̰󵨵ǿУǾȻȽϵ͵ˡ
Ȼ¹ײλֶβбɳѲ, ѹҵԼС
þƵж, һȨΣ, ҲǶ⳯ȥˡ
˹ܵһڽ̬, ԰ѻ϶ƶ, ȱܹΣʱٻȥ
;˼ֻ򡱺, һͷɪɪ֮ǰĻ, Ȼ˹ʵ˼
һŴ, ҪȥɳǸļĲ̡
ɣ˹ʿҪתɳǵ, ܶԼı飺װֵܣ˵ǸʺĹط𣿡
˼ֱȻҰϵɳ߻ݣ
ʲһ߿, һظͣȥʲôȥ׸ǡĵ϶ǲ˲ٺöġ
ǰȥܡ˹ʲмغǸϲͱСƨ/۵ֵǧʿ, ܰȫɱˣ
ʲܶһ, Цı飬Ƶʣ˹ʣҪȥɣ
˹ĵص˵ͷ
ͷһھƣԷ̵ĿѣǱˣиϹ谮ĴѪ壬ձ޿ϵء
ǶԹ͢ٲĵͨˣҲ˵ʹĴ

ܶһȤȥˣǿ̫Ȥˡ
ɳǵرǿǼСܹƵı
ʲϴаЦݣ볢Ǹ϶İĶӵζȥ϶ǸŮ˻ɣ
֮ǰֻüϼʿȫǸϹĺøˡ˹΢ۣ¶һĨ̵ЦݣһõǣĹأӦٺʲˡ
ڰλٵĴֽſǰȺú͡ʫƯף¶ʹĳ̬
Ѿܾûĸ˹ܼңȻ֪ĵС˱ôеĶ⡣
ԭȻܵģĵС˻Ҫ뿪ǱԶԿˡڰھݵ˼ͬڳǱս
̵ɫĮĿֻЩ籩¶ȺǰĸɪɪšֶڶµƽƬ̶ͺܿƿˡ
˹ʮܳƵսģֻŵǡʿ
Щʱ͸ûоսѵƽ񣬲ﲻæţֻš
˹Ӧô
ŵȻʿȴȻԸ˹ġ
ʱͬһͨĸһصȴŸ˹ָʾ
һ͢ʿʱسűʱĹ͢ʿ˹ˡ
̫ˣܳ塣˹һ߲سֱϲŰŹһӥһԽԽطΧȺǿԼ졣
ǿŴں֮ڣԽģζȨԽߡ
ֻҪܾɱ죬ʿܿͻɢˡ
ֻ˹ʵԾôãƾĵȻֻ
Щϲøζ鱦κһ¶治ע⵽ԼĴͬ
˹ֵһʼʹŸ޼·бƷʿȥҲ࣬ڶм俿İȫλá
ǿԽԽ
Ѿ˺üֻ΢ļսĸ˹ɫ
Ŵ۵׾һѩ
ʱҲƻĶ죬ҲζţҪһѪսˡ
ôҲһܻŻȥ
ΣЩ౰ɵĶͽл῿С˵ġ
з˶ǰ־Ӳĸ˹һûסͷ
˱Ƕڸ߸ߵĳǱϣС˾߹洰
ϧǣûпǵϤӰ
Ҫĵ°
˹˱ۣܿ콫ͷת˻侲ֱӵˡ
ΰèèĻϣkԶر
˰Ҳ޷ˡ
һͷһӿ֣˹һޡ
Ϊ˵¡壡
ȳ
λͬʽʿͬһ֧֧֮ûйһ˿һԥ棡
ǼʿѡȳԼ˹ʼʵǸ˵ġ
ҪǶһֱڳǱĻǻʱڣûа취Щݡ
ȴԼǿڹЧĽ죬Ҳ˵һа١
ֻҪܽ⼸սʣµ˾ͬĸ׸ˡ
ؿŸ˹ǳȥãȻ޴ƽǶһۣҲֻܾسϳ塣
˫ܿսһš
ƽֳս˹еĲһ
ǶոȺⶼûĶҲûʲôȤص㻹ڱں󷽳Ǳλ󹫾
ڽӽǱ֮ǰȰ⼸ͷµĶȮˡ
Ȼ˹ô룬ǰġ̷ڹߵ˵սǿԶԶϡ
ǸͿʿȻô׺
еҿˣһ̱Ȱ㼱ٻӳ⣬ǱĽƵǱˡ
ˤڵصǿ𣬾ͱ̤£ҽűعǡ
ȳѪǺɣҽкһš
ŵǴʿŸ˹ΪЧҵһ˼ļ飬˶ͷƤ˼ƣɱܱߵĵˣ
ɫĿףѾظϵѪȾ˴Ŀĵĺ졣
ȴ·𲻶þ¡
ΪֻҪɱһػĵ¾͸ȫһ㡣
Χס
˹ʺܿ챻ŭˡ
˲ڲԼָţѾ첻ˣȥͷҿ
һɵˣȻô׺ݵطôĲ¡
˹ʺ޵۾˿ɲѪ죡
ֽţһҪ׽ס
ŭغš
ϼһ׽סһҪֽţѪܵ/ڻϣҽвɡ
˹Ҳû뵽ǣ鲻Խطʩһ˲һԵֿľ޴޷ܵʹֱϮ壡

˹ʹزҽ
Ų׵žǱĵֽһ̵ѪȪˮ㼤ӿ
˺ѷεʹϯȫһ̣ȫɳ۵ײһȻһС·
ͻȻĲҽ̫ѪȻӿĳҲ̫ˣֱսϵ˶ŵͣһ˲Լͬس˹ʿ˹ȥ
ڿӽ̬һ̣˵Ķˡ
˹Ҳ⡣
ûмŻͷޱɱһĵʱų϶ɿƳһۡ
ɫͫ˲
ؿ޳ָɵسһó桢һۿȥа˸ߵ
ޱȷĽǴ󺣰ͨ͸εɫ
û罦ѪȾȻ͸
ձƿĴ鲼£һ˼£ƿߡססľס
ֻƽʱܴĵЦƯףûһ˿һı顣
Եҫ£ȻɢŵĻԹ⡣
΢
ǻӳ˵һˮƽҲ͸ηĮȻ
˹һ㱡
ˡ
СˣĳΪ˴˵ǴŽ覵ĳۣɫƽػ³˵֮ȴᱻ˵Ѫۣάġʹߡ


58 
˹ϥ, ڳǱʱ˵˾䱧Ǹ
ĵ˵ԸҲġ
ûܹȨζūȻûвս
ƽײԶûɱ, Ϊͳ, ײнڹĹ, ôء
Ȩ, Լ͵λ
ʵһпƵϹƽһˡ
ļ䣬Ϊʱ䲻
ΪĵȷȷסɳǱõķ, õʳӵĲƸ˷Ϊˡ̷
κв˵ʱȻûɲͦ
Ǹ˹ǰŸճȥ, Լȡõ鲼, ýԼͷ۵Ľס
ͻȻϮĵ, ˸˹ڳǱǶĻ̻, ûע⵽һ鲼סͷİӰ뿪
·ʱ, ˶, ûһƥϡ
ĳ˹, ֻʿ
ϵʿĿ, ٵһֶֻùʵ̫עĿˡ
ɾͻ˲ֻ޴ƽȺ, վ˸սļĹ㳡䡣
ϸع۲ǰĸ˹ˣԼ𲽱ƽǿš
˹Ȼͷ, Ǳ߲ʱ, ©һġ

˹ܿƽؽͷת˻ȥ
ƽʱǰ, ǹǫϸܵĹܼңʱ·عΪʿսϳķâ
һʵĳηƣɵسٱԼĵȺ˳棡
ؿǼӰ廨ŵı̵ֲĵȺɿûٿߵƽǿſ־壬ţеġ桭
۽΢΢ţǱ̵ˡ
Ϊһںƽִˣǿӳʱ᲻ᱻѹ壿
ûйӱԼεĴ㣬ԭҲΪԼҪܾõ˼붷Ȼԥԥسֵֵ
ʵϣġ
ڵʯ任ϡèèĽִָϷȡǱΪлõġèèıŴҪɱĹܼĵӳһʱ۶ûգһ£һǰԥ
ৡ
а˸ߣֻСۿһȡǵܱĿؿĳؾ޽ֵƽ񡱵ţȻɵһƬҶ
ʹ۵鲼üܲ͸磬¶°ȴǾСɵģƤҲѩϸ𪡣
Ȼ˸е˼飬ȻηģǱͻȻֵľ޽
ǵkڷ⣡
յĴȣҲҹǳ˸·ʱᱻһԵҹĻû΢â
ҹϣŵkǰ·
׼ϵ׻Թ⣬չᣬâǱ鲼޷ڵת⻪
ȻûпշΧ״̬
֮ԴϡèèĽָֻΪ10%Чȴû뵽ǴɫʵЧԶǱž޽ɱҪġ
ŴֱӵĵȺУޱŵĵӳؽ
ֻϷýзáָʷķι״ĹǵһʵһѪҺͬӽ
èèı߱ļ˺˹ᱡܵסġ
ѱ˺ֵ˳ֱӴ˱
ڱ˲䣬׾չһڻֱͨ
˹ʵĲҽĹȵѪŽԴǿЧǽθߴʵĳԵ˳ȥ
찡
պŤͷһĻܶͷƤըһۣΪ־顣
һԼǿΪСĸ˹ʣѱĹ¾Ȼһͯ˿ûлֵ
ĿһĻǿȫסˡ
ôѪȴһ㶼ûǳɫĽͣ
ǻӽǰ̵ͷ̫죬ñȽʵ鲼¶ͷԵľ𷢣ʹס
˹ʵĲҽעǿǣԼͷƤ飬־һĻ
ƽڶݵ㶺鲻Խصϥ£èè̸裡
λʱҲ̲סʹһ⡱
˭û뵽ĿеʹʱȻеɢ˶ܿԹ⣡
ԽϲǿǾԽη塣
֮ͽҲӲԼΪС
еͻȻ֮䶼Īͣ˶ĿԼϣ΢΢üͷ
Щ˶ôˣ
ԥ£ûмӽһʯ˵ĵˣǽĽ⳯£ǳǳϣŽʱ䱸š
ƽʱϪˮγº͵۾ʱûһ˿һУػӹΧˣ˵ٲ±ߣؽ⵽ΰèèµͷ
̽˵仰
еЩ˼ǣֻһۣڿ־ط
ѾһϢڵϣʹ/޷˹ʣʹֳεѪܵǰ
ƲܶͲʲڸովʹСĸǵˡ
˭û뵽һԭעҪѪȱսӭҽֵķսôӭ˿ϷԵĽ֡
²һٶǿսһ󣬰˽ǿǹ·ٹؽλڳǱҵ
˹ʣóǰδеĿֶΡ˽û׶ǿ쵹ɺ󣬾ʹûжùĽ̼ϡ
˸˹һֻ˺ļʱʱ鴤屻ŭʯ飬ֱ
ͨǱԶԶǾ߽ʧȥκηӦԽӲŹֵƵŵʬ壬ġ
ǿڴС֮䣬ɱ˲գ۵ĵǿ
ԩ޳£ŷͽǳ嵽ҪɱߵˡĲƸ޳ܶͽ
һ㲻ɱ˶ԷҲԲκθСںƽִҲӦںԼĲƲȨ
۾
˵ԼڸоԼǲͣŵָ⣬ʼƽˡ
ԳϵʽĻֻ˵ǡèèĽָЧЧӦˡ
ͽš񡱵еηʿж׵ġ
ҲǸ˾ӡ
ʹƶɳǣҲΪĸ˲Ƹ㹻׶˵ĵطƫƫû㹻ķ
ԸδζĸҲվ޵ġ
¡
˹˰
˹
ӴתϰԵ΢Цţźûġ˹
ۡ
ϻղΪԼԡѪսɫĸɺѪҺĹܼͻȻĬعԼĽűߡ
¡
˹ţ̧Ȼûʲô飬ɫȴصӳǵҪӰ
ûܱСˡ
ңشСϿˡδйĿ־Ͱˡ


59 
, һԲĸ˹
ڶݵ㶺΢΢űѪŪĿףش˹ܼļϡ
ɤȻö, ŵú, һЦ⣺˹, 
ȻһĹܼ, ȴֳ˴δйִ֡
һعţɫ۾רע
̾˿治ɫ˵ٲĻ, Ҿֻöˡ
ȻС¶Լǰ
´ĸ˹ŽӲվȻڰָʾ£ľżһһԵϡ
ѹʲô˼, ݸΪ, ˹
ܼҵüͷš, β΢ɲص˵ͷ
ǡ̫ˡ
Ҽǵ˵ÿһλ嶼Ӧĳ𱦽, ӢηΪԼĶܻպ϶սӼзҳ˸˹Ļ, ظţս, ҲǶڹ١
¡˹ڿ, ɳƣǲһġ
С, ҵѪ, õ꣬ǰһ޶ĳ, ӦһֱԽһС
Ӧҳǿľ, ΪĸԸطһС
ΨһҪ, ֻӦȫĳǱУĵصȴĹʿǿϥأʤĹʵ˫ַϡ
𳤽ȥôΣյսϣôహ̵
һġ
ºͶǿţ뿪ҾӦһĹһˡ
Ϊ˵˹ҲΪ˵ԼΪԼԼػҪڶսܱڶܻϵ塣
ǻ꽿õ壬ܽѪķ̡Ϲ簮ӵġʹ֮ʹҲ̴ܴĳͽ֮
ҲӿΪҵֳ΢Ц˵ҵĸֳѾ뿪ߣ˰Ĵڵģֻˣ˹
¡
˹š
ؿڹ̣Ϣ
ֻǿʼԼİСˣᶨ˵ţԺϣ̵֪ܽһУվǰֻŶһ˱ҡҲ뱣ҵӵˡ
¶ԡѪʹǿĬؽ֮¡
֪˶ã˹ش𣺡ˣ¡
Ц飺Ըȥϴ裬ú˯һٽҸЩ²𣿡
ں߹ܼ󣬰ȴϢ
ŵǺ׷Ÿ˹ȺΪսʿͬʱ˿ͷĿ佱ʵʵĽ
ۿСˡΪ˱¶ýȺеͱ˵ĹܼңŵǵǿܺͿȵġ
ͼ׷桢̷ĸ߹£Ǳ˶һ޶ǿߣ
ʹڽ²Ѻ󣬰˻ĽָעĿľ޽ʥ⡢ֱֳעľ޽սӢˣѾ˵Ժˡ
ڵõļνʱ͸¶޷Ƶļͬյõ۽ǵٵĿͽ
һæѾ͸ˡ
˿δľӽҪķѾѵõ᲻һȥ/
պһ׳ӣ˹ҲˣСûû͡
ʲô¶
ϴ󣬰ھʱ粻Ƴ۽̼ܵķ
֪ǲǴ
ʹôԶʵɫ£ʱĵһġѬ⡱ӰӡٴӰӰ´µسˡ
ϰߡ
ǿʬ壬ǳڶͼıߵ壬Ϊ⵽ֻƽṩйŭ;
ֱ֮ǰǸС͵ʬһʳĿȫǣֻʣ¸ɿݵĹǼܣȻΪֹ
˿
º󣬻ǽƸ֮ĵӱȡ˳ڴͷ
Ȼ۾ǿԼϢ״̬
Ľ嵯Ψһֱ䶯ݣǡսʿˡ
05%
ٵÿֵȴһ
ƽعص壬ǰһתٴ˽Ӳӵ֮С
ƽˡ
ع۲Χ
ϷϵͳĸΪѪɽһĻجΡ
ǰε״̬¶ȹһܿɰвèɵġˡֵø˵¡
ôš
ǰ֮⣬Ҫһ߽ȥ
ֱӳǼǰ
ƿܳأʵһëĴţȻһϤèӰڴͷλãصȴԼ
ɵЦЦ
װèè񰡡
š
ǵèһܷɵһȡڴͷԹԵصȴ߽ĹӰ˲ͶӵġĿ⡱
лڽսϣӻҡ
Ȼ֪ԼξУèè񡱵л
Ҳʵ
ֿɰġèèı͡èèĽָǿֻۿҪΪ˱ԼһԼǰ
ôӮôɡ
ûע⵽ǣ˫ԭʱʱᶶһè䣬ͻȻǱסˡ
İͽͻȻл󲻽ĳɡ
ǵkӦġ
k
ӦӦ
ڵk֪ʱһеԼεİѾȻ˴ϡ
ŵkƶͷһư
ȴûб˫ֻҪԼõkСƯ۾
kסˡ
װèè񰡡
ë޵Ľɫ䶶˶
ӵ貵ĳ𷢡ѩһ覵ļߣſϸ˫ۣkչֳ͸Ŵ޺ڴƯЦݣûСˣ𣿡
ߣһè󣬰ѾԼ硱Ŀˡ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôξı仯ҲСޣǻ˯£˯ǰĳ״̬ˡ
ϸڱһһơ
ѾںǷʵ
ھޱһ󣬸еޱƣʵǺܸ˵ġ
ھɵġڳǰİͽĽһ˫㯵Ĵɫͫ
ǽͫףӳֻŵ£¶ƬƬѩ׼ЦݵӰ

롭ҡˡ
Ҫȥ

kʶгٶ۵תЩͷԭڿС΢΢ζĳȣѾԾ˵ء
ܵİ˵ջСèһʵʵ˴ϡ
Ȼ΢ͷֻ޳ϸ¶΢֣ظеĶ䡣
ɰ
΢ۣһֻһһС䣬һ߷ĵظ̾š
ֻһèèĶ䣬Щصķգʱɢˡ
ϻʲôëèè׽ĵأ
ٰΪûС
k΢ıҲطܵسķ˲䡣
ڵkʶȴһĿȻ£ԭŵĽɫβͣʼչ
βͼĵسͽķ΢΢
һ߸ߵˡ


60 
ź, ûܳߣèĿжãΪξĺȻʧǰˡ
֪ƿػȶ, ϱڼ, ŵ˿kάֵĻƽʱɢԵʡ
ָܻܺܿ, kȻԸðİͽ˵ķգԥؽͳ
ף
ĻƽȻ类紵ɢɳֱ, ûü̽ԭ򣬾ʹﾪˡ
⻹Ǻҹֻеԡ
Ҳľٲͷ, 滹ŵ˲졣
, һ֮ǰ
Ϊʱ䳤, ϷϵͳĿƲŻ
Ȼ޷ȫȷһ, ϾһδϵͳǿƽϢ״̬
ʰΥİҹĿ, һ±úܺá
ȻֻȥһС, ͸ܵ԰ҹˡ
ûе, û磬ûκ豸ûпԽĶ
, ΰèè񰡡
ԭڴͷвèڻ, ɷµţ߲õӡһͽ´ָʾˡ
ңԶ, ɥųβ, Ŭ, İͽĻ
kס, Ȼ


ǵġ

Ȼ˵ԻʹѾ¶˾ģСĵط޷ΪԼèè
л˵úãˡɴȥɻɡ
һе8ֻ˹ףµʳġ
Ȼ󾭹һ򵥵ϴװϣŵس˷š
һƿţ뱻ŵʿΪҹĿʿһײߡ

ѷĿ¶ԵãȻ𾴵ġ£
ΪµİȫҪģɵĵһʼ޷ȫǱ˵ĸ˹ܼҾŵʿˡÿһʿҹĹ涨
˶ԽҺʿͻſţֱȼ콫ʱ뿪
Ѿǿֵĵڰ˴ˣʿûм˻ҹ뿪ҡ
˵뿪ˡ쳣С涼ֹһΡ
߸һϣͲ³һǳԹܼҵˡ
΢΢һЦȻ˵ˣ
ʱΪЧͣװĵ¡ʶصϥ¹񣺡Ҫ
ɡ
΢΢ףһؿʼ˺˵˵ҸղнӵΰèèָʾҪȥջ⵽ԶħʴҪԸĻһɡ
֮ϿΪ˲ĹĲ¸еΪѣҲΪԷһ
ϷϵͳͻȻ;ǿϢĻֳɵİ˹ˡ
ϧʱ̫ˣѾ˯ˣȥ
Ȼ֪λ߹ĹתŵġȫѪµͷ
һǡΰèèµͣһƽĺɫʱֳȵɫ
ۼԡʥ⡢ֲֳ˼ľ޽նɱ׵˵Ӣ˺󡭡
ټɳˣǶȫ֪ȫܵèè񣬻Ƕݶ˼ײ㡣
ǣ£
Ϊѡеġ׷ʹˣҵٴεϥ¹ڼǣֵţΰèèԶӻΨһˣ
Ƥ΢ûֹһҪϥ£½ǵĶ
ʱĻˣҲֻܱϰˡ
ĵصȿĵļ󣬰º͵Ц˵߰ɡ
вЦĿʿǰ濪·ǱҹȻԴδڰҹֵȻҪ뿪Ǳе𾪣Ǻԥ񣬹ƿš
Ÿ˹ŵϢ
ڶЩ¶˺󣬱ɵ߳˳Ǳţͳ˲ǰĿ
鲻Խ۾
С²̬Ȼţȴ˼ԽԽ졢ԽԽ졭
Լգ۵ĹС¾ѾǸӭһ˷յï׵
ֻƬ̣˽ȥ
ȻۿţĿɫĮȻʹԶͽϵĳͽ֮ʱɢӨ׹Σٴ»ԻĽ֡
鲻Խס˺
֮ǰšèèĽָãһΪòǼӹĹܣҪϳĻǲ̫עĿ
ڵĻùһˣ͸ɴſֽţʱ;ðɡ
ߴֲïܵҶƬ嵭»ԡ
ӵĹ̫ӰһķӣԥؽèèĽָˡ
أͷߣҲڿķɼģʽ
ৡһৡһ
֭ˮ桢Ļƽףһৡ󣬾ͱϸƯָͬŪժ¡
ת˲ʧģϵͳ
ϷǴסͼ꣬½ʾСС֣ŰĸЧջȲš
ó״סˡ
ǵǳҫĿ⣬ҹ߹ɭ֣ǲҶʱġৡ
಻ķ紵Եĺ棬΢һһĻڰߵĽʯϣѩ׵ˮ
ܼģ·ҹﲻµ㣬ɡ
ȻǷ绹꣬ԵĿԾغˡǱλ߹Ĵɢ̤أ׶Чߵøɸɾһ
ơ
סɨҶƺ󣬰Ҳᵽ˰ҹĿ֡
ɣԼչһ׼ȸЧġҿķʽ
ÿһ㹻졢Ҳ㹻˫ַӦòɼĳЧûеĵز
һ̨ûиոǰɵƽš
˵뷨Ҳõĵ顣
ô׵أôףȫģ
ֲᱻţ鰾ҹժĿ֡ȻܸױȵС
˳ˬ조ৡУܿߵһ¢ľͷ
ϰϰһȫѾɨรջɾġӰ涵׵ء
ҹ׵زժӲǼȵظɵ߷ǰסһǰһСչ
Ű800ףժµ̽յõġèèĽָ׼ԼһĿصǱС
Ȼհǿֲ꣬ӵ̽ͷһ˫۰ײѾúͨͨġϤ۾ֱˡ

ҳϵĹܼɫƽͺ˫һͨͨ۾Լһ㣬һ񣺡£ͿԶ𣿡
գգۡ
ŴʵƤԽԽˣʱ¶ޱ̹Ȼ΢Цรɿĸ˹áкҪҪء
ڲ׶ԣѾϤޱȵġеԵظԷ˼顣
ĿǰƵü޵ģȻǱʱѺڵǿŵķ²ˡ


61 
ᵽ, ˹¶˴Ȱ΢Цĵؽţ£Щķڶûֿ, صǻܼҡ
⼸ճ̫, ּġƽ񶼹ȱʳ, һԵ÷ǳ
ǿȻǿׯڳԷġ
ÿڴĽˣȥ̶ӵķ, ȻֻҪʱطܶ㿪׷黨Ƶء
η²152ǿһ˵׳ҲԱȥǺþƺļʵˡ
Ȼٺõ, ڱǹ·ŶҹҲƫĵһڶ춼ֻ״̬
ܺá
Ȼ뷨û˹һ, ݸظ˾, ѯʣһ¡ָ, ճƶķ, ǻ⵽Ĵ
˹üͷ΢
ʴȵСҪЩ޳ܵ, ͷǡ
ڼֹ, ѡ˽˵£Щͨᰴе̷ܵͬͨĵǿֱȥ̼, 򵥵ı˺ƽǿ, ǰǵ·ǹ, ŰϡԼʺжٽͷ, Ųڳľ, Ϊͬ壻ֺġҪȿ֫, ڳһ߿Լڻգһ̼߱ϵġ

ǵЦ΢
Ȼ֮ǰѾ׼ƽĶۣЩ̷Ƶϼ򵥴ֱûǰϿЩûٳ
һ뵽˴¡ššĽ̼ܣҪһӭ152ˣǸеͷƤ顣
룬˵̼ϣҲʱûôλðɡ
˹治ɫػش𣺡£㲻õġȥЩˣҲΪʹȥġ

ǿġ
ȻЩԭĲƲǿܴڶͬġ
һ¿һٶʬ΢ȻתδҲ̫սˡ
ϸǹ󣬰˵˹ҪûǴĻҲйץסǿźûȫ
ǻɳǵ··ķʱպײһǿŵС
һ40Աǿţֻ1/3˽̼ܣʣµȫȥ¹Ѻˡ
£뵽ҪôۻİСǰ˹еؿ΢ˣɤҲԾرõͳΪЩﷸļϣѹե
ļˣĻطǵġԸ⽻Ĵʴʵ𣬾Ըĳˡ
ȻҲһЩõǲޱ̰ر
յ󲻽Ϸˣԡ̫١ͷֱд
˹ֱ׵˵Щ޳ܵĶϣûκβдֵġ
˵ΪİȱǵĽˡһŶСڵɵĶͽ͸ͳͳϽ̼ܡ
ȴؾϻõļֵء
ǿɶѵһģƵ彡ϺͶ
ܵΪִ˵뷨Ӱ죬ĽǶȿǣôɱˡ
֮ǰΪֻҪɹ˽ļģּǿũҵĸĽˡ
ڱǿŵͻȻ˸ѣԺһðƻҪȥʵʩ
һǿ׳ãȫɱˣȴūɻôԾ
ҪԼԱǿ׳
Щ˸ɵĻǽͶ죬ūƽȥ
аɡ
֪ȫˣֻò̵ֶɸһ
ǣȻЩǼϵġ⡱η塢ԶͶģ˵ٻһ/ľη
Щܵģųɾ׼ķͽŻô±񷣵Ŀܡ
ӢΰèèԸˡϻûб̫ҿԺĳˡǿԼӲ˵ʱѪȵһèè޷̵ģɱ˺ͶŮʩֻҪǷˣȫϽ̼ܡ
ܿˡе
ѵʶ㡣
ΪЩַϡƲصɱ
ҲҪĿضȱ¡άΰȷᱻơ152ˣһЩſȫס
˹۵ӹһο
ǣ¡
΢΢ף˳ȥ
һ磬ĵûгȥҲûп̼ܿܵȴ
ӴƮͷĶ
Ƿеǿ³ڽ̼ǰķŭģǿſɺ޵ĵǰһȥе˷ܺͻϲƽūĽкһ߾ڳʧȥǰŽ̼ϵġѡ
̼ϵλ÷Ųôʬ壬һλñ类ȥǾʬͻᱻС
ֱ쳹׺͸ˣеĸ˹ܼҲŻص˳Ǳ
£˹ϹϾػش𣺡Ѿˣʣ100ˡ
ѾǸȰģҪöˡ
ǿС˵ɻ󣬸˹ܿţвǱӵõĹ͹Ϊ˻űȼǿŵġ
ŻǿųƲҳϣҲûеʱ䷸
ԭˡ
ûȻ򣬶ʣµķͶĴ㣬ҲӸеˡ
һһϽ˼Ĺܼңһȵߵλġʾ⸣˹£һϸ˵ԼĴ㡣
ȽʣµķͷȫɾòһĿȻȷֹҲΪ˱ڼȡˮԴ㡢ʭӡ
Ȼ󰤸״ѯǷ߱سý֮Ͷַ䡣
ѻĵȱˡھȱˡĥʯҲȱˡ
ɳǵʵܴ󣬵õʵ̫Сˣ߱Եĳǽ
ԶֻһĳǱڻԭϣųǱĳҲֻǵõϵİΣܵõʵϵıӻ
Χǽϵĳִ󹤳ֻ̣ҪȻԽ翪ʼԽá
Ҳã⣬ũ̻СǺϤġҪǸҶһѵĻһֱ֣ӴԶʮ±̵Ĵ
ÿµף˵ıֶᱻ¼һ鵥СʯϣΪɵġ֤
ûмбֺõġԽʵ̡ĸ֤ǸĹĳģٵūƽʵʵܹǵͶɹǵĵִȥЩ
Щ²ԣûм»ѾĪĿˡͶˡ
߲ʳǿֻʴȵèè񣬲Żԭ̷ᡭϧΨһһεĻķˣֻ䱻ڽ̼ϡ
ԼϽ񣬻ĵġ
ЩɱǳʲôɡˣûôõƢ
һ԰ɡ
ȱⷽʵİûн˵
һжÿʵЧе
ȥһҪŷǽĵط
Ͼǰڸô˿ǣΪ˷ֹܣȥֻһ취
ԼϷµġһʣµ600ʯϡ˼Ȧֻøһءֱݳ޵ʯΧ


62 
Ϊʼ䷽֮һʯΧ, ȱ㶼
ŵ㵱Ȼϼ򵥡ֻҪʯϣܵһʯΧ
ں棬֮ǰѾгʼ䷽һ, ƷЧˡ
֪ľֻܵס, ȴɷȥ
֮£ʯΧõرϷĹܣһú, ܹ赲һĽ롣
ԵǿϮʱ, ֻҪȷԼ˵İȫĻʵֻҪΪΣܵס˵롪ȻǿȱԶ, ûвȡŻֵ¡
ȱҲԣʯϡ
һ˸ߡһ˼ʯΧ, Ҫ2ʯϡ
࣬ʵϾϷ, ٵĿǰΪֹ, ûз⸽ԴԴϵṩʯϵĿ
ܺܿľϣʯѾƵϡԴˡ
ȻҲڿŵĴ©ĳǱ޲һ, һֱʣµ600ʯš
ڹȻҪˡ
ܸеʮʹ, һ, ɡ
ͬ˹ȶɴ൱ʹŹܼѡ˼Ҫпĵ, ȻʯΧʵʵȦ
Ϸϵͳṩĳͷ, ܵġֻЩڱֲ, ϵͳͬΪءĵ档
ڻĵغֵ, ޷ʹõġ
ɳǰԸֵļһ֪, µԽԽ, ֱȫֲ, εɵأתƵµĵط
ö֮ǰؾͳ׳˻ĵأ鲼ʯӲݡ
ԴӰɺʵЩĵؾѾüģˣ÷ޱȵৡظӲݣʮϧʮָùʯʯϡͷʱòˣūʱڲ㲻żЩط½пġ
ھͲͬˡ
ʽн׶ΣҲƲʱΪ׼ˡ
ԭūҪ̫࣬ѳ㹻пѡ
ڶһǿ׳Ͷպøһ
ҪԼҪܳܳʱ䡣ڶЩصĸǰǶֻסڱʯͷΧסĵطʱ׼Žΰèèļල
Ȼÿ춼ҪӳǱҵļȥģʵ̫鷳ˡ
ԽҲԽṩ˿ɳ֮
ҪǣʵûȤһȺΣﳤ˯Լ¥¡˺üҲһ
ϵͳƷ䷽Ǻֵġ
𻨷ѴȥأԸЩպҪסʯǽûܵĻ᣺ߴʯǽЩ϶͸Щ϶۲ǵı֡
ܰ첻ò˲пֳЩ䡭
ҵҪķ󣬰Ѿȫָˡ
ܼҸ˹С˺Ȼ˾˵ǰʱҲȡģȻĵΪȺ಻ø߹ĵµģҲԵΪе˻ϲ
صҺһèè˵ͨ˯ˡ
һҹΡ
ڶڵһǰİﲻЩź
Ȼ
֮ǰźü춼ܽǸߣèΡѾǺѵõˡ
Ϸϵͳʧ飬ֻżȻɺϰˡ
ޣװèè񰡡
峿£ĵһͷԵƯЦݡ
һȥժ˶ƯʻȻ߽ɫвèԲצϵĽ𶧺֣صؽʻȥ
л㿶ǹ⻬Ŀɰצ󣬰ЦۣɷµţٴθлµӵڶͽϮ±˵
۾Ľȫûע⵽ֻӲӵвèĶ䣬زһ¡

ҡ
ܸˡ

Ϊǰϵ̫ңoڻ²ʧȥ˶Ŀƣָܻ
ĵkȻʮԼ⡢ҲҪͽûܽǵԼС
Ϥkǳǳ˯бѣ˰ߡ
õkﷺ֮ǰʱƵζβҲԾٴˡ

š
ҡ뱣㡭

ȻңԶ
ʹǴŴȱʥ⣬˿Ц⡢˵˵ţΰèèİɡһᾡĴ߶ԡĹУΪë׽̡ŶƸ̵֮ͽ
֣صسŵ󣬰ŲٿƲõЦݣ˳ֵèèĶ䡣
Ҳϣε㣬װ
ظèˡ͡䡱ͨܿͽƽսյϷȻ߳ҡ
һ̻ڡͽҲ˼ҡĻϲл֪һ̾ؿ˲пĻ档
ջ˵ˣˣЦеضԼС˰֡
k
ûмȥЩ
ÿϵġս-èè׻-͡-̶ѭ󣬻ȥʣµһٶֲˡ
æЩŴϸ˹ˣȦõʯΧ⡣
¡
ѾŷǵĿϵظ񣺡˶ѾˣʱķԸ
ʱ˹ȥѺЩūģʿ̳ʮ
ȻЩ²ǿѾӽҹûгԷˡΪЩǿ˸սľģսĵ죬˹ֵܶǿв¶ŵġҲûжЩۻ軨µġ
ǵҪǳǰüÿ˷һ׶£ȻǴϰһ·õūľ£ڱסǰª塣
Ȼ˫˫ţǰһγɳһĶУһ·ֻǱССŲ
УЩ²ǼȫصͷһƬţû˵һ֡
һġ׶ЩѾ챻ˡ
ʣµЩûմұԴųǳֲȺ崦˵
ʲôãֻסС
ҪôǹһЩСƻġ
ӱȽģѾλ˵þȻӵͼˡȺϱͲեóˮģǳϣصҲʼֻڡûɱˡŮʩϡ
ǰ߻뵽ҪÿƵūߵĻȴκδﶼƲо
Ů˳
λӵп޴ġ
̾š
Ҳ߶еĴɡ
ʱѡеͶǿǣʵֻĿʥ⣬ֻмò˼ò
ˣǰʱϲûɫâ˶ܿƵ˴״̬
Ǿ˶ûж飬֪ôݣòʱԼǿ𺳡
ܹ鳹һ¡
ԭ߸ϵҲ޷
ȺĿȻͬʱô͵ķǣûע⡣
ڱôú󣬲˭Իˡ
š
ɵףߵʯͷɵļΧǰ
²鲻ԽĿ׷
ǾۿţλӲӡһһ͸ĿеŵǸߴµʯǰȻƾȡһʮָ䣿
ΪΪʲôʮָ䣿
Ŀ¶ãλʹ;ǸƽƽӣҲգضǴʯȥ
ǰ᲻ɴݵʯͷΧôһü顣
ҸŵǣЩɢʯƮɵĳûüմ˵ۣѾ˲ʧˡ
еذõʯջ˱תѾ״ˣ¶ʽ΢Ц
赭дشǸʯΧϵŵʵȻصſˣȥɡ


63 
֪, ԼƾһӲ˿ŵļǽԭò嵽ķ²ǵۡسˢһ顣
һ²۹۱Ǳǹģ缦߽ʯΧк, Ը˹ĴʽеϿɡ
ô, ȷʵûˡ
ʥȻԴһŴЩ²
ͨ, Ҳֻ֤ǻûе׼ĵز, ֵøĿռ䣬ȴζǸˡ
൱ͬһ˵طɲζ񣬷ֻһ͵ĵߡ
е⣬²ȴľ, Ҳκˡ
񰡡
ôʵôصʯ, ȻĹһӾˣ
ⷴǲΪεһĻǴȥʵ̫, ھ˶ˡΧʧ˵ʵ
ǻл㱵߽鱻ȦĻĵϡ
һ߽ȥ, ҲգشϷͳǵʯΧ
˶ʯֱҪȥպ͵һС
سһ, ʯ˵һ˾, ΨһȱڸΧˡ
ˣ
һ, ʵǹ⵱˵ôġ
Զܵ͹ͽĶèèָµĿ־, ܻʱ䵭ֻвϼˡ
ⶼΰèè´͡Ŀù㤵һĻ, ˶ǿȡǾηעĽ, Ī˵ţɵkõΧ, Ӳ黹Ҫü᲻ɴݡֻа˼뱻Ťת, ű߳
ʵóʼ䷽դšһȿԽ, ô
Ϸṩդ, ඼ɿġ֪˴һ˩ȥûá
кüʱ䣬ᱻڸ˴򽻵ɴʯΧȷˡ
԰ԣʯ˵ʮּ򵥣жҲܷ㣨ٶԣ
żҪʱֻҪ㱨һٵжװͺá
һк󣬰ʹŸ˹뿪ˡ
£ǰԸ˹ҳϿɿĹܼһһȥġ
ǹ
Ȼ÷²Ǿô棬Ҳݳ޵ǳԱʲôЦɳܳԱ˳˳ǱǼλ⣬ֻƽˣūֻܳԸ߰˳ɱء
ꤵˣڳԵɱ£ǻеӼԸʳҲԸɻʱ
ǴӶıԵѿǸɻʱˡ
տʼһ죬û׼ǼʽܵǸԼסȻҲǱزٵģϼˮճˮĹӦ
ȻǲūƽܵõġЩɰַĺľˡ
ֻ֮ǰļݷʱ̭һЩƾɲϡ
һ߷ɿġ²سӣʱʱëȦһ£һҲ̧ظ˹˵ţû뵽мֵġպãͰǳɡ
ָƽܼסڵ֪ʶɼƻճˡ
ѧϰ֮ǰǳԱһЩ塣
£˹ѯţϣ6˰
΢˼£ҵͶԱ߸Ȧطɡտʼ⼸죬˱Ƚ٣ҪһЩסĴũūʳ΢һЩ
Щûʲôսǰ֪ʶȻ;ܴļֵȻҪֻ²ࡣ
Ҳûа취ټϣƽ֮УܶдֵҲʵ̫ˡ
ûӡˢαĿǰĴǣڽ̹ġԼһҪ̵֪ʶдͻʽͬʱڹϣѧϰϰ
ôԵĴҲܼŬɻĶɡ
˹ŴԳ˵£ѱҰޣҲܱӳùѱ

ɹܼҵǼ򵥴ֱЧġ
ȻΪڷչĻҪͲߵģ˵ĳɱֱԺԲơ
ҪȫĻ֮ǰūûʲôô
˾ľˣһ߾ʬ⡣
Ҫǳس黵ˣúķѸԴȥҽΡ
ѡҽεĻȻҲԡ˰˳ɾûˡ
΢ˣһ£èèŽȥء
ͺùƸţѡʵġϵͽ٣ȻȻ塣
˳ݵʱǽСƺ͡˼ϴ
Ͼ˼ƷʿҲǺҪġ
Ĺܼңתһ룬ɴཫԭõЩ͵Ļ˻ȥ
ƯӯЦ⣬ȻĿ˵ţһжҪĻ̫װĹܼ𣿶ǸĹ£ҲԸһأװĸ˹
˹ٿȻۡ
С˰佱ĻһŰĹܼȻЩ⧲
˺һ󣬲Ժͻò˼ӦˣۺʱεأԸԶҪġ
㶨
һɡ
ؼĹܼûǽḶ̌Ϳŵʿѵˡ
ʱƽūǣʱ֪ӽƻǾҪһѵ߶¡
սǽٰҲǻòа
ǰۿˣûʽսأߵƽΪȽŶòͷҵԼĽֺͷϣ۵ҽеġ
̫ΣգҲ̫ˡ
Ҫ֮ǰȺǿֲģĻҲˡԼϡ׼ˡ
ôĿǰɳﾭ֤ġ֮ǿս
˼һСȻѯʹܼң˹ڻʣ¶ٿң
˹
ڵɻũūǣֵ¶һ̲ͣԶЩĲɡ
еĵضꡢӲҲ
ζţǱؼϢһˡ
ūشһС췢¡
ʵ̫ˡ
ҴûмôõˣΣʱ󣬻ȫؼҶ
Щɺ޵ǿǴģҺöûɼˡ
һŸ߹ĵʱֻ˺ٵӣŸҳûɡ
ǵʱ϶Ҳ˰ɣ϶ڷ⣡
ôôĽҴû˵ȴۿɵؾһ¾ͰѲǸɱˣ
ôãΰèèȻӻ
ҲսʱҲ㱻ŵȥˣ
֪»ĻһҲȥġôΣյǿ
ΰèèᱣӵ£龰Ҳ̫ˡ
ɵǰŵڷŭǳʲôɣΥİ
Ҳõʧ´εĻѵһҪؿŵȥôΣյĵط𡭡
ѰūǳѾʼ´ʱô족
סڳǱСտС¶ˣҲȻе¡
ΪչЩԽԽáҲԽԽѿסСӣ쵱Ȼǳ鲻ʱȥŵķ̵ġ
˵ǿŸʱԭսͱõר̸Լ˰ȫĳǱ
ͬɭϺͼһȫֻܹԹԵصȴϢ
˴ȫʤʱҪϲػһ̾ͱϳϢųһ亹
Щޱȿȵ˵ʲô˵ʱӡɢʥâ͵Ĵ󽣵Ļ
֪ΰèèµ񷣣ҲһΥȥ˵ģ
뵽λĵĴ˻˵Ļ棬¶ʹÿҪˡ
Ӣġǵġΰèè񰡡
¶ڵϣһߴضŸ֪⼸ķ粨أʳСʳÿĵĳǣһš
Ը⸶һдۡõ˰ɡ
¶գգۣ᲻֪ؾžžવص
֪İʱľ¶һԵصĻ档

ܵʵľˡ
ЩɰСǣòǳ˰ɣ


64 
¶ôŵĨ, ȷϹǵ״󣬲ڷġ
ȷʵСǰʱ, ͸оһֻֻĶǳ档
̫ܶʱڳʲôġ
пչͨ¶Ϊʲôˣ
ҪһǿСŮ, ͻȻ¶һĿģҲܻᱻ
¶صͷѵ˵ʵΪΪ컵ʱҾȻûȥˡ
ͬܵɭҲͷ, Ȼ϶ԼǸ޳ܵˡ

ȻϰԵ΢Ц, ĺÿȴ͸ã
ԼɸӵСŮֿ˿ԭ΢һū
ڸ˹ŵǵȷƵŵĽ塣
ūǰ, ô, Ƚǿ׳, ɣ
ȻжɭҲ, ¶СŮҪͦԼ, Ǽֱܸɳ¡
ΰèè񽫻ͽ, ǵĳǷ߹󡣡
ǵԼֹܲһҪԳս, ҲΪչҳϵū, ˵ڵĻȫƸڵoҲѾ, Խǵõèèľ˵, ڵõʹǰ, ԽҪȾϿĿ, 𣿡
¶ƽʱõ޷ƿߵˣʱǻɢڵʥâ
ǡ
¶ͻָеЩ߳ܡ
˵ĶǶԵġ
һ֮ǰǸҪʴȵèèܶôõһЩͺˣԸ˳Ŀ顱ͷԵÿ޴ˡ
ѽֻô¸ˣͨϿĿ飬Ϊʥʹߡ
뵽Ͳع񣺡Ըΰèèٹ⣬Զҫ𾴵ˡ
ĿǰҪ񣬾ǿ˺ЩСضţǷǳҪ񣬾Բܵġǿèèǻۣϣɰסϣ
ǡϣһӡ
ͽ¶˵ʿİڳءߴߴУܿ뿪˼ᡣ
⼸¶ΨһעģǼٷʱ䡣
ûʲôԤ֪ΣܾãȺĶӵǿţʻġ

ʶؿϷ30ҡ
óջ㲻ҵĳɷ־ȻõϵͳϿɣսС
ӰҶּʳƷҡԼ۱ߵĻѪʳ֮һˡ
ǿʣµһٺţһٺˣͲӵҵŷ׺30ҵԼܵס
Ҳڵһνʽġս״̬󣬲ԿԼѪĳ֡
ܿͺá
ĸ´ɳǲֻܵĲʲܶ˿֪λʹѾɱͷǹ׼
Ŀø˹ʵĲǸſֲ޽ðĽֱֲħĻһʱŵֻ뵽ܡ
һ졢Ϊ·˺üýƣһ˲ܶ¾͵ӪϢ
һ̻ϴĸһۿĿֲ
ܶθڵţ£ʲ˵˵ղǸʲôģڷ⣡һͿ˸磡
˹ʲֵǿ׳öģҲǿˣ
˹ʣȻᱻһѲ֪ɫ޽ǶԸһֻСһɱˣ
ʲɫҡҡͷû˵
ʣµǿĻ̻̣µľɳǸµĵ׷
ֻһŵģƵȺʶˣڴһ󣬾ĵơֻһװŪֶζѡ
̫ܲŵ˵ıϾԼĴ𰸣ܶ˽˹
˵Щ

ƽʱΪܲǿһֱӵŵһ¼
֪ԼõĻˣңʱԶһ㶼Լжϡ
ŵܵĲ󣬲ʲܶһֵۣϿƵİŰɡ
Ƿۣ
ܶɵظš
ǵģŵλĻɣʱޱż޲㵸ؽнͣۿ˭ֻҪϵ·Ϳ˹Ƿۣҹ﷢өһĹ⡪
ǣʲĿֱǼһɲҹʲôө棬ڰ췢Ե˭ܿĹ⣡
ΪǷ̫ټˣûݳ޵ضãŵһҧҪͿһЩâ϶ǿң
ЩǰĻһʶеġǷۡʵ׷ۡ
ŵżǣô䷢ģλ춼ʼ¶ɣʲôͶûиǷܵذˡ
ŵʧ뿪󣬲ʲȴһ±ˣ˼ܶܶΪ˵滰𣿡
Ҳ֡ܶ˵ţǸļһӵĻĲºΪʲôûܵľˣ
Ҳûп类ʱӡʲҲ˵еʱѾˡ
˵ɱǴܵġʹ˵ôֻǸ쳣Ľˡ
ʵϣڴͻȻɱǰһֱռϷġ
ҪʹĴڣΪʲôԶԶؾɱǣҪʿһΣյĿսͻȻ֣
ʲܶɫ˺ܾãǿе𾪵ľ
Ҫɱɡ
ûʲôʹܶţôôܱǸڵĶһ߳ǣֻܻعطǰѽйŹֵĵطҲֻһȽϴˣסһϣ
ʲҲ˻ûǶˣЩƽһֻٵÿĸʿгģǸ챻񵽲϶ģǵʱӣҪĻɱôˣͻᱻˣôܵȵ죡
ҪǵʱǱĹ͸˹ʵͻȻŵŵĻ˵Ѿռˣ
ǿ¶ɣţ֪ҪҪָʾ
ǺҲûѡˡ
ΪҪǳͨǿһ壬Сۡû֤ûгǳṩӻ㼸ܰǰסϽ̼ˡ
ǿţ
Ҳ˵Է᲻ˣһȺ붫ص֮ͽǿŵӰӶҲ
ǲŻǲţӵһȺäŵ׷ߵĲʲܶĺ£Ҳòӡ
ʱˣӦǷʱɣ
ֹ۵롣
ʲܶʣµǼʮŶͽһ·һһ߳ɸ·
Ȼ֪λ֮ǰЩԥġߡҲڽܹĵرսš
²ʯΧʵʵشš
ūƽǣʿǵĴ£ʼ˻ܺͽѵ
¶
˹սǵעСˡ
עŵİһĴ߲鿴ȣһóңڷϷ


65 
ˣ˿, Ա׼Ĺ巽ʽŵز´մһν֪֭ˡ
һߵĸ˹ͨĿʿ΢΢ƫͷʾȥ, ҪŸ߹Сò͡
, ¡
ʹ˺͹ܼôɵΪԼղֳĽŸе
֮ǰūǶ˳ȥǰ, ţƽҲ, ˣǸϴһɡ
ƽǵΣҲбūȨ
ν߶ͣɳһе߹, ϿԼˡ
ͬΪܹײĸ, ƽǵսٵ¡аµɡҲܳΪγеɡ
ڲУһ߹Ħ
㲻ѧַ, Ҳܶɡ
һΣʵûдƽսƴɱ
ƽ׹ԿʲôġֲǺ̫ǡ
, ԸǲΪͿ⡢ҲȻĻ뷨, Ǳûнͷκˡ
ˡ
˵, ϣڳǱĻĹܼ, ̿˵»һΥľٶ, ˹
ܼҽĴ΢, ֳ֡˳Ļȡ
С񣺡Ӣϻ۵, 𾴵ĵ¡

Ǳ, ڵرƽǿŵȻ޴ӵ֪ġ
ŸʽıвΪӵʱ̫š̫Ǳ, ֻʱ֦ΪݡʵϡϡļƣɶϮ
ȻǲŽǵͬĳţһۿǰʱڵĽһ˸ߵʯˣȦһء
͸측˷϶ؿЩĵϣһЩˣֲһЩģªķݡ
˵ǻĵأҲ̫ԾôһӲݺʯûУ
ãʱ˫Ѿ˸ϳ˱˴˵ݣǣ
ôˣ
߷Ӧ졣
ǿϳЩĻĵؾ񡢾Ȼǲżǲõ˺󣬵Ȼϲġ
޴ģ
ʲЦţҲżǰˡ
ȹ󣬵һʱ½ǰµʯΧãýȳǵˣʲôţ𣿡
ԲͼԼĵĴûزĹ壡
ΪԼ²ĲȫˣȻʣô࣡
ܶҲ鼫ãЦţλĹ̫ȱ֣ǿСȵ˶ɱɣ
ˣȻԼĸڶԷµʵ
ԽԽɱһȷľˡǰһٶ˾ȳս˲ǰõɳǣͱһǳ򵥵ˡ
ɱǱǸĲƱǿŸ߹ƯĽԴգ縴𡭡
ʲȫֲ֮ǰʧģ
ô£
ʲù⾰﻽ģܶͷʡ
ʶƺѾ˺ܾˡ
ܵ߹ȥ鿴ֻԼĲ±׾ضʯΧô򡢵Ҳûƿһӡ
ǡǸ˵ĸͰ͵ػش𣺡ĺܽʵܼӲ
ǵҪǽ͵ìȴֻһѹʯͷĸӻش
һȺ˰죬˱Ū˫۷鷢⣬˾Ȼ˿
˵Ǳˣľ¸񣬶û⵽ƻ
ǹʺûԷ𣿣
Ͱ͵Ľȣʲŵغһ䣬ֿʯΧͷɪӽҵǰ²ǣæǲˣԹԸүѥū𣿣
ֻȺؼʱ͵Բͷ߿ĥĥǼˣǱֵĸӣԳǵΧصȥ
ѣ
žµĽ飬ʯײ˲䣬ŷ춯˼ǣ
ʲȥʱû
ݾҲһ˲ʵط˻
ܶ𾪵ĿŸ統ҽȻһһסģһ߶ʹ໽ţҲȻˡ
ʲֻøֶ챻ˣðŻŵص۶ûΧģⶼЩʲô
ûôʵʯϡǱ黹ҪӲ
ò֪ġôôõʯ޽ΧΪ˹Ѻ׽ķ²Ƿˣ
ʥʹΰèèΪµ
ǿŶɲ֪ôʱһֱĬͽǿˡ
ΪǰǿųԱɳǵķ²ǣһľګ͸η͡ȡ
˵ʲô
һЩǿɰͰ͵˵š
ǿյͬ飬ȴǸеǰδеëȻ
Ҫ˷Լʱˡ
˵ԭһ˿ӳȥĻ
Ŀ˱λһ¡ȴһǿ׳ǿæͷ󺹡Ҳһ϶ʱǾͳ׽ˡ
λʹӵеģܵµǿ
ҡҡͷٻش⡣
ǿ
Ź˶̶̼죬Ϳǵ̬ʵں˲еľ
ˣѾϵĲʲܶҲ
ٹŹ֣ҲֻǲᶯҲ˵ʯ˶ѡ
ȻᵽʯļӲ̶ȣʲȻţⲢܴʲô
ӵô䵽ɵ³
ΪʲôҪĳǱΧʯԼȦסһȺ²
ǿѹĵĲʲܶܿġ
ȻһүūͲùˣߣ
ʲţǿǰͬʱÿܵսƷˣʲôӽģֻмʿȫ׸ķƽҪǴλᣬлرˣɾֲˣǿǹ빫жֻ䣬Ŷٽӡ
ʵǷĸԸߵһǿǣҲûѡˡ
ʲŽǰĲƸǲ۵Ȼ̵ֳ̰Ĺ⡣
ǰ
ǸĿ𷢵ƯкǸܻӶֲ޽ɱִڡҲֻһ˶ѡ
ʹ㾫µףѩϸƤϸ·һ۾Ͷϵֽš
Ǵ˵СֻҵĹӴƸһҪռݡ/ջ
ɱ/飬ԵǿǣΪܲĿ־壬Զֲ̰Ͷǿ
ԳŵΧסǸӵйƯкĿ޺ʱ
٣ʲôأ
ǰͷȻͣ£úЩĲɵһǱײȥûñ˵
˷ʱǻûʶǰѾ˻㱵״̬
ǰ治Զվһˡ
ϴڱòĶ񣬶һװĵ֫޳ȳơ
ͶһСӰȴûиǹϷŵǲ͡ȴԵɫΡ
ڷ⡣
ƽʱ˰΢бĲý𷢡򱻼𣬱¶û覴áѩ°ӡ
üǽɫģ۽Ҳǽɫģɶͦõ廨ĺòþĶǡ
òͬעĿģǱϸγտɫ
ˣ
΢ͷʯƵ۾͸ŵɻ
ֱǸܽ˿ɰڻС
ǿǶ̾òͱһٶǵûƤ񶼷ˡ
ûǵһֵѩ׸첲ֻ΢һᣬȻûѰͰǱ˿ͷƤľ޽Ľ⡢ǳǳʯط
ϵɫһܱ˪ѩһĮƽƽƽִԲĶͽͽؽʹǺܾˡ


66 
赭дһ仰, ȴĪǿסˡ
ݣֱǾħһ, ֻؿֳɫؽ̬꣬ŵس
Ǵ͵վ, űһĲʲܶʱˡ
Ȼ㲻ΪʲôпܾǱΪʹĴ壬ΪʲôѡֱǣϴԡѪսʿȴĬ, ׺λá⿴ǵĹŹ״̬Ǿ͸оá
׳գʲôһɱֵߣڶƯĽͶĵߺ, ͹ʹرˡץס
ֻҪǱŹŹֵֹĽ, ó, Ҳûʲôɾµˣ
ɺڲԷĻ, ʲĿ̰а
ȻǸϴ󺰴С˳ǿ˵ĻһȻƽĲ, Ȼȴݵ˷Ӧ
״̬, Ѿ͵һλӽǰȫͬˡ
ʱָʵЧ, ҲһֱصѪ, ż˺ȥͬʻ
ǰ, 裬ΪĿ˸˹ʿս˵Ļ, ӽһ̺ԥһĻ, ҲȻе˳ѹ֡
ȴˡ
̵ʶ, ԼȻޣԶǿ
ӵпɰֵıͽָӵѪʾܿҵʳظѪʡ
ȴһֱ˹˽رţвҲޱط׳һС
ǲ˼顣
һ죬Źȥһµʱ䡭ѾҪıˣҪסĶ
ЩѪأһոµķݺͲ̳ʯС·Ϊļ׼Ĺ㳡ʵŷġèè񡱣ĻؽַŽ̸
Щۣ΢ۣǰţ΢Ц
ƭ
ǷĵţĴһλȫ֪ȫܡԸӻ͵ͽġèè񡱡
ԡ
ʧ
롣
ûͳ׳Ϊλְ˰ɡ
˵ע£λʥһ¹ɵġսʿ΢΢
һ
ԥӵĵȺӳ˶ߵĵһ
Ŀתؿźŵĵһһֱָ߬Ϊ׷ĸ˹ų³һ
û֪ηղŻΪ־
ס࣡
ͺһȴҲ࣬һС˴ȥǱ
һֱһٶˣȻ̵ġ
Ϸıṩ˴ĹԼӳɣؽܲ͸ʱϽṩٶ棬ܻһгϮķ
һ棬ǰǿ۾ţѾѪ˽ꡣ
ȵѪų΢΢㿪ӽȴûһ˿һͣ١
͸˹ʿĬĿȷڸղŷʩĲʲϡ
Ƭ̲ͣػŽһƬ֫ϱۺѪɽУװܿ챻Ⱦ졣
ȻǱǿľ޽ϣȴһѪûմϡ
ôصĽڿ˳ȴûһ
һ߳󺰴еش߶˽ĲʲţһҲգسؽ
տɫĽӨ͸ںҫ۶ĿڱٵزϻӶʱܼĲӰһкֱµıٲ
ޱη壬ǿҲֻӲͷƤ
ǾǣԼײǵλðɫٲ˲䣬ֻһĽײһȫ޷ľȻϮһ¾ͽǻ˳ȥ
ǰǿҪôؽɱҪôҵͷɡصںϡ

ǻûͷĿѣ״̬ѣͷΪ˲ִټҲ̤عǶѵĲҽ
ʲܶؿȫԤһĻ
̫Զ
ǲǰʹధؿ˺ܾãͷƤǲγѵȡһߺţһ߶ɿ쳯ǽӽǵտӰȥ
ȻļʸսӽǵӰͱѸӻصؽɡ
ǰһоһʹ̫Ȼصļͷ
ǳױˡ
ߣߣ
ʲҲ޷ĵĿ־壬ʧصش󺰴˳ͬʱŲתͷҪвܡ
һǿҵԤСҪȥĻȫģ
ǿҪԼٴ֮ززü˹
ûҲһЩǿǿֻֿʿǽˡ
˹ӦɿƳһŵǡ
ŵص˵ͷ
һ̣˹һ㣬ʿȥ
ܵĹܼ׷˳ȥһ¶˴롣
ŵȻԼߡΪĹĲǰģ϶ǲһġ
ۿٴζܣʣµʮǿĶ־Ҳһɢˡ
ȿֺسȥʵӲģᣬǱضڵϱʾͶ
֮ôҲĴ
û⿿˫ܵĻӳȥ
˲׷ǣһƬߡԼûʳ£ΪҰϮȥһ·ϡ
ɴ˵
лŵǿ̲ס˸ոտġȺڼ̵ò˼ʯΧУ״̬Ȼǰͬǡ
ץ
ȷһǿҲֿ󣬰ͣ˻ӽĶ
ת֪ʲôʱֵֹгʱȵĿעԼƽǣԼ̡
ǿǸûĻ
ǱЩԼ￰ƽǣһ廨һ·Ͻ˳Ǳҵġ
ûмŻȥǱС
˼һƬдڵطĵصȴǰȥ׷ĸ˹ˡ
£ŵǹصϥ£
Щٶ۵գգۣͼӹʱʶԼС󽣡
ѹָղŻᱻעӡ
ؽͽָ򴽣¶ǳЦĻȣӹ
Ϊ˲õ»Ĺܼ̫ģŨصѪҲţǳѪûɵʱ򣬺ؽմϵȫɾˡ
ŵǵвԾش˳ԡ
ǿۻѪҺһһشϾϲȥУǷȥһžʯϵĳ
ʵͷҲմ˲٣ʱ˲ˡ
ȹܼһһسǱɡ
ʱ䣬ɴϷϵͳṩĽȷһȫ̶ûմһѪ
ԼȻһ㿴ɣҲƵѪսһͨġ
ϵѪǵ˵ģҲϵ˿ڵġ
ˮò룬Ͼиɻ
ߵĵ̫࣬ܿĻӽ϶һսѪʣ֮һҡ
Ϊһǻɡ
롣
ǣŵ۵ĿУŵֻ˲֣ͺȻƾձһңȻµ


67 
治ɫźص, ŵʿ棬Ӳҡ
ӲģЩճ
Ũζɬһ, һıըƣڿɢ
еζٶ, ֱһĥ
Ƥ¡
ɿؽ˼£ǿԼȥ
£
ŵѸٷӦϽˮңҴææطϣҪ𣿡
š
Ӧ, ü˺üˮŻ˶ںͷǹɿֲζ
ɿüͷһѪ˿һӦȴǺɫضŵǣ߸˹
, Ѹٲ䣺κ˶˵ɲһЩᰮҡִԡ
ڸտʼʱ, Ϊ򡿵ȼ, żҲһЩ
Ȼֶˣ塭
ÿοԴǵʤ޵ľֵָ, е
оһΣûܵסҪ˷ѡջ, ͼ
Ȼͷ˺һ塢򴽱ʱ, ͱһֱڱ϶ŵĸ˹ˡ
԰һһԼ̵ӥܼ, Щһŵûɢ
Ҳһǰ, Ȱ˶ʲôСˡ
žδĸ˹, ֻźˡ
ܿ췢ֻ֣ҪζʳһӴЩڰ⣩, Ȼ޷Ϸϵͳĸ״̬, ֵָܻġ
ǾûٶЩһ֪ζĺˡ
, ҵ£ʺϱĵĹܼ֪
˫ЦӯӯƯ۾ţŵȴĪеǿѹȸУͷǣ¡
Զỳ븣˹ҳϣŵǡ
سһ䡣
ԼѾȬ˿ڣ͸ˡ
ܿ죬˵ĶϾңңˡơ
ˡ
˼¶˲õЦݣѭȥ
ʿſӰӳʱȴɵýסˡ
˹ϵһֳ֣ɴںŵĽϡ
ð͵ģȻǸ˹ı飬ҲǿλʿԸŵǼƥ
Ǽ֪ʲôʵ˩ԣʱһЩˮεġԲ״Ʒ
桤ͷĹܼȫȻ֪С˳ʱҵս
ԶԶؿûüе죬ûнʮʱͣ¡
ʿǷϥ¹ɳر£ܵǿѾȫˡ
˵ǳʤ׷ƵǿˣѵصľбֻҪԵȵ£˹ʤȯյġ
ֻǼűĿͷµƿߣĿⶨڸ˹ϣݸһЦҴӲڵҴӲҵҳϣ˹
ʿ۵עУ˹һĴ΢΢£ܿסˡ
۵עֻӰɾ϶ٵմȾѪ۵СˣҪڣͱеİȿڵȻȥɡ
ɻûأҪϴһѪٶԷ²д̡
֪С˾ȻΪ˵Լĸ˹ۿһ̣ǣ¡

α²ģһ31ˡǿֱɱսˡ
δǱ廨һ·קţֱؽ͸⡢ʪΪֹ
ϵʹľŹȥǱŭرԹţ
ǿԼǰ汻ȶţֻǵļʿȥ׷ƻĲʲܶ˳Ѿɹܵˣ
֪ǱĲʲĻ
ۿֶˣǹʺ
һųȥһҪǵԴָ⤣
ǶǱǺˣģ
Ȼųȥ
٣ҿ类ץЩһﲻǻúúõҪǹүѥܻȥҲԸ⣡
ҿ֪ĴֱĽֺͷɡ
ģ˵Щˣ֪Ǵôǣ
ԳĬķʽʾó·ʽڸ飬²ǿǶĬԹһ⡣
ǾǷĵظе־ǰѾ޽ԼӽǸˡ
ǸеǣԼûη̫ãǺܿͱޱñӴߴţŸĽ̼ܡҲׯ԰ͥȥ
ʱķͥѾūƽΧ˸ˮйͨǵʱһ߹˳ظÿ˵·һó޵Ŀǡ
ʶһ㶼۵ɣȻҲôˣ
Ⱥϵǵǰľǣ
ȺȻ
ҿΰèèǶҪǺˣ
ǣȻ˺ˣɱǣ
ɱǣ
˵̫ˣŹô˺󣬷Ǹӵˣ
һҪɱǣ
ūû飬ֳŹµѹȣȥҲ
Ͷıߺ޵Ŀ⣬ȴ㹻ɱǿͷƤ顣
ǣҪ˺͹ܼڳţЩŭȺ˵ҪǷͶʯˡ
Σȫһ
ƽʱԻǣʱֻһԵŲӣͼＷȴë
⡣
ǰһЩӻǮʱҲΧ۹һЩסĵùϽ̼ܵ龰
ūʵǺٻȥĻ棺ǵѾ㹻⣬ʹҲ͵öͷϡ˲۶ϵһ˲䣬֮ǰʵԶǵҪá
ֻһЩе÷ŵƽרȥ˷ܵشкá
ּǧūһƽһֵóŭһ޲ð̻Ŀֲ棬˭е֪Ϳ־塣
ϴȫȨ˹ͬεİλϣضһС
ǿʱʶ²ãʼŤŶأҲֵܻһķˡ
Ⱥ׼ǿʱʼزˣɫġ
˺ǵĶͽȻһ˿һ
³ޱȵקһصˤƽϡ
ģ
޲һˤøоͷ˼޵òǿһȺ˷ߺ޵Ŀסˡ
Ⱳӻûôĳܹô
ֱ£ɪţͷ£۵͸Ѫͳ޵Ĺ⡣
ܱСӹ塰⡱ĻһšЩ˵ԴΪģ
޲תЩѪͷʱ˹ޱؿˡ
ӵġǿ˵֡
޲أ
裬ݵ״̬ηηػشţ롢𾴵ĵģˡ޴Ĺɣһᡪ
ŵ洫һرЦ̲ס
ģ
ЦţƯ۾ȴûһ˿һ¶ȣΡ
޲סˡ
ʲʲô
oʴȣֻͽһһٵ˵ţҡġĶҲֻ͡ҳϺ¸ҵ񡣡
㡣
ҡҡͷ˵ֻһΪ̰˽˵أ˲Ʋģ޿ɾҩıӶͽѡ
ûбеʸ
Ҳ޲
һ̣ǿŸǿŽƻ̵ֲԴһػµµعڵء


68 
ڶνԼصȺǿ, һʴȵóǰδеǿӲ̬ȡ
֮ǰ˵ģⲢһС
һͷβġΪ˺ɵ̡
ͷǿôʹģǱŭ, ǰֻ޹̼ܺѪǣչ黹˶ӯһ
ǿЩȨıնףӷǱ˽̼ܡ
Χ۵ūƽǼؽźą̃Ͽ޺, Ѫɺӡ
ڷǼͷʬ壬ס֫ϣڽİﱻŤɣΪĻ̥ǿŵ塣
ǿʬ
Ϊ˷ֹɰ, ֮
̽ʱѾ͸ˡ
ȻȻʴȵġŹôɵˣЩνɵǿ, Ҳûøп̷ȥĥ, ǸǸɴ
ǿۼڰΪūûнн·ϵɾĵ˿Ǹū˫֡
һЩŮƽΪλƽԿظ˵Թһλƽ񣬶Ͱλ๳̷
Щձɵǿ²λū, ӦܸϿĳͷ
ص˳ǱС
Ѿϴһ, ڹ̽, ̲סϴһΡ
һ, ˸ʱ䡣
ֻ߳ڵԡʱ, ȻüоǹŨصѪζƲȥ

һ죬ĬڴϣϰԽвèϷȡ˻
ʶ
Լıˡ
һǰںϼ䣬ᱻڽ̼ϵġɡŵζû뵽ڲúһȡһٶ
ǿͷ䣬ͽ͵ؾڲϵ֫ŤؽдʱĶӲġ
˵һ߷ʱҲû˿ԥ
ò
Լ
һŲƽȡѹȺͿ־ʱ
ҪǲϿֶδЩˣǼͬݡ˶ؽӶϴ١
ʱٵвͲⲿڲˡ
һλֻмλʿػŵĹԼҪĲƲ޷ȥôָܵηء
ʥˡΪƢºͣʹﷸҲȡκϿĳֶΣη𾴣ⲿ衣
෴ǣһλΪƢȴΪĲп䱩ö˸Ҵ
ӵи֮ǰֻˡ
ٴͨ󣬳ƽһЩ
ƸŻشͷڴϣĬر۾
Ľһ˲㵯˳
ؿְҵֵܵ͵ȼ˱䶯
Դ5󣬾ͱޱȻġũˡڼѵ6һ3䷽
ֻϧ3䷽ʱİԶɲó
ԶˮУҪһ龫ʯӢ
ܺãûС
ΪҲȱūȵĹ
ڡľΧҪһӲľȻѾһǧһܲӲľû
ݹڡ䷽ȻҪӲľ
ѾȷˣȻʱͲϣҲƵЧʵûбҪרһ
Ȥع䷽壬ٽĿͶˡսʿְҵܡ
ͨսսʿһᵽ2ˡָ롾ָҩˮ䷽
ƽĶۣƵǺö֪Ҫҵ졾ָҪ25ݹ⣡
εؿˡָҩˮҪĲϡ
ҪҪôûСҪôȱԴ䷽ָͬҩˮԱȽϼ򵥣ֻҪֲͬ͵ľͿˡ
ЧҲͨṩֵֵĻָһܴĲࡣ
ܼ֮ܶߡ
ʧȥоǵȤ
ֻڹ֮ǰʶšҪٽԾèξͺˡ
ͷһӿ֣㷺˲õĽ⡣
еȣһ˲ѾϤҵĴˡ
ס
ȵգգۡ
ġ͵ص㡱ԽԽˡҪкܳһʱܽֱӳſڸ֮УڸǸɴֱӽͶŽ
뵽ͷķȥ
Ȼ
ǵѾ൱Ϥġӵһ˫ë׵ůèĽɫѾڴͷŵˡ
䡭ţʱĿڣ˼ع˳õЦݣЦеſ˫ۣ𣿡
ȵ飬ȴٴηˡ
ϻٻʱȻŤŤҲ裬ջʵʵعܰè꣬ȴûһ
Ȼڴͷһӯɵ̬һ
˵һֲȫȷ
ٰؿˣ˫Ӳӵġ͸˵ë޸еС䣬ɿزһ¡
ڷƢ顣

գգۡ
֣ͼֻèèעһغ˵ţװèè񰡣ҳϵͽɰĶˣԸ⽫ʹ͸𣿡
èֶ˶ƺЩĶ
ȴûй
ɻʱ˵k̵ġȴڵĻش

¡


ţһȻûеȵġ
׷ʣʲô

ϲ
ЩС

֮ǰĻ棬kٴγǹζ
˵šϣټ㡱˼㡱ۻȴһ̰ѵkЦӯӯȥЩĳ
kԭָܻ㹻İͽٴμˡ
ȴΪǻȥĿɬһֱе
ڰﻹˡ߶𵴣ֱھ۳ɡ

ԼèèҲôԴ
ûϵʱôܲɼϸڣʵºǶȥ
è겻˦˦ȥĳβͣٿֻʱ΢΢ƫǵȴʲôĶ䡣
ֻƬ̣ʧЦؽǰ㣬ǵؽĽ鱧סˡ

kһ
£һˡ
ڰ𰸼ֱһĿȻġ
رʾԼڳԴ׵èèȲϹֲߣװع۲ˡⲻǰȥ
ϲСΪСµΪṩõʳ
ȻǶξСèĽĵؽš
ڷŵκȻԸԳ˫¶΢̡ë׵Ưè
ʱˡ
ɤ˵ŽoԵͷת򡢺޵װèèѽǵȻǲһġʲôҲΪҲȻϲ㡣
˵⻰ʱҲʵ⡣
Դ׵ԸãҷƢèȻɰèˡ
ôèҲֻܴԼ˰ɡ
ҵģϵoУİͽ΢Цţգ˫տջ۾˵kޱȳĻңȴѽ


69 
ɫ, ǻϡ衣
һãȻڴ
Ÿеλá
ȻʾȻʱ仹úܡ
Щط˻, ʶͻȻڰҹƺǸߣèĺйء
΢΢ƫͷһèſɰצӵĲƸţ𣿡
û뵽, ԼèִţѾϷϵͳ޷Ƶĵزˡ

ǡ

ڰ֪£Ÿո뿪ңԶ˿϶Ĵ𰸡
ܻ̫⡰ɬ͡ʡԱȽϸӵУڡˡ, oȴѾк̵ˡ
İͽkܸˡ
ͽ˵kҲܸˡ
ͽŵkĶ䣬˵ϲkĻ, kˡ
ڵkҪ黹¶ʱ, ȴѾҵõkϲˡ
õkĸпյǣΪ̫ˣŻٴ޷׼ؿ
ɵk۵ʱɢṩһͽ갲ȫŵȶˡ
ǰ죬ڵĵkõ˸֮Ҫǿࡣ
ֻҪϰ, ܳ׻ָˡ
, kİͽ档
뵽, kеһǿҵ֪Ļϲ
Ȼһ, k˵Ѿ, Ҹɴȥ¼ɡ

˿ֻ֪Ļɵèè񣬰ڱèһо󣬾ȥῴ
ǿϮ£ȻÿҲȥתһȦѳԽԽҲԽԽëסСһ飬ǴͶעĹġ
ʵϣСķѾһܰ룬Ǹüѵĳɹʱˡ
뵽㽫èèĵŻشͷ

Ҫ
Ҫȥ

ȫȻ֪͵´İɷ¶Ŵвè˵װèè񰡣ʵͽҪΪë׽̵Ĺ׳Ŭˣ뱣Ұɡ
k
΢ϴһº󣬾ͻ·׼ȥˡ
¡
һ򿪣¶ŵЩԾ
йһº֪ˡҹȥ׵ջ񡱵ľŵǻǶСµͻȻָе졣
Ϊʱ˴Щԭ
뵽㣬ŵǿۺҪΪʲô𾴵ĵ¡
ֻȥһ£΢ЦŽͣһҪŸ˹ม
ֻǶ̶һͶҪһҪס˹¡
ŵǸоͷһͬʱҲе˱صĽ
ףˣ¡
˽Ųʾ;
һ·ţǲ뾪˹ܼϢ
ϷϵͳʣֻҪǡϢˣܰٷְٻ
˹ȴһ
չʮĸ˹ѾƵˡ
Ȼ԰ԣ˹ȫǳƵֵ׳ꡣ
׳꣬ҲгϢʱ䡣
ܿŵµǱײ㣬ᳵ·ƳȣֱȦƬ׵ȥ
¶ҹﶼѡֵķʽֵģպɭ
Ϊ˴򷢾⣬һ߲ʱ飬һּСľڱƽСϻʲôżͣ˼һ
ŲӽʱΪϣͷҲص˵ôˣûеһʱ
ôū
ܱѹˣǵϤϵͻȻڶըǽɭŵ
£
ʧعˡ
û£ɡ
ֱ˸ ƣֹ˶Ըղʧɭ¶õŵǼѣЦת˻⣺ֻһС𣿡
ССһжܺã¡ɭĿİ˵ţȻǾδӣ뿴ʲôأ
ףŴ򿪡
ɭƬ̵󣬸ϽŴˡ
ᵱĽǹūϸհָʾġ
һ򿪣վڽİظо
ǣﲢûвκŵζ
֤ͨãҲܼʱ
úܲ
ԼĿ佱
һܳɭлŵǵȼվڼǰ˳ţѵܼϢ𣿡
ﱾϲڸߴ㣬ܼ޵ļܼٶȽΪʪĵĽӴͬʱ˸𱻵ķȾշĿܡ
ǵģ¡ܶٴνӴλþ˵ĵ£ɭĶ̲סֱŵػش𣺡˭ֵÿ϶ҪȷûмſڵϢ
ÿطмΪ͵ΪûλãֱſڵʱǶὫ׽Żܼϣȷϰߡ
š˵ͷ㲻ͬˣ°ɡ
˵꣬ŵߵ˽żķء
⿿¹⣬ȻǲġȻشˡèèĽָŽָЧ巢Ĺϸ鿴ŵ
ɭĶˣԹԵæ¡
ҹɵˣСǶ˯ˣҹҲеɵʱ̡
ͨЩʱ䣬ܽѧ֪ʶ³ʱá
ɭĵȴУܿŵǻˡ
ȷ˼£뼦׵ϵӲݱСٵɾ͸ֳʶʣʲôˡ
Ǻܵ͵Ĺ󡪡ʱʵķܱ֤ٶȿɸСʳٶȡ
󣬾¶˵¡
ȻԽֱӽɭû
¶ĿǰܹܡȻǸʱǸ涼츳СŮȷúܲġ
ɭĿǰ¶£Ϊά¶ţͲöԷԽ¶
ԽԽˣСʱͷΧӣһҪǽ㹻ء΢Ц˵ô裬پˣҸղſľڵϻдʲô𣿡
ɭĽŵ©һģϽͣ𾴵ˣǳǸңֻ¼ѧĶ
ʴˡ
ֻǡǰĹһ֪ūʱ̻عƽʱյ֪ʶĻܻ֡Ϊɣݺݵسһٵġ
ɭζûǣ̹ףֻ΢΢ףĿ˵ϴҾͿڼ¼˵ĻȻǶǰƽ񣿡
ɭֻؿһ̡
˲ǵʩڰɭӵĶ¾ȹĶݣȴǵ¶͵͵¼İ취¡
ôõˡ
ǵģ¡
ŵı£ɭǰδеϥ£ȶע
ɭûо˵ūԭ򣬵Ҳܲµó
룬ūԭľѾı䣬ûҪټɭ¶ĺԱ
øǵĺô͸ǡ
ɫص˵ͷֱ˵ظ˳ŵɭ𣿼ĹԶѣֻҪãҲǳĴ󡣵ȵ죬Ϊ˴׵ˣҲΰèèϲͽֻҪɹͨ׵Ŀ飬ָܻƽݡȻ⣬㹤ɵԽãܻøĽ


70 
ɭ򵥽, ʹŵ뿪ˡ
ɭ㱵վԭأ泯ʧķ򣬴ţһ״ֲڵľ
֪˶, µĶع, ˫ס
ٴ, Ҳ²סϴۿˮ
಻˼鰡ɭ롣
ԭΪԼӱܼĵĥЩ꣬ǱнʣĲƲΪ˻ȡڶһʳ, Ѿˡ
ƽΪū⵽ײ˵ıĺ, ΪϲͬѰūЩԵ޹ʵô
⵽Ĺһͷĳʱ, ᳢Ŷ, ͵͵Թޡһ, ͳľˡ
ɵ²ƽԽԽȥˣôū
Ϊּ, ʳļ۸ԸԼΪ˻ڷԵūҲԽԽࡣ
ϵūǲǼˡ
ϾҪǲõĻ, ֻҪСĴ, ܴӱĵطū
Ψһ֧ɭȥǣֻҪԼһЩ, ٶһЩþǰ˶һЩʳ
ȻҲӺ໴ĺ, Լȥ¸˶áĿŲסˡ
Ҳû뵽, 鱻ĳǳӭʹ, Ҳ˴漣ת
޹޴Ķ±ϳͣūӹԽԽãҲܳ԰˳ɱˣôӭ˲˼ķգӽ¶ĵõĹ
ڸǡ
ΰèè񰡡
ÿǰ̺۵֣ͼԼɭš
Ը׳еֻλõĴˡ
˸ǰ·͸һϣ
ٴλһˡ
ɭĸԸҪһеĶѾص˳Ǳżдֽ˳˼
ɷ¶ײһ¼ȸּƻ
⣬һ˼һʶζëʣȦһЩԷ©Сط
ŵǼΪɳǵôģЩۣйĽ
̷С¡
˲С£
ڰʾ£ûҳ϶Ĭſڡ
Ȼû϶ãͿһװĸ˹ܼҴӽ£ߵǰ
ŵǲɵסˡ
ôСģ˹ˣ
˹һذԳˣĮûһ˿һı顣
ʹŵǣҲֻǱЩ
һ˹Լ΢΢ףŵ⣺뿪ˡ
ȻеЩʧ䣬ŵǻ˳ӵص˵ͷĬĬȥˡ
˹̧֣Ƹӡϱľţβų£ҿԽ𣿡
ȻһϳƺЩ⣬̵ֻءһ
ʵѵõͨҲڵҵĸ˹ڵõȷϵɺ󣬲˼ƿš
Ȼ󡭡˵
£ǣ
ǰ龰˹ѵõɻˡ
Ǳ󵽿ŵտɫİͻȻĹܼ¶ֲʧŵ΢Ц
ؽСţղŴӴڷɽһֻӬЩ
룬ҪèèĴڵĻһ֤
ǲ۲۵ʵ
סݳ޵İڼѬ㣬ȴܴΪʵõĲӬĵġ
ҹ¶ȵ˵óҲɱԽԽˡ
סĳǱȻŴƬũϾ߶㹻ϸ˹ϸĵ׼Ѭ㣬µɻܵóӰ졣
ֱղš
ԭԼ˼·УȴȻ֡Ҵڸʮġˡš
΢һ󣬷һֱŲߣʵ޿ˡ
׼ǸĶʱεط֡ԼͲҵֵġ
ڡŵʿϲӬдŸּƻ⼸ֽʱǡһ취ʱѡߡ
ڱѰ޹£ֱӼ˹Χ㡢ɱҲ㹻ġèèı
׼ֻ֪ĲӬٴνӽԼ˲䣬ԥһ˳ȥ
һӹӬ
ðеֵǣ˵ġˡȻֹʱ˺Եġžડһ
ͬʱһɫСȡ˲Ӭʬ壬ܿص˵ϡ
ʶذǿ鿴ſſĶսϷҪϸ鿴˹ǡþˡ
ǰ龰˹ɫ۾ӹãת˲ֱ
ѵصǰʿһ嵽̨ǰһ˵Ĺţƴ
ܲûпɵĺۼǽšüѯţ£ʸղе˴Ӵ𣿣
ԡ
ɴػشٴеĹܼ΢һЦһֻӬ
˹
̹Ȼ巢ĹܼҴգգۡ
ؽӬСõĳ̶ȣֱɱţˡ
ò˵èèı̫ˡ
ޣװèè񰡣ͨѽԶ㡣
롣
ʹǼʶĹܼңʶСֱʱȻĬ˺һ
֮µԼڴ߰ڶһѬ㡣
Ӭ͡èè˸ѣѯʸ˹˹⣬èһС𣿡
ԭʡ뵽͢ʱҲûҵŪĻ档
ߣôֻèĶֻè˼ˡ
Ͼִèūʱ򣬼ǼֻݵëޡǴһֻӬڷŴһӵġ
è˹ڸղšС񽣿Ӭ滭УһŻش𣺡ָҹû׽Ұô
һôֿ߳ڵèҲһ£΢΢ףǵġ
˹üĿɨԼ
Լۣܳæش𣺡𾴵ĵ£һֻ񶼲ѡɹɵϿգҲµʳúӾʱèҲ𽥲ٳˡ
ûʳӸͻˣ˵ǴһЩļˡ
ĸտʼʱҴЩܿͱð̹ūסڣʦͨˮϹȥһһˡ
ͻȻϵӰ찡
׽С¶Եʧɫ˹ɵرʾҪϲĻȥ׸
Ϊϱߵһǵĸ׸ǣһеġ
Կ£˵ͷãֻɡ
ŵʳԽԽ࣬ԽԽߣºܿŷ
˵ⲻͣҲ֪ǷߣһࡢԲһ¡
ðա
Ϊһߣè˽Ϊɣèһ֣޺ġš
еoڲ׽İͽԺе뷨ʱסˡ
ɫͫʴɢƵĳβͣҲ


Ҫġ
è



71 
ܿ
̫Ƕʱ, ¶˵ġ
ͨ۲ŵɿʿţųֱӡ¢ŵȺ˼ǿҵļӸС
˲ٵѧ, ڽյس°, ԽͬѧڲٳϻӺꡢʹһ
ӵһʺ͵λ, ǲ˼
Ƿ롣
ۼʶ˹˵ǿսͶǵѵַʮַˡ
Щ棬Ҳṩ˶ٽԽ顭ܲū㲥١Ƿ¾ѵжӰɡ
ǿֻǵһ
Ͷ, ȫͬġοūǳڳͶ΢˵, Ҳ˥
ˮƽ΢ȥūǱûʸܸѵˡʿٳԭ, Ҳ𽵹󵽶ūҲڵĵز
Ͻܵʿѵ, ͸¶һЩ, ѾǶƽǵĪˡ
ūǱҲҪ뵽սУѧʲôսɡ
ܿ콫ĿܵýҵĶƿ, Цſ˹˹ȥȺ²ɡ
˹Ȼ, ¡
Ҫ, ɫ˶٣ٵײͷ¶Ҳϡ
Ѿύƻ, һЩ޸ٷ˻ȥ
ڵгƻʱûǽΪֲ㡢ʱõĻĵؿ롣
, ַΧҲˡ
˵ײͷ¶, ζŸĹ˭ǡ׷, أ
ȻؽҲˡ
²ǱѺʯΧȦסĻĵص죬Ѿȥ졣
ڸûԶʱ򣬰㿴һ¸ķݡ
ȻΪպͲ϶ȽϲǳķҲԵüªӵڷ絲깦ܡ
һЩ󣬷²Ǳ㲻ֻԶڷǰȴµָʾ
¶ײǵһȦ²ǵĵط
ǸߴʯΧŸӳ۵ױ¶ƵĴ㵡
ǲǡ
¶أԭȸԾ飬Ҳóġ
Ѿ²³ϣʲôˡ
ͷڷ¶ײԺתţܿ죬ǱʯΧǰͣ
ס
أ
ɻڷ¶Ժӿ֣ؿţĽµͳһѡϤʮָ䡣
һ˺ķ²ǵ棬ƾòȫȻϵġɾÿһΧ
ڵʯ䣬µΧս˰
ԡڷ²ǻ̿־ηĿУ˵¡ɽЦЦɡ
ȸԼ˶ګګȦк󣬰ȻͳǵʯΧ²ˡ
ԣȷǺܷġ
ֳ̹Ȼͷ·ʯ͸ķʽšһ
¶
ڿһߵײ¶Ŀ޴Լ沿⣬Ըǰôʧ̬
Ҳûйعעǵ飬أԽǵע˽µϡ
Ϸĳͷʱʾǻɫġ
ζŸϷϵͳжϣƬزϡء׼޷óͷжѡ
ϸ˵ϵͳжûгΪ
Ӹ˹ӹǰ׼Сӣڵϲһ¡
ڹܼޱȿƵĿУޱȻؽϣչʾ¶ײ
ܲű¶ǹȻӲʵͬĺںɫƫǳĻưɫ
Եǣı㻹һ߲ġܱϸİɫ״
еð뵽һ鱻һ˪Ľǵ⡣
⵱ȻһϸƷܽпѧⶨ棬ϸҪ󣬲Ҫﵽˮλ
ѷֶε£ֱ۵Ĺ۲췽ʽʤޡ
ǰΪʲô
ЩڴѯŶˡ
¶ײ΢
ǳĬƬ̣ײֹظһǰʧĴ𰸣£Ǳɫħʴǲֳõġ
ƬλڳǱϲĻҰأ֮ǰûūƽ濪Ѹ֡
ǽˮôֳԹָ˼ʳõӲ⣬ֻд湶Ӳдˡ
ѵذ˴û＾տʼǶʱջҲܿήȥ
ʱһƬԽԽ׵أͱ˷ˡ
˵Ļ¶ʧɫǷŭĽȴЦףɫħ𣿡
ô׼һμأΪɫħηݡʴأҲˡ
Ӣǵèè񰡣ɷµ˵ʴȵĵkΪ˲͵ͽǰнЩʵķ̸ҡΪɢ񿶿ٹ⣬ΪѡеĴڣҲӦþľ
ضȣжμأƾеĻֶΣҲΪġ
Ŀ⣬λɳ϶˵ĴƬμءĿǰӵеиֻǳ̶Ƚμ
ֻҪöԺʵĹȺˮʽֲʵܰЩķϵ
űհ׵Ķˣ˵𣿡
˶ʱγѣھ˷ܵع£ظǣ£
Ҳܸɴֱ࣬Ӹ¶˹١ǲ⴦ʯΧʮ²ɻְҲνġ
ײϾūݣסūǰȳΪ¶֡
Է¶º͡ϽƢԣҲܶײΪѵġ
ūʱʱǹ̫࣬뷽跨Ƿż١Ӳ͡
ʹȺŸ˹ǻķ²ʱһ㶼
ǳԵñڵūҪöֻ࣬˵ǶĵزҲܱūҪöˡ
²ڽʵ󣬶ԼĴҲԹԡ
ܱģܹԭ̶ӡ;ǿŵˡ
׬ͷϸƤ˺˵ļҾǣͱǿһˡ
ʣµĴũܸɵöõöġ
ֻǻ˸طɻѡǴӱȳΪǿһԱ𣬾֪Ҫı׽סˣһҪϽ̼ܵġ
Ŀͬ³󣬶ܻ㣬Ѿˡ
ȺͻȻ͵Ըɻķ²ҲǸ˲õ鷳ˡ
Ҫμأͱ£ˮ̺ũҵС
һƽأٵ澶֮ˮƽˮЧʣƽصĹУҪھ򵽱ѰҪöĲ棬úõΪµĸֲ㣬뺬صı齻λãڳ飬Ҫð״ũߵ飬𵽴㡢εӰ졣
ˮ棬ǵƬμصϲ඼ٽɺӣԽϱߵɺΪȻйͬʱζɺˮϴκ͹ȡ
ˮƽˮھҪƽغͷܽС
ˮЧֺֿãҪļֶҲ򵥵ûУȱֻڹ󡢹׶̮
ȱ
ĵˮ͹׷ޱȵġڹˮֳˡ֧ۻҵ5󣬱˵ðǵײ¶ҲòСʾѾˡ
ʹʹô˽ô֪ʶޱشڸǣǡȴ̫޴ˣû
¶ޱȵظ̾š
治ǻ۰


72 
˹ʱ̲ס, С£һæµˡ
ÿñū硪񰡣ðūС˱ȽϣְÿһֻСҪ＾ֵջǵνĿ, Ҳȥӱߵ, ЩսƷ඼˳Ǳ˺͵ū
ѾõСµ׿ӡ֤, һвȫǡΰèè񡱽µĿ, С±Ըڴ£޷ˡ
ڸ˹, ӵ߹Ѫͳ, 񶼽סò, ꡣ
ҪǸĿ׵, ӦõһС
ƫƫ
עһ㶼ޱĵؽŷ¶ײ֪ʶİ, ˹̾˿
, Ҫ
ΪʵҲܵصˣְֻһ
ֻҪСµԸ, ȫԸ֧֡
ʵڡæ͵ڿ顱̬ڰ˶û̫ʶγɵġ
ڸ¶ײ½ô㽫˴η, Ϸǵʯ˳ְˡ
μصĸһ𲽾Ҫ¡ҪüꡢԵĴ󹤳̣ɳǶҪġ
ȻָûнӴ֪ʶˣһ¾ݡ
Ĵǣڽʱ, һɫʲμӽȥļ, һһߴʼؽиÿ춼Ǳ㱨һνȡ
Ҳǡʱ, ṩһĽ顣
æμߺ, ɨۻ׵أȥˡ
ɭȻָʾ¶¶Ĵ£·˱䶯ֵøԶҲϸˡ
һ5ÿԼ50-70ֻС
СĻΧҲζҪʳˮ࣬ҪҼȺֹСˡ˵Ĺӷˡ
˵С5ܰǣʵѾһֻܱΪɽ׶ˡ
ҲԵεòȻγ̬ϡëӻ쳤۵ļڿʼ󣬽ȥԲ׺ݳȡ
ʹӵС׵ۡİҲ˵׶εǳúÿ
ֵ֪ĺøжȡǳЧӦԽġഺСǣȻԱ衱Ľ
ÿḽʱڶԶĵطʳļȺ鲻ԽСӿ
ȿֺسǲ˼ߴߴߴߴؼнţСùرļĺ߲ڽ£ŭıԹ
ʮֻҡ
¶ÿһΣ̲ס̾˵
¡治߰
ÿʳ裬ϵǣûЩֻõСܹôĴء
СѾ̬ԲëˣҪǵҲŴ
ڷǰѾһΡ
˲СǱֵöô鼱УϲҲֻԱ߿һ󣬱תԱ˵ˡ
СϾҪٷˣʱ⿿3϶æġ
6-7ܻ2Ҳǿ֬ࡢʳĹؼ׶Ρ
8-18ٶȻȲ6-7ܵĿ죬Ҫȴһ±ֻ3Աչ200ֻȻԶԶġ
¶ɫס
ΪԼòãõʧҪˡ
̲סڵϣеرʾ£ٸһλᣬһᡪ
¶㶣ʧЦ˵ˡ
¶һֵ̿ı飬Կһ߳ĬĹܼԷ΢΢ס
˹˲⡣
ڰɭ³ŵ˳Ҫ¶е°˹ˡ
ͽڲչֳԼɭͬɼϾܴ׵¶ʱõеĽˡ
׶λһ䣬Ƕ꼦ͳ꼦չˡ
ȻȻҪȡؼʱڣѾضɹˡ
Сȫ׳س󡭡ʹڰϷϵͳ֪ʶ£ҲԲܵ͹¶á
𾴵ĵѾ˵ˣò
¶𾪵һĮĸ˹ܼңȻԼʾ˰
ΪôʴȵĵɵˣΪͨèèµĵһĽ¶˹ޱӽˡ
¶ҲٿȻû˱顣
شۣǶ߸һףԺáˡġ

ū
ôܲūˣ

ʲô
˹ͻȻɵūԭūŮȴûκĿԡ
¶ɵվţǿһС޿̵صͳ񣡡
Ȼ񣬸лµĶͣ
Ȼʹƽʱ¶µĸ˹ܼҷĳʱҲûñɵ˵
ԵˡϾָøɭ˷Ӧ
ǲòӲͷƤ˼ĽţʹһԼ
ѽ
鲻ԽطһɫܿΪʶʧǵͨ졣
ǻϲǻңĻ޾ĸм
ǿҴææعˣ˵ţ𾴵ĵ°ԸèèٹԶл˽µĶ
Ӧõļν
ԭֻصţֹ˸˹ȡһĴʩּǿСŮϢ
ЦŴĻ赭д¸ͷĽͣΰèèӲ©ͽڷܺǻۡ㻹ǵ˵տЩСɶǷǳҪġ
ٶֻС࣬ȴ滮ֳҵǳҪĵһ
Լ
ܾԼٴȥ¶Ҫ޳ˡ
ֻ֪οͰСè䣬ȴ֪ôСŮԥؽ׮ֵ¶ϣǷŰ٣¶ȥ¼ңٰѶȥɡ
ڸС޽£Ƚɭϰɡ
¶΢ƽһЩˣٸᡰèèĵڶ顱¡ѵµԱͨԱΪֳģĹƻ׼
Լ˿֪ɽ˼ܳӦˡ
ȺҲζ¶ҪסڳǱСҲĹˡ
ΪʸӵԼĲƲ
ݣǮԸء
ԼҪɺϡ
ֻūԵģƽҲҪΪһսҪۡÿ궼Ҫ˰
ΪһȻÿū󡢲õξУһ¡
㶵رԼǣ߳Ǳ¶̤Ÿɾʯ·档
ͬɢֲũūķݣĳͣĽֵߴһɼľǽ·ӡ
ߺȵС̷ľӵģ١ã˷ܵ׷С顢ڽֵϵСҲŸɾƯ·
ϰЩܿ͹۵ؿԼһжԶԶûгǱƯ
ǿһ·¶ڲŶ¡
ЩµĺǵĺעУ
״˰
һжλʥʹΪ·


73 
ʱ¶֪, ߽Ǽ˴͸Լ·ʱӭľϲ
ɢľͷ¼ң󿪼乹ɡ
ʵǽСһ, ҲԶ˯κηӶÿˡ
˽ݵ, Ȼĵؿǵˣ¶ٳһЩ, ҵҪ, 齨µļͥһһסҲԵô´ࡣ
ǽɼַľ幹ɵ, ȵͿ˷Ļࡣݶľ, û콬ѹ, ٿɻ˷ոѡ
ǽϿĴ, λڳķֻҪҿĵͻ
ȷڵĲɹ, Ҳȷ˵ϺĶʱ, Сܱů
λڽϴ󿪼СʮĿģɵĻ¯ˣҲʻǷڶĹԴԴ
¯ߵĵذǽ, ʯשһ㣬ֹܳĻǺڡ¯ڷһֻµĴһų, һֻĳϷ˺ö༦Сӣõĺ決ʯһ׳ߡ
ΪļůļȻضѷľͷȼϣȴûбȼ, ͷ·ھĵصȴŻ˵ĵ
߹Ŀ, ķ¶ˡһ㹻ſ˫¡Ŀ󴲣ľϰɵĺ, µ޾ֻ߰ŵͷ鴲ӡ
βһֻż򵥵ƶ仨Ƶľ, װ˺ü¶üȹӡ
Ϊ˲һЩˣᶨޱȵΪ£ͲСܵƯ·ջ
ͬÿֻèè޷ܾеľޤèһ
Լ¶󣬰Ȼš
΢һֱϵĹ˴õĴָʾ
𹩼ҹᣬҪࡣ
˷жĿʽԺȼˣȺʳҪƵʱͲҪػضùظҵˡ
˶ЩǣһãСǱʮֻС˹ߴߴߴؽţڵ³
ͷĻֻŷʼء
һϳ˾Ǻ󣬰ЦЦɭϣ¶󣬾תèèµ¿ʲôɡ
ɭʶر񾭡
һ㶼¶õʹͣĿǸСŮĳǻۺͷĵˡ
οΪ¶Ĵ󷽹ϵļء
ĵôûʲôµԼԸĳŵοǶ¶ˡ
ǳҪ˵Ŀ飬Լָܻܲƽˡ
λԼ൱ԱպԪϣȻʮֿأҲȫ̸Ͽ̣ΰèèҪģǷ㹻ĺ˽
ûӣֱӸϢȴԼˣūѰʮλʵѡҽЩѧèèǻۣޱشڸǡֻҪʮͨèèĿ顢õչһʸĻͨڶˡ
Ϊ˸ȫɵˣֳҵ𲽣ΪÿõūǱġ
ȵ죬ɭϣ԰ɣܳĶˣ΢΢ЦˣǱָܻݡҽ¶õĽҲһܵõ
ȻµƯСȹӡ
û뵽ôɣɭ죬ȴʲô˵
л¡
ɳ˵صع˵ϣط֣ص
泯صϣۿѾúͨͨˣ滹Եˮ⡣
ϴվţﻹЩϢ
ƽ
ΰèè񰡣ֻһЩСӶѣ
ֳʵƵϷǳطԱĺϸġ
ڱóⷽ϶ԣһ㶼Լжࡣ
µĵءĹֱ̫ˣ
ʹ˹ܼ۵˺ü£ٶ۵Ҳ֪޾
׳ŵӣɵ˾䣺л¡Ҫǣû̳ܽô죿ᱻܵèè𣿡
Ѿ㹻ˣһ̳ѧѧô죿
ᱻͷ
뵽㣬ϱЩ̿֡
ܿɻƵõ͡Ҫûãΰèèʧˣ߸ô죿
һν̲ãǾͶ̼Ρèèǲ˹ġ̿ѧͽʦԽõʱҲᱻӺһʼѡѡҪ˷ʱ䡣
ϳ׷ġ
Ҳֱһ̣ʶ˹ܼޱȿֲŶԵԼûŵõ˿ӡ
ûڼߴ̫áԤУȷϰٵ¶˵Ҫжõˡ
СŮᣬǸе֪ġ
¡
ص󣬸˹̲סѣֻūѡ𣿡
Ȼǡֱ׵ػش𣺡ʵҸϣƽУɸʵѡ
ūУ¶Ѿ츳ˣǳ˼ѧϰ
ڼ䣬ѾԵرֳѧúܳһȼò֪ôźá
ȻֳؼĻ֮һϾֻǵһ׶Σд֪ʶҪȡ
¶ĸԭ򣬻ʶ֡
ͱҪ࣬ѧϰӦøɭ֪ʶ÷ǳοһʦͨһ׽Ϊֲڡ㹻ʹõļ¼
Ϊƽɭ߱һʶĶҲ֪ܵΪϵͳȥѧϰµ֪ʶ
·ɨäҵҪ쿪չ
̾
ʿ6СηСһĻˮƽķ²ֳ˰ɡ
뵽׽˹ܼϵĳɣЦʣװĸ˹ܼѽΪʲôɭ˵ūѡʵȴҪƽ𣿡
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ƽūڿΣѾǰ߸еˡ
οǵתǣǼֱƽȫ޷ܵ衣
ҪƽؿţԼΪֶʧݲôܲĹʱ¾ͻ̲סѯˡ
˹С۾ȵģ鲻Խ¶΢Ц
Ӣĵ¡
ʵҲǰϢŴãͬʱūƽȺзˡ
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ǱУƵѯľԼԡʱڳƵˡ
˺лӴˣοǶޱϵĹܼ棬˵ˡͷʵõڶģΪѲӡ⴫ʿˡ
Ѿõ˹ܼҵָʾԴ˺ƽظ˴𰸡
ʴȵĵ¿ԱҪƵӴķ㣬Ҫūѧϰ֪ʶһʺƽ湤
һɣƽȫɵˡ
Ӵ㣿
ȷʵǸѽ
סڳǣūÿܽһÿ첻ҪԼͼСǵķ
졢ˣʵ̫ʴˡ
ƵֻܿͰ͵ؿſʿ𾴵ĵһɣҲҳϺǻѽ
Ƴһۣκ˵ˡūѧϰ֪ʶҲԸ𣿡
ҪѡĻǵȻǲġ
ɡ
¶Ѿūѽ
Ѹٵؽ֮ǰǸеЩʧʵ
ҪūġѧͽȫȡԱһְ񡭡èè񰡣ǿجΣ
Ϊͬƽ¶ѧͽ΢һЩ
Ͼ¶ūˣһλΪõ˺ĵèèʩһǻۣĴ͸µõ˵ĿصƽŮ
עǰ;Զء
ʵϣѾвٹ¿һ㣬ԼһקűСóûκ˶»Լ¶ˡ
ǲԼ֪ʶ˴ڸǵġʥèèǻۣ
Ǻܿ˵Լ־ҲԽԽᶨˣȻ֪ѾԽڵСأԶ䷢ţҪǲúѧϧĻ˵ǻúĵ˳ͷˣϵèèҲһή³ͷģкãΪ˵˵ɣ


74 һ
ƽȿֺԼںõġӡ, ȻǶԴϲּġ
ȻǶĳˡ
ƻҲȻûɿڴӦ
ԻĿʿ΢Цػش𣺡ȥ, ҽڽʾΰèè, 
̫ͬĻ, Ե᲻
Ϊ˺ס顢ūûôƭƽǣȻҪٽһЩ
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˿С»ʵ, ѸӦ£ȥ, Ϣ߽ȴƽˡ
ƽȻЩʧҲеȻ
Ȼèè, ˴ڸ¶ǻۡô˭ʸѧء
ȻҪĵȴʹʾܵèè, һˡ
Լӵеǻۣǲūģ
ôţİࡣ
򿭶ʿл, ڳǱ⡢ųǱһ
űȺСɢȥˡ
ʱİ, Ѿڸ˹ܼҵ̷, ׼ˡ
ԴĵĹܼΪһλոãҳϡ˵ְҵԼҪĳڲͰĶӲֻذײֽܷˡ
ѷɳǣڸ˹ָҪ, ƴĳ, Ǿܵð΢ĸ߹һЩ
Ҳðʵظе, Ҹֱ۵Ŀˡ
ͷһǡô⣬˷ʵҶϡ
˹ΪС˲һݣŽͬʵľСɵУ㾲صȴƷ
ųһڣ̲ססһ
һͨԷϹǵϸǿڸмֳۣ޷ζȥЩؿɫĸ˹ʲô⣿
Ѭ⡣
ѬƵ࣬ɥʧˮ֣ΣҲܱۡ
⣬¡
˹ظش𣺡ϣϲ
Һϲգգۣģ
ɲǵɳ˴ֳӵĹ
ʵϣ֪ţȽϴ⣬Ѽٻдģ̷ֳϾ˹⣬ֻһЩ˵ӵһСԺӵũӵֻÿһֻʼݳ޴
ģ¡
˹شȻƽͣشҲܼԡ
Ȼ
ҪǰûĻλҳϵϹܼǾԲὫΪԼġ
ȻޱȵĴ𰸣ð̽ˡ
ϾӡУ˯ʱλܵĹֱܼ񰮻ͯһϸȫƵǴ粽ġ
ôǵã˹йȥԵʱ
죿
ƯͲ棬ʼ롣
ܿˡ
ȷǿֵʱ򣬸˹Ƿ뿪һʱġ
ʱϹ˼Բǿͷ
ΪûˡͷʵЩˣֻɿɨһۣûж࿴ˡ
ԭΪսƷģ

ԭֻϵӣǹܼڿͷʱ˳
֪ΪʲôԺѾȻˡޱĸ˹ܼһײеضǿԴһ߻˳乭ֻ·ĵùӵ档
ȫܹܼҡ
ҷǳϲ
ǿЦеصȸ˹ΪҨһ׺󣬾΢̧򢣬ʾܼҿԽ˳Ҳȥˡ
ſϷλϵģȻΪİ
ֱߵųʣӡϲĲ²ʸģλá
ҲǶڸ˹ġ
ӰɳǺ󣬾ʹûб
ƷԱϲĲʽʹ͸¡
ΪݼӲ͵ҰõĹܼңǸеޱȵҫĴҲ鲻Խ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ˣƯ۾ڴѾԺƽתšһȫˡͷĹܼңЦѯʣ´׽ʱܻ׽ô
ֳΪ򵥣ṩȶʳƤëԴӣҪֳܴͺˡ
ȻΪѵҰãＯԶҲ֪ܲܵӵ˵ڣҲֵóһµġ
˱ؽ㾡ȫԸ˹˼ػش𣺡𾴵ĵ¡
˵Ķ֪ǣ̷ܵİС¾Ͳ͡
ʵһλϿᡢȺĹܼеڴ¡
ƫƫʱ̣ȴ޴˴ˡ
𾴵ĵ£ܽ𣿡
˿δܲ˹ܼһ˲ɨԼϵĿɱλҴҵߵģʿᡢǰİ¿ֵ¡
ţ
ͣ˽豻ҰĶʾⵥϥİ¿ֵ¿ڡ
Ǹյõķ¶ͨģ¡
Ϊ飬¿ֵµȻԸŰˡ
˭ó˶ЩĵصӣڶȺë׵Сӡ
ۿĹŸչ޷Ĵѡ÷¶еͷƤ飬Ҳð¿ֵ²òӲͷƤŵ½͡

˹ֱ쵽˼㡣
¿ֵˣȻѡڵ½͵ҪʱᵽЩħʴĻĵأ
¶һСף׷ʣʲôˣ
˹΢΢̾Ϣ
ȫܲµ½ôˡ
Ȼ¿ֵתˡ϶Ƭķ²ǲİ󣬾¶˼Ӳʯ㣬쳣غ񣬺Ѽھ򡱵Ļ󣬰еվ
Աϵ㣬ûͶκεĹע˼˵ȥ
ʯ㣿
Ԥϵμصѣȴû뵽ǵôãôСʵ¼ײˡ
һ϶˵ϡһҪͨģ򼸿͹޷ͨˮ;Ҳûкĳڡ
·
˭֪Ҳж
λʯˮԴԸʺᳬꡣ
ԽԽ鷳
ǰȥ·ϣǹʹֻǱŻҽ̬
װèè񰡡
㱣ҸμصḶܹ́˳ȥɡ

ңԶУǵ۳͵Ľ⣬İͽ

ġԸ

ܻܺܺõͽ˵Ļ˼kȻ۾
ûʲôɵġӲӵԲͫһգգصӳͨڰϵʶݹӰ

ʲô

ë׵ļ䶶˶
kȻǲǰϤޱȵĴͷϡ
һ޳ȷɵڿУβͻɨţk˼š
ž֮ԴԴϵسk۹kԭҫģӺΣԳ˸

֪

ԸԵkԣ̫ˡ
öûףʶ󣬵kȻеʮֵؾɥ
ܻעİͽʶԼûԷĵkǶԽɫĶ䶼ûɵ

Ҫ
ǿ
ͺˡ

Ȼ֪ǱΪԼξλoΪδԸѹ۳˷ɻ
һ̲סȥһࡣ
̫ѾˣҲڰ¿ֵµ£˹ͬ϶˵Ļ
ϦдͣؿˣڿĴƬμ£ȷȫǰ͹ƽɫȵʯ档
¶ѾøӶʯ㳢ԽпˡڻֻʯҲֻһСʯڳһ۵ǳӡ
Ҳ˾
¡
ǽţʵڱǸıǸʧˣҡ
š
עѾȫЩʯˡ
ĲɵӦ˾󣬾ҲشϷͳʮָ䣬ԾԾԵسʯ/¶λȥԡ


75 
Ӹںϼ, źʶЯϷϵͳǲȱġ
ûг۸ʽĸ߲ӵӻ̣ûֻҪṩһЩľͷʯϺͽңһӵڶ๦ܵũСݰεضǿľûвÿȥ, ͻżѳֵĸԴûвӵ, ڵڶԶԾس, Ҫιʲݵûвʲô㣬ֺǺǵظ߼չĴ㷷ҲûвȡκѣڿҿҰͰ߼۵ĴӴ峤
ġԻһٶ, ɰ˵Ŀ͹ԴָĿ󶴡
в䷽, ȴһֱҲϵľȴ
ǽͭõĽͻʯһֱֻèè, ҲȶԴ
ְҵ, ͷѡڽչ˳ģȻǡũˡ
ڴͣͲǰ״ְ̬ҵܣ̫˵ġսʿ, ԼԴϡȱġ󹤡ˡ
ڹȥһѾɵ̤˸, ䷳ʮָùܿʯͷİ, Ҳֻǿ2
Ϊϡȱ̫СδȥġСÿը⣬2ʱ󹤻һʳס
ţһޣֻҪһޣһȥӶӵ̬øӢݲȡڿЧ20%, мóʯϣ
ҪһܲһǺһţ̲ݳ޺ڰ, ȴֻṩ档
ؼǡ
, ȱıҲʱЧʡǿԴ
˵ǿˣͨʯϣûзŹ
ǶŸ˹һѾĸĿ⣬ְڵʯ鶼եȡɾˡ
ڵɳܱߣûһĸ½ҴҰʯͷ
˹ͷˡ
СʱֻҪ·ɿһԴһЩʯͷͻڵʯͳǱʮָ䣬治ɫõת˲ʯ
һ࣬˹ѾӦķӦˡ
ھΥܿʯ㣬Ʋˡ
ЩʯɫȻɫľӶ࣬ЩɫԼϡϡɫߵ㣡
ѵܲɵʯ
뵽ǼȽţڴ
ڵֻϣ¶㹻ʵá
˵עУλɳЩȲǰѿ顢ȴĸ첲Եʮָ䣬ߵʯǰ
һҲزȽӱߣʯķҲգػӶӣص˵һ£
ѡ
ʯ˲䣬ڳ鲻ԽüͷһĻ֣
ǵȻת˲ŵģǸɾһȥĽȴ㹻ڵ
ղűǼǿ׳õǰѸַã˺ܾòһǳӵļӲʯ㣬ֱ鱻¹ҡ
Ƕؿˣڸͷղµλã˸㹻ýûİݣ
ʮָ˺ɫʯУʯϼҷɽȴת˲ʧӰ٣
ǵȻΪѾ˰Ϸ
˶ű3ͭʯ˿ٿƬɫʯʱƯ۾ѾðȵĹ⡣
˹
Ȼڡ
СĬĹܼ̾˿Ը˵²ߣֵȥ
ýطڳ
²ǻϡͿţѾʱʰõС䵽ˡ
ǻ𣿡
뿪ʯȦסĵطˣһ˳µľסţһŸսõķᡣ
ȻūϵĲϽɵģǧٹ֣ôܼª
ϾһΪԼڷ絲꣬Զ䳱ʪηÿʵĵط
ûס죬Ͳòʱȥͬ鼷һˡЩ᲻á
˭֪ءһ˱۵˵ôʯ㣬ƾǵòһõôʧˡ˵λ»ΪΪǱΰèèΪ޿ɾҩĴڡȫϽ̼أ
ܣ
⻰˵⵽ķԡ
˵ţʮƶȴ֪ķĵţҪƭԼ
λʹ£Ƿǳġ
ǰ¹һūأ
Ϻ϶⣬һ㶼ū
ūԸõĴˣ϶Ϊ鲻йߵġ
ʹ²׿˵ôǻҪԼΰèèҲء
ǵľжޱǵ£ǵֳɼˡ
˹ȷ˳Ӧ˰ҪԸ
ڰУһɻˣ°ĵĹܼҸ˹ʵûҪӺԱΧۡ
˹ܼȻôΪ
£ǱʵЩԶ
˹Ŵе¶˾ԲЭ飺ʯͷİΣҪġ
Լʣ´ܵľٿʱֱĿӣ΢ееϧ
Ҫһ˸ɻĻҪԼİΣֱʯΧΨһĳڷסȫĵط
õĻʱسǱˣֱڵþ赹ߵϵͳǿϢʱ䣬ֱӵ˯С
ðɣĵĹܼ
ΣִֻصİȫĹܼҵ˵ͷ
վһߵӺǣؿĹ½ǰʮָӵûƬ̲ͣصʯ㡣
ǵһлῪôʯӵİٲȻѾûиĲɿ
ˡèèĽָΪԼ¶Ҫץƫλõǵʱ䣬ȡڱǱǰԼʣµĴֵܵĵ
ڵѾͨٲֵָþԵòôˡþһ죬ֱһ죡
֮ǰûڣ˿ѣҲʱûؿԿˣʹ⣬ûܴľĿҲˡ
ȴдƬǰ֮ܲǰһֱûа취õĽʯôسǱ˯
Ϊڻ赹ʱ㵽ǰŸ˹˸ϻسǱٿȻóԼյʱ
ﲻӵʯϺͽʯĽˣûзȥ
һܼġѡ£ӱٵػӶţüֱܿӰ
ãȻؿţС۾ģ֪ƣؿŴСʯ顪ЩͷСİǻûüģʱѾɾһˣֻиͷЩܳŵסЯĸӵû˲仯Ϊһ̲ҫŵ¹ʯ
һͨ񿪲ɺ󣬿ĵûʣ1/6ľԼ32ͭʯ15ʯ12ú̿Լ300ͨʯϺ󣬰δ֡
ֻǴϵĿɣѾȥĳɱջһˡοջ˺Щ
ʱѾˣʮָ䡣
ԼѸ͵Ĳ¡ȥǳǳһĿӣδػͷȻȥɡЩ
˹źۼ˿
µС¼ȥֱǻؿʱһû赹ڵΪֹ
˹˿֪Լʵȫ˰ԭȵĴ㡣
ڴһ˻ȥ·ϣȻ뵽λԼſں߳o
˵Ҳʱˡ
ɰèè񰡣лĿ
鼫õš
ٿһӣһʯĲϺèèҲûôˡ
ȵʱ򣬾;콫ԭȵĹøƯһЩƸ֮ɡ
Ҳÿɰèè񣬹ؽĳݺ͹ˡ
ͷͱңԶλһѻţһ͵͵עo׽ˡ

Ž

ڻجĺ˫Ӳӵͫһ˴״̬
һ˲ԭûɵŵĳβҲһΪȵľŶɫëͳͳը






76 
Ȼ֪, ֻƢõò˼èèѾһıָصش̼ˡ
İͽǰһƲ³ŵһ̾͹ȥСΪ, oȻ, ǽϰˡ
˯иʱkﾡֻԼ΢ЦġôǵذԼ, Ư
ϰҲûа취
kʧ롣
kֲסöԷȥЩС
㹻kҲİͽ, ˸еˡ

ֻҪÿϣǵرŵk˵, k֮С
kҲ͡ǿЩСˡ
k˵Լȴ뵽·޿ֵͽȻô, ׼è
kڶݵãȻֻ΢, ڡè֪ʶȪˮӿ˽ɫ
è, Ǻ͵kڳòЩƣͬӵͽϲë׵Ķ䡢βͺƤ, ءеġ

ֺ׳۵Ļƽ, ʱΪo˵ù
kûĶƤ
ҲС

ë׵Ľɫβͳ, Ҳ֮ǰ, еһζˡ


Ҳ񰮸Լʱһ, Щè𣿡

ͽǷĵ, ԴԴϵڵkܵĽɫС
λġƸƿ, һһۡ
ֻͽ, ǵԸҲĵ
ÿĲÿ쳿ɻǰǴʱоͲɱմȾ
ıԸǲұ¶ܵoǰ
ϡж⣬˿˿Ƶ̰ʺȻ˻ƽ
˵֪УҲеġ
ϲkǿģ˿ڴ졣
kǲбģֻҪk죬ԥؽ¿ֲֺǾʹ˸
ͨͽԣkϲŭ޳ġҪСضԴηϵ׳Ƹпܻĳõ͡
кƢҲлƢ
̰Ҳῶ
kҲ⡣
kʶԽԽѵʱҲԽԽ
ҲһʼʵĽԽԽʵΪܱͽϴһѡסĳ̶ˡ
kظоˡ
ٶȣٹһСʱ䡭£ֻҪһ¡
kɷγɵòͽǰ˵˫ǳҪ۾
Уİͽkò
kޱڴһ̡
뵽kͻȻںЩġèˡ





ңԶĽɫУoЩճյظΨһͽ֡

ϲġ

ڵkؿ¹һࡣ
¹ҪȻů
ޣλɵȴ߾ܵع׳Լǻۺϵܼͺĥ
ūмò
ǿ󡢴꣬o
ǡ
һȼյǡ
ÿǳУͻ˫̺Ľɫͫ鲻Խ׷
һ꣬ôܱһЩеġ΢oҪ
Ҫoһ쳣
oȴֻȻؽһС
Ͼӵkӵʶһ𣬱ԼĬĬעŵİѾˡ
ԣҪ뿪ߡȥС顪Żȫ޷ܡ
èèļһ֪İѾϴ-·-ϴĹ
ͨ۲λãжϵͳǿԼϢʱ䣬ӦûôһСҲˡ
ʵϣͲڶ졪Ȼϸְĵĸ˹ͬ£ڿҵ
װèè񰡡
۾ǰ˲㱻ĲƸ֮
ϽӴƽвèϷȡ
˫סèè˫࣬дŵֻܵŵצצлĻӡ
ȫûвƽʱܻĵǡֿĵ΢΢ȵֻצ棬ȴûһ˿һı仯
ʵϣʱԺѾȫǴƬĿռˡ
ҪƬҲڳͺˡ
ǳԸɹͷڱ۾֮ǰ̲סֿվڴͷèèһۣЦţรװèè񰡡Ϊ˹ΰèẹ̀ܿش¸󣬸࣬߸Ŀ𣿡
˵⻰˻ûŵƷ
ܲܿװסɣҲ̫޳ˡ
תһ룬سŵţҪʵҵԸĻһΪ޽õ
Ϊ֧еļкĻèè綼ҪдΪġ
Ҫǿ㹻ԴĿȱĻڳʯϣȷӦϡ
һֱΪṩôˡ˵ЦĻҲ˼ģȻݳ޵ȫûƽ𽨳ɣұ֤һǳƯ
һв죬ҵҵ΢չòɫȲԵòôϡȱ˽èè޵øߴ⡣
ΣȴĴͷҪá
õԸڰĵˡ
ձ۾ӭ뵯ĵս塣
ũˡ6ֵֻΪС7ķŲٵÿ3%
սʿҲͣ2ֵȻ1%
Ӽ98%˸ӽӽ399%λá
סˡ
ʲô
һЩ˺һ󣬲ԼΨһȡèèıһΡ
һֻӬңһֱǲ鿴õŷۺɫսƷˡ
ʶ󣬰ѵõرϵͳļ㷽ʽҭסˡ
ҪûǴĻɱһǿֻ5%ľġ
ɱһֻӬܵõ1%ϵͳ5ֻӬȻѾһ˵ķֵ
ʱЩԽܣתһ룬ˡ
ûκθϵͳӬǿڱϣǱù޴ı֡ɱġˡ
Ϊ̷ȥǿ򲻻ṩκεľֵ
ȡֵϵĲֻͬжġѪϵĲͬ
˼
ҪáսʿְҵԶԶûѡ
ҪΪս񡯻ߡɱ/˿ħȻһЩֻҪĲӬɱ֣ܻȡľֵˡ
ֵŬ
㽫ͶΨһһΥд䶯ְҵܡ
ͣõġ󹤡ھղһúֱӴ2ᵽ367%λãͬʱˡ͡¯䷽
۾һˡ
ƳһҪ5ʯ1ú̿
ؼ¯ĻֻҪʯϺͭʯͺˡ
Ҫǣͭȶ䷽ҲҪô֮ǰΪΨһԴèèˡ
ع˽档
Ϊ°춼һֱڿ󡢸ߣèΪԼֱڳξʱܵˡ
ȴû뵽ǽǸӵлƽͻƽèξ
ȰԼڵλã۽Ͳ׽һӲӵĹӰڵس˦˹
⧲±ǵӰ⡢Ȼһ㲻ۣǾһ£űԻ
ʲôΣ
һ
һϤİĸߴӰʱǶΪŭһһ

ãȻ
ǸղšϮԼġʲôˡ۲˺ܾáȴһֱë׵Ľβ͡
ǰ쿴ʱģʣڵβ͸ʵҲӺˡ
ƺΪ˵ķŭըëɣҲɸ˵ëˡ
뵽ղϴëУĬĬ
֣èβĿ֡
һ̣ƺڷƢֻè䣬ĳѯţܲһΣ
o


77 
, 
۾һգգضǸë׵èβ֪ͣó˶Ŀȥһĳ嶯
ֻŻ˺ü, ȥ󡭡ֻ֪ΪʲôƯèè, Ȼر
Ȼܷ
εèȻèˣ
ԥ, չȥˡ
ǰԵ˫΢΢è䣬Ǵӱס
ף
ϾʵĽ⣬Ϊֻϴ鱧ȴûϵе΢еİ, סˡ
˫۶סϸضˡʱʶԼߴٵӰ
ǻúöèèèβ, èĴΣȻɫĹâš
òεϣ֮ǰҪ, ֱԷʱҲʵĽӴС
ԼԼֳ, Ͱǰ࣬㹻ʶ˲пһ㡣
ԭеè, ҲûѩèƤ
ƯӲʵ⣬ߴ󵫲Եÿš͸ĿȳƸеĹǼ, ˵ǡꡯ, ӦáӢݵò

סٴλ
Ϊʲôè, ӵȷʵܺĺƢë׵èͳβ⡭ȻǸҪߴ׳˧磿
o֪, kΪڽǡǰֳ, Ѿðߣèˡ
ӱͽԱסһ, ͳ׽סһĵk, úź֪¡
İͽ, ǣԼ仯
k
ȴðһ취ûС
kããȻģһ߲֪غţһ߲֪ضסʱѾȻع񣬻طſ˵k
ƺ˰ٶСղһֱΪŰĵkҲԥת
ѵõȥ˶ë׵kš
עӡ
޷ԣһֱϲߣֻèèȷҪԼҪߴʵˣ
Ϊʲô
ѵӦøϲСɿɰèè
Ŀ¶㯡
Ϊʲôèèö࡭
벻𰸵İع˸ջƢĴè
·еԻɣɵèֻ꣬ĬĬԼ
βûһëƯɫһ̵һɨһɨġ
С䲻ʱƺҲ͸¶èʱĲ
ŵk
⵽ԼξԼĵֿ⣬ʵҲˡ
ڰ֪Ǹõ̬ƽʱһߣèǼʱԷȴȿˡ


㡭ôˣ

Ȼӡеģͳɤ
ȴ͸һ˭óС
ûʲô
ʶ¶˰Ե΢Ц
ȻⳡèĶԻôȥһʱѲ˸׽ȥĻ⡣
ֻЩԾ˵ţѵèè𣿡

ǡ

δɣkʵʱ֪Լ
kȴޱȵ֪ÿİͽٻԼʱúƺkΪèè񡯡
ȻġԵkԣȴͬҪġ
Ȼ
ţԭèè񡣡
˵ͨˡ
ÿԵģ˹ܼҸ˹⣬ǰڴͷߵвèˡ
ûٵԼ߳ġèè񡱵¡Ȼ˼ŻҹΡ
ԭǱʶġèè񡱣ȻǻƽèӢè
ϵģǿģèȴ޵пɰġ
ƽèġèè񡯡Ȼ͸üϣҪɰˡ
ġèè񡯣漣ں㣬طĿеı׼
ͨ󣬰ʣһģҲ˲ʧˡ
o˫õkƯ۾һֱЦشŵk
ȴû˵
ҲõkЩ˵Ľˡ
֪Ĭ˶ãڰЩ಻סߣèʱèè񡱺Ȼˡ
k˵úȻԡ˵ԡܲ


Ը
Ѿ  ˡ

棬ڰУȴèе
ͼһ˵ۿɰ˧һèèôܲ/ηأ
װڴ̬Цͬһʣǿģװģɰèè񰡣ϵͽĻ㣬ԸʵҵԸ͸ҸĿ𣿡
ڰʱ޷o˰šԼĻ
kһڴӦԼ֮ǰļƻֹסˡ
ѩ㴿¶oڽ˼ڶͽԸѾĵȾһƻϢ

ԡ


⻰󣬰ǼЩȣЩˡ
èè񣬾ȻǸӦɵ𣬶Ȼ
èèֻøӿɰȴװЩΪѵӣװèè񰡣һʴִ󷽵㣬ȻҪϵͽĿ𣿡
İͽǾƯϣ¶ıʱԷƭ̫εoȡ˲ֹȥĽѵûȫȫţȴȻЩˡ
εǵkԲòġ
k뱻ͽȥ
Ƕ̻Ի͵ҲܱȵϵkУƽˡ
kҪ䱦Լǰ
kζʧȥ䱦ߣ䱦ЩĻĻᡣ
ڶݵĳĬ󣬵k׾ؽš


ǿ顭


Ȥǡ
û뵽èè񡱻ͦԭġ
ġè趨ҲȻûбƭ
װûгɹ󣬰һ±˸̬ȡ
˴ԭķɣ̸е̬˵̵ġèè񡱣˹ʣװèè˰ʲôأ
˿֪İͽжèèѾΪͻȻ任̬ȣסˡ
kĵ𵴣ͨٿȻ˷ɻļ䡢һβͣر¶˰ǰ
ǡ
kðβŻعǿš
è
ҷŵ
ǵİģk£һò˾䡣
ԡС
΢΢üòΪѵشӢèè񰡣Ҫ㲻ϲͽǰĻԸΪһƽͽǵĶĤݡ
ȷʵҲԡ
ûݣҲϰ˱èèţвèˡ
ԭǱʶô᲻ýèèߵ
ô̾ţ˵˵ԡΰٹУһèյġèĵҲԺ̶ܴϷֹߵķһҪġ
㣬ƽèèҲܿ˻ش

ˡԡ
գգۡ
ðɡ
еèèҲһֱֻ׳سԴסҪռ˵èè
һ뵽̲ס¶˲õЦݡ
Ȼԡȫ֮ǰһŤԹŵèè֣˫ֿʼë׵Ķ䡣
ֳǰڼеĶϣ˼һǡ
oסˡ


kٿȻ޷״̬
ֻͽڶߣԴЦk޷ĳŵİèè񣬱ҲҪȥèˡ
ø˹һèʱԭľǳΪè⡣
ɳҪ̫ˣȻ붬кܳһξ룬㵽Ҫô飬ʱʵǺܽȵġ
ûôʱ侫ȥèҲһλεˡ
һ߸ָмõè䣬һ̹̹š
ѺƯèè·ʱ˳Ѿˡ


78 
ξȥ
峿ĵһǰһ˲, ű׼ùķ㣬׼ʱۡ
ûæڴ, һű͵õһػζΡ
ܲǰΪè, ߴӢèè, ȴƾһèèȵ㡣
˫ë׵, ůֻҪذȥͻܿصè
Ҫô߸, Ҫôһûһµڶ, ҪôǽŲ𡭡ʵطӳè˼Ưβ͡
֡
һʼԸΥ͵ĸߴ, Щŵĳ, ˲۲۵ķȡ
ԸҲرá
Դף
ظ, ȴ˼, رúŪ
ʱҲֻһԲر塣
ϴ, , , ߰䵭, ʵ浥
ֻҪһİ, ܺˡ
, , èè
̾
֮ǰǼֻèӵĻ, ǱƭĴ, ôúŪ
ͷŭצһЪ˹ţһ߷ݵؽѵλ컨ȴŽ̲ĵصմǲݣסһůĲʺˡ
װèè񰡡
ϴ֮󣬰һöвèצУĽ𶧣һֻ⻬Բצ棬ٷ²ɵʻлҲϣμ㡣
İͽԼŸ˯еoض˶䣬ƤҲ

Ҳ롭㡭

һ󣬰ܿͽ˿ȿ󹤵״̬
еʳҴ£ʳø˹װʱ侫á
ʯµǱһ㣬ֱᡣ
Žϰߡٴʧɫ¶˵棬ճչʾһͨɾ֡
֮㲻СǾġߴߴҲİ䣬׼뿪ˡ
װڿµʲôŲһ١
תԴЦضһָϸˮ軻ˮ¶˵ȹӺʺ㣬¶
£
¶ٿȻۣܳ󣬲Щ׾Сĵȹڣϥ񣺡ⶼĿͣл
ʵ̫ˣʹʳ;סиƣɻǱκ˶ҪƴΪһЩϻûǶ⡣
ӪϺԭСʼ³ֽűһֲ̬ϸ
ڸȥʱܵȹ·Ѿ˻¶Сȵȹӡ
ײࡢǵùüװūʵ̫ˡ
˵ūҪµظɻǻٵĶҲݳ޵ӵйչʾ͵ӡ
Ǵ˫ЬӶûУϲ˿ںϼ룬ĵĺ׶
¶õȹӣȴǰ֪Ǽλũġ
ĳߴ磬õĻøԼµ鲼ʣȾʺСŮɫ
¶վǰԥãԼ䲻䴩ôõ·
뵽˶ĿأһҧǴɫصһ
ΪĻ϶ǻŪϵ·ġҪϴһ
ڵõݵİµһ佱ƽʱɭȴǰֳܱ͵ĳ侲¶һĻŭŵ͵СŮˡ
˴Ц⣬ףβȥˡ
ȥӵ·ϣ˼Ȼĸ˹˵˹罫ֿ鲼һЩ׻Ķװ˰ɡ
Сųȹӣȷͦɰġ
װ磬ʺϸɼĻ
ڵļֻ𲽣⼸ҪɸѡµԱѡˡ
Źģһһ󣬲ΪضְҵΪ˷㣬ṩͳһεĺá
ֻһֲޱȣӴ¼鲼ˣ˹Ȼġ
ԣףһаķԸȥ¡
ȵ˿Ӻ󣬰ȫĵͶ뵽˿ƵֻеԵڿҵУûո˹˵ˡ
˹ֻܼվһߣؿŵС£ϸ޳ֱһµػӶſԵóʮָ䡣
ܼġѡУҵûĻ𻨷·ҪһƬ
԰ԣеʮָûģȥҲȫκηӰ죬Ȼޱɡ
ޱȵظҵУЩ˺ܿͻеᷳȴһġ֭С
ڳֿеİһҡ֡סǻҽԲʯۿɰþһſŷɿ
ȻӦǾ仰ɿԶ֪һʲôζġ
ԣÿҲǳɿԶ֪һȥʱʯʯͭʯͨʯ顣
ӵаͼæ˸ϳƬԴȨԴ˼ֱֶƣ
ֻϷĻȻÿſʯΪøӿɣҪôһϺϴըԿֱӽкըҪôֻѡԵؿɴи߼ֵƵĿʯ
Ȼ۵ĻҰɫʯҲиʱĽʯϷ浽һѾƵǲƴֵңǸǵˡ
ʵȻͬ
ʯɲϷܿͻˢµԴֻһԵġ
ڰ׼ġһһ顱ϡԴ
ԭ򣬲ʲôʯϺ;ֵȥԻÿһ鶼õøɸɾ
ҪǿƽƽĻҰʯܵʯĲܸʯĿ֡
±ֻͨú̿Ҳʡ̿ʱ侫
ÿڳһʱ䣬ɨһϷĸֽʯĿױȵС
ʱҲӸЧˡ
ۿ߹¿󣬲֪ƣػǱΰèèעĸӣӲޱȵʯͷ񱻷ڻѰĻͰÿһ䶼ҪһĻ桭
˵ߣ鲻ԽرǵʵǿӰǣ
ÿӣǱ㲻ſת˲£Ǳʶص
·߲ʯ޵صѣһСɫ̳Сʯӣȴת˲ʧˡ
һǱΰèèȡ˰ɡ
ʹƵػӶͷһ˾Ϳ˴ƬƬصˣ۵׵ľηҲԽԽ
èè
ˡ
һ߿ȵУֻи˹ȻףŴʱԽԽλõ̫
ȫڿ״̬еİоʱš
ϾйΪľڻ赹ľ
Ϊ˲ĹĹܼܾţǶٻעһ¾ġ
½ܿڷصĲɿ䵽1/10ΣλʱгϢˡ
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ӶӵƵȻȴٲȻδȻϰʮָ
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¡
¡
һ¡
һˡ
޳ġȴͣİµ12ʱ⵽˲سŵġӦ
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ҷӵĳĴ֮˶ֲ£һС۴СĺӰȻǴѷðΨһڿİϮ˹ȥ


79 
£
˹ֻԼǻ, ·ͣһ˲
ɫͫٿȻŴһҲطܳȥ
Ȼڰǰļ, ˲ò˳ӣվȴ
ʹڳ㵵Ӧ, ҪӵϷ, ٳ嵽Ѿǰһβ̵ľСߡ˲¡
, ȺͨڡĹ񣬷سĵȺȥ
˹֪ǣӦʵ졣
µһ, ظоˡ͸ͷġ֮ǰȻͬո, Щˡ
ӳ, ȡʯʱ, 㱾ܵ˷
˶ûӦʱͻȻȺӿ, ֱϮͬʱͲشϷȡǱÿγ֡ڳӡľ޽
Ψһ, ˵ĿûڴϣǱͻȻĹŹŵˡ
ЩŹĳͷ­צͼĹ, ϢڵеĶĳªĹ
ϲʲô, ֻеëȻ

ʯͷŹ
Ǿš
ȻΪܵĿ־ʱ, »
˹ܼҵķӦ, Ҳǳ˸ѡ
˺ü, γ, Ͻڹܼ, ˵ķȥ
, èè, 
ɱ뵽ǰһȥƣǲ¸ƴؼţ亹৵ȫˡ
һ̣˶ʶسݵoš
ΰèè񰡣˰ɣ
˭֪ɳ˭¶ԣΨ²һ˰
ЩѨ굹ںڰĵʯѨߣͻȻĹ߾ţǱԶƽʱӷҲӾ߱ԡ
ܵڶ۲űϳʲôȻЩմϸצӹ
ػӳ˴󽣡
ŵˣ㿴¾׵÷ϸֱۣ׾ٵػӶǱտɫ
һͨ͸ϢĹ⻡ٿȻȻߡ
һ峺ޱȵˮС
ĽĺһֹѪ
žɳ֨£
һ̻ų׶ǣһ̾⵽עıѸ͹
ǿ⳹׼ŭצҪ˵Ⱥó㣬˲䱻׳һ»ɵؽϺܡ˦˳ȥ
еġѪЩе˲䣬Ѿ׷롣
еֻܵش׹ǰ뷢ޱȵĲҽУ
ȻȻֹ
ʵ֮ǰٶȼˡèèı
ÿӽǲҪġҪεڵأ˹Ҫ
ɱ⣬Ҫ뽫޲˶֡ķԼ
ԿɰèèıûйoֳͣĹͷЧһĺá
˹ʶʲôʱѾܵػӳ񵲵һˡ
Ϊ˫մʱ۾ֻӳ˺ѹѹһƬ
ڲȷȺڵĵ˵ľ£ڱѡһ߻ӶһɵسȺķȥ
ʵ֤ڱΪѱǰȺӵĶѨֱòһº󣬱ҵʬͣ
κͣ٣һ֣ڿ֮ǰ㽫صʬ塭ţսƷͳͳսϵͳ
˲ò鿴ϵͳսƷľжʲôͱٳ嵽ԼǰĹܼʵʵػ
ƽ侲ĵֻʱŻĸ˹ھͬӥŭĻĸŽ䱸ܡ
ɫͫضʯ
ûˣ˹
ġıģܵ𶯣ﲻһûܰ˺ˡ
˹Ȼš
һûתСûп˵
ҲûмŽƿ
Ǵλ赹¡֮ķչһ֪ظܵĹܼܵؾš
¡
֪˶ã˹Žٵƽ
صǸɺ޵Ķڣطҧתϵصϥ£سǱɣʣµūǷ²ȥ
ҪĵĻ˹ӵˣҳ档
̾˿
ܶԹܼǸ⣬εûж
ǹ壬˹˵Ӧø
˹Ĭ̧
صӳЦŵС˵۾ĵس
ΪѪĹɳǵ߷ŵõᣬؽ͵ΪάҫҶΪµ˶ˡǿ죬ֻǼֻ񡣡
˹Լ̷ˣĸȫԭػ
Ҫһж˳ӦλĹܼҵĻǿͳһλֻܱġʹ
һаﶼӽߣԶάǷݿɹĴࡣ
ͼ֮ǰǸ¶ġĻûȷ
ǵȷֻڹܼһıӻ£һλ覵ġʹ
ǡ
ظܵСµľģ˹Ҳ˲ŹõǿϮԹĳĬ
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Щϲŭ޳߸ϵ飬Ӳϡ
Ѿһλޱãˡ
ڵȴޱšôһλġȫ֪ȫܵèèܹһֱӻԽԽǿ¸ңҲԽԽâڵСˡ
ˣ¡
˺ܾã˹Ŵۣش
ܼҲʵòΰèèıӣεˣҲֻˡ̫ˣٽʱڸĵط㻤
ıͽָ潫Լ޵еĴڣʹΪΪյˡ
һЩϷϵͳĵߣͻȻʧЧأ
ǿȲѣղŵȺһ⡣
ʹӦ㹻ʱˡҲʮûκ˺ȴǸֳĴ˾ӡ
ֻҪǿܴΣյĵطûһЩ
˹ĴԷһЩ񣺡л¡
òװ˰סİŰɿ
ȵɡ
ɨǱһڳĵѨڡ
ȻԶѨڿܴڵԴܸȤû˾֪߱̽ʶ¡Ͳ̵䵱Сȥ̽յĴ㣺˵
һ硢þ˵ףҲѾߵܹˡ
ֲܳܵ죬Ǹ취Ҳ١

һվŵķ¶¶˶ڼ׷ġºд˿΢Ц
ڵؿ͵ѨĴڣˮļƻǿ϶ҪƿˡעҪ÷¶ײˣӰӵٴθͼˡ


80 
Ϊʱֹͣɿİ, ܿǵĻ»ص˳Ǳ
չһ㣬ͷʱ
ڳԹͺҲûмųȥ, Ͼʱ䣬ϷƷ
ĿնɱӬʱõġȴһֱ˵ķɫ
⡿һƷ, ֻϲ
;ҲȷϵͳЩ̱һ, ҪôĲ, Ҫôǡṩ;ֵظħ
ϾֻԲӬϵսƷ
ֻһۣͲȤؽƿˡ
ոɱȺѨջǡ
⡿x31Ǿµ, ȴô
x20ԶѨϡ, 
ף
۾һˡ
èèӻЩҰĶѨ, Ȼڹ
Ⱦ, ֶ
ҪΪչ˸˹˵飬ֱؿ, ˵ʣĶѨսٻغϣ
졾롿Ҫ֮һ, 롿ܲء
ȻءӰӶûеܷӳʲôãǸͷβδ֪롿, ҲȱһҪϡʯ, ؼ, 롿һ䷽, Ҫɼߵĵȼﵽ6ܽ
, ɼߵ򵥵, ֻҪˡ
, ԼֻҪٿ175, ܽɼ6
ʱҲһϵԴ, ȫûҪż
ȸԾģǡ⡿Ҷ31ݣ
㹻ǰòŽ䷽һöָˡ
ڸ˹ܼֻڱĿСˣʵѾ˲ͨϵͳ䷽˽ָ
ʱѾһöǶСĴָ׸ǴƯʯָ
ϵǣöָȻ˵
˵1йоأΪṩ
ָһ
һʲô
ز鿴š
˵2ɥèèϣֻk͵Ľָ

šèèĽָȷӵиǿԼӳɡ
֮Է׼öָԭ򡭡ȻΪϷϵͳ趨ͬʱö
һָҲǿţܼӵԣҲʤޡ
ҡèèĽָص͵ġָ˵ʵ̫ߵˡ
ĿǰΣյϣֱһߵĵݣش֡
ƤȽϺİҲһֱԡǿȳݵĿУֻҪʱٴˡ
Ҫ˵ԼΪԣֱһҳʮɡ
Ÿείġèè񡱣Ҳһ
һС
˹
ղһ߰öƯʯ䣬һ˽սǹʹؽָ˳ȥ
ɻĹܼ΢΢һЦҶӵĹܼʹ͡ϰɡ
˹巴Ӧ뷨ϥ¡
Ȼȫ벻ԭԥƬ̺˫ֹؽӹöЩĪʹͣл¡
ѵϽ̰Ĺܼ¶һͷˮı飬ЦЦûκν͡
ԼоҪõĻһֱƲȥС˵Ҫεֻ˧è󷢣Լʦˡ
ϸ룬˹ΪİΣǰ档
ЩԵĽָԷʵʡ
Ϊ˲⣬ֱ飺ˣǱߣԱյˣ
˹ش𣺡£¶Ѿѡѡˡ
֮ǰԤϵĲࡣ
ܵظṩƽȵĻᣬڲ˽¶˵ɸѡ£߳ѡĶƽֻū
ɵūкüλƽֻΪҾ䣬ŲòΪūġ
Щ󣬲̾˿
֪ʶȻǿġɨäжڱа
ķ²أʣҪɣ
ֻ˱һЩֻĶũ︽ľۼͨṩĹᣬūѧϰĻԡ
ϸ󣬾ͷֲʵ
⿿Ӳġ֪ʶֻҲǿ¥󣬲ʵʡ
鷳ҲҪȴûūѧȥ
ڰҪͷԱһ½̲ģǺܿڸ˹ܼҵİ£ҵһֳɵԴ
ҵġ
Щȣһֱ㶯õĲֿ⡯͡èèպסȻдܱΪαĶ
ڼ﷭ҹڡѧ֪ʶҲˡ
ʱƽѧϰ֪ʶٵĽڣ֪ʶСʱ˽˽ʦЩȥֻܹͼʸԽƽġѧ
ҵ̲ģˡ
źһѿαֱ²޳й͹үΰĲ֣±һ׼԰̲ġ
ˡȹһأͿľʼӡˢˡ
Ȼһףԭϼ۸£ӡġ
ΨһֵοǣʱȻûиõӡˢɱֽͨѾˣӡˢ
ŻҪʮ죬¡
˹ȻޱĵﶼЩ˼ظ˾׼Ĵ𰸡
ص˵ͷϷʵร˹˹װĸ˹Ҫû飬Ҹô찡
˹΢΢ȴǰţ̷ֿҵң𾴵ĵ¡
ЦЦؿ۴⡣
ԭЩ⣬֪ʲôʱ򲻼ӰҰ׵Ʋڱ˴롣
ЩϲԳȥˡ
˹ʶֱͦˡ
ǵǻھ֮״̬ƽüûеˡȥӱ߰ɣ˹ýͨͻõСֵܾù⡣
ڿ󣬸˹Ӧ飬Ȼܽܡ
΢ɿӦȥ׼𾴵ĵ¡
ڵϵطյشʱ
ɳǻ·̵ĻҰϣʽнš
ֻ񵱳İһƧԵøĳӵˣһƥʹڻͷҲܿ񿥵İصǰ
˹ŷŷĴӣоء˹ŷŷ
ʹѾƵסˣǹڵոУɹÿݻƵĲݵأͲʱɰĲˣȻ겻ѡ
ԽǽӽеɳǣԽеꡣ
ģ
ʹǸˣȻİ˹ϵֵط
˹ŷŷ£ӺȻСѣǰ治ԶǸ׸ˡҪ·һ
Ѿˡ
ҪǲѡһСڸ׸ϢĻζŽҪҰ¶ˡǵɳǻнҹ·̣оµһԽԽ
׸ǣ
زõüɲء
ɲʱǸĸ˹ŷŷʮ졣
ڰؿֻ˶һζͶˣֻһϲŰŮͯһǡ
뵽СʱĿùһУرԽеŻǰ
ǶһۣĬĬ
治֪ΪʲôλоҪĲʹҪַܵƧ
λ˹ŷŷĹ͢У൱ĴڣίһĲ¡
ôԼĸߣǷҪȥȡõԶȥɳͶһ֪ʧȥһ̵ĹҪöˡ
ȻزԸɲ򽻵Ը׻ˡ
ʵڲáڴƬʱݾȻɲȵǸеģ§֡ȡֵĲµ塣
ڲǴ壬û۶ϣֻǵѪֹĻ˿Ҳʮأһ϶ǲܼߵˡ
γУǸַųģ࣬ûбõƥ
صɫһº͸ˡ
ʹٲԸҲˡ


81 
һ˵֤ͨ, һ񣺡Ը𾴵˹ŷŷ¡
ÿǳعoһΪ˱ð, ʺʱֱԡ
šֵ΢΢ףȥݷɸµĻǷ·
ʹɲΪһоеĽ, ;ԷزȥԷʺ
һԷ֪Ļ, ǽǼصӡͬڶϾ໥սźš
Ļظܿðصһ±ˡ
ԷǸȻʮֱǸ, ͳȥ, ⼸춼ڳǱ
, ź
ؼʵ˵, ȴεˡ
ǵһ׸ǣҪҵʵͶ޵ص㣬ǺѶȵġ
ʹӺͻŸ̤׸һͱһȺŴŲľ·ȽСĳкΧסˡ
Ҳܸɴ, ֱ׳һöңȥõᡣ
ɲڳĻǣƱҪڳǱˡ
ֵɡ
һȺСк˲, Ϊöͷ
ץסöҵ˶Ͻܻλ, ۵ϴĵЦ𾴵ĸ, ʹȥ
׸õ, ȻɳЩҪõöࡣ
زϴ, ·׼͡
Ȼû𵶲棬㶢ǱײǲӾƣüʲôЦˣ
׸Ψһɵĵطûкһˮһڿˮ
ˮԴҲ򻧶ˡ
ʵϣΪ˲ɾˮʹкȥʱг֣Ϊ˰ȫһֻصĿṩơƷ
С͸̣Ҫǵĵطʲô£οɾʹˡ
λоү¶죬õϢϰʱľΪǾˮ⣬ϽûƽƵǼҾƵˡ
ɫģһӵȴһ˵ĶԻ
ܿأʧȥȤ
ΧŽǮŮ˴תģһЩġȫ޽Ļ⡣
ȻΪѹݲö۾һ˲һϤֱش˶
áͬȶ˵ţûһͰƣΪڸ׸ҵңλȴȥˡ
һٻıȶȴͬĻΪһ˵õˡ
ǵһμôĹˣǹ
һôؿôʧٶ󣬷ǵûǵöԷȻŭʩԳͷº͵ؿζò˼ʳ
˵ǡ
ѸپԼĻ
λŵˣ¹õЦݣ鲻Խ˳״̬Ҫ̫ƶˣλõʹ߰
ֻڴеһһġ
ϣ뿪ɣȥ
һͻȻ
Ǹȥɣ
ȶһϽתľһλӸµǣ̻ɫûһ˿塣
ǵģ𾴵ĸ¡
Ѹ
߰Į
λµЩʻĵĹ£ǰˣǴ򽻵ġΪϤĹɡ
΢ۣò˿һԼһطȻ󡭡ɳǵмţȫ˵

಻̫ԶɳУɺӱߵٴο콫ٴļˡ
⿿ͻָǵ㾫Ȼǲġ
ۿŶӦòʲôǿϮˣϴζڻȴһ
ǰԳø˹ܼҲ鿴ʱ͵һҷɿ
ڿйҺ󣬾Ȼָ˺ܶ࣬ҲòС
ˣɡ
˾ġ
һߵţһ߾Ĺ۲žϸ΢ı仯ʣµĴ
໹ܵ
һǲ٣ϧûе϶ٱ䣬Ҳûмʲôϧϡ
Ȼŷ޵İ
̾ţֽϹ͹㶪¨ĵؼ
ڶˣС㡣
һˡ
׹׵ĴԱ׺ŵı־ɵգգۡ
ԵĻϼֱˡڷ㣬ͼͬڰ͵ı䡣
Ե㼼İԣ𲻴
ޣװèè񰡡
ڳ֣סΪսԡѾĵôǷ졣
Ц㣬š
ǽһˣΪûдϡָת͸˸˹Ľ򲹳΢öɣ
žɳ
ڰעУŷɽѩˮڵĺɫһԾˮģһֻСɾ¡ȴĴ۵ġ
ǽǼһζĽľӿڵʯ䣬սϷС
ö޾ϤеƷʱ㶵ۣʧˡ
Ȼĵһöèèָ
һöָȻǰһöһģһ˵ȴϸ΢Ĳͬ
֮ǰġָһ˫˵ġ
ãȻز鿴š
˵1ΰ󿶿èèıӻ£k㽫â貣޲ˣЧ 20% 10%
ھȶԺȷһ˵ͷһöָϵûа
һ
˵2ԵѰζèèܸˡ 20%

ڶ˵ûͷûԣȴ͸̿ĿɰϢ
èè񡭡ҪޱȷֻԼξĻèè񡯱ҲĻҪϴoˡ
ɵˡ
ôôɰo
΢ӡ
Ըⱻ䣬§ţҲֻ˵ëסรβͳ
ֻóһ¡
ʱҲСģòУ۸
ҪèèoĻΪϺŪk˰ɡ
˵Ҳǡ
ȻΪʲôϵͳڶöָµԣ֡Ϊoʮָˣ˾ָǿĽͣδҲ̫ˡ
Ϸ趨еһְɡ
롣
ϾǰϷʱҲûŷز˶ָһڶʱڵö
ڶöʱͻἤĳɾϵͳӶõԣ
ҲϷϵͳ뱻ˡȻصвèһҲ޷͵BUG
ȻĻ
˵ԼȻ޷ٷְٰĵİ˸°취
ޣװèè񰡡
Ĳɵذͣ˾ģʼĬš
ĴڵĻӦҰɡ
þʱ˳˯ߵoİͽٻ
kɫʵĽɫ



£
ңԶصȴһ󣬰ڸ˹ǵѯУ¶ȻЦ⡣
ûʲô
Ӧš
ǳڱܣԼոշ㻽ǹΣҲؾͻӳһˣٵ͡
Ȼֹ


82 
Ȼͬһ﷭δ
ڻƽ, յԸӡ
־͵ùǲ֪ġҪѾĵֻʣһ㣬оһڵǿ֢
ΪڶöèèָģԼ֮ǰѾޱȼ޵, Сˡ
ĸ˹
š
Ŀ赹ΡøĹĹܼ¶Ӱ
ģ´ξԡһ϶, һ㾫
ڶ䷢Ĺ, Ĵεξ
ЩǣԼȻڻƽУȴûϴ, ֱӡ͡
ǸպվҵĴ⡣
ǳѵõӱ̬, ҲŴԼˡ
һ۾ҪһЩ鷳, 翿ߣèοһԼ
ô, ԥƿǶǴġȴһƬëĴš
ס
Ŵϵκȵգգۡ
ȻϤҳ裬ֻһжɴ죬Щû⡣
еģλӢֿɰèè, ȴûƽʱӡè衱ִضڴͷȴ
Ǵ󷽷ռˡĴ
ŴȻ󡪡ٲλë׵Ľɫèβ̬͡ȴȡˡߴèèֱ˫ȡ
΢ţȫ¡
ȻԼξУ鲻Խ¶Ц⣬Ų, ؽӽŶԷ
֪Σ˯ҲȻ񾭲׽ĵ, ˫Ļƽ΢һ
ķɿת, 
ֻһ˲, ƺΪkǱʶ, ܿ˽䱸طˡ
ǼȲҲʹkһè˯ʱ΢ƣŵķš
ĽɫβͣҲд봹ڴߡ
ѵؽߴβƿ˿
Ư۾صӳųߵoź
ҪϣôֻȴôɰèèϳεĴϡͺˡ
ĽȻ֪èè֮Իǰ˯ţȫΪʱµԸ
ʵɵͽϣoܻȡ֮ҲվԽԽʵˡ
ʹk಻ס̰ġÿİͽᣬֻҪöԷԼòĻҲάⳡɢġ
ڲİΪʡҹҪõȽ΢oԸѡ˯
ֻеkΨһĵٻkʱŻݵӦԸ
Ҳǡ
׿˵ҪӵԼӵĽָʱkԥسȡİͽԸ
ϰԼľͻȻԣǰkȡ򡭡ûָĵk㲻Сٴ˯ˡ
kѵʱ̿Ҫʱ˽ɳǵգѾԼ


Ҳˡ

ģģʶ󣬵kۣܿȻ󡭡ȫסˡ
ӲӵԲͫӳһŸ˯ãõϢݡ

kٶ۵ʶ
kͬһŴϣ
ڻ⡰ߡ¶oòµĶ
k΢škΨһϲŵͽӽ
βͺβ⣬Ψһܱ¶kʱ˫èҲĵۡ
kĺܸˡ
oʵš
ûдĽָkܸˡ
úܺŵkkҪһöָkҲܸˡ
kͬһŴϣѡ˰ŵkõkˡ
꣬ڻƽ밲ĵ˯ʱȻ֪ϲġèè񡱣׾ģĶ
kģµģǰĶõkĻŭŵһ
ƽУŨŨĽٿȻɢȥ
ڵkҡǶݵһ˲䣬ûбģġoĿݣޱ˳
oģ㽵ġ
ȴʮִЩľԾ
ĽѾ΢΢ͬΪɫ˿ʱk΢΢ס
Զžǻİ䱦ʱСϵͽʱľ޹жĵˡ
ͽ˯ʱkȣǾ°ĶϣЯŴֱ׾һǡ
ͬͽ죬Եk

ʱո
ǰ
һ졣
һ̣ʶشӴ𣬶Ҳܿ㾪ڴĸ˹
¡˹ϹϾصͷ񣺡ˡ
ðԸаĵǣĿ¹һءֻǶԱӻġèè˸ΡĴ߲ûϴΧһȺ˺ӹҽ
˸˹⣬ֻԼˡ
ڸ˹ǰ˿İ¶˰Цݣ˵û¡̫ˣǸ˹´һ㵣ġ
Բٰʣľôˡ
ϵǣ˹ڶݵĳĬףǣޱȸлΰèè񡣡

ôһ˲ΪԼǻǸ˹˵
˹¶ãȻСˣ鸴ӡ
СͻȻ赹ʱȷ㱻ŵûɢ
Ȼһ̣һůĽӦǰȽЩİסˡ
ڳ˶ʧ⣬űؽ˯ȥȵط˸˹ſıС
긣˹ϸ󣬰ǺܿͷӦˡ
뷨븣˹ĵȻǴྶͥ
ԭ͸֧赹ûһʱ䱻Χ˽סϷϵͳͻʽȷܱȫͻرϵͳжΪҡĳǱ
ϴú̿εڴߵú̿ҤԣʱȴѾڴˡ
ӦҲ
ˡ
á
Ҫһ·ԡ⡱͵ĻעĿĳ̶ȡ
еĻ棬֮ˡ
˹ԡèè񡱵ĴԽŵ󣬰һתɴ˳ʵ֮ԻεΪΰèèŶҽµ͡kϣҾܿ飬ѨпǱصĹ
ʵϴǴΰ뽻׵̸󣬰ǲٶҳϵĸ˹ѡèèġ
˹صģ˵Ը
⡣
˹ѾĿϵ쳣Ϊˡ
ȴĻ˵ʱ޿̲İΣڵһλĹܼ֮ĺܳһʱ¡Σա¡
뾡ȥԼڿʹ֣Ŷҵء
ԭź֪飬͵͵ͨʶͽoԲɵסˡ

ҡ
û˵Ļ

kĿ¶ã
kΨһͽҪֻǡҪèѽ
˹򴽡
ɿѹ˶λǿԸСǿıӻȴͬʱҲΨС̫ϿoЩ΢
˸м⣬ļ־ⴹףˣ¡
ɿ
ѵýȻޱȵ˶Դĸ˹ķ̣·ϴʱز鿴һ۾
ֻǿһ̣ɵۡ
֡
ھľǿƻ赹£ӦֻظһľΪʲôȴˣ


83 
һ, ˹ڡϵͳBUG⣬ʵҲĽˡ
Ͼֻǰܾѡ
ԴӰ֣ζĲȴ඼ṩ;Ļظ, ͲٰѾϿƵôϸˡ
ȻٿԣҲȻšѳʼһ, һ͹òԲǿ֢
ڳԹ, Źܼһ˳ȥʱ, ˾䣺˹, һ죬ͨɹģ
ղڿͿļת, Ӧæˡ
ȴһ㶼ģʽ
ÿ춼ޱȳʵ, ҲܿΪԼۿɼı仯, ǵҲõСĸơ
죬ͻ¼ֹҵȻôʱ䡭ֻ͸
µɻĹ壬ôɹÿһģ
ٿᣬ裬ʫ˵ıݺԡ𣿡һڼѰ, һߵˣп顣
ԽģƽūеĽġ
ڰǼȤ, ݳޡ
ٿᵱȻ˵ڼȼŵġܽټյĴ, һʮֲֿĿ
Ҫðʳ⿳, ʱŵ۷, Ƹ˵ֺˡ
ѾǰµǶŲԼ۵ĿŹ, ȽӵǴ˶Ӽزóҵ۲͡
Ȼ˷ѵٰᣬΪԼˡ
ңЩԵ§ƯŮ£Ȥ
һЩᰮԣȻҲǰֻżλӡֳֹУ䣨ľΣ㣩ô򵥡
ѿƸߵþˣǮˮᶼԶԶ֧
ںļ󣬰ͷ˲ϹǰȥԳԵĻ档
Ϲһˣӵһֻ50ͷĴѪȮȺ
еĹӵеȮȻÿҲٻЯ10ͷˡ
ʱ䣬ȮʳϺѵȮʦķãһͷƤ֡
˳ɱ󵽽զȮ⣬иӷǮӥԡӵ50ֻӥĹӶ40Աҵѵӥˡ
Ϊṩʳ͹ʣһҪ200öңԶȮĿֲ
ʵڲ֪ʲôȤζԡ
˵͹۲ÿԳϵֺġ
Ҫ۵Ļǡӥ빷ɣȮëһɫ
ϧĹԴУðΣյҰΣաȥѰЩݵ¹ͺꡣ
ͨЩŻʵ˿װòһڰȫĸ̨ϣֵعۿԼʿӥȮڳɱȴΪԼҫĴֻ¶ñƯëƤ
ƫƫʵԻЩš׷̼Ĺ
ۿôӴһҪٰϼء
֮£ʫΪԼݸ裬լڼ￴飬Ƶǡڼּҡˡ
Ȼûӡˢбīֽŵʱ鼮һɫֳ
򵽴ֳּֽ鼮ҲҪϲǮֵùҫİˡ
˹ĬƬ̣ص£ᵽЩ⣬Щ˻壬ǹۿʿϱ䣬Լ׼Ϸ硣
มһ˼
ˣ䡱͡Ϸ硱ģʽǿԲοһ¡
˿ѡַʽʵ̫ƶˡ
֮ǰڼĿֻУ³û¶٣ȻûȥѰֵķ
ũæµʱڹȥˣĵз²ʿǶԵ˽ѵ
ٹһ°ɡ
ԾٰС;˻ıһʱĶɹʵʽͽ̵õǼˣ˳˲ѵĻԡ
ڱ󣬱õЩˣ˳µѡС
֮ǰˣѵеٮٮߵӣ6ٷų
ѡϵūĻۺͽΪƽݣҪƽĻۺڳаŽϺõתְλ
ڼһѡǷڶСԭְλϼ
Ϸ硱Ļṩͨյˡ
ҪпյĻʵֱ׫дȻɸ˹ЩʵѡһЩԢֵľ籾Ȥķʽ
ΪʡǮԱūƽҡ
ʵ޷ҵѡҲ޷ҪɫٿǻǮˡǿµõＯڶ׻ũĻֲˡ
ԽԽÿС
ϷĻضֳɵģΪļĹ㳡ڼɢȥһֱţֻҪټ򵥲һ£ٶڡ
⵱Ȼܴª㹻ù岻üͷ뿪
ɵȫǾǱڹڣǴûʸ˵ǹۿģȻ̫ޡ
Ҳû˶ʸۿϷ磺Ϊ˼γɶԵĳ˵ѧϰ飬׼⵱
ʲõģҪͷأʵʵغúѧϰɣ
6²鱾ĳ¼½еռУһ￼˳ɼõЩˣܵõ
Ŀ˷ʽ͵ʱٿɡ
Щ΢ȰĿ⣬ʱ¢ϣӱһһܵϡ
Ȼȫ޷ΪʲôҪԼôķӺͶ˵ľĽͳݣǴûɵ뷨ֻĬĬˡ
Ȼ˵һʥġ
֪ڲúĽôĿͽȴԼ
˹Ҳ²Сֻ˼һСʹĻõУ˺üƻ
λ϶˵Ŀ󳡣Ǳһβ̵ľ룬һ˶£Ǻܿ͵ִˡ
ûǶվڿţǸߡ
ΨһҪǣԼ岽ľ롪Ǹһ״ܼʱϵȴֲᱻʱֵҵġèèı˵İȫط
ź˺󣬰Ȳͳʮָ䡣
ŵѨڵķλԳķʽʽˡ
ʵøһãһЧʵķǱǰ䷽졾СÿըԿڽкը
֮ǰ޷죬Ϊú̿ȴȱͭʯԴ
èèṩ˸ֽȴ޷ԭɳʼʯ
ڵĻ
Ϸλڡͭʯһͼ½ǣǸλεġ143֡
ȻΪ᲻á
ú̿ãľǿֵͨ֡ڶʱġ
ʯȴܡ
ø飬̳˸ʱ⡢κʯ飬ΪʲôҪ˷ѱĲԴȥը
̫ݳޣ̫˷ˣȫ޷̣
龰еʹ
Ҫһ飬Ҳ999ͭʯΪ˱2ɡ
ǲۡ
ŵĽʱֵ¶ȴûͣһȥ
Ľ
Ļ˭ڷǱҪǽ£֮׵ϡԴ


84 
ڵѨгھʱ, Ȼõྪϲջ
ڵȻڱʯ󣬲ĲСܿ쾪˯ĶѨȺ
ԼԼһ˲䣬Ӧ, , ˡèèı, ŶڵķԵػ
йζԵеľ, ƺǽµ䡣
һ׷طĶʱ, ѾȫƵǼˡ
˹ոӦڳϮġ񡱵ȫò, ˶ѨһĲҺ
˻, ʬ׹桢߱ɡײʯڵӡ
ȻսƷ, λӵоò治ɫؼӣˡ
ͷ·ղգۼնɱȺ˿־ĹǼô΢Сһ
ˡڶЧҲۿɼľˡ
һЩȽϸĵ˵Ĺ۲£ѷһͷƤ¡ӳÿһ, ȶǱĲһ޲
׳ڿظҵĵеİȻǵĿ
ȿѺջ, ҪȤˡ
ÿһʯͷһµСäУøÿ֮ǰ, ˭֪ʲôʯ
ڵ3-4׵ʱ, ˳Ľͭʯ, µķ֡졾롿رһҪ, ؾ
ֻаƴСɫʯﲻ۵ľʱȴһ±ȸԾھʱҲˡ
ڱȽϰӸ񡢶ԽԽĻĸ˹СһֱЩزĻƣصĸɾ
̫ܿԽеλã̵سƶ
һڵټף֡
ʵڵͷϣȫǿͨʳظġ
ֻȫûбҪ
ʯʳﶼ޵ģڲҪʱÿȻָľֵ꣬Ҳ㹻ˡ
Ϊ˷ֹ־֣һ㾫
ȥɡ
˵⻰󣬸˹Ż˿ǣ¡
ڻȥ·ϣ㿪ĵžϷġԼ˴ջ
ǰ˵ջһӵСͨʯϡx1490ͭʯx268ʯx105ʯx49ú̿x53
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ˣջġؾx6
ûԥã˾
δȥɼߡĵȼ
ȡ롿䷽󣬾ͽؾȫȥɡ
Լ˵ɳÿʱͻرƵ
ɳǱŴƬ֣סķݣԲľΪĽġЩ׵ˡ
ԼɵĿ˵ʮǰһλصˣɳʱˣ˵ȴùر׵Уֻʣһˡ
Ϊûˣʵȴȫô¡
ôصƣЩֻͨ۲βӹҽܾȹοڴ׵oҲoŭ
ᱻ׵еģһڹȥѰ˲֪ȴشŭoŻήôĳͷ
ȻǱˣôҽԸȥҽ
λһϢĵùûеõκʽϵľΡ
ڵʱϢ¶һ£˫˫ţӽɺ
ƲˡΪȯķãȻرλռˡ
ѾʱĴձĮԼײ޳ܺͲ̶һ˽⣬ʱ̶ڱˢޡ
ȻֵѾףƻ軹һСʱ䡪ɳǵԸôͻصǱ﷢
ȥתȦ
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صȥˣΪū㵹ʡֲȱصǿء
ȷϴ綼Ѿɹָŷĵתȥ
ߵΪεתǴͺȻͣסŲûǰˡ
סĸ˹ˡ

˸ƣ󷽷վѧУĻᱻ̵οᰮʮʺϹ۲ĵط
ؿ¶ѵµԱ
ĹܼȻУڡĸ̶һ죬Ѿˡ
ֳɵ鲼ĥĶ£էûʲô
ںϣȴһģһԲȦҲģšĸСҲϣȺµףԸͼ
ֻҪһۿȥ׽봩ƲĶµˣһֳˡ
Զһȷ¶ȻǸͷСǸغס󣬰ˡ
Ȼˡ
Щ˼롣
ΪΪ¶ССŮֱЩ˲۸ĳء
ûʶǣ¶ĽǰֵýǹǿСŮ˵ǰȴѾŲˡ
ĥѣЩɭϸɻľԼɸĻƵޱӵԭ򣬵ףԱֳʱ˶еЩŲ
Щƽưƽ֪ǻͨʿ˵顢ȡԱĻᡣ
ͨˡΪʽԱ֮ǰǶöԽ֪ʶ¶˿Ϳ
˰ĺһĻ
ЩСรʽഺڵļһ׽衣
ԴԭԲཱུĿɰγΣƵĿɰëҲɫǰɫĳֻϲСʱģˣͽɥʧ˸ǵ
˵һ߱ȵĸβһСĶˡ
ص¶ˣҲ˵ëɫӡݵ˫ȷɱŵʺǣܱƵϿɰ
۲죬ߺøжǷӰСķٶȡ
ԽԽܣǰ𣬾ͱֻйµظһһΣȷøжȲʧȥ֮ǰһܼ˵Ļˡ
£èʡ
ҹλװ׵˱ƽʱһһ߻ͨ⻬Ļƽ
춼ȥľɣȡںͿ175ѡɼߡ嵽6ðѱ
߻赹ϷϵͳûܶԻȡġ󹤡н㡣
ۻľֵһĻ˵һѡ󹤡嵽5ء
˵꣬鲻İ̲סèè񱧵øˡ
һЦţһ߹һţװèè񰡣Ȼɰ
׼İͽиո۾o΢ƫƫͷ
ʹkź֪ɬɿ±۾
kڻƽһʶҲʵؽĻůǵõһ𴫵˹
˺ܾã䶼Ѿù̵ĵkСӦ
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85 
֮ʱ, Լƻһ˵ľˡ
Ųȥһֵԭ, ֻµֳɵл
⿿ÿȻָһܾȻǲġ
ΪƵʱڵǰɼߡĵȼ嵽6ý롿ָϣϧˡѪ֮ǰ᲻õҶˡ
峿ҹᳯͿҫ
ɡ׮Ա߳ĢҰϵȫɨһ㶼Ź
ԶЩҰ, ʵŵˣ֮ʰȡ
ĢĻͨձ֮Ψֲġ
Ͼڹȥ̫ūΪʵڰסʹ, ժһЩʳá
Щû˸һ, Ұ, ҲͻȻðһЩɫޡذ׵Ĺ
ūܲ˼ĥһЩؼҳԡ
˼˶, ˶ڵڳľʹкȥˡ
û㵣ǡ
ֻҪܱʰĢ, ܲܳ, ܵõϷϵͳıļϿɵġ
ֻҪܹ4ֲͬľ, ͿԳǿָҩˮˣ
ڸ˹ܼҳֹע, һ·ɾɨһиɼߡľȡصԴ
̤ĵ, ʱûüֵݺͱ˳µ, һԴûʣˡ
4ֲͬ͵Ĺ, ʵǷǳôա
ڿһ󣬰һСŵһָʱһߴԼǿ챻ı
ƽʱԴǿ֢ƵþıȴµǧٹֵĶ
ɫ»ùʰ쵺ڹɫħɫ綾ⶼЩʲô
΢顣
ָҩˮҲҪʵ£ٿԼϡ
ˣɡ
˸˹Ȱ˵ڸɴؿСҺ󣬾ͺԥǱݵĸ첲ȡԵĸͷˡ
ˡĿһֱܼţҹ
һֿʱְҵȼڳʼ״̬ǹߵЧʣܴľֵǱȽϵ͵ġ
ڵѾһǰˣ
Ӷʱľߣߵɱ󣬡ˡʱڡ
˽ʡʱ;Сɡ
磬ոѧģŻӳͷ--γͷһһֵĽֱ׶Σ΢΢һֻȥʰȡλ׮ľǵ
һԭΪ֫彩ֱ˷ѵƬʱ䣬ܵõá
ҪϷϵͳÿֻһֵߣֱ͸ͷһϡ
ԭصһߵĸ˹ڰ಻סĽˡ
ڶ֪С˲ȥΣյĿزɿȴֶƣؿҹ߼䣬ۡ
̲סȰ𾴵ĵ¡ҹѾˣ׼ȥǱɣ
ҹ̫δ֪Σա
ʿѾѲӹƬػ֣ȷûд޳û
Ӱ涡Ӱأء
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ķΧ¸ҵʿеЩ΢Ų
˹Ȱ˵ԭڷľУͷ˵İЩ
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ĸ߼ʳңࡢɱߵһηľ
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Ż¹˺һź֪ԼȫԴϡèèָøõĹԴ
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Ŵϵڶֻʱ

˶ʶر类˵۾˳
ԭԵʵȣ˲䱻Ȼǿ
ͬʱֻèèָɢڰ׹⣬ǿֳȣһС̫
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ֻһöָһߵĸݡ
ȻĿֱӵǿȡ
ȣҹΪṩСΧҲƵϸոպá
ڵĻ
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ǣԭΪֻǡõPRO棬ȴӲˡ PRO MAX
˵ǼСΧˡԭҹǵһСƬ򣬶иճ˽ӽ
ǰϷʱôǵͬʱöָʱȻôֲ
ֱָ
ժ˵ڶöָ
ǻ۾ûͻǿָǰΪǵΣµһſںรװèè񰡣лش⣬ҽŬʾϿɡ
УͽǺ˯лѵoɻͷ
Ǹõkҵǹ΢ָ̲סԼԼͽϲöָĵع˸
˺ķ̫δٰ档
ǿ˰Ļ󣬵k˵ͷ
Ķ΢βҲֹͣ΢İڶش䡣

ҵġ

kɥš

ϲ𡭡



86 
Ϊ˴չɼߡ6ľֵ, ʵʵؿ
ڶƻʱĿʵѾ175ˡ
ֻһ£߸˵ؼȥ
ʣµǰܾ, ͨҲĽˡɱô, õʵڿϧ
ǿɫ͸һ졣
űǾķܶ, 5ľģ㡣
6, ԭʣµ1롭Ѿӵн13ľͷˣ
ҲˡһΡǰֻеġƷı, Ѿٴγױװˡ
⻹ùҰĢ̫, ÿһֶҪֱռһӡ
Ϊ˲ñը̫, ԽժĢͨƳɡָҩˮķʽĵڳĸӡ
ȡ֮, ǱȻ26ƿָҩˮ
ţһֻèèĽָĻԹİ£̤˻سǱ·
̤Ұĵؽ磬㿴кüģģӰ, OO@@Ѱʲô
ȻֵָƬ׵, ū˻ĵؽ磬
۵ԹһĨɻ
ֱ, ձ鶼ȵضɹѿںڡ
ŵһĵӭ˿龥γڵĿʼ
Ҳֻǿʼ
ڵ飬Ҳָ׸ǴС, Ŀܻûðͷ
Ļôʳ, ŸҪʼĿ龥Ź
ܾⲻ̫ܡ
ԴΪɺ, ʹûȡ˰ա
ѹȥЩǰɶŷùҲūϰڵĴȫˣȥյʳҲ½ȥ
⿿֮ǰĸյݣū˵ġ
ū࣬ʳȴڼ٣Բ˶ԲҪҵضһˡ
Щܲ˼Ͳϱƽľѡǰİ¶ǵūǣһض·ϡ
㵽¶ֻߺһЩĳҲȻܽЩꤡݹ᾵ūġ
뿴ūȥֻ뷽跨Դ
ݳʯѳأͨ;ʶȣݸͷֶָЩ鷳μضҪ跨Ưϴη֣;
ֵȣʳԴļɶһūʱˡ
ȻȽϷϵͳ¾ͳ׳졢ҷ
ǣҲµľŪͷϹ£˶ĳҶ͸߾ȥһƬ͵ģ١
ܱÿһ깣Ѿˡ
ȻҪĵصȴ£ֻҪȵջ񼾵ĵ
ţū鲻Խ¶㽵Цݡ
˭ôЩʱյЧжˡ
Ҳðе
ɣײķ²ÿҲܱԸ߳ɱˡ
ô˱Ƶֵز
¶ɣͬҲǵĴڵĸ˹ܼңɫٿȻˡ
ԥسޣصڿлӹ󣬵ͺȵӵĵ
ƿЯ˵ġžһ£ȻըǼ˶ߡ
ʮ㡢ͳĺͰѵġС͵ŵһ򣬻ء
Ըΰèè𾴵ĵ£кãǽ͡
ڵûͷվ˳սսŹ񣺡һҪǵĻĲǵֻΪѰǵ˶ʧͷ
ˣ
գգۡ
Щ˶ĴΪǮ࣬òġݳƷ
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β߹Ĺ¾ȻỹǵǵˣλϵĹܼŵÿȺˣüҪ޳ˡ
ǾȻûȥ𣿡ļѾʮˡ
֪߹ˡ
ߵˣΪʣĻ̫̫࣬뵽ɱֲߣԭ·ȥ̫鷳˼컹û󣬸ɴͼ׸Ǳʿ
˵Ȼؿ
ǿǵԼԺ󻹴ֻǻỻһҪЩֳصĶΪСʿǴùϵ׬ġ
ҪʿԸܾͺˡ
֮ԹȻΪһٸӣҲôεĻ͸λ߹ޱȵĴˡ
Ȼ˹ŵǵʿǣȻܿЩ
ܾʱ˵µİ̲ס˼䡣
һҪôЩװëԭϡľģȻû뵽Ѿǰݺ˷ݣоݡȻһƥä󡭡
̲סܼͶȥڴ
°ɡ
ӴС˵ߺ󣬸˹治ɫ˿ڡ
ȻС˽ܣͲܰҪЩ
Щ䱻ΪôΪ׸С˵
ֱ
ڱǮȻ⼸õǼˡ뽻صʱ仹磬֡
ڳ걼·ϣڲЪŵͱиǣǺ⻨߼Щش̼ζٵʳġ
ϵģԭǱе̫Ļ
ٴ󣬼۸Ȼò˼顣
ҪκεּۻۡȻҲּܽۻۣ˹ֻ1.5öҵļ۸񣬾ͽĻȫսֿˡ
ΨһһЩģƥä
ΪȽϽǿöһ磬ǵҪ4öҡ
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Ŀ¶ã˹ܿǰһ͵ˤȡ
ԭǸù
ǵȴĲҲİ¶Ĩò΢Ц
Կ£Ǽ˷Ը˵λܵΰèèٹ⣬ʮϵͽǰҵʧĲƲǵĻʹȥһɡ
ȻƤ˹ΪԼ̫СĲŴˤ˶ȵˡ
룬Ͼϳ£ȥ̽һۣҲ˵ͨġ
ŵۣ׷¶ܳ飬Ըʴ֮ĵ£
Ƥ˹Ͷ޵Ǽʱüͷ㲻ˡ
Ƥ˹˵ã˵͸
ӡλֺˣֻڴ˴£ѾݵΡ
óԵһ˵ĵһ֪ڴҲǳڰΪȶðŴ󺹣ǲ̬ƺ죬صشٲȻ˻ԡ
֮ǰˤϵȣʱԵزű
Ա߻վһˡʢЩɫĲҺӸιҩҽ
ʧȥʶƤ˹ʱҲûʵ
Ƿܵιҩ£ֻùͷĲȾѿɫ
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ҽŲǵĵġҩˣҴվСػص𾴵ĵ°Ƥ˹Ѿȥˡʵ̫ˣԭˣȴħʴ˿ڣ
졣
𰸺󣬰Щ̵ؿλ
ҽҲܿԷ֮պͻԵԭ򣬶ǸȾˡǷǳȫȾ
ʹǷŵִҲһãΣس̶ȡ
ֻӹҽʱˡƤ˹Ǳʶ˵ˣѾΪܹ˵ͼҳһλ˰Ϣˡ
ֻ˼Ƥ˹ߣ˶ȥѰͷ˵ܶ˵ˡ
Ҳû취¡
ЩҪĲƲҪ˵ĳ̳еءȻҪе30%ҲǰΪŲ̳˰
ҪĪһͷܲǣɾҪܵɺϳˡ
ȻǱɵƤ˹˻ȻϷһոĶ
ָҩˮ
֮ǰѾ֤Щ⿵ͨʳֻܶϷϵͳãԱ˵ƺûκθЧġ
ǻ䷽ϵͳƷġָҩˮأ
΢
ۿƤ˹һϢڵϦֻбɻҽ̬ԹܼҷԸ˹ϣ˽ƥäǣȥ
ֻҪäûƤ˹һ԰ɡ
ڵƤ˹ԣȻҲûбõѡˡ


87 
Ͽûбùˡ
Ƥ˹˵롣
޴һжΪ, Ǹ޿ɾҩĴˣ
Զɳǣ˴뱲Ӷûƺڼ֤һ漣ķաλ漣ҪĹ, ͳùˡ
ǵ, ˤȵʱ㲻ںشϰʳ, λӵй⻪õò˼Ľ𷢵˵ݡ
ϰޱƶظλĿˣɳ, ӵƯĽɫͷ·毺òȴӰµصˣֻһλ
Ǿɳǵ, ϹΪʹİ¡
Ȼǹ£
Ƥ˹ζӵظ̾š
ȻôһͷƷûõĽ, ֻѪͳĹſӵа
ʱ, ǴҴƳġͻ覵Ļ, ϶˹䳰ȷ˲ˡ
ΪˣʹԳǱǸеޱʹࡣ
ûϵ, ȴûȺ׼ǿϮʱ, ˵ǱǼٵıһھʧǵߥ, ŰŽͼǿûǳǰ͵͵ߡ
ͷѹˡ¡ȷ
һ, ȴȻˡ
йһӦǿϮľ, ڶξҪĶࡣ
Ƥ˹ҲûٻˣҶһ, ͼתֱ, Щӹҽĺ, ѩϼ˪
ȫ񱻶¯һȻ˯ҪŻζʱ֪Լ޷뿪ǳˡ
Ϊһλ걼;ϵˣĶҽҪ̫ˡЩ˿޷ϵĲˣǱŧˮ͸մߵġ
Ƥ˹ΪԼеˣͲòöݵʱ䣬˼򵥵ؽԼȥ֮İš
Ӻһλˣﻹò˺׵˽ӡԼĲƲȻҪ鳤Ӽ̳С
У˽Ҳٵһ㣬ڲĸֵƽꡣ
ɵһҪ׸׸ΰèè񡣡
ʱƤ˹ѵõһС
յͷۻ֪Ѿ첻ˡǸϽץס˵ʱؼʣµҲƤȥˡֱɣٵ͵ļ۸ҲֱǱ
ǣƤ˹Ȼ˿ԹӦˡ֮ءɣһԵؽ𶼹Լϡ
ۼô漣Ƥ˹ȷֻԼ޴
ҪһЩܵèèıӻ¡λʹõһɳתΣΪĻöð
ʱµ鴯ڵĻĶ˵õòˣ
ǵĹƻҲռ˺ܴԭ
Ƥ˹֪Ҫԭ򣬻̫ˡ
ΰèè񰡣Щû飬ûˣã
ʱֱǱħԻˣȥǵ
ϵͽǲõıӵġ
èè񡭡èè񡭡
š
Ϊλ˹¡ָҩˮʱ

ΪèèһƭֵĻʹʵںѲ𺳡
ɳﵹ˴ùˣΪʲôôںߵġνo
ϺƤЩʹˡ
ϣָҩˮܼЧɡ
ҩˮº󣬾ۼͷˣ۾عעƤ˹Ķ
Ÿոյ顣
ΪȷЩøָĹŹֶɵҩˮİȫԣղԸƥäҩ
֪ǣƥʵʵιҩ㣬㹻֪ƥƢ˱оˡ
ƣǶʲô
Ŀ£ƥƢäڰȴ˳ò˼飡
ʵغҩˮ˵ǵͷǽģֳӲҪսԷһģ
ûע⵽ƥ׽ֻƢѱרĹעҩˮЧȥˡ
Ĵ
ڹһƿҩˮäȻûгһĿȻѪǰЩ걻ǿдϹ˺۸ǵ۾˰ȴһ±ǳࡣ
һЩȽµı޺ۣҲ漣Ѹˡ
Ȼ֤ҩˮ޺ǡҲðɡ
飬㽫һƿָҩˮݸԼʾһϢƤ˹ҩ
ޡ
Ƥ˹죬/
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һߵҽ̲ס۾ǣ⼸ڻ˯ҲҧأֿιҩӵȻһ㶼˵ҩˮ
ðڡ˰͹ܼҵ˶ĿһĻŷˡ
ôˣ
ջʱҪһغˣͻȻ
ɫŲĳ죬ʱҲȽϷѾ˭óԲۿɼĳٶȣͻȻ˺ת
ػһȦĿһ䵽ϣٿȻɴۡ
£
ɫǵøˣŵţΰèè񰡣ѵǱٻ𣿡
Ȼһֱ͵͵˼ĺ롢ĽֳԵʹôͻȻԼǰ
ֱλðõĳ
ô˵ոڻУȷеһɲ˼ǿȫ
Ƥ˹ز
ΰèè񰡣ѵҵꡭʹ͸
΢΢Цţûڣ˹㲻õسɫ
ܼŵǰһɵסС˵ĴΣûһ˿һУѵˣעǡ
˹ǣԲǿЦġ
ʿŵǶëֱġƽʵŨصľζıǣֱһ̻˼Ƥ˹һ飬ҲҺ˼ˡ
ʵϣƤ˹֪ԼѾޱ˵ˡ
Ҫǿڰ൱棬£ڵð˹ҪСµڣԶһǺı޴
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˹΢ۣһ󣬲Żһ
ȻҪΪɰСĵ߬ǣԸĿ̫ˡ
ޣΰèè񰡣
֪˭Ȼôһ
Ƥ˹̵Ƕ鲻ԽعĳغţĴȱܵ
ǿǿ
λȡһСƿעèèʥҩˮ͸˺ԭ˾˲תˣ
ԸмˣҲûƤ˹׿ڽһС
ȷϡָҩˮԱҲвСЧüˡ
˼ĸ˹˻صǱ룬̲סôɿ۾ܼңЦ˵èèµҩˮã̫ˡ
˹˳΢΢ףǵģ¡
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Ȼõ¶Цݵ£һֵӵĺ¡
ôţС¿ĵ˵ȥ
̫ˡԸ˵˵һԺ㣬ŵˣҾܡţèèˡʲôĹͷѪ
ڸ˹Ϊ˱󣬱ǿıл˺Щ˿ڵǼ죬ޱȵĶԷ˸Ⱦ
˵ҺûУŮҲԶǵġ
а취ƣʵ̫ˡ
˹סˡ
˺һŶ¶ЦݵС£ظ
΢̵ۿſڱտڼκ󣬲һͳɤѵסޱȵı
ޱȵػش𣺡ǣ¡


88 
˾ֵľ, ַԭΪֻǼߵĻָҩˮ;
صʱνõ˼㡣
װèè񰡡
һѩµĽޱȵر״Ƴɵвè, ڴ, ³
ΪҵĸлԿ桢ʵ˵ЦĿ˵ţҿΪ㷢չһλϵͽŶ
ڳ˶ؿˣԭɵƤ˹ں˶͵Ƿݹעΰèèҩˮ, ʹһϢһ±ûˣ
Ȼǿŵ˵˵˲ˣǽĳԣ춼ûԹ£Ҳ
Ƥ˹ɫ˿״ʵڳźõķнš
һ񼣡
Թ߹Ҿ̾ѣΰʴȵèè˾η, ֱܵӶݵƤ˹ǳ׳èèĿͽ
ɫеo΢ض˶䡣
ʵγɺ, k̶֮, Ѿؼˡ
ۺ󣬵kͽȫΪս֮ȵĴڡ
Ի̬ĵط, ܴӵkƹܵԴԴϵؼȡ
뵽ܿȥİͽߣk̲סе̵ġ
ô, Ҳܿġ

ллл

Ȼ֪λʵͽèè, Ȼصл
Ĺܽ, ͽвèŻ˴ͷ
, Ҫ֣ͺȻʲô½
װèè񰡡
֡ĵk̲סջĴƮɢ͸ڵϵһĨʶŰķ˹ȥ
k׽˫۾ǻҪҫĿ
ӯˡеkоƮƮġβҲ̲ס߸ģЦ⡣
Ѿüûߣˡһţμɡ
Լһ޶Ըk̲ס˵˦β͡

á
Ҳ㡭

Ը󣬰ɿ˴ۣڴؼ˲䵯Ľ塣
ķ弶ɼߡһְҵͻ6ء
ṩˡľʱľ 25%ĳפ״̬ġ롿䷽
ҪϵͳǿϢȲֱ뼴ѱá
˯ǰѾԶĶˡ
Ϊ΢Сźܿͱһ̳ԼǰϤĽɫɢӰˡ
װèè񰡡ٴαͽҵİһ¾Ϳ˹ؾصڴͷè꣬۾ٿȻһԥ˹ȥڼˣ
еϲǣ˫΢ŵĶ䣬ڲ׽ʱһ˲ԹԵسת˹
ƽʱԿƹŰ壬ôֵ̬ڴͷԸ̫èèȴ顣
ǰڴϵһ̣èèֻ˼ݵĳɣʹӴͷϣսˡ
˫ë׵ɫ䣬㱻˸顣

ָмõëŵıֹסط̡
Ȼϲҡ
k۾š
ȫİͽԼΪֱҪܿƵo˽ɫͫ
k⡭
Ҫʰء
ɵĳβͿʱȻһͳö
֪ʶҪӺķ
kǻԼܺú飬ᶨش߶غ֣
סˡ
Ϥİ
˵ϤΪڹȥǼξѾüˡ
˵İķʽεȫһ
ǰֱӳԺԵңԶģ
ڡ
ղ˵𣿡ؿè꣺èè񣿡
ξôôèèè裿
ϸ۲켸ۺȷһ㣺ԼĴӢϵĽȷһαһε
͸ʵĽɫҲܱȽطֱϸˡ
ϵ٣츳߳µĵ㿡ٱ
֫ıҲǳã޳ߴȴԴҰͿࡣ
Įׯء
ԴԼ̬ȴ͸һìܸС
룬Ÿۡ
ǡ¶
뵽ĬĬ
ԭõԸ񵥴è
ҡ
Ϊ˲˵ڵĻҲö϶ģk˵úȴԵ档
ڰһֻ䵭è䣬Σĵĺߡ
װϳصģһظ˶Ż
kİͽţ㲻ϲָ𡣡
ָ
ܿͷӦԷĻ˼ˡ
һ߷˼ţһĵ˵ǿװèèҵľˣôܲϲأֻ̺̫ǿҲʵʹã
˵ԭͶĵoױ޷мˡ
k΢΢ƫͷɿضһ£Щָ˵ػ˻ë׵β͡


ѵصȥβ͵ֽסЩԾ
ñߴȴȻһֻȻĵϵè
ù˳崿󵨵òèūģԵزè䡭
oȻ˿֪ԼѾɹèūԾԾˡ
һС󣬵kź֪ΪԼ̫ż˵ܿҪٴκľġ
룬ǿ
k롣
Ҫǿⳡʣµǵʱ䣬kضţȻͲܣˡ
Ȼڵkİͽǹõkеǿֺ׽ĴĻ£Ѱ˺˰
kǻᵣġ
СḳûסѴӰǸ˵һ𡢾õkǿҲ˵˿ڣҪ
kʱ͸Ƹڰϵʶ쵽Ƥ˹ĵ뷨ˡ
õˡ
ܵèè񰡡
Ҫ˴ɵЩиҪ׸ǣ
Ƥ˹һ𣬵k鲻ԽС

ֻͰè
ЩЦ롣
ҪԼ縺ֳδСǵĴףȺûèĴףȫûӰĴףȻҲҪ
ȫûеһ£ڼ̵̿ų˽oеҡҷķܡЦݡ
Ըװèè񡣡
ó質ҹݺҲɤ󣬺Цǳγεɫ
浹ӳűͽֵĸߴӰoס
ڵȷǰɵëҲûҲʱǳļƻ
ν飬һ߳èèǸ۲̫áڿƲסĳβͣһЦרע˵ٶҲֻңңҸëס㿶Ե㰡.
Ȼ
ط֣ëͺβ͵ĴСĻã
õkİoȴ񱻶ס㣬һ
ֱһ̣ԭûʵĻֺٿȻɢ꣬õ꣬ʶѸٵͻ˽硣
kĻŭš


89 
Ȼ̫ǵԼεĲִٽβ, ֮ڴĵһ£˼ع۲Լֵġ
ë׵èβ̫͡ˡ
΢ζ, ۴ͷΣվŵĽɫвè񣬲һ顣
簲, èè񡣡
΢΢һЦɰк, Ȼ鼫õһһöոµĽ𶧡
Ψһͬǣ²ƸĽûȥͥԺĻԴУժȡƯǶʻ, Ϊ
ɷµָסֻĹ⻬צ棬Цһǣм, Ƿһ仨
νļ, ȻҪļеɫǰ, װˡ
ŴġٲȻһɫڰѲƸ֮ս󣬾̲סӿ˻·ٶȡ
صɭ, ɱũǱͳ򲿷֣Ҫù
ڸˡǰṩԴͬʱ, Ҳζÿļ, Ǿ͵ýΣɽʱڡ
Ҫĳù, ɭֶĻ, Ǻֱ룺ʱȫ˶ˮͰûضеɺӵˮȥ, ҲƲ˻Ƶɢ
вٸ, ؾȴ, ֻ4ö
1öûֱ½䷽4
һʱ䣬Ѳءɫʺϰñĵطȥˡ
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ɭֻ̫ǹһȦʱѾӽƻˡ
ۿԽԽأĳҲԽԽ
ԡ
ôˣ
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ڳǰȷڿ˱ҪĽϣǿһϵġȫԼ찡
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ϣֱѡһľԶ£Ϳʼʯϡ
ԣҪֻǴϵͳȡѣҪκЧʵȻҲߵó档
类Ƶֵ񼣸̼ľ˵ǣôؿĵϸĸ첲ƾձһһĻɫʯϣɾسϵţԽԽߡ
գ۹һΧľҪøߵʯ̨һ³ǰ
ɵվҪ˶ͷȥϡ
ڻҳյӳ£ͷԡ⻪תĲý𷢣һ̫
˹˫ֺԾؽ߬ȭѵŸȥĳ嶯ѯʵ£𣿡
˹ùܼҿŶľսΨˤĿֲ߶ϣ赭дذ˰֣ãϾˡ
ȻûкŪ˹ȷܿͲԼ̳ļʯףӸߴ
֮ǰڳ˾ؿţ˺ȻƾձһֵֹĶ֣صذʯ̨ϡ
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Ϊһ˼벻̫ԣʵںѲȥᡣ
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ĴڹؼڵСǻ¶ϽܻسǱͨüλ˵ͨƽʱµĹܼ
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Ȼû뵽ǣĹֻܼ˵һ仰΢΢ףʾͬˡ
桢Ŀ𣿡
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ȵõܼһǲƵƳӺϲһ񣬴˾䡰лèè£ŷɱȥ


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ֻϡյݶкעĴ¼ֱһ
Ǳ, ©Сꡣ
ʪūǣòһ˱ţڿֲмľͷɵǽΧСռñ˴΢ȡů
һ߱ö£һֵ֪šϣȥ
ӵĻ, °ۣһǲ˯ŵġȻⲢܳΪ첻ȥϹɡ
Ҫˮڸųõ˵ᱻݻ˲ûãǶڹµļලð͵ƣƾɵľһδεҨˮ
Ҳÿʱ, ǶޱĽܳƽ
, ĴҪࣺͷڷݶ, ΢ݳЩ, ȼ¯ʪ⡣
ǲū춼ҪȥϹ۵Ļÿȥһξͺˡ
ҪʵڲðȥĻ, 񻹻ѡӺɻķ, ȥ
תūǵĶȴûг׽
ǿ־ǡ˭, ܲ˵Ļ, ǲ·һ
ǰЩǳسֹصߣ˴еˡ˵Ĳź, Ϊ˱ɳҲ⵽Ƶ, ½¶Բݵūء
ڳ׿֮ǰ, ̤һֻ
䵽ֵزĲһǻġ
ȴһˡ
̫ˡ
Сĺӣ૵
ͱŵý겻ļȺͬشڸԼūǣǰδе졣
þϷϵͳɼֶδľ·ݣ۴󷽣Ҿȹ̡
ǰֺܿǺǵ˵һжҪлΰèè񣬸лʴȵʹ
˵شλʹõһöأ
лèè񣡸л£
˯ĺϤֺ󣬲
ȻǵͶرСûһﵽµظһ
СǸѾʼˡ
ؼǵǰҹжѰĺڰжԼ־壬ûоͷ
ǵģһжʴȵèèʹ˴͸ǵġؽ¶ĺǣҪ֪ǶôˣǳһЩһҪúûرλ£
ܿ˺Цţƽʱ˳ӵ߶߶ûв廰
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һƬУʵؿ޶
һ˶ĵһ𣬶ɹҹ̫ˡ
ūǣһһ
ǲƽҹֻΪȡů𡭡ܹϲðܡ紵ˮݵӣǾѾоԼҸˡ
⻹ǵһѽ
ܰĵشԼȻͷĺХȴȫǵ·ӵǽݶͷ
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ūǶܷɵŵоݵĸɾϣ·ǸģЬҲǸġ
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˵춼ܳԱɵĻҲأ
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91 һ
˭ڶ϶Ͼҹ, 鶼øʱһҰ
⼸ӵȻҲ⡣
ۿҪӭһưô꣬⼸ϼһֱʪ, ̲ס䡣
Ż죡
ʹٲʹ죬Ҳϱֳһ˿һ
Ͼ˵ʱڳƿĻǰо£¾һӿڵҽˡ
Խǿɵĵؽ磬оصԽ⡣
ȻΪ֮ءɳǣȸ׸ǶҪ⡣
׸Զѷǵľסڹл޵, Ѿеʮֲˡ
߹˵˹, ôסְƫƧ£
ޱʹĵ롣
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ĿǶΨõ䵽, Ὣûһ
ؿһϡ
ڴޱì̬ܵ, Խǿɳǣ¸·ٶȷԽǱ֮ǰҪˡ
ĳ, λȣеԱ
ϵһ峵ļƥԯ, ÷񲼸ŵļֻзСè
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λоǿڹ˵ϣҲܶ֡ǿƲסĿ־ͽš
ǱֳΨΨŵŵزü
Ҫǰλ»ڵĻôˡ˵̷ֱϹ谮İˣǹµ򣬸ûʸӽ
ϣλ߹Ĵˣû̫ܵĿѰɡ
鸴ӵİأڸĻԶԶǱʱҲڿ쵽ˡϲá
ڲϵԽԽأԽԽ΢ݣӿٶȣǡ
ڱǿϮͰʱûнΧǽͻǺӵҲǼӹɳŵķ
رڷֿȡµĴʯϺٴݳ޵һٶʯΧסûбϵǴڡ
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ҲǱ
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֮ԳԾȻΪصоݡ
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ôź˲ݲʹ˶ƴȡĺˡ
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ǰλоȻѡ̽ǵ
ϻôǱΪ׵ооֶƣһƤ⣬Ӷ˲۲۵ˡ
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λĩľȻǼϤʱǲʵѾø˹Ķ𣿡
Ȼصɺһ·ľΨֵλоµˣ˿ͬ˵ǸȻȥϴ裬·ֱȥǱ¸
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ܲλϵĹܼͻȻȥ׸èΪʲô
ʵĹУԻãǸͷԽԽõİɡ
ҲˡҲΣʱִ٣ֻҵЩ
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ڵϣذţкã΢лɣҪĿʴȣΰèèƤ˹ֶ֪ôܴһָأʹļ尾ּ֤񼣺Ҫҵȥ׳һУҲһҪ׳Ϊȫ֪ȫܵèèͽѽ
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ǰǷλoᱣ־⣬ҲԸһ
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ָҩˮЧ棬˵ֻһƿɱֻҪֻūҳԵĶĢɵϷ߶ѡ
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4ֻĢ18ͷ
ʹƤ˹ĵΪȫֵҲλΪ׬һǮܵ˸ôĴۡ
ʴȿèè񰡣kܻڵkֵþġӵƷʵˣ˲ͽ΢Ц˵͡
ġֻûü˵ڣƤ˹Ͱ಻סĵżͿ־壬ʧ̬غ
££°ɣֺ˿޵һѱһᣬϷȫĵı֣ͼΰèèϵһ㾴⣬ҲԼһ𰡣
һèèŭҪջȥô죡
Ĭˡ
ë׽̵Ȼô


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ػ, ҪٲӦĻλһû׼ҪֳƵ־ˡ
ֻ, ͬ¡
Ƥ˹Ե˿źƤ˽
Ƿʮ18ͷ˵ȻҪɶˡ
һɳһʺĳغĵ棬ڰ׹ЩºҪУȻϼҸ׸һˡ
ȥĿ, ҲȷҪ˺ܰߵʲ, ȫɳ
֮ǰƤ˹ΪϹ谮Ĺȴñ𡰱֮ءɳǵĵز, ôǳƵҵùġ
ڿ, ôһ°
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ɺ, ʹǿo޷, ˶׾Ȼءܳ׵ӵ
Ƥ˹ԽԽǰԼǸ۲۵Ĵ
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ղ鷢̫ͻȻӲһʱûתƤ˹ǻعˡ
Ƥ˹ȻѾˣޱԼжϡ󵼶ԷҲûҪȥʲô
ı⣬Ҫһŷèè󣬺Ϊ֮Ҫڡ
ʹΪʹߣҲܿشΰèèκξԽƻϵĲûбֳκУֻˣҪˣغ͵̵飬㶼븣˹顣סʴȿoӵģϵĲǾ߱Ʒµĸꡣ
ɲôɰèèȾϡǮԽԽԸⱣͽĻӡ
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ڽʲôѾʧȥ˸ͨȤЦˣתͻȥɡ
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ȵһη磬ūһ乻Щɡ˹ŴٲȻðƤ˹ʮֲģ⣬Ц˵ҪΪһЩɿĹֻϴ޽Щ˾Ͳ
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׵ĸҵŮԱסȴ㵵ط¹ڳûиŮԱȥר־Ϊ񻭡
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ر˵Ļʹһ󣬶ڴǳȴޱȺڵġ
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ŵһٴΣܼСһΡ
رܾĴˣ侲ȻͨԼ⵽λŰĹܼҵ񣬲Ų롣
Ȼûз
˻ϯЩܹؽӽĹ͢⣬һЩֵƩͨװŮ͵ģ͵͵ס
ҲΪ޿ײͺƤáļס
ζ뻭һµĻ˹üͷ޳ܵ˵ӣǻΪһöҡ͸߸˵ѹ·ƤġߺԱıʣô仭µµӰ
ҪλĻʿϹսССսĸ˹ʵҲо밢һġ
ĸԸ̷С£ȴζԵòϿɵϥͷ½
ˣ˹ĹܼΪŭļͷطɤİɡ
侲Ĺܼѵ¶ӶɫΪǸءж뾭ѵء
ֻһִƲϳҶѡ
ûʱĹеİЩòԼĿŮԣȻֱܱĺͿ̵̬ȣͬ
ǸѪͳͽ׼һУȫռϷĻЩŮԶԣû̫·
˹̬ȣ׽ܵĽʱɵģǳάġ
ڲӰжͷչ£ȻȥĹĹܼң˺Էϡ
֪Ҫʲô󣬷ͶԷˡ
뵽һλ˲ϵó˼
ʱ˫ֶװèӵˣҲð˳Ǳ֮С
ڴŴӷ£߶µѵʪ͸˵Ĵ£ܵȥմĴСʱȫûע⵽һֱءŵСèǣȻֵͣһ˲
ûвͨڵĵڶʯߴ
һɫβͣһӶ


93 һ
һֻرè
ܴһۿȥèģ, ͵̬޳ţûѰèµġҰԡ͡ࡱС
צ̤˵̺ʯϣӯûз
ѵõ, ȫëĽɫ, ֻǳžȵı仯
һȻɹ֯ɵĻ, Ӱ²ͬεӰ
ؿǳɲһЩ, ɵĳβɫġ
˼, kѾ˸տʼı׾, ֻèһ
, Ȼõkġ
Ҫиߴ, ǿܱõkҪͽ
k
ɵkʵǵȲˡ
ԭ, ֻͰĵk׶ͽԼж󣬾һֱ
kγɵһ𣬾Ͷˡ
µΪ, ʱ޿̲ŰԼ֣ǵʶעŶԷ
kȻ֪, ȴǺܵġ
k, Щȥ
Ϊǰ뿪Ӵ, δǿγĵk, 뵽һ취
Ϊʵʩ뷨, ڼסûٻĻǵʮ, kܹ
Ǿ߻ƽģ, ʱ۳һҪȵkҪСࡢж㹻Ͷŵ˼䡣
kѾܵرˡ
ӦҲǰϲӰɣ
kЩɣܿҴǰ
ŽţŰء
ֻ˵ߺȴסk
ƾڰϵʶֻҪkԸ⣬ʱǵе
kȴеԥˡ

Ļϲkڵ
΢飬kһС󣬻ûֱӴȥ
Ǻʶش˫צضŴŵľϡ
ɫͫﵹӳŴŵģһС󣬵k̲סԴԹԵ棬βɨţǵȴʲô
kûȵŸ˹ȵȵֻӣˡ
ΪģȴҪֱ¸һ·߹ʱǳš
߲ǰһСƬϣϡ
ڸ泯ţŵk˶ȫȻûвľܸߴĵضһֱֻ̬ۻɫƯè
ǿĿİرֺ󣬸˹ܼұš
©ߵһ˲k˫ë׵ļٿȻֱ𣬲鲻Խ̧°ͣҲ
ӲӵԲͫģ汥ŵk֪ڴ

˹䵭˵ţӳ˽ŵӰû⵽ľܸߴ
սսؽȥ󣬴¹ˡ

ɫèĶ΢ţʧſˡ
ȫȻֻ֪ġèڹɵصߴ˽ſʼֻϡ
˲һеľʱ΢ЦʵܵصͷһС󣬲ڣƿҿһۡ
Ȼ֪ʲôè
񲼺ܿͱƿˡ
ÿֻﶼװֻСè
ԲĴ۾ֺţ浹ӳŽӰ
֪ΪʲôǺȻͬһʱͣһ·಻Ĳۣרעš
Ŀ⣬ƶš
ܴ󣬻Բܵɫ͹ͭɫëǣǹ⿴ž˸еůʵָС
Ǳ޹ŵ֫ͽϳβͣȴƤëĸ߹ŸУǴż˿ɰϢĴֶ̽׳
ȫӢ̰
̲סЩɰСһǰϸһ飬ƷֺʹԼжϡ
Ӧöӽһ꣬Ҫˡ
̫ãûˣҲȽֻ;̫࣬꣬ԵЩǱ
¶ˣյˮϴ衣һ߶ţһ߶пֻЩòܲɣιЩԵģʳûƽԸйèȡ
ڼĻûôʱèΪץ֮һȻݳ޵ܱźĴڳﻹԸġ
ֻǺ˶ԲˣʳǸյĵҲҵˡУҲͷūȶסˣèˡ
ҪбµĻ¶ҺʵѡȰιһʱ䣬Ӧ״̬ɡ
˵ŻȻشţֺ˳ֻཱུСӣ˻
ȻǵãЩèҪΪ˸ɻģִĵߡӪĸ߼è΢չǡ
ֻڹʱҪṩʳӦ˻󣬾͸Լȥʳˡ
࣬࡭ż˳ߣһѡ
ձֻƯסʱʹǱʶǰ˳űܵĺøУ˲ˡ
Բ۾ﱥ裬ſĿ¶˼Եġ໡ͺͬʱ֫ػ˼£ëҲըˡ

ȱظŪģǾŵ˫֮
ָйȻܺá
ΪʦָشСèܵʼߣİһעſװͰ͡ȴûнһСèһظ̾š
ֱһŸеԡԴ¶ȵ̺
ȻڿҪȥÿһֻĻҰè
֮Ը֣ڸոСèĶУѾԼĵִˡ
ҡָֻпӦʮֻèõġ
ֻСӻļ⽥ָȻתƵ˶λã΢Ӵ˰Ħȡ
ë׵Ķ䱻Ħ̽΢΢ŤţֱסöܵĹؽڡ
鲻Խۣɤ﷢ƵġࡱԾشߴֵ
ֻҲ˫󣬾ͽһĹĵմָĦĺ룬Ĵָź󷽣˳š
沿չ˵ĵطǴè䶼°͡
~
һԭżӿĺƵʾؿڣѾ׻ָģ
ϲٱţ˫ֵĲϰʼȫĦʱһ̲è
ôôأ
ûľ裬ϲĻůĥĥ䣬һչ¶壬һطġࡱ
ûбô־ȷذĦҡСèܵĿ֣
ۿŸոջ۾èۿɼĿڰ󲻵ŲߣวʦͨˣѾ˵ˡ
ˡ
ֻ˵СھŴδйĿʱȴͻأشһϸ΢ġꡱ
ǣľ۶ʱ졣
סˡ
ͷһ֣ű㷢֣ոջſſ·ߴβ͸аĦСèܾ㣬һ·
һĸղųܵķֵ̬صɴۣţβëȫըֱŴŵķ
ûŴŵķ϶ãǱʲôؿŵһӡ
ֻͬȻòͬèУɪɪز
ôˣ
˶쳣
˹΢΢ü˼ذνʣֱֽȥš
ž
ٴδϸ΢һ󣬸˹ϣţ


94 
һ֮Ķ, ΪoĵkȻܿһġ
kİͽȺè¶Цݣһֻ׽ﱧʱ, ѾЩסˡ
̽ɫèٿȻ, ԭŵצŲŲ, Դ̧
kԥ£סˣʱûȥ
ǾͿ, ذֻСè, Ҹһɫè, ؽ, ԲԴסŰ޳ָ
kԭһûһɨĳβ, ʱڽסˡ
˵
ᡭЩè𡭡
û¶ȵľϣ۵Ҳº
kȴоԽԽ, ȵkܼſͬһط
ǡ
ǡᡭ
kܿʶԼҪö࣬ģҲ̫
Ϊԣ޷֡Ľ
ΪЩԭ, Żᡭƭ
kʱˡ
ڳĬصȴһС󣬵kȻֱ, ¿, ŵһԾ£
ӯľٶʱҲȷΪʵצ, û
ȴ͹
ꡣ
Ȼ, ʮ, һ¾ͽԭʹǿ֮ĩĴľ֧ܵѹ
, kҲûٲȥˡ
ҵġҵİ
ϲҡ
ᶨͷ, ԡèģŵoŲǰ
kֻԥƬ̣֣صצš
ž
֮⣬kͷų˼Сֵ
ΪЩеkŭȴְϲĽƻС飬Щ뿪
űԴĸ˹Ȼһ˲ӳǵģһֻ̬࣬ׯݵţͨǴ˵ľһ޵Ľɫġè
ҵèè񰡡
һλͲССص˿С̾ţ⣬è𣿡
һλȻסˣȴҲɴۡ
ֻͻȻֵèʵ̫ˣ
Ӹ׸ЩСèһȣֱֻϻ
è
ૻشš
Դ߸䵽ϣһ
ûмôƯ־߱Ƶè
ɫļǿɰĶޣһ㲻ոӢèԲ󣬶ӵϵë޳ȴԵôࡣ
̽ɫͫԼ¶Щͦ뷢˿û˹ң˳ɾò˼顣
ôأһλѪֶţҲһ
ʵҲȷʵġ
ô򵥵سһûнйЩջֵеСèǣȴ񱻰¾ťһ
ʵҪϸ鿴ǵ״Ļط֣Ѿǵ⳯Լͷŵ־嵽˼㣬ؼ˲ܸһš
ǸеǱȻġ
Էŭ֪ģ.塣
ȴû⵽㡣
ǿƵسֵһ̣ͱסˡ
èֲè
èè񰡣ôô˵èè
ֵضʱȻʲô
룬Ȼˣ΢¡
Ȼ
˫ϵĽɫ۾ƶķҲϸ΢ƫƫ
Ĵ
ֻʮƯèèȷһֱڶ
ѾèèԵߵС£˹ıɣĵظе
ôè
£תѯ£Ҫ𣿡
֪ǲǴ
ʳ仰˲䣬˹ظоֻý˾̾è䵭һۡ
ߣ
γѣȻ
ıˡ
ǱҪøߴĽɫè˧磬è
ǻʵģҪ˵ĻԹߣ֣
Ǳƻһ㣬վسֻ˵Ĵè˹ȥ
Ҫˡ
ҡӦùȥ𡭡
kצӡ
鲻䣬ȴ¡

һ뵽ղۿһĻk㷳˦βͣһˡ
è
ҡˡ
ڱֻüֱϻèȻ䵭ضţԵµĽӽҲǡ
Ȼֻèʵ̫ˡ
ڲ֪ǲǻе£һͻȻǷޱȵצ˺˵µĻǸô죿
˹һ±ˡ
λǿèèı£С¿ӵűҪǿԱ
ؿСƺ޷£ӽôһֻޣ޷侲
£
ڡ
Ȼʱ򣬰Ѿȥֻ߰ĮʵԹԴĴèˡ
ء
ܿķԲᣬڵһûܱʱǱСһ

˰뷨󣬵k΢˦β͡
İͽѡ˲ٴЩСè߹Ҫǵرkһ
ղǻǵͱһɨˡ
ϲҡ
Ƿǿҵϲɫĳβͱŵk飬ϸ߸ˡ
Щᣬkǡꡱ˰Ļ
ڰеЩźʱֻŵվĴèѺģ́ë׵Դ˲ġ

Ϊֻè̫ߴˣ⧲±䵽еĵطźۼز˲
޹Ĵèһ΢΢ζŸ̵βͣһߴߴٰǰצȣҪԭλȥ
һԾ
˵ĿУǱִĳﻹùɵأ˵ϣȻɵſ
ͬʡ
kǵһءᵽõ嵭㡣
˼ʵ鶼һ֪oԥԾϣȻ̳ޱĿһʱʵҲֻʶľٶ
kƼڻƽèʹÿͽڻ˵ŽеkĵĻġ
Ȼһ
ʶèèɫ͹ˮƤë
ֻ䵭ϡʵȸոֻСӻô飬һ㲻ĴèƺάסԼļӡ
ʹ߸βͱ¶ʵ飬ҲȻָ߹󣬲ûСֱ׵ϲţܵġࡱ
ֻڵõ󣬳ǵز˲䡣
ϳģָŸŵĲϣԴԴϴȶȡ
һߴèһ̲ס̾š
һݳصҸ۵ĸ
ţ˽еkӿĵľͰҸղ˵ɣЩèȥ
Ż񣬿ĿİͰ͵سȥˡ
һֻŸ̤ʱڴèè׽ϲеİźȻ˵Ļ
ɫôԶһҲˣ3ڼúϢɡ
˶ʱеܳϽ񣺡лµĶͣԸΰèèԶ
Լ˼ֺֻɵطڰϵĽɫèȻ˶䣬ĪƳһۡ
ҡ϶ǻᡭӰġ
ǲôkҲ϶ô


95 һ
ϴˮ, Ϊ˱ʾؼ֣أ⻻뿪ʱеβºͽܳչʾһΪ
ʺļᱡϷƵġ漸κ߷, ϻĵ׺, ǰزıʯӹ̶š
ôꡣ
ҪǰǱһ, üͷվǰ˿ûͣЪͷĻ, ʵ²˰ѴŸ˲һȾļͷƤѥаָĻˮС
£ȥǱ򹫾ʾһЩٹȥɣһؿڣԹµġ
졣
زͷغֹ˶Է
븸״һ, ǧһ·, ⻷ɣΪ˾˹
ôܱһ굲ס
˵ˮŪζ, ˵Ը̫Ǳģڰǰˡ
ðظӷĵǣֻԥôһС, ƾڳЦȻڵĹҲ·ԽԽˡ
λڳĵߵǱ, ԳƵϺܽ㹻Ѿװʪˡ
ֻˡ
૵, һҧ, Եҡҡ׹ɡ̤С
Ȼ˫ѥûˮһ˲, Ѿʪ͸ˡ
ÿһ, ǽʵʵˮ, ˮͺƯ, ýȽ
һľ
Ѿ̤˵һԼҲˡ
㹻ЩĹгУǱķ򣬹󲽡
ͻȻӿ죬ĵҲòС
ڼ߳򡢽ǱΧʱص۽Ȼ׽һλڸߴӰ
ܽʮ
ʲô
ͷһ֣̲ססŲת̧ۿ˹ȥ
˵ʱʱ졣
ãȻǽתǵڻɵԵú۵Ӱӵһ̣һӹʵĿ⣬Ȼֱ

ܵεָĿȷưسǵֵ¡
һ˲䣬ԭܶһ
һбӳյ类ѩǰ԰ףǽµĿֲ⣬Ҳڳ˴д㵡ãȻſ־ס
⵱Ȼǽ
ţ
ڶֱĺ˵ĹĤ÷ʹ
ǿҵԵڼġֱҪľӴһУǸеëȻġ
£
ʹһŵĽУҲϸ壬ʵس˱ɲεˡ
ٴʱѾڳǱĿͷˡ
컨ǺеĴֲڸԺʱһƬհףʱޱġΣľһĻ
Ҫ
ҵĻأ
뵽󣬰Ŀȵ˲Լͷ棬ͷħҪȥԼĻʡ

ǵ֪ٴΣÿζǡ
˹ޱ˵ѾˣҾ񲻴
˹
ܶھλ϶о˿ΪһʵȨ˹ŷŷ֮ӵİأȻȿоҪͳ͸߹
صǲ̫עⷽ棬ʶ˹ʾáùŰִֹĶԷԸԼȥӽʹ
˹Ļ󣬰ǳ侲ˣϰԵ¶Цݣװİ㽫ͽޣȻʹã
ȻΪûа¡ͷ˳ޱȡȴǡĶȮĹܼԸ⽫ŽǱ
ϵǣ˹ûнһĮ罦ҺǵƲߣĬĻ
Ҳûм뿪
˼ܿˡ
Ц˼ζԭηĸ˹ҲᵣǱߵĶ𣿡
λòһλȨյĹİ⣬˹ҲڷǱġ
֮ø˹øóĴۡζŴֵܳЩҵϢʮǣԷ˼
㣬
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ȴƽʱƽͻŵĳŪг;УȻʶһá
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Ĺܼλ֪Ǳ׵ε˵ӣԵķʽЧʵؽϢ
һ۾ֵ˻ƻ裬һٴӭβʱͣˡ
ϦشƲ˳ҲɵϵƯèʾԼҪ
ֻèҲޱԣǱĸһʱ͹ɵشϻȥ
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鲻Խִ˴˫ë׵Ķ䡣
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ڰЦƵЦеֻʮĸ߹èȻ̧۾
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ҪôֱӴȥĻͱɴèˡ
֮ǰòڳɣǰĳ𣿡
һ඼ԲƼݣտèҲһӪģ£ܳԵ̬ôëɫֱ˼顣
ͷȻǽжһֻרעֵ
˼¶޹ʲô⡣
Ҹַյ̾һ
û취
ɡ
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ݳ顢ë׵Ҹˡ
İͽoٴ˺֪ȴҵ״̬

ҡ
֪ǣΪĳأʵѾoʵԼĽˡ
еο
ֻèһҲƤදڱ󣬻ԶԾؽ°ļͷ
ůڵƤë˳ʵҴںܷɵ״̬
ģһ̲ζɿڵè
ֱ˳ò˼顣
š˵ôصĴèеĹܼǰеشĽɫ³裬;˺ū𾪵Ŀ⣬Ƥ˹͵18ͷʱõȥˡ


96 
ԡ˾η־Ŀ, ر˵뿸ֻһעĿĽɫè¢ʼѲӡ
ȻΪй䣬Ҫɫʺ޽ĵط
״Ļ, ҪΪÿͷֵڵĸ30ƽϵĻռ, ҲΪպ
ҲҺøձܵΪèèšĴèʵںܹ, Դһֱ˳شļϣֻצҲֱۺһ, ΢̯ˡ
߱˼š
޽ĵص㣬Ҫý
Ҫƽ̹ĵ棬ȴҪнϸߵĵ, ϻˮʪ
Ҫ糯, Ϊ˱֤ͨáó̫ȡҲΪ˷ڵ񲼣Ϊķ׼
ÿͷջĸÿ춼Ҫ12ˮ, ϳϴõˮ뿿ˮԴ
ҪÿĴˮˮԴ, Ȼũ̫Զ
Щ֮⣬ʻ͸λڻϡȲΪڲˮ, Ҳᱻǵɺˮܼʱ÷ˮ
ʱ͵ĵˮĻܱǱڵĻȾ⡣
ԳǱΪġλƬصĶϲࡣ
Ѿˡ
ҪλɺӺũ֮, Ҫһ¶ȡȥ, Ҳֻʡ
ŻﰲĴè׼ߵǸһۡȷһµʱȴȻһ󼱴ٵġߴߴߴ
ͬʱ, мͬٵĽŲ
ף
΢ȵת
ֻֻȳȫȥʱɰëסԲε꼦, ķ, š
ٿһ, ܷ϶һСϸ
ֻһ·£ѾϵŢŪˡ
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ɿתתԴעֻܵС
֮ǰǡ
ǡһֱšš
ڰûʶ£ֻԭĿȷֱ衱Сձ˫޸Ľɫͫɨ˲䣬ֵؽ˵
Ȼֻرݵͣ٣ǽ׷ں¶׷ˡ
ǰץӷĸСģһ˫ȴܵ÷ɿ죬˵ǰ
Сվڰ˸ǰʱǹޱȡ
ǼƽѧͽϵŢץʱֱһ˶ϣ
ˮĽ
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ĵΪΪǼˣû̺ܽãǾԼ⡣
Ȼóһ㡣
ڶʱھ̥һڱǰʮ㡢ֻǰŵСŮº͵ЦЦ޵õǸѾúܺˣ¶
¡
¶ԽԽˡ
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ڣ¶ǼɫƽѧͽҲڻع
ȥӹ¶ץŵļ˸£ƱֱΪԼĹǸ
û뵽ǣλڷȻ΢ЦţϦӳɫȴû̫¶ȡ
ֻԷ΢΢ףûпǣֻƽƽصЩֻҪ¶˵ٳ֤޷ʤݹĻ;˵ΰèè񣬿ҲԸ⽫ǻ۴͸ѧϸĵĴˡ
ˣƺЩˣ
֪ǲֵֻ̿ۡ
ΪǣȷЩƲΪ˵ӡūΪ¶ġ
ôС¶ʱȴԴķ˶س
һ㣬ɼ̶ȵ˺ǵġ
ҪΪݱĺְλҪͨ¶ġˡ
Ƕ̲סҪ͵͵ڱѵһŰСŮˡ
ٿڱʲô⡢۾ȴ¶˵ͷЦ¶
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¶Ȼ֪ҪΪţŻôġ
¶ֲ˲ĺۼ¶ɬȴֿĵЦݡ
ȷûʲôҪ¶ġ
ڸոյû¶ԡһЩ۹лȥԽˡ
ȻҲûݶѡַش̫á
Ѿˣ˵Ҫꡣ
޽ҪӺ󣬴ҪٵС£꼾׹ȥС
¶ԣܸżѯԼһЩ£ѾҸˡ
ȵõƯСľݣҪġ
˺һ·ĿֻĬĴèϡ
ز߽ȾϳԣЦʣ¶Ҳϲè𣿡
¶ʶص˵ͷ
ѹţ˼ҡҡ͵ҡǰûм
˵ǰֻݡ߹Ǻ覴õĽɫëĴèˡ
ͨɫСèڼʱڳҲûм
ͲԼչ˹ЩԲƳγΣ鲼ϸСëС̡
ΪʲôᱻֻôëסΣյҰԵأ
ë׽̣Ȼң
ϵЦ⣬ȻڣҪҪѯԸԸһ£
ԭġĽɫèٿȻסˡ
kһϣԲİɫͫš

Ҫң
kս˴ڰҼϵ֣ȵצʶЩϸļϡ
Լһ˲ĽӲһۣЩɻصѯèè񣿡
ĿУֻĴèèֱѺõüֱ˼顣
һԶԸ׽ο¶߱׺СŮˡ
kһ
¶õ˿
Ѿֻ߹ɢǿˡ
Сţ£Ŀ𣿡
ûκηӦĴèβ̫϶صԸĻ
̫⡭
¶ĶԸӡ
ȴЩԥ
ָ˹ʵ̫ˣһŪֻƯò˼Ĵèġ
ǲҪˡ
¶ؿ͹ⷢĮرӰҲÿٵĴè߽¶ĵл£һǡ
ΥľܾĻû˵ꡣ
ƺ͸ȻľٶܵвһֱŵرڽĻһĽɫèȻԤ׵طˡ
ëɵĴβͣسɨ˹ȥ
ž
ǰˡ򡱵¶һ
ʶĿֶΡ
ɵýſſԼϵĴèһ
ֱֱ۷ᣬòֻҺè´ԼϣҲûܴд޹¶Ӣèϣκζ
Իˡ
ѵǱΪèè񡱵Ĵèϲβ


97 һ
èèȷֳⱻ¶, Ȼǿ
Դźؿ¶̫ϲ㡣
¶ֻĮĴèè԰㸧ԼձβʹеһಱСİԭСɫƤɫ㡢֪޾
Ļ, γѵ˺һ, ʧǵģ¡
ȻôôƯĴèֻԸ׽Ŀˡ
ЩģһջΪ׽ŪûģֱƢƺܺõĴèèȷ˵СŮȥ, ǻһתݸŽ飺ҪҪҲһֻҪԸĻ, δӸ׸Щ, ѡһֻߡ
¶۾Ȼһˣܳ, Ҳ𣿡
Ȼ΢΢Цﲻ, Ȼȥϴ, ѡһֻϲСèɡ
ЩץèԭҪɢƽġ
Ŀ¶ĵл, ֱ뿪ıӰſ˸ղźĴβ͹⡢»ָ˹ʵģ, Ľɫè
΢΢ͷͦ̾µıǼز䵽Ǳɫϸëǡʱɵزһµè䣬ЦԭΨһѡеè𣿡
èèʲô
Ըоȵǣ, ԼĻ, ͷ̧
ϦɫȾ˰ɫͫ, صӳס
ɫ̶, е
ǡ
֪ܲǸİʲô˼¶oԥ£˳Ӧܣǵز˲k캶ҡõĻ
ҡΨһġͽ
ô˵Һûй
Сưè
˼̬ݡĪԵľŵĴèɵ¶΢Ц
Һңװèè񡣡š
öoеϲõɤޱèС
kɵñۡ
ڰֻ侲֡ʵòĴèѾߵöɿ϶ȥˡ
ȻֻܴҲĿɰ
ȵ΢
Եͷ˫䡢϶̵ëǵĶڸоǸβҲʼʶɨʱЦԺ󣬾ֻһ˵èɡ
ζŵĳβ΢΢һ١
ػζĵļϲá
á
ԹԵº󣬰Ŵè˳Ǳ
;ʵƵȥʱЩķۣܲܰһ¡
ϧǣ֪ɫ̫Ǽմļªľԭ򣬻һ׺ϲõԵʡ
ֻԶԶЩҪôſڵϢŵǼͷҲζϹ
ֻˡ
ȥʱ䲢ãѵ뿪ߵĸ˹ڸһЩʱͽ밢ص̸
˸֪С¶ԴŴè뿪ǱֻʿԶԶʱüͷһ
۰ǰչʾٴǿڸ˹Էʼϸġ
ǰǡ
ڡʵȻǡ
ʱС£¶
ڵС£ȴڿ˵ĳªȻֱĵ
ڸ˹߶һɹ
³ȥˣ⻰ظ˲ĴҴҵĸ˹ԾԾԵѵȥִװĹܼͬ𣿡
ɺûˡ
ǣĹֳֳʱǷӵǶԱĻ棬㹻Ŀ

˹ٿȻͣ½Ų䵭ɫͫصľ棺ƺЩˡ
ס΢Цƣֻװĸ˹ҵĿʼնһµģȻĻҲѸõõĴɡ
˹ؿһۡ
̵ı΢ȴûгԷ
ʹΪΪ뾭ѵԶ˹ŷŷƵƵ˵ӣȴ˲10ΨһһλоλĴڣȻԼġ
ȻȻ뿪Ҳڱ˸صĳȷѡվڰһࡣ
ܴԴ֮ǰ鱨Сȱ£˹ûнɨسŵɡ
ĵ׵ִţôһλСµĿͽķӽ
õ˹ĬϺѾﵽѶԷĿĵİأҲǵѡ˼þա
ǷѾ˼ָ൱ĴۣλʢĿֲǰʿԼؽӽء
Ȼܵ˶Է
š
ϰѾԽڵĻ취˹ͬ⣬ڻϻǡ
񰡣ʲô
տǱţӳ龰ðĿ࣡
ȻȻһֻƢײƵϻ˹ϣ
㻹ʲô
ؼոջĹܼҡȴֻŴ㶲ʱּ
ǻûлʹòô֪Ұ޵צˣ
ܲóսͷƤҲѾΪܵĿ־˼Ƥ񣬵ڶԻĿִţػ˷Ӧ
ǸŹװİԴŤһߴ󺰴߰Ļһ߷Լʱɵסˡ
ǾǰоɡȻѾˣ
ķӦ
ڰദ˿ûѱΣյĴڡȼèҪԵĽɫèϵ
ʲô
˼سȥ
¢Ȼƽ͵͵ͶĿĸū⣬ûʲô쳣
ãȻǱѯʰʱԷѾ嵽ǰˡ
ǿѹº£־Ҫǿ̬вԼġޡӰ˺ӵȥ
ӡ
û˵꣬ؾѾһĺӰС
гͱǳĴһ
ڱ˿ֻóĽèһ˦βͣͰŵõǱص
ƺβ׵ǣ۵ȫ޵໽У

ĿⳬһĻĸ˹Ҳѵõ¶㵵ɫ
ٿƵβ͡һ޹ĽèʱѾײһˡ
ԭգգۣЩЦõصղŶ¶β˰
ûлɡǲΪؿ汻βͻɵġ
ʹؿ˹Ҳһλ׼ĳԡ
ǳ䲻⣬èֻĵβͣһ˶Է
ЦˣôǴèе
˹ҲΪֻڱݼ
΢ƴǣ˼۶ԷǱ󣬲ʾǽλޱȵӵϷ
ֻزŸϴ衢·Ҫϴһˡ
Ҽæ뵽̫Զִ˹Ȼû𣬵˼䣬˵ʱЦſ˻￴ĴèԼȥˡ
˹΢ů
Ǿ䡰ЦŽèıӰ˻ЩεظΰèèĻӣ룬ǲʲôΣյġ
ǿŵʬǻûȫɣֱˢңĿĵǿ£ڵȻб˽
ȻҪǰԶһЩ˹Ͳôˡ
ᵽ֣ɫèĶ΢΢
ҡϲ˵Ļ


98 
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ϴ, ·󣬰ջصλڸڵңؿԭľضŵڵϡȴĽɫè, ȻһԾ
Ŀȷ, ǴʵĴͷϡ
Ƥ΢
ȫʵĹӿʮ־£ȻҲȽСɡ
֮ǰֻвèĻȻǴ´ġ
ȴҪôһֻŶѾĴè
Ȼܿóֻɵò˼ĴèǵûʵĴ, ŬСĹ塢ͼխСĵط
ʵֻ̫ˡ㾭һͨڣǰצȥ, ɵĴβͻȥ, ƨɻš
ǸԱ߿ţ̲סеܵơ
̾˿, תصԡ
ɫĴèסˡ

kػ˻޴šȴڿеβ͡
Ҫȥ
kʺܿ˴𰸣ܿȥİ, ԶһֻʢˮС, Ա߻

ڴϣˮֱߵİ, Цչ˫ۡ
k΢΢£ԥһ, 䵽˴ϣ˳ſõ֮ǰԵů
룬Ȼ¶ȱȽϸߵҹһֱ, 廹Щ⡣
ҪֻèϴĻȲ˵ԸԸˮ, ҪëŪ, Ǹͷ۵Ĵ󹤳̡
һðĻ, Ӻڡ
Ȼ㿴ܸɾҲӢһôʪĲǹָкõò˼èëһЦеڲĴèҪҵĴҲ϶Ҫϴɡ
ȻŴèڿ˾ŵ߰ɫʵЦġ
ȴû뵽ֻʵʵſţһ׵ȫһزȥèƤo
¶ؽ⣬ȻεؼסˡֻҪϴ裬ϰĴĻ
ֻǺزë棬èҲȫޱϣǻ˰һβ̵ʱ䡣
ϴùĲ󣬷ֲǲˮƵһȾ󡭡Щ
ǰһͨ
ȵ롣
ֻèδҲ̫ɾ˰ɡ
˵Ǹ׸Сèˣ˶ܱɾ
Ըоؿ۰ݵſԼϵĴèִ˴˫΢΢ѹĶ󣬾ƿȥˮˡ
ˮѾԶԾѣֻӱ̽һŴ޹èԴʧЦůǻ
ȻռСߴĽɫèȻֻǾ
ƺèе֣һҲֵ֡
Һļ
⸱ȶׯִ¶ģʵں췢.顢ܵӡ
һ˳ڴͷ²㱻вèһЦƿһЩӣҪɵèߵλϣȻ
ˡ
ĻͬĶһסˡ
գգۣؿһ޹ĴèŤͷ۱ë׵Ĵβɨ䴲ͷϵвè
Ҫⷿ⣬еڶˡèº󣬹⿴һ²ؼı飬Ҫˡ
ǡèèšԡèèһšȻ
ֺЦ
è͵ͷˡ
Ȼ´رɨڵصвè
ֻŸհȥΪ׵Ĵβ;ɨ˹ٴξ׼ذ䡣
ƺǲ˰ߣ͸Щط˸õرۡ

Ļɲܼˡ
òٴΰѵȻιľٶʱȼءաסҵβͣŷ棺۸èèĻҾҪ´ˡ
èƤo
k𾪵ۣëըӽɫͫﵹӳŰɫƯӡ

Ϊҵĵ񡭡ҵ
Ϊʲô
kŵشۣҵʱûߣ˼ůĴβͣѸײڶ֮˱
èûκηӦֻô
è޷ӦĵӸӴˣôߵطɿ˰ġƨɡ
ůڣëףࡣ
㵯ԡ
èƨָˡ
èƤoٶ۵գգۣ˸ã
񡭡
еֵֹġ
ö˵Ļ𣿡
º󣬲ű˯
һ̣ûסӱԼ𡢾ͺܵ˼Ĵίί۾ĴèЦԴףҲèèĴװ
ƺǱú΢΢ۡ
˵ţȴֻվڴͷǵһҴϵġ
캲ĵkİ£ǿؽˡҲҡʵ
Ȼŵkİͽڶ˵õk¸Ļˡ
è׺ú󣬰Űĵر۾˯״̬
Ȼ֪۾ձϣװ˯״̬Ĵè۾

ҵġ
Ѿܽˣk̲סսһЩٴսһЩ
ֱǰĶźߵͣ¡
ڡˡ
ڰǰģϤĵս塣
첻ϣҲͲɱرʮˡ
ְҵܾһΣǰͣĿ϶ȥյʱǵǲ
ƽʱĻֻܹ⿿ֵˡ
Ҳǿÿ״򲻶þһֱţ6ͣ˺ܾõġũˡѵŲ7
Խ棬ҪľԽࡣ
ʹ׼Ƴũˡ8ҪӴֵʱһ¾ͳɥʧ˳弶Ȥ
˳Ȼɡ
ôţרĲ鿴½ġ֯䷽
֯ṹ򵥵ķ֯ȻƷɫֻеİɫֻҪһŶëܷĳ˳Ĳϡ
þ˵һ׶ϵĻֿɵõĻľĺͲľά⣬Ψһ鷳ЩǡҺ
漰֮ǰġҺռ䷽ռҪͭ졪ڷֿǰͨèè½½ػȡ8öͭȫɡҺռˡ
֮ԶϣҪΪ˲ɼԺ조ͰҪõԭϡ
һҺٰҺɼתƵϾС
˼
֮ǰѾˣԼڵʱ£Ȼ෽滹ںԭʼĽ׶Σ֯ȷǴڵġ
ֻĻۼ߰ԲļҪҲܸߣֻͨǼΪü۷Ĳ÷죬Żݳ޵á
Դƽԣ֮ѡַĶǻĵɣֻԶȻۣܳܵļ۸
Ȼִõķ֯ҲֻҪһŶëܷĳòĵز
ĲֿպþͶѻļʱԵ͵˵ļ۸Ĵδë
ȻҪȫ÷֯
＾ɵĿ϶ÿԣһЩԹ¸ּҪõӺϡ
΢һ¡
ȥ׼ͨ˹ϣＯյëϷ֯֯ٶȵĻֻҪʮ̨ңӦþ㹻ˡ
ʱҲ϶Ǹϵüġ
Ȼ֪Ļһ׵ɶԣǸջ
ϾϷϵͳĲΪΨһ֪ˣסɶ̫ԡ
ȻҲ˷ѵؽϷϵͳ֮߸ȫá
ǣĲΪɶɹѵһ꣬ṩõ·
ļѾβ＾æµջͲּڡ
ʱ俴ܳԣ׼Ҫʱ󣬾ͻֶᷢĽŲѾòԶˡ
ƽǻãūϴЩǧٿ׵ãʵںţܰıѩء
Ȱһ꣬ѡκʵ跨еĻĽܲûɱͣѶҲ½ٿǴаɡ
ȻǺңԶļƻˡɱä£ҵܸĸ߼˲š
ԽԽͷۡ
ֻǲ϶ѣôǣô鷳
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99 һ
, ȻûελӵɴβͺͽɫèӢꡣ
ȻеźҲֻǺǳġ
Ͼڵ, ѾӵһֻԱ˸߰ޡΨ׽Ϊůèˡ
۾, ضһ˫Ľɫͫʡ
صӳЦáӡ
簲, װèè񡣡
̹Ȼë׵ġ.顱к
ΪֻһҲĴèԼúܽ, Ҳؾ΢΢ǰˡ
ƺΪ˷ֹ, ѩһ޳ָɵŵkա
аǳɫƤë, ĵָӽš
ڵk, ŴЦݵԽԽԽԽ
΢΢ۣë׵Ķͷһǡ
èƤo
kӲһ˲
kȻȷڵȴһͽ, ڵkļ, ȡ𶧺, źֻצϵġ
ﱻʱҲеĶ⡣
ǵһΡ
kգգۡ
Ȼȡ۳, , Ǿֵõġ
ңԶУһ貶ĿĽɫȦ, oϲһըյùâڡ
ֻ֪ȻһĴè, ʵѾĵΰˡ
ôèûӦ, Ѿǵغһ㡢ԷֹԷŭˡ
ŴӴ, ЦڵĻ, ȥѲǵˡ
ǽκڴϣֻ̧ԴİͽææȥoؿһĽèš˽ȥ˻ԣճڡϷһʻ
ᡭ
kԸз˦˦β͡
ͨ飬kѾʶϲkĵʲôˡ
أţֻһС
ͽæ귿£ϷжĶ£Ҫ׼ʱkҲգشӴһԾ£ݵظȥ
Ȼ֮ǰѾƸջϷˡ
֪ǣ뱳ռһ˲ƽʱвɵǶʻͱֻһ޹Ľɫè͵ߣᳵ·תƵ˽ɫ
èƤo˱ۣ΢΢¡
ڱʱ򣬵kνʶؿɫĻֺĺ棬һɳǱԡڽṹһ޵ĵط
Ψһͬǣֻɢɢؿʮ䡢õع̶ʢŽ׶εĻ䡣
⻪ڣ类һ
ǵkڰΰʱӵʢŵĲࡣ
ͬkΨһİͽkİ⡣
ֻ֪ʵɵĴèӶǲű߼ʵĺ˼롣
·ȥ˼ᣬܵذЩԽԽ󡢳ײڵļһ󣬾תسǱˡ
͵ʱؼ¹ڳĸ˹Ѿʺ򣺡Ϻã𾴵ĵ¡
Ϻãװĸ˹
ЦӦλһ̱ŵͶˣѯ𣿡
˼СˣȻȥǸççײײ˵ӣ˹üͷ
Ǻԥػش˰⣺û𴲣£Ҫҽ𣿡

ĵһӦȻǡλоǸ
ϸ룬־жܲƽĶۣҪһֱȫϷϵͳƿء춼״򲻶峿ĻҲѡøܹزġ塯һЩڴ΢õ㡣
ڵĻȴѾϰ˯æԸӵĳʵˡ
żһΣоܣķʱ䡯С
ǲҪȥŰˡЦõֹԾԾԵĹܼ˰͵ķȻҰɡ
Ϊܵ˲Сľšʱجеİء˹ŷŷȻ֪ԼΪʲô
ѹʱ̫ѾƵеλãڶҲѾһˡ
ⲻǡʱ䡪ƽūҪµæǣᡰۡɣΪƯŮԱ鸾̫ˡ
ȻΪҲ
ѯʡǷҪͺһ˽ʱȻػش𣺡á𾴵ĹǷѾˣΪʧǸ
ŵ޳ߣ˸еĿĵͬʱǿҵľ޸еġ
ڽʧܺ󣬱ֻ֪һİأܿʹָ˹
ϾԻŮԱΪɡӵ֮ͽ
ҲǺջ
ؼѵذοԼ
ΣҲλѲĸ˹ܼǰչһԼ԰µĹˡɣ
ȻĻȴ¶ȻЩΪѵ˵𾴵˹ŷŷ£ʮֱǸڵһ󲻾ãѾ˳ˡ
ۣʲô
ʵϣѾӣһ߷׼ðعĿĳ桰αһߵȻ˯ĶԷܾˡ
ۿŵڶҪȴȻûȵԷ
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˹ھؿϹֻĿޱȡ⿴֪һĽɫèС£ľ䴩󣬲֪æʲô
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ҪС¶ϲƵԱĸԸءȥĻһὫֻƤҰקġ
һ˵˿󳡺󣬰ϲֻɫèҲܼ䵱èˡ
ڵ̽ڵϷųʯ󣬴èһ㣬ŵ̧һֱϵ򢣬צҲӯʯͷϡ
ʯЩСǺԥ棬˳ŽɫԲͫŲԶİ
ĿһĻĸ˹ӵĿעǳƵ϶ׯ̬΢΢һ·üͷ
ѹС»ôϲֻè
롣
Ŵèɵģ¡ԵԽèëûסȥ
װèè񰡡
ߣèȻӰ˰ʮָٶȡ
ظпţѵصסǿջ󣬹ץηʱ䣬ʯͷ
ȴû֣׽ԺһͷĽɫèȻػζë׵ġ˳Ĵβ͡
ʵĿ󳡵ȻϷĿ󶴣ÿ춼ˢºüΡ
Ȼϴ뿪ʱڵÿӿݵģʹûüŵˮ
ˮʯĻ棬㹻ֵĹǷ̶ļȴ޶á
ֻرܿʱʺϽھĶѨڣطˡ
ǣŹİ𼱻ǵظʱľôһΥ͹Ļ桪
ֻŵȫ޵صϵĴèſһԲĻɫʯϣβһûһµҡţ۾һգգضǰ
ƽʱֱλСµĸ˹ȴϾֻżλ̴վһߡ
üͷֱĿʯ
ؽסˡ
鲻Խ۾۾
ȷλֳֳصʮָ䡢ڿһߡһ߼һʯˣǳԼĻþ󡭡
ȫƲסķӦ˺ѷεؽ¡


100 
ش͸ʮļ, ø˹ԭڴʯͷϵĴèƵŤͷҲЩðһûסʮָ䡣
, ˣ
ϾԼϵĿˣҲԤĿ, ֻݵԥ, ͣ˲ʯĶ
΢ЦſһһէĶԷϣɶɹһҹ
հ, 𾴵ĵ¡
ؾ㱵, ȫƾܵظ󣬲ΡΡָָһ޶Եĸ˹, ŭôõūĻ
ū, ˡ
ɫĹܼǰЦЦ, β˽аڹǵŽ棺ΰèèߵʥ, ɲǲ߱ǻ۵ıūġ
, û˷֣ԭ΢΢һգգضŰؿĽɫèַ
ëĴβ, ٵػζ
ûС
ҴûС
԰´Ŀ顭
ܲǵһ, k̲סЩơ
kŲ֪ΪʲôҪЩµİͽſ, ǳԼ˼֮С
ΰġèè񣿡
૵ؾ׽δţѧʶҲκκ
治ԸŷģҲֻλ˵ܸ޾еoˡ
ʹԵʱ, ҲƲϿԡ
Ȼ, ӦҲ˰ɡ΢΢, ζλڳǱߴıʾ⣺Ǿèèǿ, ĴڣҲɲ׵˺ķ
û뵽ǣָһ̻ŰɵİأٿȻѳ˿ȵĹ⡣
ޣȻģ
ŵʱһĻɫ죬һڼؿ𾴵Ĺ°Ұʵ˵ݿһǺΰӰȨ˶֪èèΰٹɣ

ͨңȻȻͬ֡
ֳ
һ뵽ԼһѾΣľͲ̫Ӧ
ðػԼȻǻȽϺá
ôһ룬ûֱӴӦƵ˵èèȻӵǿȴһλߵoмڽۻͽĳݡΪkɵġһ޶Ķ٣ȻҲ˶ġġ
򴽣һֹģ
ء˹ŷŷƵϺպҰôܱڡˡУ
˵⻰ˣĸԸһУҲҪ׷浽ưܵط˹
ָĶĿùӵо춯صӴܵ
ȥֻίίذѱĻȥ
Ŀе˹ûг׻ؾ
ڰص׹ߺ󣬰΢ЦȻҪһܲͨΰèèĿĻͲһˡ
һ㶡
۾һΪܶҲʶͦøֱˣޣ𾴵ĵ°ҵȻޱڴܽΰèèĿ飡ҳʵķϣҸɣ
ʯϵĽɫèβͣҲֹ֪ͣ˰ڶ
kĬĬעİͽŰ˵ǸkԼ֪Ŀ飬ʲô
èèŵİ֪ԱһɵؿţֻЦеҪĵһ£Ǳֳ㹻ġ
ɲ˷ʺڿѵ졣
Ҹ˼ǣƺرáÿʯĽ2-5Χģ඼34ǻ
˽ֵܾȻʯ5飡
˵èèŸŷ
ЦţȻ֪Լʵµֻ࣬ųٴǰʣµİꡣ
ǣ¡
󣬹Ȼʵʵصһˡ
ֻʼնҪôҪôƺÿһ붼ͼ尾
ţֱԼһϷ
ÿһ£ϵİؾҪ̾һ
ʯͷһսϷǰʧʱؾ͵һ

ȻͺڸոǸðһ߿šֱɰ˸ϻسǱȴľˡ
ôϸ񾭣о㶹
˹صҲԽԽ䡣
ضԴ˻ȻԵЩλ壬ڹۿšʹɿ󡱵ͱС
һۣǸеޱΥ͹Źֵġ
Ȼ˼ǣ뵽oʥ飬ֻ˹϶һ޶ˡʲôĿſţȻ𽥲׽С
վϸʥۡ
ìܵĴڣȴ˹ϵõĽϡ
ԽԽü
룬뻭
Ȼ⻹ڣôһСֵĹһ߿ţǸеЩڡ
һֵܾʱ;èǣϰһسǱˡ
ɵǣԭĵգǻس̵·Ϸɿ
̤Ǳŵһ̣һζô׹䣬صڱɹðɵĵϡ
лèèıӡ
Ϊֻɺϣرܿܵ鷳黹Ǳúܺá
̲ס׻ֻèĶ⣬ë׵è߰ɿ춶ʱЦҲлèèŵıӡ
һ·عĽɫèٿȻŽɫͫףؿŸոԼꡣ
һ˻صҺ˳»ɵİͽϵĵkذ˰עĿĴβ͡
kԼĴƷմϵĵõϢ
ǡ
ġ
ʱעѾŵİˡ
ڲͬͽΰèèȻ費ͬĿ顣
żɽ˵ţ׼ؽǼ׫ǽгдĵһ׽̲飬Ƶ˰ǰҰлõͣдµЩʰèèĶ͡ΪЩ޴ūҲܶǻۣ⣬ǻҪһЩֱӵİ
ðģǸеĿαϴĲͼ
˵Щ̲ĵԭȡڹɣģȥЩֻ߳Աϴ/ݺ󣬿һ飬ʱͱñÿ
Ҳ٣ģǾô̵Ŀ顢֧̻ܰ˰ƽҺͯѧ֪ʶĻֲ֡
ֱдȥӵݣ˾յĹֲ͹Ļ֪ʶ⣬϶ﻹܼǵáȽϵ͵ĳԡԢԡͯ͡һǧһҹĹ¡
ȻЩС£˲ٸıࣺȥһЩ̫ԵڰǿȨݣҲù¸Ϻʱ
ôȻǳڡպ󷴿Ļ֡ߴϵɡ
ѷʱڣӱȤĹ£ƽǶ޷ľʳ֮һοūˡ
ִѧõ¿αĵһ죬̲סĿαûʲôȤĹء
ͨԢֵķʽڽĻϣūѧϰĻ԰ˡ
Щֻΰèèǻǳһ֡ɰػطǼαڴҪΪЩϵÿһƪ¶ƳʵͼĻһõèèļνġ
Եط飬Ժҵص˵ͷ
ȥˣֺѾȫһƪƪƪ̡ܶȴޱȤСС
Щֲ͹ݣڱһСкҲһ㶼Եÿˡ
ýζ
ǲ˼顣
ΪʲôôȤͬʱ˲ĸоأ
ԽԽеη
Ȼһӵеǻۡ
һֱʵʵſڰϵĽɫèȻתת䡣
k°̧ۣͣضźЦİ
ǰ˵ġ
ҲŲνˡ


101 һ
ʱš
æµս׶Ѿ, Ｏ
ھϲõֻƽ
١ȴӵԴĹ壬ٻܡǷաӰ졣
ū, ԶĻҪ
γԱȵǣÿʣԼﱸʱ䣬ȴٵÿ
, ܱһʱ䡣
޷ṩκ˰աһɻ͵ͬڰ׳԰׺ȵūκһﶼǲϢġ
, 羭̥ǡòǰȻͬɳʱ, ļֻＯЩǵעģǡūǾȻûڸɻ, Ǿһ顱滭棡
ū飡
ΪθＯΨһ̲ˣ𾪵춼ϲ£ˡ
˼飡ҡͷԵظ̾ţȻūô鱾ȡǵıӸ޷֪ʶ
ҪٶǹµĻֱ˵, һǷˣ
ūôأǿһʵ̫Źˣ
йɸϸļǻЩڶݵ㵺󣬺ܿͽһС
һ²ͬ, ơͻ, ȫȥˡ
ˣɳṩＯʹõĹ㳡, Ȼϴεĵطȴһ
˵طӿ, 滹ݳ޵ľذ, ֽ˷ηһľ, ˹ʱõ̡
û˶Դ˸е
ǰɳΪ, ṩеĵص㣬ɡǹ㳡̣ȫǸķӣ
ôƯ̵ܸĻбȽϵĵĻֻ򵥿˿⡣
ƷģһǮֻҪЩǹŴ㹻ͷ۵ķ㣬ܰѶָʱˡ
Ϊ·УԸڱѩдڸмһ֮ٵģ˶ԸһΪ϶׼Ｏ
вˣȥļͬпУ֪ڵɳڹµֵ˷츲صı仯źظġ
ûй䣬ǶضڲԶ¢ϣ鱾˼ڤū
̣ûסҷ֣߽ˣ׿ѯʣ٣飬ܿһ𣿡
ŵūһڿƻĴź󣬲ԥ¡
ȻǲԸģֱֲӾֻܾһʹϣһǧšǧŪĻ
ūȻū
˲м롣
Ϊ˳䵱棬Ҳ˽ٱ飬С嶼Ȳĵ̡
ūֶ飬ôܴĵŪ
Ƴūӣ̲סЦūĴС֡
ɵһõ֡󣬾ͳˡ
ǰĻݣȻİ
Сʱ򣬻ҵĺӣѧ޷ǶṩĿαϵݣ֮䣬ǴͬСġ
ɷǱҳֺݾȫһˡ
˿ͷȡĽ̹壬ҲȰϡȻҲǶ˰๱׵ĻһһС¡
һҳı⣬ǡķĸ
ĸÿһһķΪιЩ󣬾ͻÿµǣÿ춼ιĸԽԽʣһҲˡ 
ô˵ʲô
󣬲·ȴһ¡ֻܵĹˡ
أ
ں棬ѯū
ǱʶĴ𰸣Ȼơṵ̄Ķʲôõľ
뵽λȻ󷽵ūȫեṩѧϰ㣬־ûõһĴ𰸡
ū΢ؿһۣ档
λˣȻ˼ֱҪ𰸣
֪ҪԼ룬ٸۣſдʲôء
ûƷλūݣֱ棬۴𰸡
ķĸĲοǣµĸʱϵҪԡҪһƽȵˮƽҲҪ֤ӪĶӦÿǼ䡣ʱƼι䷽Ӧ60%ף10%Ƥ20%Ķ9%ۺ1%ĹǷۣƼιг䷽Ƽιĸ䷽67%Ƥ8%8%8%
ζû뵽ݻôӲ˵Ĳˣ
Ϊ˷㼴ʹͨ񲹺ɨäĻˮƽҲȻʮ޵ū̲Ķĵ䱸˲ͼ
ڡԣúܼ򵥵ıʴճһֻë׵СУгȾҪݳö࣬ĸӡ
ȣҲһԲͼְٷֱȣÿһϱ߶˺ܼ򵥵ıʶ
ǻܲūҲܿ
ֺȻض֪ʶչ죬ʲôķף̶ϱⷢùͽ顭
Щ׶СͼȻǰ̰ػġľӡˢҲū׿
ܲðȫԼѧڽ̿ȫͻɡɵĿɶҪȵˡ
ؾܸеʮֲڣһ뵽ʹĽ飬ĿΪͨĿ飬ǿˡ
˳ױסˡ
ԭֻǴһĿʮС㷭ϼҳӲûסūԽżĿ⣬վֿ˺öҳ
ūͲסʱò黹һŭԵūһ顣
ڶԱȺȴ˽ͷƤһ㡣
ݡּҳȻһģһ
˶ˡ
ⲻܣ
ѿڶ
ͬһֳҲܳȫһּ
ôˣ
ķշҲ̲סȥƽʱĸĲվհסɵһ˹
ӻأ̲ס鴫˺ķٻƣƽʱôϸ𣿡
ķһͷˮؽӹһͷˮؿһ½ں𺳵ҡҡͷ
ȻҲһЩСɣСиߵĳɻὲֵز
עģȻ龹Ȼһģһ㣬ݱˡ
ٿ¢ɢɢչùūʱеͷƤ顣
ŵ飬Ҳǳһģ
λôģ
ķŶţȴ漫󣬼ֱ᲻÷ſⱾˡ
ⱾαȻر࣬Ҳ٣Ϊóѧ߿˴ͼԣѭ򽥽ǳķ
޲һꡣ
ֶؽص󣬻еδʲô
ǿαūػش𣺡ΰèèͨʹˣѧϰĳα
⾹Ȼֻǳα
ķɴ۾ŵš
ūɵؿ˵ͷ׿˵ˣèèµǻ۵㹻󣬾ͻ¸ǻۣ
ķ˿
̲ᵽݣôн׺͸߽׽̲ģֻὲôµݡ
Ҫūһ߻񣬴ٲ黹鼮Ҫץӣ롭
٣㣬ķظƤֱǱūⱾ飬𣿡
ˡ
ūûشһƽ޲ȴһӱϺȻ
ˢˢزͷȥһλʿˣ
ΰèèͨʹΨֻͽǻۡʿ䵭ʹǿˣδõ£Ҳġ
ʿķ鲻ԽʣҲԸΪͽ
ü㿴һۣǿˣͽ
ǺķټǨӵǲܳΪͽġ
һ£һˮõ˺ķһ߹Ĳͷϡ
รҡˡ
ȻԸ֪ʶˣҲڻͷᵽƫƧ
ܾĿǰļѾáһסˡ
һ޼ʵĴƬũյ˶ٰѽɳǣͰ֮ǰƬϵһ
ʿū뿪󣬺˹ΪԼΣʼ磬˼Ĳ˵Ȼݳ޵ū飬ôҪ֪ʶ̫˼ˡ
ȴ˼Ҹۼһˣôô飬ȫһģһģ
ȻܿӴֵҪ򵽣ܽõĻ;ܻÿֲˣ
Ȼû뵽ڳĵӡˢô̵Ĺע
оⷽ棬Լģֵʱ£ֽŲرϡеԴֽǳƵϽΪۣȴûӡˢ鱾ȫֳ
վԭ۵Ĳ˺ͺķǣʿܿȥˡ
ŵģǳŴǽеǼʱʹõĲӡ
ֱԹ˴ŸĿ۷Ĳˣֱӿķķ
ķ˴ǣңʿ
ʲôˣ
ȷݺ󣬿΢΢ף
ܺķܸҶʣ΢䴽ǣ¶ԽӲġʽ΢ЦҪټ㡣
ʲô
ʧ˳
ļʺСëζĺķȻ˵صõ˳Ǳдˣ
ȻǱڱеĺķĮĿܶκν͡
ĿͺķһɪظڿǱȥʱ˼ʵɫЩˡ
ɶǸ˹ʺ˵
޷޵ض˶ţСš


102 
ķڿʿ, ۿŶ쵽ǱǰˣŹѯͷβʿʿ, ʣ֪ټΪʲô𣿡
ѡ
Դִɺʲôûüأ
Ҫ˵Ϊ˽ū鱾¶ͷĻ, Ҳ̫ܣôôɵĲ˵ðҲڷҪǱ
ҪΪ, ԼܴЩֺĴļļ, ͻȻ˵µĻ
ķٺƤҲô롣
Щ, λէܲ׽ʿͣ½ŲԼؽ͵һҪֱӸ̸
ķۣ˼¡Ҫ𣿡
ޱص˵ͷ
ķҲû뵽, Լ˵Ǳ͵ÿǹֵһ⡢涼ƵϺ۵һСȻڽĸ߼
ķȻҪ̸һ
л㱵ļӴҺöԷȺ, ˳ȥˡ
λϿտҲ, ²ڣܼҲڡ
ķɵۡ
վ˻, ֪ôʱȻһλ͡
λԼ൱, ɫȴոյʿ, ׺͵öࡣ
Լʾ, Ѿʾ˹˵˼, ΪæŴµȴ
ȵõ˵׼󣬾Ͱȥᡣ
ڵȴڼ䣬ԼŮȡһЩɫƷĵƽ״׺ͰúķƷ
ķڹµĳǱҡڵسԺȣ
ϻ̳Ͽֵλ鿴ܺƵ;˾ϹҪһʾл⣬ԷѾ뿪ˡ
ȷæ
ŵ˵æµз·һζƲϷϵͳİɹҲԶ˹ȥΪ
ūæȻ죬պͬšϴɾ˲ٵμأҲũпǿͲˡ˺ͶС
һΪַݸԵþȵشСһޱȿԣ
ﶼջ׶Σһ޼ʵũҪôӲӡҪô͵ģҲðֵǴ鲻Ϸյ׵أԵرĿˡ
Ϊÿժһ䡢ٻ1-3ӡɵɫտԽԽࡣ
пյʱֲ˺ũķ϶ЧϣֻҪǿ̲ס¶ЦݵĴ󻨡
ɢطֲũ︽ĺޣӶֻǰѷʱͶʹá
ȵ괺죬ﶬۻͷͣϺõķˡ
ڵأҲȱƽ񰤼Ұӵеֻѷ䡢Ը⣬ūЩϡ͹ҺͣͣķͷˮֻҪݷͺ󣬾ʹá
ũ£Ҳû
ļʱȣＯڳﱸ׶ϣζҪԣöࡣ
ûѡһжΪոս󣬾ūʯ·ƽ˵棬·˶ˮ
ԭʯ·ֻһеȴСͨУڵĻͬʱʹˡ
ڲô·ޱҪɹ⾰õЩ꣬Ҳûгֹķپ
һ۶߰˵óҲҪüöأ⻹ûԯ
ȴô롣
Ҫ븻·ڲͨСƽʱҲҪõ·ֻҪޣһ޺õ㡣
ܸ˴̵ĵһӡ·Ҳӡһ֡ＯУĴ˷ľ̾ܿЩŬûа׷ˡ
ˣҲǳ֮ƣΪɶЩʶ˸߱һЩ˹ͻʩҪ⣬ɴðƳƷ̡ūͼֽǿɹõ̷
һٸһλЩŬûа׷ѡ
ȻҲ飬ذհļƻеġ
ڶӵɨäƽ仺Ҳеġ˶ᡱ͡忼ԡһƳ١
ļ̫ƵҲհ׽̲ɵ̫ԭ
ϾóĻͼϾֻҵһҲֻܶѹեˡ
ʹСܻèèôһܲǰţԴ־ڱصõİؼǷʳԼҹͼȴȻȻ
ֱļĵ죬زڷظĸ£ֱͨªòĿȴ˹ʮհ档
ľ̳ľ塢ӡˢٶ£Ҳǻ˴¡
ȵһ500׿αʱ＾ĵһ¶Ѿȥˡ
ȻЩգǰοԼպøպæӽūæĻ󣬾Ϳڳѧϰˡ
㣬ڶ쵽ǰѧϽӽ2µʱ䡣
Ȼٰʱ䲻̫ܿ
Ǿʱø˹⹫ˡ＾һµѮèè񽫽¿飬ҽͻЩˡϢ
һΰèèĿ飬ԭĵΪ˾̫ˣǸѧϰèèǻ۰ߡѧᡱūǣʱ˸һ
ڹʿǰĽ꣬ǲٹѹεҰˣΪһֱ֦ʰȡȨ޽ķﶼ˺ö½ʰȡľġ
ǵȻƽݳ޵춼û¯ȼšЩܶ˵Ҳܵõůˡ
˵ǻµķӣǵôƯġΪǵľӣ
뵽һжʹ˺èèĶͣΪ˲õkʧǱĽܿˣһĥǹһ
ʼЩǲžطֻ֣ҪӲͷƤɬѶĿͷ֣ЩֵĻЩΩΩФͼǾܴ¶Щˣ
ȻҪѧ֪ʶǺܷӡѧϰҪȤ̫ˣ
ūǺܿʶЩ߰ĺѧġ
ǸҪǵı޲ߡ˵ĹǾԶԾذЩܵС׽ؼңȻǶ顣
͵СӣڽϵȥŪϵóı⣬Ųʲôó
ʰ˶پòˣҲ֪ЩҰܳԡЩǴģµҲòͷ
ƽʱֻڹµİ£һЩɵĻ·ʱȥʯͷڵĻ͸Ͻ뿴ݵĸĸɣ
ڸĸ۰Ͱ͵صѧ󡢰һȤѧСʱЩƽʱû˹̵ܽСӣڵĺӾͳ׵ͷˡ
Ϊ١˺ͯʼٸߵİ¶Աһġ⡣
ƳγΡë׵Сǣʽ׶ˣ۵ġߴߴתԵͳġ޺죬ⴹ۾һֻֻظĹĵģڵԵԲƨɱɫĸɾëǣʲݣ˾
ʵϣ𣬾½мʼöˡ
ֻ¶ܵذϲѶ㱨ʱһӡ
ʼȻڴȺҪﵽ50%
ҪĿʱ㣬ҲԲԶˡ˵21䣬Ⱥͽ׽ڡ
ޱȽżȺİԣȻޱҪʱ̣ѾҪע֪¶ˣǾҪ۶õ䡢ǵȹΪѡ׼ˡ
Ϊ˷ֹŵļȺһܱӰ롢ҵؽĽèõĽɫèζ˳ǱУ
ҴҵشϰŵϵèƤo
ίһ¡èĿܺ󣬰ܵkգ΢ЦذǱæˣҾͻ㡣
kͼȴۼֿذ˻ȥ
ȴ㹻õһαܾĴèܴȻ
ȴʯĳ΢Ц˵Ŷؼʱ̣èèɰҲܰȥŵСĸӰ
仰󣬵żǱߵİͺܿˡ
kؿҵĴţİͽءعϡ
ҡ
kŶ䣬ɥˡ
βͽ˦ţǹɽƵζԽԽǿҡ
֪ڴſ˶ãkȻ۾С
롭èˡ
һ̣ĽɫèӰ׵ʧˡ


103 һ
ʱļ, ȻǰڸմӺķӻصһСʱūʱǼľˡ
λȦĴƬصУǽ嶼ÿɲжľ幹ģһ, ֻҪͨлŵķ, ܷܺضԼȺֻ, ʡͬʱļ伦ĲϺʱ䡣
꼦ڷɿʱսӡˢľ, Ҳڰָ½ܹĵظ˲䡣
ÿ3-4ֻĸҪ1ֻ, 滹ҪЩɹɵĲϻա
Ⱥ200ֻĸǲĿҪﵽ60ֻ
վ߳εȻڰòǰҪһ
Ľմ󹦸ɣæµľͱ¶ˡ
ΰèèǻ۵ָ, ¶ѧͽԱǣÿֻŽһöյ, Ϊðĸҵµѡ
ԹǷ۵ĥƣΪ֮ó׼, ˮ
ԼȺķʱ, Ҳ˺ܴĵڲ߷ڵһ̫ǿôҼǶʱ, Ϊô󲿷ּڽǰ˳ɲ, ʱࡣ
Ϊ˱⾪ŵµļȺڼֻȫ뿪ǰ, ż뼦񵰡ڶμ, ڼȺϻؼ֮ǰһС
ҪǷּͳµĻ, ѼزҪʵ޷ֹǷ̫߳µĵطбǡԺʰ㡣ҪǴѡؼԵĻζϵķҪӴϡ
ÿֻĵҪһǷɾճգٷŵؽﴢ
ûܾĵԵļ۸ӦƽоǷҪ
ΪƽеĴ˶ԸͨѧϰķԼԸﵽԸĿģ¼۸񹻵ͣЩ̫ʺϳڴĵ࣬ݳ޵ԵǵҲ
Ҫɷ䡢ҡƽ֮ĸƷＯǰܵһʽۡ
˵ֵѡҲҪʱʼġڰԥֱӴǱֵܽùϵļȺڲ֣ǴѰҺʵּʱûùĸк
Ҳ̫ã뾡ˣ²Ϊ˾췱һպʱΪĸȺ䱸ֹҲܰĸ/׶ΣݷӰ죬Ӷ߼
ԵС磬ֻ¶Сƴ
żֻغڽʮԽԽֱﵽ׼С
Щ⣬ص㶣¶ɨʱע״ɫÿڷǰҪԼıй۲졣
תĲʳȴͲ߲ķҲԵҪˡ
ֳ¶صؼ¼Ӧ״ģһɫʣʪ󡣶ɫġ״ϡġѪķ㣬ǲģ뾡ץЩ
ͬĺУūƽְߡصǸ
ޱЩСǣޱӵġ
Ҳ׿˵ɵδҪĴڡ
һһ󣬲˴ūƽӴرġӡĴڡ
ǳ⣬Ѫһˡ
ΪԼĹøãûиĸıȣΪ˲öεˡǻ۵èèʧ¶Щ޿ء鲻ԸĺҪڷܵöࡣ
ڵһԱѾѧᡢڰǰ˳ͨˣֵܷĹҲ˸ѧϰҵʱ䡣
ҲŬ
õôһƽһϵͳѧϰ»ĻҲһǧġ
ʱ֮ǰŵͼȫ£ǿɭֽʼ¼ˡ
űʼǣݸ佱С¶Ҳдúܲ
ּǱϵİоҪһľ롭һλѧ߶ԣдôѾ˲ˡ
лл¡
¶㶣Υغߵɫ죬ȴǰǰ͸еϻ̳Ͽˡ
򴽣ŵصһΪＯĩıϺúñֵģ
ʧЦɲѾ쳣ŬСŮѹ̫󣺡ΪңΪԼͺá
¶֪ʲôֻص˵ͷ
ܻһЩ̫߹ͣ˼£˵ţһҪϸ۲죬ʱں׽Сɫƫǳϵëȴ⻬̬ƫֻƫݡ߱ЩʵĶϱǡ
Ȼ֪½ЩΪʲô¶ص˵ͷԥˣ𾴵ĵ¡
ʵЩˡ
ֿɵãҲÿܹλȫܵĹܼʱЩɼпڸУȴ޷ġ
᲻óԣõּҲ᲻óԣЩ첻㹻üֵĵͲĻΪ˲ӰɼȺһܸһ¿ڸ֮˰ɣ
Ѿ˹ˡ
֪жȼ⣬μļǼըζ
ȻҲԶʳ
֮⣬Щ̭ĵͲһЩƷٰ˶ĩˡ
԰Σ˼һ֪Ĺǣھӵʳš
ڳ֮ѾСʱ԰ԼĿеļˡ
վڼȦʱǻǻܵشչعš
ڵһʼûͶιǵ˼󣬾ͽɢˡ
Ȼϣȫʮȵıˡ
Ͼʳǻʳŵģϸĵ¶һ4-5εƵڿؽвϣԲôڹؼڵǶŵġ
ڳԱϰ˸ԱǵĴڵЩĸвѭűܣʼҸĲµˡ
¶ãʼͱϰ˰ڸ²ٻˡ
Ա˵о˾ڲԶǵһһֶŵط
ҪɭϺǵ飬رעǵĶʱȳĻǲҪ˵淸һЩͼ
ȻҪԽɻˡ
վڼǰ͸￴żʩͺá
ĺô
ظ̾
ʲôΪ̰ͼǵ㾭ֵͶ˰ȺϰߣҲֻҪ¶Ƿǰȥɿһ־ͺá
ĿҲƻеһ˳
ĵصȴһ̫ҲشӱԶɽ͵סĶƶлһ롢ʮҵλʱ˲һ߶ɵɫëһ߽ءաţӲ½
еıȽļʼƽʱܻ翪Ļľǽĵáơ졣
¶̲סת
΢ЦͷʾĲ߷Ѿȥ԰Ѽųȥˡ
ȻڵļҰȡʳֻÿ10-20%ң̶Ҫ̲ϡܴﵽġ
ҲΪ˻ȡʳΪյʱҰҲڼ彡
ȺӵʱһߵȺһСԼҲ˰ߡ
ϹϾظʾţ£ԸλķѾǱˡǷȥ
šԼѣ˺ķǵֱӴɡ


104 
һĺķ, ܿ챻Լ˰ǰ
ķԶԶλվڼȦʱʱ𾪵Ŵ죡
񰡣òۻ˰ɣ
ɵ۾
ǿ⡢, ļ˶ӽļȦ
߸ϵĹ, һΨһһλ, ȻԸ⿿ô۵ĵط
ķεĲ˼顢ǰʱ, ̷Ĳͬ
Զʱ̫ԣЩ, źȻʶ⼦δҲ̫ߴ̫Ưˡ
ôõľݣļ¶ǵĴƽ񣬶ס
λˣȻݳ޵üס
ķƤ
е, ˳ųļ￴ܿĿռ
ϷܼܣǽλŷŴСһľ, Ҳɸɾ
õͨԱڿɨ, ֻмµʼ, ûϤĶ

˶ôϸ
ϡһĻ, ķ̾š
֮ǰǿαݺܿţĻ˵ЩޱȵļԵ, ôȸӵء
ԼȻڣ𾴵ĵ£˺ķˡ
͵رѣΪʧ񣬺ķϽ˵, Ҫϥ¹񣺡𾴵ĵ, лġ
϶, ùˡ
ԭֻġû߼ſڵٿӵķ˶ĸ
˵˹߳º΢ЦعͷȥǱߡ
Ǳıߣ
ķûüΪ˹еܳһͷˮ
ŵظڽ󣬲һߵһȦļȺԡ
ղȫĸķزͬƬõĵؿϣɢֲȫǹ
Լһۡ
Լᣬ΢Цѯʣˣδ˶ֻ
ķעѾȫеЩˡ
찡ûô׳Ĺ
һֻֻȲ޳ʱγɵĽǶҲǡôģزƽ̹
Ͼ漰Լıеķѵõغܿѹˡ
£ʵش𣺡δҪǻµĸͳֻ4ֻء
Լ³λĿġ
벻׵ǣλѼȫĹˣѾӵôޱĽ׳ּˣﻹҪӱĵطأ
ֻ4ֻĴ𰸺󣬰Щʧ
һ201ֻĸ1:810ȵĻٵ21ֻС
ҪԺѡнһֵɸѡƷõĹ֣ȷڶɼһء
ʵ̫ˡ
Ȳ㣬ҲҪķͱĵ
ϾǸȱݵŴԣһĹѪͳҪ׽ϵ
վȨĹ嶼ôοǼء
ҪԼʵûкʵļѡĻȥ¶Ǻ͸׸ǵӻٿ
ҪǺҲϣգֻȺԭһЩֵܽõĳɼǻԣ´ٿϡˡ
ҿһ
ܿ
ۿķǼֻήҡֻͬȺĸ΢ôһ㣬Ҳ޹Ĺ󣬰ǳʧˡ
ʹ;ͶٴӰ죬Ӱëɫ;״̬ȴǲڶڵôġһֻϸּҪȽͬĸض30%С
Сӣ㵱׸Ҳȫ䲻Ͼ˾ĻƸ
ܰʲôû˵ɫҲһûбֳԵķǲڵص˵ͷ
û취ЩʢĴ󹫼󣬳˵Ϲ˵ҫԼҼĻ
ķĬĬпࡣ
Ҳû뵽ϲй壬Ҳй壡
óԹɫԼʱڵڰ¶ҵЩƷõĹ𣿡
ȺķشԼζز˾䣺ڵǰ룬Ӧò˵Ѱɡ
ķȻҡ
˼ڤһСػش𣺡𾴵ĵ°ҪҪѾӵеƷáһĹĻǱ˵ǰ¶ˣ׸ǣҲҲġ
ⱲӾʹûһܰѼôϸôõĹү
Ҫúķ֪λȤصĹÿСӳɻʴﵽİٷ֮һٵĻһܵľš
üءšһ
ֳɵֹļƻǾֻܡ
ɨۺķװšٶֻĳϵδĳȫҪˡ
ֻҪֵܿܽõĿܣ΢һڣǱͯҲС
ʹͷһϵɵĵ̿յ˵һ׵βİܸоˡ
ȻҪϴΪܶˡ
պÿȥ¶ȫȨΪѧĿ顣
æص£õһʱ䡣
صǱУ׼ǰϴ衢·
ȴϲؿϱɳȥĹܼѾصȺʯˡ
¡˹΢΢õˡ
˹ˡڴ̸ôˣ
ø˹ȥ̸ģǹ׾ơͺͲƥ⡣
ڷŶһġũˡְҵѾ˳嵽8Ҿ9ġӸƻҲֻм֮ңˡ
8ġũˡṩĽեͻͰ
ȻɹϷϵͳĲűѻԽԽĲϣһСͰեͻ
ջտͶեͻֻҪһСÿһһƿտ
Ͱ׵ĻҪȴ4ʱ䣬ͻһƿ׾ˡ
аԭƻʮ̨֯ѾڹȥİͼĴëȫĳϵȲϡ
ҲǴ˿ѷɫ˿ѩײƥʱ򣬰ʶԽãԽζֱūʹá
̫̫ۡˡ
⵱Ȼ㻵¡
ĳϺòϣＯûһ£Ҳڶ쵽ǰ跨ڽĳС
ЩǮ۸лůܵĲϻūԼȥ·
ʻ󣬸˹¶ɫȴѵõؼЩ΢ЩΪѡ
򴽣΢ۣѵشţʮֱǸ£飬Ρûɡ
¶˰ԵЦ⣺ЩҵǸ˹ǿЩ𣿡
ǣ˹ܿҡҡͷ
ȶ۸ʱȳһ׾ơ˹ţΪ֮ǰұͬˡ
գۣ׷ʣȻ󣿡
˹ֻһǾȫˡ

׾ƸʱǳһڣȷȽϸߡ
Ǹڵ˺ȹߵĵơһȣȫҾˡ
Ҳ̿ǵ׾ܸ㹻̵ӡˡ
˵䣬ǰ棬λøŹܼҸ˹
һܼҼѯŵʱΣһҵķȥ
ȴţһ·ĵԼڷĴèϰԵؿ˴ķ
ǵЦݣ˲ͬĽŲһ˵
ֻϤ̬޳׳ӵƯĽɫëĴèѾˡ
ȡ֮ġ
ޱ飬޲Բۡ
ΥؽʱƵóߵģǰޱȵ龰
λͷһ˫ë޵Ľɫèһɫɴβͣ¶ġ˹΢΢Դֻɰ͵Ĵèϲǰ㣬רעضԼ
Ȼλèġ˹
һӦȻһ
oãȻע£Ҳسλĸ˹ӦǰԿƴҰıȳصĴšžһ˦ˣ


105 
ûмԼСô³ľٶ, ˹ԭʯ˺ܾãųɵʣ£ղǣ
ûʲô
סµľκ, ȻؿĹܼ
ĿԴ΢˱ͦĶԷϻ, µЦֻǺȻһ, Ҫһˡ
ʱġèèµᵽ, Ҫһƿ׾ƸءĻֵϷȡƿ׾ơ
Ȼ֮, Ȼܽȥ
ǰ˳ؽڣѾèèĴŲɵĹܼҸˡ
ˡ
Ŀ͸˹뿪󣬰˿
ʵƾһƽƽľţ̫ܵסǸġè˹
ֱ, ԷûŶĳ̶ֳѾ㹻֤Էδж⡣
ֻǲ֪Ŀʲô
ȻĹĹټײ˵, ˫èʹβ͡
Ϊʲôиè˹, è˹
һҡ
, ָ, ŶϤˡ
ߣè
´ǰΪԷһ, ̲סèèıϣְܻϹ۾ֻèèָˡ
һţһţҿ㵽ʲô
ƿ, ղŸĪŵġè˹, Ȼڴϡ
á
侲룺֤, ԲԼĻþ
Ʋϵĸ˹ܼ㣬ë׵èèβ֤ȫϵһ㡭
ɺϡ
֮ǰΪֻԴԼЩߣèξпܣҲʵʴŵġ
ȥһ
ԽԽеҡ
׶ʲôȥͬôã
İͽֳԼ͵ıԼ͵Ľָ߽ʱʹkΪղͻȻˤŵľٶеֲ⣬黹һ»ָ˲١
ڰλôôŹֵġè˹һ´Ӿɥſڴϵ̬ڵñֱƣλʱ޿̲֫ٺܼңôһ񣺡
ˡ
Ŷ
ƽ룬Ҳ̫ԡ
֪ࡱԡͳöȻĸ˹
ֱ񵥴ޱȡ̬ȻĿɰеġ˹ϰԵ¶΢ЦǸҲ̫ϰҹܼҵܱԼ𣿡
á
ðĸĸɴ࣬һڴӦˡ
ǰۿһͬʮϤȴнûټĽٿȻ֣ѡ˹Χס
գڶʱŨĽһȫɢ
ٴγֵġ塱ڰ֮СλߴӢèꡣ
˿ҳŰԼĶԷ鸴ӵظ̾Ȼ㡣
ϾԽִϷϵͳϷߣϽǲġ
ٴˣҲ뵽ԼڳżٻƤһλϻİɣ
ֻ˵ѡèè񡱹ߡѿɰĳ͵ȡΪèèֱȻǸʹǸͷβߡ
ֻҪ뵽Լڲ֪ʱЩ¡
ڼƤȽϺİһʱҲЩܲס
ڽӲվһŻҪõǱèëרϡ
ܴƽ΢ЦռԼĴè꣬èoĴڶš
ڶݵ˼󣬰Կżɽʣ㣬𣿡
˫Ľƣʵ޻ʵͫ΢ɻΪʲôʳ⡣
kȷ̫⡣
ܵkѾ˽ߵҲܻؿʼ̺Լġǻˡ
ַʣȻڵĵk˼ķ롣
֪
ҰڣҲ
ԵȴԼ𰸵Ľèo۵ӹһĨãȻ󣬻Ǻܿ͸˿϶Ĵ𰸣ǡ
Ƥ΢ʣҵèè𣿡
ǡ
èoػشţèè񡯣Ϊȡֻ֡ôʱҲ
ͽҪԸkĶУͱ˵ɵkڵɡͬʱϿɵһ
Ϊoȡ
Ƥøˡ
εºܡ
ң֪Ϊʲô
źۼشĿⴿ¶ͬϤֻޱȵĽɫè㣬˿ûС񡯸еƵèo
ֻйĽ̸ǰֻţλo
ܸһֲ£ƭšӭ۸ıǩȹ˳С
̫
һѾؿŵk
ΪһֱǺ˵һ
±ˡèè񡯵ȷڣۿԷԼǰҲɳèè̡ͽģǿҵľηͳ
ѵ˼ʱèoޱȵصȴһʡ
kСȴһ㲻١
ʱϰԵצ棬ţڵ֣ȥĴͷžžžأԵİݣʱȣĴβеһɨһɨʱ΢΢ͷרעشŵkϲͽͷϵ˫è΢΢
Ҫ֮ǰǸذ⵱龰İͱЩèèеС̲סȥˡ
ڵĻ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ε˿ʣʣ㡭ʲô𣿡
ҡҲϲá֡
èo̫˵˦˦β͡
һһ۵ؾ󣬾ͺˬ˻ش𣺡ҵǣ*&amp;%&amp;%
΢΢ü
һ롣
Ķȫ޷׽ڣԺдŵġȥѧһ֪ʶûԹİԡ
֪Ϊʲô
ȴֵ˲䣬ظ̺ܵŵģǹɳġġġ
ҡ
Լ޷̵͡ʶҲظ˴𰸡
Ӳӵġ
ʶؾ׽ţ۵ԹһĨã
Ȼˡ
kֵĺ壬ǡӲӡġ
˫â貵ȴԲڴèͫʱʹضŵkظһģλèo֡
*&amp;%&amp;%
̲ס룬ȷʺϵk
֪k˿ʲôԾģǡ̺΢ܺóo㡣
ο׾١
ϵӻԼoʱֻ/ִƵơ
ֱǸ̺㹻ˡȫ֡
Ϸϵͳԭ
롣

èoĺһٻ˼
ⰵɫèͫɫèԲ󣬶
ٿȻֳ⣬ȴҹǳҪ
k֪ôΪİͽԼǴδˡ񻽳ʱ纣˰ӿȣһһ޼ʵϲá
Ϊرk̲ס׾ģİͽǻȣ¶һȥһģһġÿ΢Ц

kغţҪţ㡭ٺһΡ


106 
ֵ, Ժ˵
èoøճǰػرһ㡣
ǿŤǿ, װûֶĴèɥ˶, ֱӼʣղΪʲôҪɸ˹ӣ
kЩ̫, Щ˦βͣΪ˹һֱߡ
۳ɣkҲʼ˶ǻ۵
ǾʶˡèԣԣҲӰ룬˹ԡ
ܸ, ܹؿ˵
Ҳ˹Ļ
֪, /ԣΨһİͽ, ˽̬䲢û̫
è, ȻЩ΢Ĺϵ, Ҳֻڵkòռ˺Сһֶѡ
֮ԻɡèģԾڳǱСΪ˽ʡҲΪkİֵúϲЩè
Ȼè͡ȻҪϲܼҸ˹ĻkȻؾѡ˱ɡ˹ģ
û뵽ôִĴ𰸡
Ƥ΢, Цõط˷ܸĪoԵĻ, ϣ㲻Ҫٱɸ˹ˡ
kͷ
Ȼ󲻽ʵΪʲô
ƽ͵ػش𣺡Իɧҡ
Ҳ˵˻᲻ᱻȵè̬Ĺܼŵಡ, Ǹ˹, ;Բܽܡ
ǰʿŭν߱, \\ԵðkĴڽϳˡ
һǰĵkĻֻҪİͽҪ󣬵kһ߾ȫȥ
𽥿ˡ񡯵ǻۣΪӵԸɱմȾһЩĻèoȴûӦ
k˼Ű
˻ǺܶׯģǸĴβƵһ˦һ˦ʱ޿̲ڡŰ
Ȼk˼ҪҪӦ
ӦĻƻoСѯţһ˹һÿ춼𣿡

kʲô
ֱܺӷʣֹˡ
Ȼԡ΢΢һЦޱ˵ֻҪԸݵ˵ңֱӶԱ˹.Ļ
ھѾ㹻۵ˡɲٴŸĿ¶ǿèè϶˵ĿĿߡ
kԥص˵ͷ
ú󣬰ŷʡ
ԥ£Ƕ϶˳ǰ˵ڵӡƽ
èoעȻΪʲô˸Բ⡣
Ǻܿ˵ͷǣܶΡ
׹kõèè񡭡
Ҫ֪kίʲôĻһлk顣
ûѾεʱ򣬽ڲ֪ʱåΪĺʷҴ
èoֲֻᣬҲûʧ䡣
ǻǵõһС֣㹻еϢˡ
˱ۣʣǰʵʳֵĽɫèҴͷĽɫ񣬶ɣ
䣬kֵ˵ͷ
/رۡ
ϣܴôԿɰҰèвèҲܺͷһҹءһҹᡣ
װo꣬ܲǧ
㣬ΪʲôҪɴèģأѵţԺ˼άⷢɢѵлĶħ𣿡
Ҫè̬ȥץ
oȴҡҡͷ
ɫͫӳ飬kٻǺϰ߽תΪȴŬ˵š
ûжħkһػش𣺡ֻΪϲ
ϲ
ãȻػʡ
ʹèoֳܺҲʵ޷ԼΪoӰo
ʹˡҲûԼ롣
Ͼϣͬյֻʣ¿һĸȫˡ
ΪŴ󼯽ңõ㣬еõܺ常ùزˣûʣһܴġ
ͬҲСģʵ̫ˡ
ɳڶʱҵóǸȽͨ֡
šȻèoһ仰Щ뷨ʧˣ㣬Ǻϲè𣿡
ʶطڻǸϲ
ֳµ˳⡣
ȻèoٵڳԹ̫£ûжȡʱҲûбڲĵĻƭ
k΢΢ü˵ƭҡ
kۿˡ
ȷϲЩСᱧߣҲǵë
һֱȥչǣǽҡ
ǵĶԵúܿ졢ܷˡ
kʶס׵񣬶ڴͷء
Ȼ⵽ߣһ㶣µ˵ţ˵öԡ
èoȻ֪俰ġйʱرϲõġܾʽ
ڴӰеõ϶Ĵ𸴺󣬵kȻûرֳβȴ˵ˣҡš
ѵؽߴ綺èԼĿĴβƿż˵ҪĻĶβͣǰ𣿡
ȶԷӦʹز˾䣺Ȼȫų
èoգգۣԵġ
䣬۾̲ס΢΢
ֻһգ۵Ĺޱ˵èʹβͣͱkյøɸɾˡ
ڵĵkȥһλͨͨӢͨأʴ߹󣬻һĵϵѡ
ԻеʵѾʱûʲôҪʵˡ
ͻȻǰϢʵ̫ˡ
ǷЩǿҵ߳ģҪϲ̵ʱȥ
ʼ˼ҪܰλèoίֺϺǵķʽסԱǼͷ
΢һСᣬúôʣصʿ⣺һʣΪʲôҵĴ𣿡
ǿŵȷ߼ĴĻȫø˹׼һһģһġֱӽŰᵽͷȥλoġ
Ȼk΢΢ͷ˼ظһƺ޹Ĵ𰸣ϴˡ
ţ
΢Ц
k򴽣ЩίЩڰȻôҪĻβԴδйͽ׿˵ĻһһǿţҡܸɾҲӢϰĴǰѾϴˡ

èoԴĵʾԼһʱˡèèʱ˵Ļ
ǣǿʶʽĽ֪Էһλoǲ˼طʵϴҵĴܵϴһҵĴ
ң񰡣
űԽԽίèoûκ顭ȻܵԴĪȴޱǿҵС
ǰԡ
èoȻͷ
ڿǻۺ󣬵k˵ˣҲִˡ
ڰʹkèèβͣȴ˭ܿʧͲǰԵġ
ļ֣ǡ
oƵ˵
Ȼ䣬˾ȻоԼǸ۵ļҳغƭƽʱɶ¡ѵһȴܾĿӡ
䵭طԹ䵭Ҫַ˯ӡ
ĸǸ۲۵С
أԴ˹ҵĴӵʱҲڴϱһ㣬ûиһ˯ɡ
й
ʵ֤oļԣԶѡʧҪõöࡣ
ںԥش˻Ժ󣬵kһ
һ̣ǰٴθֳһϤĽ
ɢȥֻһͬޡԱĿȥĽɫè³˴ϡ
һµľ󣬵kޱһֱ꣬׳϶Ϳˡ



107 
û뵽, ȻίؽһֻˣĴèԼĴķա
Ͼ˵ɹƭպ, ܰЩְСɰƭԼĴ
ľȻؿŲᳵ·˱, õر۾׾ؿʼװ˯èӲӡoƤһ
ҪһֻƴȡʵִĻèƤo, һֻԿɰĴèĻöð
Ƶ롣
ʵԼо, ϲܴô˳, ճˣҪϴҪױĴèٲԼҰè
ֻǱkֳҸУһ³ͷ, ʱȫ̽˴èϵһЩֵط
ϽʳԳ, Ϸϵͳġ
ҲkнйΪҪ
С
ëҲһȾ, ࡣ
ڴ£һ߲ܿƵػ, һ߰עװ˯Ĵè
ʵϣkϻиɵ㡣
Ȼһʱﶼڼʱ, kһʧӰ٣˭֪kȥֻܵȵkԼȻ֡
ʱkҵĽ, kһֻɾָ߰ӵǿҵʶèèԸ࿴kĵط
kȫ, Ҫǿ, ԥؽдβ͹
ǿǿֱ, ܳһеĳߵλԵkĽֻԸϵġϴ󡯻Żֵôɡ
ܾʳĻǵkҰԣֻԸԼȥʳ
ڻͷЩĵطȫ˸Ľˡ
΢顣
óԷʺģȻŮֻèˡ
ų˲ɫƤ΢΢⣬һĴèʵںݲġҲûôӣֻèƤoԼ
ֻ̾˿ʵʵؾóԼĴһҡ
˭ΰèèţ*&amp;%&amp;%ϲء
ΪԷèƤôõĴġʵͽӦϲŶԡ
ȻŸսִͷϣӸո𣬾ûסһֱ͵͵èƤoͰ಻סˡ
ڿǻۺ󣬵k³᲻ϲԺеͷkۿѾסûȥ͵͵ˡ
ֻڡkʵڸ㲻ʱ̲ס۾һۡ
kȻ˿ȴƻסֻͷ
һͷûö
һʼûж룬ܿ˵ڶΡ
ھǹǦһģŲ
¾ٳٶ۵ˣҲ뷴Ӧˡ
ε̾˿סֻƤƤèèèĶĳ嶯װèè񰡣ѯţϲֻͷ𣿡
ʵǿԺԷġ
뵽ոèè¶ġޱȿı飬뵽ԼҪĿģ㻹ѡ˸˳ڡҲԷϵġèè񡯡
ǣװ˯èèʱС¶ֻ۾
ֻһֻ
ͫǳĺֻнܲ׽ǵ㡢k۵ûκõ
һûȴǵͳʱӸˡ
ңϲͷkػشţﻹԲίϲǣ
ǰ
kŬǿš
İͽʲôҲû˵kҲΪʲô
kԼ֪ҪðֻͷĻһҪ뿪ˡ
ָ΢΢
Ҫס˫Ưè۵Ŀƣʵ̫ˡ
òﲻϵԼǰֻèλֻèƤ֪˶õo
˵⿴ƵǹװġΪϷŪǿࡣ
ֻǾƽʱó˵ڲִٺͻ֮䣬Ҳҵ˵ǡ
ֻڶݵĳĬε˵𾴵èè񰡣֪ԣֻзޣӵѪԵǱ˴ϲˣ˯ͬһŴϵġôЩϵһ˯һأ
ǣǱ˴ϲġ
Ļ󣬽ɫèȴһ¾͸˵ش˱վˡ
̬޳ŵġȻèٿȻյ˰ǰ俪ĵë׵ĴβҲҰ
kȲ˵ţ׿˵ϲңңÿ춼ͻңҡǺöΡ
ԣȻҪkһ˯

ٸѹ
ϵȻèè˵ģʵ
ڡξ׹èèĶ䣬ÿ綼״򲻶вèצľٶèƤoȫǵһ
ֻΪߣëףڳƭСèèĻèƤoһ±ζ
ֱǸѵС
Ҫ˵ס˵ϲĻǼֱûԼˡ
ֱƿԡ
ǻӿڳܡ
˭뵽ǸʵèƤoԼļèصϷ˸ԼȻѽµ˵
Ȼ
̲ס룺Ҳֻèڳ⡢ģ֪ʵԼҲʵںѵ̹Ȼ¶èƤջ
֪ΪʲôԸɴè̬ˣ괲ҲһҪŸһ˯oһʱͶˡ
ֻҪ桰èˡİϷٺԵǵŤҲǿԶʹġ
Բ
ң˹Щ¼oЩӵġ
kǻĵͽڨΪ飬ʵˣŪĵ¡
伤ŭӵǿĶԷѡϡ
صèƤo˸˯һŴĻϷĻӦþͻԼ뿪˰ɡ
롣
Ȼʱ˳ʵ㲻پèèֺͬ˯ˡ
ǲ˷ܵèƤoӴһԾ𣬰˱飬˵èè㲻֪ǣڰǲ˯ɻġ
ǣèèڳڡ˯⣬浹Ǻܺ˵
ԣkֻԴ͹ԹԵص˵ͷ
kȻ֪
ԴӵkʶkԴԴϵȥ֮ЩͽǵkĿصİչʱɻ
۾ԼĴèһ񡱵ͷȻĵ˳
ΪΰèèԸһǸ뷨һ˹˵Ҫʱ䣬ܸ㰲һϵݡ
ϱһλ壬ø˹ĸԸؽܵkӽԼҲoɡ
ȻҲƾճ֡
ٵ񵱳İͨߡķʽزС
룬е鷳
鷳ҲСҪèƤoµĻͽʶ.齵شɧͱèèǶ
ܵĺǣЩ˵ں.Ϊ˷㣬ȻؾֱӰ˵ļ䶼ġϴˡ
ʱ̫ˣɡϾƺǹʾ֮ǰΪ˱˵ľšèèίһ£άè̬𣿡
ƽĽɫèֱж˴𸴡
ΪԸʵ֡Ļŭŵĵk΢΢һò˼һԾ
һ̾׼ˡ


108 
ϵ, ѾһﳹӦ˳䵱èܣ鵭Ѳǹ龰
ֻÿⲻ˼һĻʱǻ̲ס͵͵˴˸̾䡣
ư, ִֻ˵Ĵèˡ
ʹˣè˵Ҫöࡣ
ǲ֪ǵˣ̫, Ȼ춼ڴϡ
Ҳ̫谮ˡëĽ, ǻ, ͸ڵԼߡ
¿ôϸ챻ֻèѹˡ
Ҿûôè
Щ񣬲Ҳеèһ¶Ǵδèɢء
ǵèûеµĴҲûеµ¶ֻɫСһô, ¶˺üأ
Ҳˣ¶, ҪŲֻʶôèӡ
ҲŲô鷳ļһ¶ôιģÿֱҶӶԵþϸ
٣, ֲ𣿵ʸȥ
һ, Ҳô鷳С
µֻ, ֱڵһҲ̫ʵˡ
ܸо, ˵
Ҫǵʹ, Ҷ컳ֻħɵèˡ
ˣΰèèıӻʹôܻᱻħأ
Ȼħ, ˵ǵõèè˴èأ
˵öԣȻôôģ
Ҳе¶, ˮֱ£ôһֻ, ܳԶٶٰ
⻰һߵ˶ʱȻ
ˢˢ̧ͷ鲻Խؿ˵ķͬʱŵسţȻҵǵµĳֱˣ
ӣɲǣ
ңҲ𡣡
˱˵ķӦŵˣڨڨؽš
ȻҲֻرܳĴè
˵Ǳoӵʹˡ
ƽʱλоӽʱܱϵ˵Ĺܼסء
׳գ˺˵ûֻèβʹʱôܴù
ۿˡİظ£Ǳĵһβ;ɨ˵ģ
Ȼ֪ūǵۡ
ȥһȦȷһĸǵ״̬ĸרĳʳʱ˳ְһѡ
ȻûмָкãȵƤϳ΢ֵĶëܺʵҲͦصġ
һʱûסԴƮһšġ󣬻¡
ʶһ㡣
⻹һεֻ׾èƤ棬Ķ
֪ܺ㣬װƵᣬĸʱҲȻ
ηһЩȥע⻳ļèǲ׽˵kһ˲ĽӲ
ƺٶСС̽ԭ۾˯ĴèȻۣ۲Ŀˡ
գգۡ
֪ãʵ
ܾáʱèƤo˵ڵԹ
ȡ
ܵεĿ𣬰Ȼסˡ
سԲʳĸòϵȻͬë׵СԱȲֻèĿɰ
ҲûйమǵȤ
ڿ˻ͷԵĻ棬һֻֻ׳Ҳͷˡ
ΪɵõĵһĸļƻУȫҪãǼ򵥵صʳõġ
ĸҪȻͬ
ǰҪ̶ȵشٽڻ֬ȵ붬˾Ϳĥˡ
ȴ̫˶ȷļ֬֯/ֳ/ٵķͳ죬Ӱ졣
ҲҺĸ࣬޵ԺĸʵСȺʽڵʳҲȱˡ
ÿģͶЩūĿô
Ƥ˹û𣿡
̲סѯʸ˹
˹类ӦСȥĻ棺Һ¶Ĵ£Աʮڿ죬ɨ÷ǳڿ죬ﲻ
ԣҡҡͷûУ¡
ȻеʧҲ̫⡣
ϾƤ˹˵ԷǳųöɳǵĿġ
Ҫ˵ļˣôµĻҪܴߵĲټӶԷԤͷùȷƤ˹æܾˡ

һԱ㡱ģĸǣе㵣ĵ̾˿
Ǹ˹⧲׶ʹСԴţһĸķ/ֵˣƤ˹ĹȴûǸô죿
Ƕڷ/ļÿֻ35죬һ͵õһڣҲƽ21ˡ
֮ǰĸǵ滷ṩӪ̫ãϲŸսﲻá̵ĲڡͱƤ˹ɣһҪô겻Ҫôήҡ
ڰָ£ѾӦԱľιӪĵϣܿǻָ˽
ڰǰʱԱǻ㱨ǳֹܾʳҹšУͬϵ
һ鿴ʱ/ҲԵĺףҺ
Ǻܵ͵ķ/ǰڵ֢״ˡ
ϧͷûкʵĹ
ʵظеź̾˿
ϣƤ˹α̫һ/ǰǵżɡ
˹
Կհһ˲һľؿ硢ȻΪĸķ/ڲĵС£˽һߡ
˹ȫûвһֱԴڰһͷװ˯ĴèȻһ
ɫԲͫ¶һ㣬ǲƲŶڴ
èèʧǣõkȽϿõͽʲôҲû˵
˹ܿ˵Լ
Ŀ顭С¡
ΪʵҲεˣӦðС²Ŷԡ
˹˿ûʶԼǱˮһһһرӦλԶĿͽظ뾭ѵСµ׾˶Էࡣ
˹ûֹЩĵ˼ɫĴèʧر۾
ڰû̫ͣá
Ƭ̶ЪϢֱӾͽ׵ʼժˡ
＾Ѿӽβ׵ճֻÿһεջǱġ
Ѿ뼢ˣضڻˣǾ꼢ġѾ˵ˣʼվʳǲܡ㹻ġ
ʳȻԽԽã
ÿνջڣ꣬ӣǻһʱȥժ
˴Ӿʧ뵽ϰΪһĻʵһθɳǵĴ󼯵ǣ˼ʧ𺳡
ˡһǹ£µժף
ҪۼĻ˭˵Ƕܻŵģ
˵Щ˶ܿóλϸŵĹˣժֺֿá
͹ı󣬾ͻһЩĵġˡ̷ζظǽλɳǵ¼ˡ
ϣҲʺèèݡ
Ȼд¾籾󣬻Ҫèèϵġ
뵽λoԴӵһϵб֣һ̽˼
ҪɴԿλoǲµĴ棬ǹװʽƻ
̲ˮƵèڻһذĦŵk°ͣһ߿Ȼ飺װèè񰡣룬Ϊø˹õؽݣͶˡȡݰɡ
İͽİУèߣó˿ûĻèè⻰΢΢䣺ȣ˭
Ȱ΢Цҵֶӡ֮һ
λɱĵù磬µڶеһ
Ϊλǳʽطմ飬ϹûŮˡ
ʮ꣬ȴºһ
˸߸⣬鸾˽ӻܡ
ȻƽʱûЩ鸾ҲΪݸߵǳﶪԼͺӵ
˶ĺô࣬вѾϳ˵ģǱȽʺαĸߴèèˡ
ֶӣʲô
èè񲻡ࡱˣԲԲèͫˣרעضŰ
ȻƤİһ㶼е飬̹Ȼ͵ֳĶӡѪͳĻ˹϶ҲԸĴڡ

֪֮⣬֮еǣèèĶ΢΢һ͹ϵؾܾˡ
ûռ˵İ׼¡Ȼװɵʱֻè͡顱һ»űҪߴöĿèΣǿҲҪĶӡ
ţkֱ׳Ҫ󣺡ҪĶӣ
λսĽӲ뷨Ǻȷġ
kŲҪˣԼͰм䡣



109 
ֱһ, Եkһлɣųɢ
ɵ
ƽĶۣ˵ܵo, ࣬ҲΪһп޵Ķ, ϷԸ⵱˶ӵĵز
δҲ̫ˡ
ҪҲݼĻ͵˰ɡ
ҲǴʱڴ̬ȼᶨѾˡʵèƤo, ۡĽĵһƻʵΡ
źһؽţȻޱΪϵĸס̫ˡ
ߴӢһ±, ¶ʧɫʵΪʲô
ƽ͵װèèԸСӵģ࿴, ҵ, ǲԼߴôСġ
ʵ, èèԸ⽵󡢱ɺͯģҲƭù۽𾦡ִСչĹܼҸ˹
ڡһĹִoںòʵߺ, ȻԸС
вͨˡ
ʶ󣬵kĶһ˿Լľɥ, Եʲôأ
˫۵, ʵڹýе
ǵλǸܽСҲ̽, ֱ׵ֻίװèè, ڱǰҵֶˡȻ, ҵĿУԶΨһݵo
š
kȻǺܲԸ󣬻΢ؿ
ǿǿͬˡ
ʽʱҲǸ⣬ûèèšȡ֣˸
Ȼk/ĺ壬ǽӲӵġ
ǵk֣ɴͽС𡱰ɡ
һ
Ｏĵ죬صﲻصлֻڸ׸˶ͣԭƻɵĴ̷
˹Ϳס
ڵȴǼʱҲûŸЩƲѵͬдкֻ˴˵Ż
һλõò˼ˡǰʵԼع壬һ΢ֳЩ͵Ƕǰ̶˵ĶԻ
ǰ20峵ĻԵúƺĴ///רëġ
ʱɧͱԹţԣԣλԵĲˣô𣡡
ȫۻƻ
///ϱë֮һܱչëƷõһ
Щ򷷣ֻѡ󡢲Ż۳ϵĬ
߶˻ģȻҲֻиԣ޵Ĺˡ
ǹӶ֯Ž۵÷ǱѰָ÷ǳɾ
ֺĳĲϣŻ㹻ϸ壬Ӵǽļ
ĩʱʹӳ˵˴ϵëΤǡгǺ͸׸ǡ
λϱԣͨ˳ѰҵԸĿˡ
һôĳܻסŵȴʳǵСġ
ȲʹĲƴ֣ΪάϣÿҲҪƼ·ų档
ȻĻһ˵ؽӵȥǱμ룬ȴûһʵ·ĻǾ͵öˡ
ǽĶ춼ȽԵʣȥرá
ʹ׼óһЩв50ëֻ߹ǣ40Ļˡ
׸ʱֻʣ10ˡʱĸ׸ǳɣͶԴ˱ֳ˼Ĳ
ȻΪֻλɫĵĴ壬ҪѹʱҵĽڰˡ
ΪҪˣҲֻѡ͡
Ļ˸ҰģҲɲ޻˵ŶЩ
ȴû뵽ӭģȻһտյĳǱ
ԵıŸͳʮ䣬ھɧ
Ǹխͯүǹġ޷޵˵üΣȰѻﶵ۸гǺΤ㣬Щ̫⡭
ǸҪΪ˼öĥĥ䣬˲˵ĲôǳصҪɴʹöࣿ
ǱˣҲ̰ΪȻظţǿû˵ĺôأȴһֱѣܼܵȥˣ˵ʵ
ͻˣ뵽ԼϷˣ󣬸ŵƵķٵÿ濴Ǳģнϵ˶˵ۿ˴ӥȮšǻϳϣ
һֱ΢ϣȴһֱЩǵǮΪ˳λʵڳ
ݺݵϷŪһͨ󣬱š¿Ҳٸ׸⡱ͷֻݲݸļλС󣬾ʹʣµ20峵ǰɳˡ
ûȥɳǡ
λΨͼ֮ءûκοµģƽܶȴ㹻ˡ
ļʱȥɳǵˣѡϸĻȥһ˺󣬾ȥһԵľ
λǵĹ򲻹۵ȥ·İ¶ǣҲüġ
ֻڲųû죬ԼЩˡ
·Ͽӿݵģʵ̫ˣ;ׯ
ζǵĳӸҲֻܿи伢˯ڼª
ôôԶ
ִɳǺȻûԶԶǱģĴš
һ·飬΢һЩ
ڵĻϣλܿĻҰɡ
ʱڵ۽ȻƳʲôҲ֪ز׽һѹֵɧ
ɵתͷȥ
һſߴӰƵԽĳӣŵķȥ
û㱻˵Ĳ۾˲һ
ǹ塣
Ŷۡ
ʮжϵģǶԷװ
һƥǵǮ򵽵ģֻ񿥷Ƿս
޳ŵģֻйõĵɫ񣬱߽ǶǾޱȵĽ˿ߣ֤ʷķ¡
Ȼñڵòɻ¶˼ɫ䴿Ľ
𷢰
ӵƯ𷢵Ĺ壬ﶼԳƲ϶ࡣ
ǲ֪Ϊʲôһλ˶ûд
ԷƺȻ뿪ٶȺܿ죬һȥǰ棬ֱԻˡ
ۣ¿˰졣
źǣֱԷУȽءʧҰˣҲûϳĸġ
·ϿĻʵϤеǡ
ٿȻסˡ
ǣԶԶһ۵ģҳԱͼ¡
ȻƶáӲӡԹϸƻkҲʵͽԸִС
ڼʶԷɵţ浥Եkʵǲ̫㡣
Ǹ˹磬ЩĪؿСƺЩùͺĵûȥǴŵķȥˡ
û̫߳ԶܿͿǵŶĸߴӰ󣬰һ˿
̫
¶߳΢Ц׼װһμԷǰѯʱ

èƤo۾ᡱһˡ
kߡԼ仯ġһ֧֮㣬˲ʹܵ˰ǰ
Ŀ£kȻǽɫèʱͶֵ̬ȶԷøߴ˳ǵͶİͽ

һ
ڲ׽йɱǵɱ˲䣬ȷӦ˹
ۿ˹ĽѾˣ


110 
Сºֹ, ˹üͷ
СʶΪĿͽô
ʶ󣬼ʹͶİ˵Ȼɱ⣬Ǻԥѡ
ûرȶԷν, ǵʣɱ
ɭȻĿ⣬Ȼаڰˡ
ˣװĽ𰡡
ʵ˰ε亹
Ҳ֪Ϊͼ߱ĸ˹, Ϊ㴩èèġ
ȻΪ, Ϊĸ˹߱˺oֻҪèè˵Ŀܣ͸е
ҪoзĻ˹Ҳ뼫ΣյĴ
ȻԸ⿴˫κγͻ
ֻսķԸĿèʹβ͵èƤo, ǵһԭģǰ
ǻƽùصĽ, oǿٱòõk˲˵߽㡣
kȴ⡣
k͵͵Ͷһ֪, Ը˹ղɢΣɱҲûв
ѵһֻſŵϻ, ȥС϶
Ȼᡣ
Ǹвk
Ȼo, ʼֻа
мİʮܡ
һװο㻵µèƤo, һ񰲸Ա߶èƤoĸ˹, ˸еôòѾôˡ
èƤo֪ʲôӦ, ֻʵɵص˵ͷš
ڴѾ˵, k֪شʲôʱ, ֻҪ˳Ļšͺá
˹, ѾǵˡڰˡӲӡϰ, ѵضŵkԹĿ⣬µؿüͷĹܼ˻ѣҶֵġţС𡯡
ӵã
˹زС»İʾ
ȻܼǵŸûдڹȴСµĻŲɡ
ƹŹլۡľ񣬾׿ԽҲĶ԰Ӱ롣
ͺλ»ĵİоɹ©üνӽ˰
λС𡯵Ŀ꣬ȻܶµĺӣǸʱڡλĶλз֮͵/µ˽Ӱɡ
Ҳ֪ʱôӹ׵/ɱġ
òӳСұΪṩӻ
˹򴽡
˸ȴǺͯһСޱ꣬ʼնǸ˵Űɡ
ӲɣǴӲԸ⻳С¡С̫͹˻Ե
ͷɫĽ𷢣̿޿޵٣ǣȷĳ̶ֳ֤ڼпŸ߹ѪҺ
ǣλһĶӣһ㶼ƲϿ
䡭
˹ĿǼĶ·ҲС˵ޱȽӽƻϣ･ӿֳһ²
Ǹ˼Ĳ룬롮˵ʱ˹һ߾ع۲š
Ȱ鲻Ըġͷϴٳʱ˹̲סˡ
£˹ɤѹüͣɿ˾䣺ǱµѪ𡣡
ɫСµһޡҲƯ𷢣Ӣò
ʹ䵽һ̵˶ûдϵ⣬ƺҲûĲǼȴǼǵõġ
С£һʽ϶һģһֻе׺õĽߴϸϴϸ΢ɫ
СµǼϹԴµġ
лµ·ҲСµʮ񣬴󲿷ֻƶҵص
⼸˵λŵĶĳλӳѪϹһֱص˽ӡ
ΪʮֿأԶӲȴ̲סİȥ׽
ٴ񣬸˹Ҳ뵽֮ԻôƴΪoֱŰ·ͻԵʡ
Ҫǰѣk˽ģ»ͻ¶һģһϸ΢һЩˡ

⻰һʳһֱС˵ĸ˹˫ٿȻ۾õ˴𰸡
ˡ
̾˿һ·Ҳںͻ
ǰǣл㸳Σװĵ¡
ҪϹڵʱΪ˽ӵĽܵõһְ񣬻߱跨Ϊ߽׵Ĺ壬һķء
ϹͻȻϵһˡ
ĺ¹е־壬ѡ;棬ҲҪͶĵ׵ܡȫˡ
ֻҪǷӣͲܶҪİ²

ڴһСڴ²³˹ܼԻ·
ءšһĿ΢ؿ˸˹
û뵽ĹܼԶȻĸ
Ҳãɸ˹ԼĽۣ׾ӻҪŵöࡣ
èèΪԼֳֶӡ
ǵӲӡʵݣӱϿҲʡ
èèɰҲһλoͱСɡ
롣
˵Ŀ⣺ò̸£ֻҪ㿪˵¶ɵʣèƤo㹻ˣһλٸ߹󲻹Ĺ塣
ǹҲɵ˵ľ
ΨһҪ˵ģǸ˹
ȴû뵽˹ôһĹ򣬾ԼԼ˵ˡ
ţͶҵˣҲ¿֪˵ĵȻѡ㣬ֱӹеĻ⣬תĹôŷo£èèӻƬϣǹ壬ҲӦþܵع׳Լһܰｨøã跨ͨߵĿ顣
˹ĬƬ̣ίѣǣ£δܵèèӵУΪܵġ
ڣҷصƮƷ޲ǲҪµ֤ǳݵλ
ҪǽΪСµĴԹ޵Ļ
˹Щǡ
˹ѵûз֣Ҷĵûие̫𣿡Ц˵ʵϣξ֮УҾѾõèèµˡѽһǻ۴λţҵѪףõǻ۵ҲһԸҡɡ
˹˼µ뷨ǣ
飬ҪΪȥ˵⻰ЦŰеʧĹܼزҲһÿ˵õǻ۶ϲһóܸɵĹܼȴǲһġҪΪҲæµѾռʱ䡣ǳԭΰèèŻΨѡ񲻶㽵¿飬ȫȫ֧ԮҰɡ
Ӣǵèè񡣡
ΪĻ˹ӿֳϲãҲ΢΢𣺡ΪЧͣұңҾĵ¡
һ֮ڴϰèè񣺡
kۣղű͵͵طųȸԾһһèʱɥ΢ˡ
ʹkձλͽˡ
Ȼ
k˦βͣ롣
ȻǡӦñɸ˹ġ
ôϲ˹
Ѹ˹Ǳ߳װãͷʱľһλè볤β͵ëȫը𣬿ޱȣĵġo
̶̵ļԷƢİѾŭ񡱵Ļˡ
˵Ҳͦ˼ġ
ԼȻƲأ⾭Ȼװ޺䱸ʵȴǿ
λԼݡ˵㹻һֱﾴԶ֮䱸oȴô̵ʱ߽ķ
۵kı壬ϲè仹
룬ô¶ֱ̹ӵoɰˡ
õˡ
ڲkʧһ̣ϱųЦݡ
ǰסΪڴϡܱӵסèo
kסˡ
ڵkӦ֮ǰѾǰȻë׵Ķ⣬ģЦ˶Ѿˣˣ̫ˣҾ֪һʵҵԸģôáװ/


111 
Ȱſèoʱ, ̿ط֣k㶵, Ѿȫûиղŵǳˡ
ɿʱkֻǺܿգգۣûӦ
ͷҲҪŲʱkȴһ·ӳһֻèƶеݣѸٽǽϸסˡ
Ȼ΢Цس¡
û
ֻÿһ˼Լһèè, εЦװèè񰡣Էſ𣿡
k΢΢, Լڲ
ȴ֪˫һһĶ䣬ëƽ˳˦ŵĴβ, Ѿѵkĺ¶һɶˡ
k֪Ϊʲôһʱ᲻Ϸֵ, ҲŴߴٵkˡ
ǵkղŵıǲҵ»ҪƭkЩ΢һ룬ɴڵkλ
о齵ǵݺ󣬵kŰֲ˽
¶һ, kһµ, ȴǺСĵؿ, ûʹ
˼£Цеصװ/, ıӻ£ӭõķաΪ˸õͽӭ϶ĵ, ΪһЩ, ֻ, Ը𣿡
k˼ص˵ͷ
kôˬ죬Ҳüˡ
ɵk֣ͬʱϷȡʮ̨֯һ¾ͰޱȵҸѵðˡ
ʣµĿռ䣬ҲûзŹǰʮ̨ƽ̨եͻ˳
ͷҲòʲô˴㹻ɹ˵ˮ׼⣬λöյЩª
èèͬǰᣬһҪܺͱèĵkһͬ
Ǹ˯ġ
ʱʣȷſ𣿡
èoܿɨǶѻһۣƺеɻ󣬵ǿͬ
ڵkע£ؽﴢġάտ͡ȡޱؽǸ˵ƽեͻͷ֯
ЩҵܣҲǻۡ
תãȻo΢΢Цţıʯ㾧Ө͸۾ڴĹâϧҲǱ¶ǰԼûʱһֱһߣʱȡ߳Ʒ²Ͻȥ
գȷʵѾŰܾˡ
֯֯Ҫȴһ
ȫ̫λжʱ䣬ûܾȷʱֱ£ͱúģˡ
ϵܶ࣬һֱЩطȥ
Ҳܰѻֱӷʱпܱ¶ķñ˴͡
èè⣬ܡ
εĸ˹Ҳǲ͸¶ġ
oȴһ
룬Ҳù
èoȷʾҪ̬ʱظʱ鲻Խͷ
Ҫƭֻ浥èè񣬵Сͺˡ
ΰģģʴȵèè񰡡ŵkѯţУڶ֮ǰҲ㹻֯𣿡
֪ǣͽ/ǲİʧġ
ʶܰϰ󣬵kɵشӦˡ
á
kش
ȻΪkٴεõһڶϵǡ
k΢ۣǺ˾Ƶһеκġ
ֵǣǶƮģȴƺûеõȫ㡣
ǽǻۣԼԼ¶o
ǣӦֻڶ⡣
ǡ
׽ѺĽͫ¶һ˿ã

˿ֻ֪èoڲɱȥҲԼڡΣաıԵ̽һ
ֿڻвϣʱġľ䡿ȻֻúĴèèϼ󣬾뿪ˡ
Ÿպϡ
Ȼ鼫õ˼ܵһ㲻Ծ
Ųһ١
Щε΢ͷȥȻؿ˸ոջӦúúõġȴɵظԼŵèè
ôˣ
ΨһοǣԷмǵڳǰǾԻŵ˵èʹβͶ
󣬵kɻͷ
ҪǽɫèԵôȿɰĶ˵һԵϣǻԵֵġ
ǵkʺܴòֺܿԵʡ
ĶʱȻһ㶼еŤֻôŵ˧Ŀɰ
ѾӦˡkЩίѣ㲻ɡ˹Ҳһֱһġ
൱ƻ
èèƺҪˣˣЩ⣬ǹ΢΢ü¶Щ˿顣
һoƺΪѣװèè񰡣ҲӦˣЩ
չˡ
kѵЩż˵ڣչ˵ġ
°ţkȻǣס˰֣߻˲뿪õķ䡣
Ÿմ򿪵һ̣㿴˲˼顢ȴ㹻֤oһĻ
һööԲεġΪע΢ǮңǱС㣬ڵӯرı
ǻ۵Աߣһȡϡ
ôöǮңȴƺһޱԼְ
õԼҪǷݲϺǺܿͷɢˣûһҵӡ
ǰǺܿ͸վһ̨Աߣһ߰صȴųƷĲһϿŽҪȥĲϡ
űˣҲȻȻûܵš

ؿЩﳹ׷ˡ
ʵϷϵͳĻʵҲںڽνС֮óһƻĿɰСΪ򹤵ġ
԰ɽˮغļ򵥹
ϷϵͳģèèΪoȻҲ
Ҫһ춼ʵʵشڷظеԵջ䵽̿εĵز
̫ˣװ*&amp;%&amp;%
鲻Խض£ȺɰСҿһԸ̾
вèʵĲƸ֮
ǽǮū
Ǯǵkū
kЩգգۡ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôֻ˺ܼ򵥵飬ܵİͽĿ佱
һ㶼kΪ˸еġ
kѾԽԽǿˡ
ȻЩֻŵkٺٵСκǻֻۣǼ򵥵Ļɵúܺõġ
Ϊðһ㣬ҲΪŽk΢˼£͸Ű
ʱkԼԾڣСʵҪ𣿡
ڰǰk΢ʾҿȥЩСջĻkͲÿ춼ŰȥЩСˡ
ܵƻ󣬰ʹر˱ۡ
ôܶԣóıջ⵽oǶħ
ǳл⣬ǲˡ
뵽Լûְҵͼϲ˼ʧ䣬ܹͶܿ͵סǿջ
ȻĺܿɰҲܸɡ
ǲС
ͶͿϸɵ˫
һС򣬼ᶨԼȶʵ·߷չɵľģ㲻䷿ˡ
ֻ뿪ǰèèãȥܾš
ڵĵ֮Ǽëϣ˲ϡ


112 
èè, ȥпһ
ڵɳǣ⿿׵Ѿһʱȥһʳõļˡ
˳ֶ32ƿ, δǮĿҲ˵, ϲһչˡ
ҰĲĵƬ̶ûе򵽻ĵ, ʹٶȳ
׼ڶ쵽֮ǰ, ڸзḻϡʳǮĹ塣
, Щ׷ϡҡΪҫʱĹ, 㲻һᰮ׵ķζ, ϯһȤĲˡ
ڵİ1220öҡ
ļʱɳǵ˲һǷĿ, Ǯֻʣ¼öǮҵ״ʹԶԶȲϸԣĸ׸ǣҲܳƵһҹˡ
㡣
ȡɣȫϵĹ㹻Ｏ, Ϊķչƻ
Ȼ뵽ڻڲֿʽʵơ, ۵ױ¶һ˿
ڵּĵʱ, ʳȷ߼ۡ
ɵճɱߵֻͣԼĳūԣҲԶԶġ
λΪ⴦Ƨܵȴһ㶼˼ɵ˵, Ȼ󲿷ʳ, ΪһЩʵų, кһھ˷һͰľơ
Ϊһʡš, ȥĶ, ūȻﵽ˿ֲǧˡ
ȴû⡣
Ҫ˰˿ڵǼǲӵһϯ֮صǣȫĲƲ
һֵġƲʧȻҲб⡣
ǹЩˡ
ʬ̫鷳ˣҪôôĿӶǵ˴ĿѺͶԶء
ūѾľˣȫϦ½Ұ죬Ҳܰһꡣ
꣬һ᲻һġ
ūǻǰδеġ
ֽǽӲӵСһ£һµɹɸùȥٽСȥĥĥۣ󲿷ŽȲ֡Ƶش
ԭеĹȲĿͲˡǴƬõμصļ룬²ϱȲͨũš
ɾΥӭһ漣ķա
ѧֲէ֣δѵ޽Ȳ֣һ
µҲǲɶõĺöϡȼϻݶĽϣٺòˡ
ҪǰĻӻգ˵ĲƲֲ
ȴͬ
ޱȵĴӣǲ룬յĻȴ׿ÿһȡһġ
ݵñȽģæȥ޲ԼݶˣŽһģͰճ˲ľңֲ˶ĸʰĲ𲻹࣬ԼԺŶ쵱ȼõġ
ôʹãһεõô࣬϶ҸЦݡ
¶Ǹ߸˵ؽǣڴǻڲúĴѩ°Ȼѿʱٸ˴
ڰ껹ֻǿĹڡ
괺쿪ʼɲѭˣμش󲿷ֶƯףԴֲͨũҲٲҪƵݸŵһ̬ѷʵջ񣬶ĴֲܼʱϸصķֶȣܱͬʱܸĽһṩʳֳܳԵزɱܳ⣬ṩķʣԻõ
ַĹ滮ݶˡ
ūǵȻôԶ
ǿʳ뵽˵²ұ̫ūǻǸо̵ģ˰ȫС
ôʳ˴µģ
ΰèèµǻۡһҪúѧϰС
Ȼ󲻳ū·̣¢ŵūһɫøƵʱ䣬źһרĿ鲻Խ¶Цݡ
쿴װ/
ϲãɵÿ࣬Ŀһֱרĵǣ֣ԼŵĸߴoСǵ񡣡
ǼȲ޴޿ɾҩҲֱ΢֪ʹĳ
һſӣΪƶϱøɱ񡢽ȥҲΪõһ¶ıӻĸǣŷ
ڰֻСӡɳǵϣ
ͷֶǽӲӵoգգۡ
kؽߴǣŵƿԶͷѧūǣ΢΢Դ
kȻ⣬ΪʲôΪƽĻеġ
kϲĵİ
ڻƻ£ӵһ޵Ĳý𷢡òһλһλˣǴӵţʯ·зɢʱȻ˵Ŀ⡣
ãһͻľڶݵɻ󣬶¶Цݡ
һСµĹܼҸ˹ҲĬλ˸ȴͯһŰġϹ˽ӡһֱҪǣŰֵ
һٰＯĹ㳡Ϻ󣬲˼һԼĿǰҪĻ֮һ
ë
ëʱ̵Ļܡ
˭һۿëϴ׾ϴõò˼ļ۸չһġ
۸϶Ҳƫߡ
ڰߵĻëʵԽԽõġ󾭹֯ĳĲƷһģһǻ۵ԭϣ
ëޣһëҲôԶΪöҡ
ҲȱǮֱ˰ɡ
ڻָ˹¸еĲƴ֣ʹëļ۸ȻһЩʹǵܴ棬ǺܸɴؾȫҪˡ
ŵɳǲ죬մջϴ軻·΢Ϣµëڣ͵õϲ˽еϢ
ˣ
ǿʮë
Ҵææϵϣһۿλ˵еʹʱ˲䲻ܿƵ˾޵Ļ״̬
ֻؿһۣͼĿŵĸ˹ˡ
ⷽèè⣬˭ûпƷƵĹеʮʹ
õֵ1220öҰһ¾ȥ1100ö
㲻ĻЩǮܿͻӱػصĻУҲᵽ˻Ǯ̫͵ʹ
ѵشۣҲ˴©èè˼ɫ
𾴵ĵ°
ڹ˺ܾãѵôɵ
λ¹ڳʮĹܼѺʶ
ڱԼݣҵõλϢĹ˵׿ϺŵزʣĴȫҪˣ
š
ЩĲɵػش𣬺Ȼ۾΢
΢Цſһƽʱģ¶Եëڣѯʵ˰ĲƥУＯ𣿡
κص˵ͷ
ͬϣͨڵëɵϡ
һֱӽһ»ֻʣ120öĽһ±3210ö
Ǯ̫ˡ
쵽ðʧȥļ
ûסۿְĹܼѽ⣬ҵǼǺú󣬲ŷĵػȥҡ
ȻΪסˣèèѾһȥͷˡȻһС󣬵kͻữè³ڰ


113 
ŵһ˲, ΪԼĳͷ̰ԨĳѨ
۶ǽӲӵǮҡ
ɭҶһ˺񼸲ʤĽңеĹӡκͰڼԭĿʽȴ㹻Ϲ۵Ľʵģ˯ƵʵĴ, ҲضŽҡ
Ƹ֮һؼ򵥴ֱ
kȫɻƽ, kΪİͽ׼ģһʵĽݡ
֪ſʯ˶ãʼٸʼ޹ŵڴע, Цõػعװèè񰡣ʲôأ
һ, ͻָͷϵèɴβ͵oԼᵽˡò̫áϢ
ë׵СԾز˲kעŰԴѯʵϲ𣿡
k֮С
kۿˣȷǳϲѽ
ǵkɵģԸĹЩСǮңǰʱ¶Ĳ᣻иոЩʱ, ջҵİ, Ǻܿĵģ
Ϊʲôk۳, ôôǮҡ᲻ϲأ
kԽԽԻҲԽʧ䡣
ڰ, Ŀⴿèè, ˼һ㶼Ѳ¡
ɵ¶Цݣǣèè, ýҶݻ, лл, ҷǳϲ
kȻһԲƺŽɡ
ݸװ/ΨһҵȷϲҵģʮָлĿʵϣҲϲԼռǡϣˣѧڲõĽԼķĽҡ
k΢ͷƶǶ
ĲҪk׼Щ
k΢е㲻̫ġ
kʵ֪ϲʲôĶġ
һ̣ۿһµoزٿžŵһööҡ
ǵƤɰŰתȦϱġš
ǰɻȺһõ衣
һ¾ͱסˡ
ˣoĺóʶصġ㡣
Ϊ˲oСغ⡪ȻԷΪʲôڳһº󣬻̲סöڵġҡ
ոջĵڵöңһɵǰ۵ϣٿȻ
Թɵһֵþ̱һܵļС
ںģ̲ס
ȴûע⵽ָ⸧Ͻҵһ˲èèĶɿضţһº͸ˡ
۳ɵġǮҡʵǵkͨսɢȥһʶ
ֻҪkԸȡʶÿİͽͻʵޱȵؽǷݴС¶Ⱥȣȫݹ
ָoеĿ֡
ĺܿɰ
Ц˵Ѿˡ룬ԭŴʺ˯
ԾءŪöɰСҺŰŻˡϡܵèè񰡣ܲ㽫һжָԭ״أ
ϵǣèoξȻʮȰ
kһ˫ҪŵĶ䣬һԲؾٴת˲ͽλ۵ġݡһ»ָԭģ
ⳡС粨ƽϢ󣬰ٺèè񼸾䣬㰲ĵȥϴˡ
ԡoȻèģûлɴè
kڵطֺȻüͷһһģ˼ʲôҪ顣
䴫ϡˮ
kʶҲһꡣ
žણžડ
ЩӣõkЩȣҲǰδеŭ
Ҫ£Ҫʲô
kҪʲô
kԻ󲻽ʱ۽Ⲷ׽˴ӸĽһ׷ȥˡ
ѾӦ˱kһֱŵĸо֪ko󣬵ȻҲһٵΪk衣
ȷˣԷ˼ôԸ̶ְ֡ȵèè
ٸߴΣҲеˡ
ҪĻ֮£ġǡء
ʱkԾسŲŲճ˰Ŵλ
ȥ
k˽Ҳˡ
＾ѾˣЩ仯޳ʱʱȣϸպǱȽƫġ
֪Ҳ¶ȣǵkµĽոձèoɹһС򣬻Ǻůġ
˵¶ȸոպá
ۡ
ںʲôֻԸůè䣬ȻޱҸ¡
֮ǰؿ۴˯컹кܶء
oҲҪ˯ߵ
⣬ʵЩ档
һֱɫأ˼ʲôoҲʶԼĿڻᡣ

kȻڡ
k棬ɵת泯ŵköɤŵϸ΢ľ⣺š
û뵽ǣԼһӦkԭŵƣһ»˳ԼһС˰ܡ˫۽ơ
ͬʱǰӰӰ´¼䣬·𼴽ʳҰޣŵƴΣϢ
kƽʱģ̫˳¶ˣûľ
ҹеӣǱȴܾס
Ͷڵ¹ⲻˮ㣬бصס
k沿ɾƬ޺Ӱ֮С
΢ۣ˺һҲûȵһ仰ͼkɫͬʱ̽ѯ*&amp;%&amp;%
Щˣڲرѵ£ʶػ˵k
ֻ׿ںĳƺǿһصĿء
ԭɲĵkһҲٴζˡ
һΣԭںܷɵزŵİǰۣػλá
k׵׵ؽİͽԼ.ˡ
ôˣ
Իʡ
ڳ׽èè񴿽޺趨ԶèѹԼϵ滻ɵkèʱҲѹˣ龰ˡ
޳ϵĺ΢΢kͳֻ
ǲͬģɳơܵͳɤ

ȰӦkγ˳Ӧ˱ܣظ
ԭֻ˰۵ľ뱻˲̣ۡ
Ҫʲô
㣬ҲʵҵԸ
һİͽӦoȻһ䡣
ûüϸ룬ظоһԵֿƣǾ仰ֵһ̸½
һգ۵һ̡
Ǽ
ͷ֣۽ഥ
һ΢΢ŵǣСĶᶨĴϡ
һ¡
ͬ㣬˾׵ĺϣһ
¡
ڵ磬õ಻ϵǻţ΢΢طĻꡣ
¡
o۾ͬȵͽ㣬ϵأ̰أأšԼİĴڡ
Ƕ䣬Ҳգָ⡣
k֪ˡ
Լǵģ
kմȾõõҲ毺õĴմϵkϢ
ðֵĴβͣʱ߸΢΢ڶš
ҵİ
kţĽͫͬ/ʴ֡


114 
ܴ˿̵èè, ƽʱӺżĳ룬ûвǿȵĸо
ΪԷԽǡ
ͨ⼸̽, λoҲһλ鴿ò˼顢ַӦ˳ӦܵĽ׶εĴè
ĴèͻϮ, ˵ڴ, ǿǡ
ҲһҸĻҰɡ
ôţܿͻָ˴ݡ
ûѣܿͷ, Էʱش
֪Ƕ, 츳ǽԼĻ, ޱʵ
Լ޷, ɴöˡ
ֻ, ɵk²Ĵ㡢˷ֺز£·ðſĵķۺݡ
ֱ궼ʪ, Щ׷, , Ц湻Щ, װ
Ѿ촽ת, ޳׵ľèèٿȻסˡ
ܵk, ʲôӦ
ɰյkЩǻۡ, Ӧô侲, Ŷ԰
k֮С
ڰ, ˫ë׵ļ䲻϶, , ԥ
˹˵ҲЩˡ
k΢ջ˰סİͽ˫֡
ش˸ǷϽŵĵkļһģװèè񰡣ΪҸ˯ˣȲˡ
kһ
ʮֵڱ۾֮ǰŵ˾䣺˯ԺҪĻҲԼᱻϷϵͳǿƽϢ״̬ܵkೳ֣ҲӰ˯ߣ벻ҪҧңҲҪŪҵ·𣿡
䣬˼èo۵ףӹһĨ΢â
kס𰸡
ŵk̵ص˵ͷ󣬰ĵرۣʼ鿴Ϸˡ
ǻȡľֵ޾ϲһ
ٴʱ컹Щ
Ⲣζţƽʱø磬ֻżڳƽճԽԽѡ
ѵ뷸۾ûúʶʵһ§Ҫֻë׵ůèץ
Ȼһ˽ʵؼϡ
һ飬˲ѹˡ
ѸٷӦµ΢΢Цͷβû˯ֻרעڲèoϺãװġ
Ȼֹ
ؿţλŸѧᷢͻϮƤĺȾһҹoȻش˹
Ϊ˵ſһЩĴһº¶һֿĵı飺Ϻãװİ

аɣǰСèʱ򲻽ϸһë׵ףء
ҪǻèƤoԼϲȥĻ
Ļ棬ͺȻȫܣkһͶԼȥΪˡ
ڻԼ֪èèڣűüͰͣЩɿʱ̲סü
¶Цݣ׼ίʱһֱСع۲èoȴ˷Ӧ
kܿգգۣһƾճֵĽ㽫ջ·סˡ
ɢȥʱϴӡ·ػָԭò
ںͷİ
εؿһ޹˵ֺõĴè̾߰ɡ
޶żڲϵġ֡ҳϵĹܼòʱȻ⴫һ͵˻
ʶ⿴ȥ
Ƕȣպܿһӣһƽʱĺ̬䣬ڵػŹš
ʱͳʱػС
һ޵ͺһӤޡ
ַҪƴһƣֱѸµظɻūһ
ڸʲô
٣ֻ¶ģ
¶ֻռϷ绹·磿
ˣǷֿ
ôͻȻˣ
һЩūϡͿʱȴԭˡ
Ƿ/ڵˡ
ϹܼΪԼҴС²Ȼѡװûпȥ͡
èèⷽ¶ԳİͽĴĮģûע⵽ǵĳ֡
ֻаµؿ˻ǻŻɫ׻ļһ󣬲ɵԼ΢
ѹ֡
oҲèġ/ڵӰ
ô겻״̬ȫǺˡ
ϧˡ
ӭж󣬰źۼؿ۴èèԸпϧ
ޱƣСɾµʲŵöˮ󵰡
ܲܶèèвҵɡ
öԲĵ屻ƶع˵Ե
΢䣬Цһ¡
ǼȥʱȴĺĽС棬һһȻ֪èèųˡ
һۣ͹ȥС¡
Ｏײβˣȴɳȥ
еˣ̽ӡࡢýȻͬȫ³ǳأ״ֵġҲֵǷۿأеǶԼǳ˵ֵġȤۿߣҲΪԺ̸ʣеĴҴһƳλ嶼òʹڳǱȥÿػǿ󶴸ɻʱ࿴ۡ
סɵջԶԶסʱĴȴز
ڲٷܶ׬ǶԣǸС֧
˻ؼ·;ԶЩˣѡһ
ڵׯǸաūüʱǷݷյϲãܸȾߵˡ
ʱ̵ģҲû˷ѡнӽʮλƴ̷ֵλʱھɳǻȻһµĹ˵̡
Ϊܵ·;ңԶƣܼʱȫĻҲ㹻˸еˡ
ðЩǣһֵ̰ɫҰоȴӵһμ𣬾ͶӢ˼µèè񣬱ֵʮƽ
ֵԹǴк󣬾ͼæµûжʼ䡣
Ҳȷæڱ׫αֱץŲһЩＯĸ籾׫дͱĹ
èè֪ΪʲôŵkԼƽܱŲǳĵԵʡ뽫Ž
һֱţܹǲʵġ
Ҳʱŵkˣλΰǻ۵oˡ
ضʵһֱȤȴӴ¹Ҳһû֮ǰĲ鲻Ը
ϲؽҺܿͱŷǰδек顣
һ߳䵱Ŷٹɻİͷһְչ̽չ˳ͲƵءʱƳµͼֽݷ
Լҹ£Ȼ㣬ȴܷɿȥ
ʹǸĹİҲǿȵ޶ͬһֻëˡ
Ұ̸󣬲Ĺ˹ĺİأΪѵطŻ˹Ĳ
ҪǼҲɫĻõ죬˶ԣǽɫġ
˵ĺڴУһ˱ɵ̬һŲصȴŵġǳСΰèèĴ顱
ڵˣ


115 һ
Ϊ˽ܺá͡ӵһָ츳ɸѡ, ⳡЩײ˶ϣϸࡣ
ܡĻʱûд㡢ҲûִôĿ, Ǻֲܴڵֻܲͽ
½ǰ20һ飬з, ˳ɳ޵ܣִľǹھ
ڿܵĻ, Ե˵ĳɼΪ׼ܵĻ, Ҫ4ء
ǰʵǿʱ, սҲóӵսЩƽ, ȻƲһݳ޳̶, 2˼ֻʹˡ
ֽ׶εɶ, ܷһѵҲ㹻ˡ
ʿһͬʵĽ̷, ѧˮƽȻҲǰո츳ĳ̶, Եòβ롣
Ϊûн̹һֱȻʿʦԼҪ, Щ˵ļһϸѵʿǿ
Щһѧϰɹ, ֻܳƵǲҲ̶á
Ǹܵ˽̹ɢŨɱұμӡΰèèĽ顱, ʵٵÿ
˶Իŭ̹ٵĿ־⣬ҲʵԽҲص߳ġźܴĹϵ
񰡣ǵ׾ӵĽô˼չǰ
˹ȻЩ˵뷨
˭֪λǿĹܼ, ͷβֻںСһˡ
ڼǰ, һʿǷ, ˹üͷ΢壬ͺشȥˣȫμӡģֱѡˣѡ50
Цˡ
Щٵ΢/ūиӽСƽ
ҪΪСµʰⱲӿ²лؽӴʿοʿԽǽ
ȻСôΪ룬ôܶزأСʧ
˹ζΪǵĵųĹ¶ʧɫġ
õܼʿǺִܿкˡ
ڽС粨Ȼ޴ӵ֪
Ϊʮʤ߽õĽпõġҲΪǵ͹УڼӺ󣬱ֵøҳϡǻӻԾرʵˡ
浽˱ʱƵͣȴѵòȥڳǱߴĴ⿴Цеŵµ֡
æ
ŵ۾Ĳɣ˶ٶֵ׵ũȻ׼õĸһϵ˱ĳء
ǶԽôȤǾʹӹ¿˵ˣɽѧͽòõĽ໥ԣһ·ֻ̭ʣʮΪֹ
ѪֻǿЩ˶ԽյĴ̶ȡпǵھӡѡܵϣһȺ׾Ȥ
ūǴ˷ܣһѷسǱӿȥҲǱ߸ȤǣЩԥˡ
Ȼ˵ʱǿˣλĹū̬ơ
ȥЩūһ𡭡
ס
ۼ̲˺Ȼʲô̲סѯʣΪʲôÿ˵棬һ
еһضĽոѣеһƬװ£еһöͿ˵㶹ԣеһСϹ١
ֻһٷֱ6ˣǺбȵũ
ٻƣһûջ˵޷Цţļ磺ǷĶ־
ʵǺüˡ
ɣֻܳٻ㣬ûжġ
λѵĸȻɵĵڶ죬ʴ⣡
һԼвϣ˴ټġѩһ׸ɾĸߵƥ
ΨеʹǣλưЦͣҪʱĿһ㲻СǮҲ࣬°ѸյڴûȵȫȥˣٴǮȴҲֻǵһС֣ԶԶȫµĳ̶ȡ
ֻźؿһ벼ϣ˵С̸Ϸˡ

뵽޷Ǽȿ֣ʹࡣ
Ȼɱ쳣ߣȻôõӰȥУܺ׵Ҿкܴģ
ϾЩүƽʱжޣжӰȾɾɫİӣˡ
ȥô˳ƶһҲ¸˹СĽۼ
飿
¶ãָָЩΧڵһոտʼܵߣȸԾŵūǣǶ֣Ҫⳡ飿ôŮ˺ͺӰ
ôܡ
ʱҲ̲סˣ˵˼䣺ȻҲ̫⣬λϻ۵Ĺµľùǽ˷ֳ8飬Ǽء
֪λ£ΪʲôҪô
ūô᣿һֱֻ˰ƽ԰еˣֶûУ
ǵײ˰ǡΰèèҪͽᡱ
˾ĴǣҲûж롣
˵ǲҶ룬
ڱѻ˵ˣ˳ϣÿ˶ı־㿴8ֲͬũˡÿһξ󣬻ҪʤߵĶÿܷء
һ˼ѵܷǸ飬ܵõʲôĽ𣿡
ȻȻΪЩūΪʲôôЩ£ʼ磺˵ʱÿ˶ܵõ2ֵֻһʳء
Ҫǹغ棬м˲μӣūҲȫ
𾪵ۣūҲУ
ǰڸ̾ƽĸ࣬Ҫַһ
Ѿûˡ
أԲ룺ɳҪǽūҲϵĻǿһ˵İ
ֳ8󡭡
ָ΢һ£óһƿԵ֡
1200ˣƽҲҪ2600ö
סɵЩҲں棬ȥתǹģüӺķզĸȺ
ֻĸҪ³2600öҲǴµļ˰ɣ
á
˲ֹţ̫ˡ
ȻżĴӡūֵǮʱ̣ʹȥѹեūɻǵÿһѪեɡ
ȴūô鼮ūʥĿ飬׸ūԵǷӡʿѧλʲô
ūֻЩ˸Щ򵥿۵ũ⣬ӴøɲʲôóĶͲָ˴رġ
2600öЩʳļ۸񣬶֪ūˣ
ǱС
ɡ󷽹ͷˣʱȴζͨۿŵ¸һʼͷΧҵı
һԵèèҲ⡣
k΢Դר־ؿš
ܿĵӡ
kգգۡ
ЩȥĻ棬ôȤ
һߵĸ˹ҲݵС£ûжλϹ˽ӡκġ
ϰ׶ӣӴɵϽܹײ˶ӣ
ܣܣ
׷ˣǸӵĴǧ㳬ȥˣ
Ҿ֪еģƯסͷ
ûԷ˵ľǸӵģϽܿ㰡
󺰴ʽĹôԶش
в˺ͷ鲻Խظųˣڲߵ¢ܱ߼ź
ÿ˶ǵס֣ÿ˶ܿ峡˱ŵǸĶ顣
˽еģҲȻǶ֡
ȻԶ󣬾Ϳˡ
ȴܿ˶Ա
ƽ񶼱ҵķΧƽʱūǰŵļӣһ㲻˼ظź
ʼĻ˹עⳡֻйصġĿ顱ģȷЩʵʵ档
ʳƽʱԵʮ󣬶ƽҲźܴ
οǼʳȱĶʱˡɿȱʳһܹ꣬ĥǣҲŬضڻžܶʳ
浽˳ϡѪڵľմǣѼˡ
۵ģֻУϽ㶹ӣ񰡣ǸӵӶҪˣ㻹ʲôأ
׷ϷǶӵҲޱżɵСӣô·ôˣûõļһϰǶӶ
Ǹеڵģǡ
֪һô
ƢģѾǺˡ
ͣض˵ڳ˵Ҿ͸ñμèèĿ飡Ҫڳϣ־Աǿ
˰̫Ҫ̫¶ˡ
֪вټһˮƽȥˣ
ΰèè񰡣̫ˡ
ʵذţôôûأ


116 
ܳԱס, ״ָ£ҪūǵܣҪȴƽҪһء
ūһлŵķͷ, ͷＸǰθɾˡ
һ򽾰ƽܴ
ūūȻô
ֻ˵Ŀ£΢õһԴѰ
ⲻǸ˼ľ, ľ
ֻҪǶʤĻǿЩƽʱƲū, Ҳнġ
뵽, ǺܿӴָ
ÿһ, Ǿ͵һǼǰ, ٴθµĶˡ
ۿż¼ԱһǼǵ֡ɼͶ, ÷֮ʱ, ūоһѻţûѪҺ÷
еˡڲ֮ǰ, ӵԼ
Щƽʱڶ, ԵôɬѶ֣ȴǵñ˭档
Լ֣
εĿҲ, ̫˼ˡ
ֻƴر, ͻᱻǵصźȲΧҪܳõĳɼ, ᱻͬӵİشӵš佱š
Ǵûйôҫʱ̡
ʳĽʲôģƺܳκͲںˡ
ؽ, ܻ, ӵе
뵽, ǲеЩ̿֡
ġ˶ᡱһ꣬ؿڡܡοǰһˣȫū
ϾƽʽΪɫһ类ֱУʿѵ
βμӵģҲǱӿ켼ɵĽ
ֻڵһ磬ڸߴۿ˶ܺͳ֮ʱ䣬ȥˡ
Ϊ˱ʾԼӡðƽ궯飬ҲΪͨɸѡģܽ롰Ԥʿѵ׶εˡ
ܺõūͨѵᱻΪһʱķۻֺ󣬲ⶼܽΪƽ
뼱ڶʱڣԶȹ̵ĽײйĺҲûҪƳ硰ƽȡ档
ʸʿϣֻƽġԤʿ
ƽҪеκȻӵѡȨ
ⲢζūˣԶûʸΪ쵼ߡ
ֻҪӳɫı֣͸Ĺ̡ȻȴڡУһսҲ縺ͬƽһս
һ˼Щһ΢ЦؿĽ
ϵıǣìܵˡ
Ǽϲ˶ǵĿأˣȥۿЩūǵˣֿ־Լ׾ӵı֣Ľ̹ǰۿ
¶ʧɫ͹ֽŷˡ
Ӵѹ£Ȼнӽһ˻Ӳطʧ
ŵ飬ǻᴫȾġ
ԽԽı֣ԭİûʲô
ͬѧĻ±ܡ͡ϰע轣ѶȺǺҪߵöࡣ
ʱ̵ǵʿȴ۾ðҧгˡ
ѧֲָߵȻҲеʮֶ
ڲ󣬻ЦŰǼ䣺ô̵ʱͽ̻һȺѰĳѧ߻Ѿǳֵˡ治ҳϵʿ
ʿ¶ƴʱһߵĽo˼գۡ
ҪõkɵġˡĻһøá
ƽȡϵƽУ˵չֳѹūǵģȻǽĿαݿԡ
ڿԵƵʣöһΡĩٰ⣬ԺһŷŵĩͶĩ
Ͼ˶ԣҪĿ껹ӣҪũϣѧȫĵͶ뵽ѧϰС
Ļ١ʱļڣҲʺѧϰΪĴܾ֪ܶʶ
ūȻ֪֮˵ƽǰŸٹ̵ԱСƽʱŬ˱μӿ죬ҲǷ׷ɪǰ
¶ɭϣϵر
ūͳūˣٺãҲȻġ
һֱͷ¶һ¡ū۽Ϊײϡ׽˵µ⡣
¡ϣһֱʲôֻ˳ܡԿū
ڸе˼ͬʱҲζԸ⿴ͬΪӡͽⱲӶûеڶԸı᳹˷ˡ
Բôõĵʧ
Ͼʱ͵ߣĴһҪŲμӡ
ײһŬȰ˵ūǲŹ½½ر֡
ʹӵвμⳡèèĿ顱ūǣҲԶԶûܿʱֻ࣬ٵÿ400
֮£ƽֻ1000ңȴгһ붼
㵹ԤϣҲż
ҪһڿڳԣһڳԳӡ
ūڹȥܹԶҪöࡣұ֮ǰһУӵµķӡܳԱӵʳ̫۵Ĺδ֪ѡǽһЩҲǺ¡
ΪչūͽԾѶȣҲΪμӿԵūṩõĽԴ˲μӡ
ֻҪһ¸ҵ˵һ֮İϷת䣬̵ӰЩߡ´νѡ
츳˵ͳΨһı˵;
ܱߵɱ䣬ԭеĽײ㡭ǻֻūݣĻ΢н
˻ᣬ˲ᡣ
ѡֻǿĿܺ󣬸һЩµ·ָ
ȥȥȥԶȫȡˡ
ܵᣬչǲпģԸǰˣͻᱻϢ¡
ūƽһϣһġ
Ͼֻǵһԣ˵ֻǿαϵĻ֡
Ҫõ߷ֻ֣ҪȫԾϵĵ˼Ӳ˴뱾ϵݣûɷӵĲ֡
б׼𰸵£Ҳܼ򵥡
ų󣬰һ۾ͿԺʵһȵڶά˹١ķ¶Ҫ߳һأһϤ֡
ά˹һδƽ

ȻǸһˡ
Ĭһ飬ЩȤ˵˹ܰҽһ
ǣ𾴵ĵ¡
˹ԥظ
˶û⵽ĽoȻֱͦԭèɵ΢ıޱȰ
͸ô顣
ڵȴڼ䣬һ߷ǰʮľӣڵʮλϷֱҵɭ¶󣬲̾˲𡣡
ɭƽ񣬾ūǼﱻȻķˣСʱѧ֪ʶȻô׾ǵġ
Ҳ㹻Ŭһӱȡõĳɼڰ֮С
¶Ͳͬˡ
ǳͷβū¿α֮ǰûܹϵͳԵĽСŮ
οճôصֳԱĹҪµֳѧͽѹեѧϰʱ䣬νٵÿ
һ³Ӧԣּ϶óΪźżȴȷġ
ũѧֳ֪ʶȱ
ôõʣֳֻԱ̫ϧˡ૵ĺְѵ󣬾͸һתеĻᡭȻҪ¶ԼԸ


117 
ð, Ƿִˡ˼һͨĸ˹Ҳˡ
ùС˵Ĺܼ, еʮֵذա
˷˺ܳʱҲûҵԷֻܽעʧĴ, ˳Ǳ
𣿡
΢ȵü
ʵںţo, Ҳֵᷢ顣
գۣԼ˸²⣬ĿҲ֪˽ƺĬèèϡ
ɫͫ΢Ʈ
Ȼλ洿o, ó˵ѡ
, ˹ȻԸ¶棬ǾͰݴϰɡ
΢΢һЦǷԾ˹ؾŵһߣ˹˵˳һλεĵһȷά˹ˡ
˹ȻЩڻ, 򴽵ǣ¡
ɼ֮, Ѿ˾尲ţҪ֡
ֻȵŵ죬Ϊèèʹߡ淢ĵĻ, ξԲˡ
ȸ˹뿪Һ󣬰˸ովǷԾ, ЦЦؿèè񣺡, ţ
ڼȡǻۺ, èƤoѾûôˡ
ʹʶѾˡ£kǹ򶨵̧ۣһ޹ؿһɺϾĽ
ⷽ棬㵹ǽС
µĵkһûסЦ⣬Ǿֽõkͷ˵ɣΪʲôҪô
ûиkĻᣬֱֻõkԭ
kͷ̹̹ظ˴𰸣ġˡҲܡϣ¡
ңɫͫصӳӰֱ׳øá
kһ㲻ΪԼá񡯵ǻۡЩѧһµūƽǱһܡԼĿ㣬κֵúĵط
kֻ롣
Ҫôһ˵ĻһӸ˰ɡ
֮еĴ𰸣ʧЦ
ƭˡ֡oͷϣֽһ£ȻݸһЦҴֻҸϲ㣬Ŀ佱䵽ϰɣ
kٿȻۡ
ô
ڶݵĳɹ󣬵kİͽЦǰʵʵص˵ͷСĻ
װһЦעŵkĿޱͣԶ⡢ҪǵҪôܸᲢأֻڽ£ϣԼȥһ鷳ֻ뵽
ܱһҵκģkڶݵѣκ󣬻ǷӦ˹
˹kǿҲϲ˹У¶
kѾЩСˡ
Сڳ󣬰ԾͲϲˡǴûбϲ
˹ȴǰϲġˡ
ϾǵһĻˣԵòŲæЦŷʣԡΪܰңɣɢΰèèٹ⣬ǹͷ㣬ҲŻôǡϲģֻװèè㰡
Ҵ븣˹ͬһǵĿ˵ţһߴõЦݣؿɫo̬жϣ°ַܵһǣ£𣿡
š
һϸ˼һඥպĶoһص˵ͷ⻰ʾϿɣ˳ŵҲᣬˡ
ᳵ·ؽ׾èȥ󣬰׼ǵ£Է̵ؿˡ
kȻ˱ۣ
¶˽ĮңԶһ񲻿ɽӽĽɫͫ
k׽˴ӷŵԶʶȡϢԥѡ˸߰Сдˣɽӽ
kءˡ
¶㵲ɫ󣬺֪ĵkϽ䣺ǵˡ
ɳǻһ·̵ĵطƤ˹̬׾ҵλΪĹӦҲˡ
ЩӦģѾļһ𣬱ǿСڰ¶ˡ
־ʱʱֵ׷ﶼûұϢֻһЩһЩص/͹ӵɳǡ
Ƥ˹ҹ̣Ҳô
ڸоµԽԽ֣ԽԽʱʹٲԸҲֻʱͣ£Ϣˡ
ǾȻں棡
Ƥ˹ʰز󿴣һСͲ׽꾡ͷֵǼӰ
֪ܿͻָࡣ
Ƥ˹Щ꣺Ҷ˵ˣǻȥ׸أ
ǣƤ˹ˣһȴЦɱȸ׸ǸңɸԵϢʹˡ
ֻ˶֪ǣһƻɲǹʱţһôöȥ

Ƥ˹̾˿ɥˡ
Դ뿪ɳǺƲȥù˾ֻˡ
ٶ˵˼ˣֶдˡĿ⣬ԼЩߵļҲһۣǮ
֮ȥ¶ǣҪΪ˳·ŷǰǼҲɽҴȥѡ
뵽Ȼᵹùϼʮ궼ûһεūң
Ƿˣ
ŴСͼˣ޷ؽӽ濴ŷƽ˾İ¶ǵƤ˹һ¾ͳ˱꼰ĵù
ҪպÿãѵõǸһʽĻ
뵽㣬Ƥ˹еëȻ
¼ܣȻһθеĶӡɷ͸׸¡
Ҫǲܵ˲һ·ûˣ
ϢˣٴδҴ·Ƥ˹ǵѵ´
ʵڲ롭λò˼oʹ᲻Ըɳļˡ
Щ׼ūֻ᲻ῴԮķϣΪ˲鷳ѡͷļˡ
ڶô٣١һɡ
Ƥ˹ﺬŹ̵ˮϵĿλȫʰèèš
ԶԶؿٴ̣Щֻǽҳͳİ¶ƽǣһ¼ˡ
ɳʵ̫ƶˣ¶ˣֻȥԼļӷٵĸ׸ǣٻȥɵġ
ǻŻŵسӣѳʧɢһʱҲ
΢侲һȷ֪׸ǵĳĮڳȥԺþδ£ֻܱһ˿翵ϣλĿĵɳǵ˺ͷ
иԶݣǷëġ
һƬУؿڣ˵λʹ㣬ʴȡԸǵġ
ĻߵǼľתתͷǿһķӡ
ȷЩֻ봿Ѫͨ顢ŵĹ壬λԽǳߣͨԽ
ʴȣ
ͳŰ¶ǵжһλҵӾȴѾǶĲпѪ
ȻڵѾƳǱķŭ˳˺Ƭˡ
ñľūǳͲס˱ܵĿ־壬ط/ԭ򡭡ΪжΪ˰Ѵгǵľ۸߰Ѿƣϧյʳȫ
ﱾǸգ¶⼸ֻھɳҪ΢һЩ
Ҫȫˡʳ춼Ŷӵūǣôܻ
ȥĶȻūǷֵʳٵÿٻϣ
ﻹʳϣ
ж֪Լ˳۵ʳƵģ߰һݡ
Ҳ˵Ĵš
ڽӲĳĬУȻ˸ͣǿһƹЦݣλĴˣūܺƣԸӻǡ
⵱ȻԼ֪ļٻ
ƽȷܵǳصıӣҵūҪ΢һЩ
Ҳڹĳǳء
ǰʱܵõĴȫȡԼĳеԷĹϵˡ
ǣȴҲ֪λʹûĲжӾ


118 
ȻúԶ, ֿϤĳʱƤ˹ǵжõᡣ
ΪڲͬмеˣɼҪߴֺöĳǽ
, ûһСĸ׸ǡܱȵʱɳģôǿİȫС
һͳصĬرӻϵ˵oȹһԵʰɡ
ڳŴ, ҲԶԶؾͿǱƤ˹
ǵȻǵλ֮ǰĵرʾҪٻסµġ
Ƥ˹
΢΢ףʶسһۡ
û˷ԸĹûеļҾ, Ҳûһŷλ۵ĲƲ
еɻʱ, ŸղƤ˹̲סˣڳǱкҪ飡
Ȼָ, ˻Ըⷢļˡ
ʵ, , ڱЩѵūץסһ, Ѿ׶༪ˡ
ǳҪΪ˱ѩ޵Ŀ, Ƕ˵ҳϺ͸мпܻڲúɳǵĴ, ֪ܿ
㲣ҲƣģǶһ, Ĭ˾
ܿ죬Ǳеİ͵õ˳ͨܿ˽ӼƤ˹ľ
ٴμġزʱҵƤ˹ʱ, Ѿèè֪һ¥, Ӱ¶ѹϢ, Сһ
˸˹һۣܼ⣬̵ԼԸ׼ˮʳ
ˮʳܿͱ͹ˡ
Ƥ˹ʳ⼸Եļꤣڵõڵɺֱµһ߷ɿʳţһݸɵĺˮһеԸΰèèͬڣ𾴵ʹˡлĶ͡л
̾˿רĳ԰ɡ
Ƥ˹΢ָһЩȲؽ˰¶﷢¡
Ƥ˹֪ʵࡪֻտ򣬾ûκη⵽ռѾͻϮ
ôܲźòµĻӺŮͻУѾˡ
ҪŵһƥƷ໹㲻ĿҲӵù֮׷
ūѣ
΢΢üе¶ĸ˹¶ĳ˭
ʵû뵽ǳԭ
ҪǹԵ½ײǿӰˡ
ͨ˵ֶԽǲбԽ£Ҳҽз
ײū类ĥѺǿȨѹ˳ܵ
󶼻Ϊñ˶Ƣȴҡ
ԾūԣϿİҲֻžֺܵù£ԼñһЩ΢ֵһʳ
Ͼǲ̵̷ǿĶͣҪͨĸ裬ǲܻõġ
켣ǿţҲĳū֯
ǿŵȻҲƲûһ˿һսū
Խ˽ʱͻˢһζū޵֪
ģܽô˳ĸƳɲǣǰβµûܴɵġƷūġ׳١
¶ĳ̫ƺۣǲ̵ħҪʰ·硣
Ǻ߾ˡ
˹ʮƽػش𣺡£¶ǲжӾжһǰ𣬾Ѿˡ
Ǳ̨ǣǲòжӾȫǺġ
ж岻һﶼûгһ͢ÿľƷʱùվС
ÿһﲻƽӹӻ޶ȣǺܿ⵽˱ӻߵ䵽ССİ¶ǡ
˼
ӵλϿ¶ǣɳھӡ
ӵƤ˹صˣȴһֱûм԰¶ǵĴûеõνԮš
ôλжӾҪôѾѾҪôӲؾԼ׸ǿھӡ
ȻյԮţΪİҲȫûгԼĵͽ׹
ɣѾнϳһʱˣжӾȴһֱֳĮĵ̬ȣΪӾûɳǰݷù£һλʹ߶
ȻƲλƺҪȣǵóϦĹ
һֱæŴϵûжľȥھǡ
СµϣԵؽϵĹܼҸ˹˼Ǻ˹СµĲжӾ
Ҳ©λͬɺ޵ɲ
ü
Ƥ˹ṩϢ̫ˣèè񡭡ʡԹֱֻܼ׵ؽĻ
ΪokǳصȨ䶯Ǵͷβֵúġ
ɣҪЩߵĿĵɵĻk뵽ҪԼ
ȥϢɣֳɵĿշھһôǰΪƽǿס΢˼һ鰧ǵƤ˹ԼɣǰȫģһС
Ƥ˹عȥܵŵǳķʵлĴȱ𾴵ĵ¡
ʵЯĲƸγٲִ٣Ҳסˡ
ٶڵĿ⡣
˸ĳŵԵظмš
Ƥ˹뿪󲻾ãŵٴˡ
Щʧ룬ػ㱨˺öӰ¶Ǹ
öࣿ
ݴʺ󣬰Щʵ٣
ڴżеõİ١𰸺ʱЩ
ôˣǸū˿ڣһǧũԳͳƵһģսʱ
ﵱȻûôõķӣٴ󷽣ҲƤ˹ضеƽṩ
ʵϣƽеȨҲãҪ˰Ҳãֻضеġ
ʧأǱ뿪ʱ
ڳϵõ򣬲ܸ˵һǰĺôǣܵĴ»Щʵũūǰ¶ǵ
°Ϊ߹Ĺֻһλȼ粼жӾĵͽ׹壬ҲܹعϴţܾӻЩһе
û˻ǴȨ
ڳصȴŽ˵ǣȻޱһ㡣
ȫסڰ¶ǵĳΧƽмҾϲĽ˻С̼֡
һ£ȨԽģסλþԽǿǱ
ΪĻǵķֱܵӹĿԽͣҲԽпܵõ֧ӵıӻ
Ҫ㹻˵ĻܱɽǱУܸõıӻ
Ȼε̫ͻȻˡ
˵ʱˣһ֪ڴȻԼͣʿҲûӾƹЩŮ˵Ĵܼһڸ̰ľּۻۣһ߰ǴӲֿһʳߣٽͰһֻֻ̧
һ̣ǵصķѾ
һ̻Թᶼūǣһ̾˸õ
ǳЩС塢ƽҿȥ
λǱ㡢鸾ΰٵλõС壬ͱŭū˹Ǽܡ
̵ǣסλα/ԶЩƽȻҲΪݱūţ١ܵĻᡣ
뵽ʱһֲ龰ǵļ̲סٴη
ʱƺ仺ȴÿһ̣ޱ
Ǳ־尾ľΪҪȵʱűˡ
ƺΪ˷⼸˵ľ룬ƽʱֻһȵĳسţȫ򿪵״̬
̬
ֱеˣſ䣬ӭȺ˺۵ľ֮һ
Ǵؿţţһʱȴ˭Ҷ
ǻþ
ΰά񰡡
˻л㱵ţлıӡ
ʲôά񣿡
Ǿþòشӳ߳⻰󲻽Цˡ
ĿȵȻѡɣܱӻˣֻȫΰèè񣡡


119 
ǰèè, ڡǱǿƱ㣬ʵġ
Ϊյ, ǵ׸ǡ
ʹ˵ʵĿǣԸ޴ȥ񡭡ҲǺ˻һ
ڲ֪ǷЯ߲£룬ɴλڳŸμһ, ͨϷϵͳľդȦأ㹻һǧˡ
ǵסأҲжڸ롣
žñʿŵ䵱ΰٵĿʿԱľ䡣
Ȼ, ǽǵԴ, ֻǶʱǵĻΧѡ
էһҪ췿ݵĲϡʳ·, ڲ뿪ݾӵص, һܲ㡣
ⷽ, ŵѡλ֪ͨÿ춼ϱһҪʣתߵ˴ǰȥɹ͹
϶֤ɡһ˼ţһ߷ԸǵȫǼڲϣҪǲҶʧ֤ģֻҪԸΪ, ΪһݡʹߵĹ¹, һ, ҲҪӴǡ
, Ȼǳڹϵķ㡣
Ҫ˸Ⱦ߲Ļ, ҲѪӹҽȥҽǡ
조ָҩˮĳɱò˼飬չ޵ġ
ҴӲϲɼḶ́ȫ
Ҫ񣬻ߺ߲Ļٲɢ
ҪڿɿصķΧܵؽʡҩˮҲøһЩʵеķ߾顣
ȻҲǵˣڲִٳʱüʰ㹻µĳ¿ʼĲġ
ͿˡȻͬȺ˷ŽɣͲؿǶʵظṩһЩϵİ
ûһͬʡ
Ϊҳϵֻˡ
ύʵ嵥ʱҪʱ֧ģ׼ṩһǷ¡
ֿﻹʣ3000öңϷͷǰʱΪ˳ͼȼĴľϵİûвΣ
󷽵رʾÿ1öҵˣһڱ뻹壬ÿҪһöҵϢҪǷ5꣬ԵдҪǲͬЩͲˡ
˼¸Ҫɹʲôۻʮ˽ġ
1öң㹻һ˹һһõСݵľľͷոѣһЩõʳˡ
ڲȼϡ
׼ڶǰ֯ūһ֣ѵϲĿ֦ȫʰȡɾԵͼЩˡ
ڲ֦棬ɭԴʵܳ棬ûҪѹեЩùϵǵѪ
֮ҪȡãֻǲԲͶĴҲԸ˷Կ
ȻǡޡȻҪġ
ԺغҵǮծȡṩĸֹᣬеծܻӭ
һӶУĻƻǲܻġ
ҪأǰĵˣҲö˵ֱϿҪϵҪׯ԰ɣȭ
뿪󣬸˹̲סѯʣ£ҪȺ¶ƽΪūս𣿡
ϵǣܿͷ㣺ȻǡǵȻǰ¶ǵƽֻΰèèĹԵҫ£űסɡȿ֮ѡɣȥУѡ񡣡ȻҪǷծĻͱծߡ
Ҫǰ¶Σ߾ӹһ٣ԸӻƽĻǾ͸ˡ
ⳡ粨ȥȥͺá
Լоܲô򵥡
Ҫǰ¶Թ˲Ͼ볤ڵĻ״̬Ļ¾͵ˡ
ҲȫҪҪɸѡС
ҪѡµĻҲȰĹ۲ڹȥͨèèĿˣӵгΪƽʸ񡣡
˵΢΢һı΢Ц𣿡
oҲգص˵ͷ
˹̾˿ǼЩ磬Щ΢΢𣺡ǣ¡
ڰŬס˱Щˡùͷֻ޶ȵİкתڲҡ
ʵϣڳԼµèoλֱ͸ʹһò˼顣
ҹĳ;桢ǣֻظЩ׵˱ƯĸߴľդȦסĵط
ÿƽأ
ȻտյģˮԴڽأԶʯȦסĵطǵһЩȫС
èèΰٹ⣬ĹµģǱء
Ⱥ΢һЩȻɪǣ¹εΰٿȻûʲô飬һһ۵˰׿еݡ
ѵǵϣܿһƬհס

ϣҲǱū
ʺϾסָǣɳ׼ȡκΡӻѡûü㹻ǮƳӵǡˡ
Ϣ
һû壬ȡһöҵϢ͵š
찡
鲻Խظ̾˳Ҵûû£
˵Ǹ¶ǴûйκνɳˣӦܵӻİ¶ҲֻһһճɡһһߵϿ˰
һ˰ͻᱻ̰Ĺ¹ǿ߼Ĳֻȸý˰ࡣ
Ҫ󣬻ǴҪõӣᱻѹεһɶֻǿϼ죬еѽǮҲõһǰ
Ҳϰ˱ĶԴ
λİǳģδıλûгûӶǽļֵʴȵṩôԮ
˽ʣһУǲƸΪϡ
㲻뿪ľդȦסĵطҲϸؽ͹ˣⲢҪǵﷸҪõǣΪ˲˵̫Ӱ졣
԰¶ǵǣʵҲĽɳ򣬶ŷ֮á
ʳȱĶ̫ĳУǻжϿпˡеĴˣ߱¡
λ˻Ļᡣ
̫ˡ
˷̾󣬺ܿḽͣģ̫ˡ
ԭģʹ
ΰ˶лˣ
̫Ҹˡ
Ľ˰ôʴȵ

ųɶУ׼ã
Ҳǵ
ͺһǾȮϵĸ㣬ĬĬųɶк󣬾;ֱߵĹ¹Ǵֽʣ׼ľդ¼ÿ˵֣Ҫľˡ
еǼǵһˣоһĿԼҪ
ϻǮңʵˣҲҶԿͺϵ˵Լ衣
οɬҪ˵Щˡ
ǿȥˣüͷʲôҪǴֱ˯𣿱˵ˣ
һԥǲؿڣ˵ԼҪĶ
Ҫ˵˲ֻ࣬вʮ
һ˱Ƚ̵ӡ
Ǹֻʮкޡ
޵ĸһͽʿʱ򣬾иҾһкһȥ׵һλʿѼ䵱ѧϰܡ
ΪֳԽʣʦǰʱ䣬Ѿʼʿصļˡ
£ֻҪٹһ£ʮ죬ʽΪһӣʿķܶˡ
ȻȴⳡĻҡ
޲ԣʦسԼʱһжѾ̫ˡĸ׵Ĳӱ/ͽϣ״ңֻбĸײڲݶľӹһ١
ǿᣬŵ˼㡢޶޲ھ󣬳ɸȥ
Ѿһգ·ϵÿйִǵ
ڵһƥúһ翵ϣ⣬ϵһС
Ŭ򶨣ΪȺ̻̲ͷһˡʱ࿴һۣ΢΢ͷ
һỹǮġ
ȻһüѾƵһգգؿԼ֣ǼǱСϣȻնؿڣҲһᱨ˵Ķ顣ҳΪʿ죬һΪеҳϣ
Ƴһۣ
ԸΪЧҵʿʵ̫ˡ
Ҫǵױ´ôпµĳôȰ˵ĻԸҲҪ׷λ˵ĸ߽ʿ
ôֵõһλӶС
ʹΪȻҲ˿ûƲΣʱ̣ɹ׵ôһǳص˼
ӵθкֵýʿҲʾء
Ⱥúûɡ
ۡ
ЧʼߣҲܴʿӱŵѡУΪʮҪΰٵԭ
ܿʹͳƳ嵥
ֻһСǾϲĿУū³ǵҰţĶʮ峵γ˳ĳӡ
ѷŵȫҪʣ


120 
ڶ֮ǰ, ɳ½½ӭ˸ߡ
ѡǰȥɳǵˣʵԶѡȥ׸ǵҪࡣ
ֻͨϸļ˵СΧڹʰ֮Ϊ֪
׸ǵɲ, ȴǸе˶һġ
ҴӾϿ, ɳҲȸ׸Ҫö࣬˺ܿԽԽⳡ꼰ɥʧһвƲʹ󲿷˵, ΢ϣɡ
ݵĿ860, ǰȦضסˡ
ԥǲǸȥȦʱ, ɳӭ˶ĵһѩ
ԽԽ䣬ƺ껹ҪѰ
ڽʵľ˶˯úܰġ
, Ӵ⿴ȥ, ͿһƬƬ׵ѩ, Ʈ䡣
ѩˣ
Ǿš
ʿô, ѵñȴ˶硣
Ǽյ״̬, ɫ, Ҳƽ, ̲ס˿
մСಡ, ܺ£
൱, λʹʴȵ, äĿ޴
ԸΪеı΢ƽṩȴһʩᡢ̰衣
ǣȦ㹻Ļ, ȡκηáҲǻļ
ȱҽҩ, Լеƽ, ʱԸҽķãοЩƶˡ
һĲɵزŪŻ¯ǲĲһԼǷծ
ʱѾʹˣ˵Ǳ뿪ȦطΧǰṩծ
ȴǵڶġ
ʲôʱԿʼծ
ţȻūǸϹȥĵһ
Щԣг˶ȥյؾۼ˵źš
ԥվһŵڴִЩ֪سۼȥ
Ļˡ
ƽؿһܵˣھ֮ǰվסѵĺ
еĻһЩԥ
λʴȺǺɵվ˳
һ52λ
µͷ鿴£ϵǼǹص˵ͷ
ֵ֮˺üˡ
ʿӡʱ򣬼۾ٿȻһȴܿȥ
ӡ
»䣬Ѿ֮ǰҪ˺ܶ˵ȺУȻûһǰ
Ⲣ֡
ʿסھǱĵطӦҪΪЧҵսһ̡
ЩСӵʿһֵĻ
㲻Ͻ̼ܣҲǻᱻʿݡ⵽ġ
û˳УްҧԼȼһ
Ǵһ³˹¹ѯְܵĿġ
ӵһ֮Ĺ϶ֻͨ˲һģñ϶Ҳͬ
ʵΡҲһʱ뵽ͼͽıڡǷծ龰Ժиһ󵨵ľ
𾴵Ĺ¹٣˵
Ŀ£޹һ
һһһ
¹ǰʱûע⵽ԷŵüͷӵĿ⣬ǰѸµľ˵˿ڣȻûлʽƣֻΪͲʵϣ̵ҵλʿѾҽйʿѵˡ
ڳǱУŷֻۣ̬ĽɫèȡůεĹܼŰ¶¡
μＯǣĿ顱һ͸뿪ˡ
ڻɳˣҪĵƤ˹⣬5¶ˡ
ۿߵ״ʵˡǱ꼰ƽŵ亹
ǲԸ̫ԶҲβʱ䵱ͷ뻢ڵ
˼󣬸ɴ̣һż򵥵Ӫһ߹۲ˡ
Ҳ൱¶ǵĶ
бϾھӣǺǻٵܵӰ졣
Ӻİ¶У֪֧Լһǧ˰ٶˡ¶ūѾѾռ˳Ǳ
ڳƳϵĳǱɱڴò͵жѾǲûа֡
¶ʾ£ǻɱͬƵʼٸߵҾ죬ЩƵ̰ˣƽʱָʹĳǱˡ
¶Ǵ֣ƻعϷһճɡ
ڱסԼһʳ
ҹ칦񻶺ǳԱ󣬺ܿ˱ġ
ƽƽʱүѥӣһģ
֪˭ôһ䡣
ǻûȫ֮ǰĻָĳܿٴ⵽˷ūѾѪ/¾Ů٣ֻҪܿģ׷ϵģǵ֮¡
ЩƽǵĶȻȫˣ
ٲȥǸˣ
ƺŭʹţǷ׷׾˻ѣųչ˵²õҲٵ˳Ĵ뷿ᡣ
·ĻȫȫȥܵĿѻޣٲȥˣ
ȻѪĳͻУҲ⵽˶Է֪ļҵֿ
ЩӵϰʿǣǵĶһ˽ǧˡ
Ƿй־塭ΪҳϣʿϤս
ΪǽʿһȫɱɾˣȻʿͿ࣬ڳǽĽ̼Ϊʾ
Ҳ˵¶ĳǱסٰ˰Ѿ
֡ܺճɼӺߣӵߡı磬ûľİȻĸеѹ֣Ҳ׼Դκۡ
ֻ뿼ɵ¡
Щ˶ɵǱвپԲߡ
أֽддţ˼ʣµūأɶнū˵¶ֻǸࡣ
Ϊʲôûм룿
ǲңǣûü룿
ϵǣ˹ܿ͸˴𰸣𾴵ĵ£Ϊ޴ĲжӾūˡ
ˣ
˹΢΢ףս󡣡
ںĶ죬ܶūܸɵĻҲʮޡ
Щֶ񶾵Ϊ˲ϡ˷ѡʱҪĵʳڸպ󣬾ͰǼææ
ūļ۸Ķͣߵġ
ˣڶʱȷ׬ۡΪ󣬴µȥ
ԽԽߣūļ۸ҲԽԽͣò⡣
ֻҪǿ׳ū㹻ɳڵĴͺˡ
̵ǣҲǷⳡҡ
˹侲ʣµģǲжӾûȥū
УҲЩǿ׳ЩūżҲл·
΢ЩʲһʶƽͬūǼٸ뿪ڵĳеġ
޵ǵһξūɱˡ£ʧ£ֻܸ׵ĸһһɪɪ
ǱѾĮġǶԹһ̣͸ͬ鳹׻˽ޡ
мǶ֣ҲܶʩκԮ
Щ󣬰ü˹ֲõԤС
ũﱻջˣƽܹˡ
Ҵū֪ܻ٣ǱĽǧѾĿ񻶰غ޽Ƶ޵ʳ
׻Թ˲ϾûմλϱߵСУһʱ䲻ɱѹո
꿪ʳľЩˣִô죿
زʵʵȥֵأҲ龫ǵ¹滮
괺졣
ǿҵԤС¶ѾܿͻһĿ궨ˡ
˹΢΢ס
̾˿
ı仯ԭʵʵſϼ¡䵱һֻȡůĴèȻ𲱾̧
ϾĽͫĹУصӳӰ
ʶ΢䴽ǣԵkë׵ůǸ鷳
˶٣ݸһЦҲǸᡣ


121 
¶ǵԽԽչڰǰʱ, شһԼЩ뷨
̲¶
Ȼ׵ĳͻǲɱģܱסԼͲΨһǳöԷƣӦĻʱ, ܵԼ
ɳչ㣬ҲĿǰҪĸݵ, ḻɭԴͽΪԣĸܴﵽԸ㡣
Ҳ޷˷Ӳˡ
ʱ, ƫƧĵλúƶĿʯԴԳеĳ÷չơ
ҪͨȽϱ, ֻطչ, ӵе, ܾӪúܲˡ׸ǾǸܲӡ
ͷһ, ڶݵľȺ󣬾˼˿
ǿǱ, ϶ǲȡġ
Ϊ̫, Ÿû޹ǽ󲿷ֳ򿿵ɺյı, ĴŸưܲǾ޸, Ҳܵס΢Щľӡ
Ļ֣Ҳ൱ңǱȻһ˰ߵڳǽ, ʵ̫ӽˣȱܴӸߴۿ˶ĴƬյػ壬Ȼֻװװӣ𲻵ϵķá
֮ǰ, ȫƾƶȻıɫ
һ˰Ŀֲʵ, ɳ˹Ϊ֪ġ֮ء
¶ǿɾȫͬˡ
ܹģǼڲ˰˿ڽ1500˵С, ޷һλھӸ׸Ǳ, ȻҪǿ̫ࡣ
ð붼ͷǿǱԭ, ڰ¶ĳǱɵģԳƵȫ
Ǳи߸ߵ¥ǶطֲխĶڡͨ϶Ӵݵس
ǵȫ෴ǣҪϡʸʯשǽһ϶ȥǿɲҪǴˡ
Ǳнĺ뽫ƽſܽӽǽҲζŽ߽ױ¶ؾ֮ڣӵĹУ϶Ҫ
һС̣һ˸ߵǽǱͳطָ
սʱƽʱ˰϶ࡢ߾ҪְܺġߵȡƽͨᱻڳǣǱѡ
ڽǰǻòһʸ߰ġս˰˰𽫱ȥ֧Ӷнˮļս
ͨƽӦˣܶ຦£ҪӲͷƤ跨ʿָӣܵرԼļ԰
Ȼָͨ
ָȺû顢ҲκγԶƻƺֻſһһѾǰճ¡
ǵܳȭʦ鷳
˼
ȻʡµķΧǡ
ϾѾȫڳǱ㲻ʹǰµЩҲøܽ൱ƵĳǱľӽз
ҪͻƳǱĻде֧֣ЩеϾѾ۸߰ҪķѴʱռõĻĿǰ൱ľȼʦ֡
ͻѣ㹻Ͷʯơ塢ڵȹеúҪЩִļһõذ˵¶ǰͳ˵ڶ⡣
ѡɢ˴ȥ͵ƴװҲǸͷ۵Ĵ󹤳̡
Ҵݻܱؽס
ѾûгþӪû뷨˲޼ɵʣΪйŭٻͶɹ
ȴҪһǧٿסɻҪҵĳǳأǻûʱ侫ȥؽ
Ҫܰʧͺˡ
ȻҪʡµĻԳըȥըԴèèĽָǹƥȥ档
ҪٱЩλʮֵƭoõkԼ

ɶŵĵһҲҪһֵʵҲǿʺ֡
ɵ¾ӱ뾡ʵսжһ˵
ʵʱһѣ׼
ʹԳģ
İõ롭ڳǰףһʿ
ǿ̸ӵĳǱΧؾȴڲʿݽߡԶͶȽʵʡ
ʳ޵ġ
ΪǹūǲܴӱҵԮֻܿʣµ800˵ĻΪӦûӦġ
ֻҪסǱĳڣʳĿգʹڲͶˡ
ȻΪһ׼ʽսǰһӶ÷ⲻסš
Щ⣬һǡ
Ǳ̫ԶڲҪġ
һֱԹۡװŲɲʱûս
ʲôʱսء
Ŵèȫɵȱë׵ʴУ΢΢Цȴ쵽ɡ
죬ĥѡս˳ǽ޸мͨɡ
ȻĶ԰¶֡Ǿͨ¶ǵİɡ
ڸһϦðҰһ֪ճռǱõİ¶Ѿʱȷܲ˵ؽſ񻶡
Ĺүһߴڴڵغɱ̺ƣķƢǳǳһУһ߶һֱȻһеĲжӾһƿڴôˣ
ԣҺ¶
ȰЩǰֻǿɺ޵Ĺүܺȵľƣݳ޵ÿ춼һСͰ
ǳǰǻ˵жǻÿ쵽ڴϺĺþƣһ߳ϺõѬͰ𣿡
е˭ô
ҪЩũյͺˣЩϢͨ˶˵ɵػˣ
ǰһָЩǮء
Ψһڵľǲһ°ŮȫɱˣǴǳȹڲжǰŪ/ɧʱɱЩƽʱֺŮƯö࣡
ˣһŵһ߶Ǵڵӣҿ᲻񡣡
⻰˶شЦ
˺ȵκˣаЦŸ˴кȻ߳ȼաůһĴ
ģ䣡
ͻȻܽһţʯһ·ܿһȺʯǰ
ֵŵЦЦͺ˳شţһŰ໰ѡ׾ٵؾһģ㡢ȴ޿ĵŮͣȥˡ
ǱγԱȵģһƬǽĴׯＷһţɪɪȡůūǡ
رѾȫջˣʳʳҲѾˡ
ģٿѩһЩݸѾʳʱһЩȡ
ҪгƯЩŮԣҪôΪԼҪôΪ˼ˣǱ˻ȡʳͬĴ
ɵǽȥ󣬾û˼ǵӰˡ
찡
Ị̇ҹ
ܶţ̫żʱŵõǣû¶һһĶɫ԰׵ûһѪɫ
οҹˡ
ȵҪ˯ȥֲ˯ȥ۾֮󣬾һЩͬҲ޷ˡ
ǵû˻⡣
˿ηһĴŽȥȡů
Ҳһ߼ѵصź䣬һ߳޵صųǱ
졭ɡ
߽š
ǰˣ¸ˡ
µׯڳǻ͸ڵʱڸһ󣬷ֵһԵĶˡ
ƽʱûʿҲûйµĻǻܱɭ֣һЩ³Ұ˳伢ɡ
⻰ȼϣ˱žĳĬ
ֵ֣ȫڳǱ
ˡĻ


122 
, ԰¶ﹶӲдūǶԣһޱȵ̡
ÿ۾ͬȥıһ棻ÿ۾ǰ, 롰ֵѲˡпֻš
Ǳı/ͽǴƼʱȴƽһҰˣʰȡѩǵܳݲ񡪡󣬸ǴΨһƵϡôĶ, ȻȺһؼһȡů
ѩԽԽ, ϵĻѩԽԽϵԽԽůͣ俪ʼðҰݵʱ
ֺƽҴūǣ㱵òһС
, ӶԷ΢õһ衣
Ȼ尾Ķȥǰ, ȫһ㡣
Ǳˣֻǰǵ, Ҳܹĵճɡ
ǲбĵĲжӾٻǸһùһϡȡ
ҪճɺõݣٸһСӻǶӣԴؼˡ
, ȴʲôûˡ
ūؿŻҽҰݻӡĿȫǵأ˾ĳĬ
ƽʱµĹ£׼Ȯ
һûȮĴ죬ϰ߱ϡ̢Ⱥãͻ̿֡
, ô죿
Ӱɡ
˺Ȼڡ
ߵ˶ʱһ, ˼ؿ˹أ
˵˽˹, ֻ30ͷͣȴĥ50ߡ
ܶ˶ѾˣΪѸɺ÷ڵĻʵˣҲһλ
˹ѵ´ԴؿɳǵķԹԵؼ˵ѩˣ·ҲⶳˣڿˡҪҲ
̫ˣڱ/ҷǰǼЩ鲻õķӹ¸סˡ
Ӻݳһ٣㵱Ͷ
Ҫھģڹ³뿪͵͵ԵϽԼðΣյҲҩҽεĻٺãҲͦڡ
ⳡ/Ҷԣ˵ģǸΪ˺ҳѡ޴Ĺ£ΪѾˣûƽ⼸Ŀ
ڷ֮ǰԷΪƽʱѹū类ѾĸͷԴˡ
Ȼ˹صҲ͵ˣ֮Ĵ嶼̫ûñҵʱܡ
΢ָЩѾӭˡȱʳѰ·̤ⳡϣã;ġ
ܰجΰĶ죬˵ֱһ񼣡
㡢𣿡
ŵؿһɵ˵ⷬھӣĿİǲƽһǮûУҲûʳгԸǵġ
ǰҲ˺ܿС͵ΪʲôҪȥɣÿ궬ū˵ﻹҪöء
ǻǸĿµط
ҡҲȥ
ʵϣ󶨵ū汻Ƶ޷ϢľˣҲٻԸðȥУʹһꡢôӷϱеūġ
ⲻȱƽ۽͵ΪޱԼȥٵ˿¶ͬġ
ȰҲˣ˹ء˺ȰͨĻãȥɣҲܽģ˵ٵȵȣǾͻ𷢴ָأ
˹شЩεؿǣ΢ЦЦûнҴϡĽҡ
ҪȺѾеӣ˵гռͼͲڵǱԱûнйֿ¡ũմˡ
յսװռĳɹ򱻸֮һ档
Ѿһĸˡ
Ҫ¿ѱĻĵأȴ졭ǵ˿ٶȶһ˰ɡ
Ҳø˵
˹ѡʰԼİϣĳСȥ
ܺĴ죬ǰסڸڵ˵һҵľˣĵȰһΣҪٰϣЩˡȴ쳹ůȺֻǰַǵľӵǰӶһյĳǳأĴܵǿŵġ
ؿ˹أЦ˵ллЩ˹ءԸ˵Ļһмˣ߲㡭߰ɡ
˹üͷȻ˵ͷ뿪ˡ
ǱͨﵩѰֵˣȻûзһ΢ūȥ
һҿ񻶺ڿųȺˣ·Ҳý
¶ǡ˸ߵʱˡ˿ǻû׸סʣºüʮͰƣϵŽ
û꣬Ҳû꣬ô뿪ʵ̫ϧˣ
ٱҲôõܻᣬ뿪Ǳ󣬾ͺлˡ
ײеǿţҲȥһʵĳǱǿܸԣӵйеôһǴڲƣʳľǰĵоһɢˡ
¶ǵ뷨鷳ޱȡ
һĿ񻶳ͷԵĲ̫ˣͷԱȽѡԸߵ޼
ҪֻܳΪǿţܿͻᱻַľӴסϽ̼ˡ
ȶһЩѹȷ㹻ٸϽ
¶ϵȰ˵
ؿʳʱɿūǲͬڵǣֻԼ
¶˲СŬȴЧ΢
ֻĵصȴŴѮǱĴ𽥼סҲһպЩ˲űѹԽԽرʾԸ׷뿪
¶һʹʣµһʳͱе뿪
֪Ϊʲôֵø˵飬ҹȴڴշת࣬޷˯š
ַǳǳõԤС
ʲô
ֲԤУڵڶõʱ򣬾͵õӦ顣
¶֮ǰŹ³䵱ڱڲtվڣѹǵľӵ
ΪŵڶҪ˶þܵ㾫һΨһ⡣
Ϊ֧ɳǵĵоسͻǧٿ׵ţ̤ΪūϢصĳʱǱ˻˯֮С
ֻΪ֮ȥŨؼС˯һֱūǣĿؿȺİ˵ĵ
ƥ񿥷Ƿİϣŵ͵ݻװòƯò˼Ľꡭ
峿ϣĳοεγһʶʥĽ
񰡡૵̫ˡ
϶ʹ΢΢£Ľɫ
˶鲻Խ˳Ե״̬Ŀתؿ
ֱŵĬǰԼ˴ߺǲȻѹ
类ϰ˱ȵĿעţû̫ȺƺǵĵŴ˵ū
ĿѲһܣǿӲݴũһûвܿ¶˳ԾԾԵ΢Ц
Ѿܾáܾáûֿѹôĵĵˣ
΢Ҳĸ˹ܼҵ˵ͷ԰ռƻʼˡ
¶ǵ˴㯡
˿ûʶλ˸ƿߵ꣬Ǵ˵е
ˡ
ľӣèè񣬴һϷĸˡ


123 
õָʾ, ˹ü΢
СҪô
ᣬĹĹܼһǰףذ֮ǰļƻһȥ
䱸˶ƵӾ, ȫŵڵĳŸסˣʮԶλ, ǴסֳʿǸָһվλȷ
Ȼ, ֧ڰ¶ǵūԵúƺġӡĴ, ʵǲ۲۵ũ
¶ǵⲿṹ, ͨѵǵ׿ڽһˡ
ʲô飬ϲǰ׼Ĺ, Ҳ÷¶ײӰӵ㣬Ƴʺϰ¶Ĵƻ
ڳǰ, Ϊȷ󷽵ĸݵһʧѾ˼˵˹ܼҸ˹ʿŵǺΰٿ
λʿȻḻĸ˹ͳܳǱҲԵ, ȴ㹻ҳ¸ҡ
Ǽ˳غƽĹҲǿɿȷǿִ
ǵ, ҲֻҪձƵļһջ͸֣һͳﱸˣ䵽ԲϤͷ۷ĵز
ܸ˹ԴвСµľĺ, ǹͬˣҪٲͬĻ, , Լˡ
Ƭضҡ
һָƮƮһ仰ͰԴ˼ֲֵũ򶼸ϳټ
ᳵ·شİ峵ҵԼֵũߣڸµĴ£Ȼµˡ
ܴѾȥСˣķϵҰȴüȸܣȫûĳʼģ
Ȼܹ⿿ţȥѡ
ȰӲݴ԰ιءٽз
Ψһûж뿪Ȼ̬վģλͬӵҫ۶ĿĽ𷢡ߴĹˡ
ǶԴĽͫ䴽ǣҪǲĵĻҰɡ
⻰Ϊȡ˸ǻۣʶվƺЩͻأoȻҲص峵ѡһȽƾɡ˱˺ũߡ
kǱһ̹Ȼػص˰ߡ
̾˿ƼٵԹðɣҲֻҸˡװèè񰡣±ͬһ¢ȥԱߣ𣿡
ӢĬؿһۣԹԵŲ
İͽ࣬һ̧۾ܿԷӰ󣬵kǺܿĵġ
ɵֻһСȴֵѵصʿһ˶ԸԵİš
һɵķԵ޲ߵģȺİ¶ˡ
ǴվڻĲݴǱ˼ҺԵĿһҲԼܸɵĻ
ۿţȺɵоĸо𣿲ûкɱڰѳǱĴŶס󣬾ȻԹԵػңɴؿʼԵĺӲݽɨˡ
˱սĲн⣬ֻ߰Ұˡ
˴ѡȰЩҪиֵļƣ
ӵǣʱ˸Ի
ǡԼôһֱĸذ
İ¶ūţڱ˴￴˲;ȡ
ĵؿֿСƵ龰
ڸʲô
ܾܲô²ؼվŰɡ
ô붼Ծ
ǡѵǻܸøɵľһũ𣿡
⻰һһƬš
ΪʲôҪǸɻ
Ӷ𣿡
ǲĶġ
Ҳûжʣˣһ˸ûˡ
ǿǾӡ
׳գǲǾӻʲô
𣿡
ҲԲɲǱǻ˵ƽѳԱÿ˱ǻҪö࣡
Ҳ̫ˣ첲ҵȶ֣
λʵ̫ˡԸǵҳ𣿡
ūţǿըӴơ
չǰһĻĻ龰ʵ̫ķΧˡ
¶ũū˵һȺû˿ܡͰ͵·򣬰Щ
µǰɫĹܼѯʵ˹Ҫõ𣿡
ԣ˹΢΢̾Ϣ
¶֮󡭡ֻһڱ/ͽı΢ūȻҲСԼ¡׿˵
ʹһκˣȴһƽյķԸū˹ΪˣӦҪܸϵ
š

ûдȥֱӴȺũū¡
ϾûдѹȶԷȡӵĴ㣬Ը͵ķﵽõЧ
ھͻʱΨһܸȺūȥȫеģӦþǡϤ˹úܺáʵɡ
׼ǰʱյλū˹ءԼɵ¶ƽеһЩˣǰȥȺũū
Ƕõ˹ǵˡ
ݹ᾵ūǣ˼ǿֻʣ¹ͷˣٲԵ㶫ĻµͷӲɡ
ЦЦڻȥʳԺ֡
ǺʵҲǰΪ˰ԼĲ£ϵ˵ǡ
Ȼȫȫؽǳأǰ¶ūҲġƲˣȻǶ
ⲻõĲ״ðΪ˵ũūķ档
ڵɣɲȥˡ
һʳȫƵϳĶ󣬲ﱻѩǵ綼ֵˣﱻòϳ£ˣ漣Щ죡
ԼСµĸ˹治ɫ΢΢ѻȥ·ġϾʹΪ
ΪСĻǻġӲͷǳڶƶߵѡ
װĸ˹ȻԶֵΣԶôƽ⣡
ԿɿĹܼʹЦе˵һԵĽ۵˶Էֳ
Щ˶̫ˣһͶιʱø̫࣬ðθŻˡ룬ÿһһٳԶһɡ
˹Ȼ顣
Ӧǣ¡
ͼĶԻȻǰ¶ūҲȥ͵ġ
ˣҲܵŻԼйء
ǰѹѾıôȺūأ
Ϊ˱ŭɾʶ˵ݺ󣬾СĵúԶ
͵͵ͶʹʥҲʹֵľ޺תΪˡ
һȻֶԷƾնһޱĿĴͷʱԻһ˲ִ۷塣
λòԽò˼飬ȴǵĸ߹ݸĳͷĹүҪʲô
͵ԺشʱλƯĽ΢Цػÿŵĳͷ
ˣ
΢ʱֻ˺ܵƵ죬ȴһشһݺݵײ˰¶˵ϡ
ʲʲô
򳹵ɵˡ
һȫȻ͵ģа¶ū
ҵ񰡡
۾ٿȻɴˣҲɵŵϴ
ֻǸʼ
Ŀ£ֻ뵽ϸţ߹λƵذǱصĳͷӵû˽ͷƤĲӰ
ⱻҰݸǵأ˶ԿƱҪġݡʡԵˡ
Ȼ
žԽķ䣬ɨԽ˸еһɡ
һ߻ٳǰƽţһõ롣
Ϸĳͷԡءһͬʵ£ȻǿԽĵĵأԽгɾ͸а
ܾһĿմտʼһ㡰
ܿأ泩ָоͳ׻ˡ
ԽԽ죬ϰһĻˣ鲻Խضס˰Ҳݵľٶһ𾪵ؿ
ʱ˿̣˵ǵӶųͷĵӰȴߴһ֧սʤľӡ
񲻿ɵǿƣӲĻĵٵءơһֱġͺͺġɫġ·


124 
ڳǱ˲ɾӵĵǰ, ѾװΧסˡ
𽥴ξѾһУֱԼ۾
ӣоˣ
ιι, Ѱ
, Ҫ군ˣ
ӱűľķѵûĵֿһֱ漣Ƶ˳˳ˮЩ, ʱǰδеĻҡ
ǿȨη, ʵūĹġ
Һؽһ, Ƿ׷׼˴, ȿֺس¸š
ӵǸ˵, ȴоһλӵбĲжоҪ߹öʵĹ塣
ʶ, Ⱥ˷·һȥſƤ, ֱǸηηū
ִŴͷ޷ƿ, ˸ǲ㼱ˡ
Ŷ˩סˣ
ƲҪǿײ𣿣
ȫʿǾʲô
군, һѹǵģ
Ҫ𣿣
֪ǰ͸ˣ
ڵ׸ô죿
µѾ, ٶʱǵӡ
ȥ¶¶˵а취
һһѷسλߴ¶ҳȥ
Ѿ֪ˡ
ǳƷʱ¶ű, ŵǼλֿڴߣʲô
Щ˻Żŵ̬üǿİ䣺侲ˣûдκιе޷ΧǽķֻǰѳǱĴΧסˣΪʲôҪ³
¶Ļ, ҵ˹Ȼо΢Щ
ǰûпЩ˵Ĺе
ʿ, ҲڲЩе, ͻƳǽķģ
ҲֿʣµʳȻˣǳʮ졣¶˵⣬Ͳ֮ǰݳ˷ˣ뾡ܽʡЩŮˡһˡ
Ǿ̵ľ˶һȻ
ڿɲѰֵʱЩŮ˼ţǿɻüιʳأ
ǳԵ٣Ҳʳ
ڿԼˣ
ҾһŪҲЩܿ޿䡢ԽԽŮ˸ˡ
¶˵ǱҲûڽ뿪ʱ»·ô£Ҳܴߡ
ұЦˣһþȣõǵУԹǵΪ
ǵȥ˱ˣ˵ԼĻһأ
Ҳм΢еһЩģСܲܽȲɱ˵֤ιǳԵģûϵ˰ɣ
٣׳գ˭֪᲻ΪźˣͰԼָ
ԼʳֻҪ㲻öģҲν
¶ĺľҪô͸Զһ°ɣ
ŭ˶ˡ
¶Ͱ˿ֻŵȺĺѼ渱ӵ᲻ɵø̾Ȼ
ҲֻƭƭЩˡ
Ҵ¹Ϻ¶ɫһعأҧ˵ǿЩ뿪
ҪȺĿǳ̵Ĵ̰ݺܣʳľǰ뿪¶ĻۣܵһΪ챻
ֻһжѾٷŭҲ޲ˡ
¶̬ܿתѯʣǱж٣
һǧõġЦ˵Ҳ֪Щһֻùͷûý
ڸչȥЩ˶Ȱ˵ֻѰ֣ڿͷӲˡ
ȴã
ս־⵽ĥҲû˵һսľġ
ӣ൱ҲԲһѵصľӵĶ֡
¶Ȼ˵ʵ
һرĻ
šüؿ⣬ɻȴԽԽء
̲ס˼ƲߵͷѯԵĵ᣺쿴Ǿʲô
óǱ˸еη֧оΧסеĳںȴûнһͼ
ʿĴ£ɵؾ͵ȡģһģŹܸ֡͵ļ壬ûнһӽǽ
Щװ硢ũߣ͸¶еһͷˮˣǾȻͳũߣӲ
ô£ɴ۾૵һΪиŲȡαװ
¶ûп
ҲͬĻ
и
ѳǱΧסģ峤սŴŷƻյĺضƣһ۾ܿҾ׵ľʿء
ۿһĻˣôܻи
һУҲʵ޷⡣
¶ĻζռȻ£Ȼھ״̬ĶԷȶԷͶ߽ơյǵġ
ȴȥЩƨũأ
ֱˣ
̫ˡ
¶ҧгݵȫ֮ˣ
ΪúԶǵһӲӵӰҲ˵أȻҲԿʱĵ費
ƣ
ڷŭ֮£¶û̫ԷǿľٶȣҲ˶ԷһʼֱһټĻĵزֵľٶ
ܸǼȥ
¶ܿ¶ģ¶һĨ̵΢ЦϣͷȺĴɴǺȺûõŮ˵նڻ뿪
ҲЦûˣҵֵܣȺѾƨɺô౾ֲܵӣҲʱ򳥻ˡ
ѾѪ㣬ö֪
̫ûֿѹôߵصسĿֺͳɾ͸С磬һա
䵱ũ˵ȼѾﵽ9󣬳ͷõķΧӶͷٶȺͶԾã˴ְҵӳɡ
ôһĵأҪøȥɵȥѵĻҪܾҪæʱ䡣
ڵȴֻҪʱܾˡ
Ĺس񫣬ݵ/ҲȻһͬʱ𺳺Ͳеİ¶ūǣȴӭ˸Ӳ˼¡
⣬ЩհףͰ͵ţǸǵģ
˼ộеĳлܽѾһСˡ
ľƵףһڵġðŰɫĴã˵סˣⶼΪΰèèʥˡ£ֻڵkǵٹ£ŻūҲܵõǣֻҪҳϺͶô˰
ɵˡĸҲڴߴ٣˵ķԸÿ˶һ붹Сһ顢˿Գȥ룡
ʹõ˿϶Ĵ𰸣õˡؼװָʾūȴɪŲ
ǰ¶ū
һ磬ֻɵһ߿ţʲôû
λ߹ĴˣµˣȥôũȻñеκ˶Ҫöࡣ
Ŀһеǣ˶ɡ
Ϊ΢ĴڣǵΨһ;ֵˡ
ȴضֲãĻܱµ˽
ΰèè񣬺ʥİ£
Сظš
˻ڵλ𷢹һֿۣ˿ðޱȵʳĴһɺɵСɽȻƵ˿ĭ
ͷĶӣѾṾ๾ˣʹ޷оֻľ
ɿźþöûмʳ
ΰèèʥ°
뵽óࡢٵļˣǿҵĿ־УСǰġܴ͸𣿡
šİ﹤ܵؿһۣѯʵһû룿
ǵģūǳſ;ĿУĿİؽͣһӺӡ룬뻹ֻ
ǲˣҲǺá
ǰ﹤üܿԱȡֻʹֲڡĺֻܴܴǽһ£ǵû
˵ţʹҨÿԵ
Ũ֭ʱֱ˶̲סǰһ
ӣˡ
⻹û꣬ǰ﹤һ߶ţһץ7ֻȻ˵һ˸ò꣬ȥӺæ
شʲôͿһڷūߴٵֵˣ㣡
ȻеףмꤵūĲͷʵ᲻ˡ
а¶ūһֱصϢַȥȡʳٻصʱ̣С
ΰèè񣬺ʥ
Ժﲻתǰ﹤˵Ļ
ȻǺȴĥúϸ壬ǳԹӲݵúҧҲỮ˺
һģ˵㡣
¶ȸոպãȥ˸оůڣòеĶ
û̻ʡ
˵嶼ѾˣҲǲȱģҪŬܽ
ֳ϶ٲ֪û¶ٵ£ҸǣϧسžΥʳ
֪䣬Ѿ档
ɡ
سԼֻһ붹һָ˺ǡ
Ȼر˱ͬۿӣС˵һҪرλĴˡ
һУĶġ


125 
ڰ, ʲô΢һȣȰ
ֿɲܵ顪ڰ¶Ѿȫﶬ¡
ѹУֻڷ־ľʱ, Ųòͣ
װèè񰡡
Ľ΢΢Ц, һԲػߵoſ˫ۣҪİ
λͽoȻϿ, Ȼرȥ
ڱ, ֻһƣ󡢻ֵ֧ӵ԰, 򿶿ʰoȡӵ, ʵǻָİ취
һèèܰٻ, ̰ͼʱʱoԼ
Ҫü򵥷㣬ЧʻߡֻҪϼ, ؿž, ܿˣ
Ҳ֪ǲΪеĴ̫, oȽ΢Եʡ
, ĻָٶԽԽ, ҪסoʱҲԽԽˡ
λԸ񵥴ƭţ󷽿ɰo, һ㶼ⱻš
Ҳ⡣
kԹԵؿΪ˫۽סİͽȻ˳ر۾
ϸҲ㡭ǵkϲģõ

kʵϲõ塣
kϲģֻСһõ塣
Ľʹ϶еĵ, oá
뱧Ű, øһЩ
kȷš
Ϊ˴ﵽĿ, ҪݹȥٶȷһЩ
һЩ
̫ȻҪˡ
Ϊk¶ƭ̫ģڵk͵͵Сֽţһֱûб൱İ
ֻɿèè񣬰ҲɵرۣߴʵĻĿһֻʱʱҲľ
Բ첻ٶţûŲֵèèĺ󱳣˵Ѿˡ
ȻᣬkǺɿ˻סֱۡ
ɫ۽΢΢£峺ĽɫͫصӳӰ
װèè񰡣Цл㡣ڣҸüæˡ
˵꣬èè񳹵׷ֿԼҵ
еؿʣµĲֺ󣬰˸˹ԼȥϢȰ˵æµš
Ҫ֪̫ոɽʱſʼӡ
赹ǰɣͱץʱС
èèٿصȺСҵŬڶɹת˳ӡ
³ǳټũջ󣬰ǼѵؿסԼ/
ǰԭڹ񫡭ţü޵ΣҪͨӸԿѧֲķʽʽ¶ĸּƻ
ڰʱ򣬰¶ūǣҲȥҡһ䡢ǵʱµ˹صĴ£ӽڵȺ
˵ЧʣȻԶԶȲϵͳæİʤ˶ࡣ
ѵһʱҲɨɾӲ򣻰ѵ֮λʱҪôϳͷҪôţ磬ˡ
ÿǿԸֵʱһƲס𺳡
ʵ̫ˣ
һ鱻ĵأɫǳĺȣǱ׼һһģһ
ԵҲͬĹ㣬ֱ
ֱǡЩóܵңԣоֵ³Ʒ
û˾̾Ŀ⣬ֻһһڵţﲻӡ
ÿһӢĽoһ
kһֻ۵ˮװŷ·òˮǵkɺһƺˮ
kظŰڶԷֿѹԵӵϣ㹻ˮΡ
ȫϢ£Чޱȡ
һԼѹӺ󣬻ͷȥֻһǿҵȻ
ĻͿͬһʱ俪ʼѿ
ٳɳΪ;赹©һûü֣ĳʱ䱻ֳ2졪ֱǿ֢
̫ˡ
˻ԼͶɹ۴ķ濴ǹûoʱƯӯЦ⣺лİװèè񣡡
ϲõģèo΢΢һ
kҲתƬֵ¶ôЦݵء
ȴûʲôĵط

еġ
ĵطðôġ
kؿĵĸ˹˵ŻİǺԾ΢΢
ʵɫ£ĿһĻˣҲ̲ס¶ƵЦݡ
ѽ
˵ᣬȴ˵˵
˵̫ˡ
һ߷飬һߺСظ˵һλôʴ
СʣµĲݸӣҲѹصѽϣܳΪǵ
ʲô鶼ûȴʱõͶ
˿ǵõѾܶܶˡ
˹غλϤ˵Ĵ£ǸҵĹǣĵظ˵Ļ
ûлĹ¡ڵı޴£ͷʱȴǰҪöࣺǰ¶أǸøĻƣô˱Ǹأ
˹ؿյͬǴţʱҲѵõ¶ϲõ
ڿʼɻǰҵԼľ򣬽رס˶Էּˡ
û뵽㻹š
е޴룬˹ص۾Ľϲ찡㿴ǰǿ׳ˣ
һжΪΰèè˵ıӣ˹ǿȣն˵ô룬ΪиõһҪλ˵ָʾ
˭֪Ϊһһҹ·ϣ۽⿴ڿǻ龰ʱ﾿ж
ʱ룬ԼԶˡ
ȥɺҲζžܻʼǲԸġ
˹û뵽Լٴ۾Ļᡣ
˵ر·ɹ˷ˡ
ȷе˵סɵİ¶ˣ
ݵֻʣһѹͷȴԼ¶ū˶һ
ܰʱʱȥ¶ķ̽Ϊ˰ȫ˿ֻ̫ͨ۲èè׵ķʽõһЩϢ
˹صĻ󣬰ʶ¶ūٵȥˣȻӿ˷ʱ㡣
ǣǵġ
֪˹һľ뵽Ҹı飬ԼõõĶޱȼᶨص˵ͷ
ׯڣԭҲǵϣ
ڿҿҵظһūǣҲԸȥϢ
ǿۿˣũ򣬻λ߹һֱûͣЪأ
ôȥ͵أ
ôţȫԸ뿪ء
˹ȰһκҲͲֹˡ
Ц˸հ׵ĺϢҪɻҲҪȳԷ׿˵ģ
һ̣¶ūǣ͵õõξﶼϣġࡱÿ˶ٴεõƴһ붹
ūڽʳʱҲèè뿪أ͸˹͡
oȻǲҪʳģںȻȡ˸֮£kѾоܡˡ
ٿʱkһֻůڵģȴһ궯о
ʲô
kһգգ븣˹ר˵İ΢΢ͷ
ȵkϸϸ̽˶һҶƬĹ֦۶ϵġ졣
ģʲôȻ˰볱ϣŷ˳ȴġˡһ
ǴӳǱķġ
˹ٿȻü
ʶش˽ϣ΢ǸƴȾ̬
ڵõ΢΢׵ɺȥ鿴һ¡
ܿ죬ڳǱʹϢ
ģһŮˡ
ȷе˵һ־Ťͱи˺ܣѪŮʬ塣


126 
ضĿʬʱ, ӺʿǵĵһӦ̧ͷϿ
¹ţĴͶġǼòӰ, ȴܴ¿Ǵսľٶ
ڶݵĶӺ󣬶ԷȻĿ, , үϲŮ˰
°ɣ
أ
, ӰٿȻʧˡ
ֻգ۹ӰӰ´µĴ̨ڣֱҵʮ
Ӱ׹£ʮͷƤġˡ, ǽӶҵ˵ϡ
²սΧڳǱˣҲʲôˡ
Щˤһҵġһڰ¶ǱµǰӶ׾졣
˱ۡ
ʹۣԺﻹӳŸղŶ̴һƳµĻ档
киֻʣһ㲻ָͷƤŵĲ
ΪӸ߿׹䣬Ť۶ϵ֫
صĺһöȹùһˣͷϡܿ˾ĺǻĳͷ, Ѫҡˮ˳ªһš
˫Բţ͹ʹţǰڿذʩߡ
ǣһŬ, ûȺʴȿԵıͽõκ
İŮԵ, д˾ֺ;
˺ĥ, ˺۵ӣůҫĵط
˿ֻԼԶèèš
ԭ¡
૵
ˡ
µ޲оģ䱻Ϊˡ
ƾʲôҪǵԴ
£Сġ
˹ķӦһĿ졣
ʹ֪֮⣬ڶԷһǾְصؾеĶơ
ͬʱǰһýʵĻܺԼѰʵʵػ
á
ȫ˹ϵƽЩɣ˹
˹΢
ת⧲±Ȼֵġ㹻ߵһյ硢ǿҶʥĹԶ̵ۡ
ʵ΢ۣ£
ûлش
ʲôǳ¶˾ģʲôû롣
ϷȡΪ̫ߵܾûжõöèèָ˹شֵָϡ
޳ƯָΪǿǿҵķŭ΢΢š
èƤoۡ
ӵkվĽǶȿȥǶǳɫ۽޼ȳ־ǿһԹӳ£ѩ׵ϴһƬǵӰҲԽ
۽µεɫʱҲıҹɫȾΣīɫ
һī峺ˮݡ
񡭡
kŴǡ
ǳŭ
ΪЩİ˵
ѵõޱ顣
סֱǿҵŭֵĲ󣬲ŲæȡǱⳡ϶Եøģʮָ䡣
˹ɵĿǱʮָϣԺиһ˼ͷ
£ѵǡ
šüȰ˵²ҪôΣյ¡
ڽӴ˫ųǱϷʱ͸صһ˲㲻ظ˿ڡ
СµԸ
СµȻǲӲġ
ĹĹܼҸһ˿ʿ񣺡𾴵ĵ°ҳϵĹܼңԸģȰ˵㣬ֹ㡣ֻϣ㲻ȥԸҸ󡣡
ְ𣬾ǴɰµԸ
ܱǸβңװĸ˹ͬҪҪ֡
ø˹ٿȻ³ǣȴɴػؾԼ
ֱλڸ˹һֱԵôġȻúܸߴ󣬵Щʱֻ˹ˡ⣬ûʲôáӡĽꡣ
ɫƽ˵һȥ𣬽ʲôҪҲ㣬ʲôҪ
۾΢ԥص˵ͷ
˵kҲ϶ȥġ
ڣkǸӿһЩ
ȻΪ˽ʡʳɱŮԣȺ̰ųһԵ޹ʵؼŭҡ
ɤ侲޲ŵġƯĴǣʱҲûһ˿һ仡
ͨƽ²ʬķʽҸеŭﵽתߵĿġ
˼֮ѡҹҲͬģǴӱĳѡ
˹Ŀ΢
ûܵǱ׻ʲôڡҪôȥ׼ģ

˹Ȼڣ
ҲȷûԵң˽թ˼㣬ѱΣ£ǲͬġ
ֻиһħŻᱻեһֵ֪Ϊǵĳڻ˵⣬Զ˶٣ƽؿһǵĹܼ˹ⷽ棬Ҫȥš
ֻ׿Խϸޱȵĸ˹ڣȫģȷ©֮㡣
˹ףǣ¡
Ѿҵİ¶ˡ΢䴽ǣƺΪ˰˹ǰ¶һ¶ȵ΢Цֻǣõΰèèףͻӡ
صģϢڳǱȺħ
ǸˡºŴࡱӡʹʱƯüۼģȴ˷ĵĮ
ӭսȺ׼ǿʱӷŭ
΢ѹߣһһٵ룬ҹصȥ
ͬһʱ䣬¶Ǳڲ
٣ղŷʲô
һ㶯ں𣿡
ģ˭ЩŮ˵ʬȥ̫ˣΪʲôҪȥЩĹ壡
˭ɵģ
ˣҪ𣿣
¶һºǾͽѺŮ˵Сֿڽйķй󣬰ȫɱˡǿû˵Ҫʬȫǽͷ
ûκεɱɶЩ濴ñȽǮҪĹүԣô̵ôصƣ
ʶԷܻܿᱻ׼ŭԽԽĻճĵоʿɫһӾǵĲ
ɵʱҲˡ
һоҹûйеҲҪǿǱĻǿɳŲ̫ð
ɵˣϽȥ¶ʱô죡
֪˭ߺôһûͷӬһˣһѷس¶ܡ
ûˡ
Ҳûˡ
ūǻûʶԣֻΪȥطѲˣǻ𼱻ǵɢȥҡ
ûУ
ûУ
˺һǳɵ۵飬ڻǷˡѳǱȥ˸ǳʶˡ
Ҳ¶
¶ͬҲˣ
ɵúá
¶΢ۣŵµɧųǱЩǾʧİͲҽкץʱ䣬߰ɡ
ŲЩŮ˵ʬ壬ҴŭЩʱʹŵǱ뵽ĳǽϡ
ļƻǳȺ˰λӵĹŹֹעȫȥǱԶλÿ䣬ٳ˫ʼսʱ͵ܡ
⵱ȻǶలȫķѡ·;õһˡ
Χȥ⿿ȺõĲ£ǵѡ
ΪѾֻñ˻Ҫһٱ
Цˣ¶һŶǱһĶһشᣬ׼½ĵһˣҿɻôҵԴ̼ܡ
¶
ᱥֵȻ𣺡񰡡ʲô
΢΢üԷʱͼɫ԰׵ֽһǾֵͫﵹӳš
һ⣿
¶㶡
ԡ
Ѹʶֵĵط¶ıǱ־ĵйһһˡ
ѡⰫأֻпúܽʱ򣬲ϡһġ
ôܰѵô
亹ৡظ߬ҲƲסز
Ӳƫͷŵָķȥ
ģһ⡣
һĿʥϡʹϵҫ⡣


127 
Ȼһġ
, һٶʿ¿ֵ´ţһֳǹܡԴ
ǵڵͬʱ, Ҳͨ¹ʵָ˳ǽ΢΢͹һӰ
Ȼ
ƻѾ, ɾעǳµŮʬĻߵĿ϶, ³ǽҹɫܡ
ô죿һǱˣ
ðŴع, ֱð亹Ѿû·ˣ
ȥǿ϶ȥˡ
ѾԷͼ£ܿٽ棬⿿ȣôܵùоÿĵоأ
Ҳܻȥ
ԽԽ, ܵʵ϶ѾǱǰͬǷˡ
Щ޴˽ȴֲޱȵĻ쵰ڼȵĿ־ͷŭ£ǲԭǵıѣ
ʲô
ʶԼ׹Ԩû˼񼣵ǿҹâһ¶Ҳ˵ؽߴǸ貵Ӱƿ
˱ۣܿ˼һǿеĶԲȥȻȫˡ
ãȻ¶
׽ԽԽĽŲ, ¶ҧҧصͺȵ죡
׼αԼҪܣֿоĺȻֵļ
ֻһȺٺƭĴ
æҵؽ¶ǽͷʱѯӳİ¶ū, ȷǰⶰ¥;
𾴵˰, ˹غԥػشǾɵ¥, жȼϡʳ
ճ˵΢ūûʸӽǱġ
ÿȡʳʱɲȥЩǱ޴ūūȥ͡
ͬηηĴū˹أ΢ܶһЩ
š
õԼҪĴ𰸡
Ʒõľ¥ӦòˡԴͻơ
ΨһҪעģǶԷʻͨܦǷۡʯһǷһʣԿǽǽй
ԣֻһǰȥ
ΪԷһ˼£ð¿ֵɳΧ³Ǳŵʿȥµָ
Ǽܹ΢ƺ޲Ҫܽ²Ļһŵķ²ܻһͶٸǣˣκλСͼҵ۾еǷܼ²ݵ١ҵޣ̫á֮⣬Ҳκ˵Ͷ
ȺԥʳѪ⡢׼/ޣûκ
ʹͶˣҲܵõκƴ
ֻǡ
̾˿
Ϊ滹ʣз²Ļڡ
ǣ¡
ܵƽǱصŭ⣬¿ֵףȥ
Ƭ̹򣬳Ǳ˾͵õϢ
һȴ֪ʵ볹׾Ϣ
²ﻹз²
֪˭ؿ˳֪Ͳ¶Ļðȫɱˣ˭ˣ
ڵõ¶ʱǾͰЩѾݹ᾵ŮˣΪô÷ĳӵȳǱͣɱɾˣ
˭뵽ԷͻȻҪʲô²
Ǹһķ²Ҳˣ
ڼȵĻ̿£ǿʼҵǨŭһǨŭĶ
Ⱥô֪
ƽʱôģôҪʱͲˣ
ȺûõĴŮˣ
Ҫǳ̫ˣǲŲôɱǣ
Щ꣬ʬ˱ڳǱ⽴ŮǣǷŭģһеġʼٸߡ¶
¶
¶Ĵ
Ǹ޳ܵĻ쵰ûѻƭǣԼ͵͵ߡױǵΣ
ûҪ¶ƻǣŷѲжӾͲٽ鷳ˣ
֪ȥóǱģ
ɶ񰡣㲼жʳȫ˶ҪӣҲһ㷹ԣɲһ
죬Ǿˣ
ȫ¶ǵĴ찡ҳҪǻûܵĻһɱǣ
вͻȻƵǰʱû˻ܱǡ
Ƿ·ˣūзȻ¶һ޷ĹµȴˣǱһصϺңס޿Ů͵ͷǽײˣ¶ǻˣׯͶѣؿǱմһźݺǿధūˣ¶ǸˣһŰЩŮͺƯŮūڶ﷢й/ˣҲ¶
ʱʧ¶ȴ˶۾졢Ķ
ԼڳԺȹľ⣬ܹȼյ¯ںĶů˺š֪ЩЩĹ塱ԼҲʹĥɴָϲЩŮˡ
ãԼһдﵽϣжô
ɱ¶
ʹԶ¥ϣҲޱȵһԵޱȺ۾һµɴˡ
ŵ˿Ĭ¶¶ҿǷ֮ǰ˵ļƻɡȺѾȫˣýĽ͵ģ
¶ɫģȻһԲ
ȻҲʶһ㣬һӣȺҪǴʱ򣬷ͻȻþˡ
ڽάȵľȴ
ΣղĳǽԵϣɴϵʯ˲㱡ĲϡĥԼȲ·оһʹ
ޱרע̰ԵضǱҫ۶ĿĹŵġò˼ˡ
ʹ
ϧ
ȻֻԼ˵ţҶԣʵ̫ˡ
ҹ̫ˡ
ѾһͷҰޣ̵ͬѪ⡣
ʹԤгĵˣҲ޷סĹâ
ƯýƲ۾ʹ£ܱڱӵĶºá
ʧˣᡣһȺûӵȥһȺĹȻʲô³
¶Ȼڡ
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ѵǸĲжӾһңЩĹǣûɱ
ôЩµģɱҪöˡ
ȴûoȥͷжȴѷͬеǴɶӯ
ļٵĵᣬЩĪؿǣ֪ˣ˵Щ
ȻʧˣҪ̹Ȼܽ֡
¶һ˵ţһվ·޾ʱܵǽΣգ˵㣬ҵĺûơٱվ̨ٱϽ̼ܣǻеڶѡ𣿡
õĺþƣѾȹ
үԴҲΪǱع
ӳȥˣʵҲûʲô˼ûһ֮Ҳûݵǣô
ҲǱĴӵǿˡ
һô޴Ĳ£ҲñϽ̼ȥ
ΨһһܹµĻᣬѾǳ״ˡ
ῴ̬ɵȻӿֳһŨصĲ
¶ʲô
̽ǰһվڳǽϵĻץ¶٣Ȼһ㣬λ̫Σˡ
Ȼֹ
ڵ񾭱ӽĶԷʱǰȴȻһΣҲһƿ
ڴʶζʲôǰľѾ׹ˡ

˺ѷεغ˳
һ̣һеسǰһ̣ȴһƬǶû
ôؿһ̻ĵЦѾ죬һ̾ͺηһԾϵʮ˸ߵǽڡ


128 
ô, û˴²𣿡
ĵһѯ˰¿ֵ¡
ʮźû, 𾴵ĵ¡
¿ֵæٴȷϹȻ˷񶨵Ĵ𰸡
š
ޱص˵ͷ, һ͸ˡ
ϣûܻķ²ֻ֤, Ѿ, һҲûʣˡ
ƳǱǽһ, ڴŴ˶õʯդ
ûʿ, Ҳͨӳȥˡ
ٵȥˡ
Ȼڣ¿ֵ£ȥ֪ͨ˶ۼǡ˿һЩ
ʿƽ
Ҫ֪Ǳﻹз²Ӵ, ҲԲһӪȵʱ˷ѵ
ڲȡʲôֶΡ
ϧ̫ˡ
˿
ȻûüȺ, ١ƲȺѪı/ͽҵԩꡣ
˵, ¿ֵ㶣ǣ£̫ǽ, ⵽ЩѾĹģ
һܵκˣºһᱻ˹ŵݺݽѵģ
İɣ˹, һ˵΢΢һЦɫһƽo, èèı, 𣿡
ͻȻ, oĽɫͫһˡ
kŵȲףޱңһᱣðġ
ɿ
ĵЦЦɴӱǱ˶ӡ̲ʥèèıӻޱǿտɫллҵİȫͽػˡ
kԹԵص˵ͷ
Ȼ֪λĬԣܸڰߵĿ꣬Լʵسŵo¿ֵʵûŸеİ
һ̻ŵһ̾鲻Խظһ𣬵һ
ԭǣܰʮûκý£ΪoĶԷҲ׵ؿŵ
Ϊ˴ϵڻǽʼյġèèıԽ˾ܼԦС
̫̫Ľˣ
˵ĿⶼǱԡƯʧϵɫؽϡ
ѵλ𡱸£ǰĵڶ
ƽʱܵεĸ˹ûеõأ
ԡҾĽĿУ𷢵o֣صؽӹԼֵĳȻɵػ˼¡
ܻӶ
¿ֵ¸̾š
ָ֯һֵĴǡȰʱ
λȥʵȴʮˣȴѾǱʮָ䳯ǽȥˡ

¿ֵ¼ͷ󺹣ȴһ취ûС
ޣΰèè񰡣ңø˹ԭҵʧְ
ҲʱȻ
һʶ̧ͷͼһӰֱط׹¡
ˡ
֮ǰЩܴݲеʬһһˤһ̲Ŀĵࡣ
Ϊ׹λԼԶšèèָɢǿҹߣ׵ؾͿǾʬ״̬
Ǹԡ
ϴʮ㡢ϵԳϸڵıʽ¼סһѽǶ˶̱ʯĳڲԶԭϵذȻˣ䡣
ƲǰѻԶһܳеĳ̶ȵĳᣬһʵǺܵ͵ĸ߼װ
Ƿ²
ǡǱЩӶԭвƸѾԱеһλ
ܷ䵽ֵ߰սƷλٲȻ͡
΢üһЩ²⡣
ԷѾ͸ˣʲôݣ޹ؽҪ
¶ҪģǾͻƳǱЩɥʧԵı/ͽԼ̡
ˡ
ǽȥ
վصǽǰҲգؾʮָ䣬Ȼǽȥ
ѣ
Ѿڰ¶ƽԭϴٶǱӵűϹõĽϡūƵмӹ̵ڳǽ
ļ̶̳ȣҪԶʤػǽ
Ǽʮխڿרֶխ⣬ǽʵûһ˿Ŀ϶
Ϊ˷ֹ͹еĿǽزĺȻӿһﵽ˾˵ס谭еƽ⣬Ҳ𵽵ֵͶµʯá
ټ̡ٺʵıݣڰҲֻǴ͵ʯˡ
ֻҪܱϵͳ϶ΪʯĴڡܱеʮָơ
óȥһʱǣǽֻ΢΢һ£ûơ
ʿŵۡ
ѵҪ
ǵԺԼͬð˼ͷ
˿ûйǺԥ¾ʮָ䣬ٴγǽȥ
ѣѣѣ
ûսĹܼش͸ڳ˵ĶĤ
˶ԣǵȻѾ˵Ŀġ
ԽԽʿҲ˼ط˵ɿسۼ
Ǹӣʲô
մʧȥѵıʹѣͿһĻ
ŵۣЦԷǵƾǱŮ˵ĻҪϸֱۺһССĸӣ빥ǵĳǽ
̫Цˣ
ûһ̨ͶʯԶǽ˺еҲûƻسŵĹ鳣ûж㡢΢һЩõĻ
⿿һˣһѳ⡢Ƶʵ޻ʮָ䣬롪
٣ᡣ
ޱȻʱͻȻ˲²ѣûиоǽڻζ
վܦϣȻյļµǽнʮ׵ĸ߶ȡ
ǶŵǣÿǸᷢ⡢Ưò˼ӶŸӡǽʱǶܸоںԵػζţ
ʺ˵ʲô
ǱƵߡͶ·˲䱻⻰ȼŭŭس¶ɫǿ룬𣿣
˻㶵ģӷŭˣǻʲôҪǲ¶ǸųһֱӴȥ͸Ͻʯҷۺʯ鶼ŪǸĹ徹ȻǽôһҪۣΨһܻȥĻˣֻҪˣĲһȥƣǵΣҲͽˣ
γѣϽȥ
Ҳûţȥڶµʯ顣
һ߱ҳǺÿԲֹһ߻ƲסĪͷϣ˶ϵĺ¶
Ǹʺų򣡡
Ĩ˰Ѳ֪ʲôʱᣬ޺޵ҧ
ǽµİȻڷ·֪ƣš
ʵǽÿζһ⣬ȻûҪѵĺۼ
£Сģ
һֱŵضͷĶİ¿ֵͻȻţͬʱ۾˾һˣ
߿
Ӳ˵ĽoƵؿڡ
¿ֵ»۾͸оһ޷ľȴº͵ؽƿˡ
ĵسֱʮǿסûһƨˤϡ
ô£
ؿڵķ򣬼ȴǸߴͦεĽıӰ
kͦñֱûһ뿪İİ
µkšһеǿʶҲὫⷢһСҳϵشݹ
ǡʱkͷҲ̧ص۾һӡ
տɫ貹⻡ٿȻӹһĨϱˮ͸Ϣ
õģȴǰųؽǿ
ͺʯûȫʱͽǳ׷մˡ


129 
Ȼ˵Լİȫèèػ, ͲٹעܵĶ
ػӶʮָ䣬ɿظûʯڵҵ
ֻҪɶļ󣬾ʹʮָõġ
Դ󹤡ְҵ7, ˽󣬾Դƣͣⷽ澭Ļȡ
żܵȼߣֽͲɼʯЧҲõ˴ȵϵͳжΪСʯ, ֻҪһ¾, 󡱵ҲֻҪ3¡
ЩӺǽ, ȻԶԶسˡ󡱵ķΧ
һ£, ¡
ĵطôţĬŴ
ô򵽵35ʱ, Ĵ΢У˲ͬĵط
ˡ
һ, һĽoһۺ, ʿ, ԼվԶЩ, ׼
ǣ¡
ĸ˹ܼ, ˼
Ӧÿˡ
ô, ٴγǿƺ˿ǽǡӶеʮָ䡪
һѾľġѡ, ԭûһ˿϶ǽϣȻһֲľ޴Ѻۣ
£
˹ۡ
ʶӴʯǽѵ˲, ûбܵĿ־, سǰһ, 󺰳˺󣡡

Ȼͺһ, ԥٴ¸䣡
̤ŵʯںȻѣͻĿֲʧظУֱǽϵѾ˾ʧĲҽ
Ѿǿ֮ĩǽ壬ǱʮָдʯһҲ޷ܸĹˡ
ʮָһֱƵһ߲ǽƤ¶Ǳ鲼Ƶʯש
һĻˣеһͷƤ顣
¸ߴΡ룬᲻ɴݵǽ壬Ȼıǵֱۺ͵һֻʮָ䣬ҳһ˸ߡһ˿Ĵ󶴣
ġ¡͡һӴЯµ̳ۿžҪȺ
Ȼһ̣ҲؽеʯսϵͳС
Ȼֹ
ֻʣ¶ûκɱĳңûǰ׼ʿǺÿ
飬ȻҲҪȥˡ
ҲҪǱڵó׿ٵ⼸ķѵѪ
ֻǰʿǣûд͹е£ҳһ㹻þӳǱڡ
ʣµ飬ȫԽ˹ʿˡ
ұ׵ġ
صūŬؽĳ򣬰ڸ˹֮ǰʰġԭڰ¶һλ˵סլ¡
ۣȴȻĨЩŮԲʱŤݡ
̾˿ߵo̾ţǵʵǡ̫ˡ޷̡
ΪߵĹ壬޷ƹеĽײ㣬ܾܵȼĴࡣ
ƽøԣǵĲ
ͨӸŻչҵȷʽūܳԱеٲӵѧϰ֪ʶĻᣬӶõ׼Ŀܡ
Ƶ󣬵Ȼͻз
һҲͬΪ֡Ͷūܲ˵ǰж
Ҫūڷ𷴿󣬵һЩƴūͬ飬ܡҲɱΪȵ֮һƽ񣬶ֻŰ/ǵĹ͹ײĻ
ԭдǡ˵дȫġ
oİͽ΢΢һ
kظоˡ

ѹ
Ϊʲôأ
oеЩ󲻰
ܵ˺ġˡǰϲġˡ
kعʱͷԼѾȻס˰֡
k΢£˳Ӧģսȥ΢΢üġ
ÿΰԵkʱk鶼ܺá
ϣҲ˸
΢ȵۡ
λһ㲻Լղʲô˵µo׾˵ŰοĻҪҪѹ
kһһٵ˵һһֱġ
ллİο
ЦЦû£ֻ΢Ϣһ¡
߲ɸϾĿ顣
кܶҪء
ʧȥΨһЩʶ͸ָӣǱѾȫں֮ڡ
žҲʹá
ɾǰܵŵ㵽ܶţģûκεĵֿ
һȥצƤ±˵ǸڹµıηηֻܱԴᡢޱȵū
ؽ԰¶ûжʹĸһ˿ġ
һſƿѪһǿ޳ܵġ
ΨһӵԭǵʸˣѾǸϲ³ǽˤһ̲̲Ŀȫǵࡣ
ǵĳͷͺͶǵһ죺ȫ
ĵûѡ˵ʴȡḶ̌ǲȡ˲̵ġնסʽ
¶ҵȺ˵Ѫһأǵʬ׼һ𣬱һūںõĴ
һֻֻѱȥ
һʱѾǣǵַմũׯһˡ
Ϊ˷ֹĴЩҵŮԵʬ壬ԼڳĴССһֱûȥܡɷʬ
ûʱ䣬ҲûѾǵһһбʶ֡
ֻһ𣬰һ޴οʯ¡
ϣҪȥеİ¶ҴߣĻĻиܼ˵ĵط
¶ڶ̶һͱɾϢܿʹɳǡ
ʹΪȺ˱ҵŮԶŭèèı£ǰѱʮָ˼ޱȵĳǽ˽ǵͨľϸڡҲһ±ˡ
һʱ䣬Ѿ뵽ɳУΧҲԽԽİ¶ˣһסˡ
ǵȻûʸӵģγϢȻ˵ˣ˶ΰèè⣬ûκĶ
еľˣۿ˱Ѿ̵ɱ˵ġӵˣӲģǵҲ׶༪ٵ׼
ǻ̲סǣļ԰Ķ
ˡʤˣ
ô죡૵ųû찡
ҿ˵ΰİֻ˶̶һʱ䣬Ǳˣ
Ǹô죿ǲҪͻȥˣ
úúõģѾȥˡ֪᲻еڶΣֲ̫ˣ
ʱû˼ɻˣڼе¶ԼӰ졣
ܿأΰٿʿʹŹǵľסأʽˡֻҪûбծģʱع¶Ϣ
ÿЩǣӦǴϢǣϲû¶ľϲС
ţɫ
Ǽվ˳ѯʣ𾴵ΰٸ°ǣѡ񲻻ȥ𣿡
΢΢üԡˡȥ¶Ļǻǰ¶ƽ񡣵ɵĻɲֱӻȡݣҪͨèèĿˡ
⻰һԥİ¶ˣ̲סڡȥѡˡ
ȴûһᶨʣʻʲôĿأ
¡
Ҳ֪


130 
Ҳûϵ, ɹѹ˰¶ѾԭȻǲԸȥġ
ھ°¶ͳ׸ı˿ڵԭƻɵش̫ƫԶ, ͨز㣬ҳƵϷֵĸҲ࣬ԴҲٵÿμȻܿʼֲһЩˣϣȻȲһء⻹˿ʼѷµĽ
Щ޷رܵ㣬ɳǶµķչ, Żֲֳ
ɳӵлضϢɺΪԽˮԴгƵϹԴֻҪ滮, ɻȻ
ֳÿķϣصķֶȡԸĻϴﵽЩࡣ
ֳĶظƷڴ䷽ϵҪ󶼲̡
󣬾ͿԿȥܱ߳ˡ
һչѾȷͶϵҲĳСΪʺ̫ĳס˿ڡ
¶ͬ
¶ǵĵλ, ȻȲϲһǵĸ׸Խ, Աڱ߾ɽ͵Ҫõöࡣ
Ϊ, ҹǸ׸ǣϲҹ, ɳǣ·ڣģԴЩеȴСĳУնͼ˹ͨ
նͼ˹ͨ, ֱԷḻĽͱʯĳУĵĿ类Ȩƿ, һЩɢС˴ֵ̼, Ȼ˴˺Ϳǰ
ڳԴѷסе񣬾ǰİ¶ǣڽճƷĲ䡣
Ϊ㣬¶ﾡڸȻԴ϶ƲԽȴԶɳҪö̷ӡ
һĶңð¶˵˻ԵشҲľܵ˼Ӱ졣
ڶ԰¶з󣬰ֲΪΪķչƻ
Ȼĸƫ֪УԽĵطˮͻԽá
ͨרֲ԰ĲѾƣֻйõݳƷ
ܸͨľˮǳʵĵơơ
ڴǰµǶ̯ǰҲ΢һ㡣
մҺȿɬǻﵭȫơĴ㡣
ɼʹľƣҲƽʮֿģϧһˡ
ͶŴǱ⡣
ȻҪһۡ
ɴԵظ̾š
ǱǽǸҳĴ󶴣ܿɸ˹Ź޲ˡ
ˣܸɵĹܼʱڣҪļҶúһ
ⱻ»ƵѾסһѾĿȫǵķ䣬ָĿ΢סߵĸ߹ݡ
ԼľסҪ󼫵͵ġ
ͬڳھٰᡢԵ£ὫʱⶼҺĥǹ壬λÿ춼óʵæµֻҹſϻصϢ
ҪܵϷϵͳǿϢĹƣͷϵԸɸͨ
Ļ󷽷¶һ˫èĽoⲻ΢Ϊʲô
֮ǰ鱨ᵽ¶ĸûӵоƯ׺μصô󡣡
˵ʱһֱһգգضųǽǴƬƬĲݵؿ
·Ѿ͸ʱܲ۵ӡ˲úķء
˫oеƯ۾ӳչʯ㣬γôࡢôĵأ
ֻΪûȦǽڣǵĿУͱӡ¶족ų˶ѣ
ΪΨһڣkȻȻ⣬ΪʲôİͽƽƽĲݵظеˡ
⼸µദ󣬵kֻ΢һ룬ͺȻҳпܵĴ𰸡
ȥ
ë׵Ķ΢ز˲k˳ⷬ˵ȥǣȥֵĻˡ
ѩڻ¶ĵرϸżûб˴̳Ӳݣĵطһ˸ߣǳĵطҲ͹Եϥǡ
ǳݾҪϺܾõʱ䣬οҪиͲ֡
¶ҲɣƳǶɺӣȻһڿ
èoĻԭԼ˼еİСһ
ؿһoü۽Ҳţ¶õkϲЦݣװèè񰡣ԽԽɿˣ
䣬̿ؿŶԷɵشŵĴβͣƵ
˿֪ԼѾױ¶ܵЦݹoŬ˼ŻðӸ˵Ļ
ҪҰæ𣿡
kڴš
Ȼܵõΰ/ӣǰ¶˵£ЦԺĴ£ӦԼȥŬɡ
kƶǶص˵ͷ
Ȼһ뷨Ҫȥ忴ȷ
ô˵ţһеĹܶಽèè뿪˳Ǳ
ǽʱѾһٶλ
Ȼûֹ˹
ѾϾŸѹãڲȷǲǻ൳£ĹĹܼһжСΪϡ
Ҳû泤ʱ䶺Ĵ㣺ֻĿ»ĸһȦ;ʱʱڸ˹ǿѹŽŵעУץȡġ
ֻɫڰϸϣôԵø롣
ȴһ㲻ںֱŪС£ֻרĹ۲ı֡
סеɴ󣬾ͽɿźҡΡ
СȵĻζ£鲢ûɢ
ָ΢ѹһ·ɢϸС״
Ҳζţɹͨ˳顣
Ϊ˽һṹķȣÿһµ򣬾ЯС˴Լ10ֵȣÿζֻɼɸ˹ǰ׼õС
ȻصǱкٽľעУؽ׵Ž۸߰ĲƿУˮµתΣֱˮ׻ǡ
¡԰鲢ġֻİoͬۿ˺ܾõĸ˹̲סѯˣҪʲô
ร˹ֻһܼ򵥵Ĺ۲ʶȵķһ߹۲ŸֻƿˮҺζȵı仯һشŹܼҵ⣺ˮԽתΪ峺״̬ʺϽ࡭ţȰع󣬼ǵѾݱм̲
ʵܼ򵥡
нӲݳײĸַȻҲŻӲݡԶѷʡѺͳݵ΢΢ν෨
νġָͨ΢СϸԼ΢ءϢŵԽ࣬΢ֽл½ṹ͸׳ֳ״ǴССġӡ鲼ſ϶
ǽв෨ˣӵõˮԣȴҲͬʱ߱ıˮ겻ˮɹڼȻܸĸṩһˮ֡ܲĿ϶ǿ͸ԣҲȷֲĸҪ
ܿط֣Լһɼ12ƷУֻ3תΪ峺ʱ仨̫Ҳζţ9ݶƵʵṹԳͬʱֶƺͺ̱ˡ


131 
ʮһա
, ǶڵרĵţֱһԶ
ǲɵ̧ͷ, ѭԴ˹ȥ
û϶ã¶ƽСͷֳһֻӰ
ĳԱ඼ǲеģֻдСŵİ峵ϣ̬죺ϲбˣãȻ
ס
ýһЩ, ϳмˣǡǰסڳĹ
һ, ʱ˵ļ䡣
Ҿ˵ôô죬ǲϵţ̵ģ
ԭǶӵȥˣ
ѽҪǣֱɣˣ
ܳΪôõ, Ƕ˰
ǻҲһҲλĵµĹϽѽ
һ˵͡
ūСһ󣬾ͺܿ콫עŻԼֵµĻϡ
Ϊū, ǰҲܸƽ򽻵ĻᣬǼһЩ, ֪Էʲôġ
Ҫ˵ϵɾȫûǻˡ̸ȥӭӶԷ
, Ϊһƽٵİ¶, ܼʶ׻, ٵظеЩС
ƽĴ, ǸصĵȻǵׯڡ
о׿ڴڣ˵ΰèèǻ۵ġַ
ūǵ뷨ЩĻ¡ڻصΥļ԰İ¶ƽȻǺĵġ
˶ϵǣ¶Ļعļ԰¶ģֻռе֮һ
ҪôǲԸĿļңҪôɬûؽһеҪôǱǴεѸŵˣٻȥʵĵط
ԱȽεɳǣȡԺͨǴ˵еΰ/Ŀ飬Ҳ̤ϰ¶ˡ
ΪֻؼҵˣԽǽӽ¶ǣǵԽǸӣǹ˵ĵҲԽԽŨˡ
ĸû
ңȻڳһ׶༪٣ɡֻҪۿԷʬףﱣһϣ
Ƥ˹Ϊĸ׸ˡڵĵλ΢ġ
¶ǶԣֻǸͨתվˡ
ɾطĻΪУӵļ˿Ҳˡ
жȺѾҪصܲҵ˵ʬǡ
ˡ
ֻΧصĶСӳڳŴܼʱȡΰٿǩļ
ţȥɡ
ļۺ󣬳Ŵ΢΢ףϿŷС
ȥǰԽܵƤ˹Ȼ⵽˳ïܲݵϣƺɢһЩūˣЩɻ
ǲڳǽţȴڳʲô
һ㶼˵ЩūûܡƤ˹ǸĴˣȥôУûʹūƴģ
ŲţܹĹյūܡ
ֻԺǻһС󣬾Ŷٴнһˡ
ſ˲ɵһ㶡
ţԼͬôһˣ
ӳǼһĻȼյĸأǱƿײõǽǱ̤ٻʣǸ˵ءܣʩ߰
ѪĿֲ
ڡ
ʯשķݱ޸ˣصľƷӱƵ»õС֣Ա߶ɼĺľģūסéݷ˹ľƵģõıȽϾɵľͷžͺܽʵǰҡҡ׹ֵĵϸʯ̹ģȥɾִ󷽣·߻ܿˮͲٵһꡢֱߵĵͰӾͻᱻˮ͵ˡ
Щ֮⣬ؼ仹ɢɢطֲɵ￴Ҳùġ
รзڳǱϣ״ءĿеġèè֮
ǲ֪ؽַԼϣҿֻĿϾӡ
ǵļ԰ȴİϤ
İָǼȫͬ˵ϤɼùĶʮơ
һۿȥԺоͲɵøֳˡȻλʴȵµĺۼͷ
׼ˣųɶУóǰ¶֤ĵصһǨͨ仯󣬲ȷ·ӵĹ
ζڳؽƩˮȷغ;ˮƩھˮ޸ĥȹʩ޸լķã׼߹˵ġ
ȺѾռ°¶󣬸ûųþӪɱȡѵذǶɱˡ
ŻֻܳԳԺȺȡĥŮˣȴǮȥľ
вԶ߸߷ǰֱɾʱסˡ˰¶ôµĽȲ඼õ˱Ƚı
ھȫβİ
ȫչ飬ʽˡ
ò˵һ׵ɳȣüڰ¶ﾭӪĲжӾʵһ൱ɹ۵Ĳ
ô˵Щ˰𡪡͸õȥ
ؽ¶ʱǮҲһû
ˡȻ޺˷ӣ
еŵˣһƻõ飬سָĵطȥ
Ƥ˹ȴûиȥ
ԼķݺͲƲ¶ˣֱģǿޱĿĴʯ
ٵֻṩϡĴͽĹأҲûмôĹ
һò߰˸˸ߣſ˫ۣҲܱù
ûܵô
ǿʯǰˣͷȥ̵ʱסˡ
ŵǡ
ÿʲô
˹ʱһֱеӱİڲòŬˡ
ڲʬ˵£ǲʵġ
¼Ļƺֻ˺ߵĸ顣
ʲôأ
ԥʱĿȴԾһһɵضèèϡ
ɫ͡
֪ˡ
翵ļУߣһλ/
װèè񰡡
Ц˵㣬ΪҡΪǣһ𣿡
èo΢΢ͷԥص˵ͷ

ǵǳߵصףֺƤ˹ţο鱮ǰȻ£ΰĲƸ֮񡭡Ϊ·
֪Ϊʲô
ǴǰһΨͼֻΪԼƸġoȴʵ仰ķ
Ϊλΰèèʹþҩˮȹ
ҲΪĵ׵ţʹλĿΪ֪/ôʥĴڡ
ҹ
»ص԰ȴ˱ҪõöһĻĻİ¶ˣĬû¼˯
ǻɳʱĬؾۼݹĹ㳡ɻţ췱ǡ

̾š
ָҹգҲָ°¶ǡ
ǰ
ǿգǲ¶һ΢Ц
Ѿο鱮ǰݹȥļˡûܼ˵һ棬߲ûô̡
ıˣǰǰǶ·;ˡ
ٺ
ʣµģֻƽ͸ж
û˷֣ҲϣλܸӰĽ꣬Ѿ˺һ
Ҳû֪ʱԼЦӯӯһֳ򢣬һַɵشڴ̨ϣҲעžõǿա
ˡ
˵
ס
ȻָϵǣСڣ㿴Ǳߡһֻè
ʱ״ÿ뵽һЩͬ
ȴһ
Ѻ˶׷׳Ǵȥ
ءܿЦˣͬĻرܸŵµֻ
ԣֻرƯĽɫè
󻹸źöСǰ
ڶء
ϵСţޱȰҲŷɵЦݡ
ʹ⣬û֪ңԶ¡
ɹԭ͵ĽoΪİͽи׾Լְ¡
kϸצ棬סһܴˡã꣬ǣèצһſСԲһ
ֱǽ׹Ծظڵk
Ҫдź͵͵򱻵kҲգһצɢˡ
ںˡ
Щߵ궼¶ظԼ󣬵kĵ˿
ʵ̫ҪkЩʲôˡ
Ȼǵkûġȫó£kҲԥشӦ
kðΪԼ¶ĵЦݡ
ɫӹʣͬǣȺ
ǿoڷԽƬžĺҹգϢĵطȥ


132 
Ϸϵͳ趨ǿϢʱ䵽ǰ, ǵȵoĹ
ʵĽһУٿȻ۳˸ߴΡ
ûüͷͱkرסˡ
˫ۻסϸ, ΢, ȻؽͷҲͷϡ
ɵ̬ǵkΪɫèʱ
ݸԼϵͷˡ
ҲܵطԼ, ¶һ˿һĵִ
Ȼܸо, λèoȻܽ, ȴƵúСģŪ
ѹڼϵԴ, Ҳһ㶼ء

kȻ͵͵֡
ţ
ʶ̧̧ۣͷk
΢Ĵ, ڴһ

ת˲š
ЩʪǱһ¡

ʼٸɫ̹Ȼɫͫγ, Ȼһ㶼ͻϮʲôס
գգۡ
ضֻȻҪһΪèè, ¶˸ЩΡЩݵЦݣϢˡ
Ȼ̫ϰߵkǡδĺܳһʱﶼ޷ӦֻҪ뵽kʵһֻĴèè, һȻˡ
õkԼóº, è, 轱ǱҪġ
š
ʵͽèo΢, ˳ӵӦ, Ž˴ϡ
ǰkĴ, ۵ԹһĨ˼ɫ
ԭ
ġԡ
kĬؿİͽ۾, εϷϵͳ˯, ҲŵֻèƤo޷ʱ

ȥ¶µo˶ĵɤš
ĵɫתһŨķۣġ̵ζ
İİ
k΢
ٴǹkʶȵİͽĴ󣬵kУؽ˻УҲԵرۡ

ҪӲݵضʱ˶Ųɵɾ˵èè̿ͽ⡪¶ūǶеЩɡ
ǿôûԸ࿴һ۵ĻĲݵذ
ǰβݶҪκܾúܾãôֵأ
˵ӲݶȫȥֻҪڳСʱǸǸе˼顣
Ǵûйա֪ʶʸ񣬵λһУ̫汲֪ˡ
ʱûд¶ǵ˽̫ࡣ
˶ֱֻ֪ɢⵥһֲ£Ȼ˵ĳα΢ᵽˡ硱ֲ͡ĸΪ˲óѧ߱Ϣûûϸ
ңĿǰҪֲǡֱֲ߽͡Կɵģûд֪ʶиС
մһЩˣһݣôܱ¶ūأ
ΪǰԸ⣬ҲûκαҪκ˽Щ
ֽ׶Σֱֻ´ùȷЩָʾõʵͺá
ūóģҲ˼ͺ棬
ȥæڵĿѺɢ֣¶æųĸʱȷһѾ̤İ׼Ȼһˡ
ĸݵصȻɡΪ˰ģΪּĴĿģɴС¡
ڰ¶Ĵ
ĻһڴʮվеģҲǼ
ɽĻ
Ҳ˵¶ﱻٵüĿȫǣûʲôġ
ȫ󣬰¶ڻ֪״ŻǸ˱֮Ψֲѵء
ҪŤתӡ󣬻ÿɵĴ
ΪɵĴӲԻȥһ˲С
ҪĿ⣬ڶβʱ÷¶ײˣóǱĿշˡ
Ҫëļ
ڰʺҰⲥֵģ˳Ĵ󣬾ëˡǺߣֱƶľǣ෨ѡ
ȻëҲֱӲֵķʽֲϲıϾǴѮůΪǰʱ䣬ҲΪ˸ȥڵİ¶ǵĴ׼ڶ¶ǵ죬δѵذĴƻҲˡ
ϾִҲҪʱء£Ҫʱֻ
ǰ׼£رҲʮϲˡ
ȷһ£ֻҪɵĶ¶ֱܱ֤Ͷֲ˫£ð¶ĸҲˡ
ΪֻɴʼԭεĹܼ£¶ġ
Ȼһƴӵĸ˹ȴޱȼط
۰Ȱ˵˹ԳĬӦԡ
ȷԼ˵ԷҲֻͬˣΪŵʿ
ȻλʿóũºͨԱֵߣҲġ¶Ҳֻҹ·̣ʲô£Ҳü˹ȥ
Щź󣬰ٵʱ䣺ӣͳɳˡ
ɳ
ΰèè񰡣˵ļһգ
ˣ
˻ˣ
ԭɵظ˾ְˣһ¿
һֱæýŲմصķ¶ײ³ҵĹǣȲشëļ¼ȥ˳ǱӲͷƤΰ٣޾ϸææĿʿҲʱ䱻ʵġҪɳҪͨèèĿ顱ʣ˳Ǳ֮У¶дĺüӣҪ㱨һɼķȣԼڶ֡ڻڵĸĻ
ܵģоء
£
׼˽㱨ʱλֽĹ꣬ͼصһ˽˵飬Ѿˣ
ŶԷеʧٶ˹üͷݺһ塣
ظ£ǡ
ţʶԳ˴ּĦŽ
˵飿
˵ʵ̫ˣһʱûзӦ
䵽èèʱһ¾׹ˡ
Ư۾ٿȻһ鲻Խ¶ЦݣѯʵޣװİذҴĺϢѵǡΰèèѾݺˣ
׽Լ֣һֱԻݹֻרĶŰo΢˲ͷİء

kٴο
ǵģ
غԥظ˿϶Ĵ𰸡
ڸ˹Ŀ£Ǻܿ˹ǰһԼǡ
ع˹ŵѯʣ𾴵İ°ǷԸʵ׷ߣȥΰoأ
ҪӦ£͸оԼϵǵߣһ±ޱơ
ʱϵ̫ãȻ˸èèˡ
֪󣬱ףø˹ŶԷԺŴ·дšġoͣװèè񰡣ҵĽ͡ΪǸõسǵľǱزٵġҵȻԸֿϣܹģ/֪Ƿأ


133 
һЩ޲ýտҫ, ȴӹײǹӵܣضԼļǾڲġ
ʹ֪ԷҲϵóԼ, Ȼڼһλҡ
Դɺ󣬾ͣȣ̿༭ҡ廭ҡʦԼҵȶְں֪, ѹեüûһϢʱˡ
, ˡӽЩ翵Ľ⣬ûһʵϵıꡣ
ڰʳޡ˵ԶͶΪ¡Ĺ塣
ʲô¶, Ϊ, ֻҪ, ʸǱסһСʱ䡣
ĵʱҡ, ʱеЩⲻȥ, ҪȰʵϢ
ȴС
˹飬òʳÿ춼Ĺ, ҵõôߵɶȣ
ôһƬƧҲðظеԵ㡣
, Ӵֲڵ¡ĥ, Ӳõۼ
Լһֵ, ɱĹ, ôĿԵġ
Ĺ۲, ȷ, ȷʵʵݹġ
һλ˲, ʵ̫ˡ
ܰر͹, ʱദĵΪλŶյңǼﶼܳһλš
ʹ֪̤һȻķϵʱС
ҪļһĺãԺﻹܷģڱȶԵĻǰһС
С¿ĵģ˹ԭ΢üͷڻɿˡ
ɫؿһеĹأȴӭ˵εĶԷ׼һۡ
˹˱ۣͬʱ߬˽
ȴܲôˡ
ʱѪԡġ
¸ܵλŰײеĹܼɱȻΪûбȻűĺͳɾ͸УִԼİ˹ԼƷУչʾԼһʱ̡ýֵˣ
ڵȻҲûд˫ʯľޡ
ȷþûлŰصĵ
͹ƽݶߣǳһķ绯ĥǽ棬۸߰ȴ类ɰεģĲɫӲݴͥԺ
Щ׳Ϊ˹ȥʽ
ϵʯɵǽڲûбֱӷ޵ۺϵȵľ塢ȻϹܵΰèè񡱵ͽǵĹµıڻ棻ڱȽҪĵطֱӲ˱ȽϺʱʯ񷽷һĸҲġ
֧ҪṹʯȫǷš֮ʽ½˴ĥװΣһҲͻأʦȷķֲ£ԵϽ򣬷Ͻṹ߼
һֱжӵİأڰĴޱȵĵ󣬻߽ĵؼˡ׵硱Σܡ
ñ֮ǰҪ࣬Ұûѡھġλ˵ĲɫҲûȥµģǲˡûвĴģʽ
̲סһȡۣ̾ڰص˼롣
ˣǽҲͼˣĸ߼ʯıسã칤һƬƬҶ״ʯװΣ˴ϡ
ҶӣȻ͵йʵ֮ǰµĲɫóˡرĲõؽõú飬׺ɫϵƫҶӼ䣬ԵˣȻ˽õ崰Ч
εĴڣһҴСġͨԲԲⴰǰһ鱻ĥúܱİ͸ʯģΪƹߺͿ塣
Ϊĥüȫϵ£ҲʵĹ͸
ڸϣ䰼͹İӰҲԵọ̃ϡ
ֿɵ÷ʣһʯ壬Ҫ೤ʱ䣬ٳɱ
һü־ػش𣺡𾴵ĵ°ֻҪһöңܴӼ˹ͨȻҲķѡһλʯһܴʯ
ɱô󣬰۾һ
ԿǸҪľ糡̳ľסϡ
˿ûʶԼʹõԳԤ㣬鲻ԽҪΪšʡǮİأੲݵؿҫԼڳһЩʡǮСɡ
ǱʶҲλΰèè񡱣ūصûչֹԼ񣬲ϽκιĲ˼Ĵڡ
һλȱ/ôƽȥƺҲû̫塣
ȻýĵطҲûʡǮȥõĵز
ȴŵ̳Ǳ裬ôġ
ҲǰԴɺ󣬵һʽһֱĹ˽
Ҳʱˡ
˿һֱվԼߣʼնһɣ۾ûΪڡkһ۵èèݸҲŻİֽģôΰèè񰡣ӦҲġ
ػգգۣ˶סˡ
˹ҲѵԴԾؿСˡ
˵⻰ûж͡
֣ȻǣסˣЦȥ
£
˰Ļ֮⣬ҲƲסĲԭԵò԰׵ɫҲһΪǺˡ
ضŰıӰȫ̬˿ĭ˵ţ˼ǡ
ȻʱİѾۣǣo£΢Цſʼˡʹ
ޣװĲƸ֮èè񰡣ڻƽĳ£ĹԸҫҲֲԡı£ϵͽѰʧı˳صǣ»յҸ뽡Ļƽ䱦еﶼɳµɽ¡Ϫȡˮҫ۶ĿĿ׼£ɵġ
ҹݺתٻö˵ɤᳪʱߵҲĽo
ϵرۡԵ覵òʥõ̸裬۵׵ɫͣóԡ
ʱо಻ȥİҲھһظԼĺ˵˵ոβˡ
źûȱ̳Ҳû鱦
ۣĿЦ⣬˫ϵؽؿڡ
ͬһʱ̣Ҳ˽Ϸ𡰲Ƹ֮񡱵èèͳ˲ŵĹ
o£èèĽٿȻâ䣬ε˶鲻Խر۾
Ը㣬ʥĲƸ֮Ψһġߵèè񰡣ٰɣΪؽ˶հΰģ
߽
òϾɫ㹻ʯĳ߶¶΢Ц
ʱ
˶ޱһͳҲϣޱȵعǵĶ·ֱӺİ
ԸҪġ
΢΢һ㶡
ԭèèľ籾ûһ䰡
԰ӦʹһС⣬Ҳ˿ûзβ
ЦЦȻؽˣллĽ٣
oĵ£Ȼҫ貶ĿĽ⡣
Ǵ۰ϸգɢϣˮĽɫ˿
o˽ġ
ҲͬʱɢʥിĹâ

ۣ¶㱵롣
Ϊʹˣ


134 
Ƭ, ͨʹʩ¶ǻۣΪͽҸoȻĽˣ
Ϣļ磬ת˲͹α졣
˵λصġΰʰĲƸ֮, ڰµĸнʱڻ̲֮࣬ס¶˻Ȼı顣
ѽ
ôõϵغţ߸ϵoҲܵס׽/ɡ
ʱ˿, ΪĿһСǰδеĿеİоǸдһ
ƵĿסɫƽɢ͹εİĲգ˲϶࿴ȻĿһۡ
ԴʻƶĴ˶, ҽӴǼǣļ, Ҳֻ˵ɰͰ͵ġÿ᲻ƿ۾Ļ
ó׽İأÿμ¶Щ΢̬ͬʱ, ܵǿҵĳ·𳹵ضȵߵ
ڡ
ƽʱ˵ӡºƵЦŵģʱȴԶĳ侲
ѩ׵ѩļ, һ˿覴õ, ޳ϸ̬š
ڱˡȾɫʱ, һ˲ͱˡ
, µĴǺһϸܵĽɫ۽޶յ
ȻǴȱʹ, ݵĸ߰, ȴǶһ, ʥĹ뵵ĵõ㣬
˼ǣԴĲԵö޳Ǽٸ߹ңԶƷȴɢ̲סȥָϸϸĦȻĶĸо
ҡ
ٲŻҲ󲻳ľϾǴޱϲoָľˮӨ͸ʥ
سԵؿͫ΢΢
֪ܣʱʱֱǲڸòʹӵеģڡ
óϷعʯ£Сԡٹ£Ĥݵΰڡ
˺üΡȻһͬĿɿڴ֪ʲôӦǰڿȵϥ£Ŵʫ˴ʫ衣
ǰʱһڶϯԵʱܹ谮ĹԡҲֻѰУһλȫޱ߾òеʫĸ
ף͵Ĺ
ϵĽɫ˿ɱ̫߸ҪҫĿ
Ǿ¹Դգ˿Ƕʯ
Ҳ΢Цů
ϵoժȡһǳĵ˼䣬
͵ԣúڰΣùȻʧɫ
ˮҲ߹Ӱ۷ʹˮƽء
漣ȼϣ
ϵϨĻ棬ָȴӲ߬
k嫵޳ָkƫǳġ
ʥߣ̴oģԶʧȥ⡭
ðͷƤ裬ȴ¶ޱŷɫ
ʫ漰oҲޱ档
ͬĵطʱ̲סͷ
ĵصȰس׸󣬵kһصţ͵ġ
kе캵ãôǵkء
ͻأĻ˶һ
ֻаգգۣ΢е㲻̫õԤС
Ҫֹk˵ʱkѾˡ
׻棬kȻǿ񣬲á
ǵkģڵkĻ
kŲá͡ء
ǹŽӲЦݡ
ΪֱΣڶ˱ۡ
˴ͬⷬȻһҲ©ǾСǿ
˹Ƥݺݵ
Ѿлˡֻû뵽ƽʱܲԴǡƺܸߴ׾壬˵лʱȻôȻ
ˡ
̲סҵèèһۣȻ˵ţ졢Ҳѡһʵˡ
ҪеĻҪôǹȨ̳СΪԺõ֧ҪôѧԺб졢Ѫͳ֮ӡ
ȻɳҲһɸѡʽ
ɲҪѡһ߸ϵĻƿ̰ۺʹӡ
ҪѡȡԿ͡ڷ׵ĹͣΪȫ˷ġ
ҪΪΰèẹ̀ҪӵͨǻۣҪд͸е¡
ܹߵȽͶھƶʷƶΰҵ־Ըߡ
΢Ц˵Ϊ̣ҪĲΣա£ȴҲ¡ǶҪĴڣԸȱҲѡ
м˲ţṩĴˮƽİõؼȡ֬࣬Ҷ䡣
ÿ꣬ǶҪ¾һèèĿ飬Ҳνҵˣؼţǽм̡άԭĳݡ˳
ҪȶλϸߵĹԱȻҪҵĴ󿼲С
պÿʹЩϣΪƽİ¶ӦͨĿʲôԾ͹鵽һ𿼺ˡ
⻰һƴӵҳʿҲ̲סһ˲
򴽣ûסѯţ𾴵ĵ°¶ˡҪṩ鼮𣿡
š
ԥֻǰ¶ˣȹһʱ䣬ٶӡһ̲ģҪ̶ЩȤĻҲԳ۸ǡȻ۸񲻿ܱˡ
˿
ͬЩĸ˹ܼһۣɵùͼȰǵ£ǿΰèèҲǻ۰
ˣūҲԸţôҲˡ
ӦõɻܣϸţΪʲôҪеѧϰأ
ݸһЦ
ǻۣ
ǿôͶµǻ۰
ͶǻۣȻҲҪصͶȥô޳ܵռء
ҳϵʿ룬ûнֻ̫࣬Ц˵ţǲʳ׬ȡ󡣼ȻĻҪе˼Ŷӣʲôôأαèè˵ʰмα͡߼αݣǶɡҵ졣
źǣ鼮ļ۸ѹ̫͡ģעƶū
ңסūǣҲû˵ѧϰ
ǻϣ±޷㣬Ͼȥѧϰ֪ʶء
ѧˣҲܱĹʵʩֺ˵أҲǵ
ҪġҾԣС壬Ը⽫ϵ֪ʶ޳ūĻȻּɵġ
ɢȥǻ
һ죬ܳΪȼյĻأ
ռ֪ʶСΧڷ߽֪ʶκ˵档
һ˴ŵС˽ģҲΪµеƫ㣬ܰõĸ߽˲š
ͲţڽӴα󣬻˲ԡмαݸе档
ͷƶ־Ըߡţ̵Ļ⿿ѡαù족ڴѾƵϺ˲ĳɾͣ޷ﵽı׼ġ
Ǿø˹ɸѡһʱϣȽ＾Ĵ󿼺ʽְΡ
ҲζţǸڻûӰġмαı׫쵽ǰˡ
ʹаصĴЭڡαµĻǰԴٲͼĸܼ˵ռȡΪġҲΨһһдαϵʵݡṩ֪ʶˣ뵽ü޵ߺӴĹ͸еһͷ
ɡ
üģƵٿʼ
Ȼûѡʱߣһƻʵèèϣһ㶼ϻ˵ƻ͵ԵĶ
ŰǻصǱ󣬾Ϳʼ½ӼŸָ㱨ķ¶ˡ
Ŀǳܿ촫ɵġĿµ񽵣ת˲ӭ˵һȵͽ
;ܼȹһȴҪɵĻơܵūͬԣµһСҲûʲô˵ġ
˵ĿУԶԶûͱжֻΪһλΰoĿҪҪ
ԴԴϵ£һȱèڻÿ춼ṩһöޱҪĽһֱɢ˾ηâ
ʹֱޱȵֻǾһƳ
ǻǺܿ췢һ㡣
ΰϵèè񰡣ƺеĸߴ׳ֺΰʹ˻˼ӵľòţЩͬ
Ǻܲͬ
Ȼ¸һٸӣҲ˵ơƺ̫Բɰˡеʹèѽû뵽ôСֻĻ
ʵϣ뷨ֻԺðһССͷͱԼˡ
ϣڼݵĲ󣬾ͺȻؽһС
Ȼˡ
èèʵ̫ɰˡôʱ䡢ŽڳȥҪԭ֮һ
ɳװ˼ĵӰϷչֳҵ죬ôϷϵͳҲٽȱʯ¡ҲԼİ
Ȼèo⿴ÿ߶߶ĻϣðһֱڷԼ
ôõͷҪһЩرС
뷨Ը󣬼ԭĿʾˡ
˶ԡèè񡱵ĳ羴ﵽһ̶ʱòǷoɭϿɲҲͲҪˡ
ڰھǸܺõʱ
̬ķչҲԤϵ˳ǰȥoˣȻٵһ£Ŀùô񼣡ҿ£ûһ˿һ
Ǵؽˡèè񡱵Ŀɰò
һжֻˡ
ʲô
ʵ
ʳرдšмαɳڻƻʱȥɢɢµһʱͿһ֮Ķ
¢¢СƬūܾ
ڷһʯģǸޱȾ¡ƴľ
̲סϸ鿴һ
ΪСľС񡢹ڼʮֳ
ΪÿȥҪ̰ǰȥٵǮƣΪĹǼҵķĹ壬Ҳÿ춼ȥ˵ƽˡ
趨èèߵĿ·߰
ʲôգҲֹūԾݸûƵϵҪ
ΪʲôҪСأ
˿ûע⵽ĵʳʱΧū¶ľ顣
һСר־شֻСľ̲סɻü
ԣⲻֱвè̵ġ
ȻèèβĿףǸΡ
ˣľϸĵ¡ӵһͷ˳ľ
ԭŵ΢Ц̡
ɣ


135 
ԴðǸͷ, ô͹Сľ񣬶Լ
ֻǴèèβ޶档
˼գգۡ
ʵںһ˳ޱȵūͻȻ˽, ġ㣿񻯣һĹŹ
Ϊ˷ֹֻʶ³ֵĴ, ɵÿ۸˹, еľ˹ȥ˹, 㿴ʲô
ɫĹֻܼɨһۣԭ͵ɫͫһ¾ͱˡ
˭
ĿѲһܣɤͳ, ƽġ
ȴ亹ֱðĿֲơ
ڰūѾŵعһأûһѪɫˡ
˹˱ۣԼվ
ЧͼӰ
˳ſ챻ŵûɢūǵĹ, ׺ܿͱųˡ
ء
εؿæŸмα廭ң˻Сľ񣺡Ϊʲô£
Ҳǡ
ôµգʹûĿ, ̬ҲԵ, ֻǰصֱˡ
ؿֻСľ񣬵Ҳסˡ
ڸ˹Ƶı, һͷڨڨЦ¡
΢΢һЦ, ĵ˵, Ʊ硣
أ
оܿʵʵؽԭί
ԭ˵Ŀ, ôΪǴҸõʹ, ҲӦoһܵͽĹ
ΰġèè񡱵Ųɵ, еϺΰͬ㣬ûиеʧ
ûпʹĵȴʧ䲻ѡ
ʹʹңҲȫӦӵһϯ֮ذ
ΪʲôµĹأ
ζ޷ܡ
󣬲֪˭Ľ顣
ﾴݰµĻ磬밢ش˰æɣ
Ȼèèʹߣoľˣʹ˵ϣȻӵˡè͡èβo
ûеõǸ˹£ǼȲңҲΪԼĿǰĵòģɴݱĿհס
粨˰΢΢Ľ𷢣ȳƵ̬򱻿̵
һʼֻǾá˹èβͣҲͦȤġŶѵõϾʱ䣬
ȴû뵽Чôá
ʹûûٵҲ˽Աⱻ翴˳۵ĸ˹ϳɡ
ȥֻԸʹ͸ϲūǣǷƵﶥĤȥˡ
갢µĽͺ󣬰ǳ˳顣
˿ЦãǿЦá
شͷɥر˹ʱ˹֮ûаνΪʮԼС˻õ϶Է۽ɲ׽һ߳Ĭèè֣ѸٽֻСľˡ
ǱӦ
˷
νèߣ˺è֮
Ȼ֪˲Ƕ磬ǳֿĻͲǿӲˡ
ȻеʮΣھһǺ󣬻ǲ׼ֹһ
Ͼܵõʵİ㹻֤һֱķƶõϿɣӦǼֵøе¡
СľѾèèߵ¡
װֻ֪ڣԼûˡ
ְû׷ε˼󣬰Ե˿
һǵȷɻ󣬶ҲΪתƻ⣬ǼװȻ
ΪʲôҪĸظ˱ݸȻΪ˴ٽǳµĸϵ
˿ĸٴģƲѲҪֲ
Ҫƶʱ͵þܵضڳҪڵ㹻
֮ôСǵ˺ǵĸϵӰǵĺ
ðػǼʾͼϣȴҪͽְε֮һ֮ĸ
سɵǣ𾴵ĵ£Ϊʲôܱԭĸϵ
ﲻмؿȺҪôȨƵеĹİоҲ뵽Լ˹̹һ졣
ٱˣαֲֳ֪ʶ󣬶л˽⡣
οǣȣαı׫УΪôͼİˡ
֪оͼȡ֪ʶʱ̲סʳĻ
ĺѧеּɣϸϸؽԭ
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ĻϵпܵȲѶֲʱѾȻϻˡ
ҪϻϵжֲĻĳЩϵĺɻܵƣֲϲӶĲ
粦ֱӼָϵ30׵ļжֲ
Ȼеũֻʺë˺ͷѵȡ
밢רʱһֱһߵoȻ̧̧ۡ
ԭɵֱͦkƫͷеؿķ
ͻȻľٶ󣬸˹ɵͶȥӵĿ⡣
ȻûʣλӢߴȴޱȳĬĽ𷢹壬һԲص˵ͷ
Ȼ˵ԭ򣬵˹ȴ漣һ˼
Ҫŵ
ҲǸ˹ϣġ
΢΢üûжʣֻĿŽͻȻ뿪ܾЩŹ֡
ΪʲôùŹ֣
˹룬ΪԼóĴ𰸳һ
񣬻ǵһο뿪Сµߡ
ʵϣoȫȫԶһͷͱ任Լλõġ
kѾǸߵĵkˡ
ȻôһŵΧˣðеյġ
ֻҪ֪һ㣬kһ㶼ȥˡ
Щ鷳kеżʵʵաˡе
ΪũæʱڣūڵҲæԼƣֻɢɢļˣĿ
ֻҪoԸ⣬kԲκ˲Լĳ֡
뵽Сˡˡߺ󣬵k㲻˼ػһŽ̬
kһӣ͵ǰ
ǰƮһźΨ沿ޱȲ԰ףԵʮֹΡ
Ҳ۳ɵ塣
㡣
ǵɫӰȻڣɬơ
kһԲҲεظλ֮Ͷš
ԷҲһ㶼⣬ֻԹԵشŵk˫èͳèβͣȤ͸оˣһλǿƹܲƸôѹ֡
kȻڣֻһ˲˲ؿŶԷ
Ӱȴо˵kŨĵ⣬ںЦЦҵ֡
ս֮Ϊѣִo
ᣬҶõȤʼ磬Ϊ˼ߡԼְصo֮һkɱȾһЩϰ߶˵ҲԼĶ⣺ֻû뵽µġͬ顯ԸôĵطӻһȺΪǶС
Ȼֹ
ڴڵkֱƵǻЦʱľȻǰδеոУ
k㵵صɴۣδľʹŤȻջ֡
ԭҹŨīڱ̡ɫġȻһֲĴ󶴡
ҲǵkԴ֮һ֡
kһ³ȥ۵׾ؿͷβһֶûжԼ˵oڷŭصͺţЩʲô
k޷ǰĻ档
ʹԷִƵ㹻λ֮λĲƸһְΪoԷעٵÿôܱȵϵk
ͬo䣬Ҳûзκι£ڵϵ׾ٵ˵kɵģ
kѾ֪ûֱܹˡ
ֵèĲƸ֮ڵkʱޱȵĿȴָĪ⡣
kŭţһֱζԷ˵ԻèoʱЩɻͷ
ǵkġ
ȻkʵǺͬ࡯ңǰܰЩС֡ͨᡱ
èo΢ط
k۾Σյ𣬲ûѡֻͣؿ˿ڡ

kʶģİİһͿ˵š
ɢèŻûӦޱȽýǰһˣԶԷӦĿ١ĲӬһצӺ˹ȥ

ʱһξ͵˴ʮգҲɳǾٰ촺ӡ
ΪǴ໹·ϣڽļ½ϵĵһ죬ӡ
һȴͬ
һЩȥＯŽӹūһѵİ¶ˣȻ˵
ǵض˻ֱڹ㳡ӣкɹͬʱɫųĺʷݡ
ЩǼҴҵ󣬵Ϊµķչʹع档
̲˺ٰ촺Ĺ㳡ʱȻ֣Ѿһˡ


136 
עĿ̶, һͬڴһ͵ִɵ˹׷
ֻһͷĶһۣզذͷŤ˻ߵľ̻ͱȶ̾ô֪, ȥ궬׸Ҳּˣ
Ȼгǵĳ׸ǵҲߵúܽ, Ȼ˵ū˹׷Ķ
֪Ϊϲһǵĸ׸ǣһҪūġǴƬƬķָҪū, 񶼸еڼһū﹤ǽٸڸ׸ǵĴˡ
֪ͬ, Ǹ׸ǵλʮġ
һë, ҲԲ붬ǰū㹻ȫҵʳ
öЩãȻ֪ū, ˵̵ȡᡣ
˾ȥūȴǵһμҪĴ
ѵû˵¶ǵ𣿡
ʱܲѵĵظţĶȥ׸ǵİ¶ˡ
ңȺĿæ괺󣬾ҪǱˡ
ǵġ
ڻȺһΡľūֵĿˡ
ū, ЩǱġͬЩƽ, Ϊ֮, ʧȥ˲Ʋˡ԰Ҫɡ
ֻҪ΢һ, ԼҪǸҵľеĻѡʲô, ͸еһëȻ
϶ܲ˵ġ
ǻ, 𣿡
ʼ硣
û뵽ǻѡɡȶ̾˿, 뻳һ, ЩʧΪūĲ˸еͬ飺һΪǻὫгȥ
гΪλڸ׸ǱвҪ֮һԶɳҪö࣬Ǿ΢Զһ㡣
Ϊû뵽𣿡ָָĵӣһ˴ų͸ūгǱȥˡ
Ҫɵģֻܶ࣬һС֡
˵ָָ㣬ԼŻ⡢Ƕۣ֧ȴͷβһƬš
ûκηӦ
ɫľؿŵ棬ظǰŲţ˩ŴֲڵĲ˩Ķ
ְ֡
иݵûʣ⣬ԵԴرСȻڣСظǰİְְ͵˵ţϲ
ûЬӡ
ΪͼūǾҲ䴩Ьˡ
ԭȴڽϵһ˫ܶɣ类̷ūӵʹӸˡ
ԭ۵ĽŰױϵʯĥƣѩ϶۵ġ
һЩʱ۸ʹģǶ׵һܲĽޱȣʱֱǺ޲ýŶ
ûҩҲϢ
Ϊ䵽еǷǳҪýʸ񡢵õıӣζԸһвƲȻҲȫ׸еˡ
ûܹôµڼʹͷ·ԶĻ£˲ǰĶ졣
ܰˣ˵ϼ룬ͽôãҲûĥơ
͵ûлظ
Ϊù˹µ鲻õʱһͷı̢
ǸУ촽ˣֻҪһڣ۵˺ѷΡ
ûеõְֵĻظСҲƺѾϰˣԹԵشΧС˵ţǵĵغƽøɾҲ
㳤ٺļ룬ʯѻǷǻʮĺӸеġ
⣬Ķû˵
ūӵġੲݡЩü
ԥţҪ˾һ٣ǾôŹʱǰ˽֡
Сã
ײҵ󣬾ֱǰȥˡ
ӹһٱ޴СȴûһоһȻԼ
ڸְֶԻǵǵĵػûֺءɣ
ǿʲô䲻˼۾ٿȻˡ
ŲҲȻͣ
һͻأľͻȻͣµĽŲǵߵġߵ˵ע⡣
ľľؿһۣʶ˳ķȥ
СʱҲع񣬲֮ǰ״̬Źˣ¶ôһƵǸ˵Цݣ˵ţְֿ쿴ǿƤ壡м޸磡գ
һе˶㶡
Ҳˡ
һԭΪȥܡϤİһϤס
ʱ䣬Ƿ·ȫ˹
ôĶ߰㣿
ǰĻ˹׷Լ˺Ķؿͣȥ
ǵһɣ׼λ˵еĹ
ΪԼΪһΪ˴̽һΪūɲκβ
ʹҴ뿪ˡ
ֻܿϻЩ˼飬㱨ɧҵԭ
ɣ䵽ɣ
˹׷ЦôǸ׸ǡǲµūøԼݣ
ˣǣԥ˵ǵǵļˡ
𡣡
˹׷һüڵЩȤˡ
û뵽ǮĶӵɣȥ׸ǵģȴһ10ҵıֻ֤Ϊū⵰
ζ뵽ѡ˽ɴߵûȡһöͭҵķá
λ¿ϲҪɡ
˹׷룬ҿɲɢɢ׬Ǽҵ󡣰Щ˸ߡ
ͺԥӦˣǣ¡
ֻȥĶУ˵ǰ֮ǰס£ҲҴҵظɻˡ
ԼȺ£ϵĺⶼͨ죬ԥسȺ¡˳Щū˵ūû뵽ǿܱԼݡ˱ӣݺݵ˦˹ȥ
־ɣһ̻ΪɢôõϲᡢֻŸӵȴûзİ¶ˣкüӴˡ

ǵҽг

ǹȴûоʹס֡
ϰŰ/ȺūȻЩɵū鿪ˣûзŹ˵Ⱥū˼
Ⱥɵļ֡
˫Ŀ죬һ߿ر޴ǣһš

ūϰԵضͷۣܵرԼҪĲλʱȴߴһĲҽ
ǡ
ŵۡ
͵Լǿµ˿ڣѿڶģ
ڵʹطģȻղŻſĹ£
ϲ֪ʲôʱ˼ǿȫ͸ֱۡӵȻȫڵء
ʱﻹܵǣֻرѪעһߴһ߰ѡ
˭˭ģ
;˵ūǲͬΪ˹׷ЧǶ˻ң鼱µţҳס
ǵķӦȫ෴ǣԶڸͷϡֻĿĹӰʱ¶˶鲻Խظߺ˳
ǡ˭
Ϊūסˣš
ǡ
˻ûüһϣֱ˸о˱߰Ŀ־һ˲
ɡ
Ǹղ˺ģˡ
ΪСµʱȡķʽǿЧɱȺɧҵߵĸ˹ʼޱġ
ɫͫʱȴ˸ѹֵŭ
˵֡
мһ˶˵ʲô΢ۣ


137 
What
͵Ļ㱨, ˹׷亹ৡؾˡ
ﻹڳҲƽʱװģҪ˲Ƶȥ
ûüͼǰһޱȽýش, ֱкͷȥˡ
𾴵˰, ʩһʱ, ˹׷Ľ, ˲ϱ˾۹, һ·ܵͷص, Ͱ͵ȫЩ˵Ű˹׷Ը⽫Щġ
ˡ
⧲Ĺĸ˹ü, ۵׵ɱˡ
ɤѹü, ǱͷĵĥʯϻżŵͷƤĴϣҪĶ󡣡
˹׷ĺһϡ
һǰδеԤӿͷ, ̧, Ͽ, ٿȻ
˹ŵ̵, ԳƵӢ
˹׷۹￴ԷѾʮˡ
ɫĶ̷۾ŭҲܸ˵еġʹáմߡ
ģʲô
պͻͬʱӿ, Υǵͨ, ĿİʮʮֱǸ, ԭҵʧ񡭡
ˡ
һö, ʫ˶ҪԲλɤȻ֡
Ƥ¡ҶԵ޹ʶӵ, ȻǸеŭġ
ʹ˹׷Ļ̬ҲʲôЦ
졣
һƥͨ崿סûһ˿ɫĸߴϵĽ䵭ظһ鸣˹ղŵţֻƵĿܵõӭҵ޶ðֹģǶ
ȻǶͽ⵽
ĵòУ˹׷βŻعͷǡǵģ˵ٶԲˣ
ؿǸƽʱΪԼЧ͵ˣ˲ǿ׳ȥȴһ㶼ûг˼
ΪҴҵūӣȻһ˴޴͡
ֻΪǸ²Ĵλò˼Ĺ˶Լĵһӡ󣬾ʹ˱û͸ˡ
ʱİ粻һǰԷҲĴͷʱĴԥˡ
Ǵ죬Ұʳļڡ
һЩ˥ūܿвݸֱеȥǸΪʲôԣ
ڲеȥ󣬻᲻ᱻɣֻʲôʽɣǷ񽫵õ츲صı仯
ʲôϵأ
ֻҪǰάԼĳľλȨͳ˻ʵİˡ
ұ˵ֺȨʱǶСΪûƬ˷
Ҫ˶ݵĻλǣͳ˱Цˡ
˴³קʱ֪ôҵ˻ᣬµ಼޷޵شţԣЩ˸ˣǰ¶ˣūݣ
ôܴȥ޴ˣ
Щǰ¶ˣķɳͷ
⻰һֱ̻̲ظӵŵİ¶ˣɱ¶ı顣
ǡǵȷˡ
ڵһǿˣ˲ǿΪūҲֱӳΪƽ
ȻᶨҪҲ׼˲ܶôϿĿ顢ҪͨɵΪֹ֪ΰèèήĿء
ûгֻǵؿ˸˹һۣ΢΢ЦЦ
ΪҪԷҲȫõԿڽ͡
˹˲⣬һǰ
˸ǰʱֹ߬޵ұۼԥһ޳ȥ

뵽Ȼᰤ͸ǧһޣ˵Ƥ˺ѷεزҽţ
ԼȥΪūң˹˿ûж򼸱޵/ǵ㵽Ϊֹ
Ѿڼȿ£Եɰ¾ͣͷ
˹ȻᵽСǸ΢Цĺ塣
Ϊɵļνͣʩس͡
ΪʿΪ˺˵ǣǲм費Ϊֵߵġ
˹׷ƤȻһ
ֻһޡ
ѹԵǿƣǹܼҷֵĲӰܵ˲סҡ
ʲôˣ˹䳹һܺؼֻҪõɣشɵĳ߽ҽסլɵϡͽõΰµıӻ
ԶһգգؿǵõƻõӰȫ᲻ƿߡ
ʹˣ
ʶĶ·ڲ
ǵһμôƯˣƯĶǣ޷ƶȥ档
겻֪죬æƿŵλҳϵĶް粽ػ˵Ĺܼϡ
һг䶨ٺ뻹ʱ
֮ǰ״βͬŲúؾ۵Ŀ˹׷ķȥˡ
ֻҪԸū£ǵȲٳҪã
ΪһˣҲȫԸṩһЩ
Զȥˣ޲ʶԼ߬յֵж
Բա
۵ض£ձ֣ͨǸ粻á
ȴһ仰ûбԹ
۾ģܶµرסİĸ磬һ߰οĸţһ߸˵˵磬͵٤¸綼ˣ
ǰ
޵ɫ鲻Խ¶һĨ΢Цû뵽ܼǡ
ȻΣұˣԶҪ
ǵ˵ѡɡõʹӻܴӴʰ¶һ
δϣǵľҲǰġ
ˣȷһֱǡ
ǻûͨ飬ˣֻҪƬϣǾʱ޿̲ܵʹ˵ά
뵽ʹʥӰһЩ̣ΰɿһҪŬͨ飬Щرˡ·գ
Ȼûеõʾز·µġαпܸǽҪܵĿкܴĹϵ
ûϵҲ⡣
ܼȡ֪ʶȱⷽ;顣
¶Դ
˵ûܶѽ
ҲϲЩġα
뵽⣬ɵ߬˼޵䣬ߵС˵ţ磬쿴Ǳ飬ҽ°ɣ
ͬĶԻںܶԭ¶˼䡣
ֿмŵˣʱУ˼ʲô
˹ߣǱȥ˹׷̸ūˡ
û桢Ҳûߵִū㣺ײǻ˽ǧʱ̶ģٽߴĶҲ΢΢ĽײĿܡ
ûһС
Ŀǰģڱ˳Ӧͬʱܵظū滷׼;ṩѧϰ֪ʶԴ
ڲȱͶ¶ȱ
ҪطūĻҪڰ϶Щ˼ԭ԰¶ūʺͻذ¶ˡ
ֱӻָǵƽݣдƹɣڵūҲƽ
ٿǵĴͻָݵżҪǱ߱һ⼼ܵĻ͸ˡ
ūºܺý
ＯϵĴڵɲȫƵϽ˹׷Ҫ׵λʨӿڣȻֻ¼ū㲻϶Ŀ
ʱȻʲô
û۽Ҳûв׽κȴطЩͬ
ʶس࿴ȥ
Ȼ
廭ʱͷһк뿪¡ȥҵֻèoʱµػˡ
ضһ顢Ŀơȴװ·oһ
Ĵ
kϵȷմһЩܵĺ
Ŀ⻺ơ
ţࡣ
kȥʲôˣ


138 
Ÿôѯèèղŵȥİ, ˿ûʶǡڼǰŸͶԷġճԡء
ȴȫϰ˵kԼӰ룬ΪkеȻ߿, еЩɻ󲻰ˡ
, èoˡ
kࣺղ, Ǵˡ
İ֣Ŀ¶ãȻ𣿡
èèĻ, ԭɵһ½
kһػش𣺡񡣲ҵѡ

ֱˣüͷ΢΢
Ҳԡ
Ȼſں߳ġèè, ʵڵġǱеĳŷŵ/ҲĴڡ
һ±Щء
˲ʡ񡱵, ǰЩ߰ĹڡսѧƷ, ĵһӦվŵèè
һϸţһѯʣװèè񰡣ңͻǷܵ˺أ
û뵽ķӦ, kٶ۵գգۡ
kʵʵվ, ʱֵ̧ͷ, һֻŪ˲ŻᶯһĴżһİͽΪk״
һֱŵè䲻֪ؾ, ΢΢š
kһ˲˲ؿæµİǺԾ΢΢, شţгͻ, ûˡ
˵, ǶԷ
õ˿϶Ĵ𰸺󣬰ǾΥЩҵ飬Žƽ
ǣסèè֣ºԳ£Ž˾λƹߵΪʲôͻȻأ
ڸoϦദСʹûд̽Ҳǵõص֪ʶ
̺ǻۡ
ְظҲÿһӦoġ
κǻ۵壬Ϊṩ֮Ȼࡣ
ʱoѡ½磬ΪиеȤҲΪȹ
o֮ĶѶʹۣʧȥһλԼϵͽҲ䡣
ǻ᲻˥䣬ֱʧȥһ볤õĳߡ
ںܾúܾǰһнλͳšλӵǿޱȵܻЩʧȥͽ˥Եo
kᣬ˽
kῴֱkȫƿԼkĵλãΧĽŵkŽᵽӽkλõo
kǹâʢԶ紺ʢʤĻ䣬΢ȥů
kϲõ廨ΪkÿһõĻܼʵһλ
kγΨһķɵֻ֮ǽkҲӲ̰
kĵشԼ嫵ֳһЩ֮ЩСoѡ
ʱèè񽲵ɵöλῶе׽
ڻš½oֻвʮλˡ
ȴΪ֮ûǲһЩĵĽͽжȡżڵĿռ䡭
º͵չЩСںܾǰԵ޹ʵĳ˯
˵ǳ˯ʵֻĽŵkǵΡ
û֪ΪʲôȻա
ǳƽٷ죬ԭֵ򣬾ǰδеĶͿֻС
ĵͳĹҲ˱
뻨᲻ֹʢĻҲ˵лǿʢҲһ̻㡢֦Ҷήܡ
ʧķ쫷硢ζڽĺüİŹڵأ֮ҲûЦˣյĴƷݡȡСǣǵԸ˯ߡ
kԸ˯ǻΣҲǳΨһġͬԸڵkǲټȡ
ս֮磬ԼĲ飬Ų뿪ֻҴoϢ
õkʧǡҲûпˡ
ôͽõŬǻȫԸϵǡֲֻС
ôǿʢôܻϢͻȻأ
ΣԽԽoҲ׷ŵkĽŲ˻ǳáԶĳߡ
kеĻ£ѡ½硣
壬һҲûҰܶš
ѾܾûгֹǴ˯ˡ
֪Ϊʲôλʼճ档
èèܵõϢҲֻôˡ
ΪèèΪΪѹok֪һУʱȡļ䡣
ɢʶܼȡĻ棬ڻo޼kȡݣҲ˱ٵÿ
ʹܺ棬kҲԸ𡭡kλ˾ְʲô㣬ں˽״
⣬kЩ۶䣬΢ػش𣺡ǸҲ֪
kĲ֪
ΪʲôûĴ򣬻ͻȻɣ
kֻ֪Լʱĺ
ǰЩ¶Ѿһ˵õӻһȺʱkǷڵˮһޱ̣ޱˡ
k
Ȼ˵šͬ顱ȴģ˵ЩĻĴ
ûеõ룬̤Ϊk׼ַ˵kصĴڣӦñϳȥ
ԵkһצѶԷˡ
ʼ˴ô뱩ŭǹҲԼģǡ
֪kʲôȴؿǶèĵ۳˷ɻ͸ĽɫҲ͸¶ɥɫ΢ţһ¾͸ˡ
ûˣҲûռ˰ɡ
ǵɰèè飬ʱ׷ˡ
ЩҪˡ
Цװèè񰡣ܼƽµػصʵ̫ˡղͻȻ뿪ң治֪жൣء
ָոϵk΢ĲգkȻظ˸ֻ˺ܴίĴèһҪİ
ĽҲȷ˵kԸ
ܱЩƲȥĺ
ǿչ˵ģİĽɫèմ̴Ļҽ㣬ۺȻأȴƻԭĿ
Ӧ֮ǰѾʹ֣ĸƬĺ
ף
΢ȵۡ
Ȼĵˣ
ѵˣèèϵģλдµӡֻۣմۻ

չţèoۡ
ûɵǣkҪڴè̬緢ֵġࡱˡ
kôԼĸݸһЦ
ɴk˸ȫ׷񡪡kЩԼܿԵر۵ĺȫ˸ɾ
ǣ㸧ŵkĲգ쵽ȵĶ䣬˳˳ֱĲ¡
ֱƲסܵèoŸ߸βʹս˵ؿס촽Ϊֹ


139 
˯ǰ, ϸ˹Ǹ顣
֪èèװɵ㶣ɵ㶣֮ˡѾˡסԼǿĻ, ûܵõϢ
֪èèܴӳʼＳȡĳ˼⡢֪ʶ, Ȼڵk浥һ۵ġ
ˡ
һ̱ڴϣ۾壬ֻһճ˵δèèԼ
˼ޱ߼ʵطɢš
תͷȻˡ
ԼֻǸСܼ࣬⣬Ҳûбѡˡ
ȥġԺ᲻սġȫΧ鷳ҲֻѰնѡ
ε¼, ǸӼᶨԼ϶ԼΪȷķչ·ˡ
ΨһģҲبŲġ
Ǵ˵ǺҪ嫵, Ե޹ʵ䡭ʧ١
ϷϵͳȻҪÿס
ԭΪԼΪoĴ, һ߱ԡ㷲һʱ䡣
ȴû뵽, ھͻ¼Ĵĥ, ֻ΢һСעͱȫתˡ
Ǿǡмαı׫
λ˾ȻòżӰӵĲиŬ, мαڴʮգҲǴǰһˡ
ҹս, غͷ¶˵ĺȦŨصīˮ軭ȥһء
߶ʱǣӦٻ, ɫ԰׵ûʲôѪɫ, ֻйصܼǵķӦ
ûаԹԡ
û, ҲûС
Щ˶ۿ𺳵ǡݳߵİ£Ѿҹһֱսڰǰֱ׵ػ赹Ϊֹˡ
ÿһĻӳĹĹܼҸ˹ҪһϿĥ
ʹС͸һȫ޷˵ǡ
ԴӵһۿС»赹ʱĻΪǿҵĿ־Щֹͣ
ȻӲָһ߷·׼Ľ𷢹һǰȵؽʧȥʶסˡ
Ҳʱ˲ź֪ߴͦĽ𣬾ܲûʿһĿȻĽ˶ǣȴǴþˡ
ʹݣҲǳԣ޵ᡣ
˹ֱС¡ܶԺҲͬʱֱֻۡ
ȴֻұۣͽˡ
ǰƽʱֻɫèʱһ޷ȻĶգۼͱϵͳǿ˯Ľ뻳С
⿿ұۣȵס˵ֺػסıԼĻ
ҴȻȥˡ
ɨ˴һۣеر˻ҡ
Ǵع󣬱㻳ζӳµ飬Ŭˡ
ı⵹Լȥ˯Ϣñͨҵ
͸˹˵赹֮˾ֱȥǱޣټ
ȴһ¡
ĿôϸˣΪǡȺȫ֪Լô˵ĴͨĿ飬ÿ춼۹ֱ赹زǡʹи˹ܼҵ뿪ңҲþ޷
ôİõȥ˯أ
˶Ĭѡ͵͵ٲֵĹص
ǵȻù˹۾
λĹĹܼȨ󣬲ûֹ˽ЩС
Ȼǵ飬˽ǵĶ
Ҳ֪ǵСġ
ЩǷͨ顢ܲܳԱúûţ߹Сº޹ϵ
ƫƫò˼С£޷Ƿֲ
ȻǰµԸֹ˵ԸֻЩΪˡ
ʵϣϢİֻҪһعݹȡ
Ϻãװèè񡣡
ڵһǰ׼ʱһҹεĽĺá
ϰԵ֣һؽʵ
ָ΢ļ˲䣬ͱҪ˯˹ȥȻĴһ¡
ִèʽǣͣȣϰˡ
һһЦ˵ҲҪ鷳ˡ
èoص˵ͷš
ΪǻԵµĳ˯ûܻҲʾֻп50%
ʵҲɻΪʲô˯ź󣬴ûٱèèûܰأ
˫ɫ۾Ĵ࣬ʹʳڵ뷨
ʧȥʶԵʣϷϵͳͳƵԵʰɡ
èϵĶůԼ˼ӵݳ޵ķſʱ䣬żɨһһߵľָ
Ȼ
ΪèèƳ籦ĴԽԽָ࣬ٶҲԽԽˡ
Щȶ
ƣȴѵõ͵һ⣬˸СǷ
Ƿһ̣ԭƽȻľͻȻϴһСء
ʲôԭ
Ȼ棬оèèܻشɴûˡ
ӵѾȫ󣬾ʹèèȥϴ䡣
ˡʵҲڴú»صУ׼һ𹲽͵ʱ䣬һ顣
鲻룬պܻԾһ˼·һֱŵ΢ɡ
Ҳ˼һֱϴתŴΪ˯ز㡢Եήҵ顣
¶һ߷żƻӣһ˳һߵ嵥ѯʣ硭һë귢ȥ𣿡
ɵ¶ĵ·ʮǰ깤
ٶȴӰִ˵ĽǶȿȻƵǺˣȫ޷𣺲Ϊ˷ĹǮΪ˱Ķ󣬴·ǰ¶ƽΪ͹ѾʮֵŬˡ
࣬Ҳ
϶ѩءչʱʱҪΪӶͣ
Ҳ·˽СʯԽϪƽʯӡߵҰݡ
ô಻Ŀ͹Ӱ£ڴʼǰɣѾˡ
Ǽ·޺õͨеٶɵõʵķԾԭҪҹĿ鷳·ֻҪҹ
Ļһܵˡ
ʽƽĵ·ĳ֣ȰģǴɡҡ䡣
ɵл˴ĶѷʿãǰֲµĲзʱѾ¡ûռݵĿռ䡭
Ҫõ겢ֱ࣬ӲֵЧҲ
һƽٵİ¶Ͳͬˡ
Ǳ߸ɳڿѡ⿪ġˮĹϵͳ̲ľҷʵҪǰù
ɲȥáʱԶֲ꣬õ㹻ⴺͺȼü֮ˡ
¶ϽлΰèèѾָʱȥˣ𾴵ĵ¡
ܺá
ڡꡱϴ˸ʼһ⣺¶һɳȣ
һʳĶ죬ڽ͵ķڡ׳¶ѾȫŮģ
Ϊ˯زЩ㱵ķ¶ͬľȻһЩ׼óŵСֽϽؿʼ˲𾴵ĵ°Ըΰèèڿèèı£ġ
˵ϸҲ档
ȻνӳǱ¯ҵͨΪ乩ůϾִĿƼȽ
¶͵Ķսʹ¶Ϊ˷ѾѪһɼĴȻߣֻ50%
¶˺һӣܸеԼ˶غϣҲ˷èèıǻۡ
ûг԰ԹǺܿһ߲ᣬһܽԼεĴ
⿰Ĺ㱨һʼЩķ¶˱׻ǡ
ǲ֪ס˺ŵؿūȴڶ̶һ겻ʱﳹ̥ǵŮ
һЩȽѵĴϻĿİģϽ̶ȣôܹƽԲλĳ̶ȡ
èèӰ
¶զ࣬ԼС˵㣬ȫûʶǵõèèǻ۵ʵ̫˼ˣֻһūŮ
¶
֪ʲôʱ𣬾һֱº͵΢Цţ͵ĿŮȻĿǵΰèè񡭡ֻɵϣȵ¶
ҪҪѿҪҪ׳ҪҪȫǿŬ
⡣
ΰèè񰡡
¶ҧסԼ´ܼѵסۿﲻͣᡣ
֪ΪʲôԼһĽôͻĲѾûܺܺ⻰Լů˾Υ޳ĳ嶯
úܺá
ЦעºͶص˵棬ζĿ϶ûΰèèʧҽϵΪҴ˾ϲɼŮ¶


140 
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ǾΥˮʵ˵, ȴ߬д˱ֽ
û뵽ֻǼ򵥵Ŀ佱ô
ù, ŰοˣҺèèע㣬֪жŬҲֵ֪Щ࡭ȻΰèèҲעÿһλͽ
¶
۾øˣ۾Ϊκϲö, ȴøˡ
Լ׾ӵİƺ˷Ч, ͷƤ΢飬ɵؿèè
ȻߴĽֻһ˫ƺ¶Ľɫһ˲˲ؿ

Ҳ, ôָè
oղŴһֱ, û¶Ķɡ
Ĳ²Ⲣûд⻹Ѿ΢Ľ
Ҫɼǰĵk, ղǾ䡰èèע, ֪жŬʱ򣬿¾ͻһس, ˵硰ûעһĻˡ
ڵĻ
š˾ͺá
k롣
¶һͿʱ, kһƳûͶȥֻΪkͻȻӣЩĵؽͦøֱˡ
ǡǳǸ, ¡
¶ָܿ, һߴ³Ӳ, һ߽㱨ֽպãʵ£ڼĹָʾǣ
С
Դڴؿ¶΢΢Ц⼦ǣ
Щڵڶѡб̭˸Ϊ⼦Ĵڣȥ͵ˡ
˵ֹ1.52֮䣬Һ11µ3¼ߵģѾùˡ
ҵһɼԭǰȲѵ£ȺΪֵܽõļֵġ
ＯͨķĹµͯ򡭡ţּһڣǾʽǳҲõһ⼦̤ϲˡ
¶˿ûΪֽˡͻɱеᡣ
ᶨƵΪΪʹǵҲŶԡ
ǼֻҪҪ޷˵ȥ
Ȼûдڸղŵıֽϣȴεؼˣشͺˣ𾴵ĵ¡
ڰµָʾ£Ⱥ˼ʱ˴ġɳӿشɹϡ
Ⱪýмʶĳﶼ̲ס飬ȻǰΪ˸ʡζ¶ȥˡ
ʱȴһ㲻˷ѡ
֮ǰ̫࣬ʳķƿɳµ£ʳҪΪ˲
лܽĳʱƵˮƽҲû̫ӵĲȡ
ʱûܡ
ںܶʱҪΪ˶ĿȫԿèèɡ硱ˡ
ʽ뼢ƶȵ״̬ԽѪе׷ʽ˰¶Ϊףô˵˸һĴͲС
ܺá
ص˵ͷɿĹܼ˹
˹⣬΢΢ף·ģһл׼ġ
лǰлܽ¶Ǳľǰø˹Ѱҵһλӡ
ǱĻֻ͹ˡЦ˵лɼͳ飬֮Ļรһǲ˵̫ˣֱӽܸɵĳʦɡ
޷ƽūһͬʣƽʱūԼĭ
Ȼ
֮еĴ𰸣˹̾
ĹĹܼңǺԥӦǣ¡
ڸ˹ѪͳΪ߹ŵС£ȴ˾̾
ڹԵ·ѰϣҲֵþηǿ
Ǹ˹һ뷨ˣڳˡ
ǾźȻ˵Ļİ
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ܰҹµزףҲΪæʲſͣ¡
ʵذš羴ŵʹ
ȴסǫѷ͵ʹ
뵽ԼֻΪĳ÷չ΢һ³Լ/Ͳ㱻Ŀٴˡ
עڸ֮ͽתƵūϣϸ˸ⷽ˵ˡά˹١
ά˹ٵȻһ±ģΪȥһı㱻ҵèèߵһĵùǱʵϰŵ˷¶ߡ
ܿ취¶ͷ֣ơͼ͹滮ά˹ԸóµˣС˹ʾһ¡
ڼѵܼͨԿ˺ѵά˹ٹٵسΪ˰HRĸܼҡ
ά˹ڻ㱨ʱƽʱĳȣƲסܵĲǱ˵ҲԾشֵĳԡ
ǰڸ˹ѧϰǱԱˣνġȻڸ˹ûڰߵʱ
ⲻһζһ棬Ҳһôòĸ߹󹫾
ҲΪȫĶ˲ԶĹϣ˿ûע⵽޵ĿҲûзʦ˹ԽԽΣա
ֱӰλߴĽ𷢹壬Ͷ˵һƳ
ǲκҺܿƿ˵һƳȴǵ˱汻Ƶĺˮһ
֪ΪʲôȻһ顣
һ´ƻõĳմ״̬Ѳ˵亹ֱкֱ͸ˡ
ϰ˱ôעţûж̬ӹע
ϸһ΢΢ü˶ԷĻ㱨£ղ˵
ȥ궬ɵǣҲά˹ٵĹڡ
ȡһСġʱ̲ס˼䣺ʲô
ά˹ٵĽͺ˶ݵ״̬
ǼʶķԴڼᵼĲƲʧġ
ԭЩ¶סʱǸڵĽڸΧȻٻƽ򽻵ȴū桢һ
˵¶ԭΪİĻھⳡΪԼҲҪΪūĺƽٺǵľ˺ܴı仯Ȼƽ˺ܶ࣬ٶūмһˡ
ûǿȳΪūǱϾˡūȴɵū˵ĲƲء
ūҲǼūﱻǴЩȫһ
Ǵʵزãܸɾ·û޲ĵط
סűȰ¶һЩȵҪƯľʱҲÿ춼ܳԱ
ǵģȻūܳԱ
һηʱ¶Ĳ˼Ľֱɵūū
ǻǣԼչ·ĹΪЧͺǲõ˹ĳͣҲõ֮ǰı
Ϊ¶ū򽻵ܿͳһԶصˡ
ūʲһУûʸл䣬οǸе˽顣
ǽöҵķΪֲˡʧһūĲ
ǿöң
ȷֿˣֻλʵԼҹũūΪǼ޸ϲˣȥµǮȥ˷
Ȼ⿿ҲģҲٲзİ
ǣһϱеʲٵÿ
һȻ䵽޷ĵزעҪδһβ̵ʱޱȾˡ
ȡǰ¶ŮūĻе˵Ҳκδ
üģɷ˵
Ҫĵʵ̫ˣʱָķɶȫ£ҲûȤЩϿķġ
ʲô
ǵþһУɺͰ¶ׯ԰ȫһ飬ٰЩ̫׵޳
룬˲Ըԡΰèèٹ¡ϣ뿪ɵıūĻǿµĺҲ޿ɾҩĴ
ȻΪҪκ˽ͣڱ˸ܱˡܱ˹ܵɣΰèèҪϵͽ߰ɡ


141 
һ뵽Լ, һЩ̰޵ԵŤɡ͸еǿҵĲʡ
ʵ棬һƵеģβ֪ʲôʱɻͽԸݻ˶Խ̿׫β, ҲҪѽ˹ΪõġǶׯ԰ɷصݣٵعһ顣
ԽǷģüͷþԽ
Ϊ·ÿÿ䶼Ŷƽ񡢶ūÿһιѪĲпѹեɷ, Ѿ˴Ŀĵĵز
ǶŮ˶ԡ
˵ū󶼲ĻŮūǻ磺ӳһͳΪĲƲ, Ҫɻɵȥ, ûκλ, δδɷµĺҲ类ΪĲƸ֮һ
ʧȥɷĹѸҲڼ½, ǶԷԭֵػߣĲƸܵʧ
ڵλϸߵУŮеȨҲԶԵģΪƽԵķ̰ܵϿ̷, Ϊ޿ɾҩɷѡ뿪ɰвƲ, ܷɷκҪ󡭡
ǿţ۾ۡ
سúܽ΢΢´
ĳĬγԱȵ, ÿһҳ֧޳ϸָŵëʣҪֽءৡ, Ȼǻȥʲô
ǡৡԭϡ赽ܼ, Ҳŭڲϼǿֱڴ͸ֽ, ʼһѺΪֹ
һֱصȴĸ˹, ΢΢ǰ¶Щǵɫ¡
ǿص飬ܼЦЦû£İɡ
ЩûĿŮˣʲôء
ıׯ԰ɷֻǵһ
ȻͼһŮԵȨһ˵ӽ˵ĵز
ôٹ̵ͷɺͰ¶Ȩߵӵйĳ߾λʿΪܡҲܼ
עǸޱȡҪѭ򽥽Ḷ́󻷾ƽĺԼŮʶľѡ
Ҳ顣
˼ú¶ġ
˹ĽǶȳڵ˹ҪΪ⼸¡
ūĲƲŮūȻ⡣
ȻūƽƾʲôʸŰȨŮūأ
ڳΪǵǰѾҵūˡ
ʶʳָָ棬һ˿赭дŹеĽάЩưܷӦõΪҷ񣬶ȥ΢չݵ΢ɷ򡣡
СµⷬԶᶨƵվϿǵĹܼ˼ףΪȻǵģ¡
ķ꼴ϮΪ˷ĹҪʿװĸ˹̾˿ȥȨ񣬵źǣ˶֪ϧĻᣬҲ˶͹ΪЧ͵ġ
ܼһȥＯĩǳҲ̶õĽϵһĻĻ龰
üü۵ǡȺֵõģҲȫ̷ࡣ
˻ŮˣΰèèͽԸⴹϵͽǻ۵ġ΢΢Ц¶ǸܺõӡڿˣԲ뵽Ǹū𣿡
˹ֵͷ
Ϊ˲ʴȵèèĶͰ׷ѣҲΪӵеεĸ˹ҪİרעĹܼңݸ˵뷨ߣϵҶ׼һЩֻŮԵεְλֻҪӵ㹻ʣ֤ɵľҳϣЩλþͽǡͨЩְȡõĲƲׯ԰ɱӻķΧڣֻܱԼ֧䡪ʱ󡣡
ԭɷŮԼûлɣҲû֧ͥƲɣûлһ׬ȡнˮĹĻᡣ
ϵļѾľȨƲ棬׼ˡ
ǿӡֻŮԡְλȻķ
Ŀǰ˵򵥴ֱķʽΪЧ
Ʃֳ棬¶Ѿ֤ˣһЩĴԣŮԶЩֻ۵ءߴߴеСһаģҲԸϸտ
⵱Ȼֻǰƫ
ϤǸȨΪԵȵʱҲһЩԹԼֵô֦Ҷ޳ʶ类ǲȥʱܻƷʲĲˣһЩޱҪĶϡСġѡֻ򵥵ϴ붼᲻СĴ룬ղ˻ѲպӺ岻ãֻܡ޲ߡվһߣͷ۵ʰо֡
ѵʹˣȫûⷽ츳
Ȼǡ
㿪ʼʱֵЩ׾ѧϰҲԲ¡
ֻǲӣΪûбҪҲȥѧϰˡ
˹ĳ˼
֪˶ãĵȴСǺЦĿл΢һĨǳЦ⣺£Ļܻ̰ĴԸȥЩְλҪȫƿסǵġ
΢̧򢣬۾ؿ룬ǾװĹܼıӸõǳʱˡ
ǣڴ죬ɳǾͱһ˶𾪲ѵĴϢ
һ100ᡶмαڸϹɣڵһʱͷȥȵõαģȻڳԼϴοбõū
ԡ˳żʺ۵ĿУǲԾذͦأشӹ˳¿α
Ǹҫֱ̬õµĽ̲ģҳϵʿһεõΰ˵İһ
ӳǱ߸˸߲ҵģ̾ȻϡΪ
ҪִĻѧõҪḻϲ֪ٱո¿αʱǿġ
Ѱ֣ȻҲ˲˵ע⡣
ǰΪһ۲˺ܾáα˷ܵǡ̲ˣʱֱҪ۷̹ˡ
Ȼôͳˡмα
αôݷḻҺѵõºĬߣ˼ֱԿ϶ġмαˡ
һӡˢʵޡʱ䣬Ҳ˷̫ȥĵ棬˾㲼Ըһ8ҵۣҲղ
мαŵͬһʱ䣬ΰèèＯһٴοͽѡʽ̡Ϣǳ׵ȼǵ顣
ͨȥ꿼ˣ˺ܿͷ˶Ŀõת䡣
ԭƽά˹ٵ˱ǱõȳǱ˸õְ£䶯
Ͼ׼Ĳ࣬ūԵ̫ңԶ
˹׷Ϊ׵Ǽ֪ͨʶԡֱӻùְλūѾǰūڵˣһѡūеԵĺڡ
˶û뵽ǣذϢöڵֱӺˡ
Ůˣûɣ
ֻŮ˵ְèèӰ̫˼ˣ
Ů飬Ҳ治ƽ
ôǮأ
ڼȵ£ʶط
ԵģǡŮ˾Ȼӵǲְλһ¡ﲻɱǣèèͰǱѹ˸ڵذڵϣһͷˡ
⤣ɵµľ𣿣
ûΪʲôʹ˵ּ⣡
˹ʺʵʵعܺ죬ŵµĻЩƨ
֪͸ˣ
һϢըǻա򲻽⡢ܵķӦ
˵İȴڴĵ5죬ʹèè͸˹ĸȻذ¶ȥˡ
ǶӺģǾʮĵָɫѾΪƵ¶ū


142 
ֻ˶̶һµʱ, ¶Ǿͷ̥ͬǵľ޴仯
һС뿪˴µİ̲סȤصܵĸı䣬οȺūˡ
Ǵش, ǳǽһڳˮȻĸ¢Ұݼ俴ƲۡȷѾʼ֧ܵĶ, Լļ
Ļ, ֻһ޼ʵҰݷ賤
ôũأ
ôïܵӲݶôܳúã
һʹ
ĵ˵š
һ˵һ֣Ѹٵصõ˵Ͽɡ
Ӳݺһ𣬺߿Ȼһٵģ
ʵ̫ڳ˵֪ˣ
ûдϵĲ˼飬Ǿʲô
һǾѾˡмα, ûҪ׸ǰ¶ǵĴһ·, ½ִİ£˵ظѵʱ䣬ᵢһճˡ
ڵĻ
Ƚ˵ɡ
Ĺ, ܵ˱Լóǵýͷöŵʿļӭ
λΡ佡׳ʿ, ֱҪϲˡ
Ϣʱ, , һƵĴԶȻ
ʱƺδô¶ĶԷ, Ѿһ·򡱰嵽ǰ, ɾصϥ¹
·дšڵþˡļ, סŰ, ٱ׼ʿЧ񣺡ΰèè, Ĺ£лĹ
գգۡ
һЦ, һ߽Է, ɫҳϵʿڹȥʮķ˿ûйҵڴء
ȱŵ¶ҫ飬Цеز˾䣺ǵĺҲܷĵؽˡ
ŵǣ
һͬ˵ʿûסЦֻǿЦˣȥϢɣ飬ɸ˹֡
˹ޱŵǵ˵ͷ
ŵظ뿪󣬰˲˹װĹܼȰʱļƻŰɡ
޵ķݣҲȷ˲ԭסĹ
źǣǵѡǰ׸λɲҲʲô˽ĺˡ
ڵݲ񣬶Ϊūˡ
˰İ롣
Ϊūԭжֵͬ飬׼ĸıҲӹɵʵ
ΪʹԸⰮϵҲܰѹƻֱǹλĵز
ĻδǰЩΪƵļĺͷص˰񣬶ȴΪūԵ̫ƽˡ
Ҳܱﵽǵͨūʹá
ȥɳǵһ¶һܰڵǣѾԣľ÷졢ˣʦʦ̵ҪһְҵܵĹ
ٷϴ˵İ¶ǣҲȱָܰճʰϢЩؼڡ
ǰǱūݣֻٵһ֣Ҳסڳĺ÷ֻȥūסȽϼªס
ھְϣȫǰ
Ȼһ£ݵĵ汻ƽҲūÿ춼ϸĵɨȥһһȫɹ
ȻƼ򵥣ɾ࣬ضѷһЩӳǱսɹ˶ĳƷдɳԭϡ
һĿƣд⣺һֻͰӹһɵĴͷ̣źųֻ̈ͭЩɢɢСӻ̡
úøɣ
͵һõĹһᣬһ˵ţһ߶߶ţ𾴵ĵ˵ˣҪǵȥɵĻǲǿΪūġȻѾūˣǵԸΪȺһһ¹ػݵż룬ǵҪܹǵķõΪԵµĲ
˵úܿ죬Ҳɣȴһ¶ϡ
ж͵һûסɴ۾ѯʣʲʲôػ񣿣
ûû𣿡ЩͷǿܹǷõҲһ˵ܹöҲУ´ôãҪֲʱ޴ܵøһЩɣ
öʵ࣬һū۸
ΪūȥܵĻɾûôˡ
⿿һ˰ܹǮԼҹҲʱ䡣
ҪǰĽĻ͵ˡ
Ҳǰūŵġ-񡱻ǡ-ְ-·ʱ䣬±֤ԵĹƽ
˵⻰ūȴһƬš
ţ·޷Ļ
֪˭ۿһʪ󣬵ڶϲ
ܺúõػţӵϣõ»ȥĻᡭ
ȫζ°
ΰèèʵţٹأùâ棡
Ǹжµˣʱò´ūҳǼԭ̣
ȻϢʱ´ݷǳͺ󣬵¶ǱϢͨһЩ˵ͣڽﴫˡ
עжȡУʹ֪ϲѶ
룬ҪûϴĻڴ֮ǰЩһ̲סһ˰¶ǣȷǳǷعƽġ
ͨЩ˵ۼ֤ʹѰ¶ָʵȥҲ뾡춨¶ΪƳǡĻӡʵµķչ·ߡ
ǳĸĿģΪᵽ׼ܲǿֶ顣
ʺϵƷǡ
ơ
Ұ²䲻ȣûбȵ¹ߵ£һʺþƾ͵ļˡ
ǧİʿķ飬Ŵİ׾Ѿ֤ˡƵĹУԭϵӡƵĲ衢¶ȡˮٵӰƷƷʺͷζ
ִʵĵһǻͬǣʱõľÿ˰ն䷽ģ̬Զһ
ʹѾΪūݣΪĲƲˣҲȫûҪǽ䷽
һʢ϶ٻţʹòͬľȥͬζĳƷҲڰ¶ǡƳǡĴ졣
Ȼ⿿Щζĵơƣ϶ǲеġ
ù֮͵ѾƣԭѶʹӾĿ԰ʱ仹ֲ϶ü
ϵģ׼ʱ䶼̡ζ㹻ܸӡĸʽƾơ
νƾƣҲнݾƣǽھƾŨȽϸߵĻƵġ£Ұ²ıζľ֡
ʱ̵Ļƣ֪췽ģ𡢵׾ơС׾ơŴ׾ƺӾơ
ݵԭϵĻɼӣҺҰݮ⣬˴ɴġȥɹõĺɡ
ӣҾƺͺƵ춼ֻҪ̶죬ȫܸϴĿСҪûܸϣֻԼȥڵϷϵͳȡ׾Ƴˡ
ܲôгտҲ޻ɡ
ǰŵǣλ󷽵ǱԼܣÿһصƼգ
ÿҪĸмϲãϸհָʾܿʮ˳˻ԼƾƵ졣
ɫӣҾƲͬŴ׾ƵĻƵĺʮ峺ǽ͸ĵɫ
ȻȾƣȴбҪ׿ڳһƵζ
ڵһƵʱͽ˹һֱߵǼλ˿ʿԼļλ¶˳Ǳ
ÿǰֻɫ졢ľ
һԼЩܳЩнˣЦӯӯ˵ҵʵ롣
˵⣬ȻߵoȻزȥѯţװèè񰡣ҪǲϲĻ
Ȼֹ
ؿһĽ͵kǰǲ֪ʲôʱ𡢾ͱÿտҲֻƱʧ״̬
˺һȻ֪Լһλʵġδꡱ˾Ƶİ΢ȵüľȤû뵽ôϲơ
ĻoȴûӦ
kǰһգգضŰ
ͫصӳŽӰ
һжûʲôԾġ
ֻ޳ĲϣһƬĿķɫڷӡ


143 
ȻûеõèèʱĻӦ, ڶݵľȺ󣬰ܿͽעӵkƿˡ
èȻǲƵġèèϾèӵèèβò, ԼĳЩɰСϰߵĻʵo
Զֻ20-30׾ΪĸֹƣҲ˺
ִһЩҾƵİǾرˡͨ߱
Ȼõèèʲô¡
ðЩȵǣЩֻǲǿǾƾϰĴڣȴ㹻˴ܵһӭˡ
̫˼ˡ
֪ͰСˣ¿ֵ鲻Խ´δԭֻ, ӣҡɺҰƣ
Ŵ׾ƵĴ֯, ƫȵľҺȻƫһЩıǸǡôкˡ
Ө͸ľҺζ, ζĴ㡣
һ㲻ǷЩѿĵɫɢζҲȽϴ̱ǵĵơƣʵǡ̫úˣ
ܰ¿ֵȻȰűΪѾ, һҲ⻨ϼö, Ϊ˳һ
, ЩֻڹʢѾʵ̫ˡ
ѵصֻ10öһͰľˮ, թ˰ɽˮشҲҪ50öһͰۣ
, ھ£мõơ֡ۻɫĹǣĸԸùܼͳǱǮġ
ĳЩضѾƵļ۸, ǹþ, ݾӪǼ԰ıү˵, ѿʫ쳪賤ġ
һڰֲޱȵӪֶΣȴ˹Ҫڲͬġ
ټϱĿٲľƵȷζԽЩ˳µ˸׷Ȼһȴﵽмеĵز
ϡǵãλʮϲϹȺԩͷ֮һһף16յĹ͢ϣΪҫԼĲ͵λڸǰݵؿ10Ͱֵ1000ҵĶѾơ
ֱǼλҵƷЩʫ˼㵸ˡѪɫƽ𡱵ʫ裬Ҳı塣
ֹЩ ΢ЦŹ۲˵ķӦ˹˵ţҲͶˣֻҪʱȽϳҪ¡
Ǹϲˣļٰǰơ
˼عˮ⣬һЩ߲ʻʵҲǿƵġ
ֻǺʹֻҪ׾ΪƵĹƲͬǵ̣Ҫõϸߵİ׾
ȱĵȻ׾Ҫõĸӵԭϣʺϲòݱ෨Ĵ֮һūڳǽҰдֲˡ
Ϊ̷ֲǿķϵʲҲ𵽷ЧҸýΪߴֻҪõܳΪȻĵǽ
ƵͬʱҲܰǽڡﵲסֺķϮ
Ƶԭʹ²裬Ҳǵá
ĿǰĻֻȱʱ䣬Ҫ󹤾ߡ
ڲ칤Ѿˡ²⣬Ҫһ׵ĻӦҲѡ
ʵȥʱĻѧҡʦʡ
ڰ£ǺܿѾн¸߰ǼΪԼá
Ǹ־ǳһں󣬾ûȤ
һ߰ϸıһߺЦ۲ˡ
ȻûдȤһĻһĹܼҸ˹ѵõرֳ˶ӣҾƵźۼض൹һ
΢ӣĵضԹܼѵñ¶ϲװûп
ˣ󹤾һã¶Ƴĵһƣһø˹ȳ
ֻǿʼ
ȷϹƵĳɱۺ󣬰ﶨ۳ۡ
ýΪ鷳ʱȴʱǶһ޶ҲǰδеĸߵΪδĸ߶˲Ʒߵļ۸񣻶ʱˮֻҪ׾ĹĻж·ߡ
ȻϾƾơ
һժ¡ͻʮڸõĴˮɹɣǲñģ۸Ҳ˲ߵȥɾƺͲֵˡ
οȡʱǴӵеԴõȻⷽĳɱԺԲơ
ƾŴ׾ƺСƵĻϣ۸߰ǣ칤ҲͨơҪ鷳࣬ȻҪơƻĵơƼ۸ҪЩ
ÿһͰĳɱ3-10ҵ䣬еƷʵĵơƵļ۸1.5컷öӣϺȾȡůĵơƼ۸Ҫࡣ
ĶۣÿһͰĳɱϣ̶ֻ2öҡ
ˮƽеȡƫϵֻͥҪ΢ҧҧܸļ۸
εһЩơƵСƺ׾ƣҲͬʱУԺ͵ơƽƵļ۸񣬳Ϊ󹤵
⼸һļ⡣
Խǿ˶칤ռ򵥵Ĺƶ֡޲ڵģԽ˾ҵʦǲҪ󹤾
µĻ
ЦЦǣһĳĬèè֣΢ʱ˳ң¥ϵȥˡ
ôõĲǣȺ޹˼ɵһƴĿ񻶰ɡ
ȴźصң׼ȥԱߵԡϴԡʱź֪һ㡣
èèkƺһ㲻Ծ
һžȲطųèèββëɣ˷ܵظ߸ţë׵Ƕһһ
γĽɫͫʱȴɵһƬ۲糺죬һ·˳޳Ĳ죬ֱûΪֹ
װèè񰡡
΢΢ۣ˼ظ̾ţֻǶô͵Ĺơ㾹ȻҲˣ
ʵľƱСɣĿ⣬װˣҲֻв40mlķοֻʢһˡ
Ͼı⣬ֻ˳ζ
׾ƶȷȵơƸһЩǾˮݶˣֻܳƵ΢״̬
Ļ󣬵һ״̬ȴֻãŽɫ۾
էһۿȥkƽʱƽƽע
ϸ۲£Ͳѷ֣kĿû۽ǻɢġ
ʱʱ΢š
˫궯Ķһ޹ɵضţǵkҵڲϲ
㻹𣿡
ü
Щ֪룬ţҿɲ֪չƵ
²ȥϴ衣
èèһԵظһޱ飬½ʱֻе˼ݵĲȻ˳˵Լϴԡˡ
һֻĴĴèǳڵʧΪ˾ƶΪʧأҪ˵ԡʱѵ˸оð
ٰᡣ
ѾʽΪΨһ͵ԼҲ׼¶õˮ⵱ȻʱյģֻҪص˳Ǳÿһʱ䣬ԼͻΪûʹùˮȣֱұʹΪֹ
ҪƽʱĻǻԡͰһ˳˼һ½ļҪġ
иߴèһߡè񡱣²k£Ҳöˡ
ڲݲϴʹèèϴˡ
Ÿ£ֻԽԽճ˵ĴèȻط˸ֱѹϡ
ճǰʹꡣ
ǺȻ쵽Ǻͼ
һ߰һ߲˿ɵ޷¶ؿڣ
׼彻kڣԼӱʽ˯״̬İʱо̫ˡ
ȵȡ
΢΢ü΢һֻƺ¹ŹŹֵֹĴè㽫kƿˡ

kűƿƣʡ
˫ãȻŨίĽĪĶݳĬ󣬾ίֻè˵Ҹϴ裬ϱġ
Ȼ˵ѣ˵˸ɡ
ޱظܵһϸоֵֹġǡûдУȻǺˬġ
ҲκŵϢ
֪ǲĴԼоԼϴǹõ񡭡kôһ򣬱ԽŨˡ
Ͼǿѣ
˼š
ضİͽһƺ䱿׾ȴҲֱס˳ѭܵèèøôˡ
һ̣ǰٿȻһڡ
ҰٴʱԼѾΥĻƽˡ



144 
˲Ϊûÿս尧, ͱֻһǿ߼èѹ˴ϣؼֲˡ
ҿɲ˼
èoƺֳԶԼҪö󣬰Цõط, ˺ˡ
һ߼װĿ, һɶԷΪλ׵Щ·ĺǣҲܶʲôʵϵʧ
͹˵ǣèèֱʱ, ԶȱʵʵҪǿϰٱһĲ
̫ˡ
ôţȻЩ, һλϸĴ, ǿ
ɹװµģ˳ƭ˵Ƶo
֪˶ãһֱo, ȴȻͣ

ظ, ̽ſ޶סĵk
ļȿܣ˫ë׵ļһһģʱֱʱš
ڽǵȻǷǳɰġɰԸԭֻè
СߡɿڵĹ, ȴ㹻õoһͿ
ӲգèoǷķɫ, ĿĴβëɣ̵úܸߣ⳯µİ
kȻѹڰ, ˿, أ˼ʲô
ֱߵk, k¡
ôɵkΪΪͽڲᱻκ˴ŵһ˳ӦܵǺ󣬲ȫȴֻõ˼Ļ⡣
ʲô
ûȫǻ۵ǰδеĽã
ǵk뵽õkĹؼڡ
Ըɻع۲˵kһС󣬸оkڳ˼ʲôˡƾܿȥˡĽۡ
湻ˡ
ôţ̽ĿģƵk
΢ָʵʶشЦغŵkıװ&amp;%&amp;%Ը𣿡
䣬Ͳɵסˡ
Ϊ˵Էֵ˲䣬ظо͸ָһºԵĶ
ң̡
Լȫû뵽ͻȻԼèoٿȻ˽ӲӵͫǱȻеľ㵡
Ƶһͱüޱȵ͵ִǿ֮ĩ
ɲ£ʧˡ
֪İԤ׵ٴӭ˺ڰ
ûӦַʲôǰ͵ٵĵս塣
ղžʲôˣ
ؿ壬ݡ
£»ˡ
ǣûȫ׵ĺڰռ￴Լˡ
èèأ
ŶƵĵǣֻܵɨɨǼһɲֺ󣬾Ȥȱȱؽˡ
Դġɼߡ򡿡ũˡ͡󹤡Ĵְҵܶ9Ҫ10ľһ¶ǸӴҪΪλȥˡ
⵱ȻҲڡ弶ϱֵԽԽйء
ѵһʱ⣬ԸϷϵͳһв죬͸ȥˡ
ǿĳͷԲ֣Ҳֻ˵СȤֲռõĸܸصһС֣ص㻹ǿѧֲ³Ϸϵͳʧ⣬Ҳ˵ɻ¶ĸ
Ĵְҵܵ9󣬵ȷ˲˵ĵߣֻҪʮʱ䣬κγɱ¸ƳһŸͶһģһıʯġʯпɹһʹáٷְõڶġޡõøɼ򵥵ġ߼͡С߼ϡ͡߼Զˮ
ȻԱʯӰҲȫ㿿ʯ׬ǮˡʯͱüˣˮĻʩȽơˮ㹻ܿ򾮻ǺˮķʽйȺ󣬡ޡʱҲûóĻᣬοлʵèèߣѾﵽ˶ܳԱ״̬ĿҲûôˣ㴿Ǹ˰ãļ󣬸õҲֻǽ߼ϡòķֻһ˽ʹã֮ǰڸ˵廨ŵĶѷʼܹռ
ɺǲģڶʱûȥ͵㣬˳ö߶9
ڿ֮׶ѿֵԴֻÿÿձȡơƩÿÿʮֻӺȡһƴС㡣ҪǲСڰƵ㣬̷Żغ
ҪøԴõĻ͵Ǹߴٷ֮ʮ˰ˡ
λɳǵĿϷĿŰġ󹤡ﵽ9ҲټĿǱƾһ֮ڿˡ
ʲԭǵʯȫǰѷò˼ʮָεһɶ
ǿصĻʱȿš
ûãʱƽءסԽá
ȻЩԺ˼¡
żƻȲ϶һ󹤾ߡÿʼý
ģȻΪƶùŹŹֵֹèè񰡡
̾˿
ֻżĺҲ޼µġ
ֻоܵطµĵԼڳ˯ˡ
ϣۺܿèè߰ɡ
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ңԶУٿȻǰİİߵèoһ̯ƽ𡰷桱﷢
ϵȶȳٳٲkĳβͲ֪
仹ֱţã̶һ޵ķ
ҪðĻһоk⸱Щίģǡܿɰġ
ȻΨһܿһĻĲ֮ͣɾͲôΪˡ
ԴѪȥԽԼְoȴֻ³ĿɶèŪԼƺ󣬴һֱ⡣
ȻkҪ뵽κսУҲȫûԼְ飬Եk˼ûκӰ졭
kѾܾáܾãûܹôصˣ
kǿȵƢȻҪȥҶԷ
kʱȥ
ʵ̫ˣ
뵽Խŭ
o̺ǻۺͷûȫɡ
ƾʲôǿᵽôŵĵز
kֱֻӴ˶Էľͱճһ
ȻԭⲻƣֱӴеĵ񣬲˭һֱʵʵƵΪ
ڵkƵģֻɫĴè
˾ƲƸoȴ£kȥѯʱûбֳһǰǸ⡣
ʹkѾûйְˣҲkԸó
ɶ񣡡
뵽ԼԭȥҶԷ鷳ȴѵһ١ǱҰèצӷ񹥻ֻǱܡ
һŭա
kھδӻعԼ󣬻ȥҹԼõɣֺ׸
ȴ֪ɣʮǰ𣬾˳õĳߣĸ֮䣬ȴֹսֻؿϷԵkֻŵشЦšֻ飻׸Ǳɣ˳ߣkҲˡ
ŭȴڣûطйĴεѡ˻صΥ
kκϣ
̤ǰеǰδеĽŵĵk߾ܵ˵Լ
ֻǣһۡ
ԶԶؿһۡһ۾ͺˡ
k¶뿪ȣû̫ı仯
ԭ°ӵܵĴСѾ׷Ÿ˵ĳ߶ûˡ
ûĽɫ⣬ûҷķûޱȵİҲûС
뵽߲Ծλʱ黹һ׹ȣֱӵ˼㡣
黹ܸ
Ŵ겻Լķȥʱ۽ȴƳһɶ񵽿̹ĵӰʱ
㣡
߸һֱɶè㾹Ȼ﷢/飡


145 
Ƹ֮·, 漴ģһԵġս
ǳŹľȻǲö֪ġ
ůڵ, һʱ俴ߵʱܼľѾǳ򶷵Ľˡ
ƽʱڴصһһ˲չ, ˵ǵèèȴһ, һ˼ģ
ü
⽫ŵᣬ¾˶Էװ&amp;%&amp;%㻹𣿡
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ϻ˵, βͼĽɫëǱƿһĩҸһСسʱսľ
Ӣ, ŵ
ڼﱸܳ谮ҫĴè浹ùسһ, ̬ί־ɥ
ڼˡİۼˡ
Ȼȫ⣬èèƵǿק, ٵĪߡ̶һҹ, kô⵽o۸ġ
ʶĺͲܲ³, ԼĽˡ
ȥ鷳𣿡
ɵĶϸϸĸɾèoϵĺ, ּǼԵˡ
ھ鿴, ȷ˵kֻǽӲӵë
Ǹû˵k
ظ, k΢, ص˵ͷ
õ϶Ĵ𸴺, ΢˿
һɶԷȻ֡ɷ˵رסԼһؼĸŵkıеѯţʲôطܰæ𣿡
Ҫôֻ֪޳ܵĽɫèոkػŹһٺ󣬾ȥİͽҪοĻһ̡
kʱƣλеԼǴѴƵıǳץֱָŭ仰˵ˡ
ģȫ޷⣡
ɫһߴ߶̺üӿ˿ڵ޸һǸʵǿùŹֵĲƸ֮
ֻǸûɶ򡢿ǴͷԵģǻȻҲûѡ
Ȼɵ̬ıʹٷ/״̬
׳ա
kмš
ƫƫôһϴν㹻Եkôص˺
ԷιʼʩΪèģһٻצйʱkȻǸо޷мܡ
Ȼƺǳָܿ졭k챻Էץһˣ
ʵ̫ùˡ
֪˶ã޸ĵkطŶΪʲôÿǼһﶼԿ
ǵkְ̫裬˥˵̫
ɵü
ûĸо
ڴ׼뿪ʱkȻʲô
Ѿ˴ٴۣk΢΢ƫǵȻسֵӰ΢ȵά˹أ㡣
š
Ůά˹صkףƺһ㶼kԼܾò򡣡
ôkЩѯţһ̾תת飬۵׸ֳһĨɫҪûǴĻ˼׳ǰɣ
ܽӽǡҵӵģǸ׸ǡ
ά˹òؾ
ΪﺱеŮʮְλƵƢϲŭ޳Ҳϲͬ顣
ʱҲݵѯʣҽ𣿡
ȻĹά˹ذʮָлĿ
˲һϿ޸òèצץۣѯţֻ롭㲻ҷһͽԸȤɣ
ΪokǵȻҪķȥӦͽԸ
ɷϵǣҪǵkԸյ֮Ϊر
ά˹ΪũŵķŮ¶ͽŲʣҲȻǿ
ǳôڴΪĽ䷳ػӦͽλ
ԴʧҲΣٻȥͽԸˡ
ҪżȻΪҲʹoһҲԸ˯ˡ
ά˹Щؿ˵kһۣǵ˵ͷԡ
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׸֤ΪʿѾԶսܾˡ
Ĳɵţ˿֪ĵλoע
΢˰ĵϸ߹ķŮά˹ءɤƣأԵţԸϽȫճΪף뿪ǰԸʵ֡
ɲʱԴεĹܼҿϡ˹ݶһԻ
ʱڴϣ񲻳ŴԵÿһ糿Ӷ̷ùԼ;ƺ
뿪ԭĬĿϡ˹ݶȻڣΰ˰׼ʲôʱ򷢱¶λСĹսƷأ
ޣװĿϰɲ΢üͷλһĹֳͣ˴ӲչʾĿݣǺͰѾ𣿾Ȼ˵
ⲻҡҡͷ𾴵ˣҪ׷¶𣿡
Ӧú˽ҲŶԡ
ܶõ峿ͽôȤĶԻеЩɲ΢ЦЦĵţ޴Ĳжءʹһ˶Ǳı/ͽɱˣ֧ȨҲֻعֲҵġ
¶ȻԶûи׸Ƿ٣λ൱ҪƲڽϱ߹硢ҪĿúܽ˵ھӣλùɵʹ
ʹҵ˴°¶ɲ˸ãһ̲̾סôʧľٶԼеŭһگҾ͵ʵʵ˫ַϣһöͭҵĺô̲ҪϹӶǮรô޴Ȿѵȥ𣿡
Ȼǣˡ
ȴûз
һתһҲ˵λʹƺŵʯɽ汾졣
ô֪ǸƯϹߵСӣȻǸʦ
ʵĹܼǰɲ˿ζϹĲм
Ҳ𽥺ľĿģҪλʹжƧھһСӵĻ룬ھͿԳȥˣϲǵĹܼҡ
˵䣬Ӣˡ
ϼϣܿǵģǳûλǰѰ¶ֹ
˵ʲôλϣ
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Ϊ΢Žƻ۾ƶӵж԰¶Ȩǿơ
ǿƣ
ɲʧЦЦˣҿû˵£𣬿ϣȥһλս
ҪսֻҪ֪Ѷˣˡ˿޾˵ֻгٵÿļλҳʿûɢ⣬ֻʱūѡγνˡȫĶ֣ΰˡ
ޣǿǺüˣɲʼ磬ЦЦ̵ʣؼǣΪʲôҪȥô͵أδŵǿƣأװĹܼңѵǻ˵ż𣿡
һԸģˣֻҪԸ⽫Ĵݴ¶ȥչֳ԰ĵ⡢ҳֳҳϡ
΢䣬¶һĨ͸ŵЦ⣺ΪλѪͳôòǸõĻᡢڵʱɱĹֵܡһϣõǿԣʲôأҵˣ


146 
Ŀϡ
ü, 
ʹô˵ʵǳ׷ԼôĹܼ, һѾ⶯ˡ
ǰ
Ϊʲôأ
ʮĲ˼ظŸ, úЦ, ֹеġ΢΢ҷ˿ϸ˿ɤ鷳
ڹ塢, ɲԲǸɫ, ǸĴƵ
»ƣùŹ, ֡ЩֻǴͨ, ʵ
ڸķǵƯͯҪ/Űãⷴ
ǴκǰͶϣȴ¹λʱĵġ񡱡
ɷϵǣôΪɡĲ, ǿǷݼʹľ, Ͳ̰ͼһֻԼصǷǡôҰģôȵռϲǵġ
ȻҲ⡣
ֻλ¹߱ɱֵܵľٶ̫, һЩɲһϲʤ׽ڵɹ壬Щɵ
ڵĿױ, ͷء
ɼصҸ˵ÿŻĴʱܻһƥԱ߾ĿһʹϲѶɡ
Զ֪, ôһԸ̷ȴڼʱﶼ޷뿪ŹǴ󳼣̵뿨׶Կء
ҪôǹͷرӲ, Ųʱ˵, Ÿ±º㣻Ҫô֮ǰ׷űı,
ܵģٲԼҲɱֳ׷ߡ
ٲ⼸ɱ⡣
ֻҪһ죬עЩԲϷһġ
Ȼλܲ˫ֻµŸ߹ѪҺͬʱǸλãĿǰ˭Ҳ֪ġ
ȻܱΪһԭɣɲλֱӲ
¿ɥĲ񵽶Ҫȥ˶ԷԴչʾҳϡϼ޻ĲҲֻһ߼װһ˸Էͨ籨š
΢۸һ¹£öԷΪռ°¶󡢾ӵĻȫȥġ
϶˻ƼٵıԹδţػش𣺡ԭʵˡֻ顭ڽ죬ʺһڲͬԻˡ
ˡ
ʱһɨƽʱ۵Լ͸ͷصǵ
˹˵ȻˣǴ𣬾ͺúÿʼ׼ɡ⿿ҵӥȮɲǸ˹סķ蹷Ķ֡
Ҫȥ¶ŻһλƯСȻ˵ֻԶӡ͹ˡ
Ǹ˹ŵǣʿŵʿǰߣǴսʵʵƴɱĺպ׶ֱӶԿĿֲڡ
ȻôһͷȮĴڣȴĸԸ˳ϹǿЦİţĹצĵڰߡ
ԽԽ桭ԽԽĿһΣСòˡ
ЩζصȻͷȮԵߵ

ɺϵǣǼȫȫҪūԭʦ󹤾ߵİҲ뵽ɡ
ѡĵһԭ򵥡ʮַʿɡ
ΰûԶ֡Ҫڸ˵Ĺգɲ鶼ΪָǼλԭƼƹ
ʿɵĵһơơ
ѿõǻĽأѿĥ͸ô󡣶ʿɼ΢СֵĹؼҲڴѿʱҪƲƣһЩ決ףѿζء
ںתСܱ¶ȡڵ¼3Сʱңܵõһǻõ֭ԭϡ
Ϊ¾һϸϸؿţǸơʱЩƵƹǱѹֶƲסز
ɲС
Ϊǲôţֻ˿һЩת븣˹Źɵ¡
ǵȴ֭ǻḶ́ûӵǲ˶΢һ¡
ҿǣΪǹռ¶ٶ̫죬ɻκηӦʳǻõǣǽĵطչУĹ𣿻˵׵ע𣿡
˹ϹϾһ󣬲΢΢ش𣺡ǲɱģ𾴵ĵ¡
Ȼзգܲܲչˣ԰ɣ
ЦЦӦòҵĴ˹ƺɲء
Ȼ⻰һ˵㿴ܼ¶һĨѵԵӶ
ǵģ¡˹Լļ壬һİթ޿ɾҩĵͶߡ
ڳҳϡŷʿԣɾһǱĶߣ͸
һ¶˹ƶڼʵɵıԣ죬Ҫĩˡ
գգۣһӦǣҪû´ĻλھӴҪûոҵΪ
乤£ҪЯأǼʵġ
¶︽׸ǸŴԴӲݴСƽء
ǿǵº󣬰˲ٹս֪ʶ
ǱҪü򵥴ֱöࡣ
ϤЩ֮ͬĳͻûʲôıƿԣһǮӶĿӣսݴսǳǱرʹȱԮȵǽȺĿգս¿ƼıƴҪеͳǱԼ߼ʿ㡣
ΪڹȡʤķʽŴ󷽡ҹ䣬ֵûʦ̵ĻԻս
ҪüıЩԵòıɼȡʤĻִž¹һȻʵĿģҲ˱ɹİѱʰоֱޱͷۡ
룬ȷʵģ¡
˹ؿԼСˣǻкܶʱ׼ʵϣһֱ׼š
Цλһͦñֱں˹ֺʿĹܼңװĹܼѾȫͬҵˡ
ָģȻūƽһѵɸѡ츳ˣͨñʽӣṩΪͣùȷҳϵȷʽӾ
ʵ͵ͬӵһսʱũսʱġӶֻǹӶķʽͬ
ľӢġ
˹˼ȻеĴȻӣõΰèèĶ͵˶Ϊһó
˹ʿͰֻⱲӾԲͰ˲ص°ΣҪϳܡ
ǿŵϮ󣬼ʹʹ࣬ҲѾʶԼˡ
ٴĿСΪ˱ܵˡҪὣΣյĿ³ԸݺݵѵȺóҲȷʮĵˡ
˹ûע⵽ǣԼᵽèèʱشڰλ꣬źۼؿһۡ
Ҳֻһۡ
o̫ȤƿߣĿŵڰ֭Ĵˡ
ҪǣٺһεĻ
o˼
kҵ˵ĻĴ


147 
ΪoԼ, kǹֱ׺еߣܿ˰ע⡣
ڲèèǵߵ󣬽̲סü
ʲô, è񫻹
װèè񰡡ЩЦ, סˣһȻʮԸ⽫õĶ׸㣬, Ƶζʵ̫ҰǺˡҪĹƵĻÿ춼Ϊ׼һ, Ը𣿡
èoشȻס˶Է֣ɤ, ԴͻȻˣʧ, ʵǷǳġϧҵ̫΢, ܱ㡭һλǿƵĻ, ҳͽ⣬ôأ
o۾
Ȼܺܺõԭ, ˵ô۵Ļʱ, kĶǱƿʱһ´ڵù̡
kһ½һðݵĻɫҺ˸ɾʶطס, Щż˵򣬲ġ
ζkء
õġڰ, k̬Ա׾, ޱسŵţ, Ҳϲơ
գգ, Ȼ˳ڣװèè񰡣ϲʲôأ

kҲػص
һʼû򵽵k˼ֻΪkҪ˵£˳ڡšһ
ȻһСҲֻkרעӣûκġ
ź֪kʵڻشԼǰʡ
һֻӢεĽɫèף˵ơࡱʱһ˻ʲôӦ
֪˻ô롣
ֻ֪Լڲ۵Ĵ𰸣˫峺ξĽɫͫʱǡ
ȥ׵k
ܵʵ̫ˣ嶯ͷһӿ֣ͱǵѹȥ
ûܵõֱӻӦèoȴûô׵طŹ⡣
kһ̹ȻصòԶĹܼҸ˹棬ùܼҲ֣µǿţϲ
ţkתת۾ٲ˾䣺ֻϲ

ʹûͷȥ۲츣˹ķӦҲܸӦԷ˲䵽èèϵĿ⡣
˹Σյ΢ۡ
֪Ϊʲôǰûв λС𡱵Ϲ˽ӣƺҲ̫С˰ɡ
ҵҡ
ƵѹֻһСɲȻһЦèèҵռء
ȷû˵ѡ
Ҳèè
𰸣oƲסظеֺ㣬Щ
ֻڵk˼ǰΪ˱kٴε˵һЩ֮İѾʱǶȥͣԼҲŸ˹͵kǰˡ
ò͹У뽫⳹תƿ˽Ʋ衣
ƵͰЦҡҡͷȫûбҪܻñͭõĿڸУֻܺ岻ʶĹ塣
ûȻʱľͰȵһֺĵһ¾Ӻ͸󹤾ߣԼƵתΪͭƣΪͭȴãȥһЩʱ
ȾϷֿڻǴľľģóˣľͰҺʿɿڸбԲҳ죬ҴӸġ͸ȾԭصƯɫ
˵Ĺ¶ȻǸѾο뷨ǳȷʵЩ˿ͻҪڲͬһЩҪ跨Ƶļ۸ߣҲ򵥵ķˣǵͷҲǵƢһꡣ
äĿ׷һЩڱġ߰߹󡱵ģֻһЩ֤Լġ¹󡱡ѾȨĵĵͽ׹塣
ԸڡơݳƷһǧĴ壬ζɲһޡ
ŪԺĴˡЩλ뷨Ǹʵ
ż˻Ȼʲô۾һˡ
ô
ڹ֪ǽɹˣһذ棬ĥɷۡ
ȣҲԽԽ̣۵ζҲԽԽˡ
ʵϣһָܻӭĴ淽ǷƾʱĴܲãʵ̫˷ˡ
뵽㣬˽Ūһ׺ڵĹ
ǻһ𣬾ǳֵۺ⿺Ͳָٷڱ°ǻ֭¯Ա߽к濾ֱִΪֹ
õһԼϤġƬƺΪ˲ֹƵèè񣬰ԥؽͶιһĽo
kҲɵس˳
ꡣ
ɫıƬڳе˲䣬kŶסˡ
ڱƽʱԵ䵭롢ڰǿӢüۣܿ塣
о֡
k֪صĿڸС
ǰǽɫèʱҪͶιkСɻҪִ࣬ġ
֡
ôţk鲻Խֽ˽
ꡣ
̫ˡ
kһţһ߾һ㡣
kһࡢƬٶȴһ㲻ʹ·ˡ
ʵϣһʶĽִеƬʳȻȻûüһѸٷ¶졣
ûˣûֻܾܾƽƬ
һ߶췢ģһ̵˸Զֵĵϣ׵ʳ
ڱͼȰЩʱһȻַӣơһ궼ҲԲġ
үͶ޷Ŀ֣ȻҲ׷ƽԼū˭ܸ˴ױȵĿֵʳȻǸĵ۸أ
ħģǽִڸ⣬һЩۻҪõıˡ
ΰ󿶿ھֱӶ⹫ƬƷ
֮Ȼÿÿݳ޵Ƶ¯ȥ濾¶ǻǺܿˡֻҪ¯ðһ˽Ƭŵһߡϰߡ
ֻҪɵ˷¯ԣڶ󣬾ĹƬˣ
ȻƬ糱԰û뵽Ŀ٣λɣٹεϡ
¶ٵĴڴʮաⴺβٿʱĴСˣѯʵǾ仰ǣҵĺûƣƬ𣿺٣ķϣкðɣжҪ٣
ǵٸߣҲֲס¶˸Ƭľġ
ʲôЦԼأ
¶ϾȫﶬճɣҪ˴ɳǵ˴ȼʳǸÿ춼ݳ޵سԸ˳ɱֺֻܿ͵ҰҰǿ
˵Դ£ĳƺܺãһճҲҪȵѮôܸˣ
˵˴ǵıԹĲİʱЩЦá
ǻŽ󹺴ƬĻ棬ʵں޶ԡ
˼һСɵÿ˹뿪ЦװĹܼҪȻǸɴûƳƬơɣ


148 
Щһֱ׷Ű, δɳת¶ؽǶԣⳡҪĴ, ඼Щס
ϾǸϢͺʱ
ҾֻԹ²˵ѹȸе˾ռߣϰΪ, ȴԵҷһ˱Ы
̵˵ڡˡ⾹Ȼǲʵڰ¶﷢һУͳ֤һλֲ֡бԶûһȺɹѾ¡
߱м, ҪôǼСʡΪƷҪôеʿӣӵһԱĹӶԼӶǵĸˡ
߱ϵλ, Ϊ˴һǣȥܱͨŽɵĴڣĴҲڿɳܵķΧڵġ
ֻеùѾȱ/ͽʱ, Żҵضˡ
ܡֻ˶̶һʱ, Ͷ˳ǱͳŰ¶ϢɴʱѾֶߣڽеǶжš
˻ԸٹһҲΪ̫ļԼòµҸȥˡ
Ҹϸƽٺİ¶Ĵǣ϶ǲμӹɴˡ
ɴ, ͱǰȥ׸, ʣµһЩ, ׼ͬλʹͳµİ¶ˡ
û뵽˻·, ;żȻһЩ·ʱͼǿڴധһֻڴһξ͡OO@@Ķ
Ǵϻ۵ʹˣƬǺѯʣЩ¶һصǵ棬һСǻƳγεСȻһҧáꡱģһܱܾأôѲ𣡡
Ƭ
İʺš
ûǵĻһµģҲġ
˵ʶǣǲܲ⼸ͨ˵ʳġǽӣʵ̫ˣҲ㣡
ҪǣʮǰѾǧƪһɵɺӲˡ
һĥӲݣȻصǼöңһЩʹöһһСƬ
ǽŽɵѧЩ˵ģһСĩ󡭡
񰡣
鲻Խؾ̾Ҳ̫ˣ
ʱƽȫƵݳƷһЩǵСݳ޵ضٶ͡
Ҳζţ˵һӣֱױ۾ըʳζ˵ǡôִˡ
ԵظԸҧţܿͰһС˸⡣
δҪһЩʱԷȴζٰʣµǵƬˡ
ǿԴףѸʶصľ޴̻ҪѵĻȫԸ䷽Ͼϳ˹ү˭ִܾܾĻƽƬأ
Ȼζû뵽ǣɡλʹֱ˽ò˼顣
ʥ󷽣Եʹ֮ˡȻԸڲȡöͭҵ£ɳǱİһһʮظǣ
ĺܼ򵥣򵥵ǵ̲סûʣµǵףǳҹȼյĻ¯һ¡
ȻΪǵһ°ڵλ̫Դˣһ뿾÷һøոպá
Ѿ㹻֤ʹǵȻǶԵģ
ٵرԲλ͸м飬ƽ׵ôһݵǣѵһģֻҪָĳĶ۸ôףǶԸһ¡
δЩҲԸһЩۿۡ
һڻǰ촦һҲΪλĻرˡ
ǲ֪ǣһʼû׼Ƭ䷽׬Ǯ
ǵõֻ򵥡ɱڸҲֻǲǿ⡣
֮ڳֻ˳㣺˷õ֭ʱĵĴҲϵǳȫɹɻĥ⡢һгڴ洢ֶΡ
ͲߣûôȱǮʵûҪƬƷҲ䣬Ծʹ󷽷ȫˡ
䷽ܣԭҲ洦ɼʱҪ⣬˾͵취䷽ڸкͽͳɱ֡һҲˡ
Ƭ֮ӰʵǸеЦõġ
Ƭ˲Ѫɼģƺ͹ư
¶ǴƳǵţõ⣬ð¶ʲôֵֹġƬ֮ǡġ
ΪƵиϴǲϧʱ䶼Ƴ˲ء
ʵ֤ܿǣǶġ
ܵƺҾƵ˫ջ
ˡ϶ܼ򵥵Ƭϴǣܿ෱ľơ
Ǵû뵽Ѿƺ͵ơ⣬Ȼôľ֣
ƽ桢ժºһϼ죬ͱøŵˮδŵַľȴиζγ˻öԪļɫơ
ǸɿڣȻַ棬ڸ㴼
񰡣ǱΪèèٹ⡱Ҿƣ
ǴûкȹôôԣȴôԵľƣ
ǾӨ͸ɫҺջʱֱûнӴôԵŨҵϢۿڱǣӶ·𱻳ñľ
ǿڿǱƳȥ󣬾ֵζĶغˡ
ˣǻһ˲¡ôĹƺǺܿͷˣȻèèٹ⡱Щ΢ͬĻ
ǵģܣһȤζ͵ֻͳһΪèèٹ⡱ǰӵζò֡Ǳ÷ζ٣Ҳûг
ÿһƵϸϣͬ
꣬ζõƣڶʱƤһҩݣҲŽľͰİɫҾƣм̿ƾŨȸߴ90%ġΪҾƣؼӣڳƷŽĥ˵ĿȶĿȾƣģȻй͹Ź֡ȴԲѵĺͷƺͷ۴ƣ
ǣͳ硰õζèèٹ⡱۴ζèèٹ⡱͡ͷζèèٹ⡱ϡŹֵĴࡣ
ԽƷǾԽ̲סҪΪ˲ĳзˣ
޲һͰеľƶ顪Ҫ֪ǴϢԺֻڴпڼ䣬¶ŻᰴеĿ۾ˮ
Ϊ˷ֹƻˮķζƵ˶ԸһֱľͰﱣܷ״ֻ̬Ͱۡ
Ϊ̶ϱʣҲǽƻĽνӪֶΡ
Ҫ˵Ļǵһ㶼һͰģЩڹ鷳ҪƷʴҲͨѾƣƷֹý벻ĸɫˮǰֵľϲأ
ǼȰǣܴζĹ⣬ƶ̫ˣԶܳܵҡ
ǵһ¶ǺеĴ˾ɫ죬ͷͣڶһ죬Ϳʼ㵸ܺúõλϣ߳һֱģѾ޼ˣıˣǾãţǧĻҲһᵹڵı£
ΰèè񰡣Щƿ̫ˣ
ڶͷʹѵǣȴ̲סкת󣬾ŽóЩˡ
·ȫԼһЩ룬ܿȫҪղܡ۸Ҳͬ൱߰ľϡ
Ӣǵèè񰡣
Ȼ֪λδĽѱͽϽƵĻһرźıӣһźţһƹŲƸΰoǿףŶŶŶΰƸ֮񰡣Ѿʹˣ


149 
صǳ, ڴԸͨסҲϻؼңΪİȻּɵġ
ЩֱǻߵĻư㲻Ϳ˵Ǯ¶ϵ¡Ƴǡǩ, ǳˡ
⵹ζ, ˶Ƶľƹ
ֻڻûʱ, õľƷǶϵ͵ƾơơΪڸвôɬѾ, һƵݳƷҲǴ˶ĸ߼λˡ
˽Ǯ⣬Щڸ, õ˸ҪϢ
ʹ˹ѾԸ׸ǵҪɳһЩĿƣ̽, ݵĹҲȽϻ
һЩⰲΣķϣͨġ
ܶʱ򣬼ʹǱûʶ, Ǳ⵽һЩǳʵҲĸ˹˲׽ʵĶ̬ˡ
£, ˹ëᵽ׸ǵɲڴչë
ëôһѣҲЩĶҲһ, ˹
ëѼںڴȥë, ķܹøˬ, Ҳõ
ë޼, Ǿһƴ۵ϴǻᷢŨζᣬʺϳñġڶչȥõĶ죬Ҳë۸˵ļڡ
ⱻᣬ˹ȴֻݵЦЦ׵ǣ¡
װĸ˹ЦЦڵһֻǹô򵥰ɡ
˹ͷƵ˵»֪ǣЩʿսʱĿǴĵĶۣ洩ģһ˫ëˡ
Ŷ
Ȥˣ˹΢Цŵȴġ
ü춼ͨ¶ǽòȷռ˸˵֤ݵĸ˹䴽ǣڸ׸ǵÿǰ˳ֻʱͰѻسһģв̡һʽķڶ̶һͶһأũˣ󷽵Ҿ˵һ鶼û£ɲƺڸ׸ǵĴѾȫɵ£ūΪѰҹӶ
ţǻһĨȻĻȡ
һϵʮжִֻҪԶλƻӹƵˣһʱΣյϢˡ
ֲڵ飬ǶֱӼȴĥƳɱõĻϣͨϻʱƵĻ֮һũæѾ£ҪȥӶ

ѵ̾˿ݸǵλھӣƺҪϵһء
ùﳣõ˵һλĿˣǿǲСĶϲĳһ
˹΢΢ף𾴵ĵ£Ѿѵˡ
Ȼǰʿ̵£Ⱥ˻ԶԶﲻܻ°Σĳ̶ȡٻһȺʱũߣŷ¼׵ġӶҪҳϣԸΪ˸ȫ
ùܼЩǣԶɲľӵǿŶеͷ۵С£ȴüͷûһ£ȻƽЦţˣװĹܼĲ֮ͣΪõ󡪡һûѪĵٷҲǺõ𣿡
ظףΪȻǣ¡
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Ŀù¶ǱЩĥŮūıҽֺͲϽšܲϷϵͳԤĹƨԭˡ
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ڸ񴼣صΣһǻģֱӹǿ͵ľŻȵոһ·ֱθǽ˻ζƳϡ
ûͷԵˣҲһ־ƣԻûƷЩζеˣ
ܰ첽跱칤ߵĳɱҲ൱ߵƶΪݳƷƶ80-90öҲһСľͰֻ׾ƾƵľͰ1/3С˲䱻һա
ʵ̫Ǯˡ
˲ջ󹤾ߡľͰӵԭϵĳɱϷ3Ӵ󣬶̲סզࡣ
ͨǱߴĴĿһСһֻֻͰ뿪̲ס̾ѹָеӴ˰
ӽ90öһͰƣǸ߼ˡ˵кתֵļ۸ܱ⻹Ҫ1-2ֹ
һϼܾͳһյʢҲǽ׿ƷǽζӵޱǿģͿŵпʽǰµġ
ºڲ΢Ӵ󣬵Ҳ㽵ļ۸
ⱾߵϡΪĸ߶·ߣ޷衢˵ˮƽҲעڲ͵ʧʵ£ľֻ࣬׾ƺ׾ƾƾ͹ˡ
¶ĴƻɣļҪͶͼࡣ
һʿǴӰ¶ѡõˣͰؽѵΪ󱸾һߴܵǲ˼
Ϊ˽ʡֲūΪȥμѵ׳ͶʧָĵΣƳһݸʽֶˮ
ͨŤֱɹܵݹתܽλڵʹˮԴԴϵߴǰںõһ
ȱȻҪתֱЧϿԱһͰͰȥˮٶҪˡ
Ȼù¶Ҫ˵õèèµǻۣܷҪŤľҲݸתˮķĻõֱӳΪһٵĽ
뷨ܼ򵥣һһλصŷأ˵ھ
Ϣմӹ˵ūһ·ˡ
èè񰡣ǿ٣
ΰèè£̷λޱҫ
ǿ˵ˣֻƷ͵̣ҲҪȵ졢ͨǳＫϿĿԣſܵء
ȴֱһԾٵλã
һƲסļȫ˶侲
ûȥתĻôܶأ
ôĹܵôֵݸˣ˶޷һš˲ء
һҪƵֻܿˡ
Ȼòæһ죬ôأô˵ҲҪСʱɽ࣬Ҫֻˡ
ܴūһ½ٵջʵ̫ˡ
ܿͻ룬׳ŵȥʹ£ýšҵĽҲͦء
ˣҪô򵥵ĻԼȥֵõ㡣
ºЦ쿪һ䡣
Ϊ˭óﲢûκζ⣬ҺŵǾʵū鲻Խظ¶Ц׷׸Ļ
ǰѵ벻𣿡
Ȼһ궼ûúϴһεĳţȥĸӣ
ܲڸһߣţȥĥ
ţȦߣת𣿡
ۣǺܿ䣬ıˡ
ڳɹ˵ע󣬾ͽ˽ʱ˳ʾ˵ˣΰĵ¸һЩʾõĻεķͶεˮܰǵæҲҪܵݸ˵ķʽ
ˮ
ūֻһ˼
ܽ˾ηȻġֻǿʹ߰ɣ
ְְ֣֣
һݵһ߾ִٵקŲ֪ΪʲôӸոһֱڷİְֵ½ǣһСţҶɢˣǸûȥɻˡ
ţ
ĲɵӦŻ˶ӵĻ
ǿߴǸĿĳƿЦӵԴ֪ˣ߰ɡ
޴ôóء
Գš
Ȼţȴʼ޷ƽЪԺһֱظŹ¸Ǽʾ
Ƿ绹ˮ޷ġ˷ĸеηǿ
ġ


153 
ʮա
, ǻǿˬʱҲһļ⣬Ӱļڡ
ϰϰ, , żһصƲǴһЩ
ڰ¶ﶺ֮ĳʱǶ, ʱ, ֱһͰͰһá
뵽ЩͿǮƵҾƺ͹, طΪǴߵ, ͸Ǽ˯ˡ
˶ѡǰ, һʱ۳ϡļ𣻶ˣѡǰ׸ǡ
ǰԶԸ׸ǲϤ, Ҳ·ơԸЩȥСˡ
ǻͱȶĴ̣ȻҪһʱЩЩļҪ罻Ĺүˡ
þС˭λɲǳĳԴԣһĸＸأ
ʹʵ̫ˡ
һòñϵǵ㺹, һ򻳶̾ţʱ·ӿӰ̰, ﻹϵó
Ȼ֪ʱ̡̫ϺҲ, ·ȵƽһֱǲɱĻ
ʼΪ, ϰ·ξѾ˲ˣʵǣ뿪¶Ѿһ·ˡ
ڵȻûذ޺õ·ľͷأ
Ҫðĸ̾Ļ, һ̲ס¶΢Ц
޵ÿԭ, Ȼڹ˵ȵȷһ, Ӱ첢ûдܽͻͽĵز
ֻʵع۲, ƶ˾忪·ķѣԭȵ·Ǳֱϵ, ඼һ죬ǼֱǼӴְˮһڱİݴγһˮݡ
˻ͨУҪģֻǽϵ˫ѥӺݵƤ˫š
ڴӲֶܿ顢ȥǻŸеز㵹ȡǶԣһ۲۵ˣͱȶݳӸ׸ȥ¶ʱߵľǾ·棬Щҵյꡣ
Ҫʱĵڰ͹ƽĵϵ̫˺峵ϵҲССģԷ̤С
һˮЩĻֱӻȵۡҲǱԵ
һ滳ҪӣΪƵ㶪С
Ƶ·ʱùͨеĵ·ɽͺλãɽ򿪱S͵ĺһ߰
忪·ʱ´עѡбµת۵ϣðʢķʽ٣ʱ·ɽǲתˮ·ʱڵľպͱʣ·λã·Եñп̶ֹ·⵽
û̾ЧʣڰѾó档
Ҳû취
ʱֻȫͼ򵥹ߣûޱȱĲ
ڲµɲ͵Ϯͼ󣬰·ȣʹΪˡ
Ҫż·޵̫ãԼԿ˽ʱҪűصĹеɲ
֮ԼūһСأҪΪǰչʾ¶﷢չľĺʵǸӶгĶѡ
ҲΪԼҪڵæһ󣬾ͲСİ·¸ˡ
Ҫȥ׸ǵ·һôƽĻжð
Ȼû˵ɼסѡ仰ȴޱȵᵽĻ̤Ϥ·һ̣Ƶ̾˿
߹ôƽĺ·󡭡Եþ··⣬޷ܵĵزˡ
СĵǵľƣԸһЩҲǧľͰˣ
ضԳǿţʵĵز
óҲѹ
ÿֲСһŽϴʯӣҪľؿһľͰ𶯻ޱȵĻ򷭻ѡ
ڻе;ʱȻԶһϤӰ
Ȼ˵ϤҲһŴ׶ѣ˫鵭ͨѶ㲻ϡ
ǲ˰ɣǸ̡
ȶСȷϹЩؿ̬š˵ĶԷֹţѵôͰѻˣذ¶ٽһƣ
ٻơ
ŵĽͼʵ飬ԶؾͳԷ˻֣ôŻŵģ׸Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Щ˻ӭЩ׾ƾƵļ۸ҲԲЩ׸ĸ߼ۣýʳüˡ
ȻҲǣʱسΣþ쵽
ô£·ˣ̴ҲˣҲȫûˡ
ýЩ󣬿ʱŵĻٿȻ
ΪϴˣȻܿԷĴ״̬֮ǰΪġǰ˻ϲȲҪһȥһֻӳ졢Ѿŵʧǵľ񰡣
㻹װĲˡ
ȻѾ˼䲻ԤУǱһ˿ңѯţԸΰèè㰡㿴˺ܶ಻õ顣
ˮˮ
ɫ԰ף촽ѵĲ˶˵ĵһ仰Ҫˮ
һ̴֣Ӿ̽һɾˮˡ
ò˵⶯ˮ˺üˮζ治һĹŹ֡
ͱȶ˶ǿʵˣӲͷƤ༸ڣúԵЩĵζ
ȴǱžһûˮζ˼͡˹ˡعһֻˮˮ

ڻһɫͫȴȻΪ־ͷذ¶ٲϽȥҪˣ
ľ棬ͱȶȴûзӦ
ƴˮʱǾͳԾضǱޱȵ
˺һǲٴδߴ£̽ѯʣҵĺѰѵǿ𣿡
ʲôǿţ˿Ц˵ɲľϾҪˣȫ̽ϡģҵĻҵˣȫûˣ
ײװľӵĻҳ̶ȫţӾ
ҪںӳĻֻҪԳһ㣬Ǿ֮￴˵Դڽ̼ϵġ
ǰߵĻ
˱סɱΪǹûʵı¡ɡ
ﱻǿжߣΪ˲ˡ
ҪǻûʱͲԵĵطתܵùĻڸ׸ĿɾͲֹĻˡ˵ĻΪҲӵɡ
ɲûɣ
λһԼʹڸϼ޻ּóסϲҪͱȶ̲סȻԼĶˡ
ֻλȻҶԹ³ǡ
ˣλ˺ѣǶΰʹء
ʹԶ񣬵ϢϾԱȴ˶ҪͨǣܿͲ³Ĺϡ
ٿȻ˳Ĭ
ذ¶
ܶԶͶԶˣȴһҧⱲ󵨵ľȻȥٶȰ¸߹£׼ģôǾŻЩҪĻͼʱһе¶ܣ
ҪǿʻԶٽ׸ǣһʹͰϺüꡣ
Ҫ֪λ߹õĵ¼⵽£ȴ֪鲻ѡԹ۵Ļ
һһӵģ


154 
ûܵô
ЩȵķŻҳɰ, ³عϡ
Ƥ÷ۻֻС£ؼ۾Ҳˣֻгһǿǰ·ϸ졪ֻҪ΢һЩ, ͻɳײ, Եֱ
Ҳţҧúܽ²С̽Ļ, Ǿҵĵҧͷ
û߳Զ, ȴоȥ·Եޱ
ûбֽĻ, Ծӱ޵£ֻ˴ʱ, ̤ҹɫص˰¶ǡ
˻ƵǸ
ŵȻѾعˣԾ, ɤӺзǳҪ, Ҫˣҽȥɣ찡, ȻҪˣ
㲻Ѿ𡣡
, ǹȻЩӡ
ԥ£һ˻ȥͨǱǱ, һ׷ʲôˣ
, 뵽óȻ˵ڵĻ𲻱ҪĿֻţǻǼѵסˣǸǷǳҪ飬ҪֱӸ˵
ɫ࣬һ·糾͵, ݶԵú, ûжʡ
һ, ȥǱͨܿͻˣҴûȸԾϢ˹Ҫ㣬ȥɣ
ǣ
ظһͼ˸һ϶ĳţֱǱķ
ܿͼλҼĴεĹܼ
ЩĿİĳ󣬸˹ϵı鼸ûκεı仯ֻص˵ͷ֪ˡ
ң˹ƵģԸԼҴҵزţǼһԲ鿪Цģ
Ļ
˹ѵº͵ɤλˣһὫƴϢ𾴵ĵ֪ҲʮָлΪ˵ҳϡ룬ҪǵĻҲһϣȥϢ־
̫ˡ
ȷõ˸˹ĳŵһֱ񾭵ĻиƣҲҵ˳ϯԸΰèèԶ𾴵ĳУ˹
˹΢΢ףлףˡ
ܿ죬ܼұ㽫Ϣݸ˼Ϣ
˰ڶݵĳԾ󣬷̫ˡ
ҪǸ׸ǱһֱŲĻ͸һѵͷþòһеꡣ
Էµٿļǰ˵Ǽ¡
ҲˣΪͨϢ飬ȴ¶ǷˡݸȺú˯һɣһ磬͸ӳȥӭˡ
˹ףǣ¡
̤·;ɲȻ֪ĿĵصѾǰõϢֻ
֪غ;ĸƵĹеĲӣԷ;
·档
ڳĵ죬֧неĲӾӮһܻӭ꣬˱ܳ
۸񲻷Ƶķ겼Ȼֲͨʿʹãȫڸе;ˡ´ò࣬ǵ¶Ǹ϶ղĴɲ˴˹ȫµӴݶ
ĴµĻҲζšΧõʱ䣬಻ܳһ¡
Էһֲ£Ӧû⡣

Щȵİʽʽɲĵô˸Ƿ
ĵ۽һᣬֵǸ׺ʵıʯޱޱ⿴ۡ
·档
ţǿ·ҾͶ԰¶ǺڴˡһǾ仰ҪĹطô꣬ǾԲǻֺġϴȥƾխĳУѾȥˣϣ
ҵҡϡ˹ݶصͷһ˿ػش𣺡Ѿȥ11ˣ𾴵ˡ
ĵĲжǳᡣһֻ13ͰѾƣʫ˵ˮ׼Ҳ͸ǷƿɳµŮƬһƶ񤡣
ӽ̾㻪˿ǻװģظ̾ţҲûȡ˰գôͲܰҪ·޵㣿
ûдݡܴͶʯײеڶݻµΣĵģҲóʻˡ
룬жµǷ޴žСϽϵı/ͽﶪҪԭɡ
ޣҾȻѾˡɼʵظ̾ţǿĲж
ɻǿϣȻûнλһȷޡԴӱϳ󣬾Ϳֻʣ¼λʿȵҪһЩõ񡭡ūΪС
ڴȥƣùά˹Ĵǰαõģʹʱ֪һλƽĲҪλѪӸ߹ĵһС鷳ȵɹҲһ⻯Ϊġ
ҪαƭסλµСó¶ǡԼ׷һѪĻȻٺòġ
СɵĻֻöˡ
ҿɲ˶ְ뵽΢ۣ૵ܺúװġʹ
Ϊһеɲζû뵽ԼڵеĿꡣ
£ǰ·
죬ԼеɤȻ𣬻ȵĳ˯Ĳ
üԺЩ˭
ԥ£ڰڵһλ۵ʿ󣬸ټװʿǹӶŵų˵ʶֱӼ
ɲΪ¶װжǿ󣬵Ϊ˾ܲҪʮʿǰٶӶ
һЩϢͨӶţڵõλҪƸ˵ʱҲֱӳ׸ëԼġ
ܶԷⲻƣҲûвá롱֣ϻǱܵ²ˡ
ڴС
ͷü󣬺ȻҲΪ²ˣֱӸǲҪˣߡ
˵꣬뵽˵ġʶ仰˲⣺ˣҾȥ˭ɡ
ͫʿʶ
ؿΪʿĳʱ亹ৡűˡ
ġ
š
˫Ŀʱ֪ԷܶԼȻоͷƤЩ飬ƤҲʱʱһ¡
ôûʶͬʱӵĴڣϿֻһ
ʣȻ޷˵ػλʹϵĶȮ˹˹ֵ¡
ޣⲻǸ˹𣿡
Լⷽۿɼ˶ڣڿƲסԷսϵĿֲսʱɵ̲סЩ롣
Ц߶λúһ㣬̵ؼţôͻȻ
ɸ¡˹ޱ˵ȫ֮ǰұ㡪𾴵Ҫ㣬Ǳˡ
ˣ
ʶš
μ棬¡ɡ
һöȻ
ɲ֪ۣѭȥ
ֻһ˫޳ƿɫĶ˹Сƥɫְϵˣ¶ò
Ǿ¼͸򢣬ֻаƴСֻʫ΢ġϵĹݣĴﵱӣҰעĿҪСǣҪ̰ҧ顢ϸϸƷ
ӳյε˯ʯ㾧ӨϾoֵ汦ء
ͷ΢΢ģ貶Ŀչ۳𷢡ǽ𷢵˾س΢ЦʱĿѣԵ÷ֲ徿Ŀ˳㹻Ȼٵǿҳ
ʵǡ̫ˡ
ɾ벻ôˣϲͯȻ׳һ죬ȫ޵ضһ˿һ졪񰡣ǸҪĳǳصˣ
ʧȥֻմ죬ɵضŶԷʱλԡʹ֮֮ļڣҲЦſˡ
΢΢ǺŲмᷳ䵭֡Ƿźǿƣ߹ѪĶ׹ӵеġ
ѣ¡
ڳؿǴƯ΢΢⶯ŽĿڷֱɲѾܾûʸֱ
ޡ
ƬޱͻأļžУɻ˲ʱŴƵ״̬ѡ
ûǰòͯʱǿǼȱǿ͵ţֱܵЩη
ԥƬ̺󣬻Ƿλӵв˼òСܼ𾴵ĵ¡һǲò˵ѡĵصʵЩ⡣
ɾͿλʹЦһ¡
˵ϻˡؾĻķӦʮƽ˹ֱӿս


155 
ڡҪŻλС, ɲʵѾ˺ܾˡ
һƻĸ׸Լ֮Ҫȥһöûʲôֵĳ룬ҪΪλƢõ¹ԵЧ, Ҫ͵ȨĿֲġ
λĹϹܼƺ൱ƫ¹ȴô롣
ŹԲõϣ˶ӵбȽ, Ȼ㹻ʮǰվλ, һﱣסԼЩݶ
ڳﱸʱֱͺȻ䷢ã׹ı, , ̫ȡ
Ȼ, 㣬ûжһٵλʮĹܼ˵
ܳĸĿ, ζΡŻǡôҪժ߰¶öʤʵֲܽˡ
Ǽ򵥣ô
ʱûΪ㷢
ζû뵽, ûԼҵķ, ԭӦöͻȻϮһ֪СȻͶĿġ
Ȼ, ֪, ԷȴûηߣҲûнŵڳǱﱸս, ֻԼ߹ݡҪеĹɱ֧Ԯ
Ƿ˼ѡһ, ڰ·϶ס, Ƶ
սˣ
ɶ·𻹻صŸղǾƵĻ, Ժֻһͷ

ڷǰ, ¿˶ԷŵľӹģҲͰ˰ٶ, ҳڶǰʮλʿ⣬˴öǿƼªļУ廨ŵı
ɵȻ֪ûСʮλʿλġޱʿǰʿԼֽɸѡѡѵһĽ
ʵսô£ǿʿӣԼͷ̰µ˶Ҫʮָߵĸ˹Ժ֪Ŀ̱̬ţٿȥЩƣҲṩó
Щ֮Կģ죬ǳԲͬԭˣȥϾɵЩԭȷɳǵľ//ԻҵģƷ΢һЩҵģ֧ùǿŵģƷãʽҲȽģǰѾջصһ¶е
νʿĻװ磬Ͼ̲ס¶ЩЩ΢Цݡ
ôһ֧ӶĶ飬ʮʿҪǧʿԿ
ȻһֱϹǻţ棬ȫµС
»λǿͶǰʿ˹벻ԼڹĽ￿ӱŵǡƾˣǾսʤľӵģ
ޣ𾴵ĵ°
ԷӦɲһŸоСֿɰ
ʲôأ
ɲ̰Ưףܿ뵽ֻԭ֦ϢȴС¹Ĺ÷ߵС
ӵɫޱעƯӵܶԿСצͼ๣ǰȴǴòһ
һʲô
һΧ۹ǵıһ˹ؽƱţȫûнĻﵱ£Ҷȫûж⣬ԸھӵĻȥ¶ĳǱһ
ΪΨһҪ䱸ģﶼպʿ˹Ȼһ㲻뿪СµߣȻġӡҪָʾȴޱ˰ϡ

ϾĸȤ룺ϹҲ뵽ʿҲʵʵذݵʹòǰɣ
֧Цġӡܿڸ˹ŵǵĺ£ɲǳǽľǿΧסˡ
һŴƤֽȥ䵱Ľһ¿ģ˭ȥʵ֪ʵһ
ɣ׸̬Ҳɡ
ȴ©ٳġΧе൱⡣
¼ǵԶһ㡣
΢΢˹ף˵仰󣬾˹شֻèèָǿҪ£èèչذǾ˵ȵ˺ܶࡣ
ȻöǳĿĽָǿչİ죬ǵůĹҫ;Բˡ
ʼ֮ǰװèè񰡣ýָ󣬰ȻѪСѯߵoҵġţƶٶȱһЩ𣿡
Ȼԡ
𷢵ҲգؾʹӦЧʼߣǽָעһԼ
գգۡ
Ȼû顭èèӦ󣬵ȷ˲оӯ˲֪ٱ
üˡ
Ȼע⵽˽ͻȻöָĶȴ˿û⡣
ĿܿϸָƿСԽԽƲ۾¼ֱԼŹʰò
Ҳֱʱװģ̾˿ΪʲôǲԸҵĻأĻҲֻá
Ȼֹ
µƥͨѩ׵ĿȻش˸ǣߵ棬һСС̳
˵ԭ򣬵ŵġһֱΪɼѪҺͻȻǿҵǰδеĲԤС
һĺ㣬˳żǳһ·ֱͷƤ
ǵܹеطܿƵظֳһԵļƤ
ң
˲ö룬ɲԽ̬ĳᣬͬʱŵشţǸ£
ʲô
һ̻Щģʿʿǣһ̾ͱȻֵɲһͷˮ
ԭǵð𾴵ĵ¡
Եص˾ǸȻЧɼǶʮʿȻԥضԲ·˶԰Χǵİӽйָ
ڰ
ضһۣˡ׽סԷľ
ǻǵˣȻǲֱ˺һҲȡʲôġֻҪܻ׽סԷⳡ鷳սǰˡ
ôֻ֡˺棬ʱǧʿָӣʣǶʮһѵصʿϳŰķٸȥ
˹Σյ΢ۡ
һ̣Ͷǵ뷨
ܵذνʣҪǰӦս
뵽СǰС
˹ǼѵסˣֻиܵͻȻŷŨսȻسǰһͱסˣίءܡһ
ø׸ǵʿǸе㵵ǣһСĵ飬λ˵ݵĽ𷢹ͻȻƾնһöԲġڷֵġ˻˻ĺ
ĹŹԲֻɫѩסƤϸ֡ţɫϣγĶԱȡ
öԲ򲢲󣬵·ڵʱ˱ܵЩ⣬û뵽κá
˹ԶһЩ
⣬ûٿڽʲôֻǺȻһ·ţһ·߹·һһطЩŹֵĺ

䡪
ŵһö۵ġ򡱺Ȼըһı/ըЯſֲ˳
˶˲ϾֻһƬհס
Ҳ˳졢빫ĿʿǾֻϿĴֱӱֲķ˹죡


156 
ı/ը, Ũǵأɳʯñհ׵˶ر۾
ִɰֱػڴ, ҲǴʹġ
ܿأǾǿԼ۾Ȼؿǳʿͬ鱻ų˰ա
ž׵ʿǿı/ըǰþһѧĺӣǵ֫ȻŤ˼, صˤ˵ϡ
ʺѪҺһ䲻Ļ, ·ɿӡ
ûţͷǰǡ˸޷ֱǾѾˡȻ΢ĺ
ΰĹά˹񰡡
һ¸ηҳϺսƵʿǣʱĵȴĿ־塣
ɲסǰͷ, ɲؿⳡ/ըˡ
ȻŽ, ǹɲȴǻȥĵ, شܹǵļ亹
Ǿʲô
Ȼûǵʡ
ǳгo, ʿ״ˣϾп׵ķϳӵнϺġѪ, Ȼ, Ҳȷ˲ʧȥʶȫɥʧֿ˾Իš
Ϊ˲ʿһöըĹը, øԼߵĽoŨ, ͵ض, ֱӰѻеϵԶȥˡ
, λĽûж࿴ڵϡδ֪ʿһ, ͼǰ, һͥŲ, һ߼ڵϰڷµը
öԲըͬʱڵת, ˻˻ɿȼߵĿֲǵĸ׸һӶԸĿ³
Ӣηʿŵǰ˵ǹӶͱˡ
ۿλʿըһĻλڶк˾ը˹ʧҪȥ
Ȼ֮ǰſƿЦİΧȦʱó
ܲܰȫ˶סҪѾʧȺһʱᣬǴ´ˡ
ı⵱ȻҪըȺֳɵͶ֮ѡѪһôըΪ𵽾ԵЧ
׸ɲͬڰ¶Ѿǳ̷ɼǶʮʿԼ壬ζڳٹ̡˵ɼ̾ᾭӪ£Щź˿ˡ
Ҫ뽫ʧȫסǣͱڳ䲻Ǵ棬ֱóԷֶɱӺ
ûл̫ʱ䣬ſƻ©ٳİΧסĸ׸ͻֵ̿ʶһ㣺ԽǳΧͼԽױǿµĶ
һ̻ش󺰴еˣһ̾ͱŻĺ̹졣
ҲǱšϲӵļݰ㣬һ´Ӵ̶Ȼˡ
ǺܿѧˣٸڿΧһƬ¼⼷Ƿͷϳȥ
类ȳ㣬˺ѷεزҽţżһš
Ҳ˸ûз֣ͬļԱûأǱӴĹеûܵ㲨
ǰеʮ˳ΧŸ׸µ20öըһֱɪɪɲ޷ֲ֪ʱͻȥĿ־ĥ
ǲĺỤ̃ʹ˷ĲҽͿѳŵĹүĵˡ
ֽŶòУֻ֫ãҡҡλεشӳ˳˻𾴵İ°ΰĹ£ˡ޴֪ðڸĵĻɣ
ɾһ˿ϣǣǵʵӰͣ
ңԸ׳еҳϣĺһ٣Ͻʾ֭ؼȡֻҪҵɼһᡪ
ҪͶ𣬸¡
ǵȻ
Ȼʱɣû֮ǰԳĵˡ
ǾˮͻȻһһһе߬סŵţǵģǵģʴȵİ£ԸҪһУֻҪԭҽ޴ð
˵ЩܾһƬͻأľףصȴŴ𰸡
ңСûоĥ˼
ƺǾ˺ܶݵĿǣǵöٴγˣҸɴؽģèèٹϡԸͶ
лά˹
вɢȥڷ˲䣬̱ڵء
˹Ŵüͷšøˡ
Ȼֻõɵ˭λҲϹսΪƴɱ类ָʴ˶־ϲ汻Ƶˡ
ǡ
衣
ҳϵĹܼޱǰֻ˴Ĳ廨󣬴³ֱӵһͷ׵һ
ؽڶһѿƶõɲȻǱġ
ղԵԨĿֲȴһ䱧ԹĻ˵ϵ֣СӥȮ˸ѿЦ
һֹͣµըյͺܿɢȥ¶˽и׸ĿĵһĻ
ðѪ֪ʿڣнλͬڵһȫޡ
ˣð¿ֵ½˵ķ²ȥ˹´ָʾ׸ĹӶױҲһߣȹѺڰ¶ĳǱĸǣ׸ǰ
⻰һͷ̨ĳλŵɲȻ̧ͷ
ʶͼ۾š
ʲô
ͫ׾£૵ôܣѵҪ
𶼻ԷθڣȻ̰ҪֱӶĸ׸𣿣
ѪҺͨľֽţʱޱȱ䡣
ôң
ԺһƬңȻƿ©ͬʱߵҲһϲȵ񡭡ܵһУûиоˡ
¡
ֱʹƽȻ֣Ȫ벱㣬һ飬ѹ
ֻڵѿƣǲ֮ǰװģˡ
ܹ˭
ֻܹԼǸĿϵ޴
ȫ͹λһҹһеľأλĴ³ظϳ·˭ܲһŵС
֪ڰԼԸϡ޴òıǩͬʱԷȴܲɫظǴһ
𾴵ĵ¡
ЩִٵЦЦʲô飬ڵģŭأ
ôǱصʼٸߣȴֻĵη壬ܲܽ֫΢һɡ
ɵ㣬¡ֻмСҪ㡣
Ƶ˵ţ̨ҵʵλ
Ľo͹ܼҸ˹Ȼ£Ǹɵ
̨ɡȴǻмĿռֻҪ΢ͷܿһ˫˫ѥӡ
Ը۾ƭԼֻһجΡϧ۾ػشΨһִ˵⡣
ܿ죬ĵһͳˡ
ڸ׸ǵ˭
ƺ˼۾µµصתڱ׫ԡ
̾һ
ʹݣº͵˵ɲħĻô򵥵ҲҪ˼𣿻Ҫø˹һ££


157 
ɲȻ֪, ҪһΣյĸ˹䡱һµĻԼҪڶԷ޾ĥ
ԭҪҪ跨Ūһ°ڱôв, ٲˣʲôˡ
ζԸ⽻׸ǡҪ, ȻҪλƢ൱Ư, Ըͷ
ڵҪĴΪ, ǿ¡
˵, Ȼ, ĶءΪʧ, ιжʧƹԷѵΪռ¶㣬ֳ
ôܻҸһ, ĸ׸֣
˵, ֻǮΪ˵ǡ
ô΢һЩ, Ҳ˵Υģ, ʮֱǸ𾴵ĵ£ԭҸղŵʧ񡭡ֻѾܾûڱľˣղŵĶ΢һЩ, ҵĶﻹЩ, û⡣
ɸ¡
ڰӦǰ, ˹ؿڣѵǴ, ԼΪðٶԻ, ʩС͵Ϊ, Ҳǲ׵𣿡
Ȼ, ˹һжӦãһܻѾǵʴȵ֤ˡҸ׸ǹĹά˹ģҶԵµĿжôỳκβأ
ɵͷƤһ飬Ҵææر⼸󣬰˹شĻ
£̧佫Ÿ߹ڹ͵˼Ľ𷢹ѵѹõͳɤЩ΢ζ㻹һλشĻᡣ
ȴĪܵǰδеĿ־塣
ִٵ˿ĭ¹£ɬֺõǡڸ׸ģλĹܼҿϡ˹ݶ𾴵ĵ¡
ס
ȴûĵȥѯʹڳرĲ𣬶ǻ˸Щ⣺ѾΪЧҶˣ
Ȼͷˮʵʵػش𣺡ϵļ壬ΪɼķѾˡ
΢΢üҶ˽⣬¶ļƻ²ֻһ˵⣬һλܼҵĲɣ
ɵ۵һƲ죬βŵ˵ͷɳǡ
Դζʣÿ뿪׸ʱ𣿡
ɣǡ
γѾеĹе𣿡
ɸո϶Ĵ𰸣ͿڶԷžϣ¶һõĿѣԡȴŻѪЦݣϲݿɸ¡
ɣ
ֻĶڵѪ
뵽Լһǧ𣬵͹ľϣΪЩʹޱȵĹеȴ˵·ϺȫսɹȥҪתͷڹĸ׸ϣ

ҪĻԷҪЩ鷳еֱЩ㹻ľƵֶͺˡ
ܽը÷ɱԳǽҲһݿ
ɼѵЦЦ⣬ҵҡ¡
ףһĨÿĻȣ£ʱֳ̹ϺϣڳɹشҸղ̫ͶĻ⡣
Ժ𽥻ҵĴǣЩŵ˵ţ£ҡ
źǣ˹;ԣԵ
ʾͣǰվӸµؿڵϵɣӨ͸۾һǳЦ⣺Ϊ˴ʱ䣬ҽôھͿʼĸ汲һĹ¡
ɸãȻĻʹŽo븣˹
Ȼ
ȵᣬǸϲ
СľԸ׸ԣֱһĵجΡŶ̶̼죬⵽˰¶ء
ԭΪоòһеĿĻǰﵽҲǰȥˡȴû뵽λĽɱΪֲĴڡ
ٶ뷨һĺ/ըһ߾֪ûˡ
еĴˣֻʱٽ۵񣬲ûбѪսĶ־
Ȼ߹˺ʿǶˣ²ҲˣǡƺҲֻʣ¹Թ·ˡ
ۼʶֳĿֶ⣬û˻ȥλƯ
ǸеЩܳǣԹүôֱֱӵֻоǵ̬ȴ൱Ƶģûб޴Ҳûаǹǵ·ǱΪū
ս󣬾ͺɫǼ֮ǰˡȻڰ¶ļල£ҾǰķҲԭ˸ת
һǶǵĳɹԸǰؼ׸ˡ
¡
Ĭõĸ˹ʱ̲סѯʵѵǻɿϡ˹ݶҳϺ𣿡
֪ʲôİ󣬲ɵЦЦѵҲŪͿװĸ˹
˹ֵص˵ͷ
ֻڲ²⣬һж϶ѡ赭д˵ţȻ̷Ĺܼңٱ϶ĹһдչĽǶȳġιʾ˳ӣŶѡñĴ£㲻λܼҲһٵĲ롣ҵһ뵽ݵĽɫҲ¼
˵⣬ɵЦЦ͵ϾԼҵͷڱϣԶȷʡԼ޴Ҫö࣬ǶԹԡ𣿡
ҪǸ׸ǷҪûнԷĴ㡪ٽﶼС
ü޵ΣţһϱȽȱٹԵİǸϲͷӪԼĵ̡
Ȼ׸Ǹ鷳ΪССıҪΪʼٸߵ͹ϵôӡҪôҪôͳ״õоĻᡣ
Թԣϵ˵ǡϵغϵɥʧ
˹ﴽǣ۵׽ӿɵĽųԣһ˵ǰ㣬Ӣĵ¡
ǷЧҵʱҪλܼǷԸǳΪ𣬽װ˵侲˵ţҪǿϻȻٺòҲԸأλʧȥһвƲ˽
ҪǶԷϵĻ
΢ۡ
Ҳֻǵõˣһ˳µɱûлȡֵʵĻᣬѡ
λƿʣô/ŰôͯҲǶӯ
˹ٿȻһ
૵˸׸Ǻ󡭡
˸׸ǺֻҪܾӪУиϱءλֳʱˡȳռ׸Ǻϣ˹дţʧɢڸصʿȫٻ
˹ۿ΢̣ɿףǡ
ûǡ
û챻뿪̷ߵģҳϵʿǡ
ؼװûܼ۽ǵǵһ⣬޹ȻԸЩѺã˭Ⱥ޳ܵ۸أ
ΰèèΪ֤
ֻǸҹȻ赹ڵأġѰ


158 

׸Ҳû뵽, Լô¿Ӱǵ緢ظһǧʿ
֤λܼҳϳ̶ȵʱˣ¡
΢, ҫԵʥϴ΢Ц, ڱöõɲ, ֱÿ𷢶ɢаϢħ

ʿͿء롱, ŻǺ߸߼ſڷȥʱ, Ѿŵúɫ
㲻λħСԼʲô, ں˼һ·, ĿУѾ״˻ʵһɵˣҪûġ
ǵģ⼸ͬһ޹ؽҪĻ㱻, ֻ֮ܵ࣬гԷйʱű⿪ϵ, Ѿ˿ϡ
ҪǸĿϷ, ôôһ·
롢벻Ҫ, ˣ𾴵Ĺ¡
ధ, ˫ɸŲ
뱣, ¡Ŀºͣʵ䵭ȿ, ĸ׸ǣΪ˵㣬ΪʲôҪ³
˵, Ѿְصʿϵſǰ, ĵĿ־, ˻£Ҫ
ûǿ򻤳ǺӵĶ԰վڸ߸ߵĳǱܦϡһӰȻڣ˹
ǣ¡
˹ǰ׸ǵʿֻҪѾϳǷ²һλǵĻɿϡ˹ݶǣ˶Ի
ǱںʿֱԼ۾
Ǹ廨󡢺ڵϵ˸ճʱʵʹκװȻǻ·ѾͰ͵ˣϳݡ
ʱû˸ţᶼᡣ
֧İĵľǼϤףһ֤Ǹֲ뷨
Ҳʵڲǵžӳɲû죬Ȼ˴Ӷ²ˡ
ôܣ
š
׸ǵľʿ׷ˣһڵġյĳǱȲ˺͹ͣҲء
Ѿ˼ǽڵķٽһտǰĳǱǻȥҹֵ̼鷳
ڵĸ׸رǳǱͻǺӱٵÿİͨʿ
ȥ˹ݶ
£ܿô顣
꣬Ŀϡ˹ݶõϢ
˱²ˣ
ظţ˼غЦЦЦʺ͵͡
ⲢЦŮ÷»ɪɪţȥһ۰ɣˣЩʿЩеȫ²ˣ
ϸع۲һɫЦ
һԲؽ·úޣǽͷ¹
ǿʱȻɵŵȻظ
ѭʱλ佻սǰǣڶԷĴǰð˺üʿǾ͵ӪڻǺӵͷһϢ
ǵĳ̫ͻȻˣñĸ׸ƽǰڳŴʿһʼġ
׾ͱ˸սƻĻƭˣֱź󣬲žԼҡ
ȴѾ̫ˡ
Ҳζţڰ¶ĵû˿׼ĲǳǱˣƽ͸ﴦūҲһ
ūȻһľ˭ĵƺӰǵ
ԣԵʮˡ
ںֵ֪ĵо󣬱ܾ͸ǣҪͱҵܡ
ȴͬʱظǣʱܳ˼ŭԷ⡢޼¡
ȵˣôӵùȵأ
˵ǱǿǡҪɷֵܡӻףɶǿۿĵطһķ²ء
һԥһľעʱǼžµޱȷʹƻյĳʿǣȻһС
ҪҪˣ
ԺʱһƬհס
ǸҪղĻҡڷֵһ˲͸һʱɫ̷ʿ¿ֵ£ĹҵǮºѺõЦţʵҪΪͬǺͲһЩʳԸ·𣿡

ʵͣβŵԸԸġ
ΰĹά˹񰡣
һ֧ô֣ôĶ飡
һ±Ƶһ߲𽥷½ĵĸ׸ƽͬڷȷϹ⤵ǸùԼʱɫٿȻڳ
Ƿ
΢ۣһοƲסķ꣬š
𣿡
һߵĹѾͷ󺹣ŵ¸ô죿
ʱ޷ȷ
ϲɫ˼һʿĵط侲ѯŹ£ǵʲô
λʿҪǣ˶ԻؿҪڽŷȥ𣿡
Ȼ
㵵ĿУһƽظ˴𰸣ǵ˻ôܵķ˵ĵ̶ûϵ⵽²ڵ𣿿ʲôЦǾԲӢɸ¡ǾȻôǣɼ߹ѪҺҲ׸ǡ
ϵȻܲµԷҪŻʲô²һӴ𣬶һǳصĹȨ
ۣͼ⣺ǣǸóúǡ
ı
նһǵоıôԶ£ܿ͡ͷ⣬ܿò𣿡
³£㶵ҡҡͷ
tλڼߵĵطϸһǺӵľ룬ǵȷǿǸ˵ľòġ
óȻĽ𣿡ҡҡͷǵؾҪüĵоͨشǵĳǱʱ򣬲һ۲۵ѡ
龰Ҳɵóһ亹ȴҷ΢һƿܣһɸô죿
ҪǼǶԷ̸ҪĻ͵ͬںһλĲ׸ǵԼǵ
ֿܡ
һҧԹԣǶԸ߹ɼѪΪˣǾԲԼ䵽ȫޡſڳĵزġ
˵⣬΢΢ЩȻˣһ˵Ĳôʿ⵽˷²˵Ҳȡð㹻֤Ѿ˵Ķˡ
ΰɲ
ڹ·ӦǰϺȻ콫ֵүǽĴسǱͬʱԮ˵Ķҡβ
ֵǸ¡ɵĳӣҲǶӣȻųһ򲻱¿أƽʱһλˣֻĸ׵
ôһλ޹ؽҪĴڣʱҪȴȫ͹ԳȻûܷκʽľλĸװ˳Ѿ£ָӶǱԱĴڡ
Ҳǿýõġ
ޱܶԷû˵ڵҪ㲻ʨӴ󿪿ڣЭֵܾܲ¸£ֻҪӶԷĻԼǱɵġ
ҪǶԷã·һҪøȴ澡ʧһеĻΪߥ޶ԷˣҲԻ⵽µ޺ͱ
Ψһ·һҧһðƻҡ
׼ϵϣȵȻǸ׸ꡪǲǵˣǸٻ


159 
һº, ȴֻסûָʾȥ
ʲô
ŭš
ʮֱǸ˹ݶһֳ, ӲͷƤ͵̫Զ, ǺС
֪ǹ⻹żȻ, ǸһҧΪðƻĴ, ǡñڻǺͷһ, Ǻѹŵķλ
ϵʱҭסˡ
Ȼǳż, ֱ޲Լӵһ־տ, ֱһעҪ鷳ˡڹȷºǺܿǿԼ侲
ǾȰ
ϣɫ, ûоʹ١
෴, ҪԷľģøӴˡ
ڳ˼˺һڵֵүлҪ˵

ϴ޾յİʱʮڽoһɻͬ, Χųĸйš
װèè񰡡һ޾أǿΪѾϳɵũ, Ҫ»ˣ׸治ϲһǡ
ĸ, ƽ̹ĵΣֵïˮԴֿɵõɭԴ, Խĵλ, Ľͨ, ǮġĻʩ
⻹ֻǻ۵ͨĥ, ŴǱܴھ£
˵ǰʱҲ;ʱʶôѵ״̬ϻûʼȻ֪ũ˵ĽǶȥеĸġ
ȴȫˡ
ѹŷǹά˹񡣡
ֱƲۣԵظ̾š
oһؿߵأȻȫΪʲôôȴװú⡣
ᵽoֺ󣬵k΢΢һǱһëӹ㡭ϸĵطõkо̫
ҪİչʾԼܡ
ֻҪǰϣkʱȻ𵱳ά˹ŮԼĻڶݵĳĬѾ³ƬƬũջеİһسŵţҲԸشա
ְȻǶģȴǹͬġ
ǰ֮ǰkȥָߵ꣬ϢĹǴΡҪȥȻỨôʱ
ϾıԴָԼӵְܻԵøӵӦ֡
kһ㲻鷳
ֻҪϲkһȥġ
kѯţҿô𣬰
ȻkĻ󣬰ֻһ¶õЦݣװèè񰡣ʮָлĿ⣬ֻǾ˵Ҹϣѧжż裬ȴǽϣһؼĴʩϡ̰ȡǲѧʳϵǻۺԼµĺˮ÷գŻῪøãҲá
ҪƽʱĻoһ¶ƶǶ飬Եͷ󣬾Ͳ׷ˡ
ȴЩͬ
k΢Դޱ̵ʲô顭ģðӿأ
΢ȵգգۡ
èèѵڼֱӵѯҪֺô
ԡ
ѸپԼ
Ϊ࣬áֺáȥһλʵЩ̫ˡ
Գ£ûֱӻش⣬ЩЦطʣװΪʲôȻЩȤأҵʮָ㣬ϲҳϵĸ˹ʿ飬Ҳ൱άͰңҪ˵ĻҲȡԼȥʵ
ֻаʵֲȫʵ
Ҫ˵ʱĻһЩôȵ鷳⣬ѾȾ˵Ҫ̫࣬ˡ
ɼʹΪ˹ҲȻִıţκһִ˵۹ôƼչɹԲǹŴƥеġ
ʵҲ
ҪԼèèԸʾصԼǸʱĻèè
ûʹ
һΪԼ֧ʵôҪԸĴۣ縺̫˵κһ֮ǡЩ
һֱʣͲõ񶨵Ĵ𰸣ܱôһϣġ
뵽üͷ΢˼èè
ʼղ֪Ǳ˴˵ղΪĶԷҲ˽⡭ԼǸֵϷϵͳ
ĳЩߵֺ͹ܣԼܿèèӴ硱èèȻܽһ̶ϵĸԤġ
ɾ۲죬ƺҲĸԤ
ڰޱ߼ʵʱĬ˺һèèȻˣһģ
kͻȻ˵
ڳɹĲ󣬵kһţ˳ͨ˼·˵ȥ¶һҪĶյȴǳˡӺҾرΪͬ顣
һǵãҵʶ׵ʱÿյ͵ĻҶǳġ
kһգգؿŰŵ㱿׾ȴޱزţÿյһ仨Ҷϲһ㡣ЩҲúõղˡһϲҵ֣ҵĶ䣬ҵβͣҵġ
ڱԼ֪ʱµǶѡåоĽ¶һĨǿװȻЦʱ񴿾ĲƸ֮Ȼס֣кһֱ
װʱ򣬡kԴ۾ޱרעŰȻһҪ˫տɫƯ۾õһȷеĴ𰸣Ҳһ𣿡
죬ȴûг
֪Ϊʲôڶ˫ξĽͫʱͻȻһ˲ʧ١
Ȼ֪kϣĴʲô
ǰƭһֻƭСèè㣬ڷܼ۵Ļͺˡ
ڡ
¡
ڹ¸ȷǰȻû˵ĶԻȴѸߴͻ٬ֹ˸һĹܼûסνˡ
˱ۣƽλƽʱʵ֣ٱȰоҪõöࣩԺСӵֱۿĳ嶯ƽľѣעڵǰС
ֻǳɱľ󣬽Ȼһƽ޺ı飬ΪԼղŵΪʲôס
kȷΪԼղŵκ⡣
˹ôһǴӸղķΧѹˡ
һģ̫ţ˹
̿ذ˹ܼҼ󣬾΢ڽż⣬յߴٵoĶߡ
ԹִصȴԼ𰸵oһ˿ʹء˵˸ղһȻץס˵ﻰ
װ
ӵһͷ⻹ҪӶĿĽ𷢡ʹʥϾյ΢΢Ц˵ҲҪʵҵԸκ飬ȫԡֻҪһŵﶼߣңҿĵˡ
o
kվţǱԤ֮飬һʱ֪ʲôӦ
ֻж
ؿǰĶǱϼȾİѩĿ糺ɢ
֪˶á
kһԵĸ˹ܼҵĻ£ͻȻɿ츩ڰĴһǡ


160 
ס, ˹
ȫӦ֮ǰһ飬ʧ仰
ҲҺüʱ
ǵʯ, ҳϵĹܼѾ۶գذν, ֱָʺˡ
ȻΪ, һ˺o˺ôõĻѡ
Ľ⺮˸, ̵طӦ˵ɱ
Ȼֹһ˲, ͻأͣڰ, ǹŨҵɱȴ˿ûм
ѵһ
֪Ǹ̾Щʱ, ̲ס룬èè
һǣø˹, ˫ƽʱ侲ƵҪųʻŭˡ
ʵͻϮʽ, èèǰҲԼ
֪ΪʲôԼãϿûʲôͬСʵȫһġ
֮ǡ
˹, ѽˣǽ𡣡
ڱ, νġֵܡ㹻һЩܾٶĴڡ
, ¡
ͬ뵽˽ݣ˹ޱӦš
Ļ
뽫Էķŭ˹ضָº󡢾ȻҰڳһ̹Ȼ޹Ľ𷢿ͽޱȵػʡ
ֻǵĽʱ, ǰδеĴ
һŵĻɽ¾ҷڵҽ
èè񰡡Ժ, Ҫĵط
ڹܼҳױǰ, źۼͼƿè̬ʱԼϵĽo, ûƶЩεص˵𣿡
˿ûڵkȫвĹܼҵľٶӰ죬oĪ˼һС󣬲ûӦ൱ȷϵ𣿡
Ҳԡ
ŵ󣬲ڽʯĶԷ˳ƿˣˣʱǿˡȸһӪأ֪λϹܼҿûС
ֻǸҳĽڣҲǱĿϡ˹ݶȻûиκλӦ
Ϊ˱ⲮɹʿǽӪߣҷ
ʵչʾѾˡ
Ĭĸǰ΢΢Դŵ٩˵ţĿλΪļĹܼңûҳϣ¡
ȻѮ̫ѾƵǻˡ
Գʿѵ⡢һֱŵɲԣǼСʱıɹ͹ϵİƤ췢ʹˡ
ֽģǱ𿾰ʹһǱɹˡ
ʶ㣬ھ⼸Ľѵ󣬸ȴûиұԹ䡣
ʵϣŰ٩ĻʱڱʿϽɫڳҪϺüƣﾡǺ⡣
ݺ⣬ȴǳСһпĥסܼҿϡ˹ݶġ
ǡΣɲ˻Ƶش𣺡һо˵
ȳЩɡ
Ȼǹģüֵ£ȻҪɹˡ
Ѿ׽סˣҪλܼԸϵĻȫǿԱѪеǳصġΣԸ׸ڱصõʼվûйĴ㡣
ɵƻԽ࣬º޸Խ鷳
ֻҪǽ׸֮ˣͲ˲Ĵ¡
Щ羪֮ǵһһ߶Ⱦ裬һֱСع۲ŵĸ׸ˣ֪ǵĵĴǶġ
û뵽ڳʱϸտ
һʿô̾ţĶȴһûͣǵɫĴ˺һС飬ܵԼΰèè񰡣л̫Ҹˡ
޿һۣûдֻĬؾ׽ԼǷݡ
飬ͶԷ˵ʵһġ
ƤǸտʱеִ࣬ڵ
ҪǱȽļĻҪٵһСڵĶˡ

뵽ԼĿģһ۵ķա
ڴĩʱԼĳɫ֣ɹ˴ȺԼ仹ӦߣСʿڴľƾսĽһֻȡνӶʽõݡ
ȻҪǲôżĻҲԵ꣺ȷۺ󣬾Ȼˡ
ȴȲ
ȷõõҸǰ׼޵ʲŲãȻҲԼȻڻС˸öͣɫµĽˡ
ԸôޣҵʵĶˣҲôռ޳ȥ
֪ΪʲôȴҪЩ뿪ļҡʵҲģղ뿪ǲԼ
뵽޲
һúȰ˵յġ
Ҫ֤ͨԼȡĵλһݸ׵ĻջͻԸ˰ɣ
Ҫܸձ붩ǰΪƽĻѡĶҲǸõݣūͬİ¶С
Ҫٿ㡣
š
ǣ˶ϧؼʱȴ׽ϸƷζ/ھͳԼǷݡ
ݵճԱԱ㣬Լָϲдмʱһ˫۾ҲضǽͷķתŸͷ
˾ô
ͼ²š
ڰ¶;ס˳õĸ׸һٻط˳ؾһֲŵ³ǱرûüҰ˴ʳԴ
Ҫǰճս˾޴Ƶһһھոׯں󣬾ͽ͸ضŻٵġΪȷ޷ҷҲΪϵūΪ˱֤ҪһսʧܡҲܸرش꣬Ƕʱ޷ָ𱨸
ȴޱȷţһ
ʹ̫ˡǡһеԸȫȻɣṩػȥʱ˽ݷذ¶ǡ
õˣôΪشзѡ޹ĳء
Ҫܳһ㣬ոĵĻܽһ֤ʳԴİȫ
˸֦ڵд˼ʣ㡣
Ѳ⣬ʹ²չʾ⣬Ҳܻв֪жĶͽҪλ˵ġ
Ϊ˷㣬Ҫʱɱסţ˳ûͨ籨š
д޲ɵ̧ͷڽļŵķۡ
Ȼʿ뵽㣬Ѿŷ£εذסˡ
ʱ⡣
·²˸׸ǵȴڶԸͶһĴ㡣
ƳǱˣɲĹܼҿϡ˹ݶ
Ϊʲô˵Чڲһɲ²ȡκδʩ
޺ܿ뵽ɲΨһ̳˿ֵ¡
ɾס˳ؾռƵİҪȡʤҲֻʱ⡣
ҪǶԷٳٲϽ̸еĻǼȲǳҳϣҲֻбˡ
ƶǱʳãǱͻǺӵķߣܳŵԮ
ԥ£˸ʺš
ʦѧϰʱ⼸ǳؼϵĴ˽⡭Ψһɼй׹ϵԮģгǵˡ
ҪгǸ׸ǣҪ8ʱ䣺࣬ҪʹϢʹ쳼ǷٵپơӪҪʱ䡣
Ǳʳô
򴽡
ʱ벻㣬ת˼·
ǾǰģעˮĻǺӣµբԼ߸Ŀš
޻ڿ˼ڤ룬ɲǸֻ̻һƤҵˮȻоꤡ
һŸ촽һԥҪҪѾʣ޼ӡģܲҪԵģ
֪ʿǶԱ󣬰˼ضɲˡ
Է죬¶һδ΢΢һЦʵûгԱ𣬸£
û뵽ᱻ£ʹ¶ֺõЦݣ𾴵ĵ°ֻֻ˵ʵЩ١
Ҫڸ׸ǵʳ׼Ļϻڳʮˣа˵ǵǾ⿵ʳ
ֻƽϵͨڸдϵۣҪˣǸмʳõġ
뵽ԼбϥؾΪ˶Ҫһֻһ죿
ЦⲻȴûԸ˵øĻ˾䣺֪һҪһĳūһĿǶ𣿡
ϵЦʱһ
ô֪Щ
²֪Ĵ𰸡
һЦؼǻˡΪشĻԣ˵ɣҪܴЩеһҶֻ㡣
ǿװЦѾʧˣɰͰ͵ظȴΪȻ
޿ɾҩĴҲܿλСƺǹϷˣ
ȻΪĶԷղŵãȻˡ
ƯС
ﰵ
߸ϵĹ壬ôѥӵµĳ
ǰʳ⣬һûܴʲôūÿԵʳʲôūʳԴЩһһƽǮ
ʵϣⲢûôѡֻҪ˱΢һģܿ
ڸ׸ǣ˰Ѿܾûȶˡ
ڸһ𰸺󣬰Цһźע뿪
Զɴף۵һ塣
ȻԼǱƢŹֵСϷˣһ٣ʧȥ˻øܱĴĻˡ
Ȼʱǡ
Ϊ֤ԼжĮĺĽ۵׵һ¶ȣҲȴˡ


161 
λܼ, ûҪ˳̸еļ𣿡
ʸ˹
˹ףǵģ¡Ѿ˺λˣȻûӦ
ˮļĻǺ, ӹһĨ, Ǻܿ¶˾ģֻа֮ǰ뷨ˡ
ȷѡãĴľ, ؾͶ
ĻҪٲ֪ʲôʱִԮв, иܵеķգҲ˷ϴʳʱ䡣
Ͼ֧, ֻȫְ۵, 󲿷ֶֻǾݵʿѵԸõũѡ
ֻ, һϵ, ͻӰ°ˡ
Щεķ²ҲǸ۲۵鷳ҪսپĻȻõġ
ҪͨǺӵĻķ֣ջ
ȻǰˮƽϼĺȻãͱȡȽϺķѲϡҲȽ鷳ĻŹӷˡ
Ҳ⡣
гʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ĲϣϷ, ͶڻˡԳľġ
ȫø׸ϵԴ, ǿĴҪӶ´ࡣ
Ȼòôࡣ
ڼ̵ľܳ䵱ߵİ, ľƶ, ĩܴļʽ, һʿͨеš
Ļ, Ʊػг̶ȲǰŻŵĹ, ʿӵḶ́ԼȥǺһߺ󡭡Ļ壬һ⵽ؾʸǿҸš
ԱԶǰĻ档
ɱըֻߵĵϰţԶͶ䣬Ҫ뾡սĻζҪǱؾɱڵġ
ȻŴú󣬲ҪŶãȲ˵
Ҫͬʱаãһӡ
Чʲߵģؾһ̶ţ֪ȹһࡣ
Ļ壬Ҳ̶ϱʿİȫ
һֱŵۣǺıɫĮ˵סˣʱɲһȥ
˹ԥظǣ¡
¶ûеȵҹɫŨصϲжǵųǱؾ棬ؽ֣ľ
δǳĥǵĿڵģڿǹ󣬾ֻٲԼľԴ󲿷ֶ
ɲΪ˹İ¶ǣص˲ٹеݺ͹鳣ͶʯĿٵÿ
ҪڸŻǺӵ¹ǱСͶʯҲǺôģǴͲǿó
쿴ɣֵү
ڳǱߵĲtϣϡ˹ݶӥצ߬һɪɪĸ첲ʹֱ۵˳ָ¿ǿľĿֻһǾõľ塣
Ѿ֪ˣֵ亹ڹһۺľиˣ㡪Ͻſңϣ
ضֱķŭ󣬲ջĿ⣺ˡҵð𾴵үʱȣΪЧ
ʲô취
ֵ౻ʹֱۣ¶һĨЦ
Ȼһ򱻸׸±ţòԷ׽ԶҲĨɱ븸׼Ѫϵ
˶λɫĹܼҺŪðŰʱֻǵʵʵšڰĵϵӰһۣϳǾԼĸס
Ȳ˸ס
Ψһһ˿΢ϣȳ׵ģֻƻ˹ݶ˹ݶΪ˱סԼǾԲȥȵġ
ҪǱ˹ݶȥȵĻԼҲܻȥ
˹ݶα¶ĳֵºɣҪǶԷ汻ԼȥһֵĻԷԲ־ܵġ
ǻѡͬھ
Ҫط׵˹ݶĴͨص
֪ΪʲôԼо水˹ݶ˵ȥܻϣҲܵͺܵ͡
ڹȥĶʮֵȻٹÿ֣иš
ûһеôľ
װĸװ
һŵȴţڴףִֻסǰѾȥĸš
ҡ
ĬȻ
ܵĿֵ£׸ô죿
ϡ˹ݶۿؿţһһεغľ
λүȻûϸĺǻ
ڼв£Ѿһ̾ͽڶԷĲϣȶԷԼƴӵ׼ˡ
ԸǣųĶԷû¼ֶã˳ӵصͷ˵ȥ
˹ݶ˵öԡ
ֵǿ䴽ǣҲؿЧڸ׵ν׵ĲҲӦõ¼Ǳ뾡ӡ
ҪӵȥĻ˹ݶ飬ȥгǡ
ĸڳǰгĸǽãǳ֧һͨżĹϵȴĿǰΨһϣˡ
ʶһ㣬ٺòˡ
ϲ̫˵ţٱס˱ϵأڹֵ˺ֵǴģҪĶรźȻҲϣΣʱ̣û㹻ľִϷӴĻҳҪġȽĲɡ֤ݵĻ£ӡ£ϵΣЩɲˣһҪö˼ĸ¿
ųĿֵһûʱҲû⡣
£ǶǿƵ˹ݶ˲ݵ˳ӣͷʰţܿʹ򵥵Щ
ҳϡµЩʿѾ׷游׳¶ˣ֪Ȼౣ
ܴϵģһͣݻ۵ʿӣԼһʯˡ
֮ԴϾʯΪԷһǱһֻ˽άĵصҪǳСݣٲҪ֮ȫ޵عڵϣ˫ȥڿ·顣
˹ݶ㲻һ𣿡
ڽص󣬿ֵһתȴ˹ݶ˿δ¶Ȼ㡭ղŲôż
ãȻ˹ݶ΢üĿֳϤġҲǶԷĸǰֳĹ˳״̬ʮֱǸղôӵ̬ȶԴΪЩ뿪ҽȷȫ뿪ʿ״̬һٿȥ·
˹ݶ
û뵽õ𰸣ֵ²ɵۣӯš
ȷ˹ݶĲһߺʱŶԶ²˶ԷΣСҪЩˣǣʿǣ߰ɡزסġ
ǣ޴浽˼С˰
˹ݶ΢΢ЦţٴαĺǸжˮĶԷ΢ӡ
Ȼ£ҲԷһߡ
ֻҪҹˣӳһ㹻Զľһ߷ųܵϢԷ׷Ļ÷ԼŸӰˡ
һֱڸױµĶԷȫûз֣ԼָʱصЩΣѾƿˡ
˹ݶ̨ףڻصͷһ߶ΪȥеϲʿĶԱһ߰šֻʳӵĿֵ£ƺͷβͺԵһ㡣
޿ɾҩĴ
λҪģʼնֻǸ׸أɲҪɼϾɱ


162 
ŵ˵, лֱӸ˵
Ŀº͵ؿݻ۵꣬΢Цʣʲô֣
ȻѾͨŵ֪˶Է֡ԭ򡢹мͥɣѡ֣صѯʶԷһΡ
ǵһֱʩôݵ˵, ޵Ľֱּ߾ȫֱ˫۾Ըΰèè, 𾴵ĵ¡ڽǱķʽһЩ׾ӵ뷨, Ըһ
ȻΪһСܸнԵ, ԳԷս˼ĶԷ, ǸغͿݡ
ףĵ㰲˵ɡ
л£Ǹɣ, ̷ָλʿʦ, ЧɸµһԱ
տʼʱЩĿİ, Ͼ֮ǰ֯εԣϵõߵĹ, ˵ž͸˳ˡ
һƺ, ڴ׸ϵĳǱУͨܵġ
޵Ļ, ɫ븣˹һۡ
ֻĹܼɫ, üͷ˼һ, صص˵ͷ
, ʵҲƵжţٶǰʽͳϵ, ֮ǰ, ѪһȻҺʧ, û໥սڶ̶һһеȴСϾͻᱬս
Ƕûиûзƽԣһѡ
ѡϢģҲʵϿ¹ȨѪͳ
ΪҪٴȥĻķϺܾõؾûܸ֣ҲûпɹֵԴˡ
ҵǣʱڹҲƵĴڲһս״̬Уûгǵ
Ҳǳʮꡢҳ㷹սǶǱȵѡ˼ӹ̳ǽʩڵũ
ȻҲڳǱھصȻǺܲһ·ȷԼڳˮǰԴżҾӳ졣
ʱİ¶ɳǶֻǴһĴڣûôӿ⿪ɡʯͷĺǱڵǣģҲԶԶܸϲĵһǸ׸
ûоĻսʱڵвҲȱٴ˹µʱɸһֱûӭԸⳤڶͳƬƧ͸ܻȥһٵʲôصˡ
ǺбҪġܵصĻȫܽΪʲôȡ̸ܾеˡ
΢Цŵ˵ͷһܳкʾĹ۲ʮ񣬼ޡúܺá
õϿɣ޵һº͸ˡ
С߬߬ȭ뷨˵꣺ԣҪĻΪ˷ֹǱܣҪЩС
ź춼Ҫʱ䡣գۣЩڴؿⷽ棬㻹ʲô𣿡
ʵи
͸˹뵽ˣĬؾڲ᣺Ǿһ
ȫָèèĴ󽣣ֻҪһţ㹻ǽĻǽըǽֱǿƻˡ
סǱˣǵ־ͶҲ˺һð¶Ļڡ
ǿɱ㹻֧ӰȫͦʱŰ壬ҪЧʵöࡣ
ðա
̬ԶԶûǸʮ𼱵ĵزڲǽر£ʵڲգжϡʿһ󲿾ӱѿѵ
ѪٳٺҲ޵ġ
ȫ󵽣ҪԼǹƥعǰĻһѽȫϵĹܼʿǶŷġ
Ȼèèɱﵡ
뵽ɵÿ˽ԵġٲȻһȴڴӢoһۡ
˰ɡ
ڶݵԥ󣬻Ƿޱȵĳݾ
ֱȽ£ϷϵͳҲˡ
ʹϾڡˡķ룬ֻ˶
ֱӲֽĻʿɾȫһˡ
ʹֹۣҲΪһս
ܲÿζèèæװɣ
ìսԭͲӦֱӲ֡
࣬Ǽ¡
սɱɾԱҪöࡣ
ÿֻҪԼèè߻ǡµk鷳󣬰ʵѾﳹ״Է뷨
ҲӦ⡣
Ҫǡ
ɰȴһֻΪèè񣬴κΣա
΢˼£˹λĿˣֱڶ̹ϰ
Ͷһͱֵô̰ܲ˼ͱɹɲȴԳܱ˹ݶ̵ֲֻܵᡣ
˹ɫѾˡ
ĴɱֱһߣɱʮֱǸ£ھͰ
ʱɸճԼǷ͡ȻҲֻһľˮ˹ݶķѷŭѣǿάסԼ棬ûжԶԷƿڴ
ڻȫţװô˳˹ݶȻĸҲ
ÿԷһҳϵɶе
ֲĲ⵽׽Ĳ±ѣǡԷΪʲôʲôѵģͷ
ʱɫʿ˹ɷ˵ؽʧġҪʲôУᵽǰ
¡
΢΢ףӸµؿǱڵϣǻҶ̫ʴȣֱڣİõ¡
ʲô
ɵӹһĨãȻ
òУҪװۻ軨̬ǲû̫ݼˡ
԰⣬ʶؼһĨЦ𾴵ĵ°΢˶ѾޱҪʲôܱΪĵطһֻ˥Ż᲻С©˰ɡ
ϴεĽѵٲ˵ûԱŵµˡ
΢ЦĻȴǱģ©һܵ

¶˻ʵİգȲ˵ң£ˡҵ⡣ܵһֱ˹ݶ忴άģѾܾûùˣʱû뵽ң
һԵߡӹɵ˽ԡ
ڳǱˣĹܼңǶӶװƵ£ƾʲôΪǵİΣ࣬ԼҪвľ
ɼֱ޲ðԼʳðš
һЦûٿĻҵɡ
˹ʱǰһ˹ذγһ½ɵز/ʪ

ɵһΪ˹Ҫֱ
ɾԲ¹ͷĻ룬֪˹ԸɵóĿֲ顪ԷͬһսʱԼۿ˹۶գسɾһǰ˵ѵĵбıӡ
ȽϽ۵ڲƤǽͷƤıУɵ۾һµɵϴ
֡
Ļ
˼ʱߺȻ˸˹ķʣ£ϣεؼסѾʧȥĵǰϻĻˡҵĽͷ­ǰϣǻĴԻܻڵͨ򡣡
ɵɫ˶ݵĿհס
ҽһ˵ţҵȻǵã
˵ɴӿʼͲѾ֡ȫڶԷ£ǾԲӥĿ¸˹ǰˣġ
⵽Ǳֻ˹ݶɼ֪ܣֻڵķλ󣬰ɥʧȥµȤ
̫ԶҲ̫ˣгǵķ
ڲԷѾõ£Ҫ˺׷һƬҵǸصĳڣȻǸ鷳
ʧȥüֵɱٴߡ
ʱʮͬʱ̱Ĺʿ̬жӣ뾡ɱ/˲գ۵Ķħ˹ߡ
ûбҪȥ׷ˡϵ˾ֻҪ׸ǣҪɱɼˡ
̸жԸ⿪ֱߥ޸µļҾܵˣһλֻ֪Ҫ»šԼͱɵĹܼ˹ݶ
µļ̳ȻҲ̫Żô׵ؾͱԷŪסˡ
һװ翹һ߰ܡҪ侲Ļѵڱؼŭ
ǷܣֶһģʧȥءĻøΣյľأ·ҲעΣա
ȥгǺ󣬶ԷĻṩӻʱ
һжδ֪
Ҳԡ
һ󣬺ܿ;Լ뷨ʵ۵ΣԼڱʴϣǴġ
ôµλ̳˲ǳʲô뷨ѡ


163 
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ͨȥϲʿĶԱ, ˹ݶǺĵĿУ˳ʯȥ
ߵúܿ죬úͰʹӵĶĿ, ҵ֮ǰڵصڸ
ˡ
˹ݶš
¹շųȥϢ㹻׷עҲܸȡʱ䡣
¶ѸٷȻ֮, ԭļƻ, ⳡǰ赭дĳעǼ˳ġ
Ҳֻ־ҷ˵, ΪλСǸĶ
ߥ޶ԷһͷܴĶԷ߳ŭҪתͷԸԼˡ
ΪΪɼάܵ˹ݶˣôܲԼְȨı, ǰ׼
ȻʱԤһЩ, 
̤صǰ˹ݶع, ӵؿʮĳ
ûԥ̫á
ڱ˱ۺܿ¶ġ
ע⵽ľٶǰűжĶѥҽţ̤˸Ӳ顣
Ͼ뿪Σյĵط, ҲǳԭľҲж͡
һĽ⣬ȴȻӹ

˹ݶоԼͷ˩ƥĳسݺݵһײ, ͵رÿհס
볹׵ĻǰԺûüκͷ, ˲ʧȥʶѾص¡
µ, Ϣعǳǳĵصڡ

èè񣿡
ǰ
طŴĽo, ˲䣬ԭ¶Ľһˡ

kգգۣȥ۵ױץ飬װȻػӦš
Ѿҵκˡ
ζسš
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ҹ/ĻٲãһŻźľͶˡ
ʿڸ˹ȫȨָ£˷ŸԵĽԵʿָӹٳ̤ϳ䵱ߵľ塣
ʿǰ棬ƶŵģľĻʽ޴ƣһźţһԡܼļﻺӡ
㹻ʿɵָ£ĸ˼ŹȥʱľţͬһʱȴֻͨΪȷ㹻ĿͨС
ǲñȽϴЩˣҲΪŻߴĴ⣬Ͳҵصļĺ
ʵϣεսУҪ̫飺սıҪ⣬ǹӺӪ㹻ƣֵû
Ϊ½ӽǽΪڻȷİȫ
ûйӵʿҲûţ˵ȴϻŵ⣬еʯڣ޴ʯʯ׳ϳǽ󣬴һСƬǽƤʯм졣
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Ҳû취¡ʯͷͶ󣬻ǽʱǳ·ɢģǺĻƽֱ켣ֱײȥﵽеЧ
ԭİȻĹϣͶʯϣǾȻ
ȻʹªеԲٿıʿҪȴһ㲻͡
ʯĲѡȡٳĴĥ죬Լ׼Ŀ겢Чʵķ䣬Ǿ߱൱ѶȵĹ̡
Ŀǰձ֪ʯڱһȽټȴʮҪض֡
ȻͶʯûһ̨ɳﵱȻҲģ¶ﵹҵ߰λ
һĴڡ
ϤףԷٿͶʯʱ춯ɵЦЦ
ǲǰΪ׿ԽӱʯڱСļޡ
Ҫͬʱ̨ͶʯҪгֻֽ⿿ʮˣȻǲġ
ģҪǰ;õ²
ʣԭȫɲַ㣬ܱѡľӢ
ȻѡֱٵֳɵЩԼʱͲȥЩԼ۱ȼ͵Ĺľޱȷġ
üۡ
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ûǹûڣ˰졪л̸¡
Ҫ֪λذѻ͵·ˣ̶ȵؼеĺʱ
µȻ֪λӵʹòĹתѪĶͷ
ʱؼһʿȺ屳󣬾ܵСԼĴڸС
εʵǲˡ
Ȼ֪ԼҪһ̤ľʱı˵޺˺ѷΣƴŤ
ûá
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ûôԵͺµùڵϡ
ΪԼˡ
֮ǰϵǴƷó˳ٵĻӣҲΪ¶ɺӵٶȼ׼ûиؾ̫ķӦʱ䣻Ϊʿ֪ҪλүѾ˳ȥս־ȺļʸƾˣʵģҲȽС
´ûһԼµܸеҡ
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ֻ˵ʱֻǱ˵ǣûҪš
ϣƴūĹأ
ʫ˵ʫ̵ģνӢֱʿҲֻԹŮԱ񣬶λȨصĴϥЧҡ
ֳǶƽŮԻŮūʱǻỻɽȻͬһ׵ġ
ʿһôοǹأǿΨһĴ󹫾
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Ҫصĵо㹻ʴȵĻǻ˵ػ뿪صȥҰˣһЩϣ
ڴ£оҪֹ©ǵĻǲ뿪Χߵġ
ڳǱ֮ƽֻһ³ǾǶŶӵ
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Ҫǵkʱ¶èĻʱһѾ£˽ŵķɻ
ղ˵ʲô
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164 
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񰡡
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Ǹ˸ߵȱرǸôԶ, Ҳһǽڲͥҵӡ
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ЩΪѡ
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ҪǣʹΪЩܵ/ĹʵҲû㹻ȨȥһصĴ塣
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ЩɻۿȻԵ˹ݶʱһӭжˡ
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ʱﻹ֪һλèèùڶԷµĺۼ
ŵǺ͸˹뿪ֻʿڲԶ󣬰ЩЦõ˵ԭ֮ǰԭ𣿡
ٿȻһ
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ЦʣΪʲôҪôأʵôߵĻҲκӰ졣
˹ݶıʲôԷ/ɵĽ档
˺Ŀս¸׸ǣ֮˺ԴԴϵṩϷչʱ
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΢ţضƯ˺ܾãֱһԵˡ·ŭ쵽˲ɺԵĵز, Żع
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˹ݶס룬ֲ˾䣺ʲôʱʼģ
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ҵǣǸ൱Ưɰĺӣ̳Ը׵ĸͦݳģּ̳ĸ׵İ𪼡Լ˫С¹ˮ۾
󣬵ڻ԰ظʿʦѵʱһΪչҫԵøӺÿ
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Ϊ̷ɼ˹ݶˣûʸҲûд˵ЩڸȺö๡
ҲΪˡ׽ͯҪǿкܵݲкĻҲĵǵû˷ԸҽҽǣҴ㹻Ǯ
ΪԼѾ㹻ãԹЩ³ҵкǵ
ֱĳ죬һ󣬻ؼҿľһֱĶǺشŵ˫ۣкˮӡ
ǱģѾӲˡ
ĿģǳġѪѸɺԵ֫
ǱŻѥӵĽĵزȹĻһһðŵࡣ
֣ķ
˹ݶ΢΢˳
סǡķ˹ݶ
ֻҪ򵥵ɱµĻΪܼҵְȨıʱԡ
ȴûô
Բ˹ݶѪϾС
ҵôãΪ˵һᣬͷ֪һȽҵؿԼʧȥһкʹﱻҴ̴ࡣ
Ÿ£Цֻû뵽ֵܵزҲãǰӭԼĽˡʡҽĲˡ
ǷˣħаαСˣ
ڻһصݣϵķߺԵȥ
ƺܵ˹ݶǽŨɱȡ֮ģǻšºա
һ߷Ť塢ҪԶѥ˹ݶһߴΪԼţ㱳ңȻֻΪǸ۵˽ӣģ㲻Ѿõ㹻Ĳ𣿣ҽ׸һ˰նʹ͸ˣ̰Ķ
ֻһ˽ӶѣҪǿ˹ݶһ̷ֱķϣῶôಹĵز
ҵʱĿϣ΢ЦŽһУȴǺ
װˣΨһӵϵ˽ӡ
˹ݶڽһЦ
˹ݶйһǰӡ
΢ۣһͷ׼ŭʨţͻ׾ٵط֣ζķΨһĶӣ
δ䣬ٿȻŷŨҵɱ⣡
ã
һֱĸ»ëֱҲؾҪ϶ܡҴȣ
Ѿ̫ˡ
ӿȻ˵عŵһ˹ݶûҪʤҡβ
²һУҲҪ֮ǰħ
һµȥɣ£
˹ݶڸӦǵʯ̧ҽţǶСƬѥף˸øľĺâ
ӡ
˻š
СƬѾ˿赲ȣġʺ̤ˣ


166 
СƬᴩ, ΪѪҺеϢ
һּʹ
οƬȫǶѪΨ˹ݶȫѹҽϣͷ, ҪǺܸȱˡ
µʹ, Ťȴֻһ岻ޱȳƵġ๾ࡱ
˹ݶ۾һգգض
ȻԽ, õԽ
¶̴ֵ֫·һˮʱ, ȫȻûиκ
ǲ˼תǰ, ƬֱӽܱߵѪ⡣
һͷƤġߴߴ
£
һ, µͷȻŤһ, ıҲɿ, һƿ޷ǿ޵Ĺ컡ȡ
˹ݶȴûмµȡ
ԾزŸµĲ, ɺѪѾһ̲¸оԶԷκ
ֱλʿߣͷ, ǿ¹ڰǰΪֹ
ʮֱǸ𾴵ĵôªһĻ
ȻʮǱ, ˹ݶ˿, Ǹš
΢ɲĲ˭ó, ǸԭŵġεңѾ׶ϵˡ
ڰʾʿ̧֣ͷ, 䴽, ¶һĨʵЦݣҲޱȸмĿʴ, ׼˵ð, ʵԸ
˹ݶԼµλСûȫղŽӽµͼȴĬ
ܶԷǳʲôĿġ˵ʵҲһԸݳĬʴĻеĸм
ϾȻˣӴҲܵõһ̶ϵƴ
¶ǰķ²ȴɱ˸£ֱӵ°һʲƸʧȻ⳥ġ
ƽǳķɣɱ壬Ǳ
ǡ
˹ݶ˳عһһ۵زţΪΨһһλǾʸоġ
˹ݶϮģֻоľλΪλڹĸ߹ڣȻ޷ֱнԼһĲȴܴСӾϴðٶķͥо
ο˹ݶǵŰ棬Է²ɱĲˣ˭УǱɵġ

ںˡ
ȻʧеЩϧҲ˻Ϊķɱ˸µĿС
ǲʲô޷ȡ޵ġ
һֻĳһķ/.ĸ¡ܽٶϿ̷ĸԸؽܡ
õеĽѵȴû˽ȥѺ˹ݶķʽԹȰǱͯʩ/ŰĻķͲĲҡ
˹ݶۣףǣ¡
ΪԼ㹻ʴȡ
Ȼпʵ֤ûԶԶ
ǣʹʧӡ
ȻţͻһתʹôˣܶԸĸı䣬Ǽ޵ġ
ĶУطɽΪơִοڹ弸ΪΪʱ
λϲĹ²Ĺ塢ԼūžԵѹƣǵĳͷԼȴٵÿ
ǲܷɺ͵µҲû˵ҷǵȨԷԼ
Ϊܼҵ˹ݶôŤתɵأ
˹ݶѡ˽߾ȫȥֹҲֻǡԴ˸еᷳĸ£ֱӻһ˵ԼĹܼҡ
ʹдҲܵ˳ͷ12ķʲôƾʲôҪһУ
˹ݶסˡ
̲סֱ̧λС۾
Ϊῴ䡢񡭡
տ̺ŵģȴĹâͶӳڱˮǳ
𷢹޷ݵݴʱˮûдǱϤЦݡ
˹ݶȴɢ㹻һд˵ĵԹ⡣
ʱ򣬰Ȼȴ͸˵ʲôҲ˽̣˽̣ҲòϣڴġŤķɣ޷Ķǵõеĳͷġ
ɵƶֻȨƵܸɵذߣǹŪߵĻ
ûκϿԣҲû˿ڵ塣
ֱɫ㶵˹ݶ˵ţΰèèٹǰҸղſĲоԲֺһλʹʧӵĸΪҵĶӱѩޣùƶķ޷еĶͽڵõ˳ٵĳͷ
ѾˡǱȱèèϵΪ
ӵвý𷢵ۣ˵ΪkʵͽңҲӦ˳ӵk־
¡
ڱšͷ˹ݶˮ΢΢ţ૵ظ¡
üڱֳЩ᣺ȷҴ˺ܴ鷳ҪʰһλɱĲо֣ѶȻԭҪöࡣ
ϾʱԼףƴͶķ²¶Էƺսһ
֮ԱйάΪû˵ұ֤Լͬľءһôһ죬ͨķʽԼ
ȻһáҲѡҲ˹ݶ֮ǰΪһȡķʽУɱ˹ݶʩԿҵ̡
˹ݶҲǹ壨Ȼֻͽ׵оķϣ΢һЩ
Ҫ˹ݶʱûľĻǸ۲۵Ĵˡ
Ȼǡ
ǣΪʲôҪѡ̻
ϧ¡ɱѾͶĲĲ⽫ԺһսܣҪǶԷĹݵĻ˵ҲܾȡҪ
Ϊһɲκóķ²ǵߥ޸³¶סôܣ
˹ݶס˺ȫԼ۾Ͷ䡣

£죬βһԼҲֵô
ʵôΪġ
ڿĻȷʵһⱾ
¶һĨЩεЦɫ״˹ݶԣΪͲͨҳϵĸ˹ܼҵĿ飬Ϊһƺæµֱ㡭ֹͣ쵽
˹ݶĶ˽ţܾòӦ
ϥͷϥǹصҵӲĵϡ
һ̿ʼҿϡ˹ݶ꣬ҵһУʰİ¡
һһ٣ϵ̬ĵͬʱ˳ޱȵ¶Լ߾ܷɵĺ󾱡
ۣPleaseMy Lord
µ滹һ̲ڸµѪҺҲûֹͷ档
ѱӾ˵ѪҲ԰ࡣ
Щͷ
Ȼϳ˹ݶʱеģսΪʿΪʿλʱҪеģΨһһҪеǡ
ʱ˹ݶǻѪʵ˹ݶѪΪ٣ɼҳϡ
峤µĸװ˻ҲǸ۲۵ľ֮ͽΪʿλʱȵģڳݲ壬ֻýһµûаܣǲʹýгĶݺݡ
ʹҲûĥǷ˷ܡ
ڵĳعȣҪ
ϡ˹ݶҽЧҡ
ݵĳĬ˹ݶĿУǵö
ҹݺҪɤģһֻ޳֡
ʧ
λ߹ʴȵˣԴЦعš
˼顣
ϡ˹ݶš
ֻֻͷһⳡӦЧҵʽ
ȴ㹻̵׵ع˸ɺôۿ
лҵˡ
գգۣ˵
̰ĵξҳġ
Լػ


167 
ð, ɱɲҽ˿ϡ˹ݶҳ˹ķӦȴƽ
ޱضͬûκζ˹ݶ˻ͷ, ΪԷͨĳӡ
ߴ˹ݶƿС˴Ӧ, ¡Сµ˼ʹöԷԷƷ£ҲҪܵؼӶԷһһ
Ǹ˹
ҳϵĹܼûбֳκ飬Ϊ˶Ĺ鷳еǸ⡣
Ծ¶ĿɰЦݣڽ͵ָ鷳, Ϊʰо֡
ϵ, 𾴵ĵ¡
˹û˿ĲãΪ, Ե¶Щ˵ɫ
ʵϣԴӰȥɳǺĿСչʾһУµˡ
ǿĳò˼, , ʹ֮С˰
һ, ֣˵Ҵڵ, ǽ߾ܵΪգʵԸ
Цˡ
Ÿ˹, ֣ͬصǿʱ, Ҳҵˡ
ڹϵܺȫǹ͵Ķ, ˹ݶֻǹǫվһ, ȴ˹´ָʾ˿Ϊʲôֵĵط
ܸ˹һֱСߣԸ¸׸ǡɱԭɲİ¶ԣҪƺʵ̫ˡ
Ĺܼ˹ݶļ󣬸˹ϵѹȴʵתƵ˶Էֵϡ
˹ݶ˹󣬰ȫˣϣûбĹܼҳϿɿˡ

Ҳô˵˸˹⣬С
ôţĿⲻɵɫĽoϡ
Ȼkԭרע˫ϵһ˲䣬kĽɫͫһϲö

kϲ˵š
æµһڽԼҪǿϢʱǰصҡԭɵҿףȻǿҵĹģȰ¶ɳǴõСҪɡ
̶ڸλϵĵƺ̨üʤݳ޵ȫƣɫʯǽϻžµĲʻ۵ı߽ǴŽʦĵƣѩ׵İ˹ë̺ĵذûһ϶ŵͼ
Ŀģſ㹻ʮ˵Ĵ󴲣ȥ󼸺ܰ˳ûĴ齣Ӥϸ˿죬ûʵĻǱԵµģൽšϸߵա
һĿ̵ĸ˹ҲѵõΪɼΨһȡĵط
޾ߵȻȫˣȫµġԭѬ类ƿ˹Ȼ˽⣬ԴõС˲ϲϵζ
Զ׼ǣһɫֵɼУԼÿ컨ʱõҡ
ȷ㹻ԻֺΡ롢浽ԵϾɵĳǱʵĵط
̵ִİ̲ס̾һݳޡ
ɣèè񡣡
ʱϰ˽oϱɽɫèģϴҪè̬ס˯
ȷе˵ڴû£ĬĬ˵k
Դ̤ҵһ𣬾رèoգۣ˰ߡ
ѾϴˣϻһˮͳҲΪ˿뵵ͽϸߵ¶ȣϵõбøŨˡ
㹻èoԣ鲻Խرסһĳ̶ȡ
ʮϵط壬ֻèè걧ţֻ˵èèʲôܱȰkŸ˹ԼһĻš
ܰһɶԷһֻèɡԼͣһ߷עԲ¡
ϵͳǿƵϢʱ䣬Ӧûôһ
ԴǴЦõġϸס¼󣬰ͻûиЩġ¶èè˵Ĵˡˡ
ռ¸׸ǵĵһϣȴӿһĪǿҵ
Ҫ
׵׳仰ұ뵱Ϲ
ͻȻȷʲôһͳµҰģҲǵΪԱʵϣǿĶ֮ǣڻδǼʱȹסľƺʶǵ£Ըϱߵľٶġ
ǽڰһʱǸֻܶɪɪ˭۸ǹµġ
֮ôˬɲɱΣҲǿݵ¸ǿ׵ĽҳϸļƻҲѾزˣܻΪһûüֵġȥĲȥһҪķѴѪͳҪø߹Ĺ
ȻҪǰھأҪһšս׵ȨĻǱؽΪĴвƺƴַ
ޱͻأĻ󣬳õĽoɿգ˼ۣ˼˵Ұ㡣
kԱİͽܾˣ仰󣬵kҴææֲ˼䣺Ұ㣬㡣
ллèoֳڣȴûһڻؾ֮̿࣬뿪Цػش𣺡ȵ죬˵Ҫ
ҪҪĿģҪ׸ı䷨ɡ
Ǹıׯ԰ǲġڸֻҪµ㹻ǿƣؽиָĸġ
ͬɺͰ¶Щһŵ˵ѾɾʣµҲĵĿȫˡ
飬һҲ
Ȼλɰèıӣ֪ԼܻãԶ뿪µǻܼȼնãǷ㹻Ǵõů
Ӱ޵ģǷΧʱ䡣
ƵϱȽϳõģֻһǾǴӸϸıׯ԰巨ϵɡ
֮¹ȻĨĸģ٣еӵС족Ĵڡ
ۣڽo¶ʵĻθмҪ
¼ƻΨһҪԲģǡλõ޿޵
ԸϣkһֱԼ⣬ϣk֮һЩ£άµĻֺ־
ӻķھηǰ档
Ȼλøеľͳ֤ˣҲبŲľֻҪ꣬㹻ˡ
΢ǻڼҲתΪȼյԭһ𣬾ͬĻԶת֡һ赲ŲĴڡ
ĬӵУõѹĽo΢ض˶ë׵è
֪Ϊʲô
kɵñ˻İͽ
û͵kȴظܵıˡ
k΢΢ǵעСţ𣿡
ΪʲôģkһţһСװĶ䣬ĴеţҪģһġ
kİĴڣʶԼ޷˵һ˲䣬ֱ޴뵽˼㣬ܵؾ뽫ŽԼҪϸϸزر
kǿסˣûô
ΪkϲkصԶЩġ
ҵkȻȫȴЩġ
Ǹ׸ǣôϲСЩȤȴӵء
kԥ£ǿһ飺һġҰ㣬
һֻԼצ涼õúܱ׾СèסһİСõ壬ȴãȻ޴صεš
֪ȫʺϵkıŵġ
Ҫѹ
kΪѵ롣
ҪʵڲеĻֻܡѰ͵͵زصԼŵkһжˡ


168 
ϧ, Ѿϵͳǿƽ˯ߵİעèèСˡ
ĶƸУæµޱȵԣȻֻ꼻һ֡
һ, ӳĶԵЩĽɫͫ, ع龫ȵӰ
ȻؽȫĶͶ뵽к, һֱڱϰй۲Ľo, Ǽȸе, Щʧ䡣
ˡ
k, ֻҪ˾ͺˡ
֮ǰ˰¶ǵİ, ʵѾһľ, еĻ, ȻǽȻͬġ
¶ͻȻ⵽ѾϮԭȵĹ͹ײ㶼һҹ䱻/ɱ, ƽҲɢӡ
پľӪصı/ͽһ, ʣµĳĿ, ʣ޼ˡ
ؽ׷ϱµĴ, Լָﱻƻͺķ˰ļ
Ҳ˴ӷչõǴʡ
Ȼ, һжֵõģڴǳɹس֮ǡŵİ¶ĵһˮӴ㹻ؽʱ, һļϵľˮÿ۸߷塪һܸ㹻źĻ˴˲
׸ͬ
ڰ¶ԾԳƵϺƽķʽ, Ǹػǳ, ˵رԭò
Ǿе˽˲Ʋ, ϵĸԴҲȻ˵˫սҲֻ˶̶̵һҹ
׸ζ뵽۾Ἰɼ壬˳ôϢ
ޱѪȵͳ߼ĸ棬Щ޷ǳеصʧͨײţȴǼޡ
Ļ˸
ҪǴӰ¶ʽפ𣬰貵ĳһͬڳͷһİĿĵĻǼֱһС
ۣͼԶϵͼգ߶ţõ壬С
覵
ӦģϹ谮ӡʹ
һūǻʵʵسũߣȴָʾ
ʱϵǣǵĹȫˡԭµҳϡƷʶõ֤ǰͷĹʱɰ¶ľʿ档
Ȼǲͨʿйָʾ¶ūѻĵصľģԵþ
׸ǵȻ󣬵¶ﵱֻʣǽ壺ðĻ˵Ǿǡչ൱ߡֻҪȥһЩά
ҲȻġ
ڼĴӵļʱάɲһΡһγһµݳ޵԰ã㹻֤˹ݶǾԳɫľӪ͹
ǰʱ׸겻ĸҲܸߡֲҲܺ񵱳һǽϺõؿǵ˼͹Ĺϵ
Ȼ԰۹ֻǲǿ⣺ӵеԺķḻ֪ʶʱֻܿԼȥĸũֱӶԱȣǲƽġ
ּɵģζҪһжͷʼ滮׷＾ǰɺƴ󹤳ֻ̡Ҫ÷¶ʵز©ȱ͹ˡ
ڸ֮⣬ҲܺõرˣΰϵĹϣҲԶȲҪСࡣ
˹ݶϣԹûۿͶʹΪ׵˸׸ʮ񡢱ԭ»Ҫ˽صǰܼ˹ݶǱԭ˾ҵ˾֧㣬ܿͰ˳طµķ䡣
ʹͨ˹ҿ̵ǰݶֻǺɵķ²˹ݶʱȴûаܣǰδеͶ롣
о𣿡΢ķΧУһλͨСϺõŮ԰˵˹ݶ˵ĸоǰȫһ
ԽеˣԽܸо˹ݶϾò
ǰһЦģһ˿һУ䲻׽ηˡ
ȴͬ
оȴҪÿͬоλ˹ҪԶǰҪӡĴȴ˿û踺صĲá
˭ܿó˹ݶһС
̫ˡ
ŮҲɻѣС˵ţ˹ݶɸµҳϣӹɵѽ
˹ݶ飬ȷǰδе졣
Լĳŵġ
ߵףЧʱ׿˵꣬Ӵ˶ȫȫڰ
ĸԸ
˹ݶĴ˹ȥʱͱʮˡ
Ҳ˵ȻҪ˹ݶɱ²ɲĺڹͳ׵׵رˡ
ڳԭֻèè񣬺ڲԶػʿȻֶ˸˹ŵ֪ߣȫܹšȫܹƿصˡ
һֻ־ù⣬ܾͽˡ
԰ιԿ־ι
һð㯵⣬õĴ𰸡
Ǳǲĵذɲη
ϲŭ޳Ĳ顣
һֱͷϵжȻƳ˵Ƕԭ˵ıеŭ˵Ƿĵ㯡
̬ȱȽϺƵȮѱȺԼĴǰѾԶԾѡǵָʾȥжˡ
߱ϸߵݵλ̷ͨɶȡ϶Ǽٲˡζսб²Ƕʮʿֳ˸Ĳ
ǵĴ÷ʽ˹ĸĽҲܸɴࡣ
ܴ
Ҳգ˵ĹܼЩЦõҡҡͷȻ
ֻΪʿԸĹ˳ԼͻĻ
ɲɱԵħ
˹ȻҲǡ
ֱӶѪȵĽ飬ΪһֱᶨƵվھάϣؿʿǲԸ˳ּۻ۵̬ȡ
С˵ĿܣҲ˿е⣬Ҵظ˿ڣǾͽǹѺߵȵǵ㹻ɡ
գգۣɫ̩Ȼĸ˹˻ȻʧЦ˹һʼôİɣ
ǵģ¡
С˵ɣҴԭĿĵĸ˹һ̹ȻԴؿ޵׿㣬治Ӣˣʹߡ
˹ҪֱʿıǵȺ𡱵ĻĴС£˵Ҫԥã޳ͷЩ֪жķ²
£Ȼ˺СµͼĳУε
¶ĵ¶ԣᱻͨ˺ĿԵ΢΢ǱϾܹΣգζ޷̵ġ
²ͬɱȺ
Ҫ齫ЩȫɱڱܾһֱѺĻ¼пܾͻӦˡ
СµһͿеżǵġ
ȴּά
ãԲܳΪаĵ˹СµĿ϶
εؿ̹̹άҽνĿõ¯Ĺܼǵ˵ͷ˳ŶԷĻ˵˵öԣ˹һȶǰұء
Ļ䣬˹飬ǾһºˡԼ˶ۿɼĳ̶ȡ
𾴵ĵ£ؿϧսɼ˶̵ͬǰʿ鼫õ˵ʹԸҳϣǷƿɳµҲȫ̷ߡ
˹ȷʵǷĵôΪġ
Ϲʱ簮ʹӵÿһʱ䣬ʹɸѡߵʿ
˵ǳͻ֮ǰģҲɫʿţֱڹʥʿ⣬̷Ĺʿš
ԽģҲѪͳĻ
ҪϹ汩ʥʿŸûʱӦͱĿ׿ǿйɢĻ
һи÷
뵽С±ϡӶһĻĻһֱ㹢ڻĸ˹۾š
Һá
װС£ûоʹһ겻Ա
ǰ˳̡ѵò⣬ξ˵ģʥϾıҫꡣ
Ѿָʾдżĵˡ˹һĴ΢΢е¶Եϲ֮飺ĵȺһʱ䡪һܿõظġ
˹ޱƶ
ӱ뿪ߵһ𣬾ͻãϣԻصߵһεʿǣԲаԥƴǡ
ɹѡγҳڵ£ٶ࿲ҲһǰľʿܿͻؾСµ¡


169 
ʹӸ׸ǳʹһ·ӱ, ҪϢܴݵңԶǻ˴µʱ䡣
ļʽѮҲԽԽȣķҡ
Ϊǰʿеԭʿ, ڱ¹ǿ˰ߺ, ûгԹ
Ŀ͸˹ŵǵ˴С뿪, ǵػʢ, ҪǱ빬͢ɱĶĵļʿ
Ϊ´, ǸĿ׻ûз𣿡
ǿŭ, ˵ҪǰⱩ¶, ڳ͢Ļ, ֻԵþϵǼֻʭӡ, ǵĳ嶯ܸһֳɵġٺòġıĽ, ɱץȺС¡
ôܲǸӲ̵
Ϊ˶ȡȨ, ̵ɱԼסЧҵˣֵܶϾɱ
ȫıֳ˵ֱ޺˼׵ܰ, ҲϷŹȻȰ½ɢʿţϵһȥ˰֮أ
ɤұеκ˶Ҫø
Һ, ܹʿűɢ, ȥʮĹȴǻᱻ׶ҡġ
ǼʿȻ¶߷߲ƽʱ˳͢ͷ
ԵʿӢη
ҲߡǾСˡ
ڱ, Ϊ˵¡
ߵ˶һ, ͵ظţΪ˵¡
ɫ, ڵʮ˴Լء
ƬȻСȴǵСأͨʥʿŵѡǰսϽ㹻Ĺõʹ͡
ȻʹʿѪͳ߹󡢼һɫǹĹʿӵԼصʿҲֻ
ȴԼصģȫǱԸԡ̷µˣûؿȥʿųԱ
ũύ˰㹻άǵοǲδƲ״ĵߣǵλδȹ̵ĿԲ¡
ڽһǹȻ棬ƽ£ʵһֱûиĶ
ȸһֱб븣˹ͨš
Ϊ˱ⱻײɵϢҪ²һΣҲʮּ̡
ÿõֻƬȶޱϲضǼ򵥵ľӣСºǼλͬ״
ĻΣգֱӴֻ̽д
е㹻οǣǳƽٺ󣬲ûгֵСų
Ƕڿƽصȴţ׼ţޱȼųһ죬ػصµߡ
һ졭
ؿֽϤּͫ
ˡ

ʿĺʿǶԥط飬ֱҡ
űرպǲžȵؿһ縣˹ȵȣȻĵغۿ
Ҫ֪ܣʱɫֱǸյᡣ
Ƚ˵Ļǳ׽ǴŨرɤӺͺ۸ˣԺһһֱ졣
Цĸʿȷ˵Ҹһʱ䣬ȥʰЯĶϾߡ
֮Ҫһʱ䣬ȻΪżôܲޱȵһֱ޲õһУɻߡ
Ҫɢɢ뿪Ļߵ˵ȻɣߵȴΪǸĿסǿпѺˡ
ϵʿͬ㹻ʱ䣬һҹɫҲõڻɫ
ʿţﲻȼһǲϸϣ
˹ѯţҪȥ
ȥ׸ǡȵʱԵЩЦû˻㣬ûע⵽˶ĻȥǵˣǵСߣ
ƵĶԻС̳֡
ԹߵĽѵʿŵĳԱʮءؿƿʰʱҲֻҪ
ҹ/Ļոս٣ǵĴճպϵ˲䣬ϵĵ·ϾȻʮߵӰ
֮ûй仰Ľ̸ת˲˺ҹС
󣬿ײŴгǵõٵϢ
ôܣ
ŵ棬Ž㹻εñۻĻ۷Ĺؿһϣŵغ˳Ǹķ
һĶ⡢΢£˳ס
ﲻֻ֪ҪϢЩڹĿɺ޹֪һŬͰ׷ˣ
ŭɶӦǲСɾӵȵʿأҪץѵĹǰ
̫ࡣ
ʿƻسغȴ˸ա
ȥƼʿýԱбҪϢ⣬ҹ̡
ʹײô첼ץǵ壬Ϊٰǻƿ;еĳһ·ͷ¶ޡ
Ͼʢģ·ͻȻЯˮ͸ֻ࣬Գ졣
ȻѲһտĸ߽ʿǡƣƥԲˮЪϢʱ򣬾ǷԵʱ
деֳɵʳ
żڸмˣڲͬŵɪɪ
ëھһ
ʮգհ꼸ʴǰ뿪ھٰļгǣŰ˻׸ȥˡ
ΪϢͨĴˣںüǰ͵֪˸׸˵Ϣ
ٴûȥ¶ɵˣ˵λ߹Ĺ¾Ȼɲ²ʱ򣬶ǰȥ׸еʮֵԥ
Ĳˡλжб
ۼһɹڣһ㶼¡
ȴҲûĵȥȰ˵Ⱥ岻ˣʵͲǲȥأ
λܸд漣ʹ᲻ø׸ǻһĹʣǲġ
¶ֻ˶̶һڶԷ̥ǣ˵Ŀеõˡ֮Ƶ飬ˡ
ЩһھͱǻŽһգܻӭĸɫƣȫǴë󣬴Ӱ¶Ļ
ʲôá뵽Ǵ׬ȡĴƲסȻĶﲻ죺ǻ̫ˣ
λôģ
һЩƴִԸߵļ۸еĵˮ¶ǷҲûͬ⡣
Ը鷳һЩ
ĴԵ÷˼ʮ޴ȴȫ෴Ŀ
ëȻ¢ϺͶ⾺Σȴϡᵽⱳĸ⡣
Ҳּɵģһẹ̈Щ鱦˺;ǰȫˡ
ָܷһеõһҲμҪ׸ǣȥ¶Ŀİ
Ȼ֪λƯò˵ʹΪʲôҪɱΪ²ɲ
棬ļᶨŰԲɱķӵڣǰĵذռƻ̶ӵһվ
û뵽ԼŴгǳһ죬ͱȺֵ˸ˡ
뻮һĳԶԶ𣬲ϯһеĿٱƽʱ̶˶еľ
ˡ
ӵзḻоǣʶ㡪ɺܼ򵥣ŻǳءĻô죡
ֻ⸽³ûǿš
ΰèè񰡣뱣ǣ
п಻ϴδһؽСš
ֻôǮϲ㾫µСʵǳϡ
ǡ
Ȼûеòͷϳһ˫µè׺ŵ̵ΩΩФĳβ̬ͣ޳ŵʵںƯ
ֻƷҲʮ⡣
ڵǸպãˡ
ؿЦţԼôôù
ǲָܱסˡ
ֻϣ˲̫׼ķͽкԸɡ


170 
ë̶ӳӳʱ, ٳ۳ҵʿȻĿбӡ
ֻ˼ޱȵĶԻ
ǰʲôˣ
ë̡
ᡣ
ǰ
ڵ˻ֲ̿ʱ׼ĵעУƷǷ߾һɷ磬ת˲ǲ
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ûжǶѵĻֳ̰, ʯԽȺϰŸ׸ǵķ򼲳ȥˡ
֪˶, ֧ͻأͣ·ϵ̶, ¿ʼ˵
ղŵ׷ʲô
ΰèè, ҿ챻ˣ
ҲΪԼˡ
ǾԲͨǿȻֻǲǵҲ̫ˣ
׳, ǵȻʲôǿš
Ǿ˰ɣҿ϶˽, Ҳֹһѣ
һıӣǾȻˣ
δ̶ӳԱţüͷ, ˳˼
ȫƵϼʶ, ǶݵĽҲ˸Ķ
ʹӶܴݻһϲ³Էľݣܿ, ֻܸࡣ
һʿ, ̷ߵĸ߽ʿ
ֽϸŵľ, ϴŵíؼףԼͷ׵Ľ, Ǵſֲѥ̵Ļϥס, н
ÿλʿ䶼ѽһ, һ˫ֽ
ֻüɨһ, ϡЩ, ۻҵķͼڡ
Щװôͨʿӵеģ
еëȻȺǷԭ򣬻ǡ롱
ǵģ롣
ֻһʿӵЩ۸߰װĻȻ˶࿴ۣʶػرܣҲƲ̫ϡ档
ʮ˶üһģһҴʼնĿбӣȻطͨУžȥ
ԥˡ
нֹֻ⡢ʿӵеˡ
Ҫ⣬ͱˡǵܹǲġǡԭʹʿŸλ
ǰߵĻζŹҪƲùľģԸ׸Ϊ׵λϲУڽһβϵʱսС
ĽǶ˵ȻϣǺߡ
Ҫһ
ڳ˺ܾãǾһЩȻصгǡ
ҲûҪ̫ż룬͵ȶʮɡ
ʿٶȣһҪ죬ִܵ׸ǡ
һȻҪ£ҲܵõԼղǸĴ𰸡
һͨ˵ľ뷨Ȼʿǵչ˷ڡ
ϾǽһңʼնûйиĿǴͷβֻһЩصߡ
ʶԼԽԽ׸Ǻǵ۾ΪζԽԽǻҲƵظżӿˡ
Ҫã
ڵٶȵĻ졣
ٿһЩ
Ϊ˷ֹڼٷɳҧͷǼĽһֱԼʽ
ļǸʺϸ·ļڣҪôķҵĸȣҪô˵ױꡣ
ڴų׵ʿǶԣĸ·Уһֱųĸ
ûй䱧Թ
Ǽٽӽĸ׸УȻղǾ嵽ʱ䣬֪᲻ʿԸһСѡ׷Ǿڸ׸ǵȴ
ҪԭȵļƻĻʱӦѾصɳǣɳǵļˡ
⵹Ǹ˹Ҫʵϣ˹һԸΪȣΪȺпӦٻʿҪҪСӭӡ
һҲϲ뿪Сµߣ룬Ÿ׸ǣȫȥԼȥĵط
˹Ŀǣһزڱԭ򣺰ȫ
ɲгѰӻĿֵ£ø׸гǼĹϵ΢š
Ǽ˻ͨУгǵҲ˿û¶ҪַĶ̬˹ǰ˾裬ǿ˸׸ر
ڹڰУʵȫġֻͨ·һνŰ¶һ׸
׸ͨ˴ĽͨҲζԷΣգ¶ҲҪвֻɣֻҪסͬڳŵĳУȹ̵ĺԮ
Ȼܸл⣬΢΢һЦ˸˹ĺ⣺ӭӵڻԸңѡ׷ҵʿĵҶǸҪġ
ǷԸǧ׷ҳϣϧޱӵĹ屦
˰Ļ˹촽⶯£ûмȰ˵
Ȼ⡣
СӲµ⵽ж㹻ҳϵʿǸжϲ
ѾռһӦðʿȨ
ҡʿǶСԽǸм㣬ԽҳϣСҲԽ
ɹ˵˸˹󣬾Ͱ˸׸ǡ
󲿷ɼܸɵĸ˹˹ݶˣҲûпе¿ĵز
гǱߵͼʵڣ׸ǵģȷ·ϡȻͨɵ·
֮ǰͨ׸·һǲ˸׸ɣǵĶԷ⣬ļƻ
ھͿԷȥˣͷͬʱ޵Ļʱ仹̶ܼȵ̡
ó׷˹ݶ֣ҪӲġ
ͬڰ¶ɣΪϲһǵĸ׸ǣͷչһʮֳľӪϵ
ûбҪȥȥ˴һɵֳ¶ı־ԲƷ
ӮĿ֡
ԴӴԽ󣬾ûйôɵӵµ롣
ǵһôܳɹҲڹȥļôɶܵԭ
˿ĸḻɭԴ⣬λھѵλõ㣬ͻԴԴϵ˸ΪǴʵ
ڷ׸ǵ˰󣬰̵ʶһ㣺վһ𶥰ĺƽ١İ¶ҲˣȻȵƶ·ϣ˿ʵ̫ˡ
˵Ĳū񣺵ȻܹؾڼŰĽǡšͳһѵ
ūԣԽԽٵʳ﷢䣬ԽԽصũԽԽĶ졣
ƽԣԽԽԳܵ˰գԽԽٵԸճɣԽԽټۡ
ūֻʣһֵǮʧȥҲ˹ģֻй»΢Թ䣬۵ūƽᱻȲͣҲֱɣڹӲд£Ϣūȥ
һԷһֻȥϣ
Ҫʱ¸ûбеֶΣ¸κĵ
ʵϣǵĵҲٻܵӭֻĸĳüи̫ġοһˣҪཻһ˰ԽԽȱʳ
ôӵ滷£ضӪӤʮһܳ󣬾ѾƵˡ
ڰɺżĵĽʳ･óԣҸȴ˿Ҳ˹ȥʮҵһ
ȻڰԶԶ
޽³ǽȥסլ
ϣڰʱèèޱĬظŶˡ
kָһСŽǽھĹèè¡;֮һŽءŸëʣֽϿʼ¼Ļа¶͸׸꣬ǽ޽̫ˣԼ۱ҲߣӺС
ɳоݵص㣬Ҳӡҳ϶ߵĵط
ܵƣٷչҲܳΪġǿأڰȴе㡣
ɸѡڵһ񣨻ְ㣩ˣɣԱ´ָʾִҲ˸ıϡ
ҪṩรḸĸְһ˼һèèŴݸ壺Ҫ6µĶͯūҪֿչˣԱѡŮԣڽѧУӵһɸѡʦ̫ˡˣɾаɣҪָ֪꣬࣬ʶʵЩ˵
èһضֽţë׵ļһ
ŽɵظתתͰһֱӡˡ
ڸ¼ĵkдֽ󣬿İȴ׵ͣˡ
ף
֪ƿ﷦ζʵ൱èͷĹĵè飬̲ס̧ۣŵɻʹߴζ˰
һأ
ͼƯĽЦӯӯģµ˵Ҫkм¼仰èèɰţС
Զϲèè񡣡


171 
˵ڵһ˲, ˽Ҫӭèè˵׼
Ȼèֻ˶̵ÿԺԲƵһɲܽƵıʾ͡žϡ
Ҫˡ
, Ժո仰İ;ǰһӹԼϱһԵǿӭס, ݽŴÿŵϡ

һʱҲʵԼʱĻŭ, ӵӢòȴֱʵoֻ֪ȡ˳Լֱ
kһ߸˵غİСͽ, һսıצеèһ˼˰, ƯĴš
һϸȾǿ롣
ǿΪǼ򵥵һ仰, Ϳĳèè̲ס¶Цˡ
Ҳϲ
º, 鲻Խƽر˽
kһһգգض˫۾һס˵, ǿţ, ˡ
һֱǽԷһֻ޺ĴèèŻôݵkǾٶİ, kĽͫϵһ˲ȴȻʧ١
ܼĴڷļӹ, ˷ӶҵĽġ
⵽ôˣ
ûϸЩ
ЦЦΪδѣȥֵ÷ǳԴ׵ĶԷԤ룺ÿ춼һ, Ӧ÷ǳ, Ļֻ˵, 𣿡
èèĬĬ˼һ, ͬص˵ͷ
Ҷԣ˹ȻǳҪһ뵽˵ܿһЩϲҪصԼߣڷֹèèĴͰٴδ򷭵뷨ɤʱԵö˵oŵҪסֻصĲ£ȴİΨһǴķ濴ҵĲ¶ܳΪĶ֣ҲʵڲȥǵĴڡ
УҲֻۼôһλ
˿֪СĻرΨһŵСͽһȻ΢ſȻ˳˼
һС󣬵kص˵ͷ
ȻһkԾɥؿˣǣǻί£ȴҰæ
εkԸ⽫˹ݶŪεġʱԾģҲеϲ
kһ㶼ҡ
Ȼġ
ڵkġߡҲգؾ˷
èèעӺɿ˼£λoĵطЦ˵İѵ𣿡
ʲô
ɫͫصӳСƭӵӰ
ֻҪص飬ȷʵȥæµǾܵԼ߳˹
èèǣˬس㡣
Ȼȵkеʧ䣬Ưʹ򴽣ɫ¶һĨkûȴһ¾ͱס˵ɬ˵߸ϵʥź޷˵İ/

ԭŵĸߴoʱȴ̲סü˰ĻʹǰҲ˵Լࡣ
õġ
kȻû˵ڣ۵ȴд𰸡
̿ص˵ͷá
䲻رôϣûܼĺ˵˵
ǺܿʮϷصüĿԼŲţʮֱǸèè񰡡ɣʵһֱϵġ
ޱרעŵĽoʱסˡ
˵䣬ӹһԥǸ˸
ǹʹ
ûüѾҪ¡
ȺᣬҲܿ졣
ȷûסǡkĴ
o۾ˡ
ԼͨkɵķӦǻֱǵõ˼ԡ
ǡ
ΪСͽǴЩ΢Цĺɤڱκ𣬾Ƕõ壬ֻڵkǰţλƻͽҪ˽ضռλİһֱkΨһ

ھ£ϷϵͳǿϢֻͼҹ˴鷳
ֻڼż£Żᱻթá
ͱ˵Щ㹻ۻѻͿԲ÷֮Ӧعèè񣬶ǿԹԵر۾ˡ
ٴ۾èèҲѾָƽ
Եƽ
̧ǰôģȻ󡭡ӭһȻЩֱ׳ǡ
Ϻã
ʦͨˡ簲ǡӢoʺš
գۣųŻصϺãװèè񡣡
Ӽȡ㹻ിǿ֮۳oٲҪν˯״̬ˡ
ڰӡ˯к󣬵kѵõûѡǿд򣬶һࡣ
kһһ˲˲شźÿ˯գһƬ̲ͣ˼ʲô
ȻڳҲ֪ܵkóĽۡ
ڰУèèԴʾݵ΢仯
ݣȻǿƣҲ
ȸ˯ѵҳʵĴo׼ȷ׽˻ᣬһ̩Ȼ

èèЩǲǿʲôֵĿأ
Ҳ⸣˹ˡ
kȻ˵
Ҳŵǡ
k̹ȻŰ棬Щࡣ
˭ͨ΢΢Ķ䣬Ǹ߸ëĳβͣkĻϲ
һҹɱ䣬ˡ춮¡£kһһ۵˵ţҲῴˡұҲںǡԣ㲻Ҫġ
۵ԹһĨͿã
ҵʲô
ոûȫ״̬ԾӡǰǿĽoʱĵظемܡ
˭Ҫ
˵űκҪԵĻkһϸܵİˣһ֣صسŵţֻ㣬ҲֻҪ㡣Ҳˣֻ㡣
˵Ļʵ̫ˣкܶĻk֪ô
һΣkȴż
һֱΪİ᲻ģkȻû͵͵ȥԺ뷨ıԴȴǲ˵ѵġ
ʱkظо˵ģ滰
˵ЩҺܸˡ
ø֮øǿҲŶɢ
ֻЩڵkĿ֮С
ӵkʵӵеһʶһ̽һռ˵kȫ
õkİ
Ƶkġ
ռԼĻһ𣬵kŵһõ廨ȫԵѣһʢˡ
ֻ񣬰
ԼԼİƸ֮ġ


172 
£
ʼս߷ڰϵĸ˹, Ͳڷˡ
æµŵĹ¶ԣʵһܺ¡ڵȺһСᣬȻûеõµָʾ, ˹̲סˡ
ءһʶؿ˹
Է۵׵ĵǺŷӦ, ЦЦ˵ֻǱߵ¡
Ҫ
, ˹򴽣ǽǸʵ̫Զ׼˻ȥҲó
ټ, ⣬ʹأ
Ǹ׸ϲһǣҲܱȵٵ
С¿϶Ҫȥġ
ҪǸĿ׸¸ı, Ƕ޾ٹ⡢ʯ, ҲֻӦôǱ⻹ñҫϡ
˿֪ĹĹܼѾ, ղһֱǻڰԺеĵȻʲôǽϵèè
ӵһ޵Ĳý𷢵ĸߴo, ʱȥÿһһߡ
조ˣkȻԳеġӲݴĿҰ, ӵۻҵݻװεĿkԶڰϣûйƬתơ
k׿ڳϹ, kȤ
ĺǰȫһ
뵽ϵ飬ٴγˡ
Լ˵, ΪʲôҪֻĴèè˵Щ, Ҳ׼ȷĴԼʱĸ顣
Ϊ, Լթûԡۡ崿ŻôصС
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ͥ΢ڳǱĸǣȴңңʲô
١ڳɹūµƤڵģΪϸܵĺ飬ֲ̧Ķζˮ⣺𣿡
ߵͬ顣
ʲô
ıҪһЩȴҲһūͷҲû̧³ӲݣؽǷŵ¢ɹûشߴţˣϽꡣò˼͵ɣ
Ȼᣡ
ܵð˵رԹ˼һüͷһ߱ɵͶ뵽ũ
¶׸ǵĵһ죬еūҲģ
ʱôܼƵʲôҲûҪ˷Ҫʱȥϱ֪
һ㶼ڣҼˡ
Ȼײū˺ܿʶڰԶȵɲֵҪҸˣ
ǵģҸ
ζû뵽Լһ졣
ĸĸūζһҲƬصūǸ߹˵ĲƲ
ϵĶû𡪡ȻǻԶҪڼŰ⼸һͷţļ۸񣬶칻ʮūˡ
ţֻҪԲݾ͹ˣʱôص磬ܳ⡣
ţǳԵʳ
ūԣͼµ£ͷǳˣģɲͻᰤµĶ򣻼̾ûľУ̸úϵط
ջһܣͷҲεģȴʲô²
ǿ϶ģﶼǿյģôµóأ
ҪţһԲҲܻͺˡ
ÿһȴֵֻܷһϡĶͰֻӲĺʱūǶ̲סʵʵ㽡
Ҳ֪ԼʵѾˡ
ЩССƩɣ񶼶Ƽݣοūˡ
ÿ˸ɲ𣬱ŭĹ³ʱһ仰вǣҪҿ͵ͱڸ׸ˣ´ε˹Ͱȥ
һЩܻᱻŻˣһǿ۵ûεıӴϣһ߿ధŹ£֤Լƴɻֻתɳȥ
ʵϣҲ֪һ㣺һľ
ŬֺöԷҪʳﲻ࣬߹ү鲻ãһЩڶֻ֪ԷĻԼһᱻȥƶµĵطġ
ѣҲ
ȥĶ죬ǶԸرѣдİ¶ӿ׸Ǳѡ
Ǯ˶ڽǸ߶ıѽ󣬳ɹס˳
ҲЩͳѾ߾ȫˣòԼɣΪū
ʳ٣٣ѾˡиЩ
пĺжͬģοһֱڲֻܿЩ˵ĿռʳﶼǿҼѹڴǰʧȥ˸Ϥͬ顣
ǵģһֱôΪġ
ūһʹŻһƲס
ֱλĵµĵǲ֪ԭտĺô׽һԵ̵ģرóԡ
ԼȻôܳԣһ
̫ݳ˷ˡ
ϧޱȵؿʱЩ롭ҪԼĻʡЩ˵Сͷţˣ
㡱˺̲ס
ΰ񰡣ϣλ˲ôΪ
ĬĬš
ӣʵ̫Ҹˡ
һġɵĻȴÿ춼Եñġ
ûǶϡǳµıӺ岻õ˺Ů˻ᱻŵطһЩɵĻ
ӣͱȥˡ٣û뵽Ǹ£ȻǸͺŮء
񰡣
˼ʱԽԽǳһ´˲ǰڡսļ䡣
оˣ
ū¶ţţȴǿſ־壬û˸ҷũߡ
ȫµĵˡ
Ȼֱӵ˺ǣȴܻܿٻֳء
û˸Ϊ˻Լϵڶλ̣ũߡ
ǸµģЩ˿ܻ˺ڳǱλ£Լտƻص
ΰèè񰡡
־Ĺͷ˶ܵѡ׸ǵŵĹά˹ֻ˾µ
ūҲС
ϵţӸ׸λĴˡ
ʱİ͸ҲȺµʿסˡ
ôôˣ
һʮλҪûǴĻǿɢǰʿţһʮ˰ɣ
˵ȥŵǵһֱµʿǣȫԱڡ
ԶԶͷر̸ԳƵ⣬Щš
˹֮ǰȷƶرʾֻҪǵµٻһ᲻һеظϹʼΪֻĹĹܼԼ˾̫أŻִΪʿͬᶨơ
ȻҳϺ¸ԹŶΪʿҪƷ£ʵϣԭЧҵĹ峹ʧơ뿪غʿҪΪЧңܵĿ
˵ʿ֮Խɢ¹ֱˡ
һǰǣڲӻŴƵ£ͽäĿԼӵеһУðŴŭʧصķգİϲС
ֻΪͶδľ
ĬãŴԻ񣺡˹¡𣿡


173 
Ǹ׸ǡ
Щ, ŵ΢̧ۣΡߴĳǱͶԿ̵Ŀ⡣
һ, ͷʿǷɿؽһ
ǿ⡣
ɼ徭Ӫ˼ꡢһֱΪݻǱλǰʿŵĸʿֻǿΪסĵط
ӹ֤ܿ˳ʿݵǣٵǵķǷ塣
λ, 롣
ǰĹ¹, ǲɵ˺󼸲ִ򿪳ţֹعΪԷó·棺𾴵Ĺ븣˹ڳǱеȴ
Ϊ׵ʿǲδǱֳĹ, ڵȺʱ׻̲סӹһĨϲ
л֪
ٿʱ, ʿףһȻؽ˳ڡ
һƥƥ׳Ŀϣһɫشʽͬ, ݳ޵ʿ, ʵ˲˵ע⡣
ѵصʿܱѡ빫ʿУǾӢеľӢ
ʹڲס, ҲɱŰͦص̬
װıȻ, ߿̰ͦ, ֫޳, ȳͦΣľͷסֻܿһСӲ򢡣
ȻһսƴɱһδΪѪսǿ㹻ͨ͵͵ͶȥһƳΪηɿƿߡ
ֻеԶ󣬲ŸСٽĿŵϡ
ĿǱ˲ʶԼһһͬ˳
˰
Ƿĵظ̾š
ȴʿ뻤ǺڡҲǽǱΧʱֻͷҲص΢̧֣˸򵥵ƣʿǾ˲ˡ
һԶͷƤĽײʿԽ뻮һĶԥժͷԼ彣
һѰƽʱǵޱϧزš˯⣬Ӳ뿪ߵĽʱ˵ϡ
ʿڽӽԼЧҵǰչֳľ޺Թ˳ҳϡ
èè͸˹ӭʱľڸʿ¡׷ص龰
ȡ
ǰ˲䣬ȱʶؽͶȥ
ˡ
ɫչӲӣ͸һȴǶĻ͸ǲɫ쵵ĲӳڣǱڰгĲɹ⣬˿񵱳ɳǱɭ
ҪǱΪһֻµ鱦еĻ貶Ŀ覵Ĵڡ
λ绪ȫǹЩװΣƯʯҲеȻʧɫѾضȡעʹ
𾴵İ£ԶҾˡ
૵
ǿҵĸжлһ𣬲ϳؿڡ
ʹĥѣСȻûб䡪ǹâøҫʥˡ
踱ʿ¼Լ׷˵ʿǣͬһʱ䣬鲻ԽͬĶ
һλλءսǵһʿˡһصصϥ£óϷλòĵ񣬳Ըױȵľ⣬ֻkԸҹֵ̿ˣΣбӻҵĹ鴦
һжΰèèıӡ
طȣҲʿվ΢Ц˵ҲԵظлèè񣬸лkԸҵӭױȡ¸ҵʿ䷶
¡
СµỰһֱ߾ȫҪʿǰסȣ޷ԼĶˡ
ɿصͷʹ֪ʧҲ÷۾˫۾ɳǡ
ƽ˵꣬ڼҵ£ȴʣû˵ľӡ
һĻѾ̫̫ˡ
ʵֵһ̣λӢԶķĸʿȴĵ˿־塪һֻԼĻ롢һ۾ͻξ
һ·̫ˡ
ʹʿȻƾˣȻһۿǾѾǿ֮ĩ
Ҷ´ĵһϢĻ˵
űıĸ֣ȸжЩ
ƽʱèèĸо
ǣڰһͷò׼ˣڼ˵ļһ˲ֻ֪ءͽеĴܡ
ֻͷʵ̫ߴˡ
ͰĿ˵ȵ߾ɳסղԶЩ϶ԷǵϥµƲŲôԡ
ʱһֱվǰ°ͣһ̫ĽǶȣܿԷ
ܿԷһֱͷ
ҲԭĶԷ米ĶôԵòȻ
Ӫѷʱ߿൱壬ʵҲԶƽߡ
ǲ縣˹ŵǣ˵ǹ⣩øߴèèˡ
ΪֶεèèѾܸˡٸߵеЩ΢Ľʡ
ȴû뵽ͻȻߵȣʿųԱҲʮָߴͦΣҲֻèèҪ΢һ㡣
ԼʿŵòϿģš
ȻǿˡԼе㰫ʵ󣬽£һߵèè
oɫƽ۵ٲȻ޴⡣
ȫ
ǣȻſ˫ۣ󷽵ӵȻһĸʿЦӭǵĵԵظеϲϲҪʿǣ˳ءƽػصҵߡ
ҹҹϸ衢ҵýƵˮõɵӵİȫˡ
˱ҪģļǴΡᡯ⣬Ҳ֣磬һմ
Ȼű˸һͣģֻԿɹԼĿͨʵ֡
뿪ᣬҲȤˡ
Ҳһ
ǰֵҾƣȴǺȤ
ڸ˹СƽʱжίԼжݱˡ
ūÿԱСȴţӲἰԼϲʳ
԰ԣҪס̫ޱȹԼĸ˹ȷһѶȲСս
ҪƣҪƵϢסԼϲãɵûǰٲȺ׼ҲֳǵĻᱻ˹ˡ
Ҳȷˡ
ֱɵʵˡɡ󣬰˹ڵ˲žȵط֡
ƽʱܻζҰÿɿڵˣϲʳǼ⣡
԰ԣҲ˺һС鷳ǸȻø˹еգڻһʱ䣬۲ϲʱҲϸˡ
õһа߹ȥ족ָʾ󣬸˹ȶݵ뿪С˵ߡ
װèè񰡣ƽ⡣
°󣬰̲סߵĽo֣ȴkסȻȻء𤡱Լϡ
˶٣Ҫ佱ѵûҳԴ׵ĵkʱȻʲôԡ
èèüɿü
˼κèè򶨵עУڱŶλ˽⡢ƶжϵߣ԰ɣ
֮ǰȻҪߴö࣬ߵóѰǰӦûҪһèè񣬾Ȼ͵͵ԼһЩ
èè񣺡
kİʵ̫ˣ


174 
, ʹǼʶĹʿųԱҲһر԰¶ǵƾ޵ˡ
ԭֻĵһ, ȴ⧲±̼ͷ鲻ѣŻġ
ǱɹСɫһ±Եĺ죬ؽƱŲԶЩ
ʲôƣ

ڵõǡèèٹ⡱Ĵ𰸺΢΢üûüѯʣʹֺǺǵŵõ˸ԾĴ𰸡
ǵľƣ
ǵġźһèèٹ⡱Ѿƾŵ, ɫڽ˵ţȵ, ⳡϵоˮǾƽһһյµָʾġ
Ȼȷе˵õҪַ, ǡ󡱡
Ѿ㹻𾪵˵ˡ
šü, žƱԥ£ʧȥ˼Ƶ/
ֻǶ̶һʱ䣬ŵôô޳ˣ
Ϊ, ôõô͡ȥİõ˵ĳɹ
뿪ߵʱ⣬ʵ̫ˡ
Ⱦܵرֵúɫ˿ĹƾˮṩʿáʲôԵŵŻԸ˵£ǵô𣿡
ֻǸʿȫǳϹʱϲáʵϣȸʤһ
6ŵ, Ȼᱻƽıƭ
Ȼľƾ˼Щٶ, ŵڶͣһС, ǷӦ˹
, ʾȸԼߣȻָƬλڻǺǱأܿ𣿡
ŵ˵ʲô
üͷ壬ȸеĪֱϷŪĲãȻԡ
ڰǰﻹֻһƬյء
ŵţڵĻ㿴Ѿȫ׵ˡ
ŵǡ
ڵȴһȴõصĴ𸴺ȵ𽥺ľҲˣҵֻھƣ׵ء
ҲҪ֪ŵͶδ˵ͬζƬ׵ءЩƣǳǱǽǸ޲õĴȱڣȫǵġ֮Լ˵ǳèèּΪͨΰĿ顣
ŵոͬǣɾǸյʱԼ͸˹
ΰèè֪ǵһۿС»ųͷѻĵأظ¿ǽʮָʱľж𺳣
ҲĿˣ֮ٶľ龰ҲǶˡεը⡣
ϰŵףиصʳҲǰ½̻ūһչġึˣ㣬ǵ²ʲôʱ⼸춼ȥˣηһ
ȣ
ŵĻشһ侲صĸʿһױشĴʯѡ
ѯʵ˲ŵǣǸ˹С¡
ֱ㱵ͬһҲûҵ˵Ӱ
ֻڿʼһʱλϣķΧ𽥸ǣΪþñطĲⳡΪǽӷϴϳ׷ɣڲκ˵£Ÿ˹ȥλ¥ϵĻ
Ȼ粽Ļèè
רٿĴȣݻ̶Ҳȫ¡ϵȵľصҪ˲̧ĴԲ⣬ʽ𶥵̨
Ҫǽ̨ȫϣɣһɽ˵Ļᱻյ硣
ձ᲻ϵơõϨԸ˯ʱڼּҵȻ˷ѵ¡
ƻͨΪ˱ʾҪʿǵӣڻֻˡ£ʡǮһ·ӵİֱӽûκʵϵġЧȴǿ޿޵ġèèָˡ
ζ㣬˹
Ц˵żȻٻʿȫԱʮ־ϲ
˹ȴվ΢΢󣬱ʾԸӹ𾴵ĵ£ԲҵĹͣеҫʴȡ߹ˣҲǵԼ
Ȱٿ˵ʲôĵؼ˵Ҿ˵ѡֻҪ׷ĸ߹֮ˣ޷ִа˵ǾӪƫԶƶɡȸİ¶ĸ·Ưķ־ǻ۰װˡ
ʵϣҪǸ˹ڰյִɳʱдٻɢʿĻҲһ޷˵ر
˹ȴû
Ϊʿҳϣǵʱĵµȷ̫ˡʣǶԿ/СȥȻΥǽƻĿ׻´ԭ
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㹻ۺʱ󣬾Ͳ֮ǰɵ׵ŭ𣬿Թؽʿٻˡ
Цҡҡͷûйظִܼ˭Ĺ͸㣬ǺȻнһ⣺Σǵĵǰæˡ
˹侲ôĶùթĿסҪǵĻϣмĳżȡһЩӵһԸǸɱֵĶͽĹ塣
˵⣬˹΢£һϸ۲Сµɫһ߻˵ţλδС㣬ȻɼΣǴ̰ĸȴ˲ҹάڸæڹֺÿס
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Ǹ˹ȫȻûȥλoٿȻϸ΢ı仯
δޣ
ʶؽؼظ˱飬Ȼ󲻼˼ҡҡͷ˹Ҳû䵱γ룬Զᡣ
һʱסˣûȥèèʱı飬治ɫغţӦúӽͽӵ顣źǣմȾȨۻ࣬Ҳ⡣ˣϣҪǰߵĴ࣬⹼ΰèèĶݡ
ΪϵжأǷƫ־Ϊṩ˶ˣ˹˿û¶Ծ򷴶Եɫ
ظǣ¡
ĿǰҲûȡЩɹĴ㡣
Ц˵ұϾ̫ңԶˣʹȡˣֽ׶ΪṩҲ΢΢ġҵ뿪ʱ̬ƫƫôǱǲ̫ҪǣʨӴ󿪿ڣڳ̬˵Ҹ޷ܵĿ
ʲôʱҪϵ͵ƻֵ֧ŵעҪóʵ档
˹üЩֹ
ҵȻĹǣװĹܼ
˴ǵЦ⣬ں彲̫ˣ飬ԶԶֹƷ׵λô򵥡ѡ·Խȥ˵ԽҴڵ谭
һܼ򵥵⣺ƾʲô֧
ҪϹĳ谮ѪôҪĻǵͲؿϳǰΪ֮ءɡͬˡ
ֱ԰Ĺ¶ǳ/ڻϳķɣвֻΪŵġλ߶ѡ
ȨֵĿ׶޷״ǣοĿǰ涼Ƶˡ
ºĿǰӦУ֮ӲŵĴ㡭ȿЩ彫λܹҲͲԶˡ
Ϊԭʲô
Ҫı䷨ɡ
÷ɸͨ˺ūӵоȨĹ塣
ע͹ΪˣжԳ̶ȵأֻ˫ĴС
ԽҪײ֮ϣԽǿײ˻ģĴԽԽݡ
Ȼûоƽȵ磬뻯ҰģҲû浽ҪֱӴӹͳηԾ//ƶȡ
ʷĽһֻ̨ܻƽļҲҪѭ򽥽
پĿǰԣĴڻбҪġ
һὫǿúܴܴ㹻ÿ˳ԱȻҲˡǳˡŬǻۣ䵽顣
ҲǿдԼֺ󣬾ֱӽΪУֻԸ˼һмǳü˵ͷʱ׵ǵĲϡ
Ҫ㣬ұ뾡ܵʹͨ˵
ڸ˹˼ʱİ˵ţǵκ񡪡ҪеԼǿϰ߹ŵ˾ͱԼѧվȷŬȥá
Ҫʶһ㣬ԸⳢȥĻ
˵ͣ£۵¶һĨɡ
ܿ죬ͼᶨ˵ȥ
Ǿͽӵʿ־߰Ĳӡ
ʿųԱǣδ֧Ӵӵ䡣
Զҳϵս
ܼǰԶֱͦļǣȴǺԥ͵Ĵǰ¡
ƽǱϾݣ类յůڻıɽĹԡ
˿ǰȴԼĻʲôֻһбؽԸװĵ¡


175 
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ǳƽʱֻʹõĴ㳡, ǿǰӵ, ūһãȻվھһ, ֪Ҫʲô
еˣǵһ, վڸɾʯذء
ǵĵȻҲеʮֲ졣
ϧͷ⣬ӿϽֵΪ˹۲ǡ
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Ȼ, ŵǵٺҲȷÿ˶ںŵЩ
󣬾ֵЩΧŹ㳡վһȦĹǳ, ɫӵЩ֪Լж˵ūǽнˡ
ūһã㳡, һã뿪
ֱߵϤĸظˣǲԻŵؿ˴, ͼȷԼݣ, ƣ𣿡
ǹٱ£
ȻȽϺãø, ֪Ҳࣺλү˵, Ѿ繫, ڵҪˣŻЩūҲʸ񡭡
񰡡ūţţҲ𣿡
㣬˶ееĲ˼顣
˭֪ūȻ֧䣬ǵͳصĹˣǽµء
ϲи棬ȴᡣ
ūӳһƬؽذһ
뿪ʱӲȦţһҲߵū
ûܹһȨȻҲûвս
ζţǻ᲻ĽЩܴŹƯ·ڴϡڿϣūҪԼ·ԡô۵ĿУǾҪ׳ҲĸԸ
ǵģ
شū˹ܶʱ¶⣬ȻѾˣֻҪͨѵºﵽܺͽҪ󣬾ܳΪһӣٹ£ͨڶɸѡ˾ܳΪʽ
ͨһɸѡūۣÿڵɻʱһбԣǮãÿ5öң
ҪڶɸѡҲͨĻǴ͸ˡΪԤۣǲֻܴеƯ·ÿ¶1öأ
1öң񰡣ǿ1öң
˹ܶԴһֱ±ϣûпֵּߵġӲӵǮء
뵽˿ĭᶨҪͨѵľġ
1öҶ˵Сµ
ūԣȴǺܴһǮˡ
Ҫ֪صó˰һ·ϲԣĸ׸һūۻһĻҲܳ5öĶȼǮҲڼ۸¹ǹĲ
ȻζΣա
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Ƕһ֪ūǣҲԼսӦûڲԶĽٴαȻƽ޹ʻôǮʳôʿʲô
ʵūҲͦõġ
ѪɵĻ棬Ϳ־ش˸䡣
С˵˺ܺģÿ춼ܳԱء
֮ǰʱʱҪ̼ɵĻҲأǱкƣĥʱӲŻˮһ쳣Ծ״ָı䡣
ǵѾһı仯ҲòηٵΣգԸʵʵūˡ
ūֵֻؾˣܳԱΪʲôҪȥôΣյսȥ
ȥҲũū˿ʼҡҲķ⡭Ҫķ⣬˵Ҫ5𣿡
ҪĻڲпսУЩѵصʿΣأοʱѵˡ
˵һũūҪǰء
ԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽԭĵū¶ɣ׷״ùġ
Լɡ
һЩūԥʱ˹ܶѾ¶ģնҷҪȥӦģһӦһҾҪȥ
аڻȥԼǼСǰ£һ˻㯵ͬһ䣺ҲɣҪλʴȵʧˣϳ׸ǵĻˣÿıҲʧģ
»ֵڶλʹԸūĿ
˹ܶĻūڨڨš
˸ı⣬˻ԥЩաϣڶ챻ܾػˡ
Ǻð˭˵˾䣺ֻ2ܵܣҶԼ˰ɣѹ˵ôɡ
Ȼ֪ڸϵЩԻʱ˹ίѹ
̫ʩЩֵ֪ͼūݣǵθڣǰ״̤Σյˡ

ұҲҪ̫ʿ͵ȻҵȷýϺõĴȥǣҪΪһʿǶԽǮĿҲǲġҪǴȴһ£ĳɸѡ
ҪĲǵĹӶϣʿѵ£һ֧֧ӵоĶ顣
Ͼֻһˣʹϵͳ߱ǿ׵ӰҲվ޵ġ
սȫ汬ܹȫ棬ܻڳսۡ
ֱЩ˵ĶȻȥ˶ڴͣһֱ͡
ǿվв״Ұĺ׷ĵɫﲻֻЩ
Ҫгߴ
Ψлһľӣſҡޱȡ
ҲڿַūǶܳԱӡ
¶ɳǲͬ׸ǵ㹻֣ӺٽзĴ
ڼĺе䣬׸ǵҲǲȱʳġ
һˣԴ´ࡣ
˵ūᰤҪΪȷϡȱճ̫ĻǸ׸ǵūӣʹġ
뵽Լ˽ʱһֻֻѵľͰŷ˶󣬶ЩȻѾù˵ľ󣬰̲סҡҡͷ
Ըĳһֱڲֿֻصù䡢˻޷ʳõĳ̶ȣҲԸָ©һꤵū
ɱǣʹ׸ǵūҲǹϵҸˡ
ҸÿΪйŭ޴ūʱ׳ҪǲͰȥв
ǲԵġ
̾Ϣ
ˣõȴٵġ
ڴܵˣȴصˣȻӵһС
ֻΪνĸ߹ѪҺͶ˸̥
ūûϣԾԣͷ컨ĸ߶ȣʵҲÿ
Ļûжκ˵Ǹ˹
˹һڶľҳϣ뷨ͷʾͬȴע
ڸèèߵҹȴܶ˼봿̹ԼΣЩǻεĸ̫˶˼ϵĴȾҲŤת
ֻܴƾܶ컨壬ٸǵһѰӡ
Ӻխޣһɹȶ;ˡ
Լ˼ʱЩèoë׵Ĵβͣĵؾϡ
һkµٴսЩ̵Ĵϡ
㡣
ϵһ˲õһռ˵k˼
ߴèoľޤСèèһ˼ңѡ
kĺϲԼС°
һεҪƿû͵׵oǰԷתתɫ۾һÿƹɵŻ⡢һ˳µڰϲȾ׸׸Ǵѡ


176 
лл, ˡ
εƿ˸ûղЩĵkش˸Ƿ˯ˡ
ɵϺƳյλûԶ, Щ᲻ýϵͳ˯״̬
ɴһסʵضȥèo, ˼ޱ߼ʵس۳ҡ
׸ƶļƻ, ٱ¼һ1000ˣڶ500, ټ롣ū˿ڲ׸ǵİ¶ɣ¼һЩ
ǰùɵ˿ͳƣɳ1˰10ũū׸ǵȫƵϽ13, ٶʢ1:1гǵ1:2.5
ϲһ顱ĸ׸ǵĸģɴ˿ɼһߡ
⵱ȻҲԭ׸ǳĺͲءÿĩβҪֵĿѳ׽, ʮ۵ļ۸˳׵ū, ΪʡĶҪĵĿ
һɸѡ̭Ľ, ÿūֻʣó׳, Ҳѹڸչάָصĳ̶ȡ
ĳһڰгﱸ԰¶սˣ׸ǵǰȱ, ûϵͷࡱū, ʿ
ͳθ׸ǵİ, ȻȥЧ
ɻµľ飬ļտͶֻҪ1ˡ
׸ǹ˰1, ū3֮ࡣ
ʣµͶ, ȥʲôأ
֮ǰЩ˰ŵҪ, Ǹͼͨ¶ɵ·
µʱһζ, ߵ·Ѿ޺ˡ
ɺͰ¶֣æ³ǽĽ
׸ǵĳģ
ü
˿ޱȳܡϲһǵĳй滮Ȼ˿ϡٵɺͰ¶ˡ
ߴƵؽǰҪЧĻǾû궼ɵĴ󹤳̡ɼôµļʵҪֱƷĻδҲ̫ϧˡ
ҪеĸϽţȥĲ֣嶯ߣʩԣһʦĹ̡
ֵǣ̵ⷽ˲ţĿǰֻаһ
°ԸƳвֵĹԷ͵Ҳֻʹ⣬ûб˾ӡַĸ
ԳǶԣҪľʵԡ
ȻڸԼ
ţЩյüġ
ҪСѶ˷˵ĻͱȥԺҪƶˡ
Ҫǵ⿿Щֱ棬ȻԶԶġ
뵽΢
˼ؿߵĽo
ߴͷ϶һ˫ë׵Ŀɰèʱŵk飬ʱʱһһ
ɵĳβͺܷɵؿ˹͵͵شڰϣ·ڼװһ
Ľɫԡɫ¹£黯ıԵ׺ˮԣעĿ
o
kһգգضɢĴϡӲӵ΢֪ʲôʱѾľһָϡ
޳ָһȦĿĽ𣬾һöĽָ
ҪƽʱĻһڵkôǰûһǶԿɰĶ䣬ȻίغkſԼͷġ
ڵȴԵkСȤһֻ۱һֻۣ¶õЦݣԱպζ˾ΥԸװèè񰡣ҵ󡭡
硣
ճڳԹ緹󣬰ȴûƽʱһʱȥ׵ѲӣǶһߵĸ˹˵ξеõµͣôһҪΰèèһʾ˽һ죬ҶҲҪʳ˹ѡְصſڿأκ˽ȥš
˹۾ۣܿ촹ף֣ޱȵӦˡģ𾴵ĵ¡
ͷˣԴλҳϵĹܼȷŹèèĴںֻҪһ͡׳ͻǰغá
ƭҪĲ£ʹڴèèҺ󣬻ǺԥʵԸˡ
һС޷Ľۼֺܿɢ
ڽɢȥ˲䣬ոջλ𷢹Ŀ䣬Ȼرÿһˡ
ͬʱڸ׸ĳĹά˹ϣһע⵽ĺǽǴȻӰ
߳ǰèèʱˮýԼèèȫ¶ϸһ顣
ޱĿĽ𷢱ˣȡ֮ǳɫ
èèļ£˵òûκα䶯ֻ渲һ۳ɵıġɴ˲ܿΪãʶغǳϵԽ
Ƹ֮ʱƵǼˣΪ˱𲻱ҪĹעܸڰ߻ĵkһֱ⵭ԼΪĴڸС
װϣҲǹʸͲġ͵ݻ˿ۣĳͶñװ硣
ϴһ˫ɾƤѥ۷ĳȱȹҪֲ࣬ҪڵʳũΪ˷÷ǳ̡װõëƤ·ʵ㹻ʣΪɫҲԣ˲ϵۼԶûйõİǾеȵܸļ۸
Ǳ׼ġЩСǮ׸ġֵĽֵ
ȷϹ˫״̬󣬰׷ģΪӿ˷ܸУ¶˸˵Цݡ
ǰУǺڸ˹ܵػµģٸһλϵʿ
⻹һûͬ£ֱۡעĿķʽȥʵ۲Լ
ṩؼoõЦţĸм֮ʣװèè񰡣Եظлṩİҡ

Ӹղ𣬾ֻǰؿİСͽĿģoȴͻȻɴشĻ
ҲҪĸл
kȥĻܻãð¶εı顣
ǱǱ˹ݶǴΡ
kʵóǺܿģȴװ˵ӡ
kð΢ˡ
ƫƫkԸĴȴ֮١kǺѵòܵõʵԸĻġ
϶ޱأʮϧȥ
kôţ۾һ˲˲΢İ֪һֱߣлҡ
˵ԭ򣬵kܸоÿл󣬾Щͽһ͵k֮ľ룬һ¾ͱԶˡ
èè񣿡
ţտɫһƬ͡
¾˵kᣬ̬ȴǳϿңԲҴˡԺҲ˵лĻˣèèԭ𣿡
ȻеģèoעһС󣬻ص˵ͷ
ká
һ̣ƯųЦݵˣǣס˵k֡
װģȵЦӯӯ˵ȻѾˣǾҷܵ룬ͬǵĳаɡ


177 
, ĳʴȵˡ
áӴˣڸ˹˻ڳֵϣũԿغջ, ֻ﷥ľӱߴĻ桭Ǻİ
׸Ǻ, ҲڳеҪֵѲӹֻ˵ۻˡ
ڲ˶Ŀڵع۲죬ԣǺ桢Ҳ顣
飬Ҳһ±ˡ
硪
װèè, һֱװӵС¯, ʵȴߵĸߴo볢̺ζ𣿡
̺
k, ŽĿӰջͶǸɴżӵ£ΧƾɵΧȹͷȴòסͷȥСϡ
ܸŷoͬ, ͬǣǶϲٵĩȥ
ڳɾλ, ҪͨеĽֵϣʱҲֵġ
һЩû㹻ıǮȥ, ûܰС̯ĽֵλõˣҪǻƷصĻ, ඼ѡ߶ʽ
ͰһЩὫԼõС¯ڽṹ㹻ʵСƳ, ؽֽտĸͷ̷
ЩĺˣǶﶼ᲻ûǮġ
̼еϢ, 㹻ЩڽȥСӵϲ, ҪΧæµĸĸתȦ, 㹻, ܴæŽµǴߵĸĸõһֻǮ
볢𣿡
ûèoĴ𸴣һΣҿ˵k
oӹһĨ
kȤ
ңǲҪʳġ
ƽʱڲһʱkҲֻӣȥڽʳʵֱͨӽǷԼʳﲻźۼתˡ
֪һ㣬Ϊʲôᡭ
Ƹ֮˼ؿһֱûӵ̺ƿİ
һСo۾һˡ
š
kһص˵ͷ볢
k֪ˡ
ʵǰϲ볢
ƻĽ˿֪ԼЩС˼ʵѾֻèèˡ
ڳɹաkҪĴ𰸺󣬶Щɢ˵ĵŨȤȴ̫˼ֳȻȻ߹ȥλͷ̷˷ݵĺ
λ
ȥһݵ̷̺һ̧ۣ⧲ײһ˫Ưò˼۾ʹסˡ
񰡣ôôˣ
ʶкðŻعԭȴ֪һµ˰˶ȡ
ϰԵձ΢ֱͦЩܵŵĴڵĸȾ˶ԾرñˣҪʲô𣿡
¶ԼϤĻɫһʱ仹еţΪèèͻȻʧЧˡ
ȷϹ·˵״̬ûͣ࿴ԼһۣͶλһߵСģЦѯʣҪݵ̺һǶǮ
Դ͵ĴʹԼЩıҵдֵǮĶҺҡ
Ϊ˷Яֻ6ö䵱èèֵʽ
Ը׸ǵۣҲǴ´ˡ
ݺöͭҡС̬ʣϸĻֻҪһöͺˡ
ʱЩ̿ллۿۣһҪըڱ
ǡ
ȻܾЩʧ䣬Сƾıܣݾòع̬߾ѯţʣҪʳǡۻõˮأ
ʳǺõˮģۼ۸ȽϸߣѡĶҪಹһöͭҡ
㣬ȴλþĿ˾ڲᡣ
µضС¯ϵıɣڻش𣺡һʳǣһõˮɡ
Ըèèųԡ
ʹλ˽ĵСѾܵط˶Ͼȥﶼ˵飬ᣬҲǺܿˡ
һ1öҡ
ؿſ˽ӹڱֽӹöңȴûսԼŵǮȻıӰ
ף
ӰԽԽԶԺйλ˵ļ䣬ҲԽԽƽˣҸղôˣ
ӡǽӴһλĿˣ
ȴ벻ˡ
С㯵һ󣬺ܿһλ˿͵ѯлعɸղǶαÿ̹ĵļˡ
Լĺڱһֻèè󣬰֪λСʧԭ
ԷֱӶԻʱòãǲЧġ
ڶԻȴܵԷԺеؼ䡣
ԭˡһÿеֻǣסèèģɫ³ԷĵطһЦŸ̾һΪʧЧˡһ
ߴӢoƺɰʱֽסֻȻطס˰ָСͽǣȺﴩ
k֪Լ˿̵ĻŭţֻʾʧЧġ
ǰѵϣk£kôܲľȥء
šȻҪԸһµ˵ܸʵĽ顣
֪èè˼ѾȫƮˣڷܵӦһ󣬾һߵţһиƵëֵһҪҪ·ಿţӶڴɨÿҪˮΡˮҲҪãҪǿ̵ϰߣڳռ㣬ͳһѲķˮ͵ѷʵĵطҲҪ콨á
ĵȻŽΪƽʯ壬Ͱ峵ƽȵͨУȴûн׵ˮʩ
컹ã챩࣬Ƕˮ㵹ȫˮһŲȥȫˮĻˡ
ʵ˿ڳܵĴͨԽ࣬ҲԽ̰࣬ͼ㣬Ҳֱ½
ڵģõ·ءЩеƶסСﰵֻ֣סÿ鷳⽫ˮ⴦ǣѾǺܽɾˡ
鷳ܶ࣬ǶԴ˱ֹ۵̬ģϼȰֻҪǰҪ̫鷳ǶԸ⾡ԼһûһЩ
ÿÿ춼װŷˮͰϽ·򡢾Ϊ㵹ѷʵֱһ鷳ο˼ˡ
ҲѹֻΪʡ£ѡͶ͵㵹ϣ߽ԶĻǺÿǺñȽԶѣɾһֱ֧Ӳҵʺӡ
Ҫڹ̶СڰһЩռ㣬ٹӶ๤ÿƳȥ͵ĶѷʵأҪ򵥺ܶˡ
˾󣬰Ƕ˱Ƚ֪ˡ
˺ĸҡˮԶƮĳζҲԽԽԡ
Ϊһ˸࣬ҪʵȵɻҪֵöࡣ
ϲн񱣬ֻվڻʹǰĴ̻ǴԺǰиȽ½ŵء
ȻǰǸſڡЩͼﲻߵСؤĹԱԴû
ӿֵҪ·һЩϢΡ
Ȼ߱߳ԣزǵΪ
ܵСûʲôСĻһƬǵעġ
ȻԼݣٻе˳£¿ϧĸоèèȽ˵ıҵʵĵطˣһ԰ɡ
á
oҲգشӦˣ˹ת˲ͽĿԼλе
Ȼһڴ֣ҪԼĽǣ
kҪǣ֡
û취
˵ǱԹĻȴ¶˳Ц⣬ҺԥҲ֣ǣס˵kģ߰ɡ


178 
԰, ʵؿΪ¹滮в׼ĵһ졣
Ϊø˹ģǰҪȥ, ÿÿ붼Եú
׸ǱҪö࣬һǲܹģҪ͡ҪЩط
ԭȵļƻԳ½вʱ, ֱǰĻ, ǽ, , ҽԺһĹʩΧ
ڿ, ڲȱʵ̫, ûˮϵͳһȻˮɽ嶯Ҳܲ鲼
ķӴʯƵ, ľ, Ҳѡõľġ
Ĳ¥ߵĽɫ۵, Ҫɸ߶˰ܿĶȴ, ԼǶŵ۸߰Ĳɫ
һ׸ǣвͬפڴˣЩź¥ͶԾ̾ĽĿ⡣
ԽߣܱߵķӾԽԽС¾ɣѷݼĿ϶ϸխޱ, ˶޷ȥ
ȫľ, һ, ǲ롣
ԺһҪȫˡšü۵ȻһһƬȫҪꡣ
ǾΣٽ磬˶ؼˣС̷ڼЩСģҼһ̴Ѷð˴̡
ֻҪļҵĲûܺãɣֵ˲ܱһƬ𺣡
ʱ򣬾ͱŻˡ

뵽ҪĶĵطԶеҪö࣬ЩƴĹˡ
ȣСǼ򵥣סܱҸƵĵطðɣ
Ǿζţڳ⽨һʵļסٸÿÿһʱǨסȥ
·ӽˣٸǵû߸һʲǨ⳥ԼǲҪͣĵط
ЩʯƷݵĻȻܵرԭ״ܲͲʯ̫ˣ˵ķݴ඼úܺãǨĻػҪԭ̡Ǽǲܵġ
Ϸкüʯϣ׼ǣǾܵø׸򵽵Դ
ɴͽ˺ڵΪɳֻҪǱλò׸ȨۼľͲı䡣
ά˹شֵľͷһɱȽϵʩͬȫ³³ĵĻͶΪèèɡ
ʽ浹Ǻܳ㣬⻹ɼôԵ˵ѹե
ëϣҲʱǮȥǸȥĵطˡ
·עľΪݳ޵ȫʯơ
ֻҪˮԴ㹻֯ѵһԱ޷ְִڡÿÿûȫص֪ʶĻͻȷİȫˡ
һ·һ·룬˼ת
һֱߵĲƸ֮һжɰġ
ÿ춼Ӱ룬Ҳദ
ûģƸ֮񣬻ǵһᵽ˽ǣԼĴ֣ҸÿҪˡ
kƽڵȴԽԽ
ʱӿȣõkÿһоƮƮġ
ÿȾеĴУڸ׸ɵϣÿ춼СС
ϸЩСеģڸ׸ڲ⣬ҪԸסˡӸ׸üʮķΧڣطֲһЩ˼ҡ
ǴÿܶһˣһЩũƷһЩ޷ԲƷȥеĵ档
ռࡢȴܲСһСȺ塪ǾסջĸߡǴˣҲлҡʲʫˣΪڵʵҲƣòѡ񵽴Ĺǡ
ҪǼҵʵãסϺõ᣺סλõÿԼĲİȫͬʱõϡżҪΪԼĻ͸ˣֻҪŴߺһɤӣжЩ۸ߵᴰµȻƶӦ
ҪɬģֻίһЩסʱ޿̲ɢųͶСˡߵ¥סײǲǰ컹Ǻҹ⿴ȥûκ𣬼ֳ䡣
ϰ᲻ùÿ㵹˷ķˮʱǿֵп϶ﵹö֮꣬ҲˢǹŻζ
ڴèè̤ӵһ˲䣬üͷûɿ
ԭΪھɳʺӵĳƵĻѾ޷ˡڿһֻһĨĲϣŽվֵɫ͡Сűʱֱӵͷȥĳ嶯
ߵèè΢
kץᣬڣġ
ܶԣġྻ͡ۻࡱʵûʲô̫𣬵ԽԽóԹɫoһ¾˰ѿɫԴ
kİɿ˽ǣŵ֣˼ɢkͰʵʵعסˡ
ޱȴ̱ǵζҲ˱ضǵۻࡣ
ϰѯʵߺ󣬵kϽ͵࣬ڲȥҲմˡ
ʵó̫սͼ޵£ѡ΢ЦŽ˵kĺ⣺װèè񰡣ôġ
˵ᴩνϱŵĹά˹ؽǸ׸ǵĻЩĿڵëϸѪܡ
ͨ뵽ĵģһײ㣬ǷĴһֱգһ
Ǿеƶ
˰ʧȥԸأΪͷ˰ȱ˷ס˵ķ
ҪõĻǵڽҵõĻһ˶Ҫ
С¡ǿ־ģǴҪյͷ˰Ҫûܹ˰ĻǾҪȱԼ
ǾõķӶ޷סֻܹСĳӴɥʧɣΪūˡ
ʹԼڵûбūҪ϶١ҲβԸ䵽־ƴŢ
ҲǵؿһЩ֧ƾɲС̯һЩ̵ʳ
ֻǺͰڹά˹ؽϼЩ̷ֵ̯ͬλϵʳﲻûɢʳָ󶯵ذĻû뻷ĳš
÷ǳˣ˵һЩȱˣ޷ջƶԸˡ
oĳ֣ĻԵø룬һ¾˫۾Ĺע
Ŀ䵽ϵһ˲˵ĵһӦǾޡ
ڻعеܿתΪľǵһ׸ǡ·ˣȻٹġ
еǺģĿɨɨȥǿֻɭƯ¹˵ĽЩǵԱɪ
еѾߵ;ĩ·̰עǣֻҪͷķһʡ
ܿ죬˰಻סǰˡ
λ𾴵
ԽǿḻеˣõԽܿԲλòԭһɢûסùˡ
ܵġ
룬ôӢÿʿôܿء
軹Ҫҩ
һµȻ޴棬ȴζ᲻ߡ
û㲻ǸɫԸͨ/ծ
ǮȻʡˣҩҲҪǮģûܹҩ̵ϰ壬ͱʵʵǮˡ
֮⣬סķӣԵĶѾŬˣ벻ҩǮܰͿˡ
뵽ɫҰܣԼ־һ̻Ҫȥ裬ѵ´ϼֺõЦ˸ײϥ񣺡ְСҪһΪṩҪ6öͭҾ͹ˣһ磬ʲôԣ
λױݣװ¶̬ȴŬװֵŮԣûһ˿һֻ޾ͬ顣
Żɫ/׵鲼ȹԼ¶һ˫ϸݵýεȣˮŵĽ˺۵ģøֺӡ
ڷ
ҵȷҪһ򵼡
̾öң¶һĨº͵ЦݣλС㣬Ҫһ˫ʺԼЬӺ·ٻصĻҾѡݹ


179 
ö, ȴԼ˫ЬӺ·ֻҪ򵼣
㶵ԭأһʱϻôõ¡
ǰʵˡΪڷԼʱʱҲһöƭ
˵ҪԸЩĻ, öһн֮, ͻˡ
һ, ɵˡ
ĥ˺, ƴ¶ֺõЦݣʹмѵʻضȥ
˻ɨˣȻλʳԡ
ʹ, Щ˻ǻسʱ뿪, ҡҡ׹ƴԵģҲֻһʼ̸õöͭҡ
Ȼ, , ֵֻôǮ
𲻺õĻ, ٴټջʱЩɪ
ǰ, ÿһöڱǰʱ, ǻᱻͷѪҲûܳϡ
ôܻԸ׻Ǯ, ȥ·Ьأ
֪ĵļ尾, ֻԥٳٲ֣Щ졣
һ·, öȻ, ֻһ˫ͨЬӺһ򵥵鲼Ļ, Ǵ´ġ
ĲԸ⣿
, º͵ǲĻԡ
ѹ°仹û˵ڣﾪһе˵Ը⣬ôܲԸأ
߬ңֽµȹߣһҪһ£Ͼͻ
ǾԲһѻûܵô
öҰĸСµҩǮˣ
Ϊƶǵһ£ܵһߴߴĵһ߲˺ңԶľ¡
Сʱ򣬼ʵҲССظԣģУСĸڣĸ׵ĸһֱܺáΪĸһֱֻһӣһֱûǸŮʼն۰
һ󣬾ϵͬȥʼѧϰˡ
ʱֵ£ĸؼңƿʱľϵĸתСߣȰ΢Ц
һöңлл
Ȼǵ˵·µĵûΪСǽüɾ·ˣ
ϸ⣬ֺĵɵó£ѯʣ㻹𣿡
Һܺá
˵³زᣬЦŽӹ·лл
ֻԴӸǴʱ⵽׼ǿŵϮ˴ﶼʧӰ٣ĸΪĹһ󡭡Ҳûд·ˡ
ϴŵĸ׵ľ·ĵġ
΢һЩģʵغһЩ·类ˡ
ûʲôÿ޵ġ
Ӱְʧͷģһƴչ裬ֱȥһ졣
λÿõȣµʱ̫áöԷȵòͷĻ˵ñˡ
ֱӱ·ܵЬ䵭Ьϰҳľ¡۵ĲЬʱҲգؽ·˾·ϡ
ԭȹӷǳ쳣ݣһ·ҲԵùĹҵĺ֡
ɿһУܻԼסĽֵϡ
޳ͦεӰʱ˿¶ĵЦݣ𾴵лĿȥʲôطأ
Ȼ֪ǣԼ㱻λǿĳЩȴʮּƽϵoϡ
ڵȴʱزˣԭʮ¸߰èèƺ˱Ť
ѹһ½ͣüѯʵװèè񰡣ѵʲô𣿡
Ҫ򵼡
ߴoŴ۵۰ȥҶ֪ҲԴȥ
ǵkһܸ
Ǹұֻ֤н졣Щ̿ذk֪װ֪ܣΪ׼ƵģһڵĲָʺϾ³У˽ԸײǵĿҲҪ
λŮԣҪû´Ļһλݺ
ÿһλҡȴûܵõʱס񣬶һҪ޲Ĺ
ˣŲѵĹϵ
ߵüޡ
ҪԸĻèè۾ҳֻˡ
ʧ˽Ķ磬ȴõŵ
oֻ΢˼һᣬͬˡ
챻ŵֻС죬Ļȴһء
ôԱȹ󣬵kͶܵúٵǸŮϵĿ⣬»ָƽ޲ˡ
΢Цͷȴȥһܻӭгɡ
еЩ˼飬ɵСȷ£ָǣסЩ˻ȥг𣿡
º͵ǵġʲôĵط𣿡
Ͻҡҡͷ¶Ϊѵֵطʵ̫ˣһϲģҲ̫ܻҪĻ
ôɾ̸࣬ô߹ŵʿǵһμء
´װϿӦֻЩСǮˡ
ƾֱΪǵݲôͨ
õġݸûжֻͣͷȥһˡˣǣ
ԴӸ뿪ԺǵһαһλСԴ仹λҫ۶Ŀʿ
ͼݡ͡ʡɵøеʮֻ֣̿βŻعصǣǡqж
˵Լʱ˶Ƭ̡
ѾþãþûˡЩ鲻ʱšʱ򻹰ڼӣıӡõʱᱧƯСߡŮˡˣ֡
qж
ǵҹݺһöɤŵظһ֣ȻԴЦ˵֣ǳʺ㡣
лл
ƴգۣۿɨ˵ġᡣ
ֻǣԷԼֵһ·ԼǻиϨ˺ܾõĶȻȷһǻ
ܿʶˣûпʵ
ҪèèסȷЩ಻մȾϡҸ˴󲿷ֵĶҪһΣṳ̂ˮνг
⻹죬ڻûȻ©խ䣬ŵü߳ԣֱһβһµĳŽ
翴ʯשˣȥĴģ㷷ڴʱƲϵĶ⡢Ƥëࡣ
ھһʵĵ棬죬ÿһֻĹŶὦɫˮʰ븯ܵ״̬ӬȫӦǣЩֻµڸ̯λǰѯż۸
˰ٶмĵطҲȫл̻ܿص޷شֻƳǰڷùľϵһۣͿǾǷ˺ü졢ںӱ߼㡣ҲǸ׷׵ģпһЩ򲡱ǽСաĲ
ʹô࿴һ۶ĳ⣬ǶԣѾҪԥݳƷˡ
ײ㣬ǳ䡢Ľ䣬ȻҲΪδ´
ʵصռϡͳƳǷݱĻֻδᡣ
ﻹԼǸū񣬲ԴΪš
ǾЩڻ̯ϵĶһǽϵѿ̦޺޴ڡȴԸ
ȫԵˡ
ҵ
˵ΪʲôһҪԭ򡣡
qжִٲվһߣصشλ˵ɫ
ȫףΪʲôҪȫ۵ĵطҲ̫ţǾȻû¶Ӷɫ
λθߴЩĿ꣬һʼ䵭ޱȣĿǴֻͬ϶
ֻӴһΡ
һΣ̲ס˸
ΪԷжаҲûӴһЩĿﱥ䣬ǡ
ЩǸˡ
˫û¶ȡһƬƽĮȻĽɫͫȴĵظоԼţֻһ
һ²ȵû
˿Ĵڣֻר־ضͬ鿴
ͬ飬ҲλӵƯ΢ַǹ밵ĶԱȣǽȻͬˡ
ǿƯڷϣǴٵЦ⡣
Ƕ۵Ҳһº͡
ǰ

ء
ЩϤ˵һУһòô㣬ܵһƷ
ڣǿλվеǰδе߳ܣС
ԥ£СٽĿŵλƵϡ
֪Ϊʲôܾãλƺɢһ˿˵Ϣ


180 
˽һ, صǱİһͷ鷿һ߷֮ǰ˵ݽı棬һֽʵ¼Ű۲ݡ
ǰ²ֵ, ＴĳںͶڸλƥн, в߱輼ܡͥѵסҪṩԮ, ѧУͬʱǷýѧϰѧԺ
æµ, ֱʱԽԽ, ܼҸ˹ǵ鷿, 쵽޵ʱ䣬ǿ֡
Ҫʵؿ켸졣ϴڴ, èèԼСˣװèè񡣡
èoĶٿתתһص˵ͷ
ڰ˼ǰkȻʲô, ѣ̺ڱ

ƶĳгĺըѺһɶˡ
kһʣҪ𣿡
ȻŸϴ, һҲ뵽ԼСĺèèҲûɵĳŵǺԥص˵ͷ, ΢Ц˵á
ҹ˾ʱݻĸ׸ǼʹһСOO@@
ȴڴſڵǰ, ͱصŰ鵲סˡ
ǵһèèһڸɾĴϳʳµİ, Ǻܿʰ̬, ֵ̹Ȼڡ
èèȡĵ̺ڱʱȴط֣ǾȻȵģر˸պ濾ִƤıġ
û뵽߱±ʵЧ
ȻôԵ̫ŻɢζıƲסЦ
˺ǼªİװҪһڣèèȻͿˡ
k΢Щ룬źԵڴЩţҪ𣿽ҵ
Ķһ٣գգۣЦӯӯŵk𣿡
kص˵ͷȻֻ塣
ʹҲܽһֻ˵ʱ롣
èè룬Ȼܲġ
˵ɣԴӵk򵥽Ĺº󣬾ͶλȻʧǿҵĺġ
λЩԡȻԵkĴһʱŴνﻥĻһֱλûȥ̽
Ψ⡢̽Ļᣬ򶼱˷ѵˡ
Ȼǳңһ󣬻ʱʹ飺ǵɸ׸ǵ¹滮˵ɡ
ûдҵľ飬ҲȱⷽѧʶֻǸִȡ
ʱĻ֪߱ʶӵвȡʱԽԵġҪǣᱣ֤³еĲֻʶΪģǰصĺΰ档
컹ˡ뿪Цҵװ˹ڸ׸ǵ£ܰȥæǵºϣҽڳйһȥιۡ𣿡
ká
Ȼ԰ľܾеЩʧڵõλڲԶĽĳŵèo黹
ҲؿkĶëβͼҲĵˡ
õk󣬰ϸһĺҧȥ
һõˮִౡƤ£ϡ͹̽
ؾ׽ţϸϸƷһ󣬺ܿ쳢ǹסɫĵģȻǼǵʺ
治
ظ̾š
ֻǻԾڽͷ̷ֺ濾ۼҲֻöͭҵıȻôḻķζϡ
һ㣬ֻʳԵĻֵÿ޵ġ
˵ԴӸ˹׵³󣬹λƷͳһӵľɳﰲݵļ䣬ЩڰһԶȥˡһѰĽͷ̷Զյζֻ˵治ϲһǡ
󣬵׸Ǿ廮Ϊסլʩʳ羰󣬾ܰʳ͹蹫Ϣεճ̣ҷǳˡ
ӱֻСİƴС˹سһ󣬾ͻȻʲôЦſֻҧһڡ¶ԥèè񣬺Ȼǽɣűʳǡ
ʱ̷ֲһĵϣΪܸèè񽻻ųԡ
á
Ժе˼תǰk־Ѿݹȥˡ
ȻӹȻ²ƷٽʣµĴűԵˡ
ոջЩoڽ󣬶ǿǰؿ졪ֻԼ߸䵽ϣűһƾʧˡ
𣬵k롣
Եk˵еֵζ
ǴκȵľһܴĲֻҪһ뵽ǰٷָkık;ζرá
Ȼ֪k뷨
ǰת˲ʧıֻһۡ
èĵ
èè˫д޹۾΢΢ЦţСʳĵõЩĬĬ˻ȥ
ͬǺ決ʳڳ̺ľϲըڱζԵʮƽӹ
Ҳȫ⣺ԻԼ۱ȲߵСڱ˶ԣԼƽʱ᲻öõըƤԼƤӡ
ձӪѷı£ٻʳߡԵζʳܹӪֵҲǺҵġ
ܹ⡢ţ⡢Сţ͸⣬Ȼӽûǰܻӭ
ĲɵؿСڱЩʳصۡ
׼´ϴʱ⧲ضèo˫̺Щ΢ʧ۾
ôˣ
һС󣬲ŸֳһЩЦԷǡ浥èèϣԵúĲ²
̽ʣҽų𣿡
oѸٵص˵ͷ
סЦ⣬ǸΪ㲢ϲٽųԣ𣿡
ǵһεõôڡú󡱵ĳŵ΢˼£͸˵ͬˡ
ûϵһ㡣
kȻ˵
ŸڰӦǰkȻشսЩһմڰǵıƤм
Ȼλǵôûƭ˵һԴź˵ûˡ
δҲ̫ɰ˰ɡ
Ժתͷ͵˵Ľ鲻Խ¶Цݡ
˴ϴʱȴڲƳҲ಻ס˸;
ɡ
΢ǺܿϴȻɻèèߡ
ڱ۾ǰۣСèһ֣ش˴Լɵ֣ضĵҲСˣèè񰡣ҪңһռʶҴĲ״
ܲǼʵ˼oȻص˵ͷ
ŷĵرۡ
̺ըڱζȷ
Ƶ롣
ոշ֣Լڳű;µһ㣬ϻ˸2СʱصֵġʳжdebuffĻ


181 
ԋqж, һ˼Ρ
λ߹ֿõ·ЬӣֻΪԷ·, õöΪ꣡
ʵ, Ҫʼöûȥ·ЬӵĻ, öˡȻЩʹ̲סô, һ㶼
Ƕ·ЬӣǡѾܾûأضԴˡ
ڽҵݸʱλ΢΢Цţ˵̲סɵɵصͷӦˡȴûĻ
ЩǮ, ڼﰲĵصϼɡҪ֮ǰĹˣõϢġ
ĺá
õΣҲǻѵġ
öҿܶ, һµҩǮˡ
޼ҿɹĿҹ̲סһ㡣
ûλҸ棬Ͼ¿ʼ˽ӿ͡
Ȼǳϧ·ΧࡢҪÿȥƤ, ŬҲϣλֱĿ˸˺ˡ
ĲϱõĶʱ, ԭһʬľľûзӦϵڵǱˮ̵һ, Ȼ
쵰ɱ㣡
߳ŭĵͺ, ô˻, ˰˺š
ϱӦ˴úۣû֪һ˴
٣סֻ֣һ·Ǹ˵ĳӣ
ŭţ⸱ҪԼƴľɱҪҪˣڲһ󣬾ֵӣϵˡ
û˽ˣһûͭҲû
qжŵؿڻ漱ٵĺҵţطֲһЩ¾ӳµϰߺۡ
۾˾ŵСúܴȴǿնġ
ûϵ
ݵļխֻС۵ľ룬¹ⶼ޷͸ڣӳ۾
ζխľһֱһƬڡ
˯ڸڵûһǲŮǲ̫һĴʱﶼǻ˯ŵġ
һľͷľһ۾ûգһ¡
ֱ۾ɬҲ޷ˣŻֱ̧ۣסƴӼﴫǳǳ۵ġ⡣
㲻ˣ
Ȼ
š
qж˵ͷŬ򶨵ģ¸µķѾˡһҵµĻƵġ
ˡ
Ȼ˵ſ̱ĴǳĶ⣬ѵΪôôݣŮˣЩ۵ĻֻҪһ۶㣬õĻ类ˣֲһ֧Ů˵ĸȥūء
ʵҪԼΪūӿܻڼాҪõöࡣƤŮкܶ࣬ûһǳġ˶Ǯʱȴޱʹ࣬֫ʼӵȫƤҪõ
ȻǰҪԼĸס
ϾɲڴƵʥˣԲԸһֻ̱ڴϣ˵ūġ
ǺȰġ£˵һô꣬ûڳǱסλһĳˡǰһڵĻЩūʵЩסĶ˶öˣһܳٱɵĻûǰ࣬˵Ҫ֮ʵˣʿѵأҪͨĻкüǧҪһɳˡ
ӴūǧȻ࡭ЩֿɵãΪƽݺṩױļջȴǰδеģԻūǰ̡
·ʱۿˣٱĵطˣҲﲻ
qжĬ˺ܾãǿջЦ֪лл飬
ݣģҲ
뿪صĸףҲԸŲ
һҵ·أ
̾˿Ȱ˵ˡ
qжһò׻ڿպһʱ䡢ȴûһöͭҵջ󣬽
ǣ˺·Ǹɺ޵ˣȻ
Լ뵽һٺ̰ͼƯ߳ŭ񶾵䣬Ȼ뿪ˡ
qж
ƽԼʱڷﴫĸĺ
裡
۾΢Ȼվ˽խĸڷ
ôˣҵċqж
˥˼ĸ˵ᣬȴܻϿ׵İ⡣
衭
ûѵѵĸױԹʲôֻͯʱݵ÷·ֻʣĸϣҺܺá
૵
ڸḧͷʱܱŰش˷صĽŲ
qж
Źȣ·ǳѾԼʹƶߵĳҲٻᵽȥ
ڵõϢ뵽סԼСŮϹ֪ͨˡ
ԲȸԾˣȥ㳡ϿǱĴǹ˺öʲôУϽȥԣ
qжշ첹õ·䣬СųĹά˹ؽֳ˱ʱ߼ȫˡ
Ƶƶסǣĳ̶ȼֱһޣءǹһֿ
ҲڱǣͶųĿ⡣
˭ںأ
ִ֪ٶȿҲܵõqжƴܡ
һƵѡǿ϶絽Ǹܵõ¼ã
ǿ־£˫ݳȼ˲ӰٱҪߴ˶һ˦ˡ
׸ǵĹ㳡ܴ󣬵ǻضūԤʿѡʱ˵ļһɽ˺ԱκһĴжҪ֡
һС˳ǰߡ
ɣǼĴ̺͹⣬ӿˡ
㳡һ޴ԲһŸʾͰȦÿ˸ʾľ߰˸˵ľ롣
ÿŸʾԱ߶˺ܶˡҪūпͷͬ񶼻ٵȥѧУϵһЩ֣йʾϵݣҲ
qжĸŮߵģܱȵùˡֻɱ֣ԼһԵǰ漷
ò׼ǰţŸʾϵֺٿȻȥ
ʾνҪ
Ҫʮʯ³ͣöҡԤĸ£ȡ
öң񰡣
qж۾Ҫʵ÷ˡ
񰡣ϣԼʯĻư
ǋqжڿŵĳͺ󣬶ǵһȻǼĽְգģôͲʯأ
˴̾š
ǿöҰһʯûûҹظµˣ
ڋqжоԼϣʱܿȺʹ˵٣ǰĿ˾Ϳ˳ÿŸʾϵݶͬ·
⻰ȺһƬȻԭˮһ˳ٴοʼ˿ٵ
qжǱǰߣ·һʾƣļľġġʿӵġġʦġʦġʦģ
ֱ˵ʦֻƭӣְҵ֪Ϊʲôλ˾Ȼʮöһµۣ
Ҫʦ̫֣ûȫȻ˽ɻأͳǸߵ˷ı꣬˶ȥˡ
ľǰʱqжҵ΢һĵļϢ
³Ǿöң
ҪʽĻ³һöҺöңֻСʱĸѧϰһʱ䣬ûȥ
еڶľϵ֯ԼһľдԱʵҲЩȤ
ҪлĻȥԵġ
ȴû͹Ƹ̵ǵͷԽ侲˶ڵһʱ価ܵض౨ȻԼܲ˳ѡ
ȴҲ̲ס룺ͻȻһؽ𣬹ôཱིˡλʲô


182 
ֻǶ̶һܵʱ, Ǳ˾´ôֱ׸ǶԱˡ
Щļϱı꣬ʵǸߵó˵, ̫ˣ
һЩ㹤ǮıĽ, εȻϲġ
ЩӪһԼ̵ĹҲĶޱȡҪ̫ʵʣеĲ˼ֱʱϼµ, ȥһǳ׵Ĳˡ
Щ輼͵Ļ, ȻҲҪ࣬ȴһ㲻ǵ飬ת˲ͷܶˡ
qжӦĳֳ֯ԱǺܵ͵Ļ˶, ˳Ķ顣
ȥʱѾ䵽βʹ, ǽԼֱȥ, ˺ܾá
ʹ¥, ǼǱԱλ£Ҳû¶ı顣
Ƴ˽ŵԼ·һۣ͹¹ѯ, סַЩϢ
qж17, סڡ
ԥ, СرԼʵסַ
ʵ¼, ѯʣйƹľ𣿡
Сʱѧϰ꣬ĵ·һ𻺻, ԽԽСǷȡһŬ, ʲôҶԸȥ, Ըȥѧ
㲻ø˵ЩƽҲǸɸѡ, ֻǼǡҸΪҲ̫ţλĹµ˼ҪǿʵǴοԣַˣǰṩ׵ѵ
֮ţΪСȵشƸиҵ䡢¢ϵľ档
Ȼر˽Ҵĺա˴˺üķ룬ѵ̶ַȵȥھ˲ŵǱ
򣬾ҪӦѧһӵм깤Щλһס
Ҳԣ

Լжȡֵ£qжЩš
Ѿ˺һ㶣󻹵ŵѾҪͷˣܿѡҸ棺ǣлл
ֻش˼ɱ񱻺ƶɰһܿ챻ȺƼˡ
һĬĬߵ֯ıţһߵͷֻСľƣ
һСı߽ľϣһöͭҶֵоƮƮģϻЩë̸С
ľȴźصķ
Ϊŵġ
֡
ɸһΪȡģȴѡԵôֻ꣬±õ֡
˱ۣԺֵ︡ȴСʱȥʱ̧׸ߴϵ񣬶λӵƯַЦݵĿݡ
ĴǲСһ͸ҵĺ˰ɡ
ǲ˼鰡
İϤ֣ѪҺ·εʡ
ǶһʱǲдԼ֣㳡ǿǰ֣ƽʱĽֵԵЩˡ
ҹĻʵĽֵһյյ˵ȼܡ
ʱһ΢ֵӰԳϵڿĹά˹ؽϱţܿᳵ·һסլǰ
վֱ壬һ󣬲ߵš
ܿ죬ͳˣڽ·ƵĹ⿴λĿ˵һ£Ȼ˳񰡣ȻƤ˹
֮ԼǵöԷΪԷլۡԭˡƤ˹ҪЩǨɳǣԿƻ𼱻ǵٶȽԼڹά˹еȴСסլˣ۸൱
ҡƤ˹ЦеժñѯʵȻЩʧ񣬵һ䣬ˣװѰ˹𣿡
ʵ
ʶػشţܿоףεҪĻȺȥʾˡ
Ƥ˹ûĿҪá
԰Ըȫû˴ŵ£ʵһһ¡
Ƥ˹Ǽѵסˡ˴ߡĻ

ô˵ţطĲԹܣͭľˮϴϴ̵֣
ޣװİһȣĵصȴŵƤ˹ܿͲ׽¥ĶվҾ֪㻹㸸ǰЩȤСˣԭϵζҸմɸϹûüϴء
Ƥ˹ܾòл
΢΢üʶض£û㿪Ǹźζӵ
ôˣȻƤ˹ĳϾԷ׵ѣǺܲӦܽӴ
ڶݵĺѺܿ͵ֱطʣźҲʮԸṩܼİһ·ˡϢǰһ⡣⴦𣿡
ԭ⣬ΪʲôƤ˹ڸոϵ׸ǵͼҴҵ
Ȼǡǳϧӣȷ㣬Ҿˡ
ðǣƤ˹ȴ˷񶨵Ĵ𰸡
һɻ󣺡ǣ
λƽٲãЩһеĴЦеؿһֻĸղµһҵİ㵽жûϹˣҪ֪˶ˣĽϿǷǳ֡
ΪŷèèͽԼλʵӵƤ˹׸ǹʵεһ̣ͱ㳡ϵ龰ˡ
Ū淢ʲôſȸʦļ˰۾ٿȻһ
»֪ЩʦǳƢƧŹ֣ҾȽʵȻʵļҵǸ޷֧ڲЩ۸߰Ĳߵģһλ͵ʦżᶨӵͬõͬһķ⣬ûЩԵʮֶ罻
ǿĸʾһ¹ȥû˻ȥӦءǸͲ֪ɡ
Ƥ˹ʱǶ죬ͻɡ
Ϊʲô
ֱ׵ʵôҪЩأ
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ʵΪԼˣҲūǹ壬õԶԼıꡣ
Ĭˡ
ȻƣҲ˵ȵġèèٹ⡯ΪһʱѪһЩСʵȡЩȤĽ
칤գȻʦй
һλϸʦһǾҰģǿҵĺĵġƩ簬
ԿƾЩ׬ǮȤȴŪʦ䵱һĽɫͨԭﵽôŨҵĳ̶ȵġ
ңܽʦ÷ӵ̶ֳȣλ±пҲһλǳʦ
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֧ôݳ޵İãʵѾв˸еͷ׾ݣȻع̳мҵķζ·;ˡ
Ҫ˳õôһʱ֧꣬Сʮоѡ
۾ģԲλ˵Ҫ󣬴ﵽĻԸҡèèٹ⡯ԭ𣿡
һڼƢƤ˹̣ûסʳָڰͷһ£ٵôˣҪҲֲӽλ߹ĴˣȥʲôҪ󣡡
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ǿҵļĳͷԣƤ˹¶ˣֲѡ񡪡㲻ͬ⣬ҰҲҪȥõʧĻԺҪĸȥˣҲ϶ҪȺݺݵһٵģ


183 
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֮ԳԾ, ΪʦżܸߡǮȺܴ󣬵ǰ׶μ⿿ְҵھﶼǼءֺġ
ǱҲ, ȴмڸı㣬һֻںͬннżҲΪ϶֡
Ϊ˶, ڰ¶Ѱҹʦ
ʹŵ˼߳͵£Ҳֻҵ3λǻΪⳡƽٺһ±ʵ豨άϵ¡
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Ȼ˼Ӧ, תֵˣҽ, ڿҽҩʦҲ
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Щҽ֮䣬ҲǴһҵıģӵʵڿҽߵĶˣûɴѧѧҵͨḻľ顱ͼ̵ֲѧϰϹ̣һжϵͨڿҽνҩԼڷҩҩҩʦձ飬Ҳλ׶˵ģƽʱҪΪΪʱṩѪӹǺͷϴڵۻʦţҽˡ
ǣһСڿҽ߽主ûʵңȴǸһЩġȻЩƽʱ֮Աǵͷʱ齫öôӡ
񰡣λ߹ĵ£ôὫЩµͷ
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Щ˸ǹһңοˣ
ϾǰľٶĲҲֳ
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֮⣬ǻĵȣֻҪԳǱǵʱʲôһʱǱϡ
ϾǹƬϵһȨȨһЩٹ̡ӵоǰ޷ҡͳΡ
˸˼صȴš
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λĳƺŰϾ˵°
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侲⵽ָϵȴǼ䵭ɤ͸һںȻ£ҪôһڵĻ͸δǰĵǰԿ˵
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õ֮еĴ𰸺󣬰ͷ֮ǰõ߼ͬ𣿡
ȻλƯڷʹΪʲôҪ˽ôѪȲ̡ϸڣʮڻشģǵġһλûܰѪƷͷ๤֧һöҵοʽͬҽɷߵ󡣶ԭȵļƻУҪеоҲὫƵذͨĹ
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ûɫˣʵΪʲôڷѪƷ𣿡
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ոջˣȴԵùǫ飬Сˡ
ڵңźֻ߱Ƭ˽⡭ҪϵоûгĻǸصøϸѪȴҪļöĹܵϣŵѪֹ


184 
˽ԸʦǶ֪, ʵѾܵرֵίˡ
ʵǲó˴򽻵ϾСҾԣΪΨһԼ̳ˣڼпνǱܳ谮, Ҫȥֺñˡ
ŻðʾĺۼԵ׾Ӷԡ
û취ȻȱٽоʽȴޱȿȨ֧֡
ǷɻĽΪ, ӻʬ嵽оٵʬֲ̣ȫ˶ĿŵоһֱͣͲǰ
ǽʶ, ֻܸṩһĲοֵ޷ֱ
һֱΪ͸Խ
, ҲȫٽһμֵĹط, ļ䣬㹻ˡ
˱淢һκ, ͳּȡ˽ѵкʵʱǰ, ʱȥΣյĵߡ
ڡ֪Ϊʲô, оԼ·𿴵һ⡣
Ǽеĵôߣ˹΢΢ü, ɫ׾Ųá
֮Իڡ𡯽׶ΣδֱӡΪؿС´ĵ, Լʶơ
ʲ豭ʣһ밵Ĳˮ, ΢ɲѩϡ
޳ʳָĵذ빴סµı, ϸĴָָڹ⻬ϲ, ư㻺Ħš
Ǹ˶֪Сϰ߶
˹ȴ, ζС²鲻ҶԶԷĻĸȤ
ϸĵµĹܼѾٿԼ㣬Ȼǲö֪ġ
Ļһ˵ĶУŶʧֱ׾̽Ǻ޳̰ܵ
ⲻһĳСضоĸ߼ѧߣΪ߾޶ţò̤ʵңȨίѰԮ
Էû뵽ʽϵ֧ԮȻ׼ԼͽǮо
ղŸǼ𰸲ĻôһЦˡ
Ǳ˷Ц֮ԱǵĻȴӵֻǷǳǳִҽѧ֪ʶ۾һҪֶ֧ԷоĴ㡣
ٻô˵ջĵһϲ
ѾûеӦ䵭ףڶԷʧĿп˹Կʼˡ
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ֻһ򵥵ƣ֮ǰһߵǱǰÿǰֽ
һӡ⣬ʣǿհ׵ģṩëʺīˮдߡ
ԣͬ¼ǰҪĽһˣҲˡ
⵹˵֮СܲλǷӵȥֳΰɡ
ڴѧ޵ڿҽǣǶԱֲԷİ
ŵʣдԼǰԽе΢΢һЦ
ֻЩѧĴͷԼЩ֪ΪʲôᱻٽǱŹֵʦͷ۰ɡ
ҪõԸҪչʾƥ
ԽԾɷǰʱλŭǰվžľսĹܼңȻѹúܵ͵˵ôһ䡣
ʶ̧ͷȥ
λóԭ峺͸۾ɫɢյġ
׽ߺȴ΢΢ͷǳǳЦЦ
֡ŵġ
Ҳǲáĵġ
΢΢ۣоԼҡ·˲ˡ
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˵ԶȲ̽Ǵ۸ӵ幹죬ԡ
˼ţֱ˹䵭ѣԿʼˡӵеĴʱ䣬͵ǰ
ܼҵĻ䣬дġɳɳ
ϸ΢ܵ죬ϳʳɣҶ
ǰ
Ϊ͹ȻҪ࿼¶档

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ǵһγ䵱ƽɫģԹǻǱɣǿ˼ڤĲ̬ͬЩȤġ
Ǽˮ㣬Ķԡҽѧⷽһϲͨ⣬ԾϵĴ󲿷Ŀѡ
򵥵ĵһ⡰ȷϲǷ񻹻ţ
ھḻڿҽԣֱԷˮһ򵥡
Ǻԥ˳ϸ΢ݸ߶ƵĴ𰸣ڲؿϷһˮٽй۲졣
гﳣļԴ
ȻҲѲͼָƵǡ
¸صһλ˼ؿʼܱʼ飺ˮƿеŸߵٺϵ㣬ʳһ𣬵ΧĶԸܡľľߡ
ˮǿƴԣľǿƸ࣬ٵĻϵǽصġ
ͨѧҩѧĽǣЩ֪ʶð˹֮ķʽƲγɹĿԣشЩ򵥵ĿȻڻ¡
߱ЩԨѧʶڿҽҽĴҪˡ
еѧУʱǰӣʾ֭ػŵʱѧݣҴ⡣
еƻʱľ飬д֪̫ܡȴ΢ȷĴ𰸡
мӵмḻξ飬ˮƽԶͬеĸ߳ˡҽġҵҽڽ˼󣬰Լ֪ʶشš
¼ԭ򡭡˵ĻӦɰɵ˿ڣʳû˲Ķʬ壬Լͷ̫ˮԴ
дЩ󣬶س£ֲ˼䣺֪ħĳͷ˵˫޷ĵطøɾĴ÷ͣ÷ʳѸٸܷĴڡ
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Ҳ̫Ȥˣ
зṩо˼·
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ŶŶǻȤݣ
űԾгνǧٹ֣̫෽ݡǰ滹гڿҽ󣬺涼üͷþ޷ˡ
ˣǣûһꡣ
ѧʶԨڿҽǾͨŹ֪ʶʦдƬףοǴεҽˡ
ڽֽǵı鼸ģֲ˷ܻǲ
ǻ飬ӵĶǼɵġ
ڱ쵽ǱǺĲܳ˷ʢζһͺ󣬽ŵ񾭵õ滺ˣͻű¼õϣȥˡ
ԷŴЩΡ
Լǡվھ˵ļϡ֪֮ȻΪʱĳǰԶ֪࣬Ʋ޴֪ǰˡ
ֻǶЩдġȻڿҽĴеϧ
޿ɾҩ
Ȼǡ
ֻЩŬѧϰеģǽȻͬѧʶϵ
Ƕϸһ֪ѧŲɡ㵹ǳƲϴ
ܴ󻷾ľ޺һİǶķʽ̽ͷϽȥ
̾˿
ҲζţԽѧʶԨڿҽĿԽ౳ۡ
ȫķϣεĴ֣˵ȲƻѧҵʦҽȲϡ
ȻǵŲɣʹָΪòȷҽΡɥǰһ̶ǡľǡĳͷĿˡ
䵱򵼣ƴԼ壬Ϊ׬ҩǮάزڴĸ׵Ů
Ŭֹ۵Ľʱֻ
Լʱ䡢Ǯǽδҩˮֵʲô
ΪǾҩˮ
һˮƽȵֻסƶߣΪεҽͨһ
ǱڿҽǸ׸ﶥˮƽĴˡдµĹư׽ʯҩȻпյеʺɺͷͼ塣
ԼٵÿһУѻҩˮʲôǡ
еʹ࣬Ҳеϧ
ʱ˵۹ڿҽʵʵĸ߼֪ʶӣӵе츳һܱġ
ôĴ֪ʶԴΪǣ͸ܻԸⱳԼơʶԸϥȡµ֪ʶ
ֵͬ飬ܼΡ
ʳָ棬š
ϧȻ㹻ЩȨȴȱҽѧصľ֪ʶԶԶ̻ˡ
٣㹻۹ѡ߱ʵˣṩ֧Ԯǳ䵱㡱
ǸеǡĴ𰸣ȴȷķ
һѡáĴһԼ˼ɢ
ؽеḶ́ĻʵѾ
鷳ع滮֣ӹʩоͰ˽͵ĹҽԺһзÿԴ˰ɸѡı׼ʵҲֻһҽӵβ˵
ʵѾ˺ܾˣʱˡ
ֻһûʱ䣬û˲ź㹻ĻԴ
ȴͨ׸ʵ֡
ҪȷеĹֻǿȨΥʩӳͷʵҲ
һһµͳ½߼㣬кܿͻԭα¶˵⻹Υˡ
һݵķʵǽ̻ǡΪʲôǼ򵥴ֱ˵ԡ


185 
Ҫһﱸô¸иҵĹ, ǽмЧĿˣٶɸѡĺѡкķ䡭ȻһӴ񣬾һġ
Ҳż
ļƻ, ׸ǵؽٿҲҪʱ, ҪʱԲ͵ϵĹȻƽūһŭͱɵʱ£˵ô, ȻҪصල
, Ҫ嵥г, Ҫһ䵽ͼֽϵġʦȴֻаһ
ܵ˹ٻͻٴɸȴ¹滮׸ڽ衱Ŀֲʱоǰһڣ赹ڵء
ϧĺڵ˲ûӱ̫, èèֱˡ
ؾһʹǱѡؽԼ
Ҳ˹Ļйء
ǵ, ˵Ŀǰû֪»ؽЩݬĻʦԼӳΨһһѧأڣƸǣġĿϧһֻ־ѧϵ, ʤĹЩ˵϶ó
, ٴڹ¾սľˡ
Ϊ˲һ̼İ, ʱ˳Ĭ, ŴӲ߸塢Ͱ׵ļ׷
, رǸϲԼƷëáͷҲԸǿĳɹԵߡ
ɥĲèèʩѰرһܶʮСʱת, ͼֽҲܺܿɡ
ֻɶԷһ˼, һ߰ػĳ̶ȡˡ
㳡ֵĻ, ׼ĩٿⵢ󼴽ļ

ڣһ߸뽹ǵİ̽ŹóĽϸڣһ߷Ŵ⡣
ЩСܿͱ˹׽ڶԴһ֪İرصλʱսѯʵ£ҪЩʲô𣿡
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𴲺󲻾ãһֱ㰢ңңŵĴԡ
Ϊĵ·νĵھгǣƣȴϲǰڰ¶ĳǱʱе˵Ĵ
ڵλһϳƵǵ񡢱Ϊϲһǣÿó״˰նԶزļֵĸ׸Ƕԣʵ̫ˡ
˹һ١
СָҲѸʶ˷
Լʵǡ̫ʧְˣ
ΪС´ܵӺεĲ£ȴûܼʱ쵽һ㣬Сз֡תͷ
뵽㣬ܼ¶һ̵߲ѣԭ΢ɵļһĹһˣȻ䣺ʵڱǸ𾴵ĵ£Ҿ©һ㡪
˹
ȻתΪĿʱͷӦˡ
һߺԼղ˵ίһЩЦõס˸˹߬ȭ֣һֻҳϽýӥУÿʱÿ̶ҪѲ֣ôܻһֻ֩أʵϣѸݵˣ㹻ЩСˣѵҪù𣿵ңȻΪֵܼҾЧҵˣȴΪ̾Ϣء
ᰲ۵ϹܼȴԲλˡ
ıһӲֱߣβ߻صҪ˵Ļ
ԸҪװĸ˹
΢΢һЦΪ˹ƽҪҲҪأ𣿡
˹
һֱĹɼȴܹϿĹܼƺǲϷŹԼµġٽ˸еܵĹܼ޷ҿԼҲ޷ԼӶҰɣҵĸ˹
ĹСλӥȮƾ˵Ĺܼʱ
ټȫԼİо⣬ֻЩԻˡ
λԶصȻῡĽ𷢹塰𡱣ʱɫ˿ǶĹ⾰޶ãĿ𽥱ƲȴŶĳ̬ǿװʿŵǣλ͡Ҳ֣̿ĵùԼ
ΰèè񰡡
Ŭߣ۽⻹ƳλѪĹܼ΢ۿԼʱŵһ亹
ʵ̫ˡ
ܼȷСǾΥʽҲܿ͸жֲԼġ
Ϊ׸ΰٵŵ̫Ҫ˹㽫顰ɱ׸ǵĿҪ񽻸˳ȡ
ȱУο͸ɾʮ㣬һҪھñطСǰ֤ԼʵԱʾԼûйСµĺ񰮣͵һСʿˡ
ֻ˶̶̼ʱ䣬ʹȷеϢ㱨εжĽ
гʱûажʲôֽţ̷Ǳ뿪гǡǰ׸ġȹõĳ֮Իʧ·ϡΪǿš
ǿţ
£ʧЦҾȻЩǡˡ
ò˵Ǹ֮еĴ𰸡
֮ǰû뵽㣬Ϊ޹νӸ׸ꡢ¶еĵ·ʱ;˹һٶʿѲ߸ڣÿ·̵·Σͻһ
ʿɵ·˵ĳиһ룬ڵһǶڽֻġ
֮ԾΪԹǿŵĿΪԱҲΪԼȡ˽ɵ˰ʱ΢İһЩ˳νһٶá
ִЩС춼ԱѵǮء
룬ȻԼ˸߶˰ܲʲô˸ɡ
ÿ챥ʿӳϸѵѻ߶ľ׮⣬һֱûҵչֵĻѪǣһ໴̡
͵ѲƵûа׷ѡ
Ѳ߸ڽúǾ·üùǿš
Щ׼ǿҪϴĿ꣬ͱѲӵײϡ
Ϊʲôʿε
ͷԺи֣һ̾Ѿ־߰ʿǴͷѪɢˡ
²ȥǿͳͳʮ̤ʯȦһӳȥ˵Ҫôܿ䵽бҪôʱǿţġֲ˳ȥ
µУԶ̵ŵٶȳΪǿجΣҲΪġ֮ǡ
ԳֿǵˮάıԵķʽ޹·󣬺ķ·ϵʱΪ̶̣ӵĳ棬ҲɸƽˣؽƷ·;µ
˴Ѳ߱ȷ˸ͨ·ϵİȫζһĺ
ڴûƷʵİȫϵǵ֮ʹʹôƽ⣬ôģ
Ҫ֪ȥҪõһ㰲ȫеĻҪôԼʹǮӶͣҪôǵ̶ӻͺһ
ǰһʴÿֲĿпһ벻һٶӶʵҲֻܵСǿŵĽ
һͷȺ˶ڣȷиסٵܵˣǶϰ˵ǿŶԣǶ
ͷܵעҪġ
ͬ˺ҧ
ʱЩƻĶֻרĹˮʺһֻ
ЩҴ˺ͬһ᲻ùӶСˣȫֻҧҧðȥԼˣqжĸ׾һԱһŮپ䵽ʬ޴桢ŮĲҾ
ڵǣȴֻһʲнн׶϶Ҫɵ˰ܻôı
лèè񣡸лʹˣ
УڷðľƶСɾ£޳ϸġ
һ˫è·̵ëβʹ
⻬ľ棬·ɢĹΡ
ԴǴ󣬾ͳ׳èèĿͽʹĳߣҰֻȫм䴩ζ˲ˡϵԼèèš
ȷʵе㡣
ԭΪ⿿⣬ءһΰèèʹ˱ӣǷ·һҹ䶼˶飬ҲԽԽˣ
ûעʱԭ޹ľ۾ͻȻ
ͷ·


186 
ʵ·ܴǱ, Ҫǽ׸ͨгǵ·޺ãǺԼ۱ߵġ
λħȴ⽫¸ˡ
ԭҲܼ򵥡
ֻһ׵Ĺ³, 볯չľ״ͬ, ڿӵ, ԽΪһСĴˡ
, ǽض϶óףҲֵη塣
ũи׸, ֳɣóа¶ơ
ķλֻйʸ, ˮĻ, ֻҪõǱнײϲӲͨ
ȫг¶ľҲȫͨɵ·һ·, ·ȻЩһȵ·
Ҫǲ̫׷ݻĻ, мľʵѾִﵽԸƽ״̬ˡ
Ȼ˸ѡгѡ˱ӻɲĶӣҶ͸׸ǵ̬ȣһͬʵ£û˽˵µĵز
ң, ս, ƻҪִС
ûͬκ˵Сλڰ¶ߵĿ, ʵѾĵص֮ˡ
ȫϵڿϵĳ, ӱϼֱ״ֲ˴˼е·
ҪǱ˴˼а¶һΪ򵥷Ĳ㣬ǵĵλʵҪ϶١
ҲνŰ¶ſĸߴɽͨͨ͡еĵ·ҹִܵĲС
˾סˣԥѡǰȥҪİ¶ʡ
˵·ĻһȽ¶ͨе·һ¡
ʩø̶ֹͤʼ⣬׼Ȩعϵʽ;ơվ/峵ޡķ
ܽһٽм˿ͨڰȫһϡҳгɱ͵£Ը뿪ԼĳУĸؼΡ
Ƕߡ
ϽµеȻ˵ͱͬһսˣڻԱ˴˼ľպϵֻԽԽС
ܽΪ˳ش㣬䵽еԭ¶ǹûģܸ˵ṩԸӦеİȫ׼պһӸ׸е·һӴ˿ͨ
Ϊ¹滮׸Ƕڽھٰⳡйڴ౨񡢹ܳһβʱĹᣬľĻԡⳡǵĻٵҲӶеĹС
Ǵ˸ó˵ͷĲķ棬ˮƽҲǵˮƽߣԸ⹺˴ȥĸֻ
θ׸ǼٰļУ׼չʾľòƭţջ˵ĵ
ɲҵҵذô꣬µĲƸӴһðе̾¾ܳóˡ
ĿϵǮ㹻ӻһ۶ߡ㹻󵨵һЩ
׼Ͷǵ˰յ㣬ǽ˰ֵƷ۸񣬼ȴٽǵĳҲ˾ǵѡ
ӱϿǵֵû࣬ЩȽСڻֻ󼱳̼ҵġ
˵һɱ5ҵĲϣΪٻ3-4öҵĽ˰ټ1-2öҵپҪ10öҵĸ߼ۡ
˰㽵1Ҫǽ˰ۼȥĻǾͿ7ҵļ۸򵽲ˡ
ڸ׸Ϊϳ10ҵǱңֻ100ҪֻҪ7ҵĻǱҵĿɾǷĶˡ
Ȼֻһ򵥵ӡۼ۸ӵ˰ͱȽϵͣȻֻ˽͡
˶ԣյǮû࣬۵ͶǸԸ⹺ǵĻ
ЩԭҪвĻ˵һۿգ·ѵĳɱ˻ķաɾʹżˡ
˰ԣѵͿ
Ȼû˾йͳƻԤ㡪Ҳҳ˲ţУʵǲġ
ֻҪЩϵճͻ᲻ɱǣʵģ޼۵ĿڱδôΪصˣܿ
οı⣬Ҫǵͬʱ˳ǿԼ
Ҫһʽƽϵ⣬ɺͲж޼ɵեЩԹĿڵÿһѪġ
Σṩġȫ·֮ô߱þͬСĶԱȡ
ǶڳŰǿŵĲŲʡݣǳЩθڡ
ͨ·ϱԽԽգʧ޵ĵ·ҲԽԽ᫡
ҪָЩ̰ͼܣѰⷲĮĵĹү·Ǽֱǳ˵Ρ
һŸԵð³мƽȿɾ࣬ƵѲӵĵ·ܿɹ
ڣг׸ǵĴСˣǿأǵɱ˲һߡ
г⣬ҲԹֻۣеù˻ʬ޴ġС¡
μߴĸʿһ˿صϥţ΢ıһűң£Ը𣿡
С
˻ȵѯʣ˹Ը־΢£к͸׸֮䣬ˣܸ׸ǻӭĿˡ
΢䡣
ȻֵӵĿˣΪ˵ǣȻҪΪṩ
΢΢̧ۣɫͫӳǵӲӵӰ
΢ĽɫǾ°գѩ׵½ϣǺĶڰѩһƻԹ⡣
ЦӯӯؿŽý͡ȴʵعԼǰԼĸʿ˵ȣ
ڳɣԼδŵĽڡ
Ժȴʼնûйɵȣؿڱ˫տɫƯ۾ɨ΢΢һϣ´ͷĻȷˣ¡
ðǿ˵ˣǵĵˡ
ݸ
һ㱡ĲϣȻؽִڸʿҼϣ˵ʥʹ͸ϵͽ䲻ʧϵ´ͣӢ¹ҵػߡʿŸʿ
ǱֵֻķԤϵȻ˲ػصǣ¡
㣬Ȩޡʹ壬ƬҪв£ܵһ׿ᵽʹһݴʱЩ߳ܣǺܺõסˣһճڱ֤ȫ£콫ڱߵĵ·ɧźֺ׸ǵĿǵĶɨҽܾĿǴ𣿡
ȱ˱ۡ
ʿһأʿŵǶЩȸ£ӵ¿оΥ쵽ʱȻ̲סé®ʿӰĳȡ
ǡ
ߴ׳ڳ˵ĸʿĸԸڴĲȦް̬˳ӡ
Ȼ֣Сס˰ԼϵֺϸסƷֱϣӡϵһǡ
е˳ȥ˺ҧǸǰߵͳͬģһµĺ
Ǳͻǵһ㶣⻰󣬲ɵЦЦ
ҪڣڶԷǿϵ֣ͱһԺȻһָֻסˡ
ɡ
ڳ˲Ŵ㵺ͲעУƽʱ˶԰⡢ĬԵǺ޴ڸеĽ꣬Ȼ߽ǰˡ
Ӣͦ䵭ûһ˿ı飬˫ƽճγĽʱȴɲС
񽫴͸㡣
䵭ȴĪ޷ֿǿϣȥɡ


187 
Ѿ˺ܾ, ʱҲ̲ȥĲƸ֮񣬵ȷ˵k׿ŵһС
񽫴͸㡱仰Ļ䣬ڳֻаؿʵʵڵ㶵ϵ, һŵĽ
۳ġף峿ʵĳ, մϺ, ٿȻɢˡ
˿֪Լ汻ǿĲƸ֮ף, ֻϺȻһᣬ񱻹ע޾㣬֫ٺٿȻȵ
͵ûĹѪסȫ
δСȶΪǹĴڡ
ʱȻûüȥ̽ѰͻȻȴǲ˼ԴȪֻ΢΢üʶصͷ
˿ɵƽ, ζŶԷԼĽһ¡, ΢һЩ
ԡ
Ȼô
ȵԺһܱɴ͸ӡ
ǵġ
ûػʱ龰ʱȫע˰µɫҲܳƵˡ
ԥ, ֪Ϊʲôܵػر˼̽¡
ҲԸΰèè, ¡
ݵĳĬٴθ, 
ԭŷo, ȻͰϵèè
ڵ֪ȫ̷СתλǰδŹĲƸ֮, ͺԥѡ׷Է, ı
ߴӢĽͬޱ, ԭĮĽͫת, ŵزڴƿĴèһֻ
ηת, ĮȻá
k޷ҲҪԼ
ššü
Ǹͽ
뵽˹ذʾģпǱµ˽ӡ˵ûбðĸо
ң˭óСĺӽ
С£Ҳֵ쳣ά
Ȼ֪oؿڸղһֱӿŵŨҴ⣬ʵѾƽˡ
ʱ˵ǾԿĻҲʵĻظ
k룬ԼİСͽҳϣҲܹİţʿ
յĽӲֹȻòõèè
ۿèè͸˶Էԭ΢񾭣Ҳһ·ˡ
ûèè᲻صסԼ֣ڹ۲һС󣬾ѡΪʵʱ롰սЦ˵һоͽˣȡ
ҪС£Χǵ㽣˲ɢʿ沿Ӳ̰ͦҲһЩ
һͷĹ¶󾱵ԹӦһ𾴵ĵ¡
պյĹʿһСȥԸǿšڸڴӵݳɣһ㶼е˼
Ƶһеʱ׼ǿҲûй˿飬Ҫʱء
ҪСèèı͡èèָ˳תս֡͸˹ǣ¶ɥȺϮɵĶͽˡ
еسʿǿսþþɳѵʿǶʱ޷ǿƲãܳסЩˣһ
ЩͽǷ񱳸űҵĹȥѡ񿿽޹Ϊһ𣬰;ὫԼ˷ˡ
οõĲ⣬Ϊ˾ܵӺԼбֵʱ䣬ǿŶѡɱڡ
ÿ궼֪жС̶һȥأӴšҲմĿ
Ϳ־ǣũѪˮε̬ȡ
ڰ˺θڶ޵ˮΣǸһֶԵĲ
֮ҰϿ󣬾ذռԴԼ/ļֵô󣬺ء
޳ܡĴڡ
ԲȺǡͨĿʿȥȻסߵèè˵ιĲֻĶ⣬øͬ顣ֻǻûչ㹻вǰĹģǰʡʱʡ
ġ𽵹󡱺͡¡һҲǸ²ؼ̬޲ɼСΪϧ׾ҲΪݺķ˻еΣʱĻӵǰ˰պͷ
Ȼô˰Ľװȫ͹ƽԱϵİɡ

˵Ŀƣ˴ȶʩһ𡢾һֱĬĬţûзֿϡ
Ž򱡴˼ԼèèЩ̿
һ̣ȴʹ׼ȥϴԡˣװèè񰡣㻹ſҪһ𣿡
o΢Ѹٻصá
ţҡ
һ١
գգۣе㲻ԼĶ䣬kǸղ˵ʲô
һȥϴ衣
oҼֱ׳ǿǰ׿ġ
Ȼܲӣk룬ЩҲֵġ
ԡʥྻĵطͽϡϸɾʱҲʺʶ١Դ͸ʱ
ҪڶԷޱȴԡʱȻԻûڶԷǰһǻջһŻźϲġ
ΪͽôƭĴڡ
ʱ˵
ŵξèoҲûһСͽΪԼ׽¶ϲı顱
ֻҪܸһ𣬽ůİСݵʪĽ𷢡
kһ¾״̬ʱĿҲ
ϲģǵk
Ƹ֮͵͵ػ龰ʵͽš
Ĳˡ
ضɫ̩Ȼèè񣬹˺һزԼЩȻɫͷɡ
⻰һӢoϵû̫ı仯
kԭ΢ŵĴβͣȴһ¾ͳϸ߸ˡ
ֱġèè̽
ȷ˶Է黹ôֱӺòº󣬰һӣһθԷԡʱľִ٣Ҳͱϴøˡ
ҡ
ϧǣԡ費󡣡óƭ˵ĽԴǳ˵ϹΪ˳ԡԸèèװèè񣿡
޴ջĻϲͷԣoȻԼȫԡ׸һҲؾʹӦˣá
һСǿͬʱĸ˵ԡЦеرһֻࡢůڵĽɫè¶˵ˮС
ˮʺ¶ȣǵÿԼϸġ
û˵ڳ¡ά¶ȡɾͲԹ¯İǡġèèĹˡ
ȻʼЩڣޱʵԼû˵·İһֻĴèèèĪе㿪ġ
ȻèƤĵoһ£ҲΨһһֻԸһϴèˡ
èèĶᶶʱ̲ס΢΢ףë׵Ķһ¡
лл顣
һƬţϣһֱң
ûע⵽ǣð仰󣬻ﰲóĴèɿתת
k֪Ϊʲôû͵ȴ
һΪkͰͽĹϵܵİµԵʰɡ
á
ɫĴè̵ۣһ̵˵ͷӦš


188 
ϰϰ, ǻҫ
һɫíؼ׵ʿ񳹵¹ĻǰͷѸְò˼顣
˿㼲̤·ʱɱطĳ졢΢ĴϢĽײ, ûһ˷κζ
Щ켴ʹһ, ҲױֵĲˡ
ʵӡ
˺Ȼ
ⰼ͹ƽŢ·ϱ鲼¾ɽӵĳ޺㣬þɳʿǣ׾ٵشǱɨĺۼԼˮʪĳ̶׼ȷжϡ
СĽһȺļ, ǲȫڸǵġ
ڵһ˷, ʿǱĬֹ͵Ѱ
ݴбࡣ
, ûбˮཬʴõľĳƬ
Ҷаĺۼ, ͷչȥ, һŨصĲζ޷ȫǵĵѪȡ
м̵İľϣһЩ·Ƭ
˺ܽƻ
ֵĺۼԽ࣬ʿǱԽЩͬѰǿĵˣڲԼ
ǳڡҪĽ, ǿŵĳԱƽʱᾡܵص͵, һвֹһŵ㡣
ʱԽǿţⷽԽϵ, ҲԽƻ
ɼʹ
ȫ֪׸ǳɸ߼ʿѹ£С΢ɣԵЩ
ô, ȸ£
׷鵽һ, ʿѡǡǰ, ǡؼ׷١
ǰ߻ܸɵ½е, ºгǳ̶ӡ
ߵĻ, ˵ҳһзԭ
š
ͶϺĻףȵԵñҪͳơ
ǱסĴָһ֣ͽȥˣ¶˸ʿšһֱߵĴֳӡӼǰ˸׷顣
ʿǺԥӦˣǡ
Լû֪ڱͬǰе
֪Ϊʲô
ȿԼǿŷƻա˭һۿ˵ļҾס̵ĹҲȻޱȹص彣Щ
¼縺ҪСµִͬڸ·;УȻ̲סƵƵǳԼλߴӢĹꡰ֮ļ̶Ի
̫ˡ
üͷ壬š
ٳֱ
ÿֱʱѡŵûг
ڶԷޱ˵񽫴͸㡱Ǿ仰ʱûгֱֹð˳ͷƤļҳ̶ȣʧš
ԹĶԷΣյ

ĵضԼֱ˻ɡ
ȸ£
ͬίߴ٣ô˳׷ٵķˡ
š߰ɡ
Լ
Σи˹ڡСӦòµġ
гóְҵսʿޱϸ׷һٹǿʿȻ֪
ͷϵġһ޼ʵĸɾҹУһûɵ͸ӡϢ׷ǡ
ʱġ񾵡ǵӰУԾϸÿ˺ֵʽչֵԶĳǱǰ
⵱Ȼǵһİİһԡ鵽ڻǼֿܣܰ˵ʲôϴ˯èèĽ
ʱȷҲ磬ڴߴһ󣬾ûټˡ
ðɡ
ĴǴŲ֪΢Ц
룬֪ɴͳ˰ɡ
èèô㡭ҲĪظźˡ
뿪ԡ󣬾Ȳر˸ߴĲƸ֮񣬾񡪡kƺҲȷǡһȻ§סڴϡ
һһʱżڽϼɵ£ſÿݽȥĴϣܵذűţһ۾ؿЩɵСȴõ赸
۾챻Сһλ󣬰ԵkġȡҲˣߵk˯
ҲʱèԺһˡ벻ȥʿڵ顣
ڲ֪è黹߱ĸ׸ԣ㵱ȻǼġ
Ŀ𣿡
Ȥʵ̫𣿡
è֣صص˵ͷ
ѵûԵkȤ˵ôޱȳĵkԵȷӰ죬ʵǿkҲԲð֪ġ
Ȼ֪èèѾʦͨˡİǰˣ˧Сϰߣ۾΢µôҪ𣿡
è飬ȴһ̻²һ侲ˡ
kҿðϲġè̬ذϷɣֱӷɹȥ
ǵЦ΢
գգۣȷèèĺ󣬲ѯʣϵǻܿ𣿡
kԥǿǾͿ
ʣأ
ⷽ൱ٶ۵ں֪㡣
kȴǻᱻġ
k£˵ҿýס
Ļ˾Ҳˡ
ֻҪܾõĻĻܴ
Ȼ֮ܳ㣬kֻðϾָܻʱĹ£kͲά֡ˡֻ̬ܱʡӽkġè̬ˡ
ҲǵkΨһװͿĵطϲkèģkȴһֱ̬
𱻰ôǵرסkøߴȥӵ
ǻˡ
˿֪ԼΪʲôЦе˵κۻҲİ̫ˡ
èèЩյشۡ
һôú󣬵kȻ֪һСkǲܸıġ
Ҫôźء
ûôִ˯ֻʱһóøһЩĵkܿ뵽һ취
׼ҵקڱٷɹȥ
ƽ͵ظ˴Ρ
ʹèè϶ص˵ͷȻһڴصȴţؾܾˣʮָжλ˰ɡ
ɣ
ǿģԳĿʿԣǼֱǿֲƬ
Ļ䣬èèĶΪصĴˡ

ҺãھɥһСèèǼʱ˹ά˹Ů񵱳۳һ޴ľ
صӳʿǵһһ
ִؾͷģʽȻҲӦܱèèǰҪ̫ˡ
һһ۾ض񾵿ʱܵϼʱȻо鸲ϵèèʲôͻΣգһ±ˡ
㶣ʶؿ۵kĴβ͡
Ȼ
ë׵Ķ࣬ſ˷ɻ
ëɵĳβҲȫը˾豸ս״̬
èèô䱸̬ǵһμ
΢һ
ȴװú侲ûз쳣㣬ֻѭŵkߣ̨ķȥ
ǲ֪ʲôʱڴ̨ϵӰʱʱסˡ
һֻè
Ϊʲôè
һʱȫû񡱵ķ롣
̬ҪȽɫèСö࣬һ£̳˳ýļӰ
ֻè͸ʮ̬߰Ǵ̨ϣ֪Ѿŷ˿˶á
߶ϵһ˲kԭΪɡԵļȴһ±ˡ
򡣡
Ƹ֮һգգرŶԷ
ͬһͷڳѨԵ䰮ıľͻȻ˲ĵˡ
ܺܲãkǻشİİؽ˶Էݣȥ


189 
oľ, ֻջӲŵĺè·ѹˡ
Ǹ³ļһ
š
ԵkŻôӽֲųֲõֱ, ҶĬĬŵЩСһ֪
ͺ׳֡Լðo£ȴڱðһŭʱֵ̹Ȼ޹, ּ񲻿
Ϊǹά˹ң
ȻܲӦ⼫Ϊİ̬Ϊ˳ûŪļһΪʲôôϲèģ, kǿˡ
Щֱļһ᲻ĶԵk֣ȴĪԸô뿪
Ϊʲôأ
èЩɻض˶䡣
kȻƸ֮, С෿ȴشõkеϢ
ΪƯ
k޵ĿעޡɳһĻԹϸϸ֯ˡ
ֵص˵ͷΪѵͬ˲Ƹ֮۹⡣
ȷ
ҪӵиľòƥĺͷԵĻ, kǲԼͬΪߡ
, ⷿõ, Ҳ̫˰ɣ
è̬, ƺˡ
һԶ˼ĸζ, ȴŵڵkԵ̫Ũһ͸һЩϤеõ廨㡣
õkǸԼõʱšߵõ廨ˡ
Ҫ֪õ廨ģġƾk޵ҲԼĿĻ, kҪνġࡱõ廨仯ˡ
˿֪kĥʲôİ, һֻԡĿɰèѡ
ŵ֫ȴΪʶĲƥ, ԳֽӲ׾Ŀɰ
ܡѾèèֹü, ĵԷЩдèèϵû̴ĺڻҡ
o, ȴǳء
, һĿתؿֻĿİ´̨ʱûèеĽý, ΪȶȻһǱعĺèһϰԵ¶Цݡ
òסԼεĴ, һ̧̾ͷ, ȷԼɶͷû, ⼸ν󣬲Ƹ֮Ѿٽɵkͷˣûпʱȴһײһ˫ʯ͸Ư۾
kһ
èצεһ㲣ЩװľϵĲᣬkȻǺġ
k̽Ե߶˼۾ضǸƸ֮ϲŵ࣬Ȼ󡪡
ȷߵȷԼĶƶһֱ׼ȷضڵkʱkҲ̲סˡ
ԭȻŵĳβһ½סһ˲ըëģkȻθߣھֻɵ࣬㾹Ȼüң
ôܣ
˼ôãǵһαݺݵص߸֪
oǰΣô˿ü
꣡
ܿ͸һαװĿ֮Уôô
kɲǰһ󲽡ȴԼèʱӡ硱䡰
һë׵̿ôһ·ײΰأֱǰ
ܵؾֻײƺıèǼʱһ߻èèҲʱ֣kһ´ɳȥ
ž
һ죬èè£û𾪺ޱȶءǰľ񣬾ͱشǽϡ
èһű̯èȻӡ棬ſſ»

һʱ侹Ȼ֪Ǹèèѵһ׺Ǹ̾һĻսȻĳͯƬ龰
ޱèoվҪ̲èࡱֱӶ
ʱԻعס˵kһ֣Ͱ¶˳ϵһĲƸ֮סˡ
ѵ𣿡ɻ㻹Ϊҵk˵뿪ҵߡ
˵֮ķʽ໥ƺŹ
ֻèͰ͵ſڵϣֻһ˫𾪵ĺɫ۾ϣĲƸ֮񶼲ˡ
ĻèoѸٻش
ѡ
kһ΢ߣë޵˫ת״
ĽͫǲƵעŻǵҵذϡڻߵĲ֮ͣǿ򣬲ҵѡ
Ҫ
һôùǱڱͷӶرʾҲ޷ˡ
k˹ֵֹ࣬ëըˣ˭ѣҪǹά˹ذңҸļһ
ֻǵkܻ峿ڴҶϵһ¶ˮһ
ϸŵġžડһ󣬾ͱ͵Ҷⶶˡ
èoͷ΢ۡ
kȻûλŮԼİٸ˵k˳ظ׽ľ顭ңkҲİСǰֳƺܲϲײһ档
ڶݵ˼󣬵kɫ˻ΪŶߵǰظ˶ԷͶߣ˵
ߡ
һźƾճֺ֡ܿɢ
žͿ־ۣǴָԼõ̬
kǿԼȺԵǸƯϵֵطڴ̨ϣ֫Ʒɡʵ䱸Ҳ棺ά˹Ѿˡ
kԼ˵ţͫӹһᷳƣ
ᷳèoġ
ҪҴ仰㡣
k΢ƺû˿ʧȥһ˵ı˺ʧ䣬ֻظĻҵͬ鰡ǳл㱣ѾҪˡϧĿɡ
΢ϣﾲغôúܳ棬յŮǾ׷Ĳڳĵȴ
Źά˹ڱ۾ʱΥ¶ǸϲЦݡ
Ƥøˡ
۽һӰĹϿյͳ
ڳ˯ǰ˵kһܡ
̫Ȼÿ컹𣬵âȴһһ
Ϊƹܹɣλ䵭ʵʵҲѾˡ
ڹе񣬷޷ﲻӵĺڰ
ڰûǰkѡ˱һϣȵ̫Լ¼ŵĳߡ
ǲġ

kߵġ
kһҪ˼ߣֱԼɢһ١ڻͽŷk£컹ҪܾúܾԺ󣬲ſܵ
kܵȺܾã
ͬ鶼˯ˣkҲǲġ
һҪȵ
ķ򢣬䱸صԼǰȴҵôûмĴè񣬺Цһ
ʵǵkһ˵ԼһֱҰģ죬ҾͻΪһڵkߵˣŲʲôͽ;鱧ԼϲɣǿùŹ֣ҲֻǸûĿѣ
䣬λòӢĺڷ͵һЦ˲ʧˡ
ȫһͷˮİ
⧲һϷܿͷèèıȻǽŵģȻûзɾ衣
èè񣿡
̽ʡ
oɫ·һ̾Ҫɳȥ򣬻ڸǻ
k鲼˸׸ǵÿ䣬Ǻ֪ΪʲôûһԶ
Ȼ
ֻǼգ۵ĹһöƴСͨɢ¹һ޵͹εġԲ򡱣ʹӴ˽
oüûֹ
ǰãȻؿһ·Լţ߱ǻ۵Сһܿ䵽Լʶ̯ϡ
ԵԲɵڰϣһʱ˵ı߸Ө
ιֵࡣ
ͳݡĶԵЩܿͳһһĶߡ
Ȼ㱻Ǹļһﶢϣ㲢ᷳ
˶˶٣Ӳ˵ǶԽ񣬺ߣ°ɡ


190 
ʲô
ؽԲ
Ϊǿ, ȼСض˶Щ¡
ܿͻָһ״̬ԹԵڽˡ
ǡ
زԼİƺϲ, èoĵ⽥ɢ
ȡ֮ģƲסİպ;ɥ
k򴽣ǿšǡһ󣬻ǽð˯ź͵͵Ļͷ
ǣ
𰸽ʵʵһ
ֲ˲, ĹŵҲС¡
ôоͻȻޱȹҳͯɫʵġɵǸʶ壿
û취ǡʵ, ʵ̫߸֪ˡ
Ƕ֪ηʱ⣬ܿͱʶԭΪ㳶ʹõġʵڵġ
ִҲԶԶֹһֱߵλ
ƲЩ˵, ԼϾʹ˸ΪܲȱԵֵֹϷϵͳ
ֻһгŲѧȻܵάſѧĵ·ǿؼٽѧӰʵŵ˹ڿѧֲֳȷ֪ʶ
ĺǣֻҪһżͻȻһѡ
ڵϵġǡӦʯ
Ҳ˵ǱڵķͶʲôˡգգ, Сĵص˵
ֻϳԵǿôء
Ȼ֪Ǹе
㺬׳ɷ֣ҲһֱųôĹɡ
ϸоһС, ˲Կѧڵʵ, ҲӭϵͳǿԼϢʱ䡣
ڱȻ赹ǰ, , ǽǷ˴ͷǾµС, ҲèèĵطʵǡΪʲôһֱŰ׹⣿
èoɫë׵ĳβͺȻ˦£ػشΪһܸɾꡣ
İС۾èoһ㲻ģǵһζееˡ
٣͵ĺϲ
еġɾͬʱ߱߹ĳ塢µϡѵͳߵ⼸㡣
ҪһѣҪȫ߱Ǽֱǲֵܳˡ
ԭҲܼ򵥣ϵͽضȵؿϿɣʵһеĹУҲҪòϡ¡ֶΡ
ԽǡɾڶϤһеĿԽҫʱҲԽ
ΪĴҪѪԼְĻ˼궼ָܵԷسkӿȥ
Ƹ֮ܰиǴΣһȥ׽ôԼ
ҲѼꡪžͨϲѼҫıʯϲãһͻɢܳʱâ꣬һʱͣǰֵء
Ƿǳ
ԴԸ񣬵kζ̹ϴ󷽵ͳȥģҪװںӡµkʹͳԭҪδѵµ֮һҲ⡣
ɫ򶨵èo˿ûʶƷɵ΢Цһˡ
ꣿ
ΣһԼԽӲ
š
oû£ƺҲܸȤңǺѵõģǳɾ͸ꡭûа
Ĳģ
k׾ȴĵزţĹά˹غʹϣҪء
⵱Ȼǲܵġ
ûгʹ֮ĻӣãҲܱ
kȴʵôΪ
ֻèèһıףʱˡ
˵𣿡
ɫ㱣һ˿ҵʡ
èèգۣȻʴôԵ㣬еЩ
kǵġѵǵkʲô

Ȼãšǡһ±ޱȳغˡ
èèϡ
һϡ
ζûԼȻ֪޾¡ű˿굱߰һ졣
ЩģèèķӦ
ѼƯ꣬Ѽıʯһ⣬ó͡
һжԼֱ޷̵ĶУoԣȴǺѰ¡

ȥèè
èèǲһġ
ܰ𣿡ܿ˵Լ󣬰ѹ˿ͻȻϮġ֪ԴԼĸǿס˵飬µʣ᲻ἤŭ򣬻߶˵ǣвõӰ죿
ġ
èè׵ɻˡ
֪ΪʲôkܾãСµ飬һ±òˡ
ǵ𣿻ǴĴ
kһŬ˼ţһ߻شŰĻȻСkѾ͸ˣkġµۼҲѾǳˣҪǰҪĻҾͲȥĻͻڴµƱԴıԼ뿪˳ҵ곹װϢĵط
ԭ
èè񲢲óͣҲֲص㣬ǵõԼҪ֪Ϣ
֮ǰҪ΢һЩoڶݵסŴ껯ɵġǡֻһʱ䣬ͻһƱԴȥȥĵطˡ
ǱҲǲ
ֻһ㣬ֻҪԴǳ
ǡҲӵм䣬дʹֻдһʶָܽ
Ա꣬ŻơšķӦ
Ūһк󣬰˿
Ȼ֪ΪʲôղǸڷۡԸõ
ף
ֻǸշٴãȻ״̬
Ϊʲô֪Դ桯£
èèûжЩ
ҲҪ
ʶʱѾ˲ö룬ȽǷŵèèϣɿǺӦûصҹôĹӦ˼ϣһ˶װèè뿪
Ȼֹ
ڶ̶̵һ˲ع˱㳹ʧȥʶ˫۾Ҳˡ
޳ָ䣬룬Ǳ΢ɬѿشǿûüȫſϡ
š
֪Ѿ˯ţԼĻظˣߴӢϽص˵ͷӦһ
Ȼkޱ֣СèŪëһ˲ͰСиԼǸһ²˹
Ȼ޷ǿȴ漣㲻е£Ǻܰصȴʲô
˵ߡ
kضš
ţûĵȵȻɢĵkֱͳһһȥˡ
ĺɢһ̣
ǷȼСԾڶ£ԲƸֻ֮һ˿ҲԵޱȵι֡һƬҶĿ磬ʵʵعסˡ
λĵȴûܵ˺
ǹһ͵ԶԶģܿȥİϢ֮ء
ǣǲҪˡ
һкèoرסİİ¡
Ǻܺ桢ܿĵģʱkԼҲȥѼһЩͬɫķǣӿء
Һõkûôûô˵
Ѿϲˣ
Ƹ֮롣
˲ϲȻǸ
ʵ̫ˡ
ëĴβ˹ȥһشѩ׵ı¶ɫȱ컹ҪðӨ󡢹ͤСȡ
ɫëĵϸСȰ׵þĶǣβҳϵػİ֮Ĵèһؽײ
kϧװĴǣȸԾҪ
Ұ㡣
޾ҸۣkСرסİİ£૵


191 
ҹ˾, ڷܵϵͳǿƽ˯ߣqжȴš
Ѿˣȴ۾, ֵǹ˸
Ȼ˯ڳʪխ, ȴǴδйĺá
ΰèè񰡡
ȸԾ, ૵лĿ, лˡ
һʱ˯, ԺƲסزϻطĳ
ӦƸϳĹͽΪʱļѵ, űɵƬÿҪλһ, Ϊ﹤һٶ
ȻСڸ׸ǳ󣬵ʵϤ
ҪûǴĻ, ԭһƬӲݴĻĵأ˵ܾǰҲΪʹõģֲ, Ĵ޵ׯڶ޷ѿ, ڱũ
ٵĸ׸, ڲһָ׸ǴСġ˵ġ۵Ĳ, ע⵽
ڣȴ֪ΪʲôΪ˱䵽һٶ˵ĹģһѶոµĽΧƵǡ
Ҫʲôأ
qжȻҲ档
ȥ翵ĺ棬ĹҪ
ƶߵͬ, ʮֵϧ͵ıᣬҲǷıĻж
ÿԼĹ, ԼһϾȡ͹֪ʶ, ͹ڲˡ
µϰߣ˯֮ǰ, һΰèè, ϣkһֱһֱλʥ
پǽıĿǰͷĴڴϣţֱܵľ񽥽ƽһööɰޱȵǮ˯
ǵģǵλ˼Ǯʾ󣬾Ȼͬ˶ԺһǵĹǮսᣡ
ɵһ칤нʵʵʱøС
ֱ½ĺЦס֣һؼҵķʱһЩʵС
ǰύµѣһ﹤
æµ˴ʵҸеĹ½ˣڿڴǮңõò˼顣
ҪһЩ˲úֿ߽Ϥխ
ȥǰϰԵ£һ̾ͷӦ¶һưĺͲõЦݺ󣬾ͻصС
ѽٱЩåˡεΰٿǺģ˵£ǵѵĿÿεĽֵѲء
䷢ĽҲ©ϲµǼѾϴ/⻧ʱ˾ٱȻץˡ
衣
ĸ׻ڻ˯ȴǰˡ
Ų˿ݵ֣棬ĵЦݣȻ֪ݹáһŬǮһյСġҪŶ
ĸ׵ĺͷ˺ϸ΢һ졣
һϽ̧ͷȻŻ谵Ĺߣϸضĸ׵
ܿȷϣĸײûǽһӦˡ
̫ˡ
ţصԼС䡣
ڸ׸ܱߵı仯ʵ̫ˡ
Ϊũūơڳﱻ׺ӵƶǣҲܵﶼһĶݡ
еĴˣǷ΢ϣȥӦƸȴܿʹ˺Ϣ
˼̫̬ȷ⣬Ȼõ˹
û˻ȥϸΪʲôͻȻ֮ҪôͶֻΪԼΥػһұḻĹеϲ
ȻҲû˸ȥ롪һͻȻͨˣҪô죿
˵Э£ɵؽţԱȼƻиٶȣ˵һ衣
ÿ춼Ҫͷċqжۼ֤һĲߵ¥ֵ³Ρٵ𲽰θߣƯɵġ
̫ˡ
Ӻܸߡ
վڵϵҪ̶ȵ̧°ͣܿɫĺÿƬ
ôõķӡĽ֪˭סȥأһǹүǴ˰ɡ
ʯϴ½ʵĵػһ㡢ʵľϲ㽨֧õϲĽϻƯɫƬסģӿúܴ
ûðĲסǲȡĥúܱܹ͸ʯ壬滹кܶСԲס
ʯĥʯʱԱ۰Ͱ͵ؿ˻ԺҪСҲҪװĴ塣
qж
ӳ깤磬극ⷢڷЩ¥·ĵءͷСһˣȻǺͬסһ¥ھӱɵ¡
̲סڵϣѯʱɵµɵ£֪ΪʲôҪｨأ
ǰʶǱʵ̫ԶЩЩϲųǱסǮƵ˵ķ
ԽԶǱķ򣬷ݾԽСΧĻҲԽңһЩ۹ƶ
Ҳֻʱѡ
qж˼ؿԶά˹شڵķ
ÿؼʱû֣˱ȥ·Ĺˡ޸ͼӿе·ΣҲⲻ졣
Ϊĵ·֩ڱ֯ϸӡ
ѵҪ·һ·޵Щ·
Ҳ֪
ɵ²˼ؿȻص鲼ȹһͷȻƯС²ǸЩɸѡʿӵļסɣ
ЩƾˡǱõʿԭʿŵĳԱϢȵ˵ִ׸ǵĵڶ죬Ѿֶˡ
Ǹ߹ĳǱܹصһ㣬ǳＫܾĽĶ
Ȼͨɸѡܸ˶ᱻߪΪʿӡϣʿҲ߹󣬵ģĵλ޴ԽУȴǼĬŵġ
Щĵͽ׹ǵ£ҲȻ̬ưɾӣʿɸ£Ҳ׳ΪЩŮĸﲻŮѡ͵һҪѺܶĶע
ร
qжһ¾ͱ˵ˡ
ɻǣʵôģǡ¶ƵһΪÿÿֻ10öͭҵľȼⷿʱ˶סˡ
ȤĶһɷ䣬ץˡ֣Ҳûܻɫ͵ǣֻüѵһӿ϶ˣϾͻὨڶһȷָȽѵˡǵôƾ֤Ҫйȥ˰֤ˣǰŹǶȥ׼ɡ
û˻̡˰ǱݵıҲƴǮԭ
źʹͣǲ֪˶á
Լľ巴Ӧqжļ䶼ЩģˣϾʵ̫ˣƺһ˻ߵļк۲۵ķӣһ·񱼣ֱ˼ҡ
ڵͰĴ²Щûüߵĳ棬СشľȡҪļ
Ϊֻ̫̫ͣСľļǻԼ⣬˲Ѫ
ĸ׾ڽǵ޷ŵķ󣬰ֲһ·ɡ·
ʧȥϷȴ˿еĲǰҲ˵ˣԼϷһҪʱһ·ӣ߷һʷĲģ
ź͋qжһļˣ׸ﻹкܶࡣ
èһ鷿ڿΪ˼¼Ĺĵá
Ȼ伳ȡԶƽʱ֮ʱkɻͷٿرʸ˽дҲԶ˶١
ͻȻյ˺֮ܶ
ڰͶȥѯĿһ̣kʵصʲôûǰġ
ں˵ʲô
ϣһ߿һ߱ĿˣЦŻصҿɲͬĻÿ첻رңҪʱذңһֱķɣ죬кͶѵҲʲôû𣿡
èèȻĻŭš
׿˵ЩˣԼȴоЩֵֹġ
Щ±۾
ԼղŵǷȡ
ôôȻ԰һλԼˣ


192 
ȻѾ, èè񣬱Ϊˣڱ䱾ӰΣȻغһԡ, ǵĴ, ʱʱһŻ⡢ͼ, ˼Ŀⶢ
Ҫ˵ĻЩ֢״ǴӴ쿪ʼֵġ
ЩɣԼо͹, źܴĹ
ۿèoʱ鲻΢΢һЦ, ˾
, èèʵ̫, ҪǶԵkȦӵί˵, ˵ʵ䷴
èèٴΪεع۲ԼʱֱӲ˵kߡ
ֱ˵ʣװ, ѵŴ𣿡
èգۣһֱ΢βٿȻסˡ
kĬһС, ſƴʵϲ򡣡
ݸһЦţҲ򡪡ȻԸ߸ϵԣkһһС뷨, ҵȷҲϲk, ⱳԭ򡣡
Ƹ֮Ķһ, ҪΪᡱ仰еɥ, һ̾ΪСࡱݶЩˡ
ǰ, һ»±ø
Ȼǰk룬ǿҲ˵ԼǡС࡯
ԭ򡣡
Ȼ˳ŵkĻȥһԭǣڴʹkͻȻ˻ǵkǿǣΪǷݡͬңҲֻᱻkһֵûȡĲƷ
˵΢΢̧տӯЦ⣺ȴԶң𣿡
͵k𡣡
ֻһ̧֣èoеط˱ʣԹԵؿȥˡ
ڷ΢ϣһظеĶ⣬һ΢΢ЦڵرҪĴڣ𣿡
Ƹ֮Ǳ׹ƻˣβŴص˵ͷ
ǵڶԭ򣬾ͺˡĿУҲһҪװèè񡣻㲻ĵĴڣôϲأ
ǷǿҵÿҪԱĳģǷݽʾ֭͸СҪĵУȻһ
ˣҿǽƻࡣ
۵ӹһĨ⣬ߺѵõرѹŶͳô׺ƭġ
ǱʶȷԸ򣬵ΪıܣȴԵصִŵk
ǵkͻȻ롢èè΢ĹϵǰشǴСУĪһλ߹󴿽ߵ
Ǵĵ˼£İһ֮ϡ
ôܻΪյͬеˣ
ǳŴϡƷֱζ˲ʩһЩ͹̬ȣעԵk䱸
ѾΪ˺ܶˡ£רĺŰյӣҷյء
˵һֱ˼ڤĲƸ֮۾ٿȻˡ
뵽ˡ
ȻСµĻŭţkûԼЩϲĶðӿġҲӰkĿġ
еĵԺ󣬵k鲻ԽװĴǣһҴȥǣ𣿡
롤¹˹ɽΡķ˹
ϹҲǰĸ׵ȫ
Ĭˡ
ܺܲϣһ¶ˡ
ȥ֮󣬻ǡ꣬ͲٱΪʱļˡ
ǱϾĸס
ִġǸΪġûνĸĸԵ֡
ĲлԼںǰϹѾڿ׵ˣûһ档
ִ˵ĽǶϹԲǸù
ϲܣ׷ųԣݲºӯ⣬ڵĿĮģҲڱ߾ڹ
¼ļӣǷʱҲ쳣ģӴ߷˿׵ķѡ
ȴΨǡĺøס
谮ӵõ˶һ޶Ĺλ˳͸ġʹ֮
Ƹֽܸ͢Ϊд޸裬Ҳü߳ĻΪӶͬ
ֻǼѪͻѾŭĿ׸֮һˡ
ǵʱѵɵİӵôĹĲµ׷棬ҲǶλ׵ı
΢΢

ȷʵλʱ۰һ档
һֱϸ۲İİɫoʱʮİա
ڰ뿼ʱkϼų룺͵ú£ֻƯڶкܶεءҴŰһҵġֻǱȽϻʱ䡣
ֻҪܸһ𣬲ܻʱ䣬kǺܿĵġ
ܿ죬èèڴĿ£ջ˾ܾĻص˵ͷ
ллλ
š
ҹĻ٣㾲ʱͬèèʵĽ顣
īϴҹϷ˸ֻп˲Ż֣ᷢеҪ࣬е԰
һӰʮַɵ̬һֻɵ۶ɵĴèϡ
ǽɫèزԾҲԽԽߣܿͿǱǵƻˡ
ͬƼȴɻʱǽȻͬ顣
ܲϰΪԼܲķƣƮƮò˼飬ȴȵֱֻèèϡ
ͷԼʱҲֻһõİӰ͸ϡƲ㣬ԼԽԽԶĸ׸ϵ
ýͷĿѣ
Һָߡ
侲ؽߴӳµĽǶƿֻܿ
ӯٵشŵĴè˳ٲֱµһƬҶɣڵkƮһӰĽɫ绮ʵǴͣƻá
ֱͯܵƼ㶹٣һͷ׵ĻþĽܿһԶǻҪ档
ֻ˶̶һ˲ѾΪˡ͵͵˷ŵèèƲ֮ϡ
ò˼ĿտУƯһſɢŵĹԡСһǡ
Ѿ֪ˣǵĴСȥʱйأĳ̶µĶѡ
âǿʢЩǣѾ޵Ĵѡˡ
ʣµЩ꣬û£ҪôɢʧȥڹĺۼҪôãƮУ˵ҵ򡢵ðϢĵط
ôţèèͻȻһݡ
֪èè񲻿ԼȥСһܵرסǰè
ûע⵽ǣԼȥһ˲䡪èèסˡ
ûһʱֻʵʵ

ܲèèƾǵǿ֪̽ڵĴ·Χ
Ҫk˵ȽϿ졣
£ʵ״̬ˡȫʧȥ˼͸ֻ֪ʣǳı𣿡
˸Ĵèèҡҡͷ
k˵ĺʱߵļ䡣
ؿ΢ϡ
ʱèèѾĻӱý۳һšƶ䡯ðءȡš

غ
ﰲó棬һſĿĵƯš֪ȥǣҲûκηӦ
롤¹˹ɽΡķ˹
ڶκʱһЩ
ЩȻǴ㶵ģûķӦ
ɫèסˡ
Ϊʲôأ
ά˹ؾ˵ѽ
èԸɻͷ
롤¹˹ɽΡķ˹ʵ۱¡
ϹȫٴγڣͺȻʶʲô򴽡
̧ۣܵͬʱٴκҾĸװ
ң̾˿۰İˡ
ǶԹĺ
ˡ˵ĺ
䡣
һԶԱߵҪ󣬹âȴʮǣڶݵͣٺԽе̬ߵķƮ˹
۾һգգؿ˫ֵĺһ
һ˲
Ǿӯˡ


193 

Լĵ˲, ľһһ¡
λƲ֮ϣֻoִܵռѩɽͰ㰲ס
һſ껯ɵǻƮ, ϸѩҪӯ
ҫŶĿĽ, Ҳͬ÷·ûһ˿һķɵ̤һǿ֮ϣʱǱƸ֮ýʵġơϸĵסˡ
Ž, ȴ·ġ

Сĵס, £ԼĿڵλ, ǲԾһĨЦ⣺ڼˡ
Ȼ, ʵǳμ档
ںϵɲǸˡֻѪԵϵоȻǿ󣬲ûΪɢ
ĻǺȻ˸ǻӦ, ȸԾƵԽԽ졣
èèѾ˸ߴģһ߿š
ڹ۲һľٶ, kͷ, ڵ, 뽫ȥ𣿡
kóʱܸӣƺЩ˸, ЩϲãЩᡣ
΢ܴȥ𣿡
èèص˵ͷ, ԭ, Ҳӵκμ䡣
ʵһǳϸǳ鷳¡ҾҪǿĵk, Ҳ޷, 붯ıԴ֮
ҲΪʲôȥӦͽڡ߸ּԸԭ
ҲС
ֻҪǰԸ, Ƹ֮ͻ۶գϲŸշŭ뿪񣬱ƶԷԼ
ܲȡʲôֶΣһҪٳ²ɡ
ȻҺܸжĺ⡣èè˵赭дǣ鷳ֲֻᣬҡҡͷЦ˵Ĳá
ϲĹȻڣص塣ḧŻ･ǣ΢΢ЦΪǰ۰ĺӣһֱûΪЩʲôڵĻֻϣһͰҸڵġڻ⸽꣬ȥǸȥĵط
Ҫûв´ĻʵǻͬģԼǼλһ⿨׶ֳֵ⣬ͬһǰǳеʧˡ
ߴӢoһգգһá
һ˲o±Ĵè
kԴ˳΢ǰһͽСµ깰Լͷȥˡ
ķͷȻվһɲһбΪԼҪˤȥ
˳ëʵľʱܵҪֹסԼͷžץסһġֻë׵è
ܳƵеĲλ֮һĶ䱻ٿȻץסýɫèһβϵëҲһըˡ
ڷӦԼץסʲôȻжʱӿ
ǸǸ
ʹèèʲôû˵ǴԽèϣоèèĽ״̬
Ǹɿ·Լ壬סʵסĸ׵꣬ɴèèԼ
ʵҲִܹСֵķӦ
ʵزؽèèıϣĶͲԾرͨ죬ĬĬؿԼ
Ͼⲻƽһèǵһ

ڰȫ˵ԼʱسĬ˺һĽɫèȴȻԴתˡ
ʹͨһë׵è漣رkϵ࣬ҲԴʼ֣أҲġ
ֻǣ˵仰èèͫ⣬Ϊһݺ֪΢͡
kգۣ֪ظ˿ڣȷҪһ㱣ϴʩ
ϴʩʣǵkô¼ʱ˳ѧء
ãȻضŵk˻˿֪kڡǽǡڱϡ߼ѵѡ˺ߡ

ƻĽɫèһͽԼʶһֱֵ÷ǳϲĴβ͸˱ϣȻȻزס˰ϸ
Ͱȫˡ
ͨèĹ졢Ķ󣬵kkĵ˵š
Ȼµ̧ǰצȻЩꡣ
ŵëβͣǼȾÿЦãֵȷЩϲ
Ҫʱ̫ԣ˳ߣϼΡ
ϾèèڿҿҵظɻһʩİڶԷϵģҪôôߣδ̫ˡ

ʵڰ಻סԼʵ顣
̬زŪһſǡǸԼ󣬰һԭԵú嫵Ǻʵʵشһޱ׳۵ġʵơĴèֱǰЩֶƣɫëСèһɰҪɰöࡣ
֪˶ãèo㽫kóĹˡ
kһһһ۶ͷҫǣسָİϢ֮طȥ
ǰȥˡ
һ׿ĵطèèͣ˽ŲסĴβҲɿˡ
kСĵؽһɫƶϣȻؽǰ棬ȥΣաҰͽȥ󣬾ϻҰҪ߿
ǱϾ˵ðϢĵطȴûʱ߽ȥ
ʹаеkӣkҲǲģɴཫˡ
šʶ˵䡮ллϴèè֣ĵĿ󣬾ͼʱЩԵ̫׵Ļ˻ȥֻЦӯӯ˵㡣ˣװèè񡣡
èèһؾһ£Ȼȫð뿪Լߣʶ£ҲС
ƺõѡ񡭡
k˺ܾãǵͷסǿͻȻɪɪǡ
ӯצ棬ææشǺƺһ뿪ˡ
ʹѵñֵôصèС㶣ˣǺķġȰĴȻʱһΡ
Ŀèè¶ȥ󣬰ûƶһֱǶɫ
èèӰʧķ˼
èè˵˵ڰϢ֮صõõʽȥһ編Ϊάһ֡
Ҳмǻữм䵽˼ת
еɸѡ׼ʲôǰĴСȣǷõǷӻ
˳£Լֵ龰
Ȼ󡭡ЩͷƤ顣
ʶػèèղ赭дǾ䡰Ҫȥ𡱵ķʣּŨĲԤС
ûж̰ҲûԼӰഺפ
Ը̬ȣԺԼ̬ȡ
ôϲԼèèĻĸԸؽ˥ȥһ·Ϣĵط
Щɡ
ʹܺƭèèôҲȫԸ
Խԣʵ̫ˡ
ͬèèӰظԼʱԭΪֻһʱġĴʱ·ܿͻˡ
ڣèèûζļ󣬶ƺҲԽԽèèˡ
ǡ΢顣
ҲζԸ⣬èèʧȥ·ŽһİһƬհס¿ʼķʽŵk

ǱʶΪèèһô
èè񲻵ϲһһֱƽֱӵ̬ǲὫҫ굱鱦ղĴԼ߰㡪

ûߵĵطһϤȻڶ
ֱһһ¾ͽԼ˼İըˡ
ô
ܷӿź˵֮ڷӢεһͷµضġĪƯ࡭Ŷꡣ
⡣
һ
Ȼϲżһ
һ´͸ҵ
ȰڣǱ㹴һĨЦԹԵš
س֣ǶɫƿϾˡ


194 
ΪѪ/շ, ȻĵرԦ˵ġޡ̬һԼϡ࿴⣬ҲС
kѡһ, Ҳʡķ
ǣǰٿȻһ, ȰԷ, ǰͱˡ
ԭֻһĺڷ꣬һ°θ࣬ҲԼӱʽǰ
ʶԼȻֻܹԷʱ, һǷʲôˡ
ȷе˵ԵĴǿʱıģĻ, ̬
Ϊͯʱģ
, ¾ͷˡ
򰵰ҧɵıèèµƽսĵط, Ȼû˵һֻ֣ɵСİ
kССһֻӵд۾, İõɫĴĽ˻, ƺƵز˲
ֻ࣬ǿɰ
èɵèһkһ±, ޳ܵ˵ԻţһǱǸεļһİɣ, ҹ䡣
ʵ̫ˣȫȻİĵط
λϲŭ޳o, èè񲢲ڳ, ʵȫӽġ
, ֲѡֻʹԼ侲
ԼԷϷŪĴ΢΢֮ǰö´Ĵǣ˵ϹĶԷ͵ӢƵ֮񰡣ҲƾִģֻڵȴػɵĲƸ֮ſҰɡ
ߡ
ܰܿèèԭ򣬵׾ٵزµˣɫһ±Ĺĵڶˣĳèkʱ£Ҳֲȥ
k˿ڣˡ
ܷǳ򵽵ûһźݻĴ¡޷ΰ󡢸߰ϣ
ȻҵߣǾ͸Ӧˡ
ϲŭ޳µشôõkѵϲˣһֺ
küϲλʱҲǻزģʵʵ߰ɡİɣȻkҲᱰɵ˺㡣
δ˵꣬زƱɢĽۣһСɳԶɢҪƸ֮״
ץʱܡ
ôţkٸ˵ֱİߣԼʵסȫȥ
ڴֱȻܵèèʱƽȰݡгֵϾֻܼķ羰ˡ
Ũصĺܲ͸ֻԼ۾˹Ͳϴ»һߵÿҪλˡ
壬ȴоθ﷭ͷҲѡ
֪ǣΪڷ˯е£һ¶ԵñֱŵǿԵʡ
ܵĳ󣬲ܵ𵴵֢״
ˡ
ԱǸıҪÿöɣ͵kɸk޽һõģʺϵk
kʹرԼԿĲƸ֮񣬶ܵڱĺɫʯϣ˫Ŀգ˺ܾòŻǿ
Եèè
ЦԼϸС鷳ˡ
ιô
ûܵõӦһɻضƯܷǰ
kҪƸ֮ϲģ˵ʱkĪؾһ㶼׶ˡ
ƽʱֱܴʱɵý˰˶ȣϸԴţò˰ɣܰ
ȻǵkһΰkԼعס˵ģ

̲ס룬ÿ
±kСˣĹâȴøǿˡ
Ĭضǰĺ
ͫﵹӳŵķ꣬Ǳӳ˰ҹǹ⡣
˺һ󣬵kҲԽԽɻˡ
а࣬ʱ塭ΪʲôõkᵽǹϤõ
ڴ̲סսȥһʱۡ
˫ɫذĵóɫ۾ʱʶظֳһЩ
ԡ
kʲô
ã
ʶ󣬵kĵؽĿ˰ϣǹ궯ȴȻ޷ƽϢ
ǵֻè̫
ͷһӿ֣ҡҡͷ
ҪֻǵصĻȻ׾ܱǿÿŵǼһҹ
kԼаǸҲڶʱҹģ
ȵkϲƯයŪˣٻԷˡ
Ȼš
Ƹ֮ҲΪ˸࣬ͺͬԼƴ
߰˼һѺ֪һ㣺ڵkǰڲƸ֮ǰס
kڸ׸ǵǼǿúġƸ֮¶΢ЦɶԷסԼտɫ۾ģϵͽĽ׼
ڶԵkȴ䵭ġۣȴһ仰˵Ը⿴kһۡ
ߡ
뵽kʱЩˣƾʲôǸĳèõôƯϵͽ
kŵʲô
ֱ˵˵kûɣһǱkƭˣk϶ƭԼܣǸŴͽеһoʱǼȡıԴȻҲǴɵɵӣһĸڳص⡣
ȻһҪԼ۾飬游Ŀȡ֪ʶͼ䡣
ͨȡںϷһСּ䣬ͽȫԸ
Ҳôеɻԭ
ҪûȡĻǶԷƾʲôӵôǿȻkȲϣ
ҪǼȡ˵ĻôܻǴ浥ģ
û뵽ǣԼ˵Щûü䵭ظҪǸˣ͸ЩšĽ飬ڽתkؿˡ
𾴵Ĵ¡Ҫĵطеġ򡯵ĻŷλΰѾˡ
ֻǵʱ·ȫɻƽɵݻèèıԴס
ʲô
Ȼ˵⻰ٶջ˴Ĳ顣
kǱͻȻĻ̵èһܾŵؿոջҪƭ/ࡣ
ֻǵkʧɫ£ĵصȴеȫͬܣôܽгҵ֣
kȫ޷⣡
kղŰ׿ڻģ̺/֣
꣬ζֱ/ġoǿģ£/ĵһڱʱͻᱻӴķ֮÷ǣ
Щؿǿйȴֵһһէo
Щèè֮ǰᵽʱΪʲô¶Ͳĵ΢ˡ
ܱǸƺðʥ֣Ҵŷΰŵġ
˵š
ǳΣԼڶԷУȻܽĪ𾪵ĶԷˡ
̫ܲ۾ܾǫѷ΢ЦţȻƺһᡭǾٲðǰ鷳ͻԭĵطɡ
ߣ
ðŻع
kɲ֣ͼʵ涼Ĵڣø⾿ʲôһ㶼֪𣿵k¶û㡪
ҲʯڵĺȻȻֹ
ͬһʱ䣬k֮ǰͱƸ֮µ˵ұۣһҡѰʹ
k˲ÿԼֱ۵ͽӲŤͷĿؿǿж˵kһǽޱ顢ȴɷضŵkףβ˺ѷεغ&amp;%&amp;%쵰


195 
Ȼ䱻С, Ҳ⵽˺ĴǷŭĿߣƸ֮ȴš
ڰƽʱ͸ŴĿɰ, Ӣݣʱȴ縲˪
kֱӴԼֺĴ̤˽нۡ
, k׼ٸһġ
ԭĮĽͫӳİµӰ󣬲Ȼ
Ȼ봺ůĶѩ, ٵڻ

kš
˱ֱֵۡ򣬵kûм
Ǿֱ, ᵭĽǰȻһ, ؽסˡ
ֻǰһ, ͱǹǿ´èè, ⵽һҲָĴС
èè񡢱ʾֻһ龪, ͡رסˡ
Ȼ±סʧõġҪ䱦oȴûôƽ
k۽ֱҲΪ΢΢ţڰ߷ص, 
û¡
Ϊkס, ᵽkĿֻŵĴڡ
һͿɤҲŵüΪᣬĸèèԼϵı㵣ˡû˺ңҲûж⡣Ҳ, kֻkе, ΪЩȲ
⵱ȻһСʵԡ
ʹͨ߷߲ƽ̬, жϳkèè϶ռ˱, ȥûٳԱ񡭡
èèΪԼУ仹ദͬ顣
̬Ȼ֣ȷƲ̫⡪ֻ˵Ϊưע˵k߸ϵ̬ѡ
̾˿
Ҫû´ĻèèȫȫԴģеġࡱɡ
ذţo۵ǲڱɽµľŭƽ
ʵ̫̫̫ƭˡ
Ļèo򴽣ôš
ΪkŻ׽߰ġ
ŲΪҪ͡ĺԭ
ҪŵkĻѻ
ŹڴƵС£èoذ֣صضŽѡk۸˰˴£Ӧܵͷôԭµk
kսߣʹӱɢǼʶ֪˰ʧ
ʱĵkҪˡ
û˺壬Ҳһðܵ˾š
֮ǰֻԵk²ͬҶ԰֣kǾԲưոݵġ
ڸͬŭɶĴ򳹵׿ǰèèΪ˱⵽ǣۣͻظ׸ǡ
ȥ˯kûסֱ˱Ȼسŵһ֮ǰȥġ
ǵİȰ˵kı⣬ƻĲƸ֮˵Щ󣬾͵ϵؽͻظ׸ˡ
ȻżΣʮֹk
걻ͻеһ̣ʵѾϷϵͳǿʱͱһ˯״̬
Ȼڳ˯֮ǰǳֵĩβ΢С䶯⡢Ѿܾûй仯ĵս壬һص˳
ôȥЩ
ŸԼķңֻٹص˵塪
ף
۽ɨʲô׹ǰȴסˡ
ʵ̫ˣũˡ99%ѾܾõĽڵִ100%
ζţڽ10
ҪûǴĻϷӦܵõһڵ缦ߵġֲ֮ĳƺŽԼԺ۵ũ︱Ʒ۸50%ֲũҲ20%BUFF
ɳǰʵȴġ
ǸѾֵ͡10ز˸
ȴǰĽݡ
ȱϷϵͳڻ
ü
ڶһСĮĵعˡ
νˡ
Һһʼûдϵͳ
Ϸϵͳ𳹵ֻ̱˵ÿҹضǿ˯DEBUFFµеķչҲܵκӰ졣
ʹѾ1999ö3ӣԼ½µ20
ڵҲֻڸ׸Щ̫ƶ񤡢ֻӲݴЩǰɺͰ¶ʱ󣬻ҪԿһƬ֡
ջҲǰˡʱ͸ڵţϾȥա
ҸںЩ
Լǰޱš
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ֻλԼΪǣҵĿɰʱƽµسǰ
ûǰ㣬ֱ֪ĺڰ
Ĳͨ࣬λǿԵʣڹرսȴԼһûط
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΢΢ͷĻƽʹҪøߴֺ룬ͨɽǵѩ㴿ӨƯ
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ȴ˿Եòҵ塢°
෴ǣĸоӵЩƶһ
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Ǳѩסֲ㣬ǿҶӣŬ¶һ⡣
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196 
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ԭˡ
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ˡܼŵΪڴһʱݽߵƣоϯ˲Ƹ֮ȫ
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èèϵЩĵøɸɾԥº󣬼ʹoһ䣬̲סǴ˵kϡ

뿪˯֮ǰ΢տɫǽᡣ
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˹һظߣĿȴưԱ߷ɿһ
׽ǴĿ䣬µؽ߷Żذϡ
ûèè㣬ðΥͳǺܿͨԼһķʽתעѸͶȥ
ڸ˹˵ͬ£¹滮Ĵ󹤳̵ĵڶ׶εĳѲһܡ
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ʩֳһ飬ѯ»صǱˣѾԡϦˡ
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ѵݳһѵĸ׸ɫŵƹ⣬˳èΪ¼һҳҳ飬ֶߣǰƽš
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ȷǱмڴ⽫ǵ˸׸꣬õļƻ
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ڰԳ⡢ȱݵĲοɸѡƫߵĵһͨǣֻռ˱1%ϵİһˡ
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ūӵȨҲд
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ӵ㹻츳ģ㹻ŬץסЩˣʸѧҵ
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ĿģҪھǱڵ˲ţū͵ײƽṩ·Ҫȥϲʿһ¢֪ʶȡķʽ
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ܳϻ̳Ͽֵؽӹʹ˵顣
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Ҫoս޷״ɢϿɵģǶ˺µkںܳһʱڶ޷Ļ
ɣ½߾ȫԷҲҪԼҲ״ɢġ
ġ
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198 
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ڶӽĿǰֵ96%, ǡɼߡˡ
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ԭʵİѩƺ象ЩԼԼ¶֦Ҷƺõġ
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Ȼǿȴֻعס֣ûų˺λߡ
ΪǵõϿɹ
ҲĽǣԸŵkѾԭ򡪡ҪǵkĳʧĻkôá
ǻԸ˯ⳡȴԵòôʹࡣ
»ڣΪʲôͻȻأ
õŮţʹסʪ
Ͳ
Ϊʲôû
ô벻ͨ
ΪʲôôѰ
ֻǰÿһͨƽһ߸̫ɣܣһ߶ǰ·ϰµĴһСԼĽࡢŵƯһõ塭
׸λ˫ЦţΪɰСõ塱ı°


199 
ɫĳ׸ݻʱ, ۡ
տɫڶݵĿã⽥ۡ
ŹǳΡļ佥ع飬ɻȴԽԽˡ
λصo֮Գèè˯ʱ, ĵط, һֱ¶档
ӽһöԷʵòʱ, ȴֱ˲ιȥˡֲϷ̬, ǳʲôĿģ
ź, õ, Ҳܴ⵽⡣
˼һ, ʶز˯ƽ̬˿δĿo԰Щ
ǿ°ʹèèŭ²ŹȥãʵڲλɰoΪԼðջˡ
ˡ
ǿ, ޷
ΣԷǱж⣺ƾֺչֳǿʵλصoҪԼһ곹׻𣬿ֻҪ򵥵һͷ
˫ʵ⣬Լûκηص£鷴ˡ
ҪڽϢʱ, ٴαȥĻɴ˷ʱ䣬ֱһ̽ɡ
ȥæˡ
ڸϴ, ٳǰ, ̲סصߣǡ˯ˡǰ
ǳɫĽëȶ, ڽ׵ϴһƬ˵Ӱ
ЦϣЩ, װèè񡣡
˹С, ľȴҪԵúöˡ
ùͺ󣬰ɨȻûгʿӰıŷ򣬾Цܼ˵ҽȥֿЩһЩľġˣʣЩɳǽʯĲǶţȥ
˹΢΢һûκɣǴظǡ
Ǿ䡰ΰèèĿ顱͵Ĺ򣬶ֱʡȥˡ
С˾񣬸˹⡣
ûܵκȰ裬ֻҪӣȥïܵһİԴҲ⡣
һߣһɫõֵص㡣
һѡУʾ˿һЩȻ治ɫشϷȡ˸ͷŴ׳ޱȵɻȥ
˸ģӦľ͡
Ŀ滭׸ˣͱɵˡ
ڰĸĶ£ǵֺͺԴȫ񿪷ˡֻҪнƵؽвãͲҪκķá
Ϊ˱̫ľڲķûм򵥴ֱؽͷ˰ȴŸӼǵ
Ʃ˰Ʒļ۸񣬹ѣӴóȥǿʹĥĥ桢ҽ1/15ݶСΪõĳ¹棬ɳǱ·ŶнˮĥѿţūɵָĹҪпеʱ䣬ǱĹӶģнƸ빤ؽĻᣬҲЩͨλܶڵļѵһЩǳżɣҽԺҽƷĽиƣΪоǱѧṩоѺͷнꣻ޽èèṩõЩϡĵײƶӯڽޣζⷿ
Щ䶯УΪӴλ²Լūǻġ
ǸеĿϾӵһУֻǸʼ
Ŀǰֻ֪ͼ³Уɱ䣬ȫµĿƬϵ쵽ǸᱻԶκһеĸֹʩ𾪡
ɼʹǻ֪δԼж˵£ûôõӵĴˣѾеظеˡ
磬ũūǶӺ꣬еģɶʱû
ŰҪľϵľ⣬Ը˾Ӷˡ
ΪǱߺһЩСޣǼٶԳУǵͬˣһֱõСժҰ
ȻǱǰ졢ҲƷõˮѾǱ˲ˣǱƵһֻֻľͰƵشٶ͵Ƴǡ¶Ϊƾԭϵһ֡
ʵڲ㱣ģ͵ɹƣֻԱӦ
ƱΪ¶еɫƷƾƵ취Ҫܡ
һ̶ܼõصʱҰԴҲ˵˶ԾһܻӭĲƷ
ϾҪ׷ݳƷģڸ׸Ҳֻ
ȻҪԸͳһµͶµǮȥôͰƹƣѾƵ൱ˡ
ԽǹҸԽǶλΰĴм
ڡ
Ļɫ鲼ȹʵֱϴĸǣɵۡ
ţһ̾ͱܵͬһ۾
ΰèè񰡣Ƕʲô
۾ȴǿλһҫ۶Ŀĸ߹ˡͿػŸͷһӵԹ·ľʱվסˡ
񰡣˵һȫȻ޷ܣλĵ£ôۻ
˵ڵǡλϸֱֻۣԼһ֣
Ļʵ̫гԣ˶ʶغһ㡣
Ҳգʱһֱ׼شͬһطĽǶҲһģһ鿴Ҳޱɡ
ȻܸͷɵķӦͺܼˡ
ˣˣˡ
Ҫ˲ܺϱĴִɣӦᱻһͷ򵥺
ƫƫÿһٿȻһ֦ζǵҶĦһġֱһλֵ׳ںͯߴɪɪ
һСۺͷ˹Ҫǰ
Ȼֱƺڹ˵ȴѯЩˣǷԸΪЧ͡
ʡ
С߽⵽פǣͶȥӵĿ⡣
˹ֻɨһۣͲƿߡ
ܼұֵò⣬ǲһûȥǡ
Ůˣٿˡ
Ȼ߽ǰԼüֹ
롢ˡ
ŵľëë̴̵İ֣Сֻ£ǡ
δ˵ꡣ
䡪
һǶмֱ춯ءʶؼгȴǲ죬Ȼըˡ
ɴۡ
ľص˵ϡ
ͬڵϵģбǿϸĸ첲ʮµô
Ҳ֧Ųסڸ޷УȻˡ
صľصײڵϡõǳ˼ҶɵĲһ¾
ɹİûİˡǻԼĲιۣҲûбʱļоš
Ǵص˲䣬һȻǼʮľ2ľ֣һսճռϵͳ
׿ˮĶһɣµسʣµľ׮Ӷͷˡ
ܿ죬ľãȻעУ˶ľ׮Ҳžѣ˲ʧӰ١
ȡԭȵĴվǰǿϵģС硣
Ȼ
ٰǵľߺ󣬰˳ְѸյõľһˡ
ţ¾ε㵭һôٴλĸͷ
Լʱпղͷ䵭ѯѾĿĸˣʲô£
˺ܾãֱԼ첻ͷˣľżŤ˽ӲĲûʲôǳǸҡˡ


200 
ô˴
ԡڻƻʱ, һֱͶеź֪ʱķţǲɫؽͳϷ
ûèèߵĳ籦飬ֻܿһָ
һ쿳, ѾȫָָеЧǸߵþ, ٶҲƵϷɿ졣
ĵĹܾŻʣ10%
ϸĽ, Ǿٿ, 3%, ʹǻȥɡ
ƶüƻ, ͼᶨȥִСһˡ
ֻǺγԱȵģһľ㶨ڲԶʿˡ
Щӻعߵһ𡢸涼Ŵĸ߽ʿ, í˾, ҪΪĿõСԡѪսġ
ǰս׺ݵ˲ͬ, εĶֻһȺɥ֮ȮǿҲ˿ûС˼
μ縺ŵ, С˵ڴ
Լҹִɺһʱϻ
ʿǣҲڻĽҰȡʲôˮԴֻڴҴææϻظ׸󣬵һʱиϴԡС¸
ǵýɱ, ҲԲԸݳª, ô߹ǰ
Ƕʲô
˿֪ڰ֮ǰкüȺũܵͬ𺳣ֻԶԶţ͸еѪŭӿ
Ȼŵ˵, С, λǿȱȴ֪Ϊʲô, ܶС½һЩĿ顭
׸ʱѾС»ͷԿѵĻ棬ֻԷڵЦŲժ׺տ
̶ֳֻȵĻǻ̲סüͷһܡ
ڡ
˿ǿƽĿѵķŭޱǰ
׼Եֵİ˸˹ѣ¡
ҷĹܼǻˡ
ף
ĵʿڻﻹ˵ٿ
۾һһתȻͿȺڸͷϣ̬Եݵʿǡ
ҳϵʿǰ
һȷγÿһ׶ڣҲܹƵʿǣЦãлΰèèҼƽµع
һĵǵƽĳɹǿűܸղһĻĥĸʹ
ôС˰
ѵؿסʸ˹飬ǫصлΰèè뿪ʱĹˣ𾴵ĵ¡
ڰλȻߴࡢǳĬԵӢʿǰ侲
ȫûɽȼյŭ𣬸˵ͷ¶˴£һ쳣ࡣҶǵģͬǶҵҳһᶨˣҲȡеջ񣬶ҪҪĲ´ָȺúϢһϣΪٿϣϸεľʾɡ
ΪЧϵң𾴵ĵ¡ҶĿαʾϵĸл
ԵµļϿɺʹͣʿȻл
ﻹһԸղһĻ֣Ƕ鲻Խ΢䴽ǣͬʱֵ¶ϲͽ顣
ֺֻܿʹ˸ɫԷһ˼
ѵصʿǣûжһ䣬λֵĴȻسǱյµĻȥòͣȻطϴЪϢˡ
Ҳûͳͷȵƻһĳ嶯ʾ⸣˹ԼȥǱ
ڵ󣬺ʸ˹ĿһάСҫҳǰʿǳʲôԭ򣬲ؿŵֱūĴֻ
ֻǰȴдļƻ
˵ûиᡣ
ûдʿȥѡ£ΪǶԷбȽϽҪ㱨Լ֪
΢ֱ̧ۣͽԷٵˡ
΢΢ЦװȰ߰ɡ
˵䲢УʿԣĪ١
Ⱥԥشȥǣ¡
֮ƣѡһȲҪȡĹ°ɣЦӯӯ˵ɣҴϻĸʿҵȷѾȲˡ
ȻµʵĿġ
˫ӯڴƯ۾ͳƲ˵ЩĸʿǸ޷ġ
ڡ˵ʵǡ˳ŵµĻ˵һ󣬻ǺݺģðŻõʧķգ˵Լµԭ򣺡ʮֱǸ¡ܴеȷЩȤ£µԭʸ˹һЩ⡣

΢ȵգգۡ
λ֪ӻֺԼ˾һ˵˼пҪ˵Ļʵܣʱˡ
ѹˡ
ո˹˵ȵʵŵǸ׿ԽȴΪһЩԸϵص㡱һֱΪʿ
ȶŲû˿ŵڳʱԷӶԷָʾ
ڹʿ棬ҪҪĻҲʱһ棬ʿʮġ
ŵ֪ҺǣΪʿ˵ʿλʿ
ҲڵƲѣֻȺŵǼѡһ˴ߡһùµҪսľʱ˹ѡȵɡ
˵ĵս£һЩŵǸӦ곤һЩȸܳѹؿɿ
λܰޱעĿĸߴ沿Ƿ䣬͵ӢӲһèèɵоĸʿҲһֱǳ档
ȺٻյǰΪѵָӹ٣ڳǱĴԶΰٵŵǡ
ĻҲèèĻ¡⽫ԷеʻһֱûԼĺġ
ڵǸûᡣ
ӹһĨ⣬ȴ¶ʥЦݣеԭˡǣʸ˹ЩҲ𣿡
ȣ
ߴ׳ĸʿ˸Ϊѵľء
ûг̫ãȻѡʵʵʸ˹õȥЩ۵Ļƣʵ޷ܡ
û뵽ǣԼĻ󣬸˹Ȼޱ飬С´ǵЦ⣬ȴǸˡ
ɾԩҳϵĺùܼңװĸ˹ˡ
ЦһжΰèèĿ飬ֻͽʸĶͣô𣿡
üٿڣӵԵòĽͻһת
Цһغͽֻпĸ˹˵ǻɣҲȻģϾֻ˵˵ǡǣЩҪĸҵȻԸ̹һЩ
Ƶص˹ΰʾͼʾûһȫȫҿࣺʵϣλ󷽵ҿӦףΪҵԸߣȴӲҪرkᡢˡ
ڲȣ׼ĸ˹ֻݵһ£Ȼؽˡ
ǳ׽֮ǰһЩɻˡ
ǡ
ϦͣҳϵĹܼؿ
С½һʱ׵ҸᣬҪ
һֱʵ۵ƭõk壬ĸԸȥġȫ˵ʼء


201 
, ҹ
ܱǸˣ¶С㡣
һϸžδ, Ȼ³ΪƬյص
ԭʢŵõ廨Է, ֻǾ˼ʲôŮԻعͷ
ھһĥ¶Ѿһ⿴һۣжϳԷĴ䡢ҾԼĿĵıˡ
λͻȻŮ˵ŮˣӦ20ң⿴Ӧƶ߳ĺӡ
СʱӰγɵϵϸڣֻٵ͸¶ļҾ, ܹõĽ
ڻ, ǳһЩ¶, ȲѰŰ
ʶ¶Цݣûϵ, ʲôˣ
ܼǰʹԶĵ͵λ˵е¶㽵λˡǿŮô, ȴǋqжĵһΡ
, ŵüֱҪɤĳ
߽Ӵ¶Цݵһ, ͫȴ΢΢, ͻȻϮʶˡ
֪Ϊʲô
¶С㣬ǵЦ, ȴԼ˵, òλ, һЩơ
ڿɲǺ˼ʱ
qжϽЩͷϳԺĿİλ˲Ů, ˵Լոյķ֡
Ȼźµ˼, ˵ҲЩ, ȴࡣ
㹻¶Ѱ˼ʶԡ
üͷšţٿȻȷǳ˹ֵȥˣ
ǵģ¶С㣡
ԼѵİΣqж¶ֳӵ̬ȣһȼϣܴҵǣ
ĻȽ϶࣬±Ƚ䣬˳ǰˣȴûüꡣ
ܹºܿݣͬЩ꣬ѻǲԸ⽫ڶ죬Ҫڻؼǰá
붪ºѣǾæڸչʱˣٽؼҡ
ȴû뵽Ϥĵ·ںֻ¹£ͻȻô¡һ̻˵Цһ̾ԷһٵļС
˸ûüʶʲôһֻݺݶסļй󣬺ͷáţһӰקӰ
å
ˣڱܵطһ̶ļ󣬾ڶԷ֪пʼؿ񱼡
¹ƾԶԷĿ־ϤһϳǸ°ߺѵĶݣ
Ǹ׸ΰ٤µĶն
˵˱ø߸ϣסƶŮ޹
쳣̰ŮɫǰС¼ҵŮֹ⵽׾󣬾ͿΪѵؽЩС÷/ϡ
ĽջظȥƶŮҪüܻ
һЩĶسŵȷŮöΪꡪ֪һ㣬Ϊؿ̧ŮʧȥʶҲ߬öȾѪĽҡ
»ҲܾţвҵŮƹأֻؿͣѪʹȥˡ
ֹüκնĻʹƶߣûŮҵظȥˡ
նûзŹǣ¶Ѳ׽زصǵĻһȤԣѡ
qжÿβ̫Զȥ⡱ǳڶľ¡
λΰ׸ԭΰٱְˣնҲûʹˣƶҲڰ˺ܶࡣ
һжˣΪʲôΪʲôնֳˣ
qжᣬƴرš
۶Էû׷ֻ֪ԼԲܱץסҪضºѲܣʮԼͺѼǶںڰĵ˵Ķ֡
ΪڸղŵĲֻһƳ£ȷвֹһӰ
ҪʱܳĻѻоȣҪҲץסĻ˾Ҫһ군ˡ
Һãû̫ܳԶ˦˺ˣ˴˵е¶
š
¶ڋqж߳һС·󣬺ܿͲ׽˲ԶһѲӵӰһ֣ͽˡ
Ȼŵ׸Ǽ죬ΪܽǱҪԱΨһŮԣΨһΰèè١˵ȻУʹ
ǳ׾Ѹٱд֪ˡ
ЩūǴǰֺڼǡеˡĴڣڵϹϾĵزҲǿмӡ
νˣȻǹ壬ҪôڳǱְʹӻ£ֻ㹻ԣʿӽײĴڵ޽׹ϵ߾ȫԼѪá߹󡱵ˡ
ЩֵѲӵū
ͬūȴվǲĸλ¶˵ŮԶԴ˵ǵһֱС𾴵ġˡ
ǹѯţ¶С㣬ʲôԸ
ҪĲң
¶ʾǿ򾪻δċqжԼ°ͬ飬ǾϹȥ
ϵɫһ±ϾС㣿
qжص˵ͷ
ܿǰ·СҵǣԷƺʶqжѻᵼԼļƻ¶ûѰ̫ãҵ˱κͬⶪڵϵŮ
ʧȥʶƽµĺѣqж¶ϲˮ
ʱ¶ʣqжղΪʲôֱѰİ
qжסˡ
ҧ´۵ʹͱˣһλϵˡ¶С㡣ǲа취ģ
ǲ
Դͨåﱣͷĵظмǡֻһļ/ŮҲץǸ
ֻūأôܶԿˡϵˡأ
ȫȻĻ£ûеһʱȥǣնԼȴܲȥѰնס
ҪնѲĻͳûϣˡ
ȴܹΪնĸһλʿǵͽ׹塣ūðĻҪն׵̷ģ
Ѿȥΰٵְʿλȴû⵽ᣬڰƴԭס̬ȣӵеĵĲƸ͹ϵ綼õ˼̶ȵı
Щ۰Ķնܹʹõġ
ĻҲ鲻Խ߬
ʵǺܶⷬͬܵġΪūػĻᣬǳ»ԱкͶķԣȴǼµѵĨȥġ
ֱ֮ͦվάΪѵǵʦǸ߽ʿ
߹ʿǷǵûԶԴϳ̬ȶԴūɸѡѧְظܽľ飬涼Խѵ
ѵȻԸӣԶ֮ǰ󣬵Ҳ̥ǣ˸м
ֱһλϵˡʿĻֻ³֡
ҲһЩ¶߳ܵı顪Լʿʦѵ衣
¶ȴûĻݡ
ǡǡ෴ǣüͷ¶â
վֹͣqж
򵥵š
ǱڳͶҪСŮȴ˲ɵϡ
Ƕסˣqжǲ£Ŭվ
ԶҪԼûгԹ飬˵ܡʡ
¶˿ûиο˼
ᣬҪðŭĻ⡣
ʱһͷ/˵̵ķŭĸʨηǰ޴ͬ㣬ǣڶΰèè˻им֮ǰΪ˸Щ·ǮסϣλֱͦվƬϣҪĴ𣿣˽ʰʹǳŭ𣬶ٹģǵΪηʧܶȥԣΪʧȥװƣʹľˣǹʹǵ˸е߳ܡҪλѹĻһɱǣ


202 

նһӶôʪָ䲻Сմϵ, һסլķߣһ߶Դͷɥĸ֣㾹ȻǸɲŮūܲ
ǿɲŮūȻ, ƶЩ⡱Ůū硣
ลҮôţʼչĵЦ
հȻıǶ˻סѪȴö, ҲΪԼʧʲô
ܸնô, ֪ԷƢģһնŭǸ, Էͻ᳹ɥʧ, ˷˴ĸƽʱжǸʵĵľȲϳǵ塣
صǴΣĿնԼһλͬһȣˡ
նͽ˵ĶԷȥҽΣԷȻԶһȳһյѿ״̬ڴΪʰоֵĸ٤õĲ, λѾʧȥ˼Ϊն߶ȮҶη, ܿ;ټҰ˸׸ǡ
Ҳ֪ȥˡ
նŭȴеĲɡ
ԶԷ顱ô޴Ĵܷ¡ŭնеֻء
ڿ, , Էʵ˵ˡ
Դ٤ʧȥǸ߸ϵΰٵλãסլĿһƽʱΧնڵˣҲ½½ҽ뿪ˡ
ֻû뿪
֮ǰΪն̫ۻ, 类˼Ǻˡ
ƺرЩƽϵ, һնıӻ, һ⵽˵ı
Ҷġ
Ҫն, ƺҲһѰĳ·ֻһݰļһĶƢ, ֱӱȥԼԨ
˭ó٤ʧƴնӰ첻ν󡪡λһߵǰΰ֮ӣȻԶûгǸĸܵϵľ޴
ƢԽԽȥйĴԽԽ࣬ΨһԼߵĸҮޣҲǶŹ
ھմֳ̤ǰնһ񣬼°Ѫģ̫ѿʱüͷغǳҲɾ
ǣն
ǫӦţ֮ǰС˵ڲԽԽѪûôǱˡ
㡪ն⣬׼䣬ŵĺźȻʹ汻˴ˡ
źǸߴˣһøҮ޹⿴ļⷢϢ
ǰΰ٤¡
סնһ۾ڵתתһĨЦҹô
ҹ٤¸¡
ҮޱϹϾ
Ҫ⡣
٤䵭ûҮϣ߳նҲûС࣬ûնŵ˼ôϲܵĻǽȥùסһɡ
նסˡ
ڨڨǣֺõ𾴵ĸװѵˣŭ𣿡
٤ȴ׼ʲôֻޱٴǿ˴ΣȥùסһûǮĻͶ˱ϡ
ǣס
ҫնڸǰȴ˳ˡ
ٶʲôʵʵתţػشˡ
ðɣڡ
վϡٵĽֵϣն˿ȻԤ׵תȻһȴڸҮϣ

Դ˺׼ĸҮޣһ۵ƺһ
ҺնĸͷҪһЩеĲǴ沿ǽΪұۡ
Լ
ǰնոտԼԹ۵£٤¸ǰӵġ
޿ɾҩĴ
նЦţٴλȣոڸǰܵ裬ݺݵʩչΨΨŵŵȴʲôõĸϣ˭Ҹ׿˵ˣҪ޴ôܻᱻԴ
ϸݸ첲ľȣܼػڲҶܵϡ
Үʼֱֱվţվסػסͷ󣬾ͶΪƤʵĵطˡ
챻ñʱһ֪·ľԭȴĿⳡеĹ·ˣҴҵȥѲ
Ϊ׸ǺܴͬһʱѲӵģһ5ˡ
λ·ģǲŽˋqжκµŮ˵Ѳٶȡڷ;е
ܵ¶Сѵ󣬸еޱ߲ѵҲ¶ģҪµΰɷqжָϵӷնȥ
ȴû뵽ôҵˡ
ն
֧ʱӵĶӳǰֹȻҮʩնһλŮָ˺ͬ飬ǻȥܵΰٴ˵Ѷ

ն˻ޱȵ飬ŹҮ޵ĶȻͣȴۣСӳЦʲôΰ٣֪ҵĸססլ˭𣿣
СӶӳޱնҪܾǵĹ𣿡
ʲôֻǻɾ·ΪԼܶҺȥˣһū
նƤŵһİѪҺȻҶԹļ̳ô˵Ҫڹҵѥӣҵԭ£һܿˡ
СӶӳֱһ֣ߡ
޿̵ٿȻǰͽŵƿڴնס죬סˡ
λӳûܵĸҮǰԹ¹䵭ǵΪܺߣǷѡظ棬ҲҪһˡ仹һϮŮʿıме飬ҲṩһЩϸڡ
ԣҮ޵ĺ١
޶ǰΰסһᣬֿʱдžŭȴֻͽ͵ն񳹵׷̾˿ˡ
һǣ˵һС
۵Ǵˣسŵ
ƺЩ֣٤¸¡
һϳˡԵЩƺ٤¶
ԼһʽܻС
Ҳǰİնߵԭ򡪡Ǹı˵ʹƤ£ıһЩСǣɲ׾©˷
⣬٤ĵǹά˹شֵˣżҲЩꤵ˹ѰʳǳݵĴ˺ҧһЩʱǻᷢһЩͬѰġ
עҪӼС׸ǵڿҽƤƤЦⲻЦЩ޼ҿɹ顢˹λĵʹרעǸϰɡ
ðɡҶˡ
ɵʼ磬ЩװǻƵϼһ
Ѿ޵ҧгݣźǣԸܼе˲ࡣ
ǸзȨĵͽ׹Ǵ̣ǱĹ̬ȡ
ġ
ﰵҪǸӹŹ⣬˼׶ҡ棬ǼһϾɱĻҲǲۏ˻ˮġ
ǵģǹ󡢾͹ŻġҽԺ챧ֺöԷ뷨ȥӦȴûͨԣֱӱɸ衣
Щű߼ʵ˼⣬ҵ˵ҽ
ǡ
ǸϵͽҲʼռ챻һºƵĳǱΣò˵Ǹϵȷ಻ͬѰĵط
o
ҪеĻڳǰά˹Ů׼ôƷǰɲôòڶԷ³ء


203 
նûܴ衣
Ϊΰ֮ӡȻǰΰ١ȻбһȺūĵͼ, ԶԴ˵Ĵ³̬ץŽ˵ָָ㣬һ·һѺ⵽˼
֪ǣﲢʽļ, ΰŵ⿪ٵһЩϺõķ䡢ΪʱѺȴѶ͵ɷĵط
ŭ˫Ŀ, ֻסɿһ, һЩū̾ԻûжϹ
ȻģСӶӳƺʶԷ߹ݵ壬ŭͺȻתƵȴ˳Ⱥū/ลҮϡ
ǸСү
Ȼ¶ȥ, ͲپʲôȻܲ
Ѳ, ǿһֱϢٺһСӻġ
ȴĬûлȥϢǺϾһߵĳľϣÿʫ˱ݵϡ, ԷĿɳ͡
ôŲ𣿡
Ըв
û취Ϊʱֻʸɷץ, ûʸѶҪʽССӶӳһһ۵ػش𣺡ҲǸצġɡ
ڲ֪λƶŮĹ֮ӻ᲻ܵд, ʱηζȻںϷķΧڣöԷáöԷ϶õĺá
˶ĬЦЦ
ܿЦˡ
ȵȡɫ৵һ, ȻѵҪûǴĻƻʱ, ȸǾѾ˰ɣѵӦþǡȸ, ԴЩʿˣ
⻰һ, ջ΢ЦʱǣϾͶʧȥѪɫ
Ƚƽ׽ˡżǿЦŵʿΰٺʿǣµģȸ°
ʱηŵĸʿʱڻڡ
긱ʿĴ½󣬰˼޳ʳָָʶ档
úų̾һΪǾ侲û뵽ȴæڱֽˡ
ʱ£Ű̵ǿŶƽһյʿţĲһԲĴʵڰ֮ĸ⡣
һȷʵǳԾһǿһ֣ȴгǵʿαװġ
һװģزȥǰȥ׸ǣһȴɳʿװǿãΪ©ϢǸϾɱô˫ħأ
ѹֻм˶ӵִ˸׸ꡣ
ЩҴǣڵ֪Ǽó׵İȫͱݺǴתˡ
Ǳְֱ࣬ĳ̶ֳȴʮЧľƲֶΡ
һЩ棬ΪԼ޷죬Ҿܷ֣˹ĸеɻˣǴĵΪҼʹˣҲʲôҿǲɱһλ
˹΢΢֮ǰ鱨СɱԸʮǿң׸ꡣֻȲԸڱΪλ˵ӶڣαƵزԸ׵£ŲôػصıֶΡ
ﵽôģǱְĽɫͲö֪ˡ
ףֿȡ
ȽӴС˵ߺ󣬵ᣬԼĴ𰸣뷨Ҫ𾴵ĵ¡ֻԸؽҪġ
˹ҲڣȵĻĹ£˺棬Ϊ޴ĵΪصĴۡ
֮һս侲ڡҲҪȵ죬һ͵ڶūѵõʱˡò˵ҵһĺʱҲѡڸս
·ǱߣȻҲܾôǴ
úеֻǲʧҲ˺
ʯǽ˵ˣȥôܳһ񵱳ɶԸ׸ʱһ·ֻһ룬ɱѲӣվٽҪ󽨺áһսǾѵԴ㡣£ֻҪ׸Ͻڵ·ΣͿԻѲ߱ı
Ҫ򣬸Ŀŵطұ׸ó׵ı˵ĻЦЦ赭дҾֻܴҼƻٹ⽵ϣҡӵ㹻ھֱͬǿսˡ
˹ȶһۣŨҵս⡣
ĿǰĻá
Цؿ΢΢סȣҲһѾע⵽ҶһЩıˡԭΪһЩԵȴû뵽Ǳø͡׵ĺ棬»ӿҲϣ³䲻Ļᡣ˹ҪΪҲ飬뵽λʺϵġ˼ܣȴҳϿɿѡˡ
¡
ȵ۾βŵصϥ£Ը
Ҫɳʵѡ飬ǷıڽСǷҡҪóȻֹصǱû֮뿪׸ǵǼλڿҽԼδͨˣʧȥְЩº͵ͽ׹塣еķ֣ϱң𣿡
ǣ¡ףƴѩǣϵԣʵ˱ؽ㾡ȫʧ
峿ġ
Ծ׸˵ǳϣģȫµһ졣
ɶԱѺʱһѾɤӵնԣجһˡ
Ϊ׺ܿͻᷢԼʧ١ȳԼſƳľϵŸĸֻ࣬Ƕūвš
ںúð̣Ҳûܵȵȱʱڸо˺¡
ѵԼ
δôľһʱ侹Ȼ׵ͷ
ܡ
׿ֻһӰ
ץͿͽõĿŭȥϢһС󣬾ȥµѲӹˡ
ûбҲ뿪ӵĸҮޣʼնûκα飬Ҳûն
նҪ۵˯ȥʱȹر˺ܾõĴźȻˡ
Ȼ۾ٶ۵Ĵȴ˺һŷӦ
Ȳŵķ˹ȥһǡ
նķ
һλθߴĿ࣬ԳƵӢȴ񱻱ѩǣûһ˿һԣԺ΢ɳ֡
˫ûκβҲƽɨ
ҡ
룬һһλ߽ʿ
ҪƽʱĻӲԣһһЩ
һȺ³/ūݺץһ˵ĵضһĶӣʱͷۻЩԵŻˡ
һʱɥʧ¸еǣŭλʿȻҲʿҵϣӦúҵĸ˭
Է΢Լش٤¡ķ
شնֻ˽ŵ򿪣ʾն߳
֤Ѿڸڷ䵽룬Լе̣ΪԼѾҪͷŵնһ»ˡ
Цһ΢΢͸Ų̣ؿץסԼ˫ֵᡢƺҪ⿪ΪͿԳ׸ҵð̫ˣЩūǸȺū޴ˡ
ʵϣٸնʮӣҲԲһλǻԼվŵƬϵ
ָġˡʵǸָʹ׽طСӶӳ
ȻûҪƱĽ͡
˵޴ˡʵ˲䣬סöҲãλޱĸ߽ʿҲãһ˲ˡ
ſ
ȺȻڡ
ǡ
ԥվˡ
㶵նٿڣһᱡȼ׹šȣڵʯ䣬ֱ

Ҳû뵽λ߹ʿ治ɫһ߷ѥ̤ϡ
պϵ챻ز£·ѵնۣ޷ֲʹҵ˻
ȻȻɺ޵ʿԴһؼ̤ڵϣ
ֻǾ档
ȶԣȴֻǵ㵽Ϊֹ
ƽջ˸ղ̤ڶԷϵѥףնţһ˺ѷεؿ޺һ³űݺͼѪˮ
ҲȫȻûһԵĸҮ޾ֵĿ⡣
ƽȵģΨɱʿ֮ӡҪðĵµĻٴĻڴʿģһڽ֮ڣۿ㸸Ѫߣͷ­ء


204 
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ڵȴʱ, ؿѣСĿ𣿡
ǿǳնǰΰٵļ̳˰
Ϊǰɲεǰΰټʿ, Ⱥ۵ĵײ, Ǽֱڲ͹ܼ˹ݶĿ´ˡ
ʿǶм, ЩͼӽɲС壬Ϳ
Źµĵ׸ɲҲȥ, ٤¶ǵȴôͻɢġ
٤µ϶ǣҲἱʱ侮ʯ˭֪Ǹ϶ô, ׽ԼְȨ˶أ
ֻ»ҵıѻĲһӴɡ
ǵġ, ǿġ
qж߬ס˺ѱ, ֣˵
ǸԼû¶С㣬˴ǷĺǳĻһʱһηɣ
Ǳվ
ȻҲܺ, װĵģ, º͵ضĺѣǲǣһʼͲץնǸˣҪǲָ֤ĻѿĲͳ˹, ƶķɡͼάǵ𾴵ĵ𣿡
ƺǴ˽յ, õԴԴϵشݹ
סؿڣ, ˵öԡ
Ů˵Ļ, ȽյĴžͱ´ˡ
߽, λߴͦ, žһ߹ףηʿ¡
ǲ֪գȻҲʣֻ˫۲ˣںµؿˡ
ˣ
ǱƵͷСޣոչƺһйעС˵š
qжûлشֻŴǣŬװı顣
׽סԼſµ֪ˣǸиҮ޵˵ġʱǵĶ̲ס¡
ȻڼնʱŮ۾鲻Խصɴˡ
ӡһԲѥӡѪˮһڻҭҭǸҵˣƽʱŰն
˶˻㱡
ϹϾ˵ȸ£ˡ
š
䵭վ˹ܶ
ΪʿȣȻҪÿһС
չ°䲼·ɣһЩСľףͨɵʱִڵλʽӳС
ҪǱ߲У飬ͻ븴׶Ρеģǵ쵱ֵʮλʽӳȡľΪ׼
ȻϱΰٻʿԲеĽ׶ΣΪ
֮һʼУնǽڹƽ֮ݡ
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ǣ¡
Ȼվ˳ɵؽ˴¶С㿪ʼqжָٵҵŮϷԵطҪҵɷ·ŹһλԵ顣
˹̣ܶޱѯʵΰèèʥĹģղ˵һжǾԵʵûа𣿡
漰Լŷo˹ܶɫЩ͡
΢΢ǰ㣬˸ʿʦڵġ׼ǣһһٵԸԼλʥĴġа䲻ʵұ糾㸲𣬾ʹ˲ڡ
ףؿ˷Ů֤˲
û̵֤ҲãƵӷҲգ嵽ˡ
ûӱսѥ̤ĳʹع񣬻л㱵նֱǸûüйԼƶŮȻָʱȻѣŭˣ㾹Ȼҡ
䵭һƳ
ûֵ߷ԣ졣
նʹǻŭҲʵڲٳһα˵̤Ŀζˡ
۵ȴųĳޡ
ɹñηԽԽͣԽԽ
ڋqж£ᣬ˵ˡ
ովŲԤеĸҮޣ޷ӵˡ
ΪǳеˣɫҰܵҲɷվ򣬵ʹͷؽնĿ⡣
ֵqжʱüһζûпŭɶնûܵǶӰ졣
⵹ȶЩĿ࿴΢΢ףʾͥύ֤
һն̹ȥ֤ݳ㡢֤֤ԣѾȫоȣ䵭ѯʵǷԼʩӵıУնҮޡ
ҮСӦ˾䡰ǡնںس˳ǣڳϵǡ
ֻ˶ںƶŮѡรһڳԼ//ļ/Ů˵ʱûгɹˣҲǵҡ
Ȳɺ޵ʿҪʲôֻϽ뿪ط
š
Ҳܸɴ࣬ʹñֶֺƽŮԣȻδ죬̬ȶӣڸĺչʾǸ⣬˰շɣӦնҮ޴5ġ2öҵķ𡣡
н
ʲô
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ȻҪΪ΢ı/Ůؽꣿ
㲻ܣ
ͨ죬ŭ𾪳ԺֱӸǹ˿־壬ֻ/Ů𣿣
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䵭Դ˸мɣǹµĿûȨô׼֮ǰȽйѺȥ
ڷɸǰаԵ֮󳹵ɵۣ޺ķӦûԼðʵϣӺƽʲôǴöΪСˡۡ
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Ҳû뵽ǳᵽɧȻļ̳˱һȺū׽ʱĶ
ʱΪȷԣϧӶȥסܻӻˡ
Ҳ͵ܵسﻮ԰ıʱԼĶȴԷҳݵצ°ˣĪĥ
ϲնǸ˶ѥӡѪһǱӣ٤ֻнҧסأܿסĲ
ֱǼ衪նģģǸƶļƻģҲǶģ
ȴû
ûж࿴ǰΰ١ָ׸ߵʿһֻۣĿԼ֣Ӻš
Ǽһ飬رԼͶӺš
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ǡ
õȷͷ󡪡ʹ⿰ƿңǼ۵¶һĨϲԵ˿
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ֻؿԼƤϣһ졣
ȸֻס
ۡ
ȴ˼µ裡
Ը壬εơʹĵƺǳڶԵƶ·ɵ֪
ߴĸʿ΢΢ס
ⲢǴأֻñһͷ٤¿ԼòȻʿҪǾʿķʽһаɡ
ڡĽ
ֱתҪŵصȥ½ϵһ˿ҳĴݶ㡣
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205 
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٤, ¶һ˿߳ŭԭ߬סֻ׵һɽһȲؽ˦˳ȥѾԼΪʿ𣿾ȻΪƶߵļ/ҷ, ʵһλͬƷ׵ͬ, ͲԼ˻𣡡
ڸ׸ΰٵλһô꣬٤¾ԲǺɫ֮ʿ裬ҲܴĦˡ
ɲɱ, źλ׷ʵ̫ˡٶòԹɫӭ, Ҳܱȵùԭš
ⲻζţԸ׶һλŸʿһְĸ߽ʿϥͷ, ˼ʵ඼ˡ

ھʼǰ, ʤѾϵʭһһĿȻôǿóѰĶԷĶ֣
٤յĻ, Ȳûһľٶ
פ㣬ת䵭ӡ, 
һ٤¸еëȻߡ
ƺļֵ, Ǵ͸αװ, ⡣
ҡҺ, ŲǼ/񣡡
ʱ, һֱĬċqжȴȻˡ
˲, ڳ˵Ŀⶼһ䵽ϡ
ʱ, ޴, qжǿֱͦ, ڲȴǰδеغǿҺŮǴС׸ǣ갴ݶ˰ûٹһöͭҵ񡪡ǴӲð壬ֿն裬ⲢζţǵݣڮһλӵԸͱСǿꡢշֹеʿ
֪ڶһλ¸صʿ˵ʲô𣿸ġġ/ĴŮ
ۿŸȺȺ/Ů裬ն־嶼ˣˮץסһһö񶾵﹥Ŀ꣺Ϊ㴩ҸŮĳȹװǰû·˳ˣֵֻöͭңֻҪöͭң˭㣡ֻһթĵùҶѣˡ
ô£
һϤȴЩȻ֣ն̶Ľá
ΪʱЩȣЩѾһµֻͥӵ
ȴû뵽ô֡
һ֣ȵʱ¶صϥ¹հ𾴵ĵ¡ѵĹʧôδмڵְ𡣡
˵ʲôأװĸʿ
ʧЦŸսһµ㱾ӦúڳǱϢȴҹᣬǲЩҵļƻУϵְѾ๻ˣͥ񣬾ȫŵǸɡ
Ŀ¶߲ѵ򴽣׽˵µĺ⣺л¡
ĻĿɨɫĳиˣ΢΢һЦҪû´Ļ˶ⳡеĽ𣿡
ԵĻ٤¾ԲһҼôӡ
±ѡ
ҪˡĴ𰸺󣬲ϥΨһļ̳˽ꡪȻͨɸ෣ǰͷšĿֲ/ǿдͥľٶҲ⵽ĳʹ
ŸǿӲض١
תһ룬٤־ãǸĻᡣ
ն16꣬ճΪʿӲáҵǣλΪ˵ʿʦڲ˶԰¶ս⵽²ڻѺڳǱĵУա
նƶߵŮλƢȻǹЩ񣬵Ǽġ
ɱɲĴԣ
Ȼš
˵ڳǱߣڶԷפǱĵͱˡ
֮ǰһЩǰµͬ˹ݶܼйء
ȻôĴԼĵ˶ɱҲܶն̡̫
Ӣĵ°һ˵ǰ㡣
٤ǰһϥ¹гֵɻɣһҼ̳˵ıһСնΨһĶӣҪļ̳ˡȻ֪ı֮УܽجģҳʧȥǣðҪʿľٶʰˡ
Ȳ˵Щ
ʾ⸺¼ĹԱղŵм¼һ߷ɿ췭ģһø˻صϯС
٤¶նֲ̿۾󣬹Ͼվһ
ն۰ѳˡܿ쿴¼΢΢ЦҲȷȸʿд˰ÿһ̶ϺҲǰƶ·棬ϣҲû˽͹صκκۼ
ⲻܣ
٤²ѿڶ
̬Ҳ׶
ǷϰĻһһֱԼĸ˹ȣٿȻΣ
˹ޱԼĽ٤µͫ䣬ݷĶߡ
ѣעԴǣ٤¡
٤ҲʶԼʧ̬ظ߾ί˿飺ٿһ۰ɣ𾴵ĵ¡ȫնܸ氡
£ҸûŮǸƻС/Ůһָͷ
־ȻҪ׿ڶͽηն
ڶɹʮɲһԸ뿪ط
ͷŭӣһݵصŋqжһָסŮһ/ŮΪҵˣΪѱҪЮҡ
˹סڡ
ڲСµüͷ΢΢һ̣Ͳ׼Թˡ
һϣǱ֪΢Ц֪ʲôʱѾʧӰˡ
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ˣ£նƴ͵֪ǣŮǼ/ŮǼ/񡪡
ڸ׸꣬еϣֻй壬ū֡ƽְҵࡣйʿʦȥѧ㣬Ӧúһǡ
նƿԡ
٤µһ³˹ȵס
·λµ֮ˡ
Ȼܿ˵qж񣬶Ҳ񣬶ǹ壬ն
ɡ
٤µޱȼɬ˫Ҳнճȭնʿӣǹ֮ӡ
ʿӲǹ壬Ӧ÷ǳδʽΪʿǰֻ֮ľסźûʶһ㡣Ź棬ԡ/񡯵ȴʻλȵĶԷӦü̷Ŷԡ
٤½š
ôͬⷬ
ĶӡĶӵҪԣôƶߵļ/ܱȵģ
Ҳһ
նΪԼѾ׹ȵʱȴλβ΢ƺʲô
ѵǡ
۾һ˲عܣΪϣٵԼϡ
Ȼֻü󣬲ûж࿴ĸһֻۣסߵʿȹѺⲻһ̡²ǵһôȥҳܺ߰ɡֻҪƶɷµУ밴ɷΡ
qжסˡ
նҲ֧Ųס˹ȥ
٤߬Ŷӵĸ첲Ϸ֡
ȴĵֿȻϷţǾͼקû¡塯Ŀʵ
ͻص٤ߣؿŶӱôʹͱ֡
٤ĿʧȥʶĶӱߣȴ¹ڳվЦϯϡ
ؿƵؽҧţ۾ضƵԸӵľŭ𡪡
ڿʼһС
ȴûдϯǽĿϣ٤£㹥ײ֤ͥ㹻ȷ䣬𣿡


206 
٤Ҳ뵽, ԼҴҵҪȳĶӣȴ˵ϵ⣬ֻζԷ׸
ײͥ, ƽ֣֮Թ, ȴءðĲƽʿƽǸ߽׵Ĺ塣
ҲԲǼ򵥵ؽɷ𣬾ġ
٤¸˫˫, Ҫܱðλʿʩӵ5±̣, Ҫڼס3졣
, ԼǿҼʹ
նลҮ޵, ȻҪࡪάȵԭСȻ, ⻹ǽնϲﰸǰµġҪǺռ֤, ܺҲԸظĻֻ᲻ϼأܸߴ20ޡ
qжҲɫ㱣ô, Լɹظһλ֮, ۿǶԺаԵǰΰٸ澡ʧ, һͬҪǡǾȻλoһ·ֻңԶĴ˵, ʥᣬȱңԶ˲ȥӽĴˣ
ͥ, վΰǰʱ, Ůһ, ÿһͬƶ, ҲʵС
λԵһ£Ȼ֪ԭ򣬵϶ʵʵվŵˡ
찡qж
ɵԻعˡ
߬סqж֣ǼĺΣ治ǵжˣȻ˹£ˣʹˣλ߹ĵ°
Ů˷ܵ㵸ˣѹⷬ״εĻҲſڵˡ
ǽܹϸѵִʱЦȴ̲סӡ
ǰҲһС
qжҲãԼһ亹جеĵǿµξɢˣů˽
ͷϵǶƱɢͷǺܿġ
ܼǲ˼ĸ߹ڣǸеȫ񱻾㣬ҸС
ЦŻһɨ֮ǰɪģֱܶһим
мԼС㣬л¸ҵ߹гλõƻõĴˡ

żƬβԺطţ΢΢סˡ
ΪʲôܸоԼʹˣ
öҲЩϤС
ܰ
ܿͷ
ƯüۣͷΨɵ貽𷢣ϸŵˡֻҪһΣͱȻӡⱲӶġ
ǰôƶۻֻ࣬΢ӽԷһΪ̫Դոаɡ
qжЦҡҡͷǸ̰ý޳ܵ뷨׿ˡ
ΪʲôҪԼصһСα䣬λĴصأ
Ǿ͸Ƕһ޶ġ
λΥأعϣĿˡ
ͽλƶܱߵķɣŰǰΰƿԡ־ܵˡ
ҹյǰ
Ǿõˡ
ֻһСλǵСӶӳ˹ܶ˳ﻹ
򿪿ɡ
һ˵һѡ
qжԻضһۣСĵؽˡ
岼ݵʱǼͬʱŵۣһڡ
澲ŵġȻһƥҪ1öңƽʱ᲻ĽΪϸ鲼а2öң
qжֻһ̵ۣ˰ͼƻȥǲҪ
Ƿ˶ǵ⳥˹ܶȴϽӣ͵յƶɷ˽ɵķ𣬶ᰴһܺϡ·˰ɣ
ɷܵõͷǾѾмˡĿİ˵ǲҪЩ
Է˵⳥Ӧõġ˹ܶЦţİɣ֪ʲô˲ʧʲôġôõȷΪ𾴵ĵ׿ȴΰǣ֮һӷ˼׷ֻ˵ġ
ˣqж֣ǷӦø˵ġ
СʱҲȥ飬׽һЩء
ǵȻ֪սķ𣬶˵ĲƲֵǷǮأ

û뵽СŮôִòó˵˵˹ܶһЩˡ
һվڵ͵ЦעУ΢ͷͶðɣȵţһȥʾһȸ¡
ȸ»û뿪
˹ܶܵʱȸ»ڣҲڣ
Գɵ̬ȵüһ¾;ˡ
˹ܶٸͷƤ飬û취ӣֻùǼȫ㻵µС½һΡ
𣿡
ݵİЦˣû£ȥ˵ɡ
һȴ˶ˡ
ȵüͷøˣԥôͷ£ȥɡ
Ȼô˵ЩԲ㣬ȣ̿òӢϣҳϿɿĲ¡Ҫȥ˵СŮĻ룬ܻЧɡ
ȣ
˹Ĵǲźۼһָֺ̣ܿƽֱĻȡ
ȹܼҿڣѾһŵķȥˡ
ԭصȴŮٴӭ˿ǵ˷ܵҪ赹Ĵڡ
qжϣ¡΢ЦţﷸзܺߵĲɷӦõЩҲǶǸվָ϶ͽͥŵļν
ģ¡
λò˼˾ţqжоԼĻǶˣ˵ҲԾشһ˿øС
ʱɵûԼϵ¶С㡣
ܺƤܲԼĳޡ
΢֯һ´ǣ˵
˵ͷѾ׵ȥˣҲԽԽСĺܱǸ𾴵ĵ£Ҫ¶С㣬ҡһ
΢ȡ
ȻܿЦˡ
û¶ʧɫûб䵭
qж
ȻڣǾĸעŵƤŮŵκͳ磺ҲͬĻȣǵĴҪǼı֣¶Ҳһǳˡ
qжŵ̧ͷλ߹ˣⱲӶǡԶĻΣһֱɷĥελ裬ǵʧְΪ־壬վҲǡֻһΣϣ¸ҵվԼҲδͬ˵ͬ顣
˵˴ǵЦ⡣
ĻĻ꣬ļͷҺܸˡõһΣһΣѾ¸ҵվ
һجΣѾ½
èè񽫴͸¸ŬŮճյ˵ҲԹҵǳŵֻҪһ죬Ҿͱ֤ǵǵĴڣ˺ԡҪģ̧ͷͦأȷķߡ


207 
ȋqжѹ, Ҵææػصﻻ·ܻعĵطʱ綼Ѿȥˡ
ǻǵһο
ǳϻ̳ϿֵҪ½һ, Էȴüҡͷõģ£Ѿʱǣûеʳ׼ôôˣ𡣡
αһ򲻹ЦĹôеعػ, ˲Щܳл, ǡܺá
š
¶¶һ, ûԵ, òҲ, ŵüͻɿˡ
ĵ¶˸ƵЦݵı飺͵õ֪ͨˡչ涨ǿԻȥϢ, ɡ
ŮһС
էȻõôõĴǵĵһӦϲؽܣǸеӻֲ̿ˡ
õģqжͼ˵ûˣҲѾˡھͿԻģ
ڼЪϢĻûнİ̫ҪǮˡ
ҡҵܶǵˡ仰ҲǸеʮֲѵҪʧȥݱĹ
ƶĹ涨, ڸʾд鷳˽Ļ, Լȥһۡʱҹ, 뿪ǰ, ϴʾܾǣ, ȥϢ֪ڵʲôİɣǹǵģϢڼнҲ٣Ǽڣ
˵꣬ͼҴҵظǸȥĵطˡ
ôһ涨
ҪĻЩ˶ԣδҲõ̫˰ɣ
ﲻ˿ĭң㣬Žع涨ĸʾǰ
qж̫ˣҿ
Ըоɥ
qжҲеȻ
ȻСʱȥ飬һΪŮԵݣѧϰ֪ʶǳޣΪҵܿû䣻Բ£͸˵ϱϵļƷˡ
qжС˵ǻȻȥɡ
û취ʵʵЩϧ
ֹŴǶԣֱǱһõò˼飬ǻǺܿѡŹ´˵Ļҵķȥ
һţһܵ˵Ż˵ȷ¹ȳǶèèǶᱻȥѧ
qжҪˣйˡ
˸߲ҵ˼˵ԼѾ16ˣȥˡ
Ȼֻһ㡭
ϣȥѧѽûʶqжʧ䣬㽣أԻõδѧĶĲףҾʽĳˣ
ʽĳнˮЩҪˣһÿʣµʳĻؼأ
ţ
qжû˵ԼѴ˳ĻӦ¶Ѹ˵Цݡ
صʱ͸ϲط֣ĸ׾Ȼѵõţ
qж
֪ǲ̫ˡ̫öĴڴ˿̵Դĸ׵ɫȻǰҪ˺ܶࡣ
ˡ
֪Ůһҹδĸ¶Цݣ̧֣Ҫ֧ҡζϷԼĹ̫ˣq
qж˳شսǰȥڴĸ׸Լļͷ
øȷϣǲԼǴˡҫ£ĸ׵ķɫĺˣһ㽡ĺ
Ҳģ衣˵üֱԸӣæ˵ˣ컹ûҩȥ󣡡
Ҫι˯ҩĻҪܶ࣬ҪѵʱԼ£ٺòˡ
ֻǵqжɱСǵģⷿﾹȻ׵СһμĲʵ̫ˣȴסˡ
ҩԹˡ
ſտҲĹӣҽǰȥһҩʦ裬ң
䣬һķһϹӴǮһ¾͹γȥˣֻȰ΢Ц
Ȼqжһ·ҩʦڵλãȴٴδסˡ
ôһҳµꣿ
·ĺͯһ㯵ԭվ˺þãڵԱĿѯѹ
Է΢ЦѯţλŮʿʲôҪ𣿡
qжܵضЩƽʱܻװͰ͵ĵԱеЩ¡
ؿԷ̬ȵתʱӿֳһĸо
ǰ
ǸԼҸĹľȹӣÿһĺµ⡱Ůˡ
֡ǋqжȲǡСӡҲǡļ/񡯡
ΪʿӵնҪҪ˽ȥ
һĹ׬ԼǮ
סխסԡůµУ¥ſڻкܶȦ·Сԣʢɫտ
ϲտ
ôһ䣬Ưǿž졢ܹĻ˵ֲµأ
Ҫˡ
qжԾֱͦ˱򶨵ʵʣ֪ҩȥ𣿡

Ȼǵһαʵ⣬ػشǰͳ׹ص˵̣תҵĹˡҪҩҽȥά˹شֶʱҽԺһ¡
ʱҽԺ
ʶʣqжͷ
ǰͨ˵Ŀ˵ҽȫ﹤ء˵ҽԺʽǰǻһֱͣֻǲܽӴ˹ҹÿ컹ǻġūȥȻȵģǋqжñȽƯԵʣ̲ס˵䣬ͼڣҵĵܵǰΪǼҲɾĵ̺˲ǿǿõģҩҪֻ˵ҪһЩˮˣ
ޣޡ
qжЩҵص˵ͷԽȷǾԼ֪ġǸطˡ
ȻĻѽ
˻qжһǼѡϲؽеʱһеĽѵá͵ҵĴߣ΢Цķ羰
ԣǹʮֳʵġǽ˹ԤǲǽõˣȥһУּλ¶˿ɹķͽиıŮԡ
˰ѷµǶǰΰٸӵ¼ͣдЩʵĸ壬ʱúһɱӺ
Щ߸ϵĹ壬ֻżھԽеľضƶ·ɳš
ڰóʱȻϸ΢졣
èè
ͷ֮ǰѾתȥͶ˯Ĵˡ
~~~
һֻ̬ԳƵϷɫӢ̣ƿͶδ½϶㳤ؽ
ǿѽ
۵׷ɿӹһĨʧΪѵÿèèܿ¶Ц
һ۾ϳ¶İèƽʱڵѲӡ˯ģȴ֪ôܵǱˡ
ȻҲϳ˰ڵõɺһ㶼ֱҡڵ߽ˡ
ڽӽýһӯţ˸İſı
¶չ˵ãëˡ
һǰȻͬķĸ̾š
ָмõĶޣֺճ˵è˭ܿܵأ
ԴèèѾܾûߣèµȻ̲סˡ
Ȼؾó˵è䡢޷һ찴Ħַůڡĺ׿ʼߣ
˳ϸ塣
Ȼëס
ֱڡһֻ˺̺׵ˮ
ΥҸУһֻ߽ʱʱΪܶϼڴߴٵèһģѯʣ·𣿿
ӵ͹ˮɫƤëèèȻܻش⡣
ز˲ֱۣȻط˷¶ǳɫƤȻ󷢳˽ġ
ڰסջ󣬼̽ǲ֪뻹èʱ͸оԼϵģһ̲èȻӲˡ
΢΢һ㶡
ߣèĿеʱҲ֪ǵߡ
΢̧ܿۡ
ͼǸߴèo֪ʲôʱ˹ʱڴϣɫЩĪ⣬ĵעϵè


208 
¶è
ظоoſȥӿɱ, Ϊèèĵڶеȣضôһ䡣
ЧҲͼӰġȻŲƵϢ, ǹèɪɪĿѹǽˡ
ܵĪŵĿԼһԾ£Ŀ𼱻ǵʱ·ߡ
վķȥǰĽoһԵӭ˹ر˻

ǵͳġ૰ĺһë׵, Ķ
̬ȴһ˿ίͲ
ϲڵk֮, ȸеЩ̿, Ʋסһ顣
Ҳû뵽ԼֻǾΥߣһι·èȴλԴ׵ץ˸С
èè񡣡
, oסԼԵЦ⣺֮ǰԼ, ҵ⣬ȥ𣿡
oĴƽֱ, ͷϵè΢΢
ȥˣȴװû
, ¶è֪kװɵİסЦ˵ѾӢ˧, èè, װ, ҲΨһˡһֱ˼ŵk, ֵķ羰޷ˣŻ𣿡
ȻЩȡõˣoԭɵشĳβͣĵ
ѵkЩСıսȻǣסk֡
һһֿӵ˷ֿǰ顣
óµèèСµķʣӦԵԽ;ִ١
ڱŭĵkȫ˵򣬵kһŬȻţһô͵ģܵ˱Ƚ֮һʱ䶼뿪ˡ
˵k˶٣һسŵڵkµʵǰһҵkġʱٴɢһΡ
εľ飬kҲˣֻҪɢöԷֻʣһԴĻû취ٵˡ
˿ʣһʱ䣿
ġһʱ䡯òǡ
Ȼèèһ̹Ȼٶꡣ

ȷʵȫҪˡ
ûλʱ֣ȷҪĲ١
⼸һֱڳߵèè񣬰ϷȻҪöࡣ
ȴûȫèè˵Ȳ˵浥ĶԷܲǿԷסԼ飬ܿkȤڸ׸ˡ
ˣһ㡣
ȻصĴ
Ρûľˡ
е֮࣬ǻ᲻ΪһλԼˡ
ΪèèʹìܸеʮֵǣӶӰϷϵͳǿϢ״̬
֪λokǰɫģͥԺõ𣿡
Ƹ֮㶡
kɫأػú󣬸˷񶨵Ĵ𰸡
ǴֻҵĻɡ
ʧЦ£鵹Ǹˡ
èè׷ʵ˼ؽԼμİɫ龰һ顣
ȻԽ˵oԽ࣬ܿսǰСᡰᡱš
kԼдĲʱȻܵҪ㿪kǳڹԼĿĵ£סˡ
ö֪ǣͬġ顯裬λֱèèԶڼʮУҲ׾ٵͨͷʶɡ
ĥĥؼһ˿ˣС˵˽ۡ
ϣûoϢ
kƶ
̫ˡ
¶˰ĵ΢Цǳ׷ˡ
Ļع飬˵ľãʸӻҲΧӦӰˣ˿
ԽڵòҲһ޵ķɫÿλǳĬԵġ¡վһʱǸһԿ޷Ƶгء
ʱһζ
ǱķΧƺ׻ָƽֻмԼע⵽ʿԴӻ󣬽ǱĴҪǰƵЩ
׸ڵĸɵؽţǵӹæµʵϵЦҲԽԽˡ
ֻ˼ǰվڳĽײ㶥㣬ȴֻؿ˻Ű峵ɿǰԼȴԭⲽĸ̣һЩ߽׹Լǰˡ
٤´ûԹôĿͷ
һ͵ʿͥûƲֵܽãȻϸ񣬵ƾĲԹɫļɣܺ׾ͱŪȥ
ļУƵϡһʱ⣬Ϊʿ׷ʦμһСսֱۣһǴˡ
سΪʽʿͨӪԾΪɲߵΰʱһֱţûгĿ
ȴû뵽Լչ40һ꣬ȻᱻͶ˼ߵ

٤뵽Լܴܵ裬еĶն԰Թޱһµִ۷塣
뿪ǰɫϵſڵԼĵη˺͡
Ůӯӯ۾ӷꡣ
Ͼ档
侭죬ʱķ·Ѿ˱ı㣬پˡ
ȥ˵
̵ضôһ󣬾׼õı񣬷סķȥ
Ȼû߳Զز׽·޵ͶĿ⡣
ⲢϾϲһٵĹά˹ؽ֣˴඼ѡĻûжװκƻա͵Ļ
Ϊʲôô˶
šü
Ϊ
ĩʱǺȵģر硣
Ϊҵԭ٤¶˦ӿٶȣܿصס
̤ڣŸоЩ֮ͬҵĿ⽥ʧ
ġ
޷סǻŭֽճȭһ½ҲǾµľƷ˸飡
⧲ĿһĻķˣʱŵüһ
һ̣ɷľĿУȻһĬĬʣµļʻȥˡ
ľͷϸϸ֣ܵѪˮʡ
٤ޱؽַϣɪɪΪ׵İ֪Щʲô
ķһ߿ţ
⼸Ҳڼʲô£
˵ڼʱƤܿƵس鴤£˵ȫңа©
⻰СؿһۣȻȼСܼҵ˵ͷ
ǹܼԿƽʵſ־Ť飬һһʮس¡
ԼҪ־磬Ȼͱ˸ף˵λڴֶġǼ½ĴԺ׫д籾׼°ǸΪƽŮԡһܵѺĳͷĹʱ
Ǹ޳ܵģ񶾵ħ
٤֪ڻ·ϣϵΪʲôһֱԼˡ
Ҳ޷ˣŭɶһ߷ӣȻȣһĿ˻ţһһͷʹŹôôôôȺ/棬ΪʲôЩң


209 
, 侲㣬ҵĺûơ
һȻ֡
ʶʱһ̻, ׼ʹŹͷѪԵ˵٤, ٿȻŤͷ
ע̬е, ŤƤԳ鴤, ǿһĨӲЦ

Ӳ, ˻Ѫһ, ˶ڽ䡢ŬСԼڸеķˣһ̴ٵļС
ȥ
ͷ
Ƕʱɴ, æ˳ȥ
ֻܵǸ, ΢һº󣬻ӲͷƤ, ˵Ƥ˱ñ˵Ǹùͬ顣
˵ǣǿѹסŭ״̬٤²ûĶ, ֻ
ҲڴõĶ, ϾضһѰζһЩģ㱻ؽλСηܲĥû뵽ɫǲ, ܹʲô̷Ǻİ, ҲܵλСʴȵշء
ҪӹԹ߽ǶĻΪҩʦ̽ճġѡ, Ƕǳġ
٤ȴûô޴
Ȼ, ˵Ļûд
Ϊΰ, סڼЩǵù, ûбϤЩطˡ
û뵽ǣ׸ǵһŹȥ˶̶µʱ䣬ԷȻݳ޵ֻҵļڲҲ˽츲صĸ졣
˵ԭȵļħԸӽĻڵļֱǰƶ߻Ҫɾˡ
ȻÿҪɻĻȵũū࣬ʳҲƷĺ
ᱻԱ
ڸɻʱ򣬳ǹ͵ǲᰤģ̷ˡ
ҹһ󷿼ʮһ˯Ϊڵõһ㡮ŴֻҪ2˷䡣
ʹޱ޺䵽־İľǰδе裬ǲòһ㡣
ҪԼΪϤġǰļĻڵڶ죬ѡɱˡ
תͷ٤ûнӻֻעϼ޻ķ
ֱαƵļһǸ̬ļЦ¶Ϊֹ
٤¸£ܸ˼㽡ҾͲٴˡ
̵½ñϣ·һˡֻΪȷȻһ
ֻȫ٤£̤뿪Ĳǰ˾䣺Ȼû⵽Ͽ´ʵĻӦÿһĲ²⡪㲢ûΪ˵ӣͳǵļƻɣ
٤¶ʺ⡣
֮ԼææصãֻΪȷȻץı󣬲ıļƻ¶ѡ
ȻһЦԸһ롪ĵ֪תŵĶͷڸܺö˶˵վ类ߵЩȮ˺ˡ
ǿɲһΪ⻰еȴԸɶԷⳡƤϵʤ̣۵ԹһĨƻ󣬷༥ϾһôΣյ·ϣڻȡȫʤǰǶҪЩСĽ𣿾ǰǸϣҪ㵱ҵѣͲĽˡ
µ٤˵󣬷΢ñӣŹĶԷ顢٤˸򵥵ĸ󣬾Ͳȥˡ
뿪٤µסûмŻؼҡ
һȦһƽʱ˵ġɾ߼װƯĲ˶ٷ
ڿƷĥһʱ󣬵˻ƻ裬һͨһ̤ϻؼҵ·
ֻʱϣѾû˽ǰЦݡ
˭֪ڲڸϵһλˣһصĽ̸
Ǹ׸ǹĻ᳤޵¡
ΪõǱĬάóĹ᳤޵һֱŲĿڱ
³פǱʱҲ˳ͨ˿ˣܿͱԭְ
ϲеĳ붼ͬһϣѺ٤ϣһ㶼Ҽ·ġ
Ҫͨƣ򵥣ԼķʽԼķգȻ
Ǽʹ;׿٤£ûûݽƻǰҷԷǸѡ
Ȼ޵ȴʧˡ
ҽԺеڿҽҩʦɻԴϣҽǱ̸У
޵ҡҡͷ֪ǱλȫûǵļƻûƸǶѡ
ûѡƸǡ
ֱҪװɵ㶵˵ЦˣЦˣ޵¡Ӧ÷ǳǸҽԺǾͲˣеҽҩʦʧҵģȫΪǳƿɳܵĿԣͨǳԵģȻһڿҽûУһȺ˷Цͷʦ
޵µȻݿͣʱȻ˵ǰìܡȻܹǼҽԺ﹤ģȫЩѧĴôʧҵأ
һʱ
ܿ˵ȻΪƻй棬ԣǸҽԺĹطȻѸṩҽΣ
޵ȴûбؾĻƭȷҽΣҩﻹҪǮģҰԼҵҪҩģҪһ֪ʶͼ
ҧҧ˵Ǹ裬һֱ˵ʵǲҵҩֻϴԭϡ
ֻҩԭϣ
ʲôЦǸ׬ʲôǮǳҩʦȴΪһЦĿԣһˡ
֮ҲͬĻ
޵½ʧȥġ
λòºͣԸȴԲóìܵˣʱ΢΢۵׷·˸ǵĹâ
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ҵҡ
޵治ɫػشš
ѾվʼȥˣֻƲһ䣺ȴ޷õģ𣿡
Ȼ
޵Ƶ뿪Լ˳ҲϽӭȥ
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ô˵š
š
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΢ۣעԶǿҪױɽûϦȴܲ
˶ϲ֮ǰԵҩģȴֻи̺͹塣
һҪչ٣ʱȴԲֻи̺͹塣
λˣжǿ̫пյ˼룬ŶÿƷĵġڸ˵ǲԾһĨЦĿǰΪֹһУȷġ
ֻģز׽ֻƬеţսЩСѯʵʲôԸ𡣡
ȴЦеһֵ⣺ֻ룬ԼҲȷķʱӦ׷Ӣ쵼ߣһǰ˵𣿡
ܲ׻ľ˼ͻǺԥص˵ͷ˵öԣ
޵ʣȥҽԺ𣿲һʣȥҽԺ𣿡
รȻͳʵǰĸȥһأһöҵҩǮ⣬һöͭҶûҪ˵һʼȹҩ󣬽忴Ҫöˣǿ
ҷҩԷҪӴ֮£ɵһ޽ҽԺȴ˰ƽѿ
Ҫ֧ģֻһ΢ҩǮᱻЩҩĵ֪ʶ̫˼ˣ


210 
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̴һӵ󿪼䡢ɴµľɵũӵ̴Ѵ, ųţΪ˷˸·ھϼ䣬ҲΪȵ͸һЩ硣
Ŀ, ¯ðŵʢ⡣õԾ, ĸŲϸܺȾ˺ɫ

ʱƷ׳ʵ˼Ҵҵ߽˶СǰԺһժñӸȳһԼȷ磬һϰԵúɤźװģһˣ
ȥϴɡ
ͷҲ̧רĵǹɹɵĭܸ, ȴÿѵӪ, Ϻ·ˣ
غʵɵЦЦͷ, ͰǽֻľͰ, ʵʵȥˡ
շ¶ͼֽ, ¢ڻֳɹ210һڳ50ھ
ҪĿΪ˹ȣʱ䣬ɼ̶Ϸūǵ
˾, ݾͽūǲŻȻʶ, ⾿Լ˶ıֻҪǰԼʹʱ䣬Ҽһÿ춼ɾľˮ
֮ǰܽӴɾˮǿõƿƿ޹ͻˮء
ιιʶǷŵֻͰ, ææ׷˳, ıӰõģ
ܿʶԼ, ʱߵøˡ
ǵġ
ֹû˵ʲôݼȥˣˣ̫ðСӻûǵȥ
֪ˣ
ܿ˴Ӧš
ܿǿھߣشͰˮ
ֱӽ·˸⣬һˮһߴϴϡ
ʵѵӪסʱÿ춼ᱻҪϴ裺Ҫ̫ܻϴɾģᱻʿʦͼѵ
ڶ̶̰µĸǿѵԭݲˣϴ¶ޱȸɾˡ
ЩϰߡũūʱǱ˵ÿϴˣһ¶ϴһأ
Ϊάӵ󡭡ҲȻġũūôһأ
ϰߵɣܿ˾ȻԽԽ޷Լϵˡ
ܿͳ裬ϴ·˳һ̳ġ·Ҳɾˡ
ܿ˰ˣ
ͬȡˮھڼЦŴ˸к
ܿЦţǰϴˡ
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ǵĴ£ֳķչ٣ÿܳΪһֳԱūŬضѧš
ǺܿҲʶû취ֳЩ֪ʶѧҲ˷ѣȫԼء
ϾɡūҲԼֻɣ
ܿ˺ūΪ˵һҡ
ȻϣǶūܿȴԼƳɹͨѵѡԤѾ˰˸ˡ
²⹦ֻҪٵ44£ܳΪ
нܿ˵
ϸĺѧڶΪ¿ǼԱÿҲæòɿ˲չ˼ˡ͵ڶٵĳ֣˴ͯÿֻҪӺ͵ʳ͵ûк֮ǵԼĹˡ
ȵĹȥӽӻ
нˮļͥԽԽԣֲȡκʽĹ
ܿ˺ΪĲ˺ܳһʱ䡣
ǵõ̫̫࣬һūܻͥġ
׸ͶҲʱԸΪôĵ׳ҳϣֻԺСӣΪʲôأ˼ȥ
ͬģͬʶԼҲȥѧϰ֪ʶͨūͥ
й۲˺ܾúǲսս˳һɵĺϴɾǧᵽȥ
èèĶͣҲǵµĶ䡣
ԼҪЩʲôūǣҲ֪ôӦԡ
Ȱ˵޹֮£ֻǱʾˡ
פɵΰٿʿڿŵ׸Ǻ󣬵õµָʾ
ʵҪʲôĻãֻȻǰɡ
շ¶˸ͼֽڸֳһƬƬ˵ʲôԣҪЩط
̶̵ºͳͷ׵Ļ
ŭŵʻūһſųмģҲܶ˳ƽʱȥĵط
ܿ˰ϴõ·šɺȣֱӾ͸ˡ
Ȼװ·ľͰǻŸ裬鼫õسȥ
ſļⶥϤСӰӭ˹
ҵСӡ
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Ȼûİְ֣СһﶼֻˣСǸֱӶܣһ¾˵˽ܿ˵Ļһֻץסܿ˿еֻˡ
򴽿˿ܵܣɴûȥֽ֣ӹ˰ְͰ
٣Ҳǣš
ճֺ󣬽ܿ˲ûкµĴӣǸ˵¶ЦţһСԼϣһס˴ӵ֡
Ӷʱˡ
·ϸ߹ھӴк󣬽ܿ˺ܿ͵ˡ
ӭǵģһġڵķˡ
㹻ÿ˶ӵĺǰԹߵ֡ǸӲʯ飬Ǹտģк㡣
污һ͸˹ĭԱֻˮļСʳƽȵݣԱһС鿾˵ҡ
Ƿǳģ൱ʢһ͡
һҸޱȵͣǵһ߳ԷһŰʦ֪ʶ̲ס¶Цݡ
ʱЩ°С˵ӵһūܹϵ𣿲Ź˲ʱ䰡ǰӻԶԶڵأ
ڣ
кüεǰӣȿ־壬ľ
ˣҲôõȻǰǰʵԼĻ롣
˼ǣȻܱԽԽá
ܿ˼۽ܽΪˡҪγΪֳĳɼһҲܳΪ񡪡ҪĻҪ7ݵĹ
ЩңԶɳϣ
˵ˡҪܺúѧϰԺʲôĻ
ٹ꣬ǾͲū˰ӵϸ˼ֺܿǺǵľ룬˵ΪʲôӵһС٣˯ǰ͸жҪúõΰèèΰޣ

Цҡҡͷٸɷ˵ʲôˡ
ˣܿˡ
ڿ극ʱȻʲô
ԥ£̲סԼɷ򣺡ֳһЩֵԡѵӪҲ𣿡
ʲô
ܿţһ̾һӣ๾ࡱؽǵȫһغһС󣬲ȥ
ǵɷЩΡ
ǳƵƶıҲѱԼԼĵǣֱ׵˵㣬ûһЩ˵һЩ˾Ļ
ôУ
㵽˵ʲôܿ˱һȻȻ˵û£
סڿ·ÿ춼Եñģɾ컹гĲա
ֱū
ô͹ôõӣôܲʹη͸мʱ׼һأ

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ȻܿڴӦûھȥһϰƻȥӺӣҲɡ
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ڶһ磬룬ڳ˽ܿΪһ緹󣬾ֳķȥˡ
٣СһǣϽҪȥϿˣ
ܿ˲ĴɤţóϼĴŽһСѡ
Ȼƿɾ䣬õȴһ㲻
СĶԺڴϡµµعһȦ󣬾˯ˡ
ܿȻٽĻѵӪĲЩ·ǵģȿֺá
Ӹľߣʳ𾪵ؿŰְһߺŸ裬һذ˵±ӡˢһ˦һ
ٳԱߵСͱͱ͵һС顣
ɣ
ܿ˻ع񣬵ؿ˵ĶӣȻһջǳݵĿ⡣
ԱĶʰ޸ɾϼһϵ󣬽ܿ˾ͻ·ǰھϰȥˡ
·ţܿﲻпһǰĻ˭뵽ڵˣȻôĲɣ
ǿ¶һ·ɵ˶ϣȻƵƵӴλõˣõΰèèǻۣҲ˵ذס˻ᣬһɻūˣ¹һסİȴӣʹˣѧϵݣÿֻڵһЩȽʡũ
Һڵǿʹˡ
ΪԼΪܿ˶ôţҪǰĻǺ¶϶ӣ˥İͲܻȥɣ
ڣΪʳ㣬󷽣û˰ˣĻɲūֻҪܱ½ܵĺԭ򣬶õԱĺ
ϰĺǿԸǷԸûûҹȥҹµȥûĻΪ˻۲һΡ
ҲǲһΣ˸鷳ִͷԼƣڿϽܽܿһҵİˡ

ܿԶԶؾͿǸݵϤӰ֡
ȻûתѾֻӦˡ
ЩҪ鷳ˡ
鲼Ƶ΢̣䲻˼˵ҡûʲôܻرģԺ䷿ҪǲĻֱӲõĲ϶߰ɡҲֻʣ㶫ˡ
úúá
ܿȻôΪðܺһЩڴӦ
ȻҲ°Ļ࣬Ҳż
ҪǰһֱûɵĻҲǰͰˣǻ伸ūȥĻõĽȡ
Ȼ衱ëһֱǱ˱ģݵġ
Ҫ׳ū͵Ļһλٷʳڶǻ͵һʱġǿͶƷ¡ҪһֱĻҲ޴ˣǻὫפء
ǵģɣ׸Ͱ¶ǣҲŽ̲ĵ
˵֮ǰĵظṩ㹻άֶԷֱߵгǣеʳ˭Ըߵһ
ֻڰ£ūſֻܹҪһЩܳԴĺӡ˭Ը뿪أ
ΣϰĻǿ׳ֽһβʱѵĽܿ˵ֱ̫ˡ
ͷţ󺹶Ȼ
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ϰԸоȵص˵ͷ
ܿԭžôȥܿʶǸɾʥĵطһ㶼̰ˡ
ϰ˵˶ԷˮͰ׼ȥˮϴһԼȻˮʱȻ׽һЩѹɤ˵
ҪǣԼԼģˡ֡
ܿ˶ʱסˡ
ҪƽʱĻûĻһֵ߹ȥԷһк
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ǰɣֵȷټ˸Ǵû˵ʲô
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϶ūʱ򣬲ûʶи˶ڸ͵ǼˣȻȻš˵йĻĲ
ֻܿһЩ϶ݣңҲϳһ˵
ֺУ뷽跨͵Ĵء
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Ȼ¶ĸ׵ȷ˲£Ϊ׵ĽܿˣôܲԷ顣
ҪǴȥٱĻ¶ĸףͲ
ޡܿǸ
ȥα
Ż
Լӵֱἰ󣬽ܿ˵üͷһšø
ϸ۲ΧźۼŲһЩøЩ
ΪǸӣǸŮ˲Ż뱨Լ֣ΪصһЩýܿ˸һǱҴȣ֪£˵ûһŮˣȻҸǵĵԽԽˣ
ǸŮķĵİĴһƵҲɧŮˡŮֶǸʵʵشڼɻģܻȥǶǿϸ˯һŴϣʹ͸ǽ
ͿϸɡȡūԣӵȻԽԽõġ
ʵϣһƬٵ£Ͻֻ䵽ԼͷϵĻƵūҲԱǰҪ̫ˣֻҪɻܳԱӣ˻ᱻϢüտء
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޷̵ǣԼҪؿǰԼ˵ԽԽãȴһֱԭⲽֱԼĴ㻹Ҫܡ
ŮҲҪȥ
µɷǸɻǮȻǲɷֻԼ֧ģ
ζţҪǷȥĻǵһô̲װʧȥһū۵ĶԸ⣡
صĻԽԽãԼһвңԴǸ¸ЩˣֻһŮ˺õĹĴ
ȻһİȻ֡
ƽѵĽܿȴԵĹƻͶ⣺ΪʲôʲôȥССرһºôҵĹүأ


211 
Ǹ˵Ļ, ͵ĽܿˣЩɧкҲͷһ
εضŶԷ˺һ󣬴زŴ˸, ɰͰ͵˵òİɡ
ֻǲ̫ƴŮ˵žһԹ䣬ȴðҪΣȥʲôģ
ǰǶɧ, ĿùԷػǰɫ󽣣ʥ龰, ζȥԷжˡ
ʲôЦЩǿŵĳԱ, ôƾһ֮Щ˵İԿ
ǺӵĿע, , Ǹղ˵ëȻ˲һۡµЦЦ, һ̯ԭ˵, ʵһûҪ֪ǷĵģǶ, ʵһֿõʴȡ
ˣĿǰΪֹ, ֻصĵ, һϵûаص, ȴǿĹƻԣ, ĭǰﰲ, ǸϷƭ˵ЩǿϻûմѪ˱Ϊūķ²ҪԸ, ǸɵĹ
˵, һ, ЦҪֻһ, ûʱһЩǮơʳߣȥеĻѵǼֹܱԶҪõֻҪЩطȢƯūŮƽŮӣҲǲܵ¡
ص˵΢һ󣬻侲㲻Ҳܿͻᱻ֣ץġѲ߱
ȴ˵ΪûüȫյĳĻһ©û𣿡
ҪǶЩ˽⣬͵˵ĶԻĻͲ˵ô֪Ŀ־ˡ治ɫ˵ŰٵĻλȻǹΨһܣ̰˰¶͸׸ǺѾΪĵˡһλжԵĹܻʤʶ֮ǰѾ鲼µˡЩ޴أäĿ׷ˣĶһҪһȡġ
СΪĹɵĴڣġ
ν͸˵ǣȴǲ۲۵Ļѻ
ӵϲҪСƿ˿еʹӦӭǿþٹʿŵİԳƵѾǹĴˡ
ǿ׷ˣҪȫ󲿷ЩĻ޵ĹıȥԸһǿֻͨ/ɱֶΡ
͸Ҫʱȥ̵棬ʵ̫ѸͣķӦ̫ٶۡ
ȹʶǿвʱȡĴʩʱЧǸ׸һλ۵ҩʦѧͽأȻڰ£Ҳܵ˶ʦָʾڿݳɹɺͽӴˣʵ̫ˡ
ūҲײĴڣȥЩҲʱŲй¶˵ݽз˲ѯ
ЩԴտյķҲƭɿĶ
ȴصٽˮ㵭˵ţҪʲôͳᱻˣƲŮԶԶں档ܹϺӵģֻصΪǸƯֽƻĹЧĴԶֲǡǻūС紵򣬿ֳιԵӲʱȴסڿľݻʯɫש飬ϥµĺҲȥѧÿ첻ܴŸɾ·ɵĹܳԵ
ʵȴѾܾúܾû͵ζĴص۾ֱðĭˡ
ص۾µµת£ƻô˵ǲӦȥֺ˲Ŷ𣿡
Ц£۵ԹһĨȴȻ˵ǵȻûܵЩƭƾǵҪԸȥĻôܻ
ؾ֪ܲԼֻ͵͵ʲô˲ĵط
ֿͦǰ˵ڰ¶˶Լﲻеʮֵ⣬Ӳỳ˵ǡ
Ҷظʱ˵ǷҲƲסĶġûסʣ˵Ļᣬʲô
ȴûش
ȻȺ̰ȴųӲļ//ūǲһǵҪġ
һЦҸʵĵط˵ɡ
ƺʶԼ̫ãڹ֮ǰкǺܿһɢˡ
ܿ˲뱻Ƿ֣һضεĵطֱһ˶ûˣŵ߳
񰡡
ûֱıĺʵˣѾͷѵ߬ľͰ֪ôá
س˳ϣȥǵĺǣȻؼȥˡ
ʱһֱֹﲻ֪׸ò˵
룬Ȼһ㣬ⷽҲ޾飬ʲôõĽ
ҪȥӪ߱Ӫ𣿻ֱӸ߹£ΰٴֻ֪ߣֱͨΰ٣
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ܿŲŲƨɣһθоôʡ
ңʹ֪ӲáܱΪˣҲûṩ֤ݵ£޷ٱɹġ
ܾԷԼһҳΪӡ
ʱֻһ͵ˡҲͬʱζţֹֻⳡ˵նı
Ȼֻ֪ҪĲˣʲôʱ﷢ʲôȫһ֪
ΰèè񰡣Դһ֪ȥϴʱʹͷҾô찡
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ʿĻᰵб˵ĿԾͷǳˡһҪƴʱΣϣԷԸţȻ߾裬סǡ
ڽܿ˸¶ʱȻһİ˵
ܿˣ
ԷС㱻ϴˮǹȥȴܼ٣ϰˣæ
ʲô
ܿһ
⼸찾̫
֪ܿϰǾǿƢʵǲͶ·£ǲԼġ
룬Ͻץ·ֳѲЩǮץһѷڿڴȻһɻ˵˾䡰ˣȥ󣬾ͷسˡ
ѾˣֻһݵıӰ⼱Ҵҵߡ
٣ȵҡ
ܿţһæҵذѷǮҵĴӿ˩סһǰ׷
ž
һ졣
ƽʱԵͻأʱȴܼĴ׸ǹȥ󣬺޷Ľܿ˾ͱľش˺ףһʧȥʶ
èè񣿡
˯ǰɻؿȻصo
ڱ£˫Եİ
ȻֻΪkŭĪ⡣
ɰȴǵkЩЩɣȴֲ϶ʱеض顣
ֻһͰصȴˡ
ֱ˫۾ָѯʣʲô𣿡
Ӧãû¡
èoתת䣬شš
kվز׽һ˿ϢƴĴèһȴΪԷһʧʧȥĿꡣ
kȻɳǵҲ˼ԼʶϾñȽԶϲŸմݽߵ״ָ̬kû̫ңԶǳĶ
kǼʶµģǡҪעһж԰жˡ
k֮ǰ׽˺ܵļƶ⣬Ҳ߹Щ˵αװݱϾֻǼūӴ̫
ִڣͲȫžڷʱѡ׽סмءµļҪҵ鷳
Ҳ⡣
дŸʿŵʱèèõ˵˳ȥöԷ˶Ǽ˵Ķмء
֮Ǳһֱƽ˾èèҲû˵ʲôͲûйעˡ
kոһ˲䣬ƺ׽СµĶ⡭ʶ֮ǰת˲ʧӰˡ
èoȻƲ㷲ذkǲ⡣
Ǵ򡣡
˽⸴ӵģo²Եɡ
һȱö԰ĻūǣܿͽԹָ˱׽סĽܿˣȫǶѻɽʳϵԵʡ
Ƹ֮˼һ󣬾һˡ

ȵkò˼ЩͲط֣Ѿ˰˯ŵʱˡ

kԸʧشֱ׳ظԳߵҪ˴ǡ
ر˱İİ£Ȼڵس׼ȥҴ鷳ˡ


212 
ܿھҵʹġ
ѵ۾, ֻһƬڰһ±ŵʧˡ
ôˣ
غһߵؿ, ۵һƺߣϾǴŶЦôǿ׳治ǵʱܱѡԤ䵱ǸС߹ū
ǴĺϰصһǻֱһȺԵŹ˺ܾãʱĽܿѾǱˡ
Ķ˽ţֻʵرϳǴص, ˵ʲôȴ
಼סζҲ˺ö, ǻﻹȵѪҺڲ
ס, 
ܿҲûа취ˣȲ˵վʮū, һʤƤ˺͹ֻۣʣһϢڵϵķݡ
ˡȷҪʱ˷𣿡
侲ѵ
صӹһĨη壬ȴǿţߡ
ֳܱں, ǹ⽫ڽܿǶ˺ü߹ǵؿڴĽţһƿˡ
صȷǼɵģǲﲻõİ¶, ȴ֪ΪʲôȻȡԿ, ѲߵĿ϶, Ⱥ˽뵽
ʱ˶ûָȻ˸͵Ľܿˡֻؼʱزˡ
ܿʵѾ㹻, Ⱥ˶뿪Ķֵһ, 뿪ȴ֪, û, ͨƵķʽ뿪ˡ
ҪȷϽܿ˵ݣ˵ټ򵥲ˣֻҪٵҸһܿˡֺסַһ±ū˵˳
Ȼܿ˻ĳﰣæҪǻѳưĻһ˳ƭ
Ҳ˳
ز֪ǣ⻹ֻʱļƻ֮һԭһЩ跨ͨèèһ͸߲еġ
ɴӹµ̬Ⱥ͸ѲӵƵʣȴԼѾչֳһЩܵԼȴǶūӡ
Ѿ¶ˡ
һ󵨵Ʋ⣬ԼǳҪ£ʺϼäĿðա
뾡뿪
ʵڲľôһ޳ɵȥתΪɿЩѻ˲԰ūƻ֣һЩҳ
̫̰ˡ˱϶ùĹңұ˴˼ģһ˿ŵģزüͷһõڳ쳣ϢǻĵһӦһǹرճšǵϮһЧǶô࣬ôܻƭùǣǻῴ𣿡
ɫڨڨȴ˭Ҳ᲻÷
ǵĻҲܲ㡣˵ҪŪһĶ˭ܵ
֪ˡ
ȺٲȻͷ˵Ĵس棬Ȼؿһۺ󣬻ѡĽ顣
Ҫʲô
ò׻һĽܿˣӳٶ۵طţȴȻڵһʵϣѪģ£Ҫؿڻ΢ȥٲȻһʬ塣
ڳǶǼ˷ܡֺ£ûں㺦©ķ²
ڵȴһλĿ϶ʱǽѹúܵ͡ӽ̸ĻﲻǸ֪ҲԼǲǱˣֻһڴµȻҪԼµʳ
˵ˣܸṩµݺ·ߣߵĿȥǱأ
ȻҲ˶ĺӡЩֻҪȥİĳУǾһסլֻҪ˰סһ꣬ܳΪˡ
ӳû뿪ɣԡѧϰǲмһ˵ūǣͲ֪뷨ж಻ʵʣŻᱻ©ٳĻƭˡ
ˣܿˡ
ڿĵȴ뿪ʱڵˡ
صָʾ£صȼǼնԷķԸƳɵļߣ뿪ǰýصز˲ȽܿԴϵ˿ڣͺúŷǸЦèèǲܱ㣬ӳⳡɡ
뵽ܿ˽ҪԵĿֲ龰̲סֻٺЦ

ܿ˵۾ȻţȻ֪ҪʲôԼϵѪζڸǲסĽζ̡͡ȴŨصĲԤС
òǡ
űϵĶ󣬽ܿҲû취װˡϵʹת˲ͿĿѵһĻ
ͣ𣬻ʳ
ΪԤĽܿˣƲϷǳϤô⸽ѲӹǺܿϳԼķλˡΪ洺Ķְ
ڴص˵ļƻǼߵĴӻʱ䣬Ҳһ˵ע⣬Ϊǽܴ
ڽܿˣ
ǻᱻѸӿĻƻǻڼӳΪɷ˽ϿѶɡ֮ٲܼɵصʲôԤˡ
ֻҪŽܿ˼ӭıˣصԽˡ
ʱĽܿˣȴǰδеѡ
֪ԼǸһֱǸֻһкܺõŵڵӭ˳׸ıԼһ˵
֪ڻʵʵҲס»ʲôҲ˲ΪûȥӽЩ˵ļƻ߳ٵ޴ڡ
ֻ֪ؿ˰ʳЩŵĻյҪˣҪɣҪƻҸȺһóѣ
èè񰡣͸
شűºס۾۵׵ӳǼطٲʳߡǰȥĻ⡣
ȻϵʹһڵϣΨһܻĽż⡢°ͺؿĦٶȣߵľͷȥ
ʵ¾ŬҲ׷ȼյߡ
ƴ
Ȼߺܿ챻յ˾ͷײϱһʳϵʱȻڸߣŷһ˶Ļ
˵ʱʱ졣
ۣܿŽߵĻ⣬ԥþϵһ˿Ȼһ̧Ȼ󡪡
Լǹһ㱡µţݺݵذһȼĹ̻ϣ
ûܶȵķҲûĹߡ
һֻ̣ʣԼѪ֮

ϺѪⱻպȽζǰδеľʹļ쫷صϮ
صĽܿ۵û鴤ˣͽ͵ش죬°صסյ̫ɰ˵
ǿҪˣǱˮѪˮסģǰɿӹĻ棺Цк۾ԼһδӹԤƷȥǳ˶ԱĴգèè羴
֪䣬Ѿӵйôˡ
ļ䣬Ƕڡλ߹ʥʹ΢Цſ佱˺һش˵ݸһöΪĻ档
Զǣһö׸ıԼ˵ļ

ܿһ˻šҽţһԼǿ־סһ˿
ǰܿ챻̵Ļյÿ͸ˣλļҲʹ鶯š
ױ۾ʧȥʶǰҲȻԼؿ档
ǽԼһɳһŲ֪ʹɳʼգûйƫơ


213 
һûӵ
ΪذйūȺ۵춯, 츺ڰЩʱһСӶӳʱϱΰٿ
ֻΪ̫æسƽʱֺеĴص˻һ⣬û, ڽ𲢲ߡ
ȵ, ƪ󣬾͵ϵ´ˡֹӡֱʵʩץ
ȥһ, ûܵһʱ䲶׽¹, ҪڲסصмѶԶûҪߡ
εѲܿͱ, ̰ر˴ʳͲͽǵټҲܿ챻֣µһʱɢӿˣҲӲ洦ɼѲ߱İΧ
ƻȴ׵͹ɳǵر, ȫ⵽ץ
ֱֻǱŭȺΧ, صһȭٺذڵ, ۵Ťһ, ɻһ¡
ǳƻתע, ɧִΪʲôʼûз
йزصķɡʶԺ󣬼ͽ˾, ƴŲ뵽ⳡƻˡԼ
أ
Ǹ֪, ֪, һģ
ʶΪʲôô챩¶ԭ󣬾ͷ뷨, ֻʼձܿ, ʹҪ/ɱҲ
һֱĬ, ˿Ըй, ҲûмŶʩӿ, ת˴صˡ
صľڲᣬΪȡΨһص˵йͳƵȿֺˡ
ʲô
Ϊ˷ֹ©ϢסһλԤ󣬿üͷš
ǽѺصʱסˣֱӴϽԸȥ֡
Ѳߵ·λÿ־ĵģκ쳣
ֻҪٿһЩͻᷢĹŵġ
û˵ѡ
һ˴صĴš鱻򿪵һ˲䣬ľһɻ˺صѪԼһɴ̱ǵսĺζ
ɲûЩ
ԼǼĿ⣬һǵ˯㱳Ŵţſڼֻյýڵϡ
˭һۿѾ͸ˡôصˣôİܻ
мλãһ̯ѪмŶѵݡƬѪǾ߱սʬŵģͨһĿĵѪ·
ʱƾǿ־ǿԼôص㣬ٴųԼѪ֮˼緢ϡ
ΪסһĴۣǱĻȫʹ࣬ǳ׵
˱ۣ˿ȻһԲժԼñӡ
ǼʿӣҲĬĬһľٶ
Ȼסؿڣ
Ͼ⣬ܿ
Ϊ壬ԸĵλūԤӢսͬ߾⡣
һѶͺԥشèè˹ڵŸˡ
ִɺĵһ£ȥܿ˵ļУ
żھӣҲĺѡڵ֪ܿ˵¼ǰݷʵкܶܶ࣬էȻʧȥɷڼıʹ֮УȲóҲûκӦ顣ĺǱ棬Щ˿Ϳˡ
ô벻ףʱģЦǺǵɷֻΪ˽ȥϰæΪʲôԶػزˣ
ǵҸſʼ˲һʱ䰡
ڵڼȵĴ£ʱչ˺ӶܶµĺҲ֪˷ʲôϣְֻھʱ߿ˡ
ܿ˵յòҲ̶ãˡ
ûֹǣʵϣڿɷһ̣ΪˡλĿɷƬĹУΪɷİϢףܱΰèèٹӣ΢ȶһЩ
ŵģɷǰμֱģһЩյĿȫǵƷƬ
˸ʱûκǰŴ򿪣ľš
ˡ
һλھӴε̾˿λ齻˸󣬾Ծվ׼µķÿʹߡ
Ǹڷǳܡ
Ÿմ򿪣ڽӴǾ˵óòȻֹ
ūۼλΰ˶֪ӵһͷ΢΢ܳģõ۳ɵĽ𷢡
ǽ𷢸Եģ覵ľݣ΢Цԣʥᣬͬõɵʹ
ֻҪǼˣԶ
ûˣҲһһ۾ϳĶǵֻʹŻӵС

ɴ۾һƬհף;ʧ޵һһ¿סˡ
һʱʶ˶ԷݣҲ֪ԼӦ񣬿ȴʲôֻɵ㶵վš
ǰǰ¹˹ɽΡķ˹
ճյŶԷöĻزţϣܸһ
ΰèè񰡡
ڻعص˵ͷһţһ߽Ų鸡ػص˷
ȻδǣԼʶèè񡯺վλӵгѷ׵òĹ˵ߵĽ꣬Ƴһۡ
һҪ۷Ź⣬ס˲֪֣ˣˣ˾Ȼˣ
״Σȴ
˶ŵˣʲô
𾪵ø˵ķӦȴʶ졣
ʶعѾվſڣսսλ߹ĵˡ
ˣѾεΰٿУ֪ɷ򣬽ܿ˵Ӣ¼λ㲵ũᵽ˼㣺ҳϺ͹ϣɹرɳŬɹػ˵ƲȫҲӰ׽˱ɵͽҵУǵʳ󣬵һй׶ֵ塢ͺǣΪ˵ǣҸұ֤Ҳᱻ
ӰպĲмԤ۵ġصԮڰǰնõġ
һʷĽǮ⣬ÿ¶ܵõʳӽԼҽƷĲͬ£ɸѡ棬Ҳѡ
ӢѪᡣ
ǣһֱŵȴʱҡҡͷ
ʲôˣ𾴵ĵ¡
ΪȵĿɤɳƶɬ־ȴǳᶨ
ǴϵõģѾˡǿŶɷ˼ͼûıʹ˵˽ĻǿѾȥĶ
ѩסҶһֱͱȽһ̣һֱϢ
ܵõϿɣܿһģѾ㹻ˡ
һֱǫصͷũʱ̧ͷȫ˫۾ţܿĸԸȥģ˽Զڣ˳ݺ͸мһС
·ֿǸԤƷ˵ÿҪ裬ﻶǺһɷ
һֱԼϵƷΪ١֪䣬Ѿ⣬ǿסʣһһٵ˵ţлϿɣ𾴵ĵ¡ұȥҲͬˡ˵֪ҵɷܿˣֱһ̣ԵԼϵǼƷ
֪
ϱԴ
ҲѡͬһĻĻҲ޷˵ȥ
˱ۣˮھ̶£Ҳ䣺úãԶΪ١


214 
Ļ, Ĭã֣ܿ˷ǵûйƷƷ¸Ҷҫ
, ĺܸл, £
Ҳ̲סˣʹޡ
ǵλܼ, ûм˶պĲ˵ĵصӺתΪС, ϴǰȥ
ӺܾǰͲ꣬Ҫýܿ˵õϢֻٴèèΪ·ˡ
װ, Ϊҹٰⳡʽν׼ʱȻûпֻÿһö𶧵вè, עߵo, ΢ЦҪˡ
ߴĽoֻ΢΢ͷ, ȻĴǣҺ⡣
İСº, oȴû˿ס, ðҡҲҵĳѽ
ڵk, ȫͽķ, ҲԶԶkҲȫͽԸӶ
΢, ȻЦӦš
ǵkȷӦؾԼǵĳС
ֻڵkͰء
ҹ
ܵ׿Ľܿ˼ˣڲ, ѶϢԷǰ, ĬĬؾͥԺ⡣
С, ܵΧһȦȦ̳ԱߣŭŵĻ
һڵҵӣı˱г嵭࣬ϼϿȣֽż
ûֹǶèèĤݵľٶֻվڰɫʯɵʥ̳ԡ΢΢ף͸۸߰ΪĲ촰һɵĹҹա
ĬĬˣĺǣҲԾģ˵ž׵ҹա
Ȼ
īŨžĺҹϿգһöĹ㡣
ͫٿȻŴˡ
鲻Խס˺۾ƴ׷ǵɫǹ⣬ȻۿĹâԽԽʢԽԽ
һʼ΢Ѽϡڸ߿յǣȦɫԽʵҲԽԽ󣬽ظǹǵ⣬һֻССԲ¡
񰡣쿴
һĻȻҲǿ
Ǿȵ̧ͷעǿòͬѰƺľҪö֡ǡ鲻Խָ֣ԱǸһʼʵġ𽥱ԵĽɫӰ
ĵȥĽһֻɫè
ŷӵèèβĲƸ֮ɳԽԽСèë׵ĿɰˣֻǸĽɫӰҲкܶһ˳ϲЦǴèѽ
ֻƤزŪëèèһֻɵɵġèƺҲҹ紵ţˡצӡɵعסǿŲͬѰǡ
ԭվŵǣͬõԹԵظڡèԽԽˡ
ҼƵΡ˵⻰ģ԰¶ˡûͶĺĿ⣬ֻרעʶ龰Цһ˸Уһص¶ĵһҲһֻɫĴèźöС뿪ء
Ψһһ԰¶ˡ
ڶͬһʴȿͳΣ·ͨбͰȫ˳ֵıϣ֤ͨҲϻͨɡ¶͸׸Ǽó׺ԱԽԽƵ
ĻһЩͬ԰¶Ŀ澰ǣҲ¶˻΢Ц
С˵ŻڲȴޱȰġ
۶᲻գרעעǿŲ뿪ġǡ
֪Ϊʲôڸղ׽öǡĴʱǻٿȻޱȸԾ
ؿԶϵʱľ񱻸קһһһۡ
ʱһֱĬȻˡ
ֻ򵥵˵һ仰ǽܿˡ

ӡ֤ǵ㲻ϸĲ²һ±ӿ
ƶǶĺǵĵע£Ҵææס˱ˮ߰ʧȥİİµҰްʹ
ôصһ˵ţʹèèı£ȥÿ߹ȥĹԺҲעǣӻǡ
һŰһƴĿ׷ѰɷԶȥ꣬ʹͷʹ뾫ȴ档
Ŀã¸ûˣڼ߹Ĺǻšһū꣬Ȼ롤¹˹ɽΡķ˹Ҳǰι꣬øпɹ󣬸⡣
ܿ˵껯Ȼţֱҫ۵ңԶģʡ
ܲǰһУǵ鶼˼رƽȻעȥ
ף
ͻȻ˾
ǶˣԵԹöɢ䣬½š
Ĺâûܵκεļһõɱ䣬ΨĹмɢ䣬øӿˡ
èèĽͺ󣬰Ȼһ۾ϳʲô
̬Ȼܿˣĵ𡣡
ȥʱǻȥļ䡣
Խõļ䣬ǻԹͻʢҫۡ
ȥмɫĹԾֻܸ߹ƷµȾصϾ״̬
ôɫ⣬㹻֤һ㣺ܿǰȷӵõĻ䣬÷ǳ֡

鲻Խر˱ۣĬĬèèš
²֪Ǵʲôǵȴò˼飬а澰ⳡĶǵС
עΪҹ
һʱٴμʶ˵С
Ľܿ˱Ϊʽֹɳܾ޴ʧ޷ȡݼν£ļǱ棬ӴūݣһԾ
ʹʵƴţǵõһ50öҵӴΪÿ»ȡ1öҵĸ²ֱ3ӶΪֹ
ںǶ˶Ϊ׵ܵÿ6öҵĲֱΪֹ˵Ӵ˲κιƾǮҲܹϲˡ
ڽܿ˵£ȴûﻭϾ㡣
ܿ죬ڵġαУ˶ҳݣǹڽܿˡūԤΪػɵĲƲΪػ˵ҸȻ˱ȫϣʹҲȫ֮⣬Լ˻ƵĹ¡
˵𾪵ˣڷɶ䶯ˣʶ˵¼Ȼܸèèڵʥǻһ𣬵˶ҪѧϰĿα
α׫дڲֻѹեһˡȻʱİػڸ׸Ϊϸͼͷţ/ܸɡ
뿪ǰһΪ֣ʵڲū򽻵߱㹻ѧʶı׫ţ϶Խ̲Ľź޶
һλ߰أڸ˵ҪʱеޱȲ˼顣
˰ǫίȷλµ뷨ǷҪһλūĹ±ôҪĿα
Ȼ
룬ԼһԶǵãʱ˸Ļش
ҪдȥҪҫ۶Ŀɹɸɾָص㣬صڽܿ˺˽ǵĹϣǵĲڡܿȻκ˵ǱȣȫȫسԼԸ־
˽꣬Ϊػɹսؽ˵Ļԭԭд˿αĽβͣ٣йʹزô䣺һɵūèèͽΪһеսʿĺӡ
ʥʹ˿ϿӴǡĽܿˡʽĸ׵ϡܿˡɡ


215 
Ӣηߺ, ȻҲҪʵʩĳͷ
ʹصūֻǱˣµȻ޷ֲĴһرԽ̡
, ٵأ̷ȫ˸εѵĿɲͽ׹嶼޷, οǲūˡ
ǱΨһʴȣǲʩֶοҡʹԶʤ̷ֻ˵º͵Ľá
´ٺڣ޹ƻԼԼ䵽ֱҾصأҲ޲ˡ
ǱϽ̼ʱ, ûȥ̴ֳѾɽ˺, ˶ͷ飬ȥۿ̵ĳ档
һŻϤİȫ޺ͷŭ, һ߷ʹ飬ױˡ
ͨǱߴĴ, ԶԶؿһ, ƽò˼顣
֪èèԼ, , ڸkԻû뵽, ũū֮Уӻô췢ѿ
һǱĬ, ̵, ѾȫŷˡʹƸν, ҲƽʱͺóھȻֿɳܿɱɵĴصʹ
뵽˸һԭ
Щ˵뷨, һ߼͹ñǺãΪЩ˸Ӹ߹ٶĲƽҲԵȻ
ۿһѰūͬ飬ȴΪԵŬﵽǲԸ⡢Ҳƺ޷ĸ߶ʱֱµӽͰĻ磬һ½Ĳ/ˡ
֪ԼѾԶǰҪ̫࣬νġáҲֻǸЩ͵ȣǸǰԼȡ
˶õ٣ǻǿܣһЩԼõö࣬Ǿ޿ˡ
޷ܵģǶŮԴļơ
ΨһܲʹūۺŹĶбũūҪһ㣬ɰڲĲƲƾʲôõȡıᣬﵽͷȥˣ
ԼĹ׬ȡֻԼ֧ĲƲ뿪ǵɣ
ƾʲô
ֻ˵õģ˸Ŭ͹ף˽԰Ѿ˲زļ̬ȻԶ޷ܺ⣬ȷ֡׼
ֻû뵽ֵô졪ʳļѴŹȥ˲ʱѡ
̾˿
Ľܿˡ૵̫źˡ
ԽԽãµظ֡ǽӴĻᣬҲԽԽˡ
ܰϷϵͳİپ߱ȸеԭҲ˫Ŀ⡣
άǶͳνײľηҲȷͨ˵ܹĴš
ܿһĬĬŵūƺҪΪߺ˵ĿУȴʼձŶһϣ
󻷾һõƣǾͻεץסᣬΪԼΪ˴һõĻ
Ǿ裬ܣֻһֱȱһĻˡ
ΪһαãֻźǡҡԤӡ˵Ĵϴ֡ūܿȴƲ˵ܵвʱ򣬺ԥȡӢ׳١
ΪһԼ÷ĶӣԼѪҺĺǣ˼ӭ
û˼룬֪ʹ
һˡһӵˡ
ȫҵ󡭡ԸҪĸжҲϣܺúûšʳ˿֣ҲٽֻһݡǶݣֻӦõĶѣֵôࡣ
ȫϣе𺳺ʹ

oƶǶؿŴصİ£شȥ
kܵҪοС£ڶݵ˼΢΢ףǵ΢Ķ䣬Ȼ׾˵ܿڣңܿ֡
Ƕл¶oҲܴӵʱɢļмܵǴġɾĻϲ
Ϊ󽫽ܿ˵͹鰲Ϣ֮صkĻӵмߵĿŶȵġ
еĶ˲䣬һ¡
ȷõЩ΢İοοͲǻ̫ڹȥеˡ
ֻļѹԼϵoûˡαҪģҪһֱ˽׵ˣǡҪϧԼ
˶ûв£νġԺģʽѾڸ׸ǵ˳ΣһͨȨ£ܵĸ߽׹ѾӦ˱ԼĿͶƱʽ
Ҫһ˳Ļȵ׵춨ߣǿƴûͻ᲻źۼ𲽷ȨȻܴﵽĳ̶ȣӪһΪԵĿˡ
˵뷨ôǶӵкܺõƷʣǿԣֻҪȷ
谭һеˣӲĳز
ûа취ʴȡ
ΪΨһˣ뷴ᶨȷԼ뷨ȹҪߵ·˹ĺ
²㡢ڱױ֮ڷ˶衣
ܵжıȸʿԣһйŸոտʼ
Ƿһϵ飺ȾȻдţϣܻСµ׼õ׸ǵǰܼ˹ݶЭ
ˬӦˡ
˹ݶȷǳﻮıмңΪԸ׸˵˽⼫ڶıʱҲطӳ˼á
ڽصı˸׳󣬷־ͽһ¶ǰֻǽƻ뼸λͬƺǰ˷ǰȥʻǰһгǵķˡΨǰΰ٤Ϊ׵λͬδѣٴ
û٤µ̫áί֤ȷ£ڹҪһٵ¼ȡǾͽõĿŭ£˽̼ܣʹһغ
Ͼڸ׸ǺаԵ˶ǰΰ٣ҲǺܴġ
һرѲϵ©Ȼûгͷΰټʿŵǣֻʱ޲ŵԾ޵ݣĸԸرȺݺݵһ١
׷ֵλúѲ©ԭҲ˳ˡ
ṩЩϢģǰﰲݵĶӡ
޶˶ū̵ǰһΪµĹʮأǲūݵġĳͷȴûвĶϣȥ׵ʱɹһݰĹȡһЩҪϢ
ڶԼĸ׾Ĳ̽شߣε͸¶ֵķλ
κģٶǱʴȣݵĶﱻѺһһ𱻴Խֱ̣ϵǣڣֻϲָ˲£ɳǣ¶׸ҲԶضǹϳš
㹻ǳŵеʳӵиǿļǰֻѡ˵̣޹ߵðա
ȻֻԷ±ķʹֻͨ﷣ĻֻǰܳǱٵʸֱʮ
°ʱ䣬æµкܿȥ
ܶԸ߲ԣƵϰӿԹǵľԣǿػ̥ǵһꡣ
¡뿪ĽŲ˱ѩڵ峿
ūɼڵϵʣþľͷķȼ¯𣬱ůڵģֻôһ·͹ˡ
ߴ㣬׺ǾһµĹʱūרŴӳӵĶƣΪ׬ȡһЩСǮŮūشţʱֱ̧֣ϸܵĺ顣
ģ㹻һ˶Աӡ
ũ٣æ죬ҲúܿģȲװӣƵǿҲȫԳܵķΧڣֻҪɷԼĹʱԼˣ
Լʱ䣬ʲô
ΪԼѾˣһ굽ͷԲĩҪū
֪ЩͬҪôøɵҪô鲻õĹ¶Ҫôǰ죬ȴΪͼһȥ
ȴû뵽ܸáڵǴӲһҸǳϣ
һжΰèèΰĹ´ģ
ͬĻмµһ㽵ģгǡ
qжסԼֲ뽨·űҹδϨ¯һ㵭ľ㣬ǵһ߷ɵ
ҽԺҽĽ飬سͣ˷Щҩˮ䷨Ѿ֤ͽˣȲԸҲĸ׳ֻҩֻˮʵЩٶˮɹ̫
ŵǣȻĸ׾Ȼľһһغˣ
ʵƽʱһ㣬ǳһ
˵ǿǵ´ǰѩûɾǱ˾һȫ˶ŵĺ£ӽ꿪ʼΪףĵҲΪȥһǣԺǰ죬ڼϢҪʵڲȱ˵ְλ⼸˫ݶнˮڵµֻݡ
ΰİ½Ϊڡµеľ񣬶ļڡ
ˣϵĹ㳡ϻٿᣬ˲μأ
ǰɼŵ¾ԺǰʫǱݺöĿṩһЩѵĵġʳﻹɳǱĳ
ȻܸݣѵʱԽԽ࣬ҲĸˣЦ²˵ŽƯŮ
Ϊ㣬˵ú㹻ËqжˣһҪȥ
qжŴӿѹ۾һܿڲˡ
ܶµԼȸԾģˣ裬Ҳ裬ֻڼ㡣
ҡҡͷ˵һҪȥȤ鶼˵Ҳ֪ء
qжߵ򴽣֪ĸǹô˵ģǵֵסĿص˵ͷ
Ҫ΢һЩȴϷϵͳ״򲻶6İھΥۡ
ܻûȫѹĵһ£ϰԵࡰ˯ŵèè񽻻˸簲ǡ
֣װ
oɫͫУЦŵС£ֱ峿ԣҫ۶Ŀ
õkĴǣҲԾظ߸ˡ
֡kһˣͺȻȥҪǣܵӵͬʱ૵װİ


216 
ūԵظеҸֵ, ׸УֻгǱµļͽȻˡ
ЩϺõѺķˣȫΪǰʿǡ
ŻԸȡԼֻµΪ, ˸ǽ̸С
ǷԱµĴڹڿ, ȴԹϿбǵľһλݸ߹ĲǱϾѪͳֽĹһ߹, ΨһĹ, ׷ôĴ, ҲÿһλʿҺ롣
ȻǵȰȰ, ֱĺľ, ڿͺڰȹޱÿһ죬÷겻Ҳûеȵˡ
ڲǰʵڰס, ϧЩĮĿصͷֻΪǽԼԸҳϵ򴫴ȥ
ڿشӦº˱εȴţҲȷܿ͵˹µ׽¡Ϊȵĸ߽ʿʿŵĸʿ
λθߴ, ˵ĸʿֻɨһۣͳ, һԲ뿪ˡ
ֱ̬ʨɪɪһȺ
ǱͬʱҲʶû˵ڵ˼þήҡ˵ּۻ, Ǹû׷λĴ˵ʸ
ȷõˡԸΪЧԼϢ
˵ȱѵʿʿѡ, ھɳǵĳﰲ֮һº, ʱûȤȥһЩ֪Ƿŵ˵սˡ
һֱǹڵҲȷ̫ʡ
룬ɴױдһţʹȥгСɡ
ĥЩֻԼְصʿҲû£ǵȤַõ´ѽڣɴ˸ò˼飬ƴ˦۸
ֻҪǱԵһһһʱ佫Ⱥ²ʿһͬȥ
˹ݶ˵СǰһķĲƸִšԵĻ㹻άֺЩĿԣġ
ЩСº󣬰ͷԼһɹޱеһ죺ȥЩխһףڻǺ˼Ϊʳġ븣˹ĸ¹˼򵥵ͺĳţèèɹůֵ̫ػĶʱˡ
ҹ٣㳡ϵƻʽʼ͸ͷܶ龰Щ
Ȼ͵ȥʱסˣڳǱоٰһʢ硣ܵģԸ˹Ϊ׵ĸǣʿŵȫԱԼй¡
ȻûݻװΣȴзʢޱȵĲȺͰ԰¶ľˮʫݳľʽĿ
ݸǱ˵ľĿȻ;ԺԱݸ˵ȫͬǰ߽ŵĸڽΪ׵ȤζϣһЩɷءһϷ磬ǽ٤¸˫˫ľġ
ķΧŽĿݳ;ˮ⣬𽥲/ɿسèèգգۡ
o۾һ˲⡣
һ̣ⳡǣͳ˳׷΢ػ̸ཻǱĿĿ϶ǣ֣͵͵ˡ
ǵĿʱ䣡
˵Цţ۾أеشߴèè񣺡죬һҲֵʱ򣡡
Сô˸߲ҵģߴoȻװƽȴѾޱǳʱĺˡ
ܵ˷Ӱ죬ڵʯ䣬k޸òŵĹȻȻؽס˰ǵkͷβûſ֡
ǰһѾеĹ㳡֮ˡ
ʹСҲֵĹȣʵǶԼıȻҪֱʵöࡣ
ѽ
ձèè͵㳡ûعһ̾ͱͻȻը˷ܽˡ
ԺĸԱʫ˶ٽ˳Ǳμֻй͸߽׹²ʸϸ磬Ŀȴǲֽ׼ġ
ڼôߣȴܵȾľǶԣһλԺѧͽΪŵıݣҲܲĹƺͿֵЦ
ԽܵͣмĸԱǾԽǸҡٵѾظź߳ýŴ˽ģѵظҡڣȹװŮԱϺ˵ģϾǻϲЦݣЬĽص̤ڵϣˢˢġžžк˵СƵİߵ˼Ҫһͬʱ֧ѣ
ûиèèһ𼷵ǰȥʹ˵İҲԱȺĴҪ˺ɵؾܿеľ龰ˡ
ǰЩĿȣƵޱȴֲڣǿЦݲãĿת
ܿ죬Ŀͽˡ
Ӵ
ǺԼͻ˿ܵشſڣԱʱ˳ڴ½Ŀĳ֡
һݵĽĿǸ質
·ŮԸ߿֫Խ߰쭳˸ͷƤƯ

̾ţǵ΢Цûб䵭سıС
ֻǽoһ˼˻е̲סˡ
ŰôģkҲܿġ
ǡһֱű˿Ҳ̫ˡ
kСµ֣ڽܵͶɻĿʱ֣µҲΪ衣
Ǽٸĸߣҹݺתĸkͨȥסţģ¡
Աĺö࣡
ãȻգգۣȻܿ췴Ӧ
̿򴽣ԥسŴ׵oһ£²ᳪ裬ҲĿģһ޶Ĵڰ
ңαװˣoȻޱ۵׷ɿӹһĨɬҿɲȥΪô˸質
λߴӢȻܵرһȻǵòͶȥϷʵĿ⣬ΪƶѾ˲ٳ̬ٳǵ£ǵƲϳ
ֻΪʮԽòŻ̲ס࿴˼ۡ
Ҳ˲Զċqж
ڸԹͺʹԼƯµǼ·ⳡѾ׻ֺϡ
κعһȦ󣬾ͱǲ˼ĿĿࡣ
ѿôԺԱݳտѳɺöֺСɽˣȻеѬ⣬ҡˮȻҲṩģȻ˵ơƣÿ˶ȥ󱭣
ȻǳԱ˲ŹģǱջ̲סһֿĵ̺㡣
ҧһڣͿ챻̵ڸиڻˡ
˵нˮǾԲ𣬵˶ǳڼ󣬸ԼϻҪǮ⻹ǵһγ̺ζأ
˸߸˵ؿС̲סȥҪ˷
ˮθڲĹĶƤ챻ˡƯĹﲻﶼǱܻӭĴڣqжܿͱһЩӱȽϴС룬ɬɶԷǣԼ֣˶趯
֧裬ԭƬڵеċqжΪеһƳߵ顣
ΰèè񰡣
鲻Խغ˳
ǾȻǡȻһֱҪټһΣúøмԷλ𾴵Ĵˣ


217 
qжֻһ, ȷڲԶӵŵģǵıԼ˵λ
ﻹ˵裬÷ſ˾Ǹ, ʹҴææز˳, Ŷ˵ķΡȥˡ
, 
Խǽӽˣ۾Խ, ҲԾش
Ҳʱ, żʶ, ԼȻ֪˵֣
èèݣΪ뵽Ⱥ֮УûʶǸϳԼڵλÿŮ, ͼ
ȋqжܿǰɬעʱΪèèʧЧˡ
ֱСǼ䡰, ź֪ԷϳԼݣйһ֮Եݡ
һ¾ͷ, ΢ЦŻӦ㰡
qжֱ, ϲȻǵ𣿡
, ȷʵǰμʱҪݸ, Ϊһϸ, ұӵвļԺ, ˵𣿋qжС㡣
ǵ, ǋqж
Ѿɱ, Ǳļ//ŮЩ꣬Ҳ·Ǳ˵һңԶ
λ߹׵ǵԼֺ󣬋qжƲסر΢ᣬЩʡ
Ļǵá
ǵǸ΢ģϵĳһ΢ְ࡭//Ů֡
΢΢Цϧʵڲó赸ѵôƯŮʿط꣬һҪһġ
⵱Ȼԭ
Ϊġλӵִİ˽ġ
ֻǴʱ˿̣߻վһèè񡪡ܵk˵ˣ۲죬Ǽ£Щپ߱˵ˡ
͵֣ôĵӣῶҲСС˽ġ
Ϊ˿ףֻչһλСŮʿҪĸܡ
qжȻ֪Щ
⻰Ѿ˼غ͸ܳһҡͷһͷǵģҲġôƤأ
ºͣСĳߡֻԼСϼ꣬ȴѾϿʵĥñ˵ŮҲȷСһȻôС㣬һȱڵ顣
ֻǣֻǡ
·Ŀмȡqж߬ȹ޵΢ɣΪŶƵĿҲڶ˫ĺϣҪ׿лл
λƯڷԣȴЩգգۣЦʣΪʲôֻΪ·µĻǸԼͶʱ䣬ҵæҲֻǰʱ֧ԼĳͶѡ
ġ
qжҡҡͷ
ϲش˿ĵЦССԥ󣬻ǹ˵ﻰе˼ɣҵֳƺңʴȿظһݱźļ򵥹ôĹѾҡػˡ
ǵģȷ
ҪλԾΥġqжƺԱǸΨһܸı״Ļߡ
ǽȴˣֻקŲһ޵׵ֱ֫ʧΪֹ
ĻλȴЦˡ
ҿûΰЩŶ
Щգۣһ˲ֱɰËqжĶֻһǿŮȣӵԼӵеһеģ¸ŮԼҲ£ڵһҲʶˣĺʱʵܰˣ𣿡
ǵģ
뵽貳ͰҫۣõƻõˣqжЩ񣺡һУΰèè˴ġ
Ůǲѹ㣬𾪵ؿǰĺַ*ꡣ
ظ֪͸ǲصһϤľ񣬾񡭡
Щˡ
èèȻŮʧЧ
ʹҲûлֽš
Ĭ˶ԷĻȻʳָĴߣЦģ͸ŵĪأϻ۵Ůһñܣ𣿡
qжԺѾһƬհס
ܰǳϻǷϣ֪ʲôӦˣֻ㶵ص˵ͷ
ôڵĻ
ȻؿһֱǣԼֵèèݸǻȥɣװġ𡯡
䣬qжؿΰ㲻˼ˣ˶˿ûвԾ£һ峿ıת۱ɢӰˡ
ԭվţȺŻȥʶҲȫȻûע⵽˵Ļ
ֱһơƵҵɵǰ˻ΣĪqжôˣ
ôֵĹ㳡ôʢᣬôǷĵطأ
źѹеһֱľċqжڻˡ
񰡡
ص˿ס죬ŰѲҪѿڶļ˻ȥ
ԭˡ
ԭˣ
ȻȻؾͼˣ
챻qжɵˡ
ɵؿһֱԼҪ侲öĺѣһ¶ϲı飬Ƿһ״Ρ
㣬㻹𣿋qж
qжûĻֻһزΪȻϲˮһԺһͷˮ૵ʵ̫ˣ治ţһжģ񰡣ôû뵽أ̫ˣ̫ˣˣôܻλǶһ޶ģ
漣Ȼʹģ
ʱ˿̣ǱһһҲµŸղŵ¡
û뵽ЦеؿŽŴһoװģǿģܵèèѽȻһСŮʧЧһ졣
Դŵ٩ĻԭЩ鲻oһµõ˰
ԭ겻˦ŵβͣҲ
̫ˡoһطʡţǸŮ־ǿ󡣡
Ƕ̶̵һ˲ʵʵؽλͬʱoĴڣĤŵġ
ǹ˶èèҲǹ˶κoľηŻǿȻʧȥЧ
ȻҲΪèoʩڰϵģòõ࣬ŻᱻһͨٿȻͻˡ
ٳˡkЩգسŵţҪȥ𣿿ٻӡ
õkʧǣȴЦеؾܾˡ
֣Ѿˣڲκ˴ŵ£ſ񻶰ɡЦ˵˵ûбҸЦݣҿĵˡҲô˵
һתŵΪġԣҸҪġΪġԣǸ˹Ҫ
Ϊͽ˵ʵǸҶԡ
˵䣬ӵ񶼸еĿѣԵòĽʹ΢ЦսڵkĲһǡ
ںһֻԴ׵İè䡣
%%ڵkУÿԼİСʱõkĹƻϢ飬صĴڣӵıﰡ


218 
ⳡĿ, ǰռ˹ڴһµĻ⡣
ʱһΣ롮ڡѾȥС, Ǽʢͻ, ڵӺǻǽֵ, ʱ㵸
֪ǴʵơеϿبС, űŭŵʻֻǡ
ǣҪȡڡΪ»ģֻڴʮվٰǳʢ󴺼ˡ
ǵڣгǻǹһɲ
ɹҿ﷦ζĶ, ˼ֵ£ѰµĻƣæſѽũԽͬʱܹĵµĴ
ũūͶ, ʵ̫á
ǲϵľҲ֪˽ɱǰ׸ǵ̶ӡԴб˽ҡܿ챻Է¡ȴ֪Ӹ׸ˣȥ쿪ʼͼˡⲻɱӰ쵽ǵơ
гܹɽͷģǽŴƬȻɳڸصĲȴһǵˡ
Ҫеﹺʳ, ҪġҲʳӦ, ඼ӵйũĸ׸ǡ
ѾгĳǱס˴Ŀֵ¡, ȴǳƲҵ
ɪء
͵, һʶ߬˿ڡ
·һ, Ϳס΢΢塢ĳ¾ɵıԵ, ҲԷ΢Ĵ졭ĸȥ𣿡
ɼĹϵ, ѾңԶֻܿԶسƺһ䡮塯ˡ
λ˵˼ϷˣʵѾ˳մ״̬ûгմڸû£Ҳǲ˼
ֱǱк󣬿ֵ²ʶֻǱʱʧĽڶѡ
žɪ㲵ԼֵʵüȻȻһЦ
ʵ岻ôҲѡ
ڸ׸Ǹ²̡ΪҲҪɱĹֺֻ֮г֮ˡ
Ҫ岻ԸӻĻֻȥ˰ɣһʧȥ˷أڸ׵ĴѹͿһֱûܻùͷΣڳһǮ⣬ûκüֵĲ֮ӡʹȥҲᱻκǡ
ͳĬһ󣬻˵ﻰûȥıҪ
ѾһСĿֵ£ĴΪͬһ±ˡ
ǰǰȥݷãûܼõޱĹܼġ˴ȥִˡĴ𰸡
Ҫǿֵ΢ӲһЩ˵ȥ塱ߡĻƫƫС¼ˣҲǳ⣬ֻګګػȥˡԴĿ˸ߵһʿӱ׽ߣǸƯСкúͱ˵ȥ˵Ļ󣬴ĵĿ־壬Ҳȥϰˡ
һҪȥ
ֵžԼɵ𴽽ǣΪɼȡģҲΨһˡ
ǸֵԶҪԼʱ͵򲻽šüߵѧ׵̰ᷳĺ޳ܡ
ϾǿСɣĹܼʵźۼش˳ĸڽ̻Ϊһ߱ǡѧʶǰѾҵȥˡ
˵òش˸Ƿθڵɥʧˣֻ˼ڵƵһߣԹ̰һ͸ȱ㣬²ָҵĿĻмҲٱ̫̰
ڲȡκκô£ĵ˿ֵڳǱס갡ΪԷԸһЩ˳ȥλ˵С鷳Ȼûܳɹ
ֵڳǱμӵÿһᣬҲֶӡݳֵģܱ͵ء
ʵأ
ȷɲҵΨһ̳ˣƢȺһ/̬϶ȻʿľλûȡãֻСĲ֮ӡͷΡ
ȱϿǰܲ˳̳ɼĲλӦȨǸͷβδ֪
Ϊδ֪һֱͿдŶԷȴʼֵµõĳϣϿΪµɲĻʱûܻµأλĲҲһΪѵѡ
ҪûȡϿɣǱһĻҲؽûκüֵĶԷɨسš
šܼûпڣҲ⣬ڳһžݵĶԷˣȥɡ
ܼҹظǣˡ
ֵû뵽ԼȻܼˣ
м尾ģһ¾͸µ⡣
ŹܼʱԼЩ֮ǰ޳ܲ²⣬е޵ݡ
ôأ
˿ûв΢Ц۵ײŵĲͷھнʺԷ󣬾ͼеԼ󣺡ܱǸˣ壬ֻǹʿǷţ׼أ
ÿֵƴѹ¿־ͼµʧУĴεǱȷ̬ԭ򣬾ǷȾϲš
Ը׸ǡ׵ĸ׸ǡˣš
ڸյʱǷԼᵽһϤ֣õ
Ч׵ҳʿǰǾȻţ
ÿֵϲǣ֪ɼĳˡλĿľʲôҪ󣬾Ȼò˼顣
ʮλʿ²ƴӸߵͣһͬʵءֻۡҪ5öҾһˣ
ôܣ
տҪʱʶ϶һ塣
ռݾƵ£ǸֶİôֻԻλ1/10Ķ͵ؽһսǣ
ô²ԶаٺһģҪЩ˵ҳû⣬õӵҲֻɼʵȴг޹ء볹׽ֵƿסͲӵ̫ǿڹԮĻ̿״̬ŻԼÿһĻмҲ۵ķʽȡǣơ
ҪЩʿ类߷ĻǷ˼ӻˣͳ˲۲۵ķ²ʱܵشвģгǣ
ԭΪǼ鰡
Ȼ˲ܴӦЩʿӻȴ¶ɫȻǴȰ常ģõģ飬ҲŵǳὫҳϵսʿǽӻġ
ȿֵ¶мɫת˸⣺ڲǰЩ飬ǵгĹϵȽնȻʾð۸ŵ黹ʿǡʵǷǳɡ
ֵסˣĻسȥ
Ǵ޿ɾҩˣʹȻһΪǵĴģ˶ԷԵ˼е䡣
Ϊʲôͬ⣿
˫ֽ߬ȭȡĻҿ϶ǲ嵣ĵģԼͿԡǮ
⡣ֱסĻƺĵ˵ţȴǿһȡֵͯ˿е̶ѣھ㸸׵Ĳ룬λƻȴǿĹΪʱһҪܵر̬ȣ˵𣿡
ֵ¾ر˱ۡ
ǣ塣˵ġٺˡ


219 
ʹĿֵү, Ҳ˸ղŵĻɡ
ͷ׵ĹܼһԷΣһɫƽš
ⶼ޹ؽҪ벻شţ߶ǿĺġ˶ĸ̱ʯ, Ц˸еѵ뿪, ҵԸôķʽޣǸ˻жԿ׸ʵ, ֻܳȥΤˡ
ܼҺȻؽȥź, Ҳ˵ɼΤйκν, ס
š򵭵Сɵ뷨ҵĿ֮УؼǱ, λͬᷳĹ, һߵñһˡżֻ˰ɣ
ɲһΪڳ⣬ĵ֮һ, Ȼ˽ĵ
λȡ̼ˡʵֶνλ, ηֶȴԵñ׾ɣһΪ˲ȡĸע⣬һηƢջԼҷݵĺͯ, ܸĸҲɥƾ˶ȡһеȴȱʰǲƾ
, ԰, ǸԸֵܡʹǿڳ֣ҲöԷ޿κεĿ, Ȼ뵽ȨַԷ
ʲôЦɲǸ¡Ǹ͹ʵ³, ǽ˼ʱˡ
Ҫǿ׹, 治ɫĲ˵Ŵ治Ļͻᴦøɾ㣬Ժֵλֵܻ뿪ȡֵĺӣҪǡ
ʱʹȷǸ޺СǣŻÿ׵ģ˲ö
ȴһ㣺ʧȥһеĺƽٺҲǻ᳤ġ󣬾ż鷳
ֻҪܻޣߴӵŵʤĲ¾һܴ͸СӵһȨƵĴ壬ҲӵôһλŮĴ塣
˵Էڶ̶ڣʹƶɹһŵϵصһǸ׸ڵءʵëȻ
ܼѵˣ죬ǱΪ֮ءġ
ʱסˣĩʧЦһɾˡʲôŵҲΪʹ۾𣿡
ܼңȷʵΪߡʹŷoһλ˵ǰδӵйκγ֡ϵĴ˵ĲƸ֮񡣡
ش˸Ƿʹüˣƥ䲻ˣ𣿻˵ȻûȥһʹķɣԽڵòʫ˴
Լھеˣպû뵽ʲô˵ǳΪʲôţǣǹõ壿
ܼΪűʯ۵״̬ȷԡ
ˣȻ֪Լĳ̶ֳ˵ࡪȷǶ䡮õ塯뵽ҪӦ£ӹһĨᷳ½żӦҪ͵ˣһ룬Ҹñ˴˸˵ķʽʹ򷢻ȥɡ
ܼҹеǣεġʹոձ¶ʵݣСһ󡣡
΢ۣǧھ͸Ҵ𰸣ҪԼȥ
ܼҲ˼ǣˡ
϶ݵ¶˴㵵飬ת˲ͻٶڵЦݡ
Էȴվŵȹڣ˸׼Ĺǣ£հ̩׵١¡
รҡعλӵнò䵭ʵŮֺ󣬲С㣬Ҳò˵εĳ֣ҸеϲҲλĸı棬¼ȴİ
̬ͣһλʴȵĳߣȴ֪һ¶һЦķ̡
λ²ΪЩսȱߡΪ濿սȡþλļ̳ˣûȡʿʣΨһ֪ġ¼ǳ䵱Цǳªķӭߡ
ǷͽϹϹǿͬ谮ŮĶ飻ǳ/￴ʧƺȻȻصٵ˻ԼȻͣؽŮƵƵͽ͢ͼͨ¸ܳ/ķʽΪŮΪ׹֮һϾǵλѾռˡ
ֻϧ׶̬ʼղ䲻ȣŰڼʱӵɵĴͱøˡ
Ȼ²ĺ޳ܣǸʲô̫˵ǰλΪĹܼҸ˹ͬĻŰͽɹ£ֱ͵͵뿪ͼ޸ĻԼϵ
ʮָл½⣬˵ŸмĻСȴûһ˿һ¶ȣ˵˵һĮģǷ𾴵ı׿´ܵõ׼Ļһȥֵ¡ɸһ档
£
ޣȻһ߷ɿ˼š²˼һ¶ζЦݣλҵֶӣĿֵ£ܻδܴӱȫָҸұ֤ڹȥһҵϾܵأӵмκο˵ɵġ
ٴθлϵǣλ󵽽˳Ծ̬ԶòĲС㲢ûеθڵ˼ǸɴظԼһеһҪĿģϾµָʾҽϣСɲ顣
ʲô
󣬰ڲչ˸մгʹĻţֻĵɨ˼ۣͲɾȵȻĵֵزô᲻ã
Ĵʮֿ˼ҲһĿȻģʿЧҵĸصˣǼȻΪ˸׸ǵҲӦΪ̷Ĺ
ЩʿҪסϺܾˣԸһЩ˴ŵܲһֱǰ׳԰׺ȡҴжϣСгǵĴҲƲ
ҡҡͷôԼ״Ҫ𣬾⵽˾ܾ㡣
ʺŷ/һϷҲʺܹ¸
ֽżŵһߣһɸ˹ܼͳһ֮ǰ˵ҵɿѱ˵Ҳ̫ȷˡ
˹΢΢ף۵ԹһĨŨҵɱ⣺ǸĿס
ֻˡ˼ǿҵԤУƽڲúͻᱻȴơ
Ļ׸ǳڵ๤̾ͱɣԱڳֽоѵԼսˡ
ҪЧʣֻ;һʡʱеٸ
ϧǣִʱǹƳԼ޷ṩݾ£ǰ߾Եÿ
Ǿֻкߡȥѡ
ṩ߱£׸ǵ˻ԱˣҲиԵĻҪե
ü
ҪĻֻܴ¼ӻӵһ֡
ţ
ȵȡ
Ȼ֮ǰһСıáȻʹ˺˵Դ۾ٿȻһ
ޣװĸ˹ӵоòĽ𷢶ҳϵĹܼңЦе˵ţʱʱΪλֻͷڿʯеǣǻֻͥͿʯȴչԼƽ񡭡
һ²³С˼ĸ˹ǲ¶һĨݳ΢Ц
һûʵƭԼеĻ󣬰µؽ˵ʵɿĹܼѽ룬ܰ취չʾһèèĲʴȣ˳µǽӹչһеʵڲеĻһõ˲Ҳá
н޻֡


220 
һº
ѾǴѮ, ѾȻȾ˼˿ķҵɹͷ·ʱСɫĴֲƤ˸ĺˮ
һй32, ͷڣϵװٶìܵϢϴ°ɲ£ȻƲ, ȴܵĦĵطŴССĲҪô˵ĲЬҪôɴţָͽŰ϶˺صϼ룻Щûгϴͷ, ֻͼļҡ׺ڶβϵ, һմֲڡֻʱɵİ峵, һǴ
˵ä, 㹻ھϵľȡ
ǾһȺûȮĴ¡ȻĬĬسȦķȥ˳
Ӱնǣͨնǵ·ȥ¶, һҪ1010ҹ
·˰¶ĳ, ۵ͷ󺹵ĶҲûҪϢ, ѡ˼ͷ·
Ҳû취顪ϿûжǮʳ
ڲ֪Щźò˼ĳŵֵܲܶ, Ը32ˣڽһǮڵĺġ
ͨһЩϲм˿, ʵõˡǼ·ر, ҳѲߣǳȫһ˵˶ǰŰɡ
Ϊ, ǡɹүѴǮȥ, ȴһöͭҵĹ·Ѷȡ, Ϊ˱֤ߵİȫ, ʵ̫˼ˣ
һ, ǻǵסڶ̶̼ڣڳСﵽĸʾջ󡪡Ʃʯܵõ3öҵķнˮḻոܸ߳мĻܵõ3öҵĶ⽱
찡
ǶôӴһʲƸ
ΪӵһܳƵϡڰǵӹҲԣ
ϲĹϵýź󣬵Ȼһ֪ȴԸоǱĻԽԽأнȴԽԽˡ
˻ǿʱʹȴѵʶ㣺ǿȵѹեһ֣ʶܽһǵֻۣø㡣
Ǳ볢ı·ˡ
֮ǰǻԥ֪ôĻЩõüֱһĸʾͳΨһϣ
ҳðյģǼѾܿʼǮĶӣһȥ޻ڣҲȫȥĳˡΪ˾ܵؽǱʧһȥص׼ǮҲ٣ƽÿֻó2öҡ
ٵÿǮȴǰһµԼһϣաǵ·ѡ
ԴӰǳľս·¶ִӰ¶׸ǵķԭģԽԽ̤ʵˡ
ǻû׸ǵòɰ¶סڰնͼ˹ͨǵǶǳǣڶ̶̵һǰܹѾϮؼ״ݻء
ǣһȲȥнóס
еľǵӰ죬ҲǻԵģ޷Ӹݡϱ˵İ¶ȡҪʱֻת򱱱ߵһУҲζ۲ɱش
ȥ괺죬ǾؼǵãСϰڵƷļ۸񣬶ٷ
ҵײʵ񣬾Ǹں󳹵׶ƶߣȥðΣյЩƣȷԼͷ˰ġ
Ҷֽϳŵн꣬ԽԽˡء˹һλֻ16꣬Ҳ⿰Ĳ;άֲ̬ͽΪľĴڡ
֮Աӳ˹֧ͬðաӣȫȻһĸȥ˫˫ֻûüȢޣ㲻ļͥҲΪθĸĲͿˡ
ҪǽĻƾΪɫǣʵҵһ㹻ԼЩ̫ΣյĹ
ȴԸ⣬ִҪŸǰĺ˹壬ǰ֪ϣǾĸ׸ǡ
ʱֹ۵Ļ·ͳüҲԼܵȾԱһЩ
˹Ҳ˶Χ΢仯ЦǺǵؿأСӣΪʲôô룿
Ȼ˵·̫ˣһ·ϣȷ˺ܶ
ĻΪ۵ò˵ˣ̲סͷ
ĺܺߡϾϵóЩ·õĲϣȻڰϵ˾סŻõĺӣ
һ㻨ʮʱߵʵϣдʱ䣬˷ǰϵġҲǴӰƵնǣٴնȥ¶·
̣ܶʵˡ
ʧ޵ġ·һϥĲݴԼ䱻ˡͳѹγɵһ죬ʮССӶݹڣҪǲСݽȥ˵ŻС£صʱļװ峵㶶ɢˡ
Դӽ뵽λĹطΧں·һ±
ƽֱҪģǰȫ
ֻǶ̶ǾѾѲߵˡ
뵽ЩͦأݣƷǸͷϵؾ͸еһ˷ܡ
Ľˣ
ǿһв֤û˵𣿼Ȼ·˵ʵǹڸ׸£ǿҲڴ꣡
ӳ˹Ѽ渱ӳ޶˵ͷ˵ûԸɳ˵һǵһ˵
ȫ߸·ȣһЩӰ¶׸ãҪôʽҪô峵´ųصĻҲǿˡ
Ҫ·Ļ˵˫ҪǾϸ滮ʡҲķʽһ·
ÿЩŹʵ̶յسǣһͽס۾档
˹صעģЩ˾ȻȫЩݡȴ׽кԷҲ΢ͷӦǵ㣺Ҫ֪ڴɶĻǸ߶˰գЩơûƵ̰
˶Ը׽ǵһμ
һΡʣѾõЩľˡرǼִ׸Ǻ
ԶԶܿߴΡĳǽúʯĿţһ޼ʵأӺΰ׳ĳǱԳǱΪģӵĳ򣬼ֱ񡭡һˣ˲СһŵĴӣһƬ
񰡡ص۾ɵϴҲɵشţȵغţϲһǣǸ׸ǣ
СͲڰһһ۾ͷͨ󹤻ʯڲȡĸĸȥ;ҪԼ־ȥˡ
ֻһۣҲ뿴硣
Һˣ
һʱ۶᲻գΰĳǳأȫóеһл룡
ɵСӣ𷢴ˡͬǵһγԶŵĶˣ˴˾̾šе׳ʱ˹Ĺעص㣬һ䵽ЩɢڳȦľͷ߼ϡ
һֱŵǿٿȻˡ
Щľܾͺá
ΪһḻʯĴСݽ첻ûùЩľܣһ۾Ϳá
ȻȷڽУǷݸʾ˵ݣͼпˡ
׸˵ȷҪ
˹û3öҵн꣬Ҳνģÿֻ1öңҲڰҪ²еˡ
ΪȡǶԸ˸ˡֻҪ
˹һţһߴ˳ŵķߡ
ŵرҲǲЦʮϵģϸؼÿǵЯ֤ͻ
ס
޶ע⵽˲ͬѰһ㡣
յ˹ߣСҿûչκ˵Ǯ
УҪһСõģ3ͭҵ1öҲȡΪ׼
˹Ҳ¶˲˼ı顣
ǽؿŶǰˣȻûȡǮң
ѵɸѡ˵һ³
ز֪λǣŶԽԽ̣ҲԽԽȸԾˡ
𾴵˹İ£Сشӻͳ32˵ֺ֤õЦǿڰĸʾģܷǽȥ𣿡
΢΢ס
˹ŵעУؼ֤һֿ֧ܵĶÿ˶˼򵥵⡣
ȷ˹ƽ͵ʣ32ˣ˲ء˹⣬ȫǹǶӳ
˹ϽͷоĶɤˣǵģ
š
ϵǣһֱƵޱ⼸λĬضһۺ󣬾¶һȺС漣һѺ΢Ц
ӭ׸ǡ
λ΢΢һ߽֤ŵһλ˳ղŵƸԤطԸȴǽжεǼǣȻµĹͳһȥϴԡ̫ͷŷ䵽÷ܰŵͬһ򡣱˽ϲϴֵĻ֪ʶٴȥʳóԷǳԱˣݽʡร·Ҳ˲ǡ
æҵԤΪһԡνӴĸҵ˲šѵҪݵöˣϾƵĽÿһﶼҪʮء


221 
һ, ֻ˹һ˸еۻң޴롣
Ǳ͵ڵˢϴһͨϵˢϴϹƤָ׷϶, ֱӽˢˮȾǳɫ, Ͼʹûô׾
ĳͷ, ͷˬĶ̷ǸɾĹͷ, ȻͿζŵġ˵õˮ
ڱˢɾһڵġ͸ƤӣŸշŵ·, Ӷŵġ
񰡣޶ۣ𾪵ؿźӱòˬĺ˹ҵĺûƣ㾹Ȼ
һ, ʱԭе޴˵, Ҳͳͳе˹ˡ
ǹһ𣬿ʼֹ
ġ̫ˣ˹壿üëҲϸˣֱųС
Ŷ˹յ, Ҳûкõȥ
ҳĻѱ˵٩ľúʧ˵Ԥ, ³ǰรˡ
Ŀƽؽ벻ڵ´һͨ, 
Ȼ̵˳ЩֻҪɾС
Ŵǵɷİ÷, Ƿ, ʹȥʳóԷ
סȻô, ͸ŵľ·ʱ, ˵ĵһӦϲ, ǽš
ɺǼƻʱסЩֻҪиµĵط㹻ġ˵Ĳƾɷȫͬ
˶ĬĬؿ˹˿ܿǫĿĵȴŵ˵ţλģϵǮ࣬еһֱסķáǷԸȥסȻȫͷԼȥҾͺá
˹ľ飬ϢͨͨˣȻÿﶼٲ˵СˡЩڸĸæƣֽ͵ѧϰ̫СԸСӣԸΪһöͭҵıǴ·ġ
ͷһӿ֣˹ͺ֪ʲô
˵ոմһ·߹񣬶ûܿڽйֵĺͯ
ԤƺǸе֣һۣûŸʾ𣿡
˹ˣԷİʾƺ©ʲôҪϢָڰмЩĻǶˡ
Ǹˡ˼˺һ󣬲ʶʲôһûעµС֣Щ˵ɡ
˵Ȼһһͷ˴˸ָһһװһģһԤﻹӴһֽ
˹Ȼһ۾ϳǾǼ˰ǵСĸʾ
ֱ̯ĸʾָܱ˺ԡΪдǾ˵ĸ߱·С֣˵ˣֻҪԸǰЧ֤Ĺڼʳʱ·ѣɸ׸ǳе
ΪģҲΪ˷㼯нйҪ𵽷߸Ŀġ
ڵĸ׸Ǹȱ·ʱõķҲ̫׸ǵĹ˾ڼڽüȿֺá
ңЩס˵ѵסṩ㹻ϲˣǸ̰Ĳȥ޷ǲһֲڡǲ㹻㡣
һãˣܵ¶˺ɫ飺ȻнĻҪͨ˺Żᰴ·ŵġ
Ǳȥʳ򣬳Źܱĺʱﻹ˼ĻȻʳṩԶֹЩҪԸ⻨ǮĻ͸Ʒֵʳʲôġ
ȻûĻҲϸʣ֪ϵģһǰδеĴ¡
ЩнܿʳĹ/Ѹٷſˡ͵˱رܳԣһ·ϳʳ쳣ʡһֱЩ״̬
ӦʱԼѾڿеֻˡ
Լչʾ̰ʵһЩ»ΪԵ̫˸ߡ
¿󣬾ͳ׷ˣʳúܴƺһضĸ׸깤æͷԣҲڡ
û˶Ⱥߺ߲شǺȻĬǵĴڡ
ȷе˵ǼλֳִľףװעĿˡ
ҲΪ̫æˣ
ò˵ôţԭЩŵ黺طһ߾׽ֻһͬԷϿ
Ĵһ࣬ĶԷͲˣһ¶ߣء
Ҳû뵽ԷȻסԼ֣ûҭס
ȴԼԭ򣬺Ȼ۳һܣҪʺ̰ɣպãǶˣȥ
صȻҲ˵
һĬĬؼӿ˽ʳٶȣȻźþöûôĶӺϵ񣬺ܿظĽŲ
ǸСĵطֿǸɸɾϴѾԼ׸𵽵ĴˡֻƴؼȡָʾԺΪ֪ϳ
İڽ
һ䷿Ŵ˵ݵ鲼ӵĴ̺ʣ㹻ߴ޶Ҳչ֫ĿչȫſҲŸܹء
˵ظӳӳһԱͬһ
˵յһµطֲŰúãһ໰뽻
ɴĵʵ̫ˣʱ컨ϵľͷ·ڸԴϵһ˺˯⣬ﲻ֪ʲôȴʼûй
ƽʱĲأҲ⡣
׸ʵ̫Ҹˡ
ȻȹԵĶӳ˹ȿڡ
˸ͬĶĿ˸ĺ޶ղ¶ЦһҪúøɣȡ˵õ˵ˣֻҪ߼ߵõܳߵĽͱǶӹҪûĻʲﵽ10öңڳڹһסͨҲᱻӼǹ
Ӵ˳Ϊ׸ˣƬõƻõ
˭Ų죬ûпʼ˵ȺҪȾһС롯Ḷ́ȷûǱصļ󣬲ŻᱻпˣһѾƵˡ
ýֵ̿ĵȴ̣ȴΪʳȫɸ׸ǰⱲӶûйܡ
ʲôûأ·ڿɾķܾӣ
⻹˵޶һЦװѣ治֪жҵʱĻ󵨺һһˡ񰡣ҼֱҪǶôҸǰ˱Ĳ˵µľǳԿˣ
йظ׸ǵԽ࣬Խ࣬ľԽż
ôܲأζŮôȫԣɾ⿴ž¶ЦݵĴﰡ·ߵĻ̳Եôɰ
ĳȵ˰죬ʱ̲ס죬˵ԼĻ룺ҪЩ͸ˡ
˹޶ȴ̲סһۣЦˣǰĸ׸ɲģһжλĹģ
ǰҪܹӣ޲λµĽż⡪
٣ɱˣΪί𡪡λµĽָͷǿǹүȥ£
ǹЦһš
ЩǾƵˣк󣬺ܿʹתΪɣǶõ㽡
ĬĬضһб仯λϵĳ羴
ڳǱ˱ʱѵһԵɵš
ϣֱŲգ΢ţѾø˹˵һ¾ټڽڽΪ鱨ֵ˹ݶĲ
﷢źôƸʾɹ˲˺󣬰ȻעǼλ̬ȡ
ͨ˹ݶĵ飬ȷǱһƬƽ˾һ֪ûвȡκδʩʱЦЦζգۡ
ݵһźܺĹӡ
ߵֻũūλ벻⣬⡣
ʧģڿĹԴȴԵûȥһҲеñеĻҪ˳
ȻŹôǻ۵Ľ𷢶Ȼ׼ˡ
ǵġ˹ݶֱ׵Ƿĵؾϲһ¡ڲúɳĽʹߡ


222 
Ҳ޿ɺǵġ
ƫһλ, ӰԵ̫ңԶԼɵΨһ鷳žÿ궼״򲻶صִ˰չ٣ԼɳʯĿͳһߵĹԱˡ
ǴӲõκİֻᱻԷϵ
ڶ̶̼˿ɵѸͷ, εذѿסǶǰ¶һʲءİ, ǱСӦ, ֺõĶ
ҪλȻ, ǿֻ־ܵΨһ·Ǳ޷ָģʹǱԸɱǵسսȵϢݹȥɴǳܺͬɱ, ǵĳžͱԷˡ
Ϊĸ׸ǣûڶԷĿ¹¼ֳ, ǿİ¶Ƴǽô϶ó
ʵϣ˹ݶ̹Ȼ˵ǵԥȫȫǽĿݴϵġֻҪ͸¶Ҫж϶һó׵, Ǿͱʹˡˡ
İ컹ãҪܳס۱ǴӰ죬ǲԶĹ, ֻӱߵһλȡʡ
ڰϲ죬ͻޱ, ǱѡˣرնǣҪʱֱ԰¶ĿܹҪܸԶ·;ĸ߳ɱ
һһĿڳһµС, ڰ6ҵļ۸, ǵȵն, ;ܵ9ҡ
λÿɰƫԶļ˹ͨ, ƵġνУʼǶλƴӵһ
˼š
ڶݵ˼ɫ֣۵ײԾԾԵ˹ݶʧЦвǿֶ塢Ӷȫռ̸Ȩ㡭һǸȿ̸С
ӣƵùǽ¡
رѾΪǿʱһɣﵽӲʩĿˡ
˹ݶ˼ףǡ
֪˿ܻΪЧʲߣ̫ʴȡ̫Щ΢Цҡͷֹ˹ݶеı⣺İɣҿ϶ȿԼ³е档
ǴĴصסĽǶͨƽʽģ;ܲҪȥս
¡˹ݶ򴽣ûסڣҪģֻǿԼ档
˽˵ԡԣѪͳ߹Ĺϣܵõ쾡µ֡
¶λµ˸еóϷԸΪ˹ݶҲʼ޷⣬λޱȵĹ£ΪʲôҪЩ/ĴףôȻؽǵҲԼĿǡ

˹ݶʶʵλ´һʼʵͲҪʲôµְִ˳˵Ը
ɰ£ȴܿɻ󣬲ίصԭ
еϲú͸ж֮࣬Ҳ̲ס˹һĵǣʵ̫ˣǸĿ˺Ժ᲻Ҳ⵽˵˺أ
ǿɲС֪磬ݸʵϣǽ˵ĸܺԼļƻΧ󣬲˽ܵĸ֣򣬶ҪԶֻԼҪöࡣ
ֻԼֻںԼ/ǷܹõȫĻֻҪ״㹻ˣҪŵ¡
Ͼһ̰ĵԴҲ޵ģҵᣬ̵ԣò/ˣ˵һ޷ԤȨ
ѵ˯ӲĽҶѳɵĴ
ǻ˯ڽɫèèůĶƤءȻֻèè
ڸ˾伦ʵ룬Ŀ֣Ǯ޷ġ
˹ݶ΢㶡
⻰˲ǰ׫дαūΪū
ӱϿǵһģǺ͵͵ԹҪĿĶһƪ
óĵǰ׸ܼһǺܿǣūǵ̬ȣ˺ı仯
ͦøֱˣֻǻ飬ԼҲȥμӶﱸһԤɸѡ
治˼飬ֻūǲսصķص˰һĲƲѡ
˵Ͼԭ򣬵˹ݶǡһˡ
ʱİҲ˼Уߵèè͵͵סԼ֡
Ըص࿼ǵʱ䣬ΪνĴ̿ħ̸ܿкƽ飬ͱ⶯þӣҲı׼ڣʵѾǲ
ûͷۣҲûзҪִһУ޾ϸ̰ƶǡܷ룬Žнʵѡϸ¹ϣʵֵ顣
ϧⷽõ˲̫٣߱һⷽľĹ͹£˼뷽治⣬ҿ޷ŤתΪԴ¢ϣҵ߱ⷽʵ˲Ŵ
ĽƻѾɳĿ꣬ȵһ˲ų׳죬˳ƳϸĹԱѡƻˡ֮ǰλ޹޹ʱõġ
Ƚʱɡʱ䲻ˣ̸ЦŶ˹ݶǱ߾鷳˶ˡ
˹ݶȻףǣ¡
˹ݶ˳Һ󣬰ͺءһ׷èèס
ӢĽoһĵرסôࡣ
̸ࡣԵk̹Ȼģֻеż֪żҲûá
⻰ЩƿڣòƸ֮üһС˼
֪С²̫ܴӦkԴ
ë׵ĶһתƴķɻûԼЧĽ飺ܲܰɱף
ԴӸ֪׶԰Ķ󣬵kһֱôˡڴǿ°İСº󣬵kԱͷ˵Ľ䱸һµִ۷塣

ƽʱ޺ԵûƢĴèèȻ˵ôµĻú׼Ƥһ
Ȼ֪èèԸҲѯɣʶذסèè֣λȫƫһ·ɵȥ׸ɱˡ
oգۣ͵Ȼܸж⣬²̫ʡ
Ϊʲô
kͶȥɻĿ⡣
˵ҵĵԶԶֹǿףʵϣƿԶϣҪ٣ɵӰҲ΢΢ġɱĹҲֻӵļ̳ˣรǸ1ӤλȻسΪǲٿصĿܡ
رǿ׷Ѿ˼£壬ǵ߼͵ˡ߱λԸӵߣеκ˻Ըſ߬ŵȨ
ŵèo΢˼˵˸ֲ飺ǾͰȫɱ

ң岻ȫ޿ɾҩĸ࣬ʱֻĿĲͬŻվڶϡ˵ҪʵֵǸĿ꣬£ҲҪƽĹɣͳν׼ͻȻֶϲ㡭ţЩҪȴȵ̸Уøս˵ɡ
սǷᱬб޻ûġ
˵⣬һ̧ۣͿoƶǶ飬ʱЩ̿
ûж룬ۻסԷ޳Ĳûκ˼oȻ˳ľٶЩ
˼ľһΪ㣬˲䣬ڵkĴ¡
o˫صӳԼƯ۾ǿҫǣɣЩ鷳飬װèèģǽƻȥɡ
ڡƻòࡱպ£ƭèoȻһֱûʲôֿ
ǸѵˮǺ󣬱ԵߵĲƸ֮һ¾ͰԼ֮ǰøɸɾˡ


223 
ϲĴ˶, һʱŵƺÿ졣
Ҫѧϰһ۵׵ĻǻһڴŽٽȤ£һΪɱصıĬдͷţҪûڿȡúóɼĻ, ǵĳɼԽԽĸѹ, Ҳ㹻Ǹеյˡ
㹻ù, ָӵһ츳ĺͯ, ÿڽһεĿԣڴ£ǰʮĺǣɸ߽Ϊǰ䷢״, ӵжöҵļأ
żֲ뵽ⳡעꡢҵĴеĴ˶, öһǼĹǮɶԺӶԣöһľ޿ˡ
ҪǣԽԽ, ĻԽԽ࣬ĸҲԽԽִ󷽣඼øԼľסˡ
СǵĽѧҪ, óöԼ˵صõˡèè͵ǻۡı, ǻϲصشϽ֣ѡԼ۲˺ܾõСԡ
ڴе˲šһЩѶ˹ӿ׸ǺԭҪ4Ľƻ˴, ˶̶һʱ͵3/4Ľ̡
ԭͳƵϲһٴֵĹά˹ؽ, ڸǵ֮ĿǿȻǳȶõ˼, ֮ǰ3-4·м䲿λǹţ峵ͨе·, ֳ򣬳ݲ䡢򣬶밴ϻƵļͷָķͨУʱ̼ල͸߶¹ʷ£еܲӦļݳˣͽʽˣԵһЩʣµһЩ߽שѳɵĻ̳ŸַʢŵĻܣѾðɫ֦Ѿ磬̳ȦԤõˮϵͳ渲״ĸӣһЩģǹͨеĵ··ٳĿռ䶼㹻˲ߣͬල·̯˽ռãλеģ̵̯ľӪܶԶ֮ǰĸߣھĹ滮¿ĿռҲͨĳЩ϶ﻹֻ֡ÿ춼ɹƵǽѷʴĴͰԼѹʯƳΡܻۿۺ󡢴С̯Щֿʳһһõߡ
Щ½ľʯȺȻΪѭһı׼ƶṹϸ߶ƣשɫϸϣȴǷеġڸ˵Щ˰ʯġΰϽȣǧƪһɵ뷿ӵͷɫʣʱ¶ĵЦ⡣
ǵս㣬ΪǴһеλʰ뿶ڹеʱҲɵƽżƻ
ͬ˹ݶ˵ǵδԥ̫ãͽ˹ŵǿź׵׵ؼλǿʢĴ󹫾ġʹ
ȻζţǷĿԴʹ˳С
＾;ִﰮ˰չٺͿʯѺ˹٣עһʵʵıŸˡ


æ͸ҵĽֵϣԶԶա·߼ŶԼƷСͻŻŵر̯ϵƷ˵ıԹܡ
Ȼûãڹ̳УһλλθߴĮʿԦһ۲ĿųҪҲһĵķٸȥ
ϾһЩС岻˵ģҲ㹻þǸеϰΪˡ
̣ӾϵִſӵеġǶԣҲ
ǲضǶлεĳ󲿿˻ᣬܿ죬˱ϳǷ£²ģ
ร²˵𣿡
ҪûǴĻ첻ѾȥԳ𣿡
ô
㿴˰ɣ
ôܣ
ڴĶǼȹģҲġΣǰҪ
ȥҴҵĳӣͶĵһöСʯӣһС󣬺ܿعƽˡ
ƽ޴ӵ֪ǣģ²λѾ뿪һ࣬Ӧ»µС㡣
ɫشǾĺȹڴྶͥ䣬һժ˿ףһѯŴæϵĹܼң𣿡
ź𾴵С㣬ܼҳɵ˵õ̷³ԵңѾˡ
š
ǣһĲС㲢δ¶κγƵϡԾǡҪΪԼ׮Ϊͬס½׹ȦЦĻ£׷ѡ
ƽƽص˵ͷ׼һ£ȥ
ǡ
ܼҼʹɣǹظӦС
ûҪλûһͬصġɷ䡣
ϾСΪ򯾴ĹͽеĴ嶼Ųɵ¡
ϾӦĳҲΪ̶ϼԼλ鷳ԭŷʵ֪ʶ֮ά˹٣ڶȡλҲգؽԼ滻˹ɣԻ־
˵˶֪λϹǱλϡͽɱģֳĳеǣǴؽһ㡣
ϼ䷱æϴȥһ糾͵ĲСҲָݹ´ǰλĵλá̷
ĵûδλҵĹСĵͽǸеţǻϲ治бӵزʱߵŮ㹻üƵǮңǾͶĹеӻӭˡ
Ϊ߽׹ʹŸյ޽һ־ĻҲʵؾֱʸ
мţй£ΰĹʹߡ
ضôһ仰󣬾˳Ƶխڡ
⹹ң涼ޱȺءӵоѸЧǽڣŰҲúһָϵľģվһ֮ϣҲȫеͽµĻ
ΨһģΨһϸС׵ıǽƹһеĴڡеλٵĳߡΪһټ̳ߵĴٰŵ
ò죬ŲΪܡľ綾ȴԸ߹Ѫͯױ㱻ͽĨɱһϲŭ֣ƺעὫĺ궼׸
ӵеĻδϵĵλԼ˼߸Ρ
׷Ƥ԰׵ý̬Ĵپһ࣬ƽֱһߣ۾ţŮǸ˵ߡ
źûܼ
ʢĲҵС㣬ҲǼҵ²ķ˵Ůسţҵɷ쳣޺Ϳ־壬λϼ޻ԽһҵĻ޴ȤԱ¡λС͵Ҫ󡣡
Ψһջ񣬾õɡ
˵ţβָɵƿ˽С϶ǰڳȹڲǱ룬ؼ˹ȥ
һֱĬĴڿڣʮָлС㡣
ݵؽǱ޵ĸƽЩۺۺ󣬲С˻С


224 
˴뱲ӵ, ĵ粻鱾ÿ˶Ǯ
ƺǴȥɵ켣ų׸ıˡ
ÿ춼򽻵, ֻǴֳʽ, ɡӡʽܾһ㲻̫һˡ
ÿҹڴϵʱ, ̲ס˼һ¡
λĹ¾ǳʲôԭ򣬲ȫԷѵʽ, ӡͶЩ飿˵ջ˳ɱ
ǿαҲǴĹ, ǲһЩƺƽƽľ, һЩɹױдµġ̸ļͽ顣
ԲƵͷеʮֲܵرȥ룬ǲòϣʵںܿ﷦ζ
ٲϲݡ
α͡мαͲͬˡڸӡˢ, Ҷⷢ۵ĵһ, ˵˺˴ƽлǳٵѧһЩֲֳļ, ǱһЩСȥĳĲˡ
ǡʹĶ䡱һ֤ʵǶλ߸ϵýһȼʲѵĹ, вسŪ
, ҿЦ;ڰѸ, κβ˺, ˵ղ, ĬĬϢˡ
죬С㲢ûڹС̫ã쳹׺͸ǰͻصլۡ
·ϻġѡ˹ҵС㡣
ͬΪ˸˫ἴʱ̽ͷĿ²ƻյĳ찡װİ϶รӦóƺΪɷˡ㾿ʲôʱģ֪Ѿػصˣһ㷢Ĳҿɶ˵λΪĲɷĿͼṩһЩء
һֱŰ϶ǶԷô˵ػòȫָ߹Ĺ˵ĻԼǶԷĸ׿ѳ˿Ĺ͵ذͽֻԽ̬ǿвľλȴֻʣ²Щһ꿪ĲƲСɡ
ģô࣬϶ȴһںģ
϶ûƿŮǶ¶ʱ޲˵ҵĹܼǲӾµĲԼģһ㣬ΪӦ÷ǳ
Сиǿ¼޸һλ˵ΪоʹԷɫ䣬Ȼһҧ޺޵˦˳
ûв϶˳ػص˼С
СﳤһһľϤˣȻҲûȤȥоǲֹһЩʵĽΡ
ϾҪ붬ҹѾ䣬ź׵˸ҵ鷿˵͵ƣʼ顣
ʱһһ͸־ͬϵͬ飬һԼղأʱġ
ֽƵļ۸ҪһöҡٺõĲʣ߽ҲΪƵķĶ΢΢ϸСѺۡ
Ը¹õЩζŵС㣬ʱȴޱȵظҳСĵط
Ѿʮζͬһˡ
ϲĲ֣һС¶Ů顪֪һȫʵ⣬¶ˣҲ͸ӹˡ
ͨЩ飬ؿԼһ֪涼硣
Ǹ֮Աǣм˽⣬߸ϵĵط
緢¶ϵ£еؿڷɺ¶һֵת䣬ڸеϲ֮࣬ȻһЩˡ
Ϊ֮ŮСעҪ޸һλΪ֤ԼѪͳͽһֱĹ͢ŮٵεĽʦԽ̵Ȼʶֵġ
ɡ¶͸׸ǣūĺӶȥѧѧָ֪ʶ
ûж˲
ŮܴĹֻҪ㹻Ŭ㹻㣬ʹūŮҲɱ䡣
϶Ȼں¶ӡūתΪƽ񡱵ݣڹƺһ΢
ȴˣ¶ƾԼŬ˷ĵ𾴺Ͽɣϵ׷
ġ
ҲãʿҲã֮Իϥ棬ֻΪĹݡ
ĸ׾ж಻ѧֻ᲻ƿɳܵ£ֻҪǡ²ͻһֱԡٵٹ¡
ˣû
¶ȴͬûȡЩѧ֪ʶ
Լϲ¶Ĺº󣬰϶ŮСĵĴߴ٣ȴû⡣
·ζģλ鱾ҲҪǼҳݡ
Ĭǰκҳݡ
һĲǻ磬ܵĻ⣬˳ӿǶ˵ĽζޱŨң֪Ұ޶֪ǸΣղܵҪתܵĵطѵ᲻֪𣿡
Ȼ
ףʱԼһģ˿ȡλϡ
ѡʹӲȥ
ûô
ǳκ˵ǳڶԱӵĿ־壬ټĹȲֻһˡûܿûǿһһ
ܿˣһλͨԤʿһ۵ūһ̵ȫȫԼ־жġ
֮£Ƕüεİ϶Ȼеؿڵġ͸ͬܵʹࡣ
Ŀ¶̣ɿЩݣһСΡ
סһĿ飬Ȼڣΰèèָ£һжΰ뿪ƽ壬Ĺɿɢ䣬Զӻط
ǽܿˡɡ
ӴˣΪһΪգҲҪĳеĺӣ˶Զؼס֡
ͬʱ̫УҲһͳţһһ١
һƲǻ𣬻ꡣδܳһʱעй⣬ΨһģҫĹ⡣
Ǹĵܵܣױд֣
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ŴԳضĹףٿĵһʫԿŵг¡
εЦָһҳֽûϸݣҪ˦ʲôණһӶˡ
۵ųȻΪЩ౰/ū蹦̵¡ҿǷˣֱҵĳ裡
Ϲڵʱ򣬰ڵļλӣòԶԶ׵ʹҲԳƵǲ۲۵ӡ
ֻڴλ֮󣬿׵˥ٶȾǽҶӣǷɿش׳ôݻơ
ƺܾöû˯һþһƬڣҲˡ
ĹǶδ֪ľƳн̬ȣûۡ
ΨһЩֺùû壬ԼһϹЦ²۾⵱˷йĴʱ
Ȼվ˳͵Ӣı°˵ȷˣλĹӦΪԼ޴Ͷе߳ܣΰĹΪĹˣҷĵңǿŮȻҵڱҫٹıӻѰٵĹޡ
𣿡Լʹ²ȴǲмһ˵ģڣҲز˶ԷҿСϵı飬ɲͬ׵˼
ˡ𾴵ı¡
İ϶治ɫݵȹڣϥ󣬱㲻ػشױ׾ԴǣлϲҲ֪޾л⡣
϶̬ȣȻûù⡣
𣿡
΢ۣ̱شƯĲС㣬ΣƺӹһĨ˵Ķ⡣
ѾΪĸеĵܵܰδް
΢΢Ŀڳϻ̳Ͽֵ²ϣ˶üŮŷĽͰɡ
һ˲²ڣﶼ¶һĨ㵡
һЩΪŰɵĹ壬ͬغݺݵšüĿȻңҪŮĹδݣһԷڹ£ǵĲ֮ӵ޽һЦĻ
޴ģС
ﰵš
С˲ͬ²ؼԹ̬ԡԸðŴŭķգΪ޹ŮΧ
ڰ϶˳ӦǰģһλϲĹ߽͢
𾴵ı£ҵϥأڲӢĴִͷҪ


225 
ڳԼĿȴƮƮȻ, ʱĿ׹ζ뵽⼸ڹƺλø׼ɵѵĹʾõĴֻȴձɵؽƽֲԨ
һڿڽʵĳر䱻̧, ¼װ壬͢к, һһ
͢Ƿݳ嵥ĸ߿ɤⱦĹǻġǲΪΧǱѵĸԹ岻ʱͶȥһƳ, Ů۸߰˿ڴЦ˴˵ʲô
˵עʱ, ϶ץס, ŮԼ뿪
ڹѪµĶ⣬ʵ㵣ġûһ⣬Ψһѡλ׷Ĵ٣Ҳһ跨ΪΧġ
̬̫̩Ȼ, ͢Ůɻ˹ȥ, ϡͿȥˡ
͹ʮڴķ󣬸оĿױ罫֮ǰͷˡڹʹ߽ǱϹϾʾõȻڴӦᵽģֻһЩֵ׸¹ĿͨһЩСƷΪǵ˴ȥ
ûע⵽ЩƽƽĻ, װһ俴ƾ¡߽Ǵմǵĺɫ, Ǳ˴˿˯¡
Ʒܹ׷, ҲͬŹײҡڼʿĸ˺һʵȨߵ׷
һԴ覴õĻܿ챻һ, ȻҲ·ڡ
ڹ˲ûе̫, ɹίɵʹ, Ǿ͹˹ǵ룬뿪ˡ
Ƿ֪飬ʱĿ뿪ľٶǲˡ
Ϊֻ˶̶ʮ죺һֱ֡Ķǣͳ˷츲ذļת䡣
߱
ߣ
üŵΪʲô
˹ݶŬ£˵ҲѾ˳פ˲˵ߣСʱ򣬾мض㣬һϢһʱ䴫˳
ˣϢֻɱͺ
ż͵ԼʱǴٶȱҪļ֪ѾׯԼ;Űʲôˡ
ǵģ¡˹ݶʹߵв׿ҲԸ׷ϣǣ
뿨ʲôϵ˵߲һͬʣסڹ͢Ĺٷ͵ˡ
ӦüͷԼԽܿ춪Լĵ⣺ȡӦԲʲô
˹ݶȷһֻҪһǿ׳ũūȥĿֻ߲Ǽ򵥵Ŀ󣬿ױر˵ڶһš
΢
Ȼֱ֪أǳ򣬾ߴɵĸǽ
ڹ͢Ϊĵĵһǽڵģ˰е⡢ڵĺĽ⣬ǲϵĹլۡǾɵľģǺΰׯϵԼӵоסеʸ񣬡ʱ޿̲ԡٹСĸ߽١
ڶǽڵģƷϵ͡һʵȨĹ壻Ǽӵܶĵľ˲ƸҲ㹻󷽡ˣֻڹӣʿеĳԱϷʣĿռķݽΪСҲԳƵƯճ̷ǼҾľ
ǽڵģƤ˹ĴڣԶԶû׵ǿͽ׹ĳ̶ȣҪΪƱܻ÷ı꣬㹻
ĵǽھס̷ͨũչ±ǽ𲻴һ۵ı߽߱ǽŵģǶʤĶѬСƶߡ
ȸ׸ǵƶҪҵǣ޼ҿɹ顢ֻ۵Ļȥʱһͷ˰ʱղǮΪūǣڰڴϡ
½˰ڵѲ˶пĳλʿ£ǾǱ鲻õĶԷԡðߡ۾ĻɴɱˣҲκ˵Ĺġ
سţҲ
Ͼڲȷ;£Чķ
룬Ҹ׵˸ΪĽͣʣȻأ
ȴ˹ݶˡ
ѵ¶ãȻȻ󣿡
ͬʱеȻĶ˶Ƭ̺󣬰΢ϸһΣ˹رճ⣬׻ʲôţ
Ȼ֪ûпص£ʱҽ𵽵΢΢ֻǰοǰװİο
õʷţ֢״ߵĸ۲죬ʱ񲡻ȥʬ塭ЩвǰζԿʱľ飬ܸɹҺʵȥɣ
˹ݶ΢¡
ڷӦС¹עصʲôˡҲζţĴ𰸣һ˺λĵޱȵĹ¡
ʲôҲûеЩѣ˹ݶ˵飺ֻȾԼǵļˡ
Ҳǹ壬ǵȻԸðôΣȥִڰװ
˹ͷβûеõִй
سŵ͵͵ѡְءЩפڳӪѵʱӹ鷳ͨʿԼӪصĴţšɱҿƽȻҲԸְ񡣡
û˻ȡġпܲԼʱһʴĳС
ĴĿ⣬ҲΣյʱڳſڡ
ǲˣҲǵڶ˵Ĳҡ
߲󺣵ĺͨ裬۳ţת˲Ű˺޵֮ǡеһлʩ̱ҪԮǣȴֻؿΨһܸṩĹع˴šߵԴӶǡ
Ĭˡ
ǽⳡΪȣ¡˹ݶԼ֢״һշȣڶҸ³ɫŧŧ󣬱鲼ȫʹŧѣѪֹգڸȥ
νȣΪ˶Ųաֻмܹ漣Ȭ˶
ϢɵǴûôıӣȻλڵڶڵȴܴĵط
ŵһȾȥĥĹ⾰ðؿ΢ϣģ͸

һֱйעСµĽ̲꣬סˡ
˹ݶ΢㵵УkȻرסʱƺ͸硣

óο˵o׾ظţ˵ͬ鲻֪ҰèֻСŶԷ˿ڡ
˾ƲƸĵk׾ٵظͽȥһòĲƸҲ׶ߴɴݻꡣ
ɵkȻŴܣ൱ǿȴϾ֮׸񣬲ʹߵ֮ϻٻ߲
û¡
ܵèèĹģŸо˲ͨ֫ٺı䣬һصȥ
ֻǸ߹ԣ͹Ķ񡣡ƽȻƿ˲÷ſԼĴèèȴס˶Է֣ΣǲӲԼ
Ȼг˹һԵ͵֡
Ѿ̷ˣڹܼҸ˹ڹϵϣ۴СܰΪбֱӵ׿ʹĻᡣ
һɲǣͼֱò˳βǿѹ࣬ŬװȵģʱķԸ£
븣˹ŵǺȹҪҪ˵꣬㿴¶ɵ˹ݶһЦ㵱ȻҲҪ¡
˹ݶȻ©һġ
Ρϵξжʶ仰ķʱûסĲС
صͷ­ǣ¡


226 
ϣ ȥ
һλڵĵǽǰһ˽Ŷٵغš
ͻȻĸ׵ĺСкʱһ ŵǰҲ͸ŵˡ
ֻǰӲȴڻûصʱ򣬾ͱһֱڵϻ˺һסȻȲһڵǵ׽š
ˣ
˵ţ קСкص £Ǿ㲻𣿻Ǹôһòô죡
Ȼ¶ģ뵽֮ǰǸÿࡢݵǸɲƴɵƶкˡ
ҪǸвĻһҲˡ
뵽ںеⳡȫƤùŧʹధȥĿߣ̲ס˸¡
ҪôʹķʽȥԸɱԼ
ôµͷü޵ģ ʳ
һбúףʳѾˡɷǸҪеˣһǰ׸Ǳȥˣ ֻչ˺ӡ
Ȼ ƽʱĻ͸߲£ǹļ˰οǣ ǵԼܵӰ ѡ˽Ӷϵ
ٳŲϤļ£ ޼סѡ£սľòסͷȻ֪ûãðȥ
ƽʱֵϿտҲ˵ˣ˶޼
ֶʵɥޱȣֻǿ񣬸СֺĶ˵Ժ˵֮ǰҪܳȥˡ
һķƵĶԻкࣺܶʳȱ߲Űû֪ᷢʲôȴΧԽԽš
һԵĶ񲡣ʸߵëȻǸе־ǣı㣬Ȼڻӵĵǽ⣬ڵĺ͵ǽ֮䣡
û֪ͷĸһʿӣǴȾĲ޽Ǹڼﱬ֢µ̬ȥʱǲŽʶԡ
Ѿ̫ˡ
ӷȥʱ䡣㹻ͬһµǣ̽ǣױؼˡ
һʼΪ߾񣬵ʬ̫࣬ƵƵһ˶
ʬأΣʬҲº󣬾ûԸЩµʬˡڼҵţȵɿ췢ãŷɢŻĴ̱ǶɫŨҺ塣
εľ´ÿǰҡȷȷʵɹʹ߽סġʥͥΨȨϵжҲѵõػ߳һͬͳޣȻＴû˲գܱӸ߲µҪõöࡣ
ˣ
ںġ񡱣ֵǮĶ˶֪סڵڶǽ˶ˣֻҪҲ⵽Ǿֵõġ
ܹҲ˿õľȣΪܿͻӭرȨĸһЩΪ㽡äĿظԼµһеס
ǰȻĳߵλ޿ȡġ
ֻڳ߲ͽùе겻ʱ̣ƺϢģȴڡ
ܳȥ𣿡
߱ĵ20ʵڲԸԵĹÿ춼ѯһΡ
ĽҲ䷳ظ˷񶨵Ĵ𰸣ǵùź̾Ϣ
˵Ƿǳ仰ʵģʵǣЩȾѾ
ɢ־߲ǲһеĴӴܣЩƴµļҵ˲ˣֻżĲͼˣŻŵӳǡ
߹ϴСƵǲȥģϱ߾ͳ˾󲿷˵ѡ
ҵǣߵѾȻϣӰΡһ·£εҲɢ
ڰõ߲Ϣʱ߲ĲʵѾִ˶Դ˲޷졣
ﱬߣпܻڲúִ׸ǣѾִˡĸǺܿ쵽룬˹ݶº󣬰ͿżɽˣǱչʩԱǾߵĿ·ˡƷҪϷأһŲ롣
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Ҳ޿κε¡
ѡ񣬰ҲԸѪضܵĺԹֻۣԱ
Ҳ֪ƾһ֮ǲսʤѸݵĿߡڲԴͷ£⽻ͨľٴ룬Ҳͽ޹ġ
ϾܵסֻˣȴסһóͳӬ
ҲҺԷȨʱҪԼ̫Ͻͨߵ޺ӵǱͲࣺ˴ӳԶУҲǴ嵽ĳľˡ
ҳ˱͸ĸ׸꣬Ҳ£ﵽ˾ʶԸĵز׵ķڶڣٲ̫Ӱ
˹ŵǽ󣬰תȺ˹ݶе鷢̫ͻȻˡھƽŵʱҲºпܻ˳ûӪҥԣС͵УɿġɧҡԤжǵĹҾͷĵؽˡ
˺ԥظǣ¡
ԽԽʵɿĲ£ٲʱҪ޾ϸزˣܼҸ˹ࡪűҪϽʮĸ׸꣬ȴټƣԵЩࡣ
Ҳõ˳ֵֻ֣ҪȷرԼ뷨ƶ·롣ھϸڵ̶ʵͽĲɵһһȥ
ⳡٿĻܿɢ⵽ߣȻû̫ãߴصĳžΰٵָʾһ¡
ţά˹Ƹ֮¥·ͬʱУŸտʼһãȻֹĻƣ̧ͷ
ûϢʱ򣬶ǵһγôáѵǾ
ܼͼ٣ʾһֲ顣
ţܴӱ˴˵õ𰸣¶
ֻðĵĲ۵㳡ȥˡ
ͨǱĴһУٴΪ½ܳĹǿЧʸеϲ
ΪúԶ㳡ϵ˵ʲôܶȺһȻ˵èè󡭡ţϣʵҵһԸ
ĸĿڣƸ֮νǺüˣԥá
֮ǰһһ⡣תԷɵشڴ̨ϣ΢ãչҫ°׵ڷ⣬ǴoЦװĲƸ֮񰡣ܴӿµ߲𣿡
Ƹ֮˲նػشԣұи׸ˣά˹˵׸ͺն򶼿
Ϊ֮׸񣬼ͷߣҲٻߡ
kġ޵Сҽѧ֮նȴԶkǿͺ󲻾þѷֻ֮пľ˲ǿڡ
ٹȥ󣬺նܿ˳ߡ
õ֮еĴ𰸺󣬰һ¾Ͱˡ
λƺѳߵoΪûҪʲôԸèèԼƫλoǷĪծ
ı£ȥһٻҪĽƺЩȻ̫Ȼƫƫͷ¶һoɰò˼ЦݣȻҪǴһװġһɹȥ𣿡


227 
ʵϣ СԸ󣬸ߴoͿĵҪ¶è䡣
ǰҲؿǽӲӵġë׵Ķ⣬ زġ
δܲ׽Ưֽƻࡱѵ¶ɬoȻܿͲ׽˻ؼϢ˵kݡ
ֻб˴˵£ȥ˶ʶȥǵkǳϲҽϤġԼᡯ
ákӦţ ͵͵رסС£ ǵʱ˭Ȳھȥ𣿡
ԵkУǼ⣬Щ̿á

ǡ
ÿҹǵе尾ʱȻԴļϮǵ׹ĺҹУٰĹܸеһЩ˴ٵϣ
һҹǼ˼һ͵⣬ ֻһ㵭ɫ¹ţͶµӰ̳˵Ұޡ
ЩӰӸҰ޵ģǴ˷ġӸҸﴫģ ʹధ֪ԾĲˣ ݽʹĲԶԶţ͹ɬǸе־
ȻЩŵɪɪĿֲ ƺȫصĳǽ ܴĹ͢ˡ
סڵǽģ вټҾʵסƽʱҲûȥǮƣıӡ
ΪʲôҪӵʱ򣬲٣Լ
ͷŭںڰʱҲѡΣյʱ߳ߵļ⣬½Ĺǰ
ּˣװͬ顣
һصĻҶʵʵӰȻ
϶С㡣
ɫĶסĿİɫθݵĴתɫҲ
ߵһûиŮҲûһﶼ͸ɵġλӦסڵһĲˣ̬ȴ̹Ȼֿ֡
ڰ϶뿪ġߺеĵط˿û¶Ծ飬ֻȻףܸˣּˡ
ҵȷ˼ˡһ֣ԼղΪʲôҪе⣿֪ģ㡣
ԭһֻչˮĴľͰ˵䣬Է˽żǰĵϣȻ̧ͷӳ¹⣺ϳζ𣿡
׷Ĵ΢΢ͷǳ˼һСȻס
ܺá
ȻܺáƺǵһΣع᳹Լ־
ĿñͽѧϰƽֻͯΪ죬⵽ʹʩӰ裬ĥȥ
ʱʲô
ûмôʱʮƺǾʧܵ˵ʱĴǰԷǸĺӡ
รҵĺúӡ
ݴȱƵĴٸ˫ְļϣڴݾ΢΢ֻǱ΢ƽ񵨸ðĳͷţҪ治ԸĻ뿪𣿡
ǸӵĸĸȴޱŶѧҵ跨ıһСµְġΪͽ㾡ǸƶļҵǮˡ
ǸӱҲǴֶ£֪Ѵܱ䱾ʦߵݣҲûﱧԹȻŬѧϰš
Ȼһεõɼ󣬱衱ǸӾҵĶү׽ס̵ӽĹεǿˮ
ȰŵҵǸʱԷѾˮݵĿȫǣֽҲ͵úܴǰǷ񾪿ֱֹ治ˡ
ʱ룬ԼԶ޷ԸľӴҲˡ
Ĵڣ𾴵ĴĴȰΪʲôö֮ؽŵ񡭡Ӷ
û뵽ǻô׵ط㣬϶һôڣɵͬ顪ǵģŵΨһͬ顪Цܸô𣿡
赭дѲʱҵǵ棬һλߵ
ⳡѽǰᡣ
һֻĿ£ؿŸȥԼȴֻڰȫı
϶е̾˿ȻܰȻվȻıӻɡ
Էÿɷ
϶룬㡪ΪԼװȣǸ̰ĸ׽ԼϳѾ㹻ˣŵȴҪһЩ
Ҳûйϵ
϶룬ĿáʵкѾںԼܻˡ
˵**ܵļ尾ܵģǾϵľ
ǰ΢ϣƯʹȴ⵽Ūǰδϡ
ΪԼѾسˡ
ڼһõĹʶԼûоȫֻųȵĻ⡣
ԶԶûǵϵĳ̶ȣѾŵüջ˽ţ·ȶȾ㹻ˡ
찡ųöȻΪԼ㹻¸ҡ
͸飬ͨôഫţĹģʶж޴Ц
ͬҲζţŴĵԼ޷ٰȻںڰˡ
뵽϶̲סЦЦˣһҪװѰҲҪȥæ˰ɣ
ڼ򵥵Ľ̸ǰྶͥȴ˵ĶˣܿĬѡ˷ֿ
˱ű෴ķԽԽԶʱȻ뵽ʲôͷҲصһ䣺ˣΪʱѰλoıӻ
ŵһ٣ת
ع˲䣬ĹСҲعͷ
߸һϣ¶ɱѩɣĮû˿ǰ٣Ȼ¶һĨܵʵ΢Ц
ȻԸӻߵʰף˽ʹķ˹˵㹻ǰͬŭĻƽؼѾ˼ģλֻ룬ϣΰèè񡣡
ǷoʵҪΪ٣г
Ϊг󣬸ζۼʶ񡪡ҾɰɫĴʯĵ̳£һٶطš
ҲΪkǿ뿪ٱ˽̵̰ˡ
ǣͨɡ¶͸׸һУȴһִδϣ
ΪһλʱѵõЩ
ϲٹ⣬ȴһλޱȸ߹õĴڡ
kһõһõĹȣԲȥΰס
ߵ˲ϲᣬˮŶδ֪Ļ֣̿ʧȥ֮˵ʹҲŶԿôΣյĵطĴٵĸм
ǲ֪ǣʵѾƽʡеģȴ£һЩ뷨
ʰĸٵ
ʥࡢǿ󡢹ȱϣѳߣǻһбƷʵĴڣ·Ҳؽ֮ȵ񣬷Ϊ񡣡
ϵۣѩ׵۽ű촽һƽֱߡ
μķ˹ҶΪҳϵͽǴ׵ʯĤݡ


228 
ŨصҹĻ ߴĳǽڳǻԻĵƻɫڽϴӰ ñɭɲɫʡ
任òİèèİ£˲Ƶķʽʱûϳڼŵǡ
Ǿ߹ֵͳ̾˿ʹġ
Ǳ˺ưܶУһϣ
˵ɡѾŰİ¶׸ҳƶߣ д˿ϣĻڵǵģֻʣȫȻľˡ
̫ˡ
صŹȥһ°
һ̶̵Ľֵϣ ҵضʬס䵽ֵز֤Ѿûлŵܶǽˣ ֻѱ
ݿã ǰϽöҵᣬ ȴǿտҲһЩྫµķݱֱƻŻţ ԭҪôѾʱ԰֮ ҪôѾòˡ
ٵƻȥѹιʣµʳ ˻ڵᣬҲƵ͵١ЩѾʶЩүǲֹǵġ
ϾùʶͨѹͨƽһʱĿ⣬ ԶԶȲ϶ǿµ߲Ҫ
ûע⵽ǣ èèվ⻧˼ǰ˼ʱ Ҳ˫۾ؿİס
оͰǸпϵСкĸס
Žż⣬ ε͸ŷ۲¹ڳˣﲻϲ²ǵݡ
ǲ֪ߣóȻǰçײ
֪пµ߲ڣȴԮ˵أ
ѵ´Ϊ͹̫ЩģҲֻǸ۾
֣
û˸ɷǼλ͸İʶŰжѡĽϳ˰Ĳ䲽ĴҴҵļ⣬ûһ俪ẉ̂ǮҲòȥˣʳĵ곤Ѳ֪٣ʹż뿪ˣҲѾı/ɱϣԽԽ಻ڽεͨôŰķʽû˵Ķʱ־裬ǻ˺ͺӡ
ʳԽԽ٣˵ǴˣٵķǺǰ͸ԵƤġ
ԭΪֻҪǮͺã¹һЩҲһ򵽡
ʵϣ߲С͵ǿеǣûпŵĵˣſڴĽңȴһֱ䲻µġ
Ҳ̫ƵѰ٣һȾĻĶӾһϣûˣֻнǵصȴ
ǰİˣΨһϣ
Ҫӽǣһ˵ṩԼһЩʳͬĺأ
һ߾ᣬһѳζʱȻƺҪ뿪ˣ
룬һ£
룬ҪǴλ󡢻᲻һΡֻҪϾҪӵĶӣٿȻͳһе˳ȥ
˱ת˹
˫ľ벢Զһ³ּƴܿͳ嵽˺ܽĵط
ϽɲסŲ̫ӽˡ⵹룬Ϊ߶ԸԼĽӽ
ʯأǴＳȡһ̧ͷسһֺõЦݣ𾴵ҪæʲôԸֻҪһʳ
ԽԽСԽԽСȻͻȻϵˡ
񰡡
оͷôȻŵԷ֣λŵ壬òҲԽò˼飡
Ҫһλ򵼣Ϥ򵼣Ůʿ
ƺܾŵĸˣԺȴɵûċqжǿĳ
ֻ⸾˵͋qжԵĲͬȻ̫ϰߵ˵İǹԮڣҲġ
Ϊ˰ĶԷϵЦøˣ룬ڼĺӻҪԿֻҪƼʵѡҾһ֧ͬȵıġ
δѵͷèèȻܲ˼ϷϽϿĲ£ֻܰѿɰ򵱳ռˡǰֿС󣬻Ǳмףȫ֧νıꡣ
ĸϻ鷳ȸһЩ㹻ӦʳͣʵĵȾͿİŰɡ
ǶԷƯüֱĿѣԣվ˺һͷ
Ϥѡ
˼һ󣬸ĩǼݵĵַʴȵסĴ٣ŵʲˡôΪ˴ٹ⣬񼲶δɢȻڸܴοء
٣
𰸣Щ⡣
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λ˵˵ȴǺΪȻԸ⽫ôҪĴٶͳڳǣΪ˸ṩ֧
ֻο޼ڻ飬ⷽĹػȻġ
ȻҪһۡ
ڳָķȥʱèèϿ˿صͷ
kظȥǱѹ͵ĺȻҲ̬ˡʹ͢˾֣ҲŬš
էȻ֪ǲûôɥףоοࡣ
oһص˵ͷš
һľִʩĻҽĹͻɶˡԣôҵ龰ڿһ˿ϣ⣬kСࣺܶʺ;飬ҶṩһЩ
һֱĵЩƮƮȻoȻʶʲôɵʣǣˣǰĵ𣿡
ˣԼ㣬ĲƸ֮ġ
ҪǴҵkҪʲôԼŲأȥṩˡ
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Ƹ֮Բ´͵׸Ѿ˯ˡ
û֮Ľ룬ⳡѱƬֱȼһܴġȼϡΪֹ
һİţûèèȴûаﵽھ⻰ĺõع˾䣺̫źˡkҲҴδء
ʶèoҲգظ˴𰸣ȻһʶϾܰﵽء
kȤ˵Цˣʶʲô˼
̸䣬ǺܿĿĵء
û뵽ǣӵĴǰȻ˯ǳСĺӡǵĿȻΪ͵ԣԷΪݾĴҹޱ£ҲȻŸ߶ȵľ衣
˭
Ǿϸ΢ıòȻģȴܿع񣬽ޱȵעǣԴ𣿲˺ŵˣ
ݵЩĪڶݵ㶺󣬾Щعζˡ
ʱĴ٣ǷһеΥĽ
΢΢üȴºͣź¼ˡȴ̵صǰĺӽ͵ȻǡˣֻżȻ·˵ǵǵϣΪѵṩһЩܼİֵ֪εߣƺػŵλ١
δ˵꣬ƾɵžͱ˴濪ˡ
ʶͶȥߣͼһλɫ¹ӳԲ԰ף۾ȴԣƽվ
ԶĿˡԷ΢ƺܿԼĺͫ𲻱ҪĹע䵭Ƿṩֵ𾴵ǺڰемȰǻ𡣡
ʵϣһϲֽΪƿ߳ġʫķʽ˵İؽ׺󣬰Ѿ̫Ӧˡ
еЩϤľӺЦЦ׵ȰٰŷŲͬȻлҡǻ𡯵ĸ߶
Ȼ⻰λ׷ͫٺȻסŲתͷؿһۡ
ƺɿӹʲôʣǸΪʲôôۣ
ǵȻΪΪдӵˣҲȻؽȥΪǻ޹⣬ұΨһĹ⡯


229 
ŵ룬 гֵɻԼˡ
Ϊ˳ĿƣǼＸǱɵĲ·ǰᵽݱǣ ڳб׼Լ̬Ϊ׶һλͻȻ֡ôԵμɵ˿УõǾ仰

βһԼɫƺ޸ı䣬˭ִܴеĿʱľĺ
˵һθղŵĻһգգλӵһͷƽƽطȴƯóˣܼ˿ Ŭ貹¸ղǾζʹ䣬˼ֿ󣺡Ǹ ҿ˵һΡ
¡
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ģ̧ҲеĻݣ òƽӹ ҲȺƾĸ߹ӱ
ȻֻǶݵ棬ƾʶ˵ ܿλٵߺﶼʼû˿Ĳ
һ߱ĵ̳żÿϸڶŵʦŻѪĵ֮ȴԼ־ж
ո˵Ǿ仰 ˫ĺ һػ⡣
΢
ӰŵʱļҷӦ ر֮ ѵǡ
ţԺ͸ֳһ˼Ĳ²⡣
Ȱŵڴߴ٣΢΢ЦţɫƯͫﵹӳŶԷӰȴԼһĨŵؿĴȱͣڻش֮ǰϣȵ֪֡
ŵԷԥػشҵǰŵ
Ǳˣ𣿡
ûֱӻش⣬΢תĻȴǲŴٵα˪Ȼڻ⣬ĸ롣
λˡȫ̲״̬λèè⡪ĿУλƽ˪Ψʱ¶һ˿͵Ĵ٣Ȼ¶һĨĵЦݡ
΢΢۽ҲûǿȵĹ⣬ǷǿҵĲ֪룬Ƿ红ͯĴϲ
ոһյ󣬺׵غȻõĴ
˼شӦȻҷǳ⣬ⲻˣлԸᣬ𾴵ĵ£ʥʹ

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Ҫèèĵؽ˵ǿ쵽ϵͳǿƻ˯ʱˣĴ٣δİǲôֿġ
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ϱȰŵҪС࣬ΪǱԷʥˣ˼·ˣڶλһ˲ڻ絥ĽĺͯޱسԼĴ٣Ȼؾó˳ߵ̬ȣΣѵʱ̣㲻İΣȷľϣΪ˱ϣĻ֣ΰèèؽ㡣
Ǹǰӵһλľ֧ġ
Ļһֱèo΢΢ͷͷϷһ񵱳
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ȻȻ֮ǰҪٸ֣Ϊʽ׼
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찡¡
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ŵۣԾɲ
ֻһ̵ԼҸԸӣһȥҲź
ǴȰĸǴδǣصǾ˵񡣡

ܽСµԸڵһλĲƸ֮Сƽʱܻ˯ʱ̣ųѵġ
뿪ǰûסŵ˵˼仰ǵԤʱ䣬ɵĽסʱʹʵѾ˯ˡ
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Ҳն׸˯ˣѵܻѵk
ţkȻһˡ
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kش
ͷܳһϵĳȹõ廨Ƶġ
k΢΢ͷ룬k
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ȻͨڱЧȴǱλèͳβ͵o׺ˡ
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˵˵ţܿ˵ȥˡ
֪ΪʲôƽߣȻ˿ǰѹȸУ˵顣
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ǣھעһ󣬲Ƹ֮·һһԵؽƿˡ
ô£
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ţ˼׽ŪƵĲƸ֮񣬸㲻ò뷨Ѷء
֪ǣƸֻ֮յһϣеЩġ
kע⵽kС¼䣬ûйĳνء
Щܵѡµĳӡֵܽü䣬Ҫİ֮䡭ǻиΪǵİƵġ
k΢˼£˾
Ȼ˿ǴŽ䱸ԻĿУֱ׳аΪ
仰˵꣬kּС¾ʹõǺȻؼ˾䣺룬Ҫ
˿
λֵֹoѵΪֻҪľӺһ롱ò
͵͵ǸۣƸ֮ǰҪˣֻңܽҪİ¡
⻰˿գգۡ
λƢƺǳԵŹֵoĵĺøУȴһ۷塪
üˣЦеźҼȲǰҲ֮񣬻֮ҲѾ˯޷ףǡǶôõİ鰡Ϊǵİõ壡
ȷĻŭš
°δôӢɰǡͨ
ϾеoУΨһԶʤȴ˳İµսĴѽ


230 
λ޵õŮ֮ǰֳ飬 Ƹ֮û⡣
ǶʱŷѺãkҲȻġ
лл
˵Щ kǷǳϲģòĻӦ
ֵضһ󣬵k׼ת뿪ˡȴôõk뿪
⵹ΪĶλֵֹ˶øУھôõĳ˯ָᵽ˼µʧ󣬷תһЩԼעĻᣬᱻץס
۾һתɵظ
̤ѩϵ Ȼᷢκ죬Ƹ֮ǺطС
ǵkڻƽĴǰͣ һֱߣޱؿ
Ϊµھӽȥ
ŸָԸϲã õŮǱȽóʵ֣ ⵽ Ҳ̬ϾͻȻص һֻΪ˿Ǹ°ܽ 𣿡
ֻһ£k΢΢ͫ׺ ¶һô֪ı顱ʱʶԼȻһ²µˡ

ԭĺ˵˵Ҳһ˼ĿŶȡ
һλѺõھӵʾЦӯӯǿ ӣ ϶ûȡ̺ļͷ֮ɣΪo ಻ᱻ̽飬 Ҫ˽ءҪھͶЩȤĻȽ΢ܰﵽŶ
ؿλoԵɫ¶һ
ᵢ̫õġϼų룺ֻǶھӱȽϸȤΪҲЩҪ㡭ô
ΣƸֻ֮˼̵ʱ䣬͵ƿţĬ̤롣
Ҳͽڡ̤롱һˡȫûoѺýĲƸ֮񣬼սŵһ̣ڲͨͥҵͳͳϣִԶ׼
˿ǲںЩ
ȷе˵˯ǰ޶ʧӰ٣oµ⣬ȫ⡣
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֪kѾ˯ˡƸ֮׷ʣҵk˯ĵط𣿡
֮Ըգգۣޣң뽫kѣ
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ȷʵ΢΢ͷϸһΪ𰸶̫ĵĶԷϿҵȻ̫ɣ϶Сk飬Ҳ
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ҪǱ»ڵĻ뵽õŮȻkôᣬССԸҲkһġ
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kҡͷͺȻ뵽ʲôһ¸Ŀڣ˭Ǵ׵ģ
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Ҳûèè˵飺󼸴αקǽĵشʱèèԼߣkȴֻʵʵһߵԼûвκ쳣
㹻֤ɫˡһλʱھѾڵokǱèèĸǿġ
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ظоԼˡ
ĵףʵ֪ǸΨһʵ𰸵ġ
ΪèèޱذŻôں飬Сػ
ҲŲ˽ģ֮ǰƭԼʱΪãǵǸΡ
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а취ġkسŵţеġ
kһ볤ߡ
λʧӰٵ⣬岢ûлoҲζţkĳߣԶκζĴš
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kٴǿţԼԡҪ¡
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ڵkǰ¶˲֪ɫڻŲ·£æؽ̵һȥ


231 

СͻȻĶ èoĿ¶㶣ʶͷ

k䷳طţǸԴӵõõŮ kĵò˵Ķصġǵĳƺ
°Ȼһԣ Ҳ˿赲èoǿҵ̽͹ġ
ȻİСͽൽһȥ kȻؾ͸ȥһֳŵ˰ŵǰ һֽǻıϵıϡȴµһലϡ
kǿ̽ġľٶͶ
kס˺ 峺Ľɫͫصӳѩ׼ϷŵƯõɫ
kĿ¶棬ǳ޹ kһֱ˵ӡ
ڸոտϵİУȴ·Լ˼֪ʵĵ⡪µkԼûʶ kѾ־ڱصá

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˼ǶŵĴèεذסİ
ۣɫ걻ţ ߳һĨþĶǵ޺죬 ڽ覵ѩϵһǾޱ
׷ʵЩǱֻèèҪһŪʱ޼ƿʩ ֻε˵ȴÿ 𣿡
š
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˼ſ˫ֻۣĻرèèë׺ůеoԼĻ
˫ɫƯè΢΢ʱҲһѡ

ûˡ
˫ҫԳɫһȸе飬ѵõƿߣװµȷ񣺡װģ˳ڲǰ׺ڡй£⻹Щ΢ĽӲèè񰡣һ˯㻹ȥʲôط𣿡
ΪתСèעʱ˦èһתƴèèעʱҲ׳⡯ë
ûʲôĵĽɫèȻһ¾ͱģػش⣺һȥҺն򡣡
նѾ˯ˣ˿˵⣬޷ѵkkԾɥûаﵽæ
ĽֿŵkڵƣֻԼģٴαèצ桭һ¡
ѾҺܶˣ˵̫ˡ㲢ΪЩġ
֡
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kȴûиӦ
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ʧЦΪһλİoλƽʱֵñȽϱ׾oҪʲô
΢΢Цţĵ˳ŵkĻʣΪʲôǵڶÿأ
˿˵һÿõ壬ԶҪİλ¡èoһ߻ţһϸ˵ֻеڶÿõ壬֧ġõ壬۵ĻоеŮ
Һܸл΢˸o׵ؾͲµ˵kʵ⣬׵ЦҲ˺֪᣺ԵĻл˰ɡ
ǻڵ˲䣬ؿèèĽɫ۾һ±ˡ
ܾoģ΢С£ֻ䰮Դ׵Ĵèôġ
ȫȻ֪ѾԼĿڲģС鲻̫õèè񣬻Ŭ˵һЩܻС¿£Ļģ𣬰˿õ壬ɱȻ԰ЩҪƯء
ݸš
ŸߴӢo΢ЦҵѾõ壬ҲȱƯĻ԰ҪģֻԸؾһеһֻԸס԰Ŀɰèѡ
ܻûܺܺõԼ飬ҲûôͶԼУȷʽĻӦ
ڵĻèè¶Ŀ飬֪һ㣺õkľ
ʵϣҲûڸϾ̫ãæµ֮С
ͽèèңιȥͲõȵˡ
ѲУʶȨͬάֻȫǡǵеͲıɺ󣬰ȥʱԳðĴ㡣
ֵʱȥҲù۲ľúϵͳȱϲ˽£ͣڵ̶ֳȡ
֮ԻûгΪԭһߵĴȾԺԶ̫ǿ󣬹߲Ѿľ˴˵ľǹ˵ͻȻҲͬ˶ƷģóͻȻϵʳӦӦǻڳǵȨһ˿롪߶ϣĻ߶Ǽɵ
ȫȻĻңҲֻʱ⡣
ܴϲһܵһжʵٳٱƽġҲûҪȡ
Ƹ֮ص˵ͷڰľk·Ͳ飺ھͳ𣿡
ڰŸհ񣬰˹ڵĳǱ߲Ҳ²Ϊ˲µ˹һΪҪġ½͡Ļᶼʱˣֻʱݵ¶˸棬ͱѵ͸æߡ
ΪǱСеֱ׳ˣȷʱߡ𡱵ȻҲһ类ġӰӡĴˡ
ҪͷͺȻ뵽ʲôĿڵԵһ¡ҵ׺Ҫˡ
ھԮʱܵزȥصʡȫȣȻҲУʼս
ֲס桢ֵֻۺԸľΪǱҪͻֻʹ˽˵Ĳɡ
Ȼ׼öڻ˼ǼʮףڲжҪ£ȻԽԽá
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ֻǰܿʶԼȻǵ͹ˡʶ顯׮£ԼɵǱӰ졪ҪƽʱĻӿ¶ֻžֵذš
һΡ
Ƕ̵ֻڼգۼĴ͹Уȴֻע⵽èèȻ§סԼֱۡ


232 
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ֻʱڿһˣǴٲڣסǵηҲû¡
˸գ ⣺ʱģ ǴĴСֵҲȻһˣ зݶŽյĻ档
Զ׼ǣǵľʩ Ѿֹͣ
ԶĻҪտķϡ
΢΢üתߵoװèè񰡣Ϊָҵŵ·ô
Ƹ֮ص˵ͷ
棬 Сµڴ³ԣҪһҵһͨĺۼ ʵټ򵥲ˡ
ҵˡ
գ۵Ĺ򣬵kɢͳɹҵ˰ŵʱڵķλ
kĵؿ۰ Ͳ˼ǣ֣ ߶һ˲㴫˸
Ҳû뵽ǣ ԼΪèèǾٶķһ˿ת˲ͱǰľκ׸ǹˡ
ŵڵĵطȻ߱Ϳһ˵Ĵ㳡
ȷе˵ һȺˣ վ˹㳡Ψһĸ̨ϡΰٵǰλãŵʵ̫࣬ϸ̨խ̨϶ˡ
վڹ㳡ƽϵģ ȴЩһֱڳ֮У ʽʵĸֿ ŵıǶıʯʿ
Լվ ࡢЩͬȱϯʱȴһʱҪӺģȫװʿ
Ҫʲô
뷨ðԺվʯ̨ߴҲǰĴ٣䵭ʽȻͬվԵǴǽ̨ϵĽˡ
ˣ֮УÿߡԼͼ˺ڵǰǴûٸһöͭҵ˰
Ȼܲϰߴλϣϸȥߵϸ΢ǽӲģʱȴûκ˻ȥЩ
λ󸹱Ľ̬д˲ͷüͷšúܽƺֻǳĴݡΪѵϼ䡣ʿɫҲһޣֻĮû˿ı顣
ǵȵģֻһʽͽԥػĵЩ޴ƽ
ŵȷظңĪ¶Ϊµʲôھܹ࣬ߵļ尾ײŵʹ࣬˱ӵľ󣬻ҪӵĹ
Ī¶Ľغһŵ£ΪеߣĶߣ߹Ѫͳһеˣ²ҪκˡǵµƽԼľңҲ⡣ңŵ£ѾĽ̻壬ڳǵи߹ڵվȺĲһ࡭ǳ׶䣬ȻԼĳ𣿡
ʵϣڱΪʲôȻ´ѹǵĪ¶ʮġ
ѾԼβˣҲڹʹԽԽӽڳǴ͸Ĺ£ܲ˳״ҪĿ񻶣Ҳ޷ԼסĶǲǰĹҪĿĳ̬ӭڹʹߡ
ЩΪķЩѾ֮ȥĶĻ
ȻǻӦþʴȵĹΪԼѾ㹻ݣ˹ˡ
Ī¶Ǳµһ۱ٹۻ࣬
ŵǾ뽫·СԸʼն±ҳϵǷġֻҪ¿һ֮ģ뿪ĻֻҪʣһԶԶΪµĴȱٻɧš
Ī¶ź̾ϢܿϧѾ㹻ˣ֮ǰİʱ䣬ѵȷľŵ£Ը;֪ӦеĳͷΰoȻĹ
ŵĻκλӦ
ؿķԴЩһܺ󣬱ȴյɺͫӳĳ
֮ǰͼ˵Ī¶ʲôҲӳոǳ/ɱġϡƽǣĿԶʿҪ࣬·̻̲Ĵ̬ܻǰЩֺľӢʿĶ֡
ǡ

ŵȻתһãȻҾףٿȻǰδеĿ
һȼĩ˵ۡͺβˣৡرųһġȶĿĻ棬ýһþ
ҪԹ󲢲ںµϣ߹ͷ­Զ̧ţƺᴹۣһ۵ϵʬסĹˣȴſڵϣ̰ؼȡǵһѪҺٰһСɿǸϳĹĹȴҪϴӲڵԼ̣Լ׬Ǯļв
ıͻȻ˶ûзӦ
Ī¶ǰһڣ±֮׷ͷϵλףޣģ۾ͷĶħĹ㾹Ȼ𾴵ı£˭ʲô˵ɳܵķ軰
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ѣΪھ廽ѸֵĳҸĪ¶Զ⡣
ǰԨѱضϡŵת侲ݽ˿Ī¶Ӱ죬˵ţҪˣϵĿףһλմȾĸ߹ѪҺԶʵĶ֮ѪҪöıע߱߱ߣӴջƵˡγɿɳܵˡϱߵĸ׸Уȴһλ߹ףΰڡ
ǻڵʲôĪ¶Ѿʧȥǣŭػǰĳ´׽סǰΪԼ˵ÿһ仰ʱҪؿԼϵĹͷ޳У֣
ǽѾDĿŵҳһƬ๭ֻعӦĪ¶
ǷʸϹңһۣϸ׼˴Ǻ޷ĵ
׼˺ĵλá
Ѿȫʰٹ£ǱؽȡһҪҪ뿪Ҫ׷ֵ׷ˡ䱻ڹµܳõĥ˲̼ȥ
ŵʼһ·Σһ֪
ֻʣһ˸ϣӵסŨŨҹĺ棬صİ£еɫ޹ĳīĺˮȻųϸǹ⡣
΢䣬¶ۼȫŷλʹʱмƵ΢Ц
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Լһ̣Ѿ漣ǻ
⻹Ҫ߳ȼһֻҵĳޣþɥǴȺ͵Ȯ˺ȺҰɵĸǽ
׷Ǽٶŵק£ǵû¶ܼļʸͦøֱƴȫ۸ߺҪ仰
жʴȵİķ˹£ꡢ׷ʥ˰ȡҵԸ
ӵյİŵڣһ̵·ȱ٣һѪڵĶʿ
ֻ罦ϵѪܻľˡ
˫ۣţҽԼеһжֻԸĹԻΪǣ׻Ƭϱܿѵǡ
δ˵꣬㲶׽ʸƷ졣
ֻǻûȵľʹϮǧһ֮ʣѾһǰδеǿΣ˲ʧȥʶ
ҲûܿҲû˶ĿһС
Ž覵۷ĽȻڲƸ֮Ľ΢ĳŵĽ缯ǵһ£Ϣʧľo
ǵɫ۽΢纣ˮεܲƣƽ˿
»ԵĴٺһèè񽫶ԷתߣһԼԸȡ


233 
ȻɱĲ֮, ˶һþûκηӦ
ǽֱӽЩƽ񣬻ǸպܿõĲ, ڱĽס, ûüѣٴߵĳĬС
ֻбȫŵĽĪ¶ڶ𾪺ηѺ󣬴ŷʩ, ЩʲôǶħ, ħ
ȫ֪ǸӵһͷƯ𷢵ıӰ˾˭ӶԷͻȻ֣ҺǾ˸ոմʴʵĴٵľٶ, ֻҪĪ¶ɵӣжϳǵзѡ
ֻƽʱ˳ޱȵʿȴ, ûһԸ׼Է
⵱ȻǲǾĶǵòԵʡȫȻĳַʽ, ʵǰǸŻˡ
, ¡
Ī¶ױûסˡ
ͫ־΢΢, صӳǵӰ, 㱵Уǿ
Ϊսʿ, ǲʹ, ׺ݵĵʱҲֳܱӢηģ
ڶķ, ҲӲĳ֪, ֮£еı޴ıƽ
Ψȥðo㣬ǳƲжϵǣҲζ޷ġ
ϵ壬ƽľѹơ
Ī¶ϵķΪŭŶԲʿٴ´ʶ̧ߣ·˲䱻˺
Ÿ߹󴿾ѪĽ΢΢˳ޱȵϸ˫磬ĵ&#xed4d?ҫԽ⡣ϸļѩϾʯ⻪תһģһտɫ˵޹ĵģȫʫ˶ҲŻĻҰػǣӡһҲҪ׷Ϊ˹ģϵͽǶo߻ҲҪԲλľò
񰡡
Ī¶촽ƵزţҲŴܡ
ȻֻסڵڶǽʿǾеĴ壬λߵܵνְλӾҲμӹٳϹٰĹ͢ᣬЩĳУͺԼƷƵĹžƱһװǻƵؽ̸ţһζ̰עǷo˼
Ī¶
һºʹЦʹʱɫȴġ
֪ʱתѩǾ絴ĺˮ΢΢һŵ̬һĿ
ǱɫҰ׵Ī¶΢ȡǱûֵˮɫ޽
סŵעʱȴһĵḧűһƽʵŵӶľ棺ǾеͶҪΪУеıУ̵ָλӿɳܵĹ¡⵽Ⱥ޹𣿡
ǰ¹˹ɽΡķ˹¡
仰Ī¶Ķ־Ҳɥʧˡ
ɣǰλ类ǹȫռϹĳ谮簮õľˡ
ѡͺˣڳǱҲֻȥܶʵʩͷĹǰλӵӻĴ󹫾գۼɱǿڡ
߶µضеĳȲعʴȵĵ°޴˿õĿˡһжǹµ
֧ѹν/񡱵ľӣͳƲ϶־߰ؿΪͳ˧Ī¶¶һλҡβʿڶݵãȻҲ̽ŷ
һ̻צʿĴмĿ»棬һ̾ͻȻ˾
ʿ˲仯Ϊ˳Ư˲ֱӵ׳Ƴʱƽɪɪ֪ӦʲôӦ
ֻ֪һ㣺ҪȻţ;Բ뿪λȻԸӻǵİ
ûǾ͵صꡢõԭµĪ¶ҲûпղŻҲգӻȫȴΪʿصľʿǡ
Ī¶Ϊ𣬵˵ĻҲǺ޵ɺ޵Ĳ˺ҧȮǺԵ/¾ԼĹ
һؿãȻ޴ƽǣʲô۽ɨ˲ԶһȲּⶥ΢
ѾȫΨһľǡ潫Ĥݵƽʱ΢΢ףԼࣺ
䣬̨ȥ
ϣǿ뿪˲䣬˾Ͷ񾭡
ǲҸ˴˽̸Ǻԥظˡ뻮һͷĬ̬һ֧ĳʥС
Ψһ⣬ǰ϶¡
Ӹոһһ˲˲λâɵoĳã
Լδ
ţдЩĳĻǰˣΪһλŻߣ縣˹ԹĹԸеٹϡ
Ŀһλķɺԥˡ
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𵱳ò㹻һɥʧǡһиԷ˽İǰλɸҫۣ
λɱʹѾҽӽĴˡ
ҡҡͷ˳סԼĴ
û̫ԶҲûʶδĬĬȺ۲Լ
شǴóһ·ʿȺղżĹȲĸǽԡ
ĿУµؽԭ񵲷õġèèıһ׵˽ڲ¶桢ܸȫСϵĽϡ
ȻȡǱϤʮָ䡣
ڻһܺ󣬰΢䣬¶˵һơҲǳһЦ⣺ˡ
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ͷˮУؿţλʯȻһ̾ôԻӶǸƽƽʮָ䣬صĳǽȥ
ʮָǽ˲䣬˶ɵˡ
ڸеһѡĿпƼ᲻ɴݵǽֻһ㲻۵Сʯɡ֪ǲԼĴǾȻԼԼظоˣµĵ棬ƺҲζһ¡
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ŵҪԼѳ˯ǣڱѩﶳľĳӼ
һܻȥĻȴɡ
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ܿˡǸǵòūȻȻԼѹסȼյĻʱڳ
ɶԷһų˸޷ľʹһԼĹѪպսĿζһ߾óĻ棬ȴ̽ԺС
ܿΪʲôһ
ȴһֱϸ롣
ԸΪػߵ桢ΪԼˣȷǿɸΰ󣺿ֻԸԼµǣܹͨȵС
ʮָĵڶóʱʯ࣬ǽ͸Ҳˡ
Ī¶ҧסԼء
ﱻһһǿԤгײţǲǰܡǼʲô
ڻӳʱͣ¡
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ְҵܴﵽ󣬾ζʹʮָʱЧ˴ӣǰҪϽʮµǽ壬ֻҪ£ɵóһ󶴡
ʮַָɴ£ָվǽ¡ҲܿǵȲֵļⶥţֳʳպ󣬾ͳҲûȨģֻڡȨ󡯵Ĳ
һµĺҪ£ͨǵĴҲǿ
߹ڳǲƽĳ̤룬˵׵ۻŪƯʯأֻŪѥס˹ɱմšۻ࡯ָĽңܳͨؽı⡣
Ϊõ˱ΪԼһ֡ʵϣֻһȺ̰ĲǡȹǵѪԹǵ⣬ָǵĹͷꡯĲǡ
˵˿ƽ²֪ӿ˵
תǣپµˣΪʲôȡӦõĶ
µһɲʮָҲصҡҡ׹ǽϣ
ˡ
̳ʯ
˵ľУ˼⴦ʯǽȻʹ˺Ȼ
Ȼʯϵһ˲һֱľվŵȺ˷Ӧ
ǵʳ
һ˻ƵĺȻ
ͬƽˮ̶ﶪһʯѩ׵ˮ罦ʱˮסӿҲٳ⵴
ͬĺԽԽ࣬ԽԽ࣬Ϫһ𣬻һӿĴӡ
ǵʳ


234 
ڵڶǽѲӵ, žӸµƣܿͲԶ춯
׽ǽͻأֵĴԼӵڵǾĻʱλпϰʲ, ΪԼۻˡ
ס, ſһС̲ס̧ۡ
٣ʲô
ԭȻѲӶΪͻأͣµľٶܵңҲɱ⵽ԼǼĲָ
, ǿ쿴
ȷǲԼĴ, ϰʲݺݵصһǵˡǾȻҿ˵ǽˣ
⻰һ, ջҪʿȫסˣһӦǸе
׳գ㵽֪֪Լ˵Щ
Ϲ׶šü, һ󣬻˳Ťͷȥ, ָķȥĻٿȻ𾪵ɫ䣺񰡣Ȼģ
ڼʵޱȵĵ̰һССĿ϶, һӿ˳Ϯʱ, ׾ٵرǴ˺ڡͻ, ϳˮҲµ谭
, Ǻѹѹ˳ǹɴžصƵĿ, ԴԴشǸ֪ʲôʱֵĴӿλڵڶ͵ǽڳ
Ī¶Ǹ˶ʲôȻʲôʧٵİϷ, Щɺ޵ıͽڳǣһ˵Ҫүľˣ
׶ŵؿǰһ, ȻعһߺݺݵǸ󸹱ķһ߾סԼҲһеĿϰʲ½󣬵ͺڣˡٶȻص͢Ī¶ܺݣǧͽڳǡϢͨȥȻٸɵֻ
ǣǣ
ϰʲûмôŭ״̬˺һ󣬲ͷ
ֻŸܳ׶ŭǣǻʲôЩ˶ѾֱĴˣǵҾȥնɱЩļһ
ϰʲҧҧûסͷ˵˾䣺٣ǲǱͽ
ǳԼ˵ġ˵ӵвǺͽϼѵ츳ȨڶӱʿͷΣҽ빬͢ӣѪͳ޲Լ߹˹¡
ȴûԼݡ
ǸεֻһһӾٰ뺯ֺȨȴڣ󳹵ԱӻʣµǵҲƱ޵о
ɾôһλЦһоҲֵģλоĻӣֻһλƶҵ鸾µ˽ӡ
ûǰ彣ʱڵĵ͵ǽ֮ġÿСһŽţڴСϣΪǴ·ûȡһʳĳ͡
ȻѾģǼǵһŬġҸ
ôҵºǴڳǡڳ߱ǰڶ򣬱ҲǶŵİΪʲôҪԼļ⣬ΪͽҪɱأ
һѵ£ϰʲȫ˵ǻӳǰǲܹǱ⼸䣬߿ǾҪʲôأ
˵ʲô
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۾ݺݵص˵ŻĻĿϰʲȻһ̾Ͱγ˽ֱָġȻǸ˽ӣȻ˵Ļ
ʮֱǸһʱ򣬻ǿϰʲĺӲͷƤվ˳ΪʮֱǸ£һ̫˲Ż˵ȥϢͨȥٵˣ
ʹ׶Ȼŭɶģ뽫ʴʵĵͽʿ
ֻûüǰһ⵽ĳǽһͺȻ˱֮ǰҪĶ
ģ׶ǾȻҶ֣
߰ɣųٵŭעȺߵľٶƴŻӲͦԭصˣ˵˵ЩûõģˣҪǲԸͬŵЩˣ
ʵϣֻҪĳˣĿǰԼеǶܿѵԹۣҪֻ˵ĽָƽڱҪʱǽв̵/¾
Ҳһʹࡣ
ѵ֪Լѡ
裡ؼüֱ޳ˣҪǱϳȥˣҲᱻϳȥģһУκεĸı䡪
ǰ
һ䣬ԭѾ¶ĵĿϰʲһ±Ȼ
ֱ֧ͦǹԺиĸЦʱǱ˶ˮһһ¾©øɸɾˡ

ĸΪԼһʱԣһ𸶳Ĵۡ
ң˵޷˵ֻԼڴǰĳ׶Ҳ޷ֹЩͶ·Ŀ˼ľ
ֻΪԼĳ嶯ԼԼĸ׵һض
֪ˡϰʲлл㣬ҵĺѡ
Ļ뵽ԼҪ׶ٵȥЩ£صǿ鶯£ǳЦ˵Щˣȥɡ
Ҵææ
ĿͿϰʲ첽뿪ʱɧҲѸкסլȨǵע⡣
治֪ЩʲôֻźȾƳԷ𣿣
ȡᣬǰһǽµļƻĹǣһ߲ЩҷһɳԼͣȥ̽ڳڵ
ȻֻȳǽҪЩΧǽʹţҲڵһʱͱˡȻǲȫסЩɥĲıͽܵһߵĽŲ
Ҫ浽ʱֻ̣赲Ƭ̣˵ܳŵԮˡ
ĸġ
²ʰţһ߽ǲŲ
һ豻Եͣ·ʱΪһǶȼ/
˵һжʵ̫ˡǸ޴ŮȻڼ˸ôЦľٶ¹ݺвƲܵǺȺ౰΢ƶһͬ
ֱף
ڲ͵ܳȥĵڶ죬ûðɵȥɱֻΪױƺȡľٶȡõˣǿա
ȻᵣһֻΪߵĿɶŮ˵İΣֻߺţҪ޷ֵñµĻģͲôεĵزͰڶǽڣΪԼİΣɪɪˣ
ǽŽգֻڷ϶¶̽ʱȻȴ˿־ƽǣѾ˳Щײࡢ廨ŵĹߣƽʱӽĴֵʯǽ
ˣ
ǵĻУеһӳģһĹҡϣʳ
ʮָóǵһƵһöŵ⣬ûֲ֮κµİȫĽ£ƽǵľٶ
˼ú󣬻ǽɣǡ
Ȼ˼ǣƽ޾ջʳԼԽԽʿĽŲʱȴû¶־ãȻı飬ûһӵϵغ
Ǿϵͽڱָ̤ǵһ󣬾Īջǰɲס˽Ų׷תλӲӵoͶȥ޾Ŀ⣬ٲȻȴһָʾ
̾һļԼ˵ţĲҵļƻ֮Уһʿûд

ϤġڲƸ֮ϸ֡
kڶڣ㹻ˡ
ûµġ
΢΢һЦ˵kİο
˱ۣʱտɫױֻʣᶨˡ
Ϊ뿨סνֳΡӣҲܺʡ


235 
ӵõټ, ̤͢һ𣬿ϰʲȻΪԼһ硣
ĿꡢҰȣŵĹ͢ɸû, ϵ۷ҲȻ
ϰʲ, ֻĿбӵؽδʸ̤ĻңȻ󹧾عھǶҫҫнʮԶĵط𾴵ı£µˣڶǽ
ڵõ׿Ϻ, Ž۾̧, ǵֱߵ۾Ǹŵңȴһɡ
֪Ϊʲô, ڿòĵһۣȻֳˡԭǱ¡治ͷ
ɫǳȱɹĲ԰ףòƵϿ, ʺµڵĳ£ֳֻ״̬
ΪտĲ÷ƵĵƷμӹ͢Ĺവ, ޱȸ߰۷βˣ۰׺ıʯ
ӵýƲ۵ӵĹ, ȴһ߿յĹǼ, سǡ
Ȼ޷ƱϹϾĵͽʿʵ뷨, ޱ꽲, Цڶǽϵľʿ, ȻסһȺ񣿻Ī¶أѾһȺ޴ıͽСӢսˣŻǳֱ𣿡

, ϰʲղ׽
ʶλĹ£Ȼ˿ھٶ, һ־ˡ
ʮֱǸˡ𾴵ı¡
ǿѹɺظװ£˵ԼĻ
Ҳͬûһͽʿϸ΢顣
ɫĬһ۵׵ĲüҪＷһܽ¡
ǣ¡
뿪ĿϰʲûϲҲûгļ
Ȼ֪˭ֱµĹʿţɱʿ
ܶԹĹܿͻϹʿŵľԱϸڶǽ⣬ҲգؽЩƽ/ɱɣ
һžñעһȴԽŤģƤСûûصʯӡ
ھӣͯ飬ܿζĵ곤лὫСĿ˵СɺĵطָƤĺǳԵıɵ
ʲôҲˡ
ֻãȻصһʯͷɺͯȥںϵʹ׹ĺס
񰡡
뿪͢ǰת֮ǰҵķһۣЦ
񰡣ĴڵĻȾǡ
һͷһ֣Զʹһ󼱴ȴĪϤĽŲ
ȻתѭȥȻĿص
ʱϵı飬ȴûмĸӣнŻ֣̿Ի󲻽⣬ƴƵмѭϲ
أ֪Ӧ̲סס˺ѣѯʵΪʲôҲˣǰ淢ʲô
عȻɲסŲ
ؿſϰʲЩգǲ֪Լôֻ૵ϰʲ֪ǰ

֮ǰûôӽ͢ĵͽʿϰʲҲ֡
ȷе˵λõϹ޾谮񡢾˵˼еĲ˼ò㹻ٽĳԵ׹
֮Ա˻ĪȴݺӵѸֻ޲ߵؿţҧԹԼ޴
ɣǣ
ϰʲŻعֻǸʼ䣬ϢͨȥĺѣѾԶˡ
ϲһǸ׸Ϊʲô
˵ʲô
ͬţҷӦҵһˣǿϰʲŸĹ¡
·㣬Ȼ󺰵ôǰľʲôʱ򿪽ģһһˣȻľͨ
Ա׵Ĺؼֱҳֻͷš
ֱ׵ĺսսڵõ£̧ͷ˵꣺Ǹ£ûоӣһһ䶼ûУֻǵƽ׷
ǻʲô
һѸٷӦ۵׶Ȼŷɫʣ߳ĬʿܣȫʿгڶΧסܸĴۣԲðˣ
ΪܴʿҲŶԷ֪ؽɾӴ
ҪĴǻ¡ǿȫǵ߲ļ/˵ڸ׸ľҲߺˣ
죬ҳ
ֱʿȥ˷˵ĹʾҪ轱ʱŵõᣬѵ˵ʣµĻ
˵Ҫ𾴵ı¡ѵ´оԼһܾ̿ҪɱˣɵšüͷĹǿ˵һҪ
ʱ˿̣ڶİһĵȺڳǵʿһԽ̬Լϵèè졣
Ȼһǰֻͨλ׷ͫĴʱһ֯Ĵ㣬˳һʡ
ȻѾеһˣƺҲûɲ˳ƶΪ
ﶼǽŵķΧ˫ңңԵⳡУ̬ɵˡ
ֻèèСѯţ𣿡
ʱֻüèè˵䡮ŵ׸ꡯؿһʧˡ
屻èè񶪵ûˣȴ
oҲ͸ϸĻش𣺡ܰȫµӻûˣѾҶظ׸ˡ
Էģʣ׸ǵ
𡯵һڵkңһʼʹûбʹùֱϲŻ
á
΢Цͷ
˵ºԥ£̲ס׳˸⣺һһ⡣
һֱʱʱɢԽԵð߹ʥƽһ˲סˡ
ƺ˰棬k֣صؿ£Žؿڣ
ǹģҡװģ
ûˡҲû񷢾ǣʱϹЦݵˣٶȱƽʱҪӿôһ㡣
ӸոտʼΪʲôһֱԡ𡯵ģߣֻԭʼ̬
Ƹ֮˺ܾã룬һֱס
գۣȴûиóѵĵkӡ
Ϊġ
Ƶ˵ţͬʱظԼ˽Ȼ෴ķӦԽԽ졣
룬˭ĶԲǸʺϱ׵ĺõط
Χƣսһǵȴȡ˵ƽǰǻ񡢵ȴԮƻĹȲ֣ǻŰĶߣڳ̸еĹֳ
Ѿˡ뿨׼桯ƻ£Ϊʲôأ
΢΢
Ҫǣô
ڳٶ۵ľ֮ǰ֪ĸоҲԼ飬һֱܵӦĴèǡ
ʶǾʲôԭøһЩƻøһЩȥݸ顭
ڡ£һ̶ȥ
⵽ҴƸ֮ȴżˡ
kŬһĻҪô᲻áƭҪôǲΪܡƭ
ƻĴèˣԳĬķʽʾԼľеͶ
ǿɰС£ȴ׼Źk˹˵Ҫ㲻˵ĻɴҲһ°ɡ
k㶡
һ̣ʹӴݵؽҿ˵kǵǰֱһŵСĻռеķͷʹǳΪӵСܵĳ羴𣿡
ˡ
֪˶ãkŻָ˻ġʡһʵͽġš
ϣk˵ָܻӦеٹ⣬õӦе
ŵkмȡǻԽԽ࣬kҲԽԽһ¡
Ҫǰһʼô࣬ȴõkõһСkһʼͲڡ
kҲ⣬ȥõͽˡ
kðվߵĵطﶼ⣬ʶĿȴʥðġ
kĴڣֻҪа֪
kӰҲֻҪӳڰ˫۾
Եk˵㹻ˡ
Ϊġk׾ʰ⣺ңðҲΪȻԶһ𡪡
%&%&
Ȼ˵kĻ㰮ң𣿡
kסˡ
Ȼǲ⡮ΪʲôҪʴôԵĻkǺ޲ͷظԼıף
仰󣬵k㿴СµĴ¶˸ᡢҡɬЦݡ
ģɬ
ֻϼȴûм¶㺵oסˡ
kŰȻһֵkûȴkԵظеĻŭŵ˿ڣá
Ȼƽʱݵؿk䣬һ⣬ǺЦһӦ
Ҳ㣬װ%&%&ȻƺҸϲֱӳƺΪװèè񡣡
Ȼ֪ԼĶѾһ㵭֬ɫ򶨵˵Ҫ㲻ԵĻ룬Ǿʹӽ쿪ʼɣ
лҪ˵
èèͷͽᡢ


236 
µı׺ŽȻԺƮһ󣬲ٿȻס
k˼?
Ĵǻ΢Ц˼ȴ,顱÷ɿ졣

֪˶,o³
Һܿġ
˵ôãѾȫ⡮ôһµĲƸ֮
ֻðǣkε񡪹豿׾,ƽݵˡ
٣㹻ԭΪԷ߾ϲĿǵԼ.......е𾪡
֪ǣҪǲƸ֮˸ҪȷƵ̬ĻǸղŶ̶̵һСᣬԴ֮ľҲѾΪȵĻϲɢϺüˡ

ƵĿ֣kغ˼Сµֺ󣬱ʾ:롢,ھͽ?
ԨľõıֻС,ԼȫĳѨ,͡
ȻҺ˵ԡڿĲС̿:,ϣ,ڽһ˽˵ϣһеȲ...ڴǰ,ֻһˡ
ֻƽʱͼճˡݵȷϺ󡢼пֻ䱾Ĵèٴγ˵ǰ಻סĿףŹʿŵĵȺȺĴӵ뿪͢˵ڶǽķϡ
Щǿң̼΢ۣ˳ָķȥ
ͷڵʵ̫עĿˣ²վڽȺߴҲ׾ٵة۾Ͳ׽
Ȼǰװĵܵܡ
ǿҷ綾ߵϸƬĳУߵĶһˮ:һµ⼸Ҿֶô㡪Ҳȫû뵽ῴվҵĿܴλõһ졣Ǹ޴ľ?
@޺ģսѧ
ܼž²İ£ҲܽĻ
󷽷̧ۣվڸߴĹȥ
ĻϣԵȨȣǰɫͷϵǶ貶ĿڣŲ̬԰סס
ĿƽһڻùǼܡ
ڶݵľĬ󣬰΢΢ЦҲˡ
ֻ̬˵һЩ֪·ؤҲŵĿףֻżɽ:?ΪӦ÷ǳɱ˸ͼλֵĻǻÿ춼ڹ͢
߱ɱλ㣬ǿһ۵㡪տƵõԼҪģȴ˱Ⱦֳʱĸ
ѡǢϣѪԵҲգɱ㣬ҲԶΪжԷɵڸӲˡ
䲻ݺݴʹĿףĨٵЦҲ˲ʧˡ
Ҫ֪Զ㣬ҵĿҲֻһΡ㣬½Ϊ޴صĴۡЦһһİʿ˰Χƣһ:һУλ۰ĸߡѪҺĹȻūֵܵزֱlš
ȴѾɥʧϻġ
Ĩ΢ЦԱȿ׵ĸ˵:졣ڿʼֻҪشҵ⡣
΢ۣƺǺŪΪʲôֻǺΪʲô仹ôӵе
Ǹ˹ǸġƫĵĸšţȴڰֻϥǸߵʱ򣬾Ȳȥ˹ЦĹܼҵǰʿ
һֻҳϺӥ:ֻҪһ£ǱڰǵӰͽչХǿµϹ˵צǶϣץӵѪ졣
Ŀûгָ˹Ӱ
ΪðܵжһʧҲҪȷβӣǿѹ±Է뼫ðԵǾ䡰족ŭЦЦ:?ͬѪҺķϣҾͻش㼸ɡ
΢:رճǽжڳǵϵڱľ?
û뵽õôЦʣ׼ȾЩƻЩʲô
ں:ǡ
ɫƽ:ǳѹƽľҲڱ?
ǡٴˬϺ󣬿ײЦעŰ񣬾עһķ:ǲ˼飬ҪΪЩ/ƽʲô??Ϊ㣬ȻҪΪһȺƽһλľ?
ûĳŪ׷ʵ:Ϊʲô?
ĶΪʲôҪЩ?
׷šü¶Ӷᷳı顣
Ȼһ̣һƼἫĽϺ촽ΥԸľ
ŵۣ촽źţܿƵ˵Ļ:Ⱥɢߵļ/ҪǴȥҾҪ"
ˣˡ
̾˿Ŀ⳹״ӿƿƯõɫţ˵ȴù׵Ŀ̱:û뵽ô񶾵ֶȡҪһкȴδϧֻǴֱޱȵ㱰ӵӡۡ
:㲻ĳΪ/񣬿ףֻǸ۲۵һֵ߱߱ı/ͽһѪͳıﷸ
ϹΪ׵ġǳѪɺӵ/ѵΪԹĿ,ˡ
һǣӴ棬ͲĺڰԴǳ/ɵߣƩݼϹҲƲ޹Ĵڡ
Ϊܸ۰ĶӣϹ꣬ԷԳ׵İϢǻرݸ
κΣ񡪡޶ЩȴΪƽū΢һЩǴôһĻԿĻôᶨ
ղŵ⣬׵λᡣ
ֻҪ׵ĴչʾһǰԣܵȨǵıȣ....
˱ۡ
......ŭɶ

ʱʱ̹̿עС鳫oڵǵػ֣Ŭο:Ҫѹ
kѯ:ɱף?
Ц:ٵһȡ
ʱĿѾڿˡ
һſһ˿ף߷˹Ⱥϡ
˵ע£λӵʹԵòĹȻȻһЦȻ˵:Ҹǵı»ˡڣֵľˡ
?
¶ãȻ
ʲô?
ǴλɤޱöƯݵòƻĵĹӴݵ˵:ʰΰèè񽫱ӻˣǷΪԼͽΪɢkٹʹߣҲԸͬĳŵڣҽһڵĻᡣ
ĿѲһܣ:ڹȥɱԼĵľˣֻҪĻصڴϱĵľĻ......ұԸǵͶ"
ƺѱ£һƮƮġƿЦŵ⣬Ȼûչֳ˦ĳȥ˵ЩˡЩԭȵõˡ
ҪҪðΣյ¡˳ӱĵľ
һ˳絹ǽͷݣŵһӿ£İõ沨
ϾԱΣǵеȻĽ޹ƽ/ǡͲںǷй尾ˡ
Щ֪δһͷĻᣬѾʴ:ͶҲǽĳͷֻǳ̶صѡ
ʩжڵĿԣжôҵĹĵģԶֻܺ߱еģ
ԼԭеģǻƽáҸ


237 
׵ǳ˳,¶ЦԷǵı顣
װֵܣźʹ񿴵ڴŵķ:Ҽֱ,Ȼ޴ֵزŪ,¶Ҳˣ㾿ܸǸձɵٽĸ׸ģ
ȻļӸոտʼ,һֱǲ̬ȡ
˫ҫչյտγ,ʼºƽġ
ɫ졢ȴ˿δˣ΢΢һЦѵ:ҵޡ
λӵѪͳ뾪òĹ,ȻǷˡ
˾ܱżĬ΢΢򢡢۵׵мᶨƵشӵڹǻˣʱ̬ȡ
ֻؾ㵵ط,õѡҲ֧߶ʿ׽ͬϰʲȻܵ˹ƻ
˲£ֻܿԷĲҧԲŵĴǽ߬ȭֱϸ,ֻڽ΢СŲƤѥ䡣
ⶼʾ,ȻҪӦǸԼɵĹٻ
ϰʲ,Ƿˣ
ŵһ,ظڿϰʲĿɢǰ,׽סĽ
ҺлЩ룬ʱ˵עԶĹϣûע⵽ⲻ۵ǽ䡣
ѹͣͷȴ亹ҪˣҲ:ˣˣոնûȥΪʲôҪȥˣҿкðɣĸףģ治ҪǿĻжô飡
ֻǸոԾήҵصͷѡȰ桢볤ٽͽ޹ı۵ͷĿϰʲε̬ȴޱȼᶨ
ƽƽĵɫ۾ʱȴΪһƬ⣬ת˰ɫ
ء
Ҳǰδе侲ᶨ:ܸлһֱάңҡҲǳΪҺò˵
۵¶ĨȻ:һҪȥ
ر֣߰ţ...ʱĺϣƺһϲã
㶵ظ:һҪȥɵˣǸ±²Ը²бţֻȻʧȥɺȨƣһڵҪöˡأȥĻ˵ȥˣܲ߳Ѿˣ
֪һҪȥ
ϰʲһһ˵:ұһУأںڰ.....ҿǵˡ
С嶼̰ѡܱǻһ֪;ڴ嶼ʢ裬ֻܲ˳;Ľͱ£ȻؽЩͶ·һֱСÿõһöǰȸ˴˰ĿƽƺΪʱ׹޾ԨС
ƣƲ˺ڰҲ޷ȥ󻹴ĸףֻܱԼľü͵һ죬־ᷳЩһΪȻ̤ƽʬ裬ֵĴڡ
ȴˡ
λӵ߹󴿾Ѫͳ˽¡忴ԶԶιӺʴǶڵʹԼȫȫվƽһ࣬ؿ߹Ĺǩ֪
װϹˡ
ǲȱһͷֻͨȮ󣬿ϰʲϴǰδе΢Цʼ磬жһµѹϵġĸޱ죬úѸոȰ˵ԼĻȰ˵:ûȥҲȥġ
Щ˵ǰ˺ӵʲôϵأ
ԼװһҹȻΨĹ⡣
һӻǰλӵϾµġ߹ΰĴڡϰʲأҲ׵زקסʵ֣ϵسǰ̤˵һ:ûҲû漣ֵĻǾ׷һϨɡ
ֻһǵϣҲǰ硣
ر:ĲĸҲһᡪ
ҲڣҵѡϰʲͷҲأȴն:ѾúˡıгΪʿʱµԣϰôĽӦñǵĻ.....֪⡪еĸףҲֻΪӵų˽е߳ܡ
ҲҪȥ
˵󣬿ϰʲʧǵĺѣǵ˶С
ϰʲĵļ尾ʱܵĹƻһõһ̤ĵ·ģٲȻֻǼ
ϰʲǱ̬վģˣԼû߳Զͻᱻĳһ
֪ǣFȷ룬Ҳ׼ôġֻǱһеһϷĹֹˡ
뿴λƯ׵Ŀɰܵܣ뿿ƻʮʲô
˹˵š
ǿϰʲֱ߳ʮԶˣʯ̨ѾܽҲԼ亹ʪ͸......Ҳûеĵһ
ԻضסŲͬġǼһԸҲٱʿеԸ/¾ƽͬ
ȻƬ̺ٴ󼱴ٵĽŲ
ܵػһ˲:أ
ֱ㶵ؿһӢ¾ģĺѣʧ:Ϊʲô
ǹˣұɣ
ضسţվߡ
Сɫǵͨ죬ܵȻѾľ˴Ʋϵǻµˡ
ȴ֮ǰĿϰʲһᶨ:ҲĶֲֻ....ģģ˵ָӣҲѾܹˣˣսʹأ
ֵ:صġսϣƽʱϵõһҲ̫ˡ
صΪźͺ¶÷ɿ죬ת߰ͷתԼע:ϣװͰ͵ĸײҪ̫ģһչ˺;ﻹһЩǮôҲ˺ܶ࣬ˣܵһȽϴæ֪ͷԿ϶֪Ÿ׺ĸ߰......
ر˶ûע⵽ǣԺеĸָͷתȴΨûкڡ
ڵһСᣬǵվʮˣЦһЦ
û뵽Ȼʮˡ
ʶظŸոȡöèèָȻ峿ıԼϵĽ
΢ܿ˽ָɫ۽޾һƬӰһþĶǵͻ
㣬Ц˵˾:£ͽˡ
ΪoҪӦkĵЩɢһ䡣
˫ʹ򴽣ʯ׷ɿӹһĨɬ
ʱɤȸղŵĸᣬ΢΢ѿѿⷢ΢ɲĲķ:ԺҴžĲ˵ллˣҲ
Ƹ֮΢
ţkޱȵЦ⡢ȴֳᰮĻ:ϾΪ˺Ӧ໥¡չˣΨһһ㣬ƺҲעҪҵʹ......."
ԣգգۣЦӯӯ:ԺҲҪˣװˡ
Ƹ֮ȴ
ӲסİСϴ˺ܾãڰٴδߴ£̵ǰΡ
kٵ˼š
ԭʽΪġˡȻᷢô.......ôkĲѵĺ


238 
ײ֪Ƹ֮ĶԻ
ɫԷ֮ǰðɫ,촽ɩֱߣ͸ǿҶϢ
Ĭصȴһڲ׽˶һֱԼĹΪһ޷Ϲʿܰơ
ԷѾɲ,Ҳӵʱԭӵһ»ָ˹ҲЦ:̶ֳֻȶ𣿿ɱ뿿ЩֻȺһɪɪƽԿҵľӣ,ǼЦӱһ֪,Ǹ簮ĸµǼͷȮ˹ŵǣ㻹׼صʲôʱ򣿡
ʹ,һֱûǹĽ𷢹ʱڿ
Ŀ£ûȡǱտɫġèèıèèָֻһöɫƽȡһֻֻаƴСƺǽϵĺͯϷˣʱԼ.....ľƵС
˶סˣס
˭۹ⶼһƽƽ治ÿЦСˡ
,Сÿʯ,½ƤԶ,ҲֻܴһֻվڸϵС񡪡˺վڸߴΧǽϣнԶĹ
⿪Ц,ȴ˲Զɴè̬ӯ˹ǰoˣƤգ,ȻЦ
΢Լվһֻ֪ھгȫŷoͽһ,ӽɫӳճɫӰӣ˳һͶʥࡣ
۵׺Ц⣬:͸Ұɣװˡ
ǡ
Ϊǳӵеǰ׺ԸĻŭŵĽɫè㿪ĵϴһ¡
ǵڣkסڵسȥĳ嶯ֻء˻צ
ɫӰƵצ۳һССĽɵʱչڻѩһܿͳ˱ޱȵزСߵС
һŽɢ紺ϸΣʱƮѩӨ͸ӳչǵסССĵܿתĵɫ
ϸꡪĻᷢӹӯķ
ŵСֱһȴص˷Ӧٶ۵Ϸϵͳٵ֪ͨ
èèĵ
µ룬ϵͳԵĻİһᱶзѽ⡣
ڻ൱һʱ󣬻ܵӰ죬Ȼǳɹؼȫµ
˵:ɱȴǿþˡ彫ȡõݡ
ڰ֪΢Цţ׼ƿǰֻ˸˵
˵:ֻèèΨһ˵ʹ
ӹɣΨһĻϲ밮⣬k־СһȺ
˴ǵЦ⡣
ƿĿ⣬۽Ƴٵ˵Ҳֻ΢һ١
˵:ŭŭ־־"
ۿŰҪǰСòһСԿԼüŵشЦ˳
ЩӭĴ󳼺ǣҲЦ
ûע⵽ǣһƬЦУӵڰߵЩƽϵ飬ȴǡƽ
ǾŰͽϵ񡪡˿ΪǰСжƣҲ·Ϊ
ڳ˼ʱֹͣ˴Ц
̵ز۽Цһᣬ:ޣҿĵܵܰò뿿ǿЦġϮӦЧҵĹݴȵֳɣ˹ôֱڻ֣Ǹ϶϶д͸ġĶȮʱӦüҴҵǰƴػ£ԭΪ׸ǵ⻹ھȵֵز
ס
ȴȻʵੲݡ
Ϸ﷭ˡȦȡһöƽʯ
ȻĵؽöֻȭͷСĽʯ˵ϣ
Цţһֻֻۣ΢Уɵ׼
⣬ڿעЦ
ڵĻᣬӵС
׶׼ΪȻĹѪԵϵֳɫƽ˵һ仰
ûĻϣЦһĺľػ֣׼ʾʿܽⳡЦ־:㡪
ĶģֻСĵ
ϸʳָֻһɣšžһ죬ö䵱//ҩõĻƽʯת˲ʧˡ
ֻаܿ˺ڿ׵ͷٿȻ֡-150ɱħʯĻƽʯֻŻʵ۷ĹϽʵʵش˱
ҽжûüһ̻׼ʿɱ޴ֵܵĹһؿڱ㡰ۡˡȻһȭͷĿѪ
ǿЦĵһĹʹ˳׶˰ϡ
¡   
֪˭˺ѷεؽôһ
ʧȥȻأŵľĿУɺѪҺȪˮٱӿ廹ůȵģ˭ܿǰõҽЩó֫ϱ۴򽻵ͷټҲܾȵûؿڶôһѪĹˡ
µǣȫȫ޷ôġƾһѻЦС
񰡣񰡣ⲻܣ
쿴£
ģղŵ׷ʲô
Щ룬ֲڵĻص棬Ѿʹǰ
Ǿʧز鿴󣬾;ʶ:ջŰĹѾɡϢȫޡֻڲѪʬˡ
е˷ӦҪһЩϵѾ⣬һߴԭ¡һ߽ڱԼǽںء
Ȼ֪ôģҲ֪ԼĶܶǲͽáɸոնԷǸʹĵһʱ׼˿Ƕ˵ģ
ͻľҿ־Уҳһŵ˿ûв߸ûϡ
ڳĴУֻèèèèܰ޷϶ػŵģǿױɱ󣬴ϻ塣
ҫ۶Ŀչ£ɵġǡȻǳֻҺɫġǵûɢеĹĺ
ոȥˣڼ̵ʱڣӵд󲿷ֵļʶġ
ʱͿƺȫãȻ״̬ԭԼϣԸ汾Ʈȥ
Υ־ܿͻὥʧȥ䣬ȥ.....
һ߰ض׵ŵĽɫèһ¾ˡ
װС˸kҲǺҪġֻеk
ܻĳҸƾﴫڵļ䣬kǱܵҪԼǵĴǰúñ֡
һֻǲÿҪűŻġǡkí˾ʮ־񡪡ȫòֵһ̣Եèһýȥ
ת˲䣬ɫèӰӾεؽѹצ¡
ͬʱkֳ˿˿Ƶ:ʿЩ˵ȥ޷κж
׵Ȼ޴֪Щ:ԭȻԲεġǡһ¾ͱǿޱȵ̤ˡ
ƺо˴δĿʹ࣬±һֽƬĵùڣǾҵҪֻצ桱Ͻ
⵱Ȼܳɹ
ɫèĶ΢΢Ҳ̧ͷİСˣȴһָʾ
ʱģޱȣҲû˿
ڵȵС׵ĻӦ󣬵kͲٵԭֻϵצһ
Ƿźѿǡѹȵ޵һžһˡ
Сüĺɢͬһˮ˻һ󣬱㳹ʧˡ
ϸ˵ǰסɱĵһˡ
֪ΪʲôȴԼеƽĿһΪղŵһڴﵽ100%ȵġսʿܡ
ǿ99%ϽµĽڿʼְҵʱ˸ŶĿĽˡ
Ҫȥǰɫˡ
룬ΪְֹҵܶѾˣԺҲȫϷϵͳһˡ
µĻҪҸʵƺ
ǣɵؿ˻дšɡصһҪĴèèݸ:ڣҪѰŵ
Ȼֹ
ǰԤ׵Ȼһڣȥ


239 
һЩʢΪ,ĳûΪ֪Ĵ˵Уλǿ֮ϵľ
治֮УӲη,ҲӲ±,ҲûѩƮ㡣
ĵһһѩ׵޲ܵشӵֺ׳ѩ޹
ѩɽɽ۵ļⶥϣԶůİ׹ӳšǹ֮۳ɵĻâ
޹ǰ,һõ廨:ǵŮľ£ǵҶ̣Ļŭţķš
ʢųһ,ÿ춼ᱻСز¡
ȱȻľıõ塪֪¡
˿˵˾ñϲĻܣĻʣҲǻ̵ؼͬԼʱѡ͡
ȻؿڵؽǶõ壬׸ı¡
kܻẬЦܡ
Һϲ
½Ƕԣ,һĿʼ峿ġ
ԣõһգȻɸ߰Ĭ̫ɣ,ĿñЦΪʼ
ֵס,ֻʵڴղʱ,Żή˼䡣
kйԼְż˳һϵͽ,鲻ʱһЩ
Ӷԣ·ûһ죬Ҳӭսᣬ΢oҲõλȱıµľˣߡ
ǰ͵һУֱԤ׵غȻʧạ̇̄Ȼֹ
ԴӱǸҰèɢƽʱתƵĴ򣬾һֱԼĵصȴ޸
õŮ˿Դʱõkеֱ꣬޲֫һֻ
ɵܾòٳˣk...ߣоЩġ
û¿£kػǰ¡
ǰ»ڣҲڡ
򴽣֪oٴԼˣ̲ס۵ӹġĨˮ⡣
ǹȥ̫̫ˣЩkһֱţƽʱȲ롢ҲĹڱµĻ棬ģңԶˡ
õkһθееĿ־塣
kǳԼoġҲܻǱᡣֻмûƢŻѡݵkƩά˹Ů
kԸ׸Ҳֻż˵˵Ʋǵkĺѡ
촽øˡ
ϵ...ȴԵkôᡣ
k˫ƯƬɫ۳ɵ۾ᵹӳŵkŤףӯ͵Ц⣬ɢߡеůâ
kǵسƺkΪС򡱣ҲݵkoʵĿµʯϣֻڵkܻʱҶ΢ḧkͷ
kǲ֪oԸ˯ԭ:޷޷µʹ࣬޷
ȴļ尾ΪԸüЩûʱɫ
ǶЩһ
۾ǿ:kŲأڱµһУk͵͵ˣô࣬ô.....
 
ʱkȻӦʲô۾ŵءˣ
.......
kŴ죬ֱԼС
.........
kƴطӦţΨԼ˿˴
ɲĩ˿ͷųȥʶشݻͬϢ˵kֵĿϲ˵ľĵȴ󣬸õkʱ޷ŵϢ
ǡµ
£ 
ڷȷϹķͻȻ׽ŪԼ󣬴Ҳ޷ˡ
һرǿĵk˲ʱֻʣһͷ̬жǱҲȫȫذǰġȱҪŴݵ̬ȥΪһӭӱµԺ
ԭ޸õҲkעĶͽȫˡƶԼԴϡ
kôԻޱȵġҪǱᳰЦkܾúܾõ̬һƮƮϡţţţֱk߹ΣȴԴȷʧҲҽӽ
......"
ڼk۾̰㲻Ϲ䡣
ȴһ㶼ںˡ
kʪֻźԵǰôĵȴ³ֵϤ
Լ޳ţǰѩ׳ۣǲӰʫ续o
ò޵УòҲΪԽʱûŴϣǹõ廨С
kü΢壬ţƺЩʣﾲȻ˯һ京õ塣
ҵı£,װı¡
̫ʣʹճյڲԶã˺üΣɳkԼ޷ܵ
ѡ񣬵kԲôǱЦ̬ӭӱ»ع顪ɱkȴ
kĺԭƺԼ˼е㽫ת˹
˫kζ˼ŵĳγԼ̲סøˡ
ڶݵľȺͳɺǾü΢䣬¶˴ϤҲЦ⡣
С򰡡
ţkԼֹεģöĺôôصˣ
ֻֻèĴڱ˼ıһ¾ͱӿίûˡ
£ǡkԭҪ״յߣkʶʻȥ:ңֻǴܣСˡ
kŲñ¾Լûأ
ȴЦһûзĵõ壬ÿŵһ֣kȻС
̬ٻһֻˣȴҪô̵ͷִ˿ڵĻƢСҰè:ɣС򡣡
δ䣬ջɫǿ񣬾͹ޱȵعȥˡ
kŸ׼ܴơȥ͸еһǿһӿԼȫ
kѿǹֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬱Ƹ֮Ұɢ͵õȫָˡ
Ǹϰӡ
ݸ
ڴԼ»ָʱkšںԼΪ롰ļ䡣
ոգǸһֱڵǡϷϵͳʵԼ´ķӡ߽ȻӿϢ޾ǿóһʱ޷˵ȥҳڵèèˡ
ڵĻ.......
kܿȥ
峺۾΢΢ЦţϸָḧǶȴѱٿήСõ塣
ԣӯ΢ͷţ¸õ岪
𽥻ѵģȻֻһССõ塪ѩ׵Ϊģλķ򲨶ļӿ
ѣգеoҲܿ콫һ
̰Ŵݵ
kǳԼǲܶռµģЩļһܿҪռߵλ......
ɵkΨһֱȵ»عģ
ǿ౿׾ʱ¼ҲﲻһĻ
kкܶĻʣʱµΪʲôˣΪʲôʧôãôڲŻ
ЩĴ𰸣kĵ˼˵񡪵㶼Ҫ
kѾ̬ڱǰˣֻʣһͷ˺öᡣ
kֻţĺͯסλõ˫ϥһһε֯ϸָ.....
¿ݹĿУҵԼĿǰ˵Ļûǰ˵
£˵k״ε:Ѿܾúܾãһֱܼˡ"
ԭЩλ˫ȴȻ̾һ
k¶ãȻĴݸһЦЩΣЩ̿
Сѵǲǰż𣿡
ãȻ޴ۡ
ǰ
kƴԼļѰţȴҲһۼҲȫ޷µĻ
ȷе˵ԶԶֹǼ̧㶼k̰ҫ£΢΢𣬴ݵ΢Ц˵õkδʮȵ޷ڱǰĻ:ôˣɡ㣬°˼ߵķ//"


240 
µĻ,򵱳ˡ
ԭ˺ܾú󣬵kںЩһع顪ȻڱЦӯӯĿȻǺزνС,񩤡̩ٿȻʧˡ
ĿһʱܲʵС뿪,ӵĳЦЦ
kǶ京ţԼѩϸĵõ壬ذ½ϡ
ת˲,Ƕ䵭ɫõӭζļҸ,Ȼءڡ˽׵۽ϣ񡪿ʼ㱻ڳǰõ廨ơ
ġ־籾Դɵ,ΪǿҲĴڡ
koҪͨųʶ,̽ܵ
kġһһһ,߻ᱻ޴ڵķ׽ɵk֪
𣬷kȷԶɢҲԶ⵽˺ܷӡk,ֻԼ
ȫƵϰȵ,֪ʶһӿԺʱ,ս⿪ӡλ......ĿǰϰڳƺԼΪλϵĴ,ŻƲס˶ݵĳ˯
Ψֵkʧصķ򣬴Ҵææͻ
ʵ֤,ǺбҪġ
𷢵Ŀһͻأѵİʯʱһ±ƿߣһ޹ضʼ޸Լǲƻ
Ȼ
һģֻиʱ޷׼kֻǸۣĿѩ㱻˲伤ӿǿ٣ˡ
ղŽҴ£ôôȡȻǵkġ
ݵɢӨâϾº󣬲̾˿ظ΢ʹüġ
kЩļ
Լ˼ôоȴ·һֽ޷زٿء
Ҳò̫áֻҪһʱ䣬ȫߵļ䡣
Ȼ󣬾ܰȥӵk˼Ĵèˡ
ڵkĿԼָڼ䣬ܵϢĴҲһˡ
ģڲǰԼȳߡҹִصڵķλҲ类ϢѵõŮ
ȵŮӯվǣӵ
ȷһڲԼĻþССصһ̲ססˮȪӿʪӡ
СһȲزϵᣬźͨͨ۾ӯؽȥˡ
ڹȥļǧÿһҫ峿ϲȸԾشõǶõ壬׸Ľı
õŮģǿĹɣ
˾ƹ̫oӵзĹپϸҲ޷̳ǡ
ӳõ˯ѣûڼ尾ļĵkһݵΡ
ʶµĻع󣬵kԭɫãȻĿϣ¶˻ϲЦݡ
kȻͷ貹â˼չҲƺƽյҪ౶յѾǴڵkԱߵĸߴУԼһִõָ£ĵȥˡ
kÿһطkøӹԡ
oӶ:ڹɣ֮ͬһʱϸģǵk޵С˾ս;ǷŮά˹أǻ֮˼٣ҹŮܽգ˹顭.....
˳ŶʱĻһŭţһ޼ʵͷɫʣܵشӵŴ覵Ρ
涷޵λoֲ֦Ҷïٻʢ϶˶ҷϢţڵҡ
д嶼ı棬ĲƸ֮ѭСµϢʱѾˡ
kٵԭҲܼ:Ȼ赹飬ȴдá
kðôõѪ׷ѣʹܲóҲϰ߼ˣر˰ģȻ׾ģƽʱҽƺˡ
k֮ûеֻţһԭ:ʹ˵ԭ򣬵ɾκ޷ֵǿ󰲸ԡ
kֱ:򣬶ңܰȫ
ǵkѵסûеһʱطȥҰȽ£ãɡ
и..kʱͲ֪ôˣҪȰ
ǣ
ߴĽo΢ͷ͸콫ĵ˵oǣһգգؿϵ
ܲǵkϤСµģϢkǾԲϴġ
ǾǵkİС¡
k΢ǵĻЦУ·ԵöңԶҲİ
ĽɫҪ
װèè񡣡
һȪöɤЦس:Ϊʲô
k۵׵ǵʧ䣬Ȼɨˡ
ȻֹģԴԴϵЦ
һֱӽ˼ıһЩȴǿoɣΰռס̨ףֻίίǰŵo....ͬһʱ䣬ź桢ӡ⡢𾪡ǵĿ⣬Ͷ˵k
ȻӵмĽɫèһëĴβ͵ĲƸ֮ȴһ㶼ںkǵĿ⡣
kһ̧Ľͫ˫ɫıʯ
˫ˣ΢΢Цŵkٴǵٻ:ҵСè
õװİٻںƺèoһ¾ͷɱȥˡ
֮ǰһֱĹ޷:£
"
kǹ⡢ΪɢԼ㹻ǹ˾䡣
ȻеȻǷ۳εһ죬ûκֱܳܵʱ𵴡
֮ǰ壬ֻǹǱĽسƺλеסؼĴΪ¡
ǵЦҲˣݵӦ:š
ţŵעУֻɱè񣬾ȻͣȻ͡رס˵kĽ£ 
ųŵkϤõèеĶõİ
ǡӦĽŸУȻɢ
"¡
΢Цһḧ˫ë޵èһʾѾվֻɶ޳ĽɫèŭĿӵĹ:ܸټǣǣҲáҪ飬ϣ
"һkƵᣬʵӹɵڵ:&%&%˾ƲƸ塣
Ψһܵõ׿ڽܵoҲ...ʽǰˡ
ȻoҲ޵òûסǲƸ֮ӱ˺ĻǱµ¡䡪
̸ֻ¾kòһˣõoġᰮĿעֻĿĴèȻһ
ҲΨİ鳫İ,èè񡣡
kЦ
ŵһ¶鲻Խվ˩Uǹɣս֮֡ƽʱͽڶࡢìҲ޵УʱǿǰֻͬȻ޳ܵڱϵĿɺͶȥĿ⡣
ɫ㱣ֱԼûˡ
ƬľĬУֻõŮıǿհ׵ġ
ͷ㯵ĿһڱϣһڲƸ֮ϡ
Ƹ֮λ֪İ˵أǵô......ڱʧЩʱ.....Ƿʲô
뵽Լ˵Щ㱹󣬱÷
Ȼ.....׾Ĺ򶼲磬׿͸ֻèkˡĿ飡  
ȫܵı£ȿڣĿ⾼ȴʵճΪ񹫵еĲƸ֮:һĹˣȱ¼Իϲֻղ˵ĻʵʹҸеĿƣλ......λoٹе֮һȴΪʲôΪ󡪡
װɣ
ȴº͵ش˵kĻ΢Ц:ҽҪ˵ĵڶйˡ
ɣüǺԥѡ:ǣ¡
ȷе˵Ǽ֮ǰҪһˡ
Цӯӯؿɫ񣬿Ȼ˹
ɵϤƢ壬kĵĲ:ֻʱ˳˯ûм......ǾȻʲôˣҽһ°ɡ
ϵ֪ϸʱ½ȴѾƻر˽ΪҪСֻöĴè
kһԡĽʵĿУһ߹ڰǱֱ޳ϵģرĿ񣬶谮
Ƿ΢ĳβŵŵkʱ˿̵ļ顣

λè룬ǵkİ..kİ......
֪˶ãѵ⡢ܺճֵġ󡱵ľش񣬲Ŵͷɥء뿪
kʱϳˡ׿˵ˣʰ̯Ӻ󣬲
kǲ֪ǣԼһ뿪ѵϵѵ˵kǵ£ָ͵ģ
õˡ
˫۾ˣ΢Цűĵȴ˺ܾúܾõĴèë׵Ķ⣬Ц:ǽ
һ˲ĻŭŵĽɫè㻯˸ߴģֻȴԼһͨ졣
k۶һС£ȴһ㶼桮ΪʲôһֱûʵkΪʲôڲ
kֻ:ظ׸𣿡
Ȼ
ݸһЦº͵:ø˹̫ˣңڳ׻عǰҲлҪ˵
èo֪Ϊʲô⻰ֿ˺ܶ࣬ص˵ͷ:á
ƺǾ˵ĲϵЦᡣ
ҵСèè
΢һ󣬵k૵ػŵϥԼǰ¸ҵʿЧ˰㡢ǾԳ̬˵ӡ
ҵСˡ
ĸʫС
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ʱ˿̵ĵkҲڷӡֻʣһʱνġϷϵͳǱע˲Ƹ֮Ĵ͸ĵ˵ӵĺˡ
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