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1 ʼޣ

ҺãҶ
޳ɿĿŰͦɵվڽ̨ϣ΢ͷĮݿȥܲýӽ
µѧ̧ۿ˽̨ϵʦָ˸λãȥá
ҶΧĿ⣬Ѱλǽϵĺɫб˷ϣȻó°ĵʦΡ
޳ָãҶ΢΢ƫͷװ˿
б󷽣һӹķڽ棬һŵĿγԱȣȥǱָһ
ǿϣһУˣ΢΢ͷںķ˿סĶ䣬Сɵıƺڿʲô⡣
ƺǲҶĿ⣬ͣĶ΢΢˲ͷҶһ˫ƺǱǹġ
Ҷﲻ㲻գ˵Ŀôˡ
ƺһ£գգ۾СĳҶ˵ͷһòɬЦݡ
Ҷ΢ɲ㶣ͻȻһĨЩ㱡عջĿ⣬תԼڿ޳ָϴŵϸ۵׻ް
̨ϣһҵҶﳳѣ˫üĽ𣬳Įݣȥˬ˼㡣
ιǱߵģû˯𣿡Ҷĵ
˯ĵطһŲҪĻӣӵϷҲڷźܶӣûע⿴濴˯
Զһ뿴վߵĸߴǿ׳һȻۿҲӢ
վұߵҲһֻΪһƤȴرףСС;Ѿܿ̽󳤿ľɫƯĲˡ
ʱߵһֹұϸһֻֽı˫ϣһܵģ
ⳡһ֪ʲô˼
Ҷͻʹ˾ܵ˾ţұߵܿͷӦ˹
㶣Ľƿһ̵ܵҶš
㣬ҡ
СηηĶҶһֻ۸С򣬿ġ
ҲعǲڵĻҳһЩҵ·˫ֲ嶵΢΢ͷĿҶ
Ĳ۵Ķҵ¶ҹܣš
磿ʶҶﵭĴ˸Ƿֱչ˸һ˯ֱһƹ̨ȥ
ҶҲǽĸҶĲ粽룬ٲȻǽ˾ݡ
վסüõĿҶ
ߣҲ鷳¡ȵĻ˻֣ڸҶ˵һ˫۾ȴǽĶǸ겻š
ɫһ䣬Щ̧סҶ½ǣָⷺס
Ҷûǰȥƺ뵽ʲôҧŴɿ֣ɫҰܡ
֣ЦЦֵܲԽѡ
˵߹Ҫְ̧ԼȴһֻͻȻ޳ֱ۴ȥ
߰ɣҪϿˡ
ҶﵭĻｫСĵһɫѿɫ㶵ġŶһ󣬸æͷҶ̨
СӣڵģǱŭ̧ͷСĵĿ˿ҶͼһνӣȫûĻ
㡭죬Ҫ˵ʲôϳǽתǰתѧ
Ļû˵꣬ͱҶˡ
ȻȥϿΰɣеˡҶʹۣĵ
˵ûЩЩֹ壬Ŷֱҵķȥ
У԰һ䣬Ҷֱڲݵϡ
ϲɹܹһǿڡһеͻȻҶǼֲһҲûػôá
úȻ̧ͷĮıɢȥ𽥱ùŹΪʲôһǾ;ú֣ҡɾ𡭡
ۿ鼮չϵͳĮĵ
˭ͻȻǿſһԼϲ鼮ῪİɣҶɫЩѿ
֮ǰҲǸֱƵ־꣬ȫϵͳˡ
ûҶǴԽģԭΪˣүȻָһ
Ȼ˸绻˸壬ɺôҲֻⱲӰȵĹȥ
ֻû뵽ʹɣĪͱϵͳĶˣǿƸ˸˻ؼңʧ
ʵڵ粢ʲô磬һ鹹С˵硣
һж˵֮󣬾Ͷһ飬úõĿ
ڴⱾС˵ԺС˵ݼֱۣ
̿ȥϵͳȴ˵ⱾС˵йأǵñֱ꣬꣬Ĩɱ
û취ҶֻܱԼС˵
С˵СǿռСǽ壬һǼ紩Խomega
峤񣬲֪ʲôomegaԽʱҲ˹ϢءⱾС˵趨ϢصζЧɶҩһɱ
ԣھòϢζļӳ£ˡ
˲ȡᣬʹһЩֶ塣ɴС˵Ϊ̬飬ֱǿȡ͵̬١ϴԼ
ϵͳ´ҪҶｫЩڶܵ
С˵˸ԾʹһڣҶҪǿ϶ôߣˣǵóѡ
ԣϵͳ´ԺҶľʰ˰ӹϻڵѧУѧ
ڣھһ顪ǿȡ
ǿ߾ѧУУԣոҶ
ǿȵǣʵǸո̨Сһꡪ塣
ȫĸոտƪҶҲɹĴǱܿ˵һǿڣһõĿˡ
С˵ľ黹ǸҶӰ졣
ãиʧ裬ɰʱ״·֪Ҷţϵͳʱĵ
Ҷһʱʵô˵
ʧЩ䣬ȻԼҪʱг֡
ϵͳͣҶ۾һ̫Ҫⶫˣ
ҵ˽ͷ󻼵İ취Ҷࡣ
ָһǿڵʱ䣬ʱ仹Щģ
ǣҶѵõһУ԰еʱ⡣
ǿ֮⣬ȫͲģΪѧУҲҶ
ϴҶĺ£رԸһֵġ
Ҷﶼ¾ˡ
¿죬ʦ˵¿ԺҶվŶͻƻƵĳȥ
Ҷһ룬ͱ˽סˡ
ȵȡ
ȥڲ΢죬ƫͷҿҶССĵ
ҶͷǰͻȻ׷ƯֵСǣֻĺðףƤҲۣȥָӦͦá
ڲ˲ǺûϵҶｫĿƿĵ
ּǰ½ȴ˳סˡ
ѭȥһֻϸ׵С½ǡ
ͷһ˫۾·̺ǹƯ
ȥڣңһŹġ
ɿֵ֣ͷСεĵǸԲ𡣡
ҶͻȻԼееɰ
õǸûڰ㡣
ֻҪؼҶѣҶﰵš
ûٹסǣҶʵĳŲķȥ
ԥĿ˿ҶԶȥıӰ˫ֽһ𣬰һҧҲȥ
ΪĻҶﱻ۸ĳû뵽ʵȴǡǡ෴ĵʪģһĴУѧڵϣһ/ơ
岻ŵĵɴ۾ٿشһϤֿµ
Сһڿİֱж𣿡
Цһܽ
Ҷϴ֣תͱײ˸һĵЩ궯
˻ʲôζѵС˵йᴩȫĵɶҩϢصζ
ɫ΢䣬һסӣһֽ島
ѯʣͼţסɨſڣҶ￴ȥʱȻ
ʱվڲſڵ￴ȥľϵЦһ٣ϵǼͲ֮ǰСӡ

ɫѿߵŵˣּϵҶﱧһ𣬸ŭա
Сӣ֪֪ҵһʲô³ĵ
ҶҪ뿪
վסȻңŭ
Ҷ廻˸λãԼһֻűӣбɵһжķԣĵӾ翴˰ɡ
ϵɫһ䣬˲䱩ŭȭͷͳҶ
ҶЩſűӵֱ֣Ӹϡ
ԭҶһɵĴʦ֣ȻִѾû࣬ҲһЩֵֹҶǶЩȤɶڹǺܸȤġ
ԣ㻻һ壬ЩʽЩӲɶԸһǴ´ˡ
Ƭ̣ͱſڵء
ҶҲ̫֣ϾѧУҲûޣΪƵƵƣܶ֡
㵽ΪֹûȥǷŭĿ⣬ˬ뿪ˡ
ôˣܿ𣿡ҶƳվԱ߽Ų죬ϲɫʵ
Ųһͣ˵ͷ
ܿɶ񡣡
ҪʵޣҲô۸ԱȻġ
̫ˡ
ʶҶ߿˿
ҶＸ˲伱æ˺ü֮ľ˲һء
һ㶣ҶŷӦԼղŵĶЩˡ
߻ûȥ壬ŤͷһߵĿ
˼ղؿеƣ߹ȥʿҶ
֪ŲţԼЩվסŸ
û뵽ȴ͵͵һš
ҶתͷͼͷҶĽǶȿֻܿǷŹĺڷ˳ڶԣ촽ЩƲ֡
еͱȽСʦʦǣϲ˵Ƶ
ôţҶʶ
̧ѾĲеǰͷϵĺڷָйȻܺá
Ҫ̫ࡣҶ
ֻһ£ͷˡ
ɿŻס˵壬ҶӾЩΣԼܲס֡
ȿȣȻȥɡͷ˿ȣҶЩΰĵ
㲻ȥϿ𣿡עȻתơ
ȥˣе顣Ҷ˵ų˰֣ͲĴҴҵ뿪ˡ
˻ʲôϢ̫ͷ



2 
ջؼ
ͻѾһڣһҲûг֡
ģҶĿ⣬˼Ҳʵ
ܹϢصӰҶҲܱܵ״̬Ȼǹעġ
ϾǣӣڶǿȵҲҪˡ
ģΪڶǿȵڸպϢرĹؼ㡣
仰˵ʱôϢش󱬷ķڡ
ڵϢй¶Ҳ˵һ㡣
ɹϢй¶ѾôҪ󱬷ǡ
Ҷ˫ֱͷڲݵϣЩ˼ڤζ
ǳϢصĿͷĲұ֤ʱϢûܲ
ңʱһʹ࣬Ҫôأ
Ҹˣ
вУ˵ģ˵ġ
βܣ
Ӧûĥɣ
Ҷһͷ
ι˵ɣô죿ϵͳ
¡ϵͳĵ
ҡ
Ҷֿ̰ϵͳҶ˼ڤ롣
ԼϡϵͳͻȻٴγ

Ҷ𾪡
Ҳϲˣ
ϵͳٴûҶü˵ʲôȴҲ˵ˡ
ϵͳĻŵˣ˺ҲһȻС˵ȷʵǾúܲڡ
Ҷṳ̂Ҳû˽ȻʲôҪһһ϶ܡ
ˣһһɡ
߼ŸɫҶʵУ԰Ĵϡ
ʱԵСȴȻԼ
ҶŲһ٣̾˿Ųһ˽ȥ
ǸйأСʦС͸ͼ˼룬һЩ飬ԲܣɾǿƲסԼ
СһȺͷŮΧһﲻͣ໰ֻͣĶš
Լơˡһû˻ȥĻ
Ҷɫһڸ
ȴһ棬Ůȫͣ˶
ŮǿҶЩҡ
ڣ뿪ȻҾ͸ʦŵ
Ů״һɢ
ߺҲ¶˳
ҶĵɨȥĿٿһ
һСӰһ£ͷյУͰ͵ģЩࡣ˳ںڵķ˿˳ֱ£һͺ
塣
Ҷ߹ȥͷİ
ûҲû̧ͷôűסԼ
УŶҪˡҶ
ãһϸССţߡ
Ҷüһ𣡡
һҪһֱڿܣ֪ǲǰͻȻ泯Ҷ
ǰҶЩȲסӴӶȥֱ̧λס壬ֹˡ
˻
Ҷﵹһһʯͷĺϡ
ԼѪˣҶš
尲ȵſӵҲ
һϤİϮҶɫһ䣬˲ʹˣ壬Ҫ
Ҳŵˣ˫ֳڵϣǿӣҶһǣû°ɣ
Ҷﱾߴ𿪣ĿĻҲ˻ȥ
Ͽ廹ǰװƯƯ꣬ʱͱһ˹ȵģ
һСһһģǺƤ˫ҲǺģеף۾˵ˣ׵þң۽ǻۡ
Ҽˡ
屾ЩĵҶֱֱĶԼɫ΢뿪ϥ¡
ҶʹΪŵϢЩ
һжûпǿңĪЩŭǼõﱻ˴ݻһķŭ
ɷŭʱӦ
վҶߵǰ֡
ߣؼҡ
廹Ǹװӡ
ߡ
Ҷ￴ӣ֪Ϊʲô˵ĸоЦҲǱһȺŮ۸̫ھǲҶ
Ҷﲻֱͣһѽ
ȵȡ循ǹ
ȣٵȾͳȥˡҶ˵ţǰ
뱳˰ĺ󱳻أϼˡ
ԼߡСĵ
ߣҶͣ½Ų
ġͷ㿪ҶĿ⡣
ҶüҲǿֱӽ˷
ϵУҲûкҶԹԵĵͷͳȥ
Ҷ￴ЩСıӰָ˶̧ȥ
һǰһĳУţЩ̽ĿҶɫ糣ֻΪ׽弸֣Լ뷨ԹԵǰ档
ѧУǰǸӰԽԽ죬Ҷﲻɽס
ӻؼң᲻ᡭûн꣬ȴǶˡ
ȷҪǻȥˣ϶ᵣĵġ
Ҫǲؼңȥİ
Щã
ȥҼҰɡҶͻȻ
£Ҷ߽䣬ٳʱһɫҽҩ䡣
ЩִٵվţҶｫɫҽҩɳϡ
ţҰҩ
彩һ˲СߵҶԱ¡
̧ͷҪŰɣҩҶɳ
徾˾ϵУЩԥ
ŪҲûϵϴɾС
Ȼû˵Ҷ֪ʲôһڵ
ҧҧ̵Ьɵɾɳϡ
Ҷｫҽҩ򿪣óƿҩóһǩҩˮǩմϡ
ܻЩ̡ۣ
Ҷǩİҩ
ĽǶȿȻǵŵĿҶɿЩ㱣ݿȥЩ䵭һ˫۾ǣģϸ̽ᷢѺ۾ǳĲɫܸߣеѪ
ſ岻ʧ
ۡҶͻȻ񣬸æ۾Щ̡
Һ۾ΧʹǴĻʹɢ˼֡
ˡ
Ҷתսһ˿ڣ۾һֻ޳Ưǽڷǰεܿ۾ͱֻɫָסˡ
ֵָָϣЩգǸطӦһܰŮѰɡ
ˣɡҶｫǩӽͰվ˷䡣
㶵ԺҶָϵָռݣЩ档
Ҷٳʱһɫġ
ˣԼæ
ֱӹŰӳģŵ壬Ͼ￴òƸǲһ
ϸҩҶｫЩƵһߣҩ䣬Լԭĵط·
忴ҶһϵжЩ£ɵ䵽ʱͱЩѪģ˿ŵˡ
Ȼ·ʯͷǺܼģصĿȥѪΪҶ·ʱ̫󣬰Ѹ˿ճһ·Ӳˣ˿ڻЩѪѪһէһЩֲ
˲ô࣬ǩմҩСľͿʼҶϴ˿ڡ
µļЩᶯ
ҶﱻϸĥЩþԸһ㣬
Ҫڴߴ٣Ͳ˿һ˿˿󱳼ϣüһƤ
ҶȻתͼһǩͻ΢΢

Ƭ̵ͣҶµĽתء
òûзӦҶ￪ڵסɡ
Ϊպ壬Ϣ˵ҲǸպˡ
ֱٴζҶһ
һҪ绰˵С
á
ϺҩҶｫ·ãóֻݸ塣
忴ӺǽţҶ²Ӧǵһס
绰ĹҶ߽ʼ
ȻƽʱΪҪѧһ㶼ԣɼﻹǷ˲ʳģҶڻ
ҶϱΪʦֵ֣кܶ໴ʦʦǣĳղ˵Ƕ⣬ҲǾͨ
绰ʱ򣬾ͱվڳҶˣһʲ̫ĻɫΧȹĴʳġ
㻹߹
𣿡Ҷøֵ㡣
šʵʵĵͷ
Ҫæ𣿡ʣôվܾùֲ˼ģҲܲڡ
Ҷû³²Ӧǲᣬϴˡ
ҲûԣҪϴĲ˰ϴȥˡ
˷ֹܿһ˾
ϣЩȵĿҶΪҶӦҲһЩȽϼ򵥵ĲƷ
û뵽ԤϣЩ˿ȥɫζȫһ֪˵湦ġ
ҶһǸŵĹӣûа̻û뵽˽µҶȻôӼҡ
ҶŮѿ϶Ҹ
ţ˼ᡣ
ôˣθ𣿡ڶҶ岻ӣʵ
ûûУܺóԡ񣬼æҡͷ
ԷҲܹԣһСһСڵĳԣвҲֻԼǰǼˣûһ죬óǺܺá
ҶﲻɫĹ۲뵽С˵ᵽǴһƼر𷢴紩ԽģʱһܲӦһУϾδЩƼһж̫ˡ
ҲǸĺӣҶﲻЩͬ壬˲١
극Ҫϴ룬ҶҲȥˡ
һڰ׳԰סҶﲻʲôܵġ
ϴûˣҶӷ߳ﱧһ׻ɫ˯¡
ϴϢɣסҸڣ̺õģҵ˯£ֻһΣ֪鲻⣿
Ļڳȥü
ҡҡͷǰӹ˯£С⡣
ѾˣҲֻ֪Ů֣֮УǸ
ͺãˣڿҲˣҵģûǸɾġеȽʹŰɣٴȥµġҶ
ͷе̣ġšһЩŤ
ĻҪ磬ǶˣåˣģҪѧϰߣ尲οԼ
Ҷ嶼ûҲϣ͸˵˾䡸ͽݡ
վһ󣬱˯£ҲҶԱߵӡ
Ҷһıĵѵߵ̨ͿʼĴȭ
ֱĽƣ䤱ͣ
Ϣصǿ
Ҷֲ̧˲ϵĺһˣͷˡ
ûôҪǱǿô찡
Ҷ·߽ԡңٴΪеա


3 ֮

һҹΡ
ڶ죬Ҷ𴲳ܣʱҲѾˡ
ô磬ô˯һҶ𲱾Ϲŵë˲ϵĺ
ڻߵӡ
˯ţˡ˻ӣС˵
ҶﱻһΣϸ塣
ȥ񲻴ϵѾȥЩȻŻЩۣҲöˡ
˯ҶһǰģҶﴩЩСɴȴԵеմ󣬳ĵԽСˡ
Ϊʹ忴ȥرɰ
Ҷˣסˡ
ȥϴ裬͡ҶתݣҴҵϴ˸ս裬Ľͷøëɣϸɾ·߳ݡ
߽ͣͼѾ˳
˼˳彫еϣ䱻߸¶ϸֱۣҶֻЩ߬½ǡ
û£þˣ𣿡Ҷνİ˰֣ȥлСС⣬׵ζ˱Ƕ˺ʳ
ǵģϵģҵĻڳҶﲢ⣬һҶ£ԼҲתԼ˳
ҶſڵллͣԿ𣿡
ܳĿҶæ֣Եġ
˵ԡԺҶӿԡ
ƳҶüĿչಢûʲôһ
뵽ղҶĵлԼѯʣɶҶøд
ֻǸˣҲ
ķɣҶҲദԽǢȻʱҶĪܾܽãⲢϲҶദ
֪˵ĹϵҲһЩ
ϢҶ弸ûгţ࣬Լҵ
żһҵͣҲͦġ
ԣʱһ»УѧУʱ屾ȸԾһӾ͵
Ҷﵹûôֻ࣬ʱţҲЩ꣬Ϣصûҵ
ΪһĵһСʱ䣬һ绰ȴҶ﷽ҡ
ҶԲ㡭裬ˣ廰Զ׼ĻҺͿǻ
Ҷһæοץ׾ܡ
ʱֻһƾǽ£̧ͷǰϵ˺Ѿֻ࣬ƤܰףһЩ۹ϣټһˮȥġ
塣Ҷ
ãȻ̧ͷҶ۵׵ٴӿ¡
͵˵Ҷﻳô죬ô죬費ˣңҲӦ뿪ҵġ
Ҷ彩˽ܵ˵Ĳ壬ĺ󱳣ʾο
µģҡҶﻰƶⲢ尲ĺܻţֺܲõԤС
һ˺ܾãĵطȥˣһ񣬵õĴ𰸶Ѿ°ؼҡ
ҶԽԽ巵·һֵȺӵĲ֪ڿʲôԼоѵ
ɫʱͱòҰף㶵Ҫ߹ȥͬЩҶסˡ
ȥߣȻؼң˵ѾڼҵˡҶ
û˵ֻǽ˦
λһ㽫ӵĿֵһһĳȥ
Ҷﲻü󣬲סĸԱ߱ܲ·ǵǸ
Ӻ࣬ɣѾΧ˾ߣмžգһƾ֪طʲô
ʺѪҺǵĵһ𣬿ȥֲֿ
һֻܷ˪ݲе԰ײ¶ɫֲֻǺܴ
ҲСĴһİ̺ۣ֪Ǳ˭˵ô˵ģô̵ӡǡ
Ҷһǰ̺ۣĿһ͵ÿ塣
ǵ˰ǻлгֹΪ˱屻ǶĹ̸ˮ˵µİ̺ۡ
Դʱײµŵ˭Զ
ɫȻܲ԰ףıȴϵƽ
߰ɣ衣ȻתҪ뿪
һһֱֱǰȥ
壡Ҷɫ΢䣬ۼֿĽס
裬ǵģؼңҪؼңһڼҵң֣ſң
ıƽΪ˼ĹڵϣҶı䴦ȵҺ彫·ʪĳȥ
Ψһһõˣˡ
СͰķҶվһԣĬææⲻĲٳź£ûˣҲûʶˣ˳طϰͼϵȽϺõھûˡ
һнʱѾˣ򾯷Ҳ˴𰸣ʧѪ࣬仰˵ɱ
˭ʲôģڵУʱûн
ǸСûмأΧִǽֵʱϣԺŲ顣
ҶѾ˲²⣬ֻȥ֤ʵ
ЩҿԷһţΪ״̬̫˵ǡ
ûϵ𣿡Ҷ￴԰׵ɫЩǣʱûôԹһȦɫ·Ͽյģǹȥһ
û£лл㡣ǿҶЦЦллǳĵģ⼸ҪҶʱʱԱ߰ţһ˿϶Ų
Ȼȥѧɣһ˿Եġ
ԳºûȥѧˣҲ˲ȥ٣Ҷ˼٣Щ顣
鶼ˣҶҲûȥϿˡ
ãʲôʱѧУҶûܾתʵ
ٵȵȰɡһƣ
Уˣչ˺ԼҶվù״ϣ̧üģųſȥ
ã㡣Ҳվ
ˣȥϢɡҶ
˵ߵſڣͻȻ项һ˵ˡ
Ҷ͵תͼ˫Ŀյڵϣʡ¡
ټĹԢҶĬĿ԰׵˯գء
ţߵɳţ˫ִ˴ȻǷƵĲС
Ϊңŵǰ𣿡Ҷﱧͷ㱡
ⲻĴãϵͳŵ
ʱȥġ
С˵С˵екڲȥģڣŸոտʼûãˡ
ҶﱾζҪסΪ˵̫Ҫˡ
ڣǰˡ
Ϊʲôǰأ鶼һķչֻΨһıͻȻ֮еҶ
˾ĸı䡣
Ҫؼңúúõġ
ҶɳϣμȣŨŨθмûˡ
ҲΪʲôƣĴԭ
Ҷ֮ʱͻȻ
ƿţֻ˯ڴϵͷ󺹣ʹ࣬ʲôµجΣ߽
壬ѣ塣Ҷæ߹ȥ
ǡʱŨĻһζǵصĴӿҶﱻֽ̼ŷͷ͡
æǣһ˵ſڡ
⣬ˣ
Ҷ￴ڴʹ壬֮Щ޴롣
ĵ飬ˡ
psл˵
Ҫˣ


4 

ҶſڱǣԶԶĿʹŤ壬ϺҺʡ
ţܵԼ䣬óһɫִϣֱܵ巿佫Ӵ򿪡
ҹ紵һ飬ǵ嶯˲ʧ
ԺŨɢȥЩ˴ϢռҶߵߣʹ壬һ֣Ҫ˱
û뵽ͻȻ˫ۡ
ֻһۣҶͱסˡ
նڰûһ˿¶ȣǱôעţԨһ־
𡭱ҡҧŴĵ
ͣģǰСĵӵģͥ
Ҷ˼룬ɫ죬궼Ҫҧˣͽ˿̵֮Ժ
ģҲ㣬ֻҪ㱧ԡˮܻùһ㡣ҶΪεĸ
ûػԹԵ壬ֱۻסԼݺݵҧŴֱӽҧˣѪεδ˳
Ҷ̾벻˱濴ʱȴܶԼôݡ
ǿӲĽ屧

ңң
ǷһҶȭߣҶͨͨˣԹԳԡȥ
Լͷֱҧȥ
˻
ҶﵹһӿŲһŽԡ߿ĽһѶԡˮȥ
ԡҪֱҶﰴѹȥ
𶯣ҵԿûôáҶв
ԣȻԡȣһֺڳĿעҶ
Ҷ˾ûżϵʹˮص
ԼŰɡǶһ仰ֱ뿪ˣûٿ塣
ԣûз֣ʱԡ壬ǶôĿ¡
ҶĻԼ䣬ֱԡңѹ⣬ԼļһرӡļѪӡر
ԿĺģǺ޲˺һ
Ҷüӡıһ
ʹЩ꣬޲ó嵽ԡｫǸҧСһ١
һҶԼ嶯ؿҩ䣬Լ˵ļҩ
һŪԺҶ»һɾ·
ڷûһ㶯Ҷתתվûܡ
ɫ߽䣬վԡſڣ̧ȥ
ֻ۽Լˮ΢΢촽ЩϣϵĳѾ£µһƬİס
𣿡Ҷﱧ忴֮ǰתۿӡ
͵۾ҶķƳȥͷ
öˣԲ𡭡ӵģ֮ǰһģһ۵ȴһƬ
Ҷһ㶣תͷ壬ͷ˫űȣںķ˿ˮʪϣȥɰͰ͵ġ
ʲôײһ£Ҷ̾˿ڿģҲɢˡ
Գ𣿡ʡ
ҡҡͷС
ǵͷ۵һĨâûʲôʵ𣿡
ҶǰһԵĸɾԡõסͷ
㲻˵ҾͲʡһİͷһ߻ش
ӽ˽ʶҪ룬ȴǿһֻֽ½ǡ
˵ȥ𣿡۵ݶɫȴŴŴġ
Ҷﶯ˶٣ëÿ±ɵķ˿Ĺ˹ǡ
˵ʲô˵ðˣҪˮȥ𣿡Ҷ뿪ЦƵĵ
ָһɣ̧̽ƵĿ˿ת۵ԡҶ
Ҷת֮ǰһ䣬ֳЩֺߵģ
ˣô࣬ôõˮҲˣˮݡҶ˵ţһˮ˲৵
Ŀһſһ˫֣ʹֵµķһӱ¶˳
ˮʪĵ½ϣ¶ϸְڳһ޹ӿҶԵջ
岻ɫĴҶֱֱĶԼǲ¶˿˿ײĳ
⳰ûάֶãͱһŵͷԡˡ
ϰɣ䡣Ҷ۵Ŷͬ
ϾģȻҪһ˷˵ˮˡ
ٵ
Ҷɷµţ⻹Ǵ죬ݸˮ軹ãҪǴݣǲó
˵ʲôӦԹԵ߳䣬ٻʱһ׸ɾ·
ϴˮɣˣݾ͵øðˡҶ˵Ž·ŵϵ̨Ŵ㶵ֲΡ
ˮˮ£Ժŷˮˮٴν׹Ҷһ
ҵĶ𣿵ȻԼŪԼȳȥˡҶ˵ž˳ȥߵԤԵ˸
Ƚãڵĳ˹ʱ廹û
ȣ䣬ҶɳϣһСʱ
ֱҶҲȲȥƤҪȥʱ򣬷ڴ
Ҷﲻɫ˿ٴ߽ȵĽ°һ롣
崩ҶЩմ·ɫе㳱죬ƽǹҲޣҶ֪ҪϢȥˡ
ûзģ˵ˣϢʱֻԽԽѸ㣬ҲԽԽ󣬵ʱɾͲˮܽˡ
һϢرˣʱкܳһʱ䣬Ҫȵ͵Ǹ˳
ҶóվǰĿͣһ̲סֱü
˱ϿԼû˼͵͵
֮ǰĻ᲻ᶼװģΪɾ衣
ôţһĿΣա
Ȼ֪ΪʲôĪصһеĿˣ֪һεĻع飬һǰ˸صĴۡ
һӾȫͲƽϢŭҪ档
年˹ǣЦʵȫûһЦ⣬еֻŨİɫ
ˣûмȷһĹ켣ﲢûˣ˭
ɫ̽ƵĿҶȴõһðĽ
ǣСĵӣȥǿܡ
ãˡҶ˵ֻǰ˵ݡ
ҲҪŤͷסӱȥҶ
ǰ͸ȹζһѾ
ϣǻԹԺȹ⡣
ǸŮˣǸһŮˣ֪ԭ壬Ȼܺá
뵽ԭ޹۵ٿֳ˼Ц⡣
ЦⲢûгֶãԺļ籡˲ʧȥ侲
ˣ
৵ɫ԰׵ĿҶһֻֽ߬졣
ҶЩĿ˫Ŀ壬Ŀһ˲ɻ󣬰ŷӦеӦָ
Ӧð
Ҷ￴壬ʱķӦǸող֪һ𾪡ûڡ
áҶｫеŵϣķӦ˲Ըȥʵ
϶뿴ӡҶȭͷûȥܱ߬ŵԼ죬Щ׾İο
ôܣⲻܡɿ֣һڴϣ˫ĿãȥǸʧȥİ֮СһžžવһӾӿ
ϱӲģΪʲôٴιҪúöʱȴ֪Ѿˡ
ѵĴ
屧ӣ˫ֽľһ
Ҷ￴Ŵ㶵壬Խˡ
ѾԼˡ
壬Բ𡭡촽˶³仰
ӣŲ֪˵Щʲôɫ͸Ż㱲
Ҷ״̬ԣ߹ȥҪȴȻ
ܵģ費ܻƭҵģԼȥҪȥ
һߵһ´ŽɫҴҵľҪȥ
壬ȵȣҪʵѾˣ
Ҷ£æһסֽĹסСϸֱۡ
ңȭߣǶǻˣǶ۸ң˺裬вǲǣҲǵóѵģԲᣡ
״εŭţɳƣСӱ˵Ҷѹס
侲һ㣬侲һ㣬壬Ѿˣ㻹Ҫ㻹кܳ·ҪߣһϣܿĿ֣Ҷ˫ı壬˵ŰοĻ
Լеʲô˵Ľţֻһ
ſңſң
壬ú룬ֻûץѵ㲻뱨𣿲뽫˺Ǹ쵰֮Է𣿡鼱֮£Ҷ׳仰ϣԴ侲
𡭡
Ȼã˫𽥻ָһһ㱻ڰռݡ
ǰһҪ𡭡
˺ҵĻ˺ˣһŹ
Ҫ𣡣
ҧ˫Ŀ죬˾Ǵӵɲǳ


5 ͬget
Ƿƽ˾һ졣
ԹԵĺ࣬ҶﳿܻʼһԲ
ƽȥûʲô쳣һֱ͵͵Ҷ˿
ҹ־һɢӰ٣״̬Ҳȶ
Ŀǰ˵Ҷﲢȥ
ȣػĵؼϤĶ˻
ΣĿǰû⣬ҹȻԽܵġ
ҲҪһ㣬͵Ǹڵˣھӣĸ߲ӡ
ô̬ҪҶĽͻȥˣǵʱܲҲ˵͵ЩҶദӣҲôһС۸
ӣ͵лһʱ䣬ʮ¶ʮĺƽҹʽġ
˵ӿֵӣ˵һȷʵ෴Ĳƽجεһ졣
Ҷž飬ɫѿ
̧ۣеĶ˶٣˼Ƭ̺˼ˣҽͻȥɡ
Щ˼ҶҲա
еӣ壬֯˵ǡ
ڷȥǲܵģҶ֪һһоͶпܻı䡣
˭֪ڵˣ᲻ὫǸ͵ǰг
ţҶƬ̺ס졣
ʱס˵
ΪҪЩ࣬û뵽ֱӵͷӦҶ׼õһ˵ȫû
ôˣЩɻĿͻȻ㶵Ҷ
ûûʲôֻҪҪȥ·Ҷ񣬿ԼЩ·תƻ
ĬƬ̺ˣԭ·кֻܶ࣬Ҫһȥһ¡
ҶԼĻӹһڴӦ
Ͳһ˻ȥһȻ֮á

»صС谵С¥Ҷ￴ɫ㱵壬ɳ߰ɡ
תҶǿЦЦͳżеķȥ
ҶЩɨΧԷϲ֮˵ĳ֡
˽ݣһɣϰڷһźڰɫƬҶﱾΪȥݰݣû뵽ֱƹ˷䡣
Ҷﲻøȥš
Щվ⣬Сķݡ
һ䣬ǺͿһġ
мһƾɵɳɳǰһССĲ輸輸һСӣСһҰɫĵӾ硣
ӻźܾɺܾɣģȥȱֹϡ
ҶĿڵӻϺܾúܾãЩͷĵӻԼ
ɽϣʵãûеûʩ
ΨһȤС࣬һ档
ʱСҶʮ꣬Сʦ͵͵ɽ˶˷ܣʲôú档
Ҳ֪ľߵһĵط
ǵطܳĶʵڶĺܡ
Ϊһ·ǲֹһ˼￴һĺڲŶܺÿ
·ǶѶֿһģһĺԺʦܶ˷ܡ
űǶѶ˰죬ŰǺͳ
ͳԺǸ߸˵ɽӲʦץɽùӴһ٣˶Ǻ˷ܡ
ϣ̧ű׵ƨɣҶʦصĽʦʦǰһ˾ΧǺۺ档
ΪΨһ֤ӹܵҶʦţˣȰȰȵĴƽƽеĺӵжȤһ˹ղܡ
ɵֵʱҶʦ˱ˣӸ򲻿ɴǵһµʦʦǶˣ׷״͸ʦ˵£ʦʱʱóǼ˵ɵȥѰ˼ҲҪ
ҲһȱҶΪ衣
룬ʲôĻЩȤ
Ҷﴽ䣬ɵ͵͵ЦЦ
ҡҡͷЦҪͷ˦ĿҲϾɵӻƿˣھһطʱҶĿͻȻһڵӻԱߵϾЩŹ֡
ҶվֱӣЦݣ˹ȥ
ҪǵôʱȻ
Һˣ߰ɡ
Ҷתͼ屳һɫе󣬳ĵС
ţá
Ҷﱾٿɼһɻģֻܷ̽
ԺлԼƣҶ
һѵӣҶﳤһֱ߹ȥ屳ϰ¡
ɣߡɷ˵ֱӳȥ嶼˵ܾĻ
Ҷ޳ıӰ˰̵ĸҶⲻɨҶղҪ̽ĵطһƬ⡣
Ҷ߳ţ廹ûأתҶҪ˵ͼģЩŹֵŤͷ֪ڿʲô
ƺǲҶߣ彫ͷתأϹŴ΢ЦҶ
Ҫ֪ܽôõѣһܸ˵ġ
ҶﱻϵЦһΣЩŹֶʱɢˣתθǡ
ЩǱĶϵЦת
ҪͰ̸𣿡ʡ
ˣġҶıӰϵȴһƬĮȻ
áҶӦһ¥
忴Ҷһһʧ¥ͷϵԽԽĮתٴĿһڵľԿ׽Źá
裬һġ
ŪǸ˵Ŀģļ˺ԺҾͰﲹ
Ҷվ¥£ߣֳÿһ׾ܱ˼סò
ǰæǰæھӶסʱվţ뵽塣
𣿡һźɫ׵ųҶǰʵ
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ǣ˽ͣԱߣҶϵıЩɻĵ
һס̫㣬հҲˣպҲһס˵ȥǴպϴպһҶ
ȷʵǺӰԸТ˳ܺõģڳ°ҲôѰˡ̾
ҶЦЦӡڵʱ򣬳ģҲæľˡ
ʱųƣǸմԶʵǳԶ𣿡
ʲôԶŰˣǶӱúõĴѧУ֪ΪʲôͻȻٻ˼ңˣǲ֪ʲôЩĵﻰ˵Ųȴ͸ŽȻڵĶӺ۰
ҶϵЦһ٣ô˵ͻȻӿһɲõĲ²⡣
˵ģĶһ㣬ڶѧ𣿡Ҷװʵ
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ܰ˵罫ҵһгϢ˵׷ӣȥҲǮɡҶɫ̽
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֮ңҺ콫ˣû뵽ĸıȻþǰǳˡ
뿪ˣҪǰӵ˵Ļǰ档
˵Ҷﺦ£ֻҪǾڿʼûþףǶ˵ѶȿɾˣҪ˳ֻҲЩѡ
ţ¥壬Ļһ٣һգ˲
òĳŷ˸кҶСطվҲڵĺܣǸͻȻҪ̴뿪
ߵԱԺкʹ뿪ˡ
Ҷ󣬼֣ʱЩɻ뷿ʱ쳣ɺ˵׽ʲô
ʲôСʵ
㰡ҶﵥųУɣȥǱǱŸװƷһ
û뵽Ҷô˵һʱӦ
ҶûдΪ⣬ͽ͵ģû˵㻵˵ǸܺõˣҺúչ㡣
㶣ͷ𣿡
ʹЩ䣬ܺõˣǡ
ǵģȻҸ˵һúչġҶƵĵбۿ壬ѵôɫ
Ҷߣһ£ƫƫͷҪڵġΪʲô¡
ΪʲôŻһԵ޹ʶһʾãжԷҪĶ



6 
ǿ
ٴαѧҶ嶼һ˲Ļ㱡
ҶΪʱıĸı䣬Щп
ΪһΣϤУ԰Щܡ
ѧУĴͲʲôõļ䣬ȫһЩ͸˵Ļ䡣
߰ɣٲȥҪˡ
Ҷ￿ȥͷСߵһ˵ʾԵĳһɫƷϵ˿
Щ͵ӣʶԱ߿˿
˵ľ̫ˣӵ׽
Ҷûע⵽һĿܣΪӦԼðʧæԱŲŲ
ֱֱӿճ˲ŵľ룬ҶͣҲһ
˼ҶæǸ
ɬҡҡͷСĵûϵ
˾ôŲֲܵƣһŰ칫¥ȥ
ȻҶѾʦк˼٣ɸջô˵ǵøʦһ
οǸոѧҵŵʱ򣬻ôʱļ٣ٵÿǰν档
δкԺ˾ͻ˰༶ϵ˼һǰһ˽ң˼ͷӶ⣬˶ɨһ۾͵ͷϰ
ҶｫһţλϰŪԼһ˫ȣҵһλúſϣҪСһ
Ҫˡ
δֵϵͳͻȻҶ˲ѡ
ûУˡҶﻻ˸ĻӦ
ؼһӦ֪Ҫôѡϵͳ
Ҷ͵۾ֱ첲ա
ûҪ񡣡
㿴档
ҶЩɻԿȥҪϿˣе˶ԼλϣǱĽĩβǿյġ
λá
ܰʾڸһ顣
ϵͳ˵仰ûˡ
Ҷλϣλһ̲סһæȥ
λͬѧҪϿˣȥģӭײҪϿεʦ
ҶЦݣš
ʦҪϲǸǸϻҶһȥһ߸ʦǸʱϵЦݵȥüžڵ㡣
ģ
ϺҶ̲ס
ʱæ飬м裬ԼȷʵеǾڵˡ
ھǵǿȵʱڵ㣬ڶǿȵΪĹϵǸڵ㱻ˣ廹ǺúõģûΪ/鱻ռˡ
ڵԭ巢Ժռ˱ˣʼʳ֮裬Ҫ۸塣
ԸУڷٴǿ塣
һεǿȣµĺ㱻ѧУ
ΪƬѧУ
ʹ۸Խ̧ͷͬѧʦɫ۾һЩ˵ɧţ׹Ԩ
ܴǣҵʱһŵĶ˵࡭
ЩƬίĵġ
ҲΪ˺棬ҲҪһֱܾҲ˵õΣˡ
ƮƮԻٵһ˵һ˴һӰ顣
Ҷﲻ֪յ˾һҵΧĿһһѰ˵ټ
ڣԶĴ£˸ߵĲݴһɫӰ֡

屻˽гȥ˵ʦ
Ϲžʧɫڼ˵£ͷ˳ȥ
˿ĵط΢У£ĺ⻺ӡ
һ·ɣɣߵſڣ̧ͷСĵĴΧ
ƭңʦ⣡
Сڼߴǰûеֿ֮Ѿľͽƽš
ţǿţţｹĺţȻ˴
-ݡ
һĿͻȻŵĶһ٣תͼɿһˮɫУ΢΢ͷȤĿ
Сһ˷ˡǺЦһһĳ
Ьŵ淢žžવһˡ
ԽԽļĽӽһԵӿ岻ɿ־Ĵе
Żȫ˿ܣԼһ壬üͷĵôҶǼһԣҾͲ𣿡
ƾʲô
һɲ뱻ȥĳ徢ǰ־Ҫȥ壬ȴǱ㿪ˡ
СͰķĶѳһһѵСɽɢڸ䡣
Ϊôæ²֪ʲôһ£ֱصˤ˵ˤ˵ϡ
˿Ӻܿ
ͷſǵ𽥷죬˶˷
֪ԽܣԽҪõ㡣绨˵壬촽ϵĶӱͷųֻ뽫ʻݺݵĴݲаܻ
ңĵ
ŲΪƵһţ˫ֻҵڵֱץһ֪ʲôĶͺݺݵĳȥ
ƫͷһЩõžıǽֵĵСɽϣ¸৵ɢ俪项
һƬǽУֽ̧Ĳͣ˫ֽסߴٴѹȥ
ͼң򡭡

յſڣҶƹĶͲҽвġ
壡
󺰣ǱֹͣһĹ졣
Ҷ򴽣ѵõĳŭϵһһһ߳š项һֱӱ߿ˡ
ҶӿŲȥǰһĻȴһϡ
ֻɫ԰׵ĵѪϣɢңУʵ䴦µ촦˺飬¸Ѫ·͸˫˿ڣָѪ
޵ĺӽ͸İ໥ڣȴĿġ
ɫ԰׵վһԣһѵѪĵƺҲˣֱ۴˿ڲͣðѪ
СѪζӿϢҶıǻķš
վ˰죬ֱ巢СҶŷӦһȥϵУ¸ϣֱһֱӽ˱
壬˯ҴȥҽҶЩŵĵ
壬ԥͳȥ
վһԵҶѣǲŷӦһ׷Ҷ
һֻﻹŵѪĵƽŰѵñǾȡֱ۲ҪסҶƺҪŽʲô
ҡ
顪
û˵꣬ͱҶһ߷ɣصǽϣѻһĻɢŻҳļҡμ£ڵֲסನѵ䵽ϣеĵҲһڵء
ҶĿĿǱýּͣ
˵꣬ҶﱧҴȥ
ŶӣѹŵĿռŲһֱֻǿӡ
ϴʹ̲סϢĸоȿֺӿ
ƲסĿ˼̧ͷҶԶȥıӰͻȻһ
ֻҶﱧﱾʧѪιȥһ̬ۣ˫ĿֱֱĶĹһĨζ΢Ц
һ
ɵһĵĿЦӯӯǲ԰׵촽Լһ͡
˵
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7 סԺ
ģббϣ֦ҶҡΣڼ䣬һѰϸ΢⡣
ϵһ̬İվ֦ϣ̧ͷעŴԵİ״ϵӰ
Ӱڰ״̨ϣںڵͷб͸ϣ΢΢Ĵ俿ǽ˫Ŀ΢أ͸Ű״ϣһ㵭Ρ
󣬿ľһĻ̨ϵҶֿʫ续
̲סʧ
鲻Խ̧֣Ҫâ֮µӰżУδˣ֮ԼҲȾ⡣
䣬̫ǣ˿ڣʹϮü˻һ۵׵ĳɢȥȡ
״СҶﱻ循˲˹ֱƫͷڲϵ壬û°ɣ
бǸƫĶĸգǳɫ½⣬ʹǱ˵Խҫۣ̺ǹһ㣬Ŀ
ôһ˫۾עţʹ壬ҲȻһֱǹ˰Ľĸоһδ֪ͻȻӿͷʱĳҲϤ֡
Ҳעӹ
ĲƵҪݡȴž޴ĺڰһݻ١
ڲͣţãЯźڰǻսʤҡҡ׹ģ°ãΧϰžŸֲ棬ʤȥ
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ĪɢȥֱЩСֵӣͷһ˿ڣһѩ״ʵںŷеġû¡Ǽ١
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Ҫҽҽ𣿡
ˣֻЩʡЩѵĴͷҶ
룬ϵ˿ҲûϺãȻҶֻˡ
ҶڲͷԵϵһԱӣת͵һˮ
ʹ΢ֱӣ̧Ҫӹˮɳڴŵֱȴһֱڲ
ҶüˮһԲ˳ȥ
ٻʱһźɫװǵţ̡
忴ȥҶЩ죬ţ̸ɻ
Ҷûнͣ˺װţϵ£Ūºֽܷŵˮ
ҪŸȻȣ
һкҶָű塣
ĬĬ˵ȻǵűȽϺúȣϣҪȥ˿Ҳá
ҶûٳվһĬĬĵ忼ǡ
ȻΪȸˮҲ̫СˣɾһѧӴܲϲ˿
ȻԷֳ˿ܣôҶҲֻء
鷳ˡ죬ų
Ҷû˵ʲôϵˮݵĴߡ
Ժջ֡
Ҫ𣿡Ҷˮ塣
ҡҡͷˮĴ»ָ˹ҲԵþࡣ
ҶֽˮŵԵСϣ˫ֲŶôվڲǰ塣
ЩڵƲƲͷ΢΢ƣѩ״ϡ
ЩΣ򴽣۵˼ǧµָŴ˿Ĵִˡ
ʱһֻ޳ǽڷͻȻǰȻֻŵĺɫСɾµ
Щɻ̧ͷĿҶ
Ҷƽȥʱ򣬿и˹Ͱסˣˡ
ЩȣȻ֪ʲô
𣿡
šҶ˵ͷһûݣԼɣѾˣʱѾȥʻˡ
ˣͷ΢ԤϵĻҪ˳
лл㡭
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΢΢ĿһƣҶЩӡ
Сɵĺɫڲͷҧҧ̧Щֽ
ޱһҳһҳķƬԽԽ䡣
ƬֻйƬкܶĵգԷġϿεġġġ۸ġܶܶࡣ
ظһ˹ؽˮͷУֻʣһ½ϵƬ
Ƭ΢΢ͷԲƯ۾ˮ˫ۻһ𣬰ɫƤںһһŹ崿ջɫ/
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ûʲôֻˡͷڵķѵЩɬĽ͵
ǾͺáҶ˳˳ؿڣܵŵࡣ
죬侲ʼʰо֡
ﲻ״ҶЩĬ㲻˲
Ҫİɡ
õʱѾˣù忴ûʲôõƬɾˣʱٻȥġ
ڡ
кҶﻹǾˣǮɡ
ÿҶﾭôһŵҲˣδʳĶӿʼֱС
ⰲĲĽԵø
ҶӣЩΡ
ǸҪҪԵʲôһˡ
ˣҡ
ЦЦҪܾû뵽ԼҲŽ
Ҷ/壺
ӾȻҲᴫȾҶȷӦûȥͻȻ⻺⻺Ρ
˵⻰ɫۿɼĸˡ
ոΪʲô
ҶȿȣǸȥɣ嵭Щ˿ںã𣿡
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Ҷﵱϣ˵߾ߣϵ״ϣ˳ȥ
ߺǵЦݵȥҴźΣȴһƬ𺡣
ڱֱֻ̧⻬ϣһСɫĴ濨
Ǵ濨ԽԽ䣬Цһٿա
ôˣˡ


8 
ڲ⼸ĽҲˣжˣżĹϵ˾ۣҪҽҩѣҪǧǮΪ⳥
ѧУҲ˾洦֣´ٷֱӿ
Ժ죬Ǹ
ҶﱳСĵĴԱߵĴˣһװģһ۾һϣϴλߵƣһ֪λ
Ҷվǰη岻˵ֵҲ󷽣жȡ
壬Բ𡣡ǰһҧ鲻ԸĸǸ
屻ŵһˣӽԼȫҶ󣬿ȥŲС
Сӣĺ£ŭ
ӣҽ
ҶƲЩĮȻĴֻܽܣֻǻͬѧԺҪ鷳
ҲǣԺ̹ܽܽͬѧѧУаԵûʲôҪǳѧУôԵҪһСײӣǿɾͲˡ
ոȬ˾վǾˣʧ㡣
Ҷ˵ţòĳ׾ʹ뿪ˡ
ԶȥıӰЩ
֣Ҹûˣ
ԼõͱԼȻ޻𣿡ʵ
ȵĿԼĸףˣЩ͡
ǲ˵ȻѾˣ֤ݶָ㶯֣Ҳֻˣ
ֲ˭Ҫֻܹ֮ǰûܵļƻûԤµĽ㵽ûвĵط
´֮ǰô鶼ã˰һ˵ôĹ˾Ժһҽ𣿡
һϯ˵ͷ̧
뵽ǰǸЦݣѵ۶װ
ǱƼҪҧˡ
ɫЩֿܣ˿һҲù
ֻǣղǸ꣬Ҳͬѧ𣿡һתͻȻʵ
תУ
Щ찡һ˼૵

ǿȽڵȥˣȻе㲨ۣҶﻹһ
һǿȽڵǿɾһг֮ˣʱ򣬻кܳʱ䡣
ԲʱʱˣֻҪٱ۸ˡ
˵ҶԲùܳ˶ģɿŹƯ۸ܾò̫ġ
ʱʱߵԵʣǱ۸Ƶʶ½˲١
ҶﱧͷҵĽϣŴ
ССһֻһĺ⣬ҶﶼͻȻˡ
պãʵ˶˵ҲкôȻͷ󺹣ӵǿŻǺܺÿ
Ҷﰵ̾ǵֵͻȻƼһĸߴȥ
һֻۿžҪϣֱܿˡ
֪ǲҶĴʱ壬ûмģЩģŨŨ
Ҷ֪ȥر˿ҲĪ˺صĽǿ֢
һԹߵ̬ڿѾز
ƽʱദУǲҲôأҶѵ˼
ۣദĸϸڣԼûʲôԽľٶ
ţͻȻһ¡
ҶۿȥͼһŮԱߣĳЦ
Ů˶ţҶ￴ϵЦݸˡ
ඣʶһ𣿡
ҶЩ⣬Ǳڨ
ãҶԼĵ
ãأڰģ֮ǰ㻹ǵ𣿡Цӯӯʵ
ҶﶨĿƺڻ䡣
壬ܲסֵĻʵҿ԰
ͻȻ΢΢ͷöѹĵ͵͵ģЩֹ졣
ҶﱻЦˣҲ˭
һ·ƽεĶʱһü۵ĴܵһУŮߣֶŵģ̲ס˹ܡ
ʱҵô𣿡ҶЦ
ûûУֻģʱ˵ӣģ²ܺġ
ػҵİ֣Ⱦ˺Ρ
Ҷ͵ЦЦҿЦģллĿޡ
ЦɤԵޱȵᣬɢҶòԴĮ
סˣҶˣϥϵ˫ֽƬ̺ڹ̧ͷҶĩʱʱߵ̫ˣҶû˵ллأҪúøлл㡣
ˣ֮ͶѡҶƾܵ
صɫ˲ҧҧҪ˵ʲôȴ·ϵɧˡ
𣿡һĸߴĿĹ˫ַڲĵط˫Ŀŭվǰ޴СӰ
ؿӰüת˵ЩʲôҶע⣬ҶﻹǱ·ĳסˡ
ȵȣǡ̧̧ҪץסҶȴһҶѾվ˵Ǹȥ
˶ţæϡ
ɫҰף˫ֽһηĲסǸԡԲ𡣡
΢΢ͷھ¶ʵ΢΢ĹעϢϵĵÿĵĳˡ
Ǻܿ죬߾ͱˣֱֻӣðɵһֹƳһƣ˲䱻Ƶڵء
⻹꣬˸һֱ۸߸ۺӵľͳȥ
ֱۻͷĶܽ۵죬ı˱ۣȴʹĵ
һһᱨȥģ
ԤеʹȴûеۣͼһϤ޳ӰվǰΪһ
忴ͻȻֵҶȻӿһ²⣬ֻȥ֤ʵ
뵽ǸܣĪ˷΢΢սϲõըƲסĲ
ҶֱһͽеĿˣתҪɲ֪뵽ʲôԥˡ
ûд۵׵ԥ˷ܵɢȥЩĵϲҲڻȴƫƫͷͼǳŮվҶԣ˫΢΢𣬿ҶĿųݺͳԡ
Ŀһ䣬۵תƬ̺ͣ˵Ӻϡ
ۿ΢죬ﺬˮ˫ֳڵϣҪǿվɲһ룬ԭ˵ĸټڵ˺ֹסʹȿֺӿһҡΣصˤصϣϸ
Ǹǻ
˵˺ܶˣҿ֪˭ͷ˵ôһ䣬õ˵ĸ͡
ȷʵģֲܱ۸
̫ˣ̫ˣ˭
尡㲻֪ǻ˺ðɣһŵĶûУˣһȭһ
ڿۣһЩӵٴν˼ڰĻС
ΪƤܰףúܾ£Ը񰲾һ㣬ͱ˵ǻ˺ܶĶֶš
ŮҲΪҪһ۸
ԭûʲôֵģȻ磬ǸӵĹ
ǹǰɣÿ˶˵һĹкβأ
ͷڶл˴ǣЦЦúܿġ
죡
ǣϤߴʱϵЦͱɢˡ
Ϊû𣿡Ҷ˫Ŀ䣬ĸߴСһϵԼǰ
ܲסԼ֣Ͳһ򾯸ô򵥣ңԶ˵ͳ˵⡣
ֱһƮƮƤһҶɵ̵ڵء
ԭǰæҶĻ˲ɥʧǰ
ǲռȷʵɧģȻһСҵˡ
Ҫ׷һǹģһ˵ģǸȷʵû
Χ˾Ȼû뵽ͻȻת䡣
Ҷתһֽ̧˵ĵִҶ΢е
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忴Ҷ˵ͷԼ壬סҪӿĳ嶯һİӺϢƴǻ꣬ͷƤ飬־ĸоҲƲסһؽһصӿ
Խˡ
ҪԼˣᷢ£ǲҪ
ҶҪ뿪ʱһŮͻȻڰĻԵΪͻأԼ
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ڶۡ
Ҷﵭ仰ûȥ˵ļУ뿪ˡ
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忴ҶıӰ˰
ԭϵĲ˿ھۣⷬ˵Ѫ¶Ⱦˡ
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תתĵĵִ
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㣬ͻᱻ۸ϸֲõĳƺҲν𣿡ɳϣ΢΢ͷ컨壬Щʧ
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˵Ҷѵͣһ£̧ͷ壬˵һ仰𣿵ڮݵʱǡǡ˵ڼ㣬Ľ㣬ƴҴڸУԴ˽̳
ǸԲõĳƺֻΪ鸡Ǹһġ
ܹԣܿɰԸ񰲾ƤҲƫ͸ֻıͨ˸Ưѣֵŵ£ҪԱᡣ
Ϊ۸ˣֻ˵ǵųܣΪԼ޵ΪҽڣǵıŤģһжֲ㡣
ҶﲻĲţҪ꣬ģˣЩˡ
С˵һΪ⸱òһɣÿ˶ڸ˵Ҫһòˡ
鱻عʱַĶͲĸߴǿ׳С塣
һ³ģȫǶ裬е飬е񣬶
֮ˣҲһڹңҲŶ֡ģ
ǷҪԼΪҽڣԼ⣬Լɫ⣬ԼԼϡ
һеһԴԼȴҪƸˣ˴ԼЩУԼİõĿ֡
屻ҶһסˣһһּΪɫҶüĿʹΪҩ
ǵһ˶˵Ļ
ü΢䲻ЦЦǴϵЦ⡣
֪ʵһֱһңұ۸ʱ֣һڻǰﻵӴƨ
𣿸պұҲҸ硣ҶüĿһ˲̧ͷ壬ȴϵЦۡ
һᵨСɢȥСüĿϵȻŵЦǡƺŵõ˵ݣƿ۾
ãԺҾͽ㣬硭


9 ־
ĵ죬ơ
ϰ˹Ҷ뿪ңѲʦĿѧУ¥Ĳƺɹ̫
̬Уֱ΢ֱԺϻһȥոµĲе顣
磡
һҶ˻壬ڸ鱾µΡ
һֱ۴Ժ̧α΢΢Ŀ
ԶһɾĵĻ֣΢ܹƤܰף̫¸ǰ׵ҫۣҶ￴֪Ϊ뵽ʳ¯İӡ
ɿڣڡ
䣬Ѿ˹
ôҡھҶ״ƱԹĵ
ѧϰ棬Ĵ㡣Ҷ˵
αһԣƤ΢ڶ̫ȥġ
̫ϣ΢˻˯
粻ϲѧϰ𣿡ҶﲻעĵľŵϵСݡ
У̸ϲϲֻǲٴα߿ĥ˵С֧ѡ
Ѿһθ߿ĴݲеҶЩεš
Ĳϲֽŵϲʱ䶼ûеѧϰΧҺʱ仹Ǹѧڣ͵
Ÿ硣˵ţͷһѧҶȣ۾
Ҷüǲ̫ճˣ²ҲҪһ
ԴԺǵĹϵ׽ࡣ׽ʲô嶼ҪһȥϸҲҪһȥ
İһ
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Ҫ̧ĨȥϵϸҶžԼһֻ˳Ķָкܺãõɵսָ۵ĴС
ֱǶͻȻ˶磿Ϥڶ
Ҷ룬㤵ϿȥŷԼϸ׵צӣ̬ԽԽ

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ҵ˼ǣѧУʱܻŶĻͲˡͷЦһƺΪѧУǡ
Ҷһ߸̾ǵĵɰһ־ԼǱİοˡ
ǰһأһ˭֪أָʲôۣ
΢ϵĴ÷ƮƮõҶͻȻŵһǳζЩϤĹˣȴһ˿鳱
ǰ׵ķӰ϶еζҶԺٴθֳʱ뷨
˻Сӣֿɰ
ڶ죬һ̬ûճҶ
ҶҲֵɣǰΪһλͬѧֲСĴˣҶ˺ܾãҵһһģһġ
Ҷȥ֮ǰİ༶ˡ
յſڣ˵ҵ˭ĵͬѧλͬѧĲɣձ˽гȥ
ҶЩʧǲɡ
еҶֻηء
ΪǿμϢ˼ѧϰر⣬˶档
տҲλҶЩ֡
һʱӦûλϿ飬ȥ
ŻذҶȥ壬ҶӦȥϲˡ
ʱպӿҶûٶ뵥ֳ°ֱͣӱۡ
Ժ䣬ҶǴӻлѡ
ΧͬѧŻŵãóϿΡ
ҶĴ˸Ƿٵ۾ĵóα
ȴʦĹУϰԵ󷽿ȥȴûԤ֮еӰ
ٵ˲ָҶȻվܴʹӷ项ȫעĿ
ҶûǣҪȥѰ壬༶ſȴͻȻһɫ˷ܵˡ
ҿˣ
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ҶһŸߣһһ˳ȥ
ķصڽѧ¥¥Ůޣ˺ֹܶ࣬ĽŻ˵Ҫʦ
ҶϵʱȫȥֻȺΧǽŮޣ͵ŮϲգŮ˸š
ô˵Ҷ˿Ͳ壬ֻҪͺá
磿
иͻȻҶתͿһã塣
ôˣʲô𣿡ʡ
ҸҲ̫Ҷҡҡͷ˵ûв֮ǰ塣
պãҶߵʱǸŮ˱˳
ţ첱ǵһֱڱ⣬ȴ˺ŷĻ֤ʵȷʵ⡣
ʲô˰Ůޣ涪
ⲻǸ˭ȷʵŸģΪķ羰ˣû뵽ô̬Ȼ͵ϲŮ
԰Ǹ̬

˱ӵĻ˵ɫǺ죬ͷıһ֡
Ҷﲽһ٣ŤͷȥȻǸ˿ɲ֮ǰ͵
ҪأڰﶼҪùˣһ춼ûҵˣ벻
ҶעҲˣôŵ̬չ
С˵͵ĵƬɢȥܵԴ˿źܿҶҲǲΪ
Ͼ֮˱пɺ֮
վҶԱߣߣǰѹѹͷȫ档
̵ˣ
֪˭ôһԭΧ˻һɢࡣ
Ⱥϡ裬Ҳܿˡ
ֻһĸߴӣԱ߻վż¶ŭŮ
ǼŮɷ˵ҪȥȴôҲ
Ǹߴȥ
̫ˣһģ˵ϡ
ȺɢЩΪˤҲˤ˳ȥ
һ˫ϴķ׵ĲЬԡ
ŵȥȴһһ˫޳ָȥ
ɫ̧ݺݵϿȴȻײһ˫峺ʵ
㡣彫ǰ˵ݡ
ݺݵɢȥһȻơ
ľٶûʲôΪǼŮݺݵĵۡ
֤͵ǣ㻹֤ݣǲǸһģ
һŮܻˬĵ
㶣ŵҲֻ֪еȻô۸ԭ͵Ǳ̬𣿡
ô˵Ů˱仺
ԣǱ̬ѾʦˣһҪһŮָŻڵϵŭĵ
ԣŮǷ׷׸͡
ҶҲû뵽Ȼôأ࿴ڵϵ˫ȭգ𣬺ЩԾ
Сģ

Ҷ֮ǰۼֿĽѹסǼŮûӦľٶŵðֱС
ңſңҲǱ̬͵ûģĵġ
ѹŶãŤӣ˻
ʵ㣬ûĵ˲֪Ҷü
ʦܿˣҶſӰеأҪȥʻ
ǰĿĶ壬Ҷ￴ˣǰǰ
Ŀ˶˺ܲ
Ҷ뵽С˵ǼƬ׬˺ܶܶǮǵҲʧˡ
ߵĺ˿Ҷ壬¶һĨǶǵЦݣһ˫峺ǵóѵĿ⡣
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10 Ӧ
Ӱܶӣҵ˺ܶ಻գ漰Ⱥܶ࣬ѧĻʦġ
ͬʱ罻ͺܶ˵ĽϢܺߵģߵġ
͵ˣƬв͵ҪǮһЩףָ͵ġ
ЩףƬ׬Ǯ
鴫ѧУʱȻ󲨡
ѧʦԵѰƬԼҲЩƬȥ
ȵõı֤Ƭ٣Ļ̵̻ķΧڹȥ
ֱӱˣҪΡ
ΪĹϵܶ׵˾˳ϰ˳ѧһʦ
Ҷ׽󣬻ûйɷԾһ󣬾ͷŹˡ
ŹˣѧУȴȥʦְͣѧ׷ױ洦ּǴ
ɴˣһĹ¼ֻ汻ҶӹȥˣֻҪдǧּ־Уµļ־ͱǼѧҪȫУʦǸ
Ź»һˣҶﲻ꣬˹Ȼ£ܻⱨӦġ
ϱûбͱ˶úõĹңڣڣֻܶСЧӦ˼¡
ҶЩţлˬ
һü죬Ҷ鶼ܲƽĮ׶˼ů⡣
Ȼ֪ҶΪʲôôˣⲢҲŸˣԭ峺ʵԽ͸ڶɢϲɫ
ɫͷڽ䣬֪ʲô
ֱ˵̵վ
˵һ̣˱䡣
һˮɫУ꣬ɾ忡׾ȴ̲ס࿴ֻۣʵںÿ
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ǰɣð֣к
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úŵɣ˵ҪҰæĸƬƭ˵ûˣ
崽ϵЦԽãǵƲۡ
˵ʲôأʲôֻ֪㣬ϾͬѧһЩίĵ
װˣ㣬˵Ԩ𣿾Ľ׺ұ֣㣡ܼ񱥺ź⣬޲ôӻ˺顣
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ϾͬѧһһˣǸΪɡĿ
еǣǿҶˡ
̫ˣİɣξˣȷʵûʲô⡣ҶüǰɵܾЩƣֲС˵ﱻЩ۸ôңΪ̫ˣԺҪ࿴ŵ㣬ʡñ˻Ǯ
ЩȵĿҶû뵽˾Ȼô˵ʲôʲô
硣ͻȻе
ţҶͦıӰӭ⣬ԡ
ЦЦûʲôн㡣
ҶЩĬǰӰССģװ׾ģԹԵģʵ˺бˡ
ţãоͽаɡҶЩȻƿ۾һֱڡŤŤͷЩŤĲ
һЦǰߡ
Ҷ￴ǰȻԼˣһܹʹľ롣
̧ͷһɫӽˣҶﳯŲ֪ΪʲôЩ㶵֡
ˣؼҡ



11 
ȻӰӣûվǹȥˣѧָֻյƽ
գۣھˣȻʱأǵѧ⣬ѧУǾС١
ķѧǼڣҶЩӹ̫ͼƻŴС
С˵ԴԽ󣬾Ҳû뿪УĻص㲻ǴѧУҡ
˲ϣҪ룬Ҳ͸յվͱץͱҲûȥ
Ĺˣû
ԣҶȥ棬档
Լ뷨˵Ժ󣬱ΪҪʱĥĥӦȥû뵽һֱӴӦûаԥ
ҶȻе㲻ӦҲֵɣöѿȰ
ȥһ
ƱʱAAҶҲûԣһóǧǮһһá
ǧǮ⳥ûҪǮ˼ֱȫ˳
Ҷ￴ںӣҲûԣǮֶ˾Ƶꡣ
ڶ죬򵥵ʰһ£˾ͳˡ
ҶϱӴʱ䶼Ǵɽϣĸطܺ棬ᰮΣ߱¡
ֻΪʦ֣һСܲͷ߲ˣҲߡ
ԳѧʱеʱԵ⣬ʱ䶼ɽ϶ȹġ
͸˵ˣûʲôԶţԭֲһʲôܺ档
һ·Ƿ糾͵ĸϵ˾Ƶ꣬Ƶܽʮӵĳ̾ܵ
Ϊ˾ƵϢû뵽˾Ƶһ⡣
ڼʵ̫ˣҶȻ˾ƵɾþòӰƵΪȻŵ˵ǵһ䷿
͵±õ䷿һ䷿ҶﱾĮԽʹƵԱƵƵǸҶﻹǲø˶١
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ɣǰǮ˻㣬ٸһ⳥㿴ôԱҶ̫ˣʵû취
Ҷûش塣
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ӦʱߺҶۣһĨЦ⡣
УǾ͵Ҷ˵óֻ첻֪뵽ʲô̧ͷʵҪȥԣ
ҡҡͷɡ
á
ڵĿ϶ȥϴ裬Ѿһ·ˣޱŴʹĶԼֱִ꣬۵ƤͨҪѪͣ
һ·˺ܶ࣬ҪôעⱣ־룬ɻײײ
ʵܡ
ҶҲע⵽ܣ޼ˣôʵڲ͸ġ
ʱʱҶЩǵĿ⣬ֻǿţ¶һ˿
ϴ裬һǳɫ䣬һͬɫп㡣
ͨ죬ƤȾϺɫȥÿѡ
ҶۿȥһʱȻ㶡
죬ߵԱߣŷӦƿ
΢һҶҲԡҡ
ٵϴ˸ս裬ҶﲱϹŸëͷʪ˳
պãҲˡ
͵Ϣʱ䣬ֹĿҶеᡣ
Ҷûľᣬ°ѵӰźȥûбӣһ׸ţҲ䣬¶ȸոպá
ֻô˵ʱĴ̻ûĴ˯˵ҶﻹǸһװ˼ĴˣŶ첻ֱôڶ
һԵ忴Žɳϣӻţ㣬ȥе
ҪҶһ˯Ҳǲܽܵġ
˰죬岻ɳҪȥ˯ɣ˯ɳ
С˯ɳܲҶһӶ档
ˣȥ˯ɣˣϢܺú档Ҷѵķ˸Եĵ
廹ЩԥҶֻ֣ܡһ˯ˡ


12 νʱ
ĶӵıӰҶ̲סЦ΢΢ûעգֱӵ
ҶҶڵɳ࣬ʹɳ湰΢΢ţȻе㲻ڲȥ
ȥıףԼãҶ۾׼˯ˡ
һǽ֮壬Ժ߷ߵ˱䣬ȻźΣһ˫ˮȴ侲ޱȡ
ӦⳡҪһǣҪ֪ҶĺãĻǼ⡣
о仰˵ˣһв׿һ˵ƷĿġ
ȫıԾͻᱩ¶
ĿǰҶıֻԣŶûʲôĿģǳá
ҲĿģǸĿģҲҪ֤ġ
ߵĴǰװɫɫĵƹʱк£ĳرߣ䲻ȴеƻ𷱻ɸеĵƹһ١
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ϰǸһɫ۵ĸˣȥʮ꣬ܰףϺζ
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Ҷȳģ֪ΪʲôվԭأҶ۾
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ҶЩΣҪܾҵһ˳
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ѽ̫ÿˣС˧磬ҪҪǵﵱģأҹһ300ϰЦеĵ
ȿȡҶװԣܵллϰֻҵܵҪѧ²
ԭֲֵܰöô˧ʵûϵȸϰﲻİ˰֡
ллϰ壬ˡҶЩӵĵССġ
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ңҸǮһ΢źһǧŮóǮ壬΢ƶܾ
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Լĵ˵ԺüԽˡ
һֱھУһ˽Ӵ̫Ȼôˣ˵ӴͲӴģӴҲˣ̻ȥϴ衣
ɶֺ뿴ǸӼݳôˣ϶ܾʣ˵ŵϡĶǺ˵ģϱӶûкúÿЩأ
ȻڣҶ׳⣬ǻᱻɢ
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磬Ҫǡȥˣ
ô˵ĿȴƵƵɨȥݳѾԤˡ
һ˲֪ʲôһӣһ£ǻ̱棬ʼˡ
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ҶΣ˵Żȥһ˫۾ȴ
֣Ű취ֱǣǲܵģǣֱǣ֣ǲǾͿԣ
Ҷ룬ͷԼ壬һװȡ
ſ˰죬ҶｫȡԼǣסһͷһͷݸ塣
ЩɻĽס
ǾͲᱻɢˣֿҶ͵
һͷò취
ҵ취Ժǰ⣬ֱӾͱҶǣ߽ȺС
ȻһʼǺܲʣܿ죬㲻Ӧھʵݳбˡ
ݳδĻعŷ֣ҶվԼΪһƬء
ҶĿȻҲȻȻĺԹȥ
Ȼ벻ǺܽԼżҶԼĺȻζ
ϢڱǼƣЩϰԵĲ⣬ȴûĸо
Ȼᡭ
屻Լˡ
ҶߣΪ赲˺ܶҪˡ
Ϊ֪֫ഥ
ʱݳѾ½½ɢˣȴЩģҶЩĵĳƣû°ɣ塣
㶵ҡҡͷû¡
ԵЩ겻ᡣ
ҶﲻҶʣɨһΧ˶ɢĲˣֵҲ߰ɡ
ŶáӦˡ
ҶüҲûʲôֱˡ
תĿǰһɨһЩϤӰһҶʱһ
ǡ


13 겻ɢ
ҶЩţոӰǸˣǾ鷳ˡ
˸Դ˼ȥװĵｫ·ˡ
ϰﻹǼȰ˵µģأԵúܿģؽ׬˲Ǯ
ҶƾһϰֻźķȰ˵
ֻ뿪ʱϰȻǽ촩·͸ǡ
ȻҶһֱھܾʾҪǮϰͳͳҪ
ĵǽѾ׬˺ܶǮˡ
Ҷ·ЩȻʵʲôûֻǴ·һȦѡ
ϰȻô롣
һȼֽôþҶĹ͡
Ҷ֮£ֻѡ˽ܡ
ϰҶһ˾Ƶꡣ
صƵѾӽ˵ˣϴһ𿴵ӣһ˶붯ȻҲȥԶ
ܿ͵ˣҶϵֻͻȻһϢ˹
Ҷ㿪һһӺѵϢ
ü˿ͷ֪ǸŮˡ
ֻǣôŮ
ٿ֤Ϣ˧磬˽һŶ
һǲҶָһֱӾܾԷ
ɳųţӺѵϢˡ
һΣһˣͷˣһԸŮͼƬһ崿ɰͷ
֤ϢҲˣ磬˽һ
Ҷüͷһޱļܾ
ûãϢˣ
Ҷ¿ӣֻԺŮΪͷĪ΢źţĬƬ̡
Һûʲôõ°ɣҶûʲôǷվΪʲôЩһд
ԱߵҶĻԷĶһ٣ԵЩ顣
ȿȣҳԱˣȻȥ˯ˣҲϢҴҵĵʰһֱˡ
Ҷ￴ıӰٴ˳˼
ڶ죬ΪǰѾһˣҶԹѾûô˼Ȼܴ󣬵ѾƽĹȥˡ
Ľͷײ׵Ůˡ
ɫܲãŸ߸һʱеСá
Ů˿۾ˣʼƵƵգ۾ƺлҪ˵
屾벻Ůֱӹ˵ǵĽףҶﻹԱأҪ֪΢źŮˣ˵
˰ʾɨɨΧѡһرСԵС̯
磬ʡ
ţˣҶû룬ͷ󺹵壬ʶΪˣҲˡ
˵ͷ˺ö֪࣬ʲôоܺóԵӡͰ͵ĶǸС̯
ҶЩЦֶЩˡ
ţȥ򡣡Ҷ
һֱӳС̯ȥС̯ϵĶ࣬˼ȥҶЩ壬϶
Զ忴ҶıӰۣˣϵ
ඣС˧硣
Ů˵ע˻֪ʱǸ׵ŮѾվԱˡ
ʲô𣿡Щ䣬ҲûǴЦ⣬ֱӴһɵСкĮꡣ
ĭĭˡ
һߣҶŸߣò׼̯棬ŷ֣̯λľȻǿը
ҶҶޱס˱ӡ
ǳԲⶫģϲô˿ַء
ֱ˸ʮǮĳͶʮǮը
ڵȴĹУҶһЩĵĹ۲ˡ
ͻȻҹǵӰٴӳУӰԱ߻һ޳һɫװˣݡ
ʱ߹ȥķòڵķ
Ҷɫһ䣬˲õȴԵˣֱӰǿȺķܣ̫ˣ˺ôľͻӵȺ
ԶͷӦĭĭ
ţǵĽ׽ڸ΢źţͬͬĺǸ飬Ұﲻ㡣岻͵ĵ
Сܵǲǻĭĭһ죬ִĵǮŰҡ
ĭĭĲƴȴΪǮ
΢źΪȷĸ粻ͬһİ˵ĺҪæֱʶǸܡ
Сܵ˵ͨ˵˵ﲻˣ´ɣҺǮģҪҸĳˣôȻٲ㡣Ů̬԰΢΢ͷһһҵС÷׷׵ͷȰ˵塣
̬أҸ磬ҼҾֻһ
ԣĭĭȵĿ壬㻹磿
֪뵽ʲôɫʱˣǡ
˲ͷһֱ¶һ˿Цݣ
ĭĭСã˸ۣ
رĭĭֱˣȫ벻Լϵ˾Ȼǡϲˣ
ԵЩ޴룬ҪǱʲôȫµģӮùЩŮˣԵĲòЩ׼Ա
ĭĭСǶһۣͬʱ壬Ǹðɣҷ
ֻǡĭĭȥе᣺𣿡
ǰ仰ϵЦݶ࣬һ仰ֱӿˡ
Ȼôʲãǲеġĭĭȥƺָ侲Ȼе䵫ûþͻָˣʼ˵̡
Բʮ꣬Ϊʵ̫ˡ
֮ȣҶͳˣžʮšʮֵ꣬ഺ˧ˡ
ã֪ˡĿ
ĭĭĲ廰ġǡ˽
ǣҲû𣿡ĭĭСʵ
ǶǸѧҶ΢ɲĹ˹Щģɵĵ
ĭĭһһһ򻹲ˤˣﶼչδᱻе𲽡
֮ǰǰС˧ûѾҶһأҶȻδ궼ǣû뵽Ҫδ˾Ȼ
ԭЩǰƭǮǸ˧ѾȻ΢źǮûء
Ȼ˿̣˵ҪûǮˣĭĭǮлܵܣʱֹ˿Ҫ
ǸĭĭһһұС÷ţЩվȣˣ͵ûмңлл
ĭĭ˵ֱ꣬ˡ
ۿԶȥϵЦʧΪƽ
Լǳ鷳΢΢³һͻȻЩˣҪ̧Զ̵ȥĿȴأվǰԶӰϡ
ɫ΢䣬Ǹǡ
ô
ʱԶ˵ƺǲʲôüȥһһ˾ʹ
壡
Ӧ˭Ժʱ󲽳ȥ
Ȼߵ;ͱ
Ҷһװ˼ߵĸߴǰѷɫΪԴĮݣѹһ
ҶҪ
ҶɫԽÿʲôҵҵĵ
Ҷﲻԡ
հ裬ۿΧοͶҪۼˣսȭͷ
ǲ뱻ΧۣͷѹҶߵǸҵš
ҶûػֻĿ
̧ɨܹ壬һЦһתˡ
û۵ǿҶ磬û°ɣ
Ҷҡҡͷû¡
ŷ΢΢ĿһԶߵıӰ
겻ɢ



14 벻ˡ
ĳΪڽҶ뿪˹
صƵȥϴ裬ҶĬƬʵС˵ûڵ㣬Ҵ¾𣿡
翪ʼһнпܷδֵϵͳ
Ҳ˵ľܻᷢı𣿡Ҷʡ
ϵͳš
С˵ֻݣӦúʵһʵ硣
ʵ硭
Ҷ㶣֪ʲôþʧ
ϵͳʵһıʲôΧҲΪĸıı䡣
Ҷüʲô˼
ϵͳԼ򡣡
Ҷ
ϵͳһĸ䡣
ϵͳĻˡ
մʱԭڹ⣬ĸϵһ㣬Լһס
ҶҶĸΪæҲٹעԭԭи磬ڹڡ
ֻԴӻʼûϵ磬סǸԢʵѧʱģת͸ԭ
ԽԺûϵԭĸĸĴæֱȷɵڲŴ绰ԭװæתѧ
ҲǴϵԺҲûϵˣҪԭĸԼӱˡ
Ȼûϵǣ˻ÿ춼
һһõһȥȡǮҶһ
ɴ˿֪ԭĳǷǳõġ
óֻͻȻ
Ҷһһİ롣
ЩֵĽΪӦǱ˴ˣΪ»ĺ룬˴ԭĸ⣬û֪
Ψ֪ˣԡҴء
绰ͨҶƽġιһȴû˻Ӧ
Ҷüĵĵιʲô𣿡
棺ҶðɣǴˣҶεţҪֻջذϣһ䵭ͳͻȻֻﴫ˰ع֪ͨҡ
Ҷһ٣ǰɣŸ뵽˸磬Դ绰ˣ
Ҷþûش𣬶ĬƬֵҾſڣҿţСƢˣѾСˡ
СƢҶҽ첻ڼҡ
ڼңҶü˿ǰյķţòҲǺڵģŲòԼˡ
Ҷȥˣ
ʱûǴĻӦǼڰɣڲڼңǾȥˣֻǳһ˵첻ڼңǾȥˣȥһȥҲܡ
˭ҶҶش𣬼ʵ
ҶʵʵĵKǵһ򣬸һ𡣡
Ҷͳһ̵ϣ޳ָѣסУ𣿡
ҶӣûУһѣҰˣǺ״̬
Ҷһ̣Ҳû׷ʣУʱһɣʱ绰ңȥ㡣
Ҷ˵ãתһ״磬ֱӾܾǲ̫ã͵ͷӦõġ
˵绰ԺҶֻһ
պãϴеķҶĲԾ
壺緢ʲô𣿡
Ҷ΢΢̧ͷû£ȥϴ裬ǽȥ԰ɡ
˵꣬Ҷ˼·ëͽԡҡ
ͷ峺תתĿҶɳֻϣãµջĿ⡣
Ҷϴ㴵˸ͷ͸š
ĵڶ죬ֻȥ˹ûھƵΧΪط򣬷羰ҲǺܲġ
ûйô࣬еȼٷ⡣
ΪƵΧ󲿷ҲǾƵ꣬Ҷãҵһװ޲ķݡ
˸ˮţܣ˳Ա󣬾ڸ˹ʳ
պãߵһ̳иϷҶ˽ȥ
һϷٳʱ·һץ޻޻һܿɰżɫĴè
ķǳ󣬶ȫûʣǰףһ˫۾ˮɫġ
忴һۣջĿ⣬ֿһۣջĿ⣬߹ˣŤͷȥۡ
Ҷͣ½Ųֱ˹ȥ
èͦɰġվ޻ǰҶﲻɫĹ۲淨һĵĵ
棬⻰˰
СӦ𣺡ͦɰġ
ͦսԣҪ𣿡ҶŤͷ壬޻ץģüģĿһƺܶ˶飬ǸЩëˣȴǼǿûжϵ
ðӦ
Ҷ˿ȥ˱ңͶȥվһԿ
򴽣Щ֪룬û
ҶüֱԱָ
ոտ˹ֻҪϾͺãӦǺܼ򵥵ġ
ҶĻһһĲš
վûպþ룬ǼûǼˡ
һѣˡ
ҶЩ֣ô
źܼ򵥰һˡ
ʣҶˣһδβҲǰĥһë
Ҷ
ȿȣⲻ϶ǿǮġҶͷЩεĵ
û뵽Ȼͬĵ˵ͷ
Ϊ֤治ԼУҶִȥԱߵץ޻һץʮһΣץ˰˸ޡ
һΣҶɫÿࡣ
ҪǸ޵Ļ̫ˣǵϱֻҪǹϷģͦԵģû뵽һӢܸ޻
ˡҶ￴űڶ޵
޿ɰ޵˺޵ĳ¸ɰˡ
գգ۾Щţ⡭ȫ𣿡
Ҷ￴϶ĵ˵ͷֲϲЩҪЩ޸Ҳ䣬嵹Ǻ䡣
õ϶𸴺һ˫ģرҫ鶯
ûãϲþͱոסˣ̫ˣ
Ͼ
ҶԺ󣬽͸̳ļɰСѡ
ޣһǿżһëڹꡣ
żҶ岢̳߳
ʱѾ
˹һ춼ЩۣպһССϢṩϢ
ϢʱҶǳȥˮֽϲ̳Ϣš
ʮӺҶﱧŴè̳鿴ŲĮϲɫ
ȻȫĴèȥЩ֣ɿˣȴĪİ䡣
̳ԱǸưɣŮŮȥҶﱧŴèҡټüĿˡ
ŮҶЩɵĿⴥĮĿʱӲˡ
һ֪Ҷӿ˲ַӳȵƣߵúܿ졣
·һСʱͻȻòԡ
ԼĳǺ˾Ƶ¡
ҶޱıèŲֱͣǰ˻߽ӡ
Ĵè棬ӺܺڣһӲſԼĹâǽ
ɨһۣҶ²Ӧո·ľưɵĺš
ưȾµ̫ˣҶﱾΪִ߽˿ŷ۸һ˵ĴŻɫװˡ
ǵ۸ձϵ۸Ҷ￴һ׳ĳ죬űǰǽߵҪȥʱȭͷɶƵӲˡ
ǰûӦһŽ׳߷ɡ
Ҷｫ۸˻ĿŻЩ׳
׳ͻȻֵҶŪЩ֪룬ֱڵϵ˵ͺ𣬡ŸʲôϽң
ǲŻعڵϵ˷
˱󣬶ʱݺݵĿҶСӣǸϣ
Լ緢ˣֱȭͷȥûã¾ͱҶˡ
ֻܼβͻˡ
˸ܺҶת鿴˵ûˣֻʶ̫ѡ
Ҷǰʵû°ɣ
Ľŷ֣˳úζ
һܿʵòĺÿͬ˳úζһװģճ޳͵ߣķ˿ɢģڸס΢΢üĿ˼˼͡
ʱ˫Ŀ۽΢Ҷһ޷ģӢģƻĸɸɾżִ
ģҶҶԷˣҪ⸱ӿ϶ֻһЩ߰ˡ
ɾһֱҲа
Ҷչȥ˵˾䡸Ǹ֮Ҫ˱
ȴû뵽ȥѾòеͻȻֱ֣ܴҶգҪҶＰʱӦ˵ˡ
䣬ź⣬ҶתպöǱ
ûάֶãȴֱ档
ҶһֱŤͷ߲ˣԴϺ߲ˡ
ģҲʲôҸոջ㡣Ҷӣ΢΢ͷĵĵ
ֺسֻͷۣԼ˿̵Ĵʲôġ
۱ѣĵҪŰ棬Ȼ˸Ҷҩ
ǰһˣֺس΢΢ͷ¿֪Լ˾ˡ
ʱ״̬ȴ˿˭֪˵׻ʲô˼
ֺسеĺˡ
΢΢ͷΪߵԭֺسǰ˵ݣֻԼһ
ι㻹ܳŵס𣿡Ҷʵ
ЩΣ˲ָʱ䣬뿪ĺܾˣҲ֪Ǳôˣҹˣʲô˶Уһ㶼ȫ
ôţҶЩˡ
ιҪҪҸ绰ûʶ⸽Ҷ
ֺسֻͣҪǿţȫҶ˵ʲô
ҶҪֱܲǿжֵʱһͬװѵƿ˺š
ƹʱ˳
˴۾һģ
ǽ״̬ԲԵֺسɫһ䣬æ첽߹
ܣ
ҶƺʶĬĬһԣߣװġ
ֱǸƺʶˣҶŷ
תĬ뿪ˡ
˲ʱ䣬ҶűŴèصϢ
Ϣȴ塣
Ҷɫ΢䣬Χңˡ
ֱߵһ·ڣ·һֻëڹ꣬ץġ
ҶȻЩɲʵʼһֱС



15 
ϵͳģҶ΢ʵ
ϵͳ׷١
ǰ״תһס
Ҷϵͳʾȥܵһڵûһ˿ӡ
ƺһɶζ
ҶűӣͳֵֻͲ߽ȥ
ȷ⣿ҶЩš
Ľ̶ȿ··ֵطôܵ
ϵͳ֮Ŀ϶һ⣬Ҷû취ֻܲͣ롣
ƺǸĳӾͷˣǸͬ
Ҷȥȥ˺ܾãˡ
Ҫϵͳֹ뷭ǽȥҡ
Ͱ
ϵͳʾֱˡ
ϵͳʾĻҶЩţôܻͰ
Ŀ߼ŵɫͰѲӣһȻ˵⣬һĸͰÿһͰ϶ںһƬֻĵͰվȻͰ٣ٺܶ࣬ȥҲͰɾ١
Ҷ߹ȥִ̧ͰʲôûС
ҶЩɻ󣬾ʱͻȻͷƤ飬һΣյĸоȻϮҶ˼ӣһźɨȥ
ǹص𣬽žطĳͨԼԼʹ
Ҷе죬ûж˱Լ򵹣Ҷȥ˫˽ס
ҪȥǸľҶﲻɼϵ
𶯡Ҷ
ֵǣԺֵµ˾ȻĲˡ
Ҷֻʵû˷ſһεĽˣһֻȥŵڵϵֻ
ֻպǱأֵͲڸסˣֻԼĹߴ벻Զ
Ҷɵľõֻֻһ̣ڵĵؽ类ĹԳԭò
ѹƵҲֳò
Ȼͷеңе࣬·еɿ壬ڵƹԵԽ͸ƤλεĸҶѹµˣ壬С˵˹
Ҷ
ҶﾪһȻ𣬶ʧȥһƽĿһ
ҶֻЩǸҲ֪㡣
ţûػúһ̧ͷҶǿЦЦصûϵҶȣָ硣
ɹҶ侲ô£ոô˵
ƺǶ˶ӣЩĵҺ£˵ˡ
ԣҶЩգҪ֮ǰһЩʱ䣬Ҳᱻų
Ҷʵ
ûشֻۿɼĶ˼£Ҷȷˣ
ʱҲˣҶû̫֣࣬Ҫ
ֲȥĽ񱡣
Ҷ˶ٸҪջȴһס֣վ
㲻н𣿡Ҷڻ̲סʵ
ǲһġشҶƺסֽŵۻ࣬Ӧ粻ҪҲǡ
գ۾峺Ҷı鿴žȫĵ
յֻûɿҶĸܵϵԼƤ֬Ѫһͻһͻģϵһ
ҶӦ
ʱ䲻ˣѾûʲôˣҶﻹǣ壬Ӧ˵Ÿ׼ȷ
ղ˵㣬ôһˤˤë˶ЩҶô
ȻעǸ֮ҹ˲ŸճӣԶһڵ߸
ĿԼаˡŸˣ˸
ҶｫԼ˴Լǰֱ氵ӿ
Ӵ˵ôˣԭǰˡľЦһţʮ߰ͣüȴó˶µ
Ҷ⻰䣬СҶﵲţóֻĴһ绰
ҶûƣԹŵս
Ҫ壬Ҫôˣ²̫ʵ
ֻܰȱˣҶﵱ˾ϡ
棬˴ԼĿʱ
аҲûãϣȣ׳ֱŹӾͳ˹ȥ
ǿʼһɲǣҶﵱϽǰһơ
ߣ
˵ֱ꣬ӳֿȭӭⳡս
ûԥתܣɫȥܲ԰ףȴֺƽ
ֻ֮ǰ˵ˣұȫʹ
ƲסĿ˿ȣĽŲʱͻȻ
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ҶﵱȻȥ׷壬һ˵ķʽȡ󺺵ĵأǵĹӣĸǶԴ
ôҲѧȻЩѣҶһ󺺣ȫû·硣
ֱļ룬ҪĻӶľҶﱻǣƣһӴȥͷ­
ҶֻͷһʹžһѣΡ
ԼƺѾ˺Զƺعͷգգ۾ٿȥʱӰѾˡ
ͷйҶﶯͱϲɱ˼
ȻйˣҶﻹ̷󺺡
ʣĸһ
γһԲνҶΧס
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ҶûػĿ⾯ĿľѾĲˣǽš
㱻Եòᰡܺãҵʣɡ˵ţһ󺺶ֵʱеľҲӦ£ҶϣһѪۺȻ档
Ҷ˷Ĺһʱ죬ֱӱ̷ڵء
ڵϣҶĿ΢䣬ϻʹ׵ŭˣޡһ³һѪҡҡλεվ
ҶĿĿҰޣëȻ
Ŀ⣬̲ס
죬ӦԼȻҶŵˣʱ߳ŭˡ
Ǹϣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷ̧ľʱֱӭȥӲֱˡ
Ŵ㶣Ҷٵİǵļлֱ
ɫһ䣬Ҫֱ̧֣ȴȻҶסˣ꡹һֱֱѾˣľҲл䣬һҽС
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û뵽Ҷ̧һߣֱӹڵϣ¶ʹ࣬ŵͣס˽Ų
ڵģۣ
ҶĿƽһſϲ˺ۣϵĺǺˡ
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ǲҳɣľͳ˹ȥǻûҶľǺµĶףڵϵֵһ̵ˡ
ͽڵϷȮһĽš
psл˵
ҳƴʱҪʼˣҲˡ


16 ԭϲ
ϵʱ˶ܵòˣֻʣҶ
ҲܲˣҶǸҪܣҲĴΧȣռ
ֻĴеҶ˺ۻġ
ھ󣬽ֳȿһľ֧վҶһƬѪۣͷҲðѪ˫պףһǱ
侲ݹƬֱ̣ӳ˹ȥԼûвĵۡ
û¡Ҷ΢壬İο
ϡϻۣҪӣҶﶼȷԼܲվ
ҪȥҽԺʱҶߵġ
ӿϺܼѣΪҶ̫ˣԼҲе϶ðϸ
ҶЩΣҲģûˡ
Ҫþͬ־ҰɡҶѵĵ
ҿԡܾˣ쳣ִ֡
ðɡ
Ҷû˵ֻͻȻ뵽ǸԼڽֱߵİɫè
ǿץ˺þòץģҪǾ̫ϧˡ
ţһľٸպ·ߣҶͰԼȥôè
СٺˬĴӦҶҲһ
ʱȻҲˣͷ󺹵ĽҶţҲ̧˫´ڴϣһֺ޺޵ǡ
Ҷɨһ۾ûٿŤͷȥ𴦣壬ĿĿԶһЩɢ֮ƷŶõȥЩ
ƺǲͼɫ䣬ӳճȥֱ߹ҽԱ˽ȥ
ҪɱңҲҪҪɱңͻȻУܡ
˹ЩɵɨɨҶ
ҶѵҡҡͷģҪ޹ж޹Ǳ׵ݣʵ˺ŶˣҶﻹܶ֡
壡Ҫɱң¶־Ŀ壬ԼͱɱƺҲǲܣ
ּ忴壬ͼӣµҶ߼С·ģȥǿ
һˣôܻɱأ
ǶţһԵҶɫҲǳջָһͻȻ̧һߣֱӽӴ߷ȥ
ʵʲôԼѪˣͳҶĿ³Ŀ˺۵Īĺˡ
߷ڵأֵ̧ͷ⧲ȻҶ˫Ŀ뵽˫۱жµʹ࣬һ¶ʱ˵ˡ
ҽԺһԿҽҶҩϵ˿ʵǶ࣬ϵĲȥЩɲ
ſţͻȻðһİĪľЩ˿ںܴۣ޲ʲôһһĨȥ
ҿͱˡ
أҶͻȻڶһ̧ͷϵľҶЩǵĿ⡣
ǿЦЦû£Ҳ¡
Ҷﲻţǿ֣Ҳû˵ʲôֻϺҩԺ·
ʵҲˣ˵Լûʲô󰭲ҩ
ҶȰ˵Ƭ̣ȰҲûȰˡ
Ҷڼ䣬оˣ˵Ҫ˽龭ҶûҲǿ͹۵鷢ȫ̡
Ҷﻹ˵ǰ¹УԹﱻųڵǱ
ؾʾ˽⣬˵˲¼ࡣ
˶δ꣬ҶҪҳϵʽ
ʻľǰҶаæᾯҲʹèˡ
Ҷʾ˸л
èĺܴ󣬱ڲֱռȥ˴λá
㶵ĿŴèЩã
Ҷ˼Ǹȥԣû뵽ɹˡ
ԭǸΪʲôôûԭ𣿡ͷָ͵͵ġ
ҶͻȻе飬ԭʵΪ˾ˡ
ԣʱ·ֵ˵¡Ҷ
ԣ̧ͷϲ𣿡
»Ҷˣʶķʵ㲻ϲ𣿡
ˣҪ岻ϲʲôʱ
ǿȻżĿ⻹ʱʱèΪϲȥèġ
Ϊϲַȥ𣿡Ƭ̺ʵ
԰Ҷԥĵ˵ͷһӦģ
ſӵ΢΢ɣ³һ¶һЦݣлл磬Һϲ
룬ˣҶΪʲôѾ˼ıÿһ񡢶עÿһε벻ʡ
ӦϲԼ
ҶϲԼ
óۺﲻûĸоһ˿˿ϲ
ȻΪҶϲеϲʶָ̧ؿڣ¶ã
ʱ֪Ҷ˵ϲŷôŬǻϿɵģ
ӣӦûԺҪǰԶһ㣬Ӧûɡ
ҶĿϣ˼ԡ
ҶĿ⣬ʱɶƵЩ̡
ʵڻСЩԺ˵ɡͷ˫ֽһЩ
ԶԶԣС㻹СҶ˵ʲôСʱֱ屻ǿʱûֱ꣬ɥ
壬֮ǰǧ̸֪𣿻ҪǿһЩ̬飬һҪ˵Ҷ໰ﻹһ˿˿ײĽš
屻ҶĴˣǿŵӣůġ
ã֪ˡӦ
Щεš
õı֤ҶʱԱ߶ţһС˵۸ˣ˳Ҳܻؼˡ
ڶ죬Ҷһ͸պöһųָЩ
Ҷ
ô֪˭Ҷü˹ת˸ƷҶｲ
磬ôˣҶЩεӣ硹еĪ顣
øζܱͷһĵܵܡҶվҶﵹ˱ˮ˹ȥ
ллҶεĽӹˮ
һˡҶ£̧ü䣬Щƣ
ҶˮĶ˶٣ҶһɫװϽ
ֻϽĴŲҵķ˿ûдһɿĴڶǰ
Ȼô绹Ǻ˧Ҷ￴ȴĪľЩͻأ˵Ҷһ۾ܿƣˡ
͸Ϲ𣿡Ҷｫˮ£תʵ
Ҷᡸšһҹһӵ绰͸Ϲˡ
Դʱһҹδ˯е㷢Ρ
ҪҪ˯һҶŲŲҪ´˸粹
Ҷסã߶˾Ƶֻ꣬ȹ㡣
ǸȻȥϢɣû¡Ҷ
УٹҶվܸߣĿҶﻹ߰ͷһɫװԵĺܺãͣһǾ
Ǹټ
ټúϢҶһװֳҶﶣһ뿪
ֻ߳ҽԺһˡ
ҶܣôȻҲҶʱһȵӭ˹
Ҷ䵭ĵ˵ͷеҪ
ɰ˸̾ҲǣҼǸСһ£Զ鷳һˣǲ
ԹԵ߶һѣҶվûãƺԼ̫ˣʱ
Ҷ¾ȥæɣ´ټԷ
ǰһЦݵˣҶûоܾӦ
УҾʧˡҶ˵˵ͷ뿪
Ҷ뿪ԺϵЦһգһϵӣҽԺ
һʱ˿̵Ӿˡ
ֻ˫űϺʯ࣬һܶ
ĿѣôһӣȻ˳
˵˭ɵģһŹҧгݵĵĻǴＷһݺݵģ



17 ιޣ
磬ҶͣȥʱͼһĸߴˣҶҨ
Ҷ￴ǰķպÿ򷹻壬۾ʱ
ҶҶתȥûһת˻
˵ѣҶŸʸĳèİӣµʵ
ԡҶͷӦ߹Ϳʼܵ壬Ҵ硣磬Ҹ˵ѡ
Ҷüǰװ׾֪꣬Ϊʲô̫ϲˡ
ǵܵܵѣҶҲҶǰΪ
áҶ֡
ͷûпҶԵЩηηҪֲңҲԶ
ҶüͷԽˣջ֣ݸΪĮ
ȿȣ磬ϲ˽Ӵôʶһ¾ͺˡҶԸæ
Ҷ˵ͷû˵ʲôŻҶϣտʼĶ
ӣԹ뷹ˣ
ҶҲſڣ
û뵽䵭һܲŪ̳մȨĴ磬ԴСܾȻģ
ֲôӼϿԭһ㶼ദԭԭģʵ̫Ϊ飬ˣҪСһι
磬ҾԼԣҲûˣԼɡҶĵ
Уһ˿أҶͬĵ
ȥǸ䵭ӣɶָԣԴҶǶԴСһ
ҶΣȫ֪ô졣
ʱԱһֱĬ·𿴵ҶΣͻȻĿڵǸ磬ҶеڵģҪɡ
ԣҶЩȵĿȥ
ҶüҶι㣬᲻𣿡
Ҷᡣ
ֲСˣһ˱ι˭ڰҶ̲ס²ۡ
õ𸴣ʹҶЩԸ뿪ˡ
뿪岹ȥӽ˽̬࣬ɡ
ҶԲһ壬Ŀ
ʱѾιҶԷˡ
ֻСľףС̡
Ҷﶢǰķ˰죬ã˿ڡ
ιľҪιģȻιѡˡ
ԺҶࡣ
Եİ塣
Ȼͷ֣ʱ䣬ǲһ㡭
Ϻ˵⣬ȥܺӡ
Ҳ˲٣һ˫۾ģ峺ÿ
ͷе㳤ˣҪס۾ˣߵȻȥʱԴȥͷ

վһ¡ҶȻ
ûͷûԵĻһ£վ
Ҷ壬Ӵϻ£塣
ֱ̧˱ȣպøߵԼ°ʹ
ʱ̾㳤ˡ
գգ۾е㷴Ӧ
֮ǰֻҶָָԼλãڵ°ˡ
桭𣿡ЩͰ͵ĵ
ģˡҶЩοԺ
ϾϵԼڵ߶һһιĳġ
߰е㰫ҶԱ߿Լҵܵܵɵɿڴ
崽߸һ˿ΪҶĻѹȥ
Ҷ
ͦõģͦϲġҶ￴ǰ԰һͷˣɫķԲԲģܿɰЩҪȥָһ˳ġ
ô˵ͻȻ̧ͷġ
ңڲʮ꣬ڳأֻҪһ㣬˯һ㣬һܳߵģġҶﰲο
˵ͷȥԹԵġ
ҶתʱͽȻбɨҶһۡ
ҶڹעҶȻһѭŸоȥÿڶԼЦ
ޱĽתأҶ֪ΪʲôʶĶһ
ҶɻشϣҲιҲ֪ǲҶĴֵֹܾģһ˫۾Ҳһֱڶװ˺ܶණҶʶҪӱܡ
ҡԱˡҶƫƫͷ
û˵ʲôʰ÷УһŪúλϣҶ
ҶˣұҲˣԼʱܲڡ
´ȴҶˡ
ţáҶĵ
ҶΣֻȥ
ʱͻȻĿϤ
磬ؼˡ
ȵϢҶϣŵ΢΢⡣
ҺõˣǾͻȥҶҲѹ
ʵеΣ˱εģû뵽Ϊˣ޷ȥ
Բ𰡣硣
ҶҪô壬ͻȻǸ
ҪΪңҲˣǸ鷳ҳϹϵ׼ù磬ҪҪԶҡ
͵͵ģͷҶҲݡ
ɶ˵ĻҶﵹ˸һ
˵ҲԶģˣҲΪ˵ģˡҶĵ
֮ɲǻԶలµģҪؼҺͲĻͱҪߡ
Ҫ˦Ҫ뷽跨ȥ
ദôãҲе飬ܻ֪ΣջҪĿ屻۸
˵Զ룬ܣѾһˣ翪ʼѾһˡ
Ҫ̫𣿡Ҷ̲ס̧ͷܾˡ
һһ̧ͷҶ˵磬Լ˵ĲԶ룬Ժ㲻ܷŶ
Ҷ˵ͷţڡ
죬ͻȻеʵ˻
⣬ûش𣬾ֻЦЦžת˱Ļ⡣
˵õĻԱ߱ԵҶʱˡ
Ŀ˿ȣʱɹĽҶĿ˹
ҲֱӣҶ
ֻҶĮɨɨ壬ۺ
Ҷ￴ʱĲʧˣȻݿŻ䵭ȴ顣
ˣͷԼ֣֪ʲô
ҶҲɴ˸Ҷ̸ĵҪҪ߸ĸʱ򣬲ͻȻˡ
忪ţǼ졣
ԭѾˣ֮ǰľȷ࣬ȷ¡
ɵȥʱȴԷ˸֪ҪʦҪҶˡ
ǾҶҪôҪ˽˻Ҫ߷ɳϷͥ
ȻҪ߷ɳǾߡ
Ҷﻹû˵Ҷֱվ
ǶһۣӦֱ뿪ˡ
뿪ûãٴδӵ졣
ɳаǲҵҪ˭ôӲ
ԶҶźЩϤ
˽źҶ֪ΪʲôôϤΪĸף
ֻ뵱ȵģͬԵЩŭ
ŭûάֶãڽżվҶﴲǰҶʱ˲ͱȡ
psл˵
ǰдĲãָ˵㣬˵㻥


18 
Ƕ˶ҶɻҶܣ
Ҷ̧ͷĮ
죬ſڵܣҲˣҹӲ𣿡
ԣʱɴ۾
죬ɨһҶЩʵҶܣ⡭ʲôϵ
ҵܵܣ𣿡ҶЩá
⡭Ҷҡſڲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôֻεվţһʼγԱȡ
ûϵֻҪ߷ɳѣ˵Ƕٷҿ޸ˡҶĵ
ɫʱѿˣҶܣҪ϶Ͼ𣿡
ԡҶԥĵ
Ҷе𾪣ûҪûҪ
磬㡭
Ҫ˵ôû뵽ҶĻ
ҪǶңǶڰ裬κκ¶ҪҶҶĵ
ҶҶһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôá
˵ĺɵƫ̻һֵ̱쾡¡
ǣƫ̻ȴڿϣʱ¶ҶҪãǿٺú֮ССҹ˾档
ֱֱҶȻˡ
Ҷ̧ۣҸϺûɣ˵ѹң
ҺϵĹϵӦɫҲ
УֺسԼ̸УϵķչҪûаѪԵϵĽҪҶüһͷ
һҭ̸ȥˣ˦˦Լˡ
Ҷ￴ڵŭߣе
˵Ĺһһ
ֺسе찡
Ҷ˼ڤ룬벻Լ֡
ҶúͶ룬ûпԱߵΪ¶
˺ܾãҶﻹûȻԲˣŤͷҪ˵˵ͼɫ԰ףһܲӡ
ôˣҶЩĵʵ
ҡҡͷû£ȥϴּ䡣
Ҷãȥɡ
һ·Ŀ뿪ҶĿϣܾԼ©ʲôɾ벻
ˣ˶ûӰˡ
Ҷǵͳ䵭ҶջߣתͶעҶϡ
ûҶεĵȷʵû尡ڿţڷ
͡ҶȻš
ҶҲûͣͼ顣
ѣôʶģҶٴγʵ
Ҷתѧʶģһࡣ
Ҷô
ҶЩֵĿҶȻܺðҲܿ

֪ô˵ֻҪ֪Ǹ˾ˡҶ
Ҷ˿Ҷ̾˿ʱ˲ܿ棬ͷεģԼעŵ㣬˶֪
ҶҪҲò֤ݣܸܲ˵С˵ǺˣǱ۸һ
Ҫô˵ˣ͵ȥԺˡ
ϵͳ˵Ҹƫǲ̫ˣҶﲻܸҶ˵̲࣬סϵͳ˵
ϵͳ
Ҳֻ֪֪翪ʼһжᷢı䡣
ĸı䲻ָ飬ָеһС
ҶЩɻ󣺡ʲô˼
ϵͳĮԼ򡣡
аɣҶ˸ϵͳͨ
ʱһεϡ
֪˭Ҷ˸绰ûãʹ˫ۻõˡ
ɫȥѿĲУҲûкÿ١
Ҷܣҳ嶯ˣѾѵСˣĴǻѴҶСӵȺҳҲǰҶСӳؾĵ
ﻰ˼ǽƸǰ󺺣ժ˸ɾ
Ҷû˵̧°ͳҶķ
ɫһ˲תҶ
ԭҶСӰѹϴμ㣬;졣Ц
ҶﳯףҲϻֱӽ⡣
ʵҲִֻǰ˵ùӳСŵ㣬ɹӻһŰ谡
ѧУˣѧУ滹һڼӾܾþѰôء
Ҷ˵ž壬ȴһĵĮˣȻôǻԽ˽Ūߣ׸˺Ŀԡ
ȳסˣҶΪ˭ҡ
û˵ͱסˡ
Уһҧгݵĵ
˵ֱ꣬뿪ˡ
ץӽƿ
֣ΪʲôҪҳҲҪΪʲôҶϼŵСӣǻС˰ϺϼѵҶ𣿡
죬С˷Ըģ
СС˵ģסˡ
Դ绰ģ֪ģڻҪϣС˵ĻҲܲһƣֱͦȥȥ޶˼֡
߾ΪСģȻС˲ܣҶСӣ˵㣬ǺͿ
ɸֵһ˦ӣһ뿪ˡ
ͽųص˫վԭأȻ
ͬʱ׿⣬ޱĿڸߴԲ棬ָĿԲϵ͹ǵѪָȴоһеĿŪš



19 ͬ
ҹҶȥ˵ȥϴּ֮ͳٳδһˮˡ
ҶҪ˯£ˡ
ȥˣҶźڰеӰʵ
ȥΧ˹䣬ͦġ彫ˮ£ûпƣôźߵҶﴲǰ
ɫҶֻԼϵ
һ£ҿһµơҶ˵žҪȴֹˡ
ÿˣ磬ҽ˯𣿡Ҷ֡
ҶüԼʲôееֲڡ
ͷ֮µֻóҶĻŵƹ⿴ȥոǰɴֲźɴ
ô£Ҷʵ
ЦЦͰĵƹԽԵĲ԰ס
СŪˣѾˡ
Ҷ򴽣Ҳûʡ
Ը磬𣿡ڵֱֱĿҶһӡ
Ҷ΢΢壬ԥһµǿԣֻǣ𣿡
Ҷﲻûк˯СʱǺʦֵ˯ģֻǣ⣬ҶﻹûԹ˯һ
Ѿӽ꣬ĶСⲡ϶װ
װˣҲҪһ֮ǰô˽ӴȻ׽ˣҶﲢȷ׽Դﵽͬĵز
忴ҶһͻȻȵϢҶϣȵģġ
˵ǸĻҿԡ
ҹɫڸǣ˿̵Ϊܴ󵨣ƽĵȫһ
ҶﲻʵˣֻΪʹöԶϨˡ
ԴʱֻģĿһɫļӰ
㲻ĻǾɡҶԱŲŲ㹻λá
ҹ˸OO@@һ˲󣬾˴΢⡣
֪ΪʲôҶͻȻеţһֱԱŲֱӶ棬ֹͣ
ϴͳĬˣҶҲû˵
Ȼ֮ľҶԼζıǼ⻷ƣһƬëƮ䵽һ̶У΢
úҶҲͲסл˯ͽȻһ磬
Ҫۿ˭˵ʱʶȴϺȵԽԽֻܱʶڰ֮У˯ȥ
ڶ죬Ҷĸоѹġ
ãգգ۾ͻȻֱЩؿڻЩġ
ͷһë׵Դʱӳ
Ҷ˲ѣҹļҲӿ
ԣ˿̱ıڻģ˯ޱˣ塣
ҶƬ̺󣬾СջԼϵֱۡ
һֱֻۻԴ£ҶֱֻͦͦţȫҶ
úһֱҶ﷢۽޶˶Ҫһ
ĿԻΣҶۣװûѵӡ
˶˶ҶͲһǿҵ߶Լ˺ܾá
õҶе֧ŲסҪ۵ʱǵʧˡ
ֱֻ֮һᣬһգˡ
Ҷĵۣͼŵ˴򿪷˳ȥ
ߺҶȫ۾˸ŵȴֱϵʹʧ
Ǽƺϵ㣬Ҷ￴컨壬ѵõķһδ
磬ҽҶ壬ҶԳԺˡ
ҶѱĲУһ˵ԳԺʱܸˡ
Ҷ˳ǣǰæʰһ²ָҶһȥ˾Ƶʰ˷
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Ҷ˾£ҶĹԢһ뿪ˡ
ԢֻʣҶ塣
ǽĴèŵŷؿѯҶҪʲô
ҶЩԵļ࣬òУҲԷ˸
ܿ죬ͽæȥˡ
Ҷڿһ󣬰ͲסȽ˷䡣
Ŀȷֱԡҡ
ԡһӣҶվھǰŪ
۽ǴߡҲվһƬȥҡ
ټͿҩƻƺںϵģĵرס
ҶޱĿһת뿪ԡҡ
ߵһŨʳζҶӣѭζ˳
棬ҶЦЦ˰ɣȵȣϾͺˡ
ҶӦһȻ߹ȥ岢վһ𣬶ڹ﷭ŷ๾
ԺҶסҪֽ塣
ɣֲ㡣Ҷ˵žͿʼĶ
ûãҶͶ˱ǵ˳
ϣͷ֪ʲôҶ̲ס԰ɣˡ
㲻Ҫȥɡ
˵ţҪվ
弱æס˸磬ҳʲôԣֻ룬˵ʲôʱܺá
˵ţ˹źɴ֣ǹõ֡
Ҷְοܻõģſġ
˵ͷѵ̧ӣҪȴû
һֱҶ
Ҫι㣿
ôɴòӳԷҶ뵽ҽԺιɿ
ɡ𣿡忴Щţе졣
ҶݸȻԡ
˵Ҷ˹ȥ岢ţӹĿӣǽжϣö̶̵ģܵһС룬ſʼͶι
ӺϸҲܰҶÿζǵľ׽Ժιڶڡ
տʼҶΪιǸ鷳ֺḶ́ιιţ뷨ͷ˸ı䣬СһԹԳ壬ҶͽȻһĪУĿжԼûֵĴȰ
ָов԰ʱŶͻȻˡ
ҶſӺЩɻһ˵ұˡ
ҶЩӦŴﻹʣһŤͷ˿ӰС壬̲סȰҪҪٶԵ㣬Եöųÿ졭
ҡҡͷԲˣøˡ
Ҷֻźķ룬صԼλϳԼ档
Ѿһһ飬趼ѡ
Ҷﲻ⣬ֱͳԡ
ųͻȻ˵԰ϴ𣿡
ۡȿȡ
ҶֱǺˣ濨Ĳ
ɫһ䣬æҶﵹ˱ˮ
Ҷӹˮ๾һȫ£žͨ˳
˳ûãڿվԱһǵʱҶԼĲӺֱʲôסˣ㶵Ĳ֪˵ʲô
Բ磬Ҳǹģֻ֮ǰҰ˿ڵҽ˵ҲҪˮ粻ԸҲûϵġЦЦ
ֻЦݿŸǿҶ˲;ԼķӦǲ̫ˣ˼嶼ûôֻ࣬ǵĲæѣ̫ˡ
ôһҶҵڽ˿ѹȥ
ſڣҪӦɳϵֻͻȻ
ǸҶ屧ǸЦЦȥ˵绰
õַӵ£ſӣĿֱֱĶҶԶȥ
Ҷݵֻͨž˵һѡ
áҶﵭӦǮһ򵽿ϣˣٰҶʲôϵҡ
˵绰ԺҶתպö忴Ŀ⡣
ҶĬ˰죬߹ȥ壬벻ȥ̣


20 

ҹҶ￿ϣͷ컨壬¶ᡣ
תַŰϣȴٳٰȥ

Ҷ̾תڴϣһꡣ
ȥǲȥǸ⡣
Ϊͨ绰ӦºҲû˵ҪҶæϴ֮ĻҶȥҲǲȥҲǡ
ԹԾ˰죬뵽Ǳú֣ӣһùɫīʹ˳ȥ
סڣǹŵġ
Ҷǰַ̧£ַ̧£ܲ˵תȥ˿ˮƽһ½ŵ飬ֻصǰּ̧ᶨȥ
ûãžͱˣͷʪ滹մѩɫĭϵİɫɴۿɼѾʪˡ
Ҷüѵҽ˵˲Ҫˮôء
ӣĿȥЩ顣
ˣҶ̾˿û˵ʲôǵҿԽȥ𣿡
˵ͷ΢΢Ҷݡ
ҶĿ⣬ûкɨӡ
߰ɣȰͷϵĭӳٻʪ˵ɴٰϴ衭ҶǰĻ˵ĺƽ˵һ仰ʱԵЩڡ
ԹԵĸҶ棬ԡҡ
ԡϴ¶ζҶܵһ۵СӣСӷվŰϴͷ
ͷܺڣЩӲ֣ͦϴġ
ϴϴţҶֲشľʱһӦӡ
ǸҶﱻŵһ㼱æջ֣Щεĵ
ҡҡͷСĵû¡
̣ǵͷģҶ￴ݣҲ޷жû
ĳϴСĽˣϾǳǳķ˿
ʮӺҶһɫĸëͷϲá
˰ɺ̧ͷʱҶŷƺЩҲˮ⣬һˮĵ⡣
Ҷ΢΢һæԡңָ̧Ķͷе̡
ð𣿡Ҷﵣǵĵ
û˵ͷɵķ˿˳ĴǰŹԹԵġ
ͷʹ𣿡Ҷʡ
ҡҡͷʹ
Ҷʲôط𣿡
ԣ̧ۿҶɵģǱһ
ûУģû¡˵ֵ꣬ͷ
ҶΣֻȥôСĵĸͷ
ͷú̧ͷϵĺҲɢ࣬ð۲Ҷ˿
ͷҶȥҩ䣬ҩóɾİɴԼһЩҩ׼ȫСĵ֣Ľɴ
Ҷ￴֣һ
ֻԭ۵ָⲻ֪ʲôѪģһƬټմˮȥЩ͡
⵽ôŪİҶ˵Ҳͣóǩ˿ϵˮɣõҺ˶һҩŸɾɴȥ
ûشֻǿҶСĵĸҩ
Ƕݶϵĵƹ⣬ҶϵָۿȥĿʱһ
ϵָϲ͵𣿡嶢ָԺĵ
ʱҶպôϵˣĿ֮Լϡ
ǡҶɤŵľƽʱĮ˿̶ȡֻѾˡʹָָӹ
˵ˣǡϴ衭Ҷ͵վ𣬿ɵ뵽ҪԵ£ȥ
建ɿյ֣İɫҲȥ̧Ҷءšһ
Ҷûȥԡң˭û˵Ҳþδ
Ҷ뷴ǰæϴ£
һҧҪͳīϾԱߵҲϴˡ
ҶĶһ٣Ϊʲô
壺ˣ˯
ҶЩãŵͷ壬㶵ġŶһͳԡҡ
ʱҶֻ˵žͱˡ
Ҷվ⣬һʱЩͷԣðϴ裬һ
һϵĶƽ
صԼķ䣬Ҷϴ˸ս裬ٸԼϵ˿Ϻҩڴϳ˯ȥ
ͬʱҶĸڣ˵˲ϴװˮԡ
ɴִԡ棬̧ڰĲྱް
ջ֣ͷһͲٿ»ֱȫͷȫˮС
գҶϰԵ壬һȺؼңϴ˸裬ҩֽ˳͡
úҶڲϿ˿ʱ䣬ϰ˵ˣ廹ûһ㶯
ʱѾˡ
ɽ죬е㷴
Ҷüָڲ㡣תʮֹȥˣҶ̲סվ
ߵǰָ̧Ҫãһˡ
ˣҶ˿ſھҪ߳ŵһ簲ȴڿģ󣬶סˡ
糿İ׹ҫۣϣǲ԰׵Ľӽ͸ķɫյһ
Ҷᶯ˶Ŀǲ԰׵ûһ˿ѪɫĴϡ
磿ƣ΢ĿէһǸõĲһ԰״
ֻһϵʱ䣬Ͳˡ
ҶҪȥҽԺȴܡ
û취Ҷֻ˵ðҩ˵ȡ
ҶﱾȥϢû뵽ȴ˵Ҫȥ衣
ҶҪҪȥ裬Ϊǲȥˣû뵽ǼҪȥ
ҶﻹǴȥˡ
ȥ˿ֻصǼСĳ
Ϊ˾סѾЩҳʵҪ˵ÿ¸ǮҪȥˡ
ۿҪҳˣҶæֽ̧
㻹Ųɡ
ȰߺҶ￪ʼִɨǽشﵽ˱飬žһЩ֩
ҶĺϸԱߵǶûŹ
ڵϷһ壬ӵĲͷ档
Ϊǵ˾סҶ뻹ǽͷӲϰ
ͷҶҪ뿪ĿȴͻȻһ١
ǰһĿͶעڲСϸϸ
ʱһԲεϸСĶʱͳҶС
Ҷɫһ䣬һ𿪣һͷ
ͷҶͻȻԼһʱֵʱ̧
мһɫС㣬ע⿴ܺԵҶȥСǱΪ򴩵ģ棬ȻҲһͷ
Ҷأʼּӣϵ£ңһҲûŹССȻҳͷ
ЩͷֲڿԡҡȸطÿһصļҪҶ㹻񣬶һҳ
ŶѳһѵͷҶﲻò¶֪˭װġ
ҶɫѿϿĺʵվǲһġ
ǰȻ֪Ǹ͵񣬿ֻǸڱ˽⣬ڣֱ˵ı̶̬ȣҶ˲Լ˶ˡ
ʱҶѾˡ
Ÿ߸߶ͷþûɫҰֽҶſҪ˵ЩʲôοȴͻȻס죬ȥ
ҶＱæȥȻͿſϴϲͣĸŻš
һ̣Ҷ˵Լʲôоžʲô²ɻǲͣĸŻ壬Ҷ΢΢һЩ͡
˺ܾãµᶼˣµһڵء
ҶＱæǰס彫Ҷľ࣬ҶֻúʲôҺ廮Ĳɳŵöİ
ҶĴֻսҪοȴ֪ӺοʼοַֻܽŵĴ򰲸š
Ǹ˰
ҶţϵԽ˼֡
ȫȫİοˣԲ֪ǿʹˣ̧ͷ԰׵ϻžӨ飬һ˫ںڵ۾ȴĶ



21 
ܿ͵ˣҶﱻȥ¼ڹɳϵʹͷ֪ʲô
Ҳʻ֪ʲôžЩã
ãûгãϳɶѵͷʱʱʧɫ
⡭٣Ҳ֪ʲô֪Űˡ
ĻûȫţֿӶûбͷסݡ
ɫһֱܲ԰ףָðˣҶܵȴ뿪
˸ߵ¥£ҶͷһӰ͵ǣ˴ñӿݣҶߺֱˡ
Ҷʶ׷ȥĽҶûܡ
˿ӶƬϤ߹հģҶһֱĸ
ֱܵһǸͬ˲ͣ
Сӣ¡תóһѵݺݵĿҶ
Ҷû˵ûȫõ˿Щʹɫһ侲
ǰˣݵһˣ꣬һƾɵñӣͿȥʮ꣬һ˫۾Ƶĺ⡣
ŵҶķһСĴָ
Ǳеһ
˼Ҷﲻ˵׹һŵͳ˹
ҶﷴӦ̹ʱһץס֣һʱڵϡ
˷Ĳҽӡ项һڵϡ
Ҷһֶסǿ
ɫһ䣬Ȼ̧ͷ촽Щ㡭ô֪ҵ֣
Ҳ֪֣һ֪ǰɹЩ£˰ɣҶǿ䵭ĵ
㡭ſңģɱġǿֵĵ
Ҷûм˵ȥǿ˵ʱžҲϵˡ
Ϥףֱ㶵վӿڣ˫ȭţ峺һθֳ˺⡣
ǿڣֱӳȥĵӣ߾ųȥ
ɱˣɱˣǿŵĴе
Ҷһæſǿס塣
壬侲侲һ㡣
ſңſң˫ĿѪ죬Ѿʧȥǡ
Ҷ̧еĵߣ̧ס۾
𿴣ֵãΪΣһ㶼ֵáҶ
Ķʧһ̯ҶﻳֻܿҶǿӣڵء
ǿ˹עԼ뿪ߵ·ľסˣ˾֡
Ҷ״˿
ʵȫΪв̽ǿ˸˵ǿڰǰҵ
õͻȻţܾţûҸ˵ǿȥ壬ֻܰаǿǮǿ䱾ҪǮԽԽࡣ
ǰһʧˡ
ֱſʼ»ƵƵڳΧתƣ֪
С˵Ҷ֪ǿʵɱ֡
ԣŴȻһǿֻû뵽ǣǿԼ飬û˵ʲôأԹԵᵽɴ˾Ļɣץȥ˾ˡ
һжҶĵģĵȻѰ͵͵ߡ
Žյķţ뵽ղǲ԰׵ûѪɫӣҶЩģֲ֪ôοźá
ǿǱѾõˣžһа취ԸõӦеĳͷ
ڸõĵ͵Ҷｫ͵ȫ˳ֱ˾Ȼʱ鲻ͷϣһ
ʱ᲻ıҶﲻ֪ҲҪǰ׼ǰӦ͵׼
ҶӦԵķһǽ֮ڴĮȻ
ǿĳû뵽ģˣȹЩȥǿǰͽˡ
ȥ̫ˡ
Ӷӣ͸ý˫ȫնϣĲãף
ǣǿȻǰˣҶץסȥ˾֣ļƻ
ǸǰαƵķ·֪ĸļһ嶼֪ԭôϲ͵
ΪϱǸó¼ֻһͷû뵽ȻС˵ı̶̬ˡ
ǡ͸ˡ
૵⣬Լİ׹Ưϣ崿òͬһ˫۾۵ĶǶ⣬ŨҪ׹ɵ
ͬʱĳУһ⿪ʵ²Ĵ򿪵ԣ뵽˵ֻˣʱ˷ܡ
ɵ򿪵Ժ󣬿ĲǸһƯԵĻĺڡ
¶ɻ󣬿꣬ɽһʱӵһ绰绰ɫ䡭


22 ոտʼ
㣬Ҷﴩ룬ǹڵһ죬Ҷ绰ȥԷ
ôĸ磬ҶҲ˼ֻܾǿǵ˼ʣһˣҶЩԥ
һߵҶƺ֪ԥʲôֱӿһϡ
˼ǵˣҶӦҲܿ졣
ֻ˵ʱֵĺ𾪣ȻҲͬˡ
Ҷ˳ȥѾȺʱˡ
ðûȫõɫȥɲÿ
һԷȷҪ𣿡
Ҷվʵ
һɣһڼҲġҶش
̬⣬ûʲô⡣
״ֻգֻǵͷԼĴʱֲЩȡ
·ܾˣ඼ǴһģȻԼǲʲô⣬Ҳϰˡ
ֻ뵽Ҷ;Щѿ
εʱˣн˵ûô·ڡԲУһȥҪҶڸߵԷǲͽЦ
ţͻȻеڣ֪ͲӦˡ
ȻѾܷˣҶѾԿվſڵˡ
һ˳ȥ
ֻû뵽ǣ·̲ԶҶŹȥģ빫Ԣһﴦһҿſͣ
Щ⣬һȻǲߴˣɵڿ䣬һΧ˸Ҷʱ֪ûߴ
ò˵Էĵص㶨ϣһ·ʱƽ
̬ĸҶ˹ȥ
硣ҶﳯҶкҲŽ硹
Ҷ˵ͷɫÿ࣬üͷи

Ҷº󣬿ķԱ˹
ҶһԼ׷
ڵȴʱҶʱʱҶ䣬ҶԱߵͷ֪ʲô
ֱ˵Ļתã̧ͷ
ҶһͿ϶ûظ˵ȹʱ乫˾ȥȼٴ棬ҪҪҲһȥ
Щ޴룺ȥ𣿡
ҶȥҾȥ
Ƶ˲ãȥĻҾȥ
õģ׻ˣҶЩΡ
Ŵ𸴵ҶҶ˵ͷȥɣҲ
ҶãʱҸǰ
˵Ժ̸飬ٳٲҶȥ˲
ʱϾֻʣҶ壬˹ͨ˲ȥ
ãҶȴ˳Ĭ
ҵܵܺں㰡
̧ͷЩɻ󣬼һ״֮ģҶһҵ㣬ʧȥ˸ףĸΪĸ׸ļ޸һĹ˳Aжӣǰĸȥˡ
Ҷ䵭ĵȫûй˼ԽԽѿɫ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôõҵܵܵǣ㲻ҪҶ˵һ˫۾ֱĿ塣
ҿóں㣬ȻҲ¿㣬ҽ⣬Ҹǲĸܡ
ҶĻﵴ
ԣΪĴ磬˵㲻ϲĻͷŹɣ˺
ȻС󣬿û̸Ҳϣһϲһ˾ˡҶĵ
ԣɴ۾㶵˵û뵽˵ô࣬ҶҪĿľȻ˺Ҷ
ңû̸˲뵽ҶϵǸָϲ׽֮˸ģʱҶһ¶顣
ԹԵķ㶣Ҷüѵ˵ô࣬˾Ȼ
뵽ǸܣҶɫѿˡ
Ҫ˵ʲôȥҶˣҶֻܽҪڵĻʻȥһԱӺһˮ˵ĻǰĻҪࡣ
Ҷ󣬵ĿҲٵĵˡ
˶ûô˵ܰ
ҶſЩƣոջúõģȥһ˲˲½ࡣ
ѵĳһٷҶҶ˳
ҶڳϿվҶԱߵ壬Ҫ˵ʲôְҶڳվû˵Ҷһ󣬾ҡϳ뿪ˡ
ĿҶ뿪Ҷ˲ڷĽֵϣе࣬Ҷʶƹ棬棬赲һЩ
忴ҶĶҶĻȴ
´ˣǸָ˲һˣҲп˰
Ҿˣ˶ˣټƽôʲôأ
ࡣ
ı仯Ҷﲢ֪飬һ·߻ȥյ¥£ҶｫԿ׸Ȼȥǽ˳С
ʮӺҶŴСĲ˻˼ҡ
һţŵһҩζ̧ۿȥȻԼҩ
ҶｫĶŻسߵæϺҩɴ˳
Щɻĸ˽ȥͷҶϴŹǡ
ʣ磬ֶ𣿡
Ҷ̧ͷһּģ춼ûôԶɡ
һʱ֪˵ʲôˡ
ҲңֱͲ㣬ҪȥԣҸڣҲ˼ιֻڲˡҶһæµһߵ
ϴŹǺϴ˵ˣ廹㶵վԭأҶﲻüôˣϲŹ𣿡
æҡͷûС
ҡͷҶתϴˣȳȥʲôģȻҶ˳ȥ
ġšһֱͦͦĻص˿
Ҷˣߣӿ
һСʱһŹˡ
忴嵭Ź棬̧Ҫ棬ÿӺҶֹˡ
С̡Ҷ
߹Ա¡
ȵŹԹͷáðɣȻ˵ĲǹͷǺȵ㲹ĶҲֺôġҶ
˵ţһǽϣһһιԡ
ֵĺ˳ӣҶſھſڣͳ棬ͺ
һθ֮ǰͬһȫԹˡ
Ҷ￴ȥ⣬ԣԵܳ壬ܳøһߡ
գգ۾ĬĬضԱԼҶĲ࣬ҪøҶһߵĻЩѡ

ڶ죬ʽҶҲصѧУ
Ҫ˵ôС˵أǰżٵʱûôţѣҶԼȥҪࡣ
Ҳ֪Ҫ˵ǰ̫ƽˣ˵ڵĴ̫̼
ѾȥˣػذƽȵУ԰ҶЪ
رѧͳҶ͵ˡ
͵³ǣҶﲢûз־ӰʱĹľٶԼΧͬѧʱ۵Ǵſ־Ŀ⡣
һѧؼңҶԶԶĿмŮΪܶŹ̵ȥѵһŮһͷƷۣҶ￴Щ죬Ϊ̫ԶҶ￴˵Ҳû̫⡣
ֱڶٺѧУһ̬ĽҶ쿴ǼŲ̊ǼԼش
ҶſǼŮݣʱķ֣ǼŮȻǰ۸Ǽˡ
ʱ̾Ȼ£ǻⱨӦģʱǲʱδ
Ϊ£Ҷһ鶼̲סʵʲôϲ𣿡
Ҷû𣿽ǼֵŮ֮ǰ۸Ǽ˰
壺Ϊ¸˰
Ҷ˵ͷȻˣⲻֵø𣿵㱻۸ʱҪǹ˼ŮӴ򲻵ãҶ㱨ء
˵ţҶǰ͸ֳ˵ǸŮΧм䣬ȰƵ壬ʱ԰ҶﲻĥĥԼûֵķŭ
ˣЦЦȥˣңҲõӦ³ˡ
ô˵ҶƽϢࡣ
ŤŤͷʱһźʵĵꡣ
Ҷ룬ý㡣
ͷתҪ𣿡
˵ͷ԰
õɣҶűͳźʵȥ
վԭأҶԶȥıӰЦЦ뵽ҶᵽǼˣϵЦԽˣëȻĺ⣬⺮Ҷתʱ򣬾ͱյøɸɾ

áӦ׷ȥͬʱҲԺŻЩû
˵⡭ֻǸոտʼ
psл˵
ϧڵƽɡϱ̬ˡ


23 
ʱúܿ죬ת۾͵ʮһ·ݡ
ڼ䣬йǿоҲˣ֤ȷ䣬ıƲɱˣԺд̡
ִǰڣһȳҪ壬嶼ᡣ
ˣĺ͸ˡ
ǿ̵ִ죬Ҷͬһȥ
ƬЦݲõ뵽Լһʱԭ˺ǷˣԲĳ֡
ʱֵĺܾţһһ
֪֪֪ĶѾˣڰҹجξѵʱ򣬳˯ţج˾Ͱοĸ߸衣
Ȼʵ˼ȷʵᱻ׸谲ȥ־壬ٴγ˯ȥ
˵ûƴȫıܶһ졣
ϵ˿ڣΪ˱µİ̺ۡ
֮ǰһ㶼û뵽ļ̸Ȼĵ˼
ҲһԺᶨҪģգһڵϣǿǮˡ
Ϊ뿪ǸجΰĳУһжȴû뵽ֻʱģħûҪŹ
壬ҲֻǴһӣһӣյ÷ǡ
Ҳ˹ļ䣬ƲסЩҶѪһƬ
ˣҶǰվļ磬ѹڰǰһѹǽϲġ
ͷһºƽл¶ʻĹǰŬһĨЦݡ
裬Ҵϲİٺϻˡ
㲻ҪңһᱣԼŬȥģҲúö飬ѧռҵ棡
ѾҵŶڽͻᱻд̡
ŵĻ϶ɣ׾
һΣǺòãֵ
߶߶˵һѣҶվһԾš
ûദɿ̬ԼС˵￴ģһĸףΪԼĺӷ𷴿໤
˵ҪϴѧҫʱҶС˵С˵ǿˣֻǱˡ
ҶʹͷĬĬţǸӰϴѧһ˹һΣΣֻҪɼӦƽƽȵһôѧɡ
ϾС˵дģܴѧϰٶȺܿ죬ֻҪѧûʲôѧġ
ò˵ܾΨһơ
С˵ƲûΪȥɱԨѲܡ
䣬ҶͻȻᵽ
裬ѣõѣ㲻ˣһֱչҡתͷҶ͡
ҶǰһŶţ̣һչ˺ġ
Ҷ˵꣬ʱֵֹģûж룬Ƭϵһ档
ҪչŵҲûʲôҶš
ָ˵һЩɫ뿪ˡ
˶ûֱӻȥĬĻһ˳ݣڳͬ
ǽóɾַŻȥ˼㡣
һȥȴͻȻ˸֮͡
һϲĽݣС壬²˭ˣ
ˣҶĿһôɰɣ
ˣ˵ÿӣʱһеƫϿȥ˾ͽݡ
ǴһΧĿⶨϣЦ˹ȥ
壬Щӣú𣿡
ܾƭԣȥ⿪ʣһģ
ҶﲻǿС˵ҵ˵Уһ벻ȥôֱһˣȻǸ͵
ͷЩ磿
ôһֻϲ񣬡ԣ㻹ǵ𣿡
Ȼǵá
෴ҶҶܲⲻΪ屻ƭ
ǰ塣
λ磿Ҷͣһ£ûнܹԼҲõýг֣ǽһˣеˡ
ô˵Ȱ˸߲ģҶš
˶ʱ̧ͷϲǴΪϲ޾
ʱǿŽǿҪ籡ĺѹ¡
ǰߴˣϵЦݵ˵
ǣ
Ҷ˲ͷѡ
ޣԭǰѰãھӡЦЦ֡
ҶƳһû̧֣˼н񱡣
ǳ˳飬ջȥƤЦⲻЦĵõģ⡣
ǲٸҶｲͷҪ壬һֱ۲ҶŲ˶赲ߡ
䣬ֱӣֱӵ壬Ǻò׼棬ҪҪȥҼԷ
ٻģˡ
˵ţ˿ʱ͡
ҶüˣҺҪȥ
ʵǰ塣
Ҷ򴽣ûٳ
Ҷ߳ԣ˵ģҪȥˡ
ͷ̧ͷָֻ⿪ʵ֪ĸģ
ðɣ壬þò㳤డſҪԼһߵ̾
壺ǵġ
һûһ죬Ҷ￴š̸ˣĶʱ˺ơ
̬湦ȷʵĲ嶼ƭȥˣһҪһ㣬óʲô¡
ôţҶʱʮ־
˴ʮӣˡ
Ҷ˳ź𣿡
תҶûиҪ
˵ţһת磬ס⣬衣
Ҷһ仰ǲ̣ڶ仰ʱֱѹƽˡ
̧ۣЩȵ壬ھΪʲôɺ룬ΪҲΪոǸʲôġ
뵽ǸܣҶǶʱ´˺üȡ
ɿڴĿ⣬ֲ˵ֻܵУһҲģҲҪ¡
ûͬ£Ҷ˿
Ҫ£ǲ൱ֽ͵̬
ɾʧˣ£Ҷɷµš
ûгԵģͷ֪ҪסһȥԷֻҶûͬ⣬ҶǳȥԵġ
ΪѾõòˣֻʣǳǳ˺ۣҶѾҪٶͶιˡ
˷ݣҺóǰɨԲࡣ
ֻһ䣬СԿǰסһݵġ
ҪҶסȻ̫ʣҶʼռݣһ
룬Ҷｫǰ˯С˳ھɳԱߡ
ֱ˯ɳģֻɳ̫СˣҲеˣҶԼһȥɳỵ
Ȼһ㣬Ҷﻹ˯úܲȣ̫СˣĽûţֻ˯һʼãֻʱ䳤ˡ
ʱָܿ˰ҹʱҶҲЩ˯ˡ
һǽ֮ڣԭڴϵͻȻ۾
ΧʵģУ۾Ӧں󣬻ǿ
˴ֱֱڴվãú̧ԭĴλڿյģѾҶˡ
ڵʱĴǽġ
ǽϷһһФ񻭣⻭һǰ͸ģ˵۾ررںҹԶԶȥһ˫۾һ
ĿǷϢ߹ȥվڻĲ෽ָ࣬һ¡
ֱµʱֱǰȥڵĶФϵǶ۾
ʱ侲һ˲һ̶ļƾճ֣ݼž
ҶﱻѣӻЩ£ȫѹľǱĴķš



24 ѵ
ҹɫްϵƸǣ֣ԼİƾɵС¥ϣļżɢŹɭ
һ˾סķһڵϣšǽ¶־塣
磿
һͻȻƽƽյŻĪ˷
ֵŤͷſڣʱһվںڰУȻݣ˵һ硹ϳ˭
ʱһ˴ʱǱʶõЦݡ
壬ôˣ
ûü˵ͼһƽ
磿磿ǡ𣿡峰
Цݽ˽ʧ
˳ǣһֿݵͻȻЩ£壬˵ʲô
ǡЦһӣһ˫ڵֱĶ
㲻ϲҽ㿴òã
ԣǲԼʱĴ뵽ԼǰΪʱɫ䡣
壬ҽ͡æ
ͣбҪҲҲ峰Ц
ĿֻǿֻƯģҪƽʱ϶˵֣ڣȴð亹
Ϊʱ࣬һѱС
塭㡭Ŀİģ̧֡
վȥĵǰ˼֡
ҷ˹ȥϻ벻ţСһˣôͻȻô£
岻֪뷨ʱעǰĻްġǽ
ǽΧǽЩ̫ͬˣһȻ־Ƕȥˡ
ǽм䣬Сף忴С׹˹
ȥ
ȥЩԥ˶ӣһǰѵҲĶֽ˼ס
һᣬ̧־ҪţĻ֣
Ȼû뵽ǣһϵĵȻĴ˽ȥͻʹ̲סҲ˷˼
Ȼ붯ɣ̵ЦЦһֻûõһֱӽͷѹڰǽϣ˽ȥ
ÿ𣿡尫ߵ
ƴȴ̼ϵĵ룬̱ǵѪζڿӡ
ŵʲôζһ˿ֻҪȥĶһݣûк£һЦݣ۵ǿ⡣
ҪһʱȴͻȻҶｹĽк
۵ķɢȥָԽԽȥЩҡ
ڷҪûз֣ԽѹԽأͬʱһ뷨г͡
ϵĵγҶҵ֮ǰ治ɫһѪʱ͸ϸݵֱϡ
年ΪʧѪԵЩ԰׵Ĵͬʱϵ
psл˵
½еСҪҿˣڻд


25 
壡Ҷｹĵ
һͲˣ뵽ڵı̬Ҷ֡
ＱеĺϵͳҪ֪ȥˣϵͳȴǺûӰˣôУӦ
ҶҪֱȥҷŸܳţڴԼ졣
ѭȥҶͿ˾סĸڣӰһֻͲҶſ壬ӰеһȻ塣
ʱһ˵ͷѹǽϡ
Ҷﱻ𾪵ˣһɻѵĸо
Ȼһ룬Ϳ屻ֵµ˷ƵأƹϣֱϵĺԵøⴥĿġ
ҶһֻʣǲҰֽԼǱѪȾֱۡ
壡Ҷﾪŵܹȥ
ʱһֱѹƵʧȥͷ࣬תڵϵŰ
ˣ̧žȥ
ûߵˣԼȱһͻ߷صǽϡ
ҶţСĽ屧
΢ص۽޲˲ۣƺЩãƬ̺ŻָҶ
硭˿ĵðϸ촽԰ס
ҶûӦֱֻۣȵѪʣҶô涼ֹð
һ˱Ҷڳģ֪ʲô
΢΢̧ۣҶ°ͣЩָ
˷ɳϣҶﲻеѪһߴ120һҶΪ˿ڡ
˿ʵ̫ˣ㱿ȥһѪɫ򼣬ſѩ׵Ƥϣȥɲޱȡ
ҶﾲĬˮֱѾɺԵѪú󣬼˿ûѪҶѪˮ
ߵɳԶ£ڵ壬̧Ľϱˮʪķ˿ϲ˲
úϢ
忴һŹԹԵĵ˵ͷ
Ҷͷ뿪˷ݡ
ߵſڣóֻ˾ҶŤŤӣŸȥ
ǿӣϵ˿Ĵڴڵĺţһ̰ſ
úһַǽӣƲ֪˽ȥ
ŤͷȥԼŵĵطǲ㽫Լǽʱʱŭյֽ̧Լִľ͵ǽҸϡá
ֻʣС׾棬ɢĺڵİâ
ɫŤһ˲̧־С׿ãſȴͻȻһǶֻĳһ͵𣿡
˭
Ķһ٣Ȼתȡ
Ҷվſڣްѱ棬ֱֱĶĮߣ̲ס˸
˵ʲôȻƫƫͷ
ҪҰͷû𣿡ҶﳰЦ
㣿Եĵ˵ŷӦԼ˵ʲôʱͰ˰ס
Ǹ˵͵ĳ棬ϵĲҶһһ䣬˵Ѫ졣
죡ôɧñ˿ֱ崿˵ļңô͵أ
Ͻ磬磬˽ָôأһûѣʲôܿģ
˵˵ֱӱֱ׳ЦЦЦ/аԼ͵ǵܷ߳Լ
һѣôάѾ֪࡭
顪
û˵꣬ͱҶһ߷ڵأײŵ淢
ȻҪˣǾͱҪˣ
ҶѵñŭĵͷȭͷֱһȭһȭĴϣһʱ䣬ںģķֻʣֱе
֪˶ȭҶֻ֪ԼòѾʧȥ侲ֻظŹĶ
ֱϵͳͻȻҶԼʧصǡ
ˣٴͳˡ
Ҷݺݵһȭɿ߬֡
ֱΪЩ͹ȭҲѪԼѪ˵Ѫһ۳ɶѵδδĻڵء
ۡһ³һѪѪżŶѾ
ۿҶƺҪȥʱҡͷƴˣƺ˵ʲôȴôҲ˵
˵ĶվΧ͵ע⣬½½˴ŻߴҪһ̽
һ·ŸֵͲɫҴҵĸ˹ΪǼ
û뵽һͷѾܾûȻһվһĲ֪ٸʲô
ֵͲչȥͼڵϵǸպף촽ںѪģʱһæܹȥ˭Լĵˣʱ鷳
ýˣƲŷ˵ıԼĻҪأһ¶Ҫõˣϸϸȥֲޱȡ
ֻϸƣƺЩ졣
ǵţ߽ЩֱԹվŵҶֱֱڵϵ˿
һˣɫֱӴ䣬Ϊڵϱ˰춼õˣȻӣ
˲ȴ־壬ȥ
ҶĮĿӵתֱ뿪ˡ
ڣķŴ´θôŪ˻ȥأյͻȻ긴񡹵Ҷˡ
ɫһϲҪ˵ʲôĿȴҶָסˡ
磬֡
Ҷӭ嵣ǵĿ߹ȥѪֱϰοû¡
ĿҶŲҪҶ󿴣Ҷץסļ磬ѹȥ
ԹԱ𶯡Ҷ
ſҪ˵ʲôչϵһ߿ˡ
壡ƷŭĽݡ
ô£ʲô׺ݣĿҪ̻С
Ҷ̧Ŀ赲ס
£ˣҴġҶﵭ
ʲôƾʲôҶӣƵŭ𱻳ɹתƣΪҶŵӵʱˡ
һַֻһֱֻӳһľӣǼƾҪҶƴһ
ɻ¥ͻȻ˾;Ȼľ
ܿ죬˾ͱȥҶھȻ˿ڣǲԶڽ䣬ҽҲڰ˿ڡ
ž첻ͣ˵ҶĲǣֱѾ˵òͷ
߹ʵ˭ľ
٣˭ľ㶼Ҫץ㿴ҶӴģ춼ˣҲˣ˺úݵģƸ״
ɨһüͷʱֿҶ㡭
û˵꣬ҶһԣҴģҲұľ
˻ûӦƻҪƿڴʱҶֵһᱨΪҷʵǸ͵֮ǰҵͷװģǷַ˽ֺ߳ŭ˺ܺˣ
Χ˶ʱһƸǴƬָ̺ҶѪˣˣȻҶӣҶӿУ߲ôܻôĵ飡
Ҷתͷûž˵ĶģǿԲ顣
쿴ҶĵЩɣʱԭһԵȻһƿҽٵȥ
ҶۼֿĽ£ôţﲻʲôɸ˵Ķɣ
ԣɫʱһףҲ˲Ծ
ֻƳҶֳ󣬡װ׵Ĳ±飬б¾Ͳ飬ҳŴŻӭŭ
ȥˣƻһӰбģӣο֪׵ģ㣬ϣһỹһġ
ɫѿˣ֪ƿż¥ƬҲȥ
һǰһ뿪Ҷ˲ΧĿ࣬Ӷ徲ˡ
ŤͷҪ壬ȴȻײ̽ĿС
ô֪͵ģ
ҶĿһɫ˱䡣
˲ţúҶſڣüںɹȥٴε粻˵ҲûϵϾÿ˶Լܡ
ʹѾˣٴι˺ɴȥܱء
Ҷﲻ֪ҪôشֻܳĬ˵
Ҳһ°ɣҲˡú󣬻˳ĬҶˣƵġ
ҶûԣĽˌȥ
Ҷú¥ϴ
ܡⲻܣ
źԶҶﶼ𾪵



26 
ץˣԭǾĵзƵЩƵ廨ţͬһطǾƵĳ¥
һļúʵԴؾרƽ⣬ƽļŵҲƵ
ͬƵ˹ͬһˣƵʱ绹׷ݵǰ
ɴˣֱӱץˣǵϵ飬סʮԺ
ϵ˺õòԺֱӴȥ˾֡
ڼ䣬κȥ̽ÿҽԺſתơ
죬Ҷ嵽ҽԺҩơ
ƼǣֱѿҪ
ҶұƵߣֱƣֹͻȻ˺塣
˿ҪҽԺʱͻȻˣþһֲðҶԵߵ¼£
ƵСΧҲĻʱͶעҪ֡
ҶŲ˶٣ɫֱӰˡ
ƻ˵ǵ˰˱ѪùŻڵǸ裡
Ӳ̸֮˭𣿡Ҷ˫ĿȻתƣƵ裬´ֱӸ̰
Եôһ仰Ҷ徶ֱ뿪ˣֻʣһվԭء
ҽԺҽҩٴβ
ѾˣҶɨһۡ
ʵƵĳҶﲢе⣬ΪС˵
ԼĶӾȻǸͬϲʱôġ
Ϊ年ӣӲŻ᷸ôĴ󣬸һ˽һ
ʹ壬壬ٵ
ʾԼ뿪ʱӶôϲˣ˾Ȼ뿪Ϊɣץ͸
ò˵ҶˣȫûʲôǷǹ
˵ĶӾΪ׼ǷǷûжҪ̫äĿˡ
Ҷ˲Ÿյңͱϵˡ
ȻǸﷸҶҲˣȻǮɻǵȥһˡ
ҶܾͬԼһȥ˾֡
ȴû뵽վ־ͼǽϵҶ
硭Ҷ￴ҶЩ顣
Ҷվֱ߹֪硣
Ҷӣ֪Ҫ˵ʲôҶѣõôҶ˵
ǣҾԼܽҶ
һδôҶЦĵ
ҶﻹЩԼ⸱廹Ǹδ꣬ѹҶӦǾ֪ͨҳˡ
ԹԵĸҶȥЩ˸Ҫ뿪ҶȴͻȻƺͱ
ƵȥܼɫǺ졣
ýˣҶƷŭ˵ҶУ߲ܻ£˹ǱƭģСǺѧӦȥȥץǸˣҶӣ
üһߣλ벻Ҫִ
ҶӣſңǲץƷ
ƵڣߣվԶ˽
̫ΧͶעĴ̽ߣ̲סˡ
ܲܲҪˣ
ıưûô˵˳øˡ
֣ʲô֣ôΪ㣡ҪΪҶӣң
ôĶӣ
Ƶǵͨ죬ﶼ߳ܣǰԺĶӣеĸ߲δǰ;ˣȻǸ̬͵´ȥķŰ
һܷһĶӽ
٣㣬ҸͷˣŹҶӰɡ
㡭
Ʊҧͨһڵأڳ˶һվǰľٶŵˣϽҪƷ
˾ˣŹصƲͷ˵Ͷעâڱ
죡ŭȣôԲԴҸԺΪԹ㴩رҵģ
ƿȥܷŭԽԼӾȻǸ͵õı̬
սȭͷǣûжԲңֻڸԺÿͬŮ˻ؼңǡñСʱ͵ˡ
ȻҾˣҿʼ̬һΧÿһˣҲܣͣͣ
һжΪ㣬ңұһ̬ҳΪҹ͵С𣿣˻ߵغ
˵ŻҪǰȴסˣʱ۾˺⣬Թơ
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Ҷü־һĻС˵û˵ΪʲôΪһ͵ֻдԺտ̽
ҶﱾΪֻǼɫ⣬˼죬û뵽ôһԭ
СӵĺǺʢģúùܽһһЩÿĶǲԵģԺӵķչܲ
һƺСһ£ɺصĺ
ֻĽҲ֪ԼΪԣȴѡԼ/ѡƣò˵ҲǾȡ
ڵѣһ񣬺Լһ㣬Լһѡ
𣿡һԵҶͻȻʵ
Ҷ˵ͷǡ
Ҷüű˲òࡣ
Ҷͬĵ˵ͷҪվ籾Ҳ֪ȥ⿪ʵ˾ȻǸ̬͵
ʱǲʲôͻȻŤͷĿֱֱҶ
㣿أͣ½Ųʵ
Ҷﲻʱ˳ЦһΪʲô𣿲ıԻˣɲʲôСá
֪ǳʲôĿ˵ЩҪ䣬ҲǺҶô
㲻ڵģ
ʵĺУҶﻹ޶ԡ
ʶ壿Ҷüʵ
ֻ֪ĵܴܵ˸̬ȴ֪ǰ
ţھӡҶش
ھӣ̬͵̲ܵס֡
Ҷָ˸²⡣
˵ĻҶĿҶ
Ҷҡҡͷš
ҿ˵δǼٵġҶζĵ
Ǽٶν塣Ҷ
ǺǻܵҪģ
ԣûֳôɣҲӰ첻ʲô黹ҪҪ˻ǵñ
ҶҶܵԭѾôϲϲܶԷǺǻν
ô˸磿ҶҶ߶ʱɻȥʵ
û¡Ҷջߣɫ糣
ҶҶ͵Ԣ¥º뿪ˡ
Ԣɳϣܱ߰ģûһ죬ƹҲǻ谵ޱȣֻһյůơ
⴫Ҳûлͷֻһ䣺𣿡
ҶЬĶһ٣ˡ
䣬ָᶯšžડһ죬׹컨к£ݵλƳɢ
ЬҶߵɳߣͻȻס
ˡҶţƵġ
Ҷ˫֣ŻЩԣܵϵԽԽҶ˻һС촭ˡ
ԣ֣
ţҲ˰ɣȥҶ˵תҪųȥ
סҶѾˡ
ҶĸߵǰһӲˣĲ
ЦЦҶƺ⣬컨ϵĵƹһ貶ҫ



27 һ
ӻճĹţҲճţҲǸˡ
ʱӲΪĳ˻ĳ±ͣͲǰһֱתš
ѾˣϾֵô죬Ҳٰѷ
ĺҶûȥֻ˵ˣҪõΣҶﲻ֪Ҳ֪ϾľѾˡ
С˵ûоˣԶٳֵġ
ϵͳȷϹһҶרĸѧϰ
˵ѧϰҶﱾٴξĥ˵ĸ߿ģ˵ҪѧϣҶһ
ԭҲûϳɴѧҶֲźҲʹӦ
ʱһŬѧϰС
ֻѧѧţҶͻȻúʲô©üһ벻Ȼ
պӢҵģҲͽ벻¸׵Ժˡ
ת۽ʮ·ݣȻ½
ǿѧϰҶģ˲ʲô᲻㾢
෴壬֪Ϊʲôȥ״̬õĲˣĳĬһɨգҶȥͼѧϰ
ڣΪĩż٣ûȥѧУһͼݡ
ΪԵʣͼ˲࣬Ҷｫ°͵ϣ΢ۣͼпյ⺮Хͬͼůģرʺ˯
̫ˣҶȻ˯ˡ
ʱͼڱͲֱӶ߹ˣʣˡ
Ҷ۾һǽû˯ľˡ
壬ҶͻȻЩ΢΢ƫͷȥͼһɫ޷ס
׺죬ԼϾʹһһģһģһ촩·ʱģԻǡֵװ
תǰȥҶͼֻһװɫëµ⡣
ХͼȻſյ¶Ȼƫͣ׻ãҪûףЩ䡣
ָʱʱֹ̧
Ҷﲻɫվ´ϣ±ů循ȵ̧ͷȻײҶǳɫУͬǣʱ⺬⣬էһޱȡ
Сĵ̧Լ࣬ͨ졣
̧֡
Ҷûз·崩ϣ·ϵ帧ƽҶˡ
ɵɵô컹ˡҶһ˵һߣλϡ
ø˯øЩЦЦ¶׵ݣ۾΢΢Сһ
Ҷ￴Цӯӯ壬ůůʶ̧ͷ⻬ķ˿žԼʲôæջء
ֻͷϵůת˲ţûһź
Ҫ˵ʲôͼҶѾʰˡ
Ҫȥ𣿡ʡ
Ҷֿ̧˿ˣҲûȥˣ
ҡҡͷ
ʵѧϰֻǿҶﶼʰˣû취Ҳվʼʰ
ʮӺҶ岢ͼݡ
ȻůڣʱҵĿ꣬˷ӿ
Ҷ˻һ¶ַŵ¿ڴ㲻𣿡
Ҷüһ壬㶣ַֽ̧ŽҶĴ¿ڴ䰡ȵġ
ֱȵĸǣҶＸҪֽůס
ֺ䡣循ĵһ»䣬Ҷְסš
ҶֱţҪԴԴϵů᲻÷֣Ǿôվ嶯
˾ͱȥ
ţͻȻֳأɢůҶʶĻգȴץһա
ʧ䣬һֱ߱Ϥůǡ
Ҷƫͷ壬ЦЦ˵ǱߵˣߵҲҪһ£ƽȶԴ
˵գգ۾һȤģ
Ҷ￴Щ棬Уı˲١
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ҡҡͷҶսΪڣԺܿġΪܸı䣬ܸı䣬һжõķչԺܿġ
ϱӵĳ½õͷҲѵõãҪ˵Ҷڵһ˲
ҶεĹ˹û˵˳Ĭǰţȴֵܰ
·һ̲꣬ŮŮ˵˵ЦЦĴ̲һðŰ̵ı衣
ҶʶͷƤ飬ʼµƺΪ˱ñĳԱܣӶĻ
ҶŤͷֻ뿪
̤ȥͷûж˽յִӿڴ˳
ҶֱȻĺʹ߻ȥ壬˵ٴηŽڴ
ôˣҶЩɻʵ
ǸźܺóԵӡһĿеı裬Ӻܺÿװ׵̵ġ
Ҷ˳߿ȥ˲˸
㡭ԣҶЩȷʵ
ĵ˵ͷתͷģ𣿡
ҶｫԭҪ˵ġҭȥѵĵ˵ͷ
Ҷһͷ塸Үһ߸˵˹ȥ
Լ˦֣Ҷεҡҡͷ
˺ܶ࣬ҶһΪһݮζ衣
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ҶüҪѰλϢһϾ̫ˣҪԱ˵ð
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·ϣŸӳԵòֺҶ￴ԣֻ̫Ѩ˴ʹֽ̧·ãȥ
Ҷĺ䣬Ϊѩʱ򱻴ɽȥģûɽ֮ǰܹ˺ԣᶬ졣
ѩļڣͨᶳֶ첻ֱйź·Ӧû˻ϲɣҶš
糢
Ҷﲻʧһٻʱһۺɫıͱݵǰɭ⻯ϸСİ˿ĵҶƮȥ⡣
ҲҶҪܾɿĿʳ˲;ܾȥˡ
ע£Ҷﻹӣ΢΢˵㡣
ڼȷʵ𣬿ɾ̫ˡ
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ӹЩ㶣ҶΪڵԼۣͽԼǱòǿЦ𡣡
ӽű裬΢΢ʹϴű죬һֻϣһװúúõӡ
ΪҶ׼ӣû뵽ûϣҶֱùҨ˱ԡ
㲻ǼӽǣЩţոµûùӱѹڱ£ٴγԱܵʱ򣬲֪ǲĴñˡ
һ裬廹Щδ
ԭǱζ𣿡촽һ㡣
ҶŲ˶٣Сܹȥӵ
С˵дĳޣ󲿷ֶ屻ǿĻ棬ƽƽĹֻûУһʼûеõɣһֱš
ΪûԹô
ҶĬĿԶԼ֣ϹŲõЦݣõ̬ûмģʶͳֻ⻭涨
һϵжҶ￴ֻĻվڸɫҫ۵ƹԵøĲõ꣬ͷ΢
𣿡߹ŽҪſҶֻĻ
ҶﷴӦٵĽֻĻ𣺡ûС
΢죬ƫƫͷȥ塣
΢ĸȻҲ
߰ɻȥˣͼ治Ҷתƻ⡣
˳ӵĽעתƵϼͷϡ
ÿ𣿡ͷʵ
ÿҶᶨĵ˵ͷ
屾ͺÿǰͷʱ΢һЩڰ۵ͷˣ¶Բ۾͹ĶͷʹþƯԭԭı¶Ȼˡ
ģͷܲϰߣĴҶôһ䣬ٸãǵ㲻Ҳɢˡ
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ѩˣ𾪵ĵܵ·ϣͷѩ
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ֽ̧ӹ׷ɵѩԼڻ󻬵Ĵ档
Ҷ·ѩ˵¾£涳ˡ
߰ɻȥˣȻðˡҶվ¥±֣ϳżΧɶĶûҺûˡ
岻鲻ԸӦţӹѩҪ߬סȴֵһ̣ѩѾˮΣ˳Ļڵء
Ųһ٣忴ʪ妵ģ΢ָ£Žһ
ΪʲôղסΪʲôʧ
Ȼ̧ͷҶѩԽԽˣŴŵ䣬ڵЩߣټջ谵ǰӰģ塣
һţ弱æܹȥ߬Ҷ䣬ʵ԰
ôˣҶͷԼסӣЩɻ
ĻŸղŵĻң̲סҪ࣬ҶĿڴ޳͵ֽһϤ¶ȽʵĴ
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Ҷòȵֱ֣ˡ
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28 ־
ѩVʼ
죬 һѩڷ׷ţװع ˡ
Ҷ˱裬 ĿشԣעŴķ⡣
磬 ȥɡ
һϸӰͻȻ˹ ҶԱߣ Բںڵʱʱɨ棬һ
Ҷεתͷ壺䣬 Сĸð
ģ Ƕഩ㡣վҶ֡
ѩ̫·Ͻˣ ˤġҶͼֿ
ǴЬ ҷ㣬ˤġ۰Ͱ͵ĵ
ҶС壬 ˵סԼɶǺ Эˡ
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忴Ӻܼ һ£һµģ ҶĬĬĽԼ֮ǰ˵û˻ϲڵĻջأ ˹Ȼܴˡ
Ȼˣ ҶҲˣֱӴȥ˹԰
԰һƺʱȻ˻ܶࡣ
Ƕ죬ƺϸһѩҲĶ࣬СڲƺȥȥŻЦ
һط۾һһҶ۵ĲѩܵƺϣĿСˣ
ǵϷܸȤһֱ׷ǡ
ֱֱվһŵķΧڻǱһͻѩˡ
һѩֱֱĴֱϣ̧ۿȥһԲСŶӿЦ
Ҷüϵѩ£۲ۣ
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û°ɣҪǻȥɡȥЩǣȴҶ￴ĽƳǰСƨ
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һʼս˻ֻҶһСƨֱһſŷѩҵ޹Ĺ·ˣԽԽ˼뵽ⳡսС
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粻ǿǵߺǺǡ˵һ𣬱ˣ粻𣿡
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Ҷ˵ԼʱĸоôĹ۲С˵ǸСӵеġ
УС˵Ͳᱻ۸Ǹӡ
彫ѹǽϵĻԼ˵ĻٴҶԺ֣︡ץסʲô
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һҶｫ˼׿شزʶİ˶ѣһΪǺ
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Ҷ˼Ĺϵϸϸȷʵ̫ܣҲЩᡣ
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ҪǱֵ룿Ҷʵ
ദˣҪݺʣС˵дģĿǸomega
൱ŮԣֻòһѣʲôĶš
ôһ룬ҶʱЩ㤣年ⲻˣå
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С˵ģΪʲôҪ־룿
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˵кӿҲǣŮӿҲǣͺʹࡣ
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ҶĪָս۵׺ܲ
Ϊʲôϲ𣿲ǲ𣿲ǲ
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ָ֣߬Ƕ
־ΪˡΪ˶ҶƣѰ˼˽ڣ㿴ǲһֱһзֿʱʱ򲻵òֿ㻹ôң㲻ÿޱ𣿡
΢΢һû뵽Ҷô˵üҿ𣿡
ţޡҶؼһܰο㡣
ڻûֿ忿Ҷǲñ־롣
ҶаɣƲˣҲúơ
ٴβУʹͷСţһС̽֡
ɾҪʱҶȴܿˡ
ָ΢ͣ۵ſ籩꣬Ų
Ҷ￴ͷһί򴽣ָ˴꣬ڻ̲סǣˣ⻬ʵʵС
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Ҷƫƫͷ̾˿Ȼܾ壬Ҳѹί
ȻǣǾǣŰɣ־ʲôģԺ˵ɡ



29 ֽ
һѩ죬 ͣº󣬱Ǻˡ
Ӱ£ҶϿβң żٲţ ôʮµס
պãҶ֮ǰ˵Ĺ˾ʱҲˣ һ˵ȥĵطǺУ ļģ ҶʱȤ
ˣҲܻûĩ ֱҶҽڰ˼٣ һ˾ôȥ˺С
µأҶ;һȣͷŸ̫ ΧŶ䣬 Ҷһź޷γԱȡ
߰ɣȥƵꡣҶϵĴ± һɫװ
Ҷ˵ͷкҶ
Ҷһжźˣ ˻гͣ Сʱ͵˶ȼپƵꡣ
ڷԱ£ ҵԵķ䣬 Ҷķм䣬 Ҷķֲࡣ
Ҷﱾȥ䣬ͱҶסˡ
ȥɣ ԼԵġЦЦ ˷䣬 ڹŵһ̣ЦݣüһƬ
Ҷվڱսķſڣ̾˿뿪ȥҶ
ôˣˣҶɳϣɶ̬⡣
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˰
ҶҡҡͷһȥŹ˾ˡ
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΢ϢһĶãҶųţȥ塣
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Ķܿ죬Ӿ͸Ҷ﷢Ϣ˵ԼѾſڵˣҶ˸á֣æ
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û뵽ˣҶûס࿴˼ۡ
ôˣ̧
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ˡ˵ͷ
Уҵĸһ鷳ˡҶｫ˵ϵݸԱ
̧ͷһۣ͵ͷ档
ͺֱùŹҶҪ˵ʲôֲ֪ôڣֻܳĬоϵĻơ
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ˣҶǱߵķСࡣ
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壬ʵҲǸ˼Ҷӭɻֻ߽ͣǾ̫ˣ̫ˣŻ㱣־룬Ҫ㻮ֽޡ
ë˲ͷţ֪ɸûֵҲû˶˵ȷʵ̫ˡ
Ҷ˷µ״û뵽ˡ
˿ܱߵĻԲ̸ĺõطҶǰץסҪҸĵطúġ



30 ֻ
ȼپƵ꿿Ĵɳ̲ţӸߴԶһ޼ʵĺεһƬ̫
ȼپƵ꿿 Ĵɳ̲ţӸߴԶһ޼ʵĺεһƬ ̫ƣ 𽥻谵Ѥõϼںƽϣ ֳԹⲨ
Ƶ̨ Ҷ˫ֳϣ ĬĿԶƵϣ Ⱦ ʹ͡
վһԣ΢΢ͷע֮µˡ
ķ羰 ͦġҶȴ˳ţ תͷһ˫ɫ˳úܺÿ ڻƵĹ£źɫķ˿ϸĹâ ÿĽʧ档
ǲƿߣ ʹ
ת пϣ Ҷ￴ֵ̨˵ƷֵĻһǸ
ͳɤеУ Ϊ˵ᣬʹɢ٣ ΢档
ʲôƺû塣
Ҷվֱ壬 巽£ վ࣬Ҫ־룬ҲӦø˵ģԹԵ䵭㣬ûиһ㻺Ŀռ䡣
һ㣬ܱǸ
屳Ҷ̬û䡣
һֱ㵱ѣҪĵܵܣûҪޡҶָ⶯˶̨󣬰ͷЩദķʽȷʵ⡣
ϲ㡣ûתƶĵ
˼˵ҶһʱȻƿԡ
ʶţ֧ϣ˫ڿһ
Ҷһ塣
ְ̧סļ򣬸ܵǲҶԽżˣôͿأ
ֱһҶｫתԼµ£ʱ㵡
ǰۿ΢죬˫Ŀӯˮ⣬էһ޵һǣ΢΢۾ڸҶЦ
ֲ̧˲۽ЦᣬкӲദ㱧ңұ㣬֣֣̫
תͷҶ۽΢컹δɵۣ˵ĵԭΪŶô䵭𣿡ҿǻĵģϾҲֻǰ㵱ɸ磬ѡ
ҶЩΣƫƫͷҿ塣
ԭǰ̫ѹˡת˫ִϣʹͷһίӡ
ҶӣЩΣȻĲһ̬ȴݺݵһͬʱҲԼԶ̫Բ̫ࡣ
ǸòϿǸֻĲͬԺϲĶֻкӶѡ
ʲôϵôô϶һῴأ
ҶͷЦЦ
ðɣҵĴǸҶķ˼ԼΪ
תЦ翴ȥû̫⡣
ԴͲôҶЦЦ
ãһΪҪԺʡ
װҶüߵԿľףһֱ߸ѵõиȥ
ˣǾͳԽɡɵѡ˲ôʳһչҶǮģ
ҶͷƳһԵˣܾϵĹеټٵģˣԾͳԣ;Ͷʴˡ
ŷҮáչ˱ҶҶﻳ˲䡣
һ佫ԭ޵ĸҸˣָֻǰģ壬ҶЦЦûнƿ
ˣȥˡҶ
áӦȴûĴ㣬ȥ߸˵Ҷؿڵȴûһ˵ĺۼŨĿҪγˮ
ҶɣָﱻγһļѪӡۡ
ԭֻء
˸Ҫ¥Ҷĵ绰͹ˣǽȥμӻɳ̲տ
ҶӦ
Ҹ˵лɳ̲տȥ𣿡Ҷｫֻպã

Ҷ˵ĵطʱɫѾ谵ȥɳ̲ϹһʽĲʵơƣ˺ܶ࣬Եøȥ
ǣһ۾ɻĿ߹Ҷ塣
ۣ˧С磬۵Сܵܣ·𣿡һ羫µŮԱߵˣʾ˿ȥ
Ӧò·ŮԱߵ˿ҶĿȷ߹Щȷĵ
۵Ķܴ󣬴ҷ׷׷е£Ҷˣֻǵò㹻Խ
һ޳ͦΣ˧һƯ޹˲УһĪԸС
öˣҪС
˻һԼֱ۵ĿƤȻ˼ָӡ´ܲԼ
ǸǸЩ˼ĵëˣһ˧ͻĪļ
ոǿסԼӿݵĳͼԼһߵԼǰ
ʣҶϼŵľۻ𣿡д䵭ۿǰòӿ䣬ŵѪζ
òƿȥе죬ɴţһʱ˻ظֱ󱳱һ¡
ǵģҶϼžۻ㣬ʲô𣿡һĨ͵Цݡ
һˡҶ˵ͬʱĿܱ߻ƣҶӰ
Ҫ˭ɷӦЩ˼Ĵ˴֣΢졣
һŶȻɨɴ˸飬ȥȴû˭һرƯꡣ
ƺߣ˹ɬЦЦһɴ
ֻԼܵ˱̫ɰˣ̫ˣ̫ˣֱܷ
Ƥġ
ɻûüԼļƷСܣ߾ͱһ޳Ӱ赲סˡ
ǸẦߡҶ΢䣬ɤ䵭ԽߣĪĻˡ
һæǸԲ𣬶ԲҲǹġ
ɫǺ죬Ϻһϵʱߵĺ޲Ҹȥ
ʲôţ
˼ͬʵûжġ󣬽˸ߣ֪Ҫ˭
Ҷü￴˿˺ܶ࣬ǼһԶ־ˮʳѾһųӣֻӦôȥɡ
Ҷûˣ˼ˣҿһڡ
˵ţҶﳯòԵĵ˵ͷʹתȥ
˺ö࣬ҸҲڣԼɡҶͷ
áֱӴӦ
˻û߶ԶӭȻҶ
Ҷһˣһʿ
ңҶԱ߻վһ࿡ˣɫЩ԰ףɫѵżֲ
ҶЩ죬һʱ֮벻
ôҶȻҲǿҶˣ߹ʵ
û㡣Ҷ˵
ȥˡҶ͵
ֺسԭעǷҶ˸ĸоϤ
ֱһ̺еĺĿϣüѰ˹ȥ
ĿһƹƯ꣬Ŀ⿴˹ڵ޹
˼૵һĨȤζ



31 
θҶˣӭҶľͲǴ͵ĿˣĻȡ

θҶˣ ӭҶľͲǴ͵ĿˣĻȡ
ҶԴ޶ãҶЩ˺ һȽƫƧĽ䡣
ЩʳϷǰ𣿡
Ҷ̧ͷƺڷ ˳Ŀ⿴ȥ ͼһȺ˴ӵмĳˡ
ʶ𣿡Ҷüʵ ΪʶôˣΪʲôһֱƣ Ѳǿˣ
ʶջ߶ҶЦЦ
Ҷû˵ʲô 濴ˣҲֹ˵ֻҪǸǼ̬һ Ҫ˸õģ Ҷﻹֵ֧ġ
ŵҲû˹ţֻʱʱ˿
ҶѾǽܹҶˣ ܲõ׵ܵʲôģҲǹ˾Сϰ壬 ʮֺ档
ٺ棬 Ҷǵǲҹ̸ ΪҶòһӣ Ҷ˵һģһ ܵû߰˷
ҶλϷԱ߿ţ ԼÿαΧ ˶һסҳģ Ҷ̲סðЩ˼
ٿŽɫ˶ĵطߣΧŹʣ˿Ѫֿٵ룬ôҶˡ
ֻĻ䰵ߴһ̾Ϣ
ҶӣȴŸ
ڵȴʱͻȻЩʣһֻҶ־Ҫȥϵˮһֻϸһˮƿǵݸ
Ҷӹлл
ˮֱˣǺƿǾôˮҶϷ
ҶûˣϴҰһԷֱߵأѪ׵ʱһʤžͳֻĻϡ
޵
ҶЦЦֻϷԭҲУû뵽ҲУĵʱҲܴ򷢴ʱ䡣
ɳ̲տѾʼˣƣǰ쵼ֳҵҲûôֻ֣ǰĿŶС̸
ʲôԶտζҶŤͷ塣
ӣúе͸Ҷﵽտ̯ö
տ̯ϵ˱æһܲõܻܵ¸ɸɾĿ϶Щ飬˷̺ˣ˵ܽܲõְأ
Ҷܾǵİæտ̯ܴϺȫҲܸɾ
Ҷߵһû˵ļϣʳȥ
ҪԼŪ𣿡Щʵ
𣿡Ҷûлش𷴶ʵ
æҡͷĵ׻ǱŻɡ
Ϳտһտһ⣬ˢ͵Ķ٣һСĿĶ̫壬Ǳɺ
ҶҲ֪ǣҲûн̫࣬Щ飬Ҫֶ֤Ľκαⶼá
տҶԭĶȥˡ
ȻɽϣɰͲסľ޴ǿɽʦʦȴΪСɽϳԵʣһ㶼Ӧɽµ
ҶΪ˶ǿģʱʱͻ֯տ˶֡
Ϊʦ֣տôѵȻӸ
˫ڿڣΪȷÿһ춼ܱչ˵Ҷ֡
֣һֻ챧Źżоһɣʲôǰӻǵɽ
Ҷﻹļǵðץտʱ޷ܵı顣
ȻܲԸúܺá
뵽飬Ҷ˶еį̫ǡ
ҪˡԴһҶį˳⵱ȻûҲԷˡ
˽һ棬ҶЩЦİɣһܳԡ
䣬רĿտҲûЩ߰顣
忴ŶˣǺܽӵĻɾǰȴĪζܺÿ
Ǳȳ˺ȥҲǱĿ
ֻѰǲФĴڣΪζѡ
Ŀǰ˵廹뿪ˣԼߣҪʱ䡣
Ҳ֪Լ㲻ϲΪǵһûͼˣԼȥ׽
˶̰ĵģڽܹ˵ĺԺٻǰ䵭Խܡ
Ҫǰ˸ĺãѣֻҪ뿪ֻҪҪٶô䵭ܡ
һŻæҶȥϴּ䡣
Ҷﶯͣһ֪ҪȵңҸһȥ
˵Ҫʰ
֪ѾҪʮˣǰꡣЩεĵ
ҶŷԼӦˣǸˣֶ࣬ϰԵĽ嵱Сչˡ
˵ģҪˣҲǾ㣬Ҫôնˡ
аɣȥɣעⰲȫҶ߶߶䡣
ΪϤǰҶӵԱ¶ţƫƫԼûǸ֪һݣ߶߶Ľ£һ߿տˡ
ɿźСĵΪ䵭xƯܣû뵽ԴԵ䵭xƯܣȰ
һƻһ쵽ͣ˵ЩĻСϰɲ۵ġ
ߺûҶ͹ˣԱ߻Ǹʲˡ
ܣһ£ҵܵҶܡҶˡ
Ҷòĳֺس˵ͷܺãⲻ㣬˼ˡ
˵̧еտ˻˻Ρ
ֺسЦЦôָУ῾أ
Ҷ￴Ҷһۣ˵˵ͷ˼ƽϡ
ͦ򵥵ģѾˣָҪ𣿡
Ҷӽпõţȥ˵ϣĵĸҶֺس׼ӺҪõ롣
ֺسϵЦЩҶȤеܵܵĸо𣿡
ҶЦЦܳҶһ˲֮ǰڹ⣬²Żعġ
𣿡ֺسҡеľƱȻؼªȴӲǱеö˼ָߴϵĸо
ţˡҶſӴ˴ϵ⣬ܵܿĶûԹأ֪ôʽͦ
ûʼԣ֮ǰȵľˮãҶֺسкָҶ˵һ뿪ˡ
һߣΪط̫Ϥöûҵϴּ䡣
ʵû취ˣŵ֪巽λ
ֻڽϴּʱ⣬һƵײ
˳ϸҪƨ𣿡ŭǵԴ϶ǳġ
˴Ͱ͵ζ
üҪϴּȥû뵽סˡ
мɫҲۣ˵ɣǮﶼ/ȫûȻɫ
ֱһѵɭĺͷĴ˾һ롣
ȵȣҡԲҺˡ˼æſ֡
𶯣Ҫ𣿹Ц˾ͳĩβĸȥ
ʮӺӸվϴ̨ϣһһϴ֣ϴ˴ӣŴһֱŵбóһСƿҺϸŶ
һŪת뿪
뿪Ҷһվϴ̨ϴһ֡
ͳ˹Ĳ˲ɾûгϴּ䣬ߵĸ䣬ƿš
һʵʵˣϴϣ߰ƤЬͷɢң಻



32 ϴ
ʱ忴һԸҶˣ˰
ˣʱ 忴һԸҶˣ˰
ˣպãЩǸտõģ ţ ԡҶȥϴּ壬к
ڵʳǰ ȥÿӡ롢ϡ
ôţ Ҷæת
һж׼ԺҶ棬 
ָ⶯˶ ̽Եĳһţ⣬ ڻۣտе
ȻһЦܺóԣ 治
Ҷ΢ɲ˿ ˹ţ ȥʣµʳﶼˡ
ԹԵĵͷĿҶ뿪
ûԼ飬 ղҶĵطͶ˸ˡ
˳࿡ʣ ȥϲ԰׵ɫ ü䵭Į ЦģܻΪǸˡ
ʶ𣿡ֺسƱһԣ һȤζ
ԶĶһ٣û˵ ǵʳﶼԺ Сĵ̧۵ҡҲʶ㡣
ֺسü𣿡
ȻΪʲôҪ͵͵Ŀأ
˲ͨ죬㿪ֺسֻֻǺ档
˵ĿAAģеɬ󣬽ëһֲ̿ģ
ֺسͻȻһϤζӹǼ⣬ɫ΢䡣
ӸӦֺسֱֶ̧ס󣬽
һĨ⣬ָմϰƳ߹Ҷ
ĺɢȥۿ𽥱ʪǾš
磡һֲֻͣĴֺسϸָ¼ǳĺۼ
ҶſõĶһ̧ͷüһָһԵϣ˹ȥ
ץסֺسʹɾֺسɿ֣һɣԶԶģ龪ֵĻһֻܾӡ
ԶȥǹϤζʧֺسЩ㱣ȻҲû֡
ܣи𣿡Ҷֺسһʼ⡣
ֺسҶ䵭ѣǰԼ꣬΢΢
죬ȻЦЦ˵ᣬ𣿡
ҶûﵱȻŲΡ
ۿ߬ǰȥɲһܽġ
Ҷʱ򿴵ľһĻԭֵԱǷ׷װ۾ʱʱ
ʣҶ߹ȥŲӿ˼֣ȻͿԼܵһֺس󣬾Ӹµˡ
Ҷ֡Ҷ
ҶҶ򴽣ɿ֡
ֵµܸҶһ˵СҶﲻҶΪѡ
ɿֺҶߵǰµĴû°ɣ
ҡҡͷҪ˵û£ͷҶֺس˹ңҶ°ھȥ
Ҷӽ赲ס̧ͷϵľҶӵߡ
˽ǰҶ˿ֺس
ֺس°վűҶ۵Цᣬֻǿ̫ɰˣ̲סѡ
ҶɨһۣûǻߵҶߣ޵Ŀ۶壬תֺسܣҵܵܵĺѣӡӺߣƽʱҶá
Ҷûע⵽Ҷ˵ʱ΢ͣ٣ȴע⵽ˣɿһĨ˼ǡ
ֺسҲ˹վǰ棬òãš
ðɣҵǸ˫һͶģǺܱ˵ĶɾȴżȻȻȻ
˿Ų۷
˵վһ𣬵һЭԿУҾǸǶԿĵˡǸֺسЦſЦա
ܱߵļԱ̲סЦ˳ʵ
Ҷ￴ǰЦˣò˺ǵ㲻ҲڵǸɢˡ
ɲǶǸҲûʸԭһˡ
ת壬ͼԼ°ڣ˵Ҫȥ
Ҷ΢ɲ̾˿ӦǱŵˣתҶ˵һ󣬾ʹ뿪ˡ
Ҷ뿪ıӰĬĲ֪ʲô
ֺس߹վܵܶͦð
ҶƳһۣûˡ
ֺسûȤתǰһԵľƱߵҶ￾õʳǰĵɾĿӳһƬ
߳Աߵͷ߹Ҷһ˵һܵ治
ͻȻ˻һ¿ӸԼĲҿôˣ
ֺسͷ
ץˡҶ
ŹɣʵҲǸǵСҰèءֺسŲӵ
ԣҶԶĶһ٣ָֻ

ΪҪȥҶ￴ǰϴּĬƬ̡
ȥɣҲҶվſڵ
һ𡣡Ҷͽϴּ䡣
ϸҪһ˵ʮˣʵȰ껹ҪչˣҶﰵ
ɽϴּ岢ûȥ䣬ϴ̨ͣ
Ҷɻ£̧Ҷ֣ˮͷ·š
Ҷﱻϵˮһæ֡
Լ
ôϴˣ
ҶһϴһֵĿ壬ͷ忪ˮһһϴ֣ˡ
ϴ˴ӡ
ر󴦣ϴͨͨģǸоʹһޱĴš
·Ҷߣͣ¶ˮ
Ҷʶĳ̯֣ϴɾˡ
üЦɾˣﲻǻ𣿸ָңҰϴ
˵ŲҶķԣ־ˮͷ·š
ҶﶼŴƤϴˣɵȰ첻ʹ
̧ۿȥͼͷİϴ֣ᣬûô
ǣ屧־ȻҲϴ˲飬رõ֣չˡ
ȻǲʹΪϴˣǱúġ
ţ͸ɾˣ´αôĶˡ
ֽҶֲɾĻԼٶҶЩԼǲʲôرĶ
ҲͿ˸տѰ
ź֣ͨͨҶޱվϴ̨ߣ׼ջء
ͼӰͳʲôȻ֣磬һɶھƾҺζ
ҶҶ㱵վԭأ編ƵþƾҺԼ֣˻εȴԶӷ
̫ˣǰȻ֪н񱣬ıҲûôţϴֶѡ
ֶҪƤˣ˶
⣿
Ҷʾ֭ţͨϣһҪץסʲôͱˡ
磬ˡҶ½ǣվϴ̨ߵʱ̫ˣ˶ֵĿǡ
Ҷ񣬿һƬǽϴ̨Щ飬Ǻˮ̫ˡ
ҿӶϡԼˮıͳϴּ䡣
ڻȥ·ϣ˺٣ĺҲոպá
ҶľףҲżȥˣ͸һ˸˵ĵضſ󺣡
ҹĴ󺣺أ˷紵Ļ
ʪӭҶӣ͵Ĵ˸硣
ͷ嵣ǵĿ⡣
ҶӣǾȥɣʲô̫գҲôյˣһСĸð˻òʧ
˻ȥʱѾʮˣ¥ҶͼҶվſڣһ֧̣ڵ
ӭ˹ȥҶҲû˵ǿ˿塣
һˣȻȥϢɣҶ￴
ãҶҲûܣֱӵͻԼķ䡣
ߺҶ򿪷ţ磬˵
Ҷ̼ԥƬ̣˽ȥ
psл˵
Ҷ/RQ/ɿżƤ٣
ͨˣ ^^/ò΢Цߣװļٵģ
ˣŭĿӣٶҿЬģ


33 Ҷᣨԧĸ磩
磬ܼ𣿲ûϴ衣Ҷ¹·ʵ
һ
磬 ܼ𣿲ûϴ衣Ҷ¹·ʵ
һտζ滹ã һЩܲˡ
Ҷ˿̣ ߵ̨Աߣ
ȥɣ бڴ̨ϣ һּ̣ Ϊ̵ԵЩɳơ
áҶｫֻ£Ҫԡң յſڣ ͻȻתҶٳ̣ɤӲã Ҳá
Ҷ̸͵ߣ 㶣漴εĽ
Ҷʱ Ҷɳϣһ־ڿ
 ̧ۣ ־¡
Ȱͷɣ СĸðˡҶü
ҶӦһ ͷҳ һͷʪɡ
һŪԺҶﵹˮ ݸҶһ Ա¡
ˣҶˮʵ
ûУ ڵĻǷŲҶ
Ȼˣ
š
ͷ̸ƽҶƽĺ˿ˮҶͼ
ѵΪܣҶƤĬĬȴҶڡ
عôˣûд绰豨ƽҶҶʵ
˸չʱ˸绰ʱûСҶתתЩ顣
ǻǺģпյĻԸǴ绰Ҷûƽĵ
Ҷ˵ͷĬĬ˾˵ô࣬ӦҲҪصˡ
飬Ҫ߰𣿡Ҷ
򣿡ҶŤͷҶҺ飬ΪʲôҪ߰裿
ҶҶһɻ٣˼ƽϣã㲢׼ǣˡ
ҶһãûĥҶ仰˼Ҫ֡
򣿣Ҷɴ۾Ҷ硭㡭˵ʲô
Ҷƫƫͷ뿴Ҷŭı顣
˵֣ǲʡҶ䵭ĵ͸żᶨһ÷ģ
ǣ磬Ҹ塭ҶҪͣɻû˵ͱҶˣ֪ܺãٺõĸ飬ûΣҲע߲Զ
˽𣿡һ仰ҶǿҶ۾˵ġ
Ҷ˵Լ˽⣬ⲻǹؼؼȻΪһԶ
̫ˡ
磬Ҹ壬ֹϵҶ͵
ǣӰ룿磿㻹ôչҶһͿ͸˵ı顣
Ҷ˱죬ЩƿԣЩתָϵҪôҶŻš
ҶƳһָۣˣƱ磿
Ҷ˳߿Լ֣Ǹʱٸͷʹ
Լġ
ָ
˵ˣҶ̧üģ֪ҶΪʲôᣬԿ϶ǣӦˣȻҲ۲ôϸ£ദ
ˣΪʲôǰ˵ڲ˵
ΪʲôҸһ𣿡
ǲʡҶ
ﲻʣҶ׷ʡ
ҶĬƬ̣̾˿ǵĵҲңҲû֤ݣֱ˵ԭ϶ҡ
ǹ𣿡
ǣûôɣһֱǰϷҶ˵˿Ƕû⣬ÿ˶Լܣǲһǰˡ
ǰչʵԼңİ𣿻ͼıأ
ҶЩ嶯˵ţ˵ŷӦԼԱߵĵܵܽ겻ʮߣû꣬˵ų죬ʵǸСƨЩ鰡ڵͿ϶
ҲûϵֻҪĶˡ
Ҷ»ָ侲㻹Сھð죬Ժ㳤ŻףЩƾ˵˵ǲ׵ģЩ˿źʵһ㶼ʡ
ԣʹʹýľ
Ҷһͨ˵꣬ͼҶ˫֧ϣ˫ĿĿǰ֪ʲô
̾˿Ҷʼ˼Լǲ˵̫ˣ͵С̸ûʲôġ
һ뵽壬뵽ҶǰǰֳȫͬףҶͲҶߡ
ã֪ˡ
ҶŻҪͨʲôʽҶɿڵʱҶֱһӦ
ҶЩȣΪҪЩ࣬û뵽Ҷôɴ࣬ܵܡ
ѹͷϵʯͷҶ˶࣬Ҷļ磬ҶЩӲĵԺһõġ
ҶЩЦãⶼʲôʲôҶ뵽Ҷ˵Ļϵıգţ磬һ˴һ
СҶվѾ˵˺ܶˣĿҲﵽˣ˵ȥѾûˣˡ
ҶҶţڰŹԺԭվһ󣬲̧صڴϡ
ϵͳҵС˵ûɣ
벻ҪϵͳδֵĻеϵͳٴҶеΥĻ㱡
ΪʲôʵԸС˵Ըô󣿡Ҷʵ
ӵڲС
Ҷ֣ȴŽ
ʵҶո˵ĻûϣȲ˵屾װ׵ģ˵ԼҲδ꣬Щٶۣɸöʵ
ֻǾʱ֮һģģֱֽܱͱ˺á
ֽڵŻܶװɵһֽûˣһоͶû壬һֱͣ磬ʼռǵԼˡ
Ҷָ̧֣ԭǸ絽磬һʱʱ̿Ҷݵʲô
㶣ԺͻȻһ
ɹʾһδ쳣
һҶüЩɽʵԡ
Ҷ˵ô࣬׽ֻУûôɣһֱǰϷ 仰
Ҳô˵ģκ鶼ǿѨģûô򵥡
ʵλҪԼȥ顢̽ϾۼΪʵΪ顣

߰һϣڶҶʱͷǡ
ڴͷϵֻ죬Ҷùֻ
磬û𣿡
ҶͷʹˣͷеΡ
Ͽð˰ɣ循
ܰɡҶĻش𣬴űֻ˯
磬ҿšǱߴһ죬Ҷķžͱˡ
̫ѨҶš
һҶԺֱӻȥš
ҪȥҽԺ𣿡Щǵʵ
Ҷｫڱˣ˯һ
ֻ˯ĻǺòˡ
𳳣
廰û˵꣬ͱҶˣ
ͷ۵Ҷ鷳꣬һֱ˵һʱûס˵㡣
߾þûжҲû彲ҶŷӦԼ̬Ƿѡ
ƿӸǸͼѾ뿪ˡ
̾˿Ҷɻȥ˯ȺЩȥ˰ɡԺš
һ֪˯˶ãڼҶܾʲôеճȥЩԾͲˣ뷭˯ֲιˮ
պÿЩɣǷŽĶҲҶ˳ӵĺ˺üˮһжˣҶｫ˯
ʱѾĵˡ
Ҷֻһ˯ˬͷҲˣҲͨˡֻΨһȱǣе顣
ƫͷȥͼһŰװ۵Լ۾ǱŵģȻ˯
֣úõĵŰ۵£鶼鲻



34 ƽҹ
ʱ̫ѾҪɽˣϼڴϣӴϴ޼ɵĸš
ʱ ̫ѾҪɽˣϼڴϣӴϴ ޼ɵĸǰĲ
ƺڷ ֱֱĿ컨壬֪ʲô
嶯˶ Ȼ˵˹
˵һ 
ۿǰ˵𽥱 һ٣Ȼľһš
ֱ
飬 ˵䵭дһ˿û˵γɵɳơ
̧ͷ űԼӱѹЩɫ֣е顣
ҶСĽջأ˺һеɢȥ
𣿡Ҷɫ糣ĵ ûмƽԼѹ֡
ӣ ֻѾˣ ȷʵ˸óʱ䡣
Ҷƿ˴Ŀڴͷɨһۣ ԭһĵطһϴռˣ ĿӦҩ
˯Ժܵ£ Ӧģ ֲһúöˣ Ӧιҩ
ллҶڴߵ
һ£󿴵ϵҩ ˲֪ôˡ
ЦЦû¡
ϴ裬 ȥҶ˵·ͽԡҡ
ٳʱ Ͷ˸ˡ
磿ҶЩ졣
ôӵ绰ŴԡҳҶҶɫ̫ÿ
Ҷߵ绰˰ѹѹһƬ
Ǹˣ˴ͰֻػˡҶңԶһߣĵ
ˣҶɫ΢䣬ֻҪ绰
ˣѾˡҶ߹ȥסҶҪ绰ľٶ
˿Һ죬Ǹ120ûȥ
´˵ҪһšҶ̲ס˵
һˡҶջ֣ë˲ͷһֱչҡ
ЩȻȻľ˵ˣ˵ҶŲԡ
һ̧ͷȻͼҶһ˵Ŀ⿴Ҷո˵š
֪ţϴʱʲô뷨
Ȼûʲôϵܵ˵ǺΡ
ֱż͵͵ԼᱻֵС
ٴΰͷҶëǸȥ·ȥԷ磬ҪҪһ𣿡
ҾͲȥˣʡǲڣˣðû͸ͰͷٳȥҶվҶشֱӴǵ뿪ˡ
ҶЩԵĿҶ뿪
ôãҶ߹վҶԱߵ
Ҷ̾˿˵ãɿһ޹͸¶ŵǵ壬Ҷﵽûô˵ֻļû£ȥ·ɣȥԷ㲻ҪԺʴ𣿡
á
Ƶţһһ˲̤߸ӵǸĮžͲ̫ýӽ
Ǹº࣬װ۵ĳúƯ˿
ദ϶԰Ǹ˵߸ǸţʱʱӦ䡣
˽нԶûվڴŲߴŵ绰ˡ
ԣҿڱõģʲôҲһ˾С
ڲãȥ˵ҺãʱҰš
һ˵Ժ˹˵绰ģЩ£ԼȽϺá

ĶȼپƵ꣬ʲôûУͺһʡ
Ҷѡһ˱Ƚٵģʵĺʵ˽ȥԱĽλϣ׿ˮ
ҶϺз㡢ȱȵڶຣʡ
˵ԱҶˮһڡ
һûԶˣʵҲͦģҪǴӦ˴ԺʴͣӦûԵ㶫ͶԸȥˡ
忴ҶЩ԰׵ȸԾ˲䱻ֹסĵǸסˡ
ðףҪҪȥҽԺһ£
ҶˮĶһ٣ˮãϢһ¾ͺˡ
ҶܾҲûٶ˵
⳶Ż죬ǵĲҲˣԱŲˣһĺʣɴ۾
ţԡҶߴٵ
һԵ״ϣ˸Ϻϸϸš
Ϻˣ廹һ޴ֵӡ
Ҷ￴ǰ˴㶵ģ̾˿аõϺŵԷ

æҡͷ磬ԼԣҵԼ
ȳˣȻңѧŵ㡣Ҷ˵ţһϺæҵĴףȻϸϸĽŸôϺ
Ȼ۾ˣַ·ʹһúõϺ飬ľһС⡣
Ҷ˼󣬼˻ѧͷˣЩǲðϺġ
ҶҲˣֱԼ֣һԼһһ룬Ȼͣ£ĳԣְĿתƵһצз
վȸȻٸԼ
һٺʴͣҶָԼЩ
ϻɢɢĲһЩȱʹϺĺʣҶ￴ŶһĸеĴϺҲңĬĬʳҲԱˣԼĥҲС
ȻԺԺʶ֣Ҳ̫ˡ
Ҷ˵һȥһϴּ䡣
ʱҶ￴˿װΣĪľе֡ϲ졣
һʼʱûע⣬ڿݶΧһȦȦʵƣģͦÿʲôɣҶš
صλϣԭտҲȻ˼ĿӿģҵĴϺ
Ȼңôȫ
̧ͷպöǿ佱
ҶƬ̣˵ͷ޵Ĳ
ܵޣˣһΪԵú޵С컺һĨõĻȡ
糢
Ҷ͹Ĺĵθֿ˿һڴˣһͷԡ
һ⣬ռطҶҰοš
ǼϺҶҪɿֶһģһϺ
Ҷ̧ͷ廹ڰҶʱԼθǵܡ
ȵȣ壬ˣҳԲˡҶջˡ
ûдһźҶװ
ǿʣϺҲԽӣſտҲ룬Ҷظ̱ϣֱӲ붯ˡ
𣿡Ҷſſӣ岻ʵ
Ҷҡҡͷۣǳ̫ˣ붯
һ£͵͵ЦЦ˭ø̰ôࡣ
ҶƳһۣøƽϡ
ҶﻺʱѾϾŵˡ
վ˲糯ŵſȥ˷ܵĻ֣²˵´λҪԡ
ҶĬĬҡͷ´һˡ
˸ߵſڣͱſڵķԱ
죬ʶҶڵķ˿
Ҷü彻һλáҪѯʣͼǰһѩӡֽɵһĶ
˿ãСǵǽտ֡
Ҷ￴ǰϤİĶ뻹ǽֽ˹
лл

˵ţҶｫݸ壬š
ЩȵĽӹȥָⲦ˲Ĳֽһ档
磬ĺƻ˷ܵ˵ţ䣬ŲһͣϵЦָ̣Ȼһ
ƻѲɽƽҹ
ҶҡҡͷƽҹҲûϵ
˼Ҷӷɿʲô˲̡
ƽƽҹ
ҶԴһ죬æŤͷ壬ͼԭ۵һ㱡죬һ޵ϴǳȴĹˡ



35 
ƽҹڶηʱ䡣
ʶһ㣬Ҷ
ƽҹ ڶηʱ䡣
ʶһ㣬ҶӱӷӦܣѩɫֽɵĵƻڵء
һ·ɱƵ꣬ Ĳӣ ϵԽŨ궯
Ҫȥ Ҷ˵ݡ
ϵƤ̣ ̵Ҷķ
Կóڼѣ ҶĶΪһ淢/飬 Ǻ롣
ڶ¥ͣ£ һİ˽
Ҷһ˼֡
Сյĵݼ䣬 ûþͱһȵ Ҷ΢ΪԴͷҲǿҵģ ҧźܱѡ
Ǹܵգ ǵͨ죬 ŤŲ ̫ʹŦ۶ˡ
ҹۿ ƺѰĪԴ
 Ŀⶨͨ죬òƯϡ
ţ ִ˼֣ һ˫΢죬 Ƕ˵ǣһѪ޲ȥǿɴ
ֻѪԱߣվһػߣʱ
ҶܿͲǱ/ߣͬʱһ̵ֻĻŵסֱָƺں£ƺҲ͡
һҶｫݽ䣬޳ͦεԼǰֳһ־Աߵ̬һԵɫ˱䡣
ҧ촽һƬңϵһ߹һеʲôҪĶ
ƻսϼʹҵĴԵЩ˲䱻ȡʹԼ/֧䣬һҡβ֣˾̲סҪϴա
û𣬲԰ٿصıȫİˡ
ҪҪصޣҪǸԼˡ
þȫҧ촽ҵʹ·ʹ񫣬ϵ˶˼֡
Ѫð˳Ĵ۵ƤۼһϸСѪ飬Ѫ׹䣬žһɫָϡ
Լ飬һ촽ҧѪģ
ǲȫҵʹӿҪƷ
¶񣬸Ƿ˺Ҫ촽ҧá
һһĨϮͷϵ˷ϸ΢˻
ǻķɢȥĴ޳ָ⡣
ָϺȻӡЩѪӡ
ϵأԷȴѾܲһֱֱĶָơ
ҶＫϵʹĸ˺۵Ĵ꣺ԣҧ
ɳƣߵߣž˵⣬ȾƬ
ҲðЩӨס
ҶҪջָ֣˿ȴһĶ򣬰Ź̵Ϣļһ۾Ȼɴ
ٵĽЩָջأͲסļ£ʶĽǰ˱뻳Уֱս
ͻȻĻУϤϢ島ǰ˵½ҪƿĶ˼룬תսԼĸ
ܡģģ𣬴βס
Ҷššֱϵ⣬ƽź⻬ϸķ˿ʾοϾ͵ˣ̡
˵ܣһԵ˼ʵ۾죬޾/ĥǣ˴ŵӴһһӵˡ
ԽԵζԽŨ˱ᣬ۾ʱ۵Ѿ/ȫ渲סˡ

˵ĿҶƫͷˡ
˽Ų˶٣ݷһȻǵĿĵء
Ҷ˵ݣ˽ȥ۵/ȻҪ
ֵܣҸһ
顪
˻û˵꣬ͱҶһ߽ڵʹŶӡ
˺Ҷﲢûͣ뱧Ĵߵ˷ſڡ
æҵԿףϵ˲ͣҲ䣬ټ޿ײ㣬ҶѪӿǼӴԿ׵Ѷȡ
ڸʲô
òҵԿףҪţһķű򿪣Ҷ𾪵Ŀǡ
ҪҶһţȣ磬
ҶŲ˶٣ԼܻܵﱧһˣݣҪķ䣬ܲµǸ塣
ôˣҶۿЩŵĵܵܣĹ졣
ǸҶｹŽڣϵζȣӰ쵽ͲˣˣҴȥ磬Ϣɡ
˵ţҶＱæŤԿף˽ȥ
ļȫûпҶȻɴ۾Ͳ˼顣
űϣҶ㱵ĿŽյķţϵܵҧģǸӣĺ
ѵܾܵȻǿ뵽Ҷ˲һ˵ı顣
Ҷɲ֪Լĺⱻ飬ԼľٶǱǿȡ
һţֱԡҡ
СĵķŽԡǿӲĽϵֳ£ҶֱˮעԡС
ԡһӣˮƣƽϵȡ
޾ⱻˢһգǻָȴûбֳġ
Ųˮˣ˶ܺ⣬ȥûжı仯Ҳûа𾪡
һ㶼Ϊʲôһ𣿡ɳɳģЩβеˣеΣա
ҶšſصĶһ٣ת۾Ͷ庬̽Ŀ⡣
˵һθҲôҵġΪԵʱģҶĶȴô¡
ܿĿ⣬Ҷƫƫͷһʱ֮侹Ȼ֪Ҫôش
û뵽ô񣬾Ȼˡ
ǣ̫ˣûýڣҲû׼
Ҷ࣬ϵ궯ϵĲֻһ
ãҶŵȲ˵ȥ·
˵ţҶȥĽŲЩң忴Ķӵĸо
ۣһż䣬ȷϱûмôһˡ
ⱲӳΪʲô
Ҫ룬ˮʱѹסٴξһΣһʼҪڡ
ɫһ䣬ÿһηڶһαһͣĿ˿ˮ壬ǿֱӣ򿪻ˮк£ȵϡ
һߣҶصԼķݣĿȷֱԡң·ѾֱӴˮ
⽫ϵѹȥҶͷ³һ
ֻһ㣬ôһ㣬Ҫǰˡ
ͷ˿ĳҶﲻЦƺϢձˮһĻٴӿ
Ҷһϵȫ¡
ûǹ˵ζ½ĵǺܿ졣
ʮӺҶԡҡ
ϼ·ҶԿףվſڣЩԥҪҪȥ
ŵڶεķ飬ǱȵһλҪ֪ͣˮܻܲ⡣
һ˲ҶﻹǴ˽ȥ
սͷ̫ԣϽˮգʪģһƬ
˳ˮյĺۼǰߣһɳɳ£һб
Ҷ͸ģˣÿΌȥţӺϲڰȴڵϣ˹ע
ҶｫڰڿţĶһԵ˳
ڵϷϸ죬ҶҪĿ棬ָȻһ١
ϸҩɢɢڸ
ҩҶ￴ҪооԡͻȻһ̵ʹ
⽫ɳϣҶߵԡſڣԥ̧ţ壬û°ɣ
Ӧ
Ҷٴţ㲻˵ҽȥˡ
𣡡ԡеģ壬΢ĳ߰ɣԼԵġ
ҶЩǣ嶼ô˵ˣҲ˼ȥš
תҪصɳϣԡͻȻžԼľ
壡
Ҷ˼һӦԡҵų˽ȥ
ٴϮɵһҶûбŵ岻ûгⷴø䡣
Ŀһҵĺ죬һſڵϣˮϣѪ˳ֱۻʡ
ߣϴƷڵأһѴѪĵ
΢΢ͷվſޱˣЩԼţҪֱϵѪۻԴԴϵðѪ
һ㶼⣬أʹֱϵʹܺõĻȣǱڵ
ոǿվֱ壬еĵͱڵϣ
ٴαԡţֱ۹ԹȥҶҩ
Ҷϵı䣬岻ҿ廹ͣҲұֳֻǰһֻ֣ĬĬ͡
úҶһϴ˵ְãһֻ֣ĸۣ˺Լ
ʹͷ
ҡҡͷˣûôܡ
˵䣬ָֿƲסҪսġ
ҶｫסֹĶ
һҶֽ̧ˮ򿪣ĵˮͣӿţ𽥽Щһһ¡



36 
Сԡˮӿݡ
ģ
Сԡ ˮӿݡ
һƬհףɫϵ糺¡
ˮĳˢ½ˣҲ𽥱
Ҷｫ˵ֱ۸߸̧ һһ
Ŵ ˮĽԽԽѣֻǱһ Ѿûжٸо
ʶѵ֪˰ˮﱧ ûã ֱȵˮС
ȵˮнһѾʧȥָ֪˸о
ݵЩ˯ ԺֻԱ˵Ļ ˸ɾ˯£ϸǺůıӡ
ͷսӴͷ;ˡ
Ŵ߻ʪܵˣ 򴽣 ſҪ˵ʲôȴֲ֪ô˵
Ҷһһ۵չ壬 ԡﻹǰ˴·ޱӣ ϵζ࣬ ȥҲûôˡ
Ҳ֪Ǽ㣬 Ѿܻ谵ˣ Ҳˡ
Ҷ﷭ǴһЩҩԼɴ õ崦˿ڡ
һҶ΢ɲ˿ ʹȥˡ
硭ҪҰæ𣿡
Ҷʰ ׼˵һߵʱ ͻȻڣȻǷʲô
ԡ뿪Ҷһ̧ͷ壬ͼɫ԰׿̬ȴ棬˳Ŀ⿴Լ¸ҶʱԼޱȸӡ
ɬе㶪ˡ
ôǿҵϢصĳ£վǾ˵Ҷ϶ʲôë
ȻûëͦãҲ̣ͦǱеܡ
ˡҶﾡһֺƽ彲
ʪĺܣܣҶﲻ弸뿪ˡ
صԼķ䣬ҶٴĿȷֱԡңֻһβôˮȥ
Ҷһԡһ·Ϳʼȭ
ȭЧĺãûһֱڱǼȫʧˡ
Ҷϴ˸ˬ衣
ϴȴĿܣ֪Ϊʲôе˯š
Щ궯ܾÿģ촽˶ͻȻ̡֧
ʱȷʵǸöȻ֪кһ
ȻҶụֻֿ̂ʼȭĴһȭĶɴȭ˴̫
建߰˼Ҳͣˣ궯Ҳָƽ
֪һ˶õֻ̫һʱչҹû⣬Ҷ˲Ӱۿ
ֻӰЩȥƽԺٴθֳǱˮݵĲ԰׵нԡʱѪĵ档
ƯֱϾȻô˺ۣǿϧˡ

ڶ죬Ҷﱻһ߶ŵѣҶ绰ȥ͡
ӦҶﲦ˲ͷҲ֪Ǽ˯ģӦúҲôܡ
ǿϴ˸裬ϸɾ·ҶֻԿ׾ôš
Ÿڷ䣬Ҷ߹ȥҪţϵĻһ룬Ƿ֡
ôõˮϻˣٶ˯
ȥ˵ʱͺˣҶ¥
ֻߵһ룬Ҷֻܸ̾ĻָǿˣˮҲ֪᲻ðȻˡ
̧˽ȥҶҶԱߣɸͲһɹС
λĸԡ
ȸк磬簲
ҶɫƽĻӦ簲
ˣоôûʲôĵط
ЦЦû£һжã˿ϹҩѾˡ
Ҷʱ£ʼһûһĸ죬ȻڳһͣҶͱҶˡ
ովãҶһ̧ͷͷҶһֵֺĿ
塭
û˵꣬Ҷüľκһ˿϶ᣬҶﲻҶᡣ
ΪȷʵʲôûҪ˵ʲôͰ·
ɾҶҪ͵ʱҶһҶļעϢ塣
Ҷˣ
֪ҶҶյüģֻԺģܵܺһʼտס
һʼΪܵϲ壬Ȼ岻ϲܵܣ岻˺ܵܡ
ҲǲϲܵܣϲģġĿ˲ǷֿȥҶ̸̸
ҶӦּֿơǿȡ壬úõĵܵ˵Ҷһ϶ûô˯š
ڶһʹ绰ͣ뿴̬ȺøЩû뵽忴ȥ黹ͦá
ܵܣɫ۽ںڣһɶȵģ
ټϸոճԷʱ˵ЩҶҲǹ컯֮£ԱߣǶ̸ֻ⡣
ʲô˲˵ģŶ
ͦ߰ͦģ˵İɡ
ҶһĨΣЭҲˣҰ˸һԵһлῴĿ
ʱܽܵĻףǡ
ܵܶ˸ռˣҪһǲǶԲ
ʵϣҶһεˡ
磬Ҫ壿ҶһֻҶ˵ʲô˸塣
Ҷĵܵܡ˲ˣɡ
ںеһ죬ҶԴȥģϳˡ˻ͧӾ
Ҷû뵽һ䵭ģЩϷô̼
ͦϲġ
ϲʱ֮ǰľᣬһͶ뵽ǰ⾪ִ̼ϷС
磬ȱȡҶվڳ˰ϣĺˮϣļҪС
Ҷ˹ǣԼ棬ܵţоͦ
ҶȻڰ칫ңǾϲһЩòݲļ˶Ҳرá
Ҷɬ㹻죬ͶǿҵԼԵ˲ˡ
ۣǱߵ˧˧
ߣȥ
Ǻڱ
˾ȻֱڿתԾ˧ըˣ

˵սܼңɴ˧ȻΣȴҲ㹻̼ɴ˺ܶڡ
ҲˣĿʼͣɬϡ
ʻԵЩҶûмģЩսľЩȴԵ࣬ţˡ
һͻȻҶ֮ǰ˵ĻϸչˣԼʪȴչ˵ůġ
˵ʲôʵͲҪѣֻҪһˣһҶˡ
һ̣ͻȻͲ֪Ҷﵽʲôˡ
̽ôֻ࣬Ҷһ
ⱲҶкܶ಻ϱӡ
ΪⱲӣɸɾġ
ҪϱӵԼѺڰԼװ׵վҶǰ
ţǲɹճһĨõĻȡ
ҶһڱصãŨŨռ
ĸ硭ֻģ



37 ϲ
˼ϵ
ͷһĺܸˣ ҶϷɻʱ򣬿·һ޼ʵĴ󺣣Щ䡣
̾ǰʱ䶼˷ˣ Ӧ㷢ôĻʱ Ҷﴹϵֱסˡ
磬´лòã
ҶŤͷ壬 ָ˶ ܵյĽ Ҳͷ˳֡
áҶӦƫͷ⡣
վհɣ үǲ³Կ ֻͦŻͦҶԱš
ĵ룬 ׼ʱִĿĵأ Ҫ·ɻǰҶóǰ׼Ĵ°סԼ ȷʵʵ·ɻ
»صϤ캮ضĵطԸвʡ
վڻſڣ Ҷ߸ͬú壬 Զ Ҷ顣
Ӻ 뿪 Ҷ˹
߰ɣǻȥ
һ·޻
ֱӿ˹Ԣ£ ˳ҶҶ Ҷǰ 塭ֻñӺдļƷ
ҶһҶеĶû˵ʲôһᳵ·¥
£뿪ôù˾ͦҪҶģû
뿪ʱҶｫҶ͵¥¡
ҶȻлҪ˵ڳԣӿڴ̵֧ϡ
ǵҲˣһҪ˵Ĳʡ
ģҶüۣ䵭ΪԵԼˣǹ˼֡
Ҷ죬ʱ˿Ӧñ⣬˵Ĺϵɲ֪ΪʲôͻȻʧȥ˱/ѡĬϡ
Ҷָ˵̣Ȼߵһǻףġ
лл硣Ҷ￴ǰߴԵĸл
ҶԼȻе㲻岻Ҫ泶ҲûǸز
Ҷ̬ȣж
ʱһֱΪ˿ǣΪ˲ģڻ˸磬иΪǣΪˣͦõġ
ҶҶļ磬Ҫתϳ۾ȴƳĳһ½ǴҴʧ
Ҷ˳ҶĿ⿴ȥʲôûС
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Ҷҡҡͷ򿪳˳Ҷע£Զȥ
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ʵҲͦã飬Ͳι֮ǰĻ
Ȼ治֪ҪôشԼΪʲôϵһ㶼ȡ

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ҺиڣżãѵС¯
ҲճˣҶžͲˡ
ѧУϾҪĩˣѧϰѹһӾˡ
ϣ廹ҹսҶ֧ŲסˣſһС
ڼ£û뵽һֱѧϰĳͻȻ͵͵һա
Ҷϵ⣬װ˯
ĩԵһ죬ΪһԵѧУҶͺֿˡ
ϿģڿϣҶĵİıʣԺű֪ʶ
ڸϰʱ϶Ǹһģڻʱ򲻿ɱ뵽塣
뵽͵ǡ
ֱԾҶҡҡͷסҵרĿԡ
Եʱʱĺܿ죬Ҷ߳ʱѾǰһԼõĵطˡ
Ҷ߹ȥʱͼԶһʱŵʡ
ǲĿ̧ͷϵЦݲޱȡ

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ʱ䵹ͦɵģСʱʣͦá
һʼҶﻹȥû뵽˵һЩĿ⣬ӵڶ쿪ʼѾֵĺˡ
ֻ˹ҶһڼģҲ֪Ҷô֪ģֱһ绰Ҷȥ
ҶȥʱҶֱӰԼߣһʼֻæļʲôģͻʶĽļ񣬳̸Ҳһ
ҶЪʱǱҲǹˣΪҪˡ
ȫԲӣһˣҶĸڹûҲҶһϼƣҶֱҶｫȥһꡣ
ҶסĵطһСͱط󣬵ס˴´ࡣ
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극ɳϣҶ֪ʲôطóһҶһ塣
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Ҳ׼͸ҶһҶԼӵеȻǲֵһģɶ˵Ѿõĳֵˡ
Ҷӹûκı飬˿
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Ҳ׼һ˽˶ƵУʽĿŵ͵ţҶ￴ĵһ۾;ʷҶϵʡ
Ҷһһ˷Ž˷䡣
ʣҶ
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ҶҲֱһʽΨһͬǱСèǺɫġ
⡭¿
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û룬Ҷִ򿪵ӡ
ڲŴһˣ˷ؼҴ˯ˣ굹һ𿴴ˡ
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ϣԼѾˡ
ֱ۷һϴֱֻͬһֱϵͼǰèһֱϵͼǺèèèȥĪġ
ͷϵ̻ٴը죬촽˶һƬ̻У³һ仰
Ҷû˵ʲô
Ǵһһϣ˵ϲ㡣



38 Һܿġ
岢ûжٴȥ֮ǰƷ깤
Ʒ빫ԢܽȻ
 岢ûжٴȥ֮ǰƷ깤
Ʒ빫ԢܽȻȥˡ
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ٴλصҶҶ̱ɳϣ ֱ۾
Ҷ¥ ɳϵҶе⣬ûȥ
ţ磬 סһʱ䡣Ҷ ̫Ѩ
סþסã ҲҡҶ˱ȣҶ档
Ҷͷлл硣
ĺһں Ҷȷϣ Ҷһۣ᲻ûȥסҲа üĿŻͦ۵ġ
Ҷ벻ͦࡣ
ȥҶץ˸ϥϣ ĿĽ˿ߡ
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Ҷӣ˸磬ͦõģɣ֡
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Ҳ֪ˣô˻ҪȥͷҶҶȳ뷭ۣǲݾ̲
ɡҶ˵žҪóԿס
ͦѳҶԼߣҶû꣬ܿ
˸硣ҶûͱҶֹˣҴ򵽳ˡ
ҶֻݸҶ
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ҶվԭؿųƨɣЩʡ
ֹܵ˾ȻҪ뷽跨ȥǸ춯ֵ

һߣո°࣬ϵĵԼ·ϰк뿪Ʒꡣ
·߻Ǯһݳߣƽĳżҵķȥ
ÿ춼ôģ°̫ûʲôԵģһݳҲܳԵȥ
ֻǳ߳ԶܻζϳԳˣһһ˼š
Ͽյģֻмҵ̻šֵΪ·ƣûôڡ
ֵ߹ߣǰ߰˰׾͵ˡ
·ߡ
ֻȻȴҪ·һưɺһСӣϡ٣оƹһ㲻·ֻǽ˿Ͷ࣬Ƴ°࣬ƽ·ߣ嵽ҵʱʮһ롣
ߵĻ˵ʮһ֮ǰܻصҡ
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ϵİɫƽѡ˳
Ӧ˵ͦã·ưһҲûС
ֻʣӣ尵衣
·Ҳ֪Ƿʲô·һһĵܲȶмյƻˡ
ڣǿü·
·ֻܰ·ĽŲյЩˡ
ŽŲɼӿ˼֡
ͻȻһӰǰһַڰϴ
ء
è忴ڵС˿
ӿŲԶӡ
һһ׵ʱ򣬼ҡҡλε߹Զ嶼
Űָ˽ͷСԼĴڸС
ʱŨҵľ岻ʵü
磬Сǡ֪˭˵ôһ仰
彩˽ûͣǰߡ
վס˺
ɫ΢䣬ȴҲ֪Է̫ˣϵĻ϶Կ
ҲɵվסվŲڶԷµһ̣Ⱦܡ
ģǳСӻˣ
Ľ϶ĴûлͷһԵǰȥ
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39 °
S.WƷ꣬崩Űɫ̣򿿴ĿˡϷžƯƷζ
SWƷ꣬ 崩Űɫ̣򿿴ĿˡϷžƯƷ ζá
ã Ʒá
ò΢Ц  ڴߵСգлл

屣΢Цת뿪
岻֪ǣ ת ԭֵС˲Уóֻһ
СգòSWƷϰһŮԳĴָ
Ŀģ û˱жã ǿһ¿ĿAA֣󷽡ģ
ллֽ㡣ɫ΢죬 Ц
Ӵô˻Ầߣ ɰϰ忴ɬģһȤĵ
ϰˡԱߵԱĶҪð˾̲סվ˵⶯ëȷʵøĸġ
ʲôİ ɰϰ岻Ϊ ЦеĿ壬 Ҫ֪н񱣬Ҫˡ
ЩΣ ǰЦϰ壬 ͦϲġ
˺ˣ ˵ȥܿˡ˵ԴԺǵͺ˲١һոĵԱ߹ǡ
԰һ붼Ůأ϶峤̫ÿˣ˸ˡԱߵ˸͡
ǰ궼ˡ
ԶԶԣ֮ǰأΪʲôͻȻ˵Ҫң֪Ҫǵ꿴壡

۵Ȼ죬۵ĶεʰŹ̨ʱѾ쵽ŵˣϾ͵°ʱˡ
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˵װԵ˺ӷףһΪܸߣκܺãͨͨ·Եúܺÿץ
ȻץĻǿ٣üۣͦı״ıƿƤɨ١
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Ůһ仰û˵ͱһ˴ˣѰɣˣ˧ĶȻ˵գ۾Ʒ͸͹ȥɡ
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ŰɫӦͬ£ҶòԵĵлл
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ĻæķԱע⣬ȻϰҲĻ˹
ЩãͲҶﱻҿ밲뿪ʱôһ˵ˡ
һ屾ŪҶ뿪û뵽Ҷȿˡ
Ǻã°ģлһֱչˣɫˣǾȻȥˣټҶòԵĳŴ㶵˵
ǷӦߵſڣҪƿ߳ȥͷ岱ӹͺͺġ
Ķݸ壬ţճ־ΧİãȷʵʵģҶ˿
ùĶҶƿţһǰһˌȥ̬ܡ
ҶһϵжĺȻȻ˿˶ȻĶУ˶ܸܵ˹ϵ׽
Ʒݾ˼Ȼһ·ƵƵĿ
ҺôʱΪʱϵƷѾûжٿˣǿ϶ᱻŵҲҵƷˡ
ƷĶȻûԶҶˣǶû£ΪǷʲô¡
Ҷһ壬·ȻóƷĶâ衣
Ѱװд򿪣ıΪԵʵǱֵĲǻһ㡣
ҶӺͳСӣŵݸ壺԰ɣˡ
ЩȵĽӹҵ𣿡
šҶӦֻ̧˻ΣŰ˹֥ʿ⣬Ҳġ
Ա裬Ҳ̫ϲģ嵹ͦϲġ
ܶԣͺˣԶ˻ðǷ̫߳ԶҲáҶֿڵʱʱֻϲڵǶǡ
ϵĳЩûʲôô
Ҷֲ̫ˣɶĿ˵ˣֻĬĬıš
´һ𽡿ĶˣҶﰵš



40 ج
Ҷÿ춼ŵȥ°࣬һֱҪѧȥ
ÿ졭
 Ҷÿ춼ŵȥ°࣬һֱҪѧȥ
ÿ춼йɵȻֹ ˶̫Ӧ ϾҶﶼҪϰÿͣϽ°ࡣ
ͬϰϰ࣬ ָ˴򽻵 ΢Цȥˡ
ҪҶÿ춼 еϲϧȻε÷ǳ죬 쵽ûӦͽˡ
Ҷﵹûô࣬ ˣ˼ŵ˰ĸ߿ϣû֮ǰ˵Ҫѧ
ȷʵΪ֮Ŭţ ϰ࣬ ʱӢﵥʣΪӢ
ҶΪСڹⳤ ̳˼ӢﵹǲôģοϱӢѧҲ
Ҷﻨһʱ䣬 ΪѧϰӢļƻ 䵱ʱӢʦ ҪڼҪӢԻ
ڵȴѧǰһ ôһȫӢĵĻжȹˡ
ܿ죬 ˿ѧʱ䣬Ҷȥ
ڼһһֱڸҶｲ Ҷﲢ֪˭
ò Ҷʱʱǻḽ䡣
ĴźͻĶѧУ Ҷ²ӦҲѧУѧ
ֵסУ߶Ҹоûм㡣ʵ
߶ġҶԼĻشͬʱ²ӦסУģΪҲоûмˡ
Ȼһ͵ģסУ
࣬߶Ҷ
԰ֵܣǲǲѧУûãôҴû㣬Ӧð㳤ô˧
ѧڵתѧҶش
ֲãλҲѧڵתѧ
һֱѧУ顣Ҷ
ôҲûмɻĵ˵ƵƵҶԱߵ忴ȥ
ã塣ЦЦк
ã⡣
⣿
ҶŲ΢٣Ǹ
ѧǲѧˣ
ô֪⾪岻̫ãѧѧβȥˡ
Щ˼ĵʱϤİĵطЩӣ˸˳۵һֱ׽һǻĵĽţҪʶˡ
ʵǸոסУǰ߶ģΪԵʣѧУȻ꣬ǰ˹ϵҲô
Ͼһ٣ʱʧһڵͬѧôܻύأ
ǳѧһѧڣ
ˣҲˣͲ˸ĸסУţһܽѣֵĹһѧڡ
һ뵽ʱ鿺ܣҪȥʶѡ
ֵܣ壬ˣ´μݰݡ
⳯Ҷ˻֣һŲ԰׵ϸֳһ˿ЦݣһǸʵˣʹĥûԸ졣
ټҶһǰһĸ
ͦġҶ￴ԶȥıӰ
ǲͷɿһĨӵ
Ҷֵ壬ǵһμˣһİˡ
ûôֻ࣬Ϊۡ
ʵԼ⣬ԭġ
С˵УҲˣڸѧͻȻֵġ
ֵĿģòֻΪʾ˱жأȨжԼһ̬
ǵһϵˣһ۾ͿĲԸΪԭһֱ⵱ȻӲ
ȥʦǸʦû⣬ֱȥ壬һֱҪ
ⱾǴ󲡳岢ãĸ˼ˡ
ǼֱҪȥ
һݣֱټϵΧ⣬һСľͽ˸ˡ
˺ϵƲϵֳ棬ѹȥ
ؼҲеҵףֻôһӣͻԶŹܲܣͰ
Ͳ鵽ϣؼҺ൱ؼҷıԪˣҵļǰ޵ĵܵҲΪľ˾űҵ
˰֣ҺܿͰؼҴˣؼҵĲҵһ
Ҳһεİʹǿдȥл˾ˣ屻ľ˾˿ϣɴ˳׵ıһ֮أѲܡ
֪ǲΪһС˵ݣҶܲá
忴ȥҲ̫ߣƲֵġ
˻ؼԺҶ˵Գԣ͸ԻϢˡ
ҹҶڿʳˮȣͻȻ巿ﴫ
û˯
Ҷɻ߹ȥվ巿ſڡ
Ķ϶û˯جΡ
Ҷɫ΢䣬̧־ҪţɴϵģͻȻ˳ѣ᲻᲻̫ã
ҶЩԥ̧־þ䲻ȥ
ֱﴫļ
Ҷ˲ôˣŶûþֱӴţ岢ûз˳ľͽݡ
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ʱ˫Ŀţϸͷϣͷ϶Ǻˮ
ƺǱجνľţ˫ֽ߬űӣһĲ
塭Ҷڴߣĺ壬Ҫ
ûҶĺʶ߽ţϵĺˮ»䣬ںڵķ˿С
Բ𡭡϶ģЩ顣
壬ѣ
Ҷ̧ҡҡ壬ͼ˷Ӧ㱡
ҶüЩǵĿ壬جεĸоܣȻʱ˻ˣӰεļ¸лǺӰ˵ġ
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彩Ӳתͷǲ֪ҶԱһɴ۾磬㡭ô
ҶЩΣجˡ
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ǿЦЦԭ
Ҷ￴ЦݣһЩƣʲôجΣڻ𣿡
屻ʵҡҡͷҲǵˡ
һ˵ģҶҲû׷ʡ
磬ԡ𣿡
ڵĵƹܻ谵Ϊ΢˵ƹԵʣҶ￴ϵ廰صĲ
ûԥҶﳤһ죬ͽԼıס
彫ҶĲϵĺˮˮһմʪҶĲ죬ǱĴУҶȴø̡
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ҶﲻźۼŤŤԼЩӲļ̧ͷ壬Ȼͷ֣ȶ˺ܶࡣ
ҹѾˣǵڶ컹ҪѧҶȥë˲ϵĺˮᣬ¡
˯ɡҶڴ߿
ץҶ½ǣ۾һֱҶ᲻ƿ
ҶﱻЩڣһ²ܣΪجˣԵøҲ
˯˯ٻȥ
Ҷ̧ס۾ëɨҶֻģֽ˻Ȼͼ廹۾ֱֱĿ
Ҷε̾˿Ҫٲ˯ֻһ˯ˡ
˵һ仰û뵽۾ȴֱóһλ
Ҷôãڵ仰أ
Ƭ̣Ҷﻹ˴Ȼϴ͹ǳȻѽ
ҶｩӲȫҶȻͷ֣ԭһֱ۾˯ˣȻһ˯ˡ
ǡ
Ҷ￴Ż岻ЦЦйһ̧ͷžúЩ
һ뻹Ϊج˯žһ̾˯ˣ㲻һΣҶɷµš
Ҳ֪ΪĪ˼֡
Ϊһ˯ţɵҶ׼˯ʱȴǼľ˳˯С
Ҷĺ𽥱ƽﱾѾ˯ŵȴ۾
СҪϱиֱȴͻȻս
㶣͵͵ЦЦ̧ͷҶ°ͣýԼ˶ҶĻУĳ˯ȥ



41 ʹħ
Ҷ˵ѧӸȲûʲôһĵطǶ˵ʱѧϰ
Ҷ˵ ѧӸȲûʲôһĵطǶ˵ʱѧϰˡ
ÿ춼Ӱ룬Ϊλóͬ
ڽ ҶﲻѧϰϢǷ һֱԼɾˣȻҪǰͬѧùϵ ദǵģ ʦҲ⡣
࣬ Ȼǰǿ࣬Ҳʱº͵΢Ц ɳ˱ҪĽ⣬ ҲûиͬѧйĽӴ
ҶˣϿǰȺˡ
ҶﻹתУòָԽ ˷˾ܸأ ҲһЩδСϲһЩ⾴η
ηԭΪǶ֮ǰѧУĿѧΪҶ
ѧڵˣ ʱ֪޼ɾһٵķͣ е˾֪ˡ
Ͼʱ ҶʵҲǱ˿ģ ˵˵ ôί ѧУ棬 Ǳ˵л رӣ زҶù
ɵȥǾֻ˸ѧϢⲻ˴۾˲Ҷ
Ǹǰ۸壬ҲҶˣ˭Ҷأ
ѧڣû˸鷳ȻҲû˸ãҲ˵Ըã˲Ů˵۸ٶЩż壬õĶԹ۹屻۸
£ȥҲÿǣ˶Ĭάԭ
һ༶һǻᱻ۸ģǰ壬ڵȻбˣ¶ˣǿҪˣЩ˲Ϊͷˡ
ڣһڽСС˾ͱһ˸˸˳
裬йȥƿˮ͸ˣ
˵ĶֵúܴΧͬѧȴǰĿǿ֣ȻѾϰΪˡ
ҶҲע⵽ǱߵĶǸ˸еӡ󣬺ǽʲôģǸ
۸Ǹûʲôӡ󣬿ΪԷĴڸʵںܵ͡
ʱΪ˵ĲֹѾλ˳ڵýߣܰܰ
һԲıͷ
ⷴӦ̫ľˣҶ̲ס뵽С˵壬ǲҲ۸ȻҾԹۣ侮ʯ
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Ȼ˵ѵ˵ʱֽǻòͷˡ
ҡ
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죬ŵҪ
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Ҷ￴̬üԼ´΢עһǸˣ̬ôǻᱨġ
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رӣ˸۸ܶˣҶһӣԭҪѧУСܵԵʣûôԹ
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ϧȻƺ㣬Ϊȱ־ҹϷȾƵ飬ҶͰȫſˡ
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ûأ循Сģ
ҶҲΣյĿӦĻȭȥŵӵڵء
ӺܷҶֱ۱ˣһѪ˿ڲҲ忴ŻǺۣҶؼҾǸҩ
ҶЩΣСһԼˣȴüͷţһ˾֢ģ
ֽ̧ǽüͷƽҶﰲοû£ͺˡ
˴һԲĿֱӽ˷䡣
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磬еȌȥһ¡
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󣬿㶵ģŷӦԼе壬ҪѾˣֻƿߣװĿ顣
͌ȥһ¡ͦģûƽҶĲԾֱ뿪ˡ
Ҷ뿪󣬲̧ԼĹͷԱ߿˿Ȼˡ
ݲ飬Ű뿪ȥģ
ȥҲðѱҲ߰
ȥɣҲڰŸոշֿûã
뵽ոĵĺܿĵӣҶ־Ҳûпܡ
ȴЩ鶼ȥˣ
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忴ŵڵϵˣ΢䡣
ûֱӽ廨͵İİһߵҲˣôճһԡ
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壿
ԭӦ˻ĲͻȻһЩϤӽ˽ޱתͼɴ۾һ𾪵Ŀ
㡭
ⱻǰһĻĻ˵һ㡹־Ҳ²ˡ
ֻʣһ˼Ǿǡ
ո֤ʹȻƤӵ±һħ



42 θ
û뵽ͻȻ֣ Ҳ֪Լ˶𶯡
쵫Ĳ⣬˵Ľ϶Ǹڵ֪޾һ
ϣƫƫ⣬ ĳҪ ĸйٺܸӡ
ֻǳôһ£Ҳǰװˡ
ȥ峯 ˵ŻʾԵĳŸ
Ҳ֪ɵ˻ôˣ ˶״̬ ôһ˵㶵ġŶһ ȻҲˡ
ɸհᵽһѹˣ ⲻΪŰ𣿣
ôӣ۸ͬѧ𣿣
Ϊԭ򣬴ûѧУ˵У԰衢ͬѧżʲôͦԶġ
 ѧУǺʥĵط ѧУʦͰףͬѧѺÿɰ
ԣ һμĳ棬˵ʵеŵģ ʩ߻˺ܺõ壬 Խˡ
֮ǰӡ̫ˣ ȻʶΪ忪ѣ ҲϣܸԼһ͡
ո̧ͷ ͼ忿űߣӸޱĿ ºʹģȻͬ
Ҫǣ ֪ʲôطһС ĵİģѵһԣײеĲУ
̿ˮҿˣֻܵͷİ壬ӽ䡣
ȻǸΪСԵʣ岢ǿ׳Щŵ㲡̬
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²˵ȥƳ˿Űһۣ
Űվֱ壬صĺѾ࣬壬еܲܡ
ԥƬ̣Сʵǲ۸㣿
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ҲܺһϾںѾǰˡ
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˲ϲ᧿ΣǿһЩֻǰһԴ壬ǲˡ
ûֽ̧Źϣ;ֱˌȥ
⼱æϣǵһθôȱµ£ԵúܲĿƵƵڵǸ䡣
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ϴװӽͰߵϴ̨ϴ֡
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ϴֺ󣬼ĿɿڴĿԼҲ⣬ֱӳȥ
վɸţʱ彫صطſڵƿӿ˼תһۡ
ע⵽ĶˣʱƳߣĲΣܾԼ￴˱ӡ
Ǹ̫ˣʹ˽ȥ⣬ҲǵһΣƽʱҿһ㶼ȥģæ͵ϿңͲָ췢ˡ
嵭ġŶһҲ֪Żûš
رصһСʱǰǸ嵱ʹϸƢõԼ
壡
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ϣΪһΣɫرÿһΧҶԶˣֻǰһӰ
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Ҷû˵òӦɻ̧ͷҶȴ⧲ײС
ҶȫԼĵӰ
Ҫһ⡣ҶͻȻһ࣬˵ĲϣһΡ
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㶣νϣȻû뵽ҶʵȻйġ
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ž
Ҷ㶵Ŀ壬ϵıʶ˵ϣꤵĹֱߣ¹͡
Ҷû뵽ôֱףǼ̳ϦҹĶθס
ҶﲻȻƿߣ̧ͷӣʣµİضϱӽȻЩΡҺʱϿˣȥ濴ֵ˻ȫӿ˽
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Ҷû˼ȥصĿһµĵͷ壬̾˿
Լܣģˡ
Ҳô˵Ȼϱû̸ԴӴԺ󣬶׽ûоܾôӦܽкӵġ
һֱģֻ֮ǰûֶѡ
ڷˣҶ鷴øأһֱԼҪѣˣܻϡ



43 
ΪĸףҶһ磬ʦʲôΣΧͬ
Ϊĸף Ҷһ磬ʦʲôΣΧͬѧʲô鶼û
Եڶ죬 һͷܵǰսթ֮Σֶʱ ҶǺ±Ƶġ
ͷŭӣԼĶһ޹ĿԼ ˡ
Ҷ ĸӵţ
ͷ׺ݵضһ仰 סƤѪ죬ŭˡ
˭Ҷſӣ ǰһӣ ȻڳԷ
棬װһֻͷذŷԣ Ͷ̥
Ҷջߣ ԱߵʱĽô̵ŽҶС
ʶҴڸеġЦЦ ָָҶǰķ ԷҪ Ȼˡ
Ҷ˵ͷ ׿˼רĳԷ
һʱ֮䣬 ָֻһʼİһƬ̧ͷ СĵĿһۣõһĮ
ŵæջߣ ֻﰵֹ Ҷﱳڹ ΪͷⲻҴ󣬻ǵһɷǡ
ֱ˽ңҶ֪ԭǸͷȻ桭
ޱĽͶעĶεҶﶢͷԺĪֳżһЦƬһˣòƾ͸ʱ泤һ
Ҷ￴ſȻЦͷЩУԭ˳۶ˡ
Цÿ
Ҷʱͷ߾ʹº͵
һºҶϰԵĽϵЦһƫͷͶߡ
ôˡЩʧĵ°͵ֶЦһ
̧Сĵĳ˳Ҷ䣬һ˫۾һգգĿΡ
εߣҶǲľܾġԵ޹ЦһѶϵеҶһʱ֮Ȼ֪ôȥЦźá
룬Ҷﹴ˹ǣ¶һЩӲЦݡ
ÿԺֻһЦòãִ̧˴ҶǣЦӯӯĵ
ҶӲ˵ÿѵǴ˵е˾
ҶЩ˼Ŀ壬ͣ¶ֽ̧Լҵָ£ѹ
תתͻȻָҶġ
֡ҶεĵǱëһ£ġҶﲻԾսָ֣յĸЩ
ЦЦôҶţò̫㡣
ſ֡ͻȻ
Ҷſ޳ָչţȻһ룬һֻͬ޳־ʹʮָۡ
Ҷһպ߹һǣһַŵӵ¶š
ߺҶһһŤͷͼ͵Цؿţǲ͵顣
͵项˵úأҶﱻ˵ĶеǸоˡ
رʮָ۵ǣһΧѧϰͬѧĻ£ҶԼַ˽ɵĴ̼С
ƫͷԵĿ˿ȣҶ̧һֻͷĵ֣úѧϰ
塸ŶһԹԵóӢﵥʱʡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷҲóѧԾо
һʱ֮䣬ķΧɢֻѧϰա
ǣ֮£·˵ֻľһ˭Ҳû֡
ҹҶڴϣȥ˯š
̧֣ƺʱϸЩʪЩ̡
Ҷﶼ֪ԼȻһ棬ëͷСһؽϲԴʶԼԺԽˡ
ݣҶԼǸ
һ年һ־øܣ⡣
еġ
Ҷ̾˿뵽ָһĻĻòϣͦϲġ
ôһˡ
Ҷﷳķ˸Ȼ˯ţҲ˯ˡ
ҹɫܺãԲҶ￿ڴߣعͷϵ¡
֪һ磬ǰܲͷǹúòãҶʶתָЩš

ʱţת۸߿Ҫ١
ڼ䣬Ҷﻹע漸죬һ㶯ûУͺµĺݻǼٵһ
ģҶҲעˣĸϰ
ҶҪָԾ⺣ûʱĿĸ߿ˡ
߿ǰһ죬Ҷϸʳ»⡣
ʮ㣬廹ڱУҶֱӰˣߴȥ˯
Ҫ뿼óɼ˯ҲǺҪģҶΪһܽľ顣
ڴϣԼ֪ʶԺһҶŹص׼˯
ɵƲŸոչϣžͱˡ
Ҷƴ򿪣Щɻôʲô¡
򿪷ţͼ屧һͷĿ磬˯š
ҶĬƬ̺΢΢ӣɡ
ҶغţתʱͼվɫЩн
Ȼͬһ£˵ʵҶȥüΣҶһζûǵһΡ
Ҷ˵Լ˽˸ˣԼҲڵúܡ
Ϊ壬Ҳûų⡣
Ҷ
Ϊ˯̸ˣϾ߿ֹغµĿȷʵʳѰ
ҶĥҪôοźãǿ帴ϰģˮƽֻҪǱصѧ׵ģȫͲҪġ
ֻҪȥ˯ˡ
Ҷֱ壬Ҫڣȴˡ
磬һ˯屧ͷС˵
ҶǻĻ˻ȥһը
ȻҲû˯űӴ˯ô̹ϵҪһ˯ͦΪġ
㺦𣿡ҶĬ첻֪˵ʲôֻôһ仰
šûзֱӦˡ
Ҷһ˯ôãڲ£˭ء
ҪϳȥҲ
ʱæѧϰϰĴѾ˺ܶˣɿ̬ȣһ˯ǲˣͷùˣʾˡ
Ҷûа취ֻܵͷӦˡ
ڴϣͬجǸһ˯ġʱ˯ֵúܿм仹ɽһСӸһ˯
Ҷ۾컨壬Աߵ˷ȥȫûһ˯⡣
˯𣿡Ҷ̲סʵ
š˯šͣ¶͵͵ӦţģЩί
Ҷ̾˿ת壺
䣬ꤵĹ˹Ҷﻳ
˱ڻҶҲð࣬°͵ͷϣ̧ıο˯ɡ
á忪ĵҶĻ˲䣬һֻСèһҶﲻš
Ҷﲻע⣬̧ͷɿҶ°ͣ
°ӡת˲ţҶ㶡죬սֱۣķ˿ñǼɨɨƵ
õԼҪĻĽͷҶľѴҶеԡ¶ˬζ˯ˡ
ҶŻǳĺĬ˰Ҳر۾
룬Ҳܰѻ˵һͨͨˡ



44 һ˯ɡ
Ҷ˵߿еĺ˳ʱоһ㶼١

Ҷ˵ ߿еĺ˳ʱоһ㶼١
ֱһƿ꣬ һ̣ Ҷޱȵɡ
ʰ֤Ȳ߳˿ Լõĵط
磬 ûп壬 ǿ⡣
⿴ȥҲܼؿò
Ҷ ſ˫ۻҶһӵ Ҷȥˡ
ǰֵܣѱУ
ǷѹĴʯ˶Ʈˣ Ϊ޼ɵ
Ҷ￴һû ƫƫͷãã˺У Ҷ￴塣
ģȥޱȵɻã һֵֻһųײҶﻳ
磬 ˣ
ҶЦЦ ļˤˣǽˣ ô
оܺãɼӦòЦеĵ
һġҶͷ
ôĸϰ ʱæԣ Ŭô࣬ Ĺʵ϶Ҳġ
վһĿŴ֮ͥ§§ˣǹϣǵע󣬿ɶɨѡ˱졣
ܹȥ˶ãŵӾӸµǷ滹ͣԺ֮ȥ˵ԱҶﻹҪ¡
⻹Ҫȥʰߵ;͸Ƿֿˡ
ҶߵУſڣͱҶסˡ
ҶǸո°࣬ΪʽĻɫװΪȵԵʣĺɢϵĿҲ⿪¶Ըеĺᡣ
ʱһִڷϣ򿪳ʾҶϳ
磬ôˣ˳Ҷʵ
ȥԷи׼Ҷ
ҶͷȻԱװúܾµС
лл硣ҶЦ
Ҷţоۻ𣿡
һ߿󣬰ϵʦͬѧһҵᣬһԳԷʱԼһθ
Ͼ߿ȷʵ͸øˡ
Ҷﲢȥˣ˶ȥ
Ҷ˵ĿֻһǾǰԶ̬СѧΪ˷ӽѡһ·ѣѹûѧУˡ
͸˵ˣѧУȫǲõ飬ҲĻָƽȻҲͶѧУûøС
˭Ըһ۸Լһͬͬѧأ
һ¾ҵᣬȥҲգҲû˻⡣
Ȼʵʵǡǡ෴˻ġ
潹һ޴İȥֻŵ绰ɵ绰Ǳȴ˻Ӧ
ܳ潫ֻӽɳϣһ粻
һϵȽϺõôˣûӵ绰𣿡
ûӣΪ˽ôãҶС˾Ȼʧɳ
ҵᶼμ𣿡ǸЩѽ⡣
˭֪أŭա
ôȻΪҶϵùβμӱҵᣬҪҶһ̵ĽѵðҶ
ͼƻˣڱҵ˶ʮˣ֤һҶԲ˶ߡ
һжƻˣ͵űҵᵽʱҶȻʧˣò״ʦҶĵ绰ɴȥȻû˽ӣ
ԽԽˡ
Դ˷ڲһͷԼһҶÿܴ裬һҪӱȥ
ҪģһѧʦץúܽҪ߿˼ѹͶˣҲȵڡ
ΪʲôΪһҶģǵȻΪֻҶйڣѧУҲֻҶҶˡ
磬ʵǿԱְԱߵͻȻ
棺ʲô˼
˵ǸⲻǸҶϵͦõɣǰۻǸڡ
룬ʱ¶һĨݵЦ⣺Сӿ԰ô죡
ҪҶﻹ᲻ᵱͷڹ꣡
һߣҶɲ֪Լ˵ţæŸвˣڵģҶЩֱӡ
˿ǸǹȻûĺóԣҲԵ㡣Ҷ
Ϊ˸߿ǳ˺üĵˣںò׸߿ˣҶﵱȻԺõ㲹
˵ͷĬĬĳԼﱻѵϸߵĲˡ
ҶŲˣԼһ߳ԻҶ磬ҵҴ˹ݲ
ҶġšһɫɨҶˣܾЩơ
һ˹һߣûԶ;ԼѾˡ
´λֱͺˣԷʲôģ˰ɡ
ҶûвҶƣе̧ۿ˿Ҷָ֮ǰͷԡ
ˡ
Ҷϵֻˣ˿ͼϢ
üҶȥͿһͼƬһⱻͼƬ
ҶﻹӦһİ绰˽һİ绰Ҷǲӵģڡ
Ҷﰴͨ
ѱ򣬾ʼһš绰ﴫŵҶػֱӽ绰Ҷˡ
磬ôˣҶɫ̫þʵ
Ҷĵ绰ˡ

ʼһһKTVҹӭϵĻ𱬡Ը߿ѧʼԼKTVǺй߿ǰĻ
ʱ¥307һΧһȾƳӣġ
һСⱻʵʵڵϣЩ
ӲҪ˵˵ֻ˵֣Ǿǡ
ʲôֻأǣ
ķԸᵽ䣬潫Сһҡ
Ҫǣ廹ϢررҵĻûǱ
淴ƫƫˡԺƨɻûأͱ˴廨ˡ
ţⲻЩ̾˿ĻҲ֪ԼΪʲôᱻץʱֻҶɵɵһ
ģˣֵ׼
ⰵʱȻֻһϲ
̧һƣлλֵǽȻֻһҪǾǺݺݵĴһҪ֡
ڳ˷׷׸ʱЦ棬·ѾԤʾ˴ҶĲ
ûãЦˣΪ˲ҶǾ졭
ǹָˣҶ̵˳
澪彻ӵĿ£Ҷָ̧壬ѡ
Ӳ棬ⶼˡ
Щãⲻһ¼ôڱ˰ܰ
ʲôݣʣ
жã˻汻ץˡ
ȻΪʡҲȥ˾֣Щ¼ͱ˳Ҷﵹǻž˵˵ĶС
ʱ򣬾ͼվſڣڵҶ
壬Щ˼ĻμʲôҵᣬͲһ־緢ˡ
߹ȥ˵˵ȴһڵԲ𡣡
ˣЩӦΪʲôҪǸ
ҶԸ棬Ҳԩ磬Ҳᱻȥ·֪ʲôǱ͵
ûûϵ˰֣Щܳû뵽ΪС¸Ǹ
ⲻС£ΪҡĶԲ𡭡ͷǵ䡣
ϱǱģΪ˰
ⱲΪûͲˣû뵽ΪȻǱǰ˸ˡ
ȻǵĿΪвҶŰ⣬һǺ˾Ʒ˷裬Ǻǲ롣
û£㲻õǸⲻǺúõ𣿡ͷۿˣӵеܱŤ
ŤûãҶͳ
ǰ˶ˡҶźϢ˳
͸ǻá߷ߵĵ
óֻһɫͻȻ˱䣬ǸҶ壬ллǣҰ涨Ұ˵ͻؼңڶҪŵˣȻȥˣټ
˵ţͼҴҵ뿪ˡ
ҶﱾȥҽԺû˵ôżȥֻա
Աߵ壬Ҷüôˣ鲻ã
һʼͦİôƲֵġ
ҡҡͷһ̧ͷҶЦЦû£ǻȥɡ
ЦʵЩǿˣҶֲ²鲻õԭֻȴ˻ؼҡ
֮ǰҶһҶȰˣھʣˡ
صҺҶｫҶɳϣ˵˵ͼѾݡ
ҶڿöʲôʱЩġ
ʮӺҶķš
彫Ŵ򿪣ͼҶﴩ˯ЩЩڵվſڡ
һ˯ɡҶŵ
ʱЩȵĿҶĶͣã֪Ϊʲôʱһɨˡ
ѹŲͣҪ̵ǣȴڲصļϲð



45 ˣǾһɡ
ҶűʾҪһ˯Ժ ֮һ˵ķΧ˶˶Է˼Ͳͱһֽˡ
ֻºҶûʲôʾ ҲɵĲᡣ
߿ 岢ûиȥǰƷ㹤ˡ
ҪǮ ΪϴѧԺʲô ǮǺҪġ
 ҶҲʾ⣬ȻֱӰ壬 Ҳ֪һܡ
ʮ ߿ɼˣ忼686֣Ҷ￼682֡ɼҶһ㶼⣬ ϱӣ ɼҲ࣬ڸһЩ ȥ׶ѧ
Ⱳӣϴѧûôִ ϾѾϹһˡ
Ȼܿģ ɼȫУҲһˣ һôѧ⡣
Ҷһ£ ˶ȥ̫Զĵط ѡAõĴѧAAҲصѧ ѧУ ڱҲá
ֻҶЩǣ ȻҪѡѧרҵ
ΪʲôѧѧҶЩ⣬ЩķɶйͷˣΪʲôѡרҵԼͷ̫
ѧܺðøķҲܸõ÷ԼЦЦ
ҶһҲǣС˵ﵫܶ˽㷨ɣҲڻᱻ۸ûҪ
һ߲ɣҲ⡣
Ҫѡʲôרҵʡ
ţҸ˵ѡ̹רҵҶ
Ҷ͸̸ˣҶϼźܴ󣬻ԭĸڹҲй˾
Ȼԭ壬Ȼðԭδ滮ߣԶҶҪҲû࿹ܡ
ѧУѡרҵҶ尴һ־Ըȥ˾˿
žǵȴ¼ȡ֪ͨˡ
幤ʱҶҲûҶ˹˾ȥˣԻǰӦ˾
ôæҶÿϻǻȥ°ࡣ
Ҷӣòǰؼҡ
ôһ£¶ʮ죬Ҷ﷢Ȼǰ°ˡ
֪ʲôԭ򣬿ҶҲû⣬ճؼҡ
ڰ·ͻȻ˵ڵˣҶﱾȥȴԼһ˻ȥУҶȻؼҡ
ۿʱҲߵ㣬ܱȾŵҪ磬ӦҲͦȫģҶЭˣһ˼ҡ
صңҶﱾ㷹˵Ÿ߽ͷϵĵƾͻȻϨˡ
״Ҷﻹǵһô侲ֻ˿ɳϣź˹ȥ
ҶΧĹϤźҲߵĺȡ
ߵɳԣҶȥָֻȴͻȻһȵ塣
Ҷɫ΢䣬¶оһˣôܻбˣ
С͵ҶӦֱȥҪƷס
ոս˵ֱۻʲôŤһ£˾ֱӴֵֵܣң
Ϥ⡣
Ҷˣô⣿շɻſͻȻŵ졣
һЯ΢Ļ⣬һһ
ףտ֣ףտ֡
һĵ⣬΢Цųո裬ɳϵҲų
һո裬ҲߵҶǰ˿̣ϵЦڻҡҷ¸ԵòöĿˡ
磬տ֡ĵ
Ҷտ֣ⲻ֪һʲôҶ磬ݵһӴɳϴ
Ҷ￴ϵĵЩ¡
ҶҲ֪ʲôط˳ѵõûдװǴһ׻ɫз
Ը򡣡Ҷļʾ
ٲ㣬Ҫûˡ
ҶѣҶŷӦʶĽȫˡ
˺ڰС
ֵԸ𣿡ͻȻ
ûСҶЩɡ
ҶЩε̾ϢȰѵƴ򿪰ɡ
Ҷ˵óֵֻͲȥһûãĵƹ
ʱҶſǰһУϹ˶⳯Ĳʴ
彫ŵϣԱ߶ŵ⿴һɼ͵ģ
ûǰҶｫϵĲʴ
ôûǰ֪ͨңҶʵ˽ˡ
Ҫϲ廹ûشһڣվЦôвжϲ
Ҷ￴һۣϲҲֻ֪֪Ҫص㣬ƵҽԺˡ
ЦĬĬĶ¼ŵˮ壬ҶԿʼ˰ɣһ볢ء
̧ͷ۰Ͱ͵
⣬ģҶ￴ǰǸƯŨ˵ĵ⣬Щȡ
š˵ͷΪ⣬ص磬ֱȥѣ͵͵ѧ˺þá
Ҷһʱ֮侹Ȼ֪˵ʲôãʱҶ˽һС
ҶԼĵ
ҶЦЦӹлл硣
лҶ˰֡
Χһӳŵ⣬Ҷƿơ
ƿһƿ붼ҶĶ
һΪˣΪǣΪԱһƴȰơ
Ҫ̧۾⣬ƿƶҪҶ
Ҷͷһû쳣
ⳡȴܰջһֱŵ룬ҶҶ¥ڼʰо֡
һҵ˾ˣֻʣҶҶֵܶˡ
һ˳ȥģ˲Ը⡣վڳԱߣҶҶ
Ҷ㶣ӦҶ˵Ӧ壬ЦЦȷʵȽϲ򵥵ķʽ
Ҷ˵ͷ֪ͬա
лл㣬硣Ҷϵĵ
ţѾǸˣʱҲҪϵҶ
ã֪ˡҶЦӦ
Ҷָ˵˼仰ϳ뿪
Ҷ˺¥廹ʰϵĵ⣬ǰҪæȴܾˣû취ֻɳϷҶ
УԿףһѺǳԿףױ־̾Ҷʶļֵ
һԿ׿ž͸ͨݵԿײ࣬滹һֽдһַ
ҶɻֻѣһAĸ߼Ԣ
⡭Ǹһ׷
סУġ
ȻסҶҲίԼסᣬϾסһ֣ǲ̫㡣
ҶԿպãڲʱ˹
Ҷｫ¿壬ͼ岻֪ıһС裬Ҷ￴Ʒֲֵ
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̫͸㡣Щ˼ĵȥ֪Ҫʲô·һ굹һ۾Ϳ̫
Ҳֲ̫
ܺģ곤˵ڴ϶̫һܽһˮ߰½һˮͿˡ
Ҷֲ̧˲̫ľҶǻͦ
ЦЦҶû¶κı飬
ѡ̫Ϊ̫̫̫ԽůԽá
˵Ҷ̫Ǹֵ⡣Ҫ׷̫û̫
壬лл㡣ҶﱧŻ裬̧ͷ塣Ǻ˾Щ΢ԵʣʱĶᡣ
գȻգȴա
忴ҶЦݲãлϲˡ
ҶｫݸһЦлл
Ѿ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
ĵó𣿡ܿҶĵлת˵˱ģ⵰صذҶĿζģζ塣
ҺϲܺóԡҶȷʵͦϲģҲͦģƽҪþá
ϲͺáЦЦȻһС
ҶһͻȻֽ̧ڻȥľƾʼãø̹ϣ𵰸⣬Һϲ㡣
ƵıǼϣлعȻųһϲЩĵ磬˵ʲô
Ҷｫ˫ֳϣƽʱ΢ʱȴһƬ壬Ǿһɡ



46 ̬
˵һʱˬºԲ
ҶһԼ
˵һʱˬ ºԲ
ҶһԼ˵û޲ðǸ̫̹ϵԼ
ƾ˾ƾ£Ҷᵽ˾ƾı׶ˡ
һ𣬿Ҫǵͬࡣ
磬 Ժ صԼ磬ô죿
˵Ϊؼң
Ҷﲻ֪ԼܲΪؼң ˵ܣ ȻԺ˵ܡ
ʱô죿
ҶŽ̫Ѩ Ÿ˯ȴƣ֡
ţ 岻ڣ Ӧϰȥˡֽµģдţ
磬 ȥϰѾ һ¾ͿԺעϢ
滹һЦһģ Ȼдλܺá
Ҷｫǩ˺ϸϸĿ˼飬΢ɵԼ˵Ļʱ ƽǡ
Ȼǵˣ ϲ µǩͿԿ
ʱͻȻ˵ ˵ĶǺ Ӧûѹɡ
ҶץץͷЩ꣬ Լҵ
ҵѧ ԭ磬 Ҷмյģ磬ûСҲ˵ҶǰҲֻܿ
ҶһҪѧ̸ŵ׵ġһһĽ̬Ҳ崺磬ԭǸĪӵĽȣǽһá
׵ҶԥƬ̴绰壬ѯҪҪһѧܾˣҶҲûǿһ͹˵绰
壬˭ĵ绰翴ɫ̫õЩǵʵ
սӵ绰ʱϲôһҵ绰ɫͱˣ
ûУˡһĨº͵Цݵ
ðɣ¾˵ǧš˵ֻ˵㣬µĹҷˣ㿴һ¡
óֻ˿ȵֽ㣬㷢ˣûôࡣ
ûзЦЦǹʡ
ллֽ㡣мĵ
Ӧõģȥæɡ
áЦĵ˵ͷһתϵЦ
Ǻ
뵽ոҶڵ绰ǿָֻⷺס
ת۵ϣҶվڼſڣЩԥҪҪȥ°ࡣ
Ȩ֮£Ҷתɳϡ
һϲȥӣӦû°ɡ
Ͼŵ룬°ˣе࣬°ʱƳ˰Сʱ
кһ϶ûֻ߳˵š
һˣֻͼԼȥĻƳ°ʱϢ˻ظ
嶢ֻĻ΢䣬ԲۿܱߣȴЩ΢졣
ֻһ͵ͷϤĽֵȥ
·ͷײ𣿡
ûһϤʹ˹һºȻ̧ͷͼҶбһ£ЩĿ
㶵ûҶֻ߹
ҵþˣڲųûҡҶһ߻һ߱Թ
Ҹ㷢ϢˣӰࡣֻҶ￴
ҶﶨһǣӣʱЩΣҳļǴֻˡ
ֹǼǰģ³ٵ˽ӲˡȻһĿĵزŷֻȻˡ
´λʵʵĽ˰ɣô໹ǰҪһؼʱ̾סˡ
Ҷ̾˿Լ̫ˣԼסˡ
ʵһҲûɶٺõ˶гֱܷһ졣
Ҳһߵ󰡣Ҫ;ˣԻؼңҲаһ˵ˡ
ҾջһأʱǶѧˣֲһѧԺ
һ˱õ˵ϲϱˣ˵ĻҲԲˡ
δô࣬ôôаһֱϲأ
ô࣬Լ⣬ûһ塣
Ӱ۲ۣҶͻȻƫͷ壬еʵ
ˣǸʱô߰£õ¡
ۡ˵
ǶȥʲôҶ
ͣ½Ųôͣҵˡ
ҶﻹȻҪʲôԲźã߾ʹ彩Ӳ
һҶŷӦ廰˼
ΪҶ̵Ÿ顣
һСʱǰô˵Ҷ϶飬Ϊȷʵô͡
ͨԺҶﲻû̯ͣ
ʲôأҶֵ̧˵ţΪʲôҪͣ˵㲻һ𣿡
űҶﵯŵĵطԵɴ۾ûУ
ûоͺã˵ģǾһ𡣡ҶｫÿԼְոյĵط
΢ĶͷҶЩ飬ոô
磬㡭㲻Ǻ𣿡Щˣ۾ﶼã
ɵϡҶйƵͷڵ̸ϣǱﻰֻԭŲ˵ġ
ûкڡҶ๻ˣСĵİͷͷ˳˳ġ
˳˳ͷŶͷһӾͱ˹ɵģ
𣿡ͷЩСǰòԽꡣ
꿡Դһ֮УǳͫʸĮûʲôۣЩ顣
֪ȫ෴국Įݵ£ޱȵᣬҪռᡣ
ȻҶס֣Լж̬ȡ
ҡ
Ҷｫ§ڻĺףҪ֫ƽĵĲ
֪Уеͨһͨ绰ܲµ̬ȡ
û취صСʱǰȥԼʱ̬ȣֻھֲܵĲ
˫ۻҶﾫݵ֫û˵
ûȷϵ֮ǰǲģֻ״̬µĻЩ
ȻʲôţҶſ壬ǣ֣߱ʡ
ֻҪǸģʲôС忴ǣЦЦ
УǾɡ
ѡĺҶ͹ɶˣȻûʽȷϵȴѾ嵱׼ദˡ
ֻദģʽʵҲûô䣬ֻǶЩرܵܽӴ

Ҷȥ°࣬ոһգתһ¾͹ȥˡ
˿ѧӣҶǰȥӦ»
õʻ֤ҶԼȥɷࡣ
˵·˾ͳˣ¼Ҷǰʰʲô˿ֱס
ͣרŵͣҶ¥ԢļҾһӦȫʲôУպҶһסһ䡣
ֻΪطûסԵʣյģҶȴȥɹҪĸʳĺƷ
ʳҶﲢûܶ࣬տѧǴѧУסһʱģϾҪѵסĻ̫㡣
ѵǿ԰߶ס档
оǰ͵ֲʧݻĺγҶЩͷۡ
⳵ȥѧУҲ̫ߵˡ
ҶʹһͨһĳȲ˭ֻ֪ǸҶ΢һ£ڶҶһͨ۵ĳӡ
ŲһҶﲻò̾һ׸ĺðʲô׼׵ģ
ѧУѧ죬Ҷ廹⡭ûҲA󣬻һǷѧרҵ
ҶҲΪʲôҪѧѧĻشǣ㲻ѧܿԺʦ˴˾ά˵ĺϷȨ棬尡
ԴˣҶֻ˵ûᶾ˵š
壬ҶҲܷĲ١
˸һУţ־ԸæָȥѧԺ
ѧԺ͹̹ѧԺԶҶͺ˷ֿˡ
־Ըڹ̹ı˺ܶҶﰲŶӡ
ͻȻһ־Ը߷ε˰СײҶﱻײһġ
סβ˼ĳҶǸ
ҶҡҡͷʾûϵѧܼѵҪڰæ
û뵽ѧһŤͷҵˣϣæ
ϣЩ찡
Ҷ̧ۿȥֻ߹һͬ־Ը·ˣͦߵģǿźܸ䣬һֲĸо
ǣҶĿⲢûͣĳϣǷŵǰһ͸ʲϡ
ƯһƯӻһЩëԼһβͲݡ
էһǸƯװƷҶȴ֪ǡ
ǲʵè۾ëСëβͲʵСβ͡
ЩǴӻĶǵһ֡
ŲҶԺȻֳС˵ʱһ̬ۣܽ
ϣ̬ٿ񣬻ŰȺáŰϲĵط֮ɹƷϡ
Ҷﲻ֪ԼǲӦҴʱ岢ڳ
ɿǰ⿴ȫܸ̬һˣҶɫǱ˱䡣
û뵽С˵ǸֻڱϼƬͶȤչɹҵ壬ҹҹβı̬ȻҲA



47 
Ҷ̫죬 ѾǸѧֵһϿ˹
Ŀ֮£ɫ΢ͬѧʲô𣿡
û£ ѧϵĲƯҶɫ糣ĵ ·ֻΪԵʲŶ࿴֡
ϵɫ˻¶һ˿Цݣлл
Ҷ￴ԶߵıӰ Խ ̬ȻС˵дһ ˹עĽԲ޿ֵĽӹŰ֤ݴϡ
˱̬ Ҷʵ㲻жá
Ա߼ΪҶòǰҪ΢ŵѧ㣬 ѧĮӣĬĬطˡ
ѧ̫ˣһò
Ҷﲢ֪Լ̬ܻ鵼һˣ Ȼ֪Ҳ⡣
˴аСʱĶӣ ־ԸߵָҶﱨ
һŪúҶܾ־Ըѧȥ飬Ӧûڵ
صԼõĵط Ҷûȶãͼ˹
һ ˷ܵĿڵҶ Ҹ˵ Ҹֱ֮ѣ ǲһ༶һᣡ
֮ѣ
ˣ 岻סáҶĴ
ûϱ̬Ҷ˵ѧУס죬 ˣ ֱӶסУˡ
ֻǾѵȥʵ鷳 µľѵʱ䣬СһӦܱܿˡ
Ӧǰ̽һǸ̬ĸѧԺģܿ
ǰɣ㲻ססİ⿴ʵ
ס档Ҷ˵⿪ڣֽŵȥᡣ
ҶĶ࣬һ䣬ľͶˣ䣬õǸмѡ
Ĵ洦һӣֱߺߣΪ˶ѧУֲҶһʱ֮Щͷۡ
Χ־Ը߶æûտǡ
һҶﻹǾæ⿴žͺ飬Ҷߵ·ֱ̱ˡ
˲ϲҪݸҶԱ߾ʹһ
Ҫæ𣿡
ɻĿȥͼ˵ǸӢ꣬һɫڿЩ¶ʵԸеš촦һī忴Щɧ
Եøһӵ˵ģ
ܲɣľһǸ˵Ӹ
ԥľ͡Ӧˣðлл㡣
Ľݸ¶һĨõЦݣûһ㲻˼
Ҳ⣬ЦЦͽӹ䡣
Ҷ˰æҲֵɣ˾ͳķȥ
ֻһ·ԭȴѵõĳĬԹԵǰ棬æǸ棬Ҷһ
Ҷ￴ǰˣܾﲻԾ˵ⲻԾĵ
ӣ·һµʱֱӷˡ
Ʋȥһ˰ɣллˣĵİˡЦеĵ
̲סü˵ʲôͱҶ
ǿʶҶߵע⵽ˣ˵İ˵ʱԼء
Ӧʶģǲ֪Ϊʲô˻װʶİϷˡ
ҶﻹǺεģô˵ҲͲ˵ˡ
ô𣿡Ҷ岻˵ˣ΢΢һΧ˲ע⣬ֹ̧˹Ķ
屻ϵĴд̼ͨ죬ڳֲֵ̫ܱ̫ԣֻ΢΢ʹͷĬĬ·
ҶԱߣ΢ԭ̫õʱá
Ϸϲˣо
һߣѾ䶼ǸæҲǰߡ
ӣڵ¥¥ģرࡣ
ҶʹһЩļסһᣬҶɴһˡ
Կ׻ʱҶͶǳݵ񣺡Ҷôʲô
Ҷⲻס޵Ļ
ҶûػԿ׵ݸһһѣȻǰ䡣
ǵ¥Ҳͣв㡣
磬һ˵
û£ءҶɽһģ棬û˰￴ţҶɴһȥ
˶Աȣ⿴˿Ҷֿ˿æǸ˧磬ţһҶܿöĿ͡

ҶﶼЩˣ˧æ̧̧ͷˣĸأֲ˧硣
Ҷ˵ͼˡ
С⣬˰һѱˮʪͷ¶˱Ķͷ˶٬ƲһۣȻЦȴһ˿档
ڲʶڵǸΪֵѧ֣Ҳܱ裬Ӧҵģⲻ
Ҷ￴ǰһĻɴ಻ˣһ
ˡ⣬ѹ˧紩´˵Ըһ㶼ԭɫݣ˻ͦġ



48 
ﻹһ˶ûУ ǵһģǸ˧硣
ʱŸǽ˧ݣ ˧ţ СʶǷС ֻС֮ǰѧУ飬 ҲA
˵ ֮ԻװʶΪӦҪѡһרҵ û뵽;ԣ רҵ
ԣΪ˳ͷˣöԷѧ
˵ѧᣬ ǿ ϱ𣿡Ҷ屧Թ
ι С⣬һ⡣Ŷʱˡ
Ŷ ԭ㻹ڰ ˣ ȥĹ̹ѧԺȥ⿴һۣ һ͸ˡ
ҴԶŮ㵱Ϸ ȻôңСûĵġЦЦ Թһ
ǵᣬ Ҳװˣ ߽ᣬͿʼǵģǵըë
Ҷûˣһ󣬾͸ѡ˸Ĵλ
ĸסռ仹ǺܴģѧУӦǰ࣬Żͦɾ
ѡôλҶͿʼ̴첢Ҫıӣһë̺ܺܺõĶȹһ졣
Ҷæ˻ڸɵҶЩ
Ҷ̴ʱʰŴճƷ֪ǲҶĴܾýİ
߹ȥ岢վһ𣬽ڷŵЩҶôˣ𣿡
ҡҡͷӼԡ¶ϴ¶óװڷһ
Ҷﳯ￴˿˻ڰ죬ûעǣסϴƷ֡
ʲôĵľ˵
ûС忴ŽߵҶһǣԥƬּ̣ڵֻǡ᲻㡣
һûиҶֿ˲ҪֿҪֿ£еܲˡ
ҶЩΣҲû취ʱʱ̶̿塣
̣¶ѡҶ˵ЩȻɫָ˽ֵ˲һӣұ֤ǵദһ
𣿡̧ͷ
šҶﰲοָ⡣
һԺҶúϢܾͬһ¥
յſڣͼߵŻվſڣ־Ըѧ죬뿪Щɧ
Ҷﱾ밲뿪û뵽ˡ
ֵܡŴѧ߹ҶЦЦСѣҲҵˣ˵Ҳǹ̹ѧԺģһ߰ɣ
˵תѧǵѽˣȥᣬллѧǸոոָ·´ǳԷ
Цһа٬һ˵ûߣѧ㱻Ե߻صģԺľʹӦһҪԴȥᡣ
ѧôæô鷳أŮӾҪϢ̫ˣԼȥͿˡЦеĵѧǵϵʽ
ҶǿˣѾֻлŻĳ򣬵ҷɡ
̹ѧԺѧԺԶӵ·̾͵ˡ
Ҷ졣
ֵܣȻСⶼǽˣǲҲҪһԼ˵
ҽҶ
ҶﰡҽţԺǾˣߵѶ硢Ÿ硢үүѡһаɡ
Ҷ
ҲûϵһЩƶѣ˵Ҿ㳤ͦ˧ģҲͱҲôһ㡣ŵĵ
Ҷš㿪ľͺá
õӦ˵øˣ㳤ô˧Ů費ҪǸܣʲô͵ŮУ崿ġġġõӦоУϲʲô
пҶﶪ仰Ϳ첽߽¥
ŴƬ̺æϣǿ԰ֱӣˣпûУһġ
źٺٵЦЦĪЩ۾
ҶЩˣϲԼҡ
˵ȥסŸҶҲɿİˣʱ˲֪ԭǾȻһģǲһᡣ
֪Ϊʲô֪һᣬҶĪ˿
¥ҶԿ׾
ߵһֱڽȰȰȸͣҶﶼ֪ĻΪʲôôࡣ
ؼʲôûſڴߵøУе˸һߣƵ÷Ӹһ١
Ҷﵹûиһٵĳ嶯ͦøӻǽʲôĽϡ
¥ܿ͵ˣҶˡ
Ѿ˼ˣҶòһġ
ִкҶͿʼæ
һʰ׵ൽ˸óԷʱ䣬Ҷ巢˸Ϣͳš
˭֪ſڣš
ĸ˳ԵѧУת˼ȦŸԻᡣ
ڼ䣬Ҷһ˵˵ÿζŸˡһߣźһֱԱߣҶơ
ֻڻ·ʱһɨˡ
ҶۣŸһһˣﲻ˾
֮ǰѧУôһοԣڶλѣû뵽һΡ
ɲʲô顣
ôˣʶҶ￴˵ʱ̫Ųɺʵ
ûУֻʶһ¡Ҷ˵
ʶЩ֣Ƭ̺ӦŶһ
˵Ұ
ԴݣҶЩ档
ҵϱˣ֪Ϊʲôǻүү𣿾ΪҺҸ˵ǰǿǡ
ϣ鷳ˡҶûȥֱӱ˸תߡ



49 ѵ
ڶ죬Ҷ𴲣ȥȵĲٳһŻصϴ軻·

ڶ죬 Ҷ𴲣ȥȵĲٳһŻصϴ軻·
һŪúٴγţ ѧУʳõЩͣ ʱѾߵˣѧУ½½ĶЩˡ
Ҷ͸巢Ϣ Ϣͳȥ
Ϊ廹˯ûϢ ɵҶﵽʱ ͼվſڵ
ҶЩȵȥôô磿
˯š˵
ǻ˸ط ˯£ ȴǷȥ˯ţߵ;ˣȻͼҶϢ Ҳˡ
ðɣ ߣǌȥ͡Ҷǰ˻Ρ
ڻ磬 ҶỹᣬǶûѣ ֱӽȥ͵Ļᳳˣ ˽͵ĵطʳ
ʳ˲Ǻܶ࣬ Ҷѡ˸Ƚεĵط£ ͸ϡ
СԼˮ󼦵 ʱ䳤ˣˮ󼦵Щˣ Ҳµģ ҲС໹ȵġ
˳Ժͣ ѧУ˹䣬ȥûüȥĵطͼݡϰҡҽҵȵȵط
Щطŵλüס˾еĹУ԰
AĻܲľߴʻϵĿرл㻷ƣ˵泩
Ƕദ𣿡ҶԱߵ壬ߵʱ˻ûҲûˡ
Сش
סϰ𣿡Ҷʵʵͦģرעظ˽н񱡣
ȻAסѾܲˣɵǸİͬסһ£֪ܲϰߡ
嵹Ǻܳʵҡҡͷȷܲϰߡ
Ҷ̾˿ͷ̣ʮܿͻȥˡ
ţáЦЦ
·УҶͻȻʲôͽ˳С
ڳԱĴ£ҶҵԼҪҵĶ
ҪʵֻҪϴҲӵԼһ˽ռ䡣
ҶǸ磬ѧУᣬһ״ġ
Ҷһ״һһףɫģˮɫġ
忴ҶϵĶЩ棬Ϊǹڴϵģû뵽ܹҴϡ
˳͹䵽ѾӽʮˣǿԻˡ
ҶȥѴϣŻصԼԼĴ
극ǾյѧУþѵڱʱѧУѾռǵأԷľѵͦġ
ҶӸ޳ͦΣžѵԵر񣬴Ӳͦ˧
ΪѧԺͬھѵʱҶ岢һӪ
һҶࡣ
һԲʷվڲٳϣѵصĽ̹̬ϵķ
ҶﾭѵûʲôµҲԼʣѵ˵Сһ
壬뵽С첲СϸƤģҶﲻΪǡ
ιȻװң
;ϢһӪŵɵ߹Ҷļһߡ
ҶûмװûϾҴöһñӣʵںѷֱˡ
Ҳֻ˵˵ѣҶԱ£ֳ˰ѲݣڿУֳӡ
Ҷ΢ĿִݲݵˣһʱЩԡ
ŵֵȶûȵҶǸ˵ݴôˣ
ҲÿҫֱݳøҪԱߵĲݸ޶ͺˣûҶİע⡣
ˣԼ˵Ҳǿҫġ
ڷŹԱߵĲݣɤӸҪڣͼҶվ
ǵϢʱѾˣ̹Ǽϡ
ŴһŲ鲻ԸЩԹĿҶ
ҶﱻĪˡ
ϢٴѵЩɢ̹ٴǼѵվʮӵľˡ
һʱ֮䣬Ӫ˿಻ԣ׷ŸʱЩȥ
ת۾͵˳Էʱ䣬̹ͣѵһߺſһߴԼӪȥŶӳԷ
˷󼯺һ¾ͽɢˡ
һɢҶﱾȥ壬ȴŸסˡ
һѹҶϣһʹ಻ֽŶ˵ӣѵ治˸ɵģˣ
ʲСҶüţȴûƿ
˭˵ҲУվֱ壬Щţ˾Ͳ˵У
һֿ˼˻˻Ĵ˴Լ
ҶӵĿһۣתߣãһ顣
ΧͬžѵŮ˹ŴǵߣֱͦװЩñӷãų˧ЦЦŮĴǰ׷Ҷ
ʲôϵˣҴˡ˵
ҶŲ˶ʵʲô
ҲûӣǴýѧԺģĿǰڶѧ˵ͦģȻҲûвȺҲϲ˵òĿǰٺ١
ҶԶźĻ˵ˣýѧԺȥýѧԺȲȵˡ
ԼƤӵ£Ҷһ㶼ġ
ҪʵѧǲҿƬܾЩģϲһŲ֪Ҷʲôֽ߶߶
˵ʲôҶɫе㲻ÿ
ҰæΪ˼𣿡Щµĵ
ǣҶʱ¶һһѾı顣
ôҲϲһŰԼ˽ı̬Եĵ߶ûУСﶼµȥ֣֤ݴϴֵҫ˽˭ϲ
ԭϲΪʲôҪЩΡ
δȻҶ˵Ҳöֱӿ첽뿪ˣҪȥ塣
һߣһŷɫ屧Թ̫̫ˣͷҪɹðˡ
ĺһɹӣֱͦ
ȻҲۣݻǱƽ
壬㲻𣿡һ㵭̲סʵ
ѵ˸˵ĲôΪԼȻܱǿǿҪָȻԴǸûôˣɵһĻǵã廹Ǹˡ
ݣϣӦϣЩɵš
忴һۣĿⴥ̲סüûлشĻ´λɹ˪ðɡ
ɹ˪ôˣʶԼ
ɹƼģ˵رãͿе⣬ɹָܸܵġ
ſڸҪ˵ĿȴƳһϤӰ
ʱɫһϲҲ˲Ҫ˵ʲôˣֱЦݲõ˹ȥ
磬ôˣ
ǷѧԺ¥Ҷǹ̹ѧԺᲢ⣬İɣôһˣЦ۾һѵƣ˲һɨա
㡣ҶЦ
ȻһʱĲѣҶ˵˱߱ģȻԱߵ˶ˡ
ſԶȥıӰ°ͣһ˼
ͷһкӽһкӸ磬Щ򵥣šһ
ô⣿
Ÿա꣬ͼһžѵСèһֵĿԼ
Сèе㻨ף׵Щ߲ķɫϸһɫĶһһģüëںڰװ׵ģҲûŵǲѿǺϲС
һֱˣС⣬ͿʲôҪȥݽĿ𣿡
ʱŭĿӣһײŸϣЦȻֹŶӿ
Ⱨ֣񿴺һż룬Ц뿪
ݽĿ˭֪أ



50 Ԥ
ѵֳʵģ ѵϴҾһ𳪸ֻǺġ
Ż˱ݽĿ͵͵ܹҶԱߵ˻λã ɹҶԱߡ
Ҷɨһû˵ʲô ݡ
ǸвסģŰûӣ ͱﲻסˣ ̧ײײҶ һԵĵ㰡 Ǹǲǡ
Ļû˵ ˶֪ǱʡԵĻʲô
šҶҲų֪
ۣҾ˵˿ߣ ȴɮܲ Ȼٺ١ŻЦ
ʲô˼Ҷ㲻˼ ЩֵųܶΪʲôһ˵ أ
 ˼ǣ һgay ΧôС磬 Ȼһ֪ѵ ⲻǿɮʲôŵ
ѵŮֿģ Ӫȫ Ҷ
ѵʱѵֵĺܺã̹ٵһٱΧȫӶ
ҶɫʱЩ죬ȴŵҹ۲찡Ҳgayûͦÿġǻ㣬Ȼ㶼Ѿˣ׵Ļǵþܾ
ŵĻҶɫˣվ̲סʵ֪ȡǣ
ȻǴ󲨲㰡⻰ʵģҸ㣬ǧgayۿ˻ŸæԵĿҶһۡ
ҶʱԷô˵ˣҲû׷ʡ
ھѵѾ룬ӣҲҪˣ˵ҲɣվȻھѵһ졣
һİѧУû֪ͨѧѧ˵һҲŪѵݣ˾ͽˡ
ʱ㣬ǻһϵʱԸգҶʱ
ҪǸ⣬ҶֻСʦʦǹա
ΪԵʣһ㶼⣬ȻһӲ˾Ϳˡ
̫ˣ¡һ㡣
֪֮ǰģС˵ûд֮ǰīǴԽʼдģĹȥһʴ
֪ĻزȥˣͰԼȫȫˣ˻з⣬ΪֹѾͬˡ
Ҷﲻȷ᲻ԭ磬ԣͦһμҵģصǸļҡ
뷨Ҳͦ쿪ģͲ֪ļģǲôһǼʵ硣
УҲûǸͻȥϾԼҲҪȡؼҵĻᡣ
Ҷ뵽̾˿
ϵͳ˵ǸƼȷͨѾһڵߣһϷɣͦõġ
Ƽ硭ĿƼһ׼һҲ˵
ôһĥҶʱ뵽Ҫôˡ
ƼеĵطҶʻЩ£գգ۾Ŭ롣
ûСЩɵĵ
û𣿡ҶüǾѰˡ
ȵȡžֿҶһҡ
Ҷʵ
һѡ˵óֻ
Ҷæȥ̫ˮȽˮѾѳˡ
ŵң㿴ô
Ҷ︩ȥֻһҳƼеľƵ꣬δֻĿƼиĿƼв̫һ
ֻӵ𣿡
ӻƼָֻ𾪵ʵ
Ȱţˣ漸ƬҡҶ
ûȥʲôǼ磬⼸һЩǼʵС˵͵ӰƼˮƽȷʵܸߡ
ܹϣĶಢ˽νĿƼ磬˽ˣӦǴǸˡ
ѵʱ졣
Ҷȥ壬ԼһЩԵõĵݸ壬ճ˵ЩҶװóֻ㿪ͼƬ
Ƶͦÿģ´ǌȥ棬ס޵ĻǿѡңأҶʵ
̽ͷȥ˿ɫ糣ĵð
ҶüôӦһ㶼
ָ΢ҶֵһͼƬԼ˿ȻЩδʽûдﵽȫƼζԭˮƽĲ㡣
ҶҪֻȴͻȻסˡ
ĿֱֱֻͣĻϣŴ֪ʲô
ҶɻĵͷۿֻϵƬƬһ󰡡
һƬǾƵڵƬʵĴ齣ɫʸеǽ棬ɰСˣĿƼʽ
ȻţһͼƬͨˣһžƵϵƬͨƵһһȣǽϹŸֻʵûʲôرġ
ӲҪ˵ʲôرĻֻɫʸеǽ濴űȽرˣǽһƬǽһġ
ûϵһƬǽ淴˵ڶƬһƬһģһǽɣ
ҶأɻȴƬ˺ܾúܾá
ȥԺҶｫƬóٴιۿúϸûʲô쳣
ҪĿȻһ٣ƬϵĹŵһϡ
ͦͨģһҹͼµҹ͸⣬ɰ׵׺ڿУмһĺɢƯµĹʣǻţγһƬƬλõơ
Ҷﶢ⸱ԺȻֳǰһǼС˵һλ
վڿƼĶ壬ּ̧ɴʣ貶Ŀ̧ͷ͵磬ƿԼ
ԣǲһ̧ͷҲܿ˶δǿ
ΪǶžþûز
ҶĿϣĸɫָӡǸղסĵط
ûҪҡҲǣǱϾļҡ
ѵʱ졣
Ҷ岻ΪɣԱ˼١æһ죬ŴҴҸѧУ³⣬˭Ҳ֪
ѵʱ졣
Ҷﱻ̹ٿУѡͷʱѵݵʱôǰ档
ʱһ졣
ӿʼѵԭɢɢĶ龭ʮĥѾ߷һһ뻮һ
˾ʮ죬Ŀں£AѵõľһӭļģǾѵһ졣
ڡʽʱҶɫִżڶǰУȫ̡
ڿ£ӢˬСʱǵľѵݣµľѵ˾ͽˡ
ѵĻʱ򣬺ܶ˶˿žЩеһ
ñ£⿪ѵӣƦһ
ĥ˵ľѵڽˣҪҪȥɷɣҡñӣҶ
ȥաҶĿбӵĸŴȥ
ֲ֮ǰûгƼеĵطҪհžȵĵñӴϣգ㿴ûʸμأ
źٺٵЦţһȥմֵģ
ǿԣҪ׼Ҷ￴һ۵
˵˵һ׼һݺ񡣡Цеز֤
صᣬҶȥϴ˸裬Ŵ绰⡣
ⶩúҶŴкȳУšһţҶĿȷֱһҷװ꣬õԤõķװҶ˸绰˽װ͵A壬ȻҲûȥּҴҵĳһطȥ
һߣõװߵ·ʱǳԾڵ֪Ҷģŷ
򿪰װһװɫװӺܺãź
Ĵߴ£廻ܺɼҶİѿغ׼ȷ
ۣ壬̫ÿˣ崩Űɫװʱⲻɾ
ΪӵԵʣֻǵͷ֮ǿﲻһĨޡ
Դˣ岢ûж󴥶ʱֻһˣڴһˣǳǳ롣
첻գһӣָЩڽգǼȽֳڴ



51 
ΪϤԵʣ岢ûи˵
ΪϤԵʣ 岢ûи˵ա
˼ô¡أΪҪȥμʲôᣬҲûᡣ
Уţ Զͼ˫ſһϣ һװװĳǻɫĺҡҡŵźɫܳ ·ѧƵƵ
Դˣ Ųûʲôʣ ˵Ŀϴŵװī£ ¶һӢӣ պһŮ·˵ĴڣǵŮ첻ѡ
˵ҧгݵĵ
忴һۣ û˵
߹ȥʱ ǸŮҲ˹ȥ
˧磬Ӹ΢𣿡ŮЦӯӯĵ
ðЦЦҪͳֻ ʹһɾʹ
ԲۣС⣬ ַ֣
 ۵Ť ȫûһʼ˵
գ øҰһ㡣һſ֣ ȻȻĴ򿪳Ŵ˺ϡ
Ÿ·Լϵ⣬Ť±Ӣ ĿɿڴĿԼŮ · ݹЦݣֳΪһʼǸֿģ
˼ˣŮһһ´μٺúİŹĵգգָۣ̫ѨһϵĶ촽΢ŵķաһȥˡ
ŮͷĿѣ㶵ĵ˵ͷ
ЦЦߵһߴ򿪳ȥ˸ַͲţɫܳʱɫĻһ˵ǰɳ۶ȥ
Ůβһȸͣ
ʵӵ΢𣿡
Ů㶣ûС
һʱԣϵʽûӣ´μ氡ƭӣ
ƭӵ䲻Ĵ˸磬ӣֹ϶
ͣרͣĵͣ˳պÿҶ﷢Ϣȴ¥
ŻϢͽֻ
ʲôط˳Ķ
ͣɵӣÿһ⣬ֵõ״͵Ķ
ºŹѾ䣬ںڵĴ˳ͣĵһ·ϡ
һֱ¥ͣ£˸߳ݣվһλװĹԱ΢Цŵˡ
ǺãҶѰɣ
ǵģŮǣ٬ͱһš
С⣡ۼֿķסǽſܹˤˡ
ûĿڴһְҵŮԹԱʱЦգǲǵģ
Աɫ䣺ǵģλ˵ǰ·
бۿ˿ţһ͸岢һ
ֻܳں档
˴խȣһܴĴԱ޲һְҵװһӢģ
üƬ̣ǽͣ˼롣
붯˾ΪʲôҪգЩã
Ҷôѡ˼Ч˾հҲע⵽ǽϵĹ˾Ȼ֪ҹ˾ģһ͵˼ҵҪҵ񷶳룬Ҷʾ⡣
ҡҡͷʾԼҲ֪
ʱѾһν˵ݣڰ¥ͣ
Աǣߵһʾĵط
ǿȽȥšԱŴ򿪣弸˽ȥ
ۣطžĵǰ˴ǽԵķˡ
ȻҲǶطܸȤģһľ̾
ֻ㶵վſڣٳṳ̂ȥ



52 ҵķɯ
һ䲻Сӣ ӵǽɫģڵƹҫɢŽӲɫ
ڷмڷװɫɳ͸輸ڲ輸Ϸżģͣ иԲ׶ͽпŵųһŵԲ׽
ӵĽһˣ Աи̨ӣ̨ϷһܼСĽս
ܵ˵ һ䳬δĳ˿Ƽۼӣ ŵģ ýĵذ塣
ݶݶںһƬ ɫγּ˵ķɫ Щ롣
㶵վţɳ壬
塸šһ һӵ߽ݡ
ߵ輸ǰ ִ̧˴ǸԲ׶ͽʽģͣɿһĨ
˷׷ױƼе һҶҶҴҸ
ʵһвúԺ󣬱Ծڳǵ û뵽 Ҷ˵绰 ˵ ȥá
ҶӦԺ չҵ绰ûãǸ˾͸˵·ˣ  û취 Ҷֻܹȥá
Һö³ĵط볬Զ˴ʮӾ͵ˡ
ʱ䣬Ѿӽ˵ˣҶﲻɼӿ˽Ų
ھ볬·̵ʱҶ·һһ꣬ӿĽŲԥƬ̣Ҷ˽ȥ
ʮӺҶﱧűװƯƯʻ˻ꡣŻʻҶĿһ˲뵽ԼĲã䴽ЦЦΪʵ˵ģϣܹϲ
첽ӺҶ￴˿ʱ䣬̲סĿĵرܶȥ
ʱҪˣҪ̸ϵȥ塣
¥ʾ⿴ˣҶôû
ҡҡͷ˿ʱ䣬ﲻɸЩǡ
ʱſڴŵ
һһܹȥţϵЦݸոſĻҪ˵ȴڼſڵʱҭסˡ
˲ҶǸԱʱһĵ⡣
տ֡ԱЦЦݹȥ
Щʧǽӹл
Ҳ˹ӶŵתתͻȻӺͲӲڡ
Ҫ뿪ĹԱ㶣Ӧˣȥ
ߺţϣóֻҶ绰ȴֻһԷʱ޷ͨŮ
ɻĽֻ£Щʾ߶ţϤİڼȤˡ
ӣˡ
ѵǸ𣿺ÿ찡һܹȥҪš
һô˵ԭֱѹȥЩȱȱİϵĽʰڼ
Ҷ
ţˣʱ˵ľ
žһڲʲ輸ϣϲתſڡ
ſվһ࿡޳ͦε꣬ü۴žǧ֮С
ڿվʾʱͱȡˡ
Ҷﹴ˹ֱֱ壬һɫװԵϸȳϱ;Ưü۸ҫ۵Ʋۣ¶͸Ž
ѡ·Ȼ弰䣬Ҷĵ˵ͷֱ۲Сʹ˸ﱧŵĻͷ
ʱע⵽ҶﻳȻһ̫һҵտ
ҶЩ˼ıտ߹ȥһԵ˵ʲôͱ߹ס͡
տ֡Ҷｫտݳȥ䵭ü۴ʱȴһ̬ĴЩ
Ҷһ߹ԭе޴ģһǵͨ죬нмҲкߡ
ɵһ򵭶ĵҶѵõкһ¶ֻŻֻŵʱǵ˲ɢˣֻʣĵȸԾ
ݸԭһ˵ĶϷεǸˣͬҲԷһţẦߡ
ϵЦݶʱԽˣûнҶݹĻ˹ȥԼ˶ҶĻ˫ֱסҶֱۻս
磬Һϲ㰡ررϲϲĲˡΪҶﻳԵƵģ˵ĻȴĴҶĶ
ҶŻ㶣Цһס磬΢΢ͷǵñǼ˲ľѣ֪
Ҷﻰֵ͵͵ЦЦȻսĶԣ˼󣬲ĵҵķɯ
ȵϢڶϣӣͨһƬûĵЦлֱĻŪõɴ۾
עɯĻнͣߵһ˽衣

53 ؼҵ
ɯǼİŮʥãһôʻĻ൱ڡ
ɯ ǼİŮʥãһôʻĻ ൱ʹ
ҵķɯ仰˵߶Լϲ߶ȵԼĽ ԡɯֿİԼԶҳ׷桸ľġ
Ҷеķɯָ壬 仰ϵͳģ ΪüȻҪף ǾҪöģͬģ ĻΪֱӵĻ˵
Ȼѯϵͳ 磬ôԼϲ˱׵ġ
ϵͳͰ仰Ҷﲢ֪仰ȫ˼ ֻ֪ ɯִʹ˵ʹ 黰ûë
ļ绰ףҶûбõˡ
ûã Ȼƿ һ˫ԲƯ 㶵ʵ𣿡
Ҷûô࣬ ˵ͷ
ͷһ̣ ۾ȻǿҵĹʣľͺñϵһ
סҶֽţڣ
Ҷ￴ķӦ ĪľЩ죬 ɽִŵ֡˵̫ɰ ȫסˣҲȥ˼Ĩˡ
ֽסҶ֣صĵᷴڡ
ȫͲ֪ԼӦŵʲôȴǼ˵ģЦ۾ģҶײȥֻèһ˲䡣
ĿɿڴĿСճһճҶ壬ֻ𾪼ˡ
֪˫꣬ǰҶǰȫףû뵽Ȼгһ档
һȫҶ˵Ĺϵ
ͻȻƣعͼſԼܶ𣿡ʡ
ôܣⷴӦĵЩĿ˿ţ˰ʲôϹŶôͳͨ
ΪһѧĽǿĺòã
Ǿ̫ˣʵ
š˵ͷȷʵ𾪣Ȼ֪ҶĹϵãûǵĹϵ
湻ٶ۵ġ̲סЦʶҲˣķΧôԣ˾ȻûǸֱС
Ϳ𣿡ĿⲻƵʵ
ȻźĿĵ˵ĳƺܲһû𣿡
ƺʲôĵط𣿡ãĵ
硪ûнͣôһɤӣԵúܽ
⿴ȥŻ˸ۣԲۣүĶңⶶ˶壬ϼƤһء
㿴ɣҽúܲҶҶӦúⰡ̬Цĵ
е̫ˣеľͺܺĿһۣͲˡ
ޣ𣿡°ͣһ˼
ȴˣܵĳܴ
ԭҲһ𰡡š
ŲԶӵһˣʲôʣŵĽ
ȵȣĽ
ЩͷΪʲôȥĽҶ
û߾ʹ硣
еĶϣȵġ
ֱ֮ݵһֻһԶס䣬ţĶѾȫˣоȶƣʱͷ±˿Լͨ
ЦЦҪ߹ȥܲʱűˡ
õ˵ɱȥŴ򿪣ʱЩлʱŵˣ̫ˣ̫ˣҪ
ĹԱϰԵһĨ΢ЦͼŵһּΪеĿ⿴Щסı顣
ã֮ǰµװӺͲӡȻЩסλԱǾְ˵ԼĿġ
лл㣬ãӹЦϻźΣ۾ŸտʱУλĹԱʧ侲Ҫú졣
Ҫ˳ܼӸ΢ɶľ͸-ֻԼ䣬ٿǰܵģĬĬѹ˵ġ
Ӱӵֵˣ˧磬˺ü㡣
ţʲôңҾ棬ټԱϵ΢Цࡣ
õģټЦеĳҡҡ֡
ôһ˲ͽ֮ǰˡֻŻٯٯЩͷۣҪ־ò̫˼
žûôˣ˾̲ס˰ջˣܲܿһǵĸܰ
㻹Ҷ߹Щŵĵ
Ҳ𣿡
Ҷʵ΢ЩŮԣΧAתһȦˡ
ˣʵ˻ǺܴģûͳȥŹɬĵ
У
Ҷû˵һһĵĿš
С⣬Ȼңһ˵ı顣
̫ˣ̲ס²ۣȻͱһͷǵըëҲȥŵͷֻűߣ
һʱ֮䣬׷׷ȥСһ֡
ҶĿһĻ֪ĻΪСѧûҵأ̫ˣ
磬Ҫ𣿡ŵ̧ͷʵ
ҶҲûעˣһ򿪵⡣
ƯҲ㣬һ򿪣͹˲øŴˣֱӴ۰Ͱ͵Ķŵ⿴
Ҷ򣬲ڵϣͳȼ
֣ĵƹʱȥֻµϵɢ΢ĺ⡣
ȿȣҶʾź˽Ҫʲô
Ҳ붮֣ȻҶһո衣
ƫͷĿһֱҶϣȻΧЩڣⲢӰߡ
ҶﳪųҲ壬ȥʮָ۵վһ𣬻谵Ļɫǰδеᡣ
ոԸۣûˣڶʱһƬڰ
ʮ룬ƻûűﲻסô£
Ҷ֣ԴԴϵůԺڰĻûôˡ
Ӵ˭ȵˣֵͻȻȻֹֽ˽ڰ׼˵Ŀ־ġ
Ҷ֣ͷСĵ¡
׼˾ϲģҪǱŵˣϲǰ׷ˡ
Ҷ̧һֻŵ֣žش˸ָ
䣬ͷͷ˹
̧ͷȻסˡ
ԭ컨壬ȻˣһƬɫҹոסˡ
ŨɫҹŹĺΧΧʮǣǹΧ߷ҫ۵ĹâϺɫУǽײĶǵ
ǡ̧֣ƺҪߵǹҫ۾Щã
ſҶ֣ʶǰΪҪø
Ҷûиȥվ
ƵĳƼеķ䣬ͬƵҹգΪ׼ػؼҵûа취ͻ磬Ҳֻķʽ֯һõ忪ˡ



54 ̽
ⳡһֱʮһŽѧУǻزȥˣѧ
ⳡһֱʮһŽ ѧУǻزȥˣѧУҲȥԴҶѧУˡ
ڳⶼзס Լµͣ󶼶סĵⷸѡ
ѧУҸطסͺˡֹ۵ĵ
ҪҺȥ ﻹסһ˵ġ
ϾΪ˸ղųģѣ Ҷﲻ̫һס棬 ˵ΰܺã ˭ܱ֤أ
òáæܾ Ҫǲ֪ҶĹϵܺƤȥ ˣɲٵˡ
忪˿ƺҲ˵ʲô ȴһС͸Ұɡ
ҪŻ;ܾˣ ɻһͺˣΪķӦʵ̫̫ˡ
Ҫȣ Ӿͱ˹סˡ
ôˣȥˣ
һֹĲһЦݲõĸҶ˴к ͲԸǿ˳￪ųﳤȥ
ֵֹġü ƽܳƵǻ࣬ رǸһضᳳ֣ 
ɽӳԵ⿪ʼһֱģ ղŸˣóĶš
ô࣬ ǵԼȥڣ ǲ岻ֵġҶЦǣסЩζĵ
Ҳ˳ Ҷﲻ֪ʲôطݹһУŵҸҪҸ˵һտ֡
ЩĽӹװµллҶ硣
ٺúøлɡҶЦЦ뵽ʲôŲҲҪģֻ̫æˣûó
ţãûϵġ˵ͷʾ⣬תͷзŵŸźڷһ
еڳϣҶտ
Ưĵտһڻһ̶᲻÷¡
Ҷ˲ЦЦ᲻ܼªأ
ᣡʶķ̧ۻɫĻɫ᣺͵ģʲôҶϲرϲ
Ѿͣ·ϣʵģüۣüϵȴôҲģ
ϲͺã𣿡Ҷһ߿ųһʵʱʱĿ壬ǱȾһ㣬ǳҲһĨɫ
ţġЦЦ֪ʲô˰ָտԵĻĦƬ̣װʵôѡǸطҹأ
ˣǲˡ
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ҿһС˵С˵ڵ粻һ仰ҾǴǱС˵ѧġҶ۾Ϲ
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55 ̬
տֻҶҪڸʱ 
һֻȻ¿ģҶһ
ֻѾܾˣ ɵʱ绰˵ģ ҲʱʱĻʧ顣
ڵʱ򻨼ٿĶֻˣ ҶͿȥˣ ֻһֱҲ
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ӱͼ Ҫֻ֪϶̲סˡ
ڼ廻ֻ ֪ΪʲôȻ廹Ҫˡ
Ȼˣ ڼҶһģһֻʱɢˡ
ôС⣬ ղŻ˸߲ҵģ ôһԳ˵ӡŶŷǰЦ
ЩһѾĿһۣ ƽǺ ôԱڰأֻ¿ 
Դ֪ҶĹϵ ֻҪһǴһͻ ΪһԼܵ˺
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ֻھԶһĸݵվڶ˫ĿֱĶĲϣһΪƯĲ



56 һģ
һǿҵĺ֪ϯģ üɢȥȡ֮ŨصĿҪеĺ塣
忴Ŷ棬˻ǼһĿô Ϥİ۾һķԡ
д棬 弸̲סҪǰ˺飬߽۾ڳ ôĵĿ⿴Լ
ĪĴ˸ Ȼͷ״̬ԣ ǰϢ壬һҪ˾塣
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ԶԶԣҿճˣ϶ֲ30룬û뵽һӣⷴӦĸ͵
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57 ּ̬
Сè
̹ѧԺ Aѧ¥Ϊո¿˺ܶ࣬ѧ ʱɫЩ谵ˡ
ҶһĽĬĬűʼǣ ոʦİ˼ҶֶҵôȤ˶ˡ
ʱ̳ս仰ĺܷϵµҵ״ ˲ϢһССľ߶ᵼһ˾ֱ ֻܱɵֱƲ
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Ҷ ʼǱȼСϱҪҪ𣿡ҶԱߣ ʰöҶﻹô̲סļЦ
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˺ܾõΪľһƳûϵԽˣ޲ͳӣǰƯСɰȾѪɫҺ壬Ǿһÿĺܣݵ϶Ҳܺ
ϳţ㳦Ҳ˶ع񣬿СĳʳСèϵЦ𽥵ļ˼֡
ԣ£ҪԹԵġϵᣬ̧һֻ֣ĳСèȥ
ͻȻ
һŭĺСèҲ
ոջһЦ˴ʱСèĲӣСèֱϣһĹκرĿɫĺ죡
㣬㣬Ȼң
һһǰһȫ෴̬Լǲ̵ײסˣۿСèҪвˣʱվȵס֣˰˵⻹ͳһֻˡ
û뵽ڻͻȻܳҲԼĶб¹ȥ⻰䣬Ͼͷ֡
СèӰеڵأ
ֻ˹ȥʵĽſȥһϢСè
վһԣͻȻƻƻ۵
۲һΧһµ뷨ɡ



58 ȥҽԺɣ
Һû
⣡
ʱ һ䵭
塣⿴߳æСèܹȥ
̫ˣô˰
ϲۻȵĿ߳ʱ ɫ˱䡣
ţ ߰ɡ嵭ĵʼûпϣ ·˵ ȫֵһۣ ̬Ͽ˵ȫôһˡ
ţ߰߰ɡߴٵ ֻ˺СָǸı̬һԺͻȻܶǰĹ˵ĵӰԼС˵ ԽԽ£Сèߵķɿ졣
һ˾߳С· ˣ ˿
壬̫ˣ ҾǸ̬˻Сﶯֵİ
ţ ҲáӦ
ǰɣ ˾㲻Ǳ̬̬ҲԶˣ ˵ǵ ᲻ǰСèЩֵĵ
£ ѧУҶ֡
Ҳǡô˵ʱɽֺ尡 ֪СΣ𣿡
棬 ʵֵ̫ˣ ֪˻ʲô
һֱѹȻΪǸˣĵιèأ
ǡҡҡͷ֮ǰ˵ѧУиǳôҲע۸˺Сè
쿴˾ͻˣ⾪
š˵ͷ
̫ˣݵĵ
ء⻳СèǸһСĽе˲ע⡣
ûʲô¡⿴ŻСèЩϧΪһֻèѾܿˣ˱̬
ǴȥҽԺһ°ɡ忴⻳Сèʶ
Ҳãһа˾ͻˡͬĵ˵ͷ
һ˵һߣ˴֮ŷӦҶŵģ
һߣҶЩżǰ棬Щ㱵š
ҿȥôgayΪʲôұף˵ŵͬϢ
ԭڸղţǸ۾ҶԺ󣬸һǸ˾͸űˣ
ϲ㡹仰һʹñ밲οСŶӵҶܾǸܾ±ˡ
Ȼò׸˽ʵϲŮʱõľһƭӵİۣСﻹ˵ϲֱӾܾͺˣûҪƭˣ
Լԩ
Լȡô𣿡ҶƳһۣЩĵ
򣿣һ󣬡Ҳϲˣ
仰ǰҲ˵Ҷﵭĵ
У˵ͨ£
ǲڣҶûٹŴʱ飬ſտҲĵطҶ΢š
óֻͼȥϢû˻أ绰ȥҲû˽ӡ
СҲҵ绰ֻ
Ӧǻûɣ
ǣҷϢѾˡҶ˵ѧԺĽѧ¥ȥ
㼱ʲôѧУǻʧٲɣAûб̬˵Ǿʲôµˡ׷ȥҶɫҴɫЩ⡣
̬ҶɫѿˣŲּӿ˼֡
ҶżҶԽԽͷˡ
һ˺üطȫһűȰȼ䣬ɵҶϵϸʱ˲䲻֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
ǿӲ΢Ϣһ£óֻͼڼǰ˼绰зһЩϢֻֻǾģûеһʱ䷢֡
ҶҵˣѧԺЩЦõĵ
Ҷ￴ţתŹ̹ѧԺȥ
ߣⱧСèһϲŻϢˣš
˵ͷһֻ˿
ȥɡָָԶĳε
áӦ
ڳ£еţո߳ʱһֻʮҶĵ绰Ϣ
ٴȥʱҶûӵ绰ϢҲûء
ŶϢΪʲôûϢأüĬĬ˼ҪҶﲻ
ûã޳Ӱͳ˹̹ѧԺڣʱѾҪߵˣɫԽ谵λƵ·ƴڵ·ϣ󻺻Ӱӡ
ҶﻷһΧĿⶨһƫƧĳϡ
ʱϣ忴ⶺŪè䣬Сèߣ÷Ĺ
壬̫ɰˣҺһȻ˵ı顣
ЦЦҪ˵ʲôȻһе̧ͷͼҶվڲԶ
硭һվȷ˾Ҷ˵˹ȥ
ֻܵһĽŲЩ㷲ý˿ҶޱվﶼȥԼĸϰµġ
òߵҶǰִٵָ磬ҵֻǾġ
Ļû˵꣬ͱҶﱧסˡ
֪ǲĴҶϺ̣Щʪ⣬ôŸоܲûаҶƿֻ̧סҶ
Һû¡ҶսֱۣʵĸоĻҺֻ龪һ
գգ۾ЩҶﻰ˼ⲢӰοҶ
ţû¡
Ҷſֺֹ̧ԹԵҶ飬ȫº
û¾ͺãҾ˵ҶСֵİɣ㱻̬أźεĳЦ嶯һ١
ģôˣҶ֣Լ߳˳Һôʱࡣ
ڵĵطֱȽΣҲû˹עǵĶΪ
ǳʱûǣС·ˡʵʵĵ
С·Щ档
ţУڡ
壬㿴СèôͻȻˣ죬ͻȻܹ˵Ľ̸
龪֣ﱾúõСèʱģ۾Ҳǰţȥһٵģ
ȥҽԺɣҶûʾ͵
æҵĳУȥһҶĻعͷȴֻü׽һڰɫĳ½ǡ
ôˣҶԱߣʵ
ûʲôӦҿˣ߰ɡҶĺǣȥ
忴ǣԼ֣ЩȻͨУĵ·˺ܶ࣬ǣһЩ˵עĿҶǺһĿбӵǰš



59 ֳ
ֺ
ٶȸϵAĳҽԺ ֱСèҽ˿
ˣûµġż˼ƵƵҵģЩ̵İο
վһԣ Ҷ΢΢ս Ҷչȥ֡
ֽŵ£ ҽڳˡ
ϽҲˣ Сèܾ̫˵µʱݿˣ ûΣգҪúչ ΪСè廹вˡ
һè˭չ˰ʵʵ˵
Сèģ ȥСèëҲһûУһǱһʱˡ
ûҪСè ڼ ȹȥѧУ϶Ҳ˶á
ҪϿΣȥҲ ˭ûʱչ
ûģèôˣ èͲè𣿡Ĺĵĵ
ûģŶʱʵʵ˵ѣ ҿС⣬ Լչ˲ã 㻹չ˺ֻСè䣿
ܣⲻĺ
ãܣ ҲһѪĳɹ졣
ˣ Ŀǰ˵ֻСèҪĵ ǾҽԺס죬Щ취Ҹ˼ҰɡҶ
˶ûзԣϾڵֻСèһǵĿʱ䲻࣬Ƕûľ飬Ҫˣ˵Сèʱ䶼ûԼһó
Сèú󣬼Ҹطһ˶ٷͷֿˡ
ҽԺAԶԷĵطҲAԶȻҶסĵطҲԶɢŲؼҵġ
ĲͣҶԻһһ·ˣΨһһֱһˡ
֣ǲŸոȷϵûãҶദܾϸˮĸо
ҲǣҲ֪ǲһûˣǰûһʱ򻹻䣬ֶˣѵǳ˱óˣˣ
ҶĬĬĽǸķɣӦǻû壬Ͼ忴Ŀ˿ɲһ
ǳദʱˣϾ˿γ̶ͦģֻԷصҶ˵ˣϴһҲ˯ˣȷʵûʲôʱܺúദ
ǿҸʱ档
壬ĩ벻ȥֳ棿뵽Ҷƫͷ塣
԰ЦЦ
˵ʲôʲôҶͻȻе̫ˡ
պԱ߹ȥһ£ǳˣŮǰ棬ں׷źţ˿Ʋϣ˶֪˸鲻һҷһ֪ܹϴ
˶ڶԷǰչ¶Լ飬ԶԷϤһŸ޼ɵһ塣
壬ʲôʱҲܸһСƢأҶｫĿϡҹɫϵĵƹ貣ϣΪһӨĹâȥƯ

ܿӭĩĩżٳ٣ֳЩط˳
þûˡ¶п
ȻѾûܸˣΪʱɧбһɢɢĸͬŮ죬Ҳ֪˵ʲôŮЦû֦չġ
ҶҲֳﵽǵһ忴ʲôú棬ĿĸŸʽֽ
һԲνͣΧһԲһοͣһ˷ޱȡ
رڽʱ򣬴ԲĿʼתҡڣҡڵķȻԽԽһ󾪺ͼС
濴żȾִ̼
ڴͦߣҲϣ֪ʲôʱһ²ĵȥЩĶڰҡڵĴڴ
𣿡Ҷͷ塣
𣿡̧Ҷڵſ
ҶһеΣգҪ˰ɡ
΢΢һЦЦá
Ҷššü㲻ȥ𣿡
粻ȥǾͲȥˡɵĵ
ǰ壬ȥȥΪʲôҪҶɫΣȥ£ȥⲻĵҶһۣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ塣
Ҳȥȥɡ弱æҡͷ˵СĿҶ
һģҶͻȻЩԡ
û˼˰ǳģ̫ɨˡЩˣʱͻȻһأС⣬Ҳ뿪ôһ찡Լˣ
ͺˣܱܲ硣һҲס䣬ַºɵ˿Сأ
ô֪һ޹ⷭ˸ۣٴνĿŵϻȰ˵Լڴ
ûأͱסˡ
ιҪڴ
ȥתľڴʺ㡣
ƨ

ҶĬĬֻЦЦ߰ɣҲȥ档˵ڴƱȥ
ȻȣȴҲû˵ʲôԹԵĸҶĽŲߡ
ŶƱϴڴҶǼһϵİȫʩŷĵĿʼԼ
ڴڴʱ΢һִûĸоӿͷЩͷĿѣ
ŴڴתҡΣǰľԽԽģ߳ŸʽļУԽԽ졣
ӲӣŬ۾ֱıǰİȫװãʧصĸоĸ߸ߵ
ΪԼᱻ˦ȥʱֱͻȻһǵµΣͷסһ岻ֵֻ̿͵İ
ǿƫͷֻԼԱߵҲڿԷĴţϳ˵ǡ¡
һϾĬİο۾ƾתİڴҡΡ
ϣҶšĿȪˮݸɫ԰׵壬ӹһСھͺȲȥˡ
𣿡ҶЩ۵Ĳ˲ϱˮʪ鷢
ǿЦЦģû¡
ܾ˵ûϵġҶｫַĺ󾱴СĵİĦѨ建ͷΡ
û£ͺˡ΢΢ͷҶ﷽㶯
ҶȴͻȻͣɻĿͻȻЦЦû¾ͺãڴͦģҪҪһΣ
ɫ˱䣬Ͳ԰׵øˣƬ̣ҶǺЦĺٳһεģǹԹԵĵ˵ͷ
á
ͷһɲǣҶϵЦʧˣ³˳
㿴ȥܲǿԼҶޱĵȥǶЩ
ûвѾˣ㿴役ĵ˵վſֱת˸Ȧ
̫֮ǰڴĺ󾢻ûȥת˸ȦͷһβˤˣҺҶۼֿס
·ϣҶﵣĵĻû˵ڣϵ·ͱľסˣ̧һŸ԰׵ʧĿҶ
һһͺˣֻҪϢһȫˡ
ӣҶｫҪ˵ڵĹĸ˻ȥʱڲﲻˡ
ֺΪʲô



60 
Ϊʲô
˳˶ ˶顣
Ҫ˵ˣЩⶼҶ֮ĲԾ뿪ѯʣͱסˣ ûһԡ
ҶĬĬİ򿪳ţ úϳ
ڸʻλϣ濪Ҷĳ˳ İȥ ΢΢ĦѾõ˰̡
˻ȥԼɡҶȴķΧ
嶯һ٣ ʱŷǿҵϲ⣬͵̧ͷ Ҷ㲻ˣ
ûҶտһۡ
ƭˣİ ûֳǰڳһɵӡ
Ҷﰵ̾˿ϣ ̬ȣ ²ǻᱻڷ֣أ ȴǹԹɵģ·Զһ
˻صң ʱҶţ ȴԸ⣬ Ҫڳæ ϴϴεζ һ̶û
Ҷ޿κεͬʱֺܲζ
극ֿʼæ жľ ˵ء
һĥĥĴյҶԱߣ ۰Ͱ͵Ҷһ
ҶʼվɳϿæչʱ̲סˡ
壬Ժɣ߷һ¹
ǾĲ𣿡Щֵ̿ĵ
ǣֻ̫ˡҶҡҡͷ
Ҳ۵ġ弱æ
СıԼ±ģҶݲɱ
壬֪ڿʲô𣿡
ʲô½ǣЩ޴롣
ҵıķҶǿҪסĳ嶯ĵ
˲ͱɷ
뵱ҵıķˣҶս֣ʹԼֵ
磬𣿡ûлشҶĻʵɫ԰ףվҶǰӦǾӸµģɷȴ߰һɻ֮ȥĲУһСèһ
Ҷһվûסֽ̧ϡ
ûֻ֪˺ͱķ𡣡Ҷｫͷļĵ
Ϊƽȵģ㲻ҪֺңҲǿԼԼôɣϣԼʱͲҪǿԼҶ߶߶ĵĵ
ǡֱӶĿҶ촽ֱϡ
ʲôţ˵šҶĿ壬Ҫ˵ʵ뷨
ûʲôȻǸϣģһŬġ島ЦЦЦſҶϣȥ˼
ӦҲһֱʶġԼ
½ڿȥϿΡ
ÿεĽԸȽϹŹ֣̫ӭѧԺѧΡҶЩǸĵ
ȥЩ
û취Ҷֻܺ˺üôһȥϿεͷ
ԷʱҶ˸ܲӪ
ԣ˵ǲϲԺܲһҶֻգԼƵİѺܲˡ
һʼãʱ䳤Ҷеⲻסˣ㵽ŵ
ôˣźЦĿһͷ۵Ҷ
ûʲôҶվ̨¿¥˺ܶࡣ
ǰɣҾе̫ĻˣЩڰ־Щ̫ˣЩǲʲôȤϷɡŹĵ
ǾͺˣҶﰵԿЦ
ףǰͲģ
Ϊʲôأ



61 
ϲϵЬˡ
Ҷﱾٸ̸һ̸ģ ֻһֱûҵᡣ
һǰ¿ΣҶžһվڷѧԺѧѧԺıؾ֮¿Ρ
ʮӣȳˣ ˵屻ʦˡ
Ƕ֪ ħ˭Ϳ壡ƲƲ죬ȻǶħ
ħȫϣ Ƿѧʦ  ֿ̰࣬ϲҵѧ ˽ȥ̣ ƢѸ㣬ϷѧҿƵѧһһվŶŵ뷨ѧԺԶѧԺ
ڴڻ¯ϣÿʱ򶼵սľ±ֽڵ̲Ͻ̵̨˵ Ȼħ ر
ɾôһµȴһ̬Ķֿ䣬 ⾪ӶҪˡ
ѧԺķƽҶҲŵģѧԺѧҲͳһ ħѾ˵һС
ûȻáħĿ࿴ ҶҲе⡣
˵ Сҵ𣿡Լй ˣ תעС
С֮ǰֻСèҽԺס˼ǾͰӳˣ ΪҶûôʱ;չ ɵúҶСè¼ҡ
ҵˡҶ˵ͷ
¼ҾôòãСߵ˻С𣿻᲻ְСˣߵҶԱһ˦ö⡣
ģ ͥܺãСõģҲҶһһش
ģô̵ʱǴҵĸôõ˼ҰЩɺɵĿҶ
ԣҶɫʱ΢
Ҷ΢ɫĿһǰɣҶƭ
ˣһ£Сⱻŵˡ߹Ҷļ硣
ʱҶŷɫȷʵѿʱЩЦá
ģҰС͵Ҹȥˣ֤СáٳԱûģ
˵ˣΪСˣȻƭҡؿڣһµģ
Ҷбһۣ⶯һٺ֪ӦԼ˵ɶʱεߵš
ϢųЦͱݺݵȭͷ
żһ̧ۣٴ͸ȭͷʱһܵҶԱߡ
ôôֻСèµҶƷˡҪܹżæǵתƻ⡣
ŶҶˣȻתעĶͷЩգ߹ȥվҶǰҶ㻹ǵ˵Ǹ۸СèĻ𣿡
ˣҶһššü벻ôɰɡ
ԣǸˣӦý̬ŶԣҲˣСҴģ߷ߵĵ
㻹ǵʲô𣿡ҶͻȻסֱۣݴʱȫȡ
ڸʲô
Ҫش𣬲Զʹһ䵭ﻹŲݺӵĲ䡣
ˣƫͷȥʱϲĵ˵ʱ˲Ծɫ̫ÿ
˳Ŀƣ;㤵ķֱ֣ۻҶץţ
岻̫ƵĿ⣬ⷴӦĽҶ˦˺üҶԶԶġ
ǰקţקվһԥһŵַԼϣžһʧ̧ͷЦЦ
壬ħʦ˵ʲô
ûлشĻߵЩ˼Ҷǰ͡
磬õˡ
áҶҡҡͷǿԵĽԺ߰˼ĪĲ׿Ȼſ壬ֽôôŷҶǹС
ãôҶﻹƽԼϤĹģŻط°ġ
ô᲻أ߰ȥԷҶù廳ŵıǣ֡
Ҫ뿪һ̧ͷҶͷվǲԶһĬ§һԵøܵˡ
ǡҶﾪȵĿǰһĻոʱ飬ǼǸ̬ı̬ϣһʱ֮Ȼûô㵽һġ
ǡŸҪ˵ͱˡ
ǡٺ١⽩ӲЦЦָ΢΢ŵĿԼϣͬʱСĵĴ飬Ŵ˿
ոҪˡ
ҺǣƣӦþͲҶ˰ɡ
Ҽǵ˵ֱаҶü
ֱƨ֮ǰװģʵҰҽܲ˲һֱ˵ͺߣ۾գģ˵Ļͦģġ
Ȼܽ𣿡Ҷʵ
ⲻ㿴§¥жп𡭡˻ɿ㣬ҿҪˣⱾʾֶû뵽ϵԽԽ
ӭҶȤĿ⣬Ϊ֮һⰮһ̬ʧЦݣݿȥѵõĴ
㲻ҪȥԷȥɣҺͲȥˡƽ˵
Ҷɨһ۴ס⣬ȻʶȤĵУˡ˵Ҷ뿪ˡ
˺óһ·島˳Ҷ֣Ҷ￴ȥ磬ǡ
û£ǻԼġҶ̧ͷڸÿǵǵȻҪʲô
ڲ뿼Ǹ˻ͻȻ
ҪʲôҶ΢΢Ŀ塣
롭ҵͷüҶЦ⡣
ҪҶ塸Լ˳˳ĵˣҶﵱȻúõһ
ΪҶרĵҪûзڲԶĴСŵĵطһĨϸСĹ
ҶͺƵɢؼҡ
һ룬ҶͷͿЬɢˡ
ͣһ¡Ҷ
ԵʶҶĻͣվ·ߣȻͿҶﻺǰ¶ס
ҶͼʱҵҪܿҶ֡
磬Լͺˡ
𶯡Ҷ̶ֹ̧סĽţѽ岻ٶ˲ŷֵ
㲻İѽˌȥ
ոյһһܣɢЬֱӵȥڵϡ
ҶҲ⣬ڵصЬĴ˸ᡣ
ϵЬҶֱ֣´β㡣
ãø綪˵ġ忴˿Χûʲô˿Ҷﱻ˿ˡ
ϲϵЬˣԣôࡣҶﱾ壬ǵϵĻҳͷˣΪñǼɨɨĶͷ
ɨͷҶ΢΢һҪ˵ʲôеͻȻһ΢ͬʱһĨɫ⣬Щ谵Ĺ¸Ŀ
ҶﾯĿȥͬʱ
ɫѾеϵ˺٣ʲô쳣ˡ
ҶҪջߣĿԹһתȴȻסһСԴϤĺڰɫӳ½֡



62 
ɺ
ļ Ҷ۲һ¹Ȼڸ塣
Ѿ˲²Ǹ˭ˣҶﻹǱȥ⡣
֪Ϊʲô״̬ȥܲģҶü ⼸춼Ĳɵ״̬ ʱȻ
˵Ҳò֣ҪҪ ҲûǸʱȥš
ʲô𣿡ٵĵ һģ ǽš
£Ҿ⡣Ҷﰲ
ʲôʱЩֺܽŵĿҶ Ҷ˵һЩ춯صĻ 硸ʵϲ㡣һɣʵϲ壬ҵĲˡȵȡ
ԼԼԲĻŵˣ ˸ˣ ͻȻ֣ҲڴӦҶܿ
Ҷɲ֪Զж ʵǸ̬峤ʲôӣ
ԣ ԲĻʱһأ Ҷ飬 Щ˼Ŀ˿ȣ Լһ ŻǸ̬ò
ͦߵģеݣ Ҳǻˡ
Ҷһһ߰˵ЩǸԱȣ ƶȸߴٷ֮ʮ
ӵЩҲǺܶģ ȻҪ
Էϻʲôرһ𣿡Ҷٴ׷ʵ
һĵطⱧ°Ŭš
ҡҡͷǲˡʱעСèȥˣѹûϸ۲Ǹֻ̬ԶԶĿһۺͽҴһƳѡ
ðɡҶ̾˿ˣȥɣ˵ңҲ˵̬顣
áȻЩֵǴӦ
Ҷﳯ˵ͷתҪ뿪Ÿʹ⼤ľ
ˣǸ̬ϻһ򣬾͸Ǹࡣ˵ָָ̧˲ԶͰ治֪˭ŵһƯķۺɫˮ
Ҷ￴ȥɫͻȻúѿȻˣ¶ˣǸ̬ϡ
ʱӦҲˣС˵ֻǴһƪϿƬôˣΪ˵ԭĸ
뵽οĺڸӳ½ǣҶĿһ˲
ã֪ˣлл
лҶͼҴҵ뿪ˡ
վڴýѧԺſڣҶСĵĶһ£ŸϵĿα
дʱѾûˣӦҪؼˡ
˵ؼҶﻹһɺϵĲѰ֮ǰסУģɾǾСèĵڶ죬˷Ӵˌȥ



63 ׷
项ĸ
һҶﶼСĵĸϣ ȻͷֶԷΪܹŹ֣ʱȥѧԺʱȥ̹ѧԺ
ȥѧԺҶ⣬Ͼ̬Ŀһֱ壬 ȥ̹ѧԺҶͲ̫ˣ ѵ˵̬еڶĿꣿ
ҶҲûԹ̹ѧԺĳ˹ע࣬ʱǹһȦͻȥˡ
Ҷ˵Ҫ۲ϣ ׻ҪϿκ壬 ʱ̹ע
ֻ߶ҪæЩ壬 ̫̰̬ˣѧУһ죬 вͻֶһ֡
ҶҲѱҲ֪Ҫô̬ һͦ鷳ġ
һвͺˣܹĴȥˡ
ȻϸȫͲһ·ġ
ڻؼҵ·ϲĸʱ Ҷ˺ڣ 첽Ļص˼ҡ
ԹԵĻȥ˯ʲôʣ Ժһ͵ġҶֱ۳ĵ
ͷ˵ʲô뿪˼ң ʱҲϰ˵롣
忴ҶԶȥıӰ һ˲ ſ ƺҪȥ
̤ȥ ԥˣƺǻڶҶΣ ջĻԹԵĻԼķ䡣
ѾŵҶﲢûпҪĶ ʱȫע˶ڽֹսǴӰˡ
ӼҳʱҶԼһαװ ǣҲӺϤˣҶĿǰ뱩¶Լݾߡ
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ҶĿһԭҪ뿪ĽŲ˸ת¸ȥ
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Ĵè΢֣ҪβͻѪĸо˷ϲھĽè
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ʱֵͲֻҲˣֵͲڵϷѵ
ģ˭ҳǿĵĿ־ɫڲĵ
ҹ΢΢˴⻹һ˿졣
Χģ˷紵ϴֻʣһ˺ĺˡ
װŪģҿɲ¡ϹĵҪȥϻŵֵͲ
͵һֱֱˣһϿ˵ǻˣŵڵľͳȥɲһͻȻһèУء
èܹ죬ǴɤＷһʶĻͷ˿ڵģܿεĴè

ڵèεèǴŷŭԹޣž;ûһļƤ
ʶĶ˶һĺͲڵϵĴèеģǴ洫ġ
ѵ滹èŬѰҿѧ͡
Ȼһ룬ƾնСʯͷִ˹ֱ۾
ϱ۱յĿ죬Ƥֻ۾ܵشһ۵ڵء

ŹŹֵֹèԽԽ٣žкֻܶèһŽкһּŶ䣬ȴСʯͷʯͷһĳ
ӹŵҰףסͷ̲סеƨӸȥˡ
ҹ̫ڣŵöʧķˣߵèغһ
֮ĻһѪɫĻ棬ѪǵèŴ۾Թ޵Ŀƺ޲ýҧ顣
š项һײǽʧ޵ǽڻ˻ΣǼǿͦסһײϣֱ˹ȥ
ҹɫɢģֵͲһֻ޳Ưּϣ𳤳Ӱӡ
ӰӻߵӵӸ´ڵˣ޳ָⲦ˲ѾЩ𻵵óһɫС
õ󣬹Զȥʧȥ˹ٴӿССڰʲôûı䡣



64 ǰϦ

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άҪ˵ƶԭأҶҴҶܽԡҵıӰֻĵĻϲ鶼ˣϵҲȥ
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ЦһҶˮĳ˸ˮ衣
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Ѿˡ
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Ҷﲻ֪ԼĪĲôģɿŻָԭǾúܸܲоʲôõ鼴Ҫһ



65 
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һֻʱֻͻȻ񶯣һ΢Ϣ˳ʱϲĵ㿪Ϣ
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һڿ£ ֻֻʾһ룬ԥҪҪҶ绰
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Ҷſ֣ҶŷԶȥ
ԭҪˣֲЩˡ

ʮ룬һɫվſڣԥƬ̧̺Կ״š
ſˣĵƹй˳ɢĻ谵Ҳһ
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Ҷͷոʵ˯ˣȻͷЩۣû˯ãǿŵĸСʱʱľ״̬ʵڲѡ
忴ҶʱģЩۣǰɫӷڽűߣվɳİҶﰴĦͷ
ÿ𣿡Ҷ΢΢İĦͷ滺˺ܶ࣬ʵ
ţСӦָͷתƵ̫Ѩϡ
壬м˵ҶͻȻס
嶯һ٣ȻҶַϵĶĵ˵
㿴˽ǰףʵҸһϵûСΪûо£Ҳϰ߽͡
Ҷ⻰˵ЩɰͰ͵ģȻҲ֪ԼĽЩֱתһĲҡ
ֻŰҶﰴĦƣǻûӦŽִɳϣϵЦһᣬã㡣
Ҷ㶣ȷӦ˵ʲôʱʱϲһƣ˲һɨգһľֱӽ˴ɳһקԼıš
塭塭ҶｫľѴҲţһֻ͵ǹһ
ֻ䵭һѣȴö꣬ԺǲҪˣúõġ
Ҷﱧ˺һ󣬷ҶʵĲʹȥ˯ˡ
ҶһͷĽ˷ʱЦҲԼķ䡣
ĺɫָһߣһһڴߡ
ãŶ˶ȥϴ軻˯Ȼɵϡ۾ʱĽԼһţü
ϵЩ˵ľͺˡ
һܸ˵ġ



70 

ڶ ˶ûΣԹ緹Ҷﱾģֻ岻֪ڷʲô һֱҪһʱų
ʱҶڿɳϴϷ ̧ͷȻͼ崩һɫĳTϻҶ֮ǰĺɫб Ҫš
ֻﴫѱɱϷЧ Ҷûֽɳϣ Ȼվ塣
Ҫȥ𣿡
ţԼ˽ȥ档Ц
ȥ𣿡ҶﶨĿ塣
⡭忴ȥЩΪѣҸԼ˽Һȥġ
ðɣ ҲȥҶ˵ɫЩÿ
ԥƬżҶ߲һڣҪҲȥˣ
㶼ӦˣҪ𣿡Ҷü
Ҳ˵óֻҪ绰
ѾӦַΪǲԵġҶס֣ ֹĶ Ȼ岻֪΢΢ЦʵֻҪһҾͲˡ
ҶĻ£ Ҳź˺죬ָֻ΢΢ս
ԭԺȻǱҶ˵Ͷ˼ɬĸо
ɡҶֱվıֱֱĻ΢΢ͷ
һ ٴż⣬ ֻһҶͷ岻ò̧ļ磬 Դ˽ԼŽߵĿ
Ȼ촽Ҫȥʱ ҶȴͻȻŤͷ
˰Ȼɴ۾ 촽ϵĴвƤĹ⻬
ҶûӹҲ֪ô죬 գգۣ 㶵Ľ۾ĴʱúȤ иطڴ
΢΢ҧҧĴ꣬ţеġôһҧҶʱǷʲôϲһϲҪ롣
Ȼͱƿˡ
һͨ죬ƺˮʪģĺ촽ΪҶĿҧøˣϻǳǳӡ
ҡˣԼʱҪˣĿҴҵôһ仰͸æ뿪ٵĵط
Ҷ뿪Ҳ˲ûζ׷ȥ¼ǵøҴ绰վڵվڵ塣
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ŻرգڻʣĿ϶ʱ̧ۿվڵҶƺڿĸרעǻЦ⣬Ķѡ
岻ԾҲЦ΢΢̧ƺһҶȻʱѾȫˡ
ֱڰͣƬ̾ͱˣŵݻ½ҲЦݣޱӡ
Ҫջź⣬һʵںߡ
򴽣һİĸоϮ岻Ծ̧Ҷҧĵط©һġ
Ϊʲô
һĨϲǿװǲᡣ
ֻǣѾ˲֮ǰܾǣΪʲôأ
뵽ҶĽϵ˲併˼֣𣿲ʵš
ɺ̫ˣǸǰ׵ü٣Ҷ￴
ȻҲӽǾʹ粻Ǹˡ
ţϲûôϲӦҲиоģȻйдһһʲôҲš
֮˵ŲֽҶֱӳϣסⲻȥһԸѡšҶҲԸ˵ġֳץ项¿Ҷ䵭ҲҶﵱѡһˣ´ӴԺֱʧȥ˴Ҷߵʸ
µĶ̫ˣҲҲ£µĻҶ뿪
µҪǸҶԶʧ뷨
װҶĽͣʵǼٵģѾҪˣҪǣҶߣĸ統Ȼֻܿһˡ
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ڴϣֻŵһһϢŵ˳
룬Ͻ·ڴ¥¥£סһ
ǹ˹ûأֻŻض
ַǸϱһ׼Ӧˡ
ʱϽֻϣб˼ͰѰݸ⣺š
һȥⱧŰЩĵĵ
ţ˵Ҫһ˹ȥ
ǡǻ˵ʲô
ˣϵĲ𣿡
˵⣬ɫ˲ò԰ףʲôµĶһ
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Щ֪̫ûôҪˣǵʱ׼ʱ
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ͻȻһͳ΢ǻתʱȴһš
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һߣҶźһֱ£ֻϷҲĲɵģһϷֶǱġ
ҶֻĵĲУֻɳ۾Ȼվ
ڷһȭֿһ飬оʱȥ˺ܾãҶתֻʱ䣬ŹһСʱ
Ƕ갡ҶйɵɳϣûߵѰ
Ȼһɴʱ˶Ǹæ飬ʱ࣬ôʱʱúܿ죬־ʱôأ
ѵû
Ҷﶢ컨巢Ŵ
ͻȻڶϵֻҶȻ
һŸ΢Ϣ
ҶʱʧĴ˴ͷǵ㿪˿
Ҷ氡ˮļڣڼʬδ̫˷õĴѧ
Żһ򳡵Ƭ
Ҷظ˸á֡
ʵеķŵҶA򳡸ȥ
ֻǵʱ򣬿һСԼΧΧһð̹ŮӣҶ˲ͷ뿪
ҶˣͱˣҶʶءЦеĵִҶĲϣѹ磬СһӣߣҿǷ»ӦǽһҪܸʶġ
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˵Ҫ뿪ֻǸת˻
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һⶼ͸ĲֿϾɵĵƹȻţɵġ
ڲֿмһӣϰһʹͷݵ
һӣϤĿֲ̬Ŀ⣬ϻ˭
ʱϰǰһԵĿ


71 ̬
װ
ۣ ں΢ɲĶ˶Ȼиĺܡ
Ҳ֪̫ǶԼ̫ģֽŵӸɢ
ϱҲ ʱЩټٵƬŪ ȫûҪɴһѷϻԼۿһΪ׼ѪɫŰɱ
Ϊ⣬ ȻȥʱõجΣ ÿÿ˶᲻Ծе־塢¡
ȴҲΪץסѱ һһεĹĿ־壬ɥʧ˷
ӹǰ ̧ۿǰ һŴӣзಣƿƿװһЩĲ
Ѫܵ۾ лѪСĶ䡢èСëʲôϵβ͵ȵȡ
кܶܶ࣬ װڲƿﱻİڷϡ
˸еʵǣЩƿмճĵط һֻѩ׵һϢ棬һֻѾˣ Ѫɴɵӿ˳
ɫҺ彫ѩɫƤëմʪȾ죬 ׵Ľ֯˿ʡ
ֻӵӵ£ һ̲Ѫɢ ϾɵĺںɫѪ ӵǱԵЩ˳һ·ʵϣ ЩӱԵγһſѪδδ䣬 ڵһѪ
ÿ𣿡ϵЦߵ ˫ִϣЩҵƷġԺ
ûػ˵Ҳ⡣
ߵֻһϢǰϾӵһֻ䣬źһϧˣֻȾ˲ɾĶȻҾһƯöˡ
һתϴŵĲȡָϣƷȻûôƯҲ͸㡣
ҲҪ°
ҪģҸģ͵Ҫ̧Ҫգȴ㿪ˣҲЦĸˡ
壬ÿҼÿˣÿƤŽҵıؿʱһܳΪֵղƷϳԵĵ
ƫƫͷһ񣬲ϱӻⱲӣԼƤҵˣö͸ˣ
ҼĵһۿʼҾ;ҵĲŶԣȻҵˡϳճյЦš
顪
Ҫ˵ʲôʱϵŴϵĻˡ
ϵЦһ٣̾˿˵ôжǵദء
վǿҪӿץڰУѪ۾ͦÿģ壬Ұ۾ڳɺ챦ʯ͸òã
ɫ΢䣬ȱһֻзţǵѪ˦ϵϣƺ⣬
ȵġЦЦƻζ졣
ؿһ󷭽һΣǻᱻ¶ı̬ٶĵ
㡭ңϽҵϣȻתͷպƫͷɫɷޱȣʱȤ߹
Զ㣬Ҹʶ㣬ſңֽ˼֡
ꡭָס촽ҪԹԵģŶͳϻһŨѪζŶɫѿ˼֡
㲻ʶûϵʶ͹ˣҪ𣿡ϵ̬תĺܿ죬֪ʲôطóһƾɵȻ󲥷š
öɴϵҲԽԽܡ
עɿƳһ컨ԱߵСһɫ֡
ʱҪˣ壬Ҹ׼һϲҪúùۿŶһЦװ׵¶ԵЩɭɭġ
üͷһϵּصļ֣Ҫѿ
ҰСͲϲһ˵һߵӺСİϵĲƿ࣬ƺϲ۸ң˵˵Ҷģҡ
üĿչţһȥرƿƯƿӷŵ¹ͣҲҡ
̧ۿȥǼݣƫףſЩеС
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Աߣ߸ϵĿңҴ￴һ˹Ҳʸڿң
ԣҺԺҾͰ۾˳װǺںȫһҰʱΪڸأССĽţر
˵¶ƺǻصһİһμѪȵѪϣһеĸоһٿǸоˡ
֮ҾͷֲңЩèˣЩұʱҶ߽£ܶܶ࣬Ƕҡ
ǶץˣڶలƯҪǣѾûʸٿˡЦЦ
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ĶžĵڵϹ˼ȦʧŲӣ˼ȻͿﻹһ֧ССܡ
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彫ϵ⿪վûȥѪϣȻߵԣϸϸĿϰڷĲƿ
һһģһĲƿһ۾ҵǸȥװСݵƿӡ
ƿЩ谵ĵƹ£ֱԵرİף׵ЩȻƯ
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ԸڸԼ֣˺Լ
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ոսƿӷ£ͻȻһ˻ͬʱһ˳˹
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ͻȻײڵء
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ô°ײˣŽҶͳһĸߴ
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ˣû¡Ҷס˵Щʲôš
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ֱڣǾŵĸоؿɢȥ
ˣҶʡ
쵽ˡſһʱ
쵽ˣҲû˰ɣܾе
߳ҶؼҾ͸绰
ȻûܻؼңΪһĬڸкܵ͵ϵͳͻȻˣ
̬پڽУ뾡ֹڷ
ĿǰΣ뾡Ӫȣ



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ӷٵʻţ ŵԹһ֣Һ·˺ƫƧŵĻʲôͨ¹ˡ
ֻǡ
ƫͷ ʻλ ĵǿųҶ
Ҷﻹһɫͷϻװõĺڰɫ˶ ˧Ĵ磬 Լٷɳ۵ĳӣ ̲סս˰ȫԼ˦Ɍȥ ͬʱҲܺ棬 ֪ʲôҶôʧ̬
ֱӦøйأҪĸйأǵ׻Ƕô춯صĴ²һ򵭶Ҷ¶⸱̬ Ѳˣ
Ҫȥ׽飿
ŵ콥ųOͣ ҶЩֹûʲôأ ͻȻɲšԲۡһǰȥ ֱȫ˻ ðǡ
ûأ ͼҶ˳
Ҷ ȥŵȻֹ ſڳϣͷЩΣ ⲢֹϳվҶǰ˭
⿴һʱ䣬 ż ڲŸո֣жʮܱ
̾˿ŲȻͿһӦóˡ
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⿴ҶﱾЩϲƬ̺ʱǰǸС
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ֻǽǰܺʶԳΪĹڣʻǻЩ˷ܳԡ
׼ˡϲ͸ǣǹۿһһѪɫɱ
УǱܼ尾˥ЩĴӦղƷֲκη֮ĵĻ˵ᶯ˳ղƷ
ֻǺǻǱˣһҲˣõҽͨ赼߳
뵽ʱܵҶֻһϢΪԼնץİѱ´ˡ
Ȼ⣬Ȼԭһϸˣ
ǸҶʱı̫ˣҲʱĵü٣һ߼û˵ƿЩĿҶڵ𣿡
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ޱĿڵϷۻŻҳڵذγƬƬѪɫͼϵɫҰףϵ·ҲִѪգȥޱȵۡ
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ˣΪʲôǰֻ޺򣬿׸Ǹħǣħԣħ
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ƿųصſȥˣǸСųˡ
Ÿնӣʹһɾʹ
ȥİһŲϵıϡ
ҴˣҴˣԲ𣡣ŹңŹҰɣҲܲ˵ĴĵģһģĲ
һϸܵԼܵвֹסĿ־塢ս¡
ǡЦЦˣĴˣ
Ҳв㣬ҲŰɱЩҶ˼Ҵˣ֪ˡһԼУŻ⡣
ϣ㵽Ҳô˵ζЦЦ
֣ЩȻ
԰֣ӦǸεᣬкһѵϵһƬһƬĸϣô𣿡͵͵ЦЦŪŵϵƤɭĺƵ䡣
ԸһҵУԸܷɵƲãϷҡͷȴһҶ
ǡаɡ彫Сƿ΢΢ɿһΪǰѴƿĵת۾ѹβһطһϻȥһѪߣѪ䣬ͣƤϡ
֮ǰ˫۾Һܲϲ˰ɡ嵭ĵ˵һȻ۾İ
顪
յͻȻײĶһپȵ̧ȥ˵ӰʱȻɴ۾ϵЦȥ
ռ˲䰲ɵһһûκһɵζĴڿС
屣СƣĿ߹ˣ촽˶³֣硭



73 ׼̯
װ
ڽ߿֮ǰ Ҷ棬˫ѪĿģ屻ŵɪɪģ ϲ̵Свġ
Ȼ˵Щļƻ ɶڴʱҶ˵ú˼⻰˼ ֻ뽫ħȳ
ǡű߿Ժ ĿĻͷһ һֱߵĻѸӿͷ
ǸһڰŲı̬ʱȻ۵ڵϣϻɢ˵ζ
ſӻеʪ Ȼˣ
̬ĶȻԸ϶ĵ޺ǣ
ҶЩ ԼʱǲΣ
ѵ
ʲôڵط콫Ҷ˹һǰѴѪС
ȷ˭ԺȻһɿֻŸУ ԭյСﻬڵϣ Ȼվֱ ɫ԰׵Ҷ
ңң˭û˵ʱžĵطͻȻһ Զ
û°ɣҶĵ
ţ û¡屳˫ֽսһ ָ ȴƽ
Һȳζ Ҷɨһ۵ϵĲľԽԽ
ֻǡߵľԽԽˣ ҶߵԱߣ ֽ̧ͷң ץ·꣬·ͣ֡
ϵССѪҶ΢΢
壡⴫һкƬ̺һżĽ˲ֿźžˡ
˱˾֣Ϊ˵ԵȱȥҽԺ
¼֤ټǰ¼Ǹ˺Сı̬֤ȷˣһ
ϵˣ˵ڽʱСʧˣʱľڣǱܵģṩϰǰŰСƵԾ¼ڹͽˡ
̤ԭı̬ŰèǸ̬ܳһ߳վŭĵһҪ
ͻȻһ£ᱻв˵ΪֹǸ̬ŰèԲű̬ϣ
֪Ǹ̬ģʱж𾪣˵̬ôôһһһһ̬ĳ̬ͬһ
̬ȻʰôңҲǻãˣûϢЦЦֻĴָ
ЦЦţͻȻɫܲÿ
ôˣĵʵϵЦҲǵҶԱ̸߲һġ
ǸƵȥûϵ𣿡ûʹҶ
תҶһۣţʱ䡣
ǾСҶ˵ͷͻȻĿһ
һֱɨţ֪ڴʲôա
ʱҶȴԹߵǰ̧ƺҪɾڻ׵ʱ˸»ļġ
ණҶﵭĵ
ڴɢȥһ˫۾ʧȥ˹һġ
ؼҰɡҶ˵Ҳûһͣķȥ
Ϊʲôô䵭⿴Ҷ뿪ıӰЩĵ
û£ллˣҵİأ
أһֱŵĺɫбݸ壬лʵҲûʲôæˣҡҰ֮ǰļƻȫҶ˵ˡЩεĵ
¶һĨԴӲֿĵһЦݣûϵˣһ
ԭȫ֪˰Ҳòװˡ



74 ̹
ϲңϲϲ
ҹɫ Ҷͣĵطܰ·ƶղȥ
ֻĻϵ⣬ǿҵ֣ ȥ
򿪳ڵƹ⣬ ҶڼʻλϽһֱͷϵķȡ·һߣ˼̧ͷվԶ·µӰ
ߣ Ҷִ̧򿪳ƣ ĵƹ˲佫ڰɢ
ôҶ￴ӭŵƹ߹Ӱ ݹϸôֻһùںÿѡ
϶Ϊٷ֮٣δ⵽κ쳣ϵͳĵ
𣿡ĬƬ̺Ҷʵ
겨Ͽ ǡϵͳ
Ҷͷ ǰѴѪСһֱԺ֮ȥĻΪʲôͻȻ
С˵廹Ǹദôʱ壬 һͨĵ㣬 Ǿǡ
塭뵽Ļ棬ı̬ Ҷζܰյϵһ
ơ
ʻĳãҶƫͷȥ ͼվڳ⡣
ͻȻ˹ Щ꣬ ҶĨһ³
ô𣿡Ҷվڳֱ۴ڳע
û˵ ҶͻȻһϳĵ
˭ӦҶЩƣܲ
ϳ Ҷ˳ӣ ֻڿҪʱ ϰԵԱһƳͿԱߵûϵȫ
һҶｫԼϵİȫ⿪ȥϵðȫ
ȫϵúҪ˻ȴСϥϵ֡
ĴҶɫһ䣬˲Լʱֱס֣ôô䰡𣿡Ҷü
ִʱž͸ձһҪ֪Ƕ죬ֿһֱȵġ
Ҷ̧Ķͷ̽ȥҲе
ȥҽԺ𣿡ҶЩǵĵ
ãû¡ҡҡͷ
ģҶﻳɵ
š˵ͷ
ԣҶЪҪȥҽԺͷ
硭ͻȻ
ţҶ̧ۿ壬ŷĺܽʱһ֧λϣһ֡
𣿡ʡ
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죬ͷ̧һֻֽ˫ֲ£˴꣬ǻؼ̸Ҷƽĵ
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صѾŵˣϤİŽҶȻһһ
ԺʱʱĻҶΣġ
Կ׷ϣҶһҪú̸̸
ɻڣһ˽ıס
ʶҶҲתΪ͡
Щ˽ĻҪ˽ҶҪתĽ
ûʼֱͻȻһʹʲô뵽棬ġ
彥ЩʶҲģҶֻԼ˵Բ𡹣Ȼͳ׵ʧȥʶ
ٴҶ﷢廹ЩΧϤķ䡣
ʱԼĴϣֻǡҶﶯ˶ֱۣ
Ҷ
ô£Ҷϵͳ
㱻ע˿ʱߵҩϵͳ
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ԣҩκӰ죬ֻᷢһʱ䡣
ΪʲôҪôҶﲻĵ
֪ϵͳĵ
ҶЩҲɻʱķͻȻ죬һ˽
ڴͷϣְҶʼһԲ
ҶĶø͸ʱѾһΪˣҲܺ嵽ΪʲôҪҩְ
ֻһ仰Ҳ˵Ͳ̫ȿڣֻܵĳιࡣ
ЩСźүһźҶͻȻЩ˼Ȼͱ첻ˡ
ĿڳģִĿҶ·ҶﲻҪһֱš
Ҷ￴һۣģеƤӦʱ˵ģֻ֮ǰųס˿ڵڲŷʵˡ
Ҫļ䣬ҲʶķȥȻһŷӦԼأһ·ҶֻεѡðɣȻǾˣӦûԼҩġ
Ҳ˵ЩĵĻˣֻٴγι࣬һȺ¶Ҷ˶̹ˣľҲࡣ
Ҫ𣿡Ҷһοڡ
Ҷҡҡͷʾˣ彫ڹϣȻתҶ￴
ôˣҶﱻЩڣʶҪ̧һԼǱסȴ˿
𣿡ʡ
򣿡Ҷе¡
Ҳûϵǲſġ嶨ĿҶͻȻЦ
ޣʲôʱˣҶЩã
ҹԹԵĻ̫ˣҪԼȻֻ΢ԼųһЩֺµĶңֱϲϱˣ磬㵽ҪôأͷŪָСһš
Ҷﱻ˵һһ㶵ģûзĵطֱ˵ϲ˱żҵķûϲϱ˰
̧ЦЦûϵϲ˱ˣҲģֻ㲻뿪Ҿͺá
˵ûУҶЩҧгݵĵڱ϶ǰСݺݵһ٣Ȼ
ǡЦЦվֱ뿪ˡ
ʲô˼Цʲô˼Ҷһûܺðĺʵȫأ
ϵͳҡҶ˵ۼĿʲô߽ˡ
ȵȵȣ
ϵͳ
Ǿһ˯ɡ˻ĶЦݲõĵ
ҶװĿȥһͷ
һ˯ԣΪʲôҪأ
ǲΪʲôҪס㣿֪ҶʲôһͷҶﴲϣȻϴһ߿ҶЦЦ˵Ϊˡ
Ҷǲܵģҡϱѧҵȥİ
ȻϱЩ򵥣ϾҲϱܲҪɣ
ֻǡ
ǲңôˣЦӯӯĵ
ҶʱĿȻʲô֪
ʵû䣬һֱֻǡûֶѡЦſҶĶĵ
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ĿҶһۣҲҶġ
ҪֻҶǻģΪ岻ȴЩۡ
ΪĻ֪ıڸǵĺܺõĲС
һֱΪãֻڿϲ
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Լʱת̬ȣ΢һ£ȴڷԺٴαعɵģ
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һеľٶ˽ͣҲΪҶһᵽʲô޴룬Ҫôϲأ
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ֱ۱˱סͬʱֱ۵˻˲èһŽ硭
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һճͷ˯ŻôıԼģܲ³һûֳô޸
Ҷ۾ãоѾ˯ĺŶ˶ӣȻһ룬ԭ˯ȴͻȻ
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š
ϵͳӦ󣬰ҶͻȻˣԱߵƺʲôüҪѹһƫƫͷȴٴγ˯˹ȥ
ˣҶ˿
СĵƿҪû뵽߬·ţҶŽûгɹ
û취Ҷֻð·ˡ
ȫõɺҶֱۣЩ顣
ȻԺߵߣҩ򿪡
ֻŰҩԼҲ˿ڣұضˡ
ϸ׵϶ļԼĥƵ˿ڣҶǩСĵĶš
ƺǸܵ⣬΢΢ֱۣҶﶯһ٣΢΢ͷѧӳ˿ڴ˴
ܻʹԭȥֱи
СҶ͵͵ЦЦ
ҩҩպ÷ŻԭλҶȴûɻȥǶڴ߿塣
ҲΪìܣ˺㣬ͬʱֺˣΪʲô֪ΪʲôϵͳĻҪ࣬ûκű塣
ΪϲңϲϲҶ̧ĸŪüҪ丧ƽ
ԭҲϲ𣿡
ǡ
õ˴𰸺ϵͳʧˣҶҲ⡣
ѾƽüĴףҶСƭӡ


75 

Ϣգ ʱʷǸѵõĺʱ
ҶһϣĬĿεգȥƺ ˫Ĵڷϣ 󱳽α
绰ľô棬̨ϵԡ̫£ ҵķ˿ҫϸĹâ Ҳǽֱͦ һǿģ
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ǹˡûи
֪Ҷشԭֱֱͦͦ˼֡
ΪʲôҪ˷
ΪˣֻӲҶĵ
˼ ϵͳ
磬 Էˡ˫ִҶļĵ
緹ģ򵥵һ ء
Ҷûйעϼ򵥵ķˣǽĿͶעԱ߶һذСϡ
 ׼ȷ˵ڿԷ֡
ֻԭݵֱϣ ɺ㣬 һƬѩ֮ųһ÷һ ÿȴصΣա
ȥҩҶﵭĵ
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в˵Ķһ٣ҶЦЦӦá
ӺҶſ죬չ³һٷ
Ҳ˵⣬ʵͦԼԵģκȫ𴲿ʼȴѾǱˣ͵ֽŷ
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ںġϵͳĵ
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ţһǷվ
Զ˵𣿡Ҷ࣬ǷվһͲʲô˾ͲˣΥɵվǻٵȽϺá
ԡ
ȵȡIPַಿרҵɡҶ

ϵͳҶﻹǷĵģеˣôӴĺǰûеԣֻҲûʲôҳ绰
˵ԣǹյʱ͵ģҲû
ôţҶ뿪ķţǸȥĵط˺ܶ¡
ﴫײʰҪʮŴóһгߣʮӣǲǿԽȥ
Ҷֱ΢ĿĶŰ뿪ڵķţʲôһþƲ۾
̫ˣ쿪ʼ˿ŻǸˣʲôطˡ
֪Ǹܵʲô˽壬˽˽ȫСһС
˵һ˾Ҫȫ
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գҶﻹǽķ䣬Լ͵͵ģȥġ
ķô˵أԴӰطҶṳ̂䣬ȷ˹ϵΪ˱Լ˵أҶǳӽ޻ֵԼһˣ
ʱһķ䲼ʵ̫ˣһ۾ɨˡ
ÿطɸɾģһΪûסأһ˵ϢûС
Ҳʰûһ˿壬Ͼͷһ̨Ժһ飬ʲôûС
ȻҶԼҲͦɾģķ仹ûô룬·Ьӷһͦġ
ΪʱʱȥŵԵʣһЩ鰡Ӱ
ŶϵͷˣԸԵķˣǸͷûס֡
˼Ҫˡ
ȿӡ岻֪ʲôط˸СӰֻȥȻһܻվͷŸҶ￴
ˣҶĪԼ̱˶Ȼȫλźĸо
ţιΡ֡ټϸæϴˣպȷʵҪϴˡȿȣ
˼ҶȻķŴԱߵ彫Դ򿪵һƵȻͿʼ
ҶﷴӦȥʱѾƵڵ¼AУ԰ֱ̳ӽõƵˌȥ
ǣҶüƵϵķ棬Ϲű̬ЦݣһֻմȾѪɫСã֪Ϊʲô³ĵӰƬأ
϶Ķһ٣Ц֮ǰƵ
Ƶ̳ϣ
Ҷ̫ĲĿõЦţ粻ǿ𣿡
Ҷɫ΢䣬ŵĻƵһȥͶ˺ܶϢգ󲿷ѧǿеģȻ˺ܶʱ䣡
Ƕ̶̼ӣ巢ƵͱϷһ
Aѧһʮʮ١ٴǧƵҲ˺ۣܶҶ￴һƵҲģܺߣһв鱻ǿɾͲǼԷܹȥģ
ͬĽ̶ܳȺܵͣԵһŸĻĴѧͰǧAҲѱӵ鷢
һ㣬ֱѧпܵģ
ҶԼνѧ˵ϲ嶼󣬱ϾѾϹһδѧˣ岻ͬôŬA˵ܹҫˣ˱ѧˣǾ͵òʧˣ
ңҶЩŵĿ壬û뵽ôݣĺֱӾǽϵĺ·ˣûΣҲù
Ӧ˵Σܾ籩йˣһֻ˺Ĺˮɲˣ
Ѳʺˣ˵𣿡˸ŤͷҶЦŵģȴﵨ
Ҷﲻ˵ϵЦһ٣վߵҶ°͸ҶļĵǲǾ̫ˣ
ѾץˣαҪ˴ԼأҶﲻĵ
ǡЦЦ۵ȴڳһƬ绹̫ˣҾˣĺϾɱҵĿ
Ҳڳͷ͸˺򣬱ȹ󶼲磬ֻнΪǵİǴ飬̳Ϊڶͨ˵һԱ֪ʲôֻһͨ˶ڱǸųα˽ˣһ㲢Ĩɱܸıģ
Ҿôһ̤־Լ߸ϵˣҲҪΪ𣿡ԽԽͣɭĺϸָҶ֣ĵıȻŴС
Ҷü˵֪ҿԭֱ۵ĸܵϵı̶̬ȡ
ֻǡΪһ˱вͰܾҲûийˣΪʲôô˽⣬Ϊ̬µи
뵽Ҷﲻ֮ǰ˵ģԵ飬ǰ֪ϵϳͲܣٶڵ˵Ӧ֪ģ
ƫƫ֪ҲǼΪϣֶԸ
Ը䡢δ֪˺Լ˷񱨸ôôֻżᵯСдġ
أأ



76 ϴ
С
ҶûС˵ ܲסֻżƣһһСľ͵ȥͿһ£տʼһ£ ֪ġ
Ȼдĸ⹷Ѫ ܲסҶԴ˺Ǻ棬½½һЩС˵
ǸС˵磬 С˵Ҳдģ ҲʵһЩ Ըʵû
ҶС˵дĶǱаŰɵ̬ȵģ˵ŰɿԼǸѧӣ ˵ŰɿԽ˵Ϊ档
ϾĴڣ ǻıδ򣡻Ǹδ򣬸Խʾȫͬ
ȻִԽǾˣϾиıиıΧ˵ Ͼվ籾ÿ˵дµ˽⣬ ֻרעڸˡ
Ҷ˸ִС˵ ˵ʵԲţ ̲סǸ쿪 ǸСɵ
ţ ԼǸСɵ
ʦ˵û мȴ޼ Ŵ棬޿Ҳɢˡ
ϧѧȤ Ҳ֪Լôһˡ
ѧɻоͨ˲𣿡ĬõϵͳͻȻʵ
Ȼ ҶʦܾǸɶõʿţ Сʦ˫ޣǼΪϵͳһҶʱԼյ£ǽ
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ҶҲգͷĻһɽϵʦܵĻûɽʱӦҲ˶ϵͳ硣
ȻĻҲ˰ɡ
ǣôˣÿ춼Ϊʲôϵͳƫƫѡأ
Ϊʲôѡң뵽Ҷֱˡ
Ĭ˻ش
Ҷ׷ʣԺ죬һ޸ѡ㡣
ţʲô˼
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ԭ֪ʱѾʰˣҹɫҲ˸ϴϢʱˣϾǵڶ컹ҪϿΡ
ţҪϴ衣ҶŴϴĵ㣬ɫƽȻ
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Ҷ΢΢ͷԴ¼ԽԽˣֱӾʹӵߵСý˵ΪС
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ԡҶһ𾪵Ŀſ߹ˡ
ϴ׼ˣϵ࣬ǰҲϴȻֻǰ˷ŵˮš
ΪһصĴˣҲûɶ뵱Ҳйڴϴһξ飬һүǹҲû˭ߡ
ڣɽҶĿ⿪ʼ
ֻĽ߽ԡңģͲҶϴģһϴġ
һҶԽԵѰˣΪʲôһ˵ƤôףôϸôƯҶҵ񶼲֪ķţȴ̧ۼ䲻ɨ˵ţ˲ǺҲǷ۵ġ
νĺÿ𣿡е޸Ҷһرճĸон˳
Ҷ˿ҪʶĻش𣬿һɫͱˡ
Ҷ
ˣϱȻϵͳˣ
ҶʱƲסԺϵͳݵķ
ֻŵ̫ˣٴλعʱѾߵǰ
ʵ崩Ҳû¶ǣֻ·ԭһɫT
ѾñˣϴܶܶΣԿŶѾ͸ˣʲôҲڲס
ټ°ʹ˸Сãѩ޳Ĵ¶ĸƯȳƣôһ䣬žͺĿԼԸС
޳ִҶϣ漴һȵ
磬һϴɡЦЦֿ̧ʼҶ·
ȵȡΪѾ׼ҶʱȴѵõЩŤԼһû£⸱·ܾûֵֹġ
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ҶΪʲôһֵߵĸо
Ҷ˼Īĸоʲô˼Ѿˡ
ӾͲˡҶﾡ򶨵
ϴôܲѿءҲܺ죬仹˲Ķȴᶨޱȡ
գۼ˼Ҫ̹ˣҶ˼֣Ҫʱܶͷܡ
һĲһ̫ˣϴıĻҪĥ
ϸˮĴڵϣʹԡҶȾ˰װ׵
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崿ԸеĽײì˵ʣ˵ֻҲĺ
ޱȵ΢죬аϲЩɬǲǾ˵иоġ
һɬѹ£һĨЦݾͳҶȥ
ӣָ̧ǰ˿ӣֵµϢ΢ʱЦЦ
磬㡣ѹ͵Юջ
Ҷɫ΢̧Ѿָһ˿֣ץסѾϵơ
ˡҶĵƽץȴأ΢΢赲ʲô
ܾɫ˱䣬ȻһҶСԭЩѿɫ˲ֻƯȻһ˿
סҶ˲䣬Цߣ£ﻥǺ¡
ҶûпѾļҪѪĶԼƤĻҪΪһ㶼ߣ
Ȼʵ֤ǿװİˡ
ţҶͻȻƿƤãſ֣΢ĵð
ƺ㶣֮Ƥۿɼֺ˼֡
ʼɡҶֱĶˡ
Ŀ£彩˽ȫֻҪ¶Ƥ˲͸͸ģһֻĴϺһ
ⲻһֻСС𣿻װɵС
ҶţȻһ͵ⲻˡ
Ϊʵ֤װСҲС



77 ˼

ҹԽԽˣ ԡĥúҶڵĴϣָ΢ףǱݵ̫˵Եʡ
ͷĴͷϣ һ ¶ɢһϢ
ԡŻţ洫صĴ Ȼ洵ͷ
ص ԡҵҲˣ ҶƫͷȥȻסˡ
һϸӰԡ˳ ֻһ׶˵Щĺɫ˯£ ˯µЩ¶Ƭѩ׵ļ˯̫ˣ һЩ ¶ƯĽ׺ԲɰĽֺ
ԭµĸоҶﲻɫĲ˲Ȼһ룬 ԱߵıӾͱƿһ˲
Ҵ˸˯¡ֱ۱ţ ҲԱǼ°͸ռˣ Ȼ˸صĸ
ţ 봩ʹҶһ ǿԼһҪ侲
ߵȻ侲 أʲôѹ棬 ǰһ һžƯôͻȻ
ᡭ˴Ϲ΢ü̧ϸƯǰ˻Σ һί
ˣҶӷ·ըһ㣬ԭҪĻٴŵӰһԺһ飬侲ȥֲԾ˼֡
ƫƫͷҶ˼ĿЩƵתƻ⣺һҪϿˡ
ıˣ˯Ȼ˳Ȼ˺ߵĻ⡣
ʵΪ˵δأΪһ֪ϱûгֹôһݾͱ¶ˡ
оȷĸʱģһʼѾˣʲôʱ
һʼǴĳֵһֱãǸ󣬱ϲ
һʼ͹ȷϵ֮󣿻֮ǰ鷳ˣܽ𣿻Ȼ֪ⶼͬһˣЩ⣬Ͼͬһڲͬľһ
ϲһֱ±壬ǰǧͷأ
Ҷﱻһϵеĥһ磬Բ²Ժľͳģѹһʯһ
ɾڸոϴʱͻȻҲͻˣΪʱ忴һ
ȻƽʱΪ˼֣̺ȴһģһġ
Ҷ²⣬Ӧ͹ˡ
ǸոʶûãѾˡ
Ҷ˼Ʈţûע⵽Ȼѿɫ
ϿΣв
ҪϿˣҲҪ˷ſˣſȥӴһУȻҲᱻŸ˰ɡϾ顣
ҫ۵ĵƹԭɫȻò԰
ʵÿӽ˶бĿģΪҶӽҲһġ
һʱദûʧʲô붼û䡣
Դ磬ÿһ춼ĺܲʵججûĿûж˰ڲһûľżһ
֪ԼΪʲôǲϱôģһ֪ΪԹ죬ֻϱǰȫۼˣȫ
ҪҪֽǵ֮ܰġ
һۿʼΪҶڣһжı䣬ϱӲֹһȴĪİ
ʶĿݶԼҶŻȻʵģҲʵģǶ̤̤ʵʵĻţǼٵһ
Ȼһֱ粢磬иڣԸֵ統һϲ
֪Ҷ϶кܶܣ𴩣ϣǸܺйأΪĻǲǾͲ뿪ˣ
˶㶳ԼҶ﷢ԼֱЩʹȻعȻͿĲ֪ʲô۵ֱָϵ⡣
ȿȣҶȻǰ˾ͻˣȻϻЩãǹ˲ȴʧˣеɵıˡ
ȻʲôֻǱѣãɢȥָֻϰԴЦģҶָΪ˻ơ
ͷܵĿҶļϣͷڵٰɡ

Ҷô֤Լһ뿪嶼ΪֱһҶڵļ١
ŵѯҲֻ˵ҶϼҰ£ûϼźŲãֻæ١
Ҷôڼһ죬ǴӺҩҲˡ
ֱˣӱúõİװһһ㶼ĥˣǰֱۻ顣
˵û˻أתۣıˡ
ҶֱһǱͰĲǺܽӾʹϻȥˡ
Сôɣⲻ൱ڸ
ֽӷϣҶһֱۺֻ߽üˣҲ֪巢ȥƵĶǸᱻдʲô̷
ֻմ򿪾˷ϢҶü㿪Ϣһԭŷġ
ﻰⶼҶôôˣôʱļ٣ȥʲôطϼһźŶû𣿵ȵȡ
ǲʲôˣϾҶˣҪȥʲôϼҾԲ鷳˰æٵġ
ȥϼˣӿ϶һȥġ
ָĻţҶ﷢ȥ˼Ϣ
û£ģҲʡϾʵĶ̫ΪˣʰԵ١
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Ǳ̬ԺԺͱˣڵУҪǲǰУŰСﶼЩ˶̡ܲ
ڰܣûҲû˵ˣ౻죬˶Ҫųˡ
ѧУ̳˷һƵȥ̬ΪA󶼴ˣѧУûüƵϣ⼸춼ýѧУſڣҪ顣
ѧͷѧУı̬ʾAܳѧ˵ѧУ쵼һ˸ᣬǸ̬ƻᱻѧ
Ž򵥵ĸҶ˵һ£һеǸҶ²İ˾Ųʮֻǡ
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ûѽʲô
ˣУ
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ǸƵųİɣŵģʵ
⣬Ҷʱ˿Ҷûע屻ܵԭ
ʵһʣϱǸ㶯ֻ嶯֣
ͦҶɨŷϢ
أҶ﷢˸ζĴ𰸡
ţ
ЦЦҶϢ죬ܡ
˽һЩҶע˸˺ŵAУ԰̳
δѧ˵Щ㹻ǿˣȻоǲš
ϾôֻڵӵӰС˵Żᷢġ
ı̬Ѻܶ˶ŵĲУǸƵҲ߸߶ϷȶǴȣ
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һȦַ̬ЩͬСģ֮⵹һûС
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ȥһ£Ҷ֪ΪʲôҶ壬ΪƵûӰ
Ҳ֪ôģôһƵҶﶼֻϵĸ㡣
Ҫ֪ƵĵģΪ̬ԵݹҪصء
ĻҪ֪ŰɱСһ˵ǲܻεġ
ԲŻֱӽƵȥôһΣҲùȥ



78 
Ӱ
AѧԺ
¿ʱ䣬 һȺ˾һʲô飬϶˷ŭɫ
ż뵽۵У ߵİ˼ͱˡ
صλ յСĵ壬㽫Ƶųȥȷģ
绰˵Ǹ̬ܲᱻ̣ ҪƵȥ ֹš
ϾоƵų˿ˡ
۵жû˻Ҫȥԡ
Ȼ֪Ǹ̬ûۼŰɱС
Ҳ϶Сèȭ߰ˣ ŰŰɱȻһ֮ȴһ
Ƶԭ ûüƵ
ϴѧĴѧܻ֮ģ ϹȻɶ񣬵ҲûҪܵøһ˿ĹĻᡣ
ȻڿƵǰ뷨 ڿƵ ԼЩʲôȫջˣ޲Ͼʹʧ
ЩѪܵĳһֱԺ֮ȥ ҲΪԼ֮ǰȻΪı̬еѡ
˵ͷʱˣ ֻ˶֪У ˺õĳͷʽ
ţ˵ɻװģˣ ߵЩѾȻһ֪ˣ Ϊֻǲ˵ ʵ˻أ
ڹƲˣ ѧУ˵Ҫѧ ô ҹƶ֪Ǹ̬ˣԺǲ̫ù
⻹ֻǿʼء年˹ϿʱƵĽıʼǱóڿҪõĿα

ҶЩƣϵͳǸٱˣҲյ˵Ǹı˵ˣԭѾҩȻµġ
ٴֽŷҶﱻ尲ɳӰ˿ļ⿴Ļʵᡣ
ȻǺܿĵģŵӰЦǶû
ҶƲһۿԼЦһЩȴƲ۾
εʱȻˣʹȨУ
ƲۣȻΪǵһμôʻЦŵˡ
ĴЦһǵģûʲôյģĸоžͺңʻƯ᲻ýߴŲ
ܶЦݣܺÿҲϲֻЦݲһ
Ϊ壬ú㣬Ҳ뽫ЦҪһֱ¶Цݡ
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ҶﲻĽߴƿ˳ֱۿȥǲѾĸЦƬƬֻΪЦǱʣ̿
Ҵɨһۺջߣһ۾΢βһĵ˵ңôЦôģţ
Ҳ֪粻ܺЦ𣿡廰дЦĵ۾ʼնûӾ޴Ļջ
˼Ҷô㻹ЦǲСҶͷСԴ
һڰĿĻ˹ֻ΢΢ͷϵЦݵȥֻβµղЦжô⡣
ʱֻʣǰĵӰԴԴϵĴֵЧЦ̨ʡ
Ҷ￴嵭ȥЦʼΪԼŪˣ˵ͼ¶˸ǰһԹɵĲҷı顣
ͻȻúõձԼƻˣҶͻȻúǷꡣ
Ҫ˵Щʲôһ£ϵͻȻס
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СǸǴ󻵵𣿡գգ۾Ҽǵø翴ⲿӰʱЦıһ
ô֪ҿⲿӰ
⧲ķתҶ㶣һ죬ⲿӰڼ￴ģҹħŴҹӣǡʧߣͿˡ
ԭЦôڵ˶ˡ
ȵȡǵǴŶİɣҴҹģʱӦǷֿ˯ģΪʲôǸ廹û˯֪ڿⲿӰ
ѲЦô˳ˣ˵칦ܸһǽ֪ڿʲôӰ
ѵǵĽָ
ҶԽԽףҲø졣
ڶԷʱһ졣ҶﾪɲĿЦЦ͵
ľǳرһ˯ʱ򣬸һ㶯ˡ
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ڵӰڶԷʱҶԹŴҹķʲôӰһû˯á
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ţһ𿴣
ĽҶˣǱЩֵֹС˵ϴԵĲᣬָ칦ܡǻ룡ҶﰵԼ
մ΢ʹҶתۿǰЦӯӯˡ
绹ûشأСĻǴ󻵵𣿡岻֪ʱҶϣҫϣ˫ֻҶ⡣
»ָҫ۷ЦݣҶʶҪסֽˣֻܻ˻ԴҵСҡȻͷȥײǰǰĶͷ
ҲǣСǸСƭӡ
Ǵ󻵵岻ʾҲСͷȥײҶĴš
ѵôãҶﲻȤײһַײȥ˾ͷţһײңײ㣬Ĳֺ
ҶͶŽɵ֡
˵ˣ㻹ǸСɵӡҶ￴׵ĶͷϺȻһƬĺЩЦá
ҲŲǡצֻСèһҶĿ֡
ҶƫͷĳС֣ƫɤѵõĺЦ⣺֮Σ˵ʾԵƳԼֽʾ
뵽ʾȴ۾˷˼֡
ŶǶ˵ġһԾԾԣʼ޹˼ɵĳҶﶯֶţ
Ҷ޶˱Щһˣ˼
ץסʱֻƵͨһһ뻹ҫֱӱѹɳϡ
硭硭ƵҶ´϶ġ
һֻ۵ĸ첲һ˳Ųһë׵Դ
ڴڵĴ˵ƻһۡ
ҶЩԼһѹؼˡ
Ŭķ˸ҲҶӵ½˳ſҶؿ΢ź촽Ϣš
ǸҶǸεĵֻܿһںԲС
ҡҡͷӦҶ￴˫ֳɳֱӸҶ档
ҶǺģˣǸȴͻȻһ¡
磬㡣ӱøСèһ˺ͻȻ
ҶֱͫӷŴ˼֣Ĵһ֣ȻһʱȻ
ҲûҪõҶ׿ϣ˵һֱӸȥ
Сһ˱ҧҶ촽ʲôһ
ҶƬ̺ʶĿʼӦľҵһĸо˱ǹһĴ꣬ԽԽء
Ѿ˹͵ĵӰھҾְķţֵűڸһЩʱּ
ɳϵĺɫңɳΧһֻ޳ֱһջġͨһɳϵ˺ë̺ϡ
΢΢Ŀ˼º
ֻһյƵĵƹ⣬Ӱ΢ΣĵĹ˲۽ڶɳϣӰܵĽһղ



79 쳣
Ҷ
죬 ҶٴɵĽԽԽܵӽ⿪ȥϿˣһˡ
ֻŵļϢҶеĴӷóһ۵Ρ
η̨＾ܵůʵ⣬ ̬һʡ
ԱټһЩĲˮ ͸ζˣҶ˫ֱͷϣ Щõš
̫ů Щ˯ һߵְֻȫûоŵ˰֡
-ˡ
죬 Ҷ۾ 
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ߵűߴè۴⿴ ҶͼһϤ
Ҷ΢΢۾ Ѹתʲô߰ȫսŴ󲽹ȥš
磬 ôˣҶȵĵܲôӭС
Ҷɨһۣ ̬ŵڿ£ ΢ת ɫԹδغõķ䣬 һϸ׵ͷͷ֡
磬 ˮҶｫһƫɫĥɰʸеˮݸҶ⻹صΪ׼ıأ ˡ
Ҷӹ΢΢ͷлл
˺ˮ ҶҲԱ ͻȻõԭ
кֱӹģ϶Ǻܼɡ
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𣿡Ҷ̧㶵տҲһɳϷƬ̨
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šҶӦ˸ƵʵİɣûΣ
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٣ģҶ˫ֱֽ۴ڴ΢΢ǰ㣬һ˫纮̶ֱĿȥ
ҶﱻҶӿƸˡ
Ѳ緢ʲô쳣ˣ
ûҶҪô˵ǰͻȻһɫŷֽŹĹĵģӦװŶ
ҶɻߣҶɫ΢°ͣ
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˷ֺҶŵӺлҾһֱǸûоͬҲϣҵĵܵܵκ˺
ҶｫƬ÷һߣʵ˵֪ЩƬĻһỊ̇ܲѾֻ֪áɵƯ
ҶҶûԼеľȣʱüһƬҶǰ˵㣺ӣ㻹ΪʲôС𣿡
ҶƳһۣƬպ庬ЦŰС̵ֱϱȻĻ档
ϿŵҪˣһĲ԰ޱȡ
磬Ѿ֪ˡҶ￪ڵ
֪ˣҶȵҶǼȻ㶼֪ˣΪʲôҪ
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Ҷˣû뵽ҵͦʲôĵĵ˵ĹŶµˣǸ˲š
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üĿڵҶҶüͷʱɣϵˮһվ
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Ȼ˳ֻǸջѧУͱһýסֱʣòӳԺֱѧ˴ߣѧ
AѧֱӱԸ嶯ѧӳᣬûԸ˵ʰſڵʱˡ
ֱӱֵĴˣ˵Ҫߵʱֻȫѧ潫һ٣ҲԱɿһһ̬ծ
ȥ϶ùȥ
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˶ʮСʱֻҪٷ£һҪץؽη
ܵ˴ڵϿɣЩ֯ʾԼ˶š
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ΪģǶҲ⡣


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ΪֻԼʮʱ䡣
ʱ佥 ȴٳٲ
ҶֵȣʱָϾŵʱڵȲˡ
ɿһܳӽ⿪Ҷŵ绰ͳȥ
˵ˣʲôʱߵģǷֿˣҶһߴһֻ߳ ͻȻĿһ١
˰ ¿ˣôˣûȥ𣿡ߴ ҶȴþûлشĻ
ιҶ ιཡͻȻֹ ҶĽֻӣ ĿſűǽԵˡ
ôȥҶü ŶűǽСèһԼһŵ塣
ʱ崩һɵװɫĳΪŵԵʣ·ɱɢЩ ¶ǾƯǣ ǵϷһƯʧȴʲô鶼ûУ ĿҲտյĿǰ֪ʲô
˶ԵľľģһûƯľżһ
ҶͻȻһ㱣 ǰʲô棬 ĸǰغһ ˻ ȥ̽ʱ ǻ㱵ĸоʧˣֻһļº͵ɬ
ĪĺͻȻ ͻȻҶЩ޴룬 üͷĸˣ ŵӲȵĻ˻Ρ
ҶĶĴԭľľ΢΢ͷãĿ˿Եֱۣ۾Ⱦɫʡ
磿һϵãҲ׵ɢȥƯһ˲ʻͻȻһ
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ͷҶЦһǵһ֪ԭ־Ȼиһĺ塣


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ҶԽȡԽʹӡˡ࣬Ӳ񫣬ֱ˸ӣߵЦʵҲԽСױϱҼװġ
ȡһǳƣҸоҶͷĶͷʵôϲһ
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ˣҲҪȥˡҶܾ
㡣ֺسҪ뿪ȴҶֹˣ㲻ǺȻȥϢɡ
ֺسŲһ٣ҲټҪҶˡ
Ҷ･ԶȥҹɫУֺس˹૵һ㶼û䰡ô
ͷ̧ڱᣬһϤζʱȿֺıǻ
ܺð϶Ǹ˵ζǡ˲İ

ҶڿŵʱѾµ·߼סˣ·ѾΧҲ·ƣߵĺܿ졣
ֻ·һС԰ʱŲ˶١
С԰Ŵ԰ֻ԰˵š
ˣĴҲʮ׵ľ롣
Ƕɻ԰ĻȴǺܺã̺һ˾š
ҶﲢǱЩƯʻǱΧľ𾪵ˡ
طһֺϤϤĸоܶһ
ǵһ
Ų㱣վ˰СʱҶǻص˼С
ʱѾʮˣ廹û˯ɳϿӰ
ӴûˣҶﻹͦģڼԺͰǹĪֵϤӵһˡ
һˣҶһѱס壬ĺҲڱסԺ󻺻ɢˣֻůů¡
ҲֻرסҶԭΪ˳ٳٲĲ˲ʧˡ
Ҫ˵ʲôҶȥˣȴȻŵһİϤζ
ɫһֱӽҶƿˡ
ҶһĲˤס岻ʵôˣ
̫ܲ˰ɣ
ɴӸոյıҲΪ
ҶЩͷԣȻƿߵ˵˵ζ
֪ΪʲôдͻȻðһʣ
ˮζ

ȻҶû죬Բܴܴ


88 һϴ

Ҷû뵽ô˵ ֱ̧ڱᡣ
ʲôûŵ
ֻȥ˸ζҲӦǷ˵ζɣôȾ˵ζˣ
Ҷͣ ȴһ˹ ̧־Ҫϵ·
ȵȡҶҪֹ岻Ϊ ϵĶͣ ܿҶ׾ͱ˵ϣ ӲȥҶﴩĻҰɫ¡
ֻ²ѣ ż˫ȴûܽ¡
ȵȣ ˻Ҷͷ·컹סˣ ϲµʵܵĺܡ
ʹ˸ Ƚ˫ֽųҶסǰ˵ һ·Ϲɦ˵
屻ӵĻһʶķſתȥƾǸס
ô˻Ҷһ ɿĽסɳϡ
·Ħķ̵Ķ Ҷﰵ ԭװô ټЩֵֹĶ ˣֲʲôôɡ
̧ۿ֪ΪʲôͻȻס壬 Ҷ߹ȥҪס˺úõ̸̸ϴ˵ζ¡
ɻڣ һס֣ ԡ
ôˣҶͻȻֲõԤС
ϴ衣Լĵ˵ֹʼʩȥҶ·
ϴԣȳȥҶЩڵĵ
һϴ˵żѲҶ·תԼϵ·
ȵȵȡҶﰴסֹ֣ȥ
ҽͳȥ˸ûʲôԲ£ζҹǲСײ˲մģģҷģҶ͵
嶨˵ͷ㡣
ԣҶ˿Ҳ
Ȼһ룬ּ·
һ£Ѿ͹ˡҶɿĿס֡
ţһ͸һϴ衣Ĵ۾һ޹ĵ
Ҷ壬Ķڲ
ԡڡ
İҶϴ裬ϴһһ飬ҶԼҪϴƤŷŹ
ϴһɽԡףˮȫʸС
ָоȫë׶һů˲뿪
硭ͻȻôһ
ţҶЩơ
Ϊʲôң
˵Ҷ֣Լϸһ·£ǰʾζ
ڿҪԲʱҶȻ֣תַŵĲ
ٵȵȡ˵
Ϊ׷ȥһҲýӦȥ
ǣȴٳû˵
벻ͷˡ
Ŷϵ⣬ҶͷȥˣƵĽĿͣϡ
Ȼͷܺܺ죬ĵطҲӿһ⡣
ȻⲻǴɢȥģǴɢġ
ôˣҶӣڻˮнĶͷϣôô̡
Ҷﱻߵ¸ŵˡ
˲˻һˮûɣҶֱӽ˸ŵ˴ϣӸϡ
˷ºҶﴩϿӣȥҽҩ䣬Ÿնֱ۾ͱץסˡ
硭ԺֱӲ֡
Ҷ˼»ûܰ⻬ıȥõ㶫Һòã
ɴʱ˵ʲôֻһĺ硹
ҶҪĽ˺ʱͻȻŵһϤ㡣
ȻζûǰôŨĵȷȷŵˣҲ
ǡ
Ҷͷ壬֮ǰ̫û֣ϸһ˫ĿˮСģǸðֽ˷ˡ
ܡʱͻȻһĸˡ
һ˫СҶĿӣ˼ԡ
ҶЦһͷ⻬ļͷףãŸմϵĿӣֵˣ


89 ۼ
ѧ
 ûпΣ溮ХԽԽˣ·ϵ˶ࡣ
ҶһʸΧȹ ԶϻڷżѾõڵĲˡ
ͬʱ 崩ɿ˯վһǰ
˳죬 ¶һƬѩ׵ļ ѩ׵ļһϵĺۼ۲ѡ
忴ϵЩۼԽԽ˳ۣ ſ̲סЦ
һ㡣
ûгã̧ ƨɣ ΢΢ź۾žﱶ۰Լü
պʱҶŶ룬 ȻͿĳ˴ĳ Ȳſסƨɣһ޳Ⱦô¶ǰ
ϻһЩµĺۼ һһģڰ״ɰļϸԡ
Ȼ ⲻص㣬 صĳվھǰ ¶ƯԼƬ⡣
޵ݵǣ һƬϣ ĲĺۼҾü ƺЩġ
Ҷӣ ܲڡ
˳һû⣬ ĸĲĶ˸ˡ
ҪͷҶѳסˣܾȫݴˡ
˻ŽţȻůһ˽ŸðˣǾѰˡ
循ӱڿձ
ذ´δЬ´Ҷｫ˷ĴϣȥһЩ··ãȻԷˡ
극ҶȥһЩѪҩ
ǣһӡӣǵԼܿˡ
ϵǵѿһԲŪ˵Ľ
û뵽ŹһϣЩۼͶˣϵģӳǱͰ۵ƤŻֲֿģҲҶЩۡ
ֻҲ֪ôģҲϵĺۼ⣬ȴҶҩҶƭŵôӦҩ
һ֮ôӦҩˣ˵úۼԼɢ
ҶΣֻð¸ſˡ
ʱУ԰Ŀγ̻βˣЩ༶ٶȿһĶѾڸϰˡ
ʮµĺҪҶ·˰ʵʵֻ¶һ˫Ĵ۾ŷ
͵ѧԺѧ¥ԺҶŻصԼľùѧԺ
Щӿž͹Ĳһϲɫ˵࣬Խˡ
ҶҵʱÿͼŮ죬Ȼġ
ֻ߹ȥʱиŮȻɢˡ
Ҷ磬һҵһɢˡŹĵ
𣿵¿ȥ˵˵ܼáҶײײţƽȥԼ档
Ҷ磬ҿЦģʵҵģģûŮѡŸϽ
ôصģҶһۡ
˵ҶѾϲˣϲǸˣƯĺܣ˸ܺãһҵͽ飡żüŪ۵ĵ
ԣҶԭ΢΢Ĵ˲ѹȥſαҲ΢ɲĶ˶١
ôҶ磬ѵ˵ʲô𣿡ŻǺģܿͲҶ
Ҷ򿪿αһۣû£Ͽˣأ
ʦˣŵϻտҲ
ԲۣˣҶ磬ҿһ롭ǵͷ˷ԼžͳҶװ
´˳ԼҲˡҶôһͰ鱾ݹȥ
ӣҶϿʵȴڷ
鰡壬
Ҫؼҵġ
Ҷʶĸָ¶㱡
¿κҶȥ壬ȴþõȲˡ
Ҳ˹һֻ˵ȥˣ˵ѧӵҽѧѧ˫ʿѧλرᣬ28ꡣ
Ҷ̾Ҳ
ʮӺҶ￴Ŷһ˻Щɻ
أʡ
屻ǸѧˣǺʶߵԱ߶ҶֻˣȻ㱨ƽ
ԣҶЩΣѹ巢Ϣ绰û˻û˽أԭǴֻˡ
ǸСĹ
Ҳѹ֣ŵʱһֱҪף˵ʲôϵĺۼҪʧˣȥ
ҶЦһҪ˸ַ˹ȥ
ҹȥʱԶԶͿվһԱߣ˴һ׵ľ롣
ΪԶǸ˵ֻԼƼ˴һɫ£޳
Ҷû߹ȥվԭԶԶǡ
ʱĵɻԴʼ˾ûֿʮСʱĽҲ˽һѧôʶģ
̸ܽôã˵֮ǰȷʵʶġ
Ҷʵ彻ѣʱֻΧһת᲻̫ˣӦӦøܼѣܸЩѳתת᲻һʽ
ֻǲŸտڣͱܾˣǲˣˡ
ҶԼԩȻ֪岻ϲԺҲûཻˡ
ԴʱԶǸͻȻðģ˵ʶѧ˻ôãҶﲻúǹ졣
ˣҶﰵ
ûãԶ˾ͷֿˣǽ̸ˡ
Ҷ￴ƺҪһȥʹӴ̳˳
塣ԶԶĽһ
ԶתޱȻųϲĹâ
磡СڵһСųҶﻳ
Ҷﱧ˱ײĺסӺͷ䲻䣿
䡣ҡҡͷ˵ǣҶֱ֣ҵĻ䡣
Ҷ̲סʧЦֵȷĻ䣬ΪϲַŽڴһֱ洵磬Ȼȵȥ
֡˵žҶַŽ¿ڴ
ʱպм߹ҶԱ߿ס˿ɵĶ
˿Ҳֻ΢һѡ
ҴģһȡůЦ٣Ҳ˻ɡ
ȥʲôҶһһʵ
ŹЦЦڿڴֲֵĹҶָ
Ҷɫ䣬ֱӷջȥˡ
ˣǸѧ˭˵ʶô֪ȻʶôѧҶζʵ
ϵЦգָҶ﷢ǰһĨЦֻЦҹɫԵø١
ȥҽԺʱʶģǸҽԺҽ˵仰͵
ͦɰҶЦ
ҽԺʶһҽѣȻAҵģôͻ˫ʿѧλ
ǰͷ۵һƬɫ
̫ˡ
˼粢ż̬ܵĳУȥֱµĵطһůСռֻͬ޳Ưֽľһ
һڵӰпһŹͺͺĴϣۿԶȥΪıӰ˿ߵ۾·Ƶתһ׹⡣
Ȼ˽ȵˣ



90 
ּ
ʮѮʱ ԭA̳ٴȳ̶ȿȵ¼
ε֣϶
ϵѧ ֹٴŰС
һʱ ĵĳª˦ලԱ ٴγ˶¶Լɭ ȴץ
һʼд ӦҪȥΣɲ֪˭ģ ˵о񼲲 ҽԺ⣬оļ
ԭΣ ˱Ժ
ҶＸ˵Ժſڵʱ ûžͼһĴʹһɫ˴ӲԺܳżĸߴĻ
ûв ûв˴ţƴҪǼѹĻѿ
Ƕ˵ һͳһͲ׼ݵĶ˵ֱȥ
ûһǸݵȥ ʱһԷ˹
ܣ ܣ в͸Σ ۵ĶǶԷһŮľͿʼֵģ еֱ˽ţ һ߻һŭ
ǻˡ
˴ߺ ǶԷ޲ûߡ
˿ŻԶȥ͵
ȥЩԥЩη塣
ݣʲô˼ѵҪһεĶ𣿿СҪˣĵλݲһεĸ磡Ů鼤ĵ
ãȥкⱲˡһҧ
˴ҴȥıӰҶվԭسĬá
úҶ߰ɡ
ҲǲĶѣڿҲˣҲ뿪ˡ
ʮ¶ʮĺƽҹAѧٰһױᡣ
˵ʵҲᣬѸ˴һ˵׼ĦײȵĻ𻨣ɾһμѻ
˵Ժȥ㵽뺯صĵݸҶʱҶﻹΪʲô˵Ķһ֪Ǹ뺯
˼𣿡Ҷ뺯ü
ԭѧʱҶҲյ뺯ź̬ȥԺûþͻˡ
ԭϣ˺ܶӵ˵ܳ·ʱ᲻Сײ˻ǱײŮŮŸɫױŸߣŸʽ·ȫֲ˭˭˭˭
̫˼ˣҶȥ壬͵ȥ棬ְŵ
˵ɡҶｫ뺯ָһԡ
ʵҶǲȥģȥμʲôᣬϲ˵ȥӰְʲôġ
ֻû뵽żԼ㲻Ҷȥ㶨壬Ҳ֪ô˵ģȻ˵ͬˡ
嶼ͬˣҶﲻܲͬ⡣
Ǽ˾ʣµʱ俪ʼ׼μװ硣
Ҷкܶ࣬ҲģװҶЩò⡣
ҶһƯµ߸оԼѡ֢
ԭÿһ߶ܺÿܾᡣ
Լѡһ¿ɰ̬İèߣİɫװ䡣
ѡ˰èҶԥѡ˺èպľǺɫ߶װҲ䡣
èͰè˼ɫʣҶϲûԵɷøˡ
ſŴߺĪҶ̲סԲһ
˺˵ĲȻֲ˵ģ˧˧ϲ£ȡ
һ·ŶڸҶ˵ҪŴԺܵǰҪޣȴķҶűȽ˧
Ž»Ҷ͹Ĳֱӽ˸ˣԻҪúý̽ȷۡ
ɡҶ￴ԶȥıӰ۵
ЦЦȷʵе㡣
պãھʣˡҶĿȥվԱߣ˴һߵײһһȣһ΢䡣
ָһͽҶļָУԱ߿˿ַŽϵĿڴ
΢Ĵ˲Ⱦ¶ȣһһĻš
ҶЦЦڴĴֶ˶ΪǱСһЩְסš
AٰĻױ˺ܶ࣬бУĻһЩУģһЩʦС
Ϊ˱ӣʦϴãֺ뿪ˡ
ҶǵʱѾߵˣͿʼˣ֡
ÿ˵϶һߣݣŮŮŸɾ壬ǻһ죬ǶžƱӯķһˡ
ҶＸ˽ʱһЩɧϾпе̫ۣ˵˧һ˧
οǴŵ߶Ǿϸѡģʧɫַܸ˵ʡ
źһؾǼ⣬ܵĸ졣
ҶɨΧ嵽˱Ͻٵĵطվ
Щ˷ߣҶ΢΢ͷ壺벻Ե⣿
롣ԥĵ˵ͷ
Ҷﹴ˹˲עɿСɿɰĶ
һ
˲ڸסβɿĸֳһĨ죬ҲԽˮ˼֡
̧ʪһֱ׷ҶȺ֮УˮȾԽԵˡ
߶ֵסˮ
ߵԥҪǰ̸һ޳Ӱȴһ˹ȥ
壬ּˡ
˴һɫߣһɫǻЦ⣬˵Ƿ񣬺һŵʿ
۲תһɿ۵һۣͳ˸ƽֲʧòЦ⡣
ҽ



91 ͵
ҶﴩȺУ ߵʳƷվ
ʳƷϵʳܶ࣬һ֪ѧѪģḻʳ;ˮ Щȥѧѧˡ
˼Ưζĵ⣬ ҶҪȥʱӭȴײһˡ
ֻ̧סĵ⣬ Ҷ΢΢̧ۣ ͼ˴һɫߣ һװɫװ
Ҷ˲ȷĵ
ǣҶ￴ǰˣ ܶ죬 ȴ벻˭
ǰ׿ǰˣһɫ߶װͦθߴ ܿž˰ģ һèߣµޱȣ Ƿ촽ܱʱ΢һĸо
òһˣ ϰס صʡ
ͦθߴĸǸѹȸУ һ˫ͦ޳Ĵȱװ ôվŶԺԵԸζС
Ҫ˵ȫʲôطԵͻأ ǿܾ϶ŵľ¿ɰСˡ
ǰײΪСҶԼҪԵģЦһ ˲Ǹ ײˣ ټ
ֱͦûٿҶһֱۣ뿪ˡ
ЩģϲǾ㹻ˣܲڶԷһ˿ۼѾҪˡ
ҶüԶȥúŶ˶ӣ෴ķȥ
ô˶ֲȥοСҪ塣
СĵıܹҪײˣҶһ·Ժüκһˣֻ΢ĽӴС
ϴεĽѵĿɲŵϴ˵ζ
˵żһδ׻ͦɰģĻҪһϴˡǿɲУԿԽԽˡ
ŵȥʱҶպÿһ˴߿Ӱ졣
Ⱥܾ˰ɡҶŵ߹ȥĵ
áҡҡͷ
ҶЦЦеĵݹȥӦûϲ
΢ӹ⣺лл硣
ҶССڵĳŵ⣬۾΢΢𣬸߶ֿܸܵϲúҸ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôԵĶͻ¶ҸģҶôžȻԼ鶼ࡣ
ԺԶ׼һЩһЩǹϡ
ˣոǸǣҶԵĿģɫһ˲ʵ
嶯һ٣һ߳ŵһߵǸѧ
Ҷüôôﶼˣ
磬ҲԡҶȥ;ĵݸҶһ˫۾Ҫڴ
Ҷͷ˿Ǿ¿ɰɢϢĵ⣬Ķһ򲻵Ļġ
鵰⣬Ȼŵ޳۵ָ
Ҷָ̫ƫͷһ߸ǲĵطһź촽΢΢
ϲעţ˲á
Ҷ°߷ŵϣЦһҲ
֪ҶﲻϲĶҲǿԼһССڵĳš
ƺ˰ȻȻ˿ʼƴ裬һһΧ˹ȥ
ҧһڵ⣬ܱߵ˶뿿ȥʶҶҲҪ߹ȥ
ʱԭĵƹͻȻϨ𣬺ڰ
΢΢һҶֽ˽
ҪҶԱ߿һϤϢȴһϵ߱£°ͱȳһȵǡ
ǱһúԽԽˣͬʱͷЩΣֽŷЩòס⡣
𡣡ػһ㣬ĺţΪƹϨóֵĻһͳĺЦ˶ӵһϤůĻС
ҶŰ˷ſź½߸˴ϡ
ոսõͬʱ
Ϩ⼸ӣרΪ͵һ
֪ǲΪΧ˶ܵȥˣҶ廹վΧĿܴźֱ˹
ԭⰡһǺþãǾȻģ
ҶһۣҪ˵ȴˡ
壬ôô찡߳һ棬Ѳǡ
ʲôĶ
Ļû˵ͱס졣
ͻȻСȥ˼ţȹȥ˰ЦЦ˵ֱӽˡ
ҶԺЦЦе졣
촽ܺ죬˫۾ˮ⣬Ҷﶼܲ뵽۽ǿ϶Ҳø죬ѩ÷һƯֶˡ
һͷָ̧촽ҶΪǺˣҪǰ壬ͼĬĽʣµĵ¡
ǰһҶЯŵ𻺻żյҶĵǸ벻ø졭



92 ʥ
ұ
ƽҹ֮ʥڣ ŵѰ˸ʥparty˼ưɣ˵֣кܶȥ
Ŵ绰ʱ Ҷܾˣ ֳ̫֡
˶ʹҲȽ϶࣬ ߻ӵĸAǸȫһ
Ϊľư ɲֻһ˵⣬ ʱ򼸲ѧʿеƦå̫ˣ ȫ
ŵ֪ҶĹԺҲȥˣ Ц˵ɴĸ˴պŹˡ
Ҷ˵һ¡
ŵĵ绰ԺҶָҶ˸绰磬ҪһԷ𣿡
ҽ׮Ҫ̸鲻绰Ҷ͸Щƣ
У 磬 ע塣Ҷ̲ס
áҶӦ£Ҹ׼ʥ Ѿ͹ȥˡ
á
ţĿġ
Ҷϵ绰Ժûã Ҷˡ
Ҫȥţ һȴһŴˡ
磬 Ķ𣿡屧װµ߽
ǣ ǸǵʥҶӹ Щֲÿ屧ŸоЩ
Ҷ͵İ ˣ ҪҪҶһԷ Ҳ׼ˡ屧Ҷֱʵ
˵Ҫ̸ˡҶ
ǺðɡҶһɳϣճҶļϣڼԷǳȥأ
ȥɣҲ˵ҪһڣһЩȥ֮ǰȥ˾һˣ㲻˵ҪҶ𣿡ҶЦЦԴš
ȥһ˹˾ԺҶʹȥź⣬˻ཻԺѡһΪڵĴ˹ݳԷ
Թһ¾ȥӰӰѾǾŵˣޱȡ
ҵſڻһŸɫƹʥȥƯ
·һ㳡ʱ򣬿һطܶΧǻǺšˡ̾Ͳһ㡹žر֡
źⶼϲֵͣôһʹס˼˽ȥ
ҶһԿǣȫûҪȥ˼
ûãͳˣ鼤кҶǿǸ޵ϷѶǸϿɰˣһֻڰɫĴè
ڰɫĴèҶһ忴ȥȻͼƺžǶ˼⶯
ȥ𣿡Ҷʵ
ţ˵ͷ
Χųص˺ܶ࣬ҶɨڿһطиСȱڣ߹ȥҶｫȦԼļ˽ȥ
ǰͷ˸վͼһԲȦսŵڶԶһֻϴķۺ챪
ſȥ棬΢΢ţĿֱֱĶǸۺ챪
ֻݡһеĴԲȦͱˌȥ
ֻƵһۡǸԲȦֱȵڷۺ챪Ĳϡ
ϰļЦ£ŵĽӹۺ챪֮ݸԱߵ⡣
ţͶξͶˣ̫ˡ
ǰղиСͶʮζûͶУϰһС߸лĲ롣
иСһٿǮͶһʮǮСڹꡣ
Χ˽ŵĿдž̾
·ĻİˬװĲⶼЩݵĿ
ˬҪﻨʮǮѾòϵȦȦŻȥȻͼҶ߹
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ˬĽ߸ȦȦȫҶҶҲҪҸ˵ҪĻȵȻ١
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ϰЦάˣֱˡ
ԭҶ߸ȦǰͶȥÿȦͶˣ򵥵ĵѵǸһ߸
һºӦҶĲʺƨʲôҶţҶҵ񡹵ȵȡ
ЦеĳŽèϰϷúãϰؼ簡
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ֻҪϰ´εĶӼͷͺˣ㿴ôޣûؼҶֵġЦеģϰȥ߾Լȥһһļ˹
ϰһĿº˾̾ĽĿ±һ뿪ˡ
ԶЩü𣿡
Ҷڲȥ壬ҪڽͣѾһˣɩҸ˵ϰܿӣָ̯Ѿƭ˶أõϷһ˻ֻͶҲҶȻԻᱻӵʣ
ԭЩ˼
ҶЦЦѾҪˣҪôޣ˭Ҫ
˵Ҷ;ЩΣʱ廳ﱧһĴè⻳Ҳһͽϴķۺ챪ռˣʣµССżǱҶƽ̯ߡ
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һСŮʱֱӰСŮɵˡ
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ʹҪҪԺǾͿʼʶҼɰĺӽͳȥ
ʥڳŵСͦģûһ˻޾Ͷͳȥˡ
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ѵÿȵҶûסŤͷЦЦ
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СİְֶС粻ҪףΪֻܵ˲
СԥƬ̣Ҷ̺ĵԺ޸統ſ𣿡
ۡһԵ̲סˣֱӵЦ˳
ҶҲЩգСİְָۿɼľ
кӣôܼ޸ءСİְַ˷ȴȻĵȰš
ҪҾҪ޸磬Ҫ޸磬סСʼˣ
ְһҧ˵ֱͨӽС
˼ЦˡԸǸĵֱӽݵĿųҶֵСˡ
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ʥϲգգ۾ͻȻͶԽᷢ³ڴ
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ⰲĿռǴ̶ġ
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ѵǸ綩ģ
ʣš
𣿡ЦЦʵ
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͸ĻҪ˸˵ʥ֣ԲǸ͵ģ
屧Ż˵лͻص¡
ĿĮĴƬ̺ӻҵһźؿ
ͼ򵥵дšʥ֡ĸ֡
ѩµĺؿЦһ˵·
ƴΪ˿ǣżڽϸ쾪ϲ䲻⣬ޱ
ȻǸѧоġ
ϵʻߵ̨ϣҪӽͰʱȻʲô
˹½ʻŵϣֻ˼ƬԺźĽӵ
޺Ļ֮ĵűߣ忴ûһֱ̧ۣ
ҶϴʱͼɳϿӰƲ֡
Щ߹ȥһɳ温ȥĽϵĲϡ
ʥ廹ûӦʱҶͷա
̧ӣһ΢壬Բεеָ
΢΢һ֮󣬸պôʱҶɨһۣͼ˳ˣϸָϣֻʣһǳǳĺۼ
תŲϵҶ磬ǣ
ұһ衣



93 С

Ҷ︸ĸĶ Ҷ˵ҳߣȥ׷е룬 ȴն һ޷ĵСܻȥġ
Ϊ˻ȥһϹ죬 ȴһձУ ǵĵץߣ һľư
˷ɶţʱһö պͷϣ öһ߷ȴָպùһŮǰ ŵأ ָ߸߾ҶӢֱŮ˶һˡ
ŮǵϴŮ ҶӲûˣϴĳ һɳ첻ǡ
ûã ˾మˣ һк ӴҶϷǸ ܸ˴˺ҸҪɴұһһĴȥ
ֻǺþ Ҷʱ ҶҽҶлȥ ҶĸӦĸ˹ȥȻûҶĸͳȥˣҶֱܴ֮ӽҶˣ֮١
ֱҶ꣬һڵĳ֣Ҷ죬ٴ뿪ˡ
ֻҶôһ㹻ҶһǵĲƲ
ҶﵱȻȫ˵Ͼ⸱ĸĸĺúõģһ绹˻ѡ
ֻҶ˵ˣԺҵҪһˣͰͳȥ
֪ΪʱöҲˡ
ҵǸˣȻ֪ǸûδҶﻹҪö͸塣
һΣŲϵ壬¶㱡
û뵽öľȻ壬뵱ʹҶöǲϲ͵ģõ϶𰸺Դء
룬ǲӦá
Ȼ廹Щ죬ΪҶǰԶںĸĸϵǵĸȴɱֵôãǲ˼顣
ٶĹ춼ϲûˣ罫ö͸ǲǾʹųԺǲǻҪȢѽ
ôһ룬ʱЦۡ
ղϴģʱע⣬̵ߵԱ£Сʵôģˣ
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һߣŴ߽ңλϻ⽫ڽ⿪Щ¶ϵץۡ
ȻûץѵҶﻹǿץô¡
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Ҷｫƿ
ѽʲô˼˵İҿĲӣҶ̲סҾͲס˵ž˹ȥҪҶƿ
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֪ҶɻŽŵ֮ǰСһЩ߰ˣͿ˸СαװɾḻС磬Ȼ󡭺ٺ١˵ЦһڿҪʥڵʱҪô׼ϲȻҾ͸˵һЩë׵·֤ѻϲ
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ҡҶͻȻ֪˵ʲôȴĪԲһģ塣
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Сã岻֪ʲô΢˺죬Ͻֻתע֪Ϊʲôʹֻ
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Ҫ֪ЩɿɰԭֵĻԿԳΪʿ³衣
ҶΪԼʶѿڶĻе߳ܣΪҪСʱһԲԡ
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ҶûôӦ
Ȼͼ·ûֱ߽һͿķ䡣
·廹ûȫ߽ȥҶѵ
С
䣬͡项һŹˡ
֪ΪΣҶȻһ˿˿źɬ
ҡҡͷҶｫԺĪͷ˦һϴʱ忴ű󵨣ôԼһϴźأĸоˡ
ϴһߵĴ׼õ·
վھǰžԼĲУ䶼ҪѪһ
СòܳԣٵӦܡԡɡ
度ߵţⱾȥʥȻϵڣ̫Ӧˣ
ǲôһҪ罫ȫˣ
֪ΪʲôܾЩҸǼٵһ˶ãǸÿϱ˾ͻȥ
ż뷽跨ҪԼߣ˽ҶҶռӣһһ֮ġ
ȻܱɣҲܿɱ֪ԼڣԷҶôԸ⣬ֻҪ뿪ôʲôԸ⡣
һͷϣǿٿˡ
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ʱҶӣֻ죬һѽ̹
ιáǸİ룬Ҷòȴк
Ҳ֪˵ʲôҶﻩһվ
˵ʲôҸˣ



94 ռ
Դף
ϵҽԺʱѾˣ ҶҲ˹
绰ҶʱҲȥҽԺſڽӵҶ塣
ʲôҶһһʵ
Ҷܸսһᣬ˾ģ ײˣ ˾ܵ˱ҶܻأĿǰȻڻ֮У Ի̫嵽׷ʲô£ Ѿˡ
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Ҷҡҡͷãûʲô󰭡
Ҷ´Ҷ ɫ԰һ⿴Ż㾫ķ
磬𣿡Ҷʵ
ҶƿƤҶ䵭ҵĳǱרҵԱӹ̹ģ ÿγж飬 ϻúõĳ ɲʧˡ
Ҷܣ ⡭һԵ˲ʧɫ ˵Բǰ뿪ˣҲⲡϵһԱ
Ҷɨһۣ ֿҶʱ䣬 Ҫİ

˾ְĽͳ Ҷ˳
ʱҶŷӦԼòƺ壬һϵı嶼ĸһֱҶԾȻҲûע⵽塣
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Ҷͷ΢ᣬҲҪӹȥҲҪˣԺʣһЩʱȥΰɣ㲻˵ȥD𣿡

Ҷ˵ĺæżѧУϿκͻؼ˯⣬ʱڹ˾ȹġ
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һҶԼϳģ˭
ҲûֶǹԹԵĻش֮ǰǸѧ

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ôԣҶ⡣
ͷԲɰıǼ⣬Ҷĵԣ˯ɡ
˵ֽ§˼֣ӵµ˫Ҳľһܲɷ֡
˯Ҷ۾ãһ̾Ϣ
˵ʲôʵͻ֣ԭ˵Ķѡ
˹Ȼ˽̰ĵҲ⡣



95 ӿǰ

ڶһͽҶͳš
Լȥͺˣ һ㣬ϾҪˣڼҿ鸴ϰ֪𣿡Ҷͷ
áЦЦӦ
ͷҶﺬڴ ƺҪҶʲô
У ȥɣˣ 㻹˯Ҷûڴһ̧һʱ䣬 ϸոչߵ㣬 ˯ͦģҲΪ绹Ҫˡ
ʵƽϰʱûôģ ֻҶֹ˾ ЩļŪ鷳òǰȥ
ҽҪع鹫˾ˣ֮ǰϷҲˣ ʱŽˡ
Ҷô뿪˲Щʧ䣬 ͷЩƲ֣ʱĺææˡ
Ŷ ˡʱѾߵſڵͻȻ˻ ļһǡ
һ֣ ȴľ
һҶｫӵüĿ͡
ɫ һȥڼʻλϣ ɫĵְֻ
һֻǷںɫϵнš
Ҳһˡ޳ָɿĻ趯
ţ˭
֮ǰѧУǸѧ
ţá

վھǰ ŲϵĺЩΡ
˵˲ºۼû뵽Ҷﻹˡ
벻Ȼ˺һ棬 ź۴ĳӡֺֺЦš
һƳ ԱߵϤë׾ͽ뵽߷Χڣ һҲٴθԺС
Ȼûźѵüô˷ܵҶֵˡ
ϵҪϴϴȻֻǸսͼԭëֿɰĶȻЩˣԲβëҪˡ
룬֪˭Ľ
ȻѾٴˣҶˣ岢ûӵǽϴɾԺڹ㣬ղƷ
ͬʱſԶһЩëףСԹˣ´СèҲ
⻹ЩüĬĬʱ䣬ϰеĿζѾͣˣֻҪʱȥѧУԾˡ
ڿȫͲģΪϿԵе֪ʶˣӦӦûġ
ǻЩԼ׬Ǯܴʱ䡣
Ͼûиӣʵ̫Ȥˡ

Ҷﲢ֪ѾҪҹ׬ǮʱҶϻһϷ
磬Ҿ㻹ҪϢҪҶվҶԱߣУһ˫۾ﲢûжٹĵɫ
ʱˣѾõĲˣҲԻѧУˡҶһǰ˵Ҷʱͣ仹ϡ
ʱڿᣬеĻ˾ССĸ߹ȫڡ
ԭһʼҶԴܲõǿģȻҶŸոϴѧ˾ӴĲ࣬ҶϣҲԸܲõĵܵܡ
ϾҶ˵ҶڴɱԺỻأ
ң֮ǰҶͽҶҶֵܸܿ鲻Ҷ˵ҶҪ֪ܲûɲǡ
뵽һﶼ㰲ؼĹԹ˳Ҷ鿪ȥ
ʱҶȴͻȻˡ
ͷϵһĻԭϷҶȡλֻܸһվҶԱߡ
磬ѾûˣҲҪȥԶѣڹ˾廹ûȫãҴȹŹ˾ְҲ˵úϢҶ˵ŹڡϢϼ
ټĻҳţû˵׵Ҷϻһ˿Ĳ԰ף˿ϡ
Ҷﻰո£ڳһɫ
⿴ûĻǶȴһģֻǴҶ˾˭ûбֳֻ۹۱ǱǹģĬһƬ
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˲ԼͬĶ˶ӣͷĸˡ
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ֵ֮ǰѵܹǼٵİȻĺŸɲ̳ˣȨƵĺôô׷أ
һʱ֮䣬ҶҶ˸ͲϵϢѸҶﴫˡ
˵ҶҪλ֮ǰҶദΪ׼
˵ʵҶҶ֧ҶƹҶϣҶǱǸˣЩҶϴ಻׵սҲɲҶۡ
ֻ֮ǰҶﻹСԲŰҶʱҶ
Щڹ˾ﴫķзģбۣ˵ҶҪˣΪ˷Ҷλ
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Ҷ߹սǣϷŭıɢȥָΪƽƫƫͷһЩϤɫҴҵ뿪֪ҪϹˡ
³һҶ̧Ź˾ȥϷҲˣֻõԶˡ

ʲôģҪˣܼ˵Ĺ𣿡⾪ȵĵ
ȣȻ˵˸ļְҪϰ࣡
ûҪˣѧѧȻʦ˵ͲѣɿѧѧǵĹҿʾ֪ˣ⵽ѻǲѡ
⵱ͷ鲻ȥʲôְ
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ѧԵĸϰôܲҪ˭ܾ˭ɵ棡
ЦЦָ⳶ЩеûԺ͹Ҷ˵绰
ۿʱѾӽˣҲؼȥ
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ջģҵļְ
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뵽Ҷˣ岻ɼӿ˽Ųʱһгɿĳ徯ȥɲ֪ΪͻȻһӲĽǷɳ۶г

֪˭ȼǴ˷ľ
Сģ
֪˭˵ôһ仰ͱһק˻ȥصײһ˵ϡ
ûӦʱѾһż¼
壬û°ɣ˿ȥһĵǣѵõ˼Ц⡣
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ʱǸгҲΪǿɲˤڵϣһһֵģ³ݺһͷëһһεģѵһꡣ
廹û˵һҲѾ˵һߵıϷվ˳ѵеﳵô컹ײˣǿԱġ
ǻëСӹȻˣŲС˼Ժͻˡ
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ϷתҪ󿴵ʱ򣬳һ°͡
ѲһȦʲôҲûҵֽתǰЦЦлҽˡ
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ҡҡͷǱҽĻ˵ҪгײˣɣҽʱԷ͵ˡЦЦ
ȻϷЦ
Ǿô˵ˣҽòĳűϷͷ
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תŻëС뿪ķȥһ԰
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ϷĬĽһſӹȥǵЦ᣺뻹ԭǸлл㡣
´ֺһҪҰëСưɢȥϲſŸ͵гˡ
Ϸԭأӿڴóһ̳
ֻ̻û꣬һ˹ǳֹ̣
Ϸ㿴ƺ㶣ִ̰ӿڴóֽʣСص̰ŵڴº͵ĸǸ
ɫ࣬ڽͷˡ
ߺ󣬰ֹʲôôкҲǸ̹ôܵˡ
ͻȻʲô첽ߵһΪĲݵԣСлл㰡ҪҶ֪Ǳ߾Ȼ̡
ˣػ𡣡
󣬰ԶȥϸӰ̾ڵСҲ֪ôģһһÿ
صңֱӶϴ»Ȼ·ͽԡҡ
ϴ彫ӽͰһߴȥˡ
ʵҲӣһ뵽Ҷһһװ᲻ãֻܴϴԺ鶾ˡ
Ǹˣ˰Ҳýˡ
һߣҶųķʻȥ
һԵֻ˼ùһŴġ
Ҷ磬Ҳ鵽ˣ˽бϷ㣬
Żû˵ֻ꣬ﴫһ̶ɲ̫ʶĽֻԶЩ
ٽֻڶʱ绰ﴫһЩʧȴָƵ˵ʲô



96 Ϸ
Ҷɻ
һ죬 ɳϵ͵վһϲת磬 㡭
Ŀվſڵˣ ʣµġˡֱں˵
ʱ ˻߹  ã޴ּ˼֡
߹һͦĺɫװװ뿪ʱһģһ ɫæȥġ
ɳȴ̸ ˽һͷһ˿ͷʱȴҲѣ˿˿ƵĺڷֵĴڶһ࣬µѣ ü۴Ǳʲôһڳġ
Ĵϸܵһ⣬ ĿԴͬڶɢģ İҲֻš
Ҷﲻûע⵽ ֻҲûȥο üģ  һƣ
ɳϣ Աʱĵһˮ˶ٺҶֽӹ Ҳö
ɫĺ˿ˮ ҶﾡԼ ±ʱɫ࣬Ǹ칫˾æеˡ
硭ľŹȻȥˣʱɳϵҶ۵ۣĬĬߵɳ󷽣İѹҶ̫Ѩ
ҶĬĬỺİѹҲ֪ǲã΢ԴȻࡣ
ȻôһɣǸѧ˲ӿͷ
ôû뵽ǸѧȻǱϷ㣡
Ҷ΢촽С˵Ϸ˵̬ˡ
С˵ıϷǸĶŵҽ
ǵʼһƣʱǱ̬֮һϰܣص⡣
ʱΪƵҽϷ㡣
С˵Ϸһ飬˽ģƵ壬ʹ˸СֶΣһЩʾµʱ䣬ǶĲ԰Σտѡ
һʼ˶ûз⣬ֻ֪֮ǰܵ˺ѾǷֵʱѾ벻Ϸˡ
ʱϷȻŰԼ衢񡢽겻
ɴˣϷֺسҪ˴ߵҪ󣬿⵽ֺسǿҷԣʱֺسѽˣȫ뿪ߡ
ʱϼϣϷ˵ҵСҽѧʿɵֲѡ뿪
뿪Ժǳ׵ķˣԲСŰڿ˵Ҫҽ˺ۡ
һʼֺسûһ£ֱһؼҿԡҵѪŲԾ
һôһҲԼЦֺسദһʱ䣬ǲΪ˰ɱˡ
ǣҹҽԺԺֺسһҽܳһʱǶڽƣڼ伸ȫߣڿ˵벻ǣϷҲˣڼ֣Ǳֺسôòʵ
µû˵ǵƽֻд´ӴԺһֺسıͬǣȫĵ˾ͽˡ
ȫĺҶһֱϷ㵱ص󣬱ϾһŪĸֻһЩֵֶֹΣѱǲٴٿصУٴΰ
ҶڸȷϵԺξҲ˴̽λҽʱʱҲûʲôҶȫûд̽ʲôϢ
Ϊϵ¡ֺسһһʱ˸ˣĳ룬˾ȻѾǱôŷ֡
ҶҲɻ
Ҫ֪ģҾĹ۲죬⼸ûһ˿øв˵ơ
ΪʲôϷʱֵôأ˵̸ء
ҶﻹǵмͱϷ㣬һ̸˵ĵĲڶƽҹϣǸӰʱȻһʱϲ˭ºĥҲĥǾǱϷ㡣ͣȻһǳŸոջ
ΪʲôҪƵƵӴϷ㣿
Ҷ벻ףҪ۾ﻹ⣬ҪֱϷƻϲϱϷˡ
ϲΪʲô
Ҷɫ΢䣬֡



97 ᡱ
ˡ
ĲɵĳԹ Ҷڿ︴ϰΡ
ֻһ۾ܿ͸İʱžǱһʲôһ㿴ȥ
ɴͲˣȥϴ˸衣
ϴ ͼվ۰Ͱ͵
Ĳͷ Ҷ߹ȥװƣĵһ죬̫ˡ
ԣ 磬 Ұ㴵ͷ
ҶӦºϣһİͷ
˵ã Ҷۣ ƣ˼Щ˯
һߴͷһСĵĹ۲Ҷ״̬ﲻɻһĨۡ
ȴͣºҶȻ˰е Ҷ˵ʲôѾպ߹סĲӵҪҪϢˣ
ۣ 죿Ҷһ
ãȵң ȥϴ衣˵ŽҶſ˯¾ͽԡҡ
Ѿϵԡţ Ҷ΢
ոͻȻ뵽һӴϷԭ
ϲǲк
ٴθֳ ҶɻѾ⼸ˣ Ǵźǡ
ֻǣ Ϊʲôһʲô ѾҪİæ𣿻ж
Ҷ˼ţֱоڿˣ ź˿ˮ
ˮҪط䣬 һ
ΪԼֻˣ Ҷʶڴͷ˯ûпڴֻҲϣڷ
ǣ
ҶߵɳԣͼֻϣĻ΢
Ƭ̺ҶﻹȥһͼһϢ

򵥵Ҷ˲֪˷Ϣ˭ˡ
ȻԼ棬Ҷüֻ߽͸ŷ˸Ϣ

ڴϣϸůıӣֱһˣҶҪҪˣϰԵı˾˯ˡ
ȵ磬һݹ
Ҷͷֻܿ履ĶͷԲСɵıǼ⡣
ţڿְϰࡣ
ϰࣿ첻ҪȥϷСһȻ˵ʵ
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û뵽һҶġšһ
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ţһڼȷʵҲģЩҲҶ
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սһĹֺͼĻϷҶ۵ĲС
ϾͿԽˣʱˡҶ״һֻ˺һȷŵҶ
Ҳ࣬ӦǸ˲ŶԡҶҲ׽ϵһֻ˺µݸҶ
ĻľҶ࣬⹫˾ŽӴôѾú۶ȥˣҶȴӲļꡣ
ѧҵԺͽ빫˾ҲûúϢ
ţиᣬһȥɡҶ
áҶֱӴӦ֪ԺҶӦҪȥôҼ
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ҶĬĬƬӵļ࣬ΪͱϷġ
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ǸֱıǺɫģϵͼ۸ӿЩأһһССȦȦ˵ߡ
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⵹ǰһæȱݣļƻͺʵֶˡ
һߣҶհһʾҪͶ˸ߣϵֻ
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Ҷһ˲侲ָᶯһϢ
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98 ֣
ԡ𣿡
Ȼ֪嵽ʲô ŰæҶﻹǷĵġ
ջѧУ˸ԣҹĳ˱֤ԶԶģҶŰŵ˾ߡ
ʱ ȫעϷţ ˾Ǹ˹ȻͲסˣ棬 ȻӦԹ̸ ʾԸ֧ӹϡ
Ҷ˵Լѧûҵ 鲢ḻҲ⡣
Ҳǣ ḻ˾Ͳˡ
᲻һеҹǿ
ҶǸ˶¼ʱ͵ص㣬 ֮ת۾ʹ绰Ҷ˵
õ϶Ĵ𸴺Ŷȥˡ
ļˣҶ֪ҶϵĹȻû ǹ˾Ϲɶ
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ҶЦЩǣ ȴû뿪 ߵڣ̧á
ûžͱ˴ˣ Ҷ߽ȥ ӿڴóһ֧¼ʵ݌ȥ磬 ͽˡ
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ҶҲĽӹһ̫ˣû˵ôĻЦôù
ˡҶҶüЩ
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ԣ᲻ҪˡҶѵ
áҶӦš
ʱҲɡҶ
Ҷ㶣ӦЦЦãлл硣
ȥһϿɰɣӦûܸˡ

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⼸Ϣȷʵϰ࣬ĩԵʱѧУԣʱڿ
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ɡ
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ۿߵԱվҶɫʱȥ
Ҷϲŭǿɫ˶ܿʱܲˬ
粻˰ɣ忴Ҷ΢Щֲ̿ϾҶһֱҪϷԶԶġ
ڡյĵͷҪ߹ȥȴ˸סˡ
סǱϷ㣬ֻϷ΢΢ĵ£һģǸûᡣ
С벻ԶҶҲˡ
ʲôûᣬ
ҶͻȻ֮ǰ˵ıϷΪ壬Ȱ֣Ҫǵˡ
Ҷ˰һֹͰ˭Ϊʲôһ𣿡
ԣϷЦЦ˭ҪҪЩ£Ϊ֮ͬͿ⶯Źһ𣿲ʵԱ
Ź򣿱
ҶﶼҪЦˣɿűϷĵֿģֻĲ
˼Ҫҷ𣿡Ҷתѯ
ƺסˣþò˵ҶֻԼش𣺡νˣ㡣
˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
ҶתȥĿ־֣֪ΪʲôͻȻӣʶľҪ׷ȥֱסˡ
壬£㿴ⲻͽ𣿡˶ڲϷ㻹ΪҶ֮ᱨᰲοţͬʱһóѵЦ⡣
˭˵ˣһñϷϵЦݽסˡ
ŵĿȻñˣԭ˵Ļֱӿ˲˵
ݺݵĹ˱Ϸһۣ۵ޱȡ
ҪˡҪ˸Ҳ˵Ļ
ĲҪ𣿸ĲҪ
ǿסӣž޴Ŀ־峯Ҷ뿪ķ׷ȥ
ȱϷӾ޴ıлعʱѾӰˡ
뵽ոǸһݵ˵šˣϷҲάԼϵЦ⡣
ӿڴͳһ̵ȼޱš
ԭΪһֻСû뵽ͷӣǿϧôƯĹͷˣı˸ˡ
˻Ҫϸֺã

ԭĵ·أҶڳĳ˳졣
Ȼ֪ҪģϣҲķֻ֣ϷѣҶﻹǾúܲڡ
Ҳ֪ϲ⣬Ͼӵģȫûȸ
Ӧû԰ɣҶüţؼҪúôԭˡ
ѵֻиƻܽеȥ
ҶüСƭһ쵽ǵģ˵ˣҪ֣ߣȥͷСƭӸϴӰɣ
ϴҶ;ˣӷɲҰڱ̬ߣҪ͵͵š
ɻҶｫӿͼսǴŻۿܹͨš
Ҷѳֲס򿪳ȥˣСƭݼҲ̫˰ɣѲǱϷ㻹Ѿˣ
Ҷｫ򿪣ⰴһע
һ˹
硭һίۿתǼͨͨģſǻҪҷ㲻Ҫ𣿡
Ҷһȴװӣ㻹׷ʲô
ǸϷأôûˣҶﲻҿʱԼ̲סݲĻļƻֻܽ߷ΧתͼҵϷ㡣
硭ҲҪ֣ͻȻץסҶڷϵ֣ץŲţۿתžһҶֱϡ
µȶȿҶȴԼ̵ֱˣʶȴ߬ĸˣҶﶼЩۡ
ǰ۾ǿִҶȴЩ¡
ǣݼôã˵͵ôе㲻Ծ
ҶǿԵ̽ԵʵǸϷ㡭
Ҹûϵ巴Ӧĵ磬ĻԶԶģԼҵģҡҡ磬ҪңҲӦ֣
彫Ҷֱ۱ڻ۾ĴĿҶһһŵ˫Ư۾
ҶͻȻʶʲô¹ţú̧һֻԱţץһǰ
ԡ𣿡ֺֻҵЦЦ
ǻǱʲôסһ㶵ĿǰƯʺһİǣһĸҪٴνҶͷˡ
硭ãĿǰǣЩ㲻ʱ״Ϊȱ廹һ¡
ˣҶ۵̧СĵİᣬŴ򿪣ڻƵ˵ҰϴӰɣЬҲˡ


99 
ǡˡ
ԲʵֵĴԣ û뵽Ūɳ׾ΪҪ֣˸Ū˻ΪվĹֱӾͲˡ
ҶһϴЬһ̾ǡʱֻ Ŵĵ绰
˵Ҷͷֻڶͼм䡣
ţҶ磬 ûϰ࣡
ޣˣ ٻҰģ ǸˡҶһϴЬһߵ
ţõģ ϲذҪҺСȥ𣿡
ã أ ǸðˡҶͣ¶˵Щ顣
ţаɣһȥˣ ˣ ʲôҶڸأ
ϴЬҶﵭĵ ЩֱӰ򿪣ֻŵһԵļϡ
ϴЬЩƣҶ磬 Լˢ𣿺Ѹɵģ ȥϴЬæϴ רŵĺɻ
ن£ ҾϲԼϴû û¹ˡҶﲻͷĵ
ϣ ǧ⡣Ц
ҶЦ˼ Ҫѵ绰˾⴫һЩ
æֳɾܳȥ˷ͼ彫ӶƿˣҪ´
Ժ󣬾ͳ֡
Ҷ߹ȥԣðҪúõĸűӡ
ȫıӰסֻʣë׵Դ¶棬Ϊգģ۾Ϊ޹
ȻҶëȼɻЩף˿žǿġ
磬㲻ǻҪϰ𣿡ɳƵĵ
źúõ˱ҶˣͷҪһˣȴˡ
ҸðˣԶһ㡣ͷɳֳơ
Ҷ̾˿˱ˮһƿҩ
ϰˣϰˡ
Ҷһ˵һ߷ҩҩԺϢһ󣬿ҩЧ˯˹ȥ
ڼ䣬˭û졸֡¡
Ҷ飬ǲᡣ
һ˯ϣǳµҩͦõģʱϵĺ࣬Ҷó¼Ʋ¶ȣ¶Ҳ
ͷԵϷȺ࣬ʺϲպõ˳ˣҶｫ¼ٻʱͼڴߣССڵĳࡣ
ԭιҶԼˣ۷ȥҲһŵӵһ߸һԡ
Ҫ𣿡Ҷʵ
ҡҡͷˡ
ſҪ´Ҷֹˡ
Ϣ
ڴϽŻûµصҶıӰЩ
Ҷｫʰٻصʱͼпڴͷϲ֪ʲô
Ҷӣ뵽¾;úܲڣڴߣ뻹Ǿѻ˵
Ǹ졭䣬Ҫô˵ԵüȳϿֲʧλԲźۼĽͻķϷ
ˣϢһ¡
ûҶ֯ԣֱˣ
Ҷ졣
úϢ½ңҾڿҶЩɰͰ͵ĵ
Щûо˫֮ǰȻ˵ҶĽŴϣߵһӰƬһϲƬȴһ߿һ̾
֮䲻˵֣ҼˡûгֵͻȻ𣬾Ҷңˤˡ
ûϵͳҶЩʵ
ϵͳûлشҶԺ˼û˻أЪӰ
ⳡðڣΪҪˣںҹ
Ҷæҵǲιҩµģҹûô˯ˡ
һֱʱ²ŽȥڼҲ֪ʲôΣһֱҶֲţ˵ʲôҪ֡Ҫ뿪ҡҶչȥʱ򣬾ͼԭ۽ֱʪˡ
˵⵽һʲô飬Ҷ˶ʮ꣬һᵽʲôĻŲֹ
Ҳ֪Լ뷨̫ˣΪʱĸֻԽԽǳȴݸ鲻Ƕ廹Ƕ˵ֻġ
Ҫ뿪ŴʱڴϣϺºɫò԰׵ˣҶȫͲȥ롣

ʱѾˣ˶ֶַˡ
ŤͷͼտĶѵӴʱƣһ˫۾ﲼ˺Ѫ˿ڵﵴήҡ
š
ѾָЩ磬һû˯𣿡
Ҷﶨû
죬役ĵҪҶϴ
Ҷﶯ˶˳˴û¶һѱסˣͷҴʪȵľѴ
岻ڵĶ˶Щ죬Сĵ磬һûϴ衣
Ϊðڱųһĺ嶼֪Լʱģһ͸ˣҶﱧѲֻǳǳӡ
𶯣ҲûϴҶͳĵֽĸһЩôʱж⣬ŻϤζҪһֱȥ
еڶΡ
֪ӦһȥϴʱͻȻôһ仰
ʲôЩ¡
Ǹеڶˣұ֤ҶľѴ˫ִļϣһ档
ڷֵۣǼٵģҲٳֵڶˡ

Ҷľչˣĸð࣬ɫ̫ãӻЩûʲôˡ
ΪЩ춼ڼԷԼʳҪԹˣҶʹȥ¥³Щˡ
屾һȥҶòײźõĸðٴθûͬ⡣
Ҷ뿪Ժ𴲴ҵ
Ҷװ״ϣ߹ȥҪҺãȴСһطӲӲġ
Щɻ׿˿ĿƬ̺ͣ΢΢¡Ŀڴϣȥץһһſǡ
ǣٿϤףûǴĻ׾˵ֵʱ򴩵ס
Ҫ֣ΪʲôȥǷڿڴأ
ɲΪЩҶԼԵģҪ֪ҶͲϲЩ⣬ЩΪ˭׼ĲԶ
ĿúͻȻ뵽ʲôڷ﷭úµСҵҪҵĶ
һŲʺɫİǣҲҶóĶ
ָͲԤıȽʱӡ
ǲǵ巴ø侲ֱŵĸо֮ǰΪǱϷ㣬
˵ҲͦԾģ׷˭ദôûйӴֱӲ˭Ӵ
ͦŽѵġ
ΣͻȻ֪ʲôԺ̬ȴһֱϷԶԶġ
Ȼء

AĳҽԺ
СϰǸûᣬε˲ŽǶƾȥSǱߵרҺܶ࣬ȥ˿϶ѧܶණԺĵĵ
ǡϷЩԥ۾Ƭµ΢
ˣôˣһͳҽԺǰ;ҽίˣʺϸأҿ㡣Ժļֱһˡ
ϷεЦЦԺߣٻʱϵЦ˲ʧˡ
ȥS𣿿ҪĶûءôǲİ

յϷϢʱڿҶ˵ᡣ
ʵ˵ĶϾҲǵһ빫͸Ĺϵˣ⻹ҶҪģһϿɰ
ɵϷ㷢Ϣʱĳ˳֪ȥˡ
ᵱַˣͷ˯
ⲡ鷴ҶҪȥҽԺǱܾˡ
һڼĿԣҶЩԥʵ
ţİɸ磬һչ˺ԼġЦЦ
ҶﻹǷĲ£ʹӦ˵ģֲܷڡ
֤£ҶﻹǾȥ¶¶棬¶̾͸ϻ
ҶߺЦӴӵѾ·
ǵּһΧųš
ͣڣϷ̵ٽʵܱߣʵʵġ
ŲתһĨЦ⣺ˡ
ϰԵĴ˵ģͼһĲ԰ףüдһɫοű֮ǰࡣ
𣿡
ͬĮñϷЩ죬һ˲ָֻģ
֮ǰֻ㣬ûж⡣
ţԺ󶼲ûʲôµĻˡֵĸĮޱģ˺ľС
ϷҪߣʹӿڴóһһ¡
㵽ס岻ͷתǰͱʲô˻Σͷʼκģ߲ڶţֱʶ
һƹڣһѩɫӵ¶͵ڴһˡ
૵
ϵ˽üƺҪʱָ̧ƽüͷ£ɣܿ͹ȥˣ֪ģһ屦ء
ϷһԵ״ϣӵʱ䣬ڴϵȻ˫ۡ
㡭ʲô循ֵĵҪȴԼˡ
ꡣϷһִϣȫװİţҪʲôׯϵҵıأ𳳵ǡ
ѭűϷ߿ȥͼڲԶ޴Ĳѩ׵˹棬ն۾ֱëȻ
ǲǺƯϷûп԰׵ɫһһ²Ľ˹ǵ˵ǵж
˵һת߹ȵ壺ȻĹͷҼģҲһıء
˵ˣﻹ֪Ϸڴʲôע⣬һʱ֮۵ȫǿ־壺㡭Ƿģһҹģ
ͼþѹǰʵѾǸӵˡ
ܱ֤ܰҲϷЦţİɣû˻ỳɵϣ㲻ҪΪҲôֻ࣬ҪԹҵıؾͺá
Ϸ˵תӣϷҪõĸֵߡ
ģһᡭϷ㻰û˵꣬ȻһͷͼԼֱȻһСѪɫۣһϵĸֵȫڵϣॵ
ϵ˲֪ʱһϸС԰׵ϻһĨ˸еĶǵЦݣۼɨɾˣǡˡ



100 
ŻV
ҶҶԱߣ žĲɵĸϵ˴к
ԼԵҶ죬ԷһĿӢǰ;
Ҷʾ£ һò΢Ц Է̸˼䡣
ߺҶҶһ
ôˣüԲ״̬Ҷ
û£ ˡҶĵ
֪Ϊʲô һɲ̫õԤУ ĻŻŵģǷʲôõһ
ȻȥҶ
ҶҡҡͷٵȵȰɡ
Ÿոս ҿɶڿأ Ҫֱˣٲ˱Щ˵лҪԴ£ ҶϾͲˡ
ڳ֪ж˰ء
Ҷĳز죬 Ҷ͵͵óֻŷϢȥҿ塣
Ϣȥ Ҷﻮֻ㿪 緢ȥıƽϢһֱû˻ء
ô¡
յŴӦϢ Ҷһֻ¡
ֻ һӰͻȻǰ
̧ͷ ͼòֺسһƣ ǺЦĿ
Ҷü˾ֱԱߣ ֪ǲǴ ֺܾسȥƣ ԭͲ԰׵һӲ԰ˣ۵״࣬Ȼʲôڹý˻ܿ
״̬žǺܾû˯þһ
ⶼûϵҶֻɨһ۾ƿߡ
ֺس񲢲ҶĴҶüʱǵЦ⻹˼֡
ôһˣҶأһȻ
̸顣ҶﵭĻش
ֺس˵ͷƱһھƣ죬˧ͻȻ޵
Ҷʶĵͷ˿ϵ·ͨĺɫװûʲôرġ
õޣҶﻹòԵĵлл
лŷ֣вﰵĴǣװĵܻվǲԶ۰Ͱ͵Ҫ̸ֲҹ
ҶҲ˼ٸλܲһˣ˸ھ뿪ˡ
ֻ뿪ûãһתֺۣسָ˹
Ҷ˵ֺسȿˡ
ôû
ԣҶʱͬʱﰵպˡ
ȻҪֺسֺسֻȤǾѰˡ
˶ûˡ
ţеˡҶܵ
ֺسûдҶһľ裬㶣ЦţҶȤ
Ҷ￴һû˵
ֺسҵͦߵһ
ҶüЩãֺسδ̫ðˣǵĹϵҲûõ̸˽ĵزɡ
ôϼŵܲãܵ
⣬ˡҲܻش𡣡Ҷ΢΢Ǹģ
ֺسĿҶͻȻЦ
ҶﱻЦĪ˵ʵܾǰ˸ںȫһо˺ܶࡣ
ںеʱٴھưʱֺسĸо䣬Цжģʵ˫۾һֱġ
ԴӾưһֺسͱˣ˵ǱøǸˣǱ׽ˣ͹ֵֹġ
Χ˶ֺسЦ˹Ҫ֪λ̳ϿǱЦ滢ģһֱЦԽöľԽҵġ
ǵȻ·ǵλүЦ⸱ģˣֻ̬ԼҪϷ
ǿվֺسԱߵʱ˲ȻˣλҲأҶϼŵСӡ
Ҷﱻô˿ܾúܲڣҪ뿪ͻȻͱסˡ
ֺسǰһϵЦգֻ˵ʱ򣬻ǲɱй˼֣ҶѾҪĶҲټ𣿡
Ҷ￴˿ֽ֣Ŀǰ˵ϣʵʲô˼
ֺسЦŽַſװˣǶһģһ壬Ŷ岢ûлҪȻǻô̹̹һ𣿡
ҶһͻȻøֻǻûֺس˵Ļֻʹһ񶯡
ֺسһۺҶｫֻóŴĵ绰
ҶĪľЩ
ôˣ
Ҷ磬岻ڼ𣿰ûпţ绰Ҳû˽ӡ洫Ž
ҶĿһֻȥ
Ҷպ߹һ۱ϵֺسסɫҴҵҶôˣ
ҶżͰѵ绰ҶˣֻҶ磬еˡ
ţʲôҪæʱҴ绰Ҷ˵ŷſ֡
µĳȻǸ˵ĺõطҶֻܴҴҵĳҶ˵ͷ뿪ˡ
Χ۹˺ܶ࣬˶˽
ҶĿҶ뿪Ժתߵֺسߡ
ҾôһܵܣܶൣʵڵˣǾˡ
ҶģΧһ
ʲô˼ҶϺϵĺˣ˾ֱӿսˣ
Ҷܣǹ̵ģ͵͵Ŀ˿ֺسɫﰵֹ

ҶԺֱҵԼĳ˽ȥ绰Ȼ˵һû˽ӡ
Ŀʼֹȥֻ뵽һܣǾǡϷ㡹
ʱ̣һ㶼Ҫϵͳλ
ϵͳĵڶλУԵȡ
Ҷﷳĳ˳⿪ڸʻλϡ
ǱϷɣʡ
ϵͳš
Ϊʲôǰ֪ͨңǰҲѲ𣿡Ҷﲻĵ
ϵͳʱѾǾ֮⡣
ʲô˼Ҷɫ΢䡣
λɹĿںԴ·123·Ұϵͳûлشıһַ
ҶﲻҴ⣬Ҳ˲ĥϵͳ˵Ļžͷɳ۶ȥ
Ұĳҡ
ɫĵߵǱϷ벻ģһСȻˣɫѿѡ
ǹġƶ
ţ˭ܰɨβءЦЦҾǰŪҲ˲鵽ͷϰɡ
ѸռٴӵϣûڵطıϷ㣬ߵװѩ˹ǵĲԡ
ᡭŲ¿ŵָ֣˵İ֣ⶫӦҲ׼˰ɣأ
ûƽ
Ϸһ̱ţҪд֧ܵţʱӦѾɵˡ
ߣһɫť
ѭĻҵһССɫ͹һֻһǰͱȥһҫŽ͸ֱռǵλã̴̵ĳǰ
Ȥ߹ȥ˿ھ޴Ĺ·һСɫϣýɫдš塹֡
Ǳذǽɫ壬̧ͷϷ޺ЦЦ
㲻ɱҵġ֪ǲǱЦݴ̼ˣϷͻȻ
Ķһ٣ƫƫͷڣкܶ൶ߣһЩҩƷȾϡ
ǽͱͷҪõĶ
˵ˣһɱ㡣彫һҩƷ򿪣һɴ̱ǵζֻŶ˾úܡ
㲻ᣬ㲻ҡϷƽ˵
ʲôҵģץҲ𣿡彫ҩƿϣνĵ
ǡϷ͵͵Ц尡ֻ֪Ҫ¾ͻηηģҶ֮һĸ𣿡
кβأץһȾϷŽһСͰһЩҩˮȾ浹
Ϸ㿴Ķɫ΢䣬ָֻ侲
֮һĸȻܵͣҲǲܷɱңֵ𣿡Ϸ㿴ƿĵȰָЩ֪ĽȴĵĶš
顪ѵ
һ죬߰ĵʱͱߵԶԶģһֻŲһֻϣϷ۵亹ֱð
ֵֵã˵˲㡣һСͰͰȾϱҩˮʪѪɫ״
ôأţ𣿡彫ÿһСõȾϣӶͷʼһһĽȾȾ˱Ϸϡ
ȾƺʲôһƤͷ̵ͬʱʹ
ǰѪɫģˣͣ¶վԶԼĽ
͹ˣŴӷҩˮԱߣһͰˮһȫϡ
Ѫɫˮ˳ջ䵽·ִ·ϻ䵽ϣܿϾ;ۼ˺ܶˮ飬Щˮһ̵ðŰ̡
ʪ˿ȥǱϵȾϻûе꣬һһճϣطûȾϣƤҲͨһƬ
ӣĿǰˣûʲô
֪ΪʲôҪ𣿡ʵ
ϷʱĻһģʹ۾ֻһСϸ죬һ˵ûȰ˵ʱŶŲ
Ϊ㾹Ȼҵһϵˡ˵˵ŰȴĶ⡣
һϡ˰Ż



101 
ʱֹͣ
˵ ϱӵǸ˲ٿؿܣΪʣòڸԼ Լװĸһ
ôαװ һǲһԽԽ˽磬 ҲԽԼᱻ֣ ɹ ͵˵оĵطÿ춼ĵսľ
ʱΨһĺֻĸף Ȼ ƽƽĹȥҲǲС
ʾҪһΪʱƫƫ˶ ɴһϵеı硣
ѹȣ ĥ
ĵڶ꿪ʼͿʼˡ
ѧУ￴˱ϵϢգ 䱾۸ԭڼҸǸĵ͵ δıȴʱֽߵı̬ ֻһֱӽķӣ ʱαӡ
˵ҲЦ Щ˵׻߶ΪҪĶ
ΪϢڳ˵ֻ ֪ǡ
ÿһӽ˶бĿġ
ȻЩں ںΪʲô رǸΨһõԺ øľˡ
һʲôν״̬
ڱܵʱҪҪȥˣֲϲ磬Ҳϲˡ
ԵǸԳҽʱ֪޾ĽԼã״̬ɢȥɴ˱ץסӣûյһһĽǸΪС
޲߽ȥżһ˵ָ
ħһƵ־磬ԼĥһϢ
֮ʲôǵˣֱһҶ֪ʲôİ
ҲΪ֪İʲôģžһǸΪħԼжЦǸšӽֶŻ
ָоǿнһʵ﷢ùȵĸһĵ¡
ڼ˵ĵһۣҪԶʧ硣
ΪֻҪ˻ڣͻһԹһ˵ĸ㣬Ըɳ˾ǳˡ
ܡ
Ϊ˲䡣
΢ӸµĿŶȴҪˣϵȾѾˣͬʱȾϻҪ޺ѪҲʡ
Ϸûǰ˵ʲôŬ۾ǰѪһƬҲʲô塣
һΣһΣһᶨŤģĵһΪڵ
ǰˣϷ㲻۾
忴ͻȻЦ
ϱӵⱲӣֻһˣֻһ
ֻҪʧˣӦþ˵˰ɡ
ɫƽļһһһĳǱȥ

Ҷﵽʱ˺һϵͳڸĽڡ
ָ˱µĵңҵǽյģܺڣҶǴһС¥ġ
ҶĥҪô֪ĽȥʱԭյͻȻ˴򿪡
һӰЯŴѪôվҶǰ
Ҷһǵ˲佩סˣĿⲻ䵽ӰյϣĵѪһƬճĺ˳ŵⲻϵϵ䡣
磿ֱǰ˿ڣҶŴ𾪵Ըӵĸоѳ
ɤЩɣһ仰˵
ôվúҶһԼ֪ʲô𣿡ɬ
ԣ㶣ܵʲôţϵһڵϡ
Ҷﱻ۵ĺɫ̼ˣŵĿ壬һ߾߽ڡ
ֱȥԺ󣬿ǰľһűסĲŵõƬи
һֵֺζԲѪζ
һ𲻰ָĦѪɫ·õǼţζеһţȴҶһӾͰ
Զи˿ڴߣһǱʪģͷڵˮûһȿԡ
ϣһСڣѪʳ֮⣬ϵطŵõģֻЩס
Ҷﱾ߹ȥ鿴˵ոѪɫ·־ͱ̧
磬û°ɣȾϻһЩҩж˵žͼҴҵĴҶȥˮ
ˮʱҶ壬ͼ촽ţüͷ塣
ԥƬҶﻹǵΪ㡭
ΪҰɱ𣿡СĵĸҶֱָӽ˹
ҶûлػЦЦ̧۶һ˫ԭģֻҪһ뵽һΪҲ磬²ȥˡ
òײץסҸôء
Ҷ￴СĵİָˣһɵͬʱҲ̲ס¶һǳЦ⡣

Ϸߵʱ˹Ҳ˼
Ҳȥ¼˸ڹ
ΪصڱϷıҵΪ׼ĲȻıѾã󾯷ûΪ塣
Ϸϵ˲أƿ⣬طĺҪ˼ָܻ
ֻѾû˼עԼòˣΪ鶼ҷˡ
ҵ˹ǣһ߽Сһ߽С᡹ǧ˿Ƶϵ
ǰѧʱڵŮѣĸ
ʧ٣˾ǱϷ㡣
̽ʱûлɹˣֵֻּ̫ȵıˣҲҲʲôָԵ֤ݣûþͽ˶Ļɡ
ʱΪûҵ壬ּ֤ûУܺ߶ֻܱжΪʧ٣˻ѹڵ
ֻ˭뵽ʱⰸӾȻˡ
־ܺ׽ˣγ뾯ѯʰչֻҪڱУûжϹѯʡ
һʱ֮䣬๫ʱλAҽѧľ˲Ųѣ֮֡
֮ǰߵѧΪĶڣһ֪ʶӱܷˣң˺ܶ꣬˼ҵ顣
ȻЩҶûϵ
ȷϷȷʵǸﷸұԺͲٹעˡ
ʵ˵Ϸ㷸Ҫ̵ģǼܲסæʦͽ̡
Ҳ֪˵һǲҡ

оյٴζȹһҶ￴˯ԱߵˣĬƬ̣ϵÿ˴
СĵĽŴ򿪣ĹرգҶߵ̨ϣ̹ǣȴָѡ
˫۳ڻϣԶһʵĽϣ޴Ĺƹ棬ϤǲõЦţܱΧ貶Ŀĵƹ⣬ԼAеžҹ
ģƵľܻһϤĴΪԼطܾúܾãĵط
úҶת˫⻹ڻϣü۵ʹţģİ׹ɢϣǸһʵġ
ʲô˼ζŴȣЬŵ棬ȴǸһֱϵͳ͡
ϵ˼һеľʱȫѾֹͣˡϵͳĽ͵
𣿡Ҷ̧ͷңԶҹա
ϵͳô˵
㲻ءҶЦ
ϵͳԥĵ㡣
ɻһûء
ҶЦݣͻȻŵĺᣬХŽĻɢƵĴ̨ƮԶ⣬һĨڰҲ



102 
Լѡ
ϣ 򵥵ļð뵵硣
ȻܹƷǵ˿ŶеĲɡ
ֻᡸաһ˫ײһ
æջأ ĬĬĳŰ׷ Ȼһһ鱻յ۶֭Źͷŵ
΢΢һ̧ͷͼŵ治ɫˣ ˹ĵĳš
Ŵ ƺҪ˵ʲô Ŀƿ⣬ѡȰꡣ
Ҷﲻûзֹ Ҳ֪ʲô
Ϸȥ ҵƽ쳣Ҳ޴Ρ
ʱ֪ҪôشЩ쳣ֻѡĬ ʡ
ֻҪԣ ԽʲôԽҪʲô
ĲͻȻһ侲ѯʣǡôҵҵģ
Ҷв˵Ķһ٣ ֪Ƕ㲻ˡ
ӷ£ֱ۴ڲϣ ֽôǵˣ Է̬ƽ ƺһʣ زشûϵ
ദôˣ Ҷôῴ˵˼
˵ԽƽʵԽ⡣
Ҫôش ֲܰϵͳ˵ȥ Ҳѡ
ҶĬʱ̫ˣ վԼǰЦЦûϵ粻˵ˡ
ҵȻҪϰ࣬Ժ𣿺Ҿʰˣֵϴ롣
ЦӯӯĺֻһʵģҶüţƭˣ䲻ƭ壬ڵʵҡ
ˡ
û˵ͱһԵֻ𶯴ˡ
εĽߵĻʻȥѾʰˣҶֻߵ
һʾҶĵ绰
ι硣
˾һˡҶԼĵ

֮ǰô£Ҷڰ칫һߴһʵͷû̧һ¡
ԣҶ֪ҶΪʲôˡ
ߵһԵĺɫɳ£п棬û£Ѿˡƽĵ컨Ʈ
Ҷ̧ͷƳһۣ޳ָᶯձǩһļ
㿴ȥûµӡҶվӰ칫ҵľƹóһƿƣѾС
ҶûػôĿɳϣǽڷִڶͷϣ΢ۡ
ֱһƵݵǰֱ塣
磬Ǹ˽𣿡ҶҡžƱɫ޵ĺͻȻǸɶ
ţˣ˳ͶʵĻҫҲһˡҶһںƣüĿɢţѵõʡ
ָʹ˳Ҷüʵ
ţҶҶԱߡ
˽ü¶һı飬ҶƱŵɫԭľϣڵ̳սʱ򻹻սпᣬıƲʤ
Ҷ̾˿Ȼ֪ʵɵʶЩֶʱǻΪĳЩ˵ķе𾪡
ڰ칫һҶûʲô£ҶҪȥˡ
ҶûʵҶҴҵ뿪ǲǳʲôµģɼҶԸ̸ҲͲˡ
Ҷʮ¥µһ¥һ·ͨ裬Ȼո߹һսǣһϤˡ
ֱ·ȴֱסˡ
Ҷ߹
ȥĽŲջҶ￴ų߹ˣһͦɫװòӢȳɫ԰һ㣬üƣһ⣬žǸܿˡ
ʵݵĻҶﵹͦ˽ύġ
ֺسʲôûԶˡ
ɲ֪Ϊʲôһ棬ܻ˵һĪĻ̬Ȳ
ڡ
𣿡
֪ʵĻʶֺس֮ǰ벻ԷȻô˵žûһһ
Ϊ˶ԷӣҶﻹǻشţմȥ
Ͼʱֺس󻹸ԼһҶ￴ЩˣҶϼŵĳ߹ܡ
ֺسܳ⣬ҶڲԱţӦΪҪ̸¡
ϿϺҶܹٺòӮľҶ˵ֻкôûл
ҶɲΪԼȨ˵Ĳ죬ҹ˾ĺ
ȻߣĳȻôͷŹ
̸ģ֮ǰѾ̸ˣڹΪȷϡ
Ҷһֻռ˵ˣȷȷҲûϵȤһȱ𣿡ֺسЦġ
ô˵棬ҶҲþܾʹӦˡ
˾ͽһΪµĿ
ȵܱӣҶﲻɫĶһڣ̧ͷͼĶ˶
ôˣҶﲻĵ
ֺسֱ۴ϣ۵ƺ˼ǡʲôʱģ
˵Ŀ⻹һֱҶƺҶƽݵ¿ʲô
ˡ
Ҷﲻֺ֪س˵Ļʲô˼֮ǰҲֵֹģȴͻ
ʲô˼Ҷʹ޳ָڹ⻬ıĦ
Ȼܲ˼飬ҸһģѾˣǰAˣ˵ʵǰ͹ˡֺسƵĵʣʲôͨĻһ˿˼ԼĻ˵ж
ȻҲΪҶﶼ֪ԲҪ
ҶֺسĻͣһʱ侹ʼ츲ء
ϵͳô£ֺسҲˣ˵Ļʲô˼ʲôҸһѵʶԭҶѯš
Ȼ濴ŻǺֻܵ΢΢üй¶ĵĲƽ
ϵͳûжҶһʱ֮Ҳ֪ôȥ⣬ֻûޱȡ
ֺسҶﲻ˵Ҳߴ٣ڵһڿȣֽŵһͰͳְϷͽŪԺʣǲǸֵˣ
Ҷ͵̧ͷŵĿֺس
ֺسЦӣֻһƽȻ֪ΪʲôҪôһҪ˵ʱȻ£ҲˣΪѾˣҲȥһԷġ
̸ʵҶ㱣رֺسµһ仰֪ڲ𣿡

Ҷﲻ֪Լôصҵġ
յģ岻ڣӦȥְˡ
ӽɳҶﶢ컨壬Ҫһ
ãϤĻеǡ
ǡЩ٣ٵҶѾȥˡ
֪ľʱѾᣬǽֺ֪سģ˵ЩĻҶ㱵˼㡣
˵Һһʲô˼
ϵͳ˵ѡ㣬Լѡġ
ԼѡġҶüͻȻͷЩۣȭöͷһʹ࣬벻ˡ
ҶﴭŴؿѹֵܣͷҲʹޱȣ΢ۣǰ컨óɸָ״ͷת
ʱǰͻȻһͷѵĸоɢȥֻǰʲôԽԽˣ෴ģʶȴԽԽģ
ǿƬ̣վֲԺﴫһһıۡ
ɾڱ۵һ˲䣬񿴼һˣһŰɫ·ʹһƯˣǸ˻ĺ졣
žڣ΢ĺš
ûеڶ˵ĵطһ˻̾Ϣȴĸ



103 𣨼ǰĳ
ʧ
һƯĻ԰
ӰդΧ Ĳ֪ڿʲô
ߵվ˰Ϸʵĵôÿ𣿡
˻ش˸Ͳ
Ҳ⣬ ߹ȥԱߣ ŤͷԷȻһ
γɼ¶Աȣ ֻһˡ
ƣ ڲ͹ͣ 㶣Ц
Էǲ ĺڷ΢紵 Բ΢ʪıǼֻ䡣
˲֪ʲôվӿڴó̵ǡ
𣿡ڶԷǰ˻Ρ
±øƯˣϸĹâ Ȼ˵˹
Ȼ׼ ĿԷʱ˻Ǳ޵ˡ
һƯ꣬ һݵʣż򵥵İ׳ ɾʹ ûʲô飬 ȥľľģ ⲢӰ
Ǵʱһ˫ڵ۾˵ʱ һֻɰСèһҪһָ֪лܲĺڷ
ЦЦ ַ˼֣ġ
껹ǲ˵ ͷǣ ûж
ϵЦݵ˼֣ɻ̯գʱһ˳ָֹҪֵĶ
ô볢𣿡ͻĶɢеɻЦ
ֱֲջأֻǿ
룬ֱվһǵֽ
Ҳվľľϵһ˲
ȻСɻǱ˷ˣЩЦüͷˣСһֻǰ򿪣㿴ǣҪ𣿡
꿴˿ǣֿ˿΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
˽ǵݹȥȻʱְǾٸߡ
ӭ겻ߣ˹Ǵһһ磬ҾͰǸ㣬òã


һ죬װƯǱ˰ˮһӨ⻬Ǳ˳ԽֻֽСĵ۵
庬̵ˮǣڴеǶ˳ʣš
üʣ֣صķŽڶٳˡ
صѾߵ㡣
ģûһ˿Ȼҵһ˻û
岢ʧֻϷȥϢҲû˻أ˼һӦҪæ
ƴ򿪣Ҫ̧ķȥȴﴫ
Ų˶٣ʶȥԵЬܣ濴ϤѥʱƽȻ˲
ŲһתܵͼɳһϤӰ
Ц⣬߹ȥɳϵС̺ӾҪ˸ϡ
ɴսˣŷ˵ɫܲԾƺǽѹʲôðϸСĺ顣
ɫһ䣬̧˵ļ磺磬ѡ
ƺûѵļ岻ɼϵ˼֡
Ҷ͵۾
ãĿΧߴİοج𣿱±£ﶼǼٵġ
ϤҶתͷͶһ㱵
ãָ̧ȥ壿
ָϵʵĴУ塣
ǰЩ֣ɵǴָʱ˲䣬ţ磬ңڡ
ֻҶج˺¡
ҶﲻſǰˣͻȻֱ˱ѹ¡
壿Ҫ֤ʲôһĶµˣٴκ֡
ŤĶ˶壬Ŀϵˣ˵ĸӺڳʱ˶٣ٴλӦڡ
ҶƬ̺ЦĽ˱ס
壬Բ𡭡
Ǹĸͻأ㶣Ҫ˵ʲôϵȴͷסĴ
յ᲻ͬǷ·Яſ꣬ѹõڷйʲôûκμɣ³
屻ȳţͷ΢΢̧ǵͷԷΣֱ̧˵ĲϣǳǳĻӦš
ôصȥ岢ֽ֪ŷ§ˣһϲ
ͷŵƹµˣɣֻ˫ƽ޲۾ʱһĨ΢һ
㶣ϸʱͱ˸Բ쵽󱳣ȵϢ˸ס˲ôࡣ
һɱǰθΪŨϴҶÿһ
ϤҶ𽥼İĪһֻĺľǣͫ˵Ĺâ
Ǳ츲ס壬˱סСƯĶ¡
ҡҡͷŤͷȥҪһǡ
ҶЦһü͵Ĳ˼顣
ӿ䣬һж˳¡

ȥϴ˸裬ֻ˴ҶŽ£ԼСĵӵš
Żü˯ò̫ȵˣҶ̧糺βİš
ʶźıǼ⣬ǲʲôʶƣȵֲָˣţĽëһһģʲôίһ
ˣҶЦֿȥ̧ͷ׻գСèƵ䣬ԭί˶Ҳչգ΢ĳ˯ȥ
Ҷôſ˯˯ȥСĽƿ˴
ڰĿո̵ϣĺɫǹУҶʱʱ֡
ȫ𣿡ⲻʱ˵ʱһĻеͻȻ
šҶ
̣ɫģüۣҲɢдһĨɬ
һֱ̣ɬҶ侲ɳϱ۰еļȫںһ
ã۾ڵͫʰһƬԽˡ
ллͻȻ
šϵͳӦţеǴһЩ˻ĲȻ
Ҷﲢûвϵͳı仯ᶯ˶΢ˡ
񫣬ΣԴǼԺͷԼԽԽأ֪ԼٳˣΪڵǲ̵ġ

ڶ죬ҶڴŻе˶
ҹңļһֻţǰֻһΡ
ѿƣӲĽԼ֮ǰеļֶƻˡ
ڣҪ˵ģһĲĽѵ̫ˣصޡ
ֺس˵û˵ģΪԼʳ⣬ԽƳʱ߻صֲźȱʧ
ʱѵģһһΪʱˣ¶еıѹ۾ٲһʼһʧˮԴĺ
ʱӽ磬Ǳһ󴼺ģżꤵĶӣȴСĳĳط۵һ
ҶĶ˽ڴһŵʵôˣҪҪȥҽԺ
òáæ֣Щ졣
ҶﲻţԼＸ֪ģӴǰǰ
һˣȻΪĳЩԭ˽һЩ֪ⷽʶɵǸ֣ûѪɺѾ츳ˡ
Щ߲ӣֻգȻȥЩҩͿĨ
࣬ˡҪ嵭ʳҶﺬĵЩĶһôࡣ
ź˳һ࣬ҶųȥԼ±⡣
˶ʰоֵʱҶͼŲ̫ȻĽŲһһεĴӷ߳
ҴҵĽմݵֳɾ߹ȥ˵ְһͷɳ¡
屻ҶСźЦˣûôЩᡣ
ԣҶҲ˲ٻȥϴˣԼϣİĦ͵֫
¶ĿҶǶȸպܿԼǽĴǣ¾΢΢͹Ըеĺᡣ
ʱᴦӡһۣǶ˼
һٴŵӰһԺһʱֺ˼֡
ҶðĲ˾֣ͶעƯļµϣȴȻðĺŵˡ
ˣɫһ䣬ָ̧ǹĶͷֵĻš
֪鴦ûᷢյģŻϸϸĸֻû뵽ˡ
ҶｫſҪȥֻͳԿȥҽԺ
·𿴳ͼ֧֧˵磬û£ȥҽԺ
㲻ȥ𣿡Ҷʵ
ҡҡͷ̬Ⱥԡ
Ҷ̾˿½˱סǳԵҩɣҼǵüﻹУȻҳȥҩ

Ҷľĺǻ£ָĺܿ죬ȻҩĹ̺ĥҩЧͦõġ
ͲòǸ˾ˣҩṩģ˵ǹʱĶطҲ֪ʲôطŪġ
ҶӭĴȤͼüŪ۵ϷŪӲ治ɫĴ
캮ضҶ嶼ϲֵˣһ춼ڼûȥֱԼȥ档
͸͸ҲãȻڼҲģҶȰ˵塣
ȽͳźҶϵЦݡ
Ĩ˰صҲһ·
иˣȥ


104 ȱϯһ˵¹ź
Ҫȥõĵطķ羰
һִİ칫ң Լ
ΪٵԵʣڷмĺɫƤɳעĿ
ʱһĸߴͦεĿ˶˶ɳϣ ΢ڵȴʲô
ûã ɳԶʲžͱƿˣһװӢ˾˽
˿ɳŵ˲ȣ Ц㻹ǵһҡ
˵Ҳ߹ȥ ɳһͷ¡
˸£ţ һڿȺһ衣
ֺسݸһߵˣ Լڿ¡
ҶŶĵζ˰
ôζ𣿡ֺس˾þû ƫͷʵ Ѽڵѯһ
ǵȷʵǿѣ Ҷﲢһ㣬ҡҡͷ ̧һڡ
΢࣬ Ǻ㣬 ڿڳ֮䣬 ζ ζ΢һƷ֪ϺõĲҶݳġ
ô ص˴Sģ Ӧûϲɣ ȻȥԴһЩֺسЦ԰׵ϲֿϲá
Ҷ裬΢̧浭ĮһƬ
ζܺãȥͲˣллܡ
ֺسЦ΢٣ֱ˸ƣ˫Ƚ㻹ô
Ҷﲻÿɷɲɵġ
̧ۿ̬ˣﲻͬǣʱֺسɫܲãȥһ
ûϵ룬Ҷﱡ³˽˵Ŀģһ죬׷ʲô
Ҳʻͬʱʲôõ飬ҶɫĲüһĨת˲š
ֺس͵̧ͷĿˣòƫͷЦһԭΪ¹İ
Ҷﲻ˵Ĭˡ
ʵҲûʲôһıɡֺسŲԶشĿԶƽһ
ҶϥϵֽʾϸڣɿֺسԲϸ˵
һ΢ַˡ
ụ̂ǿţҪķʽӿĿѹȥ
ֺسͻȻվӣߵ칫ԣĳóһ̡
Ҫһ̣𣿡ʵ
ҶҡҡͷȻͼֺسһóϣԣüģ
̵ζ˲칫ҡ
ҶﲻʵüϵԽԽأޱţϵһڡ
ûãһ̵ֺسʹŵζ˹
Ҽǵǰ̡Ҷ￴
ţǰǾζţɻԺ̫ģͳˡֺسЦŵԺ԰ˣƣҲԽԡ
Ҷ촽˶վûΪʲôǼ켸ҹûϢһ۵׵ڶҪʵˡ
Ϊʲô𣿡ɫ԰׵˹˹Ĳ׽Ҷʡ
ɫ̫áҶ˵ͷûзϡ
ֺسͷЦЦһֱֻ۴ϣЦ˲ŵû壬˯žɫȻòˡ
ԣҶü۳Ŀֺس
ôˣز˵˵áֺسЦЦĵ
ܲܺú˵ǾͲˡҶĵ
˼ҵˣһȥȷʵҪֺسȤĵ
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106 ϲ
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107 ֺس˼
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ұߵ˿ȥǸͲ꣬  ʱһɫװ ԽԵϸȳҲڣżĲŵСһעĿ
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ҶܾߵĺƣһģΧŻܿ˶žȥ̸
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ڳҲûʶҶϾ֮ǰҶһϽܹܵܡ
֪Ҷݵ˶Щǰ̸Ҷϳһ˿ĹϵҲõע⡣
λ˶ϵҶСȻȳϣԹԵԵλ꽲
ʱ˹ȥ޾̬⣬ȥ̸ǲ֪ݵĸӵȥ鷳
ܳİ׽ôһǮ˵ᣬᱻΪߺŻʹʲôֶλġ
ǰй̫ˣһЩȨĴֺеĸӵܾϲЩ˵鷳̽žô
ԷǳǱύ֮ǹʹӰ˵һϷˣ
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λӵͬǼҳĴСү
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Ѳʶ˲ԼͬţžƱЦʵ򰵰۲ŲԶˣż˵ĹϵԼύļֵ
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Ȼ̫ϲر˵ֱαװԼĳϣɰڹ˾ҪչýʶĴˡ
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ԷǺҶϼȻȨһŵģҪһһͦΣǶԴ˺ͶԴϱ̬һ˫꣬ŶҪˡ
֡Ҷ￴ץԼ½ǵצӣ΢С
ŶֺõЦЦĬĬɿԼĹצ
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ԼԼֶܵ裬ֺسҲ᲻϶׾Ϊ
ҶҶһŴҪĳ嶯
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ҶһжǺˣҲҪַ׼ɽֺسһ쳣ûУǼֺسԱߴȥΣÿһɫѿ
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粻ģ¶ʲôһݺݵĹ弸ۣתûȺС
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һᲹģҲٻعˣôԸôԸù˼ҡ
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Ҷɫ䣬Ͳµ˱ֵ˭Ͼһ߿ɲȨƵô󵨵顣
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񿴳ҶʲôֺسЦЦҽ֣ȴһ㶼ҽ㣬ǸֱȽ񡣡
ıߣӵƣĸҲףԺȶ軹ãҸ˵Ҳˣǿÿļݶˡֺسɳϣصĵ
ҶĬĿ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ֺسҲûҪӦʲôͷʵĿҶȻЦˡ
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Ҷ˵ͷôǣϾʱô˵أһλعǰҲύĵһںѣʶĳôľĶǣʵǡ
ҲһֱǵáֺسЦ
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Ҷҡҡͷ
޶ԵĿһԮУΪҪõ˵ĸлֻǵæȥˡ
ǰôϰԵͬߣǵ̫һҪÿһӰˣΪʲôƫƫأֺسͷ컨壬ԽԽ͡
Ҷûһ仰˵ʲôҪѯʾͼֺسֱӶĿ죬봹۽ĵ૵ôͲأҲܿġ
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˿ڿҪ°һ¡Ȼ̹ԵҶƲӺǱŤ
ˡҶһԼֱӾܾˣƬ̵ĳŵտ֣Ѿ飬ӦҲҪˣȥ
Ҷ˵žֱſȥȴڰ;ֺس˵Ļ
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Ҷλ˻Ρ
ʮ죬ʮ졣
֪Ϊʲôֻʮ𣿡ֺسƽ³ĻȴĲ̣Ϊûеʮ졣


108 ֮
ԭʶ𣿡
ʮ죿Ҷૣ Щ㱣˶ʮ죬Ϊʲôٶһء
˭֪أ ǲٵȥˣ ҲǾˣ㲻ٻˡֺسпһƽԣ 𣿡
ҡҶ˻ƣ ͷʹſ顣
ûѾҪˣҪҹĻܵҶã һֱ ɵȴѾϢֺسЦЦ֪ģʱǸʲô״̬ Ϊز ӦǺϲϲɡ
ֺس˵Ų֪ʲôϵЦԽ˼֡
Ȼ ˵ЩҲѾˣѡ뿪ʱѾˣ  Ǵδʽһ Ҳ˵ˡ
ѡֻΪκҪɣ ϾͲϲ Ҳһ𡣡
һǵãΪʲô뿪
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ٻΪʲôҪȥǸѾˣߵôΰɣһǵġ
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ʲô֮ʲôֽ߲󣿡⴫
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һ·Ҷﶼ˼嵽վ˶ã˶١
ԭʶ𣿡
һֻ̤ĴҵҶ⻰Ȼסˡ
ˣȫˡ


109 
Ը磬ʱΪʲôҪ뿪ң
յķһƬ ֻа뿪й¶һ˿˿
ĸߴ˰̤뷿ݣһڰһ
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һƣ 뿪ķžͱȫ򿪵״̬
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ϸ۲ĶĻͻᷢĽŲǽӲ λľżһ
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Ӽ֪Ҳˣ Ϊԭû̽⣬ ôһ ͸ֳˡ
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ҶǰһٴλعʱѾһȫ׹ֵĻС
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㲻ңˣԼ߿ﻹŹΪ֮Ц⡣
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113 ǼԵ1

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˵ʵҲ磬ϣСү˵һλøʹһ˵OmegaҲ׷Alpha϶رࡣ֪˵ʱ᲻ȥλ˵ϣСүˣһҲǸرǿ˧Alpha
ܿ˵𾢣ͻȻॵһ޼ڵϣһȿɿȴͻȻɫ
޼СĻƵĲͣðѪδδ˳˵ֻڵϺܿڵγһССѪ̲


114 ǼԵ2

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Ҷﵥְֲ˸ߣֹѹŰɫɴ˿ڣ ԣ Цסլȷʵá
Ȼ⽨Ҷ￴Щײֵ࣬ǣĿƼ罨𺳣 ǰ3DӰһ
׿ĲĹ ⽨ȷʵ޿ޡ
ֲܿڰճׯ԰ϵ˻ ȻͼԱߵһرֵڱֲ
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115 ǼԵ3
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ƵϢ ˻졣
һɫڵȴĿлع
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վϢҹһȦûҵҵˡ
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ҶҲı仯źۼĿһˣЦ̫ˣ Ҿͳߡ
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ܿҶþò˲ȻѹҶ֪δ޳һƬô޵OmegaҪܾҲҪίһ㣬Ҫ֪Omega鶼Ǻܴģǻ벻ġ
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λ͸żȥþͺˡ
ξǸ˹ܼң˵ķԸһƣλ
˵˳ȥ˷׷׸ϣ鶼ܼӿ䶼벻վһԵøעĿŷϣ
ܿüײײҶıԼ𾪡
ȴûѿغײĻҶ˵֣ñͱѿ˿ڣѵĸˣѾ̵ѪѪ˳
Ѿɰɫɴٴαʪ妣Ҷ΢ɲü
Žܵ˺֣ûʲô뷨ֻ˼ŵȻؼܲȥƿ
ȻС˿ڲҪҪҪô
ò׼ˣû˵Ҫ뿪붼е㲻ġ
ңμȫǸ⣬Ҫôˣ´β֪²ܼ
ҶŴµĽڡ
֪ܿҶ˼˼ûȥ۷
Ҷ˼Ѿˡ
ţȻҡҶﱾ˵һõĽڣҲǶҲˣҪҡ
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ܿǰλ˵пʹOmegaֻԷ顣
رǶԷЦʱ˶ŵĲʧˣֻܽͰ͵ĵɿԣȻҶǵ˵곤޼ڷֲˡ
գƫͷҶҶˡ
˵ֱˡ
Ҷ￴ܿԶȥıӰ֪ķӦÿھͱˣǱµġ
ȻûʲôAOһҹϵͻò岻˵ҶﻹϰԵ˵롣
ûҲŷϣûйļģ˴˿Ѷ̸ϡ
ȻǸࡹøߴ͸Alpha࣬ǱֵõСOmegaĲС
ŷϣ룬ĬƬ̺ʲô֣
ҶҽҶҲܿͷӦˣΪԵøͳöץ˶䡣
ҶŷϣüŽ˳ãǾֱŤֻʲô
Ҷ￴ǰЦЦţҶ
ŴԵЦŷϣѣȻԼȻַͨͨ׽ãԽԽ㡣
Ϊƶ²԰˲ٵȾ˺⣬ŷϣתҴǰҪ뿪֪ʲôͣ½ŲҶҽŷϣ
ţ֪Ҷɫ䣬ǻǺһĨЦ⡣ͬʱǰһ˵ľ̡
ֲϣүʲôҪ˽ģۿӰǽ˽ҶһĨЦ⣬ȴѯš
֪ΪʲôĽүŷϣܾЩŤ֣˵ĳƺǲô
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ȷʵ˵һμ棬ôУָôУ
ŷϣԼЩĪת̧ͷôƽˡ
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ŷʱ˵ţܵʲôһҴҺˡ
ϣүҶüһˤˣҲǰߣַ̧ڰС
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ãллҶﻹǽӹҩ˿ˣҶЦЦִȤңҿ𡣡
ŷʶ˵ҲСĻָıע⣬ûô˼³һ䣺Ҳǲԡ
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һĻе棬Ҷü뻹Ƿ㣬õˡ
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ϴֺ󣬲ͼŷվԱߣһֱֿ
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ҶЩͷۣվԭ˼·ȥü
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ԭɫţڿԺ˫ȻƯȴЩأԡ
ŷҶԺܶٶȽߡ
ߵҶǰؿڻЩĿ롣
ϣүʲô𣿡ҶǿסҪ˱ؼҵͷЦʵ
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ʲôأҶ￴ŽߵС䣬¹һ˲֪ǲǴɫˡ
ŷҶҵĿⶢûҧŴ꣬Ŵͷŵ⣬صԼӸϵʽ𣿡
һŷԼӸϵʽ


116 ǼԵ4
ҽܲס
ĵֲ ĸߴͦεһֱֻһı˸ߵֲ
ܿհһֲڷźã̧Ĩ˰Ѻ ͷͿһĻ ĽҶҲ̫ˡ
ҶԽֲ£ ЦЦȽϴ󡣡
ѹЩOmegaϲǿ׳Alpha Ҷ һǸǳǿAlphaܿ
ҶոֱӣϵЦݶ˶٣ ϰԵϸڵĻҳ ʹ
ֻܿҲûҶӦʲôȷ ĵ̫ˣ ҶҪҪȥ£
ҶҪͷӦ ϵĺɫֻȴͻȻ
㿪ͼŷϢ
һֲͼƬ һ仰
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ҶƬŴ òֲⶥϷһֻСС档
ȿģʱ Ҷü
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Ϸ ˹ܼźɫУһƯļӣ䣬һֻֻССĳӱгСĵֲϷš
ȩ̀ͷ˿ܼңֿ˿Լˣβͻ˻ΣˣΪʲôҪֲϷųӰ³Ӱֲҧ𣿡
ȻͿˡŷͷҲ̧ĵ
˹ͷϵĶ䶯˶һüЩƵˡ
һͻȻõϲЩͷԣԲתתڸ𣿡
ԣŷ̧ͷϵЦ⣬ǡ
˶٣ŲҸûϵ
ûϵ
˹צӣȻɻȴҲû׷ʡ
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˹ΰѡ·ҴҷԸԺͷһ߻ظϢһ߿ȫݵĿԡ
ڲ磬ĻӦûü
һߣҶﺬЦرֻ
ֲǹֲ˷ҩ滹Ͳ档
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ڵλźܽһžܿ
ΪAlphaҪæѧϰԵʣٻĵƷҪˣ϶Omegaġ
ҶһƷAlphaûУԴſʼOmegabeta͵͵Ĺע
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ȻۼΪʵʲôĶͦġ
Ҷ˿ҡͷ߰뷨˦ȻĬĬعʱ䡣
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֪ǲǴºҶŵһرŵ㣬е㹴ˡ
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СʱĻеõġ
ҲŸյûáҶЦЦֱߵƷݹȥһ£ʲô
ŷӹӣµɨһۺûʲôȤķˣһɡ
Ҷû˵ʲôѷ˽йһһƷ
ڵȴʱҶһЩֲŷֲʱ˶٣Ц˵һͨ
ŷĺ棬ʵҲֻĿһֱҶ촽ϣһ
Ҷ﷢Ժ̧ڴһĿʵЩܲס
ϧǣŷȫûбץľȣһ٣תҶϡ
Ư΢ʶ̧ӣһɵĿϮЩܡ
Ҷ˳ŷ߿Լ֣Ű׹ʱ˲Ȼ
ҼҵĴұ֣ʧǵ
ұŷЩ㱣֪ΪʲôһͺϲֺϤرռΪС
ҶŷǿͦȡģҲ类ͳȥѾˣϧû˼䣬ʱͲˡ
Ʒãֱɫ٣뿪
ʱ֪⻹⣬ҶֻŷͻȻЩ˵ֱۼҪײһˡ
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ˣ˹¶һ֪ǵ⻹Цݡ
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ŷҶһ˹г
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Ҷƺһսֱӽ˱ᱻҧ΢ġ
СèҶﾡʪĴУƽһºŻ˵°ͣĿԡ
ŷЩ죬°ͱָ⣬һ˫Ưתת鶯ֻè˵΢촽¶˼ССļ
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ҶʵڳԲЩӪҺӪ࣬ڷʳʵرԺ󣬾Լַʳˡ
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󷹲õʱҶѾȳһĺŷҲ࣬⿾ĺġ
ϴٳԷɡҶѷ˶˵ϣ±¼ͽԼƵΧȹ⿪һ԰æŷ
ŷ㶣ĵĵá
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ֻҵһֻһεİ׳һΪ̫˲ĻûĴá
·ҴһΣӡһҪһǴȥµİɣҶ
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ҶΪʱˣЩԼûǰ׼·
Ǹǳȥɡ
ŷҡҡͷҶĿ΢ûиҡڿ㡣
⡭
ҡҸ㡭ҡҶͰ͵ĵ
ŷһԲĿ㣬ԡҡ
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Ϥĳһģһ
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ŷҲϴ룬ҶＱæֹһϴֵİųɹȰס
ϴһ׵ԺҶϳŵ·ʹ㻻
ϸոµϴˡɨػˡ˵ŷæ͵յʵҪ𣿡
ҶﱻʵĶ˶٣ŹֵĵҪȥ𣿡
ŷͣĶһʱѾӽҹˡ
ŶҪȥˡ
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ʱҶҲѾȥԡһ·߹ԭ·ˣҰϴ˻ûɣҪȴҵ·ȥɡ
ŷһ·̫ˣҪǴȥĻҶ֪Ҵ˵·ˣЦҵġ
ҶüȷʵǸ⣬·һAlphaĳ룬һδOmegaAlpha·ؼңǴСүҪǴȥˣ
ڳŸһףھ͸һ׹Ҷʵ
Щ·ûϴһ˱Թ˿·ô죿ŷ
ҶʱޱȵĺڣӦһɻżġ
ĻͲôˡ
ǡҶһʱ֮侹ȻҲ֪Ҫôˡ
ҽסһˡ·֪ҶΪѣŷƽĵ
ʲôҶﻹΪԼˡ
ŷѹѹҪǣѩ׵ĽѾڿߣٴظ˵ҽܲס


117 ǼԵ5
һס
Ǽܿ죬 㣬Ѿ
ŷ׹ѣʶķ˸ ̺ϡ
̺ܺõĽ׹⵲棬 ŷһֳ˯ȥ
ֻû˯ã˵İ׹ٴδ ̧ ı̺֪١
ŷü ۾Ҫ˹Ļصɺҹģʽ
ûڣ ǰ˺ڰУ û˰׹ĸţϮǰ˹Ϥ̫ůζٴλ˯ȥ
ϰ˵㣬 ŷë˹ ۣӳĲϤ磬 һֻ޳ֹǽڷĴ֡
գգ۾ЩӦ
ˣ
ֱͷϷһЩͳ ŷӦĵŤͷһ࿴ȥ
Ҷŷɵɵģ ûס̧Ǳ˯ҷɵĺڷ ɣ ͸һ Ҳ
ϴ Ȼ͡Ҷȥͣ ֻŷһڴϣ 㶰ָ̧ϸոҶĵط΢̡
Ҷͺܼ򵥣İࡢŴ׼һŷ׼ţ̺ܿʹ󹦸ˡ
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˼ҶﳶϴŵԼƵĿȥЩײΧȹߵſû̧ͷֱΧȹŷΧϡ
ΧϺȷֻҪתͲ¶ʲôҶ̧ͷվſڵˡ
Ȼͺһò΢ЦĿݻ˶ۡ

ҶЩεĻͷŷһۣȻݻ趨õģ޲ĿѾǩճɹԱʹٶĻǺŶ
˵꣬¼ſڣ˳ų趨·ߵַ뿪ˡ
ŷҶ߳ϻΧҶƵĲײΧȹѵϵһȸߵĿݱЦɨػˣЩҲǼ͵ĻˣԺͿϢˡ
ͦõġҶջطСϵߣһµ
˼СܸɵĻˣԽԵӵˡ
ҶһµĹȻͨ˵ѾˮƽˣɸӴϣԣǵСǮ²ᱻ
ΪϣСүŷҲǲƵģסķҶҲǺܴܺׯ԰
СƵطȣľһƽݣһؤ
ҶϿСæµΪط̫СײŵӣһסȻ̫СܾЩίŷ
ʵһ㶼ίŷ͵ʰϴСˣĵ˵ͷЩаְæˣʱͱˡ
ΧϵΧȹ£ŷ뵽ոҶæϹϵΧȹĳȸԾϲֳľ۾΢̣СȲͣĻΰΡ
ܿ𣿡ҶӸθķнѳԱһͼСү°ͣ˫㣬۾Ц
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ҶЦЦԱߣֻֻ̧Ͷ䵽УȻģӰɡ
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ŷǰ滹ΪҶ˵Ҫͱסеãڵ֪ǸһסĶֱɫԭͣµĽٴλĻζ졣
ʵðҲУͦõģҺϲ͵͵ĵ˵仰Ժʲôֵܴ󡣡
Ҷһº֣ðɣȷʵͦģϲ󴲣˯
磬ķӲǴĻǺܴģռȥһռ䡣
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ŷҶͻĶŵˣɲӵʱͻָԭ״ӵ˹ȥ
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Ȼ·ɣҶĽȥ
ٳʱ֮ķΧͱˡ
˵ʱ˻࣬ϤȲĻôھͲһΧ㹻ϵҲϤôһ߾ǰĬǢ֡
ŷһ·Ҷ֣ȫûй˼ɡ
ѡϣҶȫȨŷ
ỹнӽһڵʱ䣬ŷֱӰҶȥ˶ĵط
˵õʦҶﶨҶԼҲ˳ɫСͬȫͬװŷȥòƺܿĵģԼǿˢˢˢ
ҶʵͦԼǮģκȲϣСүǮֻܰվһߣ鱻ĸо
䵽ŷѾ˺ܶණˣ󲿷ֶҶĶҶͷðһ飬ʽ·ֻҪźÿͨͨ
ҪǵṩͷҶƴͷŶùЩ
䵽˶еˣرŷȥֻ֮ʣƣ
һƷ£պûŷ˵Ҫȥϴּ䡣
ҶﱾȥģǱܾˣֻڵˡ
ŷϴּʱЩ죬֪ΪʲôܾҶǰ˵ЩǺͻΡ
һ·ֱﲻס˲˵ԼҪϴּ䡣
Ȼϲǰʱʱֺ̱̿Լ
ŷţԾ¶һЦݣȥĽŲֱ࣬ƵAlpha
ӴȻиˣ
ٺ١ǡ
ǸOmegaɣ𣿷𣿡
ϹǸOmegaһĿҪˤڵϵAlphaһһAlphaͷǿ۾ŷƼ˰ɣһζûС
һֳΪ̫ŷʵ̲˲ܵһOmegaר䣬û뵽ͷôˡ
ŷɨɨΧĻڴ¥Ľڣûˣ·ƵAlphaסˣܶܲˡ
𽥱ƽŷΪԼẦ£ǰһֻŵ
ɳϵһ㶼£侲
ָϵɫֻOmegaģʽ֧ҩƾճϡ
ŷעǹʱOmegaֿŷڱ赲סǰͬʱŷƿҩݺݵϡ
ֻһĸߴAlphaô˵ϣȥ
Alphaأŷӱ߳ޱ̧ˣĿAlphaµλɨ˼ۣԥƬ̣ǲ鲻Ըķ˶Ӿ뷨
ٴε㿪ֻһֻèֱӳ˰С
ˣʲô㿪˽ģʽèһ˵һ߰¿أһˡ
˵һҳŷ
ǡ˹
ŷֻرգ³һ̧һЩҵķ˿죬ֱȷһͨһ¥ݡ
뿪Ժ󣬸ովĵطͻȻ˸
˵ĺܸߴһţѹȥAlphaʶĶ˶塣
ŷϣ
ɨһ۵ϵAlphaֿ˿Ѿյݣһζ
л˵ˣҶװXôϿɵĹˡ
˿ޱ飩ò


118 ǼԵ6
Ҳϲֻϲ㡣
ܿһھ͹ȥˡ
ŷǰһͱϣ˽ˡ
Ҷﴩϸո͹ һŷµ뺯š
ŵʱ ϣլ
һӺŮһϣ ЦŸմӻ¼ꡣ
ޣŷ ҵĶӣ Ư ֱ͸ʹһŮ
ĸסŷŮӭȥ
һᣬŷ֣ŷ εᣬ кܶӢAlphaҲóɼ˱
ĸףѾŷ
ޡǲǿǸAlpha
ǡŷҡҡͷ
ǣЩȣŷ ǿǡǸ˭
ĸף ҲμҵᣬʱܼˡŷЦЦ ûеһʱ˵ԼĶ˭
ԣ ҵı ϣҸҲû׷ʣ ŷ֣ˣĸ˵ܵ ֪ģ 㸸һǼĴæˡ
֪ĸף 硭͸׶Ϊǵļ壬Ҳǵġŷ
οĵ˵㣬ŷҵıĳˡ
ŷЦЦһȻȴЩ㱡
֪Ϊʲôղ˵ǡ硹ɻһȴôҲ˵ؿƵģֻøĳˡ硹
ܾá硹ƺʲôħһô׾ͽгǽбˣָ״硣
ߵ㣬ϣׯ԰
˹ܼҼδһ֧˷ԱɵĽӴſˡ
ҶԶͿϣׯ԰磬ֵ洫˽ĸߴͦΣϢǿAlpha
ׯ԰İղĸʽнֲά򣬲£ǽָͣͣλϡ
ƼҶ￴ڰյĳЦһ̾
Ҫׯ԰ߵʱһ޳赲סȥ·
һ𣿡ʵ
Ҷ˵ͷʵʲô𣿡
ûʲô£ֻһеµȻҲһˣһȥôЦ
ԡҶӦˡ
һ˽ǽ˽Ҳǽ𲻹ǰӰֻ顣
鵱ȻãܽύҲܺá
ҽôƺһһʵ
Ҷ
Ҷ¶졣
𣿡Ҷ
Ȼô˵еðȷʵе֣һǵһ֡Ц
ϰˣûʲôðġҶ
ʱΪֵⱻܶ˵
ȡֵķʽ˲࣬˵ķʽʱҲȽֱףÿ˶ĸѪһAlphaߴ׳OmegaСbeta֮䣬Ҳܺÿ
ֵҵʹõͨﻹҶϤԡ
Ҳˣܺܺõ硣
˲ׯ԰
ҹׯ԰ŸЩһ֪ǲΪƹԵʣŸˡ
˺ͻ˽һ𣬾ˮķҷ
ϣСүգ˻治ٰȤĵ˹ˣл塭ȻҲڣ
Ҷӹ˵ݹƣһݸ
лл㣬ҶӹЦ
Ҷҡҡͷʸո˵Ǽ嶼˭ˣһȻҲˣߴϣСү¹ȻǿѨ硣

Ҷһ̧ۿ˹ȥͼһӢһȺ˵Ĵӵ´˽
𣿡Ҷʵ
ȿ㲻֪𣿡
˵һЩҶ̧Ʊһھơ
Ҷ֪⻰ҪǴȥǻᱻġȤ
ȤԺɫԿ壬ǸѪAlphaϢغǿѹAlpha˵ûһAlphaֵ¼ֳ롣
ôҶüʵϣСүַʲô£
ָڱϣһȦЦŵҲ˵ʵֻб˲
´Ҷ֪ϣСүΪһǼսλˡ
ʼ磬ͣһھƺ˵ȥͼԭֵĻͻȻ˳š
еתͿ룬۵֮£һλòһòʢ
ϣСүȻ鴫ЦŵĿ£ȿԷŵʽʱȻһ١
ôе졣ƫͷҶȴϵʱͽȻ°ϸϸ
ûҶϴϣСүϴһİɫͬ⡣ĵ
ֻžȣȫȻûŷϣѾ˵лǣҲѾеһĽ׶Ρ
֪ķӦʱȻڳ˵Ŀ⽹㡣
λ޹ˣǳȻͣǰҵλãЦӯӯĵλӢһֻ𣿡
վұߵˣȻĻ顪Ҷ
ֻҶﺬЦĵ˵ͷһʿ񣺡
Ŀ֮£˾ôǣߵ롣
ΧAlpha׷¶⣬Сүѡ⣬ϾΪʲôСүҲûѡѡһǶʶAlpha
ѡңǹƺ벻ͨҶŷö֣Ŷ
ֻ˵뷨ҪŷЦŵ
ո˸ԡ
ʲôŷҶת˸󱳵Ҷﻳ˵Ϣ࣬һ顣
𡣡Ҷֻ˵һ֡
ŷ붮תʱ޳ֱ۹ҶĲϣҲϲֻϲ㡣
ҶЦһֻս͵ϸʾش⡣
ŷȴˣΪҶﲻ
˵ģȻǲʶãܾϤһܿģһʧ䣬ʱʱ̸̿ճһ𡣴Ӽĵһ濪ʼҾҾͶһˡ
ŷסҶϵ֣΢ͷһ档
ǡôĵִ˸߳ҶŷƳȥֿٵıڻ㣬װġ
ŷҶﾢ沿һǿʵţ´ţ᲻ǵĽչ̫ˣҺ֣ܲ
ᣬҺϲҶָ۹ǽߵĶСɿɰĶЦ
ŷӣֻñĶǱϸСĵһ£ĸо˳ŶȫӶе㷢
Ҷ
ţ
һ㡣
Ҷӡ
ǣͷͷŵһ㡣ŷ
Ҷͷ
ŷ»סҶĲǰȥԱƫһЩܵĶҶĶϣϢ뱻ǣΪˣȾϢ
˵Լ㣬ȫ㡣



119 ǼԵ7

Ҷ侲Գ֣ ȿɿʧ̬
Դ壬侲ͱòһ
ֱִ󵨵Ļ뵽ǰ ǰǰǸҲ׵׵غһ
ʧȥ˼䣬 
Ҷ§ŷĳ׵׵ı̤ʵˡ
硣ŷͻȻ һ Ҷﻳﹰ˹ͬʱһ ԭ֮ǰв硹Ϊ粻һⲻ ϲеô˳죬 ͺйһ
ϤĳƺҶ˿һЩ ָĦƬϸµƤ 
ͷŷεĿ£ ĺ촽ȥ
ŷ
ȻڴʱһϵҶĶ
Ҷ̧ͷ ŷ󷽿ȥ ͼһĸߴ׳ ŷмƵվȺǰ üһĿǡ
ͣˣ ڳ˶վΧֻҶŷ˻վ룬 ̬ܵıһ
ʶǾȻ˵ĹͶ ҶЩ˼ӣ Ľŷſ
硣ŷ߹ˣ
ŷ֪Լʲô𣿡ӵϣ
֪ŷ˵ͷҶֱ۲֡
ӵ¿һ㶼ŷ˾Сĵܵôǻ˸Ƶģˣеˡ
ϲ𣿡ӵЩѵŷˣɲ˵ػŵ
ǵģ磬Ѿĸ˵ˡŷ
ĸѾ֪ˣӵüѵȫҾ֪
ⲻˣոջΪŷǱ˺ƭᱡģá
ҹܵܵˣŻǲˬ
ӵɫƵĿҶڵһ£ͱŷһۡ
ûбԼܵܵɹļӵ£̳͵һŲŭס
磬Ƕأкһ¡ŷĵ˵겻ڳɫҶҪ뿪
ϧû߼һ˵סǵȥ·
ŷþòһƣߴͦεľһɽһ·
ŷûҶҪƹǰߣǿָ
ôǰһʱ㻹˵ҪһšЦ
ŷͣ½Ų룬ǻͱˡ
ʲô𣿡ŷ侲ʵ
ûʲôֻͻȻͦõģѡ
ŷ̧ͷһĮҪھܾͱס֡
λʱӦÿˣŷѾҵˡҶյ֣ſЦ
ֻѣֲţһлᡣ˻αľƣĵ
̬ɢ˵ŷûʲôҪģһƷ
ҶЦݣ̧ͷһûᣬԶС
ƽֱҪı飬ü۾Ѿľˡ
ûиҲҪһŰ˵ϷŪˡ
رǸ˻ļϺǻı
Ҷ͵ˣӽ翪ʼΪܸõȥЦݹߣкǷС
ʱһϰ˰ЦݹϣԶºͺ͵ӡ
ϵЦһգǱѹסоð˳һ㶼ߣ֮ȻҪΪݣǸ⻣ˡ
ڸӵ¸˹
˵ʵڵģǸС
ԼѪĿˣŴĵܵġ
ܵܺòתϲ˱ˣһõӣԽѵͿˬļһˡ
𣬱ʲôطӵӲĵ
𼤶ֻŷ˵仰ôôĿң·һЦЦĵ
Ҳ˵𡣡ŷҵʵҲϲ㣬ֻǳǿ߶ң㲻ˣǿ𣬿˸𣬿˿Ҷһ̬ȡ
ŷ⻰˵ƵǺܲˣĸһĶܲˡ
ȻĺǿǳǳǿΪǴѪAlphaӳھûйκδۣλ֮ӣÿһ˶˵ÿһ仰ǷС
OmegaϲҲAlphaݳƳȻԼ֪õһжӦøлѪɾô˴̴̵˵ɾڴڳЦѪһǴ
˵ͷŭЦĵܺãŷ˼ҵһǿ𣿡
Ȼǿҵػ񡣡ŷԺĵ
ػȻᲢۣŷҲ̫߿˰ɣһСмɨҶ˵Ҷﳤ࿡ǿɾƤ̫ˣԵġ
ĸߴ˵ƤǽĹͭɫһͺǿ׳
СҶüǵһ
ȻҪȱ𣿡Ҷﵭ
ȣʲôЦЦЦֹ
ôЦҶҲץŷеĺܡ
Ц˿ֻ̬Ĺ˹ЦҲ
Уȣڡ˵꣬ҲʲôأһţڶѪAlphaϢؾô˳Ǻҹѩִ̹ǣΧѪȽϵ͵Alpha׷̲סҪڵء
AlphaOmegaرǻûбǵOmegaҲӰĸΡ
ӵܽϢѹ亹ֱðѪҲǸ߼ɸѪȻе㲻
ˣڳOmegaأӵ¼ѵĵĿһɨȻOmegaɫľҪӣOmegaϢصζй
ҪǿϢضAlphaѹãЩվOmegaļAlphaҪ˫ĿѪ˹ȥˣ
Ҷֻŷϵ¶ʸߣҲˣĿ񡣻ҶΪʲôͼһҧ޺ĴǺ͸͸ģССĺ棬糺ʱֱò԰
Ҷ״ɫ΢䣬ɿסŷһֻ֣һǰ۵ѱٳ˼Ѫӡ
˺ԼһӡҶ۵ĵ
ִֻ˺۵һ£䣬ȫûֿкʲôˣŷԭҲˣ롣
ô£㾹Ȼһ㶼Ӱ졣̬Ҷﲻŵĵ
룬ѲСһǴѪAlphaΪʲôܲԷϢز
Ҷûˣǰ׼ݵֱϽţѻڻеĿһ߷ڵء
ԸķӸµĿڵطǱֵ˵
ҪվȴҶֹסˡ
ټһºôҪôңϾǰôװ棬ô׾ӹȥ
ϧҶûиᣬ׼Ѩһߣֻñߵĵطһ飬ȻͶˡ
Ҷŷߣֻϻ̣װ治ɷ㣬ˣҪҹ뿪

ҶѿԺ󣬸ӵ´кʹȻԾŷ뿪ˡ
ǱʲôסһŷſҶﻳֻСһȥԽԽֻҶﱧˡ
硭ŷĻסҶĲߺߵָ·һͨͨģ˾ƵСһ
Ҷһʼ֪ŷΪʲôֱżϤ㡣
뵽ոջ᳡мOmegaҲ״̬ʲô׵ģϾǼֲҲǰ׿ģ
ɰֲдģŷǱϢˣԲű
ΪҶܲϢأ֪ʱͷųϢжǿ
ڳ˳ͻ⣬񶼱Ӱ쵽ˣӦúǿɣ
Ҷﱧŷ߱ţЩζ
ŷȻ˵ϢعҪˣȻ֪ǲɿЩ׸óԻǵóԡ
һ·˳ŷָķ䣬ҶﻹûŹغŷѾˡ
һ顣
ҶֻԼ˱ʲôŰ죬ζͱˣѪζڴݼ䡣
𣿡ҶﲻĴ𿪣ŷ°̧ϸϸĴ̺һƬĴ꣬ʲôطˡ
ֻǻûŷֲ磬ҡ§ҶĲ
Ҷһ䡸ǡġǺơ
Ϊͬǣһ㶼ܾ롣
һ·ӵǣһƬС
ԽŨʢ䡣
ŷ׼һԼĸ߸ߵģ˫ֽҶﲻɿ
ҶͷСĵŷüۡǼ⡢աֱһèУͣ
ŷ˼֣ɫ΢䣬кֱӽŵĴèӳ⡣
˹մѣᵽ˵Ϣûüʺã;ʧأǰһٻʱѾӳˡ
Žյķţ˹̽ԵצģһûʲôŮѿ߼Ȩģʽš
˹
#һҲ˴ӷӳˣŻȨô죬ߵȣ#

ŷ˹ӳȥȨԺŷĵĳȥ
δǰͷüͷţƺڷʲô
ˣŷﴫˣʵ
ǡҶվһŷ
ŷһĿٴαԭѹסĻȣ׵ɾ
˻δˡ
ҶۼֿĽ˽סûϢأҲ֪Ҫô㡣
ŷʵʲôҲҶģģ֣ǡ
硭ҶֻŵԼĺ󾱴
ҶֻԼĵط⻬壬ָкܺã̲סวŪ˼ѣȻͲСһСС͹
ź棬͹°һǴʲôأԭŨֵԽŨˣ֮ǰ㰲ֵŷͻȻƺһƿ硭
Ҷʶջ֣ʧȥ֧ŵŷ˲ҪڵأҶ֮ȥհȴֲ֪ȵʲôǰȥ
˫˫һƬС
Ҷͷǿĵʲôۡɾʱ۵ĵƹͻȻϨԭڰĻͻȻһǹ˲䲼ߡɫǿգ貵ƣʤա
ҶȫȻŲùǿȫȻ˻ﻹŸĥ˵С
ʱֻʣһƬ塣
磬ҡŷĵͷҶס
Ҷﱻ׵ĺһ٣˫̧Ų֪÷ںδ֪һɸϤ⡣
һ˱ۣʱ۵һƬīɫ
Ը𣿡Сɵ°ͣʵ
ŷͷҪȥ֣һ仰˵ֻбҶֱۣıʾԼԸ
һƬǹ֮£Ҷ︧ǹ⻬ı֡
߻ƶǸ߸һѩ׵Ĳ̲סȥһǰһḧ󾱡
ŷȻսĺУҧȥ
硣ŷѵĺβڷϲˮ
ţڣȻŷΪ鶯һǺܿġҶһƬµĺ޵ӡۣһָȥ˼¡
ŷΪ鶯ġŷѵĵǼͨͨģϵϢأŷ˵ѵֿҩŷֻΪԡ
Ҷﶯһ٣ͷҧҧǿɰСɵĶŷŵҵϢأ
š
ʲôζ
̫ŷ˲̫һζ
ǡҶõЦЦŷΪ鶯
šŷ˵ͷŤͷҶｻһܵǡ
ŷһǱϣҶ佱
ŷΪ鶯ġ
Ҷţ˷㵸ԽԽ
һС̫䡹һֱˡ


120 ǼԵ8
У
Ҷû뵽Ǽʴ̵ôֲڣ Ȼ΢˵㣬ҲڰѴ
ʵǰҲܱ粵ʲô
ڴϵĵӶ߼棬 ȥǴĵط
Ҷｫŷ һˮЩŵҪ뿪
 ֻǡŷû˵ȥ ֻǵͷ¿һۡ
Ҷ˳߿ȥ ĿİԲĶϿãŵЦһ ָ̧ȥ
ŷôСˡ
ŲŲǡŷҶֱۣӻģֻһ˿ǡ
ֱ˰ץȥ ԲɰĶϣ ߵͳĵŷԼǲСӣ ᶯء
ŷһæԼֳ 鿴Ҫˡ
ҶҲûϷŪ °Ͱת Ǻβ
ˣ ŷޡС
ŷҡҡͷûϵգԼҶ֣ ŵԼĺ󾱴 ￴ѾһƬˣ ǳǳӡ֡
ζ̫ԣҶεЦЦСķ£ֱٴȥ
˹˯һϣڶʮ㣬ӵ³˷ſڡ
˹ôŷأ
˻û𴲡˹վ˶
û𴲣ô治ȥӵɻĵ
Ҳе֣˹ȻǸˣͬʱֻèƳгûþͱϣ͸ʮһŷһһĸһֱܺãŷÿ궼˹ŵоԺȷϵÿһո
˹ȻֻΪϵͳԵʶŷһֱ׽Ͼŷ꣬ŷҲϲǰĶҪӸǰѼˡ
һһèʱʱ̶̿һ𣬾˯˯ͬһ
ʱӵ¶ã˵ŷȻ׽˹
ڿ˹ſڷſڣŷڣŻǹŵľͲЩ档
Ҳ֪˹ҲһãȻҲǵһ
ӵe˓eͷû׷ȥŷ˵һ˯
תҪ¥һͻȻ뵽һЩ¡
˹ŷ⣬ûпˣӵʵ
ˣ˵ķôˣ˹ƺܲ⡣
ӵ£˹һˣȻܻɸ໹ġ
ˣŷӦҲˡӵµ˵ǰţȴͻȻˡ
һ˴˳ֻɫңڰ볨ţ¶һСƬ½ʵ״š
ǵĺ۱·֣ŨصĺɶɵϢüӵ˲ƵʨһëըͷƤ˼
㡭ˣĿʲôɫ˲ͱˡ
ʲôĺȵŷأ
Ҷһŷˮģ뵽һžȻδϱ״磬Щ顣
ֽ̧·ĿۺãҶｫŰ˳żӵЦЦãŷ˯
ʲôԶ׼ʲôˣ˶ܿóֻ˵ˡ
˭磬ҡӵüҪѵҹܵܣһû־ͼıܵܵåɻûѻ˵꣬һ԰ڵֱ˴ˡ
ֻŷʹһһ̿߳ӻЩԺģ۾ſҶԺ󣬾ҶϣҶĲӣһڡ
硭Ž˲ҶĲȻûзҶ滹վһѾȫȻýӲ״硣
Ҷ§ŷô٣ڳڣ˽ݣİŹϡ
ˡӵ¿±ϵķţһԺֵ︡ȫŷղŵӣĺۣѾӶûŹɼåж
ƭܵܽи磬ŷûôܵĽйأ
Բܵܽˣԣӵȭ۵棬ŭ뿪ˡ
ҶټӵʱڳԷʱ
סĵطŷ˽ׯ԰ϣϣ˶ڣֻмӵһԷ
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磬ᣬٰࡣŷĵ
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ŷ΢Ҳûòͣ°߶Ҷ￴
ֻǿſǲʲôŤͷǰüԱסҶһ衣
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ǲŷ޸ҶɼܲסŷԼⰡӣŷҲġ
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Ҿһ㶼ŷĿϣָʱʱɨ⣬ڵȴʲô
ӵ¼ˣһӾû̵滰飬ҶͨæѻһܱĶԺķڸô죿Ƽ𣿡
Ƽɲãӵš
ողŷ֣ܵѾǸåˣȻһ㶼ܲŷбǹϢ
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ĸܲǾֻǸåˣ϶ǲܱOmegaAlphaеë
Ƿ϶ҲôУҪ֪һAlphaOmega뽻ôҲһһҹϱǾԿҹǿһֱҹʲô
åǶãҹһҹֱ̫ˣ
Ȼ˵Ļϵ󣬿˵־ܸܴܵȥ
Զ׼ǲеģһҪ˵ŷ⡸С˸ߵ
˭˵ûǣŷһĪҶϢŨе㲻˼ˣ
ӵһøԼҵֻܵʵеΪ飬һֲܵԺڲԸУϻûܵ˵
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ͬʱܵһŨְԵϢسѹھ
ӵֻϢرȿĻҪѹˣҪֿȴݺݵѹϣá
Ȼǣһ붼ûֿܵס
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121 ǼԵ9
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˻ͦģ ȿǿΪܰѿſֻ û뵽ȻʵȻ ŷҲͦõġ
ǼҴҵ ҪСӶŷã Ҳеǰ취Ը
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Ҷյſھͱܿˡ
Ҷ ʱ䶼æʲô٣ ȥҸ뺯㻹ڡܿԹ
˼ȷʵȽæ ˵뺯 ͨʱ˵ˣ ϲ顣ҶЦ
ٺ١ܿЩ˼ͷʵҾ̫ˣǺļǶϿ충顣
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ĶʽҶҲ̫ѧһѧܹкôġ
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ֱһ˵ǸǷ˵ʱͼɯʹݣһ·׷浽֮һǣľסء
һǧʮ꣬ûͣЪ
ļ֣ҲΪóԸĹڷɯǰ˵ԡ
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ǰŮOmegaһЦ˳
ҶЩĪΪʲôҪЦ֪ܿЦʲôֵҶ¿һ㶼
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ܿſڸҪشҶ⣬ҶǰλŮOmegaеһλȴһشˡ
Ҷ￴ȥŮOmegaҶ㶣ЩΣ̬Ҳþнûһʼ⡣
Ϊʲô˵Ҷû쳣׷ʵ
ΪΪŮOmegaСĵƳƳҶһ仰Ͱ͵ôҲ˵
һһOmegaЩЦļ磬󷽷ĿҶ㽲ɡ
Ϊġ
仰ջʱҶֻǰһ黰٩˵Цֱ˰˻ϡ
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ʶĴɳϣ˹˸ضţ֪Ϊʲôܸоʱ˸ǰ˺ܲһ
ҹŷҶСèһȥ
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ԭҪեɣûȥСOڿòˡ
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ŷصĿһɨͻȻסˡ
#ûһAlphaֿܵסջȵҹͲһݣ#
ŷţԽԽ죬߳ܵҳصɵûãһһֱµˣ
굥ͰˣȷĴӴûȦžͱˡ
һͼݻһ΢ЦĿﻹһƽƽСӡ

ҶصѾˣΪܿ赸
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˶ôɰˣҪٲϣΪˣ
ǰ䣬ٴӷ䵽ԡңִԡһص䣬ŷֻôԽԽֱӳʧȥʶ
ʱԡңʶӣϰԵҪģʹùȵɤһ仰˵
ҶһЩ˼ӣٴμϤСһСľͼ˵㡣
˴ˮ̳ԡãŵϣְ߰Ĵʰãֽ˱ϡ
Ҫ뿪ʱסˣҶ̧ۿȥͼŷż죬Ҫȥġ
ȥ㵹ˮԡҶͷ
ŷ˳ҶֺһˮžûĺһЩԷһڣȻƣɵ˵ˡ
Ҷֱۣʵŷոյıֻ𣿡
ҶͷǸСãһ⡣
ԣŷǺܵ⣬̧ϸղ˲ҶţԺҪȥСO
֪ΪʲôҶͻȻһԼ֣Ѳʹùˣ
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ҪΣٺùҲ÷ϣԻǵýưҶ
С̫ɰˣ˵СèСꡢС
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ŷԥһ£Ҷϣ־Ҫ⿪Ҷ·
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ŷҡҡͷû˵ĬĬĿţҧŴûһ
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ǸԺOmega𣿡
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ûôģһŷ͹ˡ
ȵȣŷΪʲôôʣѵΪ˵Ļ
Ҷü˵Ļǲǻţ
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Ҳ֪仰ĺ壬֪޾ׯصĳŵʱܹǰ֪仰˼Ҳ֪һܲôİѻ˵
ʱңڣ֪仰˼һ˵
ŷҵķɯ
ԸҶ𣿡Ҷʵ
˵ǰ㶵ȻſģŵĶ˻ϸĲϣ˿
ŷֻòӹʲôЩȣǴ˵һʶָ̧ȥ˻Ǵɵɵûع
ȻͬĻڲϵҲϤҪᡣ
һֱԺģģɢɢļȫʱѾȥ˼ͻˡ
źЦȴ𰸵ˣͻȻ˹ȥ˽ıס
Ը⣬磬Ը⣡


122 ǼԵ10
һ꣩
ŷӦҶĶ Ҷ˵ʲôԼͺĿʼְŸˡ
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ŷ֯£Ҷϣϣ˳һٷ λ˶Ҷ⡣
Թ ϣһӣ Ҷһ׳ĵĿƼ¥Ϊ
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ؼĶ󻹺⣬ Ҷ˼һһؼҾ˹µвƲ Ȼڵڶһ磬 ЩƲȫҶǰ
Ҷһűӵϵ߰һЩʲ֤ׯ԰ԿԼһû޵ǿʱЩЦá
ס ݺݵ˼ڣŵЩԼպã ҪϽƲҲϽ ȻҲûжٻ
˵ Щ˼ˡϾʱ̫̣ Ҳû׬Ǯ
ҵľǸģ ЩǸġŷգգ۾
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ŷɵĵͷҶŪ ǴջȥԺϴ ҶﻳΪϲ
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Ҳ˵ô˵ΪֺŷΪȷʵϲŷÿһ棬Ǻ벻á
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ԣܿһ˲ŻȻֲҴûмλδޡԭǼٵİ
һתĵҪˣôû߼Omegabetaأ
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˵ţҶֱ۵ս˼֣Ҳ˹һֻСճһġ
ҶﺬЦͷŷԸлл008ն࣬ȻҲӵд˿̵Ҹ
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ѳͷźãҶǱСһŷ
ŷʶĻסҶĲ˫ȼļϣһֻצһҶǵʵʵġ
ҶҲţƣڷȥĺˡ
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ֲҲãҲãﶼҲίĵ
Ҷ۵ĵǸ֤˵´βˡ
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ĸ߸ĳֲǸ𰸣ìܵĲС
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ǰȢСүǸ֪AlphaǺø
ҪOmegaʲôУ

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ŷıһ糣ڷĿ󻹿˹ЦЦ
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