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½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ


ߣ¼Nico

飺
ȮalphaxĮĻomega
װʵ̸Ĺ¡

Ҫ˵飡
и¹⣬ȻԷֶ֪ʲôֻǵöԷǴδйĶ
ϧûճŵȥȢ¹ˡ
Ңǿalphaɱˡ
¾⸴
һͬھ뷨޸Ǹalpha
˭ܸΪʲôalpha쿴İ
ɱİ
θп
˭ϵȶԷǲף
ʲôҵĳ˾İ¹⣿
ߣߣߣߣ
һǶȿ
İ¹Լô죿
*ߵһдaboģʲôൣ
ܿ趨˽ɽΪ
ı鹷ѪϲX
Tagб衢ABOж


1
Ϊʲô
ॵһ죬жݺݵˤ˵ϡ
һԼ˱ŵԴӻȥԼ
ǰһλͳβӹվһ࣬ĴƷйŭOmegaˮ觷ȸƷԷҵˤ˸ϡá
еɫȴδǰһ
λOmegaܿˣβȵ͵ص˵ϣˣĲʣģҧгݵغǸ޼˵֣
£һɱġ
ʱһһֱվŵװǶˣǰ˼ߵOmegaǰͼԷ
˭ָԷ򣬾ͱԷ־סӣԭᱻ͵سᣬһ̣OmegaӵԼǰһʶԷ
µ٣˵ΪʲôӦҼ޸󹫾ģһģƾʲô
µٵɫ䣬侲ƽͣûаοԷҲûгԷֻǲ˸ʵ
űگȥҵĹҢûΥָҲܡ
Ϊǽĵơ
ΪʲôΪʲôOmega׾εΪŭŤϵµ٣֪ԷҲٸκδ𰸺ϣȴʼղԼ˻˵ʵ
µ٣ܲܰɱ˽£䵽⸱أ
OmegaûøƵʲôأ
һǰҢ߹alpha롣δ˶Ľ˭֪ǸС˾Ȼűگ˵棬˺δţһԾΪ˹µδ
µȴһӳΪ˳ЦĶ
һ㸶۵ģ¡

ĵ׸ܵ¶ž̲סüžǸļһڵһͷҢƶ߳ˡ
˭뵽һͨɫ˾Ҫ޸ҢΪĴ󹫾ˡ
Լû뵽
ֲ̧Ծشһ²ߵ壬岻Ծز˲ϱߵϢζΪʱ̫Զʧ̱ĳٸжѾԺнȥΨϿȱǿ鼡ʱ̵ǲΡ
ͷܿһתнջҵ̧ۣžԼͻȻֵŮˡ
㡣䵭ؽ
ȵȻ֪ԼҵܵһŽ£źƵЦҲ
ôԸҪ޸ˣôҲЦһЦ
º⻰ĳζƫػص
ΪʲôҪ޸㲻Ӧú𣿡
ǰҺܸ˰ĳȼߵ˽۽кĳϸǽҺľѪμ˾ͷĽ
ֻǿϧˡ
ЩһԼԼϵĵܵ˳ۡ
󹫾ʧȥ߹δ򣬱ӭȢ۵OmegaҪɱǸȤĹ¡
ȻȤҳɹ񣬶㶼ģ𣿡ҲȤתֱĽȣ¶ΥЦݡ
濴ǼΪֵġ
ȸĶ̷һĴ磬ǰһϮĽγԱȣֻͨƵü۲ϡϳǵĹϵ
Ȼ˵ҲԼ˽ĵġ
Ƚֻǰɣ˵Ļȴǽ˱һ䣬
£ҿζ
Լ׽㻰жԼǿĺ⣬ͷȴûһ˿Ĳ
׼ԼʧȥȻȥѰλֶ߹ˡ
ʲôʱУ
Ǽһ䡣
ܿ죬¸ţǱʹԺµġ
ӣ˲Ծ
ô죿
ʼ磬ȻҲǺ˽⣺
ǰҲû뵽ΪǵУٻꡣ
Ϣĵ׾Щһж˳Щš
ҲĵȲȥˡ
ͷ𣿡
ȵ˵ͷ
ڵģʱ򿴵ˡ
С³ĬһԵķ£תͳȥ˼ͣ˿ڵ
ˣЩӦû಻ĶϣܰӦһ£ȻһЩûбҪᣬڻ֮ǰȫ뿴Щ˶ĵ
˵գ߳˷š
ǵЦڽµıӰʧſڵһ˲ʧ͸ǵζװδ磬üͷ
˵ʵû뵽»
ֻһᱻҰڲˡ
Ϊһ˵ˡ
¶ͲмȻͼӡ

²ҵһоԶϣĵطҲþıˡ

ȻûȶҲû˼ȥͽۣŽ˽壬űԼԢͷҹɫϵҢĽ⡣
ҢĽŽҵĹء
ͬҢʬ䶳洢ϰߣ󶼻ᱻԼһĹ
ټĽĹͷѰԼһĹأʯĹδ֣֪Ĺհ׺ܾá
û֪ĹѾ˽ȥˡ
ιҲ֪ܲ
ֽһ׾ĹǰĬƬ̣ǿ˿ڣ
ϾҪȥ㱨ˣҲ֪᲻Ὺģ۳ɹҶ㡣
ĹͶֻССߵ˳ĬԣڰŽµĻ
ֶ֪ӦҲ֪ҽʲôҲ㹫ƽ
ϰ˶ԷĳĬֻ
˵һȢ㣬ʧԼˡ
˵գ±㲻ٿڣֻǶĹǰؿţƬֲ̣Ծǰס䳹ǵĹָ΢΢ںʮָۣһǼҹ罺òࡣ
һ죬µһؾԼκˣҲҪκ˰ڲ
Ǽһᣬƺǹһζ
үҪ㡣
Ϣس˽µ˻ѹ֣·ܹʲôˣ˵ܼѡ
ûӦֻֿ̧ĹһۣŻſڣ˾䣺

ֱͷҲص뿪ƬĹأɫƽ侲Կڴͳһ˳ͷ߸ߵ鷢Ҳ۵˶󣬺״ļһձǰ˳УųϣɨȥһǷºͣĵ
壬߰ɣȥҴԺ
õģү
幧Ӧһűš
壬᲻۷ʲô㶼Ҫǰ֪𣿡
룬һ䡣
ĻӦų̾˿
İɣ壬ܸΪԼʲô˵ġ
--------------------
¿趨


2
ҢڽҴԺǿѾû˶ˣҢĵλΪҲбزٵĶ
ӭҹɫ̤Ƭƹɭ谵ĹլԺߡ
һȥӭͬ˵үõ㡣
ã²µԼҪʲôɵ¶һĨЦ
үںͷǵغһ»ǰ˰֣һ˶Է
壬ǵøղųͬ˵ģ۷ʲôҪ
ŵؿŽ£ƺ˵ʲôɽȴûٻͷֱͳŽ˹ȥ
ϿʼǸ˳һµģÿλ˾һμһ˾Ϊÿӣ±һֱĳӡ
Ҳһļ˾һεĽҼ
ϧˣ˵Ц⡣
ϾҪˡ
ʱ򣬱˭ҲҲڳ׵׵ˡ
¿ǰſһͼڣõĶǶ˺ľϣȴֱס˵ĸо
ɲӲߣǶĳҲ׸
ƿȳصţֱͦͦվһϤӰͽһںڳٲһһֱк䡣
ס»ǹغ˶ԷһԷûлͷֻϵسһ䣺£
ûκγɣͨһȥ
ĵؿĵýϥۣ²ɵü̫ˣҪ
£ʧ
ǰҪɣû뵽űگ£֪گǽҵҪ𣡡
֪
»شغֱӣگҢսʱұýҶָҢû˿Υָ

ԼЩû뵽ԼĶӾôһ
㶼ʲôŴ󹫾Ȣ㣿£ alphaˣ
˵Ǿˡ
ԼӳԼӷڶˣôܻ۱ġ
֮ǰ˵ҪȢһalphaͬˣŹ££ҵĺöӰ
ҧгݣתֱһȵ˽µϡ
µ򵽲˹ȥϸļһ̱㿪ʼ죬ɽֻǵͷ
ǸҲı䲻ʲôˣ𣿡
ǣδĹˣҵȻܶ㶯ʲô
϶µŹǰˣͺڿһһ㣬һOmegaΪܷã
ŶԷĻֻÿЦǰOmegaҲǸ߹ĸ𣿡
һ̣±ذһţصˤ˵ϡ
ݺݵҵ˽Ӳĵ棬³ʹƺһڵʱˡ
ĸһɫ
һúԼ˭
˵գת뿪á
ŶԷ뿪ĽŲʧڶУҧŴӵɺܿ죬ͷԼĲԾһϤкȣҪ̱ڵء
ǵһȡ
ôͻȻ
Ҫ
ƼƼģ
ˣжæûдһ֧Ƽ
Ļ֮ǰԲΥĻ̤һ

˵ڵϣǱ̹ǵĵשӴ˿ȴһ̡
һǸҹ
ֻһҹ˾
Ϊʲôһ
ὥ۽䣬ָϵؿץŵ棬ֱѪģҲѰҡ

Ƚ³֮ʱѾԼԢĴϣѾȥҲûС
컨㶣Ӧ˸Ƽˡ
һ뵽ű㱻ƿŴ͸ŨŨĵǣ±֪˭ȳˡ
Ҳֻbetaˡ
үЩ𣿡
վڴǰ𣬡ҵĴҷֵ̫ˡ
ŶԷΪԼϵĨƣЩΨһԼõˡ
ҷԸģĴ
ûлػɫȻûΪµĻͻ
ҲֻǽԼ̧˿ȻʱܵĶ۲Ǵֻ˿ֱɴ˸ʵʵͷ
һСıԼ뷨Цˣµ࣬۽ǸһĨЦ⡣
ʲô𣿡
廹ҪҪ˵ʳ˿ڡ
ԥһᣬǿ˿ڣǹǱ˴Ϣ
ң
µͷһ˿㵣ܿʧ
ҲԣϾȢOmegaܵüһɣ˵ʲôʱҪң
Ǳ˵졣
ȥ
Ž⣬εҡҡͷ
֪Ǳֻ˵ջ
Ҳǽû뵽ġ
ԣҼʶһ°ɣνǿalpha
˵ȴڣͷӿ˭׵

ڶգӽ¡
ŹԢļλbetaվ¥ϣüƺǾЩȤ
壬ҰҵһֱŵĻɫǼ
ǡ
ܿｪȡ˹
½ӹǼ£ϣָĦ
·ѾϴɾˣǸ˵ζˣǽ»봩ͺˣȥǸɱס
߰ɣǵȼˡ
ҵĳȽҪ͵ˣ⼸λģҲǹ˳ӡ
ĿЩϴƷͣһ£ű˳С
ߵȻҲţȴû뵽
Ǹ˷Ըֻýүһǰ
ɽµӱͲãôܷĽһǰ

ջǿ˿ڡ
Ž˸񣬵ûͬ⽪µҪ
Ǹǹǲܡ
ûԷһ˵ǣ;˶Է
ǹδҾҪӵĻͲҡ
ǡ
Ǳ߻Щԥ³ŶԷԥǻ̧۳ʹ˸ɫܿ˽µ˼
һ̣͵ؽŴ򿪣ЩӦѾ˳
ţɡ
سǼָ
ܵŽµ³վǱһҲֻЭˡ
ӻޱߣûʲô飬һԵ忴ȥЩš
ϾҪȥǴ󹫾Ң߹alpha
ڳǰ¶νĹûʲô˽ġ
ֻ֪ΪҢΪ߹ʵǿalphaԷ޷ƥȨ͵λ
ֻҪҢˣƽջǸ߹ӵܣ˭֪롣ҵĽ
˭Ҳ֪omegaܿҪȥνĽĨɱɾ
ڽº˼ʱ򣬳ͣ
¶죬û뵽ô͵ˡ
ӡУĹԢһξġ
ģ́۳Ŵ⿴ȥϤĽʱ¶ʱסˡ
ǵ
ǳִĿʼ
ǰǸ⵱
ֻǿϧһ


3
Ǵĵطһҵչݡ
ģҲ֪չĲһЩ˵ĻƷ
ЩƷΪͨҪҵǰפر˽ǰͬǸ˵
ȻǸ˵Ϣҹزࡣ
ȻѾȥôãҲõǸҲѾһgٴߣ»ǾЩʡ
ȷԼƼں崦ŴǼ˽ȥ
ؽ²´ˣδȥչݵĴǴƹ˼խεͨȻһ԰
ȥ԰ʿηֲ෱࣬жΪƷ֣ɽͨ˼ûмƷ֡
븭нЩԡ
ˣүˡ
Žߵ˻԰мͤǰ΢΢˵
ƺЦһͳͬת
´δ
ڣὫεؼԺ
ү
ڻȥ
תͷһۣذοһ¶Էűǰȥ
ǽµһο롣
ֻǰ˴һɫ˿ףñǶƤĽǶڹ֮ϡ
ϱѪɫĽҶƬ쳣ۣɳ°ţЩγ޳Ƚţڵĳѥ͸һ˿ϡ
ƣ¿ǳǳЦ˫׵ķɫű籦ʯһͫomegaΪԡ
Щ㶣δ뵽ҢΪ֮alphaᡣ
ȥҲʮҵ͡
£
롣Ž㶵ӣںһųalphaеζûһ˿ݸС
ˡ
»ع񣬿ŶԷصһ䡣
ţɡ
롣Ե˵ͷʾ⽪
ûΥλĹ£ֻ˳ӵسǰ˼ڷ롣ȥ
ϱĵ棬ʵϣµδȫֻȥ
˿̵Ľ¾Ǳ˹͵չƷܸܵ˵ĿεԼϣһС
ܿ죬Ŀͱ˻ȥ
¸˿˶Էڣ
ܺȾ𣿡
ҡҡͷܾ˶Է룺
ǸҲܺȾơ
ƺǾЩɨˣԱ˳ĬһȴͻȻЦ
ɣҽֻ׼˹֭
˵գԷһɫĹ֭

²پܾԷֽ̧Ǳ֭˹
ϤζѾµʲô»ǵͷһڡ
һ˲䣬ϯ⣬ȵƻ֭
Ľסеĳ
˵Լ
㿴Űû뵽ͦ󣬾Ȼűگͬл˹ٰҪ󡣡
л˹ٰǹš
٩ƺԼĻôһСomegaѿضе档
Ҳû뵽ͬҵҪ󡣡
û˵ѣԸ⣬ӵʱһҲˡ
ΪҪܾһλƯomegaʾ
ЦһýµĻЩȤ
[ΪֻǸomega
°
Գ𣬽¾ܾ˵İۡ
ĳŽҵû䡣˶ڳЦomega
û뵽Ĭġ
µ٩һ䣬̧ۿ˵һۡ
֪Ϊξǰ˺ʹ˵еĲһ
з롣ʱ̳丸׵ľλ
ʱҢûںƽŵϹһ
̳оλ̶ȽҢΪ֮𺳣ͼȾָ³⣬ټʵalphaԣԴ˱Ҳû˸Υ롣
Ңݵ
Ǿһalpha²˵ǰϢϢء
֪ΪҪһСС֣ʵˡ
ԣһҪɱ
ү
Щ£һʵĺµ˼˻
ţ
ɻزһֳֻ࿴˫۾ͬһ㣬нЩ¡
Ǹոշ˸
˸Ǹ
ŽԴŵͬһĽë΢΢͸omegaе
һĨᣬִһ˿Υ͡
ɽû̧ͷȻûпɫ仯
үϲ𣿡
ڽĻ̧ʱеĨѸٵȥָƽ
⴦԰еĻǽүϲ֣ȥҲǿԵġ
ǽ»һȦĿЩ޵ĻɨȴջĿ⣬΢΢˴ҡҡͷ
Ǹ԰ûϲĻ
ǽүϲʲô
ûĵؼѯʡ
һ
´룬ԺлһϤĻ䣬һ̴𰸱ѿڶ
ϲһ
ĨһܻıǼƣһԡ
ش𣬵Ĭ
֪Լش˵ش൱ڱش˶Է
һһֱվŵشҲ¶ɫ
£үڵѹˡ
̧ۣԤŽķչ
ɹķӦȴΪ졣
԰ĬƬ̣ŵЦ
û뵽үϲˡ
Ȼ֡
ãȥ֪ͨƬ԰ĸһ԰ּ
ò̧ͷǰĹˡ
Լܳˡ
ûеӽйظһ飬ֻڶԷע¹Ӧ
ǣˡ
˵գת˼ȴֱסˡ
תŶԷȴһ
˵ȴĿࡣ
ֻǰҢǿalphaƽغ˵
԰Ļ˰ɣ͸ү
ҧҺ󣬽һʱסΡ
ǣס
˵գñǱֳ
ýյĹһǷˡ
²֪ЩˣԷҪһ԰ӻ˺лǴһ¡
ΪʲôλôȻô˳Ծ
ô԰͸̣ˡ
ͼõջղŵľɶԷȻû뷨ֻǲüͷûһ˿õƽͣ
үҺ㼴ҪɻˣʲôӦģžˡ
Էô˵±㲻˵ʲô
Ҫھܾ˶ԷҲǲ˶Էӡ
ڽ֮ǰǾҪ˲ĵúá
뵽⣬¹ԹԱ졣
Һã仨԰ûʲôȥҲֻ˼䣬˽ļ档
ɫˣҿү岻̫ãȥϢɡ
һ仰˽Ľ
µȻǶԷڸϿˣִ糯˸
±ˣлյĿ 
ãпһȥ㡣
ƮƮһ仰ýһʱ֪λػ
ܿ죬±ʶӦֻǶԷĿ׻˵ͷӦűתкŶԷһͬ뿪԰
omegaȥıӰ˲ʧȥ˸ղŵĹԣֽ⿪ۣ¶ֻ׵ϱͼڷԡ
¡
롣վڻ԰¡


4
뿪ݵĵ롣˽үһ԰¾Ңˡ
֪»ͷϵĿͬ˵ġ
º󣬽ºҢ磬ֻҢ˶¡
[Ұ˹԰Ϊ
[۹ͳġС
[ǧһһЦ
Щֵֹ۱н¿üͷ
¿ͷ˸Ź԰һ۷׷ס
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2¥[¥˵Ķ԰˵үС裬˴ϣǿ϶ǡ

25¥[֪˵ǵȿϵĽүΪ˾ǱߵĪүֹȨʢ
28¥[ļٵģСϢɡ
29¥[ǧȷ

ϱߵĸۣ¹Ĭһ̲ס̾һ䣺
ǧȷйˡ
԰һǽԼû뵽ģϲŵ֪԰жء
ֻ߹ۣȫǼٵټˡ
ǿȶԷȢ
̾˿˵ʵûýԼ¶ڴ۵µľ
ȵʱɱ˵Ӧûһͷɡ
ʱҢǻ᲻ȫʬ˵׼
µ˼ؽһţ¸žУ֮ǰһ£ӦûҪ
۵·һĵسţһ·һֱߵһľŴ˳ǰһƬȽƫƧƶͷ
Ң׼̻Ȼңţ̸ദúܺƽµƽ֮Щġ
Ϊԭ򣬽СܿһǮԸģҸ߹Щÿһεм룬ȴЩҢ³ľ
࣬˶ÿһʱҼ̳ݼԸ
Ǳߣ£е£ֻǶڰ㽣ҲжǮƵĿ
Щ´δӴĶ
Ϊμ˾ҲһֱںŬЩ˵ĵ档
˰žûˡ
Խһظ𣬽㡣
ֻƶͷ˺üȦ߽ƶԱܱΪׯµһ
߽ȥbeta̴ס
չʾԼĺһպԷܿ͹ؽ˽ȥ
ȥԺһ谵ȣܱǽֻмֻɫĵӳǽЩ񣬻ϵΪƹԵ͸˼ˡ
ºԲǵһˣɫƽظ̴߽ͨһŨķڡ
ǰŸ̤Ƿڣһߵ˱ӭ
Ӵүɰˣ
ֻɫƤףһɫƤɫѥɫľһСɵĹǼһ۾һӣȥǸСӡ
ɽǰ˿ɲʲôСӣֻƶġ
Ң³ġ·ǸһѪҺһomega
ǰϻغ˵ˡ
ֺͶԷӵһ£˶ԷνĹ
ǿ̫ˣ£ؿǵ˻ػ
·˵ĻĻˣæתȥչǷϻǩһĺͬһ߷һߺͽ¼ţ
°ҹĿ࿴Ȼ£
һԷ붼֪ǺЩͷйأʱЩͷ
٩ң챻¸ͷˡ
ôʲôͷ۵ģҲ͹ƽʱ̫ʲôҲںҪͷϣҪ¹߳ȥҫҫ
·ЦСʶĻ飬ӲԼĵ٩ͳЦ
ε̾˿˼Ѱ˸ûٻػֻǰص·Ѷȡ
·Ҳ֪ڱʲôѰ˰ҵҪҵĶһֽŶѥյ˹ݸ˽¡
ϻ˵ĶѾȫ˳Ͳǩˡ
УˡԿڴȡ֧ʳûǲֽǩԼ֣ͳһգӣֽϸ˸ӡ
ˣȥɣʱ䵽ҵжͶˡ
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·ӹǷݺͬһ۱һջһ²һ䣺
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--------------------
С·ҲϹģϲԸСɰ


5
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--------------------
ҪõĶ


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--------------------
ѾһˣҲǸˣЦ


7
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--------------------
˹͡Ҳϲ


8
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͵̧ͷŶԷɶԷһ̾Ͱ˻ȥĮǿӲ
콪үȥǼǽ顣
⻰ý¶ûзӦɻûһ䣬Ѿת뿪ˡ
ǣ֪ǲԼоˣղźо˵޵ŭͲ
ˣΪԥ
¶ʱķû뵽ԼôͼĴֻҪ򵥵жԷ䣬Ͳˡ
£Ҫˣ㻹Ų۵ǲǣ
ţһԵǰԹ˵
үҼ˷Ըҽͻȥ
±ȽԼķʱãվòص˵ͷ
Ǿ鷳ˡ
Ƚ±ͻԼĹԢϴ˸裬ڿУ룬ǹʹز˸绰ȥ
绰ܿͽͨˣֻһӯڵ绰ͷ
ιλ
˹͡ҡ
˶Է֡
ԷµĻЩ죺
үôˣ
ſ˹͡ͻȻЩ
ô˵˹͡ҲǱߵˣ˵ˣԼ֪ڷʲô˹ܰ͡ʲôأ
ûˣ˹͡ˡ
¸Ҷϣȴ˹͡ˣ
үģ벻ȥһ䣿
ͨѶԥһ£˹͡ԱݵĳӦð
˹͡ȻܸˣͨѶǱ߿ʼʰһİ
ôҪȥģ
˹͡Ҳм
ѳȥ䣬ԼԵ㰡һ쵽¡
ҲգͳЦ
һ쵽ֻ㡭
žһ绰͵عҶϡ
¿ͨѶգۣûзӦһֻ̣˹͡Ϣ
[ү˼ţȥxxֺȾƣ
ºԥػ˸áȥžͬ屨һԼš
--------------------
˹͡ϹҲ˧ģԺлһޡ


9
˹͡ԼĵطҢƽһֵǱߵ˴󶼴ʱԣһɫ£ɫЬд磬ټվʵЩ롣
·˱ĵĿ⿴˺һ󣬿˹͡ǳˡ
ѽүԲ;е£һ㡣
˹͡ûдһȹһ¶ţ¼ڳ㣬ĳŶ졣
šɺʱС
Ŀڿ˹͡۵ǺͣƬ̣Ȼܿ쿴˱𴦡
үܺȾ𣿡
˹͡ŽһµӣǶһ䣬Ͼµݲͣʱ£Ǻѵġ
ǺܻᣬٺȵӦûġ
ʵ˵ԼҲϣ˹͡ΪϲҪ鷳
ðȥưô
˹͡Ư͸Ŀ⣬ɿ˹͡ϰûЩˣֱ˽µļ磬һĴ 
ҽô
¶ڳƺûô⣬Ǳͬ˿˹͡Ļ
Ϊ֪˹͡һomegaԭ򣬽¶Կ˹͡ҲûôܣɶԷԼļ硣
˹͡ᳵ·شȥһҿȥľưɣûֵطǿ˹͡һ·ȥһŵλ˰̨ǰ
̨ǰĽ𷢾ƱȻʶ˹͡ģſ˹͡¶һ
Ӵ˹͡û뵽ܿ㣿һΪСߡͲأ
˹͡һ˰֣˵ʲôأܹܵң
𷢾ƱһҶӣЦЦȻ˳Ȼؽ⳶һԵĽϣ
λ½ѣ
ȻȻҴʲô
˹͡üð̨ŨȵһģҪѽˣ㸺ȫ𡣡
С
ƱȻ˽˹͡Ƣεص˵ͷ
¿ſ˹͡⸱ݵģɵþȤҲࡣ
£ҽ£
˹͡һֳ°ͣͷɵ㳯Žʵ˵˵ķ£ţ
һ뵽Լ£¾̲ס̾˿ĵ΢΢¶һĨεɫ
ĵ̫ˣ֪ô˵ˡ
Ǿ˵
˹͡һ֪Ĵӣһ㶼û֮ǰݵģ
µͷԼ֣һ飬ԥſ˿ڣ
˹͡᲻ΪһһЩ޷ͷ£
һˣ
˹ָ̨͡˼һʵʲôˣҪ𣿡

˹͡⣬˼һ¡
԰δ˼Ǹ˶زҪ
Ҳ֪
ҡҡͷǷһԼҡ
㲻֪Ǿ˵ûôҪ
˹͡Цһ£һ˵ӣã˫ڵ۾ȴ˶Ҫ˹͡㶣һ̲סཪµͷ
㻹СҲʵЩˣֻһͶѣҪ̫⡣
ҡ
ǰǼҹһֱؿڽµԺÿҹλ֮ʱϡǸ˵ɫľͬҰһĴϢһһظ
ᵽԷĸ۰Ҳܸܵǽмܵĳײһһ£ЩĹһȫײ顣
ܲ˾ͱҡ
ǸԼૣסĽҡ
Ѿ׼ȢؼˣѾҪȥ׷ԼˣΪʲôֻᷢ£
¾ԼͺǴ˵еһֻˣǱŵĳȥѰԼɡ
¡
˹͡ƽ￴ҢЩһһӣôǰλҴүȴһģ
ȵƣȾܷ顣
ɾƱ͵˹͡˳ƽƵ˹ȥ
¿ǰտˮһľƣĳλ۾Ҳ͸һףɵȥȴһƬ磬⡣
ʱ¶Ʊһ⵭ľƾζһʴζ١
һ
̧۳ǰľƱ˵ĶԷĪЩ¡
ãϡ
Ʊתͷһۿ˹͡Էͷŷġ
£ĵ
˹͡ڰο£ϾҪ޸ˣ˸˰
԰Ӧÿĵġ
һǰľƣ΢Һܿˡ
԰£޸ɰ
˹͡һӦ͵
¼ǰľƣ˳ǣƺÿˣ
Ҳܿȥˣˣûˡ
ǰǰɡʲô
˹͡ԭһοصͷӦ͵һ룬ͻȻɴ˫۲˲Ծ͵תŽ´˹ȥɻ
˵ʲô£ôҪˣ
û뵽ѾЩˣƾľ񾭣ظһһԼࡣ
£ˣ˵ʲôҪˣ
˹͡Ǽ£ϽŽ¼һ顣
¿ſ˹͡˻Դһ̵˿˹͡Ķ࣬һ仰
˵գ˹Цһܿĵӡ
ٿ˹͡ȴ˲ɴ󣬻ͻȻǲ˼顣
Լոʲô
ɻûӦͻȻվ˰̨ΪƵԭ򣬻λƵسſ˹ȥ
٣
˹͡һ䣬æվŽ׷˹ȥ
͵ͣ
ֻոջһɵЦĽ´˿Ѿĳ˵Ļ
˹͡ոս˵ĻʱЩҲûƽƣĿİͰ͵غ˶Էţ
ˡá
롣֪ʲôʱڵľưɣһɫ˿ɫļϴ޻ǳɫ̽𳤿ŰɫͲѥһͷĿϡеİ׷ڻ谵ľưͺڷ⡣
λ˹͡վһվǱߣЩ
˵ǶԷδڵͷԼֻomega
omegaںڵĳΪɢԭѾ˼ƣĻֻԷΪƾȾϵ糺졣
Էܹԣ§Ҳ֣ϲĸо
Ž⸱ģոʱŭһ룬һԼomegaǻ̧ۿվǰܾ˵Ŀ˹͡
»زҪˡ
˵ĻƮƮģûһ˿ȴп˹͡ĵ׵غ
ϾҢǿalpha
ǡ
ŵڶԷĽ£˹͡ԥһ£ջҧҧ˿ڣˣͷ˻ȥɡ
˵⻰˹͡ԼԶˡ
ŵһȾϱ˪ȻǶ˵Ļ䲻ãɿ˹͡ô죿ҪǷŽºͶԷȥһС˵˸ղŵĻⲻ
ɵȻѽ½˹ֻ͡ؿŵ±Ȼһһ߳˾ưɡ
롣һ뿪ոջžľưɶʱ˶ĵļΨп˹͡㶵վԭ
˺һʶʲôͳԼͨѶ˸绰ȥ
Ƭ̣绰ͷͱͨˡ
ôˣ
绰ͷһ
ɿ˹͡ȴ΢΢ſǻŶԷ
󱦣ӰɡҸоҺܿҪɱˣ
˹͡ɻ˵ԼҪߡ
ΪʲôүҪԼҪɱ°
Ҫǣùѽ´ȥˣ
Ҫǽº͹˵ǻҲˡ
˹͡뵽⣬޵ĸˡ
--------------------
˹͡ϹҹŻˣx


10

¾ԼֻصǼҹ
˻ǰֿɼḶ́Էһӿļеİ
ţֽǰӵø
ڳϣŻƵĥ䣬͸Ⱦһ˿ᣬֽomega§ЩԷӵһơ
ˣͽүȥ𣿡
ڼʻλϣѹʵ
ͷŻˣ谵ĳڣ΢Щɳѹ֣ȥׯ԰
ǣˡ
һʻҹɫ

[˭
Ժظо˱߶ƽȣӵҡΣһƬ֮УŨĸζһıǼ䡣
Ӧζ
»ĺ½֣ͼץסһЩԼȫС
ڿץһ½ǣ˲ͳסسԼ⳶˳
𡭡ߡ
µĻ
ƺ˽µһֻůְס˽ֻ֣һ̣һƮƮǵ˽µĶ䡣

²˲ͻȻ־Щ£뽫ϵƿ
һǵͳЦŽ¸оԼ·ڱ⿪ʶץס˶Է֣˲һЩ
۾һĨ۵һӳµС

µ˲ϸһĨãһȴŷ۵ɱ⣬͵ѹ¡
һסԷĲӣµͷֻںޣ
Ҫɱ㡣
µƽ䵭ƽ˿̵Ȼ޴棬ʣµֻĳޡ
ɰ
ۣȥһԷͷָԷķ˿Էͺܵ˾һʹ˦˦ͷŭһ䣺
ң
ɫķɿ壬˳ĳٲкڵ࣬ĥ
Ϊʲô
ŲҲգ˫ʯ۾ƽؿŶԷͺһʣ
Ϊʲôɱң
˵յ;̧ۿϵomegaŶԷںƯ۾ΪʶһĨԥһ̣Էһ˿ʣ
ΪҵһУҡ
оһϣԾֽ˵ĳÿ˫ӯˮӡ
һǼ
ԷſǻƻĶƣͻȻȥĳ嶯
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ΪʲôҪɱѾŵ˵ģͲһ㣬Ϊʲô
µĻеͫƺδ뵽Է˵һ̣ǳȵϾе¶ϲɫҲò
㡭ΪҪɱң
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ɽûٻӦͻȻʩӵȴش
Ǻǡ
ѹֲסĵ׵ϲãЦͺʲôĴ𰸡
´ԻΪƾԵʻģֵ¶Է𶯣Ժ
뵽𰸣һɴͻȻ½𣬽ûסһ˾ͱµalphaƵ˴ϣ󻹱Էѹס
µomega˰ֻ֣һۣܻǰǼҹһ㣬ݽȥ
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ԵϢһεغ
ŲĨһζ͸ܲȫС
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һ㣬Һ㡣
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Ǳһ㣬¸Լ°ͱȻһǡ
ûκεԺռͺһ´󰲸һǡ
Ϥ
»§˶ԷĲɶԷǡ
㱼䣬ºŵǹһζһıǼ䣬ŵ
ԼԼ񿴵ֻɫĺһǰζ
ĵİ£½ؽ硣
Żomegaĺƽȣ˶ԷһŶ
ŵظԷ˱죬ڶԷ
ҵĺ


11

ʱѾǵڶˡ
ۣ±ԼһͷԸüµĴʵؽԸܿ죬ĿⴥͷǻİĵƺͻɫıʱһӾ˹
ﲻҡ
͵ؾѣľƾһӾɢ˿ȥ̧ۿİķ䣬װ޵͵ݻԻɫΪԵûҰƣǽϺ͹ϵһЩ̽װƷֽ˼ֻ
ģ
ԴͬˮһͷԱǿнǰֵȴŽֺ
ƺ󱻵ؼˡ
ؼҺʲô¸æ鿴Լ壬ֳͷʹ巴ɲûκβʡ
ûжʲô
ʶĽ²˿ܿ컹ǽֱӣ˿ĴʶԼŵѾ·ˡͷ˿˯£ûʲôͼʿɣĺܺ
ǵԼԼ·Ǿֻпܡ
ţžͱƿˡ
̧ۿȥͬԷĿڿײ˸š
omega˲佩ֱ΢΢¶Ĩξ裬ĵؽĿջأȻֱ˽ȥ̷˴ߡ
۵طȻ·üһ䣺ҵ·أ
ȥϴˣɡ
ºͣнЩ˼
лл
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Ȼ˽ӣûϸΪʲôȥưɺȾƣԼԼˣֻ˽һ䡣
¼ԷᣬҲر죬ǿѹĵ׵ĺ͵ģȥ췢¡
һ̣һֻ־صϽµͷ
һᵣĵġ
࣬нЩֻ֪ܴӦһȻع񣬲һ˿ԣʵ
֪ǣ
˽⣬δֱش𣬷ǹ˸䣬ƫ˵
үҵδ򡣡
֮˳ضŽµһһ컹Ժ
ûͿ飬ֻŤͷ̾˿
ǹ»ֱӰͻؼҾˣտҵģͲ鷳ˡ
ү𣿽컹ҪȥǼǡ
Ỻػص콫үˡ
ʵ˵¾Ѿò࣬컹Ϊ²ķġ
Щɡ
˵Īн¾öԷںС
ǼΪǹͼӰģţ
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¸æһԵ·ſһԵalpha
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ķӦӦûиʲôֵֹ£ȻԷӦͷˡ
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һһһԵ·
ܼ򵥵Ŀʽҵķ񣬰ɫƳƵŦۣɫ޻ЩպͣϸܿڵǼֻ壬վտ֡
͵·ƽﲢûдԵվھǰλųų£ŲȶѥԼʱ㶡
ںڳ߸ĵ͸ЩƣȴһɨյŲյļӣµۣ·ͷǳúãα˳ɫѥûкɫǰƣýӦ
̲סֺ;еԼᴥһ£ָı䣬²ŻЩʵס
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ƭԼ»Ǵš
һţͿŮſڣˣòؾһǰ·
ׯ԰ͨˣߵĸӳ̶ȷʵǳ˽µ
˯Ǽ䷿ƺׯ԰棬λŮͣƹ˺üȣڼ仹˲¥ݣ˺һΣߵһССĿߡ
ׯ԰ѾȺܾˡ
ˣүˡ
Ů͹سŵ˵Է̧̧֣λŮ;ȥֻʣ˽º͵ˡ
ûжƾϽ˶һ飬¶һ飬ǿһ䣺
үȻܺÿ

ûػÿصһҭס֪Ǳɴ಻ˡ
ҲԲЩʣŽ°˰֣ʾȥţ
үͷҪҪȵѾ
ҡҡͷ˵ƽȵվ߾ûˡ
ŶԷ˼նԷָʾ࣬ȻЩӦǰܿ
ǰЩµĲȣѾͷ˵θ˲˾񣬿ʼߴʳ
ҶϾ˻ûжꡣ
һomegaͻȻԵͷһ˿¶ű̧ȸʢһ
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µͷҨһɫУ֭ζ٣˲˵鶼˺ܶࡣ
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²֪Ϊ򵥵һǼλúüµĹʡ
ĿԹմ֭Ĵڵƹӳ͸죬еտࡣ
үϲͺá
²û˷ʳϰߣټϵʱвˣһٷ˵ǺܳˣֻͷͶֹͣ˶ԷⳡͶι
µʾϸһĨۿɼá
²֪Լľٶȡ˶Էֻ֪⸱ӳȥ˵ܰѿ˹͡Ļٳſ㡣
ʱҲ֪˹͡ʲô顣

ϢһǱǰҢĽǼ
˵ĳڵǼſڵʱֳһǼǵһķֵܳġ
³һ˲ܵ˷Ŀⶼ۵ϣ·Ҫ˶һ㣬Щʡ
ܿ죬ߴ͵ǰ棬ɫº͵ǣ֡
ҲһµƷ׺ɫһɫĺͽϴĶһʽֱֻϵ̽ºͽƤѥԱȽ¸ΪЩ
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Ҫ͵ҲᱻʵһٶҢ棺
ҢǿalphaͽҵomegaҪΪʽˡ
˳
--------------------
ҪץסŵģҪץסθ


12

ҢĽǼˣ㻻ˣû뵽뿪ǰϹǼǽ¡
ۿǰǼǵһķ߶ͳ˳ȥҲûס
йط󹫾ͽү´ʵ˵ˣҲйͰԣ˵ʵҲȥһۣɳְҵڡ
ǼֹһλԱɴҲû뵽Լᱻ˵ѡС
ǰǣֽĶˣһ˰ºڷģƺһ˰׷տͫɫ󺣡
վһ𣬺һԡ
ȾⱲӶǰһˡ
á
ͳɤƮ˼أ˶񡣴¸ҵ̧ͷԷӣ
ãˡ
ǰʱԤԼˣ鷳㿴һˡ
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˳ǰλԱָʾϸϸ۲죬׿ϵĽɫ
Ͼǵһؽ飬·ǸûûƤӦҲһ
ں˼룬һֻ־쵽ƤḲ֡
ˣ
ͽomegaĽſУȴЩ
£ڡ
š
omegaϸĽ΢΢˲Ӧ
Լֻֻս¾һʱҲֲԼĵ׵ʲôζˡ
ֻĿĵĽӽĿĵĽ飬ΪʲôԼôš
ãˣүҪṩһйԼϢ֤С
ȵ˽µ˼
һԵԼЩļشȣ±ʶ˵ҪǼǽ²ʱ⡣
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ָǽԼʳָǰĻϡ
¿ǰĻ˺ԥȥĶлһ˿ԥһ̣һݣҲַȥ
һǰġ֡һ죬ָ¼
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ãˣģΪҢľڽӺҳϣһĵĻڣȫ̻¼Ƕλͬڱλȥ
ǰ˲Լͬĵ˵ͷ΢ЦؽǴһԵСͷ
±ȥǼ̨ʱڵﻮһ˿ڡ
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̲ס˶Էһ䡣
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£ҪΪԼľ׳Լ۵ĻȻׯϵվߣЩΥĵԡ
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ҽŵԸ롤Ϊޣ϶ԴθͻҳŵһԶʵڡ
µƽͣҧǳ֮һ㶣ĦһŻȻȻԼλϵͽ

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ţ·Ǽһ￴»Цֱɡ
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ɫľһ۵Σнһ۾ͱϳ˶Է
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΢Щɳƣͺʲôĥ˺Щ֡
ŶԷڻ谵ƹӳ»ްߣ³һ»ǳŶԷ˹ȥ
ţƺܿԷֿǡ
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ôң
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ү
¶˶٣ûлͷֻӦ˶Էһ䣺

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ϣںڰĹ⣬Ҳ͸һĨ
ã»ر𺰴ƺˡ
ǰߵǵĹ˵


13

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İɣһȥġ
µһ߽ϵİ׹һЩһ߳Ī¹˹طȥ
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µٵӣš
Ÿմ򿪣һͳ˹µһݣֶ˶ȴջû̧ƾҵͷϡ
䴫һʹµȴûκεı仯ֻǵͷǱȻݣִš
ͷomegaǷϵһǱ֮УƺЩˣл΢΢µٽȴͷ̧һ£ָֻ̧֣ſںһ䣺
ҹ
µɫȻûسȥֳǰ˼
ţµʶԼƺȵʲôͷһֻһƬƬѾ˺İ׽ɢڷĸ䣬ϱߵֶЩģˣΨ̽дǩȴۡ
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µٵްƬ̣ջĿ⣬˼ߵomegaԣȻƽࣺ
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š
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үѹȻȤ
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--------------------
ܺãһ


14

ֻôûôεһ棬Ϊ·Ѿͷˣû뵽Ҳ
̧ۿԼұЦɵǺǵģֻýǰ϶ûпҪ֪˵Ҳ˵ʱѾı鶼ˡ
Ҳֻ̧ۿŶԷĬĬ˾䣺壬ôˣ
Щ˼Ȼƽ񾭴ˣµô˵棬ЩŵģֻһЦͽ½һ£
ģƨ²㡣
ǽµĹùãԽһֱܺãκζԷͽĹϵһ㣬ƽｪ±ѼԷԷҲģǽ㵱˶ĴͲ
ŽһµӣȻҲû뵽Լұ϶ԷĻա
̾˿æн
Ҳûֵܾ·ԱߣȻ·Цĵ٩
µıܣ
⻰ĿһԵϣɫƤȴ˫ĺۣЦЦؿԼ
ǣλ
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Ȼɵ˰ġ
⻰㶣ûʲôɣôһǵ˶Էӡ
Ƭ̣ƺǽһֱԼǰȡ··ʩһס˽֣ϸָḧϽļϷŪ
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һ߽ȫ֪ԼСԼ֮䷢ʲôֻ֪ԼҪѼϼһȥõ͸Ļա
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վô𣿡
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⻰ڽ¶УʱͽнЩ˼
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һԵ·ԼҷСŤģֻȤǴû뵽ľͷҲпһ졣
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·˳ȥֻɵͣ̾
ôˣһֱ̾
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һ飬ңҾҪ̳мҵˣҿҪĥˣԲŽ͵
ۡ
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κ̫ᣬ˭û


15

˵ڵµһ乫Ԣеģʵ˵ǹԢʵװȴݻ˼£ܱ߻˸԰Ӿء
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о乫Ԣ͵ׯ԰ڵķȲЩ
˵ׯ԰ǵװǵݣôߵװ޾׵ıˡ
찡ҪϹҵ𣿡
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Ҳû뵽شǵɻ
乫Ԣ˹ҵװҲҵһ񡣡
˹ءֲá
Źֲÿô죬ԭǺǱһװ޷
Ҫǽүϲһͷһ¡
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ûµԹԵؽﻻ뷨϶һ¡
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ҲֻˣϾԼҲûԹĿ࣬¶ۡ

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οˣҿԵǽһġ

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Բ𣬸鷳ˡ
˽ڲӵ뻳УڵϢomega϶Ŀ⣬ᰲ
ҪҵǸԶҪ
--------------------
С·Ŀ


16

²ΪʲôͻȻչ̧ۿڴϵalphaԼղΪʲôҪ
ǱӰˣҲĹˡ
ѵʱalphaѾӦȻݵ߽ݡ
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΢΢ҡҡͷû˱ҲûвңһҶԸġ
¡
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µˮ֣¡
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²ؿеľУϱ߸еĻע⣺
游ǣ
ǽҵļѫ£Ң֮Ҹǰ䷢ģ㸸ǽӡͬöѫ²Ȩġ淢ͻʱֻöѫ¡
ڵӻһ˿죬游ΪҪôҪĶϡ
£һͷӣӶҪˣͷȴòʲôöѫ¾ļױˡ
ϧĽµ̧֣Իǵ۾۲ӣµĳĸףȴһۿȥǸܹԵĺӡ
̫ʱҲǺ¡
游Уܸҡ
֪ľ߶ҪԣæҪľлԷϾԼ֮󣬺ܿҪ뿪ˣⶫҲûá
ɽջȥüͷҲ
£游ģ㲻˵ʲô¡
ʹˣҲѾܽˣǹɿڹļȴڵģ¿游Ǹ飬̾˿ľеջء
лл游һúñܵġ
ɽ²֪ԼܱʱҲ󻹵Ѱȥ
ãԺӡ
¶΢Цű
ͷҲˣúϢټ
游
ס˶Է
Զٷ𣿡
ʲôһ£ҲúϢҲǸӲ̣ӡ
˻֣һ˵һ߳ſȥӰ͸еԣҲˣҴ˾
á
˳ӵصͷ˳ɣ游ټ
游뿪ıӰͻȻЩ
˽ϿΪǸ˱ʵȴΪԼ
ͬʱҲһԼЩˡ
ҵѡ񡭡ǶԣǴ
¿еľһ̣Ѿȫֱ治ˡ
ɼˣҲܻͷˡ
ͽԼͷ·ȫϣȻ̤עʬǵĶľš

һߣϳ˲Į
ߣȥҴԺҺСӺúЩ¡
ǡ
˾ص˸ͷʼҴԺʻȥ


17

ڽǰһ̣Īÿֻš
ֲϤ˷ףأңҲоţһЩƽգֻ綼Щʵ
һ̣ƺûΪomegaƲˣֻΪҪ޸롣ˡ
壬³ҪȥһĹ԰
¹һڸʰ˵
ʰһֶ˶٣̧ѵ
үǱ˵ˣ
֪Ҿȥһۡ
»Ǽ뷨
ҲĲˣҲûʲôҪõĶˡ
ԼӶô˵ˣҲ˵ʲôӦһűűȥˡ
վԾֳһԵľӿһۣߵɫ󣬱һǰǾ˲٣ѾûǹǷϵˡ
һͨˡ
ͺֵӵδ

˽ҵĹ԰ᳵ·ѰԼĹȻϵİ׾ȥ
ӦһˣҲһˡ
϶ݵظůɵˣѾڴˡ
վĹǰôؿţɫͣƺһ̡
ˣҲûע⵽ԶϢվǣվĹǰĽ¡
ιҪˡ
ƽˮŷش˶С
ԺҲˡ
ḧĹ¿˵ŰοĻżͻ
˯ɣҲ˺һˡ
̧ḧϷңָᳶһڷɢ䣬īɫķҲ֮˽µ
в˼ȦĹǰĻ£ӳǰȥ΢΢ͷĹһǡ
˿к࣬´˿̵ü˭ûмϡ
Ρ
Ĺ֮Ŷૡ
һУҲûһ˿ת뿪Ĺ԰
omega뿪ıӰĳƮնԷʱĳ
ʹֱײش޹ΪеĹ⡣
˵˻ȢֻǸЦȴҲ˻ȥ
˵Ӱȫʧ롣ŴӰֱ߳ߵ˸ո˴Ĺǰ
ûһֵĹalphaɫ΢ƺܸܵĸӦ
һֺĸоĹĹⶼ
ǰںڰгߣڵȴ׷Ƭ⡣
ӿŽ˲ǸӣĹ˸
ˣơ
˵գּĹǰյǼ䣬·ᵽ˷˿ǳ
㲻ӵҾˡ
Цºͣں˵һ
İɣû㣬ĺܺá
һСʱ򣬾Ӵֻǳ룬ڣȴ˳ؽ̰õʹ§Уӡǡ
תһһ˳ʹĽŲ׷ȥ
ǳĹĹȥ˭ǵã˭⣿

»صԢΪǱ˻ܾˣȴû뵽Էͺ֪һصԢϢһԷĳŵ¥¡
ˣ
ڳڣԲͷŽʵ
µ˵ͷ
Ǿϳɣǻġ
ֿ˳ţȻ󳯶Է֣һûԥֱӾͽַȥŶԷ˵Ȼ˳
Ҫˣ𣿡
ḧµķңŶԷɢĳ˼
˵Ǽٵġ
ûдֱӳôѵ𣿡
ô᲻š
ݸһЦomegaƽҲѹֺļᣬֻҪһ뵽ǽүҾͲˡ
š
¸ԼֱԷůӿϣ֪ԷڿԼ̧ͷֻҪԼ̧ͷмŵͻ˲̮޵ߵسĴ
˾Ҳ˻

ǰһҪǲŻ̡
еһнʵûô룬Ҳ֪ǲǵ˽Ը֪ЩȤйػ̶ǵһװġ
ֻҪڻϴŻб͵޸ˡ
һп޵ˡ
˹͡ƵĻĺ׽ɫĳɱ˿һ֯컨ĲüİɫΣϱǶһſŨĺ챦ʯڵƹӳԵøĿ
βƵŴƬĽɫ֪⻹⣬ϸǶʯ࿴ۣ¾Ծ˵۾峺ȴδ˿͸
ξȱˡ
µͷǰǶѷƷɵüҲֻ
ԱߵûгҲûǰֻǻԷʹ˸ɫ
ǲ֪ҪҪλδ˵Ļ
˫վ⣬ֱĳ֣ⳡֲűơ
ôˣ
ֻһۣ߷ʲôֱߵߣʵ
ǸҲЩΡ
³ŵʵ˵
ԡ
û˿ԥһӦཪµͷƽͣ㲻Ͳ
δ˵ĳ谮һչֵ쾡¡
»ؽү˵ʲôˡ
ƮƮسܱ˵һ䣬ûȴҲ˺µصͷ
ҢǿalphaͲһ˵
ƣomegaɢڷϣָ˽µĳϸĵؽȻǰǶƷȡֻصĺ̺õͷס
ˣүҲܺÿ
οһ䡣
ۺʱεأ۷ʲôû
Ͳֵá
̧ۿǰǳЦalpha֪ΪΣĵӿһɺ
˵ΪʲôǸնɱͬʱҲĪʼǰڳ΢Цalpha
ڳԼδЦδȴֻɱ
⽫ҢһҲһĻˡ
ǲǶ׼ˡ
öٵ˸еκβʣ
Ǿ߰ɡ
ֱalphaǣ𣬽µͷŵ֣ԾĽüͷ
ֻһأΪġ
Լġ


18

ǰĲŶ޵ģ°ָʾͬżһԼߵλϡ
һ̨ȥܿЦ
ͬھͷߵһȴʱӵͷ
޳ͷԣıʻ˽ġ
ΪǸˣΪԼνһϣ
ɸйһˣǸҲǣ˭ҲҲֻԼ˽ƻһֻΪԼ޵ȥ
ⱲӾΪԼƻأһأǸ˻ȡɵĵһʧˣʧܵسס
ǵڶأΪߵֻܽŭйɱǸ˵֣Ҳǰalphaϡ
˵ףҲһаˡ

ڲŽҪؽңȻŵڶ
֮ǰ¿ǰalphaͬ˱
ˣףΡ
ͫҹɫеƬ̣Էǰý»δӦץ˽һֻ֣һʮָ۵ؽµ˳ϣһֻ׵ػסomegaϸѶԷ۽Լ
omegaͿܣalphaû˲䴫һǵͳЦž˻Ĵ
ĥalphaһغޱչԼǿƣζԷ򦣬ڶԷֿһ˳ƽ
ǰomegaռߡ
ӽҲһֱǡ
ˮŷʵ
Ե˶Ծؽͷת˹ȥһ̣˶࿴һ۶ɱʽơ
Ҳ֪˶ãalphaɿ˶ԷĴѹ֣ǰ΢΢omegaԷ۽ǵ糺һֱգڵͫ㱣ҲΪ졣
ú˯һʣµһжҡ
ĻûͷûԣȴǿƵ뽪µĶУأҲˡ
⻰²֪ôӣŵӣֻԼһ̾ҪԷ
ҺõûʲôԷɿ˿סֻ֣תΪ˳š
ˣ²ҵ󣬸˽ȥ
Ӧһͽү뿪ˡ
վڳ⣬ϡеķҹɫ۶Ŀͬǣү
˵գűԥعϡ
ɽȴǿ˶ԷڳŹǰ΢΢ǡ
ͺȢomegaһ˸˵һ
һǿˡ
ڱϣԱرۣԸٶ롣

ѾҹԺȴá
ϾǽүĻ񣬿ɽȴһ㶼ں
Ҽͷβ¶棬ڽҵģֻнȡ
һΪڹһֱ죿
ȶڿŵ٩
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ɫ΢䣬û뵽㣬Ȼߵ
ˣǺǡ
Цһ˿
ǰ˭㣿еģ£ҾôѪ
˵ʲôȣ뿪ӦǸŶԡ
²Էȥһ̽ȵִ
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ų˿žͶģ㣬¡
ǰңһֱѹŵ
ҧ˸аЦ˵꣬͸ܵܵЩ
Ϊԭ򣬱omegaѹô꣬ǽЩһֱĺޡ
ȵɫÿ˵ҰףڽΪԷʲôʱȴֻͻȻԷɿǯ֡
ǺǡȷʵǶֻǽҵūˡ
Ⱥ˼ûٺͽ¾ת뿪ˡ
£ҿļֵɡ
ڰд
Էˣ¾ͺʧһ͵ص˵ϡ
ԭȱŵǹ֧ڵϷ죬½ͷ¥ݷ֣ᴭ˿
罪˵ҲǱҹɵūˣļֵֻôһ·ˡ
׿ֱߵǹûʸȥ˼ˡ
ҡ
³źڰ˵һ䣬ܿ죬Ҿˡ


19

ϣϲܹǽõ¡
ΪҢǿalpha롣飬עһҪĴ¡
ֻжףж˵ſЦͲΪ֪ˡ
ү𣿡
⴫ƽԼС
ΪСչŽүˣ׽¶ⳡʵûжôˡ
Ⱳӣƺûйү˵¡
ڽ£ʵǰѶԷԼġ
֪ӴСĲףԳ𣬾Ϊ˵ԵʲܴԼֻǸomegaʵʹСֻѶԷһܼ̳
Լжһֱġ
Ҳû뵽үȻűگǿȹȢ¡
ŷ롣ϲŭ޳ϲƣɱϣЩ쿴ȴĪү޸alphaȥƺǻ¡
˼߰ķȥǰͻȻ򿪣͵̧ͷ˴߳omega
omegaĳϸµرһֻƺסϴŽұҵƷڵĻɫ壬֮뼸ֽɫҫۣҶһֻԲ׹
ЩǽҰʱŻᴩģڷ𣬶׹ǰŽһ£Ž˵ǡ
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ľԼӶ˰ɡ
۽Թ𣬽ԳһЦ
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¿óϵĵģƽذһ¶ԷЦһЦɣ壬ҽ鰥
Լĵ׸˹ȴôҪˡ
£Ȼαһһ߸峯Žſȥ
β̵·ϣȴ嵽˶һ˵ܴǿף͹ϲ
һǰȥҴſڣȻͣһŻרҵı־λεعڳϱߣÿԶʻеһ
ǰվһŵ³ˣһͬŽ¾һȻ֮ǰһֱڹԵλ̬ȹ˳ظ˳š
ү롣
û﹧ŽͬлŻͷֿ˽ҴԺһۣɫ䵭ջĿ⣬˳
Ϊµˣֻںĳһͬǰׯ԰
˵ʵΪҢҵĹǵ͵ͼªˣһЩ̸д鶼ʢ
ͺһͨ˳һ
үö롣
ͻȻ˽µ˼ɻؿԷԷһ߿һͬڣ
˾Ӧòϲ̫ʢƣ˵ó֡
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Ҳȷʵϲ̫ڳֵĻ˵ʵûⳡԽܡ
ǰû˵
µһЦ˶鷳£ˡ
û뵽뵽ЩܶԷʲôһЩ
鳵ׯ԰ʻȥ͵򵥣ǻ鳵ϻҵıǣ·¶ֻãֻһǡú͹һͨˡ

鳵ջǵׯ԰ſڡ
Ȼ鳵ͣȣ¸ܵű򿪣ѾĨϤζ
ֱָ˼£Լûôˣתͷ⿴ȥ
˾վڳ⣬˫ۺЦؿԷɫ˿ףϿ߼£ߵĸŽɫŦۣҰ׵ĳڲֱۣǰŷҼİ׸ͼĻ¡
׵ķȥ¶ų˧ȴִŶûеء
統¿ԷĵһۣףԼ䲻ǰalpha
̫΢̫ͼϷˣⱲӶܺǰalphaн
Ŀ˳ϣӡУƺ֣Ҳδܾ
һҲһ
ὫַڵϣŶԷ¶ȺĪɢ˼ĵ
ɫomegaԳһ¶΢΢ϵԴ𣬾ϸûһ鷢ƵĶ׹ĵöԷ˷ֿĻҲŶԷеׯϺء
omega³΢΢̧ۣǰˣ¶һĨ׳ٵЦ
ڹ˵ĵ۴˿̲İ룬һ˿ֺã֪ԷΪҪ¶⸱飬ȴԼ˽ȥ
ˣÿ
omega˵ƽδ˵ĻȴԵḡ
ݸһЦǣǰֽԷ򴦵ۺ۸ƽ
үܽ𣿡
Էܶ죬¼ǵöԷ֮ǰҲʹ⡣
ֻأûپܾҲûپܾˡ
Ȼ

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Ϣ¾ȻϻطֿûټĿ˹͡
˹͡ģ֮ǰԣе㵨սľζߡ
Žûʲôˣ˹͡Լʹ˹
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кͶԷ˸к
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ҲǿˣϵشչȥԷҪʲô
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Ժ󱻹ȥûʲôɣ
źۼüʵǺ׶Է˵˼
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ջش꣬ſ˹͡ģ²ɵþЩЦ
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ǣҺģ¡
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Ȼ⣬ȴҲĵػش˿˹͡
Ҽ޸˭Ǽޣ޸õĽˡ
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˹͡
˶Էһ
ӣ˵Щǲǲ̫á
⻰ƫȴ˹͡һӾˡ
ȷʵΪ̫Ŷ崻ˣӣȻںͽ˵Щ
ǽԸ⣬ԼⱲӶûҢȥ
İɣ˹͡ոЩҿԵʲôû
̾˿ûҪԿ˹͡ʲôͷ˹͡˵ЩҲ޷Ϊá
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µͳѹ֣ȴҲ񵱳ǰԥ
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İɣ۷ʲôҶԣõĽˡ
˹͡ǰˮһomegaƽͬ˵
뿪ȰȰԷȴ֪ΪΣԷЩҲ²һˡ


20

µĻʢȻҵģڲûϣȴ˽ľɷڽҵӡǱ˻ĸ䣬ʹһ۾֪˭
ֲײƣǻ˵ԸʦǾԲƳġ
ıͲ࣬ĻҲ˭ģҺ;ŵĿˣ̸мλɵѡ
·֮һ
Ļִ£·ܴҲû뵽ΪҢƶˣȻԹشֳϡ
µĻһȥѰȴ뻹δѰطȴֱֱײһϤӰ
̧ۿŶԷź·üǺɵӣɶԷȻûᵽ˼ɵЦһ£嵽ǰ˸к
Ҳ
˳ģһɵ·Էȴû뵽һۿ˶ԷŮˡ
Ů˵ʳϴŽʽĴ磬ŽŮ˶Ķ̷ȥʮͣüǰɵЦŵĽ塣
Ÿܵ·Ŀ⣬Ů̧ۿ·лִȻ󿪿غһ
壡
Ů˵ӶһһѵһֻصŮԣ̧ίغ˶Էһ衭
ԲôԼӣûǽĿǰֵ·ϡ
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ոջæ뿪Ŀ˹̾͡˿Ȼһ߻شһ̧ۿеԼһװԳƵǴӷ˿µ˽źһ鷢źȥ౦ʯƷĲͷȴûŮӢؽһ
Ǻ˾̾ƣóߵѪֻ䲻Щ
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վһõĽ彫õ˹ȥ
㶣Եؽӹǣ
Ҹ»
庩һЦ
裬Ŷԣף»֡
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ûе򿪣ǽһԣȸ
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岻˼ػصҪ˵һalphaվomegaмʵЩˡ
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ʱԼĹùã»ͦԷġ
ȥˣĶЩ˵ҪȥЩ
Ҳȷʵǽ¹ùõӣ˵ʵͽȵԸģֻǲ֪ΪΣȽûõomega
ҲԼȥĸ׵ԭ
ҡҡͷӵ˼ų⣬һֻ̣·Ƶص˾䣺
ôһ˵ҵˣǱߺ˲ˣЩˡ
ʲô˼
²źۼüЩ⡣
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ԼѾɻҡҡͷ·һԴֲԼŹȢ£ԭǶҢʱһ㶼
˾Ҳǰ¹˹ؼμĶĪ¹˹أ֮ǰһֱ͹лԼȻΪ㡭Ѿˡ
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Ȼ㲻ú£ֻҪйڣǱӦҲɲʲô
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Щȴǵһ֪
ֻ֪ԼǿƹȢ̸Ǻݶ֪¾ȻôӰ죬Һ;ߵĹϵ
ңеôһ鷳Ϊλ˵ȻǡԹԡ
--------------------
һžˣҪɶԹԣx


21

·ǲ̫ͬãϾߣߵʱ·קŽߵġ
ɵӣˡ
·һŽ峯ſȥʱȴתŽֵϲ
£»֣һҪҸ
úúã֪ˡ
Цó磬ܿ죬ڿĨϤ׳ſںֲԾЦݡ

½˶Էһ
ԷĿֱֱѾɵĽϣ˺һŽջأͷЦһ
ʵֱӽҵ֡

µɲǼ䰵ȥĬձ΢ƺưոݣʯһ͸ӾؿŽ£ֱſ˴
롭
ҵɡ
һ˵һǰһֽһ§סûκεףͷ˽µľ࣬΢ıϢڼϣнЩʡ
ûƿԷ
£Һܸͬҽ顣
֪ΪΣ˿̵Ĺͺһͨһ㣬ûôûô߸ϣ̹ϵͬԼϲãϵĴʶͳģһŵҷ롣Ϊ¶
alpha˵ⱲӶû˸ĳŵ²֪ԼλӦ֪㲻ϷŪҲ֪ԼûӦԷ
Էɱ˶Է
ԣֵŵ
㲻ҪӦҡ
̧ͷ뽪¶ţ͵ҵһԸ
˵գͷڽ¶ӡһǡ
¿ŵԼǰ⸱Сģͺİһ
ϲԾ¶һĨЦЦ²֪ΪξȻ̧ͷֱ˶ԷĴ
ҲϾҪˣһ¶Է
omegaδalpha֪ԷʲôȴĸԸڶԷ
ݽڣµΧ´
ˣҪʼˡ
⣬õ
شȴһĬ
ڣalphaѾԼomegaѹ˻ױ̨ϣ§ŶԷǲ롣

¸ŶԷһ߾ͱǰalphaԸĨĴ
ҺãalphaǼʱԴڽ¼ϣŽϵϢζ׽˳Ȼֻܵܵһ񾭡
һֱȵ۾ﺧ˵ȥŻ̧ͷȻomega糺
߰ɣ£ҪȢˡ

Ŀ˺ܶ࣬ׯ԰ڵͷѹѹһƬ
ⳡģĻߵıȴҢĴ
²ԼĻᱻЩ˼֤
Եalphaʱ䵹ؼǰͬ˵޸ˣֻᳶ죬ЦԷⲻʵЦ
ЦʵͬԷվһȻûǰΥ͡
ĺܺã׵һ¼ӣƽĴ̫࣬ͬһʽ׽ԷļסβڵСᣬƽׯϳĶ
۵ķɫ·΢
ҫۣãǼ١
ʱţŶׯĻ죬ǰõĴҲƿ¶߻谵ѹֵá
һ߳ӿ̤õһ̱ȲشҪ˺顣
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ʣ񣬿ϧٵĿף
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˫УԷĶĿҫۡ
롣ƶѡʹ࣬С֡Ҹ㶼ԸԽ벻һһ𣿡
ʦׯϵ
alphaӳµӰͳ飺
Ը⡣
ƶѡʹ࣬С֡Ҹ㶼ԸԷ롣벻һһ𣿡
⡣
Ը⡣
̧ۣalphaӣۺЦ˵Ļش
̨Ϊ»ϲ
һ𣬽½طڶԷУŶԷΪϻ䡣
ʽȴţһȦ򵥵Ļƿڽָ棬ɺʽоٳһŵõɫıʯСУڽϸĺʡ
¿ǿűʯʯǿóԷ
֪ΪΣԺ˵˵Ǿ仰
Ѿ׼һţֻڽµıʯ
˵ǻʱʲôɫͲǵˣ˵ȴн¼ǵڡ

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ǰǣͬǵĹһֶ̣ΪǸ֤ߣ֤ǵںδ

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ں߻һűһͬӭ͡
յĹĶ࣬ŽͬǰһλŻ˸
£ܸμҵĻ񡣡
Цŵ˶Է䡣
룬ҪĻҶ̫ڲˡ
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л˹ٰ˵ЦƵĻ⻰䵽˶УֻҪǸ˱ܿڰµűگȥѰ¡
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û˻ϲսԼȨ
˵Цˡ
ܱܵԻ۹ǿǰζ²δţɫɹɡ
ϵˡ
ͻǸᱻȺĴڡ
˵ȷʵܹԡ
һЦһ̧ӳл˹ٰȥĿûаƫƣֱֱԷ߶ײ
䵽ûκ¶ȵӣ˺µ
Ңǿalpha˵ǼĶ塣
ҵϣһЩ
alphaĻﺬЦҢȴȥЦ⡣
ȷʵ롣
ջһ
ܴƺͶԷλalpha֮ĹϵԱ״
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л¡
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һ£ˡ
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ͱ¡
ŶԷ̵ıӰֱ˼
omega΢ԥģ
ôˣ£
ʶḧһ¶Էͷ
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ӣҧ촽Ƭ̣¶˵Ļлл㡣
Ҫ롣
alphaοڣԶȥ


22

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ΪүŹȢػ˭뵽ոһĻƺʾԼλomegaȨ
һλԼҶΪ֮omegaȻסˡ
Ȼ֪λomegaʲô취˶Լİ˼
Ҳܱܵı仯࣬ɫ͹ɣͺһĸ˵omega
á
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ѭϤͷȥȻԼù
ùá
½˶Էһ
£»֡
˵ͷĿڽ˵ͣ˼룬̧ۿ˽Եλalpha
˭alphaɫ΢ҲЦźһ
ùá
Ȼüͷ⻰һ˲Ͳźۼ
Ҳܹ˭ҢǿalphaһùÿҲͽһ顣
ҵû뵽⺢ɻ顣
أҲûôЩôһӸλalphaҲûԵöôη
Сͺܹԣ۸Ҫܻס޸Ҳһ¡
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شҲǺһһùýеıȽ»ҪС
ⲻѽ¸ˣĽҲһ֣ŽͶɻĿ⡣
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̧ۣЩӵĿ⿴˷롣һȦǺΪɵȴҲûƵɶԷ
ˣס˵ĻС
ջĿ⣬ټͬ˵ֻ߱Ϊ˽¶ѣ
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˵ʲôأⲻӦõ𣿡
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¸Լ˸顣
С·
ᵽ·¶Σ
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ǽԼѵϵףҲûаΡ

죬Լһθ˿϶ȻԴɻ󵫻ת뿪ˡ
뿪ͻȻ˿ڣ
ܺȤ¡
ŵĻϻһ˿⣺
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αװҲα¶ԼĶ̰ɱ˵ľ衣
Һڴߺߵģ
ܽһû˵ʲôʵҲû̫һֱûô⣬ԷƺҲΪԼǿƵĹùöһֱܾн
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Ҳգ̸ˣ£ٴȥˡ
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µͷɵżǰӴĴ
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ˣҲȷʵû뵽ҾȻһμĻ񡣡
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Īү˵Цˡ
Ȼǰλǲ֮ǰδ򣬼㽪²űگƻ£Ҳͬǰλomegaɻ顣
ĪŶԷⲻƫžƱ̧ۿԷһֱĬomegaԷһʼֻǸԼalphaؿǡ
ڵĳƽӾֱֱؿͺڿһ޹صݳ
ƾʲôһʼٸߣƾʲôô䵭
ү
Īĵغ˶Է֣ôһֱ˵ҵˡ
ϵ˶ԷᳯڣϾһʼ˶ԷĻ£οԷ˾ĶӣûðǹͷѾǺܸˡ
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ĪֻԼһȭ޻ϱߣͷûʲôɾ͸У
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ÿüͷ΢΢Īע⵽˵Ŀ⽥ضϣȻſһϷ뷨
ĺϷĪˣƾЩҲ䣿
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˵վͷҲص뿪ˣӰ͸żߣֻǲ֪£ˡ
㶣ΪĪͬú˵һ˵˭϶Էô׵ؾˣҲǲλλ߹ү뷨
̧۳ŵһۣ˭ϵͲںЩ³Ͷ񣬵ο̧Էͷ
û£ѾܰˣΣЩһͬĪүǸ
Ҫ
ҡҡͷʱˣǶĪ¹˹õĵǸ
ŽӣֲۣԾ۶Էķ˿ͬһ˰֡
£ȥǸɡ
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ǡ
İɡ
ƽͣ꣬ʲô£Ҷ㡣
Ҳ⡣


23

»ҹȵġ
û뵽͵εһ
ټķڣ㶵ɳϣ֪ԼӦʲô
Եͷ̧ԷӶңֻܶŵϵĵ̺
ܸܵõ˵ĿһֱͣԼϣƮƮģɴalphaеԡ
֪˶ã˴Ц̾һƺЩΣȻǶԷ
ȥϴɡ
С
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ںʲô
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ôᡭôˡ
þȫǰǹӻֻľһȴҲûֻľвˡ
ڵϣֻһɢ°ͿʼԾĨʼֱӾͳζ
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Ҫ
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̵ļԷһ岻Ծسȥ޴ӡ
££ҡ
ᣬŵǰµomegaԼ˼άҲΪomegaϢضЩٶۣף˺ǰomega
omegaķԽԽС˵ûֿСؽomegaסУ˵ŨܽͷųԼϢأŵеomega
һḧԷļĶԳƵǺǻ
ԺܵĵڰԼɶԷļȴ̣ǹĸⲻҪζȴ̲סҪŶԷȥ
ĴԺ壬޷ƣҲһǡ

˵ɫ룬۽죬ժƽ¶ǸΪϤģ
һ統չŶԷµһţomegaĻС
漴㿪ʼΪںüķ
ûκαǣǻڡ
룬֪ʱͲʸ񣬾ǣҲֻܳΪԷ۵㡣
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ͷ˶Է䣬һ㳯ƶĦԷգȥԷ۾ӨŵˮȻס˶ԷĴ
ǳֹԷ̱ݺݿ۽ԼУ˵Ƕ֮һɢ
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omegaε˵ĻУ۽ҹۣԵ
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¡
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ڴϵomegaģ񾲣۾۶ȫӰУ˼
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ϱӵ붼ġ
ĿͻȻ˲ԶĽļѣóǴ˷ĺۼ
ߵǣһ۾Ϳֻڷ϶ľС
ʰԥؾʹ˶Էһ룬һѸʸеǹ֧¶˿֮УԱ߻һµذס
֮еĶȷԼomegaԸġ
üоϼֳ
ָĦһǹȻؽǹĵϻ򿪣ȡͷļö˵ӵű㽫ǹ˻ȥľзŻԭλ
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--------------------
ˣҾѾˣˣûʲôɾ


24

ƶȵ⣬н·ֲûʵ
Ҳ֪ʲô˳һƯƶϣҲղʲôֻ
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֫޷ֻԼ޷ʲôŬɻҲûһֻ˻ȥ
˺üΣֱԼһůĻ֮УºͣҲýļһѡ
͵ۣ٣һ̣һͬͻӳëĽëֻһߣԷƽĺĴĶС

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ᣬŸ˯ѵ
ŶԷ޷ģǲ⣬ԼܰĵڶԷԣɶԷȴܻ˯
ҿڣֻܰڶԷ
Ժҹļ佥ϡǵԼͻȻˣǵ
ʱ
¼ǵöԷľٶǰalphaָʵϣڵĹϵԷȫԳױ
ΪǸomegaԲԸ
³벻ɡ
˯𣿡
ǰʶµĿһֱǻͻȻ¶Σͷڽ¶һǡ
š
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alphaŽµһ̾˿˵
˯žͱ˯ˣùܼ׼͡
˵ձ̧ҡҡߵ´³иȡ¾Ӽҷ
о
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Щ⣬ȷʵ
У㷢ڻûȥʱڼҺúϢ
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alphaĻн¸֪λӦֻܵͷϣԷҪ˵ˡ
ԷҲٿڣƺΣǾֱ߳˷š
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¸æ˹ȥ˴ͷľӼҷȻŤͷ첽ԡңӰмĶӵζ
ԡҵűϣһӾͱ˸ֱڵ³ϣ۾˼ջû߹ȥ鿴ǽѾʧ˵ĶȷԼĲ󷴵һ
Ƭ̣ƺǾЩȤоĨЦ
£ҵҪô찡
޿κ

ȽºòԡȶҴϴ˸ʱѾ˴̨ˡ
ΪǺϵͲãһӳڶԷɢķңŵ۽Ҳ΢΢˵ࡣƺע⵽ԷתͷȻݸһЦ
緹ɡ
˲ع㶵Ӧ£˹ȥ˶Էߡ
£һ̧۱㿴˶ԷָԼ̺ӡ
Լ⸱չ˵ӣ²ɵóĨЦ˼Цζ
ȻomegaҲû
Էһɣ岻ãҪעġ
˵߸ʢ࣬໹ðζ¾֪Լϲġ
ʦǸĿζġ
˵˵ѾΪоü²˵ˡ
ʦǷˡ
⻰Ҳ֪Ǽ٣ʵЩ⣬˵ͷغ࣬ζ㣬ѵһļȡ
˾ȹһõ峿
һ˵󶼻ȽæµɽȴѾǰ
ȻΪƺ࣬ŽҲʡ˽ܱ˵ĻԼ˵ˣΪүɽȴһ㣬Ҳûʲôȥ
Ȼ塣
ڽӵׯ԰ְҲǺ͵˵ģΪܾϾ˶Ͻû뵽˵Էͷ˱ķְλ
Ժʲôֱȥˡ
һ߽һ˵Ҳˡ
ҡ
ҵ
alphaɫؾĴ

̾˿ֻǲǺϰߡ
ŻĽӲԵ۶Էķ˿
ǲ̫ˣ̸Ǿٰ˳ᣬҴһͬȥ
ᡭ
ްش󳡺϶ÿȨԵ壬ȥܻ°ѱ
á
ұȥ׼һ¡
Цһɵ˺󾱴ʱɫ
ܵ󾱼ͻȻĦеز˲
ڣֻΪһƷѡ


25

Ң̸ٰᣬһ͵ϲȨĳ
ǰЩ꣬Ľ̸ĹϵãʷƾãϾɣ̸Ʋ𽪼ң̸ҪĽңȥҢļĻ
Ҳˣ̸֮˵˭ҲƲ˭ҲδμӹЩ̸ٰĻ
һأҲǽŵӣ̤Ң̸
һķ̶ȼƶȫȫģ²ǵһÿҪ̲סٸпһ
ǹϻķô̸ǵ͵ݻߵֳֻ벻û
ǵǮ㲻ʲô
á
̤ǰټ֮ǰ̴ӹس彪Ǿ˸
̧ۿһۣԷҲȻ֪˭еӶһĿԵalphaϣԷϻǴЩɵҲֻܹغһ
ү
ǰ뺯ȥԷӹ뺯־һ󽫵ͬӭ˽ȥ
̸ǵĳҫۣ¿Žǰŵ񣬴ִ߲һֻˮţˮţ͸žͷա
ǿžͽ˾Ϣ
ƺǲ˽µĽţɫĿ˿Եomega˵
ˣҪǲϲǾͻȥ
¸Ͻҡҡͷ
ֻǲϰ߶ѡ
ú£һֱڡ
ǰο˽һ䡣
²⣬ȥѲľֵСomega
˵Щνalphaϲһ͵ģ
ͻȻ¶һĨмЦŵһͬǰⶰɭĽ֮С
ߵĹ첢ƽѭ浸أʦȻʮֵĴ´󵨣߿ǼΪԻ͵Ľ һǵģȻһǰµĻ谵Ƴ̨ס
̴վǰһȥ
¥ŵ̺ɿеǹɴ̱ǵ޹ζȴнЩʣϱߣܱ߳ɰǧ۾ڿĸо
谵̱ǣһӷصСʱ򱻹ؽʱãҲѹֵķΧô
²ʶԼѾʼ΢΢ҲѾϸ
ѹֿ־壬ڵĻȴһһطӿļ䡣
ܿ죬һƬů֮Уһ㶣͵ػع˴ŵǵĻ
£û°ɡ
ʶԼոˡ
ûû£Ƿˡ
µȻܺͶԷ˵Լ뵽ǰֻһӶ
Һõδ׷ʡǰҲܿ⡣
ⳡڵ½еǺޱؽȫչǰ
ǰһ̻Ի͵Ĵ岼óԲ״ϯΧмԲ̨һȦȦĳɢ
ǽʱѾͣܿ죬ǵ߾ͷ׷׻˽ϡ
û⣬ܸܵЩĶ⡣
ЩûһܺЩ̸ƽ

̴ؽǴǵλϡ
ϯǰˣֻԼĺ󱳻ģ·Ҫ˶һ
¾ЩȤЩ˶ۿɼܶô
ǵĳֱضⳡ㣬˭֪ǰʱҢͬү£ߴŵȴڶĴͲɡ
ûⳡҲû˻λalphaλǿomega
ȴǽǴһɫ˿׵ĹһɫĽүһͬⳡϡ
ԲƣҲǽ˲ŵġ
롣ȻĽôһλomega
ôоģ
ʵ
ҶѾˡ
ڨЦһŵһ;ҪˣԭĿģҲ벻ס
£ȻشȷʵǱ˵˽ģұ⻹һ㡣
һֻףְ̧ｪһ鷢
ڣԻٷһ㡣
ʲô˼
²⡣
ֻƣȻֱס֣
ҵż㱾Ҳǽҵļ˾һεң㲻Ҫô
Ҿ͵ڰοˡ
Ȼԡ
ȫȻܡ
ͷֿ̧ԵalphaۣͻȻһЩ˹
ðҾ
omegaԸֵЦ⣬˶٣ջջĿ⡣
omegaֻȴԾսࡣ
Ὺʼĺܿ죬ҲͽĴֲǺܸȤֻǿһƷһƷ
Ҳ֪˶ãгϢʱ򣬵
£ûʲôϵ𣿡
ûУҶЩûʲôȤ
¶Щȷȷʵʵޡ
°볡һɡ
ͻȻ˵

Լˣ»գգۣȻɻ
һƷ
ĵظһ顣
𣿡
 ͷǽϢ
ֻҪӾˣٵûٺ
alphaʹԣ
𣿡
¿ŶԷǶӣ˲Ҫݽȥһ
֪ˡ
ҵŤͷ¸æڣ
ȥϴּ䡣
á
ӦȻ˻̴ӣ
үҪȥϴּ䡣
ǣү롣
̴˸ƣŶԷ뿪λӡ
ϴּ֮·ȷʵЩƣֲõ̴Ӵ
ϴּϴָҪ뿪ȴû뵽һ˺ס
ү
˳ͷȥһװĳ࿡ʵˣɫ̷һƶ˫ۺЦؿ
ûмˡ
ǣ
үҽˡ
ǰһ߳Žֱ߿ڲԼݣ
죬ĵҡ
ңá
ҲòͬԷ֣ûٿڣֻǰؿŶԷȶԷٿڡ
Һʶһˣû뵽컹ôһᡣ
죬׿Ž£лһζ
үȻʹһƯ
ɽ⻰ȴü
ҴкֻΪ˵ƯĻΪǺܲòΪ
ԲΪҵǸ
ȻΪԼ˵ΣΪĴ󷽵ǸһӾת˽ϡ
û¡
үԭ˵ĻԸԸһϵʽأ
Ȼʱʱ̶̿ЦţȴĪöԷЦݺŵαۿ°볡ҪʼˣԼԺӦҲͶԷϵĻ
ԡ
»ǴӦԼ˽˺˶Է
ллүҡ
ҲûΪѽ£һʿģ
Ҵүشɡ

û˵ڣѾֱǰ·ˡ
û취ֻøŶԷ˳ȥ
--------------------
ȫ棺Ǻܶ


26

һֱͻλϣԷȻҲⲻ˺͵к
ˣþò
Լomegaôһalpha˻
ţþò졣
ͳЦڽкʶ˺֮ǰʶ
һû뵽⣬ҪпһҪͷ˺úòι۲ιۡ
˵󷽣ңЩ̸ȥûʲôӡ
»ذɣҽֻǴһ
ܾĺܸɴ࣬˵ˣ쵹Ҳû˵Щģ°볡ۿҲҪʼˣҲֻһ뿪ˡ
뿪ӰŤͷ۵֪ǲĴƺǸ˼ˡ
ôˣ
ܵomegaԴɻ񣬵е˼ЦԷʵ
侲ջĿ⣺
ֻǾùϲոǸˡ
ϲͲϲҶԶǺҪ
˫ֽϣ΢΢һЦ
ֻҪҪĶͻǸⶫҲˡ
ͻˣʲôó𣿡
³ĬƬ̣ͻȻĳôһ⣬Ҳ棬Щ䡣
϶µؿŽںͷָ⶯˶ֻǿ˿ڣ
Ȼʲô
õ˿϶Ļش𣬽ͻȻҧҧǲҲΪǸͻ˵棬űɱġ
һôӰ쵽Ң棿
ͻȻǸƺûô򵥡
Ǹʲô֪
һԱ뷨ں˼дʲôЩɱ˵ˣ
ƾڵʵʲôʸȥ֮ˣ
ͷ߰ģȴͻȻ˵
£һƷ
ŵĻǽע·м̨ϡ
һƷձ£һƷ̨ϡ
һö롣
ɤҲʼƷ
öҢǰɯ壬öѩ״ֹ죬ɯഫϱǶʯмѩһνӣءļ20Ңҡ
˵Ļһ̨±Ⱦơ
30ţ32򡣡
19ţ44򡣡
57ţ56򡣡

ⳡǮ˲٣öȤȻҲ
һӱþѹ
Ͼǵġ
³һҲơ
18ţ128򡣡
ƺΪµһξƵԵʣһӻ۵ϣҲ֪ǲǽԼĴԴԺ󣬾ƺ࣬Ҳ˻ھƾ
30ţ140򡣡
56ţ152򡣡

ֻԼһֱھƣޱ飬üͷȴǱ¶Ľš
ܿͻ1000򣬶ͽһͬҲֻܿˡ
ûлͷҲ֪Щ˶˭ľǲͣƣȻֵ
˭óλomegaʲôΪͷ֣Ҳе񽪼ҵĻںͽġ
ƺû뵽ܼôã˭Ҳ֪֮ôΪ뷨
»еؾƣЩĿ⡣
£ӡ
ʶomegaԽŵ󣬵ָڶԷһֱֵֻϣĹƻԣ
Ҫ£ڡ
ûк¡
֪ΪΣͺһӺԼ˾ƽһһҪµĳ嶯֪ˣĻΪһ١
¾Ƶģ࣬һԵalphaҲٿ̨ϣԼomegaŬģ
ƽյĽ£ʲôͽϾɴ˿̣ƯȴһĨԷƽûеľǿԡ
ƽʱͶԷ˵㱾ڸߴֺԼĹâ
¶Լ
ͷβɢŽ˾ηҫ۵Ĺâ
18ţ1820һΣ1820Ρ1820Σɽ
ƶ߰ĻǻعʶԼӮ˺Ƭ̣űǲۡ
㻹ǡ1820һö룿
ԭ뽫һйԼ嶯ѵĽͻȻԱһЦãתͷԷ˭һ̣̽ͷ˵עһĶ䡣
£Ȼûʧ
Цڽ¶߿佱
1820ö롭ǣЩǮˡ
·ŶһãȻε̾˿
ЩǮҪǷͨϣָܰȵĹüӡ
𣬱Ͼҽġ
οԼomega
ңһеԶļֵ֮ϡ
ֻ֪ǶԷοĻɶԷ˵ʵ̫ˣǶտӣʹý¸ûҲֻܹԹԵص˵ͷ
û뵽ô˵
֮ʵиģȻŽ
Ϊǹ뿪ҲһЩǰк̸壬һ§Ž£ɫؿЩˡ
ˣû뵽
ǰһͷ𷢣ɫͫʹöԷŲ̸ңע⵽˽µĿ⣬ԷҲǳŽòĵ˵ͷ
ˣá
á
²ʶԷֻܳòػӦ
֪ܿԷݡ
ӵ¡
Էţȴδ񣬿ɼҵĵλ֮ߡ
ӡ˹˹أ
˵ԷֻŶԷˣɺ̸֮ĹϵȴܺãҲֲöԷ
Ҫ̸֪Ңһ΢ĴڣҶǿ̸ģ̸ֿźͽңֵһ
ոպͷ˿ͬһƷȺͷ˵Ǹ
˹Ȼ˵ʵҲʲôʲôǸ⣬Ҳ֪ԭոһֱںԼ˾Ȼ
û£Ҫлһµ
ҲȻɵȻܶԷǸ⣬ԼոմӶԷôãˣⲻҲڴԷ
Ҳ㣬˻Ҫöɯ룬һû뵽ġ
˹ǲһ
ϾɯģҪСһ㡣
˵գԷ뿪ˣҲΪ˵Щк
Ϊ˸е֣ʲôɯֺʲôϵ
²⣬ֲʵǱֻܵǶԷϹ˵һٶա
ȥ;нЩˣҲǰޱȣȻǿڵļͷ˯ˡ
ſԼͷ۾omegaɵģ
ãȦ
ѹɤ˵
--------------------
¼ӣҶһǧԼģbushi


27

ں͵һʱ·ʵԷҪæܶ࣬ܿԷ鷿һ˴ֻǺͳֱŻ
˵ʵԷôæڽ¶Ǽ¡
Ҫķ̫ྫڶԷϣɱļƻҲ
žͿʼŴ֪ⷢΪΣͻȻҪ˽һйڵΪҪɱǸԭ
ΪҢĹλ֮߸ҪͬһȥǸʲô
µǸɱϢʱǺ𾪵ģû̫ڹעϢʵôһСȥҢûˮֻԼעԷ˲Żһʱ֪Ȼ˽ǻҴᡣ
Ǹ
֪Էʲô
ţͻȻԴڽ¿˵ĳʻׯ԰ڡ
쾹Ȼô硣
¸ϽȻǹ³УΪԼľᣬƻһαá
ŵʱ򣬽¸պ¥£ǰԷȻ󽻸ȥϴûӦ¾͸оԼڶԷʱŵԷ΢ЩŨľζ
Ⱦˣ
˲䷴Ӧ̧ۿԷ
ûʲôƵĺΣѣտ峺ĿתؿƺںĿ

ỽ˶ԷһĪüͷ
£
ź̽
ŶԷֵ¾Ͳ˲ԣûٿڣԷͻȻ̧žȻݺݵһ£³ʹƺһͻȻЦЦ
Ρ
˵ձ㳯ŽǿƵ޷ֿҲκ׼ʱ䣬ֱӾͱԷסˣŶԷļ򣬽ܸܵԷ˿ԼĴ룬֮
ţ˽رԷɳϣһݽȥá
ѹϵalphaǿᣬͦס²ƿԷԭѵĴҲ𽥱ԺԷϵľһʴĴԣ֪Ϊϵ˵ӰڽغǸغϡ
İϤ
ζ
µ۾˲ģ˿̰ΧԵĲĨһŨҴ̼ĸζ
ôܽ˻Ϊһ̸
Ѱһ϶·ؿڣ
ˡ
Alpha˶٣̧ͷ
ʲô
ʲô
Է⽫ʵ⧲̧ۿԷɻ
ô
ɫ¶ֻһ˲£ǰԼµomegaΪԼĶ͸Щ糺Եøӹˡ
Ǹ¡
һͷһ
еˡ
ܵһᣬ˿Ҳŵ΢΢ü˼Ƭ̻ǰҪһѶԷָԷȻ㿪Ĵ
µεͣڰУ˶Էһǽ˻ȻƲͷ
£Բ𡣡
ŴƺЩ尾
ȥϴ裬Ҫȳɡ
˵գת¥ȥֻ˽һվ¥ɻ
ǴûôĪһؽн¶Щˡ
룬ͻȻ뵽ʲôתʼ첽ȥߵ⣬ѰһȦҵҵˡ
á
³˺һεܺãܿתͷ˭ڽɫһӾ͹첽Žһ
ˡ
㻹ǽҽүɡ
ûסǿھһ¶Է
ǣү
úֽ˽һ
ãڹԴˣ
룬ǽͷʵ˳ֻ˵㵱ˣ
ЩɻΪʲôҪ⣬ʵشԷ
ؽүҵѾʮˣڹԷ̽ǵꡣ
Ҳܾˡ
૵һ䣬̧ͷʵ
֪֪ûʲôɻ䣿

Žʵ˺һϸһ˿ǡ
¿˶Էĳɣæֲһ䣺
Ҿ˽˽⣬ҲףҺ͹ദʱҲŶ̶¡
Ļǽүصģļɻ٣Ҿ˼ɻ䣬ÿҲΪ
΢΢һЦϵɢȥ
𣿿ô˵ǰΪһðɱ
ǽʵĻ˳û뵽˵õıЩԾƺû뵽»ͻȻд˼־裺
үô˵
Ҳ˵ģЩ档
¿ص
үЩΪãһҹܼҹһЩˣҪ»ؾ͵Ϸ
ȻϹ˵ģȻǵ棬˺ܶ࣬Է˵꣬±ѯʵ죬Էʲô
֪ˣЩ͹˵Ҳ֪ҸսЩǡ
˵˵Լ಻ȥˣǣ˽ʲô
õĽү
õ˵ͷ
ˣȥ֪ͨһºȥѾһ
˵Щ¸Ͻת
ȻûһɳϣŸոõķӦɱǸûʲô飬ΪʲôõķӦô֡
ΪʲôǸ֮䵽Ƿʲô
֪ԼȫûбҪ׷еֻ࣬ҪΪǸˣΪʲôҪôࣿ
£㵽ʲô
ԼɳͷµһظоãͻȻ˻ǰһ콪ȵĳЦԷ˵ĵҲûһֱôųСһˣҲɳʲô
ôˣ£ֻҪɱ˾ˡ
һںڰãڣڹƻԼһ

¥ʱҲڲϣԷְ̧һ׼õѾ˹ȥ
о𣿺ȵѾ
úܶˣлл㣬¡
ѾһۣǺЦͬµл
û뵽㾹Ȼ
¿ŵѾӣͻȻĬĬĿ˵
ˣϵЦŨ̾һ
ȷʵʲôöЩһؾͺѽˡ
ûƣ»ٺȵˡ
á
ԥĵͷһġ
ͲǸӸλĹ
ˡ
ͻȻʲôҡ˹ܼңжԷȥȡ˼
̽¶Ǻ⣬ֱܼҰǼƷȡĸǰ
ⲻǡö𣿡
ǰġѩ¿ʵ
Ͽòÿ
ʲô˼
Щףû˵ǰٿھ;ֱö룬˽µǰ
͸ѩڵƹ·űĹʣ㽪²ûдװɺʮ䡣
Ȼһܺÿ
һ˵һḧ˽µĦţڵƹ䣬¿͸ԷҲ֪οڣǰ˵̫ǿǽµһμԷ׵ġ
£öˡ

͵һĵһɡ
--------------------
ˣǵõ͵԰


28

׼ɱ˵ʱڽ졣
ǽ˼һ˼ļƻ
ÿȥҪֱŻڼ䣬ׯ԰ڵҲٵģڲ̫עӵ£гʱ׼
֮ǰ֧塣
ϣԼǣˡ
壬˵㶫լȥȡһ°ɡ
һ߽Լе嵥ݸһͬԷ˵岻ܿͰ˳Ȼˣ¿뿪Ӱתȥ˳ȻѰλһֱĿζĳʦ
оʲôأ
ſһʵоƷ亽һ͵̧ͷſڣȴֻһΪİӰվǡ
˭
亽ЩĿڣƽûʲôҪҲû˻λȻ亽ܾԼ
ǽ¡
±Լ֣ԷһӾʹԻת˲죬Ͻǰ˸
ˣôˡ
亽ﶼЩһ뵽ǰ˵ݣ־ͺܺ£תܡ
Ĳˡ
¾ܵԼᣬóǰ˵Ľţ
оƷ𣿡
ǣǵġ亽Ӧ
벻λĹ˵Ҫʲô
ֻԷֳ˼׿оĲˣ
ʲôܲ𣿡
¿ǰĨȻƣ
ҺǺϲ
⡭
亽æǰͣİɷˣҲ㳢ġ
˵⻰亽Ĵ˲ܿʶԼ˵Ĵ󣬱Ϊǰ˻ɵ˺һԷȴֻԵ˵ͷ
ǵʱҳһ
Բ𣬷ˣҡ
亽ͷϴµĻشȴһ㶡
¿һϲɫͻȻ
ѧϰˣԽ𣿡
˵ߵĿġ
亽⻰ոƽȥֽɼ¶ᣬ˵ҪҲܾܾ
İɣҾѧһ򵥵ģƽϲʲô
ôһλСʦҲ̫ΪԷ
𣿡
⻰亽ЩΪѣ
ûй̶ϲĲƷ涨˵ġ
ɫԥ亽룬ǲһ䡣
ǵõֻǸݷ˵ϲоƷҪ֤һܲ
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ԡ亽϶˽µʡ
亽Ļֻ˵ͬйسоϲĲƷĻ
㵽ʲô
Ҹеɻ󣬽»ǴԼļƻ
һ򵥵İɡָ̧סԼĴһ
Ҫκ˵֮ܡ
Omega;µеĹƻ亽ŶԷ鲻Խ͵˵ͷ
ллá
һһ߳ŶԷлڴбõƿ֪ΪĪĹ
ýš
³ϵ

ڻׯ԰ĳϣһڱһ߳ʵ
˽ڼʲô
ˡ
˸㱨Ļԥһ£˽ڼȥ˳ƺѧˡ
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Ȥ
ã˹һε
Ƿ𣿡
ûС
Ȧɡ
˸䣬űʻȥ

صׯ԰սݾͿѾڼеȺʱomegaҲ֪ǲǻû裬һ̣ϻһԵľţܿͱ˹ȥ
ǸˡŶԷ첽ȥ
Ⱥܾ˰ɡ
ûкܾá
½ԼһСеֵָ˲أalphaڽ²صһ̾Ϳˡ
һ˿ãalphaδ¶ûȥomega֣Ƿͷ
˼»һ㡣
ϵǸ⣬ֻͷһͷƲûٿ
Էɡ

á
޷ģý²ɵü
ڲԣһĲȣ½ŵָͷ´ܣڿԼֽŵֻӱʱֻԼҪֹͣˡ
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ǵȴѾ˿꣬Է˿ûʶʲôƽһ΢ЦŸʢ
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һͷ˸һӡ
²ŵĿڿлŵֽŵ̲
µͫ͵С
ţȻ
Щȣ
ҵǺܾûڲϿˡ
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ԣġ
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ǰalpha⣬֮ɫϸ֣Щζ
Ͼ˵СȤ

--------------------
ã·ҵ졣


29

ƻգн²ܡ
ΪҢǿalphaڲѶԷŵ¶ɱԷ㽪нȸרſalphaǹ֪ȫе֮ƷҲǽ²϶ֵԭ
뵽ϣֻԼһͷ۵⡣
͵ѾˣȻѾϴ϶ҲǳˣһֱûжǼֲ¡
ڽȷʵҲûжչֹ̫֮ǰ·ԷҲʱǶѡ
뵽⣬ֻҳһԷǸomegaɡ
Ѫͳ͵ȼһ򿴵úأϾҢһֱֻΪʵomegaalpha
ǶһͨҲӣǱگԭǾԲôһomega޽ҵġ
˼䣬ԡҵű򿪣alphażԡ۾˳Ȼһ۾ͿɳϷomega
ʲô
ߵȻ¶Ȼؽ§˻Ҳϴ裬ϵζͬһޣźеµͷЩʪڼ˶ԵɵԷǵһֻצСèʱ׼ȡԼ
أ֪Էڵ뷨ȴװʲô֪ӴڶԷߡ
ûʲô
˳ӵڵĻŶԷɢ˵ʵݽʱ۲죬Ը˵Ǻõף˵ˣ٣ʱŵЦһ޺ģн¿͸Էʵ뷨
ΪԼǿŶԷԼ飬Է㲻Ҳ׽ùû뵽Էʲôû̬Ҳûת䡣
Ϊʲôڽͷ֤ԼƽͣɶԷȴˣѲɶԷԵ±Թ
ºܲ⡣
Ϊ§ŵԭ򣬽¸ܵĵԷһֻڰŪԼķң
ûоòʣѾϰ˵§ԷƺҲϲԼɿģ̥´һµһʪ妵ǣȻڽ¶˵
ȥͷɣ˯ɡ
ɫ΢죬Ӧ
Ž¹ģ䡣
£֪࣬Ըһ

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ԼүһģҲⲻǸ취ȻŹԼүͦģү⸱ӣ룬Ȼŵȥ˵
ʱϸһĨ죬ܿʧĻԼܽһ
˼·̫ˣ÷˳ȥǲǲ
ǡ
˵ͷ
Ҳүׯ԰ﲢûʲô
ˡ
ӦãŶԷ˵
ҼǵҺܾ֮ǰԤԼ˰¹˹ؼļ棬Ǳ߻ûлظ𣿡
شˣûС
ʵ˵
𣿡
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ȥһ˰ɣš
˲˵˼ӦһҲȥˡ
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ҵϣʱʱ̴̿ߡ
׼ĺܿ죬ϢʱǾȣϾǵ˵ģҲֻܷŶԷĻͬԷһǰš
ûʶԷȥŵԭ򣬿ɵȻ˽µɻп˿ڣ
˾ǰ¹˹صļ֮ǰ˵ģΣһԴȥǸ
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һûȥš
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AlphaĻнЩ֪λش𣬶Էƺ˼
̧ۿԷԷƺһֱڿտֱͫӳӰֺۣϣȴֻ˵һ֣
á
AlphaǵЦӿһĨϲཪµͷ
omegaôܷ⡣
ĳſڣŵ˲ʶ˭ˣǻ𼱻ǵı˾
¿Щʿ¶ĻţʶûͶԷͨһˡ
ôֱǲǲ̫ã
ЦŻش𣺡ûʲôõģǸģֲʲôġ

У˵ʲôʲôɡ
±졣
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ŵĲɭֲʿһŵ߶ӿϢصζ¾ЩʣȷһԼŷġ
ɻûʶãζͻȻתˣᵽϤǹζ̧ͷվԼǰˣԷȻͷԼϢء
alphaܿƲסԼϢ⣬һalphaͷԼϢأµȻǹġ
ͷԼϢѹ˶ͷųϢء
ΪalphaϢ׾ͽζѹȥΪʱǹԭ򣬽¶ԵϢزų⣬ڶԷϢصİ£µĲʽȥ
˳ֽ˹ȥԼһߡ
һľ档
־£ԭбԵϢرͶҲûôơ
¾һ·ڵڻߵ˾ŵĻҡ
ŵ˾ᡣ¹˹ѾߵȺˡ
ԷһalphaͶ䶼ž˾еϣԷòͬ˸뽪
ͻȻ⣬ʲôҪ𣿡
Է˵ʱûʲôвƺһ㲻
⵹ҲǣϾǰλǰ׼Ůڱ⸱εĹϵҲ˶˸˼һⲻһǹĳȥѾǲˡ
¹˹أþò
еȥȴһ㶼ҪĵǸӡ
Ȼ˾⻰ֱһ
㾹Ȼ
²ԷĿƮƮϣƬֻ̣Է˵
Ȣķˣ


30

Ȣķˣ
˾ٿŽµŴڽ£ӡֻÿҢԷ̨Ǻܼǵס
Ҳû뵽Լᱻַʽס֡
ã˾ˡ
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ãˡ
ᡣ¹˹غ͵ԭ꽻Ἣ͵ŰöԷԼĶӹ˸Լȥ˭뵽ΪϲϼϲľȴԼݺݴ
¿óԷԼĲЦһ£ͷŵһۣԷ˵Ǹȴֻ豭еغȲ裬ڿԷҲֻǳŽݸһЦһĿ⿴ᡣ¹˹ء
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ҶͬҪƺȣ
ȻѾǵһ֪Լ꽻Ƥ񣬵˿̿С˶Է
ᡣ¹˹üͷǿԼҪŶԷƿڴĳ嶯
ҪֻȾƵģǱǸҺæûȾơ
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Ǹ
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Բ˾ٴˣҺİ¹˹ؼߣʲôҪԾͬᡣ

ǰͻȻ½ᡣ¹˹Ҳˣ֪ͬҢ岻һͻȻһǽһںֻ̧һµԼĺѰ
ȻͿĳλͰһЦʵѾࡣ
ͷˡ
˾ٲҵ飬æǰҪԷ
⣬үҲ̫ˣԭԭ¡
ŶԷͻȻͽԼĵǸ˵Ļ˲ûôֻܴ㶵̧ͷŶԷ
ԭˣ
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ĳλ˾ֻԼҪĳ˵ɱˣɽȻûŷһУ˿ûҪ˼
ûб˾ٴˣҪҪˡ
⻰ֻλ͡
Һãһֺֻܿ˽µĸ첲תͷ˵е
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ʵҺͰ¹˹صĻԼЦѡ
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ǹҸ
˵˳Ҳǲˣ
÷Ī˸ԼʲôèȢҶӣҲʡʡġ

ǰ˵Ļ·˵ʱȫ޴Ϣֱŵȫš
Ҫֱ˵ˣôһʲô
ᵽỹǺϾ˲֪֮ԼǵĽǶȿֻ֪ǽԭڰ¹˹ؼҵĻԼ
¶⣬Ұô꣬Ҳóˡ
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ⲻص㣬صҶӣˡ
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ҿɹܲˣᣬҺͺ˵ˣԼҪһֱŵġ
⻰˻ϼλ¹˹ؼҵүԷȷʵǶԼܴ󣬸οԼҲȷʵĶԷ
һȥͬүǸġ
ûȽῪڣͻȻ˾̧ۿŽᡣ¹˹أᶨ
İɣȷʵҵĲԣһȥͬĪүǸġ
⡭
ὫӽƮ˵ϣûпʲô뷨
ҲҪȥĪǸҪԼĶʲôˣСͱµٳ軵ˣͲǸ˵¡
ҪȥȰȰĪ¾ô˰ɡ
˾̽Եسŵѯʣ˭ϵһԼϱϥһҡҡͷȻͬ˽µ˵
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ῴǰԷֻ̾
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Ϊʲôܣomegaûô
ϵıϵ˵㣬
omega£Σ˵ĪүΪ˾ҲֹܶˣǸĻᡣ
뷨˽µԤϣΪomegaݣȷʵйĲ⣬οǸomegaǽҵĹزͬڱңѾͱȥ˱
У룬Ҫ֪omegaڷڣһ˸ڷڵomegaǺ롣
ɲͬ⣬Լȥðա
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ǡ
µ˵ͷƽھ
⡭Ĳܣ롣
ԼǸomegaôչ˵Ī
ûϵҡ
ü˵ԼĿģ
һԾٵȥտҼҫġ
ֵԾˣֻǽµĻǾԲĵģǵȷ𣬷룿
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Ȼalpha̬

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ȻһöûУһһأʱһᰲһ֧betaɵСӣȻ󽫷ͬĪһͬŽȥ
ᡣ¹˹˵꣬ϵѾЩסˣδԼΪһomegaⱲӾȻлֵطڵ˸Լ֪ж
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omegaûѯʡ


31

ζûԼܽţǰһ춼ܱĵطȻʸȥ
ܸˣ
һԵĵѾΪһ·omegaɵʵ
ºԥصͷ˵
ţܸˡ
Ͳý˾ŻԿࣿ
ᡣ
»ǰǶ˵ĻͺomegaӾûбôˣ
ʵʱ򣬳ԿomegaԶһ
˶omegaĹӡֻalphabetaܺúûȥԱ˵ˣֻҪеΣյĳְҵͻomegaֹ
OmegaΪ˵ĸƷˡ
֪Եġ
AlphaŰһʼ֪ԼȢomegaж㡣
ԷӦñլԺӦ֮޾Ļš
ھţֻҪ⣬ҾͲһС
˫ֽϣƽ
ȻҪӾŵļɣĪ¹˹ǣͿԼıˡ
ţ֪ˡ
ӦȥţЩŵģͺһŲŲͻȻҪȥսһš
ˣ£һ¡
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Ų

Ļ͵̧ͷŶԷԷͷͷ˽µľȺǣ̧û˿ѹȣֻǼ򵥵Ѱ뷨
£ľȥ𣿡
⣬ȷʵǽн³ˡ
ԼͷҪȥǾ͵üǽؼԼͷԵĥԼҲѾıνĹƣһ
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ҪشĻںڣ³˺ü鶼ûгɹ˵Ļش
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ȻomegaԶÿġ
˭ĵףĬĬп

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32

Чʺܸߣûþҵ·λãҲҲȲסˣϽ͵˳Ǵطȥ
õģҽ˲ˣǼҲ͹ݣѾڸֵȥˡ
ڳϣҲھܵذοԼomegaɽ»ǼţͨѶѾжˣ²֪·һomegaڲ͹˶ĵطᷢʲô
ֽؾԼ½ǣüͷ𣬽лޱȣҲomega֪ڹͻȻôĺǰҲйǸ˲ŶɹķڣԷҲûбѾǺܺõĽˡ
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·⣬⽫ΪԷⱲӵجΡ
ҲҺǸطǺԶµǱߵʱҲѾ˾ߡ
º͵Ͻ³ſѯʣǸ͹ȷʵomegaˣѾɢȺڣǸomegaȶǶ׿
ڽȥ֮ǰǸ˵˸ýº𾪵Ϣ
Ǹomegaalphaġ
ʲô
⻰˫˲󣬲˼ؿԷԷ⻰нЩ
ǣomegaϢŵó
Ҳֻʵʵ˵
⻰²ٵ飬ϽŲ͹˽ȥȻϢ𾪣ҪĻҪҵ·
ڲ͹ĶbetaϢزУҲױϢӰ죬½ȥʱҲѾҵ·ڵĵط
·ƽʱôעΪ龹ȻϴּȥʱϴּſڿŵbetaҲͬ˵ߵ
omegaǳȶѾ޷ˣЩbetaȥǷǳ裬޷
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רomegaˡ
ԣomega
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ҪҪ
Ϊ⻰ͣס˽ŲԼҲomega֪Էʱж־壬ԼѹͣԷѹڰ
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ҪҪ
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alphaأģ
⻰·һֻŴûлشµ⡣
İɣûж⣬Ұɡ
·⸱״»ĵͬԷ˵֪·ܵľǴ̼
˽һڽµѭѭ£·˵Ǹ֡
塣
ʲôû塣
ܡ
ݡ
--------------------
ôоû˿أûСɰ


33

²Լһ쾹ȻᱻԼıܸˡ
·ú˺󣬽¼ǵһʱȥϵ˽塣Ȼ󹫾˱ؿƽɵomegaǰضͨѶǱѵ⡣
壡·ô£
沿Ťֹסز·ûϵҲûмʱϹȥ·ᷢôĺ붼롣
µʣҲЩ֧֧ͺ֪Լ˼һ
磬ԲĲǹҪС·
ǹģ
Ц֪֪·ڹˣһǲ֪ôȫҲɵó
Ƕ̫ˡ
׵¼
ҧͨѶͷ̵
˵գ¾ͽͨѶжˣתһ۽ҴŲζĵ
½ˣϽ˵Ц
ˣ
š
Щ΢΢
ߵǰµ˱ˮݸ£ȶԷ΢˳˵
ô룿
֪⻹ÿ·
ҡҡͷ˵廹Щҧгݣ
·Ը⣬ֻƼˣ˺Ȼûб֮ǰܶࡣ
ȷʵ·Ը⣬үԸأ
ͻȻ˸Ȥ⡣
㶣ܿоһ˿
ֻµʱ㲻ԸҲֻԸˡ
ŽӣЦŨ

úܿ죬ǽͬ˵ûþˡ
ڿµһ̣ϴºĺ¡
磬Բҡ
ûʱͣھ͸ҹ
¸ͲķϻϽ·ķǰΪԣܽߵϢظס᲻˵Ϣء
ţϢظպá
˵գȽȥˡ
ս䣬ϢؼŨЩʣһѾȥˡ
·ô
ǰ·𽥿ʼǡ
̫á
·ҡҡͷ£ƼûУ롭
Ӧ֪Ƽ˺Ƿǳġ
ºȻȰһȰԷԷԥĿ϶»ǽ̹ˣ
ߣҪԸ⣬Ҿͽ
˭
֣·͵ۣ
˵
ڵϢ˲Ͳȶ¸æ
û£ģֻҪ㲻Ը⣬ҾͲ
ӡ
·ȻԽ弫ޣ˼ֳŽ¼
£ȥǸ˵˵ӾǷ鷢Ҫ

²֪֮䷢ʲô·ô˵ˣֻضԷѡ
һ£ȥƼ
߳˷š
վĽ忴ӭ
磬С·
Ҫ㡣
̧ۿŶԷ䣬
壬ð·֮䷢ĺ˵뿪
ˡ
µĻίͰ͵Ӧ¡
ҲûٹϽ˸·Ƽ
Ƽûã·ȶ࣬³·Ϣʱֱӽе˿Ѷ
¶ɳϿͰ͵Ľ壬ȻɴЩŭѾȸտʼöˡ
˵ɣǵôһ£
ͷί
죬㲻ǽȥС·С·챻˾ˣҾȥ˸æ
æﵽȥˣȫǣ
һ⽨ҳҧгݵɡ
ǡ
ϽҡҡͷҰС·ˣС·ȥܸˣһ˺ܶƣȻС·̫ˣҾͰ͵˾Ƶ꣬;УڵˣҡҲʧȥˣʱ򣬾Ѿ
ô˵
˽Ļ￪ʼڽнȥ·
OmegaϢػ׽alphaʧȥǡ
С·Һ˵ڽͽҹˣҲܵģϵ
Խ˵ԽСĻɴˡ
·֣Ҳź֣
ֻԼҪһ԰ḧµıýµһ㡣
濴ȥΪȤ͹졣
ˣ£Ͼǵ£·Ը⣬ҿԸҢõҽ
⻰˼ʵڲоֻϴȥˡ
ϴȥǣ·ԻԲ
¿ǰˣֻε̾
Լ֪ܲԺˣ¾ȻΪ˲ģЩϷˡ
--------------------
ϸӸй


34

ˡ
űţ̿Ѿ̨ϴõĽ£Է˫ֽ汧ǰϸüͷƺ˼飬ֱŻع
ȵţ̣
лл
ֽӹ˶ԷݹıӣΪţ̵ԭһù˲ͱůסˣµͷһڣžͰȡů
۽ǺЦؿŽ£ҲûжԽ¹ֻۣվڽµԣһֻȻµ
ܰ
ͻĿ佱нЩ޴롣
ʲô˼
һ㡣
ԼĻһ߸Ż˵һ˵
Ѿúܺˣ»£Եһʱͺ˵һ㡣
ﲻˡ
µͷ϶µؿԶĻ԰䡣
·ͷ˼ЩomegaԷֻһע˽֣˵ĸƷԼԸ⣬ҲһĥԼʹ
ûмʱô·ôĽ붼¡
ѡƼһӵomegaмأ
ǣһᾡҿȥ㡣
Ҳûֱӷϣֲһ䡣
Ž£̧ͷҹǿգǿպƵ˸
ң¡
ĻＫ׺ƭԣʶͷӦ£ȴһ㣬ҡҡͷ˼άѾ̻
Щalphaǲ׵ġ
ȷʵףҪҡ
Ƣã۽˵ʲôһ͵̬ȣΪ˽ŵԭ򣬽¾̡
㣿ʲô˼
ԣҡ
ڽͷЦջؿǿյĿ⣬ʼŽ
ô㣬ǶãУô㡣
˵Щ֡
ǣ˵Ķﻰ
ɲǺ⻳ӣŻͷķʶؽ˱ø
ǰ˵ģϣôһ죬ܺ޻̸
³ĬڵԽԽ
һʼ޵ٵڣܾԼǲ©Щʲô
ʼͷԣٺԼΪĿЦΪ˽Ǽ֣أ£ΪʲôͻȻе̽أ
ֻǸomegaûѡȨҲһ
ˣ˯ɡ
½⳶ֽѾţ̺ȵƿ֣лɱ֮ˣǻȥ֡
ͺѾһִһ
ȵȡ
סȽ»ͷսµͷڽ´һǣ
ǣȥ˯ɡ
Alphaտӿ޵ᣬһ̾Ҫý׹һ㡣
㲻˯𣿡ʡ
ҡҡͷļ
뿴ҹЩ£˯
á
Ӧݡ
ڵĴϣϵЦ⻺ʧһ㴰ôվſߣտὥȥȡ֮ܵõԼḶ֪́ôȥ᲻ôһ죬Ҳ̲ס
ƿ̨Ĵߵ紵ȥϵĹ̡
˵ǲҪ
ߴҹɫеׯ԰alphaɫҲҹɫ
һ㻹᲻ѡأ롣
̧ۿϵǿգͳ˻ƣһƮɢ˷С


ڵ·ڼ䣬һֱܵĶԷ
Һ·岢ûʲô󰭣ڶԷڽʱ򣬽»ͬԷһ̸
ڣ·ɫѾǰúܶˣŽ½ƽʱΪı飬֪ԼҪʲôˡ
Ϊ˷ֹѵ⣬·һģʹί
£һҪңҲǹⲻ˵ģֻĲ֪ôڡ
·һͷɫţһ˫ʧƽľ񣬷ЩԵҼ
Ҳ֪ԼѵıܸһǺܶ˵£Ҳ֪СʱǸ˵۸ңҡ
Ҳ֪Ϲ˵
ºȻڲԷĽƱ硣
ӡ
·µĻش죬ޡøˡ
ô죿
ĶԷԴʾԷһ㣬
Ҫ֪ڵҪȫѣֻϴȥǡ
֪
·ҲɵʱԼҲ˺ܶϣ֪Լø㶨
ҪʵڲУϴɡ
Ҫ
ֶԷô˵ˣҲܰԷ
ϴǵΣӦס
ֲ֪ܺǸ˵һӡ
·Ҳѡ
˵ʵҲдʱͲӦȥ㡣
ԣҲд·ԥصͷӦ¡

ȻͲӦÿ·ֻꡣʵ롣
--------------------
˵С·˹


35

·Ŀ˵΢ԹԼѵıܣ¾ȫһס
پˣ·Ѿϴȥˡ
˵飬лԹ
Ҳˣ˹ùùƾҪˡ
У硣
ſʹҡͷʹˣϴǶomega˺ܴܴС·ܲס
һ·õҽ
ºγϴǵΣж󣬿û·
Ҫ֪·㡣
֪ҡĺܵģ磬ҺܵС·
彫ͷ£̧ͷ£Ƿʧ䣬ͺһ֪ԼԺĴ󹷣
磬ҲС·ˣҲΪһС·һӣҡ
֪ʲôˡ
µĻ飬ȴǺʵʵԼҲomegaĲпᡣ
ҡ
˵꣬һͷøҲ֪˶ã建̧ͷ¶һΪ˯߲ƣ
磬ټС·
¥ϣҲѾȶˣҪԼȥˣҲȷ㡣
ε̾һ»Ǹ˽һϣ
šګګӦ£űҡҡλεس¥ȥŶԷǱıӰվ΢΢Щ
״̬Ǻܺá
ӽ߳Ҳ֪˶ãûʣҲûҪ͵˼ֻǿŽȥıӰߵԵһ䡣
ǰһֱСûзôĴ¡
¶ڽӡȽϵϾԷһֱùõĹȶϸȻҵһֱǽûбҴүڡ
ȻԸСʱҪ࣬»ǶЩġ
ҿǻˡ
ƫ˵
²ûаѵĻϣŵʱԼָôشǸأʵʵ˵֪˽£ѽ
˵¸òùù֪
˼һò⣬ǳŵѯʣ˳Ž¥ķƬ̣ҡҡͷ
ѾˣӦԼӦô
ţˡ
µ˵ͷȷʵѾСˣ˵ʵ·ͽһԣǽȫκεֻĳ룬ߣԸȷʵǺʺ·
뵽⣬һ̾Ϣ
Ǳ·ģ֮Ƕˡ
͵̧ͷͿԼұͷһҡҡλεسɫȥ֮ǰӻҰҵ
壿㡭
ûȽ˵꣬ٶ۵ҡҡͷ
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С¿Ž壬ԥûǲ֪Ҫ˵Щʲôֻܷν뿪Ƚ뿪󣬽ȥ·ڡ
ô£
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ˣ
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ҪٸҳǰҾʹ
׷ʲôˣ
²·ô
ûûʲô
·üͷһ壬뵽ʲôͻȻȥ࣬Ҫƹ˼
ˣǲ̸£Ѿ̫ˣ뿪ôãӦѾһˣҵûȥˡ
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ͻȻԼҪȥŵ£˼һ»Ǻ·һ죬
ʱӦûȥˣҡҪȥһʱ䡣

·ɫһŽ¿˺һͻȻǰ˵˽ϣһӾ˷
ʲôˣ
omegaԣЩ˵
º͵ص˵ͷͬ·һЦǰҪš
̫Ľˣ¡
omegaŵģ·Ҳһ
ǰҲܸˣֻǡ
ֻʲô
¿·˺һնŶԷ¶ԼΣ
š
⣿
·ŽµͻȻ΢ɵ𣿡

䲻·һ䣬ǾȣûӦԼͱ·ݺݵšһ¡
³ʹƺһ
Ҿ֪Ҳ˴ĵطǲѾǸͷϴˣ
·ؿڣ˳˽Һͽµĸһ䣬
ͷѲɻǽģŰ㶼Ҫȥں˵ھðѼֱӸˡ
ۡ
·յĻУ̲סЦ˳ŶԷһӣֻͻȻࡣ
Цʲôҿġ
·ȭͷڿлӶ¡
úúã֪ˡ
ü䣬Ӧ·Ļ


36

壬ͷ𣿡
³˵仰ʱ˶ԷԸֵĲͲ⡣
үô
ͷ̣塣
üۣɵ磬壬ܰҼһԼá
¶ɣϾҲڽҴһӵˣڽЩ涨Ƚ»ҪȻԼǱôֻҪŵˣһǱĬ˿̻Щ󲻶
İɣ壬ûµġ
°οŶԷ֪ԷʲôԷԥԼֺγأԸٱЩˣӦô
Ѿ˽ңͷҲûʲôˡ
УҸү
ջЭˣЩ꽪¾൱ĺӣôܲԼĺӣ
ȥѰ˹忪ʼϸͬ¼ͷЩҲҺн°ο
ꡱһ¸ܵԼͷ䣬ͻȻͰֻ½ײ˿ĸO@ЩԼʲô飬Ҫ˵ǼٵģľȻǸ˺ͼһСɹ֮ĳС
˫ֽϣָԼûзִ˿̱Ӱס˫ڵˡ
һͷʧѾµʲôģˡ
壬лл
лƬ̣ûĻӦԼͷԷĦһĨ䵽Ķϣ΢ֲڵָĶھòԾ岢ôֵĶ
ԲһĨϤУͲ֪ȥˡ

Щ⣬֪ʲôʱġ
š
Ӧһǰỷס˽£µתԼĿڽתһȦΪ
Ȼܺÿ¡
˺ޱԼomegaһֱԼomegaÿomegaû֮һ
;ö̷ʺˡ
ڶԷŶԷϵ㣬ڿҪȫԽȥ֮ǰ̧ͷڽһǣ
ˣѾʼڴ㴩װˡ
š뿴Լ
ձ֮ǰԼ뷨
á
ɿ˻Žµ֣ڽڻЩֵͷȥɡ
µ˵ͷűȥ
ڽߺһ˽ڽµĳһһƵµͷܳոҲܵýȫеĺڷҴĹսǼ仹ᵽ˵
֪ԼʲôУҲԼ˼һпǶԶԷɵϿɣʵϻ뽫ԷνԼԡ
ְ˼õԼԼ
ôģҲɵġ
Һð㣬¡
з˿һ˵֫
ŤͷǿѹأеҲܿʧȡ֮ǺƽһĵȻᡣ
Ҳ㡭ҡ
һߣվڳǰžǸİԼ
ıʮĳѾʧڵԼֻǶż鷢ղڿԼǲӦḧ鷢һһƣ¿žеԼ֪ˮȻϻ䡣
£ϢˣԼˡ
ǵͬ˵ġ
ǰҳϢˡ
ЦŶžеԼ૵ȴһʣϵѹһ̱жȴһʧֱֱص˵ϣڣͻȻؿ˳һֺݺݵؿžӣһֻ鴤š
һСĵ׵ίһӿ˳û
žڣû˿õǱ
ڵ˾йЩıʹֱֻͦվţɫƽڵĿûȥţҲûȥοֻǰš
ȻĬĬӭӶԷ

ȥ죬ûг֣֪ԷһҲűûж⡣
⣬»ǺͨһҪŵһʱȥ
ڳϣñѸ°ŵȫ¿ˡ
ˣھŵݺͱ
ýϴ˽µͨѶϣ¿ϱߵϣԼһͷ̷ģϱߣе㿴ϰߣһдݣ
  䣺20  Աbeta
ԭԸ
ˣƾ˸µļͥţĸ̸һͨС̷Ƕӡ
ˣЩݣ˾ţͨѶͻᱻֻҪʱŻϵıʯ£Ϳϵǡ
ţãлл㡣
Ӧ£ű˳һСһŵĴűǰǰ򿪡
--------------------
ȫܣϿŸĪСҪˡ


37

ھţǼİģ̤ŵһ𣬾ܸܵŵķΧȫȻͬ
ɭϣ࣬ڵѪҺ˿̶
˳·һߣ󿴵һŵ񣬶һԵĸʾϱд±
ĳһ𷢵alphaȣӱ߽ԣ򣬱̵ӷҰް䣬²ŽϵݳȥԷǡ̧ۣںͶԷӵһ̣¸оԼ궼һս

ҡµͷӦ
˽µĻشüͷ΢壬䣺ھţûش𡣡
һԷĻ֪Լشˣǵ±飬Ҳ

𷢾ٿ˽һɫ䵭˽ºһڽµıϱ߸£ͽӻظ˽¡
һԵһ˶һһͬȥᡣ
ţá
𷢾̧۶Žһۣ˲˶Է˼
֪ˣ
ࡣ
αֱվһԣֱǽ𷢾ٲٿ²Ÿɿ
űҪϸ񣬽ȻСɽҵĹغ;ŵĹزһһǱĬĹأһȴеĹأ̵ԸȷʵЩӦ
ñȽ磬Ǿվһ԰صš
ʱƣ𽥶˺ЩˣǽֻܽԼվվҰԹ۲Щͬһ𱨵±ļʵȳƣ£žͺһȭͿԴ򵹡
ôţһȭȻϣûӦֱֱһ£Һý´СϰԵʣƽԼãܿסΡ
ǸǸֵû°ɣ
ƺû뵽ôæǰŽ£Һý²ûˤ˻֣ʾԼû¡
ˣֵܣôһȭ͵
ɤŲСһܱ߶˵Ŀ⣬̧ۣվһ߸㰫˶Էһͷֻ̧ͷԷӣѾɶԷȴǴһɫģܺõرչ˳һͷɫͬƵͷŶԷЩ˿ȤضŽ¿
ûע⵽
²ûܱ޵ĳЦֻǳǰǸ߸΢΢һЦ
߸Žµģ㶣ͷ
ֵʲôȻûʶһ£ҽй͢

±Լߵ֡
ãҼסˡ
͢ЦǺǵؼ˵ȥ̫ӣüĬĬԷ˵룬˭֪ԷƺûвµĿãֱӾͳŽӵ˹һֱֱֻ˽µļ
ֵܣ⼡оеٰ벻ҽ̽㣿
ˣллƲƲ죬ϰߺ׽
û£ԺͶǺֵˣ
͢ɤŲСټԵβֱΪ潵Ĵ
δȽͬԷ飬һϤӰͻȻͳ嵽˽ǰֱֱ˽һԵĹ͢һţԷƺܿ죬͢ô˶Էһš
ӷ֣
ŵ㽾ݵɤýһӾ̧ۣ˶Էдż־ȣҲͶԷֱײߣԷڽѵ͢ĻȻͣסüëѸšҧŽʣ
ô㣿
ҡ
³Ī¹˹ºһЦԷɫһسȥվԭء
ģͷ
˶٣Ī̲סԼϵһ䣬룬ҲûŹĳλϵһƭˣ
µ١һȥ

֪ԷԼһαװbetaŽŵģǱԲԽȱԼߵ֡
Īݺݵ˽һۣһûеӣ
쳶
ãա
³ŶԷ˵ͷ֪ԷԼһ֪ŵĻرѣ˲Ϊ¶ԼһھŵĻᡣ
ߣûõĶ
Ī˽ºһͻȻڣ̧ۿ˽ԱһµĹ͢һۣ
͵ű۸ɡ
˵գĪת߿ˣߵһԶ뽪µĵط
٣ֵʶ
͢ԵͷȻŽѯʣ
ôһһ㣿
ϴˡ
ҡҡͷȻ͹͢ϸ˵Ī
ְ
͢пһ
Ƭ̣һ죬ܱߵȺͻȻͰԾվɺüš
һƤĸ߸վ˵ǰ֣ؿڣ
ӭλҢţ
--------------------
ۣϲıԵղء


38

ΪºĪǡߺšľţټ˾ٵİţڿԼĪͬһʱ򣬽Ҳû̫⡣
ϾŵҪĿĻǽĪ֮¡
ͬ±ĪԾûôˣԼͽͬһ󣬼ǵһʱӶü
˸źһξһۣһĪֻ۾ʼۣûȽ³һϤӰͻȻʹյ˽µǰ˽ºĪ
û뵽һ
͢ǰסµļ򣬵²źۼرܿˣҿ͢Ҳûֻ̫Ǽ˷ܵس彪¿ڣ
ԺǴһõֵˣ

¿ǰˣһʱ侹Ȼ֪˵ʲôܿץסһ΢ĵ㣬̧ͷŹ͢Ŀʵ۵ļϿһȦЩɻ
beta
˾͵ܰһalphaԡ
԰betaѵ𣿡
͢µĻطʡ
ǡ
µ˵ͷ֪Լ˵ĲԣΪˣҲû˵ʲô
ֵܣһȥɡ
͢Ҳû⽪µ⣬˳ؼŽ˵
á
ûоܾȻָһѾһߵĪԹ͢˵
ɣҲһġ

͢תĪϸոձĪߵĵطƺۣԿĪҲЩ
Ҳһģ
ԡ
µ˵ͷֽŤʾ͢һһͬһĺڷˣ
λҲһģ԰һй
ޣãҶûע
͢Ž¿һ䣬룬̲סŽ˸Ĵָ
ȥҽ쳶ɣȥǸ
ΪĪڶԽ²ûʲôӡԵʣ»ǰ񽻸˹͢Ź͢ʵĪӦܾŹֵ͢سĪȥջĿ⣬תȥѰǸڷˡ
ڷһվȺ֮⣬ͷЩס۾н¿̫Էúܸߣȴ͢ǰǼ⿴ȥʵЩˣȽ»Ҫ࣬ΪԵʣȥȻݣʵֻûж׸⣬ԷȴۿɼݣݵͷԵһ֡
¶ԴЩɻߵĺţôԷôþų
ȻֱʶԷֻ̧۳ŶԷòڣ
ãҸոٰţһģǿһߣ
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39

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40

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41

ڽһ֧飬ƽѵǿȲǺܸߣѾý¸еƣĪΪomegaⷽͬȷʵҪһЩ
һ˫˫˵׺󣬽ºĪ˫˫ȥ˴ɨѵ
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42

һµѵڿԼǰ֧ǹʱͻȻͻȻԼ¹е֧ǹȵͬ˵ǷרſalphaӵǾƳġ
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ظһҸո˵ǹṹ
ŵͷԼֱߵǹĬ˼Ƭ̣ű㿪ڴ
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ҲݣҸո˶ûסﾹȻסˡ
»شģй͢һԵɴ۾

ĪЦ˶ԷһЩ壬һ㶼жǹ֧רŽѧ
µĻش𲢲ӣֻش˳ʵģûٶ˵һ֡
һǽ¶ŽµĻش𣬾㽪ûж˵Ҳ׶ԷǹеʶԶԶֹЩӦ֮ǰϵͳѧϰҲ֪ʵս
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43

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45

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46

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һĻһԵ¾УԭһЩܿãľګ
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47

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48

Ī¹˹صĻý˲˫ŴͻȻ֮䣬ϵĺëʱ˿̣·ܵ˵׽Ū
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49

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50

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죬ҺĪ쳶
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á𼱡
¾żģеĿڰһ䣬ű㰴˳򽫽ºĪ˰
ձɰĽҴʹȴǸæ嵽Īǰʼ鿴ĪĪеժȥĪ޷Ѿˮʪ糺죬ڽ»ܵ𲱾ϣҲסŤɢȻѾڽʧȥʶ
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Īڽ»вϵૣֻܲϰĪתͷ¾
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betaԷҲѾ֪Īʵˡ
ɶԷƺʲôͺһ
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ˡºԥذؿھϵıʯһ̣շεε죬ͷ˳ȵ
¡
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¹˹ү𣿺õģˣǱô
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˵˵ɫ
רŸbetaʿҲ֪ЩǲǺһҲǲμӿ˵ʿȷΥ˲ܶͬΪμӿԱֵĹ򣬲ҾáѾǵһˣͰ¹˹˾˵һһ¡
á
Ӧڽ¾һжѾ˵˵ʱ򣬵ȴͻȻһ䣬
££ô
ң
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ѯʽн˼Ƭ̣뱨϶ġΪЩˣⳡ˶òƽˣĪ˳£ֻǵԭͻȻƻļԼǱ¶٣ⱳ϶бĴ
ЩΪԼȨЩֱ벻֮صα֮ˡ
ⳡ˲ܽ
ͻȻ˵
ţ
ͻȻ϶ɧоŵ
µĻͨѶͷĵ΢΢һЦƺڴԼomegaĻ
û˵Ȩ룬ҪΪԼΪۣ
Լûʶ˵⻰ʱ˵״̬жƽģɨȥ˫˸
Ϥµ֪ˣһ統ǸѶʱ򣬽»ؽԼ˷ҹһϵзļƻѾĵ׳ˡ
᱾Ѿ˷ˣֻǽ´δʵȴŸӲ̡
ãҪʲôԺ˵һᰲȥӰ¹˹ү
˵գжͨѶ
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õġ
--------------------
ΪֹأΣͺͷΣ


51

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¾һֱһԿŽ£˿̲סڣ
㿴ȥƣ
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ļ˾̨ϣѾƣȴ΢ЦſǰǰݵˣְҲ
¾Ž⸱ģ԰˰ͺʲôûȰ˵Ž¿ʼǰ
µ·߲ûʲô̫ı仯ŲֻĪ⵽˵Ϯ¶˵һalphaĽôЩ֪ʿָô죿Ӯ˿˵alpha˳ȥԼ
AlphaĶ֧
һ㲻֪ʲôʱѾԺиٹ
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µãСǰɲϻǱǱߵ˷ˡ
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ֻԶϣ֮ǰĪһͬһַʽˣƼ˽ǣæȵĸӴǰǣһ߽ǽһѯʵ
Ǳˣ
ûã쵰뿪
֣ϻһЩۣȻҲܵ˺͵ʱһĴл˼˲߲õĻ͸֤ʵǵĿĲǿˣֻǣסμӿ˵beta
˹˵ȻϮʿǷ𣿡
˻Ҳһºܲ
ȿ˽һҪǵ¸١
ȴףǲܵģ˿ܸûн뿼ټϼصΪ𻵣ʱ򿼺һֻ˵ǵԵݣοĻܾǾŵĸ߲㡣
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˺һһЩ춯һйͽ˵ոձǾ˹һαƷˡ
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˭£ûУ¶ǱǻᱣǣǺԥض
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֪ʲôôǵļ𣿡
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ǵʵӦ
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һͻȻЦý˵ĻȤˡ
֣ͣҿԱǡ
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˵ձײײ


52

û°ɡ
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ȥ׷ǸˣܲԶ
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Ǹ˱ע˼ɳڼܲԶģ뵽⣬̲סһȻϵ˵
ô¡
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˽ˣӦÿץסһ
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£𣿡
š
ԵĵĻ֪ΪͻȻƽࡣ
Һܿȥ¡
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˵仰±ףԼοѾˡ

ĺܿ죬ʱĽʶѾЩٶˣûԼûкͶԷ˵صԷôڶʱҵһɵ㡣
һжѾҪˡ
ָָ¾ȥ׷ϵķʾȥһ΢΢ͷ֪עʲôֻһͻȻϮûü㳹˹ȥ
ȽٴʱѾصׯ԰ˣ̧ۿϤķ䣬ʶҪȴԼЩӲͷҲʮֳأƺ˯˺ܾãڴ˺һͻȻ̣˲֮ǰһС
ǰھſ˵ʱˡ
ˣоô
һΪϤͻȻһ𣬽Ťͷȥֻһŵׯ԰˽ҽϣ٣ˣ΢΢һ漴
ȥ֪ͨ
ϣ뿪ҴԺ״̬ԼھŵӦǽˣͺƽ޹ʵһΣֻʹһжʵģŤͷԼʯ󣬽һʱЩӦһֱ㶵ţֱű򿪡
̧ۣalphaɫǰݣһ˲䣬ǹĨЦ첽߽Ű
ˣоô
ţûʲô⡣
һ߻شһߺ͵ӣԷտ뵵ʶҪرܣɻûͷǰalphaͻȻͿҲԷ§סԷСرܿ˵Ȼ˵ڴϣűռ˽µĴ

ʱ̣ӵζŨ졣
Ƭ̣ͷǽµĶ䣺
Ұȥϴһ¡
ûӦֻ΢΢촭
ֿһеǿѹ۵ףŸӱomegaȥԡңСذŶԷĺۼϴȥ
еomega΢΢ʶԼĳ嶯ĿԷͷԼĻС
Ǹˡ
AlphaǸȴȷһܲ͵סνԺomegaǰ׾ͻɾ
omegaʲôʱ

ȽʶȫѺҶţֻҪһ뵽ոշģ¾ͽסߺ죬alphaƺûʶһ㣬߹Ŵһһںࡣ
µͷ˵Ҳûڣһʱ䷿Ĭˣºһ
ٺȵ㣿
ڽº󣬵еһ䣬ҡͷ㽫뽻ˣ˳ȥ
֪¹˹үĽ𣿡
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š
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Ž·㶣µٻָǸƽ΢ЦģŽ¾Ϲ
˾ŰɣϾҼүģף졣
˵գµٱԥת뿪ˣֻ˽һֻվǣ֪˼˶áЦһһǵˮһ߼ڣ
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˵Ĳ٣ûн´ƼĪ¹˹ؿܻȲʧȥʶ
ƻ˵أץû⵽ôһ£
Ȼο˳ֵ⣬ҲʲôƲ磬˽ʣ΢΢˵һýºܲŵϢ
ˣµ˲
ܣҸ˼ɳڼ¾ȥ׷ôܡ¾أ
ǰԼomega̧ḧԷͷŶԷ
ҵʱѾιȥˡ
ʲô˼
ĺۼƺҪסһ˵ǷƷˣɳڼЧ
΢΢̾˿һ뵽˽µ뷨ο
ûµģĴ¡
Щͷۣһһˣǰ
Ǹûá
OmegaԵǺó顣
Ѿˡ
ûй˼ʱҲȷʵֻн²ݾˣ
úϢһ°ɣǱߵһᴦõġ
˵⣬±׶Էǲٲ־ŵˡ
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ȵ鷿鷿ŽϣʾԷڣ
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湫ˣϵ˵ƶ·ʧˡ
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Уˡ
΢΢ף
²÷֪֪һ㣬һᷣ㣬á
ǣˡ
úԥصͷӦ
--------------------
΢ͬӭ


53

û뵽ĪȻ
¹˹үڣ֮ǰûкͽ֪ͨһ֪ʱѾˣǵ뷨ֱӽȥ԰ȥͻȺ裬ԭȽ»еɻ󣬻һѲڽǰ͸԰
Ͼʱȫ顣
İɣҶˣȽһȥ
΢ЦŽ˳ȳʻԶ󣬵ϵЦݽ
ã鵽·ȥ𣿡
鵽ˡ
ýõϢĽʮ־ȣ
ǵʧǰ·٣ϴǰһ죬ȥҹ·ֻз˵ıܡ
Ȿһֵò£ɵȴûб¶ĺԣֻüƺ뵽
µġ
ڼĵһۣܿĳԷǸɵɵƤµжѹ֣ҵĽꡣ
ȥһɣһ㡣
һ˵һ߸ԼףϵԵЩ룬̲ס࿴ۣע⵽ˣͻȻЦһһ˷˼Ļ
ãڸ𣿡
ֻҪҶһ׷档
ýǰ֣صؾһƺⲢһҪ¡
ã仰Ҳܸ˵ġ
ݸһЦű
׼һ£Ҫȥһ˾ţ¹˹Ǽһһ˭סˡ

һߵĻ԰ºĪһͬǰ԰һһһ߼ЩϡƷֵĻѾˡֵǵ󻨶侹ȻȲΪͨһҲȷʵǱȽϿЦġ
£ǡҶҪɵǲǹָʹҵˡ
ĪѾԭ˽£ȴʱʱᱻԷó٩䣬
Ϊʲôϲһô
ĪʵĻȻѣȴǰѽ¸סˡ
һμʱ򣬵ʱ޺˵˼Ȼѿδɴ˿̣ʱѾȥôˣԼãˡ
ǸˡΪʲôȥģ
뵽⣬±㲻Ծڿ˵ʱĪͬ˵ЩйɯĹ¡
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ڷһѾԽԽƫ뽪ԭļƻõѣ˿ȴֻԼ̶Ҳزͷ
ûԵˡ
ǽѾ׵ˡ
Ȳ˵Ը޷ɱǸϹʱΪûٱԭȵͷ
¾һ˽Сˣ㲻֪ԷǲǴĿĵġ
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ȥ͵˵Ҫ飬ֻ¶ԷҲԭģ±ǵĳ衣
£ڲ˵
Īڶ߽һӽҵ˼
ô£һֱڷ
ԼԣĪıЩݺݵضŽ£ýҲʶԼĲòϽЦ⿪ڵǸ
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µ٣ŵĶҡ
䣬һɫβ˾ͳ˽µУԷװ£ɫƽһһһԷǰǸһ˳ͳ˸˿еݸĪ
ү
Ī˳־ȡ˹˦˦ʾԷ£µ΢΢ףǾһűߵԶ
¶࿴˶ԷһۣʲôĪڣ
Ĺܼȷʵ֮ǰ˵һ㡣

ĪƺѾԼͽ¿佱µٵˣ⻰Ȼϲϳϣ۽ǻǴ˵ԺϾԼˣô˵Ī
˺Ī־ͽеĶݸ˽£
ĶҶˣֻġ
ʲô
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ʲô˼
µͷָֻͨ͸Ȼ򵥣ȴʮС
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ȻԼû˵ʲôĪͼŰɡ
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ҡ
Щ˼˵ڣöָĪһ˵ôҪɵȴδеԭ޷Ǿǽ²ˡ
δϹˣҲԼ
˵͵ͲమģⳡıĻ㽪ѾûǸͷټȥˣ
ûȥɣֱӻҲУҲա
¾ǿһȫ˳ҲǳװĪˣĪ˽ºüۣĻȴ߳ٳ˵ڣǰѺǰߵһģתͿ첽˳ȥ
µ٣ؼˣ
ĪãûµٸϾ˳ȥµٿԼү⸱ģͲµǺͽ֮䷢ʲôȥ׷Էɽȴסˡ
ȵȣ
ºסµ٣еֻеݸԷ
үɡ
ýû뵽ǣǰ˲ûнӹȥֻ΢Цſڣ
ǸˣҼүģûʸջȥ
Ĳգ˵ұûȥġ
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ӦҼүġ
µƺ֪ߵʲôһ˿Ī
ˡ
Ȼ֪ǲǶԷ˵ģƺȴһӾͽºݺѣɼָǹ˲ӵеģҲܡ
ⳡ־Ӧýˡ
--------------------
Īˣ


54

һжԺ󣬽˶óƺֱ֮ǰǸδ߳ҵĽ¡
彫һпУȴҲ޿κΡЩƺæʱ춼ׯ԰ׯ԰ߵĴ£ǰӳ²Եĺ棬΢ʶҪͷһ㶲͵ԼѾ˶ʮĳˣ鲻ԽعǣԼȤ
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±뿿Сһȴ뻹ûնõۣһֱӴƬ
ǽµһׯ԰ֻ鿴һȴһֱײ
򣬷ˣ
亽ֱӳҲû뵽½쾹ȻߣʱҲǰͬˣ¾һ
˺á
һԵҲæ˸
ô⣿
¼ǵöԷϾǰĻ̥ͬԷѧˡ
ˡ
亽Щ½µģ΢΢̧ۣЩη壬˵ΪŶЩͣ
ңҡ
ôˣ°һЦСʦȻСĺܲٽΪֹûгԵθڵĲˣλСʦӡ󼫺á
ˣ͵
һԵһŮͻȻ亽˵˿ڣ
ڴɨʱۿġ
ңûУ
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ŮȻ亽˵ǣֱӽе֤ݸ˽¡
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˵˵ⶫôģ
ȻЩƫ̻СʦȴҲҪ¹졣
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亽Щ֧֧ᣬƺ̫Ը⿪ڡ
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ŮʮֽֿŲɾˣ亽̬ȸƶԼ뷨˽Ҳ΢΢̾˿ЩεؿԷ
ú˵Ҳܰ㲻𣿡
亽˫ͨ죬ͷԥãǽʵ˵˳
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ŮȻǲţôԵ޹һôĶ
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ʮģֻҪԷһĽͣ±Թȥ
ȥʱׯ԰߼񵽵ģϳǹĶȥ
亽ͷģίˣ
ָܼͻˣ˵˵˼ǼȻҼ񵽵ľҵˣûⶫ˱ˣ˵ⶫӦҾ͸˸ӴϣǡöˣҲš
á
Ҳûж죬еݻ˶Է
Ȼǹ͵ģͼŰɡ
亽ƼºԥؾˮֹסʼžžવµǰλνĹӡǺࣺ
ˡлл㡣
Ǻϲ𣿡
ԥһǽԼɻ˳ĪöָҲģԴׯ԰ƺδЩöԷϲʯһװƷ
طˣǰȷʵȽϲƵƷ
Ůׯ԰ʱȽϾãڹϲҲȽ˽⣬
֮ǰׯ԰ƵװƷͰڼǱȽ϶ġ
ôͲôЩװƷˣ
Щ֡
طˣҲǺƺڷׯ԰ǰûµġ
ŮȻԴҲеЩɻ󣬵ϾԼֻһˣöׯ԰̫档
ˣȥæɡ
ʾ亽Ů뿪ȴЩ֪ΪΣڱ˿еĵԾȻΪİǰĪͬ˵ģǸղġ˿еĵɱϣЩɫʣһеһУİˡ
ͺδϤġһ
쾹Ȼĺ磬ýЩ죬ԼomegaΪȵɫȻһЦ߹ԥؽԷӵԼУ

С
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ƺЩۣȥǿalphaԷڽǰޱű¶ԼΪһ棬
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Ҳ֪˵ʲôǰһΥ͸ȴڽʧ˿ǰalphaΪϤĵûдǰǿأȴޱʵ
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쿪ʼ׼ڸװˣ̯ˣʵ峬ģ


55

ƺĺۣûгԾ¥ϢˣǰǾԲܵġûȥŶԷֻǷԸһֱš
ׯ԰ڽ¶ʵϤ֪ΪΣܻ뵽췢£뵽Ůͺ˵Щ֪ΪΣڵĽԽԽ͸
ŵϢ˶Է鷿ԭֻ̽ԵתŰ֣һ̣ȴɱ򿪡
鷿¼ûнһΪŵ¶ԷġϾλߵصġ˿̣»̲סˡ
鷿İ貢˵Ǽ࣬ûжƷͰ裬鷿ȥˡ
ʵⲢҵϰԣҶԣһЩԵİ輫ΪҪǴҵĹȨ
İ칫ҲΪɾ٣ļһߵϣû͵ļȤתһ෱ͼ顣֪ׯ԰һģ۴ĲݣȻǰĲܹϲͼ顣
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һ춯ҵֱϣе±˺ڰ֮У֪ʱؼ


56

ƽڽⲢûгܾãյǶƵʱ򣬽µһʱ䶼Ϊ˭Ķ磬ֱ˵һ¶
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ƶİʩ٣һμҲ࣬ʵ߼ƣ·ֵ·ĶǵĶֻҪׯ԰Ƕʱ䵽õ˺·ߵŲ飬Եóۡ
⻰ѾҳԷ˭ˣȴؼϣȴ˿ڣнʮżȻֱӵ˵Ȳ࣬ߴٵ
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»ҡͷеҲôˣû׾侲
ң𣿡
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57

ջǻһ˽ңѰ˽ҪӶԷе֪һ㽪䡣
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įomegaۡһΪԼеңڵһжǹȥ޷ġ
ȥĻжãüǰֻomegaһֻomega
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ڵ֮󣬽һׯ԰ٴ˽ǵ״ֻ̬Ҫ·仹ûҵ޷ĵϢ
ڵߺûãͻȻյһϢһİĺģϱûʲôݣֻдһϳ·515
µı˲̧ߵ죬ɵģȻϾҪˡһյһϢǸ롣ƽһԼ̬»ǴϢ
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58

ڵȵĹУԺ˯ˣҲ֪˶ãԼЩŻ
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59

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ԴǳԺҾ͸ү


60

ˣϳ·Ǳߵ鱨ϵˡ
õͷĿϢĻ谵ǰalphaнͨѶϱ߻ʾomegaƽͨѶ֮󣬶ԷҲûϢ
ˣǻҪԭƻ𣿡
̽Եؿڣܸܵ˴˿ж
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ǴˣǴֻһСġ
Щԥɻû˵꣬˵ͳ
ãκ˺¶ҪҪ»زҪ˵Ļˡ
ף֪ˡ
΢΢ףһ̣ףڼ׷ǿalphaѾ㡣
ҲΨһ㡣

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뽪үôһˣôܻ²ʲô
ϵֻµɫһ㰵ǰϵÿһִ˿жԵøۡ
үû·档
Ļɸ˽һ
˫˲ɴ͵滹΢ЦˣôȻ·ϡ
İɣү·ûʲôΣա
콫΢΢ȫУƮƮģͺͲµ˽µķӦ
үǸˣӦ֪ҵĿĲ·㡣
ȻĿңͲӦöԱ֡
޷ΪΣգһĥ
Ҳ룬˵ʵıԼҪңҲֻ˳ˮ۰ˡ
컺£
ǵʱѾˣү͹жȷʵǵвܴҲòô
㵽ô
²⣬ΪԼһп޵ˣԷΪҪ
ܼ򵥣Ҫҡ
һαЦݣɫ
ҪңǱȥҽʲô
³һЦֻҪǸӦöֻܿһҵӰˡ
ˣЩ˶ǰ׳հˡ
ҡҡͷ»֣
үӦ̸ڽҵ񣬽ҲӦôڵϣ̸һµҲͬҪݻٽңȴõңҿȻȴҲдڵ壬ֻҪүԸѽҵļӡңұԷѣ̸ǰΪ˵½ҡ
콫Լ׳ΪһܻĽףɻ䣬ǰ˲мЦ
µ۽ޣЦ⣬ͺڳЦǰ˵棬Ƭ̣Ц⣬̧۶϶Էߣڵ
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¸հѻ˵꣬ްܿ죬Էס̬΢΢һЦ
ȻˣֻܱһˣүѣΪүܺܿġ
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вҵģ죬ûǰơ
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ҿһ·


61

ʱټ·¼ҪΪԼˡ
ƽѽƻĺ꣬˿̾ȻɫҰ׵ڲϣüͷհݣ࣬Ҳ֪ʱ˶ٿࡣн¼ΪۣԼֿѻΪԼز
Ƕʲô
ˣµ˻
İɣֻժѡ
һЦŽͣܳɹĵԪȻ·̫ˣֻܸ򶨼ϣүҪ顣
Ϸɡ
΢΢Ϥµ׽Ѿˣһ֣һ˫ڣ͸ʲô
·ǰ˵ģʢӡ
ãҲһ
ڲ˰ɣ
¿ѯʣӦѾĲˣôõһǾˣ
ֻһѣҪ£Ҫ
Ļشý¾׼׽ȥüʵ
£
ǰһܽҢ߸Ĵ¡
첢û˵ʲô£еĲԾ̧ۿ˿⣬ʱ䣬Ҳ֪ûгɹѰ
ȻҪǽүǿ뿪ˡ
Ļµ˼أͷ򲡴ϵ·ḧ·д¶
أҡ
Ǹүڲ
Щ˽µ뷨ԱǿӲүǹһɣǲôѰģȥҾֻܽסˡ
߰ɡ
Эˡ
Ȼ˶ûע⵽Ľؿڣöɯҫ˿ȴ⡣

ڽ¾Ҫ뿪ʱ򣬽ͻȻ⴫ӵ죬ƺѾ˽
ɫ˲ҰףûԤϵһôҵߡ
ܣôô졭
콫Ŀת£̧ͬӣƬ̣ͻȻ΢΢һЦ
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ܽҲ֪ôô̵ʱҵģһ̣ȴĪİȻƺԶܽһá
죬߲š
Žºһȥ
ǸյţȴǣͺǸ֪ǵĶ
һ̣ԼܲˣҧҧЮס˽³ȥ
ңҵܲܶѾûˡ
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ү˵㻰ɣӲȥˣҲһ𡣡
Ļݶżַ⣬нүһҲֵˡ
ʱ򵹾ЩЦҪҵͷҪҺһ뷨һʼ;Լһȡ
ˣ¼࣬񽪼ҵͬʱҲɵŽңȻ󣬿ɵλ˵иٹ
ֻΪ˵õҶһУֻ˵൱ֵõģҲֵƴ
ڽµ߶߶У콫Ǵһң²ҲѰ·
ӦӲˣɡ
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Ϊʲô
죬һηʣҺܺΪʲôҪҵӡûôá
үڸλЩ̸һһҪѣҾѾѽڣȴݵ
Цţɫһи̸֮ǿʳalphaӸ£һƿұ޷Ҳͷء
ôˣҺúý̸ҷпܻ㡣
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㲻öҵѣ죬ҵвҡ
һ̣±ûаϵǹ֧ȡߣҲǽ´ͷβҺŵԭ
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쳶˳ǣ㱻ǹţȴͻȻýүͬھҲʲô¡
ˣҪڸλҺ㣬ʲôͬأΪҪ˭󣿡
˵˵ţͻȻҲЦһ
˵һҲһֱͨ˵

˽⻰ͻȻĬƬ̣ͻȻŤͷ£˰֣ʾһԵ½ǹ¡
ү߰ɣҲѾӲˡ
ĻýЩ죬ɾˣڶԷǼΪ裬еǹɾţٳûз¡ƺע⵽˽¾̧ͻȻ죬ý¶ʱɴ˫ۡ
ǹͻȻһǹǽ¿ģһǹԼ⶯ģǹһȫļżıΪʹɼˣȴǳŽ³ĨЦ
߰ɣүҴᱻʱǱ͵һɡ
Ϊʲô
֮ǰ»̲סѯʣԷлͬھȴǡ
үʵȥ
ż˵ΪǶ˵ҵĴû壬ȴΪùȻڿߴˣҲڡ
ټ
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Ž뿪ıӰɫͻȻ̧࣬ۿܱߵ˵
ҲӰɣץ˵һжұģ̷ܶࡣ
ܱߵ»࿴һۣЩɡ
߰ɣ߾
䣬һԵҲ׷׳ȥ±ֻһ
¡
ͻȻЦ
̼ǵõڽҼ̨ǰźߵļ˾ǵδºС
ҸĿꡣ
̨֮ϣomega⶯ҵԼҪĶȻΪ֮ŬɣʱҵԼļֵ
--------------------
һ֣


62

ĽṹΪӣƾż䳯ȥһ·ϵȶޱɭںڰе۾޼ɵڽƶ
ڵһؽ¾;װ̫ѹˣ¶һţĵҲ
һܻѽΪѹֵһ֡
ܿ죬¾
£
ǰĹͻȻһ̣ĨϤɫ˽µҰµ˫˸Էһ˲䣬ԷҲ
տͬʯһӳomega΢΢㶵飬ԥشǰԼ䱦§˻С
˱Ͷǹ֮Уļֵ̣Ļǽµ顣֪ΪΣڼһ̣ͻȻЩȻˡ
ȥһж£²֪Լûȥʼһµ
£Һ㡣
AlphaͳˣýµĶԼЩ飬һ̣ᵽԷĵġ
û£
ֱϵӦŶԷ
ڽ¿һе־綼Ӧýˡ
·
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Žµֱۻͺ֪룬ڽµĶߣalphaн¸ⰲģ£ǻؼˡ
á
½ԼͷĻУһ̣˹

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ҲһССźΪɴʧ״̬н¹ùüΪŭйؽϢͺһû֪ȥˡ
·ڱȳ󣬱տ˺ü죬ǻָһЩ·ɺǰһ»ܿóԷ࣬ʲô
ɽ޷ѯʶԷԼܣʲôʸȥ̽Ѱ˵أ
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úúã㵹Ҳݳʲôˡ
ӻشҽԺ·ı棬˵·δȫ죬Զ·ɵ˺ԶȿȥҪ·пǱʵ顣
һУнޱʹܺ·ֻҪǰֿ¶ЦݣҪ˵Ļ㿨ںҲ˵ڡ
ˣ·
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˵꽪¾ͺˣָ˵Ըܵ·ĽӲոջǿɫͻȻ˶ʱǷȥƬ̣ ¶һĨЦ
£ʱ𣿡
С
·ľδȶջ˿ڣû·˵
ְ˼·뿪˲һţ¾ͿվƺѾȺܾ˵alpha
·ô
еһ䣬ű㿴ҡҡͷɫЩʧ䣺
ʱķ˺ܶ¡
İɣ£Ѿˡ
һذο⼸ȺúϢϢָһ¾񡣡
á
ף̧ۺ͵ӡԷ֪omega˿Ѿ˼κˡ
飬±
Ž㱵ػݣϵЦȻȥ
ˣˡ
һֱվĬĬһ˿ڣһֱ࣬ˣ飬ӵһͷ˵ǰǹ߶ϡ
ˡ
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Щɣһûмʱ߽й·£֪Ǻ 
ˣİɣ˵ȲԼġ
һͷϣϳǵھſʱȥˣ
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ôˣô˯
󲽿˽µԣǿ΢΢ݣ˽һ˿ѹȸС
ڿʲô
ս档
ʶҪöָҲûʲôˣһҧֱݻ˵㡣
΢΢ƣ˽֮ϸָһöָͨԼЩϤ
佥öָĬãս˹
֪öָÿһεĹ˲ӵУ룬Ǿ㡣
µ֣أͺһش߹·̫࣬Ҳ¹಻ֲĴ󣬵Ҳٴȥˡ
ʲô˼
ָУоէ֣ƺѾµ˽һҪ˵ʲô
ɡ
һ仰ȴһ˳šµͷֱӵֻܿԼָؾ
֪˶ã΢Ц
ôڲɱ𣿡
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ȴҡҡͷҪᴥµȴ±˿£˵¶Ǽٵġ
飬ұһֱ֪
ߵһֱûдĽµ¹ԣomegaҵУ׼óǰһֱomegaŵǹ
ǹ˿ֻЩͳأа棬µȴЩ飬̧һŽ±ƽЦģ⵭ȻɽȴǴпһ˿ŭ⡣
ǸģϾԼһʼ;Ĳ
ԼŽͻɣ뵽㣬ڵߵǰһ̾ȻͻȻͻˣҲ𵭵ЦŵüۣǸ
ɻû˵꣬ͻȻڽ´͵㼸ĴͱԷ׵סˡ
ǵüãΪѾϰ˶ԷԼԵʣûƿܿͳУеĸŨأн»屻ѹƣˮ֮𣬽µҲ𽥱
ֱһĨԷУһ̣ǹŵڷһӾʹǰ
»ҵͷֻǰǹѾԷŵУǹȴֱֱָԼؿڡ
--------------------
ʱ


63

ʲô
»ҵҪ֣ȴѱԷǯУ£ǹڷֵø
£ĸԸ
ɫɷƵͷϸϸomegaʧı飬ЦŨҲܶԷҪѵƣͷһǡ
ǿƼˣȸղŸͣѲҪгڶԷĲ൱Уݽ½ǶԷ
²׶Էʱ˷ΪΪʲô屻Է𣬿ŵǰǹȴεصڶԷĿڡ
ڷһжǳԤģһǹµĽ⡣
֡
ϵ˺ƽȫȻͬͺܵ˴̼Ӷ˺ƽαװ˵һŴһ㽫µû
ڽµĴԶѵʱоԼǿһ°ʶ˲͵ƿȻеǹ
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ٶȱ𣬵Žµ֣ע£Լٴΰ˰ǹеתȴҲû˶
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⵽ô£
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üͷ˲𣬽¸޷Է˵ŵһʵȴ֪Ϊγһɭ
ʲôɱ㣿
仰߱κεĿŶȣȴñס˼
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Alphaº̧֣ͣϵöָչʾ¿öָȷʵʺ㣬£Ϊŷҵģңǵ
֪˵ʲô𣿡
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AlphaԼԼ˵жôףսߵµǰ
£ɯһˣöѩ룬ȴɯҵĴ֮
ǲǷˡ
תͷҪ뿪ȴalphaر˻ǹϤ˵ĸalphaеĴ
£ҽ°ɣһйɯƵĹ¡
--------------------
ʼĹ


64

£չݵΪԭø٣ʣ¼˶ֻʱİˡ
ֵӦɺܶࡣ
ɯƱΪûкظȤɲһ̧ۣȴƼһˡ
һˡ
˳ֱĳƺǱʪˣüڼͷ࣬¶ԷεĲ۽΢΢ϸü̧ƺע⵽Ŀ⣬˳⿴һۡ
ֻһۣȴΪ֮ˡ
񿴵һһ䵭ȴκɫʶҪ˵Ļڵͫɴ۵׵ȴľ
˵ָоֻԵʣ˵ܻ࣬ȻĪǸ˿
Ŀڲ֪ڼδʪķʱǶǸ˴ȥɻеݸ˶Էһ
ҿͷʪˣһͷɡ
ڽȥһ̣Щµġ˲ĺ⡣
ʲô£ȴƸţݸԷֶ΢΢
ҺãԷǺԥͽ˹ȥ¶һĨº͵Цᵽ͸ոγ˾޴ķ
һ̣ƲΪԼˡ
ЦҲÿ鶯Щɣ
лл
һ˫۸⾫£۽΢죬ȥ޹ԡ
omegaɡ
뵽ôÿº͵ˣomegaļҪһ㡣
ÿЩСĸð
òػص
ǰЩ䡣
ü۳΢΢һЦҲҲҪСˡ
˵ĶԻֹڴˡ
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˻ˣƿԷʱҲֻǿһıӰ
ݰƲ֪ΪЩۡ
ԼӦúͶԷԺ󶼲ʲôˡ
ЩְƱ˰࣬ҹɫϻׯ԰֮С
㾹Ȼû˯ׯ԰֮ͤɫƻˣ㽫ȥ
ƣ
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ˣÿһ춼Ƶģÿһϸڶǲͬġ
ϰԼӱ۵ӣͬԷص
ϿǺǰһ̫ͬһȴµĿʼ
𣿡
ƶǶص˵ͷƺû뵽ƽջ˵ĻǲǷʲôˣôо黹
ͻȻôһ仰Щ⣬ŲƭԼӵԭջǵͷشˣǵġ
ðơ
пһ䣬ûбֳȤֳܿԼС
һѾϰˡ
˭뵽͵Ϊֻͣĳ̶ֳϵѡ
ˮݣɵ嶼ֻʣһʱĳϺͽˡ
һܱ۵ˣͶԷദЩظܵԷʧڱ˵УһǿʹҢ𺳺µǿalphaʵϣһг䶨֮󣬵ȴǷϣƺϵһж
ǿߵı

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첢ûꡣ
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ƱΪǲнԵԷʱƵ黹㶡

˽ֽϻصݻƣϴ˵ģϴĺܸл
˵ľٶЩ⡣һѣû˻ΪҪһչһءǰƺģԷһɺʣڼԷĵһƱ㿴ˡ
ÿӦġ
ֽǿӻأϻһ㣬Էƺϴ
һûҪ¡
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Ʋ⡣
ˣ
΢΢һЦȴܿóԷĲġ
ܺãף졣
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ƺͶԷĵڶνֹڴˡ
ԴԺƷչݵĴ˵ƲҪչֵ࣬ĳĴ߶£˳פֵࡣ
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֪ǽүһ̣֮ǰһֵĵƵб㶼ˡ
ڽңԼļ⡣ʵǰҲϲڿ˵һ̣ͻȻΪνܴôõԭˡ

ÿڡ
ע⵽۽ǺЦسƴк
Ƶ˵ͷҲ᣺ǰЩ
ǻˡ
Բĺ󾱱¶ƵУ˶Է󾱴
Ȼomegaô뵽
һûһĽ̸УҲⷢ˶ԷԸûпȥôĳֹϸĹִȥͲȴƱ̲סЩۡ
Է񲢲ɣҲġ
Ҹûȥˡ
³΢΢ףڵȴЩףΣ»ټ
»ټ
ͬòغͶԷ˱
ƣ˵Ǽи䡣
죬飬ſͻȻһ⣬йɯԶḲ䡣
ǵģȷʵôһ䣬Ҳܱ֤ʵԡ
ҡҡͷȻɯһԱɶԼһ£ȴûк⡣
Ǽ嵹ͦȤġ
˵ôһ䣬ܿͷˡ

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Ϊ̫ʱûԼˣЩʧ䣬صϢұȵˮϢһȴͻȻһٵϡ
̧ۿ˿ӱ㣬Ӧ
ƾСؽŴ򿪣ʱһӿĴԣƲɵӣ˼Ϣصζ̧ۣȴǸ˺Щomega
ү
Щ죬û뵽ʱԷȻƺܿʶ˲Ծǰomegaʶƺѣƽƽ˿ǳ죬ɫãۿ΢죬̧ۿһۣһ̾Ȼ˳ƿ˹
ˣ
ƺܿһ㣬Щ֪룬ǰomegaӹˣƽǰһˣϢȴ߹ԣ񹥻Ƶǣȥǡ
ʲô
Էǽүֻһͨ
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65

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67

ǽº͵һطַ˯ǰûʲôо˿̣ȴо˷ĿԼ䡣
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69

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70

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71

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72

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73

Ȼׯ԰һ͡
С߱ϾͻС׷½Է˯ŻݣɵҲڷԷȥƺǸϴ裬ͷʪţڶ䣬ϢڸǣԵ޺ࡣ
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74

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ɶԷΪҪѲɶԷһʼ֪ʵݣ֪ڣᱻֵúܴ
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Сߣ͢ŶԷ˹ͽ¶伫Ϊģһ̣һ뷨и֣𾪲ѡ
͢ǲȵ˽µע⣬תͷԷЦѯʣôˣ
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С߳Ĭһ˵
һ˵꣬alpha϶ʱЦݣ̧뽪¶һۣһ̣¾ȻؿԷеϲκΡ
ĺܸˡô뵽


75

͢һٷԵΪĶǣʱ򣬽º͵Ȼׯ԰ϳ뿪ʱ򣬹͢鶼Ѿͣһֱׯ԰Żع̱ڳп£ܴһӡ
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Ž´С¥˯еĳºͽһ࣬ӣδԼҲôһļҡ
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ҡӦȻµ˹ĵǰԷͬһű㽫ӭ˽ȥ
үүںԺ㡣
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ڿµһ̣Է˸һ£ű¶һĨЦݣк¸Ͻȥ£н𣿡
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ҵһЩϣ֮ǰһ䣬˾ھûʲôԸ˻֮ϼ
ģ棬ڽռ鿴֮󣬽±һ룬Ҫ¹˹أǱֻǾˣһж޷˳ĽС
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Īͷ˼һȴҡҡͷ񶨵ûУҸԸ񼫺ãӲ˽񡣡
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뵽⣬Ҳͬ۵ģϾڽǰȥ¹˹һ棬ԷԸҲȷʵǺƽ׽ˣǻײԸˡ
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ͷԸ˿̵Ŀ¶Уɽ»ԼŶԷ΢΢ļ򣬽ֻܽԷӵø
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ĵͿзɹֻѻڲԶ֦Ľۡ˿̶ˣ֪Ӻδķ΢΢ɨ֪˭˵˼


76

Ī뿪֮ǰͽٲǵˡ
Ҳף¹˹ؼҢķ˼⣬ٰȥҲֻ»°ѱ
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ҵûⱲӾȻҡ
ĨЦüиЩΣֻȥˣϾˡ
ҵû뵽л˹ٰȻ˺
粢⣬ֻǲл˹ٰȻ˭ں߸һ
Ҳգ¶ѡ
ĬһЦһ̾˫˫̹Ȼ
£ǸøСȡˣʲô뷨𣿡
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µԼ뷨ҪȡֵĻҲûжϾ߲ǽҡ
䣿𣿡
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һ𣬽תͷһװalphaͬǳЦؿڵıʯҫۣ𣬳ȶԸС˿̣һ˵alphaȴڳ֡
ٴ˼ֹƻζһʶƣȴĸԸؽִȥҲŶԷһЦá
һھҢһֱǶ˵Ĵڣ䶼Ҫϼأⲻý¸пǰιǿ󣬶Է̻ͬѤãȴת˲ţҲףûǱû͵Ľ졣
ʱȥĹذɡ
ͻȻ͵˵Ӧȥúøл
ȷʵ׾˽µ˼Ӧ
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Ǹܺõˡ
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Ȼԡ
ôһǿ˺ȴֹ¶alphaҲǼΪ棬Ļм;塣
ǶǷ࣬ҲӦúúûȥ


77

룬þò
л˹ٰЦǰӭӣһδԷʲô仯һԿŵ佻̸Լǿ𴦡
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ޱǺʹһƯ
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ѪͳôҪ𣿡
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78

۲͹󣬵л˹ٰȥ̸ֻ˽´С
ҵĳԱ٣ɼ㽪Ѿ͵˻飬Ǹġºݰ񲻽Ϊļ壬ԴѪͳԱʵomegaѪͳϵĵطΪ͵ȵĴڡ
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79

ҹ䣬±סԷһСͬסһ䡣
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Ůͷվڽǰ͸Сý̲ס磺ôͻȻͰְ˯ţ
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𣬽̧ۿԷֻǽЦĿǡ

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ȻԷô˵ˣ±ҲһԿˡŵǰ˼ŴݵЦԷ
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ٴκһΪƬķ⣬ЩԷƬ
һ̣ܵԼëȻ䴥УͺĳҰ޶Ϊĸо


80

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һ¥ǽһα̸ˢԼ֪
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һ׶ˮ¶ûзӦġ
Ƚ»Ѿһ԰ȫĵطǽϴΪһԱȽˣոǰ㱼ȷʵǲൽˡ
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ү㲻صģҪɢֻǰĽңǻ齨һȫµĽҡ
¶һ߽Ȼ²ϣ¶ѹȸǺԴڵģһˣԹη塣
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¶ֹڽףѹڽ¶˵omegaνķڣomega㣬Ҳܱalphaƿصԭ򣬶ү㲻ҪЩ㡣
¶Ļк壬µȭͷ΢գеΰסǾŻʲô˼
һΪүһͲзڵˣıҲ
˵ĻԼЩ˹·ԷǱץ֮ժ塣ժϢصȱʧڵıҲ֮ʧalpha֮ҲҲû϶һ˵޽ӽbetaϢصĸоóٶۣomegaҲҲӭνķڣı䵭
һϴȥǸΪ
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¶ĻҲʮּᶨԴˣо˽ʮ꣬Ҳﱸʮ꣬үϲomegaĴʱӰκһ˶Ҫ󡣡
Ϊʲô
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¶೰һЦalphaҳɹˣɹҲһalpha
¶Щɲ⣬ɺȻԷټ˵ȥ
ˣүʱˣȥϢɡ
¶˵գһԱ˼ˣ۾ٴαһڲ±ƬأصԼǼ䷿


84

ڴϣͳǿǹϲжµϴڹ۲˺һ󣬽ȷԼ뷨
˿е͵ȸǹ֧õĲȫһϱߵĻƶͬ
뵽⣬Ҳ֮ǰû͵֮ʱȸǰǹʱҲȷʵ˵ԼǴӾõǰǹ
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룬Ϊǡ
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п϶鱻ˡ
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֮ǰҪô͵飬ķֿˣŷԼʱ޿̶Է
ǰǸalphaǸalphaһ
¶ĳȷʵ԰omegaalphaǲȫomegaԸ¶뷨̫ڼˣʱóѣֺڵʲôֻһˡ
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еĿǸalphaڵĿӿȣҪalpha
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µʶģԼıĵطܸİȫУµײײ˷ĽԼȫӰ

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ʶԶȥ֮䣬ºǰӰȴû㳹˹ȥ
¶õϢ֮ٸϵ˹Ѻµķ⡣ĳѾסˣomegaϢظŨȴĳλalphaζʾŶλomegaȨ
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һԵ»شѾһʱүƼȫǹomegaͨʮֻͣܵת

¶վ⣬ǰյķţ̵ͬҰްһ˼Ƭ̣ŻڵλҪ

칫ҵű죬⴫һİ
У˵ҡ
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һЦһ߳Լڣ¶ؿڵͷ¶˵һƬ·ӣ˲ЩȤҿѸһ

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85

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87

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˵գ¶ٴ˽µ۾²¶ͻȻıľԭ򣬵ܲµӦ߷ʲôʼż
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Ҳ˵ʱѰǵʱҲȫпڰ۲콪º׼¶żҲȫпǶԷΪ֮
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88

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89

үѾôˣȥһ㶼
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ҹɫŨ˯߲ȳƣؿڵѩںڰȴҫڻĿڡ


90

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ףôʲôôܻǰ˵飿
µЦڻ谵Եø죬ֿԿ϶²ʲô
İɣû˻֪㵱ĸ׵顣
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в˶ѣƬ̣ͻȻֺݺݵ˽һơһƣȴ¶һ˿΢飬ȻۣҲֻ۶ѣûж˺
Ѿˡǰڽǰʵ
ףⲻ㡣
»תͷ䣬׽͸ֻ˵ӦҰףѾʲôˡ
̶ʱ䣬ҾѾߵͷˡ
ӡңҿԱסҡ
ǽ´΢飬Էһŵ
ڳĬޱȣ֪˶ãҪĴ𰸡
񰵵ڽ뿪֮ǰͻȻ˽һ⣺ףص㻹Ϊĸomega𣿾ĸ׶ʼalphaomegaҲпܵģ𣿡
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¶Ҳֻǿһ۱űҪŽ뿪
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¹۲˵ı飬öһ㣬Ⱥ¶ȷʵʶǰΪĳЩйһЩϵǺĹϵ
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·ȵʱ򣬽¹ײ˶Էһ¡˲¶飬ܿһ£Ӧʱ򣬽ѾԶˡ
ȿŽʧҹɫеıӰòſع
̧֣ģֻһöӡǵѫºȻУ˸ŽϵȨ
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91

ڰ¶õӡ֮󣬽¼Ǳ̨Ϊ˽²п¶顣ԷҲǲٵȴˡ
±ᱻһµĽңΪԼ˼һߣ±Ƴȥշĵһͷ
ٽ֮ǰ̸¾ʽµ뷨
ʱڵĴߣŴҡҷ֦ɢеĹӰ䣬ɵЦһʮͻ
壬⣬ҺܾȣϾalphaΪalphaomegabetaм䶼һ޷Խĺ蹵˭Ҳ޷ԷĴ˭Щ˼
µü˼һһϤ֣·𣿡
˻һalphaԭƽԤ֮еĳһ˿ѺۣѾܾûȥԷˣ˿̽һԺ˲ĸֳԷӰ
ԭܲµ֪Ӧ÷ֲʷ֣ѡôһ·
µĻᣬȴأЩ˵ģƫִ£㲻ԸΪϴȥԼıǣѡԶʧȥڡ
Լomega¶ԷȴҲҪҲԶܲϢء
屻£˿̲Ϊ˲пδѵ⽪壬ֻ˶Էһ䣺ûվ·ĽǶȥӦף·ķǵģСʱ۸˼ǳЩҲδˣ㣬ٴμ㲻˵һ仰ֻЦԶ㡣
ԼСΪϤЦһƺٺʲˣڽǰԷȴ¶ǰսթһ档
ԣȥǸɡ
鶼ֻ·˵һ仰һֱڵ㡣

µĻһһ飬ȫ˽ĶУƬ̣¶һĨʹֽ࣬ȭˣ硣
˭˵ˡ
⻰ȻתŽ¶һĨŵЦλߵĴݣŵأ壬һвŸոտʼ

ҵû뵽ȥ
ǰ˹΢ǵ飬ɵþЩЦ㿴ȥܵҡ
ô𣿡˹εĹһЦ˿̵ЦݶٶЩӲ
ӦøһŶ԰һ¶ļƻɹˣalphaĵλᱻѹȥ࣬ŵʱޱ򰲵ҲĸһЩ
˵ʵ˹һеԭҲΪޱ򰲶ѡ˿⻰ɽ˵˹ȴܾòζ
ʱлᣬԺޱ򰲵һׯ԰С߼Ӧûܸˡ
»ϣ˹ǰƭף͵ɣʱ˹
ڽҪҵһ̣º˹˸
˹ɫƺںԼΪȴԼȻѾ׷ֱ治ˡ
ⱲӲûôϹ̨һصеĸһ˵ŶǼٵģҲֻܾԼĽűϡ
׽²ϤֻѪʱſ˸档¶ƺûأһȦûпӰǸȷԼ뷨
뵽⣬ֻЩ֡¶ǶɵԸ񣬾æϻۿⳡ
ǣǱʲôסˡ
һжֻǽµĲѡûȽ°ǵҪֿˣֻһСҡ
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ôֻˣ
һҽѯʣȴֻһЦһ˹ȥⲻ˵㶫𣿡
ʲô
Ǽʿҽɻ󣬽±ǣ۽ޣջۡ
ţͻȻǹϾȽתͷȥʱǼҽԱѾǵز𡣶ǸȴһΣվͦΣЩ˺󻹴ݲļϵĻң漴ǹŤͷŽ¼Цүûŵɡ
û
ɫ侲ǰˣʵǵģ
ǣҲǡȻȥɽȴܴӸո˵սȥԷǸݽɫ
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š
¶һĨ飬漴ǹʾ⽪¶Ͱ
үǸֻίһˡ˰Ž´Ͱǻûڣ¾Ѿԥ˽ȥ
㣬ʱӦúܽȡ֪ΨһһӳȥĻᡣ
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Ƚµ࣬˷ȽԣڽľͰӺ֮ǰֶ˰ǹ£үõģС߻𰡡
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ͣ£顣˽Ϥ²üϾǶרѵģöԸ
٣ֻһ࣬ǹָңҺܺ°˵Ļ𣬺ںͼ
κϾӲԣ˳Ĳɵþʶĸеǹšһ̣Ųֹͣ˵Ѿˡ
ͷĸӱ򿪣˲Ҫǹһֻȴ˽ҲڿԷһ˲ͣϾҪ֡
¾
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ţ¾ڷһɫͰڼⷭһȦջ̧֣ͷһߵҡҡͷ
¾ĵλͣȻ˵ûУ˱Ȼŵġ
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¾ǿ鿴ҲôɾĨǲһ£Ҳû˵ʲô
˵¾뿪ϴŽһ·ȥ
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⻰һͣ£ɫɵø
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𣬺ͼ֮һͳԸУȴн¸ӽ
뿪ŹһֻؽڷִͰߣ»̧ۣĿҹ˼ݡ
Alphaҫ۵Ŀܴͨ͸ͬʯ˫пԼǾŵģ
¡
AlphaĿڣҺ㡣


92

¡
alphaԼһֻ̣õָⶼɵòæջߣƬ˾䣺ңתȥ
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ϵȽ·ӦѾˡ˻УŶԷͰб˳
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ࡣ
ԼomegaĹǼܣ֪ԷܵĿ࣬ܿˣ¡
AlphaеĽԼŭչ¶omegaǰ
¶Ұĺܴ󡣡
ͨ죬ܿ췴Ӧ˹ɹˣҲ̫
Լûз֣Ȼڰο
˵ûĵĻ¡
һЦ»øʲôҶ̫ں
˵Щ춼ʲô
ֻǶݵԼһ´֮Уű㿪ʵǸ˭ô֪
˵רŹӶֱѾˣֻǵһʦԭͬңomegaѵһ١
ĸ˽¡
ɻ̧ͷomega˭
ģ˹͡
ĻͻȻ˽Ļ䡣ȻǵãϾǵĻǿ˹͡Ƶġ
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̾˿Ƭʵô֪ҽᶯ
²һжɺϣȻԷܰѿͽ¶ǸҽԺܼʱȳǾʹһ¶಻֪ߡ
׶ġ
һ֪סˣǱ㽫ȫ̹˳ҸöмͶλܣǸԺ󲻻ˡ
⻰Ӳһ̧ۿŵȷ϶Էûƭȷϣüͷ΢лãֺܿʧ
ҵĴҪҪԡ
еĻţԼƫִŻҪµȫա
Ϊ㣬Ҳһδ¾ȻĸоǰalphaĻûʧһ̣ԷǸǿ˾ηĹֻµalpha
ûȵ¶΢Цȴֻеomegaٴοڣð֪ģҵжңȻҷҲпܵġ
áɫ΢һ̲סͷ˶Է
˲һȴѾȻġ

䣬˵˵ڽǳ
˵¶һʼĴѾˣʧٵ̸ȴû뵽ͺͶ̸ˡ
˵ǽԶû뵽ģ˶¡
˵ǹ¶Ҵߵģ
ȫǣû뵽¶ࡣ
ҡҡͷû뵽ԷȻǼҵҽԺĻ֣ʶΣգѾˣҸɴల˿ȥ㣬Ҳ֪ͨ¶ļƻ1Ӷһбţ콫ǿ˾ţÿлὫ
Щ췢һжΪգҪһжһӦôߣȻֻеҲԶԶеģԼжҲܹؼ
ҺãomegaǸߡ
Ҳˡ½һж˼һ飬Ȼڣ¶಻ܻļƻһӦþýҶˡ
ûпܳɹ
ͻȻ̧ЦЦ϶һĺܲҡ
Ž¶ЦɶЩ˵ʼϵǸѹֵ˵ģ˿̵ĽȴѾȥ˵СǣʵԼȫչ¶˳ҫɢŹģõֻǿ˱ҲŲۡ
֪omegaҺãѾȵˣ˭Ҳıʯ
¡
ִomegaߣҲȥalpha壬ĸܵԷϢصĲһ㣬УսѲ
±ܵʱ䣬alphaǺµģǽǵģǻֲ̿ģ˲Ҫȥomega
ҺǳǳռϷ磬ôȥҲѾ˱ıԵ
ûȥǰǿǿֻΪomegaչֵġ
ôˣµһοǿң֮ǰ˵ҪʱԷûֹ̿׵ķ˿alphaȷԼomegaѾصߡ
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Ҫ£ڡ
»ᣬο£һֱó˿ȴǵһôţһֱڡ
ϸһ£±סԷվǸǿҢηalphaԷֻǸС
뵽⣬ЩˣalphaϱһڣŰοһȥԷ
¶˵ĲԣںalphaʹomegaĹߣĳ̶ֳϣ䷴omegaalpha
ơ
˶ԷȻԷ˵ѾȥˣֻҪ»ڣƱԶûȥ
ֻסԷĲŶԷԼܣϵĶסȴһֱŹ˵Ц
һֱڣӽҲһֱߡomega˵


93

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·ܵĻһ䣬һȴǽ߷ȫһ飬ѱˣǽұˣֻߡ̸Ҳˣ
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·켫ˣܿһ֪㻹ôвˣ
С˵ҪСӵܲѧһѧ
һ˵һһ껹ϸ·չʾһȦۣǲǺܿɰ
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Ϊʲô·СŵģЩͽСʶ·Ȼȥ޺ʵȴǸƲ硣
Ӧ˵Ҿûö
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ȷʵǸalphaѾ˺ܾá
ȷԼûԭ¶ԷԷ˵һǸ
ˣȻˣһԸɡûͶԷἰԼǰʱ䱻ܵ飬һвСѡ
˵⣬µü۸ºЩԺСһ𳢳Ĳˡ
ɣĲǲ𣿡ԼСĶ·ǼΪ˽⡣
û뵽⻰ȻЩȣŤͷ˿һֱĴһԵ亽ͷɻɣǰ컹š
㣿·ı˲¶һ˿ڰӶ񣬿ĳλΪԼſҲʲô˵
⻰·û˵ڣϾܿóС
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üһ飬Ƭ̣üۣ⣬ȿⳡϷҾͺ͵һ¡

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С߳ŽС˹ϻܲûӦԷֻɶԷԼסС߱ϰߵڽϰһڡ
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̶һʱ䣬¾ѾȫȻģˡ
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·Ĳסпʱ򣬵ȴͻȻ𣬡Ҫܺ˵
ѾõĲˣ˵⻹öл¡Ȼͽʶ꣬λ·ٻЩɵ
ȻԼСı仯붼Ϊǰλalpha
ڵ·Щֻ˵һľȴδ¾Ȼλһalpha顣
Ҫϼ꣬·ֻһеЦȴʵˡ
·ʶˣ
ţһԵalphaȴٴοڣɣ˭һʡ
·˭ƶϺ꣬һӱԷҪԼԼŵˣʱ۾
ϾĳǷСǺ·ԥľͰѽ¸ˡ
ĳλڸСʾܲĿ϶СʱΪͼӴ׺alpha˵˸飬ͼṩ
alphaƬ̣Ǿܾˡ
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·ʱпǧһأȴ뽪Ѿ˵ǣС߳˹·һ˲¶һ˿裺
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û˵ʲô·ʶ¶һĨƴЦ
¼Ϊ˽·Էֻ껵µʱŻˣʱĵ׸ȷ
Էһ͵˵ʲôйԼ顣
̧ۿ˵һۣԷǱ·࣬ɫһ䡣
Ȼ
ĸпȴûеԷ
ܲ³ԷʲôӦǺ·̽һԼǰ飬ϾǶ˵ǰ뱲Ӷûһ㽻
ԣҲ֪ԷĹȥ
ûǶʮԷʲôҲһռǿˣԼalpha֪Էȫ
ҸʱͶԷúһˡ



94

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Ȼûж¶࣬ǽû뵽ġ
¶ﻹǲ֪ĵơ
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ȴǷ롣
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˼ǣڵǳ֣
̧̧ۣȴֻalphaҡҡͷڵ֡
ң
¶ʱЩ죬һʼֻ뿴Ϸѡ
ԣֻ˵ڵ¶¶
ϵ¶ĨЦڲɵӣǺܿͻᷢ㲢ûдңʱ¶ļƻͻա
alpha˵׵ģ
һºܲ⡣
Ϊʲô¶һalphaҪѹƬҢalphaǲġ
¶˵Щƻ󣬽µһӦıĳ̶ֳϣ¶alphaĵⲢomega١
Ϊ壬֪ŵĴʼ֮һҡʷ˹𣿡
һ䣬µͷǼ˵Ǿʷΰһ˾ְڼ䣬ҢҲǴް̣ҢĽ
Ȼأڰҡʷ˹ǰ뱲ӴŲŲĶ˵ķṦΰȷʵһӢֵۣ˾
û֪˾ʵһomega
ࡣ
omega
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omega˾ʼǼٰbetaľţֻǺԽԽߣһʱ˷ٰbeta£ʱİѾ˾ŸλҲû⵽ķ顣ֻȴ˸дˣû˳ϰһomegaҲû˻һomegaȻ˻Ի͵ҫ
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¶˵Ļ˵֮ܳɹֻΪǸalphaѡ
¿뵽Է롣˶˾֪һӢۣȴû˸ҳ϶Էһomega
ܿЦһ档
¶ȴ֪ࡣ
˿Ź㳡ϵ˾ĵ¶ΪһĻ
Ҳֲŭ
޷ͬܣֻҲƫִ˵ز
ˣ
omegaԸĵһ䣬ɽȴǹϵҡҡͷ
ôܺڣȻģ޷ͬ
»ߵ鷿һ䣬ֻһ壬ȴöӣаŪºǰҺ񣬺ܼˣ޲ҪͬھҲԼ·һ·ߵ¶಻omegaһж̫ڼˣͼȴһԭomegaϡΪǷһ㵼omegaµĵλȴʵĴڸλϡ
£ǰ㣬ڵ㣬㡣
ӷαϣĿȴ¹ǰº͡Ƭ̣ڽµע£̹ȻһЦϲ㡣
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ʱתµҲǻΪ̤չݵľٶȻһ

½ӷ£ĿŶԷûңڻ

شĺܿ죬ҲΪԡתͷ⣬ʣһӦû͹һȥ֮ǰҶûġ
µһ˲䣬Ұʱһҫ۵ĳأԴ˱ȫĿ⡣Ҳһ˹ԭֵĶ
¡
һ䣬üۺЦǴδйķɣˣܿͻкճʱһ𿴡
²ֻߵ˵࣬˳Ŀһ⡣
ճ΢ӳǴŢ֮֮ϣһȡůӵ˵¶ȡ


95

ȥһ¶ࡣ
Ҫ̸С¶Ҳͬ˽µ
ʱһμ¶࣬ԷĿ⾼ɹƣڸǲ˵ġ
ǽ³ŶԷȰ˾ϢϢˡ
ǵģ¶ѾΪ˾ŵ˾ĳ˵ҲԼүүĸ߶ȡ
Ȼһزһҫ
үʦڵңϢ
Ѿƣˣ¶ɺ˺ӣϾһǿߣүͲٽץ𣿡
ڲץңѾ֪ҲڵĽңץҺôܻܵ飬ڵܲ
ڵν¿ĺ¶ռϷ磬ʵҲѾǿ֮ĩһͻᵹ
үҪһʧϣǱʲôó¶˽ºһյ˵ôһ䡣
⻰ȴЦˡ
¶࣬һҺҾԻͬ⣬Ѿˡ
̧˫ޱ棬˲̫ڼˣһҪ㲻omega㲻һomegaŵĸŻһеԵɹһķڣΪֻųŻᱻʱһ
ǲᱻڶá
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ˣ¶࣬˵Ѿ˵ˣҲ㣬ⳡ϶䡣»ãʾԷԼҪ뿪ˡ
üؾһűܱߵ׼һͬͽ뿪Ͼڳǰ˵Ƿʲôŵľ͵ʲôȥ
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±¶໺ͷβ¶ûаԼʲôҲȷʵûеָ߶ȡ
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¶ͻȻЦһͺʲôȤĻûκˣֻͽǡ
¶˵⻰±뿪ˡ
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ĳ̶ֳϣ⵰ݺ͵ġȴû뵽²ûɣסŶԷׯ԰ŶԷǮһ룬µЩװǵûʲô
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ʮΪһλߣȴеȥ룬ƬҰ֮У¶ȼԼĹ
ҺܺûЩȥ㣬Ǹڸλ֮µ㡣
¶ϧǣµֱһǡ
Σô꣬ڿԷĵһ۱㳹Ϊ˶ԷͽӴ˼룬Ρ
˵˵ţalphaȴͻȻ˵ЦϽɻ飬̹ϵؽ͵Ǹֻһ뵽бŵ̲סϲ
⻰¶ʱһƤֻõԽԽ컬ˣÿÿȴ̲סẦߡ
Ͼ֮ǰû˺˵㻰
ˣȹʱСһȥȫҸɡ
ڵ飬ܿӦ¡˵ֽţͺ񵱳ǰ㡣ºֵݵϵһ̣˱㽫һ𣬴˺۷ʲôǶ

ֹ˰£ҳŮսҼѫͬ˾¶Ҷţ¶׽һ־磬ԴɳŮȽӹܣҵĹҲ״ơ
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ҵûȻҡ
¶࿴ǰ׷alphaȻе¶һЦݣһΪǽү
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йгоɹʱ˼оơ
Ϊʲô
¶ͫΪƣЩǣ˿ȴΪalpha˵ⷬʱͨ͸ЩǲϿҵ𣿡
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ǰalpha˹ܿ͡һҪ·ûʵʩȴֻǰalphaͻȻ¶һĨγ΢ЦеĽ±øЩ̧۳˹͡˾䣺»زˡ
൱ԭ˿˹͡Ĺʧŵomega뿪˹͡˿ŤͷȥԼalphaˡ
ȴ϶Էѵ⻹ƤЦģҴˣֻû뵽ô
ⲻϻ˭Ⱦ
˹͡ûðɣȴһһעȴԷ˻УԷҧסԸеЦ˱ҿϵĻ
Ѥҵõ廨Ħ˹͡еһܿС


96 

Ⲣǽµһƣһؽȴʹ࣬ĸоԼһΪůϤ˱ڻУֱ˳С
ʶס˶ԷĲ
ԭҲܼ򵥣öԷϺ㣬ϲ
һٶalpha˵һĥƽδճģֻǿŶԷȫǽԼڡȵıϢļϣƽĶĥ
ɫȥƽջҪƽ
һĻǰ濪У˼Ƭ̣ŵһ䣺ˣҪͣ𣿡

⻰˶٣ȷʵ峺һЩ򴽣alphaɤżѹ֣ͣ
˵⻰ȫΪ½µľٶѾЩ˻𣬵ԼڱԷһ⿪Ƭ̣omegaǱѾ֮ϣһſŵݮ졣
ԣɶԷôȥĳλֻԼҪǰѸˡ
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µĻǰߵһ飬ԾֲһšֱҪ͵ÿЩͻׯ԰
ߵĵ˽⻰ȴüһ˽ģɾüΪϡ棬̲סֹ˹µ°ͣĦƬָ̣ļỬϸۣŶԷã飬е˯ʵСè
omegaȴûСèǰɣϷɵЦ󵨵ذalpha·
ҲҺãԼӱȫǹǰǽׯ԰
һͣñ³ǲɢׯ԰ڵˣ˽µϣ㱧ŻڵĽ¾ֱ߽ڡ
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Alpha⻰еҲֵס
˶ˣǰomega֮䣬ʵǸߣҲĸԸԷ
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Ժȣڵʱ򡣡ҲᵽԼomegaƵĿֲȷÿһضԷƵʱԼֳ
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·̧۵ڣѾû壬ıǶ˵ûãҾͲomegaҺûйϵˡ
ڵһbeta
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ƬĹõģ徻Ӧûϲ
»ڣɫҡڣѻĲµĹأõɫΪءԼʲô飬δλǿalphaͷβҲֻ֪һй飬ȴû뵽Է˴Ķ͡
ǰ˵ȤҲҪЩ飬ȴʧա
AlphaһԿڵɤתˮһһΣ˵ԭһߵġ
ǸֿѣΪ¶;ʶȴ˽Ȼͬĵ·
ԷҲԼܰһѡ
ûлػǣСߣƬ̻еĻݸŮȥŵĹǰ
С߹ɵĵ˵ͷűذ׵İٺϻǰĹǰĹϲδ֣˭Ҳ֪ǵ³ߵĵ˭Ҳ˺һǰŶԷ
ԷŮϵĴ˿ƮƮմ֪Զվǣĵطʮָۣͼڵ˸һ˿һƻ˵ָ⡣
Ϧ貵Ļƻ裬ձڸ̨֮ϣҲվһ֪С
һ磬ļ紺
end
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