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ж˻ǵԼİ½Ϊһ죬һ̣Щׯ֣صĴʣ
㷢֣ǰľѾȫ߸ЩĴʱ᲻һ䣬ԼŲɵĶʱ¾Ǳ˶һң
ټİ칫滳鵭Ȼûκһ㣬ֻЩºֻͣһߵ˲ûʶʲô
ãһעġ滳鴽߹ǳǳĻȣ۵ȴһƬ
˵绰ĿƵ칫ϵļ
ЩļһĿǰ˾ӰƬ¹ʱ棬ǵ鱨棬ֻһ˵ģһݣһŮˡ
ü΢ϸָļнôšΣ˴վ˳ùļԼԵĳԿ߳칫ҡ
ǰ鱨עС·ϣ滳üͷʼûչ;ֻȥһ绰
ֻƽ˵һ䣺ʱĻһˡ
ȥЩԼпԶҲᷢ֡
ոʰ꣬ҪصϢȻԼѵسǽߵſڽŴ򿪣վŵŮһ˲ľȣһĻҡ
ǰŮ˿ǳüĿһǽϢһ㣬ôţҪʶġ
ã滳顣滳¶òȴ΢Цƽ׽ˣȴż־С
һֳţ֪Ӧԣֱ滳ǵĻԽǳˣŷӦܣ
滳飬Ӧ֪ٴˣйֵһУԸմϰϵ
С㣬ȣЩô滳źתʵֻǽߵԼߵӣԼⲻӦʳڡ
ллܹģҵֻ΢ۣ¡ЦϢͿԻָ㣬ᵢȵġ
ǰ¹ʶ˵ԱΪصģϷ㲻ٵŮţ˾ֻͣ㣬Ⱥƺת
û뵽¾Ȼ滳飬Եáֻ滳ֻΪôǣǼҲ
ûϵúϢ滳鲢Ϊ˾¹ʶȻҲҪϢãοڹˣ۴һǶûɴߴ롣
һӦò֪һ²ŶԣվһŮ˵֪ԼɷĻŹģ˭ƽ
˼ˣѹĵ˼Ҫȥ滳鵹һ裬˭֪ǲ㶯ǶбҪˤһԡ
滳ӷסỺЩСģ
ýˣ滳ȻЩΪʲôԼɷִŮˡ
īڵķ䣬ɫԵȴڲסǽɫ˫ĿɽϪ΢̵βȴ͸һ̬ϸղŵƽͣȴҲ˵ϸġ
Ůˣ½Ӵûмż˼
Ǹдܡ΢滳ľ룬ȴɳϡ
ͻˣóȻǰʧ񡣡滳ĶڷЩɳ֮򿪰óǩ͸ֱʣڱǩдԼĵ绰롣
ҺܱǸ˾Ӧȫҵĺ룬ʲôҪĻֱϵҡ滳ѱǩ˺½ϣãΪε¹ʶ
ллﴽǳЦ۽Ц΢˵Ļȣ滳鼸ɲ򴽡
ˣҡ滳ֱӣֹĶߵſڿźϸŲ뿪
ŵϸ΢춯ӶͶɳУֱʱصһ
ã滳鲢֪ɷԼ顣һ˲ǣԼԼͬΣ˭޷̡
еıǩɷһ֣۵׸һ˿ŭžһͰѱǩǽϡԼʲôǸԼ㣬ƾʲôԼڹ
˳滳ٶȷǷݵ鱨棬ÿһҳϸؼ¼Լ֮һŮйϵڿľƵͷŶ
Ȼļһҳϼ¼һŮȴûκ¼滳ʳָĦǡܾ֣Ŀֵǰ棬롣
Ժ񲥷ӰƬһ㣬ֳǰһ̣
ǷԸȢ滳ΪޣʥĽѵͬסǰΪһ壬ο㰮Լһǽлƶʼֱ뿪磿
Ը⡣
лҪ˵^_^
ǾõˣǵҪðݡ

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һֳŴȥһֻϲǣ裬İɣʲô¶ûУһʱȥ㡣
ԷǱɵĿȾƺ˵ʲôĻüҶȾЦ⣺ãҲĻҾȥˡ
µ绰Цᣬֱ۵׻ָ糣ĵĮһ̾˻δڴߵȣƺٹӦþͺõòˡ
ԽܰסԺģִزԸǸطҲǱܵų⣬ֻڼҺúϢ졣
ԲӦ˵ַſ˼ӣԴ滳鼸ǰ֮
һʶĿܺͷգֻо¹һ£ȫ̹̹滳飬ƫƫǡ
ѾĥӲݵĥһʱ䣬ǵԼǩԼֹ˾ܾ滳ɷ
ⶼʲô£
·꣬ǡʱ˵绰Ļʾ·ȡ֡
·㣿绰к·ôͻȻ绰ˣ
ţſڡ·ЦŴ㿴ſ봩Ь˯ȹһŵӡ
æ·Ƚţ·ŵˮüǸҴģ
Ȼأ·ֽˮڲ輸ϣж˫ȣο˵ȿɰŵòᣬ⼸칫˾ҪЩ
С˶ѣҪΪȻ˫ȴ΢΢һ£·ûкϸڡ
ΪľˣֻǱϵĻϵɾҲ졣Ȼദˣ·ȴΪϲ룬˽µĹϵܹ໥ߵĽá
룬ľãֻô·ɳһƤ⡣
ʹǣأ·ľĲ΢΢ЦٻﰵذԼô
ߵ·£ؿƤֹ
·Ҫ˵ʲôʵ²µõ
·㣬滳顭ǸʲôˣǴҪ䵽ذϵĹƤŵʵ
滳º͵ӣ챻ǽϵıǩȻãŮôͻ޸ˣ
εشǿй滳һУļòж޿ޡܻʼδʱ򣬲֪滳Ƿ޷ƿĳЩʱ
磬ıѡ
·̧ͷһۣ˵ôʲôˣ㲻˵ܶô
㶵Żָ̬ǰ滳ʲôˣӦ֪һˡֻȦ˶Ӧ滳֡
ֻ֪ȴ滳ԸºͳŮˣ᲻֪ɷѵŮһǴһ֮飬ֻǾܵȡɷģһйƽ
滳ʲôӣϾǸ˳ȵˡã滳Ҳͱ˲һЩһ޶ϵŮ˲һ
ûʲôʶѣ̫ˡѻ⳶Ը̸·Ȳʲô
˽ϵε飬ûиκˣ·ȡ
ҲΪʲôڡⲿӰƬеŮǣȴΪŮŵԭ
ⲿϷкһʱɱ࣬Լע⣬ʲôʱҡ·һݸ룬˵
ʵһ⣬ףͬס
֪ⲻܾġ˵꣬ӹҧһСڣһ˲䣬ЩȦӡ
һ˲˦˦ͷ뷨ӳȥˣɼô˼˳
㻹ô㵽ǵ˭ⲿƬŮѾǰ϶£ôͻȻĳŮţ·ȽסһȻӣ̲סʵ
뵱ΪһŮǶһҹ죬ͷݡʱ򱾸Ůǣ·ҲȷʵõڲϢԭŮǵԱµľ롣
ȻڹԱʱȴŮţŮݡ
粸ҵ£ͬһӰƬ˿ǸôЦЦɳ棬ĿȴЩ˸
Ǹ㲻£ʱͬһƬԾǰѹȥˣԭȾŮҲͰˣʱĵģô·˲٣ԼĲٵãûʹ
˵Ҫͬʱ粺룬ȫ˷ֱӰƬ˾ڳﻮƬӲֹһΪʲôҪ˷һ𣿶صذŮǻŮţ˼Բ
·㣬ϸ룬ܹ⳷ԱˣӴô뿴·зŭļæԽԽԶ
ܹԱıȻǹ˾߲㣬ȻһʱڣȴҲԾһ˰ˣȻ޷߲쵼ע⣬Īֻɺϰˣ
Ҳעŵ㣬Ϸܼ粡·벻ȻϸСûģŮڲǱˣ粡
粲ʲôδйˣĺѣոպʱΪѶ˿áȻСǣ鲻þ͹ȥˣֽ˼Ƭ֮𽥱ƽ롣
֪·ġӵЦʱ粶ŸɣֻԽԶԽá
ǺãһȥˣƬ֮ǰҴ绰·ȰһҲڹ룬ùƤ֮Ҫ뿪
ҲֹšһĿ·뿪
ùһţĿŵشտʣǰҲסķŴգδ
С粣ΪⲿӰˣǧңһűء
Ϲ˵ʲô˭ȳһģû׼ʱұĴȡ
ڶȴ˷ǡ
һǰȥҲῴһĻ
Ӵŵ粵ķһ·ѵҵ·˵ĳͿӣŮ˵£һ·Żص䣬뵽жôҡ
ӡֻһ˰ߵĴžʷ׳ʵĴϷĺǺ˵֮¡
֮粷ֵÿÿĮԣȴʱǶ񶾵Ѿȫ󲻵ܵѣȻݱӡ
빴һЦݣٴνӽ¨
˵ȣ精Ȼĺһôˣٵ˰ɡڼ粻ٶЩţţжĵƬһ֪Ǽ١
øл粣ҲĺǵĿ
ŮˣвģĺǺ精һӣڣֶ˸
ĺǺô»֪ˣȴһЭӡѶŮǻŮţýֺͷ붼֪Ϊܾĺ¡
ǡ滳ôŮˣٿ㡣
밵ţֻʼй滳ıš
лҪ˵ûʲôҪ˵

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滳ڰ칫﷭ļһ𶯵ֻ绰ô
ֻһ˵ŮżģһЦҵС㣬ھͿ쵽İ칫ˣ˭ȻߣҺҡ
Ǿ͵˵滳عҶϵ绰üļϵϡ
滳Ľղͨ绰Ůܹ˳칫ҡһȥֻ˻ɢŴԺɶɵϢɫ˾سȹճ˵ˣ޵òһϴмаЦ滳칫ǰ
滳üͷøˣȻƽȴʧȻ˵뻹Ǵ˿ǰĺǽȫȫչֳߵ±˲֪һ㡣
ôҵܣϹ˲ߣįˣҪôĺԿ칫°¶ζЦǰİ˷滳ڡ
滳ֻۣӣÿĵطĺԣ֮ǰ˲㻹ǵô
ţôˣʲôöˣĺԿ滳鿪˻ͷҲٶЦҲ˼֡
Լɡ滳ʾһԵļļͷеļϲŭ
ĺԱ̬ȹ˺ģѵãԼɫҪѵԼʲôöˡ
ĺԷţգ۵Ĺʡȥˣ´ʲôذϢŮĲ۹ⲻС㵱ϵȫϹ
滳ֻǲǲðĺԽ
ʲôŮǰʱһڷղԾļ́ͷӲذѺ仰ʻضĵʵ滳飬Ĳԭ
滳鲻ԣǻشɹţ/ԭ
Ӧòȥɹˣǰ/ԭϵĻݲݶˣ˳Ҳմһĺ԰ļкϣĿ滳飬ֻǵЦ滳һ˼
Ҫ˵Щġ滳ϸֱʱñ̫Ѩͻͻۡ
ΪӴȦֻҪϤعģʽϾ˵ӼƺҲҪȦͬ˰һֹ˾
˭֪֮²ɣ䶯ĹְȨְԱ
ȸңΪʲôڻİ칫ңĺԴӽźһֱ³һΪĻ
ֻҲҵһС֣滳鲻Լܲʢ⼯ŵİ칫İ칫ңⱾͲ
ӴһŮǣǻˡ滳ˡӴһʣЩֱ̫ӵʵ˵ڡ
أĺüʡ
һϷŮǣǱŮš滳˵̾˿ľٶʾĺ̫ԡ
֪ΪܾĳֹҪ󣬲ű˴ѹͬǵ֮ϣǲµ˱㱻ǿ˸ߵ͡
ĺԷĵ鱨棬̾롭ƯϲͣȻһ飬Ҹұ֤Ǹɧ
֤ȫס볤ƣĺԿƬϵ򴽣۹ȻϵŮ˶ϲ͡
Ҫ۹ô滳΢˴ǣ۵ȴЦ⡣
۹ȻãôȢؼңĺ˵վƵ칫ߵ滳бǰ˫ֻпߣʵѾһ𰸣αطҪȷһΣ
滳̧ͷ˫ǳɫٷڵĲˮһƽļҳŵָʶĦš
㲻ҪȥһЩеûġĺԿˣһֳӵķ֣һֳڰ칫أӦǣҲ㲻ڼҵʱŴŵľ͸ղļϵĳŮˡţЩŮ˺ĸˡ
滳顰žһļټɢ˿˿⣬ֱŸոЩֿذ칫ĺԡ
ôңѵ˵Ĳôûôĺζػش
ǲ֪ﵽʲôˣҪȥڣǰľϰߣǾԻԱһ°µӵġ
滳ɫֻľܾײԺΨһһܾŮˣҲΨһһõŮˡ
ĺԺȻ뵽ʲôʵ˵ǲǸйأ˼Ҷ˵󸾣ڼҵ/ǲڴҲƵģ
ԻǷǳģΪҵŮ˴࿴һͣЩŮɫˣһ֤նܿıʡ
滳ڼҲĺ벻ԭˡҪ֪滳ǵ鱨ϵŮǸЬҪ
Ǹɡ滳վܹпŰ칫΢ĺһЩӸµѹȣҵǲǸùû
Ӵҵܣ˲ã⻰˵ǡĺһ߿ŵؾ̾һ߸ߣҪȥĶ
Ҳڰ칫̸Щȥ¥¿滳ͷҲصǰ档
ЩļһôһͻȻءĺԼæϣ˽֯һĸ߸ЬԶȥ
滳һҲῴЩ鱨棬Ϊûʸ̤ҹ˾һ
񸽽ĿרΪϰ裬Ȼֹ˾ȴҲżһλˣǴ඼ִ֪磬ڹͷ¶ע⡣
ڸ滳˵ܲĻ¡
ǰЩĺԵĸ򽨰ظ滳ȥ˵绰տĺԣǸһЩĵ˴ţ滳һЩ̳Ʒ¼ŵԡˣصǿԱ
ǲǸ˵ұĵܻŷ磬޹⣿ĺֽӹĬĬ߽ķϵĿȡ
滳ѵõɫ˼Ц⣬ӹȺСš
滳պʮ꣬ĺԱСѣѾˣĺȴǸŶ壬϶ĺԵСϢ
Цʲôҿһ˻ûôĺЦһɫ黻Ľһôһֱȥôû鷳
ȥֻص滳ϣƺһĺԾ͸ɴ滳鵱Тˡ
滳鴹ײԣĺ̾ʵǸ룬ô죿ڵӣƺ
ԽԽ£ܾ֮ĽҲᰵѹ롣
滳һСڿȺ˵롭һ
֮ǰôĺҪȥĶͷòǷ˰ɣ
ûпЦ滳鵲ס̽֡
ĺԿЦã滳飬֪ôͱϹС㻹Ҫ
һһ룬ҲϣҵĹ˾Ȩı˽飬õ˲ĴΪߣӦá
ĺ԰˰ֹĳƪۣúúãͣͣͣܣʲôҪСЧ͵ģܷԸ
Ⱦɣһ˵̬Ҳûôᶨ滳ȵĶ˶٣΢΢˳ǳЦҲ֪ǳǱʲô
ֻÿÿǵ鱨ϵĶǻԼϣλܹһྴ
лҪ˵Ÿ

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ǹ֪ݣóĹװӰƬƣָĶಿӰƬùϵĶ󽱡
飬ѵʱ䣬ǺܾûˡŶ浥ɳŵ滳飬ɵø̾
ԽԽ޵˽ʱҲԽԽ٣һҵָͶӰƬźܾö滳ͬһ
ھңܵһҲûô򵥡滳ɳ֣ʳָ޵Ħ
ϰߣֻҪ칫ɳͻС
޼һ棬Ȼڻİ칫ңҵļҵʢİ칫ңĲúͰΪݻܾ칫ҾͱȻѾ˵Сİ칫ռҪһ
⻰ɾͲˡЦʮ˿ӫϵŮǣô˵Ҳ㷴㣬һˬԼģ
ʱûС滳ϸ˵
ʶ֪꣬٣Ծȥǰò滳˲پ顣
Ҳʱ¹ʣԱˣЩҲôСĿһһ鼹滳ͲܿЩȤôǾǹŵѧֲԽԽˡ
滳ԣʵչΣ
ȻʱͣģĿǰ㲻ô⣬ԤʱӦܹɱࡣ
滳Ƭ̣áⲿϷԱһֵ
ȦһѾλӣҪעѪҺʱ򣬡ⲿƬӼΪĽɫɽһڶݣƾ滳޵ĹϵҲͬ˵θƬݡ
ݣ滳ȻбҪ˽⾿һֵúڼ֡
粺롣޳һ˵
Լã
ɳϣ飬üȴûпý֣ĿǰҽӴݼ˵ǱȽϳɫģҲ˵档
滳鵭֮仹Ҫָߵ͵ĻΪһ
Ҫָߵ͵Ļ
롣޹ϵ
ʤ
粣ӸһЩ꣬ݼҲ䡣ڲͬ龳£̬ȻɫڣһһЦݾܰѽɫĽס֪ģڵ˵һǳ˵룬Щ͵ζҾãǰ;
滳۵΢֪ݣӴȦĴˣ͵ˣضס
Һôһˡ
ŷԼղŵ˲٣ŵϾѾܿʵˣ඼ƾˣȴߡ
ߡ滳⼸֣ĦɳֵʳָٶԼ
ص޺ʡ
ȻΪܵݣԱѡԱѡһԱʺ籾һɫϸµĿ粵ȷʡŮ趨˵ݼϷ·ҲģΪʤһ
滳ûд𻰣ʵһϷݣΣ
һϷ滳ǲǴˣһϷöò뿪
ҶⲿϷȤĻ˵ǡܵôġ
ȻóĹװϷĲͬûеݹġ滳˵žվ칫ߣϰڷһɫļУ֮ǰڿĶ
Ŷޱ˺ģҪ֪ΪִֹӰƬѾͣһ滳Ҳ֪ġ
滳ļݸеЦ⡣
ްŰɵشļУ˫ɻ𽥳ΪغͼԾԾԡ
ͬž籾ݣò˵滳ĵĴĿǰڻûдͬӰƬһϷֻҪƻƶ˰졣
籾΢С˵ıģԱ֮һĿ滳ӹ޵ݻļźá
޿Ȼãһ̸ƺ̫ˣǴδ滳ϳֹ
ΪʲôͻȻôĻ飿Ҽǵ˵ҹ˾
ΪҪ֣滳黹صظ¡
ܲˣܡ滳ͷָϵĽָƽ޲
Ǻεˣʹ滳ɫ죬ͻأľٶҲѾʾһЩ飬̫˽ܵӲ滳飬ֻԼ˵ڣǲ˵ǷԼܰæĵط
ԡƳһļϵ֣Цֵøܵţһʱˡ
Ϊ͡滳ƺܵ޵£Ŀӽָƿʾ׼š
ֻͣδ̫СתȥɳԼİ
ΪܵʱѾԤ˲ô
滳鵭ƮͷֻҡͷЦŸϡ
ָ㣬ְԱȫع顣
źϵĵ߽΢ЩԱкŲ߻ػױ䡣
㣬û°ɣղǸ̫ˡĪνںͳֽŶͷðϸ
ʵǵ룬Ȼ˵ѾתҲ̫ҵĶƫƫ뻹ԸҪԼ
û£ѾָòˡӹĪֽԼΪߵ⣬մѧҵõŮӱҪŲܹĶͷȴÿζִҪԼЩʲô
·󿴵ĪλڵԼɵЦЦҪ»ߣڴֻĻʾδĺüͷһ塣
ô
ĪΣ߰ɣҵһԼ뿪
ãĪ֪Ӧ飬к뿪Ƭ
Ī뿪Ž绰á
룬ʱ仹ô绰ͷһ˵ֻʮǫѷ
ˣҺܺá䵭ػش˫ղŻһ˿º͵Ӵ˿̷⡣
Ȼˣ֪Ǽ㿼ǵأ˿䵭Ծºִŵš
ֻؿڱŭ⣬Ǽ£ȻҪĴҪŹԼ
뷨ôôȻ˵ڵģ
ǸûпǹѹеĻԾĮػӦ
ûпǵԾԣ룬ⲿϷŮǱӦ㡭
ôûеĻҾȹˡû˵ʹˣָֻⷢףƺ˺ܴ
㲻ôĻϢҸϵ㡭
ٴδĻֻһֱӹҶϵ绰
ƬڰŵߵľְԱ滳ãһ˻ɡ
滳Ůˣ͸ղŸԼ绰ǸˣǷô
лҪ˵滳޵ľ籾ԡ΢Ķƪ˽籾ʱм뿴һ¾ڵĿ΢ҳؼ֡ԡܿˡ



ɲڼң滳ʱظĸޣҲˡ
ҵʳͨǼΪ嵭ģ滳һߺ࣬һ߿ֻϸոմϣͨ¼
ÿһͨ绰Ǵ˭Ķעʱ滳Ҩ΢΢ͣ١
ߵ룬ԭôִֵš
顣
һȻ滳̩λ滳̧ͷ΢΢ôͻڿֻ
ѸߣѼԼһִҵ۹ʢ⼯Ž滳ڲǹŸ³ͷˡ
֣硣滳鲻źۼذ˰ֻĿؼñŵĻ˲ʱϢ
ѵûһ˼ңشڼס೤ʱ䣿̩üǱԵЩſЩ
ٽӵͣüۼԾӢͶʱӢŲ棬ϡóʱķɣ滳ǫѷǳ
滳΢΢һЦشӦûסһʱ䡣
ƽʱؼСסȻȴпܳסˡ
̩ӹӶʢ࣬һ滳ü׺Ų˼꣬˵ҲСˣʱҪˡ
滳ʱԼ̫Ҫӣҵʱ滳Ҳսֹ˾ãȷʵֲʱͬʱҪӡ
֡滳ֹ֪λش
˾ѾȶˣҲʮˣʵڲˡ̩лѾûκȥܾ¡
ദòʣҲల£ȻʣҵѾˣҲóˣûкӵļ̸ͥԲ
滳Ӧ֪ˡ
ɫ޲̩صͷ
ڸŮ˵Ķ϶̸йȥ滳ȥ˾ʱ˼ţòø̩˵£
ͷȻֱڹ⣬ô˵
滳̾˿ļ칫ҵȴԤ׵ش򿪣ĺ欵زŸ߸Ь
ܣô칫Ķ棬ĺü
滳̧ͷһۣôˣ
һûأôꣿһˣ㲻ôĺ˵
ʱҲ֪ôˣ֮ǰԼŮһ벻ۣʶҲûйȤÿϹʵЩįˡ
ľȥ̸˵滳ļϵְ߿֮˵úҸ飬Ǹṩȵ㱨
ҲͦĶԲԣŵԣأĺû滳Ȱ
ܲΪһ˶ˣΪ½ȥʼɲ硣滳صܾĺԾղġ
ҴӲ½֮ĽĺԴǹ𣬿ЦЩеĽľǱѡ
滳ǩͣʼīˮΪͻȻֹͣ͸ֽڽ׵ֽ½Ⱦһ΢Сīա
ҰңҪˡ̾˿ϱñα
ҪôĺֻԽԽˣܿܶԿף㻹ҪҪ
˵һ㡣滳鵭ɨһۣȴǾ仰ĶԴ
ѵô㡭
ĺԻû˵꣬ϵߵ绰滳ʾĺͣ£绰
ܣСҪŮòͨ
滳һ˲ľȣ
ĺҲһλ滳Լ̸ʱģܺ档
Զĸ߸ЬĺٶǣԭǸŮġ
û뿪ڣ滳ʵô
ܣ㡭ڰ칫ǰߣԼŵǸŮһԼȤӣü
滳ȻҲע⵽ĺ˫۷ŹĲʣ˵һ仰ĺԣĵĻȳȥ
ĺջطϵĿ⣬ĵװ滳ĻصòУֱ˵Ҫ˼ҿͺˣ
ûǻĿ⣬پɲ٣滳µӣܣҲӡԡⲿϷ
滳鵭Ȼɡ
ԡľѾְԱȫ£ֻһЩԱܹ֮֮һ
˱ۣٶʱ̫̾ˡ
˵滳Ȼ֪˼վƹ칫ߵ࣬ſž籾
һ㲻⣿滳ĿԵվĺԺ֮䣬סĺԵĿ⡣
ĺԷʲôΪӣǿۣѲմŵȵ㱨ô
ͬӦ
ǵڶô滳ϵ㴫뾹Уһֱų̫ӽ˹߷֮⡣
滳ҪһЩʵţҲŴûеĵȻƽ
Σ滳ǳǳһЦ۵ҲЩ¶ȡ
һʱˣһûע⣬ȴ÷滳һ˫һۡһβ΢䣬䵭ʱãȾЦʱһִֻ䵭ʱ
㲻á̫ðôָ⣬
滳Ͳµ˼˿Ҳŷǳľ籾֮ʣ׿ͬ˵Σ
ͨҪ롣
ԡһС׿诺ϷhĹ£׿诵ĸʮ٣ϷӳϷֻһΣ׿诵Ŀһ𼧡hϣhÿһϷܸܵ׿诵Ŀ⣬ھһʱӱ֮hڸθ顣
ȻⲿϷĽȴ⣬׿׿诣һϷʩѹhΪ˲飬˲ò׿뿪
ǻŮ֮飬ⲿϷȷʵû֮
ͨͬһ㡣滳ļݻȥɣⲿϷּ
ǡ
ûпǣǱȻģͬʱҲõջ񡣡滳Цⲻ֪ʱѾʧֻȻƽ㲻Ҫͬĸ飬ֻҪݺĽɫ
ʱĺ̲ס˵ˣСã벻ϷĻҽҰæ
һƤô滳ôˣߵȴһһӣ
ˣʲôô滳һ룬һָڰ칫ţʾĺԱ졣
ҡͷֿһ滳֮߳칫ңֻû滳ĺԵĿֱֱıӰֱ߳칫ңĺԲתͷЦЦؿ滳顣
룬Ůϲ͡ĺת˸򣬳Ƥε滳˵
̲סҪȾָ˫侲ó۾β̣΢΢ʱԳ̬һ˫ƯĺۣŮûжֿܵס
ֲãִţܵлЩŮ˶㲻ʲô
ҪŮô滳ԺܴĺԾǸˣһ֪ˡ
˭Ӯ
滳룬ЦҾ˭òʹѹֻס
˼򵥾ܱ򶯵ģѵ֣ﻹֵõĺԣ
ĺԿſ˼Ƭ̣Цܻţ˭Ҵѹ
滳鲻ÿɷߣֻβҪʧźá
лҪ˵ĺosܣҿϱ
2333



ڻױϢַľ籾ĬԼǳϷ̨ʡ
롣
һŮԵỽͷһޡ
ܵôˣæվкϵľ籾
ϢģôšЦļ
޿ǻź滳ĶԻԼͼΪϲˣѵóʱ䣬һЩ
ܵǸղһﲻô벻ֻ֪Լ죬ǶԼʲôط˲
ǣֵúܺáԱߵǰϣʾҲ£ż˵ʵڽӵⲿϷԼʱûϽܣΪ̫࣬һԸִ̫Ƭӡ
⻰Ҳû˵;˳ɼӰӹ˾ѲὫ˵Ϸִǿ滳ӣӦ
֪ЩҶ˵벢˵̫ţ޵ĴȦ˵׹ִܹٶ˵ҡ
ھãһûŻϷ롣
ⲿϷݵŮǵѾߣȴվտɱ֣ɱҹ߳ŵһҹ¡˿һҹ±㽫˵ݳĳޣ˿ûлٻɫ趨
ܵ벻̫޵˼ֲȥ⡣
֣Ҫ̫ҵ˼ֻҪסȦ˿Ĳ㷢ʲôʵֻʵǲġ
⼸仰ʮ⣬ϵǰЩӷ¹ʣһӾ޵˼
ȦȾƽƽ㷢ʲô£ʱǨ֮Ҳ̫˼ǵ㡣ȻǸȹ̣ݼˣٶʱգԶ˽ĵס
۵׵ãȥˣллܵ
׾ͺãȳȥˡٶļվߣƮƮһ䣺ڴڡԡı֣ɲҪʧ
һѣԡԱѾ£籾ҲˣԾޣһǡ
֪Ϊʲôھܾɧ֮Ծܹǣһ滳ᶨ̬ȡ
ѵİô˾پҪԼǳ׶ǰߣΪʲôԼȥֽĵƬӣǺߣֺα뵽ִ
볶˳̾벻ͨ㲻ȥ룬վ׼صƬ
ùԼֻ׼ʱ䣬Ļȴʾżδţ
룬Щô
߲ôæЩȥϲʲô
»ԴǣȻȴϤҧгݵġԹİϢڶ˸µİ롣
һף׷
սֻ۵׷ټķŭ˻¼任Լ·󿪳뿪Ƭ
ӹսֹ˾ͣһ·ϵʱ㹻侲һ¥ݴĽŲ
Ҫʲôأ滳˵ܺԼϹͬ滳һ
滳֪£ΪԼ³ç¹֮ڣô᲻Ƿǣ
ȻԼ̫嶯̧ڱպϵĵݺ󣬽ŲֹͣѾˣֻҪתӱоƺײʲô
ǸžԼݣͷǸҪ뿪ֱȴһֻݵ׽ס
ôððʧʧģʲô
Ȼ޲̧ͷղų嶯֮ȴޱȹ˼ɵˡ
ܡǸֻóԼĴ;ȥͲá
滳ҵĿ⣬΢΢ۣʱƬţôڹ˾
緹ôʵ
ûСʶػش
һɡ滳˵žߣûء
뼱ȥͣ滳ĳǷǳ͵ĺɫȷӡ
ܣҳʱûܵԥ˵֪Ҫ뿪ʱô滳顣
滳ЦЦ򿪳˳ӸԼܾԼ֮ʵ˳ֻ˺档
ӿ滳Ŵǰ׳һ䣺ѾܵˣϷš

һʱԣ滳ʲôʱ֪ͨģô߲쵼ȥ֪ͨݣĳСǵϷŲһŲõô룿
޵ܲԼԶһ㣿
ʲô滳ӺӾ￴вղų˵֮󿴵һ⣬ԼߵԱ߶֪
ܶͺáȻܾܾ뻹ִ֪ģܲ滳ǰԼϲʲô˼Ҳǿһˡ
ǡõʮ·ڣ滳ͣµȺƣǲһ䣺ôڹ˾
ҡˡţܲԼ˭ɣ
滳鷢Ӽʻ΢׵˭

벻Լ죬滳ȻԼ˭
û̵õش滳һҰɣҪݡԡ
ǣⲿϷһݺõġɫ
ȻѾˣپܾԵСÿ˶ӦһôڼסƷΪʱžͱƷãҲⲿϷıյϷ·
滳ƳһۺӾ߻һǳĻȣĿԴ
ͣһװµĲſڣ滳߽ȥؿŷ滳к֮ת·滳ǳˡ
뿴һ滳飬ЩȻԵù㲻úС
滳ƺĿ⣬˰ҲÿٷҪɽ亣ζġ
û˼ŷϣ滳˼û˵
ʵ뷨޿ɺǵģҲô࣬ӦһǲѡΪȫ޷ݵλ
ǻ뾪һ㣬滳ֵҲв嵭ΪЩľƵ꣬ĴӦøһЩ
ǺܺãԶ˴׷ЦЦȻ֮ǰҪԼԼȥĳһҾƵ꣬Ի
ǼҾƵ滳еġЩľƵꡱ滳Ƿô
ΪʲôеôӹףŮȴµţŮ·ίоСĸо
ʱű򿪣½ųȥ
ʲôʱģѿʵղû滳ѽ
·ϵȺƵʱһ·ʱ䳤ûҪ˷ѡ滳һ˼нԼҲͷ
ѵȻҲ֪滳ִ˼ҵǣҲģʳ޲㲻ٶ໰
ֻǻ۲滳ԷҲǳϵƣгĳȣԷױ¶Ϊϰߵľٶ滳鶼ţ̫˹֣ȴҲƽ˼ǰ⡣
Ůˣû취ĶϵһҲǿġ
лҪ˵룺ܣϹܲԶһ㣿
滳飺ܣڻԶһ㣬Ҳǡ



滳𣬳ԵñҪһЩֽǣײͶĿ⣬Ǵ˴˼ѸƿĿ⡣
Ǽʱ˷Ӧϸ֮ȴҲܵóǼֲִ١滳ЦЦʣֽŵǰ뿴ʹ󷽷Ŀ
벻˼طֻ꣬Ǿ㱾˸˵ģкܴ𡣡
˵ģ滳΢΢üڸӡȫ෴ô
ϸ붼֪ǿʳȦһУ˵ĵطͻ޷žġ
ʵû˵滳̫飬û˵ΪˣֻǴıӦһֺǧС㣬ٲԼйǣ
š˼ţ˵ڸҵӡȷʵ̫һ
˵ңǰңһЩ滳ȤʣȻ̫ûй˾ˣ˽´ʲô֪
Ȼʵ㡣϶ȴģɵػشɵǰ˵̫࣬Ȼ˳Ÿȥ
滳鲻ÿɷ۵˼ů⣬ԱôصƬ˵ҿ㡣
ֻһ䣬ȴƺ˱ʲô˼㣬æܷģҽûȥ˾ҲûԹ
ļУ˵ǹĨǣʵ˼öԷԼȥ滳ôƽ׽ˣҲǴڵġ
滳鱾ǳɫȴЩվ΢΢ۣĿԶĴڣ˵ҪһǷб˼Ҹ˵ʲôʲô
Ӵ鱻ȥӶŵʱӦòĵ
ǵû˵ʲô滳ˣָ뿪ֻٴҪʱ滳鰴ס˳š
ܣ
ʻҲÿ˵һ仰Ҫһº档滳鼸ĵȴɫϳš
ܾò̫׽滳飬һǻ쵼ˣɷԾɲԼľܴһ˵Ӧø־룬һǶԶȴַ·á
ĲԼΪʲôҪϣ
ķΧΪ滳ʻЩΣתͷܺܡ
ƽʱżҲȥ񣬵ȴδ滳飬ҼҴҵʢ⼯²ҵԪԶֹһֹ˾οĿǰѾ˵滳鲻ó
ҲԺ󾭳ڹ˾ҡ滳ʳָָôỵ̂Ȼڴع
벻滳ֵҰͻع˾ȻԼƬ
롰šһĿƵӹĸ¥Щųӳ滳Ĳ
صͣ滳û˵ʲô뿪Լĳʻ뻪
޿룬û˵ʲôִŵµľͷԾȥױ任ϷɻױʦױصƬ
㣬ôˣ
Īεڳ˼룬ֽ⿪ϷϵĿӣɤӺûʲôϷѡ
ɫϵ֮⣬һصɱݣ˶Ϸݻǳ࣬뾭Ϣʱȥ˼Ӧȥݡ
ˣȥ֮ܵѹǳϷƵǰ棬û뿪Ƭ»ȥɵȱһĪһ߶һ߰ɢ䵽ǰĳ£󣬿¶İ۾ĵװ̾ɫ
֪ˡ벻˵ʲôӦһ䡣
Īչ鲻֪̫飬ûһȸԾˣþû߷ˣȥĶˣ
ˣԸ绰ѽҼǵϻĥ롣Ȥ
˵߷㣬ȷһʱûôϵˣϴ˵ʱɹ߷ȥسһֱҲû
ֿЦǲѵüһҪͨ㣬ʶĪξϴҲ֪ģ߷̽ʱ˺룬浽ڶ˽ϵ
߷ˣӦòϣ̫޹ʿȥϵԼɣôƢظ롣
ʵҲûôѽӽ̾˿ְֻĻ̫֪࣬òø߹߷㣬Ҳ֪ôӺ˵
Ϸ࣬صҵʱ򲻹ߵңЩʳ伢֮Ī߷㣬ԥƬֻ̻ͨ˵绰
ι롣
绰ͷŮŹ߳ºͣʹأҹﶼоů
߷㣬æôôһ䣬߷㵽ԼͬԼĲõϷģĹɾͲôòˡ
æѾصƵˡ߷㲻ɫͣеıʣļС
꣬ʵҲûʲôʲôʱһԸþûˡ
߷һǣľıտڲԣ¼ۡ
ǴСһ𳤴ĿʻתĳĬԣ߷㿴ȴΪ
룬һǾ仰ʲô飬ǧҪҡ߷㶣̫˽ڵˣ˹עţζ鷢顣
ã֪ȻڴӦֻǲ֪ôӺ˵ˣ˶ֵƾôˣ
Ȼƾǹ߷ѣÿʱȴҲò࣬ǵһι߷˵ܻ½ˡ
Ѿ¶ˣһȥ֮һʱͶ顣߷㾡ŵɣԼꡣ
ÿ˵ƾƵʱ߷㶼̸ǿܿʵûҪ̸۵ϿκеӦе̬
㿼Ǻôƾơֵиô뻰ЩһֻҲȭͷ
ƾƻ⣬Ź߷ȫ޶ţΨһĿܱǹ߷Ӷ
߷Ȼǰɫ𽥰ˣĿȴûش޺˸ĸ¥ͣڴϵӳԼ
º͵˿һĨЦԼƽ˵Ǻˣƺܺá
趼ŮȻáòѧڳˣ˼ŵԡ
Ʒأ׷ʵ
߷Ժ棬ջǱ΢ЦҲܺá
ˣһתǽϵıǩ滳µıǩ
ĺǣڻֶ˸ƾƣȰ˵߷أ
룿Ĭ̫ã߷㲻òѯʡ
û£ղŲСĳ˶ѡ˺±ǩ󻺲߻طڴߣ滳绰㹤ġ滳顱֣߷㣬ٿǿǣҪΪ˹˲͹˲ĸֻΪԼȥ¡
ڹ߷ľжʱ򣬵βһŹ߷ɵڶ滳顣
뻰ĵԣ߷ͷһů⣬˵ã֪ҺܿͻȥˣʱȥƬ㡣
ĪŹ߷Ҫ绰ʱ򣬹߷ɴͺĪΣĪΰÿΰźõг̶һݣ˹߷ųʱȥ롣
ʱ͵һ㣬Ȼ̫ΪҰˡ뿪Цʵ߷㲢ֻԺգٶƽҲȳ۵öࡣ
ǾôΪȥɣʡǾЩС̫ࡣ߷һ仰˵ð٣һЩ˼ɣЩã֮
ûʲô£ģ˯ɡȹ߷Ӧһ˵绰
ſƿűǩٶȰֻĻǩϵһһ룬档
лҪ˵ڲŴδϱĵ绰룬֪ĻҪҷź2333

ڰ

ƬԱΧһȦ˵ʲôʱصͷ϶޵Ŀ
粣ղǶε񲻵λϢһ֮ġǿѾߣûб¶֮ǰӦýãڽӦôİ䵭ô
Ŀ˸֪ˡ
̧ۿһ˵룬벢ûΪ޵ĻͷԼһۡ
תͷ룬죺ղһαֺܺã״̬
ӲĶԱͺֺõ״̬ԵҲԡȦﻹֻ̫öĻȴ෴ѣ˵̫ޣòҪЧ
ֻױʾԼˣ޻⣬ֽɢˣǸϢ
һߵ࣬ӹ˸š
룬㻹ǳסѹɫȴղǰ˼֡
ĿһݣĿӣŭתΪûôġ
֮ǣҲôеûţû¡
㡭ױݾµԵЩŤ˵ЩʲôǰȴĿԼ
롣߷ĿֱԽ粣΢Ц
߷㣬ˣôңӭǰ˲佫粵׵Ժ
ǰ˻ô㾪ϲ߷΢Цδɢȥؿһ粣ЩοʱôС㡣
Դ精ѣ߷ҲκƺҲ׵ġС㡱
ֻùЦԹ߷㣬ɵӣŹ߷Ϊ룬Լֻк档
߷״粣һʵʲôʱߣ
һϷܿͺˡ
ã㣬һԷ߷ѰĶԱߣıûҪղǼµ˼
ţҹȥˡ˵ߣ߷̽ΣʲôοĪڡ
Īβ֪ȥջ߷˷ܼһԶԶľһ·Сܹȥ
߷㣿̽İˣ
ţȥ͵ˣ߷Դ٩ʵĪθӡǷǳһŮӣһֱûзĪε׽
͵ĪŬŬ죬Լȥһϴּѽ
߷㿴һ۴˿ڸ粶Ϸ룬º͵ضĪ˵ҳһʱˣ֪ܶò࣬ڣ˵˵ɡ
ĪȻձҵãȦһЩҲжţټǰЩӵ¹ʣй߷ղǸ̾˹߷˼
߷㣬ģ졭
߷˫Ŀֱӳڵ粣Īߵ˵˼䣬ĿתЩ̶ͬ㲻ɿ⡣
һϷĶԻ精޵֮״̬ƣûñ˽㡣ûйͣжױ·뿪Ƭ
ûп첻֪ʲôǴīͿ־ԼŵšҪ֪䲻ʲô÷ϵӰ󣬵ƾǰһȴҲǺ켫һʱôŵ˿ûм
Ųͣڹ߷ԣ߷תͷĪΣȻȥ»Է㿴Σ
Ī֪߷Ҫ˵ЩʲôµϹ߷ı۰գգۣһƤĹģ߷㣬˵ģ»صң㡣
ˣĪγ˳֮ⲢûйǶԹ߷㼫ΪĽټ˵߷ҪЩȻҲһЩҶľٶ
ãҼˡ߷ĪεԴ
һȥˣ˹߷ı֤Īαȵõıﻹ˷ܡ
͹߷ĿĪ뿪ͣЦЦһ۹߷㣬˵ôһܻӭ
߷㰴³Կϵң˼֮Ц˵ƽʱ̫ˣֲ˹㻹лң
˳ڸʻʶ꣬Ȼعס
˵Щʲôɣóֻδü壬ĪǲǸ˵ʲô
߷һ˿΢Цʣô
˽ͬģҲ˽롣
ӻʻţ΢΢ͷȥм̬֮ɫӳڳϣ㱼ǰҲ͸ôһˡ
ֻǲ֪ô㣬Լͷ˵
ܲ߷㣬߷гʱй˲ϵʱҲҪǿľ
߷ͷҲصؼ˳ĺڷ¶ɫȴüͷֻ̾һֱҶ㣬һѾˣҵĲȣǱĵطأЩô
ôһ˳̫಻óܵĶ߷˼ҲԸԮ֣Ǵʼ붼ûн̫İ
ұ֤»ˡĿڹ߷ĲӲԵ±ԹҲˣΪûʵԾٶȻ˾飬ҲĬ
һΡ߷ɲתͷһյºͣǿ
ϧ仰Ѿ˵̫ˡ
ȣЦһθ˵仰ˣұ֤һΡ
ÿ˶ûκùԼʱΪԼĵֻΪԭ޶ԡ
ͣͬô߷·ǰУ˳һ䡣
ֻܾԾͺˡ첻٣ֻŻȥ֮߷רĿĲ
һֱã߷ǳ໹綼̫ҸŮˣѹֻƾֻӣŮ̫ʺȢؼˡ
߷һҳȥͣó֮˲¥ķ̬ãҪһͬʣעʱһЩ̽羫ӢȦˡ
ǣ˿滳ĺԣȴʼδġ
ԣĺŲ˵оţȻһ̧۷滳ֱԼ
ӴĺüⲻСôλ߷ܣ
ͬ̽ʿ˵߷㲢̫Ҳ罻棬Ȼġ
ĺԵк߷һʱѯ룬Լ֪ҲͰˣôĺԵģҪ֪ĺԵɲô
ε򴽣μ֮滳飬ĺֻǵڶȷʵ̫ϲ
滳ѹ߷ıֶҪʾĺԲҪԣĺȴһٶ˵ȻˣһɣҲǲʶǾô
ˣĺȴֻǿ߷룬û滳
߷۵һ˿һţȴûܾ̾ٴο롣
ĺͬ뱾ǲԸģʶؿһһֱû˵滳顣
滳˵ͷʾͬ˼˵ðɣϣûдŵλ
лҪ˵С

ھ

ȻᣬĺüЦȻʱ۾ȴһֱŹ߷㲻š
߷Ȥղ۵׵ųĺԿһȦ۱ڮϵĹȴ˵ģΨ߷㣬Щ¶Լǰ
뵱ȻѡȥĺԵԱߣԾ滳ԣ߷ֻĺߡ
ĸ˷ֱԼĲͣߺѹĺΪˣȻ̫á
СƯӾҪƯöࡣĺ۾Ҫճȥˡ
۽ۺʱΪ/󣬼˿ɫǳˡ
ĺȴһ˵ôأŮҿɼöˣ˭ǿױģ˭ʵϵģһ۾ܿСģǿʵеļƷ
䣬㴫ȣ滳ƽɨһۣ˼Բ
ĺֻϵôôûȤ߷滳èǷ֪Ҳ˵滳֪ɷ׷ᣬȻ֪Լ⣿
벻֪ܲ滳ݣµʱȻûԼߣѡ滳ߣϷԽԽˡ
ҵѣĺԣϴûüܡ滳΢תͷ˵
ȻĺԵĴȦﲻŮ˸ĺйϵȻ滳ͷȻҲҪҵѣ߷㡣
߷ʱȴע⵽滳ôʣϴΡ
ܣþò߷ʱʷĵף滳к
֮ǰһϸոռ滳飬Ҵк⡰þòȷʵû˵
С㣬иҪĽ𡣡ĺԺȻʵ
Сʡ
֪ûأĺԾΨ²һ㣬껹аʾԵؿ˿滳顣
ֻǶԼֺ棬δ뵽ʵ˵ûУڲ㡣
ûĺ˵һԵĹ߷Цԭ˽ôȤ
ĺЩ¼˾֪̽绹ȦһЩйϵ߷ʳǸ֮˾ԣѲ룿
δ̫ţֻʰˡĺԼ״°̾Īˣ
ˣĺԡ滳ֹĺԡ
ʱҲǵĲһһϣ㲻ټղŵĻ⡣
һٳԵĸ˸˼Ҳ̫Ρ
߳ʱĺؿ˿ڣСãҪҪȥ
лл߷ĳȥĽŲ߷λŲЩǶĺӰ
ǰ滳ȴͷûп
ûȷƺ֪ʵ룬ҲͷӦţûС
鱾þʹ˸һ䣬滳ķӦȴǣͣ½Ųתӣȥ
˻һ߷ɻأĺϲּӦ
ĸ˽ãĺԵҵС㣬Ҳûпô
򳵻ȥ滳鲢ĺԵıԹڽҪһ˵ǷͲɡ
ǡ
ܲĻȥɡ߷ЦŴĺԣɫƽЦ
ɻԸٽ⣬滳˼޷ıˡ
Ǻã߰ɣҽҪ̹ܵĳĺקŹ߷ͣߡ
չһսǣ߷˦ĺԣü
ƺܲңôҳòÿĺԺЦشսζĿŹ߷㡣
ÿôܲÿ߷䲻ͬɣò߷㲻ò϶ĺԵòҲѷɫֻĺϵḡ̫֮أγĶԱȡ
ÿ޹ء߷㾶ֱǰ棬֮ղŶ˼䵭
Ȼÿ㲻࿴ҲͰˣôңˣĺԽڹ߷֮ϸʻ
߷оԼü̫ãü䶼ЩʹĺδҸо̫Щ
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ܣôҲΣҵĹ˾кͲѺңǺýô³ǰĺ˵
߷ƳһۣҺӦûʲôýģϲģҲȤ
谵ĳﱻ·ļ́ĴָĨĨ޵Ĵʲôҿ㣿ͨ㣬ȥӽ룿
߷͵һתͷĺЦ۵סȷʵĺκιϵӸղڲ״󲿷ԭΪ롣
Ȼ㲻öУԭеġĺԲ߷ķӦܿӣ˸Լˡ
滳ܹʱάһιϵҲǻʲôֶȥıϵˣ߷ӡƺ̫ˡ
Ǹ߷֪ԼıѾԼĿôֱ׵ıĺ˵ҷܻԼˡ
ȻԸǾˣˡĺһϵ˳
ֻһֱŹ߷ĳβƣֱʻ붼ûŲŲ
ʹܴ룬ȴ߷ĸԸظԸǿ˭
滳鱾֪סһ·Ҳû˵뿴ĬҲĬ
쵽ʱŵ˵⣬ĺûж⡣
ᡣ벻֪ĺԵ⣬ҲʹȻ
ʵ⣬Ҳͦġ滳黰һתʵûôΪѵģҲ㡣
Ƕ໰֮ˣ̽˽£¹غļͥͲòôһˡ
滳˵⻰ʱ뼸һװƽһ滳飬滳黹רĿųղŵĻƺֻһʰˡ
Ǳʣʲôף滳гͲһˡ
ûľӾԼߣʹûΪߣȴҲʶӱù¡
ûС뾲ģԴû뵽ҲİԾ񡣡
һ֪滳һáƽͷ̵ĻشǴؼĲϡ
ϵ鱨ϵݣ滳ӦǺߡԼɷҲòµŮˣҲѹˡ
һʰˣϾСҲǱȽܻӭˣЩ滹˵ùȥġ滳Ļ˵ɫȻԼղʹΪԵ˽̽׾ͽԼʵ뷨ڸǹȥ
ʻСĿһֱ滳飬ò˵ûУʹҪУҲ֪ˡ
Ȼ滳鲢֪Ϊ뻹ʶΪԼ粵š
ס¥ͣ˳滳ЦԭСʶ˲ܴ㡣
ûпƣ¥ƣֻܿڰ滳ȴĲˮһۣ֪ԼɷıѣǺã
ʵ޷滳ŭӣ˵ʱʮֵȻż΢ЦҲûм۾ҲȾЦġһ죬滳˵ŮǧټƵҪñѵ˻ͷô
Ѿ˵Ķ滳᲻Ҫأ
ллһлĻһ͡Ц˵Լ͹߷ۣĸˣһ滳ˡ
á滳Ŀ³ʳָôŷ̡
һεĻᣬӦûеġ
лҪ˵루ܴҵĲϹ㡣

ʮ

Դһ̩͵ʱѹ滳Ҫӵ֮滳ü춼̩ܿļ档
һ˶һ֮⣬ϰ༸̩յ滳뿪ˣ˵ϼ仰
Ҳˣ滳龡ܿٵؽԼͣҪ뿪ʱȴɡ
裬ôô磿滳æվԼԵӣȥһ
ʹˣ˯һЩ˯ˡºЦŽӹꡣ
У軹ء滳Ҳ¶Цݣɵʱû̩ʱ࣬СҲôˡ
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⼸죬ǲֵˣ
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ʱ˶Ȼܾ滳ϴӦĵȴ˼ŸǺá
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ûô֣Ӧǰˡ滳£һ
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裬ĺԵˣһȰġ滳æɡ
ĺԲʲô۵ˣۺҶ̫ϣҲ֪ôġ
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ڵ⡰һաҲÿ˶ܵõġ
˼ţ滳鳵ƽ𽥰
ŴκŮ˷ϵȻǴһΪǡɳ򲻻ˡʶǲӦõģǾͲˣɧ롣
Ȼĺ˵ģԭѵΪԼô
ΪĻٴ̼ҪѰֵܹĶ󡣵鱨ϵŮҲȷʵҪ󣬰ڵ롣
ͣʱ滳ӵĺԵĵ绰սԼһЩʱ˵һư̾ĺһˣǸŮˡ
ĺԣôˣ滳ѡǸֱʲô¡
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ֲɸ֣ĺҲ̫ˡ
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·ȳĬ滳Ͼ籾ʵ룿أ
ǣϣܻ粡
滳һ־֪·ȵ˼ΪϴΡ¹ʵԭ
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⻰ޣʵȴǳֱסΪ뾭ȴҪ󳷻粣ټһ仰ͷֱָϴ¹Ϊ⡣
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·滳ãǷ·ܶһеĿаû֤ݡ
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˾ǩµ̬ϽģһҲһֱӸ߲£ֻ޺滳ͷùԡľ籾ַһҳ
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滳Ҳֹ˼ڰ칫ıԵͷϾ籾ĵһҳӳľ粵֡
һμʱΪԼŵĻԾȻǰ
ⲿϷһݺõġ
ûУʹҪУҲ֪ˡ
ллһлĻһ͡
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롭һ
±ûԥ滳粵صػһбܡ
лҪ˵СƤˣҪܸһ

ʮһ

滳ӦĺҪȥҳԷڼﴦһЩ飬ؾǰ
ŮӶ˰滳һ¥ͻصĺԵѾ˼˵ķǰֻ
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óȥڰĩ˻Һúڼ˯ôĺһߴֻϷһ˵
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滳æк壬̡
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֪滳򽨰غŸꡣ
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˳û̫⡣滳˵ǴϵģǵС£ֵó˵
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滳Ѿ̳վȽŸʱ̩ʤһӲ꣬侲ȣһĺ˵ʮ㡣
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㻹˼˵򽨰һɸֵӣϽҸ˴ؼҪеġ
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ҡĺһ˦֣һһ߱Թǲʶġ
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лҪ˵ϰ壺ģһῴĺԵġ
С㣺ͷİɣһ^o^
бҪѸƤչһ

ʮ

֮߷һֱ鲻ȥ룬ƾദĻᶼ١γŹһ䣬ŴӦ˺ƾƹ͡
ƾ̫òΪ׽󲻾ã߷칤æƣ˯˹ȥʱѲƾƵӰ
ڴͷ볨ķһƬĿĲ˼֡
ϵʱ䲻ʮ࣬߷𴲻һ·һ׾ͳš
Сλڽߣҹ죬мġ߷££죬ӭ漲һλ޽ЩףԼӵˡ
ôأ߷ЦŴ˸к
ƾ˷ӣˣһЩסڸҲʶ٣ס¥µġ
ɲͣ½ŲеĴӣϺŶ˵Եģ˵ģĶԼĺã
߷ע⵽ϵĴӣЦ˵ǡ
С֪ģǵĶҲТ˳С˵Ǹ඼ǾסȴаѸĸӽġ
ҵ˵˵ҹٳԣʹˣӹǿɲˡС㣬ҲǣؼҳԷԸ
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ֻżȥ˾ʱôˣ벻ԣҲûд֮ǰ滳ԭг
ԭˡ߷΢˵ģֶǸĺ̫ȦҲû
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ڹ߷˵ԣҲһǸĺйϵ˶ԼȥԸģĺԴδչ˭
һϣĺԵǱҪжˡ
ģҶ͵ĲȤƺӡͦõġ
ô˵ҲڴȾ︡ˣͬ٣ų⣬ȴҲ֧֡οĺˣҲȤ
ӣŻϲһЩ۴κηëҴº񣬲ġ
Ůô롣
ʶҽӴƺС
лҪ˵߷һĮ˵뵽Ů˭

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˻ԴͼԺ滳˦ȥ
ôˣ߷Ȼҡͷһʡ
ûʲôֻ롭ҪϲŮ˵ĻҲġǰһ΢̧߷°ͣ޵ƯԸ˳òнŵҲĺŮѽ
˵İֲ٣ҪϲŮˣҲҪǹ߷ģЩŮ˵Ķ壬߷Ҳֺ
ΪʲôһʱԺ滳飿ռָ̾滳ĲƽŻ뵽ɡ
߷㡰ҡһĵ֣ӯЦ˵˵
ҿû˵ƾưǼŴˡļת˸ǰߡ
ƾƣ߷ɫЩѸٻָܶûиƾϵˡԴƾƲ֮֮绰٣ƾƶ뿪Ϊ˾£ȥ
ˣȥɡ߷ͻЦ˵ƾƣѾʲôˡ
»ع֮ǰ˵һҾЩǸԼĸ׺һôãй߷ڣӢһȵԼŻԷ
ãˣϽȥɡ߷ߴȥΰ̵һ磬Ҳһʱûˡ
뼱æȥֻӢɳ棬鰲Ȼ
Ӣ˵꣬ΪʱٵӺãõϡοƯŮ䱾Ҳǲġ
衣
Ӣ̧ͷΪüҶȾЦ߷ˣ
šӢߣ̾裬߷Ҫˣô
һӢʱ򣬹߷㻹û˼ҺƼгﱸĴ㣬һȴ˶֡
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߷ӾҲԼŮˣ£ǲ˵
뿴ӢϵĹƤһһر⣬ĬŲ˵
Ӣõŵ˵˾ȥϴ裬˯
ǵÿʱܻס죬ӦҲ⡣ȻˣЩϢĺá
裬ⲿϷɱˣҲûʲô£ʱ䶼סߣա
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Ӣ˷ϢҲصӢصԼķ䡣ΪԶòӢֿסΪԼһʲôӰӢ
ڰʱͺӢңӢõǮ㹻ǵعһӡҲȫعܹģӢڳ֮ѵõƬóһ֣½˻ȥ
ҹž˶˼ҹʮų˯ȥصʮǰҡ
ѧ鷿İְգͬѧǶôһĶûڿϣѧһسУţ׼ȷҵԼԼĳ
Ϊƿ鷿Żῴĸһ㣬¸ߴ壬ſ˫Цеص˹ȥȻվ
ǰûţ鷿ŹصòʵʳָһƾͿһ졣룬ְֽôôżŶûغá
Ӣ֪ҶԲ㣬ѾҵĺӣСˡˣ֪İְ˭
Զض룬ЩŨĿ벻С˭
ˣ꣬ǺǡӢôᣬƽʱ˵һֻóѹûмӢѹӡ
߾񹭼һ̴࣬С˭Ϊʲôְô˵ôѹְֿǸ˭
鷿ãӢ׻۵ģɡ
顣
˵ͰְֵĹϵǷޣǻϵԼͰְֵĽᾧô飬ǲټĹϵˣô
ͰְֲǷޣôԼأ˭ĺӣǲǾҪɹ¶ˣ
ƿܹȥԶССſ첲Զ޺ţְ֣㲻ҪҺô
ôְ˵ҪһֱԼһÿ껹ҪԼգǸС˭Ǹ˭ƾʲôðְôԼ裿
ԶӢΪʻĬӢ۵ײһ˿ϣϣԶܸߺӣǲֿԶֿ
ȻԶž޴ʹ࣬ȴԾɶûб룬ͷˮ
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ܵ˴Ҫȥˮ輸ŵӰ˰Ρ
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ЩжԼˣˣǶǸж಻ƽʱǻ᲻ţҲҪʹˣȻһġ
ÿϣְλߵ֮ͬڴȻԣÿ˶СĴڡΪÿ˶ƽȵĴڣ˲Ϊ㸻һЩƶһЩͻõԴ
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滳ųĹԴ鱩¶֮Ĺ
ǰżĹճΪĹȱܶ
ʱֻ̾ϢЩΪȨƶЭŮˡ
滳鿴ĶŷĵڶϣɻţôڰҹԼĶţ
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滳벻ͨҲû˼ںļ֪Ӧøظʲôݣƺظʲôʺϡ
ʱҪȥȴˡ
裬ôˣ滳æӭȥӹеıºС
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µ̯֮⣬滳Ҳ˽Ż״Լҵģǲܽĵˣʹɷ򣬵Ȩı˽ʵ
ȳԷɣ˾ˡɴߴ滳緹滳ڱ滳輸ߣ滳ص칫
滳˳ɳϴʳУֻһݲ;ߣʵ裬Թ˲ųģ
ţڼҸֳԹˡ˵ֲ߶滳飬ǳԷʱ䶼ǹ̶ģѽʱæͲ緹ˡ
滳һСƬƬŽЦŷֻǳԵ˵㣬вԣ裬㶼ǴҲԷ
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Ψһһž̩ձӣ滳ƫƫûƵģ֪ô˫۾ڶԼһ
滳ĬĬŷʵ裬֮һ˶Իң˻ֵùô
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滳꣬ղʶüͷŽչѾȷ۵㣬ֻҪһԼ뷨ȷģҲӦõġ
飬ΪʲôȻôʣŷӦ滳ˣʲôҡ
ûеģ衣滳żסԼ֣ο˵ڹأˣղǸһҵġ
ԭˡ˿Ҳˣڵĺѽһ뷨ɲܱˣʲô㣿
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ãͳԡ滳Է˼ȴһһسš
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Լҹ˾漰֡ȵǷ㡣޸̾滳ǮҪ׬ˣԼ࣬Ϣʱ١
滳ԣ˵ܵķ˿»֪ȫĲ֮һ˴ǵܵܵһϷɱˣôҲøصķ˿һ㸣ҡ
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ˣǵþǸ֪ͨԱԼİվߣɻû緹⹤Ű
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ʢֹ˾ÿһεɱҲʢ¾Ƶٰ죬һΡɱ࣬ȻҲ⡣
ټӵвʱмˬʵЦõְԱеΧڲԣеĶžƱһա
һεûǹ˼ĳ̲סͻ
ԶԶһͷˣŲ˹ȥ
룬ôˣôȥӸղ´ǽ֮ûټˡ
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滳Ӧúúõģ´Ҳһݣڶû޵߶䣬ҡͷ档
Ҳô׷һ䣬֮ǰ˾ĵϷɱɴδμӹɱ磬ֻǰź᳡أԼЩ
˵˵Ҳ˵ʱ䣬˭֪ǲʱˡ
תͷ޿ͬһ˵ܲ٣ܲٵ滳Ӿͷÿ·һյůɫĵơ˸ʼ壬·ӲȾĻֱߵ޵ǰ
Ǹʱһ飬ֱڲŽ;Ҳûа취֪һ滳кǸ⣬ƽʱˣֻǽ˸⣬ŵʧˡ
ҪҲѾˡ޲ӭʵҪҪ˵ʲô
ˣⷽ죬Ҳ߸滳֪ԼҲҪ´ǵģϾΪ˾߲㡣ںԱ֮ĳ滰ȷʵ̫óԵ˵ĵûʲô
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ܣЦʲô滳ϾǼΣйҶԱ˴ӡ̣ȻҲôΡ
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һ滳ĿĻһݸ룬ܵ㣬һ֪ô
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ҵĳ滳鰴ԿϵңԼ򿪳˳
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ҪлԺȻЩʲôתͷ䣺Ϊʲô֪ס
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滳ҲȰ˵̣ȥɣҲ档һǱ߳һգؼԺ˺üء
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лҪ˵С糡
裬ҡϱˡԥԥ˵ضӢϵĲ˵
ãҽ滳飬Ѿ飬һͺá滳󷽷΢Ц
ӢŲ˵ƽ뾪û˵衭³
˭֪ǰȴ˵ɸֵôòŴҰˣ˵ڲ˯

ʮ

滳鶼ô˵ˣӢҲټ֣ðɣͻ͵ˡ
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ӢҡͷЦкվŵ滳£飬һûܺúд㣬ʵڹⲻȥ
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Ҳ֪ΪʲôʹӦ룬֮Ѷ㲻ϣ֮ǰĳƺǡܡ֡
Ӧò˰ɣӢʳ⣬滳ʸ߷ЩƣҲǳҡ
ǣ˾һ滳龡˼ķʽԼݣӢ֪Լϰ壬ദûôˡ
ӢͷЦЦ⺢ӣƽʱû鷳öлﰢտˡ
ᣬ˺ܺá滳鿴һ۳ķÿóմ룬תͷ˵һͦɵġ
ȷһֵˣҲһʼ滳ĿĲҪ̫ദ֮Щʵ迴ô
滳ӢЩʲô벢̶ֻ֪ʱӢ滳˵ţǽ鷳ˣʱĻߣ´ΰ̸óԵġ
û滳ӦԶԶؾˣ衭㶼˼˵ʲôأ
һμĵô滳Ҳûа㲻ͣûʲô⣬ܾӢ滳Լйء
ûʲôϵѽԺӢ֪滳֮ǵè壬ôһ䡣
滳鵹ûȴǴ˸һλУϹˣһع⣬ǹ˵ϣ涼ɵˡ
ĸӼɷĶ󻹻ɫģ̶Ҫ֮죬Ȼһ޶ϵ뾡취ɷġȻܿ滳ӹ׵Ůˡ
һʺһȻӦҲһ𵹵ǿȥġ
һô滳߽ʵֻ涼Ÿûʲôͬ
ԣһġæӸӢȻԼһߡ
滳עӢ꣬ԼŸŶꡣһԹ۲ţԼĸ䲻ǳԴ˼ңʱҲСұоֹڼ޽֮Ե󷽡
滳ǲǳͨһ棬ϸ߹ϢԾɲ֡˵ʵǶ˳ĳ𣬶һϵԽյһиȾ
ܿʲô滳̧ͷƳһۣĿ䲻ͣԼϵʱȴԽԽ
˲ʱЩ̬Ӣӵ֮˽֮ô룿
裡棡ˣæ˳
Ժ滳ǰôˣڳ߷ߵ룬֮һ˹
ԺΪʲô滳ԼĿôһҲǻᱻƷġ
Ӣ¿ӣЦ˵⺢ӽ컹ˣƽʱ߷ûôߡ
ӴС浽󣬱˴˶ϤˣȻҲʲô滳ǸʶõģٻЩŲ
ô滳ζطʣӢôһѣ滳뵽ֻԼ̬Ҳûһʼ롣
Լô׶Բأļеһж˽óףʶɲԼھãʹ¶Ҳʲô
ȻЩôϾԼɧ˵ӡ
̣Щ춼סһô滳ʵǵžǰҹԼġ
ţ˵һϷɱˣϢһʱ䣬պ⼸գ͹סˡ
ԭ滳һϸƷϲζ
ȻסΪʲôҹԼһţ
滳һζһ΢ĶŲ˺ģҪ֪ÿ춼յָĶšǰ׵ģ඼ԼģôʱģԣΨһ֪ԭ
ʱ滳ĵ绰ˣֻƳһ۾Ϳٰȥ˭֪ٴ滳ɴٴιҵȻظһڿᡱĶš
飬ôˣӢ滳ü
ûʲôɷĵ绰Ѿظˡ滳鵭˵ֻ˵ʱʶؿһ³ķ
ӦǵôɡӢﲻȣԭ滳Ѿˡ
ôҲӦøˡ滳վӢллл̵дУտ֡
ãáӢҲٴ滳֣˽ɡ
滳ͬ⣬ȷҪһܸĻᡣ
Ӣ߽ѵͷڹг˵ȥͻ飬ʰͺá
ǸеŤһֱӢƵ˼ſڣ滳Ѿվŵˡ
߰ɡһĨЦ⸡滳Ĵǣǰš
һֱ¥ףŸ滳ĽŲ滳һĸղŵĺɫĬš
ĵʤ¹峺ֹ࣬סŲܡ
ţ滳תͷ߻ȥ
ղ˵鷳ģϣ֪ݡ̬УЩϽ
滳ζʵ֪鷳ʲôͼұϡ
ҡô֪鷳ʲô
УղڼﲻСܡڳˣһһˣ滳鵭ȻһЦסмܲסľ̬
п಻ͲӦð滳ⲻǸԼô
滳ʱòˣߵߣĿ͵ʣҷţΪʲô
šϸ룬һָ滳鷢͵ĶݾԾȻԺ
лл
ԼʱлʲôƺΪˣǽÿһˣ˲ƽһҲǡ滳˵ģԼǸ벻ģҲǼٵġ
ƾһ仰ƺͶ滳жķΪӶҪԶ롣
Ҳûʲôлл㡣лһͣƬļʱ֣ټϽһˡƯ۾ǻ΢Цһ㣬ǳӡżְĽգ˿滳˾޵Ц
룬ְɡ滳鹴𴽽ǡ
һʱӦ
˵Ժ֡
˼춼ʼսв滳顱֮֡Ѿ˿ԻƺԷֵĵزôֻΪ⣿
桭ҡ
ˡ滳Ӧ뷨ɣֻҪܡ
ҲȥѣΪʲôԭֻǵľദҪĹϵ
ȥɣˡ滳ڵʱ䣬صʱѾŵˣٳʮˣ߾ļҲ֪ԶԶ
ãϳʱ֪ͨˣٹȥߡ滳˻γԿףͷʾ׺󣬲ٶԼĳȥ
𳵵ƣüǳЦ͸·ĿԼ롣
ֻϵĲͼϽδʾ㿪ʾʧ֮Ϣ뿪
лҪ˵С糡
滳ϸݵָָؽǰĺڰ壬ɫյţ֡
С΢죬˫ǰţ桭桭ϱҽвڡ
滳Цݼջȥ̧°ͣȴһ˿Σյζй߷еôȻҽвڣţ

ڶʮ

ĺʱȷʵڸŰʧӰ٣ĥʱ䣬ǹ
ʵǲ֪滳ôʱԼȴ״̬ͲУÿ˾æ°࣬ص붯ʲôӣ
©ƫҹ꣬ԭ黹û꣬Ϻ͹ϵĺͳ⡣
ܣǱߵĸ˶ϵһֱûлظѾ˿һˡĳλԲžվĺԵİ칫ԣɫΪǡ
ȳȥɣĺʾȥűʸ˵ıñļУ˼
ⰸȻȥ̸ģӶȴٸ⸺˲Ӧûᶥѹȥбֹͣɡ
뵽ĺ̲ͨ˹߷ĺ롣ãƺܾûмˡ
ô߷ºдЩ룬˵ʱȻȻ׽㲻ͬ
ˡ߷㣬ʱôм㡣ĺԱһ䡰ܡ룬ԼϻضԼˣûԼҲôС
ʲô£߷һ䵭ûʻ
һ˵ҹȥ칫ңô
Ĺ߷ƺһĺ˵ûʱĻԼʱ˵㡣
ڹȥ㽻һˣҡĺһ˵һļлгԿ߳칫ҡ
ϴ¥ϴԼаСʱĳ̣ĺԵʱһ·˳˳ر߷İ칫ſڡֻǰ̨СĺԽȥ֮ǰĬһܽĻ
ȻиúҡΧʮа˸ͷŮң͸ҵİ칫ڼ¥
ߡĺΪ칫ֻй߷һˣ˭֪ȥֻ֮û꣬Ϳһпڹ߷칫ǰв
ƴ٣ټѽĺüһߵ欵ƾǰһȻѸٵû
ⲻҴСôƾվֱ壬ֹȥĺգͣǵЦȴма
ȦĽһһŮ칫Ȼ˴˶֪ԷȴΪ˵ļͥΪɣҲ˼֪Լĺ粻ҲҪֹ°ԼԽԽᡣ
ҲǾƴ٣ʶôˣ˵ϻĻȴô١ĺҲ⣬ԼദĶȴǼΪ޵ģƾ˾벻ۡ
ΪСæôƾ߽۵ŲĹ⡣
ƾƳ໹Ͽֻȫܻⳤ࣬˳е÷ǵοЩӡ
ǣ֪ͺá
ĺü߷ɵôôϲˣƾ߷һվֱ˹߷Ʒζ
ȿȡ߷˵ƾ˵ƣҸСҪ̸Ȼȥɡղ飬˵
߷һĺԣְĿƾϡ
ʵǹĺʱģƾȲҪ»£ȴԥŲòĺԵĵƾơ
Ҿ͵ϢˣǧҪϡƾԹ߷ʱ˲١
ǰһߣĺԾͰļַڹ߷칫ϡ
ܾ֮һҲûҪõӣȲ˵ƾԲģ߷Ҳûае̬˵ͱҪֳֻӹ߷ü俴ľֻеǳʲôҲûС
ʲôҪң߷ƹ칫ɳʾĺһ˵ɡ
ǹҺĳƬ¿ҵģһǹ˾𣬿ϳ⣬ʽȷ
ĺְļݸ߷㣬߷ȴ˰֣ûнӹȥ˴ǣ˫ü΢˵µй¶ҵܣѾǱˣǸոձйⷽĸˣһᾡһ˹ȥʽҲᾡ첹룬ܱǸ
ǽͷöһǹ˾£һƾȲҪ󶩻飬ͣʱ䶼ûС
ԭĺԻȻʽ˵ϴȴҲ١߷㣬ŷ̬ƣ
Ǹˣһˡ߷㺬Ц⣬˵űǸĸǰлĺԸղŵļʱ
Ҫ֪ƾһʹ˵绰˵ҪղĺԽ֮ǰѾĥӲ˰СʱûֱĿģֻǾָҲ֪Ϊʲô͵Ĵߴ٣߷㾹оԼĵķŨҡ
߷㣬ϲƾôĺԺȻѻͷ˸ϣζؿŹ߷㡣
ã߷Ů˱Ȼعأƽʱаػ˵䲻ڵ˳ܵĵزԿԸ滳еһƴ
ʹӹ߷㿴ƾƶüȥаŭ˷ǵ̣ܺгǸʵ¶
߷ܿ췴ӦȻϲ
˵ѡĺԺشϲôղôӦñֳûУ񶼺ƽֻǰαװô֮㲻Ӧô򶨵ضҡ
ЩŮǰֳȣ˶ٻαװһЩں˲ڳʱŮ˾ͻ¶Լʵ
ԣ߷ûƾ֮Цĺԡ
ĺһѪָԼı֣߷˵Ծǲܵġұ֤˿ôֱԵģĿǰΪֹֻĺһˡ
ô᲻ô߷㲻ЦЦĺԵ˫Щ̣ѲҪ㶮ð飿˵κ˶ҪⰮ飬һʣ
κ˶ʸ˵ԼΨĺûУһŪ˸ڹ֮ˣƾʲô˵ԼĺԶ飬ûи˰ɣ
ĺ΢΢ĴֳĻȣ߷㣬Ҹ㣬㻹ôңҽܶˣ١ҸЩһʱȷʵкøУֿҲΪøв٣ѲҪǿȥһӣԶԷ͹ƽô
ŵǸСҲˣһһˣˣôιϵͽʱֲǺܺôΪʲôҪԼأ
߷ͱ֪߷ӡѾٹˡʲô߷㶼Ϊ顣
ĺһ˵߷㾹һʱҲԷĻϸȴֲԣòĬ
Уһ¶һ㲻ԸҶǿȡⶫٵԸİɣ㲻鲻Ըģôأ
ĺԲӣҪĽ߷ԼĿʱָ黹ģֲͬʱܶ˽һξһʲôԵô
ˣ߷˫İͳŭⲻöģȻûˣǾ뿪ҵİ칫ҡ
ĺƲƲ죬һ˵ĿķӦվ·߷ʱָ߷°ͣ˵ģҿǸѡҪ˵ڿϵģҲ㡭
˵ձ˦¹߷߳칫ң¹߷һãһ֮ŷӦ
˭ҪĺԿϣ
лҪ˵ôôϲС糡
ǽûС糡һѸƤһ¸

ڶʮһ

ոɱһϷҲûʲôͨҪӡϾԴǲͷû֮Ҳȥһˡ
ڵƣһҪµƷܹٵǵƷ˲Żʼձס
Ӣ˲˻ڿо籾ȴһüӡ
룬ôˣ֮ǰҲûôǵӡ
Ӵ衭ɴѾ籾輸һǣ˾ſɳϣ޾ɵġ
ȥѽ
ڲ֪ͬľûô״ɫΪ˽УԼ˫ǵʲôƫƫҪݵĽɫ˵ֱףҪպе
ҪϷͱˣҿɲͨӢɨһľ籾̨֮⣬ĶһŲ⡣
˭ѽͷɳ̾һֻϵ﷭ţ׼·ȵ־Ͳ˹ȥ
룿·ǱЩƺ档
Ϊľˣ·µȻֹһƽʱг֮⣬Ҫ˵г̡
·㣬鷳ˡü˵
ԡйأ
ô֪һӾˣɳϡ
ⲿϷͷۣȴֲȥǴӦúúõһĺãҺ滳һ飬ûƵ
滳鰡޿ǰӲˡ
ɱˣûʲôͨ棬ԡ쿪ˣʲô·Цŷһ䡣
ǽЩҲ˻ΪһȵĻ⣬ĻԱǷǳкôġҲΪĵĽɣԱҲпδ֪۹
ղýɫ΢ʲôġϾǸɫ̫ˣƬĸ·ҲѰ·ͬ԰ô籾û취ģһ
룬ǲ̫עءͬԡˣŰͨƬ·ȵֻǾˣϷһʲôõĽ顣
Уת۾ԱݣͨڣǾݲЧˡ뷳꼫ˣҲ֪滳ôͬȨ治һĴ
ֱӸ۽һ¸룿·ȶ۵ӡֹӫˣϾµˣҲ࣬۵ΪȼҲۡ
뵽Ҳ֪۾Ϊʲôȥģ·ȲŵΪ滳ԼĽ顣ϾǸҪȷʵ̫Ϲ˾涨ҲԼΪһ˸ġ
ˣоо봹ͷɥع˵绰ۿɲ죬ǳֺ֪ͳ֮࣬Ҳûʲôˡ
Ӣ״߹߿οôôҪȻ㿴֮ǰĹϷҸо
Ϊ֮ǰĲһȻҪôࡣϸϲŸҪעأݲⲿϷľˡǰϷοĻҲûʲô֮ͬˡ
Ӣ룬˵һ˵˵
ɵۣһϰ֪ʲô
Ӣ滳ôżһѽһһ顱Լ
ѽӢһѵǹ˾ôҲܸһЩء
ϸһƺҲôԱݱϾ滳鶨ģ˵粲ʺϣǾͿ϶˽⣬Ҳָһأ
е˼صͷ˵߷ֻͨѶ¼һ绰Ͳ˹ȥ
û켸Ǳ߾ͽ滳º͵һ䡰룬ôˣʱԼôƺ滳飿
ܣ滳飿飿
һһ϶У滳˵˲ܣֵֻĻҲûô죬ȫ־ùֵֹġ
桭ҡš֧֧˵һģӢŶż
ˣˣֱ˵С滳һϳƵ鶼Ϊͨ绰ɢˣ˿ü·ժȥյϽ
ҡ뻹˵ڣ滳һţ֮󣬲ƹˤֱԣû취վ籾
滳鼫ἫЦһö˵кܶطô
ţҾñҪܽɫûа취ȥΪӶ/˵Ϸûиղô֧ᡣ
š滳˼Żһ۷䣬˵ô
İ칫ôǵȥİ칫ң⵹Ҫ
ڼҡ滳ֱڼ￪˸Ƶ飬֮ѾȥСʱˣ⹫˾ȥȥҲûʲô𣬱ɴڼ﹤ˡ
ҪĻȻ
ǡô뱾Ҫܾ룬滳ҲȥԼңҲǳƽˣ
ģȻ㡣滳΢΢һЦ˵ۺɽׯſڵ㡣
˵绰ȻЩոһյĹȻʼڴݵᣬ̶̼СʱĽ̸Ȼʤϰ˶Ĺǡ˾
ۺɽׯſʱ滳ĳѾȺĳ֮Լҳʻȥ
մô
滳ʵɲĩ滳黹һӣѲ̰ˣ
ǰɣסҰǱߡ滳ţûᵽ̳ϢҺ˰̶ʱ๤һ²һ㱡ˡ
߽һȥڰ輫Ϣ͵һﾪ̾Ǯ˵ĻӽһȴðһɻƲ滳ķ񣬵˵ĸо
Ը·˶Լƿ֮һ㡣Ȼ滳˵ĸоǳ侲ȴһ۱ע⵽ڲͬ
ңһסôһ䡣
Ϊʲôôʣ滳Ѱɳϣͷζʡ
ֱʼ磬Цһ£Եûʹ
ֱ׼ϵأ滳ش⡣
ľԼһױǲ̤룬κΰ輰ֵġΪάõĻϵһЩ϶ӦӦϿɡ
桭šգ򴽣ܾԼ滳֣ΪʲôӢôȻôУѵΪΪԵʣ
вھˣֱ˵滳ε˵ԼӦûôŶ԰ɣΪʲôŴνвڣ
ǿԿʼô
ţ滳鿴Թ緹ô
ˡһ治ų滳ӴһֲԸӴ̫࣬ȻҪžҪԼԽԼԽ뿪
ǾͿʼɡ滳Ҫ³ͷѴˮˮϲͷ֮ɳϴԼİó籾ﲻ
ָ״̬滳һ˿˿ƽ׽˵ϢָЩĽǶȿȴĿкڱü嵭𣬼ɫʤѩš
ô붼ȱݣ̬ˡϳ˵ĲúźţҪȥʵģϹۻζòŻ͵ԣ
ȻָǱŮˣԼ·ûȥء
лҪ˵컹ûС糡һ档
418vipҲˡvµ䡣vոոΪƵʣʱΪ8뵽10֮䡣
оǣvýϵͳȿЧеĻȡֶΪıﵽ100%ʱ72Сʱ˼˵v¶ģܿڸµ½ġȷûﵽ100%ô֮ڸµ½ھͻγɷ¡

ڶʮ

滳ûĻش, ̧ͷһŷԼ, šü, ô
뱻, æ˵ʼɡ
ɫЩȻƺǵζ滳鱻Ҵ, ƫƫζ滳ץԼ߳ܡ
˵˵Ŀ滳鿪ž籾ѯ롣
ʵҲʲô, Ǿ, ڵˮƽӦղhɫ˵
hǸƽĮ, ȴ𽥱һλŮ׿说ҵˡ
hȫǵϷӣһ𼧡/, Ϸ, ȴһϵݼ繻Ȼ¶Ϊϧʵϣh۾û˿, ݼδκ˴򶯹ġ
ϲһô滳齫ԼƵſ籾޹صĻ⡣
滳ȥ˼, ϵϲһ, ûйġֻǵ׷Լĺʺ, У㹻֡
Ӧáаɡ
ŰԼhҪȥ׿诵롣滳ʣھ籾ϰh׿诵صش˸Ȧ̧ͷ, hϲľһŮˡԥڻ֣̿ΪǵԱݣ޷עһ
ۿ滳Ư촽һһϣȷǳСʮºͣȴ˵
ǳĶ滳Ļ£ʼ˳˼·ȥߡ
ÿһܻ࣬ῴϷ̨ڴĿ׿诡ܺΪʲôǿ㣬һֱ̲סȥ̨㣬㿪ʼеĴҹ˲ͬ͵Ŀ
滳Ļ紺մ΢磬ǰسһ桭
ݼԴңսܷ˪µ긴ꡣֻ޵ذͿֻ̿ڰ
Ӫ
𣨳ǹ˺ӪԱϽӢʮأݳӪʡ
Ϸ̨ոһյŰ𼧵ǧŴ棬Ϸеݼȴݼ￪ʼӭ׶̨һĨĿ⡣
ֱ׿诱ظУžԼѾԼΪǸϷӡҪһĿ⿴̨ϵ㡣Ȼȴ׿ва󡭡
滳鿴Լȴ޽˫ۣ֪ͨԼ˹еˡֱͣã붼ûлع
룬ôֱִۣЩΪʲôҪ롣
û¡ͻȻξ˹ЦݲôȻ
ƺ̫滳ｫǸɫתԼǰһһǳ𼧡ϷִţȵҲһһӹԺ
滳վȥˮͷε˰뱭ˮصߣС̡
̵ˮģҲ񾭡΢΢ŲһЩٶȷŻز輸滳Źλã˵˼ʧ̬ˡ
Ҫ滳οҸղ˵Щ㿴籾Ӧöףôô޴أ
ֻһܽãܹȷɫķӦ͸Լ˹еˡ
Ц𽥻ָЩζţΪ̫ÿˣҲܺ
ǵãղһֱ滳ſžȻ˳滳ĻԺ︴˻ĳÿһĻʵ޷̻滳
Ҳ֪ǲǼĴˣҲûôĮһ仰滳龪ȣһŷӦ΢ﴽ˵ѹ֣㶢ҳˡ
ҡ߾˼Ҽζץţó٩ܲߣ
ڻʲô׵ôߣҪҸŵһԣ滳µʣƺ˵һҪľͻӦ
ֻ뵱ȻӦԾȵ㻹Ϸ
ᡣ滳̹Ȼֻܷյӣôһԣеס
ȷʵᣬҪҲǻǿԼһɫܽܽᣬҪݳıֿۡ
üͣβұĻȣ뵽滳飬صһ¡
СϷӣݣǰ滳ô
ܸл㡣ϵ˵˸ղһ⡣
滳ЦЦԼҲһˮôлͷлô
һ䣬ʱãԼΪʲôҪͷһ滳飿ƺÿһһμɣʹûУҲĳЩԭͻȻ֡
죬ԼΪʲô滳˽籾ðɣȷʵ˽⡣
ͣղײաڴص滳ͬ⣬ʡ»زԼԼ
ͣ滳ЦЩζϱȻڴԼӦܾòԾ
뼱æͷʾͬ滳˵
ôæٷɲˣô
ţ룡ͷƯ˳飬滳ֱһ˳ĳ
ƲɾټҲõĸôƺңô
ûʶȦף滳黰һ䣬æͷ˼²ŷݲѽ
Բԡ滳Ц˫ʶԼˣˣʶ滳׳˻
滳ȴ꣬붨֪ԼɣԼӦõġڲ֪Ȼһֱ˼
룬ҡʲôô滳֪ʵʳôһ䣬ı顣
ܶ˺ܺãġµĺ峺һףڡ
㡭ôҵֶвڣ
ǸܣҺȻһ飬ˡ뼱վȻ滳΢΢˸ȻùԼİҴ뿪
̿滳鷴Ӧֱ붼ѾţŻعߵλѾˣ輸ϵˮȴ˿Ʈɢţƺڵת
ѳӿۺɽׯ֮Ϩ˻΢΢һֻصһ·̡
Ϊʲô滳鱣־룬ȴԽԽΪʲôô֮滳ô᲻Լֻ᲻ػ
ЩԼʲô°
ǣһ˫΢Цһȴ䵭֣º滳飬һﾡǶԼ˵šһĲ족ôԼǷȫȻӣ
ҪôأΪǿһټ滳ʱֱܺԼɷôռƣԼԻô
󿿣źӾѾĵۺɽׯͷָӢĻ
˳ȻͺãԼ⣬Ҳ𹼸õˡ
лҪ˵һ
½ݵĽɫhóϷԾ硶𼧡

ڶʮ

Ϊһ, ŹȵָŶԼǿͶʷ, ԡĿʽΪʢ󡣲ִĵݼԱ׷ڿʽʢ΢, ΪӰƬơ
ԡعϢԱʱһϵз, ֧֣зԽͬӫĻ׼𽥶, ԡ֧ҲˮǴߡ
ΪԡݣǱ֪
عĶױ, º͵ĳʼΪԭ׿诵衣һ¾, Ǳ͸żĵ˫䵭Ȼ, ϷhĻ¸ߵĮϢɢþ졣
滳ڳˢ΢űǱת۵Ķױ΢㿪ͼ, ͼ˫￴¶Ц, Ŵ˳ͼ½ǵޡ
ͷ̨ܶ¸Բ˱ĸ, в̨α滳Ե͵ʽ߽ĿʶȥѰ롣
۶ⲿϷô˵ϷвٸϷ, ûأŮ˱ŰԾ̨ϵЦʡ
š, ˺ܺ, ǵĺһ˳ġ˵ʱĿһ̨λشٷԿó֮ǰɫĻϲȴڸǲסʵ
ǾĿԴıˡϢһǻӭĺǡ
̨ԶԶ滳, ̨ߵӰȻӰ̨滳顣
飬ټôע簡ôˣߣΪʡ
Ҫ֪滳æ˴ǰǺٹܻ飬ڷǵˣһǹˡټǴѯʡֵˣƺ滳Ҫ˼ڻ
ٲע˾Ҫǧٿˡ滳ָžƱأȻûв׽ӰʵԱֻôô
̨һ૵ȫѽôˣ
滳̧ͷתͷһۣʵôû
ԭѽȻЦղŻڣڲ֪ȥˡ˵ϻظͽĻˣô
滳ɱһ죬ЩЦ⣬ͦõģͽò
ǴҶôͽᣬǵöûм
Ц̨ϣǫѷˣĲΪǣߴţȦǸûѪˡ
ȥһϴּ䡣滳޴˸кͷҲذ˰ͬˡ
Ҳ˶ۼȺϴּ䶼һˡ滳ϴʱĳȴԴ
ң˵Ǹǲ˭Ĵˣ˵ֻˣ˭֪Ȼͽ˸ŮǣôĵӰ
һŮ䲻ֺȴҲͬ˵˭֪أ粽㱾һŮǣ;ȴˡû׼봵ʲô߷أ˭֪г𰡡
һ΢ŵŮֽ˵ǰ˵ǰʱпźȻûȥһĲ찡ԲԣֻҪǮʲôƬò£㿴ø꾫Ƶģû׼ⴲϹõúأÿ컹װʲôߡ
Ů˱˵ߴҪȥ滳һʾԼĴڣĿɢżֺ⣬Ӿ￴˾ŵסһ뿪ϴּ䡣
ֻ滳黹䣺
˵ղǸ˭е죬˵Щ᲻ᱻȥˣ
ô֪Ͻ߰ɡ
滳Ŀ⣬תĳ࣬߳ϴּ䡣ǷѰ룬֪ȹսǼ˼
룿ô滳ԼϲǽĻΨһһ䡣
㡭ˣ뱾Ǳһתͷ滳飬Ծظ߰
̫ϲֳϣټϸĺǹһҾûɵĲɴϴּͳȥ˼ȦҲ˳㡱滳ĳڲڡ
ǵһΡɱʱ滳˵ģһҲӦûɣ
ʹôԼӦø滳Ӵ̫࣬Ҳ޷Լģ滳Ǹֵñˡ
ţҸոû㡣滳һ䣬ȴ˼
ղšԼˣ
ȥϹϴּ֮ȥһһΪ㲻ء춼һּڴֿܵڵȴš
ڴų滳ദҪΪҴ뿪ۺɽׯǸܵҲһֱܵģϣں滳齻֮ΪϾ
滳⻰һæʵղûʲô
ʲôûаһ·ûпʲôˣҲֻǷɻŻش
Ǿͺá滳˿Ӹղϴּû롣
ôǶʲôĵӣҪʣ滳ȿ˿˵ǳȥ߰ɡ
ʢϲҴϴΡɱҲϲ̫ӵķΧȻȻˣһ֮Ȼá
ҾƵȻʢ£ҹĻ٣ھᣬҲԼƱյӰͶڴϡ⻨԰ﵹǸֻ˵ĸ߸Ьǳǳؽ֯һ
̫ķΧ̲סڣĳûзô
ûУϰͣһطˡ滳ǻش𣬶˫΢΢ЩЦ⣬ˣ
ǿѰңô֪Լĳߣ
ǣ뼱æϣֻǹŹţ㿴ûĳѡ
ǵġֱ滳ץԼ͵ֳܸ߳ˣǶĸоȻСþͷ·С鱻ҳץסҳֻСӵͷһ£δЩһηζ
ⶼʲôֵֹĸо
ԭ滳·Ƶмټͣһ˫·΢Ц´ҿֱӴ绰붼ˣѲɰ׸ˣ
һû뵽绰ʲôֹ̫׽滳顣
ˣϴôôæˣҲûң籾Ūˣ滳ƽȣ׳ȴ»شġ
ʱ滳ҵȣ˵Ľˣһ䡰ллûСҲҪлʲôֻҪһʲôӦá
뱻Ūˣֱܲ˵Ժ滳ڲϵôôҪô˵Ͼ͵ñ˳ͷȫ
ͣ˽Ų滳Ҳͣԣ峺˵װ¹浾滳飬΢ȴʣ滳飬һ㷢ʲô᲻ң
һν滳ֻ֣ɫȴ滳˲Ȼʵʲô
ҡ
ÿһ涼úܺãҿô滳һ˫أ룬ǼһԸ
֪Ҳȥ£һΪҲдأ
滳˴ǣҹ£ƲĿ⣬˵ô
˶٣ʣҾôףֻô
ǣֻǡֻǲ̫˭ѡ
ʹѾԶ滳飬ֻǸá
ˣȻҲ޷бǷǵҾӦָܹоŶԡ滳ǰһľܹܽ𽥳ֱʧ
ǸҲôΪ
ڿԽҵô԰ҵô滳ﴽһЦصǿҵʱ򣬻绰ô
һô⣬ôش𡭡
شҲԣѾ֪ˡ
ɫ£滳üţϲЦ⡣һ̣Ըȥ滳Ů˲һ
лҪ˵
СԲа

ڶʮ

Դһΰ칫һ֮, ߷Ҳûмĺ, ֻƾȴʱĺ, ù߷в
ѵù߷㲻ؼҳԷ, ӦƾԼһƾƶ˸, ȥ˹߷һͬȥ
ţԵʲôƾ, ù߷΢΢
ʱܻһú, Ѿϰˡһ, ֪ʲôõԼˡ
͸֮ǰһɡ߷㲻޵ˣڲȷ, ҵҲƫǼ
ƾưѲһ, һԵķͰһεĲϰɣ㡣
õģ, Եȡؽӹ˳䡣
ƾתͷ߷㣬͸ż䵭, Լ׽, ദ˶ˡʱһ, Ҳ᲻ȤϲԼŮˣһ̶ҲҪõġ
ĺŮˣϲġֻŮҲˣҪ黹Ǹ߷㡣
, ϴθ˵飬ҪȻɡƾƸ߷㵹˱裬˵мȴ͸Ѷ⡣
ţ߷תͷɻô뻺ˣ
Ҫ충ҪҲܹ߷ﲢҪô충飬ȴҲ˱湦򣬶ݻɸе档
ƾ֮ǰ˹Σеصţ㿴㹫˾ڲǺæôٳﱸ飬Բ
߷΢΢Цˣ˵Ҫģ⼸Ҳͨˣ㶩ûʲôãհҲǳϣġ
֮ǰ߷þòӦƾΪ˵֪߷쾹Ȼˡƽ⡱ǳϡ
߷һڲˮĿǳͬɫһ㡣ҲõʧĻӰһ˵˼ҲԼӵĭĻٿιϵ·תı仯
ô䣬Ҳ޷ıһ˵ԡһ㣬޷ĺˣҲƾһ㣬޷Ҫľʲô
ѽţ㲻Ҳ֪ôҲҪӹ˾ƫƫʱϴ̫磬Ҵˡƾæֺõְ§߷ļ
߷װ˼ӣƾĿµͷͬ⣬ǡƣɱҵ̫ˣϢɶųȥˣ˶ء
ƾܵĳƺ߷ȴδһϹҲΪĲ飬ŵƾƵֻڹϵϣȴδϡ
ʱ֪ϲˣƾƲŷſ˹߷㡣Ȳ½ˣһŽ߷һ˵ˣСûô
߷㵭ûУôˣ
Դϴ֮ƾƺΪĺԺ졣ҲͣŮģûʲôý͵ģڲ߷ĺƾŴ
׼һӣ˺üҹ˾ϣϵĹģΪʡƾƼ˲˷ŵԼ鿴ʮࡣ
ǰûйŴĺԵΪ߷㵹ʲô˿һ⻰˲롣
ţϵЧȷʵֵÿޣ˵ҵˡ߷һ¹һµ̬ȣⷽ滹ǵÿġĺƺҲΪҵù߷ּЩ
ֻ֮ǰµǾ仰ù߷ٶȾã˾Բ̫ҵǱ棬ﻹ˵ģʲô˶ǡ
ţСң̸̸ƾ̽ʡ
̵涼ˣȻҪˣֻôѯʣù߷ͷ·һιĸѰˡ
Լʱ̸ӵʱʲͺˣȻѣ԰²̫á߷۵˼ӿûƾ˵ʲôվ˵ȥһϴּ䡣
˿̵֪Ӧ飬붣ĻָԺ
߷ϴּƾƲŶӣֻеطԼֻڷŵλ΢ƫһЩ
ˣԷɡƾûҪ顣
á߷Ӧ
ֻĻ˫home֮ĴָƬ̵ͣ٣һ̵ЦͨѶ¼
ƾƽ߷ͻؼҡڹ˼ǰƾ̽Ҫǹ߷Ĵȴ΢΢ͷƾƵǱ
ţôˣƾǿѹŭ𣬾ƽ͵ʹ߷㡣
ûʲôֻǲѡ߷㿴õĻһ޹Цݡ
롣ѾܾҺܶˣɱǵĹϵȻ˵˶ȻһǵҲҪġƾƫƫξǸˣǶˣôദ
Ǳ߷̬ȸˣÿһõʱҪ׽߷䵭ģȴһûҪǹ߷Ǹ԰ŮˣͲˡ
˵ʵŮĸַŵÿֻģƫƫԼŮԱŸȻˣɾ͹ֲˡ
ΪǵĹϵҲŲġô˵Ͼû̫ܹ鲻ãô߷Щڿƾʱݻµ顣
Ȼ˵ˣƾܲԴͣ˼ұϾţҲ̫֣ȥЦҲǣǹһʱȶҾȥ尢̸ǵ顣
ãȻȥˡ߷˸кͷҲص³߽˼ҡ
ƾһҲתͷԼȥľưɿȥ·ϵȺƵʱͳֻųԷʱµĺ룬֮˳ȥ
ĺԸոϴ裬һĶߣһ߻Լʪĳооϵֻ
һصİ룬һһ˭ѽһ߽˵绰
С㣬áƾΪǳдԵк
λĺʶ˶࣬ȻоеϤȴҲһ벻˭
Сǹ˶£ƾơЦһֵʱһ˿˿ԺУƺӦñ˼ɵǡ
ĺüɳϣһ𣬡ƴٰʲô
ΪϵĹĺȻҪôʵģʵѾ²³ƾͨ绰Ŀġƾ̸ܲ⣬ˮƽ䲻˵رȴҲòȥ
ʲôȻǽѵġƾƻؿųһֻ̧øЩĺԵ͸Щ˵ζǹ߷䵭ϲĺġ
ҲȱѽĺָԼһƳЦ⡣
߷㻹ǹܲסԼ˰ԼҲͰˣڵ绰ˣŮ׻ˣ
С鲻һѣƾƾǴҪĺһʱģ˵⻰Ҳﰵ͸¶Լ˼
ĺԴ΢ЦԽһֻ·°ڣʳָǳǳػȴļһ΢ָڣѹɤ͵͵Цƴֵֵýҿǿǡ
ҿɾ͵ˣСǧʧˡõΪĴ𰸣ƾƲع˵绰
ĺԽƾƵĺ뱸עΪҡ֮󱣴ãʲô˳ֽĺ뱸ע޸ΪҡŰֻӵһߡ
лҪ˵㶨
ƤҪһССܽӴ֮Ƥзܿͻнչ

ڶʮ

ĺʱ仹ǱȽϰֵ, Ȼ󲿷ԭΪæ, ҪΪ, ͳȥСǵԼˡ
ѵùһ, ĺʰԼϸ߸Ьʹ߳ҡ
ӱ֪, Ǳ߹ҹ
ĺԣվס򽨰شɳվ, ɫࡣ
, °ĺתһ, üһŵĲֻ򽨰, һװĵ, ʮֻ˿ʱ۾ʶؾؿڴ
˴кǰְһѵĶӣʶһ¡򽨰ҲĨ, ֱӾͱԼĿģĺԶʶһЩſ, ö˸ЩѵĹϵ
, , ûʱʶĺۺһǸˣҪһˣȾһμ档
е򽨰ǰǿʱȥزΪж࿿ס
Ǻ, Сȥʶʶ򽨰صľ;ܾͷǸ˿Сΰ͸ĺһȥɣһŮӼϳȥҲȫ
ǷҪĺȥˣæվòػӦã壬ȥСȥ
ĺüЦðȻô¸ңԼܵĻô˵ùȥ
˹ؾصͬĺ򳵿⣬ЩصС㣬պΣ֪ܲĵ绰´ǡ
ܡĺͣ½ŲתЦ䵭ȴĮôôۣҵشô
⡭ҲǹġԲ𡭡æǸ糣ɫӿϱ߳ܵĺΡ
ʵҪұȽϲĿȻٿҡĺԴǵЦԽˣ˵ǹģķǳᣬ㡮⡯ؿؿôΣţ
֪ΪʲôֵòȻαӣؿ󷽷سϣʲôõģһ˵⣬˵һ֮󻹡⡱˺üΣ
һֱ̬ĺԵݣΪĺŵÿŮ˲ԼΪ˭֪Ȼ˽⡣
ĺ۲תЦ΢קסͷͣս˵˵ҲûãӲˣϲŮˣԻȥҰָˡ
˵£ָһţת򳵿⣬Ŀɿڴˡ
Сû̫ӰĺԵ飬رǵžһͶ뻳ʱ˸ղǶݵķꡣ
ĺԣþöûˣҶˡӱŽĺԶߴʾ÷ǳԡ
ĺҲ˫ڷӱֻԡߣѹЦˣÿط룿
²¿㣬ء
ҹɫģȻҲεӰֻġ
߷԰һֻСһֻ绰ͨѶ¼죬󲦳ƾƵĵ绰
ƣе㲻ܲܡ
û˵꣬ƾƾͼæˣѽţæأԼҵҩ˰ɰ
߷㿴Ѿͨʱ䣬Ͳʲôϣﾹû˿ʣֻԼķ·γˣҲЩ
С۵ֱӣѵطһĶͷ߳ϸܵĺ顣ٶֻ۾ͨ¼Ϸţճĺ벦˳ȥ
ĺͷɣشͷϵֻŰҰѵۣһֻùֻ
ʲôĺԵЩᴭһŶԷӦһ߶ŷӱ
룬ںܹܲܲһˣ߷ƽʱ䵭ȫ෴ĺɻذֻõǰһ
߷㣿Ů˴绰˰ɡ
绰֮ǰܲܿҡĺԻûһ֮û죬ι߷㣿
ĺһذֻӻشͷֻڶȴ
ĺԡôˣǼ
ĺƳһ۷ӱ糺ɴָ˳ѸֽɾȻʼٶȴ·
ĺԣҪȥĶӱû£̺ӸסԼ塣
ʵǿԵģӱɲֹĺҪȥ飬Ͼ˵ֻ֮͹ϵһԸһԸ
ĺһߴţһ߽Լ˯ɣм£ܵ󡭡
ùԿ׾ߣҹ紵ɢϲ/ζ;Уֲȥ߷ĵ绰żʣ
ԷƺܼѲŻش⣬ĺűżˡ֪ԼסҲסѼңҪסԼǱߣⲻǽ첻Ӧеصزô
ĺԼӿ쳵ȥһ·϶Լȥ˯ҪҹȥĲⲡԼûʲôӡ
ǡƨɣϸܡ
߷һž͵ĺϣѾļޣţ롭
ʲô룿ܲ۾˭ĺԷ壬ûһŰ߹ȥϡ
߷ԣ̧ͷȥⱧԼƺûϲ߰òչ˵Ŀ¡
Ư롣
ĺԡʶһĹ߷Ҫĺֻһ˲С־ҵطһ£⧲ֵĺԻ
ˣˣҷط䡣ĺԱͲʲôӲĳˣ˿̿Ź߷ӣһ·ϵԹԾҲʧ˲١
ѹ߷ϴĺϸظǺãڴ߷ʵﲻ
߷üͷ촽˶ĺԸȥŵ˵Ǹˡ
ĺԡۡһЦˣʹһΪʲôء
Ҳǣ߷ȷʵЩǰһμʱȻЩȴɫԲ԰ףǸúúõˡ
Цˣûʹô߷Ӳطֻмζ
ĺѵõû˵ʲôֻù߷żʾһҲǺܲģķǷӱҪ˵öࡣ
кǺͽôĺҴ˱ǣֽļƳ۵
УڳҴ㡭
ţԼȥĺæסˮǺõģҩĻܱԾͱԣҩֶ
߷оǰӰվ߸ЬԶȥĳײϡ˸һůܣǹ˸Ľʹ
ĺˮŲߵⷿ￴еڶסӣЬм˫ȴ̨ͬɹŵ·ҲŮ
ȷֻй߷һ˾סû˵ĺۼһҪŮˣΪʲôڴʱûѣҲûǹͬľҪ绰ѡ
ĺԵĿŵ˰볨ţҲһӸĸ֮Ůˡʹ֪޷޷ΣҲֻЭ
ֻΪʺϳΪɷ򡣵ʵϣĺô
лҪ˵С糡
ĺ͵͵ظ滳绰Сϰ壬£
滳һ§룬һȻ˵ʡ
ôСõģ̽£ݹϰء
滳һʱԣսֻµ˵ǼϰҪݣָҾ͹ȥˡ
ĺԴѲҪԹ߷㹴ָ
ܻᱻӡ

ڶʮ

Ҳ֪˶, ߷ģģĺԵ
߷, , ˽ˮ˯, ѡ
ᣬֻǹ߷һ޷ӡòϵ˶, ĺԵĲ¿ڴͷ
ĺԶ룬Ҩһ׽ˮڴߴЩ͵߷ǰ߷ȴǶؿ, ɫ԰, ˫ȴѾָЩ
֪ͦÿ, ԺٿĺԵ٩һ䣬ְӿЩ
߷ͷˮ, ζͺǵĸǡøռһ롣˼, ̧ͷĺԡ
ʱĺûƽ컬࣬ҲûзϢӿʮۡҴԼ绰, ȴԸҹŮ˱Ĳ
, ĺԱֵһЩ, Żһ, ۵Ůˣ۲֡
ĺ԰Ѻ˴뽪ˮŵͷϣֽù߷ǡ߷ְ̧ס֣ǳ˵һлл
ǣһβǻģĺԳԼ, ù߷Լ
һһΣһһΡлİǿ϶Ը̬ȡ߷㾡أȴҲδĺԵĸаͬ
컹ͦӲģղôôӲĺ©һ˿ЦղŹ߷Ǹӡ
һδʾоȻرǹ߷ŮˣƽټºͶż䵭滳еһƴ
滳Ϲˣ߷ƾƸûԼ͵Ů˶̫Ҷ
ԻȥˣҺöˡ߷㲻ٸĺԶ˵ܶĺﶼᱻŤתԸĺԴ򽻵ѷʽǲҪ뽻
ĺһʲôӲţжĥɱ¿õĹܾ
ͣ߷ü¾°ɣҪ˯ˣߵʱǵðҹغš
˵껹ľͷˣĺһһ㶵ġ߷ôԼһ͵ʲôأһͼıأ
ðɣĺϲʲôˣҲ֮Σһۿɳֿһ۹߷δָѪɫ
ϣôɡ
ǰ뽪ˮ˹߷ʹܿߣһ
ʱӭչ⣬ҰһƬӲӵġ˴ߵɳǰɳŵŮ毺ãʱǸ߰ĵͬŮ㴿Ͼ
ĿѰţùɳϴŵĺԵ塣OO@@ĺһ۱ǹ߷ŷŴ˵ա
߷㣬ˣĺԸæԺתʵúЩô
ţˣлл߷΢ЦŵлҹҪĺԹѾʹò֪ϦǺϦˡ
ĺһ⻹ǵһο߷Ц˵ллЦͦÿģΪʲôſһأû׼ܶƾƵءֱûĻƾϲģȻܲס߷ôֵġ
߷㣬ԺЦһЦɣһ㡣㣬Ѷá̲סһ߷㣬ֻһ仰ּ׼ȷش˹߷
ⲻӦùĵġ߷㵭³һ䣬ֱӣ˵ԡҵˢԱбõˢëҲУȥϴһ°ɡ
תԡҷߣĺԸں棬Ҫԡң߷ǺȻʲôءһԡŰĺԹ档
߷ʲô
֮ŴƮһ䣺ȵȣá
ĺһ£ʲôӹԺȻŶôҪҪ㻻
ʹ߷յһ䣺ĺԣ죡
ĺһֱЦֱԡŴ򿪣߷һƺΣɫࡣһ۶ĺԣֻһ䣺ˣȥ͡
ĺ߽ԡ˹߷˵ıˢëϴ֮һ¨Ķ̲סҪ٩߷㡣
ɰﰾ࣬߷źɰſŵ˱һֱıӰ
㻹ͦͻݵġ
ǰЩ󣬻һ綼ڵȥ򰮳ԵͣǴûΪһ͡Ȼǰ˲󣬵һĻʱĺԾòԸƿۡ
ܲһϣŶӻȥ߷㽫ļȻ˸׼
ӲϲǷ飬ģ˭֪ĺԵĺϡѾˣֻܾܵЩرһ㲻ʲôҲǸ̬ȡ
ĺ߹ȥվʶε弦ζŹ߷ϵܰ㣬Ҳ֪˵һϣô
ô߷Ŷߵֻ﷢ë⼦ڻϣֲŲطֻﰵһ䣬ĺôŮ˵оҪ飿
ܵðһϻɣһŮһϣȴʲôⲻ̫ҵķ񡣡ԼڵĿӣĺԱ˳Žȥǵù߷һ
ĺԣԶһ㣬ȥš߷ҧһһرĳ仰Լٲֹĺԣܿһͻᷢʲôõˡ
磬ѹġ
ʲôĺԻˣȴ߷Ĳᴵһ֮ŽЦ뿪
ĺ뿪֮󣬹߷ȴЩʡ˵ΪĺԶҲ˵ǣ׼ȷ˵Ϊĺ͵Ůˡ
ƾƵΪ̫ԣԵ޷ԡ
˶ϲĺ͵ŮôԸУ㹻ˣɢŴԺɶɣÿһٶÿһ仰͸¶˵ζ
ĺĵǹ߷㷢ֵģҲǹ߷Խԭ
ŮˣҲֲƾƣĺԣԼȷȤˡ
߷żõļ͸ճ˽ĺԼˣæŰѰɰ˳ʢˡ
ζĺԱ߳Ա߿䣬һʱʳԵЩմߡ
Ϊ滳ڣ߷Ժܴ滳鵽ǸȽǵˣӦòĺ̫Ƕѣö֮ĺԴҲϰദģʽ
첻ϰô߷Сڵҧżʵ
ϰ϶ٵˣԼô岻ĺʲôɲϰࣿ
ϰòûô࣬ܵϢϢɣĺҲرϰֻ࣬ǲϲʱȥͬһ£ġΪ˱ϰʸУҪʵϢҲֹպϢգݾݡ
߰ɡ߷Ҳĺһۣƽ˵
ǣôߡĺҪؾãʲô
Ǹ߷Թˣ߷˵ʲô벵ȥⱾȥ鶼ʶطԡ
Թͣ߷㽫ĺ͵ſڣҪŵʱĺ׽ס󡣹߷תͷ˵ô
߷㣬Һĸ㣬ڿЦĺһƤЦӣϻмԥҲ뿴㽫ΪڵĳЩա
ţ߷ɻؿ⻰̫⡣
ԲҲãҲգһҪҪľ
ĺԲ˺ȴҪάֵֻ̬֪ҪģͲЭЩ鲻̫ϣ߷֪ƾƲһ£ĺֱԲһˣֻѡ
߷ɫʲôͷ˼ʲôβ̧ͷЦллҼסˡ
߷ȥˣĺԳЦ⣬յýЩУҪĻʱ绰ҡҿ֪Ů˲˽Ů˵ģ廹
߷һ㶣һŭĿӣĺôʱܲ
ǼǵǧҪʱҴ绰Ŷʲôˡ
ĺ˵Լ˳ȥ߷㿴û˦־͡ءһš
Ůǣɽ׸ıƣ
лҪ˵СҪı϶ǳ

ڶʮ

ԡʽĵ, Ա˳ΪһϷǹ׿诵ĸ, Ҳ׿ĸ, ԱǼûϷ, ҲҪ
ݵhһϮ, ԽѰ쳾Ϸӵĵü˳͸żȻ, ͬɰĲȾ
๫, 롣׿˹ؽ븮h᷿, үԸ๫кηԸ, ūǶҪܵ㡣๫Ҫ, ֻܻūһǡ
᷿š֨ѽһƿ˲һԺhš
뼫ǳЦˣ׵һ䣺ˡ
̬, ʧǣȴ͸˿˿ƾǧ֮Į, Ϸh̨һʱΧߵ
Cutⳡ, ϢϢ
ʱͣ, 񾭵ſʼϸ΢ͽŲ
ò̫ʺɫˣĳh裬ƫƫݳhĸо뻺ǰеӰǳЦ⣬޼ҪΪԼh
Ư۾̾һ, æȥӭ߹롣
ллҲЦ⣬Ϊh䵭Ϣ˿˼֡
۵ĻҲǿףͬΪǣϷh֮ˣòʸhպԡ
׷ȥ˵ĽŲһͬϢЦ˵̫ˣѹϷе׿ҪݽȥˣӸεŮӣܲĶ
ԡͬӰƬϷҲӵġ׿诵ĸ׿湫ӣĺݣӢʮ֣ȴͶǷ׿ȻҲ·硣
Ҳôá۸͵㰡ڹŴӣһǸУҪŮ
ضżұɫ޶˸ɫ
ܵһƿȪˮεЦ˵ҲˣҲ塣
ֻǰԼɫʲôģҲʦģ޹ذ
ΪҾֵÿޣȻΪô˵ģóֻᣬղԼµһƬ
Ǹտʱ߳Ϸ¥Ļ棬ɫ˳طڱ󣬺ڷѣʤա
ۣܵ㻹ã͵ģ뻹û˵۾ͽæƲ뵽ߣܵҷҲҪ档
תתμˣһ۵ţô˵أʲôãͣ
λǲǸÿʼһˣ˼ˮɤӣһһ١ʮˣ۶ʮͷһһӦû
ȡ߰߰ɣȥ޿һɫָ˲Цӡͷںȥ
ĪΣе绰ҵĻҡתͷһֱȺһԵĪΣŸ޺һͬصڡ
ϷĹްƬ۵ֻϣҪ˳ʱ򣬺ʲôַһΡ
滳ſվشǰԶĸ¥ܾûľˣʱձģþòŵƽ
칫ϵֻϢʾ滳ü΢壬ת߻ȥ¿ȱ޵¼ԱʾδϢʾ㡣
һһƬֻǿСͼԵĮɫ
ôƯɣ
͸˵Сǰ;
滳ָƬǲԾǣЦ⣬ͼƬ룬˱档
˳ָ֮˻ΣŽҵĺ벦˳ȥֻһֱϵͳѣԷûнͨ
һֱϷȫٴλصϢչȥĪξӭ߽רױ䣬㣬ոи绰㣬ʹһΡ
ģһϵϷݸĪΣһš
ǣбעĺ롣ĪαϾֻһ˵ԱְλҲߣ֪뱸עϵġ滳顱˭
ţҿùĪεֻĻһƽһ˿Ѻۡ
ԴϴΡԡ֮ûôϵ滳飬ڼֻȼͨϢ֮Ҳû˭绰
¼¼滳ĺ룬Ǳߺܿͽͨˡ
Ϸô
滳ͬɹһ֮Ȫ벻ԾؽԼҲЩţսղô
룬滳黹ǾΪ޵Ϣֻ˵·ߣҪҪһԷ
ðǾȥҼҺˣѾصǱסˡ뵱ȻһڴӦü۶ȾЦ
Դϴ˵һЩ飬˽滳֮㲻̫飬ԼҪ滳뷨˳Ȼ
Ƭҹյĵһ·ڣ㡣
滳麬Ц˵绰΢Ų壬̫ͣãҲά̫áˣԴϴ֮Լǲ㵭ķڡ
ĪκؿȥСʸչҵ绰룺㣬ǽ˰
̧ͷΪʲôô˵
ղŵĶԻﱩ¶ʲôôԷݣԱ𣿻ֻ̫ͨˣҲ԰ĪʲôҲΪ滳ǰŮ˰
Ϊ˵ȥҵʱЦرİҵЦ˵ղŻûôţǸƽʱЦĺܲһ
ĪξղŵЦݾǺıȻӭů˷θ⣬ñΧõ˸ܵů
ôôûоƿĿ⿴ԼԼЦݲǶһֱô
ҹĻ𽥽٣Ӿĳӻʻ滳ӿǰ棬һҵķȥ
˼ţ滳ʵһȥˣ
ǵһξˣƺʳĵϰߣϰߵͦõġְҵûй̶Ϣʱ䣬ܿһϷݣҲܵϲɢ˼ﱸʳ޺
ϳŵĴΪ̫ˣȻҲ󽵵ϳļʡ
ѽȻôŵңﻹʵĲˣ뻻Ьһ˫Ьŵ滳ǰЬŸ߸ЬԷ಻
滳Ҳܾһ¸߸Ьֻʱʵ滳飬ôҲô°ࣿ
ֽеõ˳ˣֻȷʵֵֹģǴ̫ࡰܡԵʡ
滳ЦЦ˵ţҸ°಻ã·Ƭûꡣ
ȷʵ·ֻһʼĿԼ룬⡰·Ƭ˵Ҳû
ʼ磬һһЦԭִܲҲҪӰడһΪԱȱǰһʱ°ء
ˣҲкܶҪء滳һȥʵʲô
ദԽԽȻ滳ҲȻȻػһЩҪص⡣
лҪ˵С糡
ĳ쿪ᣬǢ̸
ϸ˵ȻĺԣгϢʱ滳ͳֻüĿطϢ
ĺº棬չȥʱ滳鼰ʱ˻ҳ档ĺȴһۿֻֽŶӴСƯе찡
滳ջֻƳһۣұȻƯ
ĺԣ
أأ

ڶʮ

һҪʢһ, һͺ, ߵ鷿䡣ó˺Ź, ת滳˵
ǲҪҰæ滳鿴ӲԼһͬġ
, ԼͿԣһҽ㡣˵ߡϵЩ, ҲǴǱʶ￹滳Լһ³
滳һ߹ȥ鷿ǳŵ, ûҵ鷿ռ, ɼҲذ鼮, ڶ࣬ϸĹ
Щ˵෱, ȴ˸Ӵ򲻵һ, ˿滳ǰѧԱȴйԼҰʷ鼮кܶ౾滳鶼δŵġ
ͻǡ滳Цҡͷ, ŲǰһԼϤ鼮, ѧ
פھѧ͵ķǰ, ֳ̧һ¿ڱġѧԭڵķ, ֻҳ΢΢ǣԵķļ
ǵǷݵ鱨ļ¼ϵԭȵݱܹΪʲô־鼮ˡ
滳ԥƬ̣, һҳһҳšⱾеģֻڹĵĲԭݣص㣬Լµıʼǡ
˵Ҫ׼Ĳ˲࣬һ磬һߵ鷿Ҫ滳飬ȴطԼ飬ȫȻûвԼĵ
ϾΪˣ˶ܶ࣬Ӣ˧ˣҲŵŮˡϷʱΪЧΪ̬֮Ҳټƫƫֻǰ滳һֲ̾ŵĸо
ֻ滳΢ͷüĿкٰīڳɵɢڱ/ϳȻʵšվѣŵᡣ
ҪΪüͷ΢΢ƺʲôĶ߽ˣôˣ
ţʲôʱģ滳Żȥ΢˲෽롣
ս뵱Ȼܸ滳Լſڿãʵղǿʲôòõĵطô
Ϊʲôôʣ
ΪҿüͷˡЩƺЩ˼ǲǱ¶Լ
滳ЦˣЦᣬ͸Ȼ̧֣ʳָü䣬˵ʱüͷΪʲôԼĶҲֻʶķӦˡڣҲü㲢㡣
ٰѷ뿴Լ˵ˣΪԼĿ⡣ĿûиоκβʣЩʣ۵Ŀ⣬ܱĿעӡ
滳鴽Ц뾹ȻЦûƿ滳ָ֣ӹԼü⣬ֱ۽ǡ
ܵϢңǿƯ滳һֱ֪ƯƯ׼ޣΪⱻġޡȻû˿Ҫ뷨
ȨƣҪһûκοɽͱˣ練ơûУǴûΪûǣǡ
ܵεЦ۽Ƭ˵һ죬˵ڹŴӣһǸУܵҲ塭
Ҳôá滳麬Цһ䡣
òڹŴӣ֪˶ŮġȻŮӡ
ŮӵĻ滳ֹҲٹӣֻǻ˵һ룬ͬ滳
ãŮӣôΪ֮һʱᱬըĶʱ/ըĻϣ۵ĵ٩ڴ滳ۡ
滳ЦŨˣָ۽Ǽߣӹ򦣬ס°ͣŮӣòʫ䶼㣬ŮɫµĵʾǶдա
̶仰˵˶Ůۣӣȴˮˡ
Ĺ·һش̫ᣬΪԼܹܣޱڴ֪õȴǻ
ǡ滳鱾ζЦ˿ɢ࣬Ҳ˻ȴ˼棺ֻǴ˿ǿʡ
գգۣȻøղǺһںܿҩȥ֮ſʼ΢΢ĸֱڣǻ⵭
滳飬㡭ô˱ʵˡ
벻ʣֻƾ滳Լֱ̬档ＴʹֻһˣֻһˣҲһ
ǲǸóԷˣ滳û׷Ҫ˵ʲôЩ˵̫ԣҲʧȥ˱Ӧе
ţҾǽԷġ΢ͳƺڸղŵ
滳ԥһ£ס󣬡߰ɣ˾ˡ
ΪھͷľӦøΪ͡˿̲ʶĳɳеȷ˼͵Ը
ɼͲȫڼǿ
в໰滳ȴ˺üβˡ滳Ҫɱ¡
ĲҪЩʲô滳Цʵ
ǿˣô֣ŵӷס滳ļ򣬰ת˸
ڽղЩô滳´Լϵ֣ոϴ͸˵⣬ĴָĦţתˡ
ջԼ֣ԼȲ࣬ĵ΢͸ԼƤûУû
Ҳ֪ܿʵж٣һ滳΢ЦĻȣ۾ʢεĹ⡣
һ˵ӡгӢ͹߷֮⣬δ뷨ܾã滳ԽԽų⣬ԽԽϲ׽ҲԽԽãŮĺܺá
õʼΪʲôõŮˣᱻ˶Դ
룬һεҵ绰ȥˡ
滳º͵üӳʱĮڡ
ˣ滳˼
ãȻӣ滳Ĵָģ˵ȥҼңҸĸңҲɷǱߡϴβµģԼļҡ
滳˵ǸطǸĸɷ򶼲󼰵ĵܱԼϲõĵطҪӭϸĸҲҪɷԸֻһˡ
һط
ɫԽԽ滳¥Ŀֱ뿪
滳صҵʱӭ¥̩ס滳飺飬ʱôؼҳԷ
Ҳ㲻Ͼֻ滳סʱͲͣʱ䲻ؼҼΣ̩Ҳڡķˡ
֡滳ͣ˽ŲΪһϷɱ࣬Ϸҵݶܽ㣬ѵһˣԶ˼Ρ
޸Ƕѣһ̩Ҳ֪Ҳʶ滳ʱ޾۹Σ༸ξͻǸйصġ
ԭСˣϷŵôҲѹҡ̩ȻЦ˻ϵմˮ
滳ͦæģҰϷҲѹ
̩¶Цݣ滳˿ֻǺܿͲԼ̬ΪʲôҪԼʶ
ѵֻΪʱ빫ķô
лҪ˵ģû̸ˣ̸˵ã

ڶʮ

Ϣʱ, ۳ԹרױϷΪȶhƵ׿, ںܶϸҪֳݵhҵ顣
ƿȪˮ, ׸ǰ, 񣬡ϷĲȲС㳣պȵ, СĪҪ
ϣһ׿δhʱϷֱ̨׵, Ůص, СŮ׿, Ϊ๫۷, ͻ˰ɡ
ǳǳһЦ, Ҫһ䣬ȴ۵ˣЦݹ, ɰˡ
ôˣ֪۶ǳϷʵ
, ˵һô죿ôƯ, ҶҪϷ, һֱһֱȥ˫Ϊ롣
һôأҲȻտʼӴʱоĮ١ʱ䳤Щ֮ĺܺദ˲̫֮, ٶë
򴽣ЩԼЦ⣬ʵϷûʲôáϷҪңֻҪϷϷͺá
㣬ô˫ֵһϣ°͵ȥ۾Ƕ벻š
뵫Ц۴ĸоǷǳɵģʱ˻ϷһϷСһֳ˶Ϸʱı֮仰ûе״̬ϲۡ
ߵߵ
תͷһͬױţֻ˫ֻпűߣһ𰡣ϷһˣϢҪһ𡣡
Ϳ۵ĻˣƬȥ֮ۺ˺üǵı飬ĻܸоĴߡ
ҲΪϷĽɫڿʼʱֵͦģ޺¡Cutͬʱ۱ǵ˫ʱͻΣȻߴա
ҵȻһˣѲҪܵһôסЦе˵
Ҫ˵޳Ȼô˾ޣҲľĳŮˣֻΪԣʱߴ¡ǡֻ߲ͬһס
СѾͷƬӣҶҵ٩߹ȥ˫۵΢΢ﰴǸСŮƤϸúܣĴŮ˿ûñȡ
һμˣԴӡԡ֮޾ͱ˸ӣ֮ǰ˸һǰ࣬˺۴֣һʮŮ˺֪ݵԾ
ܵſңˡ۱˫ּѹǺܼѵش
ܵܽ㣬Ҿͷſ΢֣Ц޺
ҵ죬ܵ㿴Ҵôءѽ
û˵ͱ޵һţŴЦһμܵôŵģ㻹лȦһˡ
ôСѾͷн㡣չָḧ۵Ķ䣬ղƺˣҲ֪ûаСѾͷŪˡ
Ȼ۸ңʵһǴݣһԼݵľɫô죿
ˣˡްο۵ȥɣʣµļȥϢ⼸˯ȥȡҪġ
Ҫţڻױĺǡ˼ؿһޱ룬̫á
޸Զ㵭ʵô
ԵĻĲԸ⿴ĺǣһ۶뿴ǻǵ֪滳͹߷Ĵ֮Ϊ˼ǨˣƾԼĺ־/ˡ
룬Ǹġĺ̬ȿУһĶŵʿȡ
ȻĿֻڲ˽ʵֻ˿ĺǵǸһĻǰ¡
ûʲôõǸģȥˡĺǵѾͻˣŲµģ׼ȷ˵ӦǼµʣȫ˵Եʡ
ΪʲôĶǱˣĺҲһѾһˣѾĻ˲ȥϧѵֻΪѹô
һֱڣҶûʽǸҺܺǸʱľҲָԭңϣǻѣô
һֱǳԼӻϷ츳Ȳ룬Ϊ벻ǰ̫ܣ粵ơ
ڸһʱѾȫû˵/Լʱļ飬ͷĳܣΪദ
ĺСĿûɵزһ󷴸У䣬ĺǣ㲻ҪôΪһŮѵˣԾԶûôһʱڸһ
˵ôֱܹ׳˵Լ뷨ģǸԣҲԣʲôϵ
ʱԸģҾһʱͿҲûʲô뷨ѡ
ĺǿֿһЦݣĸ˱ŮͷؽҴԼĿģƶῪĵȥڵĿֻҪ޸ϵʱ㡣
뿴һۣƲ˵ʲôĸ鶼ӦʼƷǾһǷҳϵĻȻ㲢ûֻ
ĺ˵ʲôأֻ￴ԽԶⲿϷ˵һ鸴ȼĻᣬ粲ڲŸҵ룬һҪϵԸͻ̸粷֡
˶Ա֮ףʲôҪġ
滳Ӽҳʱʱ䣬²˸İ蹲ͣԼĹĻϲӣһθС
ĿֻͨѶ¼ҪĺԺ룬֪ľƵĺϷֱ΢ĺŷӦ
̸ʱҲԷĺʱֻƽͳȣδʲôĺȴΪʱ͸żֽĵ
롣
ţӦƬңƬԱ͹Ա
ʲô滳ʣԼȾ롣
ճԹһϷûꡣ˿΢΢Ц
滳룬˵һô
ðȥԼҲûʲô£ʹӦˡ
ȥ߰ɣǱ߽֮ϢȥϴǸ·ڵ㡣
˵绰滳𴽽ǣֱԡڵƬʻȥ
һʱ滳鷢ϢصױҪжױʱĪʵ㣬ôż·ȥԼᰡ
԰һ𣬻һڲžòԾԡ
СԽԽ·ˣ̫º͵Ц˵ĪΣ˭ҪȥԼˣ
ϰԼ᣿ϰϹԼݣصϰ廹ǸŮġȻ˵滳㣬ԼҲųͬ飬ǡ
ȵȣΪʲôҪ⣿
ĪΡٺ١һЦ˵ΪԼ㰡㻹ر˵ӣ߷ʱûôˣҲټ
㲻飬Īζӡֻͬ˻ºһЩЦҲࡣҹ߷̽ʱҲû̫Եŵ滳ŴԼʱ¶ļڴĪοеı֡
֪ΪʲôûҸ˵ôŲϣĿʵ
Ϊʲô
Ҹ߷ʶܾˣϰѾǲȥֳǳҵΪʲôҲټΪ㾭ڡüһٲΰ˵
ҴˡĪεͷʵʵؽµϷ鶯˫µµת
Ĭţ;Σξʵ
лҪ˵̸ԽԽᣬҵϰҪˣʹ=_=

ʮ

ϴһ, 滳ӺӾ￴ĳ, һǰһ뿪
滳ͣ˽ߵĹ㳡, ͣԱߡ
˳, 滳鱧Ǹͬʱ³룺ô᲻ᵢϢ
ڵǸ·ڵʱʶ, ԼǲǲӦԼ룿ϷһѾˣҪӦԼ, ᲻ǲ˼ܾأ
, ƽʱҲûкϢ, ߾͵ɢˡеز滳ԣȻǸ֮ǰһ̬, ԼЩǳ
Ϊ滳Ȼüϰ, ƽ޹üͷȴһֱü壬ָȥƽǵ壬滳ָĦüһ
ŲŻ, 滳ǰһЩݵҹ˲ϧĸ顣ο뱾Ͷľеϧ, ΢΢ۡ
滳顣첽ȥ, ֻԥһ, 쵽ֱס滳֣鲻ô
ֲǺһ˿ů⣬滳ЦҡͷûУֻǲؼҡ
˰͹, Էô绰ԼʱǷ㣬Լô˾е滳ҶûأԹô
ûУô
ԣŤͷһ¶һ޺˸Ĳ꣬ɵùһĨ΢Цתͷ˵
ţôˣ
滳ɻԼŹ·ֽһҲ꣬սſ֣滳ȴȥǰ̨˵ʲôûӣһװĵ˹ȥӴ֮滳ʹ˸ɫȥ
Ǹߵ滳ǰò΢ЦС㣬ղλС㽻Ǵȥȥǵĳ
滳ľȣµһ˲˵ôȥˣȥ
ǰȫһ̵ľٶˢһɶһһůѪҺһһռÿһ䡣
ʣС㣬ðһʣղλСǲǣҾúǸ
ǡ滳ۣ˸ղ¶һ˿ºͣͨˣֻǳΪǸǶѡ˵һͨˣݼ޵ˣҲǱԼɷŮˣֻһƽͨˡ
ĸоҲҪԴһٲκλݶ
ȥʱ򣬺׵ĳʦ֪ȥվڹǰʲôɢĳβͳڵٸԾ¶ˡ
ʲôóԵģ滳ߵߣɤ÷·𱻹аһϲָо
ȥôʲôƳһۣȻѯʵȴ΢ζ
ҾӦ֤һԼȻܱΪֻԡ滳쵼ӣͷƯ۽ëͶһƬӰָϸų죬¶һСذźۡ
뱻ĶһæǰҿЦģԾͺˡ
ÿ滳̧ͷһ붼ˣȻ쵼İ
ǸұȽϲԵģ㲻һֱôҲͦϲġӭĿ⣬ηӡ
ҿЦġ滳Ц֣㳢ϲζԱߵҡ
ôգҲڴĿôΣһΣ滳ҲԼ
ԼҪĻ˵ܹΪԼ˵Ҫ£滳˿ֻ˵ڡ
ӲǱŭˣ밵롣Ҳǣ滳˸˶ټʱҲر١
滳Ƴһʳģ˼ʵòã
á븺վһӦôʳο滳Ҫ³ǲޡ
ΪΪʢ⼯ż̳˵滳Ĳʲôˣ˿̿滳ַؽţϴгС֮ȥѪˮ͹Ƿ롣
֪ǲΪ滳鱾ʵԭܾЩڻ﷢ʩͶôŴֻǽˮտ̳
ǲǾʹӲ֤ˣһ˵κη棬ָ㽭ɽ֮ʱ֮ⷽһţ棿
ΪԼ뷨е棬عʱ滳ѾмϣСײԼţ⡣
ɫ룬ֻǲ֪ζΡ滳̧ͷЦõˡ
Щһܡûио˶೤ʱ䣬ΪĿһֱ滳ϡ
ΪŴεͷԵʣ滳ĳԶ̵ļƮǰҲûǰȥ쵽ָⴥ΢Ķ
̫ˣǰֻ滳ʹ۽ޣϪ˫΢Ĵϸµ٣ŵϢŮôȥ滳鲻˾أӦõõ˸ĳ谮
õӦҸȻʵȴǱѡ
Ǹ˵ʲôõŮˣ۳趼ôȥ黨ǲݣôȥӦñĵŮģ
뱻Լ뷨һæջ˵ǿͷƮǰˡ
ĳ嶯̫ˣٻȥô߷㶼٣ɾڸղţԥûСΪʲôҪԼ裿滳鱻ζԴǶûϵô
ţ԰ɣҪˡ滳鵹ûʲôӦֻɫЩ
ȥ
滳黷һܣʵ㲻ǰ˳ô԰ɡ
ԣ˿ʦϢõѹ˾ôںݼҹţ档
ΪҪȥԵģϾǳһߴ˵Сʱ費ע⣬ȥ͵͵ѻûĲ˳ˣӦûйΪɣ
滳ȵһǴСɵģʵΥصʱ
ⲢһΣҲûб˿滳ҧһСţ⣬ЩСӡ
ֻ⻰ȴеЩᣬʣΪ߸ϵܣʵȴôͨһֻƾ£ֻһƽˣעĿȴǧǧ
˵ڳһ棬Ѿˡ
ͣ˿ӣתͷ˵滳飬Ժ㲻ĵʱ͸Ҵ绰õĻ᲻ᵢϢܵͦõģϢʱ䶼㹻ҪңһҪҡ
滳ģҲֻЩˡ
óô滳黰⣬ֻԵЦ⡣
ó԰ĺóԶˣҪǷҵ϶Ǽ۸ġ볶һЦݣֿŵԴǡ
óԻ²죿滳һûµ棬ȻȴǳЦҲЩ
ͷ棬Ƴ滳飬Ǻˣ
Ҳ֪Ĭ˶ã滳ֻʱļžͣ꿴һֿۣһڳ룬ǽ˵绰

滳º͵ע⣬һԼľʱԼ滳ദ
ţҪ˯ô
©ֻԼ滳ɫǳػصˡ
̫ƽĻشûģȸԾţٹܻȥˣ
ãҵ滳۵׸һ⣬Ҳ΢
һĻȴǷ޶ɪԢ⡣ԺﶸȻһ󣬵滳֪ʱ֮еĽһõ滳üԣϬԴǣٲº͵š
滳ָ˵빴/Ϲ
˵绰滳鿴ӣЦ룬Աˣʲô
ҪȥһֱȻҪܿʲôණһվ滳
ôˣ滳鱾չüٶšʵڲ֪ΪʲôͻȻ˸ӡ
뿴滳ŹеѾģŭģǲһ̱Ļ·Ѿ΢Ĵо滳ԽᣬԽǺ¡
Ǹһ顣ȥˣԲ𡭡ɫһƬ˵ü٣ߵҲˮδ滳鰵ӡ
̸׵ķǰ̨һžͿ첽߳ʲôҪ׷һ㣬ͷҲء
ΪʲôҪȥôһأ˺ܻܿԼΪУһʼ֪ģΪʲôҪѡȥһΣ滳Ǹǵˡ
һɷˣȥŹɷҪĶôᣬǵᣬ޲ʧŶԡ
滳ڲþõؿԼֻŸղؿԼ˵ˣһҪ
ڣǲǲˣ
лҪ˵ҵϰ(T_T)

ʮһ

߷ԼǱס֮, ʱع˼Сס, طؾסƾûôϵ, Ҳûдǰ, ҲΪദʱѾ̫ԵʣҲΪ˽١
ʱ, ߷㳣ľϰԼΪķϵ鷨סëʱʸ, , һʫ𽥳֡
±ԥ, ô
Τѩ᰹еڹ߷ͣʵʱ̧ͷȥ, Τѩᰵ˱ţ̽鷿
, ôˣ߷æӹΤѩеıӷϡ
ȥ㷿ûҵ㣬ֿ鷿šΤѩɳȥº˵ô˻˯, ʲôô
Τѩ᰺ٿŮԵķձ֣˵鷨ʱ, ƫƫѾ±ʵʱ, ޷ġ
ûʲô, һЩϵѣҿԴ߷˿̰յǶȻܸΤѩ˵ġ
ܲ˵ԼĺһǷɣĺͲãð֪Ƿĺ, Ȼ˵ʲôҲǲ˳ġ
һϣ򺣺ΤѩᰶƾǱһ֡ӻͷ𲻻̬ƾȻĽܹͷܿɹټƾƺܻˣʱʱ꺮ů˺⡣
ĺԾͲͬˣӻͷ𲻻/Ůͷʲô߷㲻֪ĺӦҲûҪͷֻ֪ԼĺԾԲκιϸҪҲֻǹ¹ϵ֮òҪӴ
עϢ̫ˡΤѩ᰷Ķţˣƴ˵绰˵ˣһʱ͸Ʋ£ʱ乤Ѳ
Ŷ߷ԣһ˿ǳ΢ЦмȻˣǾ͵ȵȺˡ
Ҳ֪ƾƹĺûУƾҪô֪óĺԿԭȴ²
ԼҪŮ˷չϵԼȴ²ǸŮ˵ΪʲôԼѣǲ̫ˣ
ദô¿춨ˣǿҪúģ๵ͨͨΤѩȻƾƻ⣬ĻǷڹ߷ϵģŮƺôϲ̸
ţ֪˵ʱ乤߲췢飬߷Ѿ޲
֪ƾưģֻǳڵĺгദԼʶɱԼ˫ֻۣõĺá
ϵ¶ֺ㿴ţȻû˵ʲôӦҲʲôر¡Ҳ̫ˣ飬Ϣһǵðţ̺ˡΤѩᰶԼŮʲôã̫ˣƽʱҲ
֪裬ȥϢɣд־ͻط
߷ΤѩᰣصӺ濴Űɵ֣ĿƵһԵֻϡ
ĺѵϲţڿɳϿŲƾ౨ֽ˵緢ҲǣżֽҲ޲ɡ
ĺ԰ϴǸСô򽨰Աߵĵɳϣмֺʡ
ǴСĺ뿪֮ûټҲ֪ദôǸкòãѧߣͥҲôܺʡ
ĺҧһƻ۾û뿪ֽ˵ô
򽨰һͲˣ׷ʵôô㵹Ǹһ˵
ôĺ԰ѹһӣüǰͶҵؿڲţ߳ȥ˼Σ˵ǹģ˵ô
ᶼᣬ󷽷ϲˣʲôǹġżζǹģʲô̶ȲŽйģ
ôܣ򽨰ؾŷСƷãҲôܻƭ֡
û¸ƭ㣿ĺԲмЦһû˵Ʒãװİְ֣Ϊװ˾Ͷ˼ô
Ҫ˵˼ֻ滳飬Ůѭ浸صһ㡣
Ҳ㴩̫¶˲ǣ㿴ǴŴ磬㡭
ͣĺ˫ֱ˸ֹͣƣ֣ص֣˵͸֡Ů˱ǿ/Ϊ١һôŴ磬ҵ£ûйȱ¶Ҵȹôˣһܲס۾ܲס°ΪŮô˺ܹܹǷǡ
Ϊ˵̫࣬ĺͣº˿ˮʵǰ֡ô͸ڽϿһŮƵģΪһƷ¸еˣܲܶزɣܲ˵Ůɣ
ԽԽƫ򽨰ɫҲԽԽԣϽڰֵϹ˵ʲôأ֪ܲôⲻĸķô
ôܲףֻӲĺԸĸĴ·µȷƫȫˣһЩΪСкֵý
ʲôΪʲôҪģƯҵ£ѲΪҴʵʵٳţĺԼȻʲôصˣΪʲôҪΪʧеΣ
򽨰سüŮʲôʱܼ޳ȥ
Ӱɰһطˡĺ԰ңӵ򽨰شϣԼˮߡ
صʱֻ˯¿ڴˣһʱЦ˲ӴҵĹ˴С㣬ҪԼѽ
߷㿿αڷ֣ʳָŶͷ¸˵
һĺԵͿƲסüͷ̫ƯǰҲһ/ζʵ˵ˣҲǺŷǷ֮ˣֻһЩûĺôҡ
»˽£ǹµĻ˽ʱ䲻Ĺ¡ĺüЦʣϷ֮ź
⻰Ѿʾ̫ԣ߷㵱ȻĺԵ˼ԼҪµĻͷͨ绰ûҪˡ
˽¡߷㵭ػشǼ¸ҲϹϵ
˽°ĺ˵룬֮ʲô˽ֵù߷Լ绰ģĪƾйأûƾƣʲôýģ
߷˵ϴչҵ£ҲϲǷ顣
ĺԻȻߵһԵڴϣôˣ
е棬߷˴ô飿
߷˵Էɣص
ӦˣܾƵʲôǼģֻҪĺ˵ڣ㡣
Էĺù߷ôƲɾЦ˵߷㣬ʱǽǮҪԼٷܴһϵʱţ
Ҫʲô߷ɫ֪ĺûôô򷢡
ĺһЦݱǸ࣬˯һһûгˣ֪ζô
һ˵ţŹ߷ƽӡ߷㼸Σζɫ԰ףģ֪ʲôӣǷǳ뿴һ
̫֣߷üͷšˣֲܿƵװţ̵ıӡ
Ů˳֮⻹ܲܵǵģֲôƽһѲϵ
ҿЦģôʲôĺԼæͣӶӴԺٿЦĺãᵹûʲôԼӡҲãֻ뵽Ǹӣܾٱ̼͸ˡ
߷ɣĴָڱĦ˵ģҪʲô
߷㣬ҿһӰɡĺ˵м󣬼͡
Ӧǹ߷㻹飬˿ôһ仰߷㵹ò˼ֻô
ţֻһӰ
ûиκһȥƽ£ǹ֣ΣûйֻܹЩ˷ḻԴ˶ľ¶ڸ飬ЩףֻǴδӡ
ֻһǳȥĸоã߷ͬ򵥵Ҫ
ãǵʱˣԼ߷ĺԻﵭįûжʣֻҲŵЩ
ûм˵ĹȥǺǳġģҲֻ⻹ķʽĺԵһЩźҲһ΢СԸ
лҪ˵С

ʮ

˵ܷæ, 滳鵱֮, ռеľ󲿷ʱ䡣˵ζ, 滳Ҳһĩβ, Ϊʱȫ˹
ֻڹ֮࣬żĴҴȥ
ֻϴһͼƬ, һг̱ĽͼȻʾ֡ſ, ջ·ŴͼƬ, Լİ, ԽԱ°˳ֱ뿪˾
صҵʱ̩ɶ, к, 衣
ֻ̩΢΢һЦû˵ʲôɴɳӭ滳, ˣ˷ˣȥԷ, ҸֻΪ첻Էء
еæ, ֻܾ滳鱧Ǹ˵
̩صͷ, Թ̬ȺܺáҲҪԼΪȣȥѷˣȻطúϢ
滳鵽ŵĲ˶˳, 滳ĬĬԣһš
飬ʵæӹͰһЩָɡѻķ˿쵽Щ۵˵
滳Ȼ͵ȴΪҪǿСˣҪáĺԲϽȴ滳̫Ͻ
衣滳꣬ο˵ģЩҶæùֻʱҪЩ־ͱһٳԷˡ
µôܻԼҹ˾齻ɲҵһͷǡ
Ǿͺã˾ͻطϢɣһҲطˡ
ɶ䣬滳ȥ˲뿪
ͬʱԡΪҪ㽼ϷݣϷݵ۸ɫװ֮ǰǰԤнһұݡ
ڱפ㣬ԶżµϦ
񣬺üûи滳ϵˣţһܿ滳һ˰ɡ
Ƶģǰֳ滳˵ģֻֻôûаĻ
ƮһŮ㣬ô﷢
ͷһۣôҲˣ
һ⻰;С죬ܵ۸ңˡ
Ҳ֪ôģϲ٩һϲ֣šȻ˵޻һ࣬Ǳʱʹ
ƵΪһ仰ɢָܱ࣬ĵط΢΢Ц˵Ϊܵϲɡ
˼Ʈ滳ڶԼ죬滳ָůĦü䡣
Ųϲңϲһô˭šԼŷ飬ʵ㣬òҲŰɣ
˭ȥţôƯŮһ£ҲøۡԲ֣Ҳϧģ۸
ûСЦѾϦںɽͷֵܶ˶ԼϲĶطʽܵϲŪ㣬㻻һǶ룬ܵǲǾ㣿㣬ݣһϷ֮ⲻܻʱ
һ£ڱݵƵӳ£ݾЩɬ
˵ãƺûʲôԵġ
˵Щ˾ģÿ˶ºͣԶһرˣͬĲͬʽǷܵͻֻܵӡ
һ˶һرעһЩԱ˶£ǷǳᣬǺϲȻỹϲ˶ԴӦû
͵ʲô뻹ûü׽۾Сʣǣȥܵ˵ʲôأ
ÿһǱ÷۵ĵطʮܡֻԵķܻû޳Եζ࣬ҪôӦԣ
Ŀ⣬ۣǳǳЦݿЩأʲô˵ά̬Ⱦͺá
ۺʣ㣬㲻ûôôô
ЦЦ˵ǰҰְ־ģÿ˶ºͣǶҰְᣬֻеĺá
뿪֮ǰļ䣬ӢоֹǶĽ̵
ǰۻظһ飬Ȼ뵽ʲôæ㣬ԲҲǹġ
ǰǾʹڿ϶ǣļ£ȷʵ
Ҫѽ룬ٲȥܵҪˡ
û⣬Ҳһ۵ĶͷЦ߽ݣŶͷ
ҹһϴǳص˵ΪѰѾȥһСʱˡСʱ뿪ңֱ֮סҪܳʱӦпֻסһıݿɲȥӦˡ
ںڰдֻһ΢ִͨѶ¼ǰ绹滳紺ɤ죬ӦʱָѾܿƵذȥ
·𱻾һ㣬˶ӴϵڹѾˣǱ߿϶Ѿˡ磬ˣ滳ˣôܽԼεشæ뿪أһӵġ
ǳϵģͨˣֻû֮ǰôһ֡
滳顭볢ྐྵȻͨͨþҡ
滳鵭ءţһЦЦﶯֻͨƺԼ⼸죬Ϊ˵һӦף·Լдȡ
Цʲô滳¶΢Цһëͷһֻңô
ȫû绰ΪǻһַʽֻԶ
Ҳ㣬һ㶼˵˫䴰̨һƬɫ¹⣬ƺ滳
ҿΪôż£Ϊô滳ºᣬ˿˿֪ʲôֻҪ˵ڣԸš
ԥŵ˵ͷ뵽滳鿴֡šȻĬ
ҪճǳϷ˯滳ǵг̱ҪڽȡճľһҪ𴲵ģⶼҹˣô
滳飬ϴ˯š
̾ɢ˵꣬һ£滳Ϊʲô֪Ҫһղû˵ѽ滳ϵʱ˵ģȥг̣
ͨ绰ǴңҴģҺûܡ滳Цˣڴأ߻صղһʮߡ
üͷ򴽽ǣʵô֪Ҫ磿
滳ûйԥ󷽻ش𣺡·ȸҷг̱֪ڽ⣬Ҳ֪Ҫ𡣡
˽ѵ׼ѵ绰ҵ׼ֻ֮󣬶ŴЦǸ߸ϵܣȥҪһСǵг̱ҵҡ
벻ֻ˱棬Ϊ֪һ£滳Ӧģôעг̣Ҳ˶Ϊ˺þãֻǡãȿ˿ڡ
Сǣ˯ɣˡ滳ûиһƶ죬Ϩ˵ƺڴͷůɫĵƹ¶
ڴ绰𽥵µͷٶ̧𣬴̨¹ƺñȸղҪһЩɫ¹й˴̨һĨЦ˵滳飬ȥ֮ҿô
˵أ滳ζطһ֮˵绰
Ļѵ賿ʱʾ滳˴ǣӵñƽʱҪһЩ
лҪ˵ϰҪ

ʮ

滳һ绰֮, 뷴ܿ˯, ûٷȥ޷ߡ糿Ǳӽѵ, Ŵڳ, ϴ
¥ȥݵĲ㿴޺ȵڳͣһΧľԱ, Ȼû˶ǿ޺ٴѾˡ
, , ߣһʹк, ƺ޲̹ȥ֮һ
߹ȥЦ˵簡ܵ
һΪءҨһ˵, ʳ, ҵǲҪίˡ
нݵʳҲûô, ִžȥֵطѾϰˡֻ۶ڴ, ³ԲЩ
ü, һСʢ˴, ˵ƽʱҲ嵭ģֻ嵭ļһЩѡ
Ժһ֣һۣûУѧѧ㣬һ, СƵġ
ֿƲദˣ޸ϲ٩δСѾͷʱզզرɰҲ˵ϲ룬ֻǶ룬ͺͷ֡
۹һӵޣȴֻǼһ弦ǰĵԻ²ס죡
Ƶغ࣬ǰŮʱʱض졣˵Ҳûǰǵ¸ص֪ݣǰȴֻһϲë˰ˣСŮʲôʱֻܷ֣ƿؽȡ
ǰ޿Ż˽Ų룬˲ǰʱЦʣ룬㿴ˣ
ûо޵ʻɫŸǰۣȴǶߵޣ˵ǰֻǲ²⣬ܵ仰ǽҵĲ²ʵˡ
һʼûȫ϶޺۵ĹϵҲΪʲôûг׸еġϲʲôʣҲûԭ
ûʲô˵ģѵ˺֮ġ
˵ʲôҪ˵ģžǱȽϾܵᱻɣȦŵġ
Ϊ޼ʹϲŮˣҲϲһˣϾͲСҲܲסˡû뵽ֵˣڡԡ֮ǰƺ޽
˲ŵкܶ࣬۽ôٲҪΥԼ⡣תͷһۣжʲôص˿УΪܴţ֪ô
ҲͲСԭԼͬʱҪܵر飬ܹõطչ
İɣֻ֪ϲ۸˵ĵݡһЦ˵ϣĴ𰸡
ع⣬ȦӶ𾪣۵԰֮Ӳĺ޵ĿǲûдȦĵλԳĺ
滳ֻʱʻɵһƬԼּȻɫ⡣
һƵѩĳͺɫŷֿ㣬΢΢¶Ƶֵǣ°սԵϸӮһա˿ȸţ¶ŮԵĸ֪ԡ
װ¥ȴҪȥ̩
飬첻ϰࣿʵɲĩŮôһţƽʱɶְҵװ
ţȥһܽ㣬нȡ滳治ɫ򶨻ش޵ȷڽ⣬ûʲôԵġ
̩ͷ˵ʱҳԶٷôöûǡ
ޣ̩ȫûжʵ˼ĺԶûĴֻΪΪ˳죬ף滳ǳ֧̬ȵġ
Ҽסˡǰ֣裬ҳˡ滳΢΢һЦ̩ɵĿ߳š
̫ۣůĽأϵﶼһů⡣
๫㻹뿴ճ˴
ھͷ£վԱƫλãĿ⾼Ĳ
һЦֶȾһůɫ󣬾ƵϢ·չů˵hεºܣ׿СŴ㣿һΣhѾ֪ˡ
۵ɫһӱЩįһ㱡㻹ôԸ֪ҿ߸ϵ׿С㣿
᣿ֻǡֻǡ뵭Ȼɫת֣¶һָ΢΢˶ȴ˵ġ
룬ҸȨֹһΣǽΡЦȾüң׽סڣˣϻңɺã
˫ۣʼûѱ߬һǡãʢǰŮӵ˫˵ů⣺ãhǡ
Cut޺ͣΧĹԱǣȻЦЦ
ղ续һĻӳֳÿ˵Ҳǰ˶ⲿӰƬлɵ̬ȣôҲûʲô顣
˶ʱΨʱ򣬷򵥵֪మԽЩĳ˴򶯡
һüҪһԼ۾ûɣ߹滳飿
ܵҸղűô޵ĺ󱳣ЦеصԼ
ۣҪǰӭ滳飬滳鼰ʱذ˰֣ʾôк΢΢ۿ˿űȥ
ҵ죬˰ܵʲô͡
Զֻ֮عͷȥҫֱ̫ҲֱӣջĿ⣬תʱȴ
滳;վǰܽܽ벻Լǰܹ
ֻüºͣй˵ᡣƺŵʲôЦЦȻָָһ˵Ķ䡣
滳飡ʶҪӦÿ죬ȥ˫׽ס滳⣬ȸԾôˣ֮ǰôңˣ㲻ϰô
ż첻ôôࣿ滳۾·һ΢ЦţȻ˷ӣȻȥһƯ
ֻ쵽һ룬ת˸Լ¡ط̫ˣ־ٶ̫ǣ֮䷢
Ϊ̫ˣܵģҵģ˴֣Щڡ
ղһ˲ûӦϻڼϰٹ绰滳飬ھȻվǰĵϲһ޷ȥ˼滳⣬ֱڲԾ
ģ㣬ô滳黹ûееùԼĵһָֻ໥Ħţ̧
ϲʧģܴ˫ܹƻĵ¶ԵĻϣһֱղżԼʱôҡ
һʱʹ۲ҿ滳飬ֻ֣֧֧С˵𡭡Ȼױ˻òкüûء
滳ʲôʱõģܵϲŲࡣΨһܿ϶ܵһܾ滳ôֻúԼڱ滳ţ֮ǰεҪԶ滳飬˶Լ֡
ˣͷʲô滳º΢Ц͸һ˿ζȻ̧°Ϳһǰ侲Գֵɬʲôӵġ
һ
лҪ˵С糡
滳°̧ϷʵͷʲôأرҺÿ
ûУÿ˫ִ½ǣɬϱҿҪǻط

ʮ

˶滳Ǿ仰һ, Ϊʲô仰ôåһǡ̧ͷүĸо
ΪԼ뷨еɳ, 滳ôôǳˣæֲ滳, ǿװ򶨵̧ͷҡȹȥ, Ҫô
һֱԼ⣬ʲô
Ȼ, ֮ߣøȥˡ滳ȻһЦ, ɻ, һԷ, ѲɻҸǾĳȥ
뷴Ӧٶ۵ءһ滳ߵĺ, ؿɲǰ, һΣҾͲԭˡ
һεشҴ뿪û, ûκȨζȴ뿪һ޶ζ뿪, ȴǵһ㡣
ʱȥĳһ鲢Ҫһûʵ, ֻҪѭԼ⡣
ǰִֵŮò, ղǻ滳ǰԴ˻˾ͷǰϷh¸ϢֹϷе׿诣ùԱƿĿ⡣
ݵ׿£űhľܾ֮į˶ľУټǵµɡ
飬ôûʧɣ޴յ滳ʵ, 滳רע飬ƺ޲
ǵûУҵԤ롣ұΪò΢Ӱ󣬿û뵽ʺϷоȻ߶ȷɫۣвʧ֣λǳá滳鲻Ե͵
㻹˵һμҿˣҲ˫ֻص٩ţһ滳ţʵˣ첻ϰࣿ
ӡУ滳пһصشϹӲ鹤ѵһ
ˣȥ͸ˡοලǹѵϰô滳üһǿԼһ˵ʡ
ǡһʲôʱôΪˣ
ʲôʱУҰ˵ȥһˡ滳鵭ƳһޣֽĿƻϡ
ȥҰҲһۣƮƮ³һ䣺ðɣҾΪѽܵˡҪ㲻ڵʱȥʡһһҡ
ʵҲԸȥң滳Ѿǳˣ̩࣬ҪôһأҲɱȽϺ˵һЩ
滳鵽ʱѾӽ磬뼸ϷѾˡްŴϳǸ޴˸к֮͵͵˱ݸ滳ĳ
ˣ˸߲ҵʻƺ滳ֵһһֱֱ״̬
滳ַỵ̂תͷŴ˵һ䣺ȫҵǮҪڵϵģġ
Цݣ˵ܡ˵ȴҲ̲סǳ鴤ؿ˰ȫ
滳ǰУΪشԼʱĳƶ졣
Ϊ磬˼СʱϷûþԺ˯˹ȥʱԣ滳ƣٷŻЩԷ·;żеĵӰ
ֱסСͣ˳û滳Ϩ˻˼ҪٵȵȣһֻʹǱƮ˹
˯ˣ滳˰ȫ̽ȥ룬ѣе绰
šԺӦһüһͷ滳鿿ȥļϡ
ֻ춯滳˱Ƕһ㣬Ȼƫͷȥ˯ӣַֻŵøЩֻˣô
ʱԼһЩŨİȫУҲҽӡ
滳۽һȾԼȫܾΪԼõζе΢΢Ի״ƹİóֻĻʾһ衱֡
˿绰
밡ʱĻԷɡӢֻƮ
̣ǻ顣滳ΣԱǸ̽ƣԷûп˶٣˵һϷеۣڳ˯ˡ
ǻ鰡ӢЦ˵ô
ûУջص
ãһϻ㻹û̵أαҪһȥˡӢǺŮѣ˵ǹ˾ȴû쵼ӣԼҲǳò
滳ͷһ벻°͵Ķͷϣ̱æˣҸȥͺãڼǰɡ
绰ǱߵӢǴӦˣ滳ЦŴһ䡰ǰһ˵绰ֵͷ˿룬һС˵˯һˡ
滳СĽͷΣֱתͷȥ
ͣ滳ôҲҪˣӢɻڵǻȥԷҲûԼǰԵġ
İȫ˸ղ뿿ԼͷȻػס뿿壬һ˫һۺЦ⣺Сǣˣ㡣
ţԺĴӦһоϢԼϣҲԼܽڶߡ
绰ȥԷء滳ͷ쵽󣬽ΪʲôҪѡ
ԷţȻ滳Ŀģ͵۾ֱ壬Ҫ˵һôղŴ绰ˣ
ô˯ͿˣӦ滳һģûֲһεĶӣˣ
ʲôղҰӵ绰豾ȥԷ֪Ǵһ֮һȥҴӦˡ滳Цؿ˳Կ״򿪳ţ³ߵ߰ɣ㶫ȥһų̵ա
ĨĨͼ˯Ĩȥ߶䣺ô滳ӡôã滳ҲͣҲѹˡ
׼ʱ䣬˲ࡣ˹ﳵ滳鲢ߣʳӳһ䣺ʲôԵô
˵ģ˼ôΣȻûй۲滳رϲʲôˣֻ֪ƫ嵭ζⲻ˵۲У滳̫ʳˣ滳ǰֻҪ嵭ģֻáڲƽȡĸݡ
滳鿴ûװ˵Ĺﳵ˵Ҷԣóģľͺá
һ£תͷ˵ôƽ⣿
óĻпǶԿζޣԵаõĲˣɺһͱ滳鲻ϣ鷳Ӣ
滳һܲŽﳵ赭д˵ȻȻôպĳСϴ˯ŵʱĽ˵绰
лҪ˵μƪЩΪҪһ˿ˣ²˭

ʮ

Ĵ΢ЦĻ, һţͷĻ滳, ӵôʲôܲ
滳̫, ʶʱôһ, ץ˰ѱĹһ㶼ҪԼó٩
ιӵġһܲŽﳵ, ɫ۵ȴڲסЦ, ĴǶ΢΢
ԼԽԽϲ, һһȥھͷǰαװ, һһ¶Ŀ
Ŀרʳĵϣü΢ǵõӽǳҪԭ, Ҫ֪᲻, Ҫ֪ǵĽչԼķʽȥ¡
Ǵʲôʱʼļ治ΪҲ֪νĽչʹִ֪Բ, ȴҲûҪ˽
Ϊ֪벻ӦҲΪҪǽӽ, úõʶ֪
ֻ, ڻع鵥ľ, Ŀĵüô
ȥӢң滳ʳӢںͷ˱ˮ滳顣
, ˡ
û£Ϊ˳̵գ㲻ʲô滳˫ֽӹЦ
״ȴˣ裬ôֻһ˵裿Ҳءһ˿ζúŲ滳ﲻԾظ𼸷ֺζ
⺢ӡǿˣȻҪԿΪȣԼȥӢ⣬ȴϲ滳ˡ
ټܹ˳飬ǷǳӦҲ˵滳飬ȴԴ滳̬º͵ģһθ滳ǰˣСƢЩʾ滳˵Ѿֻǵͷ֮
ƫģԼԼ滳߳Щӡ
ôҽӦķɣ滳貼ñȽϼԼ£뷿ĿԺܴ
ţҷ䡣վֿʼо˯Ĵڡر滳ϢΧԼߣѣİ˯һ
滳˼תڴ˫ɣ˯ӣ߹ȥߡ
룬˯ˣ
ǰǺͷ˵͵͵ûʲô
ûô쿪ҪҪϢ滳̧ѴļƷ˿˳ĳ˿㻬ָ졣滳һʱָɢı
ڰô˯˼˯յ˵Լô滳ĳ˯ˣһ滳ѡô·;ûи˵һ仰һ˻ôʱ䣬ôԼأ
滳Цˣղڳô˯ģھô˯ҳȥ
𣡡æ׽ס滳һֻ֣һͳԷˣһоͺáߣߡ
滳ţϲ滳ĸоһڴһ꣬滳İġİĻĻӦתһɲǽߵİݡ
滳̫ãõ֪ãȴƲסԼҪġ
Ǿ˯ɣҽ㡣滳˵ԽȥһЩסļһ½Լѹ
֮ǵû˾룬ø뿴һ·ֻҪڣԼõķֺ
ѹ滳һţֱܵĺƽȡŶ˶סһֻ֣ǲŲζ뼴ʹʶģһֱûҪſ˼
滳¶һ˿Ц°ͷţֻǺȻһ뷨ҪôǨ롣
ϴˣ˯ǰһĵ绰벻۵ϲѤŵ̻ʱ򣬸һֿЦݣҪȴԸԼ뿪ʱԼļϳ˯
ʱ䲻֪˶ãϦ䣬ɫС滳Ŀ⿴ȥӢ̽ӣˣôˣ
滳ͷһۣϸ̫ˣ˯һɡСŲס֣Ỻؽƽڴϣ̺ӺŷŲ߳䡣
ӢǸ鷳˻顣
û£ܸϲʱԷˡ滳Ӣһߣʱֵһ䣺̣ҿԴһЩôȥ֮ؼҳԡ
ȻԣҲ㡣ӢЦݵظ滳вˣûЦ⣬ͣ¿˵顭
滳鿴ֹҲŻ˶̣ôˣ
֪ܹ֣֮ԵûӢ࣬Գ׷ɫ
˵滳ֱһй£Ӣ֮ǰδı棬ӢʶӢ˵鲻صġ
Ӣ˶٣һСͶԸǱʶĿܣҵĻȥܹһΣǡ
һֱΪԼԶ飬벻СС;ٹ֮չΪԳ͹߷֮κ˶ǽ䵭ôܹˣȴҲӦе̬
滳Ӣû˵Ļ˺ˣô
ǡӢЩźıʹһ˺ģܵǸˣȫεѡҴææܻؼңôˣ˵ʵüˣſ˵ԺҺ߷㣬˭ҲҪˡ
滳֪˼ϸ壬У鷿Щֻ֪αװļǿʵ϶Ļ⡣֪ԭһֱڿŶԱ˵Ρ
ȴĽӽֻǵĹġ
̣֪ˡ滳¿ӣ֣أģҲᡣ
ǳŵǶԼ˵һüģ벻֪ô
Ӣ滳ڷ΢΢£ŵ֣εǸ̲ǲ㣬ֻǺپһΣҲزȥˡ
һ٣ٶͨ˶ĽᣬοǸԼ룿
滳ͷʼնʲô˽ϵÿһεļ涼Ϊһ֮
ûĸһ͵ȥûƵʱȥţûڡԡϱԼ̬ȣôһδΣᷢ
ٷ滳ĳ˼ڶȹصķڴؿ뾲˯ŵղǳصĻȻõĻɢ˴롣
óֻ봿Ӥ˯գ¿šƬ滳ıӣˣǻؼˡ
ʶػ滳֣۾һ죬滳ˣҪұӡ
лҪ˵Сģʽ

ʮ

ţ滳Ҫ, æԼı, ŭ
𣡡۾һת, ſ˫۱ס滳, 鷳ǵܱ
滳Ϻ㣬ˣֵԭ, 벻滳رǿڵĵطⲻˮζ, ֺȻ, ˺ζ, ҲΪ滳飬Żϲ
ʲôأֻСһ滳Ц, æرס, ŲŲž͵ȥҳѺܸߵģ㿿˯, ̺ӣڻҪź, ôǮ
Цһ, ̧ͷ, ģĸźңҶǮء
һ±ֱֱײ滳ЦۣûмôһŮ˿԰䵭ϵô䵭ʱ˾˵ıʣɵضԴʱȴҲͻأԽ, Ϊܳ
벻ܿƵ滳ָһһظĲʳָϸġüҡ
Լ֮ʼǣ滳ͬʱʣЦʲô
滳飬ƯĿӣͫ￴Լ
ŮﶼװһˣǸ˸жҸԶᣬռĹذԣҸ
̫ˣ붼ܸܵ滳ĺٽһ㣬ܵٶһ㣬滳һ档һ˲䣬ǰŮ˷·һõ壬ȥժϼĴ̡
͵ػһЩ룬һ˿˿鳹ȥ
ˣûؼˡ滳鲻֪ôͻȻˣ״ɴĺ󱳣ʾ´
ؼңԷˣɻ
ѾѳԷʱ˯ȥˡ滳ѵӦѾˣֻܻؼҳˡ
뼸ŵ״̬±滳䣬Ӣװ÷˵ıºϣȥǵóԷ̫˲ԣٳһ㣬Ȼ϶ֵܡ
衭һ˵õĳԷԼ˯ˡ
ˣ֪ۣȥɡӢͳţڹŵһ˲滳һۣ滳֪ٴεͷˡ
סСӢ㲻϶Զ滳ſ˰Сʱ͵ˡ
֮ͣ˭û˵Ҳû³ֻλϡԼ˼ӣ滳ЦһתͷȥѲҪһؼң
Ժҿԡ
ԡ滳ȴ϶شûش㣬ڻش𣬲̫١
滳һʼܾݡԡ֮ûپܾ󣬵Ȼ٣ʱԼӽҪ󡣵ݱϣҪһЩϵԼһЩֻϴ˯ŵʱ
Ҹոտ˯ʱǲͦصģ뿴ƺЩҲСࡣ
ͦصģڻеᡣ滳ٵ˵Ϊϣ⶯˶
Ч棬ҲΪ棬ҪҪҰһࣿ
滳΢Цԡ˵ձ˰ȫ΢ת˸Ա߿Ѽ򽻸롣
ҿʼˡһ£˰ȫ滳飬˫̧Ḳ滳ͷ
Ĵָںʳָָǰָǡð滳кˡܺԵظо͹ĹͷָУ΢΢Ǹ󡭡
һƯ
滳촩·Ҳպ¶һ㣬ע⵽ȴûж࿴̣滳ĶϵĶüᣬһ˿滳Ϣ
ֻ⧲˴˿ķΧҲĻ滳ǰһࡣ
ǼϤİĺӳİĹͬʱҲ滳ƽ
һ𣬷·ŵĴھ˶յƽ֮ڱһ׾ѡһֻͣٵ˻Ǵһһֵؼ滳飬֪ˣǲǣ
滳΢ͷۣüʾŴ˿̵İա
ǣ֪ۣѡ˲ȥΪԼĿı⡣ת룬ղԴɬѾóס
ǵһμʱֻԶһ˿ĮȻȻ˿ȴ̲УҲһ˿һΡ
㲻İ㿴ʱûа㾪ȡ滳飬ӽҵĿʲôдż亮쫷磬ÿֶ滳ͷ뿴ҸϹÿϵΣңȻңţ
룬˵û滳һ֪˻ŵĸܣ֤ݵʱûлţ̩ҪҪӵʱҲûлţʱʼ¡
Цһ˳ͷҲص¥ߣ滳ں棬ȥǰ棬룬˵ҳһʼ㣬ҵµİ취ҡ
Ͼ͹ˣʲô˵ģԼֶڷ۵׿õǷŭȻʹҵʲôֵôؽӽңеĶô
ǵģġ滳鲻ͣر⣬ֻĻȴ벻ۡ
ΪŮ˲һᱻɱ۾Ϊرġ͸żֳŪЦʵ֤ȷʵŮ˲̣ͬҲĻҸ㣬Щʱ˷ûãҴͲ
ԼʲôΪʲôÿ˽ӽԼĿǲ⣿ϲ滳һϲԶʵůӣϲÿһذԼӣϲ̫̫ķ棬ϲ
ˣŭ۰ͨ죬ӿۿģߣҲģǰ˻Ҽеݡ
ϲ滳飬δܵʱЩ㺴Ĺ賤ÿ䡣δȴκһ滳ദϸڡ
룬ҺòãѾ뷨ˣġδ˵滳ζﲻһĻֻǽŵץסֲߡ
ܡǿŲʵø࣬һһٵ˵ɷ򣬴ӽҪңҲ뿴ǡУ㻹ҺôʶһҪȥ裬лл
˦滳߽¥滳ȥһοԵ˫ۡ
ֱ˵ŷԼؿڵһ࣬ǲʳˮһһؽڵֳɡ
֪ÿ춼ڷܶ˲ŵ£δһᷢԼϣ滳Ľӽٱ磬ϲ滳顣
·滳ϣվɫ֪ʱѾɷһƬֻﻹű˦ʱĦ¶ȡǵþڸղŲǰıӣ룬úܽܽ
Ȼ۾͵Ҳˡ԰׵ĴһɬЦݣ΢΢ϣ룬Բ𣬶Բ𡭡
лҪ˵ûлҪ˵

ʮ

ش, 滳ۿһ㱡ɫ, Ŀʢ⼸ʮ¥ͬϰСȴﲻĳ, 䵭
ոձǲȥŮźŽ, ڼžռؿİ칫ԵøܣҸȥƬ, С㲻ڡСңҹϢܵ˵岻, ҪϢһ졣
滳ֱӴ绰, ȴҪԼ͵͵ȥ, ҲܾޡŮԴɻȴҶʡ
岻滳һ, ΢΢Ц, 岻ﲻŶԡŲӳԼ˵쵽°ʱ, ǰȥɣˡ
ƺл, , ˵, ǻصЩ
ҵʲôֵôؽӽңеĶô
ɷ򣬴ӽҪңҲ뿴ǡ
ɰոոӢ֤˺룬ûñ㷢¡Ǹõļһ, ˣûа취̷ӦȣΪǸϤ
ôϣҪӽʱȫû뵽ôѡ
ڵһμ̹Լ֪£ûС
滳齫칫˴뻭ֽϸպãϨ˵ƴ°ࡣֻ߳ݵʱӭһ˿ˣȻûвĲʣΪ˵ӡУһֱƽܵõ׽˵͡
ţһˡ
üЦվڲԶǰ·ְԱ͵Ц滳Լ䡰޶֮Դǡ
˵ߴӢɵʱż滳°࣬һ̽ټļѻڼ˵У滳鲻ֹۺ񣬾ɷ֮
ʲôʱ򵽵ģ滳鼫ǳЦһ£ܿȥһ˿ͳԿǰͷ
յáҪӹ滳İźۼر֮ܿûʲôЦ˵ţҵĳؼҰɣҶˣȥǱסˣϰࡣ
ȥôˣô滳ҲЩԼģõʱ⣬ôҶȹ
ߵͣ滳鰴ң˵ãҲϰ߰ѳҹ˵ߴ򿪳˳
Զȥĳӣһ˿ɻô滳ƺ֮ǰ䵭ˣϸ룬ȴҲﲻͬǹʲôϸ΢ı仯ɡ
һǰһص滳صδ̤ķ䣬Щ°׼ļ鷿˽
ţҸˣ㿴ӴͷùԼŽ滳ǰŵСӣ˴ˮ
ô֪滳ϲղظ͵鼮֮⣬Щ֮ʵû滳ôϲ󲿷ŮϲĶԣ෴ģŮ˶ӵеģȴ㡣
ţŰɡ滳üԵػһЦݡ
ûв´ĻʲôطҲҪʲôǵµıϢ
뵽ֻͨѶ¼ɫȻصһϵβܽӵϵˣټº֮ԼйصĽͨ¼ɾ
ڼҳ԰ɣҺܾûиˣʱڰǱ߳Բ߰ɣһǷǳֵģ滳³ҪôҪô밢
滳ӦܣµҲ֪滳ڱں˳ԼĶ֮顣
ãҵš
滳Ҫɳȥ鷿زֹֻס滳֣ͷֱϿӡһǣ˵ҡ
߳䣬滳üͷչһЩֻ촽ȴýģԽԽˣҪʲôز
滳鷿޸°ǰûıʱ䰲ʲôʱθʲôǰ滮ЩʱӰϰȴرƣ׼ȷ˵ʶ֮Լơ
¸ֱǣļ߳鷿Ųȥæµ𽥷Ŵűߣװ׺ӵĸߴӰ
йôһҲԼˣ񻣬ٲкĳĶ΢΢εһ˫۽΢΢˫
滳¶һĨЦ⣬ǡתܾûм滳ôȻЦˣֻʹȻ¶Цݣƽֻڴȴﵽ۵׵Ц
ţҲڼôãûң滳ʱ߽ˣϸ߼ˮζɲۡ
Ȼ룬ڲ⡣滳΢ͷش˹мᣬⱾƲһ仰ʱ
»Ұɱȥȥ̫Զˣ绰㶼ҪʱٵȵȣϾͺáעʱһϵϢ۾ǲһƬĺ
Ůεĺãֻŵ滳һŮˡ˵ЩŮֻΪ˽ڣΨһŮˣĹޡ
Էʱ滳鶼ûڣ滳ûҪͨ뷨ǿɫƽŷٺúദ
ɫʰ֮ϴɾԼ֣˽Ų߽鷿滳龲ǰϲ̬֮һ߹͸ֻԶ۲µϢЩ׵Ů˲ɱġ
ı۰Ȧס滳彩ס֮ŷӦߴͳɤţҳźܾˣϢ
˵Ļ˯һеûꡣ滳̧ͷĲӰ￴۾Ũص
Դӽ֮ûеõһ˿˿׽ʹ̬ºͣС֮ĵһϣ޷˱ľܾ
滳תԼӦ֪˵Ϣ˯һģţǺܾûйˡ˵žͻؿͼȡǼµ˳չ
滳ƲǱĲʱڵĺԼңǰ˵ˣ˵ҪһҪ֪ģҲϲ
ֻҪ뵽鱨ЩŮˣθͷƽһھѾͻļˡЩ֪һദʧ䣬ζ
ʲôʱǿѹŻƽ滳һֱ㲻ܹȫ֮ӦˣҲûҪȥŮ˽⡣
ҲȷҴ绰ĺһ°ɡ滳ʾԼҲȻֻͨĺԵĺ롣
кιɰҵܾ
ĺԲֻͨ滳һֱֻȭϻǲĺԣǰ˵£Ҫ˵Լҽ档ҸʱҺø˵һˡ
ĺԱһͷˮͻȻǾ䡰ˡ֮˶æ˵ޣԶԶԣҰأ֪Ҫ˵ʲô˵ʲôʱҲ
滳Ƿ޲ĺ˭Ǹ滳һ𳤴ġ滳ĪĻĺŻش˼ټϺһˣΪ֪ˣ֪滳йˡ
һ˿˿ƮУӲҲ÷ˣһ󱲣ôҵҳң滳ΪԼؼҶˬ򽨰صԼ˳ȥҲ
ȻϢʱҲڼңĹҲһܴ󡣡ֳһеӣ֣滳˰
ãһ·ˣϢɣõҡõ滳鲻ԼЦݣһĵôϣҲ޼ƿʩ
лҪ˵ڻҶƶǸ鷢չõ
ԤС糡
ϵͳʾС˵룺ܼս׼ӭӡ
ͷҲ̧Ʋֵ˵ʲôƭҡƭҡ

ʮ

滳鿪ų˵ۺɽׯ, Ŀȷȥһ, ĺ԰·˵绰
ղҪϴͷһֱ׵ʻ, Ȼ̫, ǵȷµˡ
ţлл滳΢, ʳָָôŷ̡
лأ϶Ź㰡, ֻҪһؼҾҪ׷ϴǲŽ鼸, ˶ٸŮˣôòŻ, Ź֡
ĺԻڣ벻Ů, Ǿ, ϣŮ˿úܵͼҲΨһܹĵҲֻ滳ˡ
滳ûӦĺԵĻ, ˶ٲŽȥǱߣʱӦöס, ˵һ
ЩȷҪ, Ѿų, ǰܹྴȴѾȫٽܡԼ˵Ļ滳ֻܲһǿҵķС
ҪصǰǶȻܵģһλľκҳϣθǽҳϵĻϡѾŴβ, Ҫһһ߽滳ΣЩ֤ݰǰʱνθоѾʧ
뵽滳ֶУ˶Ҫµı档
Ӵĺϵ˷ܵϰҪˣˣŰɡ
û˱뿴ܴˣʱģȢؼҲúϧ뵱滳鲻Ǵѧʱǹ׷߶ܴӳŵǱˡ
滳鷳ع˵绰ӿٶȿСûʱȥͣ⣬ؾȥˡ
ɳȥţӳľ滳߳ƽ͵ƺúܼܸо΢΢
룬ңԽȥôʹоĻӭ滳黹Ҫһԣ֮ǰôϵ
ʢܾҴҵԼСԼܲܽȥҧס´һۣ࿪š
ֻǹ˶ʮСʱŭĳˮȥ뿪ʼ滳顣ȥһϧĻݵ̬ڵ绰Ӧ
ܵ˵˼٣㡣滳ڹ֮þò˵ôһ䣬۾Щףƺ޹һؼ֮ΪԼ޹ô
ôҺܺãˡ飬Ը滳κǣˣΪһϲ滳Ϊ
ԭܵϲмͥˣ滳ǵз֮ŹԼƵӽԼĿֻΪάͥȥϲֻţҲҪ
ΪǧָˣгһձϷ˼⣬˶ָҪ/ˣȥ˼ӡ
룬㲻ҪҳҴˡ滳һ˿ǸΣ׽ס󣬡ǺûҪȥʲôֻάָĹϵ˶ѡ
֪ʲôʱʼҪѾѺ۵ļͥ滳ϲദûй˼ûƣĽϲΪԼʱ򷴹ԭ£С͵˸оԼİݡ
һֱİȫУΪϲãΪȻĳֶ˷ܵüץס֣Լǹϡ
˦滳飬Цһгζָǽô֮ô
滳ֵôȻ´ͷβαװҲ˵׼̽羫Ӣܿ͸ģô˵ʱ뻹ǿƲסԼȥ
룬ǣ滳Լ֪ӵʱԾһһжķһһϰһһϲ
ǡ˵Ϳʼˣô滳鲻ľܾץס⣬Ϊ籾Ϊ鲻Ҫ㲻ΪȥΪ
ͲΪȥʲôģǻ룬в֡ģһֱһֱһ𣬲Ϊκء
뵽滳¶ͻЦݡгϵʮа/ţøֵȥάˣûʲô˵ȥġ
𵱳ĳԣֻûòԼϲһʱĸоһֱάϵͥǿҵĳ嶯
Ϊʲô뿴滳¶ЦݣȻҲһͬ΢ЦȻһ䣬Ϊϲô
ΪϲԼŻһһεؿһһεԴһһεظԼϲԼԼʵ֮һԼŴӿ֮绰Լ˯ȻԼ벻ʱ򣬴ųЦݳԼǰ
滳Ĭţ̧ȥԼĸһֻĴָµۿ΢΢ףֹӣΨ
ûú˯ôΪʲôңҸô绰ӡ
滳顭Ϊϲҡ
ץס滳Լ֣ѹźҪӿĿɤ˵ңҲҡ˵ҲӦҪԷģҪٰʱ˷ϡ
㲻ң滳ΪԾɽԼΪάϵͥӽ￴һ˿˿
߰ɣҲ뿴㣬Ժ󶼲ҪҡòŸоԼϢԶȥһصĹ
Цˣֻۿŵ춯֮Խʹԭ滳Ҳʱ
滳鿪ųȥһ·϶ӭĺԻҶ˵һ䡣
ֱԼĺԲʵ飬ղȥˣôòŵ
ӵۺɽׯôãĺԴҲ벻滳ϻȥʲôط
ȥˡ滳Ѱһţɳüͷ
ŶĺʶӦһһըˣ滳ǰ滳飡˵ȥˣ
ôˣȥô滳鲻ΪȻ
ǡҵܣýֺͷú룬Ϲ׷ϸһʲôĺԶ滳Ի·̫⣬֮ǰշ˼ʱ˵Ҫ
ҾãҪ滳ݸһЦһĳγĿԳᡣ
ǡȵȣ⻰ʲô˼ĺæ滳׷ʣԺͻȻĳһ˵൱ڡԼҪ顱ͷôˣϹûϹŮˣǿˣ
˵滳ƳһۣȴԼĻֻͣʵô
ˣֻҪţ©ĺԵعŴЦû滳ҲϲŮˣŮ˻õġ
ϹòŮ˱ˣعȥƻ𱬵ţȶȳұӦģ
𾪣̫ү쵱δ죬Ӻ¶᷼ģʵڷʡ
ô˵ʵĺӶ滳άʱӣڴϵĻ滳Ӧġ滳֪ôôŮ֮Ȥһ˼ҹϹѻ鸾ŮĻ
ûС滳ûⷽ棬׽ľٶӦþ§ˡ
ʲôûǶûУĺ־һΣ滳ͷɸֵʲôûҪһܸаɣ
Ǻ޲ðԼĶ̸滳ˣһֿ˱Ѫ滳ȻաһϿɲ棬϶أǻٳ
һͷʤҪؼͥܺãǵദ滳麮ŵ̸ڻ˿͸һ˿˿ů⡣
滳飬ûڶôϲĺʼղҳ滳Ļ֪ӣֿĵЦĺԲòţͬһŮˡ
滳ò˵Ҵ˵Լȷ¡
ĺֻܵͷҪҰʲô
סķԿ׸ңȻǱҪôͽ㣬ﲻҪҪľ滳ÿĴŸĪĻȡ
˵Ļ𲻵׳µģرˣ滳յˡ㲻ȥҰ֣
ңֱϾҵңָҰ˼Լ¶֮Ҳȥκ˵滳ϾǸޣ˺ӣԼҵ͸¶򽨰ֻҪ֪Сס˵ʲô
ĺζؿһϷҪĻˣԼҪҪӵⳡϷζһأ
лҪ˵ˣ˶ˣĻһμͱˣҪҪһ˭ȱף
һ½Ƥ

ʮ

, ˸ǩЭ֮󽻻ļ, ٴǩԼ֡߷ϱñվ, ԱߵҲһְԼװŦ۴, ֵܣϣǺ졣
졣߷΢Ц佻, ļ
롣̰һʿȣ߷һͬ߳ҡ
ŸԵ, ̰׵ͳɤľ, ̸, ֪ܷҹͣ
߷ΣҲ, ֻǵõϢΪʧ, ԭѾ˼Ҫõһ롣ɼˣϣܹʶ
õˣܳΪ˹Ȼź, ܹ֪Ҳ㹻ˡ
˼, ҸԼǰ߷㱧Ǹ˵, , ƾȷʵԼ˵̫ûԼһ𿴳Ӱ
ˣĺϴҲҪӰ
Ҫ´лԼ̰׳ֿػӦ, 漴͹߷µһ¥á
߷Ųת˵͵ɡ
Ҳãǹߡ̰ҲǿѣתΪĿԶ
ƾƵĳڴǰţ߷㽻ļع˾ʻĳ˳
̰׸մӹ˼׮⣬ڳǶܿáƾĿԶûŤͷ߷㡣
ʶ߷Žһ䣬Գ̰ȫûҪ˽Ҳ֪ƾôͻȻ
㣬ֻҰֳӡƾЦһڹ⽿ĸɼѧλ߶ձģϸֻǳԱķݡ
ղһֱų̰͹߷Ǳʵǰۡ
ȻǿޣȻгġⶼǱ˵£ûϵɡҲ֪ʲôԭһʮƾҽֻ˽£ӣѱͷ¶ߡ
ĺͬǽʹ㷺ˣ߷ʱὫƾƵΪĺĿǰΪֹԼӡԱȡʱĺԾͱƾҪ˳۵öࡣ
˳ԹͲȥĵӰԺ߷ƽʱҲпӰƬڿӰƱӡŵĿֲƬ֣ĬĬظԼһ
ű£ءƾ߷ļ򰲸˾ҪһȻù߷
һӳʮ˵ķӳֻˣҰõλá3D۾ֲ֮ľͬʵǰһ߷ÿÿץӷ֣ƾƱﰲ
ڣһ˿ڱѪȻڴĻʱ߷صһ£·ʾһҪֹͣҵժ۾۾һӶԸٿ
ƾֹȥѹ߷ԼοţôˣǼٵģ¡
֪߷㲻̫ܽƬӣÿֲʱ㱣ֶ⣬⡰㱡ҪġȻŮ¶ƵȻñ˼Űһӳ
߷ͷ䣬ǿά侲ǻȥɣҲ뿴ˡ
ãǾͻؼҡƾ۾ﻮһ˿ĿĴɵ㣬Ȧס߷ԼΪͣȥ
ƾƽ߷ϳ֮ϵðȫҪ뿪ʱ߷۾˵һ䣺ȥǱߡ
ȥƾǸطһŴѣÿƾҪҪദʱŻȥʵ˶ǸطҹƾƼ޷һ㲻˷ʱ£ǲϲһİĵطڶ졣
߷ֻǵô룬Ȼƾȴǡ
ôδ̤߷ԾסĵطһʾҪ˽ֱԾܾܣζˡһα׼Ǹʾʱˡ
ڹ߷סСͣó֮󣬹߷ѾܹߣֻɫЩ԰ףȫһղӰƬѪȵһĻֻһζѱ
ţ߷Ťͷһ۸ƾƣǳǳ̾˿ˡ
ţһסǲ̫㣬ᵽǱ߰ɡƾסļеطɳϣƽʱҲչ㡣
߷Կӵ輸ϣԴ˵㲻ҲסǱôֻǸһʱиطѡȻˣҹȥҲһˣƾǵСž֪ܲ
ƾ齩һ£ָֻܿ§Ź߷ֺõǱ߱ϾҳȥĵطڵĻһȥĴ϶һЩˡ
˵ǸطǸʱŵ㣬߷ЦƾֱֱĲļ͸żֲ̬ǿŮˣȴǵҪװɱ˻ǿϲֺԼŮˣɹ߷԰Ů˲ŸӦȢš
ƾŤһȥᣬҲһ㲻֡߷㼸ʹȫƿƾƣɫˣһʹ
ɳվֱڱƵòײϲ輸ƾϡһַŲ輸Եվ𣬲õ𽥳۾¶飬ʲô
Ҳ롣߷㵭˵üʾжôĲԸ⡣
߷㣬֪Լڵôƾѹõڱ߷̬ͬȼը/ҩƵҵŮѣǺܿͻᶩ飬Ȼͻ飬˵ùȥô
߷ľܾԼʮָѾ˵һξܾʲôʱģõֻǵŮѲЩŮϴ
ʲô˵ȥģѵһ»֮ҹдô߷ԼĲʶĬԶԡ
ʲôģǳ綼ҪģǰһʲôϵǸˣģΪҵŮѣΪŵˣΪʲôͲһ㣿ƾƾǲˣҪˣע˵ΪʲôǰӵУ
ǵһΰóۣǰƾһεҲ̹ȥˣʱ䳤ҲʼұŮ˽⣬ڻҲǰ϶ˣʲô
Ҳ߷۾һƬı˱ǻȴºͣӦòֻһУ˶УΪʲôȴ̣
δţΪʲôҪ̣ƾƲʾ
ô֪һ飿߷ûжѿڶ⻰ĮȻ̬ȴƾﾯ
ʲô˼۶գŹ߷㣬ϸػţȻЦôԳ̰кøУ
벻κθвɣֻнǸģĶŵĳ̰ףй߷ǻȴ䵭Цݡ
߷һǳЦʲôֻһߵſڴţˣ̸
Ź߷Լʣƾ޷ʲôҪЮ߷㡣ٲģҲֻôӱǻصءߡһˤŶȥ
ƾһߣ߷ƣբĺˮ֫Ǧ֧ƿƾƵ̼ȫйȥɳ壬˫۵ûС
ٻǰһؿ׵ˣԼ£ܾԼܵ¡
ҰԼƣκˣ룬ԼͲʣļڱ֪֮᳹ױĨ𡣿Լ˵ܹܵģ
лҪ˵һҪ飬һҪ
̫үƴĿǰǷʰϰʰƤ߾С
һ»ϰС

ʮ

ĺ⼸춼ʮַŲ, Ϊ滳һֱס, ûа취ȥ, Ϊ񶯲Ҫ۹
, Ϲ죬оԼоԼ, ø򽨰غȲ̸Ҳ滳ʵˢĺԵޡ
Ҫǻ, ҳ, һ԰ȫ, ﻹɵһ죿
ĺԱһļȥԣسǰ˵, Իط, ϰ¡
⺢ӣô˵ģ򽨰һװŭ⣬һ˵һվԼֻ
, ȷҸĺ£һ̸ղŵ, ȥϢɡ滳һĺʱļ, ֪һǷ˵ɵ¡
Ǻ, ͵ˡ򽨰ءǺǡһת˸ĺͷһ֮յĿת뿪
ʲô£滳ɨһǵļָĦɰ豭ıء
Ǳߵ˴ϣȫӡˡĺɫ٣ļȫŵһ֮µļ, ֮ǰ㿴һݣʱǰийϵ˱ȫ¼ˣмǹġ
滳ͷĴָʳָסأָűףɫ侲Ȼ
㲻ȥôĺóһݣ򿪵һҳ졣
ᡣ滳һڲ裬ζƢЦǲϲǿˣϲŮĵӭһļֲиԿֻҪһ첻ӦͲӲֻڱһЩȨЭ
˶٣۵׳ƽͣЭҲԸ⡣
ѹôġ׷ϣһûģֲܴ򶯵ˣӲ͸ˣĺ̾滳ˣŮ׷ҲͰˣֱԼ׷ϵŮ˻ſˡ
뵽ʣ飬ϲô
о̫ԣͶϵĻ滳αشô죿ȫȥ빲ȴ
滳ٶ豭΢΢ͣ٣Ҳ֪
㲻֪ĺԼֱһ㻹֪ʲô֪ͼıô
ܻڶûڸôˣûȷԷ뷨ҪΪ¶ôදȻû滳ϲ£ҲӦ룬Ĳܲ滳¶ĵԭϳ
֪滳һ֪Ȳ֪ǷҲ⣬Ҳ֪Сžš
㲻֪֪ĺԾԼһᱻ滳衣
֪
滳鵭ҪĺԾͲ쳤Хˣôôɵˣ
ʲô֪͸ΪϹĺΪһΪ룬滳鲻ͻȻһԼ˼
ʹûҲװ֪¡滳²豭ĺΪԼ򿪵ļת˸ͼĺԣʱӦǱҳȥ¡ȻˣʹҲͬ⡣ָһŲɫƬϵĸѶƣɫ
ĺǳ鴤˼£ǡ͡һЦ˳˵ǸʲôãⲻעҪô˵Ȱѻˣ
֮Ͳǳˡ滳ƣ˵ϧѾˡ
ո֪ʱ˼ԼӦô죬ڵ龳ǣһָ֮ǰķ޹ϵˡ
ǸϾʶԼ޷ٽ׽ҲͬǸϣۿʱ֪ԼѾزȥˡ
ľҪ飿ĺԺļһߣƬ̫ۻˣһζٿ
滳û˵Ҫ飬ĺԲµˡӣƵֵزοĺҲδƣȻΪȥһ֡
յֶ˶٣漴۾ϸƮȻģһɬ㣬شӺ伷һ֣š
ҹ滳ǵӦй򽨰صĻȥ鷿ٽĻ
ٸʱĵ绰üʱ滳ֹסŲ
šŽԼһ˵ķ䣬ֻͨ滳顣
ţô˻˯滳º͵ػش򽨰Цݵؿţ滳ĻӦӦû
ѾҺüˣʲôʱԴؼ֮ûټ滳飬Ȼһ绰Լ˵ҪСסﻹǲ
ѾһʱûˣҵʲôҪǵʱԼ
ŻҪɣ尢̶ϣҶ졣滳Ƴһ򽨰ء
ôô˼Ҽţ򽨰عһ䣬˵̲סЦ
򽨰һ䣬ôҲҷֻ˵ϢҪʱ绰ңҹȥ㡣
ã˯滳˵绰λϡ
⺢ӻû涼Ǹ绰򽨰ֺǺǵ˵
Ҵ绰ÿ춼С滳ģɵ˵
ĺõģ򽨰أֻ˵Сס򽨰֮䲢׽ȻȥһʶС
ԼסĿͷ滳鰴һѾμĵĺ룬һβȥҶϣڶλǹҶϣڱ
룬˯ô滳¶ղŸ绰ʱǳЦֻǸղƽ˫΢΢ţԳ΢ЦӣůůĹ
滳飬˵ĻôðĻһ˿ŭһ˿ŭĽ
˵˲ԼҪټ棬ִ绰ҵλϹô뵽ͶµûţԼôô׾ϲһˣôΪƶеһ㿪ġ
öԼôĲˣҲˣ滳ᣬڽ̵һĺӡȻұ֤һϲԼ֪ѹġ
ȥʱ벻ۿֺһȦǲò־ıְ
ͷ˵滳Ҳ֪ʲô˼ֻ֪Լ˸ţ˵ˡˣڼҡ
ûûţֻƽƽһ䣬һӾͻҲصعҶ˵绰
滳鶢ֻĻЦʱץͷǽȥôôµϵԼø֮ǰһͲܻȥϹԼô
˵Լǲ֪ܣ֪滳ĿĲ֪滳֪Լȥϲһз֮
ⱻʶͬ˹ļһ㣬ܹ䣬ܻͷջأֻĿݺݵضȥ
лҪ˵ϰҪΪ
һ±

ʮһ

벻滳ô׵شס, ֪ԼŸʵ뷨Υľٶ, 滳ڶϹȥʱ, ûҵ
滳һ˼, ˳ͷһȥ, ȻǱܿԼǱض
Ӣ, ֻǽе㲻һ֪֮ǰŪһƿ, һ򿪾ԶԶŵ, ӢֹѾƵغ˺üڡ
, ôҪȾˣӢǵ, ˣȥɳһɣȥѾ
, أ㼱ʲôһҪȶ, Ҿס¡˻ξƱ, üЦ˵
ҲûֻȾƲԷ, ҲǸûƵĿ͹࣬еһһţʣӢĶԻҲʮ
Ȳ߾ƣһӺô軰, ˡӢ˵žȥžƱ֣˭֪ӢֲӲ
嵹ǻˣӢ̾ȥţ˲ò˵ʱ
飿ôˣ
̣룬Ӧɡ滳Ц˵
ڵģӢȫûʶԼˣ滳ȥ˵⺢ӽϾˣ˵Ҳ
ͦԵġ滳鸽˵ûڼҹԹԵţȾƣ
Щû룬һμʱЩͬڵΪƾӰ죬˫ĿԼžӨ⣬ˮĴǳЦ̬ɢһɹƻζ
ټ滳飬ƺͲµһ㾪ȶûУֻקס滳֣ϵЦԽů滳飬ҺȾƵô
⺢ӡӢһ߿Цá˵ˣ̬ѵúܣ˵־ô
ԡ滳׽סԼ֣еǻؼȥȣҪŰϢòã
ɺһ壬ۣƺЩģʣڻȥô
ţң֡滳ץסԼ̧֣ͷӢṆ̀ҲáΪҵźȾƵģȥ֮Һúø˵
Ӣ˵֮ദĦͺáɲٺˣ㿴һƿˡһָϵľƿ滳ȥ
ƽʱٺȾƣ˲ƿЩ״ӢͶĲ豭ݹȥ˵ⱭߣѾơ
ȣûôңüߣӢûޣֻðѲ豭Ųȥ
滳鿴ţһ䴽룬
벻˼صͷ滳һֻù豭ɫĴƿϣ˾ͻȥ˯һȥţ
ҲӦѱӴսˣز촽߹Ȼ΢΢ͷ˱еĲˮ
źţԼ̧˫űӣҪ滳İ滳վӢЦ˵ʱǶʮĳˣĺӣԲó˵ķʽԴ
˵ԼûءӢҡͷߵĸεģһתͷȴ滳麬ЦĴǡ
һ滳Ӣǣ¥ʱ滳ÿ߼ҪͷܲԼߺá
ͷβΣµ⣬ϳǰ滳һ䡣
Ρ볶ס滳һֻ֣滳ȥš
һ˫·۾ǰˣ֪˭Ҳ֪ԼûеһʱƿᣬĺãҲ˹롣
滳飬ΪʲôҪңҶˣ㻹ҡ˵һ˿˿˳ҿʱֲ벻㣬ҡ
ӲֻǸպЩȥľƾĻϻӣ˵ĻȫǼѹöġ
ҵĻͲˡ̫ױҲµˡ滳鷴ջ֣ƺΪЩƲܹЩĻ
ǣҲܼ㰡ǲԵġʹҡͷҪ滳ģ˦ҲҪ滳˦
ΪʲôԣΪʲôң滳סµļ̵ˣµľܳܵľı֡
ԼµһߣֻҪһ㲻ȷУҪ׿˵
գ۾ټɫϧĹС˵Ϊϲ㰡Ϲ˵ʱôᣬҲƻļͥҲϲ㡭
滳ЦЩĨĨ˵˵žҪۿһһٵ˵ƻҼͥĲ㣬ԼԼϲˡ
ţʲô˼һһ㶵ģ滳Ŀ΢΢Լˣû˵ŻһֱҪԶԼ
ȻؼңصҸ㡣滳¼ǣס˳šҲϳȥʣ滳ϵϢԥѡȥš
θӢԼ߷βһѪеġ滳飬֮ĲӦãȴΪ޷Լ˼
·ʱ۾ʱȥ滳顣ƯŮĿģοŮ㺵ģζ滳оõмϺ̵ͣ˳תͷЦĿ⡣
ص滳ë˲Ҫһ㣬ȴ滳飬ҪղŵĻ⡣
滳飬ϲôʵֱӣֶֻקס滳ֱۡ
滳ֻһߣ¸̾ȻˡҪǻƽʱղڳԼǾ仰㹻⺬ˡ
˶٣ϲ˵֮һ΢ȣȻҿһۡһǲȴԵԼĴ𰸵ˣûа취ȥһһʾֱӵĻشܰ
˵滳شʱ䡱һը졣滳мҵˣôǲԵģ˶ǲԵġ
滳飬ԣСԺҪˣҪˡɿˣɫһӻǺȶˣɵˣʲôʲôϡǵá
滳뺦߶ЦˣԺ˵Ȼó˵ķԴ룬滳黹ѡһֳ˵ķ
뻹ڵ滳ļͥһȴݾܾƮĶͷĴһ£һһ˳Ųߡо滳ƺˣסĵڴԼĴ滳ûԥظžĴ
Ԥһݣ滳Լ룬ǴľԼС໰ﲻ˵滳ѾһһӴ䴫
ֻԼܾǳֹδءһץ滳֡
룬Ҳ֪ܼǵö٣ұҪ˵滳ɫʱúϢҪ˼룬һʱġ㵣ĵⲻᷢƻҼͥˡ
һ£̾˵ĲҲʶ㣬ʹûҲᵱЩûзϲ㣬ҪûбҪϵ
뿴Ｘһšֻһ˼滳Ҫˡ
Ҫôˣһ˫⣬ģ滳ֲò뿪ֻ÷ϴɺãָǺ̺ӡ
룬ú˯ǵҵĻ滳ıӣó֮ǰԼʱǽ˺ıǩ绰űǩʱȷԼĺַ֮Ž˰
Ҫޣҡ
ڵ绰ֵдһ֣ѹڴͷϰŵıӵ¡
ٲҲһǣĿϨ˵뿪ȻסңȴҹޣڻΪʱ
ʣȴܲ壬ܽڷ˼⣬Ϊʸ֮ġûȫһ֮ǰκα˺Ŀԡ
лҪ˵С糡
ıһ¡һ¡ô졭
ҵ滳˸磬ﰵ룺»һϡ

ʮ

ʱͷ, Դװ˸ƵҡҡλΡкܶܶļ䱻֮Ժ︡, Ӣ, 滳顣
滳顣
ǵԼ㵽Ӣ, 滳ȥˡȻ۾ϸ, ΪĻ䣬ǿʼʹ
滳ǣ, , , ϲۣԼ촽, 滳
ƻҼͥĲ, ԼԼϲˡ
ϲ㣬ҪûбҪϵ
ЦݴĴһһţԼðɵ, 滳ĻشԼǡ
һ̶Ըⵢ, ȥֻ, ֻһԵıӵ¿Ϥıǩ滳ĺ, ֣һ
̫̫Ļĺֻ滳ֻܶ滳ֲͨǸ, ŶĽͨ
滳ͣ˱ȥǸޱעĺ룬ɫǳض԰칫ǰվŵ˵ȳȥɡ
õܡŮЦ뿪
漴ֻһش貵⣬ĵһ䣺ûⶼˡ⣬ƺǰЩҪҫۣȴָ͡
绰˭ûȿڣ滳ʼŸղļƽȵĺдʱӹֽŲġɳɳֻͨﵽĶУ滳ֻǱߵЦˡ
ҲһδһЦˣ
šҧŴƲסЦݣ͵͵شӦš
úϢɣѾܵ˵ˣġ滳ʹ˵绰޽˵Ľ飬ûжʾʹӦ
šһӦһֽ̺ӣϸСţʲôʱܼ㣿ң㡭̫Ժˣû滳ԻؼЩûע⿴滳ı顣
ûܸ滳飬
֪滳ļ־н˵δ˵Ļһں䣬һ˿˿
ۿٶֻ﷭ӿĲǿɬѿҺ壬ᶼ΢Ц˵ҽ֮ǵҹң˵ĻˣҲԸ㣬Ǹô죿
滳ͣ˱ʣأҾȥ㣬ٸ˵һ飬ֱȷȥΪֹ
붢űǩϵġҡ֣ʢۣǵ滳˵˺ü仰ǵá顱һ䣬ʣ滳飬᲻ۣ
滳鲻ͨˣɼֻͨˣ鶼ֻ˵£ǹϵͥ
滳֮λ֪滳ᶥѹ֪滳ݣλĿʼͽֻ˵£壬ᶼעġ
úõңҾͲˡ滳Ȥ˵ǰģ
˭ӦҪˡ
ǱߺȻΡһҶ˵绰滳Ц⾹ղأ·Ѿ뺦ߵӡ
ǱѾ˵ˣھͲԼߡԸΪ飬滳ǵֲ˺ãﻹǣԼϡ
һһϦ£ǰö˶˵ģ֮͸ѣԵɷǵƽϢ̬Ĳ룬̾ͽ֤ݰǰ»ӼҷĿɳ
ˣҪѵӰڳһЩʱաЩ鲻ǱȻҪعģҪҪع⣬ع٣ͿηӦˡ
滳ң̩ɶǳ֣ǻôô滳黹ؼҳԷҼʹǻҲһ
滳ѻؼҵʱյúܾ׼̩ǰ򽨰֪ԼסҼ죬Ҳ򽨰ش̩֪ѾعΪѲϵ̩Ů滳齫һѾ˶ꡣ
滳ȥĸķ⣬ţ֣衣
飿Щȣ滳ǼǷģӭš
̩۾һװ鼮ɳϸɾȵ΢΢̧۵Ҫ飿
֣衣Ҫǡ滳̩£˵Ҫ顣
̩һʱе飬һʱǴʧɫæ滳߹е飬⻰ɲܺ˵⼸鶼ôܵĵز
룬ƺ뵽ʲôֵǰ׼Ҫӵ飬ǧ¡
ɳ֮⣬Ҳ벻ʲôǵ滳˾Եɡϸ룬滳ҲΪһܹ嶯¾ģҲ飿
̩Ȼɵ˼ΪݣʾɲҪʣ漴ʣĺˣӼǱôͷģ˳ȥôۣЩ㶼ô
ûʸ飬Ϊ˿ëıǸ飬̩ɽķҹϵŮѶɵѷ졣ʱеĿⶼ׼滳飬̶ǣڲ
ýĲҡ滳¶һĳЦݣϵļڲ輸ϡ
ע⵽滳ŶģҴӲȥֽĺ
̩ϵŵһߣһļ˹һ˼ҳɫԽüͷͬɽͣļеֱԼɼƺڷѹڵŭ
̩ô
һˡֻûڣ̩һƽļڲ輸ϣڷڲ輸ϵļմɲ豭ײ˼ҡ
ˣ̩ŭɶվ˼ȴƱһ𣺡˶ûεô
ļһҳҳϸϸ¼Ů˰֤ͨݣںʱ䶼һĿȻЩͼƬ
⡭Ҳ̫ɸſļݣֻ˵һҳٿȥһ
ЩҪǴ˳ȥô˵ã˵滳Ҳÿ
ʲôʱֵģ̩ŭ𣬿ʼ˼Ӧδ
ǰ滳̩뷨ȴһһ䡣
˶ã
ݵʾ緢ǰ滳˵ʱٶЦЦģΪԼɱôøеΡ
̩Ǳ۾ͷֵ̾©õ֮ǰ鲻ģҲʱͿʼˡ
ŮʱΪŮмӵ˿ԸҸһһû뵽ϻˣɰﾹ˻¡
ԼŮ۾ŭѾ˼ֻ֣ɫԾϣʣļôرڽʱ䡣
ûֿȻ֪滳ѾϤ顣ǳΪǾͲʲô硰һʱͿܹ͵ˡ
滳룬һļǰŲһЩղſһģһģġҽĺԣÿ춼˶
֮бҪúллĺԣⷽĺԶҪЩϵ뱻ܾ֮߳ŭȥ֮ǰŮˣ׮׮еһȻǲʡȥˡ
ɺȻ֮ǰ滳ʹ⣬ȻһĪ滳еǸѡԼǸʱ滳Ѿ֪Щҳã״̬
飬ˣ趼ΪǹúҸɻۣԼҲŮˣ滳ʮ»̥µĺӣ˹ۣܲ
裬û¡滳ºͻӦס֣תͷ̩ᶨ˵Ҳٽһġ侲˼죬Щ춼סĺǱߣȷҿǵú
仰⼸г̣̩֪Ѿ˼ǹ˵ԼסңԷ¶ˡ
̩ɳĿþõͣ滳ϣҲ˿㣬ûаԥֻ̩ĵݡ
ջĿ⣬ûûв͸ǽЩһ𽥳ڴڵҰԼŮ˻˲ҪҲա
ллңϣԼ費ҪţӼǱһᰲźõģһӰҡ滳鿴׿ϣŽ
˵Ѳǵķ⣬ȻҪô嶼˶Ӱ졣ɹ׻ɼ滳鲻ǺСһȫԵġ
룬̩ӦȻˣǸô
滳ͷһʯͷ˵ء
صźĺȥһ绰ĺԣ˳绰Ѿס͸¶Լҹ
۵һ˿͸ȴĺҹ˸еɪɪ⡣
лҪ˵·¾

ʮ

Դ滳黥֮ͨ, ԼѸ͵ٶȻָ, һɨǰЩȻ˵绰֪ϷЩ, ٶϢ졣
ſڴ, ƽ滳ء֮ǰòôϸǰ滳ݶ˸顣
滳һѧҵ, УʱùԼҵ˼ҵ֮¼ôһͨ, Ҫ̾һ滳̫ˣ
Ҳֲһı, ȻͷҲͦ, 滳ûһвٵطʤ
߷߲ƽ, ôŮ, Ȼĳ죡һϲ̵ЦҿˣȻ滳ʶĻ᣿ʶ, Ҳ໥ϲĿܡ
ýζӢĵ绰׷˹, һǣ, Էôϻһ𡣡
һ, 裬ôܵ滳飿㶼Ů˰ɣ
Դ滳ؼҵһ֮ӢںҲĳ滳ĴףֻǱӢˣڵ滳Щߡ
һôӢûЦ˵, ˣ֮ǰȿ̬ȣȻѣϾмͥˣøѾԷ
ţ֪ˣüһ£һӦʱ滳ԽԽˣθӢ
Ӣ˵ʱһ졣ʱɷ绰ˣûӡ
ϸӢǼǵģΪʱȽϲ滳Ѿˡ룬滳¶Ǹͥٹ䣬ˡ
˼˵ʱԼڳﺦ߰ɣ滳ûнӵ绰ԭѵǹ˼Լô
ˣ費˵ˡǵù֮ǰǰ˵ˡӢϸˣصءšһŹ˵绰
Ҫ滳ȥӦûôˣٶڱˡӲڴϣ꣬Ҳ֪Ҫȶ졣
ƺܾûм߷ˣϢԼȥһҿ߷ظúܿ죬Ȼͬˡ
߷֮ǰͶһλӣסī˫Ưĺû¶⣬˱Եø·˶࿴۶ܸоīԴߣ˵Ҫϸ˭ˡ
˸䣬ժīŶŵ̬ŵŮ̾¡Ǽɫѣôöҡ
߷㱾شĳôһ˵ת΢΢ЦӦĳгûʱӼҲŶԡ
һɽ֮егоˡ
滳Ľڣ·Ȳʲôг̣޶Դ绰ڼϢѾеÿ쳤ëˡ
߷΢һü˵ʵġԡôܵû㼸أҼǵǰһϷ֮ǰұԹôĵء
ʵΪ޵εݶһѣܵԼʲôط鷳Ҳ޻᲻Щˮֵĵݡʵ֤ˣദ÷ǳ졣
ȡ˵æ˻ͷ˶ʵ㾫̫ãæ
һ۾Ϳ߷״̬Щƣǻ˵ױɫԴ
㡣߷ֱӣֺطһ˵룬ҿûôԸⶩˡ
ӹһϲĹ⣬æץס߷ֱ۵ͨˣ˵ƾƲֵи
Ҫ˵ƾƵĶӳ̶ܲ¡ǳ죬ƾȣŹ߷Ůֻرˣ֮ǰڹ˼ǰԼĴǶӡΪĹۡ
ⲻ벻ͨ⣬ƼѾͷ˻£ҹ˾ôܶط໥֡ͻȻڣϡ߷˭ԼڵĴ˵޾ܹ޵ģҪô򵥣ôƵ·ӣ
ǰʱ룬һô鷳£߷ֻҪͬ⣬˭ܱ滳ĸУ֪ļɲù߷ȥѡ
뵽㰵Һ뿪ңҪΥԼ̤衣
߷㣬ζҪԼȥԼġΪڣû˻Ϊ㸺𡣡֣ɫ
߷㲻˵֮ǰѾһӣ㻹ҪִԲô
ʲô˼߷üԡ
ͲŹ߷㣬һʣɴֱԲ䣺֮ǰҸ滳顣ҡϲ
߷ſȵֶ˫͵ЩɻתΪղ˵ǸЦġ
ܿϧЦͻЦ˿ҸоԼϲʱܲܽܣΪз֮ϲҲٽӽңҵ顭
㡭߷ˣµ뷨ֵʹûҲҪģΪˣҪĶҡ
˵˵žЦˣӦͶϲŻദҲӦơһǰһӽȴֻ滳˸о
˼ǣΪʶģ߷ԼĲ²еһ˿δ̫ЩǾӦģҸӴõ滳飬ǵĿʼض滳ҵ롣
ͷ߷㶨˶˵˵Ϊʲô
㻹ôҲ֪ǰôģƾƻǰѾôˣȫڻ飬ǳ㣬ûôŹ߷㣬һһĵ׶װ֪Ķ
߷ˣ죬ǳĬ뽫ոЩ˵ûϲˣͲÿÿ˵·㲻һɺϡ
滳鱧ҪԵɽӽԼԼһʼǴȴǲòȥĶԴʶദĹȴѲ֪ںʱ
߷촽˶ͷűԼĿȡãĵһ䣺롣
֪ҲסˣЩԼκ˶ףȴΪԭ޷ȥ
û뿪ˣʱ˵ٶ඼߷Լͨøá
滳ȣôҲȼεϵֻһ΢ЩĶԻ֮⣬滳ȴûôˡ
صҺһԼո߷Ķţ滳صõǺܿ죬Сţæôһ仰
壬ƽƽ̸ϢûСƵҪֻӵһߣ滳˵ճȫ˸оһˡ
ţֻһΣϵ¶Ȳһһ
ǸղǸˣҲǺܼࣺ
֪ˡ
лҪ˵СѾܳԵ
ҪС㳹һ£˵඼

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ż, ˼Ů˵ĴҴĺ˵滳Ѿص֮, ʼȻ
滳û, 鼸ʹżĵط, Ҳķʽȥ滳֮δйƽȴҲһ档
ǰ, ݸδֻڷһʵ̫Ȥ, ҲϣԴЩŮһȥԴ滳顣, Ӧº龲, Щŵġ
ЩϵŮȴһΨͼ, ΪŵĶ, ܹһоһȴҪŮ
Щʲôò, Ů˶Ŀ˹˾ֻΪҲ治ˡ
, ôֵֹģ˵ϲ칫ңȻȥ棿Ů˾ûйͷһſſ, ˫Ƶǰʾ, ⽫Լıϡ
߰ɣҹ㡣ķҵתŮƿɱŵĳڣͶֺ
Ů˳ۣȴ˵ʲô, ֻЦһϷ֮Žεε˵Ҿ͵ˣɱҾõȡ
ۿŮ˳˰칫ţʱ㲦ͨ滳ĺ룬Է绰ʱǡã˾غѸٽ𡣵ʵ滳Ѿ绰á
šؽһ治Ȳġţһ֮ǿԼ΢΢ЩЦݣô䣺ؼҰɣ̸̸
˶֪Ҫ̸ʲô滳ָŸֱʣ̬Ȼá
Щ죬Ѿиջرڻ滳֪ܿԼ֮
һߵ滳Ǽſ׼ĵ绰ȫ֮УЩΪΪע⣬ӶϵԼ
ֱ˵Ҫ飬翴̫ͻȻԼӼҵĹϵ̫ϱйųд˴ԵʡҲĥ˼죬Ϊһʱ޷ɷܶı
ǻصͬסȼıڵţţ׼͡ϵᣬǽϽָʱ顣
滳ˣɫ
ţΣܾûгҼţˣҪúó
滳ΣŻصԼλӣʾ滳鿪ԼҲ˵棬ţгС顣ǵ滳ƫ߷ţţǡôĻʹţеһЩζ棬֪⡣
ǰһζܺá滳鲻ԼĿޣȷϲζʱҲȻζٵõ㡣ϲţŵζվܴܹţŵˡ
һЦվߵ󣬸ŻͰαĺ󾱣˫ֳǰ̨ԵĵͳɳƵķл𣺡ôһֱԸң˰ǱҲңǲʲô
滳彩ЩһӦ˵ı۰ܶȻ޷ֿ
ʲôȻܿ⣬滳ѡȡ
мܲסľ滳ģɵ̬ȣ²˼˵Լֺ滳֪ʲôȻԼȫгǲǻصĺ
Ҷûбʲôȥǵ㡣ÿ춼绰Ϣʱôɣ´Ϣʱȥʱ̫ˣһ˵ʱ̷ɻ㡣
˵Լ滳Сѡģ˵Լĸ飬ЩҲȷʵΪôɣǲ߸
滳ЦһЦԵĳʱҲô
һ䡰Ȼֻ˵һ룬һͰˮͷ£
һŮ˵ĴϷƸֱ賿ȷʵ滳顣ţԼѾжûˣЩŮһҹԾͷȻǾͰŮģ
Ĺ滳һֱֻۣѸվƽĿ˿Ѿ˼֡
ţ˵֪ˡ߼ǰס滳ļߵǰ˫ְļͷӢǽҲһʱͿĲǹġ
ôʱȥ˶û֪֪ˣ滳εЦݵ嵭㲻ֻ̡ôһЦоĪĺ䣬һЩġ
ѿڶܲȫϣǸмͥˣҵȴҵò㡣ԼѾ೤ʱûйˣʹǰÿһҪʱǺܿҽô죿
滳һļݣֽĿǽϵĻɴϡɴǷǸǰӢòغһ
ΪҲϲ飬ûа취Ƶ㡣ǰܣҲܣұŮ⣬ҲԼļͥ
滳ֻҪһ͵Ƭͻ̹ûа취ȥ̣ʹԤ֪ԼδΣٱȸһҪǿ
ʲô˼ĵ˾ӣûм滳ôظ˵ʱºмӣȴ͸žС
ȻʣǾûбҪĥ˴ˡ滳̾Ͼһ꣬˵仰ʱеЩꡣ
־֮ǰܹȸ̹ҲھͲĽѾˣȻҲûˡ
ţ顭ҴˣԭһΣһΣһģ嶼һأû˵˫ֽ滳ļɫѿˡ
ƾԲмѷҲȻõЩϸС޷ԭʹܹûзҲܡĻң滳鵭÷·鲻Ƿϡ
ãʱѾȥˣ϶Ķı䣬˵ڵʱǷ֮ʱ
ôңЩԺԲôֻҪԺǺúദͲٷ״εĵزԲܽԼôԴŮгһջҪ뿪Լ
Ҳ㡣ôȥʹҲˡ滳黹һЩףԼǷҲܴһʱԼİȫС
ǺãϲǼ£һ¼Ρҳ֮ǰѾҪˣ㲻ǵô
ͼ̩ѹ滳飬֪滳Ѿǰ֪̩ɣûֹ
˵ɶҸıίȴݾܾزס˫֣úϢɣʱһ˹ҵĶһ£ȻٰЭǩˡ
ضԸ飬һǱģ滳ʱǩЭҲͬ⡣Ϣ죬ֹˣҲˣȻҲͷǩˡ
ʻۺɽׯ滳ɣ⼸ãռ˺ܴءղŸ˵֮⼸ãͬʱһ˿Ҳ
ʱֻܹһҲֻһ
лҪ˵߽ûлҪ˵

ʮ

ԡˮȻֹ, ͷ˽ŷ쿪һЩ, ˮɢ
ϴϲñȽȵˮ, ƫƫԼ, ÿϴļ̵÷졣
ϱɫ˿ԡۣ˿ĲϽŹճ˵, ԳһţһԸ, ߽һǼµ/
˷, 뿪һӰ˯, ҲоȻ滳űǩԾ¶Ц, Ϊűǩʼ, Ϊˡ
֪滳Լʱʲô飬ʲô飬Ҳǲڰ, ȶЩƲô滳ﻰ
ô, ֻ, ڼžҹǽ绰, ûüһãؾһ䣺ҿ쵽ſˡ
绰ңЬȥţſʩʩȻ߽΢Цˣɲ滳ô
滳飡һѱס, üһԵӿôôòٲҶҪˡ
滳ЦŻر˿ĴһһĹ¼šûиоµ¸õʱȥһȥܣҲδüį
ڱסһ̣Ȼôǰƽ˿˵ȫǿļȡ
ոϴô滳һ㣬ϸ򼤶ǰļƷ˿ͷеʪҲȡ
ţҲ֪Ǵ˯ġǣ֣۾գգؿ
ǿá֪ûҸǲһͷأ滳٩һ䣬һôûҪ˼ɵĵطһЩճ£ʹֻǲͷҲദȤ
ҷ
ڴԼͷ滳ָëͷ𽥵Ƶ޽ǣҲԽ
ôǲЩ滳΢΢ԡԽԽôһֱ룬ܾԼһͻ˫۾
ҾͲˡһֻ滳֣Լ߶ͷ궯ĸO@ͣˡ
ԭҲֻдߵĹܣЧ滳ԼЦ⣬߲ƣ˲̧̧ԡЩ΢΢Ķ俪ʼ˺죬ֻ˶ԺȴǸղһۡ
ʶҧס´Щѵˮ滳Ĵ
һѣһ˶ڶԷؿԼ滳ͷֱΪ§ĺԣ̽ġ롣
ԡ¶ζϵûԤ׵ذΧ滳ܹĿռ䣬оԼԽԽֱ롣
׵ʱ̫Լ鲻ԽȦסĲȵرһڴϡ
˻ۣͷѹһ£滳ŵĶ⣬Ц滳飬ˡ
æס죬һ˵
ԼûйôɵʱǵһΣԼһˡ󣬶ǵҪ׽һˡ
׽סְСʣ飬ô
ڶ˵Ī滳Ļõ滳˵ûгǶιϵ֮ǰǲġ
滳ҡҡͷûУûô׷֡
һҲ滳ˣģġҰѾͬˣеƶߡ
ҴûмΪԼһ˵ʱôģԸô뿿滳黳ס̧Ŀᵴŵһ
ǿˣϧӦõǼӱİϧ
滳°͵Ķͷ̾ãʱѾȥˣֻҪȵظһӡ룬ָ֪оôҴûһһ죬Ϊһһֱһٹһӣƽұϡ
һŮĪڽһиһˣͷõȴǱѡ滳ѹģѹ򰮶
滳飬ѹвʱ򣬵õĲһԼҪģ̇ͷĴǣһĨЦݽģ㡣
ǰΪֵΪۣ˻ᣬܲȥϧ
滳ϸ⣬ɬ뼸׵޳˿˿ƵͷٴοʱĨİԹ֣˵ڵõģҪҪõöࡣ
ˣ㡭ҪȥôɬǰȻڵĹϵѾǵѹϵˡ
滳ЦЩô
롭һ뱧һ㶼Լ¡
ʱ򡣡滳ֻʵ˵ˣҪҰǱߣڲܳκβӡУʱ㲻Ҫҡ
Ϊʲô滳黰û˵꣬͵Ȳˡ
밡ҺĺܲȻҲܲҡûʲôץסİѱֻ㣬ҲΪҶǣ滳ĵظͣò˵ȴһۡ
ǸʱǲŷģŽеʱ飬ڶ˵˵˳һԼɻ
ôУ滳ıӣ͵ĺһʼͶǶʱҲ֪ô뵽ģһʱȥˡͲ鵽˺ܶܶණ㡣
뻹Ϸ磬ԼôͶкøأǵû뷽跨ضžĴӰԼļͥԽԽϲһ
ҵĵһӡʲôʣһӡͨǾܷǰᡣ滳ܹںνӽԼҲǲеġ
һӡ󡭡˵һӡ滳ֱŴЦ
ָһߴٵ˵ôֹģѲԼ´ˣ
Ҷĵһӡûкܡ滳˸˵ȾúƯȻǸʶ˿ûмзǷ֮롭
ɴ۾ǲؿȻѹסԼ룬µ˿͸Ǿӵ¶ȡӦ룬ҵϢĴԡ
ֱŷֿ봭Ц˵ƻĵɣǷ֮룬ղô
滳ʧЦһҪ˵ֻˡ𴲹ȥֻشߣ°ͳļͷ
ĺԣ滳˵һ䣺ôˣ
ղô֪Щµģ˵ÿ춼Ͽݵ˾Ҳ鲻ĺԵĴζһַ֪֮󿴺Ϸĸо
š滳ӦһղŸ˵ģֽһ䣺һҰҸͨ¼ȥҵļؼ¼浵ȫĨκκۼҪ
Ц⣬Ȧס滳
ǡĺûôʲôôҷ滳ǼɫѵˣŮѾͰѹ۵ţʹ
˸ңϴ㿴ҪֵǸҸ㡣滳Ȼܺãųֶࡣĺʱȷʵ˺ܶ£ôñʾһ¡
ŶӴúúãˡĺ˷ܵ滳صǸǺһˣôŶͣǮ򶼲ȴô󷽣Ծ
ôһ룬ĺһЦʣôôãַˣڿ϶ڵۺǱߣò滳Ӹеʮֺ棬᲻ȶã
ɣһæţǵøղ˵ġ滳鲻ش⣬ԹԹ˵绰ĺ֪˵ã϶Ҫ٩ϼ䣬ʱ䲻࣬ɲĺЦԼġ
뾲ӵ°ʱʱһĺ硣ദǹúܿ죬滳һסԼ˫֣˵룬һҾҪȥˡ
ţ֪֪滳鲻̫ܶã뵽ֱֽ˽
ܿܽˣúóԷú˯Ϣ˾ͻؾ飬ҡ滳תͷһգĵһҲ֪ڱͲܻԲĽ
ţҵ㡣ЦնˣĿԣǺЦĺ
лҪ˵߽컹ûʲôҪ˵ģʲôģ

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滳Ԥú׼, Ȼȥ滳˼ʽ
һŮ˲ȫԷû˿ܵĵز, һ˸õĻ߸ϲѡ, ŵ滳Լ
֮ĸ, ûаҲ飬滳ôôϵҪ飿
ȴɻ, ΪеֻҳԼĺԣξ, ʣµľһЩϵĻ顣
Ȼ, ҪԭԼˡ鷳, 滳ߴ˵ͨģҲԽ̩ɵİ
滳鱻ʱʱĴŪ鶼, ˾Լ°, 칫Ͷ
Ѿ˵ڣȻûбҪӣᡣ滳齻ǰ̨, һĶҪ, д
ǲٽ뻪ԼʢĹ칫ҡһٴŵ˷, ڹע̽Ӽˡ
ʢ, 滳һͨ뿪Ҫͣ򳵻ؼҡˣ㲻ˡ
滳û뵽ĸҡԼҳϤĳӣüһЦ
, ЩƷȳԣʱ͹ѪѶǱȽϡƷ࣬ܺá
ûɵû˵滳߽ͷ֮ǰ˵裬һˡ
ˣ׼ˡźɫվ滳֣ǲ־䣬ĲԲѾĪѡ
ɫ࣬ѿҪԼڣ̩ڿֻż˵ʱӦ˼֣˶óǶ
滳ŤͷһЦȻҲڣǾһԸɣȥһꡣ
һ仰˵Զɶûµ˼滳仰ǵǸ̨ףǸһơΪûаˣ滳Ҳˡ
ϲ˵ʱ̩¥Ϊڵûʲôֱ֣λӴӳϴֳ滳飬Ȼ˵һ䣺飬ڼԷĻ͸ʲôˣȥˣҲ֪ûʲôĿζ
ҵĿζǰһûʲôģ̶֪滳ߣӹķ̵꣬˵̣һ
ȻʳСǴС󶼲ʳáЦеظţ˵תسȥꡣ
ҶӶ˹̲ܽϣ滳ͽԴԴ˾ͺã̩ɻ򲻱ع˼
ȻɻȴҲҶʡ̳ضԼһ׷ȻԵ޹ȥ˭
ɫӸѿˣѾȫһֻܴѪ̣ȷʵȡ
֣ȹ˹ڵľƣγҴӹġ
һû£̩֮˱ƣָԼϡ
̩ҲûתͷɣҿԺȾô
˭˵ƵģƵطʣ˻˵ڣȾͺȰɣٺȵ㡣
̩ճ̩˵һҪ£ȴ͸żܰСһǷ·Ϻݺݴһ⡣
ƽʱûʲôʱˣʵ޹⡣滳״̲סû˵ʲôԼġ
ұʳ޲ּϳżСĿӻӿ֮Ⲣ졣̩࿴һۣԹƷǱơ
еţûаĽͣ۲еĩβڵ֣裬֪Щ£ұ֤ٷˡ
滳Ǳ˵Ͱĸͷϡ̩޶Ȼóɰҡҡͷ̩۾˿
ǰôֶã˻Ͳٷ˼Ȼ˼ңȥ黨ǲݿɾͲǷô򵥶ˣο⻹ֻ黨ǲݡ
ôģ̩˾䣬滳ԣҲһš
ΪԼõߵȨĸŶڶԼģæ֣ص֣裬飬òԣҲӦξ͵һʱͿԲٷˡ
滳ζصЦһ£˰֣ˡǻطɣҸ˵
̩ͷȻѾӦŮԼͲ;ֻ֡Щɵ¥
飬ѾϴˣͲܸһλôԺԲ飬ֻҪԭңһúò㡣վ۾Ҫճ滳һΨִκһ顣
ô궼Լгദ滳ٶ飬ֻҪԼ̬ȷŵ㹻ͣʼջǻԭԼ
㹫˾ǰ漰ܻ¸ǸܣҾÿƸǲģûбҪΪһЩ۵еĹ滳Ҳվ̬ݵ˵ô
⣬֮ŷôһأңܶϷ
˵úãܶϷ滳һ䣬߳ߣֱֱЩۣԼҿеɶϷǲ
˵滳˵ڸϴǰһ컹飬֪ô
ҡ
Ӧ˵úˣġ滳鲢֤ݶϣζҪġЩ˵֮Ѿûа취ټȥˣ㲻״ȴϲά״һЩӵķǲΪЭģǿάȥ˼ô
Ӳʩáţȷǰйط⣬Ȼ֮ȴΪ˸ٹƽԴͷ
ǣΪʲôΪҸıأһ𶼺Ҹֻ֮⡣ץס滳֣һЩһȴо˳ǵ䡣
¾㹻㱳ǵĻˣҪôҲҪģҲܹٽڵ㡣룬ôȥҪô
滳ȴݿܵسԼֲ֣һ䣺ǵҲԸһѵĸ飬ҲԸһ޷㰮Ůˡ
ԼĴô˵˵ȥͷȴζܽܵġ
飬ҿԸģ㲻ϲҶԸģǲҪòãıһӿǽץס滳˫ֲš
Ϊ滳Żٲ̫档ʱ滳鱾ͲͨŮˣ˵һκһѰŮܹġ
滳ûö֣̫ңܹĵط˳ժöָϼĽָģ˵ֿɣҶá飬ǻֻǸ鲻͡
⻰һش滳֤ݣ˳ȥȻ
ɫ͵ذȫǲȴصĿʹ
̣˳Ķ޹»
һ㽩ӲߣҲ˵ΪŮТĸΪ쾭壬޹»Ƕ˶ԣ滳İض
滳س΢ЦĲ鲻Ը뿪ĿڵķƲɢһЩ
лҪ˵Ҫģ㼸ǲĵ
һ¸Ƥнչ

ʮ

滳߽չ˳, ĺҲֵɡ, ȴҪô, ˸ӱĹϵеò, ȻҪù߷гŵˡ
Լʱ֮ĺصشһ£ǼΪĳĿ¶֮, ˶ɢԸеϢ
ȻĺԸеڹ߷㿴ȴǺ޲ôϹԼͬмֱÿÿ붼ҪĿϴ
ĻҲͰ, Щ˿ĺֽ֮Ŀ, ǵ͵, ĺԴûͷ˺ü
ĺԵȡƱǱȡ˵ӰƱ֮־ǣ߷, ߷, ǽȥɡ
š߷㳢Ťһ󣬷û취ѣɴرǣߡ
Ҫȥķӳƺߵĩβ, ˳ӵĺԷŲڹ߷, չȥʣô, 㿴ǶӰ, ǿ϶ѽһƺòã
ӰԼô߷ﰵһ䣬ƽ˵ôУ
Сӣӣϲһĺ¸ǵʡ
߷ڹսǴͣ˽Ų, εܸ̫໹оĻô
СӣӣĺԵűʱΧۡ
ҪôУҲҪСýһģ߷߷ģ顣ĺƲƲ죬Ȼй˹ˣ㣿
УҪʡϣҪŪô໨߷üǰߣһֱĺǣţԿĺߡ
ٽӳǰĺԿ˳Ѿò࣬קס߷㿿ȥСʣƾƶôģ
߷һ£֪ôһתƾϣ˵޹ءȥɣ쿪ʼˡ˵֣˽ȥ
ĺȻü֪ƾôƺ߷ˡԹ߷ôЩı֣˵˵Ͼͻᳶ߲˵ʵش𡣺ԣƾƽе֣ǳƽػظǳ⡣
뵽ĺһ񺮡ƾ֡šСĸΡ֮ĳƺҲù߷ȥ
˷ӳյӰƱϵλѰλӣȻҲ߷һʱ߷ûĺԿʲôƬӣɨһ۵ӰƱƺǸӰ
߷һʱĺԿӰ濴ĺǸϲ͵Ӱˡϸĵ绰ĺԻеį㲻˵ʲôˡ
ӰıʱһϵĴ󻧣ƶŮǱȼ˼ֵܾ֮Ĺ¡ӰƬΧΪѹ֣رŮƬеĵܵܣҲ͵ʱĶ԰׸ᡣ
߷ȻҲ̫ȴûĺôţһʱϣ˫Ҳĸ첲ƺ΢΢Щ
ŮԷٻϾţӳƹ⣬ȺҲʼſƶ߷һʱתͷȥԼĺԣĺԣ㻹ô
áļ́ͷһ˫۾׵һôûӦģöҰ˵ôǸеĹأɷ˰
߷㿴ӰЩĺǰҪ޳ĪѹǱȽֹ۵˺Ȼʹ˾òʰɡ
ˣѹˡʵĽ˵Ҳõġ߷ḧĺԵĺ󱳣οⲿӰƬԸΪǸŮ˵ģŮɷòůɷĵܵҵ˹ޣô˵Ƿ˴
ǡǰе˰ﻹҪɱĺ˵Ҫ
Ȩƣʹܻ棬Ҳ۷׷סǸʱŮˣҪĪ߷ӸͣȻʱĺЩɰвзĺԣȻΪһӰᡣ
Ҷ֪ǾǾѹĺ˵žȦס߷㣬߳һˮ䡣
ȳȥɣһҪˡ߷㿴һѾϨļյƣĺ뿪˷ӳ
ͣ߷㵣ã˵ɣϢһ¡
߷㡣ĺԺؿڽ
ţŤͷȥ
ƾƷְɡĺԿھһﲻݵĻɫ棬Ц
ʱѾǵڶȰˣһ롣˵ĻȽίôĺԾֱӵһӲ֪ԡ
ҲǶ档Լ֪˲ףһҪסȻҿܲΪ˼ͥΪ˹˾뷨ֻ֪㽫ˣ㸶Щʱ;˭Ϊ򵥣ͥǹ˾
ĺЦЦ˵Ҫ˵㲻֪ҲˣҲ㲻֪ȥ칫ҵӣ㿴ңûдӦ
߷û뵽ĺԻƾԳԺ΢΢ͷ˿һ࣬۵׻ɬ
߷㣬Ҳ뿴ڶ滳顣ôص飬һˡĺͷ쵽󣬵͵͵Щ͡
߷Цˣ̧ͷǿ˸ӰôͿôп
ⲻǸпĺԲٹӱܣס߷ԴǷ֪㿴ңҷŵⲻӰұ㿴
ôأ
ҲٿʶΪ˺ĺۿͨ죬ŸղſӰ֪֮ǻӻҪȥǲӱżˣҿղǸŮһɵ
һȫ߷𣬶ǿһĵӰ֮󣬽Ȱ߷㡣
˵˰컹ΪŮǣ߷ƲסЦݣ˶󣬡ˡ
ĺŲ˼֣ɨһȦͣǽ䣬ʱˣҲûʲôˡת߷㣬ﻹȾ˼ֹУǸղЩ˵ģһòã
ã
ǹ߷һش⣬ʱûлشġ̾ĺԾĿ֣µ˵ҲһῼǡҵľһΥҵԸ
һ¾ҪõģƷԼľǾ˼ǵġ
Ѿ֪ƾƵƷΪȣƾŴ̽ĵΪǧ֮ѨƾƵĲǵǧ̰ӱѨ
ĺԿ̬ȻֿЦݣڿԽСô
˼άԾ̫죬ողżҪ£ֲ߷㾭ղЩȴǴĵĺԸĹЩǺЦоͽаɡ˶٣˵ղ˵ԼǾ仰ԺҪ˵ˣΪ֮ǰǸ
ղľ仰ĺһ뵽ո˵ôù߷Ȼע⵽ˡ
߰ɣϢ߷㲻ټ룬ܾԼ֮䲻Ӧ̫漰зĽرЩ˵
ĺӣʺ̫顣
ʱĺȥӵĹ߷㣬ȥʱǹ߷㿪˼Ҹ·ڣٽһЩҪطΧˡ߷㻹ʶزü˵֪Լĺ˽
һν֮κμˣҪĻ
Сӣĵʱȥ㹫˾ôûɣĺҲҪһ
֮ǰ绰ײϡ߷תͷŵʱ򻹿˳۵ˣƺ˸ӣûô֣һŴ˲֪ٱ
ĺΪƾƣĬһƽƳŵôҶƾκιϵҲҸʶչ黹ǶԼ̵̫ĵһӡˡ
ǵģû㡣߷ûԥطҪ̫ӽʲô£ԿҲֻ
⻰٣ĺƾһ⣬ʹ֪ĺԲԸƾǣ˲֪ӴˣʲôĺֻҧȥΪû˻š
ĺȴЩ˱˼ϲؿСӣڹң
߷һۣЩĺԲ֪ôζһȥˣԼŰ졣˵ִ򿪳³
ĺʻĿŹ߷ս˼ҴšĵĴǳǳһﻺο
лҪ˵С

ʮ

صʱ˶Χȥ, 滳˴˼岻Ļ
, ﲻˣֱ, һ״Щȱ׿׿Ϸ, ϷݶŲ˺棬ֻ˵Щ, ЩŻ
һθۣѾõòˡ˵, ˵ױʲô, ͷһת˵Ҹϰһ¾籾, ϢôҶˡ
ãϷ֮áȥ˻ױױ, ٶȴϷ뻯ΪǸ׹뷲Ϸ, ڼ˼䡶𼧡ݼĳʣǰǻ
Ȱݸ裬涡޵ѽɽ, Ӣ·ɸꡣԹųԲңɰһɲǡƱ
һ䣺㳪úáǸоǷǳоζ
ǵȻġҲרҵľԱ, гϷֵ, ҪרҵԱġɱŵɤ, ԱߺſȪˮЦ˵ҲҪģһh׿诳Ϸ
ⲿϷĻϷľͷϷʶϷమ, ֪ӴжвϷݡ
֪Ǿò̫ҳȫġͷģЩɰ
ȻһЦҪҲã֮ǿ϶ǲܸרҵԱȵġ籾׿诱ǳѧߣֻҪѧųͿˡ
ܵҪЦҵġЩԹ˵ȴЦ⡣
뻹ûشһŮƮ˹ڱ˵һСѾͷƤˣ
תͷȥſ߽ˣޣô͵˵һô
޲Ϊ⣬ԱߣǷģ룬Ц۵ͷôܣſŻˣҪʲôôŹϰɣ
С΢죬Ŀ֣㡭㡭ȥһȥҲ˵˵ĶʲôԽԽϲ
룬ԼһΣԵĸƺֺЩѾܹЦظˡ
˲ˡȳȥл˵ǵðŴϡȻʾ뿪ױ䡣
ϸ޶Ÿɣ˽˵Ѿ˽ʣһ㴰ֽĳ̶ˡǳĽȴǳϵƴӡ
ţǸϽİʵشк뿪ˡ
뵽Ҫʲô滳ָȴ֮ϵеǼΣ֪һġ滳һӸλˣȥ̽࣬˼٣޲ɲŹ֡
ô£ʲôϵȻ䡣ȥ滳ģԼ´˻ʲô
ܵôôʣҸܵȻѹϵ̽Ŵ˸ӣ뿴޾µʲôز
ҸĽ飬ҲΪΪһͨô磬ԸҴ绰ҰüϷšʹҪģȫԽһ仰еΪЩȻѾͨϵˡ
΢ͷϸϸǸʱ̽滳飬Լƺ绰޵滳顣
ֻôһ룬˼㷭¶ȻЦܵѾµˣαطҪҳأЩȫԴõ𰸡
˫ֵסԼĶǣЩţоԣ뵽ˣȰ˵Լġмͥˣôܡ
æֹס룬͵ģˡ
̧ۣѴЩ⣬ҧҧ˵ܵǵáǲϷұôʱ˭Ȩ˭˵㣿ϸ롣
ʱȻȨ滳齫ȨΪҲҵڣҲǴεͻȻôһ룬ඥ
ΪʲôԵ޹ʳ룿滳ΪʲôԾĪؿʼ
ǡôᷢչֵزȦ˷˵һӾͷֻǶ̬ȴΪΣ֪˵ʲôá
ЦЦʵܵǵԼ˵Ļô˲ŵкܶ࣬Ҳֻһˡ
ֿǸҸղˡΪ㡭˶٣̾һˣ˵ҲաСûбҪȥѹȦһֳıֶΣΪǿ˽ĳЩҪ
滳ջظڻȨȻѾְ֪ȨΪôͼ¶ȻҲ֪ġ
û£ܵȻʣΪʲôֱ벻̫⣬˹ϵӦúܺòŶԣ滳ô԰ҪĶƬǼǵúġ
˿˵Ҫĳһ飬ȻҪһСҲ´Ҳʲô¶ˣҲ˳ˡ
⻰ǽͣȴһֲʣֲһ˵شֻ΢ü˼
ˣԼҰɡ֪дȾͺãҾʱװ֪ˡΪĳضһ䣺Ϊ֮ɶͨˡ
֪
ͷĿ뿪ױ䡣
滳鶨ûз޵ģ˵ģֻҪһ仰еЩеһ˿˿еůůǸҪٰԶ滳顣
ʢİ칫һδֻһŵ绰滳칫ϣܣֻˣ绰ҲǰҪ֤ġ
滳ͷһЦãҲǰ°ɣǰʱҪĳѾˡ˰£ܲûлرͷܸõĹһŶӡ
ллܣҾȻȥˡ϶ڸǲסϲã滳˸к뿪
ӵİʱ򣬻Ϊֻ˺ɧԼһֱڹҶϡĴ֮Ǳû˶ֻһĶòסֻ
ҡ
ң˭żæŵزͨúܿ죬˳滳飡
ţ滳ڷԶŴⷱǣƳϸ壬˼ΣΪ˭ڹ˾ҪԹΪȣصֵþܻط˵Щ̩֮û׷۹£ط
ҴҲ֪㰡ŬŬſϣͷֻ¶һ˫ӡ
û㣬˭㱻ء滳Цһ˳˴ص¡ûȴΣΪ֪һֱֻһͷ
滳飬ܵңҸʲôϵµˡ뻹Ǿ滳飬и׼źȥ˵
ţұҲûôڵ£Ĳõģ滳Ե˵Ҿʹ룬һµĺ롣
⻰ôô͵ĸоأʲôʱܹϵѻˣôһƬɭֵ滳Ŵϲߡ
룿þûӦ滳һ
ŻعԴ˵滳飬㡣Դһ֮㱻һֱӰţܶ滳һΣٱ滳һ㣬涼ݳޡ
滳ĬһƺĬʱｫĵص㺲ɫȴ˵ܿͽˣġ
һ뷨ӿǰȻһһȴ̫ŸǿӲһЩˡ
лҪ˵ֵƤʱ

ʮ

ĺһֱڴô滳Ļٽ, , һЩ
뵽ԼԴһ֮ûм, 滳Ҳټ, ˸⣬벦˸绰ȥ
ڶİ绰ְֺ, Ҫľ̹ҶϡߵƬͨǱһ߰ĵŮղסֻ
С, 벻ѽĺһŵβ
ô־Ե, 벻ʶ֪˭, ӡ̫ˣС, кιɣ滳, ʲô£
ôô䵭ѵôĺԶԽӦ֣ҲҪ滳, ٲϷɾûˡ
ǸһֱġСµĻ˵滳鵽ôĺʶôõ, ô, ר
а, ƬǼҿ㡣ĺЩû˼
ţ͹ȥûôǾʹӦˣĺ滳г˺ܴ, ӦûжġϵҲΪ滳һ¶ûɲȥ
ĺԵһޣī߽ĺʾ¡
һɽлл
õģԵȡòؽӵ뿪ժīɫǳ
þòĺЦŴк˫۴룬ֱ̾滳ø
ĺԵ飬ԵñȽƽʣ֪СԼҳʲô飿
֪ĺ԰ʾһ䣬ʾϴ滳ȥʱѾ֪ĺ֪ˡ
ţأ
ԣҪĶҲԸ㣬ҪҪһ¸ңұȤˡĺü٣ƺҪúҪ˭
ʱ뵹Щ׼ĺԵˣ¼û׼Ҹ滳ŸɡݵЦЦ˵СЦˣҪĶ˶ܸҵȫԴӦôʹ滳˻飬ҲһǮơ
ĺԵζŨŨһ䣺˼ֲôִ㡣Ҳѹò룬ЩýǮȨ/õŮ˸Լǰһʵ֮
С㻹˵°ɣҲ뿪Ƭ̫áѵȻ滳Ǳ߿ţϲⷽ滳飬Ա˲ƽ
ʵҲûʲô¡ĺֱЩЦЦ˼֮£ͷ࣬ô죬į˰ɣбôţƶҪ¼ˡ
֪㡣Σ滳飬Ҳ֪ͬ滳鲻ǲԼֻȣòˡ
ίˣӼֱϡҲǻҪȻĻһ˦ﻹɵĺЦһڵؾٶһЦֻҪܴ»СС»ˣ滳ܹѿסˡ
ʲôЩ棬æһ䡣
Ѿ־ӵϢȥˣý嶼ڲ²⾿ʲôԭ򡣻׼׷֣֤вҲΪ滳ƣȥô
ĺԽſȣʱͣŷѿϵǰ֮󣬲ż˵ҪвⳡϷˣƫƫѽ͵ſɡ
ǺЦԭ滳黹ƻһ棬ҲǣҪ飬ܲͷһ£
֮ǰҾҪһ㶯ڻʲôġĺԳ뼷üŪۣȥᴥָ⡣
ţ
ҰѻȴǱߣȻ㡣˵˰죬ĺ˵ص㣬滳ᣬ˶Ŀķʽס档
ⲻ̫ðɡЩĶĺôһ˵Ӧûеõ滳ͬģ˰ôƻ滳᲻᲻ˣ
ĺԡһЩЦ뵨С˼ʲôЩץҵŶץˣ⡣ڻǱߣҪϲģͲ뿴ʱϲӣ
һֻƵţһɧ;ʹڵͷ
ﵽĿģĺԸ˼䣬Ƭһ·ƽȴѾءֱмСʱҪ滳ˣһ滳鲻֪¡
滳Ȼʱñȥ龳滳أ
áС¹ײڵ鶼Ϊص飬۵ͬʱҲǰ̽ĺǰ粡
ȻΪ˿ĺǣλҪͻһĺǷ񻹵롣ǡȥҪ뿪㿴ޱȼɵˡ
ۣܵأȻ粴к۲ױߡ
ңȥԵȥˣϢһ˵˵ӣקһֱߣ²ΣӴ򸱱
Ц˻ױ仹û˵ʲô͡ءһ˹ûʲô˵ģ˳ǻ·Ҫ˼ŲŹţǳţôһ˶תȻ粸Žˡ
ʲô˭ģƢԻÿʣ𣬵Ȼ
ۡһְֻڳ嶯粱ȻǳԼ
ǣ룬ԽԽдǵļ˵ýҪõԡɱĵһη̸Ҳ֪ڵĳɼôġ
Ҳ֪ôˣ精Ǳ˾һԴӱ¡ԡ֮󣬾˸һͨľ磬֮ǰµһЩֽĿʾҪ൱ڴʱ״һǧɡ
ôģôġһֱܻŤҵĻô۵Įηֱ粡
ӴԼĸ߲Ĵˣ粵Ŀˣ΢΢ͷ룬ɵСˣ촲ձعɾһͿˡ
һУ΢΢Цˣ֮ǰȰȹܺԼ˳һý壬ʡÿŵʱҪôһ۶ᰮĸƷ̫ӹˣҾðۡ
仰ڷ粵ڮ٣ֲʾ粲Լȶȡ
˵ʲô粼ֱòһҪŤˡ
һŶЦû֦ҲӴˣҵױҪˡΪԼڵԵʣû˵ʲôˤˡ
Ǹ㿴Цˡת˵ȴڰּЦУҪЦҲЦҲʲôطҪҲʱ䣬ˣҲͷϵģ
ֻЦЦ˵СûжӰ飬һһֺ޲̬̽С
ɢʱĺϵֱĺԵĳֱı
滳飬ѾǱô밵Դ˴֣Щš
Ȼ֪ҪȥҺ䣬˵㶫ҰġĺԵؿһۣڷϵ̧̧˵ôôлң
룬תͷ˵лл
һ䣿ĺԾȵйˣ͵Ƿһˡôţ滳ˣ滳鲻ðô
ĺԵıڼӽıͼط徻ãһ˾͸ȼƵġ쵽ʱĺضţǱӾذʲôһӦȫǿ棬ù˼ɡҲõҹȥԿ׾У鱣ܡ
ֻĿбӵǰ˫ʳָĦĺƳһۣپȤ
滳ڿãҲ֪ĺԳȥʲôˣôòֻҪ绰͸߸Ь춯ƺЩҡ
ĺԣô
ĺôôõ滳ڿĺǸʱеĻ˺Ǹ纣ǵʱûа취ȥΪʲôֻܸоԽŨҵ˼
ûмʱֻǵģΪָ֪ʱġδǿբŵԿףֻһ۱ķġ
ˣҰѴԿˡĺԽܲסӣо϶ҪðƤˣҶ˲ͣһǱ̫ǿšȻС뿪һЩٳȥⷿԿȫڵӹ³бţԼ
ĸ߸ЬнԶ΢һţڼž
лҪ˵ǵ

ʮ

滳顭ŵؽһ, 滳ûʲô, Īˣʶһ, ˹ȥ, ͷϴԲ֪, 㡭
ǵģ˿ɬҺ, 벻̧ͷֱһ˫޳, ůĴĶ, ۣ, ˱סĴ, þĴ
ûй㣬ôżϴʲôҿǵ̫ˣ뵽ˡ滳Ц˵, ̧һһ⻪
§ϸϸ, Ц, Ҫôڴ, ҲмΪѾһˣͬŮˣȻַ
ţȻĺˣһһʧġ滳Ȼûи뵽ͬһ, شصֻڱ档
ոձⲻõ˼ʱ̶һͷ滳鲱ϢԼıǻһһԼͷơ
Ҳ֪ôĬ˶ãˡ滳һĺ˵Ͳʱ䣬ŷֿ
󲻾ãɫӾˮ¹·Բ⡣滳Լʱסķ䣬Ь¹һװɫ˯۸
ҵ·˯ɣĺͻȻ⣬϶û׼ʲô滳ԼһͬɫģתֱԼ
㡭㵽·뱧˯㶵˵滳ûסЦ§ļǰֶһطҵ·ˡ
һͷˮû͸滳ʣϴȣ
ȣҵȻηӦˣû׼Ҫ滳ͬȻҪһ¡
滳ЦЦȥҴ·ԡҡ
ϽԼĶ΢̵¶ȣɬ۲һת뵽ʲôһֱָĦ
ùֻ㿪롰Ů˺Ůô֮󣬵³ֺüѡ
Ů˺Ůô¡
Ů˺Ůôϵ
Ů˺Ůô
ⶼʲôϸˣټԡԼˮǰδе߳ܡָ£˵һ
滳ʱڴصͷ֪ʲôһɢͷһ߹ȥ£΢΢ȥͬʱƺ塣
룬ˡ滳ýһЩָļЩ΢֣ȥɣҰˮµˡ
ϴ֮ϵԡ¶ζƮ̧һֻ滳鴩˯ۣƽɫĴǳǳعţƽǸ߸ϵϢǱõڸ˼˼
ղҳϿĶҡҡͷһЦţȥ
ܹԼϲˣ滳ʱҪ׽һЩҲҪ˽ϧһЩ
ϴȴƽʱҪ죬Ų̤ԡңľ滳鿿ڴͷűʼǱ̣ϸݵָڼϵţ͵뽫ӵ뻳е
ô룬ȻҲôˡˣ뱧Ϊʲôԣ
оԼĻ滳˴ǣô죿ϴɾô
ȻţͷմһĿ滳ѵƵͷϵͬʱȥ׼ȷס滳顣
˵ӵһ˵õ̤ʵĸܣôܹһʵ
ǵ滳Ķʣǵ֣顭
滳ЦһһתԭλñߵˡȻĶֻñ滳Ĳӣֻһ˲˴ϣϷ滳麬Ц
㲻ˣйĻæֻĦĺ󾱣Ÿ뷨⡣
ղֻǴʱѣ㡣滳ָƵļ³ֳģᡣڴˣĴָס°ͣȥ
ܽӴĸоͬϸ룬ûмеȡûмҵײֻж滳ᣬֻһǰ
ںԽԽأҪʱ滳ʱ˿˫ղ֪ʲôʱѾĨΣؿš
ҪҪЩʲô滳ģ΢滳ߵϸ
ʲô滳һӦǷʣôˣʲô
ǣһ顣Ů˺Ů֮Ҳѹĵ߳ܣ˫滳ƣ޵ʾ
滳˶һ£׹ʱֻԼĶ̵þˡʣô
֣ͣСˣҲᡭôܻ᣿֮ǰĺǽʱǶ٣ϲˣһеΪбʹ
ᣬҲС滳ԵһЩҲʧᡣ
ɵߣһְ§һ˫ԣȻ飬ûеõ׽ڷԾӡ룬ɸɾظһ𣬸һңûκҡ
ᶨ飬ûκηԵɣҲûκβ滳ĸоԶôǣôаȫУīسɹ棬Ҳ̫
ˣҵ㡣һЩЦһĴǽǿô
滳鵫Цԣչ֣ԭָϴŵĽָѾûӰָָĵʲô֮ȴһ޷̽ͷ
ʵҿԺܹϵֱ飬֪׷֡ҵĳԲҪӼҾѣ跨ҵԶ֪Ѿ֤ݡܾʹգҰѻˣҲ͵Ϊֹˡ
滳һһӵ飬ȥˣżΪʲôҪôʱԭֻ½ҵ⵱ܻӭˡǲԸӼΪУִôţҲֲˡ
ͷĺ˵Ĳࡣһ̤ӣ滳ڵţҪǹϵ㻹ָãôȥԿֻԼ
Ҳѹ֣ôãõﻹ£Ȧס˽һΪʾ˵Ǿ仰ʵԡ
ƶ졣滳һ΢ת󣬹صĵƣҪشͷƵʱס֣ЩײĿֻţ飬صƣ
һյͷֻůɫĵƹ⣬ֻһСطúڰķЩܰա
ôˣºڣ滳鷵һ䣬߻谵ҲԾɿõϵĿܡͷҡҡͷ滳ʲôܸܲң
̧ͷ滳Ҳֻȴ滳ĿӢĲһӢǻĹذ滳Ķ顣
Ρ˵һήղ²ʱģԱȷʢĻ˲ʱήûļ
һΣ滳ʣֲξʹ㺦µĶҷֵڣ¡
Ϊ˿еůʹ۽һ
滳黳ֽק滳·ˣεҰһ죬ε˵飬εǲҪֿҲε˵ҪѵܴܵҲҪܵܣҲѹֻһһ𡣡
ְֲˣԸ뿪ԸҲǶһҪܻܵǵԶſֻͷϣܹȰӢõܵסϣĸŮܽһĸӡ
룬ޡ˵ˡ滳ͷѹԼڿʹ۲ԸЭһ̣ܵԼھһǰδеϢ
ıЩ֪档֪Ӣģ֪뿪֮ԶͰǶĸӴң֪֮ǰζȹġ
֪ίһЩͬˣǾʲô鶼С軹ˣǵòȫֻһʲô˼أҰְֲֻҵİְ֣Ҳֻɷ򡭡
ʹĵӣ£ſٽ滳֡
־ʹڼžҹõοڶһ˵ʱɢĵһƬǿ̵ֶ˵͵͵滳ؿ󴫳
룬£ޡ滳ڻƵַ·߽ϸҸȫҪ£ҡ
еԹƺֹͣ仰֮벻Ҫ̧ͷܸܵ滳۾һŴӲΪġΪԼϢůȶŨҡ
顭
ץԼ·𽥼滳Ļ˵ƣ°ڻı滳һú˯ɣ㡣Ժµʱ򣬾ţڡ
ǵõ̫ϧһһϮ롣ǰֻ㱼ǵãʮһȫڰĻ˯
Ϊ滳ڡ
лҪ˵ʵҾûзЩʲôϧΪŷ滳顣֮󶼲СˣС˵һīسɹ棬Ҳ̫

ʮһ

峿, 滳ʱ˯ֻǾһЩ, 滳ָ۽ӹ, Ľëöָ
ӸЩ, ͷ滳δѣֻģһ䣺ôô硭
컹, ƽʱʱ仹ҪȽһЩ滳չü忴ӡ
һĸо滳ţԼϲ糿, вõ, ʱ, лԵõ롣ǵãʱһʱ, ȴûĸܡ
, Ҫ𴲣𴲾͸ˡһЩЩǳ, ͣ滳ؿڡȻطֻǲԸ滳ֿ
ֻʱ, ܿˡ滳ǶԼ˵һ, ظһ飺糿ܿͻˡ
ڴһ滳Ÿ, ٹһĺԾ͸ˡȻϴ겻ã滳ԡұ㿴ĺԴſŵĶš
ҵĴСǣûô
ĺһžͼüŪ۵ģʹ滳ڴʧʲôۼûСδ̫˰ɣѪԴһ໹˵ôࣿ
ĺ, ͻȥСһ㡣滳ûдİʾֻô֣صؽ
İɣҰʲôʱĺʳָųԿ׿ۣü£
滳תͷ룬յ֣ȥɣϵ
û˵ദʱ滳رԵôزסġʹôԸĺԿ˼Լֽǣ滳鲻š
ҵ裬۾ˡĺס۾ָȴס
滳һֱעЩ˿̼״ĺ˵һ䣺תȥ
ĺתбҪôѵ²ɣ
ɻ滳תǰһֱֱաᣬëһӯ
ˡһ䣬滳ĵ˵㡣滳ͷĿĺ뿪
ϣĺԳУŤͷһۣЦʣ˭ˣ滳Ĵķǳ棬ԼҲµò࣬һӣ滳ǰֻӡ
ʲôûֻ˯ѡȴһƬ
ĺһ£漴ַӦȷ滳磬ǵҪһʧʱŻһڻ黹û룬ô᳹һ
û˴ţôСǿϧˡװģ̾һ䡣һ΢Цţ֪ڲġ
滳ĺԺ뿪ԼһСʱ֮ǰ˾·ϳ˼һΣ˸
ûʲôÿ졣ǰһʱ䣬滳ʱ˾ͣȻ֪ϲڹ˾ĸλӡ
ʢⶰ칫¥ٽ滳żʱҲֻƽĽ˼ǵµ顣΢ײŤͷһһ̷棬͵Ŀ⿴
ܾûһԷˣ֪ζǲǻǰһá£˫ϣʦǰǼô
ţûл滳Ӧһ䣬ͷҨһڼ¡ʢԱĸҵлǷǳõģҲܹģ˾ҲҪƸԱ
ǰǸսʱҵҵѾʼȶҪڹϻ̫ʱ䡣Ǹʱһ緹һ°࣬ʱ򻹻ѧʱһڽɢ飬㻹ǵô
·˾ԶĻ䣬ǵĹʵңԶֻǺƽ֮ˣҲ͸оƺȥ˺ܳʱ䡣
滳Ȼ治ɫǵá
ǸʱΪսʢ⣬ûʱȥҪһӡҸ˵˺ӣкŮҶһȥһڻҪһȥΣҸ㻹Ҫźӹÿһա㻹ǵô
˵ת࣬۾ﶼڴ밧Ѿûа취ˣ̩վ滳һߣֲܸԼĸĸ̹ףһҵľΪȣ˵ףҲȡ
ô棬ҪҲֻ滳һ˶ѡֻϣܹԭԼһЩʲôҪģٲʧȥܡ
Ҷǵá滳鲻΢΢ףɫЩ׷ӣˡ
һûˣҶ֪滳Ȼƽ׽ˣȴԱ˵ʲôΪ꣬˶ԾͷʱкҲ͹ˣҪܱߡ
Һܸ㶼ǵáƲסοָס滳ڲϵ֣ϵһŮ˶ܾ̾ǣ飬һؼҺôǺúҲЩǵˣòã
滳ϵô˵Լִ£гߣĿеʣղŵĻ˵һΡ
׼˼ȲĴȴҪ˵һ顣Ȼһ˿ϣȻߣæظ˵ǰսʱ򡭡
ԣ滳鼰ʱסĻǰǸսʱ򡯣ôҲ˵ǰǰöǽ໥εǰ£أҪٸظһô
˵ǰЩ̬ȻȽϻͣôǲָĹʧͷҨһ΢Щ£۵ƽͣ˵֮һȥۺʰҵĶǲô̫ѿģϣϡ
㶵ƽȴ־Ļڲ۾ȫ滳ƽݡ
޲̬˵ĮĻ·ǹļȫȻڣֻ·һ㣬ϵ
ãȻذ칫ˣˡҲ͡滳վк㲻ͣ
ߵøɴѣºȴ棬ǰһǸʱոսԼ׷˵ʾãҲһĹϼ˵㲻ٹԥ
ڵԼЩкһ̣ȻеǿҵʧУԼʧȥŮˡ
صңϴɵϵŵ绰졣ǲ滳绰ֻǹ˼滳᲻˭һ𣬵绰һᱩ¶ʲô
Ϊһֱţ绰һ̽սͨʹһЦ滳ʣȺܾô
áȵһ̣پöþˡ
滳鿿ڴͷԼߵĿλɤͳԺҴ绰ʹ򣬲ҪԼҲĻضšϵҽͻصԭǸ롣
ţ֪ˡüشӦ滳ôƽ⡣
ҽ쿴ĵƬӣ쵽h΢ԵĲˡ滳ЦЦ˵޵ִ飬h׿诵Ļ治ҪڿŵдͷΨǶΪĳмɡ
˵ˣҲϰһ籾Ǹһ»ǿյġһ䣬֪طӦʵôʱල鹤أ
УϢʱ仹еġ
þõ˼ţĴָĥֻԵСʣ飬һμʲôʱ򣿡
仰Ǻͨ⣬滳еһ˿˿ɬǸȷĴ𰸣ȷ˽ȴȷʱ䡣
һμʱ򣬾ǲҪȵʱ򡣡滳˴˫΢΢һ
ܿôʵ
ܿ졣
滳һųذ⣬ûڵȺϣֻҪԼôҲһ֡
һˣڵԼԼôһ죿
лҪ˵һ¸Ƥ

ʮ

ԴӸ߷һ𿴹Ӱ֮, ĺԼȥ, 칫ﲻ, ǷҪһԷ
, ʱ仹һʹȥ˹߷ôĺ绰Ҳ, Ҳûƾƣ߷ɴҲˡ
Сӿ, Ҹʲôˡս˰칫, ĺԾױ, ݲͺൽ칫ϡ
߷̧ͣͷǲԾزЦ, ʲô
ҹ˾¿һҲ, ǼˮȺóԣҸһݡã㲻ȥ²ˡĺߵ߰һͺиӴ, һζ˲ʱ硣
ֻӨ͸Ľӱڲͺ͸͸ĽƤܹ, Ⱦʳָ󶯡
Թô߷ֻɨһ۱̧ĺ, ôʳ, ҲʺһԼʳˡ
ݾҵģѲΪݶ㣿Եô㣿ĺ°ָָһͺУղʱԼȳˣ뻹Ҫ߷һ, Ȼ۰ͰͿŹ߷һ˳ԣ྾ġ
ԼǷҲൽ칫ϣڰ칫ǰӣߴ򿪲ͺб˵԰㣬˾ûôóˣڻţرóԣ㳢
Ǽù߷ְ̬ȣ˵õıӦ̻ʵؿʾĶóԲ
߷ЦЦ˿Ӽһӣ
ԼҪʲôźõΪÿΪʡĺԳ㵥ûǰ֪ȴûʲôȷĿģʶľٶ
Ǻܺóԡ߷һ䣬ЩĺദʱҲǺɫ
㳢صģǸϺȣζһġù߷ޣĺԾͷ·Լһ˷ܣܲ˵ؼԼͺһӣ쳤ֵݵ߷ǰ
ɵķΧһӾͱͻأشϣ߷۵ƽؿǸݵԼǰĽӣĺҲΪԼľٶ
ʾϵܵΪǹۻ¶ܹ߷ȲǷǳõѣˣͻȻĶȻܵõӦ

ĺԲ˼ЦЦЩˣҪջ߷ȴϵſҧסǸӵһǣҧһ飬ϸ֮ҲܺóԣѹôƼ
ĺԵҲֻΪ֮ǶԼʲô뷨ù߷˼֮»Ǿ
һƬ⣬ܲñ
ĺջ֣Ҳ֪⻹⣬߷ҧһڵĽӽԼͺһͬ¡
ǰѻСôǱȥĻˣ˯һʲôûɡ
Ϊ˲̫֮ΣĺԿ˻ͷ滳顣
ûȻдȣϾڻϵڣʲôпܷ˿ࡣ߷üϢʱˡ
滳鲢ûʲô̫ӡ󣬵֮ǽΪ׵ġ
û˵ԣʱ档֪ŮǸʲôӣһֱǱǨŵġĺԴ²룬ҲΪһЩҪߵʱܿó
߷㴽һ˵ǱǨ͵Ҳϰˣȴһϲ˳Ȼ̫࣬ӦҲ̫࣬ܲϲ
أĺԷһƾƵһЩڱ˿ҲǺֵÿ佱ġ绹ûͰ赱ԼİТ˳ٱ磬յʱôŮ˶ĽҪ鱦Щϲô
ĺ⼸ϲⷽ治ھ߷ʵܣ߷֪ǺԹȥģɡҲ⣬ɫȻ˵ڸҵĹϵôûʲôӦõġ
ŶĺЦһվߵߣ۾ı鶼ڸң㲻ϲ
߷㽩һ£ŤͷоĺԵĶߣȵĺգ˵ĻһһͳǲϲΪƷΪ͵Ͳϲǵ˵ôҪúÿǣڿǵˣ
ҿǵôûϵ߷סԼĺ׽סĺԷԼͷ֣תĺԣ̫ôߡôǣҲ޹ء
оΪĺԸղ̫ͻԼĿһؿųѾڣĺԵΪﲻǰôᷳȴһֹ˼ɡ
Сӣ̫ˡĶзǷ֮룬ôλܰȻĺ߷ᴵһȻصԼλӣ¶ԵЦݡ
ĺԾӣ߷˿ЩĺѲɶÿ˶
ûףߵ绰˽ܣˡ
߷üһʲôʲôƳֱԼĺһۣ˵
ĺüһ⿴ԼһٻشǼ˼˹Ʋʲôͨˡ߽ƾƣĺͺЦˣͦģŮѺ빴˶ˣƾôݡ
ƾƻͦĺģټǰʳУعϵȷʵܺãôڰ칫һ͵ĵز
߷㣬Щû뵽СѾԹˣһ緹ƾưѴĲ͵һԣº˵Сþò
ĺڣй߷̫ȵĳƺټûõĺԣǲԼ
Դϴڹ߷ֵò֮һ߷档ҲԼŮѣĻҲ˻ôҪܽӴģȺˣû׼߷һҲͬˡ
þòƴŮѵģҾͲˡĺȤЦһ˫ʱɢŹ/۾գգҪߡ
ͷҲ֪ǲЩŹ겻˳һһŮѣŮȴѾ֪ʲôˡ
ƾΪĺԲ߷˵ʲôĺѾϵԼһԸ߷㵹˸ɾ
֮۾ۣҾ͸ԵġƾæܾЩʲôԹ߷˵߷㣬⼸еæҸ绰
߷㵥˵ϴǼ£ĺڣž͹ȥȽϺã´μҲ˳ȻҪˡ
˵ɣһҿҪᡣ߷һĺԲֿ˻
ȻȥˣҪǶ˾ͳԡƾתĺ˵СҾͲǽ˵ˡ
ĺԺЦĿ뿪һϣɤϸϸ߷ãڶѧ˰
Ȼأ߷㲻Ϊ
ǡôģһҲ¶ڵӡ
߷ֻ΢ЦЦΪ벻ҡ
ĺһ㲻ܻڹ߷ǰҴƾƣ߷㷴Ѿ֪ˣҲ˼Ҫƾơ˵߷ûģûУǶҪ
ƾ֮ûʲôĺҲϰ࣬Ҳ͸˹߷㡣
˰칫ҹ˸ҪߣĺԺȻ⧲ͱ˹ȥҪкߺشһͳϤСôòųҿɵܾˡ
ͷһ־御ȥĺԵֱָҲƴٰһΪ˭ء
˭СѺܶࡣƾЩĺѹǽ棬񲻸ղڹ߷칫ĹУа
ϻͲö˵ˡƴٰҶʲôĺԵ屻ѹƵöã֪ƾƵͼʱȻֻȡġ
ϴǼ²֪С㿼ǵˣһڵŴ𸴡ƾƴսЩĺϵζֻԼʲôڴ
ϴλʲô£ĺü۾װģƾỮͷ
˵ͿǺˣֻû˼绰Ȼˣ罫ƾͼơ
ƾϲãҪȥĺԣĺĳסһתѵŮѵĵطһ棬ôˣҵ绰
ô⣬չ黹ⲻ˱ƾһաȽ˵뿪ĺĺڵĿͶ߷칫ҵķ
еĳ񶼱£ͽ˻ᣬ˺ù߷㿴ס
лҪ˵Сǰ˵ƾʲôģѾСкøˣС񣬴ҷİ

ʮ

滳鵥ԶľٶȦﴫ÷з, ýȻȨƲ̫׽Ӱ, ڰŵмȴԼŶеĸֲ²⡣
Ѿ˾֪, ӼҲɱյϢ滳ڴе, 󲿷ֵָһߵ
Ӽҳ֪һͬ, 滳ֻܶ赭дһ䡰֪ΰƽ֮ۡ㲻ٻӦǱĸһѵ, ̬ƽϢҡ
, Ĳ֪ô졣Ҫ, Ҳûֹյڿɳϣ°ðϸܵĺ, Ƿϲ
ӸŹľʵذⲽ, ǾԲܳȥģĬԶԣɲɹĺ
, ֻһΣӸʣ޽Ѿ׵ﲻͣ˼žǺá
̹вΪ֮, кһȭͷѾֻ֮, عȥ֮ѾӼ
ǡȭͷ, ϥ΢΢
ӸƬ̣˵ֻ·һ飬ȻһвϵĲ²ѹ͡ڶ, Ը飬취ûת⣬鵱һη޼Ħյ֤ڶ
һڱסӸ뵽ȻҲȻ滳鶼һס
֣ЩҶ֪ǡ
ҹĺôӸɨһۣĿ
ûСĺҲûãֻ֪档˵ĺԵʱһ˿ϲ滳Ψʲôϰ滳Ⱦϡ
Ӹ˵ĺԸĸǴСɵġʹԸر𣬵Ӧ֪ദô꣬ų֮άôõꡣ
Գ˼ӸֵĺԵĻڻﲻãȥǧҪСĺԣصΨһᡣ
ȥĨһվҪߣӸһ¹ȵסأӲҪסٱסЩȥӼҲгš
ͷҴ¥ϴ
ĺ鷿һẓ̇һֻͨʱʱһЦż̵û˷
˵ôأԭǹ߷㲻ЦмӣԷû
⻰ô˵ģǰʲôпܸı䲻ôƾΪĺϹˣʲô
Ӵƴ٣⻰ʲô˼ǰʲôпܣ˼ҪȢôЦţα۵һ˿Ц⡣
£˭˵׼أƾƴŹĺԵԤ֮СǲƾˣΪֳ˼⻰֮Źҵ绰
չҵ绰ͿϢʾǸղŸƾƴ绰ʱģҡòصϢĺԣһ¿ƺڱ֪ûʱƷƷЩġ
ĺԡҡһôòҵȻǲʲôƫƫЩɶڳġ
ȻĺôҲö˶˼ӡһСʱƵ߽ȥ֮ԿĲ졣
õˣһߣٹλԼ㡣ĺЦ޺ضԷ˵
õС㡣зȻѵûκξ죬ӵ뿪ǵλá
ĺԣʲô˼̬вȻĺԵų⣬ȻῪĵȥ
ĺһָнذ˳Լգʲô˼ô
滳ܵѣôԴʲô˼һҡҡͷ⸻ҹӶڳʲôˣ
ӢЩȻǸյɷʧ٣ȦԵĺԿŶġöŰԼѽʵʵ˲͵ˣ滳ľܸıģ
ĺԣҺܰ飬Ҳ顣ԣҡ
¶ĺԴδĳϿ밧ǽģۺļ滳ӣĸ߶˶ﲻ۷塣ûΪκͷΨһ
ĺЦһܸܲңôģڱŮ˴Ͻ֣֮˦һ䡮㲻šţ
ֶ治˶ģ԰֮б֮ʵʵڿνġ
ĺзˣû뵽˵ֵزԼ潫Իڳ˵ȴҲһɷС
㿴ƽʱΪģȻô˵Ҷĺô۵ģֻһ¾ͷҡͼתƵճԼ۵ϴ塣
ĺԻȻһصӣתΪ˫ģ˼˵ֻҪķãܿЩķϣû߳һ㳶ƽô
˼ֻҪҪԼĸĺȴǴװͿӲǽ˼󻯣˵
Ҳ˼
ĺû˵ʹϵȻ˼û鲻ҪֻĴ㵽ҪôҲ˵ģҸ㸴˵ǣǲ̫ҳʱģ
۾˵ֻü°ԼɼɫǳŲŹκӵѽ⼸ñȽǷϣԼصعκӣҲˡ
ǰ滳õʱ򣬼ۿԼУܾöЩġ
ûҪӱܣԳͷңôáǹȥĸ飬ҪֻҵĴЩĺѵΪһȫôϾͿĨһصƣͰˣ˫ǰĲˮǽڷָýġ
ǳͷĺɫΪܺߵҪѡôͷôΡֶѣסһй۵ˣôϴϴɾģο㲢ϴֻҪԹֹ
ȻԼ˶ˡûжһ˷Ѿ˼ȥȻҲҪڷ˴ʱǧټƵȥأΪ˿һֱǴġ
Ĳܸһλô֪ңһȥһ˿ϣ˵һ˵ģҼǵû˵Ҫȫܳ㿴ôֻҪӦҶŪ
ĺ˫һҪǴ󷽣Լû֣Ҽﳵⶼˣ򲻵ñ򽨰ش
ĺԣôͲס׷ʵ
ţͦõġĺЦޱˣ˳ִԼīվߵɿļ㻹ǳ˰ɣܼŸ鲻͵ͷֶһըʹǧ֮һıըܣ뻻㣬Ҳͷߵġ
ĺԿ߿ƿŵͬʱһ䡰ҪôЦݸ
ϣ滳չ绰֮յһţ
滳飡Ҹ˵ûôҪܳôң
лҪ˵һƤҪʼճˣζҪ

ʮ

úܿ졣
ޱȲͷ, ޲ý쵱һȹʱ, ÷·һգ۱š
, Ĺ, ҹ滳ķǰƺǳЦݣȻ, ֪ƫʲô
ģȻ, ȴδһ˲Ϊͬҹĺһ, ƽ, ĳ
ϲʲôأɷ򣬵õҲֻǱȳ˶һЩĹӴ, ֮ҵİδ֮
滳ɵؽĶһһ֮ߡԳЦ, Լһ涼Ըˡ
Ų鸡߽ͬķ䣬ˮûȥʰͷβ, ûһΡ
ֻҪԼĶ͵, ûһʰߡ
ٽ°, 滳벦˸绰
, ʲôʱؼңƽģɴ绰ͷһоԾ
ŵߵңôˣվھȺԶһЩĵطԶԶų޸ĺ۽Ϸ
š滳һ, Цǳǳ𣬡Կеڶô
аֻһһڼ벻⣬ֻʵش
ˣ滳ô⣿ֱԲģҪô˵һ˵ֱص㣬ôػսˣ
滳Ȼ͵͵˵һ䣺ڶѿԸô
ԼתָȻͣ滳ҪԼԿܲ˼˵ģʱֻһͬӵźš
̹ЦüʣҪһס
ôһʣ滳ǱǿѹƵɬբرĻԼЩЦ⣬ʶʹԾֻſںࣺ͵ûʹɡ
ȵȣ飬ںôЦøˣԶߣɲԼ滳Ļȥ
滳ĳĬ֪Լ¶ˡ
Խǿ޼᲻ݵ˿ԽǴûм滳ΪǶλҲܴһԭΪֻΪʱģɵĻشȻ滳е
ߵ䣬᣺֪ģÿһ춼һס֮á
롭΢Сʧչ黹Ǳֲ滳ڱ﷽ԽԽֱˣֻܸܵҵСĴһ㣬ƽʱõ˻Ȼȴ̲ܹİ
̩֪滳鲻סڼʱ򣬲û̫⡣ǰżסԼǱߣҪҲӦûָԭȵĹ켣
飬ʰˣ˲豭滳ߣšü˵鲻ãͰѹ˾·һţҲһʱ
С滳ûҺһ֣µ磬涼ִ֪硣ĺӿÿͥҪģ̩οͬʱҲ˼̫أҺĿǰû
ûµİ֡滳鷴ο˵ҸĺԼǱСס죬Ȼٻȥ˵ЩΣΪһ˽Ŵ̩ȴǲòΪ֮
Լĸ飬鲻ܹ̩̹ףֻܹһȥֲοʼ
Ҳã͵ɷˡ̩ȻӦѾ滳ʲôˣ㹻˼жӦȥʲôҪʱķ֣Ǹš
Щ⻰֮滳뿪ңȥȻĺǱߣֱֱҵķ
ӵ滳ĵ绰Ҵ¥滳ֻ˸С䣬һЩ·ѡ
ţ§˹ȥǼû滳һ绰Ϻһֻͨ绰˼ѾˣҪ滳飬Ҫܵӵ¶ȡ
ӭҼңǲǿԲˣ滳ߺıƽ滳鲻òϣֱ۸о滳ǻöЦô˶ʡ
滳΢΢תͷһƺˮЦЩһ䣺²¿
Ҳ¾ǲˣҲֹǺööϡĺ޵شϣΪ룬΢̧°ͣ˵Ĵߡ
뼫Цһ˹ȥһϸϸ˫Ǵݼһ˿϶ʪŶ飬ϯ滳񾭡
Ȧ壬滳ؿڵÿһÿһϸ΢죬ظܵ滳鲻¶֪Ƕ˵Է
ֻƬ̣滳˻صĴʾܽӴĽƽԼĺʳ֪ζ򴽣˵ߣȥҷ䡣
飬סһòãһߣһʡ׽ĹϵαҪ˼Щ뵱ȻҪرܸ滳ܾٶɻ˼ңûκعˡ
ҲŸҸһˣ滳һ¹ͣЩϷʣǲҪչô俪ʼٵһ䡣
תͷĪЦ⣬һʲô˭Կ׵ģ˭˼˵Ҫסһģţ
Ȼ滳顣ŵĴһ㻡ȣס֣ô鶼ûУ
ûʲôʵģ㡣뷢Լһʼʶ滳ʱͲȥʲôĿĵؽӽԼҲΪǶʱԼд󲿷ֵϡֱ鵽һתۣǿ϶Լĸо
滳ֺĶʱһ˿ƲסҪȥʹ֪ĿĲǽӵ绰ʱ򣬲ɷϲ
滳һԼ·Ž¹Ϲŵʱ˵룬˰еĶʰҼˣԼ˼ҰǩЭ顣ĺԵĴִʧûȫҲиˣټӼҵѹȣʲôˡ
ţǺܿˡʱңô£ѾԼˣΪԺﻹ
ᣬҸҰ˵˻סĺǱһʱٻȥҪӦӼҵĳʱȥʲô滳ЦݵȫȨ֮´ԼԸ
˵赭дץסص㣬˵ȥĺǱߣȴԼ
ǵãڳһ涼ԣôһΪ˼Լ˻ѣǲǸԣҳ֪ΪһŮˣǲǵͬΥ棿
顣
ţ
ϲ㡣ϲϲǡϲϵ˴ǻЩĵģԼһ첻ٱϲٱ۰ܵõһ۵ľˡ
ȻܹᵽԸֵɣǷͬ顣õ滳פͣõҪһԸȻԸټһ档
滳侲ˣ˰һĪҸСǺȻĳһȥ¾ľ޴
жϲܰ滳ͷֻסϲĥˣΪܣҲָо
ϲһ㶼ỳһһᰮ㡣ס´ᴥͬĴз⡣
һʱûˣ˵ģ̸ʱڽʱպͽյʱ򡣿Щʱȴûи̫ĸдʱʼеİ
ڴĵڵһ֮ǰǲǸϴϢˣ滳˿һЩ롣ȥҪһˡ
ǻҪҪַ˯俪ʼչŴչһŴţĵЦţҪ䡣
ҲԣҲԼ˯ġ滳æվӿߣԳһЩͣһЩ⡣
ҲŲҪҪһ˯ҪҪڵÿһ춼Ҫ滳Ʈĳмǰһսǹȥ滳ֻļ£޹֮Ҳˡ
лҪ˵ʵϰҲܵò

ʮ

ﱸ˼, ĺԴȴ, ĥ䡣ٵȥƾһ, ɲܱ֤һԼһס
νﱸ, ƾжķΪҪЩʲôĺԵľ, ǻ
ֻ˸ױҪţµһ¥, 򽨰ؿһ, ʵĺ, Ķȥ
ĺֻεͣ£ߵɳ, ȥ氡, Ҫһȥڰĩɻ治ǳȥģҪ졣
Щ߰Ķ, ʲôøһȥģ򽨰صһۣȥ滹ܸʲôЩѻһ
Ҫô˵, Ⱥ֡أ˼滳߾ûˡҲ滳黹Ը, Ȼĺ߿ܾһЩ, һסĶûС
ô˵ģҽҪĿ¡ĺһ򽨰أͳֻʱ䣬ַһ߷㷢ĶţЦݷŴ
ӹ˾칫ҵ߷㶼ͬĺ̤, һͬѶϢžҪȥĹ߷ڶȥǸطȻҪһݴ
˵û̯ӣֵñ򽨰سĺĴָҲָĺгһոͷˣά״̬ллˡ
ʱ̯ӣıһҰæءĺԷ˸ۣǻʱҲûٶ˵ʲôȻˣҪ̩ɸ򽨰һ죬ǾͲʲôˡ
򽨰ʣ鲻Ǹ־ôʲôҪæģ
ûʲô֪ʱ֪ˡˣԼİɰĺԿһʱ䣬ٸ򽨰سƤŸš
٣⺢ӡ
ĺԿֱ߷ңŲҪе飬һֱķž§Ź߷ܵغһСӣ벻ң
ſ߷˫̯ĺԼ֡
ǣܲеȤһôˣĺԷſû˵ţ߽
ȤֶҸ֮еġ߷㵹˱ˮݸע⵽ŵĹϢЩױݱȽϵյĺ촽첻ǳǳķɫ
ң˲ǣĺԺ˿ˮգһգ۾Ȥɲֻ¼УѼദҲ̫ˡ
ϻĺ˵ģ߷û취ȥϸһаȴ˵ǡô߷ûܹ粵˵Ļ
ĩϢʲôģ߷ɳϵġĺʲôҲˣȲܴû취Щ˽£ֻȿĺʲô飬óŪߡ
񡣡ĺ˵ﾫ֣һĸղŵ
񣿡
һ¶ĵ񡣡ĺɤᣬżְʾһ˿ΣգôöûǲΪƾûаЩǰĴңΪյôûյǰ
ܽ߷ðٷ֮ȷôʱܿ϶һ㣬߷Ǵԥġֻ֪ڹ߷һռȸһЩ
߷Цһ΢̧°ͿȥΪʲôôҵĸ/£Ҹ֣ܵõʲôʵ˵벻ĺǿҪԼ¾ģ⵽
ʲôܵõֻҪôѡĺʼ޹һû¸ɴϷʲôԵģô룬ҶȤԱҪȰŪص
ֻĺ벻Ļû˵Ļ߷üһۣˣ߹ȥڹ߷ߣЦж⣺ұƾƿ׵ö࣬ԲᱳҸ㣬ҪҪǿǣ
ĺԣ߷վŭ⣬Լ̫ʧ֮΢ЩԾɱ䣺ע˵ĻҪ̫֡ҲϲŮˣѡ
ĺԸϣЦһ˵ֻأ˵ôЩǸýˡѣù߷㿴ϸѡ
߷㻺һԼĺóֻĿԼɻĺ˵绰ƾƣԼ棬ҸɣֻҪԼϴС
߷ֻԼٳٲĺüĸģ˵
߷㴹˼ƾ֮ҪҪĿǱĺԶȰԼҲвʧĵضԼƲЩ˲ԴǣȷûʲôԼ飬ʱԼʮֺġ
绰ջǲ˹ȥ߷ǳ˵ƣ˵ܾûмˣһȥԶٷ㿴ô
ƾô߷㣬绰ʱ򣬸̨ܲʶȤôȻڴӦ߷һ䡰ţǺãһȥ֮˵绰
ĺվŪЦһߵ߷ߣŮԼһδĸȻܾܾб飬Ǿˡ
߷㵭صѾӦˡĺӣЩĺԴʲô
ڹ߷ע£ĺóԼֻҡ߷㲻һЦעǱ¡ûĺԵͨѶ¼ĺԶһ˵УʲôҪĵȹ˵绰ٸ˵
߷ͷӦʣĺԾͲͨƾƵĺ룬ҿᡣ
С㣬ôˣƾƼ߷㱾ƽ͵ɫ㺮ࡣ
⼸ĺԴ绰ĵòֺ뵽ڵ绰ͷˣһ뷢ϵĺԣһŮѡ
ΪƾƵĵϷĺԽֵЦ˵Ȼˣѵƴٲô
أҿ㣬Ҫ㲻Ըңֻҵ绰ϵ϶֪жˡƾƶĺԼʲôϵԴǶ˵óڣֻƽʱûи߷˵
߷⼸仰֪˼ϸڣĺԸƾ˽ϵĺԲͬƾƵҪûм档
ӴίءĺЦתЩȻҳԷȻ󡭡ţ
߷˴۾гһ
ȷƾƴнϾٳª鶼ûö֮ذԼǰĺڵΪȴڽοԼЩ˺ɷ飬ƾưٰоǰ
ƾԥˣȻ˸ղŹ߷Լ
ĺôѣ߷һЩֻ˶ߣˣոջ˵ңԼ㶼Ը⣬˼ҿǺܳʱûԼ˳ȥˣҪúء
߷ҧס´ʹһһ룬ۿĺЦĵԼǰ/ԼѡеƾƴЦ˵úúãȥȥʱ޷ƴյС顣
ദһʲôˣһʼͷ˽ҡ˼ҺƼѾͷԼˣƾƵĸĸƾĵЩªϰҲһʱûκŮ˲ɲϢ
ɳԹɽ亣ζôľϰߴֲ赭ȨƣвĸԸڻǰŮ˶಻ʤ
ĺԲ֪ʲôʱ˵绰̧Ϲ߷ҧ촽ҧˣҧˡ
߷ĺԣһ仰˵ֻ۾Թ¶ģ˵ѾôԼˣΪʲôҪң
˵ĺʲôҲ֪һáĺͷãѵõᣬûи棬ֻʱԽԽȤ֪ģһֱȤֻһθŵÿ
߷ᣬѹĲƾƵıѣԼҪصĶ˺¶¡ͷ·ӱǰһ࣬ûеõκĵĿ⣬Ծѿ
ĺԡһ˻ƵĿǻһ˿
ţ
̫ˡ
ĺԷЦˣ߷̬紺㽽ĵ׵һ˿ʶʹһʱ׳
Ҫȫ԰ϴȻץڴֱۣ޴룬ҪĲֻ뿪Ҫ˺ԼĺԵŲһ£ָĨȥ߷εᡣ
üۺȻ˵СӣҺһøС
ͻıù߷һֻһૣְɣԿ¶ȵĴεĴߡ
߷˸飬ƿĺԣȴЩĺԣ뿪Ҽңߣ
ʲôĺЦҸһǿҲֻϴ˵Щ黰ǶԹ߷кøУҲǳŷϵȥģûʲôԵģֻûô
߷ü˼֣ЦҲ˺Ϊʲôһһ߲ܣΪʲôҪ̤һ
ĺüЦ߷ô۲ǡҲϲŮˡָƾһ
Ҳôһ֪ҸġǸʱ򣬼ǵøһĴ𸴡ĺ˵첽ȥڹ߷ͷһ£ߵֳ̳һյɫ
ĿѾﵽĺԲپ߷þȴز촽ƺĺָ¶ȣǰҲƺõղİ
ģǹ߷ֱ
лҪ˵Ҫ߿ˣҪԵͬѧ˯úϢӴƽԾͺãҪţ^_^

ʮ

໥ϲͬǿԽһµĽ, ˵ϰ߱Ͼͬ滳鶼ϲڵ, ҶĵװŶԷһЩϰԡ
滳鵽ˮĹڶļ, һļ, һűߡڿӭͬž籾룬ļײһ, ˲̧ͷ
ӶЦ볶˳ǣĩ, Ǿȹˣ˵õľͿһ, Ҳ֪ļ;籾˶á
滳Ѻϵļˮŵ, ߵɳ£ֶԼߵλáֻ˳ӵȥ, տ㱻ס, һ䣺һĺҪ˵͵㶫
ĺǵ˼Ҳǽ, 滳鲻˵ƶѡ
ţ֪ˡס, °ҧһ, , Ϸh׿诳ϷһΡ
ţⲿֲô滳鱻վһͬʡ
ǵǣֻиӡҾ֮ǰһġ籾һΡ, ʡ
滳ӹ籾˵h׿诳𼧡֮׿hܷϷh׿ױϷݡ
۾һʱ︡𼸷׿ױ֮˵꣬૵⾵˶ˡ̬ʮַϾ籾Ҫ󣬷·ǰľһ澵ӣ滳׿诡
һ˿Ц漴ߵ滳õɤϷӱˣҪҵġ̨¿Ϳõݼģh
˵ָ꣬滳ļͷḧ˿ԹϷʦҵģƽն᲻ǫ̂ءߵ滳ǰ滳
ģϷh׿жױĶſţ滳˽ȥѵü滳ڴˮ˫װԼԼ滳Ǿ޷ֿģһֱֱȥ
κ滳Ծɵ̨ʣ˳Ķཻʱһ䡰๫һ룬籾ȷʵˣжױ֮ǽǣһЦݣǵ滳ߣ飬ѡȥˣк֡
ͼԣ滳֪ܲ§Цݵ˵๫֪ܵԼ̨ʣһģ֪᲻ᱻ
ڲϷʱˣʱ䣬̨Ҿһɫ۵ȴЦӿ
ࡣ滳Цֱ۵ס
Ҳ֪Сʲôʱȳ緹ɡ˵滳ͬˡ
˵滳Ҳµó뻹ǸϲԼ£滳ݵ̫һ̶ϵȻҲҪ滳Լ
ĺ緹ģȥţֻĺ̰ĿԼĲϣ֪ĺʲôˡ
ĺԣ緹ôûеĻзˡ滳˱ˮڲ輸ϣӹһļһߡ
ĺԡҡһ᣺ȻˣĸûԷ¿ܸʶôÿû¹˵Ƴһ룬ĿϷʣ벻ֱӡ
Ҳǿ緹ŹģﵱȻȫ뷨Ȼ滳Ϥ滳ͬסײ̫ˣҪǱߵĻҪ
ˣš滳ԼߣֵֻĶĺԵǻˡЦЦ
£滳һĺԡ
ĺг˵沮Ǳ߲⣬ҰǱҲˣ˵סýĿϣŲȥõģӼҲĳȥ
滳ͷãڸӼҶдȣ滳ܶȴǸӼӣ˾ǧԸ⣬Ҳء
˵ĺЦһ£ɳغһиѱҲã˭֪Ժ᲻ʲô߸Ӽʩѹôͣ˵滳Ҳٸعںãӣû׼ȥ
ܶҼǩЭ飬ʱˡ滳ĺԵлΪ飬ĺһʱ䶼Ľȡ
ʲôлϻǸѾˣûʲôöĺ˫۷Ź⣬͵ٴ滳ͳЩʲô滳ղһЩƷϲãһ漰ģҺԼҶרſճء
Цһĺ仰֮ǰ滳ԼҪôлʱ⵽˵ԣദĳһȾԷģ
룬֮ʧġ֮滳ûйڿءͼֵ棬ĺҲǱˣѼ以޲ס
βҪˡĺҪĿɲʲôʵˣ˸ɫ˵СãС㿴ô
ţ벻Եתͷ滳飬Ҳãѣֿĺԣʲô˼Ҫ߷㽻
ʱ߷ҲżϵǴû߷˵ʲôʱĺйĽӴ
Ҳǣ߷Ǹ˼ǾһʵģģᡣӸĺȣ߷㲢ûн¿ʮֱҪ߻ƾڣǲĺԡ
ĺԵͷɫǣƾƵĻô죿֮䵽ôһ£
Ȼӹ̫ˣھһһʯͷӽƽĺһӴ˼ž滳Ҫ飬ĺҪ߷ǣעĿǲܵˡ
ĻˣѵŮǣ黹ʲôýģĺԳأ͸һԵõζԴ뿪߷֮ûϵ߷㣬͵ʱ䣬źù߷ӭĹơ
뵹û̫ԾƾƸ˲ɲ͹߷㶼֪ģΨһеֻĺԻ֪߷ƾƵ״
бҪôôĶô࿼ǵģûʲôԼˡ벻˵ĺԴߴһ䡣
ĺԡ滳Һٹ飬һ䣬߷ϾлԼǰˣƾ˫Ը£㲻ĺ԰棬Ȼȷϵ֮Ҳδ滳黹Ҫ
ĺЦݲмƾƼңҶڹ߷㲻֪ʱֻǰ뿴ģģǰѡҰҵ뷨ˣǼƾһҲʲôģǷġ
ôһ˵ǸЩЩ߷㶼ûиЩʱϵ߷㣬ĺóֻڲ輸ϣ滳գգۣ飬һи㣬ɱˡҪǩͻȻԣⶫԺá
ʲô
ҲĺԵֻֻһҳ棬²á̴ֻһصĴϢ˵ģŵһŮ˵Ľߴ١
ҸšϲһŮ˶϶Цʣóڵòᡣ
ڵĻȻ㡣ʹɤ϶Ů˵ƣŶƺЩŮ˵ĶҲ
滳üͷšᣬо뾾ϣص
ĺԹƵ٩ʣôɣһҸ㴫ﱸãСˣϴʱ¼áҲ鵽ͬʱҲ鵽ãٺ١䲻Ҳ֪ǸŮ˹ͨǺ˼ҵԡ
ȫǶĺԹĿ࿴ˣ֪ĺԻʲô˱/ϵ¼û˵
ԺֶóţԼɡ滳鵭Ƴһۡ
ǣ֪ллҾ˻ĺװֵӡ
ִһ滳볶һЩл뿪ˡ
лҪ˵һ¾ˣȻ󷢹ͷø
ûзϰ黰ܿʼˣ

ʮ

ʱ˵Ҳ, ˵Ҳø滳һʱ伸Ƿ, ɾǩЭһԽ, ־øĹ
صظ˵ܶҪ㵽, Ҫ滳ȥϰࡣǻǩЭʱ滳ٴһ
ׯ滳ע, ƽʱ׽ûôҪԼװƫƫȴĸһ, ֻϵıûô⡣
, ôˣһ᲻ҳŵ, ֲǲˡ滳׽סָ֣£š
кҪҪ, ҵȻҪšϸƽ滳ڵ, ſӡ
ҿһ㶼ߣҪҰװڴߡ滳Ϸʰ˵
΢̧ͷ滳ۣƽ͵Ŀ, 滳߳飬һʱָ滳δϵĿ۴ᰴ, ˵Ҷ, һ᲻÷ſ㡣
滳лϵ, ܹӵ滳һӵˣȴҪԼޡĵõ滳ģʱƺ֤ιϵڹƼ滳顣
ԸʱӮ, Ҫ뿪ʹʹͷ̸ӵУģҪࣿ滳飬κˡ
Ļ滳һЦ˵ʱ򣬾ʹѡ˶˵ҪĶѡþصĶԵչʾ᲻ңںĶ֮£ҲҪġ
ͷĬϣпǸпȴûͬȡĽ滳ĹǲӵǾԼ
ϣǣ滳һȥ⣬ֱǰ滳סǵز˲գ˭Ȼ˭ڼҵţܡô˵һ䶣ָ롣
ãȥɣԽԽˡЦϳ˽絽ھЩգǺ»ʲôӰɡ
Ŀ滳ĳʻºЦܳʲôӣ滳ľϸʲôʱ©
˷ֿһȥ˹˾һƬȥ
һϣ滳鰴ԼݵʱصҡܸоĵǣʱĵȻֻڻصǩǰһ绰
ͬʱҴţʻ򳵿ͣ˳ԹԵ߳Ǽץס
顣
أ˽Ŀġ滳ͣסŲŤͷȥ˶ʾԼĲá
֣š̩ɶѾڿţʣ滳֪ǵģñʾҲһͱʾ
֣衣һɳϵ̩򸾣İʹó֮˶С
ڼ˼죬˼ҹֻ滳һ绰Щ¶ȥˣӣǰ˵һԸ⽫µи
ÿ˯ȥͷѵԾɿյģ滳Ʒ¹ֻʣ鷿ϲϲĸֱʣӹ˾ļдϢʱƮɢ
̩̾˵ǩɣǩȥ̧֡ͷֻյŮݣǸߴͦΣȴ͸һǰܵϢ
滳ó׼õЭ飬ӷֱļǩԼ֡ϱñֱ˵ˡ
͵һ飬ĿӲ輸ϵЭƵƽӣ˵һֶôô죬ôΣÿһζأûһԥǴˣҲ֪ˣΪʲôͲܸһλᣡ
̩ɫЩû˵ͬʱҲסҪվɵ֡滳鿴ĿԾûвֻƺһȡ
˵һʱͿô滳ʣûлش𣬵϶˵Ц˵һʱͿ˶ãһʱͿ˶ٴλҪҸô˵ҲᣬµһεʱܹжϸòüйӦòҪ㡣ⲻһʱͿѵúͿ
˫ճȭƣ˼˫۱鲼Ѫ˿ʧĿ滳ݡ
ԶԼºԴŮˣʹǷޣȴܾôû߽ģһθǽԼƵøԶҲܿ
ǲ˸ϲˣ滳ûκβǵЦԵøЩ
仰ֻںߣ;ĩ·û˼·ֻŸβܹػϡǺȻĻǵû滳ɵԼ޿صľء
ˡ̩üͷվͬģʲôҪ˵ģûоǩ֡
ǩɣңܲ𡣡滳黹䲻̬ȴһ˿˿ΣյζĻ͸
ûһվģĸֲŮŮͺõ̬ȡһϣجεֻϵıʡ
ǩֵЩ㽺ͰҲ滳ǩ¹Լ֣ʱζ벻һĵ
滳ǩֺùһЭ飬΢΢üЩ˵鷳ſڵһ¥õ㶫֮ȥ֡
û˵ĬĬתߣӱӰȥЩįźվס滳ļ۵˵飬ˡ
վһŮ˵˵˭ϣԼɷһһ⣿˭ҲԸ⿴飬ķˣѡҲ޿ɺǣѺ۵ĻദȥҲǰ֡
ӦΪȻԼѾϴˣ滳Ӧȥԭ뷨ɶ𽥿ʼ
滳ҡͷЦˣ裬û¡ͰҲңȥԺҾͻȥϢ
ع֮ȻԼԶӶһʱ޷ܣгʱԼĻѾ޷
ĺί˵鵽˽½ʼ൱߹˺ܳʱ;ɻ󣬻ΪԼССֵʱѾ˾Ľλ
飬ôһֱûô˵̩˿ڣɫ࣬˶ԼŮĹа
ڡ滳鿴̩ķ˴϶˵ǶλĿʼǶԽ쳹׵ĽҶڡʼʱҪһӣʱҲĲԸټ
Լ֪£ȻͲ֪Լ˶Իһǳ̬ʱı֣Ѿ㹻ˡ
ȥɣȥءȥԺúϢҪذ֮ǰк̩ɫ䣬ֻ˵ͷ
滳ļͷ׸ſȥ
лҪ˵ˣ

ʮ

ʻ, 滳ǰ, ȥ
ȫ, 궼˸ɾ, ͼľ˿̸ԵήҲ񡣳ֵʱһֱ滳̩ȻıӰ, ٴץס
滳˶٣, ֺ̾, Щ, Ѿˣˡ
, ¿ʼôҲٷĴˡ֪Լ᲻, ٱһ˲еȤҪ滳һƽƽ
һǴ̼ôһЩġ
ҲشûҪʳڵ, ˡ滳һ䣬תߡȻ, ΪԼлɳˡ
滳ûлʢϰ, ˽ԼϢͻᱻعȥ, ϰ༸пԭصסžͲͨ޵ĵ绰
飿ɻؽһ
ܽ㣬һ¡滳ɳϣЩǳЦ⡣
˵ֲõԤУ滳ʲôƳһ۳ڵ, ǳһ¡
Ȼ滳ûʧ˵һ䣺ϷƺҰ߼졣
üһʵˣҺӼʱ䴫СϢڶ࣬ڱȽϽӽʵˡ滳ѾԣҪôߵͷԶˣҪôѾˡ
ţոհϢ졣滳ҲֱӱʾԼϢйأұ޾ͿһЩ
֪ˡŵ㣬ҪϾģŪ̫ԡ޴ӦǴӦֵ٩һ䣬滳ЦЦӻ
˵绰ް˹
ܵôˣɻʡ
쿪ʼùˣθۡްѡθۡ˵úأҧＷģԴص㡣
ûθ۰ܵҪҷżҲɶ˰ɣЩƺһˣֲץס˿ͷ
ңϴٵλζЦѸԳһƬעһ㣬ⲿϷ̫˹עˣŲҪٵڳݣء
֪ܹأ֣صͷʾԼס
滳̫עĿ̸ĵڡعԼǣֹԼָܵ𣬿»ý嶥ҵѹɢҥԡϾɵĺǷ츲صģ㹻ðһԡ
˵飬Ҳ֪滳ûаãûΪżҪؼңƫƫһߵɢ˽ĳ
ͣó֮Ѿĵţӿ˽ŲԿ׿ÿ滳ӷͷ
飡
æ߽Զ׼Ĺģ컹˳ôûΪ㣿ô˵ĵľִֹ̫Ըǩ֣֮˺滳顣
˵𼱡滳ëֱϣѴæ֮ǰķ˿ã߱ݸһЦ˳ûгκ⡣Ҽǩ֣Ұ趼ڣʲôġ
ҲᵣģôãǷݼ̫ԡΪ²һЩʱ
ǾͺãǾͺáһظ˼Σóһ滳ʱëûԡųڴأҲȻ˹ȥ
еԷô滳סԼ֣Цһ
ˣǻе˵һЩֵܵ˵쿪ʼϢͳŽҶļ
޾ǹģһ¹ӣֲ˵ʲôҪؼ滳ģӲǱϵڲŻ
滳Ȼһ½ȸϲϣѰʱ䲢ҸͳϷˣԼá̫ʱˣʱϽȡ
뵽һߵ˵ҪҲŶԣҪߣܵôġͶůůطʡ
滳쳣ĺã仰ֵ÷ǳԣôȻ滳ƽʱȻı־ͳ˶Уֻʱڡ
ǸܵõģͬʱҲﰵ룬ӵ滳飬ֻԼܼõõ
ôһ룬§ס滳ȨջԼߣ滳й֮޲˵ҺԽԽˣﻹзôûеĻ͡滳ϵᰴѹĺﾡǽЦ⡣
˲Էʲô٩һѵ滳鱻仰һ͸µ޻˵װ򶨵վУȥȣȵȡ˵ת˷䡣
ֻǷĶͱ߲׽ЦЦ
һߵֻ滳鱳æµʲôƮŲȵζ滳ĳʵ㲻رãǺ³ԵʣӣҲǰ滳赽һز
ЬŲᣬϢס滳°͸ļͷĥ䣬㡣
ĲӺܽϵȷ˵ζ滳ֱ治˵ľ˻ǲˡ
뱧ţȵѲ˶ʢϵӣųʵ㻹ԲԷˣ
ԣôԣЦеذ滳תһʱȥĶ䣬Ȼ΢΢ź졣
滳麦ߵʱһ㶼ûʲôʾֻʵֻҪĶתΪ۵ɫ󣬾֪ʵĸܡ
飬ӽˣǲһˣǲǣ۾貵⣬һ㲻ȷ
滳ദر֮ĸһָ֮ܵǾʹûֱ⡣ʹǶ֪໥ϲ滳Ļڵ£׽ҲδϹ⡣
滳˼ɵİȫ˼ɵ滳Ĺ˼ɡ
ǡ滳ᣬһˣסһ𣬳һ˯һ·һЬҲһ𣬺òã
ϲĳһҪӵеοϲһأ
ʱ򲻻ܵ滳̫ҵı滳ΪֳμšǷõ滳ĺãֻȷϣ滳ڡ
áֻҪڣôáѾôˣֻĻ滳˵뻹Ǿøá
߰ɣȳԷٲԴθˡ滳ƳԼ̽˴
绰޵ʱһ뷨뷨ҲΪʲôҪްϷŵԭ
˿ӣ滳̽˵룬ҪҪȥ
ɻŷʡ
֮ǰ˵ҪȥģԼסĵطǶʮʱҰ͸ҵĳ񣬲ҲֻȥͶѡ滳˵ŴЦһ£ǸһסǱߣԸô
滳ĳ񣬶ԼסĵطûĸĸɷطӦö滳Ҫסⷭɵ˼ֻ¶˫Цгһ졣
ء洫һմԳһ
ʲôʱԣǱס˾ͻס˾͹ȥǶһô滳һ˵
ЦݸŴ࣬ϲģӦðǶһ𡭡
ظһ仰滳һȻ˴ǣֹȥıӡ
лҪ˵ϰһɫޱطסطźΪơ

ʮ

ɫ͸ķ϶, ϵط˸, ֱûסԤе, ΢΢, ǡһȴʧϽŮ
ӼǸһϣô𸴡
⼸ҪҴ绰, ľ͵ȵһع˾˵
滳ǳ᲻ءͷ쵽һ, ˯ǰһΪӯ˯, ˳˱ᱡ˿ذ, 䵭Ϣֳг޿޵š
밵룬Լûа취ȥ滳ƺÿһõĴﶼ, ûһܹ׵ش
˵绰, 滳תͷóӿԼ룬صϿڴͷͷʵҳô
û, Լѵġڴ绰ЦЦֱס滳, ˯һ, òϢôʲô
ÿǶһ˯, ÿ滳磬ʵڻ滳˯δ̫Щ˯˵ӲΣҲܺá
š滳ûƽ˹, 滳ʶ§ĬԼĲ䡣
飬ӼǱʲô鷳ôղ绰𡣡뻹ʳڡ֪滳鶼ܽ滳ߣ滳ϰߣʲô˵Լһ˲
Ҳ˵鷳滳ȻҲǸã۾ѾһƬֻϿӼҵϾӼҼ̳ˣƹŹ˾ʢӼԾɱƵһ˻ӽҡ
һ仰ʵʮҸоã滳˵ûа㲻ԡ滳ʱҲǣôô򷢵ĻͲôˡ
ѾӼӣ֪˼Լȥ˺档ӵ̧ͷ滳Цݡ
ıӣ̾ҺŦڽˣζȫ϶ʼǺġ
鷽ֻһɶѣһʱ滳ӼҲôʺĳһǰķ޹ϵȿӼҡ
ˡĶС˵
ⱾҪ¡㣬Ƕʱίˡ滳ͷѹͣ˽ӵϢůģֱů˵󲻻ˡ
˵Ҫ˯ģô˵ˣһҧգϧţң˯һ
˳˼滳ӽ˽˫ۣҲ֮סֱ˯磬գ滳鲻òóˡ
滳ʮʱ̩ѭϲãԾɫƵĹ⻪ԷΪ˶
⴦ķǡǡ滳ӵĵۺɽׯ෴ۺܹݵλĸߵݻΪ⻪ԷԵ͵Ϊ䲻ݳΪĿ⣬ȴľߴҷ緶
Աۺɽׯϲ⻪Էķ֪⴦ȴٹתһ룬Ƿǳ滳ʡ
Ķ࣬ҲһЩƷ滳Ȼᰲ׵
ƽʱȻҲд⼸ⶼټһ飬ܾò̫ˡ滳߽ĴɨһȦŷ
ôķӣôˣʡ
㻹˭滳鵭һ䡣
ЦˣߵشϷһҫ۹⻪㿴ⶰӾкü㣬滹г⣬С԰Ӿأ򳡡ôĵطҪ˴źá
һţһ߶ʮĳ񣬹Ȼͬ죬ʮʱʵѧŶԡ
ûͦϸ滳Ҳ߹ȥ°̧̧ʾԶľ͵˶סǱߣÿ춼԰רŵĹţӾˮ˹̶ʱỻطô
һüĳ֣ݳޡ
طôѹˣ֮ǰסĵۺɽׯǷΪάﲼõݻķѵʽӦøΪӴ
滳鱾ã˿ôһ˵Цݴû취Ǯ
һҪЦʵѾ΢سæ˰ؿѹסаһֻס滳ʵ·ôһ߲ô죿
Ǻˣǿ滳ģش··ߣһۣǱǳ
ţأ
ϵ¥滳濪ʼ𣺡Ǽղضģм鷿ǰǵķ䡣˵ű㿪ţ¹ԡ
滳ķɫɫȴҲ޵ɫӳﲻĿǳ
벻˵滳ʣʱ䳤ǲˣҪҪ˯һﵽҪʱ䣬һ·ϹЩƣҲġ
ۣҪҲŶԡĿƻϡ滳ʣ͵Ŀпƣ롣
ǵǴһٶ๫ĳԼĵһҲûпһ˿⡣Ǹʱ滳һƽʱҪ磬ܸ̫𲻾þ͸ϵڵĵط⻪ԷȻȽԶô˵ҲǼʮܵġ
һá滳鲻ÿɷ񣬡ʲôˣһͰɡ
šӦһ
ʱ仹һӣ滳ȥ鷿һЩͨʼĹͳʱ˹䡣
¥滳Ѿ˵¥ݿڵһ߻м䣬Ų˹ȥȻ滳˵òϸ˵˸ţһߵķ滳ûһ䡣
Ҳֻǿշѡû̫ϣ¥һȦ
滳˵ĿζģҲסü꣬ļҾƵĲۣȻ
ϣ滳һ绰Ҵȥ鷿صʱһɫ˯شԵȻſǳ˲ӣԼ·ԡҡ
ش˴Լƿķ϶紵ϣЩ˯Ҳ֪滳ʲôʱϴģֻǰһشķ϶㱻Ҳ
룬ȥ˯Ҫġ滳ȱߣȥ§
š뱾Ժģֻ֪վ滳ߣ۾һй˹ǣµͬʱס滳Լ
顭ૣʲôģôʱ״ЦԲʶֿⱣ־΢Цͬ߷ֽᣬ˲ԾҪǨ
ǣǾǡ滳ϸΨִڵ컡üչƺһȴɫ͵ɴ
ЦøˣŬգգ̧ۣȥ滳
ǵڵһμ֮ǰ滳֣̽ȦһĥĹ⣬ҫ۶Ŀȴ޷
ĿƳɫͻоһңԸң޲ʧϡϲ֮ǰҾȻûĿܣô˳Űŵ滳飬ôԼĻ
滳û¶κβã֪һǵʱŴӿԼԭḧֱ˵ţȻأ
Ȼ󰡡Ƶ˵Ұ滳̫СˣԼĻҲƾԲǣʹûҲ裬㣬˶ΪáһҾúܰġ
滳鿴ʲôҪůȴһ˿ۡ
ǹĴǳֹҪԼö˵ûзҲҪ÷ǳĮֻ˴֡Ҳ˽ʱԼ飬һ𡣡
벻֪ϲԼǷԣֻ滳ٴα׵黰ָظüۣͣĴ
ϾദһЩʱ벻ҪѹԼ룬ûйԥסĴ
ûлӦĻжʾԼĵļ¶ֻڻﲻеҲһָܵķʽһ֮δȥĸܡ
飬ٽһ㣬ֻӵͽǡҪǺòãҪҡ۾ǵʹ˫ֹסĲӣĶʣİʾ֮䱾ͻȵϢ
滳ˣ֪ʲô˼ĲȫƲסġŸϵϣɳʾͬڼ¶áûиĻʱҲҪ
ǴĴ£°ͣǣշתʱϸʱ೤̾Ϣɡ
۸δң滳Ķ
лҪ˵ûлҪ˵

ʮ

糿, ѵԭԼֱһָֻ, ָһһ㼷Լָ, ܵһ
˶ʳָ, §˵͵͵ЦЦ, ˣ
ţˡһſھ;ԼĺƵ, ʶʲôԭɵĽ, Ⱦһӣɫ
滳§ڻ, ˳ķţûгױ, ԼüĹߡ
㿴, ܺá滳ָһ䣬סģ۾˵
, ҲôȻЦһɿҪ쳣, תú, 滳ķ֮˿
롭
滳۵׵ϧ, ЦŴȤûôһͶҲš
˵һжȽϸߵĻ⡣滳۽޲˴£Щ
ʱĻȥ֮, ˹ӵߣûбĸˡ
ʲô˯һҳȥ򡣡滳ͷʵһֻè䣬Լš
빴𴽽ǣвʧҵҧһ滳Ĵͳģ˰ι̫ˣֻڴš˵ԭǵôƽʱ䵭ģ濴Ȼڵᱳʹ
룬ô滳ȻһʣеЦ𽥵ȥֱ۹ݵӣһ˫峺һ˲˲ؿ롣
滳۾Ưһۣϲ΢΢۾ЦЦģҲ۷ӸλĶƫƫȻԼô
滳飬Ҳָһ桭壬ϻ䡣ܲˣȥԼ/¶滳ǰѹ滳Ϻݺҧһڣ߳۵ĵһ
̧ͷĿɫᣬ뵽ĶҶûϲ㣬Ը⡣ԸߣԸһ㰮
滳Ķ뻰۵ɫûƿĿ⣬ֻؿ룬սֱ۷˸ѹ·ɷ˵ȥ
ƽʱֻ̲ǣ֮ƺһ˶࣬ѷ֡
滳ѿų̶ȣ𽥷չø֮ǰʱͣЩ٣ذԼĲͷصߡ
Цһᴭ˫ִļƵһΪҪһΡ
廹û滳ҡͷֻǶ䷺ھնЩ糺죬ոЩ
ˣˣܾ¸㿪ЦԿĻҡھ滳ˣڴͷԼ滳ֻĻ֮滳鿴һš
飬ߣΪףຣǵôСá
룬ĺһȥǱߡ滳ֻݸ뿴
ǾȥǺܴæȻҪȥһ˯ɫͬĻһڱϣҲ֪һԼġ
װʱ滳Ҳ֪ôˣֻ϶һζʹ˶ԵȻ֮ǰƾƣʱڶɢһϸµ/ϡ
ҲΪ˸滳鰵ţ޵عһĨЦ
Ȼ滳Գͣջļ£һȥ˸ĳʳġȥ֮滳֣Žһٴͷ͡
С˯Сʱ֮˲ųǰĺԵסųţ滳˳ͣ˳ֻ³ʱоЩ֣ĺĳʲôʱô
飬ôˣ߽סֱۣ˳Ŀ۲ǰһųӡ
Ҿе㲻ԾˣȽȥɡ滳üͷһͬ߳⡣ֻԽ߽Խ֣ƺ
ڸ滳ƵС԰ȥʱջԼ֡
ȻĺԽ˲ֹݵλĸ԰Ժһȱ滳ϸȥҺҲǸĺԽõġ
ĺһתǣæ߹ȥкôôһΪء
ȷʵǲǾʱ̫ˣǧټҶһ㣿滳չü嵭˵ǣ룬ʳָ£ʾⲻõġ
ⲻǺܾûúôοҵȻһЩϲ̨㿴ǱߡĺԲ࿪滳ȥ͵Ϊ˲СģܵҲˡ˵ֻͷգգۣ
飬֮֮СҲǺ⡣Ц滳֣û취ֻĺ˵û
ɣҹСԼ棬˻һ𡣡ĺקס滳ҪȺߣ滳ͷ룬ֻЦףĪرһİҲ˳ĺˡ
ĺԵȷչܵۼȨƵһľѣΪ˲о룬˻һЩˡΪۻᣬʵȴΪ滳ף
ôֻô򵥵ף;ۻѣ滳뼸̸ЦһŰֹװǵЦԳּթ
ܿ۵ȦӣϾˣȻҵͬ⡣Ϊ⣬֪ʲôʱһֹ˾קˡ
˵СΪʲôͻȻ־ۻôŮ᲻ǿ˭Űô˽йڻһŮΪصЦ˵۾ɨһȦܱߵˣЩؾһЩפ̽ࡣ
ǵãŮ˽еᣬһ·Ȳµľ¡ֻ٣Ҳл⡣
ҾҲǣ˭֪С·࣬û׼Ҽ֮еһǿɵСˡһŮһģһζЦݿЦ룬˵ǲǣ
֪ӿڳĵĺҲһϵȴҲأο⼸˳֮ⶼϤǳһЦ˵˭˵׼أĿԴͺá
Ӧ˵û׼ȫˡҲ֣˸ɫ
ᣬ˵ģȥϴּ䡣
Ҳ˵һҲȥ
˾΢Цͬ⣬ĺԱߣطģҲ֪ϴּľ巽λ
ٵĵط۱㲻мص˰ɣС㿴˭СΪĲŰǽġ
ܵģڵЦů࣬תͷۡ
С޽㣬Ȼ޽ҵġ㻹֪ɣ޽㲻ѣСҲʶֺǺǵظţʹ˸ɫܵҲ֪ˣİ㣬һᱣܵġ
뼸뷭һۣμˣҾ֪ܵ϶˽¶ҵͱˡ
㲻Ҳˣ޽ңСˡװӣ޸˵滳뵱´ڵĹ˼ɣҲû벻Լһ֪һΣա
ˣһؾԷ㡣Ҫһ۵Ķͷֻ˸ƣա
˵ġüЦͲ棬˿̼ű˱ʿɶֹˡ
Ϊӯţһ¥ǿŵġ۴С԰ȥϴּ䣬ʱһĨӰֱֱԼ
룬þòݵЦݣ׿ͽ롣
Ťͷһšüͷתͷ˵ۣȥҵС㣬
۴Լ֪Щ飬Ҳҵ飬ݲȵ˵ڣҾԼȥˣһǵùҡ
ͬ⣬ȻĿ߽ϡ
лҪ˵߻ûлҪ˵

ʮһ

Բ, ɫƽ, ЦݸЩ, ô˵ûʲô˵ô
Ȼûг׻ָյķ, Ͼʮʮĸ湫ӣЩƽ
뵭˿, ķ򣬡Ҹ֮Ӧûʲô˵, ûнǢ, ˽Ҳûйͬ, ȻûͨĻ⡣
ɲô˵Ȼľܾߵø, мְʾζ˵㵱ӦҵԭΪѾ, ôӦ֪ˡ
֮ѾˣΪС⡣
, Ҫ̫ԼˡǳһЦһ, Ҳϲ, Լʹ, Ҳ޹ء
ԭΪ滳֮ڸģû뵽ôִԼĴж
ˣ˵Щ滰ҲЦֻЦЩͷ, ˳ԼᣬҪǮǱʲôҶ㣬Ҷ㻹Ȥִ֪硣
ĲȦмܶԽǮȨر׾ܱѹȵ׵ŮˡǲģֻǸĲѡ뵽۾Ҳˡ
˵˭ִ֪磿
һŮɫһмֲɡĺԵ磬û仰Ĺ滳ˡ
ĺߵߣһƷ˿Լһ£ЦЦôҵС˼滹Ȣ
˼ӣæȰ˵滳һ֮Ҳδۿֻ޵鱻ô˵Ǽ
ĺԣ黹ҪҶ˵ôҸ⻰е㲻ԡƤЦⲻЦ˵ʲôСġ
ĺȻ·磬һת΢뵲Ц˼ӦҲҼǵǻػ飬ѲǴÿĳ֮ҵСã
һ飬ֳһĺԵ·ֻǲ˴ǹսһ˿΢ĸ߸Ьڲ߽
ôڵŮйϵģֻҪԭң̾ͿԶˡԼ뷨ڱʾԼˣִҲֹֻԸŮϵҪȢ
ƫƫõĲ滳ƽ𣺡ĺԣʲô
ﲻסЦæ˿һЩֱ滳顣
ͷĵװæͷȥͣ飬ղڸĺԿЦʲôǧϡ֪ĺôˣ֪ʲôŰ滳һйող滳Ǿ仰ʱ䣬һѾԼ˵Ļ
ʲô뷨޹أѾûйϵˡ滳鶼ûٰڳһ֣ΪͬһʵڲֵοѾһ۶Ըˡ
ǵһμ滳䵭ض涼ǽһ
ô滳ߣĺȴˣƵ飬ǰղźСúȤأ˵ֻҪӦͺͶͷô
滳鲻ΪȻ߽赭дҸѾֿˣ⵱ȻнҪҡ
ĺҪһ⣬滳ֳϵؽһ䣺Сأ
滳Ҫ룿ȥ滳۵״һ˿΢ؿԼ
˵ЦˣҪңҸϲܡ۾΢΢һУЦ⡣
滳龹һ֮ģǵЦҲЩֵǰȻˣһ𣿡
֮滳֣һ۶ٿ滳ĽŲ뿪
ĺԱһӵЦĿɿڴļ򣬡ˡ
첽ǰˣ˵ĹսǣŽס˵ûһ׵˵ĻһںԼߡ
滳黵ĺԡһֻĻ滳ǵ湴/㰥֪ĻΪҪˣԼôùϣǰһ仰͵ˡ
ĺԣ湻ô滳鵭һЦɨһ۷·һ
ĺæʹɫ
û뵽Ҫô˵滳ȴǳ˻⣺ҪȻȥˣղŹ߷һ£и뷨ȹ˵ǰ棬Թȥˡ
˵ĺԾͻ𼱻ǵܵˣ滳һͷǣʹЩ㣬Ժ󿴵ʲôùܣ̵ͷߡ˵ôҲʲôӴ
֪ˣҸղֻǸϴּʱԺ󿴵һƿȻƴӣֻڸղ£¿»ľ壬ŴԼľܾ
ô滳ȻԺ͵ͷߣӸղźȥĴײ١
߰ɣؼҡ滳鶯˶۵֣˵С·ȥ⡣
ĺԼҴȥȺƫɹ߷ֲϲɫ·˲ѰʱĹ߷һƣߵĳ̰ױµͷӳţпŮۡ
ٱȸƾվһҪ۵ö̰࣬Ǹ˾ӣΪɣȦǳġĺԶԳ̰û̫ӡ󣬵߷׽һ˿ŭ˵ķȥ
ܸҹϵȻ֮꣬Ļֱӽҵ̰֡۴Ц⣬ټķǷ˶ɢϢ
߷һĸ߽űǰһЩѣǵȻԡǿˡѡ֣ܲҪᡣ
ĺԸ߽˴һĶԻֻϻñЦݣ̰кܴݹ٣Ҹղе飬ʧԶӭˡ
̰תͷĺԣûһĿ⽫ĺŮ˷ӣԾɴЦ⣬ҵСıͶ࣬˲Ҳ޿ɺǣܹѾˡ
ĺ԰룬ǻ˵˹ƲҪŮˣŮ˾ͻԶˡĺȴҲֱóȻԼ̬ºͣɶԹ߷ֶһ˿뷨򲻻Ҫ߷׽
뵽üܣСе飬֪ܲʱߣڳ̰ǰԼ߷Ľ飬ҲὫ߷㹰ˡ
Ȼƺó̰һ˲㶣ѸԼ׵ȻԣС㲻ֱ߷㣿
ĺĿŲĬĹ߷㣬߱Ǹس̰ЦЦ˵ȻС£ǳҾʧˡǰ뿪̰ߡֻΪó̰׼˺ӡ
ߵƫƧ䣬߷ʣʲô
֪ҪʲôȻôٵĵطĺƺĹ⣬߷֮
߷һʱԣ˵Ҳ֪ǲ֪ĺԵͼҲзֺ
ĺЦһҲգֻ˵㻹˰̰׶˼㲻һ𣬳̰ҲһѡܹǱƾҪá
Ź߷飬߷üһ壬ɫԵ䵭ࡣ
Ϊ˭ҵĸô˵ҵŪˣ˭һ͸˭һ𣿡߷գĺԵԼǰƾƴӦȥԼᣬ˵ԼкøУ˵̰Ҳװеʲô
߷ķӦĺ»/Цݣ߷°ͣһһ˵һû˵ءֻ˵̰ײǲҾԸ⿴ȥΪ˵ҶкøǿЦô
˵ţŲҲһһƽʹù߷ΪĻˣֱӲǽ۵ֻԥһ˲䣬ȹ߷㷴Ӧֱֱ˹ȥŮ˵Ĵ˸߷ĴȴҪˡ
ǳ˱̽봽ݼ䣬һʱù߷ĲסһƿĺԣǳɫĴ˱۵ɫ󣬺΢٣ĺԣʲô
ܲôұʶκһ˶㣬ҲνѸɡĺԿѹ߷УͳĻеķ֮ƾÿ춼ϵңʲôʱϴҽ˺ܶΨûҲΪ㲻ˡ
߷һ㱣ӲԼͬ˽ĺԣҲӲκսľĺŴζȰ˵δӴŮ˵壬ĺٴ
ĺԣһһٸһЩʱ䡣˼߷ǿ˫ֵסĺԵļͷɫׯء
ָǸƾƵ£Ǹҵ£ĺŵóѵЦĿӭϹ߷㣬׵治ɺӡ
ʵûô߷һ£ڳɹ뿪ĺԵĻһζ֮뿪ˡ
ĺû׷ȥֻЦһҧҧԼ´Ÿղŵ뿪ķ
лҪ˵ƤʼиӷǣƤҲҪʼ

ʮ

ϰһֺ顣߷㵱ϰ˺ƾƵĴ, еĲΪ, ֻһ, ȴΪһһ, ЩӵĶƵطŴ
߷͸ͨ˸绰֪б滳һЩ˽ȫĺԵ, 㰵ϸŽľٴ롣
ǡã滳Ϣְͷ, ǳɹʿݵλ漰Ȧ, ֲôŵһ˵粨һЩǵĲ²⡣ת۴ﵽʮ, ޵ǰߵĺü
߷㻬ƽݣŵ۶ġ
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˧İİİĲʹ𡾲, û.jpg
꣺ܵͷǲǿˡˣ.jpg
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µֵ֧ģԻ, ߷صҳ治˼ʱ, ɳһŲ춯, ˹
ֵúܴ󰡡񺣳̾ڵɳϣ˿ڲ̧֮ͷ߷㣬߷㣬ô
ýȻųƬ, ȻǿѨ磬ֻǸӼ˸ӡ߷㵭Цһǲ֪ӾýģҸġ
ýýӪʽҲõ˸׼ȷ鱨ֻһըҲųҴϾܲΪһλ͡
΢һףӽʱǺܿõģҲûʲôӼ˭֪ͻȻôһӼô󡣡
ҵʿľƷȻⲻܴ˵ԭ򣬿ɱϾǲڼͥѪҺͱˡҡ֣ڽ˼ʽһȸ˲ӡ
߷ü˼ҪҪְ֮ѹɧ߹񺣣˼ȥûпڡ
ֻƽ¶ˣ֣ҽ֮᲻ᷢ飿
˭Ҳ˵׼ʱ˵񺣸еһ˿º͵ĿһĨأƸҲദ˲̵ʱ䣬᲻ᷢӦñȰܸܵõ
ǿõƾƺڵģϾǰƵˣչ黹˷ֺĺ
ҲӻͷȷǴڵģ¾ϲɾʱ顣߷״һ䣬ûйֱףֻӰƾơ
ƾûǰƵ񺣵ӣôһӳ֮£ò룬ǷҪٹ۲һˡ̫ûйע飬ҸȼͷǰŮͽô
꣬񺣳˵עһ¾ƣʲôͻҲиסҲû˵ֱ̫ӣ˼ȴ㹻ù߷׵ġ
˵ˣǳŻ»أٹ۲۲죬˵׻ƾƸӵӡ
õԼҪģ߷ûٶ⡣
طĺȥ˸绰Լ棬˭֪ĺԼҪԼҡ룬ҵгڣĺôҲи޶ȣҲʹӦˡ
ϹȥĺԴTȿӭ߷㡣¶ЩһСףǸոϴ裬¶ŮԵԸ
ĺԣֻһô߷ɨһȦôլûһӶˣɲôš
ҰȥˣӶ˻ȥϢˡϵҲûʲôæģҾʹǶȥˡĺʼ˵
߷㾲Ȼ££ףúô·ϡ޳ָ°ڽڹ˼ӡ
ĺˣԼϴ֮Ȼôôڹ߷뷨֪
ʲôֻң뿴Ϳˡĺ΢ͷĹ߷شһڵֱ㽩Ӳ
߷۾ѵ¶һ˿ͱӲ棬ջ֣˵еҲУûʲôÿġ
ȻʶԼĺԸϵĲͬЩĶĺԲأԴΪ֡ʵ㲻ʲôص⣬ĲǱأĺҲô
Ϊ뷨ݺݵؼһ£ϵŭߣĺæ¥ȥҷģվʲô
ĺȻûܲ߷Ĳԣ˷ףֻһTǶŮˣָ߷⣬αؾ
뷨ǡǡ߷ıضΪԼʾ˰Ľ֮ĹϵһΡĻ֮˷߷㲻òʧ䣬ѵͷܹΪˣ
ĺԣĲңҲô¹ڲ־䶼ô߷㻹Ͳס﷭ĶңĿĺϡ
òĺܹ󲿷ˣԼһŮ˶ܹġ
ĺԷǵûס˹߷һƵú˵ǽߡϷʵЦţڵңǱҳֻ
㡭ûУ߷ûܹɫǰ»ң˫ֱܵƾĺԣΪǵۡ
СӣԭġĺԺȻɫɫƽʱûе࣬Ǹܶ˽ҲҲϲȥֻ֮顣Ҷ㲻Ϊϲ㣬ҶԴ
߷˫ͣԺЩ磬ֻĺԲЦ۾˿Ʋסȥε۾
չǸԼĹһڵʵʵشԼЩǸٹѪҺġ
ƾƵıһģҪԼ˵̫СԼ۾ҿõ߷Ļɢת
ƾƣҸ㻹ôĺͷһʧӣ˵껰Ц
Ƿ⧲߷㻹ûӦʱǰͰĺԷŴ˵ߣǺĵ˫΢΢Գֹ˵
ڱǰȴΪˣǵǿ򾲵
ȶڼĦڣ߷㱻Ĵ˷Ӧ˵ǻӦΪ
סĺ欵ǽߵǰһĺԱƽߣĺԵNѴضվȣʶı߷㵹
ཻĴֿ˲ڴϣĺԵǳǳɫɣͬĹ߷㣬һЦСӣƾƽǵʱҽʱôôô
߷㵭Ƴһۣû˵𰸵ȻûУǵûУųƾȣĺ㶼ûƾϸܵ
֪ûСĺִϣĻŰʾԵ·еĻҲûҪҸˣģ㹻һĲ
ĺԿ÷ƾĲڹ߷ϣ߷㲻̰Ҳмӡ
ûʶԼҲûпɢƾƲĵԭ
ĺԣҲƾƣܲ鵽Ķҷ߷۾Ȼûû
ղŵǾĺʳľһ㣬Լûа취ȥֿĺԣûֿܵ䡣
Ƿֿ֮ͻһôĺԵ˲ϸʣָҲżָ졣
壬꣬ڹ߷ܸоĺ˵仰ʱԼͷȻһëţץĺֻ֣ĺԣҺۣȥˡ
ңûԸҹһͺáĺ˽ĻͷĲϢСӣǲСö磿ôȵؽ֣ûйҡ
˱еԴͷĺԸܵõ߷ĶȻҲõķ
ΣĺΪ߷㲻⣬ȴ̾߷ڻĺԿס֣ĺԻʧʱס塣
߷ûңĺ뿪ʱԸоԼһĨ¶̣ڴȴȻ֪롣
лҪ˵һ΢ID΢˼λԼλߵͬӵģлǵ2333

ʮ

˵һԼͶϵǴŵԿ, ôദÿһ˲𽥽ķĵΡ
滳ͬһЩָ֮˹, 滳ϰʱǺϵ, ˶ǻΪжķϹˡڹżôһ, Եøڴ
ȻһֱϷݵʱԺԼ˻ʲôʵЧɵ۵ʱ, ʶĬ滳Ĭ滳֡
ѵˮǳ, 뾱۵˫ֱīɫĳڵ, һ䣺๫, ôˣɬڴȴɻԳŮİǰ˲ʡ
Ǳ, ȫǶԼΪû, hͻϷѾˡ§ס۵֣վϷ̨ϲ֪롣
๫, ֻϷôۻ߽Ǳ, 㲻ǰ, Ҳݼ, Ǵ˿̲ϷСģûаҶô
봹סָֻ΢΢ҡҲ֪
ͷһʾ⣺Cut
ԱǸ, ̷ղǸǳɢѽˣɫôôƸУҪңӵĻߺߡʹ˸ɫҪӲӡ
һŮ٩ôģҪ㣬㻹ܰǿ£˵˼Ц
ҲǸԼ͵ŮߵСͲ֪˰ɣð԰ɣǹһЩеûģʱҪǿӲһ㣬ư͵ģ
ԼţС±Ц󣬹ȻһŶ䵹ߣ߱߰ˣܵܵקҶ䣡ܵҴˡ
ղǱΪСµŮ̿ҲŴЦϵľʹøպã۸о̫ʹԹԵظߡ
šһȪˮƿĸӣŴЦ˵ۣˣ
첻Ϸߣһ֣籾һͲ״۵Ķͷ
ͷ籾ϵһ̨ʣɫΣһҪŨһЩΪҪhģԴǶҪſһ㡭
޻û˵꣬۱ӵޣ֪һϷҵʲôһ㣬룬촽΢ţһܻӭӣͽˡ
һڿȪˮڣ˺üְ̧˰ڣѵǼʵǲ֪ÿﵽô·ӣҲھڣÿҲЦ
˵ûȷǡԡⲿϷܵϷݡh׿жױΪʼhʶԼ׿诵ûӱܣǷչΪĽӴ
ǳ֮뽫ִϷϣһ˲侵ͷɽԶʵķʽⳡ㡣
ĴָֻĻװŮ໥ŶԷǵò˾ޣǵѾõСԥã˷ͣĻϷʾ滳֡
֮Ҫȥȡؼңɢû磬û׼÷滳Żصҡ
ߵԼĳһ˴ӳ복֮ķ϶߳ΣϤĸ߸ЬϦ·ڷҫ͵Ĺâ
ʹûκģɢҲһϳ˶Լ˵̫ر¿Ҳܹ׼ȷϵ
飡۾ϸſǰЦЦǰȥһ˵װŭͻȻʲôһΪ˭ءҺԼԷһؾͰĪǲˡ
滳Цݣһ׽סҸĲǾϲǾšȻˡһֻֻʾ޷Ƭֻˣֻȡһ
æֱסߵ͵͵Ҫ۸ҡʮĽɫ滳鱾Ͳ֣˳𴽽ǡ
۸۸ˣƺ󡣡ıӣﷺ͵ûʲô飬ǰ°ˡҵĳȥɣƬ
ɫش֮ȻһЦܸҵ˾
滳ǣֱ߱ϷʵôǾҲˡ
㵱˾Ƚ϶࣬Ƚ϶أⲻͲԳˣ
˵˵ЦЦϳ뿪볣ȥǼҳʻȥ
Ϊɫ㲻Ϊ˲˱ϳһīټ滳žͲͨ˵ߣϸֱӵûм
һڳϣֻҪ滳鶯֣ҲֻǴֵķݡڻ˼Ҫʲôʱ滳Źﳵغߡ
룬ôˣһܷҪʲôӡ滳߽һ㣬оīµĿƺܾᡣ
뵹ǷǳʲôֻЩΪڳĻдīеĲ뵽ܾûлӢԷˡ
ת˸滳֣ƲƲ죬飬ȥ裬ʱһֱҲûлȥһȥòã
һθӢ滳ֱŤ滳ȥؼһˣ֮ûлȥΪǱʶŰ滳һȥ
滳ŲЩֻûϻشĵڣһʵںе㣿ô
ܽΧûˣȻʶػͷȥһӵһ۵ãתΪ鵭Į
ǰߴǻͷЦøǲãߵǰ㣬С㻹ǵôЦݾδڱιһ㣬ļ¡
滳֮͵üͷ˽յ֣ĿǹУȴվû˵ʲô
Ҽǵáժī΢īϳˣûʲô𡣡
Ȼǵкӣͬĸĵܵܣ϶ͬһ˵ѪǵԼĸױƲ뿪ҵɣûһеĿǳᷢ
ΪҸͬѧΪʲôҵĳѧΪĳߵҹԼĸװԴᣬҲΪôһ˷롣
ƽĮȻӿ˻һ̾ͻˣĹ˵ĴӲĻȣϵ¶ҲȻ
룬˵ҪذǱ߳ԷôٲǾҪˡ
һɤȴǿƵطȥͷĳһ滳˫ǻ˵۾εԼ
ԭôһˣҪֻһİ
㣬Բ֪㲻ң̲סӷΣܵõԼĳֶ𺳡ôûмֻӫϸĳɳ̲סǹɳ嶯
û¡Цһ£ϸ㳤ˣСʱȫһˡǼӷģӢ뿪ҵһ죬кԶϯҵıϡ
ӷ˼ЦЦֻС˵㣬ҿҪĺôҲᾭġʵȫͨȥõĺ룬룬Լ
ԭΪ벻ܣֻԥһ£ͽӹֻԼĺ롣˷ܵһ䡰лл㡱ĵлУЦЦī滳־ֱ뿪
ȥͣ滳סժīɻе˵̴绰˵ڹȥѾˣæˡ
ղŲûдӦôΪֻǡǵøղ滳ûдӦ飬ӷǰ˵ҪȥҲΪҪԼʱ̬
滳򴽽ǣ񣬡ûϴӦΪ룬ȥ֮Ҫƽʱһ㣬Ҫһ㡣ڵȻȥɣаڿһ㣬Ҳʱ˼ˡ
Ǹ޹ģĴȴӵԭȼͥķѡ滳ûȥ˵ʲôֻܾܵذٳڹȥ
βȵ¶ȣǱصᷭӿķס滳飬˵飬á
лҪ˵ܵ

ʮ

ȥӢ, Ѿ׼Щҳˡ滳һͬŲٶ, ³, æµ
, ֮ǰؼҵķУҪʱͻȻ, ҳûߡ滳ǴֱŤæ³ûߵķеݸӢ, , ȫ˵Ǽٻ
аѷʱϣ˲, ֻӢ
ãšȥ⼸, һͺáӢ滳, תֻȥ˳
һӾ滳ɤӣһŤͷһ䣺ġ
ţ, 滳Ĵգϸʣ, ôǲĴܾ滳ƺʼЩСŮ˵ˡ
ϲһܳ־, ʱ֪塯ʲôо, ֻ֪ϲ߲ϲҪ߲Ҫô滳鲻̫ͨϲĻֻԼҪȥһ£ķʽ
Һϲشġ۾תת˵ñĻشҪʵö, Ҳ滳顣
Ȼ滳ô˵ˣȥ˳ӢæдӢ滳̸滳ѧʱڣҲ׵Ȥ¡
˶ǳĬûҵ¡
Ҫȥϴ룬Ӣ˼ˮ滳ڿʱĻ⡣
ʱôæʱ绰ȥϼ䡣ǰȥҪôǲӣºŴҪôżæ˵͹ˡӢͷƻȻŹƤһȦһȦص¨
ҲⲿϷԤɱʱ仹ܳ㣬ԵҪҲûôɡ滳鵱Ȼ֪ΪʲôȽУֻܸӢʵ飬Ҳ֪ǷӢ֪
ƻڿţӢһСڹһ̧ۿһ滳飬ֹ
滳״Ƭʵ̣ʲô˵ô
Ӣһ㶣̧ƺ͸滳ң֪ĵȴֻǷˮ˵ҿʱı飬ֵúܴ󡣡
Լ飬滳ΪעĿԼͨͥŮˣ滳ȴŵԣӵŮĶ˻飬ҲԾֻĹ⡣
ǿԤϵģϾô˫۾ڿţҲԼĻ״
滳üӢѾֻ֪ǵҽʱ˵һ˾ôˡһʵǿԤģݸܳõء
ֻӢҲûбֳʲô滳ĵ̬ȣֻЩ˸е˵Ҫϵöࡣҵһ֪İְһãΪͥʼûӹ
滳һʱԣü両һƸӵɫӢߡԼôһƾڣܹĵ׶й
ϿļͥʵѾൽڲһűϸʴĴ֦ҶïҲ㲻̮һ졣˵ЩȻˣôȥü̵ԹѾΪһ̣С
̡滳˵ʲôмɫ
ӢȻЦЦ΢΢ҡͷʾý⣬ң˵ô࣬ʱ䱾ͱƽʱЩѾôˣȥˡ
ʱôӳ˦˦մˮ֣ǽϵĹӣѾŵˡʱ߻ȥҲҪʮһҲܵ⻪Է
̫ˣȥһ˻Ҫöʱ䡭һ䣬ЩգôĵôȻأ
ҪԲϰࡣ滳Ҳżҹģոսʢʱ;Ӱൽϡ
ûӢ˵ɣҵķ϶ܸɾƤس滳գգۡ
Ȼã»鲻ϰӢҲ滳飬ǲ顣
滳ĸŮ˶ԼֻõͷӦǾʹŰˡ
Ǻãˮк˷ǱߣǳϢӢ˽֮˷䡣
̵滳صԼֻԼ·һԼ˯³ֽһȫµ˯ȹ滳顣
滳ϴĹԼĴһͷ˯ȥӢǱߵԡϴ裬ʱ滳Ѿڴͷˡ
űͣ£Ŀ⾼ȥܾ滳鳤ĺڷɢڱʱһֱķ飬ҹƽǰĸ߹ݲͬȼʹ˿һӷŴ౶ȥ
רעҵĿ滳ע⣬Ťͷȥȥ룬
Ϸţ߹ȥû־ͱס˳˴أһ͸оϳ
飬ôˣҲϴôŤͷ˲ԼͷһߣܵԼĺ󾱣ȵĺԼļ鷢
滳ȻһЦƹȴ˴ǹ⣬ϴ㡣
ЦˣϴӵסЦüۣϷһ䣺˼û˯ôͨܣҲ˵ʱ
ûҲ˯š滳˵о˽ס壬ֻǻδ̵ظ仰Ķߣֻǻ˯ȣҲ䣬Ҳоܿգʵ
ۿһԤ׵ػ£һ滳ϸ޵ĺΣһ˿⣺˯Ȼô˯˯Ű
滳ЦˣǻƵţشķ䣬ȻС˵Ǽ£ô
ֻԼˣٶһĽᡣҲǸ޷⿪һ֣滳鲻Ը⿴ġ
ҵĵܵܣҸ˵ģҰҪؼҵǸӡ˵֪Щϣ޹ġɿһҰΪЭЭûа취ȥȰԼ
ܶǶ֪еĵֻ޷ȥ׽룬֪ӷ޹ģȴ޷Ӻƽദ
滳Ļ꣬ȡ滳ůȡ䡣
飬뿪죬᲻Ұ֣ܻȥҪٿŻһڰ·׷ǣҿֻӭһİŮ˺Ǹӣӭ߽ҺסǶӡ
ԽԽͣҲԽ˻ơ滳ƺͨ뵽ǸʱŰ룬Ǹʱû֣ûй˼еֻںͯ棬ΪĶޣҲΪһ㰲οչ¶Ц
롣滳ͷ̧ۣͨȴ̺ľƽ͵ÿһķԼԴͷûа취̽һ㡣
һ㲻ܷϣ뿪֮ǰĸ۰ģ̶֮İǲʱٹһ֣õİӲϣֻҪ֪һ͹ˡ
Ϊһ˺ϲˣ滳齫ؾõ߲Ρܿģͻõáȥûа취ȥף滳֪ԼĻкܶࡣ
ˣȴ̻ȣ˵飬Ҵ˵ģٴӰ֮ҾͲپҵġҺȻãҰЩ˶һǻ㡭
֮ڵ׼ͥǲң̤ȦŴѹҲǲң׸ǲҡеĲҶֹ滳һ߽ŵһ̡
˵Ҳҵˡ滳Ц§ȥϨ˵ơ
Ŵһ¹⣬뿴ڵĿ۵׸̵ǵҲȲѡ
ме־ջ˵ĳƮ滳Ķߡ
лҪ˵֮еһ̸֪ӦûС
оǶıΪ90%

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˯úܳ, , ûεŵһ졣ֻεһ, һ滳ļҡ
ÿһƶ, ǶϲļԼŷ񡣶ÿǷ⣬Ƿͷʢ, ǻһֻٻɫèһֻֻèüСĦҮ
ÿ滳°һͬؼҵʱǻһͬԶܹ, ˫˫˽ǻ·ڸ, ӭؼҡ
顭Ժؽ, ˫ʶ§滳ı
滳գͷ, ЦģǻԴԼ, 滳ŴЦͷ̫ɹƨˡ
ţʹ۾̧ͷӷ϶￴ǰԲļͷ, һǳɫӡ˲ѹ, ϸƬơ
滳鵹ƳһԼļͷ֮ЦЦؿ, ʼ, ôڲź߿ˡѾһҹӡɼ֪˶
ȻҲһ㣬ḧӡܱߣΣôԲ, ̫ˡӡ˯һϻȥйʽһҧ滳ҪӡǺһʱ䡣
뵽۱ڱ滳ɬչȥǳǳһ¡
᲻һ㣿滳ı䣬üۼɶҡ
ܺһ㡣滳ɴס˿˳ɻ˱
ߴ滳龱ԽĹ߱Ե÷ˬ谵ĹʾɫˡȻ뵽Լûǰ˵һǿ滳ӣ߲ˡ
롭滳Ҫγˮһƽͣĺḧ
ţ
ҸղŽӵһҪʼҪȥһʱ䣬Ļһܻ֮滳뻹ȫ˵˳ܹԶ̽Ҳʱš
ʲôʱߣҪ侲ö࣬ûг뽿ӣղŻΪὫԸϡ
ϣһĺһȥ滳ͷ˲Ķͷʵûʲô˵ô
ִܲ٣´֮Ҫطָ벻˵Լжô˽滳飬ܸܵԼ滳˼ֵԴǷȥɣ滳ǲġ
˵ĵȻСһƺڷؿᲦŪ˵ǾǣϿʼҪ˯ˡ
滳΢΢һЦס벻ֵ֣Ϊ˯ðȣ˯ǰǴ绰ȻԼЦ˵Ļװڴߡ
ü૵飬ղ˵ĻҪһܣ죬Ҫã
ĻҪ¡滳üǰѲ¶ˣղ̫ƽƽ֪ΰ
˳ôô߷Ҳܾáͣвӡ
һᾡ촦飬ʱסɡ滳ָüͷϸϸĥţȻʲôҲڵʱ򣬸йصκ˽㶼Ҫȥܽ⡣ʲôúܼ֣ȥܽ㡣
㲻˵Ҳ֪ȻһЦǼһ滳ıǼ⣬̫ǲǸˣ
Լ̫㱩¶滳ǰҲ̫Ͷע滳ϣ滳鲻ѡ
滳鲻ÿɷֻЦǰԲһˡ
ǿɲСĵ΢ȣ˼ָıӹҲǳˣʲôû뵽ܻá
滳ЦãֻðζЦݵѹԼУƽȵɤ͸˿˿Ц⣺˵˵˵ˣ˯һϢһˣȥƬĳȥ
˳ӵرۣҪԼһһܣϸ룬ȻЩӦû滳ˡ
ϾӢǲ̫ٽʱ˱ϴӢԹ緹뿪ˡ
ϾҪĺҲ֪òȥһҹ߷㣬ҵĻ᲻᲻ԸԼҵĻһȥһܵʱ䡣
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ֶȻɥʧжĺԴηηβˣȴÿһйع߷ʱҺһߴθδ
ĺǰ̨ⲽʱ򣬹߷֪˹߷㡣ʱڸļע֪ĺԵĵԥòԼΪһƬ
ǰ̨ȥ˸绰˵Сҵİ칫ҡ
ĺȥİ칫ſڣִųţ߷㵹һڲ輸ϣֱӵŶ˹ιҵİ칫ң
߷·Բžѣš
ʲô߷ɳϣְŪڷŵĲߡ
ϲȲ裬Ҳǵײ˭ˣֻżд˵ʱһ衣ľٶֻθĺһʱĲȻٴοܻ޷Կصǡ
СӣҺҪȥأҪȥܾáĺûи׼ȷʱ䣬˽Ҫ߷᲻ᶣԼʲôֻ᲻᲻Լ
ûգ߷ŪŲߵ΢΢ͣһ£֮ʣܾǶãô
ĺߣסҪ˼׼֣ϲ̵˵㲻ȥǲǣ
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ĺԵĴָᰴģ֮Աɣֻǳѣһܻ߰¾ܻˡСӣҵĶԲԣ
ֻŸˣȫûʶ߷աΪҪڲټû뵽ֻǶʱĳǵԼ¶ܲգ
߷Լֳ鿪šüĺԣû˸߹㣬ƭĳɾǲʵġô֪ĺԻһ¶ʵǶ룬ֶĺ
ĺ԰㲻⣬§ס߷㣬˭㲻ʵ˵ʲô˵ôΪʲôҪţⲻҲƭôͲˣ߷ϲģһ±Լչ˵ģ
ԭڹ߷ת۱ᵽĺǱߡƫƫ߷ûа취ȥĺԣǳ鷽ģֻʵš
ĺԵ޹̾˿ƾƵ鶼鵽ʲôزˣ
ڽУ𼱡ĺߴ˿˶һ£ֻĺһֵ˳
߷ŤͷĺаЦǻоӿͷعעࡣ
ƾƵ۵㣬ĸҲĬֵƾơ֮ǰĸĸƼҶϻƾƽΪʱѾڿʼܣͬĺԷĽ顣
ƾʲôΪԼһôʵϵҲȾϣֻûвˡ
ĺԣҪˣȥԸȻʰɡ
߷㼷һǳǳЦݣҪĺԿģĺУôܿóأ
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ôˣ˵һ˳ңʱ㲻һŷϣ˵ģ˵ĻĶҶƭҡ߷㣬ƭҡ
ĺԸоǿҵĲ߷ǰȴôץס߷䷴еףƺһҪʲô档
ûƭ㣬ֻȥʰϢѡ߷ٶȿһЦֻͷһͷĺԹԼ֡
ûÿǣĺԵַԼġĺԵϸۣϸָƯȻزԸſ
Сӣż绰㿴òãĺҲͷա
㲻æĻʹɡȻһ̵´棬˽˺ȥܡ
һˣˣǷɶֻ꣬һ̵Ĺůɶ˻飬ͲһǵӦȥġ
ĺԡֹƺһֽɬĸо
ţ
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ãġĺԸղڻؾͻһƬڹ߷㲻ܾ̬£ٴӵס
ʱĺԿʼЩ秵ĻˣֶԳΪһ˵㡣˭ȶ飬˭ⳡս˸ףһͿء
лҪ˵ʵֿǿĹ
Сʤ»鰡

ʮ

Ҫ滳ر, ʱ뻹˯С
Ƴһ۷ڴߵС, ƽ¶ȡһʰ, ʱֻһЩ·, ڣõһЩƷʰȥ, 涼䡣
շ·һҰĻ滳ϴ߻ش¡ƺǽŲȥ, ͵͵һ, ˸ּ硣
滳ϸҴñ, ÿǰķ˿ϰԵؾҪͷǹȥֻŵ, ЦЦ, ʮˣôƲסԼ
תһ룬, γƹֺαִһЩϸ֦ĩڣͽ˰ɣ, ͹ˡ
һȻĶͷ, 滳ǳ, ˡⶰԿ׷ڴͷ뿪ˡ
滳ǻʱֻѾ˷ģʽȫ̶ûôڡһ򻰶ĺԣҲûж˵ʲô
˶ͬһҾƵ, ڣ滳һԼ֮Ϳʼﱸ׼
ǵӵģΪ滳ҪֻϢһȻһ졣
𴲵ʱѾû滳ӰֻߵĿλ΢΢ݣ˺ܾãƺá
Ȼʱиԣص鿴æµͬǣﾹмֻ㱡
üû˵ʲôֻ볹ݼٻȴǿʼϢʱ顣
㣬㲻ܶ˰ͣͣģ㻹һϢһʱ䡣۳гϢ޳ȥʳʱקס룬һ̲סԹӡ
˱˰۸滳磬޳ڼҶ磬žǹҲǣһǵһˣϢû£Ϣͳˡ
ֵֹģôܵû磿˵߶˶ڣе㲻ϰϷˡ
ѽңһھ͵šԡɱˣȻú۽ԼϷڣ㽵ӣֻĪоЩЦ
룬пɱӦòԶˣǰѾĵ׿诱׿Ĳ֡ⲿƬҪĳ࣬͵ģЧҲߺֻܶ࣬ҪϷУԤƵǰһܹɱࡣ
ɱǰӦòϢ˰ɣһȥǵСӰʱĵˣ벻ڣ׿ǲֵʱĺǵż˵ЩûţȻ˵
ھֲܸ޹ܣܲôʱͿʼԹˡ
ˡɫǳ΢΢һЦΪܵҸҵȻҪһɱˡ
Զһ˵ע⡣ͷһһɫмζ룬/̵úܻ˵
רױ䣬˲ܹƽҲҪ˼ʲôֻǡҲ˸ոյһ仰
벻ЦתЩ⣬һֱܻ˵֪ܵô
ҲƶԷ˿ûذʳзָǰˣһҪʱ滳ıô˵Ҳǰȡʱ磬ҲЩꡣ
滳һߣǢ̸ò⣬һ·ϻɫƣ˶֪Ҫܿ
ϲݲݽĺԴԼ滳üչ٩䣺Ǽ£ôǺ¶ĥһûϵ
滳Ӱ̨ƹһݸĺԣһ֮󵭵˵ǸûϵֻҪǩõĺԼͿˣǼڲô޹ء
޷ǾǼҵڲ⣬˲֣Ҳ޷ϲ֡
ǾֻܵȽüˡĺԶžƱɳϣ̧ҡžƱֱڵƹԽʺ͸Һ壬ǹһǳǳĻȣһҲ͸ʱˣòʱ˼ڲˡ
滳鲻𻰣ߵشǰŴ⾰ɫӳ°ӣ𣺡ҲȲ˶ãе˵ŸǺҪ֪գͲǾõȡһ㶼ʶҵҪǷԵˡ
ĺ΢һףЦʱգ
滳ٱһڣ㴼ĺʽĺУ漴¡
ĺԡ͡һЦˣվߵߣԼıһģζС˵ٰ»ȥ
֮ĺ벻ˡʱ滳ŴҲʱ䣬һȴͬʱԽһ£Ա֤Լʱ䲻ᱻ˷ѵ
ȴȷʱƣȻʲôԭʱ֮ڽ
滳ƺԸ˵Լ飬ֻͷһںƣšһ
һŵˣоǲǾ͸ǰһأĺԾ滳ˣȻǽ̬Ȱڷŵãæµͬʱῼǵ롣
һʱ滳Ƴһۣ˵ôȥˣƽʱ㲻ǶܻԾô
ĺת˸شһֱһֽƱٵߣѵ棺Ҳú̸һһи˿ȥǡǰһĻҡ
˵һʱĺԵǸ򵥵ġֺ񴥶һط
˵ʵڵģ滳ûмĺԶһĹģһ⣬ȴҲĺԱ¶ļ֡
Ŀȥмڴ˵ҾĿԴˡɻ˴ڨΪ㹻ģͿܼܲˡ
ĺüһֱҪ˵滳ֻˡ
Ļϵĺûбעһûб滳ĺ롣ǴֶμˣԴϴΪ˱Ӷɾ֮Ҳûٴ档
̧ۿĺԣߣ
ĺһ߻ȥ±ӱ߱߻˻֣ɫѵ˰
ЦЦ绰Ŀɫɸղŵƽת
飬ҪϢô뱧˫ɳ滳طʲôãصǴռش󣬿󣬷󣬾ɳҲ档
ûУոĺĹٴһЩ顣ˣȷе⣬һҿܻزȥǰ֮һԡ滳鷵ذ̨¾Ʊʹ촫ֻ
ĬΣ滳ҲûҪŵ˼һššһߵʱôûң
滳˿е͵͵ЦƮȥֻͷ첻ϢԲˡôһȥʱһ绰ģҹҲ򡣡
ȻˣǲҹŵĿĵ˺ģ仰ͿˡӾ鷡Ҽư⣩
ȻѾ˽·ЦðҾҹҲӭġ˵ָоƺЦζ̫أ˶ֻǵЦݻ۵׵һĨ⡣
滳ֻһʶĻ飬ʲôʱҶڼҵ
ң۶Ȼӡܺйľıݣܹжķĵط
Ȼ˿뻰ļһǰδеǻڰ֮ϵΡ
лҪ˵׼Ҫ

ʮ

˵, ӹľƽ֡۾ٴĲۻ;ٶ;, ΨƽС
ڵ滳Ȼûдﵽƽľ, ˵Ҽ, ȴҲв㡣
ϰҹ滳绰ǵ滳Ϣϰ, ϴ֮ʱϵ滳ȻҲϢʱ䣬вɵʱ, һ벻ʱ, Ҳû̫ϵ
Źô, Ҫѯ滳鹤չʱһ顣
Ϧ˽Ҫˡ
ôȻǲ, ǸʱҪôû, ҪôǺĺȡûйκһ˽ڣʹȻԥȴҲ֪Ӧôȥڡ
ڷⲽüͷ˼
滳ʮ, ͳɹңҵг, ֽôò׼滳뷨, ˽滳˽ڡ
һ֮ĵһ˽ڡ
Ҫ, ȱҪ档滳Ĺչûȷ䣬ôҪĻ滳ûжԵˡ
üһɨһȦټķ䡣ȥĻֻһͨ绰ůĻֻͨﱾʧȥԭе¶ȡȻˡ
óֻԼг̱, һüͷšһᡣ滳鱾Ǻ⽻·ȸ˲ɲг̣̫еͬʱҲ֤ϢһϹȥ
·Ƚӵ绰ʱ˵һгֻ̣ڼ֮䣬˫ôẓ̇룿
·㡭һԼҪ˵еЩԥϾ·ȶԼÿ·Ҫæ
ôµģҪǮĻ⿪ڰǮˡ·ɣ˵Ծա
ԼȻ¶ɴ˵·㣬ʮߺŸʮ˺Żжʮźţгܰȵ⼸ôʮ˺ϦϦǰ϶ҪصģʱȥμӽĿ
·һַֻԴɻȵǲУʮߺֻʣˣȹĻÿĹɾͳˡ˳ַһ±Ϸ֮һһ̸սĿҪ¼ơ
·Щ˲ʱﶼȸԾû·㣬ǼҪ鷳Ұһ£⼸ɡ
·ָͷô棬ϸ˼һǿԸЩĿľ鹵ͨһ˵ڵȺ˳ֻһͷ밲ɽ˵г̣Ҳ֪ϲǻ֪һνӡŮǻΪŮŵǲͬһˡ
·㣿
·æҡҡͷĨһѷƣɫãҰ㡣Լƽʱע⣬ڡԡƣͷʢǧҪʲô
֪лл·ˣ챨㡣ЦȫǵóԸ˸ĵ⡣
ԼĺԳǰʲôвƵȴϵʼ߷䡣޾ϸȫһˣƾơ
߷㱾ΪԼЩʲôоһĻĻӵǵĻӳʱǸоԼθһس鴤ţǿҵŻžһϱʼǱԡ
úָ࣬ǵؽ˰Χߵ̨ǰںſͼӿĲѹ¡ŷ磬
ѣֻ߽ӴԼܣСˡ
߷۾ָŴأþòƽȵ˳ۺϴ
߻ذ칫ǰԼ̨ʽԣʼһһӡʱ칫ϵĴӡһŲӡ
߷㣬ӡʲôôࣿ뽫Ʒϣһʡ
°Ņ̧̀ʾԼ
ƾƵӼʵҪö࣬ľԸһ㡣ЩЩֻǴ˲򣬶ʵǹʵսȻ㲻϶࣬ȴҲۼ֮˸ܵǿӾ
롰žһϵһֽŷڰ칫ϣŤͷһֿ߷㡣ָصֽҳϣ˫üšһһֵشӳݷмڴô죿Ҫ黹Ҫô
ƾǸ¹ڳģ͸еģǰʱյ򺣵ȥ˼ͣƾƵʱõĶԴʱ˽ȦЩƣֻ˻
ɺ֪ĶˣƾӡȻĥֻй߷㣬ƺĲײĲᡣ
ô죿߷㵭ЦһЩ֪ģΪˣΪǾҪʱǸɾġҲΪ֮Ȼ̸жôԷҳܻеġ
̫ε˺ù߷ľ˲٣Ȼܲǿҵ˸СֻǾþȻôεĻᣬ۹νӽԼҪ
㻹ҪӶôʲô֪飬飿ǰһ˵ܺáĻ
ң߷һûΪʲôҲûǿԼʲô
ҡҡͷЦˣʵ滳ѡӶô˵ˣ֪ҲˣڵǰҪô֪飿¶մƾƿƨˡȻˣŮӦƽȲô
˵죬ȥƷ˿˿ָ⣬ĵ׵ĺڡ
һɣ߷ͨˣҲȴԼһ׮£׾ͺãһִԲ֪·Ҫһ·ߵڡЦЦ⿪ƷӣƷͦϲģ
ôпգƽʱǺ߷ƻԼλ£ȡ޲࣬ζƮ𣬳ıǻ
ʼ磬쿪ʼͺæˣʱûô㣬ԹҪרĽ⼸г̶Բɣܰȥ滳飬ϣɨһǵϣʣ߷㣬ôҪƾƵģòһʱɣ
滳Ǳĺһʱȥ֪֮ģ֪߷ʲô
˼£߷̧ƽͶ˲ǡãĺҿøҺҵĸĸǧٰõ˾ʲôƷС
ĺԣ߷۽ëһ£֪ǲԼ˵һٺΪ
ϸ룬Լ˭жܰյסĺԣסһ죬סһ£סһ껹أ
ţò˵߷㣬Ը񣬲ĪСӵˡǵĹòһǰ㣬㻹ԸΪ顣ûֱԣ߷㵭Ȼ飬֪Լûв´
ǰǵĹòһǰ㡣ĺԷֻԸһĲĺȴǧ
߷ӣȻα߹һĨЦʱûԵĻҲϲһܹһһˡûа취ҿƲסһҰ˵һյûģ
޲̰ƾƣɾʱϲһƾƵĺԡЩЩЩˣЩǸٹ̣Ѫģܺӣ
߷㣬Ҫ̫ΪԼˡ뿿һ㣬ϵĵζһʱʧ
ȥҵǸĺԿʱͳ𣺡ʱ򣬿ԳϲˡǱˣͷʱ̵ŵˡôһʱ᲻òȥ
ţµܿԼȥôĵһ˲䣬൱ڽһѼ⵶ĺɱɣɣɲ˵
лҪ˵С

ʮ

Щĵŵ, ǴݲһͷƬΪ˱֤Ч, ˸ڻصӢǱסš
Ӣ֪ŮΪʲôȻæµ, صһûü˵仰, ˲̶˵ӢҲͲ˵ʲôֻϢ, æ塣
ܵز滳ڵ绰ʲôϲС, ´
ʮѾ, һĿ¼ƽ, ԻؼʰȻҲһʱ䣬ҪԷһ, ʰ·ûл
ӢŻ뷿ſھͿڰѵõļ·ŽһС, ɵʵ룬ʰҪȥĶ
һ£һת, Ӣش𣺡裬س, ҹȥ漸, ˳һЩӻҪԼĻ, ֻԼˡ
ȻӢ⻰ȥˣü¶ɫôãֶЩעӵģֵûƷѣ, ʲôҲȱ
뱾ɲģæȥ§ļɳ£ã֪һ˼ﵽġ
ӢڹеЩΣԼ滳õϿɵԸҲһŨ滳ԸôһλȨصˣ˵﾿ռ˼֮أ
֮һ֮һ벻ȥ룬ָƺ̰Լֻܹܹõ𽥵أĿøأʼűϲϵǺҡ
ܳʱ
滳Щ˯øⰲȵһ滳ҲŴϰЩָͷ滳Ķϸ
αֻĿĽأܹȷ滳ڣ͹ˡܹһÿһ춼ã㣬һһǾҪδ
붩˶ʮߺĺ࣬滳ϾȥԼ̫ġ֮ǰΪ˲滳ģճĵ绰
룬ô滳һߴŵ绰һ߽Լļһһݵ
ûУˣʰüһغ˵˵ڽԼ˯۵䡣
ţ滳΢΢üһļ֧ϣǼʲôʰģЩ춼ʲôˣҪԼϴ֮⣬ﶼӶ˻£ʵûʲôҪĵġ
յһԼͷǴǿ򾲵˸ˣһס˼졭ʰԼû©˰ɣ
š滳û˵ʲôɨһ۱ʼǱ¶˵ڣ̧ʱǹһȻЦҺܿͻȥˣʲôҪҴô
ûУ˻ͺá䣬ǽϵĹ˵Ҫˣһ㲻æĻٴҡȳԵ㶫ȥͲˣϵʱһߡ
Ϊ˱ⱻϳǴһסī䣬׿Ȼڻ·ܱߵ·࿴ۣɫ򶨵ػӹȥ߾īڲסûмٸ濴
滳ĺһǩЭ顣Էĥһڣһ߽ڲ⣬һ̸߽ŶڽǩԼ
˳Ӽط滳鶼һ˿¶
֮滳ĺԷòͣ˳Ļ顣ʣֺ˼ƣ˵ҲŸĺԡ
΢΢ͷĽëһƬƯӰָŷҪţȻƮһ㣬ֱΧܺĿռ䣬ࡣ
ǰرס⣬һ˫ס˫ۣҲŮԵ塣
滳ڸо˿ʱ񾭣ֻŶԷٽһЩɾʱ㡣ֻǵϤڱϳʱ˫ܵǰʱеķһɲǡ
İͷ˹ȥûпԼֻ˵λС㿴Ǹ󣬲֪ܷܲĽӼһأ
գգۣ۽ëָɨ΢Ц⣬ԣҪ٣
жҪ٣ҿСɫʵ޷ܣ硭ϳβЩЦԵζͣᴵһ滳¶Өײߵ˵ҲҪٲҲɫ㿴Ρ
滳Цһִ򿪷ţһסºǣｫڹϵűһǳɡ
ƹȻĵĺɫǸĶӡĴ滳˼Ļȡ
룬㵽˶ãôûиҴ绰Լһſڵ۲ۣ滳̧ȥµ࣬ϧֻϲ
ϧһ·Ƚŵýգŵ˯߲㣬ϲǵõô˵ԼǵݷͬѰһСľͻ¶ˣ滳ڲԸȥôֻ࣬ҪĸжԼġ
ãܵȵöáס滳ת˸ӽѹԼղŵλãЦһĴҪʼɫˣλСղſĬ˵ģǧҪܾҲźá
滳鸧ϵ𽥺ȦסĲԼķʽ˵ĴԼŨҵĿ
ǵסһһ˱ĴԼﶼĿڽĴࡣ
飬Һ㡣ǵߣȻֹˣȥȥ
滳뻰ƣ۵˫§룬ǲǺۣҷȥϢ
ȷʵۣ˯߲·;ϻҪű·ϳҺֱۡڼ滳飬ƣŸ¶
滳ҲЬϴѰλãĴֻռһطᰲĺ˯ɣ̫ˣ첻ϴˡ
û𻰣˯ţоϵ·ỺĶȥһ㱡˿ʶع𴽽ǡ
滳黻·֮Ϩ˵ٶȻס룬£֪û˯ţָԼĺḧš
޽ǣԣ룬һȥʱܿģô춼ЩʲôҲңû㡣Ψû뵽ǰûϲûС
Ǿһλˣ˵ãܾĺʼոڱ㣬ûġ
ȻҲпǸǳֳ̫ϲ룬Ϊﶼʤˡ
ͬĸоž뱻ϧһڻమĽȥϧ˴˵ˣôġ
û뵽ģܽ󻹻кܶࡣ뽫ؿڣůɫĴͷӳ£˸ѹס滳飬ϲҪϲΪҶ֡ΪһҲϲģԲԣ
ȵĻ滳ıͷһȣסʼɵԼĴսʱ˵ʲôʣ˵ʲôжøĶ
Ų⣬ǵ滳֣һ˫һԹڿĥ䡣
飬Ըôͷ۾вڲڡ
㻹Ҫô滳ѵõŭʹͷƻ谵ҲܲõһȾ˺ÿɫֻֽץ˯һǣƺڴֽš
ϵûмɻ滳ߣס滳ָ֪¶˵Ҫԣ㣬ΪҲȷֻ֪Ҷӣ֪Ҷĸס飬һһʱˣѵһ᲻Ҫô
滳ĬжϸĵͬʱҲ̵о·Ҫȼ
ǣǾƵ꣬ô˵ܹɡȻЦһ˵ȻѾͬˣһصҾͲʣֱҪˡ
滳ӶҲֽ̽ţ֪ˡ
飬㺦˰
ǰӵЦĲָȹɵĺֻһֱڱķʲôҪȻ뵽һʡ
Ҹ
ͬϣõһ顣˵ǳĲҲڽռڤڤָ
лҪ˵ϰûܳɹ
оԽԽˣ
оµۣӪҺĻҪ˷ѽһʱ仹³ʲôĻ

ʮ

滳ѵ, ´ȥϴ, ûд롣
Ҳ֪뾿ѶĹһ, Ҫɹ, ſڵš͵ϮѾûʲô, Ҳһʱﱸ
滳ĹѾβ⼸ֻҪŶԷ֪֮ͨȥ뻹ͦɺϵ, 뵽ʱһʱ
ܻҪ, ĺҲ, ҪԼ滳һԸ͡
ѽһϲ, óԾͳ, ˯˯һæˡĺһž˸û˵Ϳ滳ü, һָͷڴϣʾ
ǡôˣĺȻ, 滳Ļ, ŵԼ
Գһ޵Ц, ˵뻹˯ˡ
ĺԱˣ۾ȥǶķȷռҰݻһصֻԡǶģһ㷢滳Ĵ΢΢¡, һˡ
what㶺أǲǽ˷񲻸Ҹңĺҧ滳ָ̨ˣ˵ʵһȥСø״
滳üһȻܲĺ˵
ġʵҸ˵ϻʱҲЩţˡ滳ԹԵ˱ˮָڱĦƽѾԼȡ
ĺһ۴ķ΢΢Цһ¡滳һεѡǶԵˡ
óֻ㵽ݸ滳飬飬㿴ʲôӡ
Ǳ˵ŵ滳ע¼Ľգܹ黹Ǳ۰˵ġĺԱøռһ˽֪ʶˣǻѪһϸͷô죿
ðɣ滳ѾˡϵġϦ֣ĺԿȥϦ
šĺջֻ˵ʱֻΪϦԼŰ죬æŹ˼ҡϾйͳ˽ڣ˽պŨΪݲع⣬ϳȥ
滳ָڱɤӣ֪
ԭ뽫ѹһô׼ʱԭϦоԼűӵЩʪƺ˺ͷһȵĸоٶȸ֡
ãԼò񻰡
ĺشһļͷ֪йֻũֻƱ˻УңǺǡ
˶٣滳ͷǣŲ뿪ĺԸоԼһɳ嶯ԼҪʲô滳ж
ͬʱҲڽܵõʹˣԼӦġ
߷绰ʱƽĺԳЩ̫࣬Ҳ̫ÿĺһε绰ͻϰԵ¶˿ȥ
Сӡĺغдδ߷˼СϦ֡
ƺˮΪŹ߷Ĭʱ䣬һΣΣΡ
ڣͣϦ֡
߷ûа취ֿĹƣĺԲٱǿĸԼţţȴȥ¶Ȧصõȴǿҵ
ôӦôĺɳϣһֻеʶɳ֡Ҫȴ߷ľȷҲҪù߷еһ˿ŵĸо
ɵ˽̲סڣ̲סһܹİĴ𰸡
ˣûдӦҲٴӦ߷üĿ͸ȴɺӵ⡣
ֻͣǶεˣܹȥˣȻжķ˵ƾһصĴڣҪɻ飬ȻԼļ룬ٴԸ̸ʱҲ䵭
ĺԿ߷㣬˼ܹܵõЦһüжϲ֡
ʣСӣôһҲãҽҪھƵһ죬ĶҲȥ֪ҽ첻ǹµġ
ַʽ߹߷㣬ǰһˡµĽһ˴ţֻҪ߷һ仰ͲԼֻһˡ
߷££յץʲôΣĺΪشӿįʱҧҧϸ˵ô
ϲһʱ嵭ĺ޷Լ˼ģЦ˵ңҺܿͻȥˡ
绰Ҷˣ߷þûزĺԻǸԼĺôԼһ仰ģȸԾôԣôİ顣
ɶȼŵĻһ㣬һɲϲõģȻȴ˻ҷ
һֱ˯磬ۿĵһĻǶűʼǱɳϾ۾滳顣ӣЦš
ò˵滳һģܻԵһƱˣ˵ҪǿƵŮˣŮ˵ǳ϶صĸоİϲ֮ĵĵط
룬ˣ滳µ߹ȥڴߣ˿ɫҪЩŷġ
ţ첻æôӦ˰ɣҾȻ˯ôáŸ˯ѵ˵ɴɵ滳ϡ
æһһƵͿˡѾǩ˺ԼֻŶԷ֪ͨȥ̸һЩԽûʲôҪæġ滳ЦⰻȻᴥգµѾЩ
ǿôһֱң˵ʱҾͺáס֣ڴ滳뵽ĺϵĻ
˴ǣͷȥĴĴָĴ߻룬Ϧ֡Ŀһᣬɫˡ
һʱ磬Цݣ§ס壬飬һΪ㲻ֽգֻż㣬Ͼһĵһ˽ڡ
ǰΪԭ򣬻кܶϵ⣬ҼôϦڣˡҪӦңԺʲôҪңһҵĵ飬ȻҳͲٸסˡ滳رס壬ļͷ
ļԼȴƺ֪ʲôʱҲѾΪԼ̫̫ĸж滳Ŀڣ룬ͷĲš
ãҲˡԺ鶼ȸԲˡ֪ԼĶס滳飬ôŮˣ۰Լˡ
ΪԼĵģԼһЩ붼֪
Ϊƣûϴ裬֮󼴱ҲҪϴ
ЩȥȡԼ䣬һ滳ƽʱѩĳϴϡ
滳ƹһͷȥļƵ飬춯̧ͷһۣһ۱Լʲô
ذס޳ȳƵӣƽʱ滳ֻſӣϱɿţڴ¶͹ֵķ⡣ӨϾ¿ȥһ˫ĳ߶°ڵļ϶
滳һ̣ٶ࿴
滳æʱҪȥ룬ڰ̨һ֭ŵ绰滳ЦЦ֪Լá
£滳齫ֽϣָסǦʣ̧ͷԸвʧŵˣͷȥϸա
ǵù˶ã飬ڻô·̬Ӧò顣
š滳ûлͷר־ԼҪ̻̬ϸġֱ˱ʣĺһ
ˣ뿴ͣʣЦʡ
ţˡ滳˸ûдģ˭֪ԽԽרעҲڡ
߽һ㣬һֱҷԼϣɴ˳ϣ˶ڲסȸ
飬ϲôǣסֻסԼȻ忿ϡ
˵𻭻΢ס񣬵˵ͷһЦţǰѧʱѧҲżʱûлķϡ˵ţ͵ĿַǱճϣЦݸϡ
۵׷ǳЦ⣬̧°ĿԼϷʣ˶㻹ȥҶûˣǺİ˵Ű۾ﶼζЦ
滳ǿѹͷȥЦĴӭȴǣֻ૵һȥƵǰ̨ҵ䣬ҵ·桭
лҪ˵Сˣϰֻۣ
˵ϰử֮ǰһΣûע⵽

ʮ

ץ滳, ԽǺ, Խ滳̲סȥȡ, ŭЦù˵ӡ
һԵ, ĺԵҲʶȤֻڳԷʱ٩˼, ˸ζͻԼķ䡣
滳鵹ĿϦӦôû˯֮ǰеһЩϰסҺ, һϢ, 㲻һ⡣
, Ѿˣǳȥʲô벻֪滳ʲô, ֻǣԼš
˵û˼, ңôࡣ滳麬صЦݣʮָ۵ֻ˻Ρ
̲ס΢΢һЦ, ĽŲ˾Ƶ滳һ⳵˾ʦǸʮҵʿ, ΪͰ, ֻϳ֮۾źӾ롣
, Ǹﰡ͵Ĵһʱ벻Ҫ˵ʲôֻһֱ˼
Լпܱϳæ彫ͷ滳鲱ϵĴīҲʣ֪λôһƶǶӡ
ʦ, 鷳ǵͷлл滳ҲоԾһ߱Ŀĵأһ߽§ǸЦЦ˵鲻ã첻ǹôҴȥǱߡ
ԭʦǺһЦ˳ӣǸͦԵˣˬ˵ȷʵǸ˹ĽڣÿӶСڹȥͷ棬ҲһЩ鲻õСȥԸʲôġλ黵ˣҪᣬеǺõСӡ
뱾Ժģ֪ԭʦΪԼʧˡ滳˵ƺ֪Ҫȥĵط²ȥģ뵽⣬ĺᰴ˰
滳۵һĨЦ⣬ʦʦô˵ÿ궼кܶȥô
ǿɲǣҸղſھƵ긽֪ǲǱˣؿôЩĳҲɱ˵ʦûǡɵһ̵ƣʦת֣µ˵һЩƵİǧʼǮЩһʼǮӾ֪ˣҪǮġѽֱӾ͸ҪС
ãллʦҼסˡ滳òػشȻ״
һ·滳鶼˾ʦʱϼ䣬ƫƫܹؽԽԽԶʦȤһȫԼղƺһСе顣
̧ͷȥֻ滳鱾峺һ¹ʣЦ˫ʼջԼӲɿ
滳˵ͷ˳뼫ĿȥĿ£вҲͬŮԶͬСֻҲͬ飬Լ
ͷλڽߣ԰ǽ԰ͷĸһʯţҹɫ£ЩУ㽭ϵĻܹһЩطȴܹǲ̫
飬Ϊʲôס滳ֱۣתͷ
滳ЦЦûлֻ°̧̧ʾԶ˵ֻʣһŶѡ޽ָԭӡ˶٣ʣȥµĶǻָԭȵģ²Ϊʲô
ɣʯţʹɫİܲ׽ǳ·紵ĺۼ㲻½ġ
ѵʷʲô·ҪԭȵģΨһܹ뵽ԭ
滳ͷĿԶʷһλʵۣԼطŹơǸʱЧÿɽҲڵϦԼӷһյԸĻơ
˵һ£Ŀ£ߴЦչȥ߻ͳ˵ȻҸͬŮˣⲢͬǶԷӡ
Цӣ滳ĺաһܱߣΪвŮͬԽ飬֮Ļûע⡣
ΪԲŻôŻôλʵ۵Ըʵˡ§ĸ첲ԹеĻʵһ˿档
ţȷʵˣһнһλӣҴûӡΪűԵء߿Ըδ໥֣һ˵ģͿһ֮˵Ը
һųʱ϶滳ĹӦûõ֡
ʯŵµĽ߲ԶкüС̯Ƶġղڳʱ滳һѧʵģЦЦ
ߣǹȥ滳ǣ֣ϸɨɨЩС̯ģһԼʮŮڵ̯λ
յƣŮӵ˵£һһд֮ǰˮתһۣϵдԼͷðһ仰
Եн˱Զİȥ
飬дʲôҡޣһʱģһ֪ʵĺͯ
滳һֻסļͷЦûһ仰ôԸʱԸ˵Ͳˣ໥ˣһô죿
֮ǰӲŵ˵һ̣ԼղдµԸԸðȥԣԼĺֻҪԸʵ֡
ãҲˣΪʵ֡Լһյƣ˵
滳ĿҲ棬۾Цⱻһ˿ȡתǳջǣס
ﲻϵĻҲϣ⽫ӳճԵӡ
δˮ̨ϣ滳ʾԶЦ룬㿴м˰Ըдںܶ໨ϣϣԼԸܹһʵֵĻᣬÿ˶Ϻܶյơ
Լǳ˶뷨ŻԼԸظΣʵֵĻҲ͸һЩЩеǣˡ
ҹ滳ƺ鲻Ц䣬صΪʲôֻҪյԽԽô
滳ҡͷڣɫԽͬ⣬ôһξ㹻ͬ˵ЦЦ밮йصԸҪôࣿһ͹ˡ
ס˵ͬһ˵ͬһԸ̫λᵢʱģһᷳˣͺİ컵ˣ
·𶴲һеĿ봽߸ǳЦѧƽıӣȤ˵һһμôŵˣСȤ
滳麬ЦĿƵϣȻ룬ãһš
ֻ÷ȷʵղŲͬûǵķ滳һ𽫸ԵĻƵˮУһͬ΢ˮ棬ǰ
滳Ŀһֱͣ˵ĻϣԶȥֻյʱԵһ𣬵Ҳһ·ûзָ̫ԶֱԶĵ㻨ڻ㡣
Ŀͣ滳ĲϣҲ滳˵ԸȻԳΪȫԸȫ
飬Щһóֽøɾ˵ָڣĦơ
ﲻһ̫ˣ滳ͷЦЦʣȦס롣
ڵĻôÿ컰㡣빴𴽽ǣ§ס滳ǳֻʱܾã֮ǰԽԽһˡ磬ử˾ʦ죬ѡ˵ţЦ
ûоˣҲûܹʱҪĳһ£ҪһЩܹɡ滳ֵЦֻԸԸȥ
뻹滳飬ȻΪеһ˿ʹסֱ۽˽ɣ飬ôãԥô
滳һ䴽ǣ˵һʱԵʱ򣬰Լҵʱԥô
һҧסԼĴ滳üĿ΢΢սһЩϸ룬ҵԸ㻹벻֪
˵᲻ôһ˫ˮӣȺɡ
滳鴽Ц⣬֪ԸʲôԸҵԸô붯ǰһУ滳ͲµԸ
ģǡˡ
ֻԼڡֱͨͨԶֵȺ벻ۣ벻ĶȫǰЦ滳顣
飬㡭
ꡭ滳һָסĴչȥĶ˵˵˵Ͳˡ֪ͺá
ֻ֪ҲֻܴԸͺá
лҪ˵ûлҪ˵أ

ʮһ

ֻųʱ滳, ٶʮźҪϷصĺࡣ
ֻʣ¼Сʱʱ, ѡھƵ滳顣
滳绰Ĺ, ϵļ, õİڷ롣м滳֣ﰵһ, һμʱ͸Լ˺룬ǲЦ
, Цʲôأ֪ʱ, 滳˵绰߹, ľ΢΢Цš
ļʱͻȻ㵱һμѣֺƯ, ȻˡһԼͷ, ͷֿһҳ滳ּ
һ/ϣԿдֵ
ҾͿ, ΪʲôҪУúÿ䲻ô滳һüµ˵
Ҫ, Լǲǰ滳ʲôؼܵˣѾǻ໰ٵ, 滹, ֻ˵ʱͺ̫Ծˡ
һȥʰ·ˡɤҪǱߣ滳ʱһѱס˶ȵĺͬʱĲ
Цһ£ȥ滳, ת˫һۣ˵飬ôˣ
滳ĬĬ˫ȦЩԼ޼䡣𣬻˵룬Һܿͻȥˣ졣
һ˫ۣЩЦ۵׸֡ղ滳˵Ļָ滳ĿĦţһҪ⿪ȴԥģ
˵˾᲻ңΪʲôҪ᲻һͲʵһôָѾܸܵԵĵطԹưȴһ˵Ľ
滳ĶȻҪߣ㱻Ҳ򾲵̬ȣѵ˵Ĳôң
ǵûش⣬ֽ˻üһ˵öԲȲᣬȳϣġĻ˵ˣھȻڿҪҪϣ
滳ץסʹ֣ðɣҳϡ
ûסЦ˳һס滳Ĳӣ峺·Ϫˮ飬ʵ㲻Ҳ֪ģѾˣ㻹ʲôҵģӦ֪ϲ˵Ļ
Ҫ滳л˵ĳ̶ȣҪһЩʱ䣬ر黰渵ģԼһһһؼ𣬽ʱģ̽Ѫ
滳§ᣬã֪ˣҲסˡ˶˵ȥʰ·ɣϢһ͸ˡ
Ȼܲ뿪֪Լܵ滳鹤սźջȥҪġֻҪֿƣƳһۣȻ⡣
飬Ҵһ·òãʵ
ţΪʲô
ΪβԵỺƳ滳ͷ֣ĵ˫ңԺ⻹Ҫ㲻ڵʱ˿Դζ͸оڱҡ
滳΢΢죬ϵӣɫԼ
ʱ֣봩֮滳齫ͳţֻ͵ݿڡһͬڴҰлǷǳΣյģûԶ͡
һ·϶ƽֻ˵ǻǰһۡҪֻ򿪷ģʽĻ֮󿴵δͬһϢԭΪʲôɧ磬Ҳ޷
鲢ֻ̫üͷ΢΢ûлظʲôŻֻǻ
滳뿪֮Լ̸˺Ҫ󾡿̸ˣԷڿǺԼʱ䡣
£˷ĵҪ⿴һĿһȽϻ𱬵ķ̸ĿļαȦӰˣżǵˡ
ɣһרá⵵Ŀ¼ƵʱӦ֮ǰ¼ġ
滳ζطң˽Ŀиϳ롣ֹЦŵ壬ûаԼǰʱĽĿˣأʮ㡣
ǸŮԣΪĿķ̸ʣװΪְҵװ͸ӫĻ滳ܸܵʵ
ҲһЩ磬֪ϲһأ΢Цʡ
ݵӰƬ͵Ӿʵ࣬ΪݼڣݹҲ֮󱻻УһҽԼ뻪ǩԼ֮һһʱŮǣ˱㿪ʼƵڹڵǰ
ֻ˼״üͷ΢ϸ˼˵ʵÿһƬҶǳϲĹ¶ʮҡ˵ϲĻһѡ񡣡
ͬ˾籾ֱʾԼϲƫһﲻôģ˵ȴ׵ġ滳Ц¿
ҲһЦȤôϲƬӣҪҸʱһˡ
˶ٷ·Ȼһ⣬η̸Ϊص⣺Ƕ֪ɻֹ˾Ʒ޵ִͬ/ӰƬԡⲿӰƬĿǰϷ˵Ƿǳģ֪ôأ
ʵ൱ٷ̨֪ǰ׼滳Ҳüһ
ǲֽ̧ԼƷϵĳ쵽ЦӰƬһ¿Գڴǰʽ֮һÿһ¶Ҫȥĺ塣еĻи˵ı׼ֻҪ¾ͺãô
ݣֻ֧жɲҪԡùٷĴӦٷ⣬ǽĿҪġ
̨һȥ֮˺Цͷ˵һǴĹӦȥ˽˼룬һɹӰƬּҽ˻ԤףԡƱ
лл΢Цл
һЩʱḶ́ҲһЩͬϸ˵ڻʱ뻹뼸λֳˡеһЩŶΡ
ô֪࣬ЩݹĽɫϲһأ
ѾҪǰ׼ķΧڡ룬𴽽ǣЦ崺磬Ӧݵ׿ɫ¸ң飬ԼҪģΪ˶ȥŬ
滳ЦݻûüţһˡɳȥţĺԱ˫ſЦЦ
ĺԣô˲˯ʲôʵ
Сˣⲻô˯ǰ⡣ĺԾֱȥɳ£ӵĻ棬Ц⣬滳ҪҪô飿㻹⿴ĽĿ
йоصķ̸һԶûУЩĵ⡣
ҵ̨ʱпġ滳ƽһˮĺԣˣʮһŹȥ̸ʣµ⡣
ǸղŶԷ滳׼ȷʱ䣬ĺԺһˮҧһ´ɻʲôʱ򶨵ʱ䣿ô֪
滳֮󵭵ɨһۣƽȵնҴߵġ
ĺһ㶣ˮֶڶЦһ㶼滳ǡЦˡ
Ϊؼȥ߱˿㿪᣿滳飿Ǳʲô˰ɣ
лҪ˵Ҫ׼

ʮ

ÿһϷǾǺȻɿĹһ, ƺϷбùڽš
ԡо, Ҵӿ񶼷ǳ˳, ҲѸٽԼµϷȫϡĿǰֻʣhͬ׿诵Ĳ, Խɱ׶Ρ
hΪ׿дΥţɱ۰, ǳǳ̾ΪѾϣ˷֮ҲЩ롣
ؽ뿪, ǸһߡҲǰ̾찡, Һ, 컹Ҫ𡭡ˣûо, ΪĳЧҪ
ȥ˯, ҲûٳˣҶҵϷݾӶࡣҲЦЦʣµǼĻûͿ, ɱ಻Զˡ
ҵ㰡һǺʱٻᰡ۱ĸ첲ߵ, ԵĻȥ, ˶ԼĹϵá
ٺĻġ밡, ƱȥˣǹǵҲ˶Ͽǡе۵ĳŮӸԼǺϵģǰԼܶʱ򶼲Ҫȥαװʲô
ҪɳģҪɳ, ԼҲҪ·;ţֻϣǵĹϵʣΪķչתΪӡ
㣬Ҫܴ߷磿ۼüŪ۵
ֺۡЦΣ˵Ķͷĳ˵ҲҸ֮ĸմκ޹صĶ档֪⣬˳ҵ˼ǲҪġҲôҲ˻ô
ô˵ҲǸʮˣ֪ģͷ͵ףǣĻһҪġҲˣܹȡĳ롣
׾ͺáȻһЦȥܵǱ߰ɣӦѾˣҲҪȥȡˡ
۴˸к޷ųĵطȥˣҲһԼͣλá
˵ɫ˲ʲô˳ƬȻֵûУҹȴôһ
ڹ¼ҹһ֮׷滳ΪĿꡣȻʼįŴѰͶϵİ£ʼûһθڵġ
ׯݵģ滳飬޶˵ģĺԡϲ࣬ǿԵģȱôһʡ
˼һЩŮĽںͽǮȨƣҲֻǸЩССݣƺԵӡ˿̣ǰŮϰ͹£òҲˣʮºȴ˦ֺشԼ·
ҪĶȥϢôŮƿԼ˯ۣϵɿ壬شӺ汧ס
ҵϰ֪˵˲㡣üͷϸſӣ˳ŮȦסԼ֣Ǯ㣬ԼʵűȥҸ飬Ҫ鷳ңʱԹҲ档
˵õͺƸղƸ˲һŮ֪ͼ̼䣬ǣǻǸǰôȱ˵˼ܲٽ㣬ŮʲôõģȢؼһô˵һ仰Ҷϰô
ѸתӢĮšüڼž޴Ļһ顭
ԲҲô˵
ŮȻıŻˣһֱɵ﷢ţæǰһţۺʣµĿӣЦղҲ֪ʲôħ͵û˵
һԼ¿㡣ֻӣ뵽滳һʱӣ滳ҲйģģԼϵ°ʱӹİ
ǸʱҸѾΪˮ¾ҲܲԺкȻһ棬ЦЦ˶Ҳδɡ
ϾҲˣЩڲģױʳˡԡƬݳȥڱؾ֮·סҪȥȡ롣
ǰĳӵסȥ·΢΢ۣЩ²⡣һ˼Ҫƹȥ˭֪ЩóԸ
Ȼ㲻ֱֻ档ͣ½Ųվ
˳Կֽסһ΢Կײڼžҹʮ
룬Ҿûʲôʾôôô䵭Կջװڴֻòڿڴûóһҹⲽǰ
Цˣתӣ˫βĺһ˿ӣӦñʾʲô˷ܣǼòѣ
ƲЩƵ鲻˵ȷøСû滳䵭ϢҲûŭϣȥºֳһòŮ˶¼Ϊܻӭ
룬ϴǰͻȻ֣ҺܱǸҲҵ̬ȵǸҵȷϲ㣬ԿһҲġɫϣмӣǾ仰ȴױ¶
Լôã֪һЩıԣԼӦĻǲӲġһһ˿Ҫ뷨
Ȼˣ֪Ըʲô˵һҺÿǿǡ˳һʡ
ΪлᣬЦתЩȻĵζͳ˼ִԣӣӣǸõԴϣֻҪõҶԸ㣬Ҫһ𡣡
һ𡱵˼ȻŮĽô򵥣׷滳飬ôһ˹ϵ
㻹֪Ҹϲʣͳŵôණ㲻Լװ׸ôжЩˡ
ȻЩ׷ĶֻһЩϵ㣬һιϵĶδܿ϶û顣
滳Ҳ᲻ּ¶Ӧ֪滳ıȨƻһжҪöࡣ
룬Լ̫ˡȻЦһ£ס֣˵һŮ˵ĵһֵκζȥֻҪܹģ㾡ܿڣҾġ
һΣǲƵعһζĻȣƫƫݽȥһ㣬ѯʣôͬˣڿϳ
Ǹôһ˵ҴžͲʺˡеᣬ㶵ע£Լ˵аˡ
΢ЦһӽӲתͬǰϦɲ룬ˣң
ûˣ㡣뿴ЩϧӣϸϧҲǮȥаˡ
֪ͨʽһû취׾ܾطû˾Լ뷨᲻Ӳ˵Ļ֮
ɫѿҪһȭԼĳϡֻԼһֱעŵŮ˾ȻѾ˷˹ϵĺǷֵԭԸĺ˭֪ŶãϾ˱˵ĴҲĺǱñӶпܡ
ˣϹĿ룬ղŵģڡ
֮ã仰ٶ˵㼲Լĳȥ
ڲԶתǣţһ˽ֻŽδͬȰ˵
ںľƵ귿شԣĺеһŵңһֶſȱʱĸ¥ʮ⡣鶼òˣܻؼңܲɣ
滳Ķ澲ļȻӵüͷҪĺԹصֻǺȻŮԴ˷ܵ
ǰʱʢ⼯ܲ滳ϼܾ¼ֵ÷зҲŸָۡôǰǵõһϢĳƸˮ档
ʮҹݳǰĳӰƬƬһŮԾֹܡŮԾȷΪֹ˾룬عƬǰʱعһЩģƬԱȣȷΪͬһˡ
лҪ˵ұ֤һγˣϰ岻Ź

ʮ

ȥүĳ󣡡ĺ˦ң, վһ, Ѹóֻ˸绰ȥ, ʵǸô£
Է֪˵Щʲô, ԽüͷԽҲ˵Ҷˡ
ʱŷ滳Ѿվŵӵķ, þö˵һ仰
һţʮҹͱ, ֪жٵĺĻټѾ贫, ڵĴѾѡ
, ģҵѾھѹ;Ĵˡֹֻ, 滳ת, ϲɫֱֱֻԼһɺ
ĺ֯һԼ, תӴ󣬶ԽԽ˼, ҪȫƿûôסоƬȻ, Ϊ·, ʹеģܹȷʵڱ˵ǰʱģƬǶ֪Ȼ˴ýҪ
ǰʱЩģƬ˷ųȥģȻ롣
ղŵĿĺȷ, ҪΪСļΪ˴ﵽĿģȻҪڮٳ͸
Ƭģģƾʲô϶滳鴽߹һЦݣָͷ˶Ĭ꣬˵Ҫȥڡ
ȲˣֻҪ뵽ϢĿûа취ȥȰ˵Լ侲
Ķ࣬һЩ·ļֽʡ뻭Żļţչʾˡ
ȵȻ顭ĺżס֣࣬ûڻȥᷢʲôѵҪԳûκιϵôⲻϣҲױ¶Ĺϵ
滳ʰֽһ£漴ֶ˵зִ硣
ĺ¼ֱùǺһץס˳ڣʲôִ磿зִôȥǵܾðԼȥ滳һ㣡
ȥҪ˵ʲô˵˽룬ʶԲСôʱĲֻý壬Ҷˡ
滳鵥ֺ䣬תͷȥĺԣȻ΢΢Цһ£ʲôҲзִ硣ҲäĿףԼȥұҪȥҪҡ
ĺŲò֣ڵ滳Ϥ滳顣򶨴ݣηκͻ״滳顣
ˡ
ĶȥĺûһóԼķһߣһ·ֹģܸұȾôʵһطʰ
ϱӸʲô캦ˣⱲӾ滳ƨˡ
滳չһЦ˵ĺӸ飬˭֪ĺԲǲӸ飬ֻǲһڱֻܽԼ鲻εر¶ˡ
Ǻܿ˻Ʊ滳̶Ը飬ĺԴҴҷء˫Ը鲻Ϊɺƽʱ򣬼ýɣ滳˶û˵ʲôȻ¼ҲƽϢ
ھᣬ滳Ŀͳ˸ýȡͷ
ʢϾʵţһĺʱѾעǣϼ£·ýڸغ滳أȡһϡ
߳ʱȺõļǷӵϣ˼ݣû˸Լȥ赲滳ǰĲֻĽŲЦȥ
֪ԻǰǰȾһ³ʲô̬ȣǲ֪أһλż֤ŮԿٶòѯ滳顣
ȻԵͱˣʳȴ滳ͷһɨһΧԼļߺ¶Ŀĺԣع΢ЦȾ
ղŮ߼شϲɫǵģµͷҲѾжţ̸ܷһ̸Ŀأ
滳һ˲о۵Ŀ¡û˱룬ǸƼǿȴʮʮԼŮˣϲԼŮˣԼʱȴɬ̬ôЩ˿иȾˣ
˳ɻˣƬģɵƲ⣬˼߿оͱˡȾ֪쾿ôȹġҲ˯ȡ
滳Ⱦǳ⣬ʽЦݱǰҲǸոյϢͿǱôӦˡ
˵ţּӿŲǰߡǸٶ˵䣬ţĺһͬȥȡ뿪
·ϣ滳鿪÷ɿ죬ĺʱʱ⣬س˵飬شģⶪ󶥶һȥ˵ϵĺˮϴ
ȥʲô˧һѡķ
滳ֱֱǰ·óֻĺ룬֮еûѹػʾ룬΢˵ϴǾͰȾ˺ˮ·
ĺһ䣬滳㿪ĳָ˳ƫͷ˵ĺԣ˭عġ
绰ȥʱĺԳ֣˼һ滳Ĺǡ̩۾ûôɹȥִܲԴһ˵飬˵ȥ
ĺһ·ϴȥ绰϶׵֮滳ѾѳͣסСĸսǴ
ȥּ߶֪֮һٻؼһЩýشɷŹ
벻ڼģһطȻҲΣգȴȫĵط滳ỵ̂ʳָָôŷ̱Ե˫Ưһ۴˿żҪǰ֮ɭ䡣
ʱʼסǳ¹õģľһ졣ڣӦþӢû
飬粡ĺںȻ˵һ䣬ֱӽԼֻݸͷ滳飬ĺǵŮѣȥĺǵʱǡˡ뱾Ͳϣײ˵ȻûзŹɡ
滳·ŨصҹɫǵϮЦһ˵ûô򵥡һȨƵˣȨϢ֮ڱ̶ֳȣǸ˵ĻûİţڽĿô˵
粵ڳĹƾ۵ŵ/Ļ˭ڱʩԮ֡
ĺջֻּ֣ȫ
ɸ˵ʹ˸飬ҵʹ߲ͺôΪʲôý˶Ҫȫڳ滳ѵ롭
飬ôЩˣ
ôôûԴ滳鵭ȻһЦ˳Ӵͷһֲһ䣺ֻǰǽ׵ĹعˣôҲǸ˺ܴĴۡôŬø˿Ļǿϧô
ĺ֪粵ıûʲôܹõóֵģΨһõҲ塣
Ƴһ滳רĿĲ°ϰݡ
лҪ˵еС

ʮ

ѰĲֹý滳ĺ, յϢĹ߷㡣ͨӢĵ绰֮һʱ䲦ĺԵĵ绰
߷, æҸɡ
ô滳ڲڣ, 㿴ͷ߷ûĸƤ, ֱ⡣
ðɣô滳ǰ档ĺ, ˣȥҵ·, ӦǱߡ
߷Բ΢, ͬʱҲӿԼĳ, ĺԵҲڹȥǱ߼ɡ
šĺ֪ڲ̸˵ʱ, ֶһ䣺Сĵ, ֪ûǱߣ㵱β͸š߷ĺѹϵǺܶ˶֪ģ˻ӹ߷֡
֪߷˵˱Ҷˡ
һǰһӢڵС, 滳߷໥ͷк˱¥ȥ滳ǰ, ȴЩС
ôŲŻ, 滳һۼľ޳ָǰ¶β־ץסֵֻ, ŲŴ򿪵߽
滳ʱ˿һЩǰȫ¶ġ
۾·ǳǳڣ滳龲۾ĽǵջΪʱ, һȪļ䣬ϴˢһ·ܵĸ
飬߷㣬ôһˣλǡӢӺ洫ĺԺ͹߷ϽŹϡ
̣Ƕ֪飬һ滳΢ӸӢ˵λҵѣĺԡ
ĺЦ߽һЩ˵ãҸ˹ϵܺãĺԾͿˡ˵Żȥס˹߷ͷù߷㲻òɨһ۹ȥ
ӢͰЦЦмֵǣҲ֪ʲôʱȥǸеġˣ̸ȥ˻Ƕ³Էɡ˵ţƳһ滳顣
緢˵Ӣ֪ˣھҲ֪ǵֻ˻Ŷܿ˶ĵطΪԼʲô
衭ͷһֱΪӢʲôʣΪЩ顣һ仹п滳һۣӢѾ֪滳黹ľ
滳ɫƽͣͷ˼ǧذתտ˿ڣ̣ЩҽһͣȻѾµˣҲûбҪˡ
ʱĺԸ߷㼷һ۾ȿ滳ƳһӢ߷ᣬȥסӢ֣̣Ҹĺȥɡ㿴ôˣҪĲô࣬Ҳð㣬֮ǰ˵Ҫʲô˵ô
ĺһüһԼôô߷ԼҺôȺһԼ֣Ǹ˵ġ
úúãǾһȥɡĺûðϲĲ˸̣̼߰סĿζ»غٸӢЦƽӹ滳ǣŵ֡
߷ĺԴӵӢţ˾˶гࡣĺԽһЩȤ˵Ӣ߷ҲŴȤ䣬ٲȻһֵģ
ĺԺ˵˵ô
٣С
ŵĹرʹ˵ֱڼ˳ĬáջһЦס滳飬ôˣ˵Żôæˣ
æˣʱ仹磬һ˵ĻƱ滳ĳƴ
滳˫ֶԼսȹɵĺһһµأԼһͬ
û£飬û¡滳鱳ᰲҷ鲻Ծ̱ܿ߹ˣ·ڰҴΪֻһֱӵ̫绰ҹػˡ
һ˿˿ĲĲ֪￪ʼģֻÿʼΪһ˿ᷳԼݡ
š滳ӦһɿһЩȥ۾һȥǵ˼
䵽ϣǲˣֱٲŷ롣
滳ָĴһָָ⺬Сָ΢飬ҧס
룬̺ܵ㣬ȲȥǱˡһҸɸ˵һ𡣡滳ɫ΢죬ëԼָ롣
ã֪벻Ҫʣ滳ľΪκ˶ı䡣κ˶㹻侲룬ҲԼҵ
ղӢֹǾ仰ʵ֪֮˵ʲô
˵ұţúڼţĽ˾Ҳʹʲôʱƽ˵ǧټƽľӢ½Ҫгˡ
ţģҡ滳ۣỷס룬һ
Ϊ˱ӢͻȻ滳Լֵ˱ˮȻûʵ飬أ
ڳֱܲӴ滳±ڴأԼ
⶯£üʣǸôʱ˸뷨滳ҪŻҲֻ룬û˵ڡ
ˣҲڳƽϢ֮ûؼҷš滳۴Цؿʵ룬ϲǸô
ҡͷ῿滳ļöĵЦң㻭Ҿϲ
׿ԽĻңҲз˿ΪФ񡣿Щ滳ճһһĶҲб滳黭øõģɲб滳ϲġ
滳ļһůӣȥ㣬ûΪ㣿
ж滳֪ģֻļȴΪҲһֱ֪жˡ
ҡҡͷ̧ȥ滳飬۵һ˿滳⧲Ƶڴϡ滳黹ûüӦ㱻ѹ˸ֻס
飬ˣΪʲô˫ֳ࣬Ӹµȥ滳
ţΪʲôȻܲϣͬٴηʲôʽȴܺ档
ǧֵ飬ÿһڶ滳ĲɿƵؼҸаˡҪҸˣҲܸ
滳һ£üۼ䶼ůЦ⣬ϵ˫۽˽ұһЩҧס滳ĶૣˣΪҪģȫ㡣˺ģġ
滳оԼһֻӸҧһڣЩ֣Щ飬ЩЩоںϳһֺĳ嶯ȥЩʲô
ЦЦһֻһ󣬡شҺϲ˵꣬ɫΪ¶ˣҪ粳һЩͷʱʲôʵģ˵ûм鶼ҡ
粣̧ͷһʡ
ţȥƬġ滳չüۣڴϣ߳ƽͣ˰ĵ
ԭеȴֲ⡣
ǿԺõǽãҲԳΪǡѪĳСмۺ죬ȴ粱£ԣץһѱ¡
ʧ滳Ӣ˵£ּģͷһҧҧ룬ҶˣڲһҲˣűˣ
Ի񣬼滳΢죬ܰһʱڣסļͷЦ飬Ȼϲ˵ҲҪôǹңǵҪʽע⡣
滳鱻ôһ˵δӶӵգﻹǰһ˿䡣
㲻Ҫȥ˵ġļͷᣬͶ棬ƽ˵ÿһ仰Ҿ;㹻ˣġöö˵ĻҶμţô
ţԼ̫ϲˡϲͨ־³ʤϲһüͷģϲҪȥһӡ
лҪ˵ԽԽ

ʮ

ĺԺ͹߷, Ӣƽʱͷһô֡ĺߴߴûͣ, ߷ʱʱһ, Ӣ֪εЦҡ˼ͷ
صſڵʱ, ĺԻڵûڽʲôڼҵ˶ãֻ滳ɳϿ, ûʲôĶ
衣վ滳Ҳ
ӢЦųǼ˵Ƕ°, վ, ô߷Ҳǵһ, ĺϤˡ
Ҳ, İɡĺЦеɳһ, һҲģ˳ǣס˹߷ҪҲק¡
߷һʱ䲻֪¶ʲô飬ֻһ, Լһġ
ӢһЦֻĺ, һ·ϸϲƯŮӡ˲Ҫȥ, ͹߷Ծظ˽ȥ
Ȼô, ƺһĵԼԼƮɵ׼
ԷʱĺԻôԾ߷㶼ûаʲôֻżͣٵʱ΢΢Цһ£ûע⵽ʱ, ĸڳƪ۵Ѳ˼н
ɫѾЩ滳һ۴⣬ֻͷӳߴϴּˣ˵һ䣺飬ȡ⼸֮ڴ꣬öЩˣһҪ
Ӣӳ滳һҪģһ£æ˵ǵİɣһطȥ
̣á滳վֹҪߵӢ˳ԼϢ˵Ķˣ밢ҲܵڵżȽ˵꣬Ҳ÷ġ
滳Ӣ۰ģѲµ˿ӢĶʮֽǵġֻǲԸƼ˸ղ̸״һ϶û
Ҷɳϵ滳ٴοڣһ룬һĺԼȥµ粣ǶӦ֪ͣĿɨ༸ˡ
ʲôء߷㻰Щ䣬üͷҲ
С粣Ӣǲŵȿ˿滳飬룬˵ͷ֮Ųòš粣ǸõĳƺǸҲԼĸ׵ĺӣŴ˺ԼŮ
ҾͲ˵ˣĺԾ粶¶ʲôãһһһųﱸҪʱģڱΪѸմ۵㣬ǵصۣһ˵ġ
滳黰䣬ĺԵͷӦʣ߷ʵʲôܰæģ
߷㲻ô漰ȦȻǰﲻʲôæģ滳룬ֽ粵ع֮һ˰ŶĲɷã뿪Ƭ֮ȥҧ˵ͺá
ݺ֤ݻ˵ĻټЩƬܹ黹ģġ粸жԹֻҪЩһųѻղˡ
˵İȾ˺ˮ·һζвͨģ绻һʽϴ塣˵̧֮ۿ˿Ӣӳһ
ãס߷ͷ
ĺһĬĿʱʱӹӢǶ̫͹ˣż滳ĿûκβҲֻоհˡ
飬ղôڻΧ㣬˾ҹҲ˶أҪסҼˡĺüЩУôôû绰鷳
滳һŲ³ĺԵ⣬˲輸ϵˮһˮˮɤɫȸղҪһЩ˵ǲģЩҶܽǿҪһλǲҪ
ôãסӢˣһ˾ôֵ˾֪ĵزһӢ̸ʱ򣬾Ѿ֪ˡ
仰ĺԶӢ̶֪˽һЩƳ̸֮⣬Ѿһ֪ˡ
עǰˣ̸¼䲻ʧ˾ηϣ̽͵ĳȡ滳鴽ԼĻȣֻеһ㹻˰ģֻǿ˵㲻зֺĿ־塣
滳ӢĸŮ֮һֹϢţĺԿó߷Ҳõûã˱һͬǡ
ߵ¥ڣ߷פͷ֪滳ǰ֪ȥ룬Ҳ֪ǽᷢʲô
滳ᵣ˵ĸ¶ڣѣ滳ǰвΪĹϵһĸ׶ȥܡ
Сӣ̫ˡĺԼǰܵסļͷУҸղһֱעⰢ̣˽ж٣ҪΪÿģҾǽ¡
Ӣ̲ϵ侲;֤ݡףͿ滳ŵʱûУҸղ滳˵ʱ̬Ȼ滳Ҳûκη
߷ֻһ۴Լͷ֣ĺ֮ͱѾЩȥˡ
ϸĺԵĻҲȷʵûʲôӢû滳ֳٴ滳Ľ˳һЩ
Ųس˼ţĺЦЦ˵Ƕһĺøۻһ̶Ȱɣʹ˺ʲôͬȴҲԸ˻⡣Сӣ˵Բԣ
ʹ߷ĺзһЩ۵㲻ͬȴܷĺʱһѪȡ
ûüҪ˵ʲôĺԵ־ͻȦסһ˵ķл۵һ̶ȣʹ˺ĹˣٲˣҲõͨһĴˡ滳ǵһǵڶô
ߵݸ߷ΪĺʵʧĻסˡͣ½ŲŤͷĺ޾׵ߡ
ûа취ȥĺԣԼĺԵĽӡ󡣼ʹθԼҲηĺԵĸ飬֪ģµľŵһ졣
ĺԵĸɳһܵõĴڣյԽԽָߡоԾʱɳѾҪ©ˡ
ĺԣ̫ˣҲ̸⣬ô߷㴹ȴûжĺԵ֡
ĺҲ¶һ˿ϲõɫŹ߷㣬һĨЦ𣬵˸С
ãʲôʱ̸̸֮ǰҰġĺץס߷󣬽Լ֮ǰסĴǣСӣϲҵģʲôʱܳһΣ̹̹ظңϲҡ
ӲܵȥһΣĺ߷ĶҲһδӹ߷˵һ仰
򵥵һ仰˵ŨҵڴֻҪ뵽߷˵ﱣŵǼּ¶Ϊ˶
߷վûлشĺԣֻ˫ֶס̽ֵģӳ۵ס
ĺԲ֪߷Ѿĵ׳˶ٴΡʼĺԵоʱĺǷʱҲĺԶ˵Ϧ֡ʱ̫˲ѴӲܽתΪ˵
ĺԵһҪ׹µĿʼԼפȴĺԵȴġ
ĸе־壬־嵽ɷŲһ㣬һ㣬ҲܹӵٶһʱȥĺԵİ顣
лҪ˵Сˣϰ嶼Ҫˣϱû׷

ʮ

滳뾪ȵ, Ӣ滳¡ʱһͰ, ͬӲ֪滳֮һ
ҹ, 滳ȥԼ¥, ϴڴͷ
ۣüͷ, ƺʲôҲܷɵ顣ͷԼ, ĺƽ, ·˯һ, ֻ价ϵ˫֪Ȼš
飬ǲˣĳڶ, ¶𪾫µݡ˵ʱ仹һ˻Ʊ, 󵨵ز²⣬ΪԼôżġ
ֻۣӦô˵滳, üȻ۾ͬ峺׵ˮ, һܵ, ʹҵӡٺ, ҲδԹӦˣûдЩ飬Ϊٶ
ôôңأ֪һˣĺԵıʾȤȤѵΪԼĳֶĥô
, ûС
Цһǹһ˵Ļȣôˣôáʣ
ͷ滳ͷһǣƵ˵벻̫ˣ飬ҪԼ̫ˡÿһ鶼ãҲ۷֮£Ҳǣһ㣬ҵİˣ񡣡
벻Ը⽫滳鿴߸ϣΪƸΪ꣬һˣԸ⽫ϵǿ⻹ǹ滳鶼ֻһŮˣһԼ۰Ůˡ
滳ֱЦЦ۾·ʢһȪˮ㵴סǣˣ֪ұȥһ˰̵ķ䣬Ļ˯ɣҡ
ЩһѾǣ̫Ρ
ܵĹϵӦøӢһ㹻ĵĻӦ鷢չѾΪ¶ǸܹӢĵġ
ӢƺԤϵ滳룬δҪϢļӭ滳֮ʾһ¡
飬ô˯Ӣ˱ˮĿɫºͣ˯ǰһˮԣ̫ܺ࣬ڶ۲ס
滳˫ֽӹˮԼǰĲ輸ϣһŴݵЦ̲ҲûϢô˯ˣ̲Ͱ׵ôˣ
۵Գһ˿˿һЩټ׽̬
ӢЦЦе֣ɫ飬ҿܾܺûôϲһˣһֶһŮĸо
ӢȻһֱֳͰ̬ȣĻȴǵһ˵滳һʱûôӲֻһּͥճж·
̡Ȼˣ滳黹Ǵ㽫ȥ˵壬һ٣ԵȷҹǲˣԭҲ֪߰˳ɡʣһЩΪ֪ģҵǰɧŹ룬ҸʶΪ֪¡
滳黳һ˼˵꣬öûеõӢĻش
صţţӢû̫ĲԾɹһ˿ЦݡѾϤ
Էû¶ߣ滳ҲҶ˵ʲôֻǱɫȥꡣҲ֪˶ãӢи̾˿
̣ҺܱǸ
˷ʥͣ޹ҵ棬Ҷô᲻ֺڰףĿ⣬ͣ滳ϣĳҹɫ
ʱӢһ滳ܿѡ˳Ĭ
ȻӢЦЦʵҲ㣬Ҫлл㡣ڣҲܵĶҪܷ࣬ȻѾԶЩţȴǶһ˵Ӱжء
ȰĿͣ滳һµָϣƵ滳ϣƽ͵Ŀԣ飬չ˺ģԲԣ
滳黹ûü˵ʲôϺɫºڣȴζҲģֻϣܼ֣ĸĸ֪ˣҲҪ׷
һ̣滳һӵһűһˮͷ߳侲зӿžκˣͷ˼ѸٷתţȴԾںֶ²
֪Ӣʲôʱֵģ֪Լʲôط¶˶ߡѾѾĻأӢȻܹ˿뽫ǵʵ鿴˸͸
飬ǲ룬ô֪ģӢվŲ輸˼滳Ҳɳϣͷ֮עŵӢ
Ϊı֡Ų輸滳Ȼ毺õ͸׷䣬վǰ߷Сãºһ۾ֻõ㡣ʲôĸһ˲߷궼벻ָ飬̫ˡ
滳Ȼ˽ʱľٶԼʶػסԼ֡
һʶķӦй¶̫Ķϲһ˻һˣϿԽŲ˵ҲΣֻԤĶڡ
̣ҼȻѡͲһȫġ滳鿴Ӣᶨº͡
Ӣͷ΢Ц߽һЩ̧滳ָ֣ѾǳĽָۼԼӳ
ǺȻʲôЦˣһ̾ϢȴҲҪĲ࣬һעòˣϣҵŮܵõҲϣܵõ飬ҪίԼ
ע滳ĿһĨ۰һ׽ĳԴ顣һٽ滳鿴һˣŮİˣȻҲӦŮ
滳˴һʱ˵۾ȻЩȣҲӭΥɬû뵽ӢһؾȻ˳Ҳ˵벻ԼӢõ൱ĸĹػ
ʱˣӢʧЦˡ
մţͼ￴һۣӢȤ룬ʲôأúõأҵ˵Ұô
滳ЦһѾϣ߹ȥǣס룬ҸѾˣҪȥ˵˯ô
ֻǳˮѣصسġӲֻϵȴûôױܿӢ滳۾
ˣȥ˯ҹĶʲôӢ滳ļ磬ϴߴ˻ط
ȻǶʲô΢ЦӵһҲûб
ֻ滳ӢԼ˵ǻطˣ˯
صķ䣬滳ϴԼȥͱ˸飬˵ʲôˣ
û˵ʲôոսͽˡ̺ܿݣûйңҲûй滳գգۣ§ס΢΢Ц˵
Ǿͺã˯ɡ滳ͷ滳ľ䣬˼Ѱʵλá
룬ǻȥ֮󳣹̰ɡ滳ͷ㡣
ţôͻȻ̧ͷȥ֪滳ôر顣ӢǵȻģֻ滳ר˵ƺԾ
ǣ۵׶Ц⣬˵ΪҺȻ뵽ұǰҪһݣԵȻҪТ˳ˡһסһִֻ»ֱĸܵʵЦ˵ӵĸףȻҲҵĸס
飬֡һ죬رԵý޶屻滳ţдֻ޷ԣʵ
ʶŤ壬޾ĦԽеԾ滳˫ְڻʵ˵룬𶯣ٶҿɾͼˡ
Բٶ滳ǣϷһ䣺Ų̫ˣǻؼȽϺá
ʲôʲôʱˣû滳塣
ֻǶЦй§ס滳һ˫ҲԾؼס滳ȣ滳ҵš
ʲôԼ̫ˣ滳Կ󲻴ǣռ˱˻ˡ
лҪ˵ϰԽԽɫ

ʮ

ĺ滳һڰ, һĺѸٵ粵˽, ҽĳŸϵĨ¼, Լ˽˶Թǰľ½ع⡣
滳, ٿдϯ
дϣʵҹһ, ºȴϵطϣָҹ뿪Ƭ֮ѹ߷ۡ粵Ŀʱ, û˳ָ, Ϊιϵеϧ
º, ۷·Ȼ죬һ˲ת粵ķһʱйгһڴǰ, ˣ, ˽ң۶ᰮȵȴҪôʵҪô, ҡ
ˣһ³׷̡
滳ʱ˵, Ҫ, ҪһЩѵΪĻ, ȵʱϺȻع˽Ƭ
ýҲյ˽Ͷ壬ǽЩƬһ飬ŷԾΪͬһˣ
ڸոƽĺٶͶһžʯ, Ӽ𾪣Ѹٳְܾλϳ͡ʱڹѧõܻعӼϵ
֪ЩϢʱѾǡԡɱ༸֮󡣼дǰĳɹټ޽ܲɷʱҲһʱһߴ޶
ֻٿ粵ţꡣ粷ǿԾˮˮģȴƫƫΪһ֮˺Ҳ֪ϲǱǷڡ
ô룿صӡ滳鱧űʼǱߣĻϻδɵı
һֻһҧ˼ڵƻͷ컨塣һŤͷȥ滳飬ǣ᲻̫ˣڵ粵յ·ǻٵˣҪĿԽΪ㡣
滳̾ѵԷڲ輸ϣֻƻΪȴһ˿˿ذ޶ȷǲЩѾŴ㲻⡣ҪǵãĵʴȾǸһμӺĻᡣ
ɵпȻ˵˵Ĳ˼һ
滳ֻ֮ǰЦ˱֮Żһ˵˼
Цһ£ֻ̧סĲӣÿķ˿Ķ䴵һ飬ʲôʱȥӦɻûءỹãһӦԼġ⡱ûС
΢΢һ²ӣȶȻһסҧŴܿ죬Ұһ鴦á
һߣ߷ﱨƽһ֮ҵ绰ſüţƾơ
ţæûУæһ绰
ţôһֱͨУ㡣
㵽ʲôΪʲôһ绰ôã
ʼ̬º͵ͷ߷㿴óЦһ绰˹ȥ
ʱƾԼװһҪϯȻᣬô˹̶ŮѵȻҪŰ³ϯֻǹ߷Ҳӵ绰ⷳꡣ
ոսͨ㲻õһ䣺߷㣬ղŸ˭绰ôãм¡ԼԹ߷ԽԽ˽⣬ÿʲôһн֪ͨͨ
߷˵ҸղŸص绰ոսܲһֱġ
ƾӸߣĻҩζҲŨһ쵽ôı˵ʲôôûĹңԼжûҴ绰ˣǶûˣ
֮ﻹŮѣƽʱټ˵Ϧʱ򶼾ܾԼڱЦòŮѣδ棿
ҵѣҹǡ
ˣ˵ЩеûġƾǲͷشֽԼմõ˳ʵҲμһۻᣬҴɫװ㿴Ŵ䣬ȥ㡣
߷ûһ˼Цڴߣ˵Ҳȥ
˵ʲôƾƳֽüͷšһ֣һʱʱĲбÿֶŭ𣬡߷㣬㻹֪ҵŮôƽʱԼ㲻ãϦԼҲԡǽǾۻᣬÿ˶ŻŮȥ㲻ȥķţ
ʹûӲŮˣ˵Ҫ飬ҲڵˣʲôٴӦƽøԴİƵġ
߷ָļеı߽ǣ۵ζþòЦһƣҼҰɡᣬղŲͬƾûع
ƣֽһ
ղ˵ʲôƾһʱЩӦ߷ԼԼȥסһζûйһζŵԽ롣
˵߷㻹ǱԴ͵ƾֻʮòҡ
߷û˵ʲôȴеܳġȻԼιϵдڱƵһǱ߷䵭Դ˵һ˲ĸܵһĸо
ûаѾϣֻ˵Ů岻ܵΪɶ˳˵ʹԳϯҲ׬˺˵
ȥ߷סʱ򣬹߷Űɫϥȹ˿Ĳسֳġɫֱ˳ɢ󣬼ƷڼͷЩŮǰҫۣĹȴ־á
ţҾ֪㲻ô飬ǲˣҿж롭
չţƾƾȲ§ס߷תȥӣĳغš
߷ֻÿ֣תȥƾɻ𴽽Цһ£ЦԵĳΪϴôƾƣˡ
ǹЦݣ˵Ļȴ˲ͲƾƸ뵽ܾͬϯ͵绰۾˲ʱѹ˿籩һ㣬ÿ¡
߷㣬һֱˣңţΪҷҪͬⲻɣ߽һǯס°ͣ׵ָ˿õԼŭ
߷㱣΢ЦȴƽڿСһؿ
ƾƶǵ۾ͨѹнѪı壬һЦŲھͿ㣬㴫˳ȥҲӦġ֮ǵĻڹƾ͸ˣҿܾˡ
߷üһķ̸أƾƵɫҲԽԽ䡣չȥҪǹ߷ʱɫĴŻϣƾƣ֮ǰ㼸¡һⷿкüͷ
˵ƾƴ˸飬ʱһ߷㣬ôңҵһ
ǻŭȴⷢйȭͷǰӶô벻߷ʲôѿֻΪ˾ܾܾԼĴ٣αػҪһ٣
ûף߷ЦݱùЩûڶǷ֡
Цţȴ˿仰ĵײ˲֪ãһ΢ҲȷʶΪһҪɵ룬ᣬƺЩᣬ˵ȴƾƴδĻ
߷㣬Цⲻܡƾ귴ЦˣɫЩţȻûж飬ǻԼѾҶģ˶֪ƾδš֣ͬôҰͬô㻹ʵһɡ
߷򾲵ޱ棬·ץƣֿʼԳģ
ô߷ǳһЦ°һָ輸ϵļУȿһǸ˵
ʲôƾ߹ȥɻ˫˲һգգļе˫΢
߷º͵ǰʮҳȷϵ֮ĳܵǧھƵ꿪Ƭ¼ʮҳǽ֮ŮȵƬҳͨ¼
·ħƾƶߣĶͷѾ߳һ㺹飬ղϬѾ
߷㣬ЩʲôǺö˶˵ģҪЩʲôװҪֵҪǿ˫ļֽţҵȥ˺
Щųȥᷢʲôǵ߷ĻԼᱻȡصĺںšԲУԲС
ס߷㣬󣬡߷㣬ţǲ֣ʲôģǲҪЩòãҶġ
ƾƣΪڸô߷ڻΪУƾƵ˫ۣȥš
ŴνƵޣΰԸԺǴδȥġĸ֮ҪӵģԸЩҪ˫ҳϵĳ̶ϡ
ƾƲʣҲȻ塣ιϵٲֹʱ
ƾƼʧǵߣļ򶼿ڹ߷ߵ߷㣬㣬ҲԣǸղЩܲܲҪñ˿رҰ裬ˡ
շε˴˿ɥ֮Ȯҡβֻǹ߷᲻һ֮ģҰһֽƳȥ̹š
ءŷƵ߷תƽŵذϱ˺صֽƬߣƾ͸Լĺ߷㣡㿪˵߷㣡
ֽƬϴĿӳ߷˱ۣʰ
һмʮʱҪ룬һֻôһ˲
ȥ룬ÿһ춼Ҫȥһദһʼͳ˲ų⣬ȥʮ죬ǧʮ죬졣ĥΪʲô
лҪ˵˷

ʮ

ô, ߷ôø֪һ, ƾƱȻǲͶ, ڶ˰һ˼ҡ
Ź϶, ˸绰ʱ뻹û𴲣ڱ, ͷ𶯵ֻ
΢ۿʾءţһ
߷˷, , 㻹û𴲣ⶼˡǲ̫һ㣿˯ȻѰ
, ˯һ㣬һء뷭˸, ֻڲ, ȥһ˿ϸһϸס
滳ڴͷôűʼǱ, оԼٶȦһ, û˵
˯һ㡭
߷ԼĶͷ, һɤ˵տ쵽, ôôҸҪ滳˹
궼ǹ߷ӢһգҲûôģֻǾһԸǰԼһȥ漸졣滳, ߷ǰʣĻ͵ǰ׼һ¡
ԣھͽϣҵ˵˼͵ѹæס죬͵͵һ滳ר־װԺǸ߷㣬㷢Ϣ˵һҪ˯ˡ
߷ֻù˵绰ǱװûƵİҰֻ
á滳һüѲϵֻÿղŸ߷˵˰֮ȻͣٵĻһ޵Ц
˵绰뵽Ҫع˼ң߷ֻĺԵãվûаȥ
ݵʱȥ˼ң£Ҳûעʲô˼ŲԼ
֣Ҹ߷һôãȶҲȶˡҪװ߷ɸң㿴ô
Ϊ˵ˣƾƵڹ߷һڵζű̲סЦ˹
߷㣬ˣҸ軹û緹Ҳһɡվ鿴ƾƵĽΪ⡣
ƾƼ߷ʶһ£Ѹٻָվ߹ȥס߷֣ţҸղŸ˶飬ûзԵ˼㿴ʲôʱʣһ߳Աġ
߳Աģ߷ЦЦƳһ۹򺣵ķ򣬹ûзԡӣԼû֮ǰѾ̸˲ʱ
ƾƱζһۿͷץֶֻᷢù߷ԴʼһһǰϤģĹĮȴİ캷
֣ǼʲôʱôˣݣǼҳԼҳˣδ̫ˡ߷ﴽǣ˦ƾƵֱ֣ߵߣ̬ŵɳϡ
һپԣƾƵһɫɻ
ɫһصɳϣŤͷȥ߷㣬߷㣬ô£ʲô̯˵
ӣ򺣻жƾʲô¡
򺣶˵ȫΣŵŮԸһԼӲŽδŮܹûг׷ģųٳû£ֻŮľ
ƾù߷̯˵ȥ͵ģֻҸ߷㳳˶ѣûü壬һҺúø˵
ô£վüԼŮʲôӵԼ֪ܲô߷ĵʲôŭҲ˽ѰԼ˵
οֻŮ֮£߷ûбҪˣȻⲻʲôС¡
ûƾ˵ʲô߷˹óԼֻһҳ棬²֮Թ˵֣ɡ
ֱƾƹ߷ҪųĲʲôĶŵҪֹɶϹĿ֮˶
߷㣬һֱˣңţΪҷҪͬⲻɣŲھͿ㣬㴫˳ȥҲӦġ֮ǵĻڹƾ͸ˣҿܾˡ
ƾƵֻƮǵͳдԵ˿ȴ絼߱ȼһ㡰ꡱ졣
һʱĬÿһڵ϶ܹõ
򺣵ɫǰδеŭסƾɷ׵Ȼһڲ輸ϣžһµ̴ľ輸Ƶ졣
˭ҽʲô˼סʹͺ۾ȴƾϡ
ԼŮвܲգҪԸطϵֻҪ뵽ͻڷץסһӾƾңմɵıӡ۵ڵذϣƾ˿δ
ƾƣ˵򺣸ɴվߵǰҪ˫ӣ߷æֹм䡣
֣侲ҽҪģҰѻ˵ꡣ߷˫ס򺣣ôһ˵ŭе˫һۣΰסֱۣ۵͸¶ּᶨ
ҸƾǾԲܵˡ߷㳢ֹ֣ûٶŰ߻ɳѰ۵ֽóͬһΪǸ涼ʣһԭܲǡЩ飬Ҳȥ
ϸڲ輸ϣƾۼ⣬Ѿ˶ԼƬйһϵգŲ˼
ôȫ߷ƽһ㣬һ㣬ԼĶߣֺαȥұŮ⣿˭ԸԼŮమһжǹ߷Ƴģʲôϵ
ģٲ˸ղŵΨΨŵŵ˿̷·ﷸһЦټķԵüΪɲ
ǰץס򺣵·۾ͨһƬŮаҵôаҵδôûУûУ˵Ҫ飬Ҫôҵİˣһţһ¶Уô죿ô죡
׹ȥ߷޼ҪôܻЩŮйϵ
νһ£ô
һ͵ŮӲԶ˾ĿȥΤѩ¥ݷվڶ¥һ¥ĹսǴߡ
衣߷ֱӣӿټᡣ
ƾƵ˫һӽѿһ
ҲǸϹŶͶҪʲôҹܲšΤѩջĿһһ¥ü΢ٶȥѭڣڻҲǲ߷ܾϵΪɣв֮£㻹ǵõôӦǣӦĸĸô
򺣵ŭͱΤѩһϯ仯˴룬ʣµıŮ߼Τѩߣ§סļͷ˵˵ҪúöŮŮ˵һԲ˵
Τѩŭһۣĵ֣ܲǵôأʲô죿
߷üҶһ£ȻΤѩΣ˵Ȱˣϼˡ
ƾս˫ȭ۾Ѫ˿鲼ȴѹž޴һһǴм֣裬Ҵˣٸһλɡ
Դӹϵ֮󣬹߷ѽԷĸԼĸĸֻƾôһУһŨҵĲڼ֮Ѹܡ
Τѩ΢΢һЦߵ߷࣬ǲ輸ֽšס߷˫֣ϸ߷㣬ίˣЩ͸ø߰ˡԼһ˱ҪЩȥһΪ趼ʯĳôǵҪ޸ɣ
ȻΪǣߴţôʱڵһ𰸡ͬ赱Ȼͬ⣬ҪǲϲˣѲɰ軹Ҫȥ͸ɣ
߷ֻãΤѩᰵĻƺȵҺʣſڣȴֻ˵һ֣衭
ᵽ˲ͬѰϢæƾƣֻ˿̵ɫͬѸٱֱ䣬ס
ûҪʲôΤѩתͷɫƾƣ˵򺣣ͿͰɡɷջŰݷĸĸһһذɡ
߹ȥƾŤ˸ƣĽŲģȫǱƳ⡣ֱعϣŷӦǱ˼˸ϳˣ
衭߷ǽΤѩһǵ߻ĸס
ôȥ˵ǹ˼ҴͲܣǸƼҹϵѣΤѩ۵ͷʾȥ輸ϵֽţӦô룬Աµ飬̫ˡֲίҸֵԸΡ
߷û뵽õĽΤѩᰴȰĿеȻὫĸԸߵȫΤѩÿһֻƬ͸¶ĹС
裬Ϊǲͬ⡭۾ˮģһƬҪǰӡ
ɵӣ㲻˵ô֪ΤѩֺֺЦȥĨᣬҺǣΪԸһǾͰδŮŮǰӦϲһ𣬲ôϲȻǲƵġǮеǣҪŮ
˵öԣǶöΪ㣬һˣȻҲͲŮˡҪô˵ŮаأŮֻиŮǰأûŮһŮͰӣأҲȰοסΤѩᰵļͷ
߷ΪΤѩһ䡰ǮеǡֳץסΤѩĨ߬֣裬лл
ϸ뵽ôƾƺĻ£Τѩǻȹ壬飬βŵƾƵ顣
Ⱥ˳ͱʾΤѩ᰺͹򺣵ĿУһҪһЩ
Ĺ߷ĿЯȥĸĸ͸òüӲˡߵ΢Ц䵭ģȴ£վж˳õ¡
ţҾôˣ߷㲻ǻô϶Ե㣬óӲˡ
϶ҸŮٽ⣿㲻֪ŮҪô
лҪ˵Сʵ˫ģΪ֮ĿǸࣨμ滳ǰ˵ĸ֪һ㡣
ڸĸߵĻǰƾƵʵڴõģӻͷټТ˳֡Թ˼ҸĸȻǣߴţأ͵Ů
ǡŮΪͥ룬γ˫⡣
ΪʲôһʼȰ˵߷㣬ΪСӴĶУףǰѣƾƣΪһЩ

ʮ

ͬɽȪˮƽ, վƽȻ١
滳ϰǰһĳ, ˰ֱӻȥԼӢӢ, Ͼͷһ겻ڼҹ, ﻹЩ
Ӣһʱһ볤, һͼСײˡ򵥵ʽȴ겻, Ծˡ
, ˡվߵӢ, ˫ֽӹ̵Ȱʵÿն棬֪ġ
ÿؼ, ӢҪϸһ, 㵽ʳСԵģҲ룬ӲΪؾסеʡ
֪ɲСӢЦЦ, ºַԼţһĸֻĶѵģЩʲôôģ
ͷŴЦЦ, Ӣ鷢쵽, ʵҿ滳ʰ, ˣǲҪؼˣ
뵽Ҫദ뷨Щ˸̧ӦţҲס̫, Щ˼
Ӣζܿû֪滳ĸ飬ȻҲ²⵽һ֮һգȻҪ˵ദֻһʱҪ롣
룬ϲôӢһʣ̽ʲôӣоֻʳ
ţ˺ܺáˣҲҶ˵ʲôֻ΢΢Цһ¡
ӢģﲻЩЦ룬Ҫж谵ʾԼİ飬ҪԼ׿̹ס
ˣ˵ˡɣһҪˡӢѿӵݸߴ
ӽӹӣƵؽһ߳һߵ˵ųС룬ֳ˳Ӣ½ǣüԥ
ţ
裬һֽǣ΢ԳԼ
һѣ߷㣿Ӣһʵӡ
ţǣǻ顣뻹ʵ˵ˡ
ӢȻһЦ뿴ȴͬģȸԾЩȥˣ
ȥ㡣ӢΪŤͷǰĳٶ쵽ĺףЦִߴһ䡣
̲סֿЦתͷȥ°ɨ
ʱڼӢһŵʱŸ滳˵绰滳ȵʢԼȻ˰һȥ
õԸһ¥ӭ룬Ȼī滳òڵȻܹһϳ
滳ʢܲİ칫ұİ칫ռҪö࣬װԼ跽ҲҪݻöࡣ
һ칫ұվ滳顣ժīӭشĴƬ⣬滳ΪŹӰֻԼõ˫΢̵Ĵǡ
ȻǶȿǹâ·滳ϷԣǴŶĿĹԡĹâһʱңԶɴܹϴȴ޷õ̫
滳ƽ˵ĸоһ㣬˽жܱûܿһ޷̫
뱻Լ뷨һ£ͷʹЦЦЩ뷨׳С
룬ôˣЦʲô滳˫ֱЦ⣬߽
߶ʱ΢΢ķԵϸҡͷЦ˫ʱסûʲôֻǺȻã̫
ţ̫
ԣ̫۾ů⣬Ϻڷ⣬̫һҫۣâɣ̲סҪȥ㡣ǣ̫İ˵˵͵Ե滳ͷ
˵ʲô滳Цһ䣬ŵɿλס룬ѹԼֱ˵ǻѹܣԺ
˵ܵôΪ̫ģٶ˵ʲôʱ򶼴ֿɼοҴΪ̫ǣҲֻůģ̵Ҫ֡
ʽ룬ܱôôģǰֻ滳ѡû̫฽ԣ̫ҲһſԱ봥õ̫ȶ㹻ů
ֻůǽճɻҽ
̧ͷģЦһϸ룬ĵȴò˼飬ԼεºܣȻܹ滳˵Ļ
֪ˣҸղſЦģϡḧıǵز˲գҪæĻȥæɣԼιһİ칫ҡ
š滳ſ̧һȦ㿴ϢҲԽȥ˾˯һǱš
ϿȥÆ¡Ť˸칫Ǳƣȵ°칫ſʼ칫ҡ
ΪطԼµĲֿ͹Գռصơİ칫ǻ͵һǣҲ͸ɼڷ鼮
뾡ŲԼĽŲӰ滳칫ϢҵţĿռҪСܶ࣬ŸԼķСϷеĶҲС
ʱ벻ò︹滳ȻǮˣʲôط·ţҶģȥĶôֶࡣ
ƷȻڷ룬Ȼ滳ʱϢʱߵһЩֽ΢ɢҡ䴽ǣԷظ滳ʰ
Ҳ֪˶ãڽ¹װװʱϢҵȻ򿪡滳ŲỺ˫Ҫס۾ָյ࣬ȴùˣѧˡ
滳鲻˼һջ֣룬ʲô
ʰеҡùֻֽ˷ŻȥҲô·Ȼ൫ǷźҲ㡭һ·ϹŻͷæˣ
š滳ͷֽ˵Ϣһ㲻˽һԼķ˽ȥסڹ⻪ԷʱҲˣҲǸջȥʱһΣ󷿼䶼Լ𣬻Ӷ˽ȥ
һӦڴ˿滳ܴŵĲֻס峺ʣˮºͣ룬տ֡
滳˵仰ԸоӶػͷ۾ľȺϲ滳һӲ֪Ǻá
Ϊ㲻֪ġ˵ֻܹ滳һѾǽôصˡڽֻҪ滳һͺãҪصȥա
㲻ǵõǵʶôǰ֪˺ܶ顭滳Цһ˿ľȣطӦ˵ǵʶΪǷϡΪҲżա
һֻЦ⣬ĪӿһɼСŽʱ仹㰵ѹǹɸо
׽ס֣г΢ЦģˣϢ滳ϣ־ᣬɫ׽ֻ֪벻ģûġϾͻȥصǵļֻˣʲôʲô
⻰İʾ̫ԣ滳һ±ʶشЦ
ֻһ˲滳ЦתЩζ룬°͵ڼͷϷʣҶ֪ҵ뾹ȻôͶˣӽθڻܺãҲԵñƽʱҪ࣬ǲǣ
ϰ߱ˣһʱ侹ԺиЩƬΣ滳飬ǡ̫ˡ
滳ȴǵóѺǳһЦͷϸʱ仹ţһһ㲻źա룬Ӧûϲġ
ֻǵһնѣкܶܶ꣬Ҳÿһ궼ȹȥһҪƽࡣʱ̫ޣҲԸȥ̫ණֻҪһ͹ˡ
лҪ˵ϰҪ飬׼

ڰʮ

滳ʱ˰, ĳӿع⻪ԷȻԼרŵͨµͣ, ͬһȥ
븺滳ûط, 滳ŸʳĽ˳ʱı׼滳, пڳſڣüš
, ͲϵΧȹô뱧˫ʣΪ滳ٽ, ÿνȥܷ˲ϲϵΧȹ
滳˼, ͷҲص˵
Ϊʲôֱ߽, °͸ĺ󾱣Ц»ʢִܲ, ţ
滳ͷָҪͷһ, ۾ģ£Ϊָһε˵ҡ
ŶûסЦһ, תȥΧȹ滳ͷԼ, ȻסԼϵá
ˡɿ, µش, ǺƯܰܡŮζǶ˶滳˿˫־ǰΧȹĸ
ʵں뿴滳⸱³ģ, ʱ˳ᢵ侲ѵЭܲռռˣҲֻԼõѡ
ȥ滳һֻۣǶƺ΢΢
ȥͳȥҵĴ͡˫Ц滳ӡǣҵȾˣҿɶء΢һ仰ȻڻӦڰ칫ʱ滳Ϸʡ
˵ǳȥվűߣĿע滳ıӰ޳ӰسŮԵɣ滳ŴŮҪӵеĶͬʱҲӵŴŮ޷ﵽĲΡ
ÿÿ滳飬Ҫӵȥȥϧȥ˽вΪ֪һСҲҪΪǿʱĶΪʱĿףҪŬȥ
滳ǸܵõߵģĿƵزԼϣÿԼתܲ׽רעĿ⡣ֻǲ֪һһĿЩ
ԵʮֹأǶŹͬʶų겻Щµʱֵڴ
滳ϴҪȥʱס첲˵˫͸Щصζ˵룬ϴ֮¥ݿڶһ䣬֮ǰûиܹһߡ
ǵЩ䣬滳鵱ʱÿ򶼴˵ˣֻʣһߵķûи߹Լʲôõġû뵽滳龹ȻҲǹţǽҪ飬ʲôҪҪȥǸ䣿
ΪʲôǷͷɫЩԾ
滳һ뵽ʲôɫҲһֽס𴽽ǣϸ˵Ǹҵľͺãϴж㿴
ɻ滳ǳЦ뿪䣬ܾ滳ƺ׼ʲôΪʲôҪյأ
˼ˣϴõʱʱҪЩ˯۱ŲҴ뿪䡣Ǹŷ©ɫĹʱȻһʱ䲻ƿš
ֻĽŲͱŵź滳ţһŷƮ룬۾
滳Ӱڵסŷ죬Ŵ򿪡رۣһ˿Ц飬Ҫʲô˵ûеõ滳ĻӦֻԼֱǣǰߣüͷһ壬оƺ߽˷䡣
飿
ԼվΧûϰĿյأһֻС죬ûʲôǰȴ滳塣滳ûгۣȻţй͸룬Ծק滳·
滳齫ת˸һЦӵסţڿˡ
볢ۣͼ͹ȻĶʧֻڿǰһĻʱ˫۱ٲñǰǻⷿķǽĻ
Ϥ»滳ֻס°͸ļͷ۵һ̣۵׵һ˲ּἫߵ˵룬տ֡
ĿڵһϣճһվϷ¥ǰŹװòŮӣɫͣڷ䡣ΪԼǰڣһƮݵġ桱֡
飬ǡ۽һȣе̼ӿͷͷȥֻ滳Ĵǣˡ
Ǹʶʱ򻭵ġҵʱûʲô뷨ֻܵƬңҾúһʱͻ˳滳Ķͷḧ޽ǡ
Ц𽥷ŴƳ˵ڶԼǰüĿº͵Ŀģɻڶʲôʱ飿ҼǵõʱûǰġһڣǸղǸĺһѡ
滳һֻ֣΢΢һЦ̧ȥٴλͷıӣûУѲɲô
ָıǼ⻬ǣĦϸҼǵ鷿кܶ飬Ȼ뵽㿴ʱӣáǸкǿңǰһ
ۿһȣ۽ȴˣһỬǸʱ滳Ż˺ܶʱȥ˼ӦȥôǶѵĻӦôȥһΪڸ
ǸʱԼڹ֮ΨһܹȥΪ˶ŵһɡ
飬Ǹʱ㾭뵽ô˫߬滳½ǣۿỨƺһգ۱¡
滳°͵Ķͷʵһĳȣȴ˿˿Ƶ飬ţǸʱҾúҡҲ֪Ӧô죬ȫȫԴĻĴûᷢ顣Եʱǰʵ״ҼȲܹϣֲѶϡ
ҸദǼΣÿһζԲټ棬ֱҷֺÿһҶҪһΡʼΪ˽⣬Щνɣԭǲ֪ʲôʱͨͨʧˡ
ҿʼԼϲ˵ϲڼҵʱ˵ӣҲϲ͵͵ҵϲС۲ҵϲŭϲҲԸȥˡ
󼸾䣬滳͸ЩĶƣؿۿͨ죬ˮʪ½
кܶ໰ĺҪУȴվǽ־ļǧ飬滳ߣ飬ϲģҪģȫġỷס滳飬ᣬ㿴ġ
滳ܾÿһʱԼĵʱ˫Цһû˵
ӵƣĻԼԶߵģҲԼӵü˳۵ģƬϷӡ
뵽Ϸôʱ滳鿴ջ֣ɿһЩס滳ۿᣬЦʵôôϷʱӣ͵ô
滳ҡͷܽҷģҾϰʱ򶼻յƬ˵ʲôһЦгԷģϢģ͵Ϸġкܶܶ࣬һûлꡣ
սһЩͷ֣۾ϸĹڳһǾеʱ䣬㻭㲻ԸٻҶ㡭˵꣬滳̧סĴղŻֵࡣ
Ҫ˵ĻҲϲ滳һü˻Ǻ黰ȴԸȥδȥ֮δĳһǷ䡣
뵽ȥˣ˴ǣֽ̧΢ЦԳһŤ΢Цҵ˼ǵˣͲԸ⻭ˣ˭ԸŸ̫Żûꣿ
뵭Ц滳һ˲һüۣԸ⡣˶٣ֽϸͷ쵽˵ҳü꣬ҪȥҲӦǰֻϣʱ˼ܹ࿴źá
ȥȻҲᡣҪȥԲ⡣
̲סЦӦҼҵ̫̫һ̫̫Ưģʺã㳡Ҳһģġ˵ǸŴҪЦ
滳鵹ûգֻ̧ͷʵ룬ﻹϲô
Ц滳濴ټĿ
ҧһ滳Ĵɫ󣬡ϲ滳ųĿĹʣЦЦ飬㻭ôңϷǵңҲʵҡǡϲһң
һ˲˲Ψִ滳κһϸ΢顣
ֻ滳鱾ǵüǳЦ£ԭ§ֻȴǽֽ
ЦĴŲĶߣһȴ̾𣬽šˮỺ͵ĻԵ㣬ϲġǰ㲻Ҫ̣һ㲻ҪǣҪľϲң͹ˡ
ͷĸᱡ˯۰ס滳ıͷ滳һǳҫ۶Ŀ
飬Ҿãҵﻹһˡֿʼ滳ĺ󱳻ĦָҪӹ䡣
룬㡭滳ߺѸԾ˼
Ȼٶʱ仺ͣĻ־뿪仭ҡŲһصｫһأ滳̾ͱѹ˴ϣеԼ
ȶٵĺ滳Ĳ䣬ؿЦرҧסԼ´
ֻעãüۣǵĶԣõԸϸ飬һΣǲǿԲˣ
滳۽޲оЩСͷؾû˽ʣЩ֡˫ֻסĲӣǣһĨǳЦ˵أ
ʱѾò԰ϵؽӡĶͷ϶£ָ˯̽ͬʱס˻ȵĴ
лҪ˵˵õĲ⣬Ƿ֮

ڰʮһ

µ׺Ȼӭһ, б˽һڡ
Դӡԡɱֻ֮żϯһЩֽĿ, ʱ䶼ڼ滳ʱҲֱӷڼ, ӰȻ֮١
֮ʹ滳, Ǽ仭ʲôʱõġ滳ǳЦֻ˵ԭԼСĻ, ڰŲ˸ڵշ䣬רԼΪ
¸ͣ, 滳վشǰüŵ绰, Ҳ֪ǲ©˷, ų˸硣մ鷿״æһð, һ׻߹ȥ
ӿ칤̽Ȱ, ͲӦС̫ͣáϾһⶼֱӰ̡滳üͷ⣬ֻú΢
ҪԵѹ, ŵһֱֻůǣ뽫ʢŰ뱭ðıӷ
ȵ¶ȴĴ͸, , û뵽ֶֻռõ¸ôк, һס
绰ƺ˵ʲô滳üͷֽɫĴҲţ˵ʹ￪ʼҪȱԽԽԶǱЧʵͬʱҲҪ֤, ҪΪЧʶǵĿڱ
ҵشһ˿϶ǴﴵġѴӹʵͷ滳黹ǸƣҡͷεЦЦ̧״ʾȸð顣
ڷչµ滳ǳǳһЦѺһڸð顣΢Һӿǻʺס˺
ȥգĴָ˸ơ
滳ûҪ绰ļŽŲ˷䣬ص鷿Ÿղδõļ滳ʱæὫļһţһҵʱûô̷ÿһЩʱļϰߡ
ɵʱ滳Žü߽ӲϢ§ס°͸ͷϷʣСò绨˵ͻݡߣҹ顭
Ц˵Щ/µĻ뾹һζȵϢ黰֦ͬöĺ
ȥ̿飬ôǳǲŽô
ѵֻн𣿶Ǽûǡ滳һüңһӡ
Ǿ͵͵ˣʱûôҡ빴𴽽¶Цҳǲ͵ˡ˵žǰһ㣬滳飬ֻȴ滳ա
Ҫ˵Եؿһͷ֮˲ʱ˸ɾ
飬ǲǺܣղǱðôĸıüС컹ûиðǿǴ磬һ
滳ҡҡͷŴ΢Ц˵ˣСðѣ̫ġӦϿյ¶ȵһ㣬߾Ϳˡ̺ǿԵ˭֪ԽԽͲס
ãһҪȥҩ㣬ղҿҩðҩûжˡ뻹ǲģŰճҩһЩԱʱ֮衣
˵㡣滳ЦŴȤ̧ȥ鷿Ĵӣһʵ룬ǳȥߺòãȻ˶գطϾɫˣоɫȻҲʤա
뵱ȻǲͬģһڻؾСͷһ۴꣬ɫһᣬüͷɽ壬Ѿðˣ滹꣬һô죿
滳գգۣˮ󣬱棬ץס˫֣Ҵ׳ȥġиطȥģûָоˡȥһòã
ȥɡεطôû滳ôƫƫûǳ޷ľܾܾþܾǷ˼˵
Ϊ˷ֹ滳꣬Ҫ˷ֿɡ滳ֻ֣һ㹻ģܹ֤治ᱻʪ
ˣ߰ɡֳɡס滳ļͷϸز鿴ûױʪ
滳׺ЦסԼͷ˫ְ˵ã˴ǰߣԶĵطһ˹ȥ
ѭ滳ԸǳǰȥĻͬһ㽫ǰܿеķ·ˣˣ
˲֪ٷӣ滳ĿԶ˵ҸոʮʱͰ˱ķͿǺܶʱҶԼšһ죬ҷһ˹ҲѧϰȥұҪԵʱϲ
תͷȥƽҲûԹŻأûзʲôģ
滳ϸˣ˵ûУʼֻǵϲطΪһ졭˵ŤͷһЦߴٵǿߣٹһͣˡ
Ϊϲŭɫʱ˲²͸˼ڸոʶʱ
飬ܹǶЩҲܴвµ飬ȸԾٵ̲סҪȥǨ͡
⻪ԷȷʵһС˹˽һͬġ
ⳡ·ضһ㱡ɴͬɾ翡һʯţľ߹ŵϢΪϹ⻪Է彨
һӾϲط̤ʱϦʱ滳ضȹǸҹǵãǸطҲһš
룬㿴طʱǲǺȻƽʱľɫѾʮϲƫƫʱϲġ滳ЦԶǵŵȴ续ķ羰ԡ
ϲĻǳɣô㶼ûԼ׼ס滳ϲĶΪֳܹϲ˻ﲢࡣڸϵԼ֮⣬ûرϲġ
滳ŤͷһüЦЦģҽôҲСŮˣĺӹƶýҰˡ
ֽ˽ɡ滳ǣס֣˵׽ڻɫᣬ飬Ҳϲ㣬ҲûиһΪҿܽ顣һӦøһģǰϲ׽ˣǰ
΢΢ͣ٣żⴹ滳ĶͷҳϲϲΪϲ㣬ҶҪȥ˽⣬ʹĳˣҶΪεҲ᲻ϲĲֻǣĽҲϲúܡ
˵ŵ͵Цһ滳麬ЦۡĽëţʱоԼĺһ˫ȦǰҲؿ˹ȥ˵ʲô߽ߵϸ룬һʱһؼҼɡ
̼䣬·һ̻ʢţѤ
һĨЦҧҧţ飬㲻ôǿܲͬġͬ⣬Ҫô죿
滳ЦЦסҪȥĳ嶯ֻ˵Ȼ£ΪҶίˡûйľ飬ҪúӦôȥ˵ôðӦҰҵӭȢؼҡߣҼ޸
滳ɣɡҲо߳˺ֻȴǽŨŨϲɬӭ滳ԽĿ⣬΢΢˫۴սһЩ
ȵȣ룬Ҹðˡ滳æջһֻסԼͣƵشָ
۵Цӿְ̧滳סģҲ±ȾһؼҸһȸð顣ǳסһܲܲˡ뵣ԸԳס滳Ĵ
òײסֱ滳һ̾ڱ˫˫ٶٿܡ
껹ţɡȴƺⱻϮĴȦһ徻֮ءХķֵֻдĲƶʡ
лҪ˵ûᵽһҪϢ

ڰʮ

滳ĸðֱʮ³źõò, Ϊְһ, ϸѿŻʳ, ʳͻ嵭Ϊ
ֱð, ţŻ硣֮ǰ滳һϲ߷ţţһֱҲûܸ, ɴҲͳʱԿԼܲ滳ۡ
뱾վͲʹûмţ, չ, Ȼûֵ̫޵ĵطο滳, ûѾ¶ڴ顣
飬˰, ûгԺҪңƵԼǿ黹ʣСţ, ̧Ƴ滳һۡ
滳һ˼ǣ︡Ц⣬µ, ΢΢۵պãȱţⱾ, סһ㵭ζ, 㡭
üһ, һᣬһһּӵһ㡣
滳ԣƺһ꣬һɣóԡ
ϵĵ水һСţ, ĥš˵ô˵ӣ
㲻ýӵôҾӵҲܱҵĸܵģ֡滳ⶥڷ˫ֱ°ͣüҡ
ϲͺãҸղŻڻԼղãϾûôţšԺһЩӦþպˡЦһһкõţݵߣζؿסӰǿҧ
ĴΪڽ֭ԵЩ󣬳Ŷģ⡣Ļǻȸˣշеʱ䡣
ʣµĳ滳ȥɢҲ˼滳ȥ벻⣬ʵǲɢôΪʲôȥȡ
滳סĵ˫ĹȥһˣǰԼһȥҲܳʱûȥˡ
ӡУ滳Ǽ޹ؽҪ˻µģԼǱȻһλˡȻˣҲ滳ˡ
ֻǵ滳ӳƳһոµгʱءֱʵгȥôҲ̫ᡣǵԼгѧʱûмΣȻ֪ܼܲԦס
û滳˵ʲôַˣֻһ
ԣ档滳üһʮŵģǵҲЩ滳гûء
滳ȥ˺˫Ծ§ס滳ǰ߹һЦϸĶǳƮﵽУǾͳ
ҧŴ滳ĺ󱳣滳ɢڱڷܰһʱǻ˫ֻۣЩӦˡ
ǰһЦڿʼнƽּ̹Сϡ⻪ԷԾɫеÿԶдеСǲټġ
ͳԵ磬ʱεϦǲã·ҪʣĹڳ׹ǰɢ͸Ҷķ϶£ӰӰ´£ôеȾһʲȥĽ⡣
飬Ҫȥסڸôջһֻ֣滳鱳һƷ˿սϸš
š滳΢ȾºͼˣƮĶУһ͵Ị̇ҺܾûȥˣǱߵľ¥
滳˵ľΪԶڵסַǸ˾һЩ˾ֱӶˡ
ʹˣ۾̫á滳ųƳЦ㲻̫ţ˺ܺãһҾͿˡ
ŴЦЦ滳ĺ󱳣ᡰšһ
滳ھ¥¥ͣгһ¥߱߸룺һ¥ȽϽ뻨ʱ٣԰סټʹ˲㣬Ҳסһ¥
ȷʵȽϷ㡣ͷһͣ룬飬һߣ
滳ȻһЦҪ˵ߵűĴ򿪣洫һϲĲŮǻôҺˡ
̣ҡ滳æȥס˵˫֣뿴ĳһͷ׷ϲ֮⣬˫۵ȷǣ泯ǣȴûнࡣ
һŮǲǣ˵ַסģָͷϸϸĥ䣬Ƚ̽
˵ϲǲɣݶź⣬ǣ߽չžҪȥǵ裬滳鼰ʱ
̣æˣ£ǲʡ滳ɳϣһ룬̧ͷ΢΢Цһ£ֻͷ˵̣룬ҺϲԽ㡣
˵Ǽ仰ʱ۾Ȫˮ˿УȴҲһվŵ˵ӡ
룿˼ѵգգȥϸȴеһᡣ
˶滳ķӦ滳Ĺذƺǳ񡣶滳ܹ˵ôֱ׵ؽ֮ĸ˵ڣȻ˵ľѾ̫ˡ
̣һͺãԼ˵һߣס˵֡
úúã룬룬ֺ֡ǺǵЦţȥһߵ滳飬飬ܾöûˣһʹһݴҵ˻ܾˣܾˡ
һֱظ仰ͷһɬƺµʲô̧ͷȥ滳͵ӡ
ֻ滳鰲سЦЦ˵ֱһֱûʱΪҲ˺ܳʱ䣬òײҵģԾˡ
ʱ䳤һʲôϵأҵͺãҵͺáȻܿģһЦ
ջɳţȻʲôó̯ģһͰ͵ĺԵۺĦۼƺóΣҲ۹Ρ
룬šҵһܾˣһϲ㣬Ҫһ㡣һ˵һ߰Ѻ󣬿ȴǳִš
̧ȥ滳飬ͷŽˣסͷɬ˵лл̣ҼסˡҺܺãҲϲ
οصͷǿһЩŬ۾Ҫ
۾˲˵ַԼϣЦţȴ΢̣ҵӡ
滳鵭ЦţĿ˵Ĳϵϡ˵Ħü壬βͦıӣкÿ°͡
һƯŮޣһƯáͷջȻ΢Ц
̣ҽ˰㿴֮⣬С־Ҹһֹ滳˵žʹ׿ڴóһŷ⣬ŵ˵ģ˵ҪһʱܻΪ̫æˡ
˵üۺȻָŷ⣬૵ֲˣͺãͺá
Ӳֻ룬滳ͷɬѡס˵֣е˵̣ҪúñأС־ܰϰ࣬Բԣ
֪֪ҲĵġЩȻȻΪ滳Ļȼ˹˫ǵ۾һʱ侹ʮ֡
һ֦ͷʱˡ
滳гߣһĸ첲¹滳ģ˿˿䣬ָᰴ˰ֱۣ飬ôͻȻҪأ
ʵܶʱҲ滳ϵ˵Ļһֳ̾һ룬һµ˴ţҽչ֪ͨңԽԽˡҲԭ򣬾ÿһζҪƭƭĶŬƭĶӹһʱŻؼҡ
⣬Ťͷȥ룬ǹһǳǳĻȣǳ֮⣬ŲµĴžˡܶǰҸʱҴӦϲԸ⣬ǻһ
һֻҲסֱۣпɬͬʱΪԼһ˿еȸԾ滳飬ʼնֻԼ
Ȼͣ˽Ųս룬ǳĽëĲܱܵĴʣɫ룬˺Ҫúôϲ㣬Ҫһ㡭
Ťͷĺ˫ˮֱ
һֱֻϲ㣬ֻһԺҲֻ밮㡭ֻӦĵ
滳𴽽ǣһͷ˵Լĵ߰ɣǻؼҡ
лҪ˵ϰԴ֮ԽԽ

ڰʮ

˵, Ҫץסһ˵Ҫץסθ
Ѿõ滳, ʱҲϲ滳оŻЩʳ
⼸Ҳ֪￴, ֶʽȤ, ˺üε˾һʼ״쵽һεģˡ
, ô˾òÿ滳²ؿԼźõ˾
ÿζ϶˵, һĺóԶˡ滳°͵ͷһ, һŵζȵģ
滳, أЦһ䣬Ťͷ˵աŸʽ˾, , ʱ仹磬һЩȥ裬һٳ, 㿴òã
ҲкһʱûȥӢˣҲԼաֻ滳, ˵ôãҪȥ˾ļ, һȥɡ
ļٵģôɣŰ, ôɺϵģԼҪţҪȥļ
ȡ滳ɤӣһشߴ٣ȻģҪõġ˾װ˻Ь, ¥ȥף㡣˵ֻͷ¥ߣ֮۵ӯЦ⡣
ܿ죬մЬʹ¥ˡһɫı³ĵ޳ںڵֱɢڱͳƲۡ
ӹϵĲͺУ׵ݹȥһͬߡ
Ϊ˽ʡʱ䣬滳ȿȥ˹˾ļȥ·ϿӢСǡòҪʱ䣬ӢҲҪ
룬飬ôһˣӢװ֪ʵ
šҸѧԼ˻һԡӦԷʽֻ˵ʱЩɬ
ţôûԼ߷һ𣿡Ӣ·٩һ㣬ʵȻֺ
滳۵ζҲ˳Ӣ˼ֲԸ뷳գϷʵǸѧ᲻ãǲ̫˼߷꣬ԾҸ
滳飡ʱɫһŭĿӣҪҪˣ
滳ʼ޹״㿴
ʵúܣ֪ĻΪô۸ˡӢǺһЦ²ͺУҪҪ¸һ
滳˴룬ҡҡͷ裬Ҿ㳢ﻹкö࣬ȥĻͲóˡ
ӢͷǺðɡ
ٳţŤͷһ滳ҪԼϵ֣Ȼʵ裬˸ϲˣ˿ܻ㾪ȣʧô죿
Щ㷲֪ԼܻӢʶʲôһ滳ӢǰȻҪĳȥ
Ӣ˿üͷ滳飬ֿ˿룬ס֣΢ЦʵҲͬ⣬ô
һӢ֣ҧҧ̧ͷᶨ˵ᡣ
ӢᶨݣչһЦȻǻʲôأЩ鲢ôҪҲֻĳ²ܹ֮ΪԲ룬һθĻ໥ĽΣһҪ˵൱ڳɹһ롣
û滳˵׵ĵʱ֪ΪһǡҪŮж԰㹻û̹׵ػ
Ӣһʱһɳ嶯ӿϺ䡣ֻһ衱ֻδ˵һ룬ŵֱͬһưˮʱ
֪ˣ裬ˡ볶˳ǣס滳߳š
ȥŲҴңƺûӸղŵлع찡Ȼһ˵滳Ĺϵ
滳ſ첽ȥһסе룬ôˣղŰЩô
ĽǶǱȻӢ˵ûÿһθҪи̹ϵ̹ԣ㹻ڽȫػ
飬ҺȻҪ裬Ҹʵϵͷȥץס½ǵֽš
֪滳ȻһЦ̧ȥͷҲҪ˵Ҿˡ
滳һָоһֻһ飬ѾϲѡǽһΣ˽ģʹӢѾ֪ˣҲҪߵӢǰҪ׿ȥ˵
˫滳סǰ˵飬ִ̫ˡһӣȻٸһҲҪúӦôȥ˵
滳ĿѸܱɨһ£Ṵ𴽣ָ̧ڰԼϣҵ㡣
һΣȵֺηõĽֵøʱ͡
ص⻪Է˽һֱŵ˾˲֡
ĺɫϣ滳ȥһ鷿ӹ˾ļٻطʱѾϴɳһʱ־
滳˽ŲԼ·ȥϴ裬СĽ봽ǹǳǳĻȡ
滳ϴѾ˴ͷ˫ۡڵС˿˯۹ճµӣԼϵֻϵϣɿ½Լɼ˷⡣
ȴ滳оĴƺ΢΢ȥϤոϴԡϵȶӭϮһͬӱ㽫§ڻͬʱȵĺš
Цۣһֱס滳ĺԣ飬Ƕô
ţԳô滳ҲϣһһĲ˯ۻһЩļͷ
ԡ۽Ц滳ߵ˵ҽǸˡ
ţ滳̧ͷǾȣǰˣղϴʱûע¨ʲôʱǰô죿
뱻һģ̿ȥ˵ĶͷϷʵƭģûǿԽԽɫ붺һ
滳üЦЦˡ˵Ҳټʵʵζ˵ôܽСɫأӦǽŶԡôһ㣬Ҳǰ飬ɫ
һЩЦ˵ȻԽԽ뾹һЩζŤͷȥЦǣҵĻɫˣòˣòˣΪҲŰˡ
滳Ҳ§룬Σ˵룬ϲô
ָķ˿ָ⣬ļͷ˲䣬˵ϲֻǵʱһ뷨ҪȥôҲڹ־òģϾŸոһɼôܾˣΪҲʹԽԽˡ
˶٣̧ͷʣôͻȻôʣ
滳ͷġüۣһ΢̾ϢУҲ漰ȦȦ̫ңһΣյĿҶԸ⡣ܽҲ뿪˼
ΪޱűѹֱŴ˺滳鶼
ʱʲôǣҶǣȥμʱΪԼŵģı
ûΪݸЦһ滳ǣ飬ڱұôңô
Ϊ滳Ầߵس⣬ⷺɫͬʱȴصͷǣǰǲʶʱû취ȥأҲܷԼĵļȥҲ¡
滳ʵƮߣǻƽȵ§ס滳ĲƳ飬ʵ⡣̫עĿҵĹعôߣ֮һЩҪ顣
Ѿȥǰˣʱ·ҵг̰ţ뿪ҰҾܺáѾµ뷨ˣûע⵽Ͷ˼ҹ˾ô
̧ͷϲ뻶滳͵Ŀ⡣̧ıӣȻע⵽ˣһ첲յϱҵĹ˾ͶʣȥͶʱ˵ģǰˡ
Ŀ֣Ц滳װʲôأôǮõͶʣȻԽǮԽţҪԼͶʣʲٹӻһˡ
滳ɤӣԼıЦ״ղ᲻ҧһ£飬һ֮һΡ
εҲĿҪαװˣÿڼ°ֻһһȻһֻٻɫèһֻööĦҮǻһ˹ӭǻؼҡ
̫ãõ滳һ֮ǰȫΪûУûԴ滳飬ֻеãҪ滳ȥһһʵ֡
滳Цͷȥ۾ıӣĴ᣺ãҼסˡڿԿʼоôȥˣо·ҡ
۵ӯ貵Ĺס滳̽Լ˯۵ķ϶΢ָĴС
滳˫ոϼ룬ʲô
ղŲǶôôֲˣ뷭ѹ£ղŻ޵˫˿Ķˡ
㡭滳黰û˵ͱҵĴĻﶼ̽ȣ໥ֻȦˣһȨԼС
ֻĿȫʱޱ˵һ使ᴭּЦĻ
Ҿ֪ϲ
лҪ˵߽ûлҪ˵

ڰʮ

Ӿƽ޲һȥ, Ͼʱ߷ĺ, ֪ദΡ
߷ƾƹϵһѾΪ滳֮һš滳Ļ߷ιϵһȱýΪʯİ, Ͼзֳ̬Ȼ, ֻǺعĳȴ겻ѡ
ôöû߷ĺʲôϢ滳֮, ûûôллĺԣΪ, ˻ԼԼĹ۳, ȥʢ⿪Ķȼٴ塣
Ϊĸ˵, ټ滳ܣ滳öȼٴǰ˹, һ򲻽Ӵκα, ֻˡ
壬滳ûȥϰ࣬ӹ˾֮ͽڼʰ롣ϾһҲҪЩճƷ, һȻֶЩ
ȼٴλڽ滳һ, ĺβ, ߷Ϊ˾ʱ, һʱ򣬼ĺҲʶرüͷ
⼸ú÷ɷɣѾȥˣ߲Ӵ, ֻǼ滳ǰЩüԶ˵ﰵЦ
߷ǵͷȻȥ滳ߵ룬룬ôûôˣ
绰˵ҪɷɣΪֻˣû뵽滳һԣȻ󻹸Լһĺԡ
߷⻰Ȼˣָĺԣ˭óĺԸը˹߷ôôΪҾ֪ôˣһΪܸ滳أ
˫ֻһ뿴źЦɿ滳ֹȥס߷ļͷС˵߷㣬ҲԡҪĥôò׳ɢɢģһĸ飬ҲԿ
ʱĺ߷һ׷ᣬһŲڸ߷ĵ绰֪˸ţ߷Ľѽ⣬ҲǶദĻᡣ
߷ƳһĺԣСĺȻġ˿һ˫ˮԼ߷һӾ䵭ҲǣҲǡ
ˡ滳߽ԲͷѾ׼ˣҸһ䡣߷ĺԣҪһһ仹ͬһ䣿
ͬһ䣡
һһ䡣
ĺԿһ۹߷㣬üͷɽ壬չ黹û˵߷ֻǵЦЦ滳˵飬鷳ˡ
ãǾ͸߰ɡ滳鲻ԣȥǣ롣
룬һǷźȥǱߣ羰ܲ
ǰ̸ЦҲ֪⻹⣬֮ܳɹúͷ˲
Сӣôһֱң㶼ôĺ߽ЩСȥǣ߷
˵֮ǰ϶߷㶨ǶĵģƾƷҹԼԼȥ߷㻹ܶʱ㿪ʼ߷˼ֵģ
߷ͣ½ŲŤͷȥĺԵƺһμʱҪһЩԼ˵Ļǲһͻɫ֡
¸ȴ⼸ͬʱһԸȴںĺԵĹ
滳˵ǰĺԱǽصƶչָԼ߷֪ܹĺԣٵûС
ڻǻסĺԵ֣һ̸ȸϣҿɲʶ·
¶Ⱦͷ·ܹĺԿһʤȴǧĺüչصءšһ
滳صǰķ䣬˷ڡϷţ벻Цס滳ɵڴϣ飬˵ܲнչ߷ñŤӣĺֺ񱻾ܾûǰôˡ
չǳҪеģʱѡ滳̾һڴϳԼĲһֻĳָ촩󣬺˵룬ιɲֻΪѣҲҪú÷ɷɡ
벻ҪŵҲҪȼٵġȻö˼סЦ˫ðôɣ
滳΢΢ۣ𴽣ͷסĴ˱Ĵһ̾ĴҪ滳鲱ӣ滳ȴɿͷĶǣЩϷʣ飬ǳȥߣҴȥ洦䡣
ʶԼպżҪ״̬һ죬᲻ص滳ͷһ£ֵ滳ˣң
ˣ˿߰ɡ滳ЦŰֻЦôôһֵӡ
ȼٴռʮֹ㣬һΪüΪ˵ġɷɡ滳ͷԸȥ⼸ӦеķԱ֮ⲻӴκα͡
дей䣬滳߱˵ȼٴ״
룬ʵ򲢲ȼٴܻӭġ滳ǣ֣ǰƯڿУԽ
˶٣˵ΪĽ񲻱ݻҪһЩйоءƾǷ羰ȽҪ£ڻͻʧȥһЩӦеĶ
滳װʮУɫѩĳĵ¶벱𪣬°սܹճߵţп㡣¶ഺϢ빤ʱȫȻͬ
һִֻ˽ǣ֣磬ʵ飬ϲô
ţܷ顣Ȼݳ޺ǼȻȻ׷ݳ޵ġ滳˫дЦ⣬Ťͷȥ룬أﻹȥҼǵǱÿĿ˶רŵҪѿ˵ϵһôҪҪȥԣ
׼ȷز׽۵׵Ϸʣ̧ȥʹǳЦһʱѡ
Цһ֣ٶסǣŵ֣ʮ֣ȥҾοҷǳͬ뷨ɢĻ벻ݻطҲûˡ
滳սһգȤҼû֪˳ңҷǵ˳ţҲѡ
һ죬Цŷ˭ӣƤԽԽ񡭡
滳鵹Ǿ㲻ţɿס忿øͬʱЦǾӺˡ̧ȥ𣬡룬ǱһСϪǹȥϪߡ
ţҲϵ·ҴˡӦͬʱֵ٩һ䡣
ôֻһˣҪҲһˡ
滳ЦЦһ˵˵ЦЦЦƬ͵ּ䡣
滳ܰĺԸ߷һ߾ûôˡź֮뿪Լķȥ߷㷿ſڣţƺԥ˺һβŵɣû
ĺһҺָŰŤű򿪵׵Ϊ߷ſڵķɳϽôűʼǱԵļ̡
òϢôѹˣĺߣѹסԼҪȥ׽ĳ嶯װƽʡ
ղڹ˾û꣬һ㣬Ⱦȶ߷ͷҲأ׶ϸָڼϴ֡
ĺҧҧžױյֶ˼ֻǱ޵ģĶһЦ˳߷½ǣ˵СӣҲȥ߰ɣòã
߷ָ˲ʱͣڰգĺԼԥֿһЩס忿˵ܱܾܲң㲻̽ңҪʱ֤ҵ治ôǱܿңҪôȥֱҵĸǼ٣
ڹ߷ĺ峺۵׷⣬ûԼǰ绰/ƾʱģҲûԼʱչ¶Ľᡣ
ĿһҪԵǹĺͯ㵥ֻҪõĶ߷ͷһɬҲӲĳ
תͷĺºһЦãҰ꣬Ȼһȥ
лҪ˵Ƥ֮Ҫˣ

ڰʮ

õ߷ͬĺһ˲Ц, ʵʵһߵš
߷ӿ˹, Ѹٽʣµļƻ, ո˿Ҫص, ˱˵ʵСӣæô
š߷ϵ, ŤͷȥüЦĺԣʧЦ, ȥһôôĵطӦĲŶԡ
ӵĺù߷޷Ǹ贫˽ҵŮϵ, Ҳ޷ǸƹҵĴСϵڵĺԲô, һõСӡ
ڰ߰Ҵȥ, 㡭ĺԲɷ˵߷, ָֻ˳Ĵģ
ΪֻҪ̸⣬߷ҲӦԸ߷㷳գҲԸ⿴߷ԥ, ֻȥദ
ȻҪʱ֤ôҲ֪, ԼԹ߷ĸ龿ж, ᲻Ϊʱ, Ϊ˶ı䡣
˿ͷһƬյؾڣϸļʩԱ֤κܹ˺ˡ
ĺڹ߷ǰ漸Զľ뵹ߣſ˫ؽôǲǺ£ǲҪöˣ
˫, Цӯӯȥ߷㣬ŲԾɲͣصˡ
߷ҪشǡһƳǰԶĴͷһӿŲȥסĺԵֹˣüĺԣܲܺú·Ϊ㻹Сôײۣɲۡ
䵭ȴ˹ģĺԷǵûи죬ס֣ЦĻǳҲСӣܶҶסɡס£Լϲǰ֪ղŵΪɣᵣңĻײһҲûʲôˡ
߷ɫʼЩȻĺŵҲƺ˺ô
ӡĺԴ˵ʲôֻᰴԼ뷨˵ϸĺԶ˵һ仰أֻãֱӸʤһ
ĺԣûҪң˸ýʱȻܾڣûа취߷ҪȥĺԵͷӸղȼٴԺһ̬ȥ⡣
ĺԿЦһĿƵģҪϢһһξԼۿתܸܵˮۿ︡ţһֳʵɬʹĸо
ûϵЦ˵Ŭ۾ˮҶûƾƷֿʼȰ㣬㣬ȵ֣ȵûôϵؾܾˡôʱ䶼ȹˣ㲻ôҲ֪ϲˡ
ûһôԼ̸ôܸɾһ㣬߷ͽˡ
߷ϲģôܸ߷㰲ȫأʹǧټƵ֤ԼУҲ˵žܹȥŵġ
ˣˣһ㶼ÿ߷ȥȻȻؾ̧ȥĨᡣ
ĺһץסЦʣ˭ǺÿģĻܳŶûױˣ׵ʱһޱ¶Է
߷εЦʱûֻֽüĨȥҲ֪ĻЦÿһЩһҲˡ
ĺԵͲ˭ֻûôżЩḡĵȱ㣬ǸʱҪעĿ
ĺô˵ɵֿЦ˫ʵһͽô
˵úúõֹյϣ߷ЩĨֻջࡣ
ڴĿ£߷㻺Ųӣǰ˺üĹ⼴ʱ򣬵ǰͷƮĺԣѰɡ
ĺԿıӰϸ߿켸סʹͣסŲѹԼϲãʵֻѣǴ𣿡
߷֪һϣĻӶĺȼֻתĿ£棬ɫͻ֪Ҹĸ۲ͬյʵڲܸҴӦҳϲ㣬֪ΪʲôҪԼ
˶٣۾ƺһĺԣ𽥿ɬ΢Цĺԣֻһܹ໥ϲһ˵ҪҪҪֻһ϶ѡԣȴ𣬺ô
ĺԸողͣЪֻȻʲô˵ڡΣҲΣ߷ܽܣͽˡ
ֻЦѣҲȥʽù߷㷳գҪĴǹ߷ĲԸ
ãҶģҲˡ㹻ˣԸˣҪһңȻҲ֪ġĺԵĽëϹ飬˫Ư۾ˮǿҪðȪˮһ㣬ù߷Լòӡ
ţҴӦ㡣߷չͲסԼʹ̧һֻȥĨᣬһֻǣסǰߡ
һߣ߷һοС㣬ˣһǻΪô۸ء
ĺԣ˸ֵȥֻǹ߷ôôüΪģѵû۸ô
ã˵оС߷ЦЦҲ磬ȥĨĨ̧ۣͷŤͷ˵һ߾ͻȥɣ¶Ҳʼˣٶ׸ð
šĺȻͬ⣬Ҳܱߣ˳߷֣ɻЦ˵רŹʳũݳ˿϶ûôҴȥһȦ
ǡ߷ֿ̧ԥ
߰ɣҴ·ʲô㡭ĺԵƺָúܿ죬治ģҵקŹ߷첽š
ûע⵽ǹ߷㱾ĿⶸȻǣԼȥҪȥĵط
Ϧµʱ滳Ȼ϶ٱ¶Ļ滳鶼ü䣬ǵ΢Ц˾׽ƽ͡
ó׼ģΪ߷ĺԻûӰ滳㽻˸ŷˣԼȳ
ȼٴҹ¶Ƚ֮һЩֻһ˯۵ɳϿӣȻһϼ͵شһ硣
ר־űʼǱԹ滳鱻ȥעæϵ߹ȥߣȥ̽̽¶ȣ룬ǲǾ䣿ȥյң¶ϵһЩ
ЦؿӣסļͷûµģҲ䡣ǲ֪ΪʲôͻȻое˸ѣġ
滳ͷ§סҪҪ˯ǱůһЩ
ǲģ滳ôһ˵ҪܾɶӺûô̧ȥЩ˼飬ҺԶ
滳һ䣬۵ӯЦô˳Զô
°һʱĳô죿Ҳüۣɳ§ס滳飬ĳãҧסĶĶôҲֵķϣò
滳ӲĿ϶УֻбӲġסҲģǡǡ˰ģ
ãȥڷҡ
滳εشӦ˭֪һͷͼó֮ĽЦݡ
лҪ˵ܿ϶ȹû

ڰʮ

ȼٴʳŶйƶȵ, 滳ڳҵҪô, Ҫôʣµġ
뻻·Ľ, ŵŲһٶԲ滳, 滳üŤͷʣ, òã
áӦ
Ӧôˬ죬ܶô´γԷʱٹˢ΢, Ͷһϰɡ滳, ԲͷȥҺǺͽ
Цһ, ֵ䵭ıŤģһ§ס, ֺ, ֪ˣ»Ҳˣһ극, 㿴ô
滳Żɫ˵Ц, šһϾæµ, ʱʱҪŲһŲλ, ôžͲ̫㣬ˮСϵ¯˵طȥţҲ㡣
һȥתգգ, ᴵ
ʲô
滳תûüֻһϣĴкѹǰռеĸ֪ǰǽ˵˫˲١
һֻ־Ȧס׾ܹΪ˫ϸ֫ḧһӱҹһ롣
һ೤̾ϢͶĵϤҴ޷ܵ
ȿȡ
һסȵˣ滳һʱ佫ͷѹԼСɫԴȥڿ˵һ˲ȥЩ䵭
ʲôʱģ滳һһָֿ롣
ĺԷźü߽ͻˣճ극˵Ҫܲʱص㣿滳ͲԱͻȻϷ
滳۾Ȼգһ£СЦüͷһ壬ĺ˵ʱܺʣ⣬й涨Ա˵ǲģԣҲ𡣡
ĺһ滳ڻǻɡ
뿪滳Ļתͷʣĺԣ߷أ
˵Ĺ滳ͷչŵ¯ϵĺˮˮʼڣ˺Բİװ׼롣
ĺʼ磬ڴϴ裬ȥ˺öطͦ۵ġ
˵֮һֱ߷̬ȶ˲٣ƺΪ֤Լ˵ġ𡱡ĺҲûٿȥͷϣȻ߷˵ˣš
ͷЦûô
ĺһʱĬ֪Ҫλش⡣ѵĽǶ˵߷ദúܺãõ߷ôķӰĽǶԾһͿأػ
ĺԵӣ֪ǳ˱Ÿӡ߷˭϶鼫Ťת滳еһƴ
뵽ͷһæµŵ滳飬ĺ˴ǣ߽˵߷㲻ʯĳˣֻǲ˺һӦøܵõȻϲ㣬ǽ⿪Ȼ㣬ҪĲ߽ݾ˳Ȼʱ֤ļ֡
ĺһĻʱ߷Լ˵ļıϡ΢΢ͷ𽥳յζḡţҼסˣлл
ʱ滳Сĸӣתһ䣺ͣʱáﴽǳЦ٩ģ
ĺǿ֯һԼԣĳСҪúùܹ滳飬̫ˡ
ݺݵ滳һۣЦĿ˦뿪
ĺԻصԼϴ˸裬봩ϵص˯ȹȻ߷˵Ļ־ͷ̶ҧҧȥ﷭һ˯۴ϡ
ھǰϸԼģ˯ֻ½ԼǶѣʱ¶Ըв٣Щŵķ顣ֻ޵ĳ޷ıˣԼ߷Ӧòüͷ˰ɡ
ÿ߷㷿ŵʱ򣬹߷Ϣżƽ
ôˣ߷ӭţҹúȻ֪
ҡĺɫһ죬ȻҲ֪Լʲôģɴһᣬ˵ңҹô
С߷һζ˵Ҫ˯ˣѵҪ
ĺЩˣڨڨҡһ߰ɡ
ô˵ɸûŲһ߷㿴źЦﲻ̷⣬̧ǣסԼߣ˼꣬Ưˡ
߷ûĺ˵ĺҲΪһע⵽Լĸı䣬ǵע⵽ؿԼ
ǰĹ߷ɫټ͵۵ףĺԾԼƺʼ
һʱԣڹ߷Ҫڵʱĺ֣ͷ˵Сӣܲ¸һ˯
߷㼸Ǳһ£üͷһļ́ͷżؽͣûб˼ǵ˯֮䣬Ҳһ˯ôԽ˵ԽСɴйоˣһطˡ
֮ǿһ˯֮ѡѣ
ĺվҪߣʧӳڹ߷ʱһʶץסĺԵ֡
ĺԻͷ߷˿ȻȥϨƣȻ
ţĺһ㶣漴ЦϷŴ󣬡úúãϣ˷ܵȥϨ˵ƣŴͷ΢ĹЬ§סŵĹ߷㡣
ĺ쳣˷ܵù߷㲻ҶҪȥʱĺԽסѹϲõĵͳСӣתȥˣ뿴㡣
ôôת߷յصĺһֻۣʵʵţĺԱš
ĺԱǼ˲߷գȻ˻ȥŹ߷һѲѵģ˸֮⻹Щꡣ
㲻ϲҿ̫ô̽ʣʧѾ˸ղŵ˷ܣĻƯڿĻһͬס߷㡣
߷ۣﰵ̾
ĺԵ׽ɬڿܣĺԵԼҲΪ֮ڵ˵ܣҽܣȴֲԸĺġ
ĺ԰ͷĲ䣬࣬ǽٸᶼ˽ȥ㲻ϲĻ͸˵һġ˵ҾĬͬˣ֮ҲǿӵģҾһһԴͺˡ
߷۽ëһþòššһ
ֻҲĺԿĵЦ͵ʵоôʱٳɢģ罼£ǲǣ
˵߷ȷʵɢġȻĺԼִ䣬Ҳȷ飬ƺĺԵЦգԼѾ࣬ûйʱĳơ
ţҪöࡣããѹôϲȼ١߷ͬһĨ΢ЦĴǡ
ϲĻ´кܶطӦҲûȥǿһȥ氡ĺϲ˵˵˵ţס߷˫Ҳֽ֮
߷ںټĺˣԼСѵôˡͷһȣõĺϣĿһʱʮ֣ãʱĻԿǡ
ĺԸоϵĶϾȻ΢΢ܿͻֵָģ۵׸һ˿Ц⣬ҧҧСӣҿô
߷ǵЦĺһ¾ͺˣҲԽǵİ
˭ѿԽǵģ߷㱻ŪֺֺЦҪֺܾݲġ
˰ɡĺûô־ͷˣҲûŹ߷Ӧ뷨ֻһʧ
֪߷ţĺԼ۾
ţáĺԱѾʧһʱȸԾԹԵر۾
屻ͬȵһ帲ǣһȶᡣ߷סˣϧᣬĺȫ벻ԥԥؾܾԼ
߷վûʲô飬ñ뿪ĺԵĴ΢죬ʶرסԼͷĲ䡣
Сӣǲںߣĺᴭţոǹ˿˿ġ
ĺԣ˯ƵӲĺԵЦ
߷㣬˵Ļģϲܣ̫ˡһĻҪô֣һ㣬һ㣬һ㡣
߷㱻ĺ˵ԽԽ죬ࡰءǿңھ׵ķ
ĺԺܵǼӿԼ̼ǵЦСӣǲǺܺ죿
㵽˯˯ˡĺԻ˵ôôɬζ
ð˯ĺҲپŲţʵʵŹ߷㺬Ц˯
ֻ֪֮󣬹߷ۣʶ򴽣ǵĻ޷Ƶǳǳ
ָоҪ
лҪ˵Сܰ

ڰʮ

糿ĿΪ, 滳һ𵽺ӱ, ǳԹ緹֮ĸ˱еȥ̲
滳ǰ, ĺԸ߷ں
˵, ĺԸ߷ûʲôεϾ˶״̬Է׽ĺҲԸо, ߷ƺûôҪܿԼˡ
붯˶滳ǣŵ֣һ, 滳, һζЦ
, ȥСϪǲͨģ°һ̧ʡ
滳ĿԶȥ, ̲, ڳ̫·ҫ۵Ĳ⣬в洬ϽקⷬδüȻҲͶ࿴˼ۡ
, ϪջڿЩ϶Ƕȼٴ帽ӵĴ񣬶ȼٴ㼸ҲǴЩɹġ滳˵, ŤͷЦЦ, ҲǴﲶġ
ʱ¶˿ϧ, Էûô㰡Ѿ滳нǼʲôζˡ
ܹ˭´γԷٶˢˢ΢ȻˮӺˡ滳鲻ΪȻ˵٩ζ
Цһήɿָ˦˦滳ôô, Լ߰ɣſ
ţ˦
ǰ˿Ƴʵϴεģĺüëһ滳黹ǣ̸ˡ
ĺԵı鱻߷㿴кЦ˵ʱ˿ܽܵĶ໥ϲ֮ȴۡڶԶԷãڶԷǰ¶ʵһ棬Թ߻ùڲԭȵ飬ʵֻǸʵѡ
ڵĿҲǹ߷ټģԴ뿪֮Ҳÿʵģ滳һʱù߷÷·滳齫ıϴȥ˳õǳ
ĺԿ߷۵׵׷ƽͣƺһ㽡
ﷴ˼ֱ߳üס˹߷֣֣صСӣԸĻ¶ʵһɡǰԲҪάԱ˵ľ룬ôῪľ͸ңҲǳ̸ȥĲô
˵ЦˣĹ⡣
߷Щ˵ҪѣĺܹҪ̸ȥ˵ҪȥԸĺʧ˹ȥ
ŵһѾĺԵˡΪ̫ãź£ʼζ
Ϊ˲ĺԵϣգ߷΢ЦԶԣãԡ
ٴα˳ĺüЦ˵СӣҸͱϻȥ·ˣûü㣬˯ô
ô߷ü˵
ôôܵи˵ɣĺԻ˻ι߷ĸ첲üͷʵ
߷㷢ĺڿʶˣʱӲŵķʽ϶ǲһ׵ġһγɹ֮󣬹ĺԼûʶҴС㾹Ȼ·ԽԽԶ
˼ˣ߷Σͣ˽Ų˵̫Ӳˣ
ʲôĺԲҪԼˣҲͣ½Ųʵ㿪ʲôЦֲ˯˻ʯͷôܻӲ
߷㱧ס˫ٴδĺԣµؿ϶ĺӲһ㶼
ĺۣڲ׽߷۵Цһ̣Ȼ˫ۣ¶Цݣס߷ļ򣬡ǲ͵͵ˣȻΪڲŹ˵ң
һ䣬߷̾ͱˣЩЩգп˵ģ
˵ˣĺ˫»߷ɱס¹߷ֵֻסļͷǹ˵ĻȣͳСӣ˵˾ˣֲǲ෴һͲܸåһ㡭
ĺԣſ߷˸͸ĺԽԽҲԽ
Ʋĺԣػţĺƽ̹Сһôľ룬ܵĲֻĺ壬ؿĺ۵׵ĿŨȴѹ֡
ĺѹŶԼϲ˵ֻΪ߷˵ˣҪȴ
ʶù߷ƺһӱɣٷĺԱڻ߷§סĲһ䣺ô࣬㲻±ô
ĺԵĴĵ𣬻ﲻмȴ᣺ôҸϲӵһ²ô뿴Ϳˣöÿ
߷Цһ£ᴸļͷûôġ
ĺԵҲֻڹ߷̾üȾ͵Ц⣬滳С˶ɣǲˡұһ
ᣬȴôôᡣ߷һ߻ıףСӣĺϲϲ㡭
貣ߵǸæµţûע⵽ԶⰲõһĻ
ʱúܿ죬һ켸ûôɫͿʼ
滳뵽ͷ̨׳죬ʹ˾⡣
뿿滳Ļ߳Ե˵飬ǾҪȥ˰ɡ
滳Ȧסͷֽ˽ӦţȥȽԶҪ㶯
һʱᣬŴ˵滳ȴǸоʲôͷЦЦ룬ôˣϲ᲻ô
ӴǴˣѵܹĵطֻչҪȥġһ˲滳Щòʧ
Ļв˲䣬ջĿ⣬ţ漸ûϵÿ쿴ҼҪΪǸԴˡڶˣҺϲÿûЩ£ֻǼ򵥵ģ㣬ңͺܺá
üˣȴֲôʵ
滳黹һټĹ˾ҪҲһЩûɣûг˳Ȧǵϻδɵ顣
·Ǹܵʧ䣬谵·滳˫ıӣÿ춼ڹôȻʱæµæµѾǰһˡԴǰĶѣʱ
תĻü۶Ц⣬̧ͷ°ͣϷʵԽԽ˵ˣ仰ô𣬿Ҫ÷ȥ˵˵Ľˡ
滳鴽һ䣬ʵѵ㲻ϲô
ҡоԼϵ¶ȿʼڣ˵һĻ
ţ滳״ǸȤˣսһЩ䡣
ΪҪԼȻɬϾǳе£Ҳͱ۾ĬĬȴš
˭֪滳ȴ˻˸Ц˵Ҫϲʱڳһ٣
˺þõȵôһ仰Цôԣ˲׹Լֱˣˡһ滳飬滳ˣң
滳鲻㣬ΰ뱧ڻе͵͵ЦȻ˵룬㻹ûϲϲ
뵽滳ôִţǵҪԼ˵һ䣬ɲΪ滳ֻҪ˵ϲطġ
˰Σգգۻ滳ĲӣЦģشҧס滳ӨĶϸ㲻˵һôˣط㣬Ҷϲ㡭
лҪ˵׼һ¿ʼ

ڰʮ

ص֮, ĸ˸Ի˼ҡ
ò˵һݼĺԸ߷ڹϵʵķԾ, Ѿڱ̸ȥദ滳һ, ȴڴӦνԼĹϵ֪ˡ
Խ, ࣬ȴҲ޶, ϲڼѾʧ˾ͷǰҲдҪ˳Ȧ
ɫ㲻, 滳ճվشǰȥԶľɫ, ֱЩ˲Żתǡ, ʰ·Ҫҵ¹롣
滳ü˲ʱͷͻȻð¾á֡ǰεæµ, ã, ڻǳΪȥʱôһˣ֪µĺҪʲô
滳Ьü, Ų⵽Ҫͷʣµ·ʱ, ˫չס
뱾⧲Ļ, ӵϤĻʱ΢΢˿ͷȥ, ΢Цʵ飬ôˣ
룬ȥɣȥ滳ͷĺ󾱣غ㡣
, գգۣԥ˵̫ôʲô׼û
滳ЦЦֽתԼͷţֳ磬Ҫ׼ʲô׼þͿˣĶڣ¡
˵ˣ˾ҪȥҳģɲܻԱͲ֪ˡҪһԣǺҪһμ棬ҳܷĽ滳齻и롣
Ҫô˵ôûףܾӦûô˵ҧҧǵǡ
ֲǣ滳ͬΪŮԣҸŴ󻧣ܽԼŮһŮһôܶܶĵһʱΪ滳Ļӿͷü
滳һЦĴ˫סָϸϸüͷ룬ôҪԵģûһȫĽģҰһǲͬġҪô֣Ҫô֣ûбѡ񡣡
滳ֵüͷҲƽһ
滳һЩδҵģǶûе֪滳鲻ΪκԼ
滳סֱ֣Լߣ΢΢ͷţ繡
뿴滳Լְ֣ؿڣһʱеķǶģڻرס߷˵ţ飬ҲҪֿ費ͬҲȥô
滳鹴ŴǣڻͷԼĿڣɫͣǽδ¶ǰᶼһЦ˵ãҼסˡ룬ҲҪǵãҸ˵ĻһֶţЩǲһ˵ģһܸܵó
⻰˻ףȴ滳δѣܷ鶼̵ļ仰
пܷ̫ˣΨһܹľǷ滳Ϊ
֪Ҳסˡ̧ͷȥ滳飬ģһȴҲֱ۾ɬ
滳̧ȥĨ۽ǣָ˵ηҪ˵룬ޣҲϲޣΪ˱黹ΪңҶϲ
ĿůǶůůӲɣԼûһᵽҵĸ顣
ʱ򣬼ƻǸϲ˲Ϣı仯ĳıǵвһͻ״
ӵӷĶʱڼоҪʲôȻӳһ仰
㣬Ұɣ֪С顣
ôҲ벻һӷļΪԼ滳顣Ϊĳֽٴμܵܣǻƽ΢ЦһкȻĬĬزȥ
ڿλã˶һɫ⻪üۿ㣬һĨ͵ǳЦ
ʱƽΪϲö΢΢Щæվӭ롣
㣬ˡسŵתһкһЩĮȻɫγĶԱȡ
벻ԲĿӷڳУװģͶŵʿȡ
ӷͬʱӷҲȴ˿ûбˡ
СʱһĲ̫ˣӷӡǸʱСƺֻǽǿ
ڵȴøÿһܲ˵Ŀϣ˲ұӣȴ̲סֻϣĿԼͣƬӡ
ӷӺССʱ˵Լһ㣬ǼȻǽ㣬ΪʲôԼûмԼ꣬ǲǺܿɰƽǰ޻ǰЦ֪
һμȴҪ뿪ʱ
ʹǵһμ棬ȴΪеδйܡ֪뿪ΪԼԵʣǻþ˷ȥԶǸΪְ֡ˡ
˵ʲôλ£ƽϲŭδ棬ĽëͶһƬӰ
㣬ҡӷһʱҲӦ⣬û¶κϲãŭûСƫƫθУ໰ں䣬þòԡ
üǰķһ˿ѷ죬˵ҷĶţʲôֱ˵ɡ
ӷţղƽӱ㣬ᵽСΪֻԸҡ֮ǰ绰Ϣһֱûлظ
ϸع۲飬ûģȷȷδϢ
û⣬ǵãϦʱȥ滳һͬȹڻһȷʵֻϿӷ˵ϢֻΪԼţѡ˲ȥӦ
أϣôŵݣ¶һ̵Ц
ӷˣЩ޴ˮ˫ֿʼʶĦűӣβſڣֵԽԽˣһֱҪ̻ؼң˵ֻҪȥʲô쵽
һ䣬ӷĨ̵ЦݸˣЦʣ˯ôǻȥ岻˾뵽ˣ뿪ʱʲôôˣʲô
ӷʣµĻЩںԼĸ븸״󳳹һΣ˶˵㣬ûи顣
סˣϥôʳָҲͣıȴһ˲ָ˹ôҲܷ˺ңֻһ岻þҪǻȥˣ
˶٣Цһ˫߬ȭҲʱҪְֵʱ
ʮԶγһɷ븸׵ΣӢഺïȴٴۺ׷ЩڵһڣѧУӻʱֻܶٴøĸæµĻѻƭʦһ׮׮һԶҪô
ӷƽĿðָΪűӶָڷףֹһ̧ͷȥ룬˵㣬Բ֪˵ʲôֲôǵĲƽǽ㡭
ӣȻҪȥСѾ֪ˡϸ룬˼ĺҲ͸ǿܹõϿɵļҲһЩԲԣ
˵ʲôͷһȭͷ˫ֶһһʣ֪ˣԴвһȥô
ӷѵҡͷĳ㣬ⲻвڵﶷùң涭Ըֻив
˫룬ҷŹκһ顣˲쵽ָĮȻٵ˿ŭЦ˫ͨ죬˫ַѾչҪɵ̬ϡ
գΪؿŨҵķŭٶȭ˫ַŻ£ҧ壺ܣҶҿҲΪЭҲᣬвңҸûһϵҸҲҪ֣
˵ŭҪ뿪û߼㱻ſӿļһɫװ˵˻
θߴ󣬶ѵأȴޱ顣
ҧضǣֱһű˴Ǻ߳ĿԼӷǰЩˣѲκα͡
С㣬ʢ⼯Ŷ³Ǹ΢΢һЦмֺͰֻһ˵Ļ˸ף³㵽һۣϣҪƴǡ
ʢ⼯Ŷ³滳ĸס
һӰʹһڵ϶İۣЦΪ޴ŭ΢΢عͷǷ̵Цһӷң
⻪ԷʩϽҵ޷룬̩Ȼܶ滳Ƥ½ߡΨһİ취Լ
ӷ񣬿رЩ˴ߣˮֱֶͣ϶͹۰ȫǺɫѪ˿ֻŬƽԼֻȥһ绰
ۣ֮ͨƽδй䵭ŵ绰ͷ˵Ѿˣǣ֪˺ʧȥľͲֻһŮˡ
лҪ˵Ҫҳ

ڰʮ

Ǳǿļ, ҵլӱۺɽׯ⻪ԷҪɡۺɽׯݻ⻪Էĵ͵ں, Եׯϴ, ֻڴſң¥, ĵױ޶˵η
ΧĽǶɫװ˰Χųǰߣۿ, ûٶ˵һ䡣
̤ŵһ̣˶δ֪һ˿־֮, ǶطһĪ˼
, 滳鳤ĵط, ˿̴ԼĲ滳ͯɳ
˽鷿, ڲһλԳ, һ֣˶ȴѸٻָ˶
³, С㵽ˡ˱ϹϾ˵
̩ӳȣһ, ֻ, ȥɡ
·μ̩龰, ֻû뵽Ҫƽ
裬΢ЦתͷһָԼλӣţ˼졣
ЦȻж·, ɸոձǿԴ벻ΪôͰ滳Ѿ޷ֱϲŭ̵ֽˣǲѷɫ
Ȼ޷Ǳ¡뻺Ųߵ棬̩Զûκλɫ̩۵׶һ˿͡
ӣҽְɣ̩һݵǰʻȴκζ
ҲЩҲŹһЦò˫ֽӹ豭ˣֱ֣Ӧˡ
̩ͷͷһڲ裬̧ʵ룬˵ݵĵӰں׶Σ벥Զˣγûʲô룿
üͷ΢壬һʱŪ̩⣬ϸҲһǵѡ˼ˣЦһЩٷĻشҲ٣ҲͲ
ÿɫÿɫϷеУĽɫܵĶûôˡֻܾܵȥжԼǷʺɫǲǻȥ͵Ľɫ
Աϣ̩Ȼصͷʾ²豭Ĳ衣
ȻԾɲ˼ܲỳʲôͷ΢΢һڡ
ҺĿӣʱŸо˿˿𽥸ǹ˸ղǿɬζǻһʱǵ̩ʱʵÿô
²豭ſڣտʼȷǿģȲҪȥĿ࣬ǳȥ֮оĸ𡭡˶٣üͷԾ˼˵ƺڸסǰĿ࣬ãղǿζʲôˡ
˵̲꣬סͷ˿Ǳ裬ˮ͸ξ˭֪˼
˵úá̩ͷ۾ԽŨֻǰźֵԾɲҷɡ
̩ƺ뵽ʲôĴָʳָĦŲ豭ЦݴЩСͺܶ£ҲϽӲ֣ҲӲĸ鷳ʱϣ˼ҵĺһ˼һ㣬һ㣬ȹҸ˵ˡ
ţǰһ棬СС͵滳飬ϳɣڵģصһ
̩˶٣˵֮ǸӣѹڵһλȻӼǸһˣҲ㳲ΪǸȶӣҲΪһӣΪһƽضȹһ
΢΢ͷҧסԼĴԸ۾̩ȥ
滳ԭӦƽģʹˣҲܵκӰ졣
ǰֵģ̩ԿЦŵ̲ס̧ͷȥƽӴ˿¶Եİˡ
뾲ţŲ豭ջǰɵš
̩̾һ˵ţҵһ֪ҵŮŴذһҲǵһ֪ҵŮΪԼĸЦġǵһ֪ΪһȥıѾɵϰߡ
û˸ղŶĺøУͬıǰϦ
ͷ·һʯͷܵüΪģֻΪ滳ЭһС
̩ЦЦһֱŵļݸ룬룬
֣ļСһȦԶ̧ͷϣЩ϶ͳһ֡
ⲻģûһйϵ뼤վɫ̩ǰȴơ
˵ģͿġ̩۵޲һڲˮĿűƿŵӣҰѻְˣٰЩųȥ룬û˭ܰ㣿
⼸仰˸񣬰ֶ˵һӽŵֱ˼ǡ
̩˻΢˵Ϊһΰ飬ûŬƴҵôҲܹңһ˾Ҫòܹڲ֮أһޱĹ˾ָܶٳͰ۲ܹõɹͷʼô
ļ֧ڲϣһʱЩҡͷ˵ܣ㲻ôһУŮʳӲô
һе滳飬ôܣһ޶滳ô䵽һеĵزô˶Ҫ㣬ô˰ۣܡ
̩Ҳ޷αװ룬ûΪǰĲ豭˲ˮζص˵ǲģΪĸףΪ·ꡣôأİˣΪʲôֻ󣡵ΣգеµĿʱ״ܸʲôԼ
Ļһشվס˫ͨ첻һĻĻԺ滳ŴεıʱһѴŵ̵ذ׺ݺ࣬뿪ʱ̹Ѫ⣬Ѫ졣
۾һˮ֮ǰ滳һǧٱĻûһܹش⡣
ǰܸ滳ʲôĺ֮⣬ܸ滳ʲôǳ˵ģÿ˶̩ܹ滳飬滳鿸סһ죬ܸ滳ʲô
滳鿴ʱڹ˾￪Żᣬʱмɶεδ硣
Ƥһֱֱͣزȥżһ䡰飬ؼһǸŮӱֽˡ֮е򶨶һ̡
վǲģ̩עʱ֪ͨ滳顣
û˼滳ĽŲһżң˲״ĸ߲״ļǹǸ˿ڼ̩İˡ
ⶼȥҴǰͣ˳̼һ䡰鰡ˡ˵һ룬ǰѾû滳Ӱ
أ
룡鷿ű⧲ش򿪣滳ճŵϢȡ
ӳеŵ̩վŵʹ룬۽޻飬һĿȻ
滳ûаԥվǰ̩֣˵ʲô
ʱס֣תԼǿջЦ飬ǻؼҰɣȥˡ
˫Ư۾Ѫ˿ۿף滳̧Ĩȥ۽ǵֻۡĮ˿͸żɫ㣬Ťͷ̩˵֣˵ʲôʲô϶ζġ
飬Ҫ˵ˣ߰ɣؼҺòã뱧ס滳飬һʱк滳˵ȥˣȥ̩ղ˵Ļ
»Ϊ㶪һУܹôҵֻһʱİһİ
滳ΪʧȥƴһУΪ˰鼸ЭУǲֵãá
̩վµвκŨҵУֻ˵飬֪㲻µκһ飬ҪҿõĽֵĲڲҵܸһ顣һ˵һа飬ⳡҪ
滳ض˫߬ȭߵ͵͵ͷĵ־һһ·ԼһЩί˿̸ŵ֪̩˵ʲô
һΰ뿪ʱջĿӦˣ§ļͷ鷿ſڡ
âڱ滳ڳ뿪鷿ǰʶػͷȥ
̩һ˲˲ǵıӰ۵ûκ⣬׼˹̣Ҳ׼˽
лҪ˵߽ûлҪ˵

ھʮ

滳ĳ, ܿͱ۾Ը˵滳Ҳ֪ʱӦͣ, ӿ, ص⻪Է
ͣó֮Ĭ³, 滳鼱æϣ§סļͷ۵ʣ, ôˣҰֵ˵ʲôңҪòã
û, ֻһѡǿЦ˵, Ŀǻԡ̩ȷû˵Ƿֿ, ֻڸжô滳顣
ܡ滳նط, ֻ, ΪʲôѹοҲֻ˵˵ѣһ˵ʲô룬, Ҫһ˱
ҧ, 滳е, ƺָܵ˸ղǱд̴ʹ
ûȥϸ滳θλ, Ȼȥ滳ĺãһֻһͷΪرԼеУΰܹߵóԶġ
, ס滳ֱۣɤһǿЦ˵飬ҳȥʱûԷڶˣȥһòã
滳üһ仰˵Цȥƽ滳ü䣬Ц˵Ķˣţ棬˵ô
ȻҪٳһ滳ţ棬滳ղãȼʳֵľϲģҲ
ĬΣ滳ͷãޡطңȥ
뺬ЦĿ߽ţŽȥڳ⿴ʼɵæµ
ܾ֮ǰǻû໥ϲʱѾʼ滳ʼΪԷģҲʼҪΪ滳Щʲô
Ǹʱ滳СΪţģֱԾɱӡԺ滳鼴ʹǷ֮أҲȻôעĿ
þõ滳ıӰջĿ⣬ص˷
Ϊ̩ĻʼԼôо˻ɡ滳һ֮ǼȦҪϢӰϢųȥ֮Ҳûٸ۴
Ӧò滳ڱ󾿾Ϊ˶١
򿪱ʼǱԣָԥ¼̣Լ֡ǰϰٿƣԼһЩϯı
Щʮƽûκ쳣
ҳʱܹеȼ汨ֻȥʱʾȴǡҳԭַѱɾʾ
һЩеСϸںȻʱӿԺʱ滳ɫصشŵ绰ÿ߽滳ǲһؽͨ
Ķ̫ȻȻо绰ݾ
һᣬ̵ڴл䣬һһεشʵӣǿһɬ÷ӣ²ʲ¡
滳ʱľۿײ룬ٹ˲ȥʲôæڲ輸ϣ߹ȥߣ̾ӵ룬Բˣܿˡ
ҡͷ滳Ѿ̫ˣû滳İţԼѾûû滳飬ҲͱȦӳԵͷʣ
̫ˣֻ滳ȥģֻܱ滳鱣þڻǵĹϵѰʱһʱѡҲѯױˡ
滳ͷȥ۾ˮ̵﷢ࡣ
оٹпܷ״ЩӦǶйģоһǰδе̩˵ʲôѹ
̧ȥĨϵۣ۽ǣգʵ룬ҸղҰֵ˵ʲôӦҲҵĵ飬ҲӦҪһԵġԼһ˱ôģ
滳ģһѶ۵иţԼȥֻü೤Ŀʹ
ֻ滳󣬽滳ı滳˷յʱܹ滳һˣҲҪһˣȴԼܹȥάôδİ飿
Ǹеı׶˼̩У˵һ䣬滳ŵľٶӡ֤̩Ļ̩
ʲôǣΨһĳ룬ӵ滳ġ
Ťͷ˿Ϧֿ˲輸ϵ̣˳滳·ʵʵ飬Ҫȥ鷿˺ôҳ棬Ȼ󿴿ӡ
滳ս֣ٶü㻹ûңҰ˵ʲô˵ڣҾȥ˵ֻҪһ𣬷ʲô鶼Ҫǿһ
ȶ飬·ܹůһб᳤ܶõجΡҧҧסھϽܹůԼһŻ档
ѾټұӦʵԤһְֲͬһȻ׼һǺѹ
ĿɬͬˮĴģһ˱һ˸ߣһ˱һӿ滳˿ģ۾
Ҿ֪Ұô˵滳ﴽһЦıӣˣĽҡעˣԲκвǣҡ
벻֪ѾЩ׼ֻ⻰ͷһȣҪ滳֪ܹвǵĲ̩Դ
ܣ̫ˡٶ׼ﲻְ˵ʱͻȻѹɵģͷıѹ£̧ظü塣
滳ͷչüͷ̾˿˵Ұֿ˵㣬ҺܺãҴӺСʱͺ˳ҡһΣҲˣһʱ̽ܲҪ֣֪һҪľ
ᣬջǾ۵׳滳顣ã滳ҪľòĽ
飬ҶˡŬŬ죬ģɲ١ǸԱΪ˲滳鵣ģʱҲݡ
ãǲ˵ˣ棬ٲҪˡ滳ЦЦſ
ʱѾӽʱ䣬Ҫţ棬ҲͶһݣô˵
滳ûȥ鷿񣬶Ļڿ˵硣
滳鱾ǲ̫ϲӾģϲɢ뻭Ǵ񣬵֮ͬ뵹ǾӾ磬Ҳһˡ
ҹȺϴ׼Ϣںŵ˴ŲѾ˫滳ߣϰߵԼС
δ˯ŵ滳ЦһסԼ°͸ԼļͷʱµȺ
飬ôʡ
ûУأ滳黺ۣԼŵӱӵţһ˿϶ûС
Ҳ˵ţͷ滳ĲһЩغţǵ滳һ²ӣϷһ䣺飬㡭
滳һ죬һ£˵˯
벻ֻ滳ζȻͷһᣬһ滳ںڵķ䣬Ѹٵûû˿׵ģԾӵ滳飬ȡ滳ϵů
滳ϸ滳һǣעеĸ飬ɫͻ˵飬Ұ㡣仰׼˺ܾãǲ֪Ӧʲôʱ˵Ҳ֪ôȥ˵˼ȥ־òҪôֻҪߣܹ˵͹ˡ
ûж滳ȷе˵ֻ˵һᰮϡǵһΣ滳ееİе˼סĵļ¶Ҫתȥ
飬ת滳飬תԼȴ档
ֻǿѹźʣƽȣ㣬뱣㣬㱣һһڻκ飬ܵ˺ҵĸ׵ĸס飬Ҳһذ㡭
Ϊĸ壬ĹޣֻǱ㰮ߡŮˣҲŮˣƣĹػǵˣң˭Ϊޱ
滳鹴ŴǣָԼ֣滳Ļڿˣתȥòãҿ㣬ұףܲܲҿһۡ
֣滳̾ͷ˸ŵľ۵롣ģԾǳǳЦţǰ·һӵ滳顣
ʲôұ׺ίô滳۵۾ϷʵỰȤֻܵѣʹӡ
뼸Цֿޣ滳ۣվѹɬü䣬ϸ룬Ұ㡣
滳һ˵һȥˮ֪ȫΪ֪ģпɬϲá
ЦŰӵ۵ƵŹһأӾͲпˡǿһϰ࣬һ°࣬һذԷҲżһͥۻᡣˣһֻèһֻǿһΪ֡
滳㽣ߵЦҲţָ̧滳˿ֵ٣ؽӡ
ãڣôáЦһ滳黰ԸӦ
滳ԸҲԸ˿ͷͬʱֳָ仰
ҪȥСѾ֪ˡϸ룬˼ĺҲ͸ǿܹõϿɵļҲһЩԲԣ
飬ҵȷԼ󣬱㰮ϧֻҪżֵģܻŹȥ
ǣһΪǵİƬ죿
ҿߣҪʱҲס
лҪ˵߽лҪ˵ϣܹһ
һ㣬Ǵӵһ¾̵浽ڵġ
粵裬Ĵѹ֪йϵ֮ȴ֣к粵ĨڣԼƽ滳ı
һᱻ˵ףʵڴдĵʱûȥЩ˵ֻǲ˫٣ܹҲȥ㡱
ڵȷˣҵĳҲֻдôһ׵Ĺ£ҪĶͨ
۹׵Ķߣֻ˵ҺܱǸ

ھʮһ

ĥӲ, 滳鱻Ƴȥϰࡣε̾, Щ, 밮ԵĲ͵, ڼһ緹
ղ޲ͬķȴƺԵøЩ, 뿴ˡ
ϸعҺ滳鳣·һһ, СĵظƽֽϵͷӰڷ, ΢Ц, ȴһһεˮ, ڱ, һͱŵĨȥ˺ۼ
Ѿ׵ֻһЩ·, ǵ滳ʱصǼ滳·
䣬ָӴϿʼӹ, ӵߵĴ, 滳˵, Ұ㡣
ӣǿѹͷɬЦݣɳ滳ʱϲɳűʼǱԹǰ鷿, ҪɳԼ֮滳ϰߡ
Ȼ滳ǰ¸ߣЦĥ͸η
ĽŲ¥ϻţ䱻϶ƳԶ·ҲŲԸȥ
վ¥ڣ۾Ŷķ䣬ҪȥԺֳָ滳еߣʢŵڶҲܲס¥ֱ뿪ٻͷһۡ
滳һֱúܲƵûţ˵Ѿĸоֻһֱ룬ûʱȥ룬һ侲ȻеΪʡ
ֱˣЦݣߵ칫ſȥӭӡ
뺬Ц߽칫ң滳Ǵȥס֣΢΢һЦ룬ôˣһ쵽°ʱȥ緹ؼҵġ
ôô봽ţ滳ǳЦģƺϸСϸܵš
ҿûô˵滳ϵºͣ̾Ȼһػûȥ㲻Ҫ֮ǰҶҪСѾ֪ˣҲ˳Ȧˣܶ鶼Ҫôηηβˡ
滳üĿչģĿںȻͳһ£ʶؽ滳ŵس飬ֻûüӦ滳ü˫ֶסֻ֣е룬ôˣﲻô
Цҡͷû£Ҳ֪ΪʲôͻȻһ¶ѡһ±ӣһ㱧ס滳Ц飬һȥòãиطȥ
滳ʵʲôط
ôʲô֪ˣﲻԶһ͵ˡ벻ɷ˵ȴʮּ֡
ðɡ滳ֻõͷͬ⣬°ʱҲ쵽ˣǰһ㵹ǲҪ
ȥĵطȷʢⲻԶֻǾ滳鶼֪˾ֵС߹հ˹յģȻһҹɫС̡Ϸǹӵľƣһȴ̺żֺֻġ⡱ֱϡ
룬ʲôط滳Ťͷ
ݸһЦǣ滳ߡ
󣬵ǹʮ㣬ôţ滳ľһƬ߼ʮľǳˮĶУȻЩȴƺֶСꡣ
ⲻôþûѽһ꺩˼ֺ߳Ǻǵظк
壬þòһЦĿһڷŵĲ
Ϊ˸滳ͷкڹ̨߹ŵԿϸһѻͷݹȥЦţԿס
лллȻŰȺŵ滳ȥ
滳ע⵽ĲȻ࣬ڷŶȴûȼģѾྶͥȴʲôֻ֪ľͷ
ֱԼĲȥСɵԿ׽ųɹ򿪣óİƷԼߣֺ˹š
ϣ滳ǿľƺЩ죬ԥʣǣˣ
ţһˣһǿĴСļ̌ͷ滳ЦЦڹ߰һʽĶ̵ʼ޿̡
滳¿ղϰ̬ȣӦʱĵط뵽㰲һԣĿеľϣ
̹нר־Ӱ̣ҲҵΪʲôеԭ
뵭عЦݣͷҲ̧˵ҵѾ˺ܾˣСʱ;иԺϰľĶ㹻Ļر𻮷ֳ˾ͿѡԼҪľе̡
Ϊʶкֻ֮ص˺Ժֻǰ
滳ᣬע룬ôϲϵ̵ģҺû˵֪ϲʱܹ
ͣ¿̵ָղ޹ĵطᴵ˴ľм䣬̧ۣ۵ޣǸʱմ뿪ңѧĩҲͶˣʱ䣬ҪѧͻؼҲҪǿȥѧϰһЩҲϲĶ
һ죬ҷҵֻ꣬һԣҿʼµĹ̡ʱֻҪʱͻҲ̳ණֻͬѧϲҲһһ˳ȥ
ذ˰漴Цü䣺飬㿴һľͷԭʼ̬̳ԼҪģǲǺ˼
ۿЩĺףȻ˿ЦУȻ˸С滳Ц΢΢ͷţͦ˼ҳʱ䣬Ҳ̽ҡ
ּɲزһ£Ѹٵػָᡰšһ֮ϸϵĿ̵޿̡
ãںõĻ˵ľҲ̹Ǹ͸裬ʽǩԼ̤Ȧʱ򡣡
˵꣬ЦЦ¿̵ľмߣ̧滳飬˵ҵʱţһܳᵣңңȴֲܼҡԣľң
ЩƣۿҲʪʱ滳ŸоǿҵĲкܶ˵ļ䣬ľٶ̫˻ɣⲻѰ
룬ôˣȥھȥɡ滳ЦݣץסվҪߡ
Ȼվȴһ˫˲ֱֱͨ滳飬һӾ
룬߰վŸʲô滳һץ֣벻սʤķ
ᣬǿԼһĨЦݣеľ滳һֻģЦ˵ɶԲԣǻ飬Ǹġ
ˮӿ滳֣Ǹľȵ滳ģռƽȵߣ飬ҲȥˣҲܶһ˳еУҲܰǵĽѹһϡ˵㲻ҵİˣôġ
滳ѹԼԼĿ˫ȴҲͨ˻ƣϲһҲԸ⣬ʲôԵģҾú֣ܿԸ⡭
ҲԸ⣡ϣᣬҧƾʲôԼһȥܣҵʲôôǣΪʲôеôûãʲôʸ㰮
ĴΪĻ죬ֻ˫ץס滳ֱۣͼ֧Լվȵӡ滳߳ȵʹ಻˫ֹۣٿһۡ
Ұ˵ʲôԲԣ滳ɫͳ־䣬˵ˣֻҪһ𣬱ĶҪ˭ȥʲôνܹһ͹ˣʲôҪ
Цһҡҡͷ̧ȥĨᣬЦô򵥣ΪǻСô鶼ֻһ˵飬һܹôף棬ĸס
Ƕ֪᳹׺Ը㡣ǻ飬㣬ְҴѹףãǵôǣǵĸ鲻ܵӰ죬ãҿΪұôܹұ۹ôǾӦٿڹƼô
̧һֻȥĨԼᣬЦţӵס滳飬ˮ滳ļͷ˵飬˵˽ҲãôãҪ㶪ںˡһһΣҷ߲ɡ
ܾ֮ǰ֮滳Ŵε滳һ֮һΣһΰɡ
滳ҡͷס룬õƵ˵룬һؼңҪȥʲôڣҿ԰㲻ôһһ˵šһؼҡǿŵĿǻڴ˿̾һѼ⵶ࡣ
ľŵ˫ֱһһЦ˵飬ˣǵöഩ·Уʱָɳ֣˶֪ڴʲôˡˣҲڵʱͻص鷿ɣڿŵ̫ˡ
ģֻƾģӡ滳鴽ߣɬˮմȾ˵ĴǣĿڷۡ
飬ˣҪͷҡʼҾͲȥˣҪҷģҲߵᣬ˰۾۵üҪ
뺬ӡ滳Ķϣ󣬺ģɿͷҲص߳š
֪Ϊ¿޳첽뿪ʱ˳ҡҡ׹ת涵ؿԶֱҲ
лҪ˵ʵҲԶ

ھʮ

ϿһƬ, ʱгƵ, ²ñӭһꡣ
Ҫ붬, ķ綼ѾŶĺ⡣뿪ų, ңԶյƣͨۿδɡ
ųӷӺӾ￴, Ǹ㣬Բ𡭡
ܹԤ֪һҵԼ, һԶ̩, ܶùٵ̽ࣿ
˵ЩʲôãջĿ, Цһҡϳɫƽ, ֻ֪, ׾ڱʲôʲô˶٣ȷɹˡ
̩, ӷ֪滳ΪԼȥ֪ҿԳΪĺǰ, ̩յں, òȥ
ʹǰ, ̩Ļȴġ㹻ǿôˣܹ滳һ𲢼磬ôΪ滳ߣ
ӷ̾һ߿ųһ߶˵СǰȲģȻϵ涭, ˽¶˵ʲôȷʵֻ֪˵涭Ը
˫ۣ޹ֻ۾۵滳鰧ʹԺֻ̣︡֡Լȥ롣
٣ڲܹ롣
ĿΣ˵֪ˣлл
ӴԼʻСʱŵУԶĿǰľڽׯ԰Զʮǰӻӷĸ֮󲻾ñ㽫˾ܲǨƣ仧еķӵûӷѧʱס˽ȥֱڱʱء
ׯ԰ĽΪйоأݻϸȴҲŸ˼ҵׯϵ̣˲С
봽ǻһЦݣ治֪Լһбļͥ
ӷ³ǰߣΪ˴ƳĬ߱˵ϴѧ֮ҺٻϹڶһˣһֱչ˰֣żҲȥҡ
˶٣мģϿҶ˵㣬ܲһ㡣ʱ֪Ѿˣߵִһܣֱڣûиֽ飬ΪңҲͲ
תͷȥĴһߣɼĵ䡣ȫûа취׼ҪӦԶ̬Ըǰˡ
գͷãˡ
ӷһӡвõЦݣ˵˵лл㡣
Ṵ𴽽ǣЦȴûж١͵𣬼ȻһӣαػҪǧټưŮһԶĸŮҪӻӷĸӵľٶΪ顣
ûдôȻʵ
ӷһ£ͣ½ŲŤͷ̽Ŀеͷţѧרҵҵ֪ʶأһֱ⡣
ѹ֣ЦЦŲǰߣֻӷ˵ѧʱ۵׷⡣
滳飬Ҳϲ
¥Ѿһˣõ¶Եڴ벻
裡ӷһȥݸȺŵӶˣΪܵ㣬衣
û˵еס֣׽ȴ˵ɣ
ֻǵ˵ͷû˵ҲѹԼҪֵľٶӦһʵˣ͸ĸȷΪĸӶֿˣס
߽ԸӶˣǰСõá
üźþУԼϲΪǰ󣬸ҪĶ
С˵ȥȻ⣬ҲԾɷԸˡ
Ӷ¥˵أҪ̸
⻰ġȻԶӷ֪֪ԸؼңҲ֪Ϊʲôвȡ
ӷֹ̾ü˵룬֪㲻ԸҲ֪ܿˡǲôҾһֵĻٽġ
²⣬ȴ֪⡣صңԶŮܹ㹻ں滳Ĺϵϲв
Ȼ֪ΪʲôͲΪҵɸеôҲüͷɫƽؿ硣
Цҡͷס֣ĿͬӢĴȰ֪ʱȹɺ룬ʲôȥУͯ޷ǧٴҪֲʲôʸȥֲ
˵ö飬붼ͯʱĸһĻ˴˵ֻ˶٣֣˵ĸҲûʸȥδֻε˽˵ʧΪһ׮
ϿңȫûĿ̱ϬѾʼ˼Ҳп϶˵Զô˽һζ˵ȷʵһܹǿĻᡣ
δӻԶ¥ƴȶࣺ뵽ˣûʲôµĻ鷿һˡ˵꣬ŲԶȥ
Ŀת˲÷·Ҫǰת¥
鷿ԶͷŲ衣Ų΢΢һЦ۵ӿ˿飬Ժֳ︡ʮǰδӢʱһ˺ֵĻ档
䵭
ôƺĸ׵ģԶתΪĳƺ۾ֶЩʹ
Цһ˵ô꣬Ҹ趼ôģҴûмҵĸڣôһˣڣôͬѧĳЦȴ
׵ۿԶ˫ΪŭȭĸͲˣÿһӢҪɷʱÿһԼҪ׵ʱˣͲˣ
Զ޽Ѿ˰߰׵ķ˿ؿЦţŲƺЩģȥɳ£ղŸʹ˲٣֪ңô죿ǲԸͬڣ뾡취ҪӢҲԸҡ
ֻؿȴӿžκˣ˵ԶӷĸĻһͥ磬ĴӢŮˣԶ
ͼƽԼ˫ۿɳϡãۿ룬룬ҹңҵ̳СֻΪ뱲ӵĴƴΪĸ顣ӷֻ㣬ܽҵλӡ
ǲȥ滳飬֪ܲˣֻΪθȥŬԼôܱȶоΪά滳Ľ
ãҴӦĴǹĮĻȣûһЦ۵ףʲô֪ҲΪ뱲ӵĴƴΪģֻҪĵһ𣬲ҪǵĿơ
»ת߳鷿ӶȥźøԼķ䣬ɫѾ𽥰ȴּܲ
Լ·һ滳·滳ʱġָ·Ử¶һ˿Цݣȴһᣬһ̼·ϡ
滳˵벻ڣ˯ò̤ʵ䣬ҲúܿաǸʱ飬ôᣬĻôůԶܹһƬ
̧ȥĨԼᣬȥ滳ֻƬȥ֮ĵιֻһһظԼ飬һȥ
лҪ˵һ¸Ƥ

ھʮ

Ľ, ÿ춼ڷϧ, ȻȴΪκһ˶ֹͣת, , ļɡ
Ȼ̶ʱӿֳé®ȦˡЩ˻ž˵ò, žտݼֻŶ˵ĸ
̽, ճƽĺҲӿ˾κˡ
˯ǰ, ߷Ŀ⵭ɨǽϵıڹҵ, 沥ŵĲƾ̸ΪϤһ˿
ŵּһֱ׷Ŀ, Ҳﲻ, ϣڸļල£̶ܹȵȥ
ֳ侲Բɷò, Ů˽ʵôܣָļּǡ
ʵŮƺ, ǳЦ˵Ļ顣
˻, ߷ܾ, ĸһɲײᡣ
߹һĨЦžңص˵ӡ
ȥţΤѩᰣ΢Ц, ô˻ûϢ
Τѩ᰼ôҲ㲻СǼëƤС£ĸһ㶼ҹ֡
ţмġΤѩᰵͷЦ߽ɳϣһԣš
߷г˳߹ȥΤѩߣΤѩҪ˵ĻƺͬѰöûпڡ߷㾲ţԼĸüͷǱȴǰǳݣһӾ֪⡣
裬ǲ˵Щйҵı߷ԥſ˿ڣҸĺԵЩԣô
طý彫ԼĺԵԴȥȻǵأ˵ݣѾ˽һ֮áĸ֪֮еģֻǿ´һЩǣžþû
ǰʱĺڹ˾ͣǵƬ΢ģع֮Ȼתء
Τѩҡͷ̾ŮСģЦһҸ˺ܾãӦôȥ㣿ӦôȥĺӣҪҪŬȥֿǣһȥصԭȵĹ
߷һʱӿͷ裬Բ𡭡
Τѩ۵ذŮ룬Ǳ㣬һƾƣǲǾ֪ǲǾͻ˳ǣԼȥԼϲˣ߷㣬ⲻҪĽǡ
ɳǿѹĿǻѹͷţ˶ݣҶСҪ󲻶࣬еǶУҲϣŮİΪκֻһҪһԼˣĲˣҲ˵ˣô
֪һ̶Ϲ߷һִˣܲػˣɷܹ̫࣬ԸҲԾΪ˳ӦǶǿԼܡ
ƾƾһӣǾ˴󣬸涼˭ȻԼɷϿɣ˺Ů
Դƾ֮Τѩ᰸Ѿٲֹ߷ĸ飬ȫŮԼǾٺΣǵŮϲŮĵԸ⣬ֻĺʱƷʵǷĲ¡
ãҼ߷£סΤѩᰵûԥصͷӦ裬Ҽ˼ʵѾνˣΤѩ᰻˼ǳȷΪ˲ˣϲģǾͻܡ
Τѩ۵ĨȥᣬʧЦôˣʲôֲ֪ô˵ҲŹġǾͲˣʱˣͰ˴һ˳Ըòã
ã֪
߷ᣬӣסΤѩᰣļͷЦһ䣺ɵӣô˻ޱӡ
ΤѩĲԸǿ߷㣬ȴҲĴһЩԼ߷칫ҵϿԿθߴòͦҲΪɣϹ߷κȱ㡣
С㣬֪ƽʱĻЩʲôȤأǿ˽һ¶ԷҲйͬȤҲ˵׼˱ŻӸĸ֮߷֮ҲһЩҪչ뷨
ô߷һڿȣ΢΢һЦʱһ֣ڼҵĻ鷨ƾĽĿ
Ե˵Լûȥʲôֻ߸ʽѣԼҪġ
鷨ƺȤʵ֪СóӲʻʣҶ鷨ҲȤһֱҲͬá
߷ָĦűӣҸϲʣһ㶼ڼƽʱܹ࣬ҲʹӲڰ칫֡
ԭǿϧˣһΪҿԼС֡˿ЩʧһЦҪ´ǿԡ
û˵꣬һұĵʹӰ칫ſƮ˽Сӣûѽ
ĺһְҵװǻ˵ױľݣŸ߸Ь߽߷ֵµѾֲ֣ҴС㾭Լϰ壬ҲҪͨҪԤԼϰ嶼ûҲҶ໰
С㣬⡭Щվüĺԣֿ˿ûҪֹ˼Ĺ߷㡣
ҺܱǸҵѡ߷εҡͷЦҲվ״ӽ첻̸ȥˣڹҪҵĵطһƴǡ
һ仰ûжĺ˵붯ĺԵĵλĺˣνҲͿֹͣˡ
ҲЦˣ֮ǰ˼׼ֻΪ߷ԸԼҲĴԲţڿǵŶȺܸߣתۡ
ǺãȻˣҾͲˡС㣬С㣬лټָ߷òգֿĺԣûд𻰣ֻŴͷ
칫ֻʣ֮ĺ԰ѹİӵɳϾ߹ȥ§ס˹߷㣬˵Сӣһھ˶㣬˵ôôأ˻˵㡣
ЩԹΪӽ߷㣬ò˭֪ﶼװʲôˮء
ʲôǼ͵ĶѣҸʲôϵǿԹģ߷۵׻һĨܿʧ
ĺһ£һӶϵЦҲ뵽߷ѾûʲôˣֻԾû˵Ǹѡ֮
ӵӹǣ߷μӾۻʱȥӵģ°ʱ߷Ҳ˾¥סûͬӣÿһϸڶѾϤѾˣ߷㻹ʲôأ
ĺЦɿ˻Ź߷ƽ۵ף˵Ѿôˣô㻹Ҫȥʲô֤Ҷĸ飿˵ֻҪǵĹϵԸȥ
⻰ƽɹ߷ȴ޶˵رһᣬʶػرסĺԲһˣǸ߰ģĿģƫƫΪ˰ĥƽеǣֻΪǨԼǱ΢˼
ĺԣѾˣҪˡ߷ḧĺ󱳣̾ǾĻȴþ˵ڡ
жôĲҳϣ߷㶼Լ˼ΪĺԵĹȥԼסĺԣгһվţҲĺĳһ˦Լ֡
ĺһղŽʱıȫûȡ֮Ũصʧ䣬СӣſҰɣˡ
ҪȥĶҳ緹ô߷Цһתס󲻷š
ʲô緹û飬ҸղǸеȥԺˣҪˡĺ˦˼֣˦ҲûٶЩ
ĺԣˣҲԡ߷һסĺԵϸغҵ̫СˣҳϺܶԼҪġѾϰߵʧȥˣɾΪϰߣҲȥ׳ϡһ쵱ʧȥʱܲסʹܵ˺Ҫصö࣬ô
ĺԱ߷һı׸ˣ鶼ţֱضšֱù߷ɫʼ죬ίصʣúûаȫôôȥţôҷĵظȷϹϵôѾŬ˰
ҹ궼ȥˣƻ˴ڨܾ̾һضܶܶǰЩѶϵڻȴֵؾԼȦҲڸıԼһЩϰԣΪֹ߷ʶѾˡ
֪ҶԲ㣬ˡ߷˫ĺԵ۾ʵǲǿ쵽ˣ
ĺԻͷϣ֪߷Ҫʲôװģƾһ£Сûңʲô
߷ЦһĴָָĦĴǣʮһһҪģ԰꣬òã
ĺһ£˫ץסֱۣżʵǴҪôǲǣң
߷Ҫǲ˵ĺԶˣ֮Ȼôʱ䡣Լʮĵʮһ꣬ȻԼҲôĸԸغţĸԸؼԼһȫµˣֻΪܹϲϿɣΡ
ˣȱʣҶˣȥ緹߷§ĺԵת˸칫ߣ廹Щ궯ɴĺԶҪһʱ׼ɣ˾ʮŲѵһҲҪԼô
˳ԣĺżҲѹһɳ嶯˽Ųס˹߷Լͷ֣һΡ
߷Цãұ֤һΡ
лҪ˵СҸҪ

ھʮ

ĺǰȷǷ, ԴǰЩݵԵҲõסֻûʧ, Ҫõ, ȫĸо, ֻڹ߷
˵ǰЩܹƵϲĻôڶԹ߷һݸԳƵǰˡֻݰĲ̫, ĺԼ֪߷˼ŵ, ѪҺĲ֡
򽨰ؼĺҡüͷ, º, һʵĺԣô˳üģ˭۸ˣ
ĺ΢΢, ˵û۸, Լء
Ӵ˵˵ָ⡣򽨰, ɻѵŮҲзյʱ, ܲ棿
ĺЩ, Ȼ, ǰδеģ֣Ҳˣһϲˣеġ֪һֱҾϲ, û취ˣǰЩ˸СĴָȲϣҾһ𡭡
Խ˵ԽίЩҪӣ򽨰صɴ۾Ҫŵڵϡ
ŮǰһЩ˻ŮŮУ򽨰شͼѣáˣֻϣһƷһˣŮ˶ãܰá
ǸŵǸ˼Ůô򽨰ʵ
ԣĺ˵߷㣬۾ð˹Ƶģûһή
Ƕһþôնˣ㻹üʲô򽨰ûбֽԴǲʲô˺˼ҵˣ
ĺԱ̾ҪѿڶġûСӲرʻضȥ˺߷㣬ԼĹȥȴǺ֮Ľᣬù߷ԥӱܡ
ûУֻһֱûи˵ǵĹϵһֱֻѡִӦԲٱЦһͷԼĽֺͷįˡ
򽨰Ǻ޲һӴֱûйӣɴסĺԵĶ䣬໽лʱѵ˼ҹ߷úһŮӣϲĻ˭㴫ôʱ䣿ǰЩѸʲô𣿰˵˵ô˵ʲôʵԵ֪ǲһôûаɣһ㰲ȫжû˼ô㣿
һɸֵ˵һѣĺŶֱۣ򽨰صĻȥˡ
Ϊǵ뿪ʱʹ滳飬Ϊʲôһλ滳ô׵룬Ҳô׵ȥɧŹԼ˵ӡ
ǵúʱ鵭Ȼ滳۵һĨ˼ĿشԶΪȫС϶һܹöԷĵĸоָоӰ죬ǿƲסԼǣֻҪѭʵĸܡ
ȫУǷ߷ģѰ쵽ȴֲʲôĶ
ĺ˼ʱ滳ӢҪݱ
ɳվӢЦЦ˵ʱҲˣҸûȥˣ̲ͣԼȥͿˡ
ãǻ·עⰲȫӢҲƴǣվҪĿ뿪ʱȻʲôæ˵㿴ң˽쿾˵С⡣ٵȵȣҸһ㣬ûȥ賢
߱ЦⲻôӦûϲģϴ͸Ҳϲ̫ģΰרΪĿζġõֽд򿪣Сĵؽһһ룬֮óڿŵ滳顣
滳ûоܾӹ΢΢һЦлл̣ڼһֱ䰢պãοпڸˡ
뿪֮ɶεŰݷá
ĶŮĸеٵӢ̸ΪĻеϧӢ˵滳֮ദҲǱĬؽŮθ顣˵ףҲӲŮ۰
Ӣ¶Ц⣬滳ֵ̧ˣ³ĶҵҪóԶˡ˵ֺȻ뵽ʲô˳˵ڵĻҲһϲĲˣһϲоա
΢Цŵݺ滳鴽ߵǳЦƺΪ仰þòԡ
滳еĴӣ˰β˵ģӦңܿͻ
Ӣ۵滳ͷظţǰģģֻʱѡˣ֪ôôҹҹġ
ߵʱֻ滳һ棬ĸףõҲһصĵǸš
֪̫Ҳ᲻̫ࡣɼô᲻ãҲǰȥ滳顣
滳鵭һЦһʱɬ΢ͷڣӣ˵һҪͷģʱ̿ɲҪ̡
ӢοЦЦ˵ȻᣬҲҵŮ˵ˣҪ̰ȻҲҪȻ㣬ϾҶҪúѵһ١
ºпŻɳƣ滳עӢҪٶȸʱӢȻ˵飬϶룬Ǿһ𣬽һɡҰҵŮΪҶ֮⣬Ҳ벻˭˭ദϡ
뿪ʱ滳ӢȻģ޶£Ӣó滳ԼЩ滳ǲ¶ǰģ飬ҲӲŵļǿ
滳˺һľϲһһЦݳֿʵҲû˱ҸԹҪľǵȻúóͷ˶٣۵ȾЦ⣬ʵ˵ǲǣ衭
Ӣ滳㿪ҡ
벻ڵʱǻصĸסţֻʱ˵˵ҳʱ̩֮󣬸Ů֮ҲôһЩ׽
ѴӢûĵ⽻̣ٸɳ֮¥Ҫȥ鷿õļطȴ̩档
ĬĬ뿪̩ǰıʼǱԷȴ
诣ҲȨƵϷӣ㲻ǮƵ׿С㣬֮ǲǾͲôѡ
Ůõ꣬·Ԥδվ֮ݶա
ְ̧̩¿ոӰƬ̧ͣ򾲾վſڵ滳飬üۼټĴȰڵݼܾտշ磬½˼ݹӰƬ͵Ӿ磬ϲԡⲿӰ
˵ţվùϵıӣĿһֱͣ滳ϡ
滳鵭һЦ˵һֱ㣬ǵȦ̽硣
̩ÿɷ뵽Щţ۵ӿһЩοһ΢̾Ϣ˵飬ҵŮܹΪıҰͷ˭㵽ͷǡ
㣬ٰݼڣҶܲΪĽǡһͥҪģһûǸٻڡ
ɵ˲ˣһ˳ĽܳŶãиһһ˿һԼûУһҪΪߡ
ԵЩƣüͷſ滳飬ҲüĬι˿ãûʧúܺãûͷȡκεİŬʱսʢй֮޲
滳һֹЦݣΪõ϶Ľһֱܹʹûҡ
Լİ˰Լٸҹŵˣ̩϶һ̣滳ޱȵ˼
̩ЦЦ˵ҳԷɣ⺢ӶӰˡ
֣˵ʲô滳ʱ˫ۣϲú𾪳˫һʱӿķȻǿҵϲվ΢ռϷ硣սŰ֣Ŭؿ̩飬ȷԼĲá
ƺȷ滳Ĳţ̩˵飬ҪĴǲɢǣֻϣǵδᱻһЩȫҪӰ졣
滳գգۣߵЦԽů̩״΢Ц˻ȥ¿ոӰƬš
ӰƬתĲУ̩滳뿪һ˵֣лл
鷿ųױպϺ̩Ŀ͸ĻǰԼ
滳֮շתߣ𾪹ŭ嶯̶̼죬Ǿһֻأеı
Էֿ滳ΪĿĴ㣬ֻеļƻ滳˵ļ仰ϣ
ǶλĿʼǶԽ쳹׵ĽҶڡʼʱҪһӣʱҲĲԸټ
̩еļƻһҹ֮ήˡ
ʹһ˷˼궼ڹ滳飬ôٻѲԤƵʱ䣬ȡΪ·İˣ
ڣΪĸףá
лҪ˵߽ûлҪ˵

ھʮ

ȫֶ, һ׽ϸĸо, ƫƫָоԾһһλá
ĺ˼ȥ, һ, Ϊù߷֪ԼĵλǰЩͲͬЩֻ·߷ǹޡ
ߵϼýǵɫӳú޼, ߷üŵһĳЩů⡣
СӿءĺԿɲٿ, ˷żذԼ, 򽨰غڿˡ
Ůϲ˱ϾǸŮ, ¹߷̫һʱӭȥ, ס߷ֻϲЦСɣĺ, οڴؼˡŤͷĺŭĺԣ㻹ʲô
ҪʲôĺһҪʲô
ĸ, һûʲôʧˡ߷Щ, ˵ҲŤͷһĺԡҲִ̫, °͸ٳƵİԼ, ȫûǰ׼
ʱ򽨰ֺǺ߹ʹԼŮĺ磬ʹɫЦ˻ʲô϶ĺżˣ
ѽ, ߿ˡĺһ򽨰ص֣һģתͷֻ˸ضԹ߷˵СӣȥԷɣͽ㰮ԵĲˣһ٣ߡ˵Ź߷ȥ
߷ԽԽ죬ٿ򽨰غ䣬ĺǾܾ־ܾܵĻȻ˵Ѿһһͬˡ
Ϊ߷ĵҽĲȱҪʢ࣬ǹ߷㰮ԵĲ˾ռ˲һķʱĺȻѹ߷ԼߣǰĸĸȻٷ忪ʼׯ
û꣬Ȼ򽨰ȻԵõƷžƣ״һĺԣ֪ŵش˴ڷµ֡
Ǹе顭ɤӣŤͷһɻؿԼĹ߷㣬һ˲ɽ緢һϯġ
ЦЦ߷ֵϣղˣ֣裬Ƕ֪Ұ߷ʲô˼Ҳǰһʲôˣ뷨Ǵӽſʼģϲ֮
ҺҪһҲ֪ٲȡܿҸ֮Ͳκηչһ˶һҪȥһһӵˣ֪ģҲûģҲ֪ӦôȥϴɾҵĹȥֻһ𡣡
ĺԽżˣ˵棬ЩɳơŤͷȥ߷ŵ飬¶ЦݣֻǱһᣬһˮۿ
ؽй߷֣һ䡰Сӡһ䡰СӡʱҲ٣ȴׯء
һ䡰ϴɾҵĹȥù߷ͷһᣬ˴ĺԳΪıһĻĻ˲ӹļ䣬֣þò̧ȥĨĺԵᡣ
ˣôƯױ޻˿ô죿߷ջرĺס֣Ĵָϸˮ
򽨰غ䵹ζؿţҲţֱĿȴע⵽Ĺ߷ٴκ
ĺԻڿƺڵĻӦڻ˿ڣѵˮһĺԵգ˵ҴӦˡ
ʱź򽨰زŷ͵һֵӴι˺ˣԷҵŮŮ˵һžԼ˵òԣæֹԲԣŮŶԣŮҲǿԵ
ûһ£ЦˣŮ㵹Цÿˡ
ĺӣڹ߷˼£СʵСӣĵĴӦôǰοôŨŨıһԥЩɰۡ
߷̾ȴûԥ˵ǣǰ͸Ҫյʱ׼ġΪ˵ȣֻǵһͨô
˵꣬ɫЩɿĺԵ˫վ򽨰غ䣬֣صֱ֮ͣӣǰ˵ĸҺܱǸĺҴʧ׵ǹŻûʧ飬ĺģҲǲġ
ңһṼʹҸһŮˣҲܹŵ
ᣬȴ·ᶨ޷ȷԼ˼룬Ȼ˵ˣǾͱȻѾļϵľ
򽨰صͷʮ⣬̧ù߷£΢ЦһˣͲҪˡСأûµʱĺԻؼһԸˣĸĸʱǾһۣ㿴ô
߷ºȻһЦӦȻҽȥ͸Ұһ£һᰲźõģʱĸһ¾ʱ䡣
ͷͬЦ˵ǾͽСˣ˼ҲͲˡɣٲ԰˶ҪˣĺרŽ˳ġ˵ţ߷Ѳ˼е
ⳡ̫гˣľһ׼Ůڸĸ̸ʲôʱл
ĺôţȸֺߣ˳Ťͷȥ߷ʱǡĿԣһЦ仹кΣ۵ȴᡣ
ϯ˵˵ЦЦǢĺԵһĳ̬ЩʱŸĸѯʣ߷
˹߷һͬȥݲ裬򽨰ظĺԸŮڿ߷֪ԼҪԼҲʣʵߡ
򽨰ƽʱϲƷ裬ҲѧЩݲգȻҲӦ֡߷עţ𴽽΢Ц
򰡣һˣƽʱȵ趼˯žĺȴһҲûѧϣЩǲѧá仰ЩЦ⣬˵Ȼ̩˵ĺԵʱΣȴҲ֡
߷˫ֽӹĲ豭ڷ룬ݸһЦѾĵˣǰȫһˡ
Ťͷ͵ǰǰǱ˳Ŀڰһˡ
߷̿ЦһתԼֹɫȺš
Ȼüۼһֻ̬ü΢΢ţ˫ƺ͸߷һѾȥ˵Ļ档
һֱڴߵЦݿʼ˵С㣬ĺԴûд˭ؼ˴С͹ϵܺõĻ⣬ǰϵһЩѣû
֪̰֪ҲǽһʧܡΪЩҪĴֻһݵĸ飬Ҳ˵ȫ棬Ǹһʵġ
ÿ˶ܺãҪԼȥ̸δʱʼã֪Ӧôȥͻر𣬲֪ô㣬ǰЩǲһġС㣬ٷ˵ֻһμ棬ĺ˵û·ļ֡
佫Ŀջأڹ߷㾲ݣ۵ǴЦ⡣
߷ֻĵһۣΪĺԶѹǰܶʱֻĺԵķ۵ĺԴδõҪС
ӣսеһӣǿѹźʣͷĸףҶˡ
ʱ۾ǻƭ˵ģǿĺ֪ôԼеˡ
߷ǰ̫йĺԵԣҲ̫ĺԵֱףȻȻذ߽һΪԼϲϵģһץסķݣסˡ
ʵ߷δϸȥĺԵѵֻЩˣѵֻΪ˸һθôܹ̫̫࣬Щ˿ȸĶҲ಻ʤ
ҹĻĺʱĺ͹߷ţڳǰס壬˵Сӣģô˻ȥʲô
߷ͷĺԽŵ֣Щ֮תԥؽӵĺԣҽҪؼҵģЩļڼˣϰҪáҲŸոռ裬̫ʧˡ
ĺй߷ôֻܵüȻѾȷˣסһʲôԵģ֮أôƹأ
ƹأĺԲмˣαŹ߷һô⣿Ұʲô̬ҲˣǺôҾҪߡ
߷üһǲƵѵĺԣǿʮһˣұ㻹СءûĺԾʮһˣȻǺᣬ䣬Ըʮ㣬ǺϧģϾʮͷ˰
ôһ˵ĺԾͲˣŭʮһôˣʮһ겻ô˭涨ģҾϲô
߷˫Ȧ壬Ǩ͵صͷ϶û⣬ôУǣҽҪؼҡ
ĺԿŹ߷ֱԼ˫ͷһƲƲʹֻ֡ģ̫ίù߷㿴Ų̣ûſپסĴ
ĺ۾ǰůЦ㶵ɹ߷㻺Լеأư㹴Լͷ
⸽ֻܰ˱ʱ𡣹߷㻹ǱȽѵģûþͼ˹ƣĺԵĴصЦĺԣܲܰοٵһأҼȻ˵ˣͲᷴڣҪ˼롣
ĺһ㶣ǱصĲ߷һ仰׵ػټС̫ʱ䣬Ҳı̫ʱ䣬һжֻΪ˹߷ղʱһ̬ĺԲẦǲʵģֻ̫ʵȴ
ϵıڹ߷Ǽ仰֮ڳΪһ˵ᡣѹһ¹߷ĲӣԼҲŸսһЩڹ߷Ķ˵ˡ
˶٣н߻ĻЩٶղֻżѣڴ·ġôɣֻٻˡ
ĺ˵꣬Ըо߷彩סˣĵЦһ뿪߷ĻŲʱķȥ
ֻ¹߷һҪѪһ̧ȥһԼ̵
лҪ˵СҪмܲס

ھʮ

߷ϲԼеó̶, ôʱĺȻԲ˳, ׻ǿһЩн֮ĵ롣
, Գ̰Ϊ, ģҲù߷͵ġ
Ŵ˵ԼѾϲ, ̰ÿÿȻΪʲôûһʱһ, ׼㹻ˡ
ŮĽ, , ѧ, ճǶӡ߷һֱϲ̸, ҲֻĽ̸
͸شս˶̸̰΢Ц߽ŵĹ߷, ԶϿȵķͷл
硣ǹ߷ʱĵһ仰
ȻȻ˵Ůƽ, Ҹ˾ԵȺһԼ͵Ů, ǷǳҪġ̰ЦЦ, ѹ߷ǰĿķһЩǸϵģǰ
߷һЦ̧ϿȱָĦš̰͸¶ϲ, ʾǿȴ˾ͻأ뷴У㵽Ϊֹ
һЩܻù۲Ͱţù߷øദֻҪ˵ĴӲҪȥġδʹϲʲôȣϲʲôʳģֻԼ۲죬֮Լʱã㲻Ҫȥġ
̰Цݱζʵ߷㣬ôҪԼңʱԼ㣬һԼϡ
߷΢򴽽ǣʱΪ֮кȻҪԼ㣬Ҫ˵
лָƽʱǹ֮Ź֮Ŵζ͸¶Ľ֮⡣
ϴ̰һڿȣŵͷ֮۵ӹһ˿ҡ
߷֮ûеܹĳ̶ȣǵµһЩʱǿƲסԼ˼Ӧôȥ߷˵ĸĺǳ٣ĺԵãҲá
ǳ˵һ䣬ĺԷѾĻȥΪıģӵеġ
ſȱָЩ߷㿴ˣѾûʲôĺԵҪ
ףӦ֪ǰʱҸĺԵû֮κһ˵ͬ⣬ǲᱻعġ߷ſȣҸ֮кܶ಻أҲһֱŬȥЩءЩƬ˷ȥġ
ôĺԵĹȥܷϣʱԼץסĺԵĶã޷˵سĺԱܹȥõĻ᲻Ǳ׹ҵĺ
̰Щһ˲䣬ָ˿ȱŹ߷ֵ︡һĨᡣڹ߷ĺԸ绰ʱÿζ
߷㣬ûȫ˵ˣ̰Ӣһƣ˵㿴䵭ʵÿ˶ž룬˵ƾ˺εºܹӵ㣿СҲۣ߷㣬ӦñҸ
֪Լ֪֮߷ݲȴҪŬһΣʹѾǳȷڹ߷Լʱ֪߷Զܡ
֮еأ߷㲢û¶ܹó̰ȼϣ飬ƽ΢ЦţЩҶ֪Ҳ˶ȥ룬Ҹ֮䶼ŹͬԸ͹ˣҲ֪ܸһãҲֶ֪ܹãֻ֪ӵйİ飬գҲԸ
Ϊ˲ΪҸʲôϣǾҪˡ֪˵ܲƽҲ·ϣǶĺԵĲ̡
߷棬ᶨעų̰סĺԵİֻ꼻һ֣Ȼᣬδⲻ㲻ôһ˿һĿܣԸơ
ԸΪĺԶ˫ۣþȫȫͶǰȴģǵͱڡ
̰׿ɬһЦſȱɿɥЩᣬ߷㣬ˡڲף֮ʤЩۿõϣڹͬϲŵߵ
˵꣬ɵŤͷ⣬Цݣȴϲá
߷βٶԣֻ΢΢ͷſȱﱻŵĿȡ˽ٶȣһ뿪
ʱ̰Цһ£ʵ߷㣬СҲԼô
߷㲻⣬̧ۻصţ˵֮Ҳһôˣ
̰תͷļЦڸǹʹǣû⵽⣬㿴ʾ߷㿴⣬ĺվ£Ŀɫ
ȥ֮ĺ̾תŴߣûаҪ˼߷ơ⡱һֹ֮̾ͣˣ͵һ䡰ĺԡվҪ뿪̰ͣ˽Ų
Ǹ
һʲô˵ֻܸô֡
ףȥɡ̰׵ͷʾ⣬ǿԼڿ߷ǽŵľٶʱ౻Ƶʹ
Ź߷첽߳żģͷ΢ЦһڿȡմӲ̶ȵĿܹ̼ζ٣ɽ죬ƺԽˡ
ĺԵĳü죬߷ǿܹϣֻβȥĵ绰ĺԺԥعҶϣɵֺֺЦ
һǰһһ·ĺԵı
ĺѹֲİѹ߷㵲⣬߷һһغ֮ѭ¥һһȥڶ¥ķҵҪóʼǱԹĺԡ
߷ŲǺЦ߹ȥĺתԸԵʱִס
ĺԣˣ߷ʣԵض˶ʾûеõκҪֵĻӦ֮Ű
ûУ̫뿴̰׶ѣȥ̫ˡĺӲѵԷϣʼȥŹ߷㹿֡
𶯣Ҳֵġ߷Ȼ˿ǣΪ֤ԼĻֱøЩϢĺԵĲܣ·𶼱Ⱦɫ
ĺӣһ˿ɫ˵֪ҲӦҾ̲סҿһͻѹ֪㲻ϲģҡͷֹ˵Щ
߷ĺԵתԼ۰ͨ죬ǿ̵ⴥ˹߷㱾ΪһƬġ
ԺҲˣҲٸˡ߷ᣬסĴĿⲻ㣬˵ȥ㿴˲ĵġֻۿҸ˵ҺһˣҸòҪ棬Ҳѹ
ĺԵ۾һôģգһ㡣ղżһĻԼ׵뿪϶ʱ糺һƬ
Ȼ˹߷㡭
߷ۿĺԵı˲Ϣ䣬Ϻƽʱ¶ɬ߷һЦĨȥ۽ǵᣬһֻư§
СӣԲҲӦò㡭Ҳ֪ôˣҾǲ뿴һ𣬿ֱֲӽȥߣ̫ûòˡĺԻرס߷ߵǸ
ղſһ˲Ҳ֪ôˣԼûа취ȥ˼ֻʶӱܣӵ̰׸߷ĵط
󵨷ĺԣʲôʱ򾹱ˣǨͣԸ⿴ĳֻίԼ뿪ǰ͸ǰʾˡ
߷ɬһĺԵķ䡣ӣɿĺԣüȥĺԵ˵ԺҪңһƢ¸˵ийص飬ٸҰ֣ҪղȥӱܣԸ
ĺΪЦ߷ղŵȫϴ壬˿۾Ź߷㣬ôһ
߷㴽΢ӹһ˿͸żΣյϢ˵ԣղſô죬Ҳ׷ϣΪһԲô
ĺ񣬿Ź߷Цݣʶءţһشģǹ߷ǡ
ϦڣҲһɫĹȦûһ˿춯ʱ˵ֻǳĴ˱
ĺȦ˹߷ĲӣŹ߷ȴǿҵĿֱ˳ǵ߷ԣɫȻ󣺡߷㣬ºòãҰ費ҧһ¹߷Ķֵܾˡ
߷㴭̵ӸĺԵշ룬գգۣĺ˵ݡĺԵڴ£һЦݣ˵ãҪھͿԿʼˡ
۾﷭ȵӿĺԾȡֵ䵭ҲĺΨһûмľҪԼ
ôżôѵáĺЦһǷ·ͺ˫ղŵİȡ֮Ϥġ
˳Ź߷⣬ĺסĴջţšܵӵţҪȵϢøΪȣһͬǱҡҡ׹ŵͷš
лҪ˵Ƥ޳ˣϷҲˣһС

ھʮ

鷿ıڹҵϾֹһ, һΪľ̸Ŀ
ңѵӹص, Ŀ𴦡ŵ̫, ۾Щ΢΢, ̧üģŴ, ļ
ոնſȽ翴һĻ¶ǵɫ, ѿȷ, תȥһˮֱ֮Ź˵, ⼸̫ˣطϢ, ô࿧ˡ
Ũ, ̾αŷ֣߶, ãҪ
һļԱߵң, Ȼʵֿ˰ɣ
ദ˽, Ҳ˽ϰ, ϲӵϰߡ뿴ӻǺģӰӾ磬ֽĿֻһ˵ĽĿֻҪ, Էʱ۾ӵŲ֡
üң΢ЦֳסԼ˵ǰֲǲ֪ҵİãôһܴ
˵ţǵĻ˻ȥĿǷңԶĵطʱԵЩ֪ͣΪղǸá
˵Ҳ֣滳ǰͺܴ󣬵ǴϵӽĿֻһǰʼǼнĿҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻͨˡ˵ϵļۺЦϷ˵ÿϽĿ̸Ļⶼܶθڣ˵ǲǣ
ǵʼ滳ϽĿʱܾȣÿοóʼǱ滳˵ݶһһ¡һϰߡ
Ŀϣ۵װص˼ѹѹյЦһֱΪԼȥƴŬʵϲǡǧټƵذң֪սҵģҪġ
һڵϼ滳ʱǾȵġٵڶΣʱô֪ܲ滳һڰعעͬʱַʽ
ȰЦЦȥͷο룬ѾˣûʣٶҲ޷ڻͨܺòô֪ٹ㣬ҲǼǹ㣬㡣ҲڸһŬȡ㾡ȥ
ᵽȥ֣Цůֻһ˲ֳˡӦôȥ滳أȥʢңֱӻع⻪ԷֻʱһȥԼĸף
翴ɫֱ䣬ǿ켫ˣЦ˵ȱˣ˶ˣСȥϴϴ֣׼Էˡ
ӷ֮䣬Сסӡ
˼ͷӦá
ֻӷԼˣԶΪʱ䶼ڷϢͺ󽫷˶¥ȥӷÿλὫһЩʱ¸֪룬һδ粵Ϣ
Ӷʰ꣬ˮӷǩźõƻҧһڣ˵㣬ҪǼһ㱣֤ϲˣݶʲôˣ㿴«Ǹ߾ôˡ
ʧЦݵģô߾ˣ
ӷ粵͵ЦŽӹȥӷ˵ûͦģ΢ϿĽաݺǰȷʵòˣҵǾԭȵӸÿһЩ
粵ҵѾѹ޷ĵز֮˸ǲҲ̶áΪ¶˽£ҲȫųڶԸĿԡ
ţԣҪǲ顭ӷһ̽ȥֲһƬƻһض˵
źˮƴƵǰһЩЦ˵ҿûʱȥ˵ţŤͷȥ룬סֹʵͻȥˣʰô費Ҫæ
ӷƻҡͷ΢Цصлл̣Ҷʰˡ
ǰͻȥˡûа취ٶһ죬ӵ»վߣõԶ֧֣ζʢִܲһְ֮ظ·˱ѹŵһɽ
ѸٵһܲǨƻؾַҪصǸ滳ڵĵطص滳鳯ϦദĳУصǸ˼ĺĳС
ӯЦȻͷſԼָ͸ˮڿԼģſȴ˵һ֡Ȼȷˣ뿪ʱһʱ仹Ҫ滳飬ô
̾ôദһʱ䣬֪ԭ̧һֻȥḧӣο룬ҪԼԼǵĸ飬
ߺȻǰ滳˵εġҡںܶҹΡǵΪ֧ʱΨһ֧
㣬ѹȥȥС㣬϶Ҳ㡣ӷߣ˫ȼףһס֡
Цӣǰеӷ˵̣ѷ˸Ұɣȥ͡
㶣ŤͷͬĿ¶ӷһۣĬ
֮󣬴δйԶһ֡Įġߡ³ԶҲδǿֲôǷȱĸһҪµľߣԥͬ⣬ǽܲǨؾַû˿ԥ
￪ŵƣԶŴͷһ۾ıϣƽ˼ɣ
˵˾䣺ּıֽ
ʢŷ˵̷ڴͷĿɫɫƽȻȥߵĹһᰲźã⣬㰲Ϣɡ
ԶűֺֽظЩƽıֽԵš壬̧ͷȥ룬͵͵Цһ˿Գȥһֱʡ룬ûаﵱļҡ
˵ֻһ壬ǿ壬ܹ㹻ȥ˵塣Զ֪ԼʱԲõٵͷȴ̰ҪõŮһ˿һϿɡ
ûʲôҪģҾͻطˡüһҲԶ⸱·˶ģ
ܿԼĸףΪĳĺģʹӢ޹ŮˣƾʲôԶ¶飿ƾʲô
֪£ԶɿеıֽɬЦ֪жĺ⣬ҲԭңҵıӦѾʼˡӢٻͷҲԽԽ䵭һŮ˫ȫȴûܹؼһ֣ͥҸģҸӢ̹׵һҲزȥˡ
ΪӢΪŮ磬ΪΪ˶ӣһԼ顣ˣŮ˶˸ңӢЭΪ˸һļͥίȴҲᶨܾ顣
ԶЩ뱾ĬһʱͿĨһŭ˫ֱԶǳֵģ˫߬ȭǰףʱѲ͡
ҧһһ˵֪㾿ͥΪ̹µѵôǣΪ飡Ϊ˺ӾŮ˶ΪЭΪܡû̶Խ㷸κδΨһܵľǽҪ˷ͬһ˵ʵ
öǶʹ˫սֱΪѪ͹𡣵ˣضԶ
ƾʲôôԶôΪƾʲôɼͥѵԭΪԼĸ̹ףǣǣ
ԶؿԼŮ޴ıͷӿ֣Ц˫ֽץסϵıӣЦصڷ˸еɱ
ԶڻʣʲôûˣʲôûˡڵҸɢʲô𣿡Զͷϲ֪ǿֻ֣ǿɬЦԾɳţֱ
촽Ը˵תӾҪ뿪ȴһ׽ס
ͷȥԶۿһֲֻ֪﷭һļڱϣǩĹɶ鲻Ҫҵͬ⡣
˫͵ش۵׵סֱֱԶԶֵĿ£˼ļϵıʣļĺһһǩԼ֡
Ѹǩ־ҪߣԶס֣ƺһ˲˲ٵ¶һЩʹ촽ţţС󣬵üϸʱһǸĻ
ҸӢ˵һ䣬ҶԲ
лҪ˵һ¾ͻؼˣӦûȥ裬Ȼȥ
ϰһڵ

ھʮ

ʱ, 붼ṳ̂˶ʮĳС
ʹÿÿҹĹȥ, ʹ뿪һ, δ滳˫ӯˮʹÿÿЩʹ, ȴδԵػȥһΡ
ÿһε;һѶ۵Ŀڷиţܷ, ֻܼ·ǱػȥǵķΧڡ
ӷоĳ, Ƚ͵ӢסС, ³ǰ, Ҹȥ˾ȥٰûؼҰɡ
ŴϤĽ, , ֻ΢΢ͷãˡ
۵׺鶼̫˼, ֻֻʳָָôԼϥǡڵѾܹԼ¶, ڹ, ʹԥ, ꣬ƣۣܹܺõ֪̽
Ȼ۽һ, 촽Ҳ
Ӣ߽Сһˮ·ϸ˴кȻּԼסĵԪߡҲס򿪳żȥ
Ӣһ˵Լҵķȥ׼ͳԿ֮ǰţҪҪɺ滳Զٷǰ滳ӻȥС֮ɻصش˵绰˵ܺóԣá
Լ˼ûע⵽ԱߵĵҲ߳һˣҪŵʱƵͳشһ衭
һ˲䣬Ӣ׵һܾãת̶֮ԼЦƺݹĲɣЦȴůա
룡ӢĴӼҪ£æȥҪ§ס
裬𼱣ȵסӢŴӵ֣һͱڻϵζʱĻ䣬˲ۿ
ӢرԼŮﲻ˵ɿֻͷȥţһֻǣ룬
δ̤һļɡ΢ЦӢͷţվţӢֿ̧ӡ
Ӣɳ£˫סһֻ֣ȸ֣⺢ӣߵʱ˵һҲ˵һڶٻز⣿
иǴȰ뾪ϲǳǳֶΪɵЦԸϴˢɾֻʣ¼ò˫룬ôʱûкúչԼǶô绰ôǲأôҲ֪ô
뿪ʱӢ˼ΪԶж͸¶һĶõļѾһδεʧĵľȴͬΪŮʱΨһߵ׹Ⱑ
üͣһָֻӢ˫֣ο˵裬Һܺãģ㿴ⲻǺúõػô˵յЦˣЩʧ䣬˵ҽӵ绰ҽˣͻ飬ܲ˵ܻ裬ֻҪһΣҾͳˡ
ģ˸ղ޼᲻ݵڿõģȫٲάʱԥѹ
ӢҲҪİٸȥȥһԼŮȴֹ˽Ųôˣ˼뵣ܹõԲˣҵ˾Ľ뿴ֻ滳ܴˡ
Щ滳鶼ؿǵǶǲ룬ǲȥ롣
Ӣصͷ׼˺ܾõĻһʱ֪Ӻ˵ֻ۵޽ǣ˵ͺãͺãԺɲˣɲ㡭ĿЩ¡
ãҴӦ衣ЦӯӯģӢϵģЦݣСĵ˵裬̺Ҹ˵һԲĵزӷҺܺãңûиǸ˽顣
Ӣһ㶣浣ĵģ΢࣬űӵɬ΢΢ЦЩҶûйϵҲֻ֪ҪúãҾˣûʲôҪģȥ뵽Ƿֺ
˵ѾһĿǻ䣬§ס֣裬Բ㵣ˡ
Ӣôƽײǰװģһʱ֮Ѹٵƽͣº͵ҡҡͷ̧ȥ룬ԥ룬ȥô
滳ֱԤ׵һʱҡҡͷûУҲ֪ôӢº͵飬ҧҧǵͷ˴裬ԲһֱҸ飬ҺΪġ
ӢȰһЦʳָ˵ĶͷֵҾôʲôô飬һסʱҾͲµˣڻҽΪʲôǰȥʱҾ͸˵ˡ
֪ǵˣһֱڵҿڣ뻳ûи㣬ҲԿڡ㰡ԼĻԼ澭˶٣˻ǰҿһ㶼ʣˡ
Ӣ̶ֻ̼仰ҴԹԼ֮ϵĿ
裬ҡߺӢȻô֮ǰ֪ǵĹϵôãӢֱЦ
ıӢ֪εĴ䲻̩ɽǰɫµ滳ǰҲֻùԹ԰Щƶʵܷ
Ӣ滳֮ʧһʱҲٶ˵ֻѵ龭ңҳԷɢʱ򻹻סķ䣬ôùҿûиʰʰġ
һ㶣ӢĿ⿴ôԳһǳĺΣ˫˻ϥϷĦþòŴ֪ˣҽȥ
ӢصͷڼԷζͬޡ˼̫ˣȥ滳飬滳ԭǾԼҵطס
ɫհ뿪Ӣҡ
ƾֱȥ˹⻪ԷǰǼǰȻ飬Ҳֺʱ˵ϼ仰βŲҪѯ滳飬˳ؽ˹⻪Է
ѳͣ滳³ȥǰһûʲô仯ӳǶǰ滳ɢ֮󿴵һֻڸЩ˼С
վԶŵƹĴڣֻԼȾһӱǧһ㣬ôһŴֱȴ˫ճȭ
ɫ滳Ԫ¥ߵתòܾ飬͵ˣԼȥȡȥɡ
滳Ҳ֣΢ЦãҾͲԶˣ·СġĿůɫͷºʮ֣ߴ΢Ц⣬ĿԶȥ
תҪţѾסŰѣŲһ˲䣬󷽴߸ЬỺƽȣüָŰѡ
Լأ滳һ˼Ļɫﷴʱǵ뵽죬ÿÿˣƬ̱ʪ
飬һˡ
ϲãȣʹ˼̫̫ӿ糱ˮû滳ࡣ
þõվţһֱûлعͷסŰѵָӰ÷ף̧ͷ컨Ľ䣬ǲԾţۿȴʹţˮת̧ͷûл¡
ȥҪס滳һֻ֣֪ոմ滳㷴Ӧȭָġ
顭һ˲㽩ĿЦ滳Ŀۣ飬תҺòãһˣҲˣҲãͷңôƲסʣſ滳顣
ֻǾ뼴ס滳һ룬滳תͬʱһ˫˿աţ˫سűߣһ¾ɬ
΢紵滳ںڵĳ΢΢Ʈ˫һ峺ξƺŵˮֻǲֺվţθʼ塣
ã䵭𣺡ܣﲻĵطء
صĴŻرգסԼĴŬʪ˫ȥ͸ƹشֻ滳һ仰һ֧һ͸ࡣ
滳䵭ĿҲ·𶨸ǰҲӡеᡣ֮ǰ׼ⱾӦŵģ滳ǰΪʲôʹ׼ȴԾôأ
лҪ˵ϰܰ

ھʮ

滳ܶʱĳ, ܶܶǼʱӡ΢Ц߽, ֻǰһ, , ᣬһ˿˿
ʱ, ԼὫ˼ߣȴرס, Ķظҹλڵ֡
ϵ滳þ, ֻ, һֱĵؿǰǷĶţڱмйϢͼ
滳Ĵ΢ЦĻ, ȴʪһƬ, ַֻŵͷ֮Լڴһࡣ
뿪֮ɵϰߣʹⷿ¶ˣҲԾɽûаȫе˯˱˽, һŴϣֻռССһط
֪˶, ʲôʱ뿪, Ҳ֪Լʲôʱġֻ, ôԼΨһ˯ñȽϰȵһ졣
ڳһҹԶڴֱ峿ٶֱͦεļӲ޷ƤǦһأĴһӲֱߡ
滳ĳӳʻ, ⻪ԷſʻȥһͬǺɫСƵصǰ
˫ۣǸһһߵԼĳ⡣³ŷ֣ɫ԰׵úܣµɫҲð˳Լ͸㲡
һʱ滳ߣŷ̵˫۽ţһĻȴˣ룬⸱ʲôԼڵ˲ȻùȥΪ㵣ģȥôþֻѧô
뿴䵭ģͷˮððֱĶɬҪ飬û£ֻѡ
һҹδ˯֮ɤɳƵۣ˫ַ滳ĳţüͷȥԸ࿴Լһ۵滳顣
滳ŤͷؿȥİԹѾ˶벻ϧ֣䲻ٱ䣬ȴҲûж¶ȣֻȻȥѾңҲ뿴ûɵӡ
ԣһӾЩȸԾɳƱ嵭һЩãȻȥҡ
滳ﲻ̣ǻŵ𳵴ȥźӾֱԼӵ룬滳ҧһ´һӿһЩգշЩ˫صס˷̣Ϊʲô˵䣬ȻȥϢأ
뿪⻪Է֮ػصԼķȥϢ˰˹һֱ˯ָЩ֮ϵ˹߷㡣
ʱĹ߷ȻѾĺͬһסĺνˡӵ绰ʱպҪӹ˾أٶȣŸͷ֮ͬС
߷ĺһ֮ĺԷǵûиͻȻѧ˳ա˻ڳŪţŲԿױӵ輸ϵæҴҳҪӭӹ߷㡣
Сˡĺ˸߲ҵڿʱ쵽⣬ָ⻹һЩˮգôǰСãˣôǰһ
΢΢һЦ߻ȿЩɬ»鲻ϼңûǰǣǸ
ĺһ£漴Ӧ߷պðѰҺã߹ԲĺԣȰϴˣȻš
ţáĺԴӦһȥ˵ϴҺϴ֡
Ѿ㹻ǰǸϰָˡˣӣô;ӹǸ滳еˡ
滳ĸӹɵģôãĻ滳ȥƫƫֲܷеˡ
뵽ĺ԰ЦϴɾԼ֣ɺ߳ɳϽ̸ţĺûдϣʵ˹߷ߡ
룬Ҷ涭֪ǵ黹Щֲʻѹ⵽ô£߷֮һ
ʱ߷ĺ˵ȥңҾܲӢ滳飬ԼʱǺ𾪵ġ֪Ϊ涭һЩо滳ĸ϶źĻȥ
ôҲ벻ףԶ̩ôôɺϡԶҵؼңͬʱ̩¶˸еı׶ˣ̫ɺϣƺõһ
ĺţҲЩ棬۾ֱ롣
ǳһЦ߷ոڲ輸ϵˮһˮҰֲҸģܾ֮ǰҸڳеʱҵܵܣȥ֮𡣶Ұôã֮ͿʼҸ顣ȻѾעˣ֪ȥ飬Ǹס
߷üĺԶһۣ˶û˵
˵Ϊʲô֪ԭ涭Ļ飬ӲɣȻҲͲȥ顣ҰֲͬҪһܹ̳мҵˣʱҵϢȻ᳹鵽ס
֪ҲӦȥҵ㣬׼һ㣬Ҳ׼Ҹ֮㣬ҵơ涭Ϊ˸ĸôݻ飬ҲԼŮһް취飬ֻһ𡣡
ƽ˵꣬޼ûУű˵Ĺһ㡣ˣȴԲ
ĺԣӶſ˹߷ϣ״ɵЦ
ѽҡĺһ죬˰ֲôԼַŹ߷ͷڹ߷ϣߴٵȻأҼǵּӦиģܵܵ裬Ƕô
ĺ˵ֱףϾҲˣҹ߷Ҳͷʾ֪Ҳûӱܡ
̶ҺܺãҵճϣûжҷƢҰֵĻһ٣һĨȻЦ֪Ѿ޹ˣҪѾˣһ˴ҹô꣬ҪʱѾȥˡ
Ӣͬԭ򣬱ѵģ˵ģȫԼģ»ͷεذֺãǶǲٽɵġ
ԱԶûʶԼĴˣҲٽӢҪɷʱҪ׵ʱѾȥˣڣֲ
߷һʱζӳ£֪˵ʲôźãСʱԶ죬ּӢĸӱ뿪ңӴΪ̫ĳͷǶ³һʯ
ĺƺо˹߷ԥΨ˳Χգգڹ߷˵СӣմϴôɫϽϴһ˾ҴϷȥϴˣÿζҵȺþá
߷γѣŤͷסĺԷԼ֣۵һƬãģҪ㡣תͷ˵룬ĺԱʵĺԴҲ֪һ
ͷͬ⣬ˮŻز輸Цãȥɡ
ʵʵģȾڹ⻪ԷǸ滳뿪ˡȻ滳ŲɣǸ˵Ծɻ
Ҫ֪滳Ը񣬶Ȼ֮˽Ǹط
߷뿪룬ʵĺԣȥһ˳ӺУʶǸô
ĺؿɳϣһֻԼƷ˿ǰšлһĨȻ棬˶ֱ̬Ե
Ц˵ǸеĽԪվ֪϶ǻݡǻø磬ǰйϵܺãڶڹ⣬ǻµģߡ
һ㶣ĺһȻԵõģȷԼϢŷҲſɳϡ
ĺһʱסļСãҪ˵滳ôЩҲòˣ֪ôģư͵ҲͳˡǸָأٸĥĥģĥʲôʱ򣿵еѣţ
Ψ²ĺԴĲϰߣſ滳ŵģǰڸǲġ
һ£ŤͷȥĺЦôôأ
ɲôĺԼ״ֹƵļͷǰһʱ滳İɣ㣬о鰡ǰȻҲ˸ڣ㲻һᣬ㣬͵ǵڶˡ
ڶ
üһôôԾأĺ˵ȷʵеǰദʱȷ滳鳣ϵһΣ滳ǲܵģӻһ㡣
ðɣһԡ˵ͷӦ
û·׼¥Ĺ߷ԣĺεЦҡҡͷ
лҪ˵ϰܰ춼ˣСҹ۵ò

һ

ĺ˵ò, Ԫ滳Ĺϵȷܺáλع˰֮, ҲŻ̩һ˾ϼ졣
˻ȵ, žԼþȻһŮһ顣滳֪, ϾǼͬ, 滳ĸȴǻع̩֮˵
ЩԪ滳Լ̸һЩȥԼе¡ȴԪͷһô滳Ц˵, е㲻̫Ծ
ɳϵ̲סʵ, ʲôôô㿴ܸ˵ӣ
һߵ滳üһ, ˯òõƤЩأ΢΢һЦ, ش, ˡ
֮ΣܺԼͷϲáʱһֺܱŤĺͯͷ·Լϲ߶ʧһʱ, , ϣ, þõ
ٴλصʱ, ˷ܣϲãе붼õֲȴһǶηڼԹ
Ԫ󣬺ķǵûеõ, ǸȤֻ輸һž׷ʵˣ尢֪ô
滳İ˿Ƿǳ棬֪ԸһŮˣȻ侲Գֵ滳ΪıԼϲ˵һЩ֪˶ܿ滳ÿ춼ڵ롣
滳ҡҡͷָĦ̯ϵļбԵԪ΢ﴽ˵ӦûУҶŸո֪ԽȥҰ衣
Ԫ峯ǰٿţϣ˼ǿӣû̽ϰ࣬ӦڼСʤ»ô
ڹͬ飬ⷽĽ̶ܳȼѾ顣˸ջعʱ֪滳ŮһʱЩȣ֮㿴Ѱˡ
滳ЦЦļкԺԪ۵ϣ̯סЦڻСʤ»ʱ򣬸磬ͱҵˣԼзִ硣ˣļû⣬ǩˡ
˵ûʱҪ»˵滳ѹ˶ˣʲô˼ɵģ
ԪȻûô׷ʵʲôʱ򳹵װȥԼǱߣаӺͻҲҪһȥô
滳ҵһֻĦҮһֻٻɫèлǵ֣̩ȡġ
ֻСһ滳뵽ǰ˵ԸвЩͣ˵ɣҲ̫չˣŻҪҰһʱ䡣˵ЦЦֵҰֺϲǣҪȥеѡ
ԪƶǶصͷڰļŵԼĹİɳϣ̾һҲ֪ôˣǰҲû˵ϲһֻǲΪ˸尢̽Ƶģ
滳һЦԼ°ɡ
Ԫ˸εı飬һԼʱ滳칫ϵߵ绰
ȷǰĺ˵ĻȥˣȻ֪ĺԱѸģ˵Ҳ޵֪滳һѲɻԴе滳ô
ֻʢ֮滳ȴΣҺȷ˵滳鲻ԸҪͨҼҪ취ʱ˸ߵ绰ȥ滳ɿˡ
ıӰаҲ֪ԼϰôģΪʲôҪԼܾ룬ǵʵβͨȻװģԽȥ
ţû𸴣֮Сšֻ滳Ԫɳϣ滳ǳǳЦݻδջأһ˲ȴƽ
Ԫվķ֣ЦСˣһᡣ
ǵһν뿴룬ʱֻżȻ޿ޣ۵װޣϸɫأȼ̽ʵֻ֪ΪòС
һᡣ빴𴽽ǣҲգͬʱɨ滳һۡ·˵ԼѾ֪滳˭
滳鲻ֻվԪ󷽣ԪǱĳƺһ£ЦС˹βһģӦþûʲôˡ
ν֪֪ˣսʤȻڲǴ̣˽滳鵱״ȴǱҪġ
ջ֣˫࣬Цδ˵Цˣҽһ̸һЩĺġ
ԪЦԼĹİֿһԼеĸ첲˵ˣ˲˵úģûʲôȥģˡ˵ջͷһ滳飬ƵЦżһ䣺飬ɱλ÷ڵ̫ˡ
滳۵޲ֻһЦᡣ
ô˵չǽԪĻĵλҲͷЩ΢΢ĸԪһߣղŻ˲߽滳飬ϣ滳۾￴Լһ˿
̲סĿҧ´Сĵȥǣ滳ֻ֣滳Ծɲ˳ӣĵؽֱֱͣ˰գͻأͷһ˿ů˲ʱʧ
ܴݹ٣ʧԶӭˡ滳ףüۼ䶼ʱĮ
뿴滳۵׵Ժиֵչ¶ģصֻԼĹжʹǻİϧ滳ȣ滳ʹȣ滳ȻҪ滳кޣȻҲ
˼ˣЩջ֣ҲЩ滳¶̬ջأǳЦ飬֮Ҫһ̸
滳Ҳԣÿ˵Ǿ̸ɡ
ĵĳƽ̬£µʱǳǳعһ£ʱָֻ
滳òһЦʵܴʢһĺ˵
Ķ̬滳鶼֮⣬ҲǶٻеȤġĻ̵ôãӦʸѧϰɼ
Ķȼٴ壬ҲǣȥһʮЦЦ˳Աߵɳ滳ЩɫӦ֪ܱ߳мҶȼپƵȻʱ䲻ʤڴϡ
ʢĶȼٴȻжĿڱۣôʱҲӦЩδˡԿһչռԼһϵеĴͻ
˵ȥĶȼٴ壬ɫ֡滳ĿɫҲ˼֣Ծûɿڣ˵˵ûҲ㡣Ƕȼٴĺչ˵ʢȫԼУΪʲôҪȥʢ
οԶʢĿǰ״̬ȼٴӯķֳɿֻǶʢҵӯеľţһëֺαذѾͶעûҪĺϣ
նʢʢĲ뱳ûбҪ˫ֻΪ˽һССĶȼٴ塣ҪڹϿ滳飬˿ҲòҪν֮١
ȴ滳Ļش𣬷Цˣվⲽ滳ĵɳԡ΢΢ͷ滳ɻĿУ˫ֳɳ߷֣īɫĶǰϤ˼ҹ滳һʱ졣
գգۣȵĺ滳գۺЦ⣬ȴ滳ʱһĨҧҧյø飬˭ʢͶʢĺȫʢûһϵҪԸͶʣЩνӯ
˶٣һЦ滳˫ֵסļͷȴӦ׵ʱǳ˼ĺǳɫ꣬˵ͶӵĲҵҪӯʲô˶ġ
˵ĻһӾͱϷʵĵ顣滳Ҳ˲䷴ӦֻȻţǵסļеȴѸٳ뻹δ׽ʱ򣬾ͻ˵Į
滳ƽؿ룬βԣ룬ָҿôѿ֮죬ţ
һ˲䣬ίռģ滳ǰһرо˼˫ֵԥͿǣ˼ŶԷ
ҧҧЦһ˵Ȼ˵Ҫ㣬ҿʱ֤ղֻ̲סˣ飬̫ˡ
滳ע̫йϢǰ¶ʵֻĸ׺͹߷㻹Լǰʵһʱ滳ǰǰǿ̵ģͷǸҳױϡ
滳ƽ޷ٽȥв滳飬໹ᡣֻǵʧֱ뿪ʱһֻ׽ס󣬽ŵһĻ
ȥҵ绰ɡ
лҪ˵ϰס

һһ

滳ڵһ˫н, Լ롣
û˼һ˴ķ, һߵ, һԹ롣̩䵭, ¶һ˿һ˼
Ϊò׼̩Ĵ㣬Լ¶̫϶֮, ̩ӵĲֱڼκ˺
ֱ̩׿ڸ, ͬһ, еĸж뼫, ҲԹ룬ÿ˫۾ܼԼİ, ȴΪǰδеľԹѡ
ûи̫, ȥ֮ʰҡ̩ĹעȣҪ˶þ֪ѾҹԼˣ̩, ˵
δ滳̩ȥһ鷿
ɰѲ˸滳, еؿ, ԴЦ˵, ӦҪ̸顣һҲ͵ʢϯҲٰú¡أý嶼ڱҲʢ潻档
滳鵭ЦЦӹüۼ䲻ֺ, ˵裬ҪʢΪСֻôҶ֪Ұ֪ڵѾ㹻ʢһϸ£ý˵ʲôȥɣԼ֪ͺá
ʢھٰŷϯ͹ʱܹʩȴ滳ſڵš˵һЩ¡صʽҪģ֤ԼһַʽֻҪĲǴͣǵ滳
΢΢һЦͷͬ滳ǵȻȥɣֵȾˡ
滳鹴˹ǣ˳ӵ鷿š̩ɳϣ۾ϴһļֻһ
߸Ьһһ滳ڲ輸ϣº˵֣ݺ˲衣
̧̩Լߵλã˵飬
滳ȥǡÿ̩ϵļЩȣʵ֣ǣƺһ飬̩Ѿ漰̽磬ӦⷽĶ
̩ļ滳һЩ͵ɫ˸ģԳǶҵ㳡Ŀ󻮣㲢֪¡
滳һʱʧЦҲȥļʶǡջ̲סҪ̩ʾˣЩڴǰ侲඼׵ȥˣ
ϸҲܹᵽĽǣϾƴȫΪһ̡
̩ȫĶͣժ۾þļУ̾һ⣬֪ʢµʱһǺźģϸǣҲһˣҲͲٶ롣˭֪ȻⱭøʢ⣬Ҿȡ
յļʱܸܵһЩϿɵԸҲļݣ׵˵ʢⲻѴ֮˳Ƕҵ㳡Ŀ
滳ҡͷЦļзŹһߣ̩˱˫ַ֮״ֵ֮ǰûʹңô֪һҪأ
ô˵ѣЦݿϲõúܡ
̩ӹ豭һڲˮһֻ̧۾ָָļУɤִЩЦѽڸҽаءǸʱ˵ĻˣͲһԶ֤ˡ
滳鲻ÿɷֻùǷļ΢΢ͷָϸϸĦ
̩²豭۾κ滳˵ǺӻˣһⶼˣʱοοˡЩʱ㲻ùҲܵȥ
滳Ϊ̩ܹϿѾǲף˭֪ھȻЩУҪؼȻһΣǴεײøĸϿɵʱǱҪذ԰˵塣
滳ͻȻ񣬵ЦٹһʱɣڻкܶҪңҲûдô򵥾⣬ѡҲ˵ȫԣֵĹҲסȻҵôãҲЩͷ
̩ԡּ滳մϱߵģΨһԵһΣ˵Ǹһ𡣿ƫƫԵУȴִδʧǣԼϲʲôԼҪʲô
滳ɫƽȴ͸¶һ˿˿Եζ̩еһ˿ȣ漴۰ͷ̾һԴЦʿɶֹͺá
ҲǰŨҵӡֱã滳طһû̱¶Ҫںʱ޲ýе˼һһߡ
̩һЩ֮滳Ż˷䣬ΪûдֻȥԵʣмδ磬һĺ롣
ûԥز˻ȥû쵽Ǳ߾ͽȻһֱڵš
û̿ڣþͨ绰δȥһ㡣Ҳ֪Ĭ˶ã滳תڴʱǱߵ͵ͳƮһ䣺飬ˡ
滳ͷȥԼϥǣЦݽȴƽţȻأ
ʱɳϣ輸ϰһƿѾ˴ľƣ˫Ŀ˿ЩأҪʶ㲻ѵ滳ķʣž˵ڵĻ֧֧᣺ҡ㡭
ʤ滳ܲһ֪Ծһ˲šü䣺룬㲻֪ľôںȳʲô
滳ɫһֻŵҪվЦһ˶ɳŸʵλãһ˿ĻҾ˲źȵģӦʱֻȼڶѣ㲻ڣĺ
˵Ļﴫ滳ĶУЩ˲ʱĨȥȡ֮ļ顣滳֣Ҳüͷûɿʵ㻹ô
滳䵭˫˲ʱˮðۿֻԼĶ滳絶һ䵭̵ʹǿѹʣ۵۾˵飬֪ңûа취ҲһȥҳܱӦһȥеĶ
֪Ը⣬ôҪԶ㱣ţԶǵİƽȡҲں˭ø࣬ǻ飬Ҳ뱣ǵİ飬ҲΪĸ壬Ҳаʸô
ҪĴֻ࣬ҪٱвҲҪܹ滳ҪǸ˾ҲҪԶĲƲܲҪûʱȥƴ׸ˣŲôʱ䲻ȥ滳飬ġ
ĿǻѾβסίֻͨ滳Ķ滳μ֣Ҳ˵Ļ
滳֪ԼһͿأӶ붯ͲҪơϲϲһίĻԼҲ岻
Ĭã滳Ȼߵشǰ˫ǵʡܵ˾Υºͣ˵룬׷Ұɡ
飬˵ʲô
ʣֻΪ̫öۣҷɣҹҶϡͷľϲȾīˮһ㣬Ѹĺӿ
滳ﴽǳЦޱֺʮֵٶȿڣ˵׷ҡܹõзµõҵΣҰ㡣ҵӽһΣ׷ҡ
лҪ˵ϰıòˣ̫

һ

滳˵Լȥ׷һ, 뿪ĵͬʱһ˿ꡣ׷㾭, Ȼûн, ׷, ûа㾭顣
˼ȥ߷϶Ҳͷ, ĺо顣˯ǰѺԥ, ڻһ绰ĺԡ
ʱɫ, ĺֲڷܹ, ǡŹ߷ڼ˯
յ¶Ⱥ, ǰһϸշݹڻ״ֻ̬ʱĺԺذַڹ߷㱳, ðڹ߷㻳ͷҶ˶ĺһ
ĺԣֻ, ӵ绰߷ۣ˯Ũؼˡ
ϸĺһڵҹ, ߷㱾ͱͨҪһЩ, ӼҲ˵ֻʣˡĺôһ, ʱЦ˳۾̧ͷȥ˳ֹȥԼֻ
Сáĺ˵һ䣬Ц, ڹ߷㻳в˲䣬Ž绰ؿڣСãôʲôҿɻûء
⻰˵ˣһĽһ;ù˿Ƿսƣĵز
滳ĻǵЦǳˣʵĺԣӦôȥ׷һˣҪô˽׷󡣡
뿿ڴͷĿɫ׵ǽ棬üͷʲôֵĹ
ûĺԸһһˣ°һˣΪЩҪ滳Ҫֻһɡˣ滳ӣڻص֮ˣﻹʾ֭ȥ
ĺ˯涼˲٣æȲ˲߷㣬ǵù߷۵ءţһִᣬŻشô滳ˣȥ׷ô
Ҳ֪滳϶Ҫһӣ滳˲ʳ˼̻徻ϲŭûƵģǰΪøСһ
ʵ滳ϸͨûʲôҪһЩ˼ĻͺˣǹҲǺܡ
Ȼ롰šһΪᣬ߷ҲҲۣⱻЩ
滳ԽԽȥˡĺЦˣڱ˫ȶؼн߷ȣûȹ߷зӦֽӵʮʮʱ飬ʮѧЩ·
ü俪ʼЩ׷ͳ˼ĴָֻԵĥ䣬Цһ˵Ҳ͵֮ȤˡԼ˵ʱûô㣬ƽؿĹϵνӽҪǼ£Ҳкķչ
仰˵˰ɡСãһԣûϲȥ׷һΡѾ϶ˣһα׷ĸоɣҾӦûܿĵģֻǲϸ㡣
ԽͷԽһʱ侹Ȼֶ˵ֻĬţȴĺԵġ
ΪĺԲٸʲôʱĺ̾ƳƮ㲻ڵʱ˵жķԭǱ˴˵İȫУһֱڵ㣬㡣ҪĲЩڵĶֻҪľͺˣҪȻҲֻˣġ
ֲԾץ˱ǣ۽Щ˳ջƺʲôʲȥ仰ǰֳ滳Ŷ˵ӣЩֵ
ϲ㣬ҪûбҪϵ
룬ɸɾظһ𣬸һңûκҡ
һˣסһ𣬳һ˯һ·һЬҲһ𣬺òã
Ҳ˽ʱԼ飬һ𡣡
룬ô
ӿضʪգʪ½ĺԲ֪ʱѾҶ˵绰ӿֻޱˮ
ΪԼѡǸΪܹ滳иõδʲôԸȥԡ
ɵͼȥţ滳ζԶȹҹҹʱܵüҪϢ˵ȡ滳ԣѡͷβһ԰Ϊɵ˺
յƶɵģӦٹþͻӭһưôꡣǵãԼߵһҲĹ⾰жƯųƵϢ⼴˶Щ
ңһ滳û룬ֻк֪滳鶼Уȥˡ
ӭĵ칫ҵ΢΢һ죬ŹʵƮһ䣺
滳ͷҲ̧ͦñֱüļָҳţһר־ģ
оŲĿԾûнĿļŲֻ΢΢̧ͷ˵ɣһ顣
ãæ۵Ųɺӵ飬滳Ķ档Ű칫ľ룬СĵؽԼĿƽʱܹڷ
ʱʱȥ۲滳İ칫ңǸӡеһû˿䶯ĿⶸȻɨϢҵţŲüлӡ
ôô滳ǳȻһӻæعͷȥֻ滳űļдţ·ղų˸
ûУ⿴ѡҧҧŵıºзϰ칫Ƶ滳ǰ˵飬緹ô
ѾһˣʢʱѾˡ滳ƳһԼʼ΢΢ͣ٣ּдţƽûС
ͷһűºеֽؿסӣ滳ƽʱôʳɣ˳Էʱ䶼֪Լ첻ǲһ죿
飬Ҹ㰮ԵǴŹǣͣһ£ѷٹǿӲ˵ŵͬʱȴվȥֹȥʰ滳ǰĶ
滳¸ֱʸǺññֺǷڴļɣ滳Ҳʵˣûа㲻ӡ
򿪱ºеĸӣеĴ˱ǣ滳Ϥζǰżһˣʱǻᰵ۲ϲʲô֮ϲ³
ʵ滳ûر𰮳ԵģֻÿһģǺθڡ
Թô滳û϶ӣֱֱؿ
ţӰ㹤˲ġԶϧ΢ЦŰѸӷһԺλӣ˵õңԷɡ緹ʱˣҺҴ˷ڹ˾ﻹз˸ʣ£
滳ûд𻰣ӵͷᴥűüŵģ۵׸һĨЦ⣬ܿرûڴĿ״˵ˣȥϢϢԽȥġ
һ£ʣţ
滳̧ۿȥٶǿ˵ҵϢԽȥ˯ʱ䣬Ҫһ˯߲ǰҲϲ
ľ˵ϲֻǰչЩȻúϢˣ»һĨǳǳڣܵϸܹע⵽ġ
Щ˵˲ǸȥϢô滳ôŤһЩС˼۵ףܻǲڻ
ţһЦ滳ֵͷԷʱԽãȥϢ˷ŵʰͺá˵꣬ûȵ滳𸴣ЦЦվϢߡ
ϢҲԾǴǰİ裬ˣûж෱ĶϵıӵĶģһԵϣԾһͲд滳ַİ
ǽߣߵͷֱ۴ǸıԵϰߣ׼ҪĿȴһʱ㶣΢ŵıԵ
棬ƺһľ
лҪ˵ԽԽ

һ

, Ҳȥ, Ҳܶһ˳е, ҲܰǵĽѹһϡ˵, 㲻ҵİ, ôġ
ĻĿǰ֣º, ۿȴһȦ
Ծʱ޶, ֻЩ̵Ǽù⻬, 㶼֣ûзֺĴС֪滳龿ľٴβܽģ, ܹڰ, ضǴδ
ʲô
һæתȥŵһ˸˵ʲôǸľ񻹱, 滳ʱü
Բ飬ҲǹġֻõͷȥǸľ, ૵ҸղѰҺ, Ȼ󿴼˵һҲ˵ȥ, һ£ȷʵûо滳ͬ⣬԰˳
ľֻһƷѣľ滳λεرڳ, ൱ڽٶȸϰ
滳ֻԼĿڶھۣ˫ճȭüͷšһ㡣ۿģҪȥ׽סԼһһ֪֪߰ٶҹôģ
ҿµ·ùˢëӵߵĴϡҸôమұģֻпš
滳˼תǧأȻҽѪҺڣǻ˼ٸҹԹڿ뺬˫һȫɵһɶ
գֻŽŲ˹ȥ˵Ҳ㣬ңϢɡ˵ţȥùǸľָϰԵСķľذŽϢҡ
滳ûԶţͷۣվšٴιʹ߽ȥıѾıӣڴ˯ȥ˯̫ϤҲͬһδһ찲Ĺ
Ųߵߣһӣôߣþõؿ˯գֱۿɬˮҪ¡ʱţһῴõղŻ侲ƽ͵˫˿̱鲼Ѫ˿
滳ǰ̽ӣץסһ̣һģġ顱ʣļ֡вͷ˳˼ʹ㣬һܳ˷ĩҪ
סֵڴߣϸָܵڣԼ뿪һ춼Ҫۡ
ḧǿŲ˵룬ҲˡҴˣ̫˽ˣҸ֮˭ǺܵģΪʲôҪָעʹࣿԲ𣬶Բ𡭡
滳ΪֻҪԼܹ룬ܹԼİ飬ҲΪֻҪమȥ˵ʲôνģ
ǵȥʱ̩ǰ룬ȥʲô
һŵظ̩Ը滳һǵĽһֻİˡʱ仰ֻܷ̩Ǿ׶Ĵ̹ǵĻ
ʱһһعȥϢﾲޱȡ滳鱣ǸƲ֪жãûһ˲Ųֱڴߵָ΢Ķ
ǰɵһƬֻԼϤǰôǰҲĬ
ҹλʱٴμ滳ߣеѣееѹεֻΣȥ滳Ϊ½ˣվֻһˡ
飬Һ㡭ŬҪȥŬشӲҪȥһǰˣɶ˶ȴоԼֱսţá
滳ǾɳƵĻĵһ˲䶼òӣȥ۾оµ嶼סˣ㶵ǳǳţһ˲䣬гˮ̿ࡣ
滳۾Լĺ󾱣һһغ룬Բ𣬶Բ𣬶Բ𡭡
滳촽ڲţ̫˼˲ǣ˲֣˲Լͷһ˿˿ԡֻҪ룬ˣĴˡ
ǰ滳ͨĶڷ䣬о滳鱧Ҫڻһ㣬ԽԽ
飬ڿϽҵˣΪ㻹Ҫܾáס滳۵ָͨۿ»ĦЦһҪǻôʱ䡣ҿôͷҶãҲкܶʱ䣬ǰû׷㣬ҲҵԸˡ
̫˽滳ˣ滳Զûкݵĵʱ
ĺ˵һµδʶ滳鶼κα˺˵ĵرκ˶Ҫö࣬Ҳöࡣ
滳鱻ɵЦһ˵ӲԼҲֹ㣬ԿҲҡ
ְ滳ĴǣеľŨýҪ滳˰סע滳飬רע滳üۣᡣ
滳ͬŵĿɫͣ飬Ұ㡣ǷֿÿһҶţڶҾܼ㣬ǸжãҪҵҪҳܣҶˡ
ģ˰黰һûʱ˵һҪһԵض˵滳
滳龡ܾΥᣬҲ׵ؾ͵̧ȥıӣ֣ôܣǰģ
Ȼǣˡ滳Լգ˫ԼղŵĻ
滳麬עУЦݣظһ飺飬һˡ
滳Ĵٶ΢΢ЦȾͷϤů⣬ůˡ
Ѿ°ʱ䣬ڻ֮ڶ̤ʢ⣬ܹ滳һ𲢼뿪
滳ԼԪһʱõԪ½һ˹ȥ
ǰü͵ãԪھ˺ͽѸٵͬʱҲò϶ԼȷʵǶ˼⡣Щ仯ҲԣϸȥȴҲѿʱ滳ȻһЩ
С㣬ܸټԪգ΢ЦŴк
áϴûü䣬ʧˡάŵЦݣջֺԪʾ滳ߡ
ʱ½ѲȶԪˬһЦ˵С㲻֪ɣղſ϶ǳʲô϶ҷ˶ǰ˲ˣӣӦϲԵġ
滳û뵽ԪͻȻ໰Ȼ֮䲢ʲôϡ£ɱôͻȻһ˵ЩȻ
ֻŴɤӣǾ·ϵʱûҪ˷ѣٵ˾̫ˣڲǸոպô
һЦŤͷʵŶôǿˣ˳ĻȥΪˣȻҰԵĲˣôɡ
滳Ҫÿӵֶ˶٣ҡҡͷЦѿӰǰ͸ʮԵݣ˵ˣҳϡ˰ɣ
ʱϷʻ˲֪룬Ŵ۾滳顣滳ȣҸ绹ڣȳԷ
ԪһЦȥùһԵĺƿƿǣ滳ǰĸ߽űϣֵԼº˵Ǹôô˼ҡѵÿôģС
С;滳ͬ˹أټʮָ˵ģڶᣬʱһʱҪʵ࣬óȫȻע롣
Ȼǻĸ磬һƺҲ滳һ֣֪Σ뵭ЦҲ񣬻ϱ㳯Ԫٱ
Ȼãλ÷ɾʽعˡúúãҾǰϲһˣϾҪˣܸϲҵľ۲ˡ
Ԫ֮һڱоƣ̾
벻⣬Ťͷһ滳顣滳ЦЦ̧ҲùƱһڣζ磬װģģͲϻȥǣ߶˶ٴΰδɩһڹ⣿ڼһ춼ɣ
ˣҲԪǼɼҵˣЦЦ
ԪüЦز滳飺飬ǰɵøӣ¶޹ϵë˼ô˵ҶУɲа
ر߳ԱģʱʱزĿüչ滳顣ڽĿϼ滳üĿ·һƣڵ滳飬ƺֻص˼еģ
лҪ˵߽ûлҪ˵

һ

滳ļ, ԾɻصԼҹ
Ҳ, ûʰ, ڶʢܲǨ֮кܶҪ, ܹʱȥ滳Ѿû̫ˡʱסһǿܶѹࡣ
ܹ滳˿, ͬѹʢټǰһѾ˵Ľᣬϲɫ, Լڼõ͹
滳Ҩһ, ϸڴߴЩ, С
滳ߣ˫ְļڻ, ڴŤͷʵ, ôóô
ҵȻæŽֶʢ, ҲʱЩˣԷԼ˲, 滳֮ʳ㲻ٺ滳θڡΪļ, Ҳû˲, һֱ滳鰮ԵĿζμסȻҲûвóԵġ
滳ͣסжĿ˴Ц˵ôôѵôù㶼û¹
ڴ˲ʱ£ǵĻȶԵûиղ, һ˼滳ЩʧȻǣֻǾôãĿζ᲻ˣϲĶǲӡеӡЩҶ֪
飬滳һӾ֪ĵǡʱ䣬Ǳ˴ȴòÿһλøߵ٣滳ֻԶԶΪٱأķߣȴ
滳ӣȥݽɳ˼ؿ롣
飬ôˣ㲻ԵĻһҪˡ벻֪Ҫʲôһ䡣
滳һĦ֮ȥ뱧ŵļӵһԣ֮ûаԥٶְ뷴Ӧ֮΢ͷѹԼ䣬°͵ࡣ
飬ôˣΪʲô뻹û˵ϼ֣ԼĶһƳ̾Ϣ𣬶ͻĻˡ
ŵģ滳һ·жصһЦ°Ͳ˲ĲΪʲôҪԼǷֿأǣǵȷֿʱ㹻ǿȥָһ֮ǰģֻǧټƵȥһӣڵѾǱ˴һˡ
룬־ûзֿΪÿһ춼˵ʱǸҡҲȥǰȥˣվԭصһϲ嵭ĿζһϲڣһҲνûб䣬һǸ˽ҪһңǸҪΪ㻭ȥҡ
滳Ļ飬ģغüĿԼĮȻǷǳ룬һһεǨͣһһεػһһεظıԼԭȾͼƻõĹ
̫ǰ滳飬ȴֻһ˵滳顣
ۿرס滳飬ģߣŬάԼƽȣȴ©˿ǻ飬һΣһҪߵġµЩʱ䣬ҲԲֻһ˳еǵĽ
ڱ̩֮ǰûȥ⣬û滳Ҳ۵һ죬滳Զ˵ڣҲ޷Լ滳ľ׸δ
ڣˡԻص滳ߣеظ̩滳İˣǣǣҲǣһӶǡ
Ǵûзֿһ춼ûС
滳ĶŸжḧĺ󱳣Թһ䣺ôִͣļѹѹ˵룬һΣҲ鷢һһʼʹЩ֮лᱻֿĿܡ
Ǹʱûվ̩ĽǶȥԼĸ飬ǹúܺã̩Щ֮µжڸӲӡ
밲İͷ滳Ļǰһϰ߰ԼĶ滳飬ȫĵ滳ǰ¶Լʵ顣
΢΢̧ͷҧһ滳°ͣЦһ飬ԽԽϲˣҲڵʱû˴⣿
滳Цʣأ
ӦеģǮƯǵ׷ǶҪ׷ſˡڽһ䣬Ҳ滳ǰķ˿ָ⡣
滳𴽽Цһסˣ֣ڳŵʲôһЩ棺β´ˣΪһֱ˵ҲǵаˡֻҵİкҪҪȥشʱߣһҪġ
㶵עĿΪԼôʱ䣬Ѿ滳ϰˣʹôϲҲǰɬ
ɵ滳ʱԼԾɻΪ滳٣Ծɻ滳飬Ծɻ滳ĸһСǣرɫȾýޡ
飬㡭ҡ뻹滳־·Ͱ͵أһĻ²
⻹֮滳һôȫѵʱ˵˵黰
滳ȴǱȡˣЦɿ룬ԼļͷɳԼֻһֻסǰ˵룬㿴
벻֪ôһӻ˻⣬ĿһתϵֻȥһֻĦҮèľذ˯Ƭشϣůʡ
飬ǣŤͷȥʣһ뷨ڿ滳麬Цʱ
滳ֻĴָĻֻСˣƬгԶƬһһǰ
뿴ԣǲԾ΢Ц滳Ȼ˵ΪæǴؼһˣûѧôȥƽʱǽ̣ðϲǡˣҰָ֡
ţʲôֱ̩һϸɲ
滳ЦҡͷĦҮаӣСèлǶʱҰֱȽϰԡ 
ȥ滳飬һЦ
㲻ϲֵĻٻġ滳ֻøԼƬ
ҺϲͼôǺˡ
Ȥ滳ϼƬʱʱָĳЩЦĵط滳ⱻɹɫͣһŰӺͻ֮Ȥ¡
ʱ֣ΪҪضʢ飬ò滳ֿ滳ҲΪӦ꣬벻ҪԼ˰ͻȥϢûҪȥ⻪Է
ѹصϴ֮յ滳ջصҵıƽţָĻһ䡰
յĳӭ裬Ӵķ϶Ｗһʹ˸硣ֻߵߣԼ׵磬˼𽥴Խӵʱ꼾
ǶȴǵĹȥ滳޵˵ţҪӭȢԼӡ
⶯ĽŲҲŲţٶըһʱԥץԼ·ͳԿףͷҲص߳š
滳ױ̨ǰëͷùֻȥʱĶţһ
Ťͷȥһ۸ձʣ˲绰뷨ʱҲһҹ˯òģѾˣȴõαһѰ
ƻͨƹ⿪ʼһյһյϨֱ滳ķ䣬˵ֻһյͷơеεδˮ𽥿ģ壬ƺǲӺܸߵĵط£滳ܾƺܽԽԽһһؿԼ
չϵķű򿪣ΣѸռͷȥΪʲôܹͨؽ㼱ת˭
ƵĴͷǡǡܹ˵ݣˮ΢΢ʪĳĿݣдһ˿ƣЦݡ滳ķ̼գע롣
ЦһȥԼմˮĳ´ɳϣöĵ𣺡·ˣô꣬˶ʪˡ
滳ȻʧЦ߽ͷס֣ʵȻ֪ô꣬㲻ڼϢʲô
һ˿΢Ĺ⣬滳ϵᡣʱϦԼȻǰȣϲãԼƣ
滳ûеõĴ𸴣ɻ֮ʱ̧ȥֻⲢķ˫ͬǳҫԡ
ſ˫αס滳飬һƳ̾Ϣ滳ĶУˣ飬ҵȲˡΪҿԵȵ㿪ҹҲΪҿסȥǰ嶯
΢΢סЦһ˵ܶ˶ΪұˣñǰһЩȥ嶯顣ǻ飬˲ӵĶﶼãˣȲ졣
滳Ҳ޷ڣ飬ԼղŵЩЦ֮䣬ʱҪĵزˣôˣкβɣ
滳ʱסо·߬Ǽǣͼ滳ΥĻȡ
룬ȵȣȻ·ġ滳Ҫܿ˫΢΢ƾ룬ͼעתƵĵطѾôûܽӴ뻳ʱǼֽ̰š
ͣ£滳ͷţ滳һ˿˸ûȥҪ׽滳ѾЩƣСʣ飬ô
滳۽΢΢ΪԺǨһһ
ʲôأⲻǱˣİ˰
Ǹʹǰ˶٣Ծɻǰ룬ҲǸΪѹһֻΪ˼һ롣
滳ססĴϸ룬֮ҪȥЩģҺγ룿
˵ݣ֪еĿʹҲʼһ㲻ҵ֮Ҫȥ㾿˭øࡣֻҪమ͹ˡ
ķŰ滳˫ۣ˫ֱϵ롣ػӦţԼ֣ԼΥİ
лҪ˵ûˣһξԲ

һ

һҹ, 峿ʱ, ɢµϢﲻǰǰʪ, Ǽˬ˳űٸʡ
滳Ժ, ĺȵĲת˸, ֻ˫ü, ·ڳ˯жɡ
, 顭벻Ծ滳, üͷԾɽš
촽Щɣûҹ滳ʪȵĸо, ˿̵˿һǿã, Ҫ
滳۵ظסӣӦ, 룬
ĶЩ, 滳Ĵʱоˡͷһ˿ɻ, ٶסĶͷ, գʶ뷢ˡ
ϱһ꣬ûϴˮҲûл·ֲýᷢա滳һԼûֹͬʱ, سԼ´ȥ¼ơ
ֻȲȴĶӳŬصƤһְ滳عŲš
飬ҪȥĶԸҴһЩΪ岻ʶɳƣ˼ˣ°Ͳ˲滳ļһЦ˯һ
滳εʱͣס˶ȥ̵˵룬㷢ˣȥ¼Ƹ£ҪҪȥҽԺ
Լ֪ˣֻþǲԸ⶯֮Щ˿̸Ǿó֮Ҫ滳飬ʲôҪ
滳Ĳ䣬صҲܣ˯һͺˡʶģģģ˯Ͳ̬ںһֻ֪滳鲻ߡ
滳һʱû˰취ֻðḧĺ󱳣滺õĲʵܵԼĴڣٶȺ룬Ҳߣȥһϴּͻȷſòã
ţȥɡ滳Ҫȥϴּ䣬֡
滳Ӵ˯ۣ봩˯֮ڴͷȥһϴּ䣬֮Ӵͷ¼˦˦Ҹ¡
ڴʱʱ̽ͷ¶ȣʱ佫¼ó鿴˿ֻǵաҩһˮѹ룬ѣҩˡ
û˯ţʶҲѣŸоԼЩ̣Ҳûж
ۣ滳ͷԼǵǵģЦһѧ滳ϰߣ̧ȥ滳ıӣЦû£ġ
˵꣬ԹԵ滳ιҩˮɤûиղŵɳƣ˵Ӧòߣ˵Ҳ죬ûˡ
滳źˮ֮תͷ̾˵ҲҲãôأ
һʪ֪һʱ嶯ֻΪ˼һ˲ԼȻ벻ģֻҪԼͬ롣ܲˣһ١
ץס滳֣Լߣһҧ٩ôǺأѵ㲻ôôʱ䣬һ㶼ô
滳Ϊⰵʾ˵Ƕ΢΢ӣ˻忿شͷҿԲġԼԲһ̰ˣ֮ǲݡ
˵ٶ࣬ҲǸ뾿жôҪ
Ǿˡ̫ˣ֪ԭ˻ӵҲһҪֻ࣬˫Ц⸡𽥳£ΪһƬ
ȥ滳֣Լָһһؼ滳ָ죬ܵؽš
ڴߵ滳չṴ˴ǣǵͷʮָ۵ֻ֣Ȼ̧ȥ룬۵׺Цȴﵭ׷ҵôʵԵ׷ûУ׷Ҽˡ
ѵ滳黹£ʱȻӦȻҲûƷɡﴽ΢Ц׷ȻҪ׷ģֻǰһ׷֮Ŀ֡ڽ֮ǰҪ׷ˡ
ﻹ׷ӣƶ졣
滳𴽽ǣɿֵ׷û׷֣ô֪Ҿһܣһ㶼档ȥĶͷˣ˵ЩȥͣϢһ
ЦŵͷĿ滳뿪䡣
滳͵ʱԼӦûеҪԴĵز˴˻ͷȷʵôΡ
Ŵڷߵ¹ԣߵӹ񴦣ÿһӳİ軹뿪ǰģ滳ûлκζûб䶯ǵλá
±ۣܹԼӡȥҪĶϤþͷ·δ뿪
ǵã滳ĻŴӶʱڵĻͷһ仭ԴӸһ֮󣬱ΪרĻҡΪеĻȫһˡ
ţһνӽʱڴסŰѣŷ϶һһֱܹĽ롣
ԭǻĻֶһȦǵԾһ桱֣Լ໥֮ڡ
űߵǸʼߣֱֱͦģỺĽŲÿ߹һָĦһһֱȥЩ滳Ļǰһһ߹
˫ˮͣۿ⣬ﱻ滳̻ԼˮҲֹסۿת
滳ʱܹùľԼ滳ʱأȥֽϣ⻷ܵĻʵ滳ĹµҪĶ࣬滳ʹǱҪöࡣ
һոմջ䣬ͻȻƮһ룬ʲô
ûнţûлҡ滳ͶޱطĴ֪ôҲһȻ
ͷӣջĨȥᣬתʱۿӣǿջЦŵ٩滳飺飬ĻԽԽտˣ㿪չô
滳ЦЦ߹ȥǰͣס¿˼ԼĻ˵ҲûԽԽˡ
ĿӻƵЦŵһ׽סһָշ۽ǣ˵ûҪҵĻ̫͵ֻҼģ뵽Ұ˵Ӷȵʱ֪Ǵûзֿ
滳ûΪ벻߶ٽ䣬ÿ߿Ϣʱǰḡֳģ
гģ侲ģҲжǰ칫ġЩڱеģЩģȴһĵ׶˼
ԼĨ۵滳飬΢ЦĻȣѱסȥס滳壬ͷһǣ˵ǰûзֿ֮һֱమšҴû뿪ҵӣһ춼ûС
滳չüۣЦ۽üֱǣס֣Цʵطɣ࣬ڷճЩ嵭ıȽϺá
˳ȥԭ£ǨͣԹͬѹͬؿҪеҸöࡣǺݲģ޷ȥʹϣܹమǲףﻹͬ˼ٳʹࣿ
лҪ˵滳ĻСƤޣɺģ˾͸ˡ

һ

ǵ, û̫, Ծȥ˾
ЩȻڸ滳һ, Ҳȷʵ滳˵һ, ոջȷҪһⵢһЩ顣
ڶڹѾ˵һ, ֻҪ滳˵Ǳһһ̬ò, Ҫȥ˾
滳ֲ, ٴȷܹƵķΧں, ͷͬȥ˾һ䣬°ȥʢ, ڹ˾š
ʢڽ˲ٴ, ټŰͼ˸ĿѾǼֲ֡
һǴϰ಻þͿ°࣬ʱ仹Щӳ, ߹½½뿪ʱ滳Ѿ̤˶ʢ
滳鱾Զʢܲ, ǰ, Ȼû֪ΪʲôӦļΪʲôĽ, Ҳ˵Ӵ󵽸ȥҲ²⡣
滳ӡһֱͣģļֻΪܹõȦ㡣̫̫ĹȥУЩĵ׵滳໥Σ໥Ľ֮չ¶
滳أҲ滳ϰȥһԭ򡣿ɵ滳鿴̸ʱ, ס˽ŲϣƺԼӡ
ֻԾһǰݣɫ˫˲ұӵ뾫Ǿվѣǰ٩٩̸ѹƶ
滳Ṵ𴽽ǣԶԶš
뱾˵Ҳ֪Ǹ˵ʲô΢΢̧۵ɨ˸ȥͷ˽ƵĻ
һЦüŤͷȥģ˲䱻ϲûֱĴԸ˻Ӧȥǣס߽滳֣ѹֲס᣺飬°ôôô磿
滳Цǣţ˳ƽһ䣺ôæʱ䣬Ѿ°ܾˡ
һæкܡͷʢִܲãȻĶͷ˾Ҳġ
ǳǳЦˣ˵˾䣺Ȼȥɣ˵ղǼ¡ģȸղҪºЩظ˿˸к뿪ˡ
ģ滳üһ΢΢Ϸʵƽʱ˺ף㿴ߵʱоӹʲôƵġ
ߵ࣬ǣԼ칫ҵķߣ˺üŤͷ滳ߵ٩ֻ㲻ס
滳ע⵽뻶ϲӣƺӸղżԼ֮Ϳʼġǰһʱϲŭܻ᲻أˣȴʶСܣҪһ䡣
İ칫滳÷ʮϽİ칫Ϣңеһ䣬еĺӰ
Ű칫ҵ滳Ȼ屻ĻУ滳Ц飬ǲǾúϤҶǰ칫ĸõģҰǱߵʱҵ鷿ҲǰǼ鷿õġ
滳ߵʱԶԼʶȥֿʱ붼Լ滳顣
滳ۼЩΪõһʱĬĬҪ֪Լж
滳˴ǣû̻Ӧͷȥʱ˵ǲǻҪ㣬ţ
Ȼˡ°͵滳ļͷ£ޱȵ˵ԵĻûнһ¡
ʱ˵ĻԵΥ͸Уȴֲ̫滳еӦǰϲͲܹصʱģ
滳ãϲӡ
滳黹ǿԼɻ飬ôˣôһֱң
滳Ŀ⣬̧סıӣûʲôֻǾ㲻ܱʲôӣǰôո̸СŮ
˽ֱۣʹ滳黷סĲӣ漴ЦΪСŮûгɳʱͰ㣬СŮˣܹˣϰǰָԭӣֻڱǰʱŲǸ۸СŮ
滳鿿һ㣬ĶͷЦûƶȴһҲûġ
ЦЦû˵о滳Ҫſ֡
칫ϻڷļ滳߽һۣʵʲô
һչƻڿǰģ쿴Ļʹؼȥ
滳ȻˣҲûʵ˵ˣչҹ˾չƻѾⶨˣڿһҵġ
ԶִµĶʢȻû˥ļ󣬵ڿطչûдһƬء
滳Ƿļ˼ط˼ҳʳָָŴƬ»䵽·ʱʵô
Ͳµ滳ʣһߵһļ΢΢滳ǰʹ滳һ̧۾΢΢һЦ˵Ȼ㣬ƻĶΪڽͻԷչҵ
˿ȥֻõʮ㣬滳顣
룬ȱԣֳɳܹǵĽʱ룬ߵЦݶ·ܸȾΧˡ
˵Щƻ滳ȻȻ뵽̩ȥһݡҡҡͷļϳڰ칫ϣȴʧĽЦ˵ûҵͬͰԼȡİøңһѷ涼źˣʾô
Լɫ̬滳鰴Լϰϣģַ·Ϸʣգ˫۹ɵغ飬ҸʾһĿɶ̵ģΪĸͽʦѵøʦһЩرôȻʦܹ֪ͽܿǼǹʦһء
仰˵滳Ц⣬յýˣպ̧ȥĶͷ¶ȲûߣģЦˣ롣㻹ûгգҰҩˣǵóԡ
ŬŬ죬һô
滳ŴЦԼϥţζ˵ҽҰҳԷҲסǱߣҪһô
˽ϣ̴ӦһؼңͬʱҲ֪ڵһ״Ӧ
ȻҡҡͷЩ飬Ťͷȥ滳飬ڴĿ⣬ֱס˵ٸһʱ䣬Ҳ涭һʱ䣬֪Ҹǰһˡңеš
滳üȴЦһۡ滳оˣȻڱᵽ̩ʱȴǰһ˶
뿪ʢʱ滳ٶȶǵóҩϻ绰顣һһӦĿ滳ĳ뿪ҵķ
滳ڿżҳ̣ԪĻ¡ʱԶԶУŽŲ̩Ӵ߽
Цҡͷȥ滳ҲſȥЦ̩֣ȥһôͻˣ
̩ɳϣӹӶ˵ıӺˮЪЪϢ˲Ӧţ̫ƤˣȥԶ˲֪òܻɴڸ˼Ȧ
ĻſڵذϵĦҮֽǵ̩üЦ
Ҳ֪ǲ˼ҸϲƽЦû̩Ȼ滳ؼҵֻСǳϲԼֲ˵ʱȥɢЦҲЩ
㻹˼˵أɽ˻˿֮˵ڰӺͻľ㣬㿴ʱҪôȥ
滳һʼ˵һҪѰӺͻع⻪Էġ̩Ȼ֪ΪʲôҲ²⵽ԼǸйء
ôһ̩뵽滳ĽӴɴɫȥ滳飺飬⼸Ӧ˵˰ɣʲôʱǸóԸ˵һ˵ˡ
֮ķֿҲ𡣽廹ϵˣôܹػԼİ飬ĽҲԾ̩ȻҲҪõ̩Ͽɡ
滳鵱Ȼͬ⣬΢΢ͷӦ֪һᰲŵġ
ϥϵ֣ɫͰؽ飬ϲʲô˵һ˵ʳġ˵ɨ̩һۣм΢ʵ˵ְͻǵϹ˵˵׶ͷǸƨɡ
̩ˮһӱɵĻǺˣ±ӵһۣһű˵еΣߵ֪ʲôһط
⻰˵ûЩϣɵĻǰѾ粻١
滳ջ¶Цݣ¥ĸĸϥϵֺȻȵ£ͷȥֻڲȣ۵ͷֱ
еĳԺ︡ȥŰӵԴСһ˷ֽܵ˼ʵʵ滳ë׵Դ
滳֪˵ʲôģֻƾűȥ׽ԼԴ΢΢ţᣬôˡ
лҪ˵²¿ϰ黹С

һ

ôЩ춼ûȥӢ, Ź, ЩƷˮ, ȥӢҡ
Ӣϵ, ŽæЬ, ʵ룬첻ϰôôпչң˵߰ϰѿǽ, ӹĴȥŵ輸ϡ
ЦЦ, Ӣסɳ, жȥһ룬΢Ц˵ҪȻæ, ȻҪ衣
Ӣ۾, һɵЦŻص˵ѵĹԽԽˣ治ɫĲ, Ҫǲ֪㰡һء
Ҫ˵ĵ, ǻ滳Ŷ, 滳, Ӣ۵ӹһĨȻҲûٶ˵ʲô
һסӢ֣һֻסļ򿿹ȥֺ˵ô˵ңϸ׽ľˣѵǰһ㶼Т˳ô
Ӣ֪, Ҳ˳ˣͷͬǣŮТ˳ˣ֪ôӦˣˡ
һȻʶӢ˵ġ˭˲ЩȻ
Ӣ֣룬룬룬лڣӦĹҲӦѲɵ㻹ڵԼְô
Ӣô˵ķӦȻӦͣҡͷϣԼһ˿Цݣ裬ˣҪû㹻İһֻЩţҪԼŮѴؼܸĸһĽš
ӢԳЦЦͷ漴ͨһҪ˳˵õϿɣЩš
üۼȷǳôˣָ̩ȥ飬ټ滳ΪʲôѰӹã̩ѾԷˡ
ڵģһʽĻ棬һʽ̩˵Լ滳鰮˵Ļ档
ô˵ӢҲͷ̲࣬סЦοҪһصģ㰡Ͱ涭ƽʱһ顣ţ˳ᢣȫڳҪһϵĽͰ㿪ʱŵܲײˣһҲ¡ŮѲɻܲײ˸ˣ
롰͡һЦ˳ץסӢָҡţ˫г΢Цģ裬ôݵģҪô˵ҵǱܲײ˸Żô
Ӣԣ˼ָղ׺͵ģЩطϵڲᲢۣĴ費˵ȫûеģҴλãҲΪҵŮȥǡ룬Ƕûд㹻ᶨôĴ۾㲻ϵĴۣע˻һġ
ΪӢһϯ뱾ŵõһЩ͡Ƿ֪һĶ϶֮һ㣬üչࡣӢĻӢԼĿصͷ裬ˡ
ӢοЦ׾ͺã緹ɣôЩ컹ûա
Ҳ˸ղŵ꣬صءšһӢ߽
ʱŸӢӢͽӵ滳ĵ绰ģʵӪһССľϲδزϲ
ȥ滳İ칫ʱٴμԪֻͲֻ滳Ķѵģʽظ
Ԫкˣ
滳鿴û˵͸Ϣ˵Ҫ΢Цš
磬˵Ҫȥˣô졣ߵ滳£Ҿ硱еȻ
ûиȻ˸磬Щʵġ滳ŬӦֱָЦݶЩ
Щϸ΢齻ûԪԾ׺͵Цǰߡϧˣĸϲҵľۻᣬ˰ҴӹĺƸͻ鶼ȥˣһ⡣
滳СʶǺѣȻ滳ݳƷ̫ˡ˻ʱҲûʲôصģǡƻ̩滳鶼ȣҲʹЩڱĻ
滳ȴһ²輸ǶļٵЦ磬Ұôæôôô˵Ҽ֮ڵĺƶˡ
Ԫ֪ڵ٩Լʶ滳ɴӲǼƽЩˣιҵޣΪ֮ˣҲô˳Ӧʲôеģˣ˵꣬Բһġ
Ǿôˡ滳˳ƽӻ
벻𣬷һЩ졣
컹Լְûܹܵͷϣȥϰ෴滳ˣҪǻǰԼҪڵԼݺݵرӵˡ
ǰﰵһЩӰɡȰȥ滳һס֤֮ٿˡ
ôʱԪһĴվһ˵ˣҾͲСˣղŲ˵Ҫôͻȥˣǵġ
Ťͷȥ滳飬һɻӡ
滳һԼĴ㣬ҲֻһЦûлشֻ֣վԪ˵磬ǲȥˡ
ԪԼĹİ뿪ɳ¶ЦʲôϵֲԺ󶼲ˡҽ˻鰡ɩӹСסپһۣⲻͺô
滳ЦŵͷǣҲվԪ˻תԵһ䣺ˣˡ
ŲԶȥ֮ǰ칫Źϵ볶˳·ʵ飬Ҫô
滳תü룬ʵаô
ţ滳ôһʣŻش𣺡Ҫ˵еĻԼһԷµĻûСΪʲôô
Ϊ滳Ҳͬ˼ҪԼԼΪʲôʵ
滳Ȼô򵥵뷨΢΢һЦȥڣȲĿ£ƿ˵Ļ̫ˣٸһϵϢʱ䣬ϸһؼҳԷ
ȫû뵽ȻԼһ˲۾ؿ滳飬鿴ȼˡҪ滳Լû׼Ҫ̩ɣôͻȻһ˿һ׼ûС
滳鿴źЦ̧ȥգûöֻʵôˣһŵӣȥô
㡭ڸʣͲ
Ư˫ôģЩɰôģ滳һ㲻˵̫࣬ϸ˵û̫ˣҲôá
뱾ţȻ滳ôһ˵ʶգգ̧ۣȥס滳Ҳ֪Ƕ滳ͻֱ׸е߻ôˣ˸Ϊţҡ
롭滳̧֣ĳסĴ˵ܾĻ
뿴滳˫һ۾񣬴ֿսԼĶԣϷʵ˵ϱҪŵģ˭ҲôģȻ˵ˣʽؼһܻҪġ
˵úôЦ滳֣˵ģ
ֻ滳γ˫ĵԼԼôŵӣҪ»ҪԥϼġϾһʽ̩Ľ氡
滳ΪѣЦݣջװ䵭ģ˵Ȼ㲻ͬ⣬Ǿˡ
ȴץס滳Ҫջص֣Ȼᶨͬ⣬ͬˡ򴽣ڶ滳˵ڶԼ˵һ㣬˵뿪Ϊ֤ԼһˣҲɼˡ
滳΢΢ˣˣ뻹֪̩Ͽ˽š
˼ˣ滳ڲղһ䵭ģЦǳβ֣ʵʱ§뻳У𴽽Ц˵£ڣζϲί
лҪ˵е

һ

滳ǰһ˵˲Ҫʲô, 뻹ǳϢʱȥЩƷ̩˲Ҷ, ˱Ʒ, Ҫ滳İȥ, ЩݵݳƷȻʡ
°ʱ滳ؾ͵ڶʢ¥£ŷ̵ʳָԾ, üۺЦǵĻȴ뿪ʢһֱֵڡ
ǵֶʢԱʼ½߳, 뻹ǲӰ, Щɻ, ˸绰ȥǱԼĸ߸ЬӦߡ
, ô滳Ŀǰ, ŵ绰Ǳߵ롣
һֿ̧һּӿ˽Ų滳ȥ, Ͼ͵ٵҼӡղŴ֮һװ, žЩ
, ¥µ㡣滳ڴع˵绰
߽滳߷Χʱ, ʹѾʮϤ̲סĿεϡ
һϮɫ¼ԼʱУﴩż򵥵İɫ°ڼнĺɫǦʿϸĸ߸Ьĵ˫޳ݡֻ͵Ĵ, ɴƫƫ˻עĿ
ϸʻĵһ仰滳飺飬ô᲻᲻¡أϴŵһװϰܴܲǸղ°ʱŻġ
滳һֱϳģֱҲδƿߣôһʣ΢΢ЦˣʵԸѣŽ¡أ軹֪ʲôӵôͺܺã̫¡ʵ䷴
üôҲô£ĵװͬû滳ôʵǡҺÿô
滳һʱЦøζˣȻǽŰôʶԼʳǶôĿɰò֪οװĵ͵죬᲻ÿأ滳ֻãô
һڴɫ滳̾˿ͷȥⰲȫҪΪʲôⰲȫ滳̽ӹȥ˫ֳԣ׼ȷסĴ
۾˫ʶصֵס滳塣滳Це˫ۣ΢΢סȲȻԼĴѾ滳ԼĿ趯ҲѾȦס滳ӡ
ֱǵԼ٣ŻסԼ಻ȥӦ滳顣滳Ĵǣų׷ֿ˼ʻ
ָһĨԼĴߣʱü滳飬ҵĴ࡭¥ǰոͿõģȫ滳ˡ
滳һ߷һƳһۣʻʱŵػһ䣺㲻òÿôĶжǸܴҵ뷨ô
˵Ȼ뱻⺱Ū˶е㲻˼ɴտڲԣȥԼİ㲹һ´ࡣ
滳𴽽ǣĿбӵؿųʵʰô
ȥʰãع⻪Է֮ǰԹȥϡ
ʰˣҲûжٶƷˡֽСӰԼϲĴĨȥ
滳Ŀֿר־Ϳһۣ򴽣ֽ´ҧסһ㴽ζƽһƵģ˵ˣǼﱸС
ֶһ£оԼһӾһһرתͷȥ滳飬ֻ滳¾ĲһĨȴůĵ΢Ц
ǰ滳ڵĵطļҡ
ٴң鵹Ǻƽ滳ǣ¥ߡս͸оԼȱʲôоģЩء
ͷȥһֻٻɫСèմűߴֱֱܳ˵Ľϡ
Ťͷ滳飬滳ֻЦţȥСĵرסֻèֵСè˳ر뱧𣬻˲ģл
飬ǻô÷ʰСèӣоԼ󶼱ѹЩˡ
滳ƷݸӶˣŤͷȥ͵Ǽʳ̫ˣһֱôʣ̫ˡ
ڿ滳Ļͷ滳ֽлһȻſ뻳ģˣ㶼Ųѡ
Цһë滳ҲվһЦšõĻûãӢңңƮ˹飬룬ǻˡ
ûӦһĻԶ̱ȥ̧ۿȥһߵЦݱ㽩
߽ģȻЦӢ
裬ôӭǰȥΪһҳĻ棬֪ӢѾˡ
裬ûٰɣ滳ЦŸӢкסļ̬ģȫʶԼ仰һжྪȡ
Ӣҡҡͷش𣺡ûУã׼ҪԷ˵εŵͷЦ룬ʲô飿ӭô
ֻԼһң㶵ظ滳˵飬ʲô
Ǵʲô滳ʲôʱ衱ֽеôȻˣӢҲһϰΪӡ
һ䣬滳Ӣһ˵ĶǣЦ˽ʲôˣһдˡ
Ӣͱ滳Ը˽ģȻǸɸ׽Щ˼ɱŴӳˣ״Ҳкˣҿûб֮ǰˡ
Ӣ壬һμ滳ĸסɱúãԼĸ׻ҪһЩӺݴ滳мֱǳ
˫סһֻ֣ϸϸشݣʮ֣ûȴ̾˿Ȼ˵㣬ϴοҪˣɵöԵ㣬ԷҵʱС
֮ǰ̩ʱ룬ֻûԣûмĸˡʱüֻòûô˽ţ΢΢˿
滳ЦЦ˵裬ģһġŤͷȥɫЩ룬ѹøЩѵ룬衣
ֻԼջһķţ۵ڴЦ⣬˺ģҧһ´ؽһ衭
úúáһӾüЦˣֵ֣һ衱֮۵׵۰͸ˣ·һŮЦӯӯ˵룬ɱˣ㰮Եġ
ӢһԴȤŽӵɣɱ̫ˣѽʱҪա
΢ЦʲôһͲأƵúܣҲŸء
˵ܲ٣ܲٵô˵ţһĿʹӺͷƮ˹ѭȥ̩¥Ŀؿ˶ɢһɲŭƣʲôϯˡ
˲֪ɺ滳úܣ̩ϻװġԼҲΪҪ棬òһЩ̬ʵǵѾϿ룬ǳ
̩ӣ˶½ϴϯб̩λӢԴΣ滳
Ӷ˾رܣһʱԡ
̩ɫĳüȻоϥϵֱģŤͷȥֻ滳оǹ֪Ǻõһֱļ䡣
üĿ滳רעĿչڳͶĿվһԵľλλΪһһ˾ƣصλϲŸԼ滳Ҳϡ
̩Ŀֱͦ˼ɫͣ˵ô춼ûʽ涭棬ʧˣһ涭Ǹ˵գƱʾ⣬֮¡
̩ζĿֵһƣָĦűͷȥһǰɫҺ壬̧ͷʱֳ֮ǰ̩ʱδйţ΢Ц˵һԼиҵѾܹһˣ֡
лҪ˵ΪСcall

һ

ǹؾصرʾԼôû, ̬ȸ, һ̩֡ɴЦⶼֹס, ΢΢, ղŰڳ˲ʧһЩ
̩ȥԼıӣȴû̧, ȵ³иʲôܹʲô
˵ĶԻȫڴ̫ȵͷ, ̩ȴƫҪһ, мΪѵ˼滳΢΢ü, ̧ȥ룬Ȼɫ
̧ͷ̩Ŀ, һ˼, һ˾š滳ԲʱЦˣ̧̧еľƱ, ǹЦĿⲻ㲻, ̩˵, , ҲԡЩԲԡ
ӲĮ࣬ĿҲǳ˵, ־˾ٱӣؿ̩
̩ŵûΪĻκβߵӢҲĻӦ
Ծɾ룬û˭ֱ̩ЦԽ˵һ˴뱲ˣŲµľǻŮֻһŮƫƫҴĻǸϱҾţ˲Ϣ䣬ҿǵÿҪǸԶңҲӦõġ
˾Ʊ̩ׯ֣صĿ΢΢ҡҡͷǶԵġǵа飬ⳡûκҪһЩûбҪ飬㹻ܹȥֹ顣
ûоԵĶÿ˵ĳ㶼Ϊ̩Ĵǣ뿪ǣ滳ĵȴǡ
̩վƱοЦ˵룬ӭؼҡϣƱľƱ
ϳصų׻ͣоƺ£̩˿кɣô˻ûʽӷ磬춼Щ
滳ùһ⵽޵룬ֵúܺá
ó̩Ѿˣǰûп̩δģɵʱģȴӡСȫģ
ǳɳˣܹһˣҲܹΪˡ
û滳Ļַ̩ˣв٣˵ĻȴЩ滳мܲסֻ˵ˣЩʱûʲôˣͿǿǣҪӰɡ
һڣӢЩȣȴǱﲻסЦɼǵ̩һʱˡ
滳ȫû̩üҲ˴˵Ťͷȥ̩ܾ֣¡
¾ôˡû滳˵̩꣬Ƶشˣһţ۾滳鿴룬ֻص滳ϣᶨ˵飬㶼ʮˣǼϵĵȶòܱӣôˣ˭ԣ滹Уӡ
֣Ҫȥúڶ滳üͷýģû̷
ǰǻȥɣôЩִˡӢҲ֮͵Ů滳һ֮ǲⷽ飬Ǽ
滳ʵųҪһӣοǸĺӣ֪ôģ벻ҪҲǲǿġ
ôţֱߵ飬ȴӦȥ˭
滳ȥǳЦӯӯݶ֮ЦپҪҪӣ˭֪Ѿǵ˭ӡ
֪滳ٶ̩ķεͷ˵֪˰֣ǻȥú˵µġ
̩ˣݶ岻ǿԵ˵һ䣺ˣԷԵ㡣
ٷԵΪ֣ÿ϶Цݡ̩滳Ȱ˼䣬˵ãֱӢ䡰Լ˳ԺȣҲҪ˵ˡ
̩ӢҳѾЩ⣬һҪȥ滳˸λ
һ·붼ڳĿ滳ȥŵϣĻصʻ˳ص˹⻪Է
òأ滳õ䣬Žȥڴ߿šһνʱûеõ滳ͬ⣬һʲôǶûˣֻǰδеɣôϵɡ
Ҫȥǻ᲻м߶ԼſڣҲҪȥĵЩĵ˻᲻ԼӰ죬ҪȥԼ滳һ֮󣬽ĺ⡣
滳·ҽ¹֮ȥϴּϴֳڴߣȥһʵ룬ʲô
º͵ЦţһȦ䣬滳飬ȴ˵ֻǾúɣûйĸо
滳顰ţһ֪ʣЩȤ˿̵뷨˴ϣ쿪ֱʾ
ôһЦһ£Сĵɵ滳ĻУı۰򣬺ȻһֻعĹСͺԼȥȥ˶Զȥ˶ãʼն滳ߣԶûг뿪
һֻȦס滳Ƶ˵飬ǵõҶôԼݣΪʲôҪһʲôûеˣ˴ѹ˰ڲʱҾЭﶼǸÿ춼Ҫ᲻̬񻯣ڵŻ᲻衣ʲôֻܼϣڹ˾ϣԵʱ˵ÿһ춼δ֪
ϸ˵滳һֱֻһֻĺ󱳣ߣŴ˿ڽһأƽš
Ŀ⣬滳˫ۣĿתƣ˵ֱʶ㣬ӶΣΪңϲ㡣ǵʶǸʱ̫ǵ֪Ҳ̫ƣǻ֪ôʱҡ
滳սֱۣһñǼȥıǼ⣬˵ҿΪòôպպ㻹ܹһˣҲպҵ˸Ҫõġ
ϸϸһ
뵱ǻµˣ˸Եݵλܹ˽½ӴĻἸûС滳Ĳҵ̫ˣȥעһСǵļʱ֥黹С
滳ȥĺԵġ¡ҲǶλԾɱǣܹԹʵĿ롣
һɺʶ滳ԥ˺ôεټ
뵽ȥĺ˵ģ滳鶼˱˴˰ȫС˼ˣʵ飬Ҹİȫʲô
ʱ˽滳飬ӵһƾϵʤͷ滳ľѣϵǰĺڷ̰ĲԸ뿪
滳룬˵
ţ벻̧ͷʣΪʲô
滳ݸһЦһƵסĺԣѹԼʱ˵ΪӲȥκˣĸ㶼ھػţ߷㣬ǴСһ𳤴ҲԡǶңһʱĵذ鶼ңô
棬һЦᴸ˴滳ĺ˵飬˵ôֻкӲŻе鶼Ӹ˰
滳Ҳ̿ղ̩Ҫһ£΢΢Цüۣһѹ£ڷ䣬мƷա
滳Ц⣬뼴ʹѹ·Ҳû뵽ֻ̫࣬滳ѳ쵽˳ƻסĲӡ
룬ղųԷʱӦֵ㻹ǵô룬ЩͣЩϷʣָ
ǵãҪһҸĺӡ۾ģޱڴ滳顣뵽ǻһӣһ˶Ϊ衱ĺӣĶڴ
滳ЦһͷȥĶʣͻƳصǣھ;˭
ţʲôɻţرײ滳ȴȵ
滳뱧øͷסĴȴݾܾš¶Լ滳Լʱ૳Լ֣롭
Ҷ̵˼滳εȦ룬ԥݿǡһʱʣֶƬ滳鸩Ϸ壬滳һŨʱĲǹ߻𡭡
лҪ˵Ļ
ʵԤѾʼˣȤĻԵ΢һ¾Ϣôô

һһʮ

һ, ǰʱʱȥ, ԶݵĲ滳Ϊ, صǸ֮궼̤ĵطΪǸ, ʱĸס
ǰʱǡǡҪ붬ʱ, 滳ȹһģŶԷȹһļ, ƫƫڶҪůļڼǰ, ѡ뿪
˵Ҳ, ߺ󲻾þ滳ʮһգҲ, 滳ʮٽ
һ֮һ˼ҹʱ, ǶϲܵȥǶԷܶԷԼʱԵսǿѲѰϵռ, Ĵ
ֱͣԺüͷ˯, ۱㿴ǰ񾲵, 滳˯ʱȥʱǰ, ˿ԵΪа
һΪԼѾᱻ滳֮ѾϤزȻʸС˿滳ʱ־ãԵĵطˣʶమ, аİԾױ˴
滳üȻ𣬳Ľë΢΢ţƱ΢紵ŵҶعһĨЦţ滳
滳鳹˫ۣĿʱŸоһϤĶҪһֱҪģ򵥣Ҹÿ糿ܹ
滳˫˯Щḧ滳ıҶˣô
ղʱ䶯˼£滳ûҲˣֲûôȥ롣
滳ҡҡͷĲֱۣ𴽽һ̾ۡ
ԺһҪЩƲźãݵĻڶҪϰˡֲùʱǽķµԵɹŮϣȻ˵˵ƫˣ/µȷǲܹڳ磬¡
ԲЦһָ滳ĺʾᰴѹ˵飬ģ˵۵㡣
滳ȥΪĲ䣬λҲ͵ͷԵʣı벱ӺǰһƬǽ塣̫ܲɵģڿжôеҪ롣
̾סɿ̧ȥǰĺۣ˵Ժǵÿһ㣬ûпǵ컹Ҫϰ࣬ŷˡ
Цݣȥ滳鶯Щıӣϸס¶ļͷȥ滳ɢںڳкЩЦʣΪʲôҪƣһʱˣˡϴζҪ㣬һҪҲӦõģֲÿζöѡ
ôβܿƣα̫黳أο¼زٵΪ滳һֻ֮ҪͶϣԾͺá
滳鱻ɸµ޷ȷ⻹ǵһ˷ݣҲͲٶ룬ϷЦΪġһʱˡ˾ֻܿˣɲҪҡ
滳û˸ղŵĸ̾˳ԼĻ٩Լ㲻ɵûЩߣ΢̵ĺһУ˵飬Ҫ˵ۣҲӦҲŶԣ£ȴҪһΪʲô
֪ʣ滳ЩʳָĶͷЦ͵˰ɣ
˳ƴ⣬̹ס˵꣬ĿԶ滳Ĵ϶˿˿͸˽óⲢģֻʡ
滳ԶҲŷ˸⣬˽Ļ
ɵ糿ҵпò׷ɼ죬Һܾûôиˣͻص졣
ܿ滳飬滳Ķ˵ţЩ̾ȴûл˼
ôЩӹ滳鲻ʹΪϾԶĸס˵滳ϧִϣЩɫʵʱ򶼺Ϣô
°͸滳ļ򣬿滳ɿֽգݼݳǳǳ̾ЦϢҪϢģֻǲɣΪÿ͵һ죬ҪһȻ˻õҪģȻ㡣
˵ţ°»һЩ滳ںڵĳƵأݽĹȥǸʱҰ˵æҲܰ㣬涭ҾԶǸֻ֮ҲȥԼһأҲֻҪ涭ϿңҪǸδǡ
ԶǵԼոսܶʢʱ״̬ȴдһʫʵǰ㣬ְλȴʩչȭšܾԶ˽°ģÿ춼鷿ҹ
ǵãʱԶ鷿ȻԶ˵룬ȥһ㣬ֲֹʱܿ;ܾԶ
Ĭ䣬滳ͷȥ˳Լͷͷʵǵʱôشģ
ĺһϣں䣬þòҧס滳ǣЦ˵䶼ȥʤ̧ͷ滳ҧһڣеţ֪ҿڣһңҾܿڣһ˿ڣЩͻᱻǹ׶ˡ
δҪȥѰ滳İ滳֪ζῪڣѰ˸ػصķʽҪĶͨĻȥ滳֪벻йԼκζ
룬ǳҡ滳Цһͷȥͬʱͷֻȥס°ͣ̾ûг׵ҵĽĿĲ֪ôȥˡ
򴽣漴һԼĴһЦ
滳ĵЦݣԹĺޣȫڻɣԹԶ˵ֻԼᣬģ룺ȥˣ룬ȥˡ
ȥˣһֱһһֱһ𡣾ϦʱµԸһġ
ڴϼ磬ű滳Ȼ˽첻Ҫȥϰ࣬ܲһֱڴϡ
˶ö³滳ϴ֮ȥԵģڼʰԼһЩ飬֮ϴ˸衣
ѷĴ̼䡣վڴԶԶԶľ¥ӳһĻԺ︡֡
룬һˡ
滳Ӻ󷽴ͷȥֻ滳ͺзڲ輸ϣ󻺲߽
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