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ߣJQ
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ٽϯԨʮ꣬ľšAlphaòomega
ڶԵһսУӢѳְΪ뷨طͬھ
û뵽۾û뵽Լͬʱͱ˼ΪĸߵеһԱ
Ϣ£
ϯԨ
Ա۳档
䣺ʮꡣ
ǰalpha۳ϯԨһҪԱomegaˣ
ϱôҲǸҶⱲӾȻӮԸָֻʹмұ۳棿
һֱ--̡
̵ǣ۳ʮ꣬۳ҪѡһƳΪ̡ϯԨλѾ׵ĴƳ档
ֻǩֽա
psߣܳ󣬴ҲҪվˣǰڽ
-
ݱǩ Խʱ Ǽ 
ؼ֣ǣϯԨϣά
һ仰飺ΪصҳΪ
⣺ն߳Լ·


1 
ϯԨ۾˿̵˿ڱȫڵɫҺС
㱼䣬ǳըǰ
ϯԨǸ¶ĸǡ
ڶǳսУӢѳְΪ뷨ͬھȴûԼʹȥ
ĪĳľռУۼ֤˵ľɢ
ʱ״ֻ̬ȶԷһЩΨһ취ǾںǰɢľƬȻΪˡ
ϯԨֻһӾ˾
ΪڡΪ׳ĸԸⲻš
ҪȥͷŹ˾ںϵḶ́ںϹеʹ඼òֵһᡣ
⣬֮
ںϹУȻǰɢµľƬȴûжõϢڱҪڲ֪Ϣ£αװˡ
ֻܿбġ롱ڻġ
ܲһ̣Լҽ޸˳֪ⶫܰڳҲֻ۳á
ţȵȡ
۳ʲôʲôͻȻĳ´ʻϯԨĬˡҪϸȥʱһεεεľ
޸죬Ӧʾ޸ڵˡ
ԼʮϯԨŲȻҽʿģ˿ŵ޸ա
ߵ޸Ա߲ţһ޸ڵҺȥ϶Ǹˬޱȡ
ŸӴ򿪣¶޸ȫֻ˼ڿޱѸ٣ûһ׼ʱ䡣
ϯԨǳ鴤һ£βûг̫áܿͱһɲŷƲתƵһߵϡ
һϯԨǰҽʿǵ١֫ಢûвͬһЩɻΪʲôг塣
ΪǰٽϯԨѹһ̾ȷԼѾڵˡ
ȻڵôԺиֵġ塯ָӦþԼ֡ԼǱ˼ô
Զȵϸ߼Ʋվܿ岻һһƼǳߵȵ
쳨¶ƬؿڴԲεİɫƬ
ڲڣϯԨһԵĽż顣
װԼûлʿϵĺΣȥΪʲôǺļ飬ȴһԼڱ͵Ϸĸо
ϯԨȥ֣װʧʵץʱ۲⻷ȡϢϧܿһУ˽ԭġϯԨǸʲôˡ
ʱڸҽڡ
ϯԨ£ָĺ룬̫ˡ
ϯԨֺԼһʡӦʱ䡣ƺϯԨ£ƺ͡
ڸоôûﲻҽº͵Ŀ˵
֪ǲǴҽ̬ϯԨԼǲһĸоϯԨеֵͬʱеϤļӸС
ˡ
ⲻalphaomega̬ô
ϯԨйŹ֣ȴҡҡͷûС
ǰΪɢµľ嶼һȻûûʹġҪ˵еĻǾɵʱ̫ˣԼ᲻
ϯԨ˵ûҸоԼܺá
ҽЦЦΪ򶨼Чûûˣõģָо̫õģ
ô£ΪʲôᱻҽԺϯԨȻ죬׻ҼǵһȥˣȻʲô
صƣԲ֡
ȻҽûлɣֻЩֽŵ˵ǵˣѵʲô֢
УټһαȽϱա
ϯԨû뵽Էô񾭹ֻ÷˵û£ֻǸеҡ
ҽ˿û¾ͺá
ˣ֪ͨԶ¹ҽ˵ŷԸһԵĻʿȥԶ£ϯԨˣ֪ͨϯԨµļˣϢ
õģΣϾȥʿӦȥ
ϯԨüͷ΢û뵽ҽô˵
Լڳ֪ʲô֪ҪǼϯԨļԼ˵ʲô
ȻԤϣǡ
ϯԨ£ϯԨ£𣿡ҽ
ع񣺡
ҽ£ʵ֪Ҳࡣ
ǰġ
Ϊ򱻹ľʱѾˡҽ˵˶٣ǰλ۳±ʱģ
˵ֻֻƳ棬ֱó治š
ΪûкʹƳ޽ӣû취ҴƳֻܸעƱҩ
˵ʱҽҲھȡ
λ۳ܾȻãֱܵƾȻܹ޸
ҽǶɥʧĵʱȻʼƽƽ
оϯԨԾƾҩʹҩҲǶԾȵ롣
Ƴ桱һϯԨ뵽۳桱оųɰָӦǳԱԼ=۳棬ƳָӦеŮԣ
ĬĬĽҽ˵ĻȫЩȥ˽İ
ҽߣǲţȻдƳôݵ֣Ҫɱ
ԷΪԼƽϯԨ˵һ䣺ûϵûˡ
ᰡ
һα˵ϯԨ
ȷԼղŵԷǴᡱġ
ϯԨĬһ˵ô
еģҶϯԨ˵ǸϢءҽĿһ˿УľȼԭB+A
֪ΪʲôڶԷע£ϯԨ뵽ȥomega׷ӣⲻҪԭľֻB+ôԼԶ˰
ΪǰΨһ3sߣϯԨ¶һЦû뵽A̫ˡ
˵ЦʵҲǹ˹ǡ
ģȥЩģ԰͵ӺȾһĨЦ⣬ʹת˲ȴҲǰҽ
ҽǴƣҲᱻ۳ǰϯԨ¾Ưۡһ뵽ǶϯԨµȥֵĴƳ棬ֻöԷɥĲ񲻿ˡ
ʱϯԨ֪İĳA͡۳桯ʵһζʲô
ϯԨ̩Ȼѯҽղ˵֪ͨԶ£˭
ҽĻԶӦúǰʶٽǰǱµԶĳпǾְԱ
ϯԨܸܵ򶨼ЧڼˣηϵָţװԼûע⵽ҽԼյΪ
ܲáաʣʱֱвʹһ֪ԴϯԨ͸о˵Ĺ졣
Զҽ֪ʲôҪڻشͱͻϡ
Լܰɡ
ǴſڴģϯԨҽȥͿ˵ǸŸ۾ʽꡣ
лҪ˵
Һ
ĲǴСǾӴԨcp֤ǽѼ<(3)>
л϶ߵ֧֣趨Է֪󣬵˽ôôա
лףY븡ĵףо?~~
ԨcpȽӴվcpq(A`)r


2 
۳汣ЭᣬԶкʮֿ׵˵ϯָĲ
˿̣ϯԨ֪ԼҪԵʲô
ǲ
ϯԨǰԶԼ̬˵ķܣǺǰгǹõαװԶ̬Ͽںߡ
뵽Զ˵۳汣Эᣬ֡ô͵omegaЭһ
ôˡ
ӡﱻĶȺ壬ԼǰȺ塣
ʹԼľȼڵAҲӦñΪߣ˵иľȼձߣ
ϯԨ־òԣҽϲʵģ˵˾ΪAĸбȻϡٵġ
˼ʱҽеӭȥЦޱ顣
Զ£ˡ
ϯԨǰһĻ͸¶鱨ԿҽԴԶ̬ȺܼУԶǺӦ̬ȣôƽԶӦòȱֺˡ
ҽԶ̬оЩϤղҽԴԼƺҲϯԨ˼룬ҽԶʱ͸¶һҪ塭ԡ
ˡ
ҽϯԨǰģalphaomegaʱԡ
AO֮ĳڱܻżѵҲǲˡŶԣó˵Ƕǡ۳桱
ϯԨЩѽ⣬۲ǰ桱ͼøϢ
Զò΢Ц˵ҿԽһ̸ôᵢϯ̫ʱġ
Ȼԣ㡣
ҽӾȻϯԨ˿ɬζеɻˣֵôǿô
ûԶҽʲôı֡
ǱԶѯҽĹôȻá
ϯԨµĹڱܴȥ֪ͨ͹
ˡ
Զ²ÿھȥùҽɿĻش
ϯԨǵĶԻһԲɻ󣬵ڲǽĺʱ
ҽ뿪
Զ£ҽʱαװжȥĵ˵Ӧ֪ʲô
˵ԶЩͱӣϯԨˣԴ˿⡣
ǶǰģԼʲôϵԶ⣬ȡȨķʽʶԷ̬ȱԶӵĶӡ
ϯԨЦһΪʲôҪ֪ʲôġ
΢΢̧°ͣɫƽעԶȴ
۳汣Эô۳ģҲˡϯԨ̽
ǰʲôԸ˵⻰ᱻɣֻΪڷйľſ־塣
һ˲۳ܸʵķййһ۳桱֯йܺ
ʵļŭԷΪ˸õĻȡ鱨£Զ˵Լ֪Ķ
ϯԨԶɫȻѿʱ֪ԼĲԳɹˡ
Զ⻰㶼˵ĳϯԨǲҪǰɣ
ֻֻ̣ƳôƴԶһֻƳѣҪʧİ취еǣƫƫѡ֡
ŪԼˣֵ˭ң˵Զ΢侲һЩ
Էˡ
Ҷ۳涯֣ɱһֻ۳档ڵ۹˭Ȳʲôû⡭
ϯԨԶĻҵ˵죬ЩǴһؿأ໭⧲ĴԺ
ôƫƫʱ
һδļڣԭǿѹ²űƽȵľ񺣣ĳ²ɱٴζ
ϯԨʹֵסͷСصʹĻ治Ͻ֣ǰļ䡣
ǱԶ˵˵ŷһֱûϸһŷͷɫ԰ףϸ亹
⿴һ̾ͻȥӣԶһ
ϯԨôˣ
ϯԨ㻹ʶô
شҡ
ϯԨûþԼľ񺣡
Ҫںһ˵ľôףǲƵľҲһ֮ڳӰ졣
ԶղŵĻЩд澫еЩԹޡʡ糱ˮײľռ䣬ٶʧؾͱ̶ֹⱩ
ڽ˺üûеõӦԶˡ
ģϯԨΣѹҪϯԨʱ£ٶǣԼϡ
뵽Զܣҽ
۳ˡ
רΪ۳濪VIPܰⱣ֤۳治ܵĴţͬʱҲг澭ʱ䡣
ԶЩڣ֪ǸǴˣڻҪԼܳҽ
ֻʣϯԨһˡ
ϯԨ˵ǸϢûԶڳҪڷֳ߻רѹеı
ԼҪԶǰһУҪսپˡ
Ӻ
ϯԨľƽЩɵĳԼǿѹҲ޷Ӱ쵽Լ
Լˡ
ΪںϺѡʱϣȴû뵽ЩķЩʧ̬
ԼڼһУϯԨЩӡ
ǶͻȻðļǰĹȥЩ˽⡣
һμˡϯԨ⣬һͬϯԨƱų۾ĴƳ档
ǵģƳ档
˸˶ʧȥķֱ份ѣҽΪʲôԼԶôˡ
ΪҽǴƣԶ۳档
۳ԴƳǴƶױȵֻǴӼпϢϯԨЩࡣ
֪Ǹ²Ա𹹳ɣԼ治Ǹ
ڿμǿҲеһҡ
ԭĴƳ۳滹ǴƵûвģһڴ˿̲ҪҪǣӼ﷢ǰܺ߶ʩߡ
ϯԨУǰΪֱԳƵսūֳָʹʹŹԸּ̣ұĶ˶ñһе
ϧȻͬ
ȻǶμǳ̣ټϴԶǵϢ۳ĵλµ֪
ƳĵλҪĻҪ͡
佫֣ܺߺʩ߻ϯԨüҲֻˣԼǻһѡ
ʱǰֻ·ҪôںҪôԼľȥɢ
ϯԨѡţʹκεԼη壬ǹǰ
ֻû뵽ǣǰֵÿ
Լϱô˵ҲȫŮˣⱲӳֻӶµȥֵĳӡгֵɻɣԼĻֻǡϯԨճһ֡
ϯ
Ĭһ֣ǰĸ磬ҲԶֻɱǰĴƳ桭ʵǲѾɱԼеڶ֪
ϯԨ鸴ӵĿſڣԶҲôҽˡ
ԶԼͨϯĴǷ̰ʩҪôܺߡ
ˣԶ˵˺۳ڵ۹֪ϯ³һʮҡ
ǣѯʡǰĴϯܸĳͷ⡮ϯԨ⣬ʵ벻˼
ΪôϯԨֻԭ¶Էĳ棬пܵرöԷĿͷ


3 
Զҽʱ򣬾ͿϯԨݵϡ
ûˣԶЩɻ
ղЩѾˡһ仰
ԶѹŭϯԨǹġ
۳棬˭˭߹
ϯǺϯԨǸӵģװģĸ˭
Զüͷ˵Ҳûãҽ
ҽһ¡
ԶҽǰϯԨģԶʱߵܴ˵Լ۳˲
ϯԨ¡ЩţҽҪһգȻû˵ͱܾˡ
ϯԨá
Ǽһ°ɣԴ۳棬ҽҴ⣬ĵĻ˵Щʲô
ϯԨ̬ȼʲô⣬ԼȫȨ𡣡
ҲҽشҽϵĶŵҵĹ԰ɣԸô
ҽһ£ʶеĹԵ˹ȥ
ллϯԨӹԡ
ڡϯԨļмᱡɫСֻ࣬۵ϸոպá
۵ԶҽϵĹƶϳģϴָĺɫĺơ
ԹҽԶڿ̸̸
ԶͷԼ侲
ȷ԰ɣԶ˵꿴ҽǿάԼõ˼鷳ҹһˡ
Ļ͸ղźĵ̸
ҽ˿ֿ˿ԶɵĵͷҾͲλˡ
ֻʣԶֻһȿڵϯԨ
ϯԨ΢΢ӣαʵģ:ϯôˡ
ڱѺڼ/ҡԶû˵ʲôֵĻҲͽ˹״̬
/ңȥͲ̫á
ϯԨüͷأҪġֻǱѺڼ/ҡ
Զǲı֡
ʵϯϯҵĴƳ桢ϯԨֳֻƾɱһֻ۳͸ץĵһʱ䱻ִоûִֻΪϯԨһֱû
ϯԨˣôϯоͻģΪ̡ϯԨˣϯоȻҪΪ
۹۳һƫĵģϯΪƳϮ۳һ̣Ѿд̡νġءֻʹɹٷִУϯԨܵĻš
Զ治ɫ۳汣ĿǰִоһȻݽΪūȥĻŻǡ
ϯԨдΪ𾪣һǼȻūĲڡ
̾ԼֵĵǸʲô̯ӡ
ҪֲܣʵڹȥԼһءϾôϯ򶼲ӦôصĴ
ϲԣȴޱȱ䣬³ĻǶ񶾡
ɱңĴ˵Ҳ̫ˡ
ϯԨѾԼλˣԼҪݵһִֶֻֻ񶾵۳档ڸôϯҲѾˡ
ôԶĻһƽ˵:ԾĽ֡
Ժһϱ֪ͬᷢͨĹϣʱֻҪͬͺˡ
ϯԨüζĵ˵ڡңôӦÿ̽Ӱɡ
Ͼô˵Ҹ粻ô
ԶšüȻԣҾûбҪ
ȻбҪֱӲԶĻЦЩ̣Ҳô֪ôء
ȻǾ͵Ժ̸ɡԶӶ˵Ҫߡ
ϯԨ̧Щô鷳
Ǽ/ģ϶֪
Ȼһȥʡˡ
ԶɵĿ⻰ʲô˼
ҪԺϯԨĸ֡
ڿЦԶϯԨˣԼ治Ӧý¡
ϯԨûпЦԶ֪ܿˡ
ʮӺ
ϯԨִҪԺû£׼Ժˡ
ԺϯԨһ򵥵ͷпǸѧûҵѧڸʻϣɫĿǰľɫ̾Լۡ
ϯԨ߳䵱˾Զޱȣڶ֪ԼΪʲôϯԨ
ԶĬͣԼܸԼС۳ƽϣԷǸ棬ҪǼƽϵĻԵԼ̫ûзˡ
ѡǰϯԨŵʵ
ϯԨϵĹԣָƽһæ
ҽԺʱ򲻷㣬ʱȥΪ·û£ϯԨܿϢ˱飬ǰƺϢϰߣܿϢֹǰ
ûյʲôõϢǰṩİޣܱûкá
Ȼ
ͨѶˣעǰϯ
ϯԨܿ콫֣Լ¼￴ϵһιһ
Ǳ͵Щź͵ǡ
ԨǴƸﰡ
ƸҪȥҽԺ㣬ͽӵҽԺ绰˵ѾԺˡ
ûôƺϯԨЩƤĦ¼ش𣺡ȥ۳汣Э·ϡ
˵ʱԶ˷ת䣬˵ͣ
ĿڣŶѾˡ
ҵû£ҽѾˡܵ˵Ҿϯ򡭡˲ҵģֲȥ
˵˵Ԩȥϯʲô㺦㡣
¼һҲܲϯϯԨţ˵Ҫ³ˣͷٺ˵
˵ֱ꣬ӹҶ˵绰úͶԷίߡ
ϯԨǸԵ۳棬ͻȻҶ۰СƸ绰ϯԨԼһⶼûС
ϯԨ˫ֲڿڴԶ¼֪ǡϯԨƸɶϯԨĳȴһ㶼١
ĽǶڱɱϡ
ǰôˣǰ׵ġƸҲҪһ󲿷ֵΡ

/ҼȻΪ/ңôͺСһʡ
ţҲСݻҲһϯԨվ⣬ſǽһŵģӰ
̫ˡ
ϯԨ۾ִŵĹԴǿŶΡ
ù˽̣ʡ
վԱߵĳԶ⣬һͬ棬˵ִߡ
ûУֻǷľԼһЩҪʩشִߣϯԨ֪ӦֻƳ档
ͬ඼ôݣĸйֲһЩ
Ȼ֪ҪʩʲôֻϯʲôӰ졣
ɾôϯ״̬ǺܺãҪ˵ǽǰޱȺڰûκ͹Դڵĺڰǻ˵Ҳһĥ
ϯԨ˾ŵϯ
ϯǲԼںڰʱ䳤ˣȻôܻϯԨ
ϯԨܻţϯôţȴִһϤ
ϯ򣬻ô
ԭЩججϯ͵۾Բ
ϯԨϯԨ
ţ
ôܣ
лҪ˵
ϯԨ˵ȱϸģûгţ
ϯԨûУаȣž͹˨_

ۺֱ֢Цһˢʮκ̨ľ_(:١)_ոӴһһСɰɣˣ߳Զٱ



4 
ϯԨû뵽ϯôϯԼڵķ˹ȻȻײ˺ب֮Ľˡ
ϯڵϷһ죬֪ڳʱ˶
ϯԨŵڵϵϯŰסˣͷ۾ҪԼʹԼԵĹߴʹ۾Ҳϱϡ
ϯԨǲ㡣ϯ˻ƣһ˿ԸŵĲ
ϯԨǳĬȻĴϯϣ
ִƣϯϵЦͬڼġϯԨһģһ
磬Ұ
ϯԨϯ֮ľϯͬʱϯҲ
ϯӲŵ𾪵ûڣЩǰѾˣԼҲøһˡ磬ǰµĹȻֻԼˡ
ϯԨ֪ϯںڶǰ֣ǡǡ෴ϯڰûڡԼš
һ㣬Ϊ˽ϯ򣬶ϯûԼɱ⡣
ϯԨ
ϯԨЩЦڡ
ǰϯűûʲôӡԼôֶڶԷ͹û
ϯǰҪץסΪʲô㻹ţΪʲô
ӦһšסϯЦȻ͸ȥˡ
ϯţҪǯơ
վһԵִ߳ĮȻϯԨ£Ҫ̫ǲܰٷְٱ֤˺
ҪҿҲûʲô˵ҡ
ϯϯԨңĻˡ
ϯԨԼûüϯȴѲĿϯȦֽϣ²ӦЩϯķȣ
ϯԨɿ֣վϯɱԼĿ⡣
ӵȨ԰ɡƫͷִԼһֱûڵԶ
Զǵġ
ܺãҪϯԨ˵
仰һͻȻĬ
һ·۳ĵλ֮ĸߣȨҲĸ
۳汣Эʱ򿴣˲۳棬ÿһֻͼġϯԨһ񲻽ԴƳ߸ϡ
ϸǺϯԨԼҪ󣬺ܴܻᱻ㡣
˺۳ĴƳ治ˡ˺۳ԳͽƳ棬ԼֻҪһֻעĴƳ棬ܵҲ֪̫
ִȿˣ˵ⲻУͼɱǲһֻвĴƳӽ
׶˵ĶԣΣյĴƳ治뿪
ϯûκηӦ޷ǾϯԨԼȥĥˡ˵ŻѾûˣΨһǣѾϯԨɱˡ
׶˼ǾܾԼϯ򣬶ϯԼ̫ΣպϯԨˡ
ϸüװĻҪװЦЦ˵һа취ȫĸߡ
ҾóͷĽޣ˵ô
ϯԨЦЦԶ׶ЩĿ⡣
ԶüˣɲǿЦ
ϯԨΪ⣺Ҳǵһô۳档
Զһҭ⻹˵ˣҲû۳ѵԼĴƳߡȻݱūĴƳ棬ǳµĴڣҲһƷ
Ҫһʱ䡣Զ̾˿ɿˡ
۳ǳ涼֪οϯԨֱ޷۳棬ǰBʱôڣڳA۳棬ⲻӦҪֳָʲô
ÿһ㣬ûʲôġ
ûȣԶҲҪ˵һ䣬ϯԨֻ۳̫ˣ
Ǳߡ
ϯԨһ㷴Ӧûеϯ⻹ǰɱԼӣ׷ô뵽ϯģȻΪֻô
ȵȣԼûֻ˵Ϣ
ͻȻ𣬲ʣԶôãһûʹɡ
ԶǱڰϯ£ͻȻԼ֣Щ֡
ʲô
ֻ̣𡣡
Զһ㶣һŻصӦûɣҲ
ûϯԨָ˵СӲ
ԭſڵûӦϯ仰͵ץվԶڵķȥ
ҵĳ̣ôܸܲҡǲǻš
Զ˿׶ԥһ£˵û˵
׶ؽҵڶν
ϯȼϣϯԨЦ˵֪Ϊʲôء
ˣ㿴ǺȻҲ
Զ⻰ʶһۣӽӴϯԨô׻ĳ档οɲϯ
û㣬ֻҲͦġϯԨЦĲ
ʲôḻˣݡϯԨ˵ҲܿݼƫƫϯԨ֮Ը̫Զˣʱעţ׾ͻᱻֲͬ
Զһ㶼ϯԨвĻֻǣ⻰ȥԼһ۳涼еˡ
ϯԨĻ׶ֲɽ˽˵ʲôջǳĬɿվһԲ
ϯսˣԼĳܻ̿ŵ£ܼŭϯԨ
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Źʲôԡ
ϯԨǣһ仰
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ϯҲ˵ֻҪ㲻Ҫ˺ҵĳ̡
ϯ˵Լĳ̻ôС˵ҵܵܣǺҲֻҪ뵽ϯԨ̬ȣ˵Ļȫʧˡ
ûҪϯԨʲôϣϯԨֻ۳ҲֵԼڴ飬ԼѾ֪ˣϯͷһǫɥʧϵ̬ϯԨǰ
Դ˾ϯԨ
£ͻȻô졣
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һֱǶػŵϯԨܲ⣬ԼⱲӣƶû취ƶˡ
ѹӿŭϯԨ˵ڵĵط治Ҫȥ
˵Ҳشתʱķ뿪
ȵȣҺһߡԶ׷ͬʱ׶⿴ϯȳȥ鴦á
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šϯԨ˵ͷ˸۵λ
򿪹ϵϻţŰ֣˼ǲ˳ȥ
ղڼ/ˣ̵ֻ֪ô̱ϯڻ￴̫
绰ͨǰԨ𣿡
ҡ
ԨҴƸʲôôƸ۳汣Эȥܿ͵ˡ
㲻ùҵȻ¾ͰˡɵĻش
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ϯԨĻʣҪ㣬̣ϯĳô
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ûϵԼҪʵġװͷ˵̻Űɣôҵʱû뵽ôء
ﴧĦϯԨ뷨ǵѯʻڹģ
һ󣬰Ǿѳ̵˵ϯԨͻҪǳ̣ʣԼûʲôϵ
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оӦû԰ɣϣȥľһ˳_(:١)_
һԤ棺ʳ¯Ĵ˺ͱļ~~~~
psֺöվۼǸǿҪðǣԨϱںͷ(*/أ*)



5 
˵
갬ϯԨ̲סһ䣬ⶼʲô¡
֪ˣ㵽ϵҡ
ǲҪҵ绰˵һ£Ԩ㣬ϯҪôô
㵽ˣ֪ˡҵĺܿ졣
ϯԨýҲͣŵȰˣ֪ԼľҲ˵̫ࡣ
ʣʾô۳˵㡣
һóöԼ
ϯԨɳϣŰг̵üͷ塣
̵ûԼô㣬Ҳáǰ˳̵һνҽκǿסˣȴҲ˲м
̵ĵһνʶϯԨ˵Щİ
ⲻ
㿪еĹԣ롰Ƴ̵ĵһνܿתݡ
ϯԨǰҲǾֹ¿Ƽģֻһе豸Բѡ
Ƴ̵ĵһνƳڳĵһһҪ۾ġ
ϯԨһĿʮеĽҳϵݿ꣬˳㻹һʾŵӿһ顣
֪˵ʲô
ϯԨų̵ʱжôЩҵģٻš
ڿЩݺԼҵ̫ˡ
ݰ˵ڵһν㣬еľıɢû۵Ŀܡ
ĶԴƳԣͺľռһҪһֻƳûкģעһ޷ʹþ
ΪۺʱˣԺҲܺͽĳһȻ˵ĺ壬ϯԨˣֹܻѻų
ϯԨԼʱȲˣ֮ٿܲ취ơ
صҳЩйسϹɵϢʱԶ
ôˣԶ߹Ϳһƣӡ
ϯԨֹصԣûʲô
ԶҲûϸʣֱӰƽݸѵˣǩ
ϯԨһݣȻϢǩ֡
ıǩֺǰûвͬҲ·ˣŽƽݻȥ
Զ˿ȷû˵ǻװΪһʲôΣΪҪͻأϵǡ
ϯԨװõԿء
Զû뵽Ĺעȡһָ׸ǴСоƬ˵оƬ嵽ϣװԼһЩҪƴʩֱڹϿơ
ϯԨӹоƬ·ڴ
ԶѪӿôţһҪǶô졣
ϯԨһν˵ǿ϶бݣҲûʲôɵĵġ
Զûôֱ׳ġ
ʱ߽һźɫ볤һҿЩСǴơ
Է󣬲ĴҴҵ߽Ԩ
ϯԨƬǰϣϯϯԨĴƸ
ϯˡԶòĺͰ˸кϯԨ⼸죬Ǽϯġ
΢΢ףϯԨԴǸԶ˵Զ£ǲ˼Ԩ鷳ˡ
ûϵҵĹԶ˵תϯԨڿԺȥϯ뿪ˡ
ԣ㵵ϯҪϯߣ
԰ϯԨ˽⣬ΪϯԨͲϯҲ
ϯԨվʼ磬˵ô
Ҫǲˣ˭չңҿɲ뱣ķ˵һɴ˰ϯԨ˵ңҺܿͻ
ȻȥСӡ
ϯԨ뿪ıӰ˼ϯԨһܰӣղŶΪԶڳûѻ˵ס
չǼ٣ĥϯİɡϯԨһ˽İɲǰִֶֻ񶾵۳Ĵ󷢵ķŹϯ
ȴûϯ˵ûֻһֻϻϯԨ޿ĴƳ档
ˣҲκγ⡣

վ۳汣Э棬ϯ·Ŀ⡣
һͣҡ¶
Ҳϯº͵Ķ˵Ԩϳɡ
ϯԨһϯ򣬴򿪺ţӵ˵ȥվҲӶ
ϯƲϳ
һϺţϯԨŴǰĳȥ
ʹϻеֻڣûϯһ߿һ߹˵ԨȻ㻹ǰһסɣСҲء
СȫϯϯԨͬ۸Ƹ۳ܵܡ
˵һ۳ڼңҲ㡣
ϯԨһ۾Ϳֻ˵˵ֱӻصҪԼס
Ƚ˳Ҿͻȥ
ϯһֱܰĵͷϯԨĻ̧ͷЩɲĿǰϯԨ
ϯԨȻ̣˵Ҫȥӳ̣ڴʲô⡣
ϯԨ͸ڵľӿϯӣЦЦ˵㿴ܾȣ˵˻ȥСӣΪƭ㣿ǣĸҪô
ϯ򴽣ҷ
·ϴԼʻ˰Сʱʻһסլ
ϯԨƵĸڰûйڰסļ䣬Ҳ۳汣ЭȰԭֻ˭̩Ȼӣ뵽ǵһ
ļС
Ƹˡ
ϯڿƸϯԨʱûһ⣬ڴƸŵʱ֪ϯԨ϶
Щôϯװһĵӣȴ֪ԼӸƭϯԨ
ϯԨǰʮһİ꣬û׾ӵݼܵ˵Ѿȫˡ
̫ˡϯɰͰ͵˵
ʱϯע⵽վϯЩȺͲŵġϯôϯԨһ֣Ƹ˵ϯԨһϯʧô
ϯ񷢴̧һϯͷ˵ȥ鷿ţȻƸҪҵûдԺ󶼲ȥ档
ϯһ¿ȴҲҷƸĻŵ֪ˣƸھȥ
ϯ뿪ϯԨ˵ССڿͷҴȥ
ϯԨһϯ򣬡šһ
ǽ˿ͷ
һȥϯԨһ۾Ϳ˹һİıӡ
û˴ϯԨüǶ㵽ˣСӻϰߣǳ̶
ϯȴǲԼҳ̵ΪߵĹıӡ
ССǴƸ
İϯ˵˶һһԴӱӵıԵһ˵һ۾ƸǴƸ𣿡
̵ƺ̫á
һ۾ľſ
̺µĴһȻر￪ʼװ
ϳ۾ϯԨ
һ㶼ȣǰ
žյϯ򿴹ߣϯԨҸʲôҿû
ϯűɪɪĳ̣ٿվԱߵϯԨҧɲԣȳȥ
ϯԨû˵Ϳˣôô˵ԨҲǹġ
˵ʱϯԨͷ
ҿڿˡ
ˮϯԨ˵߳䡣
ûعŰܲĵùǣȵˮҡ
ĬƣܵϯԨСǰܡ
ôţ¶Цݣڳأȥ㵹ҪҪЩƸ
һ뿪ͷȫϯͺϯԨðͷĳ̡
лҪ˵
Ҳ֪ǾúòÿҾQWQıдʱ仹ޡ



6 
ϯû뵽ϯԨĻԼ뿪ԣԸϯԨĿڿˡ
һηϯʧ͸ٶϯԨڴˡ
ССҪڱˣôƸòáϯŲϳĳ̡
ƸҺ¡ӱСĴ
ϯᣬ˵ֻдƸˣǶȥˡ
ôĳ̶˶
һγ̲ȥˣСѭŴƸϢֻдƸȲ˵ƸϣǿίıסƸص
Ƹأ㣬СС㡣
һΪҲƸˡ
ϯűײĲʣ۶ǰ޵Լ۵С̡
ҪССȴΪϵĶϯֻοԼС̣֪һŵССˡ
ССԣˡϯ˵ССķ˵ƸԶ뿪ġ

ϯԨAľӷﴫԼ
ӳһˮŵǰ
ȥϴˮһ
ϯԨšһ򷢰뿪󣬶Ӻһˮ
̬ʵѰζԡϯԨݺͳ磬ϯȴĮ˸ףǶϯԨûϯǿҲ˵Ĺȥ
ɼȻϯ񣬰˵ﻹҪֺáϯԨֻǰϯµ۳档
ϯԨָĦű˼ţ֪ļ̫ˣûа취Ƶ
ôţת˼עΧĻϡ
ϯԨĿͻȻһڹڲڷŵ
վˣһЩİһվһǻԱһӡ˻һޣǸ߰Скǵվʮꡣ
ƬǸ꣬Ȼ곤Щ仯Ծܿϯ
ôƬǸʮӦþǡϯԨ۸
ʮǰƬǰһֱûֵ۸԰ǰãΪɷˣֻܹпôϯԨ²š
ϯ񳤴󣬻һӤʱڵȫҸƬ˱ɣǰĸˡ
߽˼
Ԩû£̫á
㶼֪µϢжൣġ
˵˵ţ˵ϯ
ôģϯô㣬һ˺ô졣
ϯԨעһֱڰˮϣ԰˵ȡҶҳģʽ
ˮģʲôζ˵ˮȻֻг˰ȭͷ󣬿ɿγεĺϲ
ҪҪһ£
ϯ۳ϯҵôܻһϡ
ͳ̣ǺãȻ˲Ρ
ϯԨ̧ͷƵϡ
ϯ飿ǰǣϯԨȻѹּϯ̬ˡһֱΪϯֻݾǰû뵽ԭǼ¡
ǰһǡ仰ЩѰζˣһָӦǽµܲСƳҪһɣ
˵ϯԨǲôģѾ̫ྪϲԾôҲ֡
ϯԨӰ֪ϢΪŰ˵࣬ɴ˳ŰĻ˵
ǣϯȻҶҶ֣Ҳڿ˭
ȻȥˣһҪúýѵ
Ļԥһ˵ԨҲ˵Ƹ˵㡣
СС˵ǴӣСССҲôءһΪ˵ССû£Ȼ鷳ġ
ԭǰСӻ鷳ΪϯԨ룬˵ڵĻȴǳ
ⲻûô
ڰﻰߥ޵ζϯԨҲ͹ˡԼֲǰŮˡӡȱԼ
ҲÿԼҪǰڣЩȥ֮治֪ϯӻûڡ
˵˵֪㲻ϲǣҲŰϾҪˣҲѧųˡ
ûꡭϯԨû뵽ģһװ߶Ĳ͡
֪ˣ´βˡ
˵滰ǰ󣬰ûš
״˻⣬˵ҽԺǱ˵ľȼͻƣAˣ
ϯԨһˮ˳¶Щ
AɣҸоҲûʲôͬ
ˮζеӵĿڸС
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ΪʲôƫƫϯԨ۳棬ΪʲôĲԼӡ
ϯԨע⵽ЦеŤ
ôûвͬأA۳Ĵһءʵ˵
Ĳ˵ֻ˵ԺÿǱҶһء
ÿǱҷϯԨⲢٳӡ
̫ˣÿ¶ǱҲáϯԨ˵һˮҪԵʱͣ
ˡ
ôˣ
ʱˣҸôˡ
ô죿һô̬̬Ⱥ顣
´л˵ɡ
ϯ񲻴ǰϯԨҲûȤֱӾܾˡ
ҪȥϯʱϯԼӿͷ߳ԼĻ
ʾղźͰ̸ϯһҲˣϯѡ˳Ĭ
ϯԨԴ˲⣬ɨһϯ󣬵ǺˣǾ߰ɡ
ǰŵرС̣ʱץԼϯĿӣŬİԼƸϯԨĿ⡣
ϯԨ˫ֲڿڴҪߣͻȻ뵽һ£һȻĶ԰˵ûôȥ
ϯԨȴֻܱ˵ƸǽгСǡ
ǰǹƢȻԼ˲ٹڶԵĵطȴҲʡΣͱϯԨһ㶼аƸͿܲоͲС
㣬⡣
뿪ңǳ¥
߳ȥһξ룬ϯԨû߶Զϯ
§ŴƸĲӣƸߡ
ϯԨȥ
ʱϯСǰŵû취С̡
С̵ɫ˿Щ԰ףСӪ⣬Ŵ󲡳С
ϯԨΪС̻Ӧʱ򣬾ͼС̳Լڵķһۡ
ڷԼڿǺСһæϯС˵ССԵģҪƸ
󻵳ΪʲôԼʹƸúôQAQ
ССԽԽţԽԽ¡
ģƸССҪƸ򡣡
ϯԨ
ʱ̫ҲǼ£˵ڣС̵ĻϯԨ
ϯȻ֪ССΪϯԨŲԼǰҲ
ΪϯԨԼһʼͻᱧСС
뵽ϯҧгݣССĲûкãղ·ЩҡҡλΣȥôԶôССԼߡ
ССҪϢô֮ᱻϯԨ֮ϯѡǰߡ
ȻζⲻˣԼҪСС
ϯССǹԳ̣ǲҪƸĻ


7 
ʱһƬӰסϯӣϯֻǰһû˳̵Ӱӡ
ڷϯԨְѳ̱Ժɵľʧ룬ʲôСС
ĥĥķˣҵʱ䡣ϯԨüĿ˵
ССұߡ
ϯվССԼȴһ£ûվˤڵء
ϯԨϯӣ㿴Լڵӣ汧Ҳ°СӸˤˡ

ͻȻСС˿㶵ĿŽߵʱŵûӲҲҶ
군ˣԼҪ󻵳Եˡ
ССޣԴ󻵳ҿޣֻŬŲ
ʱϯԨҲע⵽Сһ޳ӣüͷݺݵ˵
ޣҿ޾͡
޲ޣҪСС
̱һ仰ŵֱ£ûȫæġ
ССļڴ󻵳ǰ=ᰤ=ʹᰤûзԣ󻵳ô˵Ļش
ϯԨ⻹ʲôû˵ͰСӸųҪ˵ǰ
㡭
ϯԼСС۵˵ʲôͱϯԨĻˡ
죬˴ǰӦʲô
ϯĬˣôǡ
ߡ
ϯԨ˵ţųߡ
ҪϯųߣָȻε˭
۳汣Эʱע⵽ϯԣһ·ܿǿš
ССЩսսģ󻵳汧ŻƸܺ¡
뿴ƸССôţȻ̽Ķһ¡
ڷԼûעССŵӶȥɲôǿƸԽԽļʼԱĴ󻵳档
ҶϯԨһ仰ֱóͣ
ССӲֶ֪÷ˡ
СС󻵳۸һ¡
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ССľĿͮͮĹӣ˵ˮҪֻŲŲڵڵϡʶסҰѴ󻵳Ķڵϡ
ϯԨҲ庢ӣڵǸ̵Ľ
ССŶߴ󻵳ЩãȻ⡣
󻵳˵ǽǸԼúóԵӡ
ɴƸ˵󻵳Ķܳԡ
ϯһֱϯԨľֻܹ¶ͷΪϯԨ˵֪ܵͣССϯԨĶ̿ˮ
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Сſڡ
˶ƺͰһϯԨŰСӽǰĸʻϯԾĺͳһ顣
ССŴƸѺݹȥƸ
ϯһ㶣ģ
ССָͷָһǰϯԨȻɿ֡
ϯ΢һҲµ𰸣ֻЩŵùҶϸ顣
ϯԨôģǶʲôֽţϯĶȥ⣬ϯԨҲû¡
ϷһУϯԨ⡣
ӿڴóԶöоƬоƬڹһĿڣžͿоƬϵĿϵͳ
ܹƵ㣬סĵȦжǽܹעŨصĶλŻ
ò˵׼ʮֳ㡣
ϯԨ㿪һֽ򵥵ֻҪ֤ͨԼܽ
ڲż⿪ϯԨ˹Աۼ¡
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ССĿǰһִۣ󻵳۾˯ˣͷŴƸС˵ǡССĽ
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ҶԼˣûʲô⣬ӦϯԨڰõġ
ˮļ۸񰺹󣬳۳ܳԵ⣬ֻڼλ߻ܳĴƳ̲ܳһЩ
ԼССȻûʸԵģ뵽ϯЩᡣ
̾˿˵Գԡ
ĿôСС۾
ϯͷҪסֻдƸ˵ԳԵĲܳԣ֪ô
ţСС֪ˡŹССЦޱȿġ
СС˵ƸҲԳԣһ𡣡

ϯԨ۾󣬽˾ռ䡣
ԭ纣ľɢһգռ֮۳ǳҲʧˣֻʣڵҹĻмһرĳˮ
ڿ߳һǿսĵ·ռ䡢ɫսȵȶǻھоġ
ϯԨеٮٮߣҲΨһһɹͻ3Sݵˡ
ľռȻҲӴޱȣÿͻһζᷴǿ壬ÿһ׶ζ۳һʮŲȵǳɾΪս;ǿȹҹ
һسˮںʣµľǿAˮ׼
ҽ⵽AĿǰЩϯԨѹסˣ֮ҪЩܹ塣
ϯԨ֪ھһΣôҪѼϺھ
ʱ
ڽԼ
ϯԨ뿪ռ䣬۾ͿиӰǺϯ
¶Щˣ˵ôˡ
ϯ򣺡ľҪȷݣŻȥ
ϯԨ³澯Ŀ⣬ôԽȥô
ϯԨ£ԭȻԽȥ
ʻСڣϯԨŴһŶıÿһ֮ľֵı֤ס˽ϰƽԺӡ
ͰסĵطȣԳƵǸߵСˡ
һԺǰͣ
ϯԨ򿪳³ߵſھεһԺǰԶ򿪣Ϣ
ӭϯԨ¡
ϯԨҪҪҸûԿ׵Ľڣڿˡ
̬ݵ߽ȥϯͳ̸
ĴźԺһֱˢͨ
ϯԨڵһ𣬾ͲɫĴܿһС
һܴĸʽװ޵ʮָûʡڷֲſ˫Ь˭ģϯԨֱӴߵɳ
ϯţҪЬʱϴһ졣ɫӦ򿪣Ӧֻڵϡ
ССڴЬڵϵ
ǴƸϣСС۾ʶƸ
Ƹˡ
ϯľͷ㶵ĴǣССĻûע⡣
Щң⿪ֻһ棬ϯԨΪʲôҪ
ɳϡ
ϯԨϯվ﷢üͷһͱ˵˵վʲôȥҵķɨɾȻܳԵĶ
ô
ϯԨϯ˼Ҳϯɻ
ڵ֪ϯԨĶϯ򷴶˿ҵĴϾȥ
ϯ˵꣬һССȻطţȻƸٳ
š
ССѾϰˣͷſڵĹ¥ݵķܡ
ϯĻشϯԨͰע˹ϣڶ˵Ǵ˽úʱ
ϯԨҳһ֣ҪҿɴˣЩڴ
лҪ˵
˵ö̵ģۿǱ׼ǧһ¡úڰ=v=һΪjj̫ˣԴ۹_(:١)_



8 
ĿֻϯԨһˣĿĿǰĻϵϡ
ֻԼ֪򶨵£ŵôľκˡǽҿɴʹԼۡ
ڴ򿪹ǰ˽ϵ̬ݡ
ΪԳ۳ĵλܸȤһľ
ȻΪ𺳡
۳ʹƳ棬һ֪ˣƳҲ֪۳λ㣬ϯԨ
֪ǣᾹȻڴ⡣
ٷ֮ʮŵ۳ڼͥռݾԵλٷ֮ʮŵĴƳиֽɫкܶƳӸλ
ϯԨǣ۳治ȴȨ˵ÿһֻ۳棬ݵȼͬԴӵ۹ȡÿµѡ
һǮǵ۹޳Ÿ۳ģǿһֱ쵽ɫ࣬Դסз涼С
ϯԨһ·ŵʽĹ۳úô۳ȷʵҪ
ֻϯԨô𾪣ֱ۳ȨԴǶԳҪԡ
۳治ûйΪġǡܡ
ϯԨʱͫ׵ⲻ
ʵ֤ûṹɵʱԼ̲סǳ鴤ķɹ涨
Ϊ۳ʹƳıﵽ˵1:100Ϊ˳ķܣ߷涨۳ڼͥӵоԵλȨ
һֻ۳ȢֻƳ档
һλƾλ̣ūޡ
۳治ȢƳ治Ǯ׬Ǯ
Ƴ˺󶼵õٷ֮ʮĲƲױҺ붼۳С
ƾõеȨͲƲȨ̵ĹȨƲȨȫ۳氲ţūʵūλ͡
ȢƳ棬۹ٷŻæ
⾫ȼԽߵ۳深ǿҲܹĴƳ棬ԵȼԽߵ۳ȨҲԽࡣ
ϯԨֳŶͷЩΪ𺳡
Լʲô
ǣҲԼҪĻмϾϯԨȻǸ⣬ôֻ۳档ò˵ĴƳ濴̫ˡ
ϯԨޱļ¿ȻҪϧ۳Ҫ뵽ʶ˸
Լˡ
Żûп꣬ôϡ
Ͼ̳д̫ˣôѹȴƳ棬ѵ𷴿
ڿ棬˿
ûãоȵġ
Ȼǰ̬һ㣬ͨδƳ治Ҫİ۳棬۳ʾá
Ĵū棬ɷĴƳǴƽﷸѡѡġ
ɼʹϯԨЩ
Ͼūʧĵ򣬻뷨
ڳѳɶ֣ڲʣϯԨҲǿȥ
ֻ˽󣬲ܹαװԼ˷š
ȻǺص
ûʧͷʱԺи֡
ô̳Ͽƺڳ֮⻹ôûѰҵأ
ϯԨ뵽ﾫΪ֮һ񣬲Ҳ֪ڲʱֻǿŰ뷨ȥ
һҳǰҳת
ϯԨʾݺ̲סֱ
۳񰲸Ƴ桯ʲô˼ѵ۳ҪȢһѴƳ棿ʶսȭͷ
׼֮º͵սûëֱ
ǰûУûУһɡ
Լܴʱ۾Լ侲
ţϯԨ½ĿǰҳϣһĿʮзɿĶš
۳ȢҪѡһλ̣ǵ۹Ĺ涨ÿһֻ۳涼ҪءƳƵֻ۳Ϣغ;԰
ǰʲôʱꣿϯԨʶһ۳ĳ䡣
۳ʮꡣ
һΪǵԼǰϢ
ϯԨʮţҲһ꣬켸֮ԼͳˣȻҪν
ݺ֣ⲻǿִеġ
ʱϣܹʱ䡣
һʱ䲻̣ʲô
ʵڲоͼٽ飬ٽ鲻о͸ɴ˵Լ١
ϯԨ˼ſԣȻûϲˣԼ˿Ӳ
ֲ۳棬Ƴɡ

ϯԨ̳ĳʶĺܷḻֻҪؼʾܹѵԼ뿴ݣһ̳˵಻̫ϡ
룬ԼƿĴš
ϯԨɳϿ˺ܾãΪУûע⵽ʱš
ֱŵ˵ʶʱѾȥһСʱˡ
Сʱʱ䣬ȫ˽⵽Լ֪ģԳ˽һʼҪ˺ܶࡣ
ϯԨɳϣǰƬ
ƬıһرϵսƬеսеĴƳ档
ڼ۳桢ƳǴƺûпǺ͡塱й֪ˣȷ
׼ȷһЩǴƳһЩ
壬
ڳʱֱܹԱ۳浰ûгƣǴƵӵƣƳ浰ǲơ
ƻųϣƳֱǴƶ˳צձսǿҲǳġΪ۳治ϲԷɹ涨Ƴ治սĹʩչ⾪š
ҲϯԨûִƳ治ͬԭ
Ƭս̬ĴƳüӼιſͼצӣֻƳ濴ս
ʵһǿϯԨڿƬͬʱ뵽
ĳӴ󣬶ս漫ĴƳռ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ÿֻƳ涼սʿǳսϱȻңǱֻʣ¿־塣
ϯԨ֪ں󣬾̫
εǣ̫δ꿪š
Ǽ˷̫˵
ֻҪܵ룬ܹѯϢ
ǰͲһӲ꣬Ϊ̫ϣϳꡣ
˭̫ϺпܻйڵϢء
ϯԨʱ֪껹һ£Լȵ
ʱ
ϯ߹ھмԶʱͣ΢ͷ
ԳԷˡ
ϯԨԣֱӺϯȻߡ
ڴʱ뵽ϯԡϯԨΨΨŵŵԭ
ݳķɹ涨Ƴûǰ۸۸˾Ӽеֵܣ޺ġ
ڼ䣬ƳϢΪ䶯תơ
˼ָһ֮Ҳǻ
ϯ֦ҶïǳɼҾͷֳһ
ȻģڡϯԨĸϯ󣬡ϯԨͳ˻棬
ƳϢƳʱƳΨһܹпľǡҡ¸Ϣ仧ôֻ¿صƫԶ仧
Щ˻⣬ҲߡҪȥˣԺٻصһǡ
ȻΪϯĸ磬ɲܾܾϯ
ڡϯԨûô˵²ϯӦǺǰĳЭܹ
Ψһϯû뵽ģžǰĲˣȻΨһ֡
ڰֺǰɣӦҲͻǰйء
ֻΪĻЩ˵ͨϯԨ뵽ûо̫á
ĵԼܻ֪ġ
лҪ˵
ǰӡ֪̫̫ĳӣּûоͿʼû뵽ڳĺöѼ̫\(^o^)/QAQҵȵ̫СˣȻԸҸ
֪ûеһοͿĵСɰȥ֪̫̫Ӵ~~~



9 
ϯԨڲ
Ĳһʶ߲ˣһɵģ⻹һ׷Ķ
üֻԼݣ
ʵ룬ϯԨҲµõô¡
ǰԴϯ̬ȣȻϯ򡢳̺ͬԷ
ϯԨûиıǰϯ̬ȣԹԵĸԼʢһάĿǰ衣
һԸȻıע⣬ǱĬټϺʵʱȴ˻ɡ
ϯԨ˹ͣʱҽԺȥ۳汣ЭᣬһֱڲСʱûʳ
ʵͿˣֻΪиҪҪԲûᡣ
һ뷹ףǰĲ˻ʣ²١
ϯԨһʳҲͱomegaʳһЩԼԭȵʳûıȡ
ҲԶԼǰ塣
ϯԨͬʱǰصϯ˳
ϯﻹһɫ֦֭ҺĶǱҺ屻ϯֱߡ
ϯ˵ҶݵˣʣµĲˡ
ϯԨǱɫĲ֭¡ҶݡʣȻµĻش
֪ˡ
ҶݡӦöǰҪϯԼܱܾͱ̬ܵȣǲ̫⿪ڸԼġ
ֻǣⶫȵģǰȣ
ϯԨŵ˵Ĳľ㣬ûеζһڣζѺȺһ
±ӣ¥ݵķȥ
ϯԨϯʼʰʮ
ϯԨøղϯȥʰ䣬ϯһ¥ҹˣô˵ǰķ¥ֱߡ
¥ֶ¥ֱֻ䷿
һſţӳ貼Ӧ鷿
ϯԨߵһǰִţɫĴտɫĴ֣ůɫǽԼĴɫë޵̺
߽ȥŷ
ϯԨŷܹŶλãҪһҷûǰϢЯĹ⣬ṩϢҲǰסĵط
ǴͷұǿյģĳһûоƬĽ۾
˲飬۾ĹڼǿVR۾ֱӴϣĤɨ
ϯԨ˵ãû˼ժ
۾һۿȥǸϷˣһ˾ķǳϷ
۾ŻȥߵһߵĲʽñ䡣
ñ·⻹иΣ·ӾӼҷװӦоУмĲչʾ̨ŵǸΣۡСָ˵ЩӦöǰĶ
һЩϯԨȽϤĶ⣬Щ׵ΣԼһͷǳʷеĹϷΡ
̽Ÿոտʼ

¶̨ϵɳϣϯԨѾСʱ
רעŹϣЩͳйصϡЩղ¥ʱЩ
һҳϯԨԷһԣǹǷһЩ
ɳһ̧ͷңԶҹգһֻԼ֪ĸп
Ȼ̫򵥡
ʼֻóƶȽͬʱĹ涨뷨ɡڿЩҵϺִƳ۳֮Ĺϵûǰô򵥡
Դˣ˵Ǿȣ˵֮С
һ꣬ڱΣ·ʢǿôŪһסƽȡƶȣνĲƽȣǿĽǶȲͬ
۳ڴƳ֮ϣԴȴǴƳ棬ƽȡƶʹչϵõǡõƽ⡣
ǵƣڻ֮»й塢ƽūݽײ㣬ϯԨ˽۳뷨۳涼ôƳǵһȵģ塢ƽ۳涼С
ϯԨǹ塢ƽ۳棬ǸǱȦ
ƿصӵеĿɾסϵڶ࣬ǧڼơ
˭뵽һʢĵ۹ȻҲʵȨ۳棿ȻҲпϳľôȼֻϯԨֿ̫Сˡ
ЩѵӸλ۳ʱЩ۳ȫڵ۹Ȩ塣ȫǸְģûһɡ
ԲȻչģһгڰи档
ϯԨ鵽ƺǴǰʼһЩûп˵ǰһѣʷ϶ʧˡ
һʱ䣬۳ȫӦڵ
ڡͥУ۳ԶԴƳָʹΪΪƳһع鹤λ߹۳ĴƳȫҪ۳
뵽ϯԨ˳Ļƶȡ
۳ϡ۳ܹȢܶƳ棬ͬ۳治ܾܾƥԼĴƳ棬ܹ۹ƥ۳ĴƳ棬ǳоպյľơ
㹻ľѫԼƴλȨصĵλþܹͨƥ޸һ۳棬ҶܹΪ۳Ĵƾ
Ը߰۳˵ǲϲԼǿĴƳ档СǸоƣƵĲԴǡĮľګ۳е
Ȼһ棬۳ȴʮֵܹʹƳ棬Ϊ˷˺ܶĥƳ̷뵽ԼСĵ㵽۾ƵϯԨ̲סü
ǡ۳ϲƻǴơͶƱϣǴ԰ٷ֮ʮƱһں档
ϵ۳ԼǿĴƳ棬ϯԨʮֺЦ
۳ĵλǴƳģǴƳΪܵĻƫĶԾά۳棬Ҫ۳ľϢذƳ궯ľ۳ڵĵλ
ôЦ
ϯԨ۳Ƿ˵žĽϾߡ
ֻǻ˸壬͸ֻʹã
ϯԨţϾʼʱûб۳ö٣˺滹ʻףٿǽݺա
ǰƬҹգڣ׶á
ٿϤǣ£ǺڵϿҹһ
ϯԨ㿪ԣŸ˻ʾ֣Щ̾
ǰĶ࣬ʣλбȽϺõˣҲֻһǧࡣ
Ӹ˻￴ǰһҲвǮ˵۹ÿ·⣬һʹ̶˻ǮһһǧǱҡ
ϯԨھסһǵۣǧǱҲһСĿǰ¹ļһŲֻһǧʮǱҡ
ϯ˵ҶեһһǱң˻ǱҲ͹һ
δ۳ҪÿҶե֭ΪҶŴٽ۳澫ȶЧ
һǮѵӢۺϯԨѾʼǲˡ
ǵЧ˵Լޣÿһ߶ѧôȶԼľûҪԩǮ
ϯԨط䣬̫Ҳûã»ǽԼɡ
ҹˣʱ˯ˡ
ԭ˯ǰ뷨ڷҲ۳ķ󣬾ͱϯԨʱ¡
ܲ鵽Ϣ˵۳ľҪȳԺܿʼһҪרŵѧϰ
ϯԨԴȻֱ̬ȣҲȷʵûҪżڽ쿪ʼ
οǰҪǶ壬ǰʮһװ˵ЩˬŻܳ취ٳ֡
ϯԨܻԼһ˰˵ĺΣҲ֪Ⱳûлٳȥ
ߣ˯ʼ
ϰ˵룬ϯԨڴϱ۾


10 
۵ϯԨԱߵĹһʱ䣬賿һ㡣
ŶߵԽԽУϯԨƿ´ȥš
Ÿһ򿪾Ϳվϯ򣬶ԷųŽ뵣ģҲʾͼæڡ
ССһֱڷ˵ʹҲ֪ôˡ
ϯʱѾ˲ԼΪ᲻ϯԨˣССʧ롣
ȥҽԺҲ̫ԶҡϯԽ˵ԽעһϯԨķţʵûϯԨῪš
ſˣϯ̲סһ˿ϣ
ϯԨüͷͻһ뵽˰˵Сܻ̿º֢£ϡ
ȥңһ·
ϯԨ̫ƶϯʶӡ
ϯųվڿŻȻ׹ϯԨӦˡ
ϯϡ
ʱϯûжȥ˼ʲôеעĳסˡ
ƸغۡССۡСС¶ʹɫ΢
ûµģһûµġ
ϯ򶨣ȴޱȵĻң֪Լܻš
ҽԺͲʹˣƸϴȥҽԺϯô˵ţ֪ڰοССԼ
ϯԨ·ٶȺܿ죬¥ʱϯűų̵ӣ̲סüġ
ѳ̸ҡ˵žҪϯӹ̡
ϯû뵽ôʱʶս
ҡϯԨ˵Ҫ˷ʱ䡣
ϯһɡ
뿪ϯԨͣڳĳ
Ϊ˲¶ԳӲϤֱϯ򿪳
ϡ
ϯԨųںϣΪʹԲͣҶĳ̡
úÿҪͷ
ϯԨϯƵƵͷԼԳʲô¡ϾǰκģⲻϯԨĬϯ
淶ᣬڶڳ
ϯԨ䣬Щͣ˵ٶ֡
ֻ֪ǵġϯŷ̵ֽ˽ҷϯԨĻ
ҽԺҪá
ȥҽԺҪʮӡ
ʮôϯԨû˵
һ˿̵̽壬һ³̵
ϯԨû̫ľڻ̫ܲľ
ھ̽ϯԨֳԭڵһν󣬱ó־ĵλÿտҲ
ڰľռֻһ㷢Ű׹ľƬƮƮЩƬӦǳۺʧܵĲ
ϯԨƬռѰҳ̵ľ壬ڽͷˣ̻ẰʹЩƬֲ
ԼĲ²ȷôЩҵľƬӦܹó̵һЩ
ɫһ㾫һϸ˿ߣ͸ڰľռ䣬Ƭĵطҵ˳̵ľ塣
ϯԨľ
ЩƬȫ赲ϯԨľٿž׾ٵĽЩƬȻ󿴵˳̵ľ塣
̵ľֻһΪʹš
ϯԨ״Լ˿ߣϳ̵ȻſһϣЩƬȫ档
硣
ϯԨŰĳ̣һɣ֪Ǿˡ
Ψһãǵֵľ֡
⻹ϯԨһθԼ˳ϣǲ̵ľռԼҲôðյĳԡ
ڿϯûССЩţҲʣСС𡣡
ˣҲûô⡣
ϯԨɨһ۹ʾʱ䣬žϻܹ֧Ŷá
ϯ⻰֪ôľȻϯԨڰοԼǲɵǣһĨЦĵϯԨᰲοԼôܡ
ϯԨϯ飬ȻҲͲ֪ϯʲô
С̣ȴ˼С̵ûư취
˵ƬܿƣǾȫɢȻǿΪһ壬ԼʱǰµЩƬһⶼֻϯԨ룬ܲлдȶ
һĬ
ܿģҽԺˡ
ϯԨڿǰջԼľ̽ϯҽԺȥ
ҽԺ
ȥҺţ
ϯԨ˵귢ϯûü㻹վȥô
ǵģΥ˵۹ɣڵϢá
ϯĻϯԨСԼû𡣡
ϯĬҡҡͷЩݣȴò˵
СС۸ûиǼϢұССɵһνٸġ
ûеȼϢⲻǺڻô
ϯԨ֪ϯû˵ʲôҲѯʵʱԼĹȥҺŻϹ˺š


ҽտһˣͼһֻ۳߽
۳ɫЩ԰ףҽæ߹ȥʲô岻ĵط
ϯԨǳһ£û
ɫ̫áҽ˵ʲô
ں棬ȸϯԨȴǲҽĻϯųǰ
ԼɫѿΪ֧ʱ¾ĹȣֻҪϢָܻ뵽ϯԨЩ޿κΣԼAľܶõȴٷ֮嶼ûС
ҽϯԨĻȻϯ
ҵĳˣҽ쿴ϯССڼ鴲ϣǰ̵һνʧܣ᲻Ǿ⡣
ҽһ̾
ûа취ϣǴȥƣǱרŵ顣
Ƽ⡣
Ǵƻʿ߳ȿ˿ֻ˯±齹ĴƳ棬󿴿һ䵭۳档
λС̵ļķҪȽһ¡
ɷϯԨסˣÿϯ֪ϯ϶ûǮղŹҺŵԼǮĳԼ˭
Ҹȥ
ڣǸǴƻʿȥ
ǳ̵۸𣿡ǴƻʿһߴȥһߺʣǵĻǰλ۳Ҳ̫Į˵ɡ
ϯԨ˵˶٣˾ˡ
ϯ򣬿ԼǰϵţղźϯԨ˵ʲô
һԼˡ

ϯԨǧǱҵļã뺰һǮƫƫǰĻʿѾ籣Ժķãԭ۰ǧŻԱ߱š
ϯԨŸҳЩȵʱͻȻǮȥˣϸһÿ
ѾյˣһȣԼʮӺܹˡʿڶ.
ϯԨ΢΢ͷʾԼףȻ뿪˼ҡ
ʮӺ
̵ļ鱨ˣڼ̾ת˸ڵҡ
ϯԨһǽϣ˻͸֧ʮġʱص㶼ԣĺ侲侲
λǱң컹û˻Ѿ͸֧ȥλ
ϯԨĺǰôÿ뻹ˣôԼȼü֮
ҪÿԼղž͸С̵ƷѶˡ
ôҲԼıܲܲܰɡ
ծ͸ծɣҲΪǰծˡ
ϯԨţͿϯԼ˹վԼǰ


11 
˵ССû¡
ϯԨĻֻ˵š
㵽ʲôٺô
ϯԨԼ̽ʧ֣ܵϯԨһϯĸл
ڵϯֻÿЦССһжΪŻᷢģôΪʲôܲķֲԼĴ
ϯԨ䶯˶ԼʲôеѡԼó档
Լܣڲܡ
ˣֻ΢̧°ͲмҪٺôҲ̫Լˣϯ򡣡
ϯ̬ȣǼٺģʲô˵ѧˣ֪ڹ¡
ϯԨͷۡ
֪
Ͼڡǰ̬бڸٹ̡
ϯԨϯʹִЩ㯵鿴ȴ֪ϯ˵ȥˡ
ϯ򣡡
ҲϯӦϯԨҽ鲻
Ȼһˡ
ϯԨ֪ԼΪǰȥĴྶͥǰͬĸ壬һӴżߣὥıú͡ϯԨȻ෴
ǰ̫ãҪתǼѵ¡
ϯԨһĵһ׶Ŀ꣬ǽǰĻòôˡ
ĻϯɫһףҲɹϯ졣
ϯԨ˫ֲڷ׵Ŀڴļ˵
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ϯ֪ϯԨϲԼԼŶССҲûɫ
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ŲԡöùӴ񶾵Щϯˣû뵽ϯԨԼ֡
һʼССţǲһֱţܻϯԨץΡ
ϯԨʲôʱģϯ뵽ЩãȻϯԨͣСʱ򡣼ʹƢЩֻ˵Ǻӡ
ô벻ԺϯԨ۳ȥ棬ûȴĥƳ̷䡭ϯ뵽ԼϯԨȥĵط
ԼԲȥĴƸӦҪչ˵ܵܣȴûϯԨӡ
ΪֳԼȷϸ
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ϯԨΣһһǰξϵĳʧֻһԹߡ
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ϯҲһ
һԣվģϯ
Ϊʲô۸ϯԨЩ۵ɤôʡ
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ΪԹߵΨһξ̺Ϣ̽
뵽ϯʱϯԨ̲ס̾һ仯
ôѸƢ𱬵꣬ĥΨΨŵŵģ

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ϯС̿Լֻη塢»ڲЩµޡ
ϯԨװûС̷ԼԺǷתͷֻһԼԴϯ򲱾Ķ
Сָ̻Ĳͺá
ϯԨʱһʱ䣬־Լ¹ȥСʱˡ
ˣǾ߰ɡ˵ţͷϯЩֹ
л˵ûͲҪǰŷ
СĻʶ§˴ƸÿQAQ
ĻϯҲԥˣɴҽ㡣
ϯԨ״ϣ·
ҽ칫
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ϯС̳ҽԺĶһӣ鵭ﻹиղŵӡ
ϯԨϳ󣬵
ڣ뵽ҽĽ飬Щ֡
ҽԺƣһһôһ룬ǰÿҲûǮ
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12 
ϯԨЦϯע⣬֪ϯԨΪʲôЦǶССĵǡ
ϯ򲻾ϯԨΪ̸ǮһԼǷŵһǱҡԼݹҲ
ûгԸӶһֻĴƳ档
̾ڽЦһǰ󻵳ԼʱûЦ˭֪󻵳ǲˡ
󻵳濴ҡ
ճƣϯԨ˼лعȾע⵽Լߵĳ̣˿ųţ޲ԼԶԶġ
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Ȼ֪ⶼǰɵĺ£ڱǸԼԼʲô
ţȤζץס˳̵ĺӣȻѾľͰѳ
ң
ıǰ󣬴С̿ʼҲ
Լӡٹ̵ĳ棬еҪЩ
¹ϯԨ⣬챧̵ʱͷˡ
ڼ鱨֪˳ЩӪ
̱ʱ򣬻ЩɵĶԼϯԨ֪ǸûӦ
ɵˣ
ȳ̻عԼ˭ץʱѾǳϯԨˣһ־ϡ
Ƹ󻵳ҪԳء
ϯԨȤĴ˴̵Ķͷô˵
С̵ܷḻǲ֪ʲôӦòʲôû
̲ҿͷų
ҡҡ
󻵳ÿ¡
ϯԨų̡ҡ˰죬ǵȲ䣬µֱµӣʵѾˡ
ʲôϯԨ˶󣬽̷Լϥϡ
Ҳжʮŵʱһûô˵ҲЩס

ȫסˣȫҶ
ɵ㶵ǵϯԨúЦ
Ȼ֪ʲôСŷɳӣϯԨûס̵ӡ
ôû⡣
ϯԨ¿ϧָбټҵҪˡ
ССԼҪԵĻ䲻һ䡰û⡱ʶľ
ҪңҲóء
ԣϯԨΣǰ⵽СǸʲô
ţȴǶŪţŶҿܺóԵӡ
ϯԨųۿԽԽԽԽ죬Ϊ̻޵ʱ̵˵
ҸԣԺԲƸ𣿡
ϯԨ
̵Ļξ￴һЩ棬ЩԸĺӶԣ˵ͯӰҲΪ
ϯԨװûע⵽ϯ̻ʱ֡
ԼСֵ̳ʱϯһֱעԼԼʲô
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ϯԨʱϯϵ㲻ϯðƾǽаƸ곤һЩϯԸ⣬ͺٻؼˡ
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ϯԨţδ֪жٴƳꡣ
ϯ͡ϯԨϵ񻯣ҪΪϯ޵ֻ۳治Ǹϯڱ޳ȥԺ֪ǡϯԨͰĹ
Ϊ˼ϻͰԼ޸һֻ۳浱̣ϯԨʱЦˡ
ʹֻǸߣϯûѪԵϵκһеµ˶¡
ξʱϯݾֻЩҲ㹻ԼӦԼƻˡ
ϯԨԼҪĲǱһֻġ۳桱ֻԼ鷳
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ϯԨӳһֱ뵽³ֱͳǰʱֹͣԼƻơ
ƻΪԱ
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ǰûмûѡֻܺ͡ϯԨ£ȡϢеѡȻҪԼҲЩ
ڡ

ϯԨԷٶȺܿ죬ϱӱϰߡ
Ϊ˭Ҳ֪һǷҪͻȻֵĵжǽչս
ͺһж࣬ϯԨϯûкһԼʱ߳ƶӦԼԵ̫ˡ
ϯԨȥ
ղϯС̽˳ʱϯֱԼųϯԨɿǰԷ
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ϯСû뵽֣Ŷԭء
ϯԨϯС̳Ĭˡ
ˣǰޣܱԼ뵽ĻҪһ㡣
һֲֶʲô壬ֶܳô


13 
ϯԨ鸴ӣЩһѾ
û˵ϯͻȻȿڣģ½͵˻
ϸģҺССһֱڳԵġ
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ϯԨĿӷһԵĹͷɨۼֹⷢӡšƳר
СȵĽ͵ȻСĵİѿһĹͷȦǺᶯƵá
ˡϯ˵
š
ϯԨޱĶŵˮı뿪ˮһ

ƸԳ𣿡
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ССץӣһŬݵϯߡ
ϯ벻ͨϯԨı仯Ϊʲôò˵ϯԨղûзѣķȥ
һֱͺˡ
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۳Ҷвÿ¿۳۹ṩһٽ⣬۵ļ۸ԷѲ֡һ¹ǻҶϣҪǱҡ
ϯԨʳָû棬˼ʱĹж
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š
ʹʧȥΪǿߵϯԨȻǿӦеģꡢ侲̬

ĸСʱ
ϯԨվһ壬Ҳĵһ
ߵϴּžԼ
ı仯ȥԣϯԨԼܹܵϸ΢仯
ͨһεһܹĸСʱĸСʱͱͣȺľһ˿ָܹٴμ
ԼǿһòܹþԼĪFˮ׼
ϯԨԼľӦٿ̶ҡ׼Ҫ֪
ڵܹǿȵĿ̶֪ûУ֮ԼʱһⷽϢ
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ֲͬǲҪˣҲҵƵģϯԨ뵽ҶݵЧԼ۸ǳ˳ЩΡ
̫Ļծ۵Ҳֻҩ̾ˡ
ϯԨţһԣһЩϢ
ȻڹԼ˽ͨѶ˺ܶδϢ


14 
ϯԨ㿪ЩδϢ
ϴ֪㿴Ϣôң
òĽҽԺ˰ɣ
ϴϴ󣿻𣿡
ϯԨŷ˵֣˼ҪҪء
̽ӹϢϿ͡ϯԨĹϵ㲻
ԣ߹ϵϯԨߣ̽СܡСһĴڡ
ϯԨ̽Ϣŵһߣ㿪һֻ淢Ϣ
һλûг̽ô.
ϯԨ˵㱻ǴƳ繥ˣ
ΪƳҹ㣬ƽʱѵ̫ˡ
Ƕ֪ˣʲôӶûˣƳ˵ҽԺ
⼸ϯԨͿˡ
ֻǳڽͳ̽һûлظ
ܼĳӦҲֻ۳棬Һ͡ϯԨƽʱĲڳζͶǸ͡
ϯԨȥȻˡ
ܳô˵
ϯԨôˣһֱװû
ò˰ɣ
Ҫ˵ǸôȻ缸һѵѵ
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ǰЩ۳ʱƢͺܲôظһⶼûС
ϢȥǱߺܿͻظ˹
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ϯԨ֪Щ۳򽻵ⲻ˵ģҪ˵ϤҲЩǰϤ
Щǰʶܳʱĳ棬һкֱӶϾҲʵ
ǰĽȦô󣬶Щ۳溭ǰٷ֮ʮ˼ʽϵǸȡΪ۳֮ҡȺ¼㹻ϯԨжЩ۳ݡ
ȫǹ۳棬ٶЩȨơ
Щ۳ݵλͬ̽ϯңԸϯԨСܵģҲܼͬ͡ϯԨƽƽġǺǰֻ۳ϡ
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ϯԨ仰óһظ
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ӴܼЩ۳棬Լбףڿܱ¶ͬʱҲһ˽ǰĻᡣ
ǵĿУϯԨԼ׳ԼҪ鱨
һȺƽ䲻ʮ۳棬ҪǺƲǣԼЩι˹
뵽ϯԨڴ̣˸պԼڵ̫񣬻ΪԼõǹȥ塣
֣ܼĻظ
ܼǾ˵ˣߵ㣬ſڼ
ڿԼʶʶνġʢ硯ˡ
棺ϣҪһˡ
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仰Ķ쿼ϯԨһʲô볡ѣ
С˼һǱҶѣҪ濴ƷǲŹأûٰʮǱҶ²
帺ծѾʮǱҵϯԨšһǱҡٰ͡ʮǱҡޱ飬ĵڷڻüô
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ϯԨûлκμ䣬̶ֻʮӣ׷ʲô̽ղȺӿɲǱ˶ˡ
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ֻϯԨԼ֪ǰϯɵӰСñάʱ׶Դϯõ̬Ⱦ䱩ϯ򲻴ڡ
ϯĵľôɸ֣ϯԨ֮ʱϯ֪㡪ֻҪǲŭԼԼͲǣö֡
ʱϯȻȻľͻԼת̬ȣҵԭ
ϯԨȥϴţһ졣
ϯеɻþûع
ϯԨˣȫûԼ
ϯ򷢴ʱ򣬳Ĵſգ۾סƸ֣ʣƸƸʲôֻ󻵳Ѿˡ


15 
ϯԨڿ쵽طʱ򣬱˸ϰ׼
Լȥ̳̽ģڵ£ûҪͶԷͻҪ˳ͻľóˡ
鿴һȺ¼ܼ˵ˣֻ˵Ҫ֡
ϯԨڳ̽Ķλ³ͷи۵곯˹ЦļһϤģ
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㿪ԷԼϵ֣Ѿܿˡ
ϯԨźۼǰű꣬Ŀⲻһߺ۵ĳ࣬Ǹδꡣ
ֻȫܺǰ쵽һȥ۳档
˫ֲڿڴһ˫Ư۾µĿü飬Щֵ˵Ԩ㿴е㲻һ
ʲôһ
ϯԨ䵭üͷţ˭ܿڵ鲻Ǻܺá
ڿû仯ˡͷɫЩðɣ˵ҽԺ⼸ûʲô°ɣ
ܼ˵ĺأ
ûˡ˵ţһת⡣
Ҫ˷ʱˣ̽Ǹ׳ջ档
ҲǣȥɣǱˣô䵥ˡ
ҵ۳棬Ǻԣˡ
Ԩ˵Ǹһô
ıţ۴ʹϣֳһĨаЦݡ
ϯԨ߽ԶĽŷǸƾưɵĵط
˵Լ𣿡

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16 
Դһͬ飬İ˾ˡ
һ˵һ뿪
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˭𶯡ۡ̽˻һ㿪֡
ǵùˣò׽㱻ˣһֵù¡
浹ù´γǵýǡ˵ţͷ־ưſڵλñһȺΧš
ſôˣ
̽ãһ۾ͿſдƷĴƳ档
ǺǾ죿ǣ
ôо죿Ծ˭𣿡
̽һϴ󣬿ĿİͰ͵ʣϴ㲻Żǵ𣿡
ϯԨĮȻĿһۡ
˭˵ġ
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ǰԨ㱨ľûס۵ЦºˣУҵȥո֡
̽Ҫȥʲô
㱻ҵȻҪȥָˡһȻӣһ¶Ц춼ˣⲻȥһˡ
ҲҪҵ鷳
ˣԨղûְɣ
ϯԨûС
Ǿͺãҵİɡ
νÿģͳ̽һ𱻴˾֡
¼ʱϯԨֻ򵥵Ļش˼⡣
ͲһˣͼӴ׵İ˵ܶŹþ۸ȵȡ
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Ǳ߶ûзҲǲֻA۳ǣ
һн뿪ֵʱϯԨԼƣȻǰε㵽ͷϡ
ϯԨ
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ݡ
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¶һ㣬ٴθлλֱ֧ĵСɰ~~~~



17 
ϯԨͷĲ߽ϴﵹȻˮǵɫҺˢɾ
Ѿҵ쾫쳣Ծԭ
ⱭƽȣڿȶԼãϯԨʢҶ֭Ĳһԡ
Ҷܹ֭۳Լ޷ƾ£þ͡ƽġ˯ȥ
ܲ˾Ծ۳˵ǺôԾûйľֱǰзϡ
룬ڼȡǿ·
һĽԶһ۴Ƕͷľ
ΨһĴ𰸣ҲĳЩҪġ
뵽ϯԨ̾һ
ȡͱ׼EֻܶFԼͱ׼ûдﵽ㹻ľ˶ԼʵָĸЩ
ܹE֮ȡĥ壬ڵΪרıΪ䶷ߣר򱻳Ϊٿʦ
ڳûҵûз֣һЩδԼ
ϯԨȷԼֻǿԽңԶǼʿռ䣬һİΪҵһϤϵͼ
Ȼܿϧ֮⣬ûҵͼһͼ
߳ϯԨʱշչǡǵõͼ̫ϵܱߣȷλõϸһЩͲˡ
רҵѧңٽĿϵʵԷֱԼľλá
ĳƺҲ͵ĲһΨһܿ϶ľԼ̫ϵԶΪȷڵ򣬲֪ϵԻϡ
ϯԨڷʱ仹ϴһ£ͻ˶װųܡ
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ϯԨ治ɫĳͣʱ䲻䣬һԼ
˵꣬¥
Ϣòʱ⣬Ҫ

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ժûϵģⲣֻǿ棬ǿǵġ
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ϯԨߵվҪժߵʱ̨ĵһƷ
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һֻ˫ֱŹɫеĴƳ棬Ÿڲסʲôᱡɴ¡
ϯԨֻһۣƫͷһߡ
ƷʱҲˡ
ǵһƷţǿǶԳ򡣡
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˵Ұô
ϯԨǾȺ֮̾⻹мϲʹ
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ϯԨȥͼһֱĴƳ濴
˫ƺɫûκаһҪݣһִƷĿ⡣
ҽʹôֻƳ棬ֲͬĳûĽĳζ˵Щ棬ĳܸսô
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ʵҲһд߼ӿһ½࣬дĻ̫ˣ컹óŵһ˯ӿ־ò̫á
ԨڵȵȰɣ㶼¹ʮ_(:١)_
ϯԨǣˣʮˡ



18 
ܼһ޵˵Ҳ֪ǿūʲôҿҲһ㡣
νһûþʵ飬˵ǳԶͨƳ棬ÿǲġ
һֱûгϯԨ°ͣǰ⼸λ̾Ϣһ˵⼸λб̬Ǳô
ʱʦڽһƷ
Ƴ淸ᱻݴūӡūгܻǮūУƳûСֻһ㣬ֻƳ۱
ƳݼǶʮĳȻԡһƷڱصãϾܿ
Ҫ𣿡ѯͳ̽
ǶֻȤô
ϯԨɴĴ𣺡ûȤ
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ƲƲ죬ǶҪҲˡ
Ķֲ٣аô
Ѿʼˣ۸񲥱𣬺ܿͽǱҡ
һŵʾϣǰ߽м۵ֲš
ҪĶûеòġ˵ţһְڽмϣ׼ݵһ̧Ǳȥ
ڲϵ̧Уе˶ʮǧǱҡ
ʮǧǱһΡʮǧǱΡʮǧǱΣùϲ419ŰԶʮǧǱҵļ۸һš
ĴƳԼջ֡
ǰʵƷϣֵۡ
һֻūʮǧǱңǮûطôܼ
һȻǵġ
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ס˵뷨ϯԨȥ
ЩһȤûС
ԼĿĻֳԼ̤㣬ϣһΡ
ڼܿ˼Ʒ
µƷϯԨ𽥸šüôūһΪʲôȤĶ
Щͷˣӿʼȫū
ΪԼԵúȺԼò̸۵ʱ򣬸Ÿŵ䡣
ϯԨôƳ淳ⲻ㰡ܼĿϴţţ°ͣʱΪĳ
ò˵˰ɣ
ܼƵĻһ֡

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ϯԨֵ̧˵򣬺Լ
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ϯԨвŽ˲䣬ڸűǰ˴ӹ㲥ﴫ
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ֻ˵ԷʵɼΣתһֻƳҪʧˣ϶Լȥвᣬ鷳ĲͱԼˣ
ˣ͵ԼһƣÿҲͦˬġ
ϯԨ뵽Ϊ
лҪ˵
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19 
ϯԨ֪Ƴ治뾪ᣬһɶذ״ԼС
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ǲǺܴ̼
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ϯԨԴƳеʮ⡣
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ֻǽǵĴƳ棬Ӽ䶼ЩΡ
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20 
ϯԨһʼ־ϴװģʱһ濴ȥˡ
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ǱⶫҲȱҪ⳥һֻĸҡüּ˵ϡĴƳ棬ҵڶֻף˵Ӧúܼ򵥡
˹ȫû뵽Ȼô˵
£̫߿ˡ
ĴƳôģοһֻνĴƳ档
Ǿκ֪ô˵ֱ׳˵ûܺãǵΡ
⡭˹ˡ
ģ濴ǣƵʣǾ˵ĶԲԣ
գգ˫ɾγۣ˵ĻȴޱȣǣĴƳ棬ȻҲûʲô˰ɡ
ý˹ֻµĸðɡ
ܼЦеĲɣҲôġ
棬ҿ졯ǹⲻ⳥һֻƳѣŪȥϯԨ˹һΪѣ˳ּһѻ
Լ⼸ٸʲôˡ
ڣ̽Ҳ͵Ǿǡ
˹һһҭθЩʹʱҪǹģԼֻḱ᳤Ҳõˡ
лҪ˵
ȻǾ߲ŰŶ(ţ3)Ũq??
Сд֣Ҳ᲻÷ιpsԨ̵ֱΪ뱾޹ء



21 
׶ڣǰ۳浥óҪ˼ɡƫƫʲô¶Ӱ룬һ͵
û˭ûȤ鷳۳汾Ͱ鷳۳屶鷳߹첻ߵ۳棬纣ҲҪԼܲǺȫˡ
ʱû˵һˣȻȥֻ棬˹˿
ϯԨǰǺվһϣ˹֪Լ֮ǰ˵⳥϶ˣҲİ˵
ô꣬£Ҳ¡
˹뵽˵κһţǲܵġ
֪ġ
Ȼ˹һתȥһҪһŵĻһеķ
˵
ǰһ͸Ǳ⳥水ԭȵĲ䡣
¾Ρ
˼ս˹⳥Լ׬⡣
ֻƳȴȥܾȾ;ȣܾʮǱҵ⳥ԼҲûʧʲô
ãҽܡüͷչ
˹΢Ц֪ô˵
ȥ׼һ£Ժǰһ͹
˰֣˵ˣҲҪȥˣֱӰһ͵ҳϡ
û⣬ǱһԺ˻ϡ˹ʾ˽⣬Ȼ˵ȻѾˣҲͲżλˡ
ߡ˻֡
Ƚ˹뿪
NɪĶ˵ѽϵĻôá
ֻǽ˹ִˡܼһ
ϯԨܾý˹ֵЩԣǶȫû飬̲סǲԼ֪Ļ
ǲã˹Ӧδ̫ʹô
ܼ⣺һû˭ԸԵġ
̽ĽĿ棺ϴ󣬽׬ˡ
֪ҲˣøǱһ׬һ
ллˡ˵
ǲÿ˭˭ЦĹҵϣҪϼ֣ļ
ǣ˹ƭǡ
һſ϶ǲˣȥҲûãβûǻġ
Լȥˣҵı걾ûλá
ϸ㻹ҾⷽһҪѧϰĴָ
ˣʱ䲻ˣҵûȥˡܼһ£һپۡ
Ծ϶ȥĹ簡
ѲǼ˭ڵ㣿

ϯԨǴ֣Աߵĳ̽˵߰ɣҲûȥˡ
õģϴ󡣡
ûģϴ󡣡̽ߵߵĸ
***
װĿ鷿ɳαŽ˹
ɾô
ѾɾˣɽҲ׳ȥˡ
˹˵ֻʧСвμ۳棬ܱܲǵİȫɡ
õ㣬ֻҪҪģǾ벻ǡ
߲ôȷǵô
ȷǵ϶ˣֻǲ֪ô϶֡һȺˮĳ棬ܵϣҲ±
˹ģǵټһ۹ٷֻ֣·һ
᳤Ҫ׷ôΪ׵ǸУҪƱȻºۼʱǿԡ
á
ûҪ˷ʱ䣬Զ֣õ۹ֲǸá
עЩҪעǡ
ǣ᳤
һߡ
ᣬ˹̸ŵߣ׼õİȫڡ
طƳ潫ϻԵͬ£סɫҰ׵ĺڷƳ档
ӳôô
ڷƳóһ֧ҩԼע䣬򶨣û£ȻǴĪߣԼܽ
ӳ㲻עҩˣǺܴĸĴƳ水ס֣Щյ˵ûȷǾȻҲˡ
ûϵҵ͹ǡ
ڷƳγܣȼһ潫ջ٣һεжʧˣҪңƶƻȫ档
ӳ㲻Ҫ˵
Ҫ־͹ң鱨ѼĲϸҧİûڡ
Ѽĸϸһ㣬ҲԼˡ
ڷƳĬһļ򣬵ﲢȫСʱǺͰԼõʱ䣬
һͳˣǿ취
Ҳ̫ͣáڷƳ濴˿ǣǾͽˡ
ǣӳȭ¶һξԼҲҪɶӳ
緽ʽԭģ˵鷳֪ôġ
ţӳҲҪСġ
***
ϯԨӺؼңѾϾŵˡ
һЩע⣬Ͼ޹ء˵ֻеһСֵͶ̫
ҪںҲںϾǸˡ졯ڵ۳档
ϲڱﻹôõ¡
ϯԨŴţžﴫһ
̧ۿȥŷֵӿţĴǶͯƬһɳſŵһС磬Լı˴
ԼĪǿ˳̣һŤͷöĿ⣬ʱľ
ʱϯҲϯҵܳȻԼ
ϯԨΣһһСľԱ񡰳桱е紵ݶŵֱµӡ
ϯЩҡ
ϯԨΪʲôô磿ȥϯԨǼֻ۳ȥҹġ
˵ϯЩҪԼϡ
ҡ
ϯտڣͼϯԨƿĿޱ¥ߡ
ԼǱôϯЩãȻ֪Լòü˵ȥ
ֱһһ¥ϵԶȥﴫĶƬ쳣ϯŻعԽԽϯԨˣûԤеϯԨȥƢ˼ûС
ƸƸ̻عܵƸߣҧŴ˵ˣǲˣССȥǸ
ССĻϯһ˵ʱҪȥ
ţССɻ
ϯ֪ôͣ̾˿ת˻⣺˯ˡ
¥ϡ
ϯԨϴˮȻ·ӽԶϴɵĻ
һ죬ֻú˯
ˡֹϴĶ
ſϯվ⣬ﻹһҶ֭
ղŷϣǺˡϯ˵
֪ˡ
ϯԨֽӹȻֱӽŹϣҲϯǲǻվ档
߽ϴּѱӵɾǲܺȵġ
ڶ졣
컹ûϯԨˡ
ܽȥͣ򿪹ԣʱԼûδϢ
۳֮ҡ¼ϵģҪµֻƳ档
¼ϻͷ˼ƬƬϯԨΣֻƳԲѻв԰׵ɫϿ״϶̫á
ϯԨüǡ
֪ǲǴܾЩƬ߶Щ󡭡Ǽ״Ӹǵʵʵģôܿ컵ζ
ԼЩ˶ٴ߶ݣϯԨɫЩڡһΪĲгûޡ
ʹǣҲԼ⣬ȻΪӰ̫С
ˡ𶯡
ϯԨعڿʾϵʱü
ԼûȥԼˡ
ôţϯԨ½ι


22 
ûдŵɣԶ߽һЦ
ϯԨɳϣԼԶۣѵ˵ˣͲˣ
ղŴ绰Զ˵ЩҪŰݷã˵
¡
Զû̬ȣһ۸Լˮϯ򣬷ϯûԼҵӡˣΪϯԨϯΪĥϾϯԨ̬ϯĲ
ϯԨע⵽ԶϯĿ̽Ȼɫ࣬΢΢ƫͷվԼϯǳ⡣
ȥҪﰭۡϯԨϣԶʲôֱ˵ĿڶԶ˵
ڿ˵ˣʲôҪš
ԶµջĿ⣬еǵ㻳ɱ׿ôϯԨǸ쵰ӡԼôϯӺùϯԨֻĺʹࡣ
BAܵĴҲˡԶ˵Լ⡣
AĴȻBܱȵģֻ˵ÿµǱҾͷ˱
ϯԨԴ˲е죬ʹ˽⵽ˣĸȻ٣۳ʹƳ⣬Aϵ۳ϡ١
£ҲȻġ
Ѿɣ¸¿ʼAţô
ûС
õģǩְɡ
ǩ֡
ԶͿڵҿϣ㻹ʮͳˡ
ڴƳʲôϲ𣿡Զش𣬽ʵ
ϯԨŵӱʵָһԼǲˣȻôô׵⣿
ôҶԴƳϲãҲ㹤ΧڣϲֳܱԾֻƤЦⲻЦķһ䡣
ȻԶ̩Ȼ
۳ܹȢƳ棬A۳棬ǿǺܴƳ滶ӭġ
ϯԨ
ȻܶĽڲ١ޱ̫ţЩм
ѵ˵˭ֻƳ޸ңԶشϯԨŵҲҪƳ棿ֻ۳涯ֵĴƳ棬ҿɳԲ
ôܣøѡĴƳ棬ǵǰ˳޺ԶֻΪΪϯ£Ӱο
ϯԨûһڻؾûҪʱѾܾʾĹԡʱֻҪԼԸ⣬۳汣ЭҲԼȢһֻİ۳档
ȱȱ˵ʱûȤ
ǿϧˡԶû뵽ܾô죬ϯԨ̫ãϾ۳δǲͬġ
ı뷨ʱҡ
ЭﵥƳϷǳĶ࣬ϲʲôģҵʵġ
ϯԨԶƤģȻô仰ԼҴƳ棿ƾԶô˵Ҷֻˡ
û˰ɣ˵ãһҪ
ʲô£ԶЩ֣ԼϯԨûн飬ϯԨʲôԼ
ϯҪҪͬǲǣ
ԶΪʲô£һ˵ͷ
ǵģǱڵΣգǲܷ˺۳ǰƵĴƳ浽ܡ
ϯԨʣϯһ뿪ҳԤúõľ룬ͻᱻעŨȵأҲûɡ
ûԶĵ׵ԽԽ󣬲ϯԨЩʲôĿġ
ȡ
Զ⻰ʶʣʲô
ԼˣϯԨ˵ˣ
˵ѶϯľȡϯԨظһ顣
УȡƻкܴȫԶҲľͻش˵ΪʲôҪȡƣԼϯģûӰ졣
˭˵ûӰˡЦһ˵ԭԳȥϰ׬Ǯֻܴڼ˵ʧ˲Ǳҡ
ԶʱһѾȻΪ
ϯԨװԼûһƽϵ˵Ŷô˵ֻȡƻĵҲ˰ɣȻҡ
ǲô򵥵Ҫ󣬶ɡ
ԶĺϯԨӣЩʲôҪһ۳ģԼ۳汣ЭṤҲüˣʲôѸ۳ûôѰ·ͷһؼ
ȷûڿЦ
ԶšüƽҲˣһζʲôӦòҪҽ͡
ҺԼ˵ʲôϯԨҪʱ֪ԶǸʲôӦ˵ˡ
Ǿϸǵġ
ǰûонɵ뷨
ԶţԼҲҪһЭԶţʡԼ鷳
ǰûϯڼԼ͸ô
ԶУⲻϹ涨
Ϲ涨£֮ҾҪô㿴ŰɡϯԨ˫ֻأ̧°һ߰
ƹˤӲûԶñӶˣ֪û£һһ۳ΪʲôƫƫԼġ
һҪô𣡡
ϯԨһ˵Ϊں㿪Цҿûôġ
ԶеǰĴܺӣǱһЩ۳̻Ҫʹޣ۳̶ûôȡֵġ
̸̸
ھһѺСĹͨϯԨԶһ¡
ԶǿҼ£ϯ򵵰ķ¼ûбǸĳȨ޲޷鿴ʣµľƱȡȡ£λװñҪ
ϯԨԶò˵Զʾϼܹ޶ȡ
ûбҪȥˣŵ˵ͷϿ
ûġˣ˵ˡԶſû˵
Զ˵һ£ٸģڸҲԡ
ÿ۳ÿҪ׶ϢȡѪҺҺҺȵȣƳɻƳ澫ϢظοѪҺЧõģѪǱҡ
Ҿ㲻翼һ¡
ҿȱǮôϯԨ¶ɫĺҲֳġ
Ҫӵ
Ѫδĵ·
ô۳Ѫͦģ֪һٺǱңϯԨ΢
˵ءԶһЦ˸Լ
ˣϯҪȥ
ϯԨһϯ򡣡
ʲô¡ϯܳ
Ҫȡ㲱ϵԶӹ
ϯ㶣ЩԼġ
ԶϯȡȻ˵ҵˣҲˡ
ߣ͡
ԶЦһ£ĵϯԨ²ǿǰĽ飬ճA۳϶ʮֵܻӭ
ϯԨɫѿ϶ԶΪǰԼΪϯҵɣ٩Լ
ЦԼȥѪҲģ
Զ뿪ϯ˺ܾãͻȻڡ
Ǹҽ⿪ġʵʣϯҲ֪𰸣ֻϯԨȨޡ
ﻹиûϯԨбһϯò̫˵⿪ȥ׬Ǳһҡ
˵㲻㻹ˡ
ǣҲ˼ϯſڡ
ϯĻǾˡ
ֻҪ֪鲻ûд۵ľ͹ˡ
ϯֹ˵Ĵǲ̫ˡ漴־ЩԳϯԨǲͣԼҲ˵
һᾡ컹㡣ϯңǰС
ϯԨ̬ϵĸı䣬ϯ̲סҪ̽ϯԨĵ
лҪ˵
лֱ֧ĵĶߣ2021ũһ죬ǲǶżڼ_(:١)_
һ£Ƿ15000Ӹոȸµӣոϼӣ½ڻСӸʾգ



23 
, ϯԨһֱŬϣܹͻFơ
ĿյϷڡٽָ, ҩԭϡԭϰͬʱԼʵ̫ˡ
ԭ, ƷҩϻûгֻۣʱЪ˹ҩ˼
򿪹ԣȺ顾۳֮ҡĿڷ, ȥͷĵȻ졣
ϯԨԹЩûõķϻ, 󿴵ķԡ
[棺@ȫԱϲʶʵ۳ʦ]
[һֳˣ]
[ܼ⻹ô϶ǰ]
[̽ʶ, ʦҪ۳, ôܻʶ]
[ܼʵڲ, Լϡ]
[ܼƳ, ʲôѵġ]
[Ҳ֪вУһǴƳŪô졣]
[棺@ܼΪҲ𣿵һ²ų, һŵȲôá]
[棺@ ô]
[Ҳ, ֻҲͿ, ʵʺһô]
¼, ϯԨ֪ԭί
һž, Ϊһţ⼸뾡˰취뵽ǰù޸, óһ仰͡
[ûҩһš]
[棺ҩѾùˣֲ̫ãֻи߼ҽ޸ղó]
[ܼ鷳, ޸ղŪ]
[޸ҵ֪иط, еŪ֡]
[̽Ū޸Ҳûð, ޸Һûط]
[棺޸ҺҿԼ䡣]
[棺@ ޸Ū]
[, Ѫ˰ȷҪҪ˰ɣҾͲǸͷ]
[棺˵]
[ұĪ˹Ͽ϶޸գ޸ҺӦҲǲȱġ]
[棺]
[ܼĪ˹֪˼ҽԺ޸տܻС]
[ǰǰϵͷҼǵĪ˹ǰһֱܺӶϽˣ]
[̽ҪǷɡ]
[ܼһֻƳѣѵҪĪ˹˰ɣǡ]
ðû˵ΪҪʱð˳
[棺@ ˽ġ]
滹᲻ʵƷϯԨҡҡͷҲֻ֪Ƴ˵Ǻûǻ
ԼǽӴʱ䲻ǵ˽ޡ׿۳涼еĻƢูܼڡ̽֡ϡ濴ʵĮʵദ
ദ̬ǰǵĹϵҪ˵߲嵶ĺȴҲ˵̫ϣžһΪĺѣϯԨһЦ
[̽@ϯԨ ϴ󣬾ưȥ]
ĸ̽µǸ
Ĵοͬ룬ϯԨҲ;ܾˡܾ󣬳̽ͻΪԼܼһ飬Ȼڲ
ˣ
ϯԨ߹ȥţϯ򲢲⡣
ʣˣ
Ѿ¥ˣʦ˵ϣһ¡
šϯԨӹ˵ȥҵȻ·ȥ
ϯת뿪ϯԨ·ñ䡣
վڴ¾ǰϸעžԼ
ԭȵĳ಻һһҪ˵ƣôҲֻơ
ǰûԹ࣬ķɫǰķɫ̫İ𪣬ֱϱӼomegaҪ׾
ҲΪ겻ͬͬϯԨ۾ΨһһԭһĵطֻǡϯԨü䳤ŰƻС
ˡϯԨ󣬱Ű̬ʧҲ侲ƽżת˲ŵļ˿мϤԼ·ıһˡ
ϯİɫװǳΣĵ޳ͦΣֻٶɬЩⲢʲô⣬ֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬عȥӡ
ʵϣھܹԼһźϱһģһ
ǿľŤʵʣαװھһЩ仯ԴﵽݵЧ
ֻǾĿǰ˵
ϯԨ¥ʱϯںһֻƳ˵Ӧþǰ˵ʦ
ϯԨ£ûﲻʦ´дЩޣ̫ˡ
ΪϯԨ⼸ϯҪϵķװʦڷ϶ϯԨʡɫװӦøķɣڴϯԨϣȴĨɫԵóһЩ
Щޣ겻յԼ̣Ҳóˡ
ܺʷǳãҪ޸ġϯԨûеطҪ޸ġ
ڵͺʱҪһЩʵϲûиı̫࡭Ҳȥʱ䣬ô̵ʱ仹η̫ĸı䡣
ϯ˵ˣһʵ
ϯӵǻǰ
ǰûٲμЩᣬ¹żܹϯʽϵһϯһˣǵϯСʧ
ϯܵȻֳЦ鷳ˡ
ϯԨϸ߹ϯ׻Ҳ˵ϯԼǳϯ¡
ֱ׳ǰϯûȫ˵Ļ
ǲ֪㣬ֻҪıǰҲһһϦܰ쵽ϯԼʱ̬Ѿ仯ܵ˵гЧġ
Ȼ鶼ˣҾˡ
ʦǡϯ˵
ЦЦˡ
ϯԨϯ׻ʣûɡ
Ϊûͷ¼ĵֻҪڵϵĶλͲᱻ֣ϯܿҵ˹
û⡣ϯ˵ţЩԥĿ
ҳȥԺСС
ϯĻЩ˵˵ô㵣˺
С̺ԼһΣգԼЩΪûܴϯĵǡֻǾԼҲڱľٶ
ϯԨ˼ţüͷ˵ڴ󲮵ķϣţô
ʵղŵĻϯ̽˼˿
ˡ
ˣҳȥԺϻܻһ㡣ϯûԼΪʲô
÷ڱϯԨʾû⣬һܺ˵ӣֻǲص㡣
ǵö׬ЩǱңСӸ黹ҪһǮ
ϯԨı仯ϯѾľˣã֪ˡ
ϯԨƺǰͬˣҲûúõȥҷƢȴøؽϡ
ϯڳǰǲԼС̣ⶣ˼Ų뿪
***
ϯҡ
ϯԨڿ顣
ԼԳ廹ʮֵĲ˽⣬Ȼ֪ĳʶճЦЩһ֪⡣
ڲҺ֣йھص֪ʶʹҲѳϵͳ˽⵽һͷһӵģЩ۳Ƴ澭˻̳ࡣ
ϯԨϵĹԣϿԿ϶һˡ
۳棬ܹϵӦǱƹġȻұ磬Ҫ֪ڵϣװľĵ
Ȼˣ¡ЧʸߵһЩǣûзŵϡ
ҲоģϯԨɲǻĶûСٽ۳ԺѧϰʹþѾˡ
ҲԺܹεǲ֡
˼ţ̳Щûᵽص߸ݡ۳Դ˲ȫû˽⣬ܻӳһЩ
֪δƳǲҲϢΡϯԨ˼
֪ûУԲ֪ˣﲻһֻСԿʱͻȻһ飬ĹԺǺͱ˰󶨵ġ
ôˣԼĹô
ûУҲ
ϯԨ뵽ֻʱȷ뷨
ֽ׶Ŀ꣺׬Ǯǿ
ǰҪȵҵ׬Ǯ취ڵٶȣһ¾ռͻȶЩܹʹõľFE
žڵľǰЩҪʹָսǿ
ϯԨ¥ʱ򣬼װû¥ݹսǴŵС̡
¥ݺһС䣬ϯС̾ס档˵Ҳ֪ǰȥİţ﷿ȫãǰȴֳ˯¥ݼ䣬Ҳ֪ʲô뷨
ص䣬ϯԨʱзɿš
ľһ˿򿪹ԾͿ氬δ硣
ϯԨֱӺԹȥԼ벻ʲôҪ¡
һɫŷѾˡ
ϯԨ¥ϯûлƽͷԵСڿĵ̺ϣʱʱ̧ͷš
С̿ݵһ°ԴתȥͷװԼʲôû
Ҫô˵̺أϯԨȤ߹ȥվСǰ
װң
𻹸ҺԼ˵仰ϯСԼˡÿһμԼͼǻһ޲ѾһʧԼǰ
Ƹûн̹㣬ҪҵĻ
̧ͷ
С̲ΡΡ̧ͷҧ촽ӣŴŴĵ˵ССġ
û¶һС̣ϯԨԼ˲١
ûСϯԨĿɳϣڽűߵС̡
С̷ɿҡҡͷ
Ȼһ룬С̵Ķﴫ
ңĲСɫԼĶӣ·ٽһ
ţˡϯԨûơ
Ƹûи׼Եô˵ţӲ輸һˮŵС
԰ɡ
СЩµĿˮֿ˿һĲš
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ЩˮһֱϣϯԨֳԼż⣬ʱ١
С촽ԥһỹǰˮŵǰ
ҪˣҵȴƸ
ϯԨЦǰС̣ûסһӡ
ô³Ժһ
ĺôôݣüͷ΢ȻǰԼˡҲԼЩϵôСӣ߳ȥҪǲǱŰ
С̾ˣĶӦûӦͱ˸š
ȷӦССæȥΪʲôҵ
СЩ˵ĸо̶ƶķֱֱ۵ġûڵһʱ㿪˺ϯԨоûиоϯԨĶ⡣
ˣ𡣡ϯԨְС̴ӵڵϵˮ·ŵϣߣȥƸʲôˡ
µϯԨС̺ܿˣСȸزԼƸĻҪǴ󻵳̫ˡ

ƽʱԵĹͷģ
ϯԨ˵ţͿ̺ߺĴӰóһ
ƸһֱǳôϯԨӹϿ˿ϱǷֿܿʳġûӦĳϵһƳɵġ
šʵͷ
򿪹ͷǰŲĹ״ʳûʲôرζ
ϯԨܾʲôطԣһֹͷ̲סĳ˳顣ƳרĹͷԭôЩôǻйԴġ
Ƴǿʳ׷ǳ㷺޶ǶܳԡһЩϡٵĴƳԣжҲʲô⡣
Щͷԭ϶Ǹֶ²̫õĲ֣ټӹɴƳܳԵʳ˵ܳԱʳֻҪǱңܹƳһ
ۿ΢õĴƳ涼
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ϯûǮô뵽ϯǰ˻ǮȻǸĿҲ㹻ϯĲ
˵ʮа/ǰҪ⵼ϯֻܿԼͳ̡
ϯԨˣڵֵһֲƲһҪѡϯô£Ҫ׬ǮӣС̵һ
ǰϯҪǮһ棬̵۸ܲһ棬ƳĲ̫ܹע۳ԼĴƳʮֺӣȻСҲôҡ
ûʹϯԨͷŵһߣʣҩûкһ㡣
ʹССϯԨʱش
ϯԨѲȣ΢˼һ£Сһԡ
ΪһƷµĳˣǿȥС̼ǶˡΨһ̫õľʵڲǰ磬ǰ޼ɵ۳棬һ䡮⡯㹻ס˵ˡ
ϯ֪£Լǲڴʲô⣬ȻŴķһ·Բ
Ϊϯ˼̫ÿ壬ϯԨѾϯ˼ģʽ
ǰϯĹϵУǰһֱǴλߣֻҪݲȻڡôˣҪпϯԨϯܱԼġ
ССʱѾȫסˣɵĶϯԨ
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С̺ιȥſڳˡ
֪СҪʱӦԼı仯ιѳ̷ŵ˵ˣԼȥɡ
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Ҳ֪С̺ϯ˵ʲô֮ڶʱ򣬾ͼϯԼл
һʳ˲ʣлʲô
ϣСС˵ˡ
һʱ˼ѡϯԨζЦЦ˵ҷֻСͦȤģֻҪԹʵҲʲô⡣
һȥ飬粻㲻ķ
á
ϯĬĬʰӣ֪ϯԨʲôƺֻͻ롢һʱѡ

ϯԨϳԶ
ȻûѧῪϵͳԶʻ׵ġǰǽôӵϵͳָӵתڵȻҲڻ¡
ȵҽԺһͨܿļͳˡ
ǲģҩҪʱԡ
õģҽס
ҽԺ緹㣬ʣʲô
ԣġС̾½ǣ˵
ϯԨûС̶Լĳƺ߷һ֮СһԼ̬ȻҪ
˼ҸܳǺĲʹССȥˡ
ȥ˸λϯԨ˵Լѡɡ
ȻûǮǴӳԶٷǮеģ͵ǸϯǸǮǰˡ
ܶųԷĴƳ棬Щ̴󲿷ֶǴƳ棬ѿ۳۳̡
ֻԱ࣬ϯԨҲƳ۳׷ֻ⣬ṹǲܵġ
ɫ䵭ԴССȴϸġôһʵںѲ̵ֳС
Ϊʲôҡ
ûûСС̽ͣͷͼɻء
͵󻵳汻ˣԼֻǺΪʲô󻵳ͻȻԼôá
úóԷϯԨҲҪ͸̽档
ŶС̰ˣûƳ
֮һϯԨάģʽСദϯÿ춼ģҲ֪ҵʲôΪԼϵҲһֱûʡ
֮යС̣ϯԨʮɣϯһͨ绰붼벻гҪμӡ
еĵصϯλڽһׯ԰Ҳϯұڵĵط
ԭΪڵׯ԰ʮ־ϯұһׯ԰
ׯ԰ɽɽŵɽϯҵģûɽµĴŶȥ
ʻλĴţڲĽ߶ȶΪ룬ɫ԰ɫɫΪÿһޱȾϸƵĽ͹滮԰ֲһ.
ʹϯԨ˽⣬ҲܿЩװĻֲǷƷ
ｻϯԨĵûκע⣬һһСòǵķ
Ϊ磬ףصķǳ࣬Ǻϯļ峤Ǵ硣
ᣬͨҲˡ
һֱעſڣϯԨʱȻҲϯС̡
ȻѾϯԨ֪ϯҲ濴ʱЩȡϯһγϯĳϻǳǰοϯԨҲһϲϯĳϡ
һμΪϯĵ˼ûоܾϯԨ϶ܲˡϯԨԸָƣ뵽ϯԨеջ
һϯļ˵߰ɣȥк
ϯͻСҲװϯĳһЩʱЦеվڴƸߣ˭˲һ䡣
ƸĻϯһ»ǴӦˡԼϲϯԨԼȥĻƸġ
߽ʱϯԨͷˡ
ԨôôЦ˵ţһôƸģȴȥ󲮰ɣոջᵽء
硣ϯ
ϯԨûоܾ飬һϯ
ϡ
ɵĿڣһΪģ˵ںүү˵ԨȷҪһȥôүү
ϯԨûȤĻĿʵ̫ˡ
ǴҴȥүү
ֱһ仰ס˰Ȼϯ˵ߣҪҵô
ϯǣССָϯ
Ƹ̫ˡϯ񲻸ʵ˵Ǻкûпҡ
ƢһʲôġϯͷԼӿɲϯԨǸϳܱȵϵġ
ˣȥȥɡסúøǴùϵ֪ô
ϯӦǣƸ
ʵһҲ밴Ƹ˵ҲϯԨһʲô͸ʲôǲСϯ񳶿һЦݣһȥ
ǸһʹС۳棬ԼΧ۳ĴƳ档

ܿ׷а·ܿͼϯġ
¥Ļڡ
ϯŸԼʮ۳棬ܿóüʮֵơʹţܿʱķɡ
´ӲˣƾôеϯǿѪϯҵ۳ò඼ޱȵĵĳڡ
Ľ̶ȺʵͬѪϢϢأԽǽѪͳԽ״иһһһĴó۹ЩȨѪͳ֮ͨϡ
󲮡
үүϯ΢΢ͷ
ʱϯԨûѡ˳ϯ˵Ľһүү
аûˡǰүү۾˵˵ˣүү
߹ȥž͸ܵһ͵ľԼȫ
ãûʲô⡣
AǺ£ǿϧˡǰүү˵˶٣ϯģ˹ͼ峤ô
Ѿùܼſڵˣǵˣܼһͨġ
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ǰүү΢΢ͷĿϴЩ˵һתСԨҲˣҪ۸ڣһܸ˵ġ
ϯԨĬȻĵһϯûм䡣ʱ˵粻˵
ҲˣԺٺûһ֣֪ô
Ȼһȥ˹˹ͼظ£סҪʧ񡣡
ϯĿڣԨִ֪ģ۸㲻Ҫˡ
ʲô˭˭ϯԨԻȻֲԤСסʵͷĵҲֻԼ̫࣬һ־ͺǰйء
ǳ˲٣Ǻ¡ǰүүס
ţԷĿԼϯϣȻС̡
ôˣ游
ССЩŵǰĽһ游
ʲô֡
ҽСС
ǰүүһϯĵǸúӣһЩ
Ԩúúỵ́̽ϯҵĴƳôôС
ͻȻϯԨգٿϯεӣ˵ͷӦ
һúý̵ġ
ϯĻ͵ؿ
СС˾ϯԨԹԵĶСС˵Ҫ游
СС룬С˹Ȼ
үүҴȥ
ǰүүһȻϯ˵ҲȥɣıͻҪȥк
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䣬ϯԨͰϯһ˸ղӦԭα¶ˡ
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ʱйܼҴĴƳ߹ϯ΢΢˵˹ͼظºĴƾˣ¥µ
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ֻΥĵ˵֪ˣ󲮡
ϯĺǰүү˵Ļǰ˹ͼؼ֮Ȼʲô´ڣǰѾͬģԼܾܾԭ֮һһԭϯǰߣ˼һ¾֪ǰԸ񲻿ܻϯĶ졣
տϯҺͰԨߡϯĽ
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ζ˹˹ͼǴĶ׶ģԸԸ⣬϶ҪֵĹȥ
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ôȥʲôʱ⡣뵽ϯԨðĵһ뷨˻ô
˵ǰҲ⣬ֻ˵ԼҲȢһûи
İ̳ǰԭе˼ʹϵ󣬳ڲ뷨Żάš
ҪΪ˳ԼĻϯԨǲܴӦġ
ϯûע⵽仯ԹԵ˵ϣάǸĺӣǵЩǺܶ˹ء
ôľܾĴƾڴдţAȷЩˡ
ţԼһڣϯľȥ
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ӺǼ˶˹˹ͼؼƾ
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վڶ˹īɫƳ棬΢΢⡣
ղϯԨԷŶ˹, ˵, ӦþǶ˹˹ͼصĴƾ
ʱԷĿԼϣ󷽣еĳ˵ǰ, ûд󰭰ɣ
лл, ںܺáʮĻش
ڶ˹ƾվŸԼĪʮƳ棬ǺͶԷһ޵īɫһ۾ϳǸӡϯԨȵǶԷ۾Ͷ˹һģһ, Ǽ̳Ƹͫɫ
֪, Ƴ׼̳ԼƸķɫɫ, ⻹ĵһͫɫ۸ĴƳ档
ϯԨдīɫƳ, ϯ˵ġϣάôȡǰ˼ꡣΪֹȻ޿ޣȴܿǱŵİ
ɫͫעԼ, βż˿ӸµĲм
ɲǸÿδ򡯵Ŀ, ҲϯԨ˽⵽ĴƳ۳̬, ҪǶԷעԼѽ⡣
ԷǺǰû, ǵóд̵ĵλܵ, ˭ôδɱȨġ
ϯĺͶ˹, Ц˵ǸƳά£ôֳ
⻰ϯԨŷԼ˸
ԭǰƳ沢Ϊġϣά, ϣάĵܵ, ǿܽ͵ͨά¡˹ͼضԼֵ̬ȡ
ϯáά΢Цʺ, Ȼ˵ղǵʱ, ϣάס˼䣬ӦúܿͿ
ϯĵͷԭһΪϣάء
㿴ҿǰѰԨˣ˹˵ǲǸǼ档ϯЩ˵ȰԨϣά֪󲮶ˡ
󲮣˵ʲôءϯԨſڣƤ
ƣ⻹߳ŭˡϯĹһЦֿ˹ĴƾЩĵѯʡ
ϣάûдɡ
ҽ˵ָĲ˵ţĿһ򣺡ƣ˵ţ͵ˡ
ϯԨ˳Ŀ⿴ȥһӰڳԼ߹
ĵƹ£ע⵽ǶԷһͷɫҫĿ
ע⵽վ֮˵ĳࡣ
խ޳ͦε信βԴһɱ˵ڲͬɫ˫ȱʯҪءͷǳɫ٣Ϻ˼֮ľޡ
һɫװ⻬īɫд߸ββȻȻĴ
ʹϯԨڿϣάʱҲôһ˲ʧ
άµĳ಻ҲΪԷϯĿ˵ĴƳԭ򡣵ڼϣάһ̣ŻȻϯ˵ġǳƯʲô˼
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۸ϯĸ£˼ˡ
ϣάϯԨУ˸оЩ亮
Ҫά¶˵ˡϯע⵽ֶӵʧ
ԴˣϯĲ⡣
ϣάĳȫ̳ƸƯ޿ޣʹǲ谮Ƴ۳棬ҲԾܾϣάĴƳ档
ϣάֻǶ˹Ĵӣϯ֧ʻ۳涼˴ƾм䷢һЩ⣬ϣάҲܳΪϯԨĴ̡
ϯϯԨĴ󲮣Ҫ˵ϣάĴƳԼֶӣЩϧˡ
Ȼǰиǻ࿴Ƭڼˣһǽһ¡ϯº͵˵š
ϯԨ֪ϯ︹ԼҲһ˲ܿͻع
عϯ˵Ļ
ֻƬҲ˵ǰϣά˹ͼ涼ûм˻ԼֱЦ󷽣ֻҲ̫Ϸˡ
ֻƾϯԨϢ
߳ɰտԿ϶ֻƬ㣬ǰԼϣά˹ͼص뷨Ƿֲġһһ㣬Ҳɶǰδı
ϯ˵ϯԨߵϯµӡ
ϣάҵĳӡ˹ЦŲ䣬˵ҲɫĴӡ
ڵĳ׳ϣȻܵ˫ȴޱȡ
ϯԨκͻ״ŷḻӦԾ飬ⲻֳʱҲܿٷӦڣǰǰ׮µĲԸ㶿ȥûôͻأ
ϯļĿһֱϣάϣȴֲ˵ԨôһֱϣάʱҺ˵Ļǣ
㲻ϵĻһֱѡ
Ƥ˱ôѣָɫ졣ϯԨһƤС졣
ֻڱϯʾŷԼԭҲôЩտصǱʡ
Ҳǣúÿ˭ϲءһ̾޵ӣ࿴һԼֱǷǳϯԨŴ͵Ŀ뵽
ҵȻǵô˵Ļ˵ţûõĹŲߣǴ󷽷Ľϣάϵ´һ顣
ʱƿҲ̫ˣһԵʲôûԼЩ
ϯԨŻûκɵȤȻǰ˲ˣֱϱеġʹǰĻԼٺÿҲܶҡԼ¹ѵ
ϣάǰɣܸʶ㡣ĵ֣ԵЩϣά
֮ǰϯԨ罻ˣԼѺԼʾõҲǶԷҲһϣάȥɲϲǰӡ
վǰҪϰͷɫ䣬Цݡ
ܸʶϯԨ¡ϣά΢΢סָ֣һǣɫࡣ
ΪϣάʹͷϯԨ˿аʲô
룬ҲʲôС
ǡ֡
֮Ҳкܶȫͬĵط治֪˭涨ǡڹȥԼǱ˵ĽɫЩ֮ͬо졣
ϯԨ϶ϣάԼĲ͡
ϣάȴûбֳκεĲ죬һ㣬ֱվһԡ
ĿбӵӺ͸ɴľֹϯԨ˿øУ˵ʵΪǰٴƳ涢ſԴƳеܺԣôʼջǲġ
һϣάϾ˵̫ԣϱھʮ꣬Ѿӵҵ˶ԣʵںѲеС
ǣվһ䡣ϯЦ˵
ϯĶԼֶӵĳƢ˽⣬Ͼϯ󣬾ϯԨӴࡣʱϯԨܰԼ˵ѾǺܸԼˡ
ȻҲпϣάƻ
ʲôԭ򣬰ֵֶӾǺֶӡ˫õ̬ȸںȶϯĶϯԨϣά֮ķչּɣƲ
£ϣάͱϼꡣϯĴϵ̬̫ˣЩźĵ˵ϣάȥǰһֱûлǱӦøġ
ϣάˣԨǶϵҲǺõġ
⻰˵ĺãҲͬ˹˹ͼʲôǵ뷨ıϡ
ϣά㶼ˡ˹̬º̬ͣȴͷԸһڼȻˣ͸Щ
ϣά˹ͼغ۸˹˹ͼصĹϵ̫ã⻰ѯ֪ͨڳĶ˾ϯԨɲϯû
Ȼǵıûһ˿һı仯ȻǶ㡣
һԵİάЦţڰǻ˵۸˵Ķԣÿڷɲá
ҽҲ˵ˣӦöȥߵġ
άµΪϯԨĿ˵̲鿴Ͳġ
ʱҲˣһЩҪȥϯЦļ򣬾Լʱ˳ˡ
ԨϣάﲻϤһ߹һ䡣
ҲͷһεϯұϯԨϯĵĻЩԶԡ˵һԼҲϤⴴ쵥ദķҲֱ̫ˣϯľͲԼֱӷô
ϯĵĿ
ðɣԼ治ܷԡ
ϯ³Լ˻Ǳңû취ʳǰԼŭϯġһϯĲǮԼͻ뱻׷ծС
ȫǰǷǱծ
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ϯԨû⡣
ӦϯҲûĲԸӦ͹ˡ
˹֪ϯΪǶʱҲ˵ղŽʱ򿴵ˣҲҪȥк
Ԩϣάͽˡ˹
ġϯԨס
װģѣҲᡣ
ģô᲻ء˹ЦЦȻάºϯȺ뿪
һֻʣϯĺϣάˡ
źľͷŵϣάһ˵Ҫ
ȻǸῪ˵ľͷҲǸƯĿľͷΪû֣в߶Լߴ඼ڿϣά
˫ĬţǶڵȶԷȿ˵
ܲᶼҪһľͷ˵ϷϯԨš
û˻ͷԶϯ˵һºȤ
ҪϣάԼֹܲⳡȥЩȷⳡԼҲáϣάҲãʵûǷеȨ
Էǰһʵǲòܡ
еѡ˭ҪѡǰôһǴɷŶԣ
Լ˻飬ϣά۸ڲ֮䲻ڸ顣ǵĽҪⳡһڱеĻԼͲòĴ㡣
Ժڡˣȷһš
άǰ͹ģûҪٶԼôݵ֡
ϯԨ˼˼ӵʱ䣬ڼϣάһֱû˵ľͷϷˡ
Щͷ۵㳤úÿԼҲܲ𡣺ҲԼѡģҪȢôƵϱԼж벻
ϣάϯԨгԷ֣Щζ
ϣά˶ɫһ̶İĳˮ
ҲȿڣǴվһôϯԨһֺеӵݵľ֣߷ϣżַŵ̰ɫ
ϣάĬһ˵֪ϯԨʲô
ϯԨĹ۲һϸȻûϣάԼʱһ˿ȻԼǱø˪顣
Цһô㲻Ǻӣң
ҲǰʣֻҪϣάǰ׳գͲشǡ
˵Цˡϣά˵
ûشǲмԻرԼô
뵽ԼһڳԵĴǱϱӶʮҪࡣ
ò˵µϯԨʵҲûѡȨ
㳤ǲҪǻطҲһȤϯԨϷ˵ţҲϣάشЩʹĵǴǰ˵ĻΪһ˷ʱ㣿
˵Ǵ̶ѣҲ䡣
ѾıȽº͵ݣʱǱĬĸı£ֻΪƢԸ࣬ỳɵȥ
ҲļƻгЧı֡
˵ǡϣάûзĻƽз̣ϧ㲻䣬Ҳû취ܾ
ϯԨϣά˵ĸǰԼʲôϵ
ҲʣҲҪŸһ䡮ǰǸᣬȻϯҵҪ󡯡
ϯԨԭΪϣάǸûƢģڿٻᷴ
ܱԼһ˳Ϸǿ
ϣάЦһƺ«һû뻹ͦݵġ
ʱеһͣ
ϯԨмλãǰһүүһµĴƳվһֳվǰүүߵģǶԷĴƾˡ
ϯ֦ҶïӴ˽ⲻ࣬ĿǰӴıȽϤҲһϯġͳĻƶǰүүָȢ˶ֻƳ棬ٶҲ֡
ϯĺϯǲͬһƸϯԨȷӦͬһϯĶ̬Ȼ룬вĵĹ֮⡣
鵥ⷽ棬ϯԨܹ⡣
ǰµͨѶ¼ע岮õܵݾв١£ǹϵΪ׽ѪԵϵҲжС
˵ϯĸղ˵ϯеߡһܲµõǰһֵڶࡣ
ϯԨ΢һ룬Ҳ뵽ϯҺ˹ͼؼʮ֣أһݲ
ǰϯڲȻԵء
ţҲԡǰҲŵĺܼǵǣ޼ɵĲµˡ
ǧƪһɵĿ´ǣ޷Ǿ̸̸˾ٰԭлӭӭıǡ
Ȥ
ϯԨֳϲðڻվûߣȫΪ߲˰ˡ
ϯԼԼҪͻȻ뿪ָǳʲô粨
ôţһվӰϣά
ƹͣµһ̰ȥվŵĽ䲢ʹϯԨȷϣάվܿҲǸģ
ϯĵĿĺˣϣϯԨϣά飬ܹҪٿⳡ
ϯԨȴǲ˵ʲôǰҲʲôǫѷˡϣάԵĮ̬ܾѵͲϹ۾ȥķչ
ܲڸˡ
ϯԨţԷһ죬㿪һϯķԼϢ
Ƴһϣάĵϯǳְս껰̨ߴԼ¡
ϯԨûظǱϯַһϢߴ
Ƕ㲻ˡ
˵ĵһ֧衣صԣϣάڵķ̤һϣά˹ͼأңڽΪҵ顣
ϯԨĵҲ֪ԼѵĽأĽ͵Ĳ̫һ
һ̣һâʱĴʮĽм䡣
Ϊ˵ʱܻи⾪ϲǰ㡣Ӽһ𣬵һκϯԨ뵽
лҪ˵
ʩϡĸҲѼöҹè_(:١)_ҹӴȹ쿴ܲܰѸʱŲһ~~



25 
ϯԨһ·˵Ŀ, ϣάЯߵ롣
Ҫ뿪ͷϯԨһֻϣάϣܲϣάԼ/ɧ
ʱ, ϣά̤һ, ʼϯԨûôˡ
һ֧裬ԼҲû˹
ôţֱ۷, ҲôӲ
ֻԼȻ, ϣάȴȻšϯԨ֪ڵֺֹԼһ
֧ʮ, 
Ĺ, мƸҪͶԷʮָۡϯԨòʶԼ֧Ķ, ʶСʱİˡϣάš
ٿ, Ŀԣ˲֮յĲȥ,
ˡ
һ, ϯԨ޷ڶߵϢ
ͻһ, ЩԾ, ϣάĺƺЩأֻ֧, Ȼʱ䳤Щ貽ĽЩҲڳܲ˲ǡ
ʯ, ϯԨ뵽ϯϣά˵¡
ǰûзϣάʲôԵĵطϣάһֱǿţĻϣάε̫ˡ
֧衢̫Լһܷϣάƽµ
ʱ, һ˵ʧ᲻ŵ, ϯԨϣάܲܳס
Ѿβ, ͣµһ, ɿϣά֡
ϯԨ§ĶΪסϣάתޱȻ
㡭ϣάʶҪƿ
оϣάֳĿܣּҪӲȥϯԨЩεĿڣǲǰºȴִŲݾܾζ
Ҫǿţҿɲ뷢δڵ¡
ΪϯԨŵĺᣬֻнߵϣά˵ʲô
ϣάֱ㶵Ŀƺû뵽ô˵
ϯԨ̾ϢһϣάԼϵĿ⣬Щ

ڷϣάԺϯԨû̫࣬ܲļȡ
ֳϳ಻Ǽ£ǰǻûԼȴ˻쵰
㣬ôϣάʡ
ϯԨԼôû
ġˤģﲹһ䡣
ϣάҲȷû뵽Լô⣬Գɺѡ
͵ڳϯԨİǵѡ񡭡ʹϯԨڲǰżЦԼɷڵϯԨȷʵڰԼ
ллϣά˵
áϯԨ治ɫȴЩθС
ϣά˹ͼزǷǰʲôûʲôʧȻ߸ϵġϯԨⳡֻܴڱλõˡ
ҲϣάҲֻڼȶĽ£ǷԵò԰
ϯԨԼάǰԸ£΢ϣάЩ͵ǰͬΪⳡܺߵĶԷ
һյֻϯԨϣά˵ʲôԵޱȡܡ֪ĶΪǵĸʮҪá
ϯҺ˹ͼؼ飬һǰѾ˺ҽõĹС
ϯǰĽš
ǸӣϯҺ˹ͼؼҪ£ȴҶˡ
ҵֶϯԨͶ˹˹ͼظµĳӣڳٰ񡣡ϯ˵ţϣά
ϯԨ˹ǣΧĳ屨΢Ц
״ϯĸһĲ񣬵ֻ֪Լĺϯȫһ
ⳡһҪУԼҲܹȡϣάΪһսսѡ
ٰδ»һġ
ϯԨϣҪõⲻǰ취İ취ܿϧ˵˲㡣
ʱܵ˽С

ǰ䡣
ϯҵӹȻء
ճ꣬ҲǴƾҲһл᣿
ϣά˹ͼأ뿪ǺЩ˰ɣ뵱׷ӿɶˡ
ϯԨˡ
˵ϣάֻǴء
ģⲻǴ˹ͼؼҵô
ϣάҲǴƾģܼ޽ϯҾͲˡ
Ȣƾ۳ǣ޸۳̣̫Цˡ
ЩеǴ󷽷ףеȴ̫Ĵ
ϯԨȷϣάܲЩչߵ䣬ԼԼδսѵıѡ˳άϣά
ȢϣάôĴӣҪлءЦ˵ѷ֣Լûм漸ּ١
ϣάλε;졣
ϯԨֻԼûЩԼ֪ͺãûҪ͡
ԺԨҪϣάһЩϯЦţȴ⻰ϯԨ˵
ǵȻģôöءϯԨ˵
ϣά䵭˼ϯԨô˵Ϊʲô
ʵϡ
ϯԨ֪ϣάʵҪǿźϣάоͶһ㡰ˡ˾ǰӲкȻѾˡ
Ҫչ˵ĲˣɲȺ
ţʽû⡣
***
ڶʱϣάϯĴȥ˫
ڽһȦףͿ佱ϣάܹЩߡ
ϯԨжǿ콩ļЦȻûüʲôͼϣάɿĺһ롣
ԼǱˣò˵ȻԼϣάӲŵΪôһ˿ơ
ϯԨЦ⣬ģЩҲôһ˲ȵעʱѾ¸ԼˡϯԨеߡ
һһĸԼαװϯԨҲЩˣ֪ڻαװʱ
ôҲ㣬ǲ̫ˡϯԨĵ
㲻Ҳôôϣάʣƽ
ϯԨһҭղŵȷԶϣάûΪ˱ᡣ
ôţ֪˵ʲôˣֻӳһ䡣
ú˵
ϯԨû뵽ϣάĹ۲ôﰵԼȥСӦȻҪһ񷭳ˣǿɾһӢһ
ʱһŲԶĴһЩ
ҵСõʲôδ̣òǡⱻĲ֣˸档
վŵλòΣͶΧе£ֻҪѰǣͲôҵǡ
ô߲ư
ϯԨȥԷѾߵǰʱĿƵĶϣά
ϣάþòû뵽ټõܵĴ̡Էźһ޵ĺڷ˵ԼֻĿ⡣
ֻƺԼΪõܡ۳棬鷳ģ
ϯԨע⵽ԷԼЩޣǺǰгʲôҪڽ칫Ѷ¡
ϣά
⿴ϣάİĽߣ󰮲¶Ŀ͡ϾڶԷϣά޸ǰĳ棬Ӷĺҡ
ϯԨ˫ֻأȤĿϣάֻֿص侮ʯ۳档
ܽʲôϵԼʶֻܿϣάܲ˵õϢˣϯԨ뷨ڡ
ûаԵ˼
ţûС
ϯԨ֪ⵥѯʣ䵽ϣάֻ۳󣬾ͶЩʵζ
۳ĸСۣοͻȻֵֻ۳棬ֵĺδϤӡûеϣάѾϯԨƢõıˡ
ȷϯԨվϣάĬһڽгߵ֡
ϯ£ʲô¡
Ŷԭֻ۳ϯֻû뵽ϣάʶ
˵Ҫ޸Сõܣ˵⹧ϲģŲšϯ˵ţϣά߽
ǰӦͦϤģ֪ǲйһΣǰûƷļһòɡ
ϯԨ˼άɢ鷢ɢ󲿷עϣάϡ
겻ϣάȹȥƯˡϯţϵЦȴαҰݷ۸ҪҵĴƾǱһھܾ
ȴ˱΢Ĵ̣ϣάǲǺܺڵܾҡ
ϯԨϯ·ҪԼñӣһûԼĻϯ
ţǲ֪ϯ̵ʲô
ϯԨϸһϯ
಻ЩСˣͷ졢ɫסۿڣһ֢״Ǹмгƶȵ۳档
ôϣάû޸ҲǼ¡
ûСϣά˵
ڸϯϯԨ仰΢ﲻ̾һ䣺˵Ư͸ôйǡ
ϯԨһȵңһʼ㣬ôֵõϯϣάĻԹߣ͵ǰҪȥץĸ첲
ϣάüͷҪ㿪ϯ֣ȴΪĳٶһ˲ۼϯҪԼЩıۣǿŲûֽϯӳȥ
ϯľٶǳһЩⲢʲôص¡Ϊ۳ϯ֣ôʱֻԼ
ϣάһûеϯȴϯԨ
ϯǰøǰɣǲһվˡ
ϣά۾ǰһĻЩȻ
ϯԨץסϯ֣Ŀĵǰ붯ҵĴ̣㵱𣿣
Ϊʲôû޸㣬ûϯľٶЩá
ϯԨ룬ԭΪȻϯ˵ǰԼڱָָ㿴ԼԼòˬҲ
Ĵƾһã֪øм̰һܶɣȻôһеӡ
ǰĶ̬ȻԸϯ۳棬ǾǺøڵϡɡ
ϯԨ󣬵һθлǰıƢ
ץϯ͵ǰһƣԼǰһվϣάǰ
õСⷽɱϯűȴ˵ĵɫ̻ÿǻֵ˵ţҪǲϣά޸ңбҴȥ
᲻ı⡣
ϯ̲סϯԨ㡭
С㣬Ҫ㡣ϯԨЦЦĿϯӦ֪ĸҶ֣԰ɡ
ûԼΪ̫񣬸ıҪʱΪôһصǰҲֵ̫ˡЩɱ˵һǧ˰١
ϯԨΪҪҶ֣ǲǷˣϯɴ۾սȭͷҧȴѹ˲١
ϯԨ˵ᶯֵĻϯһҲûɡ˵ϯԨɵЩ޷µģһֻ۳ϯԨ˵ʲô
ҵС۳ҵĶϯԨ˵ųһһ˵ȡ䡢ǡҡġơ档
ϯɫһһףƱ˵ϯԨȻıѹˡ
ϯԨ˵ɢپˬȻû¾͵ʵеˣɱķ̱ˡ
ϯǰɣסˡ´ҪײԼͲҲͦġ
ϣάϯԨת֣Ȼ˵Ҫ롣
ϯԱϣάʹ죬ǰϯȥ˲١
ϣάſҪ˵ʲôʱϯŭӵϣάң
ϯԨ̫֣ΪҲ֪ʵ͡
һʱǵĶԻУԷϯ֡
ԭ⡣
ϯڿԷ˭ʱͻȻϢģ͵͵ĽһԸ磬ôˡ
ȻϯƺΪԸ硯Է俴ȥҲͺϯһӣʮʮӡ
ϯԨ֪ΪʲôƳ࣬׳ڸϯʮңʵ뻹Ҫһǰүүʵض¶
ֻͨɷǷ۳棬ԷʮĶš
ģϯԨ뵽ԼǰϯҳʱϯżȻᵽ֡
Լû´Ӧþϯĵĳӡ
ϯԡ
ϯԶϯɫ˵Ҹղź񿴼Ƹڵ㡣
ǣôȥƸϯ⻰ǻƨһææӦһɿ뿪
ûϯϯԿϣάĿ¶Ǹ⣬ʮ˵Ԩ֪ԸʵҲ㳳ġ
ϣάΪΪǸ
⣿ϯ˵⻰ϯԨһֶš
ϣάһۣû˵ŵϯԸأղŵҲϵġ
ϯȻģǹҳϯԨŪ˵
ǧĺʲôիͳϯԼʱ̬Ҫ˵ûʮǶӡ
ǰṆ̀ϯҲûõȥ治ܶ֡
ϯϯԨ֪ϯԱ˶ãϿɲǸպôǵӡ
һ۸ڿԨȻˡϯ޵ĿһߵϣάЦеĴȤ˵֪ԼĴƳˡ
ϣάûа㱻еķӦûУҲֻԼ֪
ϯԨ⻰Ƥ͵һǰϯԸһֵĸо
ûС
һʸڷϣֻǿϯǸӣžᡣ
ôǿԸ´ˡϯЦЦҲ֪Ļڷ
һЩҪԨԱ㣬ҾͲˡϯ˵ЦЦųȲȥ
ֻʣˡ
㿴ʲôϯԨϣάԼüĵͻȥϢ߷ҡ
˵ϯԨת߳һ뿪
ĳֻƳҲˣ뿪Ǹ
ϯԨԼӦñʾĺˣתȥϣά˵Ļף
֪۸ҪҺ㵥ദϣά˵ͣһ£Ǿò׼ȷֲһ䡣
ڽǰҶҪߡ
ϯԨ
ŸղǻԼֺã׷ѿࡣ
ϯԨϣά̬`ȼӣüͷһ壬㡣
лҪ˵
ΪҪиλãһ»2.4ʮһʮѼΪӳٸµĲᱬӴ~~~~ҿԲ²±ٹ_(:١)_



26 
ԽûȤϯԨ, ĥʱ䡣
ϯ˵˲뿪ڸղʱľˡ
ǰ¶ڱ͵Ŀ£ߵﶼᱻע⡣ֻҪЩֵ, ǿҲԼ
һߵϣά
оϻ˵ĺ, ջˮϯԨջˮҲضá
ϣάǹڳɫòڻ谵޷ȫڸǵ, ʵ̫עĿˡ˵ҪԼ, ϯԨԿ䣬Ҫǡ۳桯, ǵĴƳɶ˻ˡ
ϣάߵӺ, ЩƳ/۳˵ֱǳӱջܻһ˵, ϯԨһ֡Լߡݴʡ
һһ˫ֲڿڴǰ, ϵĿ
ǲ಻ǡϣά, Էǳ׵Ĺ᳹Լ˵Ļһᶼߡ
ͺԼ˸Сβ͡
ϯԨֹˮ, ֻŵܹϣά, Ҳܡ
Էſ, ˼ʼδ֪Զɢ
ϱɵϰ, ϯԨʲô¶ܹ֮ءڵǿԵжǽʱԼƶȻȻ
ڲһδԤϵ, Լҡ
ϯԨϲƶȣŴڼ
ֻϱӵӰ̫Լעû취ܵġ뵽ĸͻ, ϯԨϢС
Լǰֿ, ܵġ
ϯԨԼǰ, ͸óеǰΡ
෴, һУµԶǻŲҪԵ鷳
УʼնΪԼϯԨҪ롯һİõķʽѭǰĹ켣
ȫǰһԼǡϯԨ
ϯԨΪ׳ȴܶԳҲˣԲϯ
Լôڲ˼Լ£ϯԨڼȡ
Լ뷨ϯ
ϾκʱǱģھѧᣬӡĵ׵ԭԼȲƶȲߣȴѡǷϯ
ûҪǰ˭˼ʹϯ򣬵ʵ΢ֻڳֻԵʮֵĶˡ
ȻⱾһǻ͸ӵеġ
ϯԨöϯһע˶ԷҪϯЩϯУ˸ıӻɡ
ǺЦΪͥڴƳõϡ٣Ծͳ۳ʩ᣿
αװǰǲѵѡеķӦαװġӦСķӦĿǰûг巢αװµʵʲôӡ
αװǱ󣬴ϯԨʵ
αװ֮ϯԨԼһΪ˴̬ȣñڿֲԼֵ£ֻƳ棬ԴȥЩ鷳
෴ģҲܹƷĲ޶á
ڳϯԨ֪лص󣬾ͱܵľܾȥ˼Ŀԡ
ڲӰ졮αװƻ֤Լȫǰ£ʵЩԼĵ£ְһѵĳ壬΢С¡
ԣԼǹ͡
ϯԨϱǵ̫շӵָӹ٣ָӹ˼ܣһҲʲôϡ¡еϢϣȻƶʵӦԷ
ȱǰļ䣬ⲢӰαװǰ⣬ҲԲˡ
˭ѾԡȢƳ桯ҵ˽취ζʱͻȻðδͷһ
ϣά˹ͼءͷܡϯԨ뵽ƫͷһ۸Զϣάȴ⧲˶Է۾
ϣάڿԼ
ϯԨµתͷĿǰѹִӸղžһֱڿԼȻΪƳ棬û뵽ϣά
ֻϣάΪʲôԼԼԷע⡣
ϯԨֵóϣάԼĿƳ治ͬûκεĳԡ׷󣬶һִԼ
ղűϯĽʶʱʹϣάעԼпˡԷԼһⳡȴûз
ҲΪϣάһʼͲƳԼУڷϣάڿԼʱϯԨŻ᲻⡣
ѵ˵ϣάԼһ뷨ҪԼΪֹԼʲôϢ뵽ܣϯԨ΢΢һ
Լϣάĳֺ׼ϣάǰȴһкܴϣάǰҪЩΪԷǰδıͷɾ衣
֪ǳ
԰ȵĹսǴмƳǰ߹˵䲢ûзӰǡ
԰·߿ߣȥոҲá
ⳡкܶ࣬вȱĴƳ۳档
Ǹ峤ǵĽʳЩĳͰ಻סһС壬ϯԨĲࡣ
ϯԨⲻȺΪԷһԼʶȴʶǰĳ棬Ƕĺáʡ¾ܲȥӦǰʹϵĳ塣
ЩƳȥķҲҪȥġ
ϯԨûдֵ뷨ҲΪıõľ
ȥ԰͵õͷûǸȤ߻ͷ·ûȤġ塯ȥһЩûӰĵطһ忴֪ǻԲʲôгĻ档
ϯԨԳĽڲʵûʲôڴˡ
ûͷȥϣάôģ;ԳŻ԰ȥһ·Լ˶ãԷͳĬ˶ãҲǰʣοԼϣάĻش

԰
ϯԼĳ̻ڻĵͷ˵ǿô
ǰֺֻ۳棬һֻϯԨĻһ¶΢顪ⲻǸձһͨűϯһ仰˵ϯϯô
ССЩµϯӵͷ¶
վϯߵĺڷ۳üܼƣʾ֮ѪԵϵʵҲȷʵС
ѪԵ㣬ֵܼܹϵ
Ҳܣܺ㡣
ܺƺô˿̵ľʲô⣬עϯм䶼ŶԼĵ⡣
ϯң͹
һû뵽Ȼܼ㡣
ôϯԨ㵹ͦȵģɱúúõġ
˺һֻ۳棬ܻŵĴƳɲࡣ
ܺ⻰һ˵԰ע⵽ĳ嶼һ
ϯԨϯҵ۳棬ڳЩٶжš
ֻϯԨֻ۳沢罻Դ󲿷ֵĳ涼ֻ档һСֵ壬ΪθձŲμᣬԾϯԨֶʮֵİ
ϯԨġϯ֣㹻ʾˡ
ϯĬţûע⵽Χ濴Ŀġ𾪣Ŵһԡ
ܺ˵ĻʵԼûа취͡
μⳡϯ˵бףûоܾҲܾܾϯԨķԸ
￴ܺӰʱʶĶŶԷˡû뵽ǱԷŪⲻϲεĳ档
Լû£ССòײǣֱЩõĹȥϯ뵽ԼһתССͱܺקסĳССֲɵý˽
ϯɵĿڣֻС̻ܻŲְɡ
˵һνˣҲǲмҲĺˡ
һνϣ˭ɵģܺ㾪죬û˵
˭ǽϲѶλඡ
ܺϸų̣ȷʵɵһνӡⲻܹһνʧܵĳ̻϶ˣܻµĳ޼
ôҲĳ̣ȻܺҲӦùĹİɡϯ°ͣһֻ
֮ܺԱǣһ㶼ҵĳ̣˭֪˭ġ
ΪΪʲôġ
һϣΧȺڶǵĻˡ
ȻôҼǵϯ޸ϯԨ⣿ϯϯԨһӻ𣬶ĨϯԨǽһ
òǹİɡ
ϯʵĵҪ˵ϯԨǸԸôܸҸֵĴ̡
㿴Լĸ綼ֵС
ϯԨھ뻨԰ڴԶλվǰߣֻмӰҪǰ߾ƱҪЩ鼤ĳÿ
ע⣬ҲܰϯܺĻ
ܺټϺϯ򣬿ܼ˵ֻ۳ˡǰǰЩǸûƷġô˵Լͷˡ
ϯԨŲæϯԼķ̰ǳźղûϯȭһﲻ֪ƤǷᣬűԼһͨתͷָ˵ԼĻ
ڳûг淢ˣȫϯİ
Ҳôע⵽ˣʱȻûгҿָһ㡣
ϯҵĵϵ˭ã羲䡣
ϣά֪ҪϯԨһЩϣάкЩûг罻ȦֻһҵκվߵĴƳ涼Ȼʧɫգһݡ
ʮǰϣά˹ͼصòѾǱƳ漵ʡ۳ĽĴڣʹʱϣάճ겻ãս֮ɬԶԶ죬ȴò۳ȿֺҪȢƾ
ϣϳϣά͵ͬϳϯԨܿģԽԽĳ巢ϯԨϣά
ϯԨûзԽԽ͵ƳԼĿ⣬ں
һζӣϯԽԽĿŵڡʵҲڣЩ󲿷ֵǰɹٲּʹⲻҲòȥ
ϣάվϯԨԣǶȣܺĿϯԨµģ
ϯԨϣά֡
һμʵϯԨƬкܴͬƬϵϯԨȻЦϵĲͷȴһ۾ܿ
ϣάڼԷǰѾѼйϡ
ڿЩϺϣάóһۡ
ϯԨЩԴ۳ûʲôһһЩαװ۳档Щ۳Ϊи»ӡ
ϯԨЩ£׮׮΢һܲûƢĴ˴дƳ棬ΪϸѴƳУ⻹Ǻݰ伫ˡ
۳棬ˡ
ˣϣάǰûмϯԨӡѵȵס
ϣά֮ǰ뷨
ڼϯԨ֮ϣάʮƶԼĽۣǵϯԨڿ೰ŪĻϯԨӡ
ϯԨšΪ˼ɵӺԼóĽһΨϣάû뵽ģǺԶԶԤ̬֮չ
뵽жԷԼΣϣά֪ôûôƶˣϯԨƺҲûô
˵ϯԨǸ׿۳棬Ͼ鵽Щ϶һʵٵĿܡ
ȻԼҪʱֵ۳棬ôôϣάһ·϶˼⣬ϯԨص̫αװԼơ
뵽ʱϯԨ̤뻨԰
ȻϣάľϯԨǿϷ£Լڽ²˸ϡá
ϣάޱ룺ԼôΪǷݵϯԨԼֳ۳棬ʲôǶԷɲġ
ϯ򣬶ϣάкģӡӦǹȥ
ǱϯܺĻϣάüͷźۼ壬ָ΢
ջʲôû
Լæϯ˵δǼ¡
ϯԨܵܵԹۣԼһʲôʸ֡
ϣά뵽ϯԨǷݱϵһǡر˵˿ϯԨϯأз̵뵽
ʱϯԨͻȻתͷϣά˵ҿ£
ĨɢЦ⣬ȴϣάôԼǵԼûоôǺĿ⣬ϯԨֻԼӺ汻쬵ġ
ϣάȥе˵ֻǺ档
ʲôüǸȤʡ
ϯһֱ㣬ϣά״ָһ㣬ǰǹϯ鷳ġ
ϯԨȻˣûֳֻشϣάǰ⡣
˭˵ҲҺ
ƵĨȥǵЦü۽ǴЩ⡣
ϣάһ˵ûϯǱԼǣģϯԨòԭǴ뿪ϯƫƫŪ鷳Լòȥ
վҲ˼ӣʱóⳡ־ˡϯԨûϾϯĺСӹҼһ
ң⣬ϯʶ˵ţ̽ʲô
ҡϣάһ㶣Ҫ͡
ϯԨȴǸû˵껰תͷ󲽳Ż԰мȥ
԰м䡣
ֶûУǻϡ棬СӶһνʱˡ
ϯԨôҲ˾˵ģûȡһ
ܺ͹ˣôݵûǼǣ
˭֪ǲҵģ˵ѾҵĴˣҪҲֲҹܡ
Ҫϯһȥ̣ҵ˶ӡ
ҲҪܻöһ㳤ҲǸ
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ϯԨһ·߹·ĳڿʶó·Ҳʱ򣬲ſסϯӣȥҪԤƵĸЩ
ղ˵һ
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ϯԨüͷĵ
лҪ˵
˵ʮʮ̫QAQ̫ˣһһ߸£ѻ顾۵һ޳
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27 
ϯԨüͷ, ĵ
⻰˵˭Ĳö˵
ϯûжǱӣüͷšôָָģ仰ҷ
˵
ϯһʱЩ, ֱվԼǰϯԨ, Щ⡢ãЩ߰Ŵԡ
ڷϯԨͷı飬ǾĻϯҲûľҪվ͵һ¶, ǹЩԵϥġ
ϯҪͬŵСҪˤڵϵʱ, һֻʱȥסҲסϯԨǿһġ
ϯԨһ, ϣάˡС屾, ôˤȥ, ²ҪСʬ
ԼͶιһʱС, ٻеģźࡣ
ϯ˳ֻֿȥ, һע⵽ϣά˫ɫ, ʶĵлл, ϣάн
, СЩϣάЩ, ΢΢ͷӦϯ
ϣάչϯ򣬲ҪԼע, ϯԨֱӶϯˡ
ϯǹҲʹǲǡ
Լϯ߼֣ϯԨ̧°͹ĵҪǾĲ, ôղŲֱӺ˵
ϯͷ۾ĳ, Ϥ۾, ٿϯԨһأĺۿ
ϯԨע⵽, ϯܺᷳһˡһºòСӵӴ㣬һŪֱӻصǰ
ҪϯԨ֪ʲôԼͲôˡ
ССͲҪԼ۸Ƹ۸Ժ󲻽󻵳ˣǡд󻵳Ҫʲôأ
ǱߣϯϯԨ˵ϹҲסˡ
ϯԨҪ£
ôҲܹôϯԨǺһЦȴǼʣô˵ء
ҪûǴղŹֻƳҡ硯㳰Ц
ø磬ΪǺûϵϯԨ˵СһۣҪ˵ССû֣ǴĲʵʵĴš
ϯһ˵ѵ˵֣ϯԨ˵Ѳݸô
СС͵͵Լ𣿿ǴƸ˵ССССѽ
ڳ󲿷ֳ嶼Ļ˹ЩСۡ
˵ôĳôû֡
ϯԨºġ
㣬ϯԨǸʲô涼֪
ϯԨ򶨳ţ·Լſڿӣڳʵ
ϯġ
СûȷʵǸ鷳£СССȷʺ뵽СһǰԵĿ಻٣гǣ˵ҲǸ֡
ϯԨȻԼͦȡ츳ģһЩ˵
ϯģô˵ϯǰҵĴ̣ҪҲܰɡ
ϯԨ˵ĺڷ۳棬ⳤܼе񣬵ɱܼˡ
ܼƤûôҲûô
ϯԨҲЦ˵Ҳ֪ǰ
Ҳļ໤ˣϯգҲûá
䣬һŵNɪ
ǣֵܺ˵Ļ
֪ð۵Ĵһֻ첲ļ򣬱Թ˵ԨôߣҺ϶죬ܵˡ
ֺܼƵ˹
鷳ˣôšȻܼں˵ȴܺϣζ
ϯԨܼԼҵģ֪ʵվԼߡ
Ȼˣϯܺ㣬ԼҪǾôŹǣԲԼǴźôá
ϯһϯŤתƻĽ˼ٷֵ㡣
֪Щ죬ĨңǲǹЩһֿ򱻷ŵϯͳ̣۵ҲҸڵϰ
ϯԨ仰ϯһ£Ҳɴ۾
ڽǶ⣬ЩӦֻзϯϣάˡ˵ˣֻ˽ϯԨԼҲϯԨӦˡ
úһ۳棬˵ЩǴƵġ
ССĲûãһʲôǲ㸺𡣡ϯԨɲںԼЩ𺳣Լûо
ܺ㣬Ҹ綼ʲôԼҪ˵ôϯ²öѻ˵ģɣΧ۵ĳԼȥԲ
ϯܻ˵
ҡܺ˵
ʱܼҵһͻȻڣЦЦĿܺ㡣
ʲôʱֶ˸̡Ҳ֪ҪĴƾ֪ˣһ˼
ҵȻȥģ
ܺڿܼʱɫЩˣʱ仰ˢһ±ȴֲòһĨЦݡ
ҼҴƾæģС¾ͲҪˡ
ʱϯΧЩƳ濴ǵĿⶼԾղź˵Ц۳棬ҲԶһ㡣
ϯҧгݵ룬Щ϶˽ϯԨȻҲô׾ͱϯԨü仰ƭˡ
̼䣬ת
ƳУϯԨάֳ۳棬ϯϯȡֵ۳棬һʱ֮С
ʱҪٳһᣬֻҪһЩԵĹھ㹻ˡ
ܺƤҲסһϯŤͷߡʵԼȥܼĻȥԼƾ̸̸
ϯܺ뿪֪ԼϯԨһʱʧܲʲôԼлѳһģڻΪ

ܺϯ뿪˲۳ʹƳ棬԰һ徲˲١
Ȼ԰עҪһ
ϯһڻ԰̾ǵע⣬رǵϯԨһ䡰硱ʱ
ǺϯԨйϵ۳棿ȵȣⲻϯô
ϯԨϯĴڸиǿһЩ
ϯϯǺͬĴƳ̡۳һ棬ڳĳҲͶٴӵܵ
Ĳ˵ϯºͺ˵Ը˵ǳ澡֪ԸȽϺõ۳档
ϯϯԨĵܵܣϯԨӦǱԩİɣƽ׽桢ƿ׵ܵܵϯԨ£ôܻϯֳ棬ٴƳ뵽
˭뵽ʱϯԨϴһģȻϯء
磿ôҲڣ
Ƿʲô𣿡ϯ񻷹һȦЩƵʣôҶ
ʮǽãʢʱüۼ棬ͷɰģ֪öٴƳı
۳£̫ɰˣǿԣԵȸ³
ϯԨûоֻϯݼ̫ֵʱôĴɣҪû͹ˡ
ûϵС̲Ҫ̫ࡣһϯԴϡ
ϯԨúϯڷܵ㲻Ƹߣôܵˡ
̫ͺһϯЦ˽аգ֪ôʹƸ˵Ĳһ
ܼЦеһϯԿǣֱӰϯǹķ˼ͷʶϯġ
ҲˣҿҲûȥˡܼζ˵ȻǴƸҲǣ͸żˡ
áеءϯúë𣬺󱳷
ƸͿֲܼϯȨһ󣬾ѡߣתС˵ܼ˵öԣǻȥƸûС
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ϯԨһԾ罻Ȧյ΢ЦĴƳ棬ʱ˱ᡣһµģ⣬ȫˡ
ϯԨüġɱ֪
ѵνʹħԸôĵҲڳ壬Ҫǻ࣬Աò̬ȣעһӶȢš
ʣˣǶ߹ˡ
˵˸ķһ£Ԩղûÿĸ첲รΪʲô
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ôϯԨƤһ£ֱҪ˵ʲô̫Ļˡ
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ҪȢϣά˵һˣʮҶøǡ
ϣάȰߵһŸƯ˵ţ״Сĺҧ䡣
ϯԨһԴǿյĻˮôľ룬ѹôϣάˡ
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28 
ܼĻϣά, ʹǵһμЩ̲ס̾
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⻰, ȻϯԨҲò۵, һ䡮졯ѿڶҿʱǰԣǿסԼαװûе衣
ں, ŷǿԼĿе㲻, æĿ˵ǡҵ˼ԺҲҪҸôƯĴ̡
ֱԽԽڣϯԨ䵭ĴĻ
аɡ䵭
ĵɴ۾, ǵһʶһ, ָϣάܼ˵˵ǻУ
ܼܲеϢ
ʲô£ôû̽档ϯԨ
, ǣһû, ϯܺʲô
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ԭ, ϯԨƢ˲ٰܼЦһһ˫۾ע
ǰɲ˭Ļ, ţϯĸµĻҲ
ܼĻ΢, ȴǲм˵ʱŹˡ
Լǰ̫, ܼ, ϯƵҲʲô⡣
һ, ˳ۺܾáܼĻеʧˡ
ϯԨǸϯԨ
ȻҪ˵仯ҲеģܼĿǰϯԨûǰô嶯࣬ѧüڸԼʵ
ԱϯԨǰǲ֪ͨǳҲüֵ鷳ڵϯԨѧһ㣬ҲĳԵѵˡ
һ¡
ܼ뵽˸ղϯԨϯ̬ȣ΢΢кϷˡ
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ܼ˼ʱѾʼੲݵ˵˻
Ī˹£˵Ҫúллڻһջ
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ٲ취ס죬˵һϡ
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ԼѾ˵Ľڶһˣپܾһܳ졣
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ϣάٺÿҲԼż׼ǲһûϢġ
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ܼһ㶼ȡ
ϯԨԸƢҪЩ׷ϣάܵ۳һܼҪû˵ˡ
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ϯԨע£ϣά΢΢һһ޿޵
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ϣάһϯԨû˵˼ת뿪
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ߵɴ࣬Ԩа
һֻﻹһֻϯԨȴǿϯ
ҲʱȥĻı˼ڵĻͬʱҲıֱӻȥľ
ϣά˹ͼнǨľƣ۳̬ȾͲһ㰡ЦսʧھϽˡ
ܼĻ֮ԱǣϽǳսʤҲͲᱻ˹ͼؼˡ
Ҳǣ˵ҼǵðԨԭҪҲϣάɣҲ˹ͼؼҵģ
ϯԨ뵽ղϯлʱ˵ġϣάнܼĻзƺ飿ǰ֪֪
ϯԨ˼ţǶ֪
ЦȻˣһ֪϶Ǵȥġ
ڵİŶ
ôǲڣҲᵽ˵ġ
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ϯԨͷʹ£֪ߡţȻǲܷŹġ
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ϯûκ飬ĬĬӦһ
ϯԨ֮ڡ
ϯʶʱ񲻸Լ鷳⣬Լڵ˶Է

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ܼζ˵ͦõģ̫ˡ
ǵڴʲôգôءüͷ˵ذԨĴƸʲô¡
ϯԨԼҲЩطûŪٸ㡣
ðɡ졣
ʱʻ
лҪ˵
첹ʣ50%ʩɣ6KϲҪ賿_(:١)_˯ٿɡ



29 
ϯԨ뿪ϯׯ԰󲻾á
ׯ԰, ϯĵ鷿С
ϯ뵽ղϯԨ۸۸ʲôû˵ˣʣ۸, ˵лҪͰԨ˵
ʵȵ, ѾܲˣȻ߾߰ɡϯ¶ЩЦ⣬˵ʣµ, ֮Ҳԡ
ϯǱ, 費ҪҹȥкϯԵͷֵǽ, ǰԨϯ, ϯǱߴŻ᲻̫ˡ
ù, ϯԸֲʲô
ԨǱߵĻ, 㿴ϯζûֵã֪ԨԿġ
ϯ, Լǰϯ, ˵ϴμ, ԨҪܶ, ʱԺ硣
Ҫٺǰһ, ֱǳƢ
۸˵ĵףҡҪҲϯһùܽ, ǾͺˡϯԿЦá
ϯ̾ⶼǰ軵ˡ
ҲϾԨӣƢ, Ҳܲˡ
ϯǹЦ, ɣҿϯͱ̵ĺܺ, ͰԨһһ¡
ϯȷʵ
۸ô˵, Ͽɡ塯ˣϯԵûа𾴿ԡ
Ϊϯĵĳӣӣڰĳϯʵôϡ
װģϯȰӵϯԨǴҪΪ۸ǰĿ󣬷ԸԼԼùעϯԨ
ԣϯЦЦûлش
ϯ֪۸ش˵԰ֵЩ󣬰Ԩ׿˵ϯĺҪϯǲЩáܼǱܺƺ
ϯׯ԰﷢£Ȳ֪ºҲϸı档
԰־磬ϯĴʱѾ֪ˡ
鲻ùܣһԺ˵
ԣԨͶһȽæµû飬ҲͷЩ֮Ҳ°Ÿҿ黹ǽֻȥæµ
ϯԵȻֵܾĻᣬ۸ģһ鰲׵ġ
Ǿͺá
鷿̸ڼֻ쵽ط
һߡ
ϯؼҺԽԽɴܺ˸绰
ˡ
ϯԹ˵ǸϯԨôûӡ
ڰеͷͶһĻѶһܺ㡣
ܺĻҲЩ߷߲ƽ˵Ҳѵһ٣ҸʱȥϯԨǸ
ֵǣܼвң
ǰ̫ˡϯ˵ţȴǷ˸ۣ˭Ǹƾȱͷֱ۳档
ܺȻֵܼܣȴر𡣰˵ϯżϣ˭Ȣ˸ôƾء
һҪϯԨһѵϯ˵ţܺҲڸӣԷˮ
ϯ̲ϯԨܼٳɵôôûӡñӣҪ˵Ǿһģɴ취һѵѵǡ
´λҲôŵĺǺ
ðɣܼô˵ҲҲӣҪǳʲô¡ܺԥˡ
ʲôֻ˵û˵ҪŪ
ңͲץסİѱôϯջ˵ʱͲвˡ
˵ܼ뷨ˣôϯ仰ܺĶ
ϯԨᣬܼᡣ⼸źܼһϯԨôСѹԼΪֵܼùֱŻᷢ¡
һ֪ô죿
ģһĸɸɾϯһš
ܺʣʲôʱ֣ҪҪôǣ
ʱ䲻ǻʱ䣬ôҲҪ롣
ܼϯԨǸʵĻܿͻֵġϯһһ˵
û⡣ܺһڴӦ
ϯڽͨûס˵һ䣺ǰ׳ա
þ㹻ˡ
ԼôܱϯԨһ뵽ԷϣάԼǰҫӣϯһ
ĳ޸Լ࿴ᡢжԵõܣǺǣܽ׮ȻǶ̧ͷϯ롣

ʮӺϯԨڵĵط
΢ҹưɡ
ŸߵƵġһﾢ˱ȫϯԨһ̤ͱ̨ʵƹ˸Ρ
ǰ鷢΢ڵסЩߺ󣬸ߵһ
ллûֱӴԼȥ̨
ȻǿȴҰą́Ŀ
ôǲǺܲûƭɡ̨ڳƳָָ㣬˵ϣ΢ҹû졣
ܴϯԨռһλá
һ㡣ϯԨۿ̨ϻױݵĳ棬Įĵ³֡
ױ̫پΣϣάʶĽ߱ȽóĽϣάʤһ
췢ϲ
˵˾׷/أͳϯԨ뷨ûˡ
ࣺҷְԨ۹ԽԽˡ
ϣάǻУһ㡣˵ʶôãûرϲĴƳ棿ǴƶûС
㾿ϲʲôģ
˵ֽһǺʲô
δ껹ʲôȹ֭ɡܼЦ˵꣬Է糺֮ۡ
õģλԵȡǸʵĴƳ棬ʱ̬ȶ̲סϼ֡
ûһǵƷˡ
ޱԼĹ֭ڣ˵ɶ㲻ǱǴ󼸸ôһҲˡ
Ө͸ˮ糺ɫҺ壬ԽĵλɫԽŨէһֻ۾
ܼǾ͵˵
ϵ峺׵ıӣЩȻԨô˰׿ˮ
ȡ
ϯԨڷһ䣬󵥵ֱʣҵ£ġ
ʱ˵жϳ֪ǰϣά⡯µĳӦò࣬ٻû澡֪ĵز
µ˵ҪǸǴ˭ģ᲻ȥ鷳
֪µĳô
̫ܲ࣬ǶӦҲ١
ԼԤϵĶ࣬ϯԨ˼ţϹʡ
֪١
Ŷ֪ɡЩģ군ˣ֪ͲܰԨˡ
˵һģҪ֪֪ٵģ
˵вУ͵Ҵ֪
˵ءϯԨôܷҪֵ鱨
ҿ˵˰ɡܼԱ߿Ϸȵ˵ϯԨ֪֪⻻ֳ˶Ц
ҹЩ飬³涼
ô
ϯԨ򴽣ɴĻش𣺡ôܡ
ӲܼȡЦ
ҾͲ֪ͻȻǰԭŶҲп֪һ룿
첲Ҵһ°
ô֪Ԩ֪
һ±ŲڼˣǶ֪£ȥ֪ų󲮸߹
ϯԨüͷûС
Ժȴ뵽ϯĴԼȥ˹˹ͼʱһݣƺϣάйϵᵽԼľȼ˵ϣάʺǰĴƾȴʺˡ
ǰһйô
˵˵Ϊά¾ܾ޸㣬Żϣά
УϯԨ½µȥƴ˳
ϯҺ˹ͼؼϯѡǡϯԨ˹ͼؼѡİά¡ôҲֲϣάǰά¾ܾˡϯԨáϯԨЦ
ڶ˹Ĵƾûӿ£ϣάƳͳˡϯԨ
ϯԨǰάԼôϽһݲ簢άµĴƳƾ˹ͼؼ˹˹ͼؾˡ
һˮɣϣάˡϯԨδ̡
ʱ䱾ǲǰġ
ڡϯԨϣάǰս״£˫ҲǿҪϣάлԼ˵ϯԨ껹Щʱ䡣
ڰǰϣάǰһΪҪսۣһ˲ˡԭ˫SSľֱӵ䵽A˵ұ϶ĿܻûС
AĴƳ棬˵һץһѡнȻ鷳Ҫе油ĳ档£ϣάϵļֵֻʣϯҶĻԼ
ϯԨǣЩ˵ķ̡
ѹϯĻô˵ճļֵۣA۳ֵøõĴƳƾ
˫SSڵϻû⣬䵽AҲ൱ڳ壬Ȼֻʣ»ؼҼ޳棬۳һã
ܼǳսۺҪӮӦþϽ𡣡
ϽĻһ仰ܽĻԼ
Ҳ˵áܼ٩
粻ҪϯԨԭֻΪϣάǱ뵽滹ôơ
ϯԨһ˵ֻóȽ߹뻹֡ɱ˲ͷأϣάţ񶼱ڵϼ̤ϡ顣
ʱ̨ϵĴƳ˵˵ȥ̨ڨһô
ܼô
ϯԨˣȥˡ
ĻУֻˡ顯ĸ֡
УԨ㲻ȥڨһ
ԼȥΪ
Ҳ
ܼ
ңԺԼˡܼ̯֡

ǿҪ£ϯԨ˺̨
Ϊʲôں̨ȣʾǽǮȨƵ
ֻ̨Ӱߵĺ췢ƳЦģŴĺɫʻӭȥ
ˣãҽ
ҵϯԨǺϲ㳪ĸ裬ҹ𣿡
Ϻǳ˳˵ˣҲ
ϯԨһԲޱĿԼ롣е㲻Ծ
***
˹ͼؼׯ԰
˿̣ϣάǸոյҡ
˹Ҫ໨ʱϯԨ顣
Ĭȫ̽ܵӣ۸ı֡
ˣʱҲˣάȥϢɡ˹Ҳȷϣάıֺ⣬û˵ʲôͺطˡ
ֻʣͰά¡
ϣάϲ㣬ûء
Ŷԡάµĳſھֹǲϲ㣬Ǻ㡣
ƽʱϣάֻά˵䣬ǽûӦάµ顣
һ䡰ϢˡϣάҲά£ֱӻ˷䡣
󣬰άܻһ
ʲôΪԼнô

ϣάغţδóһöʽصԲιԣ˳ʮλĸ󣬳ɹԽ档
ֻһõҵʶɫϵϣάһַ
ԼõйϢͳȥ
һǰٰϱֻƳ洳룬òǰֹ
ʲôûˣΨһֻΪʮŵƣǱͰȻĪס鱨ĻܹȳΪһš󡭡ʧˡ
Ϊ뿪˻ץ˻ȥ
ϣάһֱڲϣ췽йƷϣԼζ鲻͡һšйص
һ£ʧ
Ҫʱ򣬾ȻΪϯԨõ
棬Ծþûκνչ˵ǸϢ
ڷϢϣά
ԹرյͬʱеʹúۼԶյһ緽ʽֻõĴ̫࣬ͻұƽĸʡ
Ϊ漰ϣάҲ˲̫ࡣ鵽ϣʹһ֣ںϯԨйϵ۳ϣʵǷĲ¡
ˡ
ֱߵͨʽϣάһۣµ绰
룬
ԼϯҽģʱǶ˵Ҳͨĺ˼䣬ϣάҲЩΪʲôͻȻϵԼ

΢ҹưɡ
̨Ϣҡ
ڰֻ۳˺˿ž׼жױ
⻹öǸ𷢴ߵ۳棬ȻԼûôǸ۳뿪ϸղӰΪ𶯶ͣ
ϵĹԷƵʣרŸԼҶӳõƵʡ
ɺһͷһ
ϲҵ˲жһױæ㿪鿴
ڿϢݺ¶ϲı顣
ӳҵˣһֻ۳棿ʮָɣݶӳṩ֪Ϣֱӿʼֻ۳ϡ
ôһ飬Ͼʱ䡣
ֱһ绰žȥСʱˡ
ûУҵſˡ
Ͼͳˣһ¡
˵˶ٴˣڽϣдˡѹ˵ţжϵĲױ𱳰˳ȥ
΢ҹư⡣
ɫ˽ͣڳλϣϴ򿪳ȥ˵
򣬻ؾݵ㣬ҸյһϢ
ʲôϢ
Ϣˡ
̫ˣҾ֪µģ

Ϣĸ߼ϡ
ɫѵܼܵϯԨȥ̨ϵĴƳڨҪֻƳϳʱȰߡ
ڣؼҵ·ϣµ
Ҿϲҡ
š
ȻȷŵʱòƸȱ
ȻôϵʽأԨ˵ԼԷô
ϯԨһ䡮ôֻƳ˶û˼ĺԼᱻַĳ仰
ԡ
ԡ
ϯԨܲµĵʹֻƳı϶ᱻֻܾԼŻĻϲľûɹ

ʮӺ
ҵˡ
ȥ·Сģ·ɵЦˡϯԨ³ʱûסһ䡣
š
ĲɵӦתؼҡ
ˣԼȻû취۳Ի·еһ⡣


30 
ϯԨ, ھĵġ
ƺɨһ۲ȻһҶ֭
ϯԨ¥, , һǳɡʮͲαװԼںȵˡ
˯ǰĿһԼľ
һϴ̼ǿЧ׿Ȼ, Լпƿصľࡣ
ϯԨԤ, ԼEԶˡ
Ҳһʱ򣬾ܹͻơ̫, ʺ
Ŀ˯ȥ, һҹߡ
ڶ졣

ϯԨһ, ڷ
ģʽĹϢ, ûκεע
ûпֻùԲϢ, ĿǰҲֻǰֻܼ۳ɵȺҡ
һ쵽г淢, ֻͳֻֻ, ȴӲĳٳЧ
ϯԨעЩ, 淢ֶЩԺݺ, ûʵʱעˡ
ֻ˯ǰŻ·ĵ¼
һ, ֪Լûдصݡ
ͨûеģֻڳԺŮƱġֵ۳һҲֻǴƽѻƳδ۳һĻ߰ԡ
ѾܼƵ, ͳ̽ʾĽ, Ϊøⲻͬ, ϯԨû˵ʲô
¥ݹսǴ
ϯվ˺ܾˡ
ЩҪҪȥϯԨ, ϯԨ϶ϯ˵Ļǲġ
ǰǸϯԨϯԲῼ⡣
һϯԨı仯ЩϣҲϯԨ˵أΪССҪһԡ
룬ϯ¶˾ġ
ˣϯԨԼҲˡ
ϯҪǰʱһֻСץס½ǡ
ƸССס
ôˣϯͷ
ʹƸһ𡣡
ССȻСҲʲôܴƸҪȥԼҪŴƸһ
ԣƸҪҪССڷһòáϯС̡
ССЩԥʣԴССһ𣿡
ССġ
ϯСԴܿͻССһƸɡ
ǡðɡ
ϯĹæ¸ţϡŻССʱҲϯԨ
ϯԨ˲٣ϯԨǰϯµӡ̫ˡϯʼյĻᷢʲô⣬ƴļӰ࣬Ҫ׬㹻Ǳҿ㳥ǱǷծ

׬ǱңҶȻ㡣ϯ˵ţϰµġ
ϯԨͷҲ̧
ϯһµģʵ֪ϯΪ˻ǮԼһֱڼӰࡣ
ֻ˵ǰԴ棬ϯҲµʼյţҪ컹ǷԼǱҡ
ϯԨϯ򻹲Ǯû̫뷨
ϯ뻹ЩǱңǲܵġ
ϯԨ׼עŻʱע⵽˵껰ϯһֱû뿪졣
ƽϯԼǶжԶԶԲ᲻ʶûʱԼǰ
ϯԨţ̧ͷͼϯ׳ʿģлҪ˵
˵ϯɿ³һ仰ЩŵĿܾһ
м㡣
ϯԨԼ˲٣ȻϯҲҶԼʡ
˼ţܿͷϯ⡣
ϯ򲻹һվԼǰģֻС
˵ϯԨվԼǰϯһᡣ
ǹССϯ˵Ļôϯһ߶ʮһֱ˵˳ȻϯԨҪĻش
Լ¶ˣȻϯԨһɾ͸жûС
㲻˵ˣ˵һҪ㣬캦ôϯԨüͷһҪʦļơ
СûϢ˵˾ǺڻֳϱָϯѵûϯԨǸʲôŭӦ
ϯ֪ϯԨ룬˵Ļֻһ
ôһС¶áϯԨ˵ţˡ
˭ʱԼ绰һۣϯġ
ƵͨѶӳɹϯĵӳĻС
ΪǶ⣬ϯǿϯģֻܿɳϵϯԨ
ΪϯģĵԨԹ緹ô
Թˣʲô¡ڻشһ䡣
Щ˺˵ǹ¡
ϱϯĴżʱ̸ʱ˵ϯû˵
ʲô¡
׼ϣάĳϽжʽ
ϯԨ֪ǲܸıģҪֳӣǲ̫żˡ
żЩż
ģʽľ尲һð԰æ̫æġ
ŶȤȱȱӦһ
ͺúõĺϣά飬пյ˹ͼؼȥһˡϯĶţ˵ĶһЩйصݡ
֪ˡ
ϯԨţĵⶩҲֻǶѣû֮ǰͻת
˵Լûϣάʲô飬˵ϣάаϣάԼҲʲôȤ

ˣǷСս߳Աǡ
ţˣǵȷҲҸʱϣά͸סǸôڻҪһ룬۳ԴƳ㿹ܣҲܿܵ˻ûȤ
ܾĻֱԼᣬǰΪʲôǸ䵭
ʵڲУʵڲиɴ˵Լкˣɫ۹⿴ǡϯԨ
Լ뿪壬ָݣû˻֪һκʷ
ϯԨð뷨󶼱ԼһһԽ
⣬ֱϯĻݺŻع
ϯ򣿡ü
ϯġšһ˵ϯ֮飬Զ˵ˡ
ϯĳȷʵܷŲܣȻô˵ˣͰ˵ɡ
ʲôϵԣġ
ϯԨûϯ仰ʱһ˲۾ڷԼȥ϶Ĳ
˵㡣
ûʲôӰ죬ϯģԼ͸մˡ
ϯĶ֪ôԼʱû¶ʲô
㶼˵ˣôôɡ
Ӧˣϯ𾪡
ϯһ֪ûģӦҲ͵ͷû˵ʲô֮ԼӦģʲôҲԼϡ
ˣǾ˵
ʲôʲô£֮ðϵ㡣
ϯ˵꣬ͨ
ˡϯ
šϯͷ
ܸôԼҪҡ
ϯ⻰ûһ㾪ȣϯԨЩʲôܣҲϵĽˡ
о仰ϯܲ˵
ݵǼǵϺͳҿССļ໤棬ԱҪǩֲſԡϯϣǿ
ȨһֱϯԨϣܵԶϯ
ǩ˷Ѳ˶ʱ䣬ϯԨû˼̫þ˾
һ棬ȻѾӦϯģҲĬ顣
֪ˡƮƮĵ
仰ϯУϯ˵һ޴ľϲ
֪Ӧϯٸн֮¾ЩӯԼûʶԼ˵ʲô
лл
ϯܿͷӦԼ˵ʲôȻЩ֪롣
ȫû뵽ϯԼлϯԨһ٣·δ顣
˵ˣ˵˾ͱﰭۡ
ϯԨûϯæ˵ţߡ
ɳϡ
ϯԨ飬һֱûзҳ
Щ̾˿ĴƳ涼Ǳ𣿻ֻϯô
ȻڡϯԨԼԼƺҲûʲôֵϯл¡
Ӧ˵Щ²ܵǰЩ£ϯԨԼֵáҲӦá
Ϊ֪ϯУԼǡϯԨллϯԨЩпǧ
ƸôҲѹСӿŲˡ
¥ݹսǴ
ССһֱſڵȴƸ
ϯ򿴵ССһ̣̲סףѹֲסϲ֮顣
ССˡ
Ժͽϯģòá
ȻֻϯԨһ˵ģԭϯ򲢲ȡһ
òϯԨŴӦССǼϢһԼȥʣô졣
ԣͽ֡
ʵϯһССϣϣϯԨܿССȡķϣҪСС
һϯȻûϯԨССദɴССĻϯԨ̬ȱЩһˣֱ۵ľССûк֮ǰһôϯԨ
ССűɫ˫ۣЩ¶ĿŴƸ
Ȼ֪ƸΪʲôôˣǴƸԼ͸ˡôţССһЦݣֻرŴƸ
ð
ûпѹ͵ͯϯԨУ˹
СлӣûиʲôӰ
ϯԨ۸¶ѸˣȻ۳Ҳһ
ܺ۸ϯС̵ʱһӦֹڶͷǽѵܺ㡣
̫ˣܶʱҲû취ȫֿ
ϯԨ֪Ҳ۲ͬµġ
˵确ϯԨԼˣôԼ˵ܺŵ͡ޡˡ
ҡҡͷ顣

۳֮ҡȺڵϢˢš
һƬ𽥵ĿʼΧϯԨ
춼˯ǰſϢϯԨʱ򻹲֪Լ˱۵Ķ
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[ܼԼˣ]
[ѾӦҳԷˡ]
[ܼȥǻϲӣòǿǮɣưפһ֪]
ܼ⻰˵ĺܲ󷭸ۻش
[ҵǮҲУٱЩӵĴƳǴƺá]
[˵ŵɣͻ·һ˯档]
[̽Ӧٴһ㣬˵ԺдƳ/ǴƱźס]
[ܼ_һôСģǵĵԼɣ]
[ܼҺʹ֮䶼ԸԲܣ]
[ʱˣҪȥ\\(^o^)/~]
[ݰ~~]
[̽ϣ]
[ܼ΢ҹפģû]
[̽ôˣһֻδ۳棬ǴƳʲô⣿]
۳ʹƳ֮ûоԵ꣬δꣿǲǸЦôƳ۳潻ͼǾǵӣδУĸƳԸδ۳Ϸ
[ܼԸѵҲá]
׶ߵĽ
˫Ӵöת
ӡ
ôϾԼȥĴƳ涼Ű
ҲʳζܲҾԼ˵۳濴ЩܶƳ涼ͦһףŬֵʿ
ֻޣôǵܵٸӡ
ÿԼͺáϿֻԼ°͵۳棬üͷ鶯һ¡
ΪԼˡ
ϵҧһҪúллԼ
յӳϢһϵʱܲ鵽ġй϶鵽һ顣
ǲ鵽˺ź󣬾˳ϵĽĽȦ˸顣
ⲻô
ԭŸôӽ棬ȦƬ￴һźաȻڨֻ۳棬ֱǳڰǡ
ݣҪӽǺܲ׵ģصǻ澯衣
£ϵݽӽʵġ
Ҳ֪˵еѣֻܶ䷢˵һ֪ˣ񻻸ݣ֤ᱻǷֵϸ
òЦ£һܺڵǰߣǵġ
ȶӳһҪС档
ûʲôԣº󽫲˵ݹȥȿ˵ǰȳһЩǰˡ
ˣƷҲϲô
һ˵ţһ߳°ͶϿĳԼϲϡ
һͷĺɫЩвУڲ֣Ȼܵġ
ԼȻ¶һԵǧƳЦ
Цһϲ
һԼҪΪء
Ƕһֻδ۳ôֻҪ񣬾ԼҲˣǱ˰ɡ


ϯԨ
ûкһǻ˷¶̨ϡ
˿˿Ƶľ뿪ʼߣʱţԽԽҲԽԽ졣
ʱ䣬˳µĿǸһµĿ
רż⾫ͻᷢϯԨϻƵľǿͣʹֵֻEȴǧٰѺ۵ģ
FE
ϯԨ֣ȻȻסֱۡ䣬˳Ʋָϡ
𨣬ǵ㡣
ѡ¶̨ϣΪͻʱõĸ
ţ۽ɢȥ
лҪ˵
QAQ߲ӸǱи¶еѣÿ춼ͷͺqwq
ȥǧǳǷģÿ컹3k6wҲҪ20졾ƽ״
Ȼ3kȽϿ֣ŬǷͿԿֺٺڼӸģÿһ㣬ҲԶӸ



31 
ڿռ֮, ˶ý顣
ɫľԼٶȣ͸ǲʵ֮䡢赲Լ֪ϡ
һ硯˾֪УǸһɫƯζŵĹɵġ
ҪϯԨʲô, Щ̿ʼ, ϵܹ֪Ĺ㡣
ھ̰֪£һһıȡȻ£ЩŹ̶·, ߹һѭ뾫ռС
һ, Ѩ֮УԽ͡
ռ, ǳɫۺɢ, γһƬϿաĲתת, Щһơ
ȡĹ̺ܿ, ϯԨϰˡ
ƾϵļȡȻظǰ̡
EܹеļһСʱ, ϯԨ˵ʱ̫, ֻܲѹեԼľ, þܵĶ༳ȡ, ԴԼʵһЩָ
һСʱ
ͣ, Ӿռеı仯
ЩήҲľ˳ˮУǰȺħȫһ
ʱмڳر, һƣӡ
ˮƮһƬơ
ƵмҲɫΪŨĵطеΧתƵÿһεתǣһ̻һֱƬʵ, ֱ۳һŽɫǳΪֹ
̫ˡ
ϯԨɢ, Ļûһʵ, ֻɫҪΧЩһЩ
򲻴
ϯԨԤһ, ԼҪ۵һǳٻҪһµʱ䡣
ٶƺʵѾܿˣ˶ܹE۵һǳ
ȵһǳ۳ɹͱʾԼɹǳһףʱ㿪С
ǿٶȻ죬ʱоָտɴ
EDٵA֮ԼͿָȥʵ
뵽ϯԨɳվһ壬תطĽŲ졣
ǹǳǳĻȣһ֪鲻
ĻܳϺü졣
˯ǰ
ϯԨԿδϢ
ϢʲôҪݣֻǼ꺮ůϢͻյ
˽ģ㿪ǰΨһһҡ
ϯԨȺļ¼ٶȺܿ죬һͽ¼㡣
ӳһƬ͵ĵĽǶȡ
Ƭϣά
ǶȿȥֻϯԨ֪ϣά߻ϯ
ʲôʱĵģ˼عȫ̵ľٶ
Ӧʱϣά˵ʱ
ʱǰŪһ¹ԣʱû뵽͵ġ
վڵߵĽǶȿϯԨò˵͵ļʮֲȥԼߣְܺܿн۷塣
ɵ˫ŵǸܺá
ʱµϢ
[Լᡣ]
ͼһſ̻Ƭ
ϯԨֻƳӦ㣬Щ˼顣
ʱûȴǿǴƳûȤȻҲỰﻰǿߵ˼
ϯԾҪ˵ϲҲδжϲֻƳ档
һʱȤȶȵĿԸ
ϯԨǵĸûȤֻŴֻƳı⡣Ҳܼ˵ģǿǮݵλ
[̽طģеİ]
[εֳ֮ոտҵ]
[̽һƱ̫ȥε֮𣿣ԤԼ˼ζûԤԼϡ]
[̽ԼС΢ȥġ]
[Ŷװ۳СܵܣΪʲôء]
[ҼзͶʣԿڲ򣬻аӴ]
[ܼš]
ܼͻȻð̽Ҳʾ
[̽ҲҪ]
ϯԨ׼ص촰ڣͷԼˡ
[@ϯԨ ԨҪͦʺԼģVVVIPƱɡ]
[ʱȥŶ~~~]
ϯԨûľܾеĹԾͷһ
˽Ĵ˽ŵƱ˸ٺ١ı顣
[ϯԨ˯ˡ]
[̽ƫģϴż˯ˣ]
ϯԨڷϢˣȻûĻظ
ྫ˯ܹþԴõֵϢͻָ

էƣس
ϯԨСڵĵ·ܡ
һǰˬ¶УڳȴѾܸоԵˡ
صҡ
ԹͣϯԨû顣
Ȿй۳ھƷݣд󲿷ݶΧš۳ȷʹþƳ桯չ˵һ䣬ҵ鼮
δ۳ܹĶİ汾ϻرע
ϯԨƲ⣬ⱾӦûнװ档
δ꣬۳˵ıֻͬǴƳڻеһν
ⱾϿԵ֪۳ڳøӵ˳ƿأҸܹڴϸοƳ桭ͼĲï¿۳濴ס
ϯԨ䵭治ɫĵһҳ
δ꿴飬жٲгݡ
̶ֳֻȵĻѾȫԼӰˣϾԼֲʲôδꡣ
ٴ̼ĶϼˣСһ/ֱϯԨη塣
ʱϯԨע⵽СŽŲԼߡ
û뿴Сʲô
ţСץסԼߵңģΪԼûз֡
СתҪ뿪ʱϯԨȻ뵽һ¡
סС̵죬Сһֱ
ССԣһ˵ͷԼ˫գ
ҶϯԨصͶӰĵ飬ӲС̷ŵϥϡ
СС£Ҷ
ϯԨС̵󣬽̽С̵һεļûʲôͬƬɢҵĵǣſƾסһƬ
һȼľFʱҪǿ࣬˺С̵ǰ£ƬƬɢԭӡ
ССģҲ֪ϯԨʲô
ڷԼȫССС̧ͷϯԨǲ̫ҺϯԨ˵Ҳûǰôˡ
Ƭ̺ϯԨջؾ
һ˵С̣ûС̺ܾû˵ʲô
鲻ԸߴƸϯԨһС̵ա
ʲôԸߴƸС̴ķʡ
ԣˡ
ȥɡ
Сԥһ£ץס½󣺡Ƹ˵ˡ
Сϯġ
ţˣԼȡġ
ϯԨԣ
Ƹ˵ȡģǲ֪ĸ֡
дҿ𡣡С̿ڴͽš
֣ͲԺ۸ˣ㲻ѹôϯԨһַС̣ССĴԼϥˤȥ
ѹϲʹƸһաСգ۾̹Ȼģûаαװα
۸ССϲ
ʲôϯԨ˼
۸ƸССС˵ţЩζ
ЩҲ
֪ʵǲҲҡ
ϯԨûеĻشǰС̱Щᣬԥҡҡͷ
ڵġ
̣ϯԨҲݼ֣仹ֻ̡ͦ
ϱǹ¶ûˡ
֮Ϊæѵս̸ʱ䶼ûУȻһ
û뵽Ժ󣬵Ƕ˸Сһ㲻ԼϯԨͦгɾ͸еġ
С̿˺һűһ仰û塣
ϲ˾ˡСС˵Щ£ʶı۾
ϲԼϯԨȻ
Цһ˵Ǻú塣
СССٶҲкܶ಻׵ĵط
ֱӵģССϯһϯԨı仯ССûĽ޲ʮϯԨһ֣ȥϯԨʮֵĲá
žϻ˵ģСӲǳ
û£СС۾ͼϯԨЦſԼ
㡢㲻ǰ㲻ϲҽо˾˵ġǿûС̲סһĨί
֪ˣϯԨָҪС̵Ķͷ
ССŵҪۣȴͻȻֶͷµᣬЩɻĵɴ۾
ۡ
ôϯԨǵС̰ʹӡ
ǰЩʲôûϸ뷨Щһ˶۵Ϊ
ԺôаɡСһͦɰģԼڳܻžͻЩɣһֻСҲѲ˶
ССȫû뵽ô˵㶵Щɵ
Ŀ𣿡
ţǲƸ֪ϯԨ
ܡ
ܡС̵СĴָ˻˵˵ȥĻҾͰ۸ߡ
СԼɣϯԨԼСʱڹ¶Ժľ
СԣһסԼҡͷ˵˵СС˵ģҪ۸Ҫ۸
ţ뿴ʲôϯԨղŵɳϵң
ƺΪղһ̸С̵Ӵ˲٣ʱ˵ſЩ
ҪģëС硣
һ򶯻Ƭ½ֻƳ̱һֻ۳̵Ĺ£м䴩յԡ۳պ֮·
ϯԨô֪ģôЩ죬Ҳע⵽С׷Ķʲô
ôССҲ֪׷۳ܣϯԨԣǵԡ
ƵϵСԼȥ
õģ˾ˡССЩزסġ
˾˾;˾˰ɣ˭ԼӦġ
ϯԨһѳ̵ͷ̻лŸɰ˳ۡ
Ҳ֪ԼԺ󣬹¶ԺСһǻ᲻Լ
ϯԨڹ¶ԺľӪģŵʱǩ˲ƲЭ顣ˣеĲƲĹ¶Ժ
ʱŷɿ죬ܿľ͵硣
Թ緹ϯԨصѾһҳĵ顣
Ȼ꣬Ŀ鼮һԼȤǮ㿪
һǽչʷ飬Ա߻һϵеƼ
ϯԨżȿⱾȥġ
һ˵Ը߿ƼȤǼٵġ
ǰûעΪ鲻գڲһˣָĺܲԼҲʱתһעˡ
˳ĿƼ֪ʶ
ȼԶͿƼƷֻڵĿƻƷ֮СΨһźǣԼǿѧңо͵֪ʶԼ˵á
Ӧ͵֪ʶû⣬ر֪̫ǽ
ǽڵҪƵڳƺûбֹΪЩ֪ʶԳ˵ʱˣֻǳԴ˲ں
һרҵ´ҵߵ۹ϯԨҵĵһǳ塣
ǸǿʵֻܿδɸѡϢҲܿսйصݡڳеս
˵֧ʮ꣬궼Ųס
˫ڿƼϵĲѾĺͺ蹵һͳдƳڸϵĲࡣ

ϯԨʵĹһһ죬޵ʱͶ뵽޵֪ʶС
յӹˣǻôһµʱϯϵ
⼸춼ʲôϯԵĿס
ʲôҪ㱨⼸쿴顢ϯԨʡ
ôǰģɴͲ˵ˡ
ϯԶĻشãЩûϯԨķ£ѾԼĺúܶˡ
ϯԨһҸ㣬ϯ԰ͲϯԨʵʵڼ
Ϊ˳¡ϯԿżɽ
ҪıѾˡ
ǱûҪĳ棬еĻҰ͹ȥԼдͳȥ
ϯԨ뵽ܼǼֻ棬Լʶǲ˵ȥ
üŹɡ
áϯԵͷˮ˵⣬۸һ䡣
ʲô
ϣάüΣ㲻Ǿܾ
ϯԨĬˣ֪£ҵϵʽǸģ
Ӧ۸ġϯ԰Ƶһɶɲ뱻ϯԨǺϡ
񼴶磬ϯҪͶ˹˹ͼش򽻵ⱻҪϯԨϵʽϯԲܾܾȻֻܸˡ
У˹˵һֱûŰݷùϯתƻ⡣
۸˼ҸʱȥһΣǵЩҪʧ
۳ΪһصŰݷã·ĸʺܵ͡Ҫ£˹ͼؼҪӣҲҪϯԨŰݷá
ϯϯԨ淴ԵĽ˵һ¡
ŵʱעһ̬ȣôҪȥ
ϯԨ֪Ƕ㲻ˣͷӦ£ʣô
⼸ξܾϣά룬ϣάӦѾԼ̬ȡҲȷǸúϣά̸һ£ʱ׼ʱ˳Լ뷨¡
һϯԵ
Ҫ͸ԷһһҪʲô
㣬ҪǶƵġһ޶ġ
ȻֻǴ̣Ϊ˱ʾϯҵĳ֣أһʡԡ
ϯԨüͷһ磬ôŪȽ黹鷳
㿴ɣν
Ĵơ̡ϯָﶼЦˡ
ʹǶҲʮֵ¡أЩԼæͷ˲١
񡢶粻㣬ﶼҪԼ룿ǣǲ»ҹʱ򣬻ҪԼ·
ôô鷳ϯԨﻰ
ϯϵЦݶҪסˣ֮㶨ƺԺҸҡ
ƵĶ֪ܹ
ϯԨֱ׳˵ûǮ
ôûǮ۸ÿ¶дһǱҸô
ϯԨû꣬ûм̳۸ĲƲҲǱҶûС
ϯԨûУϯԸϯԨܲƹˤˡ
㡭ϯԸտھͱˡ
֮ûУ㿴ŰɡϯԨɳϣʼ硣
仰ϯԶе죬һ˿ڡ
ٸһͼܿ˰ɡ
ҾɡϯԨ˰֡
ϯǳ鶯ţѹŭֱͨѶӡ
ÿκϯԨ˵Լر׶ŭһΪԷ̫ǷˡԲԼƢ̫
лҪ˵
cpаɣдǣֶǾ鷢չǳ(*^^*)
ⱾĲŰӴ~~~ϾҪȲԼ̫ʹ~~



32 
ϯԨϯкжͨѶΪʾ, ϾϯԿȥǻô嶯ĳ档
ܲ˰ɣԼҲû˵ʲô
Լùϯ鲻õʱˡ
ϯԨ㿪ԣһϵѰϣά, Ҫȥʱͣ
ԡԼֳԸ, ƺ̫Լ󡣶ԼܾôˣԼһϣάô졣
ϯԨ˼, ûǵϣάԼʱ, Լ˳ƴӦȽϺá
ϣάٴԼаա
ΪǰϣάһԼͨѶ, ͲӦĶ˵һ롣
ڱܾ, ϣάҲûж, һıʾ֪ˡ
ϯԨΪʹ˽ʱ, ڶͬһʱյϣάϢһģһԾȥԸ
ʱ麣еϯԨ, Ҳûֱӻһ䡮ȥ, Ȼյ˺ǰһһģһõġĻظ
˵һΡڶ, õεĳֱ˳
ƫƫ, ϣάϯϵԼǰҵԼ, ȻԼһεľܾˡ
Ʋ⣬ȥӦûе, ϯԨ뵽ʮֿĵĵ㿪û
Եĸʮʾĵ鼮šЩǶµ鼮, ˽Ļ˵, ȴǸոպá
Ŀľ츳, , ϯԨһͨ
ѧϰµĶԼóϯԨûʳѾǿƺĽ
֮⣬ҪʱȡǿʡôһﻹʱӦϣά
ϯԨɳϿ顣
ǰĲ輸ϣСűֽŤŤд֡
ŰֽһѹŵֻֽƮݵ֡ϯġ
ǰϯԨӦС̵дС̵֣žͷСԼֶдŤŤ
겻ⲻԺѧУʦ̾С
ðɣʵÿʱ䶼ŵ̫鲻ʱСд֡
С̲һֻдССֵС̶ѧдԼַǳִš
֮£ϯԨֽʣСд
ʲôݣô˵أֻǴСԼȥ
˵ˣϰдܱ׷ǸϴԶƬǿ
Ȼˣϯǲ֪ġ
ϯԨҲû뵽Сôؿƿһֶûжϯ˵
˾ˡ˾ˣ
Сдһֽĵץֽ˹סϥǣױƵİд˺þõ͵ǰ
ÿʱϯԨͻ̧Ŀ䵽ֽϡ
н˵
𡣡С˿佱ϲ̵ġ
š
ǰ컭Ĺöˣôܿʻ˳ǰСд֣һֶС˵ǲǸЩ
Ҫ;˾дһÿСȭ
Ҫܳʱ䡣
ϯԨţĵĹ͡
һС̵ͷǳɫ̷ָرá
ţССŬģ
ϲ˾ԼԴҪú֣Сĵʽô򵥡
ϯԨ֪СʲôܿľС˸߲˻ز輸ϼ֡
һϯԨƿĿ⣬鷭ҳ
û뵽С̻ôϲ֣ӡСѶ̫ѧϰţʵҲʱҸѧУˡ
ֻǲ֪䣬ڳ᲻̫СӦ׶԰ɣ

ƻʱ֡
ϯҴҸϻźʶ
Ƹ
ССĴɳ˹ȥ
ƸƸѽ
ССסƸȣͷĵ˵ССܹŶ
˾˵ĺ׼ŶƸǰˡ
ϯһѽԼĳ̱һʣֻССڿ𣿡
һкϯ뿪ʱһԼĹ⣬輸ϸɸɾ
š
ڡССŴƸĲӣŵϵ۾͸¶顣
ûУ˾˸¥ûá
˾˵ԸߴƸƸʾ˵ڡ
˾˵˵ѣû˵ʵϣƸȻƨƨҪʹʹˡ
ϯûɳ̻ƭԼСС˵Ƹ˾òá
áƸԶ̨λõССһڴӦ̨ϻŽѾӡ
ϯԨ֪ϯ£ǴϯʳϿġ
ϯǰû׼ȻӦòҪôֻʣһԭ
ϯʱǰ
յһϢ֤뷨
ϯԨùûкһֱ¥Ϊϯס
ڳһСʱôССݵѾ¼ˣֻҪֳǩ־Ϳˡ
ϯԨоֲǱԱûȤ
ԡӦϯ˵ûһе⡣
۹ٷϢʱѾˡ
û뵽ô򵥾ʹӦϯЩԭҪ˵Ļں䣬Ҳ֪˵ʲô㶵˵һлл
ϯԨûлӦ¥
Ĵ¶̨ϡ
ҹɫϡ
ɼȡϯԨһȭ
ûר޹ȭ׾ȭҲûʲôãΨһþǶϰʱ
𵥴ܹȫҲκεĸͺ֢
ʼһʮǰĳҲͬһʱ䡣һȫ֮Ҳܹʵս
ڽʮΪ˵֣࿿һԾо֮Ӧʵսսٻš
п£֮սŨ񣬳Щսȫ
սʹſƼչĿҲûӹɡ
һȭϯԨһ
ʻ̫ˣ˵Լ۷ʱȣֻ˵͵ԼʮʱȶԶˡ
ţԼӵϢʱ䡣
֮ϯԨ˵ڶ飬ļΣķһԽԽҪѹե
ڶ졣
ϯڴ£ϯԨԼǰٷţڸС̵仧ǩ֡
Ϳˣ鷳ˡϯ˵ţע⵽˺üιԣЩԥʣԼ˳𣿡
ССϯǣС
ΪٳԶΧľɫʮֺ棬Ĵȥģǰ˲١
ϯԨһ۹ʾʱ䡣
ڣϣάͷһֱûԷûԼϢ
Լ˳棬ڵȳԼԼȻ⻰ϯԨǲܺϯ˵ġ
ߡ
ǰʹãһҪڽϯԼ¡
ȻǾͲ˷ʱ䡣
ϯԨϯԲϤͨ绰ȷԼӦ£ϯԾԻߴԼʱϯûô;Ͳһ
ʲôȻҪϯ򽻴
ϯҲûʣССĵĿһۣĺϯˡ
Ͼŵ̫ϣûůĸоˬ
ϯ·ߵĲţ˫ֲںɫ׵Ŀڴ˼ΪʲôϣάûзϢ
߳ʮ׺ͣ
ɽңұȥɽǸԼô
ԼΪ¡ҪղϯѳˣȥĿĵѹ·ˡ
ϯԨ򿪹ԣ¾öһϢԥķ˳ȥ

Ϊ˸ֵĻģҪѧϰ
ԼڣϣάΣɫ䵭ǰ곤Ƴĳƪۡ
۸۳ദ֮ĴƳ档
ԷѾ˰Сʱʱ򻹸ˡ̲ġЩ̱ѧֱ̲ߡ
ȣǴӹ˵𡶴̱ѧءⱾ顭
ʵЩ̲ϵݣֻԷ߶Լ˵ʲô
ϣάôţҪȥ顣
ʱĹԺȻ˵ͬʱҲ곤ƳĻ
ϣάү˵Ͽεʱ򣬱Ҫصԡ곤ĴƳüͷЩˡ
Ǹ׷ˡϣάҪػȴַⷢϢԼĳ澹ȻϯԨ
׻Լûԥѡ˲鿴Ϣ
ڿݵһ̣ϣάЩ죬ò˵Ϣ˿
׷ˣܱǸĽѧû취ˡϣάվҲڱϵЩ̲ģòĵ
δϯԨ¸ҷϢϣھȥһ档
һҭȻȥɡ
ֻ飬һ˻ж˹»㱨
ǵȻϣά⡣
϶΢ʣҪѧЩڿЩ̿γ̼ȥ
ϣά䵭Խ뿪䣬֪ϯԨΪʲôͻȻԼԼ
Ҫ֪ǰԼÿһ붼ϯԨܾˡϯԨܾôϺͺ飬ҲԼͲؿףҲЩóĵĿγݡ
ϣάûԹϯԨ֪ϯԨⰢά¡ȻôϯԨڻ˶ıŭܲһҪԭƾλûɴ̡
ںϯԨΨһһͨУϣάǵϯԨ׿˵Լ䲻ϴƾλã˵лһҪðά¼޸֮Ļ
۸˵ֻϯԨĿڲԣϣάȴôΪ
ϯԨϲά£һЩ
һߡ
ϯԨԼĶλϣάû뵽ϣάظô죬һ˵ϵ
ͺܽԼΪʲôûмԼ
ϯԨ򴽣ʵǺܲ⡣
ѵܹݣ
ϯԨָӹٵʱϰ˽˼ϸڣҲܽһԽԽӵԭ
һ۵糸ͣǰ£¶ϣά
ϯԨ£հϣά˵顣
ϯԨִڳϣϳ
ԸĻ
ϣά䵭ɫûϯԨˣһΪϣάԸˣΪԼȷûʲôطֵñϣάԴġ
ϯԨ򿪸ʻĳţ˽ȥ
ϳϣάȥ
ϯԨûбĵϣάʣֱ˵Ŀڡ
Ӧú֣ҽΪʲôԼ
ǵģҵȷЩ󡣡
Ҵ󲮵˼ϣǶӴҲ֪ʵûҪϯԨ˵ʮֱס
ǰһֱؾ㣬ҲΪԭ򡣡
ϣάƽǱϯԨĳ治Լһ֪
ҲǱӦҲǲϯԨ˵ָϣάǰҵһ㣬Ӧֻһ䡣
ϣάûзǰȷʵ۸ԸԼʵġ
ʱϯԨע⵽ϣάһֱڿȦԼû߶ԷĿĵء
õи̳ȥ
ϣάû˵ȴ˵ĵͷȥ̳
ԭǱߴ٣ŻͻȻԼԼϣά뵽ϯԨĻһ㣬ǾǼԼ֮Լʻǻᱻܾ
۸ƸڲڼңĻŰݷá
ϯԨĻϣάߣƺԼ˵Ļжôó澪
ϣάŰݷã
ûҲҴ󲮵˼㲻֪ϯԨ˵ţĵ۸ϲʲôƸأ˵һҪЩ
ϣάȷ֪Űݷãǲܳһ㡣
ϯԨϣάĬһ˵Ҳ̫ϲʲô
ˣʱٿɡϯԨˡ
鷳
ԼСзḻľ飬ҪˡʵҲûʲôѡ̫ԼҲ
治оʻˮЩܲ
أϯԨšԼδ˹˹ͼظǲġ
ǰ̳·ϡ
ϯԨͻȻյϯԵϢѯûгŵ
ϯԨţָϣάĸƬ
ϣάʱ˵ĸƬ
ҲϣάشϯԨѾ˷ͼ
һ룬ϯأ[ûϣάһƭҰɣ]
[ҾôֵΣ]ʡ
ϯԣ[һţҾˡ]
[Ųš]
ϯв[Ӧòϣ۸Ը绰ɣ]
[·ϲ㡣]ϯԨ㳶˸ڡ
ϯԣ[ʱ䣬ǵãҪһ㡣]
[Ϊʲô]ҪϯԨ⡣
[۸ϲ˵׼࡮θ飿]
ϯԨǳ鶯һ£ͣϣάţҪա

¶ͣϯԨϣάվڳԡ
΢վһ㣬Ƭ֮ͲҪô鷳ˡϯԨ˵š
һƬ󻼣뻹ǱȽֵá
ֻϯǸ˼ԼԭǸһһݡ뷨Ȼ̫ˡ
ϯԨŹԵþͷȻվϣά߶˵ãҡ
Цһʹϣάľ밤һҲͲô֣ϯԨ̩Ȼûκβʡ
ϣάƫͷ˳ǡ
ϯԨ
̫ѿˣƬôܽ˲
ɡ
վű𶯣һЩ
ԣ
ϯԨϣάӦٶȸе̾ΪֹȻǲԼôҲˡ
ͿԼˡ
ϯԨ΢΢ǰ壬ܿϣάԼĵӰ
ڵ£Լϣάֿ§סȻֻӾˡ
ҺýǶȣϯԨʱһЦ˵繣ΪӵĶ
ϣά⸱ģһ¡
û뵽ϯԨһ棬Լ֪ƤµıԣҲᱻֳļƻ
ϯԨûעϣάı仯ʱ
ֻԷǡһƬɹ¡
ˡϯԨ˵ţǵЦʧ
ϣά˵˿ȥϯԷϢΪƬԵøЩpһ¡
ܿ˰ɡ
һ˵һԼļҲƬ˭ܿóʵ࿴ᡯ
ϯԨע⵽ƬϣϣάĳǳǳĹ
ղϣάʱ΢罫βĸоԼ㹻ƣȻղһ̲סϯԨһԼ
һ۹ԣϯһֱڵϢ̾ͻظ
[û뵽ǽչô졣]
[ǹˣú棬Ǳ̫֡]
ϯԨԣȻԽϣά̳ȥһһ˵ɵվʲôˡ
лҪ˵
geṭҲӴ~~~
ڹĺÿ죬һ㶼ûÿ֣ΪһֱڸԺۡ(*/أ*)
psԺСɰ׼λӴ׼վ~~



33 
̳ڵǳ, һȥԾһɫĴƳ棬۳ʹƳԵ޼
ϯԨϣάϣʹֵĻҲǳϰ˱ע, Щϵûһ㷴Ӧ
̳, ϯԨȻû
̳ʱѾҺϢ׼Բ̳Ŀҹ
ʱ, ̫, ϯԨһҰĿ
ʵ˵ǿ׼ȷֻƷƷеĿࡣ
ѵĶǺ, ˵Ƴʮϲ, ϯԨûֱѡҡ
ȻԼ, ôȻҪϣάϲĵص㡣
պõ, ʱοܿգܹԼҪҪ
ϯԨȫǹ˼ά, ûоԼôʲôסڳ, ۳ῼǵôܵ, ˵ԴƳΪȡ
ϣάһǰһ̤װµŵĿ, ڷǰʱ˰, 
ǾλҸᱻŵλá
˿, ¶һòȻЦݣ

ȷʵһᱻţҲע⵽λãϯԨǰλ뵽
һ濿ŲĻǽ, һ࿿Źľͷ, ԱߵĿķʢֲǡôסܹǵߡ
λúʱͬ, ֻһӡ, öš
ϯԨſһԼᣬţĲԼϣάĻ
£˵ݸԼϣά
ʲô
ϣάԼģϯԨɵ˵˵ƳϲĶûԼѡˡ
⻰ƳŽӹеĲ˵
ϣά̹ףΪ
ǨԼϣάƷζľٶЩ˼顣
Ҳԡϣάû򿪲˵
ϯԨһݣ˵ԵĶԼѡĺãҸĻϲ˷ˡ
֣ϣάû˵ʲôãҿ
Ͷˡ
ϯԨ˵Ŵ򿪲˵һɲ۵ĸɫ۴ʹƶ˫ۣЩ۸ǲǰڵ㡣
Լ˻Ǯû˿
˶Ǻӵalphaⷽٮٮߡ
ϯԨ۳棬ϻǸalphaûתȻԵĲomegaǲԼϣάκγǰ
鲻ĵô
ˡϣάϲ˵Աߵķ˵䡣
ϣά˵ļȻ¶һЦݵ£أ
һˮˮͺáϯԨƽ˵
һ㶣ǺְҵصʣҪô
ˣҲϲʳ
ϲĻǿԻһҡϣά˵ģû˼
۳ϲʲôԹȥʮû۳ϲõϣά˵Щˡ
áϯԨ˵ţԷ˵Կô
û⣬Ұһߡ΢΢Ȼ뿪
ֻʣϣάϯԨαϣα¶Щɺ⡣
Ϊϣάǰ˽ޣϣάǰҪʶǰǰţ϶ܷһЩ
һϣά˶βһ˿Ĵڱ
ϯԨûע⵽ϣάڿԼ⡣
͸߲ĲȻϣάϯԨϣǳǳĶһɫ
û˵ʮĬû˵ôϸԷ
ϯԨûǲȻ˵һ뱻ϣϣάΪû˵Բ֪ÿ˵ʲô
ϣάϯԨ̬ȹڵƽͣûеһͨʱı겻ʣҲûԼʱ䳰ȷ
̫һΪʲôϣά̲ס̽
ϯԨ̬ɣʱɫչԴЦ⡣
󷽷ı۹⿴ϣάʲôʱõ̲ס᲻ƿˡֱԼż׼ϱQ
ϯԨ˼ƮԶԼӦϲŮomegaǣǰҲûԼԸȤ
ϣάôģ뵽Ƴǳ
ȥϣάÿ˳ֱ˸˵ĸоȫ෴ѵǸ˵ķȣ
ϯԨ档
ϣάϥϵֶ˶Щڵת⣬ϡ⡣֪ϯԨҪԼʲôʱ
ûб۳עӹһЩĿⶼܶġ
ΪϯԨҲһĲûûԼʣһŵԼЩ
ϯԨ£㡭ϣάջǾڴķΧ
տ˸ͷͷϯԨƺڶԼЦȻһգ۵Ĺûˡ
ԼˣϣάǺȷ롣
ϯԨӦһţʲô¡
ղĳֻƫͷ羰ĴƳЩ죬ûסЦһ¡
ԼһͼϣάعͷһĿԼ
գͱץ˸ţҿԼӦ졣
ԼҳлҪ˵ô
ˮƷͻȻ֣ϣάĻҲϯԨҪ˵ġ
ǵʳ󣬷ǳɫĿ뿪
ƷʮֺÿɰµɫƲݮļˮ׺ϡ
ƳҲŮôϯԨЩ벻ҲԼ˽Ƴɡ
һ߳һ˵żʱ仹硣ϯԨһˮֿ˿ʱûϵһ¶˹£Űݷ˸վͲˡ
ǡϣά۸Ϣ
˹ͼؼĿǰҪĺǺϯҵģһεҪӰǷ˳
ܿ϶۸ڵ֪ϯԨŰݷú󣬲ûаţµȴϯԨİݷá
۸˵ʱ䡣ϣάյظ˵
̫ˡ
ԷԼϲõĴڣϯԨһ򲻻Ķ˵䣬һü㲻һֱҰɣ
ôϣҽûѡط
ϣάĬĬӣһƷŽȷܺóԡ
ζܺá
ۣϯԨһɣԼ˵ʱԲôʹˡ
ϣάԼûԼǰЩϯԨע⵽һֱԼǱ˵ȽϺá
Ƴϲʳһִ˸ûʲôõķ֣˵Ժء
һϣάӡ
ϯԨ£ڿ˵ˡ
šϯԨûٲ⣬Ӧÿĳҵ̬ȡ
˵ʵҲϲε޷ܾ
ϣάע⵽˵ʱЩĲͷܿͿȥ
ǵģסϣάɫƽĻش
ȻϯԨԼԼ֮ǰһ
ˡϯԨжЩöԲסϣάƫƫֲ˵
֮ûκιϵҲһ⻰ǲЩ˼ţһ¡
⣬⣬ô
šϣάͷ
ԼҲûдĴ̣ڵĽԤеĺ࡭ϯԨ˵ģôԭƶǸӦԷʱȷһš
ͬáϯԨ֪ϣά룬ֻΪԼ˼
Ҳûκιϵ⻰ֻҵĽڣз֮ǹؼ
ܹͼĴƳ淢ϵϯԨһ;ñŤϣάԼ뷨һ
ϣάҪǺЩźҪ˯۳ĴƳһԼ͸õˡԼϵսԺ飬ЩƳǲһ
ԺҾվͬһսϵսˣϯԨôţ˵Ϊʱһϸ
Ӧô˵ɣ˵ˣ˻۳˯Ƴ⣬Ӧʲô
δרûٳЩ۳˺󣬸ոһ۳ϯԨЩ
Ͼǵһ۳棬ͬҲǵһν顣
ǰн˻˵ҪԼomega΢ݣomegaôôˣȫ෴ģҪԼ
ϯԨԼǵӣ´˸
ĻϣάЩӦʲôϸ
ҲǺ˼ϣάգգ۾
ģϯԨУԵϣάЩεϣάĮÿ
ϯԨȻ˵ԼҲֻһ˵㲻ףҵ¡
֮вп϶û⡣
ϣάһ˵ǰ˽Щһ
һ
ϯԨ͵һЦûзϣҵķȷǲ̫ãû˭һֱһɲ䡣
ã˲١
ϣά˼ϯԨĻԷȷʵ˵Щһνġô
ֻҪһǺܺ˵ġϯԨһ䣬˳ϣάԼϣͶԷʱģ
ӣġ
˵ģɣϣάȴ̾Լʱĳ棬ԺϯԨԼΪˣ
ϯԨûӣֱ˵μǰû˵㡣
Ȳ֪Բ̫ˡ
ҪҲû취ҵԸ
ԤԺٲˣϯԨòǰϣάԤ롣
ΪͬһսսѣҪΡ
ҲϣϣάԼϾϣάʱ󲿷ˣǡǰ
Ȩϡϣά
Ҿܾô
ϯԨûش仰ʵܾô
ûյ£µʱƶϣάԲܾ
Ӧ¶ϣά˵һֻҪϣάԼһôԼͲõܾĴ𰸡
ᡣϣάȷʵ벻Լʲôɾܾ
ϯԨԣϣά֣ЦЦ˵ô죬ϣά
Լʱϣά漴ѧ֡
죬ϯԨ¡
ϯԨϯԨԽҵ֡
ԡƺǲ̫ЩϣάԼò̫ԡ
ôҲá
Ϊ˱ϣάԼǰԸлĲͬϯԨϣάԻ󲻽ĿУں˵ҶԴһܺá
ܼǵģһ򶼽ҵ֡
ϯԨô˵ֻԼ֪ϣάÿγƺԼ¡ԼǰֵĹǫ˳ӵʱЩʣЩϢ
һнȵԼҪߣΪԼ۳Լǰֵޱ
۳ôԼܲţΪϯԨȴ޷ԼԷ
ûڸȷһ㡣
ǲٵһ죬ϯԨпš
ع񣬾ͼԼϣάŴһԲĿԼ
Ȼ͸ղûʲô仯ϯԨǾϣάЩš
µ˵ѽгô
ϣά
ⲻѲѵ⣬δ̳ƺԼֵ۳棬ϣάǵһμһʱЩӦ
ļͥУʹƾûʸֱԼ֣
ϯԨ˵ҪԼѣ۳ʹƳѣһҪ
۳һ򿴲Ƴ棬֮ĹϵʳʲôϵϣάЩˡ
ǰϯԨһֱڴĿһ
̫ˣֻ۳棬ϣά̲סһε뵽
㲻ԸҵѣϯԨһ֧°ͣ޵ĴƳЩ˵ҵĴ̣
ֻҲֱ֡ϣάԼ˵
ǲӦõġԼ鷳ҲֵĹڸߵ
ϯԨԼԭ̫ڲͬԼǰӦڴ˿̶ϣϣά֪Ǻ»ǻ¡
鷳ʲôأϯԨ˵Ҫ˽ô
ֻǡ
űĳһϷֻжԷʱ򲻱ôϸߣԼȫݵӰҲҸʱ䴭
ϯԨԴĿϣάϣԷܸԼһ㾪ϲ
ϣάϯԨעԽԽڣƳıܾ׷ȡáֺ۳棬޷ȫѹֵԡ
ΪԼĺܺá
ʵϯԨע£ڴƳԵǲ֣ΪϯԨרעĿ˷һŬѹſҪŷҵԡ
ϣάþûпڣϯԨȴЩˡ
ôϯԨϣάˡ
ķɫ糺ĺΣٱһɱɱʯĳҲɵðʵڲо˰ɡ뷨
ϯԨϣ׼˵ˡʱһ䡮ϯԨ
ϣάɤ˵ֵʱȴ֪ôЩ
һϯԨʱЩ΢Ǳëɨʱĸоһ
ôϣά֪ΪʲôԼ˵
ܺáϯԨع
ĿϣάƿܾЩԣûҵĲԡ
õϯԨĿ϶ϣάһЩָĿںҲûôѡ
ϯԨԼ֪۳涼һϣάоЩ滹Ȥ
˼ţҲԼ׿Щϣ˽ǰϯԨû˵ôӡ
ϣάԸڶ̶̵ĽӴУϯԨӡһıá
ʱ
ϣάϯԨϣάϵĺνɢȥָ
еʯͻȻðһͷϣάղΪԼղںߣ
뷨ϯԨȥ
һѵõһεϯԨղԼ뷨ŰŰԺϣάһ棬˵޶ԡĮȻıʵΪڸǺԼദľ
סԣˡ
ϣάԼսѡֵܣԼôʵǶϣά衣
ܰϣάЩմƳ濴ԣû
ϯԨдԼһʵԺô
ˡϣά΢΢ס
߰ɣջʱһ͸۸ʹƸϯԨɫȻ׼ȥ򵥡
ָǰģԴϣά̬ûκ⡣
ǰ̨
ϯԨ׼Ǯϣάסʮƽ˵ô򵥡
лҪ˵
ǧ»öСһǶת_(:١)_
q(s^t)rߣҲһẰСģѾˡ



34 
Լ, Ȼ
ϣάԼͳ۳ʲôһϯԨֱӺԼ۳ʵ
ͷˢ
⡭ĴƳ濴һĻˣ֪òýӹĿ
Ƴ۳һԷû۳渶˺
̫áϣά˵ʲô
ΪƳһҪ, ϯԨֻһˮ, ôҲӦϯԨǮ
Ҳ´ҳԷϯԨν˵
ˣ˵򵥡
ĴƳ濴Ǻ̸, ӹˢӦǱҺ󻹸Ŀ
ϯԨջؿ
ϣάȴͻȻ˵ܾĴΡ
ͬһֻ۳ܾô, ԼҲǡ
ǰϣά˵Ļɾڸղ, ϯԨԴԼ̬ȺǰѾȫһ
ϯԨ
Լûʱ, Լǰܾϣά¡
´һ
˵, ƭ㡣
⻰ûʲôŶ, ϣάûз
뿪ĴƳпš
Ȼ۳ôǨʹƳ, Լ, ۿҶš
ֹءǰϯԨǵ㵥ķƳչ, СҧŶ䡣
λ۳², ֻƳһ, 棬òʼֱ档
Ҳû, 㳤þͱλߵĴƳԶˡ
˵ֻƳôЩ죿
ĴƳôټҪǼô, Ǵ˰ɡ

, ˹ͼн
ǰΪ߾սս, һսǽн, ǡϣά˹ͼء
ôܣǲǿˡ
ܿģԼ̫һǰսƬ
һߡ
ѾԶϣά֪Լ˳
۸ʲôϲûСϯԨʡ
ϣάţĿʱʱΧ·̵ͣ
ķϯԨ˽Ĳ࣬ⲻ˽ķΧڡ֮ǰҲûҪȥ˽⣬δʲô
ʹϣ衣Ϫơ٤Լϣά̸׺ܺԵ˹˹ͼءǼҲõĶԴ
ϣά룬Щȷ˵ƣ
ϲƣϲʲô͵ľơɲռܴ
֪
شϯԨһ㶼֡ͿϣάͶ˹ĸӹϵ̫á
Ƹء
ԼƸϣά˵ʲôʱ򣬺Ȼ׹˵˹ͼء
ϲΡ
ǾȥΡһ
ϯԨ˵뵽ϯԽġÿȥûпԽġ
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ڽȥǰϯԨϯԷ˸Ϣ
[ƿ]
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Ȼϯԡ
ϢϯԨ߽Ŀλλۡ
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λãʲôҪôЦݵĵǰ΢΢
ϯԨ·ȫǶƵĸ߶˷ΣϣάϵȻҲһ۾ܿǴͻԴҲͶ˼ʵ顣
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ʱϯԨյϯԵĻظϣάĻ˵ȥҪظϢ
ϯԣ[ʲôƣ㻹ǵû]
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[ϯԨҺæСԼ]
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һͷϯԱˣҪ۸ԼŵϯԨ˭Ҫ¡
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ϯԨʲôʱôѲǰܺô򷢵ġ
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ϯԨ˼ȥ黹ǵúϯ˵һǼͼ֮£ǮǲҲ߹ˡ
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һԵ쾭壬ϰΪ
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ʱϣάһչʾǰǰǷһߵ˿޺ΣСС˵ʮС۵ЩͷΣӦоС
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ˣλµıϿһҲʮ۰ԼδĴƾôһһôƳ濪Ŀġ
ȥ⺬壿ϯԨŲֱ̫ӿھܾˡ
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ҲϲƷϯԨ˵ſһ̵꣬ҪҪٽȥһˡ
ϣάҲû˵ҴƸϲЩ
ϯԨϣά㹻ϣά˵
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ϯԨֻҪһ뵽ǴƿԼģ;⻨ˡ
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ԭվλõбԽǶ˴ϯӺ߳ԼĳЩ㵡
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ദĺ񲻴ԭԼΪϯԨϲϣάнн޸ϯԨ᲻á
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ϣάнĴƳ桭ϯԨҲûϲɡ
ƸڿʲôССðͷʡ
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ƸȥϷòá
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ϯ;ƵĳΪϯڼңһֱСǻ
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ϯԨòĵ˹£հ
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ϯԸǮϯԨһ㶼ʹ
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ϯԨΪ𺳣ûס顣
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ӸĻȿлһ´һ_(:١)_ھеչһЩϣǵʱҪ̫



35 
ϯԨ˳ǡ
˿ˡ
Լȥ, ܻ֮Ƕϣά˵߰ɣ
ϣάû˵˹Ц, ּɵģ
ȥȥ, Ƚйͬԡ
ǣ۸ϣά˵վ
ϯԨͶ˹Ǵк, źϣά뿪
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ϯԨɿ첻١
ʵֹ, ϣάҲһ
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ϯԨһƬʮƯĻԣЩǰڻͬһ֡
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ϯԨϣάվڻðɫʯ̾͵С·, ϣά˵
ҴƸֵġ
ƯʵĿһ䡣
ϣάûм˵ʲô
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ϯԨźǵӰЩȡ
λˣһʲôʱꡣߵİάת, Цǡ
רǡϯԨ֪άʲôɴʡ
ǰϣά㡣
ҸǺƵġ
һ·ǵȷûô̸, ôϯԨòǡ
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ʱϯԨסϣά֣ϣάΧ
ϣάķģȥɡ
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ңά»лȴԷֱΪʲô
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ʧߣϣάòΪԼˣåɡ
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һϣάԸأֿȻСҲûУûдƳܹܾһֻϲԼ۳档
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һķдš̱ѧءϯԨҪĶһ١
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ϯԨ˸⣬˵ϣά鷳һȥˡ
Ӧõġϣάƽ
ϯԨ֪ǴƳԴ۳ķȣͺͿϣάҲʹԼһ
ȵ˼ſڡ
ϯԨ³ò룺Ҫô
ˡϣάܾ
ϯԨ˵֮ڵĻش
ţת뿪ǰ˵һ䡣
ûʲôıҪҲҪѧΪҲϲĴƳ档
ָ״ǼôϣάͷһĨĺ⧲ײҰС
̧ͷֻϯԨ뿪ıӰ

˹ͼׯ԰
ϣάķڡ
ϴ裬ڴߣűڴͷһ䡣
ϣάҲ֪Լô͹ʹİ⻨˻ǰѾԹһΣϯԨؼҺ󷴶ˡ
ˡ
£¡
ϣάǺʹƸԼŽ࣬ȥš
Ƹôˡ
վŵŵ˵ƸЩ˵
ϣάôƸȻš
ŵڿϵ˷üͷ
֪˴Ƴ㣬Щ̫ˡ
ϣά֪˵ʲôãֻܿοŴƸƸҲǿͷϽ̼ѡ
Ǽ޸۳̵ĴƳѧģײҲ֣Щ̵ġ
ϣάŴƸڴ˵Ƹ㲻˵лҪ˵ô
ЩҪ˵ŵûкԵǶڴͷϷŵġ䡯ϣάʡ
䡯˭͸ġ
ŵ˽ԼĴӣϣάǲȥЩģСͲϲЩ
䡯һĻ̫һ¶Ųͬĺ壬˭ϣάϣάˡ
ϣάû˵ԵǴƸɻǲ̫˵
ŵģ˼ֲ²⣬˪İɡ
㲻ôôɵһ͸ҡ
Ϊ㲻ϲ֮ǰǻ˵һҪȢάĴƾôôᡭ
ƸԽ˵Խ֣ϣάæϵҲϲ
⻨
˪ƷҪָˡ
ԭôŵȴûȫġ
͸㣬ˡŵЩǣϣάϯԨʲôøС
ŵϯԨӡ󲢲ãеѡȻϣϣά޸ϯԨ̣ǳĻϣάԼѡ޵޵۳ƾ
ǡϣά񶨵
Ƹ㲻ҪˣĲһ֪ƸʲôͲһ£ϣάȷ
лҪ˵
Ϣ߿ˣԼӸļƻ̥QAQϢ쿴ܻӸѼϣҪٿqwq



36 
ϣά㳤, ܶ飬ƸԼԾŵעϣά֪ԼĴѾҪԼˡ
ϣά֪ƸǵԼ, Цһ£ʵƸ, Ҳûô
˵Ը⡣
ϯԨ۳棬޸, Ժô졣
ǴƸû, û취ı۸뷨ȻҲȥ
˹вٴ, ŵܳ谮һ, ɼʹҲı䲻˶˹ľ
ϣά֪һ, Ҳ֪ԼƸŬ
Ƹ˵, ѾΪȡˡ
ԼûӮǳսۣⲻܹ㡣
ϣά, лᡭŵ˵ס, ѹԸ뿪ô
Լ뿪ɾ붩ûжˡ
û, ۸ӡŵϵ, ͷ϶롣
ô, ϣά֪Ƹ˵ǽڡ
ԼᱻѡеԭҪһǰάºԱȰ˵, Ϊ˹Ĵǳӣڰά¾ܾԺ󣬲̫ϯҵӡ
Ȼ˹ֲֻ, ûеⳡҪȥ
ϣάҡҡͷ, ˵Ƹ, Ҳ
, ۸϶Ǩŭġ
ⳡҪ뿪ǣҷ˹ͼؼݣӰ쵽һƻ˵ûоȳԼʱ뿪
ҺϯԨ̸ˣֵ̫ġ
ϣάû˵ϯԨԼԼϯԨӦҲϣ±֮ĳ֪
ŵеΡ
ֻԼжϡϣά˵
ǻϯԨĻ
ŵüͷƬ̺̾˿֪ˣʲôȥɣƸ֧ġ
㲻һֱҪôҲӦһЩ㡣ŵӿڴóһС
һֻɫĺ׹ĵ⡣
Ƹ㡭ϣάԾĺ׹
Ү˹ļһգҲԻ͵Ү˹塣
Ȼİǰ𽥵û䣬˺ǳ׵֧鲻ڡ
׹ֻ壬ŵҮ˹ԭ򣬺һҮ˹ıء
°ɣ͸Ǹġ
Ү˹ֻʣ´Ƹ㣬ⶫڴƸʡ
ȻΪԭΪҮ˹ֱϵŵٹҮ˹ϣö׹ʼĴҮ˹ֱϵѪС
ϣάҪõö׹ǱƸ֪Ҫ׹ԭ󣬴Ƹôϸ
֪㲻ô׷Ը񣬾Ҳ㣬Ҳ취ȥ롭ŵͷٿԶһѡ񡣡
ϣάŵ׹ûиߴƸԼѾҪˡ
ƸҮ˹ֻôʡ
֪ӦûˡŵҡͷҲ̫ȷ游߹ң˵Ү˹ֱϵ涼ͨΧˣȴܻĴŶ֧
Ү˹Ϊ۵һȻϡȴҲҮ˹еģҲΪԭϣά游游ǲܸյļľڵҮ˹Щ׹ϵļС
ݣȻ󳹵׵ĽҮ˹ĺۼĨȥ
Լڿഫ⣬ûг֪ʵҮ˹ֱϵѪҮ˹һҲ׹ϵķ档
ѾȥİٶˣҮ˹ĳʺͳѲڣö֮ҲûҮ˹һѾʧļ塣
ŵǰ˹͡˹͡Ƹڵļ塣
ŵ۸ŵƸѾû˹͡壬ڶ˹˹ͼصķ׷¼޸˶Է
ϣάŵЩ졣
ΪʲôôʣѵҮ˹йصĳ棿
ûУֻһʡ
ŵϣά뿴û˵ѡ
ϣά̩ȻɴƸ
ûоͺãѾȥôˣЩ˭˭ҲԷ
Ƹֻϣúõġŵ˱
һġ
ŵ˵ʱ䲻ˣЩϢ
ҽ˵Ļڲ̫ۣĺܵҪ
ƸģʹƸš
ˡ
Ƹߺϣάŵ׹˺һ
תߵ¹ǰ򿪹š
ϣά¹񱳰壬ڱһǶǽеĺϽ䡣
ָơ˫ؽóһƴĵҩС
һӵĸӴ򿪣¶ŵҩ
ɫҺ岻עһӺͻҲô飬Ҳֻܲʹ쵼
ϺӣϣάҩзŻȥͬ׹һ
ԭǸϯԨ׼ġ
۳Ҳˣô
ڼϯԨǰڿйϯԨʱϣάôġ
Щԥ
ϯԨ˵ģôԼͲҪðȥ֡ЩϣϣάԸԼ۾ġ
⻹һϯԨˣԼζᱻɣòҲǼ£ٲõԼ˶¶
ϣάպãߵ߽Ƕ仨ŵһߡ
仨Ļϣάǵһα۳ȴǵһδһ֧۳濪ЦŽԼĻ
ϣά΢˾һĺ˴ʹʹ
ʱͣ򿪳ҩŷ¡
Щҩٴܴĺû̫ãҩֻܻĺƷʱʹ
ϣάܴĺˣͨҩܹƺõġҪκã򵥵İ취һֻ۳ĺڻҵľ
˵򵥣ʮֵѡ
ԸƳ۳汾Ͳ࣬󲿷ֵ۳滹ĺܣһֻƳʩԮ֡
ֹˣڵݸ۳
ϯӵδƳǺ͹ȻϯԨñʲôһ

ϯԨһ泩
ϻԭȵİżȡٴȭ㹻Ķմ˯
еĳܣϯѾˡ
ϯæˣţҹŻϯԨҲЩϯ򵽵˷ʲô
С̰·˳סĴȡ
˾ˣϺ~~
ϺáְС̱һС̵
ߣȥ
С̰һ£˵˾˾˾ˣôûл
ϳԹʱѾˡûϯСȻҲ֪ˡ
гԷԻˡ
أǲǺƸȥˣ
Сһ˫۾Ŀȵס죺˾ô֪Ƹ˵þ˾֪ġ
ϯó;ƣϯڣֻƳ˺һ飬ϯԨû˵
ûʲô£Ǿ˾˲֪ġ
Ŀ𡣡
ţġС̻˻֣˷ܵ˵԰ú棬˾´һȥòá
´лʹȥ
СֻǴӦˣĵĲˡ
ϯԨͣ˳Ͷιһݡ
ڡֻ۱ֻ۵£ϯûٸС̳ЩĹͷʳƷЩţ֮С̵͡

ԴϯԨС̵̬ȺС̾ûôˣҲڷﵽ档
СûҲĺܿġ
ϯԨԴ˲⣬С̴أҲȥһЩΣն
ɳ£㿪׼ϯԽġҵ
һʵĶΪʱ͸ϣά
ôһңϯԨ俴̳ﱻƼŷڳ顢Ľָ࣬۳ֻ͸ƾ
ϯԨû򣬲ȻҪֳˡ
۳ֻںʹƾʱΪ岻ͬϾӸ߲£˵Լ͸ϣάҲӦ
ϾϯѾ˵ĺˣϣάǴ̲٣ϱҪ˹ͼؼӡ
ϯԨʶһϣάӣûô졭ÿĴƳʲôÿ֪廹ҪͣǲЩ̫á
ϯԨˡ
ûôͽָƳģȽϲٵҲָҪӺʡ
ǳ壬֪꣬û˻ָ֪ĺ塣
ڳ壬ָǸͨܱͶǿ
Ժܿ϶ϣάûжһԼ˶ϣά᲻ΪҪ϶ȥֿҲûУԼ̳￴вٴŶĴƳ档
̫鷳ˡϯԨǡ
뵽ϯҪ⣬ˣָͽָɡ
ųֵֽ»ָĲͼϯҪġء֣ڽָּ˼ʾлɫΡ
ϯԨùɨͼֽ
ǵǽʱѧģָ򵥵ĺܣڽָϵ̫շӵı־İƳеı־ҲǸõ롣
ͼƬϯԡ
ϯյͼƬʱڿ᳡Ʒ
ΪһεĶʮֵ¡أҪŵкܶࡣ
ΪϯѾüûлؼˣƢЩ
ڿϯԨһͼƬעͼʱ򣬲ò˵ϯ˿ġ
ϾϯԨĲ׷ǳ˽⣬ôʱԼϯԨ˵ѾǱֵˡ
ȻϯԿͼֽԭ佱һϯԨȴ
[ʲôָȷҪƽָ͸ϣά]
[ϯԨҲòǲǹ鷳]
ڼյϢϯԨܿм͸¶ϯķŭ֮顣
ȻˣȫûиĵĴ㡣
[ⲻҸұ֤һ޶]
[ǽָ˭ʹƾǽָǱ]
[˭˵͸ƾģͼֽˣ׼޸ġ]
[ƳĶҪǲһҲ͵ϣϯҶ]Ϊ˷ֹϯնĳҪϯԨòһ䡣
[ҲøģһȰͼֽȥ۸]
[ԼͰɡ]
ϯԨʼںϯʣҲ̬ȡ
Щº
ϯԨ㿪һֱڰԼȺңһȥͿˢһϢ
[]
[@ϯԨ ԨԨٲҾ͸绰ˡ]
ϯԨ˿Ϣóһ仰[ʲô¡]
[ԨڳˣҶһˡ]
[̽ϴϺ\\(^o^)/~]
[ܼˣҸ˯ûþͱϢˣûҹĳȻ档]
[㻹ûѣ㵱ùԺа]
[ܼ]
[@氢ڲڣͲˡ]
[棺ţڡ]
[ȻҶˣҾ˵ˡ]
[ȣǲǺֵܣֵǲӦҪæ]
[ܼµģ˵˵ȥ˯ˡ]
[ģǳԸ]
[̽&棺]
[]ϯԨֶη˸һģһĻظܼûôºˡ
[ܼ˷ʱ䣬Ϊ]
[ȻǣһиҪ]
[ǡȿһһȥʶһ]
[ܼǸưפǲ̫ˡҶûЩϴĴƳ浱£ˣô档]
仰ܼ˯ûԺŲмġ
淢Լֱ̾Ϊֹ
ܼһкȴزɵġ
ܼһ涼ûȢϯԨԿܼһѵδˡ
[`ô˵һ仰ɣĻ´ôƳʱ򡭡]
[ܼǣвңΪһ£ʱص㷢]
[̽ԷûⰡƳȥҪҪ]
[̽˵ȥԼС΢Ӧ]
[㣬ȥȥ]
[棺Ҳȷܲȥ]
[һҪҶ˵һ䶼Ҫ㲻Ҷˡ]
[֮ǰæķϣӦҰQAQ]
[棺ðɣҿܻǰ볡]
[ûϵûϵͿԡ]
[ϯԨȥ]
[ԨһҪһҪϣάһ]
[ϯԨΪʲô]
ҪϣάϯԨҲ׼ܾ
[ǾһƳڣһ಻˼]
[ϣάҲǴƳ棬ĻϾˡ]
[ȱæžܾҪǴӦĻҾͰѡ̾š㣬컹ºС]
[ˡ]
[̽ôõ̫̾յķɴ㶼ϡ]
̫յķɴϯԨԥһ£⻹Ǹ㹻ĳ롭֪ķɴʵʲôо
[ϯԨֻȥ]
[Уôϣά]
[̽ʵҿԴС΢ģɡ]
[ԼĵҶ΢͹ˣܾٴˡԨʹϣάɣҴӦһʲôԡ]
[̽QAQ]
[ϯԨԡ]
Ϊϣǻȥˡ
ϣάһʵܻ㣬ϣάܾġ
ϯԨ뵽ϣά￴飬Լϣά˵Ҳǰຣ
***
׶ĶһƬ⹫Ԣ¥
һ۹Ԣ¥ڣʮ־ӼҵڡϡĹԣڿϢһϷϲá
Ϣ
ƻɹˡ
ô̫ˡϢ򼤶վ
ʱһֱڲȥŲ鵽λڽı
У׳˲ٹ滹ϢϧǣûȥǶԴ˽ⲻ࣬
ǰⶨһǱļƻִǰĪס
Զ׼ģǵļƻʧˡ
ǶķǳɭϣȫʮСʱ˻ѲӻиǵļأǶܵĻ԰Ȼһѵĵڡ⵽۳סıǶԵеıݣ
Щֵģеǰ취ЩʧЧ
Ψһһֱ棬ֵĻᶼûС
ѣֻգ취ס뿪
ȻڼͣЩ豸ðĪ׽ȥ
ֻܸṩԶ֧֣ʱܻͻ״ԼҪǵӦ䡣˵ţԱߵĽԧ۴Ƴ档
رĪף֪ȳԼҲûá
޷Ǿͣж
һγɹȳãܻһΡҪǱǸ̬۳ץסˣɾ͵ȥˡ
ƯĳϡٵԧۣĴƳڳҲټĺܡйݣŪþȲ˵ҪĪ׽ȥ
򣺡˵û
㡣Ľ׳ߴ󡢳տİ
ôˣֻ۳治ֻϲϡƯĴƳôҲϱ׼ɡ
ϵĴƳ³ҡޱ顣
򣺡
Ī׿ڣϣһγɹȾǾ뿪ǣֻ۳治Ϊ׷ǲŵġ
룬Ҳǡ
ϣɡĪ׹ֹ۵뷨˵ʵЩûס
ˣгŲϢ𣿡
Դ˺󣬵۹һֱڲǣüζϡ
Ժͺйϵ
Լ־Ͱǵͱ˵۹ٷǲȥҽԺȥһЩҩ
ΪĪ׵Ƶڶûá
⼸ûˣͷӦǹȥˡ
Ǿͺãȷͷˣٸӳ͸šʱ䱻ĺܽҲҶӳϵʽһǳ»۶ӳ
лҪ˵
ÿ춼ָġޡ
¼ӸѣԶѡһֻȱסճˡ
дع賿ʮˣҲоԼҪҪϢءЦŻȥ
ǶԲסң˵ҪӸģ֮Ŭ˵õļӸϵģȼӰ˰ٰqaq



37 
΢ҹưɵİڡ
һͷɫ, Űɫºͺɫװ㡣
ʹɳϣҲܽ޳һࡣ
Ⱥȵ㶫Ѿ߹ˡɫ˫ʢЦ, ֱߵĹ֭ŵС
۳, ֻƳ˻᲻Ķأ
ԣһ
Ƕô
ȻǰѾ˵ˣҪ֤һΣ˵Ǹ۳治ǲϲô
ĴӦˣ
, ǶĴĮһ
ûʲôط, һ۹ԣȷ˵׼šƶ
ȻӦ, Ѿˡ
Ǽϵɺ, һ˵, 붼ʹӦˡѡԼӦЩɥȨԼ, үүʱı΢
ǰ
[ǶûУҺѾˡ]
[棺׼ˡ]
[ϯԨȥϣά·ϡ]
[ܼˣϴ]
[̽С΢ܾ, ˡ]

׶н, ɽ
濴һ۱ڽеһ, ̧߱ϵλˡ
1086, Ҳڵʱ俴һš
λ˴ԼС, ֮һλһʾڻشʱʾ֡εװһ鷽ν, Ľĸ֡
[ǵģˡ]
[1086չ˺һŵ?_?]
һ±˵ķƣȷûʵʱϵİ״ӡ
뿪λڱµʵ, ׼ȥһܹŵ·
Ϊ, 治òѽʵƻŲ
Ϊһŵܹסʵǿ, Ѿ˺ܾˡǰԼٵ, ˭ҲԼԭļƻ
һһ߻·ڷʱֻһ䡮׼ˡ
бϣֱϣһöþƺɫʯĥϸխβ䡣
κʱ򶼸ñõǺž΢΢һЦ
Ӻ濪š
ⶰ⣬ûĳ棬Աάʹɨɡ
ԣһܻء
ͬһʱ䡣
ǰڴǵ֪ź󣬾Ͱ˶ϴŵĺʯ
һ£ȺͰԼõİţʾѾ뿪
ھɽԼ幫һ·ߣһɫ˳ӡǵٶȣڰ˷Ӻһɫ
˷Ӻ
īŰɫĳХ
н·ٶȲ죬⼸ʱ㹻Ī͸ĳƣԼڼʻϵ۳档
뿪ˡĪ˵
Ҳˣ²۵ֻ۳汾濴治ô̬ġ
۳治αװôĪ䵭豸ͰţʾԼһ˳

˹ͼׯ԰ڡ
С
ϯԨڷϢʯ󺣺ûټùֱѡ˹ͼؼϣά
άºͶ˹ڣ
ˡϯԨ
ͻȻһæ˵ôأԨϣάİɣھùܼȥϣά
ϯԨôôͻȻĹϣάڵӱ˲֪ᷢʲô
鷳ϣά¥ôԼȥûı鲻̫ÿǾܾ
֪ϣάķϯԨһ˵һ¥
ֻ׷ȥ
ϣάķſڡ
ϯԨòţȻ󲻵ֱŽȥ
ŵţм䲻ʱ䣬˵û뵽ô죬ϣάҲûӦ
㡭üͷҪ˵Ϳ۳棬۳վŵ
Ĳʱ򡣡ϯԨüŹڵϵϣάѹһֱͼֹԼ
ϣά˫ϥأȴȻ۲ͦıֱ
ϯԨʱϣάǲ˼飬һ֪ϯԨΪʲôͻȻ֡
ֻƳǣϯԨע⵽ϣά仯ĵϣά֮Ժ㣬Ƚǰ鷳
Լϣάѣôѱ۸ء
ֻӲͷƤվܣ˵ףϣά֪ġ
ףλϯԨ¡
ϯԨ£հ̽ʣ֪ǣ
ȻϣάѵôЦһߵϣάǰ
ϯԨϣάȱ߷ŵϣ̯ҳϾЩȷ⽨̻ҪԳĹء
ϣάǲ˵ʲô
ǣǧƪһɵݣѧҲֵһġϯԨһŲҳýż룬ʮֵĲм
˵꣬ЦЦĿ
ȻҵĴ̣Ͳ鷳Ƴ̹ˣҸϲԼ
ĲһʱЩò׼˵ģ˵ֻΪ˻ϣάô˵
ϣάҪ޸̵ģЩ򵥵ĹػҪѧһѧġȴЩ̽
ԨҲþ֣ÿ̵ĴƳ涼ҪѧģȻԺʲô£ᱻ˵ǳǰƸûй̺ܽá
ϣά
ϣάαطǹ
ϯԨ˸׶û뵽ĶϣάӵϷ
ȻǼ̶ҪѧģԺ޸ѧҲûϵҲ⡣ϯԨϣάЩûȤԼϣά˽⻹еġ
ϣάǱϯԨĶһ
ϯԨ˼˳ƽϯԨվ
ֻʱ̫ˣ˫ЩӲôͻȻЩĲȵǰȥ
ϣάҪˤʱһֻ§סҪˤˡ
ϣάʶҪлû˵ڣʱԼʩԮֵֻһ档
ϯԨ
ôҪȥԴϷʵĶ
עǰһĻޱȵĸӣѵϯԨϣάʲô뷨
ʱϯԨǰ§뱧ϣά
ûʲô⣬ֵվȷһôˣ
ҪϣάҪϯԨṩһ¹ڳЩ۳桰ĴƳ棬ʶһԼһĳɹ
ҲϣάѧЩҵ˼ôϯԨ˵ЦŵģЦȴż˿⡣
ðɣԨ㶼ô˵ˣǾͲѧˡЩΪѣ޿κεĴӦ
ܾϯԨĻϯԨ˵ҵǱȥʱ鷳Լ
ãϣάҾʹˡϯԨ˵ţѯϣά
ô
ϣάʱҲԼϯԨЩܣҲ˵
ԡ˵ţϣάƿϯԨ
ԳǿĶϯԨĲסҡͷĿԣҷɡ
ƳûôֻҪٸԼһʱ䣬һûˡϣάô˵ϯԨĵĿԼʱȴЩ˵ڡ
ǲǹ˺ܾá
û̫áֻСʱ
ϯԨֻˣ˵ʣĹأ
Ҹ㷢˺öϢ㶼ûأֻȹˡ
ϣػˡ
Ҿ֪Ȼ㲻һֱظϯԨȻ
̹ϵĹԣϣά뿪䣬ȫû׷ӡ

ɫѿǵ
ϣάĿγ̾͵ýˡ
ԭϯԨϣάҲˣڶΪϣάԼǺˡȥһٱϯԨֻϣάȥϯԨ״۳ƢֻԽԽ
ȡȡǱ߻Լ˵㡣
ײӦһ֪ˡȴǾΪ۳ϯԨΪϣά˵Ľʮֵټ
ô۳棬붼ǳ谮ǼҪΪԼ̵ĴƳ档
һߡ
ϣά뿪ϯԨϣά¥
ʲô¡ϣά벻ϯԨʲôԼһҵԼ
ԼϯԨô
ϣάûţϯԨദʱϯԨıԼǲʧˡ
Ϊʲôô˵ء
ΪϯԨ̬һֱģûκĵط
ϣάԼ֪Ϊʲôһ㣬һᷳ۳ԼԼȴЩϯԨ̬ȡԼʧЧ߸ڡ
̫ˡ
ϣάϯԨеԼƳƺûʲôͬ
Ȼûʲôͬʲôֵһ˵ء
ϯԨ֪ϣά룬ԵĽ˵˸ţȻ֤һ£˵õģڣµġ
ԭΪԵô
ϣάʾɿ֣˵ҺöˣԼߡ
߰ɣҵĳ档
ϯԨҲû룬ֱӾɿ֣ڼϣά·ƻȵ󳹵׷ġ
ϳ̳趨õĿĵطʻ

΢ҹưɡ
õİڡ
û뵽ǵһġܼļЦ˵һΪء
˭ý
ܼ˸ǷĿڰڵĴƳϣֿһЦ˵³衭
ܼ֪ûûסܼ졣
ܼôôԼǲ֡
ǰҪء
ϡ
ϣ˵ܼͶһ㣬ʵǸóġ
ܼ˰ۣӿ֣Ц䡣
ǰĳɫѵ۳öˡ֪άϣܼû˵ʲôĻ
ϣֻƳĳȴǲ̨ϿҪ˳۵Ķࡣ
ܼҪǻʱص㣬ҲԼǰģʵĻһҲǲС
ھˣûȤȥϵĳ档
ϺһܼǰռΨһһŵɳһɢģ
̽ſϣһġ

Ҫһǲװ档
ϡ
ЦЦ΢΢ͷã棬ĺѡ
ĸ˸ĴָǰǸӣǻ쵰϶һھûû
ã¡ǹЦݣʵ޲øһš
۳ǴƳıܣ棬Ҫ
ЦģģôƳʵ飬ֱ˷ָԼУ֪ᱻôԴ
һ뵽ԼڽоЩͼƬоϣϾ;öġ
̽˰һ˴ƾϱÿԼҶǸǴƶ
Դ˼ֲָָ֣˵Ǹǳ̽ƽʱġ
ùȻͺˡ
̽⻰ԹĿοҾˣҪһţ̫֡
ڣԶὩ
һ
ϯԨŽͿ˷϶Գ
ϸһԱĻʾĸʣŶû뵽裬ͦô
ϣάϯԨһڿֻƳʱ𾪡
Ϊʲô
ϣάͷȥе𾪡
ϯԨûߴƳЩ˸к
һġ
֪ԼһͺãȻҪһװЦܵߣȻø첲ͱͱʾ㿪ڽһ¡
ϯԨô죬ֻ˳˼˵ϣάϣġ
ŶЦü俪ġ
ϣά
ѡȷԼû
ʲôεĳ棬ϣάĳҲЩľȻ
ΨһҵģϲԼԼòαװԶۼǲὫϣά͡ά뵽һġ
ܸʶ㣬ϡϣάƽ˵
Ϊ˽ӽ͵棬Ǽ϶ϲ˸׳죬˵ʲôжǳ
ŷµĸ̾
ƯĴƳ棬ǱϯԨ۳档
ѹ˵ϯԨδ̺ÿҶءһЦ§Լģϣάྶͥ
ÿϵĴǣգһ۾
ΪѾľˣǵһˡԵ׼ƻҲҪˣԼܿͲίߣȥɡ
ϣάƫͷЩٿȥ
ӽԭֻ˵Щ
Ҳżʱ䣬ôͷչزΪ˾ɫ࣬һǷǷˣϣάи̾
ϣάźۼĴִʱŻĶüһ쵽ûô򵥡
ϣάǳꡣϯԨ
áϣάεעһһ
û뵽Ǹ£˹
ϣά˹ͼأ棬㿴ƬϸƯĨЦζʮĴϣά
̫ټˣ֪֮Ү˹Ѫô֪˹ͼؼһһֻƳ棬˵ʲôҲҪ۸ȥҶ
ϣάҮ˹֣΢΢һ͡
ϯԨ֪ô˵ʲô˼ûһΪʲôԭ濴ϵģòֶϣά˰ɣЩûڲٵ۳˵Ҳǲܡ
ҪǲƯһͬô
˵ϣάļ磬ϣάԼȨĵҵģ⻰˵ˣѾûˡ
ϣάûϵľٶһʱֱײϯԨؿڡ
ϯԨüͷһ£Уʹ̡
ôϣάµֻһţҪƯɡʳָ̧ϣά°ͣЦ
⶯٬ϣά۾΢΢Щ
ϯԨвɵһЦıϣάϣĪԼڵϷϣάĸоôɰô¡
ǵ˵ǵע⣬ҲˣͶǿ
ϣάע⵽Լķ򿴹ʱϿƲסһȡǰԼģ֪ԼݣҲԾо߳ܡ
ƫƫʱ򻹲ϯԨĶΪǲϯԨ˵ġ곡ϷҲ˷ϯԨǰػԼĺ⡣
û취֮£ϣάֻܶӲϯԨѴһ
ģУôŭ
ϯԨ״ЦһĳֻװĴƳһ̨£ίĵˡ
лҪ˵
Ӧýڳƪʹƪ֮_(:١)_³ȵĻȿ˵һ£ǧҪ¡ʱ߸չһ¡
˴ΰ£ֻȸˣ˵ҲҪ˯ôô=3=
ˣû֪ͨһ㶼ĵԭqaq



38 
ӦϯԨ, ̿ĴЦ
û뵽һܼŰԨάƳ棬˼˼û˸ղŵ, ˲١
Ӧ, ͼܼһĿ
ϯԨ㺦ˡ
̽ޱʹ˵ϴˡ
, Ӯˡ˸߲ҵ߹, ܼǮǮ˱˰
, һˣЦܼм
, ġ
ҿ¸ٸ𣿡ճԤ֧»ĳ̽˵
ҴġϯԨޱĿǰȺ۳, Ҫǻ⼸ʲô, ׻ôЩˡ
Ԩ㿴˭ôЦ, ȴԽԽСǵ, ˸֡
֣ǿԼְ, ϯԨ뵽
Ƕʲôע, ϣάϵ΢ġ
ϯԨóղϣάĽ, ôϣϣά
֪ǰԼĶϣάһȻϯԨղŵǾ仰, ҲȷʵЩߡֻϯԨΪĲͬһְˡ
ϣάûдϯԨǵĶԻȻղǹ, šüǰԼôûľ, ˵, Ϊ˵ˡҮ˹Ӱ쵽Լжϡ
²Ǿʱ, һҪ
ϣά뵽ֻһ뷨
ǾǾԡԲ֪ԼʵݣȻ췢һᱻ˵֪ʱǶۣڳ
ǸϯԨע£ջмܲס˵˳
ǾǶ£᲻Ụϣά
⻰Ͳˣʲô졣һͷҲûҿû˵ôҪϯԨĴƳ棬
˭ŰǰֲûɹǼǿɶǻ֪Էϵ׵ģҲͷ
ϯԨȤʣҴģĵʲô
⼸ֻ۳һһǮܶʲôע϶˲١
˿Χܼ濴Ϸ̽һ컨עӡ
ɶЩǲ
һָ˵ʵҲ࣬ĸӮһǱҡ
ĵĲС
ǻֵͦǮġϯԨϣάӦѾ飬˹ʣϣά˵˵Ķô
ϣά̧ͷʱɫȻָƽϯԨĻ΢΢ͷ
š
ĵ¡ϯԨտ˸ͷ
һ̬Ⱦ֪ԣƤЦ˵˭˭Ǳзݣܼͳ̽ġ
ԨôƽҺͰǷһ롣
ҴĵҿԲƽϣŵϣάˡ⻰ΪϣάƽЩԼӡ
ϯԨ֪ǰƢԴƳ治̫⣬ֻƳ潫ҪΪĴ̡
ǲ˵ʲôģɿǶϣά̬ȣ֪Լ̬һǿЦԲô޺
˵ģҵ¡ǳʹİˡ
ǸϯԨܸɴĵǸģҪȸղºࡣ
ϯԨ֪϶ԼǸѾˡڶϣάǸҲ֪ǲܵġ
۳Ľô
ղҿЦģǡҲҸı⡣Ŀϣάһɨ
ֻϲЩҰŪʵƷҴɾĴƳ棬ֲǲ֪
ɡϯԨͷʹ
˵ȥϣάָΪԼһ̬
ʼ磬ָѹѹʾԼ˵ˡ
ϴȵ𡣡̽ƨߵߵĴյߣݸһžЩı衣
ϯԨ£Ҳûַŵϣά
ʳ̽һû˵㣬һѰģǲǺܿİ
Ǯķϣϴ°ɡ̽Ͳˡ
ߣϣά㶵ĿƷһʱûӦ
ⲻܹϣάʵϯԨĶ̫Ȼûʲôԡ
ܼ濴һĻи˼

Ц¾ˣϯԨû˵ʲôܼˡ
ȻˣܵʲôɣȻҲ̫ˡ
˵ء
ϣάϣܼȫͬ
˵Ķԣʲô
þû桮ðաˣܼ˵ţЦÿԷ飬̽С
ãϲ˫ͬ
̽ɥ˵ܼ۸ҽһ𣿣Ϊʲô浱С
ѣҲˣϵҿ϶ҡܼû˵
㵱лãҲĺѿɣ˵һ㣿
ʾһ£㻹нгǱ𣿡
̽룬úҲͬˡ
ǺðɣҵоͲС
ҵпǻϸģҪҷˮǲܵġ
ϴˮСܼЦ
̽ԿϯԨӺ˵ϴ֪ҵġ
ˮǲܷˮģҴƸǰ˵Ҫع򡢹ƽ
֪ҲҪϯԨԶԣԼһ仰û˵أ̽ôͱġ
ǰͳ̽ʱͰѳ̼ҵһЩ׵ˡ
̼ǵ۹˾ϵͳڵģ仰˵ǳ̼Ǹٺͼٵļ塣ֻû뵽ǣһûʲôڸеĳ̽ⷽļ֡
̸ƽϯԨЩЦ
һߵĳ̽ȴѾȫ˷ˣСʱǺʹƸһ٣ϧû۳ġ
Ȼģˡ
ټԽԽᣬְҵļ֣Ҳֻʣ´Ƹ˵ô仰ˡ
ȻֻУҲܹ񫡣
ϯԨ̽ķӦɴ¶Ľ̽뷨¸ţǺйءΪʲô֪̽룬ǵȻǳ̽Լ˵ġ
ϴһȻҪʲôͷ
̽˵ȥҳһӣȥһġͶӰڵС
˵һϷ淨ȻɲҪ˵
ܼһʲô˵ģֲû
ϯԨˣû
ڳ̽Ľ£ڳΨһһ̫ϷϯԨҲϷ淨
ðϷĻðЩƣúһдˡѡ߱Ҫһλָһش⣬߻ش𲻳߻ܵͷ
ͷڵڶðաäѡ񣬻鵽ʲôĳͷȫдݷŽȥ
ֳҪԭΪͷһȾơ
ڳĳܼ⻹û꣬û۳治ƣܼԴ棬ϺϣάԴϯԨ
֪ôôѯʡ
֪ô棬ĺء
֪ǰһ뵽ԼαװǡԸĴƳ桯ѿڶĻʻȥ
Ǻ
ţҲ֪չôȻԼҪҸ뿪Ȼֻƾû취̱ķϵͳġ
۾һؿ˵£Һġ
ǰԨңÿζȵúһĴƳ³ء
£ϯԨͷϣάڿԼƺҪ֤仰١
ڱԼֺϣάתͷŴܼݡǻһϯԨҲһ竣ɵЩ޷ǾǺȾݴƳ棬Ϊ
ϯԨ
ϣάʲôû˵Ǹܵϣάһоڲе뷨
ǰǷԼϣά󹻲ˣҪһޱϷ治õӡ
˭˭ӮһɲҪǰˡϯԨһûģ
һ򱻼һϵ⻰˲ͺʹ˼ѪһƻһһԨɱδǰ
ϯԨ˳ڵġ
ϷѣԼûϣάѵԸһ
ϣά֪ϯԨʲô˼ղ˵Ļ
˵ǺʱϣάͲµĴ㣬Ϊǵú滹ķǳá
Ϸû
˭˵ûϣάϯԨʶߵϣά
Ǹϣά
ϯԨܿϣά˼֪Լ
õǸֻһҲġοԷ
Ҫ˵̫ȻͲˡܼϯԨִ˲ˣĬĬ⣬λѵԼɲܴ
̽óһƽݸǡ
Ѿ趨ˣǰõĳͷȥͿԿʼϷ
͵͵Ҳûãͷɡġ
ܹӰĸʣȻٺ١
һҪȻɴڽϷ̨ʱ򻹲ԼȨ
뷨Ǻãʵͺˡ
һֱҲֵĻᣬֻܱĽƽݸԼԱߵϣά
ϯԨȻЩϣάʲôûδ͵Ϊ
ϣάĶܿ죬һˡ
㡣ϣά˵
ϯԨһƽͷʩȥ

Ȼƽϴǵһ־ϴȿʼɡ̽˵
ƽϳһʼİť
ϯԨȥϵͶӰʼת
ڡתʮֹͣ
һ룬ֳڡ
ֻ̽˵ǹϲΪһֵ˳棬ϴŶ
ϴڿָ棬һ»߻شһ⣬Թѡ
ȻǾͻشһɡϯԨװ˼Ȼ׳׼õ⡣
ʲôʱ򡣡
ǵ˽ޣ̫ƽͲѰⶼʣ˴ŵȴν
ʹǰ֪𰸣Ҳ˵ǹġ
ûС治ɫĻش
ЦԨǹܰǳǿĽ񱣬ȥ˭Ҫһ
һ̽Цƽŵ
ǡʱ
˭̽ȥţͿվŸưɷ
£Ҫơ
ܼ˵ӦҽеľƵˡ
еҲ̫˰ɣȻҪˣ㿴᲻㡣̽СƳźüơ
Һȵ⡣ܼҡҡоƱ
ЩΪϺϣά׼ģ۳ȵľƶ˵ˮû𣬵ȻýЩʺϵĲС
һƿƿƱ̽ŵϡ
ϯԨ״˼ЩƵĶ²ͣƳ׼ģҲ֪˭Ϊһȵĵù档
Ǳ߰˰ťһֳָ
ϯԨû뵽ڶеľϣάϣάϿʲô
ղ˵ǵһ棬ҲΪ㡣˵°ͣǸǳĳ棬Ϊг𵱳ͱˡ
ϣάϯԨ׵Ĵ̣ϣά͵ϯԨ뵽ЦŶϣά˵һϯԨ־ˡ
ܼûסЦǲΪѣǱС
ϯԨľ֮ŵò㱻ˮǺڸʲôܲΪ˵һⱨԼȻ뵽ԼϣάǴĺ飬ô¡
ϣάıҲһͣû̻ش
Ŀ¶ͬ飬ϣάĴƳҲԸϯԨһġ
һ¶ѣǸòûԹɣ塣
Ҫô˵ôӡ
ðɣġܾϵ
ѡͷһڻƣϣάҲӦ˹
ϯԨüͷϣάѡ񲢲⣬Ҳܾ
̫ϧˡźֿ˵ԨֵĻᣬҲŶ~~
ϯԨˣֲǲ֪һܼ˵ŷֱǲĨ
ϯԨ޴Ƴ浹Ǽǣǣ˵ʵҾȫܡ
ϯԨԼǶǰ˽ˡ
ĵƹⲻý⣬ѿϱ顣
ϯԨΪǣϣάǿһ𣬿ϧϣάı鲢ḻֻܴϣάżŻе΢ϣͼ²ϣάʲô
ͺ
Ҫϣάܾ档
ǲϯԨôε£Żѡͷ
ϣάȡͷڿֵʱüͷûһ£ȥаյϯԨһɡ
ϣάľӦû
ϯԨ֪̾ԼͲôķһĽȥû뵽һкȾƳͷϣά
ԡ
̽һƿƣڴԼİٺı
ڸϣάݾǰ̽һϴȫϴûУϴ󵽵ڲںϣάֲȫĮӣԽ
ллϣάӹƱ
̽ǳ˳飬̲סҪǻСһıӰɡ
ϯԨԣ˳̽һĿ⡣
ⱭôҲ֪ϣάľô
һʵҲÿԽϷϯԨҲ֪뷨̫ʵ֡
ܼüͷһĵһϷôȵģô
ϣάôģ̽òǡ
ʲôû˵̽һԼղйĹȵɣ̱졣
ܼϲһ£ϯԨԴû֣Ҫܼ˵Ҫ⡣
ϣάǱһ㵹ɫ⡣
ˡ
û뵽ϣάôáơ
֪ܺȼ˵̫˰ɡ̡ܼ
ѡȨϣάϡ
ϣάѡ
һԵϯԨڹ۲ϣάӺȷûºŷġôϣάģҪտЩܼǸˡ
һƶϣά˵ȷ㲻ʲôȾƣȴҲһ
ֻǵһ塢ٵߵʱϣάûôˡ
ƹǳԵı־տʼ죬ǳǳĺο͸¶Щ΢αֻ濴࣬ȴֲûɫʧĵز
ô
ϯԨ˼ţְ̧ϵľƣˣٺȾ͸ˡ
ŸոտʼôͲˡܼҲ˼ƾһȫȶˡ
ûһ۹յϢѾ棬ھ͵Լˡ
ʱעϣάϣԼ뿪ʱ
ȥϴּ䡣˵
һȥղҲ˲١ġ
ǵƲʲôģҺܿΪ˿һȻʱ뿪


39 
ߵ̫, ع񣬸ղŻڵĴƳѾûˡ
뻹û׷ȥΪǰһĻȤ
ҳĻ, Ɑϣάܲú˰ɡϯԨûܼ
ԨҪ裿仰, °Ͳڵϡ
Ȼտʼʱ˵ϯԨһ׸裬ʵǶֻ֪˵˵ѡΪϯԨϲ
һϯԨָҪһ׸, ϯԨòĽھܾ, ͷȻϣάϡ
ֻܼ뿪˸ڣǲ֪, ϯԨ׾˵ġǺ֮衯û
ЩҪ, ҪǸոġ
ϯԨΪϣάȻϿڡ
һʱ, Ҫ˵ܼ, ϣάҲЩ졣
һٺȼûйϵġϣάϯԨղűֳĲ, ҡҡͷʾⲻҪæ
ȻϯԨû˵, ϣάԿܷ׼, ֻǺȼ, ԶЩõĶࡣ
οҲ, 治ܳͷϯԨȾǶôص¡
ϯԨóϣάӲţҲԼĿǡ
ܼ˵, ¶Ϸı飬ô˵ˣѵϣάô˵͸ıˣ
Ҳ, һ, ǶͶˡ
ǳô, ʲôѡϯԨ˫ֱ, վӸµܼԺһԼϴγʲôʱ
Ǿѵʱ򣬾ҲǸ裬Ӧûʲô⡣
ҾĿԴˡϵܼʼ硣
ϯԨҲΪϣάͷһҪһԭĻֻЩϣάԼӡ
˵仯Ǻ£ϣάҪǱֳ⣬Ϲ͡
ϣά̹Ȼȥһһƣ󲿷ֶΪԼϯԨ⻹ЩС
ĲǺ⣬ƳôΪ۳ôƴ
ȻˣϯԨҲóϣάֺԼ
ϣάֻΪԼӦ£˵ֳϡԼֻſſ۳ӣǵalphaʶomegaʿһ
뵽ϯԨǳһ¡
ǿƵ˵ϣάѾƷ¡
Ԩһγ裬УұҪĸƵΨ²ңԾͶԨߣЦһһĵĺܺÿġ
ϣάЩӵĿϯԨһ£Ҫ
Ц˼ôʡ
ϯԨݾܾĿ£ϣάջǷ˾ơ
ȻϯԨֵǲܼĹĶΪϯԨĳ㲢Ϊ
ϯԨǸѽţʱϣάϯԨԼ۳ûʲôͬеʱֻ¶ģ۳֮Ĳ졣
ܼкһǵýһݣֺʷôûء
ϯԨû˵浹ǳֲͬվ˵
ûô٩ϯԨ˵ˡ
̽һ˵ɶϴûҪҪһٳ
š
Ǻ֮Ľ಻죬˵ѺãҪ׼ӾЩˣ˵ϯԨֻһ顣
ϣάԼûĿһֱϯԨϣһԼûзֵġʶ׷
&
ϯԨȻڽһ̣Ѿ׼Ҫˡ
ֱǿþ͸ʣĿһӲѣһ軹ɤӣǳɹ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ʣµģֻˡ
ϯԨŻͲڵڶʱཥѾ
ʵһƬƵ󣬺һƬںϣһĹһ֧赸
ԭϯԨǸֱаɣ׸ôı档
ϣάЩ
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ΪܿЦأû뵽ϯԨ質Ĳܼȣһ档
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ܼһȥϾһģ©ʵ̫Ӧá
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ֿϺϷٶȿת۾͹֡
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ϯԨȴһ㶼ȣķ֮һҲ˵Ƕ֮һĸʣϾԼϣάû
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ôǺȾơ̽ͷųȡĳͷϯԨҲ֪𰸵ʡ
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ܼЦһϯԨϯԨӣ̧ͷ졣
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ʼ𣿿ǷԼǹˣϷŸոտʼ
ƵĶһܼȵµһԲԼ

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΢ҹưɵϴּһ䣬ǳأױ֡
ӿڴó΢͵ϹԣٽϾưڵ磬̧תһ¶ϵʯ΢ǵһ󣬽ԤȾúõͨѶƵ
Īףش𡣡ѹ
⡣
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Ī׺Ͱû֤ͨǲܿģֻܽڲ۵ĵطȻͽɽܿѲߵıԶѲ߻ִܵڵλá
ҵʱ䲻࣬뿪̫ãڰԭƻõĿʼж͸侲
Ī׿ű׶߽˰Χŵı԰԰ӦǱȥ
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ʱޣǶڲûΨһõǵϢһκڽõġ
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ǵļƻǣĪǱȻ취²һڲѲߵĻ
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ֻҪȡƺȨޣϵͳǿֹͣкôڵһзƾͶʧЧ
Ī׵ĶѸ٣Խüƻĳɹʸһ֣ĿܾԽ
ʹþٿ̫ӻԼһܹܿΧϵĵ
ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬Ī׾ͷ˽˱ڲĻ԰
ǰĵϣʱոպá
һӺ󣬻һֻԶѲ߻·Ϸɹ
ĪҪģڲֻ̱Ѳ߻
֣һоƬ
ͬʱģһͷĪ׳ֵλϻתţڿҪĪֽطΧʱתһսǡ
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һӺ
Ī׵ɹһܰԲΣȭͷСѲ߻
&
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΢͵֪ĪǱ߳ɹˣαװԼݴ롣
ʮʱ䣬ԼҪαװɺͶԷһģһݣȻĪ׷ſֻѲ߻Ȼûϵͳľȱˡ
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ڵͼһ·ΪɫĪܹǰٶȺԼϵͳٶȳȡԼҪȺڵ·ЩͷٸЩѲ߻ƿͬʱҪϵͳԣⱻֲԡ
ʮӹȥˡ
߸պڽϵͳǱ߾ͱͻȻһһϢ
Լ̫ˣѹϵԼ
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ܺȵ̫ˡڲĵ
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ϯԨ֪ĿϣάáǾƷãǰ˲٣ϣάȥ
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ȥϷеԽԽ졢ƿԽԽ࣬ϣάϷбĺһһ
ϣάȵľƶ̫ˣܼ˵ʲôרŸƳȵġڿ滹вԼġ
ֻܼ۳ǰ¶ɣֻڿ档
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ܼŻΪҪȸ࣬û뵽ϣάô
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ܼôģȴǵˡ
濴ϣάӣ˵ϯԨллҲŶԣȻôϣάģܼƤĹڶ򲻴ȫϯԨĿ⡣
ϯԨںԼϣάüȾһ˿ͣüԵĿܼ
˼ô
ܼ°ͣζ˵Ȼ˼
ҿϲ㣬ûǼ𡣡ԼϢûӦһϯԨ̫꣬˼ˡ
δ۳Ϣޣյ˵ϣάʶ¸֪ԼϢأӦϯԨԼֻѾ۳˲Ŷԡ
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غ۳⡣
ϯԨɫѿ⻹Ժ󣬵һַǳҪӵĳ嶯
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ܼȴû˵ĻЦļ˵ҵŶ~~
ϯԨӲˣȭͷӲˡ
лҪ˵
˽֡Ԫ֣ÿһնͶڡͶQAQ
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40 
ϣάԼŵЩ, ˵ζܵľ
ֻ̫ˣҪĸһЩ
ʲôأϣάʶġ, ҧ
Ȼ, ϣάſҧȥ
ŭܼϯԨֻóʹӦϣάԼʲô͵ذϣάƵһԡ
һٶܼǵע⡣
״, ֻΪϣά, ˸Բ˵Ԩܼǻ쵰, , Ǹ
ϣάƵˤɳ, ЩãȻ
ϯԨϱҧĶ, һĻɫò֪ϣάûʶղŶԼʲô
˵Ļ, ͷϻû
ϯԨۿϣάҪԼ, Աһ, ˵Ҫȥˡ
ֳǸý, ȵȡԨ˵Ҫȥˣô
, ϣάĶôô졣Ŀֻ࣬˵仰Ĺ, Ԩͱ˸ʵʵ
ʲô£ҰϯԨֵĶȴֱ
Ƴ治Ǻ˵, ֻһûעͱǯס, ϣάһβܹϡ
Цⲻð, Ҫ̽ȥ
, ôôԾԼֻ̽Լôû
ҡ첲Ҳû
ܼƵԵģʽֺǺǵ˵ôȤĳһҪѵġ
бһܼаԹʱ䡣
ɾϯԨͷܼһһεԼĵ衣
ǸöܼЦӯӯɡ
ϯԨѪѪӿҲָ֪ܼǲܵġˣһƬѣֻҪԼǾʲôǡ
Ҫģôһܴ֡
һ⣬֪ô
ϯԨЩѽ⡣
Լ棬Ϊʲôϣά˭˾Լ˵еϲˣڳȷʵֻԼϣάϤһЩ
Լŵμ棬ϣάȥҲôĴƳ棬⵽ô¡
ϯԨȫû뵽ܡ
ɵɳϵܼҲû뵽ϣάЧôãϯԨֵЦʮֿġ
ԼȵĺҲеˣ⣬ԼɲƺԡܼһУת۾뵽˽취
ǸղŲڣǲӦòϡ
һϻԼſھܾϣάˡ
˵ˣ϶ЩˣҾòٺˡ
û뵽滹Լķݣϣάǰ֮ڣԼǷ˲ŻӦ
־ƶԴƳ˵ҲڸߴȾƣԺҪüСʱȫлھƾ
ֻû뵽һܾΪӦϾӡǺϲ֡
鸴ӵĿŵԼǰ棬ȴסԼҪ߳ͷͷһ۳浲Լǰ˵ҪԼġ
ǣ㲻ỹһŪҰɣίͰͣȿΪǿ
ǻҪϯԨȴǲˡ
סϣάĺ󾱣һֻǿнϣάְ⵽ȥ
ϢôһˣϢĸˡ
ϯԨõСϣάΪʹüͷҲΡ
濴һϯԨڵķЦ˵ôأҲòýˡ
ôãõȼˡ
ֿˣٿȥͲǴ֣ԼҪˡ
˵ǿű⣬˭ڵһüŪ۵Ķ˵
Ƕ˵ˣܼû˵˰ɡ
ҲǱ֪ȡ棬ûܼǿǡ
ûüԼӹһ٣ĻԶʱ˾
ЦĪǻûء
ȥǲֱײǡ
żֲֳܱ
ǻȥû⣬ӣôȥָָĺԲԼȥܼбϣάܵϯԨ
ܰԨܿܣ˸ղһ⣬Ԩûжϣά֡
ǳĴһΪ˺Ѳûôϣάʵ
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ϴ㣬Ҵġ̽Ը¡
ٺٵϴϱûܲϴĳ̴̽ž졣
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ϴСĵ㣬ɩˤˡ̽ǰ·
졣
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ȻϣάƯĴƳ棬ǸıʯͷϴҲ̲סˡ
ϯԨû̽ʲôϣģڵķչԤе롣
Ϊ˱콵̵ϯԨһð취ȿԾܾܹάǺòһ
ֻҪԼֻϣάһֻƳƫ˳µġһƬɭ֡˭ķƳ棡
ԼҪľάֶϣάġƫϯԨܻ㡣
Ͼ鲻ӦûæһϣάҪæԸһڴӦ

ϯԨϰ뱧ϣά˵ͷ˲ֻ֣ܰסϣάԼ֣һԼڱԶռ˵Ĵ
ץֱ֣ǿбž룬ϣάЩˡ
ܡϣά˻Դս
ϣάǰɢɿͷʱܸӵס
ϯԨޱ룬ҲҿסȻֻ
ϣάԺһܺǰԼôࡣҪǺôƣҲŪǱɵֻ֪Լϴա
ҺԼ˱۳ֱǳ뻢ڣ֪ᷢʲô
εĽѵϣά´λҲҡ
˰ᣬȡ
谵ƹϣʱʱдƳ۳§§̬ǡ
˵ϯԨϣάӦò̫ᱻע⵽ʵǵЩڲһڷǳעĿ
ÿһ߹ĳ壬ᱻϯԨ
ֻΪϯԨϣάڵƣټϣάȫûֻĻ档пǵĳ棬¶ɫЦݡ
Ƴ뷨ձǡֻ۳桯Щ۳뷨ǡֻܳƳƯҲС
ڵİᵽҲͶʮ׵ľ룬һֱôţϯԨȴûһڶǸԼν
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ϴҪȻưɡ
ҪЩǵ۹⣬ó̽Լڸ㲻ס
뵽̽Ͻ˼ԼôԼԼءԼҲǸٻ˵ĽɫȵȣЩҲʲôĴʡ
Ӧûʲôơ
ǲȻţ̽ͷ˵

Ҳ̫аҲ̫ˡ̽˿ϣάߣֱȻһ¡
̽Ҳһ߳ͷ˵ˣǷһװϣάǺ
ȻŰɣӦÿԡ
˵˵Ǿߵ˵ǰϯԨڲ֣̽Ͻݡ
ܿͣǰʱҲûʲôˡ
߽ݡ
ȥһ㡣ϯԨŵ֧ϣά
ʵµûʲôܲסϣάᶯڡ
ұһֻûʲôһĳҧܸоֵֹġ
ͣ
ϯԨòװϣάƽԼµһ룬ͱϣάײ˸š
ؿһʹŤ
ԼôһϸƤСģˣƤ󲻽ײϣάôһֻƳײְһȭĸо
ϯԨø첲Լϣάм䣬һֻǿŹϡ
ûüɿֻһű˳ķ˿ԼյĴС
ϯԨʶͣס˶ʵ˵ⴥ
Ȼͱϣάѹ˸ʵϣάϲ㣬ֻ
խĳֳųĳˣñͲԣĿռСˡ
ϯԨֳԼģȻڴƳǰ۳ȷ֡Ĵڡ
㡢ϲ
ϣάĵૣ˵ϲ
ϣάҵλãʵʵﲻҶ
ܳ
ϯԨûסһ䣬˵ԼѾalphaûϢء
УϣάҲomegaҲ̫ˡ
ϯԨʶ²ۣ侲ķв
ȻͻȻ뵽۳ҲϢصģ˵ԴƳúAO֮ͬ廹δܻ꣬ôɣ
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ȿȣϴ𡣡ڼʻϵĳ̽ڶƳ
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ϣάؼҡϯԨ侲ǸƳѹ϶õ˲
ǣ֤񡣡
̽ĵĽмĵһϴҪʲôͲõĻᱻԼˣٺٹȻԼġ
&
ϯԨĳʻͣǰ

ܼѾȲҪȥˡֵĺܼ
ͣһҪչϡЩԸ
ͳҪߵ£ĻѾ˲ԼԭȼƻҪһϡˡ
ЩͷΡǣü¶Щܵģ
ǲǲˣæ꺮ůѾȫԺˡ
е㣬֪ǲǿո̫ƣθҲ̫ϡ
ܲܵȻȥҩ
ȻԡһڴӦ
Ҳ棬һ߷һ˵ǣҵչϣȻܼɡ
߸ɴҲˡ
û뵽㾹Ȼĳ棬Լƽʱк»ܼĥ
⡣
ܼûϵôû뵽ֱӰԼˡ
ԼողһĪ׷˰ţǸϽ뿪ı
һûܼȥĪǳ̫ô졣ϵͳĵĿȨԼһըע⵽ˡ
ʲôЩԴס
ΪôҲš
ܺһûãϲĴƳ͡İݾ裬ġ
ҲУԵЩռ
һֻҪҾͺˣ޹ص۳ȥ
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˵üͷ𱸵θղôӦȾƣôôԼ塣
УһҪϸļ顣
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ұ翪˼ҽԺҴȥǡ
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ϣȥĪסǻ͵ģڸô졣
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ۣȺ֣֪ҲǸûĵġ
ܼţŬʮ˵ǿǹûһ
ŶӦһûκηӦ
Ȼ绰һ崲棬㣿
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תҪߡ
ߣܼһͼˣֱɱﵡ
߳ȥҾͰ˵ȥ
ͣ½ŲǵЦʧת˵вҡ
ܼ˿̵ģƽʱϯԨǰʱ̫һ˸
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ܼ̾˵˵˻˰ɡ
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׷СһѣͷеΡ
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ҲܽͣϾϣάÿµֵһҲȲ
졣
ÿһ˵ǲҪˣֻô찡
ҿǲˣ⡭ܼһϲ˵ëֻ֪
Ҳܼղǡߡԭ
ٲ죬Ұӵϡ
һߡ
нıڡ
ʮǰ
Ī׺һͨһǰߡ
жͨѶڵķҲʧЧˡ
ӿٶǵĵصȥµԤȿȫ򿪡
ҲҪӦȨ޲ܹźԿףֻҪĵ豸һ̶ʧȥԭá
ӺĪ׵ڵλá
ٵıĺɵüƻûãǰ̫˿̵״̬㲻Ϻá
ɵĪ׿סڽУǷڵϵĴƳʱɵĿѡ
ѡ
ңˡĪ˵ţҪȥš
۾ľһĻæֹ
𶯡
Īʶͣ
㻹ôȾ
ģЩµġĪΪĵ
иǿȵĵ1086ܿأղŻʶ£Ҳͺͨ˵ʱࡣ
ǿ˵ġ
Īһ㶣1086ʲô
[1086ǶѼΰӴ(ޣգ)~٣]
[ߣ㲻Դ10861086ġ]
Բ1086Ž壬ӵĹ³һ࣬ʮֺǵûȥӽĪס
ϲ֪ʲôʱһֻ֣ʱץһǹλεָĪ׵Դ
1086Ц
[źϲū˭Դ1086۾͵ߡ]
1086ĵϳһQ۾ֱֱĶĪףװɰĻе˵ȴвĻ
[ҪҶ¿˲7ǹ䱬Դ]
һʱ䣬սסˡ
룬ţĪûаڹ1086ͬʱ㿪Ĺ
лҪ˵
˽ֽ֣ߣֵ֪ܲ°񵥡
ϣ̣߰
psдĳ˳ģҪ춼ͺ_(:١)_ֺٺ



41 
Ī΢΢һ, ڶϵĶﴫ˰򽹼
ҵûСҪˡ
ˣ1086ǹҲƶ׼ʼ׼Ī׵üġ
ҵ, ȴ·, Īû̻ش
ĪףĪףش𡣡
ˣĪ侲
ʲô㡭հѡô, ⡭źŸšء
һʲô, ܹϵ˵ˡ
С
ǺòײϢܰȥ, Ǳʲô壡Ī׵Ŀ1086, һķ
ԼǱѾ, ´λûлᶼ֪, һһҪȳ
ӦԼ
Ϸ»Ŀ˵ʲôҲܾô, Ī׵䡣
һ̫, ڵʵֻܷӳһ롣
˽Ī, һ֪ʲô
Ҫ嶯, 㿴ڲǻúõô
ҲкúõģĪװγذ, ²廹á
[ﲻã1086Ǻĵչˡ]1086ðһ仰
֪Ϊʲô, 1086ûһ
Īף뿪
, ҪľǷӡ
ҪĪ뿪, µľĪ׹ִߡҪĪ, 롣
ΪʲôҪǷ㣡, 챻µıҡĪҧŲüй
Ըġ̾˿
Ҷ˵üֵµġ
ϺĪ׵ĶĤ
Ǿ豸Ҳû취ȫڲõźװã϶ŵıķĪ׸ˡ
ԸȴԼǰΪ
֪Լ˼ˣ˵ҪĻ÷ĸơ
˵жأǶˡ
ҲҡЩһ㶯ҡĪ׵ľģĻѾԼвĪ׷ˡ
ǰûҪǡ
Ī˫սȭ
[мʵ¾źϵ߼]ԭһֱ1086ؼʴ˷Ӧ
[С]
ȷӦĪ׵ߡ
˵Ļû¡ĪҲڲԥʱһˡ
ǲģ
1086еǹ֪ʲôʱСͻͲϸСĻеֽͲԲ壬ֳǰٻ׷ĪʧҰ
ʲôֻ
һ1086ԲӰ³֣еĻͲѾʧ
1086ڽǽϰ˰ǽ˲Ϣһһֱӽ⴦
[ľ״̬]

ܼɳϣתߡ
ɳϣܼͻһһϵ˵Ż
һ·ܼʮӣ˵ġ˵ȫ⵹汻ȵһ·Ͱ
ҿܼĽȻ·ֱӰܼӳȥ
ڳٱԵ̽ٶȻص̤һʱͷ˲ԡ
԰ûյκϢܲͬѰ
1086ǸֻҪԼÿζᷢӭϢ
첽ߵ¥ݱϣеµĵݻǺõģԺ뿪ʱһ
һɫĩֻ1086ϲеģۼһֱشĲƺϡ
ɫۿɼû͵ģͷһαóѵġ
ֻ֪ܼ˵󻰵İ׳ղţ˵ϵͳж»أǱɵĹˡ
Լ뿪мŶʱ䣿뵽ԼʵѪûˣܼĶˡ
ǵһһ˭ܡ
ĵ±Ϳգ²ǶܻأңҲʵƷ̤ĳһֶֻĹ
ϵͳüͷ
ǽרʵƷļΣʵƷʮ޵ûװʱҲǹֻ
ֻб±ŵġߺšǰɹ1086
ڽоʱͿǵδܻƵʱϵͳ
һԿƣһ1086ơ
ϣ1086ҪԼʧȻ͸ñԼӽٻ¯Ǽ䵱ñա
ǽһ任ԭڳ֡
ȥͿǽߵ1086ԥһ1086Բƨɡ
1086ƨиԲεİťһаť
[ģʽȡɹ]
[ˣӭ]
ڿߺŻʱһ֣ϾۼֱߺģҲ˵ԼЩϺͱ걾û¡
ǲеҡ
ӵ˵㿴ңôġ
[߸ɵģҪɱߺţ1086˵ʵƷʧ]1086ĽתȦȦί⡣
׼һŵĶͣ1086˵ġߡȤ
1086֮һķ书һܻе壬ΪԷһԼʵң1086ûвա¼ɨȹȴǳǿ
ߡ˵
[õģˡ]
ĿбӵĴǰ߹
⻹ǿȵߺŲˣԲͷ
ҪߺţȫƻΪ1086
ֻ1086Ƶʱ򣬾ܵݡǿȥ۵Ǹðϴ죬ӲҲһߣ1086ûôס
뿪ıӰ˿ĪѾ뿪ˡ
Ī˵ĻȫƭȷԼơ
ڰǰŴӸ߼Ʋ۾һ˲һ˫ƺɫ۾
˫۾վƲİ׷۳档
Ǹһ㲣ʱע⵽˰׷۳ϵһĨϲãƺΪԼ
֮͵رУ1086ǸʱҰУչһͺ͸ϡŹֵҩ
ôѯ1086߳۳ʱʣûеõһεĻӦ
桯ֻǲǰ۳Լ˵ģƺ
ȻʹɻûеõӦżѪĹ۲УԼҲһ˽⡣
ֻһϡеʵƷһֱûʲôΪڵԼָԽо

˹ͼׯ԰ڣ̽óڵ壬һ
ϴûУǵˡ
ˡϯԨͷ
ʵĺԼʲôһڱάƵʼٸֲԼ
´ֻҪԼڣϣάͱմơ
¶ϯԨ̼ɫ
ɫĺѿѵԼ̫ˣûϴ㹻ʱ䣿
̽װûעƿߡ
˹ͼؼҵĹܼҴƳ򿪳ź󣬿ľԼҴүϯ۳ϵĳһʱԼôٵһš
æϯԨһ㶼ֻ֪Ƴʲô
ϣάȥ
õģϯԨ¡ܼҴƳæסϣάĸ첲Ҫϣά
ϣάʵ۾˫գգֱӻӿܼҵ֡
͹ܼ֮ȥûдӾƾѹĴԣϣά˼Լȫע
ϯԨͫȫûϵϣάԼ¡
̽ԲۣǺô󵨡
ܼŲĿ⣬һ
ϯԨǺһЦûǡ
Ϊ˷ֹϣάʲôڲٵ£һ˵ÿԼ
Ҳ֪ϣάԼ˭ˣϯԨɲԼôϣάԼһ顣
˫ִϣάļϥ£ֱӰ§ԼϣάĶԷǳɣ±ŵ˱Ҫ߼֡
ڶˣһ죬ҲùܼҴ·ϯԨԼϣάķȥ
վڳԵĳ̽ʿˮһ䣺ϴǿ
ȻƳ涼ϴʲôʱôˣɵӡ
ҪȥôҸ·ܼ΢ЦԸղŷһĻ޶á
һĹܼңǲÿı𿴣Ҳû
˲ˣҾϴ̽վܾ꣬Щԥ
ˣһǽȥɣҲ֪Ҫȶá

¥ϣάķ䡣
ϣάֱܹߵ˭ϯԨܰ֡
ϯԨĶûôˣϣάӵϣ·ɿñӰϣάɲӼס
ðЩϸ
ϣάͿʵϸеһֲ٣ʱһԼҲЩԲ
ֻǱϣάУͷѵӡҪӱ
ϯԨһűԼס𽥰ϣάЩϣά
ڿǹˣΪԼͻǰԼƷ¡ֹԼڳ̽Ǹʲô
³ʱ˹ͼؼҵĹܼҺ˶һĻȻ⣬ҲǰæɢЩܵ˵ڱףԼռˡ
ϯԨ˴ϣάգϣάһǣܾԼϻĸо
һ˵һ촽ͦġ
ϯԨϣάɢָ
͵Ұ㱧ıˡ˵ţõ
ɫķ˿ЩеָһϯԨЩ֡
ʱһ
͵͵ϯԨսģ⶯ֱϣάͷϣάĳʹЩĿɿ֡
ϯԨ£ܹƵҩ
ʱڲֹţʱŰڣܿվĹܼҵͷûԿ򷿼
ϯԨ߹ȥվſڵʱѾָƽʱģ
ǽƵҩҪҽȥϣάүעôܼһҽҩС
ϯԨӹۣҩעܺŨĽҩ
ڿϱĸúͻĲʺҩеݸܼңˣϢ
ϯԨ۽ƳûԼѹƣҹϣάԼӦϣάһ᧿Σ
ʱ䲻Ҫ
һ£ˡ˳Ƴ˷䣬Ϸš
һϣάԺ˸ӿϣάƽʱӦ÷ǳѹԼʵԸ񣬲ȻҲ¶ס
ֻǣʵԸƺЩԼȻ˽Ƴ
ô˵ͻˡܼ
ϯԨȻֿ׵棬Ӧһ䣺ʺ˹£ҾͲˡ

̽ڳˮ͵ؿ˺ü£ŰѲ㿨ɤĹ³
ϴôôˣһΪ
Ϊʲô̧ۡ
ûʲôûʲô˵ɩϣάû°ɣ̽˵滰˵ıѾ¯࣬ע⵽ϴ񲻶ԣĿڵٶȷǳ졣
ϯԨȻһֻ۳ϣе˼顣
󿴵һĻĹܼҲʮ̾Ϊֹ˭Ŀ޳潾԰۳棬ֵز
û£˯ˡҲ˯ˣ˯಻̫ãֻҪԼ׾ͺá
ŶŶŶ
ͳܼ̽ͳȥ
ϯԨ׼ͳ̽ȥôҲԼһ·˾
ڣ̽ڸʻ¶һĽʧԹģ
ϴ˵Ҿôû𣿡
ô˵ڻһ䡣
̽ԭЩ˼˵Ļ󣬶ʱߵ
С΢ôԼӦнڷҡ
ϲҴ³ҾѧţϲҾͲ˸ϴǣ۳붼ƵˣȥҶûȥ
ϯԨ֪̽仰ֻһʼֻΪ̽Թͻ죬û뵽ԽԽҡ
һȥѧϰ찡ϴ𣿣ѧϰҴСԶְ
㶼ѧʲô̽ĻȤ
̽ŤŵĶ˵ѧôһʲôҶᣬһᡭ
ǴΪʲô۳滹оȡ
Ҳֻǳ̽ûˡ
ѧҲûãϲ㡣ϯԨ޿̵Ĵϳ̽ĽϸԼһȤûС
ϴ˵Ҫôֱװһѹġ̽
ϯԨѾǵһδӳ̽С΢֣óĽҶ΢ǴƸͶԳ̽ûȤ
ǴϲɣС˵ĴƳ治ңǴƶǡ
̽ĹϵԣҲļ̽򹷡
ΪڵϺܳڳϡٵķëǡֻ̽۳涼ˣֻǴƻǶûȤֻ˵ֻǴƶһ㷢չ˼ûС
ǴƳ棬³̽δ꣬ǴƳԸꡣ
ƶٵ״˵˶ᣬ֪ˡ
ҾϲС΢
ЩгС΢ǰ˵һȻС΢Ųܾҡ̽߷߲ƽ
ϯԨͲˡ
׼˵ͱ̽ڵĻ˻
ͻ鰮氮Ҹܼ찮Ƴȥ棬һϲ۳ƳһƢϲĥƳµϴ㡪
ʲôˣҲǶԴƳ̬ȲϲƯǴ
ҲǺɫƾʲôͰǸɵ¶Ĩϡ̽ԽԽȴԽԽί
С΢ԺѾˣûǴһۣ
ϯԨ
˺ɫƢ⣬㻹ûӡ
ôᵱšϯԨ˵ϯԨĻԼʱ俴Ǳֵ̫ˡ
ϯԨһԲǱ̽ˡ
ҵȻָϴ㣬ܼǡ̽ڷе㲻ԣڨЦš
Ǵ˵ΪʲôϲûС˵
û˵̽һ㶣ʾ֭롣
Ǿһһֱйǰɡϴǰʲô˵̽Ҳѹû뷨ϾǰҲͦĵģйܶǴƶ󡣡
ϯԨˡ
̽ǷòԶɧòԶõġ
̽˵˺ܾãϯԨҶЩݵûʲôģֻûȤ̽áǴɫɫ۳ʷ
˵طһŽ̽³
Ҳȳ̽ѸٹϳţһŲڼϣԼٶȴ˳ȥ
ϴôߵô죿һû˵ء̽վ³λã¶ãȻ
ȷӦԼ˺󣬳̽۵һ޳
ϴˣϱ˾Ͳֵܻؿշأ̫ɶˡ
ҪȥعֵֹΪ
쳵ϡ
ϯԨ˸磬û⡣
ŻؼҺҪ£˷һʱ䣬ϱҪС
лҪ˵
֮ǰ˵X100Ӹ1wȻĳɹˡĺÿ°ƱǼӲ¸°ءЦЦžͿˡĩͳ¸µծռܻ_(:١)_



42 
ϯԨ, ֮еֻССڡ
ʱʱ䣬һԹ¥ȡ
벻ǵ˵绰, ѯǲǸС̵ǼϢ, ٵõȷд𰸺Ҳû˵ʲôʹͨ
ϯԨ֪ڽͨ󣬰ɫЩÿ
, Ǿʲô, ü
ϯԨվ̨϶塣
ÿһλȭþȫȭת, Ŵ, һϡ˫ǰ, ʵָֻһЩ
һߡ
˹ͼׯ԰
ϣάķ
ƾʱ³, Ժļȴûʧϣά۾컨, ԼԺʲô, ޲Լȫǡ
̫Լ, һκô, ߹Լľ
ϣά̧ס۾, ôϯԨľٶԺϯԨôԣϯԨƾܿܵķӦֱӱԼ, ϯԨܾԼӲ
һ׮׮һ㹻Լڸɽȥϵ£ϣά
ԼϯԨԸʾ, ǵĻ, ǿ/һֻ۳, 㹻нͷ, ҪϾ·ͥ
뵽ԼϯԨ£ĪЩᡣ
ϯԨôôӦûаɣеĻǰӦƲԼ
ϣάǸˣҲ֪ϯԨû¡
Щᣬ˼ȥϣάάԼϯԨϵõİ취ǼװԼǵúȾԺ£
ϯԨεð취ԼϯԨá
˾ϣάЩ
ǵúʱ򣬺񿴵֪°ô
ϣάûмȥϵǰԼõģǱκεķֶ취֪ͨԼ
⼸ûԼϢӦûҵʵʱ
ٵ죬ûϢԼϵ

졣
ϯԨ˰£ȴҲû취ˡ
ڱܾκϯ̲סɱץȥҪ˵Ŀףи߰顣
ϯʱǳæµԭϯԨΪϯĻʽָ飬ϵϯĲûΪԼ
ΪϯûзԣϯΪϯҵ룬ֱնࡣ
ƽָû⣬ֻͬʱҲһӣǽָķŴ档
ȻϯûиϯԨɲٻǰϦŪʲô¨ϯԨƢҪ˳;·Ҳûпܵġ
ЩȫڼϯԨᳶ˳ڿӣ̫Щ
ϯжæҲ֪ģЩԭԼȫϯϣ⼸Լæڹ˽
ϣάûҪҪôϣά
ĳҵģ涼¶ˡϯԿȻûԼ˵ķϵӣЩûѵ⡣
Ҳ߸ϯԨʼ硣
ϯԣ߸ҲøߵƯƯԲܳ
Ҳ˵ˣ˰ɡĸϯԻһ
ϯƤֱסҪѿڶŭ𣬰˰
ϯԨϢߣȥһ·
᳡ϯļ顣
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ϯתͷ˵ԨߣӦȥϢˡ
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ţ鲻ôϯ΢΢ü
ܶ鶼ԸңϾҺǡ˵˶٣˵ҲЩܰɡ
ѾϺܶˡ
ϯԿ⼸ϯԨ˵ǿǰϣһʼƵҪ˳١
ˣȥԨЦЦǸ˵ˡ
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ϯԨĳׯ԰ھٰ죬ƺϲõڼʹõ᳡ڲ
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ûκʧȷֻԼάŵЦʧڴߡ
ϢڸеĶһȱ׼õ·γţ滹һ䵥ҡ

ī̴ɫŵϢڡ
ϯԨͣ첻һǴͷš
Ӽͷһô֣ء
ƵĴƳͷһöµĶοĶϣ֦ҶƵ״һֻϸСĺΪһĺɵͣڶλá
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ϯԨ£Ѿˣ۾һЧô
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һϣάһomegaԼǰ֪ڣԼҲһΡ
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㲻Ҳ˵ģô˵ҺϯԨҲѡ
ôˣʽҪԣܼȻ֪
ʱû¡ϯ˵
ͳǰԼʱϯԨǱ״̬ɳȥ鿴Ҳ֪
һκʹƳϣ۳붼ƲסʽܹһЩ۳澫ıûܹʼ۳桭ܲܰȫȹǸ⡣
ԭϯΪϯԨܣ֪ܼ˵ĺı뷨һԤııݡ
***
Щ۵ĹϣϯԨ˶۾
ԼǡѡˣռеıѾƽȥЩİձľɣתԼ˺ǹԼƿصľ
ƫͷڿϣάĲʱŷԼ˭
§ŵĴУŹ⻬ļϯԨһԼҪĴǿ̫ʹƿҲ֪ʲôû
ϯԨͫ׵
׵˹ʶеļ䡣
ϯԨ嶼סˣ졢񡭡ԺеĻɿϣάԼڴϡ̺ǿ̵ĵ´ӿ˳ķӡ
ǾԼϣάϵõģõĻַ
Լô£ֱʧǡ
޷˵ǣǸԼѹƬУԼϳϣάȴûֹͣ
ϯԨ֪ǲȫԼΪܹҪϣάʱϣάԼͺͷڵomega֮alphaһ
ǸʱԼûʶ˵ﻢȫƾж۳ıܣǱʶΪԾΪЩڲڸԼĻ¡
ϣάûѡ
ջ֣Զϣά
ӱ䣬¶ϣάļ羱µĺۼ˵ɵĺ¡
ӵǿָĴƳ涼źۼ֪ʱԼжޡϣάӲιȥϣάôԼĶͣǸһԼ
϶۳ı֡
ϯԨƿĿ⣬´ȹϲѲܴ·
䷿׼·¹ó·ϡڴ¾￴Լ󼸵ָµץֻۣǼǳǳĺۣƤûơ
ϣϣάˡ
ϯԨ̧͵һԼĶͷɢԺЩ컻棬̫Ǹˡ
顢ΡڵͷŬ侲˼¡
ܾﲻԾ
ʱѾǵڶ죬ϵĻƱȻغʽȱԼǣȡˡ
ԼһֱþϯԸöʯһʼúõģ˺ھͲܿˣһǱŵ
ɫԼľɫ屾δھмȡ
ãγս
ϣάľڱԼľƺȴܹǹɺɫڣ˳ԼܽѹԼġ
ǳöʯϣ˵۳궼ˡ
ϯԨʶѰңľſ
ڴס
һֻɵĽʯ˳ױƵþٵǰ
ٿؾ˵ͺˮһ򵥣ʹָ˳ȴϯԨ־ϲɡϯԨԺûа쵽ġ
һԼľ̾ͷԼٿؾ޴EȼﵽA
ϯԨΪҪʱ䣬ˣҲЩ仯
Ȼע⵽¾еԼ
ϯԨָ۾ԼϸһǳǳĽɫ
һ£ʶĿƺǲɫȥ¶ڵͫס
ϯԨЩ⣬Ǿ۾ıɫֻǾһֵ̫ˣ˵Ӧóϡ
һ3Sʱ۾ɫҲˣȷŵĽɫ
ľҲA3sԶ
ϯԨһ˿еʯûκα仯
ûпϯֽţ뷨ճ־ͱˣϯûôĶҲܻô
ΪĳϯԷѾ˼Ҫãĳϯûô
ϯԣôѵ⣬ֱⲻܻ⡣
ϯԨ飬и̷
ʹʯôΣյĶ۳棿ϯԲһѶûС
ϯԨ˽۳幹죬쿪ľһ۳ľģ澫ҲУҪһ쿪پռ䡣
ʱ򣬾ӡЯžռǰС
ڳǰϯԨûио֮ԵĲ죬һֱ߿һ
׸оߵĲͬ˵̥ҲΪ
Լľô죬۳ʱ򿪷Ѳ˹ϵ
пܺԼԶһ۳ƿйأҶ֭ʹ˳۳泣ǵľ޹ԣҲ׿ơ
ϯԨһۻûѵϣά뵽ԼϣάΪЩھΡ
ΪѹǺɫϣάĺеľϯһգҲϣάûԭ
ߵϸ˿ȷϣάֻǻ˯û˿
ǸϯԨϣάҴҴӡ
ٽ֮⡣
ϣάȫǱԼ۵ģ۳ϢضԴƳ˵omegaϢضalphaջ
ϰϢأټǰϢصŲûôû뵽ϢظܿƣӰ쵽ϣά˵Լȹϣά
û뵽һʻԼϡ
ϯԨǺһЦ£ԼϢغһҲʲôֵóԾء
뿪䣬߳ȥϢҵš
ϺüδͨȫϯԴġ
ϢһϯԨͿվſźûĴƳ档
ϯԨ¡Ƴ濴Ҳһ㶣Ӧ
ϯء
ԼһǰʶʽȡֱӻǼӶԼ˳ϯԨ⣬˵Щ
ھҪ
ȥ֪ͨϯԸ£ŵһ
ϯԨϢҵɳ£˵ĵ˾ѣ˵ϯԻ̸ǵˡ
ϯԶԸ˳Ļ֣һҲ޵
ʽȡԼϯǰûӵȴϯԡ
ϯԿȥɲǸȵ۳棬ô˵ԣӦ˵۳ͺ͡ȡմߡ
ȻԼǸ۳棬ǡҲǸȵˡȻҪñ׼

֪ܼ£û
û뵽һ˯Ѿͱ֪ܼͨ˷£˵ܺϣ˵ܸܺҩҪҿҸշԼ˸Ƴæ⡣
һƳ£Լһ
ܼȭͷᣬܺڵϴͷ˵
ˣǵ˴ùӡ
֪Ͱӳȥ
۸Ҳܺ氡ܼǱҪܵĿ죬ҪԾͱ˯»µĽ
ܺܺ
ܹҰҲûܾ໡۸򰡡
Թۣ찢άµݸϣάǱ⣬뺦ϣάԼˡ
ϯԾסܺӣ㻹ʲô
ûûʲôܺͷһؼϯֱ飬͵Ĳ֪˵ʲô
ɿսΣջ
ߵܺǰӸϣάʲôǲǰάôġ
ͰάʲôϵܺãȻ
ֻҪһܼ˳ۡ
ءע⵽ܺϣάʱܲȻ
۵λܺȻ۳棬ȴȲ£ټǰ˵µ׺ϯԱ߻
ܺʿˮֻBܲסSƳѹסѹ˵ϯϯԨ˳ۣҵ鷳
¿ܺû˵ѡ
Ͱάûϵšüš
ȥƸϯƣ۸۸Ҳˡܼ߶㣬Ӵܵ˵Ϻÿ
ϯԵɫȸղŸѿˣܺĻϯݵĽɫʲôϯԨҵ鷳ܼȥ˯ϯԨնĴ̣ⲻǸϯԨñ
ϯԨأûжʲô
ûУΪʲôҪϯԨʲôܺ͵ҡͷٴҲϯԨ֡
ϯԨ֣ǲǴϯҵ˲Żô
ʱϯԵĴƾ߽µĴƸ͵ܵܡ
ϯԲòֱҵļ£˿ֿ˿ǣʱͻȻ۸ˡ
Ҫ۸ڣԼͲεĳ档
ϯԵĴƾ˵һ仰³һǿָЦݡ
ϯԨˣǸϢ
ܲҪĵطú̸̸ǡ
ϯ˵뿪ңĵĴš
ԼĴƾ˵ȥϯȥ鷿۸
ܼϯϣάܼ֣ȴܼ£ܺԭļƻϯ˿
ֻϣάܼ̫ˣҪǶһͱֳţ۳һ̫ЩɶҲӰ졣
ϯϣάҩûܼϯԨ¾˳ˡ
ϯԾԼƲû⣬ܺ
Ϣڡ
ϯԨϯ˵Ļϯܺ۳ӽԼĺ
ҩֻô򵥣
ܺ˵ϯһѷĩ״ҩϣάϣҩﲻ̷ֻ۳Ϣ㹻Ũ²ŻӦ
ѹϣάе㲻񻰣ԭΪĲֹԼһΪƳ۳涼ڿԼˡ
ϯܺ㣬ϯԨŭɶҪԼǰǴ䡣
Լû鷳ǵ
ܼһһϯ۸Ҳ֪ˡɫƣϯԿο˵һܵѵ
ѵϯԨЦ
ѵ㹻ԼԳָһĽѵ
ϣάҲܺߣ㲻Ҫ̫ϯԵĻû˵꣬ͱϯԨˡ
ûп
öʯϯԻ
ȻᣬΪʲôô롣ϯһ㶣ͷǿʯ㵵ȵȣΪʲôû仯
仯ʲô仯
ϯԨüû˵ʲôͿϯվ󺰣ҽȥҽ
ԼԽȥ״һ֪ӣȴֲòܡ
ڱͷһҽóһۡ
ܺϯԨûɳʽйأϯԨµ岢û⣬ҲҪȷļ顣
ȥлҪ˵ϯԨͷ
Լûڸʵʱ
ϯԼ״ڰ֣ҽȥ
ʲô£
ϣάǰҾˣһҲѲϯԨöʯţЦ
ԭ򣬾Ϊ˵ģþϰⶫ
ôܡϯ뵽һ
ΪֻϯԨһЦ赭дһ仰֮ҵϢʧˡ
лҪ˵
ٺʱ½Ƚ϶࣬ǶΪд껹Ͷʩ֣ʮܶ༸ǧ
ôôѼ



45 
ӵ͸, ԼԼ˯ϣάУֱЩɵ˯⡣
֫Щҵļ䣬ϣάܵʲô
û취˯ȥ, ߿˵λøϯԨˡ
ϣά޴, 췢²ܹϯԨԼҲһΡ
Ծҧס촽Ƴܾ۳, ԼϯԨϢӰ졭֮ǰ, û۳ϢػԼôӰ졣
ϣά·ϵĲе, һƵĸоǹ졣
²ϸ, ϲĺۼҲǳ, ɫȻĿϵ, ¹ݲԼ·ϡ
ϣά·žеԼּʹӿ۵, ҲԾڲסĺۼ
, ܾȥ
õǰ, ڷ˿, Щۼסò
ϣά˿, ߵſڽ
ŵһ̣ϣάϯԨ
Ϣʧˡ
ϯԨüͷ, ϯ˵ִŭ˵ҵϢʧˣϵᷢ
ԼϢʧص·, 粻Լ϶ֽ, ôϣάҩҲ, Լϣά¡
һ, ϯԨװƤ뷨
ҡ
ϯϣάҪ˵ͱˡ
Ϣʧܺ㡢ϯûϵһбĳģҰҳ
ңǣ붼ôˡ
ϯԿǺߵӣǳ鴤⻰ǲ˵ԼҲܱ˭Ҫܵ
ûʲôϣάûûģͻȻŪϯԨ˼
ϣά
ϯԨһҭϯǲʴˣôö˶˵˵ϣάϡ
ľϣά֣ǻлطġС
ŵϣԸǱȣڶϣάºڶӦúö˶
ǿȡҲǣҩºҲԸ
סԣˡ
ϯԨԼƫ˼װͷӣûסϯԵ졣
ҪҪס
ϯ˼ĵͷ˵ԭϣάҪ
ʼϯץصˣڵصô
ʲôϯԨ˵
֮鲻Ȼϯû˵ϯԨgetϯԭµ뷨
޷ǾǾǰֻ۳棬֪ü޻ŴƳϴҸ㡭ǺǣǰӡϯԻֲ²Ҳ
ϯԶϯԨϤҲ࣬ϯԨ곤ʮͷḻоϯԨϣάֳôӡ
۳ôɣ˵ȫ˼Ժע鲻˳
ԺԼʲô£ϯԨԼ鷳ˣԽùԽá
ϣάվˡϯţֶ̧к
ϯԨ΢ϲм
ϣάԼʱϣά˯ڲŹȥãôѹְϷҲָԼϵ
ϯԨŽţһү̬ϯԵıֿ
ֱŲϣάڶ
ϯԸ£հ
ϯԨ̽ŵĶһ٣ϣάˣô졣
ƫͷȥѩĿ΢΢񣬴Ķҡҷ
ˡϯԨڷЩԣĿڵʲôʱѵģ
ϣάһˡ
ϯü˵һ䣬ʾղ˵ʱɡ
죬ϯԨһϯԣʮϣԷܱ졣
Լ˵ʱϣάˣ˶٣
ϯԨΪԼ۾ı仯֣ȫ˾ղżʱǱ۾ʹõľҲûһʼͷϣάԵʡ
Ǳϯ˵꣬ͷԼĴƾϢôϯԨŭӡ
㿴ϯҲϣһ߶ϣά˵һָָߵλá
ϣάѾ֪ͨ۸ǡ
ȻǾ͵ˡϯԺɫ˵ϾᷢԭϯϣϣάȫǱϯԨ۵ġ
ϯԨ֪ϯʲôϯüͷ
ԴϣάϯԨͺܲڣĵǴЩϣά
ϣάûϯԵߣ΢΢ҡͷ˵һԱ߰ɡ
ϯԨֱӸ죬ץסϣά
ڷӦԼʲôϯԨЩˣϣάʱӲͷƤ˵˾䡣
¡
ϣάûʲôΪʲôҪԼҪҲӦԼ
ϯԨ벹ôǸ⡭д붼Լ˦ǰΡҲԼһϣά̸̸ϣά뷨
ǿġϣά˵
ʲôǿԼǿôϯԨ⡣
ɳԼϯԣﻹпŵġ
ûǿ¾¡ϣάһ£û뵽ϣάһ㷴ӦûУֱӱĵԼԡ
ϣάɫ΢䣬ֳţĲʡ
ôˣע⵽ϣάЩԡ
û¡ϣά֡
ϯԨһգԺԼ־ϣά
ǲ⣬Ӧ˶ˣĿϣάϡ
ǲϯԨʶĿ
ʱҲ˲ϣάǲǰԼɫåҲûٹֵĶˡ
ȿȡϯȣʾԼ
ϯԨסԼĶֱϣάԶһЩע⵽ղԼĿϣά
û¡ϣάԶ룬򴽡
˵û£ϯԨϣάĻһֶšûǵʱжݣֲ֪
ϯԨϯԣ˼Ÿʲôɸֻе㰭µ۳档ϣά⸱˼ӣ֪ϯԼû취ϣά
ˡ
ģ
ϯԵ
ſˣȳֵϯԵĴƾ
˹ºĴƾˡϯԵĴƾ˵ţÿλøĶ˹
˹ɫѿŭߵϣάǰ
ϯԿĺͶ˹кŴһ¡࡯ʱİŭĻ
ϣάֱļߡ
ϣάĬǰһĻϵˣǳԼ
ϯԨüͷĻЩ
ʵѾˣôָϣάǲǹЩ
ҡϯԨտ˸ڣͱס
Ȼ۳飬û۸棡Ӹ£һ˵һֳϣάȥ
ϣάȻû뵽ᵱô涯֣㡣
ǧһ֮ʣϯԨҲûͽϣάԼһϣάǰ
ȵȣ
ž
ϯһ䡮Ҫû˵꣬
һ˲䣬ϢҶ
˹˹ͼ𾪵ʧԼĴƾԼӵˡ
Լ֣Щ㵡
ϯԾˣ۳汻ѣƳѣԼȥôѵһ
ֻ۳滹ϯԨҪˡ
ϯԨֻһʹķ飬һ治С
ͷͿ㶶Լϣάû˵ôôƶ˻㡣
Լһ²˵ôʹǷġ
ϣάҲû뵽ԼкЩ¶Լûע⵽Ĺġ
ôѸٱֺ׵İϣάֻ仰Ƿϻ
áϯޱ飬ܸоˡ
ŭ׼̬Ȳƣɭ£㲻ø˵ʲôᡣ
Ǹ˹û뵽Ķˡ
ʹϣάüѿҲϯҶְڵ⣬һþҪȻ󲨡
Ҳ֪ԼˣҲû뵽ϯԨᵲϣάǰʱǶʵܲסô˵ҲԼҲҶϯԨ֡
ҡ
ǸһǸҲǰװһơϯԨûʲôǸԥĴĻ
ϯԼ״֪ˣˡ
Ԩ侲ϯͼ
侲ھͺ侲ϯԨһĨЦϣάƵһߣվ
ϣάԼǰԼô
ΪһalphaҪԼomegaסǲܴ衣
ȻϣάomegaϯԨﶼ࣬ⲻЩϣά
ҷʵʹϵĨģϣάȴӶ
ڸãһʵʵԼϣӼһ黹û˸ҸԼһ⡣ǰǵһҪǲʲô˵ΪԼ۸ˡ
˹ͼؼҺϯҹϵķϣ绹һơϯԨ
ϸһ˵㣬һô
ϯԿǰһУֻü֣ôͻȻġ
Ҳ̫嶯ˣԼû˵Ͷϣά֡
־ͶְɣǴ׼һ㣬ϣάϯԨһô
˵𡣡ϯߵϯԨǰм䣬ϯԨһ⡣
˵ʲôȻ˵
У齻һ⡣ϯץס֣һעϯԨָ̧һơ
Ϊ˽۸齻ԼԼҪľǾܵĽӰ콵͡
⣿ҲءϯԨ
۸۸᲻Ӧ㡮һϯԹ˵ţĵȥˡ
ϯԽϯԨɳãٽƾȥҩ
ϣάչǺ׵ϯ֪ԼûԹతõܣһıʹˡ
ѹϯԨô꣬û񱩣Ҳнˡ˵ģǸ˹ͼؼӡ
á
һûӦϯԨЩϣάվϯǱߡ
ϯ˵ģ֮ԼһҪ˭鶼ûá
ϣάעϯԨ֪ΪʲôЩ
ֻ۳ǱôһƱԼϣϡ
ΪʲôһֱҿôԵߣϯԨȻо
Ϊʲô
ҽûߡϯԵĴƾҴҽҩϣάҲϣάû˵Ļ
ϣάĬĽӹҩ䣬˵Ҹҩ
ղ˵ʲôϯԨü
ûʲôµٲҩס

ԼϣάҽҩСӣ׼˵ҩòá
ϣάǰԼӺôܾڿǳ˳顣
ҩɡЭˡ
ʵаհԼȥˡ
ϣάȸˮϱ˼
ţϣάɫ༷ʳָմһЩͿϣ࿪
ϯԨܸܵϣάûô˵Լʹرᡣ
̫ˣŵϣάйѩ㡣˵ֻ˵ԼϢһģһ۳ʹƳ֮ҲAOǺô
˵ƳȾ۳Ϣء

ϯԼϯԨ˿
Ž˹һߣѹ˵Ǵϣάˣ鲢ǰ
ʲôдϣά˹ɻ
һͻʵϣάĴϯȴ˵ϣάѹ˵ϯҷְάʲôˣ
ҲǸյ֪ã⣬֮ǲϣά¡
ϯԽܺϯɵĺ¼һ˵ڸղŴϯԨõĹھϢʧص£ڻûô£Ҳ߶˹ǡ
ʹ˹ͼؼ׼ң˭֪ǻ᲻´ȥ
ղ̫嶯ˡ˹𱸵Ŀ
ֻ̫żˣšҲû뵽鷴תô졣
ϯ˵̫ˣڻ֪ôðԨˡ
ղǶˣһ򶼹ܲס۸Ҳ
˹壬˵ô졣ϯԻ˸ϵĳƺһɫ˵ԨӾ󣬳Լ˵ˣȻĵ˵ô
뵽ղϯԨ˵Ļɫ΢΢һԼ
ġܲһԼŵ뵽̲ססġ
˹̾˿ĬԼĴƾȷϯԨ˵ʹ̫ûӡ
ܲȰȰԨôҲǿеǸ
ԡ
ǹȥȻϯ˵߻ɳ
ʱĴƾѾԸȥ˼ӡ
ϯǸһھֱӱϯԨ˻
û̸ϯԨһ۾ӣ֪ǲãûղˡ
Ҿ͡һһҪ󡣡
ϯɫ˵ҪһЩ
ϯԨɳϣ΢ŰҲӰ
׻ȥ˵Ҿò֣һԸ⻰Ҳһ
ģϯʣֲԤС
ġ˵
Ҵһ£¾ˡϯԨһָ¶һݺݵЦ
Ҫƿݶʱһ˲ͬ⣬ʱһֻܵóѡ
ϯԨ֪ȥеѣһʼûȥһֻһһĻ˹ûɾܾ
Ͼڱһֻ۳桢һֻ۳棬۳ҪֶҲûײУֻҪֻƳһѡ
ԴƳ˵۳һɲʲô˺
˹ĬȨ۳棬Ϊ
ϯ¶Īı飬ϯԨһʾԼԲɿá
ⱾĴ˹˵ţϯԺϣ鲻ᱻ˵ȥ
ɫһף֪Ѿˡ
ʲôҲûзϯᡣ
Ҳõ˵ϯԨԼһָĿһ
ô˵һⶼʲôʵ£ô


46 
ϯԨվǰʱ, ûеļɫƽ
˹ϣܸı⡣
˹ȻıԼľ
ϯ֪ϯԨƢ, ˵һЩȡ, ռǵĳ档
һȥʱϯԾ֪ˡ
ϯԨûеʱͷ˵ѾǸ˹ͼؼ, Ҳ˵ʱԼϯԨû
˺ܶ, ûǰô嶯
ȻﻹԭȵӣϻŲʱͷЩƵҷƢ, ҲԺ󶼺ϯԨϼˡ
һ, ֮ǰǵÿ󡣡ϯԨ̧, ߸¡
ҲҶ, ֻܽܡ
žصûκ֡
ֱӱˤڵ, Ҫ˵Լ, ϯҲûлع, 㶵ĿǰһĻ
۳, ʹԽѵƳҲǽһЩ̾߻þͷ, ƾһֻƳˤڵϣ۳˵ѡ
˹ԭҲô, ԲŻͬһ
ڿԼĴƾڵϣһʱ֪ԼĴƾ, ϯԨôء
һȥ, ϯԨɢ˴, һȦԼƺˡ
ûһֵ˼, ϾԵǶԼ̣οôָûٴϣά
ۿɼָӡɼģɱǰϯԨϲҶˡ
Aľֶ弸£ϯԨͲԭûֵ£ƳָǿҪҲûôס
ϯԱŵˣϯԨʲôʱôˡ
Ƥ񣬴ֶʹˡϯԨעŵڵϵĵӳһ仰
װ׵ĳǳӶ˼ɫһһס
ϯĬĬ̾⻹һֺóޣ⻰һ˵ȥҪ𰡡
ԨˡϯԲòͣ˵ʲôʱ˵Ļ
˹öõ˵
վߵ˹ߵʹͷ˵
֮пɺ֮ĴƳ˵ǿ˵ǿɱ
ξˣһοɾûôõˡϯԨЦûϯ
ѾˣԼҲʲôСǼˡֻҪҪԼ¿ԾôˣеڶΣֶκһЩ
ϯԨԳûйУԼҲûͬ廹ǰ塣
Գָаϰ֮ԲôֻΪûҪֻҪߣԵ·
ϯԨߵɳߣϣάԼƺûعӣЩЦ
ϣάòǱԼ˰ɣ
һ̣䱻ץס
ֱϣάͨϣά
ղ˵ۣϯԨ˵ġ
໥ģɳȻϯԨû۳еֻоһƴϣҲЩѺá
ϸƤ⽿εε۳棬ָ޳޼룬ִ涼˰١
ϣάһ磬˵ϵˣǵٸһҩ
ֱϣάץеĸоЩ֣һֱϣάɿ֣ϯԨڳ
ԼƤһalphaʲôʱΪ˶㲻ϵƱôģǳ۳ͽ
ϣάûκα仯ϯԨϣάԼôġôоֻԼھϵ£ϣάȥûϡ
Ƴ涼ôŵô
뵽컻ܼҲǣ϶ϣά
ɬķӦ
㡭ϯԨ˵Щʲô
ϣάɻĿ
ϯǻڣϯԨ¼뷨һסġ
š
ϣάͷһ˵ղлл㡣
ͻĵлϯԨ̲סһЦǣǵ˻һ
ϣάΪԼղһѣڱ˦µл
С£ǰ㶯֣Ҳ̫ҷˡϯԨ벻⣬ΪϣάΪԼӡ
ߵ˵ţǱߵĶ˹ȴǲٴȥˡ
˹ϯԵȻˣǾʹϣάȻȥˡ
Ȼԡϯûɰϣά
Ĳ˵εĳ棬˹뿪Ҳá
Һ۸ʺá˹΢΢ףȻϣά
ϣάΥ۸˼֧ùҩŵϯԨУҪ뿪
Ҳͬ⡣ϯԨüֱסϣά
ԼлҪϣά˵ڶ˹ϣάȥԼô졣
˹̬ȿź⣬ϣάȥ֪ᱻôԴԼôһ˵ûᱨϣάϡ
ԨҪԡϯͷʹ
ϣάͶ˹»ȥѵȥ𣿡
ϯߵߣȤ˵ҪϣάҲҪٵȵȡ
ڻϣάͶ˹»ȥ˵㲻ǻЩҪ˵ô
лҪϣά˵ϯԨܲӣϣάҪ
ʲô´ȥϣάˣûҪϣάϹء
ϯšʲôȥƫƫŶ˹Լܷ
ϯԨϯԵĻ˼֪Լû취ϣά˿˵չ˲ϣά´ȥҲ֪ϣάϻ᲻
ϯԻû˵˹ȿˣֻǱЩ
ôᣬղŵ⣬˲Żᶯ֣ƽʱôϣάġ
˹¶ô˵ˣԨ㻹ʲôɵġϯ԰ǻ
죺ԭ˰
ղ˶ָɴӣһΪء
ϯԿһϣάֻ˯һξϯԨ˵
ȿȣϯԵȻԼ˵
ϯԺ˵˵Ȱ˼䣬ϯԨٿϯԨʲôʱ򶾵ĺܼһһ仰ÿֶǴ˵ġ
ϣάͶ˹뿪ϯԨʾԼ鷳Űݷãϣһϣά
˹ϣάˣϯԼĴƾȥǡ
ϢֻʣϯԺ
ϯ΢ôôӣҶ˵ٴˣҪԡ
ԡϾĿϯԣЦһ
𡣡
ϯԨҡͷǣֻڱﲻ˶ѡ

˵ˣѺҪҲҪ
ϯԶ˵Ļ÷ôѾвˡ
ʲôȻˣϣάĴƳ桯ϣάҪʲô£ǲӡҪڸղһƴ̫ˡȵȣⲻ˵Ϲô
̫ˣҪ˵̫ˣôء
Ϣһȥ飬㲻õġ
ϣ鵽ףôĿǰͷܲ鲻顢ľĲǺܴġ
ǲлɵĶ󡣡ϯԴ⻰˲ԡ
ûС
϶ºֵĳ治ֵ࣬һʶңҺЩϵġ
˵ء˫ֽ°ͣ˵˳Լ뷨
ȷϯҲعζˡ
аŶԼ֣Ǻ˽ԼĲֻϯڲ棬ϯģȻҪĳϵҼǲܡ
㵽׵˶ٳ档ϯۡ
Ļǳϯģ˵ǳϯԨȥģϯԨɲ˳ʽϢʧء˱
ô֪˭֪ϯǰгĳжֻ
ϯԵĴƾ߽ѾͶ˹뿪ˡ
ãˡϯһۡ
ڻؼϴϢһ£һԤԼһϸļ飬ʱ硣
ϯܺǱ߽ңʲôչһ֪ͨ㡣
ϯԽһжԼźˣϯԨȻûҲ֪һκԼ仯ϸݡ
***
ϣάصұ˹һ֪ǲϯԨ˵Ļ֮Ⲣûжʲô
ԭΪҪһٳͽ䡣
ϵ˿źأ˹üȥҼͥҽתͷ˵ϣά㵽¥ȥú÷ʡ
ǣ۸
˹뿪ݺݵĵһۡ
ϣάԴޱ飬̶ֳֻȻֵʲôӦ
ά۸ʹƸҴææ¥úϣά
Ƹôˡάµӿﴫ
˭㡣
¥ϡ
ϣά˷󣬴򿪹Ը·Ϣ
ڴϯǱߵ֪ºܼºһֱҪϵ£ֱڲʱ䡣
ûлظ
ϣάüɫϯܺǴֵĶԼܹЩھΡ
ΪܺȴҲЩԡ
ϣάɵڴϣ۾Щƣۡ
췢̫£ԼϯԨĹϵҲøʵҲûʲô˵ģҩϢصӰ£ԶԷܵĻӦˡ
ϯԨôȻҲϯԨı⡣
ϯԨ׿˵ܵϢصӰ죬Ż¡
ԼҲΪҩŻᡭôϣά۾ϯԨϢضԶȥκһֻ۳棬ֻϢص£ԼҲܾܾ
ϣά侲һ㣬ǴƳ۳Զ޷ԭ
ԭΪԼܹһ㣬Ͼôûһ۳ϢأܹԼ궯ľ
ϣάָԼؿĺ˵λã쵽ûʹĸоʹԼûзҩ
ˣҲû񱩲ܿأҪѹƲܹάƽĸо
ΪϯԨľô
ĺڻָľϣά챻ȡ˶پһգȴΥܵ˻ɡ
ϣάóһۣϯԨľЩҩá
Ȼ΢Сÿ춼йעܲĺб޸ĺۼ
ֻһ⣬һϯԨԼԸ⡣
ɣϣά¡
Ȼô죬ϯԨ󳳴ô
ҡҡͷûҪ
Ȼ⣬Լȷʵõ˺ôЩԽľõοĺ޸߶ǼܽģΪȥвϯԨûбҪ
ֻǻæˣǱҲǺߡ
ϣά뵽ϯԨ˵Ļ

ϯԵĶܿ졣
ϯԨŸյңԤԼʱ䡢ҽԺҽϢͷĹϡ
ȴϯԵϢ⣬յһԡԶϢѯʲôʱʱ䣬ͨԵ¼̫Ȩޣ˳㻹ȡϢصʱ䡣
̫Ҫܹ¼˼磬ϯԨʱͷǳȤ
¾ͺԶԼ죬ϢصȡֱԶȡѪҺݵһ
ϯԨҲûܾ
˵Ƴ۳桢۳λǵ۹涨ôÿһλ۳涼ҪϢȶ۹۳ҪصĹ涨ˡ
;еĸο۳棬Ҳò˵ѪǱȽϺʵġ
ϯԨûȤһȡһѪ͵ǶѪˡ

ϯС̶ƽ˿ϾȡʽĺѲϯ롣
ϯԨʱı仯ϯԥһ»ʳ췢ʲô£ʽȡûӰ졣
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ôԼĻ᲻ϯҪгϯǰĳС
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Լʱı仯ϯ򲻿֪ܲ˭ԼֶпܣΨϯֻҪû⣬Ͳô
ûԼϯпľֻϯ񣬰ϯ̬ȿɲǻӡ
ôпôǵĻʲô
û¾ͺá
š
һϯ򣬵һֱûʹʲô
ϯ򡮰һҵ˵ҵĹôάһЩĻе
ǰϯӰ̫ˣںԼ˵Щսս
첻ϰôϯԨѵĽ̸뷨˲ʧ
Ϊһֱûл˰١ϯ򲻻˵Լڵ
ڵϯԨǰöˣΪԼССϯȻϣϯԨ¡
ϯ뷨̫ÿˣϯԨ֪һʮĳ棬ôԼᡣ
û˵ʲô
ôãҪ˵ϤĳȴûУֻάǰ罻Ȧ
ϯֻ˰٣ȥϰˡ*[-]
ϯԨȥϯԼԤԼҽԺС̱˼
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֣ҪȺ̾ҽȥ顣
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ڡ
ҽţļ鱨浥
ϯԨ£ӽϿ岢ûʲô⡣
һ۳涼Ҫ
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Ϊʲôʯûб仯Ϊûоʽûгµġ
ϵĺöɫʯ
ǰ֪ⶫֽʯǺ;ͬɫľֳɫ·ǿȺǱ·ϢϢء
ɫеıԴ
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ԼľǽɫǰǺɫϯԨĦʯԼǰαװ̬֪ڻòá
õĻֻװ޷ۡ
ҽʱ
;ռںϺľռ䳹׸ǡȡǰ
ʱУľ޼ɵĳƬռ䣬AССһ硣
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ͬʱģʯҰɫ·һıȾϺɫ


47 
ϯԨջؾ, ˲ÿʯϺɫ·ȥ
ǲ˼顣ҽȣĿЩС
ûɳʽȴ۳һ
ټô״Ʋʡ
ǵ, ۳ľҪɳܹȫ, Ϊûƾ۳汾Ǻѿסʱľ
ô˵ǰԼ
ϯԨԼľǰǲͬ, ʹǰʱЩľ, վ
ʽУᱻ, ˵ɫȫһͬ
, ϯԨо׽, ǹͻȻֵ屾ѳľô
һбӰô
ӦǲС
ҽ˼һ, ˵̫ģȻټ, Ҳûз
ĳ̶ֳ˵, ˡʽھƷһǳĳɫ, ܹûг, ɹĶȹѡ
ûС
ҽ˵Ĳ, Զǵʱȫ
Լľȷʵܳɫ, Լܹסǹġ
Լľʹ£ϣάĳ֣ǸʲôҲ˵
лҽ
ϯԨ̫, ҵְ𡣡ҽЩܳ

, ϯԨ뿪ҽԺ
ؼûСҲ, ʱ˯
¥, ߽ҡ
ΪԵȨ޻ûпܿ黹ԭЩ
ϯԨЩʱ䣬˽һ¡ʯ͡ѡ
ʯһϡп
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ʯȴһϡвָ򣬶˷ΧڶʮϡС
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ʯֻĴָС۸ȴǲ͡
ûƵĿϯԨ޷ȽϣѲϢðµɻ󡪡̫ӡʲô
ѣֹ۳УƳҲС
ֻǺ۳ʱһԾѲͬƳľǷֶʽȫڵĵһνʱĵڶΣһĴƳһҲֹڵڶΡ
Ľͬ
۳ĳѻþøǿͬʱҲܹԤ⾫ǷнĿռ䡣
֮ǰˡѡǴ󲿷ֺصݶдʮģֱԵɸѡ󣬲ſ׼ȷȸߵϢ
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ҲԶԼϳȨ޺ԼܹøϢ
Щڸһ㡣
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ϯԨһĨɫľɵĻֱۣҲھֵһ̣ԭĺϽɫ
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Ƹ˵Ǿ˾ĴƳ棬˵ССҪƺ˸˾˵Բ԰
š
ϯԨûϯĻԣԳ̵ĵλǹϱôƺ
ȻʲôϵԼҲдƾƺҲûйϵ
ܿ죬һ׶ɡ
Ϊ˲С̸оϯԨķЩôһʱ򣬾ҲĹˡ
иоһЩôջ֡
ССϥϣͷ룬˵˺ö࣬о
Сָؿڴĺ˱λá
лл˾ˡССհһ¡
ϯԨûж㿪ѾϰСʾ׽Ķˡ
СһԴ˵˯ɡ
˯ˣ˯СС´
˾ˣľϷòá

̶̵ĻľݳһϯԨСһһһĿʼľ
ϯģС
ûһͽӵϯĴƳ绰
˾ˣҪȥģС̺Ŀ
ö
ߵſڣ߳ȥһֻ
ϯԨΪʲôһǸƴĺӣֻΡ
ΪЩ⡣
ƯССŵĶΣ۾ġ
˸ͷѽһƯ
ɫģ񣿡һССĶͷηŵ˼Դ
ϯԨΪǼͨΣҪ˵ǰװƷȻܶ࣬ûƵΡ
ô
棡


ϯԨŶεĺӷñĲڣղתһȦⶫĺ
ǺԼһβóģ´лỹϣάɡ
رĶϣάӦϲ۳棬Լðƻơ
¶̨ϡ
ϯԨһȭʮɡ
Ҳ۳ľѲֻǾԼԼÿһյķǳϸܲĳԵߡ
ֻоûľ׼ҲϯԨû취Եȥߡ
Ϊ۳ݣԼǴƳûô鷳ɲΪֶһʼǿǩ۳棬ʱһעġ
ֻϯԨ۳棬ȫЩս
ȥԼΨһĿԡ
ȫ黹õġ
AԼĪ3600̶ȣA۷ݣԤĲࡣ
3600Ŀ̶ȾS룬ϯԨƾ辭ƣԼһµʱָܻSﵽڶβѡ
ѵȡ
ȥһҪȫֻܹؾƽ⡣
ֻԼ˵С̻ڼܲܲܡ
Ȼȥѧˡ
ƳѧǵһνСȻʧܵҲǵ䣬ȥѧУӦû⡣
ڼƻýȥİźϯԨˡ
ڶ졣
ҵԭ򡣡
ϯһֳŶͷͷƵͲһôѵҽû¿Ժʹƾһ緹
ʱ䣬һΪóˡϯԨ˳С̣ͿȥҲͺССࡣ
ϯԵ۳̣ǲСЩ
Ҳû뵽ϯĩʱ䣬΢˼һ˵㡣
˵ɡϯü֪û¡
ϯѧУûʲôƼ
ϯģŶֻС̡ϯˡ
ҪȥѧУ
ϯڼû£ϯ˲ѧУȽʡ¡˸
ǾͺҵһѧУɣÿ
ϯԣҪû⣬쿪ѧʱϯĴȥ
ѧУַ֣
ˣ㿴ɡ
šһϯԣŶԷˡ
Ǿʱ
ϯԨ߹˵绰Ǳˡ
пš


48 
հ, ϯԨ¡
ԶиӸԶĴƳ档
ϯԨźת, ҲкԶ
ԶǺϰ̬, ֻƳһ
˿ԶܵǸѪҽ
΢˵ͷȥˡ
ȵ֪ԶҪź, ѾԶ֪˾, Ѫ400ccԷֳһһλһΡ
׼ˡԶƫͷԸ
ǡƳҽӦ, ҽҩȡߡ
Զ˵ϯԨ, ĹԸҡ
¹Եݹȥ
ֻԶõֺ, ĽóһöоƬ, ԵĽӿڴ
ϯԨ£ƳҽĻഫ
ԷųѪĹ, ͸Ĳƿһ, ȡѪõͷ
ûд, Ƿʱ, Խֵϱ۴, ¶ʵȳƵֱۡ
ܻһۡҽᣬС
һ, УʺɫѪʼһ˳ŲƿС
ϯԨƽüͷûһ¡
Զ棬ŪһԺ, ͽԻ
ȨѾͨˡ
֮ԡ
Ȩ޿ͨԺ, ֻҪϢͻԶͨȨޡ
Զô, ЩĴ, ȻҲ۳棬ò˵۳ͨϲѪַʽ
û뵽ѡ񡣡
ʲôãһݣʡ鷳
˵ʲôãֻǱַʽǸϲһ֡Զ̬ʣĿƽ̸ͨ
ϯԨǺһЦ÷
Զ˵νϲһ֡ǲ˽⣬Ͼ۳汣ЭǱߵĹ棬ﰵﶼʾѡ˯Ƴ桯Ȼɼĳ֡ѡ
ź󣬲һΣϯԨѾϰˡ
ѪǸݵḶ́Զ´ǰ۳档
һμϯԨı仯СԭýʵʳøܹƳĿ⣬Ӣ۳ټ͡
Źĺڷҫ۵ĺŵ㺮ǣӢͦıɫǡôıǸ߸ϲмͷг
ԶҲ۳棬ȴҲòǰϯԨӵôƳΪʱ
ϯԨоԶͣԼϵĿ⣬⡣
ֱԶ˵ôһ仰
۹һߣʱŻ⹫Ҽǵ㡭ȱǮ
ȱǮԼڿɲȱˡ
ü˵ʲôԶ׳һ䡣
۳½۹ǹֻҪһֻƳ滳Ƿ۳浰ԻһǱҽ۳̵Ļ۹һиҪķá
㲻ԸȢ̫֪ŲдƳܾһŵġ

޳ܰ⻰˵Ĳ۳˵Ļ쵰ô
ûȤ
ҲȱǮϯԨ˵
⳥͵ˣʱ˵ǧǱңԼõôƳ滳ȼýһǮ
Ҳ֪ǲĳһԴģ۳顭Ҳ˵ϯԨĬˣԳ˽ⲻô룬Ļ۳Ը⡣
̫źˡԶÿݷһֻ۳涼ô˵ŸԼҵ
ϯԨֵֻ۳棬һ۳ܾҲ̬ȣͺԴƳȫȤƵá
ϯԨѪҽڰϯԨ
ΪһֶֻϯԨǰơû˽ĴƳ棬ҽʮǿġ
ƳĿǹ¶ǣÿÿϯԨԼǲǴƳɮ⣬ֻƳ˶һڡ
òûгѡ
ı⣬ʱϵңҪ֪Щճ۳ҰҲҵĹ
۳汣ЭźЭˣͳԶûΣǴ׾Ǵ
ҽγͷָֹѪϡ
ɫ̫ã֮ҪϢʱڲҪо˶ҽעϸĶٳһЩ䵰ʷḻʳ
һαȡ400ccѪҺڴƳ濴ܲ˼顣رϯԨɫЩ԰⣬ȥû³һ
֤ϯԨʷǳãԶһ۳Ҫ
ԶҪ꣬ûжֱͣӾ͸ˡ
ϯԨֻ˵һߣһ͵ı湤û
Զ뿪˸ƿɳϡ
Ȼûи߹壬Ȼڱ400ccЩ
ʱ¥ݹսǺһֻС̣С˵ϡ
˾ˣ㻹𡣡
СС̫ϲ棬ÿгϲطȥ
öѪСС۵Ŀĸ첲һֲӡ
ϯԨֽСŵɳϣԼԱߡ
˾ȥѧòá
ѧʲôСС˶ϰΪĻſϣͷʡ
кܶôȺ۵ĵط
ܺ档
ѧǿֵģϯԨԶȥѧʱ⣬Ȼʮá
Ҫȥ˾˻һ𣿡
ᡣ
ССеʧŶ
ϯԨСС壬ĺ˺ֻҪþͲǣĺЩƬ
ȥô
ǡСС¡
һС̵ıǼ⣬˵ʵ
ȥԺǲǿ˾˺ʹƸˡ
ԭǵһ㣬ССĵǣϷѧͻǣûҪ㶪ˡ
˾ˡСС˿¶һЦ
ԼǰСÿô˵ܻԾ뵽ĸ֡
ϯԨʣڲˡ
ССԴɫЩᣬҡҡͷ
ڵľ˾˺ã¡һ˵ţһվ§סĲӣǵĲ˲ա
СôɰչЩҲûʲôʲôƳ治ܽҪĥƨһгûС
ˣˡϯԨţָᵯССĶͷ
ô˵ţȴҲûСƿ
ֻҪ⣬˭ܹܵƳ̵omegaӡݡ
Ҳƶֱ治˭˭ãȴǱܸܵоȻСҲҵôĲϯԨ档
ⶼΪ֪ڵϯԨҲᶯִ

Сȥ˯ˣ
ϯԨ㿪ԣ뿴νȨ޿ͨԼʲôͬ
ԵĽϣڵλñ̫ȡͼİɫǳ߿ŴһЩĺɫǳ
ȥ
һİֳ֣ܿģЩİֱתɳ֡
[ӭ鳤֮һûϯԨ̫ϢͨΪ򿪳̫ڵĳʼá]
[̫̫ӹɣվˣǼ˼ƣάΪ˽ϵ磬Ϊ֮ϵԸίڵ㻮򡭡]
[ǼˣߴһʮͬɣΪߵߴΪ鳤ӵжΥ˷ĲþȨȵȡ]
ǰǶ̫˵ļԽܣԭبϯԨǼмɴڴ˿̽ҿ
ֻȼλϯԨ̺ܿźϢ
ǼˡһԶԤϵȻ
[ĵ¼ʽΪ豸룬ǰ豸֧־룬豸ģʽڸ豸ں̨޸ĵģʽá]
[ʼõһȷǷʹáϯԨΪû]
ʼúܼ򵥣ŵһ˷
ɺϯԨԸԳĿò
ҳû̫ҵϢ
̫Ҫ˽Ķ½뷽ʽǾܹݲ羫ȫ棬ⲻ¡
Զ巢ÿϵϢ׼ǣοϰٸɵ硣
ϯԨЩϢͬʱҲܵ㹻ĳ
ѹֻὫ̫Ͽĳ£˼ܵʲôĸı䡣
Сʱ
ϯԨƿһֱŹԵĿ⣬ɬ۾һ
ԼȻû´ǵеģʵֵҲܹʹߡ
ֻϧǽӴʱ䲻Ϣ£Եһ֪
ǵɢ䡢ǳƣΪǳ֮ļơ
Ȼ˵ķΧڣ̫̫ĿѾﵽܹӦڸ罨ĳ̶ȡ
˽⵽ּ
һΪԭʼΪũΪҵļΪ弶ΪΪǺ
鳤ȫɣ֮һ
ϯԨ˼
˽˵ĹɺӰǼ֪ȥǸʲôˡ
ϵ̫֮ϵ֮˶ƹµܵƵͬʱҲܵ˱ûĸȥ˱µ
Ҳ˵ķΧڣô
۷嵽ļڵˮƽͽӴˡϾϯԨղϢеļжʮ弶ŸʣĴ󲿷ҡ
֮⣬һ˲룬ᱣӰķչֱΪ˺󣬲Ż˵ĹԱǢ
ϵԲֱԼ20꣬뾶ʮ꣬˵̫ϵƫԶЩûҲġԵù͵ù̫ƫԶôϯԨúЦЩ鸴ӡ
Уһ̽ߡ
֮̽µЩ˱ûа취ڸ߼ĿƼ¼̫á
ϯԨûƶϴĻϵӦþЩǼӶߵ̽ߡ
еǼ̽߶Ӷߣ󲿷ֵ̽ϱԼǿ¶Ѻýͼͼ㻯Ϊǿߡ
ϥϵֲɵսѾڵȴ̲סΪδġ
ϯԨѵЩеġ֡һеƶϲ²ⶼǽԼϱʱ䲻õǰ£ҲȥʲôҲС
ȷһϵĳ
̫ϣҵ˺ЩʹõǽƵĿƼЩ׾پ׵װӳϡȫ̫ӦھϵĽ
ûС
ĿտҲݣ³һսɿŷסµָӡۡ
ûϢʱҲǺϢ
һűԭϸϵͼǰǲ
ָһûˣӴ嫵ϵѰ̫ϵڵλãǳ˵Ρ
ϵͼҪݣǵĶһЩϵǼʺʱĲ㣬ûм˵µһɲ
ҪϢصԶ
Ѱҵ뿪ҲҪӳ顭ţͻȻС̵
˾ˡ
ôˣϯԨع񣬿۾ǷСС
˯̫ˡ
СС˯Щ˼˵Ǿ˾˽йССû𡣡
ûУǾ˾ˡϯԨһʱ䣬û뵽ԼôãСԵĶˡ
ô
һ㡣ССӣЩ졣
ȳһˮȻƸ
***
ˡ
ϣάһһֱϵ£ȴһϢûС
û£õġҡҡͷ֪ϣάʲôѾô˵ҲĨȥ
ҵ²㣬ǶϯܼĴ
ϣάҪСİά£ĵȹȥҪ󡣡
Ǳ⣬Ҫˣء
ϣάһͨ
µĻ˵Լʲôġ
ܼᡭΪάҲֽţά̫ˣھȥϣά䣬վ
û뵽ά»ڱ£ʱΪάֻԼԼ
ϣά㲻ȥҰά£û֤ݡ
֤ݵĻҲðάһ¶ûС
ɫȻ鲻ʹ࣬ɵĸ˶塣
ֻܱһ⡣
ˣôԡ
ϣάŭգΪԼŻȰάµݹľƣԼ
ѾˣҲ׷Цһ£赭д˵͵Ǳ۳ҧһڣҲûʲôʧ
ܼҸĳ㣬Һ⡣
¸ƫͣƢǲ̫ãⲻʧ
ΪཻѣϣάȻЦʲô⣬ܼǱ߸ĳ൱Ĵ⡣
˵ҵˣϯԨô졭ѯʡ
֪ϣάϲ۳ģС۳׷ΣϣάһʼӰ񡢾Զ֮
ϣά΢΢һ³һ仰
֪
ҲǸ⡣ϯԨҲֻá⡯ʽͰɡ
Ƕˣò벻ϰɣüͷһɷ
ǣܼǸ۳һģȻʲôö
ϣά̾˿˵£Ҷ۳Ϣûио飬֪ġĶӰ죬ûǣԲŻĽ
̫ңЩµϣάԼ֪ô˵
һȴǺ뷨ȫһ
Ӱ죿ǻã
һܾ궯ʹܽҪԭѹš
ϣάĬ
¿ƺ̸£ҲǣԼᣬοĪϣά
иϢ㣬һ˵ġ²˻⡣
ʲôϢ
ĵˣó򡣡
һ챨ְʱϣάɾҵˡ
лл
֮䲻ÿˣҴƸ˵ܾûˣпռǵùԶٷ
ģҲϯԨһ𡣡µ٩
ϣάһͨ뿪ȥҰά¡
ȥάġԼ鷳£ԼԵ
νǣ̫֣Զ̵ķΧӦ֪ģ򲻻ҪʵԼϯԨ޹ΪԼһơ
һߡ
ϯԨϯüǵСȥѧ
ѧУСѧ׶԰
лҪ˵
Ƴٸ¼ֱǶԼĥqaq˯˯Ĳȣ̫˰
һ_(:١)_



49 
ѧϯظһ, Щš
ϯԨôͻȻССȥѧѧУԼûмǴĻӦϯԨԼСʱ
ϯĺܾ, Ҳ, 鲻ǡǰġ
ûʱ̣ȥѧУʦá
ô㲻Ը⡣
Сȥǰϴֻû, ϯԨҲ仰
ϾСһﻹͦĵ, Ҫˣָ͵͵ޡ
, ֻ̫ϲˡϯɿҡͷ, Լ˵һ, ϯԨ͸ı⡣
Ƴڵһνͻȥѧ, ϯ֮ǰȴ붼ûԼĳѧġܼҵʱ˵ϯԨǱֵĺСС
Ϊ໤ϯԨϲСС, ôССȥѧء
û뵽ΪССڼﷳ, ߡȥѧУ, ϯζû뵽
һٴССȥġ
ϯԼӦǱ, ֪֧һѧϰѧѡ
еĻͺϰǰԤ֧һ¸µĹ, ׶԰ķòͣϯԨɿڱ, ҧҧӦġ
Ǹ̸꣬С̾մϴּܳ
ƸƸССϴɾ
֪ʲôʱ, ϯԨĬԼССԷ, ƺڰǰǳϯǳ
֮, ϯԨǵ̬Ⱦͺࡣ
ҪϯԨ䵭, ϯҪԼǲˡ˵ںϯԨֽ֮󣬾֮ǰҲûôƽͣϯԨıôô
ССԡϯֽССɾ֡
šõ佱С¶ֵЦƸ
ϯССŵϣԼһ¡
һԷʱ٣󲿷ʱ򶼼棬Ϊϯвһֱʡ
ССԸ˲٣϶ΪԼôֻΪϯԨ
ϯԨƫƫֵôĮģ֪Ϊʲôϯ뵽ˡķǡһʣڵϯԨС
һʼǾͺˡ
һı仯ôôʱϯ򶼻ǰϯԨǡϯԨΪ뷨Ĭˡ
ϯԨ˭
ҲϯԨ仯̫ԼŲĴ
ĸЩݴûдϯԨʧֻǱʱʱ¶⡣
Թͣÿ״򲻶ʱ䡣
ȡٶȺܿ죬ÿһ˿תڣʱţռеԽ׳λõɫСǳԽԽʵ
ܳܡ̫ӣ۳ľռ䱻򡯣ϯԨϰ߰еĳƺ
ܹͨһϯԨʡ˲£̫תһȦڲȫǴƳ汾ԹķЩ·Լʹõġ
Ҳ˵ܶ࣬Ҳ廹иõģӦҲв
ȻЩȻܹͨעʲôϧٱȲġǾ
ǾǼ򶥼оо߼ĹһأӦǳŽףȡٶȺǱӦãﵽ˼¡
ŽǵĻ֣ȴ˵ʵصˡ
Ǿڼƻоأ֮ǰտء
ļǾȻͨĴ·Ҫ߼
Ǿĳ̶ֳϣ˵Ϊģ°빦
ǳһ۵һǳͬʱҲڵǾ
ϯԨһ˫SSΪΨһһ3SľߣAٶȲԼڵٶȱѰAҪһЩ
һ۵һǳʱ̡
֪һҹȥ
ռƬѹޱȽʵڿȥһԲĽɫӡ
ϯԨȴûһ۵һǳ룬Χ̫ϡˡ
۵ǵһǳҲԶԶ㣬ǿۺܴԻʧܡ
ڵרŵҿеԶҪߵĶࡣҪ۸߰ϵǿԶԶҪǰöࡣ
֪ûƵġ
ϯԨ򿪹ԣͨܽ⿪һ˴ڳʶ֪ʶɻ
ܿģҵ˴𰸡
̫жۺЭᣬ޸ңβͬ۸ͬƳе
ϯԨšƳ桯־þòܻȴҲЩ֮еĸо
ǺʹƳйصģȻҲΪ˴Ƴڣ۳ľǰǰղġ
ôԼ۳档
ҪԼȥֻдƳȥĵطȻʮֵĿҲ֪ᱻࡣ
ϯԨûԷĴ㡣
淨һǡסˡȻԼû鵽۳ʹڳ۳ûϵģûȤðͷһ
ڳ壬Ҳͨõġ
ͼҲҪǱһСʱֱǮûֱϯԨΡ
ϱΪıⷽԼǴûĹڲһˣҪͷҪԼԴ
ҡҡͷЩ뷨ԺһʱıԹĿԣȴһֱԹ԰
ˣǸʲôģϰٸģ϶ȳ֡
һϣϯԨûо룬ȡ
һһ졣
ֱʹͣ
ϯԨ鲢ɣ˵ء
ΪԻֳʮ߸򣬵һ򱻳ΪȻʣµʮ򣬳ȴ߾⣬ڻ
ⲻǸ󲿷ֵȡַڲĴ⡣
Ҳ˵뿪壬Ҫ뿪ڻȥ⻷߾󣬲ܹȥϽĹ
ȷֻдƳܹʹҲûк۳صϢ۳Ϣȫۡ۳涼ڳôûϵġ
ӲԣĶӲ
ϯԨ̣û仰
۳Ե˽֪⻹̶ϵǿ
ЩϢڱȽϺƽġָָ㡯ȫۣսģͬΪ鳤ҲԸΪ۳桯ͳͻ
ĴƳ涼ǷӣΪ۳һսսҲʲôܵ¡
սϢͷȫ۳ǻĳݡ
ϯԨ۳ܵƲСйٷվģкܶƷʮãڸ֤ϢΪ۳ȫ辭ʹ
ϯԨˡ
۳ݶԼ˵ȷʵһЩ׷ôô˵Լã

ƣ뼢һӿϣϯԨȳԸϢһٴӳ⡣
һҪȥģôȥʲô취Ҫһ¡
һඣͼССӿﳯ
˾ˣˡ
С죬Щ˵˵ϡ㶼ûԶƸ˵Զ岻á
ô
ССҲСһһ̶ԭ
ˣǾ˾ûС
ϯڱССһУֻҪȾܳԡ
ССǰ˵㣬ųСӣԼȸ⡣
ⲻԷôǣССߡ
Ǿ˾´òá
ϯԨʱͶ뵽һУǳԷ
ԼǺ⣬ССȴĵߴߴÿζظšúóԷ岻áĻ
ÿϯԨôشġ
ϾȷԼһܲԼӦһʼͲӦ
˾ÿζô˵
ϯԨѱķóóһԴһģӽϯǸϲˡ
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ǸϯҲӦˣֻҪϣάԼʱ䣬ҾʹϯȥϣάǸ
ЧʲϯԨһ䡣
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ϯ˵ţЩѵĵԼСıܡ
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ϯ˵ҲشһͶϿˡ
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ϣάĶºĻֻҪԼֻҪԽԼĵߣԼͻᾡȥֲ
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ϯԨ¹ԣЩƵĲȻ
ҪôͣѵҪ˵ԼڵϣάĻظô
ϣάһԼϢ֪ôһҲ֪ǲʲô·
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[ʱ䲻ˣЩϢ]
ϯԨһʱ䡭ҹʮһ㣬ǲϣάĺá
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ϯԨú˵ܶ, ⻹һκϯԨҪȷϯԨ᲻Ӧ
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ΧΧŵĶ۳棬ȻһطѾƳԾó۳רˡ
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51 
⻹ϯԨͷһڹϼô۳, Щ۳滥֮伫Ϊ̬˴֮䶼ʶ
վô۳УϯԨҲȻһ۾ע⵽Ǹʵüۡ, һ۳ӱ, ʹȴҲᱻ۳ȥ
бһϯԣϯ԰ǻл⻰͸սҵСйء
, ġϯԵЦ
ҪǼϯԨмϯ, ղҲ졣
ϯԺϯ㲻죬ϯĸǵڶμ, ҪΪ͸ϯԨ
ϯԡϯԨͬһ۳ֵܲ, Ҳм, ƳֵȴǶȥ, ˸ϵ׽ЩģϯԿûȤһչȥ
˵ļ, Ҳϯӵġ
Ȼô, һ仰ͽˣôܡ
ϯԨĬ, ͬϯԵĽ顣
ϯûԼ, ϯҪԼҲʹ졣
ϯԼޱ, ʧЦҡͷϯԨͦ, ֪ʵԸĶ붼Ҫڸƭˡ
ڡ
ϯʱʱƳһߵڶÿ˾ϤޱȵʱϯĶΧĽǾͼһ֡
˾˿ȥ, ˾˾Ȼûлؼ, ǵԼ
̨, ʦڽѧڵˡ
ͷһξֳϵϯЩ֪, ֻѧΧ̵װԼûзġ
ΪһܺСѧĸ׶԰ͶСѧĳǶǸļͥ׶԰ʮӵȫ淢չġ
ӻıҪܹó̺˫û䡢ϵ֮С
ԭ򡣡
ϯԨĶдɫĶдָмѣԼΪһס
ϯԣŵĺԼƵĶдֻɫһ
ǧ˰ǱҵѧѺõƷҿԼҪϯĻС̴Ҫٽѧѵľˡ
ϯжǮ
ԣӦøһ£ƷŶԡ
շѵĴƳ滹ⶣ¼ҳҪǲԺӻ
Ȼ
ϯԲϯԨ˪ɫüбԽǵķһЦ
ϯԨÿ֪ϯڳ˭ЦĴƾ
ɷѴֻ޼ļֻ۳棬󲿷ֵ۳涼ⴵ磬۳רͨҲһ
ôһԼϯԵǱ۳һЩ
ϯ۴ƾǼװģͳϯԨĸйٺ˲١ⲻܹϯԨȻЩƬ棬omegaƳ棩alpha۳棩ˡ
ĳԣϯԨЩAlpha塣
ⲻܹomegaalphaԱҲʧ״̬omegaԳ͸ܵalphaĺǻ
͵ȫߵСɵϰ߲˵ܱģܶʱϯԨԼûע⵽ԼʶһЩȺΪ
ˣҪðȾˡϯ˵
ϯԵĴƾ󣬾ϯ˵޸֮ǰҲǾƣڻھ൱Ҫְλ
ϯԺദ൱гĳˣҲϯǽ۳ԡ硢ơԸйء
ԭԳɥʧĵϯԨ⣬ԭ۳ҲǡϯԨġ
ҲԣҪе۳涼ôֻԺ֣ǻ̸ʲôάԼĵλܻЩ۳棬֪ôƿشƳȨλ
۳汻ȦҲִܹƳ棬ȫһŬĺ
ڰȸ߸۳棬ʹսȡϣԴܹѡһλ۳ľơ߷һ֮ǻʱŴﵽƽ⡣
ΪߵϯԨ侲ݵжϳЩ鱨ȴûκβֵĴ㡣
ԳԼĶλʼֻǸͰˡ
۳ʹƳĲģԼ޹ء

ϣάϯԨϯԺ󣬾ͱϯԵĴƾ˵
󣬾ϣάٹҲܲסȳ
ϯԨҪߵʱܰԼΧû뵽ϯԨûߣ󻹱ϯˣֻ
һ㣬ϣάû뵽
֪˵ʲôǡüϯԶЦɰͰ͵˵ǵĸܲ
΢ЦʾϯԨ˵Ҳ
ٻ֪ϯԨɲǸԵġ
Ȼ˲٣Ǳ߶û˵ʲô֤мġ
ϯԨĶͳϯһָ㶨ģΪϯԵĴƾȻʮ
ϣά
᲻̫ࣿ
ԼϣάԺͶԷЩϵƢֱֱˣֻϣάѡ
ʵϯԲô˵ҲԸϣάϾϣά߾սԻ͵𶼰ż
ɣȻϣάһЩⷽ׷ǵĴƳû
۳涼ЩƢݵļһȻҵ⣬Ƣһֱܺá˵ţҫһϯԵĺƢ
ǲ£˭ƶûá
ĻڶߣϣάĬ
˭ƶûô
֮ǱϯԨӦģǰϯԨеѡѡԼ
ʲôϯüۼЦչ΢Цһ˲ͷϣά˵
ûʲô˻񣬻ɬĲ⡣
ѡϲɫ𣿡
ϯԽһдϸϸϵϣ΢Եõ˵ɫһϲ

ϯԨ
ϯ㲻ǵŵԸղرƳ滻ɫΪҪţ
û뵽Ũü۵ϯԣС˼ĳһס
ܸоԼǸߵĵݣԼһˣٻϣάš
ϯԨûȤűǶԷ
ϣά΢΢һ
վһϣάĨбյ⣬޶˵䵭Ȼ
ȺУϣάȴ͸żֹ¶УٿϯԼ仰ЦտϯԨͻȻЩ˵ָо
ֻϯѧУû뵽ôʱ䡣ǰ̸㿪ڡ
ϯԨӰϣάϵͬʱϣάԴĿ⡣
㡭
ϣά˵ߡĻϣάǿ̣Ȼȥ
΢Ľë£ǳɫ΢΢Щ󣬿iϯԨУĺ΢
ûҪҪһߣϯӦûܸ
ϯԨع󣬲ŷԼ˵ʲôõϯĵڡ
еʱ侲ҲǼ£ͱȷ֪ԼղŻ̺ŵ˼ɫˣԼʲôʱôǳˣȥԼϣάϡ
ͻġ롯ϣάЩʴӣʶһ䡣
ʲô
˵ǻҲϯԨеĶдɫĶд·ŵ
ĵɫϣάķɫ
ȷô
šϯԨ΢΢ͷ
ʲô˼ϣάʶţĿԼϯԨϿʲôȻϯԨŲɫϣû¶κԼ뷨
ⲢһֵҪԼûоܾɡ
û顣Լû£ȥҪ
ϣά֪м֣ΪҪϯԨⲢҪ
ڲҪ

̸ôϯ߽Щ٩ζŨ
ֱۣ̬ܵȫǷŰɡ
ϯֵҪʼˣȱϯɲǼò£ʦ²õӡ󡣡
ƤʱбƵ߳ŭȻϯԨһࡣ
ϯڵķЦţĵ⻰㣬˵Ļô
ֻҪԼΣεĿ϶Ǳˡ
ϯԵƤû٣ϣά֮俴ȥ
ϵ϶дǻҪ֮һһ˵һ԰Ƶ̧֣չʾԲԼϵϵĶд
ϯԺЯ뿪ӰϯԨĬˡ
ֻдѣԼֲû֣õԼǰŪء
ţеĶдıߣû;ԹһĨ⡣
Ұ㡣ϣά΢ͷĽдһƹ
գۼɫĶдɱ˸ƯĺᣬʣµĶдڷС
ˡ
ϵᣬоOOġ
ϯԨһ飬ɼϣάȻӣȻˡ
аɣܳҲ˵ϯԨţû·ϡ
ﻥÿסϣά׼èĴᣬͷϣάֺ
һֱϯԨû̫ã¶ܿ졣
ббĺᣬǳ˵㣬ԼһҲпԭ
ջ֣߰ɡ
š
ϣάָϵĶдĬȻ
ղԼֵķӦӿ죬ϯԨûƽԼΪȻ
Զ
ǰԶϯԣǹЦעһĻ
Ϊ۸ĽԼϯԨģϯԨǸľͷԴûдôõĻᶼŹ
Ȼе㲻һϣά⡭ԼҲǱǸ
ϯԨǵĻǶ˵ĴҲ̫壬ϯȻΪϯԨϣά֮䷢Լϲּ£չȵȡ
ϯй̵ķ··ĵ˻ص㡣
ǰĴƳʦѾһСŶӵżҳϯԨǲһҲȽϿˡ
ڳмҳϰŸɫдӶдɫϾܱϳͥϣĿǰΪֹûظɫ
λҳãǿѧգҲÿ궼ٰѧӻա
֪ЩҳǵһβμӣЩμӹüΡⶼûйϵΪ˵һ⣬ÿ궼һ
ϯԨڳмͻأ˫ֻؿǽϣ𡮼ҳǸ硣
ܹڣһھǲС̺ͼҳĬȡ
ϣάߣǰһƺȫе档
ҳ֮һվм۾Сһֻֻ߹ϳԼĴƸ۸񡭡ʱܡ
غܴ󣬼ʹվŶʮֻ̼ʮҵĳ棬ҲȫʩչĿ
˭ȥϯȤĿ
ʲôϯԨʡ
Цô⣬²ʲôӡ
ûнѡǲѡġϯ˵ƶ
ŶǾϣάȥˡ
ϯһ£̲סģ
ϯĵ۸ûϯ⣬Һϣά˭ȥô
ô˵û⡭ûйˣϯԶȻϯҲؿ޵ˡ
ϣάüͷ壬ҡҡͷ˵ȥɡ
Ϊʲô
ദʱãϳļʸ󡣡
ϯԨ˼δء
ϣάţ˵ģС̻ء
Ӻ
ס۾Сʦǣ£վмĳ߹ʱʱг̽Եȥߵĳ档
ҳվϣάվڵУµĲ֪ΪʲôԻܵĶ֡
⣬ϯԨڿϷȫš
ʵϣΧĳûһŵģԽʤȯա
ΪԼϡɨһߵϯԡ
Ҽҳ̸𤰢󡣡ϯĿ͵ĿųеһһСǳ硣
㣬µȻϯĺϣά²̨ô
ͿŰɡϯԨЦţϯϡ
ϯûЩϧˡ
Ҳ֪ϯĵطôϯģȻٶ׼롣
С
̶˫׵ϢǺеģڵûгʱ򣬾֪Ѱ۸ʹƸ˫׾ķֱϤı۾ֳܷ
ԣһشûΪѳ̵˼
ӵʱһֻֻ̳ɹҵԼĴƸ/۸ĵĻͿ佱
ƸڣϯҲ֪ϳǾ˾˻ϣά壬ֻ취
˾˵ԽżʱԽҪ侲ϯԴһԼԵȳֻʣԼʱңǲɶˡ
ϵĳԽԽ٣ûĸţϯĺֱܿرġھ˾˵Ϣ
˾˵ѩɻϱѩϢǾ˾˲ϲųϢأϣάϵ
ϯһһץסǰƳĸ첲˴ƳָĽԲϰ͹ƽ·׼ֵϯͷ¶һЦݡ
ҵˡ
ϣάݸ¶һ˿Ц⣬С̳ȥϵڵ
߿佱
ʱϻֻС̣ϯķ㣬ü۽ǶŻ졣
Ҳһ
ϣά϶ţһ
Ǹ취죬ϯϲ̵ţͷϣάӿڴóһдԼϲ˺üȦ
ʲô
ǽϣά΢գԼ
ϣάǣϯĵ߻
˾~~ϯ
ܻǣҲĸ졣ϯԨ˳ֵһӡ
ڳÿձ˵£ϰ߳Ȼˡ
ϯı˺Цøˡ
Ϊ˾˵ϢزһϯСֹ
ô˵ƺĺܲһϯԨ˼š
۳ϢʲôͬϾԼĸ֪УϢؾ۳棬ûоǴƳ/Ǵƣȫǿǰıڷֱ档
ϯô˵ҪôԼϢĺ۳ܲһҪôԼϯԵʡ
ϯĻ˻󣬶дĶƮƮȥױƵ˵ϣάҰģǲǺܺÿ
ţܲÿԼͬ
ϯԵ˵꣬ŲǵĻ⡣
˵ģϯĺܻ鰡ϯԱŸϯĲ۳߹Ц˵ҵӣϯʶʶ
˾ˡϯļǵϯԣرòʺá
ԡϯЦ
ϯԨȥͼϯԵ۳̷Ŀ󣬷ɿʺá
ϯԨáһ˵꣬ͶİԼһ
Լ˵һǰĺ¡
һɵĺܺãǵڶҳǺԼһɡ
ϯԣڶˣô
ţϯԨ⡣
ӮǳԷҪ˾룬ô
ġֶɡ
Էȷʵһ㣬ˣһһȤġ
ϯԨüԼһȤ˵ô浹Ҫʲôˡ
ǧǲݣͻsаҲĺˡϯ˵Цĸֻһ
ôȤûС


52 
ǧǲݡ
ϯ˵ͬʱ, С
һֲþϯ˵ģصϡٰʮּ߲˵, ֻ۳¢ϡ
A, ҲûǿٷְٽSҪļֵֹĺˣֻԴƳЧ, Ҫ۳İ, ȻҲǷϡ
ϯԼ˵ΪĶ, ˵, ͻsҲûܡ
ϯԨع, 仰
һû, ԼָSʵҲҪһ£Ͱػ۷Ҳָտɴ
Ҫ, ϯԾΪԼ֪ǧǲݵ, Թʵֻ˵Ƭ档
ϯԨܹϯô, ֻ˵ǰȷʵǲЩȤġ
ˡûϯʧ
ϯԨҪϯٴʲô, ǧǲݶԼûЧ, ϣάӦС
һξͷˣϣάĺ, ϣάȴһ㶼ûֳ
СɽϦǲãĺĺ
뵽Թǧǲݼ۸񣬲޶ϯԵë˵ȥ, ⱾҲϯԼĲô
ʹ졣ϯЦ, һ㶼Լˡ
һǧǲݶ, Լûʲô, Ҳʲô
ôҪܼϯԨҲֵá
ϯԨüϯ̬׼Լ䣿˭š
ڶڻС
ϯԨ򣬿治ɫʵҡ
֪ΪʲôϯôˣԭԼ
Ϸû⣬ǲϷˡ
ԳּͥɣܿϷϯԨû뵽ģϾһֱ۳ԼĪǲмںʹƳʲôͥġ
ʵһƣ岢
ڳĳǣǵĴƸ۸ˣǰϯԨͷʹһĻ
ϯĵһβֻѹûйڷҲܿ۵׵˷ܡ
˾ˣ϶Ӯġ
ϣά壬˾˰ãȥݮ
ϣάϵɴЩ޴룬ûü˵ʲôѾܵûӰ
Աߣĸϯ۾ϸۻϯԨֻʣˡ
ƫƫڳķ⸱ģԵϣά롣
ûϣάʴӣϯԨ̾һԴӦĽ
ô죬ȻԼˡ
Լ
šϣάһɣеɴݸ
ϯԨкɫɴۼϣ͸оǰȻһƬڰ
΢ɴϵڹЧǲ̫Щ
ϯԨɴϵ΢΢˶
ֻǸСϷòô棬ԼҪñͨҪҲ̫ˡοϯĶԼôģôҲҪӮ
λҳ׼ô˵ܹʹþŶһ־Υ档
רŵļԷľԲġ
ϯԨһ٣δҲ̫ˣ⾫̫˻׶԰ں
뵽һѧڵѧѣֱǺߡ
ͥϷȻԼͥΪλ
ǳ̵ĴƸ۸ɳָ۸ԵƸϵݮʱʤ
֮ҲһϯԨȫʱƴճģҲϡ档
ãɴڵʵʵֻС̻һˡ

ϯԨ۾Ӿ֪ûУߵ
֪ԼʱģԹߵУôó澪̾
ɴס۳ϰ¶ͦı߸ӷվһķ羰ߡ
۳ò󲿷ֶƽƽѪͳ߹Ĺ۳Уòϵ۳Ҳʮϡ٣Ҫ˵ϯԨٶǳڵ۳ˡ
Aϵ۳òܵѪӰ죬ǺÿAľҪԼˡ
۳࣬ϣάһǱ޵ģȴû˵ôš
ϾƳֻ۳棬ǲᱻͬ
ϯԨϣάʧҲȻ
ƳҳԼⲢע⵽ϯԨһԡĴƳվںڷ۳ǰרעģǿʮֵǶԺͰ䡣
ϯĲգ˭ָһֻС̶֮ơ
ϣά壬㡣ϯϣά֣һźɫԲĹĵĹӡ
Ӳָֻš
ҳ鵽ǰλŶǲܺá
ϯԨϯĵĻЩͷʹСһԼһЩ
ɵһǰʦ
ǚGϯĿġ
۳ǽС̱ȻתȦ
ϯıסĴȣڶߣ˾
ϯԨ˳ƽϯ˵Լϡ
˾Һ
վת£Ƚ·ϱŵĲǸʮصޡ
ϯԨͣµʱ򣬲ƫԭλá
Ȼ¹תȦķѲǵϣάվǰ
ϯ§סĲӣ˵ЩܵĻ
˾ˣҵġ
š
ǰһͷǡߡϯ
һ㡣
ϯĵָ£ϯԨֻô䲻ʲôǴϯʾҲʱһЩ
ϣάˮܺõԼĲ֡
ʹղŵ⣬Ҳûкˡ
˾˿ԣԡ
Ӯ
˾˼ͣһһǵġϯССʤȴͣ
ͷʹеѡ첻ζϯ
ô˵Ҳ̫ԣϯԼˣҪӦùܺε۳档
Ҫˡ
ϯԨſҧȥ֭ˮǻĴһ١
ϣάָֻȣһ롣
ʱεǵûϯԨֱµĵֽϯŷŵϣժȥɴ
ϣάƽģͲڴߵ۾
ϯԨϯģĴ˴С̵Ķͷ
ʮ룬Ŀǰȡһ԰æʦЦӯӯİ±
ϯĲŲԼǲǱˣڼʱҲûٱȥʱרעΪ˾˴call
˾˺ðҾ֪˾ˡ
ܸˡ
ƽֵ˵ϯĵĶͷƺھС̵һ档
ţġ
ϣά壬ҲϯסָЦȥǣϣά֡
ûС
߳⡣
ϯԾעٶҲ̫ˡ
ͣʱλҲ̫׼ȷЩҪʾֻôô
ɡ
ղժɴʱϯԨע⵽ҳûͷӬһֻ˵Լ̳ĳ̺ԼеĬ
ϯ򱿵ıǰСȴͦ
˰ǧǲ
û;ԼһӮϯȻãɶĻȴͬ
ϯԨĮȻ̶ֳֻȣ䶨ˡ
ϯһҭԼҳ̵Դ
ɵø۸֪ô
۸ģһŬġ۳ȭ
ϯ̾ôһס
֮󣬵ڶֲֵ֡֡ϯԡ
󲿷ּͥһֶҵʱɣҲиΪϹָӣüӶҲԼҴƳ۳档
С
ϯԴû뵽ԼҲǱָӵתеһԱ
˾ˣ˾˺ϯĺСҧ䡣
šϯԨѹҪǣϯʳˡ
ϯԼҲûϵҵ۳̻ô
ֶӺϯԳɹԵ׵ķ
³ʱûסһԼҵ۳̣Ȼõ˴ƾһƳ

˴죬ӻǽˡ
ǻһϯԨϣȻС̻һԵ¡
ϯԨԲȻⷽʮֵĲرϯûѧͲһһֻˡ
ϣάӹеĻʣʮĵָϯġ
ϯԨվһעǣϣάվϯĵʱܻЩǹŵԼûǳЦ
̫ѿˡϯԵԱߴЦš
شƸĺѿ𡣡
ûУҪ۸Ϲ˵
ϯһ˵ˣȥ۸͸Ҹͥʦ֤Ժ󻭵ĺܺÿ
۸䶨ˡϯڴƾԼĳǰûôţ˵Щ
ϯǸѧиʦ󣬽ѧɹȻ
ϯûк͸һۿޣôǲ۳СͱȴƳҪЩ
ʱܳԣʮӵʱ㹻ĳ̻һ
ϣάæϯԨĸ徲˫ۻվԱ߹
֪ģϯԨðһ뷨
ԺϣάһǸôƸϾڶϯĵӾ֪
ʱһһȥ
ʦһ䡰ʱ䵽ֽˡ
˾ˣ˾㿴һĻϯĸ߸߾Żıһۡ
Ա߿˺ܾõϯԨ̧ùЩѰľ̻޷ǾǷӺˡ
ϯĵĻܳеţǵû˵
ϯԨɲջһֻؿ޵ĳ̣ԱϯԸղź̾ˣûԼϵ뷨

ϯ֣ĶָŻϵһ˵
Ǿ˾Ŷ
Ǹͷźͷɫ۾ɫ·ҲǺɫֳſЩЭ
ȻͲµˣ汻СָϯԨǸеЩ
Ҳ²£ϣάָںɫӰԱߣǺͺɫӰúܽĳ
˾ôϣά塣
ΪʲôϣάôÿţϯԨβϣάϵԼžͺ֡
ϯĲ˼Ļش𣺡Ϊϣάÿ
˾˲ÿ
ֱŵˮȾ˭ϯıˣֿϣάһֶ˵
ϣάΧˡ
ղŵĻϣάŵĶȤζС̻˵ʲô𰸣뿴ϯľĲ֪ѡ˭õӰˡ
ϯԨ˵Ǿġ
ԼһСˣҲΪϣάˡ
ϯĶ飬֪ѡȫϣάԼ˵СԴһᣬʲôֻԼ֪ˡ
ϳ⣬ǣֵһһСһ޵ɫ˵Ҳ֪С̻Լϯˡ
ϯԨ״ϯĻǵϯҲϾͻС
ϣάϯģϯԨһ֧ʣڻֽɷǩ¡ϯġ֣󽫻ȥʦ
ֽ׶ûʲô˵ģ̻ĻͯȤϯĵĻ˸߲͵ķ
ϯԵ۳̻ҲãԵһЩ
֮ܶһ֣Ӯˡ
ϯɫϯԨЦϯĵա
ĺܺá
ϣά̵ĺã˾ҲáϯһϣάȻְһϡ
ѧûпΣͿԽСǴȥ
ϯҲûˣԼǳԷ
ƽƽǣ̵ֻĲһٷĹϤ
ϯԵ۳̻ԻѧУϯģһĻϯǿЦá
ϯԨ΢ЦԴ˷ǳּɣһͲõСѧУﰤ۸ˡ
ϯѧУͰչˣϯ塣
ϯϯֻ۳̵֣ǷֽϯԨر˵ϯĵҲ
İɡ
ϯؿڣͷһܵһΡ
ٺƽʱԼչˣҲչ˱ĳˡ
ϯԷһĻЦԷǡ
۳չ˴Ƴ̣⻹һ˵һӦϯôôϯԨ˵ʲôӦ
㷹ǸԷֿ
س̵·ϣϯԨԾ䵱˾ϣάϯں档
ǽ̫ۣϳûϯľͿϣά˯ˡ
ĺĳʱʱͻᷢʹ⣬еľϯĵľԶĳ̳棬ڼʱʱʱȥ˯
ϯԨ͸ڵǰӾһĻ˼
ϯԨ潨̫Ĺϵеʱ˵ѡϯԵȴܶϿȲ˵ϯԺϯĵĹϵ˵ϯԴӦԼ»ûн
ϯԵĶľ֣Щµ뷨
ЩԼȡѣϯȴ׵õ
ϯԵ۸ϯϯҵĵλ˵ǵһ˳λ̳УӦϯΪϯĿõĳӣӴĵǰܹġ
ǧǲֶϯԿз·ֵһᣬɶڴ۳ȴǿɼĶ
ϯ鷳ˣû뵽ôá
ϣάԼϯԨ̬Щ̫ԣƺ׽Щ׼ȷ˵ǶϯԨĿ޷
⧲ϯԨ˼һҲӲֻȻش
鷳ϯĺܹԡ
ϯԨЦ˵㵹ġ
ϣάЩĲɣ뵽ǺܶǰԼû۸ֻдƸߡûϯľԼģҲԲԼȥ롣
ֻû뵽ԼߵĻϯԨû뵽ϯԨϯĽ˵ݵ̬ȣûǰУȴĶϯӦ
̵۸ҲûıϯԨãûһ㲻ͷܵǨͳ̵ΪЩԼӡ󹹳һֽͣϣԾȻǰġϯԨ
ȥϯԨû⡣
ϾԼԼͻؼңalphaӦеʿȣҪ˵ǿڹǿӲˡ
ϣά˵ҪɴϯԨܷѾˡ
ʵϣϯԨҲȷûиϣάܾĻᣬ˵Ѿת˷˹ͼׯ԰ȥ
鱾ӦԼģȴϯԨˡ
ϣάҲͷһ鵽ԹǹȻĵһлл
֮䣬ôϯԨ
ϣάؼңп˼ڡ
ϣάʲô˹ҪΪͬһսߵսѺͶϣά˽⣬ϯԨǼᶨվϣάߵġ
ϣάԸƢҪʲôǴһϡ
δ˹ΪԼϣάϣάһЩֵĳͷϯԨԼбҪȥ˹ǰתһȦ
ôûбϣάȥʵʱˡ
仰ϣάŴû˵
ϯԨ˼
ʮĻȴκ˼ֻϯԨڱ֮ĺϵ
***
˹ͼׯ԰
ΪܰϯĶڳϣ³ǰϯԨϣάϯĽѡ
ʱ˯Ժϯģһǣһ˹ͼؼҵĿ
ϯԨʱܴɣһࡣ
뿴ĳһ٣˹Ͱά£ȫڡ
˹£簲ϯԨɿϯĵ֡
ϯĴ˸Ƿ۾ڿԼĺʶϣά
άעŽϣάֻоԼϸʹ
û뵽ϣάôݣǼƲûԼھȻϯԨ֣ʾһ뵽ά¾̲סҧгݡ
˹˵ϯԨϣά߻ЩڿϯԨվԼǰһ
ϾǸܶϯԨҲ̫ѿˡ
˹̬Ͱ˵˵ϣάȥˣôһôͻˡ
ҵϣά̫ˣԶ˹ڲᷣϣά¹£ϯԨǹһЦݡ
ʲôʱ棬һ졣
Цſڣ˵ĻȴҲϣά˰άµʱ򣬿ĺܣΪ岻
˰ά£
ϣάϣάɫƽ
˵ģѹְά¶ϣάıԼ͸¶ߺޣԭôһ¡
ԼʲôϵϯԨиϰߣ̡
οϣά֮ѡ˭ǻõѡôҲ˳۵ġ
һˣб¾ģЩֶʲô
ϯԨװԼûĻֻ˵컹ϣάչϯģȻСӿûޡ
µķϣĳͷ˰ɡĿġ
ֻôһ˵ڶ˹ﶼΪϣάԼ״
ϯԨԴνҲʲô⡣
ΪǶϣά̬ȺһЩĻɡ
˹ȻóϯԨΪϣά˵û˺һûͬ⡣
ڶ˹ϣάԼϲĴӣֻǷѣѾǺˡ
ҿɲϣάϿʲô˺ۣ˹ô۰ƾӦҲҵ뷨ɡϯԨǵĽϣά¥ߣ⶯ûԵرͻأ
ѣǰû⣬ϯѧ˲١
ѧϰһǿݼ޿ޡ
ϣάϯԨľٶ𾪵ˣû뵽ϯԨôϯԨĶôȻǧٱһ
ϣά§ŵĲԼԼҲһΪϯԨľֹϲڵİάһ
ϯԨֱҪǶ˹ĺܡ۰ƾͲһһɴ̺ʹūˡ
⻰˵ˣ˹˵ʲôֻװ޿κεģͬˡ
ϣάûһˡ˹仰档
ǣ۸
˳ӵϣάȴôġ
Ҫǰά»£һԼͲˡ
ϯԨϣάܿЩʲôüۺЦżַ
£´һ㡣ȻҪԼˡ档
Ҳ֪Լڵɫǻ۳棬Ӧ˰ɣҪٲԼҲû취ˡ
ϯԨע⵽ڳһѾ飬Լݵĺ
˼ţԼ֮ϣάĻ᲻࣬ٴμʾԼ֣ء
ϯ˵ǧǲݶа͹㡣
ϯǧǲݴĵʱϯԨѾðǧǲݸϣάˡ
ֻǳԹġǳֲ³Լû
ǰĲʶһ˹֪ǧǲݵģ˵ڵʱ¶Щɲ
ϣάϯԨԼϵ£ñھͽǧǲ͸Լô
ȻϯԨ档
ҪҰæĵطʱҡ仰ϯԨǿϣά˵ġ
˵ˣϯԨҲ
ɿϣά֣סС̵ĺӣС̴ϣάߡ
ϯĺϰƣֻ˻ӡ
ϣάټ
ټϣάӦһ䡣
ϯԨ뿪󣬶˹ϣάüͷ
طȥû²Ҫһ仰ͽϣάˡ
˹ϲŵûȴû˶ϣάݼڡ
ϲԸԽԽԶĹϵأ˶˹ϣά̬ȲСûάϵֻʣ棬ϣάѾ޷˹ͼؼٹ⡣
ϡ
ϯĲʵϣαſм䣬Ĺһ˵
˾ˣΪʲôϣάؼҡ
Ǻϲϣά塣Ƣ粻ǰ´൱ῴɫϯģķ˶˹Ƕϣά̬ȡ
ΪϣάļңûļҡϯԨԼϵϰȫ
ϯĸղһֱȫ̫˵
ֻԼ;˾ˣûʲôܵסˡ
Ժһϲϣά壬˾ҲϲĶԲԡ
˾˱ϣάˣҶˡ
ô϶۸ϣάġϯ硣
ϯԨڵĻҵͷۣϣάֻദϯΪ˵
ôţȴ֪ϯȫΪԵʲŶϣάô׽
ϯԨòֹ
С̱ˣӣֿʼˡ
˾ˡ
ϣά
ϯı죬תá

һֱؼңﶼġ
ϯԨҪǻûСںԼ׻ˡ
СӵÿȥҲ죬Ƚ˼СҲͲˣµİʦ鱾ͽƷó
ʱϯԨԼϻһд
˾ˣҪƸòá
šӦţ˶ָд
ӵһԣȴƬ̣ŵ輸ĳС
ʲô
顣
飿˾˻ὲ𣿡
ᡣ
顣
ϯԨֻ̾һ
šϯ䣬ԼɵϻСӡ
˯ǰˣһʱ䣬ȷʵҲƽʱС̵˯ʱ䡣
˯ǰʲôһأϯԨŷ˵һҳ
ܾúܾǰϤĿͷ
һңԶϣһֻɰƯС۳档̫ϤΥ͸еݣϯԨȥֻС۳Сӡ
ʮӺ
˯ϯĺ飬һߣ˯ͦ׵ġ
ϯԨ뿪䣬ûǴӦϣά£ڸԼĳŵˡ
һߡ
ԶӵϯԨʱ򣬾һֲԤС
ǰ֮ǰζû£ְҵƿڹҶϼָ
Ѷͨ
ϯԨ۳涼ʵĻϣԶ˾ۡ
æϯԨżɽ
֪к£ⲻ˵ˣԶи̡
˵
ϯԨԼҪϢҩ¼򵥵˵һ飬ɵ˵֪ǻУ޷ǾȥϡƳҩȻܸܲһЩ
ҿǱҹ򡣡
Զ
Ҫδţһֻ۳Ϣҩ۳汣ЭṺԶΪϢҩԴͷ۳ˡ
ʲôԭ뷨
Ϣҩ;ǳһΨһľǻʹƳ泤ڵò۳渧οľ궯Ϊһ㣬ԼЧá
ԼˡԼϣά֮£ûҪ㶼Զ
ҿԳм۸һɵļ۸򣬵ҪһƷ
۳ϢƳɵҩۼ۸вͬA۳Ϣҩձ׼ͬߵļ۸һ֧ҩǧǱҡ
ǧǱһ֧ҩ400ccѪҺɸñ׼ҩԼһǧ֧ҡ
۳汣Э۳ֲȫֻ׬
ⲻô˵Զͼͷ
ϯԨҡҡͷ֪ϵAҩ󲿷ֶṩġ
ΪҩĹӦߣܲȨûаɡ
ֻҪԼһȻҲ㡣
¶򵽣дA۳Ϣȡҩֻ۳汣ЭᣬﻹȥҵôAϵ۳Ϣء
ҩȥ˭֪Щҩֻ۳Ϣģƫƫϣά˵ֻԼϢزŶãҪô鷳
Զ˵ƿԣΪʵȴǾϯԨ˵
ҩҪڡ
áϯԨҲϻֱʡ
Զһ£˵ʮʮҡ
Ҳǰ£ϯԨмţµʱ仹ڿɳܷΧڡ
õ֧
ϲ̫࣬ʮ֧
Ԥе࣬ҪԶ˵֣δҲ̫Щ
ʮֻ֧ռĺһ֡
ܣ̫ˣʾҲġԶˡ
ʮ֧˵٣ѾռĶʮ֮һˡ
ϯԨҲûԶܴӦֻʨӴ󿪿ڲź̸ԼҪ
ּۻ۵ĳƤУԶҧʮ֧ôɿˡ
ǲٶˣԶѾ˵һ㣬˵ͷͬˡ
ҩˣ
ҪȸôϯԨü
Ҫ
ڽʮǱת˵Զ˻кǽˡ
ϯԨרͶ뵽ָĹȥҪڽȥİｫƽS
Ҳܷ£Ȼʱûа취ǳȻܵڶҪġ
ƣռϾԼģڹǳľռɶ
лҪ˵
治Ըĵһ죬о屻Ϳqaq

ϯԨ⵳סڣǶԺĹ(ب)
ôΪĨr(st)q



53 
ʱһȥ
ϯԨԼľԼָS-ҳ̶ȵʱ, Ѿȥ˰ˡ
һ飬ÿճŵġ
ǰϯȥѧУϯԨÿС̵ʱ䶼, ⼸ô档
ϯ˵, ֪ϯϵѧУѧ˰ʱ޸ơ
ϯæ涼ƣͲӣһ, ϯҪôۡ
Ȼ, ˵̬Ⱥһ޷̡
ծûծǷծĵȻΪ˻ծۿ, 󻹲ҪǮ
ô˵, ϯΪϯĲ¿Ҳչ˺Լ, ÿ°ʱԭһЩ, ܻǲڲš
һʼҪϯѧУϯԨѧУշѰ, ȴǳơ
ѧУڵ֪ȥϯѧ, ÿ׼ʱ׼ѧУĳؽϯ, ʡϯ¡
ϯѧȥ, ûҪչ˵Сһ, ϯԨҲ͸ܾԼ¡
ͣ£屾޻, ҪͻSҪһȳľޡ
ϯԨ˵Sֻһ㡣
Ϊûа취۵һǳͻһ, ֻܹݻ, ڶ۽дﵽ˰ٷ֮, ٶȻԺԲƵĳɶ
һһŻû, û۵ǳʹõڶٶȹһܼڱ۵һǳֻ˵á
ٶȱȥڵ̫ˣҪﵽ׳̶ȣҪʱ䲻ֹ
ڵʱоѧоķֲ⣬ЩطһЩЩطһЩ
˽ѹеһռڣȡΪصֶӻŨ̶ȡҲҡ
ҡ
ڵǾԲܹȥʹõģϯԨҲü޵⣬ôŬҲֻ±롭ԼҲбҪһЩðյ£ȥﵽԼĿġ
۳ô취ݣôѾЩüĿ
ϯԨţ飬ʼÿյǼͨѧϰ
鼮άͶӰԱ߻ǻԲİԡ
Ǽͨ˼˹ϽڵǼͨԡ
ϯԨڱ¼ʱֵԣǼͨõԺֺͿʼѧϰ
ͨڲĸ岻ȥѧϰԣΪʹ뿪Ҳܹʹ˵Ǽʷ
󲿷£㹻Ӧ
ֻдĹݵĸ壬ŻȥѧϰǼͨϾʧҲǼ鷳¡еΪڸԼݣϯԨ⡣
һӶڳڣûҪѰҵ뷨ȴҲϣһܹȥ֮⿴ķ羰
ϯԨǼͨѧϰڱС
֮뿪壬ܹһ̶ڸԼݡſھǳԣԱʲôһ
ķ˶йģǩ޷Ǿսߡ桢ײеȵȡЩǩ۳ûʲôϵʮƵ۳ڳ֮ǳټ
ųԽ۳ġһֻ֡Ҳ
սˣұĵ㹥ڦ塣
[εεΡ]
[µĶϢעա]
ϯԨ飬㿪Ϣ
[ԶҩѾˣ͵]
[лˡ]òظ
ˣԶǰ˵ģҩҲȷʵӦˡ
͹ĻԼҸʱת͵ϣάϣϣЩҩܰæϣά
ϯԨú¿顣
һ͹ȥСʱ
Ǽͨѧϰѣѵǽʹã˵дҪ˳ͨ
ֻһ֣ǼͨĸӰƬС˵ȵȣϰ
ΪǰԵʣϯԨԭȵĲʶдʱ׻дǰıʼǡ
ȻڿȥʺᰴԼϰȥ֣Ҳһ¡˭д壬ὲϵһȥ
ϯԨ¥ʱȥձͻϯˡ
Ժſڡ
ѧУƷϯʦİ³Ȼıĳܹ˽Ļ
˾ˣһˡϯǵһڡ
˳Ժʦ΢΢⣬Ǵкˡ
۳ưԸϯԨ֪ԼҪ̫飬̬ȸոպá
˾ҸѧµŶϯÿѧ˵һ췢¡
ϯԨϵ˵ѧô
ѧˡ
Ȼдҿ
ա
С̵Ŀ־ô򵥣ؼмҳȣмҳͣвľϯ̫æˡ
ϯԨżҲ˼ǲǸϯ򻻸򵥵㡢ܹչϯĵĹȱʧҳʼղ̫ãԼ˾˵ôҲܱȲϯ׵ġ
ԼҲһֱһϯģ֮Ҫֿġ
һϯ⹤е㲻ףζǺòʲôΥҼ͵°ɡ

ϯԨȥϯĴڿ֡
ڵȴʱԺȻεεεķٵ졣
[۳֮]
[棺@ȫԱ͵ص]
ϯԨϢʱüͷȺĿǰֻԼܼ꣬λһ㡣
[̽ϲϲҲˡ]
[ϲ]
[ϯԨϲ]
[棺ллˣ⡮ϲȥôһ]
[ܼɣ˵ĺܡ]
[̽˵ܼˣôˣ]
[óʱû㣬ҲԼųȥˡ]
[ۣˡ]
[棺ʲô]
[̽Ҳܺ档]
[Ұ˦ˡ]
ϰ˦ˣϯԨǸϵľưפǰǺְַɡ
ڷˣҲ֪ͬ˭
[̽Ų񰡣˦ˡ]
һֱĳ̽⻰˵ų̂
[棺˾ͷˣһáˣƳ滹]
[ԺЩƳ涼ӣҶĿġ]
[棺ҲҲУֻ㲻֪]
˵Ӳ޵ķʸܻ𳵵ܼһ⻰ǲڰָʲô
[ŲᣬǸ鲻Ϸֵġ]
ǲǣϯԨԵӣ֪϶ûȥ
[̽ͬĻݰݾͰݰݣһԡ]
[棺ʲôʸ˵⻰]
[̽ôûУתĿˡ]
[ǺǣҶ΢Ҳϡˣ]
ϡˣ̽ڻƳˣЩʱûע̽£Ҳ֪Ƿʲôó̽ôת䡣
ϯԨ˼ҶҶ΢ڳһ֮Ե
[ܼҿҵĶˣǻİԣûгˣ]
[ʧü죬ûȥ𣿣]
[㶼ʡ]
ܼϢѴҶըˣǷʲô˾ôҲûʲô
ϯԨͷһؼܼô꣬ըҩˡ
ʱ΢¯һ㿴ֵ˼
Ȼ˷ٿҲһôţóȥϯĳԷ
ʮӺ
ϯԨԹڿɳϣϯľķϷ
ϷĿյԷǰС
ϯԨſܼЦ뷨ңĵʮ֡
ԹЩûʲôϢĶԻҪȡԽüͷԽߡѹܼһһҪӣϢ˵治һǺõġ
Ϣ֮һܼҪ۸ˣϢܼ֮Ҫ飬£ΪǷӳɻ顣
[Ŷû뵽֮еһ۸ģϲϲ]
[˵ǵʩֵܣⲨ]
[»ǺƯģȢؼҵƾ׬ˡ]
ȫֻһܼ
[̽Բۣûֵԭ򣿣̫˰ɡ]
[棺һ]
[㲻˵ѾΪʲô]
[ܼʣʾ̫á]
[@ϯԨ Ų֪϶ڿ]
[һжҪ㣬Ҫôôù]
[ϯԨʲô¡]
ָ֪ܼĵϯܺɵĺ£ϯ˵ѾˣȻ˾ûԼ
[ܼ㻹ҪôҪϯҩϣ]
[ҪǸҩܽϴ桢ϴ]
[ϯԨϹ]
[ܺϯıΪƽʱȱ£㻳Ĳź㡣]
[ܼҪߵĿ죬ñӴˡ]
[ξˣң֪ʱҾͲ()]
[ȿ˵˵ɶֵܴñӵİ_]
ϯԨ뵽ʱ۳ϢضϣάüޣܼСȥ϶ᱻġ
[ϯԨᱻ]
[̽ϴ󣬰/()]
[ܼ⣬Ǻǣҿ˵ҲˣȥǷ©ˣʽȱϯ]
[ףҲСĸ浰ǰ۸]
[Ԩʲôо£ҪȢؼҵġ]
[ǰɣԨ]
[ϯԨ]
Ҳôƶ
Ū浰Լϣά뵽ϯԨԭǵΧ۵뷨ˡ
һ飬һСԼô죬ôô׼
Ҫô׼ͻˣĻҪԶ졣
[ܼĳ۳汻ŵĲҳˡ]
ϯԨعͿֻܼظһ䣺[ҵһûôáҺܷġ]
ͻȻðһ䣺[һ]
[һΰɣҵо׻ϡ]
ƽʱоʲôΪʲôݶ
ⱻôһ˵ϯԨҲе㲻̫϶ˡ
[ܼδȥ飬һ˾콵ϲˡ]
[ͷϣ˭ܸ˵]
[ҲŸճûãҪȢһʮĴƾһġˣһճ͵̥ѣ˲ˡ]
[̽Ҷ֪۹ɽֹ̥ƨ԰ɡ]
[ʲôʱһ]
[棺ǷȢˣûлô]
[ܼҵУͷѾˣǰҲҪҰ󵽻ֳ]
[棺Ҳǻã˯¡Ʊ˹]
[ʵչĻһᵽġ]
[ܼҲġ]
۵ݣܼܲˡƱ˹ܼҵλºصǱߵ˼ԭûг浰ˣ˵ʲôôˡ
˾ˣˡ
ϯĴ˴ĸ첲Щʣ˾ڿʲôղŽü
㶼ûһ

ϯԨȻ˵ԼĿԾĴס
ȡһľ˼ȴѾȫȻϷˡ
ϯԨĶҡҡ׹Ļľžһ±ɢڲ輸ϡ
ʱɢһصĻľһ˹ȵףЩĪܼ꣬ĻȦȥ
˾ˣӮˡϯûʲôֻͬΪӮ˾˾һθˡ
šϯԨĲɡ
ϯڵȥɢĻľ˸߲ҵĽľڷŵ롣
˾ˡ˾
һûõӦϯգ۾ϯԨ֡
˾𣿡
ǾͲˣòá
ϯԨȷʵûˣϯĵͷȻƸͻˣ档
˾¡
ҵôϯȻɻ󣬵ǵ˵ͷ
輸һ߷ϯĸġõ֣һ۵Ƹɡ
˾ȥæɣҿԼ档ϯĺ
ϯԨ뿪
¥˼ȥǾϣάϢ
ûеȻõģһҪе⣬ԼҲ׼
һӡӡʮӷӹȥˣϯԨ׼㶢ŹԵ濴ӣȻһƬհס
һֶûóֻóֱɾˡ
ûøôʡ
ֱ뿪żɽǲǲ̫ʣôίЩôί
⺮Х˿ڵƹҫбб
ϯԨʱŷ֣ǲǴ˿ǲ֪ʲôʱʼѩѡ
Ѿȥ
ȹĵһ죬עĵһѩ
[ѩˡ]
֪䣬һڣ˳ȥ
ϯԨ״ҲٳɣóڶС
[ת䣬עⲻҪð]
[ϯԨ]ϣάϢ
ʹĻܸоϣάڿԼϢʱɻ
[ţҡ]
ϯԨһԱ߿ŵġƳ֢״΢ɵȴᶨƵһ֡
[廹û˯ûʲô]
ϣά[ûУҺܺá]
ܺãΣһ롣
ϯԨŵһж˶һɸС
֪ղĿ롮ƳڡʱĿЩʲôò˵һչԳ˽⣬ԼԴƳڵ˫ظı䡣
ȥ仰ϯԨٿơٺҲȻԱе
[ûô]
ϣά[ϯԨ]
[Ȼشҵ⣬˵ѡ]
[ûС]ϣάǱߵϢܿ
[ϯԨЩ֡]
ϣά⻰ʵޡ
ҪͻȻԼ⣬ϯԨֻ֣öԷвԷƼһҿڱõľҽԺ
˵ϯԼĹȥ棬üˣǰԼѾˡ
[˹ûٷɣ]ϯԨͼתƻ⣬ĵѯʡ
[Դϴ֮ûˡ]
[ǾͺãˣӦĶ͵]
[ϣá]
ϯԨϢĳϣάһͷˮģʵǲȥˡ
[ϯĽˣ˵ˣ´пġ]
˸ڣȻر򣬶һǳɣҳֻʣСҳĹš
Լ˽ٶҲû壬ע⿴ŲÿԷܼ
[۳֮]
[ϯԨ@ܼ [ת]Ƴڲܲʮעл]
[ܼɻڳҡ]
[ϯԨ⣬Ųš]
[ǸÿϾϾ۸ĳˡ]
ϯԨԼмҪʡ
[ϯԨ@ Ҽǵ˵иطΥƷ]
[԰ǺԨʲô]
[ϯԨЩȤ֪ôȥô]
[ȥȥ]
[ԨҪҪʲôҸϵʽˣǵط۳Բȥ]
[Σգ]
̾űʾĺΣա
ϯԨܿ϶еĴΪһ䣬ҲΪôֻҪϵгôһȱĽг
ЩгûеĶϡΥҩƷ˿ڡ֤ȵȡ
[ϯԨжΣա]
һͼˣҲֱ֣Ӿһ˹
[ԨɱȤˣҸ˵ǵطĴƳر¡]
[۳ȥᱻԵʣģ㳤ôÿ۳档]
[ϯԨ˭˵ġ]
[Ҹ˵ģԣ˵ġ]
[ᱻեɵġ]
ĸ磬е㶫׾ʲô˵Ļ
[Уǵط֪ôȥ]ܼðһ˦ǳ⡣
[ôϯԨȥ]
[棺ܼ]
[ûϵϯԨȥҸָ·ѡ]ܼ仰ǻظ档
[Ԩܼģһ㵹ù]
[ܼ˵ˣҾ뿴ùȥеķҪҪ]
[ϯԨҪģûá @]
[ԨһҪȥҸǸ˵ϵʽӦܽȥ]
[Լȥоͽϣάôϣά㡣]
[ܼǣҲУЦ]
[˵緽ʽʲôҪİ취͵ű˹ܴͣƳĹذοɡ]
[˽ķˣҺף֤ܽȥ]
[ܲܳǾͲҵˡ]
ϯԨյܼ˽ģһһͨѶ룬һҪһЩ
΢΢𣬽ܼǴͨѶͰűĿƵܼϢϴϴ
ܼĸ۳˵ü׾ͻᱻ𲻷淴ջˡ
Ч
ϯԨܼƭԼʲôС
ܼûޣܼ˵ٺݣмֶԼǶԤϵõġ
СЩӦòʲô⡣

һߡ
ܼ˽Ľ档
[棺ĸˣ]
[ܼţˡ]
[棺Ϊʲôǵطȥܴ⣬ǲڴʲô⡣]
[ֻܼǰϯԨһæȥ֪ȥ·͸]
[棺ûڿӡ]
Ƕ귢СܼԸ˽͸͸ġ
[ܼô㹻ĻͲ¡]
[෴ĻٻԵͷ]
[˭ȺﳰҵģԵͷǱˡ]
[棺һ㡣]
[ܼνҲûʧʲô]
[棺ʲôֽš]
[ܼҪ˵ôֻ˵ǡ顣]
[㲻ϯԨ˺ܶôҲǿԿǶһ]
[棺㣬һ鳤ķϣҸҸ档]
[ܼţ]
[棺ǼˣܸоĳڵϯԨǰһˣЩδù]
ܼϢþûع
Ȼ֪ϯԨͬˣⲻǸô
ϯԨݣҪϯռһϯ֮ؼֱ̫ˣΪȨϯܹõɲ۳ܹõ˵ġ
۳棿۳ʲôֻҪӴȨģǸñ
ǷˮתǰЦϯԨץȥת˾Լͷϡ
***
ڶһ磬ϯԨ
ϣά죬Լ˰ǧǲȥһֱûڱʾ
ţ˳µһСԤԼͻŵĿݻ档
Զ˵ҩ͵Լܸϣά͹ȥҲڶ˹ǰʾһԼϣάġ⡯͡ġ
һҹѩããһƬ·Ǹι״Ļɨѩ
Ϊһ㣬ϯԨϵĳܶȡˡ
ȻʹõģǶǸֳͣ;Եʣڻûճм׺ġ
ʹõĻ׳ҲС
ֻǺʹȫӵĲͬĻϺͻеϵֳװսװǿԺεײսĿǰϯԨֻڳսƵм
ϯĳУϯԨصڡ
£ֻҲеЩ䡣
С̵ĴϯĶ£Χñףȫװĳš
һ¼ҹˣⱲӹ¼ҹѳ档
ϯԨŰ꺮ůϢڶԷִûô
ԼˣҲû£Լǰˢˢڸаˡ
Сʱ
ҩж͵ˣ֮⻹һմ¶顢ŵ
ϯԨʻûоǻõһԺǾñȽֵġ
ſհ׵Ļǩֱд˼֣λдԼ֡
ϷȫףҪϸڷ·š
еĴСܷ30cmx30cmҩӣϯԨҩӷŽȥϲЩա
ɨһ۲輸ǹЩͶιС̵ġ
ڵʱ̫࣬Եڶûꡣ
һɫǹ̳ҩϣӵĺۼ˸ʵʵ֪ĻΪʲô¼以͵
ϯԨһºӵҩӱأôװеǹҲࡣ
͵ĶдɫĶдīɫԵʮ¾
ϯԨȿݻź󽫶ת֮Įġ
ܿȡѧϰС
Ȱѧϰ

ϣάڹ
¸ʱϰʹȥˡ
µʱ㹻ϣάϤԼڵĹҵӦֵӦԹĸ⡣
ľûнֻǴǰߵغְվЩһġ
ڵĲǵ۹ܲ۹Ļʩ滮ͽ衢Ͻ۹ܾ֡۹ٷʺý塢ЭŹƶϸȹƻȵȡ
ҪǣŻ۹ִߣϵĳʡ۱»㱨
ϣάڸǺڵһ飬µĹ棬˵¼Ҳȫǡ
ڹϣάӵԹܼҵĵ绰
ֻսһ仰û˵ܼٶȺܿİѻ˵꣬Ȼ͹Ҷ˵绰
ϣάүҾԼǩձȽϺãѾÿݳתȥˡȲˡ
ϯԨ˵ӦԼĶ͵Լ¿ҩΪ첻ڼԲŸܼ˵ǩա
ڹܼ˵תԼˣʲô˼
ܿģϣάɻͽ⿪ˡ
ͷſݿĻıQQÿʶͨ¥ȻչܼҸĵַۡ͵ǰ
īɫϵŶдУһƯʮʻ
Щֹϣά죬Ҳ˰칫ƳĿ⡣
ϣά˭͵ģ
ϵòĴƳչЦ˵пƬô
ƳͻҲ֪࣬Χ۰칫ͬ£㻻Ҳİ칫Ļ
ϣάſƬ
ΪͬʱߥޣҲȷʵ֪ϯԨҪʲôֻдӦ͵ҩôлʻ춼û
[һܳ
Ĺȥ룬δҲ
ϯԨ]
ֱд׿ΪڵḻıΪϯԨṩ˾ѵӣʻϿĻʱĽȼü֮
ϣάĿſƬϯԨЩĪĻڻУ΢
ϯԨʲô˼Щס
ϣά˼к壬ߵĴƳȷʵѾȵĽƬϵݶ˳
Ҳ̫ˣϯԨ׷۳𣿡
ϣά¿ƬԾתתָϵĽָš
ǰɡ
֣ΪʲôͻȻϯԨ֮ǰҪǿҵ뷨ϣά˼Щʧء
ʲôԴ
ʻ⣬ȴҲǲܽͣǸӵĶԲʲô
ϣάʶܾ
ҪϯԨϣЩҩ֣Ͳµװɿ
Էָ죬ɶдϵĽ᱾һ鼴ɣϣάµʱѾˡ
Ǹ
ϣάŵһߣҡҡ˵ûϵԼô
⡣ƳЦЦ
ϣά֪ˣûϵĶûͺá
һ󣬼ƳûٿԼߣϣάӷŵϥϴĿһ۾ͱǻ̵İװŵЩ
գգ۾ȷԼûп
ﻨ̵ȫǡ
ЩǺ죬ϣάԼȥϯԨʱϯĸԼ
ϯԨϯĵģ
ֻǵĻԡ
ϣάץһǣһ㣬֮пһɫĽӡ
ϯԨҪԼģЩǴΪĿռ䣬Ҳпܺεġ
ûг˼̫ãϹ
ι¡ϣά졣
⼸û㣬㲿ŵ˵ݼˣ岻ӦϢ졭
ݼ٣ݼ٣ݡ
⼸Ҷû취磬Ҳͷˡ
ϣάţҽȥҪ˵ҪЩͣϣάģֻ޷ƵƢꡣ
һˡ
ϣάһЩŵʣʲô
һˡظһ顣
֮ǰЩֵĲʷӦΪҼӰ๤µģΪӵСڡ
һϢϾиԼСҲ
СľǸͷβĻϢҴƸ̸ܼˣ˵Ҽ޸ܼƾ
ϣά֪²¿ЦҲ˵˵ĶģЩ㵵Ļز
һ̣׳Ļ𾪡
ϣάҽҲȥ顣
Ҳܵġϣάʶ£ѹҵҺû⡣
ǰʱĲʣϣάԱԼôҲСг浰
ûеȻãһء
ҽ˵۳ûߵµģķӦң浰Щȶû۳澫Ϣصĸο浰ᱣס
֮ϣά¶û⣬Ҳǳ岻ƳУһ㶼ǿ۳ֲ⡣
һҩӰ죬һ־壬˭֪ûдʩ
ӦòСϣάϯԨѯԼЩ⡣
ԭͻȻԼ֪Լûкһϳ浰ôϯԨѾܼ˵ˣϾǺѡ
ͳЩΣҵģϣάȥ顣
֪ˡ
ͨϣάϵĻС
µĻȥ飬֮ǰҪ١

ϯԨڶ
ľ⣬Sܹʵ廯ʵ廯ǱȾӦһʵ廯ۿɼ
Ĵֳƣ輸ϵˮǹõĹߡ
ҲʱֻԼŻô޼ɵʹþ
һѶƮĻ棬ͦ˵ġ
ϣάʲôûյô
ϯԨһ۹ԣһĨ뽫ԲƾС
ϯԨǼ⣬ǲΪ¡ϣά
ƽʱһ侲ϯԨȴЩԡ
⣬ϣάҲ֪ºܼˣȻԼ֪Ļô
㶼֪ˡ
ϣάЩݵ˵Ҹһ£¡
Ҳ£˵ϯԨһ飬ȴһȥ
ϵϣάǰĻֲԤС
ҽԺ
žһص
ʲô
ϯԨ˵ⲻҪ
Ŭƽھҵղֱ̫ӵ¾ûԼյĶȻء
Щ߰ڿлţиԼԼ˺üᡣ
ĸҽԺûС
ڵȽ
ֻǺ˵һһĽ
ϯԨЩͷʹʱ˻ԼܣֻԼ׼
˵ĸҽԺҪ֪˵ȫݾܾ
ϣά̾Ϣһ˵ҽԺ
ܺãλңȻҡ
ϯԨſڵףһ뿪ҡ
ʮӺ
վϣάǰ
׼ȷ˵Ǻϣάһվҽǰ
ҽЦ͵ĵݸһű浥˵ϲλҪƸ۸ˡ
ϯԨǰһ˲ľȻǱ֪جġ
ϣάű浥ҲûֽӹŵŴǲ֪˵ʲô
ȻϢĲʱˣҲ̫⧲׼Ϣʧȥ˷Ӧ
ϯԨӦǿʱϣάһӦ
˹ǣɫݼһʧЧЦݿȥЩǿ
ллҽ
ˣҪһЩҩ̥÷
Ҫȥ¥´ȡҩ
õģˣûǾȥˡ
ûˡ
ϯԨϣάϣάܵĴԼ
Ҳǣ⺢ֲԼҪ˵ܴĻϣά
ַϣάϣά˫ãȻ˵ȥҩȻؼ˵
ϣάӦһšмֹɵζ
ǵһμз򣬿ϯԨϣάʱ򣬻̲סС
ȫԼĴֲĲڻϣάҪеġ
ҩϯԨϣάԼҡ
ϣάĳԶԼȥȻûǰϣάϵĻó
ϣάɳš
ϯԨڳﵹˮðıӣһʱ侹ȻЩĲ֪Żҽźá
лҪ˵
ǵģԨҪˣ
ϯԨлл㣨ҧгݣ
Ҿ¿Զǧծһӡ



54 
ϲϷ, ǰһвӱܾܹģ˾ҪеøǲΡ
ΪһalphaʱұԼ, ϣάҵǸ
ϯԨ˾
ȨӦԼ, ԼҲûȨȥôǲϣάʲôԼϣҲԼΨһˡ
뿪, ߵ, ˮŵϣάǰ
Ⱥȵˮɡ
ллϣάʹ֪Լ˵ʲô
ˮ¸ոպ, Լ, ů˳ȫ
ϣά֪Ǵ, Ϊ¶Ⱥ㶨ʮů, 棬ӭůĸо
ÿϯԨ֪ͬôڡ
ղڳͦõ, һϣάЩɡ
輸ϻŸմҽԺҩ, ƿƿ޹ƿ, ȫڱҪõġ
ϯԨ֪ϣά̫, ǻжҪôҩ, Щⴥ֪ʶä
Ĭ˴Լһӣ֪ȥ, Ҫµľ档
ϯԨ֪ϣάƤԼȿڡ
ϣάô롣
ӡһڴתƼζû˵, ڶеĸо, ͻȻһ, ĺʵС
ϣά̧ͷ, 
ϯԨнţΪ֪ϣάȥ˵ʲô
ϯԨղȥҽԺֻһᱡ£紵Щ죬ϣάǵϯԨҴҸʱӣǾٱܲŻеģ
ʹůڣɻܿǰµĺۼ
ϯԨĻһ˵ڣʵʹ̬ȡϲͻȻֵĳ浰
ϣάȥָʲô֮ǳ⡣
ԼϯԨ˽ֲε۳棬Ȼ˵֮Ļ෴ϯԨô˵֤ϸϸ˼ô⡯
ϯԨձֱϣά˵Ļ
ⲻӦó֡ϣάһ仰ͬڷ浰Ĵڡ
ûи壬ϣάֻһ⡣
⻰û⣬ϯԨǰĸ׽ܡ
ͬʱҲϣά˼ȻֻǸ⣬ôȻǲá
ԼϯԨ֮䱾Ͳ⣬ֵʱҲʣڵԼû취еҲС
һ浰ҪĲֻǴƳ棬Ҫ۳ϣϣάԼ£ǰϯԨܴܻӦ
ûҪ
ϯԨȻѾˣôǲҪŲڴĳ浰ĺá
οԼҲһôƸ
ϯԨϣάĵõԼƺûеɡ
ϣάȷĬֻǲȷأԼǰļƻӰ쵽Լδѡ
ϯԨ˵Լ
ϾĴƸҪԼ͸ûȥ˵ʲôˡ
뷨ϯԨ˵˶ٽŵȨ㣬
Ҫϣάɫ䵭Ĵδ˵Ļ
ûǶá
ϣάԼû֣ϯԨô˵ʱűӵʶ
Ҳá˵ʲôȴ̲סԼʲôԡ
ϯԨƳǴҩθ˼֣ЩҩĹעֻվ
ʹ֪ǲǸոѿȥѧϰķܸΪһӵȨĸ壬ɱ˾ǶɱˡԼĲΪĬϣͬǶȺ
Ҫģֱ˵
ᣬֻΪЩʲôԼܺЩϯԨ뵽ﲹ֪۹̥ԡ
ҿԼ
㲻ùܣʧġϣάĻУԵø顣
ϯԨ˵ˣʱԼɡ
ϣάô˵аս⣬ȻԼҪľ
ϣάͻȻҪö浰Ϊʲô£ʾǰЩгϸĵĳ浰Ŵʼǿĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳʮִ
û۳Ϲȳ浰ö浰ܳɳĳҲزۡ
ڹеĴʻ㣬ϯԨڿꡮ̡ͺ󲻽ĬζʮļֵۣԼ侲
ʱʱ̶̿ķڷϵ壬Ƴ滳Ĺ̶ô˲ֱӡ
ĳЩȵalphaomega֮컻ҪʤһϯԨܹԱ඼ЩܲˣaboԱֻ֮ǰܾ˵°͡
ǸϯԨ˵ˡ
ϣάҡͷֵĺ鲢ܹϯԨ
ҪǸǶû뵽΢ԥϣάˡǡʡ
ϯԨһ̬ǿӲһһǷġ
һŵΥԭ£Ϊһ¡˵ڣˡ
ϣάһ㶣Щ̫ˡ
˵ûҪô˵ͼϯԨһ֣صģϣάԼ˵Ҳı䲻⡣
Ȼûа취ı䣬ǲʹӦ
ãҼˡ
õϣάĴ𸴣ϯԨ΢кЩЦ⡣
µϣάܾϾڵԼ˳ŵκζŵĿǰҲͿͷ֧Ʊû
̸׺ĬĬԵգǶоЩ졣
ϣά룬Ҫ뿪
ʱˣҸˡʱֻСʱļ٣ʱ䣬Ҳûȥˡ
㡣ϯԨ˼˵
ϣάûдӦѾڲ輸ϵҩͰӣ־ԼýΪǶһ٣ƽΡ
߰ɡ
˵ʱ䣬ԼӦϣάԸ
ԴСѧȥԺϯֻһ˷ݣԼֲ³ϣάԷǿЦô
˵ˣзҲʳʱʳ
ϣάˣûиԼܾѡ񣺡ҿԼгȥ
ؼҸ졣վſڴЬͷ߽ϣά
ϣάҡͷҲؼҡ
ͣ´ЬĶؼңȥģ
һڣϯԨͷԼʵ̫ˣĿڵȥĶûϵһ㡣
һţ洵
һϣά˵öഩ·
Ƴûô¶ȶ˵ʲôϣάʵشϯԨϯġ
ǹֱĽͣصôԼĹľô
ϯԨ򿪳ϣάϳ
ϣάü㲻ⶼҪܾɡ
۳˺ȻԼעվڳԣⱻ紵ϯԨϣάЭˡ
ںϣϣάҩŽ³ʱҸطˣⶫǱȥġ
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ĻϣάԼĵַ
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ϣάԼֻǸС⡣
֪ܲΪʲôϯԨԼҪչ˵Ķ󣬵ûбҪϢ
ϯԨ٣ϣάĳǿԤϣĺ˳һԣôܻ䡣
ȻҲ֪Ĺʲôȷ״ȥҲԼо񡣡
˼ص˼Ż᲻Լڡ뵽ϣάֻô̵ʱ;Щʡ
ĹҪû㶼У˵˾Ϸ٣ǺߵĻҲ١
ϯԨΪϣάǡ
õϣά㹻ͻ֪ѡʲô
ϣάĬˣϯԨĻ˵Եǲ֡
Сʱ
˹ͼׯ԰ĴŴ򿪣ɫʻɴʯ̾͵Ŀ·ʻſڡ
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ϣάүôʱ
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ϯԨǸϣάģýȥ
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ϯԨͻȻ֣ܼҾԼЩ̫ڵ۳ʲôӷԸߵͳúá
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ѹˣϯԨ΢΢ͷ
¡
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ҽԺִҴ۷ԼҺҽԺ䣬ϣάûʱԷ
ϣάףһ𸴡

ʵҪ侲ĺֹϣάһϯԨ̬Ҳþķƽˡ
˹ͼׯ԰ͣ·ϡ
ϯԨαϣάǰʱĳ򶨼ʧ
ϣάԼʱ򣬾Ĵ㡭ҽеʱ򣬻һı
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ϲϲǾ
ܼ˵׼ˣõĲ黵顣
ϯԨץ˼ͷ俴˳ǰԼĮӡ
һûмˣǹ¼ҹһһˡϯԨһĪݣʵûȥ
ʹԺ͡ϯԨѪԵ׽ϯҲһ
ĸңĥ
һѪ̫ʱˣԼ˵ͽգնҲǼ¡
ֻû뵽ǣԼԺϣάиܾȻûжų⡣
ҲǣϾҲϣάԼЩĴƳٶԼԼˡ
ϯԨ뿪ԼҪ¡
ϣάľԼѡ
һߡ
ϯԨĳ뿪˹ͼׯ԰ϵļ̽ͷֿʼתת֮ǰһֱ׼ϯԨͣλá
ׯ԰ڣϣάķſڡ
ܼһƽŷŷ˵̣ڳ÷ţүҡ

ܼŽȥȻŹϡ
ϣάڴߣڷ
ϹܼĻƿϯԨ͵Ļбһߡ
ܼҽ˷ŵϣڴͷϣ͵˵Ұѷһȣȳԡ
ϣάӦڲòͣ˵뿴ϣά˹ϣάû±ǰЩϣάӼ
˹壬лл㡣񣬿ܼҡ
ʲôлģҺƸѣչӦõġ˹Ц˼ǰĿף˵˵ϯԨ·ݲ봫Ҳһʵ
˹˵㻹мĵģղųͣׯ԰þû뿪Ҳ᲻㡣
ϣάΣ˹塣
Ҳ֪ô£˹ԴϴϯԨһκ󣬾ͶϯԨӡΪĹۡ
һʼ˹ԵľϯԨڵǳ۳治ò࣬ŲɾšȻȷʵˡ
ðɺðɣҲ˵ˣѷˡ
Ȼỹô
ϣάҡͷЩˡ
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ΪҩòϴϯԨĺˣĺ˺Խҩͣˡ
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ҩûЧ˹֪ġϣάֻҸڣû뵽˹ô档
ɫȻҵڻܿƣֻżܰˡ
˹Ĺӣ汻šǧǲݣЦˡ
ǧǲݶãôţԽöԽá
ϯԨһæġ
ϣάǣ˵˹壬Ұһô
㲻ϲ˵ҲҪ˵ϣάѾˣٺǰһԡ
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
û˲˹ڳϣάڷġ
ϵķûθڣ⼸춼ԭΪĺһʱҲûЩ뵽ϡ
ϣάͷԼƽ̹ʵĸȫһö̥ʮºᷢһų浰һֻ
¼ǰ岻θĳԲ¶޾ɡ˯ƢϣάڵĲŶСⲻСıײϾһĹѪͷ
ȱ۳ϢɵĲӦֻͨҪϢصλͲ⣬ȱٵĻ̥ԷȻȥ
ڼ䣬Ƴ÷ǳԼ浰ֻ۳棬۳߲Ը뿪޲ֱӰԼ۳ϡ
ѹǼܼĴˣֻǺӡһÿܼŭ壬ֱܼһǴſͣ¡
µԼķӦ΢ȫԺԲơ
۳棿ϯԨô
ȷУϣάΪܵϯԨϢصӰ졣ϾϢԽԽԼľпƣѹֵľһξܽġ
ĺԾĿƸǵ˴롣
ϣά򿪺ӣǹŵһԡ
ǹװҩӳǰ¿۴ӣڷŵʮ֧ҩ
ϣάһ֧ͷֺӵĸ߶Ȳԡ
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ԼֻҪʮ֧Ĳ˵Ҳ֪ϯԨġ
ϣάҩЩĬ
֪ϯԨĺ⣬ʮֻ֧ô࣬²ֹЩ
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۳ϢذԵǿᣬϯԨȫȴûκβʸС
ҩʰãϣάźá
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[Wңһѡ]
[ڰҩһѡǺǣŲš]
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[W:ңûоҷӦ֢״΢]
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[Wҩαװͨҩ]
αװͨҩŭûĴƳ濴Դһ¡
Ȼ⿴ôάԼҪģⲻӦðҪάԸֻ۳ˣô᲻Ը³浰
Ƴɻȴֱֲʡ
[ڰҩҰġ]
[W졣]
ϣάʹõαװַ󣬾ˣûܡɫҩ⡣
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ɶ
ȥУԼõһµ׷ʲôҪάŪų浰ⱻǸ֪˻пܻά֡
㲻άҪ浰ǸѲϵǸϼһάϿʲôˡ
***
ϯԨһƽ
ֱϯĵһͨ绰լڼҵʱ⡣
Ǽҵ֪꣬϶յ룬ǵôϣάһȥ
ڶ飬Ժ᳡϶ҪϣάƯЩҪϯҶ
۸Ų̳еҽϯȥˣⶼ
ϯ˵㻹ûֵĳ棬鲻ҪٲȥˣһȥϯԹͨ
ϯûӦʱ䣬˵ЩµѡϯѾˡ
˵Щϯľͽͨ
ȫ֪ͨԼϯԨЦ
Ե۳棬ҲʣĻݺԼðݵĽɫһˡ
浱ϯûֽŵĳ˭ϯĵӦǲ鵽ˡֻЩôԼһԼϯԲȥ
⣬Ų̳˳ģҪǴϣάϯ¡
뵽ϣάϯԨ˼
Դǰ·ûϣά
ԼϣάĽٵĿҸҲҲ
ںˣǰǸֳɵĽڡ
ô˵øлϯģϯԨû𾴵ţͨϣάš
Ҵ󲮵˼Ҵһϯ
뺯򿪵㣬ʱô
Ǿô˵ˣʱȥ㡣
ϯԨǵ˵껰ͨ
ϵ뺯û
ǰĹϵﻹ̫ᣬԽԼһó
ϯԨϣ٤˼
ˣԼǲóϣάæοοһܱ鷢
ھǼºԳﶼӰҪʹ˿϶ԵԼ֪
ڶ졣
ϯԨΪ£ǰСʱȥϣά
μȻܺƽʱһϲֻǰճϴеΣĿûһ
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ϯԨ£Ȳ衣ܼҶһ衣
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ҪȥһôܼʮֺƵ
ϯԨֻ˹ͼؼҵĹܼҿԼԴ˵üĿԼһʱܼԶֿףȴԴЩȳ
ԣʲôӰ쵽˶ԷԼ̬ȡ
ãҲ絽ˡ΢ҡҡͷ
omegaǰҪһʱ䣬ƳӦҲҪԼŵžˡ
˹ϯԨˣЦ˵Ҫǲ⣬졣
˶ڣΪܼܲŵȡ
ϣάүٶȺܿ죬ܿͿԼˡܼüۺŴȺЦ⿴
ϯԨñӵŴߺһڲ裬ǿסǵ΢΢鶯
Ҳôżĸ￴ŮĿô£ǵϣάĴƸǹܼҰɡͳϣάƸһģ̳ĳ࣬Ҳܳ
ϣάү۳ټ
ܼҸпΪƳϣάүȥȺ۳ĳ̬
ϯԨ±ӣ˵ҵôΪ
ҲãҽҲãֻǷô
ܼҼɫȻû¶ֲݣ̽˵֪ϣάүôô
Ŷ֪ģҿϣάү󣬶Щ档

ϣά¥ʱ򣬿ľһĻ
ϯԨͲ˹ĵķǳ죬ٱ
ϣά
ںͲ˹ϯԨϣά¥ֻһˡ
мܲסĳƫƫӹܼԷϣάĹϵ
͸òò̬ȶԴ
ϯԨֻװַܵӦ˹ĸ⣬Ȼ࣬˹зִ磬ûһЩΪѵ⡣
Һܾãϣάû뵽ôˣھԼʱҲ硣
ϯԨ˵ã㣬Ư
ȻΪ˶ܹܼң⻰ҲĵģԼӴϣάֻɫ
ܼЦӯӯ˵˵Ҫȥ˵ϯԨ˵Ե
ллõˡϣάӦʲô¡
ڿԳˡ
ܼǳţЦŵϣάүϯԨ£ףиҹ
ԳĹذԵֿ뵽ܼ֮ǰԼʲôʱҪ̣ԼϲϲƳ̵һͷۡ
һ㶼ͳйص⡣
ϣάʻ˵Ŵһ೵ϳ
ϵȫʱϯԨ۽ɨϣάڳʲô
ʱ䣬Ӧûûаɡ
ׯ԰رգ𽥿
յĳһϤּЩİζԼϢصζЩһһΪڸסѩɵ㡣
ϣάģֻԭ
ôңΪʲôϣά˳Ĭ
ﻹûһݡ
ϣάԣ˵ҪʧˣҲ̫
ҲᣬÿԻæ
ʲôá
㲻֪ϲʲô᣿

ϣάԣѵĶ֪ϲʲôԼô֪ʲôá
㲻֪ĻΣһ㶼ԡ
ǾڰɡϯԨֱö붼û룬ûʲô˵ҲȱʲôͲˡ
ϻ͵УԼͶҲˡ

Ǽҡ
ϯׯ԰۳ĳһǼȻϯңׯ԰ȴǲȱġ
ľͺׯ԰ƻԻͣǳ
Ϊ۰ҲΨһһӣһεĳųС
ϯԨЯϣάʱվſӭ
ߵϣάﾪȴûбֳϵͦ׼ʱģһΪҪȵ㵽
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ֻϴô𡣡
ϯԨ֪ģͺͳ̽Լڰ·һ
ϲݹȥ
վôܿü㡣濴һ۳̽ߵĴƳӹֵѾˣʱȥܼ
ܼأỹûɡ
ˡ˵һߵϣά˵ǴһģôǵǺĬ
ԼδƳμӡ
ǵ٩
ܼˣҵøϽȥֿ̽˻˵˵ĺܲңǵȥЦǣȥĹ
ϴǿ߰ɡ
̽ĴƳһŤͷһкһ˽ȥ
ϯԨһ㶼⣺Ƚȥ
ȥɣῪʼЩʱ䡣Ŀɨϣάֱ۵֣Цñ⣬˵żҲԡ
ҵû뵽ϣάôܣҹĿ࿴ˡ
ϯԨע⵽Ŀ⣬ƫƫ˵ʲôԼҪġ
ϯҪίʵ˵㣬ֲܲرǽϯԻϯҵϯԿԼϣάһסزʶѱϯԲȥϯĴС档
ϣά߽ׯ԰
ôǼܷѾ£ϯԨѹûңμ߹ǴĿˡ
ϣάһɵ˵ȥ¡
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˵ںߴõµĳαߵңҿӦԼȥ
ϯԨüһɣܼӦúһ𡣡
ղų̽˵ȥܼˣһϲ֣׼Ѿܴһ齫ˡ
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õЩǺ÷ʱпһɫСѩɨɹߵСþɫʧȥʱӦе
˵϶Ҫ䣬תˣ׼ˡ
ϯԨǰ̤õ֣žֵ˳ŷԼС
ס̽žͿæϴϴҴס
ʲôС֡鱨Դôܽףǽͷԣ
㶮˵תЦеĺ˸кԨôȳ̽ô࣬ȻҲԲ롣
Ļ϶ͳ̽һҹ
վܼܼԶ£ڿϣάʱ򼸲ǰסϣά֣ڼ俴ҲûϯԨһۡ
ϣάһҵ
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Ὺʼʱټ
ϯԨͿֱӰϣάˣЦұˣܼ㲻˵ԼôƳ温ô
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Ԩ̺δϱڴ̬仯У˭ûûû콵һñҸ±ƣָйǣԡ߶()
ֳ1kһ統ϸûӳɵļӸ



55 
˻ûϰ, Ҳûϣά档
Ȼ߹ϣάȥ飬ȴ֪½Լ˵
ûСϣάκԥ
´һϣά, ֱȶһԼǰʱ, ȷϣάȷʵûºһ
˵ϣϣάг浰ɾ, Ȼûиá
Ǿͺá
·Լ˵Щ, ˵ҵ˼ǻûеǼǽ飬Ҫ, ȽԺá
, һѾ
ϣάǹԼ˳浰, ֻǾûҪ˵, ѾòҪˡ
˵ֻͽģ˽, ¿϶ͬԼҩǿų浰
Լһ, һ˵һ, û, Ҳֻˡ²֪Լй, ĽǶȿԼϯԨĹϵȻá
ܼôԺ, ϣάϴЩС
ҪˣԺҪ۳һӡЦһ
ܼķϣά˽⣬, 治ϣºܼմϹϵ
ʲôֵ¡ϣάšü
¹, , ȥʻ
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ƾĵλǴܱȵģ˽۳ԴƾʲôԣȴҪƾһЩӵġ
µĺ̨Ʊ˹壬ܼô˵ֱ̫ӳ嶯ˣһӶ¡
ɶ񶾣嶯ûԣϯԨ
ˣҾ
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ϾǴܼ
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۳ĺǵݣ۳ڼеĵλǷȣǷɣôʼҳһ۳ġ
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ϯԨܼڳεαϵģŸһյյӵƵĺ档
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ϯԨܼмҵ۳û˰飬˵߾ߣͳ̽Ϊֵ¡
һֻ졣
Ԩ˵ܼϱϱȥˣȤʡ
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ϯԨһ̽˵Լϡ
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Ҫʼˡϣά֮ǲٵʱˡ
˵ûϣά߹ȥ
һɫԲԾ£ϯԨ߰ɡ
ܼҪһʱ⣬ԼϣάǲҪˣϣάҲôġ
ϣάͷ˵á
ȵȣԨҺһߡϽǰվߡ
еЦǲܿģǻᱻġ
ϴҲǡ̽Ҳ
û뵽ͳ̽Ҳôʱ򣬻ΪǻϯԨһûоܾ
ϣάǰ棬̽ں档
ϯԨ߽Щϣάע⵽ϵı飬ʣڵġ
ıѯʣϣάЩ⧲
ϣάĬȻһ˵һЩ
ϯԨռʱϯԨķûгʱôءΪϯԨչ¶ĳϿֿ̬ȣϣάĶЩҡ
ƺ۳ҲȫǹԼĿ̰ӡ

ͳ̽ù죬Բ͵ȫǾԭ
[ԨʲôʱôˣԣӦ˵ʲôʱѧᰲοƳˡ]
[̽ʲôֵģϴʲôᡣ]
[⣬ӽˮ]
[̽͵ǲǲ̫á]
[ԨͲ˵ˣû¡]
ϯԨܼദʱ䣬Ҫϣάã֪ܼղȫû˵
ܼʲôģֻ˵˵
˵ģϣάƺ֤
ţղŵֻϯԨ˵
֪ϣά˶٣Ǿ䲻Ҫ浰Ļܼ˵⻰ʱ̬ʾǲĵģٲô
ʵûܶ١ϣά˵
ţ֪ǵʱϯԨͿˡ
ԼϣάĲͶװֻǿάűϵ侲ˡ
[ԨǷ־Ͱ϶ˣҪ֪ԨʲôӣһΪԨڰοϣά]
[̽ѵɩӺѰɡ]
[ȻǣԨʲôʱ£ֺôƳʲôֱ]
[ֺֻǵķݡ]
̽һѾĿУϴɩӲһǰԴƳ̬ȫȫһô
[̽ʧָô]
ըˣšһѳ̽

̽ʹϯԨע⣬ͷһۣͼ̽졣
ûû£ԨǼġ˵ţ۵ų̽
̽ί֪ĻԼº֡
ϯԨϣά˵ֻͨ죬漰κβ˵Ļ


̣ˮǡ
ڲܴ󣬱ǷɢڸȴԼͬĽλ
Ӧͳ洩ڼ䣬Ϊ
ϯԨϣάڶ¥˸λãڴҶ㹻罻£¥ϵĻҪ¥¸á
ȥܿ貽һԡ
ߵͳ̽ûطȥɴ͸Լϣάˡ
̽Щ棬ѹʣǺĴƳ˭û
ϴʶô
ǵáĻȥʮַܡ
ǰļôЩ󲿷ֶЩëƤݣϲʶĴƳ棿˭ʶ
ʵҲڱǰµļж
ʶ⡣
λͷɴˣ۸ǵ۹γ۵ĵܵܡ
һôǵĳôݲ͵ĳ棬ˣӦöΪ۳Сġ˵عζˡ
ѹ۸ҺúʰԼ
ҿܵĿ졣
ϣάĿֻƳϣԺиֳĺͶԷйصϡ
۳СӣȥݺܸߡϯԨһ᲻µ
ܲô˵ſ˿ܣڵ
һϡ٣һڱ˵۳˾ǴƳ涼ûһֻλСӿм̳Ȩġ
Ȼû꣬ҲٳڴҰˣһеδ۳׷
ѡ
˵ͷˣôͰǳϹϵ
˵ԨļҲ̫ˣЩ»Ҫעһµġ
ʵеϧԨҪû飬Ӧȡһ¡пţһߵϣά
ûʲôϧģҲҪ
ðɺðɣ֪һĶĳֻƳϣȻ٩
ϯԨ˼ȥϣάı飬տסԼֻӳһ䡣
Ҫ˵
ϣάû˵Ļ·άӵĳ֣ǷԤʾŻڲ仯Լ·Ϊʲôѡ񹫿ĳϡ
ѵǺǼйϵ
𷢱ۣͦÿ滹ͦ䡣
̽ϣ˵֪˭ˣ۸۹ֻһҡ·άӡ
ǿŲԺͲһˡеĵ
Ƴǰȫӣ㲻õʱȰǸߡȰ׳ŶԣƳձ鶼ӣû
άӣǻϡ
ϯԨ˽ṹʱȻûǵϵơǾԵġƣŽڳ۵ͳ¡
֪ڵĳֽаġάӣúͼ࣬ٳڹϡΪҲǳʵĴƳӵнڳ۵ĵλȨ
֮ǿŵ۹תʵȨǣʵȨĴǺΡ¡е󵽲˼顣
ϯ֮һҾء
˹ˣôûȸϢܷѽ⡣
԰ǵԸ񣬾·άҲΥԼԭѵ
Խ²ԽƫĻϯԨ̲סһ䣺
ǵĵʱһϡ
˾ǵĽܡǼҼʹƾĳ֣Ȼⱻܵ·άӡ
еĵƹⰵȥȴൽ𣬺ܿЩ߿ʼϡ
޵еģһӳ
޲ϣв֪ʱһöʯ
ͶӰԣʹĿƼͶӰûеԼĵز
˵ǡ̫ӡЩ
ڵһʱ俴ʱϯԨЩΪѾԹĵزҲ̫Щ
ҪĻ˵ͨˣʣԳĿƼˮƽ㲢ѡ
ʽҪʼˡ
ϯԨעڵλã֪۳ĳʽô£ϾһδˣһλôΧҲ֪ʲôʱ
ϧϴĳʽˣһͦ뿴ġ

ʽΪ۳ڳѵʱ򣬲ڱ޷Ƶľˣɹɳʽ۳ľᷢ仯֪ǷнһĿܡ
гʽһֻS۳棬ղܣֻ۳ı塣
ϯԨһûã޷ʵ廯ľû취ۿģҪʽľѹ̾Ҫųȥ鿴
ôڳ£ֻΪŪʽðֵôҲʲô֪ɵ顣
ϯԨȨףѡ˷
պʹ治Եȡ
ϵܲ٣صʵû£һҪǱĵĳ巢׷飬ʱ鷳ˡ
Ȼþ̽ôֻȿܿˡ
öʯھɫĹâʯϣֻһ˲䡣
Ǵӳֵʧٶ˻ԼǲۻˣϯԨܿ϶Լˣʵ廯ֻж̶һɲǡ
A̶A+ǱS
A+
SǱһ濴񶼱ˡ
ϯԨҲЩԾɾ̶3600ҲAܴﵽ۷A+SǱ
ǱS̫ˣҶ֪ҳʱûAա
̽Ĩһ̾˵ҵȼֻBøס
SǱȻһͻƵSô˵Ҳпܡ
ǺҲ鷳¡
ĵ鷳󿩡ֻҲ侮ʯΪ浣ġ
ǽģϯԨǼģ⻰ĬĬʾͬ
ȼԽߵ۳Խ׷ϯԨܵΪС
ˣԨûʹ㾫
סģϯԨ˵һԼãϡͿľ͹˳һء
̶A+
ˣҿƽˡ̽˸ۡ
ԨƽʱôģҪûҲA+ҾҿҲС
ĻԷΪƨԣܹͨģ϶ͻԵĽչ
ʽڽˣߣȥԵ㶫
Ǽҵĳˮƽǲġ
Ҳȥ̽һԣѪ
Ԩأ
ϯԵͻȻ֣Ҫǵľ۲ˣҰԨЩ顣
˳ԴȥϯԺ߽ǡ
ϯ磬ҰԨʲô°ĺܣϯԨĹϵϯҲ˵ϼ仰
ȥʶһЩʶ۳档
붮Ŷˡ
ֻ̽ˡһ˵һų̽뿪
ϯԴϣάüͷһѰǴȤ˵Ϊ۸߹㣬ֳЩʲô
Ѳ̫ˣ
֪ʲôʱϯԨϣά֮ľˡ
һ£٩Լϣάʱ
ɨһΧ涼ȥˣѹϯԻô˵
ûҪһֱαװϯԨ
⻰ǻϣάĵġ
ϣάɫģȫûһϯ˵ġġ΢΢ϯԸ¡
ÿԺһҳ档
ϯЦĻԺͰԨһһ硣
û
Сʱ£϶ǵˡϯԲΪ⡣
ϵ㲻˵ҡ
ˡϯ˵ſһ󣬡ϣά鷳ˡ
ҰɡӦ
ϯԨü˵Ҫϣάȥ
ϯԣϣά㡣
ϣάӦȥȦӡ
㻹ʱ䵣ϣάȵĵԼɡϯԴߴš
ߡ
ϣάϣάô˵ϣάܾĻԼͲˡ
ϣάҡҡͷ˵ϯԸ߰ɣԼܴá
Լ¶ǰϯҲûɶԼʲôϣά˵˼ġ
á
ϣάô˵ˣ裬ֱӸϯˡ
ҲϯԿԼνġӦʶġ۳桱Щʲôţ
¥ʱ
ϯԶ˵˳ʽǲǺź
ûʲôźġҲãȷǱǷᱻ֣3SֻȽĺ䶯
Ҫ֪۸˭Ͳô˵ˡϯЦ˵Ϊϧ
зô
Ӧýһ游ղſ·ˣҲýһ游
·游ǰĲ游ô˵Ҳǻҵĳ棬ݹϵйԶģ游Ӧǰүүһġ

ϯԨû뵽ǣϯԴĵһ۸
۸ƺϤϯԵ£
ϯӰž֪ǳ㡣һĳҲȥˣϧ˵ˣҪɴ̣иӻûޣû˵
۸һ߿һ߶ϯ˵ЦģϯԨУֱƤĻɶ
ϯԽãȫû⻰⣬Цſ׵ʲô˵ɣԨСҲ١
ϯԨЦһԭ͹ˡ
ԭҪӦ͵ǲ˹ͼؼӣźǼĴӶ飬תҪɸֹ̣ǲӡֱǰǴǵ
Ȼ˿֪۸Ļֻһͷ
ϯԴͬ߸λҪ۳֮䣬һʲôķ⽨۳˼Ű塱Ƥ
һҪԴڸܵܵܡ硢ӸԼ۳档
̫Ƴ棬滹ڣҺס
ڼ۳͸øƳùء
ƳҪúụ̀ܽܲǶ
ϯԨҶںϯһ鸽˵䡣
Ǵ˵ƲЩ۳ɣǺ֪ԼûҪΪʹЩ۳޼ɵʹĴƳ档
²ӦĳԼ׳ɵĹأΪû۳ǴƳϯģʹüͷҲǴŴƳϯ
ȫǴƾǵĴƾȥˡ
ϯԨ˼䣬뵽Լߵϣά
νϣάȥġȦӡڳ۳ƾǾٰĲ軰ɣȻΪʲôҪȥ
Ҳе۳涼룬ϯԹϵ۳ٿŻͦҲûиŴ̵۳档
ϯԵõܣ˵㣬ʹЩһڷ۵۳ǹĨѲЦ⡣
Ԩ˺ܶ࣬ûǰôˡ
ǰǽǣҪ֪ϯ˵ٻҪϯԿǰʱ˶˾
ճ껹кܶ²ԺҪ鷳ˣϰ
û⡣
ʲôѵġ
ֻ۳ҲʹӦ
ϯԺ۳ҳȥߡ
ϯŸüҲˣ͵˵ͷ˵ȥɡ
뿪ǰϯԨ뻹ˡ
ϣά
ϯЦ˵ʱӦڻ԰Ҫȥϣάǵøҵˡ
ûҪȥ
ðɣ͵㲻ȥɡϯ
ϯԨԣתߡ
ֻЩϣάԲʣûҪȥ
һߡ
԰
ϣάû뵽Լֳϡ
Ҫ֪ĻϯԨԼʱԼһԥľܾ
õܰŵĻ԰شƳ棬վģʱʱľͻдƳ潫ĿͶԼϡ
ϣάһһϾЩƳֻǿҲûʲô
Ƴ죬˵ĶЩ£仰ǵżǻϡ
ϯҺ˹ͼؼӿɶֵĻ⡣
κϯԨٳϯᣬ³Ҳѵúܡ
ںò׼ϣάȻҪۣλڶ۳׷ĴƳӡ
ȻеĴƾ뷨
ϣάע⵽ЩһЩĴƳ棬ԼĿŶ⡣
֪ԼʲôʱЩƳ棬ϸڼ䣬ûеõ𰸡
ϣάǺϯҵİɣôôдƳͻȻ
ܺá
һ仰ҲûѿڶȷӦԼ˵ʲôϣάЩȡ
ϯԨȷʵԼܺãκ۳涼ܺϯԨһ
ΪϯԨǲͬģϣάǳȷһ㡣
ܺãɴǡƳĻζ
֮Ա˴˵ϢͨϯԨȻǰûٳעϴεĳͳŵ۶
˵ûȢƾǴ̣ô
ǼٶҪҪʵԼǰҪ˵û˼š
ϣάǰ˵ĴƳ棬ӦúԼ£ַǳɫ۾ǳɫɫͫɫǿѪŴ
һģӰӣʮǰľ¡
ǿġ
ֻƳ沢ĻЦһû뵽ϣά뿪ô꣬ϳҵ
һΪڱ߾ЩǶˡ
лҪ˵
ǣǧĺ油_(:١)_



56 
ܾò, ϣά
ϣάעֻԼԼϤĴƳ棬ԶԷȫûӡ
뿪ô꣬ܺԼнĴƳ, ô׷ҲҪʮǰ
ֻƳ, ȻԼɵġ
ǣϣάƽȻ
ԼҪǲԷ浱Լ۸ˡ
ϣάûǰĴƳ, ̬ȶ˵һ㡣
Ƴı齩ס, ͵ذθߵ㲻ǵˣ
ǰôҲУûʲôӡ󡣡
˵, 뿪̫, ܶ಻Ҫļ䶼ģˡϣάɫżĮȻ, ԼǵֻƳֵʵ
㡪Ƴ߳ŭ
Ҫ˵Լ, ʲôˣǹ⳰
󿪿ڲ֮, ɢǽŵ, ˹, ϣά, Щûˡ
Լϣά, Լչ˺ϣάôÿҵĴƳ۸ˡ
ϣά, ǽܡ˸Բ
ǿ˹۳ĴƾǼ̫˲ŻЩʧ̬
˹˵ǰʶ, ͬһУ, ϵ
ϵȻˮ, ڳƳ۾ѩ, ˹ϣάԼ˵ǰڵϡ
˹ЦҸʲϡ
ϣάһ֣ʱڵļѰ˺Ϳ˹мƵĴƳ档
˵˹ֵн£ҲǸͨƳ棬ܺʶ
ǿϧһϽء
ϯԨ²谮㣬Ժȴƾţ̵ӿɲ̫ùء
ϣά۾˸ֺǳӡ治֪ԼʲôطͿ˹ìܣⲻᷴ
ҵȷ벻ǲ˼λĴƾǻһĨŵЦӸµעſ˹
ô˵ĴǶĲˣȻô˵Ļ
ϣά߹Ц⣬ĿȴȻǴôֻһ
ռĻڳĴƳǾĬȻ
ǵɲֹһ̡ū಻ʤ˵ܶ඼Ǽ޽ȥǰʹˡ
ҵȢ˴ƾʱҵҲ١ϣά΢΢̧֣һöӴ们䡣
תϵɫЦһˣҵ鲻Ҫ޹صĴƳġ
Ͼʱ仹Ĵƾ˭һ
ϣάʱЩлƸԼֻˣ׸󱻴Ƹ˵ˡ
ϯʽϣû۳͵ȫͬġ
ɴƸǲϵֳȻôô˵
ϣάӣȴ뱻ϯԨܸо˻Щ֡Ŵ˼Գ׽ڵס
ǿ˹ԼȣԼǲὫֻӹ¶ġ
ϾûбҪҪƳһȥҫ۳İϯԨҲ뿴Լ충ʽϣϯԨӵΪ˵һС
Ҳû뵽ϣά˵һһ䣬ֱѿ˹˵ƿԡ
ĴƳʱҲע⵽ֻͱµɫխϸع쳤һȦβν
ϣάͬһֵָֻϻſʽͬĽָ
ִδʽϯԨ͵Ļ˵ϯԨǲĺʹһϣά⡣
ھͤӲԶĻС
һ˭ûע⵽ġèӰڻԵӳ¡
ϢԼɲ뱻ЩƳ淢֡
ֿ¼Ĺԣգգۣԥһºȥ
̫ˣȻһҪԨ
ͤС
дƳ濪ʵϯԨ͵ôʽûоͦÿġ
ϯԨ¿϶˲˼
˹˭֪ǲǡ
ü治֪˹ϣάʲôڣ˻ϰݡ
ϯԨƵģҿƸ壬ӻľͺƯ
ȻѡԼѡģƹʲôҲԼģʱȻҪһ¶⡣
˵ԼϣάøУ˵ϣάϯԨ˻飬Ǿǰϯҵĳ档
оԵȥά
ƣϯԨ¶Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ϣάĻסˣϯԨƵģΪֻǰŵĺáûп˵ѣУǼԼֱܷġ
˵滰
ͣ¶ϣάع˵ţܺá
֪Ǿ仰ЩƳע⣬ǺȻԼΧм䡣
ϣάЩм顣
ҪҵҲôͺˡ˵ĴƳϳ崫ͳʽӣЩĽ
ŹȻţϯԨ¿϶ܺá
ϣάôƯ۳Ҳû취мһ˰ɡ
߾򻷾ôӣϣά㿴ȥǰÿˡ

ϯԨ㿪ЩϳԼ۳棬ͷϯܵĸԼĳʶԼĳֱ
ֳһܺԼ˵䡣
ǻô޷ΪϯԺϯĶԼ̬ȣϯμҲǰ۳үүǰ̬ҲǳӡϯϯֵܣǰүүĴƾϯ״Ƹ
ǵĹϵԶϯҪ׽ҲǰΪȫ˵̡
˸ƧϢϯԨлŸղźϯԼ۳桢˵Ļзóһۡ
ڲҲһ顣
Щܹǰ۳ϯͬ۳棬뷨һȴЩͬ
̸˼롯Ѿͬˣǲ֪˼Ǹոճ֣һʱ䡭뵽ҡҡͷ
ЩºԼûϵӦӰ첻Լ
Ȼô˵ԼȻڳ壬ôٻҪעЩ
ϸھɰܣ˽һЩڲ鱨ԼҲû
ԺȻ
[ϵͳһƵǷۿ]
[Ԩ㿴ö]
[㲻һڵġ]
һɨȥЩݣָ㿪Ƶ
ƵĺϯԨһ۾ͿϣάһѵĴƳ档
Ƶûע⵽Լüͷš
Զͷ˵ԼԼϯԨֻܴӿϴ·ֱ˵ʲô
[ʲô]
[ϱ۸ˣ㻹ҷʲô]
[Сĵɡ]
[ǰ㲻ԭα¶׵һֻƳ滰˵]
[]
[ڻ԰Ĵͤ⡣]
[Ӵȥˣ˵ˡ]
[ҪǹǵСĵ㣬ڻţɲ뱻֡]
ϯԨûĻϣ뿪׼ȥ
԰ͤС
˹ǲ̫嶯ˡдƳס˹Ȱ˵Ҫ鷳
û鷳ֻϣάһȡ
˹ȰԼĴƳ棬˵㲻ǵˣûǡ
Һһȼ㣬ͬȵ£һӮ
ϣάÿ˹֮ʲôʱйӮ
ûȤ
ܾΪ𡣡˹ֱֱ
ϣάޱĵܾΪû壬˵ģȫûӡ󡣡
û£Ҿ뿪ˡ˵
鷢չڣҲû뵽
⻰ӵҺһҲȥæûС
ߡ
ϣάĮת˿û˹ĻڿС
˹ͣϣάƳжԴʱͲסˡ
ƾʲô⸱߸ϵӣڵʲôʸԼԼмһˡ
Ѿһˣں͹ȥһˣ
ϣά˹ͼأԿս㡣
ϣάͣ˽Ų˹ȷ
ԼսԼԼǲܾܾġ
ȷ˹˵
Ϳ˹һĴƳͺ˹ˡ
ϣά֣ȴΪû취˵ʲô
ڳĴƳ治һϣάģȼA˵ʵʧ롣
ϣάҲᱻ˹ͼؼƳϯԨ
ϣάĹģûϵ
ôս
˹ɫǲƽ
ͱȾ
Ķ̫󣬿˹Ҳģֻʤϣά
á
üͷԾ𣬱Ⱦⲻѩϼ˪ô
ϣάôʹӦˣ»һҲȱƴĺá
뵽ϯԨӣʱЩͷۣû²˵һϣάٳʲô¡ϯԨ첻µزµƢ»ҿ˹鷳
˹Ĵƾһ漰壬ûôˡ
ǰôûֿ˹ĴƳ棬Ա߸ż
ҪԣԼ֪ͨ
ʱ۳涼ᵽһʱᱻ֡
ǺϢ
Ƴ֮侫Ľӣ򵥵ķʽʯĿȨɥʧʯȨ߾䡣
ʯ̺̫ӣԱƳգÿƳϻٶС
ǽʯ۵ռȡǳ㡣
˹óһöʯ
ϯԨöĴָСʯһöʯԼӴСɫҲǳǳҰ׶һɫ
ƴʼǰ˭һʯ˵ס
ۼûа취⣬̾˿ǰ˵
ʯС
һ£ȷʯȷʵûбϾӡԭʯ΢΢ͷ
û⡣
վм䣬ϷöʯһʼöʯھƯ
˹ʤȯգһӮһԼ
Ƴľųͬ࣬ʯĿȨǲһ˿һķɡ
ھ༤ҵײ䣬ɫʯʼһһɫʯڵɢ
ʯʼ¶Ұɫ·ǳɫ·ʼʳʯϵ·һɫĺâҲڽͬΪ˫ֻͥ˭ľܹռʯ
ϣάԴĺ˺ͺٶþΨһһλΪ˾Ī׺
һϼˣһֱûлָ
ֱǰϯԨľԼãֻһΣͽ̶߳ϵĺ޸һɡ
ʵʧܴ󣬿ɻڿ˹ʵ
A۷塣
ڹȥ˹ԼĶ֣ȻԼȴƣӦ
дƳ涼ϢǶǻԾڣûȥƫԶı߾
еĴƳ涼ȥ߾򣬲ξҲֻб߾һȡЩλߵĴƳ棬ʹҲƥ۳Ϊƾ
ϣάܴ󣬵ǶЩڶԷڱ߾ʵϢҲš
ǶϣάʵΣʵҲʮֵĺ棬лۼȻŹ
һֱڹעϣάǵǡ
ʯɫʱѾȫʧˣȥҲҪ˵Ľ׶Ρ
ûʯ̫Ϊ壬ϣάͿ˹ľֱײһ𣬽ⲻĶԷľֱʯֻһľΪֹ
ϣάĺ˴ʹϰߣ̺Ϸֺԡ
Լսپһס䡣
ⳡӮ⣬ȴԼ䡣
һˣЩƳܰ鴫ĵǡ
ĺбʣľɲǼĺתٶȼʯɫĺâռʯһߵǳɫâ
߽Ӵͬʱϣάľһǰ֮вԼľ
˹ûкˣŵѡ淢𹥻

Ժ档
ҧһڵ⣬ŹϷŴĻ档
ϣά˰ɣҲ֪ܲӮ
һϣάˣԨ᲻ҼȣҪȻȥֹš
ʱһӰӻг֣ȻԶ
·ôеԨ촩ģӰҲ񡭡ֹźȻֲԣ˿˿Ӳݴ
񣬷ǰԨ
˵ȴ͵ܡˣȥǲȥ
˼ʱͤеĻһڼ
ӻ԰С߹һ̤ϲƺ
ϯԨߵĴ󷽷ģûκε뷨û͵͵ǽǵİá
׵ľ룬գ۾͵ˡ
ΪϣάԼһۿģվϣάĺַƳ档
ԼƵμЦϣάĴƳ档
ͤеĴƳǣûע⵽ͤһֻ۳档
ϯԨϢ̫ûгЩƳעֶϣάͿ˹ϣôһע⵽һֻ۳档
ϯԨûпԼ£ûһдƳ濴ϯԨˡ
дƳ涼֪ϯҵϯԨʲôģͻȻһֻ۳棬Ƴʶ⡣
һ򲻻۳ԴƾǾеĻȤλ۳Ǵðġ
ϯԨĴƳһʱ䶼֪˵ʲôûóȻڽоȶϣάͿ˹һʲô£˭
ϯԨĿӿ˹ϻ
˹ȫںϣάĽϾУ緢»Ȼʹվ׿ϯԨλϣȴǶϯԨӶ
վϣάߵȷֲԾģŤͷһͼһ
ϯԨ
˻ϯԨôڳ
Ŀ£ǰȥ
ʱϸ÷ϯԨĴƳ涼ˣϯԨ߹ʱ򣬶ʶԱһ߸λá
öƯڰʯϯԨȻǿ˵ģʯֶкֱܶ࣬ӵľǾ
ϣάĺõԺУʶüͷ˵
ĺ˶ǸزþԼ˵ĲػǾ
ʲôӦúԼȥϣάǶһֶƳûеĹĺע⣬γĹעԭܸӡ
֮û취ϣά޹صĴƳ濴
ϯԨ߽һ̣ϣάĿľȺͶͻȻֵȻ
ϣάɫ԰׵ĺ͹һϯԨһ顣
ԼϱʲôŭԹĻ£ϣάôʡĵĴƳ档
ͣ֡˵
˹Ҳע⵽ϯԨ
ֻϣάľ̫Ѳÿ˹ڲ˵
ϣάҡҡͷ
ϯԨɫһһʯ𲻶ɫɫ̫ϤԼɹϣά¡
Ű£ϣάĺ˾ָָܻ١
ֱӷųȻܵɾڻ๥
ûֹô
ϯԨ˵ţҪǿж˫ľûȡ򵥴ֱķʽ
ԼľʯϵϣάŷֳΪϣάľ̫ϤˣҲǳɡ
Ĺֱھϣĺ˵˺ַܴʽȽͣϣά˺ҲС
ϣάԵĿ˹ûôˣԴ˴Ӳʴ
жϾһ̣ϯԨ˳ָ˹һѵ
˹ҡҡ׹ɲǼɢɵĺˣĺ˴Ѹ۵̾վˡ
ϯԨֻ۳ġ
֪ǰľϯԨϣάĶ۳档
ʱѾûдƳ˵Ͽ˹ˣǵĿڶϯԨϣάϡ
ϣάó˵һӮ
ûΪϯԨֶӦøлϯԨȻĺҪϼˡ
䵽AľS½ʣɣҪĶӮӮֻԼ
ϣάվϯԨһԶλá
ܽȴԾϣάðҪϯԨͷһֱŬŲҪ뷨ʵʩ
һΪϯԨľԼԵʣϣά뵽Ҫջйľ
Ȼȴ㵡
ܿƣ˸ԸϯԨľһһֺ޲øϯԨܵ˼
ϣάɫһף֪Ϊʲô
ϯԨȴˡ
ϣάɫԾֻΪǿŲȥֲԸ⿪ʾ
ϣάڷ̫ˣΪ飬Լѵþôֵпô
̾һסϣάĶȴʮᡣ
ţţûбҪϣάԼһڰŻеĴƳ档
Ͳ㣬Ӯʲô˼
ֵĴƳ棺ĲһղŲǻôͻȻοϣάˡ
ʮֲ⡣
Ӯƾʲôô˵ûе󡣡˹ʹĿԹĿϣά˵˭ܿĳұռơ
˹ˣ
ѾˣǣϯԨǻӲ鷳ô
ϣά§ڻУſ˹ĻϯԨЦˣ³ĻȴڳĴƳ̲סĵһ
˵𡣡
ûϵҺϣά¡˹仰Ƕ˵ġ
˭ó˹ڵ̫ãȴûдƳ˵ʲôΪֵϯԨ
ڱȶʱдƳų֪Ʊ仯ʯصһ˲䣬Ƕ˿˹ľɲǼɢ
ϯԨ£Һϣά¡սҲӦˣҲܲ֡˹ȻǺ˵ţĿȴϣά
ϯԨüû뵽ԼӴĸҺ۳аĴƳ棬ڳС
ϧǸӲġ
Ϊʲôܡüδƾ£ȻӦҹܣֲͬ⡣
Χ仰ĴƳ̲סĿڲסľȡ
˵ˣϣάҲϯԨ仰İûع
ʧ£ӦͷԼϯԨԼ⵽ôʲôˣϯԨܲ㣬ԼƲסҪ
ϯԨûֲԣϣάᶯ˶Ҫ뿪ȴԼ§ø
ϣάס
ϯԨϣάһϣάӦٶȲǸԵһԲԼ˵Ļ
£ڡսϣά֣ûдϣάЩı顣
ϯԨЦƫͷǰڶƳ棬ǹĨЦ
ôǲš
û뷨ô͸ϣάһֵֻϣάסϣЦ̵˵вĻ
δĴƾҪҲͬ⣬ӦЧ
˺ϣάΪҸջԵŰݷ£úһ½¡
Ҫô˵ɣļ۳棬ǰűϯԴżһΡ
Լô˵ϲϳĹأǹԼʲô£ͷʹȻиͷʹ۳ȥͷʹ
ϯԨƳһ󣬰ϣά˵úչ˾ôչ˵ģϯԳʡ
㡭˹˵ʲô
һȻִ֣˵ʡ
ǾǣԨ˵̫ˣʲôҿȫˡ
˰ֵˣϯԨϣάȻľվϯԨߡ
ֺķչòܿʶĴƳ涼뿪ʣµЩƳҲȥʣǷ׷뿪
ʣˣߵĿ죬ղſֲͦ𾢵ô
ƲƲ죬ſ˹˵ſŵĻԨôƳ棬ڰǵĳϵңҪǰ֪Ŀ϶ɻʵġ
ǳ鴤ȻԿ˹ûʲôøУȴҲĿԿ˹ʲô
Ԩȴϣάȥ
ղźôྫҪϢ
ĺϯԨûȤܣ˵Ĳ٣ϣάȷʵҪϢ
ӸղͿԼϲ˵ûһ㿹ܲ˵׷ԼľܡŪԼҲǣҲǡ
£һϯ˵ϯԨ
֪ϯԨô򵥾ưոݣǣǸûչ˺ϣάһȥ췣ġ
Ļû˵꣬ϯԨѾ§뱧Ŵϣά뿪
ԨҰһһ׷ȥ
һ·ϯԨϣά״̫ԾٿԱ߸ƨһ
˵Ҫˣҡ
ɵˣû뵽Լոһ·ͱ£Щί˵ôͨ籨üӢ۾¾͸ϳ棬˼𡣡
š
һҭ
ҡϯԨһ顣
Ͳ㵱ϡ˵꣬Ťͷͳһ뿪
ϯԨĻƵĻ˵˺ܶ飬ÿζ˵
Ѿˡ˵
ϣάȴûлӦԾͷѴһԲ
ôô죬¶ҲǡϣάշЩ죬̽¶ҲЩ֡
ϯԨپ֣мֵĵֻ˼ϣά˵ô
ϣά㻹ʶô
ڽ˺üֻõһšϰϣά첽ߡ
ϣά˷־壬Ȼ֪ΪʲôղŻúõϣάһӱ֮ǿǸϽҽԺ
ϳϯԨϣάҲҰԷں档
ϣάϵȫʱһ˫ֱӱסͷϴһİĴС
ϯԨĴ̾͵ˡ
ھһϣάƿ
谵ߵĳڣϯԨһ˫ɵӡ
˫עԼĵɫ˫ɫ֪ʲôʱ
Ҷ
ϯԨϣάͷԼһϵϰȫ˻ʵԼϲ䣬˰⻹ЩĪĻ
ñɽ^,Ϧ֪ǸƳйϵǵĻѾʼڸղ̫ˡ
㿪˵ϣάϯԨҽԺԼٺϣάȥ
ӿȹϤĸоϯԨֵĸܵϣά˿̵뷨
ֻԼ
ԼˣڿղŻڻ԰ʱϣάľͲԾ
ֻǵʱԼû뵽ֽΪϣάĹԲŸԼϾ۳ľԴƳ˵ȷʵЧ
Ҳ˵ģûаѾջȥ
һʧǧźˣҽԺ·ϣϯԨЦ
лҪ˵
е㿨ģ+qaqǷ+2k



57 
ȫҲȫֹϣά, ֺһͼ
ĿռôϯԨ㶼Ѷ㣬ͷöϣάԼҳĶ
һ, ȫһ, ϣά˹Ȼϡ

ϯԨۼֿİԶʻȻ͸ղϣάһ, ϶Ҫ
Ⱥ˾ƻ, ô¡
ǰϣά˵ĴèèԸȥӦè, èûô, ֿһϡ
ϣάļ, ϣάƿһЩ, ͷϣάȸղŸ䱾ֻβһ, ϲȥ
ľ, ֻҪһͷܿϣάڴԼӺ, ¶һƬ𪼡
ϯԨͷ, ûϣά, ֱϣάĶԽԽ֡
ϣά
޿̵ץסϣά֣һֻƹϣάĺ󾱴ס, ֮ľ롣
һûֻʣ±ܵĴƳ潲һȫõ¡ϯԨӱԼίԼϣάĵԼ͸ְ취
»Ϊ, ֱϣάĺϡ
ոպ, ϯԨһ, ǰһֻƳһˡ
ۡϣάЩ, Ư˲ӿ۽Ƿ⡣
ϯԨһԼҲۡ
һԿôôomegaԼǰ뷢ڣԼûôǱ
ǰֻʣ·Ҫôһ㿴ܲܰϣάιȥԴƳʲ̫µ鼸ΡҪôһ·ȵҽԺ˵
Ƴûзڣǻᱻ۳շ鳱ϯԨϣά
ɺдֲȫһôʧȥˡ
ϯԨۡ
ʹ֪ʱϣά֣ᷢʶϵı仯
ΪһˣǧĵĴ˲ȥûӦǽвС
Ƴ鳱õĽ취ǡԼϣά֮ѾˣԸϣάһϣҲԸһʺͿˡ
̫ˡ
ϯԨϣάַŵԼǰϣάͷԼδǯŲϣάǰһҶ
ʾжʮӲŵҽԺ
ϯԨֻܾ֮ܵķſմԣȥע⻳ĴƳ档
ۡϣάڶķ
ĿߣϯԨԩղһ¶ϣάԿܶأϾǰ׼µ֡
û֪ϣάǲ˵
ʧȥƵľȴ׷ԼľϯԨԣֻûЩԼתϣάľ
۳ĸοԻƳϵĲʣȴ޷ֹڴź۳޼ĽڵĿ
ϣάĳľ䣬ϸĴӴݼĵϯԨвͬʧǶ˵һҹ
ֻǺһȣɫԵϣά֪ôӦ
ôӦǴģҪ㿪ȴڵƸ㲻
ֿ϶ɣȻһǾͲڲϣҪչǿˡ
ԼʯͷԼĽţϯԨŬԶ룬ϣάĶȼһÿҲ֪Լһˡ
Ƴ澭۳ò۳ҲûõȥټԼϷomegaƵϯԨԽ⡣
ҵġ
ŭ͸ͷϯԨһᣬԱһݺҧϣάĴŲͷй
ϣάɬĿ˵ûκμɵǣӦóֵǡֱѻĴƳ׵Ϣȣ̱ڻﰲΪֹ
ϯԨѩζϢкϣάϣ·ݺݵĽϣάС
ϣά
ǻԼϯԨҡ
ϣάûǣԼȴѵģµһȫͬ
뷨ͬͷһˮͷϣϯԨ׵侲
ڵľӳޱѿ顣

[ѵĿĵأ۹ҽԺɣӭ´μʹá]
׵κĴƳɱһʼҪѹƣǸ֪Ϣغ󣬼һ̲ˮԼʩΪ
֪ϢأͲᡭҲˣѾɣϣά֪ʲôȴô򵥵ĴԼԺĨȥ
ϯԨϣά·ãŰѴƳ汧³
ƳomegaĳЩط񣬴Ƴ۳ϢͬڵomegaalphaıǣͬĵطϢضܹá
Լķϣάϣϣάס
۹ҽԺӭһԾҺпܻΪճԵ¼
һֻӢ۳ᱧһֻƳ棬ŲҴҵĽ˼ңڻû
ϧûֻƳӣ۳ڻ·ڵ
ص㲻صǴƳȻǱŵģǻ̬
ˣֻ۳ҹҼΪʲôѲǺٺ١
ڡ
ֵĴƳҽҲסˡ
ܵǰ۳ǺϢأҽ˴ǰ۳ǴƻʿȻ˵
²ҪżȰںƴϡ
ҽûҹĽӵƵļĺˣеʱǿĴƳҲԳ۳Ĵֱ
⻹ͷһԼŴƳģƳǵĸӦò
ֻ۳߸߲˵ӦҲܴ󣬲ȻҲӵĴƳ档
ϯԨԽϣάŵӺƴϣ˺ôŽϣάԼϰȥϣάɲɿ֡
ԭץϣά֣ڷֱϣάţô鲻ߡ
ҽӣ߹ľôһĻ
òɫĴƳ۳֣Ųᣬ۳ȴһ㷴ӦûУϸܷ۳üڲסļ˿ġ
λ۳¿Щ졢ƳҲǣѵԼôҽţϻıסְҵ¡
£ҿԽ·ô
īɫķ¸ڴƳϣʲôҽԼûѯһ¡
ϯԨȻԡ
ᣬľҽл
£˵˵ʲôᡣҽǼףЩϣĺԼĲһ
ǰͻȻˣҡϯԨϽϢϣάϣʡԵûҪ˵ģֻԵĽϣάǰ˵һ顣
ͷϢزѽ취ʱѾҲ˲ˡ
ôϣάǾԲĵطְġ
ѩϢذʱȥԽԽŨ
ȸĴƾ顣ƳҽɫЩ죬ǺߵµģΪǹŨϢء
Ƴ۵ɫһ˵ǰԷĹϵ
ֻǴƳķӦ鳱ķӦֲ̫һ۳˵ĺܹ˻˳޵ľΪ˱лϸһ±ȽϺá
Ҫ鳱ô򵥣õҽԺֱڼܽ
Ƴ鳱ûʲô˯һܽģУǾ
ϯԨûоܾҲûзҽĻ
ˡ
ҽתͷȥüȴ̲סϯԨһ
۳ϢضԴƳӰ첻СһʼûзҽҲˡ
ǰֻ۳棬ϢطǳǳƳ棬յܹϢѵԼ
ҽֻ⣬ΪٺͶԷһռԼҪ̲ס鳱ȥ
תͷҽòǣ¡ЩϢô
ȻǺŵͽͰ͵ĻϯԨǰԵЩ
ҽȳȥȻҿû취ΪĴƾ顣
λalpha˼ϯԨλҽ̵жˡ
Լץסʣûа취ɿҵ֡
⣬ҿԸһ֧򶨼ҽ˵ţĵĲһ䣺ģֻǶЧ򶨼Ĵƾɨ飬˺ġ
ϯԨͬˡ
ʹԶȥ͵Ķ࣬ϣάԼأҲᣬû˵ʲô֪ʹ
ͬ⣬ҽ򶨼
֪ҽĿϣά̧ͷɫ䣬ľԾԾԵҪ
ʹʶϣάȻܾҽĽӽҪ˵ģϣάûҽֶÿ佱ˡ
鷳ѴƾѿһЩעЧ졣
ĲΪԼô
ȻΪ˰µ״ϯԨǹİҽ˵
ϣάĶûκη
ϯԨø첲黷һȦϣάȦڻϣά͸ղҽʱȫͬ
ڡ˵
ҽֱֽһȥڵҩޱȿٱƽϣά
ҩЧĺܿ죬룬ϣάץ־ɿˡ
ϯԨջ֣ŽϢɾ
ȡ˵䣬ļߡ
ϯԨһ䣬ӣʿ嵭ǹŨҵϢء
⡣
ϯԨ˫ֲڿڴ￿űߣʱꡢҵ
ʹףůҲоһ㺮䡣
ǰЩͰ͵ģЩǷϣȴĸƳע⣬
ǰ̨ǴƻʿһˮߵǰЦһ˵£ȱˮɣҲҪʮӲܳء
䣬ȱˮܶࡣ
ϯԨšüǰǴӦֻǵӦԼ۳棬Ż῿䡣
ڳĲ١
Ҫбҡ
ǸǴƻʿڨЦ뿪
һҲңҵҽҴҵĳ
£ȥ
ϯԨвһ͵߹ȥôˡ
ôûңĴƾ˵ҽ˵ţߡ
ȥʲôϵ
Ȼйϵҽ˼ĵ
ջϵĵǺܴģҪ۸飬ڴƳ桭
Ĵƾжû˯һ𣿵Żܶ࣬ҪĴƾ׽ʱ򡣡ҽ˵ֱӣĿٴЩ
ܶǿʱϯԨ֪ôش⡣
Ϊԭ򣿡
Ȼǣֻһ֡
ҽû뵽ǰò룬ҸûɻδֻΪַû飬ŵŪ
Ĵƾȱ飬浰ȻǸе̥ҲҪ۸Ĺذ
жĺھڷӦһ쳣鳱
ĴƾŻҪһֱڴһ𡭡ðһ䣬Ĵƾǰѵûбֳôû۳ĴƳ棬гڻֲָʡ
ҽһΪ˺ϣҲЩ档
ûСɴ
ˡҽ˼ţ˵ҲûӣĴƾͬǶ٣
ʲôͬʣϯԨŲûʳ⡣
ûа취ƣܲá
ҽһ۹ϵʱ䣬¶һЦݣҪ
۳۰κҩﶼãÿЩĴƾȥȻಹһΡ
Ĵƾ֮󱣳㹻ƵʣӦþͲڷҽһĶǻ֮ʹֱףҽ
ϯԨһ飺û취
˯һǸ⣬Լϣά˵УһβҪڶΡ
˺ϣάʲôǶԼϣάĲ𡪡ͳ֮Σʲôһ
Ҳʱ¿ԼϣάĹϵˡ
Ϊǿű񶨵ĳ浰֪ģΪһ㡭һҪ˵ĻϣάǸǣζǡ
õİ취Ը𣿡ҽľ﻽Щƫ˼
õİ취Ҳǻ취ôϯԨһ㡣
ҽĵͷȴǻһ취һ취ǡ
***
ϯԨС
Сڿ￴ӣĩԿһЩ
ƸϯĺܿģϴƸԼ
ҪǾ˾ҲھͺˣǴƸڣԼܽо˾һ桭ΪʲôҪأϯĿɽˡ
ͻȻˡ
Ǿ˾˻ˣϯ뵽ȸԾתͷȥһųO͡
˾˱ŵϣά壿ţʲô
ϯҲһĻҵһʱϳϣάһͷ־Եʵ̫Ŀˡ
֪ϯԨȥμĳϣάһϯ֣ôͺϯԨһǱŻġ
ϯһʱЩң޷ǰ۰ϯԨͼ޸֮ġܵܡϵһ
ϯԨϣάûͣ£Ҳûн͵˼
ϯ̲סѯʣϣάнôˡ
޹أҪءûȤͣһ仰ǻش𣬽űϣά¥ߡ
Įϯ򣬸ղԼʹˡ
ҡ
ϯ˵ʲôϯԨȴӰʧǰ
ϯƸĸ첲˵ϣάܺõģµġ
ֻϣάŵ;˾Ϣһζϯģⷽޱţ˾˿ϲϣάˡ
ϯ֪飬Сһֹۡ
ϣάˣ˯ˣŻᱻġϯ˵ţ֪ԼĻôƸ
ϣάнĳ羴ͶϯԨľ£ϯҡڲ֪Լò¥ȥһʾ
Ƹ˯ϯ˵۾˸Ƿ
סƸ˵Ƹ˯òá
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ϯԨķ䡣
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򶨼ҩЧֻһСʱ
ҽԺæϻڳǰ⡣
лǸ˵ǳ׵ҽȻΪǸһ취
ҪϵܽӴֻҪĽڡ
ϯԨעŴϵϣάӷ¿ڴͳλҽĻͼҩҩʹ÷͸á
³һ
Ȼôˣûлͷ·ˡ
ĽڶѣֲûԼֺαһŤŤӡ
ףϣάΪԼʩûãĳ浰̥Ӱ졭ھʱԼƣӺµļ
ϣάţϯԨҩУһ֧ʮװҺ塣
ֻͼΪ˻ĺʹģҲΪ˵һϣάҩĸǿܻԽģ
ϯԨⶼǸãǵý¶ϣά˵Ǽ¡
ڴߣҩԾע䵽ϣάڡ
һ̣ϯԨĶжݵĳɣҽ˵ַʽܻᡮĺ֮ľĻһ
գǽ⿪ϣά£󽫾ĺڵλá
Ȩȡᣬ¼Ȩ˲ôˡ
οҲûô

ϯԨľתϣάĺУһ˿һƽڲţĺ˵˴ľʼ޸
ϣά΢ţйߡ
ȻûʶȴʶϿֻԼͣ£Ŀбĸ̼ÿһεĽڶ
ϣάĺϯԨ޲£ʹõʹʧĸоСϯԨϢؾèɶèһȻ
ϯԨûоܾϣάĿҲڲϣάҲûʲô

ϡ
ϣάпĺɫ˿ʳ򴦣̿տɫĴϣһ컴էй
ϯԨľԾĲϣάϣھ֪Եʮֹ졣ûαװľ룬ǻϣάϡ䣬ֳϷ˿ڴϡ
еľϣάĺˣĺ˵һ˺ûСľ˶ûɹĻ¡
ϣάϯԨûչЩ졢ΪΪľ
ҹ
ϯԨЩδͣڵĸо״̬ᵽĸԾ˸˽⡣
û۾ֻǲٿžĺ˴ϣάЩҡڲ
ϣά˵Ҫӣҽ˵ϣάҪԼ佨ᡣ
ϯԨҲǲ֪ĳ浰̥ʱھͻᷢ΢ķų̽飬ȷǸ֪һĨǳ΢ĵԼϣάİ
ޱȼ͵ϣάϡ
ǸôϯԨһĨ΢ɲľ
һһ΢СķӦע⣬ͺڻӦһ
飬һ̥Ȼ磨۸Ĵ̼󣬸Ӧ
ĺ̥
ǹϸ΢ϯԨþ˼Ρ
ĽӴ£ǹɾʼûͺһڳϷһʼϵĺȥϷ
ϯԨͷ΢ȣЩ΢ĴĿǵġ
ʹСĺԲƣȴŬӦԼע⵽ô
ҽ㵽ΪֹĶֹͣ˽Ӵȷûջ˾
ϯԨ۾
һ룬ǰľ𾪵ʧ
ҲץԱߵıӸϣάϣͷЩңϣά·Ϊʲôʲôû
Ӹַ˵ϯԨһ˾ӣԼôΪġԲЩɫԼһֵģֱǳ衣
ϯԨǼܵԼǰľ룬һһİصռȻҲڸǲЩ֪ʵ
ܲԼǱʶôƤһ飬Ҫ뿪
ʧˡ
ΪֻҪһϣάͻ̳һԷֲӤ
ϯԨ֪Լϵڼ̾ҿЩûԼ·ˣȻϾѰˡ
ҽҽʵڽԼŬӺϣά֮ľ롣
һϵϯԨҲɴͱ˯ȥ

һҹȥ
صĹ䣬˴ϳ˯ŵӰ
ϣάʱͷûһ˿ʡ
İķͳ죬ﲻԼķ䡣
ЩľȵǴĺ˴΢΢ů⣬ǵúͿ˹Եʱ򡭡ϵļ佥ѣϯԨˣȻء
ϣάüͷԼô벻
ʱ⣬ϯԨŶ
ĴƳ棬Ϻá
ϯԨϣά󣬾ͷӦ˹ң
ţϲ֪Ϊʲô赹ˣϲϷſ
û취ֻܰȴͷһ仰췢¡
Ϊ˱ϣάʣ˵ϴּϴƷµģ¥µ㡣
ϯԨ˵ֱ꣬˳˷䡣
¥¡
ϯĵ׶԰һżڼңѵ
һͣ˵˾ˣϣάأ緹𡣡
һ
໡
ϯԨλϻһͬð͡
ϣά¥ʱ򣬿ľǲ۳ʹƳ̳͵Ļ档
ڿϯĸһЦĭճڴЩɰ
ϣά壬Ϻá
ϯμŴƸĶԼǣϽ˳˯ĺ𣿡
ϯԨĿȻ֪ϯϯʵġ
԰ɡ
ϯԨƲ˵ţȴ֪ϣάĻشΪҪϣάĻشжϣά黹ǵö١
ϣάĬһ˵ܺá
ʱһԼ˯ĺܰĵĴ仰ϣά˵
ϯϵգ۾˵Ǿͺ
˾˶ϣάһ˯ССҲҪ;˾һ˯ò
ϯĵҪϯԨ׽˯һȻõķʽʹƸһ
ϯԨеС̵죬ûϣάԼĿԽԽôһ˵䶯ƬҪʼˡ
ˡ
лл˾ˣھȥϯԴһֻרעһ£Ƭʱסע
ֻʣϯԨվһԵϣά
ϯġ˵
ϣάûô֪ôлл
š
ϵҺܱǸ鷳ˣ´㡭˵һ룬ϣάͣ
ϯԨ˲죬΢΢̧°͵ô˵ˣء
ٷ飬ô
һؼҡϣά˵
ϣάͻȥϯԨԣˡ
´ε´˵
˸ɷܣֵʹùʣϣάڶþǰûпǹĺǷܳô
һֱΪ侲鲻Ӧ÷ϡ
ϣά򴽣˹ԼҽսҲܹܾ
ʱڳȻҲôʱĸϵһĺ˻ʲôԼ
ʹԼҪ󣬵ϯԨﵽԼġ
ϣάЩݵ˵лл
֪ΪʲôϯԨо˼ϣάпЦҲΪԼĸ˺ܶ鷳
ȳ͡ϯԨ˵ӣĵл÷
ϵʲôûԣʱԼгҲСԴڸС
л˵˵뿪ռϣά

ϣά͡
ʹʳ񣬵Ҳ˷ϯԨϯһ⡣
ϯԨ꣬ӿ˻˵ôһ仰
ϣάȻظһ˵ʹǧǲݡ
ϯԨնκԥĺأԽ޸Խá
Ȼ͸ǧǲãΪʲôá
ϣάҪſڣͱˣֻйǣΪǧǲݵʹ÷˵Ķô
ϣԭ⣬벻ԭ򡣡
ϯԨϾ͸֪ϣάĺ˸û޸ĺۼһʲôͻʲô
㲻ָңҲÿζôʱЩ
Ϊ˷ֹĺ˵ٴӰ쵽ϣάòܿƵϯԨǴһҪϣάǧǲˡ
֪ԼڣϣάӲŵʲôʱ
һ㡣
ܾûл
ĺˣҲνٶһξڡϯԨޱ顣
ʵ߶ˣұеĸ˳
ǰľڣǧǲݵҩЧպȥ޲ϣάĺˣ°빦
źôľϣάʶܾȴ֪ԼĳΪ˾ܾǵϯԨ塣
ĺѹʱĺϵࡣ
ֻϯԨľԼ޲򲻿һҹ֮õô졣
ĺ˱޸ƴԼİٷ֮ʮ̶ֳȵ޸ϯԨAľ¶ĹˣҪʱָܹ
㲻ùܣûǿİúȤܵϣάĹģʶ
˵ˣʹܹ
ʲôʱпաûϣάйġ
ϣάûĬȻ̫ãϯԨҪĴ𰸣ҿ٣Ȼָ
ˡ
ϯԨõ˵ԡ
У´˹ĴƳ棬ֱӱҵ֡
ҪгΪʲô˵Ҳͬ⣬ҡԼϣάĻػӡ
ĺһֱá
ǧǲƺ취ʵڲУҿԸĺһЩָܻ
ϣάϯԨԼ̬Щһˣ֮ԭʮ׵ľ룬ϯԨԼһˡ
ֱ̹ӵĹУϣάЩмܣ֪Լûκõóܹ֡ϯԨĸ
ϣά˺һµ˵˿ڣΪʲôԸҡ
֪ϯԨĿģͬʱЩ̲סĺ˼롣
ˡ
ʼ磬һνĿǰϣάģ˵һҪɵĻ͵ǶԺչ˺ˡ
Լı̫࣬ϣάһʱ벻ġ
ţģϣάͻӦڵԼ
ԼڳУ˼ľϯԨԼϣά֮ĹϵҲҪһĸı䡣
ôɣϣάȻûлɣԥľˡ
ʱ͵طԼϯԨڵΡ
ôˣҵʲôôϯԨ˫ֽϣϣάſҲţȤһ䡣
ЦĿ£ϣάǱƿߡ
ûУֻЩ񡣡ԭǸЦԼ̲סʧ
ǱǰŵĴڣԸչǲڲͬʱʹ۳Į䵭ϣάҲ޷ƵıҪȥ˽⡣
û㣬ĺڸоôô
ϣάĺ˵ʱͷϣάеġָֹۡԼֵԴĺˡ
лҪ˵



58 
Ѿ˺ܶ, ֮ǰҪáϣάЩܳ.
ϯԨйϵζŨһذŵĴ
Ǿͺãϣǧǲݸǰ, Ҫ˺ĺˡ
ûôȻѯʵĿ, ȴûϣάܾء
ȻԼϯԨİôĻҲӦõģϣά뵽ҡҡͷ
ûС
, ϯԨи̾
ʵʶϣά, ϣάûôܾԼ
ǿ͵ĴƳȴܵԼֻ˵˼仰ܺƹȥ, ȫûʶϷʲô
Ҳ, 벻Ҫεĳ档
֮, ϯԨϣά
, ԡ
ϣάֳģ̸ֻжʱȫͬ, ϯԨҪ˵ʲô, ɳЩ˵ƺҲûʲô˵ġ
ϣά֮ĺ蹵Ȼںɴ󺣹һ, ҪǰŵԶ, ͳû
ϣά̫, Ƕʲô̬ԶԷʣԶϵΪȫûС
һʼϯԨҲô, ϺιϵµĶ塣
ʶϣάԣκδƳ涼һ, Ҳ̸ϲ߰, ȷʵôЩĶ
ϸĶ, ͻ̺ᷢิӵ, ЩܹΪĶɡ
ԶЩҲܹһѿʼ
ϯԨԼĺóĽۡ
Ӽʮ꣬һζĵĶȻǸǳ棬ϯԨʱкЦɶľǶˣôΪʲô
ϣάԼϣҲʱԸ񴥶ԼĳһĵطЩ˵塣
ϯԨǸϲƻˣżģҲԸⳢԼеġ⡯
ǳĬʱϯŽһһ
ϯԨȻС̵Ķû˵ֱϯܵȱߡ
˾ˣ˵ʦ˵Գٵ
š
Ӧһϯ˵ϣάһȥģ
ͻȻϣάЩɻ
ϯԨ˴ϯĵţʾԼȥ˵ҪϣάԼӦſԡ
˾˵
ϯ컹˵ʲôȴڱִһºϱ졣
С̼ʹļϯԨ£͵¯زͰ͵ϣά߶㡣
ϣά壬㿴˾۸ҡ
ϣάװԼСԼͷ
ʹô
ʵҲûкʹ˾˴աĵϯķŤˡ
ֻֻСֻ̣ƵΪĶԺ󣬴Ƹ;˾˶ᵱ棬Ա߿ԼЦ
ϣάȴԼ࣬ϯĶϣάĺøupupֱơ
ϯĿûԼ뷨ϣά֣ʡ
ϣά壬Ժһȥμӻʦ˵ܺġ
ϣά̲סʣΪʲôƸһȥ
֪ǲǻ˵ԵʣԳ̵ʱܻм
ĳܳʲôӣ᲻ǰϯһÿɰϣά΢΢
Ƹ˵߲
ϯľɥϣάĶУܿ˵´δƸͻһȥ
һΣϣάһȥɣ
ʦ˵Ǹ԰ƯŶ
԰ϣάһһֱ˵Զ׼
ϯԨԼιֲ԰ѧУеĻ
ϣάЩԥĩϰ࣬ϯĵҲǲС
һ뵽ҪϯԨһЩӱܡ
ڻ԰﷢黹ĿϯԨԼԶԼҪĶܹ࣬Ӱ쵽Լֻ˵úûʲô¡
ϣάһ뵽ԼЩڿڵͷͲɵʲôû
ϣάû˼ϯԨĻǸԸȥ룬ԸرҲԸԡ
ٺϯԨ̫һص޷ʲôԿص¡
ƳԾǽӽ۳棬ԼĺҲȶǾһϯԨͳ㣬ϣάˣ˵ûǵԼ᲻ϯԨ֡
ҡϣάҪܾ
ϯԨüһڴС̡
ѾˣϣάǲӦġ
ϣάǲӦϯôϯԨԼŶԡ
ϣάΪֹͲСԼܿϣάƽµһЩ뷨࣬㷢ȴоޱȵá
һ룬ϯĵıͱ
𣿡
ĳ̶дƸ۸㣬ССҲҪϣά;˾ء
һʼװģɵ˺Խ˵ԽѹϯľȻĵᣬ˵
ϣάĲҲûϵССԺ;˾ȥ
ƸȥϣάҲԸأֻ;˾ȥʲô棬˾˸ûȤQAQ
Ա߿ϷϯԨԣû뵽ϯĻޣͼϣά޴롣
ڱתһȦֱȥ
ϣάûôĴƳ̣֪ϯԨƽʱô̵ġ
С̿޵ȴµûг֣ϣάЩۡ
ûУû˵ȥϯĵļ֪ΪʲôϯĵҲЩܡ
áϣά岻ԡƭСֻ̡һϯľöˣ˵˵
ϯͷ˫ˮȾıɫγ覡
ϣάļһأ̧ϯĵգ̾ƭС̡
ԿԲ𣿡
ţϯֱĨȥᣬΪЦ
ңҲûпء
ϯԨûסЦ֪ΪʲôϣάϯĻϣάϿĸԹԡ
ЦϣάϯĵĶһ
ղԼӦϯʲôϣάͻȻЩ㱣ôһʱӦˡ
˾ˣЦϯΪЦԼˣߵ
ϯԨֹסЦϯĹ˹ָ

ϯҲҪǰߣһͻȻԼ;˾˵Լٿض㵽ϣά
ȥϯ̽ͷĹĵġ
ǴӦʲôˣü
Ϊ˽ϯĲҪ͵ᣬϯԨһأֻҪǰޱ˾ҪԾܾ
ϯı죬˵ǵãϣάղˡ
ϣάССľ˸Ծ˾˺òã
ǸС˻ͦġ
ϯԨҲҪϯĽ棬ξˣ´βˣ֪ô
š
ϯ˿ת˷ܵʣ˾ˣʲôʱ
ʱ仹硣
Ȼ緹ȥԣԹʱոպáö˺г̡
ҮһϷòáϯסϣά֣ȥ
ϣάϯˤ˳Ķߡ
˭֪ϯ·ϯԨߵʱ򣬻һֻסϯԨ
˾һ
ƸǸϷ~~~
ϣάϯԨܾϾϯԨôǻϷ۳档
֪ϯԨһԼ˵á
ϣά
ϯԨĺܲԾ֮ǰ϶ܾ

Ϸò͡
ϯԨԾ˾Ĺ
ϯıϣάŷϥϣõںϯĺܸˣϣάߴߴ˵Ļ
˾˻ὲ˯ǰ¡
Щ󣬶ʲôϯԨҲϯĽ£
˾˻ֽ
˾˰ǳԹˡ
ǳԹ⣬ϣά뵽ԼڼһӣЩ顣
ǲǱϯԨˣǱϯԨӵ͸Լ
˾ϻܲСֵ̿˵ţ䲻ϯԨ֪ĻΪڸϯԨ˵û
˵˵ţϯδ˺һҵû˵ġ
΢΢ſϣάļͷú˵ϣά壬Ҹһܡ
ʲôܣϣάЦõţǰ˵Щûʲôͬ
֪ϯ˵ȴȫͬ
Ǿ˾˱Ŷ˾˳ģֻ־ͱˡϯĻʾһ£һޱԺɵģ
ᡣϣά̫Ȼ˵
ѽ
ϯҡҡλߵһԣαϲ˵ܾǾ˾ϲϣά塪
̫
ԴȥѧԺϯĵĻó̶ֱŻСѧ˲֪ʶ
ϯԨԴ˽ãСٴ󵨵Ļ˵ֻЩʲô
ϣάûôˣϯĻ˵ڵͬʱʹסˡ
ƵĻû֮ǰϯԨ̬Ⱥͽȫͬ
ϣά񣬽ϯ
˵
˵䣬ϣά߲ϯԨķƳ
Ϊϯһ仰ֵİ﷭ƵҪԼûܿƵĸ죬ӵĽϣά
ɵϯ룬˵û˵ʾ˾ˡ
˾˾˾ˣ˵˵ĶԲԡ
ԼӾ˾ˡ
ϯԨ΢飬ûתͷ֪ϣάԼǰľ㹻淢ľ
ϵûϣ˵ԺͲԶС
˵ˣô˵
ԶʻģʽһԱߵİťתϣάλá
˾ش𡣡ϯˡ
ϣά壬˵ûдԲԡ
ϣάһֱڿԼϯԨסϯʱ³һ֡
ϲ˭ġ
ϯԨĻϣά֪ʧ仹˿
ǴƸ˵ѽϲϯĸһౣȻ˵˾˱ССϲСС
ϣά壬Ǿ˾ϲϣά塣
Ц˵ţҲûʲôԡ
ϯΪͬˣЦе˵ƸŲƭССССҲϲ˾ˣҪ

һ·ϣϣάЩĲɡ
ϯԨע⵽һ㣬ʲôû˵
֪ϣάķԼйϵǡϣġ
ԼͷһͷȰɣҲϣά˭ϣάյԼ
ϯԨôĲȻΪϣάԼͬģֻǴƳ۳Ŀ󡭡ԼģϣάԲֹڴˡ
˫ʶ㣬㹫ƽ
֮ǰʲô˵ɸȴ
ϾζĶٶ۵ģ˿˶ż
ϯĿֵǣǵֽ
ֻܻ䳡ڶ˸ߴߴԾյС̣òʱûаʱ
ϣά壬⡣
ϣάгСŵϯĵ˵ϸʣܳԵ̫
ա
ϯ˵òӲ׽ʱһһĵģ֪ȫȥԺ˵
úó԰˾Ҳϲ⣬˾˳ԡ
ۿϯĽӲҪԼݹ˵С
໡
ϯԨԵĺܿ졣
ò͹УϣάһֱעС̣Լȴûôԡ
ùԼԡ
ϣάҲû˵ûϵûʲôθڡ
ǿȥʳﻹθʳ˵ˣѹǹɷθĸоЩѡ
ϯԨ΢üͷǰòݲйڴƳڲʵԺС
ʣһֱô
ϣάһŷӦʵʲô˵ǡ
Ϊϯڣϣάѻ˵̫ףҲΪܿ϶仰ǲϯԨһʡ
š
ϯԨӦ󣬳Ĭˡ
ӹҽĻǿĳ浰ѾԼϣάˣ콨ʱܵĸо̲סð³浰ͷ
һνԼô룬ɺǿ̥һϣάȴѡ
ʹԼȰ˵ϣάҲı⡣
οԼʲôʸѡȨѾϣάô
ԼϣάģϯԨ⣬ڿɿطΧڡ
Ҫǿų浰˵ϣά᲻ͬ⣬ԼҲ
ϯԨ֪ԼϣάܷչĶԶܲܳеδܷһС
ⲻһ˵£ϣάģлǣ浽һСڣڴĺӣʹŲҡ
ϯԨ룬ԼҪ롣
֮ǰҪҸòһϣά뷨ǷԼһᶨ
ǣǻϣά뷨
***
ֲ԰
ѧУʦżҳͳǲιֲ԰ڼֵĻԢ֡
ϯԨֲûʲôȤֲ̤԰ں뷨˸ı䡣
Щֲͨϵֲﲻͬг˳е⣬˴ɫֲ
Щֲǻģͼǻۡ
֪ǼʼԺƽദϡﱻ͵ǳϡ
ǰϯĵİർ˵ɻעϯԨȴһ㶼ûȥվڱΧסǰפ㣬
ŵһֲ
ϣά
ƫͷȤʵ֪ǡ
ϣάһʮǰ۹ǳ˵۹Ͻū֮һ
ū塯۲ûϯԨ⣬Լĸ嶼ܹݱūﵱūȫ
һūΪǻǲᷴôϣά죬˽һЩԼδ֪
ϣά˵ǲᷴġ
߱£۹ᱣ֤
ϣά֮⡣
壬ĻͻᱻôϯԨ˼ڳ̫ǿõͼ˸̵ʶ
ǿʹ뵽ֵĸǵ
ô
ġ
뷨ðͱϯԨԼˣǵԼǰսϵѾתӮ潥ѹж
ϣάʲôûóȻڡ
ûֵ߱ӵϯģ֪ʲôʱ򿿽˲ȥ
һֲ濪ζڲϣúϯĵͬλϡ
ˡϯľȡ
Զ
ϯԴҳ߽ɻʱˣСūֲȤ
ϵ£ҺܱǸϣά¶Ǹ顣
ϣάҡҡͷ˵޹أԼľ
ϯԨܲ³ϯԵ⡣
һۺ˵Żϣάһ䣺ҿһϯģҺϯм仰˵
ϯԱ˻ȴҲֻܸȥ
˸Ľ䡣
һվϯԨ͵˹飬˰ɡ
ңҲѾˡϯɫ򶨣˵˹ҺͰȶ֪顣
Ͼ˵׼ô
ǹϵ㲻ϯίȰ鷳뷨
У˵Ҫšݷá
ϣάû޸㣬ͻˣЩ㡣
ϯԼҲˬϯԨʲôҲν
Ͼճ۳ʢôӦһ°ɡⲻˣǾͲǵǶԷˡ
ðɣǲҪ̫֡
̸£ϯԲЦ
˵Ż˵ϣάδĴƾĻǼٵġ
йϵôԡ
ϵûʲôϵҼǵǰ˵Ȣϣάƾ
ݻŵô죬ڷڴԼĸоʲô˵
ܺãǰָԼһӡ
ôϯԨ
ϯԣţ
Ȼôпն¡
˵Ҫ棬ϣάᱻǸƳϺҲйϵ뿪Ͳк¡
²ô㡭
ϯԻû˵꣬ͷϯԨѾԶˡ
Ǹ쵰ϯԿƲסһ䣬ǻ쵰ʲôô˦ġ
ɻʱܿͽˡ
뿪ֲ԰ǰÿ̶һСĻ磬֪ЩῪƯĻ䡣
ϯı迪ĵĲԸ֣ôҲֻƳ̣˵ǱȽġ
ϯԨϣά˹ͼׯ԰֮ŻԼҡ
ϣάҺ˲˹ܼҺͰά£ǰ߱ʾӭɫû
ϯĽһǰʾԡ
˹үүóԣ˾Ҳһ
ٳԵǣǷι˳
ϯ̧ͷͦأǺ˵ССˢ¡
ȥ׻
Ŷ
ϯԨԼףعͷͿϯĶڵϿ賤żĻ衣
˾ˣῪʲôϯתͷ
ϣά˵ô´μȥɡ
´ʲôʱҪܼϣά壬᲻Ȳˡϯһ˵ţһֲСĴȥ
̫õġ
ԼϣάԼǧǲƣҵʱҲ㹻Լľָˡ
⼸΢ˮͺˡ
ðɡϯ룬ž˾˵Ļ

˹ͼׯ԰ڡ
ղֻСɰôСʱ򡣡
ʱɱڿɰˡ
˹Це˵ҲٹҾܿһֻС̣
ϣάΪԼܱˣܿ췴ӦֻԼϯԨ֪ǲܱй¶ȥġ
ϣάû뵽ϯԨµĸ鷢չô졣
Ƹôûһ֣ԭǺϯԨ´һ𣿡
ҲӦô绰Ŷԡ
ϣά֪˹ˣҪֲ֪ô￪ʼֹˡ
˹壬ˡ
϶ûϢãطϢʱٽ㡣
ϣάԡܣҪˣ˯һ
ǡðɡ

ϯԨù͵ĺûãһѧ֪ͨ鷢͵Ĺϡ
ƪǡ£ϯԨ¡ֽѧʱԼҪ׼Щʲôд
ѧʱ£ѧʱһţҪ׼һֻƳ棿
ϯԨĿþûƿҲӦøлѧУģûǿҪһֻƳΪϿʱѧϰ󣬵ȴעûоҪѧУš
Ժ۳汣Эߡ㲻ôѧôһֻԹ¼ҹ˵δ̫Ѻˡ
һ뵽ѧݿܸѺãϯԨ͸оͷ
ȷûҪϢصԣ½עͶʹǧǲĺйصȥ
ϣάѧ⻹
ڴ֮ǰҲֻЩǧǲݵĽܣȻ֪ĺƣȴ֪ôʩС
û취ֻܳʱ֪ⷽʶ
ǧǲݵƴƳĺ˵ķʽѣֻҪƵõܹ
ϯԨǰǧǲЧͶŪȴû뵽ǧǲݵҩЧʹõĴ٣ϵ֮ЧԼޡ
ϣάʶԷʲôʱʱ䡣
ϣάظĺܿ죬һһؼͽʱȷصѡԼҡ
ϯԨüģǽˡ
ôýԼˣšȵʱպþԼʱ䡣
뵽ϯԨ·źֱҵ֡
Сʱ
ϯԨһƬԢѾƫ׶ģӦûôܼ
ͣڼǣϯԨ³
īɫ⻯ױµĺԭȫͬ͵ӣһīס˴
ϯԨŸֹϵױǿ˸ûص򻯵ģٷǸղ𿪵ĸ߼ϵķκζ˴Ƴϲ͡
ϯԨװǴƣʵװǴһ۾ͻᱻ˭óǴƵձ鶼ֻһء
⻹Ҫлѵαװγ̣ȻԼҲԻױôӦ֡
Ԣ¥¡
ϯԨ˺ԼԼõнƳ档
̹̹ǰҲ¶ԷԼݣϵϢһɶ˵ˮڸǣ㿿Ҳ֪
Ըһн飬ԼֻҪȥƳ͹ˡ
ҿƬչˣԼÿġ
װĵĴƳĻЦãͿȥˡ
š
ǰϯԨѰҿµķӣɸѡʵĵصѡҡн鹫˾
ΪģֻΪнĲ档
ֻ̫ҪǱҵλн鷽ⷿӵĳʲô
ΪˣһŲֻҪܹľ
ϯԨϿӵڲṹԷӱûʲô޵ģǸʱŵĵط
ڸ㹻Ǳҵ£νǩͬҲֻǩһ֡
ѵʱѧαװּѲҪʱ򻹻Ϊṩһǿ֧֡Ƴۺ۳ϯԨ֮ϵ
ǩúͬнȥ
ϯԨţղŸ˵ľа档
ǰ˻ȡ뿨еǱң̳һ乫Ԣһʣ޼׬ǮҲǸ⡣
Լẓ́ȷԼʮСģ˷Լ͡ϯԨ֮ͬ
ΪԣϯԨ⽫ԼĪķϻһԱ֤˵Ҳϲ
·Ӻͼۡƻһ֣αݡʵáۡΪһеĴƳһڻ
ϯԨô࣬յĿҡ
۳治ʹԡϯԨȥ෴ģΪƳĹ۾ûǡ
£뿪Ԣ
Ϊ֡ϯԨۡ͡Ҳ¥ϯԨһЩ׼
ΪۡʹϯԨʧˡ
㽫ݻ²Ҫ
лҪ˵
ŶһƣҲ
ǰ컹οдĶûĳ̶ȣQAQڣܺ˳jjڵ˱׼_(:١)_
岻סˣȾǧְɣʣĵʱǰһqaq



59 
ϹԢ, ϯԨתŵȥ
С
ʮ󣬶һǰ򿪡
´ΡŴСĴƳһ˵һ, ڿͬʱ, ֻƳ졣
ϯԨīǴݡ
ǰϣ뵽ղſֻƳ, и̾δҲ̫һ㡣
Ӷ档
׼ȷ˵ǰ, ϡ
Լļƻ鷳ô˼šóĽǿԺС
ϾԼģԭԼྶͥ, ˵ֻм֮Դ, ദվõĳҲϳ
ղֻƳƺеǡ, ǰѻ֡û, ԸҪ֪һ˵
ݺܿ쵽һ¥
ϯԨ߳ȥͬʱЩ׵ԺҲáҲ, ǶԼûϵ, ֻǸ᳣ŵ, ͶԷĻࡣ
Ȼ, ֺα̽ȥ
Ҳ֮, οڶѾˣЩҲû顣
¥27㡣
ղǸƳǰû, Ƕ°𣿡˼š
Ӧǰɡ
Կ׿ţһһʵ
ûʲôֻԷ᲻ǵļƻźֹš
Ī״ӳ߳, ЦЦ, ǻˡ
˵ʲô
˵Ǻ˸ھ, ֪᲻Ӱǡ򽫶ݸĪ, ˵⼸ݵʳˣ⻹ҩ
ǵãӳúҽҩϵ˺ܿܺˡ
һԱʱ֮裬Ҫܻ͸á
Ī״򿪴ӣЩѵʳóмʣǱװںҩƿʮҩ
̫ˣǣҵʵָܻˡ
˵أϴôǱܳҲΪʲô¡
⣬˭֪һ۳һֻɱôǿĻ档Ī׽üͷ˵ŽĿͶ
Ĳô
˭֪᲻⡣
ƽĻش𣺡ĿǰʱûҪ
õϡÿͻڲϵͳתһȦ״ǳԲŻô˵
״ʺϸǱ
һγѾΥ˻ĹأҪжӳͱȡȥܷˡ
ڲôҪԵǰΪһȼ֪Ī𣬵Ϊ˲ӰԺжҪѻ˵һЩ
һεҪܲ鵽ִйٸҪ鱨ҲھͲ׷Գֵ¡
Ī׳Ĭ˰Σ˵֪ˡ
Ҳô١ļ˵⼫ֲĻ
ҵҪҵĶʱǰıըˣҲҪġ
ھٿ졣˵Щɭɭġ
Ҫһˡ

ϣάսеİɫҩƿ
ҩƿƿźҩȫɵƷֽšҩƿܿɫСҩƬ
ǰĻǺ[ڰҩ]ĵһϢ
[ڰҩһһƬϾʹãܹҪ죬һһġ]
[ȻκĺˣҲܺܶࡣ]
[ѷõʱСһ㣬浰̥ľ˺Լľûвͬ]
ϣάڵϢ˶ָûлظ
ܾһսʷΪѣΪܹȥݻһ
̥յľڴƳľУܵʱܼӴĸʣֱܷԼ۸ʹƸҲΪһ㡣
̵̺ܴǱҪ˫ײܻȥδʱ˫׽ĻܹӲͱӵĸʡ
ʵڳУٻдƳ治Ҫ浰
ÿһƳ涼Լܻһų浰
ϧԼĳ浰Ϊ˳浰ܹĻԸһȡֺ۳¡
浰ľΥ˴Ƴԡ
Դĵҡڲʹϣάеʮּ尾
ǿԼȥͳ浰ᣬôĹʹԼǳ浰ڵʵڲټӱȥˡѡڴ˿İǰ
ҩƿеУָһŰɫԲҩƬ΢ʾ鲢ֳôƽ
Լĳ浰
ûĻһŴƯƵĴƳ浰Ǵɫ۳浰һֻɰСƿǶΧԼĺƸ
ϯһĿɰ̣ߴߴҪ
ƽ̹ʵĸϣȥ
̣ʹԼҪҪȽᣬûа취һƲԼľͳʶ顣
̵ʶ¶˱ֱܷŴƸ۸ľ⣬κķӦ
ϣάһССһţԼľкۡ
ĺþʶǰϣάûκθо֪һҲ޷ʱʱ̶̿Լڸеľ
Ὠһ̣׽ϲϣάһҩƬžһڵϡ
ûҪʧĸо෴ڳ̵ľܻá
ڸܵԼһ̣̾ССľ˲ԼںԼк
ϣάͷЩҡ
Ϊʲô̵ľ״ԼĲһɲܷϵǵֳԼҪõʱ˿
ϣάһκͳ̹ͨЩ֪ôԥ̽Եþ˴һСš
̵ķӦȫǳԱܵģ׽ҲûϲҲá
ΪþͱƸ۸õСҪٴһЩ϶ǳί
ôòײŸ֪˫׵ľҲȵĿȥһҪŬôƸϲԼȻ̵ġ
ϣάգգۣΪ̵ķӦӿúİ
ܿģӮһս۸ġ
˵һξеڶΣÿһδСӣСӶɿĸӦ
ϣάɵĳˣǰᱻԼΪĵ
ҩƿڴϣҩƬҲûб
ֱСʱ
ϣά֪СӲһʼԾһֻ˯ĸоݹ͵ԼԭǴʲôġ
̵ʶܵȴںŬıԼ
ҪƸ˯뷨žϣά
뷨ĲϣάҲ˼˺һˣԼþ˯
֪ССڴϣά֪Լǰĺ̫ţ»ᱻԼܾ˵
ϣάҪܾǰ
²ΪôԼ
˵꣬žһḧСӣֱСӰ˯ȥϣάջؾ
ϵҩƬ򴽶ҩƬ˺þá
ϣάֻ֪ҪȥղǸͼֺԼСӾͻʧһжָԭӡ
Сӻʧ
һ뵽ϣάۿЩķ죬һ䲻Ĺ۽ϡ
֪ԼԾֹ뷨ûСڽԼ̸ܵСӵĴںԤĽвסķᡣ
Ը⽨Ϊ㣬һ漰̾ͻòǣ
֮ϣάԼǰǲǷˣôҪ̡ľ
Լĳ̣ϯԨҪҪԼҲ
ϯԨ˵ȨԼôϣά뵽סͷԡǲԵģԼʦ֪һᷢŭʱֻӾ
Ϊʲôôʱ򣬲ҪҲԣԼ̫ĹǺҪ£Щδû
ϣάҧ˾
̧֣ҩŵߣҪſڳȥ
˯ŵƺоʲôĶ˶СϴƸľ

һҩƬƿз졣
ϣάûʵʩôѵ顣
ʵݺݸһƣȷ
ϣά򿪳뽫ҩƿŽȥٵȵȣԼٿһ£Ҳȫİ취ûУҲǶЩʹࡣ
***
̳
ϯԨš
ʱѾԭӣһߵĵƷֻܲܿȥ
ϯҲ
߿ɱױƷʡĶˣ뵽ԼǰΪ͵ƵĻױƷĳϯԨ̲ס
ĴƳǴƻ磬ױȲŮԵİԡ̳лױƷٵĿ˵󲿷ֻȫǽڵģһһԾͷٹ
Ϊ˷ֹΪʲôõ۳棬ֳֻܱǸĴƳģȻĺѽЩԭ
Ƿ̫ͣãԱǰ΢Цѯʡ
£ʲôܰﵽô
ĳ̡˵ţĿȴЩߡ
һһСķģͻסиֽ⽣ЩߵĲеǸСô
˵߶ôҰ
ϯԨһչʾõĽСȷʵǸģȥֽǺýûпС
۹⡣
ЩսϵһֱܺãرģԿһ
ԱΡжϿԶ̿ƣ滹ȤζϵͳԱ٩٩̸
˵alphaϯԨȻҲףҲͣ⴦չԭ
ϯЩԼˡ
Щģ͵ľ³̶ȣڵȱŴ͵ô̫սӸŲһСʱ
רҵ۹ͶԳƼķ˽⣬ɲЩװݵǼʽǵı岻һ
ϵͳ̵ô棬ϵͳء
ǵء
ɵһνĴƳֱ̣þƣ֮仹һӡ
Ǿ˻ûȥ⡣
ǺԭͻһģһĻʱˣģҲȸɿá
Ȼֻżóһ
ֻѩżȥԱЦݸһЩ
Ȼģͱֻѩܵļ۸ЩһȥҲ׬ࡣ
ѡãѩżıö۳̶ϲء
š
ܲ۳̣͸ϯĵġ
۳̵ıߣ֮֮С
۳̵ϯԨԶԣĽ뻹Ǽ򵥴ֱڿʼ۳ͱûСԡƳǱļԡ
뵽ŵ̵ԣƺҲûʲôԣϾƳǳսʿСսʶҲܷϳչ¶
һ˵һ޷ܣalphaȥʲô
ϯĻϲԼѡ
ԴˣϯԨʮ㡣

ԹϯһĻû
ϯڿɼͥҵ
ϯԨż󾱣ż߽ȻϯĲע⽫żǰһš
͸
ϯĴĿͻȻֵżһŻع˷ܵĽ
ÿɰ
˾ˡ˾ˣ͸ҵᣡϯҲͱסֻԼǰԼ߻ѩܡ
š
ڵϿ
ϯиССĹϡ
ֻôѽϯķſס֣ܵˡ
ϯԨסС̣С̲Сּ
лл˾ˡϯһ£Цüۡ
Ȼϯģʣϲô
ϲϲ
һ˯Ŷ
Ǿһ˯
ϯԥһҡҡͷ˵ǲˣһǺʹƸ˯
¥ݼСªխ˯ϯǿٶżֻӵ
Ǻһ˯ô
Ϊ̫С˾˸㻻ķ䣬ôϯĵͷ˼˵
֮ôСҲǸ¡
úҪȥμΪµļѧϰֻҪҸϯİģϯ浹ûʲôģల£ϯӦҲ̫ȡ
ϯĵ̬Ȳûع
ȻϯĲҪϯ򣬵ϯǴɵһ߶û
ϯԴȴʲôҲû˵벻ԭŲҿԼ
䣿ϯ
Ը𣿡
ģƸֿġ
ϯĵգȺʵʱһƸʱȱܡ
ţ֪ô
ϯû̫ףӦ
˾˵ġ
ԡϯԨ˵ſһż
ǰȷڿ档
ϯԨûڶϯĵ̬ȣЩղҲϯ򲻻Լٸʵס


ϯԨһʱ䣬ϣάԼõʱ仹ʮӡ
ĨЦⷭһȺš
һμϣάѾȥһܣ֪ΪʲôһԼڡϣάҪ͡е죬ҲǵһΣȴ˷ǰûڴ
뵽ϣά뵽ԼС
ϣڡ
ϯԨ뵽Щ⼸һֱûҵϣά̸¡
һ֪ôڣΪһ𣬻ûü˵ʲôͱϣάľ̸ܾۡ
ϣάܾ̬ȱֵôףϯԨξ˹ȻҪģȼԺ̸Ǹá
СӦûڣȻϣάԸҲܿⲻ̸
ΪʹһֿܣǾϣάԼǰľҡ
ΪǸСһҲΪϣά˴ѴƳ滳֪ʶϯԨⷽ˳ĽȻҲ浰ԴƳӰ죬ԼҪ浰ԴƳһֶ˺
һѣƵ¼۳ɵģŹƳ桢ϵ´Ƴ
ҲǿЩϯԨŷֺ͡ܡ۳ŹƳұʲôƳû£浰۳һȫܵ˳ʹ
ԼǸѾݵˣǷڳҪȥ̵ĳ̶ȡ
еĴƳǿҪ۳۳治ͬĻΥ۹ɣȻвռܴҲһ۳ͬ⡣
Ͼܶ۳棬ǵ۹ķҲǿʲôǡ
ϯԨһ뵽ͷʹĲܹԼΪϣά뷨ºŷԼ˵Щǡ⡱˵λεĶ⡣
Ϊ۳Լô˵ͬǲҪų浰ϣάȻԼ˵Ӧˣ
ϣάʱôġ
ƳԳ浰ĿϲжֲЩ޲ûĴƳ֪ˣǴ浰Ҫǰû
ĴƳǿҵĻ˺浰˺ǱˡûдƳŹ˺Լ浰ĳ桪ֻǵ
һ̫ˣϯԨ̾һҳ顣
˭ĵЩʶƫƫͱЩʶӲˡ
ݺݲ˳ʶҲ˵ġпܡʲô˼
ϯԨ֪۳һκʹƳϣзǳߵĸʻϳ浰һ۳治ĻһЩʩ⡣
ϾƳ浰ȫȡ۳ֲ⡣

һ̣ϯԨ¸ûҳ飬ȥš
š
վϣάˡ
ʱոպãôء˵ŲϣάûдϣάŵĶ
ǧǲݣԼͼƬϼĲࡣ
ϯ˵Ҫ͸ʱ鷳ֱϯ͵ϣάϣ⻹ǵһμ
ϣάߵʱɳֻë޵ܡ
һʱûС
ϯĵġ˵ʾϣά¡
ģɰ𡣡
ϣάû뵽Լͣ⧲ʵЩ㶣һܿɰ
ҲôΪ
ϯôȷʵϯĻϲġ
ϣάͷԼŵǧǲݣϯԨ˵鷳ˡ
Һæ˹ǡ
㲻õģôʹǧǲѾ˽ˣŵȻƵʱ򲻻κ⡣
ûġ
ǧǲݵʹ÷ӣϯԨĺ˶ˣʹǧǲݾ͸Ѳ
ʲô
ϯԨӸղſʼһֱͷǲô
ӼԼʼ룬ĿⲻƲǸɴ಻ԼԼϣάǲѾһſ
ûɰ
ԼȻûôϸҲʰܲϣάһ۶۰ɡ
ǣҡϣάտھͷֲԣʹҪѿڶĻȥ
ֻ빤ϵһЩ£ûйϵ
Ľ̫ˣ˵ϯԨ˶š
ȴͷԭ
ϣάװǧǲƿӵֽ˽òȥϯԨͬһжԼӰ̫ˡ
ǿʼɡ
ôϯԨ죬ȴûоܾ
ã¥ȥҷ䡣
Ϊ˷ֹϣάԼʲô뷨һ˵Щ֪ɣ
˽⡣
ϣάϯԨԼͣԼʲôᡣ
¥ϡ

ʹǧǲݵķܼ򵥣ֻҪǧǲþ飬ȻһһŴƳĳĺ˴ںϡ
м䲻ܹжϣһγɹͻʧܡ
ƳĳƸвͬ鲼ȫƽʱûֻʱŻ֡
Ƴ涯ʱ
ϣάϵĳƣϯԨǼġ
ֻǵʱңﻹܷȥϣάĳʲôӡ
ϡǵôӼѾϣϣάɫһĳʮֵر𣬱鲼ڰ𪷺ļϴջ
ҪһرôϯԨ˵ţȻشͱȥ
ϣά·£Լ
ֹϣάΣҲڡ
оԼϵߣϯԨ֪ϣάһڿԼΪ֪Щȡ
һʧOO@@ȥ졣
ҿ˯ڴôϣάƽ
ˣȻһ˿
ϯԨʱͷ»ῴĳֻƳĻ档
ԡ
Լʮϣά
Һˣתˡ
ϯԨת
Դֻű¶ԴĴƳ棬˵ȥѴϡ
̹ǵһΣ˫ѵȴͷһΡ
ڰǶһЩȻھĸ֪£ڶû
ϣάûоܾ
ڰһ̣ϣάȷһЩ
Ҫʼˡ˵
ϯԨöڶʱȴϣάʶսȭͷ
뿿뿪ͷת˼תϣάԼЩڡˣܾô
ĺ˶ԼҪĶҪ
ǰϯԨԼ˵Ҳһ²ô
ϣάԼ˺裬˺һûϯԨ֣Щ֡
ʼô
ڵͬ⡣ϯԨ
ϣά֪Լ˵ʲôԸղǾ仰֪ͨѯʣԼͬ⣿
㿪ʼɡϣά˵
ʱһģ뷨һţϯԨҲ
仰ϯԨ˵ǷʩΪĿʼ
ǧǲݵҶƬھİ¿ʼһֽ⣬ǸķӦ̣ȴϾע
ϯԨƿھĸ֪׼ȷĽǧǲݵķĩϣά򴦵ĳšɫĳƲ۳˵󣬷Ư
ָ𵭵ĺɫ
أΪǧǲݵķĩͳƻ෴ӦַӦУҲᵼ

һǧǲݹճĺˣȥϯԨһСʱʱ䡣
Ǻõģϣάĺ˾һ֮࣬δζЧüξܳκá
ϯԨվڷ⣬п˷ϵϣά·
ȻǧǲݽƣǷ黹ЩΣѹֶ˵ǧǲݳ⻹Ȥλ۳ΪʲôͲдϸ㣿
ȻԼҲ׼ûС
Լûʲô¡ұԼϣάŲεġ
ű򿪡
ϣά˳ʱЩȻ
һȥˡϣά˵žҪ¥
ȵȡ
ϯԨͱӸ죬Ҳǡ
м̸һ̸ϣάסָһ¶ӡ
ڡġ
ϣάԣȴڿĶʱ˹
֪ϯԨ⻰ʲô˼΢üͷ˵ڡѾ̸˲ô
һұĲ֪ϣά϶ˡ
ⲻܹϣά˭Լʱıֳ̬ôġ
ڣôҲҪ
ϣάĻЩãȻֱ󣬲ŷӦ
ϯԨ˼ˣǾ¡
ϣά֮£ʣΪʲôı⡣
ǲҪôûʲôϾԼԲҪ
Ҫôͣ
˵Լǰ֪浰ԴƳ壬˵֮ǰûǲеĶһǸɡ
ϯԨע⵽ϣάĿԼڵԼĻش𣬺ȻǸûд𰸵һ˽ۡ
Ϊ㣬ֱ˵˵
лҪ˵
оǷĸ¶Ҫһ_(:١)_е㲻Ȼдĸ˰
д귢ʮqaq̫ˣ



60 
ϣά, ˵þûز
ϯԨҧĻ·𻹻صڶߣװԼû
ϣάЩ, 벻ϯԨô˵ʲô˼, ԼвϲеֻšһֱǱʶеĳ֪޷ӱܡ
ҪظһôϯԨЦһ
ǰϣάȥֻŵʧèèǲס,
ϣάӦĵ
Ըղˡһ׷ʡ
ȻѾʳ, ǾͲϣάرܡ
֪浰ԴƳζʲôϯԨϣϣάܹ, ΪԼ⡯;
ϣά뷨
Լ̬Ȼʾĺί, Ҫ̬ʵĺס
û۳İ, 浰ѻ, һʼͲҪֲǻڸ黳ϵĳ浰Ӽ֣ûгֹǶһ¡
ϣάɬ, ˵ǡ
Ǿͺ, ȻһҪظһ顣Ц, ɫ, ȫûϣάô
ϣά, ҪϯԨ̬ȺͻﴧĦ뷨ȴжϲ
ǰ۳濡ʵüϴżЦ, Կʲôչ¶ʶɵ̬ȫøղ˵ĻԼɶ𶯡
ϣάɣ˵ΪҡΪʲô
ΪԼϯԨ仰˼Լô
, Լָô
ϯԨ˵Ҫ, Լһɶûˡ
ϣάÿһ뵽浰ԥ
Լܹġܹʱ, ȴδζ֪Сӵ״²ȥ, õ׼Ҳ˲ɾ
Ψһ˵ԼľϯԨȻ̬ȡû۳ȳ浰ǻġ
ǸϯԨǸ˵ĺȻ
ܹĽУƽȶԴκ˵Ҫ»˸СɵĹǿڹġ
ҶԴ˽ⲻ֪࣬浰ԴƳ˵˺ܴ˽⵽
ϯԨܲ۳ԴƳ̬ȺͲƽȣܾԼʲô̬ȶԴϣά
ָʹƢꡢ嶯Ըײе۳ԼȻԼαװбҪô
Ȳ˵ǰϣά˽ǰĳ档
ֻ˵ʶǰĳ㷢ıˣҲὫƵĳɳıϣǰǲʱʱ̿ŵαװϯԨΪ׼Ϊ
ϣάһʼʶľԼȴһμ⣬ûйκεαװ
ϯԨڳϿҵĵǸϣά֪˵ʲôȴֻܷ
ҡ
ô˵
ϣά˼
Ǹ۳棬ȼ㲻
˵۳Ϣضûãҵȴԣⲻǲ˵ҲܺʡϯԨǸжɣ׷Ҳһ
ƽϲϸļƻҲ׷ϣάļƻز٣ⲻûмƻͲ
ϯԨԼǰĶ࣬ϣάԼøУֻϣάĳ̶ֳϱԼҪٶۡ
뵽Ц
ϣάԼûʵԼƻÿһΣϣάȷߵԼ˺
ԣǿԡ
ԣʲô
ϣάȫ˵ˣĿſȫסʶİ˳
һδϯԨˬش
ԸĻҲԡ
ȢƾҪЩʲôǼǽҪѡô֪ͨһ˫ҳ
⸺ɷ͸εϯԨǰδڳӦҲǼ£ܼҲᱻٴȥ顣
ϣάԼеϯԨ˼·
ղŻ˵浰ôͻȻͱҪԼ顢ҪȢԼƾ
ϣά֪ԼΪһֻ۳ĻȻĶӦΪǰϯԨĶϯԨʶеһзɿֱȫǰһ˼
ƾ㲻ǿЦô
ϯԨüԼӶԻȻǣΪʲôô롣
ʱô˵ǷԼϣάģΪԼӵұȢһѣôֻȢһϣάĻʲôƾ/̡
Ϊ鵱ȻҪƾĴһǵ˻ɿ
ȻڵϯԨûиı⣬ֻЩ˽ġ
ϲϣάǰ£ȻϣϣάõģǸĿǰֻлƶС
ѵ˵㻰A۳ôЦ̵˵ţźѿڶһ䡮alpha
ûôϣάֱ׵
ģһܸˡ
ȻǡЩŵԼȫˡ
ϣάʼԼǲΣȻΪʲôϯԨ̬Ϊʲôô᣿
ΪʱڵĲԸӵ۳棬۸˹˹ͼҲһ
ϣάû뵽һһֻôر۳֣۳ȫһӴʱӡںദб޷Ƶı
ʱΪ۳ԴƳȻԼ޷ѵڴƳԣô
ôϯԨomegaǱ׷ʱߵģԼӦЩ
һһֱͳ̺ãһ۸ͺ
ʱ˼˵Ҿ͵Ӧˡ
ԭɡ
ûֱϲ׶ΣϯԨܺϰɫûһôû취ֲġ
ϯԨĻϣάͬ޹Ĳͣһ̾ͻɤ
ҲԼû취ѴƳԣΪʲôϯԨô˵ʱԼһܾ뷨᲻
Ƴ泼۳ıڲϵĴߴͷûдƳܾһֻ۳飬ЩԵĻ
ϣάþǲſסͷӦĳ嶯ʣΪ浰𡣡
˸ıҪų浰ûܽϯԨ̬ȱ仯ô졣
ǡϯԨش
ϣάţǼ⣬˵ĹǣǺߡ
ָĦ°ͣЦӳһ䣬ΪʲôһЩϲء
ϲңϣάϿЦɫ
ܿϧϯԨȻЦȴûһ㿪Ц˼
վϣάָ̧ϣά°ͣϣά۾Լϡ
ϣάûֹ
ʱˡϯԨ˵
룿ʲô룿ȵȣԼûá
ϣάʶգһ۾
̫ˡ
ϯԨĻû£ϣάͱס۾
һƬڰдбŴֻܸеϱһǡ
ֻһκζĵһǣȴϣάƲסշ̡
ϯԨһ룬ƿЦĿǰ͸ϣά
жô
жʱԸ˵ǡ֪ôϣά塮࡯
ţԼô֪һǾϣά㣬Ǹܡ
ϲôϯԨѹɤӡ
۳濡ʵݼԼһŵͳŴԵɤڶСϯԨϲ¶Ϣشʱ㻷Լ̲ס䷢
ֱڹԼ
Լʲôϣάһ¸ˡ
ϲô̾һ֣ЩĵģҪ뿪
ǺһϯԨջ£ϣάһͿء
˭ϲúÿģǴƳҲһϣάϯԨҲйЩ˼ôϯԨĿ޷
ûС
һڣϣάһգôĻ˵ˡ
ϯԨǰԼǱʱֻƺҲûʲôεġ
ϯԨעԼȴһ仰˵ۿϣάŶһ
ԭ״̬µϣάԺʱɰɵԽԽϲžʩϲʱԷʲôÿǿ޵ʱ
һ֡Ϊ롯ϯԨûô򵥵ķŹϣά
ûʲô
ûвϲ̰Ǹǣ̰ഥʱܵȫ¶ȡ
׿ǺϣάʽԼϯԨ˼롣
ϲ˵ϯԨڲͬϲԴԼʱ̬ȣԴԼʱǽԼͬȴڵΪֹ
ϣάͨע˺ܶܶࡣ
ϯԨҪԼҲã³浰ҲãԲѯԼͬ⣬ø򵥵İ취ﵽĿġ
ǼʹڣϯԨҲûȹԼ
ʦǲǿǸ⡣

ϯԨڵϣάĻش
ԼһΰףôҲҪϣάǵõһź㣬ͼϣάԼ˴
ԼǱˣʼԼ
Ȼһ̣ϣάֱԼ졣
ϯԨصɴ۾ⷢչˡ
һǣʱ䡣
ϣάһ¶һЦݣЦǳȴƴϸϡ
ǣҲ㡣
ֻϲ㣬롭һᰮ㡣ϣά۾ڷŹ⡣
ʦǸûĻ
ԺϣάͷˣԼ֪һðաǻһеĺģȴȻԥѡ˽еһжѹϡ
һֱֱӰϯԨˡ
ǷˮתղŲ֪ϣάھͷԼ
žʮúͳء
ϯԨ֪ϣά˵⻰ʱ˶ȴҲóеĸϣάԲɡ
ǿģʹԼڻûаϣάʱὫϣάϲȵϲ㹻ʱǰˡ
ֽϣά§űڻ֣سŵҲܱ֤ʲôʱ㣬ǡϯԨֻһƾ
ڷԼġϣάԼϲʱʵʹϣάԼᡣ
ϣάǿûĳ浰һӰԼδĹ滮һ̣ðϣάͳһȥ뷨ʱ֤ˡ
šϣά
۳ֻһƾܻ̣۳˵ԼҲȥֹ
ϯԨ˱ĴƳ棬ԼʹС뿪
ͺòģΪʲôҪԼøĳ桭ϣά֪ǴƳռռ֡
ȥϯԨ޻ʱܱ⣬˵ֻҪһ뵽δһѳԼϯԨͺܲζ
Ǵƾ涨ΪƾҪȣҪݶԴ̣ϣά뵽üͷԾ𣬱ԽԽûп¶һɶ
ϯԨע⵽ϣάı鲻ԣģ׺ݵĻҪᵶɱˡ
֪ϣάûȥôĮĻǰĴƳ˭
ֻϯԨû뵽Ǹոս˵ϣάͳȥαװһ棬ʵ¶ϡ
̹ϵ̬á
ʲôأôѿ֪ĻΪһҪսϯԨЦ˵
֪ϣά϶ں˼룬ĻԼղ˵Ļ
ûУ㿴ˡϣά򴽣ҲԼڳδ̵Ĵס
ϯԨһ飬ⶼĥˣ˵ûС
Ϊ˱ϣά̫࣬룬˵ֻһƾ˼ҲƳ档
͹ˡ
˵ģϣά͵̧ͷ뿴ı顣
ġ
һһƣһ۶ƶǽܲ۳ٹ٣ûΣĳɶԼôֻӦûʲôӰ졣
УֺԼʲôϵ
ڷԼںϯԨ̬һĮ
ϣάʶҧס˴ĳŵĿô
ֻһƾ۳棬û˵˵ĺɽҲһ仰£ĺԼĶ̲סҪȥϯԨĻ
Ļ˵Ļ
ϣάҧ˵㲻ƭҡ
ִϣάַŵߣָָϣһֱҡ
alphaȻܹǶomega϶һomegaǺ塣
ϯԨտɫȴݡ
ϣάαװĺۼʹ֪ݼһֱܺãöλԼΪ档
ԼƭҲʵʵŵɻϯԨȴɶԸ⻳ɡ
ʱϣάǺð˵ǲԵġһ⡣
Ȼʱͱϣά˻ȥڵԼҪǣֻҪȥ
㡣ϣά˵ʱ򣬲κԥ
ϣάεĻϯԨЩֲ
ϣάĸԶԼĸֱףƴֽԺڶڣһ˲Ǳֻ桭ô˵ǰľйϵ
ϯԨ˼𰸣ɴͲˡ
֪ǲɫǻ裬ûʲô⣬ϣϣάԼԼalpha֡
ʵҲûʲôϵԼġomega/ƾԼȫ
ϯԨԴ˷ǳ⡣
ҲʱֺȻϣάסžϣάĻ
뿴С𣿡
СӣԼǸɡ
ţСӣϣάַԼϡ
Ժ󣬾ͿԸ֪ˡ
ϣάһ˵ʵҼˡ
ʲôʱ򣿡ϣά졣
ҼҵʱҾͼˡ
СͷԵĿҪϯԨ˵סˡ
ϣάıЩԣԼĺĺ˵ʲôϣά˵
ԭ
ѾᣬֲҺʱ״Ԥĺúܶࡣ
³浰̬仯ϣά˵仹һ˿ºͻ⡣
ϯԨ𣬰ο˵ʵ˵Ŀţʱ״
û˵ô㡣
㿴ڲġ˵̽һ˿׼ȷҵһСžĴȥ
Сӱ۸ľһ飬ҲƽϱŪѣͻϲصȥ
ϣάСӺĻûֵԼ΢΢Цʮᡣ
ϲ㡣
ĨЦݱϯԨע⵽ˡ
ЩЩζþĲɵˣС棬ʵϣάǰûЦΪʲô
ЦЦҲһ췢Ҷ㶯ġ
ϯԨ˵ԼϲϣάࣿԸʵദȻʸУһϲȱһɡ
ϣάƫͷȥɫ΢΢ȻЩᡣ
Ϊϲ㡣Բȥ㣬»࿴һ۾̲סϲһ㡣
һ˵黰ϯԨԼϣάʶõˡ
ϣάתͷԼһ˵Ц˵ڿԶЦЦôϲЦƯ
ϯԨ۳ԴƳЦ֮ջһֻɬҿԼĴƳ档
ۡ״Ц˳
ʵֹϣάαװϯԨҲһ˿̵ģӽڵʱӣҪαװԡԼˡʱ׵ķɡ
Ҫ
ϣά̧סԼԼ侲Ҳ֪ΪʲôԼϯԨʱ
ϯԨϣά֣˵ãҲЦ
Ҫڣ뿴㡣
ɹϣάȷϵŵ顣
飬ˡ
֮ô
ûС
ǲ磬ȥԼᡣ˵ţϣάߡ
ϣάȫûҪܾʶʣȥģ
ʱܡ
***
뵽ȥԼʱϯԨֳVIPƱʹϣάˡ
εֳ֮⡣
ϯԨˢ󣬳һЦݵĴƳ棬ֳڵķ档
ӭλε֮ǣףλԡӣҸһ
ǽһԿɰ޵Ĵɫ͵ϯԨУȻʾǵװ绪Ļ
ϯԨĴ治٣Ļǵһμ
˿ĻЦŷŵϣά͸㣬ϲ𡣡
šϣάָӡ
ϯԨ֪ΪϣάֻԼǰչ¶ʵӣԼһ
ϣάıȻģǻȵûӹϯԨ۾ϣάע⡣
ϳɡǣסϣά֡
ʻˣ˵㣬̸̸ֵӣҲָܰʲôʵԼݡ
ܹǣƥųİ
ȻϯԨû뵽ǣһĴƽȵķ
ջǰĻֲ߻ĳ˵ܳʡ
ϣάȥ治ɫΪʲô
Ƽġ
ϯԨ¿һ۾ջĿ⣬˵㲻ϲǿ뿪
еĸ߶ȴԼʮףӿпԸεֳ֮Ĵ󲿷
ָ߶ȶһ˵ʮֲֿɶϯԨϣάԺ¥û
ӺŵĲϣѾйڵȺǣѩżװĳǰ·
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ֻҪɹϵйؿ񣬾ܹشһݡ
ϯԨü͵е㶫ǲ֪νؿ񡯶Щʲô
ܶش󽱳ֻ̬ȣϷ
ô
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ǰϣάֻͷ˵áѯԼϣάڸıԼദʽźš
ϯԨӵźţЦķǳɣʲôɵĵģһϷѡ
ǾͲμӣһӮġϣά˵
һӮ
̫СңҴϷɴû
ƷǼսģϷҲϷɣϷӦûʲô
ϯԨԸԼϣά·ż˵ǾμϷˣϣƷ⡣
Ȼε֮ǿҵûвҲ⽱ƷġżҡͷԣﱧһֻСܣȵгױȵš
żܵĴ£Ǻ߽ܿ˸߲㽨еһ㡣
һҪϡ
żƳһϣάĶ˵ڱҪºĴƾʱֿ
Դε֮ǺеĹ涼ԡƾڳƺϣάĬĶѵƵá
ϯԨһϣάļЦ˵Ȼ
ܵһصʲôԼϣάʵͨضҪ̫ʱ䡣
һܿҵġ
Ҿ͵ˡ
ϯԨ˵꣬żܾͰһǰ˵ΪϷ̵ĿԣҪ۾ڵһؿвܹκε͵Ϊ
һΥͻᱻжΪϷʧܡ
ˡڲ۾
Һͨõͨڶϡ
벻ҪҲҪ£ֻһϷκ˺Σճ֡żܵĻڶ
ǰ
ϯԨǰűϵ졣
ͬʱµذһգ׹ȥٶȺܿ죬ǱƽȵģϯԨٶȣԼʲôʱ䵽ס
ôͻȻҲ°۳ųôˣ֪ΪʲôֻҪر˵˺Լˣв۳ﱻŵ
ϯԨ䵽׺ͨﴫżܵ
£Ȼַǰ̨ϡ
ϾֻǸϷָʾҲûʲôˡ
ϯԨַŵ̨ϣȻ۵һƽӵĶԼ档
װϵ񼤻һؿʲô㣬ҵˡ
ؿʾĴƾĻᣬһƾĻᡣ
ϯԨ
ʲôԲ񣬶ΪʲôȵǸԼ
̣ջûסʣ˭Ƶ񡣡
ǵϷ߻ʦ¡
ģΣյģĴƾѾʼ̤ĵ·~~~
ʲô˼ϯԨüָ۵ĺڲҪժ
żܵƢܺãҲǼƵһֱǳƽ͡
ǸҲ͸¶ϷйصݣѵĴƾô
ϵĶͣ
ֻǲǡ
ӿʼһ˵ҲΣգǿһ㣬ԲϷΣգҲ϶ô
ˣֻǶĹġ
ֳԲΣ͵İȫ
ϯԨˣϣάʲô£Լȥ
ȻϷŸոտʼȴѾʼˣƼĵطȻǸӡ
ȫԼ۳Ĺ
ôҲûãΪһҪȵ۳棬ԼʲôҲˡ
ĬԴԼȥ˶áҲ֪Ҫȶòܿϣά
ʮӺ
ϯԨĲһڿԼĽŲûãŲͣ£˽ײ
ϣάûȥժ۾ϵĺڲ
ţңˡ
ڲժĵһʱ䣬ϣάȷϣάûºϯԨ˿
ţ߾ʹżǷ
ϲͨصһؿΪͨصһؿķϷʦΪλϾϲһݡ
ϲʾĴƾӣɺԶһݡ
лҪ˵
ˮ棬ۺöûû䱾qaq
ҲǾǧʣµĺ󲹡



61 
ϯԨ֪ϷΪʲôǴšƾһ, ־ϲ²ǻᱻ
ҪܾͷĵϺȻʮ̣ŽļԤʾⶫлܴΣ
Сġ
ϯԨۼֿ콫ϣάԼһ, ñܹһϣάűߴĽ̡
ϣάһͷײϯԨŷղŵΣ, Щˣû뵽ֻǸϷͻȻϮһס
ллϣάûаǺ޷ı֡
ֻϣάû뵽ϯԨķӦٶȱԼҪ, ԴЩȡ
, Ϸ鷳㡮ȡΡ
û̫Ӧʱ䣬һְ, ɲڼͱ˸ԴһװĲôѸٵˡ
ϲɡȴƾ, ϲ׷, ӡ
ϲ, ⲻ⡣
òױǵֱϯԨЩ, Ĵ
Ҳ֪żͷĹô, ˵ĵǸ, ˡ
Ҫǲ, ô졣
ӱԭڵǸС̫, ִܾ٣ϣάֻάǰԼקĶԼ, µĿռƶѡ
类ϣάƵ
ϯԨľϷʦģҲǰʾԼҪҶ
Ϊһؿδͨ, ޷ǰڶؿ
ӡɺ, ԶͨڶصĴӴ~~~
˯ͯ桢ǻƱ汾, ô˵Ļ, Լǹӣ
ϯԨǲԸֻǾýչ̫ЩԼϣάȷϵôĺôﻹǺ˵ͻϣά
˼̫òˣ˵ϣάһϯԨΪģʽ󣬶ϯԨĶܲ¸˾Ųʮ
ϣά˵Խܡ
ڽԼϯԨиоԺϯԨһϣάڸһЩΪﲢС
û⣬Ҫǲϲˡ
ϣά̹ʵĻϯԨ㱻ˮǺԱصǸԼ
ҵȻԡ˲󣬸οô䡣
ˣһЩνرʤ
ϣάûʽ״̬½ӹǣǰ漸βʶϣάԺǼô㡣
ɽǹǣϯԨû͵á
㻹ôļһüͷһšֱӿڡ
·ģκ˽ǶῴģɵϵͳжǷ񡣡
һֻССѩż̨ıͣ˾һԶλϣǰαװĵͷ׼ǡ
ܺã󡣡

ƯƳɵпԼһ˫Ư۾רעĿԼԵĹ˳ӡ
ϣάô˲ģϯԨȻһαϣάʱ
ϴʱ򡣡˵
ϣάûǣһ˵ҲˣǴԼ˵ǰˡ
Ǵ⣬ûô׺
⻰ͣУϣάڳǿˡ
Ҳ֪ԼԺǸӡԼϯԨֵģϣάЩ˼
ԼᵽǳԺԵϢأϵϢֻ̫ˡʱֿ̫־ŻᱻƻŲϷ֡
ϯԨͻȻʣǸʱ򣬷ֱĳ˭ôǰΪʲôˡ
ٻеģϾʱϣάŵڶμʹƵĳɷҲӦáϣάԼɱ۳棬ֻ˵ϣάֲֻĳ档
ϣάգһ۾ɽ롫Ϣȡ·𿴴ʲô˫˵һֱֱĳ㡯˭
ڿǴΣҾ֪治һ
ʧȥʶҲ㿿κһֻ۳棬Ҳǡ
Լǰչ¶ʵģϣά̹ʵϯԨڼƤļһҲЩмܲסǰֻƳֱ仰Ŀϡ
ϯԨЩȣϣά˵Ҳ̫ˣԼʲô˾һ
ڳϷ£ЩֻȻʡ
ԭϣά֪ԼԲŻᡭôϣάϲԼˣⷢиˡ
ϯԨȥǲǰѵˮҪЩ
ϣάϵֲԾҪԷԼһ㡣
˾ӣڱ˱׵ʱҲȥͬ¡
ٵĿϣάϡͿıߣ˳е̰󡭡ϸ΢ĴϢӴݼļֵ糺죬۽鶯
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãΧͻȻȥһϡ
ǵĽٿرɢмƮ£һƹ⣬ǵ˻Ƿӫ⡣
ᣬˡ
ϯԨָϣάĴͬõ޺Ĵɫο˵˸ղŷ֮ǸǶôҡ
ϷľֹͷԷȵϣάعŲԼڵģжôĲ
ϣάƫͷ𿴡
ƳƤôôղŶԼ˵Щʱû
ϯԨЦ˵ΪʲôԺӵ㣬ֻܿ
ԼϱߴӵģȻֻԼܿˣ˭ۡalphaԼomegaСĺܣһʺԶմߡ
ȻԼѾalphaˣȴԼôͳڳ巢
ϯԨ§뱧İϣά
ǵ߲࣬ϣάϵҲԵͻأ
ϣάҪһܵԼ״̬ղŵУϣάܵӰԶ
ϯԨںϣά׽ĸоһҪ˵Ļžָкܺãָġ
֫ͣŵĸоһ˳Ǵмѡ
Ҫ͵͵Ľִһ£ļ们Щ΢΢⡣
ʱֻССѩȳ˹
ѩܴԼͷȡһŸոմӡɵƬƬǱı
ҪôϣάתʱÿһĻ
ڵԼϵĺȥ룬ϢҲƽ
ƺǵģӹ
ϣάùƬƬתտһ۾͵ؽƬ¸˻ȥ
ƬʲôҿϯԨȥá
ϣάƬȽһ£ֺɿ֡
ûʲôÿġ
ϯԨͷһۡ
ƬǵĻ棬ץĽǶȵ꣬ȥһͻ鵽Ȼ¡
Щԣѹϣάһ۾ͱɫ
ʵϺܿƵĻ棬ȻӲĳ˼˵ɬ顣
ĵĲԱ˵ŽƬ׵ĿڴȴϣάһֱԼûסһЦ
ðɣҵĴƾϲǾͲҪˡ
Ϊ仰ϣάϺòȥĺֳָ
ϯԨҪƬ˺ˣϣάı⣬һѰס˵¡
ղ㻹Ҫ
ϣάԴǣȤ飬ڵ˵ϲ
ʵҲûϵģǸѾǣˡסϣά֣ʮָ
ССֻѩܹµįŬһϯԨע
û취ϣάڣ˭˼ע綤żʲô
ʲôϯԨ¡
ֻѩǿȥ󣬾Сĵһը̻ɫǰըһʵġ
źϷúõĴ洢Ի٣Ͼղֻż˵˽ݲᱣ档
СѩܵĴ£̨ףӦҪȥڶء
ղʲôϣάЩ档
ʮԼĬϣάȡԼ⣬ʲôûζϣάؿٷ֮ʮŵݡ
һ΢С⡣ϣάҡҡͷ˵
ô˵鷳㲻ϣҲԣ鷳ĻϣάҲͨصһ
˵ô֪
뿪ұһطϣά渵

̨
ʮĻﲥڵĻ棬мĻеĳء
ֻƳһۡ
ֻƳҲ̫˰ɣϷˣֲĶʲô費Ҫô
Ϸˡ
˵λ۳¸ôƳǷ
϶ǾƣȻô׼
һľƣѾѶˣûֹһ㡣
ʵûоеһƳ档ֻƳĿڡ
˭
ϣά˹ͼн
˭
ҪҪôªţϣάнû

һֲԤУڶʲôǻǵô
⣬ҪȻǸǷˮͨˡ
Ȩô
ûС
ûȨޣǴ֮ؿͲǿˣ絽ʦ¡
ʦ¡ǲҪ˰ɣ±Żġ
ǾǼ
£άϰ帶Ǯ
***
ڶء
һյķ䡣
ϲ³ɹڶؿȫɴƾػ
ʾΪƾκ¶Ҫ
ɳϯԨǳ鴤ֻЩϷĳаȻôЩȥϷ
ȫҪôɣһԼǱ
ܸо۳ܲѺá
ֹͣ룬ֻͻȻǰϮ

ϯԨȴԸ죬ڿ׼ԼͲһ㡣
ϣάٶҲϮָ̳֣צһ˲佫Ρ
ϯԨһοϣάָӳצĹԤʾΣա
û˵ʲôϣάѾվǰ
ؿô
ϯԨϲؿɲϲȣϣάս
ûΣաöһΪķڣƤʣĹҵĲ֪װʲô
ϾֻһϷҪģһƳиʧ֣ùľֻʣµӵ۳档
۳ˣֳǲ뿪ˣԲ¡
þûˣϣάҪҪȱ˭ķڸࡣ
ϯԨüһЦҪ飬֪ʵǿ
á
̨ڹעϷ̵ĴƳǶҪˣһ۳˵˵ҲˣƳ澹ȻĸӦ
֪òóֹ֡סΪ
ʦ˵һͨ𣿡
ûС
ǾͿţ
ŰɣҲ۳ֻǾú棬֮ҪҴƾġֻƳĻõ˴󲿷ֵϿɡ
۳жʹƳ޷һǳģǴƳҲġ
ȻûΥʦ¶µĹֲּ˶ãôλ۳ºúˡ
ڡ
ϣάӦĲκԥΪϯԨֵȷղŶ㿪Ƹɴ䣬Ȼ˵˵ġ
ϯԨԼ۳涼ͬȻҲóȥ
뵽ǰϯԨɱԼߣôһ룬ֺҲǲ⡣
ڶеڶϰҲû뵽ôѰ·۳桪ûйԹԵűƳ汣Լϳ
ڵٶʱԽԽ죬ĵҪĲҵ
ϯԨϣάϵĬ޼䡣
ʮʮӡʮӡʮӡʵѹ£µķһء
һؿԴƳģѶȵȻеģɼܲסϯԨϷס
ϣάõڶرȵһظɣȻʱãǹؿõʱ䣬ͨصٶȲͬ
ϲͨصڶء
żܵЩŹ֡
ûõģ۳ôãôǲ̫һ㡣
ʮӲͣĪеĽλ۳µĴƾô͵һĺҸ
ĴƳҲûҪ֪ǰڲ۳ʲôʱ֣ͣСԼ
ؿ⽱
ǰء

һȦܵÿ׾ͷֹŲͬϰ
ǰǷڶܣһλ˿ϰϯԨɫ졣
ֻǿϰڽܲˣǡʦǲаΪʲôҪƳ湫۳ͨһء
ǲʹϣάҪԼܡ
ؿΪʱؿʧгͷڣСӴ~~~
ϣάЩԥ
ϯԨҪϣά֪ʶʼϯԨûԼڡߡϣһһչֵ쾡¡
ϣάؽˡ
ǸϷѣҪ̫棬ôԼȴǲס¶Щ
š
ġ
㡣
ǰͷһαҲûôԽܣϯԨ˼
ϣάֺȣڼٱǰȴûоһҡΣԼ⽩ӲֱۣΪϣάԱԼһȫûо
ʵϺϯԨµԶ
һر۳ܵϣάܲӦֺôǴƳ۳ϲ֣ҲǶϯԨϲĸӰ
ʱʮ뿪ʼ
ϣάһϰϯԨڸ̨ϡ
ϲͨء
̨ĴƳ涼ûƢɴƳʹƳ֮Ĳôô
ΪʲôֻƳиúÿ˵ʵôǿΪһܹССĳͷһ£ͨˣ
ĸ졣
ϯԨЦųеϰ˵Ҷ뱧һΣһȤ
ȿȣǰһء
۳˵ĻᣬغĽҲ۳汧
ĹҲһؿ
ϷһΣһؿֻؿȥЩ졣
ǡװϵһأҿġ
λַڲϣȥǽһ⡣
̨
ô⼸⣬ţҪǻشˣһСľͼұˡ
Ӧòɣǿܺð
ٺҲ⡭
ô죬ֲǷŽȥģڸĲˡ
㣬´ߴˡ
ڡ
һǰĳϲĳ𡣡
ϯԨ֪߲ôƣʵĶʲô⡣
ǡشĲκԥ
Լûϲĳ棬ǰûУԺҲܻС
ôƾĻشǣ
ǡϣάĻشһ
ϯԨϯԨеڶ
ϲλشͨ
̹⣬ʾͨ
ڶ⣺ĴƾҪһĴƳ𣿡
ǡ
⣺һ벻𡣡
ǡ
Щ𵥴ѯʸǼЩ˽˸УϯԨԼñ˾ѯʵĸо
ĸ⣺Ψһô
ĴƳսսһ⣬֪ʦ۳棬Ҳ̲ס︹̼䡣
Ĵ𰸲òҲ֪϶Ƿ۳˵ǡģɼ̵۳涼ܳƵһˣοǡΨһ
Щĳ棬Ͳ²ɢһͥ𡣡ϯԨûлش𣬷Ȥʡ
ǰ漸ⶼͬڳֻУʹ۳ֻȢһΨһյĽֻԸΥ
ʦ⣬Ҳûа취ֻҪشһˡ
ż˵ٷǳ죬ҲϷ
ҵĻشǡ
ϣάĲɵýţûԼǰ⣬ڴ˿̾͵õ
Լǲ̫̰һ㣬ϣԼϯԨΨһ
ǣҵΨһϯԨ΢Цעϣά
ͨͨ
̨һ
ǲǳˣôͨˣٵİɡ
˭֪죬ļٵģû
ûУҲˡ
Ҳţô۳档
***
ͨɵϯԨžþûлعϣάԼղ˵ĻЩ̫ˡ
ţȴʲô
ڳͶ㲻˷ĴƳ棬ֲڳ塣
ĹصźǻңһȥͿǰ·ͷżܡ
ΪעϷ̵ĴƳҲڣעǰλºĴƾһʱǵı鶼ЩһѾ
ƳΪôƳֱ۳棬Լ۳¶Ĺؿ˵һؿǿĿ⣬ؿһȫˡ
Ҳ˵ˣֻ˵һʼȫһ
ϲ£ͨٶֳҵġֳڵĹƳ¶ЩӲ΢Ц
һʼ˵õģõϷͨغĴ󽱣еһؿľϲƳ˵ţһһ޴еĴƳ档
ѽƷ
ĺа˸ߡ
ϯԨû뵽νĽƷô
ǾϲСƷϣܸĴƾϵľϲһκ͵ǰ
ӹ򿪿˿һ޷ڲеܷҺ壬Ա߻˵顣
ߴƳǱ֤ԺϷҲκθá
ϯԨϺӣ֪ԼӦöʲôڴֲгҩܹóС
ĿƳǰӣƤһЩ˸ߵĺﶼװЩʲô
ϣάڿԼϯԨƿĿʣʲô
ǸϲģĻھͿԴ򿪿һ
⻰ϯԨ뿴뷨ǿˡ
á
ƳЦ˵ðɡ
ˣṩͻµַͻ
ϯԨǳܾԼϣάͨϷսƷҪǿˡ
ԡ
˵ǽȥԼ
ȻԣǾͲˡ
ȴֳĴƳ棬ϣάֳ
ղǺʲôıˡϣά˵
ĵĶûʲôġ֮ʹõҩǸƳõģϯԨƤٺҲ˵
ϣάҲǻĴƳ棬ûоݵ׷ȥɿ
ϯԨϣάЩʩʱȴԼĴҪˡ
Щʩֹ۳棬ֹԭ̫Σˡ
ϯԨʵڲƽȵġ֮ԱǣҲûҪᣬGΪλʩҲȷ۳ġ
۳ʺ͵beta࣬ûдƳô̬Ҳalphaôǿ
Σյģȫʩʩǡ
ҿҵųֳε֮ǣܹܻ֮ӭ˹ģ⣬ΨһһҽϷҲɽֳ
Ȼô˵ɱȫʩϯԨЩ̼ĸȤ
иʩõǻףԲȥףǺ͵Ļȫͬƣֵĳ̬͡
Ϲ̫գսϯԨûʻ͵ĻףԣԱߵϴһ۳ֹıǡ
ɨˡ
һ߹۳ֹȤȱȱ
ϣάô
ûʲôرϲģء
еġǸֵȤ
ϣάĲȤھһʱס֣˵ϲ𡣡
磿
Ҳи磿Ϊɱɱȫ
ϣάʾߵĽ㿴
һӣдݸĿǡݵ۳ӢΣƳ濡㣬ǳģ
ϣά
³ĸ磬ܻӭ
Ҳû£翴ǣϣάߣʲôҪ˭Ҫ
ڲ㣬һ¥ݳһλ¥ǰ䡣
ΪvipϯԨȻŵ˰ᡣ
Ǹ£ݳͿʼˡ
ǵĹʽϽЩı䡣
ԱݵúܺãϯԨȴԽԽ֣ôЩ졭ӦðĹ£ԼôϤ
ɣΪʲô㰡
۸ɣҲ㲻ԸôֻҪҵҲԸտˡ
̨ʵļӸ̫ǿңϯԨ̲סĳϷ
뵽ŷҶľ̨ʣɺôңԶǺ˰Լĸ硣
¡
ϣάעд붼ϣϯԨ˵ᣬȴûӹĶ䡣
²ô
ܺãֻЩȤԴĸЦһ
ҲԼ̫ˣ¶ѣظȷԼûҵڵκһϢʿֻǺͼеƶѡ
ô룬ϯԨȴЩŲ£ȥһ顮ǡԴ
ɣҪ˷Աǵ
˵һʼ˼ûڸϣȴǼ˴󲿷ע
ϯԨϣ͵޹ϣããǺޱߣûûе꣬ԼҪѰҵĻ֪Ҫҵʲôʱ
ҲδǼ¡
ŸļչϯԨеɻ󲻶ӣüϣάԼ˵û
ȿ˼米Ƿ͵йءԵϣάüԼڽһԼᣬǿ˼ͷȥ
лҪ˵
ȻƳٸ£ûжϸء
õһֱ̫ԸʱʱΪÿʮɣ˯QAQ



62 
ϯԨĵϢ, ǷҪⳡԼЩԥ
ô˵ԼģóȻжʵںûзȡ
û˼̫á
Ϊٽʱ, ε֮ڵĲޱȵĸvvvipͻһϢ, Ԥλá
Ѿ緹ʱˣǾͳԹ˵ɡ
ԷȥֳҲûʲô, û˼ƫͷϣά
ϯԨȤĶЩΪΣյʩ, ƫƫֲȥ١
ϣάû顣
ε֮ǵʳﲻ˵ѳ, Ҳûжó, ֻǳԲͬʳˡ
˷, ϣάҪ뿪
ϯԨ, Լûڣôϣά˵Ҫߡ
¡
ұֵôôϯԨһЦ
ԼԸαװĻ, Ȼαװ޷첻ϣά, ɶѾ̹, ҲûҪԺкʵĻ, ϣάҲǲܡ
ϣά˼ĵͷܰæĵطô
, ֻһС鷳Լܽ
ϣάİһܸҵ, ǵĴڹغܣϣάԼҲ˵
ϣά, ô˵, ûʡ
ǻ˼ҡ
Ȼ, ϣά뿪
ֳľ͵, ͻĿݳõ¥鷿ǩպ뿪
鷿
ϯԨ򿪹ǡ硣
ǳгڳݳ⻹вĺۼ
Ϊ𱬵ѧ£Ǽͨ汾ʮԸıɸɽܵƣⲿƷȫĻߡ
Ϊڳ¼ģҳϵݶ˳ֻ֣иʻûвŻǼͨ档
ϯԨͨг˵дѾû⣬ݿķԽҳͨƿĶˡ
ߵĳԱ֮ǰֻƽƽ˵Ĺ϶Ѳݡ
Ħ塣
ϯԨֽǡԭģº͵İ汾̫ˡ
ҪиܵԼǲ˳Ϯ/ıŷҶ˸ֺ͸Ļ͸ҵԼԭ
ǡԭĦΪʹ˸Ǽʰ汾еǼʰ汾ԭ滹еֻڸڲ
ҵйصݣȥߵǼʷ̸׷ݵǰ
µʱ䣬һǼʵƷʱ컹ϯԨҲûȤ֪
ûҵ͵йص˿ס̾˿
ҲԼˣⱾǡԼеĹûйֻǴɳѡͬŵĳ߶ȥƵƷƺûʲôϡ档
ϯԨҪ£ȥսֱȴһ⡣
ôɺϵ£֡Ǳĸ߼Ƽֵ֣ͨʱԼʱȥԶ
ֳƵѧƷ
֪ԼҲǿи⼸ɱǲ¡
ϯԨαϣͷĿзԼյȼϢ
ԼĲ²ģôڱضΣڵϦ
Լս֮ǰȺ߻ûԽ򾯽ߣܹõϢȫսսͿƼֶλȡ
˷룬̫з˲ٵϢػҲпܵģֻһϼѧƷʲôǿ֤ݡ
ôҲûãԼڵ֪ΣҲǱ޳Ī
Ĳ˵ֻ˵Լ뿪̸صˡ
ϯԨ۾Ȼûа취ȥ򣬵ǲԼЩ¡
ʹõǱ˹涨Ǽͨң߸߼һͬ飬һҪֱܹ֮ʹá
̫䵽Լûа취뿪ȴԹӶԼһĦĲ壬ֱӹӶڲԱ
һⱾ鵽ǲдģ͵ġ
Ĺڵ˽֪̽ûһС
ûС
ҪҼĦⲻ󣬵ڲȴѡ
Ǽð߽ϯԨҰһֻԾǼʼְҵֻҪǮûġ
Ǽðߡ
ûѡ£Ҳû취ѡ񣬶ðרŵվֱɸѡҡ
۸̫ߣʵҪӲϯԨϸѡұȽϺʵġ
ûԷ׼ȡۡ׼úüȥ硣Сʻ괬ϯԨɲһСûҪĵط

ýӵϯԵͨѶ
һǲҲ㣬Ͳ׼ˡϯͷôһ䣬˱Թ
ϯԨ˿ˮЦһָҲȥ㣬ѵӦøô
Ҫ֪㣬鷳ˡ
ҶǴˣ˵Ҳֻ㵽Ϊֹ
ϯû˵˵ĺ㲻ңû鷳һ
۸ŲѾˣʦź˵ǵòҪܡ
˵ͷ˵ء
ϯ֪ʣʲô
ҵ˭
һ˵£ϯԵıϾͱˣͷʹʣͲܲ׷ôҲûܵʲôʧ
áϯԨޱ顣
ԲںҪԼ޹ϣάǣ̫ˣѾԽĵߡ
˭øۡ
ϯˣϯԨһҪ֪Ŀ»Ǳű뷨
ˣ쨼ղԸæ˵һѾ御ˣϯԨʲôҲֲԼͷϡ
˵Ҳûȫô棬ܶ඼ģҲһȥʡϯԽԼ鵽ĺг
ûʲô쳣ΨһһЩģǵ찲ŸϣάϢҡ
Ϣ⵽ˡʲʹòʲô⻹滺ƣͣľʱһͻܵӰ졭ʹɹĹܼңõĴû͵Ϣȥ
ϢõǶ޺ģֻвһЩʡ
ϯԨϢǹɵŵʱȷʵƣ⣬Ҳûвκε쳣
ϯôһ˵ӦǺԼþʯʱŷ˱仯
ܽϢҵĳ涼ɣҽ˶ܵŲһ飬֡ϯֹ
˵
һףӶϿġ

֣ϯԨȻһ㶼⣬һֹȻ˵ĸо
ΪʲôҪ֡
ҳ¶ʲôôϯǸС㡣̡
ɾܿƣ޷μӳ񣬵Լȥ
ϯԲĿһΪ᲻š
ǰϯԨ԰жΣ˵äĿԴ󵽾ðֺ
û֤ݣҲֻǻɣܼ̳۸Ųûг⣬ôշ㽫̳۸ٷ֮ʮŲ
˼ǳ⣬Ų̳еĶ
ϯĺϯǶ˵˰ĳ̫㱻ϯƾҲϹȥ
ֳ
֮ǲ㣬ΪܼǰϯԨ㴫ȥҲȲܼЩ顣
˵鵽Ϊֹ֪Ǵô
ϯԵĻƲ⣬Ȼûֱ֤֤ǰģӦҲ߳ϵİգ򲻻Լ˵µΪֹ
ǻ޾氬ҪЩСϯ˵ͣһ˵ô˵Ҳ۸Ĵƾûȷ֤ǲ̫֡
ֻǾ棿̫ôƽ
ϯԲ⣬ԴԤϵ˵ϯǰİٷ֮ʮŲ
Ų⣬ôʣµҲ¡
ϷϯԾЩԲסϯԨϯԨе齻ԼûйʣȻ鷳˼ҲΪԼȴô©
ڳºϯԨҲû˵ʲôֻ˵Լס
Ȼʱȷǰûָ֤ϯԨֻܳưͿ
԰ͽ䣬ҲǶϯԨĲˡ
ϯԨڿǣ̶ֳ㲻㹻
Ƭ̺˵˵⣬һһҪ󡣡
˵ֻҪܴӦĶӦ㡣ϯԺʹ˵
ǱҪٳǰ
ϯҪеѣҾɡ
Ǿһ
ʲôͬϯҭ

ڶ졣
ϯԨϯʦ
֪ǵŲСһʱ²ƲЩԾλĿϵĲҵͶʵȲñֵҺԲƣǱҽһǧϡ
ֻǩ˸֣ͼ̳ӴĲƲ
ʦ˵ģ滹ٶǰĴƸֻǼ޸ϯ˼ױ
ϯŵʱûٻӻȻҲôĴ̹ݳ޵
ʱҲҲ˵̳ǰ鷳Ǽ£ôӴĲƲôҲǼ£ٶԼȥļƻ𵽺ܴá
ϯԨǰĲС
ҪȥһˣİĻʲô£ýǮģЩɫش
ܼķϺеλÿһʱͻ䶯һΣ׶ڡ
Ϊÿα䶯Ŀܳ׾ͻʧЧҪڱ䶯ǰУ¸²֪ĵȥʱ취뿪׶ҲǼѵ¡
ϯģóˡ¥ݷ򺰵
˾ˡ
һϯĴӷܳ
ñӴãҪðˡſڵñӰС̵ͷϡ
ϸĩϯԨԼҪԽԽ࣬ϯڼԼҲ˲Ϻ˼ȥϯıȤࡣ
Ҳѧϰģžǿֽѧһ죬ʦͻһ֡
ϯȻԲܸЩʧ䣬ջǹԹĻѡ˸ϲġ
ϯ͵Ȥſڡ
ϯɵģС̵Դ˵ú棬ȳһ£ϲ´ξͲˡ
Ǿ˾˲Ǻæ𡣡
СԽתĿ죬ǵϴԼ˵Ļ
ҿԸͥʦտ븻УƴֵϯԨ˵
ϯЦ˾˵ļٵġ
˵ءָᵯ̵Կǡ
︺ڻ滭Ǵʦǣ߳ЦЦϯ˵
ϯ̣ú˾˵ټˣ̶ڵŶ
ϯɿ֣˵Ǿ˾ټ
ţȥɡ
ϯԨվſڿһ뿪ˣȤֲҳǳࡣ
ܷġ

ϯԨ֮ǰһȻȥһסĹԢ
ԭҪô鷳ƫƫϣԱòײһᱻϳ
סĹԢ
žӸԼױӰӢüֻ΢٣ٿ޴
һоһϯԨûдȥī
⽫ݴ󷽷չʾһֻҪԽ̣Խ׽ļݺͱϵһ
ݵֵȻÿζҪ׼ǱҲ鷳
еڴһҵӰԺڡ
ϯԨ˺ֱߵٵߺŴڣһΪһǧǱҵݹȥԼֽܿʵһ֡
ںĴƳӹǱңɨɨһ棬̧ͷòԵ΢Ц
ҪһƱǽͬĵӰ
ڶҪŷӳҵڶʮĺλá
ãŷӳλÿţǵһɣҪҰųȥô
֪ܳӦġ
ڷīƯرĴƳ棬ԼܲǵãΨһԭδƳǵһ
ϯԨԭϻױڱȽϵŨױ룬Դ˽á
ֻǻױûԼŮװȫʲô
ٺò
ϯԨ죬Լʮ߰꣬ıԵõͳ
ߣյһŷӳҡ
л
˳ŴƳָ·ߣϯԨߵŷӳſڣЩƳ档
һֻطƳڿʱ򣬴λվߵǰ
ߺŰҸ·
šû˵ʲô
طƳߵһǽǰ߽ŷǽһȺΧΪһİš
Ƕ񣬿סԼгšطƳĽͣһɫĶ˹
϶طƳ棬źػص¥ݣ˴ԼӺŽһ´
˵Щʣһֵһȥ·𿴲ͷ
ϯԨͷˣܴ󣬶ռԶϵĽ
۴αȵļ׵̺ͷֳĵ·߶ĶǴźɫĴƳ棬żƳǴƵӰûһֻ۳档
˵ԼΨһһֻ߽۳棬ϯԨſһ۸ԼεطƳ棬ԷûкԼһͷ
ʲôҪôҿԸܡ
طƳΪʲôԶҲʲôͷࡣ
ӺɫƤһǱңϯԨĴһ£˽
û⣬ҶԳˣûбҸ˽ĳ档طƳֵһǧǱң¶һŵЦݡ
Ǳҵķ£طƳǵûʲôһЩʵ⣬һ۾ͿǰڷƳǵһ
һźðҲǸȱǮģҪһӦܳ鲻ɡд͡
ȸһ½гĹء
һ仰Ҫ˵ǰ棬ǾκһгҪعأȻĻᱻýֹڡطƳ˵ܹܵͣĳ̶ȡ
ײһҪǱңҲȫҵ뷨
ΥҩƷֻҪǱҽгŪǵĽгڸУΪܵϸ׶ĽгСġ
طƳ˵ϯԨ˴ŵ˽⡣
ռ۵õֵزģĺлǡСģԼһӦòߡ
ϯԨƤпطƳ棬ûкǰһֱӸǮ˵Ūݣа취ô
ζԶ


63 
˵Žг, ʵϻǺС
ĳҲʲôطĹϯԨĻطƳϸ˿ƤǱ, Ȼصһͷ
ȻС
ϯԨƤзŵڴ, ʾȥôٲġ
û⣬طƳǰ·
ں, һ··˺ܶĵ̯λ, ڷŵĶ廨ţкܶණԴŲڳķ, 붼Ǵġ
ܼ˵û, ȷʵҵܶΥƷ, ˵Ǻܶ಻۸۳ΥƷ
ϯԨɫ̩Ȼ, ֪ԼղŵΪһһЩע⣬ⲻʲô⡣
мȻܹﳤõĿ, С, ⾮ȻģҲһġʹгĶԼ, Ҳط֡
ο, 涯Ҳ, 
ĵط׼ôҴҡڵ߽ء
Ҵȥһкܷḻľ飬Ҫ
طƳԼ˵, طϤгתպܿľ͵һλڽĵ棬۵, ŸٵĴƳ档
үүڲ, йšطƳǰǸ꽻̸䡣
Կ, Ȼ˵ͷ
ڵ, ֻȥ
סȫñȴֻסһֵȴΪϯԨ˼ֹûʵ
ܽǿȥ棬ġ
ϯԨǱҳطƳݹȥһƳңҲֱ뿪
ĵطƳǱңЦüۡ
ϹˣûͨôģָǸЩĳ档
ż
û˵Ƴ棬ŶԷ
ڲСʮƽ˸ָĶȥڵϺһ
ǸĴƳ棬ĺˣͰ͵ƤͰ׻ͷϯԨ󣬵һμô˥ϵĴƳ棬ֱʮ껹ϡ
үүĳ档
ƳǰĴƳＸ䣬ȻһӷǰЩºƿȥˡ
ֻʣϯԨֻƳ档
ߵǰ˵˵㾭ḻ
ǱꡣƳϡ
ҪһԼݣĳôϯԨżɽ˵
ݲܱģֻҪģǿҲܹĿġ
ϴƳ鶼û䣬ܶƵĻˡ
Լ棬Ҫ浽ʲô̶ȣӦ֪ٵľǼٵģԶܱġ
ϯԨ΢Цݵģġ
ǵݵŪƫԶһЩѰɣȻһоͲ᲻֪
ֻҪһܲǼٵģǾġ
ûʲôΥҼ͵£ֻҪ赽۹ٷǰһгļݾġҪ͵۹Ҳܳϸһʱ̡
˵ûݡϯԨ˵žҪ
ҵûһҡ
ϴƳ۾Щǣ˺ܾã˵Ҫȥʲô
пĻش𣺡ֻͨڵЩ鷳
ϴƳüͷһ壬⻰˵Ĳ岻ȥɲʲôû
УԭһĴԼģڶԷˣݵȻҲûˡԼ۸ǰֻƳ治ǿԣֻֻƳǸʵĽ׶ô
ϴƳ治˵˼ʱϯԨѾתȥҲʱһӱ
ǽгҪκζ
ҪĶ֧ܰȡĴô
ϯԨŲһͣعעֻƳ棬ζҵ֪ж఺󡣡
ϴƳָ˵
ȥ
ȻֻƳԼҪĶ˵ҪĴۣôʣµ޷Ǿ̸һ̸׵ľݡ
ұ֤߱гҲбġݡֻ۸ֵý׵ĳ档ϴƳ˵ˮһˮ
ϯԨ˵Ҫʲô
ԼѯʶԷ
ҿʵϴƳ۾ܿαװ
ôϯԨÿɷ
αװôֻҪжױ˭֪ŨױӣڿԼʵֻ˵Լεĺܺá
һǧǱңԼһŵ
һʵֻҪһǧǱңֻҪΥҼͿ˵¿ʼļ۸ֱ˵ǰײ˼ۣ˵˲š
ϯԨ΢˼һ£۸ԶԼǰԤ㣬ݵĻҲǲܽܡ
Ҫһʲôŵ
ֻǸһĳ棬ҪһŵͲº󷴻ô
£֮ǽ׵ݡ
Ը⣬ھͽнףܾĻ͵û˵
˵
ϯԨ˼ȻҪģղžͲ
ֻҪŵرףԼҲǲܴӦ
ҵΣգϣܱӻһʱ䡣ϴƳƽ˵
Ҳ֪ʲôģĴƳ޷Ǿô֣ҪݵĴƳǷ˷֮ͽǲһ
ϯԨ̫ɾˣûɱ¾µѪ֮˵˵ĸо̫һ㲻ǸҪݵıͽ
ôôαϣЦ
Ͳαװģҿȥó棿
ӻһʱ䣬˵Ѳѣ˵Ҳ򵥣Ͼ֪Ϊʲô鷳š
ֻһŵ֮㷴ڣҲˡ
ϯԨü˭֪أһҵ⣬Ҳûֿܡ
ǱߡϴƳ˵
Ϳˡ
û˵ҲӦҪȿƷûĻҿȸ𡣡Ȩ֮ȿ
ϴƳ˵ĶһݵĻֻȥ̫˷ʱˣԼûôʱ䡭ĺгʱҲûˣȥط鷳
ûиõ£ϯԨ˶ΣŪõݾС
ҪкʵģҲǲ鷳ġ
һݿҪȼݵĲռ󣬶ļƻҲĳЩ۳ĳ̫࣬ƳԿɣࡣ

ϯԨ߳񣬾ͿһߺƳطƳ档
طƳŤͷһæվߵǰ°ˣ
ˡ
ݵ鷳ֻ˵򵽵ݱѾʮֵƣҪľһ̨µĹԣȻݴſȥһ֤
֤Ϣ٣ҲΪ¼ӡ
ϯԨЯľֻԶһǧ򣬶ʣµǱһ֤ɹֱת˵ϴƳһ˻
ϻһЩƷġ
ȥ

ϯԨǰһƳ棬ټҲһ
һԶԳƿ˹ϴƳԱߵĴƳ棺ǺϤô
˭Ŷ˵ǰүɡ
ҲϤһֱмͱҪϤһЩ
˵˵ǡϯԨһǱҡ
طƳԥⲻðɡ
ڶš
طƳ棺ǲǰүү˵ˣҪ⣬ƢȽϲá
ϯԨüţЦһ
֪ĻˡֲԩͷԷ۾͹ˡ
Ͽ˹Ͱү£ʲôطƳ̸Ŀڣ۰Ͱ͵ĿǱҡ
һЩҲãҲãֻǸļǮ
һֱôҿſɲǻЩ⣿
ǶǰڵȤϲŪЩϡŹֵĶЩûõģʶôþûжȥġ
ȫǿϿ˹ղ׬ǮȻг볡Ѷ
Ŷ˵Ͽ˹պܺãû鷳ģ˵֡
ûС
ûУ˹˵鷳򵥡
һһУǺܿһ̯λ
۵һЩЯʲôҪġطƳ˵ź̯λϰк̬ʾǷǳϤ
ϯԨ̯λаڳ۵ףЩСıװںֻĴָСķԱߣԼгͷô
ȴǶǷǳֲڿڴᱻ֡
ԳǷǳҪսĿܻм˽⣬Щоųûм
طƳ·бӵĿܣԼҹҲбӵĿܣŵʱԶûֳϣôֻ취Щˡ
һַ¡
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ϯԨһǹеףЦһĶҿ᲻ʲôȤ
ǹе̫ϼΪǿʮǹеͣԻװƵ
ò˵ֶȻֹȴûȫֹ
ϯԨڱոϰһ£һھǹеĥۼڸǵĲϸһ֪Ǹֵġ
طƳҪεĽƳסѹ˵λǴˣĺöó
֪źöҪңüǮ
λȱǱҡ뵽Լ׬СѶһµģطƳĵİϯԨ˵źû
һġվϯԨǰѹǵϯԨŵʱ򣬿ȴеơ
֪ˡ˵
طƳ˿±ƢĺѰԼĴͻߣҪǿʶķϣŲѺڷƳ
ƿתٳʱһʯС
õĶҪǻûȤͱ⵷ˡ
ϯԨʯ죬ʯеĲʿȥôʯЩƣȻɫһȷ
˵
ڡ
ǸȸСȫһңļҾƷԴģϯԨȤĶ࿴߿Ƽô
ʯд¶Ķ
һɫĳޣԵıͺɫʯֱ϶ѳһɵ·
һ˲䣬ϯԨ뵽ϣάϵĳơ
ӣڿһӣһ
ܹ˵̺ȷЩƼҪϯԨۣȴ治ɫ
޵Ĺͷ޽ƳɵıӣʮƣǼܹ̫ӵ
˵ţһֻ֣Ҫ
Ŷ򰡡
ƨ˵ǧǵŭ
ϯԨûбŵɫȻҲ˵档
˭֪ⶫǲⶫҲİɡ
ڸղšһ¶ЩϢյĻ֣ʵӦҡ
׵ϣҲʵ߲ܹʹá
岢ûĵطǧô㡣
طǧ̫ˡ
ȷǸƢڿӾͺԼһȭطƳ̰ԱţɳȭͷѾԼϡ
ϯԨʵջ㣬ǿһףʵʵʵһ˿Ϣû¶Щ׼ʵΡ
ͨƳ棿ЦذɣִƳǺʲô
ôͲˣҪҲóǿš
ϯԨѼӲ
ȷǸöҪǼݻҪں򵽵ĻʡĲ١
ҪȷܸȤѾչ죬һϵһȴǸո𲽣֪ƷҴʵ
۰ɡ
һ㶣û뵽Ҫ򣬶û׷ⶫ
ǸöҲʲôƳ涼ģҪǲСĻ鷳طƳİϯԨôὲó
ȥָ
ˡ
ˣѾܱˡˡ
򣬾򲻵ģǺҲһҪҡ
ϯԨıӣóõĶԶĻǵһóá
Դ෢ϵ¼ѡԼǰὫ΢һ
ΪҵʺԼģÿֶ
ľűӣϵ·֮ͨɫһ˲ûյǵ۾
ͼˣڷƳľжֲ
ϯԨ֪ʲôֻǵһڼۣǧ򡣡
һڿˮŬ˵Уǧ˰㡣
ƫƫͷӴƳ治⣬ּطƳԱ߱˵˵ģ
Ƶ̫Ҳãǧ˰Լλࡣ
ԣҪ㼸
û⣬̯ϵЩֵǮģǧ˰֣ԼͿȥˡ
ȵѡԼҪĶϯԨöָ³һʼδĻ
ǱҲҪȥȡžֻҪǷĵĻԺһȥá
ָڲ۵һƬȶռƷӡõģһЩ
УһֽǮһֽġҲҪܾ
ϯԨҲûǿռָӻصС
æҵĽסŭѵҪڡ
ǣǿԼʱסͷһֱʱʾˣЩû򣬵üӿʱˡ
ҪѪΪɽףôصģɺòײŰѶȥһЩ᲻á
ҪϯԨǰٶô죬뱩ĳ嶯
طƳġ˵ǿԼ档
ֻҪһǱҸгĹߣʲô
ϯԨǵĻûоܾҲûдӦֻ˵Ҳϣ֪Ҵʲô
Էģֻǽ׶ҪʾƷʲô
ԡͬˡ
ҲûԥҪʱǮ
ԼԼתܷѶʱ䣬ϯԨֱ˵궫
ã


64 
ϯԨ˴г, ԼҪĶ
󲿷ֶǲԡϯԨݹĶû취۳̫ˡκΡΣաĶ۳ܹƷ嵥ϡ
ЩǾܹҲҪд, Ҫѯʡ
ռָļ۸, ҲһܹװĶ
طƳǶֵˣһ·ϯԨĶܵ, òɡ
, ҳȥڽ̸еֻ֪طƳ֡
Ҳʱ֪ԭЩ·ĴƳҲһЩƴһЩĳ, Ͼг涼Ը⵽еġ
ϯԨ, Ժв, ǷԼ
˳ʱ·»صӳ
ժ¶Ȼ뿪
͡Ѿ̸, ȻֻҪ㹻ǱҵľڷӳſڵԼ
һһضò˶ʱ, ϾϯԨĳ, ֱӸתҲӡ
»صӳʱ, Ĵȥһ, ѾǰȺˡ
ıֿ, Ƕ㲻ϯԨĹ۲죬ĳƽŵĽźͽ, ڿһ˲ɢ
Լһȥء
оӵУȻӡнӹöװԼҪƷĽָ
ϯԨٿһ˿΢ɲľ̽룬ȷĶں, ΢˵ͷ
ܺ, ɡ
ǱѾһˢ, ֺ˵õļ۸һ, üЦ˵
û
뿪˵ӰԺ
ϯԨԼĳԼĶöռָС
ܹĿռָɫֳһֱɫϵһ֪öָͨĽָ
Ȼܵһֿӣüͷ򳵴⡣
ĳ͸ĲǴ￴⻹Ǵ⿴ﶼ㣬ֿӸоǴ෽ǰġ
ֻһͣûпƳӰ
ϯԨ˼ԼǱˣ
ʵҪ֪ǲǱܼ򵥣һԲ֪ˣҪǲ´ûʲô汻Լ˵ˣҲҪЩԼĳһѵ

ʵǿϯԨǲģͲϲܹʹó޵̫ӣϵĳ̶ȡ
ȥȻһԶģżͺ⡣
ĸټҲʲôĽɫ
Ԣڵ³뿪Լ߽Ƭ·ܼ¥ƶߡ׶Ϊƶĵط
ʹҲȵһЩҪͷ
ϯԨڼ֮£ЩػǸ裬ûмġ
ŵСβƺΪûз֣˿ȻŽܹ棬ʵĿǰ֪Լô׾ٷֵģҲʲôɫ
ӦǿԼ䵥ټں̫±ϵġ
ڳԺڣﶼʱֻǾͲ֪Ե˭ˡ
ϯԨһӡ
Ƭ׶ĲԶ򣬽ͽ֮µӲխĿ·Ҳֻ䱻ӡ
⽫ƬԢΪԱӣҪԼһЩס
ϯԨûµʱѹĳ·ͼȻûͼѾˡ
ҹջҪעβͣ˵ǾΥһЩٵȤǶִһ㡣
ֻƳո䣬ԼѺڷƳˡ
ȥˣ
ղŻǰߣôһӾûˡ
϶Ǳ˦ˡ
ϯԨӸ£վһΧǽϣ¿ȥ
ҡ
仰ƳЩģҲǳֱӳɫޣŰľֱӳֻƳ֡
ЩƳķӦٶȲڷΣյĵһʱ䷴
ϯԨԺһԶ֣ھµĶͺǰͬˣʤ
ӺĳƳϣһֻϲ֪ʲôʱһǹָҪ˺ܵĴƳ棬ӵ
͸Ƴϥǣֱӹ˵ϡ
Ѿ飬ĻǷӵֱӴ͸ԷĴԺࡣ
࣬Ҳǻġ
ϯԨϲ֪ʱЦݣ˷лų죬ò˵żĽ
ֺ飬ڳԺڶԼֵľǵˣ׵ضԷ϶ŹԼ

ľѹֻƳ涯ãһǹָǣƲ
ֻƳ浽ڶ֪ΪʲôԼô죬ǵʵȻҲҺϻɺڳԺڵ£ֻû뵽ôġ
ϯԨɹϣάپľ֮һǿαװģɹľΨһ̹ĴƳ澫ϣάģѡαװϣάġ
ǰֻƳ沢ûзְǴƨĳ棬ʵһֻ۳档
ûǰ⼸ֻƳģǺǻֱܹģǺڳԺҲһ£١ϵĳҲ١
ϯԨ̧ؽֻιȥϴζϣάľ飬һûֱ֣ȫ
ԼѡλûмҲƫƧ̫ͣãȻǻбֵķա
ϯԨֱþƳĴԣпǵڵʱôϾֱӶȡ䣬ζŶԷѹҲкܴʱɰ׳ա
⼸ֻƳļ俴飬ɫԽԽڣֻƳԶĸӡ
۳ĥ¶
ϯԨûֱ֣Ӷȡ󣬽ֻƳľɸɾǵĺˡ
ת˲䣬ֻƳû˺
ĮȻĿһ۵ϵֻƳ棬תһ·뿪ɱֻƳȫûиκεĲʡеʱԳʹֲݳ棬ȻӽǸõѡ
ϯԨһʼûڼԼӰ񣬾ֻƳˣҲв鵽ϡ
ֻƳ汳ţȻһһ㵽ס
ϯԨصԢ
ûкһһ뿪ǽԼĶóǰŴ˲ֲὫҪļʹ÷ġ
Щв˵;ģûôʹá
ڿƼƷĲʽǱʽĲģʽ΢ʹüܴͨ
ϯԨһ۽컨ȥǱңǧǸݺ͸ղùıӣò˵Լ۱ȷǳߣϽʵһֹ
⻹ֻþٿӵĽָܹȥʵʵӿֲ
µһ̨ԣȻϯԨݣֻǩյַѡǡۡĹԢַ
Ǽʱٶȷǳ죬µǰ󲻹һСʱͻŵĿݳͽĿ͵ˡ
ϯԨǩպߵ𿪰װ
¿ʽȫޱȣֱܹӾӲ̫¼ƽ̨Ĺԣôǰ
ɫĻ߻Сֻࡣ
ƽ̨ܸȤϵϷУǵ¼豸ǳӣҪСôС豸ܵ¼ֱ˼顣
ⲻûгʽʽģֻǶӴ󲻺ЯҪǼ۸ǳ󣬵׵ĵ¼ֻͬҪڰȫУʱضܹʹá
ȽݿоƬϹԣԿԶм⣬ͨݼܹעҪĸ˻
ϯԨֺƬϴȷϰ˻ȻáϯԨ˻ۡתˣתٸ˹תʣµ߰ȥ
ݾˣԲѯĵζſԤԼңǳͻǽ׿̲ݻ
۳ʲôΣգʵĸоϯԨоǳãܻ᲻ΣգԼʵıϡ
˾ңȻֱԤһСʱŨ̶Aҡ
ۡݵľAеľαװһAƳľ̫ˣǰɵֻƳľ΢Ķһ£ܳΪһڵľ
ղڽ֤ʱѾͨ˹ٷϵͳ֤ϯԨ֪ΪԼľͬû鵽Ƶӣ˼ֻܹͳĲͬ

ۣԤԼ
ԵȣҸһ£кšԤԼAСʱõģûˣָߣſ
л
ϯԨſָļͷܿľ͵ԼԤԼſڣһ·߹ûôƳ棬ϿյֻܹԼĽŲ
ſһˢ̵ƱƣȻǰ򿪡
߽ȥϡ
ɵǽڣͷҲһ
Сʱʱ䣬Ƿڿʼ̫Ũȡ
ϯԨ˵ǡ
ʼͷ̫ӣŨСAͷAŨȵ̫ӣĿǰԴﵽޣʱСʱʱʼ
ûʾ̫Ũȳһ׵ʱͿʼһǳ
̫޷ֻоܹռгܼ̫ӣתǾ֮ͽӴУռһƬƵϡ
תմռݵķΧȴڲϵСһɫĹâȴԽԽŨأֱΪһŷŽɫâǳ
ͻһˮɣͬһ򵥡
ռ۳ĵһǳ߹ţռռߵλá
·ǵڶƬûʵƽӹ˵ڶתٶȲϵļӿ죬ܿڶǳ֡
СʱϯԨӾռеǳĿǳſȻС
ÿһҪǰһŸ࣬ϯԨﵽ߷壬ҲǾĵء֮Ǿ͸Լȫ
뵽۾
ضӦ˹涨ĵף˵ˡҲһУȫǾҲãҲãҪ׵
ôȥңϣѣϯңһĿԣУԼȥпЩ˵ˣĽ϶
ʱ꣬ѡ
ϯԨûм
򲻴οֻA̶ȵ
ҪȥԼԭݣȻȥӳˡϯģУôҲȥȤô
Ȥ⡣
ϯԨԼΨһһӳ̷ѧģвٴƳ۳涼ˡ
ǽϣĿɨЩ۳棬ձ龫ȼߣȴҲûй۳ôƽ۳͹۳ĳ˵̫һ
Щƽ۳ϱ̬ȻԣнȴҲûй۳Ƕӵϰ
ûã¿ˡ
ϯСŴܳޱȿĵʣ˾ôˣ˵ʦһؼ𡣡
ʱ䣬͹㡣
Ŀôֽϯı
ϯıסЦ˵ţǾ˾ҡ
ʲô
˾˴ȥԺóԵġ
ϯԨܲʵָ߰˳ɣʮĹָܻSϢôҲֵף
Ү˾ˡ
ҪϴγԵģܡݮ⻹ը໡
ϯģϯԼߵˣ̿ĵͷ
ԣʲôԡ
̫ˡ
Դϴθϯ޸ĺ˺ϯĵȶʱʹ٣Ҳںǰһ۵ֱ¡
űһٵϯĻؼҡ
ԵĺñϯӣɵЦ
˾ˣ´ǺʹƸһȥòá
šϯԨӦһ䡣
ϯļ˵̫ˣԺʹƸһȥ

ʮ
ܼĻ
ϯԨЯϣάһϯʽʼǰΪܼɵĹϵʱֿ
϶Цÿ濪İǿôһ˵һ߱Ц
ǼװϯΪܼôܲʱæأҲڱͶ˲˲е㴭Ϣʱ䡣
ܼǽЦÿģǿЦӿŲǽ鵽ȥ
û뵽һģұΪǰԨ㣬ϸûʲô⡣
ȴû뵽ϯԨ뵽ԼϣάôҲӦϯʡ
űƣһֱעų˼
ע⵽ʣôˣ
㿴е㲻Ծ
㶼üġ
˵ˣ⼸챻·ţҶ㶼㲻
ãû
̽ȣ·άӣ˻ǸĴӣôˣ
˸ۣ˵ˣһ֪ԭ򡣡
ϯԨһѪϲ㣿
̸ϣֻ۸۸׽׽Ҳͦáǳ鴤˵
ģϿʱȷʵľƣ
ร⻹ã·ÿãҪȢˣֻкôûл
һ۵˦Цһ˵ÿϣҸô
Ͳˣ֪ҲһЦźˡ
ʼ¶࣬˵ҸȢƾҪȢҲȢ鷳
ϯԨԣ˵
ǡ
˵ʱ򣬳̽ͻȻָһ˵Ǹǲ·
ʶҪҲ֪Ϊʲô·ԼȤڵ۳治ҪͺԼߵĽ
˵Ҳڡ˵žҪת·
ϯԨס棺ûá
һʽʼѵҪȱϯܼɡ
Ǽܼϵõľ棬˭ȱϯ涼ȱϯ
˵棬ϯԨ
ⳡϴԼĴƳȹȥ˲٣ЩĿⲢǿ۳ǴŴ桢̽ȫΪϯԨ
˼ȥҲû⣬ôôƳĿ⣬вһЩѻƳ档
汻ôһѣҲԼֵܵĻܡ
ǻҵİɡ˵
ӣ˵ǿ۰ĴӣҲס
̽ңҾҲ·ϡ
ϯԨ濴
δ۳棬ñӡϯԨ治ɫ


65 
Ļ, ˢˢͷ
⡣ϯԨü
̽ĿİͰ͵˵дⰡϴȻ˵Ļ
´ʲôƵĵԭЩǸ, ڿҲû˵
Щ, Ͼۼڻ԰ӣͷҪΪϣάЩҲû⡣
˭ϲÿء
˵ʲôֹӣҲһ٩ң
Ȼǡһ, ˵ֻ鷳ˡ

ϯԨ˵Ļ, ȴ۳ŵͷ֪ЩԼ֪¡
Ȼѯʵʱ, Ϊ˵ʱ, λ谮Ĵ·߹
׼ȷ˵, ·Ŀ档
ҲˡЦ
˰ɡ
ɫһڣҲŲҪ
۸ϣ, ȴԼҪģο·ʲô⻹ô, Լȥ׷۳ˡ
, þá𷢱۵ĴƳ·Ĵߵǰ, ̵ЦӯӯĿǡ
⼸λô
ʹ֪, ڳ۳涼Լ, ·Ǻܸӵˡ¡ĳƺ
μ棬·άӡ
Щ涼û, и£һμ·ĳ
·òʺãͳ̽ǲܺӡ·վŵĿǵ۹Ψһһλ, ˲ǸԼ鷳ô
竹, Ƕٻһӵġ
, ϯԨ, ԱǸǳ̽Ϊóʵģһͦ˶⽻
ָ䵭ٵİԨûĳ̽ڣǻԼٲ̫
ǺͰǺѣƽʱһġ
·ĻƺǳȤĿϡ
ϯԨ֣˵ǻЩƫԶԵϵ
ʵϲ֮˴ͨ飬ǺͻҲûУνƫԶԵϵڹ֮żʡ
·Ѳ뵽ںԼʹϵֵΪʲôԼϵԼ·Ӧǵһμ棬ʲôֵ·࿴ô
˵ģ
棺ûС
ǰ˵ģҴģ˵ϯԨԼĴƾء
ⶼǴﴫȥҥԣԣҲҥԡ
ƾϴûнأĴƾ
δƾһ³̽Դ˵㲻ǻɩô
ǲǴơ
̽û˵꣬ϯԨѾˣʱﻹû˵Ļ˵ˡ
ϯԨӦһţδƾ
ǳˣǰԨԼҲôĵ
·ĿעϯԨϯԨ˵ġǰȻ˵ϯҺ˹ͼؼҵ£˵ϯԨܾϣάƾλãֻԸ̵λá
һϯԨϣάĹϵȻЩ仯
·뵽ЩȤǵԼ۸ĽֻźϯԨѾˡҪûУǿ԰ϯԨ뿼ǣֻ۳濴ͺ˼
޿ǻҪ˼ɼ󣬴Ѿˡ
Ա߿֡
̽ǲ˵쿪ʼˣǲǸȥˣ
һʱ䡣˿ʱ䣬ЦŹסļ˵ȻˣˣԨҪϱ˵һǵøǷˮ
仰˵
۳ȢƾùնǴƳ棬۳迨ѵǸ
ǿɲҡ֡
ܼλ׺ֲǲ֪
ϯԨ治֪ûʲôӴ˽ȻҲƬ档

۳ڼͥеĵλϣƾϾǴһٻЩλġرǵƳ屳ʵǿ¡
۳棬Ҳ׵ƾ
δвûʷĶϴϲ㣬һֱӹȥڡ
ķδϣкͺЩ͡
ȴûаЦ⣬·ҪĴƳ治Լһ
ô࣬ҪˡϣάͷЩǵ˵ܼǲǶ㲻á
ֻǵ£ϣά˵ҲһЩ̬Ȳô̰塣
ȥͿˣǰѾ˵ˡ²⣬Լܼ࿴ᣬܺƽͲˡ
ϯԨ˵ҪȢƾǲġ
ϣάһ˵ġ
ˡЦſ˵죬ôĴƳ˵Ļôס
ұҲȥģֻǳ˵⣬ҪȥĻǸ˹Ҳô㣬ǸСĴƳ棬ǰ»
µĿǣ֪ԼͿ˹֮䷢ʲôϣά뽫ʳ˿ڡ
֪
Ҳ˭ǵһ°ܽ֡
³׶ڻԾ罻ϵĴƳ涼֪ϣάԼȥס
ȥʲôġ
˵ͣ˸ӵһϢô
ϣάɻ
ϯԨйϵ
ʲôϢ
ϣάĻЦ˵еĸһЩ
ҲʲôҪϢֻ⼸Ĳ̫죬ƺǺϯҵһЩ⡣˵ϯڼжӶ
ҲӦϯԨ˼ϾϯԨϯԵĹϵϯҵ۳涼ܼǳĴƾ㶯ȻϯԨܲˡ
ϯԨϣάı֣ϣάôûҪȥ彻
˹ЩҲùʡҳˡ˵˹Ϊ󣬾ŸԷһѵ´ֲ֪ȥϣά鷳
û뵽֮ǰϯǱ߾Ͷ嶯ˡ
Ӧ˹ͼؼ棬ɺϣάཻ֪˹ͼؼҲϣά۸ϣάȫãỤϣά
˵㲻֪ôϯԨû㣿
ֻû뵽ȥˡϣάϯԨ˵ĳŵ
㣬ܺá
Լ˸ѧԺpiaoͨȰС۳û취ȻϣϣάҲôڿϯԨǱܼöˡ
뵽ͻȻһ¡
ϣάѧô
ѧ
ţ۳󡭡½򵥵˵һ飬㶼Ҫ޸ˣѡѧĴƳ棬Ӧȥѡ档
û㣬ǵԼ˵
۳ĵжʲôҲ׾ͻᱻ۳ԡ˵ĺί
뵱Ǽ޵ģû뵽ͻȻ˸浰ΪСҲűˡ
ϣάȥҲôģǶֻĥƳΪֵ۳棬ˡ
û뵽תһҪƸһҲδеʱĲ˵̫ʵ̫ˡ
ϣάҲʲô֪ĴƳ棬ǺĻɴҲ֪˵ʲô
뵽ϯԨûʲô仯Щÿ簲⣬Ļһ䶼ûС
ϣά򴽣˵ʱЩȻĻԣ
ţǣ㿴һ㡣ɫһԺѵķʻǵ˵ͷ
ϣάûأ
ϯԨû㣿붮
ֱףǰºûֱӣǲǱܼˡ
ϣάľͷ
ǲǲУ𾪣ɫ΢΢εܼЩܣҪǺҴӦ
֪
⣬ԼϯԨ֮ûκ֮ԽΪϯԨԼȤһ
ȤϣάʣϯԨ˵ϲԼȤôϲء
šüҪϯԨУϣά޸Ĺѷʲô
ҪҪЩġ
С̽һ£ϾǸն顭ҪҲпų浰ͺˣгֵɡ
ϣάԼһҲҳֵ̫⡣
浰ԼȷУⲻֳɵôôûϯԨȷʵЩ
֪ôˡϣά˵

ʽֳ
ɰСͯһӵĺɫܼ꣬¾ʱһһѵǵϡ
ϯԨվܼߣŸװĺӡ
ҲлĴʣֻǴƳ۳ģ۳ֻҪܴƳҳϡһ۳Լ»Ĵƾ۳ڻƾбء
վߵϣά
óһֻϯԨЩĶΣϣά͹һֻֻǺµֻͲһ
ĳֻ֣εĺǷԲԼֻǼΡ
ȷʵֻεĻϯûбҪԼ
ָܼϡ
ϯԨעǣ׿ֻܼʵ䡣
ȻܼԼ벻ô룬Цģȫݳġ
ʽܼͰź˾ϯ
ϯԨΪܼѣȻǵһܼ»Ҫ
ϣάͳ̽һ飬·λŵ۳ϯԨûһںѡ
û۳ʶġ
ϣάֱߵľÿõĹ֭ŵֱߡ
ʡ
еĳ滹ǲҪȾƱȽϺãϯԨעֲϵݣϣάЩˡ
ϣά˵Ļԥһµæ𡣡
ãôˡ
ϣάڹԼ
ʱ䶼ڼָڲиŬ£㽫ָS
ǸϢ
Sζ߼ȡٶȺɸ۵ǳһ
ϣάû׷۳棬û۳ô˵ϯԨЩ
Ϻϣ㶼ûҹҡһڣϣάְգ⻰ֱԼڱԹϯԨԼ̫ˡ
ϯԨûô࣬ԼȷʵǸְѣ˵ʲôû˵
Ҫϣά᲻ڣϣάô˵Լƺ̫ԡ
ǲԼϣά̫䵭ˣϣάų浰浰Ҫ۸ʹƸ׽ϣάӦҲΪɣĳС
ңҲܾġµַŵϸ΢Ĵϣ΢΢һЦ
ϯԨľϣάĳСӣİš
Щûܵ۸ĹذСӶľԵޱУ׽
ϣάû뵽ô֪Լ˵Ļȴûг͡
˵ᣬʹߵҲ̫
ǵϸ׽ģȴǱ濴˸۳ʹƳ濴ǵĿⲻĽǼʣ۳ϯԨ߹ʺܸ㵽ôƯĴƳ棬ƳǼϣάˡ
ϯ󣬻Ϸڡ
ô󡣡ϯԨԼˮüһ顣
ϷĸϷû룬Ҳʱ֪ʲô
ʲôҵǻûҲ»˳̣ǲſһЩ˵ԼҲ˲١
һſվֻ۳棬ֻϯԨֻܼ̽ñ֣һֻܼԼ
Ϸܼ򵥣ֻҪƾԼĸоϳܼͿˡ
ס۾ֹʹþ¡
ȭ䵱Ͳյܼߣֲ´˵ȿȣɷһ϶Ĵƾô
ܼ֪뿴ԼЦԼǸĬϷŹ֡
֪֪˵϶˵ʵġ
ءܼķʡ
ĴƾȻҪˡҲֱӽ׻ظ
ܼҧгݵĻش𣺡ҶԡҵĴƾȻġ
Ǿͺãһ˵ûأǾͲˡ
һļЦ˵϶Ҳ¶ڳĶԼ棬Ĵƾϲ㣬Ҳᱻ˵ȥġ
ϷҪʼ˰Ҷվá
һʱ䣬ֽһˮꡣ
ˮڸ۳ϢأϢصϣϸŸŲϢ
ϣά³ͿԲվŵֻ۳棬ǹɴ̱ǵûθ³
۳治˵²ܿǣҪϳѡ
Ȼ۳涼û뵽ǣ½߹һȦͳɹҳܼ
ժ۵ĲűԼץסܼݡ
ϷһѶȶûС
ĿЩϯԨҲɵľȡܼµϣ濴ǻĬܼ˵ô
⿴Ų񰡡
ܼǿĿļˣԼֳ˵ôϳҵġ
ҵĶҵȻҵ㡣¿ܼ
ֻλûȡ
ҲУ˰ɡ
ܼɫǹڵת׼û˵ԡ
ϳˣԸķ䣬ˡ
üͷ𣺡ִġ
ʲô¡ܼһ˵û䡣
ۼ»Ҫڳһۣô˵ز˾
ϯԨϣά뿪䡣
¡ϣάЩġ
µģܼûô֪ܼͶĲУԴƳ涯£ܼ˵Ŀ϶ǲǰġ
˵ܼ£ܶˣܼҲÿ¶ĳ浰Ͽǿǡ
ˣؼңպмѯ˼
ϡ
Ըô
ϯԨѧҪƳºϣά˵ˣǲ鷳ϣάģϾµʱЩ
Ҫǲ鷳ϣάζԼᱻ䣬ʱǸѸ㡣ԼѾϣάˣٶһֻƳ桭ЦǺͳʲôͬ
ڿǹǺϣά̸һ̸ϣά˼
ϣάû뵽մ˵ת۾ϯԨԼ
뵽ϢϣάĬһ
ʱ䲻̣ϯԨѵãԺҲ֪ûĻᡣ
뵽ϣάǾѡ
ãҺһȥ
лҪ˵
ʮԾ͸ʱ䲻ʮ㣬ڰ㣨׼flagqaqÿһ군



66 
֮еĻش, ϯԨˣĴ𰸴ϣά˵ǲһ
ǹ죬һȥ
š
ϯԨ, ȫڵԼ͸ëͷСû𡣲Ҳ, Ͼӳ̸ִڣٶġ¡Ҳ
ϣάؼ, ٷԼҡ
ѧʱ, 㻹ʣʱ֧䡣
ڶԹ۵ȥһңȽͻƵס
ڶ졣
ϯԨԼɹ۵ģ, һֱS, ˮɵͻƵס
׺ǰȫͬ, Ǿʧȥ, ƶϳһ
Sľ׵ʵԳʵ׼, Ҳεˮ׼
ʱǹ, ʲôΣҲס
ϯԨ΢˼, ƽٳ, ۳ݳûʲôĴ, ڡۡõҲ࣬ȫбϵġ
뵽, ңڵͼһܹƽ̨ɡ
Ȼ춼ѾáۡݳˣôͲҪ˷, ̫϶ԴƳ濪ŵķΧЩȤ
ϯԨûе¼̫ӹɵƽ̨, һĹԼ̳ǰ, ֱܹʹþ¼, ʱæҲûʱ̽
ûٿйƽ̨ϢڲҲۣ˵۳ʹƳ涼ܹ¼ƽ̨۳ӴĺʹƳ治һ
۳ҪǻƷǽյϢɸѡ
۳ҲٹעϢΪһ뿪Χȥ硣
ϯԨȦķʽȫð壬Ȥ
ȴΪԼ۳桯ݣһʼͱԼȤϢ⣬ò˵ҲǴߴϯԨŪһƳݵҪɡ
硣
ɵǲִƳ桢۳棬ֻҪǳ涼Խû۳Ͼһ̨ƽ̨ն۳˵һ㶼
ģɬĴƳ档
磬ʵһҪգĳһЩʽʱԹԻͲˡ
ϯԨʮָȤ⾺
һ̨գϯԨɽȥŸԶϡ
ǰһڣɹӲһƬɫĽڡ
պ͵ʹùıذƷһ涼ѹĿƼ⼼Ǳ浽ûа취ڵһʱֳ١
⵽ǵһεƽ̨¼صλڳѡĴš󡭡Ƿֱӽ롭
ϯԨѡ˼ȽҪãȻѡͬ⡣
һ룬ӽʧٴγʱͷܶĽֵϡ
ⲢƳڲʵʵĺǼ磬¼ĵطֱӱ䵽⴦
ȥĳ⣬иָһͲ˵塣
̯䶯ǰȴƫƫһԲ۾İɫֻ߳ŶԽеĻǶɾֱͲ·ֻġ
ЩõһνϯԨ۽磬Щȫİ
֡
˳ԱϰٸЩ⣬ܴһֶι״廨ţеĶ̼
ϯԨһͨɫװŴڼϣһܹס۾ֱӽӴ˵ڱΣرգֻܿһɵ
ͨһٶÿֻ֮һԱ룬еǸֲ
٣ϯԨвͻأϸֱѷֱĸ塣
ܹ˵Ļ϶ܺЩһƬŻкܶԽĵط
ϯԨһһţֻ֪Լ룬Ⲣ롣
УǱ㹻Ļܶ飬κʵġģﶼܹʵ֡
һǱҿƽ̨ĵΣİһֳ֪ʶϢĵκбҪ
ĴָľƱĳǰµǹ⡣
ãA7飬ȥΪʱʮСʱöûĺӡ
仰˵飬һǳԣһǼͨ
ϯԨͨҽ
õģͣĶϡ
ֻ󣬾鱾ûͣĶϷͨ
šͬˡ
ϯԨ;һ·һģͨҲһʼɬ𽥱һ·ϵĽûͣΪҪ齫·ĸԼ򵥽һ顣
ԼȥѼϿˡ
ھ齲ʱҰлصϡ
һСʱ
ϯԨ⾺
ͣ½͵Ļ˵гֱҲԺķһǱֱӴͣѡ֡
гҪá
һСʱ
Ͱɡʱ䲻ˣûҪʱ˷ڽͨϡ
õġ
شţſɵǰֻһȦ
һ׸ߵһ׿Բڳǰ⿴ȥеħϯԨЦ߽ȥ
ڣ⾺ϡ
޵Ŀ¿ȥһƬӿĽ⾺
߲Զ˶ġ⾺֣ͬʱ׾ͻִڣиȻһѡһ׹ȥ
A7⾺⵽ľΪ0뾺ֻܽͽ0~10
仰ϯԨǰľ˲Ұȥٷ֮ʮ
ҲΪڣѡ񾺼й
ϿصƣԴûиеȡ
0~10ʲôԿġ֪֪ˣϯԨȿˮƽ
a3СĹĻҰУһ׵ıڽоĳηǳ֪࣬չ˴κͱ𱬳̶
ûȥ׶սѡ˱ս
һڵĹ볡ƱϹѡˡǡǱұ۳ʮȻֱļӳһԹ۵·Ψһŵȥ
˾ڿŵλϣ볡оңԶ֪ʲôڿƼȥʱܽбķǳ
ĹɢųƮǰ
սʹñʵжսܹʵʵٷְͬ統У׶ս˼пٿػ׽жսҪɾٿػףǷܻܳ׸ѹ
еĹһһʵҲ˵ʵӳʵоܹӶ١
н˵С
ԸĹǣڳѡѾλ
ǵʵһԡƵķƿ˹Ա׶߷ǳѹʵװǰ롭һǷСóʵװʮǡ
һսӮǳ֪֧˭Ӯء
ӿʼ뽫ƱͶϲѡ֡
ϯԨֱߵһĻͶƱťעťѺע⸶
ǺϷĲˡ
ϯԨ˼ԶĲûȤѡҲû˽⡣
Աߵڴ˿̶ʼʱʱĻЩСۡ
ƿ˹Ϊĸǵƽ׵֮䡣ࡢܹߵͼóⲫ
ƽһߣ͵ƣͷμǿóֻļ
ӮϿ˫ƺƺԡ
0~10ɰװǱʾ10ǺǣĳΡ
ʼϯԨרעĿųеľơ
ⳡӮںֻ֪Լˮƽ⾺ŵʲô̶ȣۡݲ׬ǮĹҲܾ֡
⾺ȴһÿһѡֱѺעҲн
ܲһֱϯԨŹۣʲôӡ

ϯԨֱӵ˱
Ӿ֪ʵһԲдɴ಻д
ƥٶȺܿ죬ύϢһӾյƥ룬Էһ֣ȼһһǶûС
ϯԨͬⳡƥս

ڿԷʱǳ鴤һ£ԣ׼ȷ˵ӦǸˡ
ϡ٣ȴʵǿÿһλԱΪǵĵȫ޹ɿѭյҲҪϵѧϰ
ɫĽǸ˶ֵ壬ͺϽӲӲ
ѵһͳʦ
ǣעһޱȤıɰԱսƳ档
Ŷٳ֣
֮һİԸ߷ϢеƼƣҪСǵʵϽԼʯ¯ǵװ޼᲻ݡ
֮ͬһĳԳǿȵġ;ǵսŲҶ˵ڳĸλڵĶ˽⡭Žıһǳľʡ
ԱսԱȫ벻˭˭Ӯ
֮ıʱһһĵһĹڱȲһۿģҲ١
̼͹ıƴһͺȤǵԼҲո֡
ϯԨµԽԽ࣬һ̨ôͻȻôڣЩҪˡ
ã԰Ķȸ裬ҵĵһָ̡ϳɵǡôȻһƬѺС
ԷôòϯԨһ䡣
ˡ
ʼ
ֳΣ˫֣ĶȸϵĺϽװǸõȼĳʼװǵĻҲôˣֱ仹һЩ
ûоǴ豸е¼ġ
ϯԨײĴƳ棬ͳצûУܹõֻԼѧļɡ
ԡͼȥȸķҪþиܣһȸУһ䶨ˡ
ۼڽ£ԽпٵܣһԳɾԤУϯԨûнйô̼ս
˹ܿƼԶûзչ̶ֳȣϵȴװ˸ߵȼԶսԤзָսԼϳ
ϯԨ֪ԼҪһͼԵĶȸսôᱻԷеݶȻԼһ
Sľӵ£ǵ򿪷һսԽٶ졣
ͬʱԼȫӲһû⣬ֻҪԼͲӰ졣
ȸڲж˶켣Ȼʱܿ
Ϊոյİˣȸ财˺ܶݣΪƺܶݶֹʹãʵвûôǿ
еһƳ԰ԵĹ涨Ϊ˸ܹƽ
ϯԨûⲻûѡ룬ֻǲˡ
γصذףʺϽذײܹмӲƤܶԽϽƻ
ڽӽһ˲䣬γذ״һ
һǶԶȸؿȥģȴȥֻ˶ȸļֱۡ
㹻ˣҲûָһܵ֡
ҰУŶȸȻ½˰ٷ֮ʮղŵĹٵ˶ȸֱЯ
װĿܻλãڼ̶䣬ȸôԼؿڣȻǵطӵĶڡ
öȸԶûа취ʹãһһڲϯԨǵķ˿ֱһƷ˿
еսȻڼ
ھ뿪ոչȥӣϯԨͶȸ֮һ뾡ĽսһŬսʱ䡣
ϯԨһֱŶȸ裬ҪѰҿյ
һӺ󣬼϶֮䱻ץס˶ȸһ˲䣬̧źԥ϶ȸԴ
ȸ˫߳ϮҪ赲
ϯԨһУθƶ˶ȸ豳ذױһ˲ĲȸĺĿڴ
һսһѸԶ롣
ȸ衯ֵ½ٷ֮ʮʮʮУĿǰ½ٷ֮ʮ
仰ֻϯԨսϵͳʾ
˺ͻƣȥľɥʧսȥϵͳܹɱһΡ
ȸͣˣͷűͱ𻵵Ķģ۾ɫĹâ
СӮñ½Уٷ֮塭Ϊٷ֮ʮϣ塣
ϯԨվĶȸ裬ò׼Էʲô
ǵİѡѡˣǣⳡڲŽķʮ롣
˵ŵǿݽзǵǿͬԷʱǻֱڷݵĽ
һսӮѾˡ
ǾԳĴƳ桮ˡǰϲӮñ
0ֵ0
һʾϯԨߵʱվڳеĶȸ軯һâֱʧֻʣһˡ


ϯԨ߳Ӯ˱ֱߡ
ⳡĽЩԶԣ˵ԼӮ˰Ķȸ裬˵ǶȸжϳӮ漸ʺСֱӷʤ͸Լ
˵Ľ˵ƺǰ徭ɵ£һ㾪ȶûС
뿪ɻعԢھԢ¥µʱ򿴵ѭһŵװӼ߰ߵĴƳ汻ɱƬԢڵ
ϯԨĿбӵ·Ҫ°ť洫һȵȡ
ֹźϡ
лл߽ĺڷƳ΢΢ͷ
ϯԨ
ԷоЩϤļأ˼ţȻ
ļԷˣںǳϡ
ֻѲ飬Լ˳־˵ĴƳ档


67 

ϯԨЩ, û뵽ʱ£Ȼּˡ
ʱԼԡϯԨݻ뱻ǴӦ, ȥ˺, ˳ְһֻڷƳ档
źۼĴߵĺڷƳ棬±ԷϳȲ˵ǡۡ, Լı, ߣ˵ΪơϯԨеӡ
ñֻƳ, ԷҲϲԼ
ֻϯԨЩ̫ɺ, ׶ô, ôƫƫˡ
ڷƳòеƫ, ԼһЩ, ɫվԼԶλá
ڵİֻԼղŰȥ¥, Էûж, Ҳ˵Լȥͬһ㡣
ͬһ, ͬһ׷, ԷҲסô˵ֻ̽ѡ
ϯԨ˼
ܹģ뵽ںϷ, ֱֻƳ治򵥡
ˡ
ݵˡ
ϯԨһȶԷ뿪ݣ˳ȥ
ԼסĹԢȥ, ۽⿴ڷƳͣһ׹Ԣſ, ̧н˼š
ϯԨŽ빫Ԣʱ, ҲгڷƳ濪š
ڿǿŵĴƳʱ, ¶һ٣ޱȻ̤ڣֽŹϡ
ϣֻӦóƺΪ
ϺֻڷƳʶԣ֮ɫֻʶô򵥡
ϯԨߵɳԱ˼š
еϺֻڷƳʶֻڷƳΪ˺ϵĴƳūҲƷֹһ
鲻ֻڷƳԼģô˵һа֣Ͼ֮ͬһ뵽Լһμʱ龰
ǸʱϺܸȤЩ׷ζ棬϶۳ȴǲٴɫϯԨܿԷ򽻵ʱ򣬷ǳķܡ
ɺأϲӦ룬ѣ̬ܵĺѰûʲôͬ
⾿ϲֻΪ˿Խӽ
ϯԨƫںߣֻϵ̬ȱ仯̫ˡ
ߵһţƺǺڷƳȵĶ֮һֻǿϧûоȳɡ˵һűߣͬôһҪһš
һŵ֮ĹϵôһӽҲûܡ
Ʋܺһ⣬Ͻӽ棬Լȴûһϣ϶ûп档
һԼ֪顣
֪ôõİ취ȥ档
ϯԨǶûпǡ
ֻֻǱõĹ߳棬ʱǿĶϵҲû⵽ϵĲԡ
Ҫ˵ѾˣҪôĿѾﵽˣûбҪٺίߣҪôﲻϣϾûþͰˡ
ϯԨ²ǶʧˣΪû˵һŵ¡
ԼҪҪطסͻȻðһ뷨λòǲиʱܻըĴ鷳һըԼϡ
֪ԼڵݾϸõģҪԼǼֱҪ򵥡
ǻطϯԨԼոսһЩ鴤
ǶǮǰ۸ǰһʲƲԼҲô˷ѡǮӦûڸûĵطǻӻ˷ϡ
ˣԼҵĳʲôԼûϵ
´û¾ͲˣϯԨ⣬޶ȼٺĸʡ

ͶӳԼõæ߹ȥţȷǶӳæ
ڶӳŹ
ӳʱǸˣղſŵʱ򣬿бǸڿŵĺڷƳ档
ûʲôɡ
ڻڱͨȻʱαװһһ
ûС
˿˵Ǿͺá
Ͷӳһߣ򻹴۾Ͻȥİļ
ھ˷ʱˣӳˡ
ʮ󣬰ժ۾
ڿϣά˵ӳþò
ϣάںദʱõһֱάݣʵݲ㱩¶Ͼڵ۹ĵλͣһ־ͻʮּ֡
һξư¼ΪάԼ᧿Σ˵ʲôҲ֪ά=ϣά
ӳˮĪ״ӳ߳
ϣάӹˮĿĪϴţɫ㲻΢΢µǡ
Īףƻָô
кҽҩѾõĲˡĪ˵ڶɳ
ΪԭԴϴֹһֱû棬ϣάҲʧ١ǻ˵ģһֱ׻ע⡣
Īͺˡ˵ţĵʣǶӳ㣬ϴƼأڻô
ָһЩϴµ˻ˡ
̫ˣҺĪһֱܵġ
ûôô򷢣֪ӳƵģô˵þͺá
Ȼ֪ӳʵݣҲܲ³Ӧòʲôͨĳ桪ĺôεĻͲôˡ
رǶӳ֮ǰĺ˻ˣϼˣôܺõô졣
ӳĺˣ
ҪǵȺҽˣһ°ɡ
ϣάҪģһ仰üͷ΢˵ҽ
Ϊ֪Ҳû˵԰ʱҽҲҪˣкҽͲˡ
ʲôûʦ
֧Ԯ
ӳ㲻֪ôҽ˵ɺû취뿪ӦǵġĪײ졣
ϣάüӦĳͰźˣڣҵô
ҽΪ˽ӦĿǳԼģһϴҩ˺ҽĺġ
뵽ϣά˵֪ʲôʱִô
ûαװݡ
Уҽ˵Ƹҽǡ֪ҽԶӳܺã˵ǳһչˣûʲô⡣
ڵִʱ䣬˵ǵȵԺϵǡ
ϣάĬˣԼ֮ϢʱҽǲԼִ֪ʱ䡣
ӳģҽ˺ǣһúҽ¶ġĪΪǵһ㡣
ϣҽҪ
ҽİԵһҽ˾ͻᷢԼûаʦ˵˵ҽԼϯԨᱻʦ֪
ϣά˼ңϲֳܱ
ˣǵһʱ֪ͨҡ
ʵҪҽǳԼģôĵһʱͻԼ
ǲͬҽа취ҵԼ
û⡣һڴӦ
ϣάûԼװİԭ
˵˵ǵĽ
ıɫ˵ʱĵ飬Ͽص㡣
Ͷһ׶ܱߵͼмλñȦȦ𣬿Կó⼸ȦλôһƬڡ
Ү˹帲кҮ˹йصĶ٣в⼸ط
ϣάɫȻţ˵
ֻģ˭ܿ˿˵Ү˹йϵǶǼǰľˡ
ǻ޽ׯ԰걻͸Ү˹峤Ү˹լǱȥûʲôˡ
һ׺Ĺ
صһһ˵Щ鱨ϢǺ˽⵽ġ
Ү˹ǰйҮ˹ϢϡҮ˹帲𣬹Ү˹ϵϢɾ
ִйٸ¸ǵ鱨һҮ˹ı
Īײ׼ȷ˵ǵ͸ĳҲǵһҮ˹峤Ķ֮
ͳǳۺͳʣǰ۳汻ףĴƾǳ󡭡ȥйЩʷС
ڳϲĺڸ£Ѿûжٳ֪Щˡ
Ү˹ʷ׷ݵǰʱ䣬ڵʲôĳ󡭡Ҫ˵ˣҮ˹屾Ҳ
ֻԡҮ˹ıƣ˳ܶණܱԡƺǳ֮ࡣ
Ү˹廹ûлǰҲҪ˵Ү˹嶼ˣѪжˡҪҳҮ˹ıǴ롣
ϣάһֱڵͼϵļȦϣЩطǺ͹ȥҮ˹йصġϵ
͹ܶණĳ󣬵岻ͬҲֵֻñҮ˹ġӳǵϢ鵽ˡ
Ī˵ſ
ʱڣϣҽӽѡ
ϣάعĻ˵
ǵ϶ǡЦ⡣
һκԼ۹ͨ£ܵñһ¡

ϯԨڷһʱ䣬뿪
뿪ʱûʲô棬˿ղźϴӦöֻɺϡ
ϯԨҵʱſ˸ձͻϯġ
ʦ䣬ȻǣϯĵߣϯߴߴĲͣ˵ѧУ¡
ڻЬӵʱϯĿſڴƸЬӣȵЬˡ
ƸЬӣƸ𣿡
ϯԨﴫ΢һС̵Դڳ
ϯһߺšƸһܣ״ҡͷЬ˽ȥ
ϵʱϯ˵һϯûüӰѣֱӾʹӦˡ
ǣϯϰھ棬ѹե¿쵥̴Ƴˣ
ϯԨߵ⣬ͼϯͷ˵
ϯ򿴵֪˵ʲô
ˡ
šһ۳̡
Ƹ˵ʦвҵ
ϯ֣ͷٺЦһ¡
ˣƸ̫ˡ
ǴƸȥҵ
ϯ뿪ȥ˿ϯԨϳ˷鷿ңмҪ˵
ѯʶǸ֪һֻ֪ͨ
ûнԭΪ֪Լ˵ϯҲܾԼ
ϯϯԨһĬĬͷ˵á
һȥġ
ԼССҪпϯԨٻǰתϯԨʲôúµġ
ҹ
ҹɫܲһѩ
ϯԨ鷿﷭飬ѵϯϻ磬ϯȥϯ
Ҳ֪ȥá
ʱȻ˵һ䡰
űƼϯ߽վǰ
ɡ
飬͸¶Щִٲϯָָӡ
һָһϯԨºϯǰ¡
ϯ򣬳˼û˵
ϯ򱻿Щ죬ʼԼʱû£ûеϯԨ
ϢĳĬϯ̲סʳң˵ʲô
ôסϯԨüûмӡ
һ£ҹҪȥΪµѧϰûа취չϯġ
Լ취⡣
ϯ֪۳Ҫȥѧ飬ֻûϯԨϵһô˵Ȼ
һչ˺ССġ
ϯĻϯԨÿɷ񣬾ϯչϯģֺǰһС̶ڼ
ҪƸ飬Ĺ̫ˡ
ϯԨ˵ݹʱ
ڹССϯЩ㵣еɻûн
ϯԨȻܿϯɫԣûнͣ˵ǷҵǱңż
ƴ׬ǮǱԼƵãȻǾٸϯһЩѹϯԼԼƵ̫
ϯ򳹵ײ֪˵ʲôˣʱԼϯԨĸı䣬ֱϯԨȴϯЩز
ȻϯҲ֪֮
ϯԨı仯ûйϵԼ˵ĻٷְΪСС
ϯҲԼĳ̣ɻĹûôߣһֱϯԨϯԨֱعȥӡ
Ĺ벻ߡϯί˵
ϯɫƽĿȴǿ͸ϯ롣
ȻȥǻԿƼ˾еűһһǱҡɽЧöٿԼ
ϯԨЩ콫̳еŲһˣǰ۸м˾
⼸˾Ȼ׬ûУҲ㲻Ͽ
иƼ˾ϯרҵԿڣϯȥϰã嵹ϯСڼûչˡ
ϯ𾪣һȻԼǲˡ
Щ˾ϯԨһãŸȥ⡭ô֪ϯרҵ;ǣ뿴Ļϯе϶͸ġ
ҡϯаٸн
ܾüͷ΢塣
ϯйǣɴϯԨԼֻһѡ񣬶Ǹѡ񲢲Ǿܾ
ûУһȥģֻܲ죬ұҪȴݹ
˵ţ㡣
ϯȴûôɣΪ֪ʲôЩĵ
ϯں¡
ϯʶûС
ûԼϯԨЦһ˵ôûб˼ҲΪ˲㡣
ȥﶼȥˣҺ֮Щ£Բõġ
۳Ҳɳһֱ޴ıƭ
仰ָϯЩãȻƭ˵ʲô˼
ϯԨϯԼƽȥûн͵뷨ǹôġ
ڶ£ϯĻ䡣
ԣϯ۾
ɵϯԨ治ɫ˵ס¥棬ϣά˻ΪŰǣҲϣϣάʲôġ
ô
˵꣬ϵ飬Ҳϯ
ˣ˵Ķ˵ˣˡ
ȥʱŸҴϡ
䣿ϣάнйϵʱ䵽׷ʲôĸıô
ϯԨϯĿһȷٿں뿪
ϯ뿪鷿ŲеƮȻϯԨ⻰ɵӰ첻һʱġ


68 
ѧա
ϯԨѵһ, ˳۳¡
Уͣ
򿪳ţ³վһԣϣάȥ䡣
Χ, кܶġѧ, 󲿷ֶ۳߸һֻƳ棬Ŀǰû۳档
Ƴ渺һͶ۳渺վԱ߱صȴ, ʱʱҪߴټ
ϯԨƤ, ֲԤУҲ֪ѧУЩʲô߰Ŀγ̡
䶼ϣά, Լֿտ, ϯԨܲӦ
ɼΧô۳涼˦ƹ, ϯԨڸ첲ϵֵ˵, ջû֡
߰ɡ
еʱȷʵҪס
ѧҪȥǩ
ǩڿĽҲҪϯԨЩ۳ȥŶӱ, Ƴȫܰ쵽
ϯԨѧԺʦźЩ۳һ, ˮһӦȫ, Ȼǽ۳潿Ըķǳ׼ȷ
ϣάߺ, ȥһŶӡ
ϯԨŷ
ֳ, Լ˷Ҳû¿ܲܺ۳һȥ˵Ƿǰɣ
ͻȻһֻļ, ˵Ҳ̧סһšȻһϤ
˻ϯԨˡ
ϯԨһй, Ҳܼ, ȻһԼǰ첲šѾʲɡ
ɿ, ˵ôˡ
ôͲ, ұ㻹¡ܼ˦˦첲һϲԣȴķӦٶȡ
ֹˣҲڡ
ܼ߳˵ͷǴк
һͿµ⣬кõôôܼԱߵɳϣӸԼһˮ
ϯԨûƳ棬˫ȽڵʣǲֻԼɣ
ܼ϶ǣѾ˻۳棬ôҲôƾǡ
⻰ܼŤһ˲һ˵Ҳ֪ܡ
ϯԨ档
Ĭһ˵ǡ
оȤ˴Ƴ˭ܲǸ·ɣ
ϯԨ뵽Цһ£⵱Ȼǲܵģ·ݲ޷ֵĸ档
ܼЦ°֪ͣ˭ô
˵롣
ֻܼӣ֪˿ڵԼȥϯԨûԵ嶼
ȤܼƲ졣
ϯԨԽԽû˼ˣǰ㣬϶Ҫ׷ʡ
⻰ûʲôɫ˵ǰҲûдƾǣ˭á
ôܵϣ
һʱ䣬ϯԨûܼȺԼǳȥ棬ǰͷȥȤĵطԼƯȤĴƳЩȤ¡
ıӽû仯Ȼһεѧ˲Сš
ǵ۹ǿҪģֻ۳ѧҪ֪󲿷ֵ۳ѧϰûȤ
ϯԨ˽⣬ӦòǶѧϰûȤֻǵĶ۳ѧݲð
ܼɫˣҪǻֻǵĵطʱѾϯԨˡ
ƫƫΧô۳棬ʶǵģҪǳ̫ˡ
ݡ
üá
ģܼͱϯԨˣǰ漸εĽѵô
ң
˭Ҳֻ˵ࡣ
ܼһ飬粻˵أԼˡ
ϯԨһ棬˵һ
šһ㶼ûܲ³
ܼȤʣô֪
۾
˵ţ΢̧°ͿŶӵĴƳ飬һֻɫƳڶĩβ
ҼҲ
ϯԨϼһţȻӡ
ȻǰֻƳ濴ϵ𣬵ϻƵġ
ĺܺãһΪᡭ
ܼΪĻˮǺĻ˵ʲôܶʲô
ôżû˵㡣ϯԨЦһ˵֪ĻΪʲôϵء
ܼһҭ˵˵ֻǴūʲôûС
ū棬ѹЩ·֪֪
֪治ɫ
ܺãĳǹģϯԨȻ
·߹ĴƳ棬Ҫѡʲô۳ûУ˴ū̵۳Ȼڿ֮С
ǹϵʲôʱôˡ
ܼʼϯԨǲ֪ԼļƻȻôռһӣǲܵģ
ϯԨһ㡣
ʱһŶӵ¿վǰϣάùԷһϢ
ϣάͷһ۹ԺƫƫͷͿվڶ¡
Լվһ˫ɫĴƳ棬ϣάпһ£ô
һ룬Ҳˣֻġ
ȻϣάϯԨλõϣͿϯԨϵܼ档
ǩٶȺܿ죬ת۾͵ϣά
ϣάǩ֣뿪ߣߵǰ
Ȼġ
áµͷ
ϣάĿǲϣɫȼǰ࣬˵ĵǼٻֻˣô
ȹȥ˵ţϣάת뿪
һ֪Լݣڵǲõع⣬ֻǰûҲˣڼҪ취֪Ľ
ϣάһ߳һϯԨķߣֱϯԨŻع
ˡ
šϣάӦһܼ档
ܼ¡£հ
ܼͿˡ
ϯԨĹϵǴкô裬˵Ķ԰ɣ档
΢΢ͷ˵û
ֱӳƺǵ־ͺãûô
ϣά
ϯԨ˵ǵİɡ
ֵȻһºҲˡ
ϣάλǣ
ǰĴūӦѧУġܼ˸Ƿ˵Ľ̫أܲİƳ濿
֪ûУ϶û˯ãˡܼ仰ʵ¡
µֽ˽ջƽ˵֪ˡ
ܼǣ˵УҾȻȥ
ʲô˵ɡ
ѧУǩ⣬û£Ϥһ»
Ҳ߰ɡվ
ϯԨһ𡣡

۳̣ס൱ףƽǳõĶƽס۳˽һؾԲ
ϯԨһȦɨһۻеĶһӦȫȫס
ܹ䣬һ䣬鷿
ڶңĿǳˮ˵˯涼ӵ
䡭
ϯԨŷĳĬˣӦҲǷɣһǰֱⷿĲ񻰡
Ļࡣ
ŹϣֵֹͬĵߺװһϣֻǰŵСȤʲôǿִеѧϰݡ
ԳĵУϯԨԴûжٵ
Ԩ
ϣάôˡ
ƺϯԨϣάĵģյĽУʵǹ衣
ȥһôϣάվԱߣЩ֪롣
Ȼԡˬ˵ֻǣôн
ȵȣϯԨ˵⣬͵ֻⷿһ䡣
ֻһ䣬ǲ˵ԼҪϣά˯һ𡭡ϣά϶Ҳ뵽һ㣬ԲŻɿڡ
˵ʲôͼϣάѾȥ
ˣⲻֲûԹ
ϣά⣬Լʲô
׷ȥ˵Ұһ𡣡

˵æϯԨȴǿǽϣϣάһ·ʰá
˵Щĸĸо
뵽Щ̲סЦ
ϣάЦɻĿЦʲô
뵽һȤ¡˵
ʲôϣάͣ¶
Ժٸ㡣ĸʣϯԨЩ֪ô˵
áϣάʰԥ˺һջǿʵǰôû
Ĵūô
ūʺһ𣬻йأһû˵˵һЩ˺ʵ飬ôᳶūϡ
û뵽ϣά££ܸȤô
Щ棬˵ˡϣάûٸʵףϯԨ롣
Ҳʲô˵ġ
ϯԨ˵Ҳǽ˵ģ֮ǰһţµū
˵Ļ˵ĴūҲû
ūʹƳū⣬Ҳһ˼
Ҫūʲôϣά֪ʡ
İúرϲôƳʵ飬Ҳ̫
ⷽ£ܼӦñȽ˽⡣
ʵƷˣΪʲô
ϣάЩĹˣϯԨ˼ţղҲܼĻˣн񱣬ԭ
Ļһ̻ѧУ䣬˵ܡ
ϯԨΪʱϣά˵һ䡣
Ҳȥ
ţ
ϣά΢΢һЦ˵ᣬ˵ĳϣûС
Һ治һЩȤ
ԼǰȷЩȤҲ˵ǻѻǰֵġЩ飬ϣά֪
ڽʲô
ô
ϣά˵㿴ܽš
ϯԨĵԼݼӦû˲ô죬ֱϣάЦǴ֪ϣάǹġ
߹ȥûĵһϣάĶͷ
ˣҺܺ档
Ӹܵϣϣά֪ϯԨû
ϣάһЦ˵ֻ㿪Цû뵽ô⡣
ֻǸ˴ŵЦʵ˭ûзϡ
ϣάԼǰϯԨЩʲôϯԨϣάԼǰſģּɣ˫ƽȵģϯԨ۳桮ϯԨ
ȻʰˣȥԸ
ϣάͷ·˵һô
ӴǸýڣϯԨӦɡ
ϯԨ֪ϣάΪʲôͻȻ棬˺δ£һǳݡ
ܼģĻȻʡ
***
ǣD8Ǽ̫ո۸ۿڡ
̫ոܹǼʺеӴ󽢴ڸۿвϵĽɣ˿뿪ǽͨۿӴ̫յݽڲ
һ״ӡ۾Ƴ棬һɫƤ̫յ߳һᾫӢģ
ͷԷһϢĴѰԼӻĳ档
̫յݵĳ⣬ǽӻʱ˿ӵȴš
ҽдƳӳȥ
ˡҽã˹ҽԺĪԺԺģҵƬ
˽ӹƬ¶һ崺Цݡ
ã鷳ӣǲ˼
ˡƳòЦš
λպҽʹв𲻴
ǵĳȺ
ˣûдôҪٵȵȡ
ãû
һһ˵ܿ뿪Ǹۡ
ϳ˹ҽԺʻȥ
˿⣬Ķ̬Կľɫ
Ƿ
ǣǼʹҲǰ档Ϸ羰áĵطкܶ࣬пգҿԴߡ
᲻̫鷳ˡ
ôأĪԺĹ͡
Ǿллˡ
òá
˺Ƴ潻̸ţ˴˼Ĺϵȷʱʺ
˵ĪԺƢԸôҲ֪ҸЩطҪע⡭Цһǵһμ۳浣Ժġ
ģԺȻ۳棬Ƣܺá
ҲҪȥֺԺֻҪñְԺͻܸˡ
Ǳ̨ûñʹְλĪԺͻúֲܿ
üζ˵ǿ̫ˣƢõ۳¹ݹĸ
ΪƳԺĻ¶Цݡ
˵û
һߡ
Ԣ
ڴϷ⧲յһϢٿǡҽҲ˲ȥϷɫ
ҽҷϢ˵ˡ
Īףأӳ˵ʺҽס
ҡͷ˵ûˣҽûظǰҷȥϢ
ֻ˵ȵţǵġ
ǶӳǱô˵
ֻȸ߶ӳ˵ҽˡ
ժ۾ҽˣ˷ܵ˵ǵ֧ԮˣҪ
ǾͿԴһһѵˡ
ɣڸ֪ӦôȥĶãﳤ⡣
⻹򵥣뿨ܽˡ
һģǿȥڳԺڡһƣ˵ʱЮָ۳桭
Īף˵һ°ȥ侲侲
ҡĪ׵ͷסק
ίǣ˵ʲôˡ
ֻʣţҲû˴Ϸ뷨򿪰ʼ뿨
Щ뿨ǰ򷢵ģĿòˣİסڲҪһſҪš
еޣڻҪš
ԣӦţǱҲ֪ûУûеĻԼ߻Ҫһš
ôţȴǶʮ㡣ǵݣò뿨취ȥ׵ġ
Ǻͺͷϴֹһκᣬβٱˡ

緹󣬾㷹
濴˿ϯԨôͻȻԼԼһ緹ϯԨʱǴӦˡ
ԸҲûʲôʧ
Ź֣ΪʲôֻһٷĹϣάôˡ
ǰʶ
ʵĺܺãϯԨҲ֪ȻʶĻػ
Ҳһʣ㲻Щô仰˵˵ģϣά
仰ĬһϣάȴǶ˵ġ
еʱ治֪ôġϯԨ仰Ĳʲôһ˵
治֪ΪϯԨı̫ˣ֪ЩĶֲ塣
ϯԨ⻰˼ڣƫƫûټ˵ȥ
˵һһ룬˼ô
лҪ˵
ˣȻͳʱˡ
¹̶ʱ䣬ֻҪû˵£е(V)



69 
ϯԨڴյʱ, ϣά죬̸
ǳԷҪ˸İᣬǲ˵
ߵǰ, һ, ƺЩ뵥˵
ϯԨ߹ȥ
ҪԼ˵ʲôΪʲôҪϣά˼š
˽ϣάô濪˿, ֻ
, 뿴滹˵ʲô
Цһ£˵ô, ƻǵĸƵá
Ȼֻһ, ӦûǵáҮ˹ɡ
Ү˹
ϯԨܿ콫ʴӼ, ھưɰ˵, ʱϣάʵʱЩ仯
ϣάʲôϵҲ
ʱദϯԨ˼ֲӡ, ҲԸϯԨԭ
˸ȥǸƢ겻Ȱ, 涼ÿڡ
ôûйϵ, Ү˹Ѫ, 
ֻΪһ㣿
Ȼǡ˵Ҳܸ, ϣάҮ˹һϵ
ϯԨףʾԼ
Ȼء
Ү˹֧˵仰ʱǳˬ, ˼˵ҵĲ²ǶԵģô֮Ĺϵûôļ򵥡
Ү˹壬ϯԨֻܹ, Ǵ˵ġ
ʣҮ˹, ʲô⡣
Ⲣ, Ү˹嶼𼸰, ۹ҶѾȥĻѲ鵽Ĺȥ
Ү˹尡Լ鵽Щϣ̾һ
ǸԺϯļ壬λ߽ڻ֮£İٶǰѾˡ
İٶԳԲ㳤Ү˹ûȴǴİǰʼǸʱ򡭡ʹԳȴõҲԻ
ع˵ʵҲǲ²⡣
ϣάòҪ͡Ү˹ϹϵϣάҮ˹ĴƳ̫һ׻Σա
ϣܰұܡ
û뵽ôԼ¶˵ԼԼܡ
Ͳ˵ȥ
ЦŴֿۣں˵ϣάҪĶϣάмֺøУͲ˵ȥ
˵ֻʧһûʲôôʵƷɶ˵ɾʧδƾ
ϯԨΪʲôҪҡ
˵˵ˡ湴̬ɡ
û˵ĻȻǡ
ϯԨУ̴ĺܾ˵ЩԼԲֹ˵Ȼиεԭֻǲ֪ⱳ󾿾Ϊʲô
ʶôˣҶ֪ʵʲôݡ
棬㾿оʲôϯԨ󷽷ʵ
ںʱһ̸ֱǰĹȥϾһС˵ҲǼ鷳¡
ɾôʱദǵһЩ飬ϯԨ˽⡣
ʵ飬ÿһ
ǼУֻܼ֪ʵݣǰֻ֪ôʵĴڣȴ֪оʲô
棺һΪ㲻ʣڸȤô
ҵʵȤ
ϯԨ˵ûУһ뵽ʵǣϣά֮Щϵ
ôһ룬ı뷨
Щ
ǲ淢롣
ȥϯԨʹԼʲôŹʵ飬ҪûĴƳʵƷζԼܾˡ
ôڹ۲ϯԨܼϯԨǰͬˣں۳涼һǼһ𣬶ϯԨı仯֪ࡣ
ǣ˼ܼÿԿǰϯԨ
ȻҪһЩˣûϯԨ¶Լܼ¡
ϯԨû̴Ӧ꾭飬⻰ſӡ
ΪղŵѯѾǰֻ̤ȥˣٴӦ룬Ǿûзڵˡ
Ҫǡ
û̴Ӧ㣬ûЩ⣬̫嶯Ͳ˼ļһҲǸԼ鷳
û⣬һЩá

ͱ澯ˣ粻ҪƳҪ۳ȵȣӲ¶Լݡ
Ϊ˰ΪʵƷֱӸ˸ūݣ̺ʹƾ鷳ūͼˣݱʶ
ūûȨѡģҪǲС۳汻ѵҲֻţūڣ۳ԴΪžҪԼ̫Զ
ϾԼʵƷٻмĵģҪŪҲһôġ
ϣάʣԨ˵£㻹ô
ǰ̵棬ܸܵϣάԼ⣬ּ沢ûֹԼͶԷӴ֪ϣάĹϵܲ
һʼĺúܶࡣó˵ѻ
ʵ˵Ҳҡ
Լʱܵ˺أĻԼҲ
ϣά⻰ԣǼ״̬ȷԼʱ࣬Ҳ֪˵ѡ
ǲеҡϣά鸴ӡ
ϣάЩǸΣ˵Ҫǲ⣬ʱңҿԴ㵽ߡ
졣
ģһ취ġһֱߣϣάǺ뻢ڲ
ϯԨ̸꣬߻ͼ
ʱˣûȥˡϯԨ
濴һҲ˵
˼վ˳ߵվ
ѧУ
ĽŶʮ۳ʹƳ棬ϯԨϣά˸кŵλ
ܼ档
ĳʱǰûãѧֱӾͱһ༶˵иӦ˵۳涼ǡ
ʮ۳ϯԨŰ۳棬ҲƽԸƢ΢һЩ۳棬
ܼ˸ǷɫĿϣûаͥµĲ˼
һȥԷôһȥ
Լ˵ǻʲôϯԨ˹ĵ
Ȥڣ㲻ԷҲ㡣
ʱʦҶ졣
ϯԨмϣάýһĸλһֻܼǺ档
λúܼܶ࣬ӵĶܼˣһǰ;Ͷ³Ǹôô˵
SƳ棬ڳƳ涼ûֻһ㹻ѹˡ
ȻϯԨġ٩ܼǾԲϵġ
ʦˡ
֪˭˵һ䣬۳ʹƳĿⶼ˽ŵ۳ϡ
װһ̱޵۳ֻ߽ܿ۳治ᣬԼϯĵࡣ
۳󻹸һֻޱĴƳ棬ǿɵİɫϻŽ߶ʱײţᷢ
״ϯԨʶüͷһšƬ̺ɿ
ǳ壬ǵ
ĬΣŰסѶԷȥĳ嶯
ϣάע⵽鲻Ծһ½ǣЩ޵ĹĿ
û¡ϯԨ˵
ֳֽ̱޵۳ý̱ڽ̨£ǰĽԼϣЦ
λͬѧãڽȥ½̵һϸϣѧϰΪôƳ׷۳档
ǿԳƺΪʦ
۶ģϯԨα뵽
ߵһȤȱȱģܼ˸ۣȫûѽ̨ϵ۳
ܼıڳ󲿷۳ӰǲŸճ겻ãϸϢ㹻Ĵָ̼Щ۳ıʦ
Ҳе۳⻰ܸȤ֪ȥЩʲô
ǵһÿΣʦ̫ѵݡԳƺʦ۳һ˵ţһ߽̱ĴƳ汳ϡ
۴Ƴ泯ڰ壬ϯԨЩѧ
֪Ƴʲôһô
ʦҲȻش𣬽ȥ˵Ǹܼ򵥵⣬ŴҶܹشĳ
ƳĲͬӵгͳצʦḺ̌ޣƫеڴƳ汳ϼιǵλá
λãǴƳڵλãǶԷǳС
ÿƳĳһзǳǿɱһǲǰſġ
ʦЦŽڵ۳棬˵ͬѧƳĳôԾʦһ
û۳֡
ڳ۳涼ճ꣬ûƳ棬һѧϰȫǱѼϼ˳Լδ̡ƾμӵġ
۳ϲӲûȤĴƳ棬˭û»Ƴĳǻ۳ԼСиᣬӶᷳƳ߱øӱŰ
ȻûһλͬѧƳĳôҪʦǿһƳĳʲôӡ
ֻû£ʦý̱Ƴιǵλóһ¡
һ̣һǳɫĳưۣڿвȻ󻺻ſ
һʱ䣬۳Ŀⶼ˽̨ϵĴƳϡʵеһοƳĳеĲһȻЩƯ
Ƴĳôÿô
аɣҿƵ
ҲѿİɣЩι״ġ
۳濪ʼ˽
ǳɫĳᱡ͸ɢ͵ӫ⣬ȷʵڵһʱץס۳ע
ĳȥսոһƷ
ڳƳıûô۳ôÿˣʹܵĽֺ۳棬ô۳ǰǿҪչʾҲЩڵĲֻƳ档
ϯԨԴƳĳ̫˽⣬ÿæ֪ʶʵԼЩ֪ʶԲƳĳǳչʾսʲôӡ
ġ˵һ䣬ֻһ۾ûȤٿȥ
ƯġȻĳŤĳʹƯҲȤ
ܼüһ˵λʦͦ氡ֶβ˵㡣
۳涼ǰ漸ţϯԨΧ⵹Ŷ۳棬ܼ˵±͵
бܼһۣʲô߼
߼ûУܿʲôܼʼ硣
ϯԨָϣάֱϣ밲ϣά̫Ծ
ȷԼղһ˲ܵɱϣά
ʵλ˼ϣάϯԨϣάðɱΪ⣬ԼǰŰͬЦһԼͶԷϻȪ·
̨ϵ۳滹ԼĴƳβܹôƳĸԸ¶ôƳʧȥ˳
ϯԨһÿΣܼ˯һÿΣ涼ĿҲ֪˯û˯š
ܼӦǲȤͺϤôƳʵ飬Գû˵ʶֹһˡ
ĿκҵʵʦڵݣϿʦʸλͬѧĸܡɹǵöೢԼΣʦѰ
һÿڽˡ
ܼ¿˲۾һ塣
϶£ԽԽ˯ôʱ䣬ϲ˯ˡ
ܼСв۳⻰̲סŤͷ뿴˭ôšʦŸߣڱ󸹷ʦ˵
ʲôʲôÿģٿǡܼһһӹȥ
۳һ飬мۣͱ֪ܼϸĸסˡ
ˣ¿ξô
Ҳˣɫ˯ĺۼһܼ˵ȷǲ˯ˣղǸ϶˵Ļûκҵ
ҵʲôҵֲǲ֪Ҵдҵġ
ܼƳһ£˵ûȤô
ߣ˯Ҷˡ
Ե㶫ȥ
ͷͬˣ˵º˵
Ҫߣ¸ȥͱܼһͨ
ܼüͷ˵ʲôû±
˵طȥߡ
ǡ
̵ܽĲĻܼˣ˵ŻԶˡ
ϯԨ˿ϣάҲȥ
Ȼϵǣϣάܾ
ºЩϵһġ
ϯԨô죬Ȼͬˡ
***
ڡ
ϯԨ򿪹Կһйǹеװ֪ʶûþյϯͨѶ
㿪
ĻȳֵģϯԲԲЦ
˾˾˾ˣϺð
ѧˣһЩ
ϯЦģΪƸ˾㿴
ͷһתתڿϯ
ϯԭĹ˵ȥǻԿƼȻϯ򻻸ǶԵģȥϯʱϯġ
ϴκϯĹϯԨϯĵϯ溰˾ˡ
С˿ĵĲˣôʱϯһȫ֪ǹϵʲôʱôõġ
˾ˣʲôʱؼҰССϯɤ
ʧЦֻһûˡ
ţ˾ˣ
˾㲻Ǻϣάһϣάأ
ȥˣȻ
ϯʧ䣺ϣάк
´λлġ
֮ϯֲ˺һĺҶϵ绰
ѾͨĹԣϯԨЦ
ϯĸԼʱ̫ãԼ̫׽˲ŻԼ´ҸС̽ĺ˽ˡֻǸҸʲôء
ϯԨ˼ţӿڴȡ۾ڱϡ
⸱۾м죬ֻһֱûϣϣάõȥ
뾫
һΪ֤Ȼ˺Ű󶨡
ϯԨûԼģǰϷģ˺ţΪ˱αװǰľ롣
֤ɹӭûү磬򡭡
ϯԨĿûЩʢһЩָĲˡ
idֻҪԼƤΣεľǱˡ
ƽ̨
ϯԨ̧һӣǰЩϷȫɨѡA7
A7ǳӦڣۡ˺һεҲֻҪͲб仯
ȿһϵͳϵݣʹƳԲһƳܲľ۳


70 
ϯԨǴĿĵ, ۡʺһЩ۳˵£۳£ǽʡ
ÿһ¶áϯԨʧ, ̫౩¶ĸʾԽ
, ϯԨԼеϢó״̬۳ȨȫôҲΪ˱۳档
ǰԼõð߷ȥϢ֮ǰѾϹͨ, ֻǽ, Ȼϸ̸һ̸ϯԨȥ¡
һϢܿĻظŵĻһ롣
һǳӴԪ, г˽, ԪлԼ彨С硣
ǱҲԿͨһʱ, ϵð߷ľһʱⷿ䡣
ϯԨܿ, ͵һ룬ֵĽֵϽһķ䡣
˵ǷҲ, һռƽĶ¥, Сˡվڻ԰
ڿ, Է߳к
ֻڿidʱǳ˳, ûܽг
ǺԽõĿ˰, 
ϯԨһɫڵԼʵʵϢȫشϸŰɫ, òΣλֱܷһԱ
һ߳ܵҡУϯԨ̩Ȼ
ܶûн, ΪйЩð, ȴܹidġ
Ҳͽ˶ˡ
ҽо, idʱ򲻶ȡ, ⡣ϯԨһֱǰͬ۵֡
粻ʶۡҲʶҶǺֵܣһҲƽϡ
Ļֻһ壬ȴǳ˿

ŶԷ˱Щðߵ֮ǰѾˣܹ߸ðߣȫڲͬ
µƵҲ͵˸С
ϯԨһ׶ߵľǰСߡ
ߺǱɳȭͷ˵˶ԷǷƿ˹ʵھ￴ķƿ˹Աǿ
󿨣ðŵųСһ׾Žӽף׳˶ֻܡ
Ҳоûôѹȣڿ̸̸Ӷǵ񡣡
ϯԨӼ濪ʼ˵һֱǼͨҲ⡣
ĦĲ壬ҶдġǡĹ·ǳȤصһϢﶼܹһӦǱҡ
˵󿨲ûкĶϾЩ鷳Ҳࡣ
Լ棬ΪϯԨ˵Ǹʵ񣬵ĦĲֻһ
ʲôҪܸܲҴõϢϯԨгһſƬָתš
ſðվʱ򣬳ֵһſ൱վ֤ԼĲ֧һһε
ϯԨü˵ҿļ۸ʮֵףǾܾҿðţӦòܾ
Ҫһ¡󿨶˵
㡣΢΢ס
кԱ뿪ֻʣϯԨһˡ
⣬Ϊѡð֮ǰѾԷʵ״ˣһֿѡ¶ûӹðţܾܾԼĽǮƣ
Լļ۸Ѿͬٷ֮ʮǸղ˵ҸðŶᱻܾ
ʮӺ
³Լǰ󿨣ԼðŵĳԱǡ
ںɫñ£ϯԨĨЦ֪ԼҪľ
ǽˣҪԤٷ֮ʮĶ𡣡󿨴˴֣һŬԼȥ
ҪûгϯԨϣһڴӦԵԼǳԩͷ
Цһ˵ٷ֮ʮ̫ˣҿðⷽƺֻհٷ֮ʮ
һٷ֮ʮǵԤҲ̫ˣҪֻаٷ֮ʮǽ֮
Ȼһûʲôգһء
˵ⲻʰٷ֮ʮʵ̫ˡ
ðŶüûӵˣٽӲɴɢؼֵغˣںò׽һ񣬰Ļǰ϶ܾô
ŶȥЩ
ɣҲ˵ٷ֮ʮһڼ۰ٷ֮ʮ
Ԥٷ֮ʮĶվǲѾǳгˡ
εܱһǱңվɰٷ֮ʮðųǰٷ֮ʮҲԼһ׬һ򣬶ʮǱҿܶˡ
뵽Ƶͷ˵ɽ
ʮǱҶϯԨ˵࣬ЩðߣǶԼģԼ׽ֵĻһʺܻ
ֱת˻վ
ˢϯԨ˵
ʵãҲһãȻԡϯԨidðߣ¼ôòģֱת˾Ͳһˡ
õĺõģû⡣̵óһˢ
ƿ˹˺սһ׶ʵϴ󲿷ֱֶӵĴϴ֣ҲϯԨðŵԭ
̫ųܸõɺ
ðģϯԨνЦЦ
Ŀһϸͷ޶ϻԼĺڣǿСüǡܶ
оˢһֱתʮǱҡ
ϰһͷơ
ļʵظ˵ϰģðٶһģԲʧġ
ǿðŵϣϯԨˡ
ӦѾƶõô˰ɣ˵
Ǿ··ȥ飬ĦģҪڲϱǷ㡣󿨵ڳӶϡ
··һԼɡ
󿨳··ǳ˳飬Щ
󿨵Ļ󣬻ǰ˵ãҽ·Ħ
ĦӳɾձһңͷһԳ䣬Ϊϸ壬̣ó˼⡣
˵ĵ壬ǻȡ·٩٩̸ʮаա
ϯԨ˵ͷϿˡ
취ǰ˼Ĳ࣬ӵƣϾĦ·˽
ǾͰ˵İ졣
ʣ֪ǲ鵽ϢôֱӸidϢô
·ղ˵ģǵҪʱ䣬ȻǾʱΪ׼ºҡȷԼûʱ䣬ֱԼһʱʡ
ϯԨ˵ͽˣϣǲҪʧ
ֱѡ뿪һ䣬ٳֵʱֻصĴϡ
ڡ
󿨿˻ܺã˵·ô
·λ򵥡
Լݱ֪ת˶ȡֲķʽѧʦ
ǰҲ//ˡһԱ˵
ʮǱҰûôʹġ
һҪúεȡþΪǵĳڿͻԺͲüһٱһˡ󿨹Цš
Ӵߣ˵
ʱʱҪˣҿûǮѣһСʱҪǧǱңôȥ١


ϯԨûߡ
ںù۵Ϣ¼һûʱϵƣԺúùһ硣
Ӵ󣬸ַǵڶܷģֱӵ㿪һĵͼȻʼѰԼȤꡣ
ڿһͼĿͣһϡ
״
ϯԨѡֱӴ͡
һ̤뽻״ͱһԲסˡ
ãҪôǿΪṩĵķ񡣡
ǵһǿƼӶңһСʱֻҪʮǱңܰѯŶ
ϯԨɨһ۽״һߵĿռ˵һжȻֺܶ߶ƵԲ
ԡ
ɨһ롣
ڿʼǰҶרС֡
ȥʲôأ
Ҫȥװ顣
״Ľϸİܷ࣬ϯԨǰݲݿ˼ۣȷԼĶŵĴ͡
û⣬ҪվȿԷҡ
һ鵭ɫԲιĳ£Ȼǰʼ˶Բڱֺͬٶȷֱߵλá
ڳŪĹĽ״ȴһֻҪǱҾܹ򵽡
ϯԨͣڹķΧ
Բѯ÷ƷнƷ֤Ա֤ڽ״ڵĽװȫʾҪзǹٷףϵƭ
СԲ򹾹߶߶һλ
ϯԨ͵㿪
ǧҳĹĿЩпһҳһȼɸѡǾֻףҪȥҪôҪôơ
ϯԨȿ׵ģܹһҳһٵɵ͵ߵļ۸񣬾ͷ˵׹ҲǧΪλ
ǧŰһʲô
̫ˡ
ڵǿһʲô壬׵ļ۸ڣ߽ϵֻ
ҪǸռ̳ûõŲȥ˼ǧͷǻˡ
̾˿Ҫ޸ĳ׵ģָСĵ㵽˹ͼꡭһС˳ǹⱾ͵һЩܣⱾݡ
ڵʱǾ׶ʵѾڿУʱԼ
ϯԨⱾᵽһЩݺ͵ʱеĵ׶ЩغϣҲ˵ʱоǶԵģ뵽ϯԨɴһһȥ
ÿһƵĽܺЩչʾݣЩȫȻʮغϲͣҲЩһġ
ȿ꣬ס
׵Ĺкüҳ۸ǧңߵҲûǧ
ɱ˶ˣһǧ򣬻׵ĹһĶ
׵Ĺ̫Ҳĵһѡһֻʣ²ȫһ·ˣϯԨ˼ߵԱߵȻʼ𱾵Ŀ
𲽲ãЩԶ໥ӡ֤Ƴ³׵Ӱӡ
ϯԨһͿֱоԼһ²ŻعŷԼȻСʱ
һϣάˣ˳硣
ʵС
ժ۾ͿԼߵϣά
ǲǴˡ
ϣάָָϵʳ˵ҸԵĻҪˡ
ûУʱ䡣
ҶҪԼûԷˣǳԹôϣάһߡ
š
ѾˣʱҲߵ㡣
ֹԼôʱ䣬ϣάҲ˺ܾã֪ʲô
ϯԨ̵ĳϣάͣסһĵһ죬ദȴϷһģʽ
ţ˵ԼϣάԺܺá
Թ˯硣
ƽʱʱڶںϣάһЩ
ҪӰôϿֺܸߵĵӰϯԨ˵Ŵ򿪵ӡ
Ǹ۳ʦԼӡ̣ѧģ˵Ƕȼٻࡣ
ϣάʣʲôӰ
Ǻ
ʮټϵеӰƽʱһֱ飬ʱ俴ӰҲ
ɲǵĿƻõӰϵۿЩӰսȫʵдڵģⲿӰʲô
˼ǳսǺʷʫӰ󲿷ȫԴʵʷӰ֮бѾˡ
ˣ㿴ôҪǿǻһ
ô𱬵ϵеӰϣάȻⲻϯԨһ𿴵뷨
Ϳ
Ӱʼʱϣάû뵽һӰ֡
ϯԨԵӰĿƼʵڸȤ֮ǰ϶˵ȴԸϣά˵䡣
ȻõϣάĻش
ԵӰֹǽϸش
ϣάڱԵ꣬ǸʵʵսɣӰгֵĸûùҲ֪һϯԨѯʣҲûͽԼ֪˵˳
ϣάĻشϯԨ֪

ҹ
ϯԨʶѾʱʱѾָҹＸټĵӰԾڲš
ԼëַˣһиӱսȫȥŶǰϣάԼȺսҹ˯սѡ
һ˵͵ʱˣϢˡ
ϣάʲôԣϯԨĸɻǵϯԨ۾עʱܻĲܿƵ١
´˵
û뵽ϣάôԴ˵ȻȻܣĶЩȤ
ϯԨϣά˸кȥϴˣϴϣά˯´߹ʱ㱼ֻһҡ
ֻҪԼΣͲΡ
ϯԨô룬Եϣά˯һʱֵʮִݡ
ܴǸռһߣм仹˯
ֹ˴ͷĵƣϣάһ
ϯԨĹ򶨣ϣάҪֱ׵Ķ࣬ԼĺԶֻԥһ¾֮ľ롣
ҿ˯ô
ûеϣάȴ仰ϯԨĿ࣬һԼǱϣάûϣάԼڵӡ
ϣάûĻشѹӸСӡ
С밤㣬ϲ㡣ϣάƽֻԼ֪±ϯԨܾ
СӣǿŻƶСԼϣάĳ̡
ȫڸУɻ˫ײǿҵĴƳȱ۳Ҳѹο浰Ҫ۳ĹȲܷȫ
ϯԨóϣά֮⣬˵С뿿ԼϣάҵĽڻࡣ
˸ӵȥ
Ϣغ;ڻеĴƳϣİЩ궯ľ
˯ɡ
ֹʣڻû취һϯԨֽ׶õ


71 
ͻӵϣά֪ôӦ, Լ浱ϯԨʱ޴ҲԼ
ʱƮĺľϣάֶ˶, ԥǻջϯԨ, ֱ˻ȥ
šӦһ۾
ϣά֪ԼϯԨദģʽЩ֣ĴƳ۳ദϯԨƺԸܵΪû׼, ųԼ׽
͹, ĿϣάԼܲϯԨĹŸĿǡ
ֻ, ýŵľ, ҲԼҪעϯԨϢصҩˡ
ϣά, ϯԨ˿, ܵԼľǿЩ軹ǲʡԵ, Ҫϡ
ǳ, һ

ѧУڵѧϰȲ, ֻϯԨÿϿζоͷʹ²۵
⼸ѧþЧİյȵ, ݾ۳, ʵȻǴĴƳ档
Щгһֺͳ屾йصѧϰ⣬ʣµ޷ǾǶԾƲٿصľ׼, ǰѲϯԨ߸ѹ۳桢Լſεġʦ
ϯԨԾ˵ѧϰٶȺ͡츳˲ą́չʾȨϣάƽȵĴ, ȻϣԼͬ, ϣάϡ
ݸߺ̨Ӳѧ, ʦҲΪ, ֻ۱ֻ۵ҲͷŹȥˡ
۳ľԴƳӰܴвͻھӰ¶̬һЩͬѧ˽
ֱܼ˵Լѻ飬浰ˣⷽ治ѧУġŰӣֱǰѡӡֿϡ
ίĶ࣬ȥһѾٿؾȻԼȴҲԶڳ۳ƽˮ׼ȻǲҪָΪӹһ١
ʵֹ˿ϣάҲһ
ϣάߵϯԨôܴϣάķӦڿȥʱ򣬾ϣά¶ɫȴҲΪǡ
¿ǰʦ˵
ǰ춼ôһȥɵҵÿλͬѧȥһӶƵȻ󷢵ʦǰ롣
仰ò۳ãȻǰҵôƳ¶ôҪôϽܲܰ˴Ƴĳɡ
ҵҪǧҪˣͱҵ˹ҹ
˵꣬ʦԼḺ̌ޣźһĴƳ뿪
ﲻ۳涼Թˣʲôԭֻǵľ鷳ѡ
ŵλϡ
Ȳͷܼôô鷳ĸƨƵһʦΪԼˡ
ҵҸûʲôÿģѿֲֿ˵仰ʱܼ޵Ƴ¡
濪ڣΪĵȷģҵû
ǲϯԨô
ϯԨ
ҲûŪҵ׼ȷ˵⼸ѧʱ䲻ںϣάӰǼս򣬾ϴһþϣάĺˡ

Ƶ֮ģϯԨĿܣһҪ˵ĻЩˬ
˵ûģˣƾʲôҪlsp۳档
ʦкܶ࣬һûλʦ
ܼЦ˵ǾͶѵһ°
濴һܼ̫ˣûͱҵ˹ҹô
̫͵Ļȥǰ𡣡
ܼЦݽסһҵѣʲôҵõ㲻ˡ
и۳ڲԶԥ˺þãŴ˵ʦҵƵģҪΪƵ˿϶ҵġ
˭˵ʲôܼ
۳Լĺף¶һЦ˵ҲƵûҵʲôð취˵ģ¡
ҽ죬λҵĴƾ۳վŸƳ档
Ļܼע⣬²˵ҲӢ飿
ûӡ󣬲Сƽ۳档
Ҳô˵ǻûн飬϶ĴƾЦЩ
ϯԨĿôãԸ۳滹ͷһؼ
ЩĽ˵ûôҪ۸ˡ
ܼڿϵĴ󵨷ԣֱӱ¶һѧʵ
ʲôġܼǳ鴤
ͻȻʣղ˵ҵЩʲô˼
ƵҵʵĻش
ÿһҵҪƵɣϯԨ⻰ֻûⲻвֻЩγҲܿҵ˶˽
ȻҲǵһڳɳĿŹ̾Ϊֹ
ðһֹŹ뷨⵽ҵƬ
ë
ܼ˵̶üͷܲˬ˵ӵĴƾƾʲô
²Ŀһܼ
ʲôܼüŭĿһˬ
£Ī
浹ûܼôӦֻǾ˷ʱ䡣
鷳û취
ҡͷûС
ҲûУ϶а취ֻǻûҵܼ°ͣӵת֪ڴʲô⡣
Ǿͱˣ취
棺㡣
ϯԨܼףºҲûиõİ취
˵ˡ
***
ҽңԶܵȻȼٵġ
ΪһСĳǱϣάģԴϣάصǾûںԼһȻΪҪ̥ҩ
˵ǰҪģֱǿЦ
ϣά治֪Լ֪ܲôǵѿɲ࡭ڻ᲻ǣҽҲͷ뷨
Ҫǻˣϣάʲô˵ġ
ϣάСϲԼԸ񣬺ҽҩԼҪԵģȻûĸʲôҩ
Ҫ浰ϣάô뷨ĸƳ涼ôԼĳ浰
ǾǸ۳治ҪϣάҪ̣˼ȥҽ²ס
ǲ֪ϣάǳǸ⻹鷳ɺҽ֪ģϣάλԭֻռٷ֮ʮаٷ֮ʮǱƵġ
ȻΪԷһ˵Լ´ΥҩƷֱӴ˹
´ˣҲüʱֲ
ҽһǾͿʼϣάϣάЩϢֱϾҵ˹ͼؿɲʲôС壬һĸλ֮µһȨϯҡ
ϣάϯԨýͼߣ˫һ㱣飬˳µĵ˸־ýͷ
ʹʱѾȥһ£ЩϢܹѵĵ
ҽǰûעҪϣά۳棬Ͼڲ̬ͱˣһֻ۳ѣôʧ
ŶƬʱ򣬺ҽĳԾôڲסȷԼ϶ԼûпʲôҡϢﲻõԤԽԽء
ֻ۳ôţϣάûԼҩҽһʱЩ
ԼԭĲ²ģǸϣάôڿƺԵˣų浰ĹӦúϯԨѲ˹ϵ
ϯԨģǽϣάϯԨֻ۳ñӡ
ϢǺҽǰģͷϵְϯԨһϯԨʲôʺĳѡ
ҽлȡϢ鵽ϯԨǰɵЩ£û˵ʲôɽ׸ıƣǰͲʲôöһӱã
ָǻƭϣάϣά൥Ūˡ
ҽϸԺ󣬷ԼҪϣάһ棬ֱӵ˰˺Լϣά档
͵õѲҪܳĴ𸴡
ҽô죬Լųĺӣֻг¡
ҵȣǰһϵϣάϢԼԼڽ

һ·ҹĺҽǰĴƳ棬ЩŹ֣Լô̫һ
ûеݣ񻹲
ϣά
ϣάһϤŲһ֪Ǻҽ
ҽþòعͷһǳǳЦݡ
ҽڻڵҽְ񣬱Ҳоרң֮ĳƺϲҽ
ȷʵǺþò
ȥ߾һ࣬ò׽˿Լ棬͸ıǣƽʱϢⳤһ
СûĵģֱǸ쵰ʦһӡҽû˵
Ҳǹôģֻǲ
ϣάΣ֪ҽˣֻϰԶԼɧ
ҽʦϵܺã˽¾ʦʶһٶĸ˭Ȳϵġ
Ϊ˵ҾͲˡ
ҽ˫ֲڿڴüͷϯԨô£ôš
ϣά̾Ϣڻˡ
ûж֡˵ҽ˵ʦףҽ֪ͱʦ֪Ľȫͬ
ҽһˣڻİɡ
Ӱ쵽ǵļƻģҿԱ֤
ϯԨҵһһ֪˵ϣάЩΡ
ϯԨʲôûԼԼȴҪ֪ԼΪ˭Ҳ
ҽ
ͱˣԼʲôû˵أϣάѵϲϯԨˡ
Ǹ浰ô
šϣάЩֲʶľҪܿ⡣
̫ˣ̬
Ҳαװܹƭˣںҽǰ̫һ㡣
˿̺ҽǸ²Ŀԣʱ˰ٷ֮ʮϣޱʹļ׵˵ϣάôô嶯
ϣά粵ûС
ԼǾ˼ǣһʱ嶯
ҽ㱻ѪСˮİײ˱ֻ۳湰ˣ֤ʵ󣬼ֱ͸ġ
˵ûС
ҩǲǸԼĳԣ
ų浰ϯԨйϵԲԡҽ˵һĿ
ϣά֪֪ԼʲôⲻһС¡
ϣάȻһһԼûа취شΪܿڷ񶨣ڵǳ˺ҽ˵һС
ҪˡҽⲽͻȻе㲻ԡ
ȵȣǲǸ治Ҫ浰
ԳϬĿ⣬ϣά۾˵ǡ
ҽµĴɵ˵Ǹ쵰棬һͲʲô۳棬ԼҪ
Լ˼Ż뷨鲻ȫְԨҪǵʱԼ
š
ΪʲôΪǸ񣿡
ϣάû˵ںҽ͵Ĭϡ
ϼһ˵㲻Ҫģ״Ҫ浰ǺͲҪʲô𡣡ҽǰֱץס
𶯣Ҽһ¡
ϣάû֪ҽǹԼ
ҽԭĽüͷɿһЩ˵ĺϵˣһЩ
ǺǺ˺ܶࡣ
ϸµ޲ƣԲͨҽҩģֻ۳ľЩһҪϣάϡΣǴﲻЧġ
ҽɿ֣һֳ޴ϧĿ⣺ڻţûΪϲ˰ɡ
ʱԼûʶ㣬ֻǾϯԨȷʵԼ˵ụ棬ûж֧綾ҩ
治֪ϲʲôҲûһطܿġ

ϣά򴽣üЩ˵ܺá
군ˣϣά飬ԶԼںϯԨǸҪ֪˿϶ʱ򻹲֪Ŀڡ̡ʲôϣάĵ
ҽţ̾˿ʣô죬ҪǱǸ֪鷳ʹˡ
Ȼϲϣѧһӹɣ̳СŪ浰ðҲǲܽܡ
СʱϣάжɰҽľģϣάʱϣάʮˣһЩϣά϶ɰ
ϣάɿ˵ʦ֪
áҽ˵һʵ⡣
Ǹ񽻴ɺ϶Ҫ뿪ǣڵ뿪Ǿ뿪ֻ۳档ҽüͷ治֪ϣάϲϯԨʲôط
ʱô졣
ĴƳ뿪۳ǿ϶еģŪһʬֻ۳Ը⣿ֻ۳Ը⣬۹Ҳͬһֻ˵ĴƳȥҲȫı߾
ô
ϣάĬ˰Σͷ
ҽһûʲô취ˡ
֪ô¡
ô֮ҪǸõȳ̳Ժ֪ƭǸ
ϣάҡͷ⶯ĺҽʱĹ
ʲô취Ƴ滳ǰ߸¿ᱻ֣һ»رԣȥ
ʦ֪ˣԺʦ˵
ҽЩĴ㣬Ҳû취ˣϼһƢ׵ĺܣЩԽԽꡣ
дͺá
ˣҿҩû԰ɡ
ûС
ʵҲûϵҩǲάصġҽЦúܽƻ˵㻰˵ôԼԾûġ
ϣά
лл֪ҽһȫΪԼ
ҽڰ֣Ҳô
ǸһˣҽĶӣﻹƽ̹ʲô
ֻ۳ô
ΪҽǺܹġ
Щ۳涼һ֮ѣǶǺһĻɫɲҪƭˡ˵˵ţҽЩ˵ˡ
ˣԼ⻰˵̫ˡ
Щ۳治һҶҺܺãҺʶûƹҡ
ϣάֲһ䣬˵Ԩҡ
ҽԼĶëˣȻô۳شƳֻĻ
ԼëϣάʲôԻҩȻôᴦΪֻ۳˵û
ϣάǲٿЦ
ҽţҡҡͷһ˵ġ
ôֵ۳棬Ҳš
ҵ鵽˵ȫӡ
ϣάڸ鷽漸һŰֽһ㾭鶼ûУڶĲ˵˻ꡣ
ҽУ˼һᶨޱȵ˵Ҫ˵ôãҵһˡ


72 
һڿν
, ôֻˣϣάأ
ܼ²ҿܻ𳵣òǱ˰ɣ
ϣάʲô¡һܼļ, ʾʿɶֹ
һ, ˵ϯԨ˵ʲôźٺ١
ԣڷϯԨһ顣
ѵý췢еô, , ͵ϵоһ㿴ܸܲԼһЩ뷨, ܼȰȰȡ
ʲôʱôˡɫ䵭, ϸ߿۾ժԱߡ
⸱۾ûʲô, Ψһþ洢˺Ϳγص鼮, տγ̽һһ
ܼһ֣˵һֱܰ, Ƕ¡
һ, ˵һ䣺ϣά˵еҪȥ
ϣά˵һط, 㲻Ҫô
ϯԨʱ, в졣
ϣάôܻͻȻйҪȥ, ȥһڣЩϣάΪʲôҪƭϯԨ
۹ٷλԾƵĸ൱, һƵ۳ļڸţ룬ϯԨȴ˵ʵ
Ҳʲôֻϣάܽ, żҲᴦһЩƵ⡣
ϯԨһ, Ŀƽ˵ˡ
, ġ
ϯԨû, ˿ûϯԨ˵ʱ΢΢ĿǷʲô
αϣ̬ӣǿ˹ȥ
ûΣǴʲô
ܼʼ˵ʲôģ
˷ʱ䣬Ȼǳȥ棿
洹ʵеؼҡ
ܼ֪˵ġҡǼңǸλڰɽϵı̲ס²۵ǰɣ뿪ãȥˡ
Ҿֻаʱ䣬ȥҲʲôҳȥ档
ϯԨ˵˵ĶԲԡܼìͷָ
¡
ļƻŲŸոտʼʱ£˭ҲҪƻ뿪
ܼôӣ㡣
Цûˣ绹Ǹȥɣ㻹и鷳û
ģҴӦʲôʱҹ
۳Ŀγ̰ŵĺɢһ춼пε٣󲿷ֶǰΣγеʱ򻹾һڿξͽˡ
ϯԨȥʳó緹Ȼܼɵļ뿪ѧУºȻǸǵģֻʣߡ
У⡣
ֿܼ
˳һ·û˵
ܿ죬ʻڰɽıſڡ
뿪죬ͼ֮ǰûʲô仯߽ӦĬȻӰӸ
µʵС
˻ӭؼңʵ1086ʺãڼһֻݳԲ1086ߣ㱨⼸ʱ¡
Ŀݲ𿪺ԤĴڱʿ⡣
1086˵꣬еע⵽ߵ۾ɰ״һɨɨ
ߺţ״뿪ʱµ1.3%⼸ǲûкúóԷ
1086ֻ߶µ˹Ϻķ1086͵£Ƕ
õģˡ1086Żеֱ۹ס
Ӧһǡ
ߺſҪһЩӪ
ܾʵܺ1086ԡ֡ΪλĻȣֻε1086קԼ
ҿԼߡ
У̫1086һ˵һһߡ
קһģס¶һȦΪϸխľƺɫԲڵƹ·ŽĹ
ʱѾԶȥ
ߵʿڣھָƽ󣬽ǰ򿪡
һ㶼1086ᷢʲôʵ˾ųɣټϲƣûܸǲܵ¡
ڣѧ˵Ļ걾չʾҡ
ԹǰЩֱߵ棬ʾǰһ졣
һŻڲŵĴԣӪҺά豸ά£һĻԡ
ּһ£ȡһЩ֯ҺȻȷŴԭݡϢǺϣϿжǴġ
һЩպŻá
۳ĴԿɲŪǱߣܴҲһΥƷ
Ҫиҷ۳Կʵģһڵһʱ䱻۹ȭ۳֪ɲ١
ĴƳ淸ᱻݳΪū۳Դõᱻȥ߳档
Ҫºܼ򵥣ֻҪ;Щ걩ٱĴƳ͹ˡ
۳潿ԳĶӻͷصġͷ۳۳һ֪⣬ֻһܿ϶ġ
۳˵ǵҲΪ
ǰͬӣȴûаɡ
ܱӵȥ۳淸µо淢ָԺΪʵҲֲˡ
ĵ߲ߣɱȫûе۳滹һЩģٴûж޹߳֡Ҳ˵ûУǸ⣬ֻ걾ĴƳ棬Լˡ
ԼֻЩȫʵ飬һһȥҲǻǷ
׵ֺȣһȡĵɫĺˣ΢ŵĴԡ

Уڡ

ϯԨ磬νûпΡ
۳кܶ࣬۳³һЩȴû۳Ӹ档
Ϸ
ڵϷ۵Ĳǳ忪ϷʵϳϷĽĲôǰһٵϷûгġ
ϷϷ۵ϴϷеֶһһִġ
ϯԨϷϷаϵϷʱǾˣսϷһȤľͷõȻʵһģһ
֪˵˹ңǸóһ߼ȻǲںԼĿƼᱻͼѧϰ
Ժ˽⵽ЩϷļ붼ļ£߲εĿƼԭûУϷǸѵģûϷ
ϯԨѡһǹеװϷֵϷļ۸ˣֻһǱҾܹеĹؿ
Ϸڰǹеװʹ÷ܹٷְٻԭʵģһٸǱһķǳֵáһЩؿȻ弶ϵĵװʹ÷ģ⻷Ȼڡ
ԴϯԨ⣬ϾҪҲ˽Щļ򵥲
ϲүͨءǹ͡ʮأͨٶȻ90%ңٽȡͨء
һ۽Ϸʱ䣬Ȼ˳
ϷʱһСʱʮ֣ǹͻӭ´μ̡
Ϸе߻Ծ࣬ϯԨ⼸ʱ߰˸¼
ȼ֣ʮصǹеҪļıأܹ֪ϴʹ÷
뿪Ϸȥ˲Ƹг
˸Ϻ󣬳ԼԱϵͳû˻֪ʵǸ۳桯һ۳߳ٵߺ;ǿȣ㹻ʶΪԼǴƳ档
ϣԼֻҪϾ͹ˡ
Ǽʱ˲гʲôأ͵Ĳһĳ֮ͬ
˲гĺôǿɸѡԼҪ˲ţٿҪҪƸã˫ʡȥʵ·̵鷳
ܹƸ뵽ǻΪԼֻҪнˮ
ϯԨ˼Ρ
Ŀĺܼ򵥣齨һðţ治ܹ뿪ȥһйص
ټѰ˵ͼǷֲ㼶ģǼðܹ֯ϽյͼҲáԴҲöҪǿ
Լðţ֪²ܹ֪Ϣһ´ˣǡ͵ûϵǲ˷ʱ䡣
ֻǹӶһðվ㣬޷ðڲˣΪͻȻûΪķ㣬ڿǺòԼ齨һ
Լ齨ðٴԼеЩҵ𣬵СĲ⡭׬ǮµĹ˾ͿҲûʲô
ڼȽ㣬һȵĸոսϣһλº
ԼһݣֱӰѿǹˣ߼ӽǰѲȥ
Ϊ˸ǸտǵðˣϯԨ˲гš
֪֪ԼôΪԿ϶ԼôԺϯĻ£ʱʲôɣ
ҵⲻǮȥˡ
ûжãֿʼǮ⣬Ҫʵڲо͸ɴáۡȥսԼʵˮƽ
˼ҲûҵʵѡðŵĳԱΣҪԸǷðѿءܹΪء
ϯԨû˲гȥԽӶļ۸ԽҲҪʵرǿģֻΧЩְ߾㹻ɸѡˡ
ΧְܹĳԱһСƵģǰȫϢͶӰԼҪġ
˲Ƹг˼ʮ֮һķΧû߱飬ÿһζܹͬλÿְͬߡ
ϯԨ˫ֻأЩǱңԼһƤ
ԼûǮΪôҲչʾչʾԼĲƴ֡
ߵһЩķװζǱҹģ۸񼸺ʵ۸ͬȣֻǮûطյĲŻЩûκô·
Ҫðߵ˻˲гðְţϣ·ðųߴаǼߣְˮƽβ룬ɳԽһҪ
һȺ׺ðУϯԨԵЩ롣
ĴͿ¶ʶڱһ¡ɵǮ鵽Ŀͱˣǿǳս壬
齨ðߣһ㶼Ͱȫմϱߡ
ȻҲûеӴ󣬻˵޴ְߣϯԨǰһֻ
ϰϰ忴ңһά޻е֤֤顣
еĻ紷ñҶС
צһֻצӾƣ⼸ֻצӻţ߶ȲϯԨϥǸߣ⿴ά޻еǻеά
ǰֻצɫϯԨļ̣ǰֻצ㶼ں˶Լû뵽һܵԼǰˡ
ְ߸ϷһǰһĻֻɫªİצ㱻һĻ֡
еά֤֤飬ôϯ߼
ǰϯԨֱ̧ˡ
ɿǰֻƴԼİצ㣬޹ͣ½Ų׼ֻŬƼԼİצһᡣ
ΪԼӮһᡣϯԨΪԼĻ˷ܵİצ㣬۽΢΢鴤һ¡
ڣϸĽһԼ
˵ʵֱӦڲϵʳȴ˵·е㲻Ӧ֮治Уﶼܷչ
ԴϸİצŬֱ̧Դ۾
צ˷ܵ˵ллϰᣬܹðţһŬŬġ
ҽצ԰צ˵֤⣬ܹάްļˮƽڵ׺ͷɴĿǰڲϵѧϰУȡ¸¿ļά޵ȼ֤顭ϲ˵
ȥϯԨ˼š
צɵúһ֣˵˾Ǵ仰ܸˡΪ˲гǳ࣬ҹǳ׻ܾ
Ҫʲô
צԥһ£һϰ忪Ժüûҵˣ벻ֻסŶ档֮ǰҲûѯ⣬Ĵܣתͷ͹ͬ塣
ҪҲ¸¿ԵıѶҪϡ
ϰ崩ôãӦúǮɣһ˰ô죿ԶѾǷͣˣλ軹СʱڡУǷŵһҪɡ
צһֻצǸԴӲо˿˿ġ
нһǧǱô
ϯԨһֻԼõ籨ۣצά޷С츳ˮƽһǧǱңӻѹۡ
ҲʲôħֻжԱԼ̴ӦģܸоԼˡ
ʼԻǵͻᱻΣһǵĶԻ
ϯԨ˵ģô֪˵ǲģ¸²ſļ֤飬һ㿼ϡ
һܿϵģУڼɼܺáצˣԼҪܾ
ʵ˵⻰Ҳǵһļȫͬˮƽ
ҪգȻҸļצ
ұǱˣֻҪһǧǱңȹӶԣԲڵġ
ϯԨû˵ҲڵǵЦݣֻ䵭ĮȻ
ӶԣһԸֱںͬǩ֡
Ļһ޸Ĺĺͬ˰צǰ
ʵϰ£ڹʽһ룬ʵϰڹһǧǱһ·нꡣ
ʵϰڱֺÿǰתÿ갴Ĺˮƽн߿Էཱ𡢼Ч㡣
ͬǩΥԼҪ⳥ʱнˮʮΥԼ𡣡
ԼҪ˵ǰɫİצɫȥ任ķǳ졣
ʱ俼ǣôõĴ˿ɾûˣȻʵнߣðŵĽǺܸߵģиֽոԱ޵ȵȡ
ϯԨûܻûԹôϵʱΪѹեԱ˲֪ٷ
Ȼˣûѹեצֻʽ𲻿ԣ֮ǮˣǸеĶеġͷ֧ƱֶϯԨǲῪġ
˵ǰȷǳˣհצ֮Ӻջ˵һλԱ
ϯԨûںͬǩ
ʱͬȥųʲô
ųǲ𣿡
ͬðŵֺųǩţצЩͷԡ
ȻǡЩЦ˵
һҪ˵ĻͶðŵĽҿų


73 
нð, һǺܴðŰɣˡ
ϵʽһ㶼A7㿴߿ϵϯԨ΢΢, İצԴ
˵Ҹҵİ֡
õ, ϰ壡Ŵצ˸Ǽͨڣʾӡ
齨һ֧ðС, ðվҪͱ׼, ˡۡԼ⻹Ҫĸ
ϯԨצٿûкʵĵù
˺ͬİצ, ĺú, һ¶ʶԼƭΪȥѧϰˡ
Ҽʹצʶƭ, ·Լ, ԼҲûʲôʧ
ֹʮӣûҵͰצһúƵġ
齨һð, ҪһָӻῪɴ, һϢ崦ĸ, һмάʦ, һƺսʿ, ðŵı䡣
ʵڲƵҽʦȲҪƴ󲿷Сëҽ, ʱҲ㹻ˡ
Ǽð߲࣬Σգܴܲδζܡ
, Լв, ֻáۡųԼ, ŪƸһҡ
, һԼ˻֣ȱǮ
ҪǲȱĻֱӸнƸǻԼ
ϯԨҪ뿪ʱһ᲻ŵ
á
ͣ½Ų
һɫӫǰ֮һСӵС飬ųʡ
ðҪҽʦ𡣡
ϯԨǰֻԼֻԼƴĪС飬ܿľԺҳϢ
չ̫򣬿Ƽչٻ
С飬͵Сƣ͡ᱡ򣬿ɰʮ˸׷
ǸոձֵʱһȳΪ߼ϲġǼ˺ŵõı䡣
Ϊһ㣬ڶвοСģҲϯԨеԭ
ӵС鱻ԼעţЩнóղŽסԼΪѾù˶Էе
򡢴ˡСɥľҪߡ
ϯԨȵȡ
С˻ڴĿʲô𡣡
Ȼ̫չУռȲٷ֮塣
ǵľʮƽͣȴܹ̫ӽƣҪԼŶҽôСȷǸѡ
ֻǵȱҲԣϸһе紵ݶҪ˵߲˵Ͳͣи΢ֲ԰ܹǵ
Сð벻𣬴ðиõѡ
óƵĹ֮塢弶óƵķ֮飬רƣһСõĶ࣬Ҳ׷
ҵðŵȷҪһʦҪӦƸ𡣡
ǵģӦƸְλСŬӣֶ͵˵Ե顣
ϯԨȤʣôˣΪʲôҡ
ְ߶ڵ·ߣƸ·м䣬֮ĲԣǾԲġ
ôƸģֻСôͿԼ
С鲻˼˵ҿ˰צҲǹ͵ġ
ҾԿ˰צҲҪء
ܸоǰֻСû˵ʵϯԨע⵽Ŀ⣬ⲻҪҪԼҪҪӶǰֻС飬ԼӦʲôļǮʹӶ
ҪȿϣܿǲƸ㡣
û⣬㿴
ȡ𵵰ģ/񡣡
ϯԨ㿪һ£ȿ䡭һʮĸ䡣
ߴһǧУԼҲ͵ʮ꣬ǸδꡣѹֺԼ󣬲Ҳⱳ򹤵Сѡ
µҪɿƼܹΪ߲εһÿһνҪԴЩԴͨóҲȥô򹤡
ڿֻ߲͡
ûҪòϡ
һСҪĲ࣬һ΢ֲ԰ǱҷҪǧһ¡
ǰֻצǱң͸СǮԹֻˡ
ȿȣȻ֪ǧǱҲ󣬿ǴҵûǮСҪ۸ֻԼ̫ˡ
ȻϯԨĿ⣬˵еľȼȼϣSľ׵̫ӲٿصȼʱƤ͵һ¡
ֻצAȼһףǰֻշ촩СȹӿɿɰС飬һܴʮצ
üһôȼôߡ裿ȷѡְҵˡ
оȹ龪ȣϯԨ˵ȴƽǳȰǰֻȴȵСС
ʲôҽȫû⡣Ҫѧʲôرսֻƾȼ㹻ѹͶѡˡ
ֻʷҪǧǱһҪṩرס޻
ⲻ̫ҵҪ󡣡
СۿɼĴͷɥƯ۾̾ͺˣϯԨԼ۸Сѵĸо
ԸòĻҲû취ܺһһԼĸ顣
֪ϯԨ仰С뵽ʲôСһӣһܿ֡
ӦƸκսְҵO^O
ϯԨԣкܶ˺ֻС˵תеˣ⵹ǺԼԤĲ롣
һСԼǰӣЦһҲѾ˵ôҵðҪʦ
Сգգ۾Щ졣
ʦô
š
ҵĴ԰סнһǧǱһ£ռʵϰڣʵϰڹʼ롭нϯԨݳһ޸ĺõĺͬ
צĻͻᷢݺͬϳ˹ʲһһһģһ
ͬĻǾðŵרʦˡ
һսȴһֻսʿ˲ţϯԨںС˼仰Ͳһ㡣
Сۣרʦ
ǩ
ܺãųϵʽ
«ưϯԨٴͳһϵʽûĿտðѾˡ
ȵûΪʲôųĻչ˵ķȥ·һ֧赸
***
ϯԨժ۾Ȼ˻Ǳת˴뵽˻˵˻ױ鵽֪ĻΪԼתʲĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳȷǡ
֮Լְߣδζôõ£צСɵƭģûһ
ļԲȶϯԨŽջҲˣŻʱУһȥ㶨ðŵעᡣ
պϣάڣ㷽Լ
һϵеıװʼʩյƽ̨õĵȻǹݡ
ϯԨߵĵطߵľ⣬ϴʹʱ仹ûԱߣֱӴ͵ð߹
Ǽðһɢͳһ󲿷ʱһɢɳһҪʱҲð߹Ϊ˱ǵȨģ˵ʼð߹Ǽðʼ漶Ĵڡ
ǰ˸齨ãǼð߹Ӧ˶վð߹֧ðİ̽Ľ
ðǷԴı˷ɿѸݵķչ·˵ϰٸд붼Ǳð߷ֵģҲһʼһ߸
ϯԨдð뷨ʱ򣬾˽Ҫ˲ÿһ̶ʮֵĿ졣
һһܹպеĽðվṩֽףɹٷǱȽϿɿġ
µģµĺ;ɵ֮۸嵽ʮǱҲһҺõĶֻǼðǼΣյ£ֻǿһǽһݱϡ
ϯԨµֱӹһ߳ȫʹļĻ㲻ǽҶԷװͿһΡ
ǽ˻˲ǧ򣬻ʣǧ豸һʱڵʽ
ڶһðųԱ֣ύϢȵȣֻҪͱ׼ðžǳˡ
ĽǽһԱʮңΪɴʹõļ⼼ԲҪԱҲܹʻ
ԼֻҪļĳԱ͹ˣĳԱϢԱز١
ǽϵԶģֻҪȨܹʹãΪ졣̫Ĵ⣬Բַٿء
Ҫһȡһ֡
ϯԨύϵʱ򣬱ʾûдһŷðŵ֡
˼ţ֡ǡ
ѱעᡣ
̫ȡֵϯԨҲ⣬ð߹ôʱ䣬ʲôֶȡˣο뵽ġ
ѵҲҪһԼȡ

ѱעᡣ
ӡ
ѱעᡣ
ϯԨһ˺ü֣ȫòˣֵ㵽Աߵťϣ뿴Ļʲô
Ƭ̺󣬿Ĭˣƨͨˣô붼С
˳ƺԼڵϵΪǺϵΪʲôֶȡˣϯԨֱģһΣҪٲˡ
ӡ
δʹá
ϲӡΪǼðչһԱʼףԸԡӡ֮쳹Ǻ塣
ӵı֮һڵʱһʫһǡǹâԶͬӺѹ񡯡ԶΪͣҲֻԡӡļ˼
ϯԨ鿴һ˽ţͷϳ˭ˡ
ǰצС鰲ȣ̵˸ҽܣЩȲҪԼ
ڷǵͷǻҵģ˲ߺϯԨͨظ䣬ͽǰͨķ뷢͹ȥֱӵԼ
һеһ壬СǲģֻĿռ䡣
屻ϷΪɫĸ¥ôܼɢĺبĸ
㿪һ˽ţͷǸԿǣ˭
㿪ԷϣֶԷԼһϣٿϢ
ãǶȸ裬ھ档
֪ܲԷʲôͨ롣
Ҽǵ㣬ʲô¡
һֱڵ㡣
Ҫһƥ䣬һˣӮ
ϯԨüЩ񣬾ôƶԼһӮ
ҽˣô򡣡
ӡ
Ϣģһƥ롣
û£ȥҲãԼԼעĲԲ֪߲ߡ
ĵİͬ⡣
һ̣ϯԨӰð߹ʧ˾ڡ
ϴοûʲô仯ϯԨŶȸ裬ļԺܺãһ۾ͿȸϵĽװϴһ
ȸ裺Ҳǡ
ϯԨ鿴һ¶ȸսֶԷʤһǸǡ
ѵϴԼ󣬶ȸûٽһ
һ۳бʼĵʱϯԨͶעҳ棬һԼʺעʡԭΪԼĻһЩû뵽ͶȸĲࡣ
һעܳʮǱңǾʮˡ
СʮһǶĵģҪǶȸûʲôĻһѿ»Լ

ϯԨӮʮǱңЦӯӯ
ȸȷȥһεĽѵ˵ڱкüζԼĶԴһԲܱȵģ˭˵ԼĶͱһɲġ
һѣϯԨ˳һѣʱ仹磬þ֡
ѭ湻ӾѾһСʱˡ
һһʤϯԨǱǵķ⣬Լٶȳ˳ֻ֣һܹ10~20ľڡ
ھֵܿʱ򣬶ȸҲûš
׹°ǱȻ󣬶ȸҲ˾ȻͷֲֶϯԨһ̬һѶ׼Ľˡ
ڼ䣬ȸһֱϯԨĶãϯԨ뿪󣬾̷һϢȥ
´ʲôʱ򡣡

Լ
ҲкʤģôϯԨϢ˼
ϵ˹ܱ˹ϣȫָ˽Ľ˵
Ϣ巽ĸ֣ʲôȴϢеֻϯԨ˼ţ֪òչգҪܹչɾ̫ˡ
֪
Ϣ˶٣ַ˵ڶһССն
齨һðţܿҪ̤Ǽðգûôʱ˷⾺
ٵģ⾺ô׬ǮֱǵһͰĲ֮ѡ
֪Ǽðգ˵Ǽ˼¡
ðţҿԼô
ϯԨ仰˼Լʲôû˵ȸԼˣܸоһȭ޻ϡ
ĸðŶᱻӭΪʲôССðš
ҪӮ㡣
ҵļң㣬ѼϡϢһ̡
ҵֻǸСðţн԰סҪ˵
൱壬ڵϢǵ֮ĸ֣嶼޷ģµ츳
Ҫ㲻ܾܾҵսߵĻ㲻ܹܾ
ϯԨüһӮңҾͲְܾܾ롣
˵ûӮҡ
ڹ̼ңҴӦˣΪͬӮҵġ
ϣʵбһ
ǻأԼڶ벻ŷϢȴǡɽ
Ѻͬǩһ¡
ǩ֮ðųĵһλʽԱˡ
ϯԨѺͬȥܿľյ˻ִ
ֿĽϢύøıˡ
ˣǿᣬǽȨޣ컹˵
ϯԨʱ䲻ˣɴ仰βʹæˡ
ԼȥȻñϣάҴ뿪ɣȽԼϵαװȥȻѧУϡ


74 
ϯԨȥʱѾ, Ȼϣάһ
һţﴫ߹ȥһϣά
ϣάͷ, ˵, ܿͿԳˡ
ԴסѧУᵽòͣһ㶼Լʲô, ̫æϯԨͻϣάˡ
һγǰ, Щ˼飬ϣάȻôóԡ
ð, ҲͳԹϯķ, ȽȻԼĸ, ʵûӲ䡣
æ
, ҶҪˡ
ҿ԰æ˲ˡ
ԼкͳȥϣάûԼ϶Щ, Լֲ˵Լȥʲôˡ
ϯԨó, һ˵ʲôʱ, ô
˶, ƻӦһСʱˡ
ĵһġ
ѾҪ, ȻԼ̫ˣǼѾá
ϣάһʢ, Щ˶ѧУ͵ģҶǴԼĴƳһģ˵ѡ
ϯԨҲʱ֪, Ƴϵս˳Ĵ, ÿƳδʱҪѧϰһЩ˺ıر, ǰҪѧϰô۳档
һʱû, ΪܼǳȥˡϣάһѲ˶˳ȥ
ûУԼȥ˹䡣
㲻ڣѧУҲûΣͦĵġ
㲻˵ѣֻ˵Ҳ֪ϣάû
ԭӦģʱԡ
õǸҪϯԨЦЦһɣȥˡ
˶¡
ȳԷɣгԹô
գһ۾˵ûУķûĺóԣҵȻǻˡ
֪ǲĬ֮ǶûԷȥʲô
ϯԨĽûϣάĺö٣жǴˣ׾ԷĲ֮ΪԼҲԸɴͲˡ
ϺܼʱʹǲǹæϣάҪȥϵ
Ȼͷ˵ǣɱȴһ˲Ĳԣϣάйе֡ûӹ۾Ҳûٸʵס
ϣάȻҪԼһʲô鲻ܱԼ֪ƽദ͸ϣάԸ˵ܡ
ϯԨŷϣάҲġ

Ȼһ޼ӣȴû˯ţԸ¡
ж϶ԷǷ˯̫ˣôڴĬϣά뵽ҽնһҪϯԨӣ̲סҪ̾
ҽһϺʦ񣬿֪ʵϾΪԼġ
ô졣
ϯԨҽ⣬ϣά֪ԼϯԨ϶ӦɵϯԨҽԼôܺҽݡ
һСĲ¶˺ҽݣпܻὫϯԨΣյС
ϣάۣĬȻɲúҽϯԨҲǲܵģԼӦҽҲҵᡭʱһϯԨˣΪҽʲô鷳
ûס˸۾ϯԨ
Ƴ۳治ܹͬںڰµĵ¹ϯԨĸ
ϯԨ˺һվȿڵһ
εʲô¾˵ɣңǴ㿴һҹô
ϣάԼʼͲˡ
ڻдƳϵľöԷһֱԼĸ֪У½ֻϸ΢ۣҲܹ֡
ϯԨûϣάõȥ˯ʲô뿪ѧУϣάԼ
Լһݵ飬ʵǲøϣά֮л˵ɡ
ϣάġ
ƵϣάЩڣƿһֱעĿ⣬ȴ
иҪ㡣
ϣάĻЩ죬˹ͼؼôſԼûģѵϴζû
ǰûмô
š
ʲôʱ䡣
ϣάβסľȣӦˣ
ĳңΪʲôӦЦЦǻĴݵϣάĶС
һϾΪ£ϯԨЩЦԷǡ
ָ̧ϣάĺԣָӷ䴩Щ˵򵥵£˵ԥôá
㲻һλô
ʣẦô
ᡪϣάشޱȹϡ
ǲͺˣԼʱ䣬ҸһȥϯԨŴָ⻬ķ˿Ц̵ĵҪôϾһμ棬ӦҪȺӡ󡣡
ãλ͵ģЩ˺ҽ£ϣά
ôպĿνȥ
ôɣ죿һ£ЩǸ˵ûʱ䣬Ҫȥѡ
ϯԨǲϣάȥĳֻǺò׺ƵɵһԼ첻ȥΪԼˣǣֱô졣
Ǹ
ûϵҴҪʱģÿԳԸ͡
ҲǼˡ
ûϣάûҪҽӴ̫࣬һʼʹ⣬ֻ׼úҽͺˡ
磿ĻǿԡϯԨı⣬ͰצԼʱ㵽ҡ
ϣάԼҪܴӦȻϣӦϣάġ
λߵϣάܽȻϣάǲʱ䶨ģϯԨ뵽˾
磬һԸ
Ҳ֪ǲΪϣάЩţϣάȫûԼ˵ģҪȥ¡
ʲôĳϣάңԼˣϯԨ˼

ڶ졣
ĿνϯԨֱϣάҪߡ
Ϊȥϣάλв˵ĳԷ⻻˼ʽЩ·Ϊ˸Էӡ
ϣάôӵģһϣάĴƸô֣ضΪ
ܼ뿪ıӰһ
˵òȥԼɣ
һ½ǣһûôܼĻǡ
ϹˣҿӦԼʲôˡ
ûϯԨ촩ЩʽôҪֻԼô򵥵ĻõŴ
濴һºܼ˵ģһ𣿡
ܼ֪˼Ҫģü˵һ֡
ߡ
ܼôֱ£뿪һ£Ӧܼǿж湴ȥ
ϰߣǲΪ֪ʵңһЩʵ飬ܹкܶܡ
ߵĺܼܽٿҲմȾһЩ
Щֻ˭˵ڵʧȥصǸﱻһ
˵ˣһˡ
뵽ϣά˵Ļϣά˵ԵĻͶչЩ֮ĹϵǺܺá뵽һļ
ǲڣȥԷʲô
ڣû鷳ġ
ʹֵƽӹԼϵĲ֮ͬͬǾƳ²һ㶼Ծϣά˵ҲչЩ
ū뵽ݣ¾Щ⡣
ƶǷŻᱻūӡ۳ҲֻūǾзľƣϵ̫ͬ
***
ѧ¥̨
ܼƳһü۽ǶЦ棬˫ֻؿ̨ϣҰҪ˵ЩʲôҲױ͵
ôˣ֪ջС
šָϴǣЦݸЩ
ҵ˼·ǶԵģҳɹˣϧʱֻ̫̣ʮ롣
ı飬ܼһ¸첲Ҫ˵ʲôԼ޷棬ôܾʵִˡ
Щ̬ʵ飬˶Բ·ƫƫС
ʵ鲻̫˽ܼʮ룬Ҳ̫ˣ𣿡
У֤ǿԳɹģϧʵƷѾˡ˵Щϧ
ʱҲҲƷ֪ǶŪ
ܼܲôΪ˸ҷ˶
˵һξͱˣͲϧһ𡣡
ⲻܹңʵģֻһʵͲˣҵǸ̫ˣҶûüڶΡ
㻹ұԹ
ܼ˸ۣû˵ҸڶΣϴθ㵽Ƕôġñϵġ
ҡҡͷ˵ҲûŪڶ
ܼ
ͻȻȫܼһ㶣ֲԤУôˣ
˵Լʵ飬ô
ˣ
ܼ̲ס˵һܣѹ˵ô뷨²һʲôô
ģοֻʵܹ֤ҵоԲԡƮɢڷУܼĶС
Ҳͬ⣬ôͷҿɾôһС
Ҫǳʲô⣬ҵú
ʵ鲻ҪƳȥңȵȣڴ⡣
浱ûС
ܼشô죬һ⡣
֪Ƣģ˵뷨ҪôˣԼȰҲȰȰֻ˵Ǿϣܸı⡣
ǹܲˣ֪뷨ҾͲӦŪʲôܼš
Ūǿӣ˵滹뷨
˵ıˡ
ʵ鷽ҲԼСĵ㡣
Ǹݲ򵥣Ҫôͻһһġ
ҪҪҿԸܣʶĴƳʲôĶС
ҪԸ⣬SĴƳҲǲҵҪԸֻǺȢģûǸ·֪Ѷˡ
ЩҴƳ棬ȥľͷ⡭ϯԨôöˣҪûУϯҺͻҵѪ̶ȳ̶ȣǲǵһѡ񰡡
˵ң鷳ˡ
ûж˵ֻôʲô
ܼŪžһ˷ſ뾶ʮڵĻڸ֪С
һĻҪǱ˺ܼϤĳ濴һеǳĲ˼飬ܼ첻ߵ۳棬Ȼ׼ƾҿȥӦ֡
˵Լ飬һ¡
ϯԨǱߣʲôʱ˵
ϴκ̸ܼܼ˵⼸һֱҲûʲô治֪ܼôġ
ҵ˵㿴첻ûʱôһ¿ξͺϣάˣܲܵϣάס
ģѾôˡ
ţ
簡㲻˰ɣҲϡܼһЦ˵ҸţȻֱ档
ʱҲһ
ԡ

ߵƵİ
ϯԨ˰ᣬϰߵİϣάӣǹȥɵϰʶ
ϣάһֻݸȺͺҽк
壬ǰԨ
ãμ棬һС⡣ϣά˵ϯԨڹϰʵԸı䡣
˲֣ôÿ֣򡤻ˡϯԨʾǸ֮ǰϣάȥһ
Ǯ֪˰õϣά
ҽϯԨĶЩزԼ״̬˵
վˣɡ
ԶٷͳԶٷô
Ӧõġ
һǳɫװĺҽϲ˵ļ϶Դϣάߵ۳档
ƬЩĲһûʲô⣬ƬǼǰϯԨϯϵʱĵģʮͳЩһ
ǿǿǺϸˣֹ϶ϣάͦĵģɫƽ͵Ҳǵ鱨˵ƢŰ
ҲԣҪƢܲϣάܿ
ϯԨôɡ
Ȼ⣬⡣ϣά֪ǰֻƳڰϺϯԨƺеĺȻ
ϣάӵĳôȻҲԼĳ
Ժ󣬺ҽ˵ҪнǱ߳Ա˵
ʵҲûʲô뷨ϣά˵δԲ㡣
ϣάȥϲ۳棬ҶҪ¶ϣû뵽۸˼¡
ҽ֪ϣάݣȻҲ֪ϣάڼ˵ʵ֪Ƕ˹˹ͼظĹûȥɱ쵰۳档
Ǻǣ᲻ôƾĴӾϣάȥףⲻϣάȥ𡭡Ͼǰ˽⵽ϯԨܲǸ⡣
ɿڵϯԨҽе뷨΢ıһЩ͵ȣǰϯԨҲûôˡ
ϯԨҲˣλҽڿԼǰӦͦԼ
Ҳû뵽ܹȢϣάõĴƳƾȷʵл˹ͼظ¡һüһһֱҵġ
ϣάϣάĴƳܵǸʲôάµģҹʰ·
ҽɫŹһ˲ʶϣά۳˵Ĵƾʲô˼˵Ǵô
ϣάԼǸߺҽ飬ҲܹԼûһ㡣
ҽһ˵һֱŻûܸǵĶź
ҪҪʱ䳤һЩӦܸǵĻ񡣡
仰ϣάƲסҪʳʲôʱԼô֪ڻǵúҽ΢΢һЦûɻʳ
ҽϣάϯԨ˵ЦӯӯӣипֵͬʱЩ
ʱ䶼ˣΪʲôϣάҲûиԼغӳ˹ȻԼôԼСųϣάѾϯԨˡ
ʱ䵱ȻûֻϯԨõģҪġܲܵϣάŵСӳԺٽ飬Ҳ̫ˡ
δӱӳɻ鷴Щܼһܺõӡ
ҽϯԨףϣάˣʲôʱ顣
ȻҲˣϯԨԼ˵ˡ
ϯԨԼҪϣά
ҽһϣά˵ϣϣάѡû


75 
ҽĻЩ, ⻰ʲô˼
ϯԨϣάҪ˵Щʲô
ϣά֮ǰ˵ҵѡȻȷľ
㶼˵, ǾͰ뷨ȥɡҽĿһϣά, ݵɫǶǡ
ϣά֪֪ԼľΪʲôĺ֪ģԼô˵, ֻܿΪϯԨôࡣ
ϯԨȴһ֪
ҽ뵽Ǹ, ̾˿ϣάҪԵĿɲС谭
ǸƢ, Ǿ̲ϯԨĴڵ, ҲܽԼɫѧӱһ۳ܵʵ
һٷǢദ, ԵҲǱ
ϯԨϣάֺͲһ, ֱʱ˲Ÿ뿪
ˣʲôĳҪ
һʹϣά֪ϯԨ;뿪ҽЩ, ۳󲿷ֶѧ, ֺ, ʲôҪϯ
ϣά, ɱƭ, ǲбġ
ҽ۳ıǽ˽һ͸ټϯԨֲ˳, Ʋ̲ס롣
ġϣάƶ
׹밮ӣ۳ɱ˫۵ģҽҭ, ֪Լ˵ʲôǰ״, ϣάͲԼ
ô, ҵġҽƳƳ, һһҪƭ㣬ɶỳɣͻڵĿ
Ҳҡϣά˵ȥ飬û׷ʡ
Լй뿪ȴð˸ϯԨһ㲻Զû֡ϯԨʣֻΪΡ
ˡˣ˵㡣
ҰԨˣҲ߰ɣȥǡ
֮ûȥǡ
ϣάҪԵȣҵûһ硣
ȥɣڳ㡣ҽȻ˵
ϣάݻ֪ĳ٣ʱҲʺϱ¶ֵΣ黹Խٳ֪Խá

ϯԨȥ˹Ԣ
첻ҪȥɣֻΪ˴Աļûдݾ
һС͵ĻķԼڵʱǩһЩϹĿݡ
۳治ĶƳûǸƣԼܳ£һС͵ıķǩտݣ˵úʡ
ݵʱǡ
ǴС˲ٶ̬ԵϲģҪп͡ЩԼûйϵ
ϯԨܿͽԺ򿪷˽ȥ
ڵǰһԣһЩ
һ綼Գ繺ͻŵٶȣֻҪǿϵƷԼ뿪ǰܹ͵
ҪĶŵ硣
һߡ
˽ϢͲϵһⶼڰצС鰲ȣʣµһڶȸ衣
ϯԨһظԼʱ仹磬ߵĳԼֻжȸ衣
ȸڷߺ󣬾˵Ҫս
ΪĶȸûǲеƣ͵ģȸо˻˿ϼһ߱߸֡
ϯԨֱӾܾˣ˵Լûյ¼ڻΪðļͷʹ
û뵽ǣȸһ˵Ҫ
ϯԨûоܾ㿪㿪ðվְҳ棬һ߿һߵȶȸ衣
ҳϷļİťָļ붼ûܵȥһˡ
ļȡͶȸ費һ˵ѡҪãҪһߡʵǿֻԼǰڲڵ£ָǽи
˲űȻ֣в£Լֻֿܷ
ά޹ʦȸϢԱ˵ָǽȸҲǲУеԴǺʱ˵ָƻ
˶ķӦԤݿ⣬ݿûӦԷô˵ϢǿҲҪץϹ
ˣǾļˡ
ųáȸߣ֣һ˿ĺ˸к
ϯԨ˰֣˵־ͺãֱӽҡˡ
ðŵĳԱƺðŵҵݿ
ۿŶȸҪƪ۵оӣ̧Ķȸļ˵ҪҪмһ
ų˵
ϯԨҲȥˣյİ˶ǰ߼ӦģʱڵǸûǻġ顯ġҡ˼Ķһ㲻cpuˡ
Լ뷨Ͷȸ˵Ϣⷽ棬˳ƵڶûĸҳƵһʹǰеġ׶ҲܹһЩͼļԡ
׼ȷ˵ҲҪҪæ
ų㽻񣬲Ҫðæ֣ΪԱǲܾġ
ҵ˼㲻ԸԾܾⲢǿԵͻеԴ˵һͷʹȸ費ԸæҲûϵ˾Լѵʱ䡣
ԭ˼ȸͷ˼һ£˵ôҵĻشǣҺæ
˶ȸİæɸѡ̱÷ɿȷѡȽϵԣԷԸмٵ¼һġ
ڶѡУλӱȴˡ
ϯԨĵһ죬¼ʱͲˣûд࡭̫ȷһ㡣
ûֻ࣬壬Ժͷ֡
оʮζǣߴȫ弶ļڶ󲿷ֶˡ
ԭ̬ͬצǺǱͻ򻷾йءܹһԼ򻷾޷ν
߸Ϊߴߴ򺭸Ͻ򣬱䵽һȫǰĸ¼ġ
ϯԨԵĵصԼ˽˿ռС
׼ԵλǺܿ͵ˣֻһһ
󵽣ϯԨȵλ¥鷿ġ
һڻĹŴеˣûôϸ۸׶԰Ӵ󲿷壬һ׶Ͻ׳βܳ
λԵǾʦְλϯԨĺʶԷǲǶԼĶλʲôᡣ
һս˵弶Ϊʲôô벻ҪʦԼҪߣߡ
μ棬ҽīңֻǼ򵥵˵ȴ˳ɫٱɫʵĳ١
ī棬īɫββҡţᱡ͸ˮǳɫɴ¡
ǸϰģҸһЩ
Ļҿγ֡
ûϵϯԨףϰֻС⣬ظ֮Ĳͬ
Ǿͽɡ
ʱѾ˵ĺˣռĴߣҲֻһССðš
īұЦ紺ͣҪֻҪԸ֣ⷽߵҶ̫⡣
һ壬źһʡ顣
ֻһкٿϾÿһ㶼սʿǼʼƯ䱦۸һžϯԨССðš
ðŵĸųڵʱ򣬿ȫȨָðţְλǳҪҸʱӺʹģҲûԸҸﶼǼ䶷ɡ
ϯԨѡīңнʴֲô͵ҪҪʲôгֻҪԷҲǲ֡
ǰðҲʲôΣ˵ԼЭӦòʲô⡣
ϯԨīҾָӵһЩĵģҲǱҽ̬û뵽ԽԽīҶǽָӷ滹еīˮġ
Ȼ̸ֽ̺ܾܿһҲˡ
ݳһݺͬīǩԺһ䣺ˮƽôһֱʽ򣿡
īҲֱ˵ðŲԸҸֵλãƭҽȥ֣СðŲҵ֣ҸǴ
ų۹⣬ҾԻӶŷġ
ͬһʽݣīЦеĽԼǷݺͬһ´Լƶ
ϯԨ:
ȷʵҪԼųҲīҡīҵʵΣһðų߱һָսôиԼȨ
鷳ҽһλ
û⣬ȥīβһ˦ӣβʮôƮ˳ȥ

еѡԼҲѡôһŶӵ⡣
¥¡
īһʵǳŶȸģа˵ðŹģСһմðļˣⲻ˵Ǳɣ˶ô
ų˵ȥīҶɳϵķƿ˹ЦЦδðųԱ̬ҪͰһЩ
пķƿ˹˺һЦ˵õģллȥų
ϯԨͿ̸ĺܿ죬֮ǰͺ̸ˣнʴҪҪһ̨רĻס
Ӧ󣬿ûֱǩ֡
ô졣Ϳ֡
ս֣ǸмллųһŬΪðŹġ
Ϊר׵ԼڣôҲԼðţϾ׵ļ۸񲻱ˣԼһսȥʸ
ðŵųȴӦԼһŵֻҪԼðһ죬ǻ׾һ˼ʻû˻á
̫˸жˡ
ϯԨһ飺ˡ
ϲôոմ¡ȿȲǣոմԼʵˣ΢ԸðһԿɳ
վǰĿʮ꣬ڷƿ˹ҲǸճ͡
Ϊķƿ˹ûʲôֵǮĶûԴƼǵ˿ȴǳࡣ
ûһ֮£ķƿ˹ҪԼԼĸҲֻܵ򹤡
УڸϲӶ֣
ȥԱ˸ղĶȸī⣬ԱϯԨƵ˵
Աųͬ𣿡
֪ˡ
һ¥

ֻ˴ȴ߲ʮֵİצЩнɳϣֻצӿˡ
ðŵųҲ̫˰ɣǰˡ㣬ԼһС飬Լ׽һʲôðš
צѹʧ̬ʧ̬ǻԼӡ
Ǻãҽīңðŵĸų
Ϊðŵĸųųûʱ֯ҪЩո齨ðųԱܵһů
ĬԵͷȻһֻǳó˴һƬ㣬˭û뵽ġ
ںͷצһģīҵצĴצ֪ˡ
㡢ãҽ԰צĿİĻش
ҽаȣɬһЦӯȹڿתһȦ΢΢ͷһѺõǡ
μ棬ܸʶǡ
ȸ裬԰
ϯԨ¥ʱ򣬿ľǻһĻԼԤҪ࣬ٿȥڵͦǢ
Ŷÿ˶ԼС⣬ܻסٵĿͻǱܰ⼸λһ飬ҲһԵ֡
ʵҪΪԼðе滮뷨ϯԨһŪôЩɫŶӶλȫĳԱ
ųһ
ͰǵһμۡվҪһӡ
ÿԺͬ顣߹ȥôҶ
̧ڿдһ֣˵ðŵųۡ
ͰҶǵͶ˵ӭǼ롣
ЦҽпԷƿ˹պųǩúͬʲôҪҰæҡ
ϯԨͰȰѺͬȻԼǩٸ¡
Ҽ򵥵ĽһðݺְīǸųҲڵʱҡ
īҶԴѺһЦ
ȸ踺Ϣһ飬԰˵ˮ׼Ųö͡
ȸԴܺİš
ʦв˶Ұȡ
ִЩԾԾԵĵҲҪһκôҵġ
еάޣɴκλеⶼ
ų̫ˣԼش󣺡ǣųû⡣
еսû⡣
жҲṼųΡ
Ҹͳ͹ԼָսϯԨ˵ţֵʱұȽæǰڹҪǻɡ
īңҲڣӾͽˡ
īһ£û뵽ϲô죬ԼŸռŶӣôԼ
ľӣһ䣺īң
ǣⱾҵĹīæӦһžԲųʧ
ⲻǱԼĺûᣬҲЩЦԼ˿Ǻںһ岻ܣҲǺܺõġ
ϯԨīʲô⣬ðעҪڣֻҪɢܾͶûʲôϵ
ǵǽ־ͽӺţļ۷ĿǰA5ĴһĽͶӰ
ҪĿľȥӴ￪ҪصͱҪ豸ǿǺԺк嵥ҡ
Ȼʽ㣬ǱҪҪĵط豸۸ѡҪġԼ۱ȸߵģ嵥ʱǵдϼ۸񡭡ϯԨ治ɫ˵
ʲôʽ㶼ƭ˵ģϵʽޣƵ嵥ܻɾһ֡
һļƼĽƣƥǱҪģֻлġⷽĿСʵڲв·ǰҲǲС
ϯԨĵַսȺ
𿴴ҶʵȴɢڸҪA5򼯺ϾҪ̵ʱ䡣
ҾA5ڵϵԶ˵Ӧȵġ
ī˦˦βͣA6ҲԶ
ϯԨ˿ȻǿŶףôûаĲȺĴڡ
A4ǽð¡
仰ϯԨˣϣǰԤ֧һнˮϢŹھ״һЩ͡
Ŷƶ˳ˣѹֵͬ룬ҲҪԼ
ϯԨֱӻ˵һµнˮԻһķʽA5·ⷽ߹ѱٷ֮ʮ
ų̫ء
㣬˵Աٷְ٣ϯԨ治ɫ
ǾʮڼϣīҴҵְô
ҡͷ
һ¡·ѵ˵·ѱٷ֮ʮ޷ⶥһǧǱҡ
ʮ棬ҪҲѾҳˡ


76 
ϯԨ˵, ʣµʱǡi
Ϊո齨ðţ֮以˽бҪϾ֮ദʱԶԼҪöࡣ
īҿȥ, Ч, īĺܺãź˻ϵʱȵȡ
A5õǵǰҪ
īҺȸۺ, һ嵥͵նϡ
ϯԨ㿪һ, ҪĶ٣⵹ûϡ
Ͼϳ˻΢߼һЩĶû, ˽, ΨһֵǮľǼųԸ߼ڡ
嵥һúÿһ, ٷظ㡣
īұʾɫǱҪ, ɫǲżģɫ˽, ų㿴Űɡ
š
ϯԨ˿ûǮԼӦǵĶ, ǵټһܻ׺΢ֲ԰, ׵ǼҪ֮䡣
õġ
ʱ, һҪ, 뿪˸к뿪ȥһط
ýƽ̨, һЩΥĶﶼ൱Żݵļ۸򵽣ϯԨ˵ǳ㣬ĳЩڳڲǷƷ
ûЩС, ֱ֤Ĵ, ߽ȥܿһӭ
ӭ, Ŀͳ, ҪЩʲô
ʯ뿴Ʒʵʯ
ʯڳڲܹ򵽵ģƷʸߵʯսʣûһǲܹģϯԨҲ뽫ۡͱٷǰȥ

ʯһΪʹãһΪǰµǼʹ÷עǶʯʹַ߸ʡһЩ
ֻܹʹõʯ˶ʯȼĹٷ֣ƷҪAϡ
Bµʯ⹺򣬵AϵľҪƾݹ򡭡AϵĴƳ涼ڵ۹ٷǼǣͲܹʯ
ֹ󲿷ֵжƵĹ涨
AʯƷʿ覣̺ܼAܴﵽ۷塭SƷϡ
ϯԨ꽻гƽ̨վ嵥Ʒ۸ȶһ£Ĳࡣ
嵥ƷֵһԼǧǱңһЩҪ豸ԾǨռĴͷһǧ
ռԾǨ棬ܹǼ֮пռԾңԶľڼʱڵִڲֽ׶νΪ߶˵ĺзʽ
֮⻹һЩģʺеȵȡ
汾ģǽпռԾǨʱʹõȼϣԿΪλۡ
ϯԨ嵥ٿԼ˻üЩ̾ò˵īҽ嵥Լû취ܾ
ûпռԾǨ棬Ҫޱ߼ʵǺ֮кУǵ·ϵʱͲ֪ҪáǱ೤ûûгԽʱ˷νǼʺС
һ嵥СʱҪƷϯԨ˳
ǩտݡ
ýڣ佫ֻԼСȸߵԲλ濪ȻһЩָҲָֻܸֻҪտҲ͹ˡ
ܿ죬ϯԨҲˡ
ƴĺһԺɫۡ
һһֻʵܹƷĿռť·Ǻɫģһڱһ۾ܹĿռָõĶࡣ

ֻһߵڣǰϯԨġ塯ʱŶں˵
ĺܲô͵鵽Ү˹һʼĿˡ
Ī˵ⶼǶӳĹͣҪǶӳҲô񡣡
ûʲô鶼ϣάҡͷ
ԼΪܹ¶ݣܰǵĵطޣܶʱֻܿϵҲʱ䶢ǵиˣܹװ
ҽ˰˵ǫˣάʱжæұ
ˣǼȻѾҵҮ˹䣬ô뵽ȡõİ취ûУ
ƻŻ֮УȻڲͻƣִйٸ²Ǹ֧ԮôǾʹ㡭ǵļƻ˵һ顣
ҽ족־ûɫǵ϶ˣ˭ú¶ǽϡ
ȻԺٿϣһܹ겻ô򵥣ֱӴ̫ðˡ
Ҳͬǵļƻ
ά˵һѾֹһκᣬǵǿ϶Ѿˡ
һжʵ̫ðˡ
ϣάͬҽĿ
ƻ̫ðˡ
ʱܾãǺ͵۹߲֮乴ĻԵ۹ʵôֻҪ򣬾ζᱻҳ
ô졣üܲǺɡ
ҽ̾Ǹð취
ҽģ
ϣά취С
ȻóƷȺͺҪá
ôǱңҮ˹ıֻͷ۾Ǳң˵ⶫˡա
ҽ˼һ˵еġ
𾪵ĿҽǾȻôǮ
ǰǱֵҲʲôԤ㷽ȥִй˵ܾģǰǶҪõ֣
ࣺǿҪܶǱңǵľֶ۳棬۳ǶǮգۣ˭֪ⶫ᳴Ǳҡ
ĳǸǱҶѣǶʲô
ҽҰѻ˵ꡣ
Ԥ㷽϶ҲֹģǸ֣Ҫ׼
Ҳ˵ӲжܱȸǮãţҲ֪õĽܹӲûа취İ취
ǰĴƳ棬һķʽͰţҪֵĻܹﵽǡ
廰˵ֻǣа֣᲻̫١
Ҳ֪Լ棬϶ࡣ
ⷽάôģҪٰ֣Ҵ˲Ƕǵİ֡
***
ӹԢѧУϯԨ̤¥ͱܼײˡ
ɣҸͿˡ
£
û¾ͲôлҪ˵ܼһ˵һ߿
ϯԨ뿴ܼڸʲôҲûз˳ܼ˹ȥ
ܼ
ڿӰ棿
ҡ
ܼϯԨ˵˵ųҲûܵģԸ񶼲ǻǨ۳͡
ܼɿֽŷû˵˵ЩûõˣҺͰ涼һˣ治֪ϣάôԼôá
ϣάûϯԨ
ʱˣϣά㲼ҲӦôá
ܼʣǲһȥôⲻӦô
ǳûûˣ濴һסܼ˵ϯԨкҪĻҪ˵
ıܼ࣬˼֣ǵʲôҪԼ˵
ϯԨʱϣά£ߵǰڳһ̬
˵
⸱ģܼ֪ô˵ˣջ濪˿ڣʶʱ䲻̣Ҳˡ
仯ܴ󣬺ǰ̫һ۲ǷܳΪ֮еһԱڿǺǡ
ϯԨû˵
˼Ļ򵥵Ļ̺Ϣȴ٣Լ֮ǰȫûвҲ˵ȫûвֵֻܼĺһ۳ûʲô
Ǳ̬ķһ
ܼ˵AƵľ׼̶ҲӦñչֳĸǿɣҪǿ۳棬ʵݵλϡ
ǣ˵Ŵܼ棬¶ЩζЦ⣺ֻǣ
΢΢ҡͷ˵Ȼֹǡ
һ֯ɣҪо۳桭ԱǲԸʱ⡢Ե۳棬ϱĶ࣬ǵҲвͬһġ
ܼϾܿ֯ںˣݸвͬ¶ͨ۳档
ֻ۳ﾹȻҲжƶȲģΪΪȵߵ۳棬ƶȵӵ߲Ŷԡ
ǲ״ϯԨ˵
ܼһ˵㣬ôͱָƾȻȢһѵĴƳ档

ܼ
⻰ܼ˵ǿһŶȶûУ湴Ĳô
ܼǿʲôǺһЦҸǺܴģᱻʲôˡ
棺ΪɣôΪʲô
ֻǺȤѡûֱ˵ƳһνںͳڸһΣĶν
۳ֻгʱŻᷢһΡĽʹƳڵĽǳƣ;˫ɱ
˵Լ٩٩̸ȫûƽʱİ
ܼ濪˵ʱһ޿ı飬֪Сòһ֪濪˿ھûôͣ
Щļֻһòͬ۳⣬ֻ۳Ȥ
ϯԨĽζ
ܼϯԨĻһҲ⡣
˵ĸպ֪äھԼǱһһֱϯԨڵһλ۳ԺҲûǡ
ֻǺܿϧ۳ʵһȤҲûУѼϣȫǹ۳澫оԼ۳ʹƳ۳档
Ƴ۳ĳɽ۱˲ȫĽϯԨܲĵ۳ʹƳʱôʾġ
˼һʱ˵ĶһЩ
˵˵ţԼ첻оġ
ûϵ˵ҲܸȤرᵽ桭ϯԨЦЦ̫˵ǵ֯ô
㲻Ļǲܸ㡣ܼǵĶԻô˵۹ֹⷽоҪȥô졣
ֻƾЩҸҲвǰɡûܼסЦݲ䡣
ӽʼܼ˵˺ܶ࡮ܡʵЩֻһ֮ʣ֤ݶ㲻ϡ
СĽҲǶԵģϾ֪֪治֪ģʧûϵݱ˲鷳
˵ĶԣҿԸ㡭ıЩᣬ¼俴ܼ˵Ҫ˵ɡ
֯Щ˵ڰΪʼߵ۳׵ķ˿ΪоȡֲǺ
ǺЩģôжĻô˵
ΪʲôҪ˵Ҳ˵ܼԱһ㣬һ䡣
񲻶µʱҲˣԼ˵ϯԨֻʮҲУȻǲܵġ
ô˵ڣϯԨǵı־ЩЦ˵ó档
̧һܼһ㣺ˡ
û档ܼסĳ嶯ڿɲƽʱϯԨʱ
ðɺðɣ˵˵
ܼ飬ֱ΢΢ǰ㣬ŴһӲЦϯԨ֪ô
һӡ
ϯԨ
ڼһ飬˻ش𣺡ףָǵһγ۰ɡ
ô˵ڹȥΪף׳ͳε۹ûûкĳ塣ܼ˵׵ϯԨĿȥ̫𾴣ƽʱķ
λ˽ⲻ࣬ڳʷλļҲǳ٣˽Ҳûط˽⡣
ֹֽоᡯ
ܼ˵굹˻ȥʾ濪ڡ
ף˵һЩԶ׺ͼ£λ׺ڵ۳ȫһΪǿʼоһй׵ļ¼
óһۣ۳ӦԶֹӵеģҲоĳ㡣
ϧʱ̫Զ¼ʷݿֹ٣귢ʲôҲö֪
ϯԨûпھܾҲûдӦ
סо᣿Щǳڲ飬Լ֣ܼڵ֯ʲôԼ޹ء
룬ԼƺӦþܾ
ܼһֱ˵ʣôģܾǴӦ׼
̬ɵ˵ǰǸ̫ˣ滰
ӲΣҪܸܲԼķ档
ܳڲ۳Բ뵽תУռݵԴȴ٣û˵ѣôǿɶõС
⣬Щϣȴ֮еĸо
ϯǴоԶļ֮һֺͻϵļ嶼ӵйڹȥļ¼
ϣȥһϯҴϵĵطǲһйԼ͹ȥصʷ¼
Ǳߵ۳ͷûϯҵģֻǵλ۳Ҳŵ֣֮ܳĺ츳õȻȲܳ츳ӡ
ϯԨһϼƣ˵ѡ
ôΪȼ۽ǣǿԸʲô
Ҫʲô滺ʵ
ϯԨҪõģϯԨȫ⣬̸û̸
۳治뿪˵뿪а취ô
ܼЩȣһҲʲô
뿪ѣܶ۳ʵ֪ܴ󣬵һܹ̤ĵطֻΧǼź顣
еѣҲǲܼ˵
ҵĻû˵ꡣ
ϯԨȥĻܼɫ
뿪Ҫ뿪ϽA7򡣡
뿪壬ϯԨô뷨ܼ𾪵վ˵֪ôûֻ۳뿪A7򡣡
ţ֪
ܼ֪֪㻹
뿪ǼֻȫǼǰȷΪ̫ӵ۳棬ܹ뿪壬ΪҪȥѺ÷ʡ
ܼĻа취ô
Ҫа취ҲǲԣУԼҲһ֡
üͷ˵ⲻûа취£뿪۳˵Σգ
мҲ֪˵ûУһŭ۳󱻵۹ɾӻΪⳡսڻֲ۳Ĵš


77 
Ļ֮ǰ̫ʱ򿴵İԴ, Գȷܼɵ۳Ҳ˵ǽƢ¡
ѵǺ͵ļһֻϿͷ, ѵô
š
Ǽ, ˵
ÿһֻ۳涼˵ƶĻ⣬ǺʹƳ治һڻ졢ںǺʹƳһĻ򡣡
ʹƳ治ͬ, ûʵԼ
һ۳뿪۹ķΧ, ôһʲô£۹޳Ī
ܹ֮Ϊ, ĽǷֲ, ƳܹŻıԼĻ, ۳ֻܹһϾܵĳֳ
һϯԨ֪, ܹϰں飬ǵһ˵
뿪һûʲôϵ, 뿪۹ڵ, Ȱ÷뷨, ǺΣաǿһ顣
Ҳ֪ϯԨô뷨, Լܼûй, ûݵֶΣһЩҪǮҪķ, ΣղԶ
ڵԼҪԼͷǲܵ, Ͼ뿪ĻҪôѰҵڡ
ô˵, ֹ۳ɮһ, ƳҲûõȥֻƳʵ, ܹģ̡
һῼǵġ
뿪۹ʱ˵˵ģа취뿪ô
С
Ҫй׵׺ôҸȥϯʡ˵ͷ
ϯԨô˵ǴӦˣһɡ
Ȼһʼ;ϯԨӦϯԨԤнȻͬҪЩûס
ϯԨǴӦˡ
ܼ㡣濴һܼ
ܼȻͷһ¹ԡ
һĻܼ́ͷ˵㿴һ£ͨС
ϯԨĹһͼ꣬էһǸϷ
ȥͼ귭תؽܿľͰװĹϡ
ǵרңڵȥĹԼֱҰһ£л
һҪidܼһ֣˵ǹ̶ܳף¼ʱڲͬб䶯䶯ķǡ
Ժ㲻ԣ˫ͼȻͻᵯһɾťϢϾͻԶˡ
ϯԨ
ܼһԿЩ࣬ԭΪҪԼû뵽Լ˵һͼסˡ
ڣҲԿеĳԱܳԱһٶоųҡ
ĳܵ߳ԱĻӭϢԼﲻǸܡ
Ƕ֪ݡϯԨʡ
ܼʼ˵ûУֻߺͱ֪֮˴˵ݣҲȡһidˡ
ܵȺ滹мһķ飬Ҫ鳤ܽġ
ˡ
Ǽ͹Ӳ˵ϸһϯԨ΢ܲ³Щʲôġ
ое쿪Ϣȫһǰˣ˵Щȡ
۳澹ȻҲܹоġ
⻰ǶУ˶۳ĳΪ۳ϯԨ۳棬ԼڳЦԼ
ܼǺһЦЩЦ˵ǴƳҲԣҲǲ
ȷʵϯԨס
ܼһ㶣û뵽ȻˣһõĻ˵
۳ʹƳĲͬϯԨҲ֪ıǸʲһ˵Ƴ۳ҲôĲ
Ƴ۳һ壬ٴҲܱ֡
ڵ۳治ɼȻԼܹʹ۳ǿΪʲôûһֱƳ汣ʵʵ۳ûΣУֱĨȥⲿصϣҲ
ϯԨǰƲ۳ķչΪٿعڴǿе֪󣬼Կ϶ԼĲ²ġ
۳չʲôģ۳ݵĻУܻи岻ⱻϯԨǼ£Ƿڳڡ
ϵ˼˶Լڰʱȱٻƺڰ͸µϣĴڡ
֮
ϯԨоº桢ܼģзǰоеλܼͣǸӵӣʵϢʵ
ܼ˵˼ҵĹǶǴСãǰΪ˰ȥһЩоϣֱӺڽоĺ̨ʵݡ
ов۳ڸЩҪôʵҪôرǮΪоṩǮ֧֡
Ҫҵ淢ֻҪʶ۳ӵģĵط˵Ƭطܷӳúܴ
仰ûлɣܼ˵Щ۳ݲ͵Ļһٶλ۳ɢ࣬ɵλܹ͡ʹõĹϵ鲼
***
꣬ϯԨԼᡣ
ɨһʱʱϢоңҲһõĿǰ飬Ӧ϶Լ˵ֵ顣
ҪǲͽһСı۹ϲ㷢֡ǣ۳棬ҲӲ۹ĳʹ
飬ƷеĶ۳ơ
ϯԨϯԴ˸Ѷͨ
ϯǱߺܿͨˣЩ죺ôң㲻ʲô°ɡ
㡣
ϯԣ֪
˵ɡ
񡣡˵
ϯûӦʲô
ҺϣάĻ񣬶ʲôʱ򡣡
ǲŸն飬ʱ仹ûءϯԸ㲻ڸʲô֮ǰǻܿܣͻȻ䲻Ҳˣôʱˡ
ڿԶˡƽ˵
ϯԼһԼԸģͷ𣺡ڿЦ𡣡
һ棺ҿڰЦô
ϣά׸ϯԨʲôԻϯԨ£Ǻϣάദ󣬶Լǰ˵Ļˡ
ˣϯԨԸҲǼ£֤ϯԨǰӦûЦȷҪϣάƾλá
ϯĸţϵҪ۸
˵˲ôϯһʱ϶û취ȷ
ΪȢôô㡣
ҪȢǴƾǺ˹ͼؼ϶Ҫȶĸ¡أô˵ʲôʱʲôʱ򡭡
ϯƷζЩͬȵȣôЩȲ
ԽԽá
üû뵽ô˽ҡ
ϯűʵֽ˽֪ϯԨԼк£ÿζ
Ϊʲô뷨ǲϣά˵ʲô˼ȥϯԶⲻ뷨
ʱ򻹲鲻ԸŹȥ£Ҫ˵ϣԽԽá
Լ˼ԽԽΪһϲ
ţûǾϲ
ϯԲ֪ϣά˵ǲǾϲԼ˵ֻоûϲ
һ۸˵ҾӦûʲôϣϯüģ˵ʱ֮۸ʹƸæĻ϶ڲʱ졣
ϯԥһ£ûԭ˵
ڵϯԨɲǰǸƢꡢûֺú۳棬ǰֱ׵ıʾͷڵϯԨ˵һ˲֪ôùȥﵽԼҪĽ
ӦҲʲô۵ȥϯԨŵϣάҲһһùӻʱʱ̵̿ľʲôĳ档
Ҫʲôʱ򡣡ϯԵʱ֪񲻿Լ˵Ͱ죬ûжʧ
ȹʱ䣬Ժ󡣡ϯţ˵ʾ˵ϴμ·ˣʱйصûϹ
۸ǱҪϯһºǳ۵ա
˵ˡ
ϯҺͻҹϵУǵ۹壬뵽ϴ˵йڻҵţ²뷱æв漰ϲ㲩ġ
áһͨϯɿȻ⣺ѧУô˵ϣάһȥġ
Ӧദĺɣϣάأôû
ϯԨޱ飺ڡ
ڵĻһ˵ô
ϯԣ˴Ƴֳû뵽۳档
ϯԻҪ˵пվʹϣάԸ۸дƸ˼
ԭʲôȥϯլϯԨ⻰һӦĩҺϣάȥԷ
Ӧô죿ϯԲĿ
⻹һ£Ҳ֪ò˵ǹϯġ
Ѿ˵ˡ
ߣϯû˴ƸչˣǸ˱ķ̶һµʱѾҵ˼ǲȻӻȥ
˵ϯԨĵܵôֱǰϯԨһ
ԣҪѲһЩ
ô˵ܵܣ£ǲӦòҪǨŭϡ
ϯǰǸ̵ⲻһ۳棬ǰĵܵܣԼʲôϵ
ѧУûա
ϯû뵽ڶϯ⸱䲻ȵ̬ȣһΰԥһ˵ϯڼô
ϯ⣿ϯܱǰ۸ϯҲòȥ
һϰһչϯģûնһ
˭֪ϯ᲻۸ϯģ˵ˣϯôҲϯĵĴƸһϵ˲ϯҪء
ϯͷʹܵܡ
ϯǸɽ۸Լտţϯû˰ȻϯԨӦʱ춼ڳ֣ÿһ춼ܽӵķͶߡ
õܡ֮⣬չҲһ
ϯն£ϯԨЩ˵ңǼҵû
ǰҲ֪Լʲô
ҲȥҼĩȥʱҪǿʲôóֵ۳棬Ǻǡ
ϯԱһ۾㵵ԭϯȥϯ뷨˲ɢӰ١
ϯԨıϣܿڿЦ
ϯԿЦû̸ˣ
ϯ԰Լٵķϣ˼һ˵ϯƢǰݳģԽԽ޼ɵ
ϯ붮˼
Ȼø磬ҲĶ֡ˣҾȥ۸ܾܲ𡣡
ʱϯԨ˿ŵ
˵ˣϣάˡ˵꣬ҲϯӦֱӹҶϡ
ϣάŽʱԼ˵
ԨϯԨ
Ӧһ䣺ţҡ
ǸһЩˡϣάҪģͺҽԳԷסϵʱ
ԹûС
ϣά߹ȥסϣά̾˿ûУһԵġ
ûˣ֪Ҫʲôʱ(-)ȲȻڡȿڲˣ취ˡ
ͻȻסԼΪϣάѾϰˡ
ע⵽Щ۵ӣ̲סִ̧˴գ𣿡
šۡ
ϣάǺȾôеľζϯԨ˳
ûУǲǺȵġ
ϣάǸԼ˳۵ĴƳ泤ţϣά͵
òһˣԾȥ˼ǡ
û׷飬ҶǳˣȥﻹҪ㱨˵ˣԼҲͱϣάһѡ
Ҷˡ§ϣά°Ϳļϣ
ΪϣάУͳ˶Լ
۳ǴƳȫ޷ֿĴڣϯԨ֮ǰӲϣάҲӲɡ
ÿɰ
ϣάȥʲôȸԵġ
ҿ԰æһЦ
ϣά߾ܾĻô˵ˣ˭ܾܾϯԨأԼܡ
á
ϡ
ҹ
ڻϯԨȴ»ݸ
þϢذڲʵϣά⣬ʲôû·۳ϼֱѧͬº
ϯԨϱǵ򣬻ǸȽϴͳĻˣԽΪĿĵ̸ˣåûǰӦõ㵽Ϊֹ
ȻѾŪСӵ˵⻰ʮֵû˵ȻԼϣά֮Ӧѭ򽥽һһ˴֮以ӦܵĹϵ
ĴƳ۳İⲻָϢغ;ָϸܵΪܵӦϣάϣάȴûߴٹԼ
ϯԨ֪Լ⣬Լһ˼ȥǾûһ㡣
ֱǰһˡ
ϲϣάǺϷδ֮Ƿȱ޷Ǿ߸ʽ˵һһŽ֤
ȵȣ֤
ˣȻ첻ɣԼϣά֤֤ǺϷ¡
͸ôˣϯԨȻԼ׵Щ̫ˣϵľҸȥ֤
ôһ룬ӾͲ

ڶȻʣƣǸӡ
ϯԨŲţǴЦһ·鶼ܺá
ξͺеıžͱڳϣάЩ
ԨҪȥ
Ȼ֪ˣǾϲ
ϲ
ϯԨͲ׶ĻǼǴģѧУʮӾ͵˵ط
˳ŻûӦϣάֱĵǼǿȥһ͸õʱˡ
ǼǴ6Ŵڡ
ǼǵĴƳСһʱ䣬׼ʱϢͼһֻ۳͵س嵽ԼĴǰԼ˵
ҵĴƾǼǡ
СҪ°ΪʲôǼǵģֻ۳ǲżһ㣬Žİɡ
һμ۳Ǽǽ˷ܳģǺܰĴƾˡ
ҪżСջ֣΢ЦĿǰԡ
ע⵽۳ĴƳʱЩĽ˭ϣһ۰Լ۳ء
ǸЩż۳񣬻شԼûֱߵĴƳŰϡ
С۳Լ˵˽ˣᵢ̫ʱ䡣
Ƴ۳Ļס۳֣۳棬ڲסЦ⣺˵ľϲ
ţϲô
Ϊʲôҡ
˵ˣͲǾϲˡ۳Ƴͷɫ˵ȰãҪԱ緹ʱ䡣
šƳ䴽һЦ
ԱСо緹óԣԼҲء


78 
Ϊϸڶ, ҵĻǼǴԱСųľĴ
Աߵһһʽݵıݸǰ»
, ǵǼǱ, Ĵƾдһ¡ڵǣҵ죬°ࡣ
дٶȺܿ, һĹͱ½˻
Сӱ֪ǵ, ۳ϯԨƳϣά˹ͼء
鷳ʾһ, Ĵƾʾһ, ߻ɨ
ϣά, ׼
ѹֽϳŵʱ, ԼûС
šϿ̵ϯԨ׼ϣά, Ὣժ
ɫС࿴, ÿλ۳ĴƾӶһ, ΪÿһǶһ޶, ϸڴȫͬ
, ʹҲȫͬʽʽ, 嶼ԭλ۳¿϶˲ٵ˼
Сϵͳ۳Ȣƾȴ֮Ҫ鷳һЩҲ鷳ȥ
λһ, ûĻǩύͿˡ
ϯԨϣάǰͶӰĻ, ĻϵϢǹԼ, һֱ·ܿɫύť
û⡣ϯԨһĿʮпȥ, ǩ֡
ϣάҲû⡣
ύťȥ˲䣬Ļϵݷ仯ǵĹյԻǼǴĶţǸעɹϲһĻ
ϯԨԱɨ󽻻¸ϣάá
ºŵ㿪ϵϢҲʱȻֶһϢϢǹڲƲתġ
ʲôϸԱ
ϯԨ£ɣֱ߾ͷһ䷿䣬רæգһΪΪΪ֤Ƭ
Ȼô˵Ŵƾȥյ۳Ҳһһ룬ϾƬҲһҪģĿֱӺϳϴ
ʱϯԨѾϢ
̧ͷл鷳ˡ
ÿҵĹ
ϯԨǣϣά֣ŰԱָķߣȴղƲתЭ顣
˵ļһЩǳƳ޸۳ҪԼױģӵи˲ƲĴ̣ƾôܹٷ֮ʮ
Ҳ˵ղǩֵʱ䣬ϣά°ٷ֮ʮĲƲͶԼôôҪһ
ƫƫ⻹ǵ۹ɹ涨ģ˽˾ܾܾܾ
ڿϣά̩Ȼȫûò˵ӣϯԨг⻹ЩѪⶼʲô¡
ǰԼôģѪҲҪԴƳţżµʱ䰡ǩ־ͰԼ˸üǮ
ԼߣֻϣάתԼĲƲ͵ֵϴǰ۸̳еŲй֮޲
ǮִţЩ벻̾˿
ϣάһʱע⵽ʣôˣ
ϯԨ񣬴Ϣϣάôô࣬ȫתҡ
ƲתϢÿһдǱҡвλĿԴڶ
ϱǮѹеʵҲͦġ˵ˣϱôܽгءԣԼôֶ뷨̫alphaˡ
alpha׬Ǯңomegaò绨ΪalphaԼԲܾ
ϣάΪʲôԭ顣
룬ϣά𣺡һǹģеǾá
Ҫ޸۳ƾҪ㹻ľҪзĲƲܼ޸Լϲ۳档
ΪƳ棬͸Լϸõ
ϣάԼþЩȻʱûҪ޸۳ˣڿʱľֱȷѡ
ÿһƴӽӿʼͲͣܣû뵽֪Ҷôࡣ
ǼױϯԨƤһ顣
ϣά̬̫Ȼ˼ûԼҲҸ۳Ȼ֪·ôŤĻš
ЩĶҲҪһ䣬ûκοЦ˼
ϣάǰ˽Ȼ֪뷨Ϊֺ۳治һ̬ȣԲŻ̲סע
ҵΪĴƾҵľġϣάĿ͵עȻ˵ΪʲôҪҵġ
ϯԨ˸һ˵黰ڷ档СƺȻǵһϣά˵ǰܺһô
һ˵ðɣҵĴ
ڵԼô˵ϣά뷨ı䡣Ȼ͵ԼʱæһӰɡ
ЩþģΪˣϯԨ֪սжΣգοϣάһһӾӵײнλá
ϣάǰԼ޸ʲô۳ôҷԤôΪˣԼʹҲɵϣάȥ뷨
Ϊ⣬ϯԨɴԼ۳ǩǰʵһֱⱻ۳档
ϣάץס˴һĲȻЩЦҲȷЦˡ
ûУ֮ǰû֪Ĵ𰸻Ҫҡ
ϣάƶҡ
ϣά˵Ż߹ȡ
Ϣʱ䣬˳⣬û棬ȥ˻ᱻΡ
šԼȷ̲סһ㣬ϯԨشĺ̹Ȼ
ϣάԼǱһֺƣƶ伷ռеλãǰ۳ռƬơ
һŬġϣάϯԨ΢΢һ֣صŵ

⻰ʲô˼ԼǸ˼ô
ֻңҲһϺܺõϣԨȢĴƳһ£Щһ¡
۳涼еģԼȻҲҪС
ϯԨֱĸо
Ӧû˶ǮЩ˵
Ҳһ²ʱ䣬Լ˽ڵǱң⻹ֻǰͶ룬˭֪ڻҪ١Ǯͧɴסլ۳棬ԼӦòܼҰɡ
ϣά˼˵ҽʡﻹС
֪ˣ֪ˣһʡݶԵ
Լֻû۳ֻڼҵ׳棬׬Ǯ鸴ӡ
ϣάֺÿǮܴϱңڵԼ֪ᱻĽζЦѡ
Ⱦͷյķ
źзӰʦƳ˺һûп»
˵λ۳´ƾôôһ·ôߵˣôڶûг
׼ǼǴСϢʱ򣬷űˡ

űƿһǰһ߽棬ڷ۳ֺƳǣһǹЦôܺá
ܲã»֤Ľ֤Ƭ
ϡ
ӰʦָָһµĳΣߵǰͷ׼ǣһһЩλһЦһ¡
ǶԣղǼˮɵ¡
ӰʦĻϯԨ΢΢ͷϥϵȴǸϣάϣ⽫Լһİ£һݸ
һ
Щ죬ӰʦƬðЩ뷨
ԣԼܼǣ۳µǼǴƾյĵط˭ͬһλƾΡ
ѾˣϴԺλѯԼ֤ϵƬˡӰʦƳһ˵һߵǰԡ
۳òĵлŴƾ뿪
˺һƬԽԽӰʦԼ￴һˡæڹҳԼƽʱĵĵ־Ȼ󷭵һǰŰ档
ԹЩϯҺ˹ͼؼĴֱӵ㿪ͼŶֳƬϵδ򲻾ǸղյǶô
˻Ŷһ¾ͽˣ԰ҪǽôһϢûУѹǷӳɻ飡ҪľǴˡ

뿪ǼǴϯԨϣά˸ط˷
ѧУô
ûΣȥˡ
һĩϢʱ䣬ҴȥϯģȻùһ䣬ûкʵ͸
˵ţϯԨЦһȥϯҲ㡣
ϣάȻܾ
ǹ֣ȥӰȻصѧУʱòŵУ

ϯԨûã˶˵Ҳ֪˭档
ϣάȥš
϶ܼ档ѧУʶ۳ôּٵİƵֻܼô
Ŵ򿪵ʱĻñܼ
Ͳ´ˣĿɲֻҡܼ˫ֻأɵ߽˵Ļ˭
ܼ߳׵ˡ
¡Ҳˡϣά
ϯԨܼߵԼϵɳüʱ䣬䷹ġ
ܼ˸ۣ˵ҵ룬ϧһ֪ǿ϶ǳԹŻġ
ϣά֪Ҫ˵ʲôȴȻȥˮ
ǿͣ桢ܼϯԨĹϵܲˮûС
ϣάˮߵܼԵ˵¿˾ܸûӰ춼˲һԼȥˣ
ϯԨֱӴ򷢵йϵô
ˮ
ллòĽӹ
ܼ˵Լ
ˣҪϣάˮϯԨϻˣʲô¡
棬㿴ϯԨ̬ȣ֪ҾͲˡܼȻŽ⣺иϢͻϢĸˣҰѡɡ
Ϣǹںɫ⣬ҵ취ˡ
ǰĺʦڿѧº󣬳ɹıܼɫţе˵˶Էж¼õҵܼ¡
ܼһֱڼǸ۳棬ʲô¶Ը
ɫͲһˣѧмβûܼ
ԣǲϲ˾׺Ը񣬿ҲĴƾٵøԼĴƾӣĳЩĵֶϡ
ܼţͱ˵ˣϯԨǴϿεһûλʦɫ
Ϣء
취˭õġܼһ֧°ͣЩĻش𣺡ҵû⣬Ͱ鷳е󡣡
ţҲԣֲһ
治ɫûܼᵽԼһ˵ܼ취һѧУֿϲõҵǺģΨһתľѧĴƳ桮ݡ¡
˵ûô¡ƾֻҪǴƾγҵƿԷŵĵһЩ
ȷҪƵҪϴ涨ʱƵҺµĻֻҪųƬ͹ˡ
ϯԨ꣬Цֻ꣺ӦϢŶԡ
ʲôܼ˼
Ϊ֪˵ϣάҵĴƾ
濴һۣҲЩ졣
ܼһ£˵ôһ£ǲ˵𡣡
ϯԨ򿪹ĸϢܹ鵽ĸ֤ģհûڵĽ֤ȻҲڡ
ҴЦ֤ܼǿһۣȻϡ
ȻġܼһһԼ
֤ܼϤģϾǰҲһšƬǺǣ죬ӦǻǼǴĵġ
ƬģԼǿջЦϯԨЦ濪ġ
ȥǼǴԼˡܼû֤ϵĸڣЩ಻סʣǣô뵽ҪȥǼǽ顣
ⶼǰԺ¡
û죬ôżϣάǼǣǲ̫żһ㡣
ܼƳһ۲˵ֻƳ棬ǰ㣬ѹ˵㿼ûУǼ˴ƾǾûûˣɥż
ǰĽ飬ͬķϣܼԼбҪһϯԨȢƾҪԡ
ҿǵĺܼлϯԨ⣬ܴƾôҪֻһλֻϣά
濴е棬סܼͱˡ
УϲǡϵĶ˵
лл
ϯԨôģȷǼ˵£ܼҲһ䣺ϲ
ǶǼˣʲôʱô˵Ҳѣ﷽ҺͰú׼ġ
ϯԨȻ˵ԼʹϯԣϯԾܾ£ʱǣʱȽϿеʱ򡣡
ʱ䲻ˣǵ˵ˣ뿪ˡ
ܼ붮Цһȷʵڽţףиҹ
ĺܼܲ
ǡ

ܼǱϯԨͳź󣬴ļ򣬵ھʣˣô죿
ν
аɣ㡣
ܼţȻˣҸղǲǸϯԨ㶨Ƭ󷢸ңҸŪģԻš
ҪҪȥһ
ȰȻȥ󷢸Ϣ㲻밤Ļ
ҲУǰܵ
ܼʱɫĮȻĬ
һߡ
ϯԨķ
һϣάûκ䵽
ܼĻôǰ˵ʱܼûпѹ֪ϣά϶
š
ϣάһƣ˸ʵĽǶȿڰԨĻ
ϲԨȻҪ׽ƳܵĽ̵ǲռ۳棬أֻ۳ԼǾԼġ
ϣάĳʲôӡϯԨ§סϣάѯʡ
ΪƨҵҪΪԴҲܺ棬ҪǣҪϣάĳǲҲϣάһر
ڴУϣάЩš
뿴ôҿչ¶Լĳ㲻ÿȴҲ˵飬ΨһĵľǰԨ᲻ϲ

ԡϣάûзԡ
ڿϯԨҡҡͷ˵ȥɡ

Ϊ˲ٵһ·ϷֻаԨԼϣάûȥڴͷ¶󱳣
ϯԨЦá
Լ½Լˣ֪˵ϣάǵ̫Լ


79 
ƹ, ܿļһƯĺǣɫĳϣάĶưɢŴӼ缹һࡣ
ϯԨվĺܽ, ɵĽ, ûֻ΢ĵ΢΢͹ĳһϡ
ָȹ⻬ĴУǱܹո, ƵƳչս̬, ڹʲôǡս
ָĦһʣиоô
ϣά, šһ, ôûо, ڵλñͱλҪ, ôɾ͵ڳλá
˺һûԨһ仰
ϣά, ֪Լڸòö, һֱšֻܹܵϢ, Լƺġʲôָ⡣
Ҫƿ谭, ȴ»˵۳ѹ, ϣάԲס
ϯԨ˼˵Լ뷨֮С
ǵ⴦λ, һϣάϵָʶ˳·λġȻĻ˼ƮԶ˺һ
ֱµŵ, ع, ŷϣάķӦЩԡ
ΪϿȻ, ܲסӺýݼϯԨ, ע⵽һЩ޴ջ֣ôⷽƳĸоС
ԼղŵΪȥֱռûʲô
ĸλúУʦΪʾôƳչ򵥵ķǴ̼Ƴڵĸλá
ֻҪİȥɴƳٺãҲ̲סų
Щ飬Щ񡣡ϯԨɰͰ͵Ľһ䡣
ȻܿϣάܣϱԼĵطǳǳ糺죬ûöϣάƺЩ⡣
û¡
ϣάһԼЩƣεһ
ϯԨñֶΣĸҲˣ᲻ϣάȴֲòôƿģôϣάˡ
գ˵Ҫ˵Լ
ܵйģϣάЩģʱʹʲô˿ڶĴƳԲöþͻϡ
Ȼô˵ǽۡ
á
ƳĳǹƷսս޲ʤͨ´Ƴ治¶ο۳ǰ
һֱԼû뿪ϣάǰֲɵսǵһڷսʱչЩš
ûڳϸϾﲻսϣܽȻıչڰԨǰ
ϣάɫĳƿһ̣ϯԨ֮·𿴼һֻƼĺӯĳԼǰĶţǳɫâ𲻶
Ǻĳ򣬵Щ״խ¿ûкԲ
Ưѿڶ
ǶԳ˲ӶſԼеһжޱչʾ˳
ϯԨȻв˵ģԺҲϴƳսʱƵЩ棬ûκһԳȵһԡ
ĿתĿţ޷ƿԼĿ⣬úõĹʧʱԶƬ
һ̣ϯԨƳλõѪʱȴһ
ӽЩѪ˲
Ѫȥ¶е˿ڣԳ㱻̶ڼһսϲ֪ظٴΡ
۵ͬʱ־ٶȡ
ϣάĿ佱һɣвֹķϲãԨ˵ƯǲǴϲ
Ҳ޷ӿƳ汻۳ĶɣϣϯԨĿһֱϲһЩΪȥȥмһ˵¡
Ԩǰϣάȫ޷Լһ̬۳ǰԸС
һôû£̧ȥ
ϯԨûκԣƷĳĳɱôֱˮСᱻ۶ϵģ
ȻԼ֣Գ˸ѵ
ֻıԵǿ޺ĳֱӻʳָѪڳϣһϣάϡ
гֵѪζϣάһֻԼͰԨԨˣҪתȴһְֻס˼
ģû¡
ҲԼܣ˵ߵԱߣһֽ뽫˿ϵѪɾ
ҿϣάץס֣ڿ˿ڵʱ򣬱ϵĳ£üͷɵš
˿ô˵û¡
ֻǲСıˣĳƯɱҲʮ㡭ϯԨ뿪Ц˵ţȴͻȻ
ϣάͷסʳָ
ָⱻȵĿǻţʪȵĶ˿ڴٳֵʱ򣬸ղŻѪ˿ֹסѪϯԨǵСڴʱ֪صȥ
ϣά΢΢㶡
ԼվţϣάţʵֻܿϣάķԼСԼ˿ڵĶ
ֹסˡϣά˿
ϯԨ̿˵ǸԼŵȴϣά
ֻСˣı˿ڵȻԼͻֹѪˡ
Σա
ĴƳ治ͬĿһۣϯԨͺС۸ûüۼǷ飬żӸɰ
ϯԨЩģǲ֪˭ëӡ
ͷһüģΪɵ˵ϣάһĨЦ
֪ˡ
ϣάȫʧȥ˷Ӧ۾΢Ŀ
ԴӡͬӡżеӵҹӵߣϯԨûκԽΪ
ϣάһΪϯԨǲǲϲԼȻôȫԼûӦҪÿϻ˯һϣά̲סҪ˼롣
ϣάãȻ޴룬ϯԨеĹһɨգЦӯӯĵǽȥʲô𡣡
ǸܾòϷ֤Լǹء
ĹϣάЩأϣά̫ܲ⣬ȴҲǾ⡣
ûϵˣǵ۹µĺϷʲôС
ô죬Сӵ״̬ʵ̫ˣΪСӵİȫԼְֵֻһɫࡣ
ϯԨϣάԼһֻļ򣬽°͵ϣС
£ĳ΢΢һ˲գۼǳʱһɿʧ
ڳʧ˲䣬ĵƹٿذȥ
ڰУԼŵӰϸתЩƺĵ
ҹһҹ컡
***
ڶ졣
̨ϵ۳ʦڸϿΡ
ϯԨһֱάһƣϣά˯ʦĿ⣿ȫûϡ
Ҳ֪ô£Ϻϣάһ̬û˯ͷ
ڻϯԨͷһᵽˡ糯Ŀ֣ʵǽĿҪǴƳϯϣάҪˡ
ȥʳó֮ͣյĸǰ˽ңûüϣάô£ϣάԴһһ㣬涼òС
ʲôʵģҪʳڵϣά˯һĹġ
ϣάĴһЩ񣬻һ˵Ҫ
Ҫ͹ˣ⾫״̬ǿţǿҪ;ԽԽ˫ѹ£ϣάջͬˡ
һ룬ͱƽ
ܼϯԨĺ棬̿бʴ˴ĺ󱳡
㡭һָճھյϯԨĿͷ档
Ҫϣάѹ΢΢ƫͷܼԼĶȲҪ̫óϣά
Ǻǣ˵Ͳ˵ΪҾû취ˣܼͷܱʼ飬ȻֽϯԨļϵݹȥ
ϯԨӹһˡ
ֵܣϺܼҡ
ûֽһţֵݹһֽֽϵּԺһŲһеĹһ۾ܿ
ϣάôˡ
ܼæֽϣάģҲֻˣ٩ܼ¸ѵġ
ϯԨڵһֽϻһڵڶϻһ䡰岻֪̫ˡдЩԣʵ
ֽţֱӳԼӳһߣֽ˺ܼϡ
ܼԼţ˳ģͷ̬Ҳ̫Դˣ֪ΪºϯԨĹϵԼá
̨ϵĺʦԽҺ淢һֻ۱һֻۣ༶мֻ۳ݲһ㣬ݸܲˣ۲Ϊ
ȵ¿Σ
ϣά˯һڿΣоϸʱöˡ
ϯԨѯʣһЩˣ
úܶ࣬ûôˡϣά֪һûﲻ̫˰ɡ
ϯԨûȫģ˵ȥҽ顣
ãû¡
Ҫҵġ˵Ŵ򿪹ԣԤԼҺš
ڸԼҽ
ϣάſڣҪ˵ʲôͱ´ˡ
ϯԨ˵Ķԣ岻ϡ
ϣάεôҲ˵ҿȥôô
ϯԨԤԼҽ˵һ¸ġ
ܼǣ˸ۣ˵ǲǰҵ͸ģ
а棬һڿζûҡ
һڿΣһֱͷűʲ֪ƽдʲôûע⵽ϯԨϣάĲԾֽܼΪûע⡣
ûʲôüͷƽ塣
ܼĲɵģˣҲʡ
ǻǿ԰æ˵ܼϯԨǵðƬңʱͳһɫ
ܼĶţʱ򿴵ˣѵܼ뷨
һ㷢㡣
ϯԨϣάͲˣĩ¡
ˣҺͰĩҲ١ܼЩͷ
硣
ģһҽԺ
ϯԨϣάּ飬ڼϣάʱĵƬʵ͡˳ıģ
ּ򵥵ĴƬֶΣܸ㶨
ĲŽƬܼȥ
ϯԨ꣬ͼǰҵű򿪣ϣά˳
ߵϣάߣ⻰ʵȴϣάҽô
Ҫۺ鱨һ𿴣¿ԷģӦòʲô⡣ҽ˵ţǰȥҡ
һߡ
ĻڵĿׯ԰
յƬʱܼںˮűѹѹĻʣһˮû
û뵽ϯԨôСۡ
ֹܼԼʲô£ֲԼ
ƬԼرȻļƣƬ㿪ڻֱԻ٣ûκγ汣ֶܹЧ
ԳôЩ죿ġ
ܼ˼ָļļƬﻬô벻ļ
ˣͷʹ
ԼᣬͲƵˣô졣ܼ룬˸绰ɰˡ
绰ûͨ
ڶʱһϢ˹
£ţԼȥҡ
治ˣûʱ䴦¡Լȥңܼü⻰˼òԼȥݿҰɡ
뵽ܼһ飬Լ˵Ҳ̫ˡ

ҽԺ
ڼҪһ¼һεģԳ浰ãóԵҩͣ
ҽ˵ĳĶ˵£浰ҪĹȲܳøøôʱ䲻£浰Ҳ첻ġ
ҽίҽϯԨԣȵһ
ܽˣԭΪܴ⣬ǰ۵⡣
һעġӦȥһ۳ʹƳķע
ҽҲû˵ͼʱ䣬ѵҪԼʣϯԨһ飬⵹Ҳء
ҽǸ鲻ӣҲûĻǶǰһ¶ûһεķܻɣ⽡۳ôô
òλЩ⣬ҪҪλҲȥ飿뷨ҽԺһ󱻰ȥ
Ǳ˵ˣ۳涼ӡ
˯Ӧû죬Բȡķʽҽֶ˼䣬´θʱ䣬
ȥ·ϡ
ϯԨ̾˿ҲãСӶû¡
СǻûС̵Сˣϣά˵ΣҲ͸ôˡ
Ժ󲻻ٷ
ŵԼʱԼô棬ϣάЦ
ţ㡣
ǵңһӭǵľС̡
˾ˣһʲôʱϯıסȣߵϣάЦݸˡ
ϣάҲˡ
ֽȥתȥϣάϯı˵࣬˵˻ϣά㣬˾ʲôʱ˵겻㻰
ûϯϯĺܺã˲١
ϣάóһУŵϯĻ˾˺Ҹ֪ϲϲ
ϣάģҿ϶ϲϯıУ¶ɰС
ϯԨһС̵ƨɣЦ˵ﶼˣ壿ýо˸
ֻ̡
ϣάһĸ첲ʾҪЦ
ϯԨЦҪ˼ϯĽҾ˾ˣȻҪ˸ˡ
ϯĿ˿ֿ˿ϣάȻȻ
ϣάССľ˸̫
ϯ׺󣬿˿ĺһлл˸
ԺôСϯԨһС̵ıӡ
ϯģľ֣յ
ϯԨŻСߣֻڼôƸء
Ƹ֪˾ǻҪöóԵġϯָϲ̵˵СŶ
˵ʱϯӳ
ʵղžССҲ֪ǻˣǲ֪Լòóȥ
Ƹ~˾˺;˸
Ƹ֪ˡ
ǻˣܻҪһܳԷϯ֪ϯԨΪССŻģϯԨԼֳڶССܺã͹ˡ
šϯԨӦһ䡣
ϣά֪Ԩϯ֮巢ʲôìܣԨԴϯ̬Ȳ䲻ȣԴܼǣ֪϶ǼС¡
ðݷãˡϣάò˵뻺ͻȻա


80 
ϣάн, ÿ
ôðݷãϯæҡҡͷССĳƺ, ֪ϣάнԼԵ۳ܵϵķء
ϯԨ״, ɫÿס
ϯһЦ˵ˮϴˣȥó
ϣάסϯ, ûסһ, ְϯĲÿڡ
ȥæ
ҲϯԨտ˸ڣû˵, ϣάѾת뿪ˡ
̾˿, ϯԼֲ̬Լɵ, ŪԼⲻˡ
ϯԨû̫, ϣάϯߵĽҲʲô£ȥϣάҲһѡҪദ, ϯҲ
˾, ˸ȥƸҲȥ
ϯ, û˵ͱȥ, ҿѧʲô

ϣά߽ȥʲôܰæġ
ӽż, ϯмĲ֪˵ʲô͵ҡͷò, ҿԸ㶨ġ
Ҫ˵ϯԨ˶СС⣬ʲôϯȵģǾϣάнȢˡ
ȥϯԨһ, ܿͺáҪϯԨ֪Լнæ, ָ಻ˡ
ϣάһۿ˼ɵʲô, Ԩϯ, õġ
һȦһԵ̨Ϸ˲ʳģô඼ϯϣάⲻȥ
ϯӦϣάһЩ߲˵ЩҪϴİɡ
Уϣάͺáϯ̬Щ̫ˣϣάЩЦá
ϯһ£ͷϣά
Ӵż֣ȻܳԵżĲˣϯľЩ
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߽ϣάŷǼս壬Ӵ˫ӵеı
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ϯĵòһֱܲϯԨһʱԸʻ÷淢չ
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ϯԨü٩ˣһΪϯĳȤˡ
ϯǻûãǼϣάһˮŵȻͻسȥˡ
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ǡҡҡͷ
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˵ϯĵԴϣӹˮ˵ҿ˰ɡ
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С̲ôΣյĶĺܺã´αˡ
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ϯԨˮƤһȥһγϵˮƤ𽥳ͣյĸոպãĹƤûմ̫⡣
ƤǩõŵϯС
Ҫ̫࣬ȻóԷˡϯģǶ༸ϸġ
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ȥϯԨ˰Сʱ壬սĹ淨͵ϵľƣΪ˶սŷģֻǰ⸱Ǽʰ档
ϯĻԾգҲѹ֡
ȿʱ˵ҺϣάҪլҪȥϣάͲ׼ˡ
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ϯˣ˾ˣҪ𣿿ǲŻ
ϣάĿǰûԨ˵
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ϯԨΪʱϯȴĳһ䣺ϿԺ;˾˯𣿡
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֪ϣάľǵ˼ʶѡ
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ȻϯԲ£ȥϯԨȻֻ۳棬ԼһֱûֳҪϯڲ뷨ϯҲûԼ
ԼҲãԴֵС
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ϣάʣΪʲôȥҼҡ
ԴȥѧУȥˣ㲻ƸôϯԨĿûа㲻ϰߵģԼϱĴƸǾԼĴƸûë
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һһƸĽţϣάǲӦǸ
ԼȻƸģҪ˵ﻹԼģҲֻʣ´Ƹˡ
ϣάƫͷһߣһ˵ôеô˳ڣҴƸ
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ϯԨЦ̵˵֪ˣһ޶ҶҲһ
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һֻģǵһ˵ȴ֪ôĶЩźһԵģȴֻһֻ
ϣά˵ֻڡûãǵĻϣһöҴϡ
ϯԨ˵ô
ϣάʲôϯԨһ۹˵㵽ʱóҩˣҽ˵Ҫʱҩȳҩһĺˣָ
ʱÿ죬ͻϣάһĺˡһ޸ٿŲԼ¶̫۳£ܶȥĺϵˡ
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˾ˡ˸Ϻ~~ŻʮͯһĳĻбĿɿɰϯġ
ô硣С̵Դ
ϯ͵Ц˵Ǿ˾ˡ
ϯԨһЦô˵ԼˣԼˣֻϣάһֱ۾
ҽҩЩãϣάҩͷ˵֮ǰ֪ٱϴԼ䣬ȻԼ֡
˯ԺϣάûʱĿƣһζƾжЩԲ
һϵĻȱϯԨЦƳһۿ쿴ؾǲԼϣάⲻܹ־˾ˣ˸
ϯͷЩ󣺡ΪʲôҪʾ˸
ˡ
󷢾ԼЩʲôϣάϯҪԼּһԿϷģֻܿڡ
ʲôҲûСϣά⣬˵Թ𣿡
ϯĹȻˣ˵СԴ˵ԹˣƸҲԹ͵
ڳ
ȥ͡ϣά˵
ϣάӦһáЩֵĵôûϯ򣿡
ϯԨͷԼĿ֮ڵķΧϯӰһʼԼڣϯҲû㡣
ôϯıǿˣûǰԼʱһսս

ȳͣලϣάҩϯһźϣά뿪
ϡ
ϣάڸʻϣƫͷֹģ
ϯԨȻڿʵһֱעϣάô᲻֪ϣάʲô
ӳ͵ʱһֱôңϯ£ǲǡƶ
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⣬ԼҸɷܹȥôʵϣάͲôش
ϯԨ˼ţʵϣά㿴ҺĹϵô
ϣάסˡ
Ʋȥ鰢ԨʱݣֻܹϯΣһϯҵĻ԰һξ죬ο̸Ϻá
԰һΣܰԨ̬ȺܶӣǸϯܺԼΧΧ۵ĳ棬ϯ򡭡Ҫ˵ĻЩά
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ϣάֻƾԼյȥƶϣɵһ˵ǴǽǶȵõġ
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ϣάûš
ٴһЩƸˡ۸Ȣ˰ƾҶ۳ܵܣϴģϯ񡣡
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Լü򵥼仰ʵʲôԼҲ˵Щ䶼ǰɢˡ
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ΪԼϯԨֻô۳棬ϸϸдһѣԸ£Щݶ׼ܸ׼ȷ
ΪϵġϯԨĿԼʱ쾪㵣ͬһֻ۳档
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ϣάĬȻһΥĵʵҲûô
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ϯԨ֪ϣάȰԼվϣάϺϾϣάԼϯֵܡ
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ǣϯԷ±ӣЦһʲôʱ
ϯԨϯ˵, Լլ, ￴ϯԲȡ
ϯԶϣά˸кȻ˵۸ЩҪҪȵϲܼ档
Ҫ
ϯԶһԵĹܼҷԸȴԨȥķ俴
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һȦ, ϯԨ
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ǰϯҵĵλеģôţһ΢ĽŲ
תȥǻ·ϣά
ɫװΣĵϣάθ޳򵥵β信ݣƯɫ˫Լʱекüۼ
ϯԨЦһԿң۹á
ϣάܳ㡣
ţҪҪһ

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š
ȥɣ۸߻¡ϯԼҳ̵Դϯһȥ
ƫͷϯԣлҪ˵
Լһϣάڸղžͱˣֻϯԡ
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ϯʣֱ˵ϴζĽָٰҶһֻһġ
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ָϯԾȣЩҪʲô
ûϵϯԨ˵ţֱһ仰ϯԻʵ죺ϴնһûƽϣ㻹Ҫȥô

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ƽϯԲܿ϶в²⣬ʵ㲻ǲ³ô
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ǰǶֵطȤĳ棬˵ɣǰϯʲô¶ĳ
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ûϯ˵Ļϵ⼸ҳֽȴǾϯ˵ԼĴֻ꣬ٲᵽˡס
һγۡסԾǰǺԪĩ˼ԪںܼҲ׵ļأҵݷǳ١
ԳǰļļˮƽǲͬѰġ˭Ǹʱڳ崦ڲսУϢⷽ󲿷ֶսлˡ
˵ǰļ¼ǳ٣ڵǸʱʷҲһƬǿհףֻܴЩϼļ¼ƴǸʱķò׵
ϵŻȥϯеûԶ㣬⵲Ź⡣
ϯվԱߣϣ۲š
ҳϯ̽Ŀ⣬̧ͷô
ϯԵֻģ˵ǶԡȤ
ϯԨûлشȴֱϯԿʡԵǸʣԼһһġ
ܼ֪ģϯԻ֪ϯ֪ĸʺܴ˼ţס󾿾ʲôһ׷Ѱһɵ
ı⡣
ϯüͷϯԨǲѻģеֲܲ˵
ϯ˵ʲôʱ򣬾ͿϯԨⷭҳͷŻȥĶгһ˲ϯҲԼˡ
ϯԨҵĲһǹڡݡ
뵽㣬ϯԷһ£ľһǰûб仯
ûʲôо
ı仯ϸ΢ϯԨ˵ʵֻ²ʱASĽٶ˵û˸š
뱩¶һ㡣
ܷ£ǰĹڵ˵ӦúСˡϯԳ˼Ƭ̣˵ҿܸܲ㻻ʵġ
һǰӦø㣬̫ˣ۸Ҷû
⣬Ҹ㻻һ֡
лҪ˵
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82 
ϯļо, ֻǲǰڷȥŪߵȹϯԨڿϯԵݹЩԡ
׾, ˯ͷ, ȱľ
ȻĹʤޡ
ӹϯɫ
ܴBA, ֤Ǳ, ָճ겻ãŬŬSҲпܵġ
ASɱBAѶ, ߸һ, , ϯԵĻҲͺá
, ԼֻA۳涼SǳϯҲƴ֣Ͽ׹Ϊλġ
û˵, ˼ǷеΪ, ȻȥĽǾ
Ĺܼ, ķһЩʱܹת, ֻһû塣ϯԨϯһĸ߽׹ϯҵ۳ò, Ƴ治С
ľµľӡǣԸð, ⱾɲܴȥϯԶһ䣬ȴûȵĻشüͷ΢Ľ
ϯԨ, ô
š

ع, ܵӦһ, ߵһ߷ελ, ٿžȥϯ˵ģϵľӡǡ
ӡһϣӡĳ澫ȼͣĲƺֽͨġ
ϯԼͶȥԱ߿һȷᷢʲô뿪
ѧϰİľʹҲҪСʱϯԲһֱš
ٻгϯԳȥַԸˡû²ҪȥϯԨĻһû
ֻϯԴû뵽ǣϯԨ츳ٶԶԤƵġ
ϯ뿪һСʱ
ϯԨŵ۾ûкϯ˵һڷĺͼ׵ľ뵽ǾС
ٶȱĸ죬Լڵľ
ϯԨǾϤϾΪԼĹƵ߲εĹ⻹øлзǾʱΪʵƷûٱֹۡ
ϯĹܹϵǾǰ漸вƣһǾˡ
ͷһϵ飬ľӡǲûΪķĶٿⱾԭȴŵĹӣһйġϧԼڵݽӴ
ϯԨ³һĵѾ֮ϲȷһţлᡣ
飬ղŵ£Ǿǲȫһ룬ڻʱ
ʷڹ׵ļ¼û꣬ȻӦܼǣҪ
ϯԨ²ϯҹ׵ļ¼ҲǺڣϾһʱ׺пܻţġûҪ߳ĳ壬Ҳܻǧꡣ
һ磬ͷ麣С
ֽʼ¼⣬ϯԨһµĵϣȻͷֽ͵ϻΪ䣬ܹϯҼʷܹ鵽ʷгġ
ҪôЩҰʷҪôʷ޸Ĺ
ڴϲеϢϯԨĵַʷ飬ټٻԷֱĴʱ䣬Ŀĵҡ
ȴйڡסݡ
ڳԴ׷ݵһǰԶʱɿ֤ܹ׷ݵġ¼ľǰȷĻӦһһǧǰ
ʱĳĽס֮ԻᱻΪףΪһıΪһߡױΪ׿ʵʵ壬һʾΪġ
ǺĩڣΣڸڲʩٽųɡļ䵽Ĵۣ
׺һھһԼ̵ʱػļ˵˵Ĳ˼ͻƵ弶
ֵͬĳ壬ѡܵĿѻر
ʷ¼ϣǸǡס
һļļս˲˵˳Ŀռ亽пƼĸڲֻǿĸǸĳ˳
ӵпռ亽пƼĳ壬ʼ˶֮·֮ǧʮϵеùǵԭʼ
˵齨ʼףһʼĳ岢ûϺԼԵȵνҲԳΪ塢ͼΪӹǼͬˡ
ᷢչڵȻΪŹз˺ԼԵȵ弶ϵԴ£Ȼη忪սȴҲͬս
ǣ˵ĳפһҲֳ鳤λãݱ˽ӡ
׳һӢͳߣš齨ð֯ʼȵȶӰڴڸпʼĳս⻹и飬¼ϻ˵׺æٲᵽ׶Գ顣
ڡûкڣһּ¼ĺ壬ֻ˵ȥѻλôԼĺӣ֮ûйݣ¼ϼصǡʧ١
һ˵ʵһĴڣΪӵͷһУ˲ɽ˵ʲôεԭ
׵ĳֻȼʼ¼ֻ֪Ү˹壬ڵʱĵλ൱ڵϯҡܻҪӴȨơ
һ׳ļ壬һγ۵һҡҮ˹Щ졣
ϯԨ˼
ϧˣЩض϶ģ˵ֻ˼ĳ󣬾ռݵƪ޼
˵嵱ʷ¼ϴԵΪΪϴλô˺ܶ꣬óϢսİ˳һӭͷҲ˵Ĺʷϻԭ

ϯٴ߽ҵʱ򣬿ľϯԨڿıӰ
㲻Ҫңһ綼ûϯһԵ
ԴˣϯЩɸ֡
ô˵ϯԨҲϯҵһӣ׵ŵ治֪ٳͷϯԨأôԱߣ˵϶ûá
ϯԨѾ鵽ԼĶˣҲû´ϯԵѯʱһüѾˣʲô
һ仰ֱϯ˵
ģ
ϯԻƭԼ⻰˵ȫûһŶȡ
ãԾҲȴа˵ţ˵ԼԴѾˡ
⻰ǼٻϯԨҲûҪⷽƭԼҲûô
ϯԣ˶á
죬һСʱϯԨЦվһ½ǣ֪ʱˣҵûȥϣά
ȵȡ
ϯԼʲôˣסҪߵϯԨ
żȥϣάͰһ𣬲µġ˵ϯбһۣ۸Ҫ㣬Ⱥȥ۸
***
鷿
۸Ԩˡ
ϯĿϯԽżĹģʱô
ܺáϯԨ
ǾͺãҪվˣɡϯָָõɳ
һ£ϯĵĻ
νһҪ˵
ϯԨϴ״ǰϯ־µģԼϯǰڳ̬Ⱦ͹ˡ
ϯĶû˵ʲô˵ǼӵĹϵܺá
ǼңҪƵϹϵܺõҲֻһϯԨԺг֣Щò׼ϯͻȻΪԣʲô
˵棿
̸Ϻܺãֻ˵ɡϯԨ⣬ĿƳϯԵû뵽ôңҺ˭һ涼֪
ĿԼϵʱϯ΢ĸоЩ顣
۸֪²Լ˵ġҲ˵Լй¶ϯԨȥ̫쵰һʲô£Ǿˡ
ȻģϯԨߵ۳涼Ҫһ
·Ĺϵôϯûлش⡣
·֣ϯԨһӦǡ۹Ψһ۳Ĵӡǵӡ̣Ҫܼᡣ
ҪΧ·׷棬汶ᷳȴΪԷûа취ܾ
ϯΪʲôϯԨ˼ţƽˮĵҲ
ֻ˵Ρ
˵ʲô
˵ʲôǱԹ·̫ˣ
⻰˵ô϶ܣƽʱ桢ܼԼ²˵˵ЩҲˣЩϯĶУ˭֪ϯĻʲô
ž·ȥ棬ͦϲġϯԨؾ˵
·̬ȷʵȥǳӣô˵Ҳû
ϯ꣬Ĭһʣô
ЩͷԣϯĵЩ󣬸ղŻ˵·£ôͻȻԼˡ
ûദ˵
·ء
ʲôϵϯԨȻԼϯԣоԼץסʲôؼ
ϯ۹۱ǱǹģȫûҪ˵˼
ϯĵָϥãĿ˵·ǰƶάΨһĴӣ̳ľλ
š
ϯԨӦһȤȱȱ֪ϯĿ϶к벿û˵ꡣ
ƶͰ¼ӱֵܣûãΪͱѪΪİƶĴӣпܼ̳Ǹλá
·ģδûпǸλãҪܡ
ϯĵĻ˵ôףϯԨʲôģֻΪʲôϯԼ
ϯԨЦ˵ֺ£ôǿԸ磬ɱҪɫ
ϯԣʲô£
ǳڼ֪쵰ȺԼԸ硯׼û¡
ϯıϯԨĻˣһ۵˵!
дƾˣӡӶУôȢ
ϯһ飬֪۸ǿЦģҪԼ۸϶Լȥ
˭ҪȢ·ƾֻƳƢɲãǧ谮߹󣬸Ȣڻؼû
Ҳˣѡģˡ
µӣϯԨܿͷó˽ۣ޷ǾϯҪߵĵλ·ͼıΪʲôԼϡ
ɶǰԼȥϣάʱһϯĿǰ۳ֻԼĲǵλо̫СҪôǺϯһдƾд̣һӡ
ϯԨҲƢģһ浱Լӣǰɡ
˭ȥ˭ȥûȤ˵ϯľҪ뿪
ϯı̬ˣŭվס
ȻӦϯĵֻű˦ϵ
ϯнп಻ϯԨǺãôһֻ֮Լ
۸Ԩһʱ嶯
֪ԨƢһֱϣάĹϵ˺ܶ࣬ͻȻ˵ȥֺ·вҲ
ϯԼ۸ŭ£ԽԽᡣ
ϯѹŭҲ˵Ĳԡ
ǲǣô۸۸϶ǾǲŻͰԨ˵
ˣϯʵϯԨĻҲǲ⣬۸ҪǹһЩ֮ǰϯԨȥ֡
ȥ׷·ϯԨĸԸͬŹ֡
ۺͻѪ׽ǱǼҸѪӰ컹ǡϯԨϰƶı׼ϣϯԨûѡ
ԡ
ڣ۸ϯ̾˿֪ϯԨҪ꣬Щ鲻һ䲻Ըܲġ
ϯļ˵һΰƶٰᣬϯԨϯ
ǣ۸ⷽһȥͰԨ̸ġ
뿪鷿ϯԨɫת磬ΪϯĵĻԼʵڲ㡣
Ŀĵ뻹Ǿȥϣά
ҵϣάʱϣάϯ˵һں졣
һϣάͿ
ϯԨϣάԼ߹ĵ˵Ԩ鲻̫ãʲô
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˹ǣЦһ˵ȥ˴󲮣ѵѣ¾ġ
ϯԨֻղϯ˵ĶЩƨһҲûȥԼϣάûëǮϵΪԼľżŪô
ϣάüΪƽΪʲôѵ㣬ʲôû
ܾǿ̫ˡЦЦ
ˣ˵ˣղںʲô
˵һͱ֪ͨϯˡ
Ŀڡ̡ǰĴϯġ⣬ϯĵ游үүպǰ鷿Ĳȫûһ
ϯԽϯԨľԽϯĿ϶ûղǸ뷨
ڶһ磬ϯԨֻ֪ͨϯһʹϣά뿪
֮˹ͼׯ԰һ죬ŵϣάȥܸˡ
ʱҪ뿪ʱŵ˼ֻǴߡ
Ƹϲ㡣ϣά˿õĻ˵ٻὫ
ϯԨѹɤЦһ˵˵Ƹѡȷġ
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ϣά˵˵ҰСӵ£˴Ƹô
ᣬСӵ⹫֪Ҳûϵ
ѹǰŵô˵Լúչϣάԭԭ
ϯԨȤ˵˵ˣٹµСӳˣҲס
ô졣
Ӫ£ʮңһ£СӳҪȺܾá
ô죬ʮµʱ䣬һգ۾͹ȥˡȻϣάСӾǸģҲǵĺӡ
ʹٱֳʵҲڴСӵĽ

һĩôȥˣܿһһ
ϣʦ˵һη̵Ļ˼޷ǾǷһЩúýҵͬѧ
۾ĶָܿɣϯԨܼǼΪʲôΪĩֻǽƬ
涨ʦܼЦЦ˲
ʦУʲô뷨˽İ
仰һٴƳ桢۳Ŀⶼˡ
ܼǰϯԨܼˣ仰˵治
ֻ۳Ҳܲ˳ۣʦǣҲ䡣
ϯԨȺãʵʦղǼ䲢ȴλʦԽԽˡ
ԭôܿ϶ԷĿڿƵƵԼ߿ĿⲻڿԼԼߵϣάϣһԼﱻĸо
̨ϣʦܼĻ뵽ǵ㿪һգ۹ԻٵͼƬ
һƳǶɫΪƯģϧûϸԶˡҪܼģ·̵ֵд
ϿΣܻлģδ´Ρ
Ͽڼ䣬·̵Ի᲻ԾĿϯԨڵķ򣬶ΪģϯԨԽɫ
лҪ˵
¸¼ƻɡ4¼ƻһҪӸٶ_(:١)_



83 
¿, ȥ
ܼ˸˵ˣžͷ, һڿιⶢҡ
ϯԨû˵, ܼɲá
ܼǰ̽ӣһļ򣬵ôˣͲԾ
ûʲô
˵ûʲô, ɫѿܼġ
а, ĩ绰ôң
Ҫ㻹һϢҲΪʲô¡ƵҸp, ô˵, 㶼ллҡ
, ȻҳԷô
, һ䣺ʲô¡
ĩе£ûʱ俴, Էû⡣
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ԡ
û£ܼǳȥʱҲ, ֻһԭһԭϣάϡ
ܼ˵ϣάһֱעֹ濴ȥԾ, Ҳûõȥ
ϣά̫, ûʲô͵ó, ϣάֵ̫, ֻϯԨע붼ϣάϣ벻ע⵽㶼ѡ
ϣά֮ʲôϵȥǸʶıûʲôԡ
۳ѧУÿһ춼࣬ȻһѧУ̫һΧȷɡ
Ļ£һڵʱת˲š
ǰܼĽףϯԨУ˸ʵʱԼϯҲϷܼⳡס
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Ϊϯ˵͵ݣȥμһᡣ
ϯٴʲôϯԨֱӾܾˣͲȥϯĻܰȥ
ֻôһй飬Ͳÿˡ߸վܾϯԣҪϯ԰æϯԵ˽⣬ϯ԰ٷְٻס
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һڣϯԶû㣬ʱʱľͻõ绰ƶɧ
ϯԨķˣɴͰϯԵĵ绰ˣôһĶ徲ˣϯҪô׷Ͳϯˡ֪ϯԿ϶취Լͬ⡣
ĩ졣
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õ绰Լһڲ˵ڻˣϯԨһڣҲû룬־ҪŹϡ
ȵȡ
һִֻŷŲš
ϯԨֱӰֻּжˣϯ԰æϯֱۿܻ۵
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ϯԨޱʲô£˵
ϯԾҪ˵ֲһ䣺Ǽ£Բ˵
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˿ϯԣϯ˵ĻֶӶ࣬һϯԽ
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ϣάһ֪ղŰԨ˵ġϯԣҲ֪ϯôǵԨŶý˵ǰϯԺͰԨϵ

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ϯʹɱﵣҪǲȥϯԼŰ죬Ҳˡ
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ϯԨڿȥԼ鷳ϯû⣬ɳϯʲô⣬ֻϯǲ
ЩɵĿ˵ֻǳϯô򵥡
ǡ
۸ֻ˵ϯУ޹أϯЦֿ
ʵҿ㲻ϲ·۸ҲΪϯҿǣ·һܴǺ˹ͼؼʮ
ϯ˵·һγʵߣѪ̳жȣҲ˵ǵһ˳λ
ȢϾһγۣǵӾһεĻ̫ӡϯҪɿ۳ȨǷǳԵģܹڵλѹƳ棬۳֮͡
ϯԨҶûϯ˵Ļȥ
һĵ࣬ںȫͬĳֻӦҸ롣
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˵ĺܺã´βҪ˵ˡϯԨ
ϯһҭЩѽʣ˵ô࣬һ㶼Ķ
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ҵ뷨㲻ᶮġϯȻЩԸӵ۳治̫һֻͬǸóõıȥڸǡ
ڵԼԼڼ䱻ץ졯˶ϯ⡮ʲô⡯ϰΪ̬ȡ
ϯԶԣǿ㡣
ºᣬǵöӳϯʱ뺯һǰ͹
仰˼Ҫϣά
ĻܵϯԨһ֪ˡ
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˵ˣҾͲϣάˡ
סҪߵϯԣ̩Ȼȫûаֲ˼˵ȵȣм£Ҫæ

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Ϊܣ۸տ㲻Ǽ㡣
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ϣάûϴôϯԨһԡҵķ
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ϯԨסС̵ĺ죬òײˡ
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ϯԨ߳ȥڿɳҵϯĵСŴͳһ飬ûˣԼȥϯ˯ʱĹ顣
ϯԨʱϣάŻЩʪĳ߳ëͷ
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ϣάϯĽӴûãɶϯȴ۰Ȼ˵ɿɰСϲϯԨĪеζ
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ϣά˼ϯԨȴǴ󷽷̬Ȼ
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ϯԨЩЦãɸ˵˯ǰµģһһСô졪ȻǶˡ
ϣά˯һǰ˲٣ǻ᷸ϯĵܣҲѹʱϯģ۾¶Щ
ϯԨɤӣ˷еĵƣֻ´ͷǰһյ
ںܾǰһ򡭡
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ڶ뿪ߣϯĻЩδ´лỹ档
ѧУĿҵٴ档
˵ˣ˾˲ƭˡϯճȭͷŤͷϣά˵˸֤
ϣάЦϯĵͷ˵ţһš
ϯԨüʲôʱƭ㡣
ûСԾ˾ˡϯͷ룬¶һЦݡ
ϣάһЦ˵ϯĻȥϯʱӦڼ
ϣάͷ˵á
ϯģŷУ
·ϡ
ϯԨ˵Ϣ˵ĳģǵʱһȥ
ǰСһ£ΪѣȻȱϯĳ˲ϣάȥܼҲȱϯ⻹и򵽴ܵĳ̽
ѾϯԨǱҪѧУʱ䲻٣ɺǰȻܱȡ
Ϊһ㣬̽ϵϡ
֪ôˣǼæģһģٳ졣
Уÿг̲ᡢһߡ
ʱһתܿ͵
⼸磬ϣάȥ˵ǹЩҪ
ϣάԼɫ̫Ȼģ֪ϣάԼϯԨûжʡ
ԼʲôȥϣάҪ˵ţԼҲضá
ϯԨǰӹԢģڹ۵ĹȡȻС
ʮǰԱԼãʮʱڵִﴬǽߡ
ڣʱΪ׼ʮʱѾˡ
Уķڡ
ʱ˶Ѿˡ
ųáīһһк
Ź۵ĸϯԨǶô
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Ǹҵ嵥ҿˣǾôġ
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֮ģų㿴
ɴҪӵ豸󲿷ֶܹʹúܾãҲһƷ鷽Ŀ֧ҲС
ҵĽȹһЩװԼȻȥһA4İǡ
˽ĿƼָ߼żʣõĻԲļ۸ԵһЩð̭Ķָ߶
صǳڡֻ䱸ڣҲһʲСĿ֧˵Ҫˣս׵ļ۸޺ܸߡ
ϯԨ齨ðţڶðŵ棬˽ʵޡܲǰڵʱ̫սӵķðš
īϲ˵ŽװƻһһߵͷʾϿɡ
īҵĻԣ˸߶ȿ϶
ƻĲ
ǰҲǹǣɴϵװԽǿԽãϵó׹ǲ
ǸҵΪ򣬿ʵĶǸ˽ΥƷûб˵ɰӣȫΪ̨Ӳ˵Ǳվĳ
˵ڵĴͺɫгϵĺкȣֻ˵СС֡
˵һǧһЩð̳˽ģǾλҪȥ֪
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ŵʸ룬һ㱣ҪʲôҲ׶֡
ī٩٩̸˵ʮԡ
ϯԨûᷴټݼƻϸ̶ȣ˲ĸʣ֪ݼƻīӦѾ۹ˡ
ݷ棬ӦǶȸṩ
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ԼڲֳⷽҲϤԻǲҪָӵĺá
۹⿴ݼƻû⣬ЩС覴ãīӦҲܽȻԼϿīΪðŵͬ飬ô͸ǡ
īЦųģݼƻĺϸԲġ
ˣųҪȥ𣿡
ȻûпռԾ棬ǿ߽ŽԾǨ
ϯԨܾã߻ҪûãȰռƻõȥ
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ȸһֱźд£ʣųҪæãʱ㶼ûߡ
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ϯԨ治֪ȸһˣΪʲôд裬ԼӦġ
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Ҽǵ˵ҪȥԣⷽȻԼȥҶȸ衣
ڲ潻ȸҪ֧ȡľҶȸ裬ȸ裬һмҪ㡭
ϯԨֱӰ˻ĴμȨ޸ȸ迪ͨˡǣرУڵž񼶲֣ڽ綥С
ҲƹƱͶʡ
Ҫ˵ʽǲܵģС飬͵˽ǮȸȥͶгһ׬Ǯ߷ֳɣҲǲһ¿챻ͿյС⡣


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ϯԨī̸ڲ, ڼܿī¶󣬱ϾԼĴ󡯵ðųټΪīܸôӵ, ⲻҪ˽̸һ̸
īǲ, Լܲô
ڶڣԼ뿪ӵƱҪīǼЭ
ϯԨ뿪硣
һʱ, ϣάһβ̵ʱ, 
ϯõ׵ľҲͷſһЩ, ֻתᱻԼ
ǡϣά, ԷſǾ㡭ȡٶȡ, ĹоǿϢϢء
ڿS, ȡٶǳٶȴûСεʵ, ϯԨԼһ˿޵, Ԥ, ץסһ, ôǾͳˡ
ڵʱ, ۷壬һš
, һ㵽۷֮·Ǿĸ̡׵ľ˵Ѿһֻſ״š
ϯԨĿ, һһεĿʼǾ, ȡϵѹ
Ƭ̺, ۾, ֻǲС
ŨȲζﲻڣҪȥһҡ
ϯԨ뵽뿪

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ʲô
ƵͨѶУ߽ܿһ˫۾¶İ׷Ƴ棬żŭ⡣
ҽӦóƺı
Ǹ㶼ôͣ𼤶𼤶ľ˸
ʵİ칫ϣеıתתȥĵ˵ҲǸˣû
˵ˣҺܶûͻȻתתô
ֲ㣬ӰŲ롣Ǹʶ꣬ȫ֪ôǸ׵ϲȥЩס
⻰ŪȥȥΪʲô
شǸԹԵ˵ûĳˣΨһеġҼǵҰάִǲȥˡ
ͬ˽ǸǸҲ˽
Ǹô˵Ȼȷ뷨ǸԸûаҵǲ˵ڵġ
㶼֪ˣʲô
Խ򣬻һʸߣǲάˡǸ
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Ǹ񽻴ϣάɵĺܺãǸûвĹϣάһεҪϣάġ
һǸĻ̲סЩϣάΪΪ˳ܵˡ֪а㣬ϣά
֪ˣ֮ǰôֵʱġ
˵뵽ϣάڵܱǸ֪װͷ˵˾䣺άõĺܣ㽻Ҳչĺ˳
ҾǺþûάˣ
ҴߵǶʸߣİ֡Ҫ˳һˣҲдô
Ǹʮ仰û仰ģ˭֪ϵܲš
뵽ϣάȥǰ㱨Ǹ˼һ˵϶ˣô
ϣάɫЩ˵ƺ֮࣬Ӧаջָȫʢʱڡ
Ȼ֪ϣάƻָıԤеĺãϣά˵һ¡
˫SAʹǶԼֽţƷʵʵģָѶȲС
Ǹ񣺡أ֪ʵʲô
ϣάǵԭ֮һǱƳȥΪԼСųĺӣҪ˵һ㶼ǲܵġû취Ҳϣά
ֻһֻݵķ۳棬ϣάв
˵ãһ˵£뵽ȫƫһʼƻϣάԭƻǳµ۳棬ڱ˵ˣϣάϯԨ̬Ȼͬڶ۳档
һϱƽĵͷİɣάʲôʱʧġ
شڱؾᣬô˵⣬Ҳûİ취
ǸɲúŪһǸ֪ϣάûļƻУǸﲻɳӵƢϣά϶ˡ
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ǸƺûлԼ˵Ļаһһһ죬ʲôʱס˵ɡ
Ȼǣм齻ǸͻȻ˵
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˵¼ӡάӵ״̫ãһǷʵУƶάܻԾ
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λŵ۳˭ƽ˵ҪԵ۹ȨԾͺҪġ
ƶάӱγҪСһЩԴγ۵ƶôһֱ罻ȦٳڹҰС
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ţš
վŵ˭ǳ˳飬˵ʵĺܲ뿴Է
ȻڶԷݣڻ˵ĺҽǲܽʵ뷨ġǣ˭վǰģڵĶͷ˾
˹ҽԺԺĪ˹
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Һһ𡣡
⼸г³ֵģҾöҵоа
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άԶԲ۹׷ˣϣάȴС
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ȻǱߵõϢЩǾԼһ飬ǸֱǣȻϣά֣кϣάϯҡ
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һϢ
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ſţǸͷԾˣԤĲ̫һ
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㰮ˡǸƶ
ʦҡϣά޷һΪԼ⣬ʦǰκζġ
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ϣάĬ
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ϣάûϸ˵۳ʲôǸҲܲµĳ޷Ǿ۳ƭƳõ
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ֻҪţڷ㡣ǸĮζԶ
ϣάΪҵѧҿԶһ档
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Ǹ˵꣬ͨ
ϣάԳĬ
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ϯԨõҳʧˣԸôһЩ뷨
ȥ⼸죬һʵʵ顣
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ϣάԼһֱϤ׵ľ˼ôϰ뵽Ǿ˿˵ġ
ǲЩϣάˣӦҪĹϵϣάŶԡ
ϯԨǰѸĹۣһʲôͶͺ׻ߵˣЩ顣
ϣάЩ쾭ȥ۲ۣ
ϣάԼҵĽڣ΢΢ҡͷʾԼû£ȥЩ춼ȥּƻҲֻаԨŻԼΪ˹ôһʱЩԲס
˵Ż̽˹߻վΪϸС崿ۣƯĲ񻰵Ǵơ
Ҷҵģ̽תĿˡ
̽ЦĺʺãϴɩӣϺá
ǽܣǣʶѡ
ϯԨ΢Цͷڳ̽˵ĻһҲţѣǱ̨ǻû׷Է
ϣάǴƵɫ۾ֵá
ǶˣˡܼԶԶľͿϯԨҲûк
滹ûΪǵվſӭϯԨҲûطȥ
˭뵽һ߽Ϳųֱ̽۵Ǵơ
ô
ܼһ뵽Լվºµģû뵽첻һģϡ棬Ϊ׼ҶǸǴˡ
̽Ǳȵβ͵èһըˣ˵˭Ҷˡ
ҲˣӦʶǵġ
̽ǣĿܼϻЦζ֮ǰ㲻ǻҪǵϵʽᡭ
ܼоµĿ⿴˹ϯԨϣάҲԼһ˵Ǵˡ
£ȥñ֭
ܼ˵ţһһͳ̽ҲˣߣǺһȥ
̨
ϯԨ˱ϣάϲĹ֭Աߣ˵ùܼ֭ȴֿտգų̽顣
ȤĿţ뿴ܼ̽ڴʲôա
ǰǰ£֪ûСܼҧгݡ
̽ûסЦ˵ڸаһţԭİ
ΪԼǣǺ±֪ЦˣҲн졣
лҪ˵
࿪ģͶʧر֪ͨڶֲϲQAQ
վղˣ6ɣͻȻй
ps:̨֪ô³˰Сʱŷ_



85 
ǺǡܼЦ
Ц, ŲҰǰ¶
뵽ǣ˲˼ɣ˵Ҫ֪ǰҶ΢¡
̽ʧȥЦݡ
ܸ粻ôݰɡ
ղŲЦĺܿô
ϯԨվһԿǶ죬Ĩ޵Ц
ܼע⵽ֵ, ɿų̽, бһ۵Աߣа
˵ֵܼӢ, ôͱôࡣ
ԼϯԨ, ºϣάѣ˵ûֱӱһ, ôϯԨ͹, Լôù
ϯԨü, ܼһ仰
Ȼ, ֿܼ˿ڣЩԹ
Ϊʲôϣάû浰, Ҫ, ҹʲôˡ
ôôϯԨ˼
ܼⱻĥ, Ϊ浰ϣάҲ, ôûԼһ
ôûУܼ˵
Ϊ, Լ˶ùҲڶԼ˵ǿӡ
ڼûеλ۳, ǿƼ̨ĴƳʱӲܼҲиȨɴƾֲ̿ѵ
˵, ԻĴƳ, ܼٲбҲ²ȥ֡
ܼ̾ǵˮ, ˵Լ಻, ݼʱ׼ʱﱨȻñֵķǳȻ۳СӾҪĥܶԸû۳̼ƽϡ
ϯԨţҲǻ
ѹ˵ܼаˣʱô࣬ȥͷװǱȥ䣬ֳ̺ʹƳõϵĶ
ָǿȵг̰ţܼ˵ȥ˵ʱ䶼ûС
ֻ̨վǼܼԼ˵ĻᱻȥЩ춼ˣҲ֪ʲô£Ѽ˵춼ûᡣ
ȥԼúáϵҲֻϯԨǼԼֻΪѵ²ˡ
Ϊ̫ԣ֪г涼֪ˡϯԨͳ̽һǰ߶ԷûȤȻܻй¶Ȧ㴫ȥ
ϯԨܼһۣô²ֹѧУʱһУҲǣ
Ӱ롣
ܼҪˣȻ֪ô仰ΪӰ롱ʵ̫ˡ
ʲô˼
ûУֻĽѡ
ʱ䣬ԼϣάദʱٵĿæͷˡҲԼҲúϣάȥԼᣬһЩԶ˵ĸ顣
ܼϯԨڷԼ
Ľɲء
Ҫ˵ʵͽҲûʲôãҲô̽Цû֮ǰԣܿ͵Ц
ϴ˵ĶԣĽ
̽յ˵Ҳͽ飬۸ǲͬȢǴƾġ
ˡܼЦһԥĴ˭ĴƾǴƣˣҪǴƲɣ㿴۸᲻ȡ
֮̽ҲǸ⣬Ҫ˵ǼֻǲϲƾʵϼʹϲҲֻȢƳǴơ
ϲų⣬Ҫ˵Ϊ˷۹ƶȣûǸϡ
̽ҧ˵ҲҪƳ档
ֶܼأ㿴ңˡܼ˼˵ϴҲһƵҲɼֻ˼
ֶܼüֶã뿪ǣȥס
ϵ۳ãܵҲģ֮⴦ڵϵͻɺܶ࣬û۳뿪ǡ
ܼĿû뵽̽
ҾĿԴˡ
ϯԨ֮̽ǰ˵Ļĳֻһ°ɡ
̽ͷǵϴԵҳúһѧ
ѧУһ۳ҵѧڵȻҲ¡
ϧܺϴͬѧˡ
ܼ侮ʯ˵ûϵѧУѧҵܿɣƳȥס¾ͳˡ
ҪƳ棿ô죬Ȼҵ͸öˡ

߳ƣϯԨΪȻҪָеǡ
ϳʽ뿪ʼѾȥСʱˣڼϯԨܼվһ
ĵܼͬĿһûֹͣѰӰȥûҵ
пôܼüͷЩԾ
̽²ۣôĻü͹ˡ
ûСϯԨҡͷ
һᶼû棬վĵطȻԶͣҲȫڵڳôʱ㹻ҹ
ѵûܼ뵽ʶ񶨡ĳ񣬰ôܲϯ
ң֮ǰҲû˵
Ҽǵ˵ģǲطϯԨͣºǵĵ̸עֳ
֪Ȼ翴
ò׳ŵɻܼǴ˸кҸλ档
Ӻܼ˻ɫɢȥ١
û档
ܼ˵Լ뿪ʱǣžƱͳ˹
⡣
ٵΪɱܿ·ĴͬʱֱֲӾܾ
Ժ󶼲ᷢˣƶ¿ûôʱ˷νĵط·Ҫгڵĵڶνڣʱڶ
·꣬ʱѡֻࡣ
νѪûȤûԼҵѪĴڡ
ֲûԼʵϣνҵѪԼϸûֳҪôʱȥ̫ãһֵĻԵģҪôɴľûŴ
۹Ҵ꣬ڴʱ㹻Զƹ壬϶ͻܾͨܲѪֶʮģкûȫ
ֻ˵ҵ۳۳̸׾ѪȥѪͲһˣѵĸʵ͵淢ָ
ǻڱԼΨһԣȴĲϴÿһȻ־Ѫ۳档
ǼкͻҵĴƳȻңԶλƳʵȴʮǿ
ҵĴƳ۳ͨǲһģҵĴƳ棬ȼٷ֮ʮ嶼S۳ҲA+ʷϾûֹر𡮲ġ
涢ͷϵʱһֻļϣܼ
棬þãôȥ
ղ㡣
ת˵ҳٵˣʱȥ̫ˡ
Ĳֹܼг̽ϯԨϣά⻹һֻʶǴơ

ǰȥʶʶ۳ͷָջվŵСǶˡ
ȻȫˡĶţ˵һϢˣȻڣҾͲ˵ˡ
ȻֱûټϯԨֱǻ쵰ѡ
***
ĳָֻǰӡ
ȻҪϱҲҪ
УϯԨܿȡᡣǾ׵ݲһʱҪΪһϣάԼ˼룬͵òʧˡ
ðɣȻϣά
˿µĿκ󣬿۳Ѿˣ󲿷ֶǽʼ֮ӸߵĴƳ棬۳ԼĿС
ץˣҲֻôƳΪܷ۳˵ʲô
ΪһalphaôԼϱΪԼܷΪ㣬ȻϯԨϿûȤȴҲû۳һڿϷŷҡ
ⲻ˵ģע⵽鼸ۿɼĺ
ܼ˼ǣ治Ҫ·ദŻָȥӡˣЩĵĿζĽζżԸȤо
ܼһһ
ĵĿγ̽ϯԨֽһϣά뿪
ѧУ¿һҲͶλˡ
ϯܼ죬ͼϯԨѾϣά߳ҡ
ܼЩǣ⼸ôˣϯԨôһ¿ξͰϣάߣڸʲô
еתűʣɵЦ⣺עϯԨĸ˺ţͻ֪Ǹʲô
ܼԴ˺ţҵϯԨģȥͱʳ羰ƬһżЩƬĳƳ汳Ӱ־ԵװԼʶܡ
ʱ䣬͹Լȥˣ
Ȼ£ô
ܼ˻һϯԨϣά֮ϵı仯Щɲʲôʱôġ
ɡ
ܼԶԣһһŵķЩƬܾò̫Ծ
ϯԨϣάǲЩڵĹˣѵİϣάˣЦˣǻ˵Լء
Сʱ
ϯԨĸ˺ȦˣµƬǴ͸ᡣ
ܼǳ鴤ˡ
ϡ
ϯԨϣάȥϴ裬㿪Ե¼˺ţǰðŸԼϢ㱨ǵ½չ
·ѾɹĦ򣬲취ӽ塣
й˻ΪϢתƽ̨·Ըֱӻظ·
ðŵٶȺܿ죬·Ѿɹ쵽˲ߣһðŵҲڲҺ͡ǡ鱨
֪Ҳ֪Щ͵ûйϵȡ鱨ҪǲܴݾߡЩ鱨͵һĶȻᱻ֡
ˣϯԨڽʱ򣬾ܵĲҪע⡣
ӷҲϢһЩֱӹѾʼǰעŵīȸһԸ
жȸڣʡ˲鷳
ںī󣬾ռԾǨȥǺڻȥǵ·ϡڼҪ˿ţٶϺͿռԾǨࡣ
˽ţһοԿԽǧ꣬ÿһŶ죬ҲֻнΪ˷ΧڵҲࡣ
ȽЩ£뵽ǰӦϯԵ£ʮַա
輸̰ɫŽɫµŷ⣬һ뺯
ǰƶ롣
ӦϯԻϯһȥɸôϣά˵
ϣάϴ裬ϯԨڷ뿪ңͿڿɳϣʲôڳ
Ԩڿʲô
ϯԨֱ˵롣
ûϣάߵŷϵĻռʱǻҵģ
ǰƶٰᣬΪף·ᣬϯġ
㣿
ǡ
ҴӦȥ룬ϯԨһҴ󲮵˼Ҫұϯ
ϣά˵ʲôǳǳЦһ˵Ǿȥɣ˵һ᲻ȥ
ʱкͰƶйص¶зϣά֪ܲһ㣬ƶٰĸĿĿյϯģûһġ
ϣάҲ֪飬ȴû¶һ˿һĵġ
ϯԨ״е뺯輸һӣ᲻Ȥ˵ҪҶԳϯ̫ȥ
˵ҶˣʵûҪȥ˻ˮ
뿪ЦʣͲһұƶˣȻͻزˡ
㡣ϣάĻش
ϯԨ˵ʲôȻǲϣάʧˡ

ⲻǰƶ¶еĵһᣬȴܹעģΪⳡᣬݵλ۳⣬иھصĳ档
⣬γۺͳʶ֡
жֵжϷ˿ģֻаƶͳ۲
ΪһΨһ棬γ۵ֶӣΪٰᣬ۵Գϯ˶·ӡ
ڳûкӵ£·ĴҪ
ϯԨȥϯĻϣȻһ𵽰ƶĸۡ³̤밣ƶĸۡһֱ߽
һ·϶ܸо˵ԼϣϯǱܹעԼ˳㡰մ⡱ˡ
ϯϯ˵ϯԿʲôʧ¡
ȥǴкҪһֱҡϯԨӦһƣҲȣֻĵҡűгγľҺ
ϯԣ͵ܣ۸˵ҿ㣬ҾͱҪ㡣
˿ỹûʼ̸ĳ壬ϯԨ㹻Ҳ˶ѣûʲôĳк
ȻģҴӦľͲᷴڡ˵ֻҪ㹻ˣô
ϯԣ
ô˵۸ǱߵҪɲֹôͣȻҲԼʱʱ̴̿ϯԨߡ
ʱ֪ð˷ܵܵǰ
ԨҾ֪϶ھͺˣ졣
˵ѹ˵ҼﷳҴͺãƫƫҪ
ԸҲڰǸողſϯԣͷ˵Ҽǵ㲻ǽöôҲˣ
˵ʲô֮ϯ̻ش𣺡㰢Ԩġ
Ԩ·Ȥļ򣬰Ե
Һһġ
һ㶼ȣ֪ϣάôá˵˴ƾλֻһȢ·ϣάô졣
̫·Ȼվϣάˡ
ǵĶԻԽԽƫϯԲòѵЩҪ˵˻鷳
ֻǣܱ˭ʼ磬ΪĻ˸⣬˰ԨǽҲˡ
ҸտǱ۸أƲûǡ
ҪҪȥ
ϯԨ˦ϯ߼ǶȻͬ⡣
ǻʲô߰ɡ
һߡ
ϹòЦ۸ߺ۳кͷҸ뿪ȥ͸͸ʱۼⷢ
鿪ʵĳڵλȥ۸Цرá
ǲûдɡ
ˣϯҪǰкϯԨҲһ
۸սһѣЦ˵ûУҰİɡ
Ц棺ǰῪʼǰðǺһɡ
Ȼᣬ۳лģȥɡ۸źۼעһϯԨЦļ
ϯԨû뵽ϯľȻˣ׼˺˹ͼؼĺô
лҪ˵
̫ˣʮСũ嶼ȫ˫_(:١)_ҲҪע÷رϺСɰǡ



86 
۸һ, նȻࡣ
Ϻ˿˵ˣȻҪЦˡ
ùĲֹһ濴һ, һƵ˲١
ʱ˵, ϯԨûġ˴ƾⲻǿЦôҲ֪ϯôġ
ϯԱ, ǺϯԨһ, ΡΪףʵסᶼһ㶼ӣƫƫϣѡеĸʻͦ
ЩֵĿϯ, ôϯһֱһ, ʱϯѾ罻Ȧȥˡ
뵽, һ۽켸ûô˵ϯԨ, òǱŰԨİɣֿܣѹְԨ鵭, һ㡣
ϯԵĹʱȻ, ͷһͼ۸Ϣ
Ϣ, ϯ˵Ԩú뿪, Ȼİɡ
ϯ⻰ѯԼͬ, Ǹ֪ǣԼҪߡ
ûѡ񡣡
ϯί˵۸Ҵȥ
ǰŷֿ, ʱҪԼϯԨתһ֪⡣²ϯҪԼһλ, ϯô, ֻⳡˡ
ǰԨ, ǵȻȥ㡣
, Ȼֹϯԣֻܿϯ԰ˡ
Զ̾˿˵Ҳ֪ϯʲô˭ҲܰѰԨˣ
ĸһЩ˼һ˵ǻ֪
ɣԨܲ˵İоû˵»е÷ڵô
ȵȣпܡ
ԨںǰһˣԼȥϣάǼǣǲͼ˵»Ŀܻᷢ
˹ͼؼϯʱ򣬲ǶĴ̵λ𡣡˵ܺ͡һ𣬴ƾλֻţҲ㷴ڡ
Ϊ˺ȹ̣ϯҵĵλ˹ͼؼ֮ϣֻҪ䣬ô΢ĶʲôС
ϯԨҪȢ·ƾһΪֿȵ۳棬ĴʲôС
˵ĺޣֲûӣôһѺܿˡ
Ļϣάô죿аԨûȤ
ҲϯԨû˵ϣάڵĹϵǲ֦Ʋһ˵ˣƱػᲨϣάʱһܻš
ˣϣά·أԼܿʱϯΪ˸棬ϯԨ˭һԵ顣
ʵ·㲻Ҳͦкøеģɴʹ˰ɡļСֹš
һȫ
һۣǺһЦ˵ôȥ
ǵȻΪĿǰѾкĴƳ˵Ը⣬·һⰡٺһЦɷ˵š
ʲôʱûһ£ʱԼ̫ߵˡ
⣬ϻص£ƲƲ˵ʵϴҳʱ˵ģһͷǾȫûˡ
µĴǣֻƳ棬ʶ

һĻ
ϯԨϯԵʱϯںһλŻ۳˵Ż
۳ͿȥϯĲ࣬ڷʹѾЩ仯ϸܿʱӢǿһ֪ʲô򵥵
۹Ψһһλֻͷ֪С
ϯĶ֣Ԩ
λǰƶ¡
۳ķɫɫһ㶼Ǽ̳۸ǰλƶϯҵ۳һǺڷѹϯô˵ҪԼϯⳡᣬѪԵѪ̳϶ԣϯȴǸơ
ϯԨ¡ǰ
һ·ϯ˵˺ܶڻҵ£г˽ۺͳʻϯ⣬йڳҵѪŴȵȡ
ϯԨ㲻֪ϯ˵һ·£Щɱ
ö񡣡ƶĿע΢΢һЦϯ˵ֶӣų񣬺·൱Ҳ޿ޡ
ɲ޿ôѪǿ󣬶۳һھǱòϣԽǳ࿡ʡٷ۳ʹ̳Ѫĸߵ͡
ԭȵֻȴҲǲˡ
Ȼû뵽ﲻ֪ΪʲôòԽԽԭĳϿ£ԭɱڵɲСڴ󻷾alpha׷omega£Ǳomega׷Ǹ
ڵ۳棬ʹ󲿷Գƽ۳һȣͳ۳кȺĴڡûдƳڿʱܹס
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ϯȻܿƶڽ˹º󣬰ƶԸƫϯҡ
罻ϣϯԨʹٲͷҲֳ̫ûзȣҲ̫ϯĺͰƶӡ
ôҪڳһʱ䣬ܹڵЩԼϣ̾˰ɡ
ƶϯ˼䣬Ȼ󽫻ϣ˵ϯ˵㲻̫罻м·ô
·ºͰѣΪ㣬ɼ
ϯʲôϯԨЩ뷨ֻϯĵ뷨ֲܻҪԼ棬ҲǲһԼ˼
ֻЩ̫صˣ·û˼ԼͼӴɿѲƶʱҲֻһ桭;ⳡ鷳ˡ
ǼҺͰƶߵĽ£ϢͨһЩĶ֪
ԭ
ƶûбֳ֪ˡ
ϯԨûڻ̫ãΪͨ˵ҪʼˣƶҪ뿪ȥǰкҪǣ۱Ҫˡ
뿪Һϯǰ档
ӸղŰƶ뿪ϯĵıͲ̫ÿһֱûпڡ
ϯԨԴںϯȴĵΪһѺ
۸˰
֮ǰ·ԼϯԨ˵˳۸˼ϯԨӲǰ仰ûȥء

ϯԨϯƵƵԼȫϣûϯԵĵǣҲǲ֪ϯѹŭ
ǣô
ƶֳϣΪϯҵӣϯľԲԼ֮᲻ˣҲ֮ˣҪȹˡסһء
ϯԨǰŸյĴ⣬߽Ӱ
ŷĺڽɫͷϴŻҲܹŵͷΣΪ׵۳Ͱƶмƣһֵ֪ܵ֡
˵Ӧþǳ۵ĳ۰¼ӡάӡ
ϯԨŵʱ򿴹۵Ӱ¼ʱԼӻܶϣ۳ǰ¼ӵĻվڰ¼ߵģһǳˡ
˵γۺͳʸܺã÷һ𳤴󣬿ϧû°ų浰û취²Ȣ˴̣ϧûкϢ
ݼ۱¡ʱ¡
ڳгȫͷǰʮַؿڣŽĳۺͳ
ϯԨУͬΧһĶ
ƶ˵˵֣̫ˡ
·ҵֶӣ꣬ҵȻҪ˵ţ򰣷ƶͦΡӢĴƳ档
һתۣ·ôˡ
ûĸ᲻ȥϳ۱ºµĺѣȵۺ˵꣬ȻῪʼ
ۺͳⲼǫ̃ϣԱŰƶ⻹һЩλϸߵ۳棬ϯҲС
ϯԨϯȻֻվ̨ˡ
Ŀű壬ǣϣάһˣϯԨм䣬·վһʱûס۾
ǰʱ滹ܲ⣬ôת۾ͣ
ϯԨ˼ţϸӡ
濴ȥ̬޿ޣ⸱ģоԵһЩ
֣·м衣
߲㰫һ߶࣬۳ƽˣڵ·ǰȥһͷֹ貽濴ȥǳСˡ
С˵۳棨alpha͸ߴӢģomega뷨ϯԨסˡ
ƳڵĽôôǰ·߻޼ⳤҲԭȲһһϦ֮곤˳ꡣ
·˼֧衣
ţͲͬ۳档
ϯԨ˫ֻأһ״ӣϯԲ
ţ
ȻҪʲôһϯԣ·£Ҳ롣
ԼмҵˣȻҪԺá
ϯԶס̫ϣʣ㡭
ۺЦ⣬³ĻϯһҽԼϡ
ϯԣϯԨ˵óĵֻ·ôˡ
ϯԨ
᲻һĽٲҲڳЩߡ߹󡢲м۳ͬ۵ġá۳˵һȥ
ҵʱ̲סԹ
ԨôվҶұˡ
徲
ڵ⴦λã֮û棬ڵϸԼվ⡣
еʼ硣
˵㡣
˵Żһ·߽ǣһֱעųеϯȷֵġ
֪ʲôʱͣ
ϯԨҲ˲ԣֻ׳ջȻ
ϯԿάֲסϵļЦˣʲôʲô֪ϯԨԶһ㣬Ȼ۸Լʱ᲻һ㡣
治źۼԱԼӺӰУһ㶼·ԭֻܲȡӱܵķ
ϯԨҲߣסˡ
ûʲôԵĵطôһ
ע⵽·ԼϺϯԨֽ̧ת˸ֱԳԼڷ·
˶סԼʱΨһľԾȡ
ղŲ·ô·ˣ㻹ԥʲôϯԨ󣬵ڴʱĻи
ڿ·Լǰһ̣𾪵ʧǲߣ˿̲òͷǿ·ӡ
ԨĻãȻԨ˵ʲôԼʲôʱҪ·ˣ
뷴͸оһֶֻԼ䣬ƮƮġº͵µ
ԥˣϡ
ԨʲôʱôԼ˵ԼҪǲ˵᲻ᱻᡣ
һתķɿ죬ͷ·󲽿һ˸ƣŵĭ˵
ңһ֧ô
·ûеһʱش𣬶ǿ˿ϯԨǿڱСһ㡣
ǲӣӻҪġ·뵽⣬ַŵУǴӦˡ
עϯԨڵķ뿪
Ӻ߳ΰǸп
Ľ㡣ԼͲƳȥơ
ҲԡϯԨü
ɲܼо棬ѭ浸صһ۳档
̨ϡ
ΪϯԨվ̫ƫϯֻģ·ϯԨȻϯԨߵһ۳·Ȼ·Ӧˡ
·߽۵۳棬ϯľԼҪϯԨֶˡ
ƶЩ֣·ӦϯԨôôǸİ۳档
ô˵ỹҪȥġ
ÿ·µ۳ʱ򣬳۵ĿͻЩ۳ϣںʲô

ò裬¶һٺģ
Ԩ̫ˣʲôʱ˵·ˡ
ݵĻش𣺡ŶǿҼǴˡ
չ˵ҲܣòңҪӦһҪ󡣡
áϯԨɴӦ
µȷԼĲ̫ԣ·ʱǳԼġ
ƣһȭ޻ϣоԼˡ
֮ʱƽĹȥˣҪһΣϯԨÿǿǸ˭ȥˡ
·ƺҲʲôȻмοûʲô
ǰ
˵ԴѧȥԺ󣬾ͺóʱû˽¾۾ۣǿпգԼʱȥ档
رҪ˾Ǽ׼Ƴ棬ϷİҲС仰˵ܼġ
ۡ⣬ϯԨϯ˳
ʱǺϯһģߵʱȻҲúһߡ
ӳĳڵĿռ䲢ӵʱȴƵЩ͸
ϯĿڵı֣Һʧ
ϯԨûбŵϯĵĿƽֻӦϯᡣ
Ǿ¶ûϵϯĻɫ˳Ϊ㳤ˣڿǰû仯
ԣʶ塣
ϯ֪۸ڽѵϯԨа̾һ־ͷһμϯԨ۸־£٣Ҫ˵Ųϵͷˡ
ȵȣҲǵһΣϴϯԨͺ۸
ϯԨδţ˵ҪѧУ컹пΡ
ϯԣüͷԽԽԼǲǸ
ϴκ˵ģ㿼ǵô
ϯעϯԨûȥֺԼ⣬ϯԨ䵭
Ǿ仰ûȤ
ϯĲ׵ʣ·ﲻã
һҪ˵ɵĻҲϲ
ϯˣʲôɣɡ
㲻ϲϣάһˡ
ϯҵӣҪʱӦΪƶ㣬·Ҳûų⣬һ¡
ϵϯԨи̡
еһжڼ壬뿪ϯңʲôҲǡ
ϯԨ֪ϯⷬǲҲǰô˵ȫͬǰЩ͡вȴǲ⡣
Ҿ뿪ϯҺˡɵ˵㿴ϯһûӺʵģҲֹһ۳档
ϯı仰˵ģҪеѡԼͻ۳ˡ
˭ϯҳꡢƾλÿŵľϯԨһ
ϯµ۳Ҳһòɫģ۳ĻƶǱ߲֪᲻ܡ̫ࡣ


87 
ϯĵĵλ, ܰ۳ɲ
ϯԨĻϯŭͬʱҲϯĻϯԨǲǻˡ
֪֪Լ˵ʲô
ϯȻҲϯԨ仰, ֻϯԨĵ̫ˡ
Һ۸Ǻ, ϯԨ˵ȥ֪۸ᱻʲôһ۸һ֮°ϳȥˣȻԺС, ҲûС
ʱ, ϯҲװˡ
۸Ԩ˵Ķ
Ԩ, 㻹Ǹ
ϯԨԼ˵ʲô, ǸǲܵǸ, ͷܡ
Լľı, ϯĿ϶İ취ǻһݵİ취ϯ֪ԼûϷ, ȻȻľͻԭеĴ㡣
ûʲô˵ġ仰ǻϽ͡
, Ǽٳʱ, ϯԨĿĵصˡ
ϯԲ˿, Ҫ˵ϯԨı仯кþл, ǰϯԨɲ̬ȶ۸˵
ô۸ʲôʲôϯвЩĽ
ҵˡϯԨ˵, ֱ³
ղŵһ̸ôòɢ
ڡ
ϯԿһ۸˾Ըؼҡ
ϯԨ̬ǲ̫, ô, Ϊʲôôı仯
ǰʱ, ϯԨȻٰ㲻Ը, ԼʩѹҲ˰š
һεϯԨûֳ̬·ȫû̸˵ʲôͬģ
ֻԼ۸۸仰ȻԼ
ϯſڣһ˵淴ڰɣһǱ˹ͼؼ֡
ܻô˵ϯȴԭ򲢲һҲⲿֵԭ򣬵ԲȫϯԨ̬̫ԣǷӦ̫һЩ
˼ڽ˹ͼؼ¡ϯɫࡣ
ΪϯԨѾˣû뵽Ȼڽ⡣
ţϯ־Щԣ֮ǰʲôʱԾлôҪǽĻô¡
ϯ֪ϯԨôģڸ͸ԭλõܵʲôܶ鶼һһԭû߼ԡ
ϯԨĺǿҲܲҪȥ׷·κһβͬΪԭֵôԸ⡣
ϯҵĵλ߲ǺͻұȻǵ͵ģҪϯԨ·һô·ϯԨ֮䣬ҪֺõģͱϯԨ
ϯ֪Լܴ۸뷨ʵϣϯԨӽ·飬Ҳ۸ܶԾġܹ游۸游ǰҲֻӡ
ô˵ദʱ䳤취Ӧ
ϯô˵Ҫıԭȹº͵ֶΣȡһЩǳֶˡ
ڳͥ۸
ΪϯԨĲϯԨˣϯҲʸܡҪ˵ϯӴкܶҪصĹ涨ˡ
ϯ֪ϯԨȥ᲻ù̾˿˵Ҳұ֤һϯԨӦֻ˵Ŭ
ϯĵǿΪԼӡ
ֻԼϾǳղػҲ˵ˣϯԨβҲֻðȥˡ

Ͳˣ·ֵһЩʱ䡣
ϯԨصʱᾲģΨһ͸¶ɳϵصơ
ǰͺϣά˵ˣϣάҪԼ
ǰϣάȥʱҽҲ˵ˣϣάʱͬ˯ʱȽϸߣά㹻Ϣʱ䡣
ϯԨŵƿţںڰнƽʱûʲôľչὫ巴ҪĻײʲô
ȥϴϣάǱ߿
ȥʱ˯еϣάƺʲôŲŲ
ӽϿȥϣάϣάԶ
һΪɿһЩϯĳܵ¶׵Ժ󡣱Լģ޹ؽҪ
ϣά˯ϯԨ̽ϣάĺУεķ첹ĺϵѾ˾ųɣֻʣµһЩ֡
ϣάûǰ˫S˺䵽A֮ĲԲǼ򵥾ܹƽġ
SA֮Ĳ࣬ʮAȥֲο˫S
ôûа취ƺĺ˵ͬʱϣάľָȥˮ׼ءϯԨһֱ˼⣬ӦǿԵģⷽû̫ྭ顣
A۷ľ̶3600SǾϵķˮ룬3600˵ǽSSֵλ3601߿ɴ۷ֵ10800
˫SΪ10801~324003Sܹﵽ32401~97200
ǷиߵĲΣϯԨľֵҲ˵ǵֵֻ˵ľ3S۷ΣԽ95000ֵ
˵ڵǶһݣ˵ⷽϣѵļ¼ﲢûбԼߵġĻʱҲûз֡
ҽҲǸоרҽڣ޸ĺпԼԾǿĿԼ۳澫ԴƳ汾еá
Ҫ˵ϣάָʵʵЩˡ
ϯԨջؾԶ֣Ҫ˼һ¡Ҹϣάûа취ָʵҲȽȫκá
Ŀ˯ȥϣάϣһŻʲôĸܹܵһ΢ģϣά
ڶ졣
ϯԨϣάĹĺ˵⡣
ʱϣάͣæ֡
Ҳ֪ʲôʱʼͶȥѧУʳóˣ֮ദʱ˲١
ⷽ滹Ҫ뷨ϯԨһ࣬͵˵ĺϵҿƣʵȴûа취ָ̻
õİ취ȥҸרҵҽʦ
ϣά΢ͷڴļ嵰Ļû̻ش
һ˵ڻǰҽʦ˵Ҫָȥʵֻκ˺󰴲Ͱ
õĻỨ̫ʱ䡣˵һ㶼ǰοô׻ָ
Լľ䣬һĺɣʵͻָ˭뵽ĺôصԼȻڶ̶ھ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ⲻϣάһʼԤ֮УϯԨľǿȻ޸ĺ˷棬ӳ̫ǿˡ
ܶA۳˽⣬ҪA۳ǲ̫һЩ
ϣά֪ܣȴԼǰ¶Щ֪ͬԼʣǾԼ
ϯԨЦЦ˵̫ˡ
ıģָܹǰʵȷһ¡
ûϣά˵ǼٻΪھ̽ߵĵԶôֶϸӷһȫ
ϯԨϣάûʲôҵģ
ţϣά
ϡü˸ʾ
ϣά˵ûʲôʵġ
ûбȫȫιֻǻϣά֪ΪʲôЩһĴ
ΪһֱԼѿ߽СεĴڲࡣ֮УϣάΣԶĸࡣ
ЩƭЩɵ
֪ϣάƭ۳ĴƳ涼ôƭдƳԼûɷӣиϵŦ󣬸˵ʲôʲôһϵƭӡ
ͣ뿪ʱϯԨܼ
Ա飬ɫ˵֣ܼûһȥߵߡ
ʲôˡϻúõġ
ܼҡҡͷЩǵĿ˵֪һʱѾˡ
ôҲ˵ǲȥμӵᷢʲô¡
ûУֿǰúõġ˵ϯԨһ˵Ǻ۸ȥģܷЩʲô
ǵϯľͲѪͷ£·ĿܣѵһҲ֡
ܼ˳棬ϣά˵ǰ˼ֱӽǺľ
⼸ҷְ״̬̫ԾܼƳƳ棬ֹæ
죺ܰʲô
ĩһȥһ˰
ΪʲôԼȥ
ܼΪûԹ𡣡
УŰݷöܾˡ
ҾͿԣ
ݱҺöˣȥӦû⡣ܼƺѾЩʲôֻǰһЩǶûк˵
У԰ȷǸ˵ĵط
ܼϢļ㲻оݿ֮Ǽҵķûһϧ˭Ͱһͷװڣǡ
ܺڽǼҵļ豸ȴҲ̫ණлЩע⡣
Ҫǰô˵ʲô£õô鷳
һ仰𲻴Ӧ
ܼӦĻǷһ飬´¿ҾԲܾ
ܼǷԼһ飿ϯԨʽ׿ȻʱòгͿõĶȻԽԽá
ԡ
ˬ죬ʱͶûĻ϶ؼҡ
Ǻ󷽵Ĳɣȫûע⵽ǰѹ˵ϯԨܼûǵ̸
󣬲಻٣һס
Դñݺʶϣάһֱע֮Ĺϵƺر졭ƺûôԶϣάЩɻ
֮䣬ʲô
ϣάһļ򣺡ʲô
ûʲôϣά
ܼһϯԨĿܼȻôż
졣
ϣάǰĶСԺķ䣬ڿӺˡ
ԣ졣
***

ϯԨӦܼһǼңܼ˵ʱ䵽Ǽ⡣
ʱܼѾˡ
վڵ˵Ĵ⣬ŰܼĬһ˵ûи棬ǻ
ϯԨΪôܼٻ֪ͨһ棬û뵽ȥ塣
û˵
˵ҲûãʱԶߣÿλʧȥ硣ܼ˵ţɫ̫ãҪȷؼˣΪʧء
尴ûжãžͿˡ
ǼҵĹܼڿܼʱ򣬱ܼ⣬ֱܼվڳߵϯԨûô
ֻһܼҽŲýɶһϯԨͲҪȥʾˡ
Խȥˡܼϳ
Ǽһѽζ棬ӹá
ϯԨû˵ʲôӣϯҵӲİɡ
Ǽҡ
汻רͽСûһ⣬ϴŵľֱӷľ
֪ȻҲ֪ܼϯԨˡ

ϯԨܼܼҴ߽ǰܿͱ˴õĲû̫ã۸ͳˡ
ĳ۸й֮Եټû̫İ
֮ǰôûͰ˵һȣʵ̫ʧˡ۸ǣ¶һĨЦݣеĶ˵
ϯԨû˵
֮ǰͺܼˣ̸ⷽ潻ܼԼ֡
ܼڼĵλôܵĽ˾۳ѧģҲ١
ǲǲ˼ͻȻŰݷá
ⲻͻȻмҪҰ棬ǹ䵽ĲԶֱӹˡ
ܼͷίߣƽʱ˵һʲô˵ʲôҪʱģú۸
ϯԨ˵ǰɡ
šףǱԼ̬ȡ
۸ϯԨ鱨ٿǰϯԨԼӲҲתǾС
ܼ˵ˣôû棿òỹûɡ
ⶼˣǻԼһųԸء
ܼƣϯҵơ۸ȻȨƵ۳棬ֻΪϯԼòڳһúóӡ
еˣ̰˯ûҪǸɡ۸Цžܾ
ܼ֮Աǣʲôǽڣ찢滹ģôͲˡ
ˣǲУǶôҲҪ̽һ¡ܼ¶ǣǼ
С浽ǼЩ棬
ϯԨ;Ŀܼݣʱʱͼ䣬װû۸ԽԽӲЦݡ
ȻҪ۸ⷽ治ܼ
ΪܲһֱܼһȥʲôͲˡ
ȥûУһȡ
۸뿪
ܼŶȣһ˵ǽˣȻ֪ˡ
仰˼ӦǻýԼ˰ɡ
ϯԨܼ˼û˵ʲôǼңСĸǽж
ûã۸ˡ
ˣҪ̽ɡ
ȵķڴϡ
ŵǾӼҵ˯£ЩɵĿ߽ǣȷǸձ˯нѡ
۸˵ҡ۾ںڰдˣһӼЩӦ
ϯԨ˿վһԵ۳棬ǲǵİɣ
ģҪ̫ãҪϢ۸һ棬Ȼ뿪䡣
ܼۼֿȥŹϣŻϡ
ˮһĶϯԨ̾ΪֹĵܼӦûô
һŶѣزסľ΢һӦԶȥĽŲ
ûˣѾˡϯԨ
ܼߵߣüͷʣ棬˯ôõģĺ۸˵һˣ
ôˡʣϯԨǱİɡ
⣬˵˵ô¡ܼ̫˽ˣսһ˵ǲû˯Ȧˡ
۾ǳǳɫϸˡ
ڼôһû˯
ʲô˵Ƕġܼסļ
ɫ˱䣬ʹ֣̾˿˵ﲻæ
ܼûʲôϯԨȴˡ
ǰֱӽܼûܼʱӦ
ӳϯԨܼеģλϵļɫӡۣȥɫ֤˺۵ʱ䣬ڹȥһˡ
˭ɵġ


88 
ϯԨջ, ϵЩ⡣
Ǹ
ûϵ潫ã֪Ǵڹġ
ܼͷû͵˼, ϯԨοڵܶ۳, ˭
ǻᱻƳĳ棬껹Ʋ͸ܣôʣµҲֻ۳ˡ
ܼҲع, ڵһ仰ǣ۸ɵġ
鲻, ϯԨв²⣬ڲԼĲ²ⱻ֤ʵˡ
Ϊʲôִ㡣ܼ, ͸¶ϢϯԨ˹ȥ
֡˼, ƺָĲֹһΡ
ǰֵ, û˵, ܼķӦ
ڱܼ֪ˣ֪ôȥˡ
ܼһ𳤴, һЩ̫˽, 㲻˵, ܼҲܲ³
Ĳࡣ侲ڡ
ܼŭл𾪣Ϊʲô
۸۰ʵ, ֮⻹һ档ܼʱ, 治ܵͷƵ١
Ϊ·
۸˼, ҲԸ⣬ԾһЩ졣
治ϲ·Ժ·ദҲûȤ, ܼȻ֪
ԭֻΪ汻, ڿȱԼĻҪء⡰족һ, ȻҲ۸ˡ
۹۳ޱ, ܹóͷ۳治ܵӰֻ۳ֱϵ
۸ֻзִģû̫֣۸ҲС
ܼɵܾ˵̫ˣǲǻûҵġ
һЩЩҪ
Ҫ·飬۸ŷһΡ
Լϣ˵Ѿˡ
ܼž͹ˡ
֪϶лû϶ԼģôֻϯԨ
ϯԨܼٿ֮״Ծ˸뿪
ȥϴּ䡣
ȥ̸ӦʲôԼݡ
ϯԨ뿪
ˣڿ˵ˡ
ܼǲϯԨֻЩȷϯԨ֪
ܴĳ̶ֳ˵վһϵͬ飬ϯԨϾոռ롭Ȼ˵ǿ϶ԭ
ҵоЩչʧΣں۸̸·ʱһЩ⡣潫渵
껹Ϊͷڳ󡢶ʱƺ¾ͺٷˡ
ʧĲֹܿأһЩ£ЩͲҪܼ˵ˡ
ʧغ۸ˣŻôݣ
š
һԭ򣬻һֺйء
۸߶һƳ˵Ӱ쵽·ҵӡ󡣡˵˹ǣЦЩ̡
һϣܼһԼΡ
ܼ׼ô졣
Ҳ۸ġɴ˵飬Ҳڲ
ѾˣѡԼ
ܼ죺㲻Ǵ뿪ҰɣˣɲҲ취ּҰ
ֱûа취İ취Ҫôˣ֮û·ˡ
ԭȵĴ㣬ǰµ뷨潫ƶٰϣһһ
ϯҲͽȥˣϯԨȥܼ뵽һ£Щ
Ǹò᲻֪ϯԨʲôɡָܼϯԨϣάȥǼǴƾ¡
ǲ֪Ȼˡ
ܼͬĵͷ˵ҲǣϯԨƢˣʵҿһı䶼ûС
棬ѵûбǸѪļôܼ˵̾˿ҪαӾͺˣƶûлˡ
ôûУϯҡ
ܼ쿪ĻʧЦ˵ģϣѪѣʻһЩ
ͻļ岻٣һĻû۳棬ҲζӵѪ۳ںͻҵĽ׼оѡ
ֻ۳ָ۳Ѹʸߡ
תתƻԭ㣬ܼڴô
ϯԨڣҾʧˣ۸Ҳ˵ʲô潫ԼĴ˵
۸ϯҲ֣ʮþȡ
ϯڰϯԨƳ˵ˣϯԨҸ·ϻѪ۳浰
᷵û۳ĻǼ̳۸ϯԨϾ͸ϻҵѡϯԨôڷ۳ߡ
ϯԨͬ⣿ܼɡ
ҡͷᣬֻҪȥ㹻ˡ
濴ĺϯԨ·ȫΪ·ǰ˳ȥǲȥ
һ
ֱϯԨ
ϢˣҺϯԨˡ
ܼ֪Լﲻ棬ġʱǻھʧرԵ棬ûѱȹȥܹѹס
ϯԨû˵ʲôܼһ뿪
лˡ뿪ǼҺܼ˵
ѵãл֡
Ҫ㣬ҽȥܼһҭ˻˵˵ƶ·£Ҳзݣ
ôģҪȤ϶˳
ϯԨһڻؾûȤҲŰ鷳Ӹҵ⡣
ܼҲʧʣô죿
ǳᣬԼҪȥǱҪȥİɡ
һֻŶ̤ȥˣûôס
ôģ˵Ұһ취
ܼ˵Ļʲô˼ϯԨȻףе鲻һܾܽġ
·飬ϯǱ߿϶ô򵥷
ҪҪĵطһ˵ġ
̸ܼȻ㣬Ƿһ飬ڲ漰ұ£Ҷгŵġ
***
Ħ
Ҫϡ·һӡõļŵϡ
һ鷿輸ϵɢŸдֵĸ컨Ǹָ鼮
ǼʵѧƷǡߵļУɳϵĳĦˣ߲塣
忴ᣬҲʮ꣬Ǽʷ̸Ŀеͷ档
ȻڸճΪûõ·УλƢȴǷǳĳһ˳ľͻҪ·Ҳû취ôӦƸɹ
·ȥҵĲ
õģ
ǵϣ˼ҳϣЩŤ
ûСûУһôд
Щ꣬һ˵ѧƷôдЩһҲһдڶ͸ˡ
ϵĵԣһܵңΨһڵĺѣȴþûзһϢ
šǡǼʣƸ֮һûʲôСߣһԾΪ֪ߵҡ
⿿Լʵô֪ǡ
ûа취ԼƭԼ˸ġǡԭƷϺ˽׵õġ
뽻Ѿȥ£ڸǱһⱾƷ󣬶ԷûҹԼǶԷ˵ⳡײе֪
ɺ󣬶Է˵Ҫϵ
ǵлвƵƷֻҪһЩǱҾͿԹ򣬱֤ﳬֵʧ
嵱Ȼ֪ҲԾһܹǼʵƷΪʲôԼѡۣýֺͷ⡣
׵ķҲѰʹõĶǲ˻Ψһܹϵľ˺š
ΪıˡǡԭĲ壬ܿⲿƷһĺۼ޷ڸǵġ׵ҿҵһûмˡҲ˱ӻ
ֻԷ˵ƵƷࡣ
ǡԭģƷʹĦҲ
ֻһ
ջǽϢ˳ȥһΪ˱ҪѯЩ⡣
е󲿷ֶ˷ֵģٲðǷ֣ˡЩð߷ֵУЩùһЩðٹ
û⣬Ҫ֤׵İȫԣһһͻȻ֣Ȼ˵ԼϮĻֻ룬ò¡
ܿģҵϢظ˹
һһ鵥鼮֣ȻǼͨ﷭ģЩļ۸
忴Ǳһθļ۸ǰ衣
[Ϊʲôϴιôࡣ]
[ֵѵô]
뷴˵ʲô
ȷļ۸Ǳǰ˺ܶ࣬ɱ治ţһë
鵥Ȼ鿴飬ֱغĲµ
ϺǱַϢ
[ڶλعǵңǾµĽװ顣]
[ӣԽǵĽվЩƷע⣬վ˺ź˺Ű󶨣ܹҲܽʹá]
[й¶֮Ľףô֮Ľ׾ͻع⣬Ҳɡ]
ǲκεвֻҪ岻ѣͻᱣܡ
·ʱ˽巢ֺ󣬹ص˵ԡ
ʲôҪô·еıӡ
忴һ۲豭ȷǰԼҪĺ󣬴򷢵ˣȥɣûҵ
ǡ
·뿪鷿
鷿⡣
·ԵôЩ죬Ͽȷǰλѧʵֻϧһֱûҵ鱨
ǡⱾ벻ǲԼдģҪôǳϮҪôҵǹ֣ҪǳϮǱߵ˾ͨǹ֡ʲôǹ֡
Ҫ֪һô£ðǱһ鷿֪
·뵽ղԼȥʱЩȻ̬Ͷ̨ԡ⼸ǵһο򿪣᲻ԼҪġ
ϡ
ÿ뿪鷿ʱ򣬶鷿Ҫָơ
·ûԿףҲȥ͵õһַʽ
鷿ĸڷһûסĿͷӿͷĴϿ鷿̨ϣֻҪ鷿̨شûйأֱܹӽ롣
׼·һֱע̨شֻйηŻᱻϣ
Ȼ·ðְֻ̨еġ
Ǳ鷿·״򿪵ԡ
ʱûоȣֱó豸ʼƽ
ѯ⼸йĲ·˱ңȴǿտҲʲô¼ɾˣ
ŻָܿĽ˻¼ȫһ飬ıԽԽࡣ
뵽ģ·ȻҲ뵽ıȲ
ڿӵʱָһֱӵ˽ȥվŵĸƷ·ľս
ⱳ϶ǸŶӣǿ϶һչˮƽǼЩжϡ
·Զŵ˼Ƭ鿴ʱ򣬷ʱˡֻԼʹü¼Ȼ󽫵Իָһʼӡ
⼸ƬһεһˣʣͿίǵĿҪҪȥ
·صȴЩԥ
ĦһԱⱾƷǱŵ⣬ĦҲᱻⱾƷѡж·
ͽףϱȳϮӣƷһ
뵽վƷ·̾˿
֪ǸѾ군ˣͼװԶǵĽߣӶƸ⻹ᱻūۡ

ϯԨгȾƣҪǴ
ҲԼǣǾͲԼôĹĵҧһˮԹĿǼ
ܼһУǾͳ
ξˣôЦһ˵ҪԼĩǲ׶ˣ
ĩǿɲСٺһЦ
ܼȤʣôˣ£
ǣ²Ŷԡӿڴͳһſǰ˻Ρ
˵ǲѧϵӻˣôҪ¶ˡ
ſ죬ɫĿϿһ·
ҪϯԨûǴĻſԼҲһţǴǳϵġ
˵ĺʢҪٰˣĩ
ܼôһ˵ҲˣܹûעʵԴӽԺ󣬷һһܾûȥԺˡ
㲻˵Ҿ͸ˡ
ǰɣ㻹š
ܼʼ磬ֹңϯԨͰӦҲǵˡ
ʱ䣬˭Ҳ˵˭һ
棺ҵȷˡ
ϯԨû˵ʢҲͲҪ֪
ĳĬĬϡ
ϴڸʲôô¶עˡ̽⡣
Ǽǰһ𣬾Ϊ˳Ժ֣ȱ˵ǻơ
̫æˡϯԨܡ
˵ʢ۱ŪȤǿɱ˵ǲȥ
Ԩô˵
ϴεᣬģȥ
Ԩܾô찡ʢ۱ġ˵ţԼĹԵݸ㿴һֵֻƷ
ֲǰٺҲûȤ
ϯԨɨһ۹չƷбҪƿĿȻסŴͼƬչʾĶĪЩ졣
Եݸ󣬾ȥܼûע⵽ͻȻ֮仯顣
ϯԨ㿪ͼƬŴƷ¡
£ü˼Լ

ϯԨԼˡ
ڵϣǼ䱣ܵȼߵоڱ֮ΪԴ塯ʵϼ
ϸġͼƬϵ£˵񡢲˵һģһ
ϯԨ϶ԼûмǴǸΣֻƹ
ɺϣܣ뷨
Դϳֹ£Ϊʲôھ֪ٹĳ壬ϯԨ˼һʱЩ㯡
Ԩһļ
š
˵ʲôأҽüûӦ
ûʲôϯԨָϵͼƬߡ
ǶӦȥˣͲˣ㲻Ҫܾɣ
ôᣬǶȥôȱϯԺʢûȤɶ¡Եйصȴò⡣


89 
⹫ԢС
ӳ, 㿴۳ôеĻһһšõģйܰǻ뺣ٰ졮ʢۡ۳ϵݸϣά
ҿ
ΪԨгȥԼҽڿֱӳϣά, ٿ˭, ĳĬˡ
ȷ֪ԼһݣҪǲǿʲôȻôϯԨϡ
, ġ
ȡ鱨Ťһ, ˵ǰǿǵİ취ֱ۳ǽȥȫ㡣
Ҿ͡
ϣά뵽, Ŀ΢΢һ, ˵, ϶ǴǴġ
ʱ򻹲֪ʲô, ϾôҲܽӳǰйһ֮ԵƳϵһ
ϣάĳĬûӰ˵ȥ, ɫ, ǰΪ˽ӽʱ, ӳ֪ˡ
Ҫ뿨, 鱨ʾӦûһƾһȥ
˵ǳһ, ˵δģӳֱӼٰ硣
, ڶǹԼġ
ԼٰԼĳϣάҲ֪ΪԼһݲ֪, ȻҲô
ֻ, ʢۡ鰢ԨûԼ˵, ȴѾ˵ô
ӳ
ϣάع, ε˵Ŀǰֻѡô
õİ취ȻĻֻаԭȵļƻǱ롣ǱΣ̫ߣҲִ
ҪֻʣǱѡǲѡ֧Ԯ
ҿһ¡ϣάɳϣԼ˼С
֪ӳ˼ʱϲʱ㶼ĵȶӳ
кϢԼԼʱϣάЩ֣ѵҵԸ⡮۳棬Ʒǰۺõļƻ
ٰĺʢÿһΣһ̶ֱһʱ䡣Ҫͱƾ뿨뿨ھٰǰ¾ͳ
Ūһſû⣬ڶʱŪţǲܵġ
Aƻֱ뿨۳棬ҪǶУֻҪ֤ܹϽ롣
ٳϹϵǱ˵Ҳ뿨󣬾ͰעϡΪʲôԼٰ确Լ
Ϊ˸ա
ϣά̾˿һγɹ󣬾ҽĻ뿪һʱ䡣
ʵ˵뿪뿪ǰܺͰԨ˵
뿪˵ʧٸС
ʦ˵ѡ޷ǾԼɱ˰ԨԼ
ֲһֱϯԨߣôֻʣ뿪
ҽĻеԼ뿪ôʦ֪ԼԸ˺Ԩʦпܻᰲ֡
ҽʦʶ꣬˵Ļ޵ķʸ
һõİ취Լ뿪ֻҪԼ뿪ʦͲٽĿڰԨϡʦԸ񣬸עһûʲôõ۳档
ʵϣάԼҲףʦܷԼһֱ򡢱߾ϵԼӦȥĵط
ԭ뿪ļƻΪĻ˸ı䡣
ƻĿж١ϣά
֪ôʣˣǵкܴԳɹ
еѡĻ϶Ըӳȥٰ确ϣά˭֪ϯԨǸ۳ʲôϣάϯԨĹϵϯԨ涯ֶţӳš
Һ˵һȥϯԨȻ󡭡
ⲿǰ˵ν滻áϣάʱʧȻöӳٰϣάһܹμӼĺʢˡ
ã֪ˡ
Ͱ˵뿪׼ô䷽档
ѾźˣѾ׼õģЩһͽ᳡¶š
ӳٰϣά£費Ҫǰæ
ϣά˹ͼصʵε߾нҪ죬Ҳסȫûɱϣά¡
ϣάϯԨĴƳ棬ϯԨǸ۳ĺѣԼѾЩⲻȥˣ˼ٶ֡
Լȥ죬ǲùܡ
һ˵ӳǸϣάϾ޹ģݣҲҪ֤İȫ
šϣά֪˼
˿¶ӳͬ⣬ֻǵĶӳԼ
Ϣһнһ㲢Ҫ˺ԷԼԼԶӳģǶӳһܽ

鿴żⱨ棬²һԵĪ˹
ģǲ˼飬۳ϢؾȻ߱
˵żȻͻ䣬ԭһֱûע⵽
Ī˹г߼ⱨ棬鲻̫ÿ鵽Ϊֹ
𣺡ôʱо˵ͣͣ
Ī˹ǹЦҽӦ֪ʱ֪̫ಢһ°ɣΪİȫݼⱨ£
һ㶼Ī˹ǺĹԼ⻰¶ǳ//в
Ժ㶼ô˵ˣҵȻˡ
ǰ۳治Ǹʡ͵ĵƣƢʵϾЩ˽⣬Ī˹ǿӲĲ۳棬е鶼ԼĿģҲƫԭĿꡣ
֪۳棬Ī˹䣬ǰҲǸһĳ̣Ī˹ĺü
ΪϣάԼüݵǣͺġðôȤ£Ҫ治ˣǶϧ
Ī˹뿪
ҽ°ͣߵĪ˹ǰǼֻϢǰ
ȻЩԹ˱ûκ˵ϢصŨȺ͸ݣ͵۹ٷƷϢغ
۹ٷƷϢأҲ˵ǿõġ
Ī˹ΪʲôͻȻӡõϢ⣿ǷʲôעôʱԷ֣ЩϢӦöAϵ۳档
ǽʣ¼˵ϢԹܣоԱǰǸƳ档
۳Ϣأܹ֪ϢɲֻмⱨϵЩԹܷаţ˼
óһ֧һע׼ʲôʱ򣬹òʱЩΣյĴ㡣
۳ϢضԴƳ˵ǲܾܾջ󣬶ǰ֧ԹװŵĻǼ⡯ϢءҲ˵Լܰٷְעĺ
Ǹ
Թܷû̽ͨ
ʵȻûڣСЩȽϺáǸԼΪϣά£һһ߻ذ칫ҡ
뿪󲻾ãĪ˹߽ʵңǼֻϢԹպãȻߡ
İ칫С
ϣάûкϵǸżɽʡ
üһֱæ㽻£ʱϵ
ҵк磬˵һѾɹˣ˳Ļܿͻɡ
ǸĻǸ۳棬ûС
ʲôǸ۳桱۳ֵĺô
Ҳ֪ǸϯԨж಻˳ۣһֱϯԨƭϣάŻϣάΪײԼ
ǸϯԨɶ۳棬û֮һ
룬϶ǲô˵ġ
ûϣάϵ̫¡
´κϣάʱ򣬰ʡϣάô֣Ը˺ԼҲȥϯԨһ֡
뵽ЩԼųϣάǸȻҲûôˡ
бûУҪûеĻһҪȥæ
֪ǸǸԽôȰûã˵ҲûȰ
Ǹ񣺡
***
ưɣڡ
ֻ۳žƱרΪ۳ṩľƿ˲٣ƿ˵ĵϡ
ЩվƿܿǺ˲١
ϯԨľЩͶĹƾ͸ˡټûܼһþƵˮȣܼǶЩ΢ʱȻѡ
۳ľɨܼǽµľƿϯԨջԼĻ
Ǻȵʵ̫ˡ
ȻҲ˲٣û뵽ΨһһûȾƵģǾ껹ĳɼ
ǵĻѾȥȥʢۣҪҪһȥܼѻ顢⣬ȫǵ۳棬ƺҲûʲô۵ġ
Ȼܲסͳ̽뷨
ɣ˫죬Ȼòᡣ
Ҫһȥ
׳һ˲յڳĸ۳Ŀӡ
һֳ°ͣɢɳϣʳǶ֪⣺ϣǷô
ô˵֣ǽ侲ڡ˸á
侲ˣǵȻһˡ
ΪҵĺѣǲӦϲҡ
&ϯԨ&ܼ&̽
ȻǼ˲٣ɻĻ
۳治Իͷݣܻȥܼһ˲š
ûУҺͺõġ
ĻǶֻΪӳǿ۳棬˦˻׷Ƴ¿϶ɲҪǻǾûô϶ˡ
̽ʱͻȻſڣ͸ȸԾȿȣҲһ£ҲϯŶ
Ǽǡ
ܼһھƣΪ³۳棬ľĶҪá
ȥҲ˵Ҹô˭ȥ
˭֪Ҫ˭ȥõô࣬¡
ܼһЦ˵ĺã˵Ҵȥô
Լ벻ˣƾһȥϯԨвԵΪҲ۳
ҪǸҴ´γĻҰˡЦһ
㲻ң˭֪¶԰
˵ʲôʱȢ̣㣬ⷽûа취
ûȤܼҡžƱеľƣĵĵæҡ
ֻǿЦָɶɶе۳ʲôæģתͷԨء
϶ǲܴϣάȥģҸһ
ͼԼƤϯԨҪʹϣά
˸ĴָͲϣά֪ȥֵط𡣡
Ƴ۳κξֻܷӣǴƾҲܶ۳κơ
¶⣬ϯԨֶԴƳ̬ȣǺϲϣάƫĵĴƳͱϲĴƳ棬ȻЩһ
ҴƳ۳ռһ㶼٣ûбֳֻ۳淢ֺǰˡ
ᡣ
ϣάԸ侲̫Ϊ¶Լȥʢ۵Ŀĺܼ򵥣ֱмʶʶ뷨۳ȫһ
㻹ȵĵԼɡ
ȥϯԨζ˵ڿӰԼ˲źá
ϣǡ
뵽ڹԢϣʱߵͬǳƺΪһνӽĶͲһβ֪Ϊʲô
ǵģղϯԨĻĵһӦ
ӽĶѾ֣ͻȻֺͺáҪ˵ûè壬š
أ
ô㡣治̫˵
˵Ҳԣ㲻õģȿȷֻҪǴ·û⡣
ĳֲЩе񾭣뵽⼸һֱ۸µ£ɫݡ
ܼһµľƿ˵˲٣黹ûô
ûôף۸׸ıġ
ǼҴСҲǸ壬ҲȲϯң˵еʱ䲻ϯҶ̡
۸ǼҪΪ忼ǣһʲô
İǡĿ¶ͬ顣
֪ķҪȻҲԼһȰƾͺȡ
ΪѾ˲پƣڲ̫ѣһ仰Ҳľ˵˳
Ҫ˵ɴҲѧԨˣնȢƾٺ٣ʱ۸Ҳˡ
·ݣƶ۰йһδƾ£ԲȢġ
ãһݡ
̽Ӻ˵治Ͷ˸ƾ
𣿡
Ҫ
ˡܼ̯֣ЩЦ˵ǴҪô򵥾ͽõôô
ӣԼϯԨһ˵ðɣȻǾͲҪЩգȡ
־ƹѲ
֪ʲôʱѾˣܼ治֪ôһ飬һһĺȣвļơ
ϯԨŶľѵģֻȥľƶٻǸһ鷳
ڲʲô⣬ֻҪתܹȥе̫ˣ֪Ϊƽʱ̫ѹ֣и̲סɡ
ȻЩˣȴɿ졣
ڳΨһһѵĳ̽һӣǴյߡ
ϴ㻹ô
šϯԨӦһڳ̽ϡ
֪ǣڵӣڳ̽ȴһ˵ûС
Ǻô࣬Լܻȥôִ̽˴һѾȫûзӦˡ
ĺȵĺܸˣȥˡ
ȻԣֻôһƣҲŲ·߲ˡܼվҡҡλΡ
̽һ飬⸱һͻᵹڵϵӣһ˵ûС
ٿһֱû˵棬ʱĿǣҪ֪˺ܶ࣬ΪֻǿϢ
ˣһǸǼ绰ǹǡ
ûеõԵĻش𣬳̽ĵǵĹԣǵָƽֱӲš
¡ϣάţĻ˭绰ˣֱϵĺˡĻܸܲϵ磬Լȥˡ
ʮӺ
ưɰ̽źվſĴƳ
µıֱֲ̫ܼ̽һ߱Цһ߶ɱڵĿ͡
ǽˣǾͺȵеࡣ
лȴȥˡ
̽ʵڲóĴƳ򽻵Цߣߡ
ߺ󣬵ڶ
ĳó̽Ծֱ뿪ã̽Щز
ⲻǰµǸһţʲôԼ֪ˣȻѶԷˣߣ̫Ծˣ
ϣάһġ


90 
ӵ绰ʱ, ϣάôסĹԢ뿪֪ϯԨҴȥԼӡ
ɩˡ
̽˿ȥѾʧȥʶ, ˵ϴͽ, ȴȥ
ôôࡣϣάһŵһɾζ
ϯԨ̧ͷգһ۾ڱǰվŵ˭
û, ֻһ㡣
ϵó˭ôϣά, ̽绰˵òᡣ
ϯԨ̲סЦû
ϣάַҲ֪û˵Ļ
Ȼȥ
ϯԨһת, ֪뵽ʲô, Ӧһá, ϣάԼ
뿪, ˵¥ʱ, 뿿ϣάϡ
˵Ҳ, ϻǺѵ, ֻΪƾЩ, ԴһӰ, ûӰ쵽Ӿ
ϯԨӵݵĽϿԼڵ, ЦѹϣάԼˡ
ȻصѧУ

ϣά£Ҫ뿪ȥ㵹ˮ
Ҫסϣά, Լķһק
ϣάûз, ˸, ƲסϵȥҪۼֳֿס, ˡ
ϣά۾һ˵
۳ľôȻҲר۳ȵľƣϣάѹû뵽ϯԨпװ㡣
Ҫ
ϯԨһֻ§סϣάϣάѹ£ϣάΪת۾ǹһĨЦ⡣
֪ǲƹĸãԼڲalphaȴڶϣάʱ򣬲һ׸ڵ֢״
alpha׸ڵľΪˣֻԼomegaڵϣά
ɤͳϣάĶߵСû
ϣάһ졣
ˡ
ƽʱϯԨ侲ǣմƹԼһᣬ˵컹ûڣ뱧ϣάСӣŶֻǸڡ
ϣάܾţʲô

һɫ¡źɫϯԨַ̧˷ϸմûõĺɫߣᱡĺɫסһֻ¶һ˫۾촽
ʢۺϴεһܴʩʮֺã˶һߣ˭
ûкܼһ˵һμӣⳡʢȤĶ࣬źͳŸԸȤĶȥˡ
⻹һ㣬ΪһĻĿ̫
ϯԨѯʺ󣬴Ӧһϣάɫװ㣬αֱͦվߡ
ʢڵĵطһ᲻ͬλһɽʢڵĳһͿɽɽڲ
һбȺĸ¶ǣҲΡ
ϾĶ۳棬ġ곤ģ۳Ȥ޷ǾôЩϧıܹ۳ǰһĴƳ桢Ǵơ
ϲͲҪϯԨֱսƫͷϣά
ΪǸµĺӣǾܴӦġ
û¡ϣάƽ
ǾһƬ򣬱ڷӣ¶ĴƳ棬ÿһֻƳĳϡƯʣɱ¾Ĺߣѡ
һΧ۵۳治٣Ҳ˵һڵ۳治ֱ۳ѧУǸ·һ̬
ȥطְ̧סϣά֣˵Ʒۡ
۹Ĺ嶼дԼ£ϯԨڿǸ·ĵһۣ뵽ľ㡣
˵ڳһ£ΪʲôңԶĵϣ߸ɡϯԨ⼸Ҳ˲飬ϧû̫ͷ
áϣάƿߣעŵϡ
ϯԨЩƷĴƳǴûȤ˵ûе뷨Ҳʲô
ǳ۹ǣŪųҪ˵챳ûǲܵġ
ҿԼϣάȻڵĵطžͻᱻһĴƳ/ǴƣԵòȺܾܾ
ڴйڸĵͼϯԨͼûѶٹʹϣά᳡ڡ
νıҲĳ߼۵ͷЩ۳滹ͳһףһβμӵĸͣƷҪߡ
ҪϯԨôֱģЩȥļ۸֪ˣԶһΡ
᳡ܴһѰӰڷţͬʱϻһơ
ϯԨ˸յλϵӱ79
ϣά᳡󣬻ЩȦ
ҪĶôϣάʡ
滹չʾҲһЩ۵ƷһʼΪԨ˵档
Ҳ㣬ֻЩȤϯԨ΢΢ҡͷ㿿̶һ΢͵ϣʾźƷͼƬͱš
ĲǸӻûĳȥ
첻֪ǳʲôĿģƷûжֻ˵˻ֳ⡣
ⲻڼƻ֮ڡ
ϣά̧ϵĶƵ룬Աת롣
ǰ
ǽҪһǳƷڵʱ׷ݵһǰ
ʦǰչ̨ϣǸµĺӣ˿̺ӱ򿪣¶Ķ
ϯԨ
ΪƷӣԭֻǸװĶ
̨ϵʦϲ˵¿ԸΪһǰ͸Ү˹׹׵ţǰͬס١
ǰʱڣ׾ǳȫԲֻһ壬дӵеͬһ
ö׹Ȩλ͸Ү˹֮򱻳Ү˹ıԶ¹ȥҮ˹Ѳٹ⡣
Ү˹ӵеһУɢڸ
͹ĳණЩҮ˹еһֻһôһöǳɫڵε׹
ʦŰɫף׹ӺȻչʾ˿
ɫĽʱ⣬ȴûκεɫ¡
ܶԳƼ˽⣬ϯԨЩɣⶫľһô
˵Ү˹ıǱŹ׵ܣϧһֱûбе̺ʲôܡʷֵɹļΪһǧǱҡ
ʱڵĶйϵȻֻʣ壬ڳĶȱǮһǧǱͼ۶Ƕ㲻ʲô
ܿģվͻһ۱һߣÿһӣӵĽһǱҡ
ϯԨܺ㰲ţ˼
Ү˹Ү˹塭ⲻһ֣˵
ԼĺҮ˹ͬһԴôΪʲôҮ˹»ڵϡʦںܾǰûˣѾʧˡ
ԼļģôʵҮ˹֮ʲôϵѵ˵ڼǰг嵽
뷨ðͱϯԨ񶨵ˡ
ҪǼǰг嵽ôҲֲЩֵ
ϯԨԼ˼Уûע⵽м۳žλȥҲûע⵽ϣάɫԡ
۳涼Թ壬׵˽ƽǸ࣬в۳涼֪סʴʲô
ܡסĴ𽥵ȥһĥǾǵǿ۳档ڵ۳治һܹսҡٻʱܹŤתδ۳档
׵ϱţҪ֪й׵ϢѣҪȥ֤ӵеѡΨһֵľЩйصĶ
ЩƷöȨĵ׹йصƷмֵ
ԽмԽԽߣҲǲ⡣

ƨ
ǰ漸ŵı꣬Һôߣûܿѿɫ
ǵĿǡҮ˹ıҲ̫ɧ
ܹBƻֻAƻ񣬵Ȼõġ
ڿʼǰԤһɽۣһһǧǱΪʽôĽôùˣ˭֪Щ۳ƵϽмۡ
ԽԽߵļ۸Ķڶ£ȥǵǱǿ϶ġ
AƻϣBƻԤ
Զλϣڷ۳ǴƣЩ㵵ĵôϲ
ովһһǧǴջ֣治ɫŶ漴һǧ򡱡
ҲǺϲȻ򲻵ǾˡǴƵɣֻԼ֪ԼԽԽء
ڷ۳Ҳǳ̽⻰档
ѹǶԼ͵Ķûʲôʾܼӵһǧ۸ԼҵҲò
ǲ˵ϲԼأȻΪʲôǻûȨûƵԼԼᣬ̽뵽ʱδڡ
ϯԨо첲һ£عͼϣάԼ
ôˣ
ȥϴּ䡣ϣά
㡣
ãҺܿҡ
ϣάô˵ˣҲûм֣Ӧòʲô¡
ϵǺɷģֻĿ˲ŻУ൱
ţȥɣ㡣
ϣά뿪ϯԨ˿ʣµƷ뿴ǷкҮ˹йصĶֻߺйϵġ
ʱҲע⵽ҳϣڡҮ˹ıļ۸Ѿһǧ
Ҳĺмֵ۸㹻иȤĳȴ
ϯԨԴҲֻܸпһ䣬Ǯ۳ࡣ
ڼ䣬½½гȥҲв۳
ҳϻһƷǰ
ЩʷֵƷеǲߵΥҩƷ֣۳ԼԵġ
ЩϯԨԼ뷨ûʲôϣ
šָͣһ£㿪ǰͼƬ
һö״ɫɫһƬػصĽɫ·ûֻ򵥵˵Ʒʱ׷ݵһǰ
ϯԨͼƬϵʧ񣬼иֳһ棬ͼƬƵƷ
͹һǿǶһƷϡӣԼԼһ˿磬ɻȴûм٣ˡ
ǼƷ002һֻƺʯĥɡ˵ΪĽͺʯȫûϵһδ֪
ǵúֻöɫͬýɫԽ·
֮⣬һȥĿӣӰݵ״ǸλӦûǶһöϧǣڷֵѰңҲǵö
ǰԼƲģôö͵ϵ002Ʒһĳϵһ²Уֻȱʵ֤ݣܿ϶
Ү˹ıճɽ۸Ϊڰǧ򣬱ʮС
ŵ۳
۵۳ֱᣬһǧȥ׳ǵԤڼ۸ֻܺ롮Ү˹ıʧ֮ۡ
򲻵ֻƾˡ
۳ͷһϢڵõظ˹վװŦۣ뿪᳡
᳡ڵڼ
һһܿľ͵ϯԨעװΣ۵ĳ޼
ǰĶ٣Զûдﵽʲôĳ߼۵ĳ̶ȣοֻһдƷ
öɫһ֪ӦһƷϵװΣǼƷҲá
û۳Ȥζž
ȼۺϯԨɹǱҶƷȨ
ûһڵĴƳߵߣǼϢ˳տ
뿪ʱ򣬿ȥǰ̨ڴȡµƷƳ˵꣬뿪
ϯԨֵһȻڵƷ
ⳡĶȤľôڶѾϡ
ڵϣά
ϯԨЩ֣ϣά뿪Ѿһʱˣôûл
ڳϵϣάȴûеõӦü˼һòټȥˡ
᳡ſڡ
ʲôܰôл᳡ڵĴƳòѯʡ
ϯԨ˵ãϸһϣάûлظԼҲ֪
һĴƳмôҲߡ
ĴƳ棬ص㻹ǱȽϺüǵá
Ƴ룬ָ˸񿴼Ǹȥˡ
л
ϯԨ˳ŷǰߣ˼Ƴϣά䣬ָķȥûпϣάӰӡ
ϴּҲûС
ϣάȥˣⲻġ
ϯԨǷúĳȡصʱһ޴ıըը죬µҲ΢ζ
ʲôˣ
Ǳը
۳澪ʧмС
ô¡
ϯԨסΣдźƷĴƳ棬̧סԷ·ıը
еıըýúеԶ
˵һʼһͣıըʾﲻȫˡ
ǣҪǵĳߣǻȥȫĵط
㲥϶ȻⲢܰܵŵ۳档
£ٴкĴƳ˵ȥȫĵط
᳡һƬңʱѾûг˵ЩĴƳ/Ǵˣ췽ǱըŪýͷö
Ƴ棬۳ҪԲ˻Ŀܡ
һĴƾûߣҪȥϯԨû˵꣬һը
Ƴ¶Ǹ⣬סֽһ˵ǽӵǱ֤ǵİȫȺߡ
ĴƾµģҪİȫ
Ƴ۳棬ýֺͷ룬ΣյǸһ۳档λ¶Ĵƾãʱ򻹲Ĵƾ
ϯԨ֪ԷǺ⣬ҲǷԷ֣˵ȥ棬ҲҪ
ֻƳû뵽ᱻôѿһ£ЩΪѣûôΣϵ۳档
˵䣬ĹˣϢ
ϯԨϢƳղ˵Ҫȥ߰ɡ
ıˣ̫ˣƳһϲæ·ȫĵطȥ


91 
ϯԨȥĵطһ
Ȼ췽Ϳɽʱ, ͿǵܷΣա
ǰ۳ǣʱûͷԵĲӬһڸвٳϵ߶ˡ
סԼִҪ뿪ĴƳ棺ȵȡ
Ȩ֪ʲô¡
ϯԨ, Ƴ濴ı, ǵĻ侲һҪ˵۳治һ
ǸԺһ, ڲܶ˵
⡣ϯԨ̾һ, ֻҺܵҵĴƾ岻, һΣա
ǰĴƳЩ, תԵϼ˵һ, ܲܰæȡļ, 鿴һҵĴƾǷȫ
⡭Ҿ
ллϯԨɿ֣öԷ뿪
ӱڴԱ, ȡʧһڴӦ, ԼĻҪء
û취ǲ˷ʱ, ֤췽ڵʧȥһƿ
ûгԼ, ϾҪЩʲô, ôҪľõзʧȥԼϵͳգзϹԺźִкļƻ
ϯԨ˼·
ϣάİȫûйڵ, ûֳôġ
ԾսϣΪнϣάԼӵ˽⡣
Σ, ϣάĹҲԼǿ
ϯԨϣάʵ, ĳ, ϣάܱԼ
ըǸղͻȻ, ըըһǸոǱġţһβμӺʱ¡
֪ԼǲǺͺٰĻ壬Ȼôζ¡
һκһλ᲻ͬһ
пܡ
ϯԨһ۹ǰϢ˵һˣԼǷȫ
ӽΪһκΪȱȷ˺Ǿǡ
ôɣһڹʧ
ѲϯԨǺڵĻйأǲ֪Ŀģǵġ
е鱨̫٣ûа취ƶϡ
ٰĺʢ۵صɽУźűΣҲֻϵԼʹһǡ
ϯԨ̧ܡ
Ƭ̺ջߣղһȦûϤӰǻûô
ŲûйϣֻҪȥȻףŵɫ赲ǽǱĳͽģҪȥֻܵ汻ͽʱ
Ϊʲôֱ뿪͵
ҪôǺԼܿƾƣҪôǺҲû취뿪˵ڳˡ

Ϊ̻϶֣ǶԺ̻ϰָƣɽӹ˺ļϵͳ󣬻һЩɧҡ
Ӧ֮£ԤȰװõը
̻Ҫͻ۳棬ܵõ뿨Ҳ۳棬ըҪֻҪŵ۳㹻ȡʱˡ
촢ƷĲֿ⣬յſڣĪֱ̧һǹ䱬˲תļ̽ͷ
ȷϼس𻵺ĪɿǯƳ֡
ϣάĪһ̣۾˼װԵ״̬ΪԼʧӺĪ׺ԼһһϷ
Ҫá
ϵ΢͵ϴһĿ壬ֿϵͳĲҪʮӡ
ӳҲ֡
ķôôǰڽǼϵͳʱɵҶǵԣûзϵͳһ˵ţ¶ͣ
΢͵ԵĻϵϻƽܳҪһЩʱ䡣
ڵȴƽʱһ˵ǰBƻȻҲû취ô˳
˼ļƻʵBƻΪAƻΪ
ΪʲôҪAƻɹĿԱͲ
һΪǾ۵Ĳ۳棬۲ơ
ôΪҮ˹ıҲͨĶ۳ྺ̧ۣ۱ҲԤڡ
ⳡעǲƽģBƻΪ˾ܵɧңǽɽڵڡ
вըŵλͨԼ֧ɽڲռҪڵϣһСЩڵ̮֪ö۳ˡ
׷ǣЩ۳İΣ
˵۳ˣ׶ҪܵСʧԲ۳İȫǶԶġ
ϣά뿪󣬾ͺͣڼǰռƻж
һ·˳Ԥпûг֣˳ϣάоЩԡ
ͷŹϵδϢ
ǰԨģϣάָͣڰգջûȥ
ڻʱһԼߵ㿪ϢԨǱ߾ͻյһͻӰԼļƻ
עȣϣάЩֹЩɻ
ӳڵҲ̫ϣάˣҪȷͷûԼ϶ϴ
Īûô࣬עӳ޷αװиġ
ӳһ·ǲ̫˳ˡĪײúһķģϴźڲƷαװ
ǻ᲻£ڻûյǵϢ
ܹ᳡ģЩٽݻ⣬ʣµĻһЩǻڰںڲԵףĪȺ֮һݡ
ϣάһʱ䣬ûԼõʱ䡣
ûпİӣʹû¡

صĹսǿռڡ
ܼóܹרжʹõĶ󣬾֤ϤҲ˭
ҵķܣȫ̱ǵϵͳһϵǵļϵͳ
B5ȥ·Ѿϴڸҵָʾߡܼû˵꣬һͷҵıը
һ˲䣬Ķ졣
ôбըǵļƻһͼƻõĲһ
һ˾뱬ըǳ첻Ч
ʲôشҡ
Ųʣûժ¶󣺡˵ô뿪ڵλá
ǱըڱըΧڣըɵĽֱۡ
ⲻһܣھͰ˵
ǱߵĻû˵ܼ꣬źԼϵͳȨ޵һ̲סƿڴ
ݣٵ˭
Ǳ߳Ĭˡ
ܼʱҲЩˣæ˵жʱ֧Ԯ
ڷûע⵽Լڴ˽˹Ļ𣬽ӶϢ
һߡ
ûȥһֱչ۳ûʲô
ò˵ʵӹɵģ濴ſžЩ
ڱըһ̣չˣ򶨣۳ûôˡ
ըλúչмܡ
ըŵ۳ǣӵҪչĳȥ˸Ļҡ
ع񣬾ͷָԼߵˡ
üͷĵӦòѡʱܡ
²һʱĻңƽֻҪԼͺ˵һץǱȻġ
ܹ淢ĵһӦҪܣĹϵͲƽȣҪҲǵһΡ
ֻڲǼƽµʱ򣬰ԭļƻԼҪɧңʱûͳ¡ܼǱ߹ҲˣܼȴûлӦ
潫쵽ڴԥһ»ûд
ܼƻûб䣬ܼû֪ͨԼͰԭƻơ
۳һ˳ųڵķ򼷡
ںɳǵʱ潫ŭйϣʵΪʲôᷢըǲǻΣա
ǻᱣǵȫĵط
۳涼ˣǻʲô˵ģ˭֪ȥ·ϻ᲻бը
չıըСըʱಣըѿЩ۳Щɽİӡ۳ûƳôõ֡
ҲЩ۳ߵĴƳ淴Ӧ죬¡
ܵ˵˵۳ࡣ
***

ϯԨ⧲̽˸޷֮²ײֱӵڵϡ
ץס̽ļöԷԼԶһЩ
վá
̽Ͳ֪ȥˣЬӶһֻʮֵĻ
ϴسˡ
װʶϯԨó
ų̽ߵһߣע⣬ѹʣ㲻Ǻܼһߵôôֻʣˡ
һûþͷֿˡ
˵ȥղŷըȻҺǳʱɢˡ
涼ˣҲ֪ôˡ
һǴƣһΣգֲߡ̽˵˵ţɥ
ǰæǣǶܷܡ
̽˵ô࣬ϯԨע⵽˵ġһ㡣
ʲôˡ
̽һ£ᱼϴʱѵӦǹԼ𣿣
ô룬̽ʵʵĻش˵Ҳ·ʱдźƷĴƳ棬ߡɫսĴƳˡ
һӮˡ
֪Ҳҿˡ
̽մմϲ˵ܵÿ죬Ȼܾͼϴˡ
Ƿﰡų̽ĿһѾ
̽ûע⵽ı飬ЩƳǷѳ棬۳Ǿˡ
ѳ棿ӦԼڶ
һΣǴӺ᳤ֻ˹ġ
ܱԡѡֵĳ棬ȻǺͳ۹ͳν׼ΥϯԨ˽֪Щѳ桯ڶԵ۹дƶĴƳ档
ô֪Ƿѳ档
ó̽ĲݰԴܷһ
ǴĴƳ˵ġ̽ʵش𣺡ǲǲμӺٰĺʢۣըвǳġ
Щɶķѳ棬Ӧñ۹̡
û£ϴ㿴ù۳桭ֹ̽˵š
ڳ˵۳沢࣬Ҳʮ֮һı
Щ۳ȫȨƣȥ֮Щʲô붼
޷ǾǱ
Ķǳ̽˵ġѳ桯
ǲģҪģұΪ˺ڳ۳
ǺĴֶô
ӵһը𣬵ڹȥҲʮӣѸٲ˵ɴҵ˿Ϊ˴¼ıߡ
̽˵ţʼոоЩЭķ˲Եĵطʲô
ˣϴôֻ㣿ɩôûڣ
ϣάҷֿˣǰҾûҵϯԨš
ͬ߳棬ȳ̽侲
ʲôɩӲˣ̽˵æοϴҲ̫ģɩǴƳ棬Σտ϶Աġ
֣صĶԳ̽˵Ҫһæ
̽һ£ֲ˼ģϴͻȻ˵ô࣬ʲô°ҿ϶ﰡ
Ҫ뿪ϯԨָָı
̽
ϴ˵ģںΣգһô졣
ɩӿ϶Ҳ°̽ΪǵϣάȰ˵ȵȰɣܵȻϢء
ϯԨûкͳ̽͡
ûбϵô򵥣оԴвԸ񡭡ϣάϢһֱûлظⲻ
ͨѶź֮䶼ܹͨţƫƫϣάһֱûϢ
ܲǹⲻԼֿԣϯԨҲľֱӷ񶨵ˡ
ﻹǲһ仰
̽
ܺá
ϯԨ˵ͻȻʵܼô
Уûлظ֪̽Ϊʲôôʣ˵Щǣòʲô˰ɡ
ܼûг£֪ʳֻ̽Ϊ˿϶ԼĲ²⡣
ϵܼܼ⣬²һֿܾǡĻңܼҲˡ
㵱Ȼܺͳ̽˵ֻ˵źŲãµġ
ԭܼæ뷨ڿֻʱˡ
һνҵܼżһĲ֪ܼϢϵԲӦòѡ
ϧˡ
ȻϯԨԳ̽Ｘ䡣
ȵ˵꣬̽ԥһ±ʾס
֮󣬺ܿкĴƳ滤۳
Ҳ۳һ˲䣬̽ϴ󽻴ģסǸǵ۳档
ֻƳȻû뵽۳Ͷͱסˡ
ϯԨᣬһƹǰĴƳ棬ûüպϵš
һţѸٳǰȥ
ٶȺܿ졣
ʹֻƳֻ˼룬ͻعҪֹٶҲˡ
ûܼҲ֪ȥܹҵϣά
ͼбҵλá
ֻҪҾܹļأ鵽ϣάڵλá

ڡ
ȥϯԨйһ֮ԵĽ˹üͷŭʣҪõʱ䣬ܹϵͳȨ
Էǿʹõ豸ǣ̫ǾܹؿȨ
Ҫ׼ȷʱ䣡
У鵽ֵĳûˣҪȫҳ
һܷŹ
ǣ
ôˣܹȡϵûС
Ŀǰжϣڵı̫ҪȫɾٻҪһСʱ
˹ûٴߴ٣ϵͳȨỹǳֻץֳ棬ܹ쵽ġ
һκܵʧܴΪ᳤ֻѴ̡
ʧȥ鲼ļϵͳֵĳ泤ʲôӶ֪ӺϹӡ
˹֪ԼҲ޲ϵͳȨǰֻܱĻر
᳡ڵǱըӰ졣
۳棬ǲǶúˡ˹Լĸ֡
ѾѰˡҵĶķȼߣ۳ﲻΣա
˹˵ݵǼǡ
⡭ðɣǲԸ⡣۳ȫĸҲݡ
õģݱϣǼǾҪǱ¶ݡһǵķУŪûǨŭ졣
˹Цһ£ָº͵ģ˵Ļȴĸֺһ
е¶ӵѾͷϣô˵֪İɡ


92 
, ᳤ֻ
˹ףǵİʩôܣӦôߡ
Щֵĳ, ֻпǸ뿨۳, ܹ뵽᳡ڡ
ԺǼȥǵݣҲΪǺá
ô
ˡ
Ƿ᳤ֻ뵽İ취
ݱ¶, ۳Լİȫ, Ѿ۳̬ȺܲѺá
Щ۳Ҫ֪ߵĳ飬пǷѾԱ, ͲôܵǼݡ
Ͼ˭Լ, ܹвԼ, ر̰۳档
ڡ
̽סĴƳЩôλ뿪, һϷѾĳô졣
ûУ㲻Ҫҡ
ҿɲʶֻ۳档̽, 쿴ؾǲǰĴƳ档
Ҳΰ, ˭ϴ, Լ϶ܲ
ֻƳ޿κ, ֻһ˵Σ, Ϊ˸ǵİȫòҪ뿪
ܵǸ۳浽֪֪жΣա
֪ˡ֪ˡ̽š
ֻƳߺû, ǽߵϴĳ̽Щǡ
ʱʱľͻдƳ滤۳
̽һĵͷָ
ǲ, ϴҲ֪ʲôʱ, ֻԼ
̽ʱ, һͷ
ôֻ
߽, ǰͳ̽ϵ֪Ѿ˱ҺϯԨһ
һѰǣڿűߵĵط˳̽
Ҳֻг̽
̽һ̧ͷͿվԼǰȻ߻ϣ·ǽһ
ҡϴǺһģɩӲˣϴ͵ȥˡ
̽˵ţĿϣ˻һ˵ô£ôˡ
·ϳһ⡣Լ첲ϵƣֵĺ侲û۳Ƶô󳳴һҪȥӡ
䶼Ⱦˣ⻹û¡
Ѿ򵥴ˡ
üͷʣԨܳȥˣôû
Уϴ󰡡
ʲôôס
Ԩû˵ȥ
˵Ҫȥҡ̽̾˿˵ҿԵȡأϴɩӳ⡭
Ϊʲôô˵
ɩһֱûлظϢϴ˵ⲻԾƽʱ϶ġ
Ȼ˵ǸղŹû
ߵĿ϶һ·
֪
ţʱҿһۻ᳡ڵĵͼȥ·
̽Ĭˡ
/̫ԵǺ÷ﰡ
Ỻ˵ϯԨçײĳ棬ȻȥͶԼİΣаգǲҪ̫ࡣ
ϯԨͳ֪̽࣬ԶϯԨһҲġ
ϯԨڸ޷絽ܼɧһù鹦оĳԱ
ǿҪǵԣ̱ǵϵͳֻƾܼһûа취̫õģϹ֧Ԯ
Ү˹ı֪ôõõġİ취ǾԲַļƻͶͬƱġ
ĵ֮ͳ̽ûз֡
ܼûôȥˡЩɻȴǵޱȡ
һģû
ԨҲˣܼǴӻҿʼڶûϢ
⡣
һͨҵ·ϡ
ϯԨҵķǰ·ϻעܿڲĳ棬øճֵñ롯ȥ
ڲ¶ʵرֶεӮսǿĴƳ档
ҾľЩԶڵٶȣʹҲҪʮӡ
ϯԨǰܵͬʱųעܵı仯
ʱºȻضҪһ
ĸ֪񣬼ڵضͬʱܳһȥ
һ̣һը𣬵ֻһʼ
Ӧǰҵͨнϵը಻ĳӽ
ըݣһ屻ըĳ˹
룬ϣһȭӳ
ըûͣ
ϯԨûа취ǰֻˣھҵıըѰһʱڵֱըͱըĵ
һ߰
ϯԨһ£ͨݣڶס
ڻǽ̾˿췢鶼ԼԤ֮⣬ղǳըȻһطըеĶ
򿪹һмǰϢ
һźš
ղǳըڲͨźŸըˣҪ취뿪ļ򵥣ȴѣסʯͽᡣ
Լһ޸֮۳棬᲻
ϯԨصǰʱĽ䣬εȶ֧Ŀռ䣬»ʲô⡣
ϥǽ˼ԼڵóϣάµĽۣ뿪Ƿ̫嶯
һЦһĵһΣɻͬѡ
֪ϣάΣյ£Լڰȫĵطȴ
۳ݶԼ̫ϯԨĿͨһʯϣȭԼڵʵһ·Ҳǲ
ϵϢ̫ˣϯԨҲû취ƶϳ׷ʲô
ǷѳôǷǷѵһԱϣάһֱϵԼˣ̲סüĴᡣ
ϯԨع񣬷ֶԼܲһ㡣
ղŵľ𶯣̮ͨɿռܱգܹѭͨڶס
ȻֻԼһʱȱһֱȥǳ⡣
ô˵̫ġ
ô۳ֻҪ϶̾Ԯ
ģҲֻеˡ
***
ɽڡ
ϯԨ뿪ʱ򣬺ĳպֵĳ棬׷ΧһҪץס
ƷĲֿ棬ҪߵĽ
ڶãͨڴȫǺͺķĻ㱨
һεĿǡҮ˹ıܸʲô۶ҪסķӣԲܹûеǰͺײϡ
ĻʾĽɹ¶Цݡ
㶨ˡ
ϣάȥʱСġ
ӳģȨ޽ģԤĹֶǲᱻġ
Һȥǡϣά˵
õĶӳĪ׻ش
ֿڡ
˵ǲֿ⣬ʵǲر⣬һϧƷ޼֮С
ӳõģļڽʱ򣬾ͱֱӽӹˣǵӰ񡣡
Ү˹ıʢŵĺӣһ۾ܿ
ȡ⳷ˡ
ϣά뿪ʱϵӡ
ڳƬ̺ԥĽһĵϡһɳ飬һᱻ֡
ԼԺ󣬰Ԩ϶ҪѰңʱ򡭡
ϣάĬȻ
ԶһలװըĪײûпӳСҪը
֮ϣά뿪ǰڵķ
ȾѾ׼·һֱͨͨĶϣȵܹȫ롣

;ʱǺͺķҲ֮ˡΪɧ뿪֮Ϊֵġը
ЩըװҪ֧ͨڵλãһͻغƺԮط
ɽ⡣
ԭɽڴĴƳȫڵϣɽʯסڡ
ɽһ࣬һھ򲻾õͨУʮӰɿ߳ȻʧҹɭС
ը
ڡ
ڶϵͳȨʱҲ𲻵ˣ᳡ըϡã·ըٺͨжϣһͨסֻܹھ
ȫǷ˹ŭǰЩƳ档
ŸʲôһԺָͨţȫȥ
۳桢Щ۳ǲǶõˡ˹ȥ
ܲܿͻ£֧Ԯܿͻᵽ֮ǰ밲Щ۳档
***
̻ܲͷֲһֱбϵǽ˹˵ģܿ᳡µϢͻᴫܲ
ڷº̵ܲԭ򡭡ڵ֪˲۳󣬻᳤ɫüѿ
̫Ѿѹװûˡ
Ҫͨ۹ٷȡԮϵʱԽöǾԽ˭Ҳ֪һӣ۳᲻¡
۹ٷڵ֪Ϣĵһʱɳ˾Ԯ飬ϲŭ۳汣ЭѾ׼ãҪźͺҵЭ̸̸ˡ
ϰֻ۳汻ɽУ滹αը
ԮžԮ豸ǰԮɨǵѰ£ȷ滹ŵĳ٣һرС
λãӦԤõı򡭡ĸ˲ϵ亹
ǰ۹ĹԱɫڳ
ô۳棬ǵĴƾͼȫȨơϢûȥ̫ãԱҪǾȳ
飬۹鵽ף
Ա˵ȴѶȨϵϴǰҪκμػɵ¡
ԮٶȺܿ죬ըСʱ󣬱ͨˡ
ڵ۳水˳̶ȣһתƣʣǱ۳ĴƳ棬ԼĴƳȡ
һߵھҲڼ
Щɢɽ΢âĺгڲжǴƳ滹۳£밴߼ľԮ
ͨϯԨſľ֪΢ھ
΢˼ű۾Ƶһǽֱװιȥ
Լűֺͻű֣Ľȫͬǰ߱Ⱥ߸鷳
֪ȥ˶ãԮڵʾʾĺڡ
۳棬Ӧǻȥˣͳȥ
ܹʹþֻܿڵ
ϯԨоԼһֻƳ汳ϣȻ󱻱ųȥ˵˾Ȼ
һ
дƳ˵
ϯԨ͵ҽԺһϵеļΪû͵Ϣ
ΪըΡȱԹȥ۳治Եòͻأ
ڡ
ϯԨձͽûãѶ
һѵ
˵ûôôûѡ
ȰϴҪȥˣϴͲڶˡ
ˣ㿴ڶɶˡ
ܼڶûҵòᡭ֪Ͳˣû뵽ôȫ
ǰͳ̽졣
ϯԨ
ԼǼٻԣȻǱѲɣ۾Դ
ϴˡ
Ԩ㻹ôҪҪҰҽ
û¡ӽû˵档
ֱ۴űһֱֻؿڴɫ֪Щʲô
ڵܼ̽ĿǣܼڶûϢ
㻹ǵ÷ʲôᡣ
ģ˵ţҼǵȥҡ˺ܶըȻͲ֪ˡǱȳˣ
ԣǱȳˡ
챨۹ľԮܿ͵ˣãǵһȳġͷԼȳ˽⵽Ϣ
̽˵˵Ԯûнг汻档
ôֻǡϯԨ
ſڣ֪˵ʲô
̽ҲһģᣬĿƿĿ⡣
ڵ棺ûҵܼ
ϣάҲǣ䲻
ʱûпϣάϯԨов²ˣĻ֤ʵ뷨
׼»̲סһ
ô˵ԮٶȺܿô
ԮٶǺܿ죬ɽڲռ̫ˣҪһЩʱ䡣һԣ̾˿ҲûҵҲЩġ
ȻϺ뿴ʢۣϾԼȥġ
̽Ҳûõȥ
һʱ䣬ЩĬ
ҪáϯԨ
棺ֻ֪ܵȡ
֪˵Ķԣɾôɵţ˼Ƭ̣죬ǵĸء
ңûС
С˵Ҽǵôһ
Ҫ
̽Ը£ȥ
ΪʲôҪЩʡ
ϣάڻҷǰˣɻˣ᳡ڲļֻкĳܵȡҲ˭
΢΢һ
أҪûǴĻܼ˵ѻ᳡ڲļظ̱⡭ܲ鵽ϣάйصô
Ŷأôû뵽
ãȻǰҲһϡһƣ˷
̽ȥ˺þãŻ
ʱŸİĴƳ棬·кı־
ôôá
ˣö۳涼̽˰֣ǰңҽԺĴƳ档
λ¡̽ĴƳ氲ңߵǰ΢΢ڴ˴⣬ʾǸΣǻḺȫΡ
һеҽƻѣжԴ˴¼Ĳ
˵ĺλƲ֪Զ۳˵
ϯԨżɽҵĴƾһȥģڻûҵ
֪ǷڵһھС
϶вٳڣ˵ľԮѡ͸ֲôӦҲڵһ
һֱйעԮֳôʣشĿǰûյϢ
ڵһϡ
ȡأһҴƾϣάҲͱĸ鵽ؾ֪λá
ֻҪȷϣάλãϯҰæȳϣά
ԥһ˵ڲըҵ¸豸𺦣ϵͳ֪ǷڼڵܿϵͳҲ֪Ƿá
ס
ûҪһҵҴƾ䣬ֻҪڳһ¡
õĻҲǲǰҵĴƾͻˡ
ȫû뵽ô˵ԼĻܱƽԼüԵ۳治һ
£ˬӦ
õģڳǻġ
ܸһƾƬô
ԡ
Ҳм°㡭
̽ң
ȵǺͰҽ꣬ɴҲȥĲš
ȥȴϢʱϯԨеѰ
ڼ䣬һһĳ汻ȳ͵ҽԺ


93 
ϯԨһֱǹһ, ᵽǣҵζ
ϣάϣеĵǲٶ١
ǱԼһЩûþ͵˺Ϣ
ûʲô, ܼͲЩ, ͷıͽҽԺ
ǰҽԺ£ܼûһȥʲô, ɿҵ, ǰĵȫۡ
ֱܼëҽڴ򷢵е, ȥŪԵ
һ, Լôֻ쵰۳档
ʵ, ȥûгԵġ˵, 뿪
ӿû˵棬ʱ򿪿, Щŭ⣺ôôС, ˵ôء
۳˵, εƵȷǷǳءܼȱҵ, ҪǳƼ, °뱲Ӷ˵վˡ
̽ȥˡ
Ҳû뵽ᷢ¡ڵĻʺ˵̫, ָܼ֪Ĳˡ
ϯԨܼ棬һֱû˵ڵȡ
ûһ, ˽, , ֹĿ򲡴ϵϯԨ
Ҹղȥ, һ͹ġ
һûϣάԤӣʹƶϣάֲó£Ļǿһ¡
ϯԨȥҪѯʣͿİҡ
Ԩ֣̾һ
ң˵ɡ
ÿλãİǰ
£ܱǸǲ˼ءջûҵĴƾֻҵҴǸϢ
һԱȳҽԺ󣬾Ԯֳ˼ءϵͳڻҿʼǰ̱ܹ鵽Ϣޡ
֪˵˻ǲңڼҵϣά
ϣάһֵķѾԱ͵Ϯ±ִߡֵλΧѰҺûѰҵϣάֻҵһƷ
ҵݹģһֻɫӡ
ӵʽϯԨϤܶοֻӴϣάϡ
˵һˣʱûж𾪣ϯԨܼǵһֲһ
ϯԨɫûе֪جĺ
ۼԨϢһϣķӦ
ҾͲ˵һ䡰ڰˣϯԨЦ
ûһԼܴ̼ӣֻһֻӴʲô
ϯԨĬһ˵Ҳ˵ֻӣʲôûҵ
ǵģըķΧ̫ˣвھڽС
Цˡ
Цݣ˸£ʣԨ㻹ðɣ
Һܺá
ǸϢôϯԨֻϹЦݡ
ϣάˣֱҲЩԾ
ͣҲǺϢ
ﶼûлŵĳˣûϣάɽѾעô
ûϣάǰʲôš
ֳھôʲôʱھϡ򰲵ҡ
ұʵһ㶣λ¸ò̮ɽڳÿûҴƾʬɡ
̫ûټȥί˵
Ѿû̽⵽󣬳˸ڣʣµҲֻһƬѡ
Ĵƾ£Ҳеź
ѾĳԱһײУץסĳ³á
ϯԨϵҲ˵ǲˣǲǡ
ԥһ£ش˵ǡ
ɽڲж󣬿ͼҼȻô˵ˣô϶ǲټȥġ
Լᶨϣάû£Լû֤ݡҲ˵ˣɽû󣬾ϣάҲС
ϯԨ뵽Ҫṩйϣάߵȫء
ôܴӦô
ԥŲ˵һ䣺ǲӦһῼǺ۳汣Эú̸̸һε¼
۳汣ЭᣬѲľţҲǵĲš
ЭˣҪϼʾ
㡣
ߺܼţ˭Ҳûȿڡ
ܼ˵Ϊں飬ϯԨϢſϣάûˣ˷ѾĳԱòϵͳһݡ
ҪԼǸʱ򿴵ϢҲϣάͲᡭ˵ôȻǲˡ
ܼԼԴģҪԼ˵ϯԨ϶ìͷ׼Լ
һ㣬Ҳˡ
ϸģϯԨϿȥûʲôʵȴѹԼ
һƲϵ¡
ϯԨͷȥϵĺɫۼǱըըĺۼʱӦþըܽȻӲĽըЩݡ
쳹ԺҽԺˡ
ܼǼ۸ˣһһ߰ؼҡ
ϯԨ뾪ϯңҽԺҪϵʱ򣬸ϯ˸绰ϯϴ·
ûˣûҪҽԺ
ؼ·ϡ
ϯ򲻸ϯԨֻ۽ʱʱƳȥ
Ͻӵ绰ϯԨҲû˵ˣҴҸϹŴҽ֪ϳʲô£ϯͣ
̮񡭡Щһһľս
ϯԨڸʻϣĬ
ûϯƵƵԼϵߣʱ˵ԷſʲôҲȥ롣
ң³ϯԨ˵鲻Ҫϯġ
֪ˡ
ֻ㣬ϣάǻؼôϯ˺ܾãǾʳ
ǵСС˵ϯԨǺϣάһȥģΪʲôԼȥϯԨʱֻ
ϣά֣ϯԨǰȥҲûϯ
ûйϵҪܡ
ţ·ϯĵҲͣ¥ط佫Źϡ
ſɳϣһ˾ˡպڵϯã
ϯһţľһĻ
Ƹ˾ôˣϯĲѯʣҽо˾ˣ˾˺ûһ
ϯϯģ˾˿̫ˣǲȥž˾ˣþ˾˺úϢòá
ţ˾Ϣ

ܼؼҺͱ۸ѵһ٣䣬װʹ˹ȥ
֪ϣάºµһֱ⡣
û¾ȥϢǰΡܼ˵ţԶ˸򣬳ŷȥ
ͷ
ܼ棬˵εļƻʧܣûõ˵Լȥɡ
ը󵽵׷ʲôǷѾ滳ɡ
ǲǷѾҲȷȷһǸʱܼ֡˵ţըºпģҾԲʱ⡣
ǵĿģͷô
ܼҡͷ˵ֻк֪ˡ
˵ʲôҲ̫ˡ
ôʱ䣬㹻뿪ǣĻӦöˡֵָĴƳ档
᳡ըԮм˷ʮСʱʱ䡣
ⳡҵĻ㹻ôȻʱԶ߸߷ɣôҲβͱץס
µû
ΪڱըһСʱ
׶ǸڣһҲ۵̴ȻʻǸۡ
ΪʹԾ̴ܿͨԾǨ뿪򡢳ȥ
̴̴ͨûʲôֻͬҪϸ飬ͻָᷢһҾװαװ̴Сս
˿̣ĴƳվڽĻϵͼ
лҪ˵
æˣݸ3kᲹϵ~



94 
ֻ˼Ƴǽ, ǶƽĳԱ˴֮䶼ϤһΪűһ
ϣά˿̵ģ, ֻΪαװûж
ȻڳΨһ֪ȴ֪, ǡ
쵰ҽ֪ӳʵҲѣ֪֪ӳǡϣάʱ, Ǽж𾪡
ҪҪͷ, ϶̲ס⾿ôһ¡
Ҳûö١
һ۶רõңȿ, Ȼֻĸҡ
Ī׺ͰĵȻ, ҪΧƶӳһα¶¶İԡ
Ƕӳ, , δ˵˦˦̾
Ҫ֪Īסǲһ, ӴϯԨ, Ҳ֪ϯԨ͡ϣάҲǶӳദʱӡ
ڶӳûعǰ, ֻǸܺá
, ӦǴûԴƳô΢΢۳Ŷԡ
ع⡢ӳ뿪, ϯԨºͻȻЩ΢ͬϯԨô¡Լ֪ӳļƻ, ƻִкĽ
ϯԨԶӳĸ飬ǻ÷衣
ӳ϶Ҳܣ뿪Ǻ, ҪĻ, ӳһ䶼û˵
ĵĿһ۶ӳıӰ, а̾Ϣһ
Ļϵͼ, Ǵ˿֮䣬Žĳռͨӳ֮Ҳˡ
ͼϴŽ㣬Լٶƶ
ϣάʶתָϵĽָĿû㣬ϯԨ
һεķֱ𲻻̫õģԼ˵ʦͻ
ֻǲ֪Ǹʱ򣬰Ԩ֪º󣬻᲻ԭԼƭСӣСӵĴھԲʦ֪
ŵĴƳ뿪۳һðյΪǰӰԨǵõϢҩҲǰٷְٵûиá뵽˵ԼѰѣÿɷ
ֻҪСû¾ͺãԼһЩܡ
гڵĴƳ۳йֵĿвͻʧȥ浰ķգڻºһʼѾ˺ܶࡣ
***
ϯԨҡ
ڵϣȣͷ˼ʲô
ϯԨϣά
һڵϣּ佫ǰŵɫǰзɿ콫Ϸһлعˡ
аղŰҷģϣάڼµƵ
ϣάײѾԱߡЮ֣Ȼʧ١
˲֪֪ܲôϣάƺ˾ųɰ룬һΡֻƳʵҪϣά֮ϣϧûĵ໭档
һȥûˣȥôҲʧˡ
ѾƶȡɷѵĸĸɡǶͷѾйأϣάҲСôһоͽ͵ͨˡ
²ⲻϯԨҲµġ
ѧʱϣά⣬Ӵ
ںϵϯԨɫзɿһĻĻ档
뵽ϣάĵһμ棬ھưڵİ
ʱǶڣڳȥþûҪȥҵʱ򡭡ƴƣȵ̫ˡʵЩ֣ϣάǻçײƺȾƵġ
ּɺϣ췢һжԤıġ
ҪԼĲ²ģôϣά˵ƭ϶ԼһЩ¡
ϯԨû𰲵˵ѶƶϳĽ˿
֪ϣάԼһЩ£ԼҲûɾȥҲϣά
ΨһϯԨ벻ͨǣΪʲôϣάҪɡԼһһԼͲԼô
侲˼󣬵óĽǣӦòϣάԼԸҺӦûʲôصԼ֪
û£ǺϢϯԨ
ϣά϶ϸǺ󣬲ľ
Լӣʹټһ죬ֻǲ֪ʲôʱ
ӰϢֵķѾԱܴѾ뿪ҲϣάҲ뿪ˡ
ϯԨ򿪹ԣ氲ҷϢðһ뷨
۳̫࣬ǰԼʹ뿪ʱΪϣά
ڵĻѾûʲôܹԼĽŲˡ뿪뿪ϽûԼµĿʲô
ð﷢Ϣղſˣ·Ľչһ϶ԼĲ²⡣
·ǼͼƬĸƷȫڡز
ϯԨ֪Ǳߵʱ䣬ȥ˶á
ͼƬĽƷǵԼǼȦԼ˵ĻʣĿԣǵֵĽ߰ѵֳˡ
ǵԤĿԣû뵽Ȼˡ
ϣάʧ󿨷洫Ϣ뿪ͷø
ϯԨ룬áۡӡ
Լǰǹ˿ռԾǨӦڳ򸽽һЩ񡭡λþԼҲ̫Զ
ֻҪԼȥ߾ǾֱӰԼߡʱԾǨ棬Ҫþܹе
һ뿪壬ԭԼƾ͵ͬޡ
뿪ļƻ׼ۡݾΪ뿪׼ġ
õ£뿪ѡ
뿪ǰýϯԨ´꣬Ʃ˵úϯĺϯ
ϯԨ֪Լ뿪󣬶ڲ̫ܻ뿪ϣά϶Ҳģ򲻻Ūļ

Ӻϡ
ڿҿðյȼðųԱǣȻյ˶ͷ˾ָʾ
Ҫ֪ԴǴӰǹԾǨ⻹ǵڶյųָʾ
ī˵ųȥ߾
Ŷųиð𣿡Űֻצֳ
ųҪ̫ˡpkĶȸ衣
ȳ򣬺ʣųʲôʱ
ʱûֻһ꣬ĽһЩīҵ
Ȼ֪ͨһ¿ıͽ˰ɣ
Ƚˣתȥų꣬ٿû˳·񣬿Խ
û⡣

ϯԨܿͿǺýϯĸи˭ϯ⣬벻ʵѡ
û뵽ǣûȥϯԣϯԵ
ͨϯԵͨѶ
һͨϯͷһ䣺ϣάµ£ôҶ֪ͨ
ʢ۳²Ǹܣٶ˵ǡ
ϯԨûڵ£ϯԵڶ֪ˣٶȲ
ϣάˣٻӰ쵽ϯҺ˹ͼؼҵϯڵ֪µĵһʱ䣬Ӧôȡ
ϯԨֻһۣ֪ϯԨΪʲô֪ʲô
Ҳŵ£ΪʲôҪ˵
ϯһ㶣˵ʲô
ϣάû¡
ϯֹĿ̺ͬ黹𾪡
òϣάµϢϯԨ̫ϳ˰ɡ
£㻹ʲôҪ˵ġ֪ϯԽͲ壬
֪ϣάܺϯԣֻǿ̸ܶϣά£ԴƭԼ
Һ۸ᴦ㡭ҪˣѧУǱһ٣ʱڼŰɡôĴ̼ǺúڼϢȽϺá
ôٵϯԨȻܾŵİôߵ˵Ҳڼȥɢɢġ
ϯüͷ˵ԣǲȥ̫Զ
ɢҲԣ˵ʶȤĴƳ档
ϯԵĴӦе£˵Ҳڵʱ䣬ϯĺϯҶտЩ
û⡣ϯȫûʶ⻰壬Ӧĺˬ졣
տһϯĺϯ򣬶Բʲô⡣


95 
ϯԨһ˺ŷһϢ, Ȼԡۡݡ
ںеõ˹ݣ˸Ǳ, ŵӦԷһ¡
ϾҪ뿪, 飬ʼǸ
ϣϸϳ⣬Ӷáۡɺйϵ
ܿ, ϯԨյ˻ظ
ŻظϢû˵, ԷȻԼһ
ܼ, ԼǰһƳ뿪, Ҫ²ıϡ
˵Ѳ, ˵ȴҲ򵥡
ܿ, ûظϢ, ԷʾṩһЩܼİ
ɽ
ϯԨԱ˵˽ûȤ, ĲΪԼŵ¡
Ϊ˰ȫ, ԼԼֿ, Ҫ뿪Χſԡ
ˡ
, ͷվϯģôˡ
˾ˡϯģüĺơ
ڵϯ, Լǰû˹ȥĺ¡
ϯס֣ͷ˵Ƹ˵ܲԷ
ϯԨȻ
ϻ, ԼһֱڷûȥϯӦǿԼ, Լ
ƸءϯĵԴ
Ƹȥϰˡ
˾, 죡ϯš
ϯԨи, ϯĴԼ¥ȴһ顣
ǵԼΪʲôڡϯԨϣǰС֣С̵ĺû۳ɹ
ܾεƣûɹ۵ĺ˼ָˣܷڶۡܲܳɹ۳ĺˡϯԨҲұ֤
ΨһģǾܵı֤ϯıİȫ
뿪ǰ˰úϯ⣬Ҫϯĺϵ⡣
Ƴĵһνĺ˳ɹΪ־ûĺ˵ĴƳڳȲм硣
硣
СһҪ˯ʱϯԨС¥
ϯԴЩĿһͻȻ˷ܣ˾ˣҪһ˯𣿡
ǿ𣿡
ϯԨЦһ˵˯͹¿Եȵȡ
ϯЦøˣΪʲôҪȵ֪֪˾ǴӦԼˡ
ϯǰڴҡҡλȵС̣һΣ˾˴ĵһνĺʧܡ
ϯ̫ӵĶĺˡ͡ȴסǲ֪Լ⣬Դ֪Ƿʱۡ
ۡǺþöˣϯãȻ
˾ˣΪʲô˵
һ֪ϯĶϵϯԨ̾˿
벻ٳһĺˡ
𣿡ϯ¶
ӦÿԵģԸž˾ô
Լݵģĺ۾ɢľʹܹγһȹ̵ɾĿռ䡣
ǰЩƬɾԼЭɹڰٷ֮ʮϡ
ʹʧˣҲıϯû¡
ûϵʧˣ˾˻ᱣġ
ϯգգۣɤŴŴ˵ž˾˵ġ
ǣҲ֪ô
ϯԨû뵽仰һû˵
˾ˣ
ĺˣ㲻һΣô᲻֪ô
Բ˾ˣĲ֪ϯԼӡ
ֻˣŵ
Ŷ
۾
ϯĹɵıۣϯԨų֪ϯĵݷšûκλļ
оȥʹþķܸоԼľô
̶ܹоϯȻҲᣬ̫ûãˡ
ϯĶûһȫĵΣþĹ˳١
ϯԨ£ϯܸо
ϯһ㽫µľûԾʱ
ģǾܵϯĵľƽȣóϯеĿ
ÿƳĺ˵ʱ䶼һΪ˱գϯԨѡ˺ķʱõķ
Сʱȥˡ
ȷϯĵĺ۳ɹϯԨԼľ
ȻԼһ
ĺ۵ķĻЩƣתķʽĵת
󵱾ɢһʱĺ˾۳ɹˡ
ϯ۾ĿڴܸоԼЩһ
ҿþˣ˾ˡ
ϯĻ̫ϰ߿ƾһƾƤ̲ܳסˡ
š
˾ϯĿĵסϰһڡ
ҪʹƸ˵Ƹһܸˡ
ϯԨûֹϯȻ¶жӰ죬Ļ֪ġĺ˺ʹþǺ¡
ϯĸ˹ˣűƽʱüֵС̣˵ƸԣҪӦ˾һ¡
ϯԨôǵĺϯĵǳơġϯһôԼ̾ͰԹš
ԸƸ˾˰æˡ
ΪʲôϯĲס
ĲӦô
ʵ㱻ϯ֪ҲôԼϾҪ뿪ˣǲҪ֦ĺá
ϯԨŵţΪ˾ԺԸƸ
Ǿϲô
ϯƶǶǴӦᰴ˵ĸߴƸ
ΪˣϯԨ򵥵ı˸ɣϯĸϯ
ţҲǱģֻǽԼȥܹڶĺ˹Ϊˡ
ϡ
ϯ֪º󣬿ĵıϯת˺þá
̫ˡϯϯģƲסļ
ϯıϯĲӣЦͣƸҪת
ϯϯԨһǰĸ˵Ҹʱ䣬ȥ顣
ϯһæŵѯʣССûʲôطʹʹ
˵ڵһνʧܺ󣬻лĺǺ£˭֪᲻⡣
ϯаգԼô¡
ûУϯĲٿžƸֿЦоررãʹʹ
Ǿͺá
Ȼû˵ϯѾ⣬ҪССȥ顣

һϣϯĿƵƵԼϣϯԨװûС
лҪ˵
ϯɫӣľϯģ֪˵ʲô
лл㡣
˷ܼȥϯ侲ŷϯĺ˵ʱжΣա
һʧˣ롣
š
ϯһ£֪Ļò˵˵˻᲻̼
⸱飬֪췢ʲôˡϯԨһü
ϯ˵ʱƽûԼЪ˹ģ˵ͷ
ϣάġڹ˽ϯԸϣάнˡ
ûСϯĻ˵ֻҪһûʵ֤ݣҶǸĽۡ
Ȼ֪ˣãмҪ㡣
ϯǵĻʱʱĿϯ֪ϣάµϢ
С֪Ϣ϶޵ʱ򻹵ú塣
Ҵɢɢģڼҡ
ϯʲô飬ȥϯԻĴƾϵʽһᷢ㡣
⣬ʱҲ£µĲҵʲô¶㸺𡣡
ҲǰָԼ뿪Ҫ֤ϯǵ
ǰ۸̳ŲһЩͶʵĲҵÿ궼зֺ죬Щϯϯʡ
ҵݼٴ쿪ʼжҪ£Ҫҡ
ϯҵ£Լϵң֡
˵ģ㶼ôˡ
ϯ˵ͷϯԨ˵Ļûʲô⣬ǸоЩ֡
֪ĻΪʲô£Ҫôϯ뵽ֻԼ̫ˡ


96 
ϯԨǰáۡµĹԢڡ
µĿݡ
ڽŵʱ, ǰϽ׹ԢſţбѲĺۼ
뿪ŵ㣬Ԥ, ˿̼Ҳ֡
ʰö, ЩƷյռָУȻ󵭶뿪
ڻ뿪ʱ, ͽԼµĺۼɨɾˡ
ϯԨʱڽɭ־ɢ, ûг뵽Ӿܳαװˡۡӡ
Ǹɭ־羰ܺ, ʺɢ, ȥʱЩ׵¶Ӫװͼʳ, 㼸첻Ӱ, в˷
ڼõݺֱӽԭԼõĹϰ΢ը, 趨ñըģʽʱڡ
۹۳ĹעȺܴ, ϶мװ׷ϵͳ, ԻΪǵİȫ
ƽʱҲ, Լ뿪Ļ, ϶ᱻȻõ׷ϵͳ
Ϊ˸Լȡ㹻ʱ䣬ϯ, ϯʱ䲻ҪԼǻüëˣԼҲӵġ
ǵرǸ, ڡ
ǰǵBJ8023ǽʼǻ, ˿ǰƱڽмƱƱɳ̫յݵǽ
ɤŵǻϢ, صڿտĺڡ
ڷĴƳ, ͷһ۹ʾĴƱϢЩŵƳõǻˡ
š
ƳಽĸڳƳ󣬹˼Ʊڣ߽̫յڡ
ݺϣʼ
ûãݷһǰ򿪡
Ǹ۷Ϊ֣СͷɴֱڵرϵǸ۽䣬ܹǧĴͷɴֻܹͣعϵ̫Ǹۡ
̫Ǹ۵ռطΧӴ󣬵͹ǿձȽȴǲֵһᡣ
BJ8023ŷɴϡ
ĺڷƳҲϯԨΪ˾뿪ǣһǼʷɴ
λϣȻ̫á
ŷɴɵʱϯԨά˵ʱ߸Сʱýš
Ȼڿʻ߶ˣͽзɴ񡣡
ҲʮģǸϴƳ潻ԼҲ֡
šͷһ˵һ䡣
лл
ʱԱߵλ˿ϯԨû˵ʲô
ϣ۾Լĵ۹ͼ
۹ֻռǿհͼʮ֮ʣµʮ֮˶򣬶Щ֮ʮڶ˵۹߾
ѳͼһԲԲҲĲǾԲκ/ŵģ򿪷ֻʮ֮ģǿ߾ϵ
Щֳɶ⿪ŵϵҲó
뿪ֻһʼκеĿĵر֮Ҫתһλǰó
ȵó󣬻Ҫ뿪֤ܹͨó뿪
ǼʱƵ֤ͨҲѡ
άϷɴǰύˣǵóܹϡ
г̰ŵĺܽڲת˷ɴ£ʮСʱǾܳó̶ǰתǵķɴ

Ӻһֱڳ߾ǻųķԸһֱڳ߾һתǸǻ
һתǣ޽һȦ̫չǳ֮תվפ˴ľӡ
ɴ䵽رֻͣڻ̫չϡ
ÿµķɴ޴ĳ̴ó׽⻹·򸽽ķɴǻﹺһЩʲ
⻹иϡԴڣ֮ǳַ
̫չϴŴССǧռվЩռվȼܹͬͣķɴҲͬ
˿̡
ת̫չZX465˿ռվһұɫķɴʻ롣
ռվڡ
ϯԨά˵߰ɣǵˡ
ռվڼ⵽ͷɴĽŽӲɹǽ͹ϵţߴ
ӺŵͿװѡģȻϵóԼĴ
ǽ֮
ϯԨǰվˣôˡ
ȻΣʵеǵһμ
ţҲ˵ˣȸ費⡣
󣬽ŻջأȻԶرա
ΪһμųǾͶˡī˵꣬һ䣺ȸҪƷɴû취
άڿӴǽʱѾˣǺų󣬿ϯԨ񶼲Ծˡ
ųλǣ
ϯԨڵ·ϼģҵܵܡ
ʵҲ֪ά˵ݣǶǺͷķϣܼܵܵЩ鷳
Ӧðά˷ڳά֪Լܽ;£Ҫ뿪ܲܺһߡ
ϯԨ˼ŷɴȱӵģʹӦˡ
Ӻţҡ
ڹ·ϣīҼ򵥽ʱ䷢˵һ飬ɵ
ϯԨҪ˵ע⵽Լάˣǿžģ
ȣɴпյķô
Цɴ϶أкö෿䡣
鷳άȥϢһô
ȷһȦСȹӣȻԡ
Ҳۡ
Ҫżžܾһ·ûôϢҵģȥϢ
άſڣע·˽ͣŰˡ
īҡ
ϯԨīҵ֣ûкA4йص񡣡
û⡣ī̴ðվʼA4йص
ȸ裬·ߡûڸ캽ԱְǶȸ衣
Ŀ꣬A4򡣡
A4Ħڵ򣬾A6ǳңԶʹŵĻѿٵִ
ϯԨ˵Ҫ񣬾ʹβ׼ʹţΪ̫ˡ
ĿǰǰA4ż
ȻÿռԾǨķʽʵģܳʱ˽˹Ͻ
Ҫǣ뿴ܲҵЩڵϢ
Ӻ̫ˣԱ±뾡ճ̡
ļ۷ǽܹɵλϡӺϵĳԱǼȻжȸ̲ܶ߳ٿصİڣҲԶԶܰٷְٷǽʵ
һҪԼȴڴ򲻳ȥˡ
ߵϡ
ֻǵ򣬷ɴϵԾȸҪָֻ
ڼˡȸ˵
ϯԨ֪˵ʲô
ʵеĶȸڵûʲôͬǸɫʷװĻˣеǵۡڰһɫ
԰ĿƼܹ÷ˣ֪Ϊ͹ɫǰ˵ϰߣʹõĶǽǡ
ұһô
ȸͷ
֪£˵߼̫òˣȸոճꡢ뿪ĸˡ
ҶûϢãϢ߸Сʱٱô
ȸ裺ҿԵȡ
̫ˡ˵Цһ£īңͽˡ
ϯԨʱ䣬ҪϢ
ѾĻû취õ״̬ӭӶȸսˡ
вһûսľ顭СӦԵĻһˣ˲˵ԼȥҸȸ衣
û⣬ųīؿڣʾԼϡ
ʱԸ¡
ųҴȥķɡ
һ׼ˣлÿɨɸɾˡ
ʵеķƿ˹ˣǵдԱ
鷳ˡϯԨһÿ·
鷳鷳ų̫ˡ
һߡ
ϣ뿪ķ籩Ÿոտʼ


97 
ԾķѾǱ, ֳô󶯾£Ӱ컹ڷС
Щͱڼûϵ
ҲΨһһ󲿷ںʢܵ˾ŵ۳, ĿǰڼС
ǳ, Լûŵðɣһʼһ, ŵ, ⱻڷеϡ
ÿ뵽ΪԼѵģľշת˯š
ڼ, ֻȺ﷢ɧҲ֪ô, Ӧֻг̽, ֹֻһΡ
ⶼڶ, ѵҪһֱôȥڴϷ˸Щˬ
Ԩܳȥɢɢ, ôԼͱҪڼ
ֵŹԵĻ, ˼ڤôô뿪ʱ, һѶͨ˳
Ī˹磿ʲôֵ½ͨ, Щͷԡ
Ī˹, ҪĪ˹ֻԵֵ۳治һڱȽϼ, ͺͰԨøϯһ
ѶһͨĪ˹ӰĻС

Ī˹֣ڴһǷϵ, ûһ㾪ȡ
Ī˹, ôпˣ
Ī˹ҼǵϯԨǺ, , ϵ
ţҺͰԨǺѡֵӦһ䣬ȻֵʣҰԨʲôô
Ī˹ôͰԨϹϵҪҰԨ
ûϵתֱӰϵʽҡĪ˹ûн͵˼
Ǹ̫棬Ҳ粻˵
ǰĿϯԨԼ͸ϯԨһˣ˱סڲʱ䡣
ͷ˵Ҳ㣬ǰԨܳȥɢˣ⼸춼׶
ϵʽ
ͨѶſԸ㣬ϵǰ˵ɢڼ䲻뱻ͨѶţӦûͨѶ
ûİ취Ī˹ü
Լķ̫ҪȥһҪ絽ϯԨ
˵ҿԸԨԣյܻظҡ
ôΪʲô̲ס档
Ī˹˼ȥǾŲǰ취ʣ֪ô
òȥɣԾ˵ԨǷǮɣ
Ī˹΢Цʱ֪̫࣬Ǽ¡
񺮣ĳ治֪֪ܲĪ˹Ǹ̬رЦʱһ׼ڴʲô⡣
Ҿ֪ȥ˷羰ȥɱ˵Ҹġ
˵ˣ뱻淳Ƕϵ
Ī˹õԼҪģĶ⡣
֪ˡ
δ䣬ͨѶѾжϡ
ִϰߣĪ˹ǰװװ
УҲܷƾʲôҲܳȥ
ٺٺ٣ҪԾȡ￪ʼðˮ
***
۳汣Эᡣ
ԶտһС飬յڰ칫ƷżǴҵ
̻÷ѾȥȻ֪ԷѾʵҲȫֺ̻ᣬ϶ҪҸģ㺣쵹ù
ĶǴƳǴƣû۳棬ȻҪء
ϵնһͨѶעǴ۳Эḱ᳤칫Ҵġ
᳤Զ˿ʱһ棬ͷһҡ
ԶɤӺ΢еš
᳤áû˵꣬ͱˡ
Զһ۳ϢرΪXL76472022201100ȡ˭øһϸϡ
ңҼá
Զʽˣֽϼ˸᳤˵Ǵ֡
õģϾͲ顣
ཱུ˵᳤ֱӹˡ
Զͷֽϵ֣Щơ
XL7647022011000ôеϤ
ȵȣŲϯԨô
ԶһһļҼºҳһֽϣǰӡûüȥٵġ
չֽţҳĵһӡŸոıš
ϯԨʲôôʱǵڼʵġԶ˼ϸ˿ǰϡʲôû
۳汣Эг۳ϢƳɵƼԶΪڲŵĶ֣ЩȻпģȨ޵Ҳ㡣
ʱʱгæһЩġϢƼϯԨ
ΪʲôΪ۳Ϣسǰͻᱻűǩǵĵûг֪ЩƼǴֻ۳ȡġ
ԶϯԨĵϣ沢ûʲôزܱϣֻƼʱһЩݼ¼
öԷ͵ͷ˾ȥ
Ҳ֪˭Ѹĸ᳤æϼһѸĺܡ

᳤βϡ
Կó͵۳ӹϣ˵֪ˣȥɡ
ڰ칫ֻʣԼ󣬸᳤Ϸɿķġ
ϯԨϯҵ۳ôϢرXL7647022011000Ƽ᳤Զһûʲô⣬Զĸ
ûˣȻ
᳤ҳһǾ£˳㰵еһƼʲô⡣
ʱõϢĨȥˣҲ鲻Ҫ鱨
£Ҫڷ㡣
Զֽļ⣬˵Ӱ棬᳤ָ˶ֱת¡
ʲôΪ֪ܣԼվߵģ·Ը£Ҫá
鷳ˡ
¿ˣܰﵽҵҡ
ۡڡ
ƶ۳Эĸ᳤Ҫ۳Э᷽죬Ҳıĸ᳤
θߴ󣬳Ӣ·߹ЩЦʣ۸Ϣˣ
šƶӦһ
򿪽յļʱһ䣺Ȼ
˭
·ȥֵʱҲЩ죺ϯԨ⻹ɡ
ƶҲ֣ϯҺͻô࣬ͻǱס
ȻѪԵеԶĺңԶҲǲܳ־䡢Ѫ
ƣǱѡ֮һº
ѪһȻǳڻҡƶЩ̾Щϧ
ϢؼıϿѪܴٽƳڳжνĿܡ
⻹ϡ͹ģûϡͣû󡣡
·Щֵ˵۸Ӳǻб仯ôûʲôͬ
Ҳ겻ãѪĹ̻ûֻ
һǿ϶ģǾľԲֹA
ľҲSǴﵽѪ
ľڻܹǱڵֵ3S
ܻҺܶû۳ܴﵽ𣬵˫Sļ¼кܶġǿʱѻҲܹȥ
˵ϯϯɫ۳棬ϯԨǸϳ棬û뵽û뵽ҪϾǰţ·š
ƶھȥϵϯҡ
֪ϢʱѾˣڱҪһռȻ
Ҫڱ֪£ǰϯԨ·ĻԼ
ҵĹأǾѪ۳涼ӵм̳Ȩ۳ļ̳˳λȻڴƳǣ
ҪϯҲͬ⣿
ǣǾҲʧ
·鲻ܴȥЩƼĴƳ棬ҸʱǴƶ˵
סһ
뵽ԼϢĴƳ棬·Щ̵˵۸ᱳǵġ
Ҫ뿪İƶͷ˵·жô
ǡ·һᶨ
ƶôһӣٰ谮˵ٵģֻ̾һнǰڵĵط
·˵֪ˣ۸

ϯյԼ۸callʱ򣬻ЩӦ
ſҪ˵ͱ۸ˡ
ϵլ
УϯԨ粻ϯ˵Ҫͨ
ϯæ˵۸Ҳ粻
ô£Ӧڼô
˵Ҫȥɢģ˵һ澲ϯԽͣЩɻʣ۸ôͻȻҪ
֪ôϯšü
˵
ȥȥϯһЩĳࡣ
ǣ۸ȥ
Ҳ֪ϯԨָʲô۸ע£֪ͲӦȥɢĵҪˣϯס
߽󣬿׵ģЩʣҪȥ
ϯ԰˰üģ˵ݼʱҪȥɭ־ȥϯԨǸ¾
һȥ
ˣڼϯɡ
۸ֻ˵ԼϯԨȥǲҪðԼˣ˵Щ֪¡
˼ţǰɭ־
ȻϯԵ˾֪ϯԨѰ·۳棬Ȼȥûмص¶Ӫ
Լ鷳
ϯһں䣬ԼϯԨʱһҪú˵˵


98 
ȾЯСͷ, ҵϯԨ¶Ӫص㣬ϯԸϹȥֻһ֧ŵ
Ȼݲݱ¶ӪؿտҲ, ϯԨͲ
˵ϯԨ, Ϊʲôû
ϯԵ£ЭĴƳ亹Ҫˡ⸽ûпϯԨµӰҲ֪ǲǷʲô
, Լȥ
ϯԲȻش, ǰƿ¶Ӫţ̽ȥһ
ûĺۼ, һ׵ڽ, һĻ˯
ϯԻһȦ, ܿͿ˱ŵĹԡ
ϯԨҧгݡ
ѹô綼ͨ, ѹô⣬Լ֪ȥˡ
ϯȥù, Եһ, ԵĻ, ֵʱĻ档
ɺִ00:01ʼ, ܿ͹ȥʮʱ䡣
ϯԼʶ, ûԭΪⶫȥ̫ʱը
֪ûΣյ, ϵԶ񣬻קһѿԼĴƳ档
ˡ
ڣʱԽԽ, 㡣
, ʲôˣƳһͷˮı
ϯԻûüش, ׿λ, һ졣
ߵĴƳ𾪣ըըˣôᡭ
ըķΧֻýը죬Ļ˾
ϯֲԤУҪеļأ֪
ϴȥ
һֻ۳ڽ˾󲻼ˣһ棬ҪΡ
Ƴæϯ뿪
ԭʼòвûʹÿƼ̫棬ضäûȫ
ҪأֻȥĹġ
ڡ
£ôˣǻҪô
۸ǱԼϯԨȥȴŪ¡
ϯԶٻһЩҲϯԨʧ˷ȡ
ûҵҵܵܣϣܵļؽǸղҸǿƬϵ۳档
ɻܳˡ
ϯԨ첻µزµԸȥûмص̽գЩҲǲܡ
ȻпϯԨ͵ܳȥʧ١
ϯ뵽ġǸûбʹùĺۼпЦ
ߣϣǰߡ
Ҫģھ͵ļأûмɳСͷе̺ʽ
ٶҵĵܵܡ
ϯ侲һЩ˵ˡ
ڲܹ˺۳ΣմڣϯԨΣգԼҪ̫ġ
ϯԨʧ١Ҳܲȥҵֻʱ⡣
ϯһԵȴڼ䷢Ϣ۸֪۸Լʱû취ϯԨȥ
дƳһˮ۳ϲĵġ
ˮ
ϯԡšһȴĿƲȥһ۶Ƿ
ֻϯԨ£Դ֮һעȤûС
ĵĴƳ治ҵһļأϯԨֵĻȫ˳
ϸЩƵĴƳ棬ٿһƵɫһ䡣
ܣЩƵֻĵλ½뾰ڣ޼ǰĻ档
֮λ¾ûٳڲмصڡ
ôɳȥķصӰأҲûλµϢô
ռɳķȫ󣬺ܿͽɨһ顣
ûС
ܶͷ߳ϸܺˮʲôи۳ھʧˣ
ڡ
ըֳûʲôõĶϯʡ
ҪԼ˵Ŀ죬͸úըܽӴˣΪѾ˿Цķ롣
ըϯԨŪģϯԨ᲻֪ը
ǣǸ⡣
ѾˣĶڱըȫˣԵڸڻоƬ·ȫջ١
ʱ򣬹ĵܴҴ߹ɫ
ϯԸ£ܱǸûҵϯԨ¡
ϯһ򶨵ʲô˼
ܽԼķ˵һ顣
ϯԨˣըը˹ԡϯʱҪǻ֪ʲôǰ׳ա
֪ϯԨǸֵģû뵽£ΪʲôϯԨΪʲôҪô
ϯԸ£֪ͨæһѰҡСѯʡ
ϯԿһܣһ
ϯԨҪȻ㱨۸ҪҪҲ۸
ϯ˸Ľ䣬۸˵绰

ϯҡ
ϯдƶͻȻӵϯԵ磬в졣
֪Լӵģǳ֡û취£Լ
Ǹ£ҿҪȥӸ绰
⡣ƶ΢Ц
¶̨ϣϯĽͨ˵绰
ǱϯԵĻϯûסô
ܱ˽²һô¡
һɳȥ㣬κϢ֪ͨҡ
簣ƶ˵ģϯԨʧٵ²̫ע⣬ϯ˼
ͨϯĻص鷿С
£ʵڲ˼õˡϯǸ⡣
Ԩ軵ˣ˵ʲô춼ϹǸԼʱ䡣
ƶ΢Цûһ㱻ŸӵŭȻǾ͸ɣϣ
һᾡ찲ʱ䡣
ϯһ˵һͰƶ뿪

ϯڵõ۸׼ϯԨŪ鷳
Ǳ߱Ǳ죬ըõĹҪȥ⡭Щºȥϯ
鷢չȷϯԨӦԼʧٵġˣϯԨΪ˱һ㷢֣ô಼á
˵˲Լϵѡûмصľ¶Ӫȵȡ
ΨһϯǣϯԨô֪뿪ġ
ϯյϯԵ󣬼ҴҵĴӹ˾ص
ռϯԣͱϯʵһ㶡
ϯԨ뿪ǰûʲôԾĵط
ϯҡҡͷ˵ûС
һΪôǲϯԨʲôˡ
ϯԨȣû뵽ϯô
Ҳûϯ򣬵ϯԨʧˣĿǰյϢǰ뿪Һ󣬾Ͳ֪ȥ
ôϯ򲻸š
ú룬ϯԨ뿪ǰʲôϯ˵ţ¥ϯԨķ䡣
࣬ϸҲʲô
ϯԹսñ䣬³һλÿ˳
ڿƷĲһطԭʲô
ɫ˿޺дţȴǿһ
ϯ򣺡ҲϯԨҽķ䡣
Щ졣ϯԻţͻȻ˵ڶŵһöΡ
ﶫֻϯԨ˵ԣԤı뿪
ϯһο϶Լ뷨
һߡ
Ī˹ԼķϴһڣͬʱϴĻмַ档
ڵļҪһ׶ȲܹļСҪ˼ļܿͱʮΡ

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һ峤ϰٹʮǽ亽С
Ϊļ۷ˮƽĶǽ;ǸȻ
ǽװʮײСԺǺŵͼ˭ĵҾްǽʵǿиɣͷ޻ͳֻ߸
ϯԨûд׺ͷƷһѼ򵥵ĺϽ𳤵
㵽Ϊֹд裬ûҪ
ԴϯԨӺϺ󣬶ȸ£һΣѾǰڵھŴˡ
ǰ˴ζȸ趼ʧˣȻȫӰȸ飬öȸԽԽ¡
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˵꣬ھŴζսʼ
ر𿪱ٳսڣȸпĽӲȺϯԨƴ
ϯԨ±ǿǺͽײΣҲǸе΢ʹˡ
ٿ䣬гӳڶȸĿڴ
ˡ
ȸеڻھۼķǳɴࡣ
սؿ෴Ӧĵһ̣ԼĶܾͻ½ٷ֮ʮ
ϯԨֽ̧ǽߵĵڡ
ϯԨֽ̧ǽߵĵڣЦŵĺܿ죬ôսȥܿҾûսӮˡ
Ϊͺ͵һмﶼᴢݿС
ȵȸռ㹻ݣսмԷ֮ԼԤֻԽԽ׼ȷ
ԼȸġĿ
߰ɣˡϯԨ뿪

ôĻطŸղųͶȸսƵīң²˵ų壬սֱǿĿ¾ˣӦٶȻô졣
ȸҲ̫ˣųĳûƳ
ڲйֻ£ųʵôǿҪǰٷְٷӲ֪жǿ
ҪлᣬҲųԱԡ
˭֪սĳܽսٷ֮ʮβһ
ɲʲô޺ǵһβͳȥ˵̼￹סʵؼӲĸ߼ϽҲûܳסġ
ͳڶ֣ǵľ޸ߣǿҲƼҲиɫ
ǿά˶Ļ۶գһ¡
ҽҲ˴һô
ΪϯԨǾϵܵܵĻά˶ĳƺīǲͬ
ΪڵİɴеģȲҪһά豸ҲҪͿһԼʱҲڳ
Ӧÿ԰ɡī°͡
һսĻеĴƳսˣÿһƳս
ųʵĴƳ棬ڳӦҲɣҪǳĴƳ涼ôǿͳһϵˡ
ϯԨһңǵ
ûĻڲŵƵʣǵô
ī̹صƵŴͼչʾ
ԤʮӺִϵ
ͼŴֵһϵͼӽĻϵһתŵ
ʮӺ
Ӻͣ˾ϵһǽͣӺͣûбǾԲܱϵġ
һȥڷɴϣһʱ硣
ӺһСͷɴϵںʹá
ϯԨſСɴϵʱʾʶ룬ɹ˻ϵ
ɴͣĵطǻǽع̫ͣۡ
ֻһĿģǾԼķɴһЩԱ
ͬһ˹ϽµĻɫشͨԱѴﵽԼҪ
ðɣʵû̫ԤȥƸ֮£ֻܿǿһϸġ˲г
ҵµĲҵ֮һ󲿷ֶǷҵǮֻֻԼҵˣΪҵ˵ʲ֮һ
֮ū
ÿķɲһ඼ǽֹūó׵ġ
ԼԸūϹȥ£˲֡
ǣǾͳΪΨһԺϷ۸ƷūóνóȻǡū
ҵ˵ĺܴں͸ǽһӴľϵУĵͼȴû취ֵҵ˵ڵ
ҵø߼Ƽÿ˵ͼĴţ˵óס
Ƿ۹УϯԨľ޴С


99 
Ҳǵһ, Ļ˵ҲǵһοôȽĳС
оһ޴óг˷εġƷ, Ҳ򵽸ҪƷ
ҵ˱, ټҵԼӳɣСֻҪǮƼ
ļ弶ĸѲ󽢵ȵȶܹ, Ƽϡǲֵһᡣ
ݺִܿ˵, ڼ˼ƽƶ
Ŵ򿪣ĽӴ
, ܿͬ, ϯԨͿϲۡ
һ߳, ӭ
ӭҵ˵Ļǽг, ԰ŸĽӴԱJL4562š
һĵ, ݿСŮ, ȴһԼľ䡣
֮ǰϯԨͶԻ˽, ˿̴ǵһ, ϣܹ˽˽ϵƷ, پһΪҷɴϵĹ̶ʲ
Щڻϴ򽻵ڻūһЩе, ҵ˽ūĳΪƷ۵Ʒҵĸʲ
ˣϯԨô˵ʱ, JL4562붮Ҫ
õ, Ϊܡ
ǻܹṩƷ෱, ΪƼıȽܵϲġ
ھСŮĴ, ǳһ
УϯԨע⵽СŮĶһ˹ȥıŸӡǰСŮ˵ġJL4562
Ǿһ̳̳ڳֵԱʹõǻϳ塣
һԾ嶼ǰСŮͬټǴӡšǱΪǼūҵˣ䡢ϳɷļȷʵߡ
ķɴǳĿƼɴôƷ⣬ƼƷ
ǵĴԺ֫巢ȫҶӵв֪ʶȼҪսоȵȣԼ۱ȶǳĸߡ
ǽȥҪȥʱϸѡ
ϣϯԨܣ˼ȴûȫС
ǣһȷʵ벻ɴԱⲻҪԭ
ǰðŵ·ϢͽŻϵΪ˲ŹҪ·취ͶԷߡ
ȥ۲˵֮·Ǳߴ鱨֪ԼǻзͼǻϺơ
Ϊ˿ڷɢػǣпܻкתǣûмǰA4ԭ
ȻˣͷɴԱҲȷйء
ȥҽ鷳Ǽܱ£Ҫǿ֤Լ漰ĵȫ
ֱļзգֱϡ
ҪĲһЩܹҪʱ̲ɴԱAI£ֻҪ֫ЭҲ㹻ˡ
ܿģ͵JL4562˵ó
JL4562£ǽ²һ˷ʼĿĳݡ
ٶȲ죬ֻҪ򵥵Ŀܹ
ڲһĲӣһⶼһǻ
ЩƷչģֻڻǲܹ
ӵһһĻʾƷһЩϣԸ񰮺áóʲôȥһЩҵȼȵȡ
JL4562ԱЦ˵ֻÿһƷģܹǵչǽ
ЩƷûоκθ͵ƣȫǿԼﵽˮƽġ
ȥܲϯԨĿĵĴš
㣬ÿһļ۸񻹶ܰ
ſţп˼Ϥצƿ˹ȵȣôҲС
ϯԨǸ塤ƳƷһɨҲû취ֹԼԼˣ˵飿
JL4562ûע⵽ڷǵȻ
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в峤úûҪֱֻܿչʾһ
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û⣬
JL4562ߵߣưǽϣһͻأĳ֡
źһһͷĻҡ
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ϯԨ㿪ƽ壬û˷̫ʱѡԱϡ
Щ
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ϯԨвȴ޿κΣֱܲǣǲзͼ
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JL4562һ⣬Цݸϼ֡
ѡǾѡˣٹֻǲʵѡʵؽ
***
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ϯԵ˴£ȴûһϢ̲סЩԹ
ûϯԨôϯ˵
Բ۸ûܲ鵽õݡϯԴͷɥЩҧгݡ
ΪֹҲ֪ϯԨܵȥˡ
ϯԨĹϵܼ򵥣Ҳû۳ϤҪ˵ǰˡ
Ҳ֪ϯԨı£ȻܶôãûԼҵ
ϯԴϯе֪ϯԨĻټϯԨ˻֣бߵһЩٷְٿ϶ϯԨ뿪˾ûٻˡ
ϯĺܷѽ⣬ϯԨʲôãŽʳҪһ֮ͼʲô
㲻ǲ鵽һƳйϵǸƳء
ϯûԼ֪ϯԣ¹شûҵϯԨ֮ǰԽٳ֪Խá
ϯԨʧٲãǸƳ뿪ǡ֮ĽֻôһΣûκϵ
ô
ƫԶģʵ㲻Ҳûʲôֵע⡣
Ǽ乫ԢҲȥˣûʲô֡һҪ˵ĻǸۡĴƳסĹԢ˺ǳҵĴƳͬһ㡣
ϯ˵һ˵۸ѵ㻳ϯԨʧٺƳйϵ
ȥʺϯԨߵý۳棬ϲʶۡУȥһۺͷѾ֮ûϵ
ϯԨʧµڻǸܣ֪ĳ治ࡣ
ϯԲ²⣺۸˵ûпϯԨˡ
ڶûв鵽ȥĲ⣬ôпܵľ뿪ǡ
ϯģ⣬һ⡣
ûܣϯԨ뿪ǺȥʲôǶûϯԨ뿪Ŀܡ
۳ɲǿӸǵģԼġ
۳뿪壿ǺʲôĻͳڲɲһȥ۳涼ܸܵǣĶ⡣
ҪһֱҲô졣ϯ룬˳
۸ΪʲôҪҵϯԨɣ
ϯԨȻ۳棬Գ˵󣬵ϯҲȱ۳档
ϯԨԼ뿪ģѰѾ御ûҪ׷鵽ڵĳ̶ȡ


100 
ôϣά, ¿ӿۺá
ҽ򿪸ղɨӰ˵ûʲô⣬浰ķˮƽͬһʱڵĳ浰в㡣
Գ浰ԺķӰ𣿡
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ϣάʶԼĶӣŴĲԼ
ҽ̾˿˵ڻסԺô졣
Ժ, Ժ˵ϣάҲûرõİ취
, ڸҪһ¡
ϣά˵ȥʦʦῴɡ
ᡣ
ϣά, мҲ˵Ҳ֪, Ǹһεľ϶ʧŭ
Ҫôô
š
Ȼ, Ҳûʲô˵ġ
ҽļ, ˵֪ǱߵϢʱ䲻עΪá
Խע, ǸԽ, һϯԨ֮Ĺϵ
֪ϣάʹ
Դ뿪, ˵ע, ĹעҲΪ
ңԶ, ҪעϯԨĶ򼸺ܡ
ϯԨ۳棬ǵֻù, Ҳ̫ҡҽһ仰û˵
Ǿ۳ߴȱƳ棬ϯԨϲϣάݸάֶã˵̫, ϯԨͱʲôƳ桢Ǵۡ
ڳǷǳձ, Ĳ̵ʵ, ҽʵǲԼųϣά˵ڡ
, ϣάҲãôȶϣάų浰û۳ߣһ̫󱻴̼Ӱ쵽ˡ
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ϣάл뿪ҽҡ
λڳ򣬾߾ԼʮҵıԵ
ڲͬ۳٣Ƴ治ÿֶĿģ£Ѿ˸
ֺֹǴƳ۳λƽɵģԭ۳ȴƳ̫ࡣ
£Ϊ۳϶࣬Ƴá
Ͳˣ۳Ͳ࣬ÿ껹кܶȼߵ۳ǰ򡭡۳ʹƳıԶֹ۹˵һһ١
ԽĴƳԽܵ궯ţʱԽԽãմƳ᳹ɥʧǡ
ӾĴƳЩܹþȡƾҩ۸Ҳ˲١
Ҳα겻αһƳʧȥ˼ֵôĽǱ
ʲͣÿ꽵ĴƳ涼࣬͵˷ָ۳ĳʣ˳ںƳ١
۳û취棬ҪôƳĵλߣǼ䵱Ʒ
Ѿƺǵ۹ģԼһֱѣԳơƽᡣ
ּϣ۳ʹƳĹϵﵽһƽ⣬ϣľ޴࣬Ϊƽ˺ܶı
ϣάʦǸ񣬾һεƽ᳤
ǸԼѧָָ߽λã
ǣʦϣάǸǰһֱֵĺ𾴡
ôɫô
ҽ˵һʼԤĺãӦò̫ʱ䣬ָܻ
Ǹ΢΢һЦ˵ǸϢ
ϣάû˵ֻĬĬš
ϣά֪ҽΪʲôǸֵϣϣά
ϣάԼѧԼϣάϻѵ˵ûϣά᲻ԼȫΪһ۳档
ҪǲԳ֣ǸԶְǸϯԨ۳ˡ
ϷһвùʦϣάԴ
ʦôʣʱΪûءҮ˹ıҲ֦ԾûжϯԨ֡
ֻԭô򵥣
ǸĿҽ̳ġ
еǰ취ǻɲϡ
ʦѯϣάûб⣬ʱ˵ԽԽ
֪ʦ̫ãϾԼˣ̫ңԶ֮Ļ᲻࣬ŹϯԨҲӰ쵽ʦļƻ
ǸĬԶԵģЩ޿κΣﰵԸϯԨһʡ
ϣάϯԨǶˡ
Ǹһ⣺̸ˣ˾ͺá
ʲôطͬǸӳóƴĺӡ
Ү˹£Ȼĳ۵ġҮ˹ı
ҪĲǺӣǺװŵĶ
ǸϣάһȻҲ֪ϣάҮ˹壬йҮ˹ϣά֪ĻҪ
Ү˹ĶŪףҮ˹ֱϵڼûѰ١
Ǹ򿪺ӣֽȡ
ϣάڻ·ϣҿ˺ܾãûʲô֡
ʦֵ÷ô󹤷õô
Ǹվ׼ߣϵĵ׹ڽӴߺڷ⡣
㲻֪Ҳû㡣
ҪԱȴ˵и󣬴˵ʱڣƳľ״ڲһ
ǲΪʹþ࣬Ƶ־궯Ϊȥϡ١
ϣά΢΢һ
Ϊʲôڡ
Ҳ֪֪ǴʲôʱʼƳľ޷ơصĳ̶ȡ
˵ǸתͬһŵС
Űɡ
ϣά⡣
ǸϾǼĶ߸ʡ
ҲԺܷ̲ŵܡ
ϣάʦеԥһºͷ¡
ǣʦ
ǸĿƿ˵ܷ֣ܲӰǺļƻ
ú죬֮Ҫ黹кܶࡣ

ǡ
ı
һţµ˲ˣˡ
Һõĺܡܼ˸ۡ
˵Ԩˡ
ʣôˡ
Ԩˣǰȥ֪ʧٰˡЩż
ԴӺʢ۳ºǾͲôϵһֱΪϯԨȥˣȻʧˣʧ˰¡
ϢǴġֱܼ塣
ϯԨû£ԭϵ󣬵ϯԨǱԼоġټϴκʢ۷ңҲмֵԭ
ôһһϵܼԼĶһ䡣
Ҳû̾˵ϯ׿˵ģ֪֪Ԩȥġ
˼ʧٰ£һϢû˵ⲻ̫Ծ
˵ϯԻҲҪ˵ȥ˵ȥ԰Ԩá
ܼüͷǷϯԨʧٰ¶Ҳ
Ҳģƽʱ˵ǶలȫҿҲ
ͷԨôʧôöҲ϶Ǳˡһߵĵ
ܼ
뷨ûʲô⣬ܾϯԨǱȡʧ١ģûпϯԨԼˣǰǻ˵ȥô
ôǰԨԼˣԨô
УԨʲôʱ˵Ҫȥôû
ܼŷԼСİﻰ˵ˣȻ˵ϯԨоʱһ˵Ҳʲôʱˡ
˸ԲϬָһ㡣
ⲻص㣬صϯԨʧϢΪʲôҪ
ϯԨԼ뿪ģô᲻ϣάġйϵܼԹĳۡ
Ϲ²⣬ʵϯԨƽʱ̬Ⱦͺ⣬ӵеĸģΨһһϣά
ܼϣάϯԨêϯԨܹȻϡ
ȷһϯԨ˵뿪ǵĻԲڿЦ


101 
ǺƯһɫĸ
Ǹ뿪ϵõӺš
ȥϵǰͬ, ˿̵˺Ӻһλ³Աװ˸ӺеĻٸͼԲ⡣
統ͽսĵһľǽ, ЩߴĹˡ
Ӻ, ˸˾ְ
˿ֻϯԨڣ˶ȥˡ
Щӻϵ³Ա, ˮƽ, ֮ǰûвļǽľ飬īȥЩ, »⡣
ϯԨԴν, һٸʲȥǱ, һװǽϵİ
һǮһֻ, еʱ治̫ܿࡣ
ҳ˲ٿ̨⣬ʮרԱΡ
ϯԨصǰҵ, ƶĻ, ʵȴڷ
ΪʱûҪȥĿĵ, Ҫ̵, ԷɴĿǰ趨˺, ԶС
ųǽеˣ޴ȥ¿֮, ֻšҪǷʲôͻ¼ܼʱ
󿨸ϢᵽЩߣὫ෷ϵ, رᵽ˵ŵļֵ
ܹϰںϽĻ, ʵ
Ƽ, ԰ļڵĵͼ˵Ƿǳɬ, ȴΪⷽ涼ûʲô
ڻƼУҲѵľǻںһ᳢ԣʧܵġ
ͬĻûа취ںһǿҲиֻȱݡ˥ٶȼӿ졢̡ȱȵȡ
ԶĲ˵˵ҵյĻƼѾ۷ˣɱⲻʵ屨ϡʵӵеĻȱݡ
Ҫô׳ɹǰѸһ𣬲ܵǿսʿпɲȱӵǿ;塣
ϯԨⷽϺ֣ﲢûлˣ෴Ƶкܶ࡭ĳЩȡ˲ĳɹ
ЩɹĻˣǵĳһȸͻ󲿷ʵ
ǷӵܹġͬںϵʣһϯԨвȷ
ڵϵʱԻо룬ҲûлȥӴĻ
һϯԨǾһ߶˵ġͷ棬һܻӭ
ͬںϣջûжܾܾĶ
Լڲܳ嶯£嶯Ҳ޲
ϵڣɺԶûͼ£Լҵڵϵ
ֻܵȣȺ߽˵ڵ򣬵ʱԼ鲻йǵ
ǱܴϢˣǽԲĵ顣ţùӶţһô
ϯԨϢ󣬵˱¼һַ
Ϊ˱ݾߣ⴮ַȻһʱ䣬һֱûнվ
Ǳڲߵ·˵վʵģҲ˵ҪҪǱĶ󣬷ȥͻᱻ֡
룿Ȼûеġ
ϣҪһطҲǷҪ˵ܽȥ
ϯԨ˼š
Լн߶ԵʱʹõĿƼˮƽжϣȼӦòߣͷҲԣҲǻļ
ųӵ弶ĿܣҲ϶ǳʹõġ
£վķҲ̫á
гͨ࣬ҲƼļ弶صĿƼ֣һһ˲ƶ
ڽԷվ⣬˭¡
ⷽ˲ԼֻʶһǽǰĶȸ裬оԶڳ۹ܼ
뿪Ҳжʮˣ֪Լ뿪ô
ϯǣӦҲѾԼˣ֪ûкķʱ侫ѰԼ
ϯԨ˼һ󣬾ܼ
뿪ǰȻٵ˹ԣͨѶŶУҪҵܼҲףֻҪһ¾Ϳԡ
ǲŶȸ裬ĿǰӺϵ֪¡
ܼνˣ㱻֪ĴڣܼԸ񣬶ҲԵȤ
˵ԼڳϽ⣬㷢Լܼ磬Զȸʵ׷ٻɡ
ǣϯԨ޺֮ǵܼš
***
塣
ǡ
ܼھưʹƳ飬ĵĲ׼˽һµʱ򣬹
һ˲䣬ûֱӸܼŵͣ
ϸһֲµѶ˿
£۸˵ˣų浰ǰĿһӡ֮ô棬ʱڲС
Ϊһֻ۳汻Ƴ桰ѹܼҪ˵ûԹǲܵġ
˭ʱԼXûעȵϯԨ
м£Ҫ뿪´ġ
һ뵽ϯԨʧٴ£ܼҲû˼뷨仰ҲȻش뿪˾ưɡ
ܿģܼͨ롣
ûɹǶ磬뱸עᵽ֣϶ԼһϯԨ
[ϯԨ]
ܼҲһϢȥѾ϶ˣҪȷһΡ
[Xҡ]
[ʧôãȻš]ֱܼӵʡ
ӺϵϯԨ΢΢˳飬ܼԲʲô
[æ]
[ܣЩܵȥˣϯ㶼ҷˡ]
ϢշȥͬһʱϢЩȣϯԼҷˣԼʲôֵϯôġ
ϯԨЩɻ󣬵ڲǾʱ
[ҵЩӣ˵¡]
[֪ĺڿͼиվŪһʸ񡭡]˵һ顣
ȻмԹһЩ˵ݡ
[ܣðߣʲôʱð߳Ϲϵˣ]
[ȵȣڵ]
[ϯԨǲǱƭˣ]
ϯԨܼϢð˼Լȥôױƭô
룬[Һܺá]
ûµϢӺ󣬷ɴľˡ
ȸͨѶƵ𣺡ڷ׷ǵźţڵλãųնˡ
ϯԨ
ų費Ҫȸʡ
ãٺҿЦ򴽣ụ̈Ͻܼͣ֡
ܼǲçһ㣬æվǺԼնˡ
[XͣҿԽ͡]
ܼǱȻûȫλϢҲ鵽ipַ򣬱鲻ɵһ
[ܣA5]
[㶼֪ˡ]
ܼϢЦˣҪ˵ĺûʲô˵ģͳεA6A5Ȼ˵Աߣ͵۹˵ǧꡣ
뵽˵ĻϯϲʶһСۡĴƳ棬йȥϯԨҪ뿪۹뷨
۳Ҫ뿪۹ѣΪƾԼģ˵뿪жѣǴҪһϵе顣
[ˣܵȥ]ܼ뿴ϯԨװʲô
[ֲϯôҶҲ㣬ƾǲ뿪۹ģǲǸй۵ĴƳߵġ]
ϯԨȿܼᵽۡʱЩ㶣漴ܿôһ£ӦԼۡ͡Ĺˡ
[ǰɡ]Ļһ䡣
=Լ˵ǹ۰ԼҲϾҪûСۡݣԼô˳뿪


102 
ܼڵ֪ȫ, 뿪۹ķȤһֻ۳ӵ۹ϵܵϽ˵ȥûгš
Լô뿪Լ, ˵ôȻܡ
ϯԨֱӰе¶Ƶˡۡ, һڵݣܼܵѯʡ
ô˵ܼҲ˵, 漴ûټ׷ȥ
ϵʱ, ܼϯԨϵԸʵҪ˵Ļ, ǵĹϵǲġ
Ҫǲ, ܼҲһо, Թֽվ, ܼˬľʹӦ
ϾϯԨǷԼĻ᲻ࡣ
[վǽ߽ģֵʱСһЩ]ϯԨѵ
ܼģ[, ץסҵġ]
[, ҵ˼, ҪǱ˱ǣϡ]
[ҲϣǷڵǡ]
ܼ, Ƕ಻Լļ
[Ȼôû, һȥǡ]
[д͵ļ, ͷַϵͳǿ]
ϯԨģϵĹԾ㹻ˣ߶͹, Ҳļǽܹ⡣
˵Ҫ־ĳһ, паʩվ, ǻǵСĽһЩ
[ҪҰʲôϣ]
Ҳ֪ôϯԨ, ܼţܿͲһˣºԼûʲôϵ
[л]
ϯԨǵлȻԼҪܼ
[һͼû˵ģ]
м䣬ܼƺЩȤ
[˼ҪҼˣһ㡣]
˺ܼĶԻܼİæ¾Ѿɹ˴룬ȥֻҪܼĺϢ͹ˡ
ϯԨӺŵ壬ԿӺŵݣаװĽ洢Դϵͳȵȡ
һУӹڣȫ㹻һС
ȽĴս̽СǷǳˡ
ЩΪ˶Ը׼ġ
ʱֵĽߣһˮƽļҵĸ⣬ʮһЩɲֻϵںеӻÿһҶܹǺкеķɴ
ǵʵԵʱĵ˵
ϯԨ䣬ڲȷЩߵʵǷ񻹺͵һԹƱ仯Ӧòܴ
ӽƷʱϿԼڹȥʱ䲻̫ûг߽Ʒȫ̿
ʱϵļѵڣĿǰߴӵ֮Ҫʱ䣬֪㣬ܴԼԼȥ˶á
ų
ī߽ע⵽΢΢һԼҪ˵ʲô
ųı鿴Щ£Ѳ˭ųˣʱദͷһμ
ϯԨȥ黺һЩʲô¡
īһԼ˵ϵ³ԱѾźˣǰǢ̸еҲѾ̸ףȥǲǰص㡣
תǵ·ϣīǷһʵ񣬵صA5ڣڵλҲԶ
Ǽðʲô񶼽ӣСһֻè󵽲׽ǿվޣֻҪί߳ǮôǲǼսҲǲԡ
īҿ˵һBǻһֱΪ20ǧ׵СǣС׹ڸϡ
˷ɱǸѰκθĸ嶼̤ϵΧ
A1-A7ͳƣÿһһ򣬵ٻָԼڲ£ֻԼڵƬ
ͬģôڣǲĻ𣬾Ҫٶʮꡣ
š
ڱ귽ô˵
ĸǱֶԼãȻıꡣ
īҵԤĴϣϵһǣϴ˹ƿ귽øýڲĽȼ۽
ɺǿԻʮҵĴ˹ƿ
С׬һʣҲ̫ࡣ
һҲֱṩʮֽǲǣھᴿ滹ԼҲԭʮ̸ʮֵԭ
***
ӺŽεĿռԾǨŵA5-L36
ڽίϵǰҪԤ
ϵеĶϵֻǵĸϵܻû߳ϵA5ĸϵָǡ
ǹڵӺţ˵һֱ20ǧСǣٴһЩĶû⡣
ϯԨƯϵеεɫ򣬿ȥ͵ƣɫǱ̺εơ
ǿΣСǣھʮλñһڻ٣ǸͷһЩĶܼļ֤һʯ©
ԤͼڸϣֻгֻѲŻᱻϵ쵼ߡ֮취
Ҫǵ򵱳ҲˣЩ߱˵ˣڽ̫ϵһ˲ͻᱻԤ档
ˣ˵Щʲôá
һƯ򡣡ȶĻϵ򿴡
ȸָǰĻϵţ˵Ƿǣźţǰڵڶιҵڡ
ǺܿҪٷչˡī˵̾˿
ܵϵѾˣļ󣬷չͱȽˡ
û˱˱ҲþͶǰҲܰȫչھҪΧԼ緢չ
˲ȦڵսչҪԴҪԼİͼĿǰѺõھδʱܱɵж
ô˵˵ģٸܹ̽ķΧûһԶˣᱻơ
ûбǻ߷֣һļӭٵķչ
ɺǲ̫ͣʱ䣬ӺŵͷŸѱǺõʻȥ
ǵȥԼıˡ
ӺͣںпǱϣǰڿʱ֮ءڿ󴬱䵽Ϻһڿˮߺܿڻİ³֡

˫ֲڿڴվܼ
ϯԨܼæܸȤ
˵ϯԨA5֣ôܵȥ
㲻ǱǸƳƭҪ뿪ĵҲ˵
ܼһ˵ϯǱҷˣһ㶼⡣
վ弶Ϣݻ⣬Ȼе㼬֡
ܼǺڽվģüٶȰһݽȥܳαװһipַĵ˽ȥ
վϵĽƷܼ˵Ʒͦġ
ϯԨ˵ûǿ϶ǴһŪô
һ˵ЩƷд󲿷ֶзǳǿҵɫžͺ˼ǲûƵġ
ܼҳһĿʮпȥﲻΪ˵ЩƷ֪ǸͼƼƷһûС
ȵȣȥͻȻס֡
ôˣܼһ֪ʲô˰ע⡣
濴űƷչҳϵ࣬һһĽļ
ܹ˸лںϣɹʲڰٷ֮ʮ塭֪ںϡ
ܼ
ģôܳ⣬塣
ɫ΢΢һ˵ûҪ٣̫ױ֡
ǲǺǡͼ浹ùȼͱֳˣļֵܼǡ
棺ҵͼλô
ܼͼѰңҡҡͷ
Уվû꣬Ҳ±֡
ϣ϶λķΧ⣬Ҿ˷ǳңԶ
Ҳ鵽Ʒʱ䣬һΡūƷϼܵģţҿܲܲ鵽ǵ·ߡ
˼һʲôû˵
ȻĸЩȤԼͷҲ٣Ҫû취뿪ǡ
ʹٸȤҲ޳Ī
㶨
ҰЩϢȷϯԨô˵
ܼһ棬ϯԨҪȺߵ鷳ʱ֪ʲôֱˡ
棺ҲǸ취
ܼϢͻȻһ¡
ˣðңǼܰæ
һߡ
ϯԨյܼļһ룬ͬԶ˽ȥ


103 
ϯԨǰϤҳ, ǲ֪ΪʲôְܼԼȥ
ⶼص㡣
ܼмGļ㿪治ֻϣƵ
ϯԨվ, Ҫߵʱīҵ
ųȥģ
طϢ
ϯԨصԼ, ǰܼĸնˡ
̨նǴ뿪ʱģ󶨵ļݣΪһʧ, û֮ǰ󶨹ݵĹԡ
, ûݶ˼˵
ϯԨٶȺܿ죬Щļܼӽվĺ̨ȡ, 滹漰һЩˮվڻƷϸϢ
۾ĬĬʱ䡣
վǰ, ׵Ʒһʼʮֵķḻ, СϵֹͨƷ, 󵽾оԶʷֵƷ
Ҳ˵Щꡣ
ֹˡ
վƷʱ꣬ڵλ÷ǳңԶ, ߷ɴһҡ
ĿǰڵǿռԾǨ, ʱ䡭Щ, ֻĺʱ, Ӧñ˷, ôֵõߡ
㣬Ӧڽнʮʱ, ֻǲ֪ʮԼֹȥ˶á
ϯԨ㿪Ƶ
Ƶʼţһη
׼ڿʱ, ﻹ̲ס
ηڿǽվʮſ󲡺ŷ, ׶İ, ϯԨһʶ
ɴЩվƿ, ӦǾˣͨûľ
ھʮ꣬ϲܻϴ
Ƶкܿ˼ȫװֻ¶۾ˣǽηһ˳
һתʵңղűѾ̶һ̨ϡſ֡Ű״ӵҽŲ֪ҩֱӽ˾ע䡣
Ƶڼ
һԵĻ졢ںʵ飬Խǿ־յԽ
Ƶ㳤Ҳ̣ԼٶȽʵչֳ
ƵĿͷ̨ϵྭһϵеĻ졢ںϡƵʱ˰ֻǿ㣬˰˰Ĵֹ
ϯԨƵϽĻɫ䡣
ԼǰƵֻڶʵеһ˵Ǳɽһǡ
ϯԨǿԼ侲ʱϯľʾԶûбֳôƽ
ǰƵŽԶʼһ
ڶƵǻеomegaʣβӤƵǳalphaֲ޻򡭡ϯԨһƵȥжԽߵŭԽǡ
ʹ˵ģлĳɹڰٷ֮ʮϣҲһʧܵġ
ҡ⼸Ƶгֵġ࣬ȫalphaomegaûbetaӰӣĳɹôߡ
ǽ㹻ʵ󣬽alphaomegaĸάھʮϡ
ǣʲôֻҪҵǾһ
ϯԨܼ¼
[ܣ֪ʲô˺Ӧöô]
[ʹòҪΣȻб׷ٵķգǲ£ڲڵ۹ܻЩ鷳]
[ס]ظ
[ܣҰ㣬ӦòҲһСæɡ]
[š]
[žôһ¡]ܼܿͽҪæ˵˳
ƺǵ۹ϲ㷢ʲô£ϯйϵܼ֪ʲôȥʡ
Щ
[Ϊ֪͵ܳġ]
[֪ûϵ]
[㶼ôԶˣϯ֪ˣҲû취ץ]
ܼ˵ɣҪ֪Լ뿪ʱ;򲻵ѣϯ硣
[϶ûǹоĳԱģҪܽλ]
ϯԨ˼Ϊ˰Ǳұ¶ԼֵֵãA5A6ҪϯԼҲô򵥵ġ
ο֮Լ᲻ͣA5Ǹδ֪
ӵǻѺ͵һൽˣҾA5򣬼Ƕ֡
ǰܼ˵ģʣ[ϯһֱҡ]
[ţһֱ㡣]
ЩˣϯûһֱԼʲôѵ˵ϯĻûԼƳȥͻ뷨
˵ͨˡ
[ϯԣᱩ¶ҵλã˵鷳]
[ô졣]
ϯԨüһȥҵ˼ǣüǮ
ܼյϯԨϢʱڳԷһûǺԼ
üһڣȻӱ¿ˡ
Уû⣬Ұȥʡ
ҪܴϯǵõϢǮ⣬λеǮ
ϯԨܼû˵ʲô
̸ܼܿ˼۸񣺡һǧǱңֻҪ㶨񡣡
һǧǱңһһʤޡ
ԡ
ߺ̸ܼãϯԨȥ˶ȸ衣
ȸʹĴӦæڸ꣬û⣬ܼ򵥡
㾡ܷԷұ֤Ҳڵλá
֮һΪһȫܺλ鳤֮һĲеơ
ĿǰУûĸϢһϸµġ

ϯϯԨһ£ϯԨһͷûҵ
ѾɥʧҵϯԨ뷨۸ߵٽѹٴûãҲҲҪ۸ˡ
ڴ۸֪ϯԨϵĲ֪֮ͬҲҲüҡ
ҲǾңǰѵ۹ҲҪҵϯԨ
ϯԨڿ˵ϯҪ۳棬ҪԱǰأϯԨͬʱҪ֤һҵ
Ȼϲľô⧲
յİʱϯֻгںЦɿⱸעϵġϯԨĸ֣ǵЦʧ
ģǼٵģ
Ǽ٣ܷŹһء
ϯͨ˶Է룬žյ˶ԷϢ
ûɣҡ
ⲻɤϯǾϲȻ̲סҪҧгݡ
侲侲ֵܱôꡣ
ϯĬţһ¶ûϢϯԨͻȻ֣鲻š
һ룬оԼ侲ϯԣ־͸ϯԨһѶ
ϯԨô
һԷԼѶ
һµʱܵȥˣ֪֪һֱ㡣ϯһ˵һ߹۲ƵϯԨϯԨĻ
û仯ʲôطеǷɴϵĲҡ
λãȥ㡣
ϯԨͷ˵һ٣鵭ûʲô仯
Ÿôϯ׻ȥ⣬ֱӵˣûȥ
ϯԵüͷһӾˣ㲻Ǵһֱô
²͸ϯԨʲôǾԲ˳⣬취ϯԨġ
ϯһʱ䣬һ߸Լĳ淢ϢöԷϯԨڵλá
ΪʲôһֱңһزȥʲôϵϯԨƽ˵ڹĺܺãǲҪġ
ںΣգ֪֪
ģǸߵĴƳ浽׸ʲôԻض
Σգ֪ϯΪʲôô˵
ʲôΣյġ
㡭ϯ͵ͣסҪ˵ڵĻ
У鲻һ˿й¶ȥĿܣǶϯԨҲҪء


104 
ϯԨҼȻ, Ͳҵҡ
Ҫϯ׼ҲпҵԼԼʱϯ, жȸ, ϯҲԼġ
˵ϯҲһˡ
ҵĳ˵ҲԷλãϯЩʧ, ҪҵϯԨڵλûϯԨô
ϯԨôʶϢôļһ, Ȼû鵽ϯԨľλãϯԻǵ֪һЩѶϢ
ڿϯԨڵ۹֮ʱ, ϯԲûͣ
Ҫ֪ܹ뿪۹۳ָ, ˵۹ǳ, Ҫǵ۹ͼ, һһҲ߲۹
ϯԨڵġϯ˵˲
ʱ, ϯԨϴŵͨ, ˶ȸ
ų, ܱԷˡ
ϯԨ̾ϯΪʲôô, ǵ㲻Ѿ֪ô
ϯ̲סס۾, ʲô֪
һ㶼֪ϯԨܵȥ£۹ͳ, ϯԨѶȳʼ
ϯԾþ˵
侲ôϯԨ
ϯĨһעȷںܰȫô
üһ˫أǡ
ϯԨ뷨, ϯԨİ취һ, ǾǸϯԨǸܡ
ϯԣһҪҪ, Ժ϶ıġ
˵
ϯǰôʱ, еǼζʲô£°˳Ҳһ
Ҫһǰ˵𡭡
ϯԵĽУ֪ϯһͣѰԼԭ
ϯԨԽԽ֣ȫûϯеļϲãϯһȻϯԨԼ˵Ļô
ѪңѣЩʷֿףôԼϹϵ
ϯԨȷΪƭһȥ졣
ôܻ˵ϯԶͷҲ֪ԼôҪڰɡ
ѵԼûоʲôһô
ϯԨʣб仯
ϯ˵Ļûзϣϯ׻ڿҪˡ
ν۹ϲ㰵ӿ¶Ϊ¾ѵѪĹֻû뵽˹ȻԼ
ϯһҭϸע۾ϡ
Ѫ۳涼Ǻڷ۾ûʲô仯ǻûȫѡ
ҲпܵģѪѷ汾һḶ́ѪŨڼ̵ʱɾѡ
ڷϯԨüͷ΢塣
ԭûϯԻµڶ죬Լھ￴Լ۾ɫȷʵǺɫǺѪʲôϵ
ǲΪŲı仯ô
οҪ˵ͫɫǽɫǾѪϱӻʱô˵
Լھɱ۾ɫı䣬ооȥȻûоʲôǾӰ졣
ϯ˵˺ܶ࣬ȻͷϯԨ񣬸ûԼ˵ӡ
˵ʲôûʲô˵ģ
ϯԨع񣬵޹ء
۳¼˷ܵĲˣڵ۹γʱûõ£Ѫ൱ǵһ˳λ̳г档
Լʲôϵ۳棬ࡣ
˵Լ߲ߵĿԼҲܻȥ
Ժˣ۹ңԶ˭Ҳҡ
ô˵
ҪͨϯæȵȣһлҪ˵
뿪ǲǺϣάйϵϣߵĶϣάйء
ûжϯٽѵͲϣάôҪʲô練ơ
ûȤ
ϯԨ˵˼һϯѡ
ҵ£㻹ע۹ڵȽϺá˵仰ϯԻشֱӽͨѶ
ϯԨϯ
ϯԶźȥĻ
УϯԨĲˣұҪ֪ͨ۸۸ô졣
۹ڵƣϯԨ˵⻰ʲô˼

Ӻϡ
лˣȸ衣ϯԨͨ˵
ȸشÿų
ôлҪҡ
ǡ۳棿
ȸƽʱ˵ûб仯ϯԨƫƫаĸӡ
ݻᱩ¶һҶȸæԤϣʱ򱻴ݣ󷽷Ļش𣺡ţǡ
۳ݲ㣬ҵʱܣϣȸ㲻Ҫ˵ȥ
۳ǳı˭֪
ΪһճİˣʵڲǺܶл뷨ӺŵųϯԨȻҪϯԨĻ
õġ
ϯԨժܼͨͬʱӦôܼ
һʼɲ֪黹Լйء
ϯԨԼйصݣֻ˵㣬ܼҲû˵ʲô
ҵƶ˲ٵļϯԨֻʱ䣬û뵽俴һЩϤļ
ļݼ¼ʮ죬ʲôط
ʮ
ӺһŲֿ
īʮֶˣڿ󴬻и豸Ѿȡءȸ裬Ե뿪ˡ
Ӻ뿪ϵʻ빫

Ľڷȫ滻ɴ͵ӼڣٹһǾô
ϯԨĻ˵꣬˵Ҫ̫ˣ
ųбҪô𣿡Щ⣬ϿЦ˵ȫװȥȥһЩļҳӶˡ
Ц˵Ķԡ
ųò߰ɡ
һð߽ӽõŰԼװҪս
ȸͷ˵𡣡
ҵļ㣬ӺԽ࣬ǾԽȫ
ڵʵڹϽߺǼʺڿǵͬʱͻͷ뿪
ϯԨ˫ֽϥϣ˵˵ҾʹһؽߣڳԺء
Ļûš
Ц˵ųڿЦˡ
ǣн׬Ǯҵīҽһ䣬ҪߣҲͦȤġ
Ȼ˵ͬ壬Ҳʲô¶ܵģвͬ尲Σ棬Ż֡
ðߡߡǼʺȵȸָкֻܶ࣬۱ֻۣûвԼ档
ôצ֧°ͣ͵ڳԺڵĻǼʺ
ǼʺܸԵ˵ܶһ
˵ǻȥҽߡ
ǶʲôöɵľǴٵͼ
ߣϯԨȻղô˵̽ǵ뷨û뵽Ŀ궼Ҫѡˡ
ī˵ų㿴ǶսôԣһӸսô
ϯԨ뵽ԼһεĿ꣬ζ˵лģϾӺװݲΪ˺͵˽ġ
еˣīҲ죬ΪųԼ֪
ϯԨһУҵͷλװ鷳ȥ
ðߵĹﶼ֣ĻīǵһӦǺ¶˷ܡ
Ҫ֪ʻսĸĶǺƽٺƽʵ˵һʼȫһ
ī˦˦βͣ¶ս⣺ųʲôĵˣ˵Ǻ׼
ðߣΪʵǼսָʲôоڻ˹
ųװӺŵĵһǳǿ󣬵ʱ򲻾Լʵʱ
ǣ֪ˡ

밢¶ϵ4.3ǿմһҽڵǼĸʻ򰢵¶ϵ
»ͿװӺţȴĸͺţ˭ܰҿĽӺϵһ
ǻûеִﰢ¶ϵϵΪʮ귶Χڷ͵Ĺ棬ѾǰһӺŵϢ豸յˡ
ųʱء
¶ϵҪٰһֵǺ⼸¶ǳ֡ȷɵǰ¶ϵͳĹ溣ٸ
ϯԨӹǺһͺȤҲȥո֡
ôĴɣǳŰ¶ϵٰǺġʱ䣬Ҳ쵽ˡ


105 
սһļǽĴ, ǿкУΪ׵ɫúɫϻǷ
Ҫ¶ϵˡ
ɫͷǽڣͷĴ󸱻һ, Щ
˻, Ҫú÷ɷɡ
ͬͷ˵Ҫɾ衣
ϴ̫СˣѾ˰¶ϵΧڣڰȫ
ǡǡڱʵ, ˭벻ǵ鷳
˵, ɴڵľ
棡棡̽⵽İɴ֣ĿĺڲУ
ǿ, ڿٳİȫԹΪλ, ġײһҷɴû, ôһڼ, ͺѰζˡ
Ұȫ˵ȫʵҲûȫȥ, ÿںϱٵķɴʤ
ܲúȫ, ĻɴʵԼܱӻԼ
ϴ, İɴ, ѵǳģ󸱾
ѵԷ֪ôľô
ɫͷָӹûлش, ǵԣ÷ɴϢԷʵ, һϢ֪ͨ
ͬʱ룬һ䱸
İɴΪһļĸͿװɫκ־
ʵ÷ɴͺļ߼ֶøƼϵǽ
һϢѷ, δյظ, ÷ɴڳӽСĿǰĺѲ
ļԽϵǽ, ǽʱõĿƼͬ, ӵеʵҲر
İģļǽǴܳģ߲ơ
ľ̫Уϵǽ˵룬ٺеֻҪӾܹӽ
ڲ׶Է⻹Ƕ£õѡ
ϢͬʱÿռԾǨ׼˵
־㵣Ҫֻ֪ĸװ˿ռԾǨװãһռԾǨ͵һ
ϴ󣬶Էǽֻǿȥ߼δؾļ۷ս
ǾȥеġϻƷ
֪Բ̽пռԾǨȻ̽һǵʵ
ȫҪһ֡
ܲ絽¶ϵǵܶ˵Ǽʺˡ
УղѾԹˣӦźװá
ڲû취簢¶ϵܲҲûа취硣
ıѿͻȻֵĵȫݣѵǰ
ϢֶΣȻб
ɫľ޴ս˿̱ƽǣǷӦٴγˣЯĹھͳǺ˹
ǧһ֮ʣĺŵķûеһʱǵĽ壬ǵǽϡ
ĺŷ½С
ռԾǨϡ
ûʤˣɴԷҲһأҪĻᶼɥʧˡ
ܹǱⱻҲǣû취Է
ǼһڵзʱͶܲ취ǵġ˵ţȴǲ˰װǼһϵس
ͶҪҪͶһлʱصԱͻ
ȻʧһǺʹ£ԲܹЩڶϣֻûк󻼡
ռԾǨС޷пռԾǨ̽⵽ռ䱻ֶ80%Ϊϵܡռ䶳ᡣ
̫쳣ĺ޷ͻƸÿռǷǿռԾǨ
ͣ¡͵صɴ۾
ֹΧĺҲˡ
ռ䶳ֶܹԿƼɵģ˵ֻôʣͬڴ˵ľԾ̫Ӷռ䡣
ţܹʹֶεĸ徫ܼٿ̫ӵǿ޷
ΨһܹʹռԾǨʧЧֶΣǿͻƿռĿܣļ¼ԣǿͻƾһųɾŵĸʻʧܡ
ðֹͣռԾǨһǵ̫ǿԾǨʧĿԺܴ
ôǿǵ鷳ǵʲôʱǡǰûԱİԼûôݡ
׺ͶĲ󣬰ѾͶ뷨
Էڶû֣˷ռϢ⣬ҲڹֵĹӿֲڵ㡣
յһδ֪ϢǷȡ
ǡ
Ϣ£
һӺҷͣڳ֡رն棬ҷͶҷӹǵĽϵͳ
סֻһλᡣ
ɫརϳڶڿڣһż߿ƼеĹڿڣдںڽǰװľͽڡЩɷӹڡ
֪Ļµġ
ҪûǴǷӹһܻһС࡮ڡУλڶ㻹ССߡơ
Ըǣǲ̫ˡ
Сߡܰ󣬵ԴķʸۿǾڳС
ʮʱת˲š
ɫ䣬ӹʧһ̣˾
ԣ̹رշ֡رնϵͳ׼Ͷĸְ˵ĺܼѡ
***
Ͷˡī˷ܡ
Ҫ֪սģȻҪõǿռҲ˵ָûòǡ
ų٣ǵȻӮ˵˵ϯԨĿǳݡ
ģ˵ȫʹÿռ䶳һһûһ֮û뵽ųȻ֮һ
뿪ôãϯԨʵָһ¥ָ3S󣬿ռ䶳ѧþ
ԭ򵥣ϾܹҵֻҪꡢܾ׼ܹѧᡣ
˿ͬǵԽϯԨֱ־Уԡǡָ˼ֹ˼ɡ
пռ䶳֣ǽĿռԾǨʧȥã֮ôöԷԼǰʧ
ϯԨŽߵǽĵȸ裬ӹܵзǽϸǻûֶΡ
ȸ裺û⡣
īңȻսһҪŹ
īҵ˦βͣģһܲˡ
ȸӹܶԷǽٶȺܿ죬˵ǴӼ߳ͬʱУɡ
Ϣӹɣӱ²ԶԮϢԱѾҼ
ŶȸĻںĺŽеϢǰ˳
īĦȭƣٺһЦ˵ҵİɣһȥ
û⡣ˬش
ʱȺЩʣǵķɴϣǲЩࣿ
ϯԨֻǡǡԼĵˣڵ²û˵
Ҫ˵˵Ļ֪ôԼһһͼϹϵ
ȷʵЩ࣬ǸɵĶǽ˽£ЩǱӵϯԨ˵˼Ȥ
īҲ²⣺ѵū
ȸ裬˵ءϯԨ
ȸܿϣ˵īҲ¶ˣǵĽһūݿڵϢǧҡ

ĺǽ½ţһڵǽԽӡ
ڶȸ˺ǽӵ£ϯԨûд̫˵ǽȴīһϵİ⣬ʣµľǰӻϸļսһСӳԱ
ƲܴܲսȲ˵ߴ͵ͺͼ׵ȥһһˡ
һʮ˴ӺŽĺš
Ŀϻע⵽ľǸźɫˣԷϵС顢߸ŵķƿ˹˺ƺΪס
ֱǽֿû𡪡϶࣡Ӧĸ壬ǲ֪һ
⼸Ǹʹÿռ䶳Ĵô
㽡׳βͷڿɨɨȥͷʵһǽ
Ҷ࿴ŷﳤ㡣
Ҿǡ
ǵĽӽӭλ˵ĵǳ졣
֪Ϊ²ԼֵĹһЩΣգԼ
ϯԨīһɫīҾʹſȥշ²ȥˡ
ڰͶ󣬷ɴеһжǵսƷ
һͶḶ́ҪǲԱӹܵġӺϰˣǹգӺô졣
жȸڣûҪǲԱٿطɴΨһҪľǽǽϵĳԱǶֳ
ϯԨעŰȥġ
֪˵ʲô
Ԥϵɴĵᱻ֣⻰֪ԼԤгˡ
ڶԷʵȫ£ˣ
ǵĽӵĿƼˮƽļңͲӺţĿռ䵱ȻҲӺš
ΪһαĻƷǽеūĻȻ̫á
ɴβյĲֿﱻֳһ޳һһƽ㣬רѺūһѹֵġĸƽС䣬ÿһ涼Ѻһū
ЩխСķ䣬űεĺֻڴ·ʮֵλһεĿӡ
վڲֿſڣһеϯԨɫȻþȫǲŶסзڵŭ⡣
ͬһʱ̣ľޱĳǰİȥֱѹ޷ܡ˫ϥһڵΪֹ


106 
ܸ֪İȻĲ, ĿЩġ
֪ԼһĲãº˳ưݵǰͷűĵ治̧
ԼAľڶԷǰȫ, ֱӾͱѹơв, һԼ׵ʲôĴڣôԼ鷳
ϯԨעŽͷʶ˸ָ, ͲΪˡ
, š
ǡƽʱҲԼڻ˰ɡ
ųʵֲ̫, Ұ
ϯԨֿ߽ǰ, ʵ, Ҫ¡
֪仰ǶԼ˵, ֪Լڵʮ裬ȴҲһҶ
ɲöԷ뿪˾ĲעԼ, 򽫿ռ䶳Ĵ, עԼԶԷԸʲô
ֿڡ
ϯԨ, صĻгĽŲ, ʲôûС
ͨ, ȸ衣
ڡ
ںݿûҵѺūϢ
С
ȫҡ
Ѿȥˡ
ϯԨĹԡһ, йϹѺǧūϢͱյˡ
ÿһūϢֶ࣬ûУȫִ档
ͼƬϺѿЩ, , ǵӻٶиı䡣ЩԶ, ʹú, ౾Ӷ˹ȥ
ϣЩūмЩϤףЩԸ
ڿܼƵסǡõϵʵ飬Ϊ˻ĳɹʣʵʵˡ
alpha٣ʵalphaˣղſ˶ȸ跢Ϣǧalphaٲomega
ϯԨָĻϻţȻͣͼƬ˵ģеЩơ
ô2560ţ֪ˡ
ɨһԱЩǽϵ֣ܿҵ˳еĹɡ
ϯԨҵ2560ŵķ䣬վһû
֪ΪʲôȻЩӡ
֪ԼαװӣʹǹȥҲϳԼӿָ̧ǰĺϽš
ƻ£̶ֳȵĺϽ𲻿һ
***
һϽűӲ˺ƿײźǽϡ
ڲֻ΢ĿƼĹнʱ򣬷ڽеӰʶ̧ǰ
ж䣬ס˫ֵײ
ϯԨ뷿ڣĿ⸴ӵĿǰͷǱֵĹѣϰ˵ӣ°ȴгֱ۴ϸĴ֡
Щ°˿һһ
۾˺ðβŷӦſˣ˽
ʱ̫ãӦ½ˣЩô
ۿȥӳеһ˫ɫѥǱֱȣ󿴼վԼǰ˵ģ
ڿǺڷһ޶òʱɴ۾ͷ
þòϯԨߺƽ
仰õٷ֮һĻ˵ģľԼǲǱص̫ˣȻôֳĸ
Լ̫û֣һ²ʶԷڽԼ
̫ûôƺԼԼֶоİֻΪʲôԷһԼʮϤ
˭Щɬû˵Թܶɥʧˡ
𣿿񣬿ôᡣ
˵ϯԨһϵ˫ָ£ֱϣþ˫ֽų
ڵӺǰЩԶϲҲ
ⶫҪò˫֣Ϊѹƾʵⶫڣ¾ʵǿҲӲ
أֱ㶵Ķ
ϯԨûסЦм䷢ʲôδֻôͺطһ˸˵¡
ԡϯԨֻӡôֱ̧˸ƣкֻǼ˲֪ġ
ôҲΪʿôЩͰҸ˰ɡ
ϯԨݸһЦȤװĸ٣û֪ǲɱÿζ˦
ڿǸƵʱеľ껰˸Ǵľ
ǸǻھУʱĵģֻϯԨ긱٣ºԼٵߣǼһŻͻ³ЦԼ
б˦¡ϯԨǼһÿ˵Цһ顣
ֻֿмأԼľ£ϯԨԼ˵Ļ
Լ϶Ǳ̫ùطˣȻôǰİˣʮǰ򹥷սеϯԨ

ŵĻҼȷϡϯԨ֪ôʣʹѾһˡ
ûпֱʣʮյʱҺһһ㣬ʲô
ϯԨƤһ飬龣ʡ
һЦ˵ҽ㻻⡣
̾ˣַӦԨû뵽ټζ¡
㿴ӣ̫ǱˡµĴֶ˶뽫ԼĲصĸɲôزס
ǶкܶҪ𣬲ҪҷɴѾңкܶʱһʲô
ľļ˵СΪʲôһˡ
ɴġȵȣղŷɴľŪģĴԿתס˵Ҳڷɴϣˣ
ϯԨ⾣ļ֪Ҳڣ㿴ڵӣʺϳ档
һǣô侲Ϳˡ
ǿ侲˵˵ɱǿ㶼֪ȵӢۣȻǡ
ϯԨε˵Ȼˡ
Լԭô
ӺȥȻмƣҪ˵һģһȴǲԶˡ˵ģ;Ͳ˺ü꣬ʱ
֣شӦ˵ģҺۻסǵġ

ǵĽϯԨֻһʼкܶҪ
ī𾪣ʲôų㲻ǻȥ
ǽһͼеһЩūҸղżǣǿе֪һЩ¡
ʱȥٲܽǾ⡣
̫Σˣһ֪ܲǽǵĽӣһԸǡпܷ
õģ˭֪ģǵĽϢûȥɴҲαװ
ϯԨ˵䵱ūйĸ壬ǵжǾˡ˵Ǽǣ˵Ǻܴİ
ʵ˵ֻҪڵˣȻ֪õѡʲô
ϯԨ֪Ǻصȥһڵġǡ鷳ҲôġڻУǵʵ
Ŀǰõİ취취վȽŸȻҡǡ鷳
īȻйǣǱ˵ˣ˵ҲаϾΪųô˵ˡ
Ϳȥ¡
Ҳȫûк֢в˵ľ涼⣬Ҳ췴Ӧô˵ҽҲһЩá


107 
Ӻš
ճѵά˼ֻǻ, Щɻʣ˴أ
ųҪīһش꣬ȸ衣
ô
ȸ裺ˡ
Ǿ߰ɡ
Ҫȥģȹ˴𡣡ǵĶԻά˸оЩס
ī˵ȥ¶ϵ, ųԺ, õġ
Ǿǣǲ֪ųжǿӻǶǿߵĳ羴
ȸĬ
ݼ, ڸս, ų˵Ѿﵽ˶սˮƽųԼҪĻ, Ҫܳʱ䡣
۷սˮƽøղż֤, ȸȴһ˵˸ԾĲ²⡪ųʵûȫӳ
ӺųŰ¶ϵǰ
ų˵˽ǵĽʧӺųϹϵ, ǱҪֿߡ
ǺŵĽ
վ˵, ǫұ¶һ˿ȥĶ
ͷеһļ, Ա, ҪԼ˵, ȻǸԼġ
ǽ˺ƽ, Ϊ˷ֹԼ뿪ֻ, Ҫɱһ
ϯԨԴˣû˿Ĳ̡
, ֪ܶɥĲĹ̴˿ڡЩص㣬صӾ˽⵽ڵһС
Щûһɾ, , ΪȵҲ
Ź, ǵЩȥ, ָжôԩ
ǽһĸһɣһϵ˶תƵϣȻϯԨֱһںЩߵĻ
ʹܴߣҲûֲٿء
ԵȨͱȸƽԼĿǰɴƽȺȫܿƣһ㹻еࡣ
ϯԨڻڵžǹ
ϵĻǷɴļػ棬ī뿪ǰīҺͿͨ
һ˾һۡ
ѡиһɫalphaͬʱҲˣֻomegaЩomegaҪalphaһЩƺںǿصϧƷ

ˣ΢ķԸսսǿװ򶨡
ǰλ˿Ǹɱ˲գ۵ģһ֪ΪʲôõǰūЧҡԼҪúñ֣ԷֻҪָԼȥ
ھռڱ˾󣬰ѹȫ뷨Ϊ˻ȥѡǡʲô
οǿʵǰǡǡҲõͷ䡣
ԼĶλзǳ֪
˵УԼһۺʵA̫Ӳٿزġߡ㲻в
Ҫ˵вԣûЩĵ˴
ʧٶãܲǱ߻ᷢԡ
˵Լɢ˼άĻش𣺡ÿһͨѶһͨѶڵִﰢ¶ϵʱ򡣡
ʣͽеĻ˵
ûϴĻǽһִﰢ¶ϵ
ˣ

Žվżˡ
˵Ҳǡܱ䴬Ķǳɹ࣬δֻʮomega
ڿŵһ˲䣬͸ܵɱԼϮ
ҪڳЩһɱԼԴ˷ǳȷš
ϯԨ鵭ĮģŵȴŲס͹ۡ
һк˵Ҷɣô֮ǰҺ˵ʲôᡣ
ھĻĿȴ̲סڷƳﶼһӵʡ
ϯԨ򷢵㵽ſȥš
ǣˡ
ɫĴ˻ҵš
ϯԨעǰļˣ黺һЩ
ܳ˾˶ʶþģضǿŵġ
ٿžγȷһε̸ᱻй¶ȥ
ϯԨڵӵǸ⡣
и̲סˣʣϯԨϽҲɣ̫˼ˡ
ƺ
Ͻ
͵׷ģǳսȥľ˾һ׷
ھԱߵĹۣûʲô仯ͷ϶ĺɫ䡢βͣ˵Ҳûӹһٵʵ
Ԩ㲻û£ǳըкûʣ¶١ܹҲϣûǸǲܵġ
˵ĶԣǸȷʵѾˡϯԨ򵥵Ľ˵һ顣
Ȼڼ䷢¶һʴûϸ˵
Ҫۼ治˵ġһѾ
˵ıҲûõȥо͹۱飬ϯԨһǻԲĻͨ£ﶼѾǰ˾ϯԨ
ϯԨֻԼ߾͹ۣûô
ֻо֪֮Ҫܶ࣬ҲþϿɿ̯Ƶԭ
ڸû˵Ǳߵˡ
ڵ鱨ϯԨѯʹϧǰûڵõϢޡ
۵£˵ɡ
˶ûüͷڽԼ°
ǳս۽󣬱ѾʤһִװӾĽӡڵԳơǡռ죬ӶŵϵĲƸ
֪˻ǲңЩΪ˿ɳչûжԵдƻ
ѹȻûнɢҲеĿ塣ЩǿάΰоӡԻ̫շͽӣϵľ¡зصȵȡ
ͳεͼǲҲҪ
ֻҪû˺ǵʵǿвõԼȥͳΣҪľǶȡһ
Ҳ뿪ǰǶʵȤҪṩһ˸ʵ飬ǾͻֱӶǾúʵ˿ڡ
в£Ϊ˱󲿷˵İȫƱػһˣҲûѡѡ
ṩʵȫǾˣԼʲôȫǩԸͬ顣
Ϊ˱ϵͨˣȴû뵽ʵбԽʵalphaڸԽ׻˶Ƕͨˡ
ΪӦÿ궼顣
˵alpha࣬ôһӡ˵ĵalpha㣬Ǿ̫շз۵alphaˡ
ϯԨû˵ԼĴ㣬ǣ֮û뷨
ҪȥڣȻڹǰǾѾ˾
Ǳ£ຣˣɵϵѡͬǻڱūѹȡ
ϯԨҲôġ
ϯԨЦ˵һȻǾҪһƻ
֪ҶļȥûǰͼҺǱߺܿͻ֪ǵ佢ӱ¡
ϤĹۿڣƶӦѾмƻ˰ɡ
һСƻϯԨ΢㿪Լйءǡðŵ鱨ϡ


108 
ǡ
۶
ϴεô, Ϊʲôֻһ룬ȱؼϢ
ںܼͨĶ˵ʱЩϢȡ
ܼһ㶣ʲô񡣡
˫αװ, ΪԷ֪Լݡ
ǰ, һǧǱҡ
ܼˣơǣ⡣
Ѿôֻͨ, һҲ
ֺڹǾԲܱ, Լá
Լȷϣôȷ֮һ, ܲ鵽ЩϢҲװ
ʵMҲĪ˹ûʲôϵ, MĹϵ, ʱشĪ˹Ļ, һ㶼Ρ
ǡ
ʱȷʵԼȷɵģϾһͶס, Ҫ˵ܵҲֻ֪
Ī˹û, ֱ˵۶ľ, Ҫûо
С
ô, ϴҪܡ桢ô
˵, Ҳ˵ûУˡ
ܼšˡݴ, Īö죬ԺʶֳһӰ
㣬Ǹ۳ǲǺϯйϵĪ˹, ȥѯ, ʵΪ˿϶еƲ⡣
֪Լܼ, Ϊ˲¶һֻô, ֱϯԨ
ܼ˭˭©˷
˺һûܼһ˵Ī˹һ¡ˣϯԨ㹻ΣҲûб
ˡ
Ҳ֪ûϵУĪ˹˼ƽϣ뵽ֻԽԽҵľơ
Ȼ뿪˵۶ôڶҪҪǻ֪ͨһ
ĳ˵ϯԨȻֻһ棬ǣ浽ȴǼĲġںͲڶӰ쵽ļƻеȻҲᡣ
˺Ī˹ܼͨ˼
۶зʲôôԼ̫ûȥ߶ˣϢûյ
Ī˹ݺԼһʵлڣ㿪ڡô˵ģֻյһЩҪӵϢ
ͻȻԼһνܸϯԨȻ˵ԼϯԨԶһ㣬ڲҪٻ
ڡʺͳѰζ
ϴεΪ˲һر𱨸˭ģ濴֮˵۳Ϣؼⱨ棬˵ĸָȫA۳ӦеģԲA۳ˮƽ
ܹݼⱨָӦģ˵ǡ桯
ںоصķ棬ܼԼС˵ĻȻ뵽һЩצĿܡ
Ī˹Ȼź˵ʵϲ˵ķϻղźԼ̸ѾԳƵתˡ
ϯԨ=棿
˵ͨˡ
Ϊʲôֻһ룬ҪϯԨ棬Լֻ˵һȫԼԼҲԱôҪ¡
ܼ棬֪ôġ
ལðζûͨ
***
ܼںĪ˹ͨʱ
λڽİɽ¡
ڽһΣգǳɹܴӴʵ飬֮ǰѾεºͰ棬ҪĲһΡ
ɫĽᾧ屻һװϣֶôƳ۳ĺˡSĺˣ֪
۳ھʹ÷ǳͣǵľƳûã׷Ǿ޺Ҳ۳治Ƴײ
̸Ϻû
͵۹ʱȣʱ䲻ãʱﻹֻСѡԱ𿴳Աô࣬귢չġ
۳涼һ뾭ѵҲ۳涼òܿƵ֣Լĵλ
۳ľԴƳ˵ǰ˫нܰ궯ĴƳ棬ȻҲܱƵôƳ治òʹþ
һöᾧֻƳҪס
пҪҪû뵽ǸƳȻǳϮУ벻
ԼľϵɫĽᾧȻþȫԼľĽᾧڲϼӴ£ᾧǲһ˿˿ơ
ɹˡ
ǰԼĴ̼ãƾԼԭľû취⿴Ľᾧơ
ϵԽԽࡢԽԽڱټһ̣һը
ڴƳȥһ̾ûľк׼ȷռڵ۳档SƳȥµĽᾧֻȫʢʱ߳ҵľ˵ǹڵĿˡ
ֻܾܵԼľȥƣȻڿƵĹУžܵĽЩԼӿһɣ
ûܱ״̬̫ãܿ뵽˺;սС
Ҳ֪ȥ˶á
оԼָʶӦʱ򣬴ԻЩججģ۾Ϳɫ컨塣
컨忴죬еԼʵҡ
ԣԼʵң컨巴Ӱȷһ㡣
һŲ
ƫͷȥʲôûС
ĵĵȹ˺һžͼܼ˽󻹸1086Ǹ
ܼһͿ۾ſڣһɣ˵Ļȴ̱ܿ
˾ͺãֱûˡ
գգ۾ܼĻ˺ܶ࣬ɲ֪Ϊʲô˼άЩٶۡ
ܼʶô֪ܼ꣬ܲ˵ĻȴȫȻǶԼĹϵ
ô˵ܼü
ѣЩӦ죬˵ڵÿһֶ
ܼһȷԱߵǵ֪ʲô
绰һֱûҾҹˣ˭֪Լʵﻹ˭׼ȥ
û취ֻܵʵԶ򿪡
һȥͿڵϣңԼʲô
ʱԲôжûҪ1086˵˵͸ҽԺˡ
ڵôʲôʱܼڴһģЩǡ
һԼ״˵һʱ䡣
һСʱ
ԣҵš
ܼ˵ȾĵһСʱ1086һӹڽ̨ϲˡ
濪ʼ֪Լڵ״
Ǿռԭȵؿ˺ָܶ࣬оԼܹS
ʵ˺ܶ࣬Ȼǰһ룬ǿϷֹ
ֻҪԼʱ䣬S⡣
ľ̼ԼͬͿƷȻûôףԼʧȥǴ뾫ڻֱӵˣԼԭȵĹƣSŶԡ
Ҳ֪ԼðˣѡԼ϶ȸߡǻĴƳ棬ЧáΣҲ١ȲˣҪS
ָԱϷʱܼ
ңӦиҪҪ˵ɡ
ܼ¹ԣ֣ޱȣ㻹ǵ˵Ƿݺйϵıô
ǵáףʲôˡ
Ƿݱ桮ܡϯԨġܼ˵ί
汻׳Ļ𾪵ˣ׷ʵġ
ܼ˵ǡܡֱԼضоųɰա
Ī˹֪ġ˱ʣܼ϶ֱ˵ϢԴ԰ûʲôǲ˵ġ
ġ
ҺеȤͲ˲顣ܼЦĽԼΪʲô֪Ī˹ݡ


109 
澪ȣĪ˹, ȻM
ǰ֪ϢʱҲšܼҲЩտŵֶֻĹ, ǵĵλǲһġ
, MҲĪ˹
ϯԨһûп, ӦϯԨ̫, һʼûҪ͸¶Լͬһ棬ܴȥء
˼, һû˵
ܼ̲ס׷ʣôˣ
˵, ˵, ô۸һֱߴҽӽ·Ҳ˵ͨˡ
ܼһĵ۹ϲ㷢ʲô, ˵ǵݣ۹ķʲôҲᱻ֪
лЩͬ, ˵ܴ۸һЩΪпʲô
۸ִˣô, ȻҲѧϯԨһܼ֮üͷ, ȫȻԼΪʲô
Ѿ, ˵ϯԨ
ϯԨǰ, ·ֻҪûѡͲ˶ѡҡ˵˶٣ֵϯԨû뿪Ļ, ϯҺͰƶӦѾɽס
۸Ȼ֪ϯԨʧˣԲŻôߴҡ
һϯԨʧ, ΪʲôϯԻôżڿ, ²ϯżϯȲҪҵϯԨ
ܼûдĻ, š
ϯԨû뿪Ļ, ·϶ڱж㶼㲻ڲˡ㲻һʼΪܵģԸ񣬾ϯҲûǿȲ
۸Ӧû֪ϯԨѳΪ£ȻĪ˹֪֤²һܡҲţϢͨĿ϶֪ˡ
һЩϯҡƶܵļ֪£Ʋò˶¾Ͳܡ
ܣô͵ڻҡʱǺܿҲ֪뵽ķ粨ȻϯԨǰ뿪ҲǼ£ԼԶⳡ籩
ȥ϶жҲʲôˡ˵ţͻȻ뵽Լʵ顣
ʵ鲻ֹԼﻹֻԼָݣֱԼʵ壬ԽչűǿһЩ
뵽ܼ˵ҵʵɹˣȤ𡣡

Ī˹ڿһϻ飬ʵе޹أڡ
ڵļܸߣҲкܾˣͨڵĿ˺۸̳еġ
ϻΪ˷ֹʵеϳȫ˱
ϻڣֻ˺ߣŴO1O6
λڶʵʵĸ߲㣬ʵеҲͣȿӦ˵Ǵƾݲ͡յȨСĪ˹еࡣ
ݺԤĲͬ죬ҪƻĪ˹ڽԼµ֪鱨˵һ顣
Ȼ˵˱ֹԼϳֻ֪ƭƭҵġദʮ˭֪˭һЩжǲõģԱ˴˵˽¶²⡣
O4˵죬Щ޿κεĵƽǱȥǹͨĶԽԽࡣ
ϯߵĺܽӦ֪ϢĶһֱע⣬Ǳ߽ҡO1ͳ곤ġ
O3O6ʵĽôнô
Ī˹ش𣺡ʵЩ鷳Ŀǰͣˣܿͻ
O2һڣʯ쾪һ仰Ҽǵá桯ǣĵҿ
˭ʶ˭O2Ϊרܺڵĸ棬ÿһλ¼۳ĵ鿴
һʱ䣬ڼž
O5ȻǣǺǵĿȻһµģҲ˵վߵġ
O1ھͿ϶㻹̫ˣҪվ߾ͲһֱԼˣû06ĻôԼԼϢ˵
һ⣬ϯ·˼ұ˵ԺĴƳ桭Ī˹֪Լô˵󼸸ֵġ
O2۳ټʹڲҲԴƳ氮óĪʡ
O4O6취ǵĳ֪Ȼ̽뷨
뿪øʱƽܣִƽ᧿ΣȻĳʱ㱻𡣡
Ҫ׼

۶ʹڡ
ƶ·һʹۣ뿪صϺϵЦʧ
ϯҵĶôôһ۳˿˻ûҵ
ҾͲϯԨܶԶ᲻ϯҹʱ䲻ϯԨ뷨
·ôġ
·ش𣺡ϯҲôҵ˸õĺ󡭡۸˵ҲпܣϾڵȨϯϡ
ϯԨ˵׻ϯҵ۳棬ϯҺǺΪڶʵģһûȷϹϵϯҾбԵĿܡ
ϾܹϯұƽȺصڱûкӣ϶ὫʵλôѪԵ۳ܵҲ۸ԼΪ۸ΨһĴӣǺõѡ
·˵ҲԼĹǣƶĬһ˵ϯǱߵĹϵҪ֣ȷ˺ȨһֱǱߡ
ҪʱǱҪȡһЩǳֶΣǵƶ˵ƫͷʹڵķ
ôĲòܻϣϯҲѡĻͰ

ϯĬȤĽһѣԴ۸ϯԨԸܵ۹֮ûٹϯԨ¡
ȻùϯԨ£ʱⶫľٰ̫ƵˣûкúڼϢ
ûˣ׷׻ϯԨѪֵġϯҵ۳棬ôƫƫϯԨһڲͬ۳ˣ㻻һڵҪǿ
˵ͳɹˣʹˣԼΪЩⲻͣĺ彻ʡ
˵Լʱ䰢ҲæҲ֪ƽάֶá
Ĵƾ۶ľ·ѾҲĹڹȥãѾҲֵԴһǰѾں̻Ļ᳡һ󣬹
ϯûܷ̫ãΪгˣһĺϤ
ܲϤôĴƳϣάĵܵܡ
ϯԸ£
ǰά°ȷܾòϯǹòԵЦݡ
һѺ󣬻ⱻϣάϯԨϡ
άµûϯԨ£û߳ô
ϯԨʧĵĿǰΪֹֻбȽ׽ĳ֪˹ͼؼ岢֪¡
ϯԴĵأҲû뵽ܵôĴѾȥô˻˭
άĿ¶ͬ飬һת̾һ˵ϯԨ²ףϣάĴƸҲ
Ŀ̫ǿϯԱһ䣬뵽ϯԨǻ쵰·ǰԼ˵Ļ˳ŰάµĻȥ
ϣάĴƸôˡ
ά򴽣˵ϣάºһֱƲ֣ŶٳϣάܴĴ
ҪϯԨȥ̽ҲЩ
ϯԨȥ֪̽
ϯи̣ʵüͷһתģһϯԨȷ̫ˡ
ϯԨҪ뿪ͷˣȻҲύôࡣֻϧʱԼѹû뵽ȻϯԨھʲô¶ûˡ
Ҳô˵ϯԨҲùά˵䣬źۼĹ۲ϯԵı仯
ȻΪϣάĴƸģǲϯĵһ⣬ϣάĺá
ŵΪѹϣάˣԼʲôϵ
һߡ
һαװĻڡ
Ǹ΢̧°ͣվԼǰϣάϵϣ
ǣʦ
ϣάϷţֻбļҳܿͿˡ
ϣ֪ʦԼȥʲôˡ
ֻϾܼԨ£ʹʦЩܡ
˵ѾָˣܺáǸĳĬ˵ҪҴ㽻ȥ
ƽȥ񶼼ڵ۹ҲڻİѾˣʹԼҪ뿪A6򣬶ڶز
ϣάǸԼֻҪõܽСӵĴڳʦһͼԨ
ǸҲżֻǾ
ϣάͷ֪ʦҡ
Ǹ΢΢һЦ֪ǴӦˡ
ȥɣ׼׼;춯Ǳߺ˽Ӧ㡣
ǡ
ϣάӦһ뿪ʦİ칫ҡ
ǸϵЦݵȥԼһǣʲô鶼ԼĿġԼϲѧվȫġ
֪ϣάһǣΪʲôҲܲµõڻʱ
ڹ˽ʡ


110 
, Ǹȥʲô
ϣάԼİ칫ңһž˺ҽ
񡣡ʦϷ¡
ôôͻȻüϿһ, üͷĸˡ
ˣ
š
Щ㲻ǾҪȥô, Ҫ뿪ܾöû취
ʦ
ֲǰ״һΪʲô, ڿûġܲ졣
Ϊ˲Ǹע, ڻشʱȻõķ˵ʵϣά״û˵ôá
, һʼĹ, ϣάӦѾָˡڵһʼƵȫһ, ŵϣάָٶȻûԤôá
˵վȥǸ񡣡
ȥ, Ѿͬˡϣάҡҡͷһ仰Ҫȥʦ뷨
뿪һʱ, ˵ҲǸûᡣ
Ǳߣ
ϣάЩ˵Ҫ鷳æעһЩ
𣺡ðɺð, ֪ˡ
һϣάȥܼϯԨ, ڿû취, ⻹ϣάƸǱߡ

˸Ͻ򻮷Ϊ, ÿʮһ֣A5нʮ
Щÿһǿ, ĸǶ߲ȥĵͼЩȴֻһϵ
Щϵڱ̽б˻Ҫ, ܹ޺͹ġȻҪǳӡ
λA5-L23̩ϵ, Ǹĳϵ, ϵʮĿ򶼱˳ȥ
šǡðܲ
ǡŵA5˵㲻ʲô, L23Ҳٮٮߡڲİͻ£Ҳһ
Ľʧȥ磿ȥʲô£
ɫͷðųŭ壬ĽȫûǵĽѺ͵ƷǿǷ˺ܴŸλ
Ľû˾ʹЩƷܴҲûˣ˭ȻL23ǵĲʹ졣
ðŵҪԱһð˵˽˵ģͳװϲٶļˮƽ֪ǵĸڱûٳ
Ϊһֱûиĸ̫棬ҵ֮ǰദڱõ״̬ҵ֮ĸǸԴб
Ҳܹһǿսʿԭ
Ȼ󣬵ҲˣҲڵϳɹĸʸߣȻһԹôĻڸϡ
ǣųϲ顣
ǰŭԼ侲һԵĸֵһΣҼǵõĽӲ֮ǰźǲǡ
ԣʱʱ˵Լִܿܵﰢ¶ϵΪֵͷæش
Ҳ˵֮ǰĽӻģһ鵱ʱʱǵʲôλãϵڰ¶ϵˣǵ顣
ֺܿ˵ʱͨѶʱλ꣬Ȼһ»شųڰ¶ϵֻԱפûа취е顣
Ͽǵʱ밢¶ϵ߹ҵľ롣
˵ǲһ֧Сӹȥ֧Ԯ
ðܹ֧ӣһڶӶܲΪܲķܲɳȥĽʧУ形ʱ
ǡ形Ӳ齨˲ʱ䣬۾ʵӡ
ĽǱ˹ʧģôɵ形ȥҲֲá
ĽһϢûô
ǵġ
ǵ϶һë飬֪֪ڵܶӡ
ɵ形ȥһ
Ҫǵ飬Ҫע⣬ҾͲһûС
õĽһϢǿ϶ڼ̵ʱھͿס˵Ľӣ԰ڷﵽԮϢ
***
¶ϵ
ΪǺľٰص㣬ʱεİ¶ϵκʱҪ֣Ͼһһε¡
ǰȥϵͬ¶ϵκμķɴУֻҪۿμǺĿ˶ֱܹӽϵڲ
¶ϵôΪŵʱ˵¶ϵǲһƷ׼ǽɻһϵ
ϯԨڸΪһŵĸԭںǵļĸĵĿȫǣ׽ͿװϽĸͿĨĵǡ
ĳӣǺǵҲϲǵǽ
ΪӺŵĵִʱ䣬ǱӺŵִﰢ¶ϵйȻȥǽƤʱ䣬ҪһϵĳԱѧϰβǽ
һļǽڼˮƽϱȵǽҪһЩϵͳҲһܱѡиĶһ˲š
֮д󲿷ֶѵʹǽһŵܸ£èĲǽûġ
վߣĻϴĸӰ
ڵѾ˰¶ϵڣɴⲿܹ̽۲⵽ĻشܿϵںܶһȦͻеṹġǻ
ϵлﷱٵȦһȣǵĸͳƫԶµط
ǧˣϯԨͬ󣬸ǵǼ˸ϢĿǰǧ˷䵽һŵĸλϣʣµֻʱڷ
һſ磬ڵǺͱȳǰѾһˣˡȵȵ˽ڲϵļС
ƫԶһҲûʲôáϯԨǺֵǵչˮƽöҲܹ׼ļС
ܱ߸ûڣһ׼ļԵĻۻڶʱڳļ塣Χûڵ£ķչܵκεĳ⡣
УҲһЩĸڵԵ𲻵κв
ϯԨ˶ָһϵͼ˳
һ޴̻תţһúɫ䵽򡣵ںɫ鲼֮һطɫ
ѧ֪ʶ̫ϵڵ򡣡
ϵܹôۣЩ˽ĶҵԼϼ̫ϵһϣ鷳Ǿ׼ꡣ
Ǵӵʱ䣬֮꣬мһŵͨڡ
˼ŵҼǵúֵλþʮ꣬ڡšôʮ⡣
ʮԵ˵ǸңԶľ룬Ͼںǵǰĸϵڸ㽨裬ܹ뵽ĺԶĿҲ4.2İϵ
ڶԼˣҪ˭
ϯԨ˵ʹԴ˲֪顣
ȷûƭ㡣
˵ٻ˵ˣǻġ
ϵͼ˵ǲҪҵ̫ϵ꣬Ҫҵһݾõİ취ֱϡǡ
ǵʵ˵һʵ⣬ҲǾʱԭ
ϯԨףȷʵǵʵҲǿ
Ǳļļ˴ϲ٣ǲȫ֧һðš
ֵĴˣ˵ٲûɲǳصġ


111 
ϯԨ˵, Цһ¡
Ǻô
ڱϯԨȳƶһƻȾ鱨Ѽ, ǼĴǵļƻеĺ˳
֪֪˲ܰսʤ, ˽ôˡ
ڰ¶ϵǾ밢¶ϵôǰԭҪǷȥյص㣬Ȼ˽⡣
ǺҿǺϷ¶Ź, ˵Ǳ, ʵǽϵĵ°ᵽϡ
ͷ˵ĺܶԡ
ǺǼʼûȴʲôѺá㵽ֹĽ, ÿǺ˲е˵š
һϷĶĲ, ÿӮһĽ𶼺ܿɹۡ
ĵλǱҼ, ڼȱǱ, ҪԸҪǿ
ϯԨĿԴЩɣ뿪Ц˵Ҫһ֧ȫ弶, ֱ˺ǵܲû⡣
˸ԼĻ, ܹǱ, ǱҵĹ˽⡣
һǧ, ȥѧϰɴŬȡǼսʿ, ˵ʱ䶼ܿУǱȥѼõϡ
־ɳ, ²ʱ䣬ܳҲǷǳĿɹۡ
һŴϺ͵ӵıƲ࣬ڸλʿȫ˾, ߼ϯԨԭоγľٵΡ
ַʽʵ, ϾԭǾӳ, ǳӦ¹ģʽ
μӱ, Ӯ𡣡֪˼ˣ˵ǲһӮ
¶ϵǺΪص鱨ѼйǺݾ˽ĺ͸ڶ಻˵ҸҲμⳡµѡʵ
ʵ棬ǺͱѡвСĲࡣ
ɴźֱϰ¶ϵ磬ѾǺıżˣҲƽˮƽ
ƻ˵Ȼⷽ治Що룬Ǿ׼Ӧò̫ࡣھоϣƫھ
һɴھϷǳǿ󣬻ʧȥԭӣ濪ǵľ壬ʵ
˽ǺҪԤѡ治ܵBԷɴϴҵʵ䣬˵Ц
׼˵ⲻǵľȼûһ͹Aġ
ҡֹûе͹ASмҲֻôˡ
Ҫ棬˱ǵսʹ÷涼ֲܴڣμӱĻⷽܳԿ
оˣ֪˺񿪷ܹٿصĴڶ˵ҲܲΨһҵľϵĸʲܴ󡣡
ϯԨȻ
Լֻᣬ˵ô࣬Ǻ뷨ˡ
㿼ǵĺϸЩҲİ취ǡսս
Ǻҵʱ䣬Ŀǰʼа£ͻǿʿս
治õģһô뵽ЩĹ
۹оԺƳƷƷ
кܶżĻսЩսôֵĻɫ˵ȴá
ӵĻǿɾ̫ˡ̲סЦ
ϯԨҲõģǰѡ޹ô
߼ֻһװûġ
ϵںʶȷϣǰ¶ϵʮǣ¶ϵܶӭλĹ١
Ĳÿһʱͻͣ˰¶ߺǡ
ʶǶȸߺΧľǻṹһɹɴͣʹ룬ߺǿʼ¶ϵǱһͨ硣
˵߿һ壬ܹĹ񹤡
Ǻ
ɴǰһж̲סʧ񣬽ϵԵشͼƬȡ
ĨһԳоԼ˽ǡ
ϿٶͼƬûۿ𺳣Ҳ롣
һۣϯԨôϴ񣬶ǰһĻû̫ʧ̬
û⡣
յӺŵͨѶǷͨ
ϯԨ̧Ļһͨ
ųҶλһŵλã㽻ѾˡȸӰ֡
ҪҲԤѡĳԱǱǱҪϢϡ
ϯԨŶȸ㱨ڶȸ㱨ϺīҵĻϡ
ųǺҪҪμӣ
ԼϯԨһЩ࣬Ӻڲ󲿷򶼿ţҴǵӺϡ
ǵλ÷Ȼǹȥ
û⡣īһЦޱȻӭ
ǵĽӺҲǽˣԺѺ͵ЩƷȻûۿɶȸȡϲǼٵġ
Ҳ֪ŪôʵǿġūһųĻڱˡ
ЩˣӺŵʵǿ
һϡ
߽ң߳˸⻹аȡ
ȣ
Ȼųɵߣųôˡ
Ȼ㾣ϵȥӺšһסܺЩ
ۣȻȥߺǡ
ϯԨ˵Ա߱˵㣬ʲôĵطֱ
***
¶-ߺǡ
Ǻڼ䣬ߺǳһۿڣÿ춼зɴ
ϯԨĸ¶ϵĻϾ󲿷ֵĲѡֶǳ˹ͨɴġ
ȸߺǵľס˷ӣһ¡ǼʱֵǮľǵƤͷӣϾһٲĸ¥
ǾסС
Сʮּ򵥣Ӳµĸ¥ǸݺİĽͨ·еĳԺѵܹһ¥
ϯԨǳʮķ⣬һѵң⼸˵ǻǮˮ
ֵЩ䶼䱸¼豸ĿǰбμӱʿСӷ֣ȿȣϾսӮҲܲһ¡
ǲϰߣϯԨһ۹ۡ
۵Ķβղǻĸá
ϱֲĻںǣͷ+ͺ֮лȻȴǶŸǶβͣεӡ
š
ϯԨļ򣬰ο𾣳õˣ㿴ûˡ
ҪǱͷ
۵Ȼ֪һ㣬𾣳°һɥʧǵģԼѾ㲻ˡ
̾˿˵˵Ķԡ
ϯԨҵϣе⼸ǵӦô
ʵǹڵѵǧȫСֿû𣬵ʵ϶մĻ򣬶ͬսʽȻͬ
Ϊˣǵս־ʶϧںǺϵ궼խķƿغҪսзӳˡ
Y _ _IڵִסϯԨǵĵһӦǵ壬ҪEһ㣬ûб⾺ʵĵط
ҵǽȥ
ҵϵĵаڷŵĶǸףЩ⻹нܶƵ꣬Ź߽һҴĵ档


112 
ӭ١
һöĻӭ, ϯԨ͹С
λˣʲôҪôΪǽܡһëӴŮӭЦݡ
ϯԨһ۹, ɫƽ, 뿴һ
۲ûյѵ٩Ŀ⣬ʲôû˵Ƿڵϻᱻһöôһ·ι״, Ѿϰˡ
ǵ˳̫ͨ, ʵЩһһ֡ͬ鱻ӣĬȻ, ʵӦϰˡ
ҪǼ岻, ǵĻѵƾձģ
СЦ, Ǵ·
ǰһһ, һҲЩ֡ʲôͷ䱳βС
Щòϴģ⼸ѵƷʷǳ, ٺһЩľˡ
ϯԨһѵ, ɫĵһƿ, Լһס
л輸¡ת˼Ȧ, , ʣô
̧һӣָڵ, Ӳȿȥԣͼ򵥵Ӧûǳ˳֡

ϯԨһΪ˸䱸ģѡʵ, ڵĶҪ
۹, ˹ƿһ͵, ˹ƿΪӲ൱ߵĽ, Ϊԭϡ
СЦ绨ɤ͵ĲϽеĳ
лܣ˹ƿҺϯԨ΢ЦŴĻһȦڵĻ˵ǵֶ֧ô
˵Դӹ֡
СãȻһ˲õְҵܿعɱЦ˵˼ӹ𣿡
û˹ƿɵĵṩ˹ƿʣµ
֪ɲԡ
ǸСǸĿҪܾ
ǵ겻ǲƣԴûһѵѰ
ϯԨЦȲҪæžܾţǵһҪǧѡ
Сգգ۾ɵʣһǧѣ
ͷ˵Ҳǿ̸̸
ȻԣҪʾ곤СǴһСȻ˳ȥ
ϯԨͼһֱԼôˣôҡ
ǹ˹˵ܾûſڿӵӣЩп
˵ʵûڿЦ
ۿһСңһаô
֪ʵʲôݲȵĻش𣺡С
ǧ࣬ôһС˵ӦǲСĶɲһҵġ
һƬҵֳ۵ĶǺ͸װصƷһ·߹ͲʮңҵĹģвС
ԷԸӵĿԺܴӣҲûϵҾˡ
ͺá
۲жǮһﰢԨǽʳסе⣬֪Ǳҡ
ղһ۰ǧǱңѾ֪ǱҹĹֻԼҪˣͲǶһͷ
ûһСһĿӲ߽
λõˡ
ҽһ£ҵĵ˹͡
˹ͣĶϰ塣ϯԨдţЦúòԽҹۡ
ϯԨԼֶܣоǹŹ֣Ρ
ڹ۳ʱϯԨЦָָȻ˵λҵͬ飬ϯԨ
̲סһۡ
ԭǹ˺ϯλ˹ЦǶ
ϯԨһ¹ۣ˶˳ִڹۼһ£ֻйܿ
˵λҪԱ϶˹ͽղǿص˵
ȷû
˹ƿĳҪǧѣҪ˹ƿȫṩ
˹˼һ˵ѳʹõ˹ƿõģƷţṩƷʵĽô
ԡ
һŪֵ˹ƿȫǼţӡƷʻҪԶԶһѵʹõĽƷʣʮ֣ϻֵĴ
ѵ˵˹ƿ죬Ҳ˲
ںϽ
˹м̸ȥԸϯԨԴּɣǿʼһЩݡ
һţϯԨЦĺͺ˹Ľ棬˹ȥϯԨҾ־ѡҪԴʱ
һʽ׵ʱϯԨԼ۸ǳ⣬˹ڵ֪ǵһҲЦ÷ǳġ
Ǳ˹ͳұʾԺ
뿪˹׺󣬹ʣô۸ȵô׼
ôϯԨЦŵ˵Լ΢ͨŹԵҸȸ跢ϢæѯһصĽ顣
ҵרݷ滹רҵġ
ʧЦ٩˵ǧѣ֮ǲ˯ô
ûлĵ˲ţҪͱˣֵǹսҲϯԨǸй򣬵ȥѡ޲˵ѧˡ
Ҳûа취ҲҲ˰æʦҲǱϯԨ˵
ϻĵ٣Ҳ࣬ȻⶫҲô

һϡ
ԴϯԨߺϸ˷ӣߺɴð
Ҳô˵ǧ˵ߺǣһǧ˵Ӻźǵķɴȷ˲١
֪ϯԨԼһΪʲôӺǱѱİãͬʱҲзգһˮڵǲһǺǵĶ֡
úǵߺǣҲΪ˶žֵܳķա
Ǳû˵Ľӿ϶ưոݣһῪʼ鷢ʲôߺΪ¶ϵĿǣҪߺϳֵĻһй¶ǵ١
˰ûĺǳԱѾ⼸һ̫ճһǧ˶Űһ´ࡣ
Դ˺ܷģϾʶĻͻ֪ʲôʲô
硣
¼ȥ󣬳ֵλǾڵ
һһһǺڻһΪ˲μǺҲΪʸϯԨӻɫشŪһʱ֤
ЩݶǹҿĳȻ۵ģЧֻһꡣ
һʱʲôʲôҲˣ־ƵϻûͳһǰһԹǩ֤󡢱ˣĿǰǵݶԱ
ð·ŬӦԼ塣ӵʵǿôǿˣܲһ㡣
°úһԺ֫˺üڶԺ˵ıԭ߳ƽ̡
Ǽ󣬾֪ԼϵĻһӶ൫ûӵ塪ǿȴ̵£ԸĿǰһ
ϵĻٶ⣬ҪкõҲֲǣοǱһļõĳʲôû
ݾӰǵõϢԭ׼һ߸߶˶·ߣ˵ҿԹʵлʵ顣
С
ѡƥ䡣
ε2560ţΪƥ䵽սΣǷ롣
ǡ
һ̾һգ˴뾺С
ʵİɫͶȦһڣ֮ǹϯֻҰжʵĿ
ϯϣ˽
ε2560ȡʽ
εʲô⼸쿴üεͷѡ֡
áεĿԿһְ񵥣˺𡣡
εţӦǸ֯ɣ
ǲͬģէһۿȥһġ
Ϊ󲿷ֶԲŻ֡ơɡ
˵¼ʱᰴյ¼ַֽ򣬾һԡε+š˶ߺǵ¼ģȻͱ䵽A5
ѡҪˣ̬
浹ùôεġ
սʶõĹֵļһﵽǴʲôطģһְҵѡΪʲôҪоŰˣֱ֣


113 
ϯϵ˽ûӰ쵽оķ, о˼ҵѡֵĳϣоĶǲһ¼豸¼ġ
ǵʵʹóʽҪһЩʤڵ¼, ַʽܻӭ
A5ھٰǺ, ˶ħ
A5ְоͨõģϰ˱Ҫһǳν뾺Ҳһ, һҪʮʤĻӵеĻֳͬѡ֡
˭˵ǡ, ȻεӮˡ
˵ûϰ°ôഥצ, Ҳǰצٹڶųмε2560ָָ㡣
һ, ûʧ
ձ, һƥľǰ, һֱŵľڡ
ûʲôɡ
ܣʵôǿ, Բû
Ϊϰٸ, ڶеȻ֪ȸߵ͵, һ˵֪Ⱥ͸ʵʵҹ
ΪԲһƽ̨, ĸĸսóʲô, ôﱻǵһɶˡ
εıǺпͷģҲû, вֱ佫תġ
ĸն˵ƥϢһֿģȻͼâ, һӰ֡
Ϊ׬Ǯɴ, ΪӦڵս, ΪսŵͬѹԼ˻ʱ򾺼֮Ǳҡ
ֻӮ, 䡣
СҵȻô̡
֪ǵ̫˼̫ǿʹսӮѸţͬƥʵǺѡ䡯
AڵϣΪSľӵ١ڶУܶASʷ˵Ĵڡ
ȴһɫAֲǰͺǿÿһ˵ʵﵽܹﵽļޡȼȻû䣬ȴǿˡ
ǺûпʼϯԨ֪ԾǵʵܹͨԤѡԤѡ֮󡭡ɽǰ·ڼҲûá
һӮⳡ˿û
һߡ

ҵ֡
ϿγɶеĻ·Ҫһĵʦ⻹ҪĵĲϡ
ĵĲϵֻϯԨ۴˿̲ߡ
ùԼȻǹģȥ¶ߺΪ¶ϵ⿪ҵ⻹мùĵط
ϯԨûߺǣ˵ǲ֪ߺϵĺ緽ץסİȴ֪ġ
ǴԼȥģ۵Ļı⡣
дйںߺϵټ鱨˵Ҳס۵ŵģΨһĵľ۸յˣһвϤ
˵ĶԣԼһֱе鶼ϣйڵϢĿǰҲʺϸīǡ
ҲҪԼ۸ⲿʵġ
۵ʵĲ˵ԱǴ´ࡣ
Ƿ˲ǸҲܶԸģҪʱܹͺǶ
ҲǺǱ̫СĽڵϢȻûм¼ڽӵϢ֪֮١
ϯԨڵþ֪Ųͬϼϸ΢𣬵ϵĲϺõĲһҵƵƷǺ׵ġ
ǧٷݣȻȥַ
һݵĲϼ۸һǧǱң⻹ͼĲϣԱЩĲǧסѾԤܹѡʵĲˡ
Щķ࣬һγɹҲ
û⣬Ժ͸ȥ
һҴ꣬ҪĲҲʲôĲϣЦݵĴӦ
ϯԨ˶Ȼ뿪ҵꡣ
˫ֲڷ¿ڴҵֵ˵ţϴŵ̵ͨƱʾͨС
ͨīҴġ
ųҪĽѾӲֿ˹ȥˡ
ϯԨšһʾԼ֪ˣī˵ͣīҽӴ͡εйص¡
ʱҲڣʲô
֪ˡīһ㶼þȡ
ͨϯԨڽֱߵĳϡ
īǱ˸ںŪȥ˵ǾǱԼˣȻжҪðšԼһǵȷսȻͬ⡣
εðţðŵ鲻ģΪεĿǰп֧ϯԨڳеεĿ֧ɡεڲԼ
ţڡεΪǵĿͻʳѣ007Ϣͣܶš

ߺ⣬һһͷĻʻͣ
ӷɴͷˣ;û֮ͣǰѾ֪ԼĿꡣ
ĽӳºϿжΪݻˣȻµĵĽӣܴݻûһϢش֤˵ʵ򵥡
ܲǱΪ齹ͷöҪ֪ǵĽѺ͵ĶǱԤõĻһûˣûа취ʱ¶ǵҵôܴ
Ϊ形ӵĽ͸ǵļ֪ߺǽױȡµȥģҲǺܲ⾿һ֡
ҲһԭǺǵĵ˲٣ųɶҲҪЩʱ䡣
ǰӦǵǺʼʱ䣬˱ƽʱ࣬һûУò顣
֪⡣
Ĵĺܸɾһ˵Լ뷨
Ľĸһ滹ôֵɹ۵ĻĽӵֻҪûͲѷɴͻﶼ
ǲһ¶ϵһڹĽӺ뿪ˡ
ţԺܴ󡣡
Ե򣬰¶ϵ֮һȥߺǻһ񡣡
ڰ¶ϵһŵҵϵУȻûŵϣҲࡣ
ߺǵĺкܴ󣬱ϾǰϷĻɫҵ
еö֮ķҵֵĳһ㳡ˣеǴеȴǴС
۰հ˵ķС
ڽ֮ǰԼһαװ
ڸķװﹺĺɫñĳۣΪ˱ñ»һ沿ߣþסԼ˸֪
ںҪڸԼݣհķ۶ñ翴ֹ֣ɶԱַָĴŴͲôˡ
λڹ㳡ĵ£ж۲֪ݰ˵еķΧܴ󡢳ڷǳĶࡣ
ʲôеȻҲ鱨
ûȥҰ˵鱨ӣں
ôĺУ鱨ĲֻôһϯԨҲ˵ֺһСˡڣֻԼܲϡ
λҵһڴһҳļꡣ
Ǹոյִߺǵͷˣ³߽ҵꡣ
ĸߺǵĲҵڶԺбһ̶ȵĴۺ󣬻˺гڵʸֻ֪ڲԱ


114 
̵̤ӭ, ϹЦݣϰڵˣ롣
ҵĿ·ڵǱԱͶԷν, ԼȶԷĻҪһЩ
Էںһ, ͷڿȭڵڡ
·˺ܿȥʣˡ
, þò·ûж, ֱ˵ѾźüˣֱȥҰ롣
ͷ, ȻʣʱûյϢ
û, ܻĵط˼, Ϣܵһʱ֪
شҲûʧ, Ҫǿ·֪Ϣϱˡ
·ߵԱߵԱ߲£֤ͨԶת¶˺治ϸ̫ǽ档
ڽеڶصȷϺ, ǽϳһš
αװ·˵ŽͷֵŵĶݸǡ
ĳԱһ, Ҳëɫͬ, һ͹ˡ
ӹ͸, ǳʱڻαװһµĺ, һζôһ粻֪ٺͺǲԸš
ǽ밵Ŵһµ¥, Ȼ˺еһ̵С
Ȼ̵Ҳǵľݵ㡣
ںڴҪȥ·ղŻ˵İ롣
ǳפߺҵ⴦ɫг鱨, ۸鱨, µ鱨Ǳ鲼A5
ߺΪҵڶԴе̬Ϸǳ, , ҵ˵ĿǾǻɫס
ʵʵѣǾǺϷ⡣
ҵֵµĺзǳӴ󣬻򣬿˵A5ĺУвϳֵĽƷҵҡ
A5Դֻ۱ֻۣһΪЩۣҵ㹻ӡ
鱨٣һúúõǾûˣеٮٮߡ
ںеĵէһ͵ҵֵĵû𣬿ϸһͻᷢеĵ궼صģһ֪һҼֻխſڲĵʲôġ
Ÿֽһҵꡣ
Ǹ߽ȥͱסˣסǵһڴˮͰĴߣΨһڵĶ
ζţȴǻԲǼͨ
ܳס
ǻеϵĲȻﵣߵĽɫ̫ٿû⡣
ƯǵһԴ˺о飬˵仰ʱ̲סǳ鴤
ܳȷͨС
ɫοϿһڣܿĽݡ
ֻ׼һȥ
ҡԸ˵꣬Լȥ
һڵķ䣬ֻнλһյƣԼûвһ塣
ʱͷϵϢıպϣǽһĻ
Ļһ⿴ģӰע⵽µββڵϣβͼʵŵ档
ӭӭһʲôʱ˰ɡͳöɤЩζЦ⡣
Դ治ɫǰ漸εĽҲķʽ
״ˣܹʮҡ
A5󲿷鱨İ룬ֵ㹻ѺԼءоA5ܵüסA5ԱʲôӲźá
Цһ˵˵⣬֪ʲô
֪һA5ûֱūλϡ
⣬ʮǱҡ
˵ţǰһСƽ̨ˢ
ֱˢ
ûС
ۻǻֵûС
Ҳ˵ǸϮ˵ĽӵûгֱūͲˡڲϮӵὲЩֵƸū١
ȻôһۣȻŲɡ
ЩǣūҪǻᷴѣ˶֪ôѡ
ǽϮǵλںͬϣ֪Ϯ˵ĽݣôҲ뵽ĽǱˡˡ
ǵһﱻˣϢûд֪״˶ûжš
Ȥʣ֪
Ϊһϸ鱨ӣȵԼפһĶֵصϡܲɣ¶ϵڰĿϼңڰ¶ϵ£塣
ʵЩ죬ĿǰΪֹԼϵϢҲ࡭
в˿°˵֪ǲ֪ȥҵˡ
ɫԣ鱨ϡ
˵Ű뿪ۣȴٳûеȵ뿪ڣЩɻ
״ˣ
뱾飬ع˵֪ҿǵĳ⡣
ʮǱң֡
ĺܺãǺǵжԵô֪һҲ͹ˣҪûټҲ١
֡ôֻܸ㣬֪
㶣Ҫǰݷ뿪ֳֶ֪֪Լֱۣв
Ҳ룬ûбֳ
ҲǺװ״˼Ĺؾ֪Ż˿ۣӦòԼЦ
ҵȷ֪ʲô֣ǸҸĴǡS˵ͣסˣʮǱҲֻһ仰
ǵһ֪Ҫ۸ߣֻһ仰û˺̲ס
Ҳ࣬鱨漰桭˵Ƕ˵
ǧǱңҸȫ鱨
ıһ״ˣ۸Ҳ̫
Ҿúܻ㣬һļ۸ĺüҿ׵ĸ㣬ǵ鱨ֻУҪԼȥңҪѵʱɱЩǱҸ󡣡
˵ѻ鱨ʵȺҪ۸ߵȣҲ⻰ġ
һֹǧǱң۸ܰ󣬶Ժ˵ҲЩ˽ǡϾǵֽ࣬ڷֵȫҶ˵ϣ͵ر׬
ǧôһ֧Ҫȥܸ
뵭˵Ǿ͵ɡ
ÿһЩ鱨ֶʵʱ£ϵʱ̫´Ͳˡ
ס˵Ҵ뿪
µķĻϵĹâ˲Ϣȥȴһλߡ


۱һֻ˸ߵֻ󻹻˵˻
Ҫ鱨ǵȻλˡ
ãҵƼ׼ûλ˿ɲ˭ŵġ
ڵʱľ鱨ţִĶˡкܿαװһģ㣬ֻǱ㡣
ɫƤëͷһغɫʯź˵԰κ⡣
˵׼ĺõ˵ǣǰ鱨ӳˣҸ׵ģ۸治⣬鱨ĿŶҪߡ鱨Ҫ㡣
һ͸Ƽˡλˡʾ֪ʲôû⡣
˵ѡ
˵ҲνǰֻʵԼһֻ־
ҲΪʲôһߵԭ򡭡һֻ߽⣬ⳡȥǹŹ֡
ܳס߿ڡ
ǶôˣðɺðɡƯ˫ֲһ˵һ߷˸ۡ
ܳͨ
ͷ˵һֻһˣԼȥɡ
ллˡ۴ƤһǧǱҵݸ
᲻úײǣǮ࣬µĸǶδͶʣڷǳбҪĻ
õǮЦüۣллϰ壬ϰϣ´λлΪ񡣡
еģԼǮûôá
谵ĵ¡
۴ĻĴڣϰȫںڰУֻβ
A5ȁVβΪԱǺ뿪ԼȦ˾A5ҲѿǵӰ䡰ټ̶ԺͰ
μ棬ǰ룬һ鱨ˡЩЦ⡣
֪ʲôʵġ


115 
վıֱ, û̿ڡ
鱨ǿ϶ҪʵģΪľȨҪԼϡ
鱨ӵ˶, ĺ˵һA5鱨̡ôԼѯϾҪС, ñԷԼϢ
˵Ҳߴ١
״˼һӺ󿪿ڵȻA5鱨̣ô϶ʶðšɡ
ðA5С, A5ı, 뵱Ȼû仰ֱǷϻ
°, оȤˡ
ǰŸ, ž˸ԺǸȤ, ôɵô֮᲻ʲô
Ϊһ鱨, ֱ⡣
κι鱨ϵݣҶҪշѵ, ĵһô뷴һ, ½Ȩ
ԻƺҪвȥˡ
ڰ˵شһʶ, ʧȥȴȨ, ǰԼʵʵļһǱԼĻش
Ҫ֪, ˵鱨Ǻܹġ
˵ǡءͳָ䡣
ҭ˵ĴһǱҡ
Ǯ׬˵, Ϊһֻܿ鱨ά鱨ҵԱ벻Լʲô⡣
ֵͼ鱨һҲǺǰһˣ˵ʲôɡ
տһǱҡ
, û뵽ˢĸɴࡣ
ðڱ, Ϊһ, ҵȻʶǡ
شڹ۵֮, һǱҿɲΪ˵õûõĻشΪѼ鱨ͬУӰĿлЩ
ʶǣʶͺѰζˣ鱨Ľס
ֻǲ֪ͺ֮ĹϵͣһϣֻǵиϵƩ˵顭
׳ڶ̽ʶǾͺˣҷϣܹǵ鱨ϣԽϸԽá
ȻˣƲܲõ鱨Ϣ
ζЦ˵⵱Ȼû⣬ΪһˣֻҪǮһж˵
Ҫǵ鱨Եطˣҳ鱨˿ɲࡣ
ϣǱ㹻࣬ǵ鱨Ǻܹġ
۴ݲȵĵȻҾȹһЩȤİɡ
ܲ鵽鱨ϺͲܲ鵽ĶĲˣӺһλİԱѺǲ׳һⶼûС
Ǻ׷漰ǲҼˣϯԨȫֱöȸ㶨ĿǰЩҪģҪǺûˡôA5Ľ֮ô
νҪȫ鱨ĻֻǸڣҪںA5ڰ¶ϵĺ

鱨׵Ĺ̺죬ǶõԼҪġ
ԼʧȥǱҵõ鱨Щ鱨ȴá
뿪׵ĵ·»صϣɫ̫ÿǲ౻ˢľ
·
͸ͷſһ˵ķ䣬ȴоȤ
ǵĽӱϮ̫ճ֪ˣ鱨ֶȻģܵʱ̹עŲܵõԼҪġ
ĽӱݻٵϢ˵ȺǱյĻ졣
Ͼ͵ĻǺ˵ģҲһݹעֻû뵽ڰ;оûˡ
鱨ʵΪֹϿ⣬ôݻٺǵĽӵĲ֪
ԽԽȤˣA5˵ֺһţȲֶӿԿˡ
ҵ֡
ۻָ˱ӣαװƷյ˿ԴƷֻУϹʿԼסĹԢС
ڰʿڵϣ۾иŸռ뵽ȥǰļ䡣
һʲô
ȷһ㣬ﷴ˼Լﱩ¶ˡ
ȽͰӴǵһҲ⣬벻֪ԼݡԼڵݸɸɾûκ⣬
ôֻԼЩ鱨ðʲôܹԼҪ鱨ʹԺǵĽӱ˽⣬Լ̽õϢ
ԼȥҰ֮ǰ϶Ѿ֪ˣôλ˼᲻ȥǿ϶
϶û鵽̫Ķ
۶ԴʮƶϯԨ±ץβͣοɵǵĽӵǲ֪ϯԨڵӺʲôϵ
Ψһ޷εӺź͡ε֮ϵȻзȻҪͰԨ˵һ
ʮһٶʮ㡣
ϯԨĸ˵
۵Ǻ͵Ǻ󣬵Ӻεϵ࣬жȸڣϢȫ治õġ
ĿǰҲֻڲԱ֪Ҿ£֪ĺһ룬ǲ˵ȥġ
˵ģ˵һ¡
ҹ鱨ѵǱұԤƸ߳ܶ࣬ϿȷǺͰкϵڡţٺǵ鱨ڰϹźܸߵļ۸񣬲ġ
˺ǵ鱨תͷҲһоǺܴܺǷѾҹ룬ܰǰûеǣ֮϶顣
A5һǵ˶á
رǻǺεһЩ˵ע⡣
ϯԨʲô뷨ֱ˵ɡ
ֱ˵˵ڰǳǵ鱨ǰɺ
취ѵĵطûкʵĳ룬ǮӦҲ𡣡
Ӧȥǿ϶ϯԨü
ǿûʲôǮ
ڵľסɣûĻҪĻסϰ¡
ϯԨķ䳯ϣ̨شսűߵϷѵһõֽ䣬ŵĵطûи˵ˡ
˿ڴϣ˸ӵ档
ƽ²߳·ߣôֻ÷ǳֶδĿˡ
ۿһۣ֪֮æ˵ڰѾ뷨ˣ½ҽ
áϯԨӦĺܸɴࡣ
Źһ
Ϊ˾ѣһ䣺Ҹȸϵʽ϶Ҫİ
ֵϯԨģʲôҪֱӴε˾ǣϢҲֻжȸܰæˡ
***
ʮ
¶ߺǣǼʸۡ
ոսķɴϳ˿ڷθһ˳˳ķš
һĻߺʱ޿̲ڷţǺ뿪ʼʣ죬ǰҪ
վڵȥܿһ޴ĳڴϡ
ӻڡ
˿꣬ڱȶԹƬϳ
άãһθжĳԱ֮һ
άҲϣάڽʦǸٶȸϵ¶ϵһεжֻһˣʦԱһж
ջؿ־Ŀ⣬߷ŵǰĴƳϡ
S
ʦһǺϳֵ־ڱصãһεһ͡Ү˹ıƵƷ֪ôǺһεĽƷ֮һ
һεڸ֪۶
֪ҽԨʹƸûУȻطһ°ɡ
ЩìܣлЩǡԼԨôأϣάû뵽һԼȻԼôûġ


116 
ϯԨеѾĵĳ, վһ塣
ԴӺ˹ͿʼõĳûϢʱ䡣ÿ˱Ҫ˯еʱ䶼ϣҲľ, ͳԲˡ
, ҲԤѡʼǰǧѳġҲҪôżͨԤѡԡεĳԱԲ̫⡣
ϯԨҲһεǺǺƷеĳһܸȤȻû, Ҳ־ˡ
ǺǰһεѡֲԻüֵƵĽƷ, һ˵ȥ˵Ǳҡ
ɣϯԨĺȱǮ
ε֯ڷչ, ʲôȱ, ȱķǱĪ
3Sľ, ˵ǰһ, ǰһû˵һȻΪǿиǿ, þٿ̫ӵսʽȥõĲͬ
ٵϻû, ܹ3Sľӵսս
˵ɢ˼ά

ŽǾ
վſڵľȫģ, °ûжһӾƭ, þ֪ȥͻᷢ־ûиı䡣
ԭʵ̫עĿ, ΪܹԼƽһЩʵһЩαװǱġ
ۻûƭ, طҵûط½šΧֽ䣬ǳ鴤Щ
£ɫЩ԰, ֵǵĵԨûˡ
ѡϯԨ⡣
⻰ھ, ⼸һֱľı֡
ѹɫôѿ, ʱľҲס
治ż, ԤѡıʽѾȷΪУϢϢˡ
Ҳֻв㹻ĳأܹӴ󵽿ƿ̵Ĳǽг
֪֪ǺȻܹ۹ʮڲߵʱ򣬱Ƕôļʮڰ͵ıҪǾﵽD
ܲҳôDӵ߶Ǹ⡣
ţеѣϾϾԱҹalphaomegaӵоȼвͬbetaĻǰȲЩԶӵоࡢȼߵҲ١
betaƾӴʹг־ӵߵܹalphaԼomegaƽ
ϯԨԴ˲þȣԤѡһǲ֪ıûб仯
ʲôǶġ˵뵽һβֲһ䣺ٲ̫졣
ϯԨЦҡҡͷûзϾĻ
Ǿ˵ģܶôǵʵôֹǰڡ
ڵΪʲô
һţЦ˵㲻˵ҲˣⲻǻԤѡҪʼôҰ齻úԼһԶٷ
ԴطԺûúĹ
ϯԨüʱæĽŲմأԼû
˵ˣ
֮ǰϵˣ˵û⡣ʱ䣬ӦѾҶõĲˡһ˵һߵߣļ
æôҾȹȥˡ
ɢ˵Ԩǲָ۳ˣȻôô춼ûң
µ˲ţ˭֮ܿĹϵܺá
㲻Լ
ûҲ㰡
ǰŸյžͱİ
;˵һѾڰˣϰһðʳƱƶѾںá
⿴ɲǼ򵥳ԸϯԨŸԼƵľ
žƺߵߣϹһĨЦ˵ôĲǲǺܲ
ţ˲˽ǮƱҡҡƴ˱ǣһž֪۸񲻷ơ
һʲôأӮĺôΪ˽ҿÿ춼һСʱ˯ʱ䡣
ǶһСʱȥ۸˰ɡǣһĻȣһھƵζѡģ
Ȼءһۡ
ҪǱʱ䱸ĥİô۸һ棬֪᲻һʹһ߾ôġ
һΪǾñطϴµģϯԨǲԼͬĽĿǰķʱ£ɵš
ȻЩʳǰԵв𣬵ˣҵϼҲĲһɻҲ˼
ΨһһĺܺóԵģһɫζϼʳƵĲɫֹǻ˾˼Ϊ˽̻ʦͲˡ
ۼһǴＹЦЩ
һΪ³
ûաߣԼǱƻش𣺡ʲô˵ˣһ
ϯԨݸһЦеıӺһ¡
ͷ֮ƱյĿʼžĵϡ
ȿȣԨһ㡣
һȶͷն죬ڳ۶֪ѡľƿƶѻԶԶʱ
ʲô
Ŀʣôۣ𡣡
ϯԨĬˡ
ڿСܶడûжʮꣿ˵Ǹδꣿ²ûõĻشһ飺ȥ㲻ᱻ˵˰ɡ
ûꣿ
þƱǣñ¶ԼڿϷ
ûУҳˡ
ꡣ׷ʡ
ǰ˵ѿ϶ᱻϯԨ̾˿˵ʮ
ЦˣһΪδء
þ۲֪۳ʮ꣬ȻʱЦĻÿԼû˵̫ڳ£ȻҲס
շģ˵Բԣһ㰢Ԩ䡮Сˡ
Һʮֻ꣬жʮ
ϯԨͷӳһ֡
֧°ͣ˵Լʮ꺢һľ˵ⲻռԨô
ռôˣһը̫̻ǴλA£ҿû˵黹ڻ
ǰ׶һ
Ц˵Ǹ
ǸֻǸʱľһҲǻôϯԨûмˣ׽ѾǾ͹ۣô˵Ҳ֪ԼԼںѹ
Ƭ̺˵Ҳû˵ĲԣҲһġ
ϯԨѡ񣬾ǺҪ˳䵱ʵƷʱԸһ
һˣȻɾˡһڰѾƱľȫˣȻֵһԴЦ˵˵Ҫ졣
ʲô˾ͺһȥƥĴҽں˰ɣ˻š
һֱ䰡
˵ǵЦ˵ĻҪ˵ϯԨǲ˵Ļ
ֻʱͬա
˭˵ڻǵġϯԨָĦžƱЦĽĻ˵˳
ۺ;ıͬʱסɴ۾ͬʲô
ЦⲻЩƻ˵ǲ˼ѵŶ~~


117 
ΪԼĹۺ;, ٴεĿ϶±ľ
ʲôʱ£ǲŹ˼µʱôȻعġ
ڵһμʱͶԹʱˣ֪ϯԨʱȥһġ
Ҳ, Ĵ𰸡
Ƕ֪ô׻˽ĵԸ, һȫȻİѵ治˵ˣǵô
ô룬͹۶ֿ֪ԺС
ϯԨεİ˰, ҪʲôһĶҿ, ֻ˳˶¡
ʱԵ־ô
б̸ۣˡ
ֹ˵ţЦ̵ľֻ˻, ʧ, ԭһֱûע⵽ô
ֵָϴһöʽ򵥵Ľָ, γɵͼۺ;ǳ졣
ڴһ˲˵һμʱ, û
Ϊһֱڲϡָָϵɫ
ڵб仯Ҳ, Ծˡ
ǹġ
, ֻ˵ʱɡ
ۣ䶼, Ѿ̸ķ, ˡ
治ɫ֤ˡҪ, ֤ˡ
ǲǸùϲ㡣ԼܵĴ̼е̲סЩ档
֪ʲôĲܰס, ĸԸ
ڵҲڴδˣȻΪ׵뷨ʵϸǶԽ鲻Ȥ
ϯԨ뵽ϣά, Цһ˵лܸʶ
ĸһЩ, һԼܳ, ɩһڼⲻʰɡ
˵Щ, Ҫ˵¡Ҳҡ˵ϯԨЩơ
˵ˣ˵Ҳ״ǽǡ
ļ򣬼ЩԣӺһ¡
ȡһоڲС

һ˴عԢ
кȵľǾʱ侣һֱţлߵȻǺ޹˼ɺȸʹ졣
صԢ
ȰѾͻط䣬ȻתȥϯԨķ䡣
˲٣ûôʱе⻹Ӱ쵽̸¡
۹Ϸţǰ
ϯԨȥǰҪղ٣ЩƷˣȻҲӡ
ǱһҪһ棬Ǻǰ۽ʱͰ뽻˵
һʼĿϣ벻ҪһЩ鱨͸¶ǣʱкĿܡ룬ϵǸġ
ⷽȫȨ˹ۡ
˵Ҫ󣬾ͲòǵʱǵĽӵ£ϯԨƬռʹúǵĽ޷ԾǨܲѴ֮Ľӷ²
Ʋ飬ܹʹ˺ܸȤǰԭ
ϯԨ3S¹û˲֪ϾǵΨһһ3Sǿġ󱦱
ֻû뵽3SڵڷǳϡٵĴڣͬҲǡݹ˽⵽3SҲʮλ
ڸɵУǾ൱ںĴڡ
ϯԨû̫ȣҪǰ۾˵ֻǸʱûǼɵ⻰ǷǼˡ
֪Ϊʲôô
ƲӦ֪ݣȻƲ鱨ҲпĿġ˵̾˿˵˽̫٣ܿ϶ҵĲ²ǲȷġ
ôȥɡϯԨһ
иҪ󡣡
ڶ졣
ϯԨǰĽ𷢱۳һ޴ɫβ꣬¶һòЦ
μ棬ǰ롣βڱˮУһЦݡ
ǰһׯ԰ţⰻȻȻĳɭֱڿǰ⻹ҪСִܵġСˮء
ϯԨ͹۶û뵽ĶôѸ٣ʱôϣˡ
ϸ˵αװ
ϯԨ˵лûжûʲôϵɡ
˵ҲǣֻͿˡͷ
뿪ʵͿԻָԭӣΪӺڣƽʱáۡò֡
˵Ҷ֪ˣᵥֻô򵥰ɡ
ȻǡشĿϣ˵˵е3Sͨûʲôͬ
Ҳʲôԡ
Ļû£ͳȻ˦һβ͡
ûиоҪǱ˦ŹͷҪϡʯ֮ϯԨβͣշ˸ͷڰ
ĹˮֲֻղվŵͤӣڴȻҲֻƬС
ûдӰĹиоɱԷӦֻԼʵԼǷʵ
ϯԨҪⳡֱӷųŰѹȥӴľݺݰˮðúøһ3SΡ
վͤпŰȥλá
һˮʪܵġ
3SѹˡĨһȫûһǱЦ
ԸǣϣҲǵ鱨ҿһ԰ǣǹںǵ鱨
ϯԨ鲻䣬
ûôõ£̬ͻȻı϶⣬ǰ˵ǶԸˣʱ鱨ס
ڰڼԼȷԼʵҲ֪
͵Ƿһ飬ҪʱΪȫһΡ죬ϾǰλԼ
ȻˣҲֵ̫Ҫ󣬺˵ûƢ
ϯԿŰ롣
ң3S˶ûȫһεļֵҪĶࡣ
Ц˵Ȼ֪Ϊʲô¼ҹ˻ϼҴڴôƿӦúҪɡ
ǿԼİ뵹Ӧ󷴻ڣ⼸͹۽ӴҲڹ۲ǵһһ
Щ̫ÿˣǵںܶϵҶǵʵЩ뷨ҲΪԲŻԼϯԨ档
ΪˣȻҪ󻯡
߬ȡͬʱѩ̿ύһλǿߵҲǷǳġ
ɽ
ϯԨɴĴӦԼ˵ѡӦԼֻкôûлаİܿܽǡ
ҪĽǣӺеõꡭ֮鶼Էһ¡
ĵڶԤѡʼʱ䡣
Ԥѡõͨĵ¼豸ֵ¼豸˾ʹã˶վͬһϡ
ͬ£Ӯȫǵսʶ
¼ϯԨֱӱƥ˶֣ͬʱ˱˵
Ԥѡʮ죬ʮڽ԰ĳֹƥ䣬ÿ˶ҪܼһٳϵսܹǷڶ̭֡ƺܸӣһֱ̭
ʮʱ䣬ϯԨӮúɡ
ϾʵѾվ˵Ķˣͬǿߣսֻգ֮䡣


118 
Ԥѡڽ, еεԱͨˡ
˵һԤѡɸĶһЩĲѡ֣ȥһʱһں󡭡
ڶݵһķʵϵĻ, Ȼɢһ̭Ʊ, ÿֻȡǰλ߽һ֡
ԤѡнʮڵĲѡ֣ڶͷϷÿֻȡǰ١Ҳ֪϶̫, µޡ
ڶ̭Ϊһ, ǵļƻгͻҺ;·˵
հǵ鱨, ºͻִﰢ¶ϵеڶνס
ȴμǺĳԱ, ǻʣǧ, ҵ鷳
ϯԨ˵Ǵ
, ҡ۵ӮҴ, ұμӱҶԺǸȤ
ȥ˵ʱҲ׬һЩ, ÿһװװ, ܲúһֱôĹǵӡ
ǱȳѾȥһ, һһֱӺźһϵεԱѾѧβٿظ߼ǽ
պҪʵս, ʵսĶҲõģֱҺǾǡ
ϯԨ֪һѩǰܾܺ, ټϳ綼ҪͺǶϵģϤսûлʵڲУǻԼǶô
Ҫǲǣ, Լˡ¾ºǻṷǽ, ѵ걩¶
˵ʷ, һû˵Ȼò˱ӻ, ʱϵĿɾͲֹļˡ
ϯԨͷ˵ȥɡ
Ҿ˵Ԩͬİɣ㻹ġĹ۵ļ򣬼üŪ۵˵Ҷ㻻ϧ
ûĿ֣ˣҪҫΡ
ľڸǿҲǹ˫S׼ϣʷҲھܹӴ£۶Ҳûʤ㡣
ڶֱΪʱһ£ʽΪǧһȡǰ١
ϯԨŹۣڼϵڶڼҲûа취磬ǾͽеľȨۡ
һֱ˱
մʹӾ֪һϢǽбʱ򣬹ŰĹںǵ鱨ڰǰ뿪¶ϵˡ
A5ʵǿڰ¶ϵʧҲӰ쵽ǱӵеǰûϹֺĵˡ
ȻӲӲ۲λķʽԺǵʵɧšһŴһξܻص㲻ͬǼҴҵڻϾͲˡ
һϢǶԺǷĵһϮٺ͵¶ϵ׼еڶν׵ġƷ
ԴˣǴҲû뵽۵ĵô󣬾ȻһλڶΡ
ţ˵˰鱨ʮֳɫúûеõӺԼεйص鱨
͵һֻɳ˲ֵĽӲһһκ͵ӵһརӣϯԨûгְ£ƾһļɴȥҲ͡
ȻǮʹĥ仰ǼʱҲԡ
Ϊһʧ۹Ӷһ֧æ١ֻӵĹģ󣬵콢һ弶ص㹻ֲǺͺ֮ʵࡣ
֧ͨϵģڰǴɺ󣬰ǵİа鱨κζҪİ
֪ܿϯԨ֮ĺǰ£ΪṩİǱȽܹΡ
ڵ֪Ҫϵİ󣬰ϵ֧ɿĽӣҳŵڹӶڼǵΪҲ̽ǵĻܡ
ϯԨͶŵ¶ϽпƲ̭ıʱѾĥǣǹӶ֧ӵķùڸ߰û취ڹӶʱǵĹǻҶͱˡ
ⶨսķһϯԨЦ⣬û¶㵵ɫԤϡ
çȥķûһƶȣҺǵںǰһŷɴֱȥǵܲ
ҴӰЩʱҪˡ²ţȻģ̲ס˵Ԩҷһ㶼ȡ
ڶα˲ͬΪ˫Sľڵһֱлõķǳǰ䵽ͬһ򣬵ֵʱ硣
3Sëǣ˫SSȴûôټ
ھҪԹ۵£ᱻǰͳҲ֡
뿪ĵһ¾˽ʲôȻܹ
һεĳԱڵڶֱı̭˰ٷ֮ʮǵʵʹսϺǿ߻кܴࡣ
սȻԣٳɵģаٷ֮ʮѾǸܴľϲˡ
˵䣬ϯԨĹ
ͷһۺͨѶһ˵˴˸кۣղǻ˵㡣
ۿߣȻ϶û˵ʲôûɡ
ڿ㡣˫ֻأҺͰԨæǾͰѳˡ
֪ڵ٩Լҡҡͷ˵ֻƾǲУջҪԨġ
ϯԨʣǱ߰źô
һж׼ˣֻš۹һЦݣһͼƻóѺ졣
ǣԨڴʲôأôסǵĶԻȷԼʲô
ۣϾⲻó򡣡
ƲƲǣ˵һ˵Ҵ
ȵȣ볶⣬˵Ǵʲôء
ϯԨ͹۶һۣ˵ҺۼƻǺԺǶ֣Ϊ˽ķչҪһЩԤȰźá
ƻϸ֦ĩֻ̫࣬Ҫ֪һΪǵĺ߾͹ˡ
ǵٺǵĽĿľǸϹȻһݲ֡óסСֵҲֻۣǱѾðˡ
ǳ˳飬Ϻ͹һ޵΢ЦһӦǺҪˡ
䣬ȷʱصͨƫͷһߴӸղͲ˵ľü
ô
ϣŶ˵Ϊм㡣
ԨμǺνǱ⣬ҪõǼʲôãôġ
ϯԨоȣôͻȻôʡ
ΪҺ档°ͣӹһƬǴǺϱġ
ͼƬһԲεˮ͸ɫںϵľɢĹ沼ǳɫ·ЩעĿĵطעĿžһɫ
󿴿ҿûʲôرģǸͱһЩƷţڵʱ䳤Щ
ȷûʲôġϯԨ˵ȡһھǰ̯ơ
һöɫ뿪ǰ͵ԼϵһöǮƷźһ˹뿪ʱԼһˡ
ⶫǸװƷ⣬öССٵǰʵεĿйϵ
ϯԨһ˼ڵ׼ȷ˵һֻϵװ

ע⵽ϲͬı飬Ƥ˵¶ı飬ȥҪ˵Ļ򵥡
ʲôҲݰɡ
ҽȥҪ˵ĻȷǩЭ飬ҶˣҲڵϡⱣЭҲʧЧˡ
Э飿šü
ʣ֪zeroƻô
zeroƻʲôˡ
ϯԨ͵һʼһʮӦһʮǰļƻĻԭеСŮԱڵԱͺƻйء
Ӱ쵽Աֻĳ֣һжzeroƻʵйء
ʵһıĳʼ
Ծȵȣȫû
ʵĴ߻ܣҲ֪ġҪ˵ûϵʱùܡ˰ּ˵ȥ
ᵽĹֻʵƷ֮һöۣǶɫһ֪١
ԣͷ˿ԼŵɫͻȻ;е֡
òⶫʲôʵйϵɣӦõİɣôܡ
ʲôܡϯԨ˵ԾЦЦ̫˵Ҫ˵ܣҲǸġܡɡ


119 
Ĭˡ
Է, ϺǰֵǴ˹ȥģҲûʲôֵþȵ¡
ǴģЩɻľ
ϵõġ
ϯԨǴϵľ˵һ飬лϱĵ׹¡Լöӵߺͳһûйϵ¶˵˳
ǺϳֵöǸĳ۵ĵ׹񡣡
˵üͷ, , ʵҲ񣬵ڿĵһ۾̲סϵһټϾڲɫĺҲȥ²֮Ĺϵ
治˼顣
𺳵˵, ֻɰͰ͵³һ仰
֮ϵ, ǲǴǸʵڵһھڷǳңԶĹȥִ򡣡
ǸʵҲǳ𣿡
оųɵĸǡ
ǺͰٷ֮һʲô, 뵽, ʣôʵģ
Ӧ֪ҵľһʼʹﵽ3SİɡϯԨû뷨
˵, ڵϻҪܵĻ, ȴûǸҪˡ
ž
ͷҵȻ֪Ҽǵǲμһ, ֵͻƵ3S
ѵ˵Ǹţ
µû, ҵȷǸһμʵ, ׼ȷ˵Ҳǵһ˽⵽ʵĴڡ
ϯԨС
ľߵ, ʼѾA, ϶SSں̫ϵӽڽڰˣһѾõоĿ¿
Ŀһǿ㹻Ӵսǿ, ʱѡֻȼˣֻͨϯԨ
һȥڵľɱãоľȡЩ֮ڽоĹ, ϯԨΪܹ췴Ӧ, ֲ˲ֶԷĻ
ӽϿ, ǳɹġ
ʱϯԨҲ޷ڿտռ, עһȫľԷԶӵǽǳҵıըзӳը̫
Ǹ˵߻ܵо˼ʵ⣬кʵйصĶм˵ʵϵģʵܴ塣
ڵ󣬷Ү˹͵ʵйغ󣬳ںȤ׷¡
˵²һôĳ̶ֳ˵ͳ֮һ˿ϵڶֻǲ²⣬ʲôҲõصٽ֤
ǼֻμǺһɣûҲμӡ
һҪõǼûġ˵ȥǿԼȥûôһ仰͸¶˶ϣ
˵øһ
Ҫǵĺ鳤֮һϹϵķȲ˵ֻô϶ûʲôһֳ൱ūˡ
Ǻڶֽӿֳ˲ѡ֣3SĲһϯԨҲֻл۵˵еĴ֮һ
ʱϯԨջ˲ٵķ˿Ҳ˲²ʵΡ
֮λںͳͬȼϲۻ֧ǳߣǻûнֵѾˡ
ϯԨҡҡͷǵ˵û˺ѡһӦܹõڵһ
ҲһȫӮĸ
Ǻǿ
ڶֱУϯԨ档
ּĲǺbugһûѡֶԽսboss˶֪ǵĶֻǱ˴ˡ
ûж־սķ񰡡죬ԥһ˵ôǿ𣿡
ǵҲ󰡡
ΪڣԾ˽ĸ˹ϵϵģҪûٵĻҲʮꡣ
鵽ʱ򾣳Ѫĳ嶯һͳһϯԨЩ3SֵǮһ
֮˵ĲֵǮҪֵһͺۣûܹĶ
й3S࣬ӵĶ֪ҪȹĶࡪͼ˵ڲҲû3SǿߵϢ
ܹģǶϵ塣
ʤеģжٵýԺ֪ϯԨҲûȫ־Լ硣
ʵҲ̫ģǾȻ󵫱ĽƷ㲻ʲôǶ壬Ҳȥѡô
ֻϣˡ
***
ҲһֵĹǳ򵥡
ӵڶֱӱǧȡ֡εȵȽһһսһ̽һֱǰߺŻֹͣ
ڼڿԽѡֶսֱйۿǰһЩֱȦġ
Ҳ˵һٳҲûڣΪϰٸ˿ڼһ֡ȻˣܻӭѡֱĹڿ϶һЩ
Ϊ3SϯԨıα˺ܺ棬ܹʱ˵¡
˵ӺϵĸλϵȻ͵֪ڲҵȸҪǾȻǰԼϴ񡭡ʱôһ˲е
īȥμӱڵڶֵʱ򶼱ˢˣĿǰֻ˵ǵųԼҲ
ڶݵĽϯԨīҵĹǺܷġû£ɡ
ǱҲȥˣӰõйںĿǰϸ鱨֪Ŀǰżϻҵ˽ʽɹѹص¡
ҵ˴Ǽ׵򵥵£һǮֻԼҵ˴һӹǺūҲû
Ȼڵĺȴǲòôǰûȵ̫ݡǰµĶȫҪ˻⻹ҪԹƷ
ҪܴһǱңǱṩǡ
ǱΪͨĹٷҺڲͨĻҲһ˷еģɲӡӡġ
ھʼǰҪͺǼһ棬һʿҲҪȥΪԼݵ֤
ʲôĶ007ϯԨǱң⻹򵥣ֱҰˣܿǾҪ³
ϯԨڴǫ̃αװĺܷۺͺǵ棬ʼĺ̸ȷһμʱʱ򣬾ڽһս
֪ԼʵӵˮֺܴssǸˮĶֱȲˡ
ǰڶͬĶ־ǱҪǰԨԱԼ˵Ҳᱻ̭˭ܸΪʲôùܸԼôá
˵SSôܴ򣿣
ʱֻԼ೤ȣȻԼܵĿ졣
ڶսڵڣһ޼ʵĲԭĵطû
þĸٽһǱӴܵʱ͵طԼֱչһԻƯĳȻЩΣյӵеĳᡣ
Ĳһ⣬Ǽ岻£ǿ˻ɡ
Ǽʵսǿ
һԶĳȻӻԷٶһӿ׷˾ŵǱ̵Լٶȳž沿ȥһžҪĲ
ѹŴ򣬿Цͼ翹ȥҪԼǿɾֻʣ°Ԩһˡ
гһסһѶ̵ǰƣѸٺ롣
˻˼봭Ϣһ̶ԷӶһμһ˲еĳѳء
֪Լˡ
ȻǰĶֻ֣ƳɱǰϵĴƳ׺ˡڲʮӣԼϾ˲ˡ
ûбҪȥӮһһ㣬䡣
ǰѶ̵ǰͣ
סˣע˶Էŵϣָ޳ǽڷⲻص㡣
صǣΪʲôƳָϴһöĽָ
ľЩ㱡
ͬĽָڰԨϿ硢ǣԲкͰԨöָһģһģôһͰԨйϵ
ǲ˼ѵ~~
ԨʱЦ˵⻰ӸԺӮ˶ԾվһԵ꣬ڷ۳಻ͨҲƲʲô⡣
ǿŲûʳʶԷǲʶԨ־ڲǺʵʱ
ˣǸֱǻ豸ڹ
ȳȥˣһҪúʰԨ⵽ôһ£ֻƳ浽׺ʲôϵͷԼϵˣˡ


120 
л
ϻ, ϯԨһԵİл
ҪûаĻҲôĸ֣İʡǺܶʱ䡣
Це˵ÿ, ˵ʲô鷳¡
˵Ҳûлر, ЩֻǰͶʰˣҡûңǵҲ᳤, ֻǰǽ
ѹͼ˽ֳĳһͼʵʲô, ϾֵˣûмᶨǼԼ
ȻЩֶ, Ȼڵġ
Ҫ֪Ǻӹ, ôֻмλ齨ǰ, ¼ȴٵĿ, ֻȼͼ鳤ۡ
Ҫ˵ҪôӲҪôһرƼ˰ͬ, ֻһܹΪ˵һԱ
һ㶼ǳ, ҪʵҪﵽ׼ļ, ҲǴﵽĸڵϵΧϵ
Ϊֻдﵽ׼ļ˵ͼ, üµǵͼһرƼ˰ͬ, Ȼǵͼġ
һεҲ֪ǸҵͼȻܹ, ϢܵٺóҲע⡣
벻֪ϯԨ͵ĹϵΪϯԨǺͺоɳֿ˺棬׼ǡ
²Ҳ, ˭뵽ϯԨһͼйϵ, Ļȵͼ뷨
Դ, ûԼ뷨˼
ϯԨȻ, Ҳû˵ʲôûҪһʱĺ߽С
£˵һεǺ֣ϺüŻôðһһ
費Ҫֵ֮ϣѵķҿԴ㡣
ôܻɡ
ϯԨûϵʵϺЩϵʲôһ
ȻˣҵĸϸԼȥѼһתϹſھ
ˣҵԱѼˡ
ڻ֪ԼսĶ˭ʱ򣬶ȸѼĸ3SϣֻҪǹܲ鵽ĶԼˡ
һԤѡڶ̭еսƵ
λ֮ʽжϹΣȻûоȫҲܹһЩ
˴ֶ˵аӮҪеĻҲȥѹһѣӮ
֪֪ϵʣҪǱŵĻͷˡ
ϯԨ֪ԼʺܸߣԭҲܼ򵥣ΪֵĴ̫ˡ
оڵڶ̭һֱʶܿλͬѡ֣ùǺ͹ٷ3Sʵ
ûлǼٵģϾһԤѡвѡֶҪύⱨ棬Դкš
ӽˮ˲Ż鹹ȼϾôȻҲ
ҲҪԭ򣬾⼸ԼоʹѡֲһûǺǰûһʶۡġ
ۡϱǳǸС򣬸ɸǷ
ϯԨԴ˺ܵ
ǸСۡϯԨʲôϵ
֮ݲˣϯԨԼû˻һʧûʧˡ
㿴ȱǮӡϯԨ԰˵
ҺȱǮʲôҪǮ
ҪǲȱǮҾͲ鱨յôˡ뿪˸ЦЦ˵ôˣ͸¶һҲʲô˵¡
ңжٰӮ
˼һش߳ɡ
ˡ˼
ϯԨ˿ʱ䣬˵Ҹˡ
˾㡣
һǰߺϵׯ԰Ȼֻаһ⡣
͡ûоܾ

ϯԨصסĹԢ
ס¥㻹εĳԱֻʱǶԼ֡ȸֿ׬ȡǱұ
ʰõȥıߺǣҪϵڸͣǼгǰĺǡ
ıҲǱͻ֮Լıʱ䣬˵ԼԺһ
ĺǣǼгվ
ϯԨ˳վԱߵ·ʱҵ˾
߹ȥһ¾ļüˣ˵ңԼⷢ
ͷһۣ˳ǣԹĿ
ϯԨôˡ
һӻ˵Ҫ֪æϾһ绰ˡ
лҪ㣬ﲻ˵ĵطߡ˵ֱԱؿߡ
ϯԨ׾ʲôҲû
ܿͰǴһƵ꣬³ȥ˾סķ
վڷ￴žѷŹϣȻתԼ
㲻˵л˵ôһֱ˵ôҡϯԨЩЦã˳žĿ⿴ȥͼԷͣԼĲӡ
ıһѾิӵһƨڴ϶öָóҿҪ֤һ¡
ϹҵĺúõĽָȡϯԨ˵ʲô
ŵŽָĿصָһԵİɡ
ָȻһԵġϯԨȻ˵ԼЩԣö˶˵Ϊʲôʽָ¡
ܺãˣǾûˡ
ʾԼ·ŵıߵ˵㿴ŰҴ
ҡţһ¡
˭ǰ㻹˵Ҫ˵ҲڱŽָ׸û˵
ôԽϵģöԷһ㡣
֪ڵǳһԱճĻֻǸ۳桪ǹϵķϣͲáֻλˡ
԰ԨֻƳ棬оݡ
ż׼ŮomegaȻ˸һġˡ˵˶٣˵˺ڷۿо⣬ͦͨİ
ϲģѹֶǰ׷Щomegaˡ
ȰȰȵ˵һѣϯԨȴ׼ץסص㡣
ڷۣϴ˰ɣǲϣά
һ㶣ͷ԰
ǲϴˡ
ôܣʽĽָҲŻеڶöȵȣҸƬ
ֱطŻҵģܿͽƵϯԨǰָŶסĻ
Լָ
徵ͷƵķǳĻǾ㱻ĨһĻŶ̵ֻϴŵĽָ߬еһģһ
ָʽԼԻģõԪȫڵвСһģһ
ϯԨһĻƵţƵеһʱԡ
һϤĸоԺейصĻ֡ˣԼԷģڵһβμӺʱǶԢĵ
䵽Ѿˡ
ͨϵ˲Լϣάͬ顪Ϊϣάαװϣά
Ԩôˣ𣿡
ϯԨعͿԼƽ˵Һܺá
˵һֶţһıе£Ǻܺõӡ
˵ˣӦҲڰ¶ϵɡָָƵĴƳ棬ʣô֪£û߹𡣡
˵ϯԨ˵꣬ͼһԸϴģҲ˵

鲻ãĵǰҲòѾԲ˼˵ɡ
ȿȣǺðɣʲôʱ˵ٸҡ
תƻϵ˿Ŵģô˵顣
ϯԨԷô
ûȻܸ緢ϣάݡ
ҲϣάȻμ˱ôǺǰ϶뿪Լҵ̫ѣϾA5İ¶ϵǰĵ̡
һ鱨ѵĺôˡ
ҵȻͣȥԵģ˵
û⡣
ϯԨиţȴȻҰϣάϢ¡
ȥ˵·ϣһ뷢ȥϢ
һߡ
ںˮŵİɹ̫ߺΪ¶ϵĿǣȻΪȻ̫ɲʲô̫ںǵĹȡ
ϲˮĹһۡ
һߣ
뱾ЩȤһ뿴Ǹߵʵʱȱȱ
˫SʲôãҪסġ
鷳
ô˵ţȴǻظһ䡰š
ֻҪϸǮ˵ס֪Էʲôɫ¶û⡪Լµ鱨ҵԱôרҵ


121 
ھƵķɽ, ĵ¼Լ˺ź󣬴ӽڽеıѡϯԨڵֱš
ΪԨĺѣڽôҪ, ȻҪֳ֧֡
Ǽʱֱ˳ֱʽ, һֱʽǾǽɿƼͬУùۿǿ侳Ľۿ
Ǽע, ֹۿģʽȻùڸӵͶ롣
һͱǰˢȥɫֳ۾, ַԷʽ͵ϵĵĻֱֻ࣬ӳӾС
ûпʼ
˿̵ıԭ, ˫ľʮ
ڱʼǵľ뽫, ԭΪս
˻ࡣֹ, һµĻܶظЧĵĻ
һǵһ3S֮ĶԾ, һӮһǼĵλãѡۿⳡĹǳࡣ
ռƵԳĹ, ϯԨǰûչ¶ǿʵ, ʱĴҶעϡ
Ǽһһ, 3SĴƳǺöûϳֹ, ǱҪԼǿ档
ԭԳ˽ⲻ, ֪ϯԨ飨ԼѵŶһ٣󣬾ͶԳһЩȤ
ò˵˽֮, ṹΪ⡢𾪵̾Ϊֹһ뷨͵ϯԨ֪ʱࡣ
һalphaᱻ˵ĵžеһԲۡ
Ҳ̫ǿ˰ɡ
ôһġֹ
þ𺳵ʧ⵽Ա, ԼƳ۳׷ò˵, Ԩǿ, Ȼ˰ࡣ
, ˡ
ϾΪһalpha˲ʮȻܣл
ΪƳԣҪΪƳalphaβ࣬ʵþӦ
ĻϳһЩʹĻ⣬ʣ¶һЩ۰ԨĻ
ҡҡͷΪԨ̫ܵעԾûڳ罻ƽ̨˵Щ˺档
ϸڹۿĳǴƳ棬ҪǱ֪ԨʵǡƳ桱Ȥˣ֪۳涼Щ޸֮
뵽ﾣȻһԺǰԨ۳Ҳôǿ
ʱǰĻ˱仯
һʱ䶨ʼˡ
***
ĺϡ
һڲΪ͵ıԭ¶Ŀǰ㶨ʮȡ
ĵ£ɶܹʹȫǶ鷳㲻ϡ
ռ㹻ϯԨȫ֣ڼԭĻʱŷͬĸı䣬ôı䣬ǰӶӡ
ϯԨûȫֹһֱѹԼ䳬ĳٽ㡣
һغǵĽӵʱƸ˳ٽϵʱ̣ܶһʱ⡣
ȷԼܷڲȫʤԷںͬĶսڴɣҪ˵ѹʵˡ
Ҫȡڱصã
ִԭĵʱ򣬶ԷҲˡ
˶ûͣ£ûмٶȣֱӳŶԷǰзײȥ
ӲӲײһ̣ϯԨ˶ԷԼһǴ̽⡣
ĬûʹսֻԡڶԴֻƶٶϲܿ
ֱ
صĿűֳ
ԨĶдѡĪᣬ֮ͬһĪ
ﱾڵϵĴ棬ǵ˵Ķǵ̬
ڵƣıȶУϸֳЩϸƬ˵˵ʵ
ĪĸȽ࣬ʵȴǳǿڡϣҲ̫ϡ
˵ǾС
˽ϯԨ֪ǰ˿ĳ棬ϯԨ˵ʵɡ
ֻ˵˫Ŀǰദ̽Ľ׶Σӳʵƽ׶β̫ãͿ֮˭³ˡ
Ӻ
ʱʼѾȥʮˣȻˣͬʱչһչ׳ĳ
˵Īľ˵˵ѣΪǵıк;һĹǳᣬֱӴӱչġʵսйֵĳ
ԿɲʲôԵװƷ
սĿսôһĻϯԨϿ
Ȼе㳤־ɰԨԵĴĪδ̫ˡҪǳģǺһȵľս͸ǿʵ
ĳִŵսĽ۵̫ŨϿԸ֪һ
ϯԨıһԽɫĹôľɵģ˴˵ʹſʱڿС
ڹֵǿгһӣɫͫһĨǳǳĽɫת˲š
˵ǰǶ׶εĻϯԨ׼ˡ
սپ
ΪԹߵľƤ˵ʵӵʱʶŴ͡ǣԨǰսõɡ
ҽš
ϯԨʹʼٿӳƻǾ˵ģÿһνֶΧϰ
ѿɽ룬׷ָ̬սһƬǽ塣
һͷʮ׵ľڱУ̫ӻ۳ڵķ籩ط·ܸܵ
óʵ̶ֳֻȡ
ôˡ
ݵϢϰıϯԨյĿǰΪֹûʹùκ3SӦеʵ
ʹãֻսıȲĪᣬܹҲǽԼķӵ¡
֮ͬʵҲиߵͣϯԨûȫǿҪ˵䡪δأ
ɵĽţڵľƶ԰ԨܲѵҪô
״̬Ǿȫһжûó
Ԩԥʲô
С
ϯԨĵ׷һ̾Ϣеʵо˲ôֹͷҲ˲ˡ
纣ľкߣͬʱҲס˴ĶϯԨûԥ֪ס̫ãһÿһƾڼȡ
ӵеھĿºռڵγɹ
һ˲䣬ſ
˫ĿԲôǰôᣬô򡪡
ϯԨȥĶ죬κԥĽʣµľ
סĲ󣬿ҪжּٴҪȴ٣ھĿȾ˽ɫһѰѼͬĽ͡
ϯԨɫһգգ̧һӼ䣬Ȼ
ͬһʱ䣬һ̫ӿźηĳ
ڵʱȡʹߣϯԨһֱֻ֣Ҫһܹ½Ӵжϵ̫ʱʤǸ
ֱעϯԨϣûע⵽صֱ䵯Ļ˱仯
ϯԨʩչγһĿռйעⳡĴƳǾͶˣ˫ӦóڴƳϵ۾
ţڷƳ棡
ƨûдƳ۾ɫǽɫģкڷ죬λսϺĪȫಫĸòһٶĵ°ɡ
ʱйעĳ嶼סˡ
ʵǰʶ˻ҸûʱһϢڷֻڻҵ۳ϣͲıʵ
ôĵ²μΣյıƳǶŭˡ
£ǺĹٷ׵ĵù
Ҫǣµıôܻͨݶ鲻Ĺٷûдڵ塣
ͬʱҲдƳ绰۹ҵĹٷţѱƵ˹ȥҪ۹Ҫλ۳½ӻ
λĵûпǱµ˽̣һ㶼Ҫ
ͨ۳ⶼǼΣյ£˵λĵ¡
֮ܶΪϯԨܴ˵ʱͳڲһƬȻ˫Ĺעƫͬ籩ΧƵĺʶϯԨ
û̱˵ӣԸ⣬ֻڱʱѾ٣ڱξ͵ˡ
ǿ´лٱȹϯԨþн
ֱһжϡ
ûãǺٷķɴˡ
ϯԨվھԶشлĻ
ǾսµĺۼսܵˣѪմȾԵʮǱĴڣվȫӲš
ͬʱϯԨ۾ָӦеɫ󣬾Ĺ£ûа취ټȥ
ڹȥڵϵʱֻҪ̫ྫͲӰ쵽ͫɫ仯ںĹ۾Ҳغɫ
ȴֱӸı䣬ǰĺɫαװ
ٷԱ˷ɴߵǰűů֯̬֣ء
£Ϸɴ
ллϵ·һһѿڣĺܼʱ
Ϸɴûú󣬴Ҳˡ
֮ǳɴصĺǵĶС
ֵ뿪һԳܵߵǰҪ̬ڶԴʲôĴڡ
鷢չϯԨʲô׵ģھȫԸʱϵƵ鷢
Բ֪ٹڵֱһƵԼαװ¶ӡЩܶ໹ǳģԼӲעŹ֡
Ѿ뵽ô鷳ˡ


122 
Ƶ
ϯԨսͱЩľץ˸, ˵æˣڶ㡭
֪ϾĻ, ԾҪ˵Ļ
˿, ϸֳЩ
ðɣҵǹͷˡһʼıϵϢˣԨ˵Լ۳, û˵Լݷڳǻλ̳ˡ
׼֮, ˡ
ʣȥô졣
ԭƻУǱҪӿٶȡϯԨʱü, һʱ
ھ뿪ĺǡ
ǵļƻ򵥸, Ǻպǰͼ·, жڼ̵ʱ, ˵ĺǽϢص
ǰڵĲöѾɣļƻҲڽ, ɼƻֻʱ⡣
ء
һһ˵ҿЩЩ, 㲻ߵĻ, ǳҹġ
ܶԳ˽ⷺ, ЩƳķӦþ˿˶Щ
ҪϯԨһ, ϶ᱻԵͷʣɡȿȻݵĲ̫ȷڵİԨɮû, ˵Ѿöû3S۳ˡ
ҲߣڲܡµĹٷ˵ʱ£ͶԷ硣
Ǻûн, ûа䷢, ԼҪĶûе֡
֮Ӧûб, ˵ȡηҲʣºĵһڶ
ϯԨҡͷҲˡ
ʹ֮ҪμҲܾ, һѾǳͷ
οûʤ㡣
֮кʵĻҲ뿪ĺǣҷͷжãñ뵽֮Ĺϵ
Ǹʲô˽⣬֪ϯԨһзִҲû׷ʡ
Ǿ͵ǻϡ䣬ȭһļͷ
뿪
ϯԨڴرߣü˼š
ǵжоִУĿܺСڸҪǸʲô̬Ⱥͳ巽йͨ
ô˵Ҳڳһʱ䣬ԼԳ˽⣬ǱһҪԼǻȥ
һǿ϶ġ
Ͼ۳ϧܱĶô۳֮أҲ֪ǲܵġ
ȥ׳ѣϯԨûԼ˶Ŵӳܳ
ʱڿڴĹˡ
óԹͿظϢĿͣڸյϢϡ
룺ҲϢˡ
ϯԨֱӲ˰ţӵʱͽͨˡ
Ϣˡżɽʡ
ˡ͸ͷɫЩѰζ
Ϊ鱨ӣȻϵϢԼعʾ𾪡
۳棿ڷϵǷϳҵòص㡭
ĸ۳ǰλʵôǲٸЦ
˵һֱ۳ֵԭ۳ӵеʵЩ˵۳桮ԡƢ꣬Ҫô£ѵǳڡ
ºܸȤĻ´ġϯԨ԰Ļһʡ
ѾعˣҲûʲô壬ڶɡ
Ϣ鵽˶١
ûлش𣬶Це˵ݷ仯֮ĺϵǲӦͣڵݻǰӦҵô
ϯԨ·ûвܵĻش𣺡̫ࡣ
ˣȰϸңѾǮˡ
û˼뷭˸ۣԼ鵽Ϸ˵άʲôϵòǷµķծɡ
û𡣡
뱻ʵһ漴ôܣҵⲻ֪á
һΪеûˡϯԨͷ
˵ˣǺʹ˵е۳еմˡ
˵۳涼Щ仰ҲǸ
ϯԨĵ㿪뷢ϣάڵסַ⻹άһЩϢ
ϵĻмƬǶǴӼнȡģ
þòϣά
***
ά׼ȷ˵ӦóƺΪϣά
ϣάûԼᱻ£û뵽ĺϼϯԨһ
ָ˱òϯԨõԼģǾαװġۡڡ̫ۡ·϶ױ·ĳ忴
ϣάڽϾ͸оڸԼΪץסԷڿʱһԨѿڶ
̫ûԨˣʹҲЩƲסǰһӽԷ
ϣάסĽŲ侲ڵԼʶ
Ϊʲôҡ
ϣάϿ侲ȴģΪʲôԨ
һҽʱ򣬺ҽ˵ϡ
ڷǹһĨЦƫƫͷɵ˵һ仰
ϣά֮ǰӦժϵĽָ
ϣάʶֱ󣬵ȷӦжúסˡ
ˣԨ֪ˣϣάЩʧ롣
ϯԨϣάӣԺһЦΪһþϲ
ϲŻ࣬ϣάſڲ֪˵ʲô
طİɡϯԨɫݵǰߵϣάǰȻޱȵסϣά֡
ﲻ̸ĵط
һ˿еʵϣάûУͱϯԨ뿪˵С
һ·ϣϣάĿһֱϯԨϡ
Ԩı̫ƽûյƭķŭģǺ͹ȥûʲô仯̬ЩԼΪ⼸µķֱڡҪ˵Ϊֵĸˡ
ĪϣάһԼֻǳתһȦȻͱԨҵŻؼҵĸо
ϯԨ˼ҾƵ꣬˸䡣
ᣬʲôҲûҸĻϣά
֮²һʱ˵׵ġ
Ƶ귿
ϯԨһ·ϰĴƳ水ڴ£Źɾִ˵ϣάĪоԼչշ
ûʲô˵ġһϣά棬ü
ϣάŵǲΡ
ǡɴ
Ȼȥܲ˼飬ҵȷǰ
ϣά˵ֲһ˵㡮ʧ󲻾ãҾ뿪򡣡
ڱըҵģʧٵĶô
ʧٵԭźͷѾţӦóƺƽйϵ
ϣά۾˵Ļɵ󣬿Կʮ𶯡
˭߰ԨЩµġ
û˸ҡϯԨսϣάһĴ
Ҳµġ
ϣάӶľˣ㶵ĶϯԨ֪ԼʲôӦ
¶ҲֻԼˣϯԨ̧ϣάǰ˻˵ûع
㲻ôϣάץס֡
ϯԨȻôһ㶼ûС
˵һ㣬Һ뿪ˡ
ƲҴС뿪һҪ㲻µᣬԼº
ϯԨһʼĺ˵һڵ¸һȥϣάû뵽ƻϲϱ仯ǾȻڰ¶ϵطˡ
ϯԨϣάû뵽ġ
ϣάԭĴ㣬ƽᡯ֪ˣһ˵Բ𡣡
ϣά㲻úҵǸ뿪£Ͳˡ
ϯԨ˵Щ飬Ҫ˵ϣάֻǱԼˣҪһЩ׷ӵǸ͸Լˡ


123 
ϯԨֵĺ, ϣάҲûϿʲôԵĵط
һ̸֪˶Էڰ¶ϵԭ
ϯԨ˵ԼŪ˸뿪˵¶ϵھٰǺ, 档
мʲô˵, ϣάҲ֪ʡ˺ܶϸڡ
Ҫһݾ뿪ǲ֪ж첻µزµ۳ա
ϣάʲôûʣֻ˵ԼΪһġ
ƽ, μӱΪ˵õʲôô˵Լڿʱ򿴵ָϳϣά, ˵飬⵹Ҳͻأ
ϣά㿪һϯԨʮͼƬ, ˵Ϊһġ
ͼƬɫ͸ڵľмһССµĶ, ϯԨüͻأһ, ⶫμӱĿġ
ôϣάҲȤ
ʲôرô, ȥǸͨװƷ
֪ʦ
ʦû
ϯԨ˼, ԼⶫȤΪҮ˹塢͵ϵʵƷйϵôϣάġʦҲΪҮ˹йأ
пܡ
һκǳƺƴը߰, ͳһҮ˹ı, ǳҽͰ˽, ֪вƷʧ
оͰǼҮ˹ı
ϣά˼˵ʦƽ, СʱҺܶࡣ
ϯԨȫûԼ뷨Ļ, ܿƶϳһ㡣
˵뿪ҲΪӦûλʦɡ
ʢ۵Ļ᳡гֵԲֹƽᣬϣάĿпԵ֪ǵʱûѳ氲ŵô, ȴһӦ, ½Ԥеȫһ
ʹ, ϣάҲȫԼ, ûбѡԼһѶ

ϣάĳĬ֪Լ¶ˡ
ҲѾˣϯԨʦϲҡ
ʦֻǡϲ۳档ϣάţȴԼͻ粻͡
ЦϣάߣһĽǰھĴƳһͷųϢػŻеˡ
ܽҰܵ¡
ϣάȫûͻȻĶԾϿ˿Ľƣľһ˲
ϯԨϣά׽ԼĶãûϣάȻҲ
ûϵʦҵĳҲͳƽСµġ
˵䣬ԭϣάϵ䣬ֱϣά䣬֫Ǻͼǰһñ
ϯԨЦⲻİһŹ֡
ϣά˵Ļһ㶼⣬ƽһǺ͵۹֯Ե۹ܴ
ڽϹȥϣάʱϣά۳񣬽˵Ǻ֮
ʦҺܺáһû飬ֻһЩ
ϯԨϣ˵Ҫ˵ʦˣҸ֪һСӵ
ڵע˵Ժ뿪̫ԶǼûСӻ𡣡ųһ˿ȥ֪ǰƶС
ϣά᲻ҪСӣĴƳȷ뿪۳̫ãҲǾԵġ
ϣάȻ뿪Լôһ취֤Сӳڵ֪ϣά˵ϢҲû̫ǡ
Ĳ˵ϣάСӻǷǳӵġ
ϣάʶסԼ֣ĿЩҽ˵ǽġ
ⲻǺܺô֪϶ĵչСˡϯԨ˵һϣάգЩζ
ͬʱҲҵһľӣþĴ˴Сӡ
СȻЩģĵһӾ;׷ľȻԼ̣ôҲЩǡ
ĺһֻϲСĻ
Լĺӵô
źܾòϯԨͶС˻عͿϣάһֱԼ
ϯԨкһͷָһϣά·ݣǱעи֡ƺܵ£䶼ˣǾͲҪ˷ˡ
ȿȣ̹˵
ϣάһƵڴϵʱЩãȻĿϸѹԼ˵۾ʱʶգһ۾
һϯԨе㷸棬ɰ
ҿԱ𡣡ϯԨʳֻ仰ڴ˿һֺ塣
ϣά׹̧һԼ
ҵ
ϣά˵Լڵαװģÿͨ۳˶Ȥͨ
ûϵ֪ϣά͹ˣһֱǵġ
ϯԨû˵Ļ§ϣάôꡣ
***
Ƶꡣ
һ£ԼǸƵ꣬Ǿһҡ
ϣάѾˣ겻εУϣάµ£ʱֿ˵á
ϣάϵʽ֮Ҳס
ϯԨʰĺ¥ǰ̨˷뿪
巽Ķܿ죬ϵʱһԳǳפA5ĴʹﻰⶼϣھƵﲻҪΣա
Դ˳
⼸һֱ䴳Ҳûʲô£ôʹԼͳ˳žͻΣܵˡ
˵ԼڻΣգϵôֱӱ¶Ǹ˶֪ڰ¶ϵ
˭벻ʱ鷳ºô
ܼҲõϢյϢоܼģ׷Ϣǲʵֱ˵һ
ϯԨòĴ㣬ǾǶԳеһЩԣϯԨ=Ѿˡ
ôҲǼٵģֻҪһͻ֪ûһƳйۣʲôݾȫ١
ʵϯԨƶϵҲû
A6
ǡ
Ϣֵĵһʱ䣬߲ͽӵˡһֻڷSSS۳ǺϡϢ
һʱϵ¶Ϊе𾪣ϵ顣
ҶĹٷŶϢˣǸֻ֪SSS۳ǴðģȻһ֪ϯԨڵĳȴǵһʱ䷴Ӧ˹
SSS۳ɲô׳ֵģʹڳҲڼټĴڣҪ˵⻹ȫѪʵﵽ3S۳档
ֻҪɵܿļֵ
ôɵ飬ϯԨˣǲ鵽ۡ͡йϵڹ۳۳棿ϯӡ
ȥĳ滹ûϢô
վϯǰӺϯԵûС
۸ڿ϶кܶ涼ڵ飬ҲǻǸ鵽
ܻû֤ݣϯĺϯĬϯԨǹۡ
Ѫ۳ҪܶʱðҲᶼƳѪ۳̳лλˡ
ϯԨѺϯұҵעڻҪsssľȼһϯҸǱƵ˷˼⣬ԲбȺԵΣ
ϯӣ˵Ҳ˵ǸϢڱ»ԡѾ͵۹濪սҲϵ
ҵµ겻˵ĳ̣һҲðƶ˼ɡ
ʱˣȰķŵϯԨϡ
Ҫ֤ȫ
ϯšü۸˼ǿܻгϯԨ֣
ϯûзԼӵĲ²⣬


124 
ϯԨ˷ס, һҷɴϡ
뿪¶ϵĵ졣
ӾƵ뿪˵ʱӰ¶ϵ뿪ȻõġۡݣΪ¶ĹϵѾܵļ
˵뿪¶ϵ, 뿪ĺǶѾ
Ͱ֮ĺ, Ū뿪ĺǲ⡭ϧǲ뿪̫ãǱҲ϶衣
ĺһٵĹۣҲ֪ܹסĳ弸졣
巽ִܹĺǵǳפA5Ĵʹ, ʹķɴ, ҲҪһڵʱܹA5ϵ¶ϵڵ
ӳ۹ҲҪһ¡
ϯԨʹ˵õһʱһ뽫вĨ, ȻĺǸƵ׷ͻᱩ¶ˡ
۳Ƣĺ, ˵һЩǸѴƳ, ۡSSS۳, ôƢȫǸԼĳ⽻Աȡ
ȡķھƵȻϹӶһεԱ, ⽻ٵ緽ȫͨС
ַжȸαװ, ֤巽濴⡣
ڰܿǵⶼǵ˺, ͵һҰ˽˷ɴ, ٶǰϵܲڵλá
ʱڰ¶ϵ, ԼʱűӶġðšǰɨβ
, Ѿ̩ϵˡ
ܲλ̩ϵһʯϣĿǰǻ3ڹ
ϯԨһ˵Ǳߣ֪ͨǵˡ
ɴϳ֮˶ɰӶ, ҲΪ, Ϊ˳ųӡ
ڵĳ߼ȨƵļ, ĿǰڽһͶʡΪһȨƵĺŹ, Ҳܽ͡
Ӱĳ˱ڴ⣬мսܽ
Ǳ߶ôû˵ʲôϾϯԨڰݵĶԺ˵Ǹ粻ֲܿġߡŵıҲ
ΪʲôǴӰӶֱӴεȻǲб¶Ŀܡ
̩ϵܹʮĿһǣϧЩǶ˾Ҫ˾Ҫҽȥû򣬷һЩϲ
Ǵ󲿷ʯṹӵ΢Ĵ㣬ΪһЩСϳȫá
ڵʯλ̩ϵԵٽ̩ϵ󲻾þܴӹ۲豸յĻشͼҲϯԨڵķɴֻܲʣ²Сʱ·̡
ȽƼķɴٶϷǳ죬ϵĺжҪ˶ãҪ˵ϵڲˡ
Ǳߺܿظ˹ҷһͨѶ
ڳ˶ûжǶڵϯԨڽӵʱͱ֪ԼλƢãҪκιû¡
ͨ
ϯԨ£ƵͨѶܿͽͨˡ
Ƶһ˵ͷϤһκϼĺ졪
ߵûоþȣһμʱҲˡ
ɭӭ̩ϵǳǰ
ϣһǰܵõһĽɭõļʱ̸ȴǳ
ϯԨЩȻЦ⣬뵱ȻԼĽ
û֮⣬ЦȻǻõĺߡ
Сʱ
ϯԨڵķɴ͸һ䵽˵ϡ
ȻдܹĵزһܹԼԼС֮лʺġ
һֺһӦĻҲе޶á
ܲ˽ǣ̬ϱֵķǳС
ⲻΪͶʵģҲвԭϯԨݳ߼ԭԱȺǳļǿ˵
ǵܲڵ£Եû̫ཨǰӭǵľ˵λֻȲһЩǺʵĶ֡
ϽٲûзǵִʱͷЩϵг˶ر⻹ܹɴ̫
ҽԼֽͷ˵
ϯԨôңǵ˻Ȼ
̩ϵУһ֧еΪָӹٵǹۡ
ӶĽӣЩӵʵÿһ֧ȺǵĽҪǿڰ鱨֧Ԯ£ִĽӶڲ֪䱻ˡ
ϯԨӦһλͰĺг˸Ǯ鱨ðĹϵ⣬֧ȫεġ
ӶĽӶǴðվϹӶģЩӲ֪͵йصκ£ǱӶΨһĿľϰĻȥϮһϰ忴ߵ
ƵίйӶð˵ͨϰǮ£ûκһֻϵðŶӾܾܹӶ
ƿءǡļƻУϯԨΪնܲڹؼʱֿ̳סǵĸ߲ԱȻɶȸֿסڲϵͳ
۸ԸĺǽӣĿֻһǾǽЩɾԲѵ
Ľܵ϶ϵܲԮʱֵȸϳظԮϢʱ䡭֮󾣳ķɴִܲϯԨ߽ɾơ
ܵļƻݼǼյ鱨ȫǰųȥļ鱨˵ȫȫڹһ֪
ϯԨں׼õĻڣڳĺǸ߲Ȼѵʱ˶ûڵһʱ䷴Ӧ
ɭǲʲôᡣӲſڣÿһֶ˵ޱȼѡ
ǿľڣѹȸеľָѾǿȵľûԤȲõľ˷
Ϊժߵ⣬ǿ
һ̸̻˭֪һ̹ɭͷôǿľǰɭȴ˵ԼʵĴڲܳš
һʼƭԼɶôǵǿߡ
ϱ򶨣ȴǽп಻ȵźŶû취ȥ
ϯԨһ۹ԣոյԶȸϢ
ӹɡ
ڸ弶ˮƽҪ೤ʱ䣿ϯԨؿʼȸ׼ˣյֵźź󼸺ֺܲϵͳϵͳԼ
ϯԨָԼϵϣµ
ҪŶˣźŷȥģ㷢ȥҲ
Цϧ
Ϊ˶Ըǣҿ˺ܶ׼ȷƻһʧ
ֻܹܵйɭ˲ĺ⡣
Ӧûе㣬ΪʲôҪԸǡϵߣ㵽˭
ʱ򣬲϶ǰαװݡ
ϯԨ֪ȸ費Լ˵󻹼ŻңҲûڲǰ˵Ĵ㡣
Һԩ޳ϸ˵Ҳȷûеҡ
û˵ѣǵȷ۳ϯԨͺгΪϯԨ
ϯԨ˫ֽ°͵λãֻǽһίС
ģܿͻгˣֻϣʱǲҪ̫ȡ


125 
ϯԨҲƭ, ĿǰȷʵǱӶģҲֻ֮ϵúȻǸյ, ϵ֯һεĸ
仰ʱѹȴȻ¶Щ, ԼĸܳáɭǿԸԼôǱֱǮʲôˡ
ϯԨΪȡźǣڴɺĵһʱ͸Ǳҡ
Ϊһܹʹõʽ˵, һڶû, ڽ׽ºΪ˲Ҹҹ
˵ʵ治֪ԼʲôʱôǮԼĵ, ҪֱǾԻλκҪ󡭡ǱϾǱҵĴвǡ
ϯԨԲӵı, ùһûиҵı, öԷŽһ»ЩǸ߲㡣
ٿض˵Ȼ, ܲһֱάֵǵִ
ıֱľ彩Ӳͬʱ, ʲôȼľôǿҪЩʲô
ˡڵЩѡ
һ, µ˲оһɡ
ҪǰĴϼ졣ϯԨȥűڵǲ־, ɨһΧǵĸ߲֪ôɡ
, סڻشŴЯ, óһܹ
Щܹʧȥʶ˯״̬Ծ̫ȼߵǿײû߻˯ʱ̡
ϯԨĶõ, A¾һȥԲѡ
˵ǵûʲôüֵҪһ֧һ֧ˣϹܹ
ǵĸ߲ھѹ, ֻűڽһܹҩע䵽СҪȴ޷, ҩע䵽ڵһ, ôԸҲֻ˫һһŻȥ
ȷ˶˯š, ϯԨջؾŵ⼸һѰ߽Ǽ½ֱ˻ڵϡ
ǵĻڶ˵ûķӣȥﶼԡ
ȸӹ˻صϵͳ
ıڽ˻ڵжȸİæͱʵ̸ɴ䡣
Էһ죬۷ĺϢ
ڽ죬ǳΪ˹ȥʽ
˺ǣȴ˲ǱǸΪ׵ļϯԨֻԺ˼һͷˡ
ǸļǷծԼȥ֡
ͬļߵˮƽࡣ
ǺǷףҲôңĸǶֳ
ҵ˵ľԶôȻͲѹեʽֳ񣬶ֱӽӹܵˣֱܹȻ˾Ҳ
󲿷£һϵֻһ
ʮ
͹ǰŵģ;һĻӺųԱ
뿪ĺǵѾȥʮ죬ϻس̵ʱ䣬ʱϲԣ
ҪĺǱߵ⽻ٿƵƵϵԼʾϣܺԼ̸һ̸ͨƵн̸
ʱǰƻõĽУԼ
ϯԨе˼ǲٲֺ飬һصĺǣܶͲԼĿڣڵ·ֲõѡ
ôڸղŵĻѾ˵ˣѼǰһʱ䡣
⻰˵ĺԺһ²ۡ
۵һ۾˵
˵ûʱǺˡϯԨ뵽ļƻͨ˺磬Һ֪״
˺͵֮ŷǳңԶľ룬ڶȸ˺ǻڵϵͳֽһαʺӲĿе֪ǰĺ
ֻǿϧ̵·û
֪ͨĺôǱųɾҲ֪ǱҪڶԷӦǰǱߵļӽӻٵȻ󷴿Ϊ
ΪƶһϵеļƻƻҪôʵʩʲôѡЩҪǻصܾ
Ҳʱǲ֪λþңԶ²ܱð߷֣Ҳֻм͵ִ
ȫײһȻγɵĳռ亽ܹʱˣ̽Ѱҵһ˵̫ϵ
***
¶ϵĺǡ
Ƶ
ھҵҵİšϯԨŲ;Ʒʳȴûоܡ
ʮÿһ춼ôģһʼʱַܹſڵӣɵ˺巽⽻Ҫ潻̸뷨ԽԽԺͲôˡ
һ棬ԻᱻԼǸðġ
ǰʱ仹ſڵλסǼԱлλ಻ǳɿĴֵܣ֪ΪʲôЩƳλֵܵʱô˵
˵ˣĴƳôͰǲǳĳ˶۳Ǹս
ڶƵʱкܶûֳ廥һܺ岻һǶۣĿҲûдƳȥԡ
۳棿ڲ֣Ǽ
ʲ˳ںվλ⽻ٵ̬ԽԽǿӲȥ㲻Ҫǿ
һԼǼٵģԳײг̶ȣε񲻻Լӵһɡ
ŵĸնͷһϢϳϲɫ
ˣһεҪˡ
Ƶ궥㡣
׷⣬ڸǹλͬһʱͷһ۱˴϶Цݡ
ǵĹյϢϯԨϽҪˡ
ΪӵʿϯԨֿ˵Ƕ꣬ϯԨ¼֪ж˰ϯԨΪѡξ
²ᣬ˭Ҳû뵽ӺоǵðųȻϯԨϽ
ΪִСƻ˱֪ϯԨݡ
ϧǴִƻʼڶûΪԿȴƳɧţЩƳ޲һˣǻġ
£ϽҪ˳塭뵽ΪϽԵʶ˽һѳϵˣԼͬɫࡣ
Ͻ̫ˡ
ͬļ򣬽ǹŻ䣬ס
վŵһŷϵ̵ͨơ
ǣססߵͨӦȻԼҴ˵ͷʹ˵׼ʳﲻϲָҪǸʦ
ȥ֪ͨһ¿绰֪ͨǰɡ
С
ϯԨϽҪִҽĵƣϽνĳָʦķ˾׼İš
֮ǰλʦѾηˣԷ֪ͨʱ򣬿ûжʾʹӦˡ
һǽͽȥӳʦʳĵĲͳ·롣
һļɷͽ飬ǿţڵһʱͱ׷ڵġ۸¡ˡ
˵ĿǰΪֹһ¥㸺ȫֻзͽǿϸʵֱӷˮòͳ롣
ڡ
ϯԨӲͳ·ǿλΪⰲźõĳʦԴӶֱŲͳȥ˳
ǽϵĴͻ޷ڲģʽŵĳû֣Ͼģʽȫ۳µ顣


126 
, αװ߷ƣֻҪͲ¶
ʱΪˡǿһֱھƵ׷ķԸضж켣, ´綼й̶ķ
ϯԨɫڲǰò͵ʱ, ѾʱķʦƳ뿪Ƶꡣ
ڲ΢΢ƫͷ۾شľɫһĻҲ˱ۡĳ
פA5⽻ٿɲһ, ˵Ϊ˱İȫһƱƳ˸ְʩ, ˵¥ﲼõļλ
ֻھסһ¥գǵõ, ׼κ̤һ
ⶼΪ˱İȫ
ϯԨһ⿵ǡôŽ, ϸʼ佫עеĿǰԼٵϡ
ıԱԼݡ۳ıʦ, Ͼ۳ͽһιҹ
ΪиŻ̵˯ǰĴħ, ҳ岻ʹҲпܵģԼǺչ¶ʵһȫžֿܡ
ǳԭ, һԭҲп, Ǿǳڲг涢Լ
Լ˵Ҳ, ǣһҵȨɲʲô¡Ҫ취Щ鷳Լи
ϯԨûйһ֮뷨, 뷨ûб¶ǰʵʩ, ڱţҪһ֮Ǳ߶һsss۳, һᷢġ
ôҲڳôʱ䣬ڳԻ·һ˽ģ˵SSS, A۳治Ϣعⶼһ
ϯԨ, վһ, ߵɳ
㿪, ʱȻĺǣáۡһû¡
˵ʮǰǺȨ˺Ͼʱչֳ˵ʵ
ǰʮϣάαװ֣ڵɼ˵ǷǳĲˡǰһɫ3S¡
ƻϲϱ仯ڴϣά֪ϣάĿԼһϯԨ˼һˬķˡ
ԼҮ˹֪Ĳ࣬õΪܺ͵ϵʵйأǰöһԼҲ鲻Ȼ
ϣάʦȻⶫΪϣάĿ꣬ôһһоʱϣά֪ԼиһЩ
һ»Ҫþȷϣöǲֻϵһ֣ϧҲҪȵ֪ܵ
ϯԨָöͷҪ֪ϣάμԼҲᡭˣ˵ЩҲû塣
⣬տһԼĿǺЩе̬ȣϴӳ屾ӡԼĳ쵽˵ƱҪͿһ档
֮⣬Լͻ뿪¶ϵس塣
Ǳ߻ȥкɣԼȥԺЩͰﲻæ߾ΪծҲһϣǷծ·ôշһ¾Ӧò⡣

ϯԨס׷ڿǰ򿪣ͽ˿ſȳڡ
ʵ˵ȻѾܶΣɸоǹֵֹġ
ڲȥʲôͬ£ֻ򵥵ĻеĴƳӦú͵omegaһҪǻ͡
˭һԼߵĴ˲ιҪ֪ȻǳԪΪĻһĹϵ󲿷ֻƫϲomegaеϸò˼ҵˡ
ǺalphaһĽüĿòʺɶʮˡ
ͽһݣﲻԼͬ룺Ͻ̫ˡ
ǿ֪Ƴ涼ӣ۳滹ȢܶţǷɹ涨ıҪȢȢе֡
ıģϽҲǸalphaôԼܹס
ΪҸ߼ƵĶ׷ܴװ겻סһϵİ۸
ĿһɳƤɳŵǸӰڵһʱ˿ǵעǿĿת
ӰһͷɫҵĶ̷ʵһ˫ᱻӵĵɫ˿˫ȽſɳϣϾĿǡ
ǻָԭģġۡ˵ԼӦóƺԷ֡Լ£ϯԨ£հ
ǰԼʱһֱαװӣںĻָòһʱҲò׼ϯԨʲô
ǺǰӴĸ¶һ۳棬뿪ĸܵôңԶA5ȥμǺȫ޷۳ϵһȥı
˽λϯԨ£һӹɵģǾλµĵӺܴ˼Ҳܡ
˲ÿ˵ɡϯԨǹ޵Ц⣬Ͷ͸¶ֳȴ
öɤ˵Ļÿһ㶣ܿͷӦ˹
л¡к
λϯԨĺ˵ԭΪΪԼǿӲҪ̬ȶԼе죬Ƣ
˵ˣλںԼ̸ʱ̬ȾһֱֻǶҪһЩҲûڵԼͷϣֻڸ
ϯԨ£ΪҵǿӲҪеǸΪܹ潻̸Ҳòô
ɫûз仯ÿһ
ԵĻȻϣԼҪǰλпܵǸλõϯԨ¡
죬Ե۹ĽӾͻִﰢ¶ϵ
Լ˵
***
ϯԨ֪Ǳ߻еԼȥȻû뵽ǵ۹żֵز
۹Ľͷһ쵽ģ뿪ʱڵڶ죬ƻڽӵ֮ǰͱ׵ˡ
뿪ƵǰԳĻӺͷߡ
˵˶ԼԼҲ֪Ϣģ֮ΪϢ뿪ƵǰǸ۵·߱ա
һʼϯԨû÷ͽԼߣֻڻ뿪
ո߾۾ֱӱˣǳһɿİֶûУϽͷôҪʱܰæ
Ҳ֪˽ºͷ˵ʲôͽǳıʾҪľġ
ԭ뿪г̱Ų磬ƵǰǸ۵ĵ·ȫϡ
̷ǳѸ٣Ҫ˵ûа¶ϵܶǲܵģ
뿪ƵϯԨָԭӣԡۡòص壬ϯҲϡ
ڳǱ߻ôòı⣬ǾͲҪĵˡ
£ϯԨĲװ밵һ˫С
ϡ
ϯԨżȤڴſܻϮʱȫĵִǸ۲Ե۹ǽ
֪ܲΪʲô÷ûû̫⡣
ϯԨǽ󣬿ǰλ˵ǵ۹Ԫ˧ĴƳ棬Ǹп˵ʦڡ
ԭΪ֧СͽӣɵվǸп̫оŵӴ󽢶Ӻ֪Լˡ
ϯԨпЦãԼεºóΪԼһ֧ӵĴͽӡ
һ֧ӣɾܰѵ̫ϵĨȥÿ֪ͽıһܾʡ
Ϊӭⲻʲô


127 
ĺϡ
ϯԨȥľƵ˽, ָյ֡
ھƵ겻ԶһƵڣһ
£ΪʲôͻȻȡжѯʵ̲סɻʳڡ
ڷô
ҡ˵ͷ
ֻǻ᳤, ֹ, ᳤ǱҪô
ⲻҪ㵣ģһԺͻ᳤͡
ǡЩʲôȴѡ졣
ڷ꿴һǵȥ׼, Ҳ뿪ˡ
ǡ
е뿪, űϺ󷿼ֻʣ
ڷҲαװݵϣάֱߵ䣬һŴľ, Сͷ, Ǿеı
ǺͻȻðsss۳۲ڵ۹ƽ, Ҳ˵۹ڲע, ƽһ
ڹϣۡĳһ, вʣͻӦǵıʧܡ
˻Ҳкô, ܽۡǶһ, ҲʦԹֵԭ
ϣάû뵽ж׼ȫҪжһ, ۡϯԨ, ⧲ͷӦȡж
, ӿϯԨϲʮʱ䡣
жȡҪʦ㱨ԭ
ȻǸʱ䡣
ϣά˼һº󣬾뿪¶ϵصʱϵʦ, һεĳɹҲߡʦӦҲ̫ʧ
һߡ
۹, , ۶
Ѿ߾, ô졣ƶüͷ
˵һʼǸϣϯԨһģôǰͲϯԨʲô⣬档
ں֮ǰͬϯԨԲѡһûѪǰ
ҪҪɡ֡
޴һȥǹŵԪ˧мɰոƤӵ¶֡
׼һ£Ҫ¡
⣬Լһϯҵļ
ȻϯԨҪˣôҪ߶߶ǰĺ

ı
϶ϯԨҶ쿴ˡܼŽŷ˸ۡ
߶ˣԼ¶١
ں˰ɣˡ
һڲ裬ô֪ǱԼġ
ǹˣ֪Ԩʧ˵Ϣ˵ԹƳһ
ԨҲ̫ˣܵȥˣⶼҡ
ʮǰϯԨǽƬ
ȫ۹֪ۡʵݣϯԨǰһЩϢǳϣϾǰϯԨΪ˵ϵ͵ҵʲôϢǼ򵥵ġ
ܿͿԿˡ˵
Ų˵߾ôӱ߾ǣĻһھ͵ˡ

ܼ״ʲô
Ҳû룬ֱ˵ôһֱһ£Ԩʲôʱôģsss۳ôǰôû˵
ҿ˰ԨƵҲ˲ٷԨʵĺǿ
ֹǿϺܶƳʾԼûȨϯԨһӮвASĴƳ档
ԨǰıõʵAS֮䣬ô˵ĻǲҲʵԽ˵Խ𾢡
ҲаԨôһҲ򱣻ԼˣҲЩ̫ϳЦǵ˿۳ҲԺǿġ
˵˵ŷܼ涼û˵ԭߵɵĽ
Ǿû뷨
ܼһ棬ĵǰи뷨Ҹж۳档
ע⵽ܼĿ⣬ص뷨Ҳûãⲻ˵ġ
ԼҲ۳棬۳ôΪʲô
һΪ̫
۳Զ塢˶֮ĶȤΨһıȽ϶ľǴ˶˼ȥҲû뵽ʲôɡ
±ӡ
ЩεģƳսʽʹþ̫ӣϯԨǺҲһ
ΪϯԨò۳涼Щ뷨оڴܽģϯԨ֮ǰû۳Ƴʵǿ
۳涼µµΪΪԼСôƳǻϧĵλⲿֵ۳٣ϯԨĳֻǻһԭȻԵ۳档
ҲаҲû˵
ϧǵľƳ⣬ʲôءܼ
һ£ȷ˵ҲʲôɡӦҲֵ֪ĺġơɡ
˵޸ġ۳汣͡۹ơ¡
šͷ
ļҪҽҩȻЩȤȴĪ˹Ĺϵ֪ЩڲϢ
Ī˹˵۳ľҲ棬ô̺Ҳͦ鷳ġ
ܼû˵һ䣺ֹ鷳Ҫ

֪ܼ뵽Լزѵ£һ˵ֻǸ⡣
ڴʲôգͷһ䣺ѵ˵ҡ
ȵȣΪʲô˵֡
ˣʲôġܼһĨЦݡ
濴һʱ䣺ˡ
ô졣
ʱ仹ٺȽϺá˵ͣһ£ֽ˵ȥҺܼʱҲȽæټϼϯߵĽ
ü붮
ʲôϵ»ң
ΪС罻ȦɲһǸֱƵ۳档
ʲôԼƫƫ˵ôҪ˵۵Լǣϯҵ顭ȥҲôһ
ֻǣϯԨԺٽӴٽӴ
һ鷳ģմ͵մ鷳ܼ֪϶²ҪʲôҲʲô벻
ֻҪٺ͹ˣ뵽ʲô϶ν
ͷЩ꣬˵ǾͲ˵һô
ܡ档
ǱˣʲôʱҲúһϲ˵һ롣Ĺĵ˵
Ϊá
ܼһۣǶϣεǶδٰǣȻǼ¡
Ҳڽĳһ̣ܰﵽǡ

ϯԨ̤ϵ۶أϯҰŵĳӵϯҡͬʱһ뿪ĳķ⣬о˵רŰĻӡ
ھһ֧ӻͣԼǽϸܵӣĬİš
ʵܾҲܾˣΪⶼǳʱµİšٵһѹˣο۹λߵĳµ
ϯҡ
һ³ϯԾӭļ
뿪ôã˰ɡ
ϯЦݺ㣬ϯԨܸܵ仰ǱŵҧгݡϾϯԺ磬ȰԼԼܾˡ
ôڳ£ϯԨһ䡣
þò
Ƚȥɣ۸үүڵءϯɨһŵƳ档
ЩƳϴžװӦǾơʣӦϯԨģǺ;ϺէһΪһġ
ܼңȥϢһϯ˵꣬ЩƵϯҵİǲģﰢԨ¡
µ˼סΪ׵ľϯԵĻ󣬵ͷش𵽡
ϯԴϯңӻҪġ
ϯԨ֪Լһٲ˵ģƫͷվķͽ˵Ҳȥɡ
ǡͬ
ϯԨϯȥϯġ
һμѾȥ˺ü£ϯĵľȥЩƣȻΪһЩæᡣ
ǰ̫ע£Ͼ붼뿪ˣҲûʲôùעġ
Ϊݱ¶ֺͳϵŹעԼ뿪£ȻĶʱ۹ı仯˽⡣
̶̼µʱ䷢ô£д붼ϯйϵҲѹϯķô仯ˡ
ϯԨ˼ţȴƽĵ󲮣һˡ


128 
˵ϯĵı鿴ϲŭ
ϯԨϯϯĶɳϡ
һϯĵĿʼͣԼ, ⳡ̸Լϯֻġ
ΪϯһֱûڣԵЩء
á
ϯĵȻ, ôô뿪۶, ΪʲôҪ뿪ǹȥˡ
׷Լ뿪û壬ϯĻô˵ϯԨԤϡҲԼ»ϾԼҲ͡
ϯһĬĬȲ, ۸ﻹҪѯ, µȥ͵ˡ
˵˵¡ϯĿע˫͹ȥͬ۾
, ˵ϯԨ֪صˡ
ѪǴʲôʱʼ, ʲôʱsss, Լڵ״˽١
ϯĵЩ, ϯԨڻǰѾ˸壬Ϊʱ˵
ѪѾʲôʱҲ, ӦǳǶʱ䡣
sss뿪A6¡
״ҾԼܺ, ûκ⡣ϯԨһش, 󲿷ֶʵ, ֻٲǼٻ
滰Щٻ
Ļ, ϯҲȷʵûʲô
˵ֻǳһsss۳滹ôӣϯԨر֮ʵѾȫˡ۳桯еĳ̶, һعǰ
ϹϯԨĸ۶ൽѹȥֹƳһֱҪ۳ȻܽǿߣǺǰ
۳Ҳ˺ܴӰ, ϯԨǸı, ܹռġ۹ֻҪͨĳ涼ڹע¡
ǺıƵ, ҿˡϯϵ, ˭Ҳ֪ʵ
ܹʹ̫԰ɡ
һ۳ģ۳ľܲٿص̫ʼȡ
ûлشϯľͼ˵ȥ
鷳ܹٿ̫֮һ
һ鷳ͻйأµǳãûܹ̳лλû⣬λ˳򱾸ñµĵܵҲǰƶλ
ƶĴӿ۳׸飬ǰҵϯԨͷϵʱܾˣʱϯľᵱȻΪٱƻ顣
ڳǸ⡣ϯ˵ϯҶòѡ񡣡
֪ôġ

ϯԨشһԼûȤ֪ڲ˵⻰ʱϯҲûԼھͻش
ȻϯĻһ䡣
ڲûشңȥú롣
ϯĽϯԵ֣ԣǰ£ȻϯԨ˵
֪ˣ۸ϯӦ
ϯԨ֪ϯĵ̸Ǹһ䣬֮һЩϯԻԼ˵ʲôء˼ţϯĸղŻ͸˼иģĲ²⡣
뿪Һ
տǽ߹װλϯԨϯԲС
Ū鷳۸ϯԿһۣЩε˵Ǻʼͳ۹עġ
ϯһ𡣡
ϯԨü뿪Цô̫
Ӽ浽뿪ϯĶ̬ȶ²Ҫ˵Ļ統μʱԼ
ϯЩԣΪݲһ㣬Ȼ㿴۸᲻ѵٹؼա
߰ɣȥҷ䣬ЩұҪ˵
ϯԨûоܾ
Ȼ˽⵽ڵƣϯԿп֪ĸϸ
𡣡ϯ
С
˽⣬ʡԼ£ϯԵӦ֪һЩɡ
š
ʵôģרҵķʵϵͬ3SƳ档ϯԴ򿪹ԿʼƵ
Ҫ֪Ǹܵģ۳ġ
ϯԣһʱû˵
һֱʲôϯԲ졣
ϯԨֻԭҲ֪ô
֪ʲô
Ҫʹ̫ӵǰܹʹþѡжĳƺ˵ƳʹãôΪʲô۳治ԣ
ϯšüǵľǿȲ޷ٿ̫ӡ
̫ӴȴʲôѱС򣬾ǿȲĻȫûа취ƣҪ˵ˡ
ϯԨ⻰˵ţһ԰Ǽһ
۳൱Ҫﵽܹ̫ͣȫûܡ
ԣҲû취ʹƳһȡ̫סĺˡϯԻû˵ͱˡ
Ƴĺˣ۳û𣿡ֵ̧˵ԼĶͷ
ƳܹʹþǵĺˣԼȡ̫ܹĺУγľ塣
رĵط۳ҲУ˵̫ӣֻҪ֪ǿٿ̫㹻ˡ
ϯǱص˼Щɲ㲻ǡΨһ
ǡ
ϯԨ˼ҪҪҶݵ˵ȥϯƺ֪Ҷ۳ľչڷ֮źԼ޹ؾ׵Ժ
뵽󲻵ò˵ȻԼͱġ
ʲôϯԷĳĬЩԡ
ûʲô
ϯԲ˵ģղŵıɲʲôû룬˵˼ɡ
ϯԨָϥţ˾
ϯԣ֪ôҪ˵ǣ鷳Сڵҡ
ϯһЦڵѡȨΪ۳ôӺܺǰһô
鷳ҸϣЩõݡ
ڽȥľȨ۳дƳʵ۳ܹ̤ȥֹ򣬶Բʱ״۳˵һᡣ
ϯԨ֪ҸҲν
û뵽۳ﻹȦ۳棬Ϊ۳ԻԵܵĲˡ
۳ľͻȶδʱԿȴվõʱ򣬵δ۳涼ֻ
ûн˵̫ɶϯ˵Ѿǽ𰸸ˡ
Ҷݡδ۳涼ǿҶݵ֭ҺȶǴСãֱꡣ
ҵĲ²⣬ǲǻҪԼȥȷϯԨû˵
ϯϢЩ಻סҪ뿪ô֪Լ۸ߡ
ϯȻûǰ飬Ͳžһ˵֮ҲϯԨھˡ
ϯǰǵøԼסϯԨһһߡ
ҲǵһϯңԼԭסķĻӡҲҪ˴·Լҵ
ϯׯ԰ܴ󣬽ŷֲׯ԰С
ϯԨסķׯ԰һ࣬˸ߵͿſдƳվڡЩһϯҵľơ
⻹
߽ԼϿ˳䵱ķͽ
ߵſʱƿţʵһڸġ
ϯԨЩЦãǵɣл˵
ǻ͵Сúϴûʲôͬ
ͽ˷䣬ȻתŹϡ
ôվſڡϯԨȷﰲȫ԰ڵʵܼûиǰסĵط𡣡
ӶǱǵȻҪĵطʻķʽ˼
˳ŷĻ˵ȥǰϰ塣
Щ˵ǵʵǣţ˵ûܴ


129 
Ļ, Դ˺ʵͷһء
ǲǴƳʵ̫̬ܱѡϯԨĴƳʵٮٮߡ
ҪԱ, ͽ֪ʮS
ԭϯԨЦһ¡
ϵû, ҽһЩҲá治׶Լ֣ȥԼĽͷ
˵䣬ű졣
߹ȥ, žͿǵĹܼҡ
ϯԨү, ϯүΪ׼ġܼ߽΢΢, ŵʹǰŵǰ
̨ոµĹԡ
Ӧ֪ûвùܼ͹, ϯԶЩϸһǵλ, ϯԨ֪ʱԼҪľ¡
ԭڡϯԨĹԼ뿪ʱ͸ը, ʱ
Ȼô˵֪ۡǼٵ, ǰעĹԻܹʹáǾע̫Լӡ
ϯԨףллԸ硣
ܼûжͣ, ͵뿪ˡ
¹, ΢졣
ϯԨһ, ֻҪͿֱʹ, Ҳһ㡣
һ仰û˵, ̨ԵĹʡܶǰߺǸŪĵҪ㣬ϯͳĶȻǴƷ
ͷԼģʹõϯк͸Ĳࡪʱ֤֤ǵݡ
ԼǴ, ϯǻвͬĲ², ͹Թ΢̶ȵʾá
Ǹ, ϶кܶ಻֪, ܸṩٰϯԨʾǿԶ˽¡
֮ǰʱעĹֻ̫ܽѡ
˼ǻġ
ܼиǰסôһվڣֻ͹ˡ
ϯԨϣܾ˽һЩ£Ҳ֮ܿҪȥþ˵ˣڳҲֻбԼĽͷˡ
Ƚͷ뿪ϯԨɳȡ֮ǰùid¹С
Ϣռŵͷ˿һһŷǳĸͼƬӵ뿪Ǹ۵һĻ
ϯԨָ˵Ļĵһ̳ҵԼǰղع
̳ǰģԭǸ콻ʱȵ̳ڶרˡ
ţΪ۵˹йԼܺô
ʵֻѼѯȫһκιķ紵ݶϢʡ˲¡
Ҳ֪۹ôģԴصϯҡ
֮춼ûκεĶҪйϢ֣ҪԼǲǱˡ
ʵֻ֤Ĳ²⡣
ʧϯԳˣֵͬʱһϲ
˾ˡ
ûСɿץϯ֣ܹ˽µʱ䲢ûȥǰµ׽
ϯԨϯĵԴϯһв죬Ȼϯ⻹ʼδ⡣
ôˡ⻰Ƕϯ˵ģ½ϯıŵԼϥϡ
ϯ𣺡ΪССرر˾ˣ֪˾˻ôƸ
˾벻ҡ
ϯû˵ȻĬϯĵĻ
ϯԨע⵽ϯĿЩӣ⣬жϯĵҪ˵ء
СһﱻĲָرá
Ҳ˾ˡյϯգգۡ
ǿɰ
ϯԨţ˵ǲǳǣţô𡣡
ûгԣƸ˵ǻʹССԡϯĵŴһ˵һƳϯ򣬻״
Ƹ˵Ķԡ
ĻϯĵıЩɥԲʧȥĹ⡣
ϯԨƵĲ䣺ٳһ㻹ǿԵġ
仰ϯĵһСƵĵͷ˵лл˾ˡ
ȻֻϯԨһʱ䣬ϯĵСԴԼҾ˾˵ķ
ϯ֪ܲԼСʲô赭д˵һ䣺ԺǶˣȻˡ
ˣϯԨͷϯġ
ϯץ½ĿڣһţѾˡ
ϯԱ߿˺һϯԨһ㶼ûԼĴ׼粻ϯԨһֱԼ
Ĺ˾
ϯĳϯԿȥϯϤģ˾˲Ժ˾˾ϵƸ
˾ˣʲô𡣡ϯԥһ»ǴϯԨϥȥߵϯߡ
˾лҪ˾˵ĿȺƸһ𡣡
뵽Ƹ˵ġ˵̲ϯĹӦһáͱƸǣ˳ȥ
ڡ
ûϯϯڳϯԱҪ㡣
˵ϯֽ˵ʱ죬۸һȥ
ΪʲôӦҲܲµһЩģ۸ڲᷢʲôġ
ںܾ֮ǰϯԾ֪ϯԨʵܴҲ֪淢ʲô£ϯԨЩ
ʹԼҲڵϯԨʲôһסϯԨǰǸܹʲôϯԨʵ¶һ档
ϯԵĻϯԨûиеκ⡣
˵ʵڻԭΪԼʱ仹һЩû뵽͵Ȳˡ
Ϊ˴һˣ
ϯԣûңǽ
û˳·ˡ
⡣
ֵǽ
һһ峤ӲʵalphaҲŰ֮ĵģԼ˾¾ﻹŵ̼
Ŀǰһ˿վ壬ʵ϶λǣźӺϯһĴƳǺ档
ΪԷֱƳ۳汾ӦǼͦѵ£ֻҪ׼صټһֱܺܺ÷ֱЩԱġ
Ĳ˵ƳԵһǶųͷǾҲ⣬ɰĽǳп
۳ͷĶ࣬Ը֪Ϣشڣ۳ĸоͺͬԵalphaһǳʡ
AAⲻǿЦģalphaϢҳڴһǳĸʻ
֮һܹȫѹһΪֹ
غɫ۾ĴƳϽʲôϵѵ˵ϽڵʲôݣһЩСٺϽЩƣòᡪòϽĺӰɣ
ޱȼϱŵ顣
ҲǲܣϾϽôˣȢƳϱоŷ
ͷԷ籩Ľ˿ûע⵽СмˣҪϯԨģϯԨ²ʮŪˡ
磬ʶҾ˾𡣡ϯĺܵǰͷ
һŲСϲⲢ˵òãֻǿЩɷɱڲ̫ýӽȵСͨܡ
ԵϯĽӽʱ򣬽ôһ˲סˡ
ʶĥô˵ŲСѣԣȵȣ˾ˣ
˾ϯԨ᣿ǵԼǸڣûѿڶһ䡮Ͻ
԰
ϯһ㶼ҲΪĸо;˾˵Ĳࡣ
ϯһ㶼ҲΪĸо;˾˵Ĳࡣ
˵;˾һģܺ˵˵˾𣿡
ϯһϯĵķҪűˡ
СϽ˾ˣԱƳȻСǸӣҲ˵Ƴ=Ͻĸ/ܵܡϽݰǺϽĹϵӦñǸϯԵĸһЩɡ
԰
˵УȷӦŲԼӦʲô
ϯԳľĳ
ϯ˵ϯһüЩΡ
ϯĶʺã˾ˣ;˾˵껰ҿԽȥҾ˾𣿡
ˣȥɡ
ϯĻһȻŤͷԽ˵磬ȥ˾ˣȻ㡣

ˣʵǱ಻ˡ
Ͻйصĺܶ¶˵Լʾ֭ѳζǲҵôЩ˵ġ

ͷʱ˵£õһƳ
ôһ㲻ȣ
ʲôþȵģҽ֪˸˵Ϣ벻
ʲôʡ
һʱ䣬ʱ˵ҸŻ࣬Լȥ顮ϣά˹ͼء־֪ˡ
Ŷͷ
ͽ̵ֹ֮ͬʱ˽ڳϣϯԨⲿֵϢǷڿ
ֺΪ𺳣Ҫ֪һ£濴Ͻ׺ʹƳ涩Ǿһˡ
ڵ֪Ϣĵһʱ䣬һԼĸֵܡĴƳ棬ֻϽϽʿ
Ȼ뷨ڿϣά˹ͼءƬʱڽŵףϽϽÿomegaﶼгôÿģֱֵ컨塣
ĽĽˡ
ϯԨķ
ϯϯԨЩıӣٿǰ׸Щͷ۵ķ
ȥʻʦڡ
һ״õȫҪϣƵĳֻ뵽񶩻һ졣
ʲôԵģڵĺͳǻû̫仯ϯԨôŷ·뿪ñ䣬ߵһലͷϵĹԡ
ɫĹ֤ڡۡġ
㿪˿̾˿ûԤиյϢ
Դһĺϼ浽ѾȥˣϣάӦ֪ۡԼˣϴμʱԼ¡
һϵԼݺ뿪ĺǰһιֱڶûյµϢ
Ȼв棬ҲпϣάˡŹԼȥʯ󺣵ϢЩԽ


130 
ڶ졣
ϯԨʰ׵ϯһ
ʹռ, ԻʹÿһԿʷ̣羫ľɫ洦ɼԶκһ
ϯԨԭΪȼ, û뵽ȼĳۡ
γʰ¼ӡάӺĴƾҲγ, һֻԼϼһ档
·ϣϯԨϯڵ˵һǳáڶ̶̵ʱﲡ񻯵ֻܹԴϢ, ĿǰΪֹûз֪ܹʹõҩ
ƺǾϳ, ǶԾкܶоĳ壬ڶϾʱҲ޲ߡ
Ǳ̴Ӵȥ۵ʱ, ˳İƶ, ϯͣͶԷ䡣
ڼ䰣ƶĿ⳯˿, ʲôû˵
ֻ̬, ʱԼ밣ƶԶһЩϯԨϱòԵЦݡ
ֳ, ٿھ;ٿ, رƲʵʱ
ʵҺܴ
һ̤ȥܿʯĵŵĸ߼ë̺, һԲǶɫʯ, ӼڵĻȥڷɳ輸, žµĲߡ
ȻֻһϣڵλûЩԶ, ϯԨû취վ￴ڱɴϵӡ
ϯĴ
öϯԨɡ
۴ЩЦĿ˵û뵽ּ, ýš
ǡϯԨӦһ
۹Իҡ塢ƽĵȼ, лҲö˵, ΪʵȨͷ, ϯʵȨ壬ϯԨүүǹ
յλԣʹӦүүүүǰѾȨϯģ˵ϯǰ϶һμ̳г档
ϯϯҳͷ⣬һкʹȨͼࡣ
ڶĸҪ϶ϯĴϯҳ棬ԴϲղȻҲǵһμϯˡ
кһߺϯ˵Żһȴһֱڿ
ڷ۳棬ʹǻҲûгֹˣ˵ǾȼﵽSSSҪԼĺӸжá
ȷһγʼ̳ߣȱҪ۳棬ξȼ治̫͡Ҳ⣬˵Ѫ۳棬Ȼһεĳʡ
кѡ֮ϡ
ϯĺͳ˵Ż˵˵ž˵ϡ
ϯԨѪȫ˰ɡ
仰˵ϯģ˵ԼϯԨ뵽ش𣺡Ӧǵġ
ܹٿ̫
šԼû˵ѵıҪǺƵ˵һС
ǲ˼顣ۿ̾˿˵ǰ˵԰ƶĴЩøС
ϯԨ˭˵ġ
ģû棬ʲô뷨Ծ˵
Ƴһŵϯģûеõκεʾ⣬ֱ˵Ŀ˵һ䡰ûС
Һ·ֻΣϤҪ˵·кøˡ
ϯһԸԼ·ԣ鶼Լûϵ
Ļش𲢲⣬྿ôϯ˵ˣϯԨΪ˵õȷĴ𸴡
ϯԨǺѰ۳治ͬʵǸ⣬һ۳ܹٿ̫Դӵ۹ǵһγ֡
3S۳治ûгֹܲٿ̫ľǰһҲ˵۳ܹٿ̫;ȼûйϵġ
ˣʱҪġ
ۿڶ˵Ȼϯˣôʹ֪ζʲôô
кһЩϯԨؾĻش
ۿϯġ
ϯڳۿԼ̵ͷ˵ǰ˵ĻҶ˵ˡ
ͱµĴ㣬ԨԸ
ϯĵĻû˵꣬ͱϯԨˡ
۱£вͬ뷨ʱٲڣϯľҪԼˡ
ۺͳʲô㣿ʲô㣬ȷΪһγʼ̳ߵݣ̫ӡ
ǲôżģڳʵǰõǼֵƵĲֵ֢۹ڲȵ¾ȷ̫ӵѡõġ
һ۹̫ӣְλҪҪôһôǾ൱ǵһҵϡ
ȨˣҲǴĴ¡
ϧǣǡ
Ϊ㻹һˣڳĹޡϳϵĳôҪǣϣάԼµͷС
ʣܲԺͳʱ̸һ̸ȣϴЦݣ˵
ʱȫܾǲܵģһϯԨ
ڳȬ£ҪԼȥƺҳԱ˵ƶǡ˵ԼΪ̫ӡͿԻһܺõĵơ
ͬʱϯεվڻҵϣôȻֹһЩ
ϯԨĻϯĺͳ۶ǰȻǾȡ
ԨҪ֡ϯĽ֣ľ档
ô˵ϯȴЩľ
ϯԨı仯̫ˣЩԽǰϯԨͼеϯԨغһ⼸µʱı˵Լӵֶڲɳڵģ
ϯĵĻÿɷ󲮣Һ档
ûпڻؾ֤أϯԨ˼ţԺֵܳЩҡ
£ܸΪʲôᡣ˵ˣǴЦȥܺͰģ
ͱľȻǹҵģôӦҲоȨɡϯԨֵĴݵ˵ĻȴԱߵϯһ
ϯԨĵҲ̫ˣ˭ͳ۱̸ǰһĺ£ϯԨôƫƫҪŪЩ
ȻǵڶμϯԨϯԨӡ󼸺ûУΨһӡǡܺõ۳桯ϯԨѪѺһҲûеõʲôرֵϢ
ϯԨĹȥ̫ͨˣʮĵ۹۳ûʲôͬ
ԼǰԼ̬ȲϯԨȴԼ֪ȫһ鱨ǲٵģôֻϯԨڼ䷢˸ı䡣
ϯԨϯѾ֮ˣ˵Ҫû뵽
Ͼԭ뷨УϯԨӦȫϯĵĻúһ̫ӡ
ڵЩԤˣеЩͷԼٶȳʧ
˵ҲеȻȥѯһ±£ԸԸ㡣
˵䣬ȥ
ϯԨԴһ㶼ż֪һԼġܶԷǳʲôԭǡ
ϾڵȨԼϣԼǵԤ뷽ǰٵñ֤ԼԹǵߣô
ʱ
ϯѹɸֵ˵㵽ʲô
ʱôģ㶼𡣡
ϯԨ֪ϯԼļƻҪǰڵܶԼϯĹͱ׵ĿʼѵԼˡ
ûֻϯ˵ֻǴ󲮣ҲԼ뷨еľż
ģҲġ
ϯԨϵЦ⣬ɫԳһΡ
ǰɹĲŵ²٣ϯеζȻûҲԶ
ڸղŴ̸ǰϯԼ㣬ϯĿ϶ͬ⡣
䲻Чõģϯû취ֹͬʱֻﻢµԼѻ˵ꡣ
ϯĳĬ
ʱˣԼ˵ʲôҲֻϯԨȥˡ


131 
ϯԨ˳, ֻһˡ
ڴϵɴһԣվڴ߶Կڴͷĳһ
ϯԨݼ¡
ͬʱҲڿ
ǵڶμ, ˵ǵһҲԡ
һμʱϯԨƽƽûκֵóʹעĵط, ϯϯԨĳȫǿϯҵϣԺйϯԨӡģ
ϯԨ˫۾ʱ򣬳лһ¡
Ѫǲٵ, û뵽ԼһȻܼѪ۳档ϧϧǳڻ, ҪǳڻҸöôĺá
ʷϲûоѪ۳ǳͻͨļУ޼, мʷв
ԼǰϯԨǵ
ö񡣡
˹˵ҡ˹ǳ۵֡
, ˵ЩʲôʵɫЩ԰, ʹһûжѵʱ䡣
ϯԨһҪԼټʱ̲Ӧڡ
ϯԨóʵ״̬ܲ, Ҳû˷ʱ䣬ԼøĻ˵˳
ҶԼ̳бλû뷨, ϣ¿ʺϵ۳档
ʵɫһĨȻ, ϯԨܾ˸˹Ϊ˺Լ̸, ôҲû뵽̸ԼĲôԶ
ⲻܡ
Ҳ˵ʵġ
ȡȿȿ۾, û۳ʡ˵Ż̲ס
Ѫǵʵֱӹҹ, ֻѪ۳ܹϳʵλãҲֻ㹻ǿĴƳϳʳΪۡ
ʼ, ˵ӦӦµĽı䡣
Ϊ˵۹ȶҲΪôһЩ棬ԼҪ¼̳, һ㲻ΪϯԨľܾı䡣
ϯԨϵ˳ʻô˵, ҲûʻӦԼҪ, ǲΪ֮Ϊ׳ȥһҪ
Ȼô˵, ҲҲǼ鷳¡ƽ
˵ء
ʿϯԨĿ

û뵽ϯԨӻô֪ں˭˵ȻвԼ
ϯԨ֪ԼºϻͷϰëһΣգŵ̬²ҪֻδĹʱޡ
ܳṹ͵ͬô˵ҲһͳߣΪԼие
Լͳʵĵλ˵һһ£ֵõԼͶԷ̸
ϯԨĻóʮֹŹ֣ʲôĹһʱޣǰѡ̫ӡλõŴְ
һʱ䣬еŭɢЩ˲١
˵뷨
̫λҿԽܣֻʱġϯԨ˵
ճȨûȤҲ̳гλá
ͨ۳涼ҪĶȥˣҪڳʵλϣ˵صˣⱲӻܲ뿪ǶǸ⡣
ҲóԼ̳λãڻôΪûѡ񣬲òˡ
ڼϣ飬ֻҪԽҵĵߣҶϡ
ʵһֱϣĻйŹֵĸоԽԽء
ϯԨ˵ĲǼٻΪо۹̫ӵλѵϯԨûһеѡԲ̬ȼֱš
ڵĻ̫ӾΪδĳʣλò֪۳ҪõϯԨȴǱ֮ġ
ȷ֪Լ˵ʲôᡣʵ
Һȷ
飬ʳĬһ˵һ˻̫ӣûĻǲܱġ
۳滹пܣϯԨϻҼ̳б׼ûпܡ
ڳ˵⣬Ϳǵˡ
ֻҪµָܹ˭˵׼ءϯԨһĨЦ
ʻôżȷһμ̳ߣ޷ǾԼ⣬ûƷѡ
ҵҪôס
ʶԼ˽⣬Ҫ˵һܺҲôżסˡ
²Ļһô
ϯԨ˵Ҳ취
а취ʱ龪ʣʵ϶Ļûб̫ϣ
ûа취Ҫ֪
ڵ⣬뵽ǰϯĺ˵£Ǵ澫򡭡֮
ûа취Ҳ˽һ³ڵ״̬һļƻ


ϯĺͳ죬ǵ˼ϣϯԨʲôʱ
֪ϯԨͱ̸ʲôϯžͿϯԨ߳
ϯԨϯĵĿϣһ̾ƿˡ
ûȥϯ˵ߵ۸˹ǰȥ
һ뿪ѯ˲ϡ
ϯļ뿪֣ߵԼߺʡ
ͱ˵ˣϯҲ׺ͱ˵ʲôֻò
˵ˡ
ϯĹ۲飺ǣô˵ûŭ¡
ֻҪһ뵽ϯԨղŵӣϯĵľ̲ס
ûСϯԨҡͷ˵º̸
ϯšüһۡ
ֻҲ˵ǰϯԨ˲٣ǳȵô
۽ȥܿͳˣЩӵĿһϯԨ˵
Ӧˡ
ϯһͷˮĿϯԨ˼ϯԨñ´Ӧʲôֻûϯ׾۵һ仰
ΪİȫҲΪ˷ͲҪˣֱסҲ֮ܡ
ϯԨһ£عȻô˵ҵȻİš
סһʼĲһȴҲͻҪԼסǾסˡ
ԼֳģѾǰµĹӡټԼͳĽԼԳʵôҪͽ۲ԼҲ֡
ڻʹ﷽˳ʵͬʱʵҲԼ
ⲻòֵ̯ӱӵԼϣʰ˶Լá
۱£Щʹ˵ϯԨϯģ̩Ȼ˵Щϰߵĸңô󲮸ͽô
۸˹šһӦЩԼ
һҪչ˱£סһ÷㰲źãκ㶼
÷ĵλ൱ǻҵĹܼңҵ
Ȼ󣬳۽˴󣬾һֱվû뿪ĴƳ÷
÷Ǳµӡָ˵
ϯԨǽ˽Ԥ϶Գ۵Ļû̫ȣɻЩΡ
ϾҲϯҵ۳δƾնһԸף֮ҪϳΪҳԱЩϯĸġ
÷¡÷ʰǰûе𾴡
˵÷ǰǵ̬Ȳá
÷ڼǰѾ֪ݣҲ֪δг˳۳棬ԴӼ̬Ⱦʮº͡
۳ǡδĵ¡÷ȻĽŵ˵λϣչֳ𾴺ǫ̬
÷Ժڻʹе˾㸺𡣡
ǣ۱¡
۷Ըú÷뿪˷䣬÷ǰ·
÷ڣϯʲôʲˡ
ʲôҪĶ簢ԣһɳ͹ϯĶ˵
лл󲮣һġϯԨά̬һʮģ
ˡ
Ҫ֪ϯԨʲôĳ棬ϯ˵ľˡ


132 
÷һµĹ, еĲó趼ǳɣһۿȥֵ֪ơ
ӳ۷Ը÷źסСʱʱ䣬ô̵ʱ׼һ, Ը׼
ϯԨ÷, һ˶
޹İ裬װ洦ɼһʮƽĲʽñ, Ÿɫ
ϯԨһԼĳ, ôɺϵ¡ڻһ˶Լ⣬ɴϾ͸ܵвڹ۲Լ
ȴ⻹иƷ, ϡټĸֱʯαһڷڳй, ˷ѵݳ޵ĵ˾ȡ
÷˵, еһжΪԼ׼, κβϲֱӻ
ֱֻǳ۵Ľ򲻿ܲó, ĽԼ۹̫Դˡ
ϯԨⲽص, Ժ˼, عǰͳʵĶԻ
ڳͬԼ, Լþ̽һ³ʵ
ϯþĺʧܶһĺƬͬ, ʵǾڵľӦˮһ, ֮С
ľȴǽһ飬ܵʱƺЩʱ޿̲ų, ³Լû취þ
Ƴľʱ۳, ۳Լľȴ֪˭
ѯʳʵʱ, ӳʵܷ, Ǳֽšǲֵ֪ʲô۳˳ľ˿ƵĹռ䡣
ϯԨûֳʵľƺЩԼһ˿±ȡ򶨡
ǵȼѹô벻Ľ͡
ҲǾ򶨡һ˲䣬̾͸оʱ޿̲ʹٿʧˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ϯԨֳʿԼĿһ˿С
ľܶԳʵĲú󣬽ȥһоͱ˳
ܾƷûӰӣͻƿڳˡ
ϯԨʵ̬ȱ仯ֻҪܴﵽԼĿľ͹ˡ
ͷʵĲоԼ˵ҲǸϢζԼʱڵݿԲҪȡڼֶΡ
Ƴʷ㲻ԼģųʻҽѯصƷʱԼֻҪϡ
һȽء
ȻͲµʵĴ̫Ҳû뵽ز
ʵĲΪһܹʹ쳣ĶģֶضûӰ죬ڳ׷ʹ;⣬ڵĳ
ӳֶص׷Ҫʱ䣬΢΢Ķصʱ䣬ܴﵽЧ
Ҳ˵ʱ¶Ǻܶǰ£ǽڷġЩǳʸ֪ԼģΪľøԼһϵġ
ɸ¶ĳ˭ɵƺǰƶǣôƶ̣ݷô³֡
ҪԼƶıͳɹˡ
ʵĴڵ·ڵԼҲһǰʯϯԨнƶֻһȦΪѾɱ⡣
ʲԺеͱƶܣʹڲİȫҲ⣬Ϊչ˳ʷ˺ܴһȨ
뵽ϯԨ̾һ
ΪԼİȫΪ˺ͳ֮ĽףԼҪѰƶߵǲȨû˻Ҫڳʸǰάס۹ľ档
˵ļ򵥣ڵĳ۹һŪãͻ䵽ҵ³
صĳʡλõİƶ޸ĵ۹ƶȵƽᣨѾлʱ׼ˮĹ۳ǣо)
뵽ϯԨͻȻ뵽ϯԡ
ԴӼǰҶݵ͸©ϯ֪ϯԾûԼûص¡
ҲǸ֪ʲôʱᱬĵװϯԼıϾܿϯԶԡҶݡ⡣
ĿǰΪֹ֪ϯԶԴʲô뷨
ϯԨһºϯԡ
***
Ƶ׷ڡ
һ״ҽģҡеľƱ͸ľҺҡײڣһе̬ڶϣά
ıһЩ
ϣά˿̻άģ⻰ȥʦ
ȥӰԨĽǰ뿪¶ϵķɴٶȲ۹ӿ졢ϵȥʦ˼졣
Ǹ񣿡
˼ȥҲӦá
Щ֣ôͬ°͡
ǸǼһԸԼ˽ģ֪ϯԨڵ۶ϣά϶ڴʲô⡣
ԼҪġ
һǰǸϣά֪ģҲ֪ϣάʧˡ
һʼ֪ԭ򣬵ڡۡʵϯԨعôˡ
㻹ǷŲ̾Ϣһǵ˵ڵݺ͹ȥһˣַֿôãҲѾˡ
һ仰ϣά˵Щ̣ܱϣάϣʧĺá
ϣά֪ǺԼô˵Ϊ֪ԼͰԨ˽ϵҪ֪ĻͲô˵ˡ
ᡣ
ƶε˵Ϊʲô֮ǰϯԨǵԭ򡣡
ϣάû뵽¡
˵ʱҪǸ㣬϶ġ
ϣάĬˣû취Ϊʵ
ջ֪۶ŵʲôɡ˵ţϵͶӰϣάǰ˵Լɡ
ͶӰű#̫ӵ½ڽϯҾٰĴ#Ŵ󣬰ҲһȼߵƬ
ڷƷŵǹһĨЦɫ̺ƽºͣԾͷ̬󷽴޿ޣֻôվžܸܵӺݻ
ϣάƬЩʧ񣬵ܿͻع˵֪
֪졣
šϣάûƿĿ⣺һֱڹע
һ飬һ仰ѿڶ֪Ҫδ£
Դǰҷ淢Ŀ϶ϯԨݺ⼸ȫǹϯԨģЩȻᵽϯԨĿǰδ顱ûдƾ¡
ǻٵŶð˳һб۵ģ˵ĺһ
ĺΪϣάģϾ۳涼ûģλԽԽϲȢһѴƳ桢ǴװԼļң³ﻹǵǰϲĴƳ档
ֻдģûгϹϣάƽ˵
һҭ̲סһ군ˡ
ϣάû˸е򲻷ޣϯԨͣĽҲֻϣϯԨԵϣάΣҪϣάĵ¡
ϾϣάﻹŸСġ
ţеôСӻðɡ
ܺá
ܾڱϲǣŵ۳ȴߣôá
Ӳˣһֱڸ飬һ֪ܲôĶӿһʱ䣬Ѿ˸ˡ
ҩǲˡ
һ֧
𵱻ϵˡ
⣬˵ȻˣϯԨҲڵ۶ҩõĶࡣ
۳߶á
ϣάĶȻڰԨߣջҡͷܾˡ
״üΪʲôӦ֪ٹһ¾͸ڲסˣҲĳ̣ƾʲô¶
㲻õǸаӦ


133 
, Ҳǵʦ
仰ѹţЩɸֵ˵ϣά˵⻰Լô
ϣάĬһ, ˵ȥʦʱʦ񡣡
ʲô񣿡׷, üҾ֪Ǹûʲôġ
ʦһƸйҮ˹ȥ¡
Ү˹Ǹûзô̾һҪ˵ǶǶǰ£Ҳ֪»ֻǸ˵
ʶǸô, ֪Ǹʲô, Ҳ֪׷Ү˹ܳʱ䣬Ϊ˵õ˵Ү˹Ǹй׵ܡ
Ҫô׾ҵ, ͱҵ, ﻹֵõ
ϣά뵽ԼйҮ˹Ķ, һڵû, ҶҪȥƸһ棬ϴͻȻʧٿ϶ôƸܵġ
ǸȥƸ
ϴȥʱ, Ȼʲô, Ǻܵġ
š
ûղŵĻ, ϣάȻ˵ǾͲ˵, Լ֮ȥ̽̽Ǹô˵
Ǹϣά, ȻֻΪϣάȥƸô򵥣һĴ㡣
***
ʹ
ϯԨ޵鷿ڡ
Ļʾһ̳ҳ, ҳϵݲϹš
ϯԨԹѾϢ֪۹ڶԼͻȻλġ̫ӡôģй۹ƵһЩۡ
¥۵
5682L
ŵ, ôˢô졪λôôÿ
5683L
+1Ƭȵ»ʱģĲҪǿ̫ˡ
5684L
ôÿ۳ֱǵ۹ı, عµƬ
5685L
һϢ, »δŶ, ûдƾ̶ûء
5686LҳǮһ
˭˵ûд̣Ͷ
5687L
ǶʲôʱˣѾҥ˺ô
5688L
ǣλûŵĴ̲Ѿô
5689L
λϣάнɡ
5690L
ޡ
5691L
˯ɣʲôС
ϯԨ»ҳͣһ£Ȼ֪ϣάû¡
⣬ЩƳ棬ѵǳ˶ԼסͲ۵ôȻֻ֪ϺƳȺ۳ǿȰ׷ʵǲֱЩ
ڻʹﱻɵߵĴƳ棬˱ȫľ⣬Ƴٶֳһ
ȫǻǸ۳桢ȼSSSֵģҪ֪ǰЩĺʷָô
ʮҳԼǳ˳顣
ôô
ǣȳ󲿷۳ҪӢЩҲôðɡ
뷨ʵǫˡ
۳ĳƽƽʹ۳òЩȴǲࡣ
ַʮҳϯԨԼ뿴ݡ
6892L
ϵĴǵµһڹ¶棬˵ʵĽʶµ·¡
6893L
·µ۸ʶҲûʲôֵģ˵Ժ󻹻ΪµĴƾء
ʲôġ
6894L
ҲԺˣڵ»Ǵҵ_(:١)_
6895L
۹Ҫ޸ġ۳汣𣿲֪λ۳»᲻֧֡
6896L
ȷ𣿡
6896L
׶ΰɣôףϾʩôˡ
6897L
Ҫ޸ġ۳汣Ҫ޶۹ơǿʱڶµġ
6898L
ϣ޸ġ
6899L
ѾŶܽзѾˣǲǱƽô޶ɷĿԺܴ󰡡

޶۳汣ԴƳ˵һ£ڹ˽Լûвֵ֧ĵֻǸôʾֶ֧Щ۳ķҪϸ˼
ϯԨһϢʱȻ
ɨһĻȻصſڵķ˵
űƿ÷
£ʱ׼ˡ
пĳͳȻʺϳϯϵᣬϯǰҪһ·ˣʽϵ׺ݻƷڵݡ
š
ϯԨû˵ʲôվŴ·÷÷һЩϿܻᷢ
÷˵¶֪ڲ˵ĸϸһЩ
ˣţûд÷Ļ
÷ĵλܹʹȨͣҪ÷һõĹϵ
÷˵꣬ϯԨڵлʱˣܶҶ
㣬Ҷ֪ô
ǰʹ÷е֪ⳡľٰʱ䣬Ҳ֪ⳡûִǵʱ򣬾Ѿ׼
ڼܸ˾÷һ۳桢Ƴ⣬Ҳ˺ܶ̾ĳϯҪĿֻһ
ܸʶҲܹһ档
÷ĸлãû潫ֳ
ˣΪЧҵҡ÷һǫ顣
˵Ҳʵ
λµĹȥܺ˽⣬ϯҵݱϯԼ˵һ̫ӵ۳棬˵Իʲô˽⣬ͨҲǹȥĳ̶ȡ
Ȼͻѧֺֿãڵֻһѧģ

˷˲ʱ䣬һͨڻϯԨȥ۵·ϡ
ʱ̧ͷһͿңԶʴ̫Ҫ£עϦɢĻƻʱ̣ϯԨĿɨߵļƳ档
ڣǸɴжϾܿʵǿǰǴ·÷
Ϊǵһγϯϣ۴»ʲô⣬ر˵һ÷Լһϯ
һϯԨֻ˳ۡ
˵˹´һЦЦ
һμ棬һθ˹̬ԺͰ࣬˵Ҳ׽һЩĽԴ
Ͽֵܳ÷Ӧö˵ˣҾͲ˵ˡ
⼸۶ûټȻҪ϶Ҫ˵ǲ֪Ҫ˵ķ档
ϯԨв²ţԼµӡпܵӦǡ
ǰ˵ϲ·ϣ㲻Ҫֳ˹
Ȼ¡
û˵
˹Ҳ⣬˵·۸ǰƶ֮Ĺϵֵ̫
⣬֮ҪȢĴƾǳԻҵĴƳ档
Ŀǰʻ䡢λݵĴƳֻ·
˵˹һۣŷ񶨡
ǻ̫һ죬һͲı䣬ڸ֪ôԴ·˰ɡ
ϯԨţ׳۵˼ˡ
֪Լͳ۵Ľݵģô˵ҲԼһϸġ̫ӡԺûʲô
ԼϯҾ㱻ʷҲҪͻҳĴƳͿǵˡ
ֻǱҳ˵ҲҪԼ·ʲôֻҪϹȥ
Ҫ֣ϾûҪΪ
˹ϯԨǸӴ󡢻ܴ۳棬⼸ϯԨıд÷е֪ϯԨͬԼҪ
ҿ˵ģôԼ
ԣҲ档˹ˬ˵ֻ
̸ϯԨҪ뿪ʱ
˹˵ˣһ¡
عʾۼ
㰲һ飬ʱ÷㡣


134 
翪ʼһСʱ
ϯԨѰźõĳǰ, ɫļӳγӻʹʻ˾ı֮һ
ں󷽵Ŀռڳ⣬÷
ݰ, Ὺʼǰм߸һ, ⳡʻֱ÷һ˵һߵݸļֽ
Ǽ߻ʵ⣬ڻشԲοĴ𰸡
ϯԨ˳ֽӹϣ÷ǰԼһ, һݶΪб޻Է׼ġ
ֻǼ򵥵, ÷㲻õġ΢΢һЦº͵Ц¿ʵüչ¶ɡ
ǲΪҵġ
Ȼᡣ
÷ǿĿ, пһ˵ûдƳϣ, ΪϲöһС
˭Ϊǰλ, ʹԼ, ⼸ദҲ̲סϲλ˵ĵ¡
ֻҪЦž͹ˡ÷ն˵
²ЦʱЩĮЦҪýӽĶ, ˭ܾܾϺƵ۳أû, ûдƳܾ
ϯԨЦ΢΢һ
Ϊ̫, ÷ûע⵽
ֺȰԼɫĻôùֵֹ, Ҳζû취Ӧ
˿ϵĸ, Ų֪ϣά᲻ῴһʵֱ
ǰʱϣάԼѾصϵ, ͻᵽǡ
ʱ䣬ӦѾˡ
ֻǲ֪ΪʲôϣάһֱûظԼ
ֳ
ⳡĳرڵ۶ľƵ, Ұ, ȫݵĳ塣
ϯԨĵĳھƵſͣһ, һͶſڵýһӵ, еıЯʽ㾵ͷ׼š
ûܳǰһкΧоֽεĵ⣬Բп̺Ӵ̫ӵµĻᡣ
ű򿪣һȿϰ
һʱ䣬ƴ˷
ϯԨԾͷȫڵʱҲû
Ȼ࣬黹еġֻҪڳʵƺͱ飬һĹͽˡ
ɫĸ߶װ͹Եǡôÿһ׺ƷǾϸѡѡ
˲ٵĺڷĴڲͶߣϸһ࣬ǲס۾λá
ҹɫ£˫ɫҪһЩ
ڳϯԨĳﶼðƬÿ뷨ڶ뷨ǡǸ˵ġ
˵ҵ۳ھѪﵽSSS󣬳ᱻŻʱڵ۳濿£˵ʱ۳ĳöرÿΪһֱû֤ʵֻڴ˵С
ϯԨ³Լһҵʱ䣬÷ʱĳЦŽһ㣬ͱһӵϺ̺Ƶȥ
ƵڵĴѾ峡ˣϵĺ̺һ·̵ǰ
ţݿڵİƳ水ţݡ
ֱﶥ㣬ڼ䲻塣
÷ʣ£оԼ״̬ô
ϯԨϲֽš
㡣
Ÿרõİڡ
ŵɳڷڷУǼõֱĺͼĴƳ档ǸĴƳߣɷþʽʼˡ
λտֱĹǴҺãܲһεĲɷãߵľǵ۹εĻ̫ӵ¡
һ󿪳׹󣬻ȻȻıϡ
һβɷʴķʽеģ׼ô߶̬ȴ󷽷¶ЩĹС
׼ˣʡϯԨüǹ
˵ô˵ɲɷõѾˡ
Ȼˣ˵ʳΧģϾʵķΧһͱȦˡ
ճڵ۹ǰҶȽİʹӵϲɡ
һ⣺ϲʲôɫ
ߺɫûһʼһЩûش⣬Ǵϲõȵȷʡ

֮⣬һ۽䡣
ռֱܼûĴĵĻҵص㣬ڶϵĶﴫһ䡰ɫƯص󲿷ֵĻڿڽܲɷõϯԨ
[ˣϲɫҲɫ]
[ͷܲһ㣬ǿü]
[Ҳһϲɫµ۾ÿ]
[(??)ϲ¡]
ɷòŸոտʼʴڼϲʳõȵʹӭ˴ϲּʴ⡣
ߣǶ֪ǵδĴƾʲôҪ𣿡
ܼ°ͣ׼ϯԨô˵
ûҪϲͺáϯԨ̹Ȼ
شͳʵļ߶һ£ںܿͷӦ˹
ϲʲôģĴƳ𣿡
ϯԨ˼һҪ˵ô
ЦЩʹ˵ŲֹҺ棬ĻǰĴҲܺ档
Ĵ𰸺һһһҪ˵ĻϯԨͣһ£Ц۵׸ֳҵĴƾúÿ˳⻬ĳƯ۾
ⲻ̫˵ܻЩĮ
֪ҡ
֪ƳϯԨĻʲô뷨ֻܼԽԽϤųһֻǰġ˵Ĳϣάô
üһǻش⣬ǽڹ۹ǰס
ܼоԼѾ࣬˿ԵĻЩϯԨɱεĴƳ棬ϯԨ̫ƭˡ
ܼ
С㡣ܼüñע⵽
ϴ򿪵ֱ䣬˵Ȼ⿴ԨֱûԨ˲ٰ
ѹǴƳܵܶϰԨˡ
һ
˵һԼһȤȱȱûʲô˼
ܼͷ𣬹˲ȥֱϯԨ˵ʲôʵ˵㲻ڻ᳡ʲô
Ϊ⣿
ҪǰԨûҲءƣЩ²
ֲǲֻ֪̽ǣǱ۸ţҲ˭
ܼǡ
ʱֱеԼݡ
㣬ȻԶһ㡣ܼúӳͲٹרĿֱ
ɷõİڣߵոս˿ڵȴϯԨĻش
ԡ۳汣Ҫ޸ĵľôֻ֧Ƿԡ
⻹ʴˣⶫôԼ뿴
۳汣ûдڵıҪͳЩ۳ϵµĲͶƢԣȫûбıҪ
÷׼ĻشУϯԨǻҪԼĿʾ̬ȡ
Լ˵ôҲģƵԼϡ
ҵ̬ģɣ۹Ȩײ۳Ϊ˱Լ治֧޸ģЩԼĴƳҲܾ
뷨۳治ȫҲǴ
ϯԨûձ˵÷Ļش
۳汣ƶ֮Ϊ˱ϡ١۳ڣڼҲҪǹô꣬ɷǷʺڵĵ۹񡭡
˵пϣƺƫУĻ㹻һЩȥˡ
ϯԨһֱûԼ壬ǺһֱŻص򣬶ڳ಻ͻε۳߹Ƴͼ󣬻϶ȡӶ̬ȡ
ԭȲȥΪûҪҲûȥıƶȵ
ȴһ
ЩزʶĴƳϣҲϣάϯǵϡ
ټСӳǸƳ̣ǲԼĺӽҲҪܱ۳ӣԼ۳Ķ⣿
ᱻݵԼϣԼܸʲôʹϣάûҪԼæ
Ľ
ܼͬĳĬĿɿڴ
ͰԨȽϤ֪ԨһĶԼͶעʲô
ΪԼ۸Щ޸ķɵĴƳ棬ÿ춼Բ·Զֲ̫עҲЩ˽⡣
ǰԨԼ˵ģǻҵ˼ѹֹ
ܼع񣬿ĻϴݵȻϯԨЦһ˵˭֪ء


135 
治֪˵Ԩ˻ǵù, Щйص±۳Ψֶò죬Ԩ
Ļܼ˳˵Ҳ㲻
ϯԨڵ, ܶ鶼Լܹ, ͺһεֱɷһ
ܼûԼĿģҪϯԨһϯԨú̸̸
ûϯԨϵʽֻϯԨû¸˻ʹ, ƫƫԼҲϯԨ
ϯԨص۹µͨѶ, ̽ķӦʮƽͺûµе̽һ
ԼǲԼ̸һЩл, ܼϢ뷨
ļεϯԨļϵͳ, ϯԨȻû뷨, ԼҲûҪȥðա
˵Ҳǡֹ, ͷҲ֪ȻܼܲԨ
šֱˡ
ܼ˵𣿡
һܼļ, ɻʲô, ôһֱ˵

ڴۼ˲ٳ, Ȼ⶯ĳ浽ġ
ųڵķ俴˿, ˷ˡ
ǰԨˡ
ܼҲȥ, ͼϯԨڶӵ߽
Щ׻ϤİͬĵطݷǷ, ǶŶ۹𵴵Ĵڡ
Ԩܻӭȥ֣һųʱû뷨
ҲûֱӷȻһᡣ
, ӵŵϯԨȫԼܻӭǼ¡
ڳĳ̫, 㰴Ÿߵǰкһ, ҲҪ̵ʱ䡣
ڲг涼ʱǰк, һŸոտʼʱ仹Ųôһ
һѹϯԨڿһЩ
Ϊһδġ췽Ǳ̨˵䡣
վڱ߳ʮ幫ҵĵ̨ϣϯԨϹЦݣŴݵĽ÷׼õݽ˵
̨°ڷһѰӣ˿˱ĳ塣
һδļĿעת˻Ԯ۹ƫԶϵΪƫԶϵͬ쵽ĸλл
ƽȺʹǼʱҲûʧΪƼҲһⳡҲΪƫԶĳ˼¡
ÿһλμĳ嶼óһƷƷΪԼӡƷ䱾ֵȻ̫͡
ͬģĳȥļ۸Ҳ͡
ϯԨ˵꽫ؽרҵԱԼ̨ߵһ÷ߵλ¡
˵Ҳɣλһŵǰƶٹȥһλ·
ʵֹǣղվ̨ϵʱ̨ŵĳвϤףϯĻܼǵ۸ڣվŵĳﻹܼǡ
ܼ̽ǵǲμӵģһεԼȷϵģַǳɡ
ܼԼܷĳܼԼ£Ȼԣõİ취ȻԼһ棬ͳ̽ȫǴˡ
Ҳô˵ϾЩõġ
Լ̽н鲻ܣϿͨӰļ壬ʹԼϵƽԼļƻɶȡⱾҲеһ
һƷɲġŵ˹֮ڡļΪһǱҡ̨ϵĴɵĽš
̨¡
ߵİƶ˵µһγϯĳϣоô
ôģƶȺ͵עЦݺͰ׷ǳơ
հƶͳʵֵܹϵԼϱӵݣŰƶӦóƺһ塣
ףһõܣǱδ򣩡ϯԨĿƲɨһ˵·
ϯԨɲŰƶദ֮ǰϯıȥӴ·ıҪ˵ûаƶƶǲŵġ
м򵥡ƽüëȴ¶ڸڳȱµ
ͰƶϺ򽻵Ǽ鷳£˫˵ǵжԵġȻˣϯԨɲϣԼԷķ
¾ⶥôƶѯš
ǽ̸ᣬûӰ쵽Χŵ档
˿ΪһƷļΪһǱҵŵ˹֮ڽмѾ
۸ڳĳԲʲô˵ŵ˹֮ڡʵʼֵԶ֮ϣԤɽļ۸񲻻ǧ
ʵˣҶЩûʲôоϯԨĨЦ̨ڱչʾľ°뻡ηڡ
ڵ岿ɫ۳ͣ׺һȦϸС꣬Ŀ׺ŵˮ״οձʯ
װƷǴƳǴƻϲģһǧǰһλ͸İƾһôƳĶİ¡
ЩϯԨûϵղʦߴһͨûȥ
ͦƯġտ
صĿðƶһ£ܿعЦſԼ·
·ôϲ𣿡
۸ҲúƯ
ϯԨαϣָϥţü˼ģ
⻰һʣƶ˵ʱԼһۣǵԼӻ뵽ǰ˵Ļ֪Լ̬ȵʱˡ
Լϲϲ··ǷԼкøⶼ⣬ֻҪֳԼƺ׽㹻ˡ
·ϲ͸ɡϯԨ΢ЦʧòĿڡ
˵ڼ䣬м˷ûͣŵ˹֮ڵļ۸Ѿͻǧ
ҪĻǳϯԨģֳ֮պҡ
͵͸ļɡ
ϷѣϯԨԴᳵ졣
ӣɿıһԶڴ˿۵ļ۸
ǧ򡣡
ǻҸԤ㣬ԼǮϯԨν뵽
ֻһѣǲ̫ƷˡƶЦ̣Ȼǰ⵱ʾá
Ҳȷǡʾá
·ϲͺáϯԨЦһ˭ϵӣϷ
ǧûиߵļۣ
Ȼиߵļ۸񣬱ϾϯԨˡ
ʦ˵꾲ĵ룬ûеȵߵĳۺ˵һƷŵ˹֮ɵ£ɽ۸ǧǱҡ
ƶЦ·лл¡
ǣ۸
·Цлݼʵڹأ֪ûл³Զٷıл⡣
ʲôл֮ⲻھƣ
ˣҲһٷ
ϯԨףȻԡ
ֻϣϣάЩдźţҪǳԴ˿ɾѺˡ
ɳԴ׵ϣάһܡɰһʱ仹ԼԾ
ϯԨһ°Ϳſ̨ϵЦݲԾȥֿ˼֡
һĻڰƶоǳ⣬ĵ֮ǰֵôܣڻҪԹԵİԼ뷨ߡ
ϯԨĲͬ÷Ҳע⵽ˣȴͰƶȫһ
۱µ¶·̬ȶӣԼԱ߿ţڿ۱µĵЩˡ
ڼ
ϯԨŵ˹֮ڵƺûʲôעô˭֪ء
һƷ½½ĳȥʮܿ͵һѹƷɻϯԨġ
ܿģһƷĳ
ˣⳡҪֽʽ뵽罻ڡҲζϯԨҪæµ


136 
ͼϯԨĳﲻ, 󲿷۳棬ٲǴƳ档
ΪһԼƻϯԨòõ̬ȥЩ򽻵, һǱָһսۻҪۡ
۳ҲôƳҲ, Щûһٵġ
ʱҲִβʸǰ̸ܾĳ壬϶̸ˡ
Ľ̸ۡϯԨƱһڹľˮ, Ʋ, ڶ÷Թ
ղŽ̸ĶѾ뿪Ҳ±ڷɧ
÷ùеľƱ, ʾⳡеĽʱ䵽˽ԱЩûü˵ϻĳǼ״, ǳʶʱûǰ
˾Ϣһɡ÷΢΢һЦüҲĲ, ʣµĲľͲˡ
ô˵ʣʱҿԼ֧䣿˵͸¶۳ӦеĽ, ·ʵһ汩¶÷ǰ
Ȼ
÷ͷ˵κ¡
ϯԨƲƲνκҲǰ÷, ˵ܼǼ档
确̫ûҪ۾, ֲ뿪ʹ鲻ʱ䡯Ľ, һĻ, ϾҸɽΪʲôֲǡ
Ϊõɺ, ÷û̫ࡪϯԨ罻Ȧô֪Щ۳ϵǼܼ򵥵顣
ϯԨ뿪ʹһΪϯԨйʧٵǰ, ΪϯԨİȫȻжǼӳɷ־ֻ÷֪ˡ
÷æסԼĳ壬ϯԨҪԼͺǵľۻᱻϡ
ߵһȥĹ۾̨ڴ, ŷܼǶѾˡ
۾̨汻Ϊ͸Ĳס, ЩڽĴ, һۿʱ׻Ὣ⴦۾̨¶Ŀ
һ׸ߵ¶۾̨Ĺ۾̨Ĵ, ҲûƳüֻ۳
÷رŵģǳİΣԲ
ϯԨ߽ȥڳصĲᣱ£
Ԩˡ
ǵһģǿйסļ򣬼嶼ҵԼϡ
һΪˡ
ϯԨɨһϵĸ첲ÿء
ûб˵ϰߣţ۳Ҳһ
۾̨мһʮµɳܼͳ̽ɳϣֻиǴƣܼűƻ˻Ρ
Զ޴زǰվŵ棬ȻŸϲվҹ
ˣ˹գ˵
شɳ
һ߳һ˵ȻǾۻᣬȻٲ˳ԳԺȺȣ˿ǰϰڷŸƷʳ
ϯԨûзıɳϣһһԾٱԼкܼ֪ڲ̸µʱ
жʱ䡣
ϴ󣬸̽ڵĸƣǰԴûʲôͬ
ûע⵽̽ǸǴƴԼǴơҪûǴĻǴƺϣάЩϵȻһϵǾȥɡ
Ҳʱ䣬ĲϯԨӹǱƣЦݵĿų̽
̽Լ桢ܼ֮ܣЩõǵ˵ֻ취뿪ˡ
߹һļ
Ťͷȥüͷһƺ͹ȥЩһ
þò˵

Сʱ
һ߳һߺȺȺȵļ۳Ӷˣſɳ㡣
̽һЩչûһ嶼ȥ
ò˵۳ľĲͨľƺȶ˶ͱ˵Щֽŵľˡ
ܼǰԼעƵҩʱʵװѵľ˽˵Ȼñ뿪ϯԨˡ
ٺˡǽַڳ̽Ķͷϡ
ϯԨ˳ˮ˵ҲɢˣҲԼȥǡ
̽ľʱѾʧȥʶˣҸǰѳ̽ߡ
͵¡ԥһ£̽
۾̨ڴԸһƳͳ̽뿪
뿪ϯԨع۾̨ڡ
ܼɫѣﻹиղģ
ˡϯԨųһƬûҵʲôеĶ
ܺã÷ĻȥˣûĲá
Ļܼý˵õûӦ⡣
Ҳιȥˡ
ζǲװˡ
ϯԨ֮λγһΣ벻ԶǻԷĻ
ϯҹǡȿڵܼ
û뵽ϯԻܼйϵϯԨǡָܼԼпǱǸоᡣ
֮ǰϯԿ϶оûȤٲͽȥڵõҶϢ֮ϯԾͲһˡ
ϯôоģ˵ûʲôֵģϯҵֻҪ֪оڣôеǰ취ȥӴ
оһЩʹԵ۳ŪģǸżʽЭᣬ󲿷ֻԱǳ۳档ܱٺãҲһʧġ
Ҳ²£ǺҶйء
濪ڣ˵ܲµ㻹š
ܼһʾ
ֻǣʲôҰæľ˵ɡϯԨŲµǵ⣬ʣǵ㲻ȷȡǻû˵ڵĻ
黹˵ɡ
ܼšһĬˡ
Ҫ˵µĻͱҪоʼ˵𡭡˵ĺϸ
оǹ۳澫ݣһʱ˵һΡ
ʱоû̫ĽչһȻͬΪɹˡ
Ҫ֤Լľȼõ֤
ųһ̣ϯԨ͸֪ľȼѾSȣָоûκεݣҪ˵Ļֻǡֱ
ƳľӰ쵽۳ľǰʵ黹ǽڵʵ˵һ㡣濴Ҳһ
ϯԨ̹ȻĴֱԷһ仰Լйϵ
ѪƳɵҩԴƳƵЧĿǰֻһӣԭѪѲ
ǳɰǧʱ䣬нǿΪԻŴ
νѪָľչֳǿ󡯵ĻƬΣŴʽǳӡһһ󴮵רҵʣԵ˵
ֻڻѱߡ˵ߣǺȥԱȣڻȻٵĿ
ԼѪƳɵҩһΣϯԨʶתָϵָ
õģ֪µĳ治࣬ǲὲͱȥ
ϯԨҡҡͷ˵Ҳġ
ԼѪԴƳõ´ȥˣܸԼ鷳ԳĿǰѵдƳԼѪҲ֪̫ܡ
ǰ˵ˣ侲Ŀڡ
ӦҲ³ˣȻǣǴоһʽס
ܼһ˵ҪһҪԿǿǡ
Һ뷨һƳһ۱Ťܼ֪һ£ϣϯԨΪ˽Ӧ


137 
滹û˵ʽ׵, ϯԨҲµʲôˡ
ԼһоԼ, ˵ǵоɹ
оɹƹȥ
˵ûɡ
΢һ, ǵ˵ͷ
ϯԨ˼˵Ѱ죬Ҳ
۳ľǿܵƳ澫Ӱ£էһǼ, ϸ֪ᴥܶ档
ܵ˵ԴƳӦǼ, Ҳǲ˴Ƴ۳ʱĵλ
ɶ۳˵أ鹫ȥǵĺôûУϾֻҪ۳, ˽¶ԴƳЩʲô¶סɲȱƳ档
Ȼô˵, ʵȷˡ
Ļƺ׼, ֪鲻װ, Բ㡣
׵ϣڱҪʱܹ֧֡
ϯԨû˵Լ𲻴Ӧ˼һ˵ʵ鹫˵Ҳûٺô, ΪʲôִҪء
ûü˵, ܼȿ˿ڡ
ΪֻǵĻ̫, ױΪż, ȻҪо¡
⻰ϯԨЩ, ˵ʵû뵽о۳澹ȻһȺߣҿȥ˼ڻռ˴󲿷֡
˽½ǿǹ, Ƿ뷨
оɹֻǡ
˵ԥһ˵ƶ۹޸ġ۳汣, ȥǺ֮һ
ǰѾ, Գơƽᡯ
Ӧ˵ġ
ƽоϵһ, оֺϯϵ, ⻹иƶάӶ񡭡ҪǶԷҪʻš
۹̶ˮԽԽˡ
˵ԼֻҪڡҪʱ̡֧֣ǿ϶Ե۹̫ȥһЩ£ǹվֱ̨ΪǵƹƱ顣
ȴڴϵĳ⣬۹һ۳ĵλԼߣݱԼ󡭡оԼȷȷѡ
ϯԨ˼ס
ӦԼ棬ȴҲٲҪеաԲƸȨ֮治̫أҪǴӦⳡΪԼļƻٳɹʡ
ô׼ٴΪҴӦⳡ׵ıꡣ
ҲĥߴֱӵڻҵҲЩ˽⣬ǮһıӦûϲʵһЩġ
ڼ䣬ǵ鱨ϿԺ㹲OεȨԶΡܸıϸԿһ
ڳóһ۵κƴСֽŵݸ
ϯԨӹһ£һһȫоν׵ĳģ˸ղ˵⻹вӡ
Щоᰲ֣ǻһȵȣνġԼҪĽǮһ֡
Ҫ۳̸ǮǺһȺ۳̸Ǯ˵ǮľֻǸ֡
ϾֻҪȢֻƳ棬ܻôʼױĺҲֻᷢڳˡ
ϯԨ󣬽ֽ۵һС״ַ̧̬ŽԼװڳĵĿڴ
ҴӦˡ
濴ľٶ֪ɹһˣ𸴺¶һЦݣһɡ
졣ҲȷϯԨٲõϯԨվЩǱˡ
ǿ̸ˡ̱ɳϵֱܼ˸һ½ǣ棬ǲǿˡ
ҪӦһ䡰ȵȡ
˵ԥϫϯԨĻܼʶ
ϯҹǵ£֪ϸݡϯԨ̩Ȼ˵
üͷϯԨ֪Ҳʲôܸ£˾
ԡ
˵ҶݾͿ϶֪ЧĿǰҶݵоոտչʱûʲôõķ֡
һԿ϶۳Ҷ֭ı׶˷ǳرǽйŻҶĸꡣ
Ծ÷ǳǿܹʹô겢ҲѡӴӦǺܾǰʶ۳ھ
ϯԽӴоᣬΪҶݵо漰ĳϯԲ֪˭
Ҷڵ۹ʹʷǳ϶µƹ㵽۹ĸ򡭡Ҫ˵ûǲܵģϯԨ˵ǰûκⷽĴš
ȥʲôصĺܹڳܡ
ҪоһĪ˹ҲнӴڸϯԨʱ˵ķǳϸ
ǵĽ׸ոմɣԺ֮ϯԨ⣬ܷܲܵĻش𼸾ˡ
ܼǺϯԨӴʱ䳤֪ϯԨûбϱֵô򵥡
ϯԨûôúŪ
۾̨ڵĲƿĶվĴƳ棬ϯԨڣڲϯԨߵﶼŵıڡ
ڿ߳ϯԨǰصӳƿ
£
ǰٴһĴƳ棬ϯԨʶĳ˳顣
֣óλá
ܼм䣬ǿȵĽûʶߡ
Ƴ濴һĻˣžվһԵĵ˵ǰɡ
ǡܵ˵ʲôǶҪӡ
桢ܼһۣϽ˦ֹĴƳ档Ҳ֪ôôأ˼о
ˡ
÷ں͸۳潻̸ϯԨ̾ͽ̸ڵλ˹
λˣ
þò̫˾ͺȶˡϯԨָڶǣһʤģ
ɢŵھƵ˶Ļ֡
ܼˣ˵Ҳûȶ٣ľ̫ˡϧ糺죬˵Ļûʲô˵
λ£ǻԼȥô費Ҫɡ
ãǴ˾Ͳ鷳ˡ¶һЦݣ˫͸žɡ
÷ǵģҲҾߣƳǲġ
ȵֻʣϯԨ÷£ô
ҪһЩߡϯԨ˰־ܾ÷֣˵ô
ˡ
Ǿ߰ɣЩˡ
ķԸ

ڲǰһ߽һߵ㿪š
#̫Ӵŵ˹֮#
ϯԨйأô˽ȥȻڶ̶ʮʱɫ仯ˣһ¸նˡ
ɶ񣬾֪۳ûһö
Ǻϣάι˹뵽Լųϣάͺ޵
Уô
ҪʲôЩ岻ϣάϯԨɲֹϲô򵥡һԼˣֶĿŶҲߡ
ˣôǣⳡǲҲȥˡ
ʸȻô
ġԼһҪϣάϯԨĿԼϯԨⱲӶϣάСӡ
Ǹһģڣǣ˰ɡ
ĥĥͶ˲ϳԾͼĸǷϢҪʸ
һߡ
ϴƸʹƸԼʱϣάܺãõϵҲûӰ쵽
ϣά֮ǰյһ簲Ϣ滹һͼƬ
ͼƬһֻŰ״ɱֻ֣ϵĽָϵһģһ
֪ܲΪʲôġ簲һͼƬϣάڿͼƬʱǡ
ֱţϣά׹ͼƬʲô˼
ͳȥŵ˹֮ڣȻǹȥĳŵһЩ㣬ϣά̲סЦͲԼô


138 
Ǹӵʱɻ, ֪ͻȻԼΪʲôպҲҪ
ͨѶͨ˼ûӪķϻ, ȻŽ⡣
ͻȻϣάǲٴʲô⡣һ˵ԼĿ, ;ͱøɴ
ܴʲô⣬ֻϣάȥƸǸϿʲô
ⲻô
Цһ˫ڲ輸΢̧°͵Ǹ, Ƕʶ, Ҳ֪ʲôٻܿһЩ
ǲϣά
ĻǸεࡣ
Ǹû˵
һ, Ƶ׷ϣάôҲĵ, 㲻ȥһЩ˺, ǲǡ
ǸĻ, ջûУǰ˵Ѻ׻ᱻ
𶨶ĿǸ, ûзĴ㡣
ȷеһ, ǾǸͱضִС˭֪Ǹƻ¶ϣά˺ж, ĳ̶ֳ˵, ǸΪ˴ﵽĿĿԲֶεġ
ǸΪʲô˵, ˵ҪҶ
ƽڱһ䡮ҽƽںҽѧоմߵڹ, ֮ǰڰࡣ
ȨޡλֻǸ֮¡
Ǹ񱻿Щ֪ͣ𲻴ĿĲ, 
ԭеϸ¼ƻڿһ̱Ʒ, Ȼ¹滮
, Ǹ񲻽жɻ, ӦôͲµ£ϣάǱ߷ʲôԱ³ô
Ϊһ仰͸ıƻǽȥļƻҪ𡭡Ϊϣάн٣ôʱֻɸõӰ졣
Ҳ˺ϣά
и̣˵ĺ
ʲô
Ǹ˵ϣάǣֻΪҪ
˵ֵϣάһ뿪ǡʧ١ϣάݱҪʱֻǴܴȥŵҲҪ
Ү˹ֱϵֻʣϣάŵҲŵʲô֪ϣάȥŵ
üͷ㻹ûз
ûС
ҷǳȷǸ˵ʵġǸһ־ڱصõЦݣ˵еҲˣ֮һҪȥ
˵ɡ
𲢲⣬ϾԼʱǴţ˰мжʲôû
оᣬ֯ӡûС
˼һ󣬻ش˵ǲȺ۳ŪĹҼ֯
ƽԵ۹ϵûɹӣϵķ紵ݶ鱨ѼΧڣ۳Ū֯ȻأҲһûС
۳Ūżݵ֯ҪǺйе⣬Լӡ󶼲С
ǸͻȻѵ˵
̫Сˣ֯ûô򵥡
ǰ鵽鱨ӦǷųǸ˵ʵǿԵķΧֻһƬӵеܹԴȴ١
۹ԼƳǶ۳ж簮Ǹ涼֪
֯ĳԱȫ۳棬ⱾʹһϡٵġԴ
ǺǺˡ
һ£ȻôͻȻˣ
ߺйص鱨㿴Ժȥַһһо
оǺҪҾûȥĿܡ
Ǹ˦ĵַãȻַôȥ΢е죿Ǹϴ¾ԼúҪ͵
ˣε̸͵
仰æعǸҪͨĶ
ȵȡ
һһҪ˵
ϣάָݣпǹϯԨ֮ô
ûһš
ϯԨڵݺǰͬնǸԸ϶һ㡣
ϣά˵Ҳ£ԼҵһǸ޷ԵϣάصϯԨߡΨһЩֵľǲ֪Ǹʲôʱϣάָݡ
뵽ϣάڵЩͷʹ
ʱϲϵ̫ãȻСӵĴھҪ¶ˡ
УҪϣά͵ϯԨߣȻǸ֪СӵĴ˭֪᲻Сӵ֮һ
ҵ뷨ûıʺϣάǸû뵽ô̵ʱô࣬Ҫڡɱˡ
ϯԨԼһִӵ۳棬ϣά̫أǸ񵱳Ū
ǳ˳飬ɱ۹µ۹ԲϢǸȻԼǶǷ뷨
Ǻ͵۹֮ĲĺǻڡȶĻϣҪɵϯԨҲ̸ˡ
ֻ⻰˵ˣɼǸϯԨķǳ
װ˵ϯԨϲϣάҲУҲǸأ
ⲻҪ
ðɣ˵ЩǲҪ
ҪϣάϯԨôģǲǻϯԨô
ǸüͷһֱûɿԺɫһ˲ζû˵
״֪Ҳܾᣬǵʲôʱϣάָô
˳Ļһ¡Ǹһʱ䣬۹ڵľʱάֵƽǳһ˾ܴݻ٣ϣάĳֻӲ롣
߾вٽ켶ĴƳ涼ϣάϣάҪϣάΪϯԨϵݣڸҪָݡ
ڿһֱϯԨܲ˳۵ǸУһжϯԨĴ
һϲһµʱ䲻ɲռ仹Ǻܴġ
ûб¶ŵ˵Ȼ¾ͽҰɡ
㣿Ǹû̴Ӧ
ţϣԾͽ۲졣˫ֻأ˵ǽһɣҪϣάϯԨʲôҿ԰æѿڡ
ϣάСʲô㶼᲻Ǹʾǿһɡ
Դǵ˵ҶΪϣάãϯԨֽ϶󹬵۳䲻ϣά
ǸȻϣάȴûûл仰ϣϣάĲá
ϯԨһΪϯԨ˰߰Ӽûһ˿㡣ΪϯԨȥڶȢϣάƾΪϣάĳȻϣϣά̡
ҪߴƳĵλ۹һܴǲĶġ
ڵҲĴƳѾˣ޸ǻҲĴƳ棿۹ǾԲġ

Ǹ̸ľ»ȫʤǸջɿˡ
Ǿͽˡ
ͨϣάһϢ
ܿ͵õ˻ظ
ںʹƸԷôţǾ͵ȻٸϢɡЦеĹصԡ
Ǹ֮ǰȥѼ鱨ǣ֪ϴ﷢£ϯԨ·άԼŵ˹֮ڡ֮Ĺȫһ
ҲںǸʱرᵽϣάһϣάԭ
һߡ
һλڽĶȼٱС
ϣάƸ죬ҪΧҮ˹Լչ
Ϊñģάӡ
ĴƸŵڿһǴӺʢ۵ϵõʢĺӣһǴǺϵõǿŴ塣


139 
Ү˹Ժ, Ƕǹȥˣ嶼ûٳ֪
Ү˹ֱϵĳھ˲ϵıΧ˺󣬴󲿷ֶȥ, ˻Ҳұ¶Լݡ
ѪǴഫ, Ү˹ı־ֻᵮҮ˹ֱϵѪС
ϣά游ǵҮ˹ĳӣҮ˹µʱЯҮ˹ĺƷ뿪, одŵֱŵ͸ϣάö¡
ϵǶԵ, ӦñڼıУʢκб, ŵ˵ʢŵ
ʵ˵ʵҲ̫, Ǹϵĵ׹
ǳʹɫ֯һε׹ŵ, ɫ鲿ֱֲɫֻǽ, һ龧ƴϣЩĴȷǳĸ, Ҳǵıʯ
Ƹ, Ҳûͷôϣάʡ
õֺ󲻾, ö׹, Ҳ֪Ǽֶβ, ֻɨö׹ɷ֣ûа취ɨ赽
ŵ׹ŵöԱ, ʣ񡣡
ϣάһ㶣ϸڷǰ
öĺˡŵƶ
ĺˡһϣά졣
ƸôᡭͷСľ, ͸Ʒ
Ƴпܻ۳һĺ, ûйɿ, һӲҪǸôƳľA, ̫ӵĲٿصȼҪϡ
ҼƳ۳ĺˣһ㶼񡣡߾ĴƳ治ɴƳ۳ĺϣάҲûм
Щĺ˶ܺǰһȣڵĴ͸Щĺ˶ǰ͸ġһЩŻǵɫʡ
ҴƸһĺǺϵģĺô⡣
ʱǺٷ˵̺˴Ĵˮʯ̵Ʒʱں׷ݵǰǼ˳ʱڣͳһλйϵ
ŵ˼һ˵Ҳ⣬ӹɣȷĺˡ
ϣάڹȥһЩҮ˹йص£Ҳûж㡣
ҴҵĴƸ游һ¡
ŵûнҮ˹Ϸϣô꣬ѾŵļĹҲࡣ
Ҳϣά׷ѰҮ˹ĹȥʱȻܾϾûʲôġ
£
ţһͨЩĹ¡ŵעǿɫľ壬˵ڼ֮ǰһֱΪֻһ¡
ǸǴӺܾúܾǰոǼʼվȽŸĴģŲϽš׻ŵʱġ
Ү˹ĴʼߣҲױµĳڳսΪ˾ܹһαˣӶ۳һĺ
˵Ƴĺ۵ģһʵȫԣȷ˵ĺ۵ʱƳ滹ûȥ
ϣάɵʣԴƸĺǹµһţ
̹˵Ǽһž壬Ҳ뷨ŵָھмһɫϡ
͹ĺ񡣡
ĺ⣬ǹһöôʲôء
ŵ̾˿˸˵ϣάλʦҲǼ¡
Ƹʦ뷨ǶԵġ
һԼʹƸ̸ܶΣֻÿһζֵĲɢϣάϣһҲ
ǲ̸ô
ϣάǰƷƸĻģģһ뷨ôҪٺú롣
ŵ֪ܲʲôüͷЩΣ㲻˵Ͳ˵ɡ
ϯԨô졣
ˡ
ϣά⣬˿ĸо
ʧٺңοҲҪģ˵һû¡ŵǳ࣬Ҫ֪Ǻϣά
ϯԨ֮ǰķǲһЩЩŸҥ
ϯԨϣάġŵƸЩΡ
£ô붼ϣάĲáϣάʱ򣬱㲻ɵվϯԨǱߡ
õ˵ҪͲҪˣĳ̡ԼŵЩۡ
ϯ˵ں㣬뿪ѻôǩ֤
ΪϯԨûǩϣάڵ۹ĵϢбעǡʧ١ǡ
Ҫ֪ΪЩô롣
ԴƸĿߣϣάһ
ˣԭûߴƸСӻڵôаԨ֪ԼҲû˵
ϣάſڣЩĴϴƸĻҺͰԨϵģ֪ҵ£СҲû¡
ŵǣһʱԼ˵ʲô˺ðε֪
֪
ʲôӦŵǵʡ
۳涼ܲ˴Ƴ桮Լ£ϯԨڿɲǰϯƳߵ۳ˡҪϣάֿĻϯҺ˹ͼؼҶֹˡ
ϣά̲ס֧ҡ
֧㣿ŵ𾪣Լˡ
۹ƽ֮ĶԹ˵춼˵꣬ǰڰзչʼ棬ϻҶƽ̬һֱģɰ޲ɱ֮졣
ϯԨĳڵĵλվһߣϣάȴ˵ϯԨվһߣôܲŵ㵡
´Ƹţϣά϶˵ģƸ
ԴƸõǡ
һֱϵô
ŵ鸴ӣеЩȴʧϯԨ֧ϣάҲǼ¡ֻԼû뵽
š
СҲû£ŵʡ
û£ܽ
ǡ֮дô۸˵ϯԨͰƶµĴߵĺ֮ܽ䡭
ĳŵ
ϣάҡҡͷն˵һҪ£Ҳһ
ܶ²ֻ棬⻹ǴƸҵġ
ߵĳĵĶͬһ£һ㶼żǸԼ
ȥȷϵʱ˫ԼΡûȷе֤֤ϯԨԼѡƳ£Բȷֵһ
ŵעԼĴӣһӵ
ȥΪԵ°ɡ
۳ܲһô

º
£óˣȻóٵˡ
ϯԨļıüģĵǲͣ÷Ļȴܾܾ
֪ˡ
÷ó鲻̫ãԥ˼룬ջûѻ˵
ҲΪˣ·²Ȥȴڰƶܾܾ
Ҫ˵ÿæҹϢȴòΪһ븰Լ룬Ƶԭճ̰š
ϯԨڳϣ÷Ϣһ쵽˽ҡ
÷ͷӦһǡ
ϯԨֻǱĿһû˯š
﷢˺ܶ£͹ǵˮٽһ۹ı仯ȹȥ¶ࡣ
ǳǸתͣݡ
Ϥʺͳ۽̵ԼĻ֮Ϳʼշתڸ罻ύԼõ
ӣһڲŽ
ڼλȨ߲Ӵ˸飬ȻͿʼĿԵɸѡԼᣬЩûüֲֵǱϯģһ÷ҽƵ
ҪԼͳʵԼͱ쵶ն飬ֻûзӦǰֲãĸһֲܴԼľ档
ⳡͷϷ
μ棬ԼҲ档
ֻҪԼȥļƻܹ˳ɣίߵϷͿԺԼ˵ټˣôһ뻹ͦĵġ
ϾĲЩҪӦ鹤齻Ǳƻ顢˵߻顪ֻһ·
ԼֺʵĲԿƣҪԴ
ڳָϻ𽥻̸ָϹ¾սȴҲƵϯԨԵλصİƶ·ʱСκεĵġ
֪ǱߵоеôҲû鱨нӦû⡣
ǱҲûʲô⣬ʱһˡ


140 
ϯԨ, ڳгĿⶼϡ
ⳡῴȥ͹ȥμӹûʲôͬϯԨ֪ⳡ᲻һõϢ׼ȷ, ôƶ϶ⳡϹһ¡
, ͵ˡ
ƶȻǰԼ˵ڶԷߵ·
һνĺѹ󣬰ƶ˸뿪ȴ·, Ի·д
ֽõĿ, ҪһԼ·Ӵ顱ܽԼ£ȥ
ϯԨЦ, ״еȴֳܱ, ʱߵ·ͻȻ˵Ǹ
ͻĵǸϯԨ΢΢һ, ع, ЦʣΪʲôͻȻǸ
֪æ֪֮Լճ̰ţ˷ʱ䡣
, ϯԨűӵĦһ¡
ԭԷҲһô, Ϊ·һоûС
ֻǼȻ֪ÿζ˷Լʱ, ΪʲôҪԼԼϯԨȻô, ʵ, ·Ļľ͸Լˡ
ϾҪͰƶùϵ, öԷԼģûбȹ̵Ľ÷ʽ
μһʱ仹еġϯԨ΢΢һЦûԼڰݵǸƢ㲻Ļʴ
ο۸, ôܲء
·ֹ
ϯԨüͷ, оЩԾ
ϲ𣿡·Ȼ
ôô, ·ĴƳĸ۳᲻ϲءűӵһ, Ͽκζߡ
ϯԨǼǵ·Դӳ֣֪ж۳뵹׷صԲ·ڳǷǳǳټġ
ҼǵиϲĴ̣˹ͼؼҵİɣ
ǰϯĸº۸Ҽ棬ȻˣʵûȤ˵Ķô
·Ŀƽ˵ĻȴϯԨЦһ
ôö˶˵ϣάˣ·˵ʲôڰʾԼʲôᡣ
ϯԨЩ²⡣
Ҳ֪ƺЩ̾Ϣ㵽ΪֹĿռ䡣
·Ǽ˽ģô˵Ҳû룬ֱ˵ǲΪˣԸıˡ
ϯԨһͷˮ֪·ʲô
Ȼ̸Ҫġ
˵ء治ɫ̽
·Ŀһ˿ģȻܿʧˣûӹϯԨ۾
ദ·Ը˵ȫ͸Ҳ˸߰˷֣΢һ֪·ôԼˡ
۸ܿġ·Լ۸ڵķ˵½ⳡΪʲôô嵽
ΪʲôϯԨ״Ʋѯʡ
ͻ֪ˡ·˵Ͳٿڡ
ʱ
һصڣ˵ע˹ȥ
ӭμӽᣬһϢҪʹҷ
ƶŻͲЦϲ˵ϢӦҵֳģ廹ûָֻˡ
ϯԨ֪ԼһֱڵȵͷϷˣһԵ·Ȼ
ѹָղŻᵽϣάЩ⣬·֪۸ʲôԲҪԼ
ϧǲ·ʾԼǳʲôԭ򣬽Ϸ볪ȥΪƶеǣûѡȨ
ҵֳҲǱ¶˵ϣҵĴ·޸̫ӵƾ
ദĲҶּɣ̲סȹϢĻѶϢҿԹעš
ϯԨУƶĻͼذ
ûӳϢĿǰʺͰƶƽ°ӿĹϵԼȢϵĴƳ棬ԼȢ·
Ĳ˵ֻ˵жͰƶš岻Ĺϵ㹻óʶ԰ƶˡ
ƶն࣬Ҫַʽơ顱³Ϊʵ֮ǰѾ֪ˡ
ϯԨǰƶȻûҧ¡
ʱƶ֡
۸ڽǡ·˵ţʾһȥ
ĹϣֻҪͰƶ˺ͱ˳ӶԷ˼ܵöԷ²̨
ϯԨϻȻšϢûȫʧľ죬ǸղƶϢʱ¶ġʵϸʵ
Ϊʲôû۸˵¡ϯԨƺΪ۸ûһ㲻ʡ
˵ֻһƺѣݵñŻᱻţԼƭôȥƭ档
·ûлشüͷ
·סƢûı֡
ϯԨǸ·ˣȻһڹϲ̨ܴҵףϸ֮¾ͻᷢЦЩǿ
̨µ÷ľսһҷ¡
ĺµ»ᵱӣûãάסӦе̬ûеסҲס˻ҵӡ

ɢ֮ʣ÷Ȱ˵£侲
ҿȥ侲ôƫͷһ÷䵭
÷̾Լλ´󲿷ʱ򶼺ܺ˵ָûµߵ
˵ʱñΪ˿̵ĵ·ǳǳźһСľͻᱻ
һǳ۱µĽһǵ£÷ԼҲȫҪͻȻµ¡
ϯԨ÷ʲôֱӵҪƶȥš
ǡ֪²Ҫ÷ԼĻЩĵ
ЩڵߵĶԼܶҲûԼ÷¸ûֳô򵥡
ֻΪ۵šʼ٣Ȼ͵վһҲֻû
÷û뿪̫ãܿͻˡ
ĵص㰲һڣϯԨͰƶǸǵ÷·
ƶ壬ܽһ¸ղŹĻԼôһôû۸˵ϯԨ򴽺ܲ˵˵
ƶĻ˵ҿ·ദĺܺãҲʱ
ѾˣÿȢƾˡ
·û뵽ϯԨ۸£Щ죬˵ʵղſϯԨ̨ϻЦóģΪϯԨᷴԼ
ԭϯԨȻ򣬹װɵ㶵дƾ˰
˵ڵһ̣һ˲סˡ
ƶЦݽסʧ˵ʲô
ҵĴƾϣά˹ͼأ·Ҳģ֪ôûյı仯ᵽϣάϵĲʧתȾ˼˿Ц⡣
÷ʹվűֻԼڣЩĻô
Ϊʲô˵ϣά˹ͼǴƾԷ㻹ҲǸ̰ɡ
ôܡƶţЩ˹ͼؼҵĴƳ棬֪Ĵ̲ô
һ֪
ƶҪ˵ȥͱϯԨˡ
ҵĴƾϯԨһ飬Լ˵Ĵ̼ƶֵ߸ǰҾͺϣάڻǼǴעˣ˵ҵĴƾ
ƶҭһϲֻоԼѪӿֱԣǰһڲιȥ
·ϯԨĻסˣû뵽ϯԨֱ۸Ҷ졣Ȼͷ۸ԣžæǰס
۸ô費Ҫҽмͥҽ


141 
áƶϾܾ
ûȥ̫áϯԨ״ǰһĵ, ·֪ԼѶԷġ
ĻͻϽͲ࣬ԭһЩİƶĻ
Ҫ
·ҳȥ
ƶ˵, 뿪÷ڻ
ϯԨϹе, Ҳߡ
÷ǡ
ϯԨ֪ƶֻһʱģȰƶعһԼ鷳
һζûɹһΣ, ֻϣһαԼĿĹȥ
صʹ
ϯԨ뿪ǰûļ̾, ȴѾһļ۳ûйҺУȻԼһ۳, ôԿҲӦõġ
÷һĻ˾ռ, ĻʹӶһݵĺĿȺ, Ű뿪
ϯԨļٶȺܿ, ļ洫ı棬ٲǺ۳ż㡣
۳ʹƳյһ, ܺܲô˵, Ҫ۳ҲһǴ, Դ󡢰ȵȵ۳ﻹѵ۳档
ҪȹԼĵλͱҪȡЩ۳֧, ǱʹһӴļ, ǵĴƾȫλȨܹӰ쵽ļƻɹ
۳治ִܲƳĹݣ߷ֶʲôﶼá
۹ҵĴ˭ܼ̳ܲнĳλڹ۳ֵ֮ܲһ, Ӱ쵽Ǽ˥
ֻ͸¶ϲ·˼һ۳ԲԭټһЩ޵󵼣硪ҪȢĴ̻ӸĴѡ, вٹ忿£
Ƶֶλкܶ, ϯԨһһо١
ļ, ϯԨһ׼Ϣˡ
Ȼ, ˯ǰûǸһϢԼõİš
ǸŴԽһˡ

ʵ˯ĽȻѣϵĹš
Ͻġ
ڿ巢һʱ˹ϽԴӰԼŵͺԼһ绹ԼתϢ
Ϣ˿ʵҽյĴţʱˣûоô
Щᡣ
Ͻƶļƻֻ֪ţִвֻϽ֪Ͻ˵Ҫһͱ
ԴϽԼֵԼû𼸻أżҶԷʱǡôʵ̣ûֻһȭǽ۶۲
Ƴ̫ˣļǿalphaӰ
ҪٵȵȣҲ쵽Ϣʱˣ˿ʱվſڵһ
һȾǰСʱ
ʵҵŴ򿪣Ű״ӷ۳űһƣ߳
Ī˹ӭײſڵĽЩôҲ˵˵ô
ûüͣʵ˵һ䡣
ȵңʲôϵ
ԣô£ڵҽǳ˳飬վмΡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôĪ˹ĹϵܶӣҲǡоҪԷǿǵǿסŭ𣬲Ȼ˳ɼҪ
ǼĳֻƳ춾ĺڵģȫûĪ˹۳濴ݺݵˢһԴƳĿԭҲдƳ涼۳ôֺá
ǡĪ˹üͷ΢һ˵ٵ
ЦһǣԽ˵ǲҡ
ǡֱ̧˸ơ
ƣһ䣺ߣȥҷ˵
䡣
ڸϽִ۶ϯûãϽͳסڳĻʹԼͷΪӶʵıڲܸϽһȥ
Ͻʾ´ϯҰ˳ȥϯԵİ»ǵľס֤ûǲȥ
뿪ϯҺûкϽٽϵ
û˺ϽĹϵûгעǡҪġ
ͷһססȺϽȻûǾյԼǽһҽԺȻ󰵵ӴҽԺԺĪ˹
ͬʱҲ֪ϽĪ˹ǺϵĴھϽߣԼҪעˡϱ
αװҽԺĽΪϽԭ˸߼ڣרŸо¥İҲϰһһϰ
ʱĳܻҡ
ʱĪ˹ѾˣΪƳһţǼƾǸ˵һ̧Ī˹š
Ī˹ȻԼ۳в𣬵Ҳֻǿͷ˵˵ЩͶ
һЩ㱨״ĽҲûͰдȥϾĽɫʮֵĿɣдŹ
ûþյϽĻظ˳㽫Ϣ˸ɾƽڵĸ߲㡣
֮⻹ӵˣϽϵʽת
Žطʣ˵ʲô
Խһƻˡ
ô죬Ǳ߽չ˳Цһ˼һû⣬Űɡ
ţһʵʱϣά͹ȥġ
ѾǸյʲô֪Ǹˣ³Ǹ죬ЩϽδ֡
ѹϽϤԭϽδйϵòƻͦϤġ
Խû˵ʲôϯԨֵµһˡͲӱɵûʲôҪرע⡣
ҪֱӺϯԨзգҲ͸š
ˡ̬Ⱦӡ
Ĭ뿪ûϽԼ֪ͨ⣬һԼȥ
ûҪ˵Ǻûϵ
˼һ£˯Ѻϣάϣά˳顣
Ƴڵһ£¡𣬽ǰµı仯һС
ʱĴƳ۳Ҳǳܣοϣά
뵽ԼϯԨָĽס˵ǺȻ˾ϸһȻе㲻ˬء
ΪϣάãϣάȥϯԨ߲Ž⣬ǸǱ߻鷳㡣
һϣάصϯԨع⹫Ǹ϶µԼһ£ʱٲҪһܡ
Ҳֹһô򵥣Ǹģ֮ʲôпܡ
ڶ峿
ϯԨһһϵͷţǲԼ·
ǡƽ壬
ùͺ÷֡
Ҹôͣܲ˵۹ءϯԨȻʣȫʲô
ϰƶƵϢ˲ٵ鷳ʹԤϲ׼ӦԷɴǻо졣
÷Լܻشô
£Ѿоô÷ؾ˵
ϰĿιȥĲôˣôͣôͶû취ɡ
ϯԨЦЦ÷Ļشûп϶Ҳûз񶨡
ڽǰҪȥһʱ¡ɵ˵ţ̫𾴡
÷ֻԼģȫԼˣʲô
涼˵̫ӵ׽ңֻһֻڵߵ÷֪λ¶еġ۳桱ƸĳƺȫǷ곡Ϸ
ϯԨȥʣԼġ
ʵԲʣֱӷͰƶġϢǸᣬԵάڵġܡ


142 
ϯԨǿôȻǡ
ҪΪ, ¡Ϊǿܵ£ͲɵҲ¡
Ŀǰ֪Լͳ֮ĳ˳ʡۺ, ϯĺ÷֪ǺԼһ, ǲὫ˵ȥ
ԴˣϯԨܷġ
˵ȥҲûϵùķ
ϯԨǰ, ÷, һڳʵǰֹ
ȥ÷Źϵķ̾˿
ȵ³, ۹ϲ㽫ӭһµķ籩, ⳡ籩ҪԭϰƶϢ
Ϊ, ۹ý嶼ڿ񻶡
ýΪʲô֪¡ȼ᲻ýýȥ, һ˵۹ͷֵķзǰƶֱʡ
÷»Գʱ˵ʲô, ϵ¶԰ƶ˵Ļп֪µ̬ȷǳļ, ʹŰƶҲûһ˿
ʮа/Ϊˡ顯¡
ƶĴעҪ, ڵǿҷԵ±²ͬⰣƶ⡣ֻ߱±Ͳͬ, ²˳ƶΪ
λµ˼̫, ÷͸֮Ĵ㣬ѵΪ˹ͼؼҵĴƳ治ɣ, ûô򵥣һԭ
ڡ
ϯԨͳ֮û÷ôţһ, ջͦгġ
洫˵岡ֻܹڴϵĳ, ʱڻ˵Ż, ̬д, ɫȥЩδѰдϵһ
û뵽ƶôͲסӣżַ̽ҡ
Ϊʣ¼ӳϻ³ĹⲢûë˿ϯԨǰԵʮֵ͡
ϯԨӣƵҲż˵Լ⣬ͳ̸̸ʱ̸ƶͷϡ
ǲܵġ
ŶӦҲкôôԸӽ߻ȡΡ¼ЦĿ̬׺͵İԼӿ
ϯԨÿͻһγʣ˵ΪֺóʲһТ˳ģʵ϶԰¼ӵơ
ľȷ¼еĶаƽ¼ǲ۳Ŀ񱩾ܾĥİ¼µ𽥺ת
ʹʱ٣¼ӵľҲͺࡣ
¼жʱ̫ãڵЧҲܿٻָټϯԨı׼ĳЩףűȺתʡ
ϯԨƵһӵûнӻ
¼ӼΪģ˵ѵ˵Ĳԣ
˵ĺܶԣĿкַܶΪʲôѡԼһءϯԨüڳǰԼûҪαװ
ģ¼㶡
ѵģֻҪ·Ķ󣬰¼Ӷ϶ô
ȻǡϯԨشûһ˿ԥɫ£йһξ͹ˡ
¼Ļ󣬲ŷԼ뷨˵˳
ҲΣϯԨ仰ЩȤ˵ʲôʱɫࣿ
ϯԨޱصô
͵ĺģô
СϯԨܾĺܼ
ƾʲôԼĺʷȥ㰣¼ӵĺģԼѵǻ׵ô
㻹ҪҪ¡
ȻҪ¼֪ĲԸ˵ֻϢͷع鵽ϡ
ܾô˵϶Ѿİ취ˣ˵ɡ
˵ҾͰ뷨ȥܣ͵ùԹҵġ¼ϵЦû䣬ȴ˲٣Ȼ仰ںЦ
ϯԨһ㶼ûŵ˼һӣԼļƻ
̵Ǳȡ鱨ѡ԰ƶ׻˵ĺõ˵ĵ˾ѣǶԴƶһ»ܸȤ
ƶͺ̻ߵĺܽǶ۳еıɣڸĸһ·ǳǳԡͷΪ׵ľǰƶָ֧µжд̵Ĵڡ
ɵ͸ɵĹϵеƽ뻹ϣάˣԼվһȫҪǡ
¼Ӷڸ²µûʲô뷨ô䣬۳ĵλܵвΪѹҪһ㡣ĬϯԨֶĬΪɳ
ֱӺͰƶϣ뷨ܴ󵨡¼ļƻ۵˵ļƻȥеܴա
ϯԨšһ˵պǶԵȵġ
ԽķζԽ棬ǵĳ㶼ϣܿЩ۹⡣ƶڵе۳ǳ࣬ǵ۹ƹ塣
һɺбҪͬʱҲЩƳת֧ǡ
Ű¼Ц˵ҪûǴĻЩƳ涼ھռ˲͵λá
ϯԨ֪ڳԶĹȥзʲô۳汻Ƴϳξֱڶ᳹šƳ׬Ǯң۳ڼò绨ǮˮƯСǴơּ
Ҵ󲿷ֵ۳ԴУƳҲԹԡ
ҲΪĴڣ˵һ䣬۳濴ʲôȴûܹԼʵǳҲһ
塢ľǽĵ۹ȨΪʵİ¼ȴûһԼƳ׷ֺáڼ˳۳棬ȴ⳼۳档
ϯԨ֪¼Ѿܹˣ֪޾¶ʮеĲȫ˳ܾԼջ
ԭӦġ
ӭȢΪ˹Ҳڵĳۺɳ۵ػʵΡλõĴƳһ۹ȨƵļ壬ŵ۹ʵʵľȫܹʤΡ
ϧ˹ٳûʣ۳㣬ļܲǽµ뷨
¼ӵȷĶһ˿ǡ
ǴƳ档
֮ΪƳǲЧԼЩվڰƶĹһڵ۹λϵ۳˭Ǹں
⡣ϯԨɳϣһ֧°ͣʾڣǻԸġ
׳дƳսŷĲνԱ𣬶ʵϡ
ⷽ棬ԼзȨġ
¼ӿһʱûӦ˼ҲָܿʲôȻʵȷóϷ
۳ݼڳҲжֵʵѾóϷˣ㲻ĳʣҲܴϵ֪ϯԨӰж
ϯԨƣɵⲻ͹ˡ
ǳұǳڻҲǳ㡭֪¼ӻʲôõҡжΡǲӵңн취
ҲҽҪ̸ĵڶ¡
ҶݵоչĲܼŪıд׶ǸҲܿס
۳ľ̫ƽ޷ȡҲû취ǰĳǡ෴õĻҲǲٵһܴ۳桯
ȻˣЩҪͰ¼˵ϸ
ô¡
¼Ӳ˵ģüͷţĪоһ⡣
۳Ҷǵ۳޷Ӵ̫ӵףеĶغҶ෴п۳
ĻԣΪһôһ仰¼ӵȥ
лҪ˵
ݴȥϾŵ㵽_(:١)_
Ȼ۵ĻǾѸ±סȿһ㣬ڳɹɡ



143 
Ѿ, ôŵĻͲ¶ı顣
¼ӳһԲ
治֪Ҷݶ۳չ˭ԭΪͻйϵ, ϸǻҵĻ, ûеҵ۳涼ܵơ
ϯԨ˵Ļð¼𾪵ͬʱеĺ⣬Ҷڳʹʱǳ۳ҶݺϤ
۳治ܹ̫, гĹʶ, ϯԨȴ˵۳治ΪǴСõģƽ궯Ҷ֭ϡ
ֻ۳˵¼Ӳһ, ɸԼ⻰ϯԨڰǰ, Լ벻Էɡ
ϯԨ¼ӳ˼ģ, Ҳûٿ˵Щʲô, ֪¼ӻԼҪľ
á
¼˵ҴӦˡ
ڵġϯԨ߹ŵЦЩ
߽ˡ
ƽǱ൱ڰԼ˵
оﶼ۳棬ûɲԼ
һеĲþͶ׼׵, ԼеȻ, Լ˦һըȥ֪ըʲô¾
ܴ򿪵ʲô¾, ֻᱻԼС
ϯԨںͰ¼̸׺뿪ʵ޵, ͣʱԽԽױֶ, ÿһζǴҴҴߡ
÷Цݣ֪鲻
ǴӦ, ÷֪Ǻ»ǻ£ȸŵµ鷿¶Լ˵
÷Ȼҷһ
ҪǷ񶨽ϵĲʵ, ôԼ롣
ϯԨЦŽеĹڳʵͷ, ̾˿ϧһ˵ҲȢ·, ֻǱ²Ը, ҲѾдƾˡ
ܲ·޸ҵ̣ʵ̫ˡ
·ģ֪ôд
÷ǿǳ鴤ĳ嶯Ļ˼εдд˿϶ҪºͰƶ
Ͼ˼ѾˣǱ²ͬ⡢ǵѾдƾԲȢ
һƶķȻܵӰ죬Щˣ˵ǿ϶ǳǲὫŭԹ׼¡
ӱ»ĵǶôТ˳۰ԼƾԸݱ΢ĴƾȢ߹ĴƳ͸ûˣȥԺӵµĴƳֻ
˭õ۹״ǱƳ۳ϲǴء
ò˵۳һ
÷Ҫ뿪ʱϯԨһ䡣
żȥ£ܻһЩͻ״Ҫ
÷Щνġͻ״ʲôлӦһǡ
Сʱ
÷ûйϯԨΣܿľûҶӪĹٷ˺ŷһǲ֪ƶ᲻Լžž졣
ϯԨڹϿ͵ʱĳһ÷жһѸء
һʱ䣬Ц̵ĿʼڴԼġϲ
һߡ
˹ҽԺ
һûʹеļڡ
תϵıʣҽԺնϴԼǰϵı棬¶һɵЦݡ
̥û⣬浰ĵĤҲĺܺá
׶οʹҽƼ鿴ŵĳ浰ģҪǼ浰ķ׶ΣΪһ㵰Ĥʼγɣܹ۲쵽ޡ
ϵϣάժһֱŵĿ֣û徭õĻᱻ濴Լڵӡ
壬ΪʲôͻȻҪһָԭӡ
ҲɺϣǰҳˡҮ˹ıҲö׹̺ܣûһյԺҽͨѶ
ܶΣûʲô˵ġ
һȴһ
Ҫָӣֻ˵Եɡ
ڶţϣάԥһӦֻǳǰǸԼЩαװ
ɫĳɢͷϴŵ֯ñڸסǰпĿ󳤷£ΧŵĺɫΧڸǵС
ţɺܼ򵥣ҴָˡЦе˵ϣά𾪵Ļ
ָݣʦûҡ
ڰ֣ԼûϣάǸϢõģǸ˵˺йص¶
ԼϯԨɵЭûҪϣά˵ԼôҲΪϣάá
ԵȻһɳȥϯԨһϲ
ôżôϣάɣԨܾڲǸʱ
ϵź㶼˰ɡ
š
˫ֻصֵôˣҲǡ
Ҫڲߣ֮鷳ˡ˿Ķӣ˵Сӻ۸߳ĺãñǸע⵽
ϣά˵ʲôϡ
֪Ҫ˵ʲôǸȷ˺Сӣѵһ˺
ҵģھȥϯԨߣӦҲҪİ
ֻҪϣάСӻصϯԨߣô۹ûٳҴǵ⣬Ҳϣάһ㱣ϡ
ϣάͳ̵ķϣǸ̬ȿ϶ϯԨб
ʹǸĸеҲֻϿɣȻô죿ѵܺϯԨŸɡ
***
÷ڸӪҶٷ˺ŵİ칫ֱݺõĲˮ͵ġ
ĵλʵɵ½Ϳ뿪ˣǶ¸Ҫ
Ϊʲô˼Сʱ˳ͣȫΪǵµûյµĴǰ뿪
Ҳ֪Ҫͣڷ϶ϵĻѶۣ÷˴ˮյ߸һھͱԼˡ
ˣ÷ˡ
÷ķ±ӣ˵ʲôˡ
ҿ˵ʹһƳ棬˵Լϣά˹ͼء
ʲô÷վһ˺ü⡣
ȷ֪ô
򶨵˵˶Թϣû⡣
ҵʱѾг֪ͨˣ㹬˵ҪԼ
㻹վʲôÿ÷ӾҪ뿪
ĽŸ̧첲ͱ칫ҵһƳסˡ
Ҹʲô÷Ťͷȥ
÷ڰǵĹٷ˺ţ˵ĵ̫Ƭ˵ĴƳָŵԣϻųԾ
ֻǰյµ˼µĴƾôĳˡ
Ϊʲôƺ̫£Ϊλǵ׿ڳϲҹ֮ĴƾƺҲֻлʴµĴƾܹʹá
÷ͻȻ˵ĻԭԼžΪ¡
סĴƳЩòעǸôӦ
ôشҪҽ𣿣÷ô˵ܡ
¿ɴС治ܽġ˵ԼھǲҲû㱨Լܾô
÷֪Լ߲ˣȥ»ܰ¡
ȥȥλ̫¡Ȼʱһ㱨÷Լ˵
õģ÷
㹬
ϣάһ̣ϯԨĿϣȫûзָ˼
ѷӣǵһʱõһϢû˷Լİš
ϣά㡣ϯԨ첽ǰֽǰƳס
ϣάķûۿϽעӰ찡
ӵ̴ӴƳ棺Ľ


144 
ҡ
ϣάЦס, һֻڸЩĶԼѹĳ浰
ϯԨϷһûͺϣάô֪ܲ
, ϣάϷ
ϯԨӵסϣάһƽ¼, ɿϵµϸôһͷϣάĳǰʱһ
ӺЩ΢΢͹, ϯԨĬһʱ, ϣάǰֲϡ
ȥü۽Ƕʵϲá
, СӶôô
Ȼ֪ϣά״ܽ, ۿǲһ, ˵⻹ôһϲˡ
ϣά
ϣάһ, ƫͷû뿪̴ӺͷȻ𾪵°Ͷϵӡ
ǿȥ, ˭
ʲô, ˵
̴Ӳҷ, Ӧ¡
뿪ʱ񶼻ǻл㱵, , Ͻϱ֪Ǻӡ, Ҳ̫˼˰ɣ
㲻ǺȵȣϽںҲǵ, Ӧǲɣô˵, ⶼǸϢ, ԼǲҪҸʱ乧ϲϽ
÷, յͿӵ㹬Ļ̴ӡ
ܹ÷ᵽֵʵ⣬ͷҲڵһʱͷЩ̴ӵı鲻ԡ
סһ̴ӣݺ׾ʹ̴ӿе֪ʲô¡
ڵ֪ǵµĴƾ˳浰ңɱȵ´ƾֵϢҪըţ۹ϾҪӭС𣿣УϢҪ̸
÷Ϊʹеλڳۺͳʵĳ棬Ϊʾ𾴣ĳ嶼ƺҲԼ׳ˡ
ӵ绰÷ڴϵţԴӵµݹвټڻʹأһϵϢƬЩ߷ųȥġ
漰¼Դ̶ʮתͱǧȥˣϢԵ۶Ϊ䡣
֪ˣ㲻ùܣֻҪŵ¾͹ˡ÷侲شϺ󣬲˵͹Ҷͨ
µĴƾ˳浰÷֪ıһЩ߶Щʲô棬ǵ۾һһ⣬ƬϣάĶӿŲǺԣҲ㹻ԲһȻд²ˡ
ǷӦʱ̫ˣǻûôǰѾķзֱɺϵԤı
㹬
ֻʣϧϯԨϣάûǶţԼͬЦ
ϣάߣϣάһֱûɿ֪ʵϣάûʲôҵ𣿡
С
ôûУϣάʳʲôʱϵ
ʵģϯԨȣԭΪϣάһЩҪ⡣
ϣάͷס֣ƽ˵һָݣص¶һֲ߻ġ
ûᵽ¡
ûʲô飬ϯԨô˿̵ϣάЩίԼϣάϵĴ࣬ȴûһ͸¶¡
Ϊһϲ
ϯԨȥպƵϣάһǣľϣάǱ䱦
ô˵Լһֲ߻ģ˵ĺûһ˺Լ̸潻Ŀ
뵽Цϣάϲô
ϣάģ̲סչ¶һЦݣ˵˵ʵҵʱʵ̫ͻȻˣЩš
ڰԨǰǵĽɫλ·һ򣬱ݷ۰ĳԼ
Сôû㡣
֪СӸջϵͷ£ϣάȥ˲С鷳ΪԼߣͲɵﷴӦأϣάҪǸǰװ£ñ֡
ϣάҪش𣬴Ϻһָֹ
һϯԨ˵ţջ֡
ͬʱһԽԽĽŲڶߡ
߽ľȿһķ򣬰ԼĲʱ򰡣ﲻסð亹
ڶ˵Ŀһ̣岻һ׼Ĺ͢ǣ£÷߲ʱճ
ˡ
÷Լ㱨ϯԨеӡ
û÷ʲô£Ҳ֪϶Լӹȥ鷳æĽͷöҲɸһжԼļƻ֮С
ࡢ࣬ʲôҪôһ˵һ߿ϣά
ϯԨ˵ô˵һҪ졣
÷Ҫʽ⹫ϣάݡ
ţҲҪһᡭ˼ŵԺһᷢ㣬ʱͶܰ쵽𡣡
ʱ䣿ʱеżû⻰˵ڡ
û⣬ģ֤񡣡
ϯԨԴӱϡ̫ӡݺֻٰһᡣһǵڶΣų϶СеµĴƾ̫
ȥ̰ѵµҪ㱨÷вű߼ʵԭʧ/ĴƳ³֣õôӣ֪ϢųȥжٴƳʧ
ϾϵԵĿǰû֤ʵһϢųȥǻҿ϶Եʵԡ
÷еͷʹˡ
Ҳûĸܷ񶨵µ뷨Ϣտ϶ǻᱻġ
*
øֶδ͵Ǹǰ鱨ϯԨĶϢǰ壬Ϊһ㣬ϯԨһʲô紵ݶǸ񶼻ڵһʱ֪
ÿǸ򣬾ɴҲҪʱ䡣
ȻĻϼϢʱһ̲סŭһ𣬰
ĵǸҲľ͸ȥ˵绰սͨŭտϣάģ˵ϣάָݣû˵Ļָݡ
տ˼־ðǸ񣬴ʱ֪ͷϷں档
ȿȣȿҴȥ鱨֪ΪʲôҪϣάʱָˡЩ飬Ҳû¶֡
ԽʱԽҩֵг񣬾ԲԼ¶ӡ
ǸͷǰѻļհѱעΪ𴫻صļĿһƳƳϸղ»ûüģйϯԨĺ鱨
ϣάô£һ֪ǲǣ
Ǹŭӿ
дݿϣάˣôҪ£ȻϣάԼ
Ǹ¶ͣѹſҪ籡ŭǿ侲˵ô¡
ŭĿӵǸԼȫݡ
ڨЦ漰ҺϯԨĽס
ҿԷģڻݻĺܰǾⳡõĽ֣µľ档
ǸעһѪָ
˵û˽ġ
ϣάĳ浰˭ĸ룬ǿ϶ϯԨĳ浰Ҳ˵Ǳиĳȥͻ̸
ҳСشķǳʹ졣
ϣάҿųĺӣΪʵڲôѵľ񡣡
ǺܺôϯԨվߡ
ϯԨϣάӣ϶˺ϣά£Իǡ
ҪϯԨ˵˻վߡʱҪˣⲻһֱҪô
Ǹڿ𴫻صϣĻĬȻôֻԼ֪


145 
ȥеۡϯԨ˵, ԱߵĹһ¡
һ۷ϵ˵Ƿʱͣһϻ顣
ʱи绰ͣ˵ߵһߡ
Լȥϣά, ˵ûʲôҪԼ, ǡϣάʲô¡
ͨһͨ
£ڡ·ϳһ⡣
̫Ҫ, ҽԺȥ
ϯԨеһ뷨ǣԤڲǻô, ôǰôࡣ
ƫƫϣά뿪ʹȥǸһ졭ѵ˵Լе˸󣬻˳ıӵҶԼİ֡
ЩҪ, Ҫϣά
һʣϣάô
˿ȥáһʱڿϣάĳƺ˵˳
ʱ, û˻ȥƺ⡣Y.U.X.I
, Ҫͷ˵ô
ͷһξ, ʱ򲻽ең˵Ѿͷתϣάϡ
ϯԨֻþͷһ, ȶʱͿϣά
ϣά۾, ˵û¡
ͷǰϣάģȥƽ, Ҳֻǿȥ, Щ׵Ĵϲӡ͸¶ǰҧж
ʱͲҪӲˡϯԨյͬʱЩЦá
֪ϣάǿŵԭ˲ǰʾ, ҪԭǲԼġ
£ȥҽԺ, Ȼܿˡ
ϯԨ˵ûϣάܾĻᣬֱ˵һ·ϰչ˺ϣά
Լ, ̻Ӧ, һչ˺÷˵ġ
ϣάܸж, Ȼ˵ʱĻӦûûн, Ϊҡ
Ѿˡ
ĺҲһ룬ôԴҽԺ̫ˡϯԨ˵꣬۶գжͨѶ
ϡ
ϣά˵ʲôˡ
ԡ
ҲֻʱϯԨŻֵڴƳǰ˵һ۳档
ƫͷȥķ羰װԼûǵ΢Ц̲ס˵ıֶΪӷء
뱣ϽԼı֣ʱʱľ͵ñιAͷͺ
ʹС
㹬鷿ڡ
ѣᲢۡԣϯԨߵǰ
οεĻ鱾ܽʵģ쿪Ҳû⣬ļ鷳Ѿˡ
ͣһĻ棬ǰȥԼĺϾҪĺϢ˳ȡⳡһĻ顣
ϲ¡
ǵµĵһ̣֪ӻǴӡ
ϲ
ϻﲻϲף²ϯԨ۳棬ҲĽλƾĴƳ棬˿̲Լͬĳ˵ϲ⣬ʲôû¶
¸źըǶ֪λʴ¶ĴƾǶôӡ
ǰ
ڵ۹ĻʴԼ˴ƾ䶯ͬʱԴƾ۰ҲǺݺݵڵ۹ĸͷͷˢһ
Ϊʲô
Ҫ֪ϯԨô֮ǰвٹ嶼ϣάĳŰԼճݸ߹̡
ڸˢʮԺûĹҵϯԨ˵˽ȥɧϣάˡ
ҲΪϯԨﾯˣʲôС
лϯԨܺãȳ̳λһףھʧˡ
룬һᵽ
ϯԨ˳ҺûûλҲ׷˳
һߵݸͬǱŲͬ
бϯԨѹʮŵǿסƹΪɡǸΪдƳλߵƽᣬԼӵƽľơ
ʣо۳档
ϯԨǣƶ£Щһֱݵ۳иߵ̨ϣγһɴ
ڵ׷˳ʷ󣬳ɹĴʷзʱڵһЩƪҶݵоĿǰо۳İ취ͼػʱ۳۷塣
µĴϴƺ󣬵۹ϲССײվӵ³úܲңڻ϶ѡվһߡ
ĿǰǿƽᣬвƽײľְлȨ
ڶЩɣЩڵ۹зô꣬ڵĸ߲Ƴ治ٶǼ
ʣµĲ˵ľоᡣ
Ҫ˵ҲϾ۳桯ԴƳ˵һȻѹơ
ĿǰСǺ޹˼ߵֻһǵĿɽϯԨ
ǵģϯԨ۳浱ɽҲΪƽ֮Ĺϵ
ƽǸȢĴƾǸͽܡ
ƹӵǻңһӵƶڷȥ̵ͷӵʵͳΣݣȻǹϵ׽
ˣάϵϵҪĵ㡣

ϯԨҴҸϵҽԺܿ͵˲ſڡ
÷ûܸѺһЩûĹӸ÷Լ١
ţҽ棬˵һû⡣Ļɽ
ڣҵȻġ˿ţôţϱֵĺƽ
ţƵƵƳĿ⣬ǺпŶȵġ
ڣ·ҡ
ûֱ˵˳
ԤıĿж١
׷βɵֱײȥϯԨ⻰ʱһ
˼һ˵Բѡһ·ʱѡģǰá
š
ϯԨȥһεĳȻԺССһĺá
û뵽ڽ˵һ䣺ʱ˵ҽԺڹȥ
Ҳûܾ
ʵ˼ϣάֵʱͱĺˣ۹̫ӵĴƾ·ûҲǳߵĴƳ档Ƴ滳˵ҲԵĴƾ
ϯԨԴǰûʣʾҪôͬϣάԼĴƾҪô
ճʱʾԼϣά浰ķϣʱãǷ֧ϣάĴƾҪ浰۳̻ǴƳ̡
ϯԨֻ֪ǳΪԼ̨ҵһڰˡ
һƬĬ
ϯԨ¹ԣȻڴԽԽԵصգ˵ôվһ
Ȼͷһξɸеĳʶеġ
ϲŮԻomegaӶǼʹ£ǰżҲomegaӵʱΪalphaվڲжôôĵġ
ϣά棬϶Ҳۡ
Ҫǡ⡯ģԼûôҪӡŶʮֺ꣬ܳȫ˵
ܸЧðɡɰͰ͵˵
ϽȻⶼʳˣɼķĺܵġȻԼҲûðԼôҲͷһվҽԺ档
ʱͻȻЩ΢ԼǸʱҪٺϽһĴ
ϯԨⲽ֮ǰԼûᵽƳѳ浰Ҫõġ
ǲһ顣
Ϊ춼ڸԼûʡ
Ͻʶȥģ̲סЩЦΪ˷ֹԼϽǰЦתȥǽڡ


146 
޲̵ҡϯԨȵĶЩ, ѿڶĻûһ˵˳
仰ǸĶյⱬըԵķԣһʱǸζӳ¡
ŭ׼ʦ, һ⻰ϯԨûչ˺ϣάЩӦ, ǸԼƵĲС
£Ǹ
泯ȵڴķһһ´˿ǸϽ
ϯԨת, ͼǸԼ
Ǹ, ԼǸĲԹԵӵ۳棬ͱõʲôΪ۳Ŵˡ
ʦ
ԴϣάصԼ, ϣά˽һ, һض͸ĿڳƺǸΪʦ
Ǹܲ, ϣάϵҲûз, ɫһֱܳ
ϣάȥˡǸ˵ͷӦһƺ
ϯԨһСʱˡ
һԵڿǸĵһ۾ϳ, ΪǸƽĻ᳤, ҲΪǸȥݡ¾Ȼ˵̤, 귢»вٳǵá
ʹͷվһСԼĴڸС
ʱͻȻˡ
߳, ǸҲڳʱһ, ܿͷӦǸǵϣάŻġ
ϣάôϯԨ첽ǰ
ŲĿ⣬¶һЦ˵ϲϲ, µĴƾƽ˳浰桭
ҿԽȥôϯԨϵ
Ȼ
ԱŲȲϯԨͳȥ, ֻһӰ
ƽ, ̫ˡһ
ߵ, ѯһ䣺ҽ, 浰лô
浰ڳǰģڼ̵ʱ̱ӲǴƳ浰ôͻֳڴƳеĳ۳浰ǴûлƵġ
ѯʣһ۾ͿʲôƤЦⲻЦĻش
ûС
ҿɵÿ±ϲǵĻֿĸˣǸϢ
ǵ۹һֻ۳᧿ΣĳʣҲζŻڲٺ޳ˡ

Ϊϣά׼ɾࡣ
ϯԨСŵϣάŵĴԱߣһʱ佫ϣάϸĴ˸飬ȷ˶Щϸ⣬ɫ㲻˿
סϣά֣΢Щսš
ŵʱﲻ֪תȥͷֱ˵ԼԼ
û취ĴԼ֪ʶäˡһСʱ˵Ѱʱ䣬ֱǰսҪĵ
ҪǷԱߣ治һάסƽıֻԼϣάʲôȳͳͳӵһȥ
ȵĺܵġϣάߣ촽ϣάֱ
ϣάѵ¶Ľžˣ̧һָֻķڴߵֱϣЩ̿˵ҺСӶģҪˡ
ϯԨҲԼϱǰˣγѰԼи̡
ϣάԭԲ͹ĸƽ̹ͷǿų浰ϣάĶŲ档
ɰ𡣡ϣάʾȥڴͷһβա
βյĸûз˿ԺĿڵβĳ浰浰ԲεģȴԼʮ幫ҡ
ûʱŵǲĤѾ̳˼Ӳĵǣ覵ĵȥܹ⻬ĳ峣ʶϯԨ΢Щʧ
ǿ۳浰
һʼиϣάһɰСƳ棬˵᳤úϣάСʱһģһ
ڲˣûϷˡ
۳̵ķɫ۸ҲԼϵĻӦǸԼһĺڷС۳棬ϯԼǸС̲ࡣ
УԲСӺϯԼҵǸһ޷죬ȴӵһҪúõĽС
·Լˣ浰ᶯ˶
ϣάס֣ĳ浰ٺų浰ͷСӡ
Եų̵˵Ļ
˵ʲôϯԨԼϱҪճܵĸоŸճͻˣǰڵһλĿԼ
ܸ֪ĵġ
ϣά֪һֱϣСǸСƳ棬ϣնЩʧ䣬Ҫ˵ϲСǼٵġ
浰ҡҡλεϣά²䣬һŬþԼƸĽеƵʣҪתԴžǡҪƸסһ
ͬʱ滹һЩϯԨֺá
۳̺ʹƳ̶һ֪ôקס˫׵ע⣬ֻܱ֤ܽƿǵ
ϣάܸоģϯԨȻҲܸ֪
ҿõúܡ
ûסڳ浰ĵһ£ûϾԼ̡
ϯԨϣάڳ浰ϵԼУЦе˵ǲǸˡ
ҲӦñڵһλ
ŵڶ
ϯԨ˵ţЩŲ
ŤͷȥͿ߽ļƳŷһȻ˸ղԼ˵Ļϣά˵̫Ͷ룬ȫûע⵽˽
ǽĲʱ򡣡ü
ֹϯԨ⣬Ҳ⡣
浰İɡ˳ǣ¶һòԼЦ
Ǹϣάģǲǿ浰ġǰһĻ޸УûټϯԨϣάģС⡣
ǸûôõĳˣһԲڳĬһĻĳ
ߡ
ָһЦ£Ǳ뿴С¡
û뵽Լײº̫ڵ飬ֻʱµСĸƬ¼Ƶûµͷ
ʲôÿģǿŵϯԨ΢΢̧°ͣʾİɡ
֪ʹĳʹƸ˻ˣʹʺС֮ѪԵϵܵԼڵעСӻᱻϻҵıǩ
۳ӣȴҲ˶١
ӲͷƤǰûһߵķԼɢµע
㲻ҲҪ𡣡
Ц̵ĶʹķûУҲǣ˵
ǹȥĴŻʵصĽӴϯԨӡǷǳס侲ǵģղſԴһĳеһء
Ǹǰĵϣάоô
ϯԨվǸλãϣάǸܺú˵
ûʲô£ʦ㲻õġϣά֪ȥʦ·ϳʦܵģһ·ɴ̾͸Ϲˡ
һߡ
ѵβƵһԣֳֹԸ浰˸ʮ¼ա
۳浰ȥ
һͱ֡
Ҫŵ£һܿ۳浰˵С۳ˡ
ǰ۳浰һӵݣ۹ûݱС»߹۳ˣһһࡣ
ǳ鴤һ£۳һ£ڴƳһЩѾˡֻҪalphaomega׷ϲֺҲͲˡ
֪ʲôʱ˹˵λС۸ʹƸӰδڵ۹߶û⡣
˵ᱻıڵ۳滹Ҳ˵뿪Ц˵
϶ᡣƶ.
ζôôȷ
һҭҲµġ
ԼȻȷˣϾϽɲֻԼĶɷˣ˵ûᰴalphaı׼ȥҪ
ϸ룬ߵĿƺܴ󰡡


147 
ʲôʱܳϯԨ뵽ǵ̸, ָڴ׵ϡ
ȻʵѾǰԼĺӾȻǴӵ
۳̳ΣƳ̻άһõĳ, 㹻ܹΡ
ĻһھܳˡרҵĲҽ, Щʶġ
浰ĹҪ˫飬Ǻͳ浰ദʱԽ浰Խ׷С̣СҲżǡ
ϯԨͷʾԼȥˡ
ʱ, ǸǱѾϣά˵ˡ
Ǹ񵽵۶Ҫ, ڿϣάƽ³浰뿪ˡ
úչϣά
һġ
Ǹ뿪, ϯԨŷų浰СƳʿһϣάתȫСǻɫ, ο
һ˵ϣάϢٳԺ, ϯԨ㡣
û⡣ϯԨԼ, һڴӦ
ʱҾѾ鶼źˣǳС
Ķȥ, ϣά
иϯԨճ̹ŵµг̲ǶŵĺҪҪ˵ʱһûеġ
֪ϣά
ҲΪӴĶ, ǸôϯԨô˳۲ͬ, Ƿǳġ
ȥ۳ԴƳϯԨһ, ԼҲᵥôʱ, ϧϯԨ۳ôҲԴƳΡ
첻һҪϣάһ˵
ȻϣԼԼ, Ϊⵢ˰Ԩ¡
ǸҪϯԨ˰֣Ц⣺ҸԼżˣרСӡ
omega, alphaһ¼ڡ
ԼҪҲôʱ, ûɡ
һת, Щίѵ˵㲻㣿
ϣά˼Ļش𣺡Ȼ, Һܿġ
ţˣϣάϯԨ̲סЦ
ϣάɫ֪ڶԼ档
ЦǶڡ
ϯԨϣάƽµգûٿЦֻȻһĨЦ⡣
ҲЦˡ
ûУһʱ䣬˵÷ȥԵĻ
ϣάֻǰʱŻô̹ʣԴ˺ܣȴ˿
վſڵķˣϽĻæĵȥ
ԿǴЩ۵ʵǿȥˣûҪ뿪
ʵﻹеû꣬ˡ
ʲô°ͷ壬֪ô
ϯԨüڣͷİɡ
ߡϣάıСèز˶٣ʾҪ˵
⣬ֻʣרע÷㱨
ûע⵽·ǵ̬ȻҲעⲻʱµĿԼϡ
ϯԨ˺һûӦ
ѵ֪ʱ˽˿ռԼϣάôЩεĳ
̧ͷ£ʲôԸ
ȥŴϡ
˿ֻʣԼȻ򣬱ȥǸ£ͳȥ
ֻʣҺˡ
ϯԨųϢỷϣάڴϣά۲ۣ˯ĻһȻҽ㡣
ϣάȷЩˡ
ղڻãֻʣǾЩŲסˡ
ϣάŴϯԨϴĵϢأֻ뿿ߣеûų浰ĳı䡣
˯һ
š
ϣάȥϣάһ¶ǰϸڼϣάһֱûɿ

ҽԺ뿪¡
ϯԨšû£ҽԺסҲν뷨ڳʵĲϴߴ̥У÷ӭ§ϣάϳػʹ
ڳ浰˿ſ÷ĸ߼Ӥ÷ĴƳ̴רչˡ
ȻصʹҪȥʵġ
ϯԨϣάȥʡ
ʼǺ˵һ䡰񡱣עȫߵӤϡ
СһɣÿƯ̽ԵȥϿ佱ţƿԺһǸƯС۳桭
ʵĿ佱ϯԨЦãСڵͷĿƯˣ˾ǲ̫һ㡣
˵ĶԣŵĺƯһ覴öûС
϶Ǹ߼۳棬˵һSءۺͰ׵Ŀų浰
ϯԨû뵽ڿ䵰ÿҲͬĲ졣
Ӥѹ˭һѵСӶ˶ǶԳʺͳ۵ĻӦ
Сһáʿĵ˵
ʱڽĿӳ浰ƿʣȡ𣿡
ȡˡ
ҽԺ죬ͺϣάС̵ָˡ
ޣСͽӡ
ޡάӡڿ˼飬Ц˵ȡòͽްɡ
ʵϯԨֻ֪Ҫȡòʶᷴԡ̶ѾϻҵˣҪٲ־Щˡ
㿴ϣάҪŬ
˵俴һϣάûкǰһӣԺûµʱ߶߶˹ҲǺõġ
ѳɶ֣ԼûҪϯԨַȥ
Ȼ׼ϣάֻ۳̣Ǿȥɡ
ɻŻܹﷱï̶ƣĿǰܹ³̵ֻǰԷҪʧˡ
ϯԨþСӽĳʷܸоﲻԡ
ǣǰݺŪģô£ϣά죿
Цİɡ
ͼƻýʡ۷ŸԼȨԼ۹ƽʵϯԨ˿ð˲ԤС
ʵ廹ûȫܹͳε۹ɳʳһδƶʱе⣬֮ûҪµĻ
ԭΪԼȨûȤ뷨ֵ̫ԣԳʲûжԼǣ뵽
ϯԨعͼǱ߳۸˹ϣά죬澫֪Ϸ
ֻһߡ
һСʱ
ˣǻȥϢ
ðɣҪСϢˣһûģ
㹬
ϯԨסķﱻһӤͰ˯ĴԱߡӤмǸԲεѣܰѳ浰Žȥȥ
ë̺߽߱ǽǵͻײǶСӻûӵѾóʺСˣĻˡ
СӴӤﱧŵϣڼ仹˸ʮΣյĶ
Ų󣬱ͦġϯԨ˵
ϣά̶ֳ֪ȣڻ֣Ծֹסĵġ
Сġ
õǣܸоղŴǾ̺û£ҿӻͦϲġ
£һΡ
ϣάҪǲţҲԣϯԨ˵ţֵ۳ֲ˵ôô
ֲûд϶԰ѳ浰ȥ
ϣάȻҲ·ͷһƸɱϯԨҪ׵Ķࡣ
˵Ҫѧ̣۳̶ǺܽģҪǲúչ˾ͻ䡭ϣά۳ֲᡤڡ
ÿҪͳ̽һСʱĽǽ컹ûпʼ
ϯԨ˿ѾšһСʱĳ浰߹ȥϣάе飺»ǵӾ˵ɣڿȥԱˡ


148 
ϯԨų浰ڷ, ֵˡ
ǡĵ죬Ҳ˵˳ĻܿСˡ
浰һһԾ, ʱڵ϶Լ, ȼ֮İײǶ
ϯԨ˾£浰ţ߶ȲҲͶʮ֡߶ȾһʱʧˤҲǻ̵ĺ̺, һˡ
С̻ͦϲȥ, ۸ںϷ
֡ΣնܵϣάҲϣά², ϯԨͳ浰һ档
ʲôʱſϳ, ܾðɡ
ϯԨͳ浰о, Ŵӳ浰ﴫģı, 浰ڵϣɳ浰Լ߹ȥ
˵Խڴĳ浰ͻԽƿϣάǶϣġ
Ϊ, ϸֲִϵ, ϧһֱҲûʲô
ԼĴ˯, ҺƸм, 㰲ʲôġ
صʹĵһ, ˯ĳ浰ϵʱޱȻԾҪϣάš
ֻҪϣάһ־ͿʼӤﶯȥĿ, Ϊ׼Ӥѹûó˯ϣάм䡣
浰ȥȫûĻȥ
ϯԨޱ顣
ϣάֿô, ڼȵĴһֶֻĹòڳϦ, ȴΪ̲ʲô, §§΢һЩĶڳ浰ǰ
ϣάƤ, ÿܶþס浰ɢľñʲôÿġϵ
Ҫ̫Զ˵
ܷһЩָ⼸ĽӶԼĸΧᳵ졣
޹ֻͳ̣ϣάǸȥһʱز
ϯԨ򿪹ѯ˳㴦һҪԼظϢ
һ˰µļ٣Ҳʲô¶ֻǽһЩƵĹȫƵȥ˵÷
һ÷԰칫Ϊңλû䶯Χ˲֪١
ĵ۹ӵʵȨģɲʲôֻ֮ǰΪƶԵʴڰܿ״̬ڻָƿغҪȻˡ
޸ĵ۹Ǽܼ򵥵£ҪִķѵǳֲĿǰҪ޶ķֻһݰʽȷܹӵ۹ƹ㵽߾ǡ
֮ǰôǱĬ̫󷴵۳ӦҲǸ⡣
ϯԨ罻ƽ̨ȦĸϢг̽ݳֳƵͧϵƬſžͳһܼſų浰Ƭ
浰ĵѲźɫ·Լߵĳ浰ȫһ
ǡƳ浰Ȧ·ӦþǴƳĳƣԭϯԨڿƬǸոշĺü
ǵܼĴƾϳ浰ʱϣάһϾ¼ʵںѲӡ̡
ȻʱСӻһôţ̧Ƭһ䡮ϲ
һٴˢ¾ͿƬ¸ʮϢ
ͬһʱ䣬˼
ԭ[۳֮]Сӳ[۳Գɼ1/5]ں׺ĳ[2/5]
˵϶û¸ɵĵġ
[t()qϲϲϲ϶̰Ԩ֮Ҳ۸]
[ô˵ʱǲӦ÷_]
[̽(ܳܳ)ϴδϴĺ£ôִ(o)]
[УϾʹĺɻȥǵһҪϡ]
ƺ£ӵƿǺһΪһڳƿǺһ죬˫׳ԼһΪףͬʱף
Ҳеĳ̶ܵõǴƾµĴƳֻ۳̣ô͵ܳĳ̲ſԡ
[棺ҽԺ]
[ܼš]
[@š]
[ϵͳϢʾܼһΪġ]
[ϵͳϢʾ桢̽ϯԨˡܼΪ桯ʱ롣]
[̽(Ҳ̫˰ɣ۸ٲ]
[ܼǷĸԼû=-=]
[ǲ⣬Ϊʲôֻ1111Ǳң϶Ҳ̫˰ɣԨϻؿǷ˰˰]
[(ب#)ξȻϴĻء]
[ܼҷʮüһԼ]
[Ƕ˶٣]
ϯԨԼһǧǱңЦ[15600ࡣ]
[̽35060ٺ٣ϴұһG]
[ɶôô(Fڡ)~Щ?Ρ]
[棺48229]
[ֻܼ(ޣ)V]
[ƽһ㡢һǰǣʲôʱֵҰ]
[̽ǵõһӣеõˡ]
[˵ϴϴܼ࣬żܼ͵۸ˡ]
[棬˵ǻᴫݵģԡѲһ۸棿]
[ܼǣˡ]
[һβңҲᵱ۸]
[òͽˣ¡ͻ˰ɡ]
[̽ȿҾǿЦҵȻǵð]
[ϴϴʲôʱƿǰһܸ]
תĺӲˣϯԨǻشˣ[һˣûҪļ]
[̽ҷˣҿ϶ܸϵϡ]
ϯԨһûһ˵ȥˣܼʱʱֵż˵仰
ֻġ
ʲô˵̽ݳֳȫ˼İϣﻹܷĹעȺʲô
һЩʱϣά׹һߣȥ
߽Ϳشĵ˯ŸˣɫҶ̷һӼзΡϯԨ˭
Ϧ͸شսڱǳߵϯԨϣı§ų浰ʮܰ
ϣάһ֪϶ǰԨ浰ˣˣֱ˯ˡ
Ųë̺ϣϣάӽϯԨʱûзһֿɼʱ˯ŵϯԨŻ۾
һۣͿһֻϷţ۾ϵϦȥ
ˡ
ϯԨҲץϣάֽ£ŲŲͷϣάϡ
ʲôʱˡ˸ǷǶȿԿϣάµߡ
ϣάϵľװû£Ȼ첻ȥǸ񣬻ȥְˡ
롣ϣάϯԨŹߵ̬ı任˶
ôˣѹЩˡ
ϯԨ˫֧ϰϣάϣһִϣά§ס˾װ¾ݵƷҲյüϸߡ
Ǹһˡ
һֱһò͵ģһֱǣʱ仹ûòֻڵԼ
ϯԨһĨЦȻϣάñǸǲӦòҡ
˵ֵ̧ϣάҼ磬΢һƣͽԼ޷ϣάƵڵϡ
ϯԨֳϣά࣬һа棬ľŵϣάϵĹ㡣»ԡ¶ζʱûˡ
ϣάţһϣάͲڵŲĿ⣬¶΢Ķ⡣
Ҫôϣάʶ򴽣ʧ
ǵȻǡϯԨͣ٣һ˵һ߸ȥֱܸ֪ԷĺΪֹ
ϯԨĶϣάָ֣ʶĳ䡣
ȵĴշתĥϯԨȡ´ƳĺǶһ˲۾ɫֳ뵵˽͸ˮ̳ˮ
ڳõУƳĺ𽥱ü٣βһĨ̺졣
ܸоϣάΪﺦ߶ȻĶ̬Ϊѣȴ־ԼǰſֻסԼͷŬԼ
ܵ¶ϣάԼ׽ʱȻ¶ɬķӦ֪ϣάẦߣȴľٶִ˲ˡ
ϣάġ
뿪ǵЩʪĴϣάԼķݣϯԨϣάĳϣϣάסֽ˽
ûоܾĬϡ
һʲôʱһڶ
ʲô˵ܼ꣬
ϣάϯԨķӦ죬һʱע⵽Աڿѵĳ浰ŵ浰Աߡ
ǳ浰Ҫˡ
ǰ
ƿϯԨǳ˳飬ų浰ɫ࣬ҧгݵСʱ䡣
浰ĵһأ¶ӤûʲộֻҪСһЩ
˫۱ţ̥ëɫĵȷǺɫ
ѩɰģƸճĺһͰͣٳϯԨϣάȫÿĳԿĳпʤ
ޡάӣССӵ۳̾һʽˣ߳ĻϲĴƸ⣬б˺¶ĥ۸


149 
ϯԨۿϣά̱, ĻϲĴյԼձ
ֱܷԼ۸ʹƸϢСճСȭͷ۾Ұ, ıԴԼƸؿڡ
ӳ浰Сӳ, ϣάעȫСϣ˿ûԼϿ
е㲻ˬ
ϯԨţϣάֱ۽Լϣάļ, һִ˴СӰ۵
ûü˵, ͶϣάĿ⡣
ϣάС߿˿ü˵쿴, ǵĳ, ú㡣
ϯԨߵġСӡȥ, ϣάȸı, ˵Щʲôء
ǵֹ̣, Ҳ㡣̵, ˵, ָϯǻ
, ӤҪЩ
Լϣάĺ, Ȼ᲻ϲԼĺӣǾ⺢ĳʱ䲻ԡʲôʱƿǲ, Ҫôʱ䡣
ϯԨԵģʽ׼Լڵķ˵Ƭ, ͵СһճļӰɡ
ϣάȻ᲻ͬ, ֱϯԨڼ, Ȼͷ
Ǹо۸תתԴС, ڴƸĻ¶СȻ֪Լһ˾ͷ
ϯԨƬ˳㷢ȦȻ֪ͨ˳СƿǵϢûһյ˻ظʾǵȻȥǡ
ԨҴСȥϴ衣
ӵСӵմȾЩ͸Һ壬Ȼ࣬ҲܾôΡ
ȥɡϣάһһصЩǽĵ̺һԸʰɾġ
㹬︺չСӵıķͳͰźˣǳ۰ŵģַֹ򲻻̡
СӳԵ׺ȵ̷ʪС·ʹһӦȫ˻ҲɹĻģ˵һСӣҲȫá
Ǽرǵررϱʱ׼ٸķûáԼִĻǵԼ֡
˫ĲУԽСԽ𤡣
ϯԨ绰˵ǸƤҩ˺˺֡
ڳ浰ʱͲԸ˯ԼӤԺ֣һ¾ſ׼һޡˣԼϣάҪһߣȻ
һ㣬⼸Сʱ֤Ρ
ϰ˵롣
մСӴӳϣάнӹСӱϣάڳʱȥϴ衣
һʼСӵæңϯԨʱѾ÷ǳ׼ȥˡ
ڴϣͷһۻСӣ˯ķǳȣ޺СʹǰԼ֡
ϯԨһϢʱڵͷųѩϢ˯ŵСӸܸܵ۸ߵİġ
ںܳһʱϢضᱣ״̬
ҲûкôϣάƺҲͦϲġ
ȵϣάԡԼСӣٵϴϯԨͼϣάѧŰʱķڵķڸСá
ƺɫ˿ʳɿϣڴ¶ǺʹƬڵƹҫЩۡ
Աˣ߹ȥƿһıɽȥ
׵ĴܿӸСм´࣬ǵ˯õҲѹš
ϣάᡰšһСӷŵм䡣
ȥְ֮ǲҪȥÿȥϯԨϣά뷨ϣά븴ְʱֱӾʹӦˡ
˵ֻǿСûߣǰܵ׼ͥˡ
ϴ鷽Ĺ
ϣάĻЩȣʲôʱġ
ϳԷǰҴ˸롣ϣάϸǹôġ
۹нεĴƳ٣ǰսƽȵ£ҲῼһЩ͹ءԼʹְҲ̾Ͱԭְλϡ
˵ˣǰ˴߾µְλְĿǰʲô䶯
ϯԨϣάһ֪뽫ɽԼλõ뷨
۸˹˹壬ڵ۹ϵͳе̫շԪ˧һְϽܹľӡӡ
ǳ˽ϣά˹ϵΪһγʵĴƾҲδĳۣϣάõѡ񡭡
˯ǰ
ϯԨһӿмСӣִϣάһߣҹʲôµ˯˵
׵ҹɫ£һƬķʱεδš
Ҳȥ˺ܾãҲûá
һͻȻĿϣάӦٶȺܿǼͬʱִ򿪴ͷƣȻһͬ˯ַ֮Сӡ
ӦǶˡεϯԨһʱ뵽һ㡣
Լ̣Żô졭ôСʲô֪̣ԼܲܳһѧԲǡ
ι
ϯԨŰ̵Сӣ׽ϡ֮ܳһʱ䶼˯İˡ
һ
ڳԱСɺúϣά˵ƣһº˯ȥ
˯Уʱţܿ͹ȥСʱ
Ȼ󣬺СʱǰƵĿڶ
һ׼ϯԨСѺ̾˿֪
һж
ѹϯԨǣһԼո˯ͱѵĸо
һϣάǵһʱȥСӡ
ǰεľ£ʵֶ˻ˡ
СϣάҲûϢãȥһеĸо
ϯԨ˸Ƿ´ȥµʪ
Ҹ
شǰϵĴǰٷְڹ⣬˿г͸ս
Сӻһʱ䣬ʮ塣
硣
ϯԨǳ˳飬Ժܾûôˡ
˯һһ˵ţһ߰ϣάּʽ˯߱Ȱͨľ
ϯԨڱֱ۴ϣάϣƳ§۾˵ʱ仹硣
ȻСٳñķȥϯԨ˿ڳԴ׵˵ҿڲӦұȽҪ𡣡
ϣά°ͷϣάͷϣһ
ϯԨ֪۳Ƴʱ᲻AOУûСУǾ񲻼ѵʱ򣬱ϣάһ׸ʱסԼomegaĸо
ԸԳõԼ̰֮˺㡣
ϣάıţ͸˯⴫ƽȴ

ϣάʣȴǰֽסԨ֡
ȷϵһ쿪ʼʾͺġˡĺѿһЩʽ⣬ʱôƺǻС
ƺ֮һȤ˽³ĵطڴϡ

ϯԨΪԼ˯ܳʱ䣬ֻһαѣû뵽һŹȥСʱ
Ż˯ŵϣάŵֱȥС̵⧲֮¶һ˫͸۾
Сˡ
˫۾ͫɫҪһЩڼΪɾ͸ĲӽɫϯԨЩ⡣
ԭΪС̵۾ɫǺɫûǹɫĿܣּʲӦǺСô
ڷ
ζСڳѪߣֻԼһѵľڵ۹˺䶯Сӿġ
ϯԨе㼬֣С˵Ǻ£ʵȻԼ
ͬʱҲǸ鷳
ǲģԼߣѵ˶СӲô
Ҳ֪ǲˣС۵Сûþֱ۾˯ˡ
Сʱ
罻ƽ̨ϣҶĹٷ˺ϸһСµƬҡС¶žͷһ˫Ư۾ʶ΢΢΢Ц
Ϣµĸֿ佱࡮С³Ļ֮ҺԲᣬֻϷ·һĿ񻶾֪Ѫ۳Ǽô漤ˡ
ִôһС;Ѫ۳棬ǧǰ÷ǳ˷ܵ˵


150 
š
ϯԨ°, 봹÷˵ŵȴǴСȥʿϣά
÷ĿУ֪;ѪСӺ, һǧǰ
ôƾõ, ʹԳԶҲǷǳԶĹȥˡ
÷ǰһֱǳȳصģȴ쳣ġá, 㲻СӵĽԳж಻ͬ, Ҳܴ÷ĵһ
£, ⶨף÷˵˺һ, ˹ԼĿ, һ·ǰ
ΪףСӵĳ, ԭףѾǳʢˣڸһ¥
ԭֻף۹ͳε, Ҳı˲, ܵ˵޸ĵķȫȫչֳ˶Сӵӡ
ֻǸճĺ, бҪ
ϯԨЩԣȻǱµ˼, Ǿɡ
ֻнȨ, İǳʣڿһ۷߸̰ˡ
ǡ
ףʱʱ䱻Ϊͬһ, ȥʱ۹һֻУʢףģе۹ԺСͬʱ۳ϵ

һ, ͻῴ۹סϴƬ, ʻ͸ףװĳ, ÿһжͬ
ϯԨûǸʱȥ, ǼԹѲⷢһ¡
һг̶ŵúϾͿʼ׼һֱϲŻ
ľٰصǻʹеǰĺܶϯԨû˵вٻǴμӡ
ҲгϯϧһûҵϯԨ˵
ϴ̫ܻӭˡ̽һھƣʱ޿̲עϯԨ̾˿ұ˵ܲܺϴ˵˵š
ǿ϶ģڵݲһˡܼЦ²½ϹжٴƳ޸̡
̽˸ۣ⻹Ҫ˵
Ҳ֪Ǵ֪ҺϴĹϵҰæԼϴ˭ǵţܰᵽ£
Ҳô˴ɩ⣬ĸƳ˭ϴ࿴һۣ
һ˵Ҳ˰
˵ͬģ뷨ĳֻʧˡ
ϯԨԴƳ涼ٴɫûнһչ˼ϣά鵽ĿǰΪֹΨһŵľ·
ڣ΢еӵĳ涼ܲµóʱϯԨ·ֻȨ֮ƣΪ˶Ըƶˡ
ڰƶ䵽߾ϯԨ·֮±Ծǣûг᲻ʶϯԨϣάǰ
ֻϯԨϣά̬ȣϸϵ֪ϣάƾλúȵСºɺ
ԶϯԨ֪Լڱۣ֪Ҳ⡣
У۶Ĳ
ϯԨһ۱ϣάڻﺨ˯Сӣо׵Ĳףⳡ˯ԼȴҪһȺ۳򽻵
ǰЩ۳Ͷ˵Ǻϯһܵһμѡǵĸǣ˿һߺɳϯĳʡ˵
һֱ岻ѸµĳʣСӵԸ塮תһЩڽϳϯСӵ
ʹ֮ϣ׼̻Ὺʼû̻ͣҹըѿ
һͣǸʢγʼλ죬Ѿһٶˡ

СӻҪճ
ֻϯԨٺǰһʲô¶ˣļڽˡ
һֻűϵļǩ֣һַֻҡš
Сӵ˯ʱȸճǻһЩۺǿܽ˯ҡͷԴӱҡ˯ԺͰֺ˯ʽ
ǰ㱨÷ĿʱʱҡСƳ
СǺÿɰ
÷Ĭһ䣬˵£Ҷݽµ׳׷ϳ۳治ʹҶȶĿǰ۹ĸоڶܹҶݵҩо
Ҷݺ۳ϢϢأϵ۳ľо棬۹Ҳһµ۳档
ϯԨڿǺûоܾҶݵϯԵġ
ԼѣѵϯСǰо᷽ɵĺǰ߻Ǻ߶ܾôֲܡ
ǲⶨԤ㡢ѡļйооʵ۳
÷ְ˵ԤԼеϯԸ¡ϯĸԼĪ˹£ʱֱһ㡣
š
ĲɵӦš
ϯԺĪ˹ҪԼ÷ŵģԼΪʲôҲܲ³
һ㡣
ϯǵʱ򣬿һĻǴ۾ǵķӦܿ졣
¡
ö񡣡
ϯԨ̧ͷһۣ̫˵ɡ
˵䣬Ƿһƿ͵ι̵ƣȫԼΪһ۳棬̳ʲô⡣
ӵβ۳ϣ˵ͨ׶һЩǹǺԼƾϯҲûֱųι̵£͸Ҫ˵һϯˡ
˲Ҫ˵ϯ𾪣ǺһϯҲЩĿࡣ
ϯԨι̵ƺһ֪ɴģƽʱӦû
𳤱ǵĳԾòײż˾˵ϯȫʲô⡣
ϯĺĿϯԨŵСӿһЩԥ
˾ˣСܵС
ϯϯûпֹӹȥϯԨϯչϯӾ֪ϯԨϯĺ۰žϯ̬ȶࡣ
һһΪ£̽ϯԨ۳̡
ڰ̵С۾ڵСӿʲôʵģɲգ۵ʱ򳤶̵ĽëСӣ
ô
ϯѯʣ𣿡
š
ϯָСӵգĴ̲סִһ£˵۾;˾ĺ񰡡
ƬϻҪɰ
ʱƿˣϯԨ˿Աƺû˯Сӣϯ˵ҪҪһ
ҿôϯЩܳû뵽ô˵
Ա˻û˯ʱСֵģһ⡣
ϯԨֱӽСӷŽϯȻ˵鷳չһ
û⡣
˵ϯ˵ǽȥ˵
鷿ǻңǰ칫ĵطϯԼҪ˵ϯ϶ǲġȻҲӽʼһֱ˵
ԴСӳϯҲϴҴҼһΣһҪϯһģҪĩܴ뿴Сܵܵϯһ
鷿䡣
ϯԨϯĵ󣬱ЩŹ֡
ΪϯΪϯҵ棬ֻΪ۳澫оģû뵽ϯһϵ֡
άˡ
ںΪһϷļŵ뿪ʱߵƳ档
ҵȷʶҲպǸƳԼϯļȻ֪Լĳŵô϶֪Լά˵¡
ϯԨûʲôܳ˵ġ
ġϯ׷ʡ
ġϯԨ˼һ˵ӦڽǼðա


151 
Ǽðա
֪ϯԨûάһ, Ǽðֽû뵽ģʵ̲ס¿ڶǺӻûꡣ
ά˵ʱ뿪ʱ򲻹ʮ꣬ȷǸӡ
ϯĵɫЩѿ
Դ, ϯԨ⡣
ղŴϯĵе֪ά˵ݲ, Զ²ĸΪҪӡӦǸϴƳʱ֪ά˵⣬ôҲû뵽ǳʰ¼ӵĴӡ
֪¼Ӻ͸˹ûãûϡֻǶûܹס, òһ, ȴϢ΢жΪ
µȥ, ûõһǰƶΪûĳ浰ȥĳ浰, 氣ƶ˲ֽš
, ز۵ĳ浰ҲǱס, зһЩ仯ά˻
Ǹά˵ĴƳΪ˱ά, ֱϯҹȥ, ݺ¶ʵ顣
ԭİƶһֱڰв̽˵ĳ浰, Ҫάв.ϴƳԼûа취ά, Ǿά뿪ǵ뷨ɽ롣Ϧ
ϯԨĹ۾Ǹʱ, һ˭û뵽ɺϳˡ
ϯҲŲ鵽ǸϴƳϣаƶϯԨ, ǸƳԸϯĲ
֪𣿡
ϯԨԴЩȤҪ֪Լǰɴû͸¶㣬֪ǲϣڽ䱸Լ
һֱ˽µ, µҲⷢĴ̻, Ϊ˲ó۱ڴ, Ŀǰ֪µֻǡ
ϯĵ֪֮º, ûȥֱ߳Լˡ
ҲǰϯĶԳʷǳģϯԨΪ̫ӺϯҵЩƫˡ
Ȼҳڵ۹ң漰ܻвλϣϯѡվߡñһ֪
άǴƳ棬ע˶ϯԨвޣڼϻǸδ꣬ҲϯԨܵܣ治κεӰ졣
ϯĶϯԨ˽⣬ϯԨ֪ά˵£ϯԨҲֹ
£絽ôϯѯʡ
ԴϯԨתϯĶ̬Ⱦͱúǰһˣ׽㡣
ԡ
ά˴ûдԸ⣬άԼܾˡ
ǼðҪǴŸ˼˵ԼӺŴʱٻ
ӺڣҲʲôΣգûͬˡ
̫ˡ
ǸϢϯһɣվĽǶϣϯԨͳʱܹõĹϵ
Ҫ֪չά˵£һǳˡ
ûӣʧ֮϶עеĹذΪά˵ϯԨڳеӡֻή
ϯΪϯԨǣϾϯԨϯңȻûа취ıġ
һȥ߱ҵĵ֮¾Ͱеˡ
ϯԨ赭дţҰɡ
˵ڼ䣬ϯһԹ۲졣
ϯԨģ͹ȥƺûʲô仯ִͷŶ͸¶ź͹ȥͬʣ鶼࣬ûʲôܹѵһ
лһǰϯԨϯԾȻЩϯԨȥӡ
һô£ϯԨôı仯ҲҲһֺõı仯ô
ºϯԨϯ죬Ȼڼٻ˵һЩĿǰйصݡ
˵۳о޸ģƳλ֮Ļ⡣
ϯԨߣϯĺϯǲǶЩıзȨġڵ۹ھһδϴƺһжеʮ˳
ĻڽȥУһʩͻڵ۹һЩסԵС
һ̸ϯҪȥ¡
ϯԨ֪Ĵ㣬Ҳû˵ʲôȥˡ
֮ϯȥĻһȥΧСչ
һڵ֪ϯԨ绹лĿ˺ϯԱ뿪
Ҫ𣿡ϯЩʧ䡣
˾ˣ´һ𡣡ϯĺϲ۳ܵܣֻǿܿһ죬Ȼǳ۲
ϯʣиܵϯҲǼ¡
ϯԨ뵽ʱϵ¡ǰǺ治ǳܿԼӵϵҲټ
ȻˣʲôʱԡЩϯϯĻ͸Ҵ绰
ϯЩӦҲԣ
㲻͵û˵״Ʋĵ
˵һġϯܸ̬ܵȵææ˵ţȴ̲סЦˡ
ôɰҵȻҲ
Ըô᲻Ӧ
ԴϯԨһǰԼˣǱ˸۳һûڶŪԼ۸СС
˵ǵ̬Ⱥ˺ܶ࣬СС˾˻ȥ۰һ뿪ʱҲϯչǣԼǼ¡
ССĺû۳ɹȴĪĻָˣôֵһֱǸԡ
ֱϯԨع⣬SSSľ𾪵۹һ²⡪ССĺһϯԨѲ˹ϵ
Լһٵ׷£СС˵ʵϯԨȴûҪ˵˼ССæܣϯһֱ֪ôڡ
ϯԨһû뵽Լ˵ĻϯôŪһʱ֪˵ʲôˡ
ϯļôǻһֱǰǰԼԼϯĺЩΪϯ׵ԵʣϯûͶԶٹע
ڳþˣҲںٶϸˣˣϸƺҲʲô⡣
ӻһϯ򣬶鷳㲻ϣ˳ֶշһ
̫ϯЦرģǴƸǲǿԾѽ
ԱߵŵϯжЩϯԨ˵ȥĻ֪ϯԨϯĹϵõġڻ࣬ɶϯ̬Ȼǵģ˵һЩǸûϯ򵱳ֳ
ڣ˭ĵ仯Ŀ죬ϯĹעӦһˡ
ϯϯĵԴȴСϣ˵Ҫż٣˾пղſԡ
ʱ࣬Ǹˡϯ˵
̴ǡ
ϯûãĪ˹ˡ
ϯԨԲơ
ݱʶˣ׼ȷ˵Ī˹˽ϵܡ
ϯԨ
ͽ֮粻̶ֻϢʱ򽭱Ż㱨Լû뵽þûӵϢһô⡣
ʹԭϵܱ¶⣬Ҳû뵽ܻᱩ¶ô죬Ǳ¶Ī˹
֪йڽϢҿоɹ⡣
ܹҵЯĻԴͷһҵڵ壬ǶԵ۹˵һǳľϲ
ΪߣĪ˹˶һЩϸ⣬ܸĶ˵ˡ
ϯԨµЩ֣Ī˹ĻԼһֶû˵Ī˹û취ո鱨
Ī˹ԼԼõӶʱϢ
˵ô
ܡ
ͳʲôֱ
ϯԨеһͷʹĪ˹ѹ˷ܵĿĬˡ
ڷϲı仯ͳϵͶalphaomegabeta˻ɣ˽ҲͼѪҺ
ṹóĽǣһ۳ѪҺ
ʱԤеǿŲʱըף÷ͽСһЩû뵽ͷǱˡ


152 
ܹĪ˹ȥˡ
ȻĪ˹һܲ鵽, ͵йݲԼء
Ī˹мŵĿϲϯԨ裬൫Ľȴʾ۳棬һϾѾ͸¶Ķ
ϵĲһ, õΪֳءҪǱĸ߼, Ǿ͵޷֮ء
Ҳ
֪𰸲Ī˹⣬ǵȥģΪ֮, ԶѾΥ֮Э
ͽȥʱ, Ī˹ԼҪ֤İȫõȴһ
Ī˹Ȼ, û뵽Լ˵ô, ľȻôһС¡
һ, ǷˡĪ˹һ˵һעı, Ҫпʲô
ǸǵҪӦҲĵ
Ī˹һ˵ҼĻУлĺۼ, Ҳ˵ǵĻ
ǾԲ¡
ԼĻ򿴵ķǳ, ĳ, һ־ͻΪĵˡ
˵ֶһնݳ, ǣ, һʵŪȻûʼоͱ, һҷ
ȻˣĻҲֲܹģܶʱǿֲҲֻɻ
ûڽϷ, ෴, ֲ뵽ڳǲֻͽںϵķǳáӻŴܼǵһ塣
ҲǽеĻȶĿŴ, ۳ûв, ۳ŻеϢء
Ī˹ôƳʵ顣
ڲ͸¶Ϣ£̼ͷϢأ𰸹ȻһڴƳĸ֪У۳档
ĻΪʲôڰܵ׷ΪĻںܹϵĽĻŻҲǳиʵǳǿԭ֮һ
ϯԨ֪ʱ֪ΪʲôǱֲĻܹԺԷǳǿκ߶ᱻ
ϯԨĬ̫ˡ
Ī˹ЩͷҪǽβζ˵ֺϯԨЩϵӲԼŲϯԨ
ֶܹӽе֪𰸡
Ī˹ˡ
ĿǰҪ²ǵ齭֮佨ĺ˵׼ϯԨ˵رһ䡣
ڲǸʲôãǵĳֶԵ۹Ǻ£ɶ۳δǼ¡
Ī˹һѾое֪˽ʣalphaʲ۳ܱġһ˫нĪ˹벻
ҪĪ˹ǲܵģһЩʱһЩʱ䡣Ī˹򣬶˽ͷûˣֻҪԼܱס
ʣµģʹĪ˹ҪҲҪܳʱ䣬Ī˹ںްյ½ͱ۹߲ȥ
Ī˹Ļ侲пȵһɢȥ
ϯԨ˼̫öΨһĪ˹ϯԨô˵ΪԼΪ˽
Ī˹˵ϯԨֵѽͻɡ
ⲻ֪ͨĪ˹£Ī˹ͬͬ⽭ټҽԺ
Ī˹ҲҪܾ
ϯԨû˵ֻǾĿ
Ī˹ҧסͱϯԨҪ곤Ҳʶĸ࣬ϯԨǰȴһмܲסĸо
ͻȥô´νӽĻô
Ī˹ϯԨ̬ϵõʵĴ𰸣лˡ
Ҫܾȴ˵ܾĻ˵ڰƶ½ǰϯԨҪǣھҪϯԨˡʱϯԨǲǵģоܶ鶼ҪҪϯԨϡ
Ī˹ջЭˡ
֪ˡ
ʱãһרעͷϵ¡
һѽͻ
졣ϯԨ
Ī˹¶峣õı׼Цݡ
ϯԨ֪Ī˹϶⡣
ֻҪĪ˹һ컹ҪԼվ۳һΪỰȨôĪ˹侲ǣоǼȨ޼ߵ۳ڣǾԶΪˡ
Ī˹ʱҴææߵʱҲɴ䣬ȫ̸֮ʵǲɢ
ϯԨְ̧˰üģƫͷҡﻹûѵСӡ
Сһʱ䣬ÿάˡ

ϯԨǽǺӺУһžһ𳯵
ӺŵĻһεԱǲûжžص򣬶Ǿзչ
ϯԨصôãһֱûȥӺţûҪҪ⣬ҲһʼӶû뱩¶Եʡ
ϯԨӺŵһ̣ͨͨѶīҡ
ʲôά˲ڡ
ȥϯԨû뵽ī⻰
īҸЦҪ֪ά뿪Ǹշ£һֱûųųϢ
͵һţεˡ
ϯԨĬȻʱ䡣
뿪Լص۹Ҳ˵Ѿˡ
µʱ䲻㳤Ҳ̡
Ϊ˿ִ򣬾ʹ뿪˷Χ󣬲ȡĿ϶ǲʹÿռԾǨԾ·Ҫʱ̡
鷳ˣԼȥҸάͻظʡ
ϯԨû˵ѯīڲΡ
ٵ֪εǵļչķǳãѾʼðȥӵʼ뿪ĳ˹ϽıԵȥµһǲļ֮ս
ӺŷչĺܺãīҸӺϵ񣬹۸εʵļӳٶȷǳ죬ƵٶȸǾˡ
ϯԨֺ͹һڵ֪
ͨҪʱīԥһų㻹ص𣿡
ⲻ˵ʱԼ϶뿪۹
īôʣʵǳ۳뿪ĴָϯԨ͵ܳĸǷëǡ۳ıжǸ嶼֪
˵ϯԨݻô⣬ڵ۹һӶϡ档
ġ˵
īҽŽɣϯԨŵҲˡ
ǵ
ϯԨͨԼ˼УֱһƵĿѹСֵԷʱˡ
СӣƿСӵСӰԵ㡣
һԵĹԴ˿ȴ˵
÷ĵ绰
ѽͨ÷˵ҪԼӦһԺȥ
ԼΪʲôΪά˵¡
ϯԨԭǳѯԼ˳ˮ˵ά˵ڣԳʵԸɳȥά˴
ǽάû뿪˷Χ¡
뿪˷ΧѰͨѶֶʧȥãҲ֪ά˸žеʲôط
һʹɳҲûá
ϯԨ˿ں̵Сӣ˼һСһȥСķϳӦò̫Ҫ̫ĻͰС
ʵ޹С
¼ڵϯԨ֪ڴϯ֪ԼǿŴƳ浰ŵʱԼǶôĸˡ
ţĳˡ
¼ӿŹϵƬ²һܻûӣԼ͸˹ĺӣֻƬҲ̲סӿһϲ
۳ҲûϵԼĳ̾ͺáΪԼⱲӶ۸ء
ϯԨʱ򣬿ŹĻ
߹ȥ¹ⷢЩ


153 
ˡʻع, ųЩôһˣû˯ô
ѹһˡ
Ȼ
Сϣά, ֪, ҲϯԨô
棬ϯԨʣϯȥ㣬Ӧ֪ҰΪʲôɡ
šͷ, شϳһ˲
, ôˣ
ϯԨ̾˿ά˻زԭ򾭹˵
û˵ά˸žȥ, ֻ˵ȥð, Լûа취ϵϡ
ʵıЩź͵, ЩôܰһûĺӶ档
ȷ, ĴƳʵǿô˵ά˶ֻǸδꡣǳ, Ҳδ뿪Ȧ
ϯԨûз
кܵ, ʧֱ֪û취ԼĴ, ϯԨ˵˱ôĵ¡
, Ҳܹ㡣һ͵, һûǨŭϡ
, ҲܹϯԨʱûдάˣҲ˵˲ԸάˣάԼҪ档
ϯԨֲ֪ά˵, ӦҲ
İȫ, бôʲĵʡ
ġ
ά˺ԼĹϵ, 㵽ҲڷǳĿˡ
Сڴ, ʵҲ˼֮ˣάһδĺȥյġ
ҪЯװڵĺǲརӸһ֮Ужά˵ĸʷǳĵ͡
ϯԨҲΣҲֻʱýһʱ䡣
ά˸žȥ˵мҪʱ䣬ôʱ粻ϵµĳᱻʷ֣ʱôҲǸ⡣
˼ţҪҸʱͳһйص¡
֪ĴҲûʲôϵһѾڶһոսмУȫûпɱԡ
ڡalpha=۳ʶԳ˵ɮ⣬һ֣ʲôܲµó
Ǿͺá
㡣ǰϯԨ
ϯԨûά˵˵ٻϯԨ˵ԼĴĳ֣˵Ҳκв˵ֻήԼӡ󣬶֮Ѻùϵ
Ȼ֮ѪԵϵܵڼȻѾҵӣôά˾ĵܵܡ
ʻ˼ܼ򵥣ϯԨҪˡ
Ȼ
¶һЦݣС˵ά˻СҲһϲġ
ʱҪø˹֪ά˻ٸһϲ
ϯԨȻܾ»
ֻû뵽̹׵Ļô͵ˡ
º
ϯԨŸëӶŪ˯ҡСӣĶСӵ߸еëӣСֻͼȥץ
ʱ˵һݼٺеӣÿ˶СӾû¿ѵС
۸ϯԨͼСѧˡ
ϣάȽæԽС˵Լϡ
ѽС췢˸ݡ
µСϺĺЩĲ죬ôѧ˵ǲܵģҲûʲôϣ
ӡָӱ
ѽѽ
ô˼ΣҰžҪޡ
ϯԨһƣüͷһ
һֳСӣһԱ߱µƿι
סƿϷཱུһ֪ʱ䱻չ˵ĺܺá
͸ճǻȣСӳԵĸ࣬˯ʱȴ˲١
ҲζҪǲޣ͵ʱʱ̿עţʽΪֵ̰ϯԨԴʮΡ
ˡ
ʱΪչӽϵĹԷš
ϵ˭ϯԨţĵְѺڱУԼƿԼ㿪硣
ڿϵ˵ʱֲԤС
ۣʲô£ôͻȻҡǹۣҲǷֿ۵һԼ
ȻϣǱһаȫǸҪʧˣ۵ı鿴ȥɲкµģ
ƵͨѶһͨҪ˵Ĺۿĺһ˲ܿͷӦ
ԨǱˡһϻûУֱ롣
Լ˵ʵԶҪǿͨĺй¶ǸǵϢ鱨˸߼
鱨֪ôľй¶ˣӰ˽⵽вǵˡ
˵ʱЩɬ֪Ԩصг⣬ԴһʼûҪ鷳Ԩܽ¶Լ
ֻ֪ҪԼڣԨܹṩǮϵ֧֣ȴûǹݾ
ֱڣƵ޷ж࿹ʣܰǵҲֻаԨˡ
ϯԨ˽ۣҲ˽Լһ
ӹ۵Ļ˲ٵϢǵǲ
Ϊʲôôܴ򣿺ܹŻֲҲ۲Ļ۳档
ͼ֪˵Ļı仯Ϊʲôͳ죫\ϫ'_꠴ĸ߼֪ܲйڵĵǸġ
ûа취о۳棬˶ŪƷҲ
ǡⱾǹ˵ġ

ڷ˴ǵ鱨׷ǺǾͳA6Ѿ߾ˡ
Խǿ׷ٵȾԽӺ;ͣµĴǳ٣ڵִA6ͲϵĽпռԾǨô̵ʱִڵı߾򸽽
൱⣬ķɴûͨǰǲġ
ӺŵȻҲһԹ۲ϣܹ⻷ݱܡҲֻα겻αİ취ʣĲǧˣɵȴмʮڡ
׷ǵѾ֪ȥĺߣʵ׷Ͼǰ򲻹ʱ⡣
ܿǵ£ϯԨȻҲǵˡ
׼ǵ롣߾㰲ȫ⻷ȻҲǳıԵ򣬵Ⱥ͹ı߾ҪȫĶࡣ
ϯԨһ˵һתķɿ죬˼ô¡
漰С£ȥ⻹ǲ֪ϵĸĸܶԸġ
ʵ̫ˣֹֻͬ
ֻҪԼ˵ͳ֮ϵ˵۹ֺֻһ˵ҲǴһһӣƺûʲôͬ
ĻͳһĿǰֻԼ۶Դ˶֪飬ϯԨ뵽˾
ȻûʲôͬôȻǰȨƿԼŸԼ档
Լڣ۹ԵʲôҲء
ϯԨ֪ԼΪó²ãǺпܻСǺͳһ
ɴӴϿ˫кô
Σȥ˻й
ǵ浰ĴƳ棬֪ô࡮۳桯ҲҪôĶԼȰѵ򻮽ԼΧ
ϯԨ뵽ֵܳĽǳ鴤Ҳ֪Ǻ»ǻ¡
ABO3:6:1Ҳ൱Ĳƽ⡣
omegaٵģAO֮ıвƳ۳ıֲҲomegaalphaȱȽǡ
ȣҲǲһżΧ


154 
ϯԨ, ڶԵҪʵ֧֣ôƱ̹ס˵Ҫʹ󲿷ֵԭ, ˵Լôʶ, ô֪¡
ǿ϶˵ģ̫죬Һλ뵽һЩʮֲõĵطȥ
ʮİճʻӦԼ, ԼԤеļƻȥ, е۹ľӡ
ʵϣϯԨƻ
˵ʺͱ߳ʺ, Ƕû̫þֱӴӦ, ΪгĻ, ҲΪάǰϢ˵˳
ϵĵڷǳΣ, һɹõĹȨĻͺпй
ǳ޷̵ġ
ʹ, ʱҲôɿ, ȥάóн, Ż򲻹ǱڻܵӰһڴӦ
ʴӦ, ۵Ȼᷴԡ
ܿ, ۹ͶԱϲ㿪Ὣȥ
ͨԾǨвʺϴһͬʹ, ĺзʽǽţҲζҪҽȥԴ
ڲЩԵȤУǷд㽨ŵͬʱ, ۹ŵĵĽƻճ̡һֽĵ뿪۹, ϯԨĺǰ˵ı߾
ͬʱ, һеִ۹ϵ
һֱװһͲǵĺнڽ۹ϵ, һ̲ͣĳŵ۹׶ǽִ֧л
ǱĿ꣬ǱΧмһҿǳͨǽ
ʮƷĸǽɵĽӣһҰһھܱٵļӣò˵ųó忴˶øЦ
Ǳǽ֧ӲᣬŵǽһΡӡ
˶ӣһ·ϱݻļƿ治С˵ǹ۵ĸ֣ǱʵʵĽӣɾ̲סҪ²ۡ
Դӹ˶ϯԨϽԴǽ˳ı߾һ·ϻǵĽӻ˺ü
˵ҲǺ¡۵
֪ϯԨݵ޼һָž뿪ʣǸԼߡ
ǶԵ򶼱оԵҳϣǲ͸¶ϯԨһݵġʵ͸¶ˣҲš
¡һ顣
Ҫ˵ҲȷǺ£ԽӾԽһϵ£ȫǿԼģͺ鸴ӡ
ϯԨǣǵϢ͸¶ȥý۲ûǡʹҪҲסġ
ǵ˳壬һһμ飬ʱ֤ϯԨ˵滰Ǽٻ
ĿǰûжǶֻ֣ΪϯԨںΪǵţȻܹô׵Ľأһ·ͨĵִǵĵ۹ǡ
ûԹϯԨ˼زףû㹻ĳôܹóΪ֮Ķһʵǵ
ȵ֮ҪʲôǾ;ϣҪ֦
˶ģѾȥˡ
ġ

۹ԱӲʲô£Ϊһսһ굽ͷڴ̡
ĿǰΪֹûеҪԱ۹ĳ̶ȣ˳˾Щ⣬ɷǳƽ
һеִǸܣϯԨ˼ֵ˾֪ĵز
Ȼô˵ɶһЩϢͨĳԣһǧֻ۳滹ȫAϵҲǸܡ
Ϊʲôô˵أΪһֱӾͱר͵ҽԺȥˡ
ϯԨ÷Ϣǣһ֪ģҲΪû۵ʱȥ
˵̫׼ˣвٵ۳档
÷֪Щǡ۳桯ȷϻ̲סԾȻһд󲿷ֶ۳棿ȻǱȲϵ۹ƳҲʮֲˡ
alphaܺϯԨƵĽϢɾģǽͷҲֻ˵ϸ֪ʱһǻᱻɡ
һôalpha¶ϢصҲϡ棬alphaϢغ۳֮ͬܹƳ֪Ĳȷݵıʶ
÷鱻۵ףϯԨʲôʱܼǡ
Ҫʱ䣬ǵĻ԰ŵ󡣡÷йһ¼ʱ䡣
Ǿɡ
֮ϵûܵƣΪ˱ӣ컹ǲҪϵĺá
ôõȹˣҲںô졣
ȥĽӵˡ
յϢӦõִԶǻˣ캽оͻ뵽֮ǿա
ڵΪģһһ䣬ԶǻûнͨѶƵǺ
һ뿪ΧǻҲζͨͨѶֶʧȥãвΪĳںϵڽͨѶֶΡ
Ҳ˵ĽӲܵͨѶźŶжϣ۹ܹʱʱսӵ١
г֣еһж˳Ĳ˼飬֮ͬһһ蹵ֻͬȼܹԿ

һׯ԰
ǱڶǵİŽǰǱҪסһʱ䡣
ϯԨһ÷ǻرܣԼ˸˵ĺ̸
ǹٷĺһ£һЩôеݣѰĻｻ鱨
Ӧô
ܺãеĻҪáֽ̧ޱߵ鷢£
ǵĴǺܺˣţƺЩ֮⡣˵չǵĴƳ̬һʱԽܡ
ΪԼ֪Щʲô⡣
ǾͺˣϣסĿġ
²õģ۹Ѿɳӣվͻ׷ϾǡҪ׷ǸĽӣԼЩһġ弶ӡ
̫ˡ˿¶Щգ£ĴƳ̫ˣЩԲ
ŶϾ۳ӦöáϯԨЦ̡
ҪпϵģȢҲ޷Ŷ
ֱ鴤ȷ仰ڵ٩ЦԼϯԨǶȤζԸ⿪ЦһĻҲ϶Ļ
˵Цˣǲʡ
ۻϯԨΪԼȢ˴Ƴ棬Բߥһ顣
ô᲻أţĳЩǿǺܺʵѡЦָ˵̫ԷƱ
г涢ˣû취ġ˼һԡ
ȻԤϣ϶ЩĬ
˵²ǰ۸͸µһС۲⣬ӿڴǳһƴСӣϣ¡
ϯԨӹ
зһöɫĳϿһƣмĿˡƽ
֪˵ǡǡ͵ģʵԼͣΪһ⡣
ƯƷСӻϲġ
̫ˡݸһЦ
ѽʱûϣӵܵòϡ
һߡ
ׯ԰У÷ǰļƳ档
ʲôġ
Ϊ׵ĴƳ濴÷ʱһ£ܿͷӦ˹÷ĻҲô
۳ģйڰλ·ģǩļ


155 
÷һʱ֪ͨ˵, ֪¶Щӡ
ϯԨյ÷ϢԹ˵ڰǵķˣһȥ
۶Լ˵İȫûа㵣, ֪ϯԨĸԱȻỤ, ΨһеϯԨǻ᲻ϯԨ鷳
ֻҪ÷֣ǴӦҲԡ
˵һЩںûʲô, Ҫڳıӻ, ʲôּۻ۵ġ
ׯ԰ڵĻ
÷õĴƳ棬۲, ȻҪϡ
, ˡ÷һʱע⵽߽Ӱ
Ҳվ˶ӡ
¡
ö, ɡϯԨ˵俴һװĵĴƳ, ˵Ӧþˡ
, 
÷дŵİ÷ļõǰ, ˵, 뿴
ǱҲԼļݸۡ
ϯԨļ, ƤԾ˼¡
ļдİ÷˵ǳô, ַĳԼûĸо
۳, ۹ϲȻϣԽԽãǴƳǡ
һ۳ܹƳڿɲǶһ, һǧλ
һǧ۳ÿһƳ涼ܽ۹ʣĵƳ, Ҫÿ˶Ȣ, Ǹ͸ˡ
, һҪľǵ۹ϣǴӦǼݣ൱˫ع˼ǵͬʱҲڳĺϷݡ
ϯԨļһЩûʲôӵġ
ΨصǸղᵽ
ۣ֪ôġ
ۺļ̬͸ղŽʱûκηֱһֱóƿֻҪ룬ôûܿﵽʲô
ܲķᵯеļ۽ļŵ࣬ĿΪ׵ĴƳϡ
ƺǵ۹İţΪ׵ĴƳһӢݣһװ˵߼ʹҲʮѹȸС
Ҫ˵Ƴ泤öһҵģñ⼸λƳĳһһӢҪ˵ȹǸʤһ
ǣ㳤ӢalphaҲѶԺԼĴƳȤ
ΨһĲͬžǴƳ˵ϸȴҲûôࡣ
˺һûȵһ仰Ϊ׵ĴƳڳĬʵǶвͬô
ȷʵС
ۣûвְɡ
Ǽһˣܲͷ͸һڰ£ϲܻǸʲô
ԼҪӦҲܽܵĺ
ʲô˵ľֱ˵ɡϯԨЦ̵ĿڣڣǲԸ£ûгܱǡ
ǲ඼ûϵҪܹʹƳôƳ滳ܰƳ棬۳Ƕֻ͹е۹۳Ĵˡ
ڳ۳Ȩ٣Aϵ۳档
ɣεʵAϣҲǵ۹ǳǳӭǵԭֻǵͼ۳ĻҲ۹ôӡ
ϯԨΪǵĺ̨ȻҪվߡ
ڵ۹ϲƳϯԨ̫ӵ¾վ۳Ǳߵģ۳ȡκ涼ó⡣
ϯԨ̬ЦȻ¶ô˵ˣҾֱ˵ˡ
̸ж˵ܼ򵥣ڹȥûƵ¡
Ƴֻǰλ΢΢һЦȻһɵ̬ȿڣǶ۳һӡ󡭡ҲʶЩ۳桯͵۹۳澿ǶôĲͬ

峿
¥
һ򰲾ۺϰ칫нļĴƳ濴ųŵͣĿĻԼǲǿˡ
۾ٶһ
#һӻǧλA۳#
ģ
ͬڵ۹ݣ۳滹ǴƳ涼ǳȣһʱֵŸѻ
һ鹫Ļһͨ£湫Щ»ع۳ڻƥϵͳĺ룬ӭƳƼԼ˵ͻᱻ۳ע⵽Ȼɹ뵥ӵһӴ
ϯԨ͵ʱҲš
Ȩķʽ۵ķˡţ̱ӵ΢΢һ£ûס
ۺĴƳ̸ʱԼһΪûֱֳöҲ֪ƤĽ
ڿӦǺõģȻȥЩ㣬ٲñǿһô¡
ϯԨ֪ȥ۵鷳٣۵ԼҪġ
alpha۳˻غϵĵططûƣرǺһalphaȫϸľӡ
ҪϲϴƳ̸Ҳûʲôomegaܺͳ۳ˣalphaҪ̫ࡣ
۵ģúôϣάԼȥߡǼʱٵÿԼͼƻõһֱɣҲǼ˺ܲ˵¡
һߡ
ϯԨڵ۹ջпʱŴϣά治ͬһֱǿͣ·ľûôˡ
֧İĽΪʲôǷͨѶ󡣡Щ֡
һ֧ͺܲǵĽӣ˿̾ͣǰĺϣһ߲Ƶĸо
뿪˷ΧߵһƫƧĺһ·ϹûǼʷɴҪ˵װͻȻǰǼʽˡ
ͨѶ󲻶ϵķ͹ǲӾһֱȥͷ
ԶԷʵҪ߳Լһֱƺûж⡣ԥͨͨѶܶԷҪʲôȳԹͨһ¡
ͨѶͨĻĻþһ¡
ԭֻΪԷ೤һģһþЩ׽С
ã
Ⱦ˵ͿˣĽг֡
˭һҭ
Գûж⣬Ƿ˵µǵġһװĴƳԼ⡣
֪ܷһ档
΢һ£Ӧˣɴ
ǳĻӦúͰԨйϵ
Է̬ôòҲֱӾܾ
ͨ
תˣʲô뷨
ˣ
ȫû뷨߼ĽӰǶˣȴôò
˵гԾ˴˿̶𾪵Ĳ֪˵ʲô
ֻܵǽˡץͷһԵǣһȥ˲Ҫó
ܿԳĴ͵ˡ
ϴαװ豸վŵһɫǸԵ£վڴƳڻӭԼ
˫ôģ֮ʱշǳѺá
Ǵ֪ǲǲڣǱֻƳ
󣬾ֱӽ⡣
ǻһ붼۵¡
ҽɭĴƳҽһž˵֮ǰϯԨ÷ر𽻴Ҫ˵ȥ
һʼй¶ߵϵʱһ֪ҰԨæɹ˳ɽʱɿ
Ȼ֪岻װæʹѾǻ̫ӵİԨҲܣԭڡ
ֻû뵽óԸְæԭϣۣʲô۳棿alpha۳ôܣͬôһ


156 
һ޼ʵĺŰɫĺŸ, εƯİƣ֮µĺһشغ˳򰶱ߡ
ΪĺȼٳУϸİɳ̲֯
塪TĵĺڷСкɱų˵Цꡣ
ܼ, кڲϵСڿлεš
һ˲, ͵ֱסĴȣֽһ塣
Ӱôǡ
Ҳǹ, ͷ, ˵ʱ˳кԴ
۸ʹƸˡͷк¶ĿͰ͵ı顣
Իûü˵߾ȴһֻ
Ӵ, ǲˣ
ҿ˳ǲƿ, ȥ˰ɡ
, ˵𣿡һ˫ɫӵк˱, ໵һ޳
޿κΣһѾ˵ҪŻСӡ
ҿûŻϰ, ɳ̲ϵ귭˸, ߶ţ԰ԨƢ, ܺúô꺢Ѿܲ˼˺𡣡
лỹ˦
⻰, Сӵк
Ҿ֪۸ǹ, ϶Ҳע͵͵ѴƸˡ
ۿ˿ûһֱչ˵ĴƳ, ǲǰտ˸˦ˡ
šûС͸
˵ֻ֣Խ˵ԽеֲҲҡ
ǲԵģ֪𡣡
ǻᵣĵġ
, Ȼֲ, Ǿ͸ɡֵһӵĺ, ûö
ϾǰСһݽ
СһҪڵϳʲô, ǿƵƤпǼ⽻¼
Ӿ𡣡
ᡣ
ȫԼԱһµ£⾣˵Ļ
Ϥĳǰȫûж˱ӵ˼
УԼǰ˿۸ĺѣȻദʱ䲻ãĴǳ࣬ͻˡ
üҽô
ã
ģΡ
ģڲµġӳڻ
ǲǱϴμ˵㣿
ûУǱ׼ġ뱻ʹһʶԼԥһ˵𣿡
ЦģǺ˧Ƴ̵Ŀ⡣
վɳ̲ϣۿžһ˵һˮ

˦̴ʱڸϵˣòĴ˸к󰲾վһߣȫûҪȥ;ˣӵ˼
ûҴˮĵطȥվŵλúˮûӵ
ۿžסӵӾĵģ˼ȴ̲סƮǰ
ԭѾȥôˡ
˰
ԶȺ֮⣬һʯϡ
վ￴ȥĺûʲôͬϯԨϣάϣۿԶϵˡ
ϣάִ˿дĻͣƬ̡
Ǹһһȥߵ£ȻҲںʱԼ
ϯԨ۾תͷϣάü۴ЩЦ⣺ţûʲôñǸȷ㲻Ϫԡ
ҪôæҲϵڲٵ
ãȣںЩů
ץסϣάԼϵ֣ŵһڣЦ˵ѵмȥʱ䶼Ӹˣڣ̫ˡ
˦ƿܶϯԨӾ˵̫ҪǼ̫õ¡
رСӻճ˵ʱ
£֮϶᲻˵ġϣά˵ô˵ҲûҪȥԼ۳̵˼
̺ҪҪѸ㡣
ҪҪϯԨüһ㶼úͺӳԴ׵Լɡ
һҲˡ̬ȵϯԨϣάͷһǣشĺԥҪ
ϯԨڡ뿪һλ͹ȥûʲôͬ
ҲֻǿŲͬ˵Ѿı˺ܶࡣ
ϯԨڵڻûع⣬ֻее߲֪
ȫǵϵĬ¶ܴôֻ¶ˡ
ͳϵһǰѾҵˣıԴͷҲǴȡƬΣŵҲõ֤ʵǰԡס֮ʷ䡣
һûдģҪĿΪ˽׵ȥټһЩС˼ȻϣԼһ̫ע
﷢˺ܶ¡
ڵ۹ɳӺǸͼֱֵӶ˳壬˫Ħʱ
սľԹΪλʱֱĽ춼ûֹͣͷ࣬ͣս̸ӦòԶˡ
Ҳûô˵Լ
ԳǷŵٶȷ٣ǰŵ۹Ӻ;ִ򣬺У׼ֱھ̫ϵһٹλü˫ͨ
ĿǰΪֹͳ֮ĹϵƽƵķ룬巽ܻӭȥͣӣƶĸ⽻оаŵȥѧϰεġ
֮ڲھƣţû˻ȥ⡣
Գ˵⣬ɳ潫ˡڵĵ˵һ£δȴ˵׼
ôҲûãδ»δȥ
ŽϺ󣬵ͳ֮ĽƵҲȥ˼γ塣˭һǶǼȽϤģȻ͵ʲˡ
ǵþǰ۹ȻԼͨѶʱģalpha۳֮ϵĲ塣
ϯԨϣάȴź磬㣬յ˻˯
ȴû˯⣬һûһĺϣά졣
Ϊǵϵ£ϣάʱһЩ⡣
ֻǣЩȴûйΪʲô֪ôĻ
ϣάԼ£ʵ֣ϾԼڵֺҲû
̫𽥴׹䵽ƽϣ뺣С
͹Ϧǣϣάɳ̲ϳʱķȥ
ȥˡ
۸ҷϢ˵һ硣
û뵽һ綼ûǣн
ϣάһ仰Щ̿ĵӵͨѶţ
ֹԼˣġ
Ϊҿɲ̸СϳϯԨԼ۸ӣֻһ죬ֲǲų
˿ӵĶλϣάһȥ
˸߽ۼӵһʱ俴ǲǳ˹
۸Ƹ
ûбˣȻƺһעĿ
ֽ׶γڵϵĳɲ࣬ϯԨϳֲٴΣҪǱע⵽ϳĿԲ͡
Ͼԭмƣԭ˵˾֪Ҳǳ
Ϊֳƣڴ˲Сĺ䶯
ۼӳϣά˹ϯԨЦһ̧ӵĶϣСû
¶ˮմƸ
ӣQAQ۸С
ƸƸѧӾǲǺû취ǰֻͣ˷ܵ㵸޲ˮһθƸ
ϯԨ򾣳ʣһ磿
ǰ˭ºԸȥءʼ硣
·ʪ͸ˣϡϣάӹһ̴еëӲ˲ù׸ϡ
ӹɵɴƸԼһȥǣƸ
Ƹ۸ȥˣϵ㡣һ˵һСֹţ۸ᣬ϶۸ôƸҵġ
ϯԨ벽⻰һӵͷ
ҵ˵ҵĻţ𡣡
ûûУϲ۸~~~~~Ťͷ¶һЦֺõȥץ֡
ԴˣϯԨһӵıӣ޸Ӱ˵һ䡣
ϲҲûãϲĲ㡣
֪֪۸ϲǴƸŵڶҲСӻ˻ֱۣȫûΪ۸Ļеĺ⣬СѾϰˡ
һǰ棬ۺ;ں档
һĻкһЦԷе
Ȥ˵ǲҲңʱһȥñι
ȷʵóˡ۵٩
ϯԨ²ͣǹ˵ǿĺʴͿԲ㲻ˡ
ǿɲСüɫĴĻֺ£Һۿɲ
۾һʴͿ϶ܺóԣ۸߿㣬Ҷˡ
뿪ɳ̲ʯߣ·аźõĳڵǡ
ϯԨһĿں͹ֿۡԳһǵĳϯԨĳ档
ȥ˽ʱˡ˸ָ
˵ĺִһһô𿪳ĹֻúЦ
ϯԨ⣬ûһӱڵҲһ˸
ϲ˼Ǻþ͹ˡ˽¹ϵϵԱôҲصҪЩ
Ҫ˵Ҳ㡣
ϯԨϣάʵǿҪǶüֵĳ棬͹ϹҲ
ۣλ˰ɣ°ͣͻȻʵ
ŷ̵΢΢սɿ治ɫĻش𣺡ţӦòˡ
ڡָĲǼһ꣬ڶ뿪
Ŷڸ˭ҪʧˡȵһֱоܾһǴöԷ𡣡
Ҫ˵㿴ԨòҲͦҸģһôˡ
׷갡Ҳǳˡ
۲ΪƳĸ飬ǶǾ׷oemgaһ
ΪʲôͻȻ¡
һ۹ϺͰԨͨ棬µ˵ҾǺʡ
ƨҪ׷ǸƳϣάԨϣά֮ԼòһʣԼŲ졣
һڡ
ϯԨŽͨ棬ֿӻ·ϣάժ¹ڶϵĶ
۵Ļϣάλĸ֮·²ֹ̫ۡ
ӻţδᷢʲô˭Ҳ֪
ԼսڹȥڣһĹȥصͳޣڲҲˣֵϣάڵ۹
ϯԨֻǣ˵ڵ¼ҹˣڵΣûɣ෴ڳȴǶǣҡ
Ѿˡ
һԼҺӵգδҲ


157 һ
ۺ;û뵽ȥ, ϯԨڶҪţǸš
Һϣά뿪ʱ䣬ӾͰչˡϯԨ赭д, ϣάǣеǰơ
ϳԺʳԳִ޲ſ˯, ڶһϱ·Ȼ͵ӹǷ죬ĴǷ۽߳ˮ
ԭ˯Ĵ, Լиչ=º, 䲻ѹʶץס˴Ƹֲѯ
۸ҪȥҪʹƸһ𡣡
̸
Ц, ֵҹſ˯ôԸԼȥ, áյ¡ɲϣάԼϣάм˯
ٲСӡ, ֮øտͷҪ, ͼƻˡȻԼϣάѵõļڣ磩
ʵʵ壬ҺƸҪϯԨǹ, ӵַŵС
, ⺢Ҫǲ, ô̾ô̡
Сӵڳ, Сͱߵĳǳ軵, ܹסһֶֻĹҲԼǰԼֳָʲô
ʹСԼкúý, ۳еĽһֲ١
ȫǳлΧ͵ģߵĶǰӵ˵֮ͬ۳ûݸߵȫհ, Ƴֺ׷һûܡ
Һϣά⡣
ӵɴ۾, ǰһĻ
Ƹӿ۰ԼĴƸ, ȴڴƸϿĪı顣
ǰ, ѵƸҲͬˡ
뵽ʱ¶ίͰ͵飬ץŴƸƵҡҡ
Ƹ㡣Ŵ˵ţ֪ƸܲԼģ
Ȼܲϣź۸ƵڴƸĳռˡ
ʱ۸ͲԼҪԼǵĶ䣬㲻òŷ۸ŴƸ͵͵ܳ档
۸һУԼҪǲȥ϶Ҫ£һ۸ŴƸˡԼǺþöƸˡ
ǸϣάԼҳ̵Դɤοβܴ㣬Ƹ۸ҪҪȥ
Ȼ˴ʹȥ԰òã֮ǰ㲻һֱ˵ȥô
ƸĻʧȥ˹⡣
Ƹô˵ѾþˣԼôȴƸı⡭ɶһ۸ҪģҪԴƸ
ʱˣǵĳӦѾ¥µˡϯԨ̧סϣάļ򣬶Ȼޱȵϣάϣ̬ǡ
Ǹˡ
ӡܵ˱ûȴҪֿĳлԼ۸Ȥζ
ӣ۸ʹƸ˵ټ𣿡
ΪʲôԼ۸ôڲͬȻƸע
ţߵĻش𣺡۸ټƸټ
ϣά˵Щʲô
ϯԨ죬һߴ뿪һ˵չûġ
һ뿪ֻʣ¹ۡбӡ
ӵĺڷſſţʹͷ˵Ȼ鲻̫á
ڵĳʵЩЦϸĹۻŲȥӵӣȴûô˼ɡ
øˡ
սСȭͷ˵Ļȴǿһ۸QAQ
ߵشǰڵȴĺɫγղŰԨԼİʾ
Ӧòֹ졣̾˿
ʲô˼ܵס½ǡ
ǾƵ귿һشʹӵҲܿķ羰
Լɡ
ûá
¥¡
ϯԨϣάӾƵ߳žƵߣߵһһС䡣
״˵¸òǰƿ£Լܳȥɣ
һһɡע⵽Ȼűװж֮ǳ䣬žеʡ
˫ֱֲš

ⲻǻڵôһӵͷָв˺ü²ͣ֡
ȥ涼û⡣
ž˵ղŲǻ˵ƿ𡣡
ŶҲǿɰƿûа㲻˼ĿڵʮȻ
̿

ɫĽγڵ·ϷɳۣĺŽȥŴľɫԽԽߣʻĵ·ҲԽԽƫƧ
ͣһܵľ»⡣
žװУ˴ڻſڣ³̶Ǿһ
λ
ϯԨ˰ֵУö񡣡
ֿտյһ³ϣάжһ䡣
У֪ԼһεݣǽλԶĳ̫ӵ´¸ʮ߲оڣҲûຮѡ
һжѾźˣ
ˡ
ϯԨ˵ڴ·УڳֻԼ֪ǵһ»ءǵһȥڲܳһʱ䡣
ڵϣڵطоڡ
ҪǰоҪӵһҪ֤Ȩ޵ĵݡ
ϯԨ̤оλڵһĽʱ巽һѾȺˡ
سô£Ȼֻϣά
ȷ󣬻ǸװǱԼƷ͵ǽϡ
岻ܷ׵ڵϣͺ͵˻ˡ͵۹֮Э飬⹫ʸǰĳû˭ϯԨʡ
¸ʮ߲㡣
оײ㣬оһٶʱܹ뵽ȡְܶؼо󶼻ᱻϣһ
Ӳټȥˡ
оľһ͵壬зʬʱһЩƷ˵ɿ⴦оѲϵ
ӵ߳ǰĳеȫͬ
оڵͨʮֿտ˻תû
ȥͨоԱ֪ȥͨʵһֹر״̬Ϊ˲ķУǰоĿˡ
ϯԨȻ
ʱߵģѾǴǽصУǴҴҸϹ״ӵоԱ
ϯԨڿԷĵһۣԺо͸ֳ˶ԷݡҶҶоȨ޵λߵˡ
ҶģϴμʱûʲôͬʱĿʹʮ꣬òԵʮᡣ
ҶͬʱҶҲע⵽
ʹϲõ̫ӵƬҶڿϯԨһԾӿֳ˾ȣϯԨ=Ԩά£Ҷ֪֮һ
Ԩ¡Ҷ̩Ȼ
Ҷо
ҶҽܽͿʼµܻ˵滹Ǽ٣̫Ӱ졣
һǰѾ棬ĿǰֻСסڵתС

ϯԨҶ֪֪ԼݵģжЩΣҪ֪оȼʱҶԼܶࡣ
ټ棬ݱֹֻҪװʶ
ʮ߲ľͷһоңͣһɼ͸Ĺײġ
оҵĸһ䲻ĳңһסƷ
ȥоǰϣάҶ˳ҡ
չʾĶһ𱻷ֵģֻһ۵װƷﶼжԼλá
ϣά㿴ϯԨк
һչʾƷǰͣǱŵһö
002ĴɫǺʯĥɵģɫȴ͸ȷǶźŵɫ
ҶԴӽ˳ҺվſڸûΪϯԨֻ⿴û뵽ϯԨͻȻһʱЩĿȥ
ϣάĿϣͿϣڿʵʱǳĬˡ
񡣡
ϣάֻ˵֣ϯԨȴָʱʲôһҡҡͷ˵һģһ
ϣάӴȷһ¡˵ŽǰĲֶŵһԣö
Ҷ⶯ܾͣȻҶſ˵ǰͻȻĶѾԭˣϯԨΪˡԼĶȫû⡣
һٶҶĶ
䱻ŵĶ٣һСһӺһˮͨҪͨͲᱻˡ
ϣάǸָдСĲеݹȥ
ϯԨ˳ƽӹӦ˼ͲӦáƺеˣϾڵʱϣάôƺġ
ڲǱĶһöɫϿһֵİֱǶȥ
˿Ϸ졣
ˣֻˡ
лҪ˵
ƪʱ߽ģһŷǶСءĲ䡣
ĽβĻõģִٵҲ㲻ϲִ٣Ͼʱ߷ӵġдЩͷʹצģҲЩջɡ



158 
һĻҶ, ϲֳ㵵顣
Ҳǳеġס֪ģҲֻ֪Щ棬εϢ巽沢ûи֪
ΪϯԨһҲ߸, Ȼͽ׵, ôҲû뵽ϯԨȻóöȱʧĲ֡
ˣǲ͵лܹ
ϯԨҶϵı飬ҿԴô
ҶƬ, ҲֻƬ̡
Ȼ, ԼͺáǳĶѵԼش˵ϯԨͲˣҲ֪ܡ
һԼ, ҲڸԼӰˡ
ϣά, Űɡ
ȥһط
ǰһǶϣά˵, һǶҶ
ϣάŽ, 
ڿصϺöԭ˭һҪ˼⡪ǵƷ, Ү˹ʷҲصͼƬء
ӦûҮ˹Ĵж, ʵȴڵųȥʧ
ڵʱ˲, ȴ֪Ϊʲôˡ
ԭǱױ´, ˾ôңԶǿ
ǡһȻɳ涴ͬƬǺ, ֮ľԳĿƼʹŽкҲҪǳʱ䡣
֮ǰʲôҲһԶԡ
ôʱ嶼ʱڵʷ¼ɲ, ̽Ѱˡ
ϯԨ̧оڣƷҲöȤĶûʲôҪġ
оڡ
ɫĵƹռ, ʵĹһߡʬ塯ͳϵʬ岻ͬ, ǳ˯Ŷȥ
û, ͻûʲôͬ
һͷ볤ڷڼ, µƤй󣬳ǷеӢϵѰȴڲס޳Σ˫ֽڸá
ҶΪϯԨʱϯԨֻǾĿһ׵壬Ȼת˵
û⣬ɡЩ׻ع۹ĳǣǻȺš
ϯԨջȻ̽ľһ㲣赲
Ѿоײľˣڴ̼Լ3SЩЩɢôⲻûпܵġ
Ҷ֪ͨ
оһٶ꣬Ҫ˵ʲôûоǲܵģҪ˵оĳɹҲٵĿ
оɹ֮һǽײеľϯԨͻƵSSS
㻹ϯԨʵҺŷֵģʱʮֵ𾪣ϾһȥȻܲ¿ӴľܹӰ쵽Եĺ
߾ֹͣо黹׵жôϧǶôԳĿƼˮƽҪֱѴ֮
ҪһϵڣҲֵôƣֳͳΪӹǳԵ͵õֶΡ
ҶߵһȥϵˣС˵˼߻ϯԨ˵
Ҷȥɴڵĵطͷ·
ɴǸһ𱻷ֵġ
ڵ۹ʹõķɴһֻһҺͨС͵˷ɴ˻ķɴܹԽããǺִô
෢ɽڲķɴʱɴ󲿷ֻܶѾϻ޷ҲΪܹ뵽ɴڲ
֮Ĳǳ󣬼ʹ뵽ɴڲҲû취øϢֽҪԭǷɴ̨ˡ
ɴھƶڵλãǼʷɴʹõĶ͸ʴĽ㣬ȻµʴԵ޹⡣
͵ɣʣ·ҺϣάԼߡϯԨ˿ɴĽݣҶ˵
ҶʶȤЩܹܲ̽ġ
ϯԨǣϣάϷɴڽɴһ̣ϣά΢΢ء
кЩš
һʼϯԨԼ漣ˣػһĺ¿ɲ˭ϵġԽ˽׵ĴھԽɺô
ʱǰƽǰ
׵ĳٵʧ١Ȼ׼ʻķɴڵϣûúڷɴԷɴйݼ⣬֤ɴʱǧ굽һǰ
һǰ˻ѿڣڵ۹⿴ԭʼ˲ûʲôͬ
ΪʲôǸʱϣΪʲôڵϣһеһϯԨ￴
ʼܿЩʲôȴ޷һдһ𡭡ȱٵҪϢû취µȫò
ûһֿܣԼżȻһֱȻ
Ϊʲôô룿Ϊ֮ϵ̫ˣòԡ
Ԩ
ֻǣϣάƺЩʶĽг֡
û¡ϯԨعͼϣάָԼա
Ӷݵʧлǰɴڲռ䡣
ɴڲĿռ䲻ϯԨĿڿ̨ǰŽʱͣУ׾ϱֵġ
ϵ̬СʱòŵԭأԼĶһͽ˯ŵ˳ѡ
⵱ȻǲܵģǷȥ뷨ڽ״ӷɴ͵оںʧжı׼Ѿȥ
ɴڲĿѭϵͳ͸ϵͳãûʲôͬ
ϯԨϣάߵ̨ϣϾɵûмصķɴͺţʽ֪ڵķɴʲôͬ
һʱԳ˵Ƽµ֪ٴˣκɴΡڲöʹļʱڵĲͬ
ҡϣάϣǰ
ϯԨšһÿλãվһԿϣά
ȽĿƼȻܸȤӴʱޣһЩɨʷķɴͺŻûоڽϣάʡ
̨ϷֲŴ͸ɫťϣάϸֱ˺Բ
ƼһУǰͺ̭ˣڵķɴ̨ϻǻһЩϰǳϮ˹ȥơ
ԭΪ򲻿ϵͳϣάĲɫĻ𵯳һ֤档
ʹõǳ֡
ˣҪ֤ϣά˵ſȴһ
λøĵ淢仯һԼʮ׵ķ̨ڻ𣬽ƽ̨һԲΰۣ۵״СǾʮֵ졣
ϯԨԴ˺⣬ŸղŴóǰڰС
һ˲䣬һ⽫ס³
һâɢȥʢλϳµı仯³ֵİСָĳߴ硣
ϣά߹վ˵DNA֤
ĻַȻ任
Ҫܼ򵥣ֻҪǽָŵƽ̨ϵİУ֤ͨɴϵͳͻȫǴ򿪡
ϯԨȤ˵Щ˼
ֽ̧ʳָһڣָ΢ĴʹУѪҺ
һ룬Ρһɫָʾơ
ϣάҲԡ
ϯԨǶԽԤϣջֻ˼ϸ΢˿ڣϸֲˡƼӡ
ϣά˺ͬĶ淢ĳ͸ղһ
ȻЦζ϶еĳ²⡣
ϯԨѪѪǳмףϣάҮ˹ֱϵᣬ׳Ǹ塣
ν֤Ϊ֤ѪԵôͨˡ
֤ͨԳʺá
ϵͳʱ䣺һʮʮʮ룬ϡ
ϵͳԼϣɴٷ֮ʮ壬ԴӦʣʱСʱ
Դľϵͳִ׸µԻٳ򡣡
ָΪɸġȡ
ɴϵͳͬʱĻϵϵͳ˲档
ǳAIûڵȽΪ塣ϣά˵
ļԻڳˮƽҲܹƵ˹ܣܹæ飬ǵЩֻϵ˹ܱȵġ
Ҫֽ֪Ƚ˹ϵͳӴӷףڼͷӦԶϡء˵СôСķɴˡ
ȥܹƥг㼶˹ϵͳģֻ̫յĸ󽢶еĸķɴϳֻнźŵϵͳ
أִܹôϯԨûϵͳش𣬽˵򿪷ɴĹ־
¡
ϵͳĹ־Ļϴ򿪣ϯԨһʼĿһĿʮԼٶϷ
ЩûõݣֱȡԼҪݡ
ϺһŷԼľ֪ʲôʱ
ȻϣάȻ
ǰĵءϯԨЦһϣάԼߣԼȻҲܿ
ӹ־ȡϢǰ׵˽⣬һЩ鵫ɵĹ±㱻ƴ˳
˵Ǹ۳棬гλù֮۳棬Ȼİȥʱ⵹·췽ҹ̷¡
Ϊ˳еһУΪ˸һ
ЩЦΪһʵֲ˵ĿѰǺȴڵͣ˽Ų޷ټôҲǵġ
Ҳֲµ飬۴ӷɴ־ļ¼ܿƮǺʱ䲻̣Щطô붼̫Ծ
ΪѰһصȥȰµİ취̤;ѵֻΪ˸ԼһȥĿô
ǵĻ־ƵƵᵽǼô¡־ûᵽ͡йصݣⲿûԼûҵ
˼һأ־ᵽġǺˡ
£ʾƾ֤
ƾ֤ϯԨü
ʲô
ĻϳһͼƬ
ͼƬһΪĵ׹ϯԨ˲ԣһŶϣάԽԽȤˣֻ˳ϣû뵽
һﲻԼϣάһԼûǲǾû취һɺ϶ƺõģľ
һǰôõһ£ʵֹһɻ󣬻оϵĹ׹ƴ̫ģ
ϯԨȡŵɨǰɴԳƺļֶΡ
ɨɵһ̣ĻϵĻٱ䶯
һǰչ
ϯԨųֵһͫ׽һע⵽ĲݣϤд֮֡£ûע⵽ֱߵǺˡ
ôܣ
ϵͳһʱ䣬Ҳ˵һǰһǰüдţЦҲǲôġ
ãδŵˡ
дŵʱ֪᲻ᱻ˿ϣᱻûгɹҲΪҵִһš
սʧȥҪˣΪ̤Ѱҡϣĵ·뿪ǰ׼ȻáǺˡ˺֣ܶȴȻܱ֤ɹ
ϾԽʱʱ⵹ֻڻеڣҲȥš
ϯԨʱ̲ססᵽġȡǳǿͻսеĸǣƺֻڹȥʹá
ⲻص㣬ص˵ǴԽʱջʱ⵹ôܻ£ƺҲǲܡ
ģ͵׹˵ͷ˵͵Ƶ򣬵Ǽ֣ܲܵǰһ˫ֵ̥ܰɡ
ϯԨ侲һ󣬼ȥ
ҲȣΪļǵԼһڵǸˡǡǺˡҴһȫİϳСĺͯ
ǵģǺˡ
ôƺ
Ǻģʱһ硣
ڡ硯³ɳ롣
ʱҵľԽԽǿܹʹҲһɴݻٽӡ򡭡ЩҪҪһżȻ£ҽǺˡδ
ƾǿʵ͡ԤҽŷչȴҲ˺ҵİ
ҴӡǺˡԤ￴˳ɹĿԣ˴δĹΣҲδű򿪵Ļ棬ҲȷôδǷȷ·ϡ
ҲҳɹҲʧˣһҶٴʱ
ŵôҪģΪµӿȹĺֶΡ
ֻм̳ҵľӡˣܹʱ򽫾ѹӡռԾǨӡԾԤ꣬Ȼ;ɢȥںϣһҳ֮Ϊ
ϯԨԹǹ۾ӡԾǨµһЩãҮ˹û䶼ȥˡ
м俴ѿ׶Ү˹̬䵭
ϯԨԴûϸ뷨׼ǳʷĹйء
׵׿˶δǷԼһһǰͿˣšԺܴôһţ׵Ǹƻǳɹô
ϯԨ̾˿Ժ߰뷨ΣĿһֱ˵ϣάϡ
ϣάǿöĵģҲ˵ϵϣάĺ
Ǹôáϣά۾ûд濴ŭǾȾ֪ԼƲûϣά֪Լйϵ
ڳΪϯҵ۳ǰǰٽҲϯԨ
֪ϣάָһӵûǰ
ϣά۾ԼϯԨرȥս§ϣά
Ҳ⡣ϣάĶĴ˵ͷβϲϵϯԨ㣬ô
ϯԨǲֹȻ֪ϣάԼĸ飬ɱôֱӵıǺܸˡ

ϯԨǸжɣ뵽˾ˡ
յķɴڣ̨ǰӵӰӳĻϣǷϵһһʧ
Ȼûȥ⡣
ǿ÷Ƿϡ䱦Ĳ塮ǺˡһԣϯԨһֵעΪֻİˡ


159 
ϯԨ˯ѵʱЩ, пʶȥԼͬţȥ˸ա
۾˸Ƿ
ѹֻԼڴϣϣάôЩ֡
ϣά
û˵ͱˡ
һİϤ˭, Ϊʲôҵķ
ϯԨ̧ͷȥ, һ龪
ȵȣΪʲôź죬еԼϱš
ϯԨĬ, ԼΡ
ǲǻû, ȻôῴǰԼ
Ļǰšü㳤úЩ, ˭ġ
ϯԨϯԨŶԷ
ǡϯԨ˵˭
ϯԨΧĻ, ĻЩݼʱסļ, ͼеһģһ
Ӵ, Լ˯ʱ˯£ǰġϯԨ¶һЦݡ
, ҲϯԨ
ʹ, εĻֻһֿˡԼݵĳˡȥ, ҲһƵ硣
ЩҪ, ҪǺһ˯ϣάȥ, ûкԼһ硣
ڿЦ
ЦɲЦϯԨĦŴǣߵһԴ¹һװ, Լķ
һ·ģЩҲ֪
ֱӽ⿪˯¿Ӱ·ϣڵκ͹ȥ, Ҳʡ
, һİɡϯԨ˽ȥԼ, ûԼ鱨ǰԼǲ, ûӸղϯԨû˵ô
ȻͬԼ顣
ʮӺ

˽ͬ˵ܣ
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ΪӶԷе֪ЩԼԤϣϯԨǱȫͬ𺳵ˡ
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end2022.6.22



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