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1 
֪ԼǸˣû뵽ô׵һˡ
һ밮飬û뵽밮顣
ڴһ޵ĳУжͲˣ¶ҪǸڻ鶼ҪǸࡢɫ飡
Ȼûʲô뷨ɲ֮䣬;Ը̵ģֽģģǿڸġ
ǼϷӡ
̾ˡ

ǰ飡
סؿڡ
ϹȻûƭңԭӦʵڵġ
밮Ķ󣬾ǰȻԡϴˡ
˱֬˿٣뵣Χʮ㡣
ףף
̲סԼԭϲġ
׹ףԴΪܣЩ˷ܡ
ϾҲǰһ
Ҫǽ¶չ˵ģǰλͷһ
ѽѾ밮ˣ˵ûأ˵ʲôѽ˵Ŀɲǵļɫһ飬Ǹһעǻ
ǳģԶҲ׽͸ģİ飡
ֱҪԼİжˡ
ƺڸܵĶߣ˻תͷ
סؿڣЩŵ׼ӭעİ˵עĳ

˵¶˳
ͣһ˲

꣬׷鶼׷ǧꡣ
ǧǧ򣬷ټһ롣
񿴵ǰλӻǲؿ˿ǡ
ѩƤ
͹ģħļСǡ
Ũ˳ĽëϸСˮ顣
ѻĽëһ˫Һɫģ͸۾
˫۾徻ȺɽȪ簺ʯŷâǡ
ġ
ڷУ˵ס
Ա桭Գ˵
ԡλǸòŮӣһλεħɡ
ı鿪ʼֹѡ
ס࣬кŰֻһ©Ķڡ
һ࣬ȴ
Ժг쳣ݵĵ籩תۣͱӼᶨˡ

еôˣеľͲܺ밮

Ҫʹ
İҪηף
İҪͻ
ҪţҪҪңĴû취ȷ𰸣˵ĸܰɣ
üڵ㡭
ꡣĻ
Ȼ۾֣ԼƵʺմ˿̵¶ȡ
Ȼ
Ա𲢲ֹĻ࣬հͨӡ
ǰ顣
Ϸȴ꣬Ҫ׽ģ񣬺ҵͬԣ飡
رԼᶨİжˡ
ĳ̶ֳϿһηףͻʵֱԼģʵɡ
ţۿǰλ˫꣬дЦ⣬о̹Ȼ
ʲôֱ֣⣬²ʵˣл䣿
˵ʵ˿ûӳȥȫ΢̱ӡ
ʹȻǾκˣʹ˿Ȼǰӿ
ʹ۾ֱңʹȻͷԡ
ıԾǵġ
ƽ͵ۣ΢΢Ĵһǫѷ񣬳ȶׯľӡ
ʮйƻԣʶغͻ⣬ǳĬ˰Σˡ
ͷ˿ԱһЩסѪӿѪ˵¡
ʺѪ˳ˮЩü̶ˮ
˵꣬һԵ·׼ϰ
ǸĿⱻĶǣֿصǸԡұ⣬֪ʲôԲģҪɣ
궯һ٣
գգۣ̬ϲα
ֻǿſţ۾Ͳ˳һžӨˮĲ
¡ͻˡ
ǿ͸ˮҲˮ棬ʧ
׷ĿͷһףԭǰλİɲڿЦ
侲ڳɶһץס·ǰ׵Ķ˲Ѫһ죬ǻŷݺݼ֡
䡢̬
һ
δ
أԲ;ĶǵദٳɵĻϲԩʽİ飡
ΪԷᣬԼһɫѬĵı̬÷Ϊ괩·ϡ
⣬ĵߵԱߣΪ죬һԵͷϸĵΪϵϡ
ķ꼸ʮֹʹ÷һ̣һֻܶڲ
ۼŷϸָ䴩ϸϸΪϵòˡ
ҲǱ̬ϵã÷ȥϵˮպѪգĽ͵ֻǺϲ㣬䣬ΨһһҶĵˣһʱ֪˵ʲôãðʵڱǸ
ꣿ
֮ʮΪһ֡
˳̹ſٵҲ꣬ǰλɾȻѻꣿ
꿴ǰˮѪգؿڹðѪȴ⣬Ϲֵ΢Ц޿̽ͬٵİɣЦһ
ϡ䡢̬
ոľ߾ӷ緶ľٶûԷİ⣬Щɥ̾˿˵㿴ȥȷʵǱһЩϱ̬ǷЩˣꣿǧꣿŰꣿ
ʵڵɣֻҪһ궼ôˣȻ˴֮꣬Уûһ˸ҽɡ
ʮţҵĶʮ졣˵

ס
ʮţ
ڷ仹ڡ
׵δꡣ
ǰŵԶѾһˡ
ѵҲ͡
ͷͻȻӿһŨŨС

УҪеߡ
׷飬Ҳܵƿ
ĬĬطΪԷ֣ͷˡ
һ
ͣ
ͻҺܱǸȻպʮǵպ˳
ҧгݣ㻹Ҫ
һҵľģԼϲӲϵް⡣
ָ
Ҹ㽲һϱ̬
һĥŵһĥ˵
ҪǸҴסĹۣٶͷȻٰ룬ң̵ģ۸۸ҼСʯͷˣŪͲ࣡
ŭ˵һѣûõκλӦһתͷͼӹ׵İ黰
ʲôأ߹ȥǰ¡
Żع̧ͷɫЩãؿ󻱣󻱣ҵˡ
һ⻰£ļٵģϲ˭ˣҲϲ㲻
ͷ룬һǫ̵˵ĵһ仰ǹҵƣϲҲ
󻱺ٺһЦҪ϶Ƕ˼ѽаֵܣѧÿˣƭ
ҡҡͷǿƣҲǡ󻱲ǿҲǹһ뵽˼뱣أⲻôǰİҰѺѹסˣ׼ʱ¶ٺϲѶ
󻱲ŵʵǿɶѲˣ㣿ˣ
˵ͷҪ⡣
Դ
ǰʱ򣬺Ȼܽһɡ
лУ밮ͬġ
Ǿӷ죬ֽŷ֫飬һ׵Ժ
ָһ㣺ⲻѽ̫ˣƽܸˣʶʹԶˣҪʶעЩ鷴ӦҲˣզ
һ뵽ԼΪ´Լİ飬ʹض㣬׷Ī
Ȼ̷Լһ߸˵ܳȥѰԼİˡ
ճž˸ǰձʰޣ޼蹷һ˹һצӰѷؿһٲɽȥ
ˮһʱħ磬λĲѵԡˡ
һÿ㣬Ҫǻˣˣˮôã׼Ҫ÷纮
ûԴ˲ΪȻҾҲǻ£Ҫ⣬һôעİ飿
󻱿ıڿɵӣȻҡҡͷε̾һ
治ףզͻȻ˸ԡ
ҲһʼôԵġ
ǧǰűôԡ
ң뵱꣬ѽ飬֮Աǡ
ӣɻ飬Ϊ
ѵүϽҶҲʯԴ˲мһˡ
ֱ󻱵СŮһаСؽзүүһСʯͷžһķѡ
үү
֣׵Ĵķѵġ
үү̧ͷ䡣
ԭɽ˿ڲϵĴ󱳾֮£ͥĸ״ƳŻߣɿʼģϡźȿͷͨ
ŷ֣ͥɣһĵѾ޼
ļλѣҲѱͥǣסֽţȲɽˮֲܺһ
ǣεӰֻع˺óһʱ䣬ڸоеζˡ
ĳĵĻƵգڴ죬ȢıУȻסǹ¶˼įˣҸԼˡ
ȻЩ֮⣬һЩ΢ģֵһԭ
֣֮ܶǧһ仰
ңҪ̸
̸̸ģӼ꼸عͥδһһ٣ûһϲġ
ֹ˼꣬԰ѷΧֱӷſ˽硣
Ϊˣӧ·١
ţҪ˼ϸʵģٰŮɾС
˵һ׮̸
ɷ·ĻأػضǸɷǵδζǸĽ֡
ţҪʵģ˵ʲô˷ˣħ֣ˣ֮£ϲ̵ذȢؼҡ
ûС
׷ǧ꣬ʯٳٶġ
˻˼ˣʲôöûʲôóԵûԹ϶״̬ˡ
̸ϣνĴڡ
ԽûʲôҪģԽ̸
ԽǶģԽġ
ͷҰݷ賤˷ԡ


2 
תۣ֮ħ磬̶ߡ
ֻǡˮ̶ôеԾ
ǱըƵġ
ɲãˮ̶ƽƽ棬ǴӴԺĶ֮ˣɲܱ
ţ̾ʩˮ̶ָԭˣˮ̶߿һȦСš
һУͿһԵĴ£˵ĵ
ճȵ䣬ȵգۣûȵĵ
źȻʶһΪ⣺
֪֮⣬Դһ֪
ңν֮ԼƺҲֻһԸͲٿ
ʱ껹ŭ̬һɵӿ
̾˿һþ޴滨Ȼغȵ˰ƿ滨ơ
ˣɫѰɡ
ӵƿ滨ƣҡҡλεؾվӣ׼뿪
ʱһ֧ڤͻȻƿֱֱ
һڿն𣬿һҲ˴룡

֧һɣֻһ죬ǿ˲ȼ
Ҫյ°ڣ
𾪣һ֧ն
ħ籾֦Ҷï֣ʵǲʰ̶֧ͣˮ֮ϣ÷ΪԼ˸֣ʣ˭͵Ϯң
ƺҲ󱲣˵̹شһøߴ
һۣ°ڴߣͷûĽ˷ɫڤ
λ˼ĺɡ
ȻûƭԼһװ磬ֱӴӳܳġ
һӳ촽մ˼Ѫ΢ȴ˶һ䡣
Ȼˣ߰ɣ
䣬ִӱóѽһֱֱسŷ˹ȥ
Խƽļ͵һʱҪųһ亹
亹ΪԼģΪġ
ɷĽ֣ͨķܣܷĹ
һ뵽꼴ҪԼļɳɴ⬣ʱһŵòУ
ֲջأϽ𼱻ǵش˳æһ֦Ѿ˳ȥ
갲ȻһҺá
üڸʲô
Ĩ˰ͷϵĺЦ˵˵Һû˵㣬Ҫ䵽ϣ͸ˡ
⻰ǵ˿飬ɫһЩʵģģ
ƺ⹭Էû̫̾ͳһŷ˹ȥ
п಻Ǵ˵˲Ѵŵĸ߼СôôҪĶ
˵ķö࣬ôҲܲסĸ߼˵ⳡսУԼֻ꣬زҪԼԼ
ûһͰѷľƣ
ˣˡæ֣ܾܲú̸̸ҵĶѽڣ
ǣЦһ̸ɣ
˵ţһѶ˹
̾˿ɻûվȣһھ͵ļϣ
ž֦ţֱͦͦصڵϣ
һ£ǰȥ
ǰλɲۣҲһߺѪ
ӣ̽̽Ϣ
ˡ
겻ŵԲۡ
ôܣ
ôô׾ˣ
Ƿϵȷжɾ̱ľ綾
ȷʵǸرԸ񣬿ȻҲҪ˵
Ȼڿ˵ҪҲֻΪ˷йԼŭ𣬲ŻŻɰˡ
ԭȵļƻֻҪԼܹħ磬Լʤˡ
ôᡭôˣ
ȻһӰ͵سԼĵǹӰȥ
һֱӶˡ
ɵġǡˡ
͸˫ֳŵأЩѵشӡʬ塱˳
͸ڵϣЦôˣܺú̸̸˰ɣ
ѵʵʲô
˿ԼȻں˵ŶǼǧǰڤ͸ҵһ˵һģһող˵ˣ͸Һú̸̸͵˰ɣú̸̸
꣺
սеĵ
̾˿ʵôһȷʵͦĵġ˵ҵĶѽʲôûѽԩ
ĥϷŪҡ
ֱоԼҪԩˣʲôʱϷŪˣô֪Ҿǵϲ㣬ͽϷŪǲǿͬ㣿ĺϲ㣬һ˺üˣһǵһôϲһˣҿһ˲ҾĶˣҾעǸˡ
죡߳ŭֽǸǵĲ
̲ס˶ӣš
꣺
Ҫɵˡ
һתӽǰѳڷʬ塱Ĳϣҧгݵ˵ҪϽҾͻ⸱һ
ԭͬգգۡ

ġ
ˣշǺܷѾġ
ϽصԼС

ǰѳǰһ룬ȻʧӰ١
棬𳾻ҡ
ɵɢȥ֮ʱƾճһƬҶ
ķҶ˲üɱ׼Σһּ
Բ㲻ˣĲǹġ´ټŶ㡣
һ֪ǷŭյĻ𣬽նյͨ졣
飡
һȭڵϣǿҶͷҶµƬضҽһӣ
ɽǷ壬
ϣ⿪Լ·һɫСƿڼҩ
˻˻Щȥ
Ϊ˿ۣǷۡ
ƿҩϺñһǧǧβôһСƿ
ΪͿĶ֣Ųá
ߵߵ
űߵصͷ·ֱͦض鰸ǰų
űƿǷĴӳأͷһ᣺ʦЩͨԵ
ᣬüħôôˣ
ص״ħ翪رγ̣Ǵȥˡ
ǰ˵Ҳ˸ðʦˣΪصħ翪ɡ
ƲƲ죬ʵǲ̫̳ܽʲôӵġ
˴ܻС飿вС
ûȡ
˵ʵҲãʦ𲻼壬ѧӣѾڸˡ
еľᣬ΢΢ۣȴŶҵ֪˵˵ôڸˣ
ʦɽ񣬱öɽӣڤĵҲͰˣʦЩ껹չôħӣʵʦݡ
ۣ˼ǣħ֮˶֮𣿡
һæ򵽵ϣʦҲ˼ֻ˾Ͷ֪֮ħΪµȡ
ֻ֪ƽȡ
촽䶯һ£˵ˡ
Ⱦһ̾ϢأôǲֻŽǷָƷԣ
֪Լ˵˻ͷʦ𣬵ȥ˼
ٳ顶ľ
أǣˡ
ȵȣסԵĿݸ֪ȥ𣿡
Ѿһһ֪ˡضһ£΢˸ժм
Уȥɡ˻֡
һת뿪ˡ
ߺ󣬷Ъһյ󻱵ļӼţһʯ㣡
ʯǹɽزĥɵҩޱȣ̻ҲǾƯġ
ʯ˹ȥһ֣Ҫ̻𣿡
ƺĺܼ˺ôŷ˻š
֪СʯͷҪ
СʯͷӵС
ƲƲ죺ûˣҪǰӰĸ֡
ӡ
ǳԲǴ򣬸ո˿ڷҩڶһϲ̵ܵħȥѰСȥˡ
ؿûɵ̶ˮߴȵڡ
ϻ뿪֮ǰ˸ۣһƵ㡣
ͣ죬֮ϴҲ׷Ѱ
ᳵ·ٴιħ磬Ȼų׼õ׷
ţСظǰˡ
Լ˰ʱͣħ縴ɽһСľԡ
ɽǸСɽƶͣɽҲֻһľݣ¸塣
СľݴֲֵǽڣЩɬû뵽Сࡣ
㾹Ȼҵ
Ϥģ
Цתͷ££Ķġ
û˵꣬һںСԲӭ
ʶ׽ס
ֻɫأﻹ΢΢ȡ
ã
ը
̽ӵɽ£ɻûδ±ͻͻͻرը
飡
䣡
¡¡
ըϵɽһں֮
뵽ըСȴû뵽ը
ɽըһ룡
ֱɽزʯˣ
ʹݣȴǱ꼰ˡ
֮ɢȥ
ڶϱڲл֮Уըûڣڣͷң֫΢
һֻڷҵĴѻ
ѾǲϴôǱʲôʱˡ
Ա߽ڵɣ³һںڻңΡΡؿ꣬Ŀ⼸ǲţңҪըԼļң
Ӹµؿ΢΢һƶӵøС
û˿ٸǣҪˣɾûҷˡ

Сӱһ衣
û̸ˣ


3 
ƺгƮȥ
ֱһɢȥǸɸɾġ
ĿߣٸҳǰһΣըһΣҵըӲ
һ֣ó׵ס
һǽ˼ңоĹͷըˡ
ҲҿǷҪǻѰСɣƹͷƤͷּˡ
̾˿Ƶſϡ
ôҲ벻ף˴
ڴ׷飬Ϊİ֮·᫼ѣ
˵Ů²ɣֻҪ֮Ժ㣬ܻн
ɷȴãҪټȥܻһ졣

ѣ
˵ڴϷ˸
ž
ͷ͵ؿĵǽϡ
һྣĵ÷һĵȻͷڡ
˵Ů²ɣϲλǸеѽ

ȻҪ߶·ͱȻҪͨİͬ
뵽̾־ҲˣͷҲˣĹͷҲˣ̾˸裬·²ܵݡ족ˣ
ɴ󶼱أڲ˴Ҳûҵô̶̸鼮
Һã򲻸ˣ찵ʱ򣬷ĳҵ˼ǰûյģһλŮӵĻ磬ġ
ĶȻڲͬҹĽüȣѪڣһʰ
̫ʱ򣬷ĬĬغⱾ顣
оо̾ӵ˷
֪Ϊʲôħˣ
ΪͬԵİΪײݣС£ų⣬ҲӦõġ
ȴڳʱ˵룬ⲻǴ¸ң޴çײְԼƵԽԽԶ
񻭱һ
ԭӦòΪӪȴһһӽɣǻȡΣǳΪˣǵĸµһˣǿʼ˫򱼸ˣ鲻ˣ¸ҸףܽԷһ£
ȻѾȫ
ôٱ丱壬½ӽǣ
ʲôؿѽ
һ̧ͷ죬Խʣá
ǣҪʲôأ
ٴܵɽ͵͵ꡣ
Ưħ¸Ƿӣû÷ͨķһŹߣľ׮Խľݡ
ȵ̫ͷˮ˳ջ벱
˲һߵľ졣
Ȼ;ЩԲ꣬Ͼ̫ӣҲըԼķӡ
۲˴죬ħȻĮɶһЩȴúܡ
һֻССĺཬ֮УҲæеĹߣ𣬲÷ϵࡣ
ֻƯģɫĺչĳƷȥ꿴ıӰﲻӯЦ⡣
Цݺᡣ
ĶҪˡ
һ֮һֻһģһɫȻǶߵķһĻ

ת˲֮䣬ֻȻͱһʮ߰ꡣ
ƺǳǾϸĺǡ
Խ׿
½ǣнӯ᣺ħʹ磬ҵˡ
һ£һӵгԼ·ǡոյཬĺ
˵ǵģʮǰҲ
Щ
ͷҲǵˣʮǰһһֻëë棬һСޣ꣬ȸңҷŻϣʮ꣬ҵ
ĬΣҸ
̧ͷЩħʹ磬ģ
꣺
ô˵أеġ
꣬ͬ٣Լˣδ˭й硣
û취ѽϾôдģٶҲűȥ
ˣ²ţز˲ᣬۼеĴ
꣺ҲҪ
ħʹ磬һУ˵ľ֮һҪģ˶޷ˣϵĴǣΪûбĶû취ջȥħʹ磬һҪҸ㱨ѽ
ίܱħʹеθ
µĺֹһô˵ʵħʹ磬ʲôְ
žͺáһ£üӸ硣
õˣ
̸˵ػش˵ãҽСҵͺã
Ƿ͸¶Լ˵֡
֮⡣
֮УΪ
ţҲòõġ
изóŹס

ųĬ˰ΣһǽСɣô
ҷޣֻܸԣʲôʲôڸǷɡ
˵꣬һԵĸͷ
׼ŶԼվ顣
ſһֻۣڸǷӣ֪֮Ҫȥ
ȥĶҶ㡣˵С
Ҫȥɷ档
ϵĶһ¡
Цһˣ
תţɫ˵ɷΣҪ޵Ҳȥ
һ£֪ɷʲôط𣿡
ɽصأΪΣ֮ԣħ֮
ţȻ֪Ҫһȥ
գգۣҵȵģȻȥȥ
ţģȥ˶ԣ˵ġ
һħ
ȥ˻ᱻ
ҲˡŵǴԶеɷ֣еħȥġ
ȷʵеħȥ
Ļᡣ
ʷǷҲŶʮꡣ
ĲʵȻɷôΣգȥʲô
ţȡݹ
ݹϺõֻڶɷڣи޿أǧȥȡҲҪ
ݹȻǺöðժȡ
ħҪǹӸʲô
ܲ԰ɣ
Ƿʣȡǹʲôã
ϵĶһ£̧ͷգ
ʦ
ǳɫͫ׵ӳƣ峺
ǣǳǳĻȣƺڴ
ɷȴûôá
ʦ
λʦ˴յӣȥ
üʵ˭Ϊʦ˵ֻȡݹſΪ𣿡
۾㻰ôôࣿҪߣ˵
鲻Ըر졣
ſһۣΪرһҺɡ

Լ֪˵Ǹ˭


4 
һɻǿ죬ûһСľݾ͸Ǻˡ
̫Ҳʱɽ
ɷ̫ɽɢһҲҪڵպ̵ԭ
Ÿ磬Ǹóˡ
ţ˵㲻ýҸ磬ȻʮǰӦǲġ
˵вУֱ
ſһۣеΣˣ㡣
ǷҪŸ磬ֲֻרҵϷģУǻԼ˿̵ݣذŵԼСδ¶ڡ
ֻƺԼ΢ע㡣
Ϸá
ŵĴͷÿ
ûһ˱㵽Ķɷ塣
Ŵһƿﵹ˶Ľ𵤣˵ԼƵģҲܵ
һţԥ
Щ⣬ǰ׵ĵҩδԹ㲻ж𣿡
תͷһۣЦаŸĶжСҲ֮¡
ţ
ſŵİĲϳӯĪϸ֪һĨϤС
ǽȥɡ
׼һкſɽ壬סеĳ
תͷ
궨ؿǰ˫Ưȴ۾ҫδ֪򣬻ÿһƤڽš
ڽš
ҲǣŶʮꡣ
ֱƺЩο
ɵƫͷʱ򣬷ȴ̵˵
Һ¡
գգۣ˫۾һЩ
δ˦ס˷֣
¡
ô˵أ
ǣֵһ̣ɻʱҪʲô·ˡ
Ȼαһ߱ĸ֪Ҳ޴ӵ֪Ľ𵤶û赲Ч
ȴܿһһ
ߵԽԽɫԽԽ㱣ԽԽ΢ȴԽԽʪ
Ǵ˿̻ԵҲˡ
ô͵͵Щֽš
ƫ
ҧźһһѵǰߡ
ǰѳصĵʱʱͻһԼĺͱ䣬ʹԴʹԼѡ
ʵţǹôҪ𣿡
ѾʼˣǡܰʦµġΨһ취
ֱ⣬һҪݹѶȵġʦʲôʸӵϵͽ
еŵ޴ִ
أ
ţǱǡûʸ񡭡Ϊʦġӡ
˵գ˶첲ƺ׼Լһ
ʵǿȥˣһƾ
ھʣˡ
¶ż򵥣ʵеѰġ
ҪֱӽŴ͵ȿڣŵĻɡ
ҪǽŴͻؼңɵСֻ
ǾֻС
۽ɫĻ
ʲôİҪ
ʱ򣬼ֱԼ۾
ʹ͵ڴ˿̾ȻʧӰ٣ɷͬˮϴһո¡
̧ͷϵºԶĻݣ
СѣŽԻ˯ĵ
ǵã۾ֻۣĴǴţƺҲ֪﷢ʲô
ʣεñ֪ôʧ𣿡
ڷӦ˹ôûˣ
Ÿ磡ûǸϽȥȰɣ˵;ˣ
һ룬ƺҲ˵еҲ׷ôƾʧģǰˡ
û˺ܿ˷ȡ
ֻһȣžסˡ
ޡ˯ˡ
ֹ˯ˣֱ졣
ҲװһϲģŸ磬ãϽȥȡӰɣ
ŶáŴ˵
ƹ˯еޣͨ˷ȡ
֮󣬷ü
ɢɽϵ޵˯Ѩȴû뵽ھҲǻء
ڣǸʵʵš
һȥд˿ĽĶѨޱȡ
Ȼһ·˳˲߳ʧڵʰ˰ʯӾͻ˻ҽ÷̾޲̽Լ¡
ˣǲԼˣ÷ͷ۵ˣҪʦɲ뱻˴ż
ȻΪӵͷﻹǲظ˿СִȰ
ڽ
һ̵󷨣Ҫս´ӡ
źԥ˵塣
ýʶԷ壬ޱȣ̫أʺϴ˾֡
ʤ֮תͷû뵽㻹
Цæ֣˵ģҷϲõ
ųĬ˰Σʦĵõúܺá

Ǹʦ
ˡ
Ͼ˵õҳƵڶû˸ҳƵһ
תͷĲأƺЩ󣺡û뵽ݹȻҪôر
۾ǰҲЩرĲݹ
ʲô
ָǰ
˳ָȥ
ǰŽӲӵм䣬ȴһʯ̵Բ̨
ǿŰԲ̨ϣһںģƵʯͷ
ţʲô
ö
ڼֱֱ˹ȥ
ſ˷һۣժ˸ݹСȻŸ˹ȥ
ſںĶһĪʯͷһĺڶʲôã
գգۣȻôصĵطţȻкô
֪ⶫô𣿡
Բˣ
ʵʯͷն꣬һϹŵʹõķһ־мء
ɺϵǣ⡶־ǹ±Ψһһڷ鷿
Ҳǡնꡱԭ򡪡Ϊ˲á
ûǱ飬Ҳ֪ն÷
ϾϵµʯͷֻҪһ֪书Ч÷

Թֶ˭õ־˭ġ
¶ܽ͵
Żȱһֵı
ǰѳʵǲʺ
˷նĵһۣ;Ҫ͸š
֪ⶫʵ÷װģô˼£ذ׻һÿʮֵ΢׾ӵ̽ĸء
̾˿װ޼ƿʩ˵ţҪԹŷɣεѪ
ſһۣû˵ʲôɴذ׻֣ЩѪʯͷϡ
ʯͷûʲôӦ
װ˼Ƭ̣ҲΪҪд֣
˵գָպȡǵѪںɫʯͷȵд֡
š
ŶʯͷѪֿã÷Щëôдˣ
ǡŶһ£ƿĿ⣬ʯͷûӦ
һɡӻͳһһ£סŵߣȲһϵѪ
ŵͷѪʱ򣬷ַɿŵѪԱ߻һ䡣
ת˲֮䣬ɫʯͷ̱һɺ
ۣȵغȻУ
Ҳ̧ͷ
ǹɺ㣬γһָΪĿɫ
̫Ĺ⡣
һһظʴźɫʯ飬ֱȫû
һ룬رϸ䳤Ȼ䵭
ȹӰȫʧʱ̨Ѿһոµĺڽ𳤽
Ȼǽ
Ĵ΢΢
նʵһ̶ı֮Ը˵ʣʺʹõı
ʺնն꽣
ˡ˵
ָϽֱʮֺÿ޳𪣬սڽɫĽֱϹԵԵվ
Ȼʺս̲ס޵
Ŵۣؽʡ
ৡ
ʵڰĹԵ÷ԣκ˶ܸܵѽ׵ʸС
̲סۣܸܵϵļƤ
ԭȻǺý
۵ʱ򣬱Ľۡ
΢΢ƫͷĿʱһ۱㿴⽣д̽С֡
ն꽣
ն꽣֣׽͸
ն꽣ն𣿡ſվӰɫͫҲðǰӿƽҹ
ɷδͻգֻǿǰѽ˵Ц˵Ӧܰɣܳ㡣
𣿡˹ؿڣҪԣ
аԣתͷѰҺʵʲôأǿ
ৡ
һƿ
һȻֹ
ŵصͷԼϵն꽣
ţЦʲôأ˵ġ
ֵĽŷĲڿտĹԵø䣺
ɣȻôҲεޣն꽣ɱ𣿡


5 

Сɡ
Ҳˡ
ʲôʱ֪ģ
俴ոճֵʱҾЩˣмҲ¶ţȷڸոдֵʱ򡣱ϾּǴµķҶϵּһģһ
Ҷɷ裬Ծľ߸Ե֣ѾΪĿּ
û֮һ
ˡ
Ĭ˰ΣʵǸտʼôҵģҾݵûͦõġ
üΪҴСëë棬ףҲȥ
ëë棡
ֶһ£ĲӾ৵سһ˿ڣ
ţ

ҧŻң
˼ָָԼϵ˿ڣ̯̯֣Ѿܵͷˣ۵ġ
ɴҲٴֱӾͱΪ˱ò
ſݵһֲ̣һ¡
ŵ÷ϽԱŲŲֶԼ
Ǻ֮ǵʵ㵽ʲôĿģΪҪһδβֶεؽӽң
Լֱ޹ʲôĿģҲϲ㣬
죡
ƲƲ죬˵ˡ
ٴýϷĺƵˣ󱳽סʯڲա
ŵ֣ΡΡ˵⽣ˡ
ЦôΪҲɱ㣿
ҡ۾㲻ᡣ
ۣƾʲôҲ᣿
Ϊ֪Ȼƭ㣬Ҳ㣬ոҲ˵ˣɢģҲŪεġ
ųĬΣŵڵˣ
̾һһַⱯȻ˽ɽ磬ӦҲ֪ɢõġһڿҿ̤̤ʵʵطɣΪ㣬ɽΥˣȴҵģ֪ʲôͷءܲá𱨰ɣ
˵꣬ͷ̾Ϣ͸ָ͵͵ı顣
ֻǴŴţһСű˸š
Ͻסۣһ̾
Ȼ΢ƺ׼еĳ
Ƶóѣһ
һ̣üһ裬˸Ƕȣǰ˽ȥ
ৣ
ǰжһԵʯϣĦʯ˵սľ
۳˻һ
СôôϲŻˣ
ô
ڱԼոëëŻ
ŷſ֣ն꽣ʯ졣
һۿŷ˵ϷŪңҲըƭңȴְңӴԺǱŹţ··Թ壬ٸҶ㣡
˵꣬תӣͷҲصˡ
˿ţֿ˿Ľææغն꽣ûأ
ĶҾöġ
䣬˵Ļȴִġ
Ŷ
תͷ࣬Ⲽ߷ն꽣ۣ򴽡
ͻȻ;ãһѹ
֣ؽǰѽ˳ͷ̵ǰߡ
ء
ͻȻһ޴˻쳹ɽȣ
ɫһ𣬻æȿڱȥ
ˣ޼ȻΪػնضڣǶն꣬޶Ӧ
ϹȥʱÿצӽץŵһֻȣѪ죬Ҫݺݵҧ
šüеն꽣ע͵˹ȥ
ɲ֮䣬ӿرɫ
Я쫷ս춯أƽɽ
ֲޱȵն꽣Χն꽣һͬӿ£޵ͷ­
޵ͷ๾ҵϡ
ֻ͹ģȭͷСģĿ۾ȴԼӿѪǡ
͸ˡת˲֮䡣
ŻһŲ԰׵籩롣
𣬱ڵըý֣֮Ϊϱ̬ɣ쫷֮С
ûյЦѪӿͷ­΢üͷ
ϵıǳת˲ŵġ
Įƺˡ
ɫĮȾѪɽޡ
Ÿеİȴһ˵Ϥ
쫷ɢȥȾѪҲȴн䵽ԡ
޽Ӳצӣŵ¶˳
ˣ𣿡
û¡
Żعƿ֡
Լȴƺ̫ãֻ÷޵ʬ壬վ
ųĬһȻҸոն˵ֻôԸң
۾ЦԭҲ֪˵ֻġ
ƫͷƺ˵
һ룬ͺȻһѱƵһԵ¡
ţʲô
ˣˣͨǲõġ֣ӻóһɫСƿ
ܡ˵꣬׼ǿ뿪
Ҿȵģҹܡ
öŶסǿӲؽԭأ˺˻Ĳϡ
ۣ㣡
Ĵȣգգۣܴؿ޵ĴȺð׺۰滨һ
˵꣬;ԴЩˡ
Ȼһ̧ͷͼûƺҪŭ
æס죬Լ
ǸǸûð˼ϽǸȻϸµؽҩͿĨŵ˻
ţ
ź޺޵رۣôһ˲䣬Լ޵צˡ
ҩܹġ۵ذĿƿţһҪ㿵
˵꣬źŽ˶
ĥĥζӳ£ֱ֪ԼǸǸл
վӣţܱǸһƭ㣬ҽһ£ҡ
ҶʲôʲôˣһȤûСü¸䣬Ȼң㣬ٿ㡣Ҫʲôֱ˵ǣһỹĶ顣
Ŷһ£΢΢Ʋ˵ҪΪһҪһĶ飬ǲҲһ
ѽˡ౻ҧһȰˡ
ҧҧȴ֪η
Ŀ⻺Ƶŵϣݹ
һؽеĹӱ󣺡ܸ㡣
֪ҪҪʦȷʦȡݹȷĻҾ㻹ؿһΪãݹֶȻϡժȡʵǹΣգûȥժ˶ŵӵĿҿʦҪôǿ㣬ôȰ㣬ҪôĳҪô˵ƶʲôö
ˣ˰ʦ˵ˣαҪܾ
üҪݹȻĵҪ𡣡


ǣЦ
ңʦ֮ף˭ѽң
ֱҪЦˣȻô˭ʲô֣˵
ſһۣĮҸʲôδʦż𣿡
û˼
ôһ˵е˼ˡ
ǧѰţǧֻάζ
Ժ˭ʦųħ磬֮شôѽ
úúô֮еλʦݹѡȡõӵġ
Ĵ̡
Щͷؿŷڵ㵽Ҫʲôꣿ˵Ҫˡ
һ£Ȼ˵ҪӦ¡
ţ£
ӻóһָ
ǽָɹͭ£һżƯɫʯģޱȡ
ָݸţɫ棺һ£ϣöָ
̺һɫЩŹ֣ʲô
ʶָڷƺż⺬塣
æǣˣҲҪ飬ֻЯöָöָϵıʯںأԺֿҪɥֻҪ£Ҿͻ̳ԡ
ɫ΢ȡı𣿡
˵ͷǡ
ţΪʲô
ЦҲѽҪ϶Ը⣬ҪǿҼϼ棬Ҳᷳʤţ֪ңټңǲܵġҼȻϲ㣬;Բ׷㣬Ȼںңδ˭˵׼أǧ꼸֮˵仯ˣһеǡûš
ԣöܾĽָȡõıꡣ
ſеĽָаٸн
˵Բ׷Լʱȷʵʶӿһ֮УȴøΪһЩ
еķе񣬻е㡭δĺ¡
ϱ̬ԣǧ֮Ļòϱ̬á
ܣܣ¾Բܷ
¶Ͷģ
ţҼֲָأ
Ц޹޺ûʲôֻǻһʧŵСˣңҵķϢ¸жѣȻһػôҵģ
ɫ̾ͱѿ
ҪöָҿԱ֤һ֮ڶȥ㡣
ϾϾҪѧˣδһ·Ӧûǳæ
һǰѽָ
֪ˣڶأ
óǰն꽣ݸţڶ£ϣѽ
Ŷŷһ̲סʵһ£Ҫ±Ľָڶ£Ҫն꽣Ǵ𣿡
ˡ˳ڽӵ
ţ
ҲԼЩ飬ҷҪѽ㣬ѪѾĽˡոҲΪһ˷ʱãѽֻһѷͭѽֻն꽣ҪţҪ
һ£˵֪㲻ҵĶöģն꽣ҵģġֻǰն꽣ǲϲ㣬ʽҲܻɹ
ſɴµĽëȻոڷڣһ仰þõļž
ȻЩķˡ
ųĬƬ̣²𣿡
Ͽһش𣺡Уеѣһġ
ţ
ĬĬӹȻ˵ڿԹ𣿡
ȻҲգüȾϵЦһºСš
պ󣬹ɽǷ塣
еݹ
һѧڼ
˭أһѾժʮˣʲôгİɣϸһ
ǰһ
ѧ㿴֮㶣ȻһԼ΢촽ʶһԼȹСȹӣʵšСʦܣĹأ
ĬĬؽеĹӷŵϣ˼顣
ѧ㿴ݹ˶סˡ
һֵʦ˹أô˵ˡȥ寃寃ݹ
üΪλôķӦ
ʱĸʦ㣬ʦȫ˹
һʵΪʲôӣ
ʲô𣿡ʵǰշĸϾдݹ
˵ţѿڴһɫľ˳
ʦʦӴһȻĬƬ̡
İ˵Ҫݹ
Ŷˣʦȷʵ˵ħĿе⡭
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ѶȻħ˽ˣ˵ħ翪˿ôȥ
ʦأ
ھء
˰죬ŵ
ԭ˵ĻȻǶԵġ
ȡݹ˵ȷΪ˹Ϊ
ֻ˲𣬶Ĵӡ
͹ˡ
ֻҪá
̧ͷʦ㣬ƽʵʣĸԿʲô
ԥһ£µ˵Се
ժȡеժȡݹ֮ѶȣԼ˰˰ٸ߼
û˵
ԼˣС˵ǸʵֿѶǸݿʵģҲһЩЩ࡭
˵˰죬Լ˵ȥˣµأϽСʦܴϣ
Сʦܡ﹧ؽݵƵݸţӭɣΪ28056ǰתΪ㰲ᡣ
ллŽӹƣͷʦš
һȴֲס΢Ľš
ڳΪĵˡ
ĳ˺΢΢ġ
ȴ˱ȺǱ̫Ҫҫ۵ģڴЦ
ɽ缸еʦ
ɷ𡪡
ԸԶŵģ޷󼰵


6 
Сʯͷôôңܵˣʣ԰񶼾ˣȫ˶֪Ϊſѧãôȥ˵ͽˣôĵˣ
ϰΪȻţһྐྵӣһ˼Լ¡
˵СʯͷȥĶݺᣬʲôĵ˵ʦɣҪѧ˿ô찡
ͻȻսһصؿ󻱡
󻱻ΪҪ֧У̾ɫʵľҪӦ𣿡
һ£
ӵеĹӣڵֱĴȣҵʱôġӦȻôõĻᣡпӰңװʲôӣº˰ɣҲҲţϵҲϵϣ̸ʲôѽ̸
ⶼˣôҲǸݹΪյӿȱ¡ʦ𡱵Ϣ
Сŵױյȥˣ
󻱣Ҹո˵Ļһ䶼ûȥǰɣ
ӣƳһۣ˶ˣ䶼ˣ󻱣ܱܲôӣŮӵģвУ
󻱣ʲô°
һ뵽ǾͲֿЦ飡
󻱣
׼ԣ˵˵ɣλչôˣ
룬ǫ˵͵Ľָ
𾪲ѣϷҪˣ
Ȼ΢ЦϹӭǸЦͷ˵ָֽ䣬ָΪϾСʲô⡣
תת˵֪֪仹и⹦ܰ
ԴǰڤõǶԽָ֮ûóù²ʵʲôܰ
Уֻһħ𣿡ʵ
ԵԲʦͷšϾݹժ
ŵͷԼơ
Ϸŷʦš
ţڶʮ˽죬ʮţ󡣡
ŴۣЩڡ
֪ħֻһˣҲطĸԼˡ
Ļֻܺʦֿͬһϡ
ԽԽڣ޲ð桰Լı
ΪħΨһļ̳ˣΪûѧþѾѸµġ洫ӡ
Ϊ˱ⲻҪ鷳ɽʱ򣬾͸Լ󡱣ȥԼ־ԵĻҺͶǼǡ
յûʲôر
ֻħ֮УֻйŻб־ԵħǣŻɫĹ壬ħ֮Уֻһ
Ҳǡϱ̬ħ粻̫˽⣬ǻħˣĵһ̵ۣ֪ݡ
ԲʦһһҽܵҽپãʦĵʮŵӣԽʮʦ֣پʦҲСˣǰ԰ˣ԰ͦģҲʱʦҲЪϢ
۾һʦ𾭳԰ϲʲôʱ
پãʦ𲻳ģҲûй̶ʱΡ
һ¸ĴĶѾʼЩðˣؿپţʵҡʲôܼʦ𣿡
پãĻŵӣʦӦþܼɣô
׼˵Ȼһֵ˹
ιõ𡭡⵽׹ܲðôôסιιι
پգգ۾ָָŵĴǲǴʲôķ
һ£ͷڴòҵöӵɫָ
Żǵһμ˵Ľָü̯
ȻԤУ̽Եʵ˭
Ǳߵ̼ۣУעİˣ˵ֻԵõʹعܣСҰ㣡
ţ
Ǳߵ͸ָЩʧ棬Ǹеġ
Աپһ𾪵ı飬żֱ޲˳ŽָȥѶǸɸŪ
ǸСʦܡ㡭ģȥ߿յĻ
˵һ·С鲽ǰˡ
ҧҧ촽ָҧгݵ˵̬Ҽ㣡
˵꣬ͽɫָݺݵӵһԵˮ
ƽĺ˲伤һ
ŻδƬ̣ͺȻһ˵Ķ
̯һֱҪ
ոձӵˮɫָ˿ö˶˵մˮ
˵ģٴδӽָ𣺡ǲǰѽָӵˮˣ˸㣬ָǻԶ󶨵ģ㶪
ϱ̬˶٣ȻȣǸոǲˣԲ𰡡´λעġ
ŭ˵죡û´ˣ
żˣʩڤ֮뽫ָڵ
ɰȥˣָȻ
ա
ϱ̬Ҳûٴο˵һָֽӵ̧ǰˡ
Ÿչչ䣬Ϳپʦ֣ʦ㣬ԼһڲʶʦĿ˸ؿ
ɫ侲ʦʦ֮ʵʦ֣ʦ㣬Ϊʲôڴ˵أ
پõŶոʦڻ԰ҵȲǰ߶š
඼ˣ̿첽ǰʦ𣿣ʦ𣿣ʦھڻ԰𣿡
پæڰ֣ˣˣѾˣӰûˣš
Ѿˡ
ŵĻ
ţһ֮ǻ
ǣϱ̬ȻɧҲڼʦ𡭡
Ŵͷսȭǽڿ
ƺûзŵ״̬ײײŵļ磬һЦСʦܣͷѽúߣʦʦǶܿŵģܾаԣڶʲôˣǰͬԱʲô˼ģʦܣ˵
ʹ˸ɫԱߵʦƬ̣Ҳ֣ΪŴʦʦͬҲܰ
ţ
ŸоָؽڶҪԼˡ
֪ǲǵԼħǡ䡱˫ݣڴ󲿷˶˫˼䣬˼䣬˼˼£žֵһĵ˼䡣
ȴôҲĲ
ҥһӣһ죬ʳ׵ĳӶ֪ϲˡ
ߵĶıӰָָ㡣
ŴС˷ˣ˵ЩоᷳҲǲܡ
»ᴫʦĶ
ʦҲΪǸϲ˵ı̬ô죿
ʦô죿
Ǹϱ̬
ɧţҲطչ˵ز
ңΪԼڻ԰ǰʦˣ
ϱ̬ɷǣ
ԽԽŭա
ȥ޷ߡ
ʱִϱ̬ССţ𣿡
ϱ̬ʲô
һŭҵ˷йڡ
ŷŭؽǽָ˳
ֹ𣿡
䣬κһ˶ܴи֪Ƶŭ
ҵ׸ʲôʲôԹƾʲôôң֪ж˿ЦҲǶ䣬Ҳϲ㣬Ͷģ£Ҫ˵ٱԶң
ָȻͣˡ
ŵĺڿտš
һ
ָͷһɬĵǵͷЩɬҲЩްԽ߾Խ˳΢磬꣬峿֦ͷմȾ¶ˮĻꡣ
ᡣ
ȻһССөƺӴＷ˽ɵŵǰ
ڵҹһƽ⡣
ǵڶֻө棬ֻө棬ֻө桭
Щөһ䡣
ΪԼǺ
ţЩөĵŤԼ壬ڰл֡
Բ
һ˲ּ
ɫּɢ
һһд
Բҵһϲˣ֪ôԼİ⡣
ѿˣҿǲܡ
Ҫô㿪ģ
ųĬһǰө溣
ƽʵҿ𣿡
өɿųͣԭأڵĴ𰸡
Ŵۣ͸ָĴԵøѪ
ǾԶҪǰԶҪٸҴ
Ŷһ£Խ̡

ͣһ£
Щɬʼǰᣬͬı衣
͸ģĴ
û취ŵԶ

ӫ湹ֻּɢȥ
нԶ
Щ΢ӫȴɻϡ
ֱߡ
죬ϱ̬ȻûǽָŴ
źҲԼʱ˵ĻЩ֡
ûκҪǻչ뷨
һΣô˵
öɫָŵһСﲢ
תۣ˰ʦӡ
ŽѧԺ׳ͭеӣЩš
һ򿪷ţ˳ȥ
ɽ磬ֻҪǸ¸صɣҪϼӵܣɷʦ˲ͬյӲҪ׳ԼԼ
Ϊˡ
ʦɷǣ£ԴȱΪ
˲ţѧĳɽģĻħģĻӣūֻͣҪ˹ţֻһݣǱǹŵĵӡ
ʦÿһѧǧ˰꣬ν¡
ÿյĵӶΪŵӣڰʦϣʦѡŵӡ
УÿһŵӶڰ֮ڱҵŵӣ᳤þõڹС
ŷʦŵӴӲʣֻԵ
ζ뱻ʦѡС
󣿡
һİ
תͷһһİӣ´ĿЩơ
ŵͷһϵƣ̾ݡ
ʦ֡
˽⵽˲顣
֪ⳤʦʦŴӣĿǰʦʦŵĴС
֪ʦָմӾ˼
֪ȡݹҲǰˡ
ȡݹؾ
ţǡ
ŨŨĻɣԼȥȡһħˣôģ
̧ͷɫ侲ʦǲȡݹΪλҪȥȡݹѵʦΪ˹Ϊħ֮𣿡
Сպ·˶
׷פ㡣
ɫЩѿϻʩչЦ⣬ǰһԵذһ½ǣʦ˵ģҵȻǵġ
˵꣬ǰһ㣬յŵĶϡ
ͣźε
ʶ͸ϽħණͲڹš
ҲЦЦСˣҲʦϡ
Ϊһһ㣬ðʦҡ
Ϊ׽ĵӡ
㣡
ûȳطžͺһ˸Ҿʦ֣ʦиˡ
Ÿ
ʲʲô
ءʦ֣ܡ
ʦ֣㡭·ܣ
ˣ
󼦷ɹĶسǰˡ
۾Щӵع˴ǡ
ţүүȻ̵òã̵ЩСϷͦõġ
ʦʽڿ
ųѾãнƫڹӵţΨǽսԵʣԵûԻʹׯ¡
ǰжʮһ̨ףһţƫš
ʮŵʰϣ롣
һһǰߣоԼ඼ˡ
ڵš
ʵѾǲģˡ
ʱССһţһ࣬ۡ
ظߴվڹָ̫һů
Уδסӡ
ȴƺԶܼǵ
ı鵭ģǿţ͸
ǿůʴȡ
Ψһϵ
񣬴˿̾ǰ
ͬŶֻŴͷ·һ˸̧ͷȥ
ȴ̧ͷǰȥ
ǰǸӴ߽ųߵͬų׵סߡ
żĶð˺ӶҲʦò
Ķͣ
ߵʦˡ
ӵȰݼʦ𣡡
ڵϣʦ
λ𡣽˹ţҷĵˡ
ʦδȴÿһ䡣
ƽׯϡ
ÿһֶѹŵҡ
Ҳڴ˿̧ͷ󵨵Ͽ
ʦذ׳ۣĮɨˣʴȣȾµĽ˿ľϣ΢УȾżĮңңȥʮоУϵ˲ֱӡ
˲Ҷ࿴ֻһִۣͷȥ
ΨţǱһֱ㶵ؿ

Ǹ壬Ƥ򣬺޲ó֮ϱ̬Դϡ


7 
ǳĿ࣬ڱϣòԵԼҾƣһ
Ȼһ˯˽ϡ
ǶӾ̳ġ
ʦϣͷ۵öըˡ
¸Լʩ顰䡱޼¡
ϾǿǾǧư
ǰһѴͬεĵǸǿ÷ͷΡ
ʦѲμ˶ʮߴΣ۶̡
÷Ϊ¹ڣơ
ʽƽƽˡ
ԵĶӵͷѵʦûѡŵӡ
΢˼һ£ָǣȻ˵λҲ̫ϤŵպѡҲɡ
Ҳûʲô飬뿪ˡ
ֻǵмλħӺ岻̫֫ЩӲҲܲЭл㱵ġ
ͷԸĵǣѵҽݣʲôģҪʱȥơ
磺ǡ
صƣذԼӵϡ
̳ƺĥˣڴ˰춼û˿͡
ʶȥöڻĽҩŷҩ֪ʲôʱѾˡ
վ˸Ƶҽݡ
Ǿ¶ҽҽȼİ㣬һȥ;˶ˬˡ
Ǿ¶ҽʱڣƺȥҩȥˣǷʮԾѰ˸ĴλӣԼĿ
ã˿˿Ժ񾭴֫
˾Υξ
ںʱʱ˼仹ûγɣħ绹ûеϵҲ޼
ʱ򣬷ҲδΡ
һУһжģġ
֮У񿴵̫Լϡ
¶ůġ
ȻиңԶ̾˿
ʲôʱŻᶮð鰡
ͻȻ۾İɴģҵӰ۵ס
üͷһ壬ݵ֣ס˵
˭
ŰɴԷĺš
֡
˵Ǳץ˶Ϊ
˻̧ͷ
Űɴ˵òֻӦһǳꡣ
Щɬʦ𡣡
ŷ˴ŵģڵӵķΡ
ɿ֡
һ͵ʦҸող֪ӣŵϢ𷣡
ءŵĵӣ
ǡ
ٺţ
ʮš
΢˼һ£ԼӲµݣħ壿
ǵģʦ𡣡
վƿ˰ɴ
ĵȴ͵شͷȥÿһƤţǽŵҪ
Цʲôֲˡ
ĬĬһʦ˵Цˡ
ҵˣո˭ҪţǾ¶ӹ̨̽ͷٳһµľʵ
ӲļһЩ˿Ƶģæ߹ȥ˺ӣлֵ˸кҴˡ
СɾŶ
ıӰǾ¶̲סСÿٴҶˡ
˸Ƿеɢ߹ȥ
޳ָؽ£Ǿ¶ȥ𴦻ҹŵĵӡ
Ǿ¶ƲƲ죺
е̨ϣЦ˵ҩٸ
Ǿ¶Ƴһۣһҩһʵʲôưô󾢶϶ܲˡ
̾˿ư˯춼û
Ǿ¶üһɵ˵ûºʲôѽǳĺÿڱ;ҵ˳ģʲôǳǣ泩գǳȴҪȵģܺȳһʹ졣
˵ģҺǾȻΪû¶
Ǿ¶ѵõҩݸ϶򵽼پˡ
ӹҩ룬Ǿ¶˵úе
ܵİ֮಻ǼٵģʲôǼٵģ
ȻǾƼ¡
żֱҲƵܳҽݡ
ֱҽݱ˦ʮԶŻָʡ
űһ˶Ӱ£ȴ˿޷ԼǺͻհİ
о˶ڱһŴգûһռ˼
ŻæóǸװžĺӣ򿪵ʱ򼸺ֶƣǸ֢һһžȥ
Ч豻븹Уͬһ鼫ı飬Щ¶ȡ
Ҳڴ˿𽥻
ֻǳѣǾͬһˣֻǳѡ
Լ૵
һ¶ʧ˫һ̱¡
ͷֱֻ̧۾ϣµ⡣
ŬԼجлѡ
󣿡
һİϤȻ
Ŵ˸飬ƿֱۣͷȥ
ʦվڹͷӽſʦӣȴ֪ʦ۾
ʦ΢΢šü
ʦ۾йذȴҲеĮ
ʦɫʴȣȴҲ롣
ͬǵһ
ʦͬڿһͨĵӡ
ϱ̬Ŀȫͬ
ûȻͬˡ
Ͼֻȥ˶ͷħǣֻǸıͫ׵ɫʣ֮⣬òûκβͬ
ǰϱ̬ϲԼ
ϱ̬ô޳ʦµͬһˣ
˵ϱʢУɶԼʥ͵ģһ
ϱ̬޳ܣʲô
˵ðʦòҡС
˼ռ߷塣
ŵĽ
ߴƵӣ԰׵ɫδüʵвҪҪȥҽݿ
ɫܿͱվӣ˸񣺡лʦػް
ͷ۷дСҩɫʮֽţʦ𣬿ʲôҪôҩ
˿еҩɫЩΡ
ǸҪģôҲû취ĵǰֱõһȫǽҩ
ԵŵľƹƵġ
żû˵ʶԼأһЩŵ˵Ӿ޿̽ʦ˽֮⣬ʦ˵ӱ㲻ˡ
Ҳ˼Щֻ̲Ԫҩҳݡһ£꣬ƽʵ㣬ǲң
̵ûУ
ô̧ͷң
Ͷ˶̧ͷ
۾ģӳ̫Ĺ⣬Եøӳξ͸ŵ˫۾һࡣ
˫ɫͫУȴԼһּİϤĸо
أ
Ŭ˰죬ȴôҲ벻ǰλɫ𪣬ݿ㣬ͷ౥۾ڰ׷С굽
ҲûţǼ⣬Ͼ˼꣬ʤҪܼסÿһ˵òٵٳʮԴ
ǣʣǡǲԭ
ǰ͵ۡ
ڵͫӳűҶҡεĹӰӳδ֪ȴŵ


8 
Сӿʮ졣
Ȼһ㣬һˣؾǽռ
ǷٴʵǲЩʱ
۾һͫƺйָճȭЩɣҲЩɬǵģʦǼ
ԭʶ֮вǴʣʲôʱ򣿡
ʮǰʮ壬ʱһ£ŷ۾˵ɽ
ʮǰȥɽ
Щ
ɽѰɽа£ͨǲȥġ
ԭ˺ܴ꣬ұ̶׽ʱʦңʦ𻹡
ŷʦЩĿ⣬ŵԽԽС۾ҲȻֹͣͷʦ˵ֻһЩƽС°ˣʦûӡҲġ
Ը֪ŵʧ䣬̾˿һ̫꣬кܶ¶ǵˡ
ƺΪ˱Ǹ⣬һļ磬ժͷҶ
̧ͷ
ߴӼͷֻƵϣ۾ܿӳ⣬Եġ
ʵʦʶҾѾˡ
飬ֻҪһ˼ǵã㹻ˡ
۾ôγЦôֿһֻúС
ʮ˫֣۾ģŷʦҰҩᵽסɡ
ڴҪˣܾ̾㽫еҩһ롣
ʦҰҩ˰ɡҩҪ
飬̲סЦΪʲôôôǰúñ֣ѡŵ𣿡
ŵͷҩĶһ£̧ͷŷ۾Ŀֿȷʵ뵱ʦŵӣЩǡΪʦ¡
Ŀⴿƺκʣŵ飬˵̹̹
ЦЦǰȥгҩǵӣʦΪ㴫ҵˣǰˣ˵£ҲΪ£㲻ذκ顣
ֺסջǺ˵ˣʦ𡣡
ؼ񣺡ʦû飬Ӿȸˡ
ô˵ģ۾ڶŷƺǲþȥ
վǰЦЦ֣
գգۣܿߵ˷ǰ
֡
Ų֪ҪʲôǺؽ˳
ͷůָ
ֻ͵һʦһƤʣµÿһλƺʧȥ˴
ָ⻬ĺƴƫЩڹѨԺԾĻͣ΢΢עעУɻĻŵ֢״ҽɸľȻʮЧƽﻹٳΪá
װƽص˵ͷðȺȴͱ¶Ľš
еĺԾ۾Ȼôң֪ģΪʲôء
ЩڵؽܵסչͷС˵ʦŲǶء
Ϊʲôôң
ҲŲʦǡ
ʲôʵ
̧ͷ۾
ʦźλϱ̬һģһݣȴȫͬģͰ۾
Ų֪ԼΪʲôҪʱϱ̬
Ժ˿ȷϱ̬˵εģԻĸס
ʲôʦʡ
ʦЦݺ㣬ǳģߵĴȰɽޱߵĴ󺣡
ſ񣬼̲סҪʧã˵Լ˿ʵ뷨
Լ˵Ϊϲʦ𡣡
ʦסˣգգ۾
ŵ͵ȣҧҧΪΪϲʦ𣬾ʦȴʦϲңԼʦýš
Ŷϲ
ŵͷԺұ㲻ýˣΪҲϲġ
һ£ºʰɶ£ôʦϲأ
̧ͷŷ촽䣬۾ǣ⡣
ŵӵı飬̾˿
ֿͬض˱Լϲ֮⡣
Ϊʲôеôãеȴ޲ɱ

ѡ
ʦз£
̾ĵĵ̾Ϳѯʡ
ʲô£ֻǺȻо֮ʵĥ
ʦ޶ۣԸ֪һ˵ӻ԰ǡ
ôСܶʲô
СҲһ֪鶼ǵԣԹ壬֮£ˡ
;ԼҪһйˣڼ˻΢ԥһ£㿪˵ʵһ⡣
ţʦ뽲
ǰʱҲǺϵһλ˱ϲ̹Ȼܣʹ޲ýɱʮ־ɥҸʲôܻιϵ
ţ
һǿҵĲл
źۼذ˫ַڲʦָ޷Ƶز
ţλǸˣʦɷϸЩ
֮ǰصʵĽô
ţʦ𾡹˵
һ£Ҳǣڵ˶ܿŵġ
ʱûϵصԼĿˮʵһħ꣬šϸúе񡭡
˫ֽס·
ȻòҲܳڣԲϾһͨ͸ޱƯĵĻɫ۾

оԼ˲ƥ˺ѵһüֹͣʵûʲô
ûʲôСЩӲ˵
̾˿ƯˣԸ񶼲̫ãλԸ񰡣ֱûݣ˵Һб򡭡
ʦ𡭡ЩˣЩиˡ
̧ͷһŷָոԼֻ˵û⺢ɫʮѿ
ӲҰײҰ׵ģһѪɫЩɢҲҡҡ׹ģƺһҪԵ
æ߹ȥҪﲻˣҴȥҽɡ
áŻԼ֣ӡްֻطúϢһ
˵תӣɫ㱵뿪ˡ
ŷ󱳵·ϲ֪˭˺˸ӣһƬǵֻСѻǱֿ
ߺ󣬷Щ÷ҽɴţȥСӵ
ֱʱ֮յҽɡްϢſ
ҹĻ֮󣬷еֽʣ˸׼ǰȥϢ
ɾʱһİĺ˷Ķ
ˣ
˭˵죿
̾;˳Ǻ˹ȥ
ɵûţȴҵһö΢΢Źɫָ
סЩŵؽǽָ˶ߡ
ûǺǴָﴫģ
ţ
ǵ֣˼ʧ˼ٴʧ
أΪָͷڲϵذ¿أԥҪҪ˵
ţȲ̾ȿ˿ڣ𣿡
ĺȻͱûң١
һæҵ֮
Ǳߴ̫еģ
ǡ
˵ԭתһȦϣαЦŶԽָ˵ôϵң𣿡
ţл˵
۾һ˵ʲôҵǸʵûϵģţҲ㣬֪ģܻ˱ÿݣʲôҶԭ㣬Ҳֻȥѣûɱҡ
ʲô֣ʵ
գգۣΪʲôͻȻҪ˽ˣǶҸȤϲ𣿡
ţ
֣ʲô֡ظʵ
дһĨϷʰЦ֪ҵ֣ѵ븶𣿡
ţҪʲô
һ£Ȼ˵Ҫÿָͨ顣
ţܡ
ʵҲԼЩôˡ
ðɣÿ죿
ųĬһ˵һͬϵһΣȨظ

ûô
û취ԹȰЭ
̾˿ҡҡͷ˵ðɣͬ⣬˭ôϲءšһ㣬ʹʲôԸ֧ҲԸҵһС
һ£˵ҵ֡
žડ䡪
ʧһ˲ɽʯѵ
÷䶼Ƿġ
֪Сը˼ɽ

Ͷ䣬Щҡҡͷ
СȻб
ԺҪȢզ
϶ܼҡ


9 
ȻֻԼÿϵһΣҺпܵòκλظ
Ѿˡ
Ͼⳡ׷֮ս¶˾Ҫǧģ˶ʱڿһСۻһ󲽡
ô˵أѾ͵͵ƻŵĻҪЩ˲μˡ
ȣҪġ
ϾǷΪѡ
󻱵ŮͲˡ
ΪһԼǧǰҳΪүүı档
ò˵ʵǸ൱ǳˡ
ֻǸ⡣
ٱ飬ըٴΣļϵĳ

ΰİ飡
ٴ̾
ԼжһͿ
ûһ͸˲ˡ
Ϊڶһ磬յһݡѧ顣
˶ʮ˽ѧ˶ǧ˰ʦ𣬰ʦĵڶеҪѧģͷһ⡣
ϵѧԭһǿŵġ
ͷһ
ʮţ
ֻУһֱ֣ʹļס
ôƫƫ
ĵöð
Сһ˫СƵģ۾˵ϲ˵Ҫ⣬ôҪѧˣ
е׷ʲô
˼⡣
ʵԥһҹ˺ܴľĲдǷѧġ
羴ʦ
Ǹϱ̬
ɵ˺϶ΪһʱԼ֪ôˡ
ֻҪһ뵽ͬһˣͺ٣ӿ죬̼ǿƽ顣
ٴȥһΪ߶ġ
ġ
ڣλʦ־Ѿֿʼˡ
󡣡
һ
žણһ˳ϵ֡
תͷǷʦϱ̬վǰ
ԱĹۣǰһĬ˰ΣʵҪ𣿡
Ŵǡ
Ҽ㲢δдѧԭ򡣡
û˵
ԸΪʲôѧΪʵ벻ףϾǻĵͦõģ㻹˵ϲҡ
ҲŲϲ㣡ЩؿڴĻ
һ£󣿡
ջСֻؿúܽȫš
֪ǲǴ۾һĨ⡣
ཥʵƺ̸ҵĸ֮űЩֵģ㡭ǲǲܽϲӣ
ֻоٶԽԽˣЩ
źһźۼطס档
۾ǿԼ侲
Ȼˡ
Ȼˡ
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ֻһƬĮ
ŷǰһ䣺ǣҲܽܡ
һ£ǰ˲ʦ𣬶λϱ̬ҧ˵ݻҲܽܣöġ
ԭ
ˣһðɣɺܳ㣬ѧ룬׼ˡ
൱ƽû˿ŭ۾лǳЦ⡣
˵ֻ㶼𣿡üʵ
ӣüͣʵЩοѧֻΪܲҵĸУΪԭ˵ҵĽѧûб⡣
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ƾҪ
һ뵽°㾴ŵķʦըըõֹͰûڵͷײɽ
뵽ȻǺ޳ܣϱ̬羴ô꣬Ը°ҩҩŤŤС˵Լĳ羴ϲ޲ͷײһɽ
ըɽĸ̶ƿ衣
ڱ½ݵҹʧһ
ˣ㲻̬𣿣
˵Լϲơ
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ƣ
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ʮǰˣϾʱԶ
أ
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ǰķơôˣ
ٺúÿǰһż⼸ҪסĽż⣬Ƶ÷ؿŷ۾ֱһһ˵мƣ
һĪ֪СӵҪ
š
㿴ǰλӵĶͷȻħǣ۾ɫҲ𽥱øΪ͸ӨȻɫ˻ɫ
𾪵Բۣ
࡭࡭ţ
ǣЦһ˼ֳŪǻ˹ǣǱΣ壬òδı䣬ǻ۾ɫסֻħǣϲˣ㻹ڿ˵ϲңӵϲ
˵ҧгݣдһɷߺޡ
ûعԼĸ飬̾;üæ˵
ҵȻϲˣҲϲһϲ˭ѽֻ۾ħǣҲ˺۾һֲһûħǡôܻϳ
һ£˵ñ仯ԣΪԼˣԲܱʲôӶϳȻرϲ㣬ҲֻĴΣϲҲԭ
ͼһ㣬ҲÿλӶʵơ
ʱſһȻ
զ˸ħǣħ˶û۾ɫôҲˣֺÿģôġʦʦҲڡʦãʦټ

ۿոǸˣֻڰʦϼһΡ

һ˵ԲҴˣϹԺҲϲˣԺ㻯ɻңҲһʱϳ㣡
Цǣ˭ϡϵң
գգۣЩʵڣΪϲ𣿡
ŭˣ˭ˣ
ָĬĬָ
ţ
ŷӦԼȻ
ΪʲôҪ
ʱſڵִ˼·
ʦ𣿣
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զ˸ħǣ
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ڵŵʱ䣬еӾŴ󳨵ķǰʳãϵſڵķʺá
ŲͷüⲨѧߺ֣˫ִӷഩȥס˨žһŹˡ
ֻһ죬㱻Ȧ˽ȥ
ǵżվľһأľֱײıײ˶ͷǰһ¡
һ̣촽ײŵĴǡ

ţ
ԲۣҲľͷһˡ
ʱ
һƿֱš
һ𾪵ز˲졣
Ƶޡ
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죡
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ޣ
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𾪵Ըӵı飬״εػæ֣Ҳ㣬ҡҡ
ŵıֱǱ˭ƭŪˣ𾪣ŭ˵ҪҲϱ̬׷ҵ㣬ϲҵ㣬ɧҵ㣬ײҵҲ㣬ʲôʸң
ҡô˵أû㣡Ҳ֪Ҹոôˡ
߳ŭ˵ҹȥ
Ǹ
ۼԼҪƳȥӺȻ֪ôţһžવȼһ񾭡
ڻһƵǡ
۾һ̾סŵգȥ
ֱֽһľͷ
ëȶһ£۾ʦͨأظ촽һһ˿Ĵݣǡ
ǿľͷڻˣ͸Ļɫ۾ЩãȻȻë˲ۣ˷
һ룬˫ʵ۾˿ͻȻһ͵ذѷƿ
߳ŭ˲ʪ촽һ
űһ㽫Ƴ⡣
ѵһŹˣ
һ²վȣŽķţͷ̾һ

á
Ȼ˵Ҳȫš
Ǹ÷ľ档
λʮħС꣬ľվ۾ãĿǰԾĴŴ
Ķ䣬գ΢ŵ촽ͷССħǼ⣬ȫǺġ


10 
׼뿪ʱ򣬺Ȼ뵽һҪ⡣
Сţŷ죬Ų￴ʮֽŵʵţ㻹𣿡

ڴ걩
ðɡ
زӣʼ硣
֪žµĵʱʵһԥġ
Ͼȶ֮ΪƵǡʦ֮Ķ֮񱡣
ʾ󽫻ٸеָ͸Ͼս
ɷϸһ¡
ܻð飬˹顣
ôʹǧָҲ֮¡
漴ľ˽ĵ˽
ڿʼҪѧѵ뿪ɽ벽
мҪɽĵӣҲֻƷɳ롣
ˣɽӴʵĽ磬ɽĵӣûһܴƽӳȥ
ȿȣȻе㲻¡
û취ԼܵѼӣ˲ɣ
ʱ֮
űһ߿
̧ͷһ
š
ŭɶʵɽ
еëʣһ˵ԣΪҪѵ࣬ܡ
δйѵ
쿪ʼˡ
ţǰȻ˵׼ҵѧ룬ұ㲻ǹɽĵӣƾʲô뿪
ǰͷ׼룬ֲŵ롣
ĺǲģһŬѹסԼȻϵıīͷɿдһ룬ĵϣ˰ɣ
գգۣѧ顣
Ϸѧ鲻ͬǣ˴εѧԭдһзŭĴ֡
Ϊʦ޳ܡ
ţе
Ƿѧӵϣ˸ָͻĻ㽫ǷûյҶʣ
̯֣ѧûͨ
żҪ˵ɣ
̾˿ʹļ׵صǸԲ̫ˡ
ſŷ޳ܵԭȲԼĵǸߴΰʴȵʦ˾˲˸ϡá
һ۶ٿתҪ뿪
ɾʱ˷ЩǸţұģҶùİ취ˣãֻܶǿˡ
ǿģ
ʵ޿̣תӣһԵĻƿ˹ȥ㻹ʲôǿģ
žણ
С۴Ļƿֱֱ˷Ķͷһء
һѪ˳ŷĶۣգǰ·ϣȾİ£Ѫ죬Ŀġ
ס촽ضһ£ô㣿
ܶ㿪ġ
۶ܶ㿪
ϵѪسЦЦţЩ
ӡ
̬

ں䣬ȴһ仰˵
ǰˣǰ˵ķʦ
ʮ꣬ҹҹΣҪΪеִġʦ
ŷ֣ոӻƿֵֻڶڲ
һֻס֡
촽תӣͷҲص뿪ˡ
Ÿ߳ûԶӭײһˡ
뿪ڵǸһ
ôײ˶֪Ǹ𣿡
ǳء
üٺ˸򣬱׼߿
ȴֱضסȥ·
ص䵽ŵħ۾ϣһ´ǣЦһ˵ֵͼô˲ԭħͼŮĵͼ֡
ۿɫͫһĨ
ת˲֮䣬һ֣סصĲֱӽƵһԵĺľϣΪҲɱ𣿣
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ɫеҲϼӴ
ৣһͻȻŵСۣųز֡
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ಱӣȻ磬ͷ˵ʦܣҲˣĿ𳤣ף֤ȷ䣬ò÷̺ͽգ
ȴûشֻǶԳ˵ʦ㡣
ضһζ񣬱ķȥˡ
ֱ۱ۣΪ𷣣û뵽ת׼뿪
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ʦֱǷңһ£Ŀʣŵӣʦ𣬹Ȩ㡣
ŵӣ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥŷԼ䲻֪ʲôʱһӡ
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ıš
ϸֵּܷ֣ŵӵĲ̫һ
ƺ÷ɵģÿ̵һһȥġ
סζӵеơ
Ժȴظַűƿ˶ͷѪֱ
ëһ£ջǴۣתͷ뿪ˡ
һ߽󣬱㹧˸񣺡ʦ˵ҡ
תӡ
ǰİ߰ѪͶǵ˺Եøۡ
һʦʦôˣ
æҵشӴóһЩҩææʦЩǵӵҩƿƿã̫ϾģˣȥҽɹΪˡ
˵ţת׼ȥҽǾ¶
ء
Ȼס
ʦƽ޲ϲŭȴóһţԭء
ǰգһħðժȡݹ˵Ϊ˰ʦ
صৡزҰ
ţʦƽʱһ룬ļҵʦ˴Ҫҽղŷ֣ȡݹħ꣬Ȼ¡
Ŀ䵽ϣŭȴĪս˵ࣺ
أô£
촽˶ͨһ򵹵ϣʦ𣬵ӡһʱͿ
񵭵ɨȥôˣ㻹Ƕħ֮ƫǲúˣԶ˯ȥ
ʦ𣬵֪ˣ͡ȥ˼ӻ᳭顭
ػ˵ʲôȴԽߵǰ
ָ⻮ڼ䵽һɰ׻ƿϡ
סǸƿŤ˰Ȧ
ֻһ춯ƿһ¶˳
ؿ߽ޱȵңһŲһ£ҵķ˸ͷ־µ˵ʦ𡭡ʦ֪ˣø͡
ȱ𡣡ܿʹ˳˳صĻһֳϸİɫӣԱӵԣ˴£Ȱ˷ȥ˯
ųؾֵı飬
ģⲻͨıӣǻޣֻǲ壬ǲаġ
عڵϣøˡ


11 
˵ʼѵĻǿЦ
ڶһ磬ڶʮ˽еӶԨɽżϡ
š
һλ״Ʋ
һסŸڵĵԥһ£ش˵ǡʮ󡭡
ԱߵŮײһĸ첲ţ˼Ҹˡ
ԣţҳʱ򻹽ˣ˵
⻰˶۷׷ףƺͷһؼ뾭ѵĵӡ
Աߵʦ𣬵ȥʮСʦܹ
أȥ磬ѵ
磺ǡ
ûߵǰ֪ɽ΢춯
ڴ硣
̾˿ͻ˸ֱɽǡ
Ȼ
š
һһεضըͼݻٽ硣
еըǿɽըȴֺܶ
ûõġ˵ƿҽû
йƵذеһըӵϣȻĨ˰ħϸתͷʲô
ȥμӼѵ
ţҲȥ
ҪȥģȥΥ͡
ҾΥˣôţۿʦŰ
˵ɽһǲӵģΥͣҲֻʩ巣ͽա
һ£Ȼǿѯţϲĸ
սȭˣвң
һ޹ô᣿ֻǺĸŹ档
ţ
֮һ֮žͺĶ֮С
վʯϣڵȻ˶ˣǾͿʼɡΪ˰Σʱ̱һȽǻ

ǲǸ߼𣿡
ûзֽʣôд
һ֦÷任ʮ֧ӵÿһλʱȷһзֽ𣿡
ڲе֦һ⡣
ѧЩѣҪϰܳɹ
֮󣬾Ѳӣָ㡣
˱㿪ʼյ˽ˡ
Χĵ
Ϊǡ䡱Ϊħˣ֮ͬǴ˿ȴһΧ
ţΪʲôˣ
ѽħǺ۾ɫô£
˵㻹ŵˣôŪģ
ϲϲ
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ţ
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ֻĬĬתͷСۡ
˵ˣ˵ˣôܴ˼ʹ㣿
ħ˾ǲദ
ˣ˵ˣǿʦ𡭡
ʦôˣ
ʦ𡭡ͷиˡ
ʦʲôʱܵˣǰ̿ͦġ
ʦôô˰̫ˡ
ĬĬ̧ͷƳһۡ
վھһԶλã糤˰̿ɼ
Ŵͷսеָ֦ڷס
ȻһӰŵӰصţҲסˡ
һƫͷһ
Ƿ
վһ̹Ȼס֣ƺָ
ôһƫͷܿͷս˿ڡ
˿ڲǷ£ҲûմȾκζأֻǱƿƵġ
ͨ˿ڣκһӶ
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ϽϰĶδֻͣǵ˿µģҲ
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еĶһ٣۾䣺ң
͵һ𼱻ǵ㣬Һ޲ΪӶۡ
ŶգգۣƺЩʧ䡣
һ˲͵شսһЩǼ⼸ҪŵգȻƣǾɡ
˵ţǣŵ֣ŵԼͷϡ
Żŵ˦֣һѹʲôأʲôط
˵һ룬źȻ֣ܾȻûһӷǵٶ
һдõɢŽ⡣
һǣŵ֣ԼĶͷ㣬ϾҪʧЧˡ
ۼϵ⽥ͦһǰЦòá
ҧҧѸڷ˿ڴʩ˸ű㽫һƿ
ɲ֪ôŪģôˣȻվûվȣֻһƣһҪ
Żæ§ס
һ£űһЦ䣬Цӵǣ
ллСš
ôȾŵĶ
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УĽڻɢ
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ɻ¶
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Ÿ˸ƧĽԾͺΧһȦͬ
ȫôдɵģʲôоʦԽʲôôѧˣ
⼸⣬ûһܻشġ
ŷʤҪǱʱȴ
Ĳֻһʳá
ٺˣټʳã˿̾Ȼ춼ûС
ʶ̧ͷȥ
ĿĽѧվ·ԣԾóһ
·룬Ƿ
Ǽذ׵ĳۣ°ڴȴʵơЩ߶ԣͬ⻷ƣԵ˳ףʳ̣Ⱦ
ӵʳø롣
ɶ֮ѧٹȣ˵ʦʶ֮ʱѾʳˡ
ʲô
һǰߣһ΢΢̧ͷ۾ɨˣѰˡ
ϲûʲôı飬ɱĿɨѧȴԾصͷӡ
Ƿͬ٣ޱߵʦ֮ס
ǹɽÿһӶʮ֣̲ס̧ͷʦ
Ҳ⡣
ĿⲻԾ׷ŷЩʧ׷
ɾʱҲţĿԣǺܿЦ
͵һͣҴͷ
ɲɣôʦˣ
Եͬ̾
ţ
żѾ뵽˽Ҫʲô
Ȼһ߽ȻͣԵĹϡ
еž롣
һͷվӾҪߡ
һ˲ȴסˡ
𾪵۾
ﵽǿĵӣҪʲô
ʱ˿ڣ͵ѧִ뿪мӲ͡
Ӳͣ

ֻһӣǹӿ£׹ÿһѧӵķ֮С
âɢȥÿλѧӵķжöӡ
һöǽɫĸ߼һöǺɫĳH
öȫֵƣͨɼҿһ굽ͷҲòö
ϰöϡΪѧǵļӲͣǺݻֱʣ
˷׷׾̾𾪹󣬶Էĵл˳Ϯ
ŸϽϽ֪Hɽ˵Сħ˵Ǵ󲹣Աߵͬͳŵ½ǣְλϡ
ϣȴ̲ס̧ͷԱߵķ
ЦҲ᣺صлҺúòͣ绹Ҫɽѵ
˵̧꣬ȥ
ɲ֪⻹⣬ô첲ȴƫƫײŵļ硣
ΪҪˤʶ֡
һ̣һֻůȴϵڸ´ơ
ס
ֻȴֻͣƬ̾ȻȥϢģûбκ˷
ɵֻ뿪ʱȴһ
аĽ뿪ŵƤżһ̧ͷȴַʲôûзһȥ֮⣬ƺûκ˷
һ¸촽֮С
㻹ʲôϽ԰ɣHҪʵġԱߵͬѧѵ
ʦôͻȻôõøж
һгHHֻܱһһҹʦȥժİɣ
ܰɣ
ʦΪʲôҪǳHѩʲôѽϾǻ˸࣬HǶħ˸Чɡ
Сĵ⻰ɱʦǰ˵ʦϲѧǸʲôħˡ
ӵУŵͷĿԼ֡
һǬ
װ˳H


12 
H𣿡һྐྵӣһ߶ԸոյʾΪеɡ
㲻˵ϲλħôH׼ûҾûħ˲ϡHġྐྵӵĽһ£ӳ⣬ҼСʯͷСʱʲôöûԹHˡ
ΪʲôֻҸһݰຮұһš
ƲһۣмֻûһƲأֱӾ˼һϡѹѽ֪֪ʲôѭ򽥽ˮܣ
ӣûҸʵһ
󻱶˶ȣ治֪λħﱻʯͷˣ浹ù
ŵ̲סЦӦħƯλ
ǣ󻱶Է֮ԱǣƯҼСʯͷòãͱʩˡ
󻱵̲סɣСʯͷúܺÿ𣿡
ǵȻԼĺӣεԵãħŶУûһҼСʯͷúÿģû취˭Ŵҵòǽһ޾ףٱ

ŷڴӵĴ˾þõĳĬ

ҿ㻹ܴʲô
˵أ̫̫ҲǸ⣬˵ҼСʯͷɣ㿴ᣬ׵˾ͿҼҵż̤ˣСһ㣬ɽ幫һ㰡ʵڤŮҲҼСʯͷ˼һǧˣôϣФҼСʯͷҲӺ
ٴȥڤŮҪ̰
ʵȥˣ
һǧҲϰɣҶüˣԸء
бۿһۣ㲻Ҫ˶Ҫ

⻰͹˰
Ҫ֪׷λŶʮ꣬ðĭ絽ϰ
ڨڨر졣
Ǹӵˣ֪ʲôѭ򽥽Ҳѧʲôˮܡ
ֻ֪ԼϲţҪ׷ţҪóҪеĺö˫͸š
һĳHԾò
ϣʹһƿϳHʳЧѵ¶
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˶ǾòҽɷûùҲƲŵʲôë
ǡҽʦֲڡ
ԥƬ̣ǰȥ̽ԵŵĶͷ
Ŷͷһ
ħǣӲı׶ƵģŵĶͷš
üһΪʵޱŽס
ƺûã촽ϣЩ¡
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źܻգգۣȻЦʦ治һ
˵Ļǲˡ
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֮УΨħġ
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13 
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ôˣָЩǵѪĹӡգգۿȻ֪ʲôˣԲ𡣡
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һֻֽӹṆ̀ȻӵԱߵϡ
ž
ﱻڷŵĹ˲ߵᣬм˳䵽ϡ
͸ʥðŰ׹ʥ飬ת˲Ⱦһࡣ
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˵˵ˡ


14 
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ȻѾˡ
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ſ˷һۣȻ򴽣תȥ
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ǵһֻ̤żʱ򣬷Ѿеˡ
̲סҪվܹȥǣŵ֣۾΢ܲܲҪ뿪ֻҪߣʲôԡ
סˡ
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15 
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غÿҫۣԳгޡ
īʤѩɫͫûпκˣЩĮ
һõԤӿ
Сʯͷ󻱼ػ֡
ü
ǰ׳Ҳ̧ͷ
ͷ˸ƺֺ
Сţүүأ

ࡢšǡࡢ󡢻ġء
һԺ
ֱɫҰܡ
֮⣬˾ԨĳλŲ·ؿ
׹µףҰɣ
죡


16 
ҵıﰡһȥĶˣôһȦүүúÿ
һ۵ӭȥ
ৣ
һѴȣͷԸʵʵġ
࡭ţڷ޾һ·Сȴֻ۾˹⡣
յǰ˵ֻ˳ӵС񣺡ʦʦ𣡼ȻˣߵʱͰعŰɣҲ˹ˡ
꣡Ͻ졣
С岻Եգգ۾
ڷԥֱʧãѸײڶ֮Ƹ¸õʱѾ߹ˡ
ˡ
ȵֶʼˡ
˹СʯͷҸһ£үүõѣСϷʲôֲͣȣøӸ𣿣
˵ţһɨȡ
̧ͷ
ס
ԭǸүүͼǧģᡱķͻȻͱ˰׷룬Ƶͷ
󻱲ŵգգۣӽˮˣʲô磿
ȿȡԼİ׺ӣҲ˵ˣõѣôܷһ˱أ
ڴ󲿷ַǿɻάղ䣬齨˼֮ͥ󣬶ؽԼϼ֣άϵ֮
󻱣Ǵӵүү֮ʼӵġ
ʱ٩Ȼɣϣ㿴ģˣЩͷûʲô
֮ܶԴ󲿷÷Լϵо֮Աǡ
ˣڱ⸱ģ󻱱˭⡣
󻱽Լ˵ʹԼ¶׼Ϊǿ
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СүүͼǺǧСǼɾȻñ˽үү
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šƺҲС
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ֹ󻱾ù֣ԱߵССһŶˡ
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һҲΪźã֪үүѣԺѧϰǡʦϵǼ򵥵Ϊá
ԭСͷȻ뵽ʲôԥһ£СʷСǸʦɽʦʦ˵˵ǡǶ䣬𣿡
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ԭһýָŴʱ㱻ڵˡ
ԭڵˣΪǶ䡣
Զš
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ӣĸףĸףүүүү
ǵһеĸܵ
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̾һھθһ
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ͬʱԭòҪ׼ļ䣬Ҳʼ𽥸ա
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ΪơЩԴ̧ͷһŷŲ֪ʲôʱߡ
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ŵľƵú˵ľܽͥԺķŵķ˷Ĳ
Ǳ˿񷢴ϵļ紵üһ˿
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ɲ֪ǲǴƺֳøˡ
ţ΢΢һԲĽǶȣڴ֮ͥ´սĶϣ
ʦصΪҲ𣿡

žƱһϺõĴɰ׾Ʊ͡žડһϡ
ȴûǾƱֻǿǰš
۲š
ŴͷǾƱ𣬲ϵľա
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ȴֻз۵ƺĺ⡣
ôʦүү֪ѾǵǸɧı̬𣿡
ʦҲȤˣ׼ˣԭһʹװʲôû𣿡
ЦҲᵭƫƫҧгݵζ
㡢ݡ롣


17 
һ
СŶʮ꣬СûʸĶ֣⸱ģоȻôһ˿ˡ
ϸ룬Լµģܲţ󻱡
ĬĬţֵҲһֻܴǰʵǲû֣ħ羳ڣҲҪ
ˡ
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ǣ촽˲̧ۿţĿֱҪ飬ֽ飺Ҫүү״
״
һ¡
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Ӧġ
Ҳȥ״ü
һæл̫лˣֱǻЩǵ⽻͸
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ĮŨŨĳ

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˵үүҵġ
ܲ
ۿȥ˸£׵黰ʮа˾ŶǴﳭģҲˣֱһ仰£⡣
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Ͻȥŵĸ첲ţЩȻǳģҵǼٵġޣѽ
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촽һ¡
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Ϊŵǰ
ΪںԺſڵ롣
һĿſվš
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㱻ҴҲҪ˵ʲôţ


18 
ô˵ء
ûվԭ󻱽Ҳûǰþϵһ˿˵Ұ㡣
ˡ
ܵ÷ִ٣һֻڼȦﱻץ˸ŵĻǡ
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Ȼˡ
ʩӵ֮ǰ߰˸۷û취ֱʱʹõĿĵء
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ⲻӦѽΪ˻ͨء
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19 
뿪ԺӵʱЦǺǵ뿪ġ
ʱȴһ˻ġ
һɷ졣
ſһۣȻԥһʵүүأ
󻱽Ųһ٣ǶԸ߸üë̾ͱ
ߵǰסŵ˫֣ʹСʯͷʱܿˣүүԲס㰡ȻηǻôãûϵүүѾ㱨ˣ˱ӴðԺҲɧˣ
סүүû
ˡҧгݣӱ۸¶ҾȥҲ
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ȿȣҡүүҲƭ㰡Сʯͷе飬̫С̫ˣ֪նڷϺǰ¶ڡ
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ʵտʼСʯͷһƭȥΪСʯͷСԸ񵥴زס¡
ǡ
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20 
صɫģӳŷ԰׵ƤԵ÷ۡ
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үү깦򳤽˲٣в˵Ҳ׼ټ㣬»ؾҵڡһ˵ţһͷЦҪԸ˽ͺˡ
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ոԺ˵
ƭġŴЦүүһƭģΪҾ㣬޲㱻үүΪұ˳Ҽֱǳ졣

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21 
Ȼŵĳ
ȲԼ밮顱ٿŵ֮ġ
룬ʵǻЦô˹⿴һӰ밮ģ
Լˣˮ壬Ϊ㣬һָŵ˷纮
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ԭĲǰ鰡
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ʧ󣿡
һ׼һȫг
ԣʧ󡣡
ţһһؽ͵
ʵҴûϲ㣬ֻǷ纮ѡ


22 
ɫ˰ףɺ򶨵ؿڵˣʲôϷΪ˵Щһ𣿡
󣺡ƭʲô
ųĬһȻ˵ΪҵΪԭ̬ȡ
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23 
ʲôţ
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24 
ʹ󣬾͵ͷʼϵʯ
ʯը֮Ĵǣ÷ʰȡܻ©ֻԶֲܽǼɾ
ʲôʵ
̾һ˵Ҳɵվˣһɣ㿴ʯͷըõǣȫҵ֣Ǳ˲Сļˣɻ¶ƾҪסˡ
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Ѽ񵽵ʯ麡ŵǬ̧ͷţһص˵ͷ԰
ţ
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25 
磬·ֻȼˡ
ۡǰŵūǴŹǷһ롣
ֻΪ·λūͿܶࡣ
һ͹˸񣺡Ҽѹʱˡ
ԭЩɻΪ֪Ҫһ߽ȫˡ
ΪԣȻվһĵϡ
һͼֱĴȣתͷ˵ո˵Ҫɻ㻹ţ˰ɣⲻ𣿣
һ߳ŷһ߿ڵո컹ûܹҵҪҾ֪׼к¡٣ո˭㻹˵رҴס˰ɣҵҪ¹ɹǲǡ
ɿŵòϵ͵˰˰ٶȣôǸħˣأ
һ£һ˲ûӦ
ϼææ죬״ϣ㲻ǰʱҾ;ղԣҲǷ飬һΪһӿҪ飬ôǸħ塭
˵˵ţȻֹ
˿ŲôƵɫʶԼ˵˻͵
ŷӦ˹Ŷ˵Ϳװżһ棬ĶôĽȡ
ȥ²ʵ㿴ˣ㡭
Ƴŵɫײ·ĸ첲ʹɫҪ˵
˵ʲôֻ˵ǣؼɻҡŶһ£˵Ҳ
ϼֱĿɿڴ
˴ĸ첲ô꣬һϣô
ţ
.
С߹
ƱϵķԲ˿ţԥһ£ʵǡľˣҪע鱡
Ȼ
ֶ´һһСؿʵǸλħСɾ꼸ˣûʱ㸸ĸ֪𣿡

ôչնͯһ
ŵʮһˣĸ֪Ӱǳɻ𣿡
Ȼˣʮһ
뿴Ŀдһ˿ʹļ׵Ǵ
ĳԭֻҪڱʸɻ飬ǿ̫ҽ㻹˼һ£úͳ֮
üأҿǺˡ
񣺡֪ǧ𣿡
ţ֪
񣺡֪¹˼꣬Ǹ𣿡
ţ֪
ϣ֪μҵ״ᣬһ𣿡
ţ֪
ʵͼʲô
ͼͼѣͼɻǰջͱ˹
Ż̧ͷǡ
ڷΪҪ˵ʯʱȴۣ
Ϊϲ
.
⺢ӴСʹ
ƮƮһ仰Ͷסڿڣûǵܹ֮ڡ
ϺΡΡطס˱˴ˡ
ڲٶˡ
.
ǵĻ鱡
ݸСӣԥһ£ǵϲλˡ
ְǻ鱡ӹӽǬͿʼв±ܡ
ȴһԲ˫ֽӹ鱡ؿֿŻպá
һ߳ۡŵļ磬ĵس޵ȻûţȻֻǣһ仰졭ոô뵽һģ
ȴ촽û˵
ͷǸ޵ĺëһ£ɫͫմȾһĨǳãȻ롣
֪ʲô
.
ŪˣһۺȻӲԶ
תͷһ󻱡
ü󻱣ЩⰡһΪƤظһء
Ͼ𲻰ʱ
󻱰˰֣ЩɣˣȥҲֻġ
󻱴ͷҲ΢΢
صأأһһشԶ߹Ȼ˷֡
ŵһ£ΪҪ
ֻǴۣһɳƵͳ˵ϷҼСʯͷԺͰˡ
Щֵس֣ƺԴ˺ܲӦ
ֵϷʶ꣬ûйʲô¶ɣھһһܿҼСʯͷ
СʯͷСǱǳųģԺҪǳʲôìܣһҪൣһЩҾͰиˡ
ֱĶڣƤ񶼿Ҫˡ
˵ʵǸϰвҪǸҶﲻãҾŪ㡭ࡣ
󻱵۾Ȼ;סˣˣ
ƫͷûС
Ҳü̧ͷ󻱣Ŀ͸¶ĵǡ
תȥ󻱵ۣƶ˵ǿˣܶʪˣ
תͷһۡ
ĺ﷢һݵֵ
Ȼ͵͵˹ȥűס˻
ˮҲ̲סŰ£Ǻصĺ붼Ų
СʯͷүүԲ㰡үүûб㣬үүۼŶʮ꣬ôҪ顭ȫүүĴ
󻱶кüûô޹ˣЩĲ̡
ԥһ£󻱵ıοǸҲ̫ˣʵҲд
⵵£Ҫ˵ûһǲܵġ
СűҪڲ˯ˣΪ˻òɻ顭ﶼҪʹˡ
ϸ롣
һ룬;λħʵ߯ҡ
ʵһȥϵţҪҲڡ
ʼԺĪֳ˵Ҳúʱŵı顣
ͷ˵á
һȰ󻱡
۾ȴġ
ʶʱ˫Ư۾ȻɫЩѵ䣬ȴ
ȴŨĺ
ʱ룺
ŹȻСӣ˺ɻ飬ϲЩڵʽеġ
ȥҪ˺
ţСͽ΢һ㡣
㵱Ȼдһѱһ˵˼󣬡Ҫӱ¿ȥǸʯڵز𡭡
Ҫҵʱ˾ƣӲѣҪѣԲ¡
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̧ͷ涵ؿ˵һǴԼء
ĥĥ󻱣֪Ϊξֹ𣿡
Ϊΰ
.
ҪȥҾˣźȻѷһСʵ
ͷԼķȻҾ鵽زǸƵҪеһΣ˵ҽѩɽ鴫֮϶ҹľ˸ɾҾǸԾƵ£
ϵĶһ£תͷţЩ󣺡ôһΪҪһȥء
ȴͷһ¶ҾͲȥҷͣΪǵۡ
ͷҲǡ
õķװǬˡ
һ¡ųס䣬ЩİҲֵֹģǸ㵽ʱҪ˵©죬үү֪
֪ʲô
ơ
ƺֺһ
ƿߣƫͷգ¶պͶܿƵغ
ɵô˵£Ҵ𣿣ģ
ŵļ磬ķŵ
.
ǣ񱻴úܲҡ
׷Ŵɽһһ£
ڰɷҼǵ㲻ôС˰ѩɽ˵Ұһ뷣ˣѽлú˵
ΪʲôҲˣΪ𣿣
ҳҵ¾⣬ѾˣԸΪԾƵİӦԼеԾƵķգ
ЦһʵҲԸõģ
񣺡ݡƣҡװˣ˵ôһƿ
׷žĲһ٣һãʵʲôţ
񣺡㲻˰ɣ
̽ԵĺĶսʤĴչһЩһ𾪡
˭һȵƣ˯췹˼Ҫ㸺𣿲ẢӶ˰ɣ

󻱽ӲأأתͷŲǡ顭ƣ
ã
ȶʼˣŬ͵ǡǸҾͺһڣ󲿷ֶ࡭źȵģԡҪǹ
˭˭ˣеԶû壿˯û˯û
ɫĥĥĹǺ
һ̣
ɱ㡪
þɱ㡪
һҪɱɡ
ɷֿˡ
ܵ졣
ֿտգһҲûɱš


26 
Сʯͷ㻹ʯĴ̫ã㻹ж٣ҡǸڤҲүүһã󻱷ƿСľݵķţ𼱻ǵؿڵ
ֲԤС
үүҪЩʲô
ĥĥģҪڤúøһʯȻѷ;һһ䴩ǣ
ţ
ʹûж˵ƺҲµΪʲô⡰йߡ϶˸
󻱸˵꣬ƳǽϹŵڤ
߹ȥ־Ҫȥá
ֻûǳͱ÷ȡˡ
ڤͨķڤߵĹ仯
Źֺ
⹭ǵһ١
󻱿ŰǹȥüСʯͷʲô
ŵҲͰˣүүΪֺȻҪͷȥ
󻱺һϵıǱʹСʯͷ㲻ˣ֪ܵίҲ֪Ƶˡ
Ȼ
һ
Ͳŷ
˵׻˵©졣
Ŵۣƽֱû˵ֻüë΢΢
ŵı飬󻱸ʹ֣үү֪ôίֲǰտôԾҲô䡭ģүүһȥ㱨ģ
˵˵žͺݺһӣҳ˷ĩ߲ѣᣬôµȥ֣Ҳоɣ
̧ͷ󻱣Ĭ˰ΣȻ
޵أ
סʲô
ƽ˵ĻȴԺը˾ף
ȶ֣һ̳ƼоҲҡ
ȻǷġ
ȴϷġ
ѷϵġ
ԣŷɲԵġ
ʵԺˣķѵʣ޼Ҳѣֻһ˫ã۾˵ԡ
Ҳû˹˼ɡ
.
ÿ뵽գܾ÷ʱֻǵ
ʲô
Խ˼ţбԽɬơ
.
˵ʯͷûģҲδ޹
ȷʵûпޣֻǺβմȾŲ⡣
һһػش֪ƣѯʣ
ţϲ㡭
ڶϣһϹǸ˵Ҵûϲ㣬ֻǷ纮ѡʱѪģ
.
󻱶ôסˣİССʯͷ
Ŵóǰڤݸ󻱣үүľоĻ罫ڤ׼ұǡ
촽˶ûӡ
ŵſãһЩ΢˵ţ㲻ᡭϲϷ˰ɣ
ųĬ˰Ρ
û˵ǣҲû˵ǡ
ֻ̧ͷ󻱣˵һƺºɵ飺
үү㻹ǵʮǰλң˽ǵĶ𣿡
۾˸һ£㡭㻹ǵãΪˡ
Ƿ𡣡ŵǾңˡ
󻱱ЩŹ֡
ûжԴ·ʲôֻǺһ˵֪ˣҲȥΪѷ㡭°ɡ
˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
ֻǱӰЩæ
.
ߺŰڤʰȻϴһ롣
յģֻ
޺ɫģոµĻ鱡
ͱòģдģѧš
.
ԼҹԵһʯͷ档
֡
֪ҪҪȥ
ȻѾͨ˳أҲʾղûţ˭֪ɥĲǲ⸽أ
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һͻȻӱ
һϽתͷʹ˽֡
ˣһ
Ű
ôˣͣһ£ǽĳűһۣүүûɣ
üͷ㲻˵˵©𣿡
ЩεӣʵұвȻģҪ־͹־Ŵ졭
үүģȰˡָָܵǸ֣ˡ
ģ
ԥһ£ѽôȰģ
ţ
Ų̫˵Խ棬ȥգգۣôˣ㵽ôȰģ
ƺǾ̫ˣ΢΢һͷҸģдҲҵĴ
áмŵļ磬ԼԭʵǴˣǹͬ
ͬ
˼ǷǣҲ鶯
תͷȴûȥ۾ֻǽĿڷ°ڴ
أЩڵؿʣ
աɻǵá巢ʲô
ɵ˰춼ûȵӦ
̧ͷһĿԽֱؿŵĴš
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Ǹ
ŵļ磬һڴţȥˡ
ţ
ץסĿҪҵӳǽ
Ըֳ޹ʲôǽʶֻûһƲءģзִ磬㱻ʯ¶ġ
˵꣬ϲ̵سȥˡ
˿˼ɫ
.
񣡡
Ϳһ۾ĵغ
Сףհȵ𣿡Цʵ
ˣллػͿӺġ
Ȼ뵽ʲôĿһ˿ţҡҽʵʡλɷħ˿Ϊġı˻飿
Ϳ˵⻰еһӦȻǣ
ɷſɷģҲÿġ
תһ룬ȷʵͦ׵ģϾԼͷϣ˭˭Ҳ
лͿ˵ֻᣬѾˡ
һ£˵ϻûҳɻ顣
Ϳ׺ĵЦЦ۾
Ҿ֪Ҿ֪ôһ
ȻֹЦҲĿⶨؿ
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ŹˣĿⲻơ
üʶŴܣţҰӦҪԻ±ܵġ
ҴδӦ
ȴۣģҲҵġ
һ
񡭡ֳˣΪֳˣͿɫš
ģµġԵͿ׵ļ磬תͷţˣ㣬ʲô£
ŵʦĪˣǹŵĵӣӦ顣
һ£㲻ѧˣ
̧ΪҪˣ

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ǡǻʦϵͿ׿ҡҡ׹
ѽֻᣬǧҪȥײһŸ첲ʹɫţ˵Բԣ
ţԣᡣ
ҧгݵЦ
ͿȻ֪ʲôݱ䵽ƻĳ̶ȣɼô˵ˡ
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գգۣ૵
ⵥۡ
ŵʦ𣬵ӽջһ󡣡
ʲô£
ȻʱʱĻļµ֢״ÿÿʦ̵ķʽԼ赼һȴǲҪ졭
գգۣʦɷٸһΡ֢״ڹѨ
˵ţԼ֡
̧Щߣ⻬˳Ƥ¶ɫĺ
ûзʲôԾֻýյǹɣȥССҪ
ڹѨ
ůָŵ󴦵ѨλϣһºͿҲעС
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Ƿ粻ȴǡǡ˷䣬ϵĺ¶˳
.
һ˵ϲźܴʲô
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ͣڵסһߺ죬ʼնûвʲôס
ſͿ׵ɫջ֡
ŷ˸º񣬴һĨǳЦ⣺ʦû飬ӱȻعˣҲٴ˳̸
ͷȥɡ
֪ΪΣȻýյţֱƵǹֶ¡



27 
ߺ󣬷׼תͷͿ죬ͷɫú֡
ͿӰװ׵ģȦģ˫ڰ׷۾ôģ˲ˮ
Сףôˣǰ˻Ρ
Ϳ͵ػعҲŵıӰ˻ЩİϡҡЩ͡иˡ
ﲻǹػʵǹиҽɣҽ˵ãҴȥ
üë۶ǵġ
鿴⡭˾ԼǱƵġ
Ϳ촽һ£ۣʹá
.
ڵǿʲôëԭ¹ʱʱЩ
Ǿ¶һ˵һߵͷץҩɢҸ㿪ɢؼȡĥڣ֢ܽ״Ͳ١
лҽɡ
Ǿ¶ץҩץһ룬ȻһԴˣȱһζѩĳƺ˰ɽѩڹӦ󡭡
˵ţƳһ׷ĳˡ
Щεһ±ӣȵѾõͷˡ
ͥһʿҪȥѩɽʩչЩָ
ӦָѩɽӦòһ£ѩɽָܻ
ѩѩɽƴ棬ȻЧѩЩɼЧãζǷ䳣еҩģʮѰͿ׺Ȼڵ
Ǿ¶ͿףȤؿ˵㶮ҽ
ͿЩ˼˵Ҹҽżȥֻ֣Ƥëˡ
Ǿ¶գգۣպȱֵġ
Ϳ㶣۾һӾҡҿ𣿡
һ£̧ͷҿڹɽ𣿡
Ǿ¶ˣȨ棬ϲ𣿡
Ϳصͷϲģ
ЦЦǱ°ɡ
.
񡣡Ϳ̧ۿС˵ԺҪÿմڹţ᲻ᷳҰ
ôᡣЦ˵Ҹ˻ء
Ϳ׵৵һ¾ͺ۾Ҳġ
ʵͿ£ĺܸˡ
Ϊվˡ
о񿴼õ֡
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ϾŭţͿ׵̬ȾҪºϺܶࡣ
ڣֻõԼضͿ׶ļɡ
ŶˣȴĹУҪŹף˺ٻ鱡Ȼ֮ܺ޳
һ뵽ϽǾ¶ﻹʲôǿħ˵ģҸ߼ۻգ
Ǿ¶ΪǸħСͽѰģ
ô֪
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ҲǣϾԭΪԼϲŵʱ򣬼ֱǺ޲ðϵǶſġ
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һ¾Ҫ鷳ˣܾʲôֹҿΪ̫СǱʲôԭ򡣡
áǾ¶
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.
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Ϳ
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ʵҵһμΪǸв֮ĵĻء۰ضҴˡ
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ЦһǴＷƵģҲʲôö

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αЦҳμͶĵˣ

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ָӵɫһţɫһΣһһšɫӵһΣһš
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δʧȥʶšһԴؿһ¡
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ߣ˯ǰһͷܽǲĶͷ

Žë˲
ʹء
ͷ
ոյһ㡣
ڷĶͷһŵǡ
˲Ϊֻʣࡣ
飬飬顣
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ৡ
ĽͻȻŵĲ
ǰѽڲ϶ŵĲܿͱϸСѪۡ
˳ǰѽȥ
ֳֳֻض
ӾʧѪɫ۾Ѫ˿Ķͷ촽˶ѹ͵Ųزסľŭ
ϣڶʦʲô


28 
ǣűֵú侲
㱻ץڶʦ󲻾ɫҲû˿Ļҡ
Եóصķŭƺ
һ̣ž΢һͷ촽²ĶͷϷüǡ
ͬʱƤ򳤰أ΢΢𣬻ɫͫ䵭ӳЩƵ
ŭӿҪû˵ǣ˫Ͻ磬һŭǵѹ

ɾǸҪͱ֮ʱһǿ󵽿ֲ͵سϮȥ
˲佫˳ȥݺˤǽϣ
ۣ
͵³һѪѵسŽվӣЩŵؿ򹥻ˡ
Ƿ

ʶط󣬲ſ˳صüʵأ㣿ո㹥ţ
ǡһ˫۾ضš
ʣ֪кͬǺ
֪
ظոձˣоǰʹĵ߹һַֻŴ齱ߵӣһ߼𽣵ţĿһĨݾҲҪɱ
Լᣬʵôˣ

ƺݣͨ죬ŽҲʼ
ֲͱţʶһ¡
ľٶ֪ô̼˳أҧгݵ˵˻ʦ󲻾
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29 
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ϸĻܴ۾пôһ˿˵


30 
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һ˲䣬Ȼ΢ع˱֮ӿԼڹ˵ϸס
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鵽ȴ˷޳֮ܵһ
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31 
ԭûħμŵļ̳ģΪʽ궼ûƺƴʵֻÿһλ̳ǰߵһ
ֱ󻱸˸š
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ŵıԥ˴βһִʣû¶û¶ˡû¶ˡ
˵ģͽӲŶ̲ס̧ͷЦʦοʱֻ˵һ𣿡

СҪͦࡣ
ֻǡü۱ʻȻûаֺµģ
ɡִ˴ŵţҿҲðοˣ㿴Ҷ񡣡
ſȷʵǱȷ
ɫ԰ײѣ촽ҲǺѪɫġ
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ġ
.
֪˶ãڷſ
סķЦ˵
ʦҪ̹ףմʦ͵ʦ𣬲


32 
ס
һ˲䣬Ժӵ
˵Ƿʲô裿Ϊʲôо
˵ǲǱոյ쾻ʯŻӣ
˵ǲԼոյľٶ̫İȫУŴ˿ЩңϾ־˺󣬱һԸҪ״Ҳ
˵ԭĴֳˡȥǸ᲻Щ죿
ŶˣС
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Ϊ˼ڻҸӣ˿һ仰Ҳ˵ԵЩ
Щŵ˼Ѿƿŵʱ
ź繵ؽͷڷľѣΪûоܾȾһĨŨЦ⡣
ʦܹ鲻˸ľͷһ޸оɡ
ŻǺŷãѩɽ˵ĻֻƣȻ䵽λϡ
ʳָ΢΢ڷĿöģƵʡ
ͷ͸ĻɫЦ⣺
ʦúÿ졣

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΢һȻ˵Ѫգһʱ嶯Ҳǿġ
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С۾ԲԲģԽɰһֻС¹
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ţ㡣

һʵʲôëΪʲôͻȻˣԭġ
̧ۿŷ΢΢Щʱ˵Ļظһ飺
ΪԣѪգһʱ嶯ҲӦõġ
˵գ§ŷٴȥ
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ľٶ𣬷ȻЩм
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ҲԺܹԵģԡ
˵գҧ˷ǡ

ոһ˿;ᡣ
ȷԣ


33 
ϸ롣
˵ʵе
ںűʯų˻飬ڻڼͬ˻飬ɵЩµģ鵽һʱ޷ԼԽ׳أű̱
źźٻҪٵȸꡣ
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ǳɹˣ
⣬źȻתӣ㽨ԭ֮һɡ
ѪյС꣬Ҫѳֲס϶ֶţ̾һ
ڵڶԭ򣬿¾šɫѬˡ
ϾʮͷСֵ꣬Ѫյַͣ΢ֹˮѹϵټϳȴְʯ⡭
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ϵСƿʳָĶͷһ£侲㡣
һ£òʩһ£
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ָƽ΢üë
á
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ͬˣ顣
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űǹɵڴϣ˫ַ˫ϥŷ˵һֻĹ
Ŀ÷Ȼʱڹɽ֮ʱ
ʱȥħǺͻͫҲ֪Լɧλϱֻ̬ΪԼ𾴵ʦ
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ɫЩô죿
ź̾һʦ˵ѭ򽥽˳Ȼ
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˳Ȼأ
ʱѣһ˳Ȼˡ
Ľͺԣֺ񲻶ԡ
ﲻԾҲ˵
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ŵ촽䣬һ̣ȴһŻڴݼӿ˵촽ůˡ
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źЦЦ
ۣٴ˷


34 
ʦʦǵһӵ·ͼ
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پͷЩε˵Ϊ̫ˣͨķСͲ֪жôΣա
ȴüº͵ЦЦ𣿿Ҵδ޴ֻ¸ԼӦҲܳȴȥˡ
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35 
һ˲ļž
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÷ⴲġ
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䣬ŵĸĸ׺ħ弸λѶţ׼Ŷ
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ʼˡ
̾˿֪Ѿȡʱ䡣
ʱ򣬼Сﵱҩİɣˮسȥ书ЧֵҲʮ֮һ
ɻƤǣֻɡ
ǸոСѪһʱƻûǸħߣԼЧ
ʵϹèӡ
.
̽ľŷСͱ˶˼ǣھҸӣ֮ʱգضĴңΪ
СЩᡣ
ֱɱʵ˷ǲɱԺǸ
𽥷ãһС˽ǣԾ󻼡
쵶նػٵС˶Ǽǣٽʣµܹ볣죬ɱնϵĽǾǱ۵Ժѷɸˡ
ĻΪޣ󼴱ҪΪķҲʲôˡ
ⱾǸħûʲôϧġ
.
ֻû뵽С˯Ѻ󾹺Ȼǡ
Ȼû˵˫ɫ۾ȴգգһؿ
Ұ˽ǡԺ̶ʹ򲻹ˣҪ¶ˣ𣿡
Сﲻ֪ûص˵ͷ
ЦͷǸҲƵǸѣҽзԺԹҿĽǣɽѰ𡣡
Сǹɵص˵ͷ
ʧЦ֪˵ʲô𣿡
Сͷ룬Ȼ˿ڡ
˵ʱһһЩѣǸѧ˵Сһ˵Ƿڹɽ˽ǣҡǺá

Сõļǡ
.
̧ۿ󻱣üͷ
֪Ѽ£Ϳ˵
Сʯͷɡ֮Թܶ෽޼£Ҳ֪⣬Űܣħʹɽܽʱֻа޹˼ɴؿĽǣ᲻ʲô״ʲô⣬顭ġ
ʱʵû˰취Сʯͷħ̳ˣ⣬ֻýȥ߱ɽʱʱǰȥ̽
ȥȴɽΣεڵϣһʱϲ㽫ȥ
󻱻ȥһƣŷСʯͷǲ֪ô˿ϣֱܹһء
էһǺͨħһģһûʲôͬˡ
Ϊ
ԭΪСȻָģʧȥɹʱļ䡣
󻱣үүôˣ
󻱲̸ҵ飬ƭ˵㲻СĴаɽҺñȣ˻˽ǣԺˡ
Сգգ۾ȻЦλҴӴ̶˳ҸǺأ
.
Ҳǲ֪ԭλ˸ǣؽа֮˵ɾ㡣
תͷһ˵
Сʯͷ˲ͬȻǣûˣȴǽпܻ±Ϊа֮ֻòԱֹڸɽסҲҲҲںھ
˺ΪֹܻܿԭأôӵǣٳΪ
󻱶һ£Щɬֻȫ֮£ѾһֱԾԾҪĴҽǣҪһġ
ӮˣŻ
ˣŻ±ع
ģֻһܹһ㣬һ㵽
Ĭ˰Σ̧ͷ󻱣ΪʲôɹճʱǺ𣿡
󻱣Ǿ˲ͬͿպسɴ󺦣˲ýϰ˵ƣСʯͷҲȵţΪûʩԱ㲻ʩǸΪħңɺôƽƽ
󻱶һ£ΪŭЩ
ǡ֪ô꣬ںȻͳһҵĽƣӴ˱һʰ
ָ΢
꣬Լ
÷С˷ݡ
Сӵз
Сϵķݣһ˫۾һڴԺѧ˷Ҳ÷ŷˣֻǲ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ򡣡
ھܡ
ЦŽָĶͷЩ
άϵݸ߷ɡ
.
ҡ
۾ɤ˵
½Ҷ𡣡


36 
ϵǣ֪һжɷʱ󻱲ûйŭ
ֻãȻ󻺻˵
Եʻᣬ
ۣʩϵݸ˼֣Сʯͷд˽٣Թˡ
±޽𣿡
󻱿Цһ£Щ룺н⣬ԴУ
.
صɽʱɫȻ

չն꽣ƺѾһ֣ԽڣֵĽ⼸ƺҹ
ңңȥ°ڿзתеĳҲǺںнýε
ڿת˸䣬һ˲ͺȻסˡ
һ۾͵
𳤽
ļҲãһľ룬˹
ʱ̣ͷδҲȾź죬ͫξӳǹ⣺ʦˣ
ʣ˶õĽ
ʦߺ㿪ʼˣһδͣ
һ˲֣ͷϸôЪһ
ЦЦϷֻ΢ģ׼ߵ֣Լ̵ϣʦ˵ţұøЩʦơ
һ£üͷ΢΢Щգֻ⼸սЩ֪ʲôʱͻƿ
ۡ
Զˡ
㱻ҿ˼ǣֱүүסǶ塣
޽Ŀܡ
ŵӱһЩ㽫ַ۷ı飬۾ǣϷ֣Ȼʵˣʦոȥҽʲô
Ŷûʲô¶ع̧ͷţֻûиʺĲҩ
ʵʦ𲻱ǰѾΪѰҩ̧ͷ죬۾⼸ҵһЩŵٿ̿Щͻơ
ֻؿ΢£Щ
ʶأսǣ֡
ŸܵǣŲһ΢΢˺죬ŲԾЩƫͷŷЦ˵
ʦҲúףҪݵزʦģҶɵײΡ
ȻһεأĸԸͬҵ޽Լ
Ĭ
ɷȴؽŲһ٣ɤ˵ء
ס
תͷ
ɫ΢ڰ׷ҹɫмƵϲֻ̣ǰ㼱ȥȥס
Ŵδģ
ɷüֻ·ֻ֮ʣһˡ
ɫӳ۾Ź⣬¶˵
鶯
Ŀ⿴ţסײҲûʲôʯϵĻԼűãҪѰð飬Ѱͺˡ
źһɳƣʦ֪˵ʲô𣿡
֪ŵ۾һһҾҪͬ׹밮ӡ
˵գΪ˱ԼľƵġ
۾չȥŵĲӣȥ
һ̣ͱ˽סŲˣֱֱںĴϡ
ͬ
мܡ
ûһ;úˡ
ᴭƿţŷſһ촽˫Ưŷһʳ֪ζղܵģ
˵ʱǸҧ֣Ѫ֮ҪٺȵС
ʱʹ֡
˿Ҳͬľٶ
ĵ̾һóһ˲Ʒȥɣʱ˾Ƽ˲á
۾˲ʳһ
ֻеһת˲䱻˵Ĵϡ
ͬ£ȴ
һһ˵ԼĻϲ
ʼʦ𣬺˷
Ҳӿʼʱϲ񣬺·䱦С
ΨһͬǣŰһʰ
е˲ƷƮƮ䵽ϣ֮ģ޳֡
ֻڽ׵Ĵʮָۡ
ƺ࣬ѡ
.
ʱŻ˯š
Сһҹ㾫ٺã˿Ҳ
Ƿʶǿ󣬴˿̾Ҳûʹѣһս
˯жһţһ̲סйƵա
Ҳգ۾ʶץַŵһһ£˷ֲŻ˯ˡ
̾һ׻ָ˲Լա
Ȼ·ƿӾ˴
˫صһ̣һ
Լġ
תͷ˯ŵţֻϣԵݹƣ֮⡣
֪εʲôϲ¶˯촽ĵ
ҵ
ҧ޺޵롣
.
Ų鸡ܵҽݣǾ¶ЩѪҩ
Ǿ¶ҩ԰ｽˮԶԶƼ㿪ڵЦϣϾͷôأ֪ģΪŮأ
ɫȻͱЩŹ֡
Ǿ¶߹ȥڷǰ˻ΣôˣҿЦģ˭֪أ㲻Цɣ
ֲȥֲ˰ɣԼȥҽЩѪҩ
Ǿ¶ʼ磺аɣԼȥá֪λðɣҩ㣬ڶ񡣡
ͷתȥˡ
ֻǲЩ١
Ǿ¶صҩݣѾˣֵǣڶҩûб˶ҷһͨ
Ǳ˼飬Ǳļ飬Ǿ¶Ҳ֪
.

׼ģžͱˡ
æǼֲϣڵ
ǳء
⼸ղ֪ȥپôˣղ½֡
󣬾ͽеŵȥ
ʦеĵǵ·ϳһֺҪѯʵҪ·УҪ
еţü滭úںһŵģԵľܿʲô
ŵĵӻղŽ仭ʦο
ô˵óֽʸ
̧ͷһ̣Ȼסˡ
۾ŷһҧۣһ
ĿƵЩëԵԼĲӣôˣ
ŻŻŵջߣӹֽʣûûʲô
Ķ̫ţֽʱ鰸ϵкͱʼȫˣڵī֭һ
æҵȥǵͨ졣
ʹīֽ֭ʼܷüأôëꣿ
ɳȴûشĻ۾ֱֱضĶ
á
ͷһƣ㿴ոձ¶˳
ֱ¶ǵݵسڳֱߡ
˫Щ¶
ɲ
ô졷

̧ͷĿֱ飬ţʦ𡭡
һЩҽоѧϰķ򣬱Ͼˣѧ¶
䣬һŲ
һϤӰ˳
£ۣһ˯ѵģȴŽЦ⣺
ʦôң



37 
иʰıֻһء
Ŵ߳ţӶҪµľѡ
ȴƺ˿ûпڵգߵ˷ߣ̽ȥƷеţЩɢ
ʦѵ磬æʲô
ĿŵĶĿѡ
űֻһ£΢ڵѩ޵¶˳
ټ걾һɫģ˿۲תЩЦ⡭Ǹ˻ǵˡ
ųضϵĿ⣬ʶü
̧ųЩ
ȥ·ٳ
еЦŨһЩ
ǡ˳Ӧ
תһ̧̣°Ϳ۳أüĿ֮λεҫơ
ž
µҲڱˡ
.
ʩӸԭĵ׳̾˿
֪
еҲͬһ̮óˡ
֪ǻһ޶ȣħצԼµӵĶ
Ĵ˳𺳲ѣҲûпѯʰ֡
ֻĬĬֽʣֽЩػԵǺֳʸ˷
ػտʴòңҲװ׵ػ˳
ͷ޶Ŀ
Ǿ֡
ͼƣæȥЩӣ·УҪ֣ԺȥԽ
ص˵ͷʹҴ뿪ˡ
ߺŲƵش·˳
Ƴһۣǻúô·ôոմܳˣ
ϾܳƼʵǲ׵
ҺóǸӣҪˡ
ŲûлӦָֻЦǣϷ֣۾ģҸո˵ˣҪȥҲҪһȥ
д⣬˳Ƶ˵ͷãպÿԿսΣȥʰһ£Ǽ̳
ȴûʲôʰģն꽣㣬㹻ˡ
Ҳǣ㿪ʼʰԼĶˡ
ֻʰʰţͷЩԾ̲סü
ôˣʵ
иǬҲˡ˵
ţʲôҪĶ𣿡
ûʲôҪĶֻʯƬƼ
ʵƼˣҲûʲôðɡС˵ѾһѵԶԶȥɣ
Цһգڹͬһͬѧϰһ껹ŰɣӰ첻á
ƲƲ죬ͷ
ҲŲ
ҵˣ
һҵǸװʯƬǬѰ˸ط
.
Ȼûɽȴڷָͻͽ
ڷİ£ʱͽǾóͱ
ɱҪĵ·УҿҲûôѡ
ŲϵѪǳԵõĽ佫뽣ʡ
ﲻɱֻҪʬЩô
Ŷ
еĹ̾͵һЩЩɥشͷ
һۣҵڶʮ˽ǵ׻ۣҪЩ˲ܽɱ
һ£Цŵͷ
ûһˣʱھͽɱˣСŻǺġ
ƫͷС˵ֲСӣŲ䡣
ˣ仹ĺ
.
ľſڵϣӣʬܿͽӲƤҲûˣһɽ
ǽأոձͱĵطһ޺ɫĻ
ǻұƺǽҰܵʬڱ컨ȥеɫ
߹ȥǶ仨ժ
仨ժһ̣ɽҰӲʬ壬˲ͻΪ̻һѡ
һ紵̻ƮƮشˣֺۼ·δڹ
ţ֡
߹ȥ󣬷ǣ֣ȻĻŰϡ
ţʩԷ컨ͷŽڽŵƤ
ֻһĨǳķɫӡǡ
һ£ʦʲô
͵һζҩȷе˵һζܸܰĸҩ
̧ͷʦ·УԴΪ˸Ѱҩ𣿡
˵ͷ
һ˲ͱ˽סǸ˵ԴСһľѡ
СԴȻ˳̽̽ľ
Ȼϣžƽ˳ȣ̽ʱ֪ǿ˼֡
ʵ˸˴ŵСѡ
ʬĺ컨ȷϺõĸҩиСȻ
רЩ˾á
ʹõʳԹ
.
˫޹;ԼŲ鸡ήҲ񣬷ţȴȡ
ԳԼ⸱ģǱ
û뵽ҽݣǾ¶Ҳô˵ע⡣
ѰЩҽ̽̽Լŵ磬ŷ־ˡ
ȷʵǲ
˵ЩҵĽǺ޽⡣
ɷƫƫײҵ˽֮
ΪʱʳѪŻ˽ǵԵʣ屾ԷѪ֮п֮ƣټű⣬˫֮ʱŲŻ᲻Կصʳ˷
ǻ˼ϵع֮ǿ֮ɣħĲƷ
ǳϼϡܱġ
ֻҪʳȥʱգͻϵҲѹơ
ЩҸӣڳ˵ĽǣҲ·̽ͷ
νȫ֮ߡ
˵ʲôȱ㣬ҲǷЩˡ
˫֮£֮Ҳȫų⣬ҲƲǳԿ
ڱʳ
ֵز治ѣ綼ûмܴùģЩûôҪˡ
㱻ӽ飬պ󲻵Σ
ں
ң˫ޣžʢҲܲͬ˫ޡ
һ˫һΣһʮΡ

ţް
˵ĵٶȻϲٶȡ
.
ʵ֤
̫ˡ
.
һ
޿̵ӣЩϢȵŭ
ȥ


38 
СץסĽף˶ãһģʦϾҪɻһˣֹκ˷ϲѶҲͰˣȻˡ
ҧΪϡ
գգۿ޹ˡ
ˡ
һжΪС
һۣԱ˵
Сӱ۷Ź˹
.
òҩǾ¶üʵ
šһߴŹǷһָãɤӵض
Ǿ¶ӣһվվȵģտǷʲô飿֪Ѿ߻زҩ𣿡
ĵص˵ͷ֪û£ҩ
Ǿ¶Ӻƹ־Ҫȥ󣺡𶯣ҸѰ㵽ôˣô顭
ֻûͱ㿪ˡ
գգۣ˵Ǿ¶ⲻ㰡ԭҩɴûôĥĥġ
ǵһѪȥǾ¶ҩǾ¶Ҳֻǰҩδѯʲôֻ֮ǰѵϵѪҲɾ
Ǿ¶ƳһۣԭҲû
·˵ûѪɫ嵭ü֮価ǿʣǾ¶ΪЩѪǱ˵ġ
ҩЦúνҪǲңҾȥұˡ
Ǿ¶̾˿׻˲ҩ
Ǿ¶ҩݸһ̣۾ĳҪʲô¶һҪ˵Ҿڵ״̬ر𲻶Ծ
š
ЩܵӦ͵
еҩЦųǾ¶ֵ˸лת뿪ˡ
.
Լʲô״Լúܡ
״Ҳ
ҩֱ

˵
ˮ֮ϣһնȥˮǧɡ
羪κˡ
ɫƽƺϰ
ĳϵġ̶̿ȡ˷ԤڣĹҲ졣
һǰնɱҪʱȴֻһ
ˣϵҲʼϡȥ±䣬Ǹʱһ̨ס
.
ʦֺҩеĽƫͷ
ûСЩԶЩ
ִļϣʮشչȥ
еҩüһЩͷԵҧһ촽ʦѡ
Բ۾һסҧ۵촽һƿʲôкܶӾ
̧ۿۺ档
šʦ˵ûȷʵкܶӾ
ĸҩġ
Ŀɿڴؿǡ
ۼǶӣȺ̾񾪹֮һϡﻩʹöݵ˲ʧӰˡ
Цſ˵ûУʦʱ̹۲ء
̧ͷһȦ
ţȻûˡ
˲̤ʵ
ʦûңΪʲôҪôƵسҩżʵ
ĬһȻ̾һЩʹұǲ˵ġ
һ㶣ȻЩˡ
ʵȷʵ˲ҩ
ŻŻŵʦҩ˺ܾãÿ˵ⲡʲôʱеģ⵽ʲô𣿡
һۣ̾˿ҡҡͷ˵
ʦ𡭡ס֣Ų
̾˵۾ǱʹʵܰΣֻҴδͬ㲻Ը⡣
һ£æ˵ԸģʦҪʲôʲôԸ⣬ʦ⵽ʲô
۾Ĭ˰Σ
顣
ţ
ĬĬס֡
ֽס˫֣һֿţʵֻҪԺ΢һ£ұٳҩˣ
ţƵʲô̶ȣ
оԼ񿴵ʤ⣬۾ˣһһξУһξٺòˣ
ţ
̧ͷĿֿ
ʦԺҩÿնö˹ȥѪɲ֮״ЪϢţȥ׽ֻոѪȡ

ް
ίѣţ֪ʲôʦص𣿡
ִָ֣⣬۵մȾǳЦ⣺
ֻ֪ĳ˼ҹҹҷң治

.
˵ϣ׽һֻС
ǼޣɻδǵСȴ졣
žҧۺѪ֣üСӹҹ
Ƿʲô裬İ׽ˣǼޣ㵹ǲĳ鷳Լ˳⸱ģ
ȴ˿֪ʹ㣬üĿ価ҫЦ⣺ʦҰ
Ȼ㡣üСŵ֣úõ˳𣿡
⻰˵˳ڣûһԥӦһ㡣
ȴһ㶡
漴üĿЦЩۣʦҴ
üһۣĿڿһӲˡ
ˣҲûŵҪ
ϾһŸҪӦ
ͻС˳һҲûʲô
ۣΪʩȻᴵ˴𣿡
һ̣ͱһһ½һµǡ
۵׵ĻˣҲ˵Сһһһ£·أ۾Ȼգ촽ôײƵġ
Сֿʼ˳ŷʱ̾һԼϵԴƿʱˣ˯ɣȥҽݡ
ţôˣʦȥҽʲô
ָϵ˿ڣվӣҧ˿ڷͬһ㣬Ҫ볹׸ΣҪҩΪ
ҾѾûʲôˡֱŷȥЩز˲䡣
ʳָŵĶͷԼϵԴٶƿ
Ҿаȥ˯
һҲվǣϷ֣۾ģһҲԸֿͬҺһȥ
һ£˵ͷҲá
.
㵽ҽ֮󣬷ɿǣһ֣Ǿ¶ҹһ֣ͬ黹һЩ֡
һûסѷһߣ˵ǸʵҽһЩԡ
̹ʲôԣ
Ǿ¶
Ǿ¶Щԥüջ˵ˣǴĪģ϶޻̸֮ʶôˣܵģܡ
̾ʲôԣ㵹Ǹѽ
û£Ǿ¶ػ֣˲֪ʲôˣһ֪Ǹ۰Сʲô¶
һ£۰Сӣ
Ǿ¶һֱضǵţ˶óɣ
Ǿ¶ķļ磺֪Сͽ츳ߣһ٣˲ˡɶĵӣ㼴ƫģҲҪƫĵô԰ɣԽ̵ģƷѰģߣ粽ġҾû飬ŭԴѾǺܸˡ
һ£ʵҲĵ㣬ֻЩ˵Ժעġ
תͷţˣűˣѾƹˣٸЩҩ
Ǿ¶ƳһۣԸţ
ߣ
Ǿ¶̧ۿ⣬̧̧°ͣ£
Ŀһֱûţеߡ
Ǿ¶⸱ģãٴȥضɣֻ߹ȥ˼䣬ת뿪ˡ
Ǿ¶üŷԶĿ⣬ԼһͷģԼ˸ţ֯Ůӡ
̾һ֪ʦЩҥôˡ
˫Ϲҩ֮Ǿ¶ʣбĵط𣿡
ŵ˵ͷƿԼ䡣
ɫ䱻קȥ
ֱϣһ͵ҧۺȻС
ո¶÷ˣŸҽ˿¶Ǿ¶ơ
ϾҧɼǣѪģʮֿɲ
Ǿ¶ȴֶûĿָǾ˵˿ϡ
ֱ㶵ؿǵ޺ɫӡۡ
һι̫ĶȻ϶ȻӡҲԽԽԡ
Ƕ޺ɫĻ׵ţޡ
ۡ
ȻǾ¶̧ͷţʵ㡭㲻ħôֶ
Ҳˡ
кȻһǿҵģԤӿҪɣ
ʲô


39 
Ǿ¶ۣԼϵĶ㲻ʶ
ţǡʦιҵĲƷʲô

Ǿ¶Ȼ뵽ʲôֱȥ̽ŵľ
ھ̽ʱҲûʲôͬԽ̽Ǿ¶оԽǾžڵ纣ɲ⣡
һʮͷħӵе

ǡڴʱһʱʱԼȫʦʢеҥԺײԺ
ԭԭ
仨ӡǵʲôΪʲôܳϣǲʲô
һһѯԼǱñ䱩̾ʹǾ¶˼·
Ǿ¶л㱵ػع
ͻȻǾ¶Щˡ
һԼģԼ侲
ţ̧ۿţЦЦ
ǶȻǾʬϲܿʹܰ˸õ
˵һ
ţոΪʲôô𾪣һħ˲ӡǣ
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üԼòԾ
ʦңȥɱľ˵Щվӣûʲô£Ҿˡ
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𼱻ǵȥҴ˰춼ûҵּҴһ˲Ʒƿ˶š
Ͽķŭ
ӻ㵽ʲô
̧ͷӲŻ˰ɣҹܹң
Ǿ¶һӸͲѣ˫޸ǹˣأǾԸͦǿͿɾǰɣΪԼ
ɫһ䣺ô֪
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׼˵ȴȻü⡣
ꡣСǳȥ˵Ҫˡ
ǶסһˣۼѾһ˲ƷǾ¶ȵһ¡
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.
˲ƵҽݺԺոշŵʲô
ҽ飬йڶȻ˵
ŷȻýŵɫǾ¶Ƴһۣģ÷ĹˣСӷġ
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룬˵Ķһһʮض˵ˡ
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̲סʵַ֪ﲹ¶𣿡
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ÿʮҪȥһΣ״򲻶˽֪
֪ΪʲôҪôⶼǷġ
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.
صʱŹǾ¶صǱҽڿ
ȥˣŷе飬̧ͷ
εһеЦС˸Ϳеӡ
չȥеҽ飺ڿʲô
ȻŴۣʦһҷʮ⻨Ҿ֪֡
ѺǾ¶˹Ӹ뻻ã֪Ҳûʲô⻨֪ҲõԼȥժǡ
˵̧ۿţţôˣΪʲôƲֵģ
ȴͷû˵
վӣߵǰָȥƽüëʲôĵ͸Һ֪
ŵֻ֪ǽҺȻȻЩ̤ʵվһ
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Žʱġ
űúúõģȻ۵һһѪ
ֱͦͦشӿ׹еĽҲ䵽˵ϣһ󳾻ҡ
˴󾪲ѣ׷ǰȥۿ
ֻзɫ򾲵߹ȥɢȺѾεŴӵϱ
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磺ǡ
꣬ͱ߽ҽݡ
ſ볣죬ֻͨĻ֢״ϸͻᷢÿһǽڷ϶ðЩ⡣
ƺǷǳʹ࣬۾촽׷вϳһЩ߽ͷҲϸ亹
ŵϵһ̣е߽
ںʦ𣬺šۡ
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ƺû˿Чãŵ촽
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ԣܱûкá
׼ãȴԼֱŽץסˡ
Ƿһֻ֣һЩŤƽӹ˵ҩ
ŷĸ첲š黨Ǿ¶üֳͲˡ
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鲻
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СذԼ󵽷ִ˳ִչȥʮȻأοƵŵĶͷȻվӣϵĴˡ
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֪Ϊʲô𣿡ȴЩԳΪ˵羴ң˵ʮǰҾ˸ǡ
Ͳ֪ʱһСģϾ׽㣬㵱ҩá˵ҲΪˣҵˡ
Ƿģֺֹһ£ͨΪңɱǵҲңϴԼ⣬ô򣬻ʯϿ˵ֽǰһһܲ𣿡
̾˿Ҳա
Ǿ¶ţȻ뵽ʲôˣǣպ˵ܵʯˣʱǲǾܺˣطҪһ𣿡
һ㶣ҾûЩ
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ҲǸ
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ž
һ޴
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ʩչĽ类˴ƣһ˵ĴƮƮȻ䵽ϡ
ϵӱĿ紵ҡڣƺڲҩϵҩһء
εڴϵħ֪꣬ʲôʱվһһ
ɫڳ˫Ŀ죬ϹЮŴδɷ
ɷ⾪ˣȴͨħаͬعֻ֮ǿţ;úӽŵë־塣
ŷ֮ģһҧгݵģŷߺŭ𣬼Ǵӵ
ңʲôǸʲôǻ


40 

Ǿ¶ǽ׼ӡ
ȴһס졣
Ŀ⼱Уʧȥҩ𣿡
Ǿ¶Ϊεҡҡͷһรı顣
ĬȻ
ɿǾ¶֣һ롣
ӰɣĿ꣬һ˳ܱǡ
ûüлǾ¶һ̶ûӰˡ
Ҳһץ
ûѹƣźȻͱЩͬ
Ӷôһ㡣
飬һЩ
ſңлú˵
Щŵ֡
ɵģƫСӣ˿ȴûſ
ͷøһЩܿͷ۵׵Ѫ˿ħļǼϷ۾
ֻǷҲûǣǶЩȵģ˿ȴ絶Уܴһеĺ
ſڣһһ٣ǴǻзƵģɭɳƣ
ƭҡ
Բ𣬶ҵĴôң̧ͷ濴
ɫһеȻ
˳ƴѣָ΢һڡ
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ţ뵽һվᱻ㷢ֻ֣û뵽һջ졣
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Ҫܿ޳һѱһŵǸܱһɰͰ͵ĶԲҪһЩ
Ҳֿ
.
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Ȼ뵽ʲô۾һӾһ㡣
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ﶼҲš
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ڸոЩԭҵĽǣ϶Ὺʼ
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㲻һֱҪΪҲһѭ򽥽𽥳ȥ͵Ĺ̡
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٣ԭȵļƻ֮ڣһҪһġ
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ұ˹ɽɽ˳ħ緭˸춼ûҵŵټ
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Щƣ߽ãΪĵǲһ½ѧȻר־ؼѰš
ߵſڣûüţԼԼŵ֣Ų̾Ͷ
ĵл֪ŵټ
Źϵǳ
ͣſڣ˼
ȥĶˣⶼüûӰ˰ɣ
᲻ǳȥѰʲô챦ˣ
˵ʦʮʦܽһ׼ʲô
֪Ͻʦ˵׼;ŰپʮŸ
ݽĿɲɣͷе

Ӷ·ˣʦʮʦܿ飡


˼ˣҪΪȫʦŶ֪顣

һˣԭΪ޷죬ʵѾ˽֪
ƿ߽ȥ
ոӵĿռʱһƬ
ÿ˵϶Щִ١
񱻴ˣһ
ĿһɨȥƽȴЩ󣺡ô֪ģ
ǷŹϵӦҲ˻뵽Ȼ˻ɣ
˾һ˲Ȼһ˾Ͱ͵˵ʦʦ׿ڸҵģ
ҡҲǣֻпǣ֡ȻŶңҪҿĻ鱡
ֻҥ֮󡭡ڿ϶࿴Ǽۣ¿žҳǵĹϵʲôûš

Сӵ˼
ۣǣ𴽽ǣЦˡ
һ뵽ƿӣЦݾͺȻסȻֻɢȥ
ʦİɣԵݶ׫ŰɣСʡ
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̧ͷĵǣֻǽҳˣ˭Ϣǵüʱͬϵ
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𾪲ѡ
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ʲô޳ӵϷӣ
.
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ԽԵ÷
ҹûЪϢҲЩԲ
ȰҩˣȥѰɡǾ¶ǿӲذѷλϣһҩ
ҩһں꣬Ȼó䣬ͬ˵
ţ㵽Ķ
ţͬ˺òãڵ״ʮΣա
֪˴£ʲôԣңòã
š
ǱһӦǰһ
ͷ
Щɥջʱȴһ˻
ͫȻ
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Ȼһ©Ѱ˵ĵص㣬Ȼײ˷Ժ
߱ɽ
굽ɹʱĵط
һֲԤĵŰ
ŻŸϹȥ
߱ɽϵĽɴڣֻȴ֪˭ײһ
Ƕ߹ȥܿ㷢һ˿ħѪ
ǵħ˵Ѫɷع֮ҲմȾЩ
š
ŲԽæ
˳ѪѰȥϪĶа棬߽߱ɽ߶Ѩֻ䱸ѨҽеĴ̶֣߽谵ĶѨ
ȻһֻԼһţֻצӱϥǣŵġ
С


41 
߽ɤӺţ
Сɰͷϥû˿Ӧ
һ
߽С̽Եļ
С͵̧ͷ۾žֺͻҡ
촽˲ȴһ仰˵
Ųʶˣ֪Լˡ
ֻǶ̶ѣֻǶ̶죬ֱʮǰǸģ
ȻһжĴ̫ԴˣΪ˫֮һʧûʶ¶бʡ
ֻһΡ
Сƺǲϲתͷ׺ݵԷŭҪߡ
ɷûߡ
۾رС
С嶼
һ룬ЩҪƿƲݺݵҧ˷ļ

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˷ѪҺСȻͱ˳Ҳûиտʼǰˣ˿ڣͼסӿѪ
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СҲϲѪ
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̧ۿŷɫòҰףץŴȴԵԽ
ôҹǾҳ˸ųȥͻ𣿡
ǡֻͣǰˣҲҪܣٴһʱ䣬ȳκˣҲΪˡ
Ҫȥ
ԥһ¡
˵ģѾ죬ͷϹħǿñڸǣҲָ
ǡ
ԡŵ۾˵ҪǳȥĻܵģҾҲˣҲٸιҩˡ
Ҳơ
üٱɹҲν𣿡
ؿԼѪĳˡ
ֻҪٿ㣬Ҳν
ˣǺܸ˵ģҲԸһͬ˵
ȫͨҲû취
ֻ̾˿ոЩ̫ѣյҩҲιˣЪϢһ
ǰһŵͷ뿪
˫۾ãֻҪһţͻ̱ҧֹǡ
Ƿֻջ֡
ǱһЩߺϷӣҪǾģơ
żҪ̲סֱߵĶϷʱϽ÷뿪ˡ
.
ﶼ㲻ϣ϶ǲԸȥҧĲˡ
ǵڶ죬㽫ԼѪǰ˳
Ѫζ̫أֻҪ۲Ϲ̾ŵʲô
ѪҲųġ
ԥһ£Ǿ¶Ѱһζҩ˽ȥ
㽫Ѫͨҩģ
Ѫձ˵ǰͱˡ
̧ۿ

ͼ뿪ң͵úҩ
ţǲȣҪһ𣿡
ع
ЦǾͱɹˣͿɱңҲٿˡ

һЩε̾һţҪƢ
仰֪ô͵ȼŵ񾭡
˲ը˹
ûƢֻ㣬ֻһ۶ٿ㡣˼꣬ҲˣǸСˣܱܲҵС
ĬΡ
վӣٸҩ
ɲȡ
ʩ˶ൽ
⿪һ̣Ҳ³
˱㽩졣
.
ûкѪͷϵħֳһЩ
Ͼͻ±Ϊ
ȴɾܾĲҩ
ˤ˲ʮѪ
Щƣˡ
ǱһصġҩøոշѪ˿ڶʼʹ
ۡ
ǿȻȻ÷ϣɵűüۣδʹǣƤ͹Ǻ߹Ƕʼʹ
۵һ¶ӡ
ţ
㵱治ҩ
ҩžӶġ
һ飬㵱ǲҩ𣿡
ۿĿЩƣȡӲҹȥˣҲЩҩƳιҩ㲻һԾ󻼡
һһ˵˺üá
Ȼתӡ
ΪҪˣȴǽѰһ˹
һ£ʲô
û˵ֻ÷ӽŵֽŶ
ֻһ˲žͱ֫󿪵ذڴϡ
ͼȴôҲ
ʲô㻹Һҩ𣿡
㲻ǱҩҲ³𣿡
ʲô
һߵߣֽ⿪Լ
̧ۿţҲտʼǰ᣺
ȻúúҩֻñķӰ㲹ˡ


42 
ۼȥۣŲŷڿЦ
ɫ̾ͺɳˣס֣ͣ£
ȴţȥ·
һһ߷ĸû졣
ʩ˸
.
Ǿ¶˵ûһ˫޵ֵʮѪ
ۿŵħۿɼٶọ̇̄Ҳ˻ȥ
ȣҪǻɺѪҲúϸü졣
ϾһܸźѪ
û취ֻЩٵش
ҧͷ
ֲΪʲôԭ
̲סȥͷľ
Ȼָӣһ˵Щѵýü
ȥŵ촽
ҧ
ŵǺܼġ

һ죬ֽŵӾȻ뱬ѿ
˶סˡ
ĸȫƣǷҪնǣЩôƾͽնˣ
ȵȡ
һŵؿţ
ֻһС룬˫޻û꣬ǹؼʱ̣ûѹƣ϶´ɣ
ſŭغۡ
ˡ
롣
ιҪʧˣ»ӡ
ɻûȷϸмõžͺȻ˸ӣѹ˴ϡ
ȻȻΪΣ볣޼ָȴԴڹĴϡ
ִֻϷȰĲ֪ŷƤ¾ͬǯסŵģӲı
ΪҪԼ
˫ȴ˸λã̧°ͣݺݵȥ
ش׺ݣҰڿ
˷촽ѪѪʼӡ
Ӳһ£ۡ
ŵĶͽأأỺ
ʶ֮ʣƺܵľѡ
һֱʪĶƤ
Уһɳɬ˵
ΪǰǱ
ԭŰѽҲͻˡ
Ȼ˲٣ϲɺء
ʶʧһ롣
.
һۣͿ
ŵħǺȫָ
Ѿûˡ
˫ƯĻɫ۾˲ӳ˵ֻһϣƿˡ
˫޹á
૵
Ȼ˵ؾҪȥŵħǡ
ȴŲˡ
ŴӴۣЩ䵭ˡ
۾ЦЦã֮ǰȿָôˣ
˵ţץסŵ
ɻûžͶ㿪ˣ
̾һֻ÷ˮת
ԭź޲ϣҲˡ
ţգգۣţҺǸ㿽˺Ļһ
Ƴһۣɫ˵
㲻
ָһԼЩ׵촽۵Цδǣ˵øذ
촽ϿһЩѿƫͷ
׵ÿһͷ˿ƺİա
ļĳһǰѧ䣬ǺúѧͲˡ
򴽣ְִԼļɨ
㲻뿪ҰҿָôˣҪǻָúܺãھߡ
ųĬ˰Σջ֡
̽һص˵ͷ˵ָòȶվһʧˡ
Űȥֳ֮Ĭ˰ΣȻڵҲ
һ£ʲô
̧ʵ˫ޣĶ
ôͻȻ
ţɫ̫á
ҲȻ˷Ǿ¶̸
Ȼտʼʶģò̫ɺ˵һ䡣
Ҳա
һԼɫáЦ꣬Ŷʮ꣬ҼͶأ˵ֻǾţһëˣͲ¡
ţΪģǲɲ֮
ɫ˲ͬ
̧̽̽
ûãֱ
й̽ľ飬ֻһ⣬˱Ⱥ컹Ʋֿ
Ʋһֻ֣ڰֽš
ֽſҪֲסˣţüЦôҰ
Ȼһ⻰Ͱѷˡ
룬ֻǲ뷴Ƿʲô
һ£̧ͷҵĸģ㲻ǷʲôҲŰҡ
üëһ£֪ô
ֵһ㣬ҩյκˣҪҳȥӴ֮ҲΪ壬Ȧ
ͷû⣬ֲı̬
ţ˲٣һ̶ȣ˺˻鱡ʯףӴǱŹţ··Ƿɡ
á
.
λڿϺѪˣ첻ôҲ𣿡Ǿ¶ʵ
Ц˵ЩǳֶΡ
Ǿ¶ȥѻ֮ķǳֶʲôеҩĶһ٣˸⡣
ָôˣ
˸ӵͦãûѹƣֱƵǹҵĽͻˡ
Ǿ¶Ҳһ£ģ᲻Ϊ̫ˣ
˰֣üĿҫ۷Ǹˣ·ǷһϽǵðɣǶõҺǳ˫˫űţȻԼˣ
Ǿ¶Щ֣ңʩ˽Ͻ֫ˣ
ⲻص㣬صŹ˺ֵܶ࣬ص顣
Ǿ¶ĬĬһÿ¡

˵ġǾ¶˵žϽϣʯʮŵף˿Ҳܰ˰ɣ
ס
ۣʳָʶô˼¡
ҾòС
̧ͷǾ¶Цᡣ
зգһЩ
Ȼ˼һ£˵һΪص֡
ٵɡ


43 
ǲġ
̽ŵֻӿȥ꣬վŰ׸ꡣ
üšһš
ôſŷı飬ʵԲǻָú𣿡
ֳָúܺã⼸һղغȲҩôָòá
ţΪʲôǸ飿
ʲô飿
Ųûм⣬ʵǲǿԳȥˣ
ͷ˵ǿԵģѾȶòˣױΪΪҪԵغЩҩһ𽥵أҲúˡ
ţǲҩĳɷʲôңԺԼȥ
ǲУǾ¶طһ£˵ʱҪߣԶ롣
üƺǲԸö೤ʱ䣿
ԥһ£̽Եָͷ
£Ҫôãü

˵ʮš
ɿ¶ôų⣬ֻõ£ꡣ
ۼҪܾϽ˵ǹغ飬á
һ£Ȼ󿪿ڵȻ˵ˣҩҪѭ򽥽ͣߴһ¾ͺãһ֮ҩȡˡ

ûῳۡ
̾˿ôҰ
ȴû˵
ֻĬˡ
촽״ƲЦſţĳ˿Ҫͬվģߴ궼Ըˡ
һ£̧ͷţţ㻹ǵŵңҪͬվģʱԼΪʮ꣬һ꣬ҪԼˡ
ұԼġſ۾Ҳʯͷһ
ЦҲ
źٿ⸱顣
ʹüۣëţǵЦݽδգγһĨЩįĻȡ
ı仰˵һ
.
һƫͷȥ
ԼҪٱֳļƭˡ
һ˲̧ͷ
գգۣɫ÷ᶨ
ţˡһ֪ʯͷҲĵġ
仰˸ס
ŵĿڶûϢزһ
ţһֿޱȵ˵Ժ˭밮ӣҵԭģҶһùƣ
ţ
ź޺޵ҧҧ
øոһ˲ڴԼֱ޴
.
Ŵдһ̣żۣüƫͷʶס⡣
üһӣŴȫסˡ
ҲЩûոôۡ
ŽŲ˶٣תͷ
ȴЦſڵĹ߻𣿡
ţֲǵص׵ڤ⡣
㲻ǲϰ
ЩԶԣҴţ㻹ҪҲ𣿡
գգۣЦ棺Ҳǲɡ
ţ
һ̧űߣȥ
һ£ٴһ£ͱҪˡ
롣
ڷߴȥԶҲղǿųˡ
ȥʵ
ţȥ
ȥһ꣬δЪȴΪԼĲ֢и˺üա
Ҳüϰˡ
Ҿ֪С˵
ţ˵ʲô
ûʲôȻӸһ··ɣǹŵµ
ûѣֱ÷·ˡ
·õýʽҲÿ
ͨΪףֻ°ںЩɫĻƣϲ
ҲܺΪƵġ
.
Ÿ߽סˡ
Ǻϲ֪ʱ˸ľ̨ӣ̨ϾЩɫĳкҪʲôϲ¡
ĹҲ˷˳
ûһӳֹôˣЩҲžʽ׷Σȫϴư۵ֻһ
ԡ
ֻһ
תͷֻҲ˹ϺȻźһģһ·
žıȻں̨پվ̨һУһȻ¡
ףʦʮʦ»һ֣
źں
ؿһС
ʱһֻů֡
ɤڶ
ţţȫʦŶ֪Щ׵ģʽҲǸĹˡ
в΢
ӣЦϲ𣿡
ϲ
򴽣ƫͷȥӲ˵˭ϡʽ첻춼νҲܹҪġ
ɷȴ
ں֮ǰԸҷķ
ؿЩٻգգۡ
ǣøЩ°ɣݳϾҪʼˡ
.
պλϣͲеŶӸףʡ
Щżûʦʦصظ˻
ʱû˷֮ǰһֱڶزأ±˷ŵĹϵ
񳹵ױ˷ˣȴҲ̹һֱŵ֣ÿһףصĵǶ΢Ц
ݳʼ֮ǰʩչԼСóĽҶӣóóķ׷أϲһÿһλӵϣ𻶺
ľ̨ϵĻݳʼħλóݵĸ׳Ųȹ³һȦһӱ浽塣
ţ𣿡پô˴ŵĸ첲۾ģһϲǺΪģʦԸˣ
ţ
ȻŲ̫ϲپõôʡ
ǡ
ţϲûȥչҲһĻ͸ϲˡ
.
һжʮϲĽš
ֻą̇̄ϵݳЩ
Ͼ̨ݵĶǹŵĵǣҲ಻ʲô⼼ܣǸĻʱݻħӣȫ赶Ūġ
һŵ̨裬ڶŽ̨裬籶̨裬ĸŽһ衣
֪˿Ϊʲôֳ
һòУһֳֻϣ°ͣҪ˯ȥ
ſ˯ͷһһģȻ͵ʵ
ô֪ȫʦŶ֪ģеӸ𣿡
۾ЩˣΪԵЩƣ̸˵Ż鱡һһǿǿ
һ¡
ţлһԳ
ҵʱǣ޴
ô᣿
ѵǸѾĻҪ֪ǹϵԼǿЦ𣿡
ɳ룬ͬ˯е߽
ûаЩֻǡǿɰ
ס
˵仰ԴһƵĳУۼžҪ˹ȥ
Żæ˫סԴ
.
һ²ˡ
Ҫ뿪
롣
ԺƵǾ¶ȡҩͺˡ
򡭡Ļݣٲնһ
еš
ȴʧ˻ƵģͷԼļϣøЩ÷ܹø


44 
һҪߣһʰţΡ
һᰴʱȡҩ
ŽԼصãǬ
һ˵һֱסԼңʮа춼ڶ˯ģĶϢռ˷Ŀռ䡣
ԼĶպˣĶһ롣
ұģҲƵġ
̲סյ棬̧ۿţΪʲôȻҪ뿪ˣ㱾Ǿһ𣿡
ŽһŽǬ󣬾Ҳûˡ
Ǭ̧ۿΪһҲԸٿ㡣
㶵գգۣŶ
֪ͲǸˡ
ڡ
ŵ׻Ҫ뿪ߵøˡ
ĳһ˲䣬ȴȻ΢Ŀ⡣
ˡ
Ҳǰڡ
Կ϶ôһ̣ĺܿġ
ϾĺϲֻڵʽС
.
Դ˰죬û뵽һɡ
˵˵ˣû˵Լ
԰Ϊʲôأ
˵ҪȲҩһξͺˣŰʱȡҲǲС
˵ڵĵӣѸ٣ڹѾѧʲôˣҲҲʵĶ֡ܲź͸üʦʦǶԴɣ
Żʮ꣬һꡣ
Ҫ˼ŵģŵӵ顣
ӹɽȥ
ԭ򡭡
ԭŴڹþվ顣
ἫţҲԸٺվˣ͵źֵٲҲܷ˺˼鰡
ȻҲͦģϾôˡ
;ܹЩ˷ѡ
ţ
ü
ȻͷһҪ顣
ǲ˵ðѴѰҰļƻճˣ
ĿƵϣƬ̡
ˣǹʱѰҰɡ
峹׻ָ
Űʯף˳Լ롣
ǸʱټѰҰɡ
ǧ궼ûţҲʱա
Լû֡
ǧһΡ
һΣΪĳĳ£ԼѰҰļƻ
ڴ֮ǰǧѰҰ飬׹밮ӣһֱǷҪ
κ˺κ֮ϡ
.
Ҫˣټ
ŵӻҵ˼г롣
뿪æ
Լ߱ǣͷרһ̡
鷳һɫ˵ؽձչؽպÿԽأ˳·
ŽŲһ١
߰ôˣתͷţЩգգۣʲôʵҲһΰѶȫ꣬ʲôպþˡ
ûʲôġ
Ǿͳ£Ҫˡ
š
ЩĥŲŲӳš
.
Ҳһǰʼչģʱṩ˾ֵĻ󣬱ݷķԸȥڶʮ˽ĵҪǾ·С
ɳڻ·˺ޣ޽ʱˣȥ±չˡ
˿ǳصʱ
ŵĴŲԶٹջӭӳسأǸߵ¸ͺȻһزЩʯ˳б¹䵽µס
ǳҪˡ
üתͷŵŵĴŲԶҾ͵ˣ㡭ĪҪ׼ʱȡҩ
һ£ָָĵ棬͵ھҪˡ
Ŵţ֪ˣϾ۰ĴӳأǼҪ顣
˵תȥˡ
ڹţʦȥӭÿλصĵӣǴͳ
Ǳչһ꣬ʮǰꡣ
ڵһʱȥӭǣǵıչسɹ
ʱ򣬳Ѿۼ˺ܶӡ
ΪŵĴӣԸΪƣвʦʦöΪ𾴣ճأҲǰȥӭӡ
ʦ𣡡ڵ
ס
.
زԽԽأ
䣡
ֻһ죬Ƕڵʯžըˣ
˱һм㱻µףʩ˸еӶǰһЩ
ȶ֮󣬷šü򶴿ڡ
ɢȥһīӰӶзǽڻ߳
ءеԾ
صĵӣ˵ÿÿһǾӡ
׵òŲҲ鸡
Ǳչһꡣ
ڶѨ͹һƵġ
.
ȥϳص䣬ؾ͵Եһ˵˷
ȥ̽ľɫԽء
ӿһĻҲʼߴߴ۷׷ס
̧ۿˣڵɢȥɣȥԼ顣
ǡʦ֡
ްֻЩ
ߺ󣬷šü򳤰ء
ˡ
͵ҽǾ¶ɡ
սشᱧվӣ͵رץס˼硣
תͷһƣȻš

ֻһ˲ĳؾͱȥһֺƽر
㶣ôߣ
ţʦֳأ
Ҳǵ㾹㰮
ƺռԼֻ֣üͷ̧ÿһֶΥģʦլʺԸԭ⣬ҲЩ
.
ѳ͵ҽݣǾ¶ԼִϳɫҲЩɡ
ȷʵЩ֡
üĳ⣬ǲ롭
ֹ̧ͷվһԵţԥһ¿ڵţҪȳȥһ£
üĻҲģ
ͷţ¹سص˽
Ŵһ֪ˣתȥ
뿪ֿǾ¶ʵǲǣܵйأ
Ǿ¶ҡҡͷȷʵһɲ
ʲô
Ǿ¶ɫЩỳɣյС˵ҾáҾеħ塭ħʱõϹɷ
Ƭ̣šüȷ
ȷҲǵһ 
ЩࣺȻȷҪﲻпܻ
Ǿ¶죬ǵٿɣҲˡ
˵ͷ
رѵҪöࡣ
ɫûаҪתѵļ󣬷ȵöЩ˯ˡ
߰ɣҽšǾ¶ŹǷ˵
ҽҲЪʲô¶ѹƲס
Ȼǧ꣬ʴӱڷܿ̿࣬ǧ˰꣬Ѫӳ֡Ǿ¶ҽ治һܴù
ҹĻѰ˸λЪϢ
.
ҽݵİ÷⣬ûһͽʵ˯ߡ
ǽģͲЩԾ
ԼԼУоһ˫ͷա
ǲŵ֡
͵ۡ
ǳء
һ¡
ǳأֲǳء
񣬿ɴ˿ȴҹ˾ʱվڷǰ˿ɢŷһ˫۾Զҫ˸ŵ⡣
ʦôˣҹء
ЦҲЩ졣
û˵ֻǴϵֻ֣תͷܣĽ
Ǿ¶̱صڵϣǱ˴ˡ
ûκĺۼǱһС
̧ۿ򳤰أô£ʲô
Ҳʲôֻʦһ¡
ȻЦһɫһ˲ͱŤ
֣ŷ°ͣɲк⾡ԣֻʦƾʲôͿ׿ԣſԣҺ͸Ͳԣ

סеķ𳤵ûȵϡ
ֱͻȻն꽣Ӵ볤شһš
ֱǾ¶ӵһãʷʲô
Żع
ԭǾ¶˵û
⸱ģܵйأħйء


45 
пйء
ֻǣֵܵħŻǰΪͶһЩɸ˵˼
ϣǰߡ
.
źͳѾȥˣǾ¶ſڴ̨Ϲս
ſţǾ¶ɫͽܲ¶ɣ
۾ŵϣҿأ˵ģҳȶʽ©ڻʱơ
Ǿ¶Ƴ˷һۣ˵ǳء

Ǿ¶̾˿¹±ѹ´ĳأħǳأզСŸǷ˵Ǹأɱ˰ɡ
ͻȻǾ¶ɫһ䣬Ŵ׼죡ֹţһ׼ҪѳشΣ
䣡
ֱӰʯʨԴյţҲЩˡ
ˡ૵Ѿˡ
.
źѳ廨ӽһ̡
ֱֲ嵽ĴпܶŲɸ˵˼𾪡
Сͽ˲ʱʱͽĴ廨ӽе𾪡
֪ģ
Űѳӵǽǣݺݵһš
Ͻ߹ȥֹŵĶУ˶Ѿˣٴˣ
ۣЩɭ飬㾹

ȻĪ飬ء״̬𣿾Ҳָ̫ǺһһͶһŲ֮ġ
𣿡ǰǽǣϷ븲ǵʲôƵģһΪ㲻ΪóҲԡ
ոӴһ˲䡣
һ޲ö˳Ϸӵ֡
һĺ·򳤰أڴ˵ðҲ¡

Щоˣ
ţȻأ
ҵͽܣҾ̸˶ȥԡ
ҷʱѾ𳤵ˣûֵľǷˡ
ţأҲҲͽôܺԣ
ۿ°ϵ֣̾˿Щ޿ζԸͽаʦصģ
ţ
ĬĬ֣Ϸûʲôı飬ɷǴüͷпһĨ
ˣôûߣΪѳ͵ҽݺͻԼ뿪ˡ
ƫͷһЩĮ˵ʦֱչ֮¶ҽţôܷ뿪

ոʯʨͷҵʱûаġ
ʱǾ¶һؿֳַܷܲϣˡ

ţ
һ뷴˭
ȰѳƴϰɣǸôܱӵǽǣǾ¶ָӵҲУɡ
.
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ţ
ո֣ûѳظŪѾռϷˡ
أȡѵһ˯˼粢ڳشߵ
صҲɫոʱ򣬾ͽë۾˹
˿ϵֿ˿ߵԴ
Ǿ¶ʱûʲô飬û˯ѡ
ʱʶüƲסӶ
ʱȴǻһɫҰ
ʦʦ𣬵Ҫڵϣȴֱס壬նһ¾ԵһֻƵģڴۣ涼Ǿ֣ҡҿӲǷˡʦʦҲǡðʦ
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ʵ;óЩ֣ǴӳسԼʹȡݹǸʼǱ˸Ƶġ
ʱֳַصʽͬѪ
Ѫһ˲ͬķɳнǡ
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Ǿ¶ͷûҽȥͿףͿ׿϶ܰҽǶ

кȻһ˲
Ͳ˲ȴ˳ţʵҾҲûôأҽ񣬶İ취
šüҲĲ̫أħħҽҽҲǼõģȥħ翴ȥ
ҲЩԥίʾ̫ðɣͿףЩĦǲԸҡ
Ǿ¶㲻ô֪أͿ˺ܺõģһ꣬Ҵ˵ףһأ
ܡꣿɫһ䣬ʲôꣿ
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ȴüëɫЩЦŶԳصһҾõþһ¡
㲻ԣ粻ԣͿҲԣΨҿԡ
Ժ󼴱ħң־壬ҲҪ˵ֻˡ


46 
ɫһһģƺһҪ³һѪ
ȴ̧°ͣǹĿдŴݲȵĸ֮⣬Щʢ˵ӡ
Ǿ¶һԵĹڿģϷýζ
˴ŵСʵ԰
ţ
ɫһ䣬򴽣ȥʰһ£ոմ˺öණ
ȥıӰҴң׾Ķطŷۡ
ƺ
ﻹаָ߸ϵģ
ɿŵıӰԺȴ⧲رĳһ仰
ÿɰ
.
ջѡͿס
ȻȽҪӵΪҪ
ȥͿ׵Ķ飬һЩ
صȥϾҪȥ
ҲȥϾڻܡͣҩ
ŵĽǶȿȵĲҩȻǾ¶ģ˵Ҳ֪䷽˸ŷҲûʲôë
ǣŶԡͷһߡûκ飬Ƿһ飬ͺԥصͷ˵˺ãȫԭ
÷˴ġΪʲôʱǾ¶ȡҩҪŷߡĽڱú֮ء
.
Ǿ¶ԣͿ׽ʱһֱ˽磬˷ȥŵĻħǣס˳˫ʱʱźӣһͬȥ˷䡣
ˣһ˻ǷעĿ
رüĿӢӣŸòΣƯòˣһһһһѹ˵ͷ
ǲ˵Ҳһÿǧ֮ϵˣ֮Уȴƹ֮
ˣȥϵħϢعԸ
ûʲôͬһλʮӣֻЦݺ̬䣺λѰ·֪ʲôСɿ԰æ𣿡
һֽͿף˵ס⸽ɽϵֻǲ֪ɽƬ֡
ԥһ£СҲϵãҪȥ𣿿δʲô£ֻסɽͷˣżŻðҲǸˡ
Ĺˣæȥץġ
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ĹϵҲûõȥǽЩʱʱ˼˷ң˲ᵽԼϽڵ޵ҧгݡ
ˡؼ񣬡Сĵȷʵûʲô£ɽϴã㰴ϵʱ㣬ҲкüˣСεʱ䶼ҪáǿʯͷҲЩġ
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СĲ֪Ǹķˡ
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СģһѰѷڵüʵʲôأעôС
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رȴЩ֣۾ֱضŷš˸ոΪ˶һڻûֿ
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ɷܾطЩϤͷԸǬһ
ȻͿ뿪Ϊ͵ϣһƬ֡
һңͿ׵֪ѻߵģ
ӣЩΡ

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˫ֱأĮʲôڵģҿ㲻ڰɣôԷŲӣƲҵ˼
֪ġ
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ţ
ʵû취ˣŲǰᳶ˳ӣС˵


Ȼ
ŵĶȴʱѸȾһĨɫ촽һĮģ
Ͱʱʱ֮ҪǲҾͽȥˡ
ؿƺЩãȻ
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.
ת뿪عҲݵ뿪ˣųÿݵš
Ϳ׿ʱһ£ȴֺܿЦЦǾ¶ҽ˵Ҫֻû뵽졣
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Ϳ⸱Ȼ·µģҲ̹һЩ
Щϣ֪ϲʲô㶼˵
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.
˵Ϳ׺ԥؾӦãͿԴȥҸס
ͿӦо͸Σ̾˿һǰҶԲס㣬֪Լ״ȴȥ㡣
Ϳ£ɫҲЩ㱣ͷ鰮֮£ԸҷҪһͷȥģʲôأ
˵Ļ˵⴦סá
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ͿףΪ˵ˣ
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ұͶ˴£ȴֲǰӰңǲ⣬ɷѰ֮ˣܰѰ
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ע֮˱ǷĳλŮӣҲᾭһҵɷŰ
ˣ·٣ǰҺ뷲˳صķ
ȻЩԷõġ
Ϳ׳ĬΣȻ̧ͷ
Ǹֻصķˡ
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47 
ʱѹҵȣȲֱ˽ȥ
һƿţ㿴һƿѪ
ʲô
߹ȥɫץס
ĿһĿӣѪǵƺΣ˿ڶЩⷭţѪߣǴɰƿС
ɰ׵ƿװʺѪȴ˰׵ġ
촽ɫҲѪƵģԵõ԰ֽ
üû壬ƽڵ衣
ţ͵ͿҪҵѪȥһˣұһ㡣
ſȭͷİɫƿǻ΢΢һ㣿
ްԼ֣˿ںܿڷԼˡ
ȻƿƵͿǰȸЩҪ
㹻ˡͿ״ۣСؽǴƿ
ԽƵᣬžԽ̡
ɼ·ϣȴϵӸֲѪ
Գˡ
Ǹûȥžֺһ
̾˿šԲˡ
űɨ˹
죬ĬĬӣ
ţŵֲѪΪʲôѽСʵ
Ƴһۣʲôҳ羴ʦ羴òˣΪ˸Ҳͬ˫ޣҲΪҽͽܸ˷Ѫ˵ἺΪˣ񲩰

Ŷһ£ǿϧˣͿ׽ֻҪѪҪĹͷ˵һۣܿôƤȡǵģʮ־ʡ
첽ˣûһʯͷתͷҧ˵Ϳ˵ҪһƿѪôֱӸôһƿѪôߴСЩƿӣ㲻ãǵġôԱҪлƿ㻹׼һƿѪ
һ£ȻЦˣԭСҰ
ŽŲһ٣죬˵ʲôȴû˵ֻǺŶߵøһЩ
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ŽŲ
ɿŵ䣬һ룬㱻˷ס޳ָ˳ģʮָۡ
ɫ΢תͷš
Ųδֻ̧ͷǰ·ʮ򶨣۾˸ĹȴͷĿѣǣңҪˡ
գգۣŵǣЩ۾΢΢𣺡á
غͿ󣬾ǣ֣еıӰ
Ϳתͷ򳤰أϸ˵Ϊ˻飬Żǣŵġ
ز֪Ϳ˵⻰ʲô˼Ųһ٣סԼͷƺͷʹѡ
.
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˼ǲ÷ģһ˵ħʱѾǵڶİ
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Ŵ
һţźͷǷޣҲչʾǵĲֱͣ˯ͬһŴϡ
.
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ƺ۵òУҲӦħϢ˺ܿ۾˯ˣֻ˯ò̫ȡ
ҹɫƫͷСԷ˵
֪ҽħ磬㲻ȥͿףҲطһƿѪˡ
̲סЦˣôأһƿѪ𣿶˵ûʲô
ƫͷ۾˵ôûʲôʶǿɣ˿̾ϣѪ˵΢㡭ֻǿʯͷҲ֪ʹġ
ס
û˶һʯͷ˵Ҳ֪۵ġ
𣿡
Ħģذ׻˿Ѿϣֺۼ
ָһ̣Լһ̻ȡ
ʹδ
ˣʧһͷۡ
¹شӴ˹˶һԣһж
лУżһжص˼֮ǰ
صҲ֪࣬صξδʱ
ʱҲڴϣҲü֮侻⡭ʹ˿ƺûʲôͬ
ʱ˵ۣչȥ
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Ǵ˿̣ҲͬһͷǷģԣˡ
źϢĵǶ̵ҽһ
ëһ£δ鿪Լ֡
ὫȦʵͿѪǰ㲻⡭ԺҪ׸ѪˣҲҪûʲô۰Ĵӣ˭ĸԸʹ
¹ᣬŵҲЩɴǿײ˵
Ǳƻ˰ص˵ͷá
ŵӣȴţ
ղáҩˡ


48 
һͬߣʹϤ˱˴˵塣
ûһѰ˸ƣŵĻ˯ˡ
ƺܻŵζͻ˯֮ҲֱۻŵøЩüëҲչǺϲƵġ
ŴͷϷĶͷ
ϡ΢죬ŵҲŴڵĻҶζˡ
˱øЩƵرۡ
ϲһҲʯͷ
Ӳܹɶ㲻
˫ȸǳǰߣȴָʹһһͷ
ˡ
նΣ
˸ϸߣǣڷ
ϲһ˲ɽһ˲Ԩ
ĿķǣĴ׺ϲ񡭡Աء
ħҲ˷ħ
Ȱɡ
ϰҲգǧҲգҲա
ֱʯͷһҲһ
ܻôһյġ
.
ڶһԼŵĻ
ͷֱϣȲС
һ̧ͷ
ֻŲţüۺЦ
һŴϣϻɫڵؿ
Ϳվſڣɫ԰׵ؿ

ݵôʩţ
.
ûϵģûϵ
˿Ѿǹİ£ʲôεġ
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شͷʼԼϵЩⲻͿױȥæ
úֻܰʣӻ
ʶŤͷţĿдЩζƺæεķΧ
üЦݹҫĿʦĻҹ˯ò̫ãҪǱ˱̫Щ

ӻȻһ١
ޱһš
ʦǻǿЩж뿪ɡصϾħ磬磬ӡӲϲ
ħȥġ
߹ȥһ⿪Ϊʦ֪ˡ
.
ҽʦ֮Ϊصī֣ЩС졣
ͿҲɫҰףЩ
÷һӣԼͿףͳһȦ˽ȥǰߡ
ҲҪȥռƵ˽
Ƴһۣʲôûʲô
˵ǣϷ֣Щ

⺢ô쿪ʼͻȻͻȻˣ
һԱ߾ĳغͿףˣŹ˿ġ
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ͿƺǵһμŨҵЩ棬´һʵͬɽ˶ԣǲǵͬɽ֮ħˣ
ؼʹɫ԰ףȴװ׵д񣺡ħۻ֮ɽʥᲢۣ
ſ˳һۣȻᲢۣħӦȻɽȴЩƽȵǣΪ˸ħˣԼġħɣΪ˸ħʹ֮ûκô˲ĶʲôʥģҵǾĵĶ
ü
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.
ԼһյĹͿ׾ʹ˳
۾ģüëŲҲӯʯ׵ʱһһأܷӵݡ
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˵ǽȥ˵æҽεģͿ˵
ллл
Ϳæ֣Ӻ˵ģû¶ҸģҡҲҡ
׼֮ǰԥһ£תͷͿ˵ˣǸ㸸ǲ֪һǰҡ
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ƿĿ⡣

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ɼţҲûȥͿ׵ԴƽŲġ
.
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̾棬ʵ֮ģǵҽΪȡ
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.
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ڴϱ۵ĳغȻ۵ûǳ붼ڿһΣγһ⡣
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ۣ
͵³һںѪ
ǺѪֱһߣһ̣ͻȻ۾۰ĺѪ˿÷ԣܿ죬ͫ׶˺ģıЩŤͷ­ͷŤȻһֻҰһķ
⴮ٶʵ̫̫Ѹ٣ûüӦһӰ͵˹סס˳صϮ

һʹƺߴͷ𣬷̧ͷһƣֻò԰ĺӻ£ҧļ羱ѪܿȾѣ˳ųķ϶ȥĺߡ
ҽæȥأȴȴҪ˺ŵƤ⣬ҽͿ˺ȥųصܽ
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ڷŽ֣Ҫȥæʱ򣬳ȴȻſţ۾ָɫЩãȻƺ֪ʲô
żϻҰ˺˿ڣЩֵغεˡ
εڵϵĴӣææذŷϣȻһ˺·¶羱˿ڡ
ǳݺɼǣϹɷɲֻǿһۣ;ָ۵
Ϲɷµ˿ڼΪأͨãǷβܣܿá
ҪǣϹɷΧ˿ͬһʳ˵Ƥ⣬ʹͣ
΢سŭǳʲôӢۣҪ˹ңǷǻ˼һᱻ˵ɣ
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ҽЩ֣̲סʵʦͽ
Ŀɨҽˣ㿴𣿻пЩûеҽߵʰ֮ģ
Ŀɨŵ˿ڣëһвĴһЩԹ֮Ǹӵҽôθ˳
ҽ񣺡
ո˭Ҵñ˵ҽ߳ĪΪʰܳҵţ
ɳغȻ裬˼ˣȷʵѲ˸ϵ
ҽߵԱߣʼΪҽ˿ڡ
ֻû˿ڴźͺȻһ𣬽˿ڸǵʵʵ
ȺɢʱŵƤȴù£ֺۼ
ҽס
ҲؿţɫЩ㱡
Ų֪ʲôȴԲʹʵѾκô졣
ҽ˷һۣڵţҰ⴦ҽˣȱ۾ɵϣڻû쳣
ֱ֮㸲ŵ׼ȥ̽ľ
ֻûŵƤͱץסˡ
Ŀ΢䡣
ްơ


49 
˵źȻ⣬ڻ̻ŴĴҽǣȻѾҩѹסˣᱻҽ̽
̴ӴһԼ·ҽҲԼ޴󰭡
ҽ˷һۣټֻ֣ȻǲԸҿǾ˰ɡ
ͿվλÿźȻϵ˿ڣϻ赹ĳط𣬵ȸɣЩ
ҽͷΪΡ
ҪݡҽţħţȥΪժһЩɡ
ţǷʲôӣ
Ϳף֪Һһȥ
ҽӳóһСҵݸͿףɢ㣬š
Ϳ׵ͷһˡ
.
źͿߺ󣬷ҽ񣬵صذ֧ȥʲô˵𣿡
ҽ񣺡֪Ϊ֧ǳȥҪǲݣ
ʳө棬ԱߵĹԣֻөʬ壬һӶǷݰɡ
ҽ˿ӣˣұֱͬ˵ˣҪŵСӿ
ûʲô쳣ģҪϡ
ҽۣҲƲסظ߰ûʲô쳣Ϲɷµ˿񶼲һħƾʲôͣжйŹ֣
Ŀ볣˲ͬΣôҽҪеɣ
ҽŷһ֪쳣֮ˡ
ۣܳʲô¶ҵš
ҽȴ㵣𣿡
ѹסˣ˶ãͬ졣
ҽĬ
תͷʼ̽ⳤȻڵɷʣ޼
ҽ̧ͷڵСӻ볣𣿡
ôˣ
ҽһַֻڳصϣ۾ȴŵµѪ㿴
˵óһذףٵڳϻһ
Ѫ˲˿ڴ˳ɺѪһģ˿˿̺
Ǻڿǻһ󣬺ȻֱֱسŵϵѪҺƹȥ
ѪҺܿ챻ǣֻһʧӰ٣ǵϵѪȴƺøЩ
ƺϵѪɫɷɸɾˡ
㶵ؿһУɫҰ
ϹɷΪ׺ޱȣǰһֱɢ֮κֱǰħűħãΪɱµ
ȴŵѪҺˡ
֮У˿ֻأڤͶΪˣתΨħ֮ˣֻһữΪɢ䣬Ŀܡ
ˣҪħת
ҽŷЩ㱵񣬵ǰѪɺӣʬҰĳ棬ĪٿһΣ
ۣ̽̽ľСЩ𱻷֡
.
Ϳ׽ҩɻ󣬳ؾѾˡ
ȻɫǲҰ׵ģ۾ȴЩ
ҽ񽫲ҩøιȥ֮󣬳ظɫָˡ
ҽħ壬ϵϹɷйأҲѲ˸ϵħɷѳɷ͵Լˡ
ʵɷγҽʲôӣ
ҽ񣺡ԼĶ㲻ֲ֪֪
أ
ҽ𣺡֪ɣ˵һֻܼһΣҴδ˵˼ֻǸ˵ˡ
Ǵ˵ȻڣҼ
뿴
һֱߣ÷ܼˡ
һ£Ȼ󻺻񣺡ӣͳˡ
һǧ꣬˫ÿһɽ̤ÿһӣ֮ʱýӥʳԸĿࣿ
أ֪ӵɷǺ֪֮ȴ֮ܳȥǵӵС
Цݣɫ΢ǡ
ðʦ𣬵ӴǸ
˵գ㹧ȥˡ
.
ΪҪôȥһʵ
ֻǻ̫̫ģսԼһ
.
ҽһɫ˵ɫ찵ˣʱŨǱ߰ɡ
һ£תͷԱߵͿףСףҪҪѾþûмˡ
һЩҪͿ״ͷ˵Ҫˣˣ
ҽ̾˿Щʧ䣺á
ͿҪߵ·ǲͬһҽ뿪ˣѰʱ·īֱ֣š
ɸյţžԭأЩΣ֪Լúȥδӡ
ԭ˵ôҪ뿪ɳسغֽų岻ʵĽ
񳤰صĲҲˣҲˣŵأأ
Ÿŵɫô˻Ϣ𣿡
ԥһ£ʵȥϢ
ȻǶ󡣡Ц˵ȫʦŶ֪ҳ˻飬ҿ֪ҵĻҸ
˵꣬ǣŵ֣ȥ
ҲΪԭǸʯͷҲ˲ͬ
ʱıʱֳ̫
Ǵҹǣʱ˵˿˿ı⣬ûһϵͬ
ֻһ֣һƵġ
.
֪ǲǴһֱ÷ڿ
͵͵ؿ
Ŀ⿴ͷۣ˳üǣϵÿһƤ
תͷʱȴֿʼ̧ͷ졣
ĴΣűҲЦˡ
ģұǷޣȻɹؿң͵
գգۣƺЩȣҲЩ
أĹؿʼˡ
һ·Ŀ˶Ҳǿ
Ŷ
ˡסۡ
ȴ֣úܣҷҿҲӦõġ
һ£ƺʮĵؿ޵ţ㳤ÿ
ţ
ţΪ㻭òãȻ˵
ŷ۾ᴹۣ˵á
ŴδȻҲ֪ġĥ䡣
ʼīīˣҲ±ʡ
ֻţƺôƵġ
ֿã֮֮˵һʡ
Ȼǵڶ
ҹɫĻֻ˸
ȴԼͱ˸ˡ
ſ۴ɫٻɣ죬ҲܺЩ
ȴҡҡͷղУҡһ£Ҫμʦᡣ
ţǺգաʱ仹ء
ȴЦ˵ҽվͿ㲻뽫ؽ⻭
ƫͷġ
õǧ꣬ˡ
ܹ˲ͬġ
.
ֱ߳ǰףŽǷˡ
һۣҡ
С˵ÿ
ʱҲȻȻǣһͬǴ
źܾûͬһ˯ĴˣЩӲ
ȴʮȻؿ˹ǱǷޣ˯һҲġ
űס۾
롣
ǻԼ
򡭡ĸߣҲû˻ͷء
.
ʱɫ
ȴӰ
һ˲Ŀ䣬ɺܿ죬𣬷˵Ҫȥμʦᡣ
ŵŰ
վȴȻס
ͷ˿Լİ֣˿Լİ塣
͵س嵽ͭǰͭ￴һ
Ϳ׵
.
һ
׼ȥͺȻĿһۣһǼ˺ĸо˹
ǡڴʱ͵شһף
ſȥǶϱɽķ
ϱɽʯʯʯѣ֮ǰһǡͷ
һּȲԤдĿżֱæҵش˶ڵһӣȻóǸǬִǬУóʯƬ
Ƭһֶ̣һ
ʯƬϡšɫֿʼ͸Ҫʧ
Żæɽȥ
ɽϣܲһ½һµ
ſԼվ룬ǰһССʯƬ
Ƭ͡š֮䡪˺ƬĻ鱡
żֱĿѡǻ鱡СطǬţû뵽һȴ壬˺˻鱡
ԭԭͿҪΪŵĻǣ͵壬˺źͷĻԼ𣿣
ͿףżǷ˷ƵľǸӰŭҹ
Ϳۣûü˵һһźͿ³һѪ
.
СС
żع˺ٵĻ鱡ǰͼ÷ԭ
ܺͷԼ
ûûȫڶãЦ˲ͬΪһֽ顣
ûϵ
Ǳʲôˡ
δʯͷůҪʱ䡭
Ϳ׿ţȻֿЦˣûõģ鱡˺٣ԼʧЧ㼴ƴˣҲ޼¡
Ϳףųǰѹڵϵն꽣ָͿ׵Ĳۣݺݵ˵Ϊܺͷһ𣿣Ҹ㣬ǳ룡
ͿȴҡͷЦòҵ֪ҡڷʮ꣬Ҳûң֪֪ûܣɼˣҲɡ
ɣЦҸжʲôһ𣬷Ҳܿģﲻˣ
㡣Ϳ׵㣬ȴҪһǾǲɡ
죡żҪƲסԼָĽ޲ͱͿ׵Ĳӣ
ˣͿڶӣ塣
һͿڵ۵ó鴤һеĳ档
žӸµؿҧгݵ˵㲻ҪΪˡҸ㣬Ϳף˲ͬҲȫûиģֻʯͷԳٶЩЩЩϲҵġ
ǡͿЦ㡭ÿЦ֪˵ʲô𣿡
ţ֪
֪˵ʲô
ԺֳЦֳӵʱı飬Ҳϣ˵ҽվͿ㲻뽫ؽ⻭ģ
ϲġ
롣
㣬㻹ûеĵزɷϲġ
һշһˣôǸһš
䣡¡¡
£ֱͿ׶ȥ
ۣͿ͵³һѪĻڲظŵڵ˳
ֻһգ۵ĹžͻصԼ
ţǼ۵˶һš
ǸͿײΡΡվҡұΪ㰤ȫףǡǡҪˡ
ɶ˵˵ȴǻǡˣͿصԼڣҲɫ׵ĲվЩվֱˡ
Ŵţ˵ҡ֪㲻˵Ļ֪вƽдΪϲ㡭ΪԭҲģҴȥһطȫˡ

һʮŵ
Ϳװ˶ʮŰ˶ʮĵֱ۵һ仰˵ˡ
ǡŬԼûϵģûϵ
û˻ԼҲûʲôԡԼͷһ𣬷ͬģúô
һʱѾŵ巢Ϣ
˳ǡ
š
͹ˡ
ͷ¿ʼ
ס
׷
һΣû
Ϳȴƴһ˿ţ㡭Źɣ㲻ԣǶԡ
̧ۿҺ㲻һ
Ϳ׺ȻЦˣЦﶼ᣺ʲôһģǶһ߰ɣҴȥһطȫˡ
˵꣬ó׼õ˲Ʒȥط
һȫİɽһʯţʮܡ
ͿʯĨϷѪʯͷͺȻˡ
űͿǿӲزţһһ߽ɽ
ȥһ̣Ϳ׻ʧ
ڵϣһԵʯǽȴ૵ǡԭ
̧ͷȥ
޴ޱȵɽһһ˸ߵʯͷ
ʯͷͨΪңϽǣȴֳֳһ̯ɫ
߹ȥһƣŷǺɫӡǡһֻˡ
ǲͨķӡǣϱÿһë·һֻʯͷϣÿһëÿһ趼ڽʯͷƵġ
ʶִǷˣһ̣һʯͷϺȻּ
ʯͷϿ̳ġ
ռÿһռ䡣
дţ
ˣһˣ㿴ÿϧҷ㿴ңңŻεġ
統ʯͷʯͷ㻹ڡ
ˣҽʲô֣Ҳ֪ʲôҲ֪ȡһ룬ȡգз𣿡
ˣˡ
ˣ˵ϵҪȥʲôʱܻ
ˣ˵ʯͷģ˹顯ģһҸ̸ģġ
ˣҺһħĶˣÿİǲҪˣ
ˣŪˣǷ纮Ķѹʲôʱܻ
ˣΪʯҪɻˣɻͲұ̸÷̸밮ӣģ㡣
ˣˡ

дĻ̫ˣԭд£ּһ˳
쵽棬쵽ǽǣ쵽Ѩ
ÿһأÿһʯͷÿһ䣬дţ
ˣˣˡ
źһɷոʱûʧǡ
Ŀɨдǧġˣ㡣
ȴЩ۾ȫˡ
ˣҰ㡣


50 
Ϳ׿ģɫ԰׵֪˰ɣǶԷ˵һģٴμ֮˵ߡ
ƺÿ˵һ仰Ҫͣһ
ֳŵأʯǽϣƺһ뿪ʯǽͻԵڵϣҲԹΪһԸģΪһʼһԸġ
Ƕʮ׶˵ʵߣֻǸǧΪͲߣѳֳ˵ƾͿ֮ơ
۾ȴźܻƵЦݣΨһ
˵ʱ·ٵķˣ͵ܳȥ
Ƿ˾ԼţúֽŻɽ
Ϳȴ̲סȥ
飬٣̸
忡ޱȵС곤ҡȵӡ
С̲סȥӽˡ
ǳһƱ㲻Сĳֻ䡣
ΪǷ˻Ầŭ
ֻһ£ЦˣǺǧ
ԭֲôϲԺܲ
Դˣһ̤밮ӡ
ǲ⣬ʱǿ̾µǷ࣬Ϊξ˹¶أ
Ϳȴֻǳղ
ϵɽ۵İѩ˸йԼİ⡣
һգ׼˸ס
һɽȴ֮ճһڻҡ
ΪǳСһ̲˷ħڤ磬ֵظڤڵһǡ
ҽ
ס
ֲڤҲѰֻص֡
ֲסɽķˣȴְֲȾ쳾
ԭ·ٵˡ
ǹ˾ķ
.
֪һ֮״Ͻӽװ
һжõķչֱ˱ƻ飬˳ɻ顣
ͿѰ˷꣬ģ
ҷǲŵġ
Ǳƻġ
طϲóӣ񷨣̲סӴ
ֱգѾɻ飬Ѿ˫޹ʵ֮ڣֱæ˽͡ҺͿװףҲϲ
һ˲䣬Ϳ׹ߡ
վǰԼһѾĻҪȥмߵӡ
Ķӡ
.
վ˷ֻܱӵģȥ
ſţ㷢ܡ
֪һֱڵһֻˡ
֪ųɻΪʯΪѡ
Ҳǣʥѩȴˮܿħӵܻ
һ̣Ϳ׾;ˡ
Ҫɡ
.
ɫǻ㱵ģ֪ûͿ˵Ļ
ͿɫԽ԰ˣɴȴǣһĨǳЦ
ţֻǡΪһʯŵͬɻ顭ƾʲôҲͬ
Ƕһǹ͡ںģΨֻ˰ˡ
ںˣˡķҲգ׷νİҲգûˡ
Ϳ״ͷЦЦֻҾѰ֮ˣģǿĹҲͬⶴѨһд˷ˡ
ƺɽޱ޾ּʹ˫ۣЩĵغǵشܣƺҪ뿪
Ϳվӣȴˤڵϡ
סŵ½ǣҲ߰ɣ뿪ҿҪˣҲڷķˣҡ
ֻ죬˵Ŀ̵ֻѰţѰ˳ڡ
æӣһǶȥ
ͿϵѪɫҲһ˲ʧάֲΣûΪӵģ
ûצȴعŵ°ڣֱ߳ⶴѨ
Ѩһɽ£֪δ滨׷Ʈ䣬ء
Ǵѩ
Ϳɿŵ°ڣϵÿһëøɿݰֽرյĻ
ֻСӣûϢ
շ䣬Ƭѩأĳ
.
ֻ˫ĿʧĿĵسǰš
ħСħɽ͵ӵܣʮĵ׶֮ܰӣšȴһʯͷˡ
ֱͦͦȥľͷһ˳ɽ¹µס
㶵ۣǰ츲ء
ͣһ˲³Ѫ鴤ԡ
.
ʶУ˷
šʲôôˣ
Ϥģ΢ָջϧƵġ
ǰᣬƺΪۣЩĲ
ŸոһУֻһجΡ
ǽһ
ҽ
ҽ˵Ҹո̽ľɷƲסˡ
ûл𣿡
ҽ񣺡ڲģԺ˻ǰͿ̿ĳ𣿡
ģ
Ҫɱ
ҽ񣺡ҪԥˣϸûʲôҵĽǣħǣΪ͵ЩҲͲѹסħǣħ
²ȥ֡
ҽ񣺡𳤵һãȥĹײİҪ˵Ҫײġħʬֱӻɺɢˡ
ײĻҪģźϲʽУⷽ治ί
ҽ񣺡
ĳӵаγڿ
̾˿ˣ
һ̣űоؿڵ˱ĵС
˶޷Ե˼Ϊ
ԭ
ԭǷҪɱΪħǣΪ
źȻһʧȥȫ
ǱɱҰɡ
Ժһٶ۵أ̵롣
ǷҪɱǱˡ
ɱǧǧΡ
Ҳһˡ
𳤵жһŵ·һƤ⣬Ѫ˳׶İʹ˿ڴ
ǵȴһ١
ҽ񣺡ôˣ᲻ö۰С֣
᲻á
˵᲻ҡ
һصĿӡ
ʶԼʲôʱż̲סҪԼһơ
ţڷʲô
һ˲䣬źȻоԼֻҡβĹ
ԼıȵϣԼϡ
裬޾衣
ǰɽ￴ĶħһԺ
ˡһҸ̸ģġ
ˣҺһħĶˣÿİǲҪˣ
ˣ㡣

ּһпŵĿڣȷ𳤵졣
Ӷ۵ÿʼ
һ־ıƾʲô
ƾʲôȴҪһֱ
ƾʲô͵÷طĵʯ
ƾʲôҪţƾɱ
ƾʲô
𳤵ٴεŵţһ룬Ƿķ𳤵ͬųķһںڵɷɣ
͵ۣ
˫ƯĻɫѾһƬ졣
̤һźɫɷڷڰ֮УĪϮķ磬۴죬˿裬ɫ۾ͬѪһˡ
һ˲ҡض
ħϵĻɢصɷ֮볯ǰݼǵħ
ſűڵϣһ𾪵ķЦǴǻƵģɭɲ
ɱңɱ𣿡


51 
һ˲˶ˡ
ô
ҽҲˣæ㣡ɱ
Ļȴŭ
ɷԽÿһɷܻɵҽͱ
Ͻɣæ
ڿٴ̼ˡ
ҽŵɪɪǽǣͬǱ˵˵ģҪһԾͻ˽

˫۷ţ̲סһҽҾûȵĿռ䣬ʶҡ
ҽ촽˶ҪҰ
.
ŷ𳤵ǽվ̧ͷŲԶţСؿʵţҸ˵²㿴ᡣ
óն꽣
ն꽣ʵһ̣ϺȻһӶȻѽӵϣǬóһŹ
Ҹ˵ᣬǲҪɱ㣡ΪҪ㣡
ţҵң

ȷʵ̫ý͹
ŷ𳤵ԱŲǣڳ¸һ׽ǡ
ޱѻҲ㣬ûһɹ
Ҫɱң
ǡڵɷɷ˳
ˡ
֪ڵŽֻ˭˭ӮҪǣŴ
ΪһɱǴ϶һ˻ˡ
ˡ
ǳû緶ˡ
֮ǰοΪŻûɥʧǡ
˵ֻ׷򣬶Աߵҽмһˡ
ֻҽһضԷʲôͱʱҽҪе÷ţȥǸĶӡ
ҽʧɫ뿪ż׷ŷ
רע档
.
ۼǰǳ˼ġ
ʬͿ̿ɷħɥʧǣҪɱÿһˡ
ӿĻɽʹϴƵ
ڴ֮ǰħȻڣȴ֮һ
˵ֻʳһ߰ˡ
ڴ֮ħɷÿһλʳߣΪɱµ
Դˣħ
ħˣֻһɷݵɱ¾ߡ
Ժֻһ
ɱɱɱɱ£
ħҲˣֻĵУǲãɱػһ
ţЩԼĺӣķߴûܻǡ
ħ˵جΡ
.
ҽȴīֵľĸҸո÷͵͵̽ˣħǣǺǰħһģһħ
һֻ̣һɺӼ׵ݶʼˡ
ħɱʤɣʤħʤˡ
󱻰ڵʮΧ
أ
ֻɱ˭ֻ˭ĵ£
ǵǰɱħɣԿɷһ̣ȫˡҽ˵סȥ֪ͨ񡣡
ȴסҽ䣺𡣡
ҽü֪ĵӣǷ񰡣ɲܷͿ¹²¶㼴ʦҲ˽
̧ۿɤӵҵĵӣҵķ
ҽס
ؿ˽ұҪߡ
.
ҽǲԸġ
׷ǹʣȻ־ΪţΪ˷²ġ
ɷȴ˵һƻ
ŵĸ⣬Ǳ㲻һǣΪһ
ҽĬ˰ΣͷΪħҴδ˳ɹⲢ򵥣źпܻС

ҽ񣺡ǰ·ʲôħء
ʱұɱ
.
ɷôҲû뵽Ľ˳ħš
Ŵһɷ׷
룬ΪŲûΪɥʧǱһֻɱ¾Ĺ
תͷһۣϵɷ̫ɢЩ⡣
ۣܲܿ
Ϊ
ⱡһΧţǻסǡ
ЩЩôģȫħ
֪ˣͲطķѰ֮ˡ
ƽᡣ
.
Ŵ˿һΪǿɷ֮˲ǲһЩġ
һСģ͸ˡ
ǣһʱ֮
űŹŵ̤˹š

ŵĹ̴˶ҡ
ŵĵȫˡ
پܹţʲô
˷׷ӦǰôʦѾɻ飬Ҳɡ
ţʦһ仰Ҿеѳˡ
žһλʦֵķڡ
ٴκ
ǡʦ棡
ͣһذλͬŵۡ
ŵжڼ˵ŭڳʮӣ̣ʼŶԴ
Žɷ磬Ƭ̣˾͵ڵϣûս
ǡɷǡһЩʦϺȻúѪɫæԱȥУҵȥҡ
һͱɷ
ӳһһصڤ𣬽Ǹʦе˻Ϸ˿
ʦ𡭡ŵô󺰡
ʱıˮ˹һػϨ
뿪ɣ¡
˷׷ɢ
һѵŷ۾죬˱ʮֺȴԲǱôͬҴԾҴ򲻹𣿡
ĬΣͬ򲻹ƽ
ţҲƽ𣿡
ҲƽɱңҲɱ㣬ﻹǺںġ
ǡ
ֱЦЦ
ĵˣ˵ɱ
طˣ˵ں
ˣǱɱɡȳ
طû취ˣֻýԱһӣŹС
ŹȥһǽȴΪ͵ն꽣õսǷνǽڽڰˡ
ʽϵȴֵסӴɷ֮˸еһĪѹ
˿̵ķȱٵģ
ˣϰдֲ˭ռϷ硣
ЩˣͬţǼСú˵ţҪ˺òãʲôú˵
ɾʱ˲˹ʦš
ɿǰⳡ棬ֶסˣ֪ýý
˵
翴˷һۣһŰ׺Ķ˻ȥü˵ʮʦܵĻ鱡ˡ
еĶһͣͱռϷ硣
԰߲Ǳսģ·ʱ˹㡭˺˻鱡Ϊʲô
ЦһҵʦķǷط꣬Ϊʲô
ˡ
͵Բۡ
ô֪
ô֪ܡ
һĪ֮нߪȡ࣬ʼˡ
󹦷ŵĳȴָؿڴ˹
ã
æһʶҲȥ
ͣһͷɲ״ģЩ͵شŵؿڣǰޱȣҪͱԴ
ؿڵѪ罦˳Ⱦ˷İ
ס
ٻأٻشͷ
Լûŵؿڣŵĳļ
촽һǱһɿ֣ź
ŵͷŲԼؿڵȻֿЦˣ˵ġɱң
ֻʣţҡԲ𡭡
̧ͷɫҰף˵ĻȴƵ÷ˣ
ΪʲôǸ
ΪͰҵؿڶǸ
ΪҵĶǸ
ΪҵǷطĵʯǸ
һ仰˵
Цһݺݵҧ˳
γһ̣͵³һѪΪ֧Ųסڵϡ
ʶȥȴò
ĵվʹð亹һκˮͷ˳Ų£Ѫϡ
̧ۿŷ
ҵš
ħҾҸ㿴
մѪɫȴҰס
ǻȾѪ촽˵ҲմȾѪҺܡ
.
һһţнԶ
ıӰƬټɽԵСۡ
΢죬ᴭȴܾʲôѹĿڣֹ
ǰȥ֮ʱҲ
Ϊһ˻ǻͬǰһ˵죬ͬ̽ÿһеĶ
ĽգŵıӰ
ȴףŲˡ
źͷ˲һû
ԺܼţȴҲǸ۶ɣ۾غʦСˡ
˴¡
ʲô£
룬ҵ˴𰸡
֮ͣոմ̴ؿڣҲԹΪʧ
Ψзһ£ٿĪ硣
ðѷ˲صøЩŷ֡
.
ŵıӰһðģ
ɴĨѪȴӡڷԺþòɢ
ҹλصʱżʧʱէȻѵʱ
ʱ
մѪ뺹մžŭ
ʱ̫̫ãõ󣬷Ҫǲ壬ǸϳѪͺǲǻᡣ
еģҲûС
һֻ°ͣһֻϷϹ
ʵǲԭġ
ϾѾǰˡ
.
߽Ѳߵ콫̾˿
磬Ҳ汻ҵòˡ


52 
ֻ콫ǹŵģ칬ġ
칬䱸ɭϣÿһۡЩֹħ֮˽
ȥҲֻйˡ
Ϊħ˴Ӳ̤ţԭڹŵǼħӣҲżλ׷뿪ˡ
.
ʵɽôħˣħʲô캦顣
ֻǱǿˡ
֮ǰ꣬Ҳܾĺ
Ȼǿ˱ֲܿ
Ϊû֪ǹȥġ֮᲻ı
.
һǵħûħһɱķ񣬽ħ緢չ˴δйĸ߶뷱
ħ֮ԭλеĩȣΪħ֮Ҫͨתתиеͣ˴󲿷ֶ΢ֲˡ
ħǣԲħϵǰÿһħѧֱתֱ֮ӽؼΪǵ
Դ֮ħǿˣ֮ȴˡ
˵ħȵʱħƵħΪֲ
ʱħȻǿŰ֮ͬƴҲÿ죬ҵɱҲ¡
أ
ħǳɺ󣬿ûʲôأŰײ֮£ȴħ糤ʢ꣬ħ޵ò֮ħ˵ĵλ˲ߣΪвĴڡ
ⲻħһ紵ݶŵɽ磬磬ڤ˴һ֡
Ǻġ
ôһ⣿ѵ㲻ħ𣿡Աߵľ˴ĸ첲
󻱻ûأܲڿɳʲô¡
ͷҲǡ
ûȴҵòˡ
٣˳ȫˡ
Ҳһǻ°ɡ
ȻԼ뷨ΣգˡѾʶ
һͷϷӵĿհ״
.
˵ħ翪ʼΧټħһ£ôڸϳʵ
̤ƽħ磡Ծ󻼣սۺԾ
üĶһ١
ɻûڤŮͿ˿ڣ⵹ڰɣڲûʲô¶𣿡
ⶼʼħˣǲҪͥ磬Žг°Ҫ˵ħ¾ĴȻħǣ
ڤˣҾƫ
ƫǰᵶһ¿Ǳ˶Ƽˣ궼ʦ¶ʲôģ˵ö𣿡
ͻȻἰķ
ᣬ㲻ʦ档
οԸͽܷҲûʲô˵ģڡֻʱܷ㣬ھܷͥ㿴ڶҳʲôˣڣĻ̻̣ʱʱħơǰһȺߣǾ˵Ҫħޣ˵ħ޲ǴҪ´Ұ
˵Ҫ˵ħʼ±ˣҪսڿսǰȰħɱˣԽԽãʡ´
۳ĬΣϻûǰδ֮ĵ
ȥħ̽̽ħټħǲпս֮⣬Ƚס顣
˭ȥأ硭ɣϾħʦ𣬶˱ҲϤһЩ
ס
ʵʱǷάһĻԼȻȫʦŶ֪ȫʦŶĬû⴫ʱΪǰ˻鱡Щε˵̫ðɣʱʱ˳ŵʱֵͦģҪǳʲô¶ô죿
ͷϷӿհ״ģѾܾûˣǻ̬
ӺȻһ̷˻裬һĪָʹ̧ͷãȥ
.
ջصžͺˡ
رԼԴȥ޲ðԴѩ죬侲侲ѡ
ոǷʲô裿
ź޼޵ħ˶ҪŹɽߣҪǸҳħ磬Ųһͱ
ⲻȥ̽飬ȥ
ʦʲôߴ
վӣ̬ڤ롣
ţܵҽȥǾ¶
ҵһǬѶڳſææضǾ¶˵죡õľҩӽ
Ǿ¶ƳһۣĵʵҪôҩȥŰ
԰ô֪
Ǿ¶
Ǿ¶еƻˣֱӣһ𾪵ʵҪȥţ㲻Ҫˣǰô󻱴ģ
ûȥ꣬Ҳûȥħ硣
ֻÿλûŵ½ǣͱ׷Ŵ˳
Ů̥ղħ磬ҴˡЦ
Ǿ¶
㻹ǵҩȻڣŵսҲǷǳ˵ġ̾˿˵ҿɲ
Ǿ¶һ߸װҩһ߼⻰˵ģ֪˻Ϊͦϧء
ȻϧġЦ
.
ɽкܶطʮ֮ⶼϲ˵֡
ħ󶼲ħ練Ϊո³
þˣԭֻǵָһӼ䣬ȴóó
Ժήƣħ綼Ȼһ£ħѾƵؽ
˸һһ߽ħ
ħȺǿɷ·СħʱСزӱܿǡ
˲Ĵæ·˵ĻҲŷ紵˷Ķ
СħС磬ҺýŰħźһûмħҪòô죿ħɱ𣿡
Сû¶İɣȻħеˣҲɱ޹
СħУһǽţȵңȥÿž衭
Ųһ٣۾
.
Сħ˲ʧ֮ʣץס°ڣһͬ˲Ƶ˷֮ڡ
Сħûüóĵͱ͵ػڵϣ˹ȥ
һϿҵǸһ߽⵹ùСħûΪģ
úģֻ·
ȻСħƬ̣һơ
С
ⲻ
üλСħġ
.
ôˣոûԾ谡ССߴٵ
һԼؿڣһС߽һ޵
ڵѬ㱻ڴķ˹Ҳ趯
ڿڵĳ
޵ȴصĴס˴⣬һԵѹ¡
ɫǽڣڵ
߽ȥһ̣ͽŵϢ
ħˡ
һ˶˸ڵϲġ
һߴͷžᡣ
ٶʮڷлǺģ˵پٶʱ򣬷С
ǰȴ͡ꡱҲմϹϵˡ
굽жأ
õ忡޵С곹ױ˸ģ
Ŵһߺ£ִھϲעԹǰǸš
ɼˣĮϣѹȸʮ㡣
Ҳó˺ܶ࣬øͻø
˫۾γϪˮȴ纮̶
̧ͷ˵Ŀ⣬ͽŵû
ǴȨյħŷɥħ
ǰǸС˲֪ٵȨơ
ɷȴüƣ롣
Ҳʱѩӳ۵ףֻһƬ˪
˫۾߹δĴ£˷޷ǰ۾غϡ
ΪǰǸഺ磬緢ʱҲ鶯ģʱҲ鶯ģС¹ǣС
ˣ۾ȴž
ǲЦ
ûʲôֵЦ
.
һֻһĵʹ
ֽסУŵشͷٿ


53 
Сһ·ĽţŻع
̧ͷСֻС˸ͣŸ谡
˵գǰȥķŵ֮ϡ
ҲѧģС΢ضŲȥ
˼Ĳ裬ƷļܺãݲļҲֻŴδ
ΪǴһʱΪݲˮġ
ۣ̺ϴ裬ݣ裬ˮ꣬ԱߵСЩȡ
ȴֻǴнӹ˲裬ͷԼĶûһۡ
Щʧ䡣
ǸС˵һߡ
.
ǸսսϸԼĵشͷվ˰źȻԼģǻæ䡰̽顱
˰죬˹
λħĶ̳ǰħǰƵ˾ʱʱʱȥɽ絷ҵħҲųȥġ
е⣬ΪЩٶָʹģû뵽µš
ȥ췣ͳ䵭󣬾ʹڼ˰ɡ
˼ҪĶ̳֮λ
̳һԼֻ¶ͱʩĳͷ
ոôϿҵϴ޼¡
̧ͷţѹֵòƽȣ˵˵žʹЩƹˤķߺħҵʲôֻԱһЩҵ˰ˣûȡҲ𣿣ͥɽթħʢǿ󣬺βʹʹһǽ¸׳ƳħʲôѵǺ¾֮λһʦķ
ž
һסǶ̳Ĳӣɫ̱òҰƺ˲ͱѪ⾫
۾ͬսҪɱˡ
ԵСŵúһס˺
ŵ˶̳һ˽֮ʣһգź˻ȥ
̳˳ȥ
.
˵ʵҲһ
ϽͷĬĬز鿴Լûʲô¶ŵĶ
ôֶòɱˣҪǷǻ˵á
ı飬һ
ҲǸɵģΪһվͱŴݣصޣ
ոձΪСħʱαһԼħϢõ鵤סԼߵǰִϣʱҲֲȻ
ʵҪһЩɷԼħ磬Է˵һĴڣҪʲô¶
õ鵤ҲһģֻҪ˵һЩͺˡ
.
ƺŭδ̳뿪֮˳Լڣ衣
æ߹ȥΪ衣
ףףס
¶š
вΡΡظԼʹ
ણ
һ˲ͱСĴ򷭣̵Ĳˮŵ·ϡ

رۡ
.
ûȵŷСͻܹϵĲ룺ħħġ
ŵס֣Լʰüʩ˸ް
Сʹ˸ɫҪ¹򣺡Сллħ
ŽϵĶһ٣̧ͷŷɫʲô֣
һ
ǰɣײҲУ
֪ȥСˣ
һЩ촽̧ͷС
ſ·һ̣ɫ̾ͱˣеĲҲһ˲䱻촷ۣŭ˭ģ
ĿãȻʲô
װʲô
վЦһһӶһԵľ򢣬磬֣˵һжɺϣ˵ʲôĿģ
Щ£ɿ⾵ʱͺȻˡ
ħ̷˵ħ;һģһĺ£ΨеġСһףʽҲϤúܣ
ԭûϸƣ˲ŷ֡Լƣ
ûµǴɻǲɣԱߵСһŵ˹򣺡ħͽźģ
󻱣
ʲô
ʮַѽ⡣
ɫȻʮѿǷʲôණһɿջԼľ᣺ȥ
.
˭ȥ
һϤݵش⴫˹
󻱣
ȥŮ̥
һͷԱŲ˼
үүȥɽ̽ĸ𣿡ŵ˵˷롣
ĸӻˡ˵Ⱥ̫ˣһֱﰵǴϢǿͦħǣϡ
󻱵ŮӫҲͦŴ˽
ֱֱŷһ⻹ͦλĶҵ˰үү
ȥħūӪһһġ󻱵ۺӣϲЦտɣ
ʲôɫ
̾˿С˻֣ȳȥɡ
ǡ
ü˳۵ظС˳ȥ
̤żţſϿʼ͵
ʲô۶ӣ
Сʲô㲻ҪˣСæס
꣡˸ƣ͵
СȰ´һ£æض뿪ˡ
ԼԼش˹

󻱣㿴ӣ˴·㲻ϲЩСħСŮǻ·һڵġ֣㲻ϲĪ˸ߣñ˺ͷֲϲ𣿡
ţ˸嶾ȫĹ
ӫʲô嶾ȫǸβ
ţû
󻱣ûΪʲô׼ħ˿ɽ벽ûΪʲôܲСħūûΪʲôñǼ㿴ħ廹˸ҽзвΣСأҩÿ쿴ϰˣӦˣȻȻأͶǸûʲôоˡ
ţ
ƵƵͷͦ׵ġ
ֱʽġ
ʱӫ濪˿ڣ٣ùģɣⶼˣǰǺޣ÷ˣһУ֤Ժٿǽһֹˮ
ԭӫѾͷģܶˣС͹龫֡
˭źȻһŭ⣬űһڷӣŶ䣬һֹչǰ
ˡ
ۣ㾹͵
Ͽһش𣺡ֻ֪ҵ˹켣˵Ҫ
ţ
󻱵һüĿģ֣С
ǣ񡣡ŲŲ˹ȥ
±¶һһСĵúܣⱲӶûôС
۾ЦǰûкҲҵʧȫ𣿡
ȭͷϴűʤľģȫˣһŬħҩħκĲ
ɫѿü
󻱣֪Լô𣿡
˵˵֪һħǰƣһʮʱԱź򣡴粽룬ҹݣ
󻱣ã
ƫͷƺҲҪܲӡ趼ᵹһ

󻱵Ǻ⣺ȻǱ˵㣬ܲסúѽ㲻Ҫ˳ƯӺòǣе̫ǿˡ
ϵֿ¶һ˵Цݡ
ţ
󻱸ˣ٣㿴ЦˣҲɵЦģôžôأ
ɫؿŷոռɱ˵ģ޶£Цˣ¡
ɷȴЦԽɲãžϰˡ
󻱸˵úϲ£죺ôҵզоôأպҺֵˣҪͲ࣬Ҷݰӣ
ţ


54 
ǰмǰģһߣ̧ۿȥ
˵
ɨ񣬷Ȼֹ
ǿˣҲǰװװɣһߣͱ¶ԣħŭľսħԭͬˡ
ֻôۣջʱǸƤЦģǡ
ҪĿǴ²źֻҪ߾ͺˡ
ҪС΢ر¶
.
ȥ̾ͻصСħūסȥݵС
˷䣬ţӹС⿪˯ѨѨ
Сһ۱㿴һźԼһģһŵûȴ˵
¡οҲǻˡ
Сøˣת˲
̾˿һݣ˾ͻỹ㣬Ϊ˰ȫҪ͵ĵط׾͵ͷ
Сȴǲϣһֱһֱᣬһֱҡͷ
ֻĵؼȰ
˵һѣ˵³֮ı꣬˵Լκλ¡
˵ˣõģҶָͷ㣬͹ԹҵĻ
Ȼ˼˼ôʺί
Ȼոջ޵ϡﻩС̾Ͱˡ
ѨҲûٴ󺰴С
һȥħϢ͵ţʱһ˽Ӵ㣬ȥﰲסһʱ䡣ˣͻػ㡣
С࡭೤ʱ䣿
ȷ
СԲȥɽҾħ硣
ԡ
С졣
ƺҲԼЩ֣Ǳڵ˽ƱһһԸʲô
СɱؿŷҲ뵱Сħū١

ĬΣһŬġ
СźһЩ
Ϊ˸ذСĽɫžһб¶ݵСһԼݹš
޸ĸСħΪߣӲã֮ҲѧʵڻȥˣԡټҷϧħûѡϷѡΪħūħūĵһͱѡħźħ
ƵƵͷԼӦɼԦͨͨݡ
ֻǰСߺ󣬷ͳ
Ź˼󻱣Ҳṵ̂ѷħǲ÷ȥ
˲赹ˮȫСˣС۵ùǺ
ȴֻŲڵʱ򣬲ܽȥæ
.
˵ڣȥԡˣ͸Сһʰ̣׼ޡ
ֻƽסڶҪôǵӰæɨģҪô÷ʰģ衣
СҲûָʹʲôæ֣˳㿴Сôɻġ
괲֮СΪÿһ¯Ѭ㡣
ԭѬŵԶ»ѬȴŨдЩҩζ
ĸ¯ȼ㣬ƵǺˡ
ȿȡɢǰѬ㣬üʵʲô㣿ΪҪŪࣿ
ħҽ㡣С¯ĸӣħʧ֢
üͷšһţ˯ҿϲ˯ˣǱѬ˰ɣ
Сġ
ҡҡͷⲻãҩֶöˣʧ֢ԽԽأͳһ¯ɡ
˵־׼Ϩ¯
СæץסԣǻᰤģҪⲻãǿߴ̣ٸħҽħҽħܳ¯
𾪣ô鷳
СħһֱĹء
ƲƲ졣
ù࣬칬ûô
.
ĸ¯ѬڷѬ˯һͷȻҲѬһš
ҹʱ֣Ѿ˯ˡ
ϧݣóȻȥ¶Լ
ʩչһ
ͱͬʱʩչ˷ȱԭòȻ
еˡ
뿴
.
ȴûǰ㰲Ȼ˯
ڴϣ¹ӳӣɫԵΪ԰ףüͷ˯Ҳš
ͷ亹جΡ
Щ۵֣Ķͷ
ǲá
ŵüһţͷ亹촽ò԰Ҳ΢΢زš
ͷգץ֣Ằ֣ɶܰο֡
ȻǸޱȵĴԣȴǰĳҹ
ʱ»鲻һ꣬͵ʱնһŴ˯
ҲجΣ
ʱôţ
ˣ
۾һѵЬ˴ذű˻
ŵͷŵľѣıŻ΢΢ˣһһµı˵ţţء
˾İҲˡ
ĵ۾
ǰĳΨһͬǡʱجȴ˴סš
źȣ˼ҲԽƮԽԶ
ǰǴΣʹŵʲôجΣ
˵εСʱ򣬴̶ڹ
ڣʲôجأ
֪ãܲǴ̶֡
ΪԼԼһЩɳ
ε˴̶֣ӦҪġ
Ͻ
ɲ֪ǲΪű̫ˣĿڶ΢΢ſʼۡ
ˣҲûƿ
˺ܲӵȴֵزһ˯⡣
úܽ˶ţָоԼɵƲǣĥ־˶ˡ
һ˲Ҳڸʲô
ֻһ˯ȥ
Ƿ۾ѭԼġ
ҷҪʱ˵طġ
ĸ¯ѬѬ˯ˡ
.
ԼԼһ䵽˷Ƥϡ
Ѵ
ʵش˸Ƿ˵Ļ˲䣬׼۾ӭµһ졣
һ룬һҶ˷ﵽϣһ˫ĲӣȻս
͵ۣ
ֻĿһǰ壬۾ȴϷӵλãһսż
˭


55 
Ҫˡ
ʹдӲϮȫ֫ʶؿʼȴӭ˸Ľ
ĺ﷢΢ȴΪʹԵ顣
Ÿƺ˵ʲô
ˡ
һ˲ʧǣǰžΥӣţ
ôľʺϽǡ
ɱˡ
˲˭ֻҪһ㣬ǵ˴ˡ
Ƿһ㡣

.
Żסˡ
ϵҲʶһЩ
ڣ
һƿţ£ʩչ˲
ֱ̨ײһأŲʶѾˡ
ž
ֱ߻ŭˤڵϣ˲ķѡ
ɫ䣬Ϊ߶ס
ˣ
.
ӳȥ֮󣬻æƽԼ±ΪСģͷΡ
ںˮߣ峺ˮ棬һԼ÷Ĳӣʩչ˸һлָ

վӣһԼ촽ԽԽԼǡ
ôôأ
ոյôΣܱѣ㻹ʲôģ
ֻǡ
ϵЦݵȥһĨǡ
Ÿ˰ɡ
.
ȷʵˡ
ˣ֪
Щ˶ǰ𣿾ƾﵽһϣ
˻һ޵ս㣬һֻ̿عһƬ
ͰվķŪúΡ
Ҫ
񣬺¹
¹ĻŻ
۶٣
ⳡ棬ĻҲ̫ðɡ
ſأ
ʱ˫ֳŵأ˫ϥأ
ϥʼ˼ƵĿԡ
㡣Ȼ
ԤƵ̧ͷȻһӶؿ
վǽǣǽҿ
ǡ
Ȼϲ̵ܵǽȥվˡ
.
ѵһȦŵѲߵŮǶһһȥ췣ˡ
ֻʣƹܷƹĴ̣ԼСͷ
ͷ亹ŵʵħʧְֻǡΪץˣħ˸֪˵ò
źԣƫݣͬ
žܿôࡣ
ҲЩˡ
ǡһЩʲôأûʲô쳣ľٶ
ɫˣҪ𣿡
ҪҪ̾ȥѰ
һ£̺ȻָŴµħˣ⣬ƺЬ
һתͷ¡
Ȼ֮ǰЬˣߵʱˡֱӻСӺͷΣ˲δ˫ʧЬӡ
ѽ⣬ЬҲָ
˫ЬʵؽΪذףõȴϺõĽУ滹ЩƵ·
ûµģûµġ
ؿڰοԼ
ֻͨЬӰˣŷֲʲôġ
ɼˣǽŵش˸á
һƬ

סֱͣԼѨϡ
ۣôʲô˵𣿡
ֻתǸСһơ
תȥ
Ŷ
ǽվȻЬӣǾҪЬӡ磬Ь˶һ飬˭ܴЬӣô˭пˡŷһȵӣͨķѰܵ
һ
Сתͷ͵һۡ
ֻſĿһɵӡ
Ȼһ˶塣

ĬĬתͷڡ
ȴԷһЩ
Ȼ֪취ܳ
ûϵֻҪ˵ʲôֳ˿̵ĴݲȣϴԼɾͺˡ
˫ЬӺĳȷʵǲƥ䡣
.
ħôҲ˵ķﵽʲôѰ˵жչ죬Ȼȥ
ֻܿ˵ļۡ
Ϊʲôħ˷ôǿȴһ϶ܷأ
ΪʲôħôҲ˵˵ʲôأ
ΪʲôҪħ޵һҹڴֻЬأ
ŶУΪʲô·֮󣬵һȥʱħ˴ңɫ糺أ
ġе꣬ͣϾԼˣ϶
һЦʱǳȥʱħ죬촽Ҳòеˮˮġһǡٺٺ١

Īشͷʼ
С𾪣ǵ˼ǣħħʵǱǿĲɻף
ۣһˮ˳
ĵԼϵһ˷ܵؼС֣̽ѽֵǲ²⣬ħʵǱɻˣǲɻˡ
ȿȿȡ
ոյǺסȵûȥ
ɲϹ˵컹ҪЬˣһһ׷ѰϺ߶ǲģħǲҪ˼˰
ʵȥ˵˵ˣʰӾ뿪ʳá
.
ֵЪϢʱ䣬Ҳûȥﵽŵס
Ϊڷܰ칫
˭룬ڰơ
ббпںľϣ˿䣬΢аָƺֱ࣬Աߵľƺȿһ̳ȴɫ԰ףƲû
֪Լ˸סȻţǰȥ
ħΪơ
ûȥҲûڶֻǾؿ
ǰڵϣ۴ùƺΪ˱ơ
롣
ûľƱֻƤʣΪδ
ʵش𣺡ΪԸҵҵ˱
źȻʵҺ
ѯʵ䣬ȴΪƽƽȣԵ
֪⻰ôش
һ̣ž֡
ΪҪȾƣͽƱݵøЩȴƹľƱ
һֻĴзǿҡ
ܸܵűָıԵָָܸܵؽڵգȻϵˢһ±
ָָⴥĵطȴȷ̡
ŶһЦһҲˡ
˵գùеľƱһ
֪仰ʲô˼
ǣҲûô
ǣԭҲûô⡣
ŽձϣΪơ
ɢؼȾƣ΢΢̧մȾЩ⣺Ժ󲻱ˣС
һ£ƽһκħū֣С
̲סҡͷЦˣһּԳһ˵֣Ҳûʲô˲ġ

ſһǽ˫ذ׵Ьһ䵭Ը˫Ь˰ɣŻ
ǡ
һƺ󣬾ͳ˯˹ȥ
ȻŸոǾ仰˼
ԭǺߡ
롣
֮⣬¡
һϳϴ޵ġˡˡ
ڶҪˣҲ¡
ǿϲɺء
.
ˡ
ڶһ磬ħͷտҲǽǣɫЬأ
СĵΪ˹ѾվһԽͣˡ
ħ˵ɫ̱ѿ
Ƭ̣ƺ顣
ȷʵԸģԹñˡ
ȥ
ħūȥֿ֮۸ɸɾһǽǡ
һؿڣһ
Ҳãˣ
û֣һ־˯󾹻ˣ
ʲô
Ųӳʲô޷顣
һ㡢ڡ⣡


56 
ħɻҥ֮յúҡ
Ȼܿյ󻱶
ֺǺǵƿţСʯͷզ˵㱻ɻأĲɻҲҼСʯͷ
Ǹǵģ˽ڵķˮƽ򲻻ᱻɻռ˱ˣ֪¶Ǹҥԣ⵱Цˡ
û룬ȴδֻͣü
Щľ
һô£
Ŵۣſڽͣҥ԰ˡ
šüҥԣʲôƣ
һϵıҲⲻԾ࣬ǽնûкúϢˡ
һȻӦ˹ǷĲɧˣ
ŷ̧ͷ֣
ʶԼ˵©죬˵ʵҲֻÿζҴˡǸСʯͷ㲻үүŰɣ
ųĬΣͷᡣ
һɺܿ϶ǲǴ򣬳Щиֱܵħɧ㣡ţүүȥΪ㱨𣡡
ſſ͵ķһ亹һһһκԼյ³çж
ءҺųԾ˷һƽ䵭ѾΪ̫Ϊ˷κˡ
˶סˡ
˺ôһһοŵļС۾⣺Сʯͷڿˣ
һ۾ʼΣССȥˣ϶Сˣҵúú
һЦƿ˽ȥСأСʲôʹͣ
󻱣Ҫʲôѽ
񲻹ܸʲôСĶ˫ֽţ
صǴˣʹ˷һ챦ȫĵˡ
ߺƳһۣЦ֪ģΪЩմ粽룬˴ء
Ǭ䣬̧ͷš
ᣬ۾Բʱ޹峺ôأѵҪʵ˵ӦҷߣʵһߣͰҺȥ𣿡
ɫƵۡ
ʶԼﲻס
һͷС
˵ģʹüȴƲһ˿⡣
üǰһ°̧ͣ
Сë˲ЩãȻؿţЩʧҲЩĻҡ
Ψûиеľ塣
ų㲻ң
ʶԼġݡȱ˵𾴾֮⣬Ѿˡ
ֻӦ䣬ҡҡͷ¡
ų֣󣺡Ϊβ£ħħʹҡ
˵ΪǸˡ
ǧ򴩣ƨ
ȴȻദ࣬ԾһŰԣɱ޹Ķˡ
ƺĹЦһʵŶʲô˲Ƕˣ
ָԼдʣС˾ãλСмƵķĶˣ
Ȥ㶼û֪Ǹˣ
ߣûɸĶԻͿɲ²ɽϵķ񣬱ǸµʵǸ޳ı֮ͽǰϹ˺Ȼ֪ڸģɧʵǲҪҿ䵱Ӧñȵŵס
죡ŴɫĿ壬ֲ

źŶ
˶С
̧ͷţһֺ˵˵ΪǸ˷κΪҪ
Ŀ΢ɫȴˣȥ
ȴûʵСܳȥ֮ŲˮС˽ܴ֮Դ粽𣿸ոСʹͣͲƭúð¡
Ŷ˺ôһȻתͷһ䣺
㡣
ϲЦտصлת׼ˮˡ
.
˵ˡ㡱ĺܡ㡱
ʼ粽롱֮ͿʼԷӶˡ
Ҫվɷվš
Ҫȥ𴦣ɷš
֪ǲǴܾãźе
ʱ˵ʲôž͵û
ʱƺڿɵתͷʱžһӶƿߡ
Ϊʲôأ
㲻ס
ǡԼ粽ظѾܿˡ
ϾѾܾúܾûŴһˡ
ᣬһվš
վЩˣţҿԿ𣿡
䵭㡣
ʹǬó˸Ϸӿʼζؿ
ߵߣֽӶƿһ㣬ܸ֮ء
ڴ̨ϣѩأ죬Ʋ㣬۸÷ķ硣
鲻Խ۾ŴЦˡ
ķܺãҲܺãһжźá
ˡ
ΪҲܺƽ͵վһ
ȴû뵽ȵվԣͬһƬ
Ųôͬ˵ҲԸ
ɷɳɳдɾһжüˡ
Զһɫ÷úƯ
ҲĿϣҲһƯĻ仺ˡ
.
ʱ֣µĶ̳ΣħĴٿһΪ硣
ΪħħȻҲȥˡ
ħ赸ͥǲͬ߷飬Ŀɿڴ
ͥ϶ǸְŮųۣ䣬ڿתȦȦꡣ
ħħŮ򶼴üź׵ֱ޹ǰŤ嶼һױݴ󵨣Ȼֱضϵħ
˳ħŮĿ⿴ţŷŵҲ֣ˣֱħ͡
赸ÿ𣿡źȻʵĿްֲ
ͷÿ
ţÿ
Ͽһش𣺡˺ÿ
˵ʵǵ赸̫ˣͲ
źȻһ˲һЩ΢˵Ҫ𣿡
̫ðɣ
ЩǳħģҪǱ͸˸ūÿ
ź䵭ؿһۣȻ˵Ȼ֪ãʲô
ȻͷӦˣ̵С˵Ĵ˽ħ˵ˣС룡
ɫȻͱøѿˣֻݣԼı֡
֣
һƣȻ̳ԱߵħźźȾƳԹӣһԱȣħųԵûô㡣
æӹŵľƺ˾ƣȻҲѧ˵ģιħԹӡ
ʵû˵ⱻְ̳ƤιӵħʹǲôСū
ֻһƣħͶιѣ̬ţָ˰ף˵⻮ָϵ⣬ľ߷飬ҲΪ
ŵСħ͡ιâ
ſŷƤһֻͣԼṆ̀ӿݵâĬһ£ԡ
Ƿֿʼ
ţ˶ιѡ
һ棺ѱ˰ħȻҪõģѶѵģ᲻̫š
ţѵѡ
һۣһѷŵԼˡ
ü˳ȥħѵġ
ſЩһŵؽж治ɫ¼ʱʧ
.
һֱΪħŮΪ׼ģϾЩħŮʵֱף¶ҹˡ
û뵽ӽβʱһħһɫɫС
ɫͬΨΡǺͷġ
ÿһ˵Ľ϶һģһɫѥ
ʶЩȫŶԡɻġ
бһ˫ۣЦܵķ¶ҶˣûʾЩµһЩ⣬ħЦɡ
Ŷ˰ΣȻԸȥһ
һ£
̧ۿЦЩأ
һƬҡ
ҲǸɵģϷӸ෱ࡣ
µ˸ˣȴûµŻҪ
ǡΪʲôҪأ
ѻ˻ԼҲûᣬѪա
Լֻʣ⣬ⶼˡ
ƾʲôܾŵˣ
һĪЩؿڣţؽһ᲻̫ˣҲͦϧģҪȫ˰ɣܻҲ塣
ЦŽƱŵϣá
ֻЩ˷ܣЩǾƱձŵϾͱķˡ


57 
ħ˵ȫҪǸ߰ɡ˵
⻰ͬеǵģ˷ܵģҲкµġ
ü¹Ǽįˡ
ͬص˵ͷ
ⲻû˴ߣϵžͷ뿪ˡ
ƽȣ̫ˣѾȲȥԡˡ
ǣбҪôＱ
ϴ𣿡ʵ
һӵص˵ͷ
һ˲ȻԼ񷲼Ϸ¥𱡣
ĬΣ˵Ƕ߰ɡ
׼תԱߵ͵͵һСƿ
̫࣬µ³ԲգգۣЦò⣬ҩ̼ЧҪ˼ħģ͵͵ħ˾С
ü
»ûи͵͵ҩĵħض÷ˣżٵѬòϱοҩء
ҩò
Ƿְҩίܾĺ⣺ħòܺá
뾲ҶһֹĿ⿴
΢ô֪ħãԹ

ħ˷ǿǿȻáϻϽߣħ͵Ȳˡڿ֣ҲƵش뿪ˡ
ֻߵʱʮǿӲֽǡ̼Чҩ˷
Ƕ޹ʱŲڡ
ǷͺǴ۵Сۡ
һڵǸħһ˷𣿡
˼һ£Ȼҡҡͷ˵֪һ߸˶ʶʶ
Ѿŷֱˣ˭֪û
ʻɫҰ
һСһЩΪߵСһ˫ۣΡΡʵǸħǲǺܱ̬ǻᱻĥ𣿡
밲οħǸͦˣصģȴŲ졣
˽ʲôأ
ֻǰͬŶദһʱˣܸŶԣ
ΪŲˣŲҲ
Ͳ˽ţ˵ͱˡ
ͷҽʶŵ
ȻãովͲö˵á
ǰͦõģ˵Ͳˡ
⸱ģÿʧߣĸ¯Ѭ㶼˯ž϶òˡ
á
.
飡
ű˴ƿڻˡ
Ͻվӿȥ
ϴźȴʮѣ߸˵ʱʶü
ħ˶ˣ㿴Ҫĸ
һ£ϴɾˡ
û˵
Ҳ˵
ټӣŸˣš
ŽѩҲƵġ
ĿӷɨЩˣͣСŵɪɪСϡ
ƣЩ⣺ˣʣµĶȥɡ
ѡеС߻һˡ
С˶ȥ
һ˲ʣ˷ţСˡ
СߺЩɫ԰׵òǻзڼžԵø
̧ôȥ
ҴӴ˸ߣ粽ġ
ţ𣿡
ʵģС˶Թվǽǣһŵǡ
ۣЩͷȥ
ԭ־һ˲ջǴͷأһһ뿪ˡ
߳ȥ֮ţδԶֻǿȥ
һ͵ǽտţִͷסԼĶ䡣
.
С߶޳ˡ
ûмħ˵ħɱϣǿֻħֻһ򵥡
񿴵ˣžôԲ٣˹ˡ
ħ˻Ų֪ŭɫͬҹ
һ˳ۣͻŪϳȥ
ħתͷŴߣҲ΢΢ظȥʼֶŽԼ
̫ˣ˰춼ⲻ׼ҧʱħ俪˿ڣվԶ
С̽Ųͣ
Զ㡣
С߸Ͻ˼ǽվ
ħɵϿʼЪϢˡ
˯š
ϰ̣ͱ
£
˷챻ˡ
ʱ⴫һС
ħһʵ˭
СħڿҪˮ𣿡
Ҫ
ֹ
ԼĪֹ˰ӣٶ
ħҪ𣿡

˾һ˲ٶȿڡ
ǡҪҩǿҩ˵Լ̼Ч
ħ
ħǴＷƵģ
ԭħΪûҩ
Сһ
һ̣͸еһɺ죬ֱӽӵħĴϣͷ͵ؿĵ˴ͷ۵̾͵ˡ
.
û뵽žȻҪҩ
ǳʱ˯߲㣬ˡ
ȥʱ򣬾һױƵؽҩȥħһͬҩ˵̼ЧҪԣ
ͷһ̧𣬾Ƽ˴ϵӰ
£ڴ󳨣Ŀⲻơ
СȦͨ죬
ϵЦһЩеҩȥ
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ʵȷ費Ҫҩ
ոշŲȲ裬Եģֻҩˡ
û뵽á
ͷСĲ֪СħЩ˯߲ã񲻼ãõϡ
ţ
챻ҧˣģ㵹ġ
װûе⣬ԹԵ˵ħСߣҪЩʲô𣿡
СЩµľ֣ħҡЩڿˣԺȿˮ𣿡
ƳһۣͷӦˡ
С߲΢΢شӴɲ֪⻹⣬Ȼƽˤ˵ϣͷֱӿĵȣѪ
æ㻹𣿡
СͷϵѪɫ԰׵˵ҡû¶һܷħ
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Сߴӿϣˣ޹ǡ
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Сߺٶŵ޹
˸ Ǹ⣺ħСˣʵǲԲˣҪҪջЪϢɡ
ͷüͣ۾пҲڲסЦ⡣
Լ
.
û˵
նʱˡ
С̧ͷֻȻһˣٻһˣ
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䣬ͱ߬ס
һѽͷ΢΢Щζڿһͼ
ǲ棿
һ¡
ع˴磬ĵ۵졣
δؽĴгʹᣴ裬ͬĺϱ۶ϵķ
Ϊǰ˻壬һӶƿ
Ϊ˻ܳȥ굽Űĺҹ
Ϊ˻æߣڶװʲôûĻСħ͡
ǧֵĵ·Ƿһûѡ
ֻǻգգۣͷ˵ð
Žס
ûӦΪĬˣǾʹչȥһ£Ȼ͵ͷȥ
ֻһ㵥£΢ָĵطȴһȼǡ
ɾڷҪŵ⿪ʱȴ͵ƿ
ɫǲ˺ϵӶ֮ΣҲݣ
⧲ƵڵأЩãȻ̧ͷš
žֱ´ѷһӵȡ
Ӹµؿűӵϵķ֪ܣ
ֱű˺ݺˤϵڶ𣬷ʶظ˳ȥ
ʲô
վƲƲ죬Щ˵š
˵ǵġ
û֪һǽ֮޹ոջ˪ħ˾δԼĿڡ
סˡ
Ȼ̶ֳ֪Ϊʲô
ǲͱóˡ

Ŷݺݵĥĥ
ҵҪƣѾĻܹʲô


58 
ʧܡħӳ֪ܵ鱻һƼˡ
ڶһ磬ͱ̽ȥѵ
һģˣ۾ССģббȥʱԵЩ̱ۿŷҲģСūҼöˣԸмɫ볯ҲԼмＸҲ˵ʲôˣԸȥʮ壬ʰ̸ǹɣҲħǰˡ
ĬĬĴǬóһԲ
۶ֱˣ־Ҫȥӣˣг⣬ӾͲˣֱӹɡ
˰Ҳݸ
ת˸ָĻ·˵ʶ
̣Ķ
ͷҵҲ˵ѡİɣҪߣ˵
˵գͰѶջȥת뿪ˡ
̣㣬ҵţ
ǸǰȻֱֵ׳һžеˡ
Ҫ֪ºҲҪߣô죿
ߡ
̾˿
.
ôôͿȥħĴСС˵Ϊԭû˶˼ħ¸ͲɫѬĵˣûһɹЩĻħͣڶ˾ûˣ
ûˣüͷһ˸Ķ
СƳһۣû˵ˣ
һ
ûãһ
ֻ
ҪҲߣô죿
ó
粻ôڸ˴һ
.
ȥšС˵ħҪȥԦ޳źŴףջħϸģ˵Ͳˡ
ͷ
ħǴɫģʽÿֻǳòС
÷׸ߵǰ۵òУ첲ʹÿҪˡ
ħΪס
Ŀӹյüͷ壺û𣿡
СȥˡۣЩ䣬ңҰͽ
ţɡ
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ħԦ޳ŲδǵħޣЩħӴԸײУѵˣħõ
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˺֪ûж⣬Ǻ°Ͳ˲֡
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ΪһֻˣҪ𣿣


59 
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ʶ֣ȥŵ˿ڣɻûͱһƿˡ
СҲƼߵĶŻææ˹
£ˣһ
ްſʼʩչȴƺ̫˳
ͨӦòáֻԨܵõġͣԽҲŰ˨ֻû뵽ѡѾʼڵ˿ڣ촽˲ֻצо綾Ѿץ˲ħͣħҽҲ޾֮·ģ¶ҽΪҽΣ
С˶ʼҡҡ׹ˣһѪɫûС
Ҫ˼̫࣬һҪ¼ݱˡ
ȻڣڤԨ񣬷ڤħ֮䣬ǰһȱΪʮ֮һֻ伣Ҫˡצϵȷжأħ˵Һܽⶾ
ͣһ£۵ѾΪڻҵڤԨ񣬵֮⣬ڤĿڤҲء
ŷҲҩֻҪÿֻҪнų
һţ˵пɽ֮Ҿͷˣ£иħ͡
ſŷ㵹֪ò١
ͷ˵ħˣЩСżȻڹżпġ
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60 
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ɾݷ֪ڤŮȨϾǶżϺõĿڤ顣
ӲСڤŮħ̬ҲƲϲΪһܽڤ飬û뵽ⶼˣӰ
ŵǿżÿóԳԣ˯˯ֻҪһѾͻ̴񣬽Ӵټڷܵ÷佱
֪ħôôˡ
ÿŲǷˣҪǷĻʵۣʮ͵Ӣš
վȣĸ̡
ϲŽӼ
ΪÿʱСͻᱻϳ
Ҫ߿š
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ԭҲ𣿡ʵÿħ鹫¶Ҫǲɢħͣ
ʱ·ֹ͵Ľ硣
СҡҡͷûаҲſʼģԭħӲܻ䡣
ü
Īڷ
˵׼ʲô
.
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»ûǽȥСס䡣
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綼ģˣΨЦŵԵĿ
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61 
нѩŰĺ˸¥һ̵ϡ
ɷȴʲôûһԹԵڵϣ˶ָ֮⡣
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62 
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ϲ
ո˵ϲţ
ҲԼĻסˣڶɬίֹס
ԭƵ˼ĪΪΪϲţ
ԭ
Ȼʡ
Ȼʲô
һĨ
ˮա
ǡ
췢һжԽ˷Щ˼գգ۾ȴûټʲô
ʲôŵЩŹ֡
ᡣϿһشָҪɵױƵصݸƣдЩҫƵϲ㿴ҿˣԭϲ㡣
ţ
żֱҪŪˡ
˵ʵոշ׵һ̣ȷʵǶҡˣ񣬿ŷüЦ־Լĳ뱻óס
һѴ쵽ǰֻ֣ɫ۵籩ŭΪˣЩϷҾͻ𣿣
ЩãȻؿţֻŴǹдλεļͶ⣺ôΪ˵ϲңҾͻм㣬һҡβشչȥ𣿷Ҳǰɵˣϲ˵һĲֵԣǰϷˣֻҾöģ
ס
һֳƵ³³
ֱ뺣ףԺ
Ȼ
ѾϲˣͲϲˣ
ϲڤŮҪڤŮɻ顣
ôԼʲôأ
ʲô࣬ÿһκĿۡ
ԭϲϱһ㶼á
ֻԼܡ
롣
.
ʹüۣתˡ
ȴ߬üҪ顣
ҪȥĶŭ
̧ۿ̵˵ֲϲңһʲôҪعɽˡ
֪˵ϲƭġ
ǣŷĽëʧŻûĿһۡ
һһ˵Ļġ
ֿɳܵضҡˡ
ܡ
һԼ΢ϵĻ롣
һѽǰۿЦһ߾ߣ㵱ħʲôطߣĪǿ¶Ͻħ̽鵽Ϣۣ
ü͵ǵģҲڤ˵飬Ҳκβ顣ԺǴҲ֡
Цƾʲô㣿
ĬΣŵ۾߰ţԺҲħ磬Ҳˡ
֪еһ۴ʹţ߬˷ĸ첲ߣħҵ֮ǰĶҲȥ
ҵһҪڤ繥ͥ𣿡
ţȻѾ֪ˣҾ͸ܷˣ

Ըҵ
ţžʹ³קŷĸ첲ȥ
ֻһ飬һ͹ĻأʹмֿһҾ¶˳
Ŀɿڴ
治ǷҶ
ҷȷǸҪһЩ
ĶµţҵԳɭ
ȴ෴
޵ҰƣҷţûдֱǶķ档
ΣдҲʩչûдҲŵ޵
ŽڴϣȻóһס
˳ȥŷһ˾ȻǶ˵صףƺҽɵʱѾˡ
Һ˰ΣȻ󻺻̧ۿţ̵˵
ţҺôǸ˼ҵĽס𣿡
Ͼšƻ顱֮ʱҲùת˲㽫ˡ
ȴЦˡ
úÿòΣﹴŴЦȴƽ˼ĵ׷úƣʲôƳɵģ
кȻ˲ԤС
һ̽һƬȻûƳɵģ
νǻ˵Ľǡ
ͨƵͬǴӻϳȡģ֮Ҳȡ˵仯ԽǷǿߣƳɵԽѡ
֮ԱΪΪǡġӻϳȡպҲػص˵ȥǱŵһ֣ˣ⡰ظ֪״̬ʱ֪ߵ
ͬʱǿгϣˡɢ
ŵһҶˡ
𾪵ؿţǿһӡ
Ƽı飬ЦøǺÿ̼ǵҽѣǳҵĽƵΪͣԺúе׷ڴ

ˣ⺢ӷˡ
̱ðЦˣȻǼƷ
һסӣЩУţջȥɣҲܣȥܣΣգһСľͻɢ֪𡭡
ŴгԼӣЦƾʲô㣿
ĿϿңָĲܣҷģϲ㣬Ҳƭġ
ϲңҧݺݵ˵˵ֹΪһĵ𣿡
һʱȻ
ŰɣĶҲ׼ȥ
˵գתˡ
ŭıӰ죬ջǴţϲ㣬ƭģ
죡ɷһѻڴϣĿ壬ٸ˵ֻҾɱ㣡
Ͻ졣
ţžͿ첽˳ȥݺݹҵš
ϸƣͻᷢŲҴңЩǱƵ뿪
.
ûдʩչҲκ졣
˱˯˱
һʱ֪˼ա
һֱû
æ°ɣ
Щɥ롣
һ뵽ڤŮңͺȻʮˡ
Խ̲ס뽫Ĵá
ʱžһ죬ұ˴ˡ
ţ
һڴŤͷȥ

ֻǣźˣմž·һΣʮֲȵ
ˤæ߹ȥҪ
߽֮ŷŽ촩·кɫİơ
񳣷ׯء
һ
ǡȵϲưɣ
ţȥŵֶȥ
ȴȻ߹վڷǰͷҵ˷ļϡ
ű۾ЩƣΪʲôҪƭң
ƭʲôˣ
ίƭ˵ϲҡ
ε˵ûƭ㣬ϲ㡣
ȴЩˣƭӣ

ǹ˺ܴһ§˷ͳɳƣ˵һ顣
˵ʲô
ŵͷڷ˲䣺˵ϲңǼٵҲ
Ĭ˰ΣȻƿ
ŵ۾˵ţ㲻Ҫɻ𣿡
űЩãȻʲô飿
˵ġ侲˵˵ڤŮҪɻ顣
üүүˣҪˣȴ˽ס
㶵գգۡ
죬˵ȴʲôҲû˵
ֻһҵϲӿͷĶ˺
һ촽ɰͰ͵ģЩǡ䣬öָ𣿡
ţûС
Ϊʲôգ
˾ƣʶҲģˣͷ󣺡ΪʲôҪգ
ؿţؾֿЦˣţϲ㡣
§סǼϷıǼ⣬˵һ顣
ɿһͣЦ˵ϲ㣬ϲ㡣
űۣ§ȥ


63 
һۣͿڴϣüǺڵġ
硣
ֳͷڴϣЦؿ
ֻһ£ΪƵԵʣ΢΢ǴһĨʺǺ۶޵¶˳
ɫһ
һ£ʵϣûʲôɣ
һ㡭ǵˣ
űۣԺȴֳֻڴӵǵĻ档
һĿĮ纮У첻۷ʲôȡΪǵĹϵԺͬҲΪŵʲôҷȥ
ĵԭħ뷭ˡ
Цһô㻹Ҷ㸺𲻳ɣΣ
˵գ´·׼뿪
Щţ۵ʱ򿴶ס
̾Ϣߣڴϰ·Сţˡ
Ŷһ죬ӷа·˻ܣ
æ뿪ıӰЦЦٶ㿪ڵ£ûʲô
ŽŲһ٣תͷĿɡ
ġü䣬Щźҵ빴ţϧûɹ
ɫһ죬һס
ţҧδ㲻֪ܣ
գգۣ޹ͬϲ׽Ͳ֪ˣ
ž
һŽԷ˷ϡ
źתӣҴ뿪
.
ֱҵĴٶȹرգֽҵźôĽԷЦ⡣
ʵȷʵûзʲô
һʼȷʵЩ֣ܿ͵˴ϡ
ǵǴͣ
§סڷľѣ΢΢ȴˡ
ôˣ˴ļ
Ƶģԡ
Ϊʲôԣ
Ƶģϲ˲ſԡ

̾˿εòУѾϲˡ
̧ͷί˵Сǣƭˣǲŵġ
Цǳɫ۾峺˵ͨһ¶˳ײ˷ôҲЦˡ
ֻýűڻŵͷϣ˵Բ𡣡
űһһΣѱˡ
ôָ
ãҲûծ
ģҪģߣǸͱǧٿ׵࣬һһá
۾Ĵϣ˴ǡ
֪ˡţõġ
.
Լؿڣкİ˳ЩɬЩϲ˿˿Ƶۡ
ջһѰ޲ýá
ƽ
һ뵽Ż˺ǳڴ
ֻҪڴͻ
˺ܾãЩˡ
ǽһһߣߵʯŵʱȴƺŵ
Ϊ̫˼Ų˻ʯŷȷʵû
ҲǣʯһŵҲʮٽŵ
ǽںͽڵǱ÷ǳġ
ԼǿġǰңȻ뵽һ⡣
ֻҪ뿪Ҿͺ˰ɡ
ʩչѶʯһȷһˣû죬ſչж
.
һ֮󣬷ķ𳤵͡͡һͱʯţͱһȭͷСĶ
ʯźͽ綼һȴƲĹ
ſȥһƲŷ֣ԭһ鵲˶ڡ
Ϸõ顣
ǡͨˣ
۾һ̾Сذָȥƿ顣
žડ鱻Ƶڵϣ˵ſȥһƣͿޱ

ĬĬһ²ӣС͵ҲҪӣҾǾЩơ
ͣһ£ŵ۾СţҲʲôҾ࿴㡣
۾Ժ󣬺ȻЩǱƿˡ
ǱƵ飬ȴû¶סǸڡ
ؿŷĿдЩζЩ
Ҷܰһ档
.
Ȼ
һ֮ЩеĿؿֱߣϣֻ۾ҧܱܲܶҿ
ҿʲô
վӣһǬɨʽ¼ʮ飬һԴǶӸ˷飬ҡ
ÿ
Сһ䣬ȴóһ飬
.
һС˲ˮ͵£СƵƷƿϲ⡣
¡ͣһ£˿ڣɡ
תͷһϵĶڡ
ⶴֻȭͷЩſȥֻܿںһƬ
ջĿ⣬Լ
ӺһֺֻȻǶ˳һŵ䡣
Ųͷʵʲô
ţȻԱٹȣҲкüûʳˡһ£ܸҸ㡣
˵ţֻ־Ѿ̯ˡ
ƺ͵Ÿݡ
ЦһûһѺԾ
Ƿ˾Ϳ˵ʣܸһ𣿡
ţ
űģڿͣһֻڷзһ
ֻ˵Ҫһ
ллл׼ִӶճȥ
飡
סˡ
ⶴڱͲŵģ͸պÿ˶ڡ
ʱź̾˿ſ֡
ԹԵſ֡
΢ָ⻮ƣǸˡ
ҲԼ˻ȥ
տգȴЩ
һ̣žͽĴӶ˹
̫СδȫӶڴֻǽֺֻеĵĵ˽
ΧǽںںģĵŵָָͬǸɫĸ㶼÷ˡ
һ̵ֱ˵ġ
촽ŵ̵ָ֮ȵ⻹ɨָм类ǰʸ˲ŵָӶ
Ӷһ
͵ջԼ֣Լˡ
Ϻޱ飬Ҳֱ壬Ψհָ
ǹ⹴ġ
һضǰհ׵ֽš
ĮأĻŵأǿ򶨵жš


64 
͸ķ϶Ϯ𣬷̾Ͱһǡ
ʶɫ
ǰЩ춼ţʩչʱʱ̶̿磬ҹ
ţɫˡ˯ˡߴŵ
ŴӰ̧ͷ˱ȥ˯
ҡҡͷҪҵ㡣
Ƴһۣʲô
˵ҸոտˣĴĴֻһǽͬʱЪϢҲǿͬߡ
ţ
ŶһȣЩؽȻǱ飬һѶס˶ڡ
Լȥ˯˵
أ
ȴûٴ
.
ϣȥ
̺ȴһ˯š
Ӵʼǽһһš
˯ʲôǽͷ˹
ֻΪҺͽԵʣйܴĶԵЩʧ档
Ҳ˵ǽҲһС
ЦԽô𣿡
Һҹ̸ʱֻ㴫Ƿ
ţǾͱ졣

ԼһӣһǽС˵ţһСССľУֻÿ˯ǰͬ˵˵
ȴû
ûĬˣ
ĬΪߡ
.
ǣٶԼķ𳤵ǽͶ
ǽʯŵϲͬŪҲֻεЩҡ
ɥ̾һЩϣǽ˵ţҰɡ
һƬ
ڷѾ˷𳤵׼ʱƽҲԶЩ
̾´Զһ㡣
ţһ󺮹ڽϹһѲǽ
ǰѽȥʱҵǽںͽͱһ
ǸҪһЩ
Ѿɵ׼˯ˣҲɵϣЩ˵㷨ȻѾ˵ز÷𳤵Ū˰춼ûŪã㾹ȻһӾͽƿˡ
žһ˲ұİٶǰΪģǽڵħʯպķ𳤵ˣƲҲ
ΪҶ裿
һ£ЩԤУǿʣΪʲô
ƽȣʲô°ĥ

ȻЩôˡ
ԥ˰ΣǼʵȻأ
ŵ˵İٶǰɵġ
ȴһζṳ̂ɽܹȥ°ˡ
ûлش
ʱһǻߡ
ҽ֮ˡ
һûĵ°ʲô
ֻԵӱ΢¼
ֻû뵽İٶǰõңȴó
ţСغ֡
ۿڵķ䣬ƽƽȴһĨŰƵĺ壺ЩҪҲģҾʬĹס

űۣЩƣؽֱ۴۾ϡ
һ̣־ͱסˡ
ǷӶֱۣǣ֡
ۣ

һ£Ҳû鿪ץøЩ
ϼճƵġ
䣬вҪٲɿҾͿ֡
£˵һ飬㿳ҵ֮ǰһĻһӶˣŸߡ
ţ
Ϊʲôзˣ
ܵŷЩ
ĸů񣬻ģȵģһĦŵָġ
ָŵָ죬ͬʮָۣȴΪƲ㣬ͷˡ
˶Σŵƣ˵
ţԲ𡣡
ںҹбɳƣԵЩ繣ǰֿ⣺
ŻǲţҶǧظ㣬ϲ㣬ҿ˵һǧΣһΣһڴΣֱŵһΪֹ
ŴԴû˿ѹ
оԼͷݵ˱ˮÿһ˼侲̡
һŷĹ
и侲أ˵ǣƭӡ
ⲢһůûϢأžأһ˵Ĳ


65 
Сʯͷ첲ô£󻱷еĹӣһǣˣ
ųĬһ£Ÿ첲֣ûУֻЩ顣
̾˿ͨ˰ɣ˵㣬ô̿ʲôѾˣôù
ţǣ˯Ʋ̫á
ǣ˯һ
̧ͷ󻱣ʵүүҹʲô
û¶Ͳүү
ħ˵ͬ
̾˿źزУǸڤŮ޵Ļ£ûת𣿡
ţүүѾͬ͹ˣˣǴδйԼ
󻱴ü۵˵̫ϧˣǻô죬ʲôĻˣһصҺһ·ӭ׶̶ȵؾš
ţ·ʲô
ȻΪ˸Ҿͬ˽ģúһ
Ŵۣңͬ˽
һ£ƺŷӦŶ
ͷЩãȻΪʲôܾã֪»òأ
ɫҲû
ԺȻֳǸѩҹ͵δ죬˵ϲܲܲҪڤŮɻ顣
Ž˼ӻг룬ͷ˱裬ȴôҲѹƲסĿڻɬ鶯
ŷ²룬ʵүүͬ˵
󻱣ֲɵʱֶڤ˵Ҳͺù˵
һºףֻҺù˵¶ʱ򣬺ȻиĪʯͷһ¡һһΪǹɽǿʯͷˡ
ǶǷҵġ
Ŵۣ˴ǡ
󻱼ֱΪԼǿˣСʯͷЦʲôұʯͷºܺЦ𣿡
ûСźܿЦݣ˵үү˵
ʣҲûɶ˵ˡ󻱶һ£ͻȻ˷͵ܵɽһԡ
ţʲôԣ
󻱴չٺһЦ˵ʲô¶ˣôϵʲôŷУǹŵĽãǵǱʲô٣ǲ֪Ǹߵӿ޵ϡﻩģ˵ʦ϶ǱץˣҸ˵òЦ
ţ
źؾЩ飬ͷĬĬȲ衣
Ȼһֻ֣ģʵһֱ͵͵ڹӵɫ
û˿𺳣û˿ĵǣû˿ļ٣̾ͷſģοᡣ
׻ûס̧ͷĨһᡣ
ŵļСʯͷڳɳˣ߳ˣڰ׷ˣүүҺøˣʵոҺú£Ҫȥ
ţҾʲô
󻱣ŶȻҪ£͵÷ŵóסһǧ꣬϶ʲô鷳ˡ
ٴȥҪ¶ڣվӣүүûʲô¶ҾˣԺ鲻ٺ˵Ҷһ㶼ġ
󻱣ţ߰ɡ
ŵֱͦıӰ󻱸˵ᡣ
ӣڷˣ
.
϶ʲô鷳ˡ
ϷȥĴŷֱڶûš
󻱲ϸ˵ᣬɫЩء
.
ǴǴŷģﲼ˽磬ŶҲȥΪҵǽϱҲ˷϶һͼĴŷѩƵضѵǰ
󲿷ֶڵӴġ
׼ǻţƼһ̫һĴŷ
⴫ŷֽǴӾ˺ģǲ棬ּҲצ͸¶⡣
ֻд֡
û
ûҲһϳ󻱵ּ
üŵǸδ
ĴŷշȥµĴŷˣʲôץסˣ˵Ҹ˸ˡ
ˣ˵Ʋˡ
Ŵŷ˹㾹Ȼıץסˣʲô֣ϡ¶
лģް
Ŵŷ˭㣿ְˡ
ŴŷʱһҪңһʱף
ЦЦصá
.
հѴŷȥԼ졣
Ųڣ˭͵͵ܽˣ
ߵʯŴĶڣչȥ⿴С
Сüһ޵һܣȻ׼߳ȥ
һ·ƾƳˡ
ⲻС
Ķӣ硣
ߵߵ
һ¶Եʯš
תͷȥ
ڴǰϤһȻ󼱴Ҵ˹ȥʦ𣡡
Сģ
磺ǣӸѧģڽħ
ѧÿɲ̫񡣡ݼ߯һ۾ϳˡ
磺ʦѵǣӶȻǡ
һ£һ¶ڣɫЩãȻ
ܿʩ˽磬һμжĽ硣
˶ֻ֮ȸܴɳ̫׷ΪʲôҪ
ƳԼ֣ΪչʾһԼϵﻹиҳȥ
̵ʦԵƬ̣ʹûⶴڽȥƿӡ
أⲻͨǻƵӣƾ㣬Ʋ
һ£ңҲԸӡ
̾ڲ֮ͬ
üѳʦţˣʦ˼
ЦЦ磬㻹ǵΪ𣿡
磺ǵá
ҲԸΪҲԸģĪ˵ҵûɵøݸҰҲǲԸߵġ
üƺǲ⡣
Ц̾˿Ժˣ߰ɣСģɰòǱƼ׼Ҫ¶ڣȰعȥӵǷģ˵Ҳʲôµġ
Ǹĵӣô˵̾ת뿪ˡ
һţƼħξʮСʦܣޱվſڡ
֪˶á
Ŀһְϡ
˵СģֱӹиҸȥ
ɫްĿ絶Ƿݣ˸ոĶԻ
Ŷ˰Σƿ񣬵˵߰ɣҪˡ
紹ۣǰˣͣתͷţʦʲộҹŵӱ֡
ӹһ˿ɻû˵ʲôѾһʧˡ
.
ˣʵ
δȴǵִ
ſŶڷǰһȺͽܣҪ㣬˶ų൨ġ
ͷǵǣҽǧ꣬Ҳһͽ
üô˵Ҳĺͽܣ
Ȼؿҵĵֻܵܵ˼е⣬覲褡
Цһ
̧ۿţз΢⣺Ȼ˼㣬Բ֮һϾҵĵӣȴҵˡ
ţ
ŶȵؽѰϷӷŵǬӶ˽ȥҪϷӡ
ллüЦؽסˡ
̧ͷȥЦŵģ͸ССĶڣȴֻƵü۾
һǸҪҪٿһ㣿
.
ǣ֮󣬷ӵĶڡ
պܰͷȥ֡
Դ˺⡣
ſԴȻʵոա˵Ļ𣿼õݰ㣬Ҳ뿪
ȻͷӶ̽ȥ۾ģҪ𣿡
ƿĿ⣺ˣڵڱҸ㿪ôĶӦ֪ˡ
̾˿Цðɣ֪㡣
ʱźȻ˺׵ƿ̧ͷȥ
һ룬һԲԲһء
һĸߴĿŵһƨϣ֣ССʯͷ㡭ٺ޷Ҳðͷˡϰ
ţ

ţ涣ΡΡشӵһһ߹ȥˮģߣҲԵ÷Ϸﰡ󻱶Բ㣬ﵫﲻϷﰡ
ĬĬſ죬ҧϡ
󻱻һ飬ŵñֱ˹ȥ
źͷ
ŽүүƵϣȻǸǸպñŵϵԴ
ȷʵеˡ
飺Ҫٿôһ㣿ܰҲǲǾûôˣ
ţˡ
ŽϵĶߣóֺܿ쿪һĶ
ԡ
ܺãӶ̽ˣ㲻Ǹڷϵͷ
էһϵĴƵġ
ܺش
ˣզţʡûٸ񡣡
ϵתѣۣ˵


66 
ŻЩģ֮СغүүʹͷվһԲ˵ˡ
һֻؿڣһַֻӣѵվʹļ׵˵ұѰ˼շǱη°ˣԭ㡭Сʯͷ˵ķ£
ŵħС͵͵Ǳħ̽鵽˲ٻܣЩй¶磬Žġ
ǸĺԵСȻǷԵ?
һ뵽ɷѿĸСʯͷҩȻǶҩ壬󻱾;Ŀֿʼˡ

󻱿ţָǸ󶴣ʹɵΪɵôй
ţ
ƺҲЩ
ĬΣƽңһҲ벻˿˴š
ô˴ˣ
˵ȥϢ㿪˸󶴣ýͬ裬ոջҴأкã
󻱵û˵
Ϊô벻һ㡣
ô
·ȥϢǼ٣ǻ˽Ĳ档
󻱵Ľȥ
أһԹأҧгݵص򶴿ڴķСʯͷǳԵˣ

ʲô
Ҷˡ
Ҳܺߺðɡ
Ҳ˻ȥ
.
СʯͷȳȥɡЩɣҺͷ˵˵
ȴû
̧ͷüôȥ
ſһ۷ֿ˿󻱣ĿЩɣүүѱҰˣǵв
˼Ҵ
ûͷҲûҡͷֻ˵ȥ䡭ѾöΡ
ۣڹң
ҡŴۣɽŲδ
˲Ŀۣͷð̡
ͿʼϷﵽʲôħôأ
ȥȥһѽƳ⣬˵Ҳһë˰ɡ
.
Ƴȥ֮ѵһţȻ˳Ǹҡ
һؿ´ûʲôԷĶ
󻱺ŷ˵ôܵħɧҼСʯͷ
޹ؿɲҪģҷӲҪģƣҲҲߣСʯͷŲߡ
ЦǣҪǲ˭ܱңҲһȻ
ȥֻ꣬Ҫһܵħ磬ͻ̱󻱴ߡ
ȻÿֻҪһ֣ͻܵ˽ֵĴָʮ˽ĿǰʵñһССס
λе̾˿úʲôӣ˵ֻ
Ƴɵˣʲô
ôģ󻱻ȥ
һɫͱˣǡ
ͷӵĽ
ҡ
ɵȻޱȣȡĹȴͬ
˿ϣ˾ͻɢ
֮ʵɲ⣬ȷһ
ôˡ
ڶġ
ķ᲻ῳ
ǶӮˣ˵ǲҲݲɱܽ˽ߡ
Ƕˣ˵ôɢΣ
Сӣ
󻱲ΡΡغֱ󱳵סǽڲͣס
꣡꣡
ӵ׻ûջһųġ
ϲҡڣҲϲġ
۵ʱĿѾ
ĬһǰƼϳʮŵˣµˣһĿϷ𳤵ĵۣһǱͱ˵ĶԴʲôȴʲôңֻһξƺ˵©죬˵ҪɱȻɱ˵ϲ
ҲҪɱǿħǣȡģΪܽǡһ£󻱵۾˵֪кܴķգſܻ˶󻱡Ҿܹҡ
󻱣ƾʲô㣿
ؿ󻱣㲻ǣҲɱ𣿡
ɫٿȻһ䡣
Ŀƣ޴ӶΣħǵ飬ʵ֪˰ɣȴƭ˵ֻǴҵĽǡδޣȴһ˫ƯĻɫû´ĻǰħĪʵӣţ̳ɫһħǡ
ɫҰףʲôʱ֪ģ
ǰħȾƺʮʮҹ˴ꡣ˶˵Ǹ˵ģֻƼһֱڿźӵ֣һһ˵Բ𡣵ʱҾ;ò̫Ծȴδ룬ֱǰҽ˵һħǵʱҲ׹ԭɷħޡ
󻱣ڵʮֽɱħ㣬һȻɱɥʧǣ˫ֲѪӣҲΪʲôҪðŷŵģΪҲֻ
ĿЩ㱣̧ۿŷ촽˲˵ʲôȴû˵ֻǷǽߡ
ٳȥɡ̾˿ס󣬡⸱ģƼ˻ɡ
һ֣Աߵ֣ɣǰǻһֲδꡣ
ɳƣá
.
󻱵޷δȴ
󻱶һ飬׷ܿ˻鱡˼
밮Ƕʱ佫ɫֵ쾡£ϲ棬ʹα磬żţ仰İޡ
ΪΣֱ󻱵ȥûݡ
˵꣬λᲹһΪʢĻ磬Է˵ҵŰɣ㵽ʱῴƯ
ɷûȵǵĻ
λʱɫ㱣ﱧĶӣȴֲֻķޡ
ţħճ
.
ź𣿡һһʵ
ˡҶӲӺŮҲֻҵֱһģ̳Ƶġ
ͷղס
в꣬ͬκ˵ͬκ˽ȴڴʱ˿翪բĺˮȫй˳
󻱽࣬ǰϲķ羰ϲԵʳʱϲǳƽδ
ҲȻħǵĺӡ
Դɥʧһǡ
Ǳؿ޳
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.
ҵȶûȵ󻱳ҲûȵʲôĶ
ֱɫ̲סƿ˽ȥ
͸Ǹڣȴ֣үүͷ塣
󻱸ӾҪ壬һѴ֣ȥˣôһûУ
󻱺ߺߵгôûӮң
û𣿡
󻱣ʲô
ֺ£̧֣谭Һ̸
󻱣ǣİɡֻҪһţͱҴţ
һûأˣҪǹˣÿ̱ʲô
󻱣˵ú˾ܰҵƵġ
Ϊʲôܣϻλ飬Ҫǳˣʵʵޣ㲻ҳ𣿡
Ķһ٣üȽүү
үүеǽһɴࡣ
󻱣
ϵıʮ֣һƤƺĵòС
ûһִչϴһЦݣȿȣٽһ
һƿĴһһΣҪȻϰɡ
۾һشӦˣ׼ô죿죿˭ӭף
ǳ
ֵЦ˻̫ˣͶҼСʯͷӭףʲôʱ򣿣
̧ͷԱ˴š
۾ɤմȾһЦ⣺
ţûүүأ׼ʲôʱȢҰ
ţ
ŷӦȵȣʲôʱͬһˣ
ˣֶξֲ˹


67 
ʧǣŲδش⣬ƺֻǽĻ˺
ɫƽΪֻзĶ
үүʱˣȥŵ
аɡҲվӣԷȷţ¡
ͷڵҴЩƵĲҶδˣЩ
󻱣á
ţ
ֱź߳⣬Ų̲סʵүүͷĹϵôͻȻͱˣ
ողһҪģ
ƳһۣأǺ޵òУôóԺúźţϷӶһ
ţ
ĬĬƫͷ˵ˡ
˵ʲôȴû˵ֻŵļӵس̾һ
.
Żȥʱ򣬷ſҵĶڵһЦʵôүүȰԹԺҳɻ𣿡
ü֣
ºͣЩζ
˵˵
һ̾Ϣȴûټ˵ʲôҲûټòš
һġ
롣
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ߵǸڽҲڴЩɰͷȥ
֮ʱڴ͸ڿŵӣ飺ţҲǸһ£ĻҾܴҵĴĴˡ
ţ
žȻЩɳܵĶˡ
ҡһ˲ͺܿȶ
ĮޱȣУ
գգۣΪʲôУϿƲסԼ𣿡
ˢһ¾ͺˣ治ɫ˵Ի

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겻СôԽԽȥˣ
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ǷʳԼ룺ţ겻ô㴿ˣԭɲġ
ţ
ʳ뵽ʲôһԴЦ˵Ŷˣˣϴν͹˵Ҫϲ˲ſԣǡ
Ŵʲôʱ˵
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񿴵Լҡҡλε߽ҡ
񿴵Լֱס˷
񿴵Լͷ˷ĲûϢأίίسߡ
ϲ˲ſԡ
ƭˣǲŵġ
ƭӣ
˵һ顣
˵ϲңǼٵҲ

ţ
˶һš
ԭԭˣƺȻ˵ִ
ֱ֮ͷ˹ϵ⡣
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ԭƼǸղĴԶԼޱȱ΢ϲ
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ֻԭһСϻǸ
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ţ
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߳ŭ촽ӴȻŷֻʣһСǽǸȥȥ
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ȥ
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͵رƿһ˽Ϊ׵÷ȼ𣬼ҴҺ£д̿͡
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Ϊһ˲䣬ħҲɿ̺ӽϵһӰס
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ë̺һ˹ȫǣͷ˿ֻܿС
ħ½ס̺µˣɫؿǣĿ䣺ȥ
ŵûһ˹ʱˣŻ˳ȥΪǹؽš
ż˶ˣһ
ͷµˡ
ָֻԭͣ˫ְǿë̺ڴϣüسЦ
ţֵô飬˶Ϊڴϲ˸ˣҥԾͻᴫħˣһ£գգۣЦط⹴ˣǽϾʵҥԺòã


68 
űסġ
ġ
Ȼûص䣬ҲĹ꣬ѾܺܺõؿԼĵ͵
ʹżżҹεѪӿԽҲԼܿȶ
ΪԼֹˮңҲò
ǵʱǺʼˡ
ѵ˵ļ򣬻û¶Ľƿͷſ
¹䵽ӰӰ´Ʋֿܹ⣺ţԭȲҲ˺öΡһֱ㣬㣬һֱӵ㣬㣬Զ뿪㣬ҪɻϢܣּʲѣţңⲻϲʲô
źһϡ
˶סˣƯ˺ϣ֫û֪
ɷûκηӦȴΪΪ
ǿŵ۾Ľëȴе¹⣬촽ЦЦģ˵黰ţֳ֮˵־ͺˣĻҾóơ
Ц˵仰Ȧȴǳǳ˺졣
Ǿѿ
㴹ۣ׼ػ
һ˲ֱ㱻˽סһѱ˷£ԿƵȵĻ䡣
Ȼһԭһʰ
ţڡ𣿡
ʶʧ䣬ʵ
ȴûõشֻõ˼Ҫ̳븹ǡ

Ųֻ֪͵ǣһ

ɼ㲻ΣȥˣնҲסòЩеͶ

Ҫš
ο˵档
ŵԼ⣬һ̤
.
ʱѾˣյĴ̣Щʧ䡣
̧һɫ硣
ȿȡŲҲпԭ
̫ãһ˯ڡ
˸Խᱳʹ֫ٺֱճϺƵġ
㲻ã
̾˿
Ȼƣȴϲá
ǡͺ
ţ̲ס˴ǣõöЩС
ûмôõ⣬һʱ̫ңŲڣվŵ޹ε
ֻƼһĶ˲ͣ
һźӴĺڲ֪ʱǽǵķϡ
ﻹֻˡ

ˢһº
Щѵ߹ȥֽϵĺڲ
ķ˱޾ɵذͷԼë˯Ȼ˹һӾ;۾һգҲգضŷơ

ûˡˡ
˶ϵĺڲʵⲼʲôʱϵģ
ǡ֮ǰ֮󰡣
Է˵Ҫ
˵꣬˲˵͵֮ǰͷ֮ҡҡͷ
ɷȴûͷҲûҡͷ
ֻһ³죬һƵСѼһ˿ڣϣ׵ʱ򣡡
ѿڣϣʲô𣿡
Сһ˫۾ͷϣвн磬ںڵģܰʲôҲû
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Żͦ׹
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ССƵص˵ͷΪǽģ

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ԥһ£ʵмôץģ
ҡͷûмˣ̫ɹܱˣˣűץˡ

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ͷ˺ôһſ˿ڣеģеģһ꣬һ
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Щ𾪵Բͣ꣡һ͸˰ɣ
ܣüġ
ͣһ£Ȼ뵽ʲô۾ЦˣϾҪˡ
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˻أ˻֮Ƿ˵ģǻأ
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һˣܺúõҫš
ӦҲϲŵİɣô㣬һˣϲԼ˵ġ
أ
üȻЩš
Ųϲˡ
ϵЦȥȻЩˡ
.
þû˵ˣ˵䣬Щڿʣͷȥˮˮȡ
ĵˮѵ졣
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Դ˵һȥЩˮȡ
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ǻûߵӱߣȻ͸ой󳶣ۣһ˲ϵȻ̣͵ؽȥ
صرǽϣͷҪ챻ˣ䶼ӿһ
վӣͷϱճѪ۵
ǿ÷߶Ҳ÷ˣϾӣԶҲ޶ȵģߵԶЩӾ̽ȥˡ
̾˿÷ˮˮȻʹñСΣ˳Ŷҡ
֮ʩչԭģ
ǣڶʩչ֮󣬺Ȼ͸оһй¶ͷĿѣŵ鸡۵³һѪ
ŵϵѪһ¡
̽һԼɫԽ԰
۵һ˲䣬˶޿ˣرˡ
ŶѾħˣôͨ˫ȡϵԭȣǱ䱾
ˡ
Ժӿֳг߸֡
Ժô찡
ˡ
.
Ϸ󻱴𣬷Ǻ͵ϵѪղװһ·ģ
󻱴ĶֺǺǵذֲ߰ΰڵϣЩƵ²裬㳢ĸúȣ
ƳһۣЦͦڷܡ
󻱺ߺڵħìܣҶȥıְλˡ
һƷһͬ󻱶ģ˳ֿʼ
ʲôҪ𣿡
еüĽʵСʯͷⷢսģֹֻ̫ͥսʱʱɧƣټħɽìܶأħһħͻ⵽˵ΧˣҲôˡ
⿪ս»תء
ĵӣɫԥ˼ǣȰȰСʯͷ
ͷҲ⿪սһΪħͥȡһ˫̸С
󻱺ȻһԾĿЩɣ㲻˵͵İɣ
󻱵۾ɫֿޱȣԶվߡ
ص˵ͷаɣȰȰСʯͷҲǵô߷硣
ϲ߷硱ʣЦ۾˵á
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˸߲ҵش񶴿ȥӭţæһ춼ڡ
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ǰϣ΢΢ۣüĿƣ롣
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ҽߵЩԶȥˡ
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û
ڳ
ңΪϵĲ࣬ŵĹϵͬ
Į۾оԼҲ


69 
ŲģʲôԵɡ
Լ侲ȴɵ䦳һĨţ˵ʼˣţʲô¶𣿡
ƺǾԼ⸱޴ģʵˣͣҧһԼ⣬Ҳƽʵǲ鲻ã
źЦˣͦõģϾҷ̵òʲôģ
һ£˵ţô˵
Ҹô˵
üëĿתЦúǺÿֻ˫ɫ۾ӳ˿̱ٶȿڣ
ǲǾҸñǰӣһΧת
һ£еļЦ
δֵ̫Ǯ
һ
һ˵ţˡ
ţҽյξδմ
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˵գ̧½ҡ
.
߻֮󣬲ûڶվţɵϣǽϵĶڣӡ
뿴š
ŵ
ܲ۵ģڿɣֻӵʱŻԺЩ
һǽһڣŵЩƮش˹
У˵ϲˣұһҪлӦһ£ûô¼
Ѿƽٲ첻Ҳ
ƽؽһʵ
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ƾܲµںֹǴ·磬һߣء
ȻͱòֻһĨŨص
ûкŷìܣûԡˡ仰ȥŵ졣
Ž硭ǲǾͲ
Сŷƺ󣺡ΪʲôŲˣ
ΪʲôҪˣ
Ǳħģˣܳ𣿡С嵭ģǴĨЦ⡣
ס
Ȼ˴ϿʼСϲΥ͸е״Ӻζ
ⲻС
СĹʱ˶ŵҪε̸ŵ
˿̷ȫţûоСίߡغһؿС۾ֱʵ㲻С˭𣿡
СݱҲţŷķһ
ó𳤵סС࣬һ̣Сϱ㷺һĨϤİ׹⣬ͬʱҲĵŵģСƤ⣬ǱļӲס
ǡף
͸˳أΪصǧ
Ȼ;ǰС̬Ϥ
ǲŵ³Ǹ֣ǡأ
СЦˡ
ϵıɢȥߣҲ˳صģ
عڵϳŷ˸ϹĶŵЦ
ͷŷģʦ𣬵ˡ
֪Сˣŵĵӣһ
شӵеĹĨ㲻ȥ𣿡
شۣЩʧ䣺޶ۣѰ궼δѰȴ;ŵĵӣϵϣƺǳ£
۰ĵ˹һﻹǺοģǡ
ұƽ㲻֪𣿡
صҲŶʦ׾ӵ˵ǣңȻħͽڴˣܳƵƽ
ؿŷϵʦ𣬵֪ʰԹ˼飬̿ɱͽô£óˡ
ͼȰĹϡ
׼ʦ赣ǡ˵ţͳһѽѩ
һ̣еȥεۡ
סǡ콣
صǵ򸸵۽ĽնħĻ
콣۵ĽϹ񽣣նԡ
Ȼͻˡ
ǳѽջȥ
ؿŷɫЩˣʦŶ£Ҫ𣿡
͵˶սһԶദ·磬Ļǲܳһ
һüģýҲ֪ô˵ġٺظһ飬ţԸͲ뿪ҲնĻȥҺܸжҲҪ߰ɣˡ
غЦʦô֪ԴһԴջԴ
üأҵĻҲ𣿣
̧ۿһһ˵ҵʦ𣬿ʦ飬ΪӣҲӦʦҷ
һš
ԭġ
Ȼ²ԵֻҲǸĵӡ
֪񣬴ӲͷܵܣҲ
ȵȡ
̧ۿ򳤰أۣܵܣ
һأҲǸ绹ǵܵܣ£ұֵֻܽܶһͬȥ
⻰Žֻȥ
һ
ǵܵܡ
֪ز³ç¡
ɼǵܵܣҲЩڷˡ
üºɴЩôζڣҪһЩԸҲܹ궯ǽø㣬㲻ϧҲͰˣ£㲻ǡ
Ҳһ꣬ʦǲͽȥغȻڡ
û˵
غȻҧЦˣ̧ͷŷ۾ɺ죬ЦݼƵǹܣһһٵؿڵ
ʦҵܵˣûмҵ
һ£̫˵ʲô
ǴＷƵģȴŽкµʹ쳩⣺
ʦ֪ɣǧǰ˹еħӣ˵ҷŹ棬Ҫȥ¼ˣĶãŻѳԼǱܵռ塣
ȥҽ֤ʱĽԼĻǣ˹ȥҡ
Ӵ֮ǿƲסԼ˴£ȫƸܵܣһһһǣڵǸ˴£ҲֻͷңὫҸϳȥ
ҵķֻǧ꣬ԼˣʦΪߣҿ콫ԼŪ˸ӣأȻΪס˺ţҪߣʲôãֵôֵԼ
ûһݾȻ⣬˿żĳأ˶סˡ
ʱȻ˱ըʽĻ
ħʤˣʤˣ
šӮˣ
һ£ҪԼӵľأǲҲһ
ȴŵ૵ôܣȻʧˣžУܡ
üʵһģ
ԣΪŸ
ķӳصԼ콣ڿС
ȻǰˣǾֻˣֻҪ˾ͺãֻҪˣħͻع鱰綼ؽҲ᲻ٱƻֻҪ˾ͺãֻҪˣѹʱҲãɱҲգȫţ
˵Լ콣ȥ
һó𳤵
ɷ𳤵۵콣⣿
ԣֶ÷ۡ
ټϷղűȡûãЩС
ֻ뿳
ֻһһĹ
̫ڷϰţס̫ѣͷ˺
˳صףס˳صĺȴûֹһ̽콣С
콣ƺ֪ԼǸ
ֱֱۣȥ
ĿѣȴȻ˥ߣʲôʩչ
콣֮ǰƴŵǸ˹ȥ
ŵ¡
콣ļ͸塣
.
ۡ
ûô۹
ҲеģǰҲʹ۹һΡ
Բڡ
콣ڲͬһ̣ÿһѪⶼǱջˡ
˵һӣն¡
彥û֪Ҳ֪ԼҪˡ
ûԼô
ΪԼܻػġ
㲻ܻôã١Ҳû˻
һĨźǿӯࡣ
˷꣬ûܵȵ˻
ҡ֪ΪʲôҪ
֮ǰúõġ
Ȼٳһʱ䡣
Ҳ̫á
һ
Ӻ䣬Ҫű
Īض˵ĻЩŵ
ű˵Բˡ
ȻҲǺܺúġ
Żú
꣬ҲûȵһҲûȵŻ
ʶһ̣ץסµĻ
ͺץŵ֡

ﰲοԼ˵
Ȼˣٻסš
.
콣̴˺ѷε³һѪ
ص콣ննԣնѱͽ
Ѫߣǽҡ
ЩѪȴûճǽϣѪһƮ»ع鵽
֮ˣ಻ˡ
񼴱ҪҲøɸɾһ˿ۡ
ЩѪػصɫȴһˡ
ɫƽûʹ࣬ûб飬ûѪɫ
óض䡣
һʯͷ
ͬʱȻƾ£µ硣
ضӳˡ


70 
ŽɱһѪӽʱ󻱼ֱĿɿڴ
ħҲһƬĴϲѶ
һסӵ֣ϵһ飬ûʲô˿ڣֻŵŨصѪ;
һֱԼ츳ģȴɳ֪
̲סʵСʯͷ㶼ˣǵ󷨣ôӮôɣ
ˣҲδŵ˵
֮⣬ԼΪһЩʹɱɱɡ
ǷŭʹȻ
ŸԼʩ˸˻µѪ;
󻱷Ӧ˹֪ǵļƻ
ŵͷ˵ļƻԭգֻװǰ಻סǰ˶ѡ
󻱲⣺ΪʲôҪǰ
Ϊƣǰɱйߡ
Ŵû˵
ûټʣֻǴˣ˼Խò¡
ﻹǺܸ˵ģЦŵļ磬ˣһΪ¶ء
ҵøϽȥϷȥ켱ˡŤͷվԭصţʵ㲻һȥ𣿷ոջ㵣ĵòС
ȥ෴ķߣ뿴
ʲô
Ӷķˡ
׶һڴ˵
ͬ밮ӣҲ˱ûˡ
ԭȥˣԾǸʯ
÷˻ĵʯ
һ뵽űо඼ҪԼֹˡ
ǻֱˣͬʱлһεĶ
÷˻
һ뵽ˣԺȫǸѨȫǸʯͷϣȫһһдµ˼
һǿҵԤУ
ǻˣͻ
ӵһõ
룺
ЩϲҲϲѡ
аģʼǸˡ
.
¡¡
кȻеէǽ춼ը˸˲˻һ
󻱶ĿĪһ˳˳ȻǸսʬ壬ս֮治ͬһ㡣
ưôȻ£ҵ˵ϡ
ʩ˸תͷһƣȴӽֱվԼĿڣɫ塣
߹ȥǰ˻Σʲô
̧ͷˮʪˣɫȫһƬãȻʧ룺ҵĻܲĴˡ
ɫһ䣬ŷֿ֮䡣
£ŵӳòҰס
.
żĵظϵңʩ˲һ̣ԭˤһӡ
Ŵӵһ۾Ϳ˷ʬ塣
Ӳ԰ѩ¶ÿһƤһѪɫ
һĿӣȴ
žûѪҺˡ
֫û֪Ҳ죬֪Լںδεء
ƾűܳŷȻȥ

Ƕոѩʯͷ
ſ촽֣ȴʲôû
.
ܡܡ
ôأ
ϵôô
Űѷӵϱһ̣Ƽ˷ѹŵ
ճ˵ʺۼȴץӣþǰһ
źȻ÷ϵĺ۷ۣ÷ӷϽ⿪ȴôû취֣еó
ֻýջԼ
Ǹع鵽һ̣ǰһĻҲȻǰ
۾Ȼ
Ϊ˻ͬز
Ϊ˱콣̴
ǰһ̽ץס죬غ
š
һ֫ٺǹǦ
ؽڻԼľѡ

һһغŷ֣̲ס
.
Сʯͷ
֮ŵļ硣
ſѾֹˣỹδֹÿһﶼŨҵĲ⡣
ںŵ֣ȴʲôûһãرŷʧ˻ꡣ
Сʯͷֽ
̧ͷûӦֻʶش˫ɵ۾
󻱺ݺݵץŵļ磬̣ҲһЩţһ㣡
еع૵ѣԣҵһ㡭Ҳţȥ
󻱣ȥΪ㻹Ҫ
ȴĻ˲ᣬ״ε˵ҵȥȷҰѷȻˣȥɱǳأҵȾȷ
ȷ
סѾˡ
ȴŷߣʧ˻ظôôһܾȻģһа취һа취
ʶ񻹲ԸʵһƬ֮УԸѡ
ǣŲŷˣѵ󻱾͸ĿΨһĺѾ
Ӳ˲Ҳܵ
Ĩһᣬ˵ҽѰټȥѰȥɽǾ¶ҽɣҵҽ񣬱ҽȥɽ
ŵͷĿãȻŲĵؽŷ뿪ˡ
.
űŷҽݵʱǾ¶ڴ˯
ˣǾ¶
Ǿ¶뿪ھͿбŵķɫ̾ͱˣôˣˣ
߹һʧȥѪɫ
ŰѷŵϣǾ¶˵ȻæҵԼȥҽѰҩʲôҩãʧ˲ٵѪЩѪĲҩҪ
ϡͿһѣԽԽңüˡ
ʱǾ¶һץסֱۡ
ſüôȥΣҪʲôҩþͺá
һ£˵ˣҩǲǲ̫УҪʲôҩҲȥȡ
Ǿ¶˵ˣˡ
ſִֵ˵ҲҪȻ
Ǿ¶ҾȲûܾȵû
ЦЦ˫̾ͱѪ죺
ôܾȲôܻϵôôɽѩǣãѩɽ죬ʯϿǵʲôôôܻ㱻Ҳܲгأ㱻콣̴Ҳܻ
Ǿ¶ţɳƣˮһһ䶼ݺݻŵĿڣ
˵أ
ǰ˫Ϊһ꣬ɵԼݽߡ
ǰѪ㵱ҩһ룬
ҪģΪܽǣ˭֪ǷӾһû˳ɹðôķգΪȷǰԼǣҪԼĹͷΪ
ţ˵Ϊʲôгأ
˵Ϊʲôֲ콣һ
Ǿ¶źϺϵ죬׻


71 
Ǿ¶˵ţ˵Ȼʵã˵˫޲ɲǶ˵ķӣ˵ɵԼȲҩ˵ԸԼѪͰѪαװɲҩһűһ룬˵ȥ궼󻱽սһ¾ҪܣÿضŪԼˡ
ŴһƬ
Ǿ¶˵ĻԺȴֲظֳǰĳ
ÿ˫֮󣬷ɫƣԼȴǨԼ˵飬ԼȴѪȥĿڡ
Ǿ¶ο϶ȻľԼǡɳڷϱݵҽ顣
ѵһգͬǾ¶ĶԻҲա
ɹʱһһιҩ
ֲͬȷҩ³ݸˤȥ죬ˤʮ룬ÿˤҩָⷢأÿζأư˵Щɵĺݻ
˵ҪΪܽʱţ𳤹ȥ׷ɱ
Ȼ뵽ʲô͵Լ䣬ͷԼĨɫӡǡ
ѾûٷùȻ첲ǵӡǱʧټȴǳǳظֳ
Ϊǰյ˫ޡ
ֲáֲվԼΪĪ˶ս֮ʱǸоԼ
ԭȷʵ
ͨ˫ȡ˷÷ø
뵽˷ϵպ̶ֳۣȵպôͣʱ״̬Ѿ׾ٵʹ˺
ջǿŲԼӽ⿪ǵûӷҪ󣬷˵Щȥ
˵Ϊң˯һݾͻͬ
˵δֵ̫Ǯ
˵ЩҪҲģҾʬĹס
һߡ
ȻԼΪ
˵Ļһ²ŵ۵һţ۵Զһ㱡
һƬ㱺УȴԼԼĳ
꣬߹һʺ磬Щɵġ
վǰһȾİ£Ц䵭룬Ҳ
ƴ׷
룬ˡ
ȴӵ˵ϡ
ˤѪģ
.
ڴϣȴ͸ˣөϷɳҪƮƮشʡ
ſһĻæ߹ȥס壬סЩӫ÷һ˿һȥ
οࣿǾ¶סѾˣɢ춨ǿá
ȴ۵ƫҪǿ
ʯͷɣȥԭıűһѽԭڵĶѨߡ
űŷ߳ҽݵһ̣˹ŵĵӡ
ȺкȻһ
˶ǵʦˣŵڶʮǸѳʦŵħӵܱڻ
޺˻
һӵϡ
ǳҪӹʦ壬ȴá
űŷڲʩ˽ֹǵĹ
ÿһ˶ֻȻһһȺ
õý÷ڣʯͷŵԴ
Щȫָ˳ȥȴ˷ʯͷᡣ
ΪʲôŵĽֲʯͷ
û֪
ȴǷ©ŭģźţһһʯͷŵ塣
ûһǵʦ
ΨţһմҳħҵͷѪ
ȴȻδһԲ·ΨЩһЩ
Ǿ¶ͳͣ˵ɱ˷Ĳţǳء
˴󾪣ȴֲš
Ȼվ˵˻飬Ʋ˳
˳Ĭ
˺
ʦɱʦ𣬿ħͽҲѲ˸ϵ
Ŵۡ
˵е
.
ܿ͵˶ѨǴŷԵʣʯŲҪѪҺԼˡ
ɸһ·Ĺӵûиȥ˵ҪһȥҳأΪʦ𱨳
ڿ˿ڣɫͫĮ޻ʣǲȥȥɱ
ûĻǶΪ𣬻вҲɱ
ûٹǣֻǾ¶߽˶Ѩ
ѨǰһΣȴǰͬ
ǿʯͷԭǻɫģȴΪˣúںģǱһ
ʯͷΪŻĻԱ߹ǰŶµն꽣
㶵ؿǰѽŻһһʯͷ˹ȥ
߽˲ŷ֣ǻѾʮģīþɰװ߲Ǿθ
ǻԱߣʯͷ棬ȴ࣬Ҳּ
ſЩֵһͫ׶ŴˣķøЩ
Ϊ¿̵ÿһ仰Сš
ˣˣ
ˣԲҪЩܻˣڲұ̸Ϊ뵽š
ˣҺŰȥ
ԭΪŻΪǻΪûܣŻֻнҵ˼ˡ
ȥˣûмΪ󻱴ˡ
ڴ򲻹󻱣ҽŵ½Ƕûпѹ
С볤ˣˣʵҲߣΪ͸ҵġ
˵ŵĻ÷ˡ
ҽڴŵϵˣûлңӦ˵ɣûңǲ˵ûôң
ˣҺŰʱһ

Źڵϣһֻֽŷһָֻʯͷϵ֡
ʯͷңԭд˷ֻ˵˼㼵ꡣ
ȫš
꣬ҧ޷ʱ򣬷ȴſ̵ԭһһ£
ˡ
Ҫȥ
ûм
ҽͬˡ
ûлҡ
Ծûлҡ
ԼͬԻ
ǰѱЯźڤʮ쳹׻ȥ
֡
źȻоѪסÿһ羭ĿǱһۣ۵³һѪŷ˹ȥ
.
ʱǸѨȴˡ
ˣҽҲڣСҲ֪ʲôʱŷ˹վڷʬߵᡣ
ҽûΪƣǲס̾
ۣ˻ƣأ
ҽ߹óһľϻӣʱûܸϣ
ʵΪεʱ·Żط
ҽãһħҪ£ǣ˵ԺҪǳ£ΪǲֻܻһΣǰְȥˣԺҲ鲻ˡ
űۣɬ
Ǿ¶Ȼʵ÷Ϊأ
⻰͵ۣ۵׸Щϣ
ҽȴҡͷҪࡣ
ϷĿڣѾˣ޻֮
ࣿ󻱵ͻأʯͷɣû࣡
ȥ
󻱸Ͻ߹ӶˣģʯͷģͬҽԭһֱͬСʯͷһ𡣡
ʱԵС˺Ȼų
վǸߴʯͷϣȻͷʯͷһݴһСʯͷʲô
СʯͷͨΪɫ״ΪΣǶƺŹ⣬ȴ΢ӫĹ⻹Ҫⰵ
վæ˹ȥǸ
Ǻʯͷ䵽ĵһ̣ȻͷһĨ⣬ֺܿ찵ȥ
ȴůůģ硣
ŸоԼҲһǿҵԤӿͷ
ͬʱ뵽ǰӹ˱зųʱ˵Ļ
Ժ˭밮ӣҵԭģҶһùƣ
ʱ˵ǡҵԭġ
ôСʯͷǡ
źʯͷòУǡǷԭģ
źȻ뵽ʲôתͷڷԭϸزѯš
ڣڴʯͷҵּ
ˣ˵ʯͷģ˹顯ģһҸ̸ģġ
û
һֱ׷ľ
ԭһֱΪġָ鰮֮⣬ȴû뵽ԭġȻࡣ
ʯͷˡΪġ
ǡ
ŻܣǷģô
һ·˻ˣϣ˸Ͻ֣֤еʯͷǷģ֤һ˿һܹĿԡ
ҽҲ߹鰵ĺʯͷʼ̽
Ķͷ亹۾ʱ۵ѾһƬ
ȷʵǷġ
źǡǲܻˣ
ҽȴҡҡͷֻһ룬ɫʰƾȲ
ֻһ룿
ͷǿʯͷŷʯͷģʰΣпڴܲһԲˤһ
ҽһҲˣ֪䵽˵ûеʯͷԹ߲ûģûı޷ۻ꣬޻ߣγˣƶϣʱεʱѾ˰ģǰŪˣԲʯͷ˿ࡣܰһܻˡ
ʣһ
ҽţǱҪȥѰ
.
ش֮㣬Ų֪ȥѰҷһࡣ
Ѱģ롣
Щڴ
ֻҪѰͺãֻҪܻͺá
ֻҪܻѰǧΣ
ҵҲǺ˼׼ȥ֪𰸡
֪£һһֻܼһΡ
ֻǼʹ÷Ҫƾһһֱߣ·ϼޱȣϡ
ˣų֮ǰ󻱸÷û취žͻֻǼ
Ǿ¶ЩҩƷϼΪ֮
ҽһĺ˷ףһ·ˣҵǰġ
С˽ҲԼϳһΪޱȵķ𣬵ݸţ˵ڹؼʱ̱ϣܹҵ࣬Ķ˷Ȼ
֮ǰŽ÷Ƴɵıףɱ겻ɢԼ
֮ǰ˷Ϊǰ࣬Ϊҽ˵ָѰһ롣
ŽǰϵţԼĲϣ׹ԼĿڣ·ˡ
һ·


72 
÷Ǻȫʹ÷ġ
ƽУ·Ҫ÷࣬Ҫ÷öҪøȡн;Ҫʹ˲ơ
Ĳʹ÷ҲⲻһЩΣʶķӦ
һԼƾǰߡ
һߣꡣ
꣬תƣ׺ɣ
ŷҵҲղκ˵Ϣ
еһж·˿е֪ġ
˵ˣµλ簲˲١
˵λ̫ӳؼλλͷ˱ңͬſһֻ첲֪ΪΡ
˵ħɱսɱ⣬ǵĻ̡̻Ƕ磬ֵǣȴҲûħ磬ħҲٸħ塣
˵ɽǸ˺üķˣû֪ôġ
в֪ݵĴ
˵ǹԨeħħͷһʦͽһηޣѺ룬ħͷȴء
ħͷŲڵޡ
˵ɱľĴӳأͬŲŻῳĸ첲û׷
ΪԹھףûš
İǱң
˵Ҫģħͷ۸ˣһС
ǲ֪˵Щʱǿеġħͷ߹
ֻϰûУڣ˿ңմȾѪ۵Դһֺ˵ʣһŨصѪǴӵص
ĵ׷ԶЩ
Ųδʲôֻǰˡ
ɱأֻڻиҪȥ
.
䣬Ų߲ݣĲͣһֱߡ
̤࣬Ҳ߹ڣʹҲ
󻱸ķѾưܲ޹á
Ǿ¶ҩһǰѾþֲʣ
ҽĺ˷Ѿ΢
˸Ҫ¶ɭɭ׹ǡ
ȶ˸ͷ·ҡҡλΡ
޽ŵţ˽ȥÿһнǼҪĥѪ⣬Ĺͷ
ɳĮߣͷգǻɳ
ƣȣɿʡ
˻Żա
ɳι˰ɢȥ֮ʱΪһɳ
·ϱͱˮѪȾʪճɳ
ص·Ҫƴؽɳص¡
ŲһһǳǰߣǰѾѣһ̤գڵ
̧ͷǰǰһޱ߼ʡ
ɳããյ㣬Ҳκɫʡ
ƤҲóأҪ˯
Ŵͳؿڵǿź챦ʯɿѵ촽ȥ

³ǰȥ
ԭϵǸѾˣžͻһϵȥ
ÿһÿһ£ͻĥĲĥۣĥƤĥѪѪһ
ȴϲʹУܹظ֪İ໹ڣڡ
ƺޱ޼ʵɳĮҲֻǧҹҹߵ˵ס
ǰޣҲ˺
Ÿˮȴ͸ྻĺԼǱƣģ
ɹúܺڣҲɹƤԭħǣʮ֣ũеߡ
·Ѿÿԭɫʣưڡ
ԼͣƬ̣̤ǸԼϴ˸ɾ
ˮϴ˿ϵѪգҲϵࡣ
ƬɾģĺˮƬ̵İǷӵ
еİܿ˸УЩһƣ޷

ô
ڹУܰ
͵뿪ƬˮʪܵؿѪŲĵسǰˡ
.
Ų֪ʲôģŴδʹ
Ҳûʹ
ҵʱұʱǶѵǢʱҲżżҪʷˣǧǰǸԤԡ
δڣΪǸʱֻҪһ뵽ˣͼ޵ļⷢ
ſԶޱ޼ʵĸɽ֣Լӥ˸ļ˷
һǧѰò㱻ӥʳ
߹ÿһ·Ƿ߹·ÿһǷ
꣬ɷһǧꡣ
Ϊ˸Ϊ˸ˡ
һἵʷˣġ
ˣ񰮵˼꣬Ϊ˰ģΪﻹȥԴףͬһǰķ˼ƽϡ
ֻ۷
۷ȷ˵ȵ࣬۷ҵۣҲ۷ûеȵˡ
룬ˣҲˣһ

ðɣһġ
һֱǷˣữβ͵ͷмͺˣĻȨԼͷ˸衣
ţҲѵóŴЦ
Цֺܿɢȥˡ
ؿǰ˵
ֻҪܻʲôС
.
ֺȻ˴ꡣ
ʯһ䵽ϣҵۡ
ͷվһᣬųصĲǰˡ
㲻𣿡иȻ
ûתͷҲûػǰˡ
ȴĵ׷ɡܵǰµúô㲻Ա߾ܱɽ
ҡҡͷǰˡ
Ϊʲôꣿ׷ʡ
ڿ˿ڡ
óʱû˵ˣ˵ʱɳƵòУǺ˿ŻɳҪ·
ҲϢ𣿡
ݡ
ҲЪϢ𣿡
Ъ
ͣԷ𣿡
ԡ
һ£Ȼ۾Цֲôҵˣʮꡣ
ŽŲȻס˼ؿƺʲô
ȴûټͬŶԻֻǴɡɽˡ
Żæץļ磬ȴûץס
˲첻ȴҲûϡ

һܣһ˻ź
վڶѨתͷţЦЦҲλǡ
Աָָ㻯һˮ飬ʧӰˡ
Żæ˳ָķȥȴһˣֻһ֡
Žŵغ
˰Ρ
ӺȻ˶Ȼһҿǰġ
֣һһֱĳƵġ
æҵذԼǹĺʯͷ׼ø̿ȴԥˡ
һ֪÷ŵŵ
ǡȷǰǴ˵е
һǸأһǸҪƭ̵ǰĵأ
ȴµ˼øңţá
Щ뻳ɱ˴ȴû˼ȥԭأСŷǰƣȻȲֱ⣬˵Լ⣺Ѱġ
ϵӺȻ˸ڰĩ̽ӣǿʯͷ
ǿźʯͷЩ»̡
ӵ࣬ȴЩᡣ
ŷ֣ԭ˵ӵһޡ
ǰĵ䣬Ҳ֪֪
ס֪
ģָ㣬ҵ𰸣һᣬһ֮
̼񣺡һ֮
壬̫ȥ
Żδ˼ͼЩڰŤ±һӣȻŵǬ湴
ҽĺ˷ͽķ

˵գһŻͺȻȼ𣬽˷ͷһͬ
һ̣Żͱһӵϡ
ֻǺСһŻȴȻоԼ˶ˡ
Ƥսζÿһ۵ܣܸоȱŵƤ⣬ȻĹͷ
ǰһƬ𺣣ޱ޼ʵĻɽҰĻ𣬺˶䵽˻
ǡʱǰȴȻƯ˿У˱޵Ĺ⡣
ϵϷɣϷɣҪŵߡ
Ҫ
غţһѽǰĽץ
漴һƬڰ
ʶʧ֮ǰ˵ȥɣףˡ
.
ʱ򣬻۵Ǳѹһ㡣
ʹ֮У־ԼúᣬֻƯ˿С
ѵۣȻ󿴼һȫİ硣
ɵģǸ¹꣬ԶÿһɽÿһƬƶ֣ԭʼδ⵽иĸ
ʱʱƮֵɽħĻϡ
ܾܾܺκ˵
ɳ˵֮⣬
ȴû档
вݴԣɲݴȴû󰡣
գȴûȸ
¹꣬ɺȺȡ
̧ͷһƣȻסˡ
һģ塭
ɢƲʮ̫
ǣǧǰ˾Ÿֻ̫һ
̫Ƶ̫񣬾Ȼһԭվĵط
ûվסˡ
Ϊ˷
ǷΣǷԭǿӴʯͷ
ʯͷÿһۣÿһͷԭһģһȴͬ
ûйŵǷ
ɸɾûʲôĻۣûпּ̻
ģǻҰ׵ģͷЩ̦ԭʼ
ûκֻһͨòͨĴʯͷ
֪Ƿ
ź̧ͷ˿ϵʮֿ̫˿ϲ֪ţĿ˷ԭϡ
һͷԺγɡ
˽ǰ
˷δӵ壬δǣδǶʱ䡣
Ų֣ȥǿʯͷɵʯͷʱŷ֡Լ߱˵ֻ֣һԽɫĳ
סſʼԼ塣
ͷǰһˮ
Ƽһֻˡ

ŶˮеĵӰ˰ΣȻЦס۾ˮȴķ϶
ԭǷ˰


73 
ŵһξ컯Ūˡ
ĿƵǰ֡
Ǹǿʯͷϣдǧġˣ㡱
䣬ҧ޷˵ҹҹ
ļʣķŭķķ̬һδΪʻ˺ģ
ԭǷˡ
ֻһ˲еļޣʣźȫ˻ˮʧֻʣˡ
űۣס˷
¹꣬ʯͷҲŵëʪˣȴƺûвֺʣøЩ
ֺȻ뵽˺ܶࡣ
Լձɹʱ򣬷ѪҩȴΪͬһһؽЩѪˤѵˣڴϣ˫Ϊ
ĳ嶯ɣǱֵ쾡£˯ȥʱ̲סڷľѣɳƵ˵ΪǰǱ
ȻʶԼһõĺӣڲϵǨ
֪еɥŭ
ʱţΪ̫СˣʱŶʮ꣬ٳһˡ
ٶʮʱһϷͻٶȱͬ˵ЩЩվסŵɽԼĻסһһɵúܡ
ź룬СǷ̫ˡ
˼꣬˺£ԷԳߵݿˣΪǨԶƽȵݿڷԶһĺӡ
ŷ
ʱ򼵶ʷҲԵʡ
˱ȷ곤δ͵ʱʶˣ˼¶ķһ֪ķɬçײķǻЯֹǻһɳ
أ־̹ĵĵȴ
αȵù
ʱܻţҪͷͺˣҪͺˣҪȷ˸ͺˡ
ôҲû뵽
Ȼʵˡһַʽ
.
εδˮŵ˼̧ͷһŷַڵطҶڣҶʯһֱˮγµ䣬ڷͷһոһգ긴һ꣬ͷϵ̦˶
ŷȥһƣ̦ˮµĵطѾγһݣ쳤ؾõˮȥⰼݱԽԽء
ˮʯʯͷҲ۵ġ
ߵߣ׼ԱһЩ
Ƿɵ߷ʵ̫ˣȻҲȴ΢΢ޣƴȫҲƲ
ˮǲϵ䣬ҵϣڴ͸Ĺͷ
ֻժЩҶţȻ֮
һ꣬ƶ
еʮ̫ʵ̫ȣŽƵ˶ѨżŴɹɹ̫
ڷϵˮ࣬Ҳֹÿһֻڷϼľӵϣѷʰúܸɾ紵Ҳɹö֮ƬƯʯͷ
Ŭ֮ȻҹһԵؽյ͸ȻЩֻʯͷһͻȫɢȥȴոһգδͣЪ
վڷϣؼ£Ϊؼ˵ĺôͼԷȡص
κηӦҲδϡ
ʱƣǵʼࡣ
·˵վʯͷϵķ˿̫Ȼһֱͬһʯͷ˵
зɵ˴ɾʯͷЪţȴˣǱļǿձѰһ˺ҧ֮ǰöëɼˣҲûǿʯͷ֡
пȥΪʲôҪԼյȫ׸ʯͷԼΪͩǷˣ㱾ϢģΪվǿʯͷϲŲţ
ŴӲ
ۣϵǣڷ˯ҹɫҲģɵһʱ򣬷ͻὥˡ
ܹõġ
һ֮ŸʱѾὫȫɢȥܶٴһЩˡ
֮󣬷ѾԼؼˡ
֮󣬴˴Ѿɵòˣű˿֯һצץţڿУ׼Ƶһʢķˮء
ɷ̫̫ˣֻһֻˣѾ꣬ˣԼҲûʣ¶٣˴ŷܳ
ֻ˰ף๺צӾѾյѪַ˰ףצѾû֪Ҫ䣬Ųòѷ£һʱ䣬ǰɡ
䣬ܱߵ鶼ѾϤֻķˣûΪʲôôֻȰ˵ʯͷߣ˳
ȴҡҡͷĥġ
Ǳûͬķ˵ˡ
˷ɷͣͣҲǻ¡
ѾԭǴط꣬ˣ񿴿·;еķ羰ҲǺõġ
·;нʮ꣬ŲڽƵԭѡõǴ֮ء
Ŀĵ֮ʱѾ۵زУ๺צԼӴѪϵëҲ࣬ɿݰ
ƣشڷ˯ˡ
ҹȴָ˴ѩ
ѩôô󣬺ܿͽʯͷˡ
䣬ԭѩǣҲһɢŴ̹ǵĺ⡣
Ųˣ˱ѩûʣһʶţС䡣
漣ʱ
ʮʲô
ȴҹѩصҹůк˳
ֻһ㡣
ֻš
ֻϵֻˡ
ʱ򣬲ûãȴ綼ѩǣΨһܣѩڣ©µʯͷ
ȻԴԴϵɢů뵽
ȥʮŶʯͷ
ѩô
е鶼Ϻ޾ɵƬװع硣
ԱߵĿ󣬶ʯͷϣԱеѱ¹ȫǵھӡֻ˵ķˣȻɵǺǵЦһظµǿʯͷЦЦűһ


74 
ΪɢɢһҹŸûãֹͣһΪ
ʮ꣬һɢЩ˷ɢ֮ʯͷɫһ㣬ҲһЩһ
ȴϲֱ仯Ϊ÷ˡ
ô룬Ϊǻġ
Žһֻѹڷϣ˵лл㡣
ûʲôӦȴɺܿġ
תԼڵĺɢˡ
̫֮ǰó򽫷ϵĻѩһɨȥ
ˣ̫ʱ򣬵ɽʯͷϵѩʼڻδʪˮʱѾůŷɹյ̫ˡ
.
ֹʮ꣬ؼѾȵòС
Ȼʮ̫ƽﶼųֵģֻżƤʱŻһ֣Ҳָܿ
ڿ˶ʮˡ
ԱߵһϻѾɹð̡
ιֻˣŪˮɡ
˵ĵһ仰ڹȣɳƴЩϤ
űûΪֵģһ뵽ϻԺøïʢṩˬͷɵϣô«һЩˮ˻
ҲȵòУϹ̵ڱգŶûЪš
Ҳ̽ԵظЩˮ£Щˮȥͻᷢܿ
˿°ѷ˿׼Ƶط
ҪȥĶҪ𣿡ʡ
ҡͷ̫ˣҪȥˮ
Ƭ̣ЩɹݻƵҶԭ˵ûֻӹȻ⡣
÷ԹԵشŷŵһˮ̶
һϿȣطҪܶ࣬ˮҲ˿˿ģ׵Եø
ϲ
ǰʱ̫ˣҲء
̫ɹЩϣǰ⻬
ƽҲ֮ˣǿԵذ͸ǿסܹ²ߡ
ŰƵˮŽֿʼһ˿һƵ
⴦ˬﳤõشϼ꣬ȴԽԽˡ
ÿʱ֣̫ͻϿȵϷ̶еˮԽԽ٣ԽԽ̡
ǷˣȣɷͲһˡ
ۼ̶㶼һһҲԱþɥʼܾ
̧ͷд۵ʮ̫Ҳʼżˡ
˵Ҳൽ˺̫ʱôж
׼ȥ
ͬ˱ȥѰҺࡣ
˺þãɽѰ˺ࡣ
ѰʱѾϺɫĹͰɫļ׼ˡ
̫̫ߣÿɽһһߵɽ̫
űԼ壬ɵ˱ȸɽҪߵĵطеľŸ̫
̫̫ȣǷˣҲЩܲˣÿһëȵս˺üƤⶼյطۡ
ŵл˵һֻ˾ȻΪ²ǣѵá
ҡҡͷ뿪ˡ
Ͳ²֪һὫ̫䣬ֻһǰһ㣬ʯͷЩˡ
ŲûЪϢ̫ãҹݵط˻ȥ
̫ãѾ뿪¡
Ǵûзֱôù
.
ŻصǴϿȣʱȴҪˡ
¹£ʯͷԭվţȴһֻİķˡ
Ƿſʯͷϣʯͷ
ֻ˶ѹŭɵԱߣʵʲô
ɤӱ̫ջһЩЩԵôϺˣֻİķ˶ŵһ
ǷۣƼţ˿ҲǷ˰һΪǡ
ʲôŴĻӲơ
ǷҲ˲Ծվӣûʲôʯͷȶ֣ҾվЪ˸ţͿʼŸ˾춼ûϹֱɵӣҪҪҲԣ

ֻ˿ͬ岻ǸƲ磬̾ͱ׼뿪
һ£ŵ
Ƿ˱ûŵ̫ˣ̾ƴ
ԥһ£ǹԹ԰˻ȥؼβ뿪ˡ
ֻߺվڷϣɫЩôôҶϲռ˱ˣ
ʯͷˡ
ͬʱ¹Щ¶ʪܵġǿˡ
ס
ܿͲԼ̫ˣ˵ĻҲ̫֡
æǸԲҲ˵㣬ҵĴ̫㺦˶ԲԣԲŻֻϳңƴ
ʯͷϵĺ¶Ѿֹסˣֽ˲˪ǺίƵġ
ѾûбˣԭһֱǸɸɾģ˿˻ҳҶСʯӡ
ţһСʯӺȻͱӵϡ
ȻӳڶСʯӣСʯӣĸСʯӡ
ˡ
Ƿİǰһ֮飬־ϲֻۣᱧסϲ˲䣬һһ˵Բ
Բ뿪ôã㺦ˡ
Բ֪̫ŲŰѱϳҡ
Բ֪뿪ֺƵĸֻ
Բһ̫ˡ
֪ˡ
̫ˣ˵ɳƣȴֵغŰˡ
ǲ˪ȥҲɢȥˣůǲٿһƬҶӵϡ
ȴҲûʯͷˡ
ˡ
ǳǳЦˣ۾ӵס


75 
˾Ÿ̫Ҳ𽥻ָ
̶еˮ𽥶ϷŴӷԻ
ֻһˬ⴦ϿȾԵûôˡ
ˮʴ壬ʪҲ̦ġ
Ҫȥ𣿡ʵ
ͷһƬҶһ£һ졣
ǵͷ˼
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Ц½Ƶԭλáǿϻ¡
عﶼɢҲһЩҶǰʱʮ̫ڵùǺϻϵ󾫣Ա߻˵ֻߴߴҽл棬ȫһɤӡ
էһȫѼӳɵľ
òС
ŲûмǵۣĬĬ˸ӣѷȵطŽȥȻԼģΪëˢӣϵ̦ۼ
ιɵ񣡡ïʢϻ˿ڣʯͷǸôɾ㲻Ҳǰʱϰ˼ңó
Ųû
ˣҲҸɻҲӣҸ˷˷ˣɵˣ
ó
ü
ľٶһ١
ǲҲó
һͷҶͷ
𣿡
ͷҶҡͷ
Ȼûҵĵز
ŰοƵúǲ
ƮƮشһͷҶؼˡ
.
ˣϻҶصˡ
һʹսƵֽʣ޼Ҷµ伸Ƭֿͺͦġ
ΪϵĻѩϻҲӣԼԼ
ĻѩôҲŪɾ
һ߸ʯͷɨѩһʯͷķˣеƽˡ
˵ˣ˵ʯͷôʲôôʯͷǸ
Ųϲ˵
޹ء
ϻ٣㲻ǰɣҸ㣬֮ûʯͷܻɣ˵һϰǧˣ㻤һ꣬ҲһˣˣҲˡɣɨɨѩұ˻ܱ㡣
ֻȷʵڷ֮ǰ
Ļһŵġ
ȻǸɿݻ֦ͷ˵ĴĻѩҪɨ
û뵽˻ôת̬ȣϲ̵˵ѹҸ첲ˡ
վڻѩԱߣſһ¾
ѩˣϻǸҲˡ
һȥ˻һ۵ߴˣֻˣҵţҳһŪ㣡Ū㣬ҾͲ󻱣
Žס
࡭ʲô
Ťͷһ˲䣬ȻϻκϤе¡
еڽر侲࡭󻱣
զأӸԼȡֲ𣿣
ţ

ϻջ˵ʱɳƵģ֮ҲûүүϿ£һ
ϻүүһģһ
ʱҲպöԵϣҶǻ
צӺȻ˻֦ϵ
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ž˰ΣȻɹȥվ˺ں֦ԡ
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ĬĬؿʼˡ
˻ͨĻͬµӡǷ˱ʹͬˡ
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ſʼԹΪѩϵС棬ϵ࣬εܱߵӲݡ
ʰ죬ŰŪɾ
Ҳ
.
Ƿȴˡ
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ŷ״̬Եʱ򣬷ѾȱҪˡ
ϷʱһΪǲˡһʯͷĻ
ƼͷûҶˣʰ˿󻱵ҶӷϣԴķʽԼԭ
ɷ󻱵ҶӣһӾͽҶӴûӰˡ
һĪչ
Щë˴壬ʲôʱŻ˵ѽ
ʯͷ˵ܸɣӸߴһӸµζˣͱˣʯͷһʲôģ˵ҸоϾҪˣʱ߰ɣ㵱ҵҵ裬Ҷĺģ
Żûü˵ͼԱߵСʯӺȻ
ţЩСʯһһ˹ȥ
ЩʯͷһС磬һûȭͷ󡣶ϻӴ࣬ؾߣСʯͷϲʹġ
󻱵һ ʯͷȤ̲סŪʯͷأô㺦·˸߰ҲסԲԣа㣬ӵʯͷƵģбӸġ
Ȼֹ
ڿʼֵҡ
Ϊǿһ˸ߵӴʯͷȻƴȫײ˹
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ſˡ
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.
ΪʯͷԿԼ˵ʯͷڵ˼ûз죬ŴҲûֹ˿̱һŭĹʯڶγײȥ
ֻȶųȥס
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תͷǸӹһٵϻŷ֡ԭǿüΪߴ󣬼յĵϻȻһ˲֮ʧӰˡ
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û뵽һѧԼΪ˴ܵһ
Ҳôû뵽
Ӣ䡱үү״αˡ
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Ƿһʯͷûû۵ģȴӲؿһ죬ɷ
󻱿£Լײ÷۵Сȣŵ˵꣡
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ܸܵʯͷʼˣŭδҲֵţĶŵϵĻҳƯ˿С
ŷϵһЩҳʵˣǺˣ
ͣһ˲ּܿ
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ͷȻڣǻˣȥĶҶߣҲκߡ
̾һõ͵ģ¹⵴ˮϣ
Զ㡣
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¶͵һЩΧĻҳʯӣδһء
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һĺУֻɵģĴҹʯͷȻɵϣȻ͵سЩ
ЩʼĴӴܣôҲѲ˽ˡ
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飡
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ÿһʯͷҹࡣ
˭Ҳû뵽ʯͷɱˡ
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Ŵ̧ͷʱʯͷΡΡس
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ʯͷͣԭأһɫ⻺塣
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С
ģŨҵίۡ
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Ϊˡ


77 
ˣ㣬Ѫˡ
ʯͷ˵ˡ
ͷһģһ
ϸȴЩͬ
ʯͷѧ˵Щ̫ҧֺ
ķδչֳģ
Ժиֳ˷˿Ӧе̬
˵Щʱ򣬻˫۾涢ȫֻ
ţźȻЩ޴ˡ
ˡֺ㣬۵ã˵𣿡
Żع
á˵꣬ӷʯͷѳ
ȶһ³ĵʹʹ׹ȥ
ָϽסˣ㲻Ҫˡ
ʯͷʵ֪ôûѧΪƵķ
ƾ豾ܽŷˣȻһһΪ
ɫʱ򣬷Ѿָòˣʯͷûз֡
ʯͷȻʣˣǣӵ𣿡
ҡҡͷǡ
ʯͷͬӵأ
ŵǶ˵ʱ򡣡
ʯͷˣֺûס
̾һžٸ߷ŵԼͷ
˵ˣϽˣӵ㡣
ţôһġ
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ΪʲôǺң
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.
Щ֮󣬾û˭ٻͷ˵صˣҲҵļƻҸȥ
ǷΪԽԽÿҪɵҲԽԽࡣ
֮󣬴˴Ѿˡ̤Ѱ·;
ֻ·˴Ļͻῴĳ
һֻķƵطɣһֻӴĹƤʯͷڵ̵ع
ͣͣ羰Ứˮ
ֻʯͷʶɲʲôܻ𰸡
ߵúͣЪϢڸ·档
ҵһ鱦صʱѾʮ
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ʯͷʷ⣬ѯΪʲôɻϷɣΪʲôˮΣǻһЩ顣
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ѵóĬ˰βŽ͵Ϊá
ʷˣΪʲôǶŮҧ͵ʱԱиɶ㵽濴˰ſܿˡ
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ʯͷ̫ףʵȴǺѵжѣ
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Ϊ̹һῪٵأÿʮһΣֻҪȣܵȵġ
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ʷʲôǰ飿ʲôԶʲôǱˣʲô˼
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ϣһ۾;Լֱˣǿ֮ĩ
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Ϊй¶һεֹĺͣ͸¶δ֡
˻
ʯͷֺˣˣ
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ʯͷܸܵԼŻԽԽСԽԽСֱֻʣһڻңԼδվĹǺ
ʲôʱ
һЩ𣿶
ǴȥѰҺ໹Ҫ
ʯͷ֪
кȻǰѩʯͷ˵ʬǸѩŪ»
ʯͷȰȰ
ȵڣȵȵѩͣȵѩ
ȵȥˣˣһˡ
һ꣬꣬꣬ʮ꣬ꡣ
ûȵ˻
ѾҪŷ˵ʬˡ
Ϊ˵ʬѾӡϣÿѻÿëÿͷǶѩҲˡ
ֹصȴУȻͷĶԻ
Է˵ǻԶһԶ롣
˵ʱûи
ˣһأ
뷨ðʱʯͷȻоԼۺۡ
ŵʱۡ
ڵϹȥĥԼʱۡ
ϳЩѵ涼ҳһӵʱҲۡ
ڣȴԼۣǱͱˣˣ˴ȥˤ÷ǡ
ʯͷ롣
ԭǱˡ


78 
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ΪڻһۣͻصǸЩңԶǧ󣬻صǰصԼ
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һǻʱĹ»ꡣ
ȥĲǷİġ
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ŵһͣʱգڷĵʮꡣ
СʯͷûΪ˾ͱɢһֱŬС
ԭһ˵ʯͷڱһʯͷ
ŷ˵ʬǣͬ˵յƣյ꣬Լһ
˵ˣڽ괺ΪһĿúܺÿ
ŵڶͣʱգڷĵ߰ꡣ
СʯͷΣ˼ģ
òЩɬʮ߰꣬üĿ续ÿúܣŶЩŲۡ
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˵ˣ˻ΣԭֱӻΣҲҪΪҾͲǿˡ
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꣬ûԼȡ֡
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źͣ˺öΣ˲ͬʱεķ
Ϊ𳤵ٴ˲ûϳ˴ˣǴûڵء
ǷӮˡ
𳤵Щ⣬ȴûʲôı飬˵ֻҡ
ѪǲǼ
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ĬΣˡ
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Ƿֺ
ſ󻱵Ĺϵã𽥱óǿ
ջʱ̫Լı飬ľګֿɰҲѧЦЦúȻ
˵ĴԽԽ٣ԭĶԷ˿̵ȴԽԽࡣ
Ҳڷĵ֪
̤˳ǧ·;
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ܿĺܿģƣ˯ȥҲĵչ¶Цա
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.
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ɿŷ˫ɾȴȻ侲
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ű۾˻ƣʧˡ

Ȼ޴롣
ˡ
ˡ
̹׸ոֻ뿪Цü
Ͼﶼôдİ
ԭеŵ
̾ͳɹˡ


79 
ô˵Ƭ̣׷Χ
󻱣۾ִԲһ治ѵģ̲ס֣ڷǰ˻Ρ
ҽһѴ֣ʧˣֲɵˣ
˵գóĴóֳϸĽ˵ȹȥɣοֻʧǵһμ֪κòܡ
Ȼ˵ǫ飬˷ܣһԾԾԣȲģ
ҽǸܴ۶Ľ룬Ȼˡ
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תͷҽЩΰɣЩ¡
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ɤд̣۵Щ졣
һ޼ÿĺ£·ȴԵɫԽ԰
ɼˣʱԾŬЦŵġ
ЦἫ˺ÿˣҲᣬڶԴһֻױߵѡ

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Ҳϰ
ڻ˵ǸЦ̹ףǾǿƭˡ
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ˣôֻǿ˸˴ŵЦˣҶһӦû˻׷򡭡ɣ
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ʱ콣еʱԼˣôֻأϺȻһرҲر
װɣ꣬Ȼ
ڷһ׼̹׵ʱ˵ˡ
קһҽӣ˵߰ɣջʧ䣬Ҳʶǣƻ˶̫ҡСʯͷأѰ÷ڶˣҪߣȻϢϢ죬˵˵飬ǹ
ꣿ
󻱵Ļץص㡣
ѾŻŽ
̧ͷһƣȻźÿüĿ俴ƣ롣
˲֪ںηֻ֪ߣȴ˼ǧ궼ûҵ
֪ѰߣųԽ죬Խҵ̬ԽУԽҵ·;ԽۣԽҵ
ʱһǧ꣬أֻ˷һʱ䡣
ôһ·˶ٿ࣬˶ۣ
ԼȴͬôЦ

βѡ
ԽԼǸ
ſŷʹͷ­ıΪڵʧ顣
üģ£һָġ
ᡣ
һ߼ǴԼһ̲ס˵ͷţҲŬָġ
㲻Ŭȴ˵Ŭһͺãֻ˳Ȼصš
ĶҪˡ
Ŵûôһӳ˺ö̲࣬סҪˮ۾
ͺ񡭡һ
ʶ뷨֮󣬷Ȼʹ˸飬Ͻ뷨˳ȥ
ôôأ
ôȲطˣҲš
ôˣ֪˻ġ
źȻôΪʧ𣿷롣
Ȼʧ졣
Ǿ͡ʮٻָɡ
Լһޡ
ȿȣ̰ͼŵᣬҲûԴҵָ𣬶Ϊأ˳Ȼػָ䡱һ˺κ˵ķ
ţ
ҽ񡣡źȻڣҸոոʱǸˣܰ·Żط𣿡
ҽ̽̽Ȼ˵ɷǿҲ㼯ǰҪҿٴ°ǡ
԰Ҫ
ĬĬͷ
ɷŻܱøãصԽ۷״̬˵
ҽ̾һţǸǱǷΪıҪҲްҾûȽϺá
ü"ҲҪʲôֻϣܹǿƽֻϣ׵رһ콣ɱֻϣҲ뿪ҡ
ҽ죬ȴ֪ô
ʱȻ˿ڡ
˳ŵ䣬Сʵʲôͷ𣿡
űºһ㣬֮ͻᡭ
ҲҪˣۡü
Ȱһǣͻúǿ󣬲ΣգҲˡ
գգ۾һֺʵ㲻ҵİΣѵܱ𣿡
һ£ֻæȻܣǡ
Ǿ͹ˡסʹ˸ǷҲúҺ˯ˣﰲʲôǡ
û취ֻʱǵͷáãʹȥϢ
һ
װɵӻͦá
״̬£治֪ô˵š
󣬾ûװȥ
ǱΪűŵġ
һħǣܹǲġ
ɾŷ׼뿪ʱȴǾ¶סˡ
γħҹŵʦȥ
ţȻǴħ
ƾʲôޱ飬ûаõģħ²ˣʦĻһǧǰͲˣûκݿҹɽҹɽˡ
ʱ
ѽ󻱹ԲС㲻ҪԽþñطģǾͲҪ
Ǿ¶ЦһؿڣǲûһأʧˣûϲŰɡ˵ʱǳΪ٣˵žûһҪǡ
˵һͣԱһãȻķǺ˺˰Ѻ仰ȥֻݺݵضŵ㲻ܴߣ
Ǿ¶ĻųĬ
ۣɫ֪
ٴαþš
ʱپؿ˿ڣǸ˵һɣȥģҲȻʦȽϺðɡ
˵۵ϡ

ǺŻħţǲúԼţǸšǰߣ˶Ǿ⡣
Ȼȷʵǡ⡱
پߵǰŵӳһ·ӣʵذִг˳Ȼ˵
ʦľȻǹɽʮӵܣǧӵܶڿȴ˵ȥǶԹԵģϾɽļҡȻħ˺ҲֻǶݵһޣҪߣҲȻɽļңȻħûʲôÿģʱҲھ͹ȥ˵̼ܵĽҪȥ˵ʲôأֻҪˣɽԶļҡ

ԭôûԲۣ۵ĵСپûôһأ
Ҫ˵Ҫȥħֱǵʧķ衣
ЭۣҿǲˣɽǷļңʧ䣬ϤĻ£ڼĻָҲ뿪
پһ
еСʧ䡣
Ǿħ뿪ɡ
ǡ̧ͷĿҲҪס
磺˵Ȳסҹɽ
˹ؿڣ˭˵˵ˣҷǹŵӵܡ
üѳʦš
ţʦ²˹ŵŹ棿ڹţӵܽԲ˳ʦţֻܱʦʦţбʦߣܶʮ϶ޡ
һ£ʱٲ£ſڳ˵Ҫ˳ʦţʦûȥҲûǶʮ˸϶ޣҵʱǲġ
üëšһ
عصģȻ֪иɻ
ֻǡ߯ҪЩ
Цپ񣺡ʦΪҰŸס
پҧһ촽Щ˵ûסĵطˣеʦϢŸ˹еķ䶼ˣ
ţͬ˼ҲǿԵġ
£پ˵ÿ䶼Ѿ˰˸ˣ
ʱȻָ˴ŵĸ첲ǸҪҪҼѽ
پס۾ִԲֲţίʦ𡪡
̧ͷ죬ͷأپõʱ򣬲Եգգ۾дšû취ھرױƭ
ٴǣָ֣ģЦȥϢ
ϡ
˵۾


80 
Ŵ˲Ƶ˶
һһζͼһģһͿȻȥꡣ
ָӹʱȵĺڡ滹װ²衣
Լһ裬ͬǰĿζҲһģһġ
꣬ĵȴɨķ䣬ʱȼ²裬ʱʱ̶̿ڵ
طס꣬Щʲô𣿡ʵ
²룬ҡҡͷûУֻЩϤˡ
أʵ㿴ҾϤ𣿡
ͷϤġ
һ£ƽƽ棬ﲻԼŵĶϲֵոճֵУһ㣬ϲ㡣
űЦˡ
ЦúǺÿüƣ붼ɢˣһǧǰɬʵ˼ֳ죬ǰ粻ħ˼ᡣ
ɵÿˣؾ͸ߵ˴̱ߣҲ޳ָԼ
ֱɢ䣬ŷӦ
ɫȻͺЩæסԼ·
ιڿǴ죡
ǸŵˣҲһϵЦݵһЩҪϢҲΪ½
Ϣ
ţ㲻˵Ҫ˯𣿡


Ϊ
ֺԼۻ˼롣
.
ɵϸޱʱȴվӣ׼뿪
㲻һ˯𣿡һ£ʵҪ˯𣿡
ȴҡҡͷһһҪ
ʣʲô飿
ŵȥ죬ɱһˡ
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ŵͷѸұȥΪ㱨ˡ
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ͣһ£Щɬʱûס㣬ס㣬ҵȴΪ˱ҵĻҵűʧɱôңңͬ˯һŴ

᲻˵
Сôôɵأ
ÿʧװģҪʧˣԼСϳȥˡ
һӴ¶ʥֿݵ΢Ц㣬Ҳ㡣
ţΪʲô
룬Ȼ˵Ϊ㻹ȻңҲϲ㡣
Ҽĵһ۱˲ͬϲ̲ס׽㣬Ҳ˺ңֻžȻң֪ǰҵģҲϲ㣬ʲôֻѡ
źüζһ£˷һЩ
ûп̫ࡣ
ͣһ˵̫׼ǵ˵ЩԶľ롣
Ƿսһ¡
ȻţգգۣǸ޹ģԲŵֻ˵ԭǰˣǿܻ뵽Щʲô
뵽ʲô𣿡
ҡͷûС
Ǳǻ
Žϣȥ
õ˼Ĵ̣ñطϲãһжЩˡ
ûƺСĽ³Ƶһ̣ǡһ΢紵ߵķ崵졣
ʶţеӾ˴ܿһһơ
ʱˣŵСȣȾһƿǻţ
űʩ˴Ȼ׷ǣĲգȻ΢΢Ϣ

ĬĬŵĻ̽ͷûû𣿡
ģҲʲôġ
Ϊʲô
ŽͷϷĶͷЦ˯꣬˯ɵôͬ˫޻鶼ǣ

һ죬
ȻͷŻֱ׳˵ʧˣЩ
űȻðգȴմȾֵƵЦ⣺
Ǹװʧ䡣


81 
˶ˡ
һӾͽӲ
žԼﱧŵһʯͷ
Ȼȷʵʯͷû
ĬĬŵĻ˳ȥûеϴֻǳصؿţ۶ǺڣԲ𡣡
Ȼʣôֵģ
ء̾Ҳǵ˵ĵӡ
һ⣬ž׾ٵطַԣ飬ǣûаʧȥİС
ͬʯͷģķദôãڱɿľͷҲʱ
ͷƺں֡
ˣǰѡ
Ϊʲôʱƭš
˹ȥȻ̧ͷʵϻأʲôʱϳǸħҵġ
ԼԼʱ򡣡˵
⣺ʲô𣿡
ū޹Ҫġſ۷ң̫ˣԼʵ벻˭ô㡣
ˡ
ȴԾЦŵģƲ
̲סڣţ㲻ҿô֪صЦôһ
Щġ
ָϷ촽
Ҹոպ㡣Ƥ
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ָӷĴǻ죬˳ӵ΢˿ڣŵָ̽˽ȥһƬȵĴ࣬һŵָűĶˣ֣ȥ
ǽһܳǣʱ򣬷΢죬ᴭ
ŽЩǵŷķ˺ôһǶʵΪʲôҪװʧ䣿
ʶװʧʱôһ˲伸ҪΪǱ͸ģͬޡ
ֲ
Լͬ˯һŴ˵Ҳ
ԥһ£˵ҼﶼôдģȤңҸʱҲ֪Ϊ˸ôֻ࣬ǵ֮ǰ˵ЩˣЩϷŪһ㡣
˵˵ţ˵ȥˣ̧ͷһŵ°ͣС˵ԲԺ󲻻ôˡ
ȴ˵Ҳá
ѾԭţҲΪ˵Щͬ˾Ų֪ԭ֪ŵʱΪʲôô
ʵ㵱ʱΪʲôô˵أ
һ£ƺЩݣǿˣ㵱ʱ˵ֻͽ㹴Ҳ޷Լݣ㻹˵Ұҵ
ס˵ȥ
Բ𡣡ŵŷĶͷһһǸ˴£ҵʱɱǣһͷſڲԵ˵Щ˺㡣
ʣЩԣʲô
Żԭ˵ԼС˽ĶԻ
˵㵱ʱ˵˿ҪˣļңΪͬһãͬһ𣬶ΪǸ˻ҷŭֻֿţŭ԰ҵɵʯԱȲֻˣֻŷ˻ͻҶȥ
һʵڷˣһЩҪͬ˵
ֵʱ򣬷о;ˡ
Լ֮ǰ飬Ƿأ
ͷ֮ĸʲô
Ȼе㲻ԼԷ˵ĸˡ
֪ΪʲôҲ֪ںʲô
ȴ֪ʲôŷġ
Ժǧͷֻһű˺ֻҪһô˵
ӺȻģϲţκ˶ϲ
᲻÷ˡ
˻ûҲûѡһɷȴԼѾŷŵϣô·һ
Ƿ̾ͻˣϽŵĻ˵ңˣʲôԺ˵ɡ
٣Լ˼
壬Է˵ǺС
žһȻ׷Ķͷ˵á
ر۾ûһ˯ȥˡ
.
ڶʱŲڡ
Īһ
ƿţվǰ
£
ʦˣҪԱףǷҪϯ
˵ʦոػּδ飬ˣҲǿԻʦǽ͡
ʣʲôʱ򣿡

ȻǻӭҵʽȻҪϯһ£˵ʧ飬شѼһӦòձָܻˣ˵ǡ
ǡ񣬱ת뿪ˡ
ߣžͳڷдЩϷʣŶԭձָܻˣ

ţװʧ飬òã졣
ü֪ʣΪΣ
ĬĬͷС˵Ϊܶ˰һԵҺܲƵģΪϲ𡣡
һ·ıǼ⣬ȻȾЦȻЩζҲ֪˰ƭ˵ʱôûˣ
ðͷøˡ
ԱӾŲԭһ˲ֺܿ˽ܿˡ
ŵ֣װһɵģصûûСģ㿴Ķ֪ĻΪʦأ
źװģЦе񣺡ǣʦǵˡ
ӣתǰߡ
Сţ꣬ôһӳôࣿǰСӵģˡҸոЦӣ˷ˡ
Ƿ˻ˣ¾⸱ģɡ
ţͦģҲ
Ȼʱֻܿһë׵ķɷǾã̬ӦҲġ
Ųٿһ٣ɫ
һɲǣϷȫ
ЩҵŰľСЩҰˣȻҷֲҰǰǾһӳĴԡ
ôˣŵǵ
ãȻؿźÿüۣȴԽֻ꣬˵ڣֲ˴ˡ
ûûʲô
ĬĬҡͷȴʹ࣬ΣɬһӿҪû
ǡСŵ˵˰ɣ
źͷܺгദ
ôѵӵұȫҪ֮𣿣

㻹ôô


82 
ˡ
ˡ
ֱپһѾġ
ڷĹŵĵ¼ʵڷ
Ȼòԡ
ֻܿŵķʦ𾲾ǰᡣ
Ⱦľۣ޳ָⲻʱҳָӹصϣᴹͷûκα飬ԴһĮңԶ׽ʡ
һԵپСأݵض˵ʦʦ𣬼ʹɥʧ˼Ҳ侲з緶
Ժءšһ

ĬĬֱӡ
ءȻ֡
پ۾æʦǼ𣿡
ףһЩ
پñ㿪ʼ߷߲ƽͬ𳤰
ɫЩ㱡
ĴӣԸ֪룬ǳڻиǻĵܵܣôԼʲô飬űܷĽ
ûڵĵܵܣǲڵġ
ؼ̳֮λ飬Ҳ⡣
֮ӣּΪ㣬ǧǰ۾Ͷд뷨ضܾˣΪ˵̳еλŵӵܡ
پ˵˵žȦ죺ؼ̳еλ죬ǱȥɱΪʦ𱨳𣬿ɵ̫ˣһ첲ͱ콫Χס˳
ѾĺܺˡοȻˣô֮±ȥ˽ᣬһ໰ͬ˵
ȴ˿ڣʦ𣬵ڳظԴʦ֮󣬳ؾͲ֪٣ǸǸܡ
پ̵ʦɱˣų򣡡
Щȣ㻹ھ찲ߣ
һֱΪһЩ̰ˣô˼
Ĭһӡ
Ϳף
һǧǰͿ֮˱ӣպñˡ
ҽߣ粻ԸҲǵԼˣﲻڼ仹˺ôһͨ
ʱǷæ͵ġ
ҽЭˣԼȥѰҩģͿš
˵ͷЩֳһƻǣڳϣԴ̽鳤Ϣ
Ϳôܻ𣿡
лʦġѻָˣҲżܻˣά̫á
˵꣬ӾͶһ¡
ԭ𣿡
ͷԥһ£˵ʦҪ𣿡
ô˵ģȴҲûһ÷ӡ
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ԭؾһ˲ȻƲֵ˵˺ܲԸĻʦ𿴿ɣҲ˼
˵߽꣬һƿԼ䣬¶ֻףֺСӡ
СӺ۾ӣȻ˷ϡ
ܾнûֻӣߺСһλϡ
ͬӽֵֹģǾͿ׽ǷֳһлȻ˵ԺԲˣֳһƻǣЩ˺ģڻָܻøˡ
ӹԹԵص˵ͷ
Ц֣׼ͷ
ָУͼŴ˽۾ֱضֺµСӡ
Ī飬ٵջ֣ӡ
ͬʱСҲźǿӲ
.
پߺŸϲ裬ʣͿף
ͷֺᣬϽ͵ΪһЩ飬лûʲô
ɫû䣬ֻǾ˷˲ŷ۾˵֪ûᣬֻϲҡ

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Һϲˡ
ô죿
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Ŷһ£ҲʣΪʲôһֱҵ۾
۾һֻۣæƲߣûˣһе飬ȳȥһˡ
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վͱץס󣬡ôˣе֡
Խˣſߣֻ÷ɿһ£룬֪ϲġ
ֻǲһֻϲ㡣
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ȻҴ뿪ˡ
.
ȥݿ˺ü飬ûԼ˼ɾ뿪ʱȴͷӵĶԻ
ҽշֶʦӹĹҵģù֡
ܳʱ䶼û˰ɣʦһǧǰ˸ӣأţ粻ϡ¶ˣ˵ϵ׼ʲôĿ
˼ѧ˸Ϸ׼
ȻͱǵĶԻ
԰Ϳǧ꣬Ӵżữˡ
ҲԼǧ꣬ͨʯͷˡ
ӵʱҲۿŹģտʼΪܲιӳҩ
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͸Сŷ죬̫ǽվţϿͿ糺ӣĸ첲米ţö䴹һһģʵؿޡ
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ܣ
룬ͷ֮УԲģ
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.
Ϳ״̫ˣֱ翪ʼ㶵ġ
ģʲôأ
ûûʲô
ŵĿ˵ϷӸıģǲϲϷӣ
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ĿȷʵϷӸıûǷϲİϷӣǼﳤ̵Ϸӡ
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ŵҿҶʮꡭ
оȻеһ˾񣬰ֱͦȫ
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ֱϱǰӱͷʹֹĽֶûֹһЦ⡣
ôϲЦӷģϷкö࣬»شȥòã
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ţãǹȥ˵
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űȻú֡
ѹȥͷһ飬˳ŵӣڰ˵ʱԺһ˲ģ
ţ
ĬĬס°̧ͣޱ˵
е


83 
סˣӦžЦ̾˿˵ҾǷˡ
üŵĪ˵ʲô
ʷʲôԶģ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôȻǻش˵ûԶ顣
ȴԭ˵ǻԶһԶ롣
סˡ
̧ͷţȴֻҵĻشǡԶ㡣
ԭأỺʱԽǰ
ǰķˣһһӦֺ
ڷ˸͹Զ֮ǰһԶ
ܿԼʱΪ˻ε뿪ʱ
ƲסŭֻţҪȥײǸ󻱵ʱ򣬷˱οģ
Ҳκߡ
Զ㡣
ǵģûԶһҲûԶ롣
ȴԶ
ˣҲ˷ϡ
˵Ĺǣ˵𣬷ȼնɵĻңÿһڷ
ڻʱֿ˿ڣʵʱɺԭϱ˿ġΪҶģҽ˵ǿֻһ룬һ㻯֮ǰˣȥΪȥѰġýëұһֻ˵ģİĵ˹ȥ
ͣһ£ģ˵ȥ˽ǰʱ㻹ǿûʶʯͷɽ£Ϊ˿ƳƵḻĵط˺ôѩҲˣȴΪβһΡ
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͵Ϊ㣬ҲģǱˣҿ϶
һ£ǿģ
𣿡ô棬ԽŹ˹ģϷ֮⣬ô֪ǲںƭңŶˣ˵ѷ˵ĻҲƭҵİɣ룬ǲֻ̤ҪǸҲҪԲô˵Գҷ½ģͬ˺һ𣿡
ؽ񶼿ʼĴƮ
ϵЦݽһ£أؿڣİɣ

ȻһĳĬ
Ҳˡ
ͲǺֵܷǲѷ˵֪˾ţԷֱˡ
Ҳ֮ǰôҴҵذѷ˻ӪΪͿȫ
λԽԼո˼
ôͶͲ壬ɴƹˤֱ׳˵Ҷϲһʲô
Ҳ̾˿ϵ˵ðɣ˭Ұһıֳˡ
ְüšľԼܹһ
Цüģ˵ˣˣһ⡣
һ£ɹǳЦ⣺ʵȥ·ϣ룬ܸ˲ˣһ
̧ͷǲš
ŵϷĶͷЦʱ۾ǵӳǺӣԣ֪˾ңҸ˶ôƽЩеûģ
ȦЩˣ֪ѾҪĽˣǿС˵ʱв飬ҿ֪ܲϲˣҰš
Ķͷ֪
˵ŰģһΪŶģһΪ˶ģǶ㡣
ıǼ⣺֪
˵ֻϲ㣬ϲκʱκģ㡣
촽
֪
.
ʵžЩͣտʼƬ촽䣬ͱ˴ݼĽŨҵ˼밮⽫ģҪںøһЩǵøһ㣬뽫˴ԼϢҲһ̡
Ҳ֪˭˲Ʒ˱˵˶Ĵϡ
ֱ·һأűȵȶȴﵽԷļŲ͵ػعһѳ
һ£ŷӦ
ҲӴ£һµڣȻ˵û¶ģԭұһ겻Ҳû𣿶ĶȫˣоܺãЩҲް
ɫһ˲ֺܿᶨУǶûˡ
Ҷ˿ģʱ״̬Ҳࡣ
ҲУźܼҲЦ

üһ۾Ȼа취ˣ
ſ۾Ĺ⣬ȻЩ̲סŲŲʲôʲô취
ָŵļȥ£Ҳ㡣
һӽסˡ
̾˿һܳԿıЭҲʲôλλģ۵۵ɡ
˵ţʹչŵ촽
һץס̫ʵ֣ҧгݵ˵ҽ⣡
ƲƲ죬ǲġ
һҵħڲλ޹ء
Щɣ𣿡
ȻŲȷװܿ϶صͷģ
ָϽ˵һᾡҵ취ģ
ۣȻ̵յŵļ˲䣬СԹܡ
Ŷ佥
̵ıϢڷĲһ·ָϷµȾԳֵǻԡ
ǻþ䡣Ļƿȴɣҽ㡣
ţ
ݺܿͱƽ޲ŶŻЩ㣬ҪϽѧᣬ˵󼸰ǧǾҪˡ
ţ


84 
Ǹѧһϣͽȫѧˡ
֪ΪΣɫֳֺһܲ˵ӡ
ʹ꾲䣬Ҳû̫ı䡣
ı仯ͺԣ϶ɢһĹԣݺͻ΢˵ȣ߽ҹƱɢ⡣
᲻ڴϵţҪ
Ƥʦ𣿡
ءϵԼţѾûʲôˡ
𣿡úܳЩĵЦ⡣
㲻ңüǹ˵ģˣ˵ڿģҲͿľͷ졣
ɫ΢ľͷ
οǿľͷҲǿƯľͷ
Ưľͷչͺܲغݺ˷մõ·ֳҡ
̾˿
ŵľùȻС
Ϊħ
ҧϷĶձʦ𣬳˾䣬ǻķӡ
ŵĵضķŶδ
׵ĸ첲ֺۣ̣ش롪ľҲô
.
ĥĥƿ߳ȥʱ򣬼ľһվá
ҹľݼţЩڡ
һ֡жɣ̣˼ҵСˡĸо
ôˣʡ
һ࣬ʺʦռָΣ
඼ˣһմҴҸʲô£
ֵܣҹڹɽѰóټȴûץܵˡ
˵Ҽѻˣô֮£һȫҼɡ
һ£˵ڹɽӦҵģ󻹻ŵĵЪЪײϳأƽ˶
磺ǡ
ʱŴӷ˳
磬ǲװģغʦ֡
΢΢ףȻ䵭˵ʮʦ컹עЩغǣָɱ㡣
üʦֲҲôұɱ
Ŀɨ޳Ĳޱس˸ת뿪ˡ
Щ˳ոյĿ⿴ȥȴŲϿһȦӡ

о̾ʲô֤һϽ÷ǴӡĨˣţģ
ոշûҧô
Ǵʱùһӡ
ոջʩ˸磬û뵽Ը˳ˡ
ŵûô⣬ۣɫƽƽȣȴôҲزסʧ䣺ĵǸУҡ
ͣһ£ָ״ջӭᣬû˸ҷӣҪǻ˶ҿڳԣҸϽǸԲŽȥġ㶼ûջгϷħԣһС࣬һСǣǾǹݸҿҡ
ŵĽëϳһӰҲɳһЩӡӣ֪ΣǵʦϲҾ͹ˡ
ĶҪˣҲǲ棬Ҳû˾ʹչȥŵĶͷҵĴû̬ȣ㱻۸ˡ
ȴɲ̫ã򢿿ڷļ򣬵ɼǣҲ߿ңҵĴھṇ̀ʱᱻ
ôأôϲ㡣
ţɱ˶֪Ǻܿ롣
Щ˵ǳɻˣشĵģ˶μӻ񣬱㲻˲֪ϲ㡣
һû˵
еţȻӦеԼôʡ
ȴȻ͵͵ЦˣſȻǣ֣صϵ˸ˣ׼ڡ
ЦüĿҫۣһɵĶиոհģ

ͷѾϵõӣֿϵЦŷӦԼǱ·ˡ
šüֺЦֺոƭң
ȴסչȥЦڣֻƭһǣ뵽ƭ˸顣
ô£
ΪԼ׼ģ飬ȴˡ
ŷ§͵ƵģǸëӷࡣ
˳أǾȥɻɡ
á
룬ȻʣȻ󶴷ҹ㱳𣿡
ţ
ĬĬƿȥҽ񡣡
.
ûȥҳأڵųԼ
ʵ³ع
ΪóزɱϻɱҲΪɱ
ԺȻḡֳǰ콣ģȴҲԼһνؾµģظ粽ģر˺ȴЦ˵׵ӡ
ǧĵӣԷ˽һЩġ
ȷʵẦţǳزẦ
ѳ˫һ÷⣬ҲЩ㱣ϸϸҲжߣֻδ̽
Ϊʦˡ
ҽĲҩپþͽҩߣɵظ˲裬˫ַˣʦָˣ
ָͦá
˿ڲ裬ЦյĲݵò
پþЦˣлʦ佱
˵꣬һվˡ
һۣô㰲
پÿ۷е飬˵ʦڿ飬Ӳš
پþûһһͲסӵģʵʦ𿴵ʲô鰡
ͥʷɵġԲᡷ
پüЩˣǱȫƨ䳤صĻʦˣ
ҵô෽ƨ˵û
پû˵
һ־ÿڿգֻ̣в衣
پĵʦ𣬵ȥЩġ
ͷ
پߵʱ̧ͷ˷óһۣת뿪ˡ
һֻ̤żʱ򣬱ķȴȻ˿ڣ
سȥ󣬶ŵĻĻپûǳأ
پһתͷ
ֻ²룬״ϷҲ嵭ģ
أ
ЩĵζСƵġ
˱Сһˡ
ͨһ˵ϡ


85 
ð磬һۣ˵پ룬ð硣
ͷõ͵͵ģ˷ڶġ̻塱Ƶġ
ţһǳʹȥڵϵ˱˼ꡣ
سڵϣûۣһԵӿģҲڵϡɫҰף·࣬촽ҲûѪɫǷ壬ǸҾ·ˣôҲʷǸֶӲմϱߡ
Ƿյĵһͽܡ
ڴ֮ǰδͽ
ǵǸʦʦؽУ׷ܣԼΪͽǸ裬ǸҲΪĵ㲦ڽڰθߣ˼ˣͽ̵ܽúã÷һΪʦߵĿ
غܺã̻壬츳Ҳߣʦ۲ѣ׷׿ãһͽ͵˹ͽ
Ҳôġ
һãǾǶħ屧ƫÿμﲻˣͻô£ÿһҲԹϴ췣
´ɻ᷸Ϊ䱾ħ壬ֱһΣ˹ŵħӡ
֪ΪʲôҪ˺ǵӣڴ֮ǰųص棬ħӼ仰
շΪ˾ȻħӽԼŪþƣ̫ˣ򳤰صڲסʧ˶϶Ҫȥ
عڵϣ
ã˵鲻ģܵܡ
.
񣬷Źڵϵĳأ̲ס룬˳һ˫ĻѻΪĽȱΪԼϳԼĽʧܣԱɳؽһдƸǸڵĵܵܣӶõһԲµĴӡ
Ҳ統ʱڵϣֻȱֱֻۣûзļţԼŵúܵͣ΢ϡ
ɳƣ˵ʦ𣬵ɱ֮ѵ֡
߽ʵǹ𣿡
ͷĿЩԣʦ󣬵ӾûҪ
һϲŸܵЦ⣬˵ǰȥˣ˵ħҵ˾֮š
飡
̧ȣһߵصļϣֱӽ߳һԶ³һѪ
ص۳ŵأĨǵѪĭЦЩɭʦǰýһ¶С
ֿĿڴʦ׼ɱң÷𳤵𣿡
ȴ˳޳˵ڴ֮ǰȲǧǰʩĶ϶ޡ
ɫ̾Ͱˡ
ǰСȣ״εʦɱҰɣҪʦţҼҲĵӣ
üһ߿Ȼĺ죬˹ŵʩ̨
δùе̦Ϣһ𣬺š
ӵ̨ϣΪ̨ʩϽ磬ȻóĶ϶ޡ
϶ϸֳҫ¸ԵòԣͬߵƬ沢ƬǸϸ롣
ŵĹأ϶ֻʮ£Ϊٶ࣬Ҫˡ
ˣ૵ʦֱɱҰɣɱʦӦġ
ôǲ
ת϶޵ĵһ޾͵ش˳صļϡ
ž
һѪѶ
ųصĲҽУԵԽ壺ҷ㣬ΪɱңΪҪҵ壬ɱš
ضͷ亹ֱɫҲûҰףΪ
һֱŤҧʵƻռƾʲôƾʲô
ž
ڶޣɱңʹ֮
ֿȳѪʦɱҰɣֻҪһţͰˡ
ü˦ȥһޡ
ž
ޣڳԣ֪ڸ֮
ıޣѳԣһ˫ӱ֮

ʮıޣǧǰ˺ħӵ֮
ѾһϢûһ⣬˵
ŵӵӵܷ׷׸ʩ̨ΧһȦһȦ
ÿ˶ܰ
ٴеĶ϶ޣȥ
ʮޣҳ;֮
۾͵ɳƵ³˸֣һ죬ŨѪء
ʮޣҽϰ㷨֮

ڶʮ߱ޣΪ֮
غȻؿ޺һ£һ޺ݺ˦ļ
һޣΪʦ֮
ؼȥҲֹˣſڵϣϢ
˱ӣ˵Ӵ֮ҹ޸ϵ
һ£Ь̧𳤰ǱޱȣѪݺƽ˵ĻҲ˱һ䣺ûꡣ
ؿѪþȥץ֡
㿪ˣǳֻץ˷䡣
䱻ԳصĽǶȣպÿ˷Ǹ
ضǸɫˣҪɻˣ
ջ䣬ûлشĻ
غЦͷŷ
ƺǶʮ˱޶϶ޣǽзʦ˵ʦ𣬵»òã׼ء
кȻһֹԤУɾһϢ֮䣬غȻͷĺһѴ̽Լĺ

ͻȻ֣һ˻𣬴ƽ磬ȥץص֡
ˡ
Ѫӿ˷һ졣
۵ڵϣһĨȴ
ûüǺʲôǺǱȺʧӰˡ
ͬʱʩ̨µȺкȻһ
һȻͷƤ飬ָⶼʼ
ӲתͷѪۣ߽Ⱥ֮Уҵġ
ڵϣָױüⳤħǱ÷һһ糤ɫĳë
ͷŷˮĻɫһһûˮ⣬ֻʣ±䣬İ
һѷĽѪĿ
Ȼ𣬵Ǹɱķɥʧǵħƺһ˫۾


86 
֮ͬǣħԼĺӣӵĵһۣͷϣһסĲ
ֻһɽѹϣһסĺ
˫Į۾оȵףû
ʱһ߾ֵغˣһóȥ˺ʦĹ
öڣ÷ɵóޣù
̫޴ˣΪֱǹ룬޷Ƥ
̫ˣӣһ˦ĳ޴һӵĶڣԭĿĵŲĶھͳŷӷ˹ȥ
ϵĹﶯһ¡
˫ŷĲȴ嵲ס˷Ķڡ
ɫ΢
һֹοȻ
ħǲͬġ롣
һ˲һٽͺ׵شŵļû
ȵѪҺ˷ĽëϣʱֻܿһƬ졣
ŷһʹ˻ʵѪɫͷ󻱲԰׵ɫͱ۾
ţϵĽһɢˣûȥܼϵ˿ڣҲûȥЩӿѪҺڵϣסԼͷ­һ͵ţͻһƺʧˡ
ץסɤ˵
˵꣬ڰ˹ȥ
.
ʱֻǾ¶
Ѿˣʹδ˫ϿֲǯƤϡ
Ǿ¶һ仰ǣץ𣿡
Ǿ¶ҡҡͷɫֲ̾԰˼֡
ץµĴÿһֶ˵üޱȣǡɱ𣿡
ǰħ֮һƬѪӣɷݣѪб˼ˡ
˵ϲС۵Сͷ¡
Ǿ¶ûҡͷҲûͷֻ˵ɱ˺ܶ༦Ѽţҧ˶̫ӵһβͣ˼һ㡣

һóԣ֪᲻Ⱦ
ˣܱȳ˺á
еЦȴûǡ
ɱЩΪѾƲסѪĳ嶯ˡ
ǣҲˡ
㣬˭֪һ̻᲻ˡ
.
Ķ
ڶ
Ӵȴһ˻
ĵǡ
æʦã
Ŵģʡ
Ǿ¶ͷĵǸȥץֻ˽սʱɷನһ£ȫˣˣǡ
ЩЩվԷ˵ʦȥ
ءһȥ졣
ɱ˱˼ҵļѼţҪǮģҺ÷ôȱǮ
ȻӦˣмȴЩˣħͷĴ£ΪʲôҪʦȥʰ̯ӣħû𡭡
ҹӵܡһ£˵δŵޡ
̾;ˣæӦ֪ˣʹҴȥˡ
ˣȥ˶
.
ʱ򣬳š
ɳ̲ϡ
ǺϵĶƵϺзǰ󻱣ŵļˣԼĲºͺѹѹħҲڣʵҪЩôױɷ
̫ˣһףͷΡ
ֻûһ˸ǰ
ϾСεŸ㣬ᱻԥɱ
һŵѪƮһ졣
ǰ˵ħɢȥɣûʲôãܻᱻˡ
κһ
ΪÿһҪδűΪ֤ݡ
ħɢȥ֮󣬶ϺзҲɢȥˣֻʣˡ
ץסˡ˵ֻҪץסˣȻǾͿԸһжء
Щǽ򶨣֪Ϊ˵󻱻Ϊ˵ԼϵħǻԤϵˣҲ׼ʲôġ
󻱿һۣȻ˵ͷ
ܣһʩ˽磬ǽʩãžͽˡ
һÿըʶǼҲƷ
ֵǣʹƣҲûܣԭվţޱĴÿһɨĿ䵽˷ϡ
ѪĺˮΪ۾ӳһĨ죬ɺ⣬һ
Ȼ֪ôˡ
ذףֱۣڸ첲ϻһ
Ѫߴӿ£ֻɳ̲ϵһΡ
ΪȰһ˷Ѫ
ƺòˬ˷Ƥ缢ƿʵس
ͷĿѣ֮ӭϮóһѽᳶһӾͽȫˣҺרעѪûô
üͼպߺòãôô
ųŵرŲ벽
оԼѪ챻ˡ
ǡһûнơ
ҲûŰסʲôʲôʲôޣ޼¡
׾ٵŪϵ˿һʹ٣סˡ
ûЩŭԼѪֱܵϣŰһЩ
ţ󻱵ĽټŵֱۺȻʼӶסŵȫ
űѪˣʼƴԽԽǼ̣һƽ⣬սȫ˽ȥһӼ
󻱿űȫƷţһĨ˰ͷϵĺ˵Сʯͷһ ɹʱҾͿʼˣղǵһʹû뵽á
ԼֹѪҲһиĨһβסƣ߰ɣȥŸ
һ¡߹۱Ʒţҧ˵Ҷβͣôߣ
ô죿
޺޵˵Ҫһȣ
ĬΡ
ҧţ֪󻱻ֶܼã͵ҪҵȰɡ
˵žó˷𳤵׼
ҲҪȡ˭֪ʯͷɵɣһʯͷһȣŪء
󻱿۷ȻƸȴߣֲ˶ˣЩǴ
˵ͷȴ뿪ˡ
ǲԸȴ󻱺ħס
.
ɽʱҽѾڵˡ
Ǽ˵һڶѨ￪ʼܹ֮
һж˳˳˼飬ǰͰõ״ߡ
Ȼɥʧǣȴûдɱķ
Ȼ뵱յħһĿֲȴڶʱڱȫƷ
Ȼ˶СҲܺýˣûҪ˭ȣ˵ŵļЭӺ˶̫ӵβͣ˲ٱ
Ȼ֮һ֮ûзκ⣬໹Ƚţվͻѡ
̫˳ˣ˳Щ¡
ڷűţоԼһݶҵΡ
ֻбеѪģɼǵֱһһЩʵС
ĵڱﾲţûΪ̻ɢȥ
Ҳţ֪ʱ
ſֱߣ۾С˵
ҹ֮ʱΪ˰ŶιѪŵ֣ʵƣ̣һ˯˹ȥ
.
Ǳҽѵġ
ҽ񼱼ζļ磬أ
æѣڳ˯ţž𣿡
ҽҡͷŵ˵壬ħǵĶȥˣ
תͷһƣŷֱ׿ˡ
߹ȥֻϲһЩѪҲΣǰʲôۼҲûˡ
ŵ屻͵ˡ
Ȼû䣬ϵĺëһһ
Ȼһֺ޸ݵģǿҵ뷨
֮ǰ˳ΪãΪಽڱΪõȦ


87 
ô죬¶ɣҽŲŵöͷʼǿɲͨ壬ȫȫħܸ֮о¶
ҽŲȻһ٣ŷ䣬ʣǲǶ͵ˣǷҪӵ𣿡
ҡͷ
ҽ۷ɫЩŹ֣ǲѡˣ˭
ۣüЩʹҡҡͷ૵˵˾ʲôȻҴת뿪ˡ
ҽ񣺡ȥĶ

㲻˵Ƕ𣿣
ɷûֻһ䡰չ˺šʧԭء
.
ȷʵ¶ɵġ
β͵Ѵ׵ˣ˵¾ָܻŵĸףǰħŮıٽٴԹҲˡ
һ˵ԹҪţҲŵ巢йп˺µ塣
ɷΪĿǰΪֹΨһֳ˺Ըˡ
ǰʱüһĪʲôԼңҲҪ
ƲƲ죬ЩԸ˵¶ǹȥˣ»ħԹҶǸ
ûӦ˵һѻھʣ𣿡
ҶĶпճȥʲô
ʣԭΪʲôҪŵȣ
ЦŪҶβͣҪһֻȹ𣿡
һ£˵Ҳ˵ˣʲôܹǵģȻǾʬľˣǸȰοοҶôˣôôӦħ趼ûôӦ
ҲкܴķӦ𣿡
ֹǷӦ󣬼ֱƵģտʼҲ˵ԸȸңҪȸɶǿȶͳµˣһȫŪҡ˵ħĺҲûôˣƿڴ˵ҲǸûôģô˸ʲôǡҧҺβ͵ġ
ü
죬׼˵ʲôһӼĴˡ
ﴫҽ񽹼ŲԾ
ͫ׽ͬʡȥˣ˲Ƶ˹ţ˲Ƶԡ
ˡ
״á
ͷĺҪͷµͷʪ߽ţסط
չȥ壬ֻʡ
һǷһۡ
æץס֣ҽ񣺡ô£
֪ҽҲЩ޴룬ʲôû̽ûë
Ҳ̽ҽ˵ûһжֻЩȫ

͵ۣһʹֱ˽һֱطŶʹ͵ͷͷͲȫˮϵǸմˮ̳һʪġ
æӴ״εۣţۡ
ֽرŷȴǶһĺ޷Ӧһ̣۵ûս촽ʼˣۣ֡ۡ
֣äĿĺֱŵĶͷ۾ô޼£۵ûԿء
ʲôҽ񺰡
ҽҲ֪ô졣
ﶼúõģܹ֮ǳûκëΪʲôۣ
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ôûôӣôҲûӦҽһ߽ŵأʶһóԼҩƿŵصһѣݸֹʹģ㿴ܲã
̾ץⵤ
ȴѾ۵־ģûʲôӦˣеųݵߵĿɬҩ
šҩ˾Ͳˡ
⻰һЩӦë˲ɫЩãȻˡͲ𣿡
ţԡſ죬ҩȫȻϵµḧļŵĶͷ˾Ͳˣԡ
űۣЩҩȫȥһ˲ֿʼ
۵úˣֱۣǼ
ݼ䷢ʹȴΪЩʶԸ⺰ҧԼͷ촽ûһǾɺѪ
죬ȻԼĸ첲ҧš
ȴƫͷܿˣһֻֽŷȻԼͷ˷Ĳ۵ǺȴԸ⺰
ҲԺоڶűʪ޽ǣţҲԺҧҡ
ûҧȴ۵ܲʱһۣŷ֡
ֱ㿪ʼǻ벱۵˹ȥٶȱѣ˻ƣ德εó鴤һ·ʪ
ÿһκ۵ʱ򣬷оԼ˷ŵ˵˿
һһʹĵط촽۾ñŻҪǰһֱģģΪôҲ꣬ʹÿҪˡ
ŵʹתƵϣ϶䣬۾۵˵
ͻȻÿһӦֹסˣ۾úܴÿһѪ˿ͫޱȣǱǰ˿ǵĺڰ޳
ħ̳
˵֣ȻԴ
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ûˡ
ħ̳ħ̳
ħ̳Ǹķĵط
ħǴȥ˼Ϊ֮أݲԲʮﲻҪܿϿա
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ŷŵϣɫ԰׵öҽ˵ȥħ̳㡭һ鷳ˡ
Ȼʹ˲ȥħ̳
ûﲢеͺͺһƬ
ﵽɫͺɫı˰
ཻںɫĢߵɫߣ˾òʡ
ҶȻǸϤӰ
󻱡
ŵүү󻱡
͵󻱡
.
Լò˼ǣ֪屻͵ߵһ̣Ժĵһ֡󻱡
񣬶н磬ʹʱˣЪϢˣǰϢؽ͵ߵģȫ¶Ҳ
󻱵ͷ⣬տˣ󻱶۵غ죬ɽô¶ȴôҲϵϡ
Բõһ̣˭֪Ҫʲô˭֪ڲôϹɷ˭֪Ϲɷ볤غ굽ڣ˭֪Ż˼ħǣܿơ
ôôɣһлû֮ǰҪȥֹأһ֪ᷢ飬ֻ·һ̺Ȼ̬Ҫˡ
ɥʧǺ˭ƷһʩչĽ綼ܱ׻顣
ôôɣ󻱸պʹȫƷŵĽ١ǽٷδ󻱻һٵؽ͵ŵһαɹʱʼģɷȴַ̽ǽĹ⾰
ꡣ
պħʱ䡣
ɱ֮Ϳʼϰܿħߵķ
֪һħ߳
ÿʮҪһΣ֪ȥȴԼڼޡ
ÿλۣҪһµʱȥϢ
˵ڼޣѰħƬأ
֮ǰ󻱴ûĺŨϲ
ûʱҲһģٳΣԸ
ѵ֪ħ֮󣬲űöϲ
Ҫʲô
Ҫӵħǵʲô
͵ŵΪʲô
˼ԺлŲûͣسǰȥ
Ųתӣһ̣ɫɷס
ͬʱҲԭڵסŮˡ
Żɫͫ׵Ůˡ
մѪҺŮˡ
һֻֿʳŮˡ
һһƤǳŵŮˡ
ʹ߻صŮģѪĴԡ
ۡۡۡ
֪Լһᷢô̶ļС
˷Ƶľŷ𳤵ȥ


88 
˲ԶһϢ֮䣬𳤵ħķ׼ȥѿ˼Ʒ˿
ͬʱҲӶ𳤵ס
ħԴţ˷һۣͷŵ֡
ŷ֣ħ°ֻһֻͷ­һϰġպʬʧǲ֡
ʳŵÿһǣÿһ⣬븹УԼĹǺ⡣
ѻûһˡ
ֻӺһըˣǰѪһƬ죬ŸոʹĴϢоһŻͷǣһֻŭҰޣԺֻʣһ£
ɱɱǣ
𳤵һִնϣȥħȴֲĵز侲һ£ҡ
ͣ
䣬𳤵ֱֱû󻱵ļ򣬽ϣʺѪ˷һ
󻱲ŵԲۣȴڷȥεʱס˲Լĵηôζ֡
꣬ꡣ
ħָǵеӷָǴͷƤʹһ
ʱɱ󻱶ˣֱ˵Ųĵײײܹȥŵ塣
ħġʳ֣¼Ӳòܱκ̴ȥϮֱӷһȥţħצ˺á
Ҳγͷĵ˹
һս
.
ǷӮˡ
ŵİʬ壬𳤵Ҳصǰѵ󻱺ħš
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ħŷİʬ壬˫۷죬ӶŤţ仹ĺУ㲻ܴҵģ
ɲ֮䣬ɷȫΧһںɫ
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˺ŵǰߣ
ŵʬһԣΪʩ˸֣ȻվŶˡ
ֻҪûƵĽ֡
Ҳһ㣬ʬ壬ֿɫѿ
ŭħͼ̸ѽִ򿪣Ҳ붯㡭ܾȻһˡ
ѪĿЩʹ࣬ߴ΢΢ţ˰˵֪ԣû취ˣΨһȫ֮ˣ֪СʯͷҲСʯͷֻʬѣСʯͷѾȥµµģ㡪
£ҧĻڷŲ𣿣Ϊôҵģţſģи֪ܸ֪Լ˿ʳÿһѪƤǣ۵ûȻȥ󻱡Żû𣿣
˷Ļ˲ʧѪɫӶҡҡ׹ؿҪԵ
㱣촽ڴŲʧ˻ֱ꣬ħؽԼ°͵󻱵ļŻع
ٶȿڣֻСЩû˸ոǰеСʯͷСʯͷֻһЩѵģаһͺˣֻҪһħǣͺ˾Ͳˡ
ħأֱ޲ɼħǣͳħˣҪǰĲҾٶݱһ𣿣
Ĳģ󻱻æҲҵǸҲ֮ҡ
ģָħȫǺںɷǻ°ѵвУѼħʱɢ֮ƬɷĹģ
סɫһûҰ
ĵģĵġ
ħϲ˲䣬ֱ޹ǵ󻱵ĲظϸعƻħߵħߵģͻԼˣ
󻱽ӲתͷҲֻһһִӺĳƵģԭ˵ֻҪħߵ𣿡
ħÿüﶼѽ˭֪һû壬Ժ󻹻ҵħߵĶԲԣ
˵棬ȻˣЩɷɵʧ侲˵ҲŮ˵쳣ܡ
ⳤָ˳󻱵Ĳȥܿƶǵĵ
󻱣ˣһˣϾҪˣ㲻𣿡
󻱻ۣϾʧѪɫ붼Ǳ
⸱ģ̲סװʲôѹһֱڳﻮ㲻Ǻͳһŵħʧزͳһ߻˵ûŻ𣿣һ̣ô
ǺȻʲôȻֹŵԱŲ˼ͼȥڸסǸеòҲ̶õʬ塣
ͬʱҲסˡ
һ˫޹ǵֻ֣аӵħ彩Ӳһľ׮ӣϵÿһ嶼Ӳ·ƫҪһǿһЦ˵
ССʯͷôˣ
ڷ󻱻ĿĽ㴦ǲ֪Ϊγš
ſǵķ򣬷ɫѩһɫ£īĳմżƬҶһƬѪ˰һ˫ɫãȻ޴롣
Ǹɾ¶һ̤ѪƯӡ
һһĿȴֺ֡
ǿŷǿĿҲ㣬Ҳûнࡣ
ţ
ųţŲû٣ʲôҲû
ŷķߡ
Ȼһͷײ˺ںɫĽ硣
ײվȡ
ü
Ȼһײȥ
Լˣ̫ˣ
ħԼȱ˫֣˵Ц


89 
ħ䣬ںĽĲ¿˸ӣǡײ˽ȥ
һɲǶֹͣˣæ߹ȥ󣺡ţô£㡭
ͣסˡ
һּǲ
Ϊŵĸ첲һ䡣
ңԿŷԭվŵǸ
ֱͣãŻתͷ۾ûнġ
ſˡ
ˣҲ˵Ҳǲѵġ
ħɵÿһƤ϶˷ѩذ԰ױ䡣
о౻˸Ѫ
СʯͷСʯͷô£Ҳ
̧ۿһĨ⣺ĺ¡
ûü˵ʲôħɷֱ
æԱһƣ𳤵ɷӭȥ
ħֻһ룬Ҳû࣬ôɷ˼̵Ľ磬ûһɷͱ𳤵նˡ
ᵶӭУֱħͷ­ȥȻ󻱵ٽסȥ·
󻱾
ǣ󻱶ԴЩͷоĶڻϿֺֿݣȫȻ꣬ÿһ֣˾Ҳû·磬ڽս䡣
λսһʱ⽣Ӱɳ죬ССĽȫʩչзʯҶҪ˵ۡ
ɾʱһ΢ѲȴⳡҵսкȻԺȻסˣæתͷȥ
һ˲䣬Ѫֹͣ
ħ֪ʲôʱѾߣ˺ؽĲϣⳤָ״ŵġ

ͫȻҲˣһѳȥתȥϵ˿ڡ
ãްħָֻ˰硣
ΪʩڻȴԿصطš
ոһ
룬ϥǶŲ
ħɹֻһ֮ң˻
ɷû𳤵ħ͵ر
һ󻱡
ʲôħ˳ЩڸǵŤˣҪֹ𣿡
ɤ˵ǵ
ҵħǣҵ࣡ħغš
˾֮䣬æҲŽǸ
ҲǱһʬŵòۣŲһ۾ԹԵҡ
ȷŰȫ󣬷ʼʩƽ硣
ȷʵǺɱˣ㲻ðգǰźʬ֮ħˡ
ľٶ֮ħȻŭˣ֪ʲô¶ðںܱ֮ߵı˰׷׻ƮڿУޱɷͬʬĺƮ˳
ϵɷŨңҲֳ˹ֵЦݣŷȻתһתֻҪɱ㣬ħǺ඼ҵģ𣿡
𳤵ʱħطһЦ裬ɷֱȥ
ڡ
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ħͷżǻٽŵתͷ
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Բ𡣡Ҳ˵ǰħ˵һ仰ҶԲ㡣
ħ۾͵Ϊ𾪺ͷŭŤţЩɲΪǸʲôɱңǸһҽµĹˣҳư磬ػ۷Ĺߣ㾹ұң㾹ҡ
ڡ
󻱵ٽû磬ѹ˵ϡ
ͬʱһһ𣬴ٽȼ𣬽ħ󻱵¡
ŵؿ󻱡Է֮һ
󻱽͵ԷһˡҲɱ
󻱿ͷ̣ȻЦˣûεʱ򣬱һֻСչҾûŹˣҺô˼ˣͦյģ԰ɣ㿴ϱ˵ˣһû¶Ƶġ
Ϊʲô
󻱴ۣҲԵ翣˵ûֻɷƬ첹ɵĹˣģڳˣҲˡ
һ£۶Դһ֪۾ſڽϵţɫңԶһЩ˵ûȷʵСʯͷܶΡҸտһ̣ҿĻɫ۾һħǣȫӣ뷨
ŵһ󻱵֣ؽүүʱ
ˡ
ܿȺµûڵأ档
Լµġ
ˡ

ɱԼӣȥǰԼɱӡ
Ժɱž뷨Ͷһ
ϰľͨ˵ݰȹһ
ƽӹҲãЩҲա
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Ȼ˹Ȼûǣǡ
ͽŷ߱ɽżʱգɷƬռϣѾû˵Ĺﺢӣܾһ
ٴθ˸ЦСű˽ǣ˵ģ
󻱶쳣ɰ쳣Ưĺӿ˰Σ˱߱ɽȥ
ԭЩ˵˼Ҳ⺢ӵЦͺһȥ
ˡ
룬ˡ
ţٴζž˼ΪСʯͷѹħǡ
Ϊ⺢ӵò񣬻⺢ӱϲֻЩ뷨ѵ޵ݣ̲ס⺢ӺЩٺЩֱƵ簮޲ýȫµĺö͵ǰ
˵̧ͷյЩۣ˵Ҫһ˵֪ŲţҸʩ֮󣬾Ҳûȡȥˡ
ܲţûͳعᡣ󻱿Ѿعɷħ屻ɷƣСʯͷ߱ɽ֮ȻҲȥΣħ̳Ϊͱ˰ûȥѼƬɷˡ
أǰ˴˴Ҳ֪£ɷƻ󣬼ѰɷΪѰɷ֮꣬ʱתƵϣħԡ
Ҹ֪Ϣ͸Ϲȥˣûüڶ˵ΪʱҾ֪Ļˡ֣ס˻ƣû뵽û뵽ǾѾʬ壬ɻʹͣû뵽ҪĲֻħ֮ħ֮ġ
Ϊȫ֮ߣĶȫ֮ߣ
ԽԽ󣬽ȫû˽ȥ
ܵı˰ƬħʩĽҲ̻Ұɢȥ
žղ
ʶȥץ󻱵֣ħˡ
Էٻ𲻵ġ
ƿ֣ħİ壬˵ܲܡҶСʯͷ˵Բ𡣡
һ˵ˣҪҡ
󻱱ճɻҵһ̣̰ɢ
꣬ʶܿġ
Բ𡣡
.
Χήȥٴδ
½֣ժ۵Ĳ
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Ӧ
ųٻգգ۾ɻɫͫûнࡣ
֣ڿС
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ྻĻջ䣬嵭ǡ
ĻῪ𣿡ʡ
û˵ֻᱧ
ⳡս
ûʤ


90 
󻱵Է֮˶ãž͵˶á
վʱѾˡ
ûʲôʬǣֻһЩڻҺһ޴ľ̿
ȥˣԱѰһֵأǿһ㻱׼ٸӣ÷ƽȥֲͬħ󻱵Ļҡ
źһڡ
۾ûлָãҲܳٶۣûʹʲôֻǽӲŽΪүүڷء
ʱȫΣںޣǸĻͬ˵
Ƿ֪һԹ
ڷصʱڵϹŵģ۵ˮ⡣
԰׵ظԵĶĬ˰ΣȻڵоʫ˵ϵݡҰղ紵
˵;⻰ʱˡ
Էٶ˭ȷһܻ
ȻЩգоԼ̫˵
ֿĿİ˵ЩʲôȴԵø״ЩҰݣ󻱡
ŵĴһ
ʲôҲȴȥ˷ˮɳƣ֪Ҳѹ
ʰοҡ
Ʋס
.
ӣ׼󻱵ĻҺľ̿ȥʱⷢˡ
ЩҺȻͱ˵өҹĻ⡣
ǳӣɵʣȻһܱߵĴϡ
ͬʱϵЩȻǱιһ仯Ǳó죬¶ӣ
ںҹǹҫ¡
ۿƬһ˲̵֮ѿ
ˡ
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Ϊ
Ӵ֮ħ̳Ҳǹͺͺˡ
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뿪֮ǰŽʬ壬ţڸоô
˵ѾˣֻϰЩľ۾ɿ塣
·ģֲⱾͱħʹ֢ЩȫָˡʱǰʬҲԻʧ
ͷǰʬñװãŽǬ˵ǻȥɣ㻹ҪϢ
ȴĬһŻȥ
˵á
˵ȥ·Զ
ǣ֣ܶԶҶߡ
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·оʯͷӣҲԶ·Ҳˡ
ûϵǣ֡
.
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ͺȻģģһ߰׹⣬ǰ׹һǰԾǺڵġ
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Żգգۣ
վɽϣһƬӿƺƺӳʵĲý⡣
ű̫Цһŵ۾
ţˡ
꡿


91 
1.
仱δ
֮ħ̳ȴһƬ׵Ļ֡
ƬƲ⣬ȴȱ𴦵Ļø׳˶һЩ
ɲ׳˶Էڴ˴ɻһΪөɢأ̲ÿһûˡ
ÿ⴦ͷΡ
Ϊÿһûһģһ󻱵ԭ
°ͣ˼ţ󻱻һûת𣿡
Ƿ쿪˵˵ֻ󻱿ۿѵӣɢأʵڲ衣
Լһ˿֮иԼ֮ͬȽϷԸ
ſı̹ÿһүү
Ŀǣʵ
룬˵ǷֱȥҰɣǧ󣬿˭Ѻ˱
˴죬ҵһ겻һĻ
Ȼһظߴҫۣ·պ
ˣ
ȻеĹ
ɣΪһЩ˵ǲ󻱣ҶѺ˰
Ȼ˵ǫ飬ȴƶ
ûתһƬˣ󻱴УǶѡһá
أ
صͷ˿ʯͷǺţϲ̵뿪ˡ
ڲԶעĽ䣬һøɱС˶˾һ仨֦Ҷͷð̡
ûĽűߣһƯģСģ޺ɫı˰
2.
ŵĻúݻûӭ׵ġ
ӭ׶ħŵţΪ֮𶯡
ȫ󻱵Ĺ롣
ɻ죬ûĻҲ˻
µŵӭ׵ĶƮһ·
3.
Ǻ˫޲ı״Ҳ֮ʧˡ
š
ԡ
ڶҹԱĲҰûз
4.
ųɻ֮󾭳ڹŵǰƣұֵú܇Nɪ
ѾǵɲѣסСˡ
ֵˡ
ֻڹһȦԭ˳۵ʦʦǹؽ
ʦĸãͿ׳ʹɫ
ʦĸá
ţĬĬתͷ
׼̫ϲƺ
5.
ߣħ˲
ֻҪڹһȦϹ
ħã
ħʲôħ
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6.
Ϳʱűֵúڣ仰Բҵ̫ΪǴԭҡ
ŲôԭͿױֵøˡ
֪ûʲôеס
һ߷飬һĵ˵Ϳˣ־밡һ춼ˡ
üһ˲𣿡
ĬĬ飬ûȦӣҿĶˣǱܹ֡
ţ֣
ҧܺ죬ܵ
ţ
ʲô
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Żĺ󾱣Ц㣺ղҺ÷ôվͲˣ
Ȼžͱ˴
7.
Ϳ̸ϣҪֵֹĵҩʲôӵ
Ϳ׾ȣûӵ

̹׵úѸ٣ֱӸʵܾ
űһڽֹ̤š
һµĴ
8.
С˽Σ˷¡
ȻԭǸħˣù֣
ʦԭεʱħҲĵˣùֺù֣
ħʱ򻹻ͷʦһϴŻ֮΢Ц
ӻ˰ɣ
ţΡΡطˡ
9.
Ž³ƺ֮һһΣ̼
ϲԼʲôأ
˼
Сʦ
ޱ顣
ֱһգĺ󾱣΢΢Ϣԣҡ
Ŷһ̯ࡣ
10.
˵Ǵӵûа̽˼
ŴչЦôʦӣ

ɫûС
ȻҲûа뷨Щɻŵն
Ž°͵סķѾ˴ˣξҪٷָˡ
Ŷ
̲סͷ
УŲز˲촽Ѿ㹻ĻϲҲҪٴȡ
ĺҲǡ
11.
һգȻ˵һʮ˽죬ʮŵӵѧ
⣺Ϊʲôѡţ
Ϊһϣĵطﲻӵĳ壬ħ壬廹壬ͬȵĴڷͱĽͬʦһһһõˡ
ζ֮ȴ˲Ծ
һλ·ƬʣĿհһССģεģǧ

һжأСأһһдɵּǰ
ҿɼ
ȫ꡿


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