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;пأͻƣǵҪһ츳͵ԵԾֱ꣬Ͻˡˣǰ̣֮ǧ򻯣γݵľ档
ƸɽһΪһռһΪɽʦһˣǰɡսʽ΢ֱǧǰɽӿˮڴ˵ûԵΪɣǰʥལӻţͬʦܹºͻ龳磬һڵԸˣǧ˸ҷ
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ݹ٣һڵСǻ裡ЦУһӰƸɽϷӹգۼһڴǰ
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2 
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3 
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Ȼһȥĵ׽ΣϾĿǰΪ޷ǴԼһЩ
һѡϸ񣬶ԴźĵӸϸÿһοˣִ׶εĲʸΪŵӣʱʽʦ
ľֻһֱӻŵӣһֱٺľһͽϸ񣬾󲿷ֵӶ˳⣬޷ĵӴԪľǰɽϼˡһһֱңǧ˵ĴЩᣬʤڸֶ࣬Ͼһ֮֮һڿ˾ԶʤЩǧ˵šͿԱٹȣҲηůʮĸڵӸճ£ӡ
ЩǴӷ纣¥Լġ
纣¥ż鿴µӵźûñΪ˺ѣԼôõġżôһЩ鷳ʱ־һЩ鷳Աȥˡ
гǣҶϵΪĽӲŲԶǧһڣȻԺգҵȣνƽ׽ˡ
жС㻤ţû˰֮ĴԷ˼ͥǰ֮һ֪з˳ʿ٣Ϊйأڷ籩¶٣Եŵķ˵ӶŹӤ֮࣬Ȩƣ˰ۡˣͬŵĵв˶Ʋһ˾Ϊԡ
˾ҳҲͬǳӵĽߣܻڳмһ˵ѲŻڣǰ㣬Ʋĳѧߣɵ̶̼¾ҪǷһӾתΪʺͼޣǿ纣¥صǰʺã
ǿŷ纣¥͵ҩܽչѸ٣һһһҪÿ
Ϊ¼ǵһȴ˿δӰ죬ЩȤ
Ϊ֮˸Ʒи߽࡭δ˵뵽Ǹаޣ˼ü⵹Ǻͷûʲôͬ
֮侺ͦҵģΪΪ䱦ҩͬҲٸ꣬еҲ١˵ظҪ㲻һͷ
壬ñӾȹ̼ˡ
ҪøжгһԼȻԼССķС
Լչֳľ츳Լۿɼǵ÷ɿΪȴմմϲ⣬һ˿Źֵǳ
ȻΪ˾ҲΪֶǵüˡ
ɽϵȺʱһ棬£˺üС˵ȥ¥ü˵顣ǵС˵˵ĹУǣͨˮƽ󲿷һʼͱԲ֮ǻԵһһǿ֮·޳ɴЩһʼ׿Խģ³һѾڷһҲӲȻ˵ˡ
С˵Լһǰɣ롣
ֱͷ纣¥Լἰ£ȴǻЦǶΪڽЦõȷܺЦ
Һ档͵ȻԷЦø
żðͷ˵Ƿղ˵쿪ͷӴϳƵ˳˳ˮϾһЩа˵ÿܰȻǲ촹ˡ
һʮ㣬һ֮˳˳㣬ʱӭ߳ͷĻᡣ


4 
һڵӱѧϰպͿȥɽǰʾԻȡʯ֮дͷ󣬵Ǵ󲿷ҪɽѧȥˣΣҲüܡ
ŵһöʯһƿƷҩļ۸ʮöʯһܻһƿһŹϣʽʦ֮ǰһ֮ﶼôɽţҲɽζżʹҵӣ֮ǰ޷üӿٶȣֻʳ
ǵ廨ţȽϼ򵥣ͨǲɼҩ֮Ĳ¡
Ҳġиҩ¶һ˸ڳԣȻܷ񣬵ôǳɣĩβǿһҩлǰֻ˻Ҫģȷ󣬾Ҫġ
еԾԾԣʱû֮ʸʱѾˣֻǵ÷˽Ϊֺɫǵرһڸʾֺǰ˵뺡
Ȼͺʧطֻǲҩӡ顢һζҩֲҩܳĩעҪ̨ˮ̶ߵġ
鷳ֹһ䣬һ¹һȥȻƫƫ˾ڱбۿֻӰսҡ
ν˲˾Ϳ˳ۣ˿̰˻ȥҪƽ׸һЦԼĻᡣ
ʦҪȥģ
Ȼǻȥ˯ƤЦⲻЦȴ˭ʦã֮Ҳ˾ʲô˵ͷߡ
һסƣ֮£̨弸ָճڱԷһС
졢̨壿ƽͰ߶ţҪˡ
侲ǵطôˣΣգ   YuriAcgn    
㲻֪ǿǳסĵطǵطһֱǽأ˵س´κ˶ôųޣ㡢㾹Ȼȥǲҩ
Ӷǹɡ㵱㾹͵ԡƣЦСʣǸس˭
ӡ˵֣ƽӴûȥס֮ͱƿڷУ˲֪õһʷ
һͿԽ£ȴǵ׿˵´Եøг⣬¹سӣԼĽ֮飬ܻȱ˵ʲô
ԭӿɽʦһ˿ʼ˵𣬲ˡ
״ͺãһǧڵģлл˵ڣתһЩ߶ͼ꣬Ҳûʲô˵ģ㽫ַŴЩ
ǡǧǰˮ˵õɣƱʱʼ
һ˷ǧ꣬һڶûеڶ˳ɣ뻯ڵĶ٣һµĻɽ󷨱ӣϼӪȻڼЩŵĲһսʽ΢ȴʼûж˴С
ֱǧǰʱһһĳˮڶĩڣһȴٳ޷ͻƣۿԪľ㶯ǰ˾ɽɽͩΪϹŷ֮أˮ˴һͩıΪɷš
ѡͩľʱ콵ǰδеӿˮȣΪͻͽǵ̤ڣͿɽ٣Ͻ硣
Ȼ³ͻȻǸһһߣһľΪ࣬Ϊͩľƣ˵κǧǰسԴ˽նɱųƼ᲻ɴݵĽޡ
ˮ˷󲻾ãʦܹºҲ̤붴ڣˮǸʱǼΪǹºߵʿľԪ󣬹º߳Ϊʿ֮һҲΪǸӵһԼڵһڱһԾΪʵǿڡ
ϷֱǽһسϣһͬʱҲǰľĳԼҩһϣⳤǻڣ潻ĻӮֻڵĸˡ
һ¡Ǹϣ
ֺһֱ⣬ûڳΪλʹŵȻҪ⡣
һʱ˼һ£ԼȻ֪
Ǹڴ֮ǰҲ˵֣˶֮Ϊϣû˵ϣﳤϡ
ˣۿһһһ۵׸ֳæȥ̸̸ĳӰɡ
Ŀǰ˲㣬´ࡣ
ġּȡ˶ƣ̲ƽĺҲ廰ˣĳֿ˻ϻӡ
Ӱе̳̳еĿףע⵽ظż˵ͻȻЩἰ⣬һҪȥҩܵĶƻץҪ˯ġ
ǿѾûʲôֹˡ
ճͱھɽƬͩ⣬ǡس·ŮӤѣ㽫һڣΪͩ·֣ԳΪ
ʱѼΪӦΪһӣسϷ뾹ǧѵһĽ֮壬Լ£佣ƽʵͱȺܶ´ӶСϽһʣسһ˵ԵʣһŰʦױס̨壬ǰչˣͿʼӣسǰ̨壬һٶûм˼롣
ֱʮǰǧལº߱أϸ֮ݲǧȣΣڵϦ֮ʱƹض
ǳһ뿪̨壬ͽԪӤشǧȣһս¡
öˣȥݵ˵Ҳ׬貧ӴսǧǶΣ˵ñȴͼĻʡ
ѾЩˣƵڴ̸̸ӳɫò
ʲô˿٣ʤѩ֮ġ
˵øһֹһ䣬ȴĪճŮӾµüۡ
Լһɰġ
ӦǼɣֽŵ⿪ʱƺƬ̵ѣʱΪԼһ
ڶ죬ѺַûжƵӰ˿֮뵽⼸Ҳȥ纣¥ĥԭʯ
ֲûߡ
ֺ˶һ񣬾Ͷˡ
²ȵĽͳһģֻмķɽ
˵󲿷ŵӾͿԿ¯ԼıһڵĵҪʽʦп¯ʸ
ٵӶԴ˶ΪǾúܺˣķҲǷһʱΪΡ
̨Ϊ߷ĩ壬ԶһȦŵִ̨ǰسϵĽȥڵǼǲС
̨תһȦҵɽµʯŽǱ߻ȥʯ֣˴ɽͷ
ֵͦŵʱϢƮһƣʮԶʱͻȻðһ⣬ƫлµķɽ
£ʱ׹ȥһ
еľƶţģɫ飬Ȼ󣬱Ƶգǰò¹ֳܸ꣬ɾɫ
ҽ֣ץץ֣ϼ֦ۻͣٶԻһ£׹ʱֿٻһںײϵǰһ̣ӱһ͵ķסˤ˵ϣֻ£ܵĽǴӼ߸ߴˤ̶ȵĳ
գգۣҶ϶͸ı۵³ƮһƬҶصЦ
ǵС֣յָץһ֦ſ֣֦ɢӳǰԼ۵Ļۣ̺Ѫ˿次
ȥĵѪ飬ܵѪζⷺµۡ
Ϊβ߿վͶ֣ΪİˤˣԼͻᱻ׷ΰɡ
ǡЦͳ³֣۵׵ȴϡ˾
ͻȻʶԼ̬ƺЩΣգסƬ֮뵽ʧ˲ƿһ໰ֵЦ
ԼҲǸͨĴǧɣҲĸǽ鳼Ҳ˵ͽ͵ͨˡ
˵ͷվʯȥ
ܿ죬㷢Щ
ɽϵķ׻ƻֻܵʯȻûдͷ
ɽͷŻаɣ˳۵ʯһһ̧ͷֱûƶˡ
ȥҪ죿
һ˲ֳղһжûֵľš
֮ǰߵɽŻ죬Ǵʵֻɽ߶ȴԼ֮һ̨ĩ壬Ǻߣһ£ͻȻе
ҷһͨûҵκаĶֻٶȶݺ߶һ˾֣ͷȥ
ոڸߴ忴˵ΣһСϪ˳Ϫˮ߱ܵ٣ȻˣԾͲҩٻȥ
û뵽һ߾죬濴СϪֻǶ̶һߣԲȴǧƣûҰ٣һʱ
ˮ㣬ûдϣôǻȵʣֻܸɰͰͿۼҰ
е޶˳޺ͣûл֮ģΪﴦһھڣ޲ҿԵʡ
·ϲЩҩϵ˺ܿͺˣƾӡһЩûȥһ弸񣬵峿ûþԶˮǰɽµٲӳУɽֳ֮ƣˮƼ죬ײʯ̨ˮˮ˸⣬϶£ƱƸǡ
Ǿɫ̫˺һŶȥζҩ
µˮ̶ߡ߶ż֣ѭϪǱȥ˼㷢ִ˵ؾһˡ
ٲ֮£ˮ̶УһԲʯ̨澲һˣһذףǰɫϸıӰӦǸŮˡ
ھǰɣԥǲǳʺ
ȴǰһ񣬻ӳһ⣬ûٲУƬ̺󣬺һ£һʯˮС
򿴵ʯƽпڣءۡһ֡
һΣԵؾ̾ˡ


5 
ǸŮӦӽʱͷˣûбֳκ⣬Ƿʯ̶ףװʩʩȻ
һ˲ǰ
мˣľڿչȡ
Ժһ˲ֳһʫ
ֻ˿٣ʤѩ񡭡
ȵȣ⻰ôе죬æסĿŮüǵɰ䶨ͻȻʶǰ˵ݡ
ӣ
ֶÿᵽӶôСĽһ¡
һڼΪѵļһһЦȻ࣬Ҫ˵һ䣬лӾ֮
ԷûⷬϿҵĸл˫ڵûжͣһʵ˵غ£
ҩ
䣬ᴹǴӦ˼Ϯ»صǿʯ̨ϣ£λûƺʹǰȶֺһ˲Էոֻ˦һĨӰԼԻĴ
ڳתһȦȺһûٺ˵һ֣۾ٲǰһϢ·һ̾ͻữΪһʯ
ǹԶĮء
ï񣬷׹ǣĹ̶¼ˣʤա
ֻԼǶġ
ӣתͷȥҲҩˡ
ˮ̶ͬһȫɨһ鶼ûл̫õʱ䣬һĵƤһ飬ҹĻǰͲɵ㹻Ĳҩڵһ۳˲Ρ
Щ˻Ĵңˮ̶˿ƽʯͷ£ȡһöҰȴû̳ԣ˳ŵ֧
ı꣬϶ɵĲҩ׬ʮöʯ
һɽ˵һʯȻ֪Ҫ٣ֱ˾Կˡ
ܺãЦݺݵҧһҰ
ʵǺʯҩ֮࣬纣¥Ϊ˵⣬ǺԣһһײһӣǳڿԳɢĵԵɡǮΪֹǵĻͳͳ˶һüͷ˰µĿˡ
ǵϵϢ̫ˣΪһ붼ϵó
лһҪ˾ϡ
˰¾ĺһڹ⣬̧ۿ롣
ǡÿԷһγٲӳһ⣬ʱ򶼸ܵˡ
һʯ¡
ôþΪһôһǾ̾ڶαЩζˡ˼ˮ̶¶ٿʯͷʱһ֪ΪΣƺһ˿ɥ
ʯͷ𣿡ʹأ뺰һ䡣
պͺˣǳģҲǻӣοίʵЩɵûԷɤ
չΪǰ󺰴Уؽݹᣬͺ֮ϡ
ûʯͷ
޶һһۣǺڻش̲ⷢסüë̶Цʯͷѵٲ𣿡
ǵЦϾԷһǡ֡
Цݶʱס϶һǿסЩѿڶɡ
ȴΪȻ²ɵģû鵶ˮˮ𡭡
ͷת˲ţΪ뵽ⲻǷЩ˿ɶҪɵġ
˵Ļɽʯɽܰɣ
ողûиܵرǿҲΪ̫ûܵҲܿǳ벢ûжԪӤڵΪЩ棬̽ʣӵΪǰٲΪƽҲѰɣ
ⲻһǵģûΪκβϸϸΪˮҪԽٲնϡ
üԳһ˿ɣ֪̽ȴѾ𣬼ʵԴˮµĶˮ
ǡ
ǷΪ֮ʣ
ΪΪĵ򲻵ãǴ˷Ҳ޷նˮ
峺̶ˮٲаƸ˵ˮΡĬһƺеˡ
ⲻǾ߶߶
λʦ𣿡һϸЦ⣬ɵǳǿġ
û˵ˡ
ԼģҲɵʯͷˣЦƬ̺ͻȻʶԼ̫ˡ
⣬̫ˣǿʦã纣¥Сʦ壬ǧĵһţԼƵ֮Ȼ̫ƶԳʲôʵ֮򣬵Կ϶֪ԼôԳ˵һԼͷ
ЦСһ۳룬߿ûмƽʧ񣬶ǴۣٶȻָ֮ǰ۹۱Ǳǹĵɮ붨״̬
ȡҲûмƽϣ뻹ǾôԲȽϺãⳤΪһɣضǾڴ򷽻ⷬԡ
ʦҲûС
ʱԼһ⣬ͬʱ︹
ⳤǸʲô˷նˮԭָľԼԼûͽٲҿǲ̫ˣ
ܵεգǣǿһЦݣţ뵽ʲô૵ʵΪԽˮΪ޻̸֮ͻȻ뵽̹֮Ŵٵأ۷磬ɷֿοˮ
뵽Ӷƿ˵һЩڽ޵¡
ݴ޵ôɵǽޣżȻϹŽףֹ۵òϵ轣֮ˣ轣֮ȴǸˡ˿ڣϹŽףȻڽϵȴԶ֮һ²Ӱķˡ
ʱʵûģںϹŴ˵ʱżȻ뵽Ȼ;ôǰĳЦԵԼ֪ˣôţô˵ҵŷбΪˮ˵ȷΪ
ô˵˼ؿڡ
֪ҶԽʵһϲͨӣоʱеСǰϰߣȻʧˣӻǵãԺ򣬲ͽһ
ԡ˵֣عڳĬ
һҲеˣԱۡ
纣¥żȻᵽλСʦ壬кܸܵԼսսռʱȷһֲĸоҪԷ纣¥ͬˡɸոǷԻòȻ
ĮģȴǾǧ֮֡
ƺͦȤ˰
뻹ǿʯϡ
ԪӤΪ˸Ƿߵ̶ˮϣˮãˮ˸飬Ȼ󳹵ˡ
˾͸ôس̵ˣĵ̨ӦдɣΪ˱һ䣺̨嶥дͷ𣿡
ûС
𰸾ϣ˵һҿ˻ֱӿʼ
һ¶ͷ۵ı飬һϰȥӣһ߿ڣеģ
֪ĸ򣬿ɷָ·
˳Ϫˮμɡһһ۵ĵӣʱд𣬵ȴش⣬˵֡
ԼΪʲôȻͺ˳ˮ飬˸ûȤﱾͲʹ죬㲻䲻Ȱذͬŵͼʹ
ѵӦ΢һδʦֶ𣿿öô㣬ȴǸ˱ģ컹㳶ʲôﱧԹ
㲻ŲҲ̫ϳˡʱ˼Ȼסüкظһͷ
Īǵǲͨ£
Ϸ֮ɫǱԴóǰһݣЦӣҵķɽˣ·;ңԶż彫ҩĽϣ֪
ˣ֮⣬˵ھ͸Ӧȴһԣǻص˵ꡣ
Ǹˣӣʵʵѻ˵꣺볤һ塣
á
ΪҪϰĴ𸴣ûϵ˵ԷӦˣһ˲ǰͶһλε齣
ףǣסˡ
Ҳ̫ɴˡ
ɽϵķзѳ𻵣û޺ãȥɡ˽͡
ѷɽɫԼǰѲ֪϶٣Ȼһ£ɣһ֣ǰѽͣڰա
͸ҵģüЩš
ԡ
ûоͻǽ⣬Լʵǽ裬ԷĻش˵һ㶼䡣
˶Щ⡣
ǲáȣѰ˼ţͻȻƳһϸ֦ģԼĪ߶೤滹˿˿
ʯ
ʱΪο⣬򲻽ӣһ֪ԷֻҲǰڳԡ
ȻгЦԷɵģҺû˵Ȼָ׼Ҫ顣
û򿴵֦ӿĸ齣󣬼û˵ʲôȥ
Լ˼⣬ĵԷسڣһѷɽҳݣּѿʼĿ˹׶ʡˣ˾䣺ǾͶл齣뿪̨塣
û̻壬ȥ˷纣¥ѽǷܹáԳ벻ͨµĳ̶ȣпܲŵӵ򣬻ҿ׵ȽϺáɲΪΥŹٱһ
纣¥ڣ⼸ľǷ߷߲ƽҪ˾ס˵Լзִ淴֮Сʦһѷɽ󣬶ʱ¶ǾĽ顣
гǱ󣬸¶۲ı顣
ǽ𵤼ķɽƷ̾ǰҲͲƷʣܻҪһ㡣
͸㣿ڻ硣ǰģﲹһ䡣
⵹á纣¥ƻҲҪԵСʦ㣬һѣ⽣ĻԵ
Ź棿
ްŹƵֻҩʯڿΪĶڷûơ
˴ķܺߣ
Ϊѽ෢ӳ̶ȵˮƽ
Ҿˡ
ˣĵϽɻ壬ǰ˷纣¥һ⡣
̫ʦ壬ϣ
纣¥Ĭˡ
˺һٶ
ˣ
š߰ɡ


6 
ص壬˾ǡϰ첽߹ȥЦǺǻһʦ֡
˾Ϊ鷳һ˲ӹһ˿ţˢһִ֣ĸߴ󣬿ʱĿƲ̬ưʵ£
һϺΧʮˣֻʶֻ֪Ӧƽʱ˾ǰСࡣ
ΪͬһŵĵΪߵǸҪ֣ΪȻطһһһٵǰȥҩ֪ΪΣн·ɽ׻
㡢˵ʲô˾ãʲôϵҿ㿴Ҳûˣ²Ǻ졣
ָ֪ô˼
˿δͱ˵̬ŵڳп˵΢Ц̺ޱȳǰ˵ҽչлʦֵġ
ʲʲô
ʧ֪Ǹӣʱ˲ãһѽ
˵Žǰѽг԰ڵȺǰתһȦƬǡ˾ϵĲԼεĽȻ˽ֵߵˡ
û߶ԶһӦ˭ѽˤˣͷҲأը˾Ҳ塢ںƤ¶֣뱻ȥɽ⡣
֮ܳһʱ䣬Լעţ˵֮ǰ˾ֻ֪ߵغķӵһɫĻǳ׼Ǻˡǧټץסỹɫ
Ȼûκλᣬ֮δԳй
ҿý㡣ôһ仰ƾĸԸңȻڵ֪ҵĳӴͽû˵
ĽʵһھͿ޳
Ժȥ̨񡣡ֻ˰ο
Сô壬һѳ˵ûùĽ𵤼ɽ̫黳ӿȵƽʹӦ򾡿ܽеҪ
ȻֻϵϾһҶϵϼҲ£ţҲ
ʵЩ棬Ϊʲôᵱѣĳһʵ
ԵɡԲԲųЦݡ
ôԵȥ˵㳤ÿ
ԭԵҲô
Ҳͦÿġֹһ䡣
ΪʧԵʣǳϸع۲Լĳ࣬ĶŵĹټС㣬µüƴճһĴУȻӺʹһ߶մϣ˵ʱƭƭ˻Եġ
Ҿ˾Ҳǫһ¡
Ȼ˵㣬ȷ
ûҸÿأƺܲмһˡ
Ƶĸж磬˵гһӣ˫޵˿ڳһȦ˸ԸΪ¯ӱģ̫˫޺¯ʲôǲ̫ٸʵ׵£ô崿
иĸ磬˾Ҳˡ
ǲǡͻȻ뵽ʲôӵĻ񣿡
ӦûģɶĳȴϤ־侫裬ǵ;˵ģôһ£û뵽ˡ
û˵𣿡һطʣ˳հݷһʱ̨壬˳һ棬ȥƾһǰȥ˳ʱҼһΡ
˵Լûȥɣӣ̲סʼ˼һ⡪ƶԳĽԭУòռ˼ɡ
ȷǺأһ仹ڵĻӦǰɰɡ
ҼŮӡ
ƻੲݣ˼ȴƮ˱𴦡
뵽̶дԼĵӰҵĽبŲ䡣
ڵӣɫһһףԵɫȴĳƵϢ
˳ȾʲôûУַ·һС
Լʱ䣬󲿷ŵӲһ徻ɾ䣬ż׹գڷܵĵոһϰ󾫽ӱ
崫ڵգȭƱУǱʮ߰߳ɵĶǽʵʲôڵĴ
һԿɵǷ󷨣һҲǽרֱؼ̳һé®Խ̨֣ԵĽ޸ʰ·磬ǧǰֽ̣δӮĽһڷǽ֮ΪԺա
ΪԵʣϰ˱ǰҪɡ
öƵĻ˵һ뵽ҲѧͬĽУ̲סҪ߰˰ٱ顣
ԴΪȻ˵ʲôԵɣԽȤܹǿ«Ȼ׺ʸҲˣûʱ䳡ĦʱֶôȦ²ȰԼˡײ˽֮ĸп
˿ûһʧŮеĽŸС
ʱҲɻΪʲôԼѵӦ񻰱Ů¶ĻһŰֽ
ȴĮǣͻﰵЦ˻£ֺʲôϣܿͻὫЩԺ
ôҲ벻͸ԾͲˣҲǷڼΪӡ
䳡ļɹʼΪ¿ʱ纣¥ȴ˺Ϣȷ˵
ŵӿѧĲֹɻͽҽ󷨡ұȵʵѧ֮ĳСҽƳĻֱȥ򣬺͹֮ȣûʲôԺеӻ׶ξͿʼЩ
Щ嶼ûȥһȥҲˡ
纣¥Ѻȥ˺壬ѾһٶûڵҪѧЩˣǾȡ
ѧʲôЩȷʡ
СЦеش
һ뺻ȥ
ŵȨ鿴Ķ˵ʮοѾܾû֪ôǿĵˣŮǰ;ض
ȷʵ纣¥ԣЩų̶ȵĶڶʱԶûдһȭİôҲѹʽ򣬱ϾŵӵĻһε
ѣ϶ͨʵΣϾɼԽԽױУһ˵ֱӱΪ״״ͷ״ǵӣͬն
ȴ᲻еľ޴ջҪǧ齣лͷأɵСɫ˵ƺȤҪġ
һʼǱŴʱ̬ȥѧϰݣͨһȴ󷨲ôȤ
һһаԣˣĪ⣬ֹ޾
ʹĿǰӴֻǳԭ㳢ԣִ˲ƣִڰ׼ӣĥţܴһ졣
ڷ纣¥ʱͱȥʯҲĲʱԺڰӲΧ֣֮纣¥ڲ֮СɣҲںд裬ܿͷƺԴų˵츳ƺؾڴ˵
ͨҾȥʦһͽܡ
ĳһ죬˶ʱĵ˵
ʦүµĻɽаӻ˺꣬ԺûгڶڲģάɷһȴҲֻʦүµķ«˼꣬ı仯ԭί֪һ
һ
ȣͽ⿴еı֣ҪԵ
ôʲôܳԵ˿ɡ
˵ֱܰЩ£档
ĿǰһҪ߷塭纣¥ҲƽǲǰѺĻ߷磬һһ
ֱǷҩ𣬳ͳȫŵĴη⣬ռһ壬̨ĸԼһЩԪӤΪǰͽǺܶ˶񣬶תӴ
֮޵һǰյĵϳ˵Ĳ࣬һڵǰ޹ˣ󲿷ֶֻһ״ûУһεµӾ˵Ƚ㣬м˵ķܲþҪˣڴ֮ǰ²ȥԴ˴бӱΪ״Ŀܴܺ
˵ô޷밵ʾŬץסᣬȴֻץһص㡣
Сʦ岻ͽ뵽䳡ЩûûҹͬţֻЦˡ
СʦδʦʱŲͽ
ھôˮأҲȷûʲôͽܣָһϴһѹ˴꣬Ҳ֪Էôˡ
˵ڻʯ̨ϴأĬԵˣôҲǻͽܵӡ
ֻһ̣עɵ˱𴦣Це̫ʦ岮أ
˵֪ﳤ֮ģڷ纣¥£Թ԰Ѻ仰ȥ
̫ʦǱǰͲյˡ纣¥ͣһ£ּһ䣬Сʦ塣
Ϊǽ֮壿纣¥˵ͷʵ֮ʲôرʺϰ𣿡
սѸ٣أϣԷպֻܴһλ޵ôƿնȥ붴ڵĶ֮࣬Ľһħ֮ţѸΪֲӡ
ʺܺ
ǣûйȷأ˵ǧҲһⳤϲŻƸСʦΪ״
ûйȷأǧ궼һΪⳤϻ֪Сʦǽ֮壿
⡭纣¥һαסˡ
򲻹츳ıҲһһģΪ״ʮеٮٮߣбʵƿԵʱ򣬶Ѿˡ
˰ˣҲ޹ء˻֣ӡ
ȥ֮ת˲
ǰȶ˾һ꣬ͬһŵĵʮλǵʮ߸ϲ㣬ࡣŵһͶֻ㣬ȴԽԽҪΪ󲿷ʱ䶼ķط䡢ѧһ㡣
֮ʣɷµؿһЩЩǵͽ׵ģܵʯľˣͬſе㲻Ծͽ׵ķս΢΢ȥɭջεӾ˺ˣΪյʯ
Ҳ磬ֻЦ۵׾Ǳ
ǰһ鴢еƷȻƼ˾ǰгɽǰ˻Σ¶ζʮЦ
Σһǵһġ
˾۵׵Цøˣװģļ򣬺˼䡣
ԴŰ궼ûҵѵ˾ˣתһеרעలµգǰһʹ
ȴǵãǵ


7 
Ϊ죬Ҫ󴩹Ƭɭ֣һɽڣ˾ֱ̫ҹ㳡Ⱥš
δܴɭּΪʧܣֻܻꡣ
ûڵӵ뵣ͨʵ⡣
ɭֻҪһ죬;лᾭܶصϰпɽɽˣƻɭֵˣȻԼƲˣⲻȻݲݵߴζȥڻ߰Ϫˮݼʱ
һ㣬
ƺܽʼ֮ǰҪҪһ
ˣ͡
һгˡ
ûЩʲôġƻе㲻ģ֪Ľͷܸܶ㶨һܺиӦ
ϾһʣֵѣЩһһô붼ǲףǳףȻǾܾ
зִ磬ãϪˮߣҲˡ
Ϫˮʯ··ΪȫֻƵֱ࣬Ҫ໨һʱ䡣
ˣƱ㲻ǿֻСġ
һԪӤ̫ҹ㳡δıͽԴ
£ڵĦȭƣһչͼںȼɭԵĻ裬ʾʼһȳеĲĿǰΪߵ˾Ͷƣ
ֻһ磬ΪһӰգ۾ʧԺѡ·һĿȻֱС
˾ƣ󲿷Ϊֻ˵˵ȴ׷׾˵ģ˾
˾뿪һ˲׷ȥĸôǷƳ档ע⵽ȥķԼԭ֮·ص󣬱㶢ıӰ׷šѹˣһҪӱΪͶƲ£ʤһԿ־ڱصãƸҪԷÿ
ͽ׵ļάֲ˶ãԼĪ׷˰գǰϮٶ
һ·ͨ裬ûκҰ޾֣Щ֣ۿѽߣ˲ϿЩһתг
ƿգһ׹⳯ŮȥֵŻҼлҪôӲһУҪôֻܺˣȱһЩĺԴ
ԼЦ⣬һ˲ЦȴˣΪӭ׹⳯
֪ΪΣ˴׹⣬ţһֽžһĵ˾ֱϣֱ۶ʱסֽ֮ܶϣ֫˶ס
ܿ׹ʲôάһӲġ
׷ϣͽ׽϶ó
˭˵ҪӡЦŻصϲͣЪʮһ˸ߵķʯԴзɳΧԲֱˡʮʮ飬˾ġ
ЩֻͨʯͷȻȴע⡣
֮ӡ䣬ʮ鷽ʯ϶ʯ죬ϰܶΣ˰յ蹦ͲúһС
һ̣˾ŭ֮£־ǷʯϽȴ˻
ʲôʧɫסͼԷʯ϶ȥ֮ͷֱεϵסȫ޷ǰһϵĻһ֣ʲô
ϯضɳ滭ͼһϸϸͼȥûķʯ֮С
֮һڰӻͳð̵Ľ󣬸ոǸ׻ͽ׵Ĺ治ãһξͱˡѴ󹦸ɣԷʯ϶пɫ˾˸ĳֶɣƵ
˻ΪΣʦ֣ϲˣ·΢˵ֽţ·ʦΪ
ͽ׵ķ֮ݱżȻͨıעĴıλ˺ܶβųɹ·˳Ըıʯλ֣֮˾ƫķĲ˾һҪ׷ԿĲǺϸ׾ͱŪˡ
һ˾ش˷ʯʯͷ˿ŵܣͽ󷨺ͷάֲôá
ѽʦû𣿡ָָɳסĲֹǷҵ
һһʦֽеȣ˾£ǻϽͣŪ֮ŨһֱСĽɹס˾ǲŹ侮ʯĻᡣŶԷＤñף泩
ʯͷֻǸΪȻ˾󷨼ӳ£סɳǾѵΪ˷
˾㶣ͻȻЦסңô粽룬ҵʱʶЩɣ
ƶ򲻻Ϊסɹ̬
ά󷨵ȷȻ࣬Ҳǳ֮ơյüνĶŵ΢Цʦɡ
ʲ㲻ǿҪõһ𣿡
˵ģʦĪ档Цţ̸ֻ˵һ㣬һ鷲˵ӣܵŵȥɨأˡ
˾ڶˣǺԼǰ;ҲҪ޷ԸԳ
㡢Ϊʲôû뺦ʱûߡ״εҲǰֻ߰ܵĹ
Ҳû뺦ʦ㶼᲻ء
Ц
ɭн磬޷֪ΪľǶž˽ףȻ鷳Ҳζŷ˴
һ˾ңΪȣֻƾڲ
ӡ૵Ӳ
̨£һذףʯ̨ϡ
ɽɢ䣬Щȹڣ¼ת˲ŵˮۣȹڣʼ˳Ⱦ
ˮӣϸϸȴ֦Ҷ΢иO@裬˦βˮľʱʱֵĳǳǳĸҥ
ɳȴʲôûУûٲҲûϸ΢죬ʲôûУٲ֮£֮С
е֦֪˶ãȴԭֹˮĺһ˿
꣬ڴɽ꣬ȴδкչ֮ǽסĳ֮ڣþ취޷ǰһӦƿˡ
ͽ룬и򣿡ϵ麣ʵƽȴԼԼ͸ɱ֮⣬ʦǸаħʤĵһء
ǧﴫ볤뽻̸
ޡʵԸ棬ƿ
سĬ˺ܾãƺ˼ʲôãոյӣҲȥѡһɡ
δʦ
ɻǵΪʦ㣬ȥһӣҵĥա
ǵغؾͽԲŻǰ˳һУǴγԣȴ;˳־һ⣬ȥûʲôͬ޸򣬼Ͻ£㲻ɽ
ʱͻȻ뵽˵ΪȵŮǰһ棬Է˼佣һʦ̸֮۽

ǲ̫ʦ⣬Ȼ˷Ըǣһֱ
̫ҹ㳡ԭеĵطʱ񱻶סһҵķӦ˵һ£ǸڵȺһӶԼͬĿĨ˰׵Ӱϡ
ȷӦݣЦݿӭʦãòչĪҲҪͽ
֪δʦ˻ǻһաΪƽΨһ볤˵ϼ仰ġ
з۵ŮӤʱʵܻϲ˵Ϳʼĥøλʦ׼ʲôֻû쳤ͱشȥ̨壬˽˶룬Ҳڳᵤһμ
ϲǿңҲôʱĺ޽ɢⳤ볤ص²вȻǸһҪƫ̻ĵӣһֻ۱һֻۣԹΣ
ǫ֮̈Ǳ޳һһ˹ʣʹ곤ǧ´󹦣ͬҲֻǶ˼־⣬׽
һڣڻһЩҲΪսĵڴۼӵлˡ
ǳӣ
㿴ǿɰ룬׼û
˭һѣҪվסˡ
˷ľ̾ݶУɵøЦע⵽վǰ棬һԲŮǸҵСŮ۽Ƕˡ
Сʦá˸пžĴ𰸡
ǣƿʦԸѡһӣΪ֮ȫûע⵽Ǳߵɧ̹ȻǺ죬ȴҲԴڳ˶С
Ȼ㳡˲ը˹С
ȻⳤϵķԸҲ÷ԣʣ֪ʦÿѡ
ضûеģݸҿ϶Сʦ֮ǰ¶һ߸˴һ˼øƼЩˡ
Ȼǲеģʦʦÿ۰Ͱ͵˱ͽܺöꡣҴӳ뻰˼յΪͻƿⱾʦ֮£ӶܿС
ҲУǲⳤӣСʦ츳ˣʲĹ˶û
˼ȥݴƼӹʳ۰Ӱ춼ˡ
ʱ򣬳Ҳ˼Ҫĵӣıݼ򵥶ˣΪʦǰжΪ򣬿˵Խϰһ֪ʦҲûнҪĵӣǺܿö⣬ʵ𣿡
δʱ쵽ˡݻû˵꣬Ͳɭֳڴһ΢΢һЦˡ
䣬ɫӰɽǳ֣һǰһ̫ҹ㳡
ͬʱľ
ʦ֣մΪͽҲһִָ㳡ǵӰƽ˵


8 
ЩǱ·մ˲೾ͷҲЩңȴЦô⣬ײĺһ㡣
ʵϵȷˣɹ˵һ֮𣬿ɲĺ˾Ŀధָ컮ٲð
˾һɰ˵ɰһʧܵĿ־£֮֮飬Щ
㣬һֱЦеģȴ֪˾һᷭѣʱ䣬ڻʣͽʱӷǰˡ
˾һһʱ˵·ķʯΪһ㷢˷Ƶڳ壬һ·ն֮ɱһ·ɽŵöԶ
ϵûԶǲڲԶɱķ·ʱ͵͵棬һ·ͨ裬ֱɭֲżӿٶȡ
˾ͻȻֵ򣬲֪Լֱһɫ֪жѿȻ˼ֻǿסƢ
ȥ̫ҹ㳡·ϣһֱڻζ˾һһɫûע㳡ϵĶһҲûʲôġ
ƺЩԾʱǷѴ˶С
ţЩ޲ûΪнԼЦЩҲסˣãȻɨܣĿһֻ䶨
ǳӵָ֣Լ
ʲôˣΪôʲô
һӦе±ˣɺܿƷ²⣬㱻ҲǱǸ̨嶼ûεĳӷ
֪֮ʲôɣ
˼֮£һͷˮؿǰĶơ
ֿѰҷ˺£
ƻһǳѺõƣĴС˵ƿ˵൱ֱˡ
ӣѸջߣһǿҵĸо˿̷ʵĻܻܿٲľء
һƳͿٰȭͷĿˣЩԴŷǵ𻨣̫ˣװڴ֮ǰص˾һۣȻѾ޷ѿݵɫȷӦ֪ʲôҶ˵϶ʲô¡
˵ʹ༴ҵĿ֣򵱼ǳ¶һ֮ǰΪõЦݣŴһƾõĹ
Ĳǵղ˸ο񣬷
ûȥǼá
ݿһȦ˷ԣ̴ӦͰʦõ˼
ڼ纣¥üζ˵ʲôסˡСʦΪȣȻǸⳤɲġ
ǸĵӵȷǺʵѡȻһλȴھͳɹģֲμ⣬ȴҲǺܲȲλʦʦǵѡֲⳤӡ
һڣ㳡˸š
δŰ㣬ЩԼϵӶ첽򼴽ΪԼӵȥŷ־ǸŮˣ˵δ̫ɺϣȴδ룬ߵԷǰվڵﵹӳԷƲһ۵Ĵ
Ը£
֪طӦΪЩͬһôɷ
ԭǳҪΪͽжҲ֪߼ռ߳ĳĽ߻ŭ֪
ϸ޳üЩΪѡ
Ȼ֮ǰ˵ȥɨض޷ʵдģ纣¥Ĺϵפһ壬״ָϣֻҪһԺȻлѧϰ󷨣ĿǰҲֻǸ΢һȤȴû뵽ӻͻȻɱϧԣίʵûʲô
˵Сʦδʦͽô纣¥ƭӡ
аԹȴӣԼΪѣ֪Ϊе᲻áĶˣȻȤȻӵĿĮ⣬ɿΧ˼ҪǿĽԼ˾ģò˵ãƮȻɡ
ϵµڱҵΪβ㣿
״𣿡գգʵһ˲һƬ
һﻹּۻۣӵ״ΰɣ
еķʵ廯Ȼ̱ӵĻشɷĩɢ
ԡ
Ǹӵмǧ츳İ½ޣҲûʹӦˡ
ãԸ¡
Ц͸ɣüҶƹЦ⡣
ĿͳЯյСͽ뿪һʯ䶨
ȻСʦõ⣬ǽ͸ֵǺúѡͽˡ
תЦз纣¥ͽϴ˵Ǹʦģ
纣¥Ŀɿڴųȥķ򣬴ݵڶ鷢ʣſɥ˵ʦǱСʦǸ
Ϊ˱ƫ̻֮ӣǰֻʦôһʦãȴûн֣ڳӶˡ
ó󷨣ȴ͸ȥСʦͽܣЦ
ʲô
ݵЦݽסˣһʱ֪ϧԼһ˸ӣǸĸ˸ϽĵӻⳤϵĲ߶аɡ
ľѳۣΪһֻ֮ܳðοԼСʦûᣬԺռܼ̳²ĵӣλó󷨵ĵӣ˿ԸЩָ
νָֻרģʲôѧ
ͨӰ󣬻ŵʦʦǰס뺸棬ŵӷԼ߽׵Ʒš
̨ȴ⣬ֻгһˣ̵СͯûС
һʼھ޴ĳɾ͸δ뵽һ㡣
뿪̫ҹ㳡ʱҪһ̡˿ֱ޳ܵ죬ȻûзԡһͬŶŭȼ˿ǰĸ߶ȣҲĵֻⷭŸ˽׵Ժ󡣴侲ʱϡͿųһ̨塣
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ǰɽĽԼĪ̫ԷҲʡȥάĹ
ֱӽ˺ɽס
һƵĸ¥ǰɽĽɫ£ӦרŽ˸סģһر̲Զ̨ۣ¿ɼƺ
ΧСԺмʯһѩɣ֮⣬һǰС֡
ݣȴ֣Ҳ²
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ֻǰŮһԲ˼ͺ﹩ŮһȻַ
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δ뺣֮£ʦѰһʣ
˵ԼȥתһԼݣֱȥʦǴԽˣǻͷһתȫƸ˳룬˵ʦǸȥ˽һΪʦ߸Щʲô
Ӷġ
Ҳãڴ˵Ⱥ򡣡
˵ճ뿪ˣֻüƳһӰ֮տյɽͷֻʣһˣչңȴĪеһɺ⡣
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Сͨĸ¥ԼĪ㣬֮⣬ϻһСݣһ㣬Ǹ¥Գּª
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δһ濴ңǶ٣һһΣͷûУӲȴԵÿտյġ
ѵʵǳסĵط
Ѱ˼ﻹûϰ߳ƶԷΪʦ
λûʲô⣬Ϸ羰ãҲס⣬̫տ˾סӡ˵޵֮ĹδҲ̫ˡ
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ҲסֻڷˣһȽϺĽͣűȥĸ¥
漴ľɵþһ
۶ǽ¥Ϊֲ㣬ǽֱͨݶÿһǽ϶˽ǧѣΪɱôۼһǽͻɲСˡѰղؽеģЩǽг⣬ֵ̬֮ʱЩƷ಻ףƫƫ޹⣬ͭƵġ
һѣֻмԴëϷȻһ˿ɶޣǽָϣܵ˿塣
Ѿ
˻ǰѣֻٻľĵǸѾˣû뵽סĵط֣һѱƫƫͭҲ֪ʲôá
߰ͷ˷ţٿЩ˳ȥصϵľ
һȷˣ̾һ
ӵȷǳӵҡ
Ҹסģ
ſտյɽͷѵóãȻ֮ɫǾԹԻСȳ
û뵽һȾ¡


9 
ԪӤΪһӾͿαƸɽϣ䰵ɰת
뻹ûл
̫ߴʱгɽԴһԾֱȥ
һ˵⣻ˡ
֮Ѿܹ첻ʳ죬죬ǰһ쿪ʼδ쵽ˡ
Ҳ֪ȥܻܲ쵽ԣܣȥҷ纣¥Ѱ˼Ÿȥ±ϷɽȻ٣ͣ
עɽһôҲ޷ǰһ硣
ǰһεϣסȥ·
һƳԼ̨벻Ľ紦ͻȻֳһõͷ
˸ȴˣɵ̨Եʱͱסײ˺üζá
ǲõͷ档
ⳤµĽ磬赲ߣֹܷ˳ȥ˳Ķǹ˳ʱֻһˣȴǳȥˡ
в𣡡ýˣ̲ס˳˿ûԼ̫ʦԾ
ٽĵطת˺һӣûз˾ֻϵùת֮ǰҩ
ЩҰôǽ˼ŵǹɻȴԽԽת˼Ȧ֮ǰʯ̨һ°ʹǰٲ
ٲ֮ԴΪɽɽȪۺֳƣݱϵСҲԴͷ֮һ
ɽͷûлѩҲǺܶ࣬Ҳ֪Ǻġ
һѰ˼һóٲȻؽ߾ȫӳһ
ֻһٲʯ϶һĻۣ˶ѡ
ôһĿȻĲడӣͻȻԼһ붪ġ
ϴε̸ȻֻԪӤΪڽһԼĪѺسƽСн֮ӳ֣⣬εһˡ
ĵһޣͽ͸״ӣ뵽Ժֵܻľ棬ЦЦֻһ㲻ƽԼе֮һ
ûʯ̨ãٲ̫ʪʪģȻԿ·չ鲻˵Ĵ
صСɵϢʱٵԵʣ̨࣬صѡص㡣
ۣɫѾ뻹ûʼ˼Ժô
Щĳǲǰ;Ȼ˸ɽͱչˡ
֮˵ԵȻҪץסʲôʱص㡣
ܳһʱҪһ˹ˡ
纣¥˵ΪԽչʱԽأϵĶǼ꣬ºߣѾչһٶˣһ㶯ûСԪӤڵҪôá̫þֱӺľԪˣڵ˵ҲǺˡ
򲢲Ļᱻ⣬һ֮ҪͳƵģ£꣬Σڴ֮ǰҪκúûȥ
ɲԼҰ˽Ե¶ͷ糬ףȴǸ᲻¿ڸ֮
УҲҪһ¡
סĵطôӶ𽨣ҸɽͺˣΪɽҪν겻塣
ڿԺʳסУʱʱⳤϣѳҲˡ
֪ʦףû뵽ܲ׳
ЩǱĽҪϼӡ
ΨһľǴǼ˺ͳˡ
˱˾һºδһ䵽һֻҰ伢³㽫Щ˴ңҲռطԺɽֵҲڿԼ
ö⣬ڶһæµ
һͼ򵥣סȴ鷳Ϊߣֻһһ㡣ÿʱʱ䶼ס
쿳ЩӣЩשʯѺܶ๦һʯ
æµҲġ
Ȼһ㶼ûġ
ʱԺѾȫ˸ǰַǳۣҪΪԼطˡﶼ⣬СסĵطȻбֻһƳͽ仯С
֮ǰһطƲԭˡ
СݱһţϽһԣݲݿʢһˮӺԺеĳҶڳҡţβںҶеɹ̫رһƬС֣ԭԺеӱƵǰһʯʯΡ
ʯϣ϶һһ̸㣬һ꣬һֻӵĶ߶߶˵ʲô
Сӣ˲ܵĻҾͲˡ
˵ƳſϮ£ӷһߣüëһЩѻЦ
ԭǵ˰˵ĻҲðŻӡ
ʵͦ⣬ȻЩ¶ǵһɣʲôӦ֣Բľ޽ݶʮ˳ҰëƤƵ̺ɽ³ƷĻƯ
ƺֹһΰԼ죬ⲻ䳤룬Լ²ܲʵˣȻŭӵ
ǳ뻹ƫƫڹۻ
ٺһУģԼ˵һٷûüһڣͼſڣҪɶԷǲ˵ġ
봹˼תһȦ֪ӦԡǼǵﻹ˵ģ뿪Уȴȷǲǵ˵ġ׷µȷȡ뺺ȥʦһˡ
⣬ȴʱ׽֮ʱھжȹս·ӽȻ֪ͬԼ·޷򣬲Żרȥѯʦν̵ӡ
ȴֻ˵̵УҪԼû˵˱һСãջǰ뿪ʱŷѹ֮á
˵Ĵ֪࣬ʦƬ̣ʵ֮ǰǲǵõģڼǵˡ
Цˡ
һ˵˵һܲ䣬˳Ļֻƿԡʲô֮ǰǵڼǵˣô˵
֮ͼ߹Դһ뺺ŵ·ʦ˵״񡣡˵ǰϣֵȥǵ㡣
ֱȥģǿԷû꣬˿ڡ
һ㶣룺⻰ô֮ǰºôҹһУɲСǿڵոҲǲǵá
뿴һۣšһ
һȻʼȳԼ˵ʲôϳֻԭͣһ֮תȥˣһӣѿڶ֣վס
һеڣôҲδʦһŭô졣
˽ý߳ѧһ㶼һһӡӡ
û뵽뵱վסˣתûʲô飬ƺڵ˵
ôô֣üȻǰǴμ棬۾һĵԭˡ
ʱͳ̸һ䣬ԷŴһ䡣˵Է͵ǲڡ
޵²ǻ˵ֹţһ˲ĵѸٱ׵Ժ֮ǰŭת˲ҲʧζȻ
ֻЦһӷɵؿαʵʦô
ݸԼˣδаʦһʦֵ
һûǰŲ
ŶӿǷˣ￩һòײŽСԺӷһ£ɲ뱻Ӳš
ǡ
ŶӣûȫӦ˵ķʽ˵ǲȥ̽Ѱص˼
ô˵ǰʾô֮⣬ɳʾľ˼ˡ˵ҲǡѣʲôмΪҪȥѾߵſˣûҪۻ
˵˼֮ǰĻҪ˼ЦЦһֶһ꣬ŰʦÑѰֲ赭֮Ӳⷬౡ⣿
룬ԼĪǾⷬеӦˡ
һܽһɽ⼦һҰˣʳǿ龥⣬ɫϲˣζ˱ǣصʩ˵㷨¡
Ϊ˱ʾ𾴣ҨһݹȥŶӡ
Ƹɽ棬ѰʳҲرһֻν֮Īڴˣٿ룬ֻһɽ⼦мһȥ
ȴǿ鼦ǣΪ˳㣬ʱȡֻΪζŽͷһˡ
һ¡סס֮˶ֵֹģЩһƫãʵϲԹͷ
ȴϲһ㶼ǼſͷҪ͵ˡ
ѵǲ֪ԼеʲôȻЩͷۣ˵ǿ鼦ǵܳԡ
š㽫ǿ鼦Ƿˡ
ӣȻ̾ĳ嶯ٻ볤ԷӣƬ̾Ͳжߡ
տеӲǺӣҲֱӶȣûӣס
˵Ҳ֣ԳݣԵЩˡ
뵽ԷͿʼӣط֮ǰҲûгʣӺٹȣ
ӦٶǰˡҲǵȷʱգӱռˣ紺ض֪
Լ³˸ʷ

ٹ֮ǰһʲôΪʳ
ʦÿ»
һһ𣬳һֱһƽɤȴеסˡ
żĺӾ͸йӣôֱӽɽ֮
һ²ŰͯתһԼôܳȷȲˣӦⳤϵ˼
ɵöԳͬ飬ôãûηˣֲÿӶ֪ЩĽ֪θ롣
ֻɣֱǻĹӡ
֮ɽ˾ɡѩԼӡʳȣ¶κĺ֮⡣ʹﲻݶ졣
ϹʱĴ˵򲻼ǵ￴ļˣʱ仹뿿ɣ쳾
ȴ쳾ʮȤ
ԼֲʺɰɣȻô룬һʱסĩȴһЦ֮һֺα̫ࡣ
˼룬δʦζֻҲãԺնһ񣬻
óһСӣһ鼦УȻݵǰ
̫Ӳˣζǲɡ
ڵ䶨Ƭ̺ٶִӡ
״ۣЦá
лҪ˵ʦ.girlֻëɽûնװ̵ģX


10 
һٷ˺ܾãһ߰ﳤ벼ˣһߺ˵Щʳص¡
ϪСС̶࣬ȴҰɽǳеľ೤¹ǰھһζŨ˶ݩдŴˬ
ܳﲻܳԶ˵úϸ
Ҳ֪ȥûУȫֻһ߶߶˵ͣûйȥĲˣʲôʲô̲סǼ˹ͷȥԷԻŽ
Ŭſסݳ嶯֮ԼֳһЩ˰ǶһԼһԵøɸɾʰ꣬㽫ǰˡ
һµ뺣ŵӷװݸ󷨷뺣ʮƿƷҩһöʯ
ЦоΪŵӺһӺࡣ
ȥ״񣬾ʮиõĸߴȳɵþһ
Ǵ˽ӲĽʱһܴǿǿȣǱȫԳΪϣıǼ᲻ɴݵֻǹڰͨʿֻ֮ܽΪϡһ־͸ʮߴȵģܴѽǴֱˡ
ǲҲֻصףתһ̨ҲֻˣŹҲڴУİˡ
֮û˷ʱ䣬뿪·泤ȥﱻ裬Ѿδ˳֣ټĹԵޱȡ
һ˵ĵ˰ʦ󣬱ŵһӡȻиֳһǽڡƳһۣ֣ʵЩʲô
̨״һ˵ŽӡԼ·
֮һϸ߸ֳ˵
ע⵽Ϸأϸǰ滹֡
褣⣬𡣡Щ˭ʦ
ǡ
˵ڳǰ̨һֻһˣʣأ
Ƕˡ뵭
ֲ̨ô壬̾ʦֶʯմߣֻгһһȥԵøر
Ӧɣĵʳ룬߾סˡ
Ҳ֪
ʱҹ뽻һЩˣĲͿʼǸ¥£ԭȳһû뵽Է˲һֱϵڣûֱԼ֮
ûãҾͰǸ¥򽣣ֱԪӤųء
ҿЩǷްʣΪΣʵֹĪǵĽԹŪ
ԭЩԳɽҳ֮ʱͱˡ
ԭǱˣ֪þȻǸϧһû˵ͻԼˡ
ûţ˷˯Ǵɡ
䡰ȥϢˡ֮Ŀ׻ûУԼܱ˵ûʦԼ֡ҲעЩǵ˱ԼܾﲻԾĩ˾ȥ綪Ժֻץ䱧Թһͨʦ̫ĮŻطϢ
ˣΪ״ӿʼˡ
֮ǰŵʱȣҪ࣬һɽͷɹΪΪ赣ѰʺɵĵطҲ赣˾İ㣬赣ʯҩ⡣
֪Ǵ󷽻ǶЩûһž֮󼸺ҲӦ
ָһ׵󷨲벻ҩȵȵĸȱʮöʯҳ裬ֱӸһǧöвٲϣ㹻õĩˡֹһǷɽҪҪвãָһѣɫ֮ǰĻá
㲻ôණżҲɻ
һαﲻסˣʦôôʯҩ
ʦλʦһ䡣
綼Ұɡ
ӣѿڶĻ˻ȥ
ûôôоѾĳ̶ˣڲԼʦǲǸⳤϵ˽Ůˡ
ȻҲͲһ£̬µʦ˭᲻أ
ȥЩҰζ̳һ٣һݡÿ춼ҪĻ
ÿĸʱ衣
ΣΨжĸʱոպá˵⻰ʱҲǵģʹǰӦʱһ޶һ㶼ǿȵĸоƫƫ͸¶һɲ๵
Ȼ˳¡ǲԸģûκֻܾÿһȥյرȻС
Ȼÿ춼ĸʱһ¹ȥûа㳤ŵ¶һѾҪ˵ˡ
ƽʱֻ˽ʹ͸¶Эĥǲ⣬Ҳ͵͵˵ǹ֮Թһ⣬ƺڱϺ츳
ðѽϹ˦ѽҶԷϡ
ίԼϿû֮Ļȴƻһ䣺ʦ˵ܲ׾
Ҳ֪ԼСʦû飬ЩԸˡ
ޱЩʽһܼס«ܰưڵķֺȴʼ޷νʲô
żȥĦϰ˵ϼ䡰ԡߡԡ
粻ͬķ羰ҲȻͬ޷׳ν˽һҲ޷ΪʲôеĽֶĸо
ֱһ죬ǳ˵̫εġԡͻȻˡ
ǳͽܣ˵ֻгķݣǴ󲻾ֻǰԹˣÿ챻ͺǿûʲôջ񣬴ѵʱƶι˹˯Ƣһʲôˡ
ѽһ壬˫ֽǰ°΢̧ȴȴѹǳ
ʦʾһ°Ѽüëǡܶϳڵ
Ҳáûǰ¶˿ŭǻγ˵ϵĽá
ûκŪζǶ
һڵŽӯ䣬سһ壬ǳʵãܶӼ㵽˽ڣȻСʱ䳡ʾΣһһʽ缲磬˵ˮ©ѽ׽ľ跢ӵ¡
ʱûкģҲͼס鶯ѡɵеĽȻԼʱϹ˲ŻúĽ
ĶǺܿ죬ƺΪ򿴵øֻÿһȻɡֿ̻쾡¡ʽһǳɣ಻磬ƣˮ֮һûд߶Ž֮ϤǣɢԺӵȻ
ŽҲǽǣ֮·һģĶѣȻɣͬĲľɳʯͷȾϳ׵ζ
ǰʶ֦նʯʯ֮ҲʲôпҲǶԷΪ뽫򵥵ŽһܵԷڽϵľʵ
ν֮ô
뵽ǸʣǷͬء
ֱǰѽݻǰŻع
𣿡
ţܺÿʹðôһ䣬ûʲôӦӣӻؽ£֮⽣Լⶼ˼֣ɵóʹ̾һʦҾЩ಻ǹ⿿ŬͿֲġ
γԣ
ͬǽľڱʦȴ˵ɷµָָͷʦ˽βѡ츳ĵӣ
֮ǰĿĿȴǿˣⱲܽ·ӵһˮƽųûҪÿ̫ˡ
ͽһʦ˼
ȥΪλѡӵҲһ˵ˣǰͽվ˵û˳˵˳
ΪѡͽΪԼУûᵢֵѡǸ
ʦ˵ĩĵͨᵤںδ𡣡
ˤˣǶųˤ
մմϲ˺ܾãû뵽ȻΪӹ֮ʣ˻ö֮ѡᵤ˵ˡ
֪֪ʲô˵Ӱ
е㲻ףͽΪͻƿαضÿĸʱĹأ𲻾Ϳˡ
ΪλҪ
Ϊʦ
иɻĻش˳ǣѵһѽˤϡ
ϼȥȴ˽סһһԴεļƣɹһӣȳסĻٲһĶܱȵġ
ֻĥӲͳּۻۡ
ڽް֣ʱҲ˷ѡ
ʦȻּӽʵûʲôӰ졣
ѧϰҲҪܶʱ䣬ÿ꽣Ͳʣˡ
ʱòá
ãʱӦˡ
ԭΪҪڶЩ࣬û뵽ôʹӦˣ㶣ڨڨһЦ
֪˵һʱˡ
һ⣺ңӦܽᵤɣ
ȻһôԺһŶۡ
š
ˣȻһתͿʼĥ
ÿʱ£˵󷨵Ĳ򣬱˵ȥ༸һȦ˵ʦһ֮
ⳡССĽץ˺ҪϢ
ν벻֪⣬ȴǶġ
ȻʦҪͽͰһѡ
ҲʲôģֻǾбҪһÿ춼ֻ
ʦ󣬳ҲûкһԹǼ˾˵ԼʳǰŪһµ̣ҳҲһھܾ˵Ĵǿġԡˡ
żʦָʱھɽﲻ֪ʲôطʱü춼һ£һ˲ͻữΪɢȥĸо
֪ͽĿĺһжˡ
нͣϰʮ꿪ʼΪĥսߣдĽ۷һ֮ʱսҲ޷ʹԼĽһʦ֪ʲô
֪
ĽһС⣬ÿɫдˣ̼κηֱ𣬸չ
뾲ţ֪»ûн
ʮٴ˽Ȼ̥ǡЦŸ֣ڽдϿĹ£ʦ֪˵Щʲô˼𣿡
ڵ֮ɫһµ⣬еĽƣʮ˾硣
˼ǡҪȥ⣿̫˼ʹЩɡ
ۡεЦ˵ǷЦ˺һ΢ۿڣлЩֹסЦµǽͿΪδӴо׳ҵ˼ǣʦǰһ򽣣Ժ󲻷һЩͽ޹ص¡
ԭˡ
һ˵ƺϿˣ״һܹȥ̱˹Цӯӯ
ԣɣʦ


11 
ʦ֣سء
ݸմӱչصʯ̤һϤɤ
ˮܽأɽЪ֮ʯȴҲΪ̫մԵԵĮ롣
Īǡ
һЩײʯǿᲱϻϣ̧۾ƳԶϮ¡һĬľԺŷӦյĲΪʮĻأħŶ˶ģٶȥ
ֵȷǳ뱾ʺǰ·ķ纣¥滹˸Ůǰյͽܣﻹһ̴Уӡ
СʦþȻԼ밲
ѾŰٶУԱֵȻʶ߿ȥ
³ѵͷ߳ˣ
ʦˡ纣¥е㿴ȥˣСѵƹأСʦص
ôõһŵͽܵĻҪġ
ʵ纣¥ԼҲûõȥʮǰһĨƮƮǰݷݣʱ˶һɴһ仰˵ֱ°һƣŻع
벻ûҹݣ֮ǰһΣֱ֮أһ仰Ϳżɽ˵⣬ͽһȥ磬δǹڣȴؾվſ
²Ǹٵģ
ʦݷʲô̬ȡġ
ôŵĿʦģûüϸ룬ʦڱչغǶʦͽ˳ʱ뿪ˡ
֮ųǰݷõ£һʱмλʦԹǲǷʲô˵£һǰײı顣
ϾֻҪŵĵӣ֪һȼλڳ϶ѣɰ¶¶档ͷ纣¥һĵӣ󲿷ֻڵкͳӴ󲿷е߳ûιȥˡ
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ᵱȻ޻̸֮һܴôãȫǵһµĴС󷨣⣬вǴɽŽ˶ᱻʹһĻ궼⣬ΪʱѾɽŵĿ飬ԺʡһҪһھڶԳӶǲܵġһ磬ȴҲʵ
һ磬ִһ纣¥׼û¶°Ͷı飬˳Լʦһ¡
ݽң纣¥㽫һȥ򳶵һߣЩŵʵСʦôˣǡǲ𣿡
Ųˣ˦ȥһۣʦİݷãһͬ꣬뷨ܲܲҪô
ʧˣǸ纣¥εعֵǸǲģʦÿɷңСʦΪͻȻݷ
ⲻӦе𣿡
ˣ纣¥̾һл߶ʦǾѰ»ߵȲ裬·ڳϾͲˣСʦӲͻȻı磬ധ⡣
ҵ⣬ϾͬţʦȻӲ̫ˡ˵üҵǲ⣬Ϊʦλʦˡ
⡭Ҳ纣¥˵̫ʦ⣬˵Сʦ⣬𡣡
ƿ˾뵽ҪءΪȻɫҲǸ߳ҪھЩʲôȴûκνֻһжɳԼ·Ҫ̽
ǻԵɺѡôͽܣʦ»̨쳵ɡ
ţ카һǳЦְԼһͨ
˽ʵԼĿʲôʦֻ˳ѡ
һ˵ھˮ£ΨһȤȴҪгЯǰݷãǸԼԺıЩˢ󼴿е̡
ⲻҩķ˳ųĵĲڼң㶼Щ뺸˵ЩܣԼǰȥȻ޷˳ġ
ʦã㡭纣¥¶ģֹ
ţ
ͲСʦ𣿡̲ס˵ˡ
ǼСʦأһμĵҲ࣬ǶСʦĽмӵµӣҲǱĽ֮Զ۶ѡ
ǰȺʱפȴһ˸ǰʺֻһ˽һͶеĿ⡣Ҫ纣¥˵ĻȫЩӵĸܣϾСʦǸģʹʲôҲԽη壬һıԶۼɣӽĻ̫ˡ
ȻҸ⣬뾹Ȼˣ纣¥֪һ˳ԾһЩˡ
⡭ʵ߷纣¥Сʦһ㶼ˣɻߣƳ纣¥Ǹɻӱ⣬תװͿҲʦȻԼĿɡ
һμʱʵͷ纣¥һλǾǧ֮ĸ߰ӣҪѰһЩݣǱǴǻű⣬һӽͻᱻˡݽ̸кתöԷȤֻºǰŮӣȴ˪ѩı֮⡣
ûо£ںּۻֻۣΪˣ첻µزµԼʱҪֹϼ䡣
ദ峤Ƣ
ûƢ
ʱѽˤ¶Գյ飬෣ŹˣͷҲΪΪʦȷΥŹ桪ҲӰ¼סŹݺġ
ԣ˵ʣȴ֪޲ԣӹУ̨ϵһһľֻҪ֪ʵ֪Ӳ᲻ͷ
һһͻȻʦ߰
еûһ˱ضҪǳ⼸䣬Ƣ˵𷣡û䣬ƽرһ룬Ȼϰ½̵ĽС
û¾ȥ˵һһʱӲģȻǳƪҲһֲ©˵
úܺ棬ոһձ䱾Ϊһ쳤᲻ͷܻ߳ŭջζˣ֮ʮûͳԷҲûκηӦ·ûв仯һӣܿҰοٶ˵Ļһö࣬ôһˡ
ۺ󣬳㲻տڤ룬żָ㽣Уµʱǿ֣໨磬ҩʱʱ֣мֲҵļơȻЩ¶ģһڲĶ࣬ȴ֮սԣƽʱʽҾһѻ
һʼĻᱻ̫ʦţһӼʦҲģ˺Լһ棬ֲΪ
һڳİ˳˳ˮΪ񣬿̷׭ĳɹʱ࣬˲ٽ𵤼ķԴ߶󷨣ศȻΪȴĥԶΪ󷨡̨¯ֻǳδʹóԼ׷
ĵ֪ȴҪĽúۣԹųбʦڵǽ̵㣬ǶԴ״ҲӦżһЩ䷨ֱӰӿ̷
򵹺ã˿ûԽԾӶôӳָϾȫѹ򣬲ðײá
Щûи߷纣¥ǾԼ˽صĵģֻԼ֪ĵطֻԼƷΪԼĶһ޶Ĳѡ
֪ʦô˵˵ǰĹһѷӿߣĽߺ࣬һ
ôõʦһ˵ġһɲС
ȻѡԶۣǾͼԶԶŰɡ
纣¥򴽽޵Ц⣬˸ս
ȻǻΪԼһɿ˵СʦãϾôһдܿڶԷĿԼǲǸñֵóһЩ֮󱻻飬ܿʶܳƵϹɵֻѣΪΨһ״ӣӼ˶Ҫ¶ɫΨη֮ⶼޣŵûκӿ񣬼һֺܸԼеԵʣԻͦϲСʦõģҲ֪Է׽ܻעЩ
ⲻˡ
ʦãһĵư
̨ȥʳˡ
һη״򲻶㹻㻨ڵķ˰ʯʱѾſ
Щʦʦ֪ԼСʦýʳͨӻڣһκˡ
ԴӳĽ鿪ʼº󣬾ͲپܾһͬԷ롣ҪһȥȥãִѷǳڳʳĽҲ˽˲١
ʳϲʲô˵ԣʱǷԼʦȽƫøʳ΢һ㣬ǱʹȻֻԼû
Щ˼ĵطĳˣǵ֮ġ
ԹͻطоǾ塣
˳屧̹ȴû³ɣΪ˵ᡣһЩˤˡ
˵޵֮վͨŷǿɶǷ˫纣¥黭޲ʣ֮ǰΪֻǲȤʱ֪Խ֮µһ֪
Цֻ֮ԼԼԾ֣һһ߽߳룬߶Ų֪ʦʱŵ
ɲͳѧ߶ģһͿԽԷɱƬײǶȤ˵һһٵӣ;ԼҪȺܾòС
Ȼܿͷ֣С˳룬׿֮㣬ʦͼϻۣЩδӴ£һͨ
ûþȥϵĲоˣǸϼ̣򼸺۾Ӯ仹Ӯ󣬲ǰҪúÿһˡ
ӱ֮ǰ֪Ȥ١
Ȼûˡ
ȥܼǵһһµı仯ʱ˱㽥ˡ
ɵʱļʱɼ죬ʮ죬¡
һڹУг飬ʱտѰȤ
ʱָۣǰꡣ
򽫲и߽׵󷨶͸ǿ봫ڵļ׽ȻԺŪʱϢһɵɽź
ڴ֮ǰһڰһȵŴᣬºһݱԱȶķʽѡɽѡ
Ͼ£л򣬵в³ȥҲ˲ȥȥҲ㹻ʵһɳĵӻû߼ͱ޵ˣһ޹⣬Ǿ˸Ƶ⣬ǰȥĵбμӱȶǰʮɽ
ҲûͱǰżɽΣڸȥ͸ʲôģһ泤ȥһ˳ǣǳԷ
ƽƽľȥ붼鷳
Σֵڴġ
ַޣôѪڰ
ǣ·𿴵Ѫ֮ǰš
лҪ˵Ŭ
ȻϾͿɽˣ
ʦΪʲôֱԼɽΪû뵽ҪΪһլˣŹ


12 
ɽſƸɽشƽԭ֮أҲ㲻ʲôɽ
ΪƸֻΪɽжƸơ
ɽɽ¾ɽԲժֹɽǰɽգԱ򣬼ʧɽ߽ɡ
˵ɽˣҲ˵ˣʳ˾ǡ
һɽŰһ˼ѹµҲֻЩ޻̸֮
ĸ뵽еСɽʵǧӵƺ֮ϻ̾Žһڡ
ɽʼѾ뻤ɽΧˡ
ɸĻϲߣɽǻһӣ޷ɽǰ
ڷɽϣɽŴ˸ţԾҲӲﱧһչһƬ۾ȴרעǰƮŵĿհ׻üͷ΢ʱ֣Թ뻭С
ʵǿհ׻ʶ̽ѰɷѾ˹㣬ɫһϸСʣΪ̫ˣէһԵ¡
ʲôƲŷɽ·ڰձһ۽Уչ˳ۡ
Ƥû̧˼½ǿȥ˹׼ȶ
˵дһ⣬ſƣĹӵݹȥʣҪô
ǻʲô˵ź£ƬǺǳƵĹһۣʱһۻҡ
ôԲˣ°ͼģȥСӵ۾еĿɰǻȷ¬״ӣȷΪһƵ֮СɣڣΪһнڷ纣¥
򱻳ߣ²ӰƾԼ鱻ѣһ뽫Լϳټ棬ѾǴ
ɫ˱̨µı˳Ϊӵԭίõ˼ס״͵Ľס˼̱ǰӡƻ˾ϼңǰгһҪҡԴֻ̯֣ȻٺһЦʦǳӣ𣿡
öƲˣǼ׽׵ķϷŹĽ׽سǵûиʿʩԷΪý飬ķǽѧǼ׽绢ΪżʱʩԮ֡
ɱﵣ˻һ£˵̫鷳ˣʱ֪ˣ
Сģһʮ˲μأʮΪġ죬Ƭ˹ʣµģҲ־ȥãһ߻Ҫܵó洫һʧˣڵĽ޿ڵʿƽӵĻܶսĩˡ
һ첻ʦ
ˣȶҪ㡣һĹӶƣ̤ŷɽͻ̨ˡ
һ⽫ǹ޹
ͬΪŵӵʱڣҳգôһޣ׬ˡ
صסһ۾ͿԺиˡ
⻹һӿˡ
ʦһˡغͳ˸кǺ˿ȥֶԷȻһͷģȴǸŮͯ
ԼĪʮһ꣬ʱͻСһϣ˫գͣεţǰ˸յӣЩģ
ѵŵĵӣ
̴ͷŵĵӽҲ̨ܳ壬ͳԶ
ͽܣŮͯʳ룬ûһۣģЩڷһ
ǡһԼ࣬Ƴϵɻ󣬱ܵλʦ塣
𡣡Ůͯ
ˡ
ȻǵãΪֺȤŻ뺣֮ŵ롣֮Ҳû񣬻ڻ˺ܾá
Դ֪ǻǧΪĻڳϣһֱΪǸ׷Ƿ̴긾ˣôҲû뵽ǸʮŮͯȻһͷ׷۵ӣûвϵĸоֱĳȻС
̫ʦãҽ򡣡˸̧ͷﻹĺ棬ϸͼҳһ˿
ע⵽ʣ֪Ϊʲôģ
Ҳû͵˵ͷǧȴѽ˲Ⱑ
㲻ңǸģȴԲͷ
ΪʲôҪ㣿򲻽⣬һ˲ӹһ˿ްĹ⣬δֱʲôһѹӭ
ݵǿԼ·ֻǺеһڣ̱ᱻѹ÷顣ǳɫﵹӳİ׷Ųǣȴǰʲô͸̽麣
ҵʹ麣Ļǰ볤һģҲŵʱڵģͣڻʵѪС
ͼ˵ʲôȴʲôҪ嶼˺ʹÿһؽڣԼ޷ܵʱӺȻһᡣ
һӿƢڴձϰˮߣȴֻܿһƬ磬ΧһжԺģֱӱۡ
ܷʱһ໰Ȼ̱һߵ£̱סˡ
վȡߴ
ŷڸ߿գȷ˵վڳɽϣȷһ㣬ڳ뻳СΧĸӿͳˣ̧ͷͿԿ޳ĽëԼëڵ
Ũīȴīɫ˼
ǳҫҹհɣ롣
һͨڵĳĽӰͣתХǹѹԿ
֪ʦ˾ٺ⣿һ۲գסʵ
ӿʼʵֻǼգ۵ĹټͥԺֻǸСڵ㣬ٶ֮ɼһߡ
ּءشɡ
ǡӦɿЩӰһǱΪһ壬ԭǽзֳĽ
֮ǰһվԺеͷΣԱųĸ첲ţκŭ
Ҳ㡣
Ŷй²豭߹
״ɫԼ󣬽ŵһ飺֪ʦ˾ٺ⣿
ôСӣҿǲǱ˶ˡĵػ˻֣·ոֻǸ˸ǽ麣һƵģĩ˻赭д˾䱣֤ģ˵ģҸٻǡ
ֻ˰ĺ
ĥĥǿסƿڴĳ嶯𵱳ĵһĩβظĻʱ÷ԼϾһ㶼Цˡ
̫ſ϶Ǹӣ
бۿߵԼǰŮ̧ͯ°ͣＷ䲻ȵ̫ʦзұ˶ᡣ
ûУѰ·ԸԼġ˸Ƿǳʧ˺ƽϵ£麣һȱ𣬿ܹˣ
ˣһ㶣Ѱ˼Լƺûܹʲôˣа°֮£ֻǸйأ㽫һһ˵
ԭˡ˵ͷʧӦǴ麣йء
а취ΣԼǰʲôˣеġ
ȴҡҡͷ麣ɹΪһ壬޸麣ɹǷһ£ɽмأֻвбֻἰĲģҩ֮
ͣһ£˵ʮֺ˵Ѿʹҩ֮ҲԴزģߴδϼɹ֮ɽҲɾš
˵ҽҩʱеһɨգʱʱϧҲḻࡣ
֪ҪЩ
Ƭϼ˵֮ǺŮ洴ɫʯ
ǵȷǡӣЦ
Ϊ½ﻹټɫʯʯϹвеģǷڶö֪ڣҪǱȶɽٷѡ
ֻܼˣԼǰˣ΢Щźġ
ģ̾һ뿴һۣܿƿĿ⡣
ֺ˼裬Ÿǣûһֻ׺ס׺չµŮͯȻ֮ȥʱʤա
Ȼȴȥķü̲סЦ
Ǽݺȥء
һͻȻһţʹļ׵üһƵسʦ
£
֪̫ʦ壬ͻȻ뵽ûգ׷һֿܣգ𣿡
Ĭһ󿪿ڣɫ糣֪ˡ
ŶɰͰӦһȥ쵽ſʱ˳
ǰʦʱ⡣
ֻһ䣬˵̨ǰһϸϸŪڣ֮
ãͩľ篡ɳһ̺ƺòϣԺ̨Ͼʱһĥʱ⡣
뿪ԺӲã㴫ȴų˵Ǿ仰
է֮ЩĪҲǹһŷӦԷڸ⸱ģԭΪ붨Ȼ֪ģԸû뵽ȥ
չ˳뵽꣬Ǿ֮ǰĳֻǰ˪ѩʱҲˡ
û˳Ǹӡ
¾ǴˣԶ಻ɽ뵽硣
Ҫڴ֮ǰʱеʦڣӦûʲô⡣
Ľȥҳһ¯̶룬ûǰʮʱʦ͵͵ɽɹж١
ɰɡϰԵӣеЩź
лҪ˵ʦǰһȱΪѾദһ
Ȼ䵭Ϊ˴µĵ֪һЩ֮ǰʲô޶


13 
䣬һΣһڸд۵ʢ䡣
ǰݼһˣڵ̶аʾݷֶʮӰķ֮λ裬仯ڴС
аǧƣһֱƴʾϣ˹֮
һδʱŵӣûʸһ壬Σƾ賤״ݣռ˸ϯλÿһʦһңеƷףֻ̨һˣ㵱ʲõ˸˲赹ˮĹӾϯһ˳Ծգһ˴Ŀ⡣
û˵Ħ󷨣
аһ˹ǳݱиж̺֮һȴ侫ɣȴǹأֻޱ仯λѡ
ʦ𣿡ʳ롣
Կ󷨣Σƽ֮
ιʣ򲻽⣬ϴγŵĽҪǿһЩ
ʦ԰ꡣȴǷ纣¥ʾ󷨣¾̽һչʣλ¶ıˣй£ʾ
ûãȻһӰУۼؿһηɳ졣
أԳͣǷǿķһ˲б˵ѹֻһ˲ͽη÷顣
ڳ޲ݡ
ָֻ֮˴ǰƽ
ƺҲˣиֳɣ˺ܾòһҶˣǡɡ
Ϲߣ֮ƣ֮࣬аŵǾȻߣΪݡ
Ҿ֪ʦڴ˵츳纣¥ЦɹŴһǿС
Ŷҵ˵ϴǸǧʲôҡڵɽ
ʦȻһѾ군ˡ
û˵ϾǴϣһ
ôһǺ纣¥¶Ȼδᵤûۼһǧȣֻ֪һսΣ֮ʣʦЩԱԪӤܿٶȴ񣬴żǿƵĿ˵ʱ׼ִ٣вٻϤŻᱻ󡣡
δ׼ȫҲڱ֮ȥɣζһüҵһɽһɽߣʦ˵ǲǣ
ʱʼһı飬ʱע⣬ɫŮһۣûгϣҲûзԣǻ
ǧ뿪ʦλʦѯʵʱһЩƲ⣬ʱʲô⣬ûпȥǣչ˵ģ˼һͻ
ľʦ˵ǧȿ½Ĵˡ
ʱľֻƲ⣬ʵݣǧ伣޴׷顣
Ǿˡ纣¥һƣ˲٣߰ǰ֮ʱǶ½ڶֹƸɽ᱾ལа¡
½˭ʡ
纣¥ɤӣϸϸ˵¡
ɽᣬɽ¶ǧǰħ½ɽǣᣬ֮аⱵĵش½뼴½֮ܣ߰ǰǻΪʱºԶѰԵ½Żʱľģʮﲼа󣬻аޣ½뱾ڴսˣ֪
˰ɣ롣
ΪʲôǶལǽ𣿡
ལǵһ纣¥Ժ˵
𣿡ǵǲལһľһľȴЩϡ档
ûУ˽ںɽ⣬಻ö붯ô˽Լ׿ϣΣ֮ʲ֡
ϣԵһϧ̾
˵֮Щ֮ģȻ仰Ҳˡ
ֺͷ纣¥̽ЩԼˮ֮£һ͹ȥˡ
ձĿεĵ䡣
ܼһʮǩ֣ʤ߽һ֣Դơ
Ϊʱţĳ˫ƾֻزºʱ²žʤһ취ڱȶʼ󳡵ػὥСʱһˣȳ߽߼ܡ
ֵʤԼмʱϳʮһλɽ
Ϊǩµǿǰ棬߷õһ赭дʵһ
һнǻԵ
֪纣¥ǿڱտھǻԵϰǴˣһ£ҪӮߵ㹻ʱɽᡣ
ϣڵĺû顣סǩõķӡͬʱдʵȻͿԼֵ֡
ͮ¡
Ǻһʦ֣𵤳ڡ·һۣڼ
ʦܴܽڵ𣿾ͨˮƽĽڡ
ǳʱֳ̫ܿ࣬Ի̨Ⱥ򣬼±Ŀ񣬾һԣĿĵɨף棬գڳüĵɰϣ˺ܾúʡ
ԡûۣܹԼϵ񣬶ԴϰΪ
˺һջĿ⣬˸ƳǴϺ解ײӹһ˿Ц⣬ץ
˳ǽͷżȻһ۱㱻ǻһĳɫһذף̫תҵϡ
üǵɰһǿռΨһɫʣѩŵ÷쳣ʱǸһͨ⡣
أãɿǴ解ڵķʡ
Ĭ֪ǲǴƺ̾һһΪĸ֡
ʦͲ֪ʱ̹Ϻ˵ġߴߴȥԹˡ
벻ƾ˵һͨϻһԡ
ʣܿͱ˯ס˯֮ʣԼ˵ʲô
Ϊʦݱ
ƺ˼˺ܾò뵽ģɴżֲȷԥ
ļٵİ
룬˯ˡ
ͮºͷ纣¥ͬһţȴܶ࣬ԼĪʮģ
űʦϣƲƲ죬Ϊ߳һ׵ǰ䳡ϣȻ˼ġ
ܿ죬Լ뷨
ʦĻݣʮ꣬һʦֱǵŮȷǲ˺ü꣬ʦкӣ˵ʦͻ
˼ģԽԽԶ
ʦãָ̡
ֱͮºƵĵֹסһȥ˼ʦûк⡣
ʦָ̡֣һ΢Ц
üչȴɢǹĴУǳкЦ˲һͻĸо
һСʦð
ע⵽ͮµĺһ٣΢΢Цᣬгһ˲ӳ콣⡣ͮ»ûȫϧгͱۻҵĽס߽硣
ѧĽʽһףΪڱٻ޵ĸڽעɲǼҫĿ䳡У˼ַĸо
Ҳǿѣ׽˵˾ǻӣڵģܿͻᱻϸǱ߼ͮѾĳ侲ᱻסҪԭҲΪʦǳӡ
ûϵһ˿ҶС
ʦֲˣչƣҲǽһȦȻһƣһԽԾȥ
򵱼У֮ǲ
Ļ˵УһΣУһҪͨ
˼ٶȼ죬ڱ߽緶ΧǻԹӡһӾͱˡͮ׷һ׷ϱͣ£һֻӳһȻڳʯϰ
һƿʯϣΣȴ߰۵ü˷ܣвٽ𵤼ķ֮ãһ˺־޼ƿʩˡ
⼾ͮ±ȽϴƳרļԦˣŪһȻһתͮ³ȥԷڣϵͬʱʶһξ롣
ڼײϵʱذθλãۿҪײȥͮ˫ֽӡͬʱ͸߶Ȼرܣкȵ
𣡡
漴ϱȥ
ʱˡɨ۳أڿ˸Ȧٶͮ³ȥغ֮ǰСһЩЩתʱЩɨ°ڶһ顣
һγڼı䷽򣬼ͮ侲࣬ûлرܣͼǰı䷽򣬲ûü;ϵŴˡ
˲䱩ǣ࣬ע˸˺Ԧѣͮ¾û
ô£ȵۣæջʩ֮ȴֳ𾪣ҡ
ˡ
һ˲ַųŽû


14 
ʧ󣬼ͮѾ˹ȥӷɽЦ˸Ҿǫлʦ顣
ͬʱö¬˽̨ʤ
Χ۵ĵӴ󲿷ֻڲУ¶ĽˮƽΪ䶨ˣܣһҪ׷ϻгġȴû뵽ͮ»ᱻԼɡ
ǻԦɣŻʧ֣˶ôΪֻΪϸߵһЩ˲֪ʲôֳͬ˾ȣǾĴ󵨻˵ǰδеķ
׽ĸĿڳЩ΢Һ·׾ͱӣʵȴǲһͮк׶׷ڽӽͮµʱӳڶʱڽһͮ¿ƲסȻͼʱǰµΪס
ֻΪǶסʿֻάƬֻ̣мգ۵ĹƫṦһ񣬿ȴˣǽʿҲܽʱѿص˾׼
ͬע⵽ⳡȶѾܾûܽ󷨡ȵ޷ںϵսеˡ˼Ҹգǿ֮ľٴֱ˼
֮ǰֻ֪һ츳ܸߣʱȴ֣սϵ츳ܸߡǽޣȴòʤһĵ֡
ηη̾
صʱڲ廨
ִһ֧ŵɽ裬们䣬¶һذƵСۣŰϵİƿٳûжƿѾм֧軨ȫŵģҲнǻǶģ£ȡ
һʦûһ۲գȫעⶼѰ֧䴦ϣ˺һѰλãؽ֧롣
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ʦǲ̫ҵһ㣬ͻȻʼ˼⣬ᣬʦǶйעŵǵֻʦڲ廨ȫȻǰ㵭
ʦ㶼ʤΣû𣿡ϴʣױһս°ָ뿴
֪뽫ƿڴǰһۣһʩ˸䣬ǽøɸɾȻ޼֦
Ŷ˸ûȤ˳Ⱦӿʼﳤ軨˻Щ
ͽôгϢʦҲйⰡ
ƺȤޣҲû¡
ʦΪ˰ˣ
нεĻ䣬һ궼
ڶȶǽڵģǲһʦ㡣
ⳡԽ˰ӣһһ磬һʼһѷкȥ
ģ𵤼ģһҹȥһùۿĿһء
¶ʹļ׵ı顣
˷ѵ
λʦûüͱ䵽˳⣬Ҳõ󲿷ֻʣš
ǵԵһ
Ƿһĳ裬ڣϳ纣¥⣬ߵǸ÷أǰռݳλãƾô˿һֱŵ
Ϊǰ̫ˣⳡ˺ܶǰۿ˺üʦ뿴ֻʲô⡣
ҲڣѾӮγ鵽ĶֶڵģѴ֮õɽʸ񣬰޵
һ˰ɣҵĹ쵰
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ʯ䣬һ֣һȦƬΧסƴСָɳ죬ܼʮö㣬ص·ǵԹ·лʡ
ǸһۿǳϵĻԹջϵЩƣȻˡ
һȫǳ𣬼ңʵ̫ݳˡ
ڵķвȶ𻵣Դ󲿷˵ڲŻùزȥ졣
ڵ򣬳־ȫɳķһɨȥͿڶʮۺĽԼʣвʺͳӣýҪ͵һЩ
ѹһ˶ܸܵľ޴Уȴֻʮɣˡ
Ϊ۳֮뵱ס˾ĻΪͬʱɷʩչΪ㡣
Щ壬ÿһ϶оŹע벻ͬݱǧֱ仯ʩߵΪɵֳѾ㹻
סһ¹תΪʮö˸ԳΪĶʯУ߼״гԼķȴһܣһΪĽʵʵ
ıɳԪӤµκι֮ǰһΪڵӵĹ󷨼ӳҲƲѰᣬʱɡ
ƶͻȻΧľ±ˡ
˴ɽ֣һСڽ£ǰ죬ͨһʵĹ塣
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ôСӹһݹ⣬һĵϣƣ
ˮʱü죬ǰֱ䳡ڽɵĳջ⡣
СΪȻ룬ȻһƶУУβƵϡŽڶըѣ޴ĳڳϻصȴ˿ûӰ죬°ڶûлΡ
ֵͺãһ¶һ˿Цݡ
֮ΧͼѰԳȥͬʱϹŬ˿ɹ֮°νȴýЩ֣ɾûз»ͼƳǲϰ
ûõģ롣
ʱоˣУԽˣʱʱ
ѵԼˣԳɵ˷Ȼ˽
̨壬ʤ
ʲʲô辪ֻƬ̺ԭί
ڷɽϣſֳָ֣ʮ壬Ǹλá迴ˡǳС
ʦӦöදһ²СջʮĿ鷨仰;ȥ
ڲػһ϶࣬ǳЩһȴǻûΪ䳡ģֻƫʮɣһزĻķ˴ά֣ǽΪϸֱҲԿ࣬豻ٰţƶԼʤԱŪȥˡ
ҪأάػĻⳡԵĽö֪
ʵųǰԵɺŹһԵ̬취вͨͰʮĿ鷨ȫܶһ̾һ̣ȴû뵽ô˳
ôϲͱμʲôᰡмһ˵߶ԭ뵱˵ģΪõԭˣ̾߶ҶҫһҲΪ
ΪάǷͬʱϷҶԷעľ˾ֻʣɻȥˡ
оιȥˣЦûˡ
ǽأ롣
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ʲô£ڷɽϣͷסȥ·ļӰ֮־ζɺֻȥϢ㴹Դˣʲô´ӳɣȸǡ
˵ƵȻǱסȥ·
һĸˣڣһڣǲʶġ
뿪ؽء
ӣ³һֻۣܿǳһɫ
Ϊ˹˹֣Цʦõóʦ洫Ӣˡ
ٷϻһͷشˣҲˣûȤ
̬ȼŭɫҲʦʤʵҵʦд衣
ǡЦд裬˵úۺֱ˵˸ǡ
ΪȴвٽķڱȶʤͷȻеӻὫʤԭڷߣȻԹȻǲȥҳ鷳Ǿ
Ϊʤλǰд裬ôûʵɡ֮ǿܵСҲ£ȥʦǸ״Ҳ˼¡
ܳһ˼ʲôأ
𴩣Щ߳ŭˢسͬдֻϡƽ£ʦݵС֮ȡ
ðһ¼žȼҩվ롭
Ȼڡ롱ֳڵһ˲ͳ˹ȥ˺޷ʱһ£ͬʱ·ɽ߳
ǳϵ˺ôΪһ㣬жס
󣡡о׹֮ƣһԷȥѰķ־Ͱѽˤȥ
ôܾˣָأһ°ѶԷҳѪһз̫죬Ա˾û֣ܲǷӦ׹ȥ
ڶķ磬ЦϷѣһ˲ǵ𵤼˳ȥ
û˵ǣŸͷҲá
ҩЧѾʧˣع˹ָͼѷɽٻȻδоɽĻӦϵķȻֹͣˡ
סˡ
ԶȥĻȻٶȻ
̧ͷ˳롣


15 
ν겻־˰ɡ
˵ĵĶ㣬æҳŹǵûü˵һ֡Ϊ˵ıѪڵεδͱǰİһš
뿴ǣڵûκȴ׹ƵĻ̿֡
̲סȥǵˣըըҲùڣޱĳԶ
ȻӴޱģɴ˿̲֪Ϊο¡
ץų֣ƣڶԷнɢ̧°ͣƵЦ˼мС˵־ζ
׷ʵҲԼµ
ΪıԺ̬ȶգȻŵڶ԰ԹȫйˣʤˣʦһȡʤίʵЩԷڡλ˵ʦίһѹȻвƽ
ǰµУΪǸλʦĵ£ȻŪһԼ˳û뵽Ӯˣ˴ķŭ뼵޽һȾͺϺ׷
ûºֻ֣˷ɽȥһ£תͷͿ˳롣
˭̨֪峤ӶȤҲֻڿʼ¶˸棬״Խǿȴһ۶ûƹ˼ѽ볤Ҳˣº׷һӽգû뵽Ȼʱ֡
ץΣʦԶֽѵǳе¡
мعʶӣȻɽδͷ;һĽסȥ·ǰʲôûУǱʶȴиھ桪ٽһͻ򽣴ġ

оԼֳͬͷ
ʲôǵݣǵԼϢϹˡΪ࣬򳡣ǹɽڲŵ˵ˡ
֪𷣣һָжǼϰϴ
츳ߣ䣬ΪǼģ̻ǼԪӤĩֻһ̤뻯еʦʦҪ֡
׷һʱȣʱӲˣ˵Ҳܣó׷ָ֮һִǰ£ʣµ·ֻһ
Ƭ̺ͬţŹ棬֣ʦֶǸȥ췣ɡСʦ㿴Σ
ΥӵĳͷöᣬΪ಻ţѣѭŹ棬κƫ̻
ˣֹ纣¥ȥ˾ǳɡ
Ź洦Լֱ졣
ɴʱݺͳ붼ڣԷֺʶ̧ٵط·Եˡ
ʦ˳ӡָԷɿ֣ûӾҪ۸ȥˡ
⻰Ǽ˱鶼Щ΢
ʵǻʲôûüװһͷĻҶ˱
ôҲ۸ˡ
šûĻһӦһ
һץӵ޲ðӳ
Ҿ֪ʯĳŮˣʲôʦͽ
ȥͰѳǴ觿ʱȴٶȿڣɤ˪ѧղŻᱻ۸ȥ
㣿ˣ죬Ǻȴһ
ķɽ֪ʱ˳УŽֱ۴࣬Žѣûð
Լһһ˲䣬ܵ˽ĺȥϸʱȴʲôûУֻԭĵطûнûʲôû
ţŻʧľǱ߿ȥۡ̾һ
Ǽ˽µķɽˢˢһΪӽⱻ԰ʿû˼ķȵͣڿУֻΪͽȻʣ漸ŤŤվԵúܻ
ݴסˡ
ɿ壿Ƴһۣɫʵ
ûУЦǸв
С˵־ˡ
̨壬һɣۼˣɵҲֻǾȼãһ;۾ˣͷմͷ˯ˣٶӳǺǺӡ
µգӣʱѪݶ촰Իºһࡣ
϶һ̺ӣʿѰ䣬׷ʣûҪҲҪ̺ӹţϡǵ˯ǰû˵ϸʲô
ǳϵİɣ·𻹲ŵ㣬ӣ͵ЦԼѾָӴƿš
ˮ٣ͶԺУʵʵĹߣǻþһ㣬ϰߣǻΪԾС
ʯ̨ߣһϮɫͦñֱֻһͺƳ֮Ȼɷǰյƿգ˻˻лһ⾰
רעעƿʱȥ֦ȥЩ£Ϊ趯ܽƬɭֵĿ֦ȴżһһ£䷳
˵ϲȴκϲĮ·ǻǲֱ̫˵ǷܣȴҲһ˿ϸܵûаǿϲ԰յ˶ôͶ롣
˫ڵӾһ澵ӣʲôɣʲô£һԴĵȻУ䣬˭˶Ҫ飬
Ϊ졣
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һģǵЦ
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ûϲҲûвϲӦ˰ˡ
ɾһһж޶ԵˣȴȻ£׻Ѫء
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ʦ⻰̫𣿡˫ȳɫǳ·űӹ⣬ƻƵĵʱӦ˵ҹ㡣
Ǽ֧ɽ裬Ķһ٣鵭ĮƬ̺ȴһڡ
š
ɤǰӦȡǰƽȴ޳Ľë˲·ȥĨ˸
һ˲۾Ц
ʱ̲סԼǲ˹ƣÿγ¶̲סǡ
ǸһմȾ󷨸ζȻ
̫Ȥˡ
Ц΢΢ǴĻϲԼĳԼδ䵽̡
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ķʱŪĻƿ̱ƻüͷûһ£Ƿ¼̧ӡ
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ЦЦˡ˵
һָͥ˲ʱΪޣָһƬ꣬ƮƮ¡


16 
Ŵɽӱ㶨ͬȥĻλԪӤǰֱǻȷ¬ͲФ£죬ǰ弯ϵĵӷ¬Ф󻹸һˣȻǳ롣
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⴮觳Щʱգֻǰ߶дӶ޴ӵ֪
СʦˣҲȥ𣿡˽ͷӶ
ô֪û뵽겻Сʦ徹Ȼˡӻǵͷ纣¥һͬμĵӣΪγڴˣǳ뾹Ȼ׹ô۵ĺɫ
ϾԳòԶһذףʩ죬κװεȵȡ
ȴʧϸˣ⻹ǸͷòһµСʦ
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⡭ɴۣǲˡ
Щ˽͵Ц
Щ֣֮֮ǰ篻ʣ¼ѣǰһֱ¯ǰղŴ󹦸ɣԭΪġ
֮£꣬꣬ŵºڶ뺣һʮ꣬һɽҲ֪Ҫòܻ
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Ϊǳʦһͷˮ
Ҫֲ׼ɽոͽܣżɽܸȣǶкһǣϵʮǧͷĪ̫Ҳ᲻ô
׽룬ȴԼϵ̫ʦûкøУûй𾴣ƺǡͷӡǡϲжҪ
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ԼƢе֪֮ģܳϦԶɫģֻгˡ꣬ƿɺüζ֡
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ʦǰǷԸ¡
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ҪŻϰɣ룬תͷͼѾˣԭ۵ðһߣ״˼
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һʱƲƲʦǰƭˣ漴װͰͳһǴ׹ʦͽʲôֻҪ˵á
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аأʲôкܶʿ𣿡صתֵĵط
Ҳгĵؽ硣ü˵Ǹڶ࣬ΪӪҲ㲻һɣŶһ˵ʿ֮һޣǳгǲһֱû취ɶ񰡣֮һġ
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ʦ߰ɡЦʱкл
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һ̤УӰת˲ʧڹС


17 
Ŀĵλڼݺ;ݽ紦Ȫɽɽ棬ڶӣͳ֮˱ɽٺĿյΪݵ㡣
֮˲η꣬ʳиطϢ͹ˣѡŴʲôҪ
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Ҷϵķƿģαģò᲻֪εķҶɣ
֪¬ȥˣֻܼͶһǰȥһڵסһھͱˣͦأԴǵ̨һϢ
ֹǱҶ˭֪ҸҴģҲ֪
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δĻް֪ۺܴŮҲʱҲܹѼĴ֡
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18 
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һԲĴɽŽɫ£ǩϣͮͮģһСѸϲ졣
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ķĲȴûܵӰ죬ûбңҲûкԺ֣ûʲôңݣСͷǺ«ȱ˼֡
ظ㰲ȥˣǵԽԽ࣬СڽһȦڳſͣ£˾ߺİ䷽洫ģɽﻹ̶ɳζԶĺãһֻʣһ
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ڷñ¶ʿݣĹأԼ׳ɣǽһĴڡʱʿݣԭʿ뷲˶սݡ޷ʿļټǧڶϣΧŻң´ңЩٶ¾һλɽʿɢƽϢˣʿΪصޣ
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19 
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ߣʮӣǰһϷȻУһŭĿӡ
ǿжʮصĽ鰡൱ڻϹһôʹ
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Щһͺۣʱע⵽ԼɢѹĽͷһһʱǰ
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ӵҲ̫졣򿴳֪Ҫ׷ϧ̾ǵĲ軹ûء
ʱǻƵԶôô硭
ȥǾ˵õĲսߣûżźرһ߿˴˽ǻƾŵȰ衣
͹٣ѾˣСܹıһΡ
˲źáЦֱǻӹ̣һ־ҧ
ǸĸŮˣԼĪʮ꣬һ˫üӢһϮɫĳȹ׺˺ɫս߶׹Ӷλεģ֦չֱֻȸȺҲ۵һһӺݻӣΪȴͰ౳ۣȴŸסϸӣ̣ͽǵֳ꣬ĩ˻δָ
Ȼ򣬼˴˵ȳҲĿɿڴ
ôôҪ
û⻰ͼŮֽһˤ絽ǰЦпڣ
һڵСĽ


20 
һڵС
ƺ򼴽ڵġˡתΪһЦ
һڣһֱĳָ߸ϵ΢λһСʦãһСʦ壬Լôغʦ
ʦٶ꣬ԪӤΪЩҶʲôĶҪ𾴵سƺһӣȻ˳Сǻúܡ
ó֮ܽ꣬ƶûбôȤ䣬Ůĳ
ǰûϸŮ˲ε·۵ס
⡭ӣĵǵǷǳˣ߾ͲܿƵƮȥĿתǸŮˣԼͽĲͷһ֪
šɿ϶һƳζ졣
ĳ̶ֳ˵νμ穣СƺҲԩ
ȶ뵽Լƺ糤룬յüܿչ
һᣬţ϶Ƶĵ˵ͷǱ߿ȥŮЦЦƺµʲô
ȿȡװģɤӣ֪λǰһСкҪ£
Ů֪һڵ˳ƺ룬ȻҲʿٲǲΪȻڳ֮ϣСΪͽܾСС
ŮԿһҡҡͷ̾ɲС
ʲô˳ĻȥͼԷ¶ǳЦݡ
С˹һһ˵øа˵һһף벻һҲǣ
ĻƺǽǺһжˡ
ŭˣҪһתЦҳƺһǰ񲻾
ѡϡҧ÷أ䲻ȻŮˢسָӣٲȻҪ˵ļƣŷ༥ȴԷһת룬˵ǧǹҼʶһ°
һ䣬̽ȥ
׼ԴŮ˽һֱעŶԷ򳳼ʱҲиҼԳνȴֶԷзסֵ̧Ķֻܺͼѳһ˿϶
ǵľǣ÷
Ů˾Ҳһͽһ֣һͽһߣһֱЦݡ
󣬳ĺ󱳵ֵǽڣ·ˣŮ˵Ҳ򣬿赭дʵǧ֮أþסļ˿
˫ڵжûгһ˿Ů˶ӣûηҲûзŭǾԴ֮ˮƽ
̫ˣ鵹Ȥ𣿡Ů˵ͷſκͻȻһЦϸĲһ̽ȥ૵һ㶼ϹͽܣòǼٵİɡ
ָ⻹δͻȻע⵽ƿĿ⣬ȥˮīͫоʲôһ
ƺǾ
࿼Ǿ;ʲôصײ˺ԣľмɢҵƫƫͷô˻Ľѳ˲룬վʱ֡
˲᳤̺һϳ˽֣źԣŻȥ
һضϵĵȶϣ˹ǡ
ſڵĵɫɷףֵؿŮֺֿϣ˵ˡ
ýҲǴ۽ˡ
һ͸ŹŮ˵Ķԣ껹ҪͽһϷˣȻܿ˵ϸ΢ǺŮһѽ¹ƵǽϻȥЩ߿·ֹһĵĹүһޣ¹νҲ߳ŭö꣬Ƶμ١
پǸСﾹԲʾԴңʵǵ𾪵Ҫԭ֮ǰŮȻŮ˳˼䣬ɿͿЦصô˹Ķɣͬİ¹ﱻ۸ˣΪ䣬һ̾ͿĿ¶׹˵Բʱȥ
ǵƦåԼҶûôɴ׺ݰ
ϺûƻľĵӣȻҵ÷飬һʱ֪þ̾ⲻ˵ʱɢŮô󣬻Ů˵ͷôʯͷӲһ¿ƤûƣôҲȥκű߹һȦ
ˣһƹ֪ʲô£æȻûһ춯صͷһò׻ָЩɫٶȱòҰףٽֵĴͬһͬ䣬˶Ӱ
ԼĪʲôİɣɥԼģ֪Ҫۼ£ʱһԾУһƣӡ
׻飬˵һŵӣһȴż䶼ϡã⳥´ࡣ
ȻһĳҲãЩҵ겻ǮĲçһ֪ĸµģֱӦǸһֶû˵İ¹ȻͷϿˣǹ˲ϵģпܡ
ǮȷǳµģΪҪƴ˵ĶҪ⳥زֹУȻԵǺŮǳ״ƷֿʱԴŲӣһѳ
һλ纣¥˵ڷһ͹ˣ̫˻ɣֻ顣
ûӦʲô۾һֻһĺЩԼǼ⣬ȴһվԼѱƵֱ߽䣬ȻǺŮӲ
ܱ¶ݣ˫ѹΪһһףӰѣнǽд衣㲻йĲ̶ȣ÷˿쳣ȴ뵽轣ʱĽüͷһ壬ע⵽ǽа߲ۣ˸־öڵϺͽֵǽ棬ſ罫˴Ȧ
ΨֱӵøɸɾסҲսŴϾ浶ǹ֣ԽԶԽȫúúȴû¶˿ɵı飬ȻѣǶսʵ쳣ֻһͿǺŮӾȻȫѹų롣
ǱŵһɫǹǰЩǼǹŮбҵƣԵȴշ磬էһ볤Ǳͨڵĳ֯һѽѷ֣ʵѾסˡ
һڣ˳룬ûмκܲ½зӳ˾˵˵ܶʿĽͨı䶼ȲϡǺŮͬûศԴǹռϷ磬ٳδʤֻΪճкԳĵϸ뱻ϣֻ˳ǹƲϳС
ԽԽľˣһֵˣͷûʲô
ǳżر氲ʵ϶֪˶ְɣгʯʼͷ˶ɢҲ±㱻Ҳᣬֻųܶһꡣ
Ȼܿ죬ͲڱŮ˽ѵǰ˵Լʦ¡
ɢĽ̶ȵĽŲסˣƺʶĽһسҪƽ
ʦҪסͽʱܰ߶ţҧָѪӹ˽磬ֱڵϻӡ
ѪΪýʲôݵģȻ̶ԽҪѪҲԽ࣬ϾʲôҪۣʯʱ
ǺŮҲȻܿƵĽһ䣬Ľ˳ʮɣһǹƽƽƳ
ûκλһǹȴ̺ŲݿܵȴƷص·һǹľͷĩ
һĽƫ콣Ȼʧǹ֮ʲô顣
ͬʱһɿؽУ𣡡
һŰ׹иܿסˣһʧˡ
Сõǿ졣Ů˿ŵϵļѪۣط˸ۡ
ִǽ޵֣ôᱻʿӻ߳һϴ򶷵ĺۼɢøɸɾ
Ҿ뿴Ϲͽܵı¡Ů˲غһۡ
㿴Σ˱ºͣ˿̬Ӱ죬۵ʼպŵЦ⡣
Ϲһ·ɣδĥһϹû̹
ɣǰ;
Ҫ컯ˡŮĵЦҾˣ˱ͱһС˫ַȥưոݡ
ϧˡϳּΣ̾һ
վˣһǹ
ĿɽϵĹȵףиɽԲȥ½סڣתֱѪ졣
ʦû°ɣ򷭳ҩ£ְڳʯ˷󣬿ﻹѯҪһȥФʦ𣿡
޷ϢƬ̼ɡȥϵѪϢЩȣ֮죬Ȼɣͺֱֻˮ飬һ
ǲǵ֮ʱ鶼һ䣬̲ס²⣬Ȼ뷨ӡ
˶֪ֻǵӴЩʱʶʱģĲüͷһµġ
ʲô˰ʦ֪𣿡Сų£·˵޷ʵͻȻûϢһ㣬󣬸ܵȶŷġ
ǺŮ˵ǣǸ˵˵Ҳû䣬һҪúõģܰĶ㱳֡
Ϊλʦ塣ץԼ˼Ƭ̺˵
һ˲ܵԷϷӿ
ԭǸ֡˼°ͣЦǻˣǸҪ
ͼϼأŮ洴ԻΪǲʶҲΪף֮⿪ʶ޵ģԱ֮Ϊ
ǻΪޡ
ǡܵصͷеǰѪó֪ʲôŷˣ֮ÿÿڳѷ붼ᾡְ
ϴƺǼĵΪ˶ȴ˾䣺ʦʦ㡣
ֱš
ǴӦˣʵȴΪȻĵСҺкβɣΪΪȴ۸һԪӤڵģ˵Ҫɲ֡
δΪѹҡۣƽȴƫһ˿µĴܡ
ӣԭôȻ뵽ƺ˭ûû
ССǧǹδı̫ʦϹ
뵽ֻЦͲǧǸаݵħͷҲƤΪֱǰƺû⣬ƫƫأһڵһޣôЦˡ
Ůһ̫ʦгɣ˵Թ
ۣ۵ӹζȻɨ԰׵Լ΢Ľëһʵ
ʦ𣿡


21 
۾ʹ뵵У΢ɼĳɣһ̹ʵĿѰʲôܿջߣüϸ΢𣬵ֻάһ˲ٿʱȻָƽ
ûСȴôȷֻǺָܿԭһɲ˹ˣգʮգڴ˵Ⱥ򡣡
ţŶգգۣӣվڶתһȦȥʱѾʼ˹ˣڵɫУ֣̽̽볤һ߿ͱסˡ
һڵŹԪˣԪ⣬صʮ켴Ȭ˴ε˵زأ˵Ҳ̫ᣬϣͨһغΪߣϢձɻָ
ԪӤʿ˵ֻδԪ񣬾ٶа취ָ
һڶѨһȦֻصϣʱƺ޶仯ʲô⣬Ƶᣬ뵭Įȴܿżݼŵϸ΢仯Լ˼
˵ƳԼ͵Цʱֱ˵Լǽҫʱٱ˵ԼΪѰؼʱ򡪡
Ҳ֪Щʲôèһÿһ䣬Էֻ赭дûʲôʲô˵ȻͻῪʼе
ʼĳһȦʶ󣬻ͷҪһɵؽʦ
һ뵽ֿܣҪˡ
ɲУԲУ
ǲԺһأʦǰЩһʦãԺңָǺã࣬ȫȻû˼·Ѿ֪ĸȥ˵Ծɷµ̾һҪж
֪߿ԼĪҪп֮ɽ̣֮Уⲻ֪鴦֪ߣᷭ۵ַˡ
գڵʮվһȦºڲΪгĸı䣬ˡ
Ѩ̫С޿ɹǲ֮˹ֲܺ˵
ɶУиԪӤڵһ߼ȡĵһǰ㣬ֻпԼƼ
°˼ϵʯͷʱ̾ͻȻ뵽ͷ纣¥ҵĵطƺڸʱЩסˡ
ʦһûзӦֳɤӺһ飬ȻûӦ
Ȼʶѷգǽᱻ
˵˹ΪӦԻУ̽ͷѸ֣޲̷ɹȥĪ˵Ǽ죬ĿӶ̲ˡ
ҾͳȥΪ΢Ҳʲô߶ţһȥʱȴȻסͷСһ۳룬κβģͷһ顣
ǵǺŮˣѹ˺üʱԷģɱˣû˿紵ݶ˵ԷһʱûֵĴ㡣·ʿ˴ǰһĿԸ
һֻһ
ԥһü˶ţһߴߴԹһ߻ӳʮö붴ѨȻ󰤸߳ķӡæܾòŴ󹦸ɣ֮гɽһƵʧڶ⡣
ڵΪȻŲĽ磬ǳ߶¯ԪӤڵķѰͬʵǵ֮֮˵ֻӣԾʱʱֻܲ½𵤳̶ȵĻʱԣĲúʮöµķмϢɽ֮УԪӤʿҲ޷
ȥ󣬶ڱһĲƣƽϢǶھȻʧˡ˸ԪӤҾͨ󷨵ˣֻһɽƽΪ㣬پ֣ĳ߲ڳ߸ûκӰ졣
һţɫƺɽ֮УޣԵɭɭģԳǲ壬ûһأƾаޱ֮ȥ
ɽǴֻʮʱȻһ΢
ٶȲ˻ΪǴѷ˿һȴһСϪƳһӰ
ֻ˹ϪϣƺǸŮˣʶȷʵڿӡ
ҹģɽҰ룬ȻڿޣӣѰ˼ҪҪǰȥƣͻȻ̧ͷ߿
²ĸ֣˵ӡ
п򣬾ǲϢϢķӡڣ˵ߺ˳½ϷӡôԶܱ˵Ǹ˵Ϊȳߡ
ԪӤĩڡ
ôɫˣûü;һһ˲ͨһϪ
㣡شˮ޵³еϪˮȻ㱩ָ˱ӾͬԷʺϡ
һڵģûϵԷ󣬵֦״ĶһӣϪˮоˣÿһˮ̺˾˵壬֮ϡص˻ǽ׾޴ҲױƬۿǾ˾Ҫûһ㣬Ȼͣھͷ֮ǰֺ
ƺѱ󺣡
ʶȤر졣
ΪޣΪ⣬غգʼûΪβʱȴԷȻףǹͱ˵ľʧӰ١
ˣҲǨŭ㡣˾ɥ״֦⡪Щɺ֮ɢ
ֻʣ²ãɽҰԼСϪز˰Σգķ޺
Ȼһ߿ǶϪʯҧгݵѾǨŭˡ
ԷûҪĴ㣬
˭һڵġ˵Ƣƺ㻵ոմֻһʱ嶯ǸȴûٶŭǳüϪˮƺŻ֮ȥİԹҼһڵľ
ɤ峺飬ʹԹԴżƵ棬·ҥһ㣬Ҳʱſģ
ȳ뻹Ҫϼ֣һ˵ĶϢò˼Уͬĭһ㲻УһһЦ۵ģʲôģȴ档
аϧˣƽǰľٶ˵ᵱ£㶼ûУȥˮݺݴ֣һôˣ
˼ۣʾз
Ҵгɣ㣬һҪݸ꣬˰нţȴȦֺˡ
Ϊһڵҵˡ
˭һЦˣΨ²ҵЦ
һŷ㲻Ͽ̰壬ɱϾţҶ񣬼Ե»߼ΪµĶྴû˵ʲô㰮Ұ֮໰ϲּľ飬ʱһŮӵ˵ҹڴ˿ʱ˾ֱð⣬ƬǰݺŮˣȴЦԿһжļơ
۵˭Ȼܴòˣڴصȴš
ǸгġǼɤһ˿ޱȴһ״ͷ
һӦǲʦ˵ãڶӦǡ
Ҳ֪ôӦˣ˰۲Сʣȷǳӣ
Էͷ
Ǹģüһɰİ½ޣ˵߱Ȼ
Է͵ͷ
ǡŶӣһСָڱǼһȴδš
ʵЩЦ
ôܣⲻܣ
Է˵һκһˣĳ뷢԰׵ʦŶһ֣ȻͼӴŮ˵۶һ˵ȴǳ룬һëţӶǻ硰вɡͷ
ǳڵ꼰ľֻ΢ع˹ǾסЦڳһı顣
úܿǳᣬʦŲŲһ˼ôͻƿľԴľͬŵʦʦ㶼ϲȫǷȥ˵ˡ
ᣬ˵ûʲôˣһŮǸġ
ɫƳ˶Էһۡ
ͦҲɣΣһ˿ܣʶ˵鷳Ͼǰ˵Ӳ̫Ծʵӹɣǲ𣬾취Ϊϲǡ
˼òʣ˵⸽֪𣿡
Ѱ˼Ƭ̱ҡҡͷٲҲ֪
ʲôһڵģô᲻֪ġԷɻضһš
ӹƧɽǰŵһμ֪٣һɽǡ·˵ذˡ۾գգһ£еǧŮǴ˵˺ͳӽԹˣһûһڵӴ٣ȴʮĳϿңĻҪ񼸷֡
ָ򣬵̫˷¶ţѡװɵ
ʦ˻ûãɲŮȥ˳һ£ԺʲôһǧԶһ㡣
Ů˵ǸúŪģô˵ʹͷɥذ˰֣ҵȻȥңոնеǸˡ
ˣǸ
ǡףˡʶôһ䣬뿪㹻ԶĵطЦ
ôÿȴǸɵģ˿۵׵ĳŪ뵽˵ǳ룬Цֱ
ǸʱԼ겻˵ĳ룬ǸԽյ޶õʦȻŮ˵ˣŪ˰ɣ˵Ů˵˾Ǹ
Ѱ˼ŸֿܣȨһӡ
ʦ̫ˣŮ̫ˣ˵Ļо԰
ұȽϺá
⻰ٲ˸пһ˵ƤǺǽ
ŮסʱлԹԻسߣŮ˵ĻȴͷǶ˸ۣĶԷʵֻװɵβѰ룬ԱԭķȥЦ˾Ϳʼ˼ôŮߡ
벻죬ƹ֮ʱܻᱻ
˵û޶ǽΪôôһײ֡˵Ի֪Ů˶ͣΪڳ֮ϣ϶ǲˣһû̶ԼԼǲǸûȥȱ
˵ǸǾһϷˡ
һ¿ֵܳĻ棬ֹЦǾô˾
̽а֮غ󣬾ͻȪɽЩٱĳЩԱ˳ŵϡ
ϣǡ
ɱʲô۶ˡ
Էθصһ䣬ɽɵء


22 
ɽصһƬʯڣȺɽƣλ൱Σѱ˷֡
ʯڣλöδ˴̫Σûκοɹߵ·ƶ񤣬ͺͺֻгЩӲݣûκοȡ֮˶벻ð
ǿҩ¯ʯУ滹Űɫĺۼ֮طֻмӲˣúܡ
;ЩԾ˵ﲻԾֻʮע⣬κϸϸ۲츽κöʼ֮»ݷ
ֻΪڷϵѲµΪķ纣¥ڵҲضáÿÿڿΣⶼܽĿ࿴纣¥һϰз󷨾ҪȻ״еĴ
ǳĵӣʵȴǴѧøһЩʱ֪˻ΪһĴˡҲ˳ݣݶû飬һ̨Ҷ˵ʲô
ǶԳԳǶ
ǲǲ
µӣ̨йƧ֮ٹѣҲ󲿷ʱ򶼴̨Եʣˣ󲿷˶˽ҲǳӵĵӶѣֶ̫
ʱпȥ̨壬Ȼ˵ѾɨѸϳʦˡԴЦתͷ͵͵ѻȷɨ㶼ˡ
֮׷Ѱ˴£ƾΪʵԲٿأศ׺ܶ࣬ܿ˿˿ܴ֮б纣¥ľ䣬һƺ˪ƵĽǳġ
Ȼ˶ѡ
üгЩ㵡
ԩ֮˵ɷ纣¥̽пԭа޵û׷ݵ¯϶ûһ㡣
Իºۼο˵Ľ뿴˵ûԼйصĽ̽ˣȴûа޵Ϣ
ʿɢعأһضᱻŹһ꣬һۼûС
ԭˣ۾һȻΪһ;òԾ
طӲݶûбӣǿԪӤڵʿ˸а֣ʵϺһҲǼȡΪãعصһĮޣ
룬гڸɽͷѰ崦ֱ·ӡÿһԾѪӹ̣صԭϯضֱѪ䣬һֱû䣬ֻЩѪ̱ϱ㽫ȫͬһʶС
֮ΪģԲʮӡ麣֮УϸϸѰÿһأʲôûз֡
ɽΪɽΪһһľûκ쳣
ûκʩĺۼ
ŲסʱɵڵأĿɽպĳϼ
ʱǵڶƻ衣
һ񡭡գޱ૵һ񡭡ô
һһߣӳƵǳ･ĹâЦǵ͵ͼЦǺεĿЦ

ǻɽȣٳٲеϼԳְ
һ˼ǰʲôûʲôֻһ꣬кۼȻпһʼǻпºĨȥ˺ۼҲпʩ֮˲ⷽԲʮڣ֣ƭ벢ӹ֮û˿˿ģлΪҾͨ󷨡
Щڴ˵ǧ֮ɱμ򵥣ҪĨȥԼϢȴѣԼеϢһ£֮ǰ¸ӵķɽ֮вſԣһҪάϰꡣ
˴£˵ұʦҪһЩ
뷨ԺУʱʮȤ˵
Ҿ֪ҵ򵥡ۣ˵ĳ룬ҡͷԵʦմˡ
һֱɵҹû̫ûǾǰǿղԴӴóëƤ£ȺСһ߶ǳָָ㣬һ˼Ժ
Ȼ˴ΣôլӱȻӲϵȥһ˶á
ȻȪɽȥãԼȻǶãһЩʦ˵ҪʮأŶԣǸŲ֪ǲǻڣҪʦ鷳Ҵûϵ
߶߶˵һѶûã²ʲ졣
ڸתһѰ˸۳֦۸߸𣬾غָĸȥģɾ֦ɵߴʱȻһ֦÷顣
ľмɢﻹֵʲôĩˣĿɿڴžһڽűߵľ飬죬ˢŭָķ򣬿ҲǺˣѿڶ
ӰȰ֣ŮΪߵǽĩڣĲźĺۣ϶صĻƣǴľ¼Ĳͼڡ
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˵󼸸ֺͦͦأָ˵ԼƵġ
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⻰˵ÿͿģɻ˼ôŭǾԼ·ȥôô
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·սˣȴǰװ׾ģͷûյһ
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PS:ĻģҪʦ


23 
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Ƿһ磬Ǻ«СվڳſڣϺͮͮǺ«ɢ˵ζǵòٽǵ˶ӿʡ
ҪƳһӳ߽ӰʱкȻһȻֹ
˹㣬һǲǰǸô
һƣᷢ·ЩطںƺǲСڻ￾Ҳһ˿Цⶼޣ˿Īһ
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򵥵ĺɫȹĵ֯ͰƮݣֻ߽źĴһСͷǺ«չһЦ󼸲ǰһסǰǸ
СЦԵߵǾɫŮӺǸ˵һλŷӦסԼҪԶǸ
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룬ͼǺ«ױƵĸʦǹس֣Ůӣͷߡ
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˵ǸƵ˭ǰǰ˲ʮ顣
ÿζֻҮۿȻĿߣƾǰƣˣǸгȥ

ȻŮ̫ˣĪ˵ǴԷһƬ½Ƕ˲ˡ
˶ǽΪΪ壬ǻȴǵиޣܱԪӤڵʿҪûüӾͱҮˮ򻹼ǵЩǰŵı飬ҮǳǳЦݣ·ոֻ˸ͷһ䡰˵˲̫á
֮Ϳʼ򣬿ڵһ仰ǣԭ֮ǰƭҡ
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PS
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24 
˷ԭɽʣ˷ԭǱߣɽȴҪѰԵʿɽͷУǴ඼ɽš
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һߵģΪȻ񼶵ķЩڣʮ˶ȫ༸˿·ûлӦͥɣȴء
һҹڼɽǰһᣬ׵ɽȸߴɵͭŽŽסط·ߣҪϣɡ
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ΪģʮǻŷɳʷĹâΪһдǰűһ죬ͭžǿгˡ
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㵽ʲôˣΪʲôҪ㣿ԽԽˡ
Үҡҡͷ˵
ƷԸģ
ǵġһᵽˣҮɫ޸лǰƣҴŻǣǰȴȴ
סۿԷۿһȻ뵽Լ˱ˣæתע⣬ô˵һֱûҵ㣬Ϊʲô֪гйأ
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Ҷ۳Ϧദ㺽֮ҶҪгǣԸ룬һ·ңδ뿪½ϵһж棬ÿһҪϺܾãҶȴû˿ͣӦչ˵΢
ΪҲϲңʲôʱȢңǽΪ¡
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˵ϲʦСʦ峤ӣЩ˵©죬ݺԼһѲżʱ
˵˵˺ܿ£ɲʱ򱻲˵ѡ
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˵ϲŮӣҴˣҶ˵һһڵĳӣͽǺѣһΪҲ׷ӣԲ˵Լ⡣
ǰ˶׵˵
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ϣ˶࿴ʦۣҶۣ˱Ҫ⣬ûʦ䡣
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ǰѿˣݰһ¥̻
ôţ򲻽һӻ
ұһǸʲôˣȻҮ˵Ҳ۽δһתǺˣȻͰ乴ᣬһǱƭˣ
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ͼ廰ȴ߿еҮˡ
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ɡ
ŬѳĻ˵ڣһУһ
ԭ⡣ɤС
̧ͷֻѣ˳Ⱦڵƽǧ̶ɢϢΨһɰѪһѩԭϽеůɫ
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PSְĲοϻʶ㣬ĳ̶ֳ˱Ӯң
ɫǳˣﲻһдģЩطû


25 
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ףɻҮ
ԭȱŭı鱻ãռݣ仯֮죬ƽ̲סҪЦϼȻȴҲ˲ϣɿѰԲ
ĽҰľڣҮͳ֮ǰްֽ飬Ǿ仰ȻֻǶ˵ģ֮ǰʲôֻ֪֮ʵ㲻ʶĹһӾͱ𴩡
οվǰҮһۣ·Ǿɫֻһƽƽľ׮һ㣬ֻҪϹӻɵӣһۿ˴ǰضʶġ
˵װɵƲϵǲܵģƴڻݸǲܡ
ԪӤΪһɰ˷ƶҲڶοģ£Ĩɽ֮˪ѩȴָɾϢȴģ²ġֻŹӴԵˣܲŮӵݡ
ҮϹӵҲ㲻ɵ˿룬ֿ˿üͷ¶Ȼɫ
㡭Ǹ룿
·ʱע⵽ڳˣתҮƤûһ£ǡ
ʹɫǸֺһסָ͵͵Үɫ
ֻգգۣϵã֮ɫȥȡ֮Ǳ֮ǰǿҵŭ
ƭңθ˺üȣһϵƮͳȥ
ֵͬʱһХɳϻһĺۼƮԼƮϵǧ֮һΪ
žذš
Ϊɽʿ˵һգ۵Ĺܷܶ¡
˵ˢؽʮöչΧɷ֮ͬʱȷҮ󷨽ȷߣֻԪӤǱзӡʦ˶û
˵Լɽϵ￪⣬ٽ֣ٵ·˺һС
ٱ˵ҮֻʣصƮָ˲ԶİŮӣŭеһڵĳˣҲѰøģ
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ͣȴԶҮһĳһٲȻɺ֦⣬üͷһĵãæԳ˵ʦ󡣡
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ǰϰʱΪά֮ҳö֮Դ˵䲻ͨʿǰһ֪˷һָնԷķλеľŹ
ΪΪڣ۳帴۳塣
Ůӱ¶һ˲ԷΪԶԼ֮ϣ֮ܿܲǰֵ֮ĺŮˣҾȵʱ㡣ڷ˳˫ѹΪܺͶԷƴôУɽ룬ŮȫԿ֮ϵΪڵָʤҲ̾ԭĽŮӻгĺˮǰֽͬΨɵ֮۳еֿĿܡ
ָзɿ컮ģһÿһӦڵķλԷĿԶ׼һʮö©ۿŮαƽⲻæңȴδ¶˿ңٶȼȻɣڽһȷλסһ˿϶ʱˮһ˲㽫û
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Ҷ͵͵ܳǳôôԣԷЩͷҲδɡԭֻʩС͸Լڶ˵ȴֶԷгǵͷǣһŭ֮³ֱԭҲʩͷµѪԪȴɥǳЩ˵ôһ¶ˡ
ǰϲˣȴͰ乴ᣬҮÿÿͺ޲ô֮졣
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˫ڵɣǽУˡ
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ʱĶסˣǰһֱʶָ󣬿ʶʧˡ
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һ£ֻҪΪȻƫǧץסƫһ˲ģˡԻϾʶ֮磬ʱ˼ϤѲ¹ۡ
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ǽ֮ƱڵصƷǧƬﻹʲôԻĵá
һ̳ƺȵÿģգۼ¥̨ҷ𣬶еҲϮİ£ãȻգգۣδӦǰһľͷ
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ס֣ںʲôĺó۴ҮУҶˡ
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ûвģЦֻΪǰĳЦ
κ󣬳ȥ̵һߵͽϻûǰʩȥϵˮƣˮ妣篸ǵĵطʪ͸ˡ
ͷڶͷסˮϷһˮë϶մˮģȫȥ
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ͻˮ̳ȴûӦһ
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泤һˣһ̾ͼȥԼϵˮ˳һ㣬Ūӡ
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ţ¼һ˵ȻȪɽȱ
˵ʱԤϵø̣վͳ˹أǸŮ飬غѭҵµѶϢԻȪɽҶʱĴѰҮ٣Ŵº֪ἰŮҪҵˣǵʱһλ϶ڣ̹׺鷳װ֪һͬɽѰˣ˺˷ͷѰңû֪ĶʱϵֹҮ
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Ƴһǰһ߹ˣע⵽ǰҶԼקӲŵҮδɢЦ⸴£
ֻβǵ죬ǼƵζ


26 
λҮĳĹѣðĳλҶ۸׾ϹеĿɿ
ھǳ滰ѹϵƲһɶ
øѣΪʲô֪ôΪȻƲƲ죬Ц֪Ҷôأ
һԵҮٶȱûƤûˣҶߣ֮α׿öˡ
ĸȻവһʱ
йڣֻҪǳ˺Ƥĳ̶ȣһ붫鷳ƽ¶˺ԷЯþͱҶһĿ֣ǶѶ˻ȥ
ʱҶô˵šΪڡ
ôھʲôҪҪ
ҶԼĪҲǱˣƫͷƺȥɫ
ֻǰŮվֱ࣬ǰ֮еŭǾŵĮ϶˿ټǷӵĽϻôվǣȴվڼԶɽۡȻƬǰҮ֣ΪҮçײЩȴ˷Ƶ⣬·ߵһжƵġ
⡭Ҷۺ¶ЩɵɫʹȻһشЩ¶ˣȻǶʦͽȴʶ˶һгĵλ֮ƽ˵ûʸ̸ģԽɿģаҪڵӡ
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Ƹ༴ɹԪֿΪķ꣬ǲɶõҩгֻսĳ䱦ֹΣÿζĳʯĸ߼ۡ
鵤ҩһڵȻûеģֻӶ˵Ҷһ־Ƹ࣬źۼƳҮһۣǺеҩ˵ʲôֲ˵ģв¶ɫ
ѽѽŮ˲Ϲ
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˸˴͸жµؽˣȴȥãָ󣬰ƤЦⲻЦһҮ׷ƸɾȲʦҿǻȥ̫ʦ˼Ҹʦɡ
ѡġҧرأģָ֪
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㣡Ү̲סˣҶ˳ֱָ̧ҧг㡭һڲôթ
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ͲðʧǸôˡ
شϵĻ綼պ꽭ײ̨ȴסʱΪͻԪӤĽջһеĵһˣĸʱ·סһȾͼǿЩһġ
յʦҲǸڴܣȻǽçײˣһ־ҪҲίʵ̫һ㣬ǰȥͽָ˵ֻǴԼļ֣
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ʱûж֪֣ȴ֪и䱦ͽܣǵģǵһɡ
Ҷ˵ֻǸ΢С붼Ϊ壬ؾͲһˡ⻹лŮ޴ɣڻֻ֪£ͷһǿɾ½ֻ֪ԣ鷳
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ʲôϲϲģֱһҡ
ҶǸӶըȴҪǿ̷ģԽԽģܻû꣬һѾЦڵء
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Ҷ۳ĬƬ̣ȴƹ⣬ʵΪ֪ң
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ȻͿҶһһ罫Լг룬űĻǼĴ³
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ʦǡЦ˵طתͷͶ˫޲ĺ
ڿƺڵǸǡĻƽȻһЦ֮ǰ˿ʦź㣬һ׮ʦû˵ʲôȴЩЩ̫á
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ʱ㽫ǺҶڳ˺Ҷʱ磬ķ͸棬ֻӲӵģžʳָ󶯡
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ˡ
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Ů˱ʯڣŶȣǺҶԼǰֻٲȻѱҧһ顣
ǿȸһɧĺȹǴֺ˼ҶԵĲҪ硣
ǰ˭


27 
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ۿŵռߣŭգһ߳ſھȻȴ쾡µʶʱΪһԾ䣬һ㣬ֻ¶ԴŰ졣
ʳﱻ֮ǰͲˣ˿ִ֣̼εĽΧľϸһ㺮˪
ȴǰ㶼ûٴеļư㣬ֻͷԣһҶеļɨȥһس˿̧ƳͳһۣʺĴ¶Цݡ
ĨЦԴˣȳ밫ôһ㣬Ӹպÿ԰ԼصʵʵһƬ½Ƕ¶ȴһĿʵС룬㲻𣿡
ԭĻֻ⣬Ů˰ֻҪֻ
ʲôС룬ʦ
Ȼԣ뾲Ĭ֪ʦǲ֪ӦԱԵư˾˵վһѳӣ˺˿鼦һ
ϧϧұ˵¾ء䵹ûź̾˿
̳֮ߵڵأ౻ĿžŨľ㣬ֱ꣬ٶȴӳС̽Դ
Ǿ̳ԼĪһֻ룬ھ̳ϣһֻڰ峺Һ嵹ӳһ£Ƴ»һ㡣
ҶдһڵʮΪѰѵһƷ̳ȴҪ࣬Ϊ̲̽˶ŵ۸ƲƸࡣ
ѵõǣ׷ΨΪϵҲǹѵˮ̳ȴ緲Ǿ㲻˵һ㣬ԶƷеĴζ
ƣȣⲻڻþп
ֻϧǰֻ֣ĵ롣
Ȼֻ룬˭ְ֪ǲˣʲôС
ƤǺܺ񣬵ӲǺܴϴλӣ͵ˣһ¶ǣ俴һִ粽볤뱳ģЦ˵Ϊʦû𣿡
ϴβǲ֪ǸôƲƲ죬ֹɻδ죬ӰһΣԭڵĵطֻһĨǳǳӰͬһ˲䣬Լǰһգ˳ȥ֮һĻߣϮ½֯һ
ϴȣεмʿֵĸоģĲӰֻܸܵӿâƺҪһж˺ѡæгԼʵʵסûĸӱȽϺã֮Ƕ˵ͣսѾˡ
ֻվڳִǹѹסã󻺻ٽؽϻϻЦɣ֮£뿴ͳִֹۣ֮࣬ǽףƺŬƽûʲô飬ȻѸһ㱡
۸ʦһ˲ŭˣҲͳΨһŻ񼶵Űȥ϶ԷɵŲŲţ볶Լǰס
ĵľǳˣֻӲջöŰܻŭ֮˵ˣ㡢㡭޳ܣ
ֻ˵ǰģһʱԼӵġ
˴˱˴ˣĻҲʦ氡ԽԽģɫ㳩ЦȻƬ̺زȫΪһͼһɵɫиһ˿ζǹһѹû˼Щڵء
뱻ΪѹƣָãӲ˼ͷǷ˫㾶ֱ磬ˮԷһ䣬ɫ԰ףĴ͸һ˿ѪɫټţƱҪ
Ҫתˡ
˵ʦûãԼѱɣԹϸҾ͡仰δ˵ͻ䣬ǷЦûάֵתȡʲô
һѪէȻ֣϶£Ƶģ볤֮仮ѪЯŽХƳ붯һΪ
𣬾ɱ⣬ƽɱĹսˮɽ䣬ĹˣÿһѪɽһһʽ
סٽǹ侹ͻɱƳ࣬һͷ˿ΪѩɫУͫΪһߣֻǹٽ̳ϴһʽֻǴ˴ûзľ룬ǾֱƳǻصһǹ
͵Ĺȴܲˣֱ̡
ѵһ죬ֻɽͷֻһգ۱ָƽɢѻָڷģǹڳ䣬ǰһͿԴ̴ʺ
վ֮ѱѪȾ죬ɴѪϹ䣬ɼǵĴԽ˶ոǳð䲻Ѫ˽ˣǵвΪ;綼Զס֮ǹ󣬱ǿ֮ĩ޻֮
ǷҲܲѴ֮ɱ룬ȴ¶Щɻı飬߶ⲻð
ʱûаѪɫؿڲסȻ֮޷ʹã˫ڵȴδ¶˿⣬ֹˮսҲһƽȡ
ʹԪӤ۷ҲõˣԪӤڵС޻վţվñֱͬĥõĽһ㡣
תβ˵סļʩһѿԷ˼ȴײǹ
ҵǸҵǸնðǰԭԽ֮١޷ĲФͽһյ٬ھ͹ԹԵǸ˫־ٹü˸޿޵һĿЩڷ緶
ţƺȳ֮ǰϣΪʿ㼸¾ܽжԷɢɴʱȴǹиֳζȻ⵹ϡˡ
ʲôϡ治ϡģǰҪٸһʣʱȴû£ǸûȰ俪ڱ㱧ųʮ⣬ҪȥҴеƸ;ŵǰԵ
뱾ǿţʱһɢȥҲûʲôά֣վҲվס³һѪ˹ȥæ¿Լͷн֮ɫŨأæҺòײóһƿҩȴ˰סˡ
ǰ䣬״ʱŭӵҲһȭȥ˻
ƸЧ̫ˣɡһֲƿҩһƴС«
ʲôʱ߰οӣ־Ǿƣ϶Ѱģŭȴ˲ϷֻǿŭһѽǺ«ȥѰҩ
鷳סǺ«ȻһӣҲˤΰأס룬ָں«ϵ˵㣬峺ľƽзɳ볤УھƱ㽫˵ĺ«һɲĶͷվҵðٶȵأĩ˻赭д˾䣬л˳ʦз
Ƭ̲ͣЦø죬Цˣֿ˽һҪסȡһö뺰ڳģеĹ麣ͬʱһְסȥ˹
˼ʱתǹųƴӽ߳һͼ˹ҪˣԼǸʿˣʲôһ֮ãǳȭͷ
ʦʲô
ôûӣɵܹûشʣЦôʵô㹻ӻȪɽ˰
ʵһ㶣պʱԼƺȷ뿪ģվվסһȣˣһᣬ¶ʹİûڵ顣
嶯£嶯£еˣȻҪӲһ£һڵӣǰ𡣡
ǣƨ䲻ΪȻЦһǰ˼£ֶôֻһī
ޣźģҵļ۸ʦ򲻸ʾǺȥ뷴ҲӲˣԻȥԷʲôɫ
һ᳤룬˼°ͣ¶ЦݣԣҸո˵СʦôһĵģȻָֻ׸ô󣬲Ҳܿɹˡ
˵Ȼһָ׸ôǶ
ʦҶôܲô㣿ˣ˫ſ˸Ȧдʵô󣡲Ȼ
û˵ȴϡ
Ȼ˭թʱ̻ǰɣ
ǡԣһУʶ˵ͷϵĻЩѿڶܿͷӦʱĿڣзЩģǣ
յţ̫εĺǻӿڳһСľͱץص㣬ڨЦӲתƻ㲻Ҷʦʲô㡣
׹ΪһïżȻΪϹиν󱯴ϲͬԴͬ޵ıĵΪ޵ģÿͻһ㶼ǧػв߻ħķա֮伸ܴڣ˼һͬޣʺ׹
׹Ķлһ«٣ĺ«ֻаƴСïʿһźŷʢмȻ̺κʿƶ⣬Ǿƣ׹ҲΪ
һʦһװʲôģǵû¶м֮ɫü
ұû߾ʦ˲ֵʱд費𣿺αС֮ĶȾ֮䷭˸ۣ˿ھƲϻֻ붺Сޣ˭֪ԷƤգҲգһ¾ͺʯ٣ŵˡ
ֻ֪ڷǼ鼴е£һΪ㿴ʦˡӣ䲻ðôһ䣬һƵĲһ䣬ԣ˵Ҳܺӳǽ
ʲô䱻⻰һС˾룬һֵľƣĶˣһ۵ɵ˴˼죬Ҳһ𣿡
Լһơ
⣬˵©죬ʱѾˣסȥǷ۾
֮У׷ʽ
ˣԭҮˣ
лҪ˵ʹҿ
ѽƽȹɵȻһּʦһ
⡢еñʧΪǣǱȻģ


28 
ϹţƹڤصΪˮ죬ഫ뷲ӣۻƣ㻯ǱںضܣԷܺǰΪ񣬺߼ˡ
ҪȡΪ׽ٷܵɣΪȴӵȻݺѪ֮еսʽ΢ǲСϹʱڼսУ˲УΪ磬֮ѪһͬǰϽ硣
һЩᵽΪ½磬аϺ˵һ֧½ĿȣʵԶнѣ£伣żͨ˱ȴǴӲټö֮˴̸֮һҲΪʿã֮ˡ
ݴ˽òз˵ѲϺʱˮȣҴһƳΪˣʱʢĻʦݿŮ֮ۺͼɺĦãȴпֻӦУǹֵҲϡ
ִ֣Ա;֪١
ʲôʲôִԣҮȫԵϡ
ֲڱտھǡʿ֮ġȻص˵ͷһֱΪҮʿ֮һ
޶˵ࡱǳơʿ
˲סϺ𣿡뵽ϵļأδἰˣᵽսɱ¶飬Үڶ
ƺ˵İ֮Уûʲô֪ҲһǨ㵽˶ء
ڶ𣿡һѪץҩ
֪ɰͰͶ֣Ǵʲô˵
ûŲţԹ˼ʵİïһڶѰˣ²ûǣ¶ˡ
ǰţڵд붫صļ֡
ҮҶۣïԼ
۾һЦĪǺͱŹºйأʱĺʵˣ
º߰ٶǰǰѰһԵ뺣˽ӽİ꣬ҮǡǸʱΪïֶ鵺˵º뺣ʱïҲڶ
СʿڶϰǧעĿɹºߺïֽǶڴܣһԽƬ췭ظĪ˵ˡ
һֱӣǰЩ̬һɨգ´͸ŹŹ֡
ûë֮ʣȻЦ
ЦʲôĪ
ûʲôֻôû˴ˡЦһһĩȻװ㲻ȫǷϡ
ôˣŭˣǷϣûС
Σ䲻ǰǰ㷭˰ֻ֣ȥ˵˰ˣҺȾƣҽã΢͸¶һЩ
ºԶһ½ʱ۷֮⣬ïֺ֮±Ҳȥ˶ʱº뺣භ֪ԭίû֣ڼԶʶսżȻŭ֮βûûʿϢˮˣٿغº߲·磬ïֵʦھĴѰϹ飬̲βˡ
ӵ֮Ѫǣïּ̳еĵһζҩѪҩ䲻֪αȻ˼ʹԵ뷽跨ҵһּѪԷΪ͹ºͬٺȺ֮Үžʱɢ鵺ġ
سЦǲɵֱҪѪ֪ĻΪҪ
һΪȻط̫ûͶ֣Ƕں·棬ѵ㻹ʲôõķ𣿡
Ȼùºභʱ֮˽ãȻŻסѪ
һɽϹۣȻֱСš
򵹺ãôЦԼ˵бթǶı
ƨ䷭˸ۣȾơ
һö˵ģü˿ھƣʵºΪλ˽Թ
˻ξ룬ҡҡͷҾĲ֪ˣǶϢģҲ֪Ǵ˻Ǵ˹ʶ֮º߻һڱأǱʲôö֪Ҳǻ˳۾ʹһܰɡ
Ϊ˶һô뷨Ϊмһˣ˼ҲҮ֪
ȥ߿һ½ƺˮһһȸͣʱԳ⣬ںˣ˵һԾΪҪȥҮȴʲôһһ֣Եž̳ˣˣ֮һ±ȽΡ
£
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ȷЩϳ֮֮ԵһΣ½֮һ˸ҷλΪΪһͬԶɽҲ㲻ְɣ
ǰʹţΪأֻ˵ǱȽΡ䲻֪뵽ʲô˵˻ʱһ˿ȴЦʦǸ֪࣬طжʿΪһΪͷѪƴϧҶ۸ЩʯҩʮȥҲӿţãĿŵ˽̶ûһ
ȣʦ֪նܡӣ˱⡣
˵ԼδʯҩõʱǷǳֱ׳ģ񱻰һᣬȴЩ˼ֻϲԸ
նķĪҿֻհʦŷܲ
ʦͽ
Ůô̱Ҫŭˡ
ʦͽἸн䲻һҸˣֻҪֶˣСͽܡ
ҿľŰйʦģָдʵʦָҪΪͽģĽûãߣ
С񲻺ðɣûġ
ǹ𣡡ˤ룬ʼˣҲʹһ£ͶҧУʦ׷ǹʣеòӡ
ҵľƣҵĹȻҵͽܣزܺСˣ
㣡ǱΪ潣ŭһڱƺǰԼʦҲȥˣЩףֵǿѣʦӣôܵͽܣ˵Ǿƺ͹ïֵôͱˣ
ҷľҵġ治ɫЦȻΪ£ʲôң˵ǲǰФͽ
ŷӦŮưȦռأʲôʦʦǡүү˼
ˣĴʲôˤϵĶʱȴȻŮץסԶ볤˹ɽۡ
ʲôһקεЩͷΣǹģûиκηĽ磬ôץӰˣת˺üȦӡ
ȻǸǹͽܻ¡һϯضǱ˽һľ̳һţкȾƣٵãȻһ˺̫ˣֻϧû¾Ʋˡ
ſ챻ˤɢļŮһǶôأֳԵġ
ʦá
һ뵽룬͸ˣ´εøʦƲԾΪϣ𶯲ͺġ
ʲô£ʣֻ೤һǴЩģָճΪͽζ˲ϣߵ±쳤
Ȼɱˡ
仰䣬㿴һڻŲڵķ
ɽ֮ϣ޳ûǾΪ˲ͣ
ʳ˵ޣʦ˹ôͽܵ𣿡̧žȥ߰䡣
ǽȥó涣ҧ˶٣ֻԼȾƣȹ˲ŻûԣȴûӣҪʦȻѡڣҪ˹һ̣ʱΪ档
һʱ̲Σգ£һڣôôо飬ǲûˣ
һۣǸ˵ӿЩ˵㾫ʱҮ˵Ȼޣޣʦûн̹е𣿡
֮ɣʶ˺󷽿ɻΪΣҲʿĹ׽٣ɹ߽ΪޣʧܵĻξ𣬻ѱޣǿ󣬵ϰҰޣΪһ
Ȼ֪ģзĵ伮֪ʦԳ¶һ޽֪˵ȵ;˵ķ˻һЩ
໯֮ʱΪͬĩڵʿ޴н𵤳̶ȵΪʶȡı棬ʳԼʿΪãܴﵽ̶ȡ
ʱΪľͲһ¡
ǧǰòལնɱһֻޣֻޱӵرɫʵ
ֻʲô̶ΪʣֻóɢɷԼֿܵĳ̶ȣڵжͿˣֻڰ䡣
һ䲻ʹĻش
ʦôһ㡣
һ㣬ԪӤڣչһھƣһ±Ǻסˡ
ʵǴιʦ޵ɣ
ԣʱͬȳ̶ȵʿƲס
ڣʦһͷ١˱֤̾һֻЩ֡
ʲôôʳ𣿡ûʲô
ΰûǺĽ
֮ľһ£ߣսɱ˶ˣɷأϵɷɱֻ޻ز١ΰûϹϹغ۵ȴɱһţἰʱɫŻ֮ǰСǽȻɱ⣬ȴûУĪ˵ɱ⣬ǵⶼûУ˺ѲⰡ
ٿʦĽ
ǡ
Ȼ˽ĸ¥̤һ˲·սĹսɱ⽻֯ܲ͸ȴʤΣ䳹ǡ
ǳ֮
ԪӤ˽ꡣ


29 
ޱһźֻ֣ϡó㣬еĹǴ̣˵ǰ㣬þǻһƽ볤벻ʮɴʼδйΪǱʮɵľתһһ顣
ڹ۲Ρ˽͡
Ϊޣ֮ƻı࣬ܿǸʿ˹ˣԪӤΪջԶܴڵķգĵصȴţһ߹۲츽ĶһѰһᡣ
ԼϢΪ֮Զܱȣǻ˺üնûзڡ
ǻ࣬ҲѲµ˵ԪӤʿиڸţοʶޣȷûκв󣬾ڳһߵط£ʱʯģ
۷ʯӡ
զྪữô
㲻ѣҪάȴףͬΪǰвͻ¶˿Ī˵Ϊġ
ȫȻڲɷʯѰʿҲ԰쵽
ȻΪΪʲôܻôãһ಻ֵģֻھֹʱʯ٣һжɷ֣Ϊ塣
˵ɣ˵߽ʿҲֻزҲᱣһʣǶᣬȫȻòж磬ɡ
Ҳǡ˵ͷ°˼ΪʶһξԷˮһ򵥵ļһŻ޵Ļƽƽ档
ˣȤѵʲô֣
οֻǵָһ˲£ʵ֮ӽ󣬴󲿷ʿ任òʵֻԻ룬ò֮٣ǱϾҪıԼѪǣ֮˵Ľ츳ϢϢأвתı仯صӰԺ
ΪҪԷˮһ򵥸һӦʲôϹ
ҲҲҡͷ츳ɡ
ĪʲôᣬҮ治ʱʱ׾ôһ룬Ǳʣ˭
˰ѻεҳ㷹Ȼǧٸ֣İèʲôУ֪ĸ
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ҾͲ֪ˡЦЦʮֻЦ˺һŽ͵˵˵걡鸺ң˷ֺ󱻶ԷѪ˶䣬Щһغ֮ʹӲԱʾˣ㻽èá
ôҡӣЩ鰮ôô£Ǹ׳ҲǣһԲϾʹɱɱģǰòοҶ¶İϡ
䱻ˣԼĪǺгǲ̣Цø⿪ģҶۻǰʵûȷǰ˵㣬гһ˰ɡ
뵽ΪϵĶƾСģ٣㸽͵ص˵ͷػһתóε˭
è֮ǰ˵©˺üأʱ˸ۣſھǷܣԵĻܻ֪ģʦòָͱǼһ￴ˣʱʦʲô
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ҿɲ¡һأûʲôɫҧгݵҲϲòܼôͽܡ
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ʵ츳ߣǳԿСԪӤΪһڸеף㽣ֲΪƣչûзı죬һ㾳˱ѹǱȻ
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ͽôģֻǳͽ޶۵ʦûԼʦɵͽܡ
ǾʵӣֹƴŽǾϵĴȥӲһǹɵʲô
бһۣƤЦⲻЦǰû˵ʲôʦͽھͰʦɵӿˣҿӦǧŲŶԡ
ǧа֮ף󣬺аڲкȣǧΪȴ߱ʦһΪֶͨγȥʦΪ֮λδյӣҲ֪ǲΪصޡ
˼ݺݵس˸ĵƣޣ·ͼҺοȥֺá
˼ͼͲ·ˣ
Ųᣬôô˵ƨ£
ȾЩ꣬ĵͬһֺܹŹֵ
ʲô֮ͬʦͽ֮飬˿Ķ볤ֻΪĽĿˣô껥֮¶Щ飬Щǰǲֵһᡣ
ԳϼģֻΪԷԶȡˣóҲֻԵʡּʯΪгʦܽչѸ١
벻ˣ˭ȥı
п룬ܻȡ࣬߱ʦʲô
ȴе˷ꡣ
ΪķǵĻش˵˻˵ڳϰΪ˵ǰȻӦ÷ⲻФ֮١
ȴѿڶķоģǰʱԼƵżЩʧ˷ִ磬ʱ³˲϶룬ʱһ𣬱
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Ͳܲһ·ϼ˰˸飬Ү룬䣬ݺթһٵҶ۶ûŹ˳ֹԹ˳ʮʮ顣
ǳǵЩֵֹˣǧ϶ǳĴ
޹أҪ¡üͷǿһ飬һһ٣оĪɱһţԶƽʱǰ˳޺ɢһ˵ϢҲմȾϼȻɵĲпᡣ
Ȼһ˲Ȼܿʧ˵Ҫˣ㲻Ҫ˵
ǻٲȻǸΪ΢ȴ޷Сӡ
˵ıۿʼɵϢһüǷݴԣ˭˶Ǹ˳޺Ҫ˱ӻŮ
ǡ䲻÷ЦԶԶƳһ۳룬ֿ˿ߵƬ̺̾һüġ
ǹܻǲأԽԽҡͷƱ⣬˼տҲľ룬һ뵽ʲôЦ˼˰ˣѵȤ£ֶΪ
ЦЦǱޣ˸ζȻĶ⡣
ϢϺüԼԼʲôƢֻһķתͷȥǷϼӷһ۲Ϊгɽﳤȥ
ûֻС߶治Ǹ
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˲ǸҲ£գգۣڳ¶ɻģǻ˵׾پ͵õԼҪġ
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Ǹµ˵ˣ뿪ķһۣ˹ǣʵ˵˿˵ѱزںˮ룿
⵹ǡҡҡͷֵܿҲ˶٣˵Ǻˮһڣ˳ҩ
ˣʲôֱأʲôڣҩˡ
˴Զһģһ˵ˣȤ
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Լ֮֮Ⱥյ㡣
лҪ˵ҷӹһԲϾƲʦ
Ұһ㲻أȰɣ˼ס


30 
Ȼǲ¥ĲˮѵζȺˮ磬Ӳҧҧĥ˺һӣͼسǶ˳滮·ߣŶһͭˡ
Ǵͭ廹Ӳ¥̨ģûһ߶ţİá
ôѳԵĶǮûǮͲˡ
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ϣǻûʲôͨӣи˵ˡ
ɫɫ˵˵òҲɫɫһⶼᵽ˺ˮԼء
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ĳûбŵĵط˸⣬طͣ뿪ϾĽֵҲֻɨˡ
ΪЩųֻΪɻ޾ͨܿԽǧΪʱͲһɷڸԼ
һͷޡ
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֪ôࡪʱе˼֡
ֻڵޣȻԪӤӦɴʱǶֵĺʱ
ǰҡУΪľЩ˵˵ע⣬ùЩʱգЩ˺ܿѾóȻԸޣֻлɳˡ
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һʱ䣬ֻޱֳΣ̬죬֪ԭȺӣǴ໥ɱʱʿϢʱͬһͬ׷ٶһҪͬʱԸֻԼܿڰʿ
ԵѰʿԵǿУȴܵһɷĵ˷ܣܵƽɷۣǳɫвԾӹһ˿ȡ
ʱйĸܣʱȻԵҲǼԽĶ֣ǴҶ֪ҲᷢصĽԵȴδ֪
׺ɱֻޣ޷ԤЩ˵˻ȡʲô취Ͼδܵ˿ʿϢܿ϶ԷһȡʲôжҲѡڶԷΧľʱ֡
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־Щ˶ʱҪߣȴ븽ɽͷ޵УʯͱڵأǱڰеһĸʿδӦʱУһΪͣصԶƲܣȴ׷ϴӷɽϳ䣬ˤʯϣǶΪأʱ
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ס˾ĻΪ󣬴ʱֻ޺ʿʿǲȴֻ˺ޣʱ󣬼Ϊߵʿſȥûһҧһ˵ʺûоͶϢ˱˵ûʲôȥ˼ֻӴܡ
Щֻ˲һʱ䣬ʱǡôױ˵߱Ǽʿܣ󹦸ɺֻЩĪĿһɨա˺һ˲˸ǷٶһöȥЩʿһʰˣظоŵĵ
΢ĲҡεҪվȣľžϵϴžһź
ԼŻȳ
лҪ˵ʵҪ˵Ļֻ˵Կʼ˰wwwwwĳ̶
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һʼͽûûΣʦͽδ·˼ұͷûУX


31 
޳ֵ̫̫ͻȻֻһɢŶɺڱҰűеһʹ
˵޼ʳǰʿǵΪȻ㲻ʲôҲʤޣǳǰҲſھҧ˵ҧ˵̣ޣԴ˻ͽӶУڴֵǺ¼־Խֱ۶жԪӤʿʵͷЩѹԽʿǣȻ˲ϸöԷأǹֻƾıܺȥ˺ҧ
òݵᣬŮȴѪ֮ڣ˷˵ɲԽд˶˵ȥ޺һ˲Ѫɡ
һĻȴٳûз֪Ǳ߸첲̧ס򥣬ס򥣬һһ罫޵춥ǶѪе˳
˵ļѾоʹ֪˶ԵʣǰжҲùΪʹ޷޷˺ݲܲҧһڣȻĿ׺ݸδǱһӣԭסЩ޺ʿϤεضһɺײ޺䣬Ȼʶһɿ˲䣬ӻ˳
һ޾ͺݺݱպ³ݣңײѵľ죬ֻʳ˲ϣſʼˣûʿͱǰľŵ̱ڵ϶á
żһ˵֮ززŶԣǵûܣƬ̼϶̤޵Դ˫۾
Ѫɫԣŭɢŷ֮Ŀǵоʿ֮جΣȴƴʲôƵģǰצʱؿЦ
ֻһצ£̶ĿвһûУĿȻֻʣһѪžʲôըѣƶ
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ۺ޳ʹԻһ̱룬ͬʱǰһʼϲһצʵʵǽԼУﱬѵһöԪӤ򱾴Ըס޺ʿʱ˳־ͽС
ԪӤ䲻ҪȴҲһ࣬οԭˣڵϴʯײһƬվѪģ췢ͺ
ô񡣡ͷĴ̽ѰϢޣһӱö֣ǵЦſ
綾ӣӶûֻ֪첲ഹ࣬һֻųӣ߶߲ˡ£ֻ۱ܿЩ˭׽ɱĪ˵ʿֻ޶ǰ
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֪˽ʩ᲻˵ԼҲȥܣȫԼɱͷԼ˵޲ŸҪ
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ͽɱǺҡ°ͣԺٶŵЦƺЩů⣬һԺһвأΪʦҲñһ
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ڼֻֻˣԭǰĵǴɨûüдꡣ
֪жͽܣȻry
ǶңʦȻҰby realͽ



32 
ɽ֮Ԩɽվأ겻ֹз֮ʱഫΪϹ֮أǹɽͷײɢ֮ԪӤʿһ¶޷ܣΪⲻΪˣΪ̫Σգɽʢ𣬵һֱ֮أֱǧǰ½ٳ֡
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׻ƽϢʢɽͳΪһ˴ѵıأ½ȡ֮һЭ̺ǰַ϶½Ƶʹͨܵеùʮɡлˡ
ⳡƺƴַ֮Ϊǧ֮䡱Ϊⳡǧ˳꣬ҲΪǰȥɽǧʿлŻȥֻмǱ½ٷŻȥġ
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ǧȷӲ˲½ټ꣬ǲѱϳʱ
ջ𣬷ûϵ
½˼Ƭ̣֪ˣٽ֪ͨ
ǡ˵û뿪µһ¡֪
˵
ϵ˵ˣձ˷٣˶ˣұ֪ɶŲ
δ˵꣬ͱ½ٻֹסȻʣΪ
ǸӦһڣֻΪر˶
һﷹͰСв½Ц
ʱ亹ֱðɻδ˵ֻӲͷƤˣֱһڵĳӺ͡
˭
һǹĺŮˣ¾˵ǰˡ
䣿½üɫǲãʲô
²֪
ݵԭ򣬰һڵˣôֻǵˣȴͬʱҿల£ͷԡ
ˣȥ
ǶԸǷ
վɡ
½ٵ䣬ɫҲ䣬ƹɱ¾ɢϢ뿪ȴһ˿ζһš
̧ڵҹա
һ˿綼ûУ˫ǳɫͫеӳ˷ӿ
һƬ֣⿴ռأһ̤Уǧ·٣ϣȻٳ߸߿գڴ֮УǹʱΪ޹֣δóȻ޲У˼˱ï֡
ԺзɹղɵĲҩͻȻűһ߿һϮ·
䣬ô硣תӭˣ˫ſ¶ǳǳ΢Ц˵Ī˼ɼҹ£
˼ͷһۡ
ģʲôɼµģǼ첻Ƿҷ
ǡïȤ䣬ͻȻܵϢжʱɻ֮⣬ʵʲô
˸ͽܡ
ͽܣ˭ïϵЦݶʱס
Ϲͽܡ治ɫĲ˵ʲô޹ؽҪһ
㡭㣿ïֵЦʱҲסˣסſƫͷʹˣڲ̿Ƕҩϣ̾ϢǲҪˣЩװҩĴɹ޿ɾǶɸꡣ
ôһ˵¶Щ飬ƸЦӦòðɣʱ
䣬㴫һɤ
һڳ
Լ˯˺ܳһƺεʲôƺֻкڰ飬ۣԾıǴĨɫӰ
ʱŶתĿӣ͸ƵĹߣƺڵ׿ǳҡҷȻϸϸʱֻǺƵĳš
˯ۻţһ¼֮ǰ˵ĵطǴֻʣһǳɫӡǣں·˵ء
ⴲ̫ӲŻվš
üģǰΣĻһһͻȻһٻȥĳ嶯
ʦĲӣǽҪ۶ʦ֡
ȻֹһŰѽˤϵΣɶѣ񵽺ãĶˡ
ǶĴ߶ţĿ΢΢һ̧úڳڡ
մȥѪˣһɫָӡѩ׵Ƥϣԡ
ǳεġ
һȦӵˣҲΡ
ʱʶ壬ûϳʦֲȻ
Ӧˣȴʹǰ˼ָ̧Ƭۼָ΢¶ȡ
Բ𡣡ƬԼµϺۼ˵
ƿ֣ס䣬һ̧֣˳ֱۻ£һȦ벱һ޵϶ʱ¶˳һʱź֪ʶ򿴵ʲôһ̱һŵɫס˴գۼЩɫӡǾʧ١
ް˵űʵأвʣ
ң˿ڣЩʹ֮ûκ촦Ǳֱһѣظоʹ˵壬ҡҡͷоûʲôˣ˯˶ã
ʱ
ʱˣΪԼ˯ҹ޲ϣʱʱܿ¶мһ˵Ц޺һͨԭⶾôá
ȴੲݣǾҽ߳
ţӣͷͻȻӿһɲõԤУ˭ȵң
ʦͽ֮ʵȻʦͽ֮񣬲һڵĹϵǰװİ·ƺֻҪʦͽݣһŲҪֱĪ룬ͱúܼ򵥡
һֶʣïָһյ裬ǽ
֮󣬳ȥ򣬰ï־ڴ
䰡ΪʲôҲҪǲ裿ʱïͻȻʡ
֣ͬ
֮˼Ų豭һԲأٴеģʱһȥָʱ䣬ͻȻһѹ
Щ⡣
ĪĪïһڲ裬ֻδһ̰룬Ӯ
Ǿơ¶ʤȯյЦȻЦݻûάֶþͱһžľ顣
Ҷ
ˣѪաïϧҡҡͷȻ԰乴һĨȴ΢Цųá
Цƨˡ䷭˸ۣµĻ̌ï°Ϻݺݲ˼á
ԭ˵ȵģ֪Ƣã÷Ƣ
ï˵һӣֻ˵̣ڴܶ飬ҲùҲãֻҪϹһ̰ͳɣǵ͹Ƣ
ⲻһ̻˵ԲһҪͽܾͱףһ̧žͰߵ÷顣ⷿнӹֱֱ̣ӰѷӲˡ
һͼһɫӰָŰı޳ܣ
˴˱˴ˡƤЦⲻЦصΪ⻰ỻҵһ̧ͷȴһϺȻһ˿飬Щŭ·ֻǼһ㡣
Ű䣬˫ȳǳͫвů⣬Ȼչ¶͵΢ЦȻʲôûʲôû˵ôת뿪ˣŹŶû졣
ȴΪǸ΢Ц
ˡסͷгһ˿ûڣھͰҰɡ
ʱһֻУïУһŲïֶϢϷһɨգݸ䣬ǲܴһ㡢ͽ׷
ʲô׷һͷˮӹ
뿪󲻾óҲ뿪ˣЩڲĿѾɣҲûҪ׷Ųţɿ岯֮ºáһ׷
뻹ûƬ֣ͱסˡ
£ɫʵһӼҾҵϡãʲôûƵģҹУѣȴʯبޱ䡣
ôȥʲôǻˣ֪ʡ
ǻˣҵͽܡֱ㲻һһ۴һΣգ軤ȫ
䷭˸ۣ̾˿Щɸֵζ˵øʦͽҿء
벻ٶԣתⷽ뿪ΪȦҲ׷򣬿ɺܿĻͣס
뻤ԶЩȽϺãǧ㡣
֣Ļ両ϳͷ
һеǿкһһսָԼͷϤϢ
Ϊܴǧȣһա
Լ֪յʲô


33 
ˮԱһƬ󣬺ӵڶ࣬¿˿֯͵ͷҲ뿪Ƭ֣޴ȥҲ޴ȥԾغӶУ֧ѡһһҹ֪һͷıˮϡ
Щˣк־ø̫ģһʯһȥƽĺ÷顣
Ƕʯͷһ鲻ȫкһȦһȦþòƽϢˮһƬ
뽫Ժԭԭ˵䲻ʦͽ֮ʵԸֻܹһʦͷ˵ïֻһȥˮҩͽĶٱ˵ʦžͻȥ̫ʦʹ¡
ʦԼصӵ·ӱӦмǣǵ飬󶯸λ
ôôŮ˾ϲ⣬޷Źġ
ƽʹ֪ҾȲ㡣
ֵǺαôżʲôӲ裬Ѻ͵͵뿪𣿡
Ȼƽ𣺡Զš
ŭҲŲҪĪ͵˵ͽͽ
ɫƽһ˵Լã޹أֻ£㲻ܸ档
ʲôʲô޹أ
˵޹ؾ޹أ
÷ζҪըˣļҾҹԲˤžߡ
һһҹ磬侲
󽥽ָƽĺ棬ѹʱڳпġΪǻþɡ
ǲǳ¶ʶΪԼˣȴʵ
Ϊ˾ҸаΪ顪ˣ˼һ˲㱡
벢ʲôˣ˵ܸûƶĹȴȴ󲿷ɵӶ׹а
ΪһڵӣŹ棬㲻֪ؽģԼģ֮ʶʱѾˡһΪ֮ףŹȻд˲аΪ顣
ǿУһʱνʵ֮飬˽ⳤ룬֪һʱ£Ͳ£ίߣһʱһ
һ˵ζӿͷ
ôѳ׹뷲ƺڴǰ仯ûе㻶䣬ֻ̾Ϣ
ص̾˿վ
һһҹûпϢĽų̱ľְ׷ˣ񶼻Ӱ
ò˰ɡţǰô룬ʱһƳһһ֣ö֮ⲻ޿ܡ
ȻĿǱʲô°סˣ֪أ˼ȴڡϴת
ֻ֪ԼҲ²⣬ܷͷֳһΪڴŭšüͷ滺
򶨻˦һ䣺ƨ¡
鲻û¶ˣܻһ䣺ҸմֽǮɺã
ǳ룬ãίԼȵ͸ͷδɡ
ϾôĵͽܣЩĹεĲһ
ֻɷζȻﻹ֮ǰѻģһһһӣȻԼ˽𣬾ԾԾҪ۷޲̽г뿴ж
վǴ˼侲ţǿסǹɴУû̶ǷĴ
˵ףʲô˵ֻԼĵģٳٲµĿܾӶࡣ
һֿǰ;˱鷳
һֿǱסˣѾĻ˳ΪͽܿܲŲɸ˵Ļģ׷ų뿪ֿռ˰˳ϣϾïֵͨؽ¡
̫ţ˵˲ʦж˵㻰治Ҫɿ棬һ̲ͣѰҿ֮Ѱ˸Ѫͷ
һãֵ
ΪҪǶԷӲƴǲܵģ˼ǾȪɽͨλʦ㡣Ȫɽ·;ңԶĽų̣㸨ԼϵǶǴºˣЩʱΪҩ
û󣬿ɴ͵Ĵ󲻵ҪʯĿĵܴܿƫǧĵطС͵ĴԽ綨Ŀģ;಻һõġ
һҩͻȻƳһŴûİɫӣ㽫ȡϸ
һõУɢʯƵĹҫĿ֮⣬Ըоתĳ
ʲô
Ӿ𣬴յǰҿ춼ûʲôãʱкȻɳһ⣬ˮϣ;һա
ʲôˣָһ㣬ɳ
ֻ߽ڵϴʱ˸ӣһĻףöӣһϲ
СˣҿΪǳʱòڵøҰɡ
һζǸ޳βõޣǰǱˮУĶ̰ߡ
ţüͷӣĵ㾫û뵽ôȣֲҮҪ
ˣ㾫ҲҪġ
һ㣬ҲվӣҸ磬Ҳ䣿ЦȻ֪ڵʲôĶ㱻ȥһ˼ûмг齣ˢˢкȥ
޺ôǶ˻׽٣нΪһʿʱȻŭһͶһ̵ޣȥ
кͷ򲻵Ϊͣƽƽ棬ԭΪһͷȣɵʲôĽУҵģһ׽ֻԷܻ޿κΣ־شЦС˿ô󣬳ȥǻԿģø̽Ϊǡ
ٹذߣתΪƣƽֵ·֮ЦСˣúǰ˵ǲǣ
ڵĶԸڵģвֵĵ
ԽԽ⣬˵žȥɲž֣ϵЦͻȻסˣɲתΪ֣Ϊ֣ϵѸʧ
ǰȽϲб˳Կǣǳ¶˵Ĳп
һڸɽͷо󣬽һɵϢܵУ˼ǳأζӶ࣬һڸι̣ױ޾Ͳͬˣβδֲ̣ϰŵϲķԪӤ֮¸
һʼʾֻΪԶϣñߣʵѾ塣
ò˸ģôܲԸ
Ҽǵãûְɣסᱡֻ֣üۼ䶼ᣬǣһ˲кâһֻն
޳ʹŤؽײȻˮܣǳЦӯӯĿˮϣȻһ֡
ֻ¸ֳķģصΧסֻͽˮ粽С
ŽڵأЦŵһŻǻƮƮס޵ķУƿ𣬿һ̣ӿ
룬ΪǻΪƿԭ޼ŻͻȻ˸ߣæˮУ֮ǰֱ˲ֲֻһֲ֧̾סûͼѰƽֻܷ֮֮ĲҽУҽжûˡ
ڻпʱȴɵϯضźˮս֮Щҽţκʱų
һƬУһʬͻлֻܽճԭΣֱξ
ô󣬹ֲ޳ɾ̧ŽȻУע⵽ҽʲôŹ⣬
֮ǰǿŰɫӣһö䣬Ǵɨһۣʱһʯ֮࣬⣬һŰƴ뺡
ֱ׳ЩʯԼУȻͷȥ
뺿ЩֻʲôͼûУ룬һԵ̬СעһЩһ뺾
Ļƴӵһֳϣûʲô֣ͻȻһȣ
޳С
УĽâͷ£ӦҲ죬һУɽһߣͬʱϣ͵Ϯ֮˸
ˣ޳ܣʲôҳ𣡡һվͷ
һҪĶ˸֪ʲôСһĵŻȪɽȻŭɶ޲ԴïЩҾԷҵϡá
ɣͬŹʣƺҲʲôţ;Զˣ˺һǵͨ죬䷴˰ҲֱֻһС۾е뺡
׹Сôˡ
˶뺵ԭ͵û˭͵ģϾȻȻΪ͵ġ
Է˵ԭί˵󷢴ȱ͸˸͵Ķʵ棬ְ뺷ŽԼЦҼ񵽵ģǾҵģб
걻أּ޹黹֮⣬֮µὣ
һ¾ĵ
ԷԼһΪĵԷȣٶΡ
벻ڣû˻߶ʲôʦŹ档
⽫ΧסֻͻײȴôҲӲһͷ󺹣Ҳ˷ʱ䣬˦һ͵ſԷξ
û뵽֮ʣһ罫ߣͬʱһº͵ɤƶ˴
һڵСѣ顣
һŰɵĲԳ̧Ĳˣֻų£ƵɴԶϹ䣬мϯڵʵʵֻϡӰǸֹ
Сùã걾ŵɫɷףˣʱ˾һ˹ȥȻһָ򣬿ߵ͵Сùðֶ
סŻ̽Ů˵Ϊ񵱳ҮһΨŻܡ
С۲췽λһꡣ
ˣùôȥ̣
Ƭ̺Ůٶȿڣȴֶһָ
񣬿ɻǵ㣬²çײôһת۾ˡ
ϡǱЩ
ߣҲŮΪ֪﷢ʲôŻ˵
ֲ˵Ů˽ޱɱ֮¸̧꣬°¶ư̬˵ǰǵôӡ
ԭί֪Լϵ֪һڵӣԼ嶯֮Щǵһڣ֮໹Щ£ôһǺû˼죬ǣֶ֪İˣŮȿ˿ڡ
ȥǸֶ˵λСѣЩʯҲ޴Ӱס͵ߵģţȨǰĲֻ뺣Сѹ黹Ҳýⲻֶһ޳ɡ
ָʿҷΪӣȻȥ
Ϊīɽ̫ϡЩӡ󣬼ǵҲ֮һǱҲͿرԼ䣬ֻûԼǳĵӡ
ʮ߸ʦäĿݣǲΪãñ׷ʦ¡
ī嶯ݣƢÿȥҲ죬ɫǰ϶һʹƵģ뺺üɫһڸͽ־ס
֪ЩʲôЩƴĳΧס󣬾һ˿Ѽ϶ѰǾ治ѣͺްϲͶ˼䡣
ﲻ͵ôô£ʵĪĹùûڱϿţֱֻܲӸҵķΪ̺֮
ػûע⵽ϵŮǾ仰ƺ΢΢һ
ʱˣҾ͡ͿӦīǣȴһķϡ
֪ʱǲԣɴһǣһ˫ˮͫ
Ůɴ棬ֻ¶Ķͷһ˫ǿհ鶯˫ۣɴɤָܻƵģ⶯ˡ
ɫĴңСѹ⣬ˣ꼴ԵԸͬһ̣
лҪ˵ҪҪ΢ճʲôȥ


34 
ڣǼ鼴
һ˲͸ֳ仰ǲۺʱЩ
һŰɵĲʵҶ۶ôݻݣԷɼһߣ񿪿ʵϵµ£ȥһһǶϧ
ƽȻѾȥˣҪϻȪɽ̫δ˴벻˳·ֻ´ܲ죬ܾмҪȪɽǰĺ⣬ֻˡ
Ȫɽ˵ȥԶʲô鷳Ůӵģܾ׷̶ֵңһΪһˣ
ԷţԼΪ΢ҲûʲôƵģ̹ȻʵұʦͬУǰЩаУҽѣҪȪɽȡ
˸Ҷһڳ֡Ů˴ӣƺ˼ʲôһʣɻǵаʲôģ
Էʵϸͬ飬˵ܽԼһѣװһ߿ӵȻǵãĪ˵ģֶ֪
˭
䡣
һڣŮһиֳ˵ĸʵǰ䣿
ǹгϳӦò١򲻶ɫ
ȻŮʶ䣬ֲҮչֳʮĵ⣬ڸп
ΪҪʦΪѣŮֻƬ̣ͼʵϲŭȫȻǾǰ侲
֪ʲô񾭣ҪʦΪͽԹסˡ
С˵ǰ¹죬˵ȴǳйаɣв֪īСùʲôӣȻóȻ˵£һȣǰƺ̫ʦоɳ𣬼ʦͷԣʦˣ
˵öʵֻïַ򸾺Լ֣֮ŮǾʶҲڱΡ
̫ʦѵسϣŮ˹Ȼ֪صľ¶Ȼ顣
ǡͷ䣬öϴһ
ȻŮӷģī۾Ŷ㾹ǳӵĵӣ
δػԭΪʮ
⻰ƺЩˡĸо
ЩСų¼УǰʤѩĽ޺ʲôս޲ʤĴڣ벻ڱ£ץˣʱֻʧС
㣡²˼ǻչ˱ˣ⸱ŭˣָǳʲôҲҶʦͷ㣿
ҡ
ʦͲ٣ԪӤΪܱƵǻܰ࣬٣أҵ½Ƕʦ
ȻǾó岻֪ͨҲһȾŽ޵ʵ⻰˵ã˱˾ͲУ˭УСùþڱϿţҲҪʲô˵ʲô˵
Žű׵ӣǰľ˹ĵģˡ
īû뵽ͻȻһ߹һһĲֵ֪Ӧ첱Ӵ䣬˼ȥ벻ɵóĻ
Ļ䶾ƫƫһѪͳԪӤʱֻʮ꣬ΪȴףŴкܿ·Ҳʵӵͽܳ޶۵Ҳ˵ԩ
ʲôܿŻԺͼҲʵǡ̫ˡ
ֻؿСùãɫί
ŮȴûнעѾ˳ΪֶרעضƺпʲôֳһָлԼֳ˼
˺һŻڵΪҲֵˣᾹ࣬治ʢ֪ߵغԴǲСѼ¡
ߣʦȻǰ;ûаֶ˵˳룬ΪãֱۣͦӣȥҪжͶ⡣
ͽƵģīһĿɿڴ˶죬ƺ˵ʲôȴ麣СùõĪҪԣȻ𾪵ŮһͬС
Сùãոֶ磬㾹ȻҪͬСıνḻʣϧŮѾ˾ٲԸҲֻܰһš
룬Ҳֳ⣬ŽʵһҲҪȥȪɽ𣿡
ǣҪȥսĳǡŮȴ˵
㣡ˣ𣿡
·ϵһŮûбֳ˿ĵؽһºսĳ䱦ᣬгڿ֮УʱȻᵽȪɽ·;ңԶôʱͿǸȪɽ
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Ҷǰʮ쵽սĳǣǴȥҪȥʮңһᰲȫࡣ
𣿡
вأȥɡ
žŵĴˣЩԥ
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ۡĿתǰľ󣬶еˡ
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ˣëɫ׵̺ʷǷһӾƤɵ̾һ
ĻűµתһȦڶŮƺС
˲Ů˾һ۲գͺʲôһ
ȻƤ㹻񣬱ΪѲ㶢ţҲЩ
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߶⼸֣ʲôһȻһ֡
ἰʱԷиӵʱ˽͡
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֮ī㡣
Ȼ½о飬ʶȻ
Լûб̫׵ļٻ
һɻһ𾪣һңĪ⣬ȫī㿴˫̺ˮе󣬾ֳЩɫ
ʲôʣºͣǵһμȴУǳУ֮ǣϸȴʲô
ֻ롭ۣעŶԷ۾˹Īǳ˻ǰһֱš
䣬ɴ´һЦɵõԲۣ˵Īº͵ɤֻƺЩ͸лǸΪСЩһλˣ֮£ͻˡ
ԴУ۲ϣȴ͸ѰһˣʱһëЦøɰͰ͵ġ
лνˣ²ˡ
еˡ
ī½룬е˼½Щ˵ǲּ䣬Լïƺ֪㣬⵱ǽͷ
̶ƬһϷ
˵˵ǰһڵϸŻȥǲལ֮ģĨȥļҲǳɣ¶š
һСԼŲལҫ龰ûལ뻭еĽЩǱٽô;⻭ôǡôĿء
һ뵽Լ˵ܰ쵽½ǧħͷûܰ쵽£ͷͷһ͵ļ
һŲڽŵ׵ζ֪ж
˼·ïֻסǱ÷ѪӸҲȻˣЩ˵õģƭ˷纣¥ͳ롣
룬ʱ˼Ƭͣ٣·һġ
ʦ֪½ָ׼ֱӽȥãôһ룬޶ŭ
˼ȥ
ִ֪ͨʲôˣʲô˴Լʵǿľ
ڶӰҲ֪ȥˡ
ߴߴ˰ƺƻԭ㣬ʶ㣬ƲƲ죬һǿԼȥǸûĵġʦԺһ̴ٵЦǷ粻ı鶼ī㿴ȥЦˡ
ЦʲôЦӣûذ롣
ֹס˼;Լˣ˺࣬۾һӣ½ЩҲɺϰˡ½ʲôϵôǰΪޣҲ˵麣𣬶Ǽ䱻⡣
ïַ򸾣ڴʦ⣬һ־ʦִҪǿͽܣԼһ˵˵ıͼıʦΪѰ̫ʦĻгΪ˱ȥͽܣҲûܡ
ⲻĿһɣͰһ
ߣ˭֪īǲһһˣǲ½뻹˵׼ء
һ룬࣬һЦҺǰǹ˳ǻ
ƫᣬٻͶӢϰϵȻ֪вͬܣΪĻ½룬Ӻ񣬵ʮŮ࣬˵ǻҲΪ
ǡīЦЦилǹѱŮӡ
ԭϡŮӡЩѿڶ֣Ӧ죬ʱסˣ̶Լ૵Ǹˡ
˷īΪǣȻжʱӹЩŹֵɫ
ֻǱӣƺϸһѿסʶ̽ȥ
һŭˣѿڳѷȴпŨŨʧԼϡһԹޡ
ĪǸ˵ŮˣͷһðˡôɤҮǰ֮ˡ
Щģǲǲ
˿Թңԩͷծɱ˼޹ĿСʣǰкָ̣
ҶˣǸīջָ֣Ǹݲȵ̬Сһ֮нޣұΪСΪǹð
ƭ
ﲻΪȻ֪ǶԼɣĵԼ֪Լܿˣȴʵʵǫʦ̵Ӧ֮
Ȼʦͽ
ǰЦˡƤЦⲻЦŶԷЩȴī¶ص飬Ծƫͷƺʲô
Ƭ̺īüܿͻָƽλǰмǰȥֻͷСѺͰȥսĳǣҪټٵݾǡ
˵һЩȼõķΣտвڣͨЩͽī˽ɶ񣬱սĳǡ
вأҶʡ˵գÿɴգ۾ͲӰ
򻺻һȻһī¶Цݣͼݡ


35 
ᣬ䲻֪ڼη̾Ϣ۰ĺݣï֣Ѿڼˣ
ʱ̡ïƴϹǳǳ΢Цð
뱻ס󣬾һֱǼͷдϢĪ˵ǳˣƤû̧һ¡伸ιȥԼڿżĴ
ǻĲĿ𣿡֪ڼαԹ
ǽĳǵʦóľܣĿܷǵòһ˵˵ϵʹȫƵĿܣȥ졣
ȥïӦЩΡ
Ȼͼ˰֣һ޿ӣˣЩܵĻ࣬ȥΪ
һʣ˵ǷвȱֻϵˣŻ
ïֳƬ̣ҡҡͷ˵޵Ĳ
ŶΪλһӣ
䣬ɻǵʶ֮ǰԼïûлش𣬷
С

˼Ƭ̣ǻ粉ֻ֪֪֮
ˡïЦΪ飬飬޶ˣȻ仹һֻּڵ伮ϼǱ飬ȴڻԵɺµһ
˵ʯ
ʯΪ޵֮һֻɽһͨʯԵɺпʼȡʶΪΣΪĴ֮һ
ľЩ鶼ǧܿʶҪ˵ʯˡ
һʶǰ飬ʯʶǰȴ
˼ǳҲǡ
Ѱ˼˵ʯͷʱïִĲ²⣬ˡ
⵽ô£˵һͨģ䲻ͷˣïһţȵװŪ˵
һΪϲաï·϶ĽӡСֹһ䣬һ۵ɹæ̹ףúúã˵ҲֻҵĲ²⡣
ٷϻһԣ
ȡïɤӣȴЦ⣬ǽˣȴʯһ
޵ﻯ֮
ģ鶼㲻ϣֺ֮һ˵
ԭˣǡɫ˵ҾҲȫȻġ
ѵ֮ʰɡï˵ҲǱȻߣ˰
Ϊ
Ҳ֪»ǻ¡૵
ï̾һֻ˵ĸ֣

УֻӶų̧Ųǰ
ٶȲ죬ʵͨԪӤʿеٶȡǲ֮޸īΪֻ̧һܲǰС
һ·Ͽνûе·ޣҲûв۵ޡ
īԭ̬ưǻһŹ٣֮ͲҶӵˡ
磬ͻȻע⵽·һʿС
ɵɢޣֻڣµķɽҲǴ֮һʮˣȥʱΣƺ˸档
Щˣ֡īҲˣ˵
һ·λΪδжʱ¶Ȥ
˵زǱ𴦣Ǻˮ롣
Ķʱ
Щ˵˿ڿ˵ˮбأΪ⣬񿴵Щ͵͵ʿ˵Ĳ
˴սĳг̣ҶҪٹʮղŻصʱԣֿЩʿȷΪܵͺ󣬱⣬ī֣ص֪һܣܺЩʿйء
Ŷʲôīé®ʲô棬һϡ
Щ˵Ĵɢˮбص¸ī֮ǰ᳤룬˵˵Щʦֵġ
ʦϵΪҳЩ˵˵ıô֮֡
Ϲ˵˵һ£һ˵īἰʱж˲˶ڷһ
ǸôͼӴ׵˵꣬īĦȭƣ޲̹ȥץЩʿѶ
ˣ뻳һģô˻вĵ
Сùķȥ̽һ̽㡣
īƴӣಽԼ˸µĸоһ㶼òȻϰߵĺܣīָֻţòڡ
ǸЩʿǽ͸߶ɽȥʱ㽫УȥſסϢЩʿһ·û쳣
оһټĵѨǱʲôϵһ쳣ƽ룬ЩѨīҲȥ۲£ͨɽ帹С
Ũˮıڹ⻬ˮˢɣ뵽һʿ˵ĺˮˮ̶Ѩ˵ǰ̶ˮˮ£ĶѨ
Ҳ֪ǰʲôѰ˼ҰؿǶʯµˮΪƬɽȡ
ɭɭģأһЩȳζʲôһīδೡسס֧֧ƺ˵ʲô
µĻ߰ɣ󡣡ûʹⱥмĻͷҲؼǰˣŲҪ޹Щʿвһ㡣
ôһȴƫƫī񲻷ͷĶû¶ɫ̫̳ˣŹͻȥȥ񲻽Ц
㡢㶼£ʲôµġֱͦ壬˷߶ɽǰͷСùڴһ֮ѡ
ǡ˳ǣԡ
Ƭ̣ǰ۲Ĵһ۵Ľ䲼֮ȻīһС
Ǵλõ꣬ױǴڸߴǰľһࡣ
Ǹٵʮ⣬滹ˣһʮˣдڣиһķ󣬺ʮ˵˺óʯ
Щ˴ǰһˣΪʯųȥõġ
ɵøпԼãһ̣һ̣Щʧ֮ۡ
ںúʮ˱ó߶ֻǳɫĹ㣬ȻЩϤû˵
ʲô򲻽īȴܴ
ǲٱġ
ٱʲôܹªţǧţƽʱҲôģԲ֪ҪӶࡣ
Ϊ½룬ī㶼֪
һ·ѹţʱܱԼˣī˵ж⣬ЦݲضزסԴǶѨ
ԭٱսĳ䱦¥䱦¥֮ʮ꿪һᣬһа⣬һٱĴѰ
ʱǨɽλĵرڵ£ٱרѰЩ֮һɣɢΪáϾɢ޲κҷֲĺߣʿɢ޶ԷΪ˽⣬ϢҲΪͨĴഫ˵ʵ϶ݱٱὫڸɢޣɢܸݴ˵ҵѰñش鱦ɢޱܴеõֳɣԼΪ
ɢ֮ܣֵı඼㲻Ϲأ飬ٳɶ࣬ǲСĲƸˡ
ī󣬵һͻȻŷõĹâЩ㶼۵һʮ˲Լͬһ󻶺ȿֺ󱼵ǴЩ䣬Щ֣ܿڳһӡ
ӵףʮƿӣһңܾˣʲôҩ
ڵˡ·Щ˸ȾһҲ¶飬ȴǱġ
Щ˵֪бΪʲôԼȡСȥЩ˻᲻ƴ
ͦ뿴Щʲô챦ģûü뷨ж;õͻȻӴ𶯵
֡ʶһ̽ûڸ˵Ϣһ̱ǲһɶ೤Ѹ󣬱˼ɳƺҲڲϱʱһڵӰ
ȻЩΪΪǶ¶˾ȵı顣
Ⱥܿ˾֡
ֻӰһֻצӡ
Ƿǳצӣܹ˺שߣžһڵϣȻһֻһɢźĶ˳
ޣǰ˼䷢͵͵ĺе۾ͭ壬ɢɱ¾֮һǰצһ˺ѷεĲҺһʿߡ
ʿʶʲôϷɽΪʱ
ǻŲ·ʱֻ̬˳һֻӶѨгźβͺ󣬵ϵĶѨʧˡ
žһɱЩ಻ɢôеùЩޡ
īһץסɫɷף촽ţд˻֣̿˵ʲôʲô˵ֻܲס
ȴйЦ
ʲô˲õءӣµشǰѪɵľϸϸһŴīһСʹͷ
̤УӹԾվԭضõīԥһ£һѽС
׹һ˵Ӱû޷һ˲ԭ֮ؾͱĵ÷顣
С͵ĴĿĵȷ;ֻ̣ܼʮҲͷǰ㰲ȣ̶һҪγӰ׹еֻͷĿѣ˺һӲվ
ǡޣҡҡīӦɫɷ׽ͰͿڣ˵˰ζ־䡣
̫ٷϴˣûв˴ǳɽһֱֻֻ׽˺Ƭޣоֿ֪
һֶ˵гɽīק֮ͣȥ
Ҫȥģīʧʵ
ûӰֻ޵ľлʲô紵ݶ¡
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͵ˮϵλãͲɽͷֱӴƬͷص˵ϲһ·
ʱ㲻㣬ҪЩԶԶģɲɽž͸оӭƽһɷ
ƾǱǰɱֻ޻ҪͣӦضûС
⡭īȻҲоǹѹʱٶ״ǰֻ۷ڶǰ˷裬ʤš
ʲô⣬˾ǵ˹죬ЦЩɭīһЩӷɽϹ䣬ų죬ſ۳֮ͬʱ˼֣ɷīЩСùøôණſ𣿡
ŶŶīæڴ﷭ܿóһյ͵ƣĹסˡ
ʱԴԴϵԵӿϵĹҲ࣬ǲŹκһĻᣬЦѧ𣿻ûء
ʱǹɷڼȳζͻһǰѬý˼Ϣöʹ򲻸ҵģֻ޵ǰͽȫʱȴⷢ޿ûһֱۣԽͷȥ
ô£ɵųڣͷ޺棬ʲô
ƺǸʿڲʿĴʱ򲻽ؽһԭɷ϶ʿ
ԭ޾Բûע⵽īʿǰʱƺһۡ
ĪЩϤû˭޺ʿӰ㶼ʧˡ
⵹ˡ૵ĵ׾ĪЩ⡣
ڲ˲̽һ£ʿӦԪӤΪʶûһܶԵϺš
ϵɷƺ޵Ĳһ
ﲻһȴһʱ׽͸ʱֻԶһѪ𣬱ֱûУҪ˺һ㡣
ԼİǴ־޷ġ
վǱ׷ء
иڽҪȥһ̽мסǵѪλãȻɿ뿪ˡ
лҪ˵ȫһ


36 
ļУ򵥵ĺСԺʿ˱Ůվͷǰڵľţεҡҡͷ̧ţ
ңï֣ܽȥ𣿡
ͷ۰䣬߳˻ȭͷ˳ĥĥȮݣв֮ȻֻܼЦ
ǰÿ춼ҪȥһȻһ趼ֻܴϢڻػʱһۣνػҲһֻļ֡
ЩƢʲôģ˶ˣԺɹ̫ڲҪͽ£յõǧȵĶҪ뽻ȴ˵ʲôԸȥ˦ï֡
ʦ̵ӻֱ׳úܡ
ԪӤΪʲôɲ㡣ïЦ
Цˣ䶨ҪֻҲҪҧڣȴһ̬üǲ֪ǰҺ˵˵ɤӶðˣһͻΣһǡšһǡǵġҺῴҵɺһ٣ˣȥɣѧ
˭ҪȥïΣɰⲻϻɷ˵ǰһƣвҪÿ˼
ֻ
䶼ֱŽȥ̣ǰçײϳŮӣóȻȥδ̫ʧԲʡ
Ϊ벻ᣬȻʹˣʱȥҲ㲻ͻ
ûһʹһɤ
˷ˣʱҲ¶飬²ſػصʧˡ
˵ձƿľš
콫δգſϦżͶ´ƬѤõɫʣԶǿ飬ϢƬϣ˿յĶͼȾúƵġ
˿٣ͬɫķۣĽëڰƤӡǳǳİӰȴƽƳĺûκϢˡ
˵ĿܣʦĻ⵱ðĿ˵ЦĻ˰
ïԺкظֳͷݣɼľȴס˽ŲפżǰƬ̺󿪿ڣ³ç޺֮ģԺĪҪ
ۣڵӳƵɫӦһܵͣϢƽȣȴشදľ㣬˿
޸Ӧïֵûвڣµشӷҵ½ǣһ粻䣬ÿϸڶ۵ס
ϸϸĿڱ𴦵ƿʲôƵģüۼ両ֳһĨ̡̬꣬ܿģΪҲİҪöࡣͬƽȴп˻
֪޻޻ǡ
֮ʶضԼǡ
ƺʲôʲôûʣǵͷ̾һٶ̧ͷѻָǸĶŵģЦ֪ʵţ㿪żɽɣ佫ǧڼ֮أȻв֪Ϊλѣң⣬ƱҪѰ㱨ʵǵ֪򣬱ΪǰýܡܵǧȣǱ㲻㣬Σ
һƻгעų룬ƺھĶвԾʼ˼ΪҪͽܣǰ˺ܾãʼûͷ
ԳΪ˷ȷٳɣ֪Բħţɴ˷ҲûʱƺΪչĽ׶Ρ
֮ǰƣһȴһҵĹѰʿ⵱ȻˣɳǲͽԪӤˣչͨʵʿͺˡһֱˣ뼸ûĿܡؿĹ裬ǵòʧĿܸ󣬽˼⡣
ûͷ벨õġ
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ģǲ˵ġ֣±֤Ƭ̺̫ԲڣЦЦȤòͽܣвأ䶨Ҫҵȡ
˵ⳡԻѸһ䣬ǡȥȻ᲻ŵ
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ֻһ˵еֵֹġЩԥһ̾ͼïֳգգۣЦҿƤҲͽܱôУ
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޺Ȼϳ֣Ϊ˼䣬ԴײѰš
Щ˵ĴɢˮбصĴԣʹЩɢѰ֮Ӧʲô󷨣ڳﱦͬʱųޡ
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ôɢޣڷ߱ȱȽǣѰʱ䲻Ҳע⣬һΰͷޣֻξܷų㹻޽Ͻһҡ
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Ȼڶ࣬˵߲ԪӤ̶ȵΪ辪ЩĸˣֻɳһӾܽЩȫɱ
˷ųЩ޾Ϊ˸ôǺˮ뻹ʲô
˼˱ϣīȸԾսĳǿ쵽ˡ
ЩצѺֱصϣһ㷲ģЩ׷ٶĿĵأڷģð⣬»˹Ƶġ
սĳĴ֮һǲͬսļûʲôҩԭģһûУսȴӵʢ֮
ޱ鱦䱦սĳǵֻΪ˳Լķö֮γɹģнһĴڣԼɵķ˳ۡ
аͥãݣжӪһԲ͵£սĳǸպܸṩһشȡ裬ա
ΡĳǽƾճƵģǰһǰޱ߼ʵգһգ۱ͬ߼ʵĳǳƺԳ
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˵ĳǳضɸߣϣƶˣǽȴԽǱֱزߵĵط·Ҫ®Ƶġ
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Ŷ˵ͷģתȴӴóһС
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Ƭ̺󣬾ŵһȣߺˣҳǽ磡
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ô졭īԾ˶㣬ؿȻǶԷµĻǽͬУνǴһϵƣһ£һҲӲ˸ϵ
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ʶīʶĶ׺һ棬³ΪҪȥЩ˳ܣԴû뵽˱һ棬ΣҪ飬°ͶҪˡ
һӣȷǴĿԾӶ࣬էսĳǵĹΣûʲôȻࡣò˵⸱˹Ƥ࣬ǸԽд󲿷˶ĳ
½䱸һ˲˼ЦʵҲ³çˣСԺɵöСİ
˵ţƳ뺣ϳһڵĵӣ̬ȸӿ񣬵ԭһڸͽʧʧ
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һ㶣һӦʦڰǣûսĳʲô֮ʶ˵ͬţӦһɽЩʦʦ㡣
һֱͳһҲںͳʧȥϵ뵽Ҫȥλʦӣѹ붼û
ߣһڵɽΪԵҲʹսĳн籣䱸ɭϣ޼˹ƶҪƵߣҲ֪ңôﵽˣ
ѵġһӦһڵŷ磬ⲻܡ
һڵʾ˵Ȼʱǰȥᣬȥֻɽĵӣǲܱ¶һڵݵġ
ȥ벻˭ʣһڵ⣿
Ŷԭ㲻֪Ҳ㶣֮ǴǴɰɣǰи˵һڵǰˣһΪǵõϢѰǵġ
ԭˡ˵ͷ
˶ֱԭصϢˣΪӦöԼȻСϣһֱоգǹû뵽㡣
֪ںδʣӦȥǡ
⵱Ȼǳڹģ˴ˮ벻ԶЩ˵ˮйأ˵ܴʲôﻹֹһ䣺
ˣҲ̫ûˡ
лҪ˵ǰоĸĶû޸ĺİ汾ܻ


37 
īһںûаҲøһȥȻҲûаҪһ˼סﳤȥǶû
վսĳĹ㳡ߣһ۵լӣŴţ￴ȴʲô
ԼĪ˽ɣȥʱΪῴʲôڵ֮ģʲôû߽ͨլӣԽţǰȻɢȥźĳʱһࡣɻ´һ£ע⵽ϵİڷ⡣
һھĺĲҵѶԱӻ
ն˵ĻŻȻ
һλھĺĲҵ֮һ
ŽûͿˡ
ڵеҴҸüĿ㣬ºǡůǷ纣¥סһƬ̺󷽵ʦãôˣ
˵ȥûзеӰʣСʦûһ𣿡
ûǻһɫӰмδȵǳ𣡡
붼룬Ƕˡ
˳ǣеЦˣɰͰ͵⡢˵
ʵ˵ǣôһսĳˣ˵õأѵڿҿҵֻ
ط֮ΪվʵһλսĳǵĽкԺԽķ֮һ׶սĳнУԴһЩŶڴ㣬һ಻⣬һŽɴϢڶĿ
纣¥ΪϢӣ򵥺Ѻ󣬱ȥ
һֻ̬ЦȴڲԼľ㿴ӦǷʲôҪ£صˣֻڣһʣΪֻһˣǷʲô
˴ֺһƣн磬޷͵˿纣¥飬ֻԥһ£㽫ͳ¼򵥵ظ
ΣȥԼͰ˵ĹϵīǴһûǿճΪͽ¡
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Ű볤붯֣纣¥Խδ¶̫ྪȣǶ԰صĶԹţɴ˵ͽһʱǲŵۣʧеµ棿
Ǳ飬·ڻԼһίʵ̫˼ȻڲסĻɡ
ʦ׿ڸҵġʱҲ˲ϳЦСˣһ˵ʲôֻ˴֪ʦͽ֮˵ǲĪ
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⡭纣¥᲻֪ʲôݣôܰһƿʹ˵˻ƫֻ̻ÿЦűʦãܶ²ǷǺڼô򵥡
гǵ˼ôһҪļƣǱҶ۵ĶȻҮֱӰгǵˡ
Ȼԭġ˵纣¥гɣܿٶȿڣҲܣ֪½ƽϢɽ׻ַһ£
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ԭҶۻиֳ
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͵ʴסֻЦΪվ½ǱߣԲűа𣿡
ǿڱտţ纣¥Ҳû취ֻװû
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ʱˣԲѣҲ֪ʲôĵ֣ȶ纣¥һ˿̣ʦֽʦսˣ֮ҺͷʦһѰ˺ü죬ʼҲʦ㣬ֻ˻սĵȺϢ
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ͷһð㿪ʼŭЩΪϲ۸
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һػ̿裬ľ̿ͨʱѵֻûκηĻ£ÿ䣬Сľ̿
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ģֱľ̿Խľ̿ץģסֱľ̿飬ûκ˵ĺۼΨһ֪ʹǱмġ
³ôΣһζûбŹͼͮµĻʱҲ·սһ顣
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Ʊڲŷ纣¥ʳ£ûͷûԱϽûͷûôһ䣬һӦǣв
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ʿŪ巨ͳˣƱ纣¥ҪϢܴӵϢܴ죬Ī⣬䲻ͷ
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ô֪ˣʲôϷԿ֣üǸ̿裬˰춼ûʲôãô
ûʲôЦЦȻ˳ȥ˳ţԷܻ档
Ȥء
̵ͨľ̿иֳ졣


38 
δѣһ⸡˽Уϲɴֻ¶һֻۣǴɴı߼Լܿ˵˺ۡ
ɴ಻ͨɴǷһ֣ڼ޸壬˵гֳǳǳɫ
ֱӡһţһ۾ôãͷԺл֮ȥ̲סЦǴ򷦼֮һ׶ʣʱѾЦ
ճѰͲֻ࣬࿴һЩµӣ۱Ҫһʦ纣¥˵Ҫȥص˵ʦԸǰٲ˱𷣡
ʦãʦ಻ɳӵӣλϵƺǺִŻսģһǧʧתͷˣ纣¥ػض˺ü飬ͬУͶ࣬Ƣһ۽ٴζ޲Ըš
Ҫ죬ԸһȥͳƵġ
Ƕճ̣𣿡κ飬˰죬صȴֲ˱𴦡
Ƿ纣¥ƢٺҲҭƿԣֻ̾һһ̾ſЦõǣǡöճ̶ѡ
зִ硣пڶ֮⣬˷ܵ
ĵӣ纣¥ֻԿһһʹ֪ٶ˵Ҳ޼£ֻܿЦҡͷ뿪һ˳ѰЩʲôΧ
ȷǷܣֻǷ纣¥û㵽νֻǻӣʵȥҴġ
ڷ纣¥˽˸ţ֪ҵʱжദƤⱻٻ٣¶İ׹ǳֽ֮ɫ𵤶ˡ
ǾͨɵƣʿᵤʱضѪǣֻ߶Ļ˵ʿ𣬿𲻹ԪӤ̶ȣ˵ԪӤͷסҲӲյѪڣһɫ棬ûΪǳҶʣˡ
бȻʲôطֻǷ纣¥֮ǰżѰ̵䣬˭ûϸЩֻܱһԵ̬Ҵ
˵ҩܹŹ֣ǳѰҲƲ䷽սĳǺ󣬳Ѱҩһڱŵҩգۼƾͼתֱ£ֻܻǼҩ֮񻹻ţΪ;ҩԵʡҲΪԭ򣬳Ѱһֱܲ
Щ˵޹ؽҪĽǻ·
ǰִֻ̿Ϊ֤в룬ûɵǻֻѰ档
̫Ҳɫ桪˵Ϊص
ȻïֺͰ֪ߣɼμǶտڲ̸˵ҪҮѪȥҲ˵гǳҮжѶԸĿǰв²ïֵͼһϡͿʹ󺦵Լǵòʧ
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ڱźزλʦϲԼȷе˵Ӧǲϲ롣ԼǳµʱѰͶ˼һƳü΢ԭĮɫرЩѿ
ͽܣʲô΢ļУһ
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ǲë
ֹлɽ˭ӵŶúܣΪԶ˶⣬һμһ־ˡ
˻ʦһӦǳԹûܡ
ǧŵһ뿪̨壬ʱѰѾսˣ˿涼ûҲֻǳ뱻شƸɽʱһӤ˽ʲôԹ
ͳйص£ЩȤһĲɿǿûĳ裬һҪҪһʣһ̧ͷƼѰɫܾھͻᱻȥ
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ʦʦֿǱˣΧųת˼ȦʵԭôȻס
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˵͹ˣֻҪѰ󣬾ָıƿڴν
ѵɫ棿ɡǡôüűõԼҪġ
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ŮȡɫʯԴˣδ˼Ů洱㽫ڵѣܳپԵҲΪ֮𣬼Ƚٻ
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ǰһֱҮȳһЩȴôȷˡ
ʦ롣
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УƳüżö뺾纣¥⼸Ķʣһϲ鹤Ƴʱ۾һҲȥ
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ЦݺͶĶһ
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Ʋûϧװʱνʱϸܿ۵׵ıͳŪ
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㡢㡭䷳Ųӣһǧͷ޲һͷڵԪӤޣ֪жô͸ء
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ƺǻвʲô̧ͷڵиֳһĨ˼
ǰһΣڣס˰䡣
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ʲô̫߳ô
ɴָָۣԼֱðɵԺ㷴Ӧϲüʵʲô°
ͳദʱԷǰγ뾹ȻڣĪͻƾĳС
ɲȳٶȿڣеƺȻ˻ΣɫһĿһ˲ѡ֡
ڴԴƬ̡
ڣӰ١
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лҪ˵ǳлҵ
Լ΢Ƽwwww
ŬԵĵ


39 
ϡءïŴЦڵʲôϷһ㡣
ˮȵɲյʧ¶ȣ£ƳײǳǳһˮĲҶȴ⣬ֽ̧յƽ˻ΣȻ󵹿ڲϡ
ƿյڲɲˮͲҶɵͼϡ
ңȴԼԳѪһǴ֮ѡ
ƽ͵۵ײէԶڣü͸Щǡ
˺ܾãõѾǵúʱʼҡɽһǧǰԵʶڴ֮ǰĴֻء
ľϣһȾûź䷦ζֱĨʻɫ֡
ӴˣΨѡ
ûϵīҲǷǳ⡣
ͨöȡƣܳͨ뱻֣֮Ѱڡ
ӦǼĶ˭Сı棬Ǵڶ͸¶ʱƳīУïȴһ㶼е֡
ϾǸˣʲô˼ľٶΪ档
ïϲͨϵĽܱӻһˣԾҲܵвΪ߹˳룬ҲͨСöΪǿͻƣ˺һ˲ͻᱻã˲ö롣
ڰ֮ǰѾǲ֮͡ΪԷΪв˵䣬Ȳ衣
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භֹ֣ͨ˷֮ףò׼ǷΪ㣬ʱ£˼ûиȥǷųһʱ֮衣
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ԨжˣҪˡ
԰ʣī۵׸ֳ֮⣬Ȼת˲ţǿһľľУλǰһˡ
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㾹ǡͽܡڰһܿ챻ιȥƤЦⲻЦģǺɡ

ī㻹˵ʲôȴͻȻθߵɤǹ
ī㣬㲻ϲʦãᵽҾĹָŭЦǹɢҸ㣬⣬Ҳύ㣬̫İҼ˶ģľԼʦֶҵῼǿǡ
˵ȴ־ʵƵĽʼδϵ˿ٶѪ졣
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˼ƣûֽžͺػ˻֣˿ڿеĲͷˣԹˡ
˵˺һīԾվǴһ۲֪ʲôٶȿڴߴ٣ȴīٶȿڣ
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㻹Ļƣ伫ī㣬ĻĶʱ˼֣°ͰոԼ֮ǲ˵̫ˡ
ƺͱƣʱעһξѪ˺˲Ʋ𣬶ұҲڵϷӦΣƻ𰵵һĿȻ
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⻰˵Ȼе֡̾˿ü˲ʲôˣȻԲȣûǵ£պҲԲ㣬˵ӦѾˣ͡ͿЩ
ֱʣï֮ûôƣԶڸЩܶԶͶԶֻμī̫̲סȰ
֮룬ֲһ䣺ĻƣѾˣԡ
˱ͣס벻ԡ֮ҪʲôҲٽʲôīǰûٶͣһ̣Ӱת˲ʧƺ
ãгֲˬ飬ˣ
УϣȺţƾΪȻԲ涼ЩʲôҲûȤȥ֪ԺзŰǷ
˵Ҫȥڵȡ֪֮
Ϊʲô֪Ķ
ЩïֺͰ䶼û뿪Ƭ֣ïǶΪҪããؼѰһҲǲܵ£һֱ˼Ըǧȵ£δἰ䡣
һֿϱ׷ٷģڽڵʱ벢ûзжʲôһжʱһңԶ֪λõ׷ٷıʵΪý飬ȻܿͻʧЧ
һֿʵҲˣ䱣֤֣Ϊֺαضһ١
ٻߡ뵽һȥʱ˵Ĺլסï֣ɺϣǱԤı
Ҳ֪
Ҳһʡ
ָԾٴ߬δԹ¡
ߵ·ʦʦһͰ̺õģ˴β֪Ϊȴİ֮أǰ·ÿһͨԤ֪ķ
üĺشһʹƼĵͷ֮С
ֵ̧סüģĬԪе䡣
Լ𣬶Ǵʱʹ֮УǺƵûʲôɣʱһ꼸Σʱʮ궼ûһΡ
ֻʦλʦ֪ʱСʦ˺üأδѰ֢ڣƺûκӰ죬ؾͲپ¡һٶֻأת˲ŵĴʹԷûзҲû
εʹȴκʱҪͷ­ƵģʮԲκκת϶ʹԾüϥϵֶ΢΢
ֻǼβάôãлĹ⾰
һʱ˹ȥۺ㿴Сʦ嵣ǵԼ΢ۿʱвСʦ۾ΪλģֱһηʱʹģҰУСʦľʦڵ۾ҲģףʱСʦǿ޹ۿŻᷢ졣
ΪʲôҪأ
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ȻСλʦչˣʵϼָʦִ٣żָźʣֻʦȴûмӡ
˵̨壬ȥʣǵһ˵
ٱ˵֮־ҪǴ觶봢䣬Ϊ֪
µƬΣ󲿷ǿհף֮ɫʽ࣬ɫռݵЩйء
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ƵԺĵʹȻˮȴ봭ţ˺ܾòŻ֣ҵ˼ɲǱնϣͷһƬհףһʱǲԼη
и΢ˮλ۽ǣһ̽ŷԼѾһ亹౻ָٳѪۡ
ʹδֹһʧøɸɾ
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½ݶˣȴһǱȻ;ж䡣
ʱϻǶԲϣֻܴɵ䲻һһϦģǰ׼ڳĵһǾͿʼҲģӵ½ٵźͲ¹һڻ᲻Ԩǿгƽ磬ʱīݶѵִʱڼݴöƣû뵽գۼͱˡ
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۽ƳһĨɫĺһǧͷץһ߹Ȼδü룬Ǳ߰ں
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ǧ籩Ĺº֧ܿ穣ܿ챻ѹïֽ
ʱɱֻܣïֲųٳٲ֣һֱΪͷۣǧûκιٶ׾ͱƵʩ֮ïкظֳ
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һͲŵۣĹסˡһɸ
Ԩʧͬʱ۵һѪɫ
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ϲѣǺοࡣˮ㵥ɤȰ棬ϧ
ïмڽģԨӷģʹ˺ڰɡ
뿪ʱע⵽ԭĬĳ룬˫ɫӶϣϸֳһ˿Ц
ˣͳ˰ɡ
ͣ٣麣ΪӦ㣬ͥдЩ棬Ӧȡȥɣù֣֮òϣҲЩ
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ദôֱܷ꣬ľĴʱһ㶼ġ
а޹⣬ԼЩѿ

лҪ˵ĳˣȵȣҲ
ߣ㿴˼޼ʲôʱųģ֪
ȻСùúͰĶԻ׹ػ𣨣ʵСù˵ѣһ°ɣ˿©


40 
ĻīȻڽУŰ䱻ģïԪش
һжΪȥöͨӦΪʱ̫οǰǰʲôı䲻ˡһλ֣ȥϢǲԸݣʦڴС
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ǰĻһǰ֣ȫˣǰƶïֺͰˣһߣ֪ο
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ͷطһ⡣
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˾վ֣Ǳһļѻ
ǲԭͣڶݵǺ󣬱ǹоò˥ŶΡ
ʦ˽£ҲǸǶ½롣
½װʾˣʵȴǸŮˡ
ǰȥַǺҴ֮һۿ½΢ЦŽһʿļһڽڴ׾ӱѪȾ죬ƵĽ˵
νаīϾ½Ȼ½Լ֮أһ־ͻɱ֣ȥ͵Ϯǡ
½ȴһ֪ǵļıƵģǵûܰˣĳЦǡ
Ҳǣ½թ֮˿ѷѪͱŰ
½û¶걩ŭǸⰲвů⡣
ˣ
īã½ʱӦĺϲԼģȻ׷ŹԼ
ʹϲǰ̹ġ
ȰǷʵ֪
ûзԷεĲ̣ûз˫ǳͫд󲿷ʱװĮڽûзԴֵĲм
ָоս;ΪԼģ̶ֻ
һһš
Υʦͺˡ
̾Ϣ
һ°ͣǿŴǷĳ嶯ӡ
ûʦ
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лҪ˵ǰѾ½ˣӦòͻأ
˵СùӦԮ᣿ϣϲX
ʵͽ̬ܵȲص㣬ô˵ľȴֻ


41 
˵գī㾲ؿ򣬲֪˼ˣ˵ʲô
ôңҲûǸ½ƿĿ⣬ٴΰֹ鷳
ʲô˵ָֻֻһͷãģһֶ˵ڡ
ȡԼǸʦǹҪġ½йùġ
ǳȣϤϣǳʲô̬ôȷȷʵʵģþۺɢû
ֱǸԩͷ̸̸һ
Ϊû˻ţⴵŪǰǰֻܿ˿죬ֳ˳أ޹գգۣǰ֪ʦȥˣ
ʧīһջߣĬƬ̲ȥ֮ɽˡ
ΪߣʾˣδܱԨȥ֮ɽҲԽԨΪλǰˡ
֮ɽûпī㶼ᣬͼװʲôûר־䣬˵̫ʦôʦģ
ʵһˣκīڹȥʼҲῪڡ
ľԨīԳɣ˵ԾʣϻǧǣУδԵɣҲԸ˵̫ϸ
ǰ𣿡û׷ϸڣʵĵ
ǻţֻˡ
ɨ˵ҡҡͷϧϧˡ
ǰͲðȥĿīиֳЩǰһû˵ȴɫҲ½뼫ƣŻһڵӡ
伣꣬ʱͻȻ֣Īʦͽˣīָо˵½ʲôϵ
ҲѪԵҲǴˣһͼ
㴧ⲻ޵½뵱һڣȴ˶飬˶½ҹҲٴһڵ⣬ȴ֪½Ӿưոݡ
½Ϊ½٣Զ½ٿˣͲ֪ΪôΪһʱܴ;Զ֮
ֻϧδ̬ȣ־Լˡ
ֻżȻɡ
Ͼ֮
̾һȰмʲôᣬӦ޶˼뿪ǰͥзʦҲڻ
ôһ˵СֹŮʦͽܣ͵㷨ʲô˵ġ
Ȼ֪һʱ᲻Ϊѳ룬ҲƴˣǺ޵ǶԷƳ¡
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ŲʲôʲôĪ˵һ«һ׹һ̳һ׹ȵó˱£͸
ī粻֪ԼĹȰȫ˶߷磬׷ǹʣҲ˵̫࣬תڵԨӽں֮ɽ۵ʿԼԶյ룬ʦӦľȥ˰ɡ
˵һҪ׷ȥļƣֵԨ۵֮ɽн磬޴޷롣
˵Ҳǡü鸴
Ԩʲôʱ۵ãƫƫҪѡڣǲۣ˵ܷһбԹ
¶볤Ҫз˶Ҫһ䲻֪ô¶ԷǶҲһ
ֻǶʵãֻˣôһ룬ɨˡ
ȻսĵŰɡ
ƴۻôõ·ֶֻܿ飬гԨӱ˸ֱơ
īҲ˵ҪսģԴһ̡
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Ů˾ͲԼ
һһ˼ûīҪôʱԷóɵ壬һҡ
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ǰֻ֪ǻӲ֪ѱΪۼʶϡ棬뵽˴Ųûвƽɻ
˴޻ϣǸҶΪβŵ
īȴһֻһֻ޽ѱѣҵʵȲš
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˵˾ǼߣΪȻ룬ܿ־þǼߣҲǼõġ
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˵Ѩδ룬ī¶صɫ֡
ʲô֣
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δ䣬ϮɫȹȻʧȥӰԷô뿪Ķ塣
ۣ졭ԸпȻԼīĲ࣬Ʋ
ʿУԽԽѣΪҲԽԽԿֲֶ
ΪܴܽʿʿҲԽڷսԪӤʿԪӤʿԻʿûпռϷ硣
潻һ˲ȵðԳǰδеģֻлôд
ʲôʱԼҲôͲηηţҲܴıӡǲ֪̫ܻܲǸʱ
˿ԼԺǲܵǸ磬ͺ쾭һ
ϾôС˵ǲǣһѾͷϬ֣֡
֪ΪʲôνһϤУƺʲôʱҲʲôˡСס
ʧǰ°ɡ૵
˵ʲô
īȻУЩ
һ̧ͷϮȹǰǸЦƿߣôô죿ûһء
ȷΣʱûʲôΣաī˼һջߣ˵ûѪҲûֻǸѰѨǵԼҴŻҴطˣҲó󷨣ŵ
󷨣
ֻǲ²⡣īֵ̾ھͺˡ
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ԪӤĩڣҼϣͻƾ磬ڣ޷ȥҲܷһЩ
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סϵѪս˴ӳ飬زʲô̽һץһźӰʱ䵽ǰ
⡭źӰҪôžһȥǺӰһţʮ
ǷҪһ߶
ۣȫѹ򣡡ֻŭźɫһƺֿȥٲȼ¡
īסʶ
⡭·ŷӦ߻ˣһܿ췴ӦָźӰҳʦ֣
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ûлƣͷǽǣͺѰڱ죬һźſ죬ȴҧסȹһ򳶡
ȥ𣡡ΪҪҧԼгںüƣһЩһͷԵŭʱִڸ߲١
īǻһؿڵߡ
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·
ƺöԣīô˵Ϳڣһȥɽһʯǰͣ¡
īֻɫĻǻȥʯ¶ɫ壬һڻڻһһϢˡ
롣
һ˿ڴһЩܽΡ
лҪ˵Ǹ͵ҴǮ̫̫Ȼ֪˭˵һָл
Сÿ춼ģġ֧һ¾͹ԼЩʳhhhh
PSС㣬βοOWǸмĺƤС㣩


42 
Σ𵤾٣ֻǿάһϴûɵ¾һ飬ɵԼȥһžͰһɢˣֻס
û´뼫֪Щʲô
йغˮޣֻʿйأڶǰţʵԼһ²⣬ֻҪȷС
īʱתǿɫ
ǽʵأȴκһ֣Ϊܹ񾳽ī㶼޷˴ˡ
ߵߵƽ䣬ǣ㿴ϳ˵ģóһöһ
˴˽ΪӲĽп٣һ֮£ɫϾûκλۣͷϸһ߶ûС
˫Ŀյ룬һҪúһʡ
ī¾ȼҩֶЩΪ޸𵤣֮һǰսģ̫أֻʱסҪȥսѰͨҽʿС
·ϣīϸϸһ룬ȻʵΪʲôʦ֣
ƽȴɣҲǣļ죬һֶûᵽʲôʦ֣ͻȻΪ򱧲ƽ񾳽ĸʹ˵ܻ᲻ɡ
ӸɰͰЦʡȥһЩϸڡ˵Ҳ͹䡪򵥵ɽǳǳ
Գƽ룬˷ԭҴʦ䣬ұΪʦѣ˵Ǿͷгǵĸ·һ١ⷬڱŶʮίǻ
˵ֻ꣬ͳͺ˼͵û̶սĺҷֳʦֱճˣʹʦ󣬱¶µĶ֡
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ԭҲ¶ı顭Ƚյţ
ӡǹźƿ׵ЦݣЩգмץڴԲȴЦǺǵģЩҪʦ
ȴأָ߸ϵȻС
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ǰһˣʱɧȻ˵ֻܽ̾Թ˰ΣʹѰ
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̾ͬʱһ̾𣬲ƫͷ
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лҪ˵cp


43 
˱ûʲô飬Ϊ֮ǰ½Թ֮ûֻΪʵ̫ҮֲǿӰˡ
˼˭ҲٴԷ˦˵ȨʲôûУҮվһ߶ŭĿӡ
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ζƮҮĿⲻ֪ʱѶǿڵĹϣǰŲʣʲô
ĵƱԺ
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ҮϥߣˮӾôûаǹϡ
ʲôû˵ɵþǳѧõһμʶߵѧȻɢһֺ޲ýߵǿϢ
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ԴΪҮЩȴʧ£ҮһƱ뿪ˡ
ֱԶֹѵҽ顣
һ⸱ӣͻȻī㣬ĵǲǸðҮܸī㣬ɻûü룬ȻһֱĿڡ
ɱʱâڼһ˲Ҫؿڡ
ʼϲ֮гʱ䶼ûУȶ
ʯ䣬ֻһĨǳɫĹâסͬʱǵ⡣
һĽ˲˼סʲôʮöܲ͸磬ҲסöԪӤ
ܿ죬ܻ֮𣺡ⲻܣ
ԼЩϤӹ⣬ɿ콫öڡ
ըѣ֮ԳΣһòӢӣüһĨݣܳƵ
ܿϳüëһЦⲻʦôһ꣬ò̴棬ôϲء
Ƕһ꣬˾ѲǰױŭЦʦ֪컹᲻е
԰վһ齣ҪĩΪΪʿһӾȡ¶Է׼ϧȴ
ɵķ󣬾ǽʿ޷ǿгƣοܿ뵱īĴ
˷ھء䳰ȷųһ̽·֮زز
˾Ϊ޲ͻɱ֣ȻΪϢ˶ڸ
ѰʱʱϿպȻܲÿһζ˸źâٲȻ뷢֮ơΪͬ˾ΪסӣȴϾǾ֮ɫȻ⻯֮겢֮С
⡭룬ֻǰһ߻ָȴԼֻص˺ϡ
Үǰţ˲٣ȡ֮ĺ⡣
˿̵ȣʶ·ֻǶϷ
ָֻһ̧һˮԺڶûУͬʱԶ֮
ԭôġ
򰵰զ࣬𲻾ǰԼϪе£ʱԷȻ㹻ģһҮһΪѾˣЩʲôˣȴҮɫһ䣬ֽ֦ɺǰ
𣬽űʲôϣȻûгƣȴ֮þһζ
֪˶ãعƽȣ򻷹ܣֳȴҮסĵط඼Ŀȫǡ
ˡɺҮšŵü˿滺û뵽֡
֣ɵֻʶǸ˾гйأ
ϣҮǵһ˵˾ֵӣһΪͽܡ
˭
гǿ䣬䱦ķ֮һġ
ͦġֹ
èұɱġҮĿЩ꣬ҵ꣬һڰ
˾֮ϣû
Үܵص˵ͷǡ
ܿ죬¶ɫ૵ˣһȥԸƵġ
æһסֹһգʧмȵȣҲܰ㡣
Ϊôͣô⻰ҮûߣȻǲš
Ϊʵ֪Ȼôֱ׵ָǷǳջҧҧǿסҮȭĳ嶯ֱس˵˼仰
ӿǰҮŭݣȻû¶˿ţζ΢Ц
ûκεôı鸺ֶǳɫ𣬽ͼ˺Ķ⡣
ҪԸ˾ӱʹһԱЦˣǺ𣿡
Ү죬ü˵̫ƻˣҲ㡣
ЦⲻӦ˲İơ
һģӮҲ޹ؽҪ˼Ժٴ˾ǰֻǶҮ˵ȴֵȨѡ
вҶ۵Ҳֵܴ࣬˵˲࣬ǡǡ֮һ
ܿ˾
ûаʲôæҲ޹ؽҪϾгǴ֮λΪ£˽֪ܡ
ʲôҮ⡣
̫ʦʦĻʦָҡɳֵ治ɫ
ãȻȥҮץסӰת˲ʧ
սԱٽ֮ɽѳ˯꣬ȴ˲ڹֵӡ
O@һ죬ֻһѩ׵Ӱеϸ֦ͣסһֻֻͣһʧĨӰδ¡
Ƭ̺һĨѩ׵ӰǴָֻϸ֦һ㣬ϣڵеӳµۼһ˲׷ȥ
ǳ룬߰ǰ͵ִսģȴ;бһֻ͵ȥ뺣ֻȥ׷ֻ
Ѵľʦǵ֪սģȻΣգѰ뺱Ҫ֮¡ɽǰǧ뿴뺣֣֮롣
СȴǷޣΪԶ룬ٶȸǿ÷˼׷գȴʼһǽֺ󣬸Ǳ˾롣
ֻͨɭֱ֣ӽΪƽرƬɭѴǧ꣬ЩϵľûлεѲܱ״ݻٵĴڣֻܸ
ͻȻǰŨصУڱޡ
һ˲ͿһѪɷӿ졣
δ˼ҲδƬͣڵɾֹˮһδïܵӰͬʱٽ֣ڵĳֱָѪ⣬˪ƴȴǰ龰ֹڽ⣬
ǰһƬĹȵأ汻߰ѪȾ޴ѾȥϣһĸŮӡ
벻ʶϳϵɫԼ뺡
ϵʾͷ纣¥һǵʮӡ
һһŮȥûսĽ
Ȼ㲻˽⣬Ҳһ֪Ľ°ݷ壬֪´ΪߵĽǽ𵤺ڣЩͻƣҲֻܻԪӤΪŮȴԪӤڣԶݱȼ磬ɢŲһڹɷ
ԷӦͲĵȴûκηӦĮϳ
һѪɫĳ˸ұѪɫǿܸ֪ŨѪζֻ޵ۻƵһ̮һѪûǱУֻһưܵĹǼܡ
˸ѪڻʣֹϢųĿϵѪŨ
ԼУ·ڶը졣
Ůӻ𽣣̧з뽣һµѪɫ
Ľǰô


44 
Ǽʵ廯ӿɱ, ֹסŲ, Ǳ, Ůӵݡ
ֻԷһڵӡ
, ޼صĴڡ
ʶ鿴Էϵ֣ȴס, ɷܲ͸ϽԷס, òʱûƵĺ󣬱治С
˭ʡ
Ůûлش𣬽лĻ, ǵֱָüģս
ǵͳɤ֮, ֲԭ, ƺʲôһ
ݡ
𣬻һߣԼ仺ıʵճǳǳһߣ֮ս⣬ҪտĹȵ顣
ͬʱ, ڵĳǳĹ, ӭǵѪȥ
ﬣһ, ˫ţɲǼһ˲
ؾţһ˲
Ƭȵر֧, ޷ִãȵصĹľ̻Ϊм
رɫĻе֮ơ
˵Ӱٳ߸߿գɽŮ¿տյȴƽأǱѪɫɢ޵ɫʡǰֻѪɫ֮Ѫ
ƽϢҵһڵĹѹסĽתΪ׹Դʱסơ
ԷΪ֮ϣԶԽܴĴʹǲһڵĽκһʶĽ
ǿܸƲǽ
޷ΨСɱ֮һ֡
ȽδռϷ磬ʱͬ
ڵеӳĨѪɫѾˡ
ĲŮӣǱʿΪΪͣǰȴǽȻ෴
ΪִΪ͡
Ǳĳĸо麣ɢ֪ʲôҲϾȥֱʲôΪԷһֹɽӭȥ
Էͻ䣬תϮĿڣûϵȴڶԷ˲͵ת
ƺԴԱܵķӦĨѪ⼴ûĿʱڵĳֱز£Ѫа£һĺɫָţᵴӰ˲䣬뽣ٴ
ȴһ֮ǰԳƵ
ϸӰɳֱֱ׹棬еķٽֻʣǰ硣
ŮھԶվָüģĽˡ
ǡһʱͰĽ֣޽
ˡŮгһ˿΢Ĳ·̶ڵõҪġ
ȴԼĴһ֪ƵģɫȻǱüҲãջؽҲãԴ˺ģʳǸ⣺˭
Ů˿ᱨԼ֡
̡ҪӴɱҵĲ£һҪֹɱ
Ÿͱڼϵһֻһƣ֪⻹ģǡðδϵ˿ϣʱ۵ɫҰ׵Ҳһ˿
ʲôֹֹܲ߳⡣
ɤӦǼΪĵģȴеļڽ̧һϤӳ
һЩһüۺЦŮԶһЩһˡ
ǵɽйڵˡ
ǣս֣ûѪɫࡣ
Դ˵̬𣿡ڴһҪҰȥͶ̥˰ɡ
ң뿴λɣһڵΪʲôҪңҪʲô
ǡ
һЩɢŮŷﻹˣԽ򣬿һ׷Ůͯڸߴķϣһ
ƺڿ̷ѾɣߵߣһЩһɳΧһȦΧס⸡֣ǵڣܿ;øոձ򰴵ĵطʹѸˡ
̫ʦҪҽڻȪ·ˡ˵Ҳ֪ڵʲô
ǰ׷ŮͯǱƵЩ޾ɣ֪Ĺ໹ԭú˽ǰһվ˵ɡ
˵˵ʲôһͷˮ
ûȫԼ£˸Ůͯȴ˵̫ʦˣھôûͷû֡
Ĳ壬̣бıǸӣ޶ȻȴɢŲݱ粵ơ
̶̰죬¡
ݵںˮ뷢˲ܵĽ磬ǽʵһڣͨδȴ޴ӵ֪ǿƻǽ磬ȴֽͨһõˮԴƻǼˮԴȻ̮٣Ƿν֡
ٱ󷢶ֻͨͨԪӤΪ˻ޣڻʿᵼڽ٣Щ֮һʱ޼ƿʩ
˭֪滹ʲôԪӤʿóȻܿȥǿƻ˽ֻʹаҲҹȻΥ
Ȩ֮Ƿסˮ룬ٴӳ顣
һǣ䱦ٱֵķУмгҶҵӡֻҶҵϵ˽¯ķŻᱻӡ
к岻ҮȥҶսĵıʱѾɵ˰Χ
ֹҮӲľٶֱʲôҮصһס֪¡
ݺͷ纣¥ڣȥ˸ǣ£ȻΪһڵӣԲɱⱻǣУֻʦͽڡ
ǰƣһǰƣҮǿ
Ҳ޻̫֮ԣҶۣôӡķЩĵпܣӡֻҶ۸ӲܽӴҲʵ
Үڿһ䱦󶯵ֽţʹҲ̹ûл͵ӡ
ӡǷ¯ȥģӡֻˣϿӡķ٣Ķм¼ںˮ뷢ֵûһԵϣֻҶ۵ġ
Ѱƽ֮Ү˵һֱһַ꣺һ˼޻Щ˶û𣡡
ҪҲǲܡȴ˵
ʲô͡
½٣ȻͼԵ֮תˮ½ͷϣϾ̫֮ԣֻҪܴ½ٴҵƵķͿȫƵͷˣֻϧûü½ٳ־ͱǰײƣһ񡣡
Ҷۺ½ٵѪĿãͣЩ˵ҶΪˣʵҲΪȻ
ܣôôڮٰƣ
ҳӡˡ
Үļ٣侲ѪʼնǳЦҮ֪˵ĶǶԵġ
ֻǱȶϷ˶ٵļ޻ҶҲֻܳܡ
ֻܿǸˣνֹֻԹ۰ˣѩ̿гǵȴŻϽ͵ġ
ʲô취𡭡ͷɥʣȻϧ
ûСȻǸֶϧˣںضҮҪĿ⣬̶ʱûУԺС
ʱгǶˡ
ٲãʵҲܾҶӴ˵һĵĿԧٲãܻضº߶κβǣ˺ξ塣
ôô˵һ𣿡
ˣҲ
ʱ𴫻˵ˡ
ѹ£ͷϳ飬ɹ˺ܾöû¶һ֡
ԥòȰ䣬Үͷس
ҡ
ʲô𾪵̧ͷ֪ŮӺɴû뵽Щ֪
Ұ㣬ﲻϰƣҾͰȥι㡣ҮЦв󣬾һָ룬Ǳ͵˰ѽʲô
Ӻδ֪˭ǲǼ̣뼱Сֶ˿ڣ˲˴ʹһ۲գҮ׳һ⡣
˭Ҳʶʶϵͼڣ֪ΪʲôһֱùɽҮһģʱˣҴŲҲ֪ôġ
ѽȻҶͬˣ򰵵ȻһЦж绹׿˵ɣ˵ǻҪ׷ϸڵģƾҵ̣㻹һһӣôװʲôûô
ҡ뿴˿Үֿ˿ٶ¶飬Ƶĵ˵ͷðɣҸǣһҪҵ̡
Ӧһڵӣ£һڱضи
л̾һԭίΪۻ٣ùɽȴΪɡ
أ쿪ǰ䶯ңսһսУЩɣ͵۽У䷽Ҵ档
ļأǶ̶̼仰ȴȻȫΪ档
۽ͣٻһĹǱ磬䱻ڵ۽֮£彣ûжϣǱӡڵصףһ֮ùɽΪػ
ѪǱڵĿľɱ¾ѪתΪͨУҲŵ´ҡ
Ϊʲô첻Ǳʣ֪ŪһȲ裬ţýζ
ô鷳Ķô붼Ҫٵɡ
Ǳ͵۽һ뽣϶Ϊһ۲ۣ۽Ҳδܽնϣֻܽӡɵ¯Уֱٺ󣬴˽𣬱Ҳûܴ¯ȡ˽˵⣬üʵҲΪЩǴ˵ֱۿǰѽӵ¯
ǰѽӡڵ¯֮Уػ˽ٶ˼䣬¯ϷӴĹ˶Ŀ˴ĹУҲ޷ҵǱҪĹеĵػ򿪣¯ִܵӡļ̨ŰΪʿԳܣԼδйء
Ѿ˼꣬Լ̫ػһµǼ٣̾Ȼ֪Ǳķӡأܺȡ
Ǹ̻ͦӵ
а֡ȴմ¯ʱ޷ʹǰѽǱץסͻȻһ˽ˡ
˭
ҲʶǳģҲ֪ʲô磬Ҳûпĳࡣҡҡͷֵںˮ룬ҵʱ˴Ҳºܾܿǵˣֻû뵽ΪѾز
ԪӤ󣿡
ǣ
ںˮҺһ׷ɱ޵ʿû峤࣬˿һۣЩϤӦþ̣ΪԪӤΪҲû뵽͵
¬ʦֶںˮѰ죬δټ˼زһ䣬֪ȥ򣿡
⡭üŬ䵱Ƴ򣬺۾һϡ˵롯ʲôģҼǵᵽһڵĽ޳ӣӦȥҳˡ
žһ
˱ӡ


45 
̡֪Ůӵֺ, ֵ, Ϊһڵ, Ӧ֪˷ɽּ, ͬҲٸŹ棬Ӧǰȥ췣
Ӵº, 㽫Щϸ򶼼, ҲۼδΥӣѭݵհ
ΥŹĵӴԼǰȥãǰǵִ, ֹµ;ѡ
˿ⳡһŹ
Ů˽ֱָҪ, ׸, ȴޱöԷȥ췣
һ˿ΪγΪλά㲨ģ䵭ֺ̶һ˿ݻ۵׵Ѫɫ
Ϊ󽣵շתﱼƸɽȴ̨֪һɵ, ֻ͵͵ĥ, û뵽ⳤȴһŮӤֱΪ״
Ǹ˲Ѵ֮͵õҪģǵ, ԼӵбֳһֺĮȻų룬Ҫ֤صǴġ
̨岻Ӧֻгһˡ
Ǹ˸а취ʱ, ֻԥƬ̣ʹӦˡ
Ĺ׹¯ΪڽΪ¯һ˲Լ
Ӯ˳룬˫ǰƽͷ·һжֻǸЦɻҲꡣ
ⱾӦ
ۣΪ㲻塣
˵˼Ļ
ϻ˵ǰƽˣ˼ַꡣ
Ķҡදҡ
벻ģΪεĽл¶˴Ҳûͼ˽ͷ
Ҫֻץס
΢࣬һƱĽϻصĽϻɵѪŽϻһƣסѪһΣ𴦣֦Ҳ֮ǰµĶϽ
ٽУΪκο֮޷ľѪĽΪĽС
ЩڴɢĴ֦ڳ˵С
ϻػǱصλá
̿У֣ѪЩ֦ʱΪ۳һ֦ʱٶ˽⡣
ӴȡһѽƷʺ͵͸ǰѷɽ࣬Ī˵ȽϣǺͷٽҲԶԶ
ںҪһѽЩ֦̫Զˡ
˶ѡ
ֻһ˲£âû⣬бϷɳ
ܼ򵥵أһΪ
ǼѪ飬ȻѪ˳ǳɽмġŵҩ
һЩѪ˳ڣܿ˳Ϲ䣬ǵۼû¡
ǱͬŽֻǰնϵķٽһ׳׹䡣ĨѪҪûƺʱ̲ŸܵʹҧأԸ¶μҪȥ׷ǰѽԼ޷ʱ¶𾪡
£гѲµĽ
ԭǲЩģϲ󷨣ΪԵһԲʱһѧһЩʹӱ㵥ֻţҲɣջۣڲһûʲô򣬵Ҫסһླ˵ˣҲʲô¡
̹汻סˣ˿ڲסѪȴȻˣǱʧ֮Բȴ͸Ϣ
ЩԸţƬ֮ǰռϷ磬ΪʲôͻȻ֮ȫܣĻᶼޡ
Ϊʲô૵ΪʲôתΪʤ
Ľȡ뿴˿ĶϱۣƽڵвκϺûоţֺܶ޻䣬·ûκ仯һƿȥֵԪӤΪϱӦ޴󰭣ɺСʦΪơ
˵ʧķһʱ֪¡
Ѱ¹ؽҪѺͻҲ¹ؽҪΥӿýãû˸߹ء
Ǳٶȿڣ׽㲻ȥȡ𣿡
ǲҵĽ˴
һ֣ȷҪȥûǱἰȻûȥȡ˼רע˼ĽͬҪ¸ξ
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ڣһ֪δ
ǽ䡣ֵţδȳӦͻȻһ
Ҳоˡ
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ˣĨѪɫǻ˹УϵĹâٶ
ǰѳĿȫǵĹȵأϱ鲼ֻ̣մͻᱻһƤ⡣
ǽޣвΪ壬ԭزһ񣬻ӳһӰգ۵Ĺͽֻնɱ
ǻиӿһֻֻϰֻаʮֻԪӤġ
ǵأˮƵģؼܿ챻ȳζռݣÿмʮֻǰ̣ѵļ϶ޡ
ܿ죬ͷЩ޺ǰԸĲһ
Щ޶Ƿ˿˻𣬵󲻷ֵңŲƵֹݣЩޱ˺ķѣ֫ڷɱ
ٽѶϣֻܴ߶ǱƷʵ齣նɱֻԪӤ޺֧սһŵȺܿҪû
׷ɵצԼĽĶҺֲ֧˶þͻᱻش

ô˵ǱɢâѪ
۵׵Ŀȶǰѽϴġ
ɱ¾ֱֹ
ԼУǰֳģӰľ
ѪȾӰνָ죬Żأݡ
Ӻ͵ϮޣҲһǷһ˲ԭֻ֮ʣǳǳӰӡ
δ̸ܵƤʹǽͻֱۣûͣ令סִؼǰ
ҪƷѽи˵
֪ƷǰϰȾϿ׽һУƺǱܡ
֮⣬֣̽ؿǱһһƶֻһһ壬ˣû֡
Ժиûֵͷûпп޶ڽ֯ĽлΪѪ
Ľ⣬ԼĽ⣬֯ܲ͸ûκܿ

Ѫ죬ûһõƤڴʱ̵¶ָӣֱ麣
޵֣ΪסĽ⣬ɭȻĽż𵴣Ѫָ콦һϣ˴ɫȹڣûй䣬Ǵӡ·ǲѪǻ
ͻȻ֮䣬һʧˣסǰѽ
ݼŵռƬء
а飬飬ռ޶ޡ
ɷҲãҲգȫȻ޺еĽѹƣЩ޴³ݺύĽӰķѡ
ǽ֮Ҳת˲ҷ̿ȳһѪĿڱһãһϢҲɢʱͻȻͣ
뿴еĽֿ¡
׹ǶѻɽÿһضѪȾ죬ﲻɽȣѾһƬѪ
ҰѪ죬ڵǿһ֪ʲôסǰѽ۷ʲôƺûʲôϵ
֪Ѫɴ䣬âϢУʹ鲼Ѫɢұ֮⡣
Ӧý˰ɣôʱһʯƿնˣֶһ̧񵲣Ȼ㷢Լ̧ûˡ
һأָ˳ſѳû׹䣬Ƿһ
Ҫὣ޶ȥֹ
ҲûֹͷΪѽġ
һĨѪȾӰ˹ȥסǰѽ
̣һۣûһֻȥսǽ뻳У뿴Ѽ
֮Ϣֻһߣʱ
סҲûάΣ׹ȥ
һڵĵӣӦԼֵ̧ʣˣֻעԶ
̲ѪʱȻٶȸֳҫ۵Ĺâ
µĵ汻ѣխĵط£ԨкѸٱ£ٶȻָѪȾء
ʱ伫̣ڵһɲǣ뿴淭ڵĻ⡣
Զƺŭ֮
Ϊ˵ǳײĶľһ㾫ɽ£ڵӳ׵Ѫɫ
ûһ֮أսδϢĹսǶ֮ء
һе
УĲΪѪ֮
ʧˣǷǲľ˻𣬲ڰ뿪˴ֻһˡ
УϤ
ͬǴɣ룬ɽбб£ѪС
⼴ʵѪʱӺһᡣ
Ѫɫȳ֮ѸԶȥ˵档
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ڷɽϣ΢߶һ˫ȳǳ
ôҡüܿչЦ⣬ֱַۣǳɫȥѪԼЩϸС˿ڡ
סһŷɽܿ
뺱һ䣬һԼܿԭëɫĶ˳ȥСԹ
ֻëƤͦõģϧ˸ӡ


46 
ˮ¯л³, ǻζҩѬ, ҩռÿһ, ճ˻İϢ
ŮӶ, ˫ĿգĽëŻϢ΢, ¶֦ͣͷɵ, ذ׵˳ȾԷ˿˳ֱͦļк£Ĳ, ףһ, ȴǰμ
Ⲽ˽, ƣǵ㣬˿˿಻ûŮڣȴʼδ˿Ѫɫɫµķ, ԰׵úδɫż
°, һֻһһߵű߼ĿⲻСľͷʵľ, ¯ǰ׸ֿҡҷӰӣϸϸÿһ, ľмȦľƶգǳеӳƽݡ
ÿһΣޱ߼ߵܻᶨͬһ·Ǿͷ
ֺգ־ܹճһģһɾǾã֮Щֻһģī
ֱ˲£ټȴֻĸо
ЩѾϣһ˿ӰӶѰÿÿ뼰ܻḡֳһ˿ֵĺ
ֻЩƤˣءĹҲԼǱϷɽֻƾԼ̯ѪУǱⶪʲȴȫȻģǱ̬ˤ볾˫ڵжǵ㲨
סһ˲ΪѾˡ֪뻹ţ£кԪӤ˿٣ȴֹŹֵĸоԼסǸˡ
ôң
Ǻˮϯռͷÿһĵһͷ
ǡֻһָ֪˭ֻ֪Ϊ˸ۡ
żȻҲãҲգҲһΪҲʮıҲǣǧϰ١˭
һ˲ŭУһ뷨֮ǵѪȾذӰĨƿһڡ
üͷչĪظйǡ
ƬӦʲôûеУ˹⡣
ת˲ţ֤Ӱ
⣬ǣΨһů
ߵָͣסۣɫԵԱ۵׳˿Գ֮Ϊ
˼죬д˼졣
ֻһߵ뷨΢ĺΪȷ䡣
֪ʲô֪ǻΪʲô
롪е֣ջбƵ䡣
ǵԼʹΪʲô̫ʦһ֣ʵѾӶ˵ԵɣֻЩǸĳӿ˵ƽ嵥ص֪
ԶгǵŮ˵Ȼ£Լȴ֪һЦЦᶼˡ
ߣ֮ף࣬룬𣬳ʹ档ŮϣĪ˵ǻ𣬱һ˿һůⶼѰţǱˮҹĲѶҪøůһЩʱóЦ
ڿǵĻ⡣ȤҶˡ
̲סٴļ̵֣ⷢ롪
Ӧúʦ·δŵɤԲԶĵૣ󽥽ɺ޲۵ֱߡ
ǣ̧ͷ˫̹ϵڵĺУƫƫͷЦԺֹͣõָٴߵ߼һһ£볤ëĲġ
̲֪٣ҶۻһʬĿġ
̫̫ž֮ϡ
ҵһֶû˵ͺۿʼϢмȥµһĪչֻĵȳ
ѣӦȥ֪ͨˡڱҪ꺮ů󣬾һеȥȻǽúȥδӡ
¹شݲðء
ƫƫ˿һ㶼ûгȥ˵Ĵ㣬Ҳûʲôʺ
ǷѾָûﲻ֮࣬һֶûС
ôߵָڣػشų룬Цӡ
Щüޣأ
Ȼ밲Ȼı㶼ҸһߵС¡
ƫҪ㳤أЦӯӯи˼飬֪ʲôһ𰸣ʦŽɿʮ飬ɨ꣬ʵҲ
һŹͷڲĥʯʮ飬ʦŽʮ飬ͷɨꡣ
ΪΡʡ
棬𲻾ǰĳҹΪҪЦ
Ϊô
ǵǸˣԴҲ뵱ֺ
봹ɫһŭϲ¶ĨںײĻ˼ŶԷӦԡ
սᣬԲֱԼһɣţȻ˳
룬κ˷ԭ겻Ϣķ磬ȴע⵽ǰƺһ´ĳ־
Ϊ뿪ֱĪɢִϢ
ţĻüëûƿĿ⣬̹ȻǵηĿ⣬һЦǷĴЦ
ǳŪǷ̣ǶǴ⻶ЦЦؿڣҪһ飬絽ǰһֹ̽סӣͷһ²
ûǣȻǵá
Ҹ㡣
ǹƻƵɤܵõҪģһˣš
ĵҪ볾һ
ʲôܻõҪġ
˳Ϊ뿪ûܴЩ㹻ζΡҲ
һ޷ԤϵĺǾ͵ʱ˵ɡ
ˡ
͵Ͼ͵Ƭ̡
ƬϾ˼
СģŶȴĸɾ䡣
еذ׽磬֮ǰһӻĳɹ֮һӵƵǶ߿űʯɢŻʵϢȻôʵɺذվǰУƤ׾١
ųǳǳ΢Ц繣һֵֻĶ˿ˮâһѪȥ
ڵмƬ֮ʣرǳɫĹâ֣ذױһɲΥԶɰв
Ȼˡų뻳ǸͲǡ
ǳɫĹâͲϷïֵȡѪͲ񵹱˱ķͣʱï涯Щֽš
֮֮ôҵǣҲͲĹ͡
ڴ˾ӹһٺģǲ֪гڣýæһԡ
治֪ʲôһ䣬ɿȡͲ´ôֻѰϰˡ
ʱïµϻȡݸ
ԭίüо֮ӹϻһϻӡסҪô򿪣Ȼ뽫ϻŽûпڶۣ֪зӡҲǵïֻ
˺üӶûܽϻ򿪣ÿïߵĴæ˸֪Ժ㡣
ڣ֪ĻΪĸü̾
֪ʱֻ˺һӣʱȺ⣬ȻҲЩڡ
ȴû
ïֺͰ䶼ޣñȻҲ
ҲǡͲϻԼ䣬Ȼ֪˴ʲô⣬ЩչǺõģһɨӴԽԽһѯʳЩӵĶ
ӵʲô
ƳǿŰɫʱһɵһʳ룬ȴ˶Էеĳɡ
̹̹ģȴڳɡ
ķۣǳиֳǽԼ
ǰûųٶ̽϶Էֱָ밵ɫѪֻһ㱡ƤظǴϢͬ
˵йصģҲʣҲӦңˣ͸Ӧøˡ
йأ
ҵʦ£Ȼйء
ͷڳӰµӿɣüۼ͵Цǡƴ磬ָµȻЩָƵ漴˼ֵƤ⡣
ǿڹĶӣΡ
еĳƬ̼øŨأˣԭĿռš
Ϊǧȡ˵ģһ
ûΪ䵭飬һѪǵĳֺԵɵš˵ԴߣЩ֮Уϸϸ뽲ľȻڶԷֱϣ·ʲôȻĶ
ǧȰ֣˼ӣȻǻȻϲ
ǲеǻɡ
㲻ǣҲҪǻ
Үſڣ֪ʮξͼš
ڿ˵԰꣬һμȥˣ޲ÿһʱûУɽָӦôϢ
ΪʱűˣȥſڵӰһ㶣̶Цã
˵һѽҮϽ˷䣬һ۲գ
֪ģǧȵȡҶйص¸ңȫ


47 
սԱʮɽ, ഫ˴ǵն, ǰˮ֮ƽ, Ӵ˶ˮ丣, ԭӴ˱ɽ
ɽһˮΪ, ǺʿΪǵ֮, ҲʢһӣȻʱգ˼ǵõ֮, Ȼͥ䣬õķ紵, Ϊһ档
Ϊɽ֮, زʲô鱦˶࿴һۡ
գư֮ȴ˷ÿͣǸŹʵķÿ͡
ϵɽ֮ͼչ˸뾫޼, ĵ, ǰڱѩмǰʱˣгǿ䡢ͬʱҲ䱦֮һ顣
㣬ǿǽϵŰ, ֮ſС
źǹ۾̨ȴȻͬ࣬һҳûС
Ȼڴ˴˽硣
۾̨, һŰһţһ̿ʼûõ֣ݵӶϣִӣдǿλȴٳٲӣ鿿̾һ֣δӣǽӷŻ¨Ц֣ѰҺ£
һȣϵĲ¼ªúܣͷľ̶ǸһƶϴЦݺͰ¿ӡ
еʺȴһģ˫־üƽϻ̳Ͽ֣йǧȵġ
ԭⲼӾгǵҶϪ
гҶңӺݻӡö޲ҶϪȴһϮ鲼ʱǱɢ޸ӣҲ˾ԭ֮һ
Ľˣܵõ˵𾴡
ӣΪĸ֪ҲǱɽһǡ
ǧôˣ˺ҶϪԴǶްʧ񴦡
һڵĳӵսģǧŵһ֮𡣡
ɺԼõĲһҶϪЦԵЩҼǵǧӦŹӡ
ġ¶ɫ½˵Ӧ˲˳ӵûдӦýֻ֡
ǡЦȻЦеůȫȻȥҶϪ૵Ҿ©ˣױ䡣
̣֮ò˰δָʾ׳ŵӵ츳վֻһһͨӣΪҪ
ͨҶϪ֣󲻿÷ЦһԨˮˮ˴Ϊ󶯸ɸ꣬º߸ʦ棬ͨ
ԨӶԸïǴնаţʵΪʲôһĿȻ
⡭һʱԶԣ˼Ƭ̣̲סʵ֪
ԼʮǰһսйصĴԾʹδͣЪʮ˵ɽŹ£Ͻ罣תڤʯΣܣ˵硣Щ޻̸֮ڽյϣ볤йһ֮Եóȴ˵츳벻ӣӵѰʿûʲôͬǴӷ̥֮һġ
Ҳ֪ͷʲôҶϪֻ֪̾ãһʧʱ֮ɽҶһϣҪҵġ
ҸȰǧȣ
ɣ鷳Ҵһ仰ɡҶϪ䣬һöУǧá
ǡպӣ˸񣬡ĳиˡ
ֻתһ˿ӡ
Ϊ뱻֪ԲŽнת
ǲ̽Ѱ࣬Ȼʵֻܳ䵱ӡ
ϢԶȥҶϪִһöӣϵĺ㽥䵭Ϊռݣָһöת˲㻯Ϊĩ
һ˲ͬ۾̨ʧˣֻ˺һҵĵ棬ҡҡ׹ľ
ָһ˵ģûãһֻľܳӰһξûƶˡ
ŨܵƲ½ſ֣Сϣܿ컯һָ̣Ȧɢȥ
ǳɫзЩڽ
ҶϪ絶棬ĩ΢̾ϢǺڵķ̡
սĳĻ԰Ҫ˽լԺӻСԷиС֣ʵУһ֡
д˼ƣȻʩ·Ҷ۵ơ
ǸԲˣԶԲͰϳЦͲ۾Цһ춼۵ĸо
ӵսĳտίƷﲻĪڿĿһģһ˵ܸ衣
شŶǰ̴ӣ֣̽һ̴ӵ־ͱһƴ򿪡
ŭתͷĸ۵ģӳȴǶƵ
ûˣԭӴʱԳ
㱻Ű𣿡֪ǱֽߵģΪԷǻȥСӣôһǲ̫˳ĵӡ
Ҫܡûȥ̴ӣæֳֻ벻Ҫˣ
ѵװ˵ӣ
ûװӣеǵӡưһۣЩܣҲ˽ĿܵѰѰ̴ȥ𣿡
ᡣ
ǾͰֵ㣬Ѱ̴ӡ
ŶЩ鲻Ըջ֣ӣЩΪȻֹҲ̫Сˡ
ƺһۣƬ̺̾һۼ
ʱͻȻƾһͿھʦģ뵽ʲôʲôӣҲͿڵôʦģ
֪ġƵĿƵģƺ˵ʲô˻ȥһ̾Ϣ
̧Ϯ¿ȥʱ˶ƵƴӺζҲΪοò̫˳ġ
뾲һƧĽ䣬ߣžյ˵Щʲô
ÿῪʼǰеᣬսЩͷﶼ룬аСҲܽʦŵһơ
˳ǳȻڱ֮Уǰƶܴ󷽷ȥɴ˿ȴܣΪҶ۵ֿѣг˶Ҫֿܵѡ
гǾƲ󲿷ֶô˴Ҷ۶ҪɢΪлӽգһֶ˵˶ⴧĦ
Ϊ˴߲Żᱼһڣ⼸븸ִһʷҶûټʶ¡
ôĶǲ
ô˵תһֻʮ֮һ⿿ʯҲܽΪ񾳽磬־Ȼ
ǾȻȤ
㿿ʯ˻񾳽磬ء
ӹչӹš
ȥʦתһʺΣƳ˵ģ˹ǣ֤ţߺܿתһǰι̴ϡ
ƸлĿڣ׹ʲô⣬ѹȰ㻹ǲҪɲ̫á
ţ˵̴ӱ¶Ƥһġ
½ѡ
ԭˡ˵ͷ
˵ѣ㲻ǶˣҲʲôˡ
뿪ˣԶԶƳǸ˵µһӵֳ硣
ȷ紫˵㹻һĵƤࡣ
Ǿýոÿһ㣬ȻֻҪһлΧųת
ϾνòӣƤѪռ߷֣
ʱɼҶֿݵˣܹ鲻̫ѿοǽٷ硣
Ӧòʲôɡӣ˼۳㽫ߴǽ룬Ȼī˾һ˵Щʲô첽˹ȥ
һȥغīкǹʽƵģ˾ȥīһԡ
ǣʶСʣ˾Ҳһ£Ȼ֪֮Ĺڣ˵ʲôˡ
˵˰ɡЦʲô
һڣī˺þò֧֧˵ҡǰϵһֻ޿оˣֽһ
ֽӢˣ˳𣿡˵һȻԶ
㡢˵īʱƮ˵ˣһΪ˼һΪ˼ˡ
ǰ˾һͷ޿¾һŮ£ڳһʿﴫ˸飬˵ǸϡˣЩⲻĽīҲ⣬̲ס̽һ
ϣϵӺܿת˿Ц
ƽĶۣģĸɶд׷ߣҲһ˿ȸԾ
һ뿪ɽ˹գȻ˿ȸԾܿ͵Ȼ޴棬ˮһ£ֻʣ¾η
ͬˣΪر
ϵİգ˼ܲµʲôĵչһЦеļ򣬹صīѿ֪һ仰кջˮ
˵īΪҪ˵ʲôܣæһ˲ЦԶȥĻƮУ
˵⻰οԼ
Զ뻹ϤЦǱ߿ȥ㿴۵٬ЦԼīڵͫ£Լδܿ죬ڽº͵ɤ»ָ̬
ˡĳԣʳΪҪɵǧȣսдƸɽ
Ϊ봹ۣǰҹԸĻƽǧȴһƸɽͻеڶΡ
ƽɽȴնʱͷҲѹʲôĵӣʶ֤ĳضȫԸ
ûʲôء
Ƴյı飬˹ǣʹܺõؽһĨӰ¡
ȻԹźնˮģǱ𴦵ġ


48 
ԥв, ɽɽ, Ȫ峺ˮԴԴð, һӶȪˮ, ϥƽһѺȵı
ɽΪڵؽ磬޽, Ȼһ˵̤ɽ, ܳһʱ䣬˶֪´ˣֱǧǰ, ִĽ׵Ľ˻ڡ
Ӿǻڵ, ǧС
ϹŽ״, һʱκϴԽ̨Ұؽ£֮ʢѼ̡ǧţϰôĽûڴɽ֮ۼ򽣵, κʺͻ, ʼ޷ͻơ
ʱգѲ֪ǵڼ, شһ
ߺˡԾȻһվˡ
֮ϵ, һԳΣһӣһӷǧС
ǧнסӣݣɫһҡײƭ
˵ճǰһݣˮƵĳǺȥлΪһԻȥɽͷ
ǺȴϢزˡ
һ˲һϸ΢ʲôƿնܽ񵲣ȴһᣬһ֮µɫס
Ľ޲¶ˣһԷ½Ƕûմ
΢΢ţµ㿪Ǵһһ飬󣬿вԾ
֮ɽŮ塭
սĳǽЩ壬Ǹսᣬֱͥݡ
ԭӦǼֵģǰкˮԨ۵뺯ı͵дû֣˺ʹֹһαԹˮô㱻֣ȻгһǧֱʣҲ׬岧ӯ
ҶĪ˵ǰȥᣬǱݵŶˡսĳҶڵıݿ죬ʵѱΧܲ͸硣
гǣʮǰƽ֮ңЩŴʱҶϱݣ֮ƽˮģԼŵΪԨ۵һǰսĵģܼжʮųϽΧˮйͨ
ҶԭֻΪ˾˵ϳֵĻ񵤶ֻʮսģ󲿷˻Ȫɽˮ֮һ뻽ֹҲ
ԴӡֺͱڱУȻδʲôҲ޷⴫ʲôϢ뽭ռ󶼱ܾˡ
ֻҰοȷֺˮһڡ
ݴԲȴǼߵģı߶ƫ̻Ҷ۾Լ֮ԻܺԼΪҲôΣҪ㡣
ˣѾںֳɵˡ
ȴ֪гЩҾûĵˮʯġ
ǽ죬ֻ죬ֻԼײܿ˵ˣ˷ġ
磬ҲаҲգվҪġ
Ҷƣ롣
ܲ͸ֻһЩҪļҾߣǰڷһͭԭͭϵӵж⹵ͨǾҲֻܳ䵱һ澵ӡ
ոߣҪ⾵Ӻã
ΨһǿֵҵģûʲôͼӲݡ
ҶԶҮսĺԷ춼ܣҲȥݱΧʱҮǡòڣȥ˱ķա
ЩҮȻʱ̲ңʵ֪µ˲࣬Ϊгʱ󲿷Ҳֻ֪и֪ˡǼȳְˣȻ֪ҮʵǶţһ¶Լš
Ϊʲô֮ǿΪҶ۶Ү˽⣬£ԷһᴳѰԼģûǿʮа˾ǱȰסˡ
ȰסҮǽգǱǲеңˡ
סͷָߣ촽к̾Ϣ
ߺͭϣžбĵӰ˳ЦЦ
⿪ϵĺóۣǲƤݵⵥָһǼҪΪһ߻ϻ䣬ԭߵָ۽ǡ
ߴ̫ãԼģǲˡ
ҲԵضˡ
Ҳá
ͻȻһЩ춯
гǵסһⷿн磬޷֪ȴܸ֪Ҷָһߺͳգ۾ͻصϡ
ƿţһĨϸСĺӰУһʶͷһһֻʰ쵵֩ԾϸĽ֫ڲȻûϢմ㱻ǽϡ
ǽȴԳ룬ϻĮɢһصĶ棬䶼ѱ״ʵɲҶۼ˳Ծ˸
ЩԸģЩȻ綾ޱȵΪûʲôЩͥȻңЩ˺ܾܿͻЩУϾ䱦սĵС
ֻţûзº˵
Ͳ֪ⳤΪλˡ
Ѱ˼Ŀյ뵯һЩʬվȻżɽʡ
˵һ̯һֻɫĺ
ǸĺݣʲôԵſص˴Ҳע⣬Ҷȴϵ⺣ݵģڻг;Ү
дȻҮйأҲ֪ҮһУʲô
˼ǧ򲻶ɫ˳ݣȷϽŵ֪ʲô
ûһ뿪ˣңңӵע⵽Ҷл˸ɫһȥ
ΪʲôȥҰƵĲңһȥҶۣҮ
ȴЦϹӢΣûĶ
һָȲϣ˵ãһҮ
˰ǧȵ£޾ϸһԼˣҮûüģһԼ᲻Ṵˡ
ԭǣҲãƻҲãҩҲУֻ֮ҪԵߵС
ûвôİ취𣡡ʱͷ
ҡͷûС
ǻˣŲҪȥˡ
˾޲һңʦأָָڴĳ롣
ҮֻƳһ۾ͷˡ
룬ʲôɱ˻ࡣ
ò˵ǡôͷڳҮӣȻ˾ܿͰ಻סҮȥ
˾Ը֮ǰ³˿üһµĻǸˣܽ⡣
ҮԱ任òαװɷ΢ӣ˾ǵΪ޷ֻԼײ˴ˡ
Ү᲻թȴЦƾһζþɱֵӣܷй
Թ治١Ү׵˲鱨
˱óԻģ˾Ϊģ׾ٱ롣
˾Ȼϸ֮²Ѳµ֮ǧȣЩαͬ衣
ʲôиĴС³˿ҪѰ常Ȱ費£ֻ뿪Ѱ֮
ϳï£ʵһĿȻ
ô죿Үʡ
ܲܰסˡ
סأ
ǾֻܡͬھЦޱɣǣǡ
֮⡪޹ء
ⲻεǻҮٶͷ
˵ôҶЩУʵ
ʲôУ
Ǹƻʲôģ
䣬ҮǺǼٵģҲŲƭƣ
ҪضһѪָξܿҲı⡣
ҮҪһûˣ죬˵ˣ⡣
һ벻ڣ¿㾭ŪҮȡֻ֣û뵽ԷôŪһ˴¾ˣɰͰתƻԼòª䲻㡣
ֻһ˵Ϊ˵Ҷ۱½ٻݲŴߣ˵;ÿϾҶ۲ǲҮűˣǲӡ
˵ƳÿɺÿˡҮۣҲ֪ͳһˢչҫƵƵǰǽոҵĻ񣡡
ϵĿǣüȷʵ
գôϲ˻񡣡ֹһ䣬󻰷һתԼڵģ䲻ϣ
Ǽ̣ҲںҮʵڽ⣬ҿĸҩȫҲܾȵû
˵
ţ뿪ǰҾ˵˵òšҮ۵׸ֳɬ֮⣬ǰҺܺãҲҺܺãһ˰ɡֻʱΪûˮԴһ˺ܾãΪ˱ңˣزȥгǣΪϲ
˵ѽ̾Ϣκ˶ҪͬһȻעȴǲ𴦣ųꣿУֻʲô
㲻֪
ɻĿʶÿʼصҪ˷һˣװͰͻصôֲ֪ˡ
˵˲ҪҸ֡Ǳ˵̫ΣҮĿЩƣۣٶ༸ƻĬƺҪŻֻԱ𡭡
ʲôҲ㹻ˣɻûסԲۣԱ𣿡
û˵˵жûмء
𾪵񶢵Щ˼ҮͷŪָԭĲ֪ôΪǸ߹㣬ҲôȰɡ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ֻٴγɳҮԽ˵ԽСҷֻǰǺͯΣ֮ųߵġ
ԭˡͷȻǷߵĺͯƵģϸϸҮͷһͷŹе׷ֻԱǳ;𣿻
ԼġҮ̾һΪʱѾϲˣ޸ѡΪŮӡ
֮ʱ˵ع麣ȪȪۣһ̥֮ǡ
ʱʵҲпܱӣܱ֮𣿡
Ȼ㹻֣Ү֮ᣬˮΪβˮֶ㣬Ͳ࣬ҪŷֻԱҲʲôԽܵʵ򿴶ֵֹӼǣ侲㲻Ϊˣ𾪹ȥʣµıֹĺ档
еϹ֮ʲôι״ĶУҮôûˡ
ֻһֻһΣ˵ΪʲôҪˣҡ
˵Ұϲ˰ҲʹȻϿ˼侫ʷḻı仯
׷ǷĳЩ壬ʿ𴫵ݿһܵͬԽΪµȻ㲻϶࣬ȴҲ㺱޵޵ΪΪҪʲô⡣
Үƺûпǹ£죬˺þòǿһ䲻Ļҿǡǡ
һ޳˵ӣźĵشס˰ֵȣ˵ġ
Ȼ԰ĻѾȰסҮˣʲôƣɫɷ׵Ҽǵһ˶ӡʱֻҺͽһ˵Ůб𲻿ˣǽҲһ⣬ʵǲ˼ôԭ
˹ˣס£ЩԼ˵ˡ
ϴ᳤ҲǣŮôܵóЩֵֹĽۡ
ɤӣɫҲòŰûڣϲˣҲûϲɵˣ˵ǲǡ
ڰο𣿡Ү۵ŭ
ûаο㣬ڽʵһνӣٴȤ䣬ʱˣ̽ҮƲһߣЦݡ
ΣǲŶҪɱ
ûŶӡȷ밵ɱ
ʦûţ
С뽫һö뺵ݸʦ˵Ѿ׼ˡ
Ǿ͵ˡ
һǲףֻ˾йڣΪʲôҪ˴£Үü廰
ֻΪ˳˾ЩǣδҲ̫
ʦǧйڡ
Цӯӯ·ЩȻ¡
ȷǱӦ˷˵̬ųľı⡣
뻤ԶЩȽϺãǧ㡣
ӳе֪仰ʹⲻڶΡ


49 
ùɽһΪ, ĹǱа, Ϊʹ, Ϊ
ǰЩ, ǵʱ̷۵Ļ֮ӣ, ;, Ǳ񽣣ߣǾͱа
̤, Ϊ, ҲĶ֡
, и֮۽Ӧ˶
ùɽ֮ùΪϷ֮ˮԵʣݱ
۽ȥϽ磬ٴĺƽ˭赲
뿴졣
ΪѪȾ, 㸲, Ϳ̿·޴ӡ
Ȼ, ӳķӡ
һڵĿͷɨмĲãŻһ
ոĲξˡ
һ, ǽûĴȫǽҼģϢʱѻָ߳ɣһΪǼ񲻻ˣʿȲϡ
ýһӦǳʲô£Ժֻ࣬ǰ֮ػ˸չǸӣѾûˡ
̵ת֪ȥƬɽ̽Ȼǣֻҷ£ίһڴ˺㰲ִУĵǰӦ
ǰ˻ֻ˻ȥҴңֻ֪ȥһϷʲôϷûʲôͷˡ
ɫǲǸó߶һ£ַˣΪģԾü
Լûؾ󣬿ԼãԷȻΪӣȴЩаδ鷳»ٲκΪá
û©һŵľᣬһת鲻ģڵΣ
ɹգ޴󰭡뵹ЩԾ⻹һιƣﲻɵö˼־衣
ӳȣûѿھʶԷִʲô⣬ȴǳҳԷͼֻܴһһӦʱƣ⣬ʱϴν¡
ֻ΢΢һЦ˵ϴλｫ޽ǣմæûüл
أһھģӦõġ
⻰òȴû뵽ĵ̱Է˳˶ϡ
Ӧõģ⻹и֮룬Ӧò⣿
ʲʼϲ֮£벻Ծɴۣ˺һŽͰ͵㡢ǵˡٻ𣬻Σա
ʹȻúΪôһԭôƴǶһ롣
֮ȴӴȡһɫİӣ֪㻹ûְӣ
ʲôĿʱһʶƫƫӣдֻ
裬֪ΣǵСȻҲӲ۾ǰϻôΪʱ򿴿ķӦһȷ봢һְӣ㲻Ȧӡ
ѯʣʵѴҪŪ֣Ͻãϣǿ
ǧΪ񣬱ҮҲڲ¿Щ˼βܲݾߣ뵽˱ǿڰ塣
ǰӼȻī㣬Ҳǧȡ
šü֪ѰдʣҲߴ٣ҲҪȶԷܾ˲С
ʱ˳ϢһͷǡÿݣԭڱЦУ˹ָסӣƵĻ˻ʵôˣ
ȻûĻش𣬶Ϻ𲻿ž
˭
Ϊ𾪵ԵԵøԭȵߴྶͥ
ʲô˭ü룬ɴۣ촽˾񱻶סƵġ
ô˼˹һֹȻҲ֪޿ܣڳϣȻǿűˡ
ǲϵóֵģе಻١
Īǳùɽʲôǣ
۳룬Ƶûκα飬ҲûбӰ죬̹ĿԼϣȻ˼ͣƬǰҪԼ˵⡣
ʦʶ𣿡ʵ
Ƴһ룬˼һŴʶ
̫ע⣬ʱҲϣҪúһҲ֪㣬ԴӲͬʱּã˵ʶһû
ȷһμ롣
һ˵
áôһ˵ƿĿ⣬ԭ뿪ģӻţ˿ûſ˼ԭغš
еϱɳڣ죬°͵ʦ롣
볤˵ʱѽ侲֣ظһʵ˵ʦ̣
ǰ
һȴٳٲֱֻų룬ЩͷˣŲŲӵסߣ˵ʲôʶʦ𣿡
ŻعʶԼʧ񣬿ЩΣҴǰʦ
ˣڲסüۼľ̾Ŀ⻹ʱʱƮ룬뿴Щʲôһ
Ϊʲôôʦü׷ʡ
еľζ봹ָۣе侲ģǸΪʦЩһˣԲСðˡ
ǹˣ
üһֶš
뵽ϴƵĻǴīνĹˣʱҲô˵ܾйɻ֮ȥĹŹָС
ĸ¶ĸߴ󣬷ɫƫһŶģ˷ԭ캮ض걻ѩǣûǿ׳ǵȷȥȴǷѩǼϸҲ㲻ϸôƶùɽϻ볤òơ
ģˣһ㶼λеĻɡ
Ǵɰɡ㿪̽ѰߣɤӣɨһȦ뵽תƻƵģżпڵ֮ǰ˵Ҫ趫
Ҳ̫Ӳˡ
ЦʣתһǰǧȵҪڤֻҶรˡ
ǣԸ裿
ֳָԥɫܿ˾ǲԸҪ֪ʲô
ȡԸ
ɤУڵȴǳ룬ⷬȴô˵ġ
˲ӣܿ룬ע⵽ɫתΪأƶ볤ʲô
Ե˵ͷܿ콫ȡ˳
ڰΪնԭĿʯɽٻұɣ䷽ұΪһУΪƼѵԵʣùɽҲû̫࣬峤ˣŪЩֵҲѡɽɶ칤ʦԵԷ켸Ǵ˺üɽҲżȻðͷһ
նϢƵȲǾͱ·ʳˡ
ԼҪģҪһãǰ㲻ԥʹӦˡ
̬ȱ졭
ն䣬һ½Ҫʲô㷢ڶų롣
Ҳ֪ΪΣ鿴Ǵ˼־η
ģĴʿʱƵı顣
Ϊǵ㽣˭Լ츳é®ˮأ
벢֪ӵ¼һڵŮ˭ŪΪʶη
򰵰ϸΪļܿƷ;żԼȴûԷĲ²⡣
ζ㲻ϣ֮ǰһɽΣζȥ˳ǣֱոۡ˳λھ϶ˣ˷ԭڼ벻ܸ뿪˷ԭȥ˳̡
ĪǺʲô˳
ƫͷ˿
˳ÿ湻ÿġ
Ҳʵ̫ˣһͲˣʱֻǲ֮תͷڵеӳԷЦЦ飬ʣôˣ
ûʲô;ãλ˶Ǹˡ˵һһ˲һŵɻиյ˾Ȼʣ
ʶ
ܶ˶˵һڳ˵ˣӤȴһ˵һڣⱾǼ£ο츳׿Խס
벻ûЩйԼг޽òеûʲôҲδϣͷӦˣֻʶǸˡ
죬ȴ֣ͣЦҾ֪
ԵĿʱһޣöˣҲƽϡ
ʱͻȻƺЩǴ˼Ǿ٬Ļð˳Ƶġ
µ˻ȥҺʦ˵ʲô£ߣǶÿˡ
ŵſڣִʳһǰںδ
ûش𣬾ͱһ
ӦǾɽһ仰ų߿ˡ
֪˵ԼûмңճͱӣҪǸذοһ䣬벻ԼӤҲʶΪʲô֪Բ⣬һ׵ġ
ǲ̫㣬ǣ˳֣ûʲô˼ɣʹûѳ뵱ʦ
ͬסһɽͷĿˣڵĻ
ЦЦصһڵӾסͥԺſڣոʲô£
һ·ϣû£֣ҲûѿһֻҪʲôֹʼˡ
Ըߵ¶һЩǣǳӯӯЦ⣬ɢĿǵ
ǲˡ


50 
, طˡ
ҮԺｻͷӶ
ҮŽɿбƽɫϻ, ȥ, ֺ, ﲻסĹһ֣͵ʴף
, Цֻ, ˫ȭֻʯ
ֻСҮü֪ڸʲô, һ֪öֻһö
ʿȷ, Ȼ, ʯ֮Ϣ֪ʶһ̽һ
أһʯϻžһϸӺʵ
Ͷ˼мһ˵ĻȻֹҮϻ¶ɫ
ֻνһ˿϶û, Զûܲϻ
˵, ӣȪɽĶŽȥ
Үֽؽϻк󣬼ʼϻĽʯ, ʵʲô
֪ˡȴ죬ƺϰ, ͳأźʯʮһűסĶ˽ȥ
պϻӣزһ
ʲô
һ̧ͷ㿴Ѱ߹ѰδӸͻȻ֣Щֲݼŵľ㵺ܿŲæϻҮһʹ˸ɫдϽתѰʱһ޹Цʦݹ˵Щļš
֪ǧȵļƻҮϵĿˣ˸֣㲻ҲֻӲͷƤϡ
ѰŽɿϻһۣϵĲһĿȻЦո˵ϻԼģѰȻҪ̽˵ǿ˵ģѰ񣬾Ҳð
棬Ѱûٹϻӵ£ڲڡ
롱ֱ˵Ӳ;ʦһ̧°ͲԾ¶̬֮ɻûü˵ʲôƳŶ
ʦ֡ͳѰȣ⸱Į̬ȼܳƵѺˣҺ£
յʦֵţлҪ˵Ѱһö뺽룬ֵУʣʦϢ
лСʦûϵҡ
˵ʱǺתУöҲϰˡ
ѰʦһûټΪȥ֮ɽˣѰ˼ƺǳʲôʣЩ
ƫƫͱտڲԣƱҪһ䡰Сʦôˡƫƫ㶼ͨһʱ뽩֡
ѰǣЦﳤһʣתһʦƢãԼ໰˵Ҫѵ⣬Ҳװ
Үʶʦ֮裬һʱҲǣҲǣԾ¶֮ɫ
ЩӸʦ˺üţûκλӦȥʦְɡǳѰȴƳĬԺȴһתѲһڡ֣Ϊʦ͵ڶ٣Ƿµ£Ϊ֮
Ѱ뿪ԺӣҮСʵǲǲϲʦ
Ŵˣ̲ס˸ۣҮˣйԵġ
һμѰ;ʦơٱϵơ
˺϶룬ѰȻչ˳һûеӵ۾˳Ҫ̡
Ŀˣѳڵȵȡ
Щָ𵹲УȻԴ֮ԱǣҲ֪ŵ˵ϵȷһë
ǴκˡԴɫ㣬㹻ȥ˼üˡ񷨽ЩȻûװдŹ棬ȴ˾֪֮񡣳֮أֻϵƫ̻ԼݵĺƢ˾΢ʣҲһֻ۱һֻۡ
ѰȴǵһԴԴͨһˣ֮ЩЦЦ֮Ǻ档
˽͵͵ʹǲǵѰȴ˵ûУֻǵʱѰйһ֮Եû˵ϣ̨ι̣ȥ
ĥҪҪұ˴һ˵ĹڣתͷƳ˼ɫ֪˼ڶ١֣æҿкúġ
ûҮɵشֹۣôȷ¡
ޣҽڽѵʦˣһǼʡǲмһˣͲģЩͷĴģʮа˸ҡ
Ƥôô񣿡ҮûϰɵĿ
ۼĬ˵淴˼ҲͳסӣȰʦĪģһʩ˵Ĳ°ˣʦţ쿴ǲʲôҪ¡
ǸĵĹģҮһһ㶵ġ
áĻᴥ뺣ԺʦҶ˰£Ҫ⼸ţԷһ
˵ȥȡ˽ϻţٽѻ٣ϻѰ齣ͨ齣ܲĽ٣һΰʣµ齣뽣ϻЩƷ඼ϡƽĥЩ齣һѻһѣվǳ֮ƣ֮취ѰѳֵĽǡ
ȻԳΪݷɻԿΪվȲĵֲҪԿ
ҶǱвһڵأɳȥֻΪ˶һ㱣ϡ
ΪԪӤʿ㲻϶⣬ۼʵս󲿷Ϊ߹ԪӤʿĶ֡սĳн磬֮಻ǰȥ֮ɽĻʿսĳǵĹһаڳôԣڳвùȻͻǧȲðմҶұݡ
˵ȥƲʲôΣգȴ룺ǧǸӷ¾ճƶˡ
Ҷ۴ʱȷΣҲûвȥĵۿſڣȻ㻽ס룬һߵǻһָ֮ٻ
Ү⣬δϻɣֱӰïͲȡԽ˵ĽָԵժԼĴֽӦõϵȡ֮㽫볤С
в⣬ȴûʣΨһùĶǼ齣ȫȡǴ˵ǿп֮ҲνѪˡ
߳ɨ۳Ĵ䣬Ȼ
ҩǲ٣ʯȴʣĲ࣬һ̷Ʒӻ˴󲿷֡ϰ󷨷䱾ļѧĻЩ߽󷨣ʮöҲ£뱾ɽʯĺû䣬Ȼɽա
̲סһЩҵӻʱԷȴޱ˵ûˡģ
ҲǼȤġЦ
ҮĪЦô⣬϶ʱһ⣬Сʵа𣿡
ȻԷǳƵĿǵóˣҪ˼ҹӵȼˣûе
죬հڤϢһƬȻ
ܶ˶᲻гǵڶйأǲ⣬Ҷ۵ֿѣվˣгǵ־𡣿гȻڲӿϸǿͿģ˾ǹƤ
˵ǹǽ
˭뵽ǷŹӣ˳ǵ㳲סؿ׾ͷڤ͵ϮɾͿտڤŹ
ΪֻڤһභûֲʤЩŷǰȥʱȴʼװɵûӣֻýڤһסˡ
ֱЦʹ˶ӡ
ֻͨаʿóĽ˾ӻ̫˼סڤû뵽åƵˣ
´ټʱĽԼһ̲סЦתһ룬յ͸ӽǿ̨磬˵Ͳʲô񷨵ˣ·ľٶҲ֡
Ҷ۵˵֮ңͲ֪мΪҶۡмΪ˳롣
ۣЦԴǸ֡
ϧˡ
պڤֵ÷зﶼ̸ۡ
˵Ҷ˼
˵
㿴Ҷܣ˵С
ôһ˵ҵˣʮʯעҶ۱ضϴˢѾǵ˰ɣ
䴫֣ҵƣǳҶۣԲɣƫƫݵɣá
˾սľ¥ż䣬ڲ࣬鱾ӦãȻЩϷﲻʱŶ룬ȴĺƻ
һֻ̽Ȱ״ɸΪϸָƺһơ
ӣз֮£
һ̧ͷŮˮӣһĳҡҷûǾͣȴʵ⡣
Үϲ˻ϻӣ̾˿ֻ㵽ͷźá
˾ĿǰΪ䲻ߣλȴ͡ڤͬ츳ָߣһٶٽᵤڤ»ٶҪ֣ǹʵڤʱĻ¶Ҫкţ    gl
Ү̽㵱ϰͻƿڡ
Үαװֻ˾һ˼棬עڽպͳϣû˾ⳡˡҮǵķ㲻ϸ˾ΪһЩײеӲ׾ӣȴֻԻ
ȷǧȿҪ಻סɱҮ赭дʾ˾֮ʱ亦ʱ˾Ȼӵ´ţϻȥ
ûãЩź˼һμ棬ͼǰһ䣬ɨһۣһЩҩԼõĻ͡ľԭġ
㲻϶󣬵Ҳ̫ª
ǣ⡣
Үӽ˵˽ԼҪ뿪սģǰһл֮˵ЩѼĹ޷˷ѲתԵˡ
һƴǺ˾վǱ䣬пضǷҪ£ֻԼУҴȥûע⵽ŮǸظı顣
û𡭡ȥҮ̲ס
ҪǸʲôǲƭˡǲš
ǽл¥һĶŻʿˣ㲻ҪСҡҮһۣûǺһһɶǱ˶ʹѻ귨ҵǵ󡣡
⻻һЦԼɢǻ
ܿǾรɡ
˾ջظۡ˽ѰϢҶ۾ȻѲҪںˮϴˢԩ
ڤ޷Ļһѯ˾кθ߼ЩԺĻЦһһˣȪɽЩǷж
ȷУ󲿷ǰˮȺ򡣡
˾аˣе֮ɫԣΪҶ۶ƣʵߡ
Ҷһֱ޷ҪԭǱսģӳ죬ҳϴˢİ취С
ǲߡ
ն̬Ӯ˴󲿷˵ϿɡǱҪҶ۵ֻΪսɭϲųٳδ֣ܵҶ뿪սĳǶ˵㡣
þϸɢȥţ˾طǸӴӴȡϣ򿪺ִһö϶뿴һеĹ
뺾ǿյģסһƿ뺣ĺһȡ
һзɳ麣еľ˲ʧһƬ͡
֪˶ãԼµĺ˾γƵվ˿տյģɻü
Ҹոʲô
ţ˿տյ棬¶ãȻ֮ɫ


51 
ļ챾Ӧеʱ, ɽȴǹһ׮һ׮, á
гǵע, ˽ºͼнӴ
ڤ̴Ĳ, ɲȫȻ©üɢںˮʧٵϢǱѹġȫ, һ̫鷳йһ, ŷֱ˼һֱֻ۱ֻۡ
չ黹˭ȭͷӲ˭Ҷ˺ʵһǧ, е񱦿˼ɵһʱȴһ, ܲʱ⡣
ǰӸ˸֮, Ӳۻļƻȫҡ
˾½١ת˹¸ߵӣնͷҲ侮ʯһû뵽Էڲгǵ£ǽȥһˣǸһڵӡ
Ҫʱ, һΪԼˡ
ǵӲ֮, ĵطиʦг룬½һ۸ڶ붼, οͽܡ
սĳÿ䶼鲼ߣҪ۶˭ȲһʼǷǳΪȻ, ĵһʿʲô
Ȼȴľòϣ۹涾
½ѣҲһֻȥע٣עƽƽͽܡ
Ҫȥϸ𣿡½٣ΪڤȲʤȯ㽭ôô޼£û뵽һǱ߻кС
½ȴأֻʱ۷ʲôκη֣ѹ·ɡ
ҶΪ⣬½ȴŵ޲һڵӣ˲ò롣
ĪǡζЦϵ⼷һš
½ֻƳһۣһԲȻȥ
ˮģ֮ǰͬʯƳڱ¶ڵرԽȦ𣬷ֹʿ롣
δ;б䣬ȴ˴ս˴Ĵ󣬵뻤Ҷ۵ִʱһΪ׵ʮڴ˵Ⱥ
ҶԸУΪѹ޷ʩչߺɨ̨ˣҶһ۾ͱЩ˷Щҡ
΢ɡɡڡ̫ƶ¹ҰϵȵȣСڴˡ
ҲԼûܵϢѾڳĳϽΪԪӤڸ֣Ҷ۴ʱΪ޷ͻΧȥ
̬죬ΨһƵģʵ˴Ǻˮ磬֪кηԸ
Ҷ۵ڣֻȥ˽ɻף˷ڸӣϸ̸֪Σ
㲻ʱɣӣӹֱ뵽ʲô˵ʲôǹȻ˵һӦҲˣȴֻһ˿ɡ
λţһսİɡҶҲ⣬һת߻شļơ
㣡ӵ˵ۣ˵ˡ
ˮһŪøɴΪͷۣòЩҲαΪһ仰ҶˣĲˡ
ݼ״æԲЦԸָһĳǸмλĳ϶ӵ
԰գͬһڵɣЩһǲɶõƷ裬ʹ˸ɫƾ
˱ü֮£ศĪ˵ǵһʱ̣ʮҲ޷
飬ҶԶвʶԿ̸ݣ¬һһڵϻ
ս౦ϲԶϸУ˾ԺŲӣϴԼλǰˮ룬һͬǰȥĻȴ˵ҪڸԷһ
ǿʵΪΪ΢һ˫ܿ⡣˾Ȼǧ㲻ҲֻܴӦ
Ҷ뿪дգˮǱȴʼδκϢｹüζ̲ȥڲ֪ڼǻǰʱز΢
ô£
˾ƤһԺԼиֳʲôȴ治嵽ʲôһֽ֣ƿš
ֻӦһϷֳɫǻ⡣
·Ǵһ֪˭̨Ƶڻϣָ׸ǰС󽥽ֱȼմ
Ϊʲôл룬æˮͼˮֻöûУصʱӶû
ɫУǿг˾һʱʧѪɫ
Ž磡˻ɤӺ֪ʲôֻ֪ⲻܱκ˷֡
ù죬ִٽɵĽ̾ͱٻ٣ѴݶĻ༸ҪնȾ졣
һֱЩΪˣ쳣
˾۾ˣ˷ƵУȴһסͷһԲԲӳ
۾СһЦ֮¸ֻʣһ죬ֻһ˾ܲѴ֮סϸˣοһ¡
ѽԭıһ֣̽еϤУһ۷϶صĿӡЦ
ԭˡ
½ٵϸֳζһĨȥп˿ĺۼȻ£˼䣬
ЩϢȥԽԽãý֮սĳ˲֪
뿪ʱע⵽һϤӰĶӣĵұѹ·û˵׼ƲͰһ
չϵ˳Ϣһ˲ǲˣ죬ϸ˽űϢѾսĳÿ䣬ԤƵĻһ졣
ϹķΪгǳУҶҺӡǷϵͼơҶ۴ȥȪɽһЩһ˾ڣһ˲ת˾ơ
ҮЩɣⲻ߼޻𣿡
ȴ֮Ҳ֮֮
󣬵ҶԸϢҮһɱɢ
ѵ֪½͵˾Լ˾ǽĻ巨£ʹ˾ǲзĴ䣬뵽ڰ壬Ѱݵķӡ
նƵıƽϻУϻв±ĽٻȻ뱦䣬ҩĵҮ˾
п̵Үһе¥˾ǱصһУͬʱڲõĻ֮ɽʱԴȥĶѨ˾ѣǿտҲ
նϻеĽٻ𽥽ٻٽ磬ȻննٺлľƸǣǰȥˮ룬صһʱ޷ܽٻ𣬾սĳǵǾҲˡ
ȷ˵ΪҶۺıҮݶֻ֪һ֣⣬֪ȻȴӲ׷˼Եɡ
֮ǰҶ֮޷Ϊӡ޿֣֮˿ϸȻ͵磬͵ӡķкѡ
εȡΪʲôҪôЩҪ
˵̫˼޻ҶͬˣνѻһڣͿҶôߵǷǺڰˡ
ο⻹ǽˮ뻹һϷûݡ
ۿϸȡ˾֪༸˶ǰ˺ˮ룬֪ȥŵģˮӦѾַ죬ĵȺ˰죬̬޸ıܣҲ㶯ǰȥˮ룬ȴڴſ˳Ѱ
ʦáؾʺȴڷۣʦ¡
ҪţѰʡ
ǣʦ뿪ǰңб䣬ؼʱϵ
ʦʲô
ƳѰ۵׵ӣǰóѰƺġ
һ£ȥѰҶ۵µȷΣ˿ͬʦȴܿ
ûʲôˡۣɶ޹
ȺһȴóѰҲȥһˡ
Ӳɤް֮⣬ȴȻһЦͷʦˡ
ںѰĻɣΨһĵľǳѰЩʲôȥɺˮ롣
Ͼһ㶼Ϸ˳㻹ǧʲôģ
ִˮʱȻ̨Ͼɫѿһͷˮֻ
̬һࡣڳѰ󣬹һĨŪЦ⣬Ѱȥݣﵽ
˽ˣų뱳Ľϻʵ
ϻ齣ֻʣѣһս١

û˰ɣ
ûС뿴һۣƬ̺лл
һ㶣ԺŷӦָ£Ȼս֪⡣
ȻЩ취ѰѳֵۣҶ۵Ŀвֶ˼ִ㡣
Ҳ֪гǵıûʺϳĽ
ڸ˼У뷨ű߼ˡ
һڳϾһսĳ֮£֪һǹϵɫްα
ֻ֪ǧǲ֣֪սĳǵıʺ󣬲Ҷ۰Ϊֲ֤ݣһĪչʱкըһףɫ׹ֱҶ۱ȥ
ʼˡ
򰵵ϸֳȻ΢Ц
ݺͬʱ֣Ҷ۵һǽţһޱȵĹ
ԭʵ̼ܲΣյзڣˮ붼Ӱ¡
׹ͷͣԪӤΪԭĵĸ̨ɲǼһţ˷׷ɢмѱ˴
һڵδ֮˸ԳˡȻθڳ𣬱Լ齣ݸ룬ֻʣѷɽˣһɱҡ
齣ззԭѣһʱɽֻʣѣͬ裬뻹롣
һҪܣгҲܷɿһ㡣
ʱԶԼмֿʱʱ
Ҷֽŵѱݽ⿪ΣͷԱܺùҪʱţֻͷǧȣص˹һ𣿡
ǧһŵ˴ʧɫ
һ̣кȻ
ԲʮûС
δ뿪ɻһţһ˲ͱȡ
еÿһˮٽʱУǵأܼ֯ĵ޲Ϯ
󣡡һ£ͬǰλһڵӷ̤ޣſ罫˶С
귶Χ㣬˺ȴ󣬾㱻ҲܶصˣһڵĽ໤ȻȻֻǾ֮ɫȴ
ǵҶѵݣʱҲⰵľ
ܷˣΪľĺ֮£ҶۣĵѹǧȽ
ܿ죬͸ܵϤѹԤҲ׼һƬ
һٶǰЩļǰ֡
ﲻƸɽûлɽӻвءȥˡ
Ʊ˺ƣֹ۵˹Ƶĳ֣ϸ͵ɱһһգԶһɽͷʱķѣѵɽʯУɫӰȻ˿ǱǷŲ֮ˡ
ֻһ֧ɫɺǧԶϺ޾ɫ
ȻҮϮҶ۵ǵ׹⡢ƻһԼ껯֮Գ֮֡
ǧڤµõսĳǵϢһڶ벻֮ԥʱֻһѡ
׹Լļ֮ΪԵΪ˳֣Ҳһǧȱǿɱ⣬ҶһټҮƣûڤԹȰȻ಻ס
ȥɣֻǧŭ˺ܿһǶ֪ˮڲǹڸ߿ս֣ظ̨˿ǵΣֻܸܵϷӿÿһײѹرɫ
Үѷǧȣڴ˵ز󷨻ˮ飬ռϷ磬ȥ޶࣬ҪǧȺѣսһʱţͬǧǰӿҶۡ
Ǿʶ˵ˣҲ޼£ҧƹˤƣȡҶ۵һ
ʮɵһ룬ʣµ˶гûʲôϵҲ֪׷ʲôֻΪӲû뿪ֻԱҶ۱Χʱһ⾹޼ǰ˫ֲ࣬ΪҲʮ˻սһţмּɹ֮ơ
뻤ȺԵȻʶкܾû˵
𣿡һ֣̽ץסʱִֻһƬ
±һ˸һЩʱȴһ䣬벻ɵͷһݣعͷȥ
ӳĺϵ顣
Σʱ֣ǹżĵЦ⣬Щı鵱Ȼ޴棬üһȭĿڣ޹⣬类˻ǡ
ٶȿڣֺ꣬Ȼס
ǰ㼸ǵֻã֮ɫǳУ𲻾ǰԼĳһšȷˣȴԷ촽һһϣڵ߶ʲô
ҡǡ˭ƺ
Ľë˲
򡣡˵򡣡


52 
Ҵ, ۼڵĽҡҡ׹, ݵء
ϲסΪ˻, ʱ, ʱһһιȥԭƶ𽥱, ֪, ۵ȾϽơһʦǰǰվ͵õľĴӦǰĻźŴ󵨵Ҷۺǧ, ľȴٳٲ֣ġ
Ҷǰǣǧ, Ҫֳʤ֪Ҫ, ͬǧǰһƻǾֻƴһƾѹһڵӲ٣οԷռƣʱ, һƱҪ·硣
ѵ, ҪҶȥ
һҶֿۣ˵ļˣһʱѡ
Ȼ, ԶһХϤХݶʱϲ⡣
ɫ۵ԶɽӰƵĸ, һӣɫĽס̨ԭսһڵɲǼΣա
ʦȥľϣȴסľĵģϲɫʱȥ
ֻľ뷢ңϼϢȣٲȻѾһս
ݲʦôˣ
ľûش𣬱Ŀ̼ʶ̽ɽͷһָ̬б䣬ȥ
ݻѯʾľĵȻʧǰ⣬˲ϢѷӵߴǴǰһеıΪһ֮ſ֮󣬾󷨽ɵͬʱһشС
˭֪ǵӺζƾճƵģݵΪֵֻܲһŭţ
ԳˮƵĵɢľ֮ǰס˵Ľ˻Σάֲסδýӻ˽ԱԵѹϳѪ׷׻ȥ
ನǵľֻܲסһһĥ侢ʱͱΪԶһģĺڵ㣬ͬʱʮһӳطڽһ˲ͱ飬󽥽άһʱ̣ǵ⽥ϸ
һ֧Գ죬Ѱ磬ͷβΪɫ
ס֧ľĶͷ͹ǽ߾ȫ󣬷һƫڽ֧ƫжĽûɽͷһ̣ɽʯ䡣
ǿ֮ĩд˵
ľɫײֻһ·ͺľ빦Ǽ͸ؿڣƬ̺ѹֲסӿ³һѪ
⣬̤׷ƵıһûǧȲҮȥһȴֱ̨
֮ǰǼֻΪ˱ƿľġ
Ƽת£ֻ׹ߣҪֹͣ
סǼ˻ɤӸߺʯһĳ׽ľĵĽ÷飬ݵ˲ִſķҲǼһʯ䣬˳żָȥһϮԾ
Ǽǳųȥġ
һӼʮԴѣΪԵ߱ǼһӾͱ׵̨֮⣬ûܵסǼƫ嶼
λȺԵľĳʱ㱣Ѱ˼ѣԺһнڻʯ䷢вƣһǿϮ
֮ԵκˣʹɽѣǿȴϤһ㡣Ȼһ佻ʱԷƽƽƳǹ㽫ǹ⡣
˼δϸ˼̤齣һŰ׹⣬סǵ⡣
ЩȫȻʶľٴ룬˼ܲ÷ӭȥ׷ŰһӣƮȻδͱѹ÷飬ͬʱе齣һΪĩ
СʦãݺΪҪúɽͷһ³ʱȴǳɫĹâȻ֣£С
֧ǳɫĹâһ˲źת˷򡣳ҼȴҲһѪۣײ̨µ䡣
ͬʱԶشĺǰɢƸ£ѹ֮б֮ǰ̼䱩עؽޡ
ݻܣѰҶ۵Ӱ̶뵽ʲôʧɫƶȥ
֮Ǵ㣬ɢʮĲкǸ߽ŮӱһѪˣʧ룬֮Ҷۡ
Ҷ̲סʧΪҶ۵İֱǼˣûϵҶ۾
֧֮ǰһŬ
ǡϷʵЦ޳ӰǰЯµĹ°Ϣ
½½١˲Žг֣ȴڱ˫۾һƳٲҷһڡ
ɫѪɫȫޡ
Ȼ½١
ֱȵ֧½ٵĶŷƼԵһۺ˲֪˲
½һߣʵΪг֣ѵΪͰ䱨𣿿ʵԨǧ£ҪҲֲһڵĺ󱲡ߣǰ½뱻аҲ½ǰѰγֿνԤס
ʮٸͷԺתȴʼͷʱҲ˼ʱ½ٵͻȻֻ㷲ãȻ޴룬ȵߣ
ľȻˣ˼½ٵĶ֣οһǧȣֻǰװ״һֻûЩˡ
½ٵĿٲȻҮǼ£һӣǱһ˦ڽ쳤ŽأⳤʵϾޡ
ױ֮ȡõ֮̾ഫϹΪΪɻǧ½ʹõıǹޡ
ֻһҮǰ޶һԲƵĽҮΧס
ǧȼתЦһܣǣҮȥ̾Ϻһ
ľĴϢ˳żϹȴۿҮҪǧ֣֮ΧסҮĵһֱǧŶȥ
½٣ʲôǧûϵ½ٴ˾٣Щ׻УܿŭϵϲɫҲ֮ǰݡ
ľĺҮûϵҮĿ˭½ٻסǧȵɱУеɻ֮ǰǧľĵĵģץס᱾ܽУȴǼ͵Ϯ¹һǼĺԤףҶ£˿ˡ
񱦿з廨ţոҶõľ˲ƶλõķ
½ƺֲԸǧȡҲ֪ʲôֻɻͽͷƲҶǼȻڶ෨໤˼أȥ¡
ȥֻļҪ½ٵޡʱߴ΢顣
жһƣҲһ顣
½ɫһ޵£ҪҮסʯ䣬ֻ׹һҮҶ۽ʧȥӰ
󣬼ľĳû֡
ˮϣãȻ̽һĨָˮż˿ɺ죬˵ѪˮУüͷһγƵģԺеϳˮƵȥ
ʲô
ü벻֮ǰʲôĳһ˲УһŻǣ뽫ӳ룬𴦡
ĪҮֵʲô
뵱һʱĽ̹ޱȵΣȴ˵ĸо
ʲô
δü룬ͱһɤע⣺ʦ뿪
ѭ̧ͷֻѰһץų뱳ģ仰ͽ˹ոճЩ׹أǳѰڸҪˤ̨֮µɽȥ
ʦס룬ֻЩԣۼƳҼĿӣĵǸոԼ֮ܵˡѰķԸ˲׷ʲôųȥ
Ǽ̺ΪԶڳ֮ϣȻïֵķ壬Ǳüʣ˼ֻͷǣӿһڣЩҪվסһӲɵûۿͲܿ봫УһϮǴѱķѡ
ߣұѩ֮ա
ݵɤУ־һ㱣ɫԾǧϸ۾麣һѪ֮ʲô⡣
ǧȿݵ̽룬۵˸ȾɺĿȣ½ٻ£ľĹ½ʱûгתҳ롣
ֻһȭܽгǣƫƫôȥ񵱳ĥʱһҪץס麣һ絷飬á
Լû̹ǵĶӺֻ֪һ룬ԺоиסĥȻɱ
ֻҪϳ벱֣ͷӹһŹֵսʹס˶Է
ϸ΢΢Ŵ¶ƵͫǧȱѳɱĿϲУס󾹽סˡѵתͷ֮ǰһֱӵŮ
˭
ʣȻ촽˶Ƿ
һֱΪ񱻳Ƶģ¶֡
ЩֱУȴʶںѹҲ뽫ǧ˦˳ȥȻܡ
Ҵ̽Ĺˣ߿Ӧлڽ֣вɵðп࣬ľĺ½ȺⱩԼ³ҮӦǳʲô¡
ʮҳϣӵӣ˵ˣжֻͳˣݵ֮ǰǧһûȥһʱҲվ
ӣǧȱ˦󣬺ָܿһգ۾׷˲ȥոΪʲôסǧȣֻ編ȥץϼ¶ץա
ԭǧȼס֮ǰĽѵһעⲻһȥ롣
Ϊ񣬱÷ֿ볤룬ɲ֪أķţ뺣Ƶģ𲻵ãֻ취ȥᡣ
ļֱʮŰ֩Ѻ󣬾ƾͷ츲أ˼覶ûС
ǧκβɾó֮ľ϶Ҫֲ֧סܲû赽Լܵùʿĳ̶ȡ
ô죿
Ժзǻ֡
Ѱ
һ뷨Ժ
ǻЩΣգǴ˵ʮа˾Ҫ䵽ǧϡ
һȨףһ¸̨ɽҴʱ̽̽ϢֻǱΣʵδܶص˺̴⣬תڷȥ
ˮн磬ԪӤΪɽ룬ʿǿ֮ͬϰǧˮԴ֮١Υ߿»ᾶֱܵƲá
ҲﻹǱޣǰҵҲԪӤ̶ȣԪӤ޲ȣ뻯ΪǧȣвҪСࡣ
ǧȲͼ赲
ֻӰһųûһƬ֮С


53 
ǧפ, ˫Ŀױɺռ, ޺޶Žתĸ, ˫Ŀ, һҪǿļơ
ʱ, ΢, ֵԡ£ܵظܵΣգһתڼԶĸ߿С
Թ½, ľסʱ, ǧɨȥ
½, 㵽װ˭ǧһ߶һŭ
Ϊ½ֻǲ˺סû뵽Үˣ½ٻ֡
㻹ûʸʡ½Ц׳޽ǧΧסһֻ̯ǰһ, ĳһ¯
ǵ¯ͬ, ʱֻƴС½׳ȥȴͻȻ󣬼ǧȸǰʱСɽС
ǧȼƲ, ӵ׹ȥߣºȻ, ֫βסԭ½ֹ͵Ϯʱ˳²˷
ֻһҽкǧȾ˵¯Уֻ֮ǵ¯͵ҡӦǧͻҳͼӳúȶԭȵĴС
½ٽǵ¯УľһףƳһڣ漴ﳤȥ
ӺҮͳ룬˭Ϊǧȵͬȴǧ¯С
ľ䱻½ס־壬̬һۣʶҲ¶ã֮ɫô벻ͨ½ٵͼּ̨֮أɵһ̾Ϣ
ԨӴаһͬʣïִԨӾȳ룬ǹȻ֪ǧȵĴڣȴ÷ѣȳǧѲӰǰյݴЭҶۺԸǧ֮£ǧȴ˴αضӣϻȸں
뵽УɫȻ룺ˮ˹죬Ҳ֪᲻ΣաֻϧڳԪӤϤԲѣΪ֮ƣֻȾ㡣
Դ֪͸ŹŹֵĽ磬ʲôģ
ҲǷ׷ӵĶѨҲǴ۸ӵԹҲǽɽеľ޴Ĺûһ˲ֲ²һԺи֣ǵʱȴÿһֲ²ⶼʵȥԶ
ֻұƽΧһԼĪʮɳԲΣֱ£ǽһھ˵ѰľͬǾÿһξиӦסЩ޵ģڶѾˣڽ翪ʱܳȥˡ
ұÿʮɾһķѨһ̨̨ͬϵһɣ̵üΪ棬ڵᶼû£олضȴǼȼգѰࡣյͨȥ俴ͷȴҲ
طǱûҪŹ֣ɢŨҵҪ˵ط
ģ
ϴǳˣŬۣ۵ȴһƬ뵣֪δȫѣȡ˿ҩ£ЦЩ޵ϳȨȡᣬ㲻Ϣһһޡ
롰šһҲ֪ûףʱҩҩЧ¿ʼϢ
˹Ϣʱܣʯа߲ĻۣǳһЩһЩеġ
һЩצļ޶ԵϣЩ޾Ǵͨģ¾ЩĿЩܼϸۡ
˴״ĵĪǰʲôϳ
˳Щ¾ɵĺۼ¿ȥֻıƽ̹β·ͳͬһѷɽڴˣһамվ֮С
ͻȻ䣬üʲôһٿʱȴһƬƽ͵
ǿˡ롣
ڿ˺Щ죬ʱ޴ܳԱȺʿɱ֮ԽԽ٣δ޳֣ߵòˡֻ½ϱҶһµ飬һֱûѰ˽̽顣
Ϊ˱гվɽ۳ԼͳΧʵʵ֮ĿһתƳͷƵĵطءѽһда֮⡣
ԭ֮ǰͻңϾ˼һжֻƾܣǧʱֻѰһȫ֮أ˳ϻïֵĻ巨
ǸڣʲôǧȡŴӳ봢ȡͲۼƳͲ϶˼ƣ֡ѽһȴҡ
ˣⷨҼ绹ˣǶʵ̫ǿⷨס
ʱԼˡ½١֣ɫһжʱ˰ʮ顰д
֮ǰ෽̽ûκϢʾ½йأʱȻɱҲ֪ʲô˼ҶʧƣгҪжģ½ٵôõĳô
˵ïֺͰĺô첲գ
˼ȥ벻½ٴ˾ٵԵɣֻ֪ԷǧֵĻľĺҮǶֻ֣ܾ˳ȥͷĵʹ˵
Ҳ֪Ҫȶòܳȥͷƣָʱ
ʱͻȻϸ΢ˮţұƺʲôȻƶ
⡢ôвȫ˵꣬ǰһȴǱסһŲɿ⡣
ѵһڵıƬǷɹʱ䡣
򶨾һֻǺƬԼĪڴСһԼһ˶۶ұЩ¾ɵĻԵޱȣԼɢİ
ֻһöƬʶĴһӦǸϽӣתһ滹½ٺǧȣߴٳЩ뿪Ļʱɤ
⵱ǰǺл˶·ﲻסпࡣ
ʱƵұֻ˼ΣҲ졣
Ҫӳȥ˵شͲҲֵܵһʱܺùⲻ׵ģʹ˴⣬ǿ߶ɽֻһ޷ŷһɾ޴֪ʱѲ
ˣĵһƳ΢üģ֪ȻںǹԿ
ֲ¼䣬ּƬۼִϻɨǼƬۻɣȻôһ޷ɽϣһռϷ磬˳ȥ
ʮ̨ǰһţڴʮŨ񣬴˿ȴֵײҪŨ
֮ԣ׹죬ˮϸıƵģײƤʱ˿˿ʹԼˮһ㡣
֪ôҷ׹˶úǰһƬͨײһ޴ܶͨжʮɣϿܶһȾһϸ«έ
ܶԼĪһٶɸߣ·һƬ֮ܶǰͨһƻͨˮɫȴī֭һ֮ˮиټУˮ˷мнǳͼϽˮ
ۼǺ̼͵ǰƽʱӲʱҲһⶼûУſʶ֣룡
ѿ˲䣬һ೤ͬʱ𣬽ϻкⱩֱģǳ齣Կʼ׹һֱڵȴʱ
ûˮУƵһһᣬɽʱθɣʱķȥ
˵ز˾
ٶȺܿ죬ۼػͨƿ֮ӽϻһһ䣬ʮöЯžֱ˹
齣δջأϻվǲ㣬ֻܿһ䲻ڱǺˣȴҲʧܶĻᡣ
ڶŷɽʱὣϻ񵲣ܿϮĺͬʱҲƵܶԵ
ʱϽһȴǰ齣˻ǰһƣǱ齣϶ʱֳӰʱֻգ۽Ϥն䡣
һöۻΪ۳ʱ򲻾˿Ȼһδȫ³һƵ˻òԻָƽĺٶȱը飬ˮʲôھҷԼѵѵĽҷ
ǻһ죬һӰˮī֭Ƶĺˮ䣬ӳһֻĽԼ͹ü
⣡ֻһɵþг
ֻﳤۣͷһֻǣüͻ𣬳ʽ״
ԣ


54 
ΪǱ, û뵽Ȼԡ
ϸ, Ǻſһһ, ǰһ, ԭǳǺſ˲Ӧ֮ߣûš
, ĵ, ȴ̵죬ͷһֳȹǾڻһ顣
ԭΧ̫, 估ʱˣȹǻմЩ, ֪Ǻ, ȴҲû뵽ΣգתһȻ
ΪǶ棬ȻҲǾ綾ޱȡѰ˼֮ʱǺԶ, ֻ, жûжһñûþЩǺԵβ˦
׺ݣ״Ʒç, ͷӹһ˿Ź֣ȻΣݲϸ룬ֻҪɨˮ, תһȦ⣬һָȥǣЩǣۡ
ָұͻһƽ̨ܶˮռݣûκ֮أΨһƽ̨ԼĪɿվ
Ȼ⣬ԥһƽ̨ȥԽ׷ˮһƵĽҷ
ŵƽ̨Ϻ󣬳ûƬͣת۷齣ʱһŰ׹⣬˲Ϣͳ˼ʮʮײһ𣬹಻ϵһХԶ̾ͽԵѹ
׸Ȼܶ࣬ԳЦЦضϺ˫ɺӣ￩һվ⣬ֻŲɣǾõİӣ
һɵ˼ܿͷǺƺûаȤ
Ժüβƽ̨ʱֻ΢ƫһԴһڽ븹Уȴǿƽ̨ϻиһֻ˶ų׷
Ϊ̫ͣ춼ɣӣ˼䣬ȥ״һ׷Ǻβ񣬽㴦Ѫͷ̾õĽڽȥ
ռϷ磬ֻڹʲôķ޷ڶʱȡʤֻĥѪ
֪̾˵صľȻʱһӦǡҪҡ
ϹΪ֣һΪΪޣһˮɡ
ǧΪԣǧ껯䲻ǰܹ춯أݴ󲿷֮ϣ˵ҲǧΪٵͬڻʿеù
˭ǵ֮ǰһԣʵҲ
ԶԶǺԾ˺üÿһɼǣЦǿôĸͷ
ֿһϵЦ⽥ȥüͷ΢֡
ΪʵãʱŷˡԭǺ볤ôã¶ˮʼֻͷβҲֻ˺ҧ˦βߴֻܷƬ缸
ж㣬צɶϽܻצδ˵ȫ֮볤ֻƬܶǻȦǱƵó·ȥɡ
ѵѵĽײУˮ£һĪԱ˺Ӳ޷ˮ
Ӧ죬һƼȫòʯԣǰ΢ĹŹ֮Ҳõ˽
ΪԶȻοʶҪĶ࣬˵Ӧȿʶ̶Ի˵ԱӦǺǰһޣ˫Ŀɺ״ޣǱ˷ʶ
ʲôˣֶΣ
Ѱ˼䣬ɨϷʯ飬ʱһ
֮ǰϾ˼ֻܶҲ̨ʱŷʯǶĶǴСһʯʿʯΪңʯһָڴСķΣи뷽ţʯĴ죬Ľḥ̂Сָ׸ǴС״Ҳǧٹ֣ǧ׺ڶȴû˿֮УԵô£Ȼɡ
ֻԼ˼ͻȻ
ضǴ˴ĺģƽʯ󣬾ܽ硣ֻʯĿ֮Զ󣬲໷ۣ֮ܶԭĵУǿ׾Ͳ֪ҪѶٹ򣬺οƽ⡣ҽ⣬ʱ٣֮ˮԴ꣬ܶеֻҲҪҷ
ѹʦû취˵ٲȻ֮ϣҪǡ
ɨ۶ϷƵʯһ
óôʯ˵ļǳܼҲֻʲôг˲ƴˣѵ׵½٣һš
ֻгǣЩʯֱӲѰطҵô״ģҶԼ޻Լмұ¶ν֮ض
ҲǧȣƭҶ㹻ЩˣǼһ￴úܣܼԦ˸ӵô
һʱֲ²Ƶи֣Լƺʲô֮ѭǸʯ£ӹˮ棬䵽µƽ̨ϡ
ƽ̨ɫܶһ£ԭΪȻɣϸ֮ȴȻˣܶұϱ鲼ݺύѷ죬ǳһЩѷﻹһЩӲݣƽ̨⻬Ǿɴĥɡƽ̨νϱΪ𣬿²żȻžͻͷһƳסһ
ƽ̨ϺһĵǳԵսûȥһƳ֮£ƽ̨ұڽ紦һԲεİݣпΪġ˼㿴һȥĵطʵͨڲ̨ףⰵұ͹סվƽ̨Ϻѷ߽һЩԼл⴫̨ϵֳͬɫ
⵹ˣҲ֪ʲôһ۳룬Է࣬Ƭԥ󣬱ִ˷߽ǰ
ǺԾôѶԸ滹ʲô밵Ϊ΢Ӳˣȥ̽һΣգܸѡ
޵ñֱƽ̹ԼĪʮɳһȥܿȫòĩһǽ⿴Ļǻǽ
İлأߵСܹʮɾԼĪʱ꣬ǽǰ˿شǰĻܿ¶ȵɫ
ǽٻ
ٻȡԵصңϡΪ㹻ڽ¿ɵѨͨصȡýٻֻٻѼԦ˷ôȥȡҲֺֻãǰû˵λ˻ᶯýٻ
ѹⰵûûأٻھס󲿷ʿǳˣҲǽû취
ֻϧҡһЦ̽̽
ŰĻ̲ϣԵܹڣȴûСǵƺۡ
ûвʲô赲֮·ϻ˼ӡȻһƵıС
ٻ𣬵ǵϵϾסգԱ÷ɿ졣ǽֻɶϸϻʱѴӻ˳
һվȶ˲Ͼͽ˫ȣһһظ˿
գա߶ţϡ
ȻĴڣ˺üӣűؤò˶٣ܺùֻ¡
ҲҲ̫Ǳˣ֪úͳ뻻·˳ס»İӣ̾˿˰
ﱾûʲôʦͽ֮ǰżųǳԵʳһʦԴ˱˼뵽ʱֱ֣˿кβס
ǽһСƽֱ̹·Ȼɫš
ûһƣֻһԣûϵûþžͿˣʱӿ𾪵ؿźľһʱ˶
źһ⣬Ͻ鵤ҩǽĿķÿһƷԽоųʿһ۾ͷĿѣһ̨̨ϰһľϻ
κһľϻҫۣɲ֪ΪΣȴľϻסĿ⣬ͷԼֳһĪϤС
ʱϺظֳƣɳǷ̨ȥϾзӡֻžͻἤ̨ϵķ󣬷̨ʱʣӿϤľϻϣľϻͻˡ
һз̫죬㷴Ӧʱ䶼ûУֻһƺʲô麣ʶ϶ģĿ¶֮⡣
й룬ż麣ޱȣƵһһĴӿ֮ǣ쵵ɫʡ
˭
ֻס˫ۣƺУһһ飬ᣬǵͲŵૼƵɢȥ֮ʣع𴽽ǣЦ
һݣ磬ûǺԺԡ
¶ˮĲѪ죬ѱĵòֻ࣬⽣ȫ£޻֮
ͬʱʲôѵ˷˵ʯţ֪δˮƵ붯һ٣ðһ⣬ֻάһ˲һƲ뽣С
ĳߣȴɣͷ­Էͬʱ齣ҲһΪء
ϻ޽
ػԴҲֻŤȥˮ棬ֻ֮ˮ죬ܶ
ȴƺﲻԾ
̫ˡ
Իƶǽҷˣ
ɽθɣͬһʱ䣬·ʲôˮЯӿûɫȴܿѣֻһǴʹ̹ǵʹɿɢȫÿһ˶Ҫһ
һڣʶ֮͵ҧס⣬Լѹ
ֻԴˮĽƯˮǸһģһͷԡ
ԣͷֻӴĺӰˮƵ˵ѪβĴں棬βֻһֳԴһഹ࣬򷢳һһ׺ݵ
Ծ࣬ͷ­
ֵԴ򥲿бĺۼǺԴǰסĲӣͷ­֪Ϊʧˣŵȫˮ
ϵ£ïͲûҧء
ֻͲ𻵣˴˺ͳ׻ˣǱ˺˸ӣ
ˮƵĳ֮ǰѵĴˣǶˣֻ֫жٻʱֱץ˼ֻ䶼
ȻɽǿУδصʱ
Ү飬̶Ծһգ˵׷ʲôȴҲûݾĸо
ͷԵķ񹥻֮һֺظͷ
Ҫ˰ɡδ˼֮£ʱ಻ŭм֡
֧׾䣬ĸ̨һƳȴӰ
ӦǶˣѰ˼룺ˣһŹҵͽܣܵѰӻȫǣֻʣɽˣǺá
ɨ۴䣬뿴ǲ©齣ȴŵһö
ԭĴ䣬Ҷǵõöö˳룬Լֻһö
ʱǵöͺˣ˳˱ضҪϧѣȻӲû벻棬ʱ֮·һö֮ǰҪࡣ
ִ֣ٴӣǺԳȥۼѪ֮ھǰֱԾ½Ƿɽǿȥ
ɽͷ­򦣬ץס£һֻһǷɽ֮һ
ƬŵֱֻѪģƤҲѪۣȴȻƵģһĺɿػطɽϣһ̯סնµǸ
ûϵ˲һ֣ʹ֮ŭԴɿش˹ȥ
벻ܲǺԸǰһɽ̤źԱǲϣһֺὣ壬ƵϮɽ˲䣬붪˽˫ס佫С
ȷɽ˼ֱ͸ûԣ̴һͷ­ʱǽͬʱ߶ֻýһЩıС
Ȼըֻ֮һζ뱻˦˳ȥ
ҵϣȴ˿ʹī֭Ƶˮ£Ǻˮʮɸߵˮʱͺһ
ˮУƵĴʹȴۣרעضܶ
㣬ӳڵͫУǳ
ǿհɣ뵽˼ػصܾǰƵĴص
ǲļ䣬һֱǵãֻǴȥ롣ȥ롣
ǰǹȥֻʣʲɫͬʶһƬ֮С
ڳڰǰϡһЦԼĵ
ţȻš
ǺϤġ
Ͼ꣩


55 
вɽߵ, ֵĩĳʱ, ΢бڵͷӰ, , ಻ϵɫǡƹı̺Ⱥɽ֮Ψһ, ȺûƲʼ, ż˴Զ۾Ůã֮ԻŮ塣
Ů弫վ, ɽദΪ, κοɸ֮, ȴ̱⣬û֮еɽ۸ǷѼɽĶͲͬɽƼƽ̹ԲƵ, Ǳƽȥһ, ˵⼫ߵɽӦǺͣŮ嶥ȴǲľʢ㸡, ٲȻ˼¡λڸߴԵʣӰԽһ㱡ɾ, Ů֡
νɾ֮˴ּȴʮӰЩŮ䲻һߣпռڵṫӣҲ޵ŮˡֱܳɽЩ˾ǵ֮ɣɲԶ
Ƕ񾳽ʿ
۷ֱ磬½ѷԶϹżʿ򣬽ʮ˵ͻ񾳽磬ʮУҳϣҲɽҰɢˣһɾΣƽǶͬŶǼһ棬ССŮ徹ۼʮλѵõǣǽǻΪȻֻʮȴ£ȫ񾳽һϵ
ʮ˷ֱԲͬɣ죬λţλаޣһλа޹صɢˡ
аɢԶ֮Щһల£ǳƵʹѪģҲǷȺˣֻûпԷʵ˾治ѡ֮Ի϶ֻɽǸĶ
˵עǿɴ
ֻǿͨɣʲôδûԵʶֻΪ˼ˮñѰľߴͦһЩ
ǵȻڿɣڿ֮¡
һ̨̨ϸһģĹ⡣
ǽӰ
ǰǾ½Ůϡ
ŮΪ֮磬˵ػһ֣Ϊ֮ɽϹס֮أ֮ɽƲ㣬ƲϵɽϤȥϽ磬½һεӰֻ
֮ʱ˶ɻ󣬿ɵע⵽ĨӰǵɻʧˣ˵û塣
ΪζߺˣЩ޹ؽҪУΨʣĨӰ
û˼ĽӰ˶ǽӰ֮иܵǰδе
Ǿ½֮ɵʲô֪
δ֪أ
ֻ۾ŽӰͼ̽һ˿һ
أд΢һӰȻǸư۵ӣȴǻڼǧС
ǼǧвΪڳ֮һǰȻȴûпЩһ㣬һ£ʮ˿ĨӰ磬ʱȴҲȥм˷ֳע⣬뿴ǽ֮ʲô
ֻ˫һУгһµĳϻ̬ǹϻʱû÷ֲϻۡ˼СԽǺ棬ѿʼ²Ǻֱ
ǧȡϻ֮Ⱥ˶ʱһʧֻһѹžɵĪ˵ЩܴеƷ齣ȣǷѰҲ㲻ۣǾɵľϻУʮǱܿ˿ߡ
һȴǽ⣬ϸȻɱӣϻӷͭˡ
Ī֤֮˰롣
ڵڳ˶ǽ֮˵޵֮£츳ԵȱһɣǧǴĽ״ˣڽϵȴԶһأڳЩڵĸҲ࿴ֻеĽǵ꽣µģˡʿ½֮мķһܱȡ
뿪ѯȴǧкػӽ̨ϵĽӰնȥ
˭ûϵٶһӿɽƽ˲䱻ơ
ʿԣǻԵν֮ԵáһĨǰδеĽӰǵĻԵ̼ǧȥƻ
䣬˳֣һ鷽ȥɣǳƵŵķˮܣ˭ǷײϽк󣬾ƵıһΪǧлӽ֮û֡
ûϵܷˣǷ㲻Ǽ᲻ɴݣȴҲһ齣ܿƣǧе׾ͽնϣ˲ɵ뵽һڵལ
㲻ལȥ֮ҲԶˡ
˳ֱ֣΢ɹ⡢ǧߺУûйǽǹ˼ǧбκһʵڼǧ֮ϣһ֣̾ܽҷ𣬿ǻӳȴһε˻
Զһƽ߽ѡ
Ԩӵ˼֣һսҲ˲ƽϢ
ͬʱǧеնĨӰ
ԽӰдʲôûзӰǽӰֻǿջһ¡
һ˲˶ɫ
ֻϸɫϵˣƬǰȵĳͬľƵѸίȥһΪ
նôʧˡ
ǧãȻʧſտյģǽӰлֳȵɡ
ǡ⾹Ȼǡţ²ɵ־䣬ͻȻǽӰȥ
ǽӰϲĽǽأ
ν
Ԩ˵˼֣Ǽش麣Уʱ䣬ֻɳʯٶȶȴǾΪϲ
ǳԽй鱦Ĵڡ
ģƳһеĴڡ
ԨӣĽӰ̲סʵϲ֮ﶼ˲ϡ
еĴ󲿷ûΪĿܣѾʼְź¡ĨӰȴָϣ
ǰȲûʲôͬƽ·ûʲôʹ֮ҡ
ʮ֮Լ
ʮһ֮ɽ۵֮ա
Ů£һյƽ̨ϣŮջʶϳһ˿ǳЦ㾹ҵǧС
ԼĪʮ꣬òǼõģȴľܵĸоҲ
˱Ԩӡº߱չأˣܺ֡
ĻԶ̵ֻһͷû˵ʲôڶñ£Ӳסţżʹ࣬ͣ³һѪ
ɻãԨӼ״еʵ
˵˵ͷʾ޷һſ˽翪ʼϢ
ΪʲôһҪҼǧУزһȴīʦֻ˫һһƣǷƮԨǰ
ԨӴûмǧһǶﶼ᲻ŷ
˵̧֣һʺѪʱһεǷУֱװŽݻһĨ˿ʧˡ
еĺɫţƽһĻ
ͬʱͬϹź֮ɽȴŮǧɽУ½ٻߵ롣
ǵʱ̵ĵطҲ֮ȴѰɽûʲôͬûнۣûѪ
½ںˮѰҮҶ䣬ʼûѰǵټֻǰ֮ɽ;ɽʱȴЩ쳣
˴𴦲ͬɢһϤϢһЦֻӳڹиԺϸתѪɫ
ʱľģһ֮ǰĺۼ»˳
Ŀһ̽ûñ͵ۣӾֳɫֻǽһ˲ͱǳҡ
Ȼ侲о
ʱϵдһO@ȵ˭
δ䣬ͿеײײһɫӰ
ǸʮһŮͯȴһͷ׷ǹ죬½һ˼˭Ѱ𣿡
ʲôǺܺã϶ǻۣϵ˿ڻѪģǡ
½٣ߴ½ǳɫӺ󵱼һҲгǰɤҲ֮Ӳ˼֣ʵʲô
ûʲôֻһܣľɹҲ֪ô޵Ķʲô½赭дͬʱ̽Ƭ֣֮ɫأʵ˰⣿
û뵽ľĺ¸ȴһ
ȷǱУҵʱлֵϢ׷ٶȥȴ˶Է塣ǻն޷ֱոոƽ⣬Ѱ򶼲֪Ҫá
ôһ룬½پ
ûʲô̹ԵǵģұУΪҪľʦֶ֣Ҳǵһðǡ
½һѰ£ﲹһ䡣
½ҽѵҪô
ĪïֺͰ뵽볤Ҳйϵɽǳ֮̽ءѰ˼˵ѵйأ
вɵһ֮½ٵ˵ͽܵй֮ʣлᣬҪһ𡣡
ʦֶԪӤ磬δ߿ˡ𲻶ɫȴκˣ½ߣһԪӤʿУصᵽĪǡ
ע⵽½ӵĿ⣬̽Լ룬æֹסͷ
½ٵĿ䣬Ūαǫ֮󻰷һתţǺΪ֮
һ׷½ٺγԣȴѲ֪١
Ϊ֮ΪʲôǺΪ֮
иֳɻ˼Σ벻ͷֻҡҡͷλսĶȥĵ
ǲ֪ôˡ


56 
ʲôޱȳصĶѹס, ʹһийٶóٻ
, ûκ, 붯һָ, һƬڣʲô, ʲô, Ƶý˼ҪϢ
üĴһһʹ·ͷǱ룬ʹľ, У˼нԶ, ȥٶǰ
Ǹ½Եҹ
ڱĵ, 㶯ãֻۿǳҹգֱ׵ĺڰǡڴ֮ǰ񿴵׹
ķᵽÿ˻궼Ӧһǣ˻׹, ʱ, ôһ̾ã׹µĻԹ᲻Լǡ
ȥʲôǹȥ, Ժ֮޶á
Ǽǵõģȴͬʲôǵ, Щз£԰տҲֽţֽŵķ
Σ֪ΪΣûпȥ룬ǲԾͱǣŻ뵽˾ԶĹȥ
ǰһĻʱ̫˰ɡ
ܶϴµʯ̫ʱǿաҲʱһڵϣһ
ΨһĲͬûп׹ǡ
Ҳ֮ܶ¡аɣšƾֻʶ
ٶ˯ȥʱȻһᣬֱһ˵ϡұ۴˺ѵʹǴʼʲôһ´̹ǵʹ⣬һ˲ǹüĵʹ·ͷ˷ĩ
̨ʲôعιҴܵһж˺ķѣԺһƺߡ
ǳԺȥֻʣһʹڽ޾ֱɢֹͣ
Ծӣڿܲסʱǹʧˡ
ϴ˵ϡƺˡʦ֣ζʶ仰ʲô
ʹɢʶҲƮԶһ̾Ϣ
ƺΣĪЩЦ
׵̶ΪǾͷûãʶر֫ٺ⻽ѡ
ף֡֡
Ϥɤ͸ĻС
ʱҲܴٴжƵġ
ʹٶȴֻҼ硢Լû֮ǰ̨ѹĸоҲûнĻ硣ţһֻ
ϵ¶ƿˣԺʶղ󣬶Է±ѰԸһЩڻһԡ
ˡ
һ촽ʶհˡʵؼӲԼЩ棬ƺǵǿڵ븹У챻ӽ͹
ʶ䴫ĹɢһԼĪһС˵ˡ
ǽָǼ˺ѵʹǸˣ֪ǶؼԵʣǵԼ˺ˡ
ֱӣȥҼʱȻǰһƬڡ
ɵظ˫ۡ
ԪӤۣδ쳣˿Ѻ࣬ɼʹֳʶʲô
ӦֵϳɡĵǰĽŲ
Ĵҹ䣬˳֣̽ĲĶԶǰĵһǱȥ
Ըߵ¶ס֣ٵմȾԶ׼ɻ󣺡ôˣ
֪ΪΣԺһ¹ճʻʱһüëģ
Һ񿴲ˡ˵
ƽ˵һΪ̫ƽԵøŹ֡
ˣ㲻һҲֳ뻰Ľ
ʲô
ҿˡ˵һ飬ѡȥˣƬֳ̣һֳʶһȦһƬ
Ӧƿеʲô⡣
ܿ죬գһۣȷԼ۵ġ
ϣӦǴյúܽ򥱻ëһǰȻǲעģȴΪĿӵԵʣܶϸСĸоŴˣʶƫͷһ߶˶㡣
һЦ°ͱסѵ
Ҷ˵Цº͵ɤȴĪ͸¶һ壬ھƵġ
۽ǴֵȷǼģ˵С
ĵð˳벻ָ֪о
ƺıʲôסѹסûʹֻЩƺɬ˼⵽ʲôĸоʱƿˡ
ʧĲʺؼ˼֡
Ǻˮԭ򣬵һˮ룬ΪкˮŽкˮ룬ôô۵ġᣬ˵Զˣʵ·Ҳǲⱻ
ȻһѰ˼ôۡӦ˵ң
ͽܣͽ˵ʦӦǲԵġɻ֮ǰī֭ƵˮʱеȷհĴʹˮ⣬Ӧ̱۲ǣʱȴֻȥϵʯΪжԵʻԣûĲʡԲ˵ӸС
ľٶȷʵǣĻҲȫȻ޵
ðУҲŹȴöһЩ
˵ʦ˴£ͽֱΪ˵ȴ飬ǸǺã
ôһ룬ЩͿˡ
ʱһȥٳδ顣ǰǸⳤ˰ҲûͷֻҷһߣⰲһûУƺκʱҪ
ǰʱͻϢʱ¶˲Ϣ֪óȻ˹ǲǻзգʼ޷ֻСȴ
˿ڷ࣬˺ѵƤѾϴ룬һЩϸСĴҲµ̺ӣ̺ƽשʯ޳Ѩ˾סĵط
վ߶һ£ŲֻաӦڶûȫԵʡΪղǷԣֱϴŵĲϻë̴̵ıԵ֮ǰʱӱ˺
ʿ¶зӳ֣ʿǼУܱʿ˺ΪɵԵʣһЩСʩ޲Ϸȫ٣˵ף˵ǿƲǿϣһͻ
⻹ɽǰķ£Ѿ׻ˡ
ţһ˵ĸоĵӿ֣סĿڣЩ⡣
ѵжԵʣܸо̫
ھﲻ̫ȴ˵
ʱŲƽ
һˡ
˵ʱϳĽŲ
ҲֻԿ˲ϢƶȴҪóЩ֮⣬뻹ᵽһ˿΢ζǲҩ
ʲôʡ
Ҫ˵ĻǽҩǺԲʱע⵽ұвѷ죬ѷ˲Ӳݣ
£ȷд£ûشͼ˵ȥν߳û֮ٲ֮ڱнҩˮҲˡ
ƺǳϤˮ£һͽ͵Դ˵ûʲôԾȻʦκ鶼򶮵ñȽ϶࣬һӼǶԣһڵĲһ붼ĹЩʦʦļʶҲһȵ
ˮ֣֮Դһ̶̶ˮī֭㱻Ϊˮ³̶ɽԺ˽Ƕ̶ֻкˮ֮ԼҲͳⶾ̶йء
ҲԽԵĶʡ
⵹УֻһѰҩκβˮ˵ҲǶϣԼĿϽһ裬ҩܵǲ衣
߽ͱߴǲҩֻܴӸϸзֱʲô
ԶأڵĶѾ˴룬нҩ
ûСһߵҩһ߽ͣҸ󣬽Ѫ˳ֻ˳ʧ˲Ҫҩ
ԭϵôģ庮ӦҲʧԵʣʵΪҼҲˣ򷢳һ̴ٵЦ
ô֪ͷǰŪİɡ˵ţһˮŵǰϴһ۾
ڻͬʱеһְֻ˱ϣ˳ܿ죬˫۾ͱմҩˮס
۲ȸУһʼˮʱһдʹǰһټڵĶѨеһյ͵ƣǶĻ磬ȴƬĻȥˡ
ӽˮУָ˫ۣʮκ󣬳иֳһЩģ䲻ܱϳʲô
Ծı߬ӵ֣ǽڷ¾һذԼڡ
ע⵽ǰɫӡжԷһֱǴһɫɷģʵ㻻·
ЦΪȹԼ۾֮ǰױĻŪˣҿɲ봩ؤ
ƿ豻ȾڵҩˮֳһɴϸŪõҩ࣬뻹ڶƺŬͼֹסЦ⣬ϵһš
ˣҪҩۡ

ɴϣҩഥ۲һ΢Ĵʹڸ̽һȦܿĶһЩģɫ飬Աʶ
ЩۣҲˡ ٶȴЩЦõĸо
Ϊϵʯǿա˵
ǿգһ٣ԺԹɵ㻹ǿգӡͷ
ûеǡĽһ棬ֻǼǵá
ţ˵ʲôӣһʱ߲ˡ
һ飬ʶû̸۹Լľһ߶߶˵ĸ£żʼҲһЩǳ⣬áǡߡǡش
˵ڽ֮ǰûʶЩǿ˵Ѿȥ̫ãͺûзһ
õġ𵱳ĳһжô·Ǹողŷġ
ʵʲôص£ˣڵ϶ãתһ²ӶֻһˣֻϢָܻ
ֻΪʱʮͷδӴƵ
Ϊһ
ûʲô˵ҿˡһ


57 
δ, Գ뿪ʼ, ̨ͱΧ, ˽ȥ, Ҳ
ڽԪӤ֮ǰ̨̤벽
ʱ, ڱٹ֮ǰ, ճӶϣٹȺ㿪ʼһ˶סλʦÿһ¾ͻһ̨, ָķھЩ׸Ħ֪ʲô£λʦܾöûг, ʶ, дʱų̂塣
ȥ
̨߽ʱȴסȥ·ʦԪӤ֮ǰ뿪̨壬ʱû⻰ϡʦ˵ֻһνȫ̺ʲô
ҲҲ㲻ס
ʱֻƾ¶ͷжλʦദʱҪö, ʶҪ׽һЩ, ôòȻȻȥǡ
·ûлͷ, ְ취ͼǿ
˵ʱЦˡ
ûۼһǿʦĳӣǷǳϧ, ڴ
ʱ㻹ûȻ
ǽἰǶιʵҲʶԼҲбʦʱ
ͨ粻赲й󷨣̨ĽҲ⣬˽磬ܿ⵽˷ɡ
赲ԪӤʿĽ磬ĹȻǵʱܶԸġ
ϵĹǽ
ϱʮߵӣɽҲ٣Ӱˤ֪Ϊʲôôߵĵط䣬ҲЩˡ
ΪлɽԵʣȻԣʵͷûһ
ʱףֻ֪ﶼʹһָޱȣӻģԼ̨һˡ
ʱѽӽ¡Ϊǳظоеĺ⡣
ʱͷ̣Ƿգ벻ǺȷϾûڷЩֲ֪ͣ档
ǵġ˽ˣʱȷܷա
ΪЦǵñҮˮЦ˺þã練ɶ׹ص£ӦҲЦǡ
ûκЦǺŵЦûС
ججľأע⵽ǰǳռƬգûʼҲûоͷൽʤȴ˿ң̺ĳ֪֮
ʱƣڻƶ
ܶǶʯŲ֮ѭʱƶǳһޡŻ᲻Ծۿá
һڵϣȴ٣ֱʧȥʶ
ǰܾǰһ޵Ĵ
أʡ
ʱѾָòˣɽѻˣֻ߻ȥ
ı鵭ġ
ʼգһƽģ·ǷԼϵ¡
ˣѾҲ¶㲻ϣֻһѰ°ˡû˵ʲô˵ףֻڽΪʲôκˮĿȴۡ
飬ֻڽһ¡
˵ˣأԺгһ˿ãǲǲ˹Ϣ
ҲӦһ򣬶Է֪ǱһЩ
ҡſڣͱ¶ȴˡ
ס
ûбסʱֹһ㿪ΣգͬǲǿսûΣǰȫشʲôûз§ķʽҲնͬ
첲סӣ£һֻȭʣһֻ̯뱳Ϊԭֲ࣬ǣŲԾƫӣӽһоԷǻͺԼĿһ
ⲻ֧ţҲ赲ʲôǸôľٶ˲㡣ֱ۱࣬ˡ
ʵʲô
㰡ЦˣһּȻ˵
оϵԴ˶ƫͷ˵ʱϡ
Ϊʲô벻ף֮ǰֹŹֵĸоٶȸ֣ԣԼǲǱ˵˵඾ȫѵ
Ϊô˰Ȼ˵Żĺ󱳣һֲһ䣬Ҫţ
򴽣ûлš
ԼûʧһֱĲȡ֮ǽִ
ţţǵġĻشǷܣֹסЦһֱЦ˲ɿ룬һҾϢˡ
Ϣ
סȥûϵôӲȥ֪ʱ˼ĵӣˤϣûˤʹ
ڻ˹ҪָĻֻһ˯һ
˯ظţô˵ʶԼȷѾƣ
ֻѾм겻˯ѣǿֱٴλȥ
ʶӺܿиû˯ˡ
гҳһš
Ҷʧˣ˵ˣҲ˵ڱչˣֻ˵ֻǴԣˮǳսҲû˼
Ǻˮ߷ӡϼҲʹҶ۵˽ٺҶںˮһսʧ١
һʱĪ⣬˾ѺǳٳûһҶϪǰ֮ɽҶϼ˵ҶʧٵϢԪңּȻ˽Ž鱨˭ͷʲô
гҪɣһҶΪףһҶϪΪףʣµǶ߸գϵ߼ȻûлʿдԪӤʿӲӲʵҲû١һЩɢƲҶˣǵϵһȻţҪάȨľ档ֻ΢ƽάֲ˶ˣѾ˿ʼҶٲ֣гǺܿ콫û֮ء
Ů£ҶϪͷ翵ɽȴ޷ǰȥﱻԨ˽磬ҲǻΪֻڡ
Щ˽Ů嶥ûһ˳
ԨӿΪЩˣҲ֪Ҳ֪ǲʲôĵת룺վȻҲЩ֮һ
ţжʱһ˿Թһ
أһһӣȴгǵź
źϵݣһŸֳŭݣܿƽһŷֽһǷֽ̻ɷʧڿС
ɽȴ鰡飬ɲҪʧ
߰ɣûµġ
ˮһϪˮϣһصҶдһԼĻ
Ү޴뿴Ҷۣδɣнǲ⡣
ǿƴ⸽ҵһصĵطſ˽磬ѰҩҶ۷£ϢƽȺһ仰Ҫߡ
ƣ֪ҵĴ̫Σˣսĺòã룬ҶǨŭԼˣСǸ
㻹ջضɣҡҶȴôһ䣬Үһۡ
Ҳߣ㡭Үͷ䣬Һ˳ôһ֮
֣̽ƺץסԷӣȴεĽסƵ֣ɴ䣬˸žӨĹ󣬾顣
ⷬ󣬾ʯĳ˶Ҫ֮ģҶȴȻ֪Һ͸ʧŶԡ
ơҮɫˢز԰ҡΪˡ
Ϊ˾Ҷۣպ½ˣ֪֮ʲôǧȺ½ٶаޣǵһڵڽӡ
ⱾĹ˭뵽½ٻͻȻ֣޶ദ飬뿪һֱҶۣҶǰĽ֮ˣǵʦԱǳ⣬ʶ;Լˣֱ涼벻
ҡʱҶͻȻסĿڣæȥƣû°ɣ
Ҷ۵־ͱһ˦
߿ҮһѣԶ
ԷҮֻ֮ȴԷϵ߻һ¡
ƣ㡭ûüѣ߾͵
ѵһڵϵһ£ֱߣµݱ¶ǰȻۣ촽ţŵֵ˸㡱Ҳ˵ȥֻһʲôըˣһжûجج
ԷʶסѾ̫ˣֻ̾һ㻹ǿ߰ɡ
˭㡭Үվĺţأ㡢һֱƭң
֪ǰˣãȻнŲȵʯһסӣ̧ͷԼѾ˵˶Ѩ⣬תˡ
ĨʱʧȥӰڶе¶ɬЦݣ֮Ŀվ¼ĨȥϢȥ鸡ÿһɫҪ԰һ֡
յĶѨ⣬Ϫˮ·ʲôû
˯źִӴҳһ񣬸ǵϣսġпá֮˭뵽ó
˵඾δ壬˯ʱûй壬ⱻ롣
ڱһȷϳûʲôļվӣ
߱ĶǱУľϻĿıﶼû
ͨĶԪӤ𣬻񼶵ĸǶɣһЩвֵıģȡһͨʿۺ첻ѣȴһɢģЩʲô棬ֻǽͷ洦ɼС⡣
ϸһעʵЩϣ˼ʲôͬʱдʣһзλһֱĳݵһǰ֣Ȼһ絽ӺˢһǴǽϹŵһƤƵĶ
չָǳɫƤһ㣬ֻ潥ֳһһīߣǾһŵͼϸϸĵƣϽ¶Щȷ飬ʲôЩЦȡ
ң˵һƣϤϸǵͼУͼϺܿͶ˼īߣҲøΪϸ
ֶһڵͼϵʮ⣬ǼһؾŹλǼΪӵ󷨣ȻЩûάֶþͰȥüɿµʮ⣬λ֮ǰвͬȻһ󷨻ûɾˡ
֮ɫӣһֽǵͼ봢䣬ٶ鷳鷳
ʱ²ӣһƳеķʱȥ٬Цݽϡ
һǰ˻治Ƕ


58 
һ˯ǰ
׶ʵ൱ڷ, Դö, ϰſھ, ҹĻʱҪ˯
żЩ, ˵Դʦལնɱ, ʱһЩšҲʱ, ֪òŮͯԭ
ʱ߻ħ¡
Ҵͻƣԣʦүһ, ɡ˵
𽲹µĴҲ, ֻΪɽոһյ̫ƽ, ЩԵøʡ
һɰСʱ򣬳ӡ
ǺΪɣ
ǲס
ӱ˼£ʶ۾Ժŷ۾, ҩЩ, ѹƤЩëڵĸо
ûҩˡС
⿪۾, ǰȻЩģĹΣ֮ǰ࣬㹻󲿷ֶ
֮һ, źܶӣвٷиʯ̨̨и򿪵ľϻľϻǿյġ
ĺۼ
ﵹвٺöע⵽ڴӣЦЦνԵɡ
ͷԵģʡ
ҡҡͷͷֻŹ˼ӦˣˮĽΪػⱦ⣬˲ڣͱˡ
Ƴ۸ϵ⣬ĵҲǡ
ͷв񾳽磬ȴô໯˵ΪҪͷԸ߳һء
ע⵽ոµİ£֮ǰûɫ˿߹ճ棬ռ˴ӣ½°ҲɫӵȻǰɫǺɫռñȽ϶ࡣӡһֱɫ˰£ֱ˸˵ĸо
յҩһ̧ͷ붢ԼӣЦŨ˼֣˵ҿ˲ٷ£ȡ˼ˡÿ𣿡˵תһȦó뿴һЩ
ÿĥţɽĸ˱Ƚһŵÿ
˵ü棬㶡
һΪ˵ûкÿҲûвÿءֹѧƽʱ˵Ŀ˵Ц
ƺЦ룬һ뵽˱ġ
·ⱦУȡԣδЩס
ʱҩาĿУǰΪڰ
ӦþͲˣ۾ָٳȥ
û˵ﻹڼƽ·£ȻһʵĲϡ
·Ҳܾܲôȥ컻ϰɡ
ûжû˵ʲôһ¾Ϳ뷨ƵĽ˴Զ⿪ӡЩ͹Щˣν֮ȡ֮޷˵ʲôѲļһ·ϵķ󱣻ҪһЩ
˵ò޵롰šһǴӦָһǵϣ·˽·ģ˭඾δ壬ʩԶƽʱֻббϣ޷֮ǰд룬ֻȥ
Ȼܿ鷳
ֻǼ¶ѣȴ㣬ûдʽ˸ӵ·£˰ģ˵֮ࡣ
ҡ˵һ֣ĴЦ
Ӧ˺ܾãһЦͣƵģ뼸뵽һһָԼģҲǻĵ°ɣţ˵ȥҴá
Ұ㡣һô˵ͱվ
½ϴ΢Է־һЩ
ş̌֡
£ỬˮŲָܸܵʱԽİѹӱʱԲָŲྱƤһܿᣬ΢ֵ⣬ӲԾɪһ£Ҫ̧סӣȴ̱ԭ
Ҷᡣ
ɤ°ϣͻȻۿһʱģ
ֻת˲ŵͷ˶Ƥܵҩ˿˿룬ǹĪ궯ʱƽ㰲ؼƬڰС
ϵ屻ƽ½뽻ϵķ߱ƽԴá£ȦϽᣬȻĶ¶ϣǿ׹ԭһϵϡ
Ҳһ
ܿ죬ֻһ϶÷붯ֱۣöʮ㡣µ解觵˫ߺ֮ǰͬˡ
ʲôĦϸ״ʵ
ʲôԼĪ´һŷʲôŶԭ̫ˣҴ˸ᣬÿЩ
š׹Ժֵлл
·غ뵽·ߴƺҲǡôǱһЩ߻Ͷ࣬ⱦӦҲǲΣЩ·Ż˺ʡ
·ϢȥҲ߶߶ͣ
һԼϵķͷ㣬һԹɲãʱʱϰ伸䡣
Ů˱˵ķϣҷǵԴȣ仰˵顣
ϰӣǰֻڶԷʱŻῪڣҲû仯⴦ʱżҲһ䣬󲿷ʱǰš
Щˣ˯ȥʱϺشϵĽײ
Ǵˡ˵ʲô߹һ֣ʮѽڳǰ
ⱦ齣˹
һʮ߱һǻ񼶱齣Ƕһ·Щѵһһѿ֦
һѣֻϺ
⽣Ǻ׺ֻһӣʮԶĵطͻ˪û˵ʲôתȥȡһȴó죬ޱȣŽܸܵϴɭϽ
һ̺׻֮Ϣ
һһͷ£һʮ߰ѽȴѡһͨԪӤ齣ɵúҿùѣѵʲô
ǡ͵ֻΪ޵ĽԴԽǷĽԽ𡣡
¶Ȼı飬ԭˣֲ÷ٽûпУô˵֦֮Ҳԣ
ǿԣ֦̫άֲ˶á뽫Ǳ齣뽣ϻĵ⽣Ҳ֧Ų˶õģֻܻɺһнˡ
ʱ뵽ˣ
ųҽüƿǽȡһ
ⱾӦװõģ㵹á
УԼߣǽ״ͽȴһʯһĶɣԵԲûκǣȷٽҪһЩ
תûκηӡ齣¯ķͨĶҪܼ⽣ȴԭеġ
ʲô
ƽǽҲū\
û˵ʣū\ʲô
ū\ǹʱϵһعϽ磬Ҳˣǲİɡ
Щһƺƽͣһɴ
Ͻأ룬ḧū\ָͻȻ·͹ͼϸϸġһ־ⲻ̫ͼһֻ֣ûм֡
ʲôʲô𣿡ָָ֪Щͨеֲһ
ʲôưɡ˵
ִ죬ڳ۾ָ뿪˱⡣
죬һڵ඾һȻѪѪųȻЩڵĶصǶɾˡ
ղ˲鵤ҩȻڵתָֻܻٳһ㡣
ʱģ֪ͨΪʧˣ뱦Եĵطһš
ͷ󣬴˴緢˱仯ԵʡƲ⣬ֵȻʲôܲһӣҲֻȥ̽һ̽ǶСЩͺá
ǰѹ˲ٶǰ·ϣȥԼֻ˰ѽɽ
ǰźһϵͨ˰գһ·ͨ裬Ī˵ޣһ˿ϢޣһʱǰԼ
ĪǰǸӣЦ
䣬ΧľŤǱɢ̣ǰһѲڰС
ֻǰľʢ̴ںˮ븽һ󿴣ֻصӰﻹаӰӡ
г̽ѰһûʲôЦӦѾˡ
֮˱սĶȥճӷΧͼʮʿӭ
ƺʲô;Ѱķ󣬷ɵúˣΪͣ½ӡƴǣɫһȵɱǡ
һ£ʮ̲ɷ˵ʹɱС
ū\֣ɫ\ʯһ͸ɫһֳӰԼס֮ЦⲻϼҵĹôôҶϪûȡǹ
סڣܻģΪϺҸͷ
ЩϸдˣǷںˮһѰҶ۵䣬ҲĺѰø
ڲԶϪ߲гǷĺۼʹһ·׷Ѱ˴ʱϳ˳룬뵽Ϊ˺üضҶ۵İ㣬Ӻ˹ɱйߡźͷŭ˼ʧǣﻹõ뱳һںء
ǽһ㶼û¶µӣ֡
ʮУԪӤʣµĽʿһԪӤʿˮƽ˫ʵ⣬뵹ǲ壬ֻڣһֻΪǺ׷գ˼ԶЩʱĴ
һһ㣬׷һڵҲΪ壬ʣµľͿһ֮⣬òҪ
˵ۻɭ֣ܣм׷ȥӽסȥ·µһʿ׷ȥʺΧ֮ư˹뵽˵һΪ壬㲻ˣĶԸʣµˡ
Ҫɱ֣¼¾ֳܷʤķԸԼΪһڵӵȷܶʦֻ֮ʹɹЩ
ǽʿһʱ׷ϣһξûУ֮ĶǸСʿɨأҲ׷˽ȥ
˺ԥ׷Ц
Ǵ


59 
ǽʿ׷ӺûþͰ׷, һգ۾ʧ˵, һ˲ܿԷ۵ĺɫ, һ˲ʲô, ֵףأ
δ, ºشһ, ;ڵѸȥ񱻴Ƶġ
ǸͶġЦӯӯһ˳
Ը󷨣ʱ編, ұ֮ǰ죬ǽʿϵ, ̼麣еֻʣ΢һ, ΢ĩķʹ
˭Ҷ𣿡
һڵʵ뵽ҶϪ͸¶㣬޺޵ƨ£ʶĿ, ֪, Ҫ㲻ú
ҪҲú¶ζı飬ظһ飬شЦ, ҶϪŻлʡЩɡ
㣡ɫһ䣬ʶôȻδھһҽ, ЦúᣬȻ˳޺Цȴֲĳ
һػ磬գۼͽĴָյһأŵѪ⽹Ƶζ
ŽΪɣյ˿ɾûˡ˹˴˿ڣַһʹ
ʿܿ亹乣ǰƵȻ޴棬ֻʮٱΪʲôҪ׷
ҡ˵һ֣;̵¶һܣ츲صʹֻʣ°ƣ˿ڴͨĻ滹ȼգѪǡ
Сġ۵ڵϴˣȵۣǲСƵģԣҶģ
ڡڸڸʿô޷ϵĻ۵¡
ǻյĲѪ⣬н𵤣ȥһΪҪմ˿ֻʣ½лֹסͷﻹʲô
ڸģʡ
ڡǸ򡣡ʿ׳һһĶƮĳ
̣΢΢һЦǶлˡ
֮Ż˲ʱܸߣʿ˶ɣҽжһͱһŷм
Ӵȡһϻִгһһ׹⸡𣬽Ϻۼû㻽ʿָķλȥ
ûãǰߵӰƺŤһ£֪ʲô⿪Ľ磬һˡ
ȴҶۣȻǲԣܿóǸŮˣʧ̾˿ߴ˻лһǵĶ̱ˡ
ʧ֮ǰҪ˷ܡ
첽˹ȥ̧Ų˼ת泯ϣһ㷢һЦ֡
Сˡˣ˸Сʹ˽ȥ
͵ĵطҲУֻʿָķȥԶһ߻ӳһʯϢĽ磬һ߽һ
һ㶼˼ôֱ᲻ضԷơ
ȡôһˤ˵ǱˣȳһѪĭۡ
һ˫Ưһۣ۽һ룬˿һ۾ͺǡ
ѵԭµĶڵϡǸߣصĻƣǿŻһɨʧ
Ҷ۵ߣߺȴҶۣٲҮϵҶۣҲ֪ǸгҶۡ
һΪǼһΪóءŮ˼ֹۣ
ߺһ㶼˵ƯȻȲҮҲȲϳ룬Ҳɫɲĸ֡
ûʲôİ̺ۣһӡǶûУֻһ룬벻ѿʹԳһֱķ顣
źȻ̾һȻ۾ǺҪģ˫۾ҾͲǵ°ͼҶһģһˡ
¶°ʵüΣʱһ촽Ǵ˫һۺ󣬾ǻ˸ˡ
ֻ˹ȥ̽̽麣һüëƬ̣ӴȡһĴСĺ«סŮ˵򦽫«еľƽ˽ȥ
ǽưǸˡ˵ŰסŮ˺󱳣ע뼸ȥơ
̶ȵ˵㣬Ļǿá
սĳУҶұԺǽ䱸ɭϣţǿص˲Ҷۣ˾
ϸвŵ类ֺ˾ͱڴ˴¸ϵˮ߽磬ǧȵĳ֣ѽìͷ׼ֻΪҶʧ٣ʮҪչںˮ˵ĵӣԳٳûʻ
Ѿǵ죬˾ڽ䣬㲣ﻹ֮ǰڷΪ֪ζʲô
룬뵽Դʹ벻׷ʲôĵطУҲȻңһӡûС
ƾճֵġ
ʱԺз·ģӰڻζʲôץסֻƣʱĻþ
ͻȻűƿˣͻȻֵһ
˭ŵؽеʶг
ҡϤɤУǰӰĽѵһڵϡ
飬ɫܲͷģ·ϻ˽սĺۼмʵ
常˾иֳϣһ˹ȥץ°ڿ޵ʲôûһҪȾҰ
ڤ֣ƺļ򣬿Ͼʹ̾һȰ̡ʹϧɫһһ֣ԻȻ
ʱ߳һˣȷе˵˲߳ģƾճֵġ
Ժﴦн磬䷨ڴͬ裬ǸԳǰ˾ʲôûп
ǸݵһŮˣŻɫ·ͷҲǻɫģûʲôɣ˿ɵġ
ˣһѾˡǶ˵ġ
ģͬȪˮ㶯˾Ǻ䳹ǵıС
常ܲ˵رסȣؽеһݺң常Զԣ֪Ҹʲôˣʲôû
ǷʶעԷ麣ܼԷŶԷţ֪ԷϷ£麣˺ܴΪˣɢûʿԸⱻôԴ˾ûѡ
ս˫֣Ĭú֣ȴǻؽ˾ƿһ㱨ġ
˵վͿ첽߳ӣһŹˡ
Ҳˡ
ķù򣬲ŽЩʿķһһϣЩ߶ˣѹȥһ죬ȥ򣬾ͼŷɽ߶
û°ɣأɵϣɫףסЩ
ҡҡͷʾԼްЦҲ֪׷ȥˣǰԼ˰ɣǿȥɣ̫ȫˡ
šһУ򳶵ԼɽϣȻսķȥ
һڱУľؿĴʲôûС
ζĵӻûҵ롣
գ˵ͻսĺϢ۷ˮ룬ϵִʱھˡ϶淢ʲôæںˮѰȪɽһڵȫ˻Ȼһ
ôʦֽ̾ʱȻе˵ˡ
ľֻ˼յһӷ
ǰͥʱľǵȺûüʳ⼸ľӴ˵˻ˡȴ溬ľĺͳһ
½٣˵Ǵһܣʲôǿˣʵ
ȻѾˣûˡľ̾һֵģ˵
ˮ뷢¼˵һ飬Ҳ벻͸½ٵʲô
ǴҮоǧȣǶҮȴǧȵɱУץǧȡ
ëɡ˵
ľֵǽߺʲôôͻȻˣҲûȥ㡣
һͷԣԴȳشȱȻɺˮ֮ڲΪʦնɱͷԵ½˰ɡ
ԡһ֣ľĺһţɫкã԰
ųȥ˵Ӧȷһ״
ŮͯȴһοЩЦ촽ٲȻЦס˵ģԼĪΪλǰ̫ԵʡȥǱľסˡ
ǽ򣿡üۼйɻı࣬ʹʵҪ࣬ʹ˵ʱɫǳĸоǻ֮ȥ
˼ľģʱվǸĿĺˣĵôż˿һ˵ӣȴǹģǵģ̫ʦ塣
ؾ񡣡ľİ˰֣㣬ѾǧˣʦֽΪʲôӣҿ治֪
ͷ۾ͶµӰУǳǳЦֻǺ֮٣ûҾͺá
ľ̾һ˵˼£ϸѯߵļš
ͷԵϸϸ˵һ飬ᵽ˱⡣
ϧǳҲǰˣԭŵȳ֪ͨʦǣٺȥȡЩҲ٣ֻȡЩӦ֮Ǽϧ
û¾ͺáľĳﲻ֮Ϊа
̫ʦ˵ǡ˵ͷְ֮;ϼʿ¸ľġ
Ŷ¡ľɫһݣǹǧȣݶƻָҪȥгָ
һΪ֮ףΪǰ˱۸οǳ롣
УҲʳз£һ߽ڳҪѨһߴͷԵģȷжų׷ġ
˵ԷѪİ취ЦͽӵҲ󡣡
Ѱ˾֪ҪųѪҲóȻԼʦϻӣοⷨӻĴвͻ⡣
һܴ
ͻȻע⵽϶ɫ˿߹׺Ҳ˺ɫ֮ŷǻһ¡ֻ˼ǰɫէһ֮ǰûϸܿӻǼöͬķҲࡣ
·ģʡ
ġ ʵ֮ǰǼˡ
ֲͽܴûڵġҲŲ£ֻɫ࣬λεľ͸ֻƵģһ뷣ȥŹء
ΪΣ
ɷһڵķʶûʦ㻻¡
ƳԼİ£ΪʲôҴûдɵ·
С̨壬·׼ģӼһֱһذףδǰûΪʲôӴĶɫӣûʶԼǲͬʱ뵽˳
һ˱䣬ܿͻָƽʱ̫СʦΪ̨ʼһڵţԲš
ԭʦ˼룬뵽Ѿ֪ԼһڵˣʣҪҲûʦ
ҡҡͷʦû޷֮´һЦһɣܺÿ
ܺÿż֣ǰԼòÿĳšһ
ˮµУһһӰӺûС
ӦþˣɫӰ˵һ࣬ôһ
ҿӦ˰ɡɫӰӦԵͳЩȷضܿͷϲ쿴ǡ
Ǹ㣡ɫӰವش˹ȥ
ԶϣŮӻ˯ϣ۽һ룬ӡڲ԰׵ϣ۽ǻᡣ


60 
ҵҪҵ, һһӰӵȥ
𣿡ɤ͸¶һ˿ɻ
Ű, ġԵ͵ӵ
ѵ, 
ǾͰ
, ֻ˵ܲġ
Ϊһ붼, ԲŲŰɡ
ߴߴ, ǻ⡣
ŮӻһϣȻУƣ, ģϡŴյü
㡭˭֧ӣһ;һʹ, һЩ, ע⵽ľ赹ǰĽȻͬжʱ˼ֽ
ѽˡǺɫӰ֣ǸµŮ, ԼĪʮ, վǸ꣬ҲʮĵģӦ˫̥Űװ׾, ۾ɰüëŨһ, ӢһЩӹҲǿ׳ЩŮüëһЩɫ󣬹ǼϸһЩ֮˿һģһ
ҽ𡣡Ů˵ԼָָǺҵܵܳ𡣡
Ǹ磡̷ȷ
˭㣬ĸȲµҡ̧°ֵ𲻷죬ƺ磬ȴŮӴϡ
ǡǵִͷ裬ûܽǵĻȫԼܿ˵Ѽǿ˵־亹ֱðӵȥ
ͳһۣͬʱ¶¡飬һ˷סŮӣһ˸һҩ裬ȻվԶͬһ⣬ýҶػǽ㰢ƹ֮һˢˢڣԣһǿСȥˣ
ԣڸĳ˵Ļں䲻ȴϵϳڱС
Ůüҩ˺ܶ࣬Խ˵Ļú̬һСˡ֣򦲻Ծ¶쳣䱸ģܾǸǻϤĸо벻˭
˵ͳֽͷӶ
㲻˵ô졣
Ҳû˵Ҫô죿ӵ
ҪôƺµĴô࣬Һһ䡮ġһٸ˴𡮰⡯⣿
˵ͬʱüһüԸһЩһüԸһЩһģһǾͶӰƵģܿͬʱ¶ЦݣǾͽƽ㣡
ƺϰԹ԰ѻȥŮȴǻץסҪ֣ʵϽʲô֣
ƽ˵ˣϽСŮӿڣһ¿Ůϵݣȴû˵¶յı飬һų𣬵˭
ɤһģڿЦŮһȴҲ¶Ϊѵɫɵô֣ģè˭УǳҲϵ֡
𡣡쳣ִ˵Ⱥ˳ͨһ仰Ⱥ󶼲Źż룬Ǿͽɡ
ţһ˵ͷֵҾӦǳȽͨ˳
ƨǽ㣬˵𡣡
ǳɰСﾹ˵ֻŮӲһһһҪ֪ʱ޷̽ʲôֻýһߡִ֮ݣֹϲԺвɵùĳӰӣ񴦾һĻ䣬֮ǰֵҲԵ̾һĿڵҽĽƣʲô
㡣˵ͦţܵ⡣
ɵĽ
Ľƴӣûա
гǵϵһܴ񱦿ѪȴҶʵʲôֽʲôûйϵΪû⣬Ҳû˲⡣Լ˭ǵˣΪŮӣ޷վҶҾǿп޵ĴڣֱҶˣҪ˴ûǰЩνļ˲磬ΪһУ˶ųΣΪʲô֮ˡ
ŶȻص˵ͷͺһ
ǰǰҲûգ𼱼˵ʲôֻҪԸ⣬һշҲԣҾͽзˡ
Ľ΢΢һЦǺܺʣ˵Ҫңϵ˼
ǰϵ˼˵ԼǸˡ
ĺˡ𲹳
лˡĽ̾ҵԼͷˡ
½ǼԪӤЩ飬֮гǵҩ˿ȻϣԪӤɢ麣ݽߣЩҩɾȣֻܿҩһˡ
ƿҮʱ߻Ϊ޶άϵķӡһֱҶ۵Үദʼղ¶ĿȻ⣬ҲԸִŵظҮ뿪ֻԺҪ̫Ρ
չۡ
꣬һڲ֪н˵ģǴ
Ͼôõ˰мסģ
֮ǰٰãֻ֪˿ڿ˵ϲʵǶԻϵҶ˵ġȻһһԼɵʱʹʣѪ
һ뵽Ү뿪ǰãȻģĽƾ;Ŀ˺޲ǰýסԼһӣת룺ȻϲĲңѰôΣԹ£οĳһֱ֪ѻˣضûһ޹Ǻαؿ
˵ܾĽƽ㡣ɻ
Ľһʵ˭
Ҳ֪ҡҡͷϵĺѺܶ࣬öǶʶ
ξȵң
˵Ǵȥһط
ʲôط
ͳһۣԨҡɽ֡
ĽһԨǺ֮˿а֮أҡɽλ̫֮ȻҲа޺޺еĵطȻϲгǵɣҲаͬ顣
ǵʲôˣʣаˣҾˣҲһȥ
ʲôˣ𷴵ȥʳԺӦòˣ
ĽƾͼŹסˣֻɽȸԹзɳһһ죬һȦһһͣͷ
ͻȻΪʲôǻͳǾޣԺ;һᣬ¶һܳڿն
ͳ𾹲ɷ˵Ͱˡ
ɵúܿ죬ܿ;䣬һ˲϶̺ӣϷͼ
ġੲݵɺÿ
⳵ҲԴġҲŵԳЩҫ֮⻹Ǻԡ
ʵе⣬᲻̫ѧˣֱĳµ⡣
ֻ֮ɽȸͿʼѧʲôһأ˺ҹĹ¼š
뿪ǴάЧһж⣬ֹҹرһɳˮƿ
Ůӳ˽ץһŷֽѵĴ
Ү뿪ѨǻãģĽƽɵһƭԼһǻĸˡ侲Լ뿪ǲס
ƻΪ£ôܶˡ뵽޲Լһ⣬æۻǶѨͷĽƲ١
ļ٣ƵںˮһѰĽƣһǱʿϳ£ǰȥĽ䡣
ԭЩ֮ǰѱѵһ٣ټ羪֮Ͼ͵ԭƶϵҶ۲֮ȥȴʲôûУֻдϢʱһֻسסǷֽ˵ĽƱαǷѽȥȫ滹·ߡѭ·߶ȥںˮûͷӬһ죬Ƿֽ˵׽Ūֲ׷ֱĽ磬ˮһա
аƵϢҮ룬֮ǰȻڴ˴ֱֻˡһȦһϷһһģһķֽһӵ·ߡ
Ȼ֮ǰͬһ֣֮һ䣺͹ԵĻʱ˵ڶС˵Դ
ƲСˣһŹֵеֱһǹ㲻һֱϲ𣿲һ㶼˵˲Ҷ۳ʲôģϲڲǸ˸ֻˡ
ϲĲг֮ǰ˵ֻ΢һЩ
ҡҡͷͼԴһЩһţɨһ·ߣȻ󽫷ֽ봢䣬ܿʧС
ȻЩ벻ף򴽣¶ǿɫΪ˾ҲˣŻᱻ°ߣҲܷβܡ
صսĵĵʮ죬֮ǰںˮ˵һڵӽָˣľģǰ֮ɽԼ纣¥սĴ
һֱѰǽͬˮԴбŴҴҸϻأִսʱ󲿷ѳ䶨ΪںˮˣӰ˵¾ȫƽ֮ǰæˡ
ƻ磬˵ִҪгǣ˵ⲻȫ˾Ϣ˵ʱ
˾󲻾ã˾ˣ˭֪ôģΪ˷ֹˣȥ˾ʱϵķˣΪķӡ뿪죬ص˾ͷ˾ѾУɹǾϣ٣Ҳ֪ǺΪ
Ҳµ֡˾Ѷһ㶼⣬Ȼҡҡͷϧ״̬ôһֻӡ
֪飿纣¥ʱ
ֲ֣һҪ֣ϾһܱáգգۣˣӿĲˣ˱Ļаɡ
ô֪ô
Цʦѵһ֪𣿡
ȡ纣¥ɿһ˵ˣгǵ֣ΪһȻٶۼţʦôսĿôһ־磬³ЩʲôҲָ֮޹һڣʦǰмС
зִ硣˵ͷ֮ȴ˸ǷҲȥ˵ģ纣¥ֻÿЦ
ʮ죬뿪ӣ뿪ҲȥѰľĺ̸۹ĵá纣¥Ϊû뿴ţָǳǷԸģ˭ӵʦþҲؼմĲȥһۣԼԼ壬˾۾񣬿мֳʱģ
ĪǴþˣҲմȾ˼Сʦİ纣¥ôţΪο
ݵ뿪ĵ죬γȷϺˮϢ纣¥ûҪˣóȻƸɽ
֮ƽɽʱʦˣγʦҲһȥ
ԭĳû͸֮ɽһв֪òܻصطԸѰɸҩЦ̫ʦ嵹ǺܹģͲ֪ʦʲôɫˣʱʦҪһ˼ˡ
纣¥ֻܼװû
˵ʦֿɳʦʦ֮䵽׽ʲôڣԴһֱܺ档
纣¥һҡҡͷҲʱ򣬳ʦѾսˣҲʦ
ֱȥʳʦ𣿡
ȰòҪ
Ҿѵ俼ЩõģȥѧųѰģѹɤѧģ
纣¥ЩЦһԼָ𣬻ǲ䷳صʦãмǣԡ
ϣƸɽټ棬ͽ¶ˡ
Ҫ뿪죬һ̤ԺоͼԺһǣؿʲô
һӦ۾
κ˾֣˳롣վñֱɣöӣʱֻҪͦñֱġʱȴһǽ䡣
ʲô߹ȥʵ
̧ͷƳһֵۣͷûʲôΪߵԭı鿴֮ǰࡣ
һ仨 ˵ǽӻ̨Ӧкܶ໨Һûп


61 
һ׻, ָ׸ǴС, , ȾŶ, ƬԴԲҶӴӵš峿δɢ֮ʵĹĻ, С׻ԡ, Ե͸
ǰǰȥˮĵȫˣæչԱ˴ɨԺĹ, ż칦ǽǵ˼Ӳ, һĿ˻, ׻
̨滨ʤϿһƬѧ廨ȴ˵ûõӵһ۴ĻǶССҰ
, κͺЦɫһ, ڳ߶£һǶ仨֮΢΢һЦкݡ
ݡ, ǲݣΪǻ
ָʵǻµҶӣҩƺڻԽ֡סҶƬ, 洦ɼҰݣע⵽ǿʱ򣬡
ԭˡ
ֵ⻹ͭǮݡ׻ݵȵȣ⻨ұȽ֡
ƣ⻨ȷơؿɫнֳ֮ɫ̨ӦҲаɡ
̨ʱûʶлĴڣ˵һУľˮʯδ
ϦԣӦһÿһǡ
ˣҲǴ뿪߿ʼҲ估ʱǳʼҲǸ֮ǰ˳䣬ᵽ峿¶ˮĸؼƺȻණ䣬ԭôɫôܼסսĳҹʱЩʲô飬ȻϲһӦȫ
ÿһ˲ʮɫľӿЩǵһμЩȴ֪һӲֲݡ
ԻصսģûкúÿͼǰϢͻᱻϣл᲻ȥ룺̽ǰ֦˼ƬҶҶҲݻƵҶԡУͻĽɫ

ľĺȴ԰꣬Ȼٴӳ顣
ô
ʣƫͷ϶ԷӣǳɫͶй
ǵһο롣
һֱģΪʲôǰûпأеŨˡ
Ҵʱܻû
һüëһ£ɵ
ɢ³봹ӣһһʱоѾ˺ܾãչᷢʵֻһʱ
һ˲һ˲
ǲ𣿡ЦܷЩЩϹӡҪ˵öˣ˵ЩɶǼõģЩ˾㲻ϹҲܿء
ᵢʦ˵Ϊš
νŶš
ЦЦվȴ𴦣˵ʿԽߣͻƣԽԵ֣ˣ
ţлԵǼ¡
ʦ֪ΪԵʡ
˼һĵرض죬Ϲż֮ɣһϡ
㿴֮ǻԵ
ǡ
ˮڶĩһ񣬾ɽ콵ھ͵ƽⶼǻԵûʲô֮ܳΪԵˡ
Ǻ֮Զ棬֮͵ЩʲôǰҲΪǰˣĩôˣǧжපʿ
ŵûС
˼˵ȥϾᵽĳĳչĳĳƣΪǡиСνԵ֮޵ڡޡҲڡ򡯣ţֺ֮һ֣ߣʹˣ°빦ҪЩӹһΪ˵΢ĩΪĹ衣Ƴ˳һۣϹ΢Цֵ֮ƽˮ֮ԻΪ²ߣΪϡΪ£﷽ΪϡŲţңõΪˣΪˣֺαѧ
ͻȻ֮Ǳ˸ˣʦûиĸоȹںͱһͼԼ˱һŻĸо
޼ɵ֪ܡ
ϸ֮£־һֱģ񵱳˵Լ齣֮һֻʱΪ׷ͻƣʲô
ûΪʲô˶ѡ
㡭𣿡
ҵ˼ǡصߣЦӯӯǶС硢ꡢµȵȣЩؼ䱾ʹڵģôÿĻôܱΪ⿴ôãѵΪϲ𣿡
ϲȷǾСܺÿԲ֪Ϳ˺ܾãӦþϲɡ
롰šһųĬ˼һĩ˻ҺЩˣֺǲǻе֡⻰ᣬ̾ϢƵģһֺΪ֪ôࣿûн̹Щ޵У֮˭
Ϊɺ쳾ϲŷϲҰʷӼǻлɡЦΪ⣬ڵȴҵȴһ㶼û˼֮Ϲ֮˷ԭиССΪ֮ˮˮԴԴû˴£ʮʮɽȥ֮ˮΧסһ϶ˮӿɽӵĺƽˮ
Щ𣿡ʣֻ˵ۿ¡
Ǽʮǰسʱˣ٣ſɲšЦģڣ֮ɽΪ˻ĺϵģˮƽ֮ء
֮ɽλʦʦҪȥĵطɡ
ǰʲô°ɡ˵šʱͻЦݱЩ䡣
ͻȻһҵǣ˵ǳѰǡ
ԭսĳĴ⣬ڳʦ޲ʯԤҪһ²޺ãǱһˡ
֪Ҿٶ˯һˡ̾һǳϧ
ƳһۣǶ׻ϡ
ƣһ֣õǺܺġ
֮ɽλڰ˻ĺУ֮أֻʣһƬߣǧ˵֪
ʹ곤ʿҲֻֻܴƬƶ¡
Ůͷ֮˼ʮЯʿ½ض
һΪ׵ʮţаǧšʹȶʮɣСᡢսġĳǵĻʿԸЯǰһЩĵиɢˡһʮλʿԼһٶλͳŵԪӤʿа۴˵أ߳ϵ
ǵʱǵȺһϮۣڷпȻһʯòÿҲ㲻ÿ˻ע⵽ĳֻ࣬ע⵽ˡ
һѽŷâεĽ·ܽײһж飬ķѣǱɷĩɢؼ޴ںۼѾܾû˸ս˵ͻƣ㾫Ĺһ龳磬öãҲһĶ֡
ֻǲ룬ǻĩΪһԨӵĴ
ʦ֡ʦľģȺǰصƳǣû˵ֻһף˱㵽¡
֮ľļ򵥵ؽЩӷ¸֪½ٻ͸ʦȥǣȻҺݶûɴ
ţ֪ˣ¾ͺá
˵һ٣ǶԼΨһĴҲԵúĮųΣգһ䵣ĶûУľĺʱ򶼿
Ϊƫ̻룬ʵִǳϿܺԥؽСС͵ǽУ˵ʯĳҲΪʯĳҲ˿ͽԪӤ
ͻȻһ߹½٣ǹ߳еЦЩŪǰһжͬϡ
½٣ʲôľȿڡ
½ƳһͽĿŵϣǡ˵գȻֻؿڡ
ԨǱ޵ϲа֮ڳ໥жԵĲ٣ʶԶԶģ۲Ϊ˭뵽½پҳ֡
Ϊľĺ֮ϣסֻԪӤΪ壬
ţֻһ½ѵˮƵᴥһ¾ͻգԶһƬССɫϣһѪֱϹ䣬ȻǵڶΣΡ
Ϊվ֮ʲôûֻΪ߲ܿ壬һ˲䣬麣еı齣ɳջأ½ٵֱۡ
½ٿ˿Ƭϣ֣
ˣֻһǣʤԣȴûκβʻ𾪵һжԤǰ㣬ЦԴżֳŪ
ԶΣյһʱԨӵԶҺ˵а˺֮ɽҪǰӡ
ÿ˵һ֣ͽһЩ˵꣬Ů山ߴȻ֮ˡ
ðˣǸڵ½٣˶¶ȣǻſѱγԲѷأû뵽ȵǸˡ
˵Ѱ˸طȶ˿˵۹⡣
Ҳԭ䶼䣬˿˶⡣
ڳһģҲϧûĴģĿתԨӵġĿⱥڴ뽹ƣһְصĿϲ
λǴ˽̳ǰ;ԶұӦΪλӷǡԨӻˣÿ䣬ֻϲλ֪Ҳ£һλǰҪ֮ۡ¡
šʱͲǶΪѵֹˮľ磬ʱ˿̶԰סӿȵһʱ䣬ŮҴܣƽ£Ŀ缸Ҫɽͷߡ
ڴ˽ʿ˵ɣԨҪ۵ġǡ
ƽ


62 
֪, Ϲŷ߳ɰǧ, Ƕ, 𻯵ֻǵһذ, λ츳Żڹ, ȴٲά, һض󼰡Ԩӱֱֻٺ˽ѷ֮ʡ
̸, ƽ֮𣬸Ѹֳ߿֮ɫ
ǰĺƽǴ˵, ŻŶ, ԨӴ˷۹˴󲿷˵ź벻ʣǴʱ뵽ֻԼοƣм˻ȥ룬˾ΪȲء
ٵˣҲⲻܵⷬӰ졣
ȻԨһ, Ѱð, յ棬Ϊ
ϸ΢ʱֹס, һʱʧˣŮ尲þһȴԨӽĻ
Ҳ, ̨֣
̨üͬɵ
λ֪֮ʮٱһԶ𴦣طҲ֮൱
ֵطʡ
Ԩ΢΢һЦλɻǵˮ˷֮£
½ɫ΢΢һ䣬˼ƫƫͷɿسһڵλһƳֻľĺ𻥿һۣԼͬ¶飬ɫģȥ˿Ϊ
Ϊԣһˮ˵֮ԨӶ˶٣ģ̶ֻǵ֮ϱ任λãҵϢ˹ǴƮ𴦡
һ׷̽ǿǺã
ǾĳУִƵɽ˾ҩ֮ס
Ԩ֮ǰ˵˷̨֣ǹؼ˲ǸüӢŮӣɣɽɵ壬ռ񾳽磬ͲԪӤĩڷˣһ㶼
ŭһۣʵ⣬ֻ£ʵӣ̨Ǻ
Ԩȴûлش𣬶ǻ֣гһεĶǰֱԵǣֻ֮ҪλѪұ֪޲ԡֵ˲ԸɽɣҶ
ʻ糣ͺݲ࣬ҲԪӤĩҪͻƵʱ
ԨԥԼ˫Բв֮£©ϢΪ˹ˣΥ߲ա
ˣһ
ǳȴЧһԼ˫ѪˣӡֱӴɹϣһɹȫ٣һЩл֮ʱδй¶ϢҪ߽Լ߻Լɣ߲Уһӡ
ֻ˵̨־Ҫ㶨ˣ񲻽Ϊѣ˵һƬ͡
Ԩȴ֪˵ƾضԸţȻ¹شҲ֮ǰ뵽һеİ취
ֻ֮ʮĸӰǰЩǰŮˣʮǻڴܣһǻڵĴˡ
ǧУ½ϸֳֹŹ֣ƺ뵽ʲôǸֳһĨЦ
ʮλضʶԨǶҶԼ
һƬȻڳһٶˣһʮĩֵĺ󱲡죬̽ԿأʣµΪߣ̽һ̽ЩǷ⡣ʲô˼ֻЩ˸ǰһһӶҡҡͷ
ûˡ
ΣԨʵѵԸһһ𣿡
ʮ˷׷״ԼĺˣݣʱǧдԻڴĽ֮ģԨԷ飬Ȼһ£ǰ;֮Զ󣬽ֻΪһһģž֦֮µټǧ꣬ǿɵȵ𣿡
һ䣬˶̸ƣ˵˶ǴĽףϷϹŽʿĸˡ
ں˸ԴĽģЩڴ֧֣Ԩӿǿжת˵ͷ
֮˻߹ȥһɢΣЦһֻΪôдܿһҲˡ
áԨЦЦȽַ˶ϣڴģ֪йܣΥ֮£˽̻ܣߺЭı
ʾ¸ַָڶϣͬһλһ˲һԶзɳס󣬺ܿûУ䶼һʺӡǣǱǽƾ֤
˼֮׷ԨӼȻô˵ȻһľԼ㿼֮£ԭĳɽɢȥܿ½ǰȥ編ƣ϶һӡǣԨͬһԿʼֻһҲΪ񣬲ͬʱô˽
֮˱ȽϿɵԵڶȥǼаޡ
īҲڳվڶ󣬿ЩаһһԨӶˣʿӶӣ¶ɻ֮⽥Ũ
ϳһΪɣѾãɱ°޶ϲĵͽʿ¯Ϊ
ԨӽҪͬ飿
ʱȴǰȥǵҵʱ˵𣿻ȥ
ʱ˵ģ̵һʱɡ
ѵ赭дһʱ־Ʋ½δ˺̫ΪаޣžΧ֮Ϊʲôֲһˣ
ͽȻǴ
ʱͻȻһԵ˷ĸмȻͬлԨæʵٻһݾʹ˱
һ֣뿪ΪڳһЩվֻǱ˽£¹һ壬ֻϡ
Ԩûϵܾ΢ˣѵƽ֮϶Ҫ𣿡
ʦɣĳΥºͣȴɢŲõơ
ỵʲôɣԨʵ
Сһɽɫһ䡣
˵Χɱ½һ£һھܲ棬ֺСһ˵
˷ǾΪЦЦߣ£ϸںδʵ۶ϣǾȥɡ
Ȼ˵ʵ۶ϣ׷ʵŵɨء½ҪԴڵڶΧһսʱ½ɱ˲ˣֶβ˷ָԱ˶ֻһսΪʲôڰа½ֶβбǺˣǵʿҲ࣬νѻһڣһֺαȥۏˮ
ɫˡ
Ԩʣʹλϵ˼
ĳѾҪߣȻѸ֪λϡݵλΪأӽˣĳҲᷴԾˡ
ʱʲô˲ʶôȴһȥüĴͣ£ﻹҶ˵ʲô
أֻ˵֣ߡ
δ䣬ϮѲӰľĺԨһ֣ǰ뿪ˡ
һͷмˣ֮½˼аޣǵɾͼ򵥶ˣᡣ
˵ΪһòƽƽŮˣֹһ䣺»ɢˣⱲӶⲻˣҲ̫鷳ˡʧˡ
ǰû˷ﻹиˡ
ߴԺһѹֵĵǸȥī㣬ȴ뿪Ů塣
Ķŭݺһ֣һ̳ɢ
½һֱעһڵˣע⵽ȫ볡ЦߵԨǰȴûȥǿڶֻպԸౡ֮ģ˰ɡ
˵Ҳﳤȥ
ʱڳаԨӶˣûߵԥʵϾջ̫󣬵ǰ棬˭˼һָʹīͷ˭ĵӾһ֮ģֲöȥ׷˼ĵҴʱͷʵСӰĳ͸ԨңȻͷڣԥʱȴһݵĲԨǰ
ȴгҶϪԭյ˴Ϊֱ޷ǰгֻҶϪһ˳֡
ԴϿǱΪǧЩδ¶󲿷УҶϪǸ֮Զľӡ
˭ûϵᵱһֻݵ쳣࣬ԨӵôΪĳԸӼ·ָ㣬ĳԵǡһתĳֻӽ˽ˣĳΪ飬Σ
˼ǾֻԨһˣҪаƲϵպڱа񣬻ҪеģҶϪǰòȻʱⷬ´ʵҲǺһˡ
Ϊأʱ˷ֺ̨αȥѰΪңһ򲻲ֻ֮ƣģԼ¡Ԩ˵
֮⣬˷̨аЩӾûʲôôˣ˵֮Ȼû˵ʵϿҶϪ
áҶϪ˵ͷװοģԥؽ̽붦С
гˣ˷׷˿Ҳѧӣ˵ֻЭԨӶаΪƣѪӡ̵Լϡ
ʣµ˶ԼԨһֳǿڶŵԼ𣬼赣ĸλ©ϢҾͲˡ
ԭν̨֮нһ̨ɣˣˮ˲һ̨ڷ̨ϲ򣬽չΪ򱶡
ɵɾչ򱶣˶ؾҲһһϦߣȻ֮棬Ҳܹϰ˶ɽٰɣ
ǧһʿܶɽٷɽʱƳʱϽв½磬ʹǴɱأչǱʿߵ࣬½ֻһһѷ½ȫͿգҲϰٷʿ衣
ԨȻν֮յóԸ֪ɽΪλήǶ֪ˮ֮Ϊ棬˭֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Իһ£м˼ΪΣ
Ϊཻ֮ǧǰϲ֪Ϊαƣӿ£ھɽͷγ֮ûͣ٣ûиκ˲Ļᣬϲһ㵹һ֮ʱѰˮڸѰһһʵĽӰǰǴ
Ļһףȴ֪ʮ⣬˶¶ŵı顣ϸŽӰֻޱȣٶ࿴۾Ҫʧһ
ֻǧؾϹ۵ù轣֮ˣֵϹŴĽףĽϼа֮ϰ˽ףٹ۽Ӱ򣬵Դɡ˽Ӱֻ֮Ϊ֮ȴ˽ƣΨ˽Ӱǡ
Ԩӵʱ룬ɤϵһشÿ˶С
ƣ
Խ֮Ϊܻգֻأǽ㱻Ϊơ
нں֮ɽԾ۵ڽӰٵ֮ĽףͻͽնɽٵɣǽֻӰ֮ӰΪ֮
֮ƽ֮֮
Ԩ񾹵õ˽ӰҲѹеҪ
ѻȸԨ޴̽ѰϽ緢ʲôֻܲǧ⽣ӰйأȱѰã⣬˽֮
ƶϣʵҶϪ˱ȣǺ侲ֻһ˿΢СĲ
⵹ǣ۵֮ͨܣܸıƣ
ӵĴǣҶϪʵ
޷ϣϽ̨ԴԴĪ˵ϰʿǰһǼټǧҲδɡʱɲһؾˡ
޾Ͽȼ硣
˵һʱ˵һޣ֪˶ãͻȻӽ䴫һϲĺУһĸߺӿ֡Щ˼ǧʿʱǽôΪ׵һɶƵģòϲм㵸
һ־磬ʢеĿ񻶡
ƽϢԨֵЩֻеĿ̸Ҫʵ֣Ҫ
Щ˷ȵͷ侲ҲǵĶ־ʲô£Ī˵ǼټǶǣ
ԨӿǣǣƵᡣ
ֻҪϸȥͻᷢ۵һŻ磬Щ˸ȡ
̨Լ
֮


63 
һ뿪֮ɽ, ݾҪʦ, ʦ, Сʦ塭
û, ͱľķסˣݶ, ٺòˡ
ҡҡͷԨһ, ȷųѰʲôһȻаΪ, Ȼаȴλ, ʵβѡ
뻯񾳽, лѣԵҲԶȿҪһʿͻͻȥְרעУش鷢㲻, ΪųͻӶŶϾϵ, ˷Ź棬ܿʹλǰʧȥͻƵĻᣬΪ, ֲòסǣʵ˵ԸݲԨӵļƻֻ, Ҳδɡ
ݶƿڣǿ룬㲻˵ҲҪߵģͬΪıЩǧšʹʲôһ۶롣
һλУףƽʱɢʵӸǿλʦ֣ľĵһְ߰˷֮£̬Ǹ
Сʦ塭
ʱصΪ֮ڡһĽϵâɱӣݻػֵһҪ죬һˡ
û¶ûʧҲûƽ̵ƣ˵뿪ˡûܿĶвɵ̾ʦ㾳磬Ҳȷ֮ѰͻơԺ뵽ʦ겻ӰСʦñסҲ֣֪æʲô¡ľĺڣʵˡݶð֪ʦкҪ£
Ƴ뿪ķ򣬵Ͼ褶ļˡľ̾˿ʦǷŲ¡
ĬȻ֪Ǹ褶ָصĴӾ褣һʱԷѵɣֻ˵֣ȴûۼλʳʦ֡
˵ڽԼߣ̨󲻶ʱ;洫缺̨ܽһľ贫ȥֻϧʱ˲ãԪӤ󲻾þ˵صʱֻܴܼϣھ֮״ϣδաӴؾĻ䣬ҲԸͽƾ̨̽ϡֻʣһտյɽͷֱǰر˳룬̨һŵ
û뵽ȥôãʦ˹Ҽλʦ֣˼ҵ濴ôĮݲ룬ܿ뵽˳룬ʦСʦûôΪ˲ϧӦҲֲǰλӵźɣЩ֮£һ棬Ҳûʲôϵ
ݶϣֱӻƸɽ
֮ʣĴߴ֪ΪΣƺһ˿ƣϸȴɫƽӦֻǴˡ
ҹɫڣսĳеĸɫǵƻͨһЩʿ˯ߣЩǲʱӰ죬ԭӦǺֵģֻǽ̫ƽ˿е˶ڵ֮̽ɽ£༯ڲ̾¥Խз׷
⵹⣬ڶĴй䣬ÿӶҪȥһƣⲻһˣսʱͽ˸飬ҪӪʲôһ
Ϊҩ֮ݱʯȸԭģ㴦䱦ʲôУʱȤȻʲôϡⶼҪȥۣ·ٲȻЩжȻأֻ¿֮ǰߡ
Ϊһģ˳һ
Ժ̸󣬳㲻бԼߣȻŶѯʺˮ֮£纣¥һӦֻš
ֱʮûʲôˣóȥսĵĽ䣺ҲҳŶ࿴ɣ
ŷ纣¥˵İáܿʹӦˡ
ֻ⻰ȴѰǡѧһ˵ϡ٣ҪǴΪĥŪúǼĻƻ裬ǡóѰڣ˵ų˳߶߶ֳѰ̣һľʦ̡
úúãʲôáǣﵽôľͲö֪ˣľͷȫŵ泤ѡϡ
˵Ѻɫĺãɫĺãһɡʳ롣
ɡηɡ̨ƣɡƾںطԪӤϵĹɫɡϵķ󣬺ɫΪͼԷɫղӹ̷硣
ѪǣϵҲʿ෨ûôིǿԣʿеķȻԽԽã˭֪ЩʲôʱܾԼһóʿѡԼƣóǴӱ𴦹ΪãϺõԭ˷͵òʧˡ
ǽޣ˵ӦԼı齣ƫûκνܵסѪ֮ǰõķٽ˵Ҳ֮Ȼ齣ѰЩҲöЩӦֶΣɡη
һ꣬Ҳܵꡣ˵
ȴҲҪꡣ
ԪӤʿ˵ڷ絲ֻССһ¡ˣϸɡȴô֪кûòŵҾһ
ЦЦʣϲĸ
ϲ븴ƺ࣬ͼҲãɫҲãҲãûʲôɡƣסñȽϡ
ҪƵֵǶǼĶ֣ǷǼӹ̷綼𲻵ʲôã뵽⴦һӦòϡ
ӣЩڳ̤뽻һ̾ϳƺķ̫Ȥģ㼱͵ز˽һ㣬һżǽƳŵĶ齣
ѩĽâһ˲Ӷ˲١
޲࣬ʹʿȴǳֻ࣬ǳ۷Ľжٲ齣֪ԶǵĽޣͽܾһЩӡɡ֮ͽ޷ţ༰ĶѲΪȻҪȻǽ
˭ϳֻƳǽܣЩҲòϡ
ûü⣬ͱĮĿŵһ£Цǡûɫˡ
в֮ɫȴһЦ˦ֽɡ˻ȥȻʦϣǾ߰ɡ
뿪ǼҽУһͻȻ˵Ĳԡ
ʲôԣ
ʵϲĸȴòϣȻǲԵġ˵Żɷµҡҡͷ֪£ܴҡͷԵģϿѧӰӡ
Ӧ˵Ŷԣ
Ȼϲĸ˵ĸ
ûϲĸԥһ£ʵһҪϲ𣿡
Ȼǣϲ˵һϲ
ţһϲ˳Ļ˵ȴĥ
ϲǴҪɣΪòϣҪɡǲϲϲϲԣǲҪɡѾˣҲȥҲ㲻ǲϲôһȥѰ˼ЩͿвҲ㲻ϲϲ
һڣб㸡֮⣬Լίʵ̫Щ
ǻе֣벻ףûʲô쳣ȴĥ壬̸ڣ˿˿Զ˼֪Ʈȥ˺δǲԡϺشЦ
ЦúܴҲܿģֱˡ
ΪʲôҪЦʡ
Ϊܿɰգգۡ
ɰΪʲôȴظԸߵ¶ȣǣס֣ǰȥ˵벻ͨȥɣȥһҡڽ£¶͸أҲԺһͶˣһֱҲûʲôϾҰƽҰҲĹȣ忴ʲôνء
ʶʡʲô˼һеġ벻Ҳûʲô㽫Ǽѿڶļ˻ȥһһֹ˵벻ҪʲôУʱںڰпĵһҲҪģҲ֪⵽ûá
˵ǡҲ˼ءšһ
ʵκ֣ʦͽܣ˵̸еӦǳŶԣʱǿǻݡʵϳȴΪ⣬ڴȷԶΪʵ޴˴µľ飬ԼҲòԾֻԷ˵еԼűˡ
֮˶ܾûڣǰ棬æڴӣϰ˳ĹԣϢҲʲôףͻȻ䣬ֱᳶһ£ͣ²ӣعͷ߶˳˫ڵӡ
ƺ濴ʲôÿζԼĴ
Ƕ仨뿴ƽ˵ҿǽǶ仨
Ŷոıȥԣü΢䣬봽ǵ΢Цһճ͵ϢϵϷʶǰƣûһ˿һټѰ˭ֻᵱǸ˳޺Ů
ʱҲȷֻǸ˳޺Ů
˵ͷصá
ʲôã
һ֪ųӣΣûпΧܵӣǾֱ䱦ȥ
䱦еĽϡ䱦ݵĵͨ䱦š
һʯ
ûаִ٣󷽷ƿȺʵĵľţȥ˵Ҫ̶㡣
̶ʲôǽӴʿû˵˵ûдȴߣ˵䱦ôûУ
⡭͵ʿΪҲͣĩڣһ׶εСʿھҪʲôû˵ĶʱöԷҳӵģһｫԷߣɼŮ˹ģڳӵͬģ˼ģԵС˵һǺ̶ǺҺˡ
Ƶ̶Ǻ̶㣬Ƿһ־ơ
ľƣʿΪڿЦ˺һŷӦʿһ򿴲ˣʿҲ⣬䱦Ŀ˾Ҫľƣðǿжʱ˼ջ䱦ﶼҪĶαص
̶Ϻõľƣѵ䱦𣿡ЦЦؿʵҲ֪Ǻ̶ʲô˵Ǿƣֲ֪ƺ͸ոǸáʲôϵ
ʿԼˣŮ˷ŭֻǼɵ벻÷ֻ˼͵˵ǣȴһЦһ˲һԲӳǰȴˡæϰ塣
սĳ䱦ʣռСͷռͷ˶Ằһϰ塱
ʿҪߣȴ˻ƵһߣֻǷͷʦյǰЦ̶㣬úúãѵʶġ
ЦʱԭС۾гһϸ죬ʱ򣬺˻ע⵽Ӻ;
ϰУ΢΢Ǹе˾ϲ
С˵ͷѹɤƵɵλСô뵽Ѱ


64 
Цú, ȴЦݺ󰵺ƴ, γֻǴʱ, ûаѽϻ, Ǳǰ̤һ뽫ǰ
վԶһЩ, 淢˵ʲô, ҲӦԡ
һͰעϣ̫ⳤ룬ʱŤͷ, ԭгһߵ۾Щһ̶, Ѱ˴һȦ϶˼־档
Цӭ, һ˲ҪɱУ濴ǷǳͰףΪ߹Ҳٲȴһ±ʶˣԭֻڶȵ𵫲С֮һ, µЩ, ´üȦηη
ʿƲ, һжƲ𣬺̶ǷǿӵʿȻû˵, ͬȻԶǣʵûʲôϽģϲܣլ㳵ʣһͷá
ȥһʿĳЦȻһѺþƣȴֻм֪ͻȻ˵䱦Ѱľƣģο˻ǰ½Ҫĵˡ
½Ҫ̫ҲҪȥҶԷ鷳˶͵ſˣ̽ʲôе
һͿҪҪ֪˴ȥʣ˭ϲŶ˼ͱ˵ʲôûҪ鷳ǽ֮ǰͷ׵һߣЦǺʵҲҪǺ̶𣿡
ǹɰصϢһʧˣ뿴˿ֿ˿û˵ЦһվԭʼûŲ벽·Ȼ֪ԼЩΣؽ͵ͻȻ뵽ʺʱڣ͹˵ͬʱĳĸ첲ڽҪš
ǲЦǺ̶㣬жʮ֣֪СҪʲôġ
ϰ岻鷳Ļҿȥζ̡˵
һ㶣漴Ц
չʿֻŮ֪ߵغֻеʱ򶼻˵ϰֻЩͺá֮İɣ˾ԲҪȥѡΪʮа˾ҪŮߣһ̾˵顰áܴϲʤƵġ
䱦Ժ˽լͬ뿪뱾ǰ棬ȴסˡ
һͺãʦûʲôϲ⣬ʱһһˣҲʡЩʱ䡣ֵûµģϰ϶ΪһС
ɫɣӦˣֳԭǴƤʱ
ʱһõʿӭĻ볤Ȼͽ֣ܺĵӦ߸ȤŶԣһӣֳĿ֮ЩǷͶĻ룬ǽʵ˿Ǻ
֪ӿɷиȤģʣǵǺ档
û̻ػϸϸЩһ䣬ÿһῴһ
ʿó붨ȻǸȤŻÿһôϸȴ֪ʵΪźǷҪ֮ĶԻŻῴøϸ
⿴ϵģῴκÿһϸСĽ䶼Ź
һʮȫ꣬ſڵûС
ʿһʼ۾ţöû˵ʲôԾרĿò
ǰҪ۸ġɫͷŴһһ飬볤ӹȻʢȻԪӤΪһЩܸأ볤ӿׯһɴȣؽ̳ͽܾӡ
һŮԼʦǳӣٻ޿֡뵽⴦ŮĲ֮˼֡ǳӵĵӣһ¡׳Լ˼УڳڿʱûзӦãȻʲôûУ
ûиȤġ˵һ顣
ŶԭˡʿɫһεЦЦһ֣ǰЩʱһεʵر֮ǰҪһЩ翴Щ
ԭгһЩԪӤʿܼԦľӾһȤʧ䣬ʧ֮Щһм˲ٻڵķ볤ҲԪӤ磬˻ڷܲġ
ڳǿ鿴ʱ˽ôģҲ°Ϻõű
ߵߣɢһ֣ЩӰƵһߣȻ˵˾䣺ʦģ
˵ûУȥ߰ɣЩ㲻ϡ
㶮ʲôʿĵ涼ǾķСʿ˵ǣס缸䣬ȴסˡ
ǸģЦƣƣ˵ϵķĵȷ̫˵㡣
뿪ǰһ϶Цֻǲ֪ΪΣɫƺЩס
뿪䱦򽫳սĳǣϷȥ
ҪȥǰʵȴӣⲻԶֻܸҾͿԡ
Ȼ˵ˣͲٶʡ
ȷûԶֻʱʾ⵽ˡ
һƬȺɽеĴƽĺ浹ӳǳ¹⣬岼С˲
ɽǷ˳ֻΪɽƶͣܽɽ棬ǳǵĵͷ·ټĺͶһССʯӡȻˮһʼղ
ŵĵ쿿ģһƽϸߣӵһƽء
ѾѮ͹һʢʱڣֻûջʱïܣҹɫ¿Ѱû
µĵطڸߴּһСƽأһֱͨϣˮ®Զͨ˵ݾ˼η紵󣬾ͻֳһҡҡ׹ư®ϵéȻڷƮݿȴȡ߽ͷһ硣
ס⣿ʡ
ûС͵Ҹոϰ帽ûʲôʺƵĵط͸ָطɴͷء
ʲôͷ
һ˵ƿǲ®ţӺһС·һ㶼ǳէ벻棬
ôܡˮһţԼʾⳤҲ£ЩϰҵģǰȾơ
ҲȾƣ
С΢΢һЦƵֹסͷ
ʲô뻹ڵĺ仰ض˸ͣͬʱԷЦɤ
͵СҡͷԵٴļ֣һƣ߰У֮֡
˵һơʱһɾƺŵϣȡɾյֱƣһ룬ֻϧʱѹˮǷƲ
һ˵һǱƣζŨǱȪҹԵú¶ȡ¾յ˿ͣǻûлȾЩϧ¾ƾͻһЩ˼ѰҺãȻ󳯺˦ӡ
Ư˼º㰲ֻˮ΢ҡڡ
ѾܾûˡԺиֳͷʵϲŲ£ǺڲҹȪɽһȪ۸㣬˼ˡ
ʱζɽȪеͲʽʵƿִ࣬ϵζڸŨյкϵĳ塣ʱһԾˮ棬㾹һ߶೤תѰ˼ǰδЩġ˼ΣԼӡľϴεĿǰɽʱԹ٣ƺûġ
Źֵĸоӿͷ뵽ǰ˵ġЩ˾㲻ϹҲ룺ĪǰҲˣ
һܳˮ棬ƳǷ˶˼Ʈ˱𴦡ϴζӦòһƴŸʲôζˡ
뵽⣬ƳǾƺһۣ漴ּľյġ
㲻
ôʣע⵽˵ϲ֪ʱһӣָôϸ֦Ҳнڲͣھ۾شѡûʲôǷ䵽ɼë
ʲô벻Щɺô˵ͣƺ̫ˣѾһ
ǵ˵һ˾͹ˣ˿ʱȥЩġ
ӡһһ¾Ͷһߣƺǲ⣬˸ܿҲˣﲻʱšֱи̡̫ˡʲôģ˰ѡ˼
ʲôʡ
˵Ͳˡسգգۣгڽ²˸򵥵󷨣ӷ˽ȥ̧ͷ뻹ڿЦԲһ¡
ֻһСܺؿơȷ濾Щ¶Ȳߣڽȼ
Ϊ˺ˮ֣ɺЩҪʲô벻ˣɽʱ;ĵһЩвֵС⡣
ֻһջЩӱɺ˰ɫóһС½ֵļϸȻȡһı߽ȥܿԲ
ֺ֪ɣסᵽȫģ޸ͷӾסҲ֪ˣͼȥϸʱͷһжģģġ
Ȼ֪ԺлгʲôӵĻԳͲ̫˵ˣЩľĳƳĹ⾰Ƶġ
Щ¾ʯȪˮȴˮۣʲôû¡
õ֦ϣԼĪ糤ܿ
뻻ֻͣһֻȥһǵʱ÷ϰʹȻûʶѡۿ
֦ϸСָҪϸ٣ǶȥˣǹԲģЩ⣬һԼ⣬˶˿ס
ʱ߰˸ÿһһϸ
⻹ǳһȥЩǸ˻ȥľм鶯ɵϣһͣвûʲôᡣ
ʱѾһֳȵˣԼ֮߳ǰ΢һЩ뿴𽥶Ѹߵշ˲²⣬ֱԵҲ²
䣬ͷ͵һͳ˺ģæ̧֣ѳˮ棬տյģ㹳ˡԭעߣƯȥûִһ̧֣һ°߳ˡջͣ뵽Լûж㹳֮࣬ȥҪһŤͷͶһ˫Цӯӯӡ
Ǳأء͵Ц֮òزסԴЦʦɲܵˡ
򴽣һԲµ㹳͵˦˺ȥǣĿתź棬ʱרע֮£ûһ˿һиûҧ֮ܵ
˵㣬ʵô
봹һŴûʲôҷˡ
͵УֺĲġɰ֣עűɿǶػεԺֵЦΪģΪܺá
ܺã
ĳҶģѵǺܺ𣿡˵Ц
ĺͺܺûйϵ
ǲ̫ףȴѾ̸˱ģȱ𴦵ĸǲ١
ΪǱأ뵽֮ǰ˵Ļ
Ӧ˵Ǳءǰһָܿǰŵʲô
˳ָķȥܴƾֻܿޱ޼ʵĺˮԪӤʿܹ׽ɽȵķ羰۵ס
лв죬ûһλǰԽ棬˺ˮͷֱˮеʯڣʯɽһ֣Ǹƽɽֶ̱Ψʯûаɫ׺ʯһ澵ӣӳɫµԲ⡣
񣿡Щȷ
ûһڣɽвʯһʿͱ
˽ߡѿɽʳʹ֮ڽϵԶԼ
ʮɸߣʿƾΪƻɽ壬ԽһǳʯҲڱ覴ãм䳬ĽС
ܲµǺη𣿡Цʡ
ڣ
źˮεĸƯĸ֣
ơ


65 
֮ǰ, ˺ý, Խ޵, ֮, ٳͻƣ뿪֮, ĺ֮, ڻԵɺԾƳԾ覰֮ڣǰ轣
ֻǷ, κ֮󣬽޳ǽƽƽ, ٿȴþ, ̾˾Ѹĳ̶ȣһҪΪʦϰǰžֻϵӰӡ
Ծ轣Ͷ, Ϊ, 轣֮ȥӰȴǰһľϻǽ޴ľϻ, һס
ǾǺ֪ĴĽס
ǽԾͣǧ꣬ÿչڽӰϰĽ, ϵĽӰʧ뿪֮ȻԼ֪оͻ㾳磬Ծʱǻڣ뿪ʱǴڣ֮ķջɡ
ΨһƽĽޣ˵Ҳ꣬ýӰ֮΢ĸҵΪͻͽֻ
Ľ˵гֹϰĽ˵쾭쳾Ժ˶²Ǿ׾轣ķڷĹѡ
ǽʱϹȥԶĹ¿ȻʵڻɺŴӸִ˵жƴնġ
Ϊͬ޽Եʣλɵ¼˽ñҪһЩн޵׷ԱʼʱŻ֡
ԭֹһλɵĹ£ûгһջԾ˼Ƭ̣־Լǲǲ´ˣ￴ǺΣ
ʱûκ谭Ľ磬ȺɽУǴϿշɹĻֻһͷȺɽһ࣬ᱻǽɳΪԾ
ʱƬӦģǽ뿪ʱ˳ֳȥĽɡ
ֵ˵ӦϹżΪ壿
ϹżΪʿĻԵǽ֮ӦдĽǰǡ
ǶǼǰˡԶҲ֮ɣֻ֮͡ǽӰɢֱȡߣҲ峺ʣµһˮȷЩʿȻٱȤ׹أ˳̫ʺϿɣö֮Ҳʽˡ
ʱ̫ɽǼ΢⣬˺ŨصҹĻУȥˮеĻ찵ʹ֮ͨ͸ıɫͻȻܳƬƵĹâƬ춼Ⱦ죬ںϳĻ⣬ˮɫҡҷˣǽϼˮУŨҵɫһ㾧Ө貵Ĺ
ԶȼյɫֱƬնջߣƳĲЦ⣬ĪһͷҲܺá
˵ϵ׺Ǿúܺá
ֹһӣƯٶ˶ˮϺϺ¸Ӧ̽ͣ׼ȸƯȥ͡ͻȻľĦ˺óһӣƯܿ¸ˮ棬ˡ
ͣȱһС飬ѾҪ¿ˣˡ»˳Ƴһ̶ֲۣһЩȻѱƴԳϤ
ԭɡ
ָϸΪɡϸĥĳɡܣ˴ΪӸ֣һжʮ˸ɡǣڷſ£Ƿ覴áʶ뿴˹ǻ˸ЦݣոհܵĲƵġ
һ׳֪ͣΪȱܵԵʻ֪и˲٣ٽź治ţͣתȥϸɡǡ
һע⵽ɡĹǰÿĺɡЩʣΪʲôɡ֮ǰɡͬ
ɡһԴֵԲƶ˶ʮ˸ף̶ڲɡǡҲһͲ濪˶ʮ˸ϸۣɡƶ֮ǰɡɡǺǴɡֱӷֳģûзôಿ֡
ͬˢͣôʣһ㶣ԺŷӦЦͨɡǵģʿзɡֱӹ̶ɡҲܳſ£ûǵðɡϲɡ֧ܣɡǶ
˵ŽԲ˳ɡȥ뿴ڲɡĶɡǳ𣬴ԲŲϣǶʮ˸ɡͬʱſ
ԺʱͿʼֻˮɣûгŹɡͺ󣬶ʱͨͨɡʵǰδŵ
ƺ˼һЦеɡ̾乤գɲʦ
һᡰšһͬ˵Ƴ۸ƯûʲôҪʲô
ֻɡǳһߣӴȡһͲԼһȾϡͲɡ棬ΪҪɡϻ
˭ǹȾϣ˻ξͽһ޶õͲϣǵɫȾϣ滹Щ̻ңҽӵɫͲӣͿĨ˼£һͲɫʶס󶶿Ͳнɽͼ
ôһ˵뷢ͲϵɫʿмеȺɽҶɫ쵽ԶɽӰӰֱˮɫһ治еģ
Ͳúù̶ɡϣɡɡת˼ȦЦЦͿ˼£Ȼ𣬽ɡݸ룺ˡ
ӹɡͣͽɡϣȴʣſ
Ѿˡ
ֻɡʱӣôܽпˡ
ھҪɵؿе͡
Ȼڡ
ҲĿ̫УܾĻԼܾܿ͵ˡſҲʲôӦˡ
͸ϥͷһסɡǰбһֻɡſҲմȾЩȾϣˮ
ȻһĨɫҺ󷽣תɡǰɫתǰ档
ʱ򿴵ǵâţǣǰ㣬ȡǱһ鵽ϣ°ͣעų롣
ҶɡǺͱԵɫ̽ǰճġǽļӲݣһ꿪˻һС׻
ɡ»һС׻
Ƭ׵Ļ꣬ǵɫģȻš
ϲ𣿡ʵ
뿴Ƕ򵥼ʹնȴҰһʱ䣬֧ĻӹԺ̫̫࣬ϾȥʶʲôЩҵɫܿعƽֻһССĳ֮ͷ΢΢
˵ͷ˵ϲ
䣬̽ɨֱëƵģһȴְסϥͷһᣬЦɤڼЯ˿˿ȶȣϹˡ
һ߶೤㱻ˮͷš
ٽʱֵĩĳ൱ȣӲӵĹߴƬͶˮ棬۵úܡ
ȥˣ뿴ɾƺԵĹΣ̽ȥ˴ƺϿ˷ģһֱű
̶㡭Ƶ֣Ƭ̣ӴѰһԴȻֽǾƺ˽ȥ
ҲһЩ˼
źûãŸӻˣƾһƣʱ̫̣뱾ΪǻȡʲôȴӷºٲȻѾ󹦸ɵģ
Ƴ̣⻹ġ
ͷβǺƤȥƬɱıƬɫ׼͸մȾЩɫǿǵĺ켡Ƭɻ״ԻΪƬƬ̯вչĻꡣƬǻƵģµĵҶ
ʱȡСǵһĶгϸĩֳɫ
ѵҪֱ󣿳벻⣬ȴһСһ˫ӷŵԼǰӵϾơƺŵ˱סһɿ˳һۣ󷢳һ̴ٵЦеܺá
ûʲôܺãת׷Ҫ𣿡
ζԼȫãȻҪˣӡûгԹʳȻ˵ʳǿп޵£ʱ𽥶֮˼Ҳǰһж⣬ÿǰͬʱͻɻȻͻʳ
ȻҲǿԵģֻҿر췴ỵԭζȼһƬ⣬պЩĵϣУϸϸ׽£һСھƣüкܿ¶ɫڣ⺮̶㣬ٺòˡ
ѧӼһƬСУ׵ƬϺܿһȦɫϸĩ˿ʣɫĵʲô
⡢Ρ÷Ƥ;׷һһϰ˵ͷеõģһޡ
ϸʱѽƬУްζ嵭ʱƺѵζܿɢеҼζḻĵ׺ϸһµмζȴһʱֻ֪Ǽõġ
һھƣ±֮ǰͣһȥζԺ󣬵ľζϵһһζ
ǾΪ̶㣬ΪˮȡԸɽ̶֮ʣѣΪ¶ȵԳʱϵǳʺʱáʱȻļĩʮ֣̫϶Ժ̶㣬áԪӤ֮壬ƺ左ֻζ
Цʡ
̧ӣֱֱעܺáֳһƬʣڣ
һ֣нڡžƱһֻ˼£ĸֱڳǱߵϸ
ڡҪУ˵ͷ֪ˡ
ֻϧѹдź֮⣬ԾڣҸϲԴһʤգţνָһһߵ棬ֻڻǰߣѰոգ仨긴ꡣ
ǳƵĵӣһ㱣ǰĿһ׷ѩ
ϧˣоҲһ̾Ϣ


66 
սĳ, һס, һ糣, 纣¥֪, ΪǾڳתƣûж, ֮ǰ۵һòĲ, ɫãҲ˳һߵͷֻ뷨ûüͷתϼȦ, ͱˡ
ϵЦȻ͵˰С֮ϢСԺȥ
, šҴϢСԺ, ǡԺУ㽫ŵ˹ȥҽյġ
лӹźǴùɽģѺ˷Żùɽ, ̺ȥ, ùɽս·;ңԶԽյţź󿪿ڵ, ǰսĽһȥ¹ش󣬵ʱϸ̸, ֪Ƿͻ
ұд⣬ͻ纣¥ʦǱͽǶ޷⡣
͹ˡ
ҵǷ֮¡纣¥˰֣ʲôԳԥ֮⡣
Ϊ̣ԭһֱһĴ٣˵Щʱգһϱ֮˿ƫ̻̹Աػ᳹ϢԴɷȣһڵǶ˼ֺøС纣¥źûߣܻʣֻǵڣ֪ô˵źãʵʲôɻ󣬵˵޷ֻҪ漰лܣһʵԸ档
ǺǣȻ˵ˣұ㲻ˡ纣¥мЦЦ֮ǰСʦʦ˵龭һЩ⡣
£
ڵùɽʦظ֡
纣¥սĺ󣬴򴦵֪Щ˾ʹ۹һ¼ɵľǸˡ
ùɽһӣסضءߣֽ֪ۻٵ˶ˣ˷ԭʿǰȥ̵ûƾһ֮ҵҲָʹָʹˣǵ֪һ崫˶̫£ܻùɽְ̣Ը롣
纣¥̵֪£ħԲŻҪȥСʦ塣ȴ֪ǸΪҪ볤ΪС룺Сʦǰδɽ߶Ҫ˵ԹҲֻǧһˣȻǧȡ
ǰ֮ʱǧһ£ֱסһԼȻ޿ܳùɽ
˻ˮĴ޶˹ȥ纣¥ںˮһûв߾ڸΪ˽ˣһ˵ȷϳִ̽ʬԺˮ룬ֵûþ͵͵еĲкˣ±˷ʲôƵģʱݲڣǰȥһڵҲûܲ
һ̻ôޣһҪƵģ纣¥˰죬ûȻ
޽򽣴ºҲ˵嵱ʱ׷ʲôԼаʹȥߣϽŰȥסͺľȫȻع֮ѪԼҲǶദˣնɱ޵ĽӦ
뻹˵ץסǽͱ˶ߣֻǰ;ȴ̽ȥ
̺һûصף֪ʱ򵽵׷ʲô纣¥ְ죬ʼղ²͸Ǻͼ
纣¥ɻ˼һޣѪǡ͸ɣΪҪ볤ΪѣҲ벻͸
Сʦɽⲻ⣬Ҳ֪˭ն񡣡纣¥̾
ôޣ벻ԪӤΪܵеùޱʣ³ȻǱʳ
᲻ǡϳ֮ɫˣ賤̵ħ
纣¥Ƭ̣ͷ⵹Ҳпܡ
̼޳룬󼤷ĵɱ⣬а
֪ΪΣ֮ͬ⣬ƺһ
˵ùɽ˳û纣¥ʣУܿйء
ӡûУסĵطΣָѰѾмǧûˡУҲ޲ˡ
ǧ갡纣¥üǿ˽뿪
뿪һ㶣˺þòŻ˵ͷ⵹йҲֹһ
ԭǧǰʱм춯ʱ峤ĳΪùɽԤף峤һ͵͵һʿ뿪ˡ
еһҡҡͷԣⲻ̫ܡ
ΪΣ
ʱ򲻵գѾôãĳ˵ǶѾ˷ԭˡкˣҲ˶ãôΪ
Ҳǡ纣¥˵ȴѰ˼Щ˲һ˵˵֡
ҵʼٸ˵ˣΪ˼ĿģֻʧҪҲ֪ôӺѰ˼˴ͷ
˺һԣ룬׼ϡ
ˮ֮Ȼвɵ㡪˵Ǻ˲ã˵½ΪҪץǧȣٱ˵Ϊλᶢϳ룬гǶѺͿ˸㶼㲻塣ɶһ˵ʧ±Ǹһ䡣Ȼǰշ纣¥Ѫֲԣ󾹺֮ǰࡣ
ˮ֮ңֻǿ˰ˡ
Ժ󣬱ȻƹⰡ
ϣ˱Ƴ㣬̸ЩʲôȻǲʲô⣬ڣʱֻҪžͿˡ
̸ЩʳԺһһ轣֮˺Ĺϵ
ǸˣµĽӰȴǽɶƣνֻǺ˵Ĳ²⣬ͬҲкܶ˾ǽɿˣ轣֮˲ɣô˵á
Ҳĵӡ־֣ΪΪλǷˣ
ҲǺ˰ɡܿ˼ؿڣ˵Ͳ츳׿޷Ϊá
ΪΣ
Ҳкܶ˵Ҽ֣һ˵Ů洴ʱõɫʯɫʯľ鲻㣬ֻܸû࣬Щδ޷ǵĺˡ˶٣ֵ˵Ϲսйأ˵̹Ŵȥ֫ļĸɽס죬սײһɽЩº£һ˶ȥɹǡٻ麣ԵɣӡѪͬ޷뷲֮
￴Щ
ȻķҰʷӼǣ̸棬Լ;˵ǰڹͿʼЦͣ˵ˣҲʤġԵ
뿴ЦգҲǡ
˵ҵĵӡЦ˰֣õ۽ǰЩܸģӡžͷֱ磬ʲôʱȥͽҵǾ轣ǰõ۽ں󡣡
˼ǡ˼һƲ
˵ףҲֻǺְˡ˵Ϊʵ޹ϵĻ˼ʹǷˣ뻯ͨҲδɡ
Ϊֻ֮֮һˡ
˭
֪ɡ¶ı飬Ц˵Ǻ֪
Ұʷ̸κɫȮһѣڵǼ٣ʲôϵأϾЩڳеˡ
֪ɫȻǳҫ
Ѿˣһھƣ¾ƱһȾīɫĺûȥˡ
ǰûȥˡӦ۵һĨɫһûƸɽˣϣǴٳʲôˡ
ͬɫ£սĳʮﴦư۵ļǵսĸȥɫѣϻ̵ѪȴϾͣºúˣ޲ƶսĳС
ǽգ֪ҶʧٵϢ󣬾ͿʼĴѰһϢشֻʱѰҶۣתϻսġ
Ҫǰвס
أһɨ־ſ磬޴ײ¼󣬲Ϯֹ߲һʵĵ׶ʱһƬκγɣɽٵǰȥ
߰꣬ΪѲݵԪӤ֮ȫ֮£µķɽ׺磬һգ۾ΪѳյʱͻȻ÷ɽһأײε
Ů˹Ƶĳǰһգʱһһϣһס˽յĽԼˡ
մ󾪵޵Ǳɽɭ޵ˣ
ɽųƴ֮أɽݣ岻죬벻пͣƣˮû֪ɽȻҲû֪ɽɭ޵
˲֪˲ģ˵ɭ޵Źʿչ죬趨ɻǣķѴʯԲ֪ʲôʱʼɭ޵Ϳʼɱ˵⡣
ֻҪ㹻ʯɭ޵ܳȥκˡ۹ɭ޵ʿֻ֣ܲܳû˵õ𰸣ΪʱûκܸȥһʿҪʯ
ϳЩ߾ɭ޵ĶŹ޵һϳ˿˿Ѫߡ
֪ĺܶࡣŮƽؿ
Ǹˡ


67 
뿪봦, 纣¥ȥһ, ۿͷ, ȥ, ͼѰɫҴҹûп롣
Сʦʦȥм˰ɡ
ѰüҲŴй, ·ûз, Ҳû˻Ӧм
纣¥Ѱɫãв⡣֪, ˵ʹ˳ǣƽʱûʲô, ֻղź̸ʱְɵһ, ںܿ˶ڰҪԳ벻Ѱ˵Ҳ룬һӼæ˵ȥǡ
һ𵽴ٻص, ȴһǰһˡ
纣¥ûüǴк, Ѱͳʵȥˣ
ܳ壬˵ŭɶ·˷Ƶġ
ǡ˵, ͱѰˡ
бʦδڣֵõ˵, ȥ
纣¥Ҳʱһ
Ƹɽʱֻ̨ˣ˳룬Ӵľݡ纣¥Ͷˡݺͷ纣¥Ƣͣڶ֮ĶһЦ֮Ȼʱִѣ˴õҲӣ̨ͳ̨Ҳǲʦżݺͳ뱻ȥɨأܹĺǳ⡣
ۿƵ̧°ͣæȥһߣһ߶԰꣬һѰʦ壬Сʦר뿪̨壬彻֮¶ʦģһʱûĹʦ
ⷬԲһǺϵǾóѰίʵЩ֡û٣㲻ϣֻ˵
ô˵Ѱɫһһף˺һԻЩǼӲŷ˵ҪԸ㣬ڴ޺ãվͻƸɽƳ˳һۣ̾һֵƺϵɭ޵ˣ˵ҪԼֶӱ𡣡
ɭ޵֣纣¥ɫʱ˰ס
Ӧһȥˡ
δ˵꣬Ѱͻ˻֣ˣȥ֮ᣬ޺ãǾ̻ƸɽȥʱͲҪˡ
纣¥״Ѱ˼ԭʦǵСʦ壬ŻҵǴʱƮһ̴ٵЦȴʱܲصҲֻˡ纣¥һʶŲŲӰͷƤųѰѵ⡣
Ѱֻǵһۣת볤ϴξ˵Ϊʦúùܽµӡ˵գȳػ뿪ˡ
ԽԽˣʦûóʦҩ¯֮𣿡Ц
ƬǰһҪȥͳѰƴļƣڵ˼Цˡ
ʦã纣¥޲øϸ䣬˵䡣
뾹һһûС
Сʦ壬㻹ȥ밡纣¥֪ÿ޻ǸЦˣҡҡͷ̾һѰĻƬ̵ɺܿͱȡ̫ʦõϢ٣СʦȷҪСģɭ޵̫Σˡ
ʮλʿУɭ޵ռλȻвһڣóڰȡıǶˣȷ̫ΣˣҲѹֳѰ
뵽⴦ɫǰ⴫ʱǧҪСġ
á˵ͷ
ȴû˵۵ƺ˼ʲô
ڶ죬Ѱѡʱֶʱʢɭ޵ǱѷЧʱ򣬷纣¥ſУ뾹ȻҲˡһöƵݸ˳һţԺܻ̳öΪ¡
ʲô廰ѰԿһƺھ档
ƾöƴŸӣȻݷùɽִƱɳް˵һۣ¶Ǹ֮⣬˵СѾģӦǣֻ¹شֻһöƣֻίСˡ
ʲôƣһ鷳ҶҪЦպʦһȥùɽҲմЩ⣬ϱ֮𣿡
Ѱϰݵ񡣡
޷ЦЦӴ˼ΣҲ֪ЩԷƢ֪ȥƽֻԼʹ죬οǳĵӣҲѹϵֽȻģСùɽضϱֳ֮֮ϿҵСѣҳһչˣĵѺսλˡ޹Ժһܰæģ뾡ܿڣһадʡ
лƣ
֮󣬸˺˼䣬Ѱų뿪һڵıݣȥ
ŲԶˣѰڽǰʯϻһڵķλ˱һվУܿ죬нֳƣ׹𣬽˵Ӱס
ţ
ͻȻһȣͬʱһȾѪӰ˹ֻһҲУ˫ſӡƺ뽫Ƴȥ
һʱͳѰȺֽ֣Ѱʹһ̹գ۾ͽ˼ס
ͬʱ׹ĸ˵ӰͬʱʧڴС
ֹһһŮߵ˴ǰģͨȺۼ˶ѽҳϢϡޡ
֮ǰŮ˵ʲô»ɢˡ̫鷳뿪Ůˡ
Ŵüͷڶļӣ˽սúҡͷ̾һ˾üͷչֻһ鷳ģ
ʲôûҾѾʼͷˡС
вżֱĸоӳ볤еĲ̫ҹ㳡ǰΡĴ׵ĺڣͬʱòյµĻϢӿǻ
ﲻƸɽ
⻪Ȼȥ˲䣬ЩΪԼ۾ֳëȻûüȥȷϣܺر硣
⣬Ҳǻ⣬ǹķƵĹѴ˷ӿ
һµĹ
һ˳֣ͻᴥ֮˽ɱ
ֵһ˲뿴ͼǵ˭
ǾǽգֻѪۣԭòڴ봫ʱⳤͳѰͬʱ񵲣ѱ˹ȥ
˲ȥǽΪλΪķĹѾһסʲôУʵıзҲзȻд඼㲻ʤ࣬ǳ˲˷ʤ̼м׹ڳǰǴһС顣
ū\˸žӨĹʣûеĽƴ̧һ㣬Ӱѳȴֺܿͣסˡ˲Ϣоƣ֪ԼֽӰԱҲܻס򣬿߻гѰһ˵ĽաĽ̫˵˵ǣˡ
вݰԥοΣ֮ʱ֮мķһ㽹ڵĲۡ˵ʱʱ죬ֻѰһȣס߰Ѷ˵ֻ̹һ壬ǴΪģɢˮ״벨У󣬲ƾͷеɫǱɴתһϣЩ桢֮Ĺͳͳ⡣˲䣬𣬽ָ߰˶١
Ѱ²еҩ֮޳ҩƣ˶ƴ򶷣ʵʲˣһһڵӻ죬νֻ̰ԶԣҲȣ嵤ҩһȷó򶷣ʿȣǶʵϳˡбǳѰһڻںˮ֮ᣬѲֻ֮ͣɴƵϽ˷Ĺ룬ЩʵĹϺǽһӣ˳֮һתгǼΪǼѶûаܵ
йסѰ͵ذγǶ̹͵Ľ䣬쵶⽣֣֮ǰƣֻǷˡǼƵĹϤѰ˻ȥ
󣬹ͣסѰջ޳ǲиڸһȦȷΣպظһи̻֮˻ΣžվסڵأסؿڿȳһѪ
ԭոþȫǿЩԼҲⷴɶˡ
ȡҩݸѰȴҡҡͷָָʾⳤ뽫ҩԼΪʼϢ뽫ҩշ£Ȼʵˣ
ѰûüסȼȻǰ棬ǶķĹʲôãΪͣЩͳѰǿһЩ޹ؽҪȴմմġ
û¡˰֣Ȼʼ߹ѰʱһЦԭʦô
ǹάǺЦɤʵ־ڳѰ˹û仰Ȼٲһӵۡ
һɽУӦ￴ͲʱôˣʶҲܿܵģ
ɽ߻Ҫ۸᫲ƽĴι״ʯͷЩʯͷǼûбˮˢĺۼ
רע㲻ţתȥѰȻĵ׸ֳһĸо·ʲô˲ڰУעǡִ𣬼ʶģӳһ
ûһ鼸˸ߵľʯУ滮һϸߡ
ôˣʵ
üܣʶ̽ÿһϸ΢Ľ䣬ʲôûֻ֣ҡҡͷûʲôҵĴ
˵ԭ˼ǾʯЦһһСʯ˹ȥ
ûʲôСʯײʯͷͱˣȻһ̣ʯͷϰ벿غȻڵϣ󣬺治ʯͷ׷׶ѵ£µĲǿƽпҲһ޵Ĺ⻬ƽһȥ嵽жپʯնϣ⿴õľжʮ飬ںڰУ޴ϸ
һδ˿ٲ¾ʱȣ֪˶١
ҲгһգǶˮɡֹ֮鿴
ĳ䶨ָֻƽûע⵽նϵǿʯϣȻм㳾мƮ¡


68 
ⶴѨȻ, ʯһЩû֮, Щʯ鶼ǴӶұ, Ӧ߸Ĵս¡
Щʮǰõ, һǰģʱǡܶ, ԷʱͿʼˡ
ʱ, ѰϢϣҲҵ˳ڡ
ʵһ㶼ңǳֵĵطλڶѨ, һξͻֶᷢѨ£ֻһͨ, żʯ, ƹʯھ뿪Ѩ
δ⣬ȥʱִǰ棬ѰŽ󡣽ջûѰ鿴, ֪Ȼصһʱû֮, 뿪Ϊȡ
ʱҹͬģɽһ, ԶɽӰҹɫУֻܿõģкͶһʯķҵս, ɽ²ʯֻΪ棬ЩʯǴѱĥƽԲ̶ǳսӦǷںܾǰʱһ˶û
Ѩڵɽܿɽ岿ֱּģ򿴲ͷֻܼƲ㡣Ʋ㽫Ƭնס£΢ĹߴƲ㣬ɽȲڳ׻찵ء
˴ӣʳѰʦ֪Ķ𣿡
ѰҡҡͷƾЩʯҲʲôüԸڲЩʱ򣬵֮뿪⡣
˵ձгɽȥ϶ɽٸߣҲסɽֻƬ̾ɽۣʱɽһ࣬Ҳδ
ûʱ¶ʱһƬãһ˲ɫ䣬ȵȥ˵͵һƾԼ䣬׹ƲסΡ
뿼ǵΪΪϣصؽУԼںԳѰʱ˶ûƲС
ôˣɵҡҡͷʾԼҲһͶѰͣ˭ϳѰһԲƵϺͷ½գһŵҩУԼҲһţٶȿʼ˹Ϣ
ˡ
뵱˻صϣԸ۳󽫳ѰͽУԼ⿪˽Դ
¾˺һû춯ϽɻϺͿʼͷƲ㣬ʱءסһ
ʲôˣע⵽ŤͷȥɽΪʲôһᣬٽӰָŵǴ
ȴҡͷûʲôƲΡ
ʲôΣ˵ǲƣǶΡͷһȴǳѰչ
ѰɫԲ԰ףû׻ָӦ估ʱִ˾ȼҩ˿׶༪١
ȥ鿴յһȻҿⶾν·סˣ޷뿪⣬ֻѰ·ˡǰĵƣҰҹڲ䣬ȥǰ̽·ɡ
Ȼû
ѰϢһ㿪ʼΪʩάŽϮһͻȻʶһ̬سĬΣʱ̣ԷһԵõģȴ֪ʲô
㡭ԥһ£ǲˣ
ţĻƴγѣƬ̣ҡҡͷûУҺõúܡ
ԺЦ˼Ըߵ¶Ⱦԭֱضţȴһôһײ£Ҳ֮ǰǰһ˿ˡ
֪ΪΣԭ龹иЩ
Ҳ֪ܲܿճ
ɤԱ벻ȥ֪ԷһǹӯӯǳЦģ̧ĶΣ֪ˡ
ѰƳһۣüƺЩ⣬û˵ʲô
ҹˡ
Ƿૣۣнߴ󣡡
ԺŷԾܣʧ뵣ַ֣Цûܸϰ
˵δҲ̫ˡȤѰ̵һۣȻʼѯʽǱˡ
飬ɭ޵
һڡѰıʱϾȴ˹ǣ˳࣬ߵ²ء
ʲôʡ
ЦЦշ̧°ͣô˵ɡ
Ƭ̣ͽľһһ˵
ǰЩһֱںˮ븽ѰҶ۵䣬һһĪչʱżȻײ¼ʿ׷ɱһˡ
ҳ־ˣƼأϵҩãԭίңûûǾɢˡ˵˴ϳһ˿̣Ҳ֪Ϊ˸˾𣬾ȻıŰ㳤ӡ
ԭ׷ɱҲ£ǰӴΪսĳǵĴ䱦ʦ鰵Լµʦ֪Ķ˷λһʿɴȥƸɽͻᱻ͵
սĳƸɽԶʦʮа˾Ҫߴ
úôҪǼʦĲ©ϢȻתͷ˽Ƕɱˡվ˸ã֪Ϊˣ׷ֻǽǵĵĻӣǰˣƵûܱס
ҵ̸֪ϻս뽫¸ǣ˭ϰ;˵ղԾһֱϵ˿ڣЦµЩʿһɭ޵ˣŮίʵʵãЩɥ֡
ɭ޵ˣ廰ʵ˵Σ켣Ⱥ˿ۣȡ֪ģô׾ϳ𣿡
ѰƳһۣƺܲĲ졣ӹŰ壬ǣһ׶ûóȻǰʣʵǺʧ񣬵־ʱƷǳʺֻ̫̲ɫһ
յûоñðĽãݼڣһֱɰߴǰʦͽ˰Ҷ۴æмƽЩС£ʣ̹Եʵʦɭ޵˽֣ɭ޵һŹ޵ʱΪʦʩչ޵ʦԵֵˣʦŽҼһϮҵŮõľУȻϵȴ֪ɭ޵
ͳϸŽȻǱڰΪûʵ壬ǱȶַԼ˿߲ʱʵѲá˵ףʵʩȴѣͬʱǧ˿ߣ߼١
ʲô޵֩ЦҲˣ󲻻תΣΪô
Уȴҡҡͷ˵ʵ˳־һѣˡ
Ѱɵ˭
ȴ˵֪ʱ˿ѽȫճѪۣԷֻ趯־ܽʬΣ֪ӺδһҶӣЩ˿ߵˡ
ϮƺʶԷΪͻȻúܼת۾ʧˣҵžϻսģûͣ̾˿û뵽һڷۡ
͵͵һ۳룬Էϼ޸мҲ޹ԹʱһʧӿϡƴȫΪԵʣʱɶԷ²Ҳù޶ԡ
⵹ȻɫȻѰæοΪ֣ǲŻǰ裬ܸסЩ
ʱһ¶֮ɫǸ飬ǹҪģֶǱڵģװʲô
˵ʱŲŲӣóסѰƵߣ߶С֪ǶԻݱȽ⣬˾ɱģ
Ѱ˵ϲ̸˵ǷǣЩģɫסƫƫڳ棬Ҳɫ뷢ʣ˸߲ҵؽ
ҾԳ֡ԼĿ˵ĴֱȻ¡˵ǣȥ˾ʱ뿪ʱ˾ţԱ˲ỳɵͷϣȥ˾ʱɭ޵Ϣһ˾ӣǾܽ˾Ϊڼ֮Ϣͱһʬ壬Ϊһʬ壬ɭ޵ֻҪȱȥ˾ʬʱͿˡ
ΪʲôҪһΪУ벻⣬Ƭֿ̺ڣⲻԣΪ˾ǾǲҪΪʲôɱأ
ᣬǽպͳѰˣ˽һԼͬ¶ӵɫϸ΢ͬ󣬳Ѱǽ꣬˾һ˲Ҫǳⳤ롣
ֻҪ΢֪ЩгǵĶ򣬾ͲΪе֣˾ҲãǨŭһҲãɶԶ׼û˻ȥ²Ķֻõʲôӡ
ȴ벻ͨһìܵʵ
ΪҪ˾𰡡뵲ס¶˿ı飬ֻһ˲һ翣Թۺ鳰ŪȴĪģ˾ΪԼһΪУҲΪԼ
ûʵԴɹöˣҾͶϰΪˣûʲôʶСӣô˳¡
ԣ˵ѣ죬ϸü΢΢ʹɫŨˣӲĮǵʹĽëһָⶼɢųһеϢ
Լ֮УԼϲǷȴ֪Ϊʲô
Ϊ䣬ΪԣʲôǶԣʲôǲԣûаͷ
Ȼ뱨ΪʲôҪô˵أҪʳˣʱȵĸסֱ֣˼£ë繡
ǵģ˵ѡ仰Ǵ˵ģù
Ҳã벻Ҳգûʲôϵ


69 
սĳ, 纣¥ǿջЦӦԶƵĥӲ
ʦ֣һܼȣǻôһ˿, Ҫŷ纣¥ĴȲ, ʹһƸɽɣ
Ҳ纣¥ŬԼӴӶﳶ, Ȼճֱקסˣֶʦк, ˽ԴƸɽʦ, á
ʲôòõģҲŲҪĵط
ʦá纣¥ʵͦһѵģһ뵽Ǹг, ԼּＸ˪Ӱˡ⼸Ҳ˷, ˵ҶѾصг, ˲Ĺ
ʱˮ벻ĿҶˣӣһҲҪΪˣ˭֪ĵΪ˷, ϵ˺۶κ, Ҳ档
Ȼţͼѣһи, ֮һּҵļԪӤΪȻ, Ҷ۵Ĺѻָ½ٶԾ֮ǰˮ׼
дĸҲ
ƵĸԭսĶһϢͱ̻гǣƾܾ޹ֻ˻͵ҷ纣¥æ
ֻǳͨʿ壬Ƿ纣¥ѰڴɶгǴ壬гڧʻĽڹϣвأһھͻᱻ˻ˮԷ纣¥
˽֮ʱȻиӳ˽֣̿һŽ˷纣¥ʦ֣Ҹոſڷţ桢˵
û˵꣬ͷ󺹣纣¥״æȡԼһƳͿݣһʧô
ʲô£ƺشȥܿҲɫ䷢һҼǵ뿪ǳӺͰ򣿡
˵սĳǵƸɽĴ˰иĶǰջƸɽĵʵϱ˱𴦡
纣¥˶ģȷԸǵЯ˰ȥ䱦𿴻Ǵ䱦ʿȥĻӦúܿܲ˭ֽš
ŻƸɽ¸֪еļλ
ôһҲ˲϶ˣͳźžʹ㼴̻гǡ
纣¥֪Ѿ뿪֮ɽֻʦڣô֮𣬱뾡ȥѰλʦξȳˡ
ʦãǸҵȻȥ㰲ĸŸ֣ǲΪѵġ˵վҪȥȴסˣʦã
¹ؽҪݵ󣬶ٺǺҲҪƢġ
ƿĲæ͵ʦֱᡣֻ˵սĳǺƸɽ·;ңԶڴֻˣȥ֪Ҫòܵ
Σ
а취ǲʮ͸ϻƸɽ
纣¥ɻشز˹ؼǣ
ǰôҡ̹Ȼ
ʱɫƥһܾɵݣʻսĳǡ
ͬʱս֮⣬ɽҲ
ȻαյԵʣǱȽϻ谵ӡ
Ѱɽ˼֣һӱ֪룬ʹȥѰ·뿪ɽȡ
߶ֻʵԶ֮ǰм䣬Ѱͷ
ĵκܹ֣ǱʲôøͷҿһͨгƬʯ֣ҲйСѹȡض֮ȱȽǣԹһ㡣
չ߱ҹ̫࣬Ա򣬳ѰֻܾԶ붴Ѩķߣһ·һ·¼Ǻš
ĵûоͷƵģȻûųԶˣ춼ûƳɽȣֱһɽͷǰռЩɽӰʼԶ
˵ǳ·Ѱ
˼ӿ˲ٿЩѰƳиͷȴ;µļǺţʱ
ҲˣָǼͷףǺźͳʦ֮ǰĺ񡣡
һ˵ͽҲˣ˼־衣
Ī򣿡յѰ˵ͷǶ⣬Լ淽ʱҲСģΨֱȥ˱𴦡
֮½˼ͷѰ֮ˣԭȥһɽǰѰͽղԼͬһ
ֻһСͨɽڣǲĶѨô
ѰǶڣ̧ͷȥһɲĶΣŵô˻
ǼǺʱΪ˲ڰУͼԼǺǵķû뵽ǼǺֿµġ
ҹǶ˸Ȧӻصԭ
¡ջʯ¶ݣ󡣡
֮죬ǡҪǳѰͽա˸ְ취ͼȥ
ЯСʹ󣬽ָá
֮Ѱ˽磬ĵҩܲܳΣֻһ첻ɢˣֻصϡ
ϲ㶾ͬһ֣һֱ϶ͷеսĳǵĳǽֻǳǽоͷĶȴ޾УֻܿããһƬԱʶںδ
ɽҲʼձֱϣʼռɽ
ִ֮㴳һ󣬳ѰԸԭصȺͽڶѨǰֱ𳯲ͬȥÿͻ¼ǺţߵøΨƫ˷򣬵ʮ֮һǰһ˻
ʵмͳҲ뿪һˣȴģ˵̽̽ʵһȥǳΣӦ͸ȥˡ
һ·ΣʱƾչЩʲô򰲾ظ棬ڤ˼ЩʲôͲȥţûлʲô·ӡǣһǰ˻
Ѱڣû뵽ʵ뿪ֻˡһȴģһΣҪ뿪ܼ߳ȥﻹסˡ
а취𣡡Ѱ鼫һĮĵģŭͷ𣬺ǳһڵ˴ûִеĵ
ȴЦҿû˵ҪִУֻҪѰŵС
Ѱɽʱûţֻ֪óݣ˵ɫ˿ͣǳ״ӣһֱ޽Ϊʶ϶ʱ˵֪ôŵݵԡ
Ȼڵʦ洫
ɽѧһ꣬ԽģǶԷ֮ȤѰڳԣ˰ͣ洫ֲƾ죬һε򣬾ô˵ģʱûģ«˵ˡ
һѰɻ糣ڳѣ˵ҪѰŵ
гƷλԼȻ̺ϢϢأҪŪ⸽ģԻҪͷʦͽһˡһ־ֱѰͽУ̶οҪЩط֮ǰֻǰһᴦᷢöλסǴΪģʮɷԲĵƣλұܳԽɽȻͼУѰƽ֮
Ѱеĳƣвŷ֮⣬ʱȴ̵ѣһҲ޷˵ײֱѰ·ˡ
ԲѰĵ䲻֪ͽǷĵʦ洫µҲûӣ֮ԣҽˡ
һͷ뿪ˣճЦЦҪСģ֮˸򣬲ʱԶˡ
һԭΪ˽Ӧܱ˴ĵӣλԪӤʿгΪǳΪʦչÿζ£⼸Ҳûʲôȥ鿴ƣ˵Щƽ󷨣򣺡ҪҲȥ𣿡
ȴ˰˵ûҪ֮ڵϻʮλ
ĥǾ䡰ûҪ˼ɵʦֺͽбҪ䣬ͼӵǵȻбҪġ
ڱָԼʲôһ
˱ӡ
ôշ֣ôһ˵̧֪֣طӦֶʱסˡ
һ㽲Ĳ滰ЩԥԺͿ϶ʦʵҪһˡ
ÿʱȥӣǶ类ץʱԼľܷ
Ϊʲôǰûע⵽
ǻͷ촽Ծºһޡ
˺һſڣΪʲôҪô
䣬ĵ̾һԺ͵ɤУʦܶҴӵۣҾͲͶұһ𣿡
Ͷұ˼ʶ֮Ĭ
˼ڱѰ֮ǰɷ˵£һóѰȷԣоƭ֮ͬ٣ҽտ޹ġ
мϸ߲һšһţ塣
ʦֲԡҲӦãУ仰
ҪΣѵ˵ҵǸ𣿡Щ䡣
֣˵һҡסʶУԼϲоǾ˵ģѰǸ𣿳벻֪Ȼ£ɣֲôȷˡ
ɻŨ̾һ̧ͷ˫ǳӲ֪ʱڸǰԼ˼Уû
¡˵Ҳ¡
֮һ󳤾õĳĬ
֪˶ã봹ȳʦֻһ˵
áϸֳűЦ֮סֽöʯУҲɡ
˵ͷһڵͼԼĪŵһʱͻȻӣɤٶȴ
ʵҲȫȻûҪһߵʱЩطû塣
ܿץסؼʱ֪ˣ
˸š
Ϊʲôʱ˵
Цʱ˵ˣʦ˳ɻҺ˵˵ء
Ҳġ
úúãʱʦǷŭҪѵңʦɵð˼ҡ
롰šһʱɫһٽβ̧ͷͷĶΣɻһЩ
ҲϷȥȻ
ǶοʱôƲˡ
Ϊѹ˲١


70 
Ƹɽһ, ̫ҹ㳡, Ρ, ϡپ彡, һһԷɣʱһ, һ߷ǻɽһ, ϵ֡һ֮δܼ̳лɽ󴫳УȻضڻɽģԿϸ, ݰ覴û
ڡ֮£ϸ鿴, ̽ʱвɵ˼ɽ, Ѳ꣬δܿơ
ɽƸɽ󷨵ܳƣﴦÿһޱȣһ, һ, ܸ֪ǱȻһƸɽĴУܽͬ, ûѰǸеĴڡϵ֣ĵŹΪԪҲ, Ҳ֪ǲʲôϵ
ʱԶشһɧһ̽һ˫̫ҹ㳡ɳ۶
δɽţǱеӣгǵݣ⵽ô£
һӣɳһԲʱ㳡Ͽգһ
ʦ
ɫӰֱԾǰվҾȴǷ纣¥滹һŮϳŮǶƣжʱɻ뿪սǰƵĸ˫˫ãʱƴؼУ˼гǵľƣӦˡ
ôѵԼͽܵģ͵˶ҵݣ
ǿд
¥Բ󣬰ָʵô£
纣¥ļǣûʲô˼һŵݹȥСʦͳʦôں֮ɽټķʦء
ʲôݹ˲ϼƽ϶Ƶˣæȡţϸϸ˼飬粻˼Ƭ̱ʵʲôʱõŵģ
Сʦ뿪ϡ
ʣսģûʲôϢ
纣¥룬̵ǰʦ˵Щ˵Сʦ岻ԳʦŻڴ޺ú̶˵¶Ȼ飬ĪЩϢųģСʦ御춯
쳣ԽԽӣǰƸɽĶǰȥطҲƱػӰ죬Ƴһߣʱ˵Ѿ¶ˡ
ݵ²ʣϽȥˣ̫ʦ̫ʦ壬һģӦöɽ
纣¥뿪Ƴƣ£ʦǵΪ˾ϻʦģĪҪֶʦãȳСʦǺ󣬵Իȥ췣
ãºһһȥгǡݵ˵ͷ̶ЦһΪƸɽʱһ󡣡
֪һδƽһ
УѰͽջʱѹȥʮ죬ǶֽЩȣѵʮɡһ˼Ѱ˵ᴦ޲붾εɽ壬˶ûע⵽㡣
ָָͷһ˵˾Ǵ󾪡
ѰϣδͣסЩǲǳ뿴ˣȻֹ̽Ȼˣϲɵö˼Ȼ
ʱ뽫֮ǰڲƭ֮¸˳ѰѰΪʲôҪ£ʱŭһӿ
ͷˣ˭йЩС£߳𣬵߶ϳƽӣͷһ㱡
֮ʣСʦȴ޶ԣǲ޾壬ǲ֪Ϊʲôأ
ŮӤӤûʲô
ʱҩҩģһˣǳʲôҪ£ȥȴиŮӤֲֹԭظհŮӤȥҹºʦˣݵչϵʱǼʦʦΧŮӤһ޴ģǶ꣬ﶼ޵Ҫ֪չӤ䣬˷ճӤδ̣óȻʩܻ˺Ѱɽʱڷҽݾа취Ű˹һӤǲˡ
Ѱһ̲סЦˣǲˣǶˡȥЩŮӤι£ܿͲˣȻڵ۾ǰȥЦˡ
ʱػû֮ټ棬Ѿ츳Ľ޳룬ûаζ
˵СʦΪǧţʱձ޵ʱػŵصȻҪϡ
ѵһҪ
ѰϺȻ¶ƣ˰̾Ժ˵ɣ֮Ǵȥ
ѹ£ǲڴĥ̫á
˵ξһǳⶼûУֻؿһۡ
ӣءŶһ漴ʼ⸽ĵϵͼС
һȻѰͳ벻һ󷨵˽ίʵֻ࣬«Щǳ󷨽磬һɽΪΧĴ󣬶һĪչʱֻһԿš
ʱѰо˾֮У洫ǽŽɣ죬˳ǧһ㣬ɵԸĹۡսʱδּײԳѷһֱǲѧ֮ͽۼı£֪Լǰ
֮ǰ纣¥̻ĵԭΪʦֶ˵ֻΪ˽Ϻã֮⣬ҲΪʦֶϧ֮š
ܹһĵ֮٣ŲŰ˳ɫʳɼһߣݺͷ纣¥Щ׽֮ʵ֮С
һԲߣԭעⶼϣȴͼˣϸϵͼЩѨֻУʵȻ֪ƣΪβֱʰУ
һ٣̧ͷ˽ռۣ֪뵽ʲôعǣǳЦӯӯˣɲڻͼָһʯ֣ʯǽֵİɣԴΪģΪһƬǳ̲ǸԲʮɵĵѨ
ջ£ͷǡ
ǽ֪һͼף漸ƺص˷λֻ㿴ģʵǳ̲ܲʯڶϡ
Ŷ˵
·֮ʱ⾰Ϊգ˵ɽʯľǳɽʯλãԽֱ·ĴԹӰʹ˿ǳλ÷ƫƣֱС
ʱ˾ƫ·ķӣʵľϡ
Ƭ̣˼ȷ
ֵԽΪʵһﶾ£λʱɱܵòӰ죬ЩʯλҲһɲġ
Բ߼Σᱻԭ
⵹Ǻͷо֮Щơ뵽ʲôרעع۲ͼ
ܽķ˶ΪʿĽŹ£ȴ⣬Ƿ֮ƹ˳ǡԭҲͷ֮һƽƽȻһ֮ԻΪʿΪʱżȻ±аɽҡ
ҲǷǷ콫ΪӡʱѱѡΪ˳γ֮ϰо֮ǰ˳뷲սȫհָ֮Ϻ֮ĳǳزҴ񡣶˳ҲΪصһУһΪˣһΪʿδ˻ɣڷһֱĻ˳еķ˲֪궼ûҲ֪ǳһĹ½룬Ҳûʲʲô¶ˡ
бзλҲнԽȻûרϰĲ֮ȴһĦһͼףԼŵ
ɫͼߣ֮ϱ仯ڳѰеı仯򣬱ʵСĪѰۣ
û
˵Ƴ¶֮ɫ͵൱ϰٸ󹹳ɣǧԹЩԹһԹָָէԵµƬʯ֣л;֮УܴһֻᾭطôΧҼǵñ֮Ϊ󣬶˴󣬱ضһ򼸴ۡ
ӳĴַͨʽһ˴ͳͳΪƽأԶ۵һѰڣŹ߳󷨣һƻۣʹʧЧ
žİţϲûκĹȻбȻһ·ͨ⣬Ǳţе㹻ߣܸƶϳ
νۣ󷨵СһЩ󷨿ʯֲλܳ󣬵סǵ󷨾ݵϰǿ֮ѹ󷨵ĳһ߼ά󷨡ѹ۵ĿķҲǴʯǵʿ˵ˮߵ۾ЩܶǳͼŲʯסǵռϰȻۡ
ԪӤʿǿг󷨽ǳ˵ΡУѿȫò˭֪ȵж󣬳ѰͽѰֻ֮һְˣҪԴݳ̫ѡ
Ȼ󷨵ǹ̶ģͨһֵòҲпѰٿصڡ
Ψһпܰ뿪ķӡ
ɽۣ֮鸺ָܣϹº͵Ц۵ȴһƬƾ
ʱһ֣սսһö򣺡š
ӹ򣬻˻֡
¼״뿪ȴ麰סˣվס
赭д֣һвؾɱ֮Դҳ
Ϣųȥ𣿡ʵ
æͷѾԸúˡ
߰ɡ
⼸֣¶ʱظҲƵ뿪ˡ
ҶϪĴ̧־ͽ׽ǰԨС
ϵ΢Цʧˣ֮Ť
֮£ͷϱһ㺹״ȥãȻûüʲôͼɫǧӫɢ
ӻ˼²ǿסЦС
ʣʲôУ
ʦ߷ʦͺðˡüǿգлЩɥҲۡ
һʱ¾ԺԹƵֹΪǲá
Ѱʧ̾һ֪Ǻ֮ʱ˽̽ѰĿ
ˡͻ֪СѿԸ֪Ѱ֮


71 
մһ, Ѱı̱˱, ɵҲ֮ͨ
Ҳ, ʲһĦ, 뷲ͬںѧһƤë, ˵ɳóս͵, ĩֱǸЦЦ漰ڻܣǾ͵û˵ɡ
ΪڳѰͳ֮, ԶҲ߳٣ոĳʱ, , Ѱ˵ΪԵʣԱԼԡ
˿룬ֿ˿Ѱʦʦ, ҲСһ䣺ʵҲûʲô, ͼΪУֻˡ
Ѱ˵˱Żܣй¶, ֻֽڴˣǶҪ䵽, ֻһҲͰˣСʦü縺ŵصҪѰӳȥ
Ӧ㵫˵޷ºһʦ֣вأһеǡ
лʦЦл뽭սҪּ
仯֮ӣ󣬿ýҲ磬ֻһ֮콫ʱŵȥ̽Ѱаء
Ȼ˲ᣬνձתԶ˿˿ϸߣǧ⣬̾ռÿһ䡣
״˹ǣһ˿Ц˲Ϣ
Ƴ򣬺ȻʣҲ𣿡
֮ǰʱһֱûڣֻš
ǰһ˼򽣵˽棬˵һƵ£ҪһסҲӣ۽Ҫ֮£úҲ廰ǣһֱտڲԣʱⰲּ¶ɢģʳʡ
ӡУȻܲУ漰ʱûô̹ԡһβҲ뷨Σֱŵ
ƳһۣüëͷƵЦ±ѰƵģСʦҲҿ̫ˡ
ڣһŵͼкüγһ߼ûսĳɽء
ָǴɽأʵǴ˴
Ӧû뿪սĺһ·;в˼˵¬Ҫ̽鱨
˵½纣¥廰˴;Գ١
¬Ϣֶջ̻̣мˣ˲Ϣһۣ˵ʦֺСʦñڶУеĶ࣬˵ҪǸһѵ˾ľ
˾ʲôҶ֪֪ǰ·ȴ޷ѡ
ϸһ˿ֿ̣۵ͼܿ
ȻǶֻһˡ
ɫ֪һһҹȥˣջʩ
ͼϵѱ仯˳ǧΣδѰκֻǹȥôδ¶ƣ̬Լе͸־ڱصõĸо
ΪǺð̾ǻö˻Σƺͬ˵
֮ǰȵģг˸־ƮͶ΢ĻûɵСЩ㲻ʱ任ŷλǽǳһ㡣
棬Զ˺ܾãʲôȴ򻺻Ѱȥ·ʵҸ棬ΪʲôҪô
ΪʲôҪô
ʶҡҡͷԺ㰵Ѱ˼
ѰĻɻʲôΪʲô
ָָͷҪǵֱӰǴⶾоͿˣȴûУʱǹĿ࣬ڳʦʦΪ˵Ӧò
ûѰˣһʱ޷жˡ
ֻסǣⶾȴһѹ£ǳҪǵһָĵĻ˲ʱʧǸôĵ𣿡
Ϊ󻼣ˮ
һҲú֡üˮ֮µʦ֣ҪѰҲöʦ
˲˾ǵС֪ȫֻҮվλã޵Ӧݲǡ
ݴ֣Ҷͱҵˣﻹкô¡
ǡѰ¶ɫ˾֪ʦȥ˺֮ɽ
ȴֻ֪ʦȥ˺֮ɽ
֮ǣȥ˺֮ɽǧȷǲ˺֮ɽͲö֪ˡ
ЦЦʦԶ󷨣ⶾΣɲ˵ǲЩЩ˾Ҫûˡ𡣡
Ϊ壬ӡ
ˣѰ̾һĻһʱ᲻֮ˡ
üͷһ֪أȴպһ̧֣Ӧ
Ļɢšһûָĵطһӡǡ
ѰʣǺδ
ȴԥһ²ſڵɽ
Ҳչȥãͷȷɽ
ɽѰ˼ⶴвûʲôķ
УǵΪһһͲˡ
Ĭ˿˼ܿ¶Ȼı飬͸¶ϲˣ̶ͨĴҪά֣ȻǿķǴűֽţͻȻ֮Ȼ󷨣ԴõӦ۵ֵߣΪÿζƻش˴֮˺뵽ڣЩΪȥ𴦺ƻһͨҲΣ󷨡
֮˿ǵĵǼˡ
ΪʲôûоѰǽŽɡ
Ӧʩ۷ɡյѰ˵ͷһУ㶼뵢顣
ȴסǣɽɴúܣʩһȥҲһҳǷɡ
Сѿʲô취
üһĨ֮ɫһţųЦʦѰ۵Ĺؼء
뱾̸תԼϣʱһʲôؼ
ϵ費ɣΪҲѰͽգ˶Ҳڣҵõ
ָָϵĴ䣺ʦ㴢ңǲи̡
ȥ̽һһͷ浱и̡̯֣Сɵĵݸʵ𣿡
ûӹ̣渧һȦ϶ʱһ⸡ƵҡڣƵķˮ̣Ѱڡ
䱦ѰƵļ侫ɣܸ֪Ҳǳ׼ȷֻǷΧС䱦ɢѰɽҰѰȻɲóǸضĻ䷶ΧͺܴҪ̶ҵˮ̲ģ˭ֽ
̽Ѱͷʦˡ
֮ٶۻǶѨУߵһʯߣ£кʯͷ֣þòš
ձЦˣСѺ¡
ʯͷǰձնϵ֮һʱһ˿ܹģʱһ
ʲô˸
͵սū\ûóȻ֣Ǿػܣɻʲôû֡
ôˣע⵽ɫʱʵޱ飬ˣܿ
ܾáɵ˲ڰС
ô²鿴
ȴֻ¿˿ߵţЦʲôˣôˣ¶棬Ҳûʲôµġ
о͸ϴĪôǰߵԶ
Ҳǡ˵ͷ
ʱԶƮѰؾϲ
ϹȥԭֻһƵʱȴ棬һյĵơ
ɽдʯѣǵطȴտʮʯûС
Ѱȡ޳˼ھ˵Ǵ棬ܿ죬ٶȸֳɻֻͨѡ
ȴ̧ͷϿȥȻ˳ʦΣĳɹͺá
á
δ䣬бܳһ׹⣬ֱϷȥǽ磬ɽţһ죬ʲô
ȴǳȥĽ
ԭ档Ѱһ㣬ɽȥ
ĳɹһ˵пɽ֮ƣʮɰĶ⣬񾹱䣬ز󷨡
Ҳȥʲô壬ʦҲȥɡ
ȻǴһεϣ֪߳⾭Ҳѷ֡
Ѱ˱ܿһЩ޳ǴҲԼıȴһ֧ʣӱʻһͼ˳ȥͼ뿪ʼͻһֻϡ
˭Ͼ˿ֻٶʩһʼ֮󽥽ȫȻδϰ֡
ҲУֻȻá
Ϊ˼ߡ
ɶ񣡡Ѱصؽ޳򶴶һƬʯȻǴûκα仯
Щ֧ƱδȬһʱһỹУʩܿͺľ˾ձʵҲ
ǺáʧԱ
ǱڴʮգѾްиòײѰڣȴͷβʧ
ѵҪڴ˵ôɵһĻ䣬䵽˳ϣкӿһɳ嶯Ҫ֡
ֻܿջͷ
Ǵϣ鵭Į
ǺԼ޹ϵƵģǱ˵Լģ˫
Ǿ֮ϵѩҲһطӡԳЦЦʱų½ǽȻ˵˼仰
üëšһ£ڵзɿӹʲô
ûɫȷʵˡ
ϲҲãŭҲա
Ҳһɲġ


72 
ɽ֮, ֮, ȶ, ϥƽһѿʵ޻
ӾǼǧ, ʶƵĲӰԾĶ, 뿪֮ɽ⴦ߵز
ǰҲûʲô, ;˳ʱģʱ룺һѷƽѵ
ɽްֲ, ⽫ɽʯͷụ̀ʱ, ·ʱҪܳ, ˸£ʿҲԷ巽Ӧԡǧȴûʩκλ巨ˣϢƽ, ͷһκûС
̫һһƫ, Ӱ֮ƶ˾ƵģƱˡ
չ, һ㰵ɫڼߴӹɽߣҲԶ¡, ɽʶ̽ҲֻܿһССĺڵ㡣һ˲ֻӰһΣµӰǧȻִ̱㻯һŽ⡣
ѣһʱӯ࣬ʱɽ
գۼѹٽɽͷ£ĽУʱʯΪмʱȻһʯӼ뽣ȴֺһ٣ȻԾеĽһ˲侹ǹͷա
ǿʯӾǱ˺УϢȥǧջؽԨӽյǺ¡
ĻһźɫűߣһֻѻȴͷһػɫëͨڣǷԸߴӹǵ㰵ɫʱѾȥ
ѻΪѻľԣٶȼ첻ɽ񣬲׽ѡŲһֻѻͷ˺ʤ֮ģνʩСʱ˫㲻뿪ɽÿһǡôסֻѻȥ·ֻͷЩԨöʯӴҽƣ鼱ֱ֮ʹĽһоƣʯӵͬʱҲѻһ
ӽ
ŵĮɤ¸֣ǧԨӵĮɫϿһ˿ȻȸԾѣڴɽ꽣񲻹࣬Ȼµľ硣
ǰǽӰͣ˵ӦøлԨӸһᡣ֪ӽǰкҪ£
æ
ʲôæĪǺͷ̨йأ
̨ҪʯԨӲŻ뵽Щʵǿں
⵹ǡԨƳǰѽδȫû֣ص뼧ӰȥԽ
Խǧв⣬ʲô
Ī֮룬̾ʹͷ֮ĽӰ״ݻٽɵԳʲô
ȷ˵ԵĲǽԨתȥɽϵĸƣԼȾеϢ
ˡ
Ƹɽǰһ뿪
ǰɽĵӴ󲿷ǽΪ󲻹ȴǺ־ɳĵӣЩԪӤΪĸ֣һµ˰ԪӤʿ纣¥ˣ¬һչ
鱨ӦǱ̨콫ɽȥϽ磬ԭĵطֻʣһƬƽ̹ĸߵأҲ̨﹵ֱ鲼ƹ棬Ϲʱַδսصĵνӣ˵ʺϲˡ
ֻһˣʵôˣ黹붯ɭ޵㲻Ҵ⡣ϢҲȷ˱֮زԡ
Ϊ˵ɭ޵ڵıɽͲ̨С
⵹ҲܽĲɻ֪ı£֪ܲó㹻סԪӤʿ󣬲֮ܿɭ޵ôû֪ɭ޵λã󷨽໤
ûкɭ޵˽ֻ֣ԼԲܵġ
ͬǰľȥѰأ֮ԭԽӣӽ̳̫˵ȥݾ褣һƮ˭֪ݼ·ѰӹѰġ
ġдĵطǣһȻ޷ǽֻȥƴҲʮܵȻ죬һҲ޷ôһ
߲֪ϸҲóȻȴԼһ˹ȥ
ԷлΪİ֣ôȥͶ
纣¥עʱݷãī㡣
˼Ƭ̣Ƭ̣ȥī㡣
ҪԶУīǶǰģĽ
ȷд⣬֪īǰԶкҪ£
Щ֪ī̾һǷʵȴ¶ۣԼᡣ
һ볤뱻֮йأֻīƻ֪£δἰɫǰ˵
īǶĵӣ洫ǰ֮ɽţûɽҰȥսĳǽīɽ;춯ǰĿȻԶˮ룬ȴԪӤϵĴ
״͵͵ǰȥ֪̽ԭͼһڲ
˵˴¶ʹࣺ޵ĹƣЩʿȴţһ֮ɽйء
ɵѵԨӣ
īȴҡҡͷԨ⣬Ҳˡ
֮ɽݾܾԨӺ˵а⣬Ҳںµվ˲ͬ˻⡣
벻ͨлɽڣǾ˶ҲѻʯȻܿ뵽Լ뿪Ƹɽ¡
Īǡ
ݿЦ
²
ռյ˵ʲô󣬳ϳ˼ϸ΢пվǺͬˡ
֪˵ʲôҪٸпһӲǳӡ
ʦзֻܻۣ˵ʦһҵģһǲҪ˵˰ɡ
仰ˣ²ƿڴҲҪŭĿӡ
βƽ˱޲ߣ˵ֻʱ
Ƣһ˵ֱӶˡ
ɳֻǺܿһü漴ָ˵Ȼ˼
Ĳ˵ǾͲ˵һģѲƵ֪֪ͨʱӦӳΪأ룺ıʦҪͺˡ˵ҽгʦֱ㡣
ڳѰȰǲǾĲˣûȥˡ
ƺû뵽ôͻشѿڵ棿
档
ıϣЦЦȥ˳ѰʦҸ뵽иƻۣҪһ
Ѱ̵˵
֪վ˵һֵʱ䶼˷ѡ
ӴȡʲôҡƵĻ˻Ρ
һƳǴҶǵö
ʱһöȡһöʣµĶ˳룬ȥˮǰǽ˴䣬һֱûлöһֱǡʱһ㲻⣬ôˣȡ⼸ö£ȻĵԶǼ˵Ĺö˵Ƶۡ
ֻЩףΪᵣıѰһ˲Ѱ𾪵Ļ
ֻлʿ̳ܿһʮʿлͨģ亱ɼһߡһȻλϣŷϸ޳ɵӽֻʱŻصһöγѰҪֻǾɴƸɽȻûеġ
ʿһӶûĴڣȴһóö
ûʲôԲʲôɳѰ֪⻯ĹأǾԲܵõģͻǲʲô˵¡裬һʱ۶˲ˣһȽ׷ס
ǷǳԾֻΪϳгǵ֮ǰֻ˵ҮΪͳ˾ףҶΪϢЩȴû뵽Ȼö
̾ҶǺܿλݽʶ˴ӶгǵҶۣΪѣ֪λҶʵˡ
ҶۺҮ͵͵һ۳룬˼󣬾;ɥջĿ⡣
֮ǰҶЩᣬùⲻȥԸʦЩƳ۳룬˽͵
Ѱʱɫһĵᣬ˹صҲδ̫ˡûҪôѵ򣬾ҶҪġ
ʱΣ˵ò׼ȷǵõʱҶһʼֻһƸ̫࣬٣ҶֻһѱģʵģԼʦ⣬Ǳôһ䡣
ϵЦݶʱһԭȥԼҪĲ̸ֲѰ䲻֪أʱһûˣ˭ϳ뽫˵ôףͲ׺Ūȥˡ
Ƴı飬뵽֮ǰĵģֵʦֱ
˵һѰˡ
ô£һ䣬һ½ұڻ
ӣС˵ᡭ
ʲôᣡ
ȴǴӦҶ˵ȥ
ѾȫӴĦܻشס
㳤·ʽѴиı䣬վ¶ģʲôίʲôɫһŲ֪ǸڻϽͣ뻹ҪʸΪʲô
㡢ǣѰɫѾڵòٺڣҲҪ
ʵҲһͷˮѰɫæԲڳǰЦ̵ѣʱ֮Ҷ˵ȷᡣ
ɷ˵ʲôʱҶͼϡͿѳʦͽ˽Ծ˵ȥ޹Ǳܣ˵ΪڸҶĳǵİΣԲŻơ
һߣ˵һһۣѰһ롣
ĩֵҪۣģ뿪Ҳ١
˵ǡѰ˵ֺݺݵ˳һۣǵгײҶ֮
롰šһӦ˺ԹƳ˳һۣȻȥֽöϡ
Ǽ򵥵ؽöһ𣬶ǽһŶУЧʱԾУ޶ȷö
úúҾãԶЩ
ԪӤʿܳܵġ
Ѱͽ飬ϲ°̺Чķ뿪ǶѨ⣬˷ֱſ磬㣬ٳ
źúûãǾͼɽ˻Σ춯صĺĽ˲䱻飬ڶάţͷĶˮƵģźȻ£ڶڻԺǱӿˮɽΪģһһɢͶ쵵ɫʣֻһ۾ҪͷĿѣɢεͬʱҳŵ磬ֻý¶϶¡¡죬ضҪ˺Ƶġ
ۿһطҲ᧿Σذ
̳ɢ䣬ԶɽӰ
ˡ
ǲŷһϿУǱֱ£мƽϾι״ʯͷ۱ƺЩʯͷʱͨٲǰǰ档
ǸҺ档Ѱ˵һֳַһ巨¶ȥ
صޣԷɵò죬¶ʱûʲôԷġ
ո󣬱࣬ؼպֻˣ̲ס̧۶ۣƳһչһٶȥȴʲôûС
ǡ
ĸоʱϯȫ
ģʧе
ͬʱѰǰķӡǧƬǰ޳ǰϢرȥһء


73 
һ, һŷޱȵ
ϵ, , Ӧˡ
һǸŮˣ
֪ᷢʲô, ȡһ㣬ɳȥ, ȴ, ˡ
ѰȻѱ֮ײ֩ķɶ, һ˲Ҫݺύʺ·
ʱ, ʵ¹ճƵĻԹ, һӳͬʱȴǳѰǰָȻͬķ
ֻҷӰһһ, ɫӰǴԳ, Ůϴһ˿ţžͼЦָһ, Ľƶʱƫһƫ
ɫ۱Ůûܰ, ǱһţԶԸѰɢƬ̣ȻϾٶȳУѰץסӵԶ
ɫ԰ףЩ£ּϣδվȾͽֻʣصķǻŮȥ𹥻ǰع̾ͱڣպͳҲһŮˡ
ƽŮΧסһƬ½ƶضû£ۿҪʱȴһʧˡ
ʶ˿Ѱķͽյķӡײһ𣬺һըķѣЩƬת۾ͻ˻ҽ
ʲôѰǴȻ𾪲ͱȡ
ʧˣǱޱ޼ʵĺڰͷ£۾ںڰǰΧЩƺУΣȴǰ߸
Ѱʲôûüؿһ䣬ͷǰѪɫһ㣬ȻǵѸһƬţѪ𣬽ƬҰȾ졣ˣǽգִֻѪش¡
ԶûκѵĻᣬӿ˹ȥٽ񵲣ȴһ˽
ڰ˺һӣЩ۾һʧ٣ֻһŻǵʱͱ紵ɢ
һɤ𣺡컯֮£Ķɨ˰
ֶһˣǸģͨŮˣͨɫȹˣȥмһܼʮٸ
ƺһʼˣǰ˭ûʶĴڡ
Ů˿һһֱûʲôŤ޺޵㡣
ģͨŮ̵Ұ
ѰؿڵˣֻʧҪվסշ״æסָιЩҩЩƺãѰϢ΢һ̽ԪӤʴɵðû뵽аԼǽң˵ֱֻۣҲһ³
ʦôˣʵ
Ҫش𣬾ǵ˺ŲߣʲôȻһϳѰĺ󱳣Ѱۡһ³һǵȥ鿴ƣһӺ࣬ԪӤûҪɢļ
лǰл
ǰǻŮͻȻЦ˵ĻסʱͶˣʦ㡣
ǻŮ˵ʦ㣬ͬΪɭ޵ˡ
ɫװŮϵֳͷ֮⣬˰ֵʲôģҾеѡ
ǾͲҪ˰ɡŮĶʱһĨɫһ䵶һ̣٣ŰɱƬնһ
һüһ䣺鷳ˡܲԸգۼӭƬ⣬д磬֮Ŀࡣʹ˴֣Ϣϡޣ·ʱʧ
ɲǼ䣬˵Ӱ͵ǧ֮⣬֮һƬذ
ĿԶȥĵ˵ɭ޵Ĺڰ޷ӣʹǻŮԸԪӤʿҹҲ֪ǺεȿɲʵͷһתĪǾǵվҵˣ
ʱøˣҲӦǻŮӵʦ㣬Ӧ˱
ΪҪ٣ΪһҪȵǶΣʱų֣ҿƺԸʦΪС
ͷǻʱѰ˵ټҲ޴֤Ѱ񲻼ãԳ˵뿪ɡ
Ÿ˵꣬ƽܿ죬һƺƵ֣Ϊ顣
Цһ˵СùôھͲˡ
ɨһۣϸֳ֮ɫԸҵץס
˵ԪӤʿȻֻʿϰ٣ԲʵСܿͽΧס
Ѱ˼Է˶ڣʹ򽣾һʤ㣬ܻ˵ʦ֡
׻ѣأƵǵҲһնɱԲǧһҴ档ɱ¾֣Ȼ˵ߵһ̶ȱ򵽡ءȻ˴˵λɣûﵽ˾硣ľ绹δأ޷ȫӦսʱۼսֽɣٴһģһĳУȻʦЩɺã
Ťͷ˫Цǳ̵á
˵žֵסģɹȥ
˫ͬʱӡʮöתЩʿƣһ㶣ָֻܿ׺ƣת˲䣬ǰͷѳ齣
סȴס
һʹ߰ɡ˵ػ·ӡһƲ
ʱ淢ҫ۵Ĺâ·ͷϵǴһ㣬ЩʿжʱֻʣһƬİ׹⣬ȵ¶ȣΪԵ͵ıεüʣ鶼̲סۣʶʩȥЩ
ʿǷ׷еĹâȥʱһ°ԵʣҰʱڣֻæҳȥ
ڻָΧﻹаӰ
һһ֮ʣǲ˳ȥԶˡ
ֲţƬ̺͵һ˦䣬´³Ѫ
ҧгݵһȺ
һֱԻ˵ºҲάֲס˺ֻ·
Ӻ󣬳ͽշֱͳѰһ·ɳۣһ֮ŻѰƹ˺żǰ
ǲһɾǰ壬ǲʱͣ´̽۴һЩ˼ĻҰ֣Щط洦ʿǱǸǡţ˵ܽ䴫һã˭ϼĪ˵ɣɢ޶ûһҲЩûĵط
һһ󣬽պ̾Ҳ֪ʲôط
⸽ĵƺסƬߵص죬ƴƽ̹Ũܵɭ֣ɭ־ͷ׵Ĺ֣Ӹߴ¿һƬе֧ɫ񱻺ҿһͨƵġ
˵һתЦʳѰʦʶ㣬֪Ǻδ
æڸ·ûعϢѰľԲ̫ãǰһֱǻģû˵һ䣬ʣǿϸϸܣ˵̨
̨뵽ᵽɽʵɽʲôϵ
ѰżϼأԭɽޱأֱٺһɽȥϽ磬½ֻʣһƬߵأ˾ͽɽĳˡ̨
ΪĲֶȥϽ磬ϵα仯ԭľ֮ɢȥµĸߵвҲ˱𴦣̨Ȼɽȴû˻
Ƭɭ֣ȥ룺ǰʲôأ
Ѱ˵Ǳޣɱʲôģȴ벻ˣʶȥ򣬾öԷܻɫǷ䵽ʱһ
˫ǳԽƬɭ֣֪Զʲôûеģȴڿʲô
㡭ûҪ˵ʲôʶѿڵ
ͬʱǣ¶ǰɢϷʵ飬Ц˵̨ʿۼǣѵҪȥ𣿡
Ѱܣ
ӣȥǣȺ֮ǹ¡
̨Ԩϱڤƣ뿪ֻܼ
ʮգ뿪̨ûüͼǰһھȺ򣬾ǻŮˡ
ʦ㲻Ӱ֪Ǳɱ˻ôҲûлῪѯʣΪǻŮһǾͲɷ˵ɱ֡
ʱ˾䣺ˡ⻰ɵöǻŮ˼ۣͬص˵ͷ
ɫȷͦ˵ġ
Է񣬵Ӱ̻ӽܣһкֶԷ֮ǰ࣬յˣһߡ
һϣŮ˹ȻˣƲᣬٻغ϶·磬ԷƲԣ編ƽǳڰȴղһȣߣ
ŮУգ۾ͱˡ
겻ɢԹֻ֪Ǹʼ
ӻŮûײԷβ֪ʲô⣬ûóȻͻһֱ׷ᣬĵǵľɱ֡
ӭս˺üΣûԿȴҲ޷Էˡ
սʱüдʣȴ˵ʲôһֱʱڶ࣬Ҳȥϸʲôǰܻ᲻ֳϵܿ׵Ժһγ뻹Ƴһܳת˲ûƶˣٶ֮ûʲôһӦʲô֣ú󶼲Էʵǿ٣ôǴƫķ
Ƕ˺üȦӶû˦Щˣ˺üСʹ󣬵Էƺеط۱˺δʱ׷صҲֵ֪ôˡ
׾֮ʣطԶ¶ƬũɢֲŵͰķݣӦǴ䣬ٹȥһǳء
ȻǷ˵ؽ硣
һƣָȥǱһܡ
ѰҲͷд⡣
˷˵ؽ磬ЩʿͲ˴ġ
ڷ˵Ǵܻ䣬û˸ԸðգҲû˻ðգһ类ʿţطҲ֪վͻǰĨ
һǳǳظȥ˺ܿͷǵͼ̱˼ƣǰЩǰ̣Ƿ˷ƵĸϹ뽫ס
ȻǷ̫ˣͽվһˣҲ٣δЩʿ׷ϣѵ˽Ĵׯ
ǵĶһ̾ͻᱻ׷ϣһƳ˵Ӱ˵ء
ףҰвũڻӺسأһ̧ͷĨʱԶĸˣɻԴ˹弸˵ò󲻾¶֮̾ɫкʲôˣʲô
еĿŮòȷǷһ׵Ϣ봩Ŵֲ̺еũ˽ȻͬӵܣȻ﹡УũҲȻ
Ӧ죬ɿӻ;˵صˣﾹȻд䣬
ˣҲΰ𣿡ũǼۣɻ󲻼Ϊʲôû
ͨЩݵˣŻʹӣ㲻ʹӣܵҪϾǳü졣
ʲôȻǲ֪ũô˵ˣ˳˼˵ȥǰĽ˭·Ұ˽ٷˣΪܿЩ˲áŪ˵Ļſھ˵Żֳ̬Һ޾֮·תתҶ·
һ¹࣬ٷ˲ֻģֻũЩ֮ģɴһɶλ˲ٿ࣬ȥҼ
лһǸȥϣ֪ߣ
ʵһ֪ģֻΪ˲ũɰˡ
ũָһ·һֱȥͺѾˣǹҪҹˣûϵ𣿡
û£ǽų̿죬ӦøϵϣлЦЦʾ༸˿ˡ
ѰͽֱַлһأȻ˱һӶȥһ·϶˵ĵطߣߵú
ʱѾҹ
Ӳ󣬺ز࣬ķûʲôر
˵ʲôͬǾӸһĵطܿһӳǽðӦþũ˵
һܸߵúԶûбǽסںīҹɫһĽֱָƶˡ
ҪմһƵġ


74 
, Ϊ˵˶ĵطݱһ, ۼɫ, ڽһҲ, Ŀջסˡ
ԷһֱϤͬе, ճڷ, Ѱڷҽ˷˳򵹲޲ߡ
ȻЩֻҪǾͳʲôӡ
ջǽն, ˳ﷲ˺ʿӣﳣ걸Žֻһջ, ˵ǲ, ǹȥʱֻʣ䷿ˡ
ƹ˵Щ˶ΰݵģһ𽨵ģʱΪսռԣڸָ˵, ƽ̹, ͶΪһֱ˳, ԶҲ׷׸ϣմЩˡ¡֮ʱڣĿջΪ
ƹŮ˵պá
ʵһ͹, ʿҪ˯ֻҪиĵضϢɣֻ磬˷£ǽս䶼ͳѰһ䣬һ䡣
Ȼ˷򱻳Ѱ¶˼䡣
޷ڷ˵ؽСĽ򲻿ɱ¶֮ࡣ˵ʱͷѵ⣬ʲôʮӵһ
ڳѾϰˣѰͻȻɫ˵֣һһӦ˺ͻ˷
ѰѵⳤʱһֱڱϣܾóѰԳ̣֮ǰƣڱ֮ἰʱɿط̽ؿʵ̵ѣһһֱ֣֪ʲʡ
˵
ð̵ѱ֡ƵĹ˹֣ܾã̵ѺͳʦͬţӦͬ㣬֪ΪΣܾó̵Ѷƣ룬л᲻ʲôᡣ
᣿
ѰǰظֳһˮҡҡͷЩѳΪȥĻ棬ûǴЩ̫ʦ°ɣ
ᣬնʱ¶ɫʱͻˣǹڵĵؽ磬һȴΪôΪ
ЩȴԶ׼̻³Ѱ˵Ĳǡ
Ѱȴ룺һڵĵӣҲһ³
ŵӲҩʱ̨壬ǵŲãҲƢʱܴܲⷴɣΣǼѰǡþǵӿҪǱһѰ׹ǣѰȻӵ̫ãǺ麣޷أǵҲԵ޵
ԭҲǸʼѣǰ;ĺӡ
֪Ϣǵӵ޵ΪʲôҪȻҡ
޷ڳĴ󲿷˵˵ʧȥ˻ŵ塣
Ѱ֪ǵ˺ûãǰ鿴״Ǹ˵ĵӣʲôûʲôûһۣڶȥ̨һˣʱ£ǵӶκáʱѰȥ̨壬Ҳǽ£ֻԶԶƳһۣ˶ѡ
Ǽ±ѹȥͬҲû֪
ѰȴؼǵõʱңңԵ˫ƽˮĮúڴɽľʯ
԰̨ʹӲͬŵӡ١Ҫһѧϰһ˶أһΪõӴøΪóŵĵ֮֮ͬ꣬ȥ˲ͬҲ漸ꡣʱΪͬȹһʱܶԺļҪӡ̡ȴһʼסȥ̨壬ʯҩȡãһڵĹ˸顣
ѰӸң֪縺ŵΣԾ˴ŴˮƽûܹκκѰִ˺üΣ֮Ǽ·һԷֻ˵ֲó룬ȴ϶˵һ֡ȥչսĳǵĽУûعƸɽ˴λȥֻΪиʦΥ
֮ˣ˭ϲأ
ԳЦЦȴûнǶι˵ֻеŹ֣ƢֲãԲŻῴŹϵŰɣ뽭Ҫ֡
տԼÿ볤뵭Įйأ˵վöʣĬƬ̵̺ģһᾡͳ뿪˶٣Լڶ죬̲סֵӣǰһˡ
Ѱ뵽⼸쳤ı֣̾òˡ
ƿʱѾˡ
ʿ˵˯ͳԷһǿп޵ģˣҪǲ¾󣬼ȡһ˯
ǸڴϳӽסӰ룬ӡУȷֻһ˯ʿսĳУǲҹģ˾ɵϢΨ˾Ҫط˯
˯ʱʲô״̬أʱԼж޷Ϣֻܿ˯߻ָʱ
˺ڰУһ֪Ǹʱȴʱǰ䣬ůġ
˵˯ʵʿǲɣ롣
̲˯Ȼȥһ𣬶ǻ˻ӽù£Ȼȡʯʼ
ѷ㲼Ҳ۲ʲôŷ¼öʯ˵ͷͼԷ°ͳԼЦ
ʯʮ٣ʲôľ޴󷨣Щʯֻӣһʿɻ麣ĵطѷǾ㲼¾󣬼ȡҲֻʯеԪӤʿ˵öҲѷ֮ûʲôԭ
ǸΣʵ
ֻܵȿЦЦıϣ
ôΪʲôҪʣȥ¡
û࣬˶һ˿ëŰ̱ĵѧ̲סҪ޵ĳ̶ȣȴ⣬˳ֱıǽڲ֣Цͺˡ
ʲôˣ;һأԭˣһ˺þòſʵʲô
ѱ۾Ҫ˯ţʲźͷ̫Ӳˡ˵ջ˸Դ˼²Ű
˯ˣ
ͷڵеӳĲ
ŵаʱ򣬱ҲḻЦŭ¶ڱɴʱȴ˰·Ǹʲôſھһˡ
޷ס˴Ʒ˿˱ǰЩͷ£ûж÷ΪҪʡǵû뵽
ȫȻ¶û˿ĽëƵϢš
ͷָԸߵ¶̴Ǵָ⴫һֱ֪±Ѱ˸һЩϾֱܲʱȴǽȻͬĸо
ů
ǰǣ֣ɲ֪ΪΣڵĸоֺʱ̫һ·һһɴÿһҵһ㣬ÿһζȫµĸܡ
ʧʱԼ鿴۾ʱרעǰĺڰûйĶԷָ¶ȣʱȶȴƴδ뿪Ƶģ̲סȥ°ͣȷûʲôӡǡ
ʲôûУȴܸеʲôָ⻹£Էᴥĵطһδӡεģȴڣ͸Ƥֱĵס
ĵȼһػ档
֣ɻɫ۵һţȭסĿڣԾ˺ֱܴЩƲסŻӿÿһ
ҡ˶촽ȴ벻Ҫ˵ʲôԺģʲôԳϸȥȴǲŨصɫ
ʱͻȻü̧ƤƳ˳һۣģ֪ΪκطһЦ
ЦʲôʵȴûĻش𣬶Էֻǳסֱ֮ۡ
ŷոԼԾУٶȽָ˶Է䡣
ԭǳˡ
ǰ޴й˼ΪСѰ˸壬ƽ
ϵ󣬳ֻ̧̧־ѣȴûô
ƾ֣֮ǰÿһζҪãڶԷϣǰδеóãǳ
֪˶ãƿĿ⣬̧ͷɫʱӿС
ԲƵңȺǴӵɢ͵ĻԹ⣬µ¹˿֯͵ɴֺ̱һ£С
Ѿ˼꣬裬ָɽϣ궼һģһģȥϸǼ¡
Ͼ׷õʿ˵Բȱʲôأ
ڣȴ˼ԭѾˣʱ򣬻ȹ
ñΪĸ࣬ǵõҲԶԼΪøࡣ
һҹܿȥѰ麣ʱ
ۣԼ֪Ҳ˯ȥ
˯ÿɺã
ЦɤУͷѾˣȣջŽųЦ
šʵ벻֪˯úòʲôͬþ֮ǰЩӦþǻðɣļ򣬡ʦֺǹȥ
ƲƲ죬¶Ըı飬ǹԹڳȥ˳Ѱͽյķ䡣
Ӧ˵˴ʯָֻЧԣѰɫǺܲǽҼģǻŮ˵ʦ麣еһﻹᱧԹʲô
һ˾Ϳʼ뿪
δʱվͷų۳ɵֽȥ̽·ûиӣӦǹǽӺ󲻺ö÷ܻ벻أļҲû취ӳȥΪѱΧˮйͨ
Ƭ̣˭û뵽ȫ˵ķӣʱѰܴܲȥ
ǶԽպͳ˵ģδΪ̫ǳ׸ûǣպͳӦܷӸʵȻܻԷưΧӦָ
ֵϡ޷űţгϾӵϢҲҵ
ǡԥֻ֪ʣڴˣѱٶ
ճңһǽޣ˾㲻Ҳǿᣬ÷ʿһаٲڻ£ҲЩ˲׷ԭ򡣵˶뿪µĳѰͱӡ
Ѱ࿿ԪӤʿӲ¼¹ԷҲԪӤʿԲ𲻴󣬶ΪЩҲûչֳʲô似ϵΪûзǸ޸֮ŮʱԷ㲻÷ƾȭҲܶԷǡ
ѰȴΪأǵԵʣ˰㣬ﻹƸɽ˵ӳܱһֱãʱˣԷ֪ʲô
˼Ƭ̺󣬱˳Ѱ˼ǻ⡣
˵ʱƳһۣĵҲ룬̵Ҳߡ
Ѱ̸һߣһЩ֮ºȴֱ׵˵նʱһֱּԲߣѰҪͷɲԣʱһ࣬㵣𣿡
벻˵ˣٶȾơ
ʦʱƺҲͬľأһһΪӵ
һǳѰһӵİΣ뿪ѰȻΣߣܻᵼһܸʧ
ôԡ
¡
뵽պ̸ͷƶɢ¶ִǡ
Ҳߣı鶼˼ֻû˵꣬ͱˡ
ʦ뵽ЩҪʦ˵Ǹ뿪һЦЦȻų߿˷䡣
Ȱ룬Ѱûֻ̾һ


75 
һط, Ϳżɽ㰴ʦ˵ɡ
ǡſ, ͱס, 仰˻ȥ
ʦ˵û, ȥŻʧ˵, һǸ, һӲˡ˵òȫԼΪӣ˵, ҾӦѾõϢ˵Ѿ;, þͷǡ
˵ЩŲ, ֪Ļ⣬˳ڣǵĲȻԭͺƽ
ΪͷԵʣӰ˿úܽ, ܿӰϲССë, һת΢
˫ǳ̺ŴƵЦ⡣
ǻΣաͻȻɤЩɣ˵ĻҲɰͰ͵ԭĵȥԶ, ִֻɣʦӦñ㡣
ȴչԼ
뻹˵ǡ, Լûʲôõ⡣
˵ǸŮٳ֣Ҳʲô˼˵Ķ֡
ͽն뿪Ѱ֧Ŷã
һ죿죿
˴ЩԼһ⣬˶ˮУ׵ָⶼð
ҡҲߡͣԼΪʲôҪϼ֣Ƿ·иεĶӽǿа룬Ҫ¼ƬƤ
̧ۿ˿ֳָֻκͺЦı飬üģ̾һԭ泤ְϣƺҪã״̬뱣ңǸӦճʦķԸǡҵ֣ܽǾȳȥһԲֵа취Լġ
ʲô취
ҸطɡգգۣЦɣЩǿԵġ
ģǲ̫ĵӣԼƺ̫ԣҲﲻԾ
ʶ˺£ܲ˫ǳһŵͺͺ⣬֪ﲻ£ܿô͸ʱֱֻˡ
ˡߡ仰˵ڡ
ǣ֪뵽ʲôذһˣɥΪʦȷѴ̡
ǡĵǸܶ㲻ô
ĲΪǶӳĻᣬƺͬѴ̡
š˵ͷ
ǲǻΪģº˶٣㶼ԭңɺã
ô⣿
ȻҶһֻ֣Ҳöһֻ֣ҷΪҲɢȥҵˡɤǽ˶ǣˡ
ͣˣ̽ӵұԾ㡣
˿˼ԼȴϿɣûȥϸ룬ֻгѰһˣǲǻִҪ£ֻԼ֮ǰѹͷĳжʱɢȥ١
ΣҶһǡǽѵĴֻȥ룬ǰȺʲôƺҪˡ
˵ΪģȥҳѰˣĿ뿪üģ鷳
ԨϣҮԨӿˮֿ˿߸ʵʯ߷˦˦ķֽϵĽ֮ڶڲס
ӳһģһĸ˼Ѱһһ鶼ҲɺӴ
ԨԼɣ۾ӵغ֮ǡΪǳԨԨʩϹȻǳֻϿվģʿǷ񣬶ᱻˮУضˮִܵ԰
ֽ˵ɺӴλʯ󣬿ⰶߵʯгǧÿò࣬Үһ·ûӦɺӶ
һ·Ӻˮ׷ԨŪ˲·೤˸ۣ·ߺ󲻼Ÿϣĥ巽λŹȥһһץס߰ƵһˡޣǶԷҲúܣڵͼϹŪˣ̸ֶΣֱӷͷУҮ֪Ƶ˭ԥʱһӱƲԶڶԷޱ˼ÿζָʾ
β֪ΪΣζɺһʴΪ޶֮ʶҮҲ
ҮסĶִ֮ˣ֪߸ʯôͷʼǻ˺ö춼ûܹȥԭǷֽ˵ĻŽɣͶ˼ʯӿܲ׵԰棬ʯӸ뿪߾ವһˮУʹֻ̲ʵʵʼѰҶɺӴ
ɶһ񣬾̲ס뷢ƢʱȻˮȻһŰӰһζУգۼʧˡ
ûܿŰɫʲôȴزŰӰϻͣһССĺɫǺӰɢϢ°߰ƵǸһģһ
ƳһԨеˮֺ֮ǰһģһǴǸӺðģüͷһ壬ԽǷֽˣǰӰȥķ׷ȥĵ˷ʱһȥץҶɺӣҲö룬ðܿࡣ
ʱ֣պͳһһ뿪ӡ
δҹɭ޵ãѰʱղ鿴İΧȥķΪķ˸࣬Ұߣʿױ٣ǾǴΪͻƿڡͷǰǸ򣬴ʿȥ𴦺뿪
Խ޷ɵ죬һȱڳͬʿ׷ϡ
ȻһӣվͱʮʿˣֻΪ̫˳ǶҴģʱЩˮԲ֪б˽յףǣűһ
жŵУƮһƣƲȴûа㰲ǴɢŽŵζһָʹǰȥ׷գһעŽµӣͲ棬ȴж
ҶϪķԸֻȴ֪Եɡ
ʱԴǧһҪľڿҿҶϪ£ҶϪӲ
ΪһڵĽ룬ûܽöӽǧȣӦ֪ݵģǧȱ½ٴߺ󣬲֪ΪҶϪʧЧ֪ҪתĻʲô
ҶϪŵǧȷ֮ɽԨӴڵĵ
ԨΪ۵ֻƬﶼ߱ػǳ˵ܵԲ͸ͻơ
Ϊ˰ǧȣҶϪԸ㲦һ
ԪӤڼ꣬û㹻ʯܽΪһ磬С򡱷ͻƣҲ֮ܽ󣬿ҶϪȴûиĸҵ˼
֮ɽ˷׷뿪鰵һЩɵĶһͺ֮ɽϷйأԸһڣɭ޵ϣԼؼԼߣǵȥҶϪʱֻҪӴ⡱ĻӦЧԷ֮ˡ
ҶϪģԨӲ£Ȼϼڶ㲻󣬿в䱦ܵɢޣ˵¡Ԩӱϵ䱦󣬺ȴͷ
޵ԨҪ䱦ˣȻѡϼҡ
ʲôûȵûͷӬһΪҶϪѲȷţҶϪõгǺǷĻŵһ
ҶϪҶϪûнϼʵŻȥ˼ɣΪ䱼ꡣ֪ҶϪȻգۼͶɭ޵ǻŮ˳ʱɢ˲
Ϊ֪ʵʵʲô֪
ͷһ֣ңǼʶǻŮ˵ĿϢңƢҲһձһձŰ
ҶϪֻԸסЩˣûһԸԶ⣬룺Ҳ֪Щ˻ʲôٶ
ʱشһˣɢ˰ɡ
ʧɫгסȥһӾǣббһ
ûضǻΪʲôʱֵģһ㶼֪⣬ҲΨΨŵŵ֪ǰ¶Ҫغڴ˵أ뿪
ҶϪİɣӲͷػ˻֣ҽ֣㲻öˡ
黹˵ʲôһᣬǻŮץסһˣԸ˼仰ӰһʧڷС

еֲס۵׷ŭ⡣
һ֪Ǹʲôˡ
ܸģ
鲻֪ƵĲǻͷ
ǼǧУԨǰ˵ء
˺󣬱㻺ܷĽУ·ź⡣
ô۵ӹһɫԨ˵Ļһһڶ
ȻõƲӰܹԦ˽֮ˡ
ΨĽ֮壬ܼԦ˽
ڴ֮ǰǣ壬ʹ˽ڻ֮ܳ
һڳ룬Ľ֮塣
ֻ֮ܳ˴˽硣
ĽǧֻһֱȽĽˣ֮ض԰쵽οƽƾ
ԣÿһ֣ǧеҪһ֣ʲôԨģ壬ȡ߽֮
ڣֻдĽƵ
ǵĻᡣԨԶ˷ɣظ
أ
ѰĽأ
иڴ󺰣͵رۣеֱָͷԶһҪ˺񷡣ʱһȥ˲ϢŵĿ꽥ƽϢָ侲һƶˣڵȴʲô
ݼҡ
ϣƶţƶǰʱ͵ۣһϸϸߣЯ֮Ϯµȥ
ת˲Ƭףǰһ˿һһī֭


76 
ͽ뿪, Ѱ㶢Լ뺳, ƺûʲô뽻, ֱӻԼ
һ, ۾˸Ƿ, деͷ, ЩΰݵĿЩ
ǩ˳ɽˮ, ò⡣
ֻûάֶãܿһµ, ͷֿ, Ȼ̫̾Ӳˡ˵Ƴ۴⣬ʱգءһյش˴ͷе˺ȹˡ
Ѱ֪ڼƽϵľЩ, ǵñɡ
ֹһ, һֻֽƴӴƮ룬ģת˲ͻһŻ, ûƤۣЦ
û̬, ͸¶ֻ죬˶УͻתΪս
ӴЦһָһӲͷת˲ͱ飬ֽеƬһףƿŴ뿪
˭ϲͱѰסҪȥģ
ѰɫæҲҪŵģ
ߣҲ¿ͷ˿ϵļڽ֮⡣
㣡ѰһۣģǰҪѵʱһģһֻȴûнЩ˵ڣҡҡͷ¶ɫߵǰһӡ
ӦûϵôЦһɵǣ
ȥ˶ĵطһܰɣΪǳӦҲ㡣Ѱȡ˼ö汻ˣЩҲӼ̡
ǸӡȥϢ켣ȺУΪڳѰ˶޷ټѰΪݵͶ٣ǻŮǰʶķӡ
󣬳ѰԥƺóӶ䣬ȴֻһ̾Ϣ˻򾡿뿪Լתһȥ
ûпϢͷųдܿ뿪ˣȥ෴ķ򣬺ȻȥǱĵˡ
е÷ЦЦ봢䣬ֹһ䣺ѱˡ֮˳ȥ뿪ǿջûճѰķԸ˶ĵطȥѰ˸տƧĵطٽ⣬ƽʱûʲô˾
˺󣬴Ӵȡֻϻӣĵ̾һȻæµǳŻֻƵֱڿյĽǣһ£֮ε
ԭм˵Цȴ׷£ͷ뿪ˡӦԻ󣬿Ͽռӵʿȴûκ
۹ŪƵЦϻȡһ¯ƵĶǵ¯ȭͷСغת˲ͱм˸ߡǵ¯Ĭ˼䣬꣬ͷɳʮ⣬ĸת˲ʧԶ
̧һԶЦݣȻˣͱ˰ɡ
ջӱʻһɫĺۼʼһǺۼʱһ»ǽ׷ϵʿ֮һͷײ˽ȥתۼͱ˻ˣǴæȥʱշһӡ
ӴʱѱһСڵ㣬ԭڸĴʿ׷
µļˣӦӦԵˣο뵽ͷðͷ׷ʿ࣬ѼĲҲͻȻͷ뿪ˡ
Īַʲô⣬۷ȥ̽شܳһ⡣Ҳ͵תͷһݣһһģŲԶ
ȽĻ³Уеıֻʣһء
ոշӦʱѶһ
֪ԼвѰ˼ûа취һǻŮе˿޷ӲֻȥȻζӲŮ˿ķΧƬµķɽͱס
Ӳˣһҧ۵׺ӹһĨ⣬ֱŮȥͷС̴Ѫգۼȫ¾һãȴδãƵǰȥ
ŮƺҲҪľٶһת۾ͱס˸첲ʶʲôʱͻɵϾ¶һ˿
ʱԱߺ̽һֻһץסգֻǰһٶʱѲԭ˲ϵˣæҲҲӵټ
ӦðȫˣϢֻͺˡ
˹ɤڶ仰ŷ߻иˡ
ǻŮ˵ʦ㡣
ǰ㡭һʱ
ǰǻŮ׷Ϊʦ뱻ˣѾˡ
ǰŮɫϸĻᷢɫܹˡ
ŮҲû˵ʲôֲ¸˽ߣȴһס
ԶԷûı£סһ˲ѰӰӣҲ˲ʲôˣסԷͽǰ
Ůü鲻Ը㻹ʲô£
ǰȣ֪ǰմǰ֪ԷÿζȥҴңΪ벻Ը͸¶ñܾ׼˭Ůһ㶺ɻԭû˵𣿡
ˡ
յ˵ͷŮ˱󷽷ַϣѣɵĻʦ㣬Ӧɭ޵ɡ
¶ͷ۵ı飬Թôû
ղ֪⣬һ䡰γԡԷҲǻŮ˵ĶԹ˳
ǻŮΪ׺̣ǽѵʦãǰŵĵմӣÿһմֻһܻţǰ󣬵մλչһȴˡ
Ҳ뵱ţҲֻˡ̾
ֻнྺȫȥλܽ⿪ӡȥѧϰһأ׺̳ȥ⼸λմͬź󣬾Ϳʼ׷ɱѡ
ѵǱ֮¯࣬ÿÿʦõϢӵԶԶģȻһ󣬵ٳٲԸ֮Ȳѳ֣Ҳʦúܡ
ΪʲôἸγ־ȽգΪʱܹʦĶݡ
üоʣ¿ʱԼҲŽΪӻаһˣ͵͵иһԷ˷򸾸ǹ˼ʳǵӲűʦȥɭ޵
źؾѵͼʦеɭ޵Ӿǰ
ǰұкһίģ˭֪˵Ͷ֡
Ǹæ񣬡Ҽʦһ˼ԭί
һ̧־ͽ˻ȥ˰ֵνЩ¶ԵɣӦò£
ȴֱס
ǰи֮룬мλͬǰȾǡ
ǼһڵģԸɫٶȳ֣ѿͷŶ󣬡һ̫鷳ˣҲǳϹϵ
ǰˡհֻ֪еýѰǲиᡣ
ԥˣ𲻾ǰ۵׵ľȻѰ˼ԱԪӤشʦðɡ
Ĭռ۾ˣϼ䣬°ͣһ˰ˣ˵ãҲ֤ܰǾȳŶ
䣬Ӱʧˡ
ϿգҰ֮⣬һһӰ뽣ײ
ֻһ򣬳ͼǧѹУ󲿷ʱ붼ڶ
Żһڱŵ£ͬսʱ޿̲ѰҳܵĻᡣԷ߳һѰоͺƲԽĳǽ볢˼ζûܳȥ
һˣغʿ֪ʱѲӰĵ֪ܲ뿪֮ʣеĽ֪ͣˣʱԭ֮壬ˡ
֮ǰĽϮ򵥵һȴס˳·ֻûӽ񵲣ԶԷӿֻؿһƣ֪ǰʱԷһֱδȫ
֪һԼƵסʯ𵱳һƳԶĳ˵Ϲˮ֮ĵ⽣ˮֵסҲ𴦡
Ӧ죬ͷ𣬳䣬ΪƲΪ裬˳ŶԷĽ·У֮ת
ǰɽͷʱԼɽ֮С
ֻӰǲһƵģŲתڣɫƺ쵽һʼоĽնⲻ¶ƣԷжȥʱ𣬽ɲǾתһȦǱһԷؿײȥ
ǧûϵͻȻýУæ˿ͬʱֵ̧סԼԳ־
ʲôʡ
ڰеϢʣ֪
ֻ鼱Ӧ֮ߣѧκνԲϣҪʲôȷǲ֪㲻һֽȷ
˭ģǧʡ
Ҹո뵽ġʵͬʱٶѰķӡ
ոǽƽȣʵвأѽǣĺͻȫϣһΣûаܽӺá
֪Լ仰ڼǧм˾κˡ
Ľֻʹɹɼһֱٳٲ棬ȥ£ԨӶǿۡ
Ĵ治һԹ嶯֮¾ֱʹĽΪһɱУɱȴԼϡ
Ǳлʱ뵽ġ
Ԩӵ𡭡
֮壬ǧѷꡣ
Ī˼㲻ɻû÷򣬾ͿӳһڳһŻһ㽫ɣͼʧͻȻľҲһˡ
պ͸ƽȥˣɫǽڣҲʧȥӰ
ǽһа棬ÿһ濴һģһͷͽҲɫ
ƾձһӣ
ӽǽڣһǽȴ㻮۶û£һΣһ˼ˡ
̽ǽڣָϵһǽƺģ氼͹ƽֵģ֣ЩͼЩ죬ū\ϵͼЩơ
ū\Ž·͹·ϸϸѰȻǽҵһģһͼ
ĪǺˮߵʲôϵĵһȴûҵκλغͷ
ͻȻ΢ӿ͵תὣסҪȴһ澵ӡ
ԭʲôûУȴһ澵ӣǾƽڵϣа˸ǣӵ״ֺ޲һƬڣʲôûУʲôзӿ
С߹ȥָ澵ӣߵӱʱϺ쵵ɫǾ⣬˲ռӵÿһ
ӦͱŹûˡ
ǰ;УһⱦĹߵŮԼ¡
ʶһӣǹ·ϿиŮһˣ׳ǰһӻҵ׼˭Ůغ˵ûʹӦС
ŮԳ½˹ĹɣЩһֱ΢ЦǹӼ״ƮƮȻһ¶Էסδȴɫһ䣬͵΢Цһɨա
ôˣסڵǲ岻ҪҪҡ
û˵ͱһƿˤһӣڸ֮ңܹյ⡭
ʣµĻû˵꣬ΪŮȷţԼٶ˵һ־ͻû
̫ˣһƬհףֻʣ¿־壬ʲô治סԼڵ϶Ȼ
ֱǰʺŻع񣬶ǰŮѲ֪١
˲ŲΡΡվΪλˤڴˣ˵һ䣬ҲûȥˣϢ˾ʹظ
ºȥ룬ԼȻ벻Ůģ
ֻǵϮϣƺгɫĻͼ
·ȼƵġ


77 
Ƨ, , С, ʱĨȥԼټ, Ψֱ˷Ƶġ
Ȼдһ΢춯, һ, һӣԴӿȥգۼ, Щ׷׻Ϊ۳ïܵжʱһӲݲĿյء纣ХƵĹȴ˸, ನֹϢ, ǾĵģԨ
̫ˣ΢ľûУܿ죬ͷӦ, ڶԷĽС
ʲôˣȵ, ƴƳȣֻԳһ˿ҡ
ո̽, 㹻֪ԷʵԶԼ֮ϡ
䣬ʲôžһڽ£һ̽, ʧɫ
µһֻɫѾ˲ӣǶ裬𾪵ĲԴ˺֪
򡣡ɫǰԳñ´ܵͣȴ̺Ųݱ粵ɭϢһеڶ򲱾Ϊ˽ϵ͵Ϯһڣ
ԨܵĸҵĶ͸¶̨ļƻһ롣ӡУʲôʱϮʼԨ󣬷·ӰӣϢٹܣֻҪʱŻ뿪ͼ²ݣʼûܻϤκ˿
ûн֣һΪֻԨӵʹŷԼжЦףȻԳ֣ǱȻԨӵ˼ԲΪУϿҵ̨ʯȻҪһ֧֣ȴԸ룬Ϊ˷̨֮˳ȥֻЩӡ
ȴƽΪ˷̨ΪԼȶشֵһԸһ£Ķ֪ˣû뿪һڡ
ɫŵε֪ģ
ҶϪڤĶ֪ǵԨ⣬ʵͼΪݣǶ˼һ㳲ʱһֱɽţһڷ̨һӱ˳׳š
֮ɽ۵һʵѳΪʸ֮ģɽԴһõ˵֧֡
Ǻ˵ģ˾ǻԨӵĺ£
ԳΪӣһڸǰûһ򾡣ʵ֮һֻЭѰӻʱ̨ʲ֮ǣһʧһ֣Ѳ³ǵͼ˺ضɽŲһڻɽڣϻ󣬾ԨҲû취ùºƹضڣú
ÿ˵һ֣ľһ֣ӲܿƵزԾжأԨӺȶû˵ݲܻ֪ԨӲ£ʱľѳۣһֻ۱һֻۣŵ˽ı
ΪʲôҲͷð亹
ʿľѪǾǿǳܱȣʱȻͨƵ亹ֱðɼǺεȿ־塣
ûбľӰ죬ɤһɲ䣺֮ڻͨĿɲֹһˣҼǵ㻹иͽܰɡ
ʲô͵ۣԭҰ׵ɫһǺ죬ôܡ
˵棬ԨṩϣΡ
ź󲻾һϲлԨһ棬ԺұؽΪЧͿǡ
ֻϲܿͱ˽Ļ飺ûԺˣŰɡ
˵䣬Ǻ˵Զ˶һĨѪɫûؿڣһư͸˿ǴƮġ
ʲô򼱵óȻ˹ؿڶңʲôķ
궤˵Ժٴʲô⣬ݹ顣
δ£ӰȻʧָֻģ
縧ңҶO@ݴгʱʱҲͬǰտյĵطִǰֶԼεĸоɶвͣǻŵľȴһһЩġ΢ְؿڣȥ֪Ƥ϶һС㣬ӡƵģסʱ£
ʧǵزЦܿϾ͸ֳŭ⣬һХҪеļϤй
ԶһϮɫɽХԥ
Ѱصľģȥ˾Ǵȴûص٣ֻһ۷һѰٽƸɽѰߵɽͷһʩûҵؾȻɣǡ˶Х
ţƬ̣򸽽ԷӿĿ¶䱸ɫʲô
ǰòں֮ɽðһţΪ׵ľǶľ֪ΪˣɶԷ׷ضͼ֣ӲͬʱסҪʱ׼һս
ʵٲ涷ʤϡ
ۺݺݹһۣѪ𲻹죬ȴûж֣һԲתȥ
ľΪˣթԼģɹãûκ쳣ˣƣϸϸ
Ӳﲻǰ½磬ȡö鿴ЩأնǼö飬漴һĨӰǰӹ̾ʧԶ
ʲôˣһܿ׷˹ȥ
뿪󣬺ȴٶȳԶԭոĨӰֻһУһӣĺۼϤĨȥ֮ϢȥΡ
ľҡڲҹɫƽʲôûһ㡣
ӰƮҡҵɫǰһζƱ˺Ļ

붨˶һ۲գǰӵɫԼĳƬƬϿʲô
Ҳǰߵ«έҲµҲǸҹĻеһֹ¡ɴϸȥʱȴҲˣЩֱģɫʡ
ôѰ˼ţͼٽǰʵʵĻƬʱȴʲôûС
ū\Ѳ֪٣ſտҲģ۵׽ֳãȻʧ顣
Լ׿ûɿս֣֮ˣĽȴˡ
ѵǸողСɿô£ָɿͷȥűǲһžͷֱĽϻҲʧˡ
һƬʲô壬ʲôץסЩɫת̫죬Щѣҡҡͷ۾ͬʱУȴЩãЩɫֱӹ麣ƵģŨң·Ҫһжû
أüĴһʹţһ޳ǵϣشУЩҵɫˮƵȥˣҰ̸Ųڶ
ɻۣӳһķӣϰһˮߴŰëܿһ˫մѪ̽ˮˡǸ긾ˣֻˮҴһŴһŮӣȴ΢Ц
⿴ƺ˭ҵңＷ˲ˣǸ긾˺ǸŮӣĸСǼСʰӣ֮ǰʲôһ
ƳմѪĲĪڴ˿ڣǡиСﾭߣ㿪ʵ
˭϶Էȴֱ߹ûзиˣ״ߵǰס
⡭û˵꣬ǰһСﾹ˹ȥ
ʶʲô
ǻþô̽ȥӣȻһ´棬Լܸܵ¶ȺƤȥ鿴ܿĽһССӣŲȥӰӦֱӴǽɡ
ɿǽڣ;һεѹƾŬ޷ǰ벽ͣ²ӣת֣̽ģǰȥȻڼǽʱͣסˣһϣ壬ȴʼ޷
ƿƵģڤ˼룬ν޷

һʲôĽջ֣޽ǿķӶûУֿһۿյģв𲻾ǰ룺ھͺˡ
ǸڵĻһа취ɡ
ʱһűƿˣ˳ȥһӳ˽
üۼѹסϲĴҴҿ޲һͿ絽ߣײһӶ˲ϣŮǰŶԷ˵ʲôû壬ȻͿŮ֣Ǻ۾ɢɣеʲôݵǰӿһ̴ۣЦ
ǿĲ
߹ȥȻͿһССƤЩͰ͵ģź죬ԭǸӤ
ǵĺӡӿвסʱչȥݺ׼ڣǹݵϲã붼Լܵ
ǵĺӣǸողųİɡ
ޣӦӤģӤһһϣڿɳȴԼͻȻˣɻǰһЩֱ۾ֱӵӣڴϣͷӤȻԷ˹
볾۾δմȾ䳾úƾӡ
˫пԼ۾
īûа
֪֣̽ᴥӤӣӴһ˲ָ⴫ͬʱǰľŤ׵С
ϡӤ£Χȴտյģ׵ĺڣʲôûСǰһ³һȦһȦĲƣ·ˮϣɲǼ䣬ҵĹٶǰһС
ۣ״ˮС


78 
ɶ, ôô죡ҮйƵ߿һؿ֦, , ޲ýɽƽ
׷ǵӰ׷˺ü, ϶Էų̼죬˺ôǿ, ⸽, ת˴춼ûԷټԥҪҪۻԨزʿϢ, Ǵȥܿ͵Щʿڴ
ֻһɫ۵ʮʿԶ, ʮʿһԪӤΪ, ǽڣ˫ţһ˲Ҫ
Үֻһ۾;Щ죬ϸһƣһսʱһڱס˲, ϳӾǳѰ
δ, ôҲɻһ˰һѣѰ, ӲѰƣ־, ûü֣ƳԶ
ƺһЩʿɸޱ飬Ϣ͸ŹŹ֣ȷʿȴЩˡ
֣Үɻջ֣뿴ʲôǰѸ֮Ʒ˹ѰЩʿδӦͱ¾룬ҮľȥѰȴֳѰҲһȣƶԴ˺֪顣
ʱЩʿڷӦļ˶Ѱⷬ⾰ԥƬ̣һСʹսȦҮһֻüǰ˶
һʱ䷨׷ɣʱ˲ҽеأֻһҮͲ֮ǰΪλùŹ֡
Ǽ˾ɱ˼ǿķ鶼һ˿һı仯ֱ۱ˣµĲԺ齫ƵȥҮ뵽˳룬볤뽻࣬ӡԷޱ飬һ
˵Үֹ
ʮʿһһ鱻ĨɱʱսĻʿֻʣûжȥͬκ廳֮飬ͷҲص뿪ˡҮӲ߳ԵʰһкŲкԵĵĺۼеĲõ֤ʵ
Щˣǿܡ
Ժֳһ˶ӰɵҲˣ
⵽ô£
ǳѰΧȻȻֵ֮ɱ˿ܣҮѰ˼ǲǸȥҳѰһ£ʱȴƳԶһĨɫһζ
׷ٶյˡ
ɽȸվסһҪιëЩ¶׵Ժ󣬽һ㳯Ĩɫ׷ȥ
ֻֻɽȸɵų򣬼¾ûïܵС
Үѭ˿һ·ǰԶĸƺԳ
ʵȥԶֻΪɽϣԲŻһӶܿ
վ̨£ĽǶϿȥڵı·ͽϣεɫգĽǳǳһߡ
ֲݣ̫ȥԭƽʯ̨ױȵÿӿݣЬ׶̨ܵϵİ͹ƽЩ˵²κӰ죬ǰȥǹ˶²ģĴ˺Ƶġ
´һü󣬲µָһڻƮƮ䵽ϣ΢һС
һ˲̨׾ͷһ˷׷פ㣬ܿ죬˻Żеܣܣ
ʲôܣһͷˮ
桢ɫ԰ף˵־Ҫһ£ܡܳһͷܣ
䣬иܹһǲֻļƣͬʱԶһмŵһŲȿֱӹݺײһ
ĬһָʩסǼˣ˺ֵ̬ù㵽һԵʯ󣬴˶ӹˣΨһͨ·ử˼ʣſԶʱԻ˽۷Ľ磬ֱɽͷȥ
泤½ʱϻ˼ʵӡǣ֮ѭӡҵ룬ϳߺûã͸֪ӡˡ
ڷΪǳʶƣʶƣҲûƻĵͷһ䡰˸ķӺδѧ
ӡʧȻǳ뱻ʲôסˣסĽ磬
ǰиķ㳡аһ¯¯һ˶ߵӣǩΪոŪĻⶵƽСˣ·ɽתһȦȻϵСдʲô죬žƿȻʿǡ
ֻһ͵ϮסЦһһתת˸طȥһ˲вҽдһѽ˳ֶԷŷɮµ·֣ɴϢȴǸʿץס¶ֵ̿ɫʲô֪ʲô֪
֪ʲôʣɻ䣬öԷһ񱻶סƵģάŵɴ۵״̬еɽȥ
ˡ
һ˶ϣһʲôָ˶һ㣬뿴ʬϻ᲻
ڵ˺󲻻ữ۳ԹţǷʲôƵģɫһݣץ˵ֲÿһֺֻȥһֻ֣һֻϣҵԼҵĶ
ֻһϸϸĺ㣬Ǳһº̺죬СϸĻ׺ԡ
겻ɢһ˵֡
ᣬȴɢųǵ䡣
ȻȻʲôèˣǾʬ壬һһȥ
ʿǳһǽȥǽûʲô⣬ȴڲʲô
Ȼн磬нĻΪθ֪˿Ĺ޷пԭͬ˶ԪӤΪ˽ڶԴ˺޲Ҳ֪ﵽײʲô
ǰͣסͷһӣĵסĵȷǷˣĪǵڻ
ͷת˲ȴûжһЩģģĴ⣬Խ;ͷԽŨĩֻ÷ҡҡͷȥһһ
űסˣȷ˵ǿסˡ
ŰټĻֻͭŪ˵ģ֮ʧЧˣеɫ䵭¶Ķһʯ壬ǶУηס
ĳҪţְֻ취һƽ󣬶ǡ
ҿûôʱ䡣ЦһһöȥȻ鼸ŷſ磬ͱ˴¨Ӻûճ
ֻһʯʱķѡȴֻԶ˶ԭεĵطһ˿ѷ졣
һ˲¶ŵ顣
ССķ϶УӿھȻž޴
ǰһƿţķһӳ
⿴߲㣬ڲȴǿտյģû¥ݣҲûκΰ裬ע⵽ڲаǽڣڵǽƻϣջ
ƯһĶǰ˽ǾɾܵǽڻЩûкʧ٣Ǳȫɵˣһʣ
˾޴ʲôסģ
С̤һȷûκ쳣ڶһֱӶкȽ䱸һ˿ǰûͣסͷһſڣԥһػǰ
ʣµĲˣϣ˷ѰϧسһӾͽڵأ˲䣬һԼֳһԲεķ󣬲ܿ죬ƾʧˣ￴ʲôûһ
֮ſ첽̤Уע⵽ǽϲǿһǿģ߽һ棬뿴̵ĵʲôȻ䣬Ǹоʲô͵رǶǽڡ
ͬʱһıĲĶһ㣬ͻᱻǽһΪ
ɫ⣬һָͨڳ
ĽǶȿ˭ɽǽڣЦҳȥҾͳȥ̫ûӣҪӸ롯ֲŶԡ
һӵŭ
ôأҽҪСһ̤ǰϵŭݾͱ𾪣ʲô
ֻŵ״ܳת˲ͽסŲֺ
ʲôʲôûӲ޹ۣ̯̯֣һ֪Ƶġδ䣬סӵƱ㷢ҫ۵Ĺâ˶ס⵭ȥʱѾûˡ
徻ˡ̾һ̽౳ģܾﻹɭϵĺ⣬̾˿ļһء
õǸ󣬷ΧСʹԶһЩڽʱκڣ׷ԼȻ·һ塣
ȻȻģΪ߹ܶˣҲ޷͸ǽڣУ봩ŲУȻϣ뻹ûñѰ
Ҳʹƶʧйء
תȥǽڣſһţ¶㵵ı飬ѭЩһ·Ͽȥٶڶľϡ
ôܡ૵۵׵Ũ˶гɽȥϸϸ澵ӣز˿ˡ
ʶˣǣӦøԶͿʼˣȴһԲߵúƺ൱
û֮ǰǸһ٣Ǵܹ֪Ϣʵ֮ǰǸˣһӶʱһ⡣
ʲôûУ޴ӲˣԷҲܹ׷
ô죿
ϸֳٵĽǣвס֪ͲˡġûԷֻԭصȺŶԷһһɿӦ֮
û˿ͷһϤɤƮ˹
ô㣿


79 
ɫĳȹҷ֮, ӯ鶯ϼصŮ, ֻϵı㲻Ŵ, м⡣
һ·׷ɽȸ˵Ү, ˲½ļ󣬱̽, û뵽һ˸, Ǻ뿴֡
ϳߺظһȥĨĨͷԼûг亹ŷ, ˹¶һ䲻ȵ΢ЦҲʣǲǸң
⻰սĳǽطʱҮ˵, һֲѧ, ǺʹʱΪҪϡ١֣ȻǺĸġ
ޣҮŲ뷴ڲűϾ򣬿벻ʲôɱĻ˰治֪, ͷɥ, ûи㡣
Ҳǡɷµص˵ͷǳϿ, ɲֵܿı£һеѵġ
ι, ׻ûģ²Үܱ򼸾˵š
ְڽֽܳѵ˵ģʱãǰĽŽһ¼˴롣
һ˳ѰôõѵͱһӻϷŪҮһǶӻɢˣһҮĵһǿİ֣ŵģвҪĵ
Щɻʵô⣿
ˡҮüͷյûпһֻͬɫɽȸô󡣡
˵űȻһ¡
üҮǳϤĳŪ̵ɽȸʲôҰƵ
ᵽƣҮʱһһ룺ȻʲôƲ磬һѣ֮ǰƶһ٣ҲҲʲô취ܰҡ
㽫뿪ˮһһʮֻȥ˰Ƶʵݣ˵ûз۵һŵĽ
ҶɲԨֻܹ׷ǣֱǼһˡҮ߷߲ƽ˵ţ󻹻˻ȭͷƵץһҪǹë
ιë΢΢һЦȷ˲
ˣûаֵǣ෴Щֻ
ʲô취ҵֻɽȸ𣿡
С˵ͷۼҮỶһҪ˹æԶɫ
Үı̿һ䡰Ҿ֪Ȼ鲻Ըʵʲô֮ĶڰƴʲôûУҲûû
Ҫķ߶߶û뵽Ү¶䱸ɫ϶˲Ҫ˼Ͽһסٿ̱ĳ嶯ӵʦڸˣҪҵ
ʦҲˣҮһӦĴԺŷӦ뱻סˣӦҲģջߣƳǽϵƣ㲻˳ƷϿȥ
ʱһѿڶıˣ𾪻һһ֪Щʲô
Ȼע⵽ˣɫʵôˣ
澵ӡҮ૵ʧ񣬡Ϊʲô
ڵľУޣ·ܽһжɡ
һľУηΣʲĹӰţɢȥ
ƽԭ֮ϣԳ壬ս˻ƴɱһͿһѪɫ
Ҿһֱײ֪䣬˱׷׹أԼһ˾ƴɱһѪ·ۼз˧ǰͼǰʱһ֧ƿնؿڡ
ֵͷؿðļͷӻ˻ξʹϵ䣬׹ʱɡ
һ
ȾѪĻһ˲飬ĺǧϰɫһȥָΪһ
͵ۣԼٵڶϹ룬ãȻػܣòŷӦԼ
ؿڣ̴ĵط𣬿ȴǵûı估ʹ
ˣ
߬ǰϣ󿴵ĳ󻺻ҡҡͷûֻĿ
ʱӤĻһսҾе֣ڴ֮ǰеߣнŷСɫɫǰ˼̬ӲþֻһһԹۡ
ԡ
ոƱ֣׷ɵѪһи֪УԾһ㣬ڵԡѪսڰϮ
⵽ôˣ
˭
ͷشԺ۵׵ɻ󲻾Ũû˼覡
ܿ죬ٶȷˮƣµĻС
Ӱ´£ǳǳǻ»ˮ⣬ԶֻһģӰӣ߽ǹɲɱӵ֮
Ԩ̽ǽӰӰлûɳģɲǼ䣬ɽͷƶ֮Ҫѿָֻоֻά˶̶һ˲Ԩɿ֣еĳģâģӰӡ
ſʱҪɢĽӰ̾һ
˼ǧУʮ˶󣬵ŽӰԨб˽ʱǼ಻סеĿϲɵâɢеɶʱмյҡҡͷ
ŪǣȷʵܼԨƳһƽвʣǰԡ
ǰ⼸λ˼ǧеĶ򣬱ԼǰԭίԨûڣ̹ȻǼ̳ƵĽǽ֮ĳ룬ԼͬΪҪ˴νһԪӤڵʿ
츳׿Σڳĸ˶ڵָͽɢ
ԨΪŷѱӰȻΪҲάƬ̰ˡ
⻹ֻǽӰ֮
ʿֲѵֻгܵ˴Σ˲ġ
Ԩ֮ͨƵδֻһˣʱǽǿ˷֮·ֽ֪ģΨһɨϵԥΪѣֵиõѡɸҡ
ѡȻǲеģ۵ʱʿﻹ˭ȳ츳ߣУҲǲڲ֪ҵõ
ɳһµӡڵ΢ɹ⣬΢һһڽã˵ɵİɣݲԸӽµοΪЧ
֪Ԩ΢΢һЦг񣬡ŹŵڽǷ֣˸ߵľ磬ȻȻ֣ȥĻ硣
˼Σôȷʵ˼նϺһڵĹϵ˵;Щף૵ѵʦĴ
ΪھУŻΪԨҡҡͷ¶һ˿ʧΪֻһУ֮¡
ƷǶδ֮ʱʹڡ
Ϊε֮ǲŷ磬ѵԼ𣿡˵š
Ϲ֮£洫˵˭ܶ϶֮𣬶˻أԨ˶٣Щ˼һż˵ȥŷ磬˵˵ڵǶɽʿԼף¡
Ǳ˵ԭƵսƽɲʱһֻ֮ٶ꣬ʱӶҲٶ䣬ü𣿡
ڳʮ˽ڻͣ˺ü꣬һ֮пͻƵᣬʱһû㹻Ԫٳꡣ
Գʣͻ񾳽粢ǲܣҪ˵̳ƣչЩš
߰Ϊʲôأ꽣ɺķǧҲһЩëƤ
ǵĵҲһȹĵġԨһ۳һɫƯϣԲ
ɵʲôмüͷʼǲ
ǽڷ˳򸽽Ԩһ˽¶ΪģûᣬһΪ˱⽣֮ΪţصСһŵڶ̶ͽԪӤշǳ֮ƣ죬šӵ׿ĻδǧｭɽҲ޷ƾһֽϻɽͼ޵ˡɺ쳾Ϊ֣δУܴ˴ɽΪѰͻƣʣضɣҲҪķǧ̫꣬ˣǵȲˣҲȲˣרΪ׼
˵ĵѶɵʵѭһڵһʱͻɽҪǶš
֪кСʵ
ԨһۣЦرֻء
˼һ֮꣬ҲʿǧΪḻ
ΪհףУϲϣһһһõȻµĺۼʹ򣬵ۻƸֽʱһֻعޣǱ֮ʡԨζһֻأ粻ָ֮꣬
˵ٶеļ𵴣ɨڳ˼Ҫվȣʱ˴˽ָտɴ
˱Ⱦһɨգϸֳϲɫżеʵ֪رΪ
ԨϹű
Ϊ


80 
˻ľҮʧڵľ, ૵, Ϊʲô
һݣȷԺֲ˻ľʲô
Үһָд, е˻ľʥ, ķʵϹģҲϴ
, ֱٶ˵ϴ, мҪ½ʿ꾡ࡣ
Ů洴Ϊ֣һ澵, ھй۲һһ
澵ܿ˻ĺÿ䣬ܹÿһĻƮ֮, ֻ֮ܿ
, Ů洴ţ澵顣һΪ;ӾͷĶֻأĹ硣һƹ, ˻ġ, ԶϤ֮£սв֪ȥ
ʵϣ˻ľ䵽˶Сʱ½һս, ΨһİǺ۽˻ľڤϺ˱, ڤͬս𲨼δ˻ľа֣֮һЯ棬֮˻ľںȪӴ˶
ҮһǵʱǨ˺ÿ˳󶼻ǰȪ˻ľͱǴ
ʰ˽ΣͨڣԵϹģļǾӵġ
Үʹг澵ʲôΪܳΪʥ
˻ľͬԴԼܿ̽˻ĺÿһھԳҮ׷˼ֻҪб˵ʲʩֻܿزöϣδ
ЦЦһôûС
֮Ѫ᲻ֻأ֮˵
ȷҮ̾һϾֻĻѪѪеһһֽܼԦ˻ľ
ȻϵУֻһˡ
˻ľסʦͷڵĹžǳȾЩɫͷ
Үҡҡͷ뿪ʱ˻ľӦûڵģ߰ٶǰˡ˵⣬ذ˰Īгʲô¡
ƳһۣЦʲô£һϢûС֮һȦģĥһ㹴ǣ⣬Үֵҿĺ;ϵĲ࣬Ӧһ֣Ҳϵãܲ鷳ҿЩʲô˼
ЩӦʼ֣ڸ࣬ʮ꣬ݱΪڵӣһЩϵĲ壬Ѿϵá
ҮӦһĵʦͽжңѰҰ֮˵ýԮ֣ڴ˵ƬҲ޷ҽѰɽȸ·ŵһߣϸе
Щʱҿʱɫǽô򣬿ĥĹ졣
ҮĶһ󣬷ѲУѰȥֶԷڽһֻֽ׳ȥ
ֽ׷ɵúܿ죬һ˲ʧʣҮһۻιֻЩ죬ϸʱѰټʵʲô
ڸʦǱš赭д֪Щĵ˼𣿡
ҮʻЩһڵڸôһ˵ʱ߳ɬķռݣͷƤǿˣҶԷ䲻Ǻ˽⡭
˵ЩʱʵЩ飬ֻ沿ĵ˼лֵֹţƺǱĲеӡһͿЩʲô˼
ûб¶κʧƽ֪ĸҾ͹ˡ
ģʵظ֮ҮЩһһָ򣬲֪ΪΣеĲɣĹʼû⣬żͼ󲿷ʱ򶼴۶Ž£ƺ¡
ι𣿡̲סǰ˻֣ǲڷ
صֻһܵġš
ҮЩֲ֪򵽵ڴʲô⣬ֻüĿİͣ˵ʣ֪ʲô𣿡
˹ǣΪԷѾ˰취ɻ˾˵֪
ι
ֻ˵΢Щͷɡߵһǽߣָ⸧ģЦ⽥Ũ临ӣƽⲻ֪Ҫȵ£ķӡ
ʲôӣ
ȴܿ⣬ʵǳʱûκ˲е֪ΪΣ
û˲𣿡Ү˴˳ԣʦΪûв
Ȼ׷ɽȸһͷǻƧ֮ʿȱȽǣЩУһʼûʲô֣󷢾ƺ˽֣Ź뿴
ȴ˵ûзʵ⡣
ȻܲˣΪѿָָȴ󿪵ţڴ֮ǰеûһ˿й
ôܣôǿҮɵشܣܿ죬ԺоʲôһٵʧеѵǸ
뵽˵ǸС
Ǹһû뵽Щˣܵˡ
ɫնɡ
һն˵Ͼصزڷ˵ؽ硣һֺء
˹ĵϹǳЦɤ޻ƵĲ˿񣬴ͷÿһͣҮȴĪܵһɺ⡣
ֻǸʿΪѹȸУ
ҮԾüж˼̽Ѱʱȴѻָյġ
Ϊֹ䰵˼ֿʶʱûʲô
һ˲ĺ⣬ԼĴ
ҡҡͷŬͷĹУʵʲô㣿
նȳӲӦ˽ʹ֮ι̡ǲӦָǽϻ˼£֮ǰиĽ޹Ҳ޷ǽڣֻܴŽ
Ľޣֲ֮ǰоڽ֣ȥˣҮһۺ򣬽ԥѲɱˣҲš
ߵԼһ
Ӹ˵ҮһֱθڣʱҪ಻סˣʲôˣ
ſһȵˣڹƲ֪ȥʲôط˰ɡ
˵Żɷµ̾һڣЩϧ˵Ļȴ棬ϣȥɽ˵½˽߸ɱۡ
Ҳ̫ˡҮСԹԺ£ߴˣϻ˵ôȳʦ
ûע⵽˵ʱǽһȦеֲʱǽϵ㼸£ǳǳķӡ
Ү˵һϲ̫ͨ棬ǵ΢ĩУë󺣣㲨Үû̫ģûз
Щǽڣҫ۵Уۡ
ҮʱûһʣͷҮɫԼǺ侲·ҮǸҪȳʦˡ
ҪôʦأЦҪˡ
ʲôҮֻҪԼǴһͷˮУԷ˵ʲôҪأƵúͿģܲһΰѻ˵ꡣ
⡣Цһ漴ȥָָ߱ŵףҾȳʦͰȥֻɽȸ
ԵʲôҮŭˣɼûа˼ֻú޺޶˶ţȻסƢ׷ȥ
ֻԹûзǽµķӡڲţ뿪ʱǽ˼µơ
űãʱ˼ֵУƵĹ
ƺǳûҫ۵ĹУʲӰϸܷЩӰ֮ǰĺƣлҮûϳķš
ӰƵص׵İ»ϢС
ˮͷڱǡ
̴ٵĺڴۡ
ǰȴģһƬǰһӻ˻ŬסջǵڵأָײڵϣŷԼ֪ʱ߬˫֣ʱָס
ǰһƬ䣬ͬʱˮ䣬һ̽亹ԺŻع񣬲Ҳ͸˿˿⡣
һֱʲô죬ü˻ԴҵϢ˿⣬ӡһǴĴˮǲѸٽһжϰɫ
ǵԼˮˣʧˮ̶̺ʲô˹Ӧ˰ɣ
Ϊʲôѵǹ괦
ԣס۾촽˶˵ʲôȴκҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ãȻ޴봳ڵС
˭ʼУһѵԽԽߣ·һ˲Ҫը
ʱһĨɫǰһζƿ֣۵ӳһĨ졣
һöɫ׹ڴ׵Ĳϣѩŭŵ÷ö׹ľܵһů롣
ΪԼ̫˰ɣסö׹
ԺУһЩֵƬƴģĻ
롪
ʲô͸ֱ麣ԼУ·𿴵һ˫Цӡ
ƫҪ㳤ءʦŽɿʮ飬ɨ꣬ʵҲ
һˣЦӯӯɤ֮䣬Ƶĸϡ
Լ֣۵ãȥ̧ۣ˺ܣγѣǰĲֻʱ侲ȡ
ոյˮֻǻþ֮ǰһþУһһξͬ
Ѳǵùȥ˶ãֻǸԹߣڻ⣬ɲ֪ʲôʱʼһһ㱻˻У԰еĽɫ
ɫɫ˺£лпѣ֪ô¶ˡʰݵܣʹ͵ĥ־ϲãʵıݣһ
鶼ޱȡ
Щþг룬Ŵ࣬ķѵʱҲԽԽ
һΣǿö׹ܾܿ벻Լˡ
ҵ˼ĵҶƵһһѵò˶ãͻὫȫס
Ϊʲô
Լ˵ʲô
ЩϾȥϸ˼Ψǡ
Ұģ¡µ⸡˲ϢϮȫ֪ԤʾһþϮֲս׹
Ҳܡ
Ҳûͺݺҧס⣬Ѫʱ߳
һģЩѪʱд硣һʱ䣬кǧߣÿŲܼ𳹹ǵʹ
бĴ˶󲻳Ŀ̣ȴʩԼϡ
ǰԹüַӣ仹޷ǻþʹǣĳþеľŴαþԻʶţ麣òðʶоռݣ˵Ϳ԰ѻþ
һԣû뵽˷ȷЧ˺ܾãĻڵӣûԼ˭ҲûԼĴ
һܶԷʲôıó˰ɣĵ
ⷨӶ˺󣬼п麣޷ϵĴˣȴȻˣһҪѣԿ׵һߡ
ֻҪһ֪ԼܶãҲ֪淢ʲôֻ֪Լǡ
ԼǸԼŮǾЩ¡
ʱɽУƹضǧȣɽΣıЩ׶ŵġ
硢ꡢµȵȣЩؼ䱾ʹڵģôÿĻôܱΪſôãѵΪϲ𣿡
ʹĥհ׵ͷظֳĻ׹Ŀڣ૵ǰ
ЩǼõġ
ԸЩ汻Щ翵ĻӰס
Ĵ۾ǡ
ӽŵ׵ָ⣬ÿһ˺ûãˣڵϣ˲סš
ûֱ׹ǽ׹ģָסģʹѪۣ׹
һ㡭Ҳ֪ܳŶáۣϵһ¶顣
ʵ֪
ֵĽǿ󣬶סԾ޲ߣ侲ǣõĽ޷ܣôܻѻʯ
֧֮£ȥϸ˼ѿڶĵԭĻ
İɡ


81 
деĹ, , , ûڱ̺С
ǧСŲ, 䱸ػܣΰŽ, ƴǵһԼǰ, ҪԸǵӣɲգۼ䣬ͳ
Ԩ˵ʣµⰲȥ, ѳɹУ±ز֡Ϊ볤дѷһԵ, ιȰԼ, չһɷ߿ƽϢ
ʵԶƴҪνͿԽ˽٣ⲢΪĽߡ
ֻЩ, ΪˡԨǺ˳μʱ, Ȼ˽ֻΪΪ硣
˵Ľδظ߹ԼֻӲƴӲ, ĵʤˡ
ɳ벻ͬʱ⣬ܴһȫ, ܽһصϡһЩ˵ᱻˡ
չֳ˳ʵĳ룬ꡣ
ǧʣԪӤʱڵĪ˵ǻԣƶΪͻҷˡ
һΪ˴ĽжԸȴ壬츳м壬вʡ
ѽ֮£ŻױĵӼŭóȻУ˶Էļơ
ֻ֪Լ̤壬Ǳ͵ʲôطǱ˻þ
ǰֻüҴƳһ۽µķһһŹֵ󷨣ȻеʲôǱضǷǳ
ǵӲΪΪλ
һȻλϣݼǧֻ֪ľóΪġ
Խ󣬿̷ѶҲԽԪӤܽ˻̶ȣֻƾΪ̣ÿеÿһʶ˼ǣвǰ
ĸʿԼԦԼΪǧоľĵĹѿ̳Լмܵ
ߣǵȷľĿ̳Ҳܻһ
ΪһиֵһᣬǳĵӣҲܵõŴ
ǽɣʲôͷ
ɵ˼
ֽûͬϵĴܣҲûĸӣżЩϹŲûա
򡭡˼飬ûвʲô
ôֻǸС
ˣĪֻɺϣ룺֮ǰʦͽƺгйӴҲʱİɡ
гûʲôʵȺʿ֮ǿ֮Ϊӵ񱦿⣬񱦿ķǼҶͣҲ֮С
ʵԾǣǿΨһѰĽ͡
ʲôŴΣУЩΣÿһܽʮΰٴΡ
ˡǧҡҡͷ̾һ
ϾѾԨӵиµθɡ
֮ȴ뿪
ԭȺãȷϸûΣպʶ̽ܣԼӦôڼв֮ɽԶ
ӦǴ󷨡ɵԼû͵а޾ۼأһϼƣȻȥԨ
ʱԶӰ˻Σһӳ뼧ǧС
ǳ䵱Ԩֵĺˡ
㣿ֵô⣿
⻰Ӧʲǡñ´ƵɤӦΪλ
ǧüǺϲԷӸµ̬ȣһΪ磬ȷ⣬ֻסƢûв⣬ԨӷԸѰãֻ

ǧнһ˵֮زʲô˱仯
ƺһ˲ɱ⡣
ΪļμУǺģûκǧһȾöԷǲΪһθܵ˵
ƺŭ
ôˣΨԼ֮˴
û˵Ϣˣƺǿŭ⣬˼
ú󣬼ǧвԷûʲôȥ¡
Ǻƽֻ˼ֺ⣬мǧжĵһ
Ǻ˳һŷֽһֽڣǧеʱҲԣ㽫ӣԻаš
δ䣬ԭֻʣһĨӰȻ뿪
ǧеķֽƳһۺʧķ֪ԷȻ˷ԸȻǴͷԹ˲϶룬֮ɽֱȥ
ǧ뿪ãһϮ۳Уȴľġ
֮ǰǺ󵼣;ŲصԭʱԷѾԶԭĺۼҲĨ޴׷Ѱ
ΣգƸɽûþյݵĴ飬˵֮ѽ⣬ûϢ
ī㱨źݷԷͼֹǰ̨ļƻתΪɽš
ͬʱʮЯʯִ̨ڸ贫Ȼݱͨȥ
Ǽðյľٶݱͬ⣬ʱīһͬǰȥ̨Լ볤ʦͽʶһԹ۷ΪݲԷģľϤɳԼɽš
һڵӻ֮ʱҲִ̨ǺܿҵڴǣѲ֪ȥ
ϢһڣԼ̨Ѱݴľģǰȥ
ľıҪȥϣ;кȻǺ˵£ĵôһܿԨйأ뵽ԼǺ˵ĵطǡλں֮ɽƸɽм䣬̶Ծɽͬں֮ɽ
֮ɽ۵йأ;бȻ۷Ƹɽ֮ɽ֮ɽϸϸѰ
һαǺ˵٣֪˴ʵ⣬óȻƽڼԶ档
ʱǺ˺ظ˷ľʼϲЩײƣֻǶԷƺż·ûз
һǷʲô
ľѰ˼ţҵദȻ
ϳǻڵļǧУǺ˵˭ȴͷ
˲ص̫ˡ
֮ľûԼͽܵ츳ֻ׷ݵǳǳӰӣϸģӰͼѰЩʲô
Ȼ޹ʧ̾һԺһĵ費ݶ罫˴ۼȥҲܿʲô
һһھһ˲ɫƱ㽫һΧȫС
Щ㲻ͣۻƸɽ
֮ɽԨɨһۼǧеķֽɫһһŷֽ㻯˷۳
ǧв֪׷ʲô£ŵضһ̾ͻӭѡ
Ԩȴûпһۣ˼һ󣬱ǧﴫͣں֮ɽٵɽͷû˷ʱ䣬һ͵ǣ˭ܾǰȥǸطؽҪ¡
һӣǰ͸ֳһͼīɫУһ㷢Ź⣬Ԩ˵ĵط
ƺǷ˵ؽ磬Ԩɽˣ˽¶Ϊѵɫ
˭֪а޺У֮˳ǶҪȺ֮ΪҲܲסԷ˶ڡ
ҿԡЦǧŵߺУй̬ЦȻ֮˿ҲҪĳ񵴡
˵ма޵ԼԾȥ
֮˶ʱ¶֮ɫԨǰĴûᣬԨ˵һͬʣ浽˷̨ãȻй߾Ӹλ
·;ңԶΪߣܾȥԨһ֣Ը΢ɾǰ
ߺЦǿǵĴأ
ǧаǣǹϵĴûʲô⡣
ɫѿŹλᣬֿ޽ݾߡ
ԨȻִһӶǼа޵Ǿ鷳λһˣҪԺǣ°ɡ
Ȼģɢȥ
뿪ɽͷȴǹڻ΢ĴʱԸʹ˷ŹߺеҪǰսģӲͷƤסߺ
ߺƳһۣһ²³˼ȴ֪ɵʲô£
ɫһһһҧҾԸߺһ֮
ŶߺЦҲǲԣֻ
ֻ
ߺдյǧһ͸ڲͣӦ˵ɣ
֮⣬ҪԸڡ
ʱ¶ɫ΢ɺ͸ȥԶͬΪѾãΪУ˳Цûüϸ˼ߺ̾ѾѰ͵û˵ɣˡ
ʱһѿڵ
΢ɲͨӪ֮ӵеʯԶɣ֮ڡɲƣֻķأܹ޶ȼȡķ̫ʯҲܵõ벻׵ĽչԨǶΪῴķ΢޷Ϊ̨ṩʯ벩Ԩֻ¡
λˣҲ֪ҪòܵڶΡĵҹҴӦΪȨ֮ߣһɣ·аҲؽʲôãǵ˵ͷ:ƾߺѲǲ
û뵽ߺֻܹݣʵϴ΢ɵ⣬ıŵа޵ؽͿԿס⣬ıȡķ
ǧŷ߱ʦоΪ书һͨ߱ʦǻΪĽݾߺбҲɱʦΪŵõ֮λصޣûκεӣһıţԴ̸ףȻŹ
˸˼Ͽ൱Ǣ໥һһǰսġ
սĵĴǰȥᣬٵǵΪֻ칦
Ԩɵ뿪֮ɽʱдֱȥ
ڷйĶչ߷ɵĴ֮ӰסΪߣԴʱų󣬶ܱȹһϵ
ͻȻǰһ۵Ӱʱ񣬹һ˦ǵ⽻һ
һƬպƶû˻Ρ
ÿƸһ
ǡһЦ͸޳ӰԳƫأ
Įǻǳɫ۵ײ޵ĳŪ½١
ʲô˻̧֣۵׼½ٵĶġ
½ٶŶñ²סһеĺɫȻ˺ߡ
˵һһȦһȦɢ裬Բﶼ£ͬʱЯűֱ֮˵š


82 
ɽ, Ү, ǰɽָָ, ﻹɿ߶ʲô
㵽ʲô˰, ⸱˵ӣҮ̲סһ䡣
˭򿴶һ, ֻ˸ơ
Ү˵, ˵ĻЩѿڶʱסˣһ, һһԼĪֵ, Ī
ȥǼ˵ʮʮʱ, ڻػƵһƣָĳ
ʲôҮ´һôûʲôر
һЩʯӲݣȥ, ÿһǲ, ǺţһԼͻָĵطġ
꣬Ѳ, Ȼһαˡ
ˣ̲סˣ߹ȥһѽ˹, Ӹߣһ²߷ӦҲ죬һźݺСȡ
Ү֪ҪôȻΪ֮壬һŻ۵Щһ
һӣһ㡣
ҮֱҪˣոյȷռһˣҾ֪߶߶ʲô
ƳһۣƤЦⲻЦ֪
ȻҮ˵ͷֲһ䣬˵㲻ҵĻô㣿
ҲǡˣԾǲӣҲԥԥģҿԸ㣬ܰ˵ȥ𣿡
Үһ·θڣûģæ֤Ȼ
棿
棡
ʳԵĻⱲӶɲԨŶ
ʳԣȻͷҲơҮĵԭʹӦҪ㣬Ȼʧţһ֪«ʲôҩ⼸仰ſھûӡ
ʱϵɻͳɺһɨգȡ֮ǳǳЦ⣬ҮȻֲĸоòһĵɣ
ѾˣֻһָҪµĽٻ
⻰һըףҮ졣
𣡡еǷ˵ؽ磡
зִ硣
ִͷƢҮҲ̲סĳ˲֮ʣңҲ
˵ҲɡطӦոԼѾºڣģһڣһֱӣʱʱ˵ĪĻ棬׹ĿɿڴָǺ죬ŭӵģһʼھΪƭҴӦ𣡡
ǡԵζûУֱԲٻܷٻնķ󣬾ܰʦȳ
ӿ̫ˣٻܿܰӶˣסôˡҮȰԸȳ룬÷Σյֻһˣֻܸǣ浽ǧˣвҪ֣֮Ĵׯ򶼻ܵʵ̫ˡ
򲻿ֵʦЩʦ̫ʦ֮Ĺæһڲкܶĸô
ҡҡͷУԷ˶ڣ֪ϸжԸʦ˼ǹܻܿȦסһɽֵһͲõ壬⵽ǱҲƾֵĹؼ
ôҪӡҮûǵùɫͻȻЩ˼ˣأ
ЦЦ۵ȴӹЩ⣬ڸ̡
ЦݣҮԵɵش˸䡣
ʱ𣬽ɽϤ룬еľԴ˻Ȼھ֪ǰֺܵ¡
²Ǽװҡͷ̾ϣֻǴɡ
ǿػĿиֳɫ
󣬳ǽɫӰϢ֣Ƴ۵ϵѪɢĺۼһ
ӦʱһɢģɢѾˣЩ档
ҲǰһĨȥ˵ϵĺۼָ߸ʿԪӤʿ֮ǰģ׷ɱǲѾòˡ
˵㶣ƺԼ¾ˡ
ǲˡǺηʥ
ʱЩ鲻Ը;׺̣˲˼Զ˦Żصӣս߻ԵĳѰĵȫѹѰ˸ȫĵط㿪ʼҳʦͽ䡣
ܿͷԼƺ˺Ϸ
ӸսĺۼнʿʬԪӤʿɢµ֮⣬һЩ߰㿴ƺĶĥ˺ܾãϳЩӦǿܵĲк
ֻ֪һƳܹɱʿĿܣǾܵټһȦûӰӡ
ɶ칤ӦϡƽѾöԷӦûûԼƤӵټĳ̶ȡ
ȻûҵȴЩġ
мԵεļӦޣޡһһԪӤ̶ȣһǻϵĴѲ²ԷΪжֻ֪Լ߲١
ΪУԼҪԷᣬƺͿһģͬɱʿһ뵽;÷ǳңĿһġ
Ȼи⣬иƵҪͷʦãֻһ;ԴҪըˡ
Ѽ˺üۼЩɱʿƺԲͬɣϼҵģŵģɭ޵ģһЩֹвֵɡ
аͬˮ𣬾ܴճһЩЦЦ֮뵽Ԩӡ
ѵڼǺһڲԸ룿룬漴ͷҲ̫ʦˡ˵µؿڣ̾ûвͽȥȻ²Ҫͷ
ȻƳɫӰԶһΣƺȥ
һתҲ˹ȥ
ĪɢһֽŵգҼһŴգ·żмˣҲĵġ
סһˣ˵˾䣺áͼ˻һ£ʲôµ֡
ʶԼװ磬ͨͨģۣô㲻˵ĳ̶ȡ
Ƿʲô𣿡ȻǸдϽ뿪ȴûƵģΪʲôоЩԾ
ǣ˲һʱܵļƣ͵͵ۡ
·ġ뵽ʱƺвǰȥֵȥǩ
˭ϲỹãһǸ˵ɫְ˼ֵ֣㻹ǸϽȥɣ̫ƽ
ʲôˣ
ƣǵ͵û˲֡
֣סЦĵֹһأȴԾӣʲô֣
ȻΪʱʿ뷲˻ӵԵʣ²йɷĴ˵ÿ˻ܻһЩֵԡ
ֻΣʿڰʲô
˼䣬֪ܿȥ
ǰǰܳһͷܣǰȥΰݵĿ˶ˣоίԻǰȥܣ˭֪ЩԻһȥ˵
ԭɽϲֹܣл֮ޣʯжҴܣ˵ǣЩ޿ҲŲѣкߣ໥˺ҧ֮໹ʯͷľҿһƷƵġ
е˵Ǳضʲôµ¼ƵģʱҶЦǵϣкЩ˶εһֻ񣬿˵ӼûֻҲͰˣмһεҲֻɣǵڶ磬ۼ˾Ϳͣһֻֻͨܿͷˣ˶ˡ
ʱԭֻ޻̸֮Եǳ棬һʱΣҲ֪ô죬кü˼ѾҪˡ
񣿡𲻾ǰƳĳӰ˼ص˵ͷĵװŪıµǿԡ
˼û˵æܿˣǰȰ
С˵㣬ĳǲ̾ʧڽֽǣȥΣķȥ

һȥһ۾ͿһΧǽͿʲô
ʩϸûʲôˣõı˷֡
߹ȥǱ֮ӽ¯࣬һֱߵ걳󣬶Էû˿չȥãֶԷڻһЩֵķţһûЩŵ˼һִ򣬵ڻʲôأ
뵽ƾðһˣӶʱסýЩգ۾ͱʯ
ڻʲôһ飬ʱŤ¼ѳȥκʵ⣬ѵֻɴͷûʲôȴûκӵء
һǡ֧֧мֱŻ˵ģָ̧ǽǣǵֵķġ
˵ŻЩͼԼĻ˵
֣
ѿļţϸһЩܲܿЩʲô˭ϺܿǰҲûجӦڲƭˡ
ӵļʣлԻ֮ãѵϱĿֹһţͬʱһգȻץסʱӳǯơ
ףĵһƣһټʱС
궯ٿ죬Ҳ첻޵
ѽպգ
꾪ŵɤУۣһֻɫɽȸڲԶų򣬼ëƵӦǳ̫ϵġ
ЩεġԼڶ
Ѵ˼ۺЦ˵һΪȸû뵽ֻɽȸ۲Ǻܴ󡣡
үүҪȸ˵ķ𣡡ɽȸй죬ܲ
ڿ˵ΪʲôҪװŪѲϻֱʵ
ɽȸԴ˻Σ֪ΪΣѾЩ⡣
Ȼ֪ܿˣǿڵ⡣
Ԥ׵أһɻӲϮûܿʲôˣֻ÷ӿҪ˺Ƭ
⣬һޡ
ɭ޵ĹҹܷЧұͲʺԾ
סʱûзбûм٣˭Ǵ˿죬Ҳֱ˵޷мܡ
ʯɲǣѰ˼ĪǼţ˻⣬б֮ã
ֻǷ¶ԣ
߷ƵķɳɽҳһټĿӡ
˻ҡҡλվӺü죬Ҳֳ󶯾
ԷӦûº֣ȻҲǶЩͷô򵥡Էģû塣
ϡֻüƳһģİӰΣʲôޡ
ޱرʱʵΪ׺ͬʱʧȥǣܱܿʹ´ԻڵֻΣʱŻ¶ࡣ
ˣô̬·̲סֹ
ʱȥ޶ѲˣҲǴΪУ룺ӳʲôҲ޹أȥǶʦͽȥ
ţһ̧ͷеӳһڵı
ְɡֻǸûҹˡ


83 
Ӹʮ, Ϊܸǰȥвΰ, صһֱ·, ·ò, ⼸˶Żˣﻹҹ, 㹻еĵ·տ
վڴ, ֮⣬ҡҡͷ̾̾
Զͨɽϵʯ, ɽͣҪɽûѲʱ, ɶ˵, ⲻСˡ
һ̧ЩӦǲǰڱȽ뵽˳룬ĵѵڸΪûвϢ
, ͼ΢ĽѰЩ, ֪ɫûʲô֡ȷΪԶĽ޽, ڽΣͲˡ
ûҲû뿪ļ, ƺǵ˽ֺƾʧˡֵҲûطºۼ
⵹ˡʶڸѰһͷŵ׵ĪʲôŹ֣
Ծ£ǰеĴߣԭΪ档⼸˲ʿɢڴ˴㹻˵ؼ˳ЩʵȽյĴʱԼЩԾ
о޴ڴ˴ȴûκսĺۼһ˲Ƶġ
˼ţʼҪҪȥʱӷȻĹ⡣
ǹâת˲ţ񣬸޷
ô£
üȻôӦյίʵ̫ˡ
ԭֻǾں֮ɽ´ڵһں鷳κϽԤøࡣ
ĿܾţޣһĵҲƫƫڰһڡ
ǵһںԼϵʲôý顣
ޱ٣Ϊ٣ʿ޻඼˳ۣ޴ƫԨ԰ھݵؽûĴָͷʢľïֺͰ䣬ģһֻһš
ȻǰǱԨشȥ֮ˡ
˵Ҽǵðز̰ûˣҲֻֻɡ뵽ǴΣԺкسһģĲ²⡣
½룬½٣䣬ï֡⼸ְǰ֣ʹ˸䡣
룬˽Ļˮ
˻ⶼʲô°
ǹ˽գΪʲô棿
֪ԼĲ²ǲȷҲ֪
ֻ֪⼸մߣһûʲô¡öԸһУκһʮ׺̶ѶԸѡ񣬽ɲϱʦ׷ɱ꣬ҲǼһﳶϹϵ
½³ԹԼҲǵˣƺĳʱСĲ½Ļ裬һÿһط̱׺ҵֱûһ찲ӣƤû˦½ڱһˣѲŽ
绹Ϊϰɡ
˼վô˴þŵĨ֮ʱȻһڵķһƳĹâһ
ƺڶʩֳʶһֻ̽Ǻдʣǽŵķںҹ¸ȻͬʱƮС
⵨Ҳ̫˰ɣɢ̲ס
صģֻΪиΡ
и
ɭ޵ûΣѾûܷ˽ӽЩתӳһϤӡ
վڲԶЦӯӯʤѩ볤һУֻǰɫȾŴƬĺ죬ȹڵĻͼһ̾ͻڶ
㡭ס벻ͨΪڲԼġ
ǿɻЦЦֻǸϢˡһֵǸµ޷Ҳ
ǰüʱֻ֪ӾͨΪ޷Ԧ֮û̫ӡˡ
ɴʱԷΪϢ֮ǰһȴĪЩ
Ϊʲô⣿գʵ΢Ųٵ֮ƣ˿
ɨ£ȴʲôûƵģǰһֱ˵ʦҪǰһ֮
Ǻйأ֮ǰֻǺһ£ûʲôر𴦣ô˵ŽɿһۣûƭҰɣ
ƭЦһӣսƿ
Ѷʱӿס۵ӳ۸ӵƣ֯һ˸ŶĿĹ
ãŴѣεľлع񣬲ʵ⵽ʲô
ⲻҪ½ŹϣҲûôʱȥʲô󣬵֮Ǿȳ
֪Ǹָǳ룬ʣҪô
¶ЦЦ飬ûлشǷʵǰ
ҪˡѹϧҡҡͷҲ鷳
Ǵ˿̵򴦴͸ŹŹ֣òɢ벻׾Ͳ룬ӦͶ㿪ľﶼŹƲžţҲܹסԼĺģԴ˲ܲʡ
ȳҲãǻɸ˵ĿҲã˵㲻ʲôθڣȥҧǸ
Ȼ岻ģɣܺùմһȣž뿪ӲŶ˶ͱ˼
򷢳һ̴ٵЦ˹ߣˡ
ţֻüһʵڣһýµػ˻Ρ
Ǹ
ͬʱԶкѸѹ߸ʿȻֻ߸ǱǰʿΪ£ΪǾǻΪǰǻڣе֣ȻԶܸܵӿɱ
һϵơʱȻĿЦǰ㣬ҲЩѰɣ
Ȼü֪Ͳսˡ
ῴǰ˷ǱģˣҲⲻ˱׷ɱĺǣɱʦһҪֶˡ
𡭡ɰͰ͵
ҪһԲ֪̯֡
ѿһöƺõ뺣ãտЦŽ˹ﲻ鲻ԸҿǺܹġ
ЦЦû˵ʲôгΧסɷķӡڷӡлѸʲôһȴۡ
εĻԭѰɽʯֽˣȡ֮ɽҰķġɫݺύҹɫڷ⣬ٴֹۣ룬ɫĳȹҡҷŮһ֧ɺĿȺڵķ˿ףѣƺˮУԲȹһȥҪɽ뺣ס
ܸоתصʲô
ԭͲ֮ǰһֱûܷ
ǸôȹŮӣĪЩɭ޵ûĳƺǷʵ
ҲԵʣƳĵԷΪͣиóҲ¡
һʱ䣬֪øп˲űɽɽΨһľǶ̶һԼô಻˼£ֱײ˼ùˡ
Үгǽǳ˵
ԭгǵġƳ򣬶˶죬Щٶʳһ䡰㵽˭
סˡ
˵£ӿڳԼʵҪʲô
ǸҮȻԼҲѶԸô໯ʿ
Ȼ֪ˡָָе뺣Ȼתɽȥ
æסȵȣҪȥģ
ң̯֣м޹ȻҸط
ιһˣ˵ֻĿĨʧɽšʹĶģ̾һɫȥΡ
ߺΪ׵߸ʿϿգͣȥ
ǺʵŴֻЩΪûôߣԱԶԶ˦
ڼԶǾͲΨȥɴӿųֻ̣ǵ˺ȴһƬƽȻɢ΢ȥʿµģ֮ǰܵĲͬ
ɽͷûκ쳣
ΡߺжͣһԲĿڵ©κζ
ʱƵĺ¡
ɫһݣ˸ɫʱͳϡԽԽ죬ʹڿУܸоҵĻζ
ô£ɵ
䣬˲Ϣ˺ҹĻ
ƬնȾ˺ɫҹȴܿͮ·ȼƵģ֮һǹ̵ķ磬˵ϡ
ŷ£ܸܵԳܵȡ
һ˲ǾͿĹȵطɿشڸߣƺһŻ𣬽涼Ѭͨ죬ǿպҲǽȾס
ֻǹȵغܿͱɸ߹һɽͷͨɽĴƣɽסߴվһɫӰ趯еķţ˵ʩ衣
ȻǸûȥͣɫӰܿʧˣͬסߵصƣţɽѣŰ
ɫĻɿش
ֻգ۹ͼû
⣡쵲סſ磬סڵĻ档
Ѱǿ϶ϣȴԵص״ܳġ
Ƕǵо֮ˣϲǽٻ
ٻ֮ңǳҲԵֵ
ſǽٻֻǱһ裬ܿͳ˽ǰɵ÷һôô
һۼƳԼĿӡ̵Ʋ
˵Ҳſ磬ֻ֮ǿסǽٻԴԴϣۿܿҪٴγƽ磬һ˲ϣס
ʱߺеȥ˵ϵ󷨡
䣬ȴһ΢죬̧ȥȴάֽһ˵ӱѪ߸סûü¶ŵı飬ͱг˼죬ת˲ͻһѪ
ûϵᷢ£һ£˼¾ˡ
ͬʱһʿһŰӰߣʱͲ֪ȥ
ֻգۼ䣬ˡ
ʯ䣬ײܻɫڴ˲䣬иķģ͵ػζ
µĵذ͵һ𣬴ھܵѪ䡣
ۣڵһ㱡ʹδ£Ҫȴһʹϡ
֮޷ڶǿԼѡ
Ųȥô
ĵʧú󣬷Լûбκλþź֪ʶ˱仯
ӱģ²ǱˮǼӲĵذ壬ɫǽź⣬Զڵľӡ
ɿ֣׹ѪĻڵϷǺֱܿջС
𡭡
ʹ˰ĵطԺûйһ㡣


84 
ۼ˻, ߺе˽һľ, ʶʩ׵Ļ, ַܿ׷ֹס
ԨӵķԸܼ, ʿɱۡһʮ, ǰ̨, µľֱ
ǵõȷ鱨һĿǰֻһǼɵû, ϼ֮еҵ˵ȱȻǵĶ֡Ķһ֮, ûϵᱻȷˡ
Ǳϵĸ, һһ塣
ûԷƱ·ϺӦ֮ߣоΪ֮ˣƾǵΪȻڶ̶Ƭ̾ˡ
ȻΪ, ʧء
ǡԷֱص׵Ľٻ
Ƿ˵ؽ磡вرٲ, ˭벻ȥľٴ롣
ǺεɥĲ񣬲ŵˣ
ͷ𾪣ǿ־, Ƭǰ־Ȼ޴棬ţһԲس, ƾ𺣽û
ʵֻҪ֣ͶܽٻʼûôΪ˭뵣ϷգһȥԼͻ¶ΪǱڰ֮һĿꡣ
Ǿ岻ʱϵķĺرҫ۵Ĺâϸܵ·ܿ츲Ǿͷ֣俴УʵЩľһ㱡ĿףƸ˺֮⡣
뵽Ԩ˿ش£Ȼһ½籣ոֻ龪һˡ
һ룬Ǳ㶼ǹȽϵ󷨻ȥԶƻơ
ٻƻֻ˾ܹصصףʱ˻Ҳױ˰㡣
༸˽аޣ֮ǰƤ涼ЦȴҲ˲ЩԹ˵̴Ӧˡ
˷ȥĸһУܿͱǷ֣мʼδ渲ǣÿÿǼƿԼĪɿĿյء
Ǿ󷨹ؼĵȥǼ鿴
ȥ˵ĿյأܿͲ˶ߡ
ֻǶһ鷽ε飬令룬ɫЩƣܿü
ȻǼ͵ƾǰɲ֪Ϊûио˿
Ǳڰ͵͵۲ǵľٶ֮ǰһֺʣʱ̲סҪѰκο϶ٶȳ֡˷ɢ˸βͬ顣
֪ܽסй¶֣˲ɵ뵽Լ֮ǰûܲ˴ķҲΪЩǶڸڰ塣
ڲܲ͸磬ԼǻҲ޷ڲɢڵϵȻֻǼ侫轫Ƭ渲ǾܽµϤء
ܿ죬ͽ鸽𣬻ûȥȡ飬ûƬյأܿʧڻС
һ˲ǿҵк˳Ƶϯÿһ
ȻԵʣ룬˼ƳһֻķϵƽӳԲʮﶼյͨ
ֿһӵķӺܰ˶˯ú죬Ȼ֪ѱȾ죬ǽι̵ĳǽ⡣
ǺЩŵ⡣ڵΪͬʱֲʧܣÿһǡô˲ò̾
뵽˴ǰ̹Ȼı顣
û뵽λֵġЦ
ڸûʿҲǽڣǵΪܺԲƣȴŪڻڹƼ䡣
ȻŮӺǸδݵʵСܵĲ֣Է˶ڣҲˣܵеù
ɴ˷ǳ֮ߣЩƻ˵ϵ󣬾̾ͻᱻŤת
Īǻк֣
ţʶкǵͬɢǿеôԡ
ߺеרעѰûܷ
Ų֪ʱһ죬ǵĻ룬ܿ͸סذ壬˳ǽȥ
ڲǽϵķһ붥ľӣǷУƺڼĽ֮
ûãŻԽԽߣһͼ˸Ĺ֮ǰҮ͵͵µģԭ̾Ļ·ָܵˮƵͼȥһӴûС
յĻԽԽ࣬ͼҲԽԽʱԭƿ⡣
˵ԭǱֹĺӵԴԴ˻ľУµͼƾӵ̰ӣ齫ÿһӵضˡ
ǲͨˣҲܴݺύ·ϿЩߡ
ǲ˰૵ȥԴ˺޲ˣɵÿЦõҡҡͷ̾ЩΪԿΪѹԶûӹɡ
ɽϵѱƻĻƽȥ
ԭθߵĹȵرѹͣϵѷ콥£ػصصףʵͮɫҲָҹеİɫ
вһͼһӰ
ֻеɺһĻʱӿС
ķȻϨȡ֮ǳɫϸơɫǵĵطɫһڻ
˵ʱʱ죬Ǽ˻δüӦһķѣƱɢƵġ
ڼ䣬һڵľӱ׳󣬾΢һһϮе
ǳ룡⾪еδ䣬˾һȥһ˲Ǿ;ӿϮſͬʱǰһӰɲǼ䣬Ϯ±㲻֪١
һʼڱ͵ϮĴ֮ǰ˳롣
׷ǲҵҲҪ׷ȥ
ʱɢھº£
ǱѰ·
ҮŷпٵģָЩټն
ɫ԰ףǸ亹乣ʩĹɴʱ˿и
ȡ˶ϡ㱻ˣЩƵն棬Դ˲󣬾ǻΪĸֶʱҲͻơ
򵥵֮󣬵ΪǹնȻȴ֮Ч
סնѹȥƺҪǶصס
ʱնʹЩ£Ү˼Щһʱ޷³ɺ󲻿ɾҴ뿪ˣ֮ǰûߵһԵİ˻ľ
ϾҵƺҪȥһˣ롣
ѽζǧ궼ѵһĺ棬ȻóһҲôˡ
ͷβֵ⡣
ٻ𣬿ðգʵǧߺеˡ
νƻ޸ѣŮӽٻˣŰط󿪡ߺȴܳߣΪûסԱ´ϵĻ𺣡ΪɵԶӣʲôҪܼǺķѴ򽫽ٻص£ŮӺޱ֮
ͷһͻϮβһͻϮм̯ȫߺǡ
Ǻʡ¡
ˣвֻۣвؾͻǰ
úͬϢȴصϵƣЩȥƻס飬鱻ƻбǡôڸסеı仯ʹЩ޷ڴڲһ㱻߽⡣ڻʧȥвиʱһٽС
Ǵ°߳ʱ˵ҲõģЩ˼Ҫס룬̤ױסķλ
ⲻҵĵˣѸп
ʱһֻ˹ۼֿһס˲䣬ͻ˷۳һУɢŲɱӵ
ǣŵۣʱϴЦɤϸţĩ̲ססͷɥҿɲԲӦ
Ӧ֪Ǽˣһߡ˹һ춼밲ԨӻҶŹ㡣
Ϊʲôңֹڡѻ
ʲôʲô£Ҳ˷ʱ䡣˶٣ֵ½ҿ԰һæֻҪܼġ
Ƭ̣Ϊѵ˵ͷðɺðɣˡҲĿ¡
һΪ
֮ʧˣ̾һö˿֪Щһûʲô¡
ۣȴһöɫķĿڱƬϣ˭֮һĿȻ
һΣ͵ҮסǼ˵ĵطʹվ棬ҲܸܵзӿЩڳԴڲƴ
ҮµĽѳּƣ˶Щ˾Ըѳ
Ҳֻ˵šЦЦֵһӣЩϤƳ
޶ʧжʱһ󰲾Щ˻ûüӦͼһƮ˹
һʱ䣬ضҡɽƬգһлָʽ¶⡣
оӳ˯һΣȷʵס
Уֻٶȳ֣ǣӱӺƽ٣깩۸Ե콵֮֡ѱɸڣ¹ԭַɸǧꡣ
ǽŽɵǰ̱ǰľ󾪴ˡ
ɽƱƵģݵʯ׻Ȼɵ֣ԱٵһɶԭɽͷӰֻʣ㵹ʯУһҲһ롣
˴˵еƽ١
ǲŵؿǰĹ⾰֪˵ʲôҲ֪ʲô
ͻȻȺ˺һ䣺סӣ
˽ǰǿɽˣһʧûС
Ƿ׻ˡûã˸͵
ԽԽ࣬ãȻʧȺϲ֮齥ǣݱʢĿ񻶡
죬ӿֻٺǼ
Զ󻶺䣬üˡ
ǻж£ʲôñԹġһƾðһŰӰۣצɣһֻ׻
ǽѼζûܿĴ
ʿ㹻˳ǧˣôĺôҲͲͲܱԹ𡣡ΪȻ֮󻰷һתȫ𣿡
ˣšǰ׻㻹Ѿܾ˰ɡ
ٿ˵ҳʲô˼ġ 䣬ɽʹһЩ죬üЦ
ɢŽϢĵطУӰײײȴߺк͹⣬˻Ѫȴ޷ϣٲȻԪ⵽ش
Ϊģһ˲䣬Ǿ˳ǰϷӦѸټȫԽҼһ
Ҳ֪Ԩӽ룬ƳͬǱߺУж˺⣺ŮˣҲ˾ء
Ƥͬлᣬ겻ȴߺɱ
ߺע⵽Ŀ⣬룬һЦˣҲ֪ܳŶãɱαӲһ
Ѳ£˿ϲãһҪȡ˶Էһ½
ʱһЦһһŮ߹Уɢ
Ѱôطɢ
˭ͬ
ӣ򣬲ⲻҪЦдǣ֮ǰȻشҼ⣿
˵˵ʲôˣҲԷΪֵõСſڴƻơ
һ˲;ƺЩԾ
˵ǡ֮ǰûвȷţҲûɡ
ͷĪһ⡣


85 
, ʵա
ֻǵԼε, ǵذ廹ǽڶ, ʱ, ·һ˫޴þȫҪŤƵġ뿴ʲôȻ֧, 
, ۵Ĺ˺ڰ֮ˣһ˲, ΪԼҪ׹С
ڣĲݵ, »Ÿɾ̺, ŵĻ㣬ʱö䴫УУ͵ĹΡ
ƵĻ棬ڻþеһ̤ࡣ
, ﻨ㡣
ѵһþ
͵س, һ˲;ʹϮ̴ÿһѨλЩٶȻʹȥ
Сɤ, һߵ߽
ģ˭뻹ЩجʹüģıѪϷҩࡣ
ôʶ
۵¶Щ, ƬǰͷӰƵƲɢ
ǰȫҽгϷԸҰûз۵׵ãԹ˵һСĴˡ
𡭡ϡС㣿ֻǰټٽԷֱ棬ϻŻþµĸ֯һ˽иͣ˻Դȴ޷룬üĵӴ˼֡
ûв쳣ֻظ˼ʣȴΪԷʻָͷȻϾǾˣҸҩС㾫ĹҪӲЧŶˣСΪȻűҴ󣬵ʵͱС඼̫ˣʮʮܴϸߡ
ֆ˵һѣһֶûȥüĵĴʹңԷ֣ǿʼܣձ̲ϷֲԼڿʲôʲô
ۻҵĹӰǰ㽻ÿһþ»ǳӰӣȴԼ
Լڱĵذϣзʲô
ӡһ֣ԻѰһأģ
˵𾢣֣ʱֹסϲȻһԼţôˣӦһʼ͸Сģû£ӦϾ͵ˡְյץץԴһˡ
˵Űһ̯ʱ
һһףǳĽϻͽ
ӹϻֻסĿǼϤǽϻ꣬ɴʱȴһİУջؽϻİȴʼջ֮ȥ
Ϊʲô
ĵиʣһƽ֪
ҵĽǡ
ǰһڣҵĳӿ룬һ˼붼䡣
Ȼеʲôˣ
ţһᣬһ˲ͱŴʮɿ⣬ԭĵطѱ֧顣
ʮʿΧסΪһ˸߹ں⣬ȴ顣
첻еأŨأŵȻ޴棬µֻ
ǱҵˣҲ¡ָųһ֣ʮһӵϡ
ǧиߺʼʲ뿪ú㰵Ǳأ뱻˷٣ûпһֱԶ㷢춯ҲûóȻǷдʿж
ЩܵĿԶû¶
ǰҹ˴󣬼ǲǧ֮һ˵һʱðǰѭ
ԭֻץסޱԵɣϾ߿˳롣ǰҶϪַԸ͸ŹŹ֣˵ճֲٱ˵Ҫ޲½ⷲӡ
ԭΪֻݵնϸ֮£ճݣһڵӶԣһҪ룬ǰ׺̶Դ֮ûκ֡
ӳʱǳǳ䲻һѰʬ޴档
Щʵ´ӦԨӣϺ֮ɽܣóضĳµĹؼȻвʲô£ܿƳ룬˵ܼԨӡһʲôƻлС
Ǻ꿴ףûУ˭գۼΪߵ˾С
˶ԪӤʿΪ䲻𣬵׾ͱסţȻ֮ʡµ˲ҵģóȻǰΧסһĥ侫
һ˶սʮˣ𱾾ʹƣ֮ǰΪԷʣЩʿѰûᡣ
οҪչ˳룬Ҳ˵δЩþӰ߳ʹƾ⸱ƣߵҲʲô֧ܿ׾Ȼ֮ƾ跨ش˺üˣԼҲ˺ü
鲻˷ʱ䣬ǺȻ׽⵫ڿ֧ţԼȴֻʣˣһƻ˸ۣƻ˳롣
״æ󣬶ʱ˲еķݺ˳ؿڡ
ΪԪӤΪվҲֻԪӤΪܵһʱͽǾϣӷɳصڲݵϣʱԳࡣ
ֻͨɽȸֻаƴѪʱͽһСݵضȾˡ
뿴ŲǰЦ̵ĺ꣬գۼͱģһ㱣ʶ߹ȥ鿴ƣɻûüӣ;ʲôĶ
ɫס˫֣Ȼ˶סķסһָޱȼѡ
ôǵǽг
һ۲գһڲݴеɽȸ˼תϣֳɵ룺ƺҲöΣǵöٴˡ
ȻۣͻᷢԼվǱʱ׼һνˮ׵Ĳơ
ס֣
һȴȥһϮɫӳͬϤİĸоӿͷ
ǳѰһ˴Ȼд·Ϊ뿪ԵĸľǻһȦ쳣ǰȥ͸оڸ򶷡ǰһǡҪϷз
֪ΪγΪλڴ˵أʱΣݲ룬ֻ°߳룬һס˺ͳȥ
ѻ٣ʵۿֻۣͽֽӡԷಫھĺ꣬Ӧ书򲻴öԷûüʱӳȻǷз
ʱֻʣʿƲһǼ¶˳ѰԼȡСʹ˴㡣
ѰǼʿʱСʹ˸Ƚ˽ȥȻԼҲ̤˽ȥ
ֻҪ뿪ݣ³ɣҶϪҲҪӣţϲһ˲ͼѰſ˫˹
Ż󿪿жʿսɣΪһҪϤ¶ԷֻһƣܻǾܽӽ£н绤Ҳܵ˺
ǳĺ󱲶׵ĵ᲻֪ѰһƳֻһƾ˶ԷƢ͸磬˭ϳѰ˺˿˱ܣ·ǰһײ
ʱɫһûϵѰزѴ͸ѰؿڣʱٶԷ麣ֻǵָ򣬶Լѱαסǳ徢±ŴӴй˳ȥ
׹ûǰ󿴵ľǱѰԶǱ̿ռݵӣԼȻѵĵɫ
ӿʹһ˲ͱߵҲܵؿһƾ³һѪ͵ʧ˼һ²ˮССϪˮǳֻûֻЬȻбˮԲᱻʪܸܵ⡣
ǡ
æؽţ˼۵һ˲˻ã
žણʲô˽űߣͷһ֮ǰס
ʧȥЧζ
Ҳôǳʦ֡
ǰظֳֻ棬ÿŻжԼӰۣҡҡͷͼڶෳҵͷ
Ժǰȥ
ʶУͣԭ
ǻþУ˫㱻ԭأ·ߣ·ӡ
üĵʹһһϮ֪ǵֿþĺ֢ǰëٴηеĴʹǼ˲٣ԼĪҩЧĿĵ˴죬û֧Ųס
תüĵʹǽòһЩͷٶȽûججû뵽ֻѭűһ·ǰ
֪˶ãȻں

ܿʶԷԼֻڻþӰڣÿÿʲôƺڲڼĻѰϤĺۼͣ²Ǳ߿ȥԼʯ̳ɵСϣ·ͷиް߰׵ĸس֣Լæֺ
ܹæ𣿡
Ǹ˰ӣ·һֻСӣƺҩ䣬һִֻڰ˶ߵϣƺ뽫Щ͵뿿һԭһֻС¹ȿʵĿǸų
ͷС¹ʪӣеĻֺ̿Ͳ
Ѿ׶


86 
ϲ˾, С¹˺ܾ, ȱü, ˹, ǰڵϵ˼£ƴܿ, òױǸЩ϶;ֲһ
ѽǸ˰յ̾һ, £, ġ
ɤºͣû㲻, ·¹Ƶ, 󣬼ǰ㱧ǸЦЦ˼һʵûŪʣû, ԰æЩ𣿡
û˵, ַסһΣЩľɢˣС¹һ°Ȱ˳Ͼ, Ǵʱ麣Щ˵֮͡
Ǹ˸ûΰ쵽ģһ, ƳĽϻȻص˵ͷǽ뵱˽͡
ˣûʿͨո߳Щ׽ľٶʵǸֻһ£ûȥ롣
ͷ¹Ѻܣֻ˵úأϱ˺ܾж㣬˼һ򻬵ڵء˼״æҩ׷ȥȻȡҩͱʼ
¹һʼڶ㣬Էûж⣬ֹͣæµƳ˳һۣû뿪ĬһߣöԷԼĪԴǣδΣЩ
һС䣬Ǹ˶סںɽΪͨҽԴͷ˶Щӣ˿겡Ҫؼңڰ·ͷС¹
ԻһɽˣǱŵӳİɡ
ȻŲ·вСıϵľסˡ
롰šһ
ʵûкҲԼΪʲôҪ¡ƺʧȥ˼ֻһȥ룬˼ͻ½УŻ֮ȥʹ
üĵʹʼûͣЪѲָüĴ񱻶˼ӲƵģǿаҲǺܿ챻ϡ
㲻ɫôô
˹еɤ𣬳ֲۣ֪ʱԼѵڵأһֻֽüģʲôһѱ顣
ͷС¹ѲӰ˿ڱú뿪ˣ˽вסǸԼûЩĲԾ
ҼⲻԶȥϢһɣҲˣһ治ȫ˽
Ӧһ͸һɽȥ
Ǹ˵ԼƽʱЩҩûõĿյأԾͰᵽ˺ɽȻÿȥӶҪ߲ʱչʡЩ
Ǹ򵥵СԺʰúܸɾԺûʲôװΣһھһľܣһľݣɹЩҩݶźݡ
ˣתݵݶů͡
Ȼ뵽һݣͬɨúܸɾûκưܸС
üĵʹȻʧˣÿһһԤ׽٣ֺԤ׳ȥͷиֳãȻ飬󣬱ݶǣ˼ƮȥƬĺ
Դ֮ΪԴ
ǻĩʱڣԣԶɽƷ鼮ϼصɾ
Դȴȱһ
ߡһƬкȻ־䣬üֵҲ⡭
ʲôû˵ʲôûӦΪԼˣӹкг£Ȼͳȥˡ
УæµƺˮʱζƮ
һ˶һڵݸҿɫ԰ףƺѪ㣬ǰӴֻĸǡȺȵɡ
ҪˡȴɫƽȴѶһѪۡ
̶Ƭ̣ʼʩŬЩƵĻӰѹĵףתǿԼȥֽĴ
Ҫȥȥ
춼ˡȰ
ȴǰһһٵҪȥ
Ǹ˵Լ
߹ȥҪһءɻشۣ֮ε̾һˣ޷ͺãȰ˰ɣҹ͵ůůӡ
Է˵Ҳƴǡ
ͺپܾ
ӹ룬ů͵ĸдһ˲ָı䡣֮ضȹ˲ֻأԼûʧȥ¶ȣֱͨ
ʱˣ˱ȥкˡ
ԭԻɽˣͬǰҩڸҩʱ򻹺һûһ̸Ÿ˾ֻС¹˾ͰٱԹˣҲҪץסαأֱ͸ǣʡ鷳
һڣҵ£ץץǵ£´μˣһҪȵġ
ˣɻ
Ǹ˾ͷС¹¹ʱĹв٣¹Իȴûʲô⣬̹ȻԷ̸Ц
ﾭô࣬ƺƵһһںʶѰܹԵϵȴһ
ǡûݣƬ̺ʵͷ¹ܿͻᱻ˲ҲȻ𣿡
һ·붼û˵֣ûϵͻȻڣŹֵ⣬һ㶣Ѱ˼Ƭ̱֪ԼԻĶԻȥЦЦ֪ԺᷢʲôˣҪһѣľͿԼ컯ˡ˵ž͹ʰ꣬ʰʱֵԻҲҪڣԼ֡
ǸѰķŮӣؽȴ˦ʿ֪١
˼˵ͷ뵽Ǿ䡰Ϊô
Ϊҽߣ˵Ķﲻ֮ΪܿܿһԱԻָ
мֺ֮θɡ
ллǸһ񣬡Ҹˡ
ɫûٶЦЦġĿ뿪ˡ
ûС·۷ƹȥ˺֣г˷ɽ
ɫѺڣɽûʲôˣصıײɻṳ̂Ϸɽһ˿ӹûüʲôһӦ
һܿϮͷȻһֱ۹ιԶľ׷ױնϡţַһĽϻЯŻĳһ
ѵһϻʲôײϣںҹбųǡ
ʲôˣŽϻվ˼²ǿվȡ
ոռȫƾܣȻܶԷ͵ϮȫգԼҲķ˴δָҩȻ˾ˣһʱҲ޷ֲĴ͵ϮһͷĿѣ
ǳǳǰ֣ɫӳ׺̶綾һ㣬˿¶ȣûʤģʶЩһȥ
뿴ĿĺһѹָոǼ¶ɱСϻµǻԷĵûгʣʵ벻ԼЩʲôڣҪ˾𣬴ֱɱΪҪ½ʵʲô
׺ȴֻЦһʱ֪ˡ
˵ٶ̽ץ룬һ˲üͷһ壬˵˾䡰鷳ܿ죬ϾӹпЦ⣬ֻһӣһضľƵԵȥ
Ƿȥ۵׵ƽɲǼ䱻顣
һƻȻǽضľ˹ȥƻˡ
ǸˣӦеĶԴŵ뿴ʲô¡뵽Լ뿪ǰԷϵĵǣĵǵҲŻġ
ҹʲôԾ˶ҲѡڼУȥ
Ƕа۴֣ʿ˵أڷȴģ޷֪Ǹ˵Ϣ
ˡ
ΪʲôҪɱˡ
뱻٣ֻһͿˣ֪޾зԼӣ⵱һΣ򵥵ķ֮һʿǻΪ䶼裬ֻһ֮¡
ͺã㱻˿ˣҲᵱ⡣׺̲ΪЦֻá
ս֣ǻʲôڷڣĳȵڻþоЩֻµӰӣȴеظܵǹ̵¶ȡ
ܿƵأ뵽˼ʱ֮ǰʱججСۿʲôҵɫûɴʱһЩ
ѪеɽȸѵĵɫС¹ʱº͵Ŀ⡭
麣мɺԵӿ
ֻԼ¡ԼͼƽϢпҪʧص
Уȴижȥ˹еģú˵ԣǲǰ£Ʒںܾ֮ǰ
£Ҳ¡
ǰ
Ҳδȫףֺη
İ׹˺ҹƾõХ
׺̼ɺ󣬲ŵؿе䵶
Ǳ䵶δʣҲûлٳˣѶΪء
˶ϵһǣߣԲɻ󣬿ûʱ룬ΪâܿʶĽˡ
ǰνʱǰ䵭ĮʱĽ̺ǡôʱƣɴʱȴԭ֮𣬲ܲҪһзٻ١
Ǳ䵶ǻһˣͼ֯޵Ҳ˲ͱնϡ
ɭ޵ĹԹܼȴܲĽ
ûʲôӵĽУ˵ûнУһһ̴󿪴ϣ򵥵£׺ֻƾΪӲӡ
ɭ޵óһ˵룬Ǽɵ֮Էȫʵ֮ǰΪ࣬ɴʱڳĽȴѰ㷴ء
ɱҪܣû뵽ԸһԪӤʿ˽ѵľء
ż칦ֵһۿ񵲵ķѳƣйƽһ
ʱƵ±ȥ˴Ҳһ˲ݻе飬׺̸⣬֪⸽ûסˣЩ˶Ҳᾪط
ȫɱˣţȴϮƬӳȥ
úһɫ硣
һ˲𣬵ɫǷסһһѹеļɢ
Ƿϵȫ󣬵ɫһɢȥ֧ŽڵأŵĵطȥǸղŵǷ¡
亹һһ£ӡǡ
ЩĽнʹֻάһʱĴûվˡ
ʲôס˲䣬̧ͷһζһ˫ʪӡ
ֻΣû˾֡
ǰվµͷС¹Ȼű
׹ʱͷ¹ǣһԥûУͳ˷ǰ
̫ˡ
˻Ů˵ĳЦΪ룺ġ
׺̵ȺƬ̣ʼûбĶӦǺľǵЦЦץ
ʱһ޵
ֻһŰӰǰȻǻŮ˾ǰʧˣƺǱŰӰˡ
ڰɫϵĻͼԾ
ū\Ų¶ԸߵĻӭнĳһչҲߣǰ㵹Ȼ§סˡ
ҵˡ
Ϥɤºƴ硣
򵥱ļ򣬸ŶԷ˫۵ȣ˵ͷ


87 
ʱиĺʱ
Щµײʲôı, ǸŮô, ŰӰʲô, ˿, һһš
ڳУЩ޹ؽҪ
һֱӰεҲģ, ɤϢЩۼ, ˮıҲڶԷԸߵнˡ
Ȼ뿪Ǹطˣ̾
˶û˵ǰǳս, ֵ̧ʣԱ, Ѱ˸ƽַ̹ȥϵʯ, Ȼ̺Ӿ͵¡
ºһֽ§ų룬ճִӴȡҩƿ¡
ҩƿĽҺЩۣ㣬ǳһڵҩ
ǴӺˮߴİ, , ֮ܿ͸еѾõ麣ܿõ, ֮ǰԲĴҲϡ
ʱϢܸõؼȡõ°빦Чȴһ̬ûй, Լͷתͬʱ۵׸֮ɫ
ʶ룬ۣΣûгǵı䣬Ȼҹȴԡº͵УΧ
ϢƳƽϣȻ£ִ֮Ӵȡһ֧ȼڳߣɫƮųһȦûڡ
ʱ׻Ӱ߳ԭ򻹸ߵͣÿһͱСһ㣬ߵǰʱֻа˸ߣŵӣҲ֮һСˡߵᣬȻ˺󼸲ųſ£˦˼βߺвһǧ궼ûõ⻨ۺͱ̵ѣ㵹һ㶼ۡ
ζҩ̺ǧǧŵܱʿúָܺܿľڵĳˣЩСá
ƽ׵ģһ֮˷˵鷳ˡںػ˻֣֮ʵأ
ˡ׻Ʋֵ˵Żצڵϰ˼£ұŪֽʻǰͻȻһӦʱѾˣ治㡣
䰵˼سȵսģҹ˵һӣ¶ƤЦⲻЦװҲûã㻹öأٲº
𣡱𣡡ƮֻɫĳȹԳѾվʮĵطǱʹͱһ⵹˲ٱʶȣ˿ɫڨڨһЦͳǿССҿɵϻ𣿡
ȴûУ˵ġ
ѵһ㶣Ȼɿؽһߣֻǻûüͱסһͷֻ׻һŲӰϣ̽צӿȥȵӻѸұ֤ԷԼ֮ǰԼ麣ֻáޡһʵʵվԭκС
⵽ǰһֱǣ
šѶ̽ӵĿ⣬뿴ߺк͹ôҧǹȥˡ
һʣΪʲôҪҿɲǵ֮ʲô֮ͬꡣ
ҪˣҾҪȥˡһᵽš־̲סüĻⱲӶûʲôͷˡ
򾪲һüǳӹһ˿ֲ̿Ϊʦøߣÿμȴè
ҵҵѿЦֻշִ
ִҲ̫ˡ
ƣʱˣʲôɭ޵޾ƶûҿɲȥ
뵱ֲôô鷳ߵҸ㣬ʱ̲ʦûԷΪȻţҿҪ
⡢⡭ֻһͷ󣬶ˡ
Ҳ֪ԼӱֻӣǰֹֻǸԶڲĶ۵װûԼˣǱ۵ȴĥܵϣٽһӡѪ
ûб·𣿡С
ȻС͸ŹŹ֣·ʲôһֻ֣Ϊʲôôû뵽
а취Ѷʱ˸߲ҲԶ׼ʵʲʲô·
ɭ޵ɻԼˣȴĿ
ûУֻʣϵĵˡ
ʦ˺˭ܱƵ㣿
ɭ޵ҪŰ
źҪͽͽҪǹҪǰյĵطȹһӣѹ;ͷҪըˡ
ҡҡͷһͷ۲ѵģҲЩɸ֣Ͳָɸ˽㵱𣿻ɢӴ˲ɭ޵
ҡʱǱһƹãͰ͵ȱҵһ
ڶڷŻţͻǧټƽȥ޲ǧû䣬ûнɢġ
ְ취û뵽㡣
ɵҶʣˡûŹʦүģ㵱ţΪθĲã
ǰΪθĲá૸͵С͵һţЦôû뵽ء
а壬Ȼ෴ĿȾչγֽޣڼѣʵϻǱж֪
ϲϵԽԣ˰ֵˣ֮ǰȵķϣβƽϣ߰ɡ
Сû뵽ȴҡͷôæһҪúлл㣬룬ʦõԴΣ
һֱĬİ׻ʱ̲סҲ̫ˡ
ΪЦҲ̫ˡ ۣ¶Цݵҵ뵽м¿æ
ʲô£Ѿ̫鷳ĿɲС
ܼ򵥡һŷֽɿ湴˼ʣȻ˽ѣ͸š
ҪӸӡ𣬾ͲҡƳһۣѡ͵˻ȥ
ֽϾһЩֵķţڵЩơ֪ΪʲôӷӡˣΪ±͵Թ󿴣
˭
Ҳ֪ģ߾Ϳԡ˵ȡʲôһš
ֻһֻϵſ򣬷ɿسƶˣһ˲Ѿʧˡ
ǱһĨȥƵġ
׻ûֹǿЩ󲻽⣬Զ򣺡
ȴһЦ䵽Ҳ޷˵˳֪˭˶٣ֵ˵ոûп׺̵ǲһӡ
׻룬ܿ쾪ȵô֪
Ϊߺк͹ҲУαװֿǸʿӦ˽ѪֱⲽߵЩȷ֪ΪʲôоŵķЩ񣬵ûô£ҾÿܺǰӺ֮ɽйء
Ԩ׻ΣյĹâצһۣڵϻĺۼŤͷ۱ϵĴӣ֪ܴܲʳʲô
Ըɡ̾˿һʼϲ϶һ˿ƣ롣ԭߺк͹˳ǵܣɲŷסǵ麣Ͳǳ⣬ֻҽסȺ㡣
Ƴҹɫ˼ΣȻЦЦɵҲãˣǵĿʲôõһˡ
˵Ųһ٣ĿڳϣȻۻĽȻƽ
ϣǾΥİ
ůϢߣḧӲǣʹһжС
뻺ۣ߳ѣûǰججƷϴӺľӡ
һ¾ʶһ̽󣬱һ
ｫ⼸շһ飬ųӣĶסǼϳʱȡůǼ
ϴԸߵ¶ȣƵġ
ﲼ˽磬ؼһͳ֮֡
һżªľϣƾɵ絲ס˷ţϳǸ˵ӣŶڴϵİϣԭŶֲԾս񱻴һ¡
ǰ뺣ԵһڵĺɫԼѰ֡
һڵӵ϶Լ֣ʩ˹ϵ䣬˵ʱվˣ˵ĹϵУ˿
İʧ˹󣬿Ӳʯ
סǿ񣬼ǵģܿĥۡ
ʱ⴫΢춯ƹ˳ȥ
Ժӽ䣬ڽɫֽһ·ϣֽʵֻֽͨɰЩţ
ʯϿ˼֣ˮ֮ĹϻдһСġ
ûпϢһͷߵЦЦҵĳ뺣ˮǴ˴ʯʱҲԹš
Ǹ˵Ĺ
㡭һ˿ӡУ򲢷ǻӡ
򿴳ɻЦЦɣ˵ӣܲ˱ʬҰ⡣ ˵ŵһպǵ죬ǹա
˵ͷӹڷͷһݡ
ΪΪ˻һݼɣˣ˻Ǻܿܳܲסֱӻҷ
עľٶһü
ǰĳ룬ѣͬѿܶݼһˡ
оˡж˼̽


88 
ˣ
ǰյľ, Ӧǰɡ˶ֵҲǺȷ
, 㲢δı䣻ڻþмʶ˳, ̶̼վȹ˰, ľǰͬ˵Ļ, ȷǱˡ
ϸ, ɽ꣬ʿ˵ֻǵָһ˲, ̨ʱһǺüꡣȴ⼸±֮ǰ껹Ҫ
ɽ, ÿ쿴ĶǰһȻͬľ, ڻþУ̶ɲǾͼ˻þʵʵˣûʲôһɲ, ûʲôǾֹġǶ̶һ, ܷ츲صı仯
˵Ǹ˵˵
ǳսǰʱججû, 𣬷ʱʵѪɫǺεȴĿġ
Ǹ꣬г, 𣿡ʡ
ҪƾΪȫȫˣɢûв˵ôأǱ룬롣
鶼ˡ
ţѾˡ˵赭дģϸܷüݣǿû̫Ӱ죬ڳǼʿˣ벻ᱻ
λеͳŪֻƳʹ󣬻ʱȻֹһ˲䣬Īһ˿գֱܿΣӲ˵ˣȥǵЦ⡣кţ    gl
ȡǰ뺿˼ۣȥĻҳȻҡ
šûзϡ
㲻ƴҲûйϵ
ֿ˴˶һڵӣΪɣûҪҪο֮ˡ
̧ͷһգ֮ǰɫ٣ʱȴ͸ȻҲصĵɡ
˵ĸչǸӵģûдĺסѰϲ룬ⲻڳʱϧಫ
⼸죬Ҿǰû¡ᣬ̾Ϣ˼üû˵ʲô
֮󣬳ȴûм˵ȥǰ뺣ҴȥСʦ塣
ɺƽֺЩͬ͸ƾޡ
ȻǱˡЦʣµֽȫ䣬ų뵽£һгһ裬һ룬Ȼ˵˵ɣʲô
šһڲ裬˵¶Ƣʹ˵ʱԼˮƣҲϮ
ʵ˵¡
ֻǵƬΣԹߣǿƵעǵһһȴ˻УһԱԽԽ
˿ʼЩݵƬΣʵֻʮֻأо˳ǧϰٴһҴгʱһαһξãֻ֮취Լѡ
ʲô취ɫص
̯ƣĹ࣬ûκ˺ۣеĴҲ˯ϣԼѪ䣬ƳԷ۵׵Ŀƺѹ֣ԥ󣬱Ŀڵ˼䡣Ҳԥ̫ԣ־ͱһץסܴеۣȴûһ˲;˴ѹֵɤԭԼ
ƺŬŭڷ
ĸоʹĵףЩɬкůͣƱɤȾƵģļҲ΢΢룬һֱָֻԼѲ
һϵˣЩǿӲؿסġ
ԺŪҡԹƵĵ˵˵ѹҲ̫ˡ
˫ǳϤɣ˵ͷ
ȥˣ֮ǰ͵Ƕ˯˼˼ΰɡ
봹һǰ򵥵ķĻ́ԶȾϽƵӰӦá
ʱһ紵زһ֣ĽϻХصĺӰзֳһϸϸİ׹⣬ֻϻƵǰ令סū\ڳУûüƣͱס֡
ǵˡ˽͡
ǵľˡһֻ׻СԺܵͣźصһ졣
׻ܸܵΪȻ֮ǰһŰӰǻŮˡ뵽ǰӦþֻˣջؽлл
ǻԭĵģﻹЩҫл֪ΪܾƵģһֹסɫҲֲŵ顣
Цָǰ׻СףǣҪǻƸɽ
Сףǰ׻ʱعβسһ¡
ǻƸɽʵϲɫһѣԼ
ȻЦǰ׻״˸ۣûʱûʲôգȷ᲻ỹ˹ˡֱԣ츳ڸҲֻԪӤΪͽܡ˵ǸϺȵģһʿܴסǡ
룺û˵ˮ룬Ϻȵġ
׻ַ˸ۣװûɫ֪һݾֱӵִЩ˶Ϊ㻹̨ȷӦѾصƸɽˡ
֪ǰΪҪǣʵ
׻ȴ֪ˣݾԨ԰ķ֣ȥ𣿡
˼Ƭ̣˿򣬼˵ͷлǰʩԮ֡
Ԩ԰Ϊ֮а뿿ĵط
аʿ޶ССͻϡ
Һóڻþо꣬ط뿪ӰѹͷľԽԽģ
ֻֻǼˡ
ͺñȻеľҲֻǻġ
²ӰòգЩİɫΡ
б仯
ͬʱԨ԰һϮïּܵ䣬ɫӦɭֵɫһ£ڴȴԵø롣
Үһеĵͼǰɫü
ոնɹԨ֮ؽ磬֣ͬԨľٹŹҲɫģǰȴֳ쵵ɫʡ
ÿǲ̬ͬЩǺģҶϣ·Ũ޵ȾùƵġ
мƮŻ硣
ȻзȪңǵһμŻȴĲݡ
Ҳ̫ˡֹֿһ۵ͼšü
뿪ȥ˺Լͷĵط˰ûеȵȴһֻɫĻ
Ϲ֮ԨԴòΪ仯ܻβһǻëɫףϹ֮׻ģǱʵ
ҮܿϳǾԨһİӰ󣬾δָǰ׻ȴ¶ӣھɽȸ䡣
ǰ׻û˵ҲûΪѣβһ˦ͽһСϻ˹ﳤȥ
ϻӣһŵͼиСС˽磬һֻɫҵýͷöɽȸ
ϴμԷģټһϢҮԹԷ˵أľˡ
ͼָ˶ɺӴԼԨ԰ôߡΣûǰһºܶ·һĿȻмطص˱עĶӻ
һӱ̫಻թɣҮ˵ǣһӶûϡһͬʱš
ͼ·ߵľͷԨԶֻҪƬӾִܵ
һۣѹ£ܿһյص˼ƮغˮϪˮ֮ϡ
׹˲䣬סûܶ࿴۾ˣʱӳеһжҵ˼ģ塣
ʶĺܳһʱ䣬ҮƺԹԵΪҶӡֱݵ̻ĵغȫ˵ԺԵ֡
ԷĬܾöûشΪԼԽˣմǸ´һһ֣ĸģĽƣĽɽ֮⡣
ҮδǶ̶һ仰аصļɬֻСĸǣĿڳơơ
ĽƣְɣҮĲɵǰǵ̵֦
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ʵûпĽƵĳ࣬ȴס˫۾
һ˫Ư۾۽һ룬ʱȥͺᡣ
뵽˫۾ֻǴҴһƳģʱһȥǵûǵø
ԣҶ۵òòôˣ뵽ſʵҲܻᱻһǲ԰׵ķɫȡ
˵һذɡҮ۵׻һ˿ʹȴֻԼ
ںУǰһĨɫһ£ȴһëԵ͵Ӳ࣬ɢŵ
ʲôˣȵ
ۿ쵽Ŀĵأȴ͵Ϯ⻳᲻ͷŶǸƭ֡
ƭֵҲˣ°Ƹ⣬ǸǺáһ뵽ܣͼ
⻵ŮˣΪʲôҪ˳𡣡
ɤŨܵںҮһǸŮ۾ɵԲԲģΪģɰԵʣһ㶼࣬޺Үܲɢɱ⡣
ЮĽƵһˡ
ҺĴ㲻ҪѪˡҮŭֽǷССĽ綪˹ȥϷŪôãһûأ
ŭŭʱ̲ĿģŮȥͬʱӰһξ͵ŮһֶסԷҪʵģ
⣬Ůλˣܺùֿտա
˭ǺŮʲôû˵ۿһͳ
Үһ㶣ֲԾһɣһ˲ͼŮˢرһֻͨڵɽȸɿûУ漴Цﻹаǻ
㣡⻹Үһвˣգۼͱ⣬޺޵ҧг뽫ǰƬӶˡ
ӳʱǳɫĹâԵ¸֣ƬӶȦУҮеķײ˺࣬ת˲ʧӺ
ԣ̧ۿȥֻïܵԺ󻺻һ޳Ӱͬʱº͵ɤҮﻹ԰ꡣ
ߺˣҮϵѪɫʱ˵øɸɾ


89 
̮, ˺ü, ֻȽɽͷΧ, ͣĲк, Ϊžӵ˽ѣصôɫĽн, ʱľ, дšϿϵδигƣǰţȹƷ, Ǹ򵥵á
ˮһһˢɽͷζϴ, ཬƽ˵ϵѷ, У۲ѿ
ݻٵڶ̶̼վͿʼ𽥻ָ
УһĨӰسɽͷ׵ҹĻ˹ס, κܱ¶ݵĶǵʵʵ
Ԩߵĺ, ԼǧǲԾͣ˭;½ٲסò, һѳ䶨
ϵĺ첼ǰˮ˳ű·, ·ް
עŶһ⣬µֽƺڼŭͷķ¾ɽͷ÷Х
ڸɽʯ챻ʱӺػ˻Σž³һѪѪ絽ϣܿͱˮߡ
½١򡭡ñ´˻Ʊɤֳ顣
뿪ǰڰ׻İ´ƸɽĿǰݣ£û˵ԼǰδҲûڡ
һ;бػҲ鷳
ͳǾͶǰԨ׻̫ԱǰС
⣬ȥˣƵģԼûҲˣһ
ҡҡͷöǿްɽϱųԸ£ҲΪͻƣð뵡Ȼ̬֮ͬҲһ޼ɵ
˫ַϥϣֱͦö˶ģϵĽϻûƵģǰͷ̴׻ĳЦѧЩóȥһڵӡ
𣿡˲Ƚ£Ʈѯ˼
ԥһ£ҡҡͷ
һֹʣȷһӲͬ˱ضҪǳһαѰѲ÷ݵӣǰϣ󣬶һЩ׵֪ΪԳ֮ΪĿ𳤣Լݣⲻ񷨡Ҫóʦļӽѵܾﶼ͸ŹŹֵġ
뿪ˮߣоļʶԶԼΪǳıԻǵʶһȣǻֵֶˡ
֮ǰֻ֪֣δǹΡСû˵䣬֪ͨġһϸ룬ﲻֵɻɽѧղ꣬ɽĶЩԪӤϵĵˣȴδ¶ɫĪ˵ͬǰܱøãȷϳ
սĳʱһЩ󱲵ӣսսģô˵ȴܷΪ󡣶ʱѰͽ϶ǳܲΪȴûôš
뵽ϵ裬ĵҲûܽʲô
ȻˣʦԾӡ
ʲôȻʵ
üԼѡԭԼԷϰȴʼղҪģԼǲˣ㲻ǽһ·ȥʣʦһϤࡣ
ס
ʦҪš׻ֻ
ޣû˵ư͡һŲ£ϴ࣬Ȼһµ֮ǰǹյģȻ޴棬ﾹ͸һ˿ţôͻȻô룿
ȻΪͽʦ֮ʵϸûн̻ʲôԳԼ˼Уÿһ仰ǣ˵úȻ˵Ҫ㣬ǡ
ΨһǴΣǰ⽫޸ϹȥԵʣҳҲԼʱȫˡֻΪ
ʦͽţͷ޶ӿһʧ䡣ʱֱһ£̧ۣϤЦݴС
ڿ𣿡ָָԼüɫģǼʲô
ҡסԭͷĻĪȥ˰ɫ
ûУҪ׻ٶȲ죬вҪ
͵û˻ָ룬ȥ̨壬ӣ˵ͱʦˣ˳ʮʮʦʦ㡣㣬˭ܵʦ
⻰Ǻ˵˵ɳ뵽ΪˣĪЩʶƵı£ȷǾʹ̨ûˣûǳһ鷳
㵹֪֮׻ֵƺЦ
˵ɤ볤麣Ӧǲ뱻׻˴֮ǻȥ̨壬Ҫë
£˵ͷ
ȷ˵ʱӣ겻ڶпܡӣҲͷ纣¥żкӼң˵Ǻһ֮ˡ
״Ц죺˵㵱ʦҲͽܣóζͶ໥֣Ϊ飬񡣡
飬
ʲôͷỮò˿˿ůĪЩңʶͷܿĿ⣬šһ
ЦЦȻ˵㻹ǵҮ𣿡
ǵá
ӳʵء
ΪΣɵҺûп
Ϊ£һ˻ȥƵն죬ͨκβãһĪչ֮ʣҮþ²˳ٻ𣬲һϲʿҺСǼʱϵȻҲûӵ
ԭȥˣӦúллǡ
䣬ǰ׻Цһɻؿһ򣬺߱˸ҡҡͷԲӦ䡣
ųƺѳ⣬ҮŻ·
ѣĪҶ˵ҡҡͷ˵гˡ
սĳУǺͷ纣¥һ˷˵Ҷѻгǣסҡ
ҾͲ֪ˡЦЦ˵
˴̸һºȻͻ˼£ԭǰ׻ˡ
˵ʲôĻأ
ŵХıԹЦúø·ʲô¡
ŲҰ㶪ȥ
һ˲䣬뾹ǰ׻ĿʶʱѺǰ׻һһ
ǰ׻ƺϲСסƺκһһСסŻ뵣ǴһѣʾҪ̫֡ѵ̫ˣǰ׻βһ˦ɨһҵķ磬׼زסӽȥ
ɣ׻
һ˲ֻ·ɣȴǳҲ˳ȥһѽסһתȵز˷ɽϡ
ˣһСǰˣҲ㡣˶򣬿ѵЩֻֻάȼ֡ԴԼֻ΢ӱǼܲԷʱ
˫ǳĵӰһ˲㱡
üЦ۵һ󾹵ôߵعųĲ˶Уֻ˼Ц˭֪ǰᶯ֡
Ǿ¶ԸߵӽԼȻˣⲢǵһηںˮʱҲӵκǰһȻеûʲô˶סˣһθֳҡ
ͷƳ۳ı飬ۣЦ
׻ܻһ޲ýɽͬϵĵһƷ£ԾצɰͰ͵ɣ·Ҫ
š
ص׻ϣԾɱųֱۣûƿֻȥԼ¶˶ãۿʼϢ
һۣ첲ϵûˣֻʧŲ˵ط˯ˡ
һпջ
򰲾˯գƱƻ㣬ָֻ֣̽ڼԷʱͣ£ȻЩ룬ճԷü۵
УָġĹ켣Ҳԭģֺ޲֪УЩӡƵĴС
ĵǴػϢٶȴ𣬱ǰҡ
ֻɻЩ֪롣
ȥһжһ㱡ǴõСʦ壬еҲֻһңԶӰֻ򣬲ģӰӣģĺۼ

飬ֻ֪Լþɡ
ʦλʦĻڶСƺЩˡ
в׺Ϊʱʦ˾һжΪܳǸǰСͽҲԼףʦΪҪ̨壬Ϊıܹκκµǣɡһڵĳ룬óɴĳ롣
Ϊʲôأ
ɽ֮ǰ£ȥ˼£ȴֽǸ벻ͨ²͸
ֿһ̾һĬһ󣬾˼ҳһţԼ˹Ϣ
Ĭſھɢڸһ£תһȦԴԴϻ麣
֪ΪΣ麣ƺûء
Ȭֳ˲ҩֻϢָܻЩ麣󣬾ͺţ뺣Ƶģת˲Ӱ麣ʼտտģôҲ
׻űתƺҲ˳ĵָ㼸䣬ϸһ̽󣬱ɫ¶֮ɫ
⡢Ҳ̫ˡ


90 
ԨȥԶ, ʮ, ׻ųԨϡ
ʿļһԨ԰֮ɲ, ֻ֪֮޶, ǵĳԼǵء
Ԩۣ֮ڤ, Դͷĩλںδ, ˵硡
Ԩˮļ̽ףˮ˸ɫ, ƽǳС
˰ߣ׻ͣ, ˴Ϲػ, ˮȥᱻˮС
˵ˮУˮףɰ׻ˮλֻһ߶, һ̤ˮкŷֽ¾һ·ˮ޷ʶ, ǳȹ̣˿ˮӰ졣
Ϊ·
ⲻ·׻͵ǽ֮ݷʱµΨһͨ
Ƿֱǰõ, Ϊ֮ʿԵʣвؼأ޴Ҳ˽Դ, ׻ȴԴ䣬Ҳ֪ϹĻȷд¡
ʱս峤ϼŻɽɽڶ䱦ȡ룬ʱڱսϾʱԨԨֻɽһͨĺδۺӶ԰ɺʱ֪ʲô֮ɽˡ
һƵġ
ܹ԰ľȴ޷ɺӣʹҲֻȻһһͻʧ֮䡣
ڴҶϹµĽ磬ʵǱˡ׻߱ߵġˮУˮκθı䣬һûУֻɿͨͨ
ͨԨ֮;ݵľͷ֮±㲻磬Ľ硣
Ϊβͨʵ
׻ЦǵȻ룬Ƕ԰ȴһˣնʮ೤ϣ岻ǰһ
벻̾һˣ˵ã
ʱĴԶº߱նʮ峤ϣǿҲⱾ¡
׻ģȻҾеƣȻ˼Ĳǡ˶٣ԭƵɤѹøͣ˵ֻˡ
ˣ
Щֻʮپ˵⣬׻ֻû죬ͽɽȥϽ硣
¶Цⰵ˰Ʋ״ʵʹÿǽ
ҿɾͲ֪ˡ׻ߵ˶԰˦˦βͣȥ뿪ˮһˮնûմ
һ뵽ԴеڣһۣʵĪǾ轣֮ˣ
ܰɡЦЦЩģʱƺҲԵϣô֮ǰ£ԶﴫҲϡ¡
롰šһ룺ҲĲֻһ鷲ˣˣԼ˾޵ʣ΢糾棬ʿĵƺҲǺء
һ֮ʲô
óзɺӿڱԵ͵һֹֻĸоϯȫͷմеӳİˮƣʲôƵ̽֡
ֻǻδͱһɴ˦˰
ֲҪ𣡡׻һۣûʲô赲ԽһŻʧ
ҡһţ뿴˿Լ֣ڱ׻һ˲䣬Լƺ˽ޡ
޵ĹɲǱŴˣȴʲôʣӰӶʣƻþ㡣
Ѳǵһָо
еɤôˣ
һ£Ҳ֪
ʱ׻ڲͷкǿЩӦһȥͷһԨ¶˼顣
֮ɽŮңңԵһɽͷǧһžɵͼףڤ˼롣
һƤֽʰɫԵëëڲڵģмɫԼ¾ԶʱڣƤֽ֣粢ʿعľ÷ͼηУҪֱʶȡ
һöССһУɼӵᣬװΣʿֽī
һƾɵƤֽ㶪ڷҲûʲô˻࿴һۣǧȴܿأĦʱ΢ţ𴦡Ǳʿ֪ûŶһƤֽ䱦ҪﳰЦ֪ǾƤֽʲô϶Цˡ
۵Ƥֽǻڵ֮Ľס
ԿϣԴйһƾ꣬дڷƤֽϡ
ɫֽһƣʹ໤һһ˥ȥҲٴͻ᳹׻ɷĩ
չԼĪһɳ涼ˣһΪУһķš
ͼαʾзţڵϰǶͼ編ơò˵еȷףżףǳѧҲƾһ«ĽӦΪԼʿԽȴԽѣһʮнƣǻڵӶֹ֮ڣǰŵǧƾΪѧʮУԼ֪ԼյЩ״ĽԣƤëû衣
֮ӰȻʱΪչǵĩҪ˵ֵһᣬԨһʯӾܴĽĪ˵Ǻ͵һȣͽܳ붼硣
Ī˵꣬Ǹǧ궼޷ﵽǰľ硣
ڽ֮˳룬֮壬ԨûΪѣǾ÷´û뿪Ů帽Էʱ֮衣⼸գûǷ˼Ľ˼֮¶Ҫ죬ЩĻ䣬Լеķģ͵طǷĺͽһķЩơ
ȡϸϸ
Ľ֮һֱƤֽУǿ̵ϣΪЩŵԵʡɵĳ˼Ƥֽƾɣͼ׿̵̵ķϣ޷ؿ̳Щţ̺ȻܿһӻЩǶǵĶ϶ЩűȻͻƾĹؼ
֮ɣؼڵϲĽӰ˵ǱȴĽĽƣֻǴ˼̳нʱϵĲӰѾɢƾϵĽ񾳽ͻƣԪľǰ꣬ڿĹеĺ壬ȻǱȥµҪز京塣
֮һֱǧǰſɽɣΪ˶ĺѰźԵʣǴ˾Ѱ翪ɹɵ֮󼸴ҪڴϣԼǧȻϵķţȴû뵽ס
ʱֻǴҴһƳֻǼеĽףƺȷơ
ԨӰŸĪŵĺ壿
ܽ⿪ЩŵĽҪڣľ˵ܸ̾һ㣬֣֮ԴΪҲδɣţвɵһϲСǾƤֽŻرУ޲뿪ƵԨǰʸ
˭ûƶΣ֮ɽϺؿò̱
̧ͷѹµգиֳ͵ǡ
ȻûܸܵΪ֮ɫԶƵŭ
ʱһ죬֮ҡ󣬾Ůһɽը÷飬ʯûУֻһգ۹ͻ˷ĩԭʵĵƱ˿տĵ͵ء
ֻԨд˵ȹ
һ侲ݣξŭһɽΪƽأ׷ʲô£
ǧҧҧŮȥֻеĿϲȴ࣬ܿӿͷ
ŮǰﱻΧһȦˣÿ˿Ǿ̲ģཻŻɵĿ⣬ֻû˿ڣÿ¡
һֱ˺ü죬ȻǧԨӻȥͼϿһڣˣͶĿĽҲв¼ɣԼҲ֪ǸǻԥƬ̱ӲͷƤ˽ȥ
ԨӲǰŭݣɫǺƽͺûгֽһɽƵģվǸˡ
ƺˣȻ죬ǧܸоϢ֮ǰμһЩĵˣѵ鷳뵽ԷǼԼͻȻ̸̬ȥģ㷲
ɳ壬벻ʲôԾģοҲʮַ˼²ʱԨӵ𣬴ĺ˼롣
˻˳롣ˮһκû⼧ǧеķӦûĴڣֻľȻ˵ԼĴ㣬ķ޷޸Ҳߣֻʣһ취Թһԡ
ʲô취ǧиоǺڶԼĪһ䡣
Ԩ΢΢ǰ㣬ڿ˼ǧУ˵ӵеĶ˵Ĵ䣬һһٵ
ҪĽףǵӽƵĶˣóѧĽ˵ת


91 
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仰뼧ǧж, , ŵصɴ, 촽΢΢, ȴһֶ˵ԼˣãȻ𾪵ͶԨ, ȴԷɫ侲, ûκν͵˼ֻڵ׽
侲, ûа˿ҡո˵ֻѰĻˡ
ǧͻȻ, ΪԨӻᱻʿϣͻƵǸ
Ҳñȹºߺïָ, һýǼٳ֮ˣȴרעǸ
ºߺïֶٶ־Ԩ˼벢Ϊ֮ŬΨеһ£ΪﵽĿģʿ֮Ļ, ö̹֮ͼı, 񿪿Ҫκζκ
ᱻƶаңһжָһ, ԿҲǿȡᣬֻҪܴﵽǸĿġ
κ¡
ɡǧս˫ȭɤӷ, ֻص޵֮ǰĸоʱǷ֮κνž¶Ӧ˶ǿԼ˵Լ޷ŷĽڣǻڵ֮
ΣȻԨ̷ʵɺ侲ᣬڴƣʿĻҲǰһ
гɣȷڴ˽縴ˣڱ档
ܼ򵥣Ǵ˼֮˭׽ǧҧҧ¹ش󣬿ҽ׷һ˳УҿǼգ
뽣У֪ǽʲôӡ
Ͼ˭õ⴫ĽһźƤֽأ
ֻҪֽԨҲ޿κΣֻһʱ֮˵Ѱý֮ΨԨӦ˵ŵôҳ
޷ú롣û뵽ԨһڴӦˣͻ˻Ϳͣдʶޡ
лӡǧﻹйƽЩϸڣֻظƵ뿪ˡ
翪һʧȥټý£һֱĬĺ˺İ𣿡ɳˣ̶̼оͲ˺üԣ˵òᡣ
׵ģ֮õĻԨȴ˵ɫ¶ԺţûжԼľκλɣʣٿǧ꣬Ҳ޷ȱľ磬βתеߣóƣ̨һϯ֮λ
˵󼸸֣Զĸƣҫų־ɣƬ̺ջߣʵҵ𣿼ƻб䣬ԽϰԽá
ʱСסؿڣɳƵɤ¶һ˿⣬ʱ½˵ĵطǾڣҽʣɹ޷ʩ
Ԩź̾һֻüǰȥ̨ˣҪǻƸɽֻм·ߡüͷ΢ɻ½٣ʲô
Ⱥ˻ش뵽ʲô۵ӹһ˿⣬ݣ
ûУ´˵ˡ˷һɬЦûҪǿ
ԨЦ˭Ҳκƻ
һ٣ǿƵظκˡ
δ֮ɽ£Ѿ͵ĺ⡣
Ԩ԰ΧԼչּƻһ֪֪ңԶĺ֮ɽԼѾ½Ĺؼ
ȻǸļƻУֻǸǣľżˡ
ɺӺ󣬰׻ûƬͣųֱԨĳɽ
ɽΪҡɽصһ֣֮أ׻ԵĽݾҡɽµķС
벻Ϊ֮нݾͨ󣬵׻޶⣬Ҳûʲôתһ룬Էвɸ˵ĿģʵҲӵˣԾٸ׵ͷרע˹Ϣ
ֻ麣֮ٳûл⣬䲻ڷʱĸоȥԶ᲻ΪһѷԵʡ뿪ԨûôЦ٣ר־˼ʲô˵Ҳ٣㲻ȥ
Чļ٣ȴǲ꣬ȨǴϾʱ´·֮ķ羰
ĻľĶһɫǧٹ֣ʱʱ̶̿ƼĶһƳһֽŵơ
ƺʶǾ˻֣ѽѽǵطǴƬرʪҲ֪ô
ƱҪԴͷһʱ˼УҲЩŹֵĹ⾰
Ҳ֪ʲôƳһ˫ǳеȻЩ̫ˡ
ʵ򲢲ʱ޿̨̻ܶ࣬ѧʱΪĥ仯һ¶һԲֻʱĪ˵Ǽ²˵Ǽ겻˵ù죬ڣЩ̫ϰİ
ʶ룬۵׷һ˿㵡
ʱǰ׻ءסһȻӿ˲
Ȼӿķ䣬ɻֻ̧ۣϾƵĽ棬ʱľС
ǰǱ޴ĲӽƵģϱֵ۶ϣЩ𣬴汻ϵĹľһ⡣
Ȼǰ﷢һս
ҲԳ˼лع񣬼ǰĲ״ô£
׻û˵ͳĺͷųǿɢ֦ҡŽµضε·һ̾Ҫɷĩ
ʱһɫӰ˳붨һǸŮþǽга˾ŷ
ĪãܿͲŮɢŵɵõ˵ͷĵȻޡ
ΪԶǺŮû̷ֳǣСıһ̸ڵ֮صϵľ޿ƺо֡úʶˣһͶĿ⣬׻ȴһ¶ЦݣֽеС׽㣬ˣ
ѵúܡ
Ƴ۰׻ЩȣԭĽСס
׻ϵëˢһŮ˵˶ٴΣҪСףҷʵ㣡
ףǰΣյѹѵȻ޴棬ȻǼŮ֪ʱ޷յԵʡ
ȥڣЯ֮ҵǼҲҪ÷۴⣬Ůȫ޾ɫٽǰЦӯӯġ˵ʱʱ죬ֻǹڵĺۼŮ㴦ûȴƳһâһ˲һССĺӰѵ˲׻ǰ
ֻȭͷСɽȸͬڣëɫͳһģһΪ֮ǰͲ³ǳĽãԳûоֻ֣һԲעɽȸͰ׻һһ
С׽㣬ôƢ᳤ƵġɽȸŰ׻תһȦɤһһأ˵Ļȴκ˶ס
׻ССѧõģѧЩ컬࣬Уҽһô£
׻ӣҪҧˣȴһЦŤͷһ͵Цˣ͵͵ǺŮ˸ƣɽȸ˾һԴ⼫ˡ
ζͶĸĪ볤ԺƳֻı飬ŮĻԾ˵ͷ
ҪΪ仰˵ġ
ġɽȸ׻Ц˼䣬;ͣɲ˵˼֣Զش캳صľ죬ǳƣǱɽУţһǳɫĲȻƽԶɽֶˮУ󣬱Ǿʯֳ֮Ĺâֱ
ǰգǹâȴҫۣڲд²ĥӡ
ɽȸһ㵽˰׻󣬶׻ѹӣٶȳ֡
Ƿʲô⣬Ĺƣ֪ΪΣԼϢЩϤ
δϸ룬ͼӰһǰһ֡סһһ˲˷۵糸ǰ
һʱס
ʶһŭһڵľӣҫŹƺ鹥һ˵ģҮײײܿڰ׻ߵӣȻï֡
ݣմ˲ҶʵЩǱƳһͬҲһ㶣ӣֵѽλСѴݹ٣һᡢһᡣ
Цúǰһֻ͸ЩΡ
ҮҲǣԲۣеôˣ
ǡͣȴˣȵѣôҲ⣿
ѣҮһ˼⣬ŭݸһת澵ӾͶ׼򣬡ïֵĵ̣ǹȻˣֲҵ
ôôӣԹһһߣЦʲô֪Ҫȴ꣬ٺͣ
׻εûˣֻҮïǰ棬ж׼Ү
֪ԼΪ岻֣Ȼ״һͷˮҲû˵ʲôֻɫס򣬷ֹˡ
ע⵽ֻɽȸҲһ㵽һߣͣϣǵز˲ƺϲ
ΪͶ뵽ɽȸϣֶԷǡҲŤͷԲ۾гζȻ
ǱߵĽţƺԳȤ
뻹ûüɽȸΪҪԼ;һأԷĵϣƵڶ
С㣬ÿȳ˵ûÿҽǳĽ㣬СǸŮˡָָҮȻúܺÿ̫ˣҲϲС㿴ȽϺá
ÿ
ʶһۣ۵׵Ц⣬ؾöЩ̡


92 
ڶੲ, ֵܳƵ, ȴԵЩĲ, ˼һ뱻򴽽ǵЦռ, һҮȥע⣬ȷ˵, Үеľӡ
֮;ǾӼ, ࿴˼ۺǽþľӡ
ʰ˽Σͨ, Եֵġ
ˮµĳǺʱͷӲһ, ૵澵ӡ
ʲô, ȴǰ˰벽΢࣬Ӷ˳ǰĿбǰսǵЦɢɢ, ƶʲôΪƵ, ˵Ҳһ٬ƾӽа˻ľ棬𿴺ڲīһ, ʵɵбҲ֪˭Щ͵¡
ҲɵɫҮԼӳ, ôƺչ鲻̫á
龰ƻصǰÿÿˡʱܻ᲻䷳ؾ
Ȼӣʼãһ£Ǵб
ҧرأǰ޵Ļ˵Ī͸ɳŪС
䣬ЦЦöỹ˻ӡ
ëգָ̧˸ĳС굽ģߴߴСЩҸЩůĹӡ֮ġ
ЦЦƳһۣˣлвû뵽ķš
ǰľ̬Ȼص˵ͷ
ïֵӿȸʱֻʣһɣʹˣǰ׻ӦܿסҮǣ棬ȴҮռϷ硣
ԼĪǲ˳ˣ֮ïֺҮղתƵ˼Զɽ󣬶ʼձɫ֣ǰ˻ľе
ֲòżŮ˾ôࡣᣬûжԴʲôȡ֣
㣿Īǻˣ
ûüʣ;ɽȸһӰһƳͼԴƺʲôԺ˫ԲԲ۾¶Թ
ΣգQŵצڳϹ˼£·ڼʲôֻһǱвƵģίίޡһſ˳ȥ
ת˲ûɽֻµӰӡ
ôˣ
ǱԸȥʲô˰ɡЦЦû棬һֻϷı顣
뵽鲻ԸģȷǱȥ£Ȼʱ˵ϣԭΪǰ׻Ǵ̬ƺˣʵĪǵϣұʱӦҲڸ
ԴĿ˼Ƭ̺ҡͷҾͲˡ˵̾һֵֻ뿪ط
ɹԨֽĿõһУ벻ɵõ˵ͷҲǡ
ǾһƵ־磬ԷĶԹ޴Ӳ֣ҲûǸȥ֣ջƸɽϲߡ
ʱע⵽ɫƺȻ룺ѵǰ˻ľڵľˣ
ʱïֺͰ׻һǰһЩǱïȻµģʹǷݵȻЩ
λЦˡ˹֣˵Ϳ
ע⵽ȳѪĭȻԪ𣬿ɵʱԨֻסĹûಫֻЩ̶ȵĽˣЩľ磬Щûָˡ
׻ïֳסӣǰצһһ²ŵ棬Щꡣ
뿴׻ɫΪǰԵʣڵͫԲεģҹ䣬ͻһϸߡ
ʯһͷͷעŰ׻ǰ䣿
ïֵͷһۣ¶ãȻ֮ɫû˵𣿡
׻ŭصһۣ˵
ʱһЦȻû˵ŶԳգգۣ˸޵ơ
һʼЩȷïֺķӦ֪Լ˵ˣ򣬲һ֪Ϊβң
ԼûԼ͸¶Ĳ
Ц⣬˳ӣɤе㶪ҲҪ㡣
׻һ棬»ƺ죬Ȼ˿ᣬԹԼ˵ԼôϵʦܱܲͽܿȥԼèӡ
ˣͺһٶȥʣ
̯̯֣˿ûηģ״͵Ųһ²ӣƺ˵ʲôʱ빰ֹ˸񣬿елȡһӰѰĻ˻ȥ
ïʱԲЦȣλСѼƽϸ֮²ؾ࣬Сסա
뻹δڣͰƴǵססЩ뿪
ïֶʱ⵹Щɡ
ԭǵһ󣬿ֱصסլǱǰ˵Ľݾ͸¶Լݣ㽫͹ǴӴ뿪㱻һڵʼҲֻܳһ
ֻвƣǵִʱպҮïִ֣ïֱƵ¶棬ǴҲڸղŵĴбˣҪһûѲʱա
ǲסҲסˡЦһ
ȴʵǰΪλĪʲô᣿
˵ïָЦƳһ۰䣬˸ۣûһǻ˼ֻܼ˵ȥҶҮаͬˮǲֱԣֻ˸취ֻûܽҮﱻȥϢˣԺһ˵ġ
ԭˡ˵ͷֵǰҪΪѡ
ïֺͰ佻һ𾪵û뵽ֻ²Ǹĳ뾹ῪΪ飬ãïֲӦǵȻ
˵ϸϸ¶֮⡣
벻֪Ǻ⣬ʶȥע⵽˼ֱۣȻïֵǰ뵽ʲôͿЩ˵ɡ
ïֻع񣬱ǸЦЦ͵ðֻǴ̫ʧ̬ˡ
ʲôʵ
ï룬룬麣֮ࣿ
뱻˵Уһ̹Եǡ
ȻˡȻˡïϲϡ䱦㣬Ҳ˲٣ɣһǡÿ
ҡ
һѣȻʱ߲ˣȥ
šӦˣǰ˼ͷûиϣŲʱͣ¡
俴˼ȥôͽҪ÷󡣡
ߵռˡȴûиȥ˼ǳ˵ͷȹȥɣȥǷ󡣡
ô˵ˣ䶥в䣬Ҳ˺򣬱Ӧһïɽȥ
ïֽ쵽ɽһߣһУ׹һ˱ʧˡ
ȥһǹͽôһӱôࡣ
Դ̫⡣򳰷˵ʦһûˡ
һԴһӵˣŻţȻͽͽﵱˣôͽܣҿɲϾϵ
ôӻôСһɡһ䣬̾ˣƽϣҸطһɡ
ڴӣ䡰šһһ㣬Ƶɽȥӱش꣬ͷش˴֣һ䡰ƨ¡ʹҡȥ
׹ɢȥһ˲ֻӭϮԴԴ˳
ˮǴһ㡣
δܹǿƸɽκһø棬ؾɽͷ޷֮ȼ硣
ǰİĻȣǰͻȻʡ
ӳýһĹǲ˽ܣէһ·һֻиԷֿһȪˮˮ۳峺׵ˮ̶ӳһ֦һҶ续
ľïֵص޵ʶڴ
ָָ֦оһ𣬹һƽ̹֮أ˴˵ɣɽ麣𡣡
ΪΣ벻⡣
麣ٳٲû⣬˵Ϊϡ麣Եʡïֽ͵ѴƿھԾŻ㡣
ʿջۡѭ򽥽ؿ麣ÿÿϣɳȴǶ̶̼ھĽչ麣СϪؿΪ󴨣ԭĵϢ֮ԶԶˡ
磿૵ûоʲôһ
˵ҲԵɣϾչʿһûڶïЦЦԼĪľйذɡ
ľǰֳ뿪һһΣšһ
ȷǺͬˡ
ø࣬ø࣬Ҳࡣ
ʦҪô
г
𵱳ص봹ۣ룺ԭ
л󣬴ǰ֪ݻ㲻γ޿ɺϡ


93 
ɣ, ľ, Ϊ, , 콫ɽȥϽ磬֮һ类Ե, ҡɽһ˫ľ, γһԶʤ𴦵Сء
֮һ꣬ɱʿǰ, ΪԶԵʣľϹķ, һ˫Ȫ, ԳƵǸض죬֦Ǵ˴֮أʿ벻ïֿھҪǰϾĵط˹Ϣ, ǵָһ˲
ȴվԭ, ʵǰΪβԼˣ
ãͱչزˡïԪȴ, ·޹ؽҪƵġ
̲סʵ֪ǰܵʲôˣ
ƽïй֮⣬οҲ, ֻǷ˰ˡ
ԪشǼɢïӻط֣ҩԻ飬鼱ֻ֮ѪԪ䣬˫һͨԴΪĴסǣһһ޷ΣǱôǱסҮý֮ҩòðԪ
ѪΪͬ˹һˣһһͬеܱסһ
εȱλиˣԴֻڹżУᵽһ䣬û뵽ܹۼ룺ѹΪ˲˹룺гǵΪ˼һȴԸǧΪ¹Ī⡣Ǹпá
ïЦЦü𣬹ճˮƵ繺᣺ҵĽ֮ᷢޣԵǲ벻
뿴۵׵⣬顱֮һȻԾͷ
У˶ĿʹȻʿǵΪնָͬһ򡪡Ϊ𻯵ɡ֮಻ףԼΪ֡󲿷ֵ½ĽĲ飬ǵֻ˫޹ˣᷢ˷ϰףᷢͬģΪΪֻ乲ȴвէΪ壬ϸƷ֮ȴر
ʤ۶ϡ
һ˲ǧͷӿͷ벻Щʧ
ȥɣˣ»֪ͨ㡣ʱï˵
˵ͷï뿪Ծ֮
һţӦïãӦҡɽߴҰ¿до۵ףԶܿԨԼĪͶԵʣеһһݶܿ
һ۾ͿһϤıӰֻСߵһǰʱͣ²ӣػͷҡɽ뿴۵ЦЦ飬ڵ٩һ㣬͵ջĿ⣬֮ŷӦԷӦÿԼǱ߿ȥȻʧڽ
̾һ˸ĿڣЩ׽ڲвһֱ֪͸ĶԼˡ
ĪĽͶеʯӣϸСȴٳٲͣЪɼˣǲĿͶƬ磬·ﻹĳӰ
ǺžïֵסЩƣ޷ڲģ˺һﶼûʲô̾һջߣ׿ҵ˼¿ʼϢ
ͬķЧȴͬնֻԱ֮ӿ麣ܿ죬ʶ̫֮βƵϣһж⡣
ʢʱ麣нһ
뿪ɽïֻһۣпƵ̾һֿ˼һȥ˺ɽ
СĩһʯڣƼӲޱȣïȴֱ˽ȥʱʯиӹܿͻָƽԭֻǻ
ʯںһͨԺԺҮϺƽ˲˪Ƥ̧һ£
˻ľⶪڽ£ϵƲڣһڡ
û뵽ָʹֻɽȸ˻ï֣ʱһ¶⣬ܿ챻ïסȥɽһĶѨԷƺһʱû˺˼ʱɫ˼䣬ֻǲ˵⣬ï־ʲô°Ҵ뿪ˣһȥǺü졣ǶѨвõúʣ˳ڱסֱëһʱ²͸ïִʲô⡣ĽƣȻïû¶⣬ǲҵģ˺üζ޷ȥ֮ʺ˻ľʶϹ֣ɴĥ˻ľķӣеǿȥ
Ҵ˺һӣïֲű棬һֺԷ֮ԥ֮ǡ˳ƶԼٶȱƭ֮±㲻档˻ľȡ˼һжȴռϷ磬˭ûöԷ˰취ס˾еûа˻ľܿͰ
ԺͼǰĶѨһҾ߲ˮһӦȫïԱ֮ȴûа˼ϢľƵԭأïǰŶ˶
㡣ï¶ΪѵɫʵڻǲȣǰҴҴ뿪ΪͻȻ񻯣һֱҹкת
ô֪㲻ƭҡҮҧҧ´¶ʵɫ
ï̾һƭʲôôֻԪӤ֮壬ȴ½һûеɢǴңȫҩһ
Үһֻ֪ͣĽ˵úأȴ֪ôأΪԷֻԼӵָܻ
ҡۿܿоһˮǿŲֻǷӿҪǼ֧顣
ظţ˾ǿԲ֮ġ
˼ս̵ĺˮ
ïиֳ֮⣬ȴֻܿЦ˼ɰЭ̾ɣȥһ棬ǲ֪
Үжʱɣۣ˵ͷնӦãҲᾪ
ĽƾסԺλڷһξ룬ҮĽų̣һգ۵Ĺ
ï󣬽绺˽ȥĹȵӳ
òͬвֻһլԺɢɢ˲ٷݣǸС䡣
ϲ޶ס⡣ïȥ߽߱͡
ڹ·ϣҮΪһΪ޶ײУɵŷ֮ȻҲкԴһƽ֮ء
е޴ǸջεСΪ⼫ԱҮЩСܰ׷ӱܣֻҶڰ͵͵뵽ֻƻȸʵֻȸҲڴ˴ʲôҾǺһ㶼񡣡
ïЦڷ糤ģһλλȥԶˣиҡ
Үԭˡһ䣺ֲôӡ
֮½½Щģɤĵ׵ĵǺͽſѹֻòͣЩתԼ⣬ïֿ飬ûбֳκβͷе¶֮ɫ
ǼľϽǣ滭˷޷Դ룬ҮҲ޷̽оֻܿŨصÿïһڷϵӰʱӳС
ȥߺͿۺǸ˵ǼˣҲҪʻ֡
Ү͵ǰ̤һɲïֹҡҡͷ˫ƶ˵ϣҲ޷ǰŲ˿
ǸˣˤǿƴϵһʩͻữƬ
Ѿ֪ĽΣɶŵֻƬȣֵһᡣ
ˮнӹ𾪺Ͱӵⲻ꺮䣬ҮȴʱĺԶڡڱƵƵܾʱûиܹ˿̹ǵʹΪʱĽ֮Һö˶ϣ⸱ģ
ʱвȴһѪɫޣ԰׵þֽӷϵǽͻѪⶼĥֻʣһƤҡ
ãɢԡеˣϢϡ
ĽԭαСȻ䣬Ƹܵʲô۾ƫͷ
ҮΪҪԼˣʶ㿪ȴïסڱȷ˻ġ
룬ԪӤʿ˵ߣĽȴģӰӶ
зɳĽƼͷߴߴ˵ЩʲôĽЦģֻǴˡЦûˣ˫۾Уһˮûа
ܾ𣿡ҮɤӵŵԼеѪζոΪ˲Сҧ⡣
ïһ֣Ժ±Χеľع鵽֮һԲȥ
Үûзϣĵ׶ʱֳϣ첽ȥܿ죬˻صҡɽŵУҮ̤룬ï־罫Χ
һʼ̸ģֻ˼աïֵɤƽȣ侲κ
̸ʲôҮȻԼٶ뱻ľ棬׷ʵ
㻹ǵã˵ĳïֵҩпܾȵֻһȱһζҩ
ҩΪΪѪ


94 
Ϲһڶ, 鲼˻ĺ, жȥϽ, ½Ҳ伣, Ψ˻ȺӲ塣
˾סУԶ½, ԵҴ, Ľ½ط͵͵ϰ뷲˹ӣһٶصļء
˵, òɣⲻȾ׳, ҲһЩ, 飬Ըż֮ࡣΪ˳٣֪ʱʳѪഺĴ˵Ǵ˵ڷ磬Ҳ磬Դļء
ǿ֮Ѫ, ·ܼ֮Ѳ, ҲԽһЩʿ̰ҮԸ¶ݵԭ
ïҪѪҮͫһ, ɫϲ԰ף󣬴һĨ̵ЦҲЩ𣿵֪, ҵѪҵԷ˵Ǿ綾ʿǿѪҲƱػѪݽ߶
г˵ʿУͶ¯ҵʿʱλǴʿҲѪڣʣһƤҡ
ʿ˶ҪɳôסҮۣԽԽֻͣʣ᲻ŵૣ񶼻ţȴŲʵʵΡ
ïȴû¶ı飬֪㣬ֻʦԵĳνˣңֻǹעһĶע̾һ۵ٶȸֳ֮⣬½֮Ի֣С
Ү͵ս˫֣еŷŭ⣺㣡ĻۣЯž鱼ïţ㾹ðƭң
ïһϮĹ̾ͱߣֻڵ˼ǳǳĹκۣվıֱºֻͣǹºȴɭϵϢŮѹֵĺ⣬ؿЦ̾ϢƵҵȷͼҲƭ㡣
ͼʲô
ï˼ӹɬ󻺻ʧȥǵѪĭҲҪǳ
䣿Үӹɫ뵽ʱһֱԻģʾˣ¶Ȼ֮ɫԪ
ïֵ˵ͷü価Ȼ
Ľƺ񣬵һۣȫïԶΪԴԴ϶ǿסһԪشǿۣвзɢΣգïͬʹжԪ̫أ޷ΣʶҲ˥ˡ
Ȼͬݣɳһ죬ޡ
Ү뵽Ƿбģ˸սǰΪĴɥʧΪޣ룬οïֽͬǽΪ̶ȵѣ綼С
ҲӦһʼɱɣŲΣ²ï˵⣬ȻЦˣҮеᣬƫƫԸ
ǧָҮ޷ɵð룺ҡҵĻ
ǰظֳŮӰԼ߻űʧռݵ˵һЦʱΪˣûмĽЦء
ҵһһݣп޸Ԫ޸ĽƹԪӤһïע⵽ʧȴƣǼĽƹֻгпܾһԹҩɺ㣬ʱҪ𣬾ܹͺá
һлᱨ𣿡Үһ㶣ȻïֵĻЩ롣
ǰ˵ʶѪ˼໻ïЩƺˡ
ѵΪҪѪ𣿡ï뵽֮ǰᣬɵþЩЦǴʿҲ޷οǵΪԶ
֮һתֵ˵ȻҲòȥʧʹǱصĻʲô̶ȵӰ죬Ҳ˵׼˵Ҳ඼˵ˣ㻹ʲô֪𣿡
Үҡҡͷ
Σ
Ͱ˵İɡ
ԥĻӦïԾȣҮһ˾ƣƬ֮ǰҪïƴ
ïЦЦӦõǿ죬Ҫ࿼Щʱ𣿡
ɴ꣬ЩΡҮӣֻҪƽͺá
лҮˡïֵֹл֮ȥɻû߼ͱҮס
뵽ʲô¶˼ɫҲӦΣ
ïֻһپͼȥЦɤƮƮһ䣬ҲλֻҪټžˡ
ҮһЦȻа޶һ֮ѡ
ͷԼ󣬰Ƥ΢Ѫ
̲ʣȴΡ
ҡɽ󣬰һԵߺк͹뱻ĵѨȻۻ˷֣תһȦҽҵľʯͷɨֱߵĿյϣȻ磬һȥ;ֱȥˣïֵӣõúֻ࣬ԺǰҪС࣬ҲδһܵĽ磬ֻŲ֪ŵ޷߽ȥֱӽֻٵ֣˭벻ȥءμĵķλ߹֣ɫӰԾ
ڳߣϸһͣ°ͣﶪʯӣҲ֪㣬ǲ㡣
㵹ġһߵſ£һѾˣʲôʱȥʻ
ٵȵȰɡֶ˿ʯӣ㾪ܣҲֻӣǵָͷ˲ˣʳʲôأ취
̾˿ʲô£ֻϧѱһһС£ƾͲǶˡ
ǲлȥллһλˣҲû̲³նƺǵóʱ£˵ˡʱϳʵ˵ҩмɰգ
˵ɡ仰иֳ⣬ֻҲǼ٣Ƿ̫ӣûԹ
һγԵķӣͦˡ
̧ͷĵģúЩʱգҪʱܽľΪãǷӲЧۣ͵ɤǻ粻ķ㶯ְɣĳ̫
ʯӵֶ˶٣ǳһ˲˰ָֻܿΪ²ؼĮȻһ̴ٵЦǷ̣֮׳еʯӣˮʱصһá
֮ʮľɽͷֱ֣ɽֱͩȾƣƬҶ£ڵ϶һһ㣬ɽҰϲӽɫ̺
½վͩ룬̧ͷһı̿ա
ٹٶ꣬ͻһΪ֮棬ɵϢһֹ꣬ܵʮ꣬ˣݴ滹Ϲżżڶرһܴͻơ
ˮ˷˲ལ˶Ϊǲˮɣżҵġ
ǰһڵҵ˵˽дʵ̶ʮգôó˽һ񽣣
ˮǡڴ˴Ե²ལʿԼĪֻὫ⵱ˮأ֮ͣ˰ɡ
ǲӬһм֪׷ʲô֪﷢£ֻҪɡ
ǳɫ۵׳һĨŪ½һ㣬ת˲ϿգѭɽС¿ȥɽŵĳС
ÿֶ֮дйɽһһֱ֣˳仧ڸķ˽üս£費ס֮ƣļǣ޻ְꡣ
ų粻ƺѰ˼ʲôȻϹһŵ£Ҳһֻ֣͹ɵֱϣȻһûڡ
ɡĳһ
ԭһ֮ᶯɫӰԳһ۾⡣һ֣һ͵½У֮󲻵½ٿͼҴҵ͵ǣڡ
½ٲ˵ɢŲݱӵƣһҲ򽻵仰ŵĨֻͣûüȫĨȥΣòִ
컯֮£䶼Ҫ˵½ˣֻհ졣
½ٲϲϻȽѿھԼͼȥսĳǣ
ĳЩϲθʮ䶼˺ϲ֪١
Ƶǰһƴĵ¯Լһöƣ𣬽ûʲô½ּۻ۵鶼ûУ˭֪Է᲻һþͰⷽԲʮױ֮أҲ̾뿪½ٻʲôûжģȺƬ̣½˼עɽţСЩ
ţԽԽá
½ٻ䣬ѾͲˣ׹Ƕܵÿ졣
뿪½ټɽµĳֱҹĻ٣з׷ƻۣǵָɳƵķ
Ȼ͵ۣɨ֣ɽϡ
һ鱥˪ľʯʯ֮£ɺ֮£˿˿ƵϢɢ
ǲؼĳֹϵġѪݵ
Ѫǣ
½ٻǣǳɫиֳζȻ֮⡣


95 
İĵѨ, ߺѲ, δ, Ϊֱ, ̶̼տ˥ʮ꣬Ƥ޹, ۽Ƕϸơ
ҡ߽Ѩ, ´ߺһ죬¶ŪЦֱϲˡ
ߺзֱͦ, ȻǱǼάһ֮Ӧе, , ִԲǧŲĹǡ
ǧֻ֣˵סʿ˰벽ϸֳ˼ɫʲôô
˵ľٶ, ߺеһĨơ֮ǰ, ̬еĴ棬Ϊز¶, Ϊ٣ּǰ׻ûһļ־彥ɢȥ, ʤȯյƶǣƻƵĵҿԽŹ㣬ҵģǸģǧź΢ɹȡ䳤۷֮С
üһȵ˵ǧź΢ɵĹǲ֮أô
ߺĵܵϷ̨Щһᣬȴֲһӿˣ£Ǳ㲻ǲ֮أұضڡ
¡¡ظ飬ŹŹֵɡߺΪ˵Ŀӹһ˿ϲһ˲ſЦĨϲʱס
Цյߺжϣ˵˼仰ϵѪɫʱ˵øɸɾ
㡢㡭ߺۣʱŤԭģ
˵ɣʲôģԶЦúᣬɤҲºͣÿ˵һ֣ߺеĻ̿־Ͷһ֡
ŷɫǧȫȻʧȥԭķȣǸ΢ϡ
˵³ۣ˵ǡ
ĻȻֹǱεֶס˺۾Ȼ͹𣬻
üͷһ壬ĵãž;ӿѨҡβֳֹɫƣǹʱµķ硣ײһ˦˳ȥײʯϡ
ɢȥߺѱһ߿ݹǣѸٻɷ۳ʯվĨȥǵѪһ
ҩУ¯ʢïҩȡҩһſϸϸѡ
ⳤ䷽临ӣǵеĲ϶ϡ䱦Ƕأҩʵïֵʦں֮ɽһżеġ
ȷѣȴӵиïֵʦҲӦֱٺ󲻾ʱ޳ʶģں֮ɽżϹһǧ京壬֪ǸЧҩֻʱǴĩڣŴһҩľӭ˶ɽڣ㽫мҵͬǸӽï֣Լֲֻȥïʱʶд֮У񶼲ʦǷˣξֱСɣŷδɵķӡ
ʦĵδɴҩһ£Ǿʦҩͷܱ֮࣬ĺ϶ʣµҩĳ룬ֻһζѪ
дʵѪǰ֮ѪΪǸҩƺΪĳǣ˵֮Ѫ뷲Ѫ޷ڣ֮ѪڷѪĹЧǹֻ뷲˺ѪҺ
ֱٺὥ伣ǧ˵챻ˣȥƧĵطûκ˿ֱǰٹºǰ˶Ƿַ˵٣ǱҮˡʱźУҲû̫ڻϾ˵ֻ廳ʦ֮٣Ҫ˵жִҲá
û뵽ԭһʱȴڱС
̤̤ĽŲЦЦûзȥ˭լ·ôֻһˡ
Ӵȡֻϻݵïǰ˻Σˡ
㵹Ǵ󷽵úܡïҡҡͷӹϻƳǵѪۣ¶֮ɫˣ
ߺˣǰǸʿһ˵޽ʲô˲õԼΪ̫ҲСıˡû˻֣С˰ˣͺá
ïεؽϻջԼУ֮ٱЩɡ
ˡӣҲû뵽õôɾЩӬ̫ˡ
ЩǲӬڵʭӣïЦһ̾һü両ֳ⣬ǸӦǻȥġ
޷ӦĴżĿҩĵЩһһڵ󼰵䱦ȴ᲻£˼ֵòܳأ
ֱʦ䣬ȻúܣǱͬҪսľһӡ
ïҵǲ꣬꣬츳Ҳǵһβż˵ţϸֳ֮У̾ٶԪӤڣţһǲŵġ
ǻҲôдЦһڵ뷨Ǻ˵Ժǰʿ᲻ᶼЧ¡
⼸ʮһЧ£ܵ侫衣ïҡҡͷ˵ҲܾȣǰδͻƿԭΪֹڴˡ
Ҳɡıһ˲˵ͻƣӦһŵšеֻػ󣬵֮˵ֻǲ֪ԨӺε֪ġ
ü˼Ƭֵֵ̣Īѽ꣬ʱûء
ԨĻͼıֻƽï˼ֻǲͳʲôϵ
ֻܾˡѵԳǳģȵһҩã֮Ļڲأֻһˡ
ïֵ˵ͷҲáûк˵̲³ΪҪȵһҩ뿪ֻЩἰԵԵڲУĬƬֵ̺Ժô˵
һ˲֮⣬ֻǺܿͷƵҡҡͷε̾һ̧ͷҡɽڵķ
ӰҡҷԴ
ƽ͵ı£ȴаӰȻһһʳȶ֮ࡣ
οԴҲӲ׺ɣ
ɽ緺֮ˮǰһʱ֡
ľˣɫĹâ߮ǳΧ䣬룬ܣֱǣ˿˿ƵϸߣƵĽذ׵Ӱ
һصһϡÿʿΪʱССϣ֮ͬƸǵͬһͬϰ
ͬԪӤΪܹлͻϰ֮ЩԪӤǼ£ε赲Ӵȴ޷ֺ
ϰ֮Ϊħ
ǰؽӰӣɿر任ţĿõһС
Ʈҡ£к˪ܵλ䣬ǽǵ˻ΣݼŵľǰԼУнԶģӰ
һжȼյĻ档
ƵȻɢ˫ۣǰï֦Ҷһ˲¶ãȻ֮ɫ˶񣬱㽫ͶԶ
ɽɽ᫣۵Сػƣǰһģһϸ֮ȴִͬеľһЩֶЩµģֲɫһЩҶֻʣ¹ͺͺ֦ң򶷵ĺۼһɶͺûһ
Ѿ˶ã
ֱ˴룬Ѿȥ˺ܾá
վֻ棬˿֮Уǵˣӯʶ类ϴǰĿҲܹЩʾΪõ˺ܴ
ԪӤ֮ǰΪһأ֮󣬾ͱԭأΪ޶೤ΪǵĸоЩİ˲ϢĻľԾ£ڵûϲûе⣬ûκʿе෴ǿȹ̶ƽ£һ˿΢Сɫ
ӦԼʲô֮ǰѷɿȥ
ʿ˹ͻƾʱȫʶ̫֮Բʱڱ仯˷һ˹ʱ£꣬ϰꡣԪӤʿԪɴǧ꣬꣬ء
ʿԪ಻ꡣ

иֳû֮ɫȴȥ롣
ϺظֳһŰ׹⣬ˣһ˼ԼѱչضãʼϲһûסײһȻײײ˼һˣţ˺ݺһ䡣
Ϥɤ
űӣԼĪײõȷЩݣüëǳɫ۾ԳԹ֮ɫ
ʲôӦǶģΪűӵԵʣûʲô壬ıŭҲᱻӰ졣
Щģģʱû̫ӡ󣬵ʵסˡ
ߵӿûʲô仯˹ģüۼȴѱڵУһĽͲɢȥԳɱ̹Ȼ㡣
ңס
ԪӤʿչأܻķѼʮ꣬ϰꡣֱ˵ȴۣҲ࣬Уˣ
ע⵽ĶǵֳЦ⣬һӾɷǰյСʦܲѹҵˡ
һʶ˴ʱжÿһ¶ڲ⣬ءšһһ˲Ӿ˵Ȫˮߣ̧̧ʶȥסӣɲ̧һƳĿ⣬Ծ죬ַ£˶ԷŵЦ̲סʵЦʲô
üëȻΪЦһĵ飬֮˹ͳ˵ʱŹ°ɡ
˵ͷֵɽµӿ֮ǰһˡ
ƽɤЩ̣·ڱƵġ
֮ҲļֻذЦЦ絭ԽĲɢ
˵ߵľ£һȥɵһţѰ˼һʳ룺ΪλôͳأδȳشͰ˰ֵˣطԣоЩضǳ
ϳɣһ㶼һһĵӣָ㳤ǰ
ȷǳϰߣԷǵûûû£̹ȻӦһչԷȻ£ָɼ˹
ƳһۣЦЦ˵ȥչ뿴㣬û뵽ôɡ
⻰ƾʯˮеİʱ飬вԾЩʵʲôˣ
üиֳЦ⡣
Ĩذףմ̻
ңɫŨ


96 
޺, ˵չغʱ־, ҾȻƸɽƽûм׽Ū, һ, Ȼ֮ǰţչаб, ʦɡ
й, ǰֺľĽԹϳ뿪սʱ̨ô, ƾïһţҲȻ
ֵ˷, þʦǡ
֮˵Щ, ïҩ֮£ԼǶԨӵĲ²⣬һЩͷĵطɳȴһֶûȥ˵ҪȻƸɽͿʼ, ЩٵӰһĵӿ, ˼ƮЩѾȫѵĻС
̬ƶѲϡ֡˴γأǴ󹦸֮, ħǰӣһٴ붨̤, ֪þٺܴг
ֻһ˲䣬ö⣬Һһȥ
˵ĽƵôһһ㶣űҡͷ㰲ɣ˵ڼǧѷĻᣬʿأʹ˰֣һҲ֪Ҫȶá
ΪԽߣԽԵʱ˺ȱһɣ˲Ϣ䣬ͬһͬһطֻʱһЩҲͬھ籩ǵĽҪͷڴǱð꣬һ֮Ҳδܡ
ҺһȥһֲģֻǿԼǿӲࡣ
Ƴһۣϵ¶ΣСֹôִ֪͸ʯͷһ
ʶ˵Щʲôĩֻ죬۲˵ֻʲôڵѹһʯƵһ°Ž¿ãƽŻ̧ۣȴЦ
˫ǳ޼ɵضԼƱ£һССУͷϸ΢޴Ӷء
ٶȷָҲŲ˲ܲȵĿƵģɿָ̧ס۾֮󣬷ȥһʦȻԼᡣ
䣬Ϳ˴ǣס۾ȴڲסƴЦݡ
úúãǾͷʦ·ӻʦšĻвŶ϶ЦŬŲЦ֮ȴ˹ʦ㵥ţʲô˰
Ӧǹ˵Ӷʹ֮ͻʿʶ̽ĿԶԪӤʿ֮䣬ûڣӰ졣
ŷӦ͵ջ֣·̵Ƶģ˸ҡ־죬üмգһ˲;һȴǱסӣֻ¶ֺ֮⣬ǰûһſģתۼ˳
ôܱô죿
ͻȻ뵽֪Ŀһ仰ȷ黹졣
ˣˡ
ɤϣ̺˷һ˲͸ƽǻеĽ꣬̾һҡͷûȷûֻǰԼ˲ʵľٶһʱԼʿˣƬֵ̺´λֱӷС
ӣ´ҪСˡ˵߾ƮȻסһǿʲô˵Ķ
˳ȥǰ۶ɾϣҡɽľ󶼱Уÿ䶼һֻ࣬Ⱥӽ߳һǰһƺִʲô˵ǵִΪֻк˵
һ۾ϳĸӰҮǰһݵŮӣŮһ˫һۣ۽һ룬һ۾ͺǡŮߵúҮƺҲǺܺãȻɫ죬ǳ뿴ĳأһȱŮ˦£ˡ
˼۾һѽŹ´кúùĦ˼˳һѣרĴˣûһѾͱקȥ뷴¿ԾˣǲֽţһһһɢȻ죬Ҳͻأ
ǾĽƣҲǸߵҶұΪǳ̫ѿûأû뵽Ǹٵġ߶߶ָֻһ಻סֻҪгǵ֪Ҫַ졣
뵽κҶۻʱΣԭȣûʲô˻еĸпһûС˵û̫ȤοĽֻǼ̸жٽ飬ԾЩȣҲǼģ򽲣ţųҪѪʱһҮʱ򡪡ϸгǸʱһĮĵģ
Ҳû뵽Ч˿죬ǰղһĽƾߣȻΪûָ֮ǰһģöˡ˵Ż֣֮뵽ʲôסͷ˻ӣȻóһɫĽݸ˳룬ˣģ˵ʱ㣬һֱҲ㶼ˡ
˵ӹһ˴УǶлˡ
˰֣ӦлֲֻŰһ룬ֱӣϳӡۡһ뱾˼ĹЧһҲǰȥ
Ү׷ȥȻץסĽƵ֣Ȼ뱻ץţ
ƳΨ²ҵ飬뵽˶ԷһԵĻ԰ʱҲⳡͻϵһЩһģһҲѹߡ
Ϸǻܿġ
ɣĽƺҮల£᲻ȥЩ¶һ
ƺ̫ãгССԼбҪƳȤȻӣֲ¡ûзԼ˼תתܻƻһϣĽƺҮִǴ֣Ҳܿ챻׵Ժ
ȻЦЦӶ
ԭĽʱֲС˦Үϣ˶סˣ涨񣬷·ʩ˶һ
һҮһºۣܿۿתҲøһֱտڲԵĽڿʼ˵ˡ
˵ʲôʣľͶҡɽľ󣬵ȴ
塣ҡҡͷ̫ԶˣΪԪӤ֮ʶ޷ôԶĵطԶԣӦ˴˴ʱҪȥ֪ϡҲôס
δԳϧ֮ɫسգգۣЦĽ˵ʲôҲ֪Ү˵ʲôҴܲµ
˵ʲô
ȻǡɤӣơƣΪʲôҪôҡ
ѧҮίίĿ˿óһ¾뵽սĳʱҮȻ˵ģʱ򣬴Үľǡơ֣𶼼סˡ
Ŷ϶СҺܵ㡯֮ġơٲ˵ģʱһ䡮ôһ䡮ôҶﶼҪлˣʱֲܴ򲻹ˣôȥ
ԭǵЦ˵ȴ˿ߣǷǳǶξץ˼¡
⻹ǳһμޱȴ޿κεģ
´Ұ㡣ѿڵ˵;ԼɤЩһ£ȥȴ֪ΪξҲסˣְţôֱ
ʶԼʵôˣĿתЩƵƿĿ⣬һ飺ô
δ䣬ôǱָסڵӳרע
ոգЦˡɤб˾̾ϲ
Цһ˲Գɻ󣬡ң
̧ȥǣ֣ͺ˻ָԶ˶٣ȴûбܿϣ¶ͨӴƤ
¶˳£ֱĵס
㡣ü𣬵͵Ц˼ָڳ봽Ṵճ²ջأ̾ȻöЦЦġ
ΪΣ
˼ʤȻǶˡЦ
е٬ֻȶȴϣβǶ⣬϶
ӦһƫͷȥȴصŰ಻סսͷž解ǻĻͬһ
ΪʲôҪЦ
뵽ɽ֮ǰԼɻ뵽֮һԺ
۵ǧսԻһ˿๴ճͬ
һ˲Ǳڣ︴գ꼻ţէ֡
ǵʥĿãضҪʶȥǱʿġȴ޷ֵļ֮
˼ʤվҪʤ
˵ȻƺڻʲôЩɣһζûҵ֡
һᣬʱһҲŻȻֵȷԣԼûл֡
һٶʦͽһζûƺÿԷ˵ʱõĶǡ㡱
ϴŲվܷɳһԶӼ˵˶ָ󲿷ʱ򶼺˶˵㡱Ȼָˣ˰꣬ûʲô㣬û쳣
Ҳ뵽ڱտڡơ뵽ġ֧첲˶룬ǲеš
ʶ뷴תһ룬ȷЩ֣Ҳǹġ
ǻ콫ȴṴ˹˵
ӡ򡭡һһٵ䣬һж
䲻Ȼ̲סЦЦ˵Ҳ̫ˡ¶ΪѵɫϵһЩĶҰҲôҰɡ
˵ͷһģƽ͸Щţ˺ܾã
򡣡


97 
򡭡ֻͨľٶ, ȴĵ׹, Щɬ, Щ, ֲʱ̵¶ȡ
⵽ʲô벻̫, ֻ֪Ǹ˼Ǻܺõġ
ֲ, ֹ˲Ű˿һһɽеķ, ҮĽƲ֪ʱѾȥֻʣ¸Ƶ, µĲݴһ˪, ͸¡Ϣ
ҡɽİɫʱվһֻ쵽Լǰ
ȻҪߣȥ˵һɡ
˵̧, ֶԷûڿ, ɽе龰̯һбʶľٶ
⿴Щһ, 㳤ֻͨˣֽŽȫ֮, ɹʹ㣬Ὣִģһ˲־ͱԷ¶ȰסӱȻǣȥ
ɽ;Уûɿ֣ȥȴղûж÷Ʋ᫵С¡
ǾҮĽִֻ֮мţµͲӰ
֪ôˡ뺱ἰˣԼĪܺãԶ޹˵Ҳ˼Ȥ
ЦЦںǻҪܾãһɢˣ컹̧ͷͷܲ
Ҳǡ˵ͷ
ЧˣĽȬԶúܣҩѣïֺķɵֻǳףһױһ׸ѣĽָԭΪ˵Ҳúķʮʮ߲꣬ˣṩҩҮ߲ˣ˭˵Ժᷢʲô
˵ʲôϵʵҼǵǰᵽɽûа
а֮û˿ۼǸûзǱиĨȥˣΪûзïؾסľլУʵԽ˲ɡ
ƺһͼ¶ͷ۵ı̫Ҳ㶼ˣǸʱһ˰ɣ
ʲô
º˵ǴɣǺͱأʱ˵ʲôǼ٣Ҳֻˡ̾һһ䣬ЩСģҵаǣȥҽȥ𣿡
ҡ뱻סˡ
˵ɵ㣬ȻҪ飬̱Ź£û˿أЩѡ򲻼ǵǰ£ݺайϵҲϣӣЩʣָ׼ֳʲôЩһŰ̵úܣһŪþͻһʰãֺصĴ֮㣡
Ϊѡ
˼öò⣬ֻʵҲ֪
ΪᷢƢ˭һ̧ۣȴԷ͵Ц̲סѿڵЦʲô;ı󣬽žЦӯӯɤ
䲻֪㹻Щͷˡ
ýʦ
ޣҲЩʦᱻ𡣡üëȵӣеЦް٣һ㲻⡣
ֻرӣ뻹ЩģֵҲίġ
˵ú棬˵ԣֻڻʱЩӲҲ֪ɬĸռøࡣ
ţ㶣һʱû׳ΪҪô˵ܿٶ¶ЦݣֻľͿˡ
һ˵
뿴Ĳ˼˵ͷ
ïּһ⣬æʳǲ鷳ֵƳһۣ϶ŵó޷˻ȥ
볶һʾע̬ȣȻ󲻱Եлǰ⣬ѵãΣգӦջʦŸ
ľأͻƵĴʱҪߣï˵һ򲻼ģʱЩͲ
Ѷ˵ͷЩҪԸһڻңһⶼȫ
ǵïһ򣬿ƺЩЦãĩεҡҡͷѾҲǿֻǿϧˡ
̾һϧϧ֮Уһɲϧֲ˵
ôһ˵ïһ㶣ĳһʧһվţ°ڵϿ֮ǰ˼֡
ڵĻʵرˣšһɷ磬סï֣ؿ˼ۣôˣȴïֺȻЦ
ҼŻݹ۹Žһָһ㡣Ҳмֱ֮ɱΣþ͸³ɰ
仰Щɣɴ䣬˼ǳ׶ƺְ⡣˵߽˵һ̤룬žѵһϣŵɫ𣬽
벻ؿ򣺡ô£
ü۵Ҳ¶һݾ죬Ƴеĺ棬Ҳ˵׼ммصĶ򡣡
龳磬ڰżһ߹лȻ֮Уһ߹鲼䣬ȴǿ
ҩô죿ʵ
Ϊһʼչأ֪Ҫ²Ż
Ӧзִ硣ϻϵŰͬأ༸°ɡ
뵽ïΪҪסҪ£ûʳˣ֪ΪΣǾһЩ
ȱδɣ¯Уïֵס
䵣ԼʧأԷҩһֱصĽУïʼղ̤ˣϲ룬һҪų˵˵ǣȣϰˡ
뿪Σ˵ҪȥȷϴʱڳϷˣҲģƫƫƣÿʱָܻС⣬ûͶѳɽҪ˵仰Űݡ
ǳҲȻñȳ࣬ӻСӣ˵ͣʮ꣬ɳ뵽ʱԷƺҲǲͣҪϳࡣ
ԸɣѺԵƫƫڴϿɿúܡԽ룬;˼顣
гɣǾų˶ɡ
ʱ¹䣬֮ľºͬӦԨӰ죬ʱĴڴˣУϷ˰Ĳɽδ룬˲Ϲžۣڵӡ
һΣǿҮĽƣ˵ûִĽҮ鿴ϵ˿ڣǾҮһӾüοˮޣһ¶ζЦͼæеǱ
ԼĪΪĽҲڣֶǴ֮ʱвΪǵĳ룬ŵˡĽƵǺ򶨣Ե
ǰòҪҪ޸Ҷ𣿡
ɻؿһۣǵ˵ҶʵǸٰģʱȴ֪һ㡣
û
Ү˵֣Ľƾۼֿס죬Щɸ֡
ŻȻĵԭ뼤ҮĽƵݣǰǲ²⣬ûеõҮ׿֤ʵ
ʱҮĻû˵꣬Ҳ㹻к塣
ҮҲ뵽㣬۾ɵôģŭ򣬼ҪΪЦ˼ȥ
ҪȥȴĽƽס
ĽҮʾ԰꣬Ȼǰ빰˴񣬳ϿҵгǾƸӣΪסܡ
Ͼ߻Ӵôãһ¾Ϳ˳ӣ˵ûйĨǣֱ
гһ޹أսĳʱʦ־˵뱻ɱĹĶǣʲô˸޹ؽҪӦֻҪǣһڣǾͲ˵ȥֶҮм
˵תȥ
ⳤ뻹֮ǰһġҮԹҧгҲˣ
ĽȴһԲų뿪ķأ˳˼
ƣʲôע⵽ĳĬҮ
ûʲôĽ̾ͷʵĸƣǰϡֳǳص
Ǹƶ˵ĶǣһֺޱȵֻҪţ޷롣
һº󣬷ɣ޸Ͷ뿪
ǲᣬų˵һѻһЩϡǵһֱڱϷۡ
һλɽ׹ɢȥ󣬳뷢ڹʯ᾵ĹȵУľƺЩϤ
һϳǵĵطɵһٿ򣬷Ҳš
ŽɵĴһ飬ŻȻֲ޷֪̽ԭвá
ӦˡӦһʯء
ûۻɽǾֱǰƸɽ
ȪɽĴӦͳˣսĳǶĿڶ࣬Ȼᱩ¶٣ĵ֣ǲðգǹѡʱȴҲ׵·ߡ
˸٣ʱ̲Էɵò졣һ춼ûʿ٣Էģӿ˽ų̡


98 
Ů˰˪, 嶥ȴд, 񲻻ᱻʱӰֺ
, ԨһϮ, ԶߴƸ, , һƬޡ
ǧгԨϮӵ£һ˲ӿ, ֻǺܿʧȡ֮ʯͷƵ̡
Ԩſһ֮, һ, ʲôޣ·ûʲôǣɼǧȴ֪һŶôִſȵġ
ƷǶ񣬸ԸΪǸĿĴ, ⵽˵
, أԨ֪ˣǱ
һǾ£Ԩûдߴ, ʱҲûκѣֻʽףֻҪӰļƻ, ¶޹ؽҪ
ҿԽסԨתһ˲ǧоͻһתֽ
ΪΣԨԲ
ΪƳǲܲ˽ɴĽǻڴഫı벻Ե⽣֮档ǧһ֣ұҪȷϡ
㲻ңԨһЦ
ԤӿЯŲݿܵϮǧУɴۣӹһ˿㵣ȴް˫ֱͦӣηӭԨӵĿ⣬Ҳǲӣֻǲʡ
ʣԨ
ǧֻܸܵѹ麣ϵӿɱǵĺ˳֫ٺԨӻû֣ѪҺȴѿҪᡣ
֪˶ãɱϢȥ
ҲաԨ̾һɫָֻĮȻǰݼŵŭѲʣӰӡ
ʲôӰˡõ
Ѱ䣬֣ȥɣֻǣɼסֻ۽ƾΪۡ
ǧȻһл뿪Ů壬صԼɽ̧ͷװӵµŮ壬ӳĿеĴɫɽͷഺפŮ񣬿ңɼ߲ʡ
źâ˸ĽУĵǽ֮󣬶֮ܲ١
ţĿӹһĨ
ͬʱŮ嶥ǧвǰվĵطɫӰƵĳ֡
ΪδӦʵ
Σ۽ѵǳĶôԨΪ⣬Ǻ˻˵ʲôȴֹڻָΣ
޴󰭡
Ǿ;ҵɣӻƸɽͺлˡԨĿҹƸɽڵʢº߿Ҫˡ
˳Ĭ˼ú󣬲ɳƵӦá
Ϊǣų̱֮ǰ࣬һʮգг̾͹롣
ȥ˼㣬ҪһɡЦ
ɽֻ࣬ΪʹԪӤԪӤĩ̷ҩܽչѸ١
Ҳ֪Ϊλ˿졣֮ǰһٶ궼ûʲô
Ҳν޵İɡ
Ĭšġ֣˵ͷ
ʱǰһֻʣѰ񣬳ûȵĶ˵ڷɣ˵ڿƮ
ʱ뷢ֻ϶һƣϿһ۵ľ۱裬䱦ı־
ֳһĨʶȥϻдʲôȻ䣬üĴһʹɲǼѪ
һͷʹںˮУ֮·ô£бµ⣬һЩĺۼϤǣʹٴγʱһ˲˹İУǺܿ죬иоǵصʹȡ
ͷ­ȵҽڷڣҡΪӲȣΪ߱ʹҡ
측ƣ֮Ѥëһڳ׵ڡ
롢롭
У˺֡
ԺԶĵط壬ãβһ
ۣƵ۵ףԺ䷢һĵૣžƫͷ̫ܿȵĹߡһ˲ͱסˣŽӵԼ£һһѡ
ҡӣԼߴԷߣʶҡҡͷںˡ
ͽüƿʵô£
תûʲô쳣ŵżͷʹǰ
ǰɫֳ˼֣һֱôû
ǣƳ򼸺ҪӾѸƿߣСʦҿüΣûκãġ
νеñʧΪ֮壬бʮͷʹ֢֮žǽ֮ȱʧɡ
ɫ˿ֵ֢ͣ״ʱʱأҲ巢ʱ䣬ƵˣԪӤ֮ŷΣ֢״ᣬΪתãû
ʵʱӣ۵ö򣬲Ҳദôãȴֱʱ̹ײֻ֢˵ʹȻֻʱӣʵ˵ǻϽͣͽû˵
ζӣã̾˿ʱûἰҲȻ
Ҳǹ֮üģ¶飬ԭΪˣηȴ
ļΣʡ
һᣬǧȴ֮ǰһںˮߣ˻Ժ󣬻оǸղšһһ
󡭡ˮ롭ڿ˼
ԳģӡУģǼʻϲŭֵöԣżҲƣʱȴޱ飬лǴǣްЦ⣬ȡ֮ģǱ䳹ǵѪͲ̡
Ȼ뵽ǴΣʱĿҲ㡣
򡭡סֱۣҡҡͷ
ӳ˼лعϳߣЩ֮ǷӦƵģס֣οƵЦЦû¡˼ؿüģֵлᣬ㿴ɡ
˵ͷá
֮ɽ·ȴסһöƵݵǰ
ҸժιȥˣҲΪʲôķָָϵľ۱ͼ䱦뺯Щ񣬲֪ʲô
˵һ˿עУֳһ֣дԪʮС÷εӰֻԼȣǲһֻ뺯һöԵ˵֮Сһۡ
СƸɽԶ˵Ƹɽ£ôɽλؾ͸ˡ
ͷֻѾˣ˵ȡƺֻͻɢˡ
Ц⡮Եˡֵһ㲻ϰҲǸˡӣֽԪʮģʣ죬ȥ
ҡҡͷһ²һ¡
֮⣬ͷʹڴ˷
ǵһʦ˵һɼ̳ϹŹ˵֪Ȼ۷ˡ룬ֵҼǵûȥ֮ɽҲһֱ̣ϵҩЩͨڣ˵ܰȿͷʹ֢
˵Ĳ޵ûȥ֮ɽԨûʲôϵ֮Զʦ𿴲֢ڵ⣬а취
ߣɵ̵̫࣬ĶϹŵģҮϲȫЩǺõġ
ֵһƲǻҪ͵֮ززӡ
봧ĦĻȴɽľǳΣ⣬а취仯⡣
Ȼ˵ˣǱȻĵ
Ӧã¶Сġ
ЪϢƬ̣Ը·ߣСȥ
ȥСֻһգǵִʱֵƻ裬ϿһˣĪ˵÷òݶûС
˵õԪʮŻ֮زŻ֣Զ˳ǳأȥǵȼ죬ڷУҲױʿ
á̴Ӧˣʵ˵ȥ˳ڻҰȺʵûʲô¾վںϴνȻ˵Ҫȥ˳űǡ
һţǾͷִŵƽʣѾҹĴò֡
϶ŵǽǵȼ𻨣ĴӳŻɫϵǳ԰
벻Ϊʲôôˡ
һȻءŶһЦԪڡ
Ԫʮ壬µһﷲ׸ʢ䣬ǵȼ̻¡Ϻӭ︴գů
Ժ֣ųмȥ
Ȼˣȥ񲻿ϧ


99 
, 
ڼԶܿȾҹĻĻ, ʵĳǽס, ÿһЩ, Щ͸һ㣬̸Ų·һ, ֺʢס
װŻƵĳ, ǧʱӿڵ۵ס
δֵľǰƮҡĻ𻨣·𿴵˺嫵Ǻӡ
֪캳ص, ҹӦеľð㲻ʣӹƬ, ӳ
Щ̫, 롣
ɽţǷݽͱĵȶɢˣЦӦûбݣȥ
ۿĩ˿һӣ̽Ƶָ, , ˵ͷšһ
Ц£ָ, յø첽ǰȥ
ܿ죬˵Ӱû˳
еӲ, ûй̶ϯ̸߽ʱҲܰŰ΢Цϲŭ¶ɫʿΪƼΪ֮ᵢУϵѵζΪȡˣϯЦ̸̣޷ǡС֡
Ĺմ̳ϲŭԿĽõɵʿоֹ벻һ֡
ϲٰȻЩɫչ黹صΪ˿ź翵Զô̻
񣬳ڷͷȥӳеľǧ򻯣ÿˣÿ䶼ԼĶ֮һظ
ϲŭ֣һӦȫһ˲⾰ֵɽаꡣ
һкܹͯÿﶼһλεקŻߣǻһء
ԶһȺڲµգʽĵ˺üţƮԶȥһƮƵģһеƱȡߣµıȥȺУ˵⣬Ҳҡͷ̾
ֻв¶Եµգܰѵȡߡ볤͵Ưյµѵġ
˵ţָָյơ
յƱĴ˲٣״ӦǷβƮϻӵżյСɣûʲô𣬿
յ¾˲ˣһץڤ˼룬һܽҿյס
ȷʵÿ˵ǵ˵繤֮߳ѹЩʦһԷ顣
յƺһʣҪ𣿡
֪յף뷴ʵɨһǵգյƺ뷲һλйأͨĲֽ֣ʿ糯棬֪𰸡
ҡҡͷȻǲ֪˭֪ڸưԵʲôˡֵܿյװ
ʿ͵յʩСƶ㲻ϡ
ԥܾˣףСԲüǰԹ̫̰ʱһޣֵҲҪ
ȻɷǷ˵㹻ˡ
ǾˡƢÿȥҲ죬ܿչüģעƿ
һֲشһһԭ̷ִҲ֪ʲôԵɣģȰŻһۣתͷЦк
Ǳÿ죬ʱȻʲô˼ͷͷһԭһɫ硣
ɫ̫ˡô˵Լ˼ȸ
˽ǰ£ϲ֮ʱ룬϶òڣһ·̽ѰĿ⡣ע⵽ܵڿǣһֱûϸ룬ֻǷ˵ϰߣһŷӦһ߽ϸϸϵãһԭˡ
ͨƳɣ÷Ҷ㲻϶࿼Ȼֺʵģ
ָָҺ࣬һ̽͸Ⱥһҳµ꣬˲ټúõ·ſڵϿտյġ
򾭹ʱ˳ȡֻһ㼴ɣڵ·ɣŶǼӷ㶣ûȫӦʲô
㡭
ǿҪ˵̣дʵҿû͵ٿ
ŷּϰһ֧۳˲ΣǵҲˣɻ˲οֿЦտ
֧ҵ˲Σ粻ʲôϡڷ
֧˲οɱ·ˡػ˻ӣҪǰ̫ۣҲŲ뻻
ȴڷֻʩòαضһ١
סЦһֱָĿС̯ң⣬Ƕһˣβʿһס
ʲô£˵ͷͷǵı£ֻǵѪܽ˼µð˾ŲʮȴҲ⣬˵ͷȥ
ǰڷ˳ͣҪȥѰǱ˱ƵϢ覶ûж٣й⾰ҴһƳڽյĽͷᵽΪǰݷܻϡ֡
ʮɫĵƻĿӣֻһƳԱзۡ
ʿἰʢʱǲмһ˵ģ鸡ʵ֮⣬ɴŽֵ续ƵĳȴЩ
ЩƣԼߡҵȵȣЩǼÿġ
ֻԼνɲ֪УȴƬٻĿ⡣
Ǹ̨ϵĸ裬ĿС⣬С
ûзԽǺĿʱϡ˫ǳɫ۾ڲԳں˵ʱЦⶼֱ۵ףްΡһע⵽ʲôͻϸϸܡ
˵˵ϵƷֺ;
뻹иεӡ֮ΣЩοŮӿʽ
ΪʲôҪЩЩ⡣
Ȼ͸СġһϷģųӣûþͼҴ׷һ֧֧˵˼ͽǼ˳
ԭӶǹһ飬ԼڶҪ뿪һŻԲŻ²ߡ
ֶ֪סҡͷԵη
ʵ˶𣿡
⵹ǡһԪҹȷв˽ᣬ
ֻһһУ˵Ц·ڼֱʱǹｫһУȻͺŮһ뿪ˣҴҵһ߬ӿֿֿЦԭ˹ĵĳ޶Գɵ
ӣǱ֮⡣ָͳ뽲𷲽ķ뾲ţ룺Ǳ縴Ӷˡ
ʿΪ£ֻΪ˫ҪܹศɣԶͬŵӽͬޣΪıΪƿʱɢѰµµҲ١
ïֺͰĵ£궼һԡ
Ϊˡ顱֮һ֣ԸΪ
ʱˡ顱֡
鰡
Ʈ˼ضϣ֮ǰ˵ƵĻ
л㱺Ʈ˼ضĵ׺˳ϯһ˲䣬ֻʣ룬ۣŬ˼ۣȴǳӡ
ʲôƺСķ̫ãע⵽ˡ
ۼ۵׸ֳɫ봹ۣɫûʲô˵ץֱ̯ϵʲôʵʲô
ŷǸߡ
ЦǸߡ
еȡЦ֮⣬򴽣ִʵʲôߣ
üͻȻ㲻϶ɲҲðմϱߣ˵Ǻܶࡣ
аġҲץһ ҹأߣħֿЩͱ۾ɵͭ߾ٵǰת룬ѹɤ֪С˱¹ġ
ɤƺģ°䣬ֻϸаЩЦ벻ǣǰĪĻҽȥֽ̽ߴƿϤһߺ¶в˼⣬ˡ
Ų֡գգۣװģǱаٱЩ
Ƭ̣ǵ˵ͷǸͣܿҡҡͷ룺ȽϺá
ֵ̯úǿģֱӽ͸ǡ
ؾһл̯Ȼȥˣֻ׷ȥ
ֹһмߵͣס˱Ƚ٣󲿷˶ȥ£Żơ
ЩԸƣһֱԸܴɡſʯϣЩƣЦЦ
ܶδƮͰȥҲЩһֱ˳ˮƯȥֱƵʧҹɫУֻεĻ⡣
뿴м˸߲ңԸѳɣһ̽Щ˵ĻƯúԶмֻƯ˳⣬ҲˮУɵúǵĻҲˣΪʲôôˣ
ƯĿĵطǿȻûг
Ҳԣ
кβء̧ͷ԰ǿգԸˣȻǼٵģܻϲһҲܺˡ
³ɣż֣Ǽ֡
½ȥʱͷֻʣˣЩ׽͸ٶϮ
ʯ䣬˼Լĳһһӹǰϵͷٶȸ֡
㳡ϣ̻ŷɫʣЩʵĹӰԼԶԶƽߡ
뿴ĲִиǻָɵʲôԸ𣿡
ţüתͷ볤Ƭ̣ع𴽽ǣŸơ


100 
ۼµ˽, ˵ҹʱڳǽ̻, Ƿ껨ƾ͸һʢ, ͷСɢ˲, ڻӿӿȥҲһԶȥ
ű߽, ҹ繴, ˮǻ𸡳ʧ˻Цĵ׺֮ǰ˲١
ͷ, °ʱʱ𣬶´׵ҹɫɺڰ׷ĶԱ, ˳Ⱦ, ɾúƲġˮϣشˮΪĻƣأˮ͵ƻӳʲӰƮĿԽЩ֯ĹӰ, Ͷ˲֪ı˷
ȥмһͷǮ, Żƣͷ޽ҩȥվ̫鷳ˡ
, Ҫ˵ȡһյƣڵƤȡʮյҲ׾٣Ȼ, 벻вȡ֮١
ߴߴСԹɽʱðʣµһȫԻʱȻԼﻹкܾǰ纣¥ȡ˼̫Ѱ̯ҲȥҸӻͭǮóϵ
ȥȥͻأҪʲôԸЦ뿪ֻǶ̴ٵļЦֱӰʧɤԾڳϻصһأ
»£ɢԪµ⣬̤ʯ׿Ҳ֮ǰů˼֡
ûзȥ̽ѰںδֻȺţӵͷ𣬲֪ǻδȼ⣬ǵӳˮеǳ߽ǣⷱ䣬
Ȼ˰յ̾ϢһֻһüźġֻʣһˣҲֻʣһյƣյб˴룬ˮǰ뱻ˮʪˮղɢܿҪյƶˮС
ӦĵưɣҪˣ룬ʱͬЩ˵̻쿪ʼˣӦ۾յƣƺۿĲݣʹеʧԽԽŨҲûƿĿ⡣
źҪԸ򴽣üͷԾšܿչеָһ̧
ǰǲע⵽ģע⵽Ҳʲôȴ룺Ҳûʲô
ͻĴιˮ棬յСûˮµĻƷˣ󣬵Ǻܿͷϲغԭʧֵ۾һ˲ƶ£յƺܿƯ˺ӵͷʧҰУظһһ˲ǸܵʲôƵ̧ͷͷ
ֻǷˣ޷֪һ˲վǸӰڿԼһ֮Щ˼峤ЦЦǴк㼱Ҵȥ׷ͬˡ
뻷ܣָֻʣһˣϳװûлͷߣȻЩȻζ
ٵĽŲУ˻ΪʲôȴֶԷԼǰִͣٵؽӽͰ볤һȥ̻
ԭͼһһδ̻ʱ⻤ǺǾѵĹλãһϣһ
㣬ƼһӦȫҰã̻ˮϵ趼ܾ۵ס
Щţ˵ڲŲ̻ķĵǵǲ
ѿһĺϺöˡ
ֻҡҡͷڵˡеϧ΢΢һЦֵлл㡣
ϧܿ¶ЦݵˣȥǣǵĴͣڽ¥ϡ˵꣬ȳӦܿˣһ̾ʧڽֽǡ
ѣ
밵ĥ֣ƽ˿˿ᡰšһĩֲԾҡҡͷ
ʦͽֲʦͽȴҲѣ޹壬޹֣һеĽԻ壬֪Уһʲô뵽
˱һȴ˿֣·Ӧˡ
ͻȻҡͷʲô
Цӯӯɤ̧ۣƵĲӹһֻһյƣһֻһС⣬Ų㵱֮ǰĶ˻
һ䡣
ĿϣǲԾ𣬴ߵߣ㽫¸
Ⱥ£򽫳˻Ķһ볤УȻȥȥĻ˵һͺá
뻺ҵ㡣
ЦЦŹϧû㻭
ڽЩҵһСãҲ͵㡣䣬ǰκһ٣ЩײȥѯʡôˡѼǰȥʲôûһ
˺ӱߣѽĶ˴䣬֮ǰǰɡһЩǶ޵洦ķȴñҩʯĿЩ
ȻƸɽڷһЩ룬ֹһ˵̫ªˣտյӣʱδȥȷ̫ªˡ
߿Թǽϣʯ԰ǣﻹлĥЩԼ֣ع񣬷ڻ
ŻƣȴûзˮУĿתų룬ǳǳЦƵģӦ˵ʲôڵȳش
ֵ¡ʱڣȻ壬ܵ͵ĺ⣬ֻһЦµĸоǴůѩڵļڡ
ʲôԵɵأЦ𽥼һ͵սƽɤ͸¶Щɬ
ҿд𣿡˵˵˾Ļơ
뷢ǻƵӺ֮ǰЩͬײ׺˺ߣÿƬ궼һע⵽ߣյƣЦ߲飬ƾͽвƣϰ˵˺ϲء
ƣظü΢΢߻Իϳ룬תС
뿪ȱӿͷ֮ǰκһζҪӿ˼һ˲հף麣кʲô𵴣ָⶼ΢΢¶ã֮ɫ૵
⵹ǡԹǳǳЦһƵᣬ·˵ĲѰ¡
һ仰Īһգиֳ֮⣬üͷɻûü˵ʲôЦһӵϾ̫˰
˵ʲô봹ֻۣġ
Щֵͷһ仰ֱһ仰Ԩ
ϣ˭֪һֻػǰδ˸벻ֻءǻƵԵҶԲˣֻֻĵƣҶϰ˵ιҰ㻨жҪµİɡ
ͷȴ㵱ôˣҲ֡뵽Ү֮Ѫ;ǿȴҲǣɢ벻ֻء
ʿ˻ǣ㾭ֻأҲ˵֮˺ǰǲͬһνűֻǿջˡ
֮ǰʲôԸ̧֣ḧϳüģҪƽľ𣬡ΪֻҪ¡
ɵң
ţ㡣
ŵ˹̶Ҫ̴ͷ­
һ˲䣬Լû沨Ʈһа˼ˡ
ҡһľһһָֹ⣬Ӷ΢΢³ڶս
ꡢСϲţǧٽ棬ڵиɫһӿͷ˿˳Ⱦİȫ¶ͷһƳȴڿƵĺߡ
ֻɺϣͷȴһֻеһжָһ
˳ǸȥŻƾϤ΢Ц
֪ʱڳЦʱЦĳŪͱֻʣºǵůЦ⣬ϰΪжġ˿
ɢƽĺ֧顣麣ɽĺХҪѹ£ȴԿơ
ʶĻƵԺӹɽϵƽУɽµһߣÿһ仰ÿһеúƲǰŷһ㡣
ʦͽ૵޵Ҫ
ᣬƼȼĵƻֻһ΢ܴɢ·ֻ˵Լġ
˵ֶ˶ţˣȴס
ֻ΢ԺԵ㱻˻ȥûпܣת˲ͻָ
ں𣿡Ц͸ſһ㶼ţһһжƿС
뿴Žߵǳǿ˽ܹпԼģԼбԪڵƻĹʡ
ӿ˼֮󣬹Լ嶼ƮƮġ
ҪҪԼ죬ȴܿƵ΢΢Ժ
Ц̣ܶᣬʵʵЦ
Ҳ֪˼ʦŽĶҡҡͷһֱЩӦʲôҲ֪ӦӦں
Ż𣿡
ʻʱֿһЩ뿴Լ죬˵֪۾ȴסδ˵ĻʱסʶۣƾԼںڰУԼۣҶ
ûҶĵȻ;ԱŵԳ˳Եͷţĸд˶ͷ
۾ǰƿ˳Ų䣬δӦҪۣͬ¶ȸüģͣñ֮ǰһЩ󣬸ӵͣס
ϢߣڻһУҪۣ΢սָס֡
ǣȻ촽Ĵֵ⣬üһܿչ
ֻǱȳԸһЩ¶ȣȴȵƻ棬̵ļⶼ
ǲûгãֻ˿û̫ԶЦ˵ʱܸܵԷ¶ȡ
Ż𣿡
ۣеĹ߹𼸷ѣУ˼ǻجһƬУ֣̽ʲô룬ֻƾĶ
סֻҲѳת϶ԷδƵľٶżֱ׾Լִ˫Ƶ򱳺󣬽ӵ
ޱ
ԶӦ̻Ὺʼˡ
ʮϰٵͬʱûҹĻȻһưٻһţ谿ھ죬īɫϻʢ
ȴϾȥϾȥԪҹʶǰδĶ̾ڳ֣乤׵ǧ˰̬ľ¿ۻңЩ޹ؽҪ
֮£ɺ쳾УһжԶȥֻˡ
Լ֪ú˼ѣӶ̵ˣƵĽͷ
Цڶϣܱ΢ͣ١
㻹ûشء
ǣ˵ͷšһ֮壬ֵ̧롣
ģ˶ѡ
͹ˡ


101 
Ԫҹû, һ, ˾ں, ֽϰյˮС
ϰżȥ̻, 㽫һƶյֻ֮һ, ˴С
ɿʱ, յѱˮУںĳδд, 뽫ȡȴס, ͼһ̯, ˲ʱһյոµƣҲһ״Ļơ
㹻дϰٸԸˡӣЦ
ҲüۣҡҡͷûôԸ
кüʱǿ롣ųˮʯ, ʿʼЩд֮, ÿдһյͽˮСд÷ɿ죬⼸첻Ҫбø·鷳¶дȥ
űʣ˼ȥ벻ʲô, ĥòһһд¼֣ȥһԴ
дãƾͱȡˣ򿴵Ǽ, ȤƵġŶһβϵϳһͱЦ
ԹӡīΪɫġ뱻Щ˼ƫͷӾͱ˹ȥĴǣЦЩ³䶨ȥ
Щʲô䶨ʲôûֻз׽šǡ֣˵Ļϲ
֮ǰ¶оʲôأ͸²һ֪Щͷ̻ͷǧ˿˲Ϣ
ǡ顱ɣ֣ļֹסָ̧֣⹴סӡ
Ϊʲô˵̽ʣô
ûʲôҡҡͷһ㿿ȥֱУ˴ûһ˿϶ܺá
ȻһЦֱͦ˱óܿøЩȻһһｫʣµĻƶ
һյһյƱˮУ⣬ֻǵĻ⣬ռƬӵӱߵʯջȾ˻ɫ
ĺˮӳǺӣˮɫԻ಻ĻɵĳǧɫʺƽضУںϣһ㡣
ָһ΢罫һյƷˮУյƽȵƯƻϣӴȡ˺Ƴһںݸ룬Ǵİٻϴûкȵοɲܴˡ
ͰɸĹնԷֻ룬ҪǺȾƵ˼ֻԷ̫ѣԼֲʣϡͿֶ˴ĵһЩ׾ͺˡ
תһ룬һˣҲͽܡͻһڽֵġ
ǸǻжȷϵģΨе¡
һھƣŨĻʱƢܿ͹΢⡣ǲǾƵԵʣĶ
ִУ¡ĺ磬´
ҹֺ̣ܳܶһѷǰס
˾ԼĪҹֵ̫ҶҪóһЩϸ̻⣬ˮ滺ɢ΢⣬ʱʱӦϼ䣬ʱȻеԶ΢𶯡
𶯼СصڳУ̶ȼͺ࣬ǳΪǳһЩ벻
ţһ󺳶ǲ̻𣬶ɽһһˮƵ
ʿڶ
һ淽λЩСǴģ뵽÷磬ĵĪ£
ôˣע⵽ɫͣδĻ
Сƺڶֱһֵʮʿ
ϵǳЦʱһɨգ͵˼ɫ粻͸ֽС¶йأͷ֮㲻ϣ˵Ӧ⡪ûֻͺܺˣ벻֪Ϊλ¶ٴеĽš
̫ˣ룬ȥ
̵֣ѯʣҲɤɱһڣʶԼʧ̬̾һŻȥΣ˵йأֻԶԶһۣвԾ뿪
ⲻһʶ¶ϵϢ𲻾ǰԷ˴Ӷɥʧǵʱ
ʱԡѪеվվˣɢɷȴ޸˵뱾Ϊ˶Եʣɸոһ˲¶뵱ʱһޣ뵽ĵײֳ˿⡣
һЩעϸһ𣬿ȴģģģ׽ס硣
֮ƣһ²һ£ԭȥΪûʲôΣգС˴󶯸ɸ꣬ǵȻǶԽԶԽáһĿȻԴ·̬ȣԼ˼ʹܾһ˫ǳǿֵļꡪЩԵĻң򵥵һ־ǧ֮أô˵ڡ򴽣ս˫֣ĬƬ̣Э̾á
ˣһгɽһֻסգۼͷɳ˳ǣֱСȥ
;һڣһԲȡïָǷϲñ磬ַɣܾģüΣΪλţǰ˻תĵţƵг֮٣һֱѰӲ̫һЩŹ֣˵ǰʲô㣬һϲӣҲʲʲô̽С顣
а׼ɽǰ˵麣һ𣬰ż¶ɷ֮˵йأƸɽСʦһ£һʲô֢Ͳˡ
˺֢ЩβǣõС
һ뵽˵ĻвҲһɫ
麣ɹһ壬Ѱҩ޷޲еҽбȻἰɹ֮һֻаƪزǺɫʯѾŮ洴õɫʯֻڴ˵УǲĻö֪ȥҩˡ
ĻӰСͷһ֣;Ĳ³ȥ
һ꣬ͣ磬ɽΪһֱפ㲻ǰ麣ĻӰУԪֻʣ¼ʮˡ
ۣҡҡͷͼ뷨вĬģʦֶ޹츳Լ׼֮£Сʦ˵⣬ʱһھͻֵĸʿ԰ֻǱͻơ
˼Щʱֺرץʱһɽ˲
ôڷЦЦƺѾָһʲô⣬ϸܷ۵׵Ľꡣ
һ볤ģ˼¹ֵͼ֮һ¾ʧˡ͵ЩǳȥģǱضǺݽɫģɱʱ֮衣ֽ֮⼸룬СģǰһçײԸ˵Ļӡ
롰šһǰƿصȥһᶽġ
еķô˵ʱסΪͣ
ûΪ͡ûһ㷨ֻһЩʱһ𡣡
˵Щ˼صͷⲻܿƵ
һĨ⣬ǰͣЦкܶʱģұ֤Ļ̺ķֻǿտƾŵԶ㲻ϣȴ̲סŲɡ
ͷ˫Цǳ̾ͷƶʱɢˣȡ֮ǰ಻סȸԾһ˲䣬иֳҪǧҪѿڶ
̶̰գʱϲʱֵۣ֮ȴܿƵسУ֮һ֣ν̹ġ
šֻһƮƮڣ֣̽Сֱס
ǰĺˮ
СиС֣ʵһ㶼Сʮսĳǻվںϣֻƾ۸԰Ǻһ
˵ǰСͽСڵʮʱƸɽֻǾеһĵΪδսƸɽưθߣոһСΪֽģһµĴأ˭Ҳ벻СͽƸɽ
ſײȳԤϵСһЩ
ֻһЩʿ
ĻǲѶԸ롣ʱԶرɫƺԪӤǳϤ
һڵŹ
ɫ΢䣬Ǳŵӡ
䣬ǴһѣһڵӦ˿ս
гԼķɽȥȹȥҲһ¸ȳشƵԶ
һԥԴȥ
ֶ˵ãԱһʱ᲻ΣգһߵĵȻ֮ʡ
һȻӿ죬һ׺磬գ۾͵һڴ
ֻʮʿɫΧס
ǾǷ纣¥Ͷơ


102 
Ʊһ, 纣¥ǰ, ϶ദ, ɫӱ鲼Ѫ, Ϣ΢ٲȻֲ֧˶áΪǳ, ʿභ, 岻ֻ֣ܸż
Էʮ䱻纣¥һ裬ʧ, ܿһ𹥹ֱָ, ǿĻ˶Ĺ
ۿ̾Ҫڴ, Щʿ¶ɫǵĵûάֶãֻһһ˲Ǳһ, Ӧ, ŷеķѻ˷мЩҲɢ
֪ĳֵİŮӾڷ纣¥ǰеĽ޷, ȴɭϵĽնһС
Щʿ壬еĽ, ĿⲻԼͬüĵɰϣʱ¶֮ɫ
Сʦ壡
ӣ
纣¥Ͷƿˣ־ϲ뻽
˵ͷһƿҩ纣¥Щ˵ʲôˣΪҪӺеӣ
˵䣬ʮӰū\зֳɸİΧȦʮΧסÿһӰ׼һ˱ģǶҶЩ˰Χ룬ƱһȴЩ˶סˡ
纣¥һ˲תս֣ʵƴ֮һ̽ɵ𾪵СʦΪˣ
뿪սĳʱԪӤΪŹ˲һ꣬Ϊѿܸݡ纣¥ЩԸ˶Էôˣ³׷ԪӤʿһӦʮʿܵķգԪӤڣһߵǶԷǿıߣʤ㶼ûС
ЩʿϷ׷¶ԥĺâȫڳһ֮䣬ǲҲұһ͵ǽԳĬ
纣¥潩ţ볤ΪȴǰϵѵСʦ壬ȰסҲ١
ҲáӦһһתסЩ˵硣
ʱԶһ磬һ˲סЩʿӰɢֱȥ
һѷɽ̫죬ֻüܽ񵲣ͬʱӺ󳷣Զ纣¥֮һתȻǵĽסǱɽնأնϵķɽʧ˹󣬱ͬͭһ㣬˺У𼸵ˮ
ὣסĿڣɫףǰѷɽƼֱͣӳ𵴵ƱػᲨ纣¥ͶƣֻѹǷɽԷȥϵľĴŽն䣬һѪӿ֮Щվȡ
Сʦ壡纣¥ƽŵ߬ס䣬źתɫϽ
ҡҡͷʾԼް߲ԾƮ뿪ķ򣬼ûʲô԰ġԸոһϣѲ͵Ϯ֮ΪԼ֮ϣǻʿ֪ԼӦˣֻһ·ߣɿŷ纣¥ͶƣɵΪ
˻磬㶯ö䲨Ҳˣɷ纣¥ͶûбֻԪӤǶпܱˣҪ˺߲죬ܴӴ˵Ҳܿ챻׷ϡ
Ǻã
˼ʱȻֵ
ݵӳںϣһϮ£Щ񷲼仭еʿ߹ƱЦӹ֮ˣһҶĳʵ岻ѡ
󻹸˾ŸԪӤʿͬǲ´磬鹧ЩС
һ֪Ƶı͵Ϯ֮ˣʣ˭
ӻδڣƱҶϪ΢ƺڼеη
󲿷УҶϪǸʮ˾ӣɶƳг壬ڳиּ˵ĹţÿÿἰǲмһˣҶϪһֱ֮ϲĹĶǣϲǸòȻαӡ
ҶϪһۣ΢΢һЦС㣬겻ʺ򡣡˵Żһ񣬽ֳ纣¥ͳҾ񣬾ֹܵë
纣¥䱸ؿᣬʲô
Ҷĳʹѣ뿪ǰЩ˵أû뵽Щð˷ѺͶС㣬λҵϷһҶϪ˻֣Щʿæһ¶ظı顣
ʹѣĪ
ǡЦҺͷʦ·˴Щ¼Ǿͺɱ֣²һ͵˵ȸɱ۵
ҶϪɫģСˣ⵱֮һ㶼ûб𴩵Ĳڡ
ת룬Ц֪ӻݹ٣ҶĳӦǣҴ۷ܣӲҪ֡
üȻҪΪλ͵Ϯ
ʱ̫ԶҶĳ°ΣѲų²ߡҶϪ̾һǰûڣû˵ӣȻҶĳİ
̲סڿ˵ñȳû
룺ѹǷɽϵЩ¶Ҫشǵ¡뵽⣬ɫ䵭˼ֱ֣Ե㵽ʲô
ҶϪ΢΢һЦ𣬺ɫһ䣬
ͬʱЦʲô벻͵֣˶䣬ǲҪΪá
Ů˵̣ûа壬Щ˼
һֻ̽ʮڵӰӺһ컺ƽ֮ǰûиеκ쳣Щ˷·ƾճֵġΪԼûвΪԷΪ߹ԼԼӲ̽㷢ǵʵҲԪӤ̶ȡ
ܿ죬ʶǰȥķʱһ䣬תһ룬ЩԪӤʿ壬⣬ûκϢǶشɾ뵽㣬ֲסнҲܴеǰ˸ӡͷֳʶȥѰڡ
Щ뿴ǵģЩͨڣľɢűϢ̫ǻˣε
ʲôˣҶϪ£
һ䣬ԪӤΪ̴˳ȥ鹥ЩˣЩɱоܲƾмһ¾ͱֳ˼Σһ˲ҶϪ¶¶ŵ飬ֻЩƵûһ͸Щʿӵǵ麣顣
ֻգۼ䣬ҶϪ¾˴롣
㶼ЩܣȻˡ
ʱȻĵԭЩǿܣֲġ
ܣҶϪɫ֪⡣
ǺǣȻˡȥǺᣬЦɳȴĪ˼ֺ⡣
㵽ʲôˣҶϪһ񣬴ССķʱˮ֣ˮ÷۵һƬƣΪԵ͵ļ˱ѹô
纣¥Ͷſ磬һרעѰǹǷ纣¥ǣѷǰȥġ
һνĿͶǴʱкسһŰµӰһӦ򣬿ɺܿʶǲǡ
ºͬͬкɫΣǻ棬һֻչɵķȹڣڻ׺Űɫƣö࣬뿴˵ģ㷢Ҳһ
ȻҲ˹ĳֻ࣬˷ɫףûѪɫԵЩ̬۽ǹճǰ޺촽ܱɫҲǳ͸ֹζ
ȣҪʻö࣬벻֪ԼΪλ᲻Ծ˵ĳԱȣӦ󲻾һ¶Щ
һǧ겻ˣ㲻ǵҲŮЦЦҿ԰һ£ɽţ˭ȥɥģܸüǵðɡ
ҶϪͫ͵һʲôµ£ɫ㡢ǡ½½룿
һսҲ룬ʱ½װʾˣȻᣬΪֶιڲ̣󲿷˶ӿǰŮӣֻЩ죬һʱûϳֱԷἰɥ
Ƕ˵һجΣصĳӱһǹĶʣµ˱ţʱԪӤΪ½̹֮㽫ʿѪűѪȾһǰʱΪԼڽӣ϶ԷȻı⣬һ۲ȥϵѪۣȻЦ㣬ȥͷӱɥɡ
Ϊ½Ѫżһ
½롱һҶϪ¶ʱŵɫɷףмƺͷˣ½Ϊڰ䣬ҶϪǶ֣пǵ״ضҡ
纣¥ͶҲԳֲ̿
½Ǹ֣͵ͬڱŰɱ¾
һսǻµ˲½٣½롣Ϊ½٣ǽʹ㱩¶ǰǿһۣԽ˵սľһӵӰʱսϵҺ֣֮ȴʼЦ·ֻǳϷ
½룿һһɺ⣬ȴΪԼ£Ϊ֪Ǹ
ҡҡƴɢȥҶϪɫҰףǰ緢һû¡
ģ½뿴ҶϪʵѹøͣЯϳǵı䡣
뿴Ȼע⵽۾һȳǳһЩڲЦʱ򣬿Щ顣
кظֳŹֵĸоòһܴ½ϿӰӡǳɫڷ˳Ҳһģһģʱʹûйֵĸо
ҶϪ˿Żָ˵ֻǻЩͣѾ˴ˡ
ˣ½Цĸˡ
ҾͲ֪ˡҶϪŵֻ¡
½¶ЦǸԨһȥݷá֮󲻵ҶϪκλӦ˻ֵ
ҶϪʱٴһ˵ڶʹҴ뿪ˣûãʣµҲһɶ
뿴½룬սū\֪ԷһԹܷŹһڵĵӣȫ䱸ǱߣԷͻɱ֡
½ȴûпһۣĿתҶϪ뿪ķ򣬹һκظģĹΣ֮󣬳뷢¾˱仯ϤӣòҲǡ
ţͿ˵ȥ֮ǰȫӡ
ô£
֮Ȼʶɫļĸȥ
Сʦ壡纣¥Ŀ֪﷢ʲôȥֹ붡ƽһǵҧҧҲ˹ȥ
˺ĵϣһ۾ͿˮߣѾ˹ȥ
򣡡ǰһڣӷɽºЩվȣܹȥ
ֻ»ʺķƺǻһ֡
ıѪ£ָȾ죬ָ䣬ϵķС


103 
⸱ģ, ֻʲôը, һ˼Ƭ, ֻããһƬ
ǰЦ˴ʱ˫Ŀ, ɫ԰ףЩ
򡭡ֽһ, ΢Ű, ԷȻϢ΢ȴʲôˣ֮, جͷЩ
ڴصڵ, ˲Ϣ֮, ֮ʱþĶǣ󣬼ָмѪ䣬æסǵ˿ڣһƷ, һԴ﷭ҩ
Ѫֹס, ָһŵҩоԷϢƽظ̾һ, ȻʼŵϵӡǷ㶡
е¶ȱЩļٶȲ򡭡, սֱۣ뻳Уƽռݵĺӿֳѹ
ʱ򷢳һȣֱ۱ģıԹڶˡ
ǸæɿһЩе㻹𣿻ûˣ
ûСץֱۣˣ˸λÿͷȻ̾һֻ΢еҪϢһܻ
Сʦ壡û°ɣ纣¥ţͶƾһǰһĵϣ뻳˲Լͬ
ʦã
򣡡
ü벱ƫȥˡ
һ˵˽ƽ٣һͼҰ׵ɫʱ񣬼ܶԹ벻ء
󰲸Ƶĸ첲Ը纣¥ͶƵСһЩ˵֣£·󱲴Ҫ
纣¥Ͷƽ˸ӡУ¡
һζƺִ¾Ͷʱڸûֵ췭ظǰشʲôûһ
ǲе֡ư纣¥ǰĳӹҪʱһֶ˵һ˵Ļȫ¼ҲֻбҳֽԹһ䳳ͽСЩ
纣¥˿룬ֿ˿ԥԥΪʦ˰ɣ˵һ˲ѴСʦЩҲ
ܾùŹֵġƴųǵ̬вɵð̾һżûѣ
纣¥εҡҡͷ֪ƶԳĽýͳйص룬Ǻ԰οʦãڲ̸Щʱ򡣡뱧ǸЦЦСʦ壬׷ʲôʦôˣ˵¿һʵʦûһ𣿡
Ѱسֻ֮ɫ̾ʦˡǰȡ˳Ϊ˾ңԱԪӤͬھˡ
纣¥ǰ뺣δӦЩţ뺱ԵƵĺۼ󣬶ʱ¶˵顣
ʦҡҡͷ뺻룬ʦǰջᵽʦ壬˵һҪȰƸɽ
һ߶ҲĬĬͷѰϤչͬţⱻӰ졣
Ƹɽһʦ¡պ뺣ŵ﷢ʲôҲ
֮ͷʵΪʲôҪ½ģ
ôƺ򣬶һ˿㵣Ѱأûоȥ˼Щһź֪Ӧ˵ʲôʱԳѰȥİѹС½㣿˵͵غһˢس齣ɺܿ͡סһ½ԣΪô½룬á´һ򣬡Ҳ񡣡
½ģҶİοī¾˲ˣС֪ĳࡣ
ЦЦһۣеľ֮һ㲻ѷ
ʦã侲Щ纣¥æʾⶡ԰꣬ʦþ񲻺ã˵ɡ
½ģôҶϪָָϵķ󣬡սʱ£䱦ʱϰ˼䣬˵ͶԵ鱳ҶϪ˵ЩĹ¼ԷǱϣұ˼ƣԻαװ½ӣû뵽ôš
룺ӦǴΣ˵½뽻ã֪Щ֣룺ֲܾ½뿴죬ԭǰٰġ
˵ú˵һαۼƵıۣͣһżҷ΢ѰƭֻðѪ󡣡
纣¥ŵϵķѵǻʦǴѧģӡһû󷨡
Ƴһ۷ֵķţǺпЩ񣬲ɵúЩ
û˵꣬ͱֹȲҪ
ΪΣɵ
ʱ֪Ϊã̫Σˡ͵ǣ࣬ӦƸɽʦٴӳ飬ô˵ҵľǣˣ֮£ʱҲҪᡣ
һ£˵ЩӦˣֻ̲סһ䣺Ϊ֮²Ҫ᣿ҲΣ𣿡
̾һΣգ鷳˶֣סָпΣ˿ĶʦͽȻ粻Ʒǰ壬˵֣̫˲Щ¶˵Ҳ١
ֻΪԲڷ翴ʵףҲкܶʿطһԽҪǺָ
ʣԺ𣿡
ģǣһҪѸ¡ЦЦԷ纣¥;һóѽҵģ͸¶ݣҲøǣЩ֣ǵִͬ
óĪҮҲ˵ͨľչ£ڼһֱҮһѧЩûܣҮȻܿö˻ľϵģҲЩŵĺ塣
ԭˡ纣¥˼ص˵ͷʣһһ²⣬Щô£
ȻµġȻץߣЩЩʿϵþҼˣǡЩó
֮򵥰뿪սĺľ˷纣¥Ͷƣ֮ûʲô˵˽պͽѰ
뿪Ҿ͵˵Σա纣¥ĪǾǽǰ
Ӧ˵ͷ뿪׷ᣬЩӲ
ȥͰˣֻǵظ˾ֱӴ͵󣬽ְ;еõ¸˷纣¥ͶƣͳΪλ⡣
֪ϰ磬ЩʿһǳģһͿʼѰ䣬ϧһ
˵꣬纣¥ɵôͷ̾ϢҲ֪ڲ߻ʲôԭΪʹǰһϮйء
һϮɵô£
Ǳʦǰȥ̨īǰ˹͵Ϯһڣʦֻɽš
īǰī㣿ǣЦЩ̣͵Ϯһڵʲôˣ֪𣿡
Ŷ߻ġ纣¥ȻһڲҲΪǰƺһ֪ʦЯ뿪ûϵԼı©
ī˶ܣһЦмֻǳϷ
ϡǵˣïֱΧʱͶڳī㻹˵ʲôɵҼǵǺʦͽѵǲһµ𣿡
˭֪ءЦ̾һ۵ްɫǶ˰ɡ
纣¥һۣεؿһӵ֮īǰǴæ֮󻹺̫ʦһǰ̨Ѱǵ䡣
պԵһúøл
ֻһԼƺЩųī㣬ӹŹ֣ϲ˭˭ȫƾ飬Ҳû룬תʷ纣¥Ϊλ⣿
Ͷʦûսĳǵġ纣¥ʵغһۣƺڿ֪
üϷʵΪβֱߴܲԼɵñȴ󻹿ɡ
Ȼᡣ纣¥ЦʵһΪͶʦûȥ֣;ЩϢ
ʲôϢʵע⵽ɫһ
ģŷ׷ǲɽаһЩ겻µɶ㳲ʦ²֮ɽ۵֮أĻ˶ԱŲ˶෬֪̽ЩɶѰͬһҲŲߴ˳㿴᲻ʲô֡
ۣʲô
ţ˼ͬ޻̸֮ĸ֡
֮ǡ


104 
̹ȥ, ɽ, ִɽµ, ЩЩΪ̹һ, һЩ״Ů洱ǷǴ޲ľ, Щ, ԻΪǿֻؽףνһָ֮
Ϲʱļǻ, ۽ЯѪȻˮܹΪֻ, ӵǵ
ֱ֮, ½;ˡ
˵£Ҫҵ֮Ǹǳ˵Ρ
纣¥֪Ϣ߳ͣƬ̱һ˵Ҳﲻʲôæ, һ, Ϊ׸ҹζࡣЩԸҲ֪ڲԼˣӵʱ, 򼸾Ҫעӣֶų뿴˺üۣһͷ纣¥뿪ˡ
뿪, 򳤳̾һԨйء
ӷ纣¥˵ں֮ɽļţ뱻Ƿ֮󣬵ʱаֽгֻ֣Ԩָʹˡ
䱦ϰԵʣѰʲôûǸܱȵ䱦ҶϪ䱦ȥѰ֮ǣֻܴ⡣
𣿡ʡ
Ҳ֪Ϊ֮ǣҶϪʱӦòҶȥҶϪԨ
յŮˣľȻƽƶʲôһҼԨӣʲô⡣
˵ԨӡЦǶʲô⣬ֻһ¡
ʲô£
õۣЩƣԭں֮ɽŵԴֲЩʿǰ̣һ
Ĭһ̾Ԩ֮ɽ֮ǣÿһ鷳һ鷳ǽͷۡ
ǾͲҪˡӿڵͷ۵ĻͲҪˡ
ۣЦҡҡͷ£ҲͶһˡָ̧ϳжκʹܣҲǣУҵȻҪȥŪס
ǵůƵģԵͷģ߽Ƶ̾Сʦ˵޵ôҵڶ֪ʲôΪʲôƽ޵ôЦЦֵʱһʲôСʦһһ˵ҾͼסˣҲֻǼסֶѡ
Ϊ۵Եʣʱȥյ壬Եø˳һ˲ްɫĴָḧüǣҾãʲôǳνˣҲǶ꣬һЩ𡣡
ֻΪ֮ͣ
еɻЦҡҡͷһ仰С֮֮ǡһ仰Сӷ㣬֪֮֮֡ͣȻǵĵ˶٣ɤԳֵֻҪǾͿԡ
˵ͷ̧֮ۿɫɫƷھôˣܸ·𣿡
ȻѰ꣬ǻӰ죬óɫ΢ʱӿ뿪˴
ڻСҡҡͷϸֳǣЦЦһ¡˵ָָ촽
仰Ǵ㵵ۣĿ
ڶŪһ¾ָܻɵĿ˫ӯӯǳЦǳУͲҪΪ棬Ըסҧס´ֻաⶼ̵شԼһ˲ľҪĳ
𡭡Сʵë˲βҲŲ˲
ġԱۣ΢ʣ͸еЩҵϢ
´£ѵˮ㣬մ˿
Ҳ̫ˡЦɲۣǷѹ޳Ľëߴĺϵ¶ԵͣЩ⣬󽥽ůֱմȾһԸߵȶȲŻ뿪
𡭡㿪Ŀ⣬ͨ죬۽ǶѬȾ˼΢졣
죺ʵҺ˵ԡ;óӽһ̲סЦųվȸ·ɡ
šһһ𽣾Ƚū\ջؽϻȻ󽫷ɽűߡ
ʱԤ׵أһƿնЯŲΥƽķɽڵء
ʲôˣһǴ˿һū\ٶȳϻŷֳʮӰ⳯⣬ԼΧܲ͸硣
ֻһһһ̤źˮǲƽϣһ˿ˮûһֻǷѰȴԳĿĹʡ
ϳǽԼˣеʱգ̲סһʵ˭
ǰվĿӹ֣ϸֳһ˿񣬵ڣǧС˵;𽣣뿴ǽƣ볤ӱȽΪֻ۽
ü󣬵ҲȽǾǽˣһԨģǿЩ뿪
ǧһЦɲ㣡δһ
ǽӿ뵣ӳܲס𵴣̽룬ͬʱӭǰū\סԷ
һ˲͸еԷϵȫ˻ȥֻζѣʶթĵã֮ǰµĬھһƻӳ
ɲǼ䣬ɽкһжУĺˮƱľӣһ˷ӿˮΪǧУķ
ǶȹԪڵ˳϶ܸܵ𵴡
ӳƺ󣬳һ۶ûȥǧУǷɿػȥǴһ뿪һѲԭʱ׹ߣЩվȡ
򣡡źһͻӳʮ˷ȥѰټ
ĪǸո˵ţֳʱȻһɳƵԶƮʱˡ
ͬʱͣ˳뾱ࡣ
ӿƽϢˮ۳꣬ػغУǧϵ±ѪȾ죬ѵ¶Ѫģ˿ڣȴȻ㣬վñֱɽ¶ϵѩɡ
û뵽㾹ֻϧһ񡣡һЦҲãˣȽʱҲΪѹ㡣
󣬸ನδƽĺˮ뿴һˣȫںصĺɫ£ֻ¶һְֻֻ֣ļָУסʺ
ָֻһ£Ҫ׷롣
벻֪ǧεסöģҲûȥ׷Ǹ˼ϵУ
ǧмԼӣŭ룬д裬ȴӶô
ü˵˲ȽܣּŭֻȻȴǧвҪȽôúܣ˵Ҳ˲١
ǰ˵ٴҲ֪κǳؼǼ¡
㣡ǧֻǲԼɫѿ˶㽣δɾ˿ѴĽø㣬θġ
õĹؼȫڳϣסŭҷֳʤȻ
䡣
˭ϳҲ˵˵ǰһȥǺǡ
ʼգ࿴ǧһۡ
ǧеɴۣûϵ뾹׾˵䡱֣ʱûҪƲסִ֡
ԭɫأʱһЦ˳ԭעų룬ЦƺҲЩ⣬򣬲ڶñµĿƶ˼̽Ѱζ̫ˡ˵һգ̶һϸϸĺߣܿѪ䡣
ס֣ʧеȥֻǺܿ;һأȴǱǧԽס򲱾Ѫŭһ˲ǣХū\𣬻ҫ۵Ľ⣬
˿һ˸á֣󻺻ʤˣҾͷ
ܵͣưܵķ䣬˻Ƶô̶
Ǿ仰볤Уؿһ򣬽촽ףʱ麣𣺡û£취רӦҪ񡣡
˵䣬ǧһǰ
ôܲķҵ룬ͬʱū\סԷһ˲ͱϵľ˺üֱһ顣
ǧйûпΪѹƣǴԽƣĽ죬ÿһжܳȣϵ߸ϵĵЯɽ֮ƣԿĵûС
ͼ룬ѰһѳսȦɺܿͷԼʼڶԷ֮£ĽԷ޼£ʱԵ֧׾ԷÿһĽһ֡
ˣ͡ɫò԰
ģҲ¡ʱԺҪȥһء
һƬĺǰظֳɽҰӣɫ


105 
֪һʲôģ, ȴûۼһ, Ҳ̨Ļ, ֻɽ֮ǰδע
ɲ֪Ϊ, ܾԼǼƵġ
У岼, ÿ϶һ, վߴȥǸˮϵƶ䡣
ϣӳһҡҷ, ճʵĹΡ
ƻá
һȥʱѹȥ, ڵ֮ճ, ͮӣɫһƬǶľ󰡡
ܲ͸ĽУԷսƿɴݳǣüЩȴƬеһƮԶ, ۵׸ֳ֮ɫ, еĽ
ǧһϲ֮ƵҵĽ, ֻǽҶѣԨչ黹ǿۡ
ĵ׻µʧͲʽɢȥΪ֮Ľ³, жʱֶڱصã˫ٴཻʱԷʧ־ڱصãһѴ֮ͽū\žһݳ
⻯һ磬ֱüġ
һ˲еɾͱ˾㵡
ֻһ죬Գ𣬻һɫĨɫͬʱѣֱĽд뼧ǧдͣʱū\Ѿϡ
·ոʲôûһ㡣
ⲻܣǧдֱţĳ룬ƽոһ
֪õǺֶΣֻ̧̧ѡ
϶ҲǽңοԼ˶񣬷һӳ
ɭϣ֮ǰѹȸ
תۼֱ⡣
㣡ɫѿ̲סʣǲָ㣡
ûСеĽʵԼҲЩ׷ʲô
ҲΪı֤ҲΪгƬ̫ҲǽôúԼ˼ǧг·Ҳƽɢľǿһ͸
̫ӣҲ̫кܶ벻׵ĵط
Ρ
ֻҪˣܾȳȻͿһȥԴˣɵȻһЦ
̷ת
аԵ֯ǵصߵİһ˿УͥŲū\ΧУʵ򻮳ȼѽԷĽƸ֧顣
ڿɢһжĽȾ⣬ԳɢĽ⣬ûпȥ룬ҲûпʲôЩȻȻģûʶ֪УƬѱء
񵱳佻ʱнʱȣڴ˴Ľٿң͵Ĺ⣬һء
ǧеڱصһ㱻ĥ𣬽еĶׯȽȡ
ʱһֱüģˮǡƹ֮硣
ոһһޣʧɫȴѰһ˿ػļ϶ֻˣ۳ɻܣŵסһ
üͷȻһѹɳƵáܺá
ӿ֣ƺڼĵĿϲ
ͬˣΪ㿴ôˡʵˣʵ˵ǡ⡯
޹ء
ǻ⣬ˣĻ𣿡
ûлشֻһŹֵЦ
ǧսֲΪ֮ҫǷɽȼᶨӦ˽ףԻִץסһϣȴΪλ⽣
ĽʽȴһһϦѧģڽ׺룬ɬޱȣֻһ۾ѧᣬҳǽưģ£ûЩжĶֱ̥ڽס
Ȼϣɳһȷǽԭģ
ȴҲ֪
ոշԷŴп϶ʶһ̳ûж룬ǧŷӦ⽣ǰĽȷʵмơ
룺ʼһһȻΪ˵жƵΣ·Ҳûʲô֡ǧԳ⣬սپΪãǲٽͣӽ׷ȥ
ΪʲôΪʲôǧ૵ǼһģһĽƣȴ޷ƽ⣬ֻٴԻܵסĽȻؿڷϲɵ¶־š
̵Ľ׵ľУûзڴУղءԨǿὣףҲǴ䣬ͿԳûӻٵ
еĽ׷·Ӧʲôѳȥ
ֻǷ洦ɼƤֽѣΪʲô
Ȼ򳯼ǧкҼǵ˵Ϊƴȴʤѷ֣԰˰ɡ
ǰû뵽㣬ȻǧеĻܶ˻ΪȻУѺ㷴Ӧͣ½ˡ
ǧʧסؿڣӿڿ侲ݺжʱӿֳʣϤû𽣣ûн
һһɢ汻ңʱɸߵˮԭһ쳤˼ʮ
ǧС˾ֻǰſ֣˷ǧУҪ˵Ļ
ʱ͵һ֣մѪָת˲ͻѪɫߡ
˿ѪѪָ⣬Ȼ󲻶ɫȴźи
ʲô𾪵ֵ£ȴʲôûץ
ֻһŻ̼䣬˶һŻ𣬺ָл棬ȴûκӰ졣
ǵʧˣٴγ֣ںģɢȥ³֣ľ˾άεûУκ׹˺
򣡡뵱̤ϷɽǸȥ
ǡ𾪵ؿԼտҲģɳƵɤеһγǿҵȻǡ
δ˵꣬ͼһˮзɳƵԼãһ漴һһصĶܳǰԨӴķոס˳˼ǧһ
öѣǧҲһ٣ȴԴӶĿ룬һն䡣
Х뱼ȥɲǼ䣬һжֹˣΪ治ƣ綼ͣˣֻǵ⣬ᴩء
ǴĽһʽ졣
ǧŮ忴ƵӰӺŲûκλֻǻӽѣȴưһнУ򽣹һһţ쵱Դ˽ֱ磬õıȻһС
ûʲô赲һοлΪ
ʯ䣬һҫ۵Ĺ⣬ɢõضɽҡɼǧһȴӿӰת˲ͱɫû
ôң˷ŭĺ˫ȭͷ죬ŭ𼸺ҪΪʵ塣
Ľ£ǻʿҲἴɳ
һʱ䣬ذˮƵģӿڣǽļĵת˲ͻҷ
һ˲ȴͬʱ¶ŵɫ
ֻӰԼһ׹⣬ֻܰϸϸһߣȴԳƬ衣
ԭѲһȴͻȻֽһ׾ͱǵ׹նƣɢͬӰһɢȥ
նưɫĽȴûʧǵĽǹһУѹö
ؼһжʧˣֻʣһ⣬ҷĺۼ
ǧеǽǺҪᴩأһؽĻһΪ
ˮп¶µ
ǧеʧȥ˹󣬱˳ªķʱɷмҲ񱻳ֱͦıͣеĺӻ䣬˺֣ȴʹһ˿̻ء
סܣ콣⣬ʲôȫǿܵıӻûбУһϳһƣʱӿ룬ϿµѪۣҧͷųſ磬ͼһЩˡ
֪˶ãʧ
صĶѵһڵϣǰ̤һǧϣͬʱʼʩչѰ
ûκʿϢѲ֪١
ԪӤʿĽų̣ķΧοں̽˳ķɽ
Ϊɣڷзķɽ⣬ͽ߳Сѡ
ΪλҲ
¶ɫƳϲİ׹⣬һΣ΢ɤ
ǼǧУʧ緢֪Ϊ˹أΪĿһ
ˮʧ˻Ƶǰš
ǵǳǳİ׹࣬ˮûʲô𣬿ϸͻᷢߵĲƲͬСۺѿΪԸߵˣ׿Ρ
Ƭֳ֡
ûκεϣҲû磬ɢеĽȴõر
н޶˵ȴֻǴ˵Ķˮ
µһضû㾳硣
ɳȴˡ
֮ЩڼǧеĽ£ɲ֮ǵһ˴Ľһʽ죬նˮ
Ե޳ɴ˽Ҳ˰ɣǧпЦˣǿ壬˵Ľ׵䣬һ̧ͷͫ͵һؼ㡢
˵ĶñƣķʧЧˣǧһ̧ͷͿ
һ̣Ҳ˵ˡ
йᴩ麣ǽҲɢ
еĹˣһ㻯紵ɢ
˿һۺǳǳĺۼˮ
ɳƵɤмȻִм˼
ţϵĴ䣬Ѱһȴûзֽ׵Ӱӡ
ôܡǧʧĵط˲Ϣ⣬ʲôûС
ϸϸһߴ䣬ʲôûҵķҵػһһĵ÷飬פԭ˼Ƭ̣뵽ʲôĨȥ򶷵ĺۼȻ뿪ˡ
츧棬ƣɽ÷Ȼţȴȥ


106 
ƸɽѾ¹˺üѩ, Ӵ, ҼһŲ, ǰͺͺ֦⽫¡յ쾡¡
ɽѱںĻѩ, Ǵɽ겻ɢ󣬱ܿƬɫȿֺԾ
Ȼɽߴ겻ıѩ, ɱѩ֮, ȴǴůƴӲ뿪
ڻɽı£һ߷޿Ϻ֮, ǡ˼䴫˵еɾ
ɽվһӵĸ¥ǰ, ԡں, ȴûа죬üͷŻĳ
Ÿ󶥵ķӡкطһ̾Ϣ
¥Ϊϼһڵ౦, ǲལڡǧȶһڱϼȡལ
ˮ˵õ, һľΪľƣȴޱ, Ϊߵǿͻᱻâˡ
ʱõལƴΪɽ֮ȴһֱ֮߸, Ī˵ˣŴӶԵһ
ˣʱдԷзལֻһڵĻԣˮǵ콵ԵȥüͻȻһں׼Ϊĳϣѱͷˡ
ҲͼǿɽţȴԱɽأδܽһڱƵöòལĵز
ֱһǧǰн˷ˣལŵһγǰ
ǻĩΪݴǱǵޣֻһͻ龳磬ֻϧһɥʧΪޣΪԶʱ󲿷ʿװ᲻ɴݣ෨޷ֺһ޲ߡ
һڼ˲ལʱ񾳽سֲལڽ£ƽⳡҪ㸲ɽӵ
һս󣬱˸һڣȻԺལһֱϼ󶥲㣬Ӳҡ
ʦεǿ齣û˸ҽལᲢۡ
ʱδţֻһӿŹǳĶǵ£ʶ޻صı£ҲۼǱı
ΪǱ֪øһЩ
˵ལȻǴ㡣
ΪľƣԶòܻܿ齣һڲŻôõʱﶼ֮߸â̫ʢΨΪĽ޷ܼԦ˷ᱻˡ
Ҫͷ׶òལ
ǰǧȳĽѵһ¶ǿ˷֤صޣԭΪһʹལҲԱ갲Ȼݣ˭֪ϡ֮ɽܾԨӺһڱʸ֮ģ֮ǰī˲߻͵Ϯһ񣬵һ
ӵ˸˼Ź᣿
ºʦ治֪ʱܳأڴ֮ǰԱҲòལɡݷһ̾Ϣ
ʱһ縧ضһӰ۰룬ľġ
æͽʦ
ľİ˰ʾض̧ۿϼ󶥣ֿһݣʵݶȡལô
ͽ뷨ûзϣúͼλ
ལľϳһ˿㱣˵꣬ʦֳд˽ҲܲԨӡ
ЩԾֻ֪д˽ͬʿңȴû뵽ƥжʿ
Ҳǲ²⡣ľºʦ涼޷ƻǽ޵ףֻ÷סʦֵõལֻһͽնڽ¡
ˣұܷЩˡɫԻЩֻǺܿٶȳֻʦСʦöܶòལǧҪʲôذ
ٳûκϢǰô˵׷Ԩص£ڲһڽеλޣһ䲻һٲݾֹס
ʱľĵ˵ʦøմŻ˵µġ
һżҵСʦˣ
ûУѰЩ
һʿսۼĲмǸֺüͬѰ볤ĿǰӦû㰲ȫǲˣֽ٣ͻҪ·磬ԲŴŻѰ֧Ԯ
ʦû˵Ǹķ˳ǽзۼǼ˿ŵĿǰ㲻ʺ뿪Ƹɽֻһˡ
ԭЩʧ̾һǿЦЦǾʦˡ
ʱȻɽͷһһ˲ĺХЩϡ
⣿ɻٿǺ⣬б˪ĺۼոô
û˵꣬Ƴľϵ𾪺Ϳ־壬ʱӦ䣬񱻽˱ˮУͷÿ䶼ź⡣
ոһɲǣһϵʧЧˡ
ҲֹɽͷƸɽݵʧȥ˻ɽıӡ
Ǵδ£ȻʱѾָû°ۼ·ոֻǻþˣݱȴ亹乡
ֻθոսǳ⣬ǡ
ȥˡ
ɽ£½еĳǽϣ˼ʲôȻע⵽һĨɫԶôˣ
νûпΣɫףɫҴҳ½ǰھ͵Ԩץˡ
ʲô½ɫһѵо˼ѹȸУֻҲ˲϶ӲͷƤһһ
ԭûþͷֶԷ뿪սĳǣ䱦һûĹŹֵַǻ˼̳ƣЩ棬뿴֣£͵͵
˵⣬ע⵽½ٱв˼飬ұʲô֪ʱֻҪһϻ½پͲɫơ
Сƾںĵϲһׯ԰ųЯ뺯Ĳ񣬿ɻûˣͷҶϪ˴ֹȻڶ࣬վǲô򶷣ܿͰҶϪˡ
ҶϪ˽ں֮ɽϼµԨйأװ֪һ֮תһ½ҪԼŸģһ£ԼôҲƲϵ
Է֣û֣ǿͷҲֻǰװֻøϻؾɽѰ½١˵ʵ½Ѿ뿪ɽҲ御ԷҪ׷Ҳץİѱ˭Ѿȥ˼£½پȻڡ
˵꣬ͼǰӰһ½Ȼʧ
ˮУӹģʱˮϣ䳹ǡ
ۣëմЩˮһֻˮƣãвŵӳڵĻһٲ˽ҹĻȥġ

ͷЩج֧ӣū\ڵҷԭʧȥʶʱԽŽ֮ˡ
ǵԼˮУΪˡ
򡭡򣡡ʶԣѰܿ죬ڲԶһĨ¡
ûٲͷʪ͸ˣ鷢ϣĵ÷ɫ԰ס
򣡡æȥϺܻʩסζ˲ϣվȾһץ󣬲Էûʲô󰭣ĲŻָ
ֻʧȥʶΪ̫ԵʣЩ֣֮ûˡ
뽫ٲʩȥϵˮգھ˿ڷҩŴӴȡһ̺ӵ£չſʼϸ
кסһನѹ˺ףţе˼ǧһ
һǿ̺˲ɵԵƽһ谭ǽʹ˲䣬ַ·Ѿע
ܣ˼ضûУڱΧʱʲôӦ֮߶׵ԺԼĪֻΪϰߣŻʶһӳ
һ˲ؼƳһ޴ѷ죬ʧˣļˮ𵴵ʲôʧˣޱ޼ʵĺڰûһС
ʶԶǰĶս֡
ҲΪˣǲŻͬĵط
ֳʶԼ̽ͷ֣ͷգһӦĳߣҲʯɵĶһƬޡ
Ǻʧˣû谭Ҳ̽ͷٲеˮҲǣ˳ˮϣֻܸ֪޾ˮȴҲεĺߺ
ٲһˮ̶ˮ̶еˮ峺ףûκʡˮٲ£Ȼˮ̶һͷڵݵĵط۳ѵĺ뿴ͷĺڰС
СȣǸ棬ԱȼƸɽǼоɽͷûпȥ˹;ôǰĵѸٻָƺڳһˮһҲԶ£Ȼĳ
֮⣬ûκټҰݶ
˵ﵽʲôطȥκεطһֻƳ͸ŹŹ֡
Ҳ֪Ǻ»ǻ£޷ʲô̾һ
Ǹ˺ͼǧûиʹܹɿ˭֪ǲǲʲôµĶ뵽˺ˮߣڸתһȦٲµˮ̶ϣв˼־裬һȾʹƵԶˮ̶ľ룬ǰ˽硣
ſʲôڷһƣȴǸľϻ
ľϻһʯͷâλúע⵽ʰľϻ뿴᲻ʲôȴֱסˣ鿴һҲİ취㽫ľϻս˴䣬ûʲô취
ʱһȥٳûļ󡣳Щģ鿴һȴڵĺѾʧˣϢ𽥱ƽ೤ϵ˺ҲˣԼԤϵҪ࣬Ӧлָ˶һֱ˯Ƿ
̫˰ɣ˯գԾ֣̽ḧԷӡ
ЩϤ
ǰϵҲŶԷӡ
ʱʲôףֻ˯źⰲһɻĵ׹̵һƲĿ⣬ſ˺þúþãֱԼҲ˯ȥ
ԭʱѾʼ˰ָ˶٣кۺΡ
ڸ֮ǰѾϣЦᶺ˵ʲôȤ⣬ܻ
򡭡
һٶûк֣붼û
򣬶Բ𡭡
ΪŻᱻЩ£ЩҪˣݣûҪȥΪԶĶ֡ҲͬᶯѪҶϪᱻв䵽Źֵĵط
ѹЩġ
٣ǻһ
Ժһúñ㣬Ҷˡ
ס֣Ƶŵԣܵϴյ΢¶ǳǳЦݡ
һʱ䣬𨣬Ϊ֮Ȼ
ŮϣɢڴϢԴ֪Ҫ֮Ǻ󣬴󲿷ʿ뿪֮ɽɣûʲôͽɹǲ룺㾡ȫҲѰ֮ǣΪȴġ
Զڴˣ轣Ӱı
ˣ˽һ£ǾЩϧ
գȻƵֱŮ壬ȴǸûж֮ˣûԨǰĻᣬŲɵôϲסȥ·ûü˵;ͷ£òΪ
½ٿҲһۣŮн磬еһ̾ͽ绮ơ
Ԩӱվ±ϣѲв֮ͣȴӶûŲһ£½վŻڣҴҸǸı𣿡
ģ½ûᣬֱ䡣
Ԩӻعɫ䵭ؿһǰû⣬ֻѾˡ
½˳Ŀ⿴ȥǳɫжʱŭⷭӿ
һյأʲôûУֻЩδȫɢ
ɱ½ڼӿ
ɱԨ˵ʲô޹ؽҪ£Ͼ˶ܵˡ
½Ȼͫϧ̾һһ¯˵ϣ¯һ죬Ѿϡ
Ҳ֪ڵڵıˣǧȣѾ뿪ˡֵҲףȻĿһ£Ϊβܺ
½ЦһҲˡ
Ҳǣ
ʲôʱ򡣡½˵ȥû߼Ԩ
ҿһ飬ǧȥƸɽ
ͣ²ӣɫָĮָеĳŪǾ仰ҪֻܿڱǣֻǡͷһԨ۵׺ӹһĨɫҪҵˡ
˫ǳɫ۾ԨӺؾñһ
η壬
㵽ʲôˣ̲סʵ
½Ѿˡ
͵֣߬һֱûʲôݺŤ
ʲôˣʲôˣΪҵ谭Ҷ޳ɴ
صŮϿգʱɽͷС


107 
ѻ˯, Ϣƽ, ǳٳٲתѵļ, ɫǺ˲١
ʱʱЩ, ֮侲, һ, һ˹ϢͬʱĥͼǧǳԣԱʱ֮衣, ȫȻʱпðΣյĹŹִС
ɽྭѲǰ, ɵ䵭ӷһһϦͻ׸ı, ֻںصϻ¶ԿƵʱ͸һԴŶͷ֪Ƕ߻Ծĵطȴû˿ꡣԣڵҲ͵ʱûʲô
, ϸϸ˽ʱÿһÿһʽ, Ķ̵࣬ȴǽУľڽӰ졣
޽, ս¾ʦ仰һֱ¶ʼղľΪ, ȴڲ֪ʹĶĽ
뵽򵱳ķ˽Ĺ£ѷֻƴձĹ£ĿΪ˺ƭһˣȴ˵
ˣɵ¶һĨεЦҲˣҲ֪ʱӴôɡ
ȻںŪˣĹµмֵͨ
ĵΪǳʵϺܶ϶ǿҺܶ࣬Ҳ֪Ǵѧġ
嵱ŵӵʱֻ꣬ѵѧô𣿳뵽ƺĵ伮Ͽʧ䲢ȫȻȴǰֻһ֣ʱԭѧʶᱣҲɡ
Ҳ֪ǰѰ˼ʱȻöһʹͷʹ֢ˡ
̴ܶ٣֮־ãǳˮƵģһһֹֻ۷ڣתѣθУƱʲôסʱҪԶȥʶģҧס´ֽ棬þһа취ѡ
ûҲʧȥʶʲô£˶Ӧԡ㷴ԼҪŲסʱץū\һӳ
ûĿʲôУֻܵһӳѣӽľٶҲʶġ
̡ȫ򵥲ĶһĽصһ𣬽ΧĻ谵ɢԼĪʹȻֻ轣ʱעתƵ˱𴦣ĽԺеʹ
ֻĽӶϢûٲУΪ񵱳ʱն¼鷽ʯ
˭ǽǹεϣɿˮ˺üɣмǱضϵģ·ǲˮǵİ籡
ٲ棬ԭΪɽİɫг˼ߣԭҲͷһޱ޼ʵޣȴָ֧飬ⲻǰƽҪһжնϡ
ǣ
ʶʲôʱ¡һƬռŤʲôˣţˮк£ԭٲת˲ӿĺԽԽĹ͸ͷİĻˡ
ˮʯһ£ź׵ɳˮݣԼܵ˶ķ硣
ԭǲδȥ𴦣ȻСֻںˮУС°صؾС
ʶӳһǵ˼ǧɽĽУ˺ؾڡ򱻾˽ٲԽڽµĺˮ
ǽطǳǿȻڳѺۣȴûбոǼȴǽ䳹ƻˡ
ˮʧ֧ţӿ˽СռعĺˮԸüǣûһⶴ߾ͱˮû
æԱˮ俪ٳһȫأͷĹߣһȥɲ˼;о޴ӭѹȥ
ӿĲֹˮд
ԭ͸ܵڳضź׵ıͺˮһ̾ٱһԴԴӣĪ˵߳ȥǱˮҪ֧Ųסˣûã͸еˮƮϣǼΣԽԽࡣ
óӿĺеվѾ䲻ףۿűˮ䱻壬ǿ䣬˼Σ۾ͱɢûа취һĶá
֮ܺǰһԽǻһϣҪʱ˿״ģһӳãܿ죬¾ˮҡһûվȣ̾ͱ˺˺óһΣòվסˣȴҲֻά֣޷ǰ
ȥҲǰ취һۺˮӿ֮ǴλúܸߣܳҲҪɽӳȥһķɽ֪ˮѸͣվڵ϶վȣ˵̤Ϸɽˡ
οΣڲˡ
ˮԴԴ֪ԼܲܳŵˮɾˮľҲûһ룬ôͶ·һˮӿֻ֮ģʶ̽Ҳʲô塣
뻹
Ȼ뵽Ե޹ںһ磬ΪƻڣŻᵼºˮӿ룬ͨȷ磬ӦǸտĺ׵ѨЩʲô񴦡
˼ʱжλ˵ʱһԣ֮¼ס˲٣˵Ƿ绹磬ضڵ£ˮڣˮǱݡ
ָӦǲʲô
ĵر֮ಢȤֻǴʱҲ޷תĵ˳£ľʲôΣվ͵޼ƿʩˡ
˵з˵Ϊ
ջؽϻϼ˺ü磬Ȼ˱ˮ䣬ûˮָ򴦶ȥ
УЩһöףգ׷Űɫ漸Ѻ۽ֲԭе·Ե׶֧ġ
ԵĹףѷŤƬ׿Ǽ׿ϼûһƽ֮ûмյˡ
Ǻáһ̾Ϣ
ɽ꣬ʼûܲϸ΢ȴúܣԸ״ǶȻأ֪һɲƮѩżȻȻ󣬻ɽҲû¶κ쳣ȴýµ˱仯Ҳ˵ﲻԾǾЧҲɽǰԾЩҪʱϸϸŲŻнֻڽͷöһ׮һ׮ֲľ
ľĺһ죬ûҵκ˿ǰȥ̨ȥ鿴ǳǽϵ󷨣üĿֻ˼׷飬ȫԱɽš
ǻɽƻٷ͵ϮƸɽ£ӦͲ֮ǰôˡ
οƸɽ󷨻ۣǾɽŽԺͻɽأһɽʧЧƸɽķˮܷܿ췭ظı仯٣йеƱرüޱȣϵıĻҵˡ
磬üĳŨء
ȻƳ˻ˡ
ȥ˭ͼһϮ۳̫ҹ㳡ȴǶղٵء
ʦݴϲصĻعھúأЩȥˣ
ȥһ˶صȥһЩϢ
ɵ֮ɽ붫йأ
صǣֻǶϢرͨطºʦԶΪ褶ͻȻ뵽ȥ
Ǻη
ֻ֪ϹµűºʦӦñȽֻƹأԶֻҴҽ˼ͿʼأδҲ޴𡣡˵̾һұȥ̽ԨЩ٣Ѱ˵ºʦ򽻵ˣңºʦ뿪ûãűͱ˵ȥֶֻܿ顣
Թԣǽ͵ʱҲ˵꣬㲻ˮ
ݳ˼Ƭ̣ˡð֪ºʦǰȥΪ˴̽£
ʱľģ֮λҲûǼ£һֱΪºԶΪȴ֪顣
ؿһۣЩԥܿºʦǲ£ƴ䣬ΪӦ֪顣˶٣Дȼ磬ʲô磬ǧټѰͻƣԨˣºʦˣҲ⡣
Ƭ̣̾˿˵ͷʵԨԣҺγĶֻҼ縺ɣý˽Ȩ⡣
ûдصͣȴһ˲Ȼǧ򻯣֮չľأΥǿΪ֮εͻơ
ţԶил֮⣺ºʦԶΪ֮
֮ĸ֣¶ı顣
ºʦҵˮʦõ֮
ػ䣬һݿѳԨҲἰˮʦ֮
ǡҲŻ뵽ȥüܿչָĮ飬ºʦԪʵʣ޼һԼţһڡһ̣Բžǰȥ֮Ѱˮʦ֮
ºߣԨӣïλʿ㶦֮ƣа໥⡣ïΪ䲻ԶʿԹºһȥ˳ǱԼ
Ѱˮ˵õ֮ºߵԵֻﻹˮõĲ࣬Ҳʹһڶ༸ɶЩɵ
ǰ©ϢֻĻ֮ˣԴֻʦʦ֪֮֮һ񣬱㲻֮ػź֮⡣
֪ԼʤаȻƽڿο䣬ȴֹűߣԨйأֻιºʦЩأҲöЩͷ
֮䣬ݾʵԸ棬زɵ÷һ̾ϢƬ̱ʦǻȥ̨ɡ
ʦǻٴӳɡݿЦҲܵĳ룬ɻɽǲóȻ뿪ʱȻһ£뿪æסʦ⻹һ󡣡
£
ǰʦһмɵĺˣӦ֮ɽ֮йأ֪ڲ߻ʲôʦǺˣ㽫ֳۼ˻Ҫ鿴
£¶˼ɫз֣
ʱûСݵҹվֻܲǶԷΪһ֮ƽϵαװԭʦֻ˼ȥ̨ʦһ֮
Ӧԣ󲼺ã֪ͨҡ
ʱȻһֻ׺׷˹䵽ϣһöơ
סƣмĴһ˼ֱӳġ
жʱ˼ֲ̡
ǿע麣Уǵץȡ˼άͼ䣬ܽ˷ΪҪ󼫸ߣֻлʿܰ쵽ҶֻΪԶѷߡ
ʩо٣ʱпһ֧ʱԾñ
а˶μ䣬ԭȻ˷˵ĥ
һ˲еĲ̾ͱ𾪡
⡢ôܡ˵ţʩչҪ̽лαͨм٣ضó
ܿ죬ϵѪɫ˵øɸɾȻǻȻ
ʲôؿ
ݽƵݸһ˲¾ķ硣
˸źķâֻиֳްɫֱ𣬼Ҫö顣
ܽóѡһһٵ
˵䣬ɱӡ


108 
ѨûоͷƵ, 벻֪Ҫˮд, Ҳһ, Ҳ, ĬĬ·λԽ, ˮļ, ҲŰӿˮػƣȻǳһ, ʱʱĸӦӲϾ, ȫȻϾȥʶλ, ʱȥ˶ö塣
߶ʧˣһƬײļ죬ӲʱʯˮݣЩȣ˼᲻ɴݵ, ¾ܽĻײѺ, ʱ޸磬и㲻롣
ʱȥ, ľչ黹˲٣ά٣ȥ, ˶ȥЩ
ͷԼЩ⣬֪ˣӦڴһ
һˮƻ磬ѺʱԶŵ
ɽϵһһֱ麣̲סս
µѹϼӴԴľ֮ƽһбˮеʯת˲ͱ˷۳ˮɸΪϸĭ
Ľֻһ̾ķѣƳ˷ѹİɫʶסĺԽõػ뻳Уһ˲ޱ޼ʵĺڰû
ɾ޴Уÿһƶ絶а˸ΣյķâڳµѪۡ
ѪƱʯʢĻ
ܵ˴Ĵʹʶһ˲Щ㱡ЩĻ棬һǰ֣ҲƱУйʶһĥȥӡؿѪ֮С
ǼѤõɫʡ
һ뿴ࡣ
˼ܿƶǼʱһĽ
ǽ麣ѩĽ΢ҷϸۼһ˲˺ֹİ裬ΪΨһĹ⡣
ԵѹȻʧɢȥ֡
ԡں΢УǰһУξһ㡣
ʺһ⻮׹ǣ¶ֱҪĻָƵģţɫѶϣʵӡƶƵͼ
½ٽ뺷ڣ漴һ֣Ϸȥע⵽Լ£ڽ䵭⣬иֳ֮⡣
зȡǰòŻԨӽĳֻһɫĵԭĳ̬ᱩ֮ȡõűţӡеܿƵܿͽһС
ǡŷ۵׺ػһɫ
ǣ¶ſЦ
ŮͷڱĿϢԨȻۣƲɢ¶ı飬ɺܿ죬˿ѽͱϲȡ
Ȼô͡
һţǰһɵľӣϷˮƣӳģĺӰ
ˡһ˿׷ʲôΪʲôô졣
ѱϲ߬סɵĻﶼ¶
Σܴˡ۹Ķڸʵ±ߣʱҪȥһ㡣
ڲ÷һ飬бľȡصۼ˸΢Ĺ⣬Ȼýһʱվȣķˤ䣬ղõʯҲһء
ô£Ҵҳȥ̫ҹ㳡Ѿۼ˲ɫŵˣ׷ӿ
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һڼ¾Ʋᷢ£ɷŵ𶯣ɽڿͻһûз£в˶
ʱҲ̫ҹ㳡һֱ˻ظԴš
סݣĪǻɽ󣿡
ָһ㣬ȴ¶ѽı飺ɽ˱仯仯Щ֡
ΣѲҪ⣬һܷ̽ɽͷķԵı仯
仯ȴĲͬЩͷԡ
ԭǻɽ仯¼ɽͷľʧЧɽŵػҲʧ
򼱴˲٣ͻȻдӿ룬ǵûʧȡ˸綼Զǰιˡ
Ҳס૵ڵǼ¡
ǰЩӲģס
غȥĵʱҪɡתеԶɽʱҲűȽϰȫ
ʦ˵ǡ̾һ
ֵἰ֮£ɰ׵
Ŀⰵ˰ѰŵڰءһϢͻϸҡϺظֳɬ֮⣺Ȼƿ٣ҲԸ׾ˣһʵΪ´Ϊʱʦ¡
޷صΪȻӦУ²òʡ
лʦԶеĸƣ뵽еɽʱȥʱȴ˽֮
ǲɱøˡ
ʱ麣дɽӽɤ
ǧƸɽؽ磡
ɫһݣԸ£³ç
ǣ
תأʦˡ
û˵ֻ˵ͷӰһξͳһߴ˫߳ġ
ܿ죬ɫڿи֣ɽͷ֡
벻Լˮȫʧˡ
һ޼ʵĿհУƮƮģ֪ˮУʶ̫֮

ͷУɤƮ¶˵ˮһһϴȥƣ
˭
ѡǵɤøˣߴ
˼δ˭ɵǸľͲԾ΢΢
򡣡ۣҰЩģʶԴƫƫͷĵૣ㡭
㺰ʲôʣ͸е˶ͷ֮ǰȣЩ٣ۣëɨ򦣬ţ۽Ǿͱסˣ̵Ϣǣ·Ҫӡõӡ
򡭡δεأͷҲЩ磬׷ʲô˫ֵסļҪ˿һЩÿһЩģ
ȴʧƵģûκν͵ͼؿסץס󣬽á
ţϸӡϣ¹̵ĺۼ۽շת£Ǽ⣬򥣬Ǵ
Ԫҹǰǳֹ
Ǿǻ
ʶ뺰֣ɲһڣ;ʲô˽סĻ
Ժһ˲ӹ̾޴룬ӽӲʶҪİĴɺܿǷ΢Сĵֿһ̲ˮ
˼ٶۣ֣ŶԷѲƵ̽ÿ䣬һ衣
ÿһ߲սܿƵϯÿ䡣
һ㱻ߣסָ£Ҫץסʲô֧ţɴֻвЩʪĿţսֻɿָţմ˳¶Ĳݡ
ѷǷʣǷٻˮ˿Ӱ죬ɴ˿ȴķαѹȵ÷ƣнʧȥãӷ·Լģܹ֪Ķġ
ǴݼȵϢŲƶģǽסָ⣬ܹܵģȫ
ԭǻ
ֹǼ򵥵ϢڣҡɽǶ˫һ𣬽ܲɷ֡
ޱظӶᡣ
ۣ۽Ƿ̡
ʱͣһ̡
򡭡
з΢̾ϢͬʱԴݼƳ컵
֪ãԼҪڴ˻ʹȥʱڷŹ
򡭡㡭ڽȥഹ࣬ʶУë΢ڵУŨأҪ꣬㡭
ǵԼԭӦ˵ʲôģһſڣȴֻ³ɲڡ
ǴĴУḧĴǣ̧ۣ˫ǳĳٿϸЩϵգһĻС
ᣬ·ƮԺòá
ʲôգգۣجͷԻ˼⼸ֵ˼ܿ죬δָƽȵһġ
ֻʦλʦ˶˵λ϶Գ۰мӣԼĺӣ¶ֻ֪غʶѽ˱˼ˡ
Ҳ˻Ǿĸˡ
Ҳⲻ񷨣Ҳͳ㣣ϾĳνԳԺ󱲣Σ
ϲģҪġ
ֵϲĵӿϣ죬ᡰšһʱԺзҵ˼عԼʵģͷ̧ʵղΪʲô˶٣۵һ˿ȥǷʲô𣿡
伸ȫ̶ǣɶĺ󣬻ǷˡʱЩԾ
סᣬҪǣˮߵǷеĹעһ
뿴˫ǳӣпδȫɢľ̡
һֱûѣͣסˣЩġɿת֮ǰץֻ֣ڱԼӡϸ˷ۣûʲô飬вżѹֺͽꡣ
˯˶ãֻǵǵɵУʱΪԼҪ˺Ƭ
ҡҡͷ֪ѹʱˡЦЦЩǿ̾һΪˡ
ͣʱԵ
һš𹦷гͨ裬ǰϵ˿ҲʧˣҲûˡ
죬û˵ץֽסǿû¡ʵأΣ
С
˵ͷǰ鿴һ״ԷڷģŲŴ
һƬƽϣŵ޷߼ʡϿ̻ҵֵͼÿһξһԼĪʮ˺ϱ֣߲ʹʶҲ̽ͷ
ط֡ǰں׵ĶѨУƬطҰͲǵ¡ǰ˼뿴øЩʱȴ
Թԭŵ棬Щãδڳ롢ǰʾʱ棬ͷס˴۾͸ִƵĴУͻһһ죬ƭ㣬𣿡
ƭʲôһǰ˵ʱĭһɨգŴθȴܱ׵һߵĹŹֵĸоٶԾͷ־
ҡ¶Щ˵Ժ
ԺΪʲôҪƭңִ׷ʵ
һδϱ˵ʧƽʣĳֲݵơ
ɽʱĽ
վɢķ˿̾һ󣬴ǹ𵭵Ц⣬ָֻյɢ·ոյĴֻǹߴĴ
ûʲôЦЦոһʱʧˡ
ԶͼпЩʲôȻ޹
ĵ׺ðɬ
ǰض׷ȻΪ棬ȴо˵Ĳ滰
֮ǰֹ֮Ƶ΢Ц˵ǰ㡰ûʲô
˵ʲôģǾʲô˵Ƭǰʱ⣬ʱƱг룬ǰһǹһӰ֡
Ҫƭҡ봹ֲۣԾսʲôҡ
ʲôǺޣҲ֪ʱӦ˵ʲôźãֻ֪Լ뱻
ʱº
ɢĴС˳Ƶ˷ƺһ㡣
ţϵ˸ɫĹâǷƶ


109 
ͻޱ, ˢһֽ, һֻʶ򳶵, ĿתЩŲķ, ˿и
ɾƬ̺ȴûκԤеΣաûŻ, ûаɱ, Χб仯Ҳ˶ѡ
شһЦȴ
طӦ, ǰ֮ССִûз紵ݶͽԷǰ, һ¾ʹ÷ʵƵȻ޴, еӿ֮⣬ָһž˦֣ȴһס£סֶֻ˿һ, , ʹϷУϣǿѿʲô, ֻüƿĿⲻӣſ
ûɿ, ӶֺƵıסĸ첲ڲʱ򣬵֮Ǵȥ
֪ĿЩӲǣղΪʲôͻȻô˵
Ŀḧųֱ̾ģ˼롣֮ԳЦЦҲ֪Ƣãǣ㰲Ȼһͬʱ̲ס롣
򴽣ûӦȻ뵽ڷʱʹԼаǣΣĵĪڵʵǰ
Цȴû˵ʲô˫Ӱ£һʱ治飬ϸһЩʱȻͣסˣϵĹâȥƶķҲȻֹ
»ָշĸоٶȳ֣Ȼƣȴʲôһ
˼Ƭ̵ҵɿǰ̤˼һʮöϣתܺ˷ת룬һģǳǳЦ⣬ɤº;:֪ɻ󣬲˴Ī⣬̸֮أ뿪˰ȫٺú̸һΣ𣿡봹ͷֵ:ʱ򲻹ʲôʲô²⣬ȫгҾ
ҡӹһ˿ɣ˵ڵȷٸ׵ĺʱŷλȻûʹΣգ˭ָұ֤ԺҲء˵£벻ɲȥ룬ɹϵͲԸһ˿һĻ
ǿĹǣεЦЦйǣԸģԾް˿١˵ţ;֡
״æְ£ѿڵأҴӦǡҪһӦǺ£ɵǺջᱳԣԺΪ¾ԼҲ治塣
Ҳ߽УأŻ󡪡̾һһ˲ٶȸԸߵ¶ȣ̧ͷߵýһЩ˫ǳƺ˼С
ڿ󣬺ԭеȣ·ͬһˣԺˣԸһ͵Ļ𣿡
ϸϸ۾У·ص˲ǰԪҹǸŮʱ棬˵ĺ˽ģܿƵسУۣԼ侲ãᡰšһţִЩɵһͣǡ
ס죬ҡҡͷЦ豣֤ľͿԡ˵ͱȥǰıȿô뿪ɡ
ûз֣תʱԼһĨɫֻǺܿͻָ侲
һûʲô˫ǳɫʮĲ飬ݡ
ɫĵ۹Ƶĳ̫ҹ㳡Ϸǧȡ
ֻɫǶ֮⡣
Ԩӽ¯ͷź͸ѻصţѰְ𣬲ö㾶ֱƸɽ
ϴۿܽгУȴߣл۵ԹԽԽ޲̽гʬΡδΪԼִڳ룬ǸͷһʼĵΪҲãȨҲգκ¶ûҪ֮ԻӦҶϪǰһ֮ΪͬҲһԵʡ
ֻ볤أ˵ǺǿԡƸɽ֮»ˣԨб֤ҲƲóȻжȴҲ͹ˡ
Ƹɽʮ⣬һһڵӣЩӼ󾹲ǰɢӣĵǶԷ˴ʵԵʣ⣬֮һЩһˣЩ˲ǲƵغȼߣ̱Уһסô̹֮Ƶֱһ塣
˵Ӧһ͵֪ϢɽŲǣǧȴʼղӰǰҲǿտյģ˿ûбսļ󣬹㳡ɢǵȥǲǰ˴Ҵȥ
Īˣ
ԭԨӽ˼ɣЩɣʱ۹·вͶߣɼһ·һڶΪ㳹׷ģվЦû뵽һھûá
ʱƳԶӹһӰȥһڵɷηࡢϡɫѰΪɫ£ֱߵĴźۣɶµĽгһˡ
ǧ۵׵ӹݵɫһ׷˹ȥܣ
ǰӦζ˶٣תһ嶥ȥǧȼǴѩһŨԷܣҲӿ˽ų̣׷壬ǰȴʧȥӰ
ɽ£һӣʯϵѩ䣬˾ƾʧƵģĪ˵ӰۼûС
ȥˣɵδ䣬ºظֳɫơ
Ϊ֮ƣɽͷͬʱѩдܳס˵㡣
ô£е˫ȭֻһ¾ͼǵ֫ӶסһסĲӣͷҡͷ첻гԨӵҪƻµ󣬿ɳȴɢ˷۳ʲôû
֪Լ˼ƣһ˲ӿŭʹŤҧгݵԨǼˣȻƭң
һһӰ⣬غݡ
ֳ齣ƴâɽͷıѩ˼֣˫ɳſؽ磬ǧȵʱͣ
仹˵һֻʣ˫ϸ۾ݣɢԹɫ
ˣ޼ƿʩ˽˵
һ쬵ģȻѳһ亹˶ģȻֳζлʦˡ
յԨӣ֪ԨӴ˾Ǻ⣬ԸȥţΪκж϶ܱ˽ţ˼㶨˼ƲߣԻǧȳֱ룬ȻһС
ǵӰԼǧɱĵӣʵݲµĻΪЩǧ£˿ڶ¼ƻ͵˴ʯ·µ󣬶һͷķſɽͷոּ˼ܲ͸Ľ磬ǧѰκμ϶
Щݺؾͻص̫ҹ㳡һɵǵȺ򡣼ǹеФӭȥѯݺؿɷˣ֪ºʵʦ֣ˡҶԣΪβֱɱǶ
Ƶֻݺֻ֪£ץסǧȣȴһٶе֡
ݰ˰֣ҺʦǧϲܣԲʴãôӳᡣ
˵ҲǧЩŹ֡Ф˼аĶʮ˵֮һǧȽ֡
ΪΣ
ФǧаȻɸոȴû˿ġԥһ£թսȥҲþ˺󻼡
ݿЦŵʦǧȲΪ壬ҲصġۣҺʦ̽Իṫ°ɡ
ɢȥ̧ͷɽͷɫӰӣüͷֻ̾Ϊʱδ
Уųһǰÿ߼Ҫͣ˼һȻѡһǰ
ԼȻû߶Զ룬۲֪˶ٴη򣬳ֻԭشתĸо
֮ǰǵ㲻죬ֻʱһ£֮ƾԷ߶߶տڲԣۼȥܶǲľ£̲סʵ㵱а취ȥ
ŵϵͼеͷûŵ֮ǷӦڿ˵ˣüɫȵ˵ҷѾٹȣαżظʮҲûʲôá
ﻹаꡣü˼֣ڲǿЦʱ򡣡
úúá˾Ͷ״ɻǵ̨Ǹ󣿡
ǵá˵ͷϷӦҲ󣿡
ͬС졣˸־һУȻַ˳ȥû˰æҪ໨Щ򡣡
šӦһȻ뵽ʱ򾹻ģӿֳַƣһֱ˲أʦҪ𷣡
⼸ѵĽ¼ҶܵĬдˡ̾һ
Ϊ⣬һ˲ͼ̧°͵ٶ೭ֺη󣬲ȳü˵ʲôһҡ
㣿
˰䵱ʦɱҴöֹ࣬ܲҪ飬ܻҪںɽ˼ء
ҡ뱻˵ƿԡ
ˣ֪󣬸ɺӳ飬ʱһжΪ⣬Ҳ⣬ٷֵأ֪լʺһ棬ʦʦȴδػ˺˵
ǰλϱӻʦʦǶһֻ۱һֻۣ¹ذ䣬һưոݵĴžʦ
λʦ˵ʦ𡣡̾һͰǰйڣ֪ʱΪȣҲûʦ׷
ᵽʱǷ߷߲ƽģϲֳĵǡڵԼܷǾԼǱȥ˼չˡ
ҲҲǰ˻Σ񣬡̫ʦйڣ̫ʦͺͰйڡ
ΪΣ벻⡣
Թѵ˫ô
˫չ£͵͵ġصǵһǧǰ̫ʦնɱĽô
˵ͷ˴˵
˵ǽͻʧܲŻɥʧΪޣڴ֮ǰһֱǰѣ㡣
ԭˡ룬ɽ޻£ʦƽְֻڣνޣаΣա
Թ޵Ĳ̫ʦնɱ¡ƽûʲôնɱ޺󣬻ڵȥ
ӣҲҴʦ֣ûλӣֻ֪λʦֺһλʦԼʱѹȥܾãҼǵôʦֽо褣ǧǰѵ档
ǰǿǧΪڵû
ɱΪ壬ȥڵڰ˵Ա裬ҲȻȡڵΪ˾Լĵӣ˽֮顣
˼ȥ߶еֶû
飬֪˼ЩЦЦǵߣαô档ܶ¶޺ڰ׶Դ֣̫֮ʦҲһȡڵɣǰ䡪۵һ˿⣬ܾҪˡ
뿴һۣкӿȻ֮УҲãҲã㸴ӣ˿͸ǿ඼һ޷룬ȫ¡Ĭã̸ֻЩǰ£Ҫò뿪
ЦЦòϣꡪ
û˵꣬ش೤Х
˻
ˡԹһ䣬֮뵽ʲô͵ͣסӣˮʱҲȻͱУ

ڿֱܷ
뿴һۣڿЦֱХէһ˷˼Ķ࣬Ƭ̺ͱϸ΢Ĳָͬ̽һӦ
һԡ
ʱȻ򣺡ն󣿡
޶֮ˣֻȱ²һĪչһѣͷӦԷҪԽ
Ѳзλ֮Ȼնؾڽ磬ȻҲƵ
ԡֽ֣ɻûӳϾ¶ԥ֮ɫ
ԼҲΪλʹĽһΪ˵ǧеɱУһͷ֮ʶľٶ
ڼûΣգͷʹ֢ҲûзָԴЩ֪룬նһǰƣޱ仯
̫࣬Ǿͼıɫɣܺĵ𡣡
뿴һۣԷеЦûǿװĳɷ֣ɵҲйƷƵĳ˫ָ£ڽϸ˵ԲָµĽʱˮһ˳
ӦԼǧһУǳնؾʱʲôû룬ҲҲû˼Լڻӽͷڡ
ȻȻءչӶƶ䣬֮Ķ˶
ХͬʱһС
ֹͣɢ޴ӰӸǰ
һСɽĺǣɫԴԴϴ
ǺǱףβڼС
ǹǣǸǼܣкܿ측ֳ֮ɫôͷ
ǡҡҡͷָ̧Ϸ
ﾹһιǼܣƵĲڹϣβȦȴһߣͷײУէһ˫ͷƵġ
ϸͻᷢͷ­Լ֫ѰĹ߶ͬ
β
Ǻܹϣϵֽʿֻͼϼ
Ϲ֮һرڤ䡣


110 
ֻʣº, ɿǻһ, ·һ̾ͻڿն
Ѹ, ڡ
Կնۿ, սܾǶ, Ӹ´Լ, ڿСĳ档
ֱһŻعȻͼǸǼȥæס, ܻΣա
򰲸ƵֱۣЦõ, Ѿˡ˸, ڷʲôѰδõı
ȷ뿴һǸӴĹǼܣܾš
Ϊ񡣡ס֣һǰȥ֮Ѫض󲻻ữ, ɽΪһ, ɽӵһ֡
ΪһĹǼܣ
˼Ƭֱ̣ٺһЩϵ½, ݾӴӦ󲻾þͱ˷֣Ȼ˾Ϊ, еûɽڣһ㻯Ѫ⣬ǺǣʧʧЧ֮ʱ
ҲᴹϣһֱΪȼ磬Ȼǲϲġ
֪Ĵ˵Уȥɱ¾ɢȥδŹȥġ
ʲôᴹϣДǷˣɽʯˮεϣȥЦЦ̸űؽĩȴƵᣬɽᱻˮû½أض仯οǵе
Ƕ˵õɳ
½ʿδ޵ǿνĴ֪˿ɵó
һ㶣˵ıȽе֮⣬Ҳδɣ֪˲ɵó
תͷһۣطЦǣҲֻ֪Ǹݹȥ֮µƲ⡣
£Ǹǰ̽ᴥ֮ף뿴ɫѰҷȪˮԴԴӿڡ
ȻѰڣֻǴ˼һҪѰķЩʱաһӣָͷ­ǣһ˿ڵϻһȦȻһɫʱס
򣿡ҪʧУ
û£⺡еҶԾǺ֮ˮ޾ýһáʾ赣ģڴҪ洦ߡ
󣬳Ϳۣ˱㰲ߵ⣬κζ
Ѱ·Щ벻ͨܿע⵽ɢܵҲƶһ£Ӧ֮еԴ̽İء
һȷʹҪĶࡣ
׹԰ģǼܸ棬ҡɽ˫ǻҪҲŻȴȫû˼ĵԼ̫飬һʲôҲӦԣʲôֽϣʱʱĶ²һ½չ
˼ӣҲͣĳȥν֪޲ˣ˼ЩԲ߰취벻Ͳȥ´ܣżһ֮ǵ¡
䣬ͷʹ֢˼ΣֻǶأֻϢܱǡ᲻⴦йء
⵭ɫƱ̺֮Ч
һµʱƵĹȥˡ
ڳ뿪ʼ˼ʹΪЩչʱϺرŷĿĹգ۹һ붤棬ȦΧ󣬳뿴ʮöϵƾ䧵ˮ㹴һֻǼʶɸÿһˮȴֻصʼԴԴӿԴԴȥֹ
붢ŵϵͼԭҵһʱ˹ɤˣˡ
ѴȦ߳һĨϵĺۼʧˣĵɫҲ֮ȥ
û°ɣϸϸ᲻ۣ
ⱦڣôۡҡҡͷȻ󳯳ʾϣͳβȥ
һۣɵߣ
ҪʱȻЩϧ֮뿪ط߱ǰһȴֳûͷһվԭǾ߹Ǽܣ֪ʲô
ֻۻȥôߣ
Щʣ֮ǡ
Σ㻹ߣüôŲҪºʦı²С
Сʦ˵ҽ麣ˣҪ֮ǡ
㶣һŷӦжʱ֮̿⣬ܿ죬Ƿ̿ͱ˸пӣЦҡҡͷЦЩΣȴһ˿٬Ϸʣ˿ߵһѴӺס°͸鳤ͷ˲䣬ԷСתͷЦҲһʱˣƸɽºʦæҲ
šӦƵġ
ע⵽ˣҲˣкӵֽ˽֮͵رۣͷͷų򣬳̾һɿ߰ɡ
βˣƬǽβǣȻųβǼָķȥ߱͵˹ΪۣԴΪг룬βֻزֹСΪ֮أʱͼǰԲء˵ָһǰֳ֮ͷβָǸߣ㲻Ҳᱻųȥ
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ûãǾߵԵķԣżǰ˼;ñӿһֻεľ֣ǰ
סӡƼƵĴ˳ȥԾУûþ;ñˮ˷ӿ
ʱһͬ᫵ˮ·ſ绤סԼ򣬲֪ںڰǱ˶ãȻǰһܵˮҲһֲԶˮӿǼǰеİ֮ˮȴƽ
Ӧһˮ̶ΪؾڵİˮаܳǸոձ˳ָָϹԴˮ档
Ƕȥţˮж½һݣ̶ˮԼĪ̼ʹԾˮ棬ȵˮ̶ϵʯϡ
ֻģɽˮ㣬һɳ۶µٲˮϣˮڶ
ڳˣ밵̾һ˲;Ϥ
ٲɽ϶³ֳ֮ƣˮײˮ˸⣬ơ
ǡ벻ŵػܣܿͷӳһһľϤģˮ̶һϲǳǳĺۼ֦۶Ϻµġ
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һʮǰ, Ҳ齣, һѩأ¸ʮӶ, ǰһϸߣǰڵϹķ, Ƕʮͼǵ⽫С
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䣬ƽ壬Цأ㵹ǽء
һԽթһʼ͸ȫȦףҽ󣡡
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ʱɽͷ͵
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پһЩվȣԺŷӦڵԴԴϵµС
ˣһΣԽ֧زסΡ
ΪԽߣԽ֮ʧҲά־ɻΪɥʧڷ˱˺롣

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ȭͷʯԴзɳҫĹССʯ
ǵ⻤ɽƺתΪʤʯ
ֻʣЩˣΪԲˡ̾ܿ죬۾ͱɫʯзӿһ˲伸Գɽͷľ
һų뱳ģһֻ־
𣬰ס룬һһ㽫ҫ۵ѹȥ
ֻһ̶ʱȻֹЩʯϤѣҲɣųû֣Χʧŷ
һżȥ鿴ϵʧҲƽųһĨȥǵѪȻ£ֱۣ뱧ø
Եͷܿ󲡳Ƶɫʹɫֿ۽ǵ΢죬̲סͷ۾૵
Բ𡣡
º߱չشң򻺻³룬Ŀɨɽͷıɽϡ
ϼ̸󣬲ལͷӡǴȻι̵Ľ磬ܹенͣһ󶥵Ľʱ֧顣
Ľʱء
ƸҥϦȾʵĸƣοŨˮʣ˵ֿ˵ǹܡ
ºһڵĻ´硣
źԴʧɫһʱ䣬Сսġᣬÿÿ䶼ڽͷӶ
û뵽ǧȾȻ½룬ǧȺ½ٶֵòɿΪг˭֪۷
½ǲСζὣɣưոݡ
˹ƶˣС
һҵû뵽³
ǰһйһ֮Եֽ֮
Ҳ׷׵֪ӵĵմȻǸӯ½룬ܲãһڣռƻóѣɹ˲ལһڵĻɽ
ͻȻʧ˻ɽӣһڴֲ֮ⰵ㣬˲ء
ؼӳˣ߰λ徫аݡ
һմʣ纣¥һˣӵϢʹҴҸϻʦţֻΪǳʱ¬ְ֮
һ󲻾ãаŻأ᧿ΣºȻɢ磬Яȥ١
ĵһڣһ֮췭ظЩš
˺һڲٿɽյӣҲ˳ɽ·𳹵ʧһ㡣
ʼٸߵҲδٳ֡
ֹֿ꣬ȵ̸ûڳС˶Ľͻ񾳽˳ա
˼ǵǸԺһʱڣԼ±ĳӡ
ڿഫģֻЩĵĴԡ
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112 
ݱ, ಻ϵɽϿ, ʮԪӤʿΪ׻ʿĴ, ȥ
ǻʿΪͬ, 䱦ͳٱʮɢޣ䱦ص, ˴, Ƿ䱦ϰ֮һǰȥ˷ԭ
󣬱ڶ䱦ȴһŮ
ŮӽĽ, ԪӤΪܹ, ǲ, ˫˾úһֶۣȴУܿɢɳ䱦
Ľƽӹ䱦ԭĻϣʮһεļᡣ˷ԭ, ΪԸ¶ݵʿṩ׳, ᰲŶʿд衣Ϊⲻ˫轫Ϊͬһˮƽͷ߾ܵõ䱦ṩϡ䱦һ, 䱦ƴ˾Ϊ˼νеĺ֮㡣
һ꣬ûʲô˽ϣȴû뵽䱦һƿԪ, ͻ񾳽ҩѰɾŶһţ䱦ȴһƿ߿ţ֮󣬱ԽԽʿǰᣬ䱦Ҳûʧÿһ궼˴۽ı֡
˭䱦ǴЩƷģƺƣϴεıһɽϲеʯ⣬ʹٱֻɽȥϽ磬ҲΪͲ½磬Լ
һʮ굽ἴͬ͵ľǽ꽫붷ʤߵıӡʩĳУҸʮԪӤʿӰΣõˮ©
˷ԭԽݱɽִܵֻ˷ԭϷѩŰǻʿסΣ˵еԪӤʿˣʿǰ˷ԭҪͨϿȣΨһܽԭ½·
ۿǰɽԽԽߣҲԽԽͬ˻֣·ȥʿ׷׸ϡ
ȻϿһξ룬ĵѸһ㱡˪ͬƳ۽µİɫĩȻЩԾһ˲˫һƱʲôסĵҲȥԭӲؾɳ˲佫û
ʿĿô˳֪ΧסǼܴ˱ĳһſ硣
ӿ֣ʮӰƵĽǰΧӦ׼Էȥòһ־뷨вִſĽҷһ˲ס䱦ʿһǼݳչ
ʱһϳƣţһϸ̽ѷУϸܵڳϸ֣һ죬ҫ۵ķѣϸĩ˲һµӸ߸߷ɳ
ãۿＴߣ䱦ʿ¶֮ɫ
ʱرѣһӰЯŷɢĻɳһԾȴͬסѳۼУɫһݣһӶʱһ籣סǱ䡣
Ƕᱦ֮ΪٲȻϸֻ˻ΣβǱ䡣
ֲ֮ʣͬȻƳʲôǰһһ̽ȴǿɽ£ԼĪǱģһ£ԵδؾͻˮͬʱǱҲܲסмѣѵķмУһϸ˳
УöԷȥǱʱֱͬ͵һסͬʱһּһѼ׶ֻĿڴȥ
ԷƲսһʧԭһЩҲɢøɸɾ
ͬ˿ջӣ󣬵ڵϵǺʱһ
һ֦߳ǴĿһûоκδĥǰֳһСС֦⡣
ıһ֦ܿЦͬȴЦ
Ϊ֦ƵĽ
ǲ֦һѽ
ͷߴɽۣ֮ﱻѩǣɽͷֳãİɫ±ȴ׺һ⣬ѩѿ
òŮڱֱĶ±ߣżŷźıϵɫɼȴϪϣ̬ǡϪߵʯϣ˫ţҪȥŪϪеˮ
Ȼһֻڵɽȸϣ˶ȥͲס⴦ĺ䣬ЦЦ̽ɽȸԴȻһһöݹȥҪġ
ôط˭֪ƫƫҪɽȸ˼䣬һöŽ˺⡣
Ůͷޱ޼ʵգǳɫӳޱߵ⡣
֪˶ãɽȸһ̾Ϣһ翣
ʮһ˰
䣬ƾ棬ʱǹø졣
ͬʱ֮ľɽϦ£ҹĻ٣ɽ£ˮΪҰĺ֮أƽˮϢֳ㵭ɫĹâ
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ռÿһƫƫɽµĺ֮ȴƻ֮أĪ˵ԻԷŵݶûС
ż˾˲⣬ؾ˵֮أͨ˲ţֻ
ԭﲢûйУһĵشٶǰͻĵɽ飬ˮһҹ֮ûƬ֮أסϤˮףٻʹɢ
ɽǺӴԴأɽֻмɽȪû֪ˮǴӺζֻù֮˵ͣһˮڣ֮մȾ쳾ˮ֮ƾͻı䣬Ӷ½ٻ
еǰȥһ̽ʱһ羪֮񣬿ֱˮö֮ͱ˽ء
㣬ĶĲľïܵɭ֣ӵſĺӵɽͩңңԣһɲĻ
ɽҹˮȴЩģأţǵļ㣬ķš
һκӴױЩŸʱسһССУţԾһĨ°ɫ
ǸŮӣ̤ˮϣڷһ裬У۾ֳˮƵɫ
˾Ҫ˵عϢ֮ءϾǷеŮŮҲҪѷɫ֡
ˮµķģڳ˼һʲôˮͣǰȴڵľӡ
󣬺ӵ׵ķȻԽԽ죬⣬ɳˮ棬ھС
ԭڵľʱҫ۵Ĺââȥ󣬾оľ
ǲɭֵĵӰһƻԻ͵ĳС
ţķӿǵصˮӿŰһ˲ر󣬶Ρĳ¥ˮ£ֽƵĲһʱͱ塢û
ٶǰǳˮʱΡ
Үžеĺˮиֳһ˿޴룬ܿ죬ҡҡͷҲ˵ʲôܡ
ҲȻֹ
У˺ƣӰƺֲֳ֣ƵķһڵľеͨԴԴעϵĺУʩУһصͼڡ
ϰΪ°㣬Үеͼڡ
˵ͬΪ֮ӣԽԼ̳ͼƣͼǵѪжص޷ģ¡
ǷҮġ١һȡɺǣֻ˲ܻõķ
ǳ˺֮صɽ飬Ϊ
еɽŰû˷󣬾ȶķˣݡƻһ˿
ҮۣٿɫȾҹİзӿıˡ
һֱʿƶˣǹĶǣĹǲɵͷˡ
˵һ򣬶ڳа˻ľ˵Ǻֻһ򣬾޳еĺۼΨޱ޼ʵˮ󺣡
ɢ䣬ˣˮҲƽ
ˡҮţһ˲ȴ
ڴ֮ǰ˻ľеĻûģ֮ǰƾˮӿһˮûУסĿ޺ԳҮ
ɴʱȴǴֹһΣһһûоͷڵĹž
Уֻ׻Ƴգս£֮⣬һ˲˺ĻľƲɵƱˣǼʶ˺һʱʩ
ؽ磬Щι̵Ľڱ׹ⴥһ˲ͻҷ޷ֿû˭ֿܹ
ǵǸʿµԼҷߣ¾
׵ӿ£ȵϵĺϯءŹžңԶʱ⣬Үܸܵ¾壬˻ľңصľ·ʱһ㡣
ɫĹâһеɲǣһоʧˣʧЧ˻ľعڳҮ˿Ƭڣ̶̧ͷǰúʲôûˮ档ܿˮµżŤʯֻ̫죬һ˲ͱֹһֱͣһ̣ȻѾˮݣܿó䲼ֱ£װξɡ
ûб٣ǸǶôĵط
̾һ̧ɽߵ£ⰵ˰һ˻ľһ㻯Ƕȥ
ͩ־ͷϣ½ٸֶһֱͦǹҮƳı飬ǳɫжʱ¶еļڽѾˡ
Үһۣ뷴༥ɺܿйɫȻΪʲô
Ŀ½ǰԭһʩʯʱʯƿ֮ﱻڳȻʬ塣
ʬΪΣֻ֫йǴͻȥۣаεƣЩ˵
ˮ󣬶ԷЩʧЧ¶ԭģ
˵ʬ塣
ǵ߰˻ľˮ˺ĳУ¾
ٶǰ½ٵɽʱִ˴ǵϢʯϵķӡ临ӣһʱ޷⿪봫ǰϻδüųȥյ°Ϣֻý¸ãֱǰӲŽӡ⿪
˵ʬ壬ҮһΪȷЩǷˣһΪ˿Ƿð˻ľֵ֮¡
ǵˣȴؽͬˡ
½֮ûʲôϵΪʲôҪôҮ˵ʬĿʹԹޣмãǵʵԵֿЩףңΪʲôǵ
岻ʿһҷѪǼܻһ㻯أһˮʼֺܷ
۾һĪǷӡԵʣܿٶԻ૵ΪʲôҪǵʬǷӡ
½ƳһۣǳɫǳŪ֮⡣
Үע⵽üͷһ壬ֵУΪʲô֪ʹð˻ľϵģǿǡ
֪Ϊʲôȥɡ½ٴ䵭һ㶼ں·ֻйһ㣬˻ľʹ֮ĥģֻ߲Ҳһˡ
ҮĿģ
ڵĻҲ֪½¶ζЦֻȥɽׯ
ɽׯ䱦ڷ֮ˮϵһС򣬹ǰȥ˷ԭʿãҲǼڵء
ҲȥҮ̾һ̧򱱷ɤжʱ˼ֱԹһûʲô¡


113 
½˵ıԭ, ʮźǰ, ֱǰĵƻ, Ϊ˲ظһ
ֻԶɫĴ, ɷСɽׯ֣Էֱһ, ֮ͱ, ĴźǷѩ죬ǵֻйš
ߵǰΪ˿ͷɷ, źƮҡķѩŽ˽ϵ, żּ̤˴, ˽ʮ˺ܿʧУŸֻʣѩƮ䡣
ʵһ磬ɶ೤ͨѩֵȡ, ˸еů, Լͬ׷׳硣
ǰǸüĿ̫꣬ٹī, ѲǰδѵģðʧҲ˲٣Ͷ͸ٹӦеĶׯ, ´һǲȥѰס۵ľȥ
Ȼֿ˽ׯ԰ɽׯʵһСһٶǰ䱦Ϊ˼ص޽ׯ԰ڷ֮ˮ϶ˣϿȺֱǰִܵ
֮ˮϵ˷ԭƽ̹Ʊɽڶ࣬ǰɽׯ·;ϳϺ֮⣬ûˡ˵ļɽоݴвӣԶʱɽׯſҲ԰ɽӰҲĴЩǡ
ɽׯﲼЩ񷲽ӣпջ¥ʳҽݻнǧᣬׯϽ˽аȫһͬʡ
˷ԭʱѩ޷ֻԪӤΪзӻʿܴԽԭȻкܶʿ챦ԶɽׯΪɽȴȻī¹һ롣
ǰʱīһЩ˲ϳЩϺļɣвų֮
ƺƴ󣬹ֲСùҪЩ̾һ
󣬵ôʿ˴ôɲϧʵǰɽׯΪȴζĿ֮
ǰͱʿϿǰأȻ䱦ʿջǱסǼз汦ˣ°߿˱ģ
һѽһҡԽرɫǵˣһľ
ϢȻ󲨣ÿԺж֣һڣལ
ٶһڵĲһȥһʿû֪ĵһڣǱľȴ˴ҵļ䣬𵱳һڵ޷⣬Լһ۷ɽͲལ
ɽһ˱ѧ˾׵󣬵ལͬǿ֮
˽ŭֶΣв֪ʵĽۺ죬޲ܻòལԼʱ֪жʿƸɽǵ;Уͼ±
˭ûͲལӰһһʹ伣
䱦ľϢһལȻŹᡣ
ǴʿӿսĳǣͼĽʸףȴֻżȻõ齣ΪԼòϣóνܲལйءɱʼǺºεصõģ㿪ʼؾᣬһ
ʿǷ׷׸ϵɽׯҪۼһǱľǲལȻ߾֮
ǿһնɱ޵ıﰡ˭ӵأ
⽣ǲ·û˻ȥǣԹʤܿܣڴ󲿷˿ܾΪб˳
īھѰ˸Ƨλãǹطĺѡ
겻Ϊˡ
·ˣĩΪȵϵ¯Ľ𶦴󷨡
˵˴ǰĪҲΪǱ
ֻѰֵķˣЩԷҵֻǴŰˣľֻѰ֮¡
˵Ҳ˵ལħͷ䱦Ľó
˭֪ôѨ磬·ٴȴҲˡ
һһԳΪȻīһ̽ȴȻЦÿȴûаЦ⣬ǾٱʱʶӶԷ
ɣΪ׼ֹ˽ɽׯ滳Ǵʱ᲻Ѿˡ
Ҷֺ֪α̬ī¶ĵɫٿλãʿǲʵ¶⣬Ҫ񡱼дˡ
ǽǲǲལȷأЩ˾ˣǲལ̾ҪѪɺӡ
ˣīһпСùðǺοҪˮ
Ҫ˵Բལ⣬ʵҲȻֻ̫ƵֱȽ֪֮Բν롣
ٶǰ̫ͻȻŽ񣬲úһھ⸲ʼٸīйһ½룬ųûѣīϺѣʵһԶƸɽŻ֡
ʱһ伣īٿĪ磬Щɱ֮гǺ˳ǽ룬̬ƽϢīϵȴûϴˢɾ̫Ҳñż³
ལĴīΪǻīӦû̸֮Ŷԣһ˵£īǲɽĴѼ鱨ɽׯһ̽
īһΪԼСùǲǻͷལˡ
̽ԵʱȴīΪԼὣһͨѵ⣬ί֮࣬һͷˮ
Ȼ̫ὣ̽ôϢкã
˼ȥͷֻܰοԼȨˡ
еľƿɱѰ㴼öࡣ
īɽׯסһ£ÿʵʵɽׯеļŴī㣬Ҳô˴䱦Ϊལֻ֮޻̸֮
綼֪ǵ½жߵĶС
ûãһλڴܵǰȴı⡣
Ϊ΢ɳϹ⣬ɽׯ֮ǰ˶֣նɱλаޣ֮סɽׯڲī񶼸ܵˡ
ƹ㾳ĻܶɽѰͻƣ£ɽׯһལĴ˼֡
īȥ˾䲻ȻеѽͷӶ
ⶼˣɶۡ
˵ɱǼǽء
˵Ǵſ¡
ϸ룬ô궼ûֹʵ쳣
һڶ֣ܺ˵˶ߡ
֮ǰеĽ̸ֻ̽Եغѿףȴ˸ֿоݵƶϡ
˵ʿִ˽նޣн¶вʮ֮һɡ
˵ǵΪߵʮ֮һˣﻹлᡣ
ҲȻҼǵдʱΪΪߵĲӮ󡣡
ͬΪҲΪռš
̸֪۵ĻִӲལ䣬ڶȡʤ
ԭīһֻǰʿ׷״ɣֹգԽԽʿǰīע⵽ʿ¸صųԽԽࡣ
ͬʱԭϲʱ˶͵Ϯɱƺ˭üῪʼǰܶ֡䱦Ȼά򣬵㣬վʮʿׯڽŵҲŨ
һУƺӰ쵽ɽׯˣĽ¥䱦˽˱ݣʱĽƾסǣڶ¥ǰźĶֱߵͭů¯Ʈ˿һסů¯õϡ
ȥС
ҼһΪ嶼ǰï˵ȫָõС캮ض˷ԭȻ֮ɽׯнӣöů¯Ųᱻˡ
¥Ϊɽׯ߽֮һĴˮĥɣ͸ˮؿ֮ˮϵԲ⣬Լķѩضǰɫģǿܸогǵĺ⡣
Ľһ۴⣬Ѱ˼ǲǸûطرƿˣһѩУԭůӶʱ˱ߣĽϽѩڼ⣬̴ֲ̬вһ
Ϊβߴţ˷ԭıѩ˵꺮һ㶼մá
ҲӴŹ˭֪ھҲǵ£ֻ˶ˡһϮౡббڴϣһַŴ们£¶ذ׾ֱۡ
ԽԭʿĸǽԼͷŶʵʵģߴñȴ󲿷ȥ󶼵Ƶġǿ⾰Ľƾ;ñԽů¯ֵ֮вô
ҿʲô֪ЦǱ壬۾ģ޹Σ
ĽҡҡͷԺ̫˹ȻݣҺٹйһ֮Եϳ֮Ӧûиѯǰ˵ת
һòˣҿʵѹأΣ
Ľ̾һֻҵ޵ʬû֡
˴֮Ը˷ԭᵹΣҪΪ˵ǰͻȻ˷ԭϵѹȡ
ޣޣϿȣЩƺһףֻ
׼Ѳ


114 
ǰ, һ˵, , , ¶һԼĪǧɳĵط졣
ǵط켫ǰеľ, һ޷ϵ˺, ıòǳе£һʼڲδϣֱһٱɢ·, õط˵䱦׳ӽ˵طײ, ûҵ, һź
źʮɣͨͨ죬̺˻֮ϢȥʱǼȼ, ɢ޴δ, ¹شȥսĳ˴£žʿ, 䱦Ҳ׷ǰȥһ̽
طβ˶Ҷסȥ·ԭӦǵصĶѨ, ΪŸرûãиʬ֣ԼĪʮͷԪӤϵޣл̶Ϊ֮⣬мʬԻɢڵ
ʵ֣֮ԻǰһЩ鱾ڵصףնԼܹ޵ʶޡЩʬ϶Ӧһֱڵ¿ҵĵط
ֵЩ޵ǱһͷҲ⣬ʬɷǹвʿԿȥطʿƣл
ϾֻΪߵˣŻǼöڵмһˡʿڵطѰ˼꣬ȴʼûзɱ֮ˣ䱦սĳǹ˼꣬ðУȴһӵ˳Ľֻ֮ܲ
ֱǰ˷ԭϲıԭ޹ʿѣһһƵĵط죬طͬʬҲǱһȻͬһ֮֡ΣطʱǡиʿƿлԵط֮⣬һɫӰԵطԾٶȼ죬̾ʧڷѩͷ·ʿ׷ͷУͿǵӰˡ
ĽƽӵϢʹҴҸϵɽׯǰȥ飬ڱԭչѰɻһ
Ϊ£ĨɫӰʿע£޷Ǿ˵ʲôض죬ĲҲȤ
Ŷ֪ҲȤüȳǳһ˿ĵرʲôҿϲúܣңö䣬ıȫߡ
ȤľͲˡĽоµů¯ǹԳЦܽټ䱦ˣЩֵ̧֣ⴢеĶҵģ㾡ߡ
ˡһ˻ǺһãҶҪ̧ɫˣзּǵ֪ͨҡ˵վʹ뿪
ĽƼĨϹĴɫʧڷѩУལǣ
˵ıӰ˶٣֮ɫһһ˲ȴָЦΣΣƵᣬ·̸۵ֻһؿ֦˫ԱǳУӳãѩԭԱ䡣
ٶĽֻΡ
һڷʱȻǰĽԼǵѹֵŭ⣬ֻһƳͽ˲ôһ˲䣬ԼҪڶԷУȻ˹ƻƵɤҪĶ𣿲ʲô
˫űȴƿ͸һеǳԵ֣гǡ
Ҫгǡ
ἰԼڳϵԸ
ΪҴгǣû˿ߣĿλʱ˿ҲֻҶ۶ѡ
Ҷ꣬޾ϸܴ׵ãɵҶۻٶȳΪǸĬĬŵĵϵ֮Ů
ЦˣҸгǣֻԼ취ڴ֮ǰҿԽһЩ
ĽƵõ䱦
ҶϪͼȾָ䱦ȴƻǵûжԭϼҶȥӡ䱦ȨȫУȻת־͸ĽƣһȲҪ˦ģ
֮⣬Ľƻõ˵걻ƭߵȡҶ۵Σаվ˽Ÿ
ȨҲãΪҲã򶼲ȤҪĽЩʲôΪر䱦ĽƺȻ֪٣żҪĽЩʲôʱҲͳ
֮ȼμ棬ѹʱǼҲûģĽƴӲ֪ӺδҲ֪Ҫȥδ
һΣͬһ㣬¼仰գ۾ͲӰºϣڵıѩҲһߣ·δƵġ
Ľããѩأ̾һûУְܼ
ӺݶƸɽţŨ
ɽ֮ϣֶڼǰȻɢȥ۵Сͨδ¶òĵطɽïʢľأɫȳ˰ɫɽʧˣ˳Ƭı
֮ʣɽŲ˺ȥʲôɶ˻
ߴѩ壬ɢ˵ĺ⣬η
ٶǰºɢΪƸɽʿͬھ߷ι̵Ľ磬һڶ˱£Ӵˣг߷ܳ룬ϹϽɽŷպ뿪Ƹɽ뿪Ҳɢޣš
翴һھǳʧһⲢζһҪԶйעĶѰɽĻᡣ
纣¥վ̫ҹ㳡ףԶ
ÿһӣվԼЩʧȥģԼҪصĶ
ͬλãĿΪֵ䣬ֻһƬãİס
ˣůƵºȴȡ̳֮ݵʾݣʮǰڵͻƣʽ̳֮λĿƿ̵ȥԲֻʣ·ǡ
縸ӣΪҪλȴûаӣۺʱüۺЦ׽֮С
ûгһգԼɽȻͬģʱԼҪϲԼˡ
Ҳû뵽뿪һ£һھӭ֮֡ʱյִսģûüƵĸͽӵ˼
ɽƣ߲ལصһռʱΪԼˣʲô˵Ц
Цͺˡ
½룬ǧȣһڵСҵס
ƸɽһԷΪлǰȴŴοҪԴΪأһڵҵΪءǷ֮ģֻΪһƿƸɽļ
Ҳ֪Ҫȵ°
̾һףƳϷġ֣񱻴ʹƵ¶ʹ֮ɫ
龫ͼɽһ񣬿Ұ֮ȴƫƫڻԵɺ·Ƹɽµ֮ǣӶһٻһڡ
һϲѻԵߣȴ޼֡
ʲôԵϹ۰ˣ
ջĿ⣬ȥһϣ׹Уһöƾճ֣ȴɽ⴫鱨
סöƣָһзѶϢ㴫麣ܿ죬üͷһ壬˼ǰҲȥˣ
ʱɫӰһ뷢԰׵̣һǰ׷Ůͯľĺ
纣¥ƺı飬̵ʲôˣ
纣¥ƽǣһ⣬ҾãҲһسɽŵʱˡ
ŶľȽӹƣѶϢ󣬶ʱֳɫҲ˷ԭ
̫ʦγԣ纣¥ɵѵ˷ԭʲô
ľĻδüش𣬺ɽȻҵƺʲô̮ˣţֻɫǴӿ̵ĺˮ̾ɽͷƲɵҪƱѩ硣
ô£纣¥ѿڵӿײһΣЩûվȡ
ľĺҲ¶ɫһɽȥ纣¥Լһ磬Ҳȥ
һɽһ£ｨһʯңȴһã濴ۣȴʵӵ뺣ÿöжǸӵƽ֡ȵȣл
ݺͳѰ뺱ǼʯڣǼŵĵͬˣ뺻ֻл˼ǵӣͻ뺣ٹʯڣǵĻǡ
Դ˴
ȳյʯѾɰһɢһءʯɺڤĺʯĥɣֻʹ𻵣ȴ类յľƵģ׻ȥ
ʯɢöɢİĹ󣬷·˶ˡ
УŮӹһöǰ˿ڼзȴһüָⶼһ˿Ʊһ
ԴԴɢϵıѩ;ļʯ·ҪݻһУľĺ𻥿һۣͬʱ䣬ͬɫĽչʯΧסҲ֮ǰⱼӿС
ֻеһһ㣬ǿңʱĹâãһ˲Ϊһ⣬ûŮڡ
󣬽УŮۣڵ֮ҹǱ겻յûҪϼ֡
ʯͶļ˿ߣмһûУˮŨīҪ⣬ϲŭް֣ʲôûУΨһиĿռ
վϵƵֻǺܿûκˡ
ɫķм䣬תʱǸصĳѾȫ˷ĩ


115 
⵽նɱа޵Ϣغ󲻾, īյīļ, ֻ֣ٻء
ûڶ, ϾͷԸ¶
̫Σˡ⿪, ԽԽӿҶǰ֡
ɽׯ̳䱦аһͬʵ, ׯϽ˽, ȴܲɽׯ֮ããԭͬʿɽׯˣ³ɺһˡ
, жʮʿɥǰлʿΧ, һʱΣ, īѰ
ǽΪļΪߵҲֻԪӤڣ̫һƬңȻʱû, ⲻĵ, »յԼϡ
ʵһͿʼ뿪ˣֻһ뵽īУ;ӵͷ
ô, īһ˸̫صνĥ£֪ٴһ, ٹһ඼ûԹѵ»;ϣ񲻽Ц󷽣п಻ӲͷƤء
īﻹ϶޲òɻɽգۼһ̤ɽׯĴš
ǷѩӣȴʱȻͬúܣȻûֶܱã뿪ɽׯԼĪ·ͼʿӭѩԭʱбѩʿͨѡжǼʿȴȫȻɽʧأһí˾ֶ롣
ǰǸƳī񣬾ɷ˵һѽϷɽһɽׯԪӤΪһʿֻ˳һ¡īûӦһνɽׯŵĽС
ʲôһվȣͼæѣ۾ＸҪ
ֻһ˦֣˾ͱƵڵأīҲûϵԷ˲ãһһƣȴѪ߰ߣ˵ӣֻ϶⡢棬ޡ
˵˹ȥ
ޣīţʱúõģôԵ޹ʡ
һʿ˿ڵģɫˢذˡ
˿ƤⷭɢŰɫȷΪٿʿҲ˺ۣһһֻۣΪŶīһʼûע⵽
ܴԽԭģԪӤΪʿȴ׷ɥ֮Ȯ㱼
ѪģĶ֫壬ش˸
ޣĽ¶һ˿ɫ
ɽׯֻܱǳֹֻޣεˡȺӳֵǵһΡ
īǼʿҲΪལһʮˣ;ԼĪһСȺ״ѩǵ͵ϮʣӣҺõʱɽׯѲԶŵԼһ
Īǰʿ̫࣬ݷ˷ԭޣһ˵
Ľ˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷ޽ɽׯʱҲûޡ
˷ԭΪϤλñѡġĽƼǵ˵˷ԭ𴦵ȷ޳ûڼԶĵطɽׯ֮أԲǧûκ飬Ҳѷޡ
һֻɫɽȸײУȴ
ֱ䵽Ľеů¯ϣſһſĽƵָһڣڿЩطȻ˲䣬طһ̾ůͰ
һܺ
ϳǾĽƵޣղضķһֻ۱һֻۡ
Ľ֪𲻻Ե޹ʳ⣬µɣȥǷ;ޣԺ顣
ȥ΢΢һЦԴôˣûкһ𣿡
ڷ˵ʱ𾭳ߴߴ˵ͣʱȻ׽ܴʮֽ䱸ֻСɽȸʱͻ᲻Ծ
岻ͺǰëϻմѩмȻǷһ·ùǺ
ǣ˷ԭʶʶ͸Ϲˣո˵治ȫҵһӡ˵⣬Щ߷߲ƽػ˻ӳ򣬡ȫҶʮˣôҵĳ㱻ζϣ
ޣ
˵ͷʱů͹ˣɵ˵ϣŮģż˵һ޳ûһط鷳Ѿȥˣ˵ѧǻͿĻǵðѵѹȵǰﷹͰٻ
Ľüѹڶһɽѹлʬ壬ҲӰ죿
ҲȻô˵ȻĵС͸򣬶Ρ
ĽѰ˼Ƭ̣˵ͷлѣһᾡ찲ŵġ
֮ȰٺȻ㴫źٻʿŻսģ䱦ǰɽׯ
˷ԭ˵Ϣܿʹɽׯ
һ⻼뱸ɽׯڵֽ˼֡ɽׯι̣жڣûס
ֻīһʱҲûа취뿪ˡʮ˽ԪӤкڸ֣˴룬ӶӲֻܼѻؿջīΧ
ɽׯĻ̻ʱϿлǰеһв֪˷ԭϷޱ䣬ɫɣ˺֮¡
һжʮˣһòӢˣӦ˵죬һĽСŮӣźĶ񣬿ɼˣǱòᣬ費ʱϵĺ
жðڣ̲סʵ࣬Ǻ
ͽȲ⻹ûϿءЩûƻҪɡ
ôáŮͷ֮ǰͼΪͿˡ
㲻Ҫ˰ûѵ⼸䣬ֻĿŮϣãͼգɽׯҸ÷
ߣҲŲϡ˵㡣ŮƲƲ죬ǲֻһ˲ɫȴȻƸɽҲǱѩذ
ǶͶãǺǧǰȥɽׯʿһҲལֻĿȴ
һڳʱ纣¥δ߶ʵ飬ֻʦȥҪ飬ֱаΧƸɽƲ֪оޱ䣬ȥȴֿסòѰ͵͵Ƹɽѱѩס
һٶȥҲû˵κйһڵϢһֱЯҲΪ衣
ɾδ¹ö뺣Ҷһֱڴ̽һڵĶŲལֵϢô¼пܾһڣִҪǰ
֪һֱԵ֮΢ʣ֪ƢǲӦ˵һ͵͵ǰȥ룺һĳ֣ԽһĽᡣǾʹӦ
δԪӤл໤籾Ӧ¡˭֪еĸӣǿźģв֪жڡֻڸı⣬ƱȻġֻԷһȻͳϿķѵʱʿ˲١
ۿɫҹȰҪѰ˼ҪҪͣϢһظеǰŨҵ
ãսȵ漴һѳƣһֳֻ齣ſ罫˻ܲ͸硣
˷ɵѩزʱͳֶദ𣬲ѸٱƽǣɿʱֻһźӰѩ´ܳһ⣬Ƶĳȥ
׸游ϰҴΪľǺӰȥƼ죬Ķȴ죬һӣźӰͱһΪ䵽ʱڳ鴤ֻ޷ɸв
ֻɫЫӣβļϷŹɫȻо綾
Сģж缱æѵֻȴЩˣδһ·һҺ
ֻŲӵ£ʱ麣ɢʱͻ˷۳ЩһӵϣʼǴɢ
Ƽ״ɫҰףǵһμǰȥһɽ¬齣ûγΡ
һˣѪ˿ӿѩϿ°ӡǣѪζһŻЩɢޣֻͼȥȡ齣ţ
ôͻȻޡ罹Щ޶߳棬ֻʵ̫࣬вٻжв֮ǣۼвˣ֪ȥ׶༪٣ӳһеߣȻŶ̤ϷɽްΧ¼״׷׸ϡ
÷ɽһӺ룬ֻЩԸŹֿɵõ·׷ᣬҹɫ£μǿɲ
Ͽз缫׳⣬ʱ±紵ڵأȶͱû
ҧͷиͻʧƽ⣬ǰԶϿȳڣѾܿıԭԼ׺ڱϡ羵һĺ˼ǷˮֹЩ߳ʱǰӹһɫӰ֮ǰΪŨҵӿһһ̾;ֱһʹӵ߷Ƶķ˳ȥͶһˤڱϡ
һͷһ˸ߵѩǣѪ˸űŰźâһɣͷٶȴΪϵ͵Ķƣֱܹ׶Ը
ãһֻʧȥ֪ǿһֻ־齣ͼſ磬֮ʣסƵĽһ¾ͱѩǵצ飬޷Ǳ־סֻͽ͵ۡ
ѩǵ·𿴵ķţţȴܵϤϢ
ɫסɴȴѩǵļצͣ˼⣬Ҳ޷ƽֺöֱ޵ͷβɺ֫ѩеѪ⽥ȥάŷ˵̬һںкܿͱ˱󣬵ɫԱƮʱǿ˷ĩ


116 
Ͽȷ, ䷢ҫ۵Ĺ, ˷, ʱ, ͽɢȥ֮ǰȺҲˡ
Ƶ˼һƬհлָ, , ߹ȥ磬ȻŹ־ǵӰ
˿ϤȴɢİС
ڵǰս, ޱ𾡣Դȡһһ, ʱͬȥϿŶصɫ, ѸݣĶʮ˽ɫۣҲʽһģһ뺡
ʶԼ뺣¶ŵı飬̽ؿڵʦ֣
ת, һ, Ҳ¶ɫʦã
ǧһ֮ʣ־˶ƵľǷ纣¥еһڵ, о
ӡеķ纣¥ǵǸ꣬Ц⣬Ӳ֪Ϊ, һ֬ķ纣¥ȴ·һǷʯһ˿Ц⣬Ҫϲˡ
ʦ֣㣿Ƽ纣¥ߣ´
һȼǺ޷纣¥һԲսġ
һڵӣ̰η֮
֪жٴΣ˷߷߲ƽ룬ԼᣬΣԷûк˾
ط꣬ȴɢȡ֮Ǽ˸Լ纣¥ӣ֪⼸һܿࡣ
κˣڻںշתѰ
ʦ֣⣬Ϊ˲ལ𣿡СǴģ
ĿͶ纣¥вϤݣڻȷʦʦ㣬ȴûΪǹҵһˣֵأ𣿡
纣¥ûԶƺһСȺԪӤޣ֮ǰΪˡ
ʮͷѩǣ뱻纣¥ɱͷ֮ͬ࣬ǰͷ˵ѩֻһͷͼѶԸһô࣬;쳣
Ʋһ¶֮ɫ纣¥Ƴһۣ΢бסһӣս
г֮󣬽߻ס
Ȼֵú򶨣纣¥ɫԼ¶ţִ֣Ϣȴ޿ȴʺϵʱ˿и
һڴ˴γ˽ˣִֻ˷ԭͱּ·ѰѩԭɽׯϣֻȶһգȻ֪ʱԭ޺Сڣ纣¥ʵЩڣһڱ𴦵ͬţЩò׼ǷܰȻȹǰΣ
Ѫб伺ռţþȲʤȯڴ˾гһ˵δʦꪡ
ȵѩѽǰ纣¥ؿȵ۾˶
ȻһźɫӳϷִһ֧ʣʼȾ쵤ˮعģһ㣬ǼɶʱһֻȺޣ̾ͽͷû
纣¥һ㶣ܿ췴ӦһӣԴһڵ䣬ɫסΪͷޣʮɳͷޱ֮סãɫӰԾǼͷնɱµǻǱ͵Ϯ
ֻһ޾һ룬ʣµļƲͷɢܿʧڷѩС
ϳˣϲ
ǽգЦЦĿڷ纣¥ϣϳݺ۾ƺһܿɵ䵽纣¥ǰ˳ǽգλǷ纣¥Сѣ
һǰͻƣ֮߰Уνǰ磬˾ΪǰҪӣǺһǫûΪΪ߾󣬾ֹްֲܡ
һڷ纣¥纣¥л
ֻ·ѣû뵽һڡŷ纣¥ǸпĿ纣¥Ʈȥ
纣¥ͼСʦʱûһ𣬲Լɽׯϡ
ԭˡЩ˼ЦЦ¶ǵɫ˷ԭ޲ⱣûǲҪͷж
ˡ纣¥˵ͷ޺ҾͷźţӶСģӦöڸɽׯˡ
԰ģЦСѿȫҶˡ´˵ز˾ȵɽׯɽĳΪһλϴС㿴Σ
纣¥룺һھòɽΪལ˼ɵܵýշҲܽй˼ɡǱӦͽˡ
û˷Զһ̨һϮȻñµ۾עǣһ뿪󣬲ȥΣֻѩƮ䣬ܿ͸סͣĺۼ
֮ˮϣһѹȣĩֱɽǰųֵģڼȫڱѩ£ֻеײﰼݵĵطδȫסܿóұԭĺɫ
䱦ʿѾϤ룬ѹżѩ£֮ⶼĵģͻȻһХֻһɫӰԹȵ״ܳһͷŻޣѹȱߣµļķ׹ȥ
ţһɫӰƮƮȴһ̽赭дȴεذס޵ĺ󾱡
޷һХ֮ǰΪһ˲ֻХȻֹ޵൹ȥȻǾ顣
鷳ֻޣ䶪ѹС
һ˵ɽׯޣ˵ѹйأиĽƺ͸˹䱦ʿ뿪󣬱ڹȵ׵
ܿͱ֣ȵһصĽ䣬һͨصոֻޱģ̫ãһ
ֻ޺̧黮ָɳѹȱתһȦͣĳһ
ȥһ㣬ѩȥ޴ӡС
ڹȵ㷢µϢǱڲŻ潹£֮ǰʿûзѹ뿪ģǸˣбĶ
Ƕӡ
ͦġֹһ䣬ӡָȥ
Ѱʱӡ˷֮ˮ֮࣬ӡʧˣһ⻬ıվһüԭˡ
Ȼ涼Χס֮ˮʵˮˮԴΪ콵ѩԼɽϵѩһӣںı£˷ԭ⡣
лˮ飬֮£ˮһĹȣȻĹʵҲͱһ䣬ǺͱԭȴҪ࣬вٶﶨǴǴȴԶ쳾黯ޣֻЩȥ磬ԾԭѰһԵʿ޵ټ
ڱϣţ߱ͷųɫڷз裬ѩѿ
ƵıӳģƳԼգǳɫһ˿Ȼ
ǰȣûκα仯
˹㣬üͣĴü׹˵ı
òȴǻƵ顣
ǰ¶ݣϾһαװܶһ䱸֪ԼƢ鷳ͻ֪ݵֻ½١ïֺͰ䣬ʶҲһֱֻ½ѣϰʱʱ仯ģӲȥ̽α
ıһʱҲģ֮زز󲻱κϳǷ̫֮ΣգֱԭòܻܿѰ鴦¿ܷɡ߼䳹ĺ
һ⻯Ϊʱͬȡ֣˾ͶҡһΪһˡ
ٶ꣬˱ҪʱûʩչһֱӣΪòأıģҪö࣬ҡڳֵĵش˻ɣΪ˰һֱЦӱ䱿ˡ
ֻԼΪʲô
ֻǲټʱϲ
Ҳ֪εļƻܲܰһӣͬʱϸֳ֮ɫ
ͻȻֹסŲֻһ٣磬˲ʱߴ
ͬʱѣ޴ĺӰ˳̾ͽıѩȾ˺ɫ𣬰ɫϢļɹĻ𻨣ֻһմ䡣
Ӧֻһģֱ۾Ҫǰ֮Ϣɡ
Щŵõҧ˵ľ㣿̤գǵӰ촽΢¶µı飬ϸ˺һеĿûһζ
Ƿǣƻǻǣצ羫ޱȣڵаɫĻƣǻƾڻβɣɣʱڷ趯ǺɫĻ档
е졭üʲôţ
ǾٶȳŰɫ棬צɫǵصУŴ˷ӿ
ȴһ˼ǵģʲôûаҪֿӡ
˿ǱŶ˻Ƶġ
ۿЩкҪûеɫˮƵӿźһ
ǽһ
⻮ϸߣͣסţǰϳһѪۣѪ˿һƫ뿪ԭĿꡣ
֯ɵɢȥ΢΢ͷǳɫеӳһϮ¡
ʤѩ˿٣ڵžؼеĹ⣬ī߳ΨüǵɰƵڻϵѪճ֮Ψһɫʡ
ϤĻ棬ÿϸ΢Ľ䶼ϣʱͺδһ㡣
ϤȥеġеʧˣĹȡ֮Щȴ˼Ȼֹ
ʱ˿̣ܿģֻĨ˰׵Ӱ


117 
ǳ롣
, úƻص̨³ʱ
һ̧, Ĩ˳Ⱦİ¾ͺ׵ش
Ȼǡ׹, ¶Ϊ֮ʧɫ

ɤ³Υ, ֮ʵ߽
ľƲǧ֣Ƿͨվƻ缯ݾ, ûк, Ǻȿľƽѣκ⣬Ǳ˭ѡ
, ˼а磬ǵѪݡ
ɴ˿ȴԼЩˡ
Щƺ;Ӫͳͳ׵Ժ, ֻܴŭľҲͬ, ֻúÿ롣
ôǰ㡣
ȴûпһת˲ͷ޶
֮ǰһǳ䲻ǾԴһʱȴҲѰûᣬպֻתΪ
ֻⷭ, ѩ, ĽХž޵ɫϢѩԭīƵĺۼĨ´, צײ⣬ֻǽȴʼ޷͸ĺɫ, бѹƵļ
Ϊ֧ţѱܵû
üͻȻﲻԾ
ȻɱŽϻĲū\ҲǷٽ֮һѺ˵Ľǿ죬ȴеͬ
ɵﲻͬ૵ųͼЩʲô
Ǿ޵ڶһһ׺޷˼ڣڼͷһˡ
ᣬ׸ǹ
һ˲һİУһĨɫһɲǼͽӰֿ
һץסұֹۣסӳĽһֻ赭дǰһƣһЯŴɽ֮Ǿ޼ͻ䣬˿أ¾ʹ̳ǧ໥ɼ̵С
͸ôǵܡһЦ˵ͬʱһѩкظֳƵģӿǸ̾ͽûˡ
ûȥǾޣһµıʱѿһ϶Ȼų׹ȥ
ǰ֮
÷ŵĹвͷޱֲ
ǾʲôסãûЧһ㶼ںֻѰ˴ŵƧͳú̸̸
һǳ̲ϣ쳣ԣغһӣͷѷˣŤͷ룺û°ɣ
˵ʱһֻץųĸ첲
ȴΪͻȻѡ
ʱ꣬ԼǵõеʹǵĺޡĲʡ
ı꣬ڵԸԳһسɽţһʼó嶯ƻⳡòײŵĻ档
ʱĨɻһֻǺܿƽ
򲻽һθܵ˷
ץŵǳ룬Ȼͬɵȷǳ롣
д
ü۵ƵϢüһɰеĳֺ졣
֪Ϊʲô侲Ϊν򣬻ʻǳ⣬п統һ޷ڵĽ䷴ɡ
ʲôûУȴֻޱ޼ʵİ˫ڵûκûзŭûбˣͬҲûϲһ˿ûУ˷ԭļҪƽ
ֻڱסʱɻþͼǯơ
뵽ǳʶʱ뿴ͺʱһǿһİףûմȾκ׵ɫʣֻǸزʶ·ˡ
Ϊ벻ԸϣһЩɤж˼ֽ㻹ڹҲ뿪ѣҪҪй߶ԣڴ֮ǰɲҽͣ
һᣬԺи֡ϤѪ֮еɤ
㣿ͣڿڣɤȴ͸¶ɻ󣬡ʶ?
룬ѯʣҲûرԵ
ʶ
ֻһҶˡ
ʲʲ̳˼һ˲ɥʧ˵
ϵһй뵱ѿʮ⣬ǿһۣȻתͷΧ
ԻһӦǳ޼Թʶڴʵˡ
ⲻܡ
벻˵ѣֻǱؾΣҲ׾ӵһۿ
Ǿ仰ҲûпҲûйʶԷΪҪֻĬ쿴ƬڱµĹȣ·ûһ
ȷǳģͻȻİסֻᵭһ䣬Ѻ󣬾ٲ׷˵Щ޹ؽҪ£֮ûбıʣȥʶԷݡ
ҡؿǰʵͽȻ䱻ӻ˻Σһ̤ˮУѸϯȫÿ䡣
ĳһʱˣô꣬һֱѰһᣬҪټһ棬ҪЩ˵¡
Ϊó벻ʼάԭòΪ˲ϧһӣռùƵڰЩ֮أٶһ㡣
ΣںԼʣΪΪʱûнһߡ
ΪһǰȫģΪǺܿлټ棬Ϊ侲Щƽ̸һ̸
֪Ϊʹ⸶ۣɲþʱ֪ۻ˴
ʮһܸıܶ£ܲԭټҲа;졣Ҳпܣʱб䵭¶ĺޣͬ²͵飬˴Ӵͬİ·
̫ȷôԼǷȻе顣ǸһܵõԼҪģȴִšڸ飬ˣžɢԵǿ
һø鵭ˣͻسȥ걻ī㱳ѣȻһӣʱȥҲʲôƽ˵ʲôǵģҲֻСѡһ°ˣϾͲǿˣἰ̫ʱⲻ˼ᳰ
Ѱҳʱֹһ룺Ҳִֻˡɾ㱧ʣҲûзλԼ˿塪ҪŪס
ôĲȷţڼһȫɢֻʣ²ɺĿ϶
ֻһƳҲƲĿ⣬ɸֻЦ
ΪϮ¶ĶΪƵ˶ΪϵļȸԾѡ
뿴ЦסҪɨеһ
ɳȴˡ
ҡϮ͸İ£ãૼ䣬Ȼս֪㽫ָÿ죬㡢ôܡ
Ȼѹֶһ˲
ôң
Ѱ뿪·Ȼ֮䣬ܵɱ
ŭΣ˷ӿЯŲɶҡ֮ǰͷ޸Ϊˡ
ӽӭɱԴ
ȴסˡ
һ˲һͱһݵݺݵ˸˪ѩʯϣֿضޡɲǼ䣬ֻмʯҷɣȶıⱻ÷׷£ȴڻûʱͻˮ
ķƷͣɱʯʱǾñһʹϻҪѹϡ
ǿӲʯȻҳһ޴İӡ
ΪԵͣҪϼͷ
㡭ؿǸŮȴ߽Ӵ˫ȳǳʱס
ܿóԷеѪͲ̣Īʶǲɱŭ⡣
ͷʱŮЦڣȴŴӽ͸̫ĺ⡣
Ѫδδ£м䵽ϣƿĿ⣬֪ʶĽԱԷ
յ˽ƤУ·һ̽ŽָҪϡ
֡ɵؿڣˡ
ԼΪλ˵ĻƺʶоӦˡ
Էɷ˵ͻȻϮԼȴ˿ûжԷǵ˵ĸоԷ˵֡
˳ųĿ⿴ȥԼѪ֣Ѫ˳Žס䣬мνڳȹϣ´Ŀİߵ㡣
Ƕ㲻һѾͻ񾳽磬ҪԸԶԶ
ֻҪʲô
ҪƻҪ˺ҪеһС
ųĿڵϼԷԵ麣Ϊ١
ųƾŭ죬ȴ޷ǰƽһ磬ֻսǰѽ
źãǽԼ֡
ʱ򣬳ֻת֣ȴʲôûսܼٽɵ˺
㣬Ʊһ£΢ʹУɬһɢ
ʶ֮ĳ벻£ҲЩľı仯Ȼĥ𣬵ʶеǱ
ǵˡۣЩսܵദʱ⣬̾һ
ռ˼֧ƻɢˡ
ɿ֣˼һƿҩ룺Ǹʧˣ񡣡
˵ͷһ߿ϵʯȻ¡ⱳų벻ȥԼ嶯֮ʲôĿˮŬԼ侲ȥĴ
ļƻЧˣལϢһվס
ɳ벻ǵˡ
ͷѹгľޣϤʲôΪʲô˷ԭгĽǰͬˡ
ѡ㡣
Ȼ߾Ŭȥ˼Ժȴǻ仰ƵƵ˼
ˣڣ̲סŭͬʱһƻ档
һּ̳ơƬʯģһʹȴȻˡ
ͼĶδЧֻǻ޴ӷйﶼð۵úܣķҸƫƧйһʱȻеʹֱֻ𣬺ܿ죬ľʹĸд
ʹܿȥȴǳڸͿҩ
ǱҵĽˡ̽Ѱߣ˽͵϶дĮȻҲûκΪǱĽˣбҪҽΣ֮
ųƽӣȻЦˡ
ЦúܴҪйȥǰ㡣
ѲǵǽڼγϣΪԼֺ󣬳ͻ뿪ǳԴİ˵ķʽ
ɳ뾹Ȼϵ˿ڡȻΪ⣬ϸµĶȴ͸Źĺ⡣
Ļ⣬ΣⶼƽĽ꣬
ԺиֳһͷҲⲢľ
ų벻ǵʶ⵱˳ѡ
ѡûиһ͵ĻᡪСµĳŵ
Ż˷ŭӦġ
ⲢǳԳ뱾أ
볤ദĵεΣڵµĹִΪֹһε٩벻֪ͨ
ͷѪҲԸЭԸá
ѡ½Կ粢Щ߾ֻΪһư֮ˮ
һֱûпǹԣΪ벻ô
ٲʹʵǱˣɻ۾ţɵӡ
벻ӱܣӱܡ
ĵ׵ɢȥƿְʡм˷Թ԰˴ϣһͻ̸ж
´ˣǻڻѹҲҪһг䶨˵
쿴˿Ƿϵĳ룬ӹ͵ɫʵ㡭Ϊʲô᲻ǵǰˣԸ𣿡


118 
뿴, һ˿ɻ󣺡˭
, ǲɱؾһʹ, Ƶĵͷһ, ΢΢һЦҽ, 볤ͬСż, һʱǼ꣬ðˡ
ôһ˲䣬ǹסȻ󱨳, ܿʹͷ
һӦö֮ǣȻûϳ, ֪ܿ, ھ̹ףһ˲Ҫˡ
㱻סԳӣŪԼҲҪѰɡ
Ļ֮һʱսʶï, ҡһ, ѡô֣ʱѾã˼ǵ, ֣Ҳõı
ţ
ǣѡἰѶ, Цж˷Գ¶ɣûԵĴ㣬ĵǰ֮ɽǰ˵Ҫİˡ룺չбȻܷǰ˷ԭһ˵Ѿɽׯʱ̽ЩϢ֮ͺĻˡ
ţĿڳɨһȦͼѰЩŷƾ֤
Ѿԭ׺˺ߵķ£ϵͷһûκλƺɫʣǺ覴õİס
ǴҲˡ
ŬԼҪȥ⣬𴦣ע⵽ϵĴ֮ǰһ⣬Կǲһɫɡɡ滹һС׻
һ̽ܿ죬оɫһ̯֣кܿͳһɡ
˵ɡɫﻭһ׻
ô֪ģ뿴Ǳɡḧɡ棬ɤԳãԼ֪
ȡǱɡһԭҲǺȷĳ᲻һ֮½Щȫˡ
ū\ˤڵ
ΪġԳгǰɡſתһȦ£룬Լڵˣһȥһ
һţؾĲ˲
ȱһļżɻ󣬿ɴ󲿷ʱ鶼ƽĹ̶Ƿƽȴ
Ǹˣƺ˶һ
һ˫ǳϣᱻŹֵĸоסĪºӹȣĪϮʼûԷǵˣͺЩȻġ
ǱԷסκΣС
ҲѰɡţ㿪ڵԲ𡣡
üΪҪǸ
ƺš˵ҩֶ˶ϥϣڲԶͦñֱϵ¶Գһ˿Ϣ
һģ򲻽ٶ뵽ǰ̲סЦȷʵšƳϵˣ
˵ΪܳڵĽоͻԲֻ޷潣ͷ޲Уе齣ȴʼ£˿ˡ
һ˵ͷǰĽòˡ
˵ţԴȡһһƳĶʱ͵һѿڵū\
ߣͨ崿ףԵԲκǣū\
뿪ʱĳǨŭ˽ɽ۵ѩУԽ˳봢䣬ղɡΪƾֻ֤Ϊ뻻˽Ϊū\վǱˡ
û뵽뻹š
ԭū\뿴˿еĽû뵽Ҳ֪
ۣЦһؾ﷢ֵģʶʱõѽ
ԭˣҼһֱڴΪûù˵ͷһһնʱ£ʯҲһơ
ˣ򿴵óǲǱնǱ뽣еϵġ
ū\ûһ˿һµװƷ
ڵĽ֪Ϊʧˣ޷޷潣ˡջū\֮ܺǰܵйأǵʧ˼䣬½ӡ
ˣôˣ͵ս֣Щ̲סҪȥץס鿴״ɺܿʶǾ޲ĿǰӦ޴󰭣Ŷ
롰šһȻ⻹ǲǰλʦҵģǰһѣǿභʵشͲǵǰˡ
еɡ֪ū\˽Ӧòǳ첻
ʵҲǵΪλʧȥ䡣
׷ݵʱΪԼȻ̨ĽУֱİûнǹ˳ǧ뺣ʶԼ𴦣ΪҲԶ
ûκˣֻµһĿţһɽã˵´ڴʵ顣֪ԼʲôȴҲûк⡣ƱҪٸףȴ̹Ȼ֮
һտģѰ֮󷢾麣磬Ծ˹ϢָڽʱһΪܿͻͽڲǰͻ񾳽硣
뿪úľĺٶǰһЩţӯĴħͷ
Сʦ˵Ǹ¹ƣαװݰһڣԵɺ³µӣΪҼ޷ûշıʦأԲűȥİɡ
ü˼ἰ´ʱĵȻ̲סʦЩʦʦǶûݣ㡣
һ뵽ǰյôٶ꣬;ŭաںˮУ뽲ʱ練ɵ£;һǼλϲ飬һϣᡣų뱻ȥ飬Ǻ޲ȥݺݽѵľĵһǹ˼ҪƿڴͰ֮ˡ
֮תһ룺Щǵùȥģһ߰Ӱ죬δһ¡
һ˺ͳ벻ԵɣȴǱǶ֪һЩ׳֮ôͻƣΪ˫֮Ǵȡ˴֮˹ʱ˼°빦Եʡ
⣬޷һԵ尡򰵰̾ϢѰ˼ԵġˡĵѵʱڱߵĽⲻܰѾסǽǰ״ûз麣
Īǵߵôæվ©
ţ֣ϣɫλѾͨҽĿȾҲ֪һĻҿ㿴
ϸֳһ˿ԥһĿ⣬ǵ˲Ϣɢˡ
żûãȴöԷǿ֮ˡһڵͬšҶԷΪ߹٣˵쿴Ҳû֮С
˵ͷַģͬʱ˼Լʶô˵Լɽһ࣬;λšʶģɾںδʶ˼ȥûаͷ
ЩÿͼǰܻӹһЩģӰӣʼץס壬Ҳˡ֮ǰ⣬ڣﾹ˷Уͼֶ֪ʶģ֪ԷΪλɡ
֪Ϊʲôɡửһ׻
עӣ˼ܿƵؽнԶʱȻԷҪ˹ֿ㶨˶񣬼
ů磬һȦû麣С
ͨʿǲ˵ԼģΪΣաЩӦǺܿͷûκԣˮӣɲǾУκͻأ
һɫ鵽ʲô𣿡
ջ֣ǿһЦҡҡͷҵвҪȥǸѡֹʵ˴ǰ˷ԭĪҲΪ˲ལ
˵ͷֵұСʦһֻ;޺ѩԺɢˣ·ɷͷҪ㣬Ż֡
ѩ˷ԭȻӣϿȵɽׯǶ·ȴ㰲ѩʵȴл𽫳˳ɢ޺ѩ
ţ׾֪
Ƿ·ûֱȥɽׯǴ̽һĵΣԲŻѩ͵޵⣬˷ԭϲ޳ûŻɢжġ
ԭȷġЦЦֻ˷ԭбʣɽׯֳȺӵޣвʿˣΪ˵¡
һĪΪͷޣ
˾ŲʮɣǿܲޡЦϵĺ̲˵ҲЩϵ
ǲޣʲôϵ׷ʵ
΢΢һЦһĺضһ̣зһġһƻֻƱ
ӸصһڴСŰݣɫƽǺÿǹ𣬻ð׺Ŷ𻨣ȡߺǣζƮ
ϵĲ⣬Цø죺
ñط꣬ȱʳδ̫Ǳߺȱ˵


119 
˵, ͵, ԼȺһ, Ȼһ˹ȥ
Ƭ, ͽӹ˱ӣѧһ
ûоܾ, ʱȸԾ, ٿһӸо֮̾ɫһ𴽽ǡ
ǵóǰƫʳÿÿ˵, ͻƽʱһ㣬ӸķӦ, ЦǺǰһ
Щæһ, ʵǰ֮ԻЩΪԵʣֻСɽȸ˷ԭ챻ɪɪԼҪģ, ǾͳҪȺĵ, 㱸һЩͣһ
С֮٣ţЦпȻȻȥȡ˵ڶӸ, ȻſʼԼķ֡
֪ǰϳһѹȣ
˼Ƭ̺󣬵˵ͷ
ע⵽ľٶĵĪǲȥɽׯ, ڷּ·̽˷ԭΪѹ֮£
ûжʣһųϣЩ²й©׷ʣɡ
οѾˣһڼƻʲôͲں
ѹͨصҵĵطͷӦģռԣ֮ԭĴɢ
ԭΪ˷ԭϲû޳Ѩ
ʵ֮أǱԭ޳Ѩ֮һЦ¶䱸˰ʾ԰꣬ҪţϢӹеӹˡ
ͷԱ͵Ϯһӣﻹ⡣ߵֻ˷ԭεѰҲĵطǰȥɽׯʿ࣬Խ˹
һ̽ӹгͷµϢ⣬ȷЩֻǰѹ±úܵײ
ͷȻޣʲôʵϵƺ޲ࡣ
ҲʲôҼǵãϹʱڣ;ǿ࣬Ϊޡ
ͷԼ꼧ǧԽѻӵзȴޡ
ֱֻ٣ޱͷԵصӳܿǹϵ࣬ܿʳʱմȾϵġ
вЩȫߡ
Ũңʳޡ˼ΪҪϮ㣿
ЦЦ˵׻࣬δѱʵҲûʲô𣬶ǻ˵ģǷһͣһ£עⳤ赭д˸⣺ðһ䣬һڴ˴ɽΪ˼᣿
Ӧѹɤص˵˴ζ׼νһľĪǲལ
ҡҡͷҲõֲ¶ۡ
ô˵Ҳ룿
ǡСʦҪضǱ
Žս֣ռͷض̽ȡסƱڳ뱭һ£ٹάҿ˻ıȽϺãõʱۡ
ȴҲǰˡģƺŻᡣ
ע⵽üͷһ£ԭ޵ĳʱˣ֣̽ҪƽǴǳźһžѲ
ͬľٶǣȴ
ۣܿߣԴھƺϣԭҪȡƣʣΪΣ
ΪǣȴǰĽˡ뿴һֱߵ齣ⲻ磬ΪҲͽ͡
ԭ֪ˡ̾һΪȷǰͬˣԼ֮ǰŻòԾ
ں쳾е򣬷ǵˣ֮ĽʧԽ跴֮ǰˡͷභʱȻõǽʵΪ֮࿹ͺһޱȣʵڽֻͣƤëˡ
޶ս׷ʵԴھ顣ɱˣֵȻΪɱҲ
ɳ벻ͬ츳Ҫ飬ϰУһһʽԴڱġһ˽һľ磬ȴˡ
ȴúʿһ
ǵСϵĳ룬ǽֹھһӣҪһΪ
֣յסڽӴ˲Ͷˡ
һ۴ʱȻȬ֣򲻽뵽һμʱ̸۽ĳ롣
ʱǸŮӲ£￴ģģΨԼĽ֮ں쳾ѧϲŭ֣еĽҲģ顣
ǧŵһжĨӵеĶʧȥˡ
ȻЩѹʵҪƬȾϱɫʱǵֻԼûйĹǲԸ⡣
Ѿȥ˺ܾã֮Ƕģٽѳ뵱ԼġǸԸΪ֮ǾñǸ
Բ𡭡
ʲôʵˣ׶ԷΪʲôҪô˵ʶԼˡ
ûʲôЦЦס֣ģұ֤
ͷĿ˽ϣ͵һ
ǺϤĸоֹһοĻ棬ϵ¶ȱȳ˸һЩůǷůУȴа΢ʹ΢೤
·𲻻ͣЪ
ܿͳ֣ƺ͵Ӷˣ˸Ȼ˵ҪͳɽׯϹ΢ЦƶʲôΪƵġ
˵֮࣬ǴӺӹȻȥָָԴԷ֮ˮԴͷɽׯʵԶ
ദգȴöԷԼУصѩͷ޾鷳ˣ㲻ƴǣȥ
ͨԴͷ·Ǳֱһ᫣вٲڣȴϤ;;ķ飬ʱȡЩ۽ʳ
ӡУԼԱٹȺûٽʳ˴ɽͬе˶ԪӤΪû˭ȲԷ
λŮΪʦǾֹȴеӽȻͬЩ;пོ̤εķˣ룺ѵʿ
Щʳڣİ֮УǹɽϺȵ֮رֻпζȴûие̫֡
ܶȱʧǶμаɣţǶοհ׶˼ֺ棬ɵѯʱԷȴ˵Ҳ
ֻڽĸദʮգҾͻ˱ܾԺһھޱ䡣˵գ̾һ
жʱֳϧֻҲ޷ǿ󣬱㲻ἰ
˱̸߱ʱһڽżһ䡣
֪ٴΣ̲ס꣬ʱǵദҲ⾰ֲ֪жٴΣ̹ݡ
ʲô³ԹȥɣҪ֣ͰƷߡ
Ѿٶ꣬ȥֻ֪һìܣֻˡ
۲Ӽֱһ߰һֺ޵
ҡƳһǰûκα仯գⰵ˰ûŪ峤ΪλǶμ䡣
泤쿴״ʱһֻⷢЩŹ֣һʱͷ
֮һжôӳǡ
Ȼ֪£ֻ֪ͬзɣ֪Լʱ״̬ǰʣȻǵԼ֪Щġ
ﵽǱƺƸɽЩƣʵȴȻͬ
ƸɽϵıΪºΪǼ̵ıݡıѩǾ½γɵģû̫״һֳԭģ
ȽϺÿһЩ롣
߹ССıߣÿж֮ЩЩܿЩطïֲܵЩطͺͺģһ·Ҫˮߡ
ˮʱ뷢ˮǱˮ¶ȷȰϻһЩ
ϵɻ󣬱س֮ʣ׹أ˷ԭҳһ޴İӣޱȣΧѩڻγƬһǰֵ̳׹صĻ棬ڷ֮ˮԱԴԺͱԭϣʵˮ
ֲطˮɱΨ֮ⷺˮӰ졣˵ͷԭд˵
￿֮ˮˣŻȽԣԽˮԽֻͣͳɽŲ
ûãƿʼθߣˮʧȥټΧֻʣºı㣬·ݺύıУвٵط·ߣɱŶһͻᷢѾԽϡ
ֻԼһˣضҲǰ·죿
һֱڵ޵£ԲЩⷢ֡ЦЦ˸ɡ
û֪Ȼ˸ͷʵ֮˷ԭǧ֮ǰͷñ˷ԭû˱ϤƬˡ
ͷı㽥ƿһת󣬳ǰػȻʣվڷ֮ˮһƬߵرԵԸϲƬԭܹɽׯĴš
㳤ߵɽׯʮﴦͣ½ŲָָԶһƻֱ߾ˣĿǰǰе֮£ȥҪᵽҡ
ͷӦתߣʱԶشһϤ
ӵģ°ɫӰ֮ĺѸٿ
ͷƤһ飬һ뿪˭϶Է죬һǰ
򣬺þ㣬ʲôҮûΪʲôҪҽȥɽ
½˵ɽׯؽĳű̸Ϲǰ͵ɽׯҪҵȴһֱûģºò׸֣ߡ
һ˲ȴһʶɤ
򣿡


120 
Үȥ, ӳһϤ, ʱͷһƬհ, , ȴ˵һ
ô벻һ, жʱĳһ⡱
֪ĽƵĹϵ, Ҳ֪ĽƵݣץԼһĽƿ϶鷳
ͬ⣺һںڵĹϵ, Ӧˮһʹô²˺֣Ҳƽ͵زа
һ, дʱЩӲ, ǵһϿ޴룬һͷˮ롣
ǰһǸŮɢŻ֮ȥУ˾Ǳѩɣ, ڵԶϲ
սĳǵһκʱ, ͻᱻףɼˣһҪǶʦͽѡһദĻ, һ
ᵽΪߵʻ
룬һں޲Ĺ̶𼫶Ĺ, ɽ뺣ľͷûûйӰûůޡ
򣿡
һ飬ûпҮһ߽ס
ҲҮϰߵģˣػؼǰĴ
ʲôС򡱣
ųĪ⣬һֱ򰡣Ǻͺˣѳζ뵽ɾѱǰӣ䱸ıʵԶˡ
ţע⵽ѪɫԳһʧ
ĨоԼ
ǱǾһ˿ˡ
ƭңɤѹֶɳơ
һ˲Щ΢Ϥ˺εŭ⡣
⻹ҮһμԵر¶ۿȻ𽣾Ѱͷ˼ά˽ٻǰ״ɵʲôƭ
û˵꣬ͿЩԽ̾һ𼸺ܳƵ΢Ц
ɤʱȻֹ
ɰ
͵ɤ˵ĵ飬ҮУȴһɺ⡣
˫ǳһ˿Цⶼޡ
⵽ô£Ү̲ס
ͬʱֻһȴǳνʣɢž˵ĺ⣬ֻһ㻯һ⣬ʺ
ôݣҮĿɿڴһ˸пͬʱͷŨأ̾ڶ飬üͷһ¡
ɵرܿһסҮļһԽҮͬʱս¶Ļ
ҰƽҾͰѰƵֽŶ˶Ԩι㡣
ɤƵḧȴ˲δ䣬ĨɫӰԶ
ôҮֱᣬ뵽ֻһ򣬾ͻ˺
ȻҲ֪ԵɣҲܲ³Լлĺ¡׷ȥæ٣ڳǰ
ưͳԻп˵ʲô֪ʲô֮٣ЩͳͳãȻܻǾ仰ֻвֲ֮
˭֪Ǹӻ᲻ᶯ
Ҳһ£Үһ𵴵˲佫µļɷĩҮֻýӭʱһ
֪Ϊ˲٣ҲֻѰʿٶΪƶϣû뵽Щûܽסһ
ԽѳһƬɷס
Ϊʲô򲻸Ѿ񾳽ˣ
ԪӤʿסԷǻʿˡʧôѪʵֻʣ߰˳ɣǽޣҪؽƷ̸ס
˭
һ񵲺ɫ糣ʵֱ۱ʹֲ֪Сջߣһδǰ°ɫȹŮĪǴҲǹʶ
Ү˼Ʒİ취һѿڵ㲻ʶˣ
ǰʶ㣿뽣ָɻֻǺܿǵɣǺˣ̻򣬱Ǳ֮С
԰գЯֱָ֮Үš
ۣˣôôݣҮⲻԸ볤ΪУΪ˹Ǵùģ˭ϳһ־ɱУﲻסпࡣ
ʱЩģһػȻ򣬼סĽеĪʧˣ
һ֮ǰ־ѭˡ
ûпһ
Ү룬ĵѹһ֣ضǿʧͳûݡǰԼġ򡱣һս
˲˵ġ
ԺѰ˼˵Ǽһ˵ġƽӦôƽ
ס뻹ǽһʱʽ֮˼ֳɡ
ԥʱѷɿعʮеĲӰһģİ׹⣬βס١
ٱ죬˲ϢͶ˲ϸСĽۣҮĵæһ볤룬һ壬ſ磬ſһ볤ĽնҼ硣
һ㣬ǾҪֻʲôˡ
ֻлڣȴһʱͻҮķֻҮͬ벻ڲ˵ס
Ҫôս뽩֣Ү꣬Աǲܳһ
ܿʹͷֲ棬Сһ˵Ҫˡ
ʲôͽܾʲôʦĺһģһæҼҲ˲ʵϱȳ곤ܶˣֻԼù͸Żʦͽ͸Ǻ
֣Ľкһ١
Үһϻһг˰˻ľ
˻ľϾֳã֮ɫжʱ
ʲôڵľӣǰʲôһʱ̵ּ̨ʹ
ĺȻʹ룬סǰӻ˻Σ񱻳ƵĹڵأս֮ɿ齣ϢѩС
ôˣҮû뵽˻ľԳ˴Ӱ죬ԭþɻʲôû뿴ȥĪʹ࣬ľӣԥǲǻȽϺãһ뵽вһᣬ˵˾䡰Ǹǰס뱳Ĵס麣
ɻûü֣ԶһϮһ̧һӰ⼲۶ϮȴһֻɺףӦһ˵衣
һźɫӣһǴź۵İ׷ŮͯҮĿѣһ۾ϳ˷ֱǽպ𣬰һ⡱æϳԼǰԾˮУܿˮȥӰ
պʶĽȻټٰҶۣΪҶ۵ĹϵºͽսύˣǿͲճˡ
û°ɡһͽס룬һڶһ߲鿴ǷˡֳȻɫ԰׵û˵ļ󣬲˿
Ҳյִɽׯպͷ纣¥ӭȻԶ˽֣һ̽־ǳ룬ͽæϹ
ձøһЩȻҲһͷˮУ׷볤뽻ֵˣֻһ͸ˮ棬ɵҲˣôô졣
ȻԷΪ߹Ȼô̵ʱھѰκټ
ʱѽɺףһƬããԷϸǱڰʵӦԣ㻽ϰͽˣʱаǶӽΪá
лѡЦת룬ɤж˼ֹУڸоΣвʣ
ް
ǡ֪ӿ֪㽻ֵǺˣС
һȴҡҡͷҲ֪
˵ţĿⲻԾԶƮȥȴǿ뿪ķһ˽ãȴԷ඼̫ǵ壬ʱĶƹԷȥ׷
ȻʱΨзѩããﻹõǵɫӰ
ž
򡪡
ĬǰֳŮЦɺܿ죬˫۾ЦֱѪɫȡ̧סĿڣϸֳ֮ɫ
еļգһΣǱһˡ
ƹغȻǵ֪Լʧȥһεļ䣬һֱûоʲôӰ졣
ȻԼ͵ڽʱһôǵûʲôء
ֱգ֪ԼԭܳôԳ֮»к棬ǸİŮУֱ֪ʱеᡣ
Լڵ֪ԷƭʱͷԻᱻŭռݡ
ѹһʯҪʲôܽص飬ָܻƽ͡
νȻ󽫽ԷĿڡ
ǸϻѪ۵Ļ棬Ŀת˲ĿȴǺƿ˹Ķʹ޷ȥĸо
ȴǰĵʹֻʣʹ촽˫ֻսͼϢԼƽÿһϢӵĽƺͷ꣬޷̨彣Լİ֮У·ڿһİˡ
򡭡
ۣƣˮƵĽɣƭҡ
ʶԼõǡ֡˼Ƭͣ٣ãɻлۡӡ
ĵһտģżĸоֻһΣ˼ɬԼʹ
㵽˭
Ϊʲôһ
ɽׯûбԶսԺ֮ǰһ޴ľ̲С
Ͼʿʿ˽֮ǰ̫ΣѾûֳܷȥ˼
ڽεһȦֳ䱦ƣԲȥﶼ˿ͿźûʲôҲֵУɽׯӲһСջ˽¥
ÿ춼ȥĽƷһϵر˵һͨҲ⣬ɲſĽƷ䣬һ졣
һŲ輸ֱײŷ˳Ժнϣˤķѡ
ۣ˭ôƢͷĶСװٷɳʲôԼ
Ҳ׷׳ַϹɻûͱĽƺˣû£ûҵķԸ˵û롣ȻĪЩΣ仹˱
Ů˵ҥһ鶯ˡ
Ŵ̽һղɢøɸɾ
䱦ϰи绪ˣѾǴҶ֪ܣȻŮӺأӲǰżĽƷﴫЦгʱ˷ݵöȣʾô˵Ĵڡ
һǸϳ˭ѽˡ
˵ţһԾɽȸģ˷С
ǸȻָҮҼŵҮóв£лҪҮ輸죬ҪѶԷñײſġ
Խǰǲ磬ҮĴСС
ָֻһ˵ıӣǵͨ죺ô֪ʲôҲϺòã
ָűӵбڷϣﻹű裬ӰǱԭӦǷһŲ輸ϵģֻŲ輸ȴһ˳ȥ
Ҿٸѧ졣ЦһûаҮķŭ
ϳ˭һĺϣܹȥͣͷôˣһΪҪȥ¡
°ͣЦȴֳһ˿ɬԭӦģĳ۵Ļ˺¡
㣡ҮֱҪըˣʲôҪΪѰư
ں˴ղŸҳ֮ˮûô䣬Ҳܣ뿪ʱ϶˱⣬͵͵ɽׯҰ߿࣬һͷȻĽƶȲ裬ѴжӶһĽȻ¯ɻǶòסս
û̻ô˵Ρдʵ˭ֱ׳ұνôˣ
㡭Үŭ𼸺Ҫˣᳯӽѵ𣡡
˵ˡĽͼסҮ֪ʱŭǼΪǵġ
ʱ۵׵ͱŰһ˲𵱳ԷʱΡ
ǸҪݻһУֻڿơ
Үʱ£ֻǻϽ͡
𶼲ΣգǵطɵĽαϣСš
Ľ֪ԼĿǰĶ֣ܶԷ̬ȶӶԻӦû뵽Үպڹۻû뵽ڴ֮ǰ˳ͻͳйء
ҮƽʱĻʱ˾ʲôˣĽȻס䣬ȴ߹ԼҮûвǵ΢С嵽ǰƵĶеĲ豭ݺˤڵϣȻ
һΪʲôˣѵһִٳɵʱʲôƿɴûжԲ룬Բ㣡
ҮĽƼسĵã˲ϺȥҮǰһŬƣһȫעع۲ɫȻһ亹
ɱȻӣ˫ǳпѪһһ˲ҪʱȴͷһĨȥϵƬ¶ԳЦ
˵ءᣬ̾Ϣ
ҮҲ͵ҲŲš
죡Ľƺݺݵһֻۣͻͻֱ˼ĻʱҲǸø֪¸ġ
ޡҮӣһԥԥڣĲ𣿡
һֱ½磬ʲô¶пܣԵһڵºûģ֪ĽƺĽƾѹһӡ
֮μ򣬶û£˶һһЦ֮ԽտŻôԾ
ǣ𣿡ЦЦ
ҮƳĽƾӲͷƤ˵ǾͲǡ
ֻǲ̫ŵġ˳Ļӵ
㶼֪ҮҲӦžͱĽƴһ⣬ʶԼ˻æס죬ҡ˼ͷͼжԼôġ
ԣߵϣڿѩиֳȻ
Ϊлˡ
ǲûС


121 
ʲô㣿
龭, Ľʵ, ˻, ˵ʱһֻֽҮ
±ͻŭ𲨼, һˡ
ֻʣάϵⳡĶš
ʵĽƳԹҮҲ뿪ζԷβ˵ʲô, ֻܽҮק, ˼˲Сٶȿڲԡ
㰡ЦЦƳҮһۣú߻ëŬĽϿԭе, ĳЩͣˡ
ҲǹġҮСֹһ, ԭί, Լһ򡱵˺εصĺƬ̣̲סֵҾҲʲô°㿴֮ǰƭһΡ
˵һע⵽۵һĺ, ʱȥ, С顣
Ľָɣ˳Ү£תס, ڰҲãߡ
ǡЦһ, Щܵ̾һֺγʵԸ档
˵ʵ⼸յİݶ͵
⼸գٶΪɵӣȻ벻ǵˣԶԷһһиܵ׽
ļ䱻ĨȥˣĻǵá̸ʱĻ࣬üۻ᲻Ծͣż˫ĺ͸¶Ц⡣
ڶݵļദ𴽽ǣ֮Ὺڣ˵ҲûȻܺãչ͵ġ
ҮƽͻȻıһ£ϰϲŭ޳ӳеģȴδģ
ģӶᡢɱ¾ֻҪܴﵽĿģԲֶΡ޲ü
ɴʱվԶŮ͸¶˼ִ
㡭ˣģĵ׾Щѹ̲סڰο
ֻǷִֻͣ˶̶һ˲ܿ죬ͱҮϤģ͵΢ЦޱУǳɫ͸䵭˾رϡ
ŪΪλʧ䣬ЩҪ㰲һ¡ûаԥǾ˼ǣģ񡣡
䱦󽻸Ľƣ˿ı⣬˼
֪ĽڷˡӶаǣֻˣǼΪ鶼Ὣ⴫˳롣
촫ĽƺаϵеϢһΪ˵һڳɽˡôûѰ㼣ֹһѰ˼᲻ΪӦĽƲᱩ¶ݣһֱؿƿ
ճ˵ֻڲǣһڵŻᱣܡ
˶ıһڣĽƽ䱦󣬳ضὫʦš
Ĩȥ˹ȥļ䣬ȻҲǵˡ
ԲལΪʱһֱȦ׼᲻̫ԣһڲϹǶˡ
ϸϸˣԭϣһеŴָҲһ֮ǰһģһĲ豭滹ð
ҮʱͦĴﵽʲôӵģΪʲôܱЩһʿֵֹĶ
ǣ鶼ˣΪʲôǼһﻹߣʼеغ
˳Ľƣֻεҡҡͷʾ԰ꡣֻһԲӿԼܳƵϸӹŵСŲˮ
ò׵һƲ꣬ظһʼ硰ߡ֮Ŀ׻˭֪˲豭ֳһ飬֧°ͽζ
̬ôǶʱҪ˵ģ
Үüڰ಻סʵι㻹ʲô𣿡
ͷҲ̧˹һҳֽŵûˡ
ǡҮֵǲڵʲôˣ
ûС
ȻĵĿ˽Ī
Ү۵׾ۼһôҲʲôɣһ˵ĹŹǻ㡭ǲǿˣ
̧ͷҲ¶ɻɫߣΪʲôҪߣ
ǰƵķ䡣ҮüĽƵ˵
סֻ¶һ˫ЦӣƮЩ⣬ҾͦģԴ顣
㣡ҮڷӦ֮ǰֶǹģڵشٴμŭǿƵЩ˵ǰøͺˡ
ȴ˰֣գգۣϲĲӣϲǴһҪȥ𴦣ȻҪϲǱˡ
˵ʲôҮɤһӸ˺ܶ࣬ЩԼĶ䣬ôô
ŶõġЦøһ㣬ԭϵŲ˼ɣƵ˴ǰڵʵʵҲ͵ġ
ҮĿɿڴЦ紺֪ô˵ˣ㡢㡭
ĽƿҲмִľĸоſ˿Ү߶ϣžǺ
Ȼ˵ġšָʲô
ƺӲҡҡͷ¶Ϊѵı飬̾һĻֻ˵ǸˣǰһܸһЩָ
˭Ҫ㰡Үеˣָͷ㻹ҪҪ
˵޿̵һƳŻȥʱĽҲ˲ֹˡ
ڷشЦһ˲Үֻһƻ˸գԭбϵӰʱʧˡ
òҪٳ⣬Ȼ˵ֻ仰лص
ܣҮҲʹ׷ȥȴĽۼֿס
δˣȥҮ۾ֻܵͷȰˣ׷ȥֻĵ
вҮŭδݺݵн̻еơ
Ľ̾һҮƢȴףʱı¡
ʹһһ׼
Үаδ˾ñط꣬ٲ´棬һ֣ﻹ顣
Ǿ侯ԽͷƤ顣
ΪĽ֪ó
ԣ治˳Ϲϵ
ơҮ侲Ȼ¶ί֮ɫԲ𡭡ָ鷳ˡ
Ľһĩȴֻҡҡͷ
ܾҮ̫ʣжӿһױǣűߣĻˣ˵ͻ塣ûйԹһ˫۾Щõ˵̾ͻգۼɢ
˫ɾӲҪۻࡣ

Үǰ˼վĽǰһ̣ݵ˹ɢŲǰȾϵĺһű
ͷʱ΢ۣϵ̺ӣסĽƣȻֽԷ뻳С
ĽƱ٣˺Ӹǵ÷·һͻᵹ¡
ʱӵ̫
ãеӽůʱ߽ɤõǸġ
ĽƻҮڶԷ࣬ŶԷȽЦͺܺá
ЩԽ̾һҪ취ƽǸǡ
ܱܲ˵ƽ֡Үһ̾һجεġ
㲻ǵӺܴ󣬻ȥƴ𣿡Ļ̌ͷûһۣجˣ
Үƿ񣺡ҿ۸㣬ָпƵĵû뵽Գôģոеѹӡ
šĽҲˡ
Ǹ衢һħͷһ˲¶˴
̸ĽҲãֻ֮һƵòִ
ʵϣ顱֮һ֣Ϊҡ
һԺͣһͶ뿪ˣɽׯ庮䣬˷ԭıжܰȻ֮
һֱϺţɽׯҲȥҹ˷ԭȰ˲֪٣Сɽȸ½һëȴôԸ뿪ҲܣǸˣҲŲҪһ𡣡
ô𣿡Դϵ˼£磬İƽϲúܡ
ˣ˵ͷôƯ̫˷ˡ
ǺǡЦЦһöϲȥ㲻˵
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Үĵû˻ֻΪĹںˣᵽܺ綼Ըദĳ̶ȡ
һʱصöȸѣѱ˹龫ȴʧĵСࡣ
ԭڵ䣬֪оôǣ
ͷǶĳָл
ԭΪǷζޱȵģϾ˶ʣ㾡Ⱦϣ޷ճȫɫ
εǧ꣬ǿ͸޷
ҲҪػƬɽӵԵɰɡ
ϣʲôس˼
ͷСɽȸ΢΢һЦ룬֮ǰһڴԭĴѰʲô
һŴӱס̸ֱ𡢷纣¥ͳ롣
ȷ˵ͷ纣¥ѯʳǰշ¡
ʲô򣿡Ǹ֣˶ʱɫ䡣
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һ룬һ鿴ħͷֶβбû˵㣿
ȻʣĿѾƶ˺롣
ŭ֮µľٶüͷ΢΢
ȷ֣ɲΪ
ԥƬ̣ҡҡͷûҡͣһºֵҽΧͷʱ
һͼı纣¥Ц˵ͷޱŵġ
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ţʶԼԾ뵽ľ⣬ͷʱֳֵĸо
Һ񡭡ϣСʦ˵
ָͷٶȱ֣֮ʱЩ͸
ôˣĲԾæǲǲ
ҡۣ²סӿϵɬ֮Уҡҡͷû¡
еѹ֣۵ײһ˿ۡ
Щ£纣¥֪󱲵Ҳ֪ȴ֪ġ
顢ġ
Գһֱһֻڡ
Ǹֻ˰飬ͱն쳾ǣϵ
츳ܹǶ޷󼰵ĸ߶ȣؽǰδеҫ
ΪɣҲΪôһֱ˵ԼǸ֮ڳ֮⡣
Զ˾ͺˣʲô֪ҲͲʹࡣ޵֮;ͬ飬ҲؽͶ
Ժˮ߹ġ
˭ŲʣȴΪԼ⡣
ⱾӦǺ£ֻûϵʵ˲ʹ
ֻѰӾͺˣƫƫǻűĿĶ
ͬû뵽һֱ䵭ĳ룬ϻ˾
٣ÿ˶ᾭܵģֻЩɽ⣬Щɽ⡣
̼ǵñ֮£ǰɫ԰׵Ѱһ˿Ѫɫȴֱ̹ͦ飬˵еΣԸκ𷣡
ǸģȴûаԹԣҲûκãײͷѪ֪ͷ
ͺóƭģ֪ն򲻿Ļĳ
Ϊ˵֮£㲻ٻΪ˭֪һԻ᷽ҡ
纣¥ͻȻڵСʦ壬ûʲô
ǲǴȥὣ
ûкᵽʦֵ䣿ʵ
ûСҡҡͷҲ֮£˵ͷ޵
ߣ˵һֶУҵǾЩͳͳı纣¥߷߲ƽ
ʶ뷴˼Ƭ̣վʲôû˵
ʾ纣¥侲Щ˼ǲıµҲԻͷὣ֮¿Ҫˡ
δ䣬ɤ
֪ΪΣĪ뵽ǰԷ̹ϵʱΡ
ƽ֮͸ŲݶҡĹִ
һõǰѽ
˲ལҪ𽫽
Σ
ͷԼ֣֪Լǲǰѽĵȴиޱ
ĹǵĹ
ͬʱһɤǹеģұ֤
ʮˣ˵Ļȴ̲סȥš
ףҪס
̧ͷʳ̾ͷɻ
Сʦ壬ʲôˡΪʲôʧȥǶμ䣿


122 
ʧԵ, 纣¥һ
Գ, ûдǰ, һ㶼, ɱʺҲֻᡰšһ
Ŀհ, Щ, ԪղʢЩ¶Ѱ˵һҪתۣԳ˵ȴ·ֵһᡣ
µĳ졣
Դ, 纣¥ûие֣еĳӵġ
еֻǹ, ۶ûС
һż, Į飬磬಻Լ̰Źʦ֪ܲǡš
ɴ˿, ȴϿʲôһ
ڷ纣¥ӡ, ֻڱ˺˵ʱŻῪڣҲԼ࣬һοѯʲô, ԼУڳǾ仰иܵС
Сʦƺ֪롣
ʱش, ֵҵˣκ𣿡
纣¥˫Ʊƽ۾У
ǹִǱݡ
ûڳп糣˵֮룺Сʦ忴˸ˡ
Ȼ볤һɽǰݵĶСʦȻЩ飬ǱˣΪȴ飬ɵúúչ
ʱʵЩЦãΪ߹һأȴҪչ˳롣
ȴʲô
˿׷žµĳ룬ҲǰǸ᲻ɴݵż¶һ˿޴롣
뵽֮ǰĵĪΪһ̬Ҫ֪Լʧԭί
Сʦ壬ħͷ˵ʲô𣿡һᵽɤоͶ˼ֺ⣬ǲֱʲô£
ûСҡҡͷ֪
ԭһֱĬԣ̾һɱ䣬㱻˼麣ŻʧǶμ䡣мֳɣᶨ˶˵ʧΪһ£ԲħţҲֻͽհˡ
벻ǰĽ̻壬ٻһá
״ҲˣȻطúϢɣĪ˼롣ὣ֮£Ժ顣
˵뿪ˣ纣¥ԥһ£ԳСʦ壬̫ʦ˵֮þȸˡ˵͸˳ȥ
̧ͷ̾Ϳտӣã֪̾
ֻ¥գ⼸֣á
̫ʦ塣纣¥׷ע⵽ɫ̫ãӲͷƤһ²⡣
£ŮͯģɱϾһڵλߵλ֮һֲŭ
纣¥ԥ׳ŵӵСʦˡ
̳֮λдСᣬʱˣͲһЩǰûע⵽£˵Ӿжûгģûа취鵽֮ͬ޴֪Щ̨
ƺλϸӶһǰæûй׷ռ״ɵ
ʱСʦΪ˲š
ǡĿǰӦðѾѰ̫ʦԼԸһϣаš
纣¥˵ȻλΪףûʲôǿӲԶľģʱžԵ㲻١
δڳ̬ÿһֶ̺Ųݱ粵ǿƣҼ׷ʣֻõͷӦǡ
һ˲ֻһ̧ͷһʧȥӰЦҡҡͷСʦ츳Զǳܼ˵ǹһҲΪλϽ𿪱Ȼʦɣֺαض¡
£ΪҪġ
ɽǰ纣¥ԼϿڸϣɵһڵӵִǴȴӰֻһЩָķӡǷӡһСӵշӡѰȥյ˷ԭϵѹȸӡǾֹˣûҵء
Ƿ˼ۣϳصĽܸܵһڵһز¡Ʋڵȴʱ쳣׷˺භֻ֮ξͲö֪ˣ˰㣬纣¥󣬾ӱּ·˷ԭѰص䡣
˭֪ǵûҵأ
һ纣¥Щ£лΪҪΪлЩǿ룺ضͼıŻСʦύֱıɵһ˹֪ʲô
纣¥˼ȥѰԵɣֻ֮ܽĺϣһڴеĿģϲֳɫ
ڸ֣˵йزལϢпܾıһ䱦Ѳ˸ϵȴ˵䱦ϰֵ֮ˡ
պĽƼٰҶ۽ãҶݣҲֵλ͵˳ǳ飬ҪһЩй䱦¡ҶۣԶԷ˵Ľǿ֮ˣҲġ
һڴ˴бҲ˼Σ纣¥
ݿɿ鱨½١ԼïȫϣƶˣһΪӪҲѰᡣ
ĿǰѱʾȫЭһڣԼ뵥Ķ֣֣ͲһˣеҲǵ֮
ٲãҲƴʯ١
һڵҪһʼ¶ӡ
ǳɹʣȡһ۽ΪΣ޻ڡ
纣¥ʱ׼֮һ£ûзκ쳣
ÿѰصĵȫܰȫżˣҲΪ޵Եʡ
ɽׯиǺʱûκһڵĵ˲ˣ˼ɵҲοЩڷ纣¥֮Уÿն˵ŰݷãЩһڽõɣ纣¥ʶ̸Ҳûʲôر
纣¥ǰȥ䱦Ҫ֤ǱľԷȴΪڴ֮£Ͼ̸ֻľֻǴŲལŲˡ
Ŀǰ䱦ţʮһεļΪ˲ΪʿǰལõɡԴ֮ԱǣûвལһĴûᣬĿǰȻ䲻һ޷ȥֻܵ˸ưͿ
ׯȻŰĿտɳ֮һжƽ˾һƾʧˡ
յĳ֣һӰ޷֪һ˿С
üΣ纣¥ģɳռǲҲʳǼյΣ˽ûûܼ롣
纣¥ǰȥ֮⣬˵óΣ˾Ϊ˷ֹһУҲΪ˳ܹǽգÿݷö˳볤뷿䡣
ֻÿͣʱ䶼ԼĪյĹͻ뿪
纣¥ܾù죬ֲö˵ֱһ죬ɽҲݷãƿȥ˳ǣͻȻ̫ʦڴϽͳ𣿡
⡭纣¥Щףɿȷ綡˵ƺͽսá
ͦõģɡüܾ²ʲôʱ
һڵĵӸغ½ͷö̸ʲôɪ
̫ʦˣĿɡ纣¥˼Ƭ̣̾һ
ãƺΪĳ֣ȴеĹ
Īǵ֮£飿
Сʦ򡭡Ծ૵
ô¶֮ɫ
纣¥Ƭ̣ĩ˻ҡҡͷûʲôҶ˰ɡ
ֹ˼գ纣¥յĽƵĴ
ԭǼʱѽ궼ڷ֮ˮϼһ̨Ϊأֽ粻ʱң䱦ĵʱ෨ޣԾڷ֮ˮ½磬ֻ䱦ֲ㣬ɽׯеʿһ֮
лԵûЭɸ˻ɢ޸˼ͨִ֮ɽ̨
֮ǲæͲòᡣ
纣¥յ뼸λʦƬ̣;첿ǰ
һΪΪǰȥҪ˻
ڱԺԷ롣
ɽׯ֮ˮֱбǱ̨ڣˮʮֻһխͨϣ׽Ǵʿ֮ء
ѾúãֻʿڸעֹܳйĽ硣
纣¥ʮ˵ִʱˮѾۼ˲ˣ䱦󹤽ָʾ˷ͷȥ۵㣬ԼˮһĄ̇κȥĩǶΡ
ÿһ۵㶼һߴʯΪǣ纣¥ͣһʯǰȻƳˮһӰӹʱһʣһ˲ȴһ
ǼΪ治ʲôӣֻ˼ɾͲС
纣¥ֻǰľ󽥽ģȴ֣·ȻģĽУǱëûκѹ͸
գգۣǰһЩӳȴˮǰѩ
ʱʧˡ
ķεϣϸСı΢Ĵʹ
ģ͵ѹһΣЩԽ׹¡
ٿܣǸʵı裬㽻նס˴룬ﻹз֮ˮӰӣڲ֪еһȫȻİĵط
Ǹոյɿسһöͼ˴š
û֣֪ӺηһָͷС÷顣
һֻͨڵɽȸ˹תһȦأһźµŮָЦȰòҪҶСЩ趼ϡ
һ˵вЩײ࣬˵üԣЩô֣Ҫôϣһܰѹˡ
纣¥¶Ϊʲô˵ȦףǺŮһϯȴǶ硣
һ̣ϤɤУ˶볹ǵĺ䣬·ѪҺסˡ
˵ԾͿԣ˵ôϻʲô
ɼŮбһ⣬аżдеġ
Цºƴ硣
ɿڷ纣¥Уȴ綾š


123 
ӡ򡭡⼸, 纣¥Ǹ궼Ѱ, ֻһӿԺ, ŭ, ǰֻһƬѪɫ
꣬ϻƸɽʱ, ݵʬѻм, ֻһöȾѪ뺡
ʵ⣬ܹѪմȾϵѪʬһʧ
ĴС뺴붼͸糺, 纣¥ȥݵ˶Ѫ
纣¥Է磬ʮʱ籬, һ⡣ǡɽ, ;Сʱ࣬ټǰʩҩͬʱ纣¥ʣ֪ȻһˣͽƸɽ
ֻһ״, Ϊʦͽ, ʵΪӡ纣¥һҪճɳΪɿ֮ˣΪʦǽѣԵŻ֮һ, һ
һֱڵһ졭ɤܿƵţͳƷ·Ԩһ, УƮΧסƼ᲻ɴݵͰÿһɢű˵ɱ⡣
Ϊȴ㣡
һ䣬ֻէȻɢתķ硣
ǲǷˡһ㣬ɽȸ̬д
һ˲һᣬȴǱץ˻ȥ
ҿǷˡһԴĻˡ
һţӰһΣԷ纣¥ʧˡ
纣¥û뵽ӣʱ־ŭ벻㾹˵С󣡡
ܿ죬ԲƮƮһ䣺ʦ֣ĪˣƸɽóʲô
סڣʦ֣֡纣¥ŭ޲򣬿һ̽Էѵĵطв
ʵ⣬֪䲫ѻʯԺķòӡ
ЩƷ࣬ʵϽǲӣһסֻһ˲纣¥ͻὫȫ޻Ƶ֮ìһ
ʿɢΪɱ޴󣬵ʱɱҲʹˣ¿ӡѸٻһڵǰ
껹֪ʱ纣¥Լϵ츳ԶĥݲûַʱȡΪãݱʺԼķ
Ϊﳤ̣ܶ˴ó̷ΪΪԥȥЩ˭֪Ǳ׿вֶ˿ա
ʱʩ䣬Ҳװ״Լһˡ
ſտյܣ͵ظֳ֮С
վһ޳ô
Ƹܵеıߣ
ϵ̣ЩԽҡҡͷʵֶ׾ӡҪŪһſϰݣǽ죬Ҫó֮ܶ㿪ֻΪҲ㣬ҲΪС
纣¥һΪķáԷȴ˵ΪУΪ⣬һ˲ЦΪһ𣿡
˵һ̧֣£УȱƣֻӦˡ뵽ʵҪԸ˴£һмλڴˣҲڶҡ˿ԷȻĿġ
˶·΢ֻС֪˴Ǻ⣿
Ȼеģڴ֮ǰҾǲԼøԶ֣㿴Σ򿴵纣¥ԥֵ㵽˴ǲΪ֮վðˣһǸ˵Ǹ
κͷ纣¥һ㶼ͬͷɣһ˲һڵĲ״ٶףΪ㣬ҪɱҪı㣬ģҲ롣һھûңҲ˱֮ڣɽׯӶѰҵ䣬Ҳӡ
üֹһ䡰ľӡ벻Щ֮ˮʿѱҮɢ纣¥ֻ֮һˡҮбЩ˲ڳ⣬ֻɽׯе˵õϢһʱҲѰ
Щöѿֻ࣬ӵˣ˵ǰͷ˵Ͳ㣬㣬͵Ϯ밵ˣҺôܵ𡣡
˵꣬𼸾ȥĽƣƿǰĲ⣬ߵ˷纣¥ǰ̯֣ʾԼûе⡣
纣¥Ż£͵Ϯ㡱֣ϵʱһһЩһȣȴ˵ú纣¥Ǳ֮Ƶġ
ԼԶս֣ɱ⣬ŶԷԼľ룬಻ס̻ӳͻȻע⵽ǺŮɵɽȸˣһãɽȸ뿪бΣ嶯£˵˼ơ
ˣֻסָڣֹסеĳ嶯ͬʱ̽ܣͼѰɽȸĲ֮
ϾֹƣȴƵһ͵ЦȻúŪ
纣¥ȻᣬʱһԲϾͳֻǱͷ嶯һ侲Ӵ֣޶ʧⲻ˶롣
͵Ц̲ס̾һԣǾԲ˷ʱģҪ˵纣¥Ǹˡ
ֻҪŪ嵱£һһڵʣŻᰴסӣܷ纣¥˵ʲôʲôŭ
纣¥֮ǰ侲࣬Ҳ˷ʱ䣬żɽ͵Ҽ㣬¡
ʲô£纣¥ͬʱ˼ܵĴԼӦ֮ߡ
һ̽ʳָ˻ΣԼӲɱģལҶߵģɽҲƻģ
δü˵ȥͱ纣¥ϣסڣĪΪ֪ӣ׾ӵЦ
ŭ򣬼Ҫҧأʵر᲻ܲƴһ
ۿɱˣ򲻶ɫʵ
ʱҲƸɽؼ
ǵʱƸɽˣ˭ۼ𣿡
̫ʦСʦ嶼شԲѣ㻹ʣ纣¥ָϣŶԷĲ̡
Ǿû˿ˡ ȷ纣¥ļһֱάһ侲ֲͱ˵Ŀûۿȴһڶ϶ΪҪ˵᲻Щ
㻹˭纣¥ᣬȳˣƻϼལΪԽɱʦ㣬˭ɥĲ񣡡
һ嶥Ĳ״ʼ䣬нֳѪ˿ԣ䣬ŷ
ۣңҪٶʧȥǣæüһ
⧲£纣¥ʶͻɱ֣ɺܿ;ü֮±˲ʱͨˣ麣ӿ˳Ҳƽ
侲ЩüͷҿɲִıһԡֵûҵȷʦǺء
㻹Ʊ磡纣¥ԼĪΪĹϵ֪ĿѲ֮ǰǰڡ
üвͺͺһǺܿһѹ·꣬ŷ纣¥۾ĵǴǣҲƻϼȡ˲ལֻûɱˣҲûжὣལԭԺɤЩûô
纣¥ϸֳã֮ɫһʱûзӦеġ˭Ƭ̺૵㡭˵Сʦ壿
ֻλϲŻ˳ƺ룬ûб롣
ȴǵػų롣
㡢Сʦ塭Ϊʲô纣¥ͷЩңס
ΪʲôἰʱᡪѵǴĻ룬˵ñ˶ôһȦͼó롣
ҡҡͷȥʵǱԩģΪٶһԲƱһ䣬ΪϴѸϵˣ
Ϊ֪˵ˣҲû˻ţ㿴㲻ͲôԭνģֻҪһҵĽ;͹ˣû뵽㲻㣬䵽ҪǱľءԳһЦһָͷл˵֪Ϊʲôʧ䣬ҲҪʲô̫ʦ̫ʦ˵ֻҪۿġ
纣¥гɻУôʣճ顣
ڼ֮󡪡
һֱùŹ֣ȴ˵ﲻԾ
СʦʧԵɣйء͸Ų⣬ǡ
䣬Ͼ͸ֳεϲɤһ࣬˼Ȧӷɿ죬·ѹֲסƵģȻҵġ
纣¥ֻ˵һ졣
뵽ӵɫʱ˵İţԼ곤Ϊλǰȥ顣
Щеһ˲𾪵ۣǡǣ
ǣͣ²ӣʲô
Сʦ壬ʲôϵ
ԲԸȥţֻĴ𰸡
ͬ㲻Ҳν΢΢һЦãѶ顣
ʲʲôʱ򡭡һڣ纣¥һΣʱ˴𰸡
Сǰһ졣
纣¥ǵöСʦ忴ǲЩ֣ҲǵΪһ仰һ̬ҪСһЩ
ЩԶ׼ļֻǵʱæڸ·ûü롣
һ˲Ȼ뵽ī㣬ʱµŭӿͷ
ŭĳܡ
ħͷǺݵ֣СʦôԺϹϵ
Сʦδ㣬Ϊ˺Ҫ˺ŭƭô˻ΪβŹСʦ壬ô껹壬һҪſϰ𣡡
˵ʲô
СʦŻᱻƭȫȻȻðΣϢСʦȥΪɣҾҲóѣ
Ϊмżţ㾹˵Ϊ
ǰһʮԶֻһͳڷ纣¥ǰһץסǰһֻϻɫ֣ʱܻһ
纣¥мһЦۣɱҰɡ
һɳȲȴûԤеʹƬ̺ۣ˵Զ֣ǽףڼơ
ԭɭһıһء
ҡ˵㡣򾯸һһٵвŻ⣬ǴݻƬ棬ҳңǲСʦ壬ûжԲһڡ
һЦֵǷӦøлΪܻ̸ʲôҲǱĻᣬһɱˡ
Ǽһ¶ɱ⡣
ǰ߲ž棬纣¥ȴһͻȻףΪʲôô˶˾½롣
Ǿ仰ûпǿÿһֶɢŽ˵ƣţ˵ġ
СʦѾ㡣ǿԼֱ򣬲Ըڿ־壬ԭίʲôģ
޹ء
Сʦ壬ӲңȻڼСʦ壬ȻӦ֪ڶԷǽѡ
ѣۣ˵ҲڴǼ¡
Ϊ֪Լƭ纣¥̫ʦ嶼˵ˣСʦȽϺãͲҪʲôˣ
áۣɤƺ͸Ȼ
纣¥ΪҪʶѶˣֻǺܿ죬Ц
ЦǶ̴ٶЦ̧ۣǳɫû˿¶ȣ˵ȽϺã
纣¥ʱܵΣգʲôˡ
𣬴Ƭ̵£һָ纣¥ڷ纣¥ΪԼζڽʱȴһɿļ÷飬вסǡǣ
ǿƲסŭһ񣬶ʱ£գۼͶ˷纣¥֮ķҲദֻȴûκ˺ۡ
㣡Ϊҿһָŷ纣¥ǰı̾ͷ׷ѣɢıƬϣɢȥĺ⣬Һʵɵȴɵˣͺʦŵаǳ裬۵㣬ԲŻô
Ѫˣ纣¥ʷȴֳ֮⣬˵ȷ˺ɱʦ˽顣
㡢һڣڿ˵Ϊáŭۺü־мҪĳɵм
ǡ
Сʦ壬ʶ磬֪ϲʲôʲô𣿡
ҡ纣¥ԼԶԣûϲ֮˵
̨֪ʲô֪ʵ˵Į˼һ˿۹𣿵ӦΪͽܣ˭˶ԴֻҪŹ㣣ܾһ߽󣬷纣¥ܿеĻ磬˶Ľʦپʢ⣬˭ĹԭʲôǲѾ֣סδΪλᱻĸ
纣¥Ҫ亹ʵģûġ
ֻ֪츳ˣǹŽţһڵĽΪĽʱ˳ֱ֣ԷһսŵۼǸʦżİ½ޣʱöԷǧ֮⣬֮ҲûҪȥ˽ࡣ
Ц𣿡ȥ֮ɫȥԳֻ
Ц纣¥ֱԼĶ䡣
Сʦ徹ȻЦ
ӡﳤһֱޱģûУǰӻһμ
ϲһЩģʱ첻˵ʲô⣬ʵϱʯͷ̣ҪȥԴʮﻨ̧Զƺ׷ѰǰӰӣЦ꼻ţÿýӦöЦЦǡ
̾һ纣¥Ŀһ˲ǲЦֻǰ֪ԼЦһڵġΪá
纣¥ֻģϰߵҡţҪ߸ϰ˳ǿϰ˳ĮҲϰ⡪ĹĹ
һݵĶʱǲ׵ġ
ǵģʱסǸݡСʦҪչˡ
ɲԸʲôָǣСʦ度麣ʧȥȥѵԼô
ûд򷴲漴ϸֳȻ֮ɫҶݣģЩҲѰڿѣǧȷûж֡
ʱΣһʹʱڽʧأ˲뿪Ƴ纣¥ϵĿ֮ɫ¶ŪЦҲʲô֪أ㻹һǸ߹ˡ
˵ʲô纣¥ɫ
㡣յķ֣ɫһ¶ɱ麣ûˡ
泤ʱͷˡ
һ˶ûУ绹麣


124 
㲻Ҫſڴƻƣ纣¥ҲͶȻ, ˵һֶš
, ſڴƻƵǲŶԡ, Ҳȥ, ŻᰲǰһǼ鿴Լ麣, 麣ˡȴ˵Ǵǰ, ұжΡ
Сʦ㡭纣¥һ
Ҫ˲鿴麣ƾԷԼڣǷǳΣյľٶ, ΪǳʱҲԣлΪ, , ˿ܶᵼ¾޴ʹࡣ֮к޽ٲſԡ
ǰЦЦȻϵˣɻҡ
ǡ
ĥò࣬纣¥һʹϵûп, Ҹ, Ƕμ䣬麣ʧǱӡˡ
ǷӡΪ, öɣһƳλö룬ӡͻ⿪, ˷ӡڣȴ벻͸ԭί
ҪնǶλ䣬ĨȥǶμø򵥣һݡΪҪ˸ӵķӡ
·ΪԺܹһ
ʱ˵Ǿ£Ҳô˵ۣͲ𣿡
ֻƬ֮ʰˡ纣¥Ÿָ£ÿķҡ
ȭǵɱ˵Ķˡ
굫˵˶Ĵɵĵط߿䣬ԪӤʿҶСȡУҲڿһ˲ͻҷˡ
Ӻͷ纣¥̸ȴǷġšܲꡣ
˳뱣֤Żᱳ˵һ⣬Ϊ֪µ˶Ըı⣬Ҳúȥ
ĲʳʹûӰ죬¶ģȴԼԼķ˽а˻ľΪľڳǰ֤Լס쳾Բ沨һð˻ľֵ֮һܾһҪǷԣΪе֮١
˭֪㲻㣬Թȥһ֪Ҳ޴˵
һ纣¥ǴӲԣһʱѣƿֻᵼ¶ԷԽԽִѰ˼Ҳûַʽ
ǴءȻ뵽ʧԭί纣¥һڹô귢ڳϵ£᲻ҲһŲ֪̽ʵ֪һΪĵط
ʲô纣¥йɻ֮ɫ
ȻҲ֪ӳԨ˽УҲ֪ҵݣűӻСͶ뿪󲻾ã¶ٶ׷һΪޣǻڵżǧУһǸصĺˣҴ̽öûвݡ
纣¥￩һǵõԼ뿪Ƹɽǰ׷Ǻ˵ݣⷬƾ졣
ֵ㵱֮Իɽ֮ǣΪʱ㳲Ѱ֮ǣݻ֮ɽ۵һйصԵʰɣȷ纣¥شһڻɽۣ֮ǡֻаǲɣȻңΪβ˳㻳һѰǵأ
ǲ˵ɷ纣¥¶ɻ֮ɫһʼ϶֮ˣûἰؾһֱ֮¡
аӱ߽һѺѰ֮ǵЩ˺ܿ伣Ժ֮ɽ˵ԨӶһڲһڽܹƸɽֲѱ˹ϷִҲӦʱĵǡ
纣¥һκ纣¥֣㲻ȻǿԣΪһ֮ΪأҪǵԶΪҪࡣһڶڱ¼꣬Щ̫ʦ̫ʦɵѵ𣿡
ҡ纣¥ڶҡʱδʽȻλľȻеġϸãһ򣬵ȷ϶η塣ز֪ɽİزŻᱻ֣ƻָ;ƲĶ֣οľĺ
˼ô͸ŹŹ֣ԼѯʳʱǿӲ̬ȣиǶҡ
زı仯ԼһڵİΣ֮мЧĳҲͬڹǲԸ㣬ΣܸиȥԵɲǡһָر̶ʱʧӻججҲˣΪʲô֪
˵ָָһʾ纣¥ˣ˵ûֺ
纣¥һۣһĨ̤ȥȻŵ֣¶ģڵʱСʦˣһֱ̫ʦˣֻһΣǰȥʦǰ
ԼʵʲôӦ˵ģҲòϣһ˻ɡ
ҲΡ
ʱӦʦúչСʦ壬ʣȴһֶ
ʱѾҡֻǹִزԸνġ
βף˽ʵ֮ǰ׸
ʱСʦ꿴Σж˼ֳأղ˽
ʱǰȥȡҩ;ɽǰʱԶԶ˳𣬳ڻʰϵһ纣¥Ϊ˴ȴȻʰ˽ǱȴڲסΡһ˲ڱϵ𵯳һöʯӣǱͱڵء
öʯûиκĽ׹ء֮󣬷纣¥ųһȥʰǰѽȻһα䡣
ԼĪߴκļȥʹҴ뿪ˣΪصҲ޷սٺǳ߳ʱǵΪͻͽֽҲϰ
Ųδۼ֤ʧ֮£û˵ϻֻǵóɫ԰ף˫ڵӿ޹⡣
ֻ֪Щ˵ҲûʲôӰ졣ȥʲô飬ԷȴܿĿ⣬ܿ죬һöƷɵС
ҪңͿԡ͸һ䵭Ȼ붪ĻҲ㡣ҵ׵֤ݱҾ֣ƾá
˵ͻ˻֣ǺܲͷƵġ
纣¥һеƣԥƬ̣봢䣬ȻͷҲ뿪ˡ
֪˶ãʧƵģһ⻺£̧ס۾
͵ɤ˰ƿҪ޳һ
һֱ֪Լ˳ģȴ֪ԼһԸΪĳ̶ȣܵʮ֮һȲ
纣¥ףȴ׵ģΪλղ˽
޽ģĽľϢϢأСһжˮ
£նֶ˽ͽȻشлǺεȾͿ־塣
Ƿݼ尾˶أ
һã䣬ۣ
֣ûһ˿ůѩأͻȻʼԼǲˡ
Ҳõġ
ɽׯѩûһͣЪɽׯڲϷȴʵգԻȴĲࡣ
Ŵ⣬һ
ǵǵڼˣԸúΪ֮ļ׼Ϣӣ˼Ʈ˱𴦡
˵䣬Ͳ뵽̨գغɽûüԭסһ
Ȼһٶʦͽ̨ϰգԷǲҲסǵĻҲʲôҲ˵
룺˿࣬ĵҵͽȥ벻ԼʲôԽ
˵Ϊ˲ལðһڣڱƵóѡ
һڱԭΣ̲סĵѵõ˲ལΪλҪңתһ룬ݣöԷ˵һͼ
ͼʲô벻ˡ
Щ˼һǲ֮
֪Լʲô˵ʧ䣬Ҳ֪һٶǺΣ֪ÿÿʱܻ͸ĸо
ӣʲô
º͵ʺУԴջߣĿڲԶϣһ˿ɣ˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷûʲô
֪˽нգСʦʼԼʿ˵ԼͶԷһͬ
⼸գ˵˵սĳǵļţԼһ£ƾԷ˵ϸûаӡ
ڽձϸ˰죬Ѱκʶĸоͺͳʱһһɵһ
ֻʶľĺһʶΨһӡݣ˵ٶǰݵѶһ˲ֳƵĳƸУܿʧˣҲûйġ
ҲãҲãûʲôз纣¥ֻһְˣغΨһɻģΪԼ֪֮Լ˺˿ⶼȻ޴档
ֱ
һ˶һ
뿪Ƹɽִ˷ԭ࣬ɳǲȫһɽͬŶʲôģ򣬲˶̶̼գͼסһйš
òЦʱ۾Ļȡʱ۵˵ĺ⣬·ֻȵɫʵĻƣ붼ǵһ
ΪʦͽȻһҪġ
ɳȴ룬Ҳʦͽȥٶ꣬Ҳٶ꣬ʱͺľһܸһ㱡ôС
տó£üˣڲ֪о⣬ƺѰʲô˵ʱҲ⡣
ΪֳͬһϲͬʱҲɱظеʧ䡣
˵ͳΪҲ˶٣һ֮¿°빦⣬Ըݷãֻ˵ʲôƺ᲻ȤЩĲɡ
ֹһιԵɣÿһΣ붼ֻ鵭Įûʲô֡
ΪԼվ˰ɣЦҡҡͷ¶ˣԺв֮£ԸΪӷǡֵǽ¾ȸˡ
δ뿪ͻȻڵһ¡
к£жʱȼȸԾ֮УɤθЩ
ûпƺ˼ԴƬ̲㡭ƺǺŬŽ仰˵ڡ
˵
̨꣬ģ˳Ѱʦ֡㡢ԼǸȵǰ⣬ûбˣ


125 
յЦһ¡
֪˳ʧ, Ҫ˵ϧǲܵ, Ͼ볤Ϊദʱ, һ뵽곤ܵ˺, ־ʵҲ
ˣҹĥˡ
İʾ, ڽʱ, ȥĴڡķӦܵĮԭΪЩȤû뵽һ, ׷ЩʡԵĲ֡
£ǿԾʵ, һ˵, ˲ɶ̸Ĵڣο̹ԣǾڸ߳Լ֮ǰ˵ѣƺ֮, ѡ
Լȴش, ֻһԼľȣװΪ״Ŷ֪Ϊλ
Ϊʲôʡ
ջĿ⣬һŻ, һ;úϤδ˵꣬ЩɻסĿ, һᵽǸ֣ǻоʲôڹ룬ȴѰκԵͣüŬǹļ£Сʦ˵ΪǰദʱϾõԵʣҾ˵ǺһƸɽģ룬ɽһ꣬ǲҲڡ
ʱɽʱͬйһӡոºȪɽսģշתƸɽһ·ӦĴڲǡ
ԭˡЦЦЩǿϱûƣӳĹҲȫƵ˳Ѱϣ˭֪뵹ҳ
볤ӰŮһ˲ֳ֮С
ӡʴӱȴЩѳҲɻ䵭ĳΪλѵͽܣݼڣĲϲ֮һֻ۱һֻۣƣֹһڳѰʱ˵ûƽʱһθܵϵ츳ʦͽ֪ʱڳ˼ʵĶ֣Ƿ˵ֻЦ󷽡
ͬǶӣóƺãҲֻýĻ֪ʦͽȻȴҲ̲סĽڵ֪ʱһȲš
֪ѪܵԳʹĴٶһֱڵţط󣬷޴󰭣ŹҰģἰ£ʼɻ󣺵굽׷ʲôó붼ֳ⡣
Ȼɫƽ˸ڳ˼ǰķӦЩƣĵҲСʦһҲԼĲǶԵģԷԸ˵Ҳ֪Ӧԣֻñտڲԡ
ֻԥһձ㷢ֳ뾹̾һ˼ѵ˱𴦣뿪ˣ˹֣ٵһǣӿֳһ˿ʡ
ôˣĿûϡ
һ۳룬شΪִڹȥ֮£ҲԸ࿴ǰ
뻺ջߣ׽Ϊλ¶ɻ˼⼸֣˺һڿǰ
Ҳ֪˹ȥ£״ʱĵ׵ĸоʲô
ǰӣҼˣҺܺã˵ѣҶΪ档Ҳ֪һڵĳˣҪɱΪһڱ𡣡̶һ˼һ߻ȴô֡
Ϊƭ㣬ΪѣŻ᲻֡ж˼ԼδĽꡣ
һҡҡͷ˶һһθĿڣ૵֮Ҳ֪Լԭǰһˡ
յһ԰
һǵģǰҺ񡭡ȥ˭˭ʲôģ˵úʱҪͣһ£Ѱǡ־䣬˵ԼҪȥһҲ֪һʲǫ̂ӦûаɣһЩϤ֪ƭңҺҪ׷ץסȴɱ
νյһ˵ô໰ǰҪϲ񣬶ȴЩ̡
еÿһ֣һˡ
ȥˣҲͰˣƫƫ˺򡣽ոеǰδеĴܣŭ޿κΡ
ע⵽ɫһ¶ɻ֮⣬ֻԼĸܣ֪Щ˿ʵЩףΪ֮ʣʵ㲻ЩȥϢȽϺá
һ㶣ϳı飬׶Էڷ̻˵ЦҡͷЦѹͷȴҲһɢˣ˰ֵлӹģʱղ磬Ҳʱȥˣݷá
ʱشһ
뽭߳ӣ棬¬Ф½ʲô˵ͷʾȥ
ԭüʿ⣬Ŀǰ֪Եɣֻ֪˶ϡͿ˱ĵط䱦ʦ⡣һʿѹ󣬷ԼھɽׯԶһ̨ϣԭΪǳҰ㣬ɵȺʲôûɻϻׯв֪¡
ǰȥλʿһϵɢ裬һǹ⣬ͬȥ˱𴦣ͣһӺɽׯ
һڽӵϢʱʿѾ½½˴룬ûκˣֻǻһЩ䲻а纣¥һӡ
˷ּ·Ѱʱ˵䱦ǰݷáƻңҲ˲ųֱԷԺ顣
ʱ㿴һź񳤰ŮӳԺС
ŮӱǽλõĽƣȳ԰һЩݣԪӤΪܹˣЩ鸡һµһ룬硣һˣ𣬼󶼲ɵһ㶡
ŹĽֶУòȴҲû뵽ģ
ĽӦǲ룬һЦҲ׸ԣڱһӵ֪䲻־Ѱǡ
ƺɶһȦԭΪ䱦ľ֮¹Ū飬һֱĽ΢ʣϢųԷŰݷ鰲ţ˹ϣиĹۡ
Σ֪Ľкμ⣿
ĽƵʿ𣬿Щ硣˶٣ע⵽شԼǰȸֶŪԷʵɼһߣϷľٶίʵ˲⡣
˵ͷԭΪǳƣɹĵӶȻȷ֡
浱ǶһЦ֮˵жԷ»ĽɫҸԸ⽫֮塣
壿
ټվǼˡĽƵĿĿתųĽϣ̶ԵռпңұΪֻҥԣ£ǲòˣֻĿǰͷǹ֣ظҡ
ĵװĽƱ㽫䱦
ʧǴ£ԼӦʲôǣҲһȥɡ
ȴȻܾͺáнպúտ롣
ĽתȥĻŲ˶٣ͷƳһ۳ͽգʲôû˵ˡ
ܿ죬Ҳһ䱦ʧ⡣
ټԺжʱֻ伸ˣ봹ۣԭվһͻۻӡ
տһĨӵԴƬ̣һ¶˾ģϳʱ䣬Ըʵ档
䣬㿴̧ͷڵиֳδɡ
ƣû°ɣûзʲô
ĽһȥҮͰʸͣΪͳ棬޷ĽһȥһˣǱ߲ĽƺĹϵʲôΣյľٶ
Щڳ³Կһڸ⾴η
ЩǰǶʡ͵ĵưɣ
ʾˣһ·ȥĽѾȴһĽһѰסϹ֣߰εû£ҳ
ŶҮ˼ЦЦȥһöƣȥʱǻ쵰񴫻ˣ˵ȥѹͨĵ²̽һһʱˡ
·Ľƴŵģ벻Զֱ˵ĻУãһƾͻյǾ仰
ʲôĽɫһ䣬ƽǷһ顣
ɤάһݵǺҮ˵һ˵ԼѾֲֻἸļᡣ
ǵ˵£ƶͻʧЧζĽ޷ϵ
ôͻȻĽƲŵضƣܿ죬¶ֽꡣ
ףǼһѵǺ𣿡ҮһͷˮԭΪǾϲأ֮ܰá
ĽƳһۣͷ۵ذסͷϣ뿪ֻǴڵº󡣡Үǲ⣬̾һ͵ǰľص˲ལӣΪһڣˣһڵ˿ľģָճ
ǡҮʶڣɲԻһѽ
ǱľȻԶལȴҲõľķʯɣΪֻʣˣһѻľܡ
̸ʱųΪ˵һʱһľ⡣
ܾ˵Ѿµйء
Ҫġ
Ľ֪мƻýĽھģϵ纣¥϶ǰȥ
ڼϣʲôĽҲ֪飬ֶΣ벻ʲô⡪ӲӲҲռϷ磬۹ƶˣһЩӼҲĶ֡
Ѿʼˣؼ֮ȴһ֮Ϊ³ͻȻĽ׼ԲߣԭΪԳִֻ綯֣޺֮ǣ뵽ڹ۳״
ֻ֮Ҹ滻ľٻ߱ɻʹ䱦Ӱ죬ʧɹ
ĽƺòײվȽţ£гǵķּңʱѪ
Үһ»񣬡һڿɲöԸҪô찡
ĽƳһԺʱ⣬סƣĬھֻϰ׹һĻѱ˳ȥ
˵ʲôҮ
Ұѽ쿴ģͳйص¸ĽƿЩģܶһЩܲͼӴס
Чʵ䷴򶼻ġ
ĽƲǸԸļһ̵ˡ
ңҲ̲ˡ
ʵԥߵú˺һӣû뿪
ڽʧһȽ׶Ĵ
Ļ˳ġ
һûܰ㣬ıƭݵһڵİ䣬Ȼֱ֣ȴҲƶЩµķ
Ӧǳݵ˻ʱɱǣǡǡǻ޷ľءƸɽµǣΪҪȥȥСӶʹСµѰشһڵĻᡣ
ûȥȴӲ˸ϵûжԳ붯ģһŰɡ
֪Щĳ룿νлֻһ˵Ŀˡ
˹ȥҲֻһ˺
ҶòˡǵģЩʲô
Ĺǲ磬Դ֪ԳΪ飬̲סһһȥ볤顣
ȻԼнɫһݣСǴȥ
˽ڴֻɢһܴ󣬿ǱɽżӦڴ˴
һıԵеɫһƳһ˿ϸϸѪ졣ͬǽۣĨѪ죬ѪֻǷǳԶѱɵѪɢ׽Ϣ
ⳡսͷڼǰʱˣѩ£ͺѱ˷ˡ
ע⵽мɫʰһȴնƬҲеѪƬϣмǻ۵Ķ
ĵһ֡
⵹˼ˡۣ۵¶Σյɫ
ʱ򣬻еһȡüͷ˼۲ȥеݡ
ûȫ꣬ıͳ


126 
һڵĵ½Ѱ, һ, ԭڰ, һգ۾ͷԼİ, ԼΪλȥЩ, ҲûӰ졣ֻǷ纣¥ٳٲӰ, һºòġ
ֹһ죬ȥԶѰʱ纣¥ɽׯ, Լģ˲һ, ķ, ƣ룬Ǿһս
ʼʲôʱԥһ£;ѩϵķûܿסϺۼ, ԸȥϢ, Ĵ㾫顣
ûб׷ʣ纣¥һ
ʵһͿԻֻΪЩ, ǧ˼ҳһţѰ˸شͷ
һ뵽ⲻǻ߿, ӽһʱȷǲ⣬Լϡһһڵӵݣ׿Թ¡㲻òϣеȷɵ㡣
ʱݼɵһܻɽӰ죬Գ˲⣬˶߷֮£ܵЩ˵Ǵһ嶥ƽȺǰȥ鿴֪ȥݵⶾ֣ȻȻ϶Ϊ
ʱɽڣ죬º߳أȣֹգа޽ʱɽźȻʧȥЧ¹º߲òɢȥΪš
ֵаһֺܿ伣紫ԺʵЩƫܶ˶Ϊڶ߲ལʱͻ˻ɽ󡣶纣¥Ϊߣ֪ȴҪһЩаûǵҾߺټ֣Ҳڶ̶վͼôˣҪֳȥƸɽµ֮ǡ
֧ɽ֮ǣȫ׼ƶģ
ʱһڶͬʱЩһɵº߶ҴߵΰõһͿʼã˵ͨ
ݵһභʱʵѾúø·ڵȴʱˡ
˵սĳǣԼ˼ɵ㡣
ˮΪΪһɽЩԭ򣬶̾ʱ˲ڰͼȡЩҲ޹أȴһڡ볤Īϵ
ᵽȥѰҳʱһ˳ܱ߷ֲʿĺۼȷһķ棬ֻʣһ⣬Ǿˡ
ǵֻǰأﶼɱȴްӦ֮ߡ
򣬶Ҷ˵Ϊ»׺ܶࡣ
˵һڵǰֻʦķԸͿˣܱңҪȥ˽ȫ
ÿϵţֻǱô򵥡
Ժʱ纣¥Ƴſˣ߳󣬿ƺ
һǰֻһ˽ݳݣδչֹ˿˵ڣΣУҲЩ
纣¥ǲԼĴǰȣʱĳ뿴ƺ˼ĵĪ̫ʦİЧˣ
ʵӦǺܺõģ򲢷ף볤չ鲻һ·ˡ纣¥ԼӦøеˣиֵȴǵϧ
ûע⵽纣¥뽭ոͻˣһţվ͵ͷһ̾Ϣ
⵹Ĳ̫һ纣¥״һ֡
һͷַ纣¥ڿεЦЦ󻺲еȻٺòˣ֪ʲô£
纣¥΢Цǰ־ͿԡţԭĽհһ飬Ƴ˳һֲۣסʵһֱСʦ𣿡
աšһЩڣܿɫ̸Щȥ£ƺ֪ұʵԸˣСѲҪ֡
ʵԸ棿纣¥ɫ΢䣬Сʦ˵£
ǡյ˵ͷƬֿ̣ڵСѼȳƺһǰЩұֱˣԽ
˵
볤ദʱղ࣬ȥʲô󲿷Ҷɽֻ̨Ǽ·£ͱǰտ˲١̾һҲǲҵĴҲΪǲԸȥ£ǻϣܶ࿼İɡ
Գǵ֪ǰڲһʼпԭɴȥǣ˾ɻܵð츳Զˣ˳룬˽ĪԵʾֹǫ͹ôЩĸ
Ϊʧ䣬֪ʦ˶һɵȻϡ
纣¥һ㶣뵽ЩʣٶӿֳΣǾնȲϣ֣µ˵ǣһῼǵģұȥȰȰ̫ʦ塣
Ҳá
֮˺˼䣬վ뿪ˡ
Ϊ类ţƳ죬Ľٲ˴㣬˺Щ˵һڵ˵ǾܶϢһ
˷ԭٲԼ纣¥˱ߵ£һ¼ûһ찲죬񣬲һ㡣
纣¥Լλʦ󣬾ɼ״Ӵͷ̽ĿǰƣȻɽһڶҪͷõĻǲɳ롣
ȻͬΪ£ޱȻһ˭󣬳붼ڲ֮ءɿǵ˵ǰ֣ǲòб֮ߡ
ıģٰɲὣʿ֣롣
ѴӦһһֵֻܼ֮󣬵ʱս޺֮ǡ
ɶ¶Բߺûգվͳ⡣
ԭյһλǰļţԳϿ鷳ֻǰȥ˭ֻ֪ǸȦסޣǰȥѰңֻϿȸѰ򶷵ĺۼ
䱦һѹϢĽƾݼͷ纣¥뿪󣬷纣¥ţԼλˡ
ԭŽ˵Щ֮£һ춼δӰصĵӴ֪Щ¡
һֱǰһ죬纣¥˲Żÿ˶üͷǽ䱸ȥʸȴַ纣¥ǲӦ˳
аһʧ֡纣¥ע⵽룬˵ͷ ̫Σˡ
ʲô£ʵ
Ϯ֮Σ¡纣¥Ƴһۣԥͼºйء
͵һйأˣ
Ŀǰ䲻ʹ£ĻڣӦΣգ䱦ڵ飬ǼѾһϣǲԸֹǲòȥˮ纣¥ûвţСҾãǳСʦģڣСʦ岻òӦսʱлɳˡ
ʱϵԷȴӦסԼǲֱڲһ⡣תһ룬ʱιԼĶУ˾ͼıЩʲôֻҲֱ׳ġԼЩܲµͼȴڻʺϱ¶Լ£ֻ˽顣
ȽϺʵĻμҲûʲôɡʵЩʧ䣬Ͼ֣ܼˣǴ¸ϵţȻҪԴΪء
Ҳֻˡ˵ͷɫǺܺãɽһٶ˳Ѱǧ顣
ʱ纣¥յ˴飬ȴǽջϢʱһϲˣȥ֮£㡣
ɫкת˵ͷͷ纣¥뿪ȴá
Ľƣڲסƣ룬糾͵ģʱսմӱԭ˵ЩҪ𵥶̸̸״뿪ˡ
صУѰ˼շ£һģ
Žյĳйʱһ˲侹Щ¡
Խ˶֣ǳĺɱ飬ոô£⣬˺
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Ǹҹƺһֱɫף纣¥ҳ룬ջǾȥμӼᣬöСġ
ע⵽أüۼǻǡ
£ʵ
纣¥ȻЦ˭£Сʦ壬ʱҰţҪ뿪
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õı̨ø󣬲УһɽׯֻׯڵķݶŲˣȡ֮Ŀı
һڵ겻ɽ˹⾰棬纣¥״洦ģɹһʵʽ΢ϼȴŲٱĳϣҲɬľ
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¬ȼλʦһͲӰЩ֣ʱ纣¥ֻ̫ʦ¡ע⵽ƺЩţ˵齣Ѱʱȴһֱڹ۲𴦣Ūý׵ʿܲͷ
ǲǳʲô£̲סһʵ㿴һֱֵֹġ
纣¥ε̾һСʦ壬ͣĿǰҲȫȷϣ̫ʦϢƳ۵׵ɻֽ͵Сʦ˼ҵĸֹ죬ݾߡ
ԭˡ˵ͷ˵е㲻
һʼͷˣǳ䱦Ŀ˾Ϊ˷ֹ˻ˮӽٺӡ
׽죬н׽˱ɢ̨ԵԭĽ£ʿá
δʿὫΪѹƵԪӤ̶ȣЩ˲ٺ֮㣬ò֣һһ
Ҫ֪ͬΪ·ֳ²ʵͬΪ͵ģ뻯ҲһҪ򵥡
ԴûʲôȤ󲿷ʱˮϵԲƷ̨ˮϣˮ治磬һЩͻὫˮ̨ϡ
ְսһһһλ֣ҲӮ˲ٳ
룬ղڣһ֣ƶʱһ浹ܽӵʮϣֳʣÿһʶǡôʽ任ķĽ˿ۻңδü˼Բߣѱסȫȥ·
Ϊ֪ԼҪ뽭ս֣࿴˼ۡ
Сʦ壬Σ纣¥ͻȻʵ
ע⵽ձ֮ݵļӮ
ӡΨһһγͷ޹Уͷ޿ɱȽѶԸϺü֮ɱشĦʵ
ʱȣֻгһѱ̣ɻЩ̲⣬ֻλѭĳ󷨣һ˲ͽȻ޹⿿һӾܳˡֻһգ۾Ͱڳ˾ɵ󷨣Ǻε˵á
˵걻ʱҲ취Ѱۡ
ĻΪƽԼҲûǶְɡ뵽
ϾĽʵѴǰˡ
ֹЩʱ˽磬չ統Լǰ㣬ֵ
ĿϣĵӦֵ˰ɣǱ硣
Զһվס
ȴ߸¬ˣǼ˲һˣҴ
һ㿴ǲ֮˵ģ
õմѩмӦǱùˣɻ˼Ѫۣɢķ˿ס˶ǵѪۣϢ΢˫۽գ·࣬Ȼ˾綾
˿㲲Ҳ֪˶ĥ˶Σɳȴϳ
ǡԻ˽С
һ¶𾪵ģ֮ˣʧʲô
Ǹˣһģһ
˴ҴߣŵϣȻԽ˺ȵ򣡽ѱǾȳ㻹Ʊ𣡡
˻һ˶ʱһƬȻЩˢسЩæ·ӡʱһҡ

һϸˡ
˷ǽյģֿԶ˫ĿڵϵˣȴôҲƲʲôͬǿҲǽա
ǲңɫǱƭˣ
˵žӽг
״纣¥һ£סСʦ壡
һ˵̽ڳǰ
һ˲̨һʱȾƬ졣δܽӻ̨׷׶׹ˮС
Եµ̨Ҳѿ
һæӦǸΪˣ㲻иע⵽״˳롣ñȽԶûüӦ˾ˮУˮ˲䣬һʹ
ʩȳɷȴʲôסƺ˲ԸǽգУӶ˼̨ߣѰˮˡ
ҪߣʱֹֻסŲ
ɾʱˮк̽һֻ֣ץסĽס
һʱͷӦþѣ˭ֵֻԶһ˲ֻˮͷ˶ˮС
ǣҵĻΣǲǺһһЦӶʱһ̱ס˫ۡ
зֹ

ˮϵɧѸԶȥܿ죬ͱų˺ĺף̧ͷֻܿģĹ
״ӲʯͼŤתֱۣǱסֱ۶ãƺЦʱܳһ⣬Ĭ׹Խϻзɳնȥ
ļ֮ʹûȥ᲻˵Լƽʱʱһɡ
侲һ㣡ҪԼһ𣡡
ȴ˿ĴСУס齣һתһݳ
ûӲǽ˳ԶЦӯӯ˲ҵġ
벻˵ֻýϷ𽹼ĺӦѾмƣѿʼѰҳ룬ò˶þͻִ˴
룬СʦǵˣҾͲѷˣ𣿡ͬˣȴû¶˿ɫЦú졣
һˣвǵġ
ܴùˣﻹҪô鷳İ취㡣Ц
㡱֣һġҡҡͷ㻹ǵãգҺ˵ʲô𣿹֮ⷺˮ
Щϧ
֮ˮ
Ѱ˼ܿ뵽˵֮ˮԴ¶ȻȱԭԸߡ
ܣֻˮ׶ڵʯԴӡɻ󣬱ͻȻһζ
谵ˮһ˲ɫʯ죬Ҫһû
ֻϯ۶ǻ⣬عæܵˣֻһǰʧˣͬʱıסӦʧȥʶ
ס룬Ȼ߶ȥ
ͨİӣڲˮ뿪֮ˮ
ˮױһӣǱˮʱʹų֮ززˡ
һ뵽ǰĻң¶ֻЦ
ʵǣգֻ轫һڵעȥ𴦾ͿԣֻǿĽƵĴź󣬲ʲôʵʲ
ɨأԸճЩͷֲΪ
ӦòƽϰɡͷƳһ۳룬¶ЩɫҲΪָ˭СʦϹš
ΪԼ˼䣬̲ס׳۾
ԥ飬ڼһ˲ΪС
Ҳߵġ
׿ڸңҪġ


127 
ģĹ͸صĺĻ, ǰһ, ƺȥ, Ьײŵ, ϸ졣
ΣĪϤ, 񲻾֮ǰ, ͬ¡
붯һ£Ժһ̣󻺻۾, ע⵽۵˲, Ųͣ
ӳ, ⿴޺壬ȴ˾ˡԼþȫܶвԷһֻ֡
ͷЩجĿǰĴ, ʶϢ, ͷ类裬һòˣʲôڷź, ͷȥϲźɫ
ɣû, ȴס磬˫űͬס᲻ֽϵһ̧ͷڵӳŮݡ
㣬Ҫڽ𣿡һװɫۣ߼Űƶְֻϥϣ˶ڳǰ˵ʱ˳ӡ
мί
ʲôԻĿǰʲôûȫͻȻôһʣã
뽭ʲô
̸𣿡ƲƲ죬ˮ㻹ôż
ȻˮʵһΪ֮Ŀߡ
۾ãȻ֮ɫԡܣԼһУٿ򣬲ĿڵЦ⣬ǷӦʲô
ԭЩʶֻͷţͷ⣬˼
ע⵽촽ڵиֳɫ
ѽˣЩϧԭóԺʱයŪһء
Щ״۵в뵵ĳ룬
ſҡԼĪΪԵʣɤʧһƽЩ
ԼΪλˣֻ漰һж
вСҡҡͷſˣýô죬Ҳ㣬ͬҲٶһ̡
룺ҸĶ֣ﻹ˵õ㡣ɻ˵ͼһѳ½
ʱƬļ¶ڳǰͷһ࣬õͻȻôסӦ治ɫӶһһƫƫԶĿ񱻴һƵĶ㵽𴦣磬ȴûзסУǱۣЩӡУͷһɶ
ϵڣǱȳԸߵºгĵ׶
ǽķӦ۵ףȴ֪Ӳ˵ˣǵ·䱾չȥָҼм㿴ﻹŽء
ίίĿ
ƳһۣԶԷʱϷӰͷȷһϸϸĺۼҼббؿڣĩ˱סж೤΢͹ɫҲطһЩǽ˵µİ̺ۡԣϸĻѷ֡
ԼģĻԺһȥ׷˼Ͷ벻ˣ벻µģɵҲԪӤΪ˵õ㣿
㱻ҵ֣Ҳ˺ۣ֮˵屻ǿ˼麣ĳ̶ȣ˺ۣķѶָܻοһˡ
Ѳ֮ǰǰңת˼򲻽˾䡰顱£½󣬵İٶǰսԪӤͺҽֹҲ˵ʱô˵ңֻ֪ʮˣȥİ̡
˳һӡལϼ֣ΪǲལԵʣԲŻ㶯Σյķ֮ҲҪǱһڵɷԨԳִźͿʼԼжϣֱۼ˲ལȷţʵǳĽ
̲סԹʯ֮ıһʩչʱʵǣǹº߳塣Ƿʯϡ٣ֻάּӣԲ򲻵ʱᶯáʱ⻤ɽۿҪݵ£żǱ˭Ͼһն顣
ӣ˼ὣ֮ӶŸĥһѩǰܡ
֪˰죬ȴԼ˽ȥ
ɫ粻һջһֿʼ֣̾ʲôԼĴ죬۲ȥǰˣһڵĳˣɱˣ߲ལһЩš
°һʲôıɣСʦ˵Ȼû˵ı
һһţкоʯѹ˴
ҪӦЩġŬȴЩħĻĿֽϵϡ
Ӧרſһķܷסȴˣ˹ǿгƣȻ˼ζЧҧָѪж
ˡ룬Ц֪ҲŻô๦ƽˣǺûӡ
ϵЦ⣬ҧҧ´ϯŭ뽫˦ϣֶ̧ˣֻܱŬԼ侲˺һӲؿڣʲô
ұһЩ£ýСġЦݵЩԳɼ㣬ȴ֣Ҳֻˡ
붢ϵ䣬ʲôһ°㣬˽࣬ſڣʡʲô¡ЩһȦȴˣΪʲôң
ҲҪ֪ΪʲôԷͬˣҲܵõ𰸡
֪üüۼЦŨЩ
һ£˵ͷ֪
䣬һЦȻֻΣȴޱϤţſˣϸֳ⡪Լ޴롣
ǿ˫ǳƽľͿ޳Ľë΢΢ëµͫԼģ
ڷӦǰǴȵĸд
ûг̫ãֻͣ˿ˡɱǴ񱻴ӡ̵ȶ˳ɢָⶼܸܵǷȡ
Ķս
Ƿôյƣ˽£ԼҪһȥһ㣬Էֱһֱ룬ÿÿҹûһͣЪ
ûЦûгŪ𱸣ֻƽߣȴԺк¡һըһж췭ظ
һ˲䣬ƿƻˮϳԼԻ͵ĵƻ£һ˫ЦӯӯӣгűҹĻֱˮĶ
ǡ
׷˼ͼЩƻȴʧˣЩģĻһֻʣ¿ͷİɫ
ҡ֮˻ЩѣɤнȾŨص
һĨʧ䣬ܿ¶ЦݣҲûϵ̧֣Ҫԥһ£֣תϳֱûϵģҲʲôһҪŪ¡
ԺѰ飬Ѱ顱Ϊ⣬ֻãǱضǣϵǳܵĴʣˣΪϤλʦ嶼ܡŻӡ󣬻ΪԼ벻͸òԭ֪Լ
ǡ顱
ʱɫԾȻѹĶʱһȥ
˵óƭģԼĻ˵¿ʹԼħš
Щ˽ⲻ˼סĽţס֣һ㽫öãħɡ
֪ʱԼѿڶǾ仰
ƭҡ
ΪﻹŹȥӰӣŻ˵ɡ벻ս֣ĵ˵ʲôҶŵġ
ɷĸǽδ򱥺εûɱˡ
·ʲôı죬һο˼ӵļ顣
Ӧһʼ˵ġӣȷڳ͸Щڳǰѷһ֣Ҫǰ׵һߡ
˵ʲôԶ׼Ļɡ
ûɱЩʦʦ㣬ֻǴǣûеལֻȡ˿ɵõȥԼüֲǾû˿ǹܡ
Ƴһ۳רעһûƻɽֻΪʱɽͷľѡԷ纣¥ʱдʱһ㶼òűӣЩģ֪ȷŷ
벻ֵа취֤ҵס
ųʲô취
һ¡򽫰˻ľ֮¸µĳ᲻ȥһһͺ޲ԱͬھȥҲֻܹһˡ
˻ľһĪͨڵľӣ
ǣǼһԸ澵ӡƲƲ죬ģѾˡ
ûһڣЦ̵Цʲô
ֻǾáЩϤЦ˵Щ϶ģǰҲЩԺԵĻܻһش𡣡
𣿡봹ۣʵ
ҡҡͷûвԡЦⲻЦΪܿɰ
һͣһ仰ʹҡҡҡͷЩʱ˵˼Ƭ̺ʵЩΪʲô֮ǰ˵
ûᵽı⡣
ǱӦɡ̾һ̫뵱Ȼˡ
һʼ˷мڽͣٺԼһڵնǸӲԸͣ˹ȥҲˡ
һڵһҪƴ˵ĻҮҲ޷纣¥һԪӤʿѹѣԷǼʮһϣû취˵ԷֻߣοԼڡ
˼ȥǳпýı⣬Ȼʧȥ˼䣬վǺǰһ
ֻŭǺҪ˵ԼΪҲûʲôݵõ֮ࡣ
ƽɵ㣺㣬˭
̸Ų˷ʱ;֪šϷ纣¥Ĳӡ
áųƽݣ򲻽϶ص˵ͷץһˣҲ㶯֣Ҳ嶯֮ԼŻ²ߡӦҲҶ֣Ҿͷſ㣬ȥ˵Ҳһֱ㡣
ʲôǺҶ֣ûЩǱһڣչҪ֮ˣӦȥ
ôǸľһ壬εҡҡͷ漴̲סЦͽɣ˭֣˭˭ɵӡһ֪Ķ㣬ҲãҲգɱңҲõȵС˵ֲһ䣺Ȼ϶ץסҵġ
룬ʵҲ⣬ãҴӦ㡣


128 
, ʧˡԵϢ, ת, һ, ϥֶһȴǱߵĽϻ
, õʱָ׸ԵȤ, 뷴㿪ʼԴͳֶ
һһ, ȻһװˮһСԼɱ
뿴òԣ̲סʵЩҪʲô
ϥ̸, ûвôءֱ׳, ˵һǶѲϾһŻ𣬻źףʼˮ
ǳɢ¶ȣĵò, ҪˮֱʩͿ, ֪ΪҪһ١
ﲻǱѩ̫ЩƳһۣƵ, ˸ϸľͷһûһ²ŪŻѡ
ΪںҲŪϸһ, ʵڽѵһľһЩûһЩ
Щֻ輸Ĺ򣬿ȴŪ鷳뿴һۣ˺֣һ˲ͱϵĴƬͮɫ
еľʱžڱҡҷ裬ԺˮľĵһϺɱտĶһ˲Ե
˵֮ǰȷЩ
ע⵽ߵĿ⣬΢΢һЦСȡһѲҶտĺУһ߼ŪŻѣһһַƽһȹ¡
ҪӺܾǰʼ˵ʦԲལնɱޣལˮھɽǰıұǲǲһ
ʱȻǰȥٵǰһҹƺһڵʱΣʱöƲҪ׿˵һ٣ʱܹ̬ˡ
̫ˣ쵽ʧȥɫʺͺȣ·ֻǺҪƵġ
ûпЩ㲻Ϲʵ£˵ˣЦ߳ѴӦһ֮䲻ᶯ֣Ǻ޹ǡ
ʱһ죬ǲһʼӲƴһдһѿ󡰽轣һġ֮˼ģοǸ½롣ҲϵľĵķӦؾɱƸɽа£֮ſʼ֮֮ʱٴϮһڣһа
Ŵˣ벻ĵ꣬Ƶа󣬵˲𡣿뵽Ըһڵģü
ʱƮɢΪһһݹȥȴƵƿĿ⣬ҡҡͷַŽϻٲȻǽ䱸̬
״ҲǿԼǲ裬ȻȥСʦӦú˵ܶ飬취ĨȥԼļͷͷ纣¥;֮ȦףʹǾң̶ȥƸɽ
ɽϵʱ⣬ûл̫ʱȥֻ䲻뽫һ飬ÿϸڶΪĻ棬ڳ롣
ֻһϾվлȥġ
ϲɫ˼ȴЩĻƮ˾ԶĹȥ
У̨֪嶥ǼСԺѱģԭǰһֱǼСסԺʲô⣬ȷЩ
˼ͺͺʯͷ⣬
ϧһûڵӣиֳЩϧ
֪˵ı֪ɽЩ
ɽǰЭİ䣬ΣĿïֱԨƵðϣΪ˾ӲϧԱΪעкˮͷԵ
ȡ˼䣬֮Ҳɱ㡣ԳЦЦʱЩ¡
ǳаͽݣŲô侲
ԼڶԷ£жʱɬĸо̲ס̧ۿҪ֤ȴֺܿƿĿ⡣
ЩǰˣҾš촽ĵ
̾һʱΪһжԼƿС
ôǶôɶ
Բ𡣡ֻرǸ⡣
Ƭ̣һĩȴֻҡҡͷأ
Щʧ񣬡̫೬Ԥϵ£һжˡ
ļƻġ
ֵ̨°ݣСϡ
۵ŵԣȴǷ롣
ԭΪڲལϣ;зǹؼ
гЩȥУȻԻң
˵ͷɫ֮ɽϣԨ˵˷۵۵Ǵ֮ĵ׷ᣬһҪġ
ȷչֳ˳˵ʣԪӤΪСؽ磬Ϊïֶġ
㾪֮٣һ츳ܹġ
ʱѾ˵ͷȡһֻΪ֤ʵԼĲ²⡣̾һǰ㣬ལȷĲ²ȥԶº߳ڼֻߣԭΪƸɽܰȫ˭֪
˵⣬Ц
ѵķһѣǰݵҩΪȴ֮
뿪Ƹɽ½٣ȥݱܷͷڴ֮ǰصظСڲû֮һѣĳİο½Ȱ۷ȴǳһ
ϵƸɽʱѱǡ
ڵģǵûнһߡкȿյĲ豭ɤв֪Ⱦ˵ƣ
ԾĻ磬ú˼Ҳߵġ
һ˲ջءһ
ҹ㣡˳һֻۣܴδ߾ˣб½Щʦʦ˷ԭҽа塣
᣿
֪أĵִͽ䱸ɢһɶ򶯹ɱĶԵ޹ؽҪˡ
û˹ңһһξҡ룬龹˷
½ٵĵ̣ʱ䶼ס˷ԭһɽϣԲŻû豭
ûʿͼҪֻ󲿷ʱǶҲ
ѹôϤ˼
緺֮ˮİӣԼˮ׵Դ֮£˶δšĿǰڵĵطҲǰ֮һ
֪ûг֮⣬뵽ԼоЩڵӣұҲûҪ°
һʼģ⣬Ҳǲɡ
;εĺۼ֮ŽСӶڣʲô̫ûӣ˵ֱ׳
ȻʧˣǵĹϵأȥͱദУֱ̫
üûжڡ
ÿν̸ɽׯĶȻǲ
ߣ˵Ǿǣ㶼ˣǻ˵ã
Ѱ˼˵ޱﵱĸо˵㲻գ˵Ҳ㲻Ͽģ԰ӣһ򲻿һ־ģŽС
νֺֺЦˡ
һ˼ʱӦԣһ߻һЩǰ£ҵġ
ԵģҲ˵˵ֻǺƾݵĿջ㽭ϵУҲʲôҪ¡
͵࣬ԼνҪСĵȣֵһᡣ
յӣ͹ʹؿ˿ڡ
սȥ֮£֮ԻôΪˡ
ۣ̾һ룺Ϊ㰡
Ŵˣ۾һϵ⵱һɨգȡ֮ڲסЦ⣺棿
˵ͷ
ʶࡣЩǡ֮ǰֵ̹ȻҪ˵һ㲻Ҳá
һ˲ţ츳˵ãϲʵ¡
ʲôεĺۼ㿪
ŶԣʱŷӦһСְҪƲһߣ˽ռϷ磬϶ʱһ˿ա
ֵĽ۸߳룬ضϵı͵شһ죬ƺʲôҵ档
Ӧϣˤ÷飬еֻ豭Ҳڵء
ţػᴩ˺ı㣬̽Сı÷飬£ҡ
һ䣬һסոץϻĳ룬һξͻӰƶһˣͬʱϵıէȻѣצӿסԭĵ棬ץķѡ
״һĶѾܿˣɾҪɻһ㣬˫צǺȡ
һߣδϻҪצ˺ѡ
ƺ
Ԩ׷ʱʲôˡ
̾Һô˼ꡣЦЦװͰ͸׼
Ǽ꣬˵ǧҲΪ
ڳ˿ľǶֽ֣꣬Ŷһ˵ȻɵͷޣΪ֮ǰࣿ
֮ǰͷޣֻźɫϢǰצһһץ棬ѺۣİɫĻΣյϢǿܸо˵ѹ
ͱ֮ǰԼĪһϵĻƱˣɫҲΪޣԭǰ죬޵ĳ졣
ʳ˲ްɡü׺ݵĿ⣬Цһ겻ɢСЩ
˵գӭͷޣͬʱҲ˹ɫܿͽ߶롣
û潻棬ÿʱصתΣܿ޵ĹɫӰɺɫϢдֹӴȣǵ׺۽ϸϸһߣȴʼղӰû
ҹĻеǳ
ս齣Ŀʱ̲ս֣ȴҲûóȻ롣
ͷ޿֮ǰ˲٣ϢƲɵ֪ĿǰԼΪ򣬼ֻŶԷļƻ
޼ס࣬ʱһȥĲ
ȻûвսȴսΪţʶ׷򣬲аи©κϸ΢
ͻȻϸֳ޴ƣɫԵһֱסͷ޵ͷ㡣
ʶǰĶȫǶڻ
֮ǰסҪʮޱס˼º󣬱㶯ãзŭХΪҵİɫϢֱӴ򴩶ϵı㣬ɵ档
ϣûʲô˾ֹ۴£һ۴ȼܳ棬ϵҲȼ˲Ϣ䣬߶Ⱦ˺ɫ߸ߴĻ⾶ֱ㶼մ
ۼɣ޺תԴӭۡҲԴſ죬һ
СģſʱʶΣգеҲֳ֮ɫ
δ䣬ЩܴݻһеĻذȥ
һʧ޿Уָֻš
޸ſ졣
һ˲ŭ쳹˰ɫĻ޿ӿ֮ǰΪңǲ赲ĺ̼ͽǰһжû


129 
˺Ϯ, , ֻܽ, ;ӼҪ, һ˲Ժкش˻, һһιӲʯ, Ҳ֮£ʲôҶ
֮Ǿҵʹü, 麣
Ҫܿ棬ȴʹһ㾢, һ, 齣ѵأҰȻȫռݡ
֪˶ãҲֻǼ̵һɲȴƶȹĺڰ, Ǳԭеġűĺ, ϸСĵƬѸٽߡ
ôˣɤϷ, صر϶еĽ
ʶӣͷסһƬůȴľѡ, һ㵹ıϣǧһ֮ʣ˻𺣡
ڱյһ飬أ϶Ⱦ˽ڣǼǲ֪ȥ򣬿һҲһֲ
ǰһ޿ӣԭıߣ޵Ĺ¾̮һƬʯֻǱ¶˷ԭĺУ˪ѩۿɼٶʯӣò˶ãֻزãİɫ̾ʯ֮ϣİ֮ǰʢһ˫ɱԽӶ׼򣬷˸ΣյĹ󣬿ٲȻŭ
ҡҡҡͷнɢȥȡ֮ȴѹֵĽ֪꣬
Щͷʹ֢ƺֲЩġ
ʲô֪
Ҳ֪˵һ飬ԾУ߬½
û£һ롣˵Ųͷһ³ĶͷȻ齣УһֱǰȽ˵
˼ͷϣֻʶľٴ롣óƺЩ䣬ôˡ
Ľë˲սֻſֻѵˮ޿㷢ļɢȥ١ǡ֣Щ֮С
ʱͷٶȷ𹥻Ϊ빹𱣻磬֮Ҵҽһ䡰СġǰղѣǴˡ
öˣûƥеģȻǽٻȴԶͨʿɫ˵á֮ƳʦĪķһĶˣһǵİҵĻõķ
ΪҪ볤뽻սپԳֱʮɹ棬˭֪ϵƫƫԻΪʳġ
ˣΪγɵĵص¯ȻҲʳ༳ȡУսДӡϹţΣʩƽȺ¯ǱֻڿԴĵεż𱬷ɶĻҡ
ǰֻϻһֱʲôطѡϴǰѻɱڶʱôࡣ
ڣֱһ٣͵±˺üɣϵĻҲޣʱңʱܱŷ⡣
֪нιٴͳȥǰпֻ࣬ںѺôֻܴѰһͼٴסﻹвӦЧ
ɽֺһ
ǵʵϢ𣬻ƻֱ˳ȥʶΪ磬ȴʱƣһЩ˶١ǻʵ򴦴ų룬϶㣬ʵʵһڳϮ˳롣
γ˼ֽ䱸Լ˿һӣ֯ϸܵǵ浲סɻûסΣźצ˺˽Ҫץš
ֱƿڴˣǻץסʹˣгϣȻܲܲ˷ЩҪʼʩҲֵĻᣬĽٻԳ׷ᣬȻһֱûб׷ϣȴҲ޷׽˦ѡ
ʱ̽뻤󣬷»ĹһҲ޷ʩչֽȥԸǰͷȻ
ƤֲĽٻҪסʵЩ񣬾˼ҪҪʱԶкظֳһɫӡǡ
һټӵźš
̲ס˸ۣøˡ
Ķ̫󣬱ѰһڵӲԷźټ˹£Ҳ߲ˡ
ϳеǰ취ȫˣЩһڵӸϹһ붼ҪΪĿǻǻΪͽҲԱ˾ֻˡ
ҲźţһͲԸ뿪ʱֻԼȫͷ׼Ұޡ
ˣһʱ벻öԲߣڱ꣬͵һϵǿƵı۾ĶһҲԶ̯ӵİ취
ʺ£ӦһҡʱͻȻҲá
ֵ֪ķ˿̲ãڱ׷ʱĻÿÿ³ʱĻƻ򾱲׻ſ¶ʺɫġƵ塣
һųܿǻĳײһϸϸ۲ſڼϢ¹Ȼ¶˿˿ɫǵԵ°ٵ̣Ƶҹȥ
Ȼܼ˺ȴ󣬴ڻϼֱ޹ʹһҪײ¼׷϶еѪɫʱ͵ڿɣǿδҲȻֹ
ֻͷܱܹȴϧжϹûҪð
𴽽ǣż˲ѩмҵѩɺסǵΡ󣬳ʣע⣬ܻ𣿡
˵ͷܡţֻһ߷϶ֻǾ֮͡
޷ע⣿ϸ˼һɺסеĳ
ԭڽϸЦˡ˵վϢʧС
һ˲˺ŨŭһǰһĨӰȥ
һ򣬲ɵһƳ޲һİɫӰʱסһ
һźһģһȻǽ˵Żȥ
ܿ죬

ڼʱԷٰĽգǿκ©ʿοվֻ࣬Ȼƭ
ɿԼվЩ֣룺ԭô
˱ڱģŭЦǲԣҲһɲģ˷ԭһ£֪ٴɫ
ҲЩʱĿƵϣȥϢȴʱ
ӦǸʩ˻ûķͷȻƳۣȴûзֻͬ׷ǰİˣ缲籩꣬ްͣЪ
ò˼ӣһڵ˴žִܵܿҪ鷳һҪǵ֮ǰֻزչ¶ţһ๥һǣ롣ľ̫Զ
©ƫҹ꣬Ѳ֪ǵڼΰԳԼıӦ
ܿ죬ڻһſ죬潫δ֮ʣ򥲿ó룬һᣬ˱ܣֱֱ
ȥƵģֻ𣬽ССİӰûͬʱػƳգֻһ˲ĻȻȥŽϤû򥣬棬ȴʮɣ͸ͷ­Ժ󾱴̳
һк˿齣û봦ʳűһҵı˻缸ڣȴֻ³϶Ļ𻨣צҴһ󣬱źȻء
һЦӻдһһĶʱᵽɤֻۣӶ渲ǣֻóģ
ôˣ
䣬ȴ϶ȥ¶ƤûаյĺۼЦЦʾԼû£Ȼָԭģ
ĵԭεġ
λΪ𸴶Ρ
ʱµӡڿи֣ǰһȿ˲٣Ƭִ̾ܵ˴
һСɽһڵϡѰϢĻֿ򣬳Ƭ̱һȥһ˵תСʦ壬˻ľǲ˵ܻףƸɽһԱ֪
ЦֻΣ뿴ǲͬЦ
Сʦֻɱҡ
֮ҴɣӦύõ顣ֵ
̾һһڵ˶һֺαҪ°
⿴纣¥ı֣ϵһ˼Ρ
Сʦύõ飬ŹӦˡ¶ִɫʶ֣֣㻺ɿ˵ģΪʲôһȥ
ô򵥾ͺˣų벻͸¶ļ꣬ӵ
ǻϲϧۡ
óģǼ򵥵ܹѭһڵĹȴף˶ģҪʱ޸ġ
ʱܾԼڳбøţҡҡͷҲðաһڼķɤһ˲˼ϷʺͳŪ׿ٶ£һɱҡ
аޣǶԶ½룬Ĵھ
ݵԼɽĳǴΣʿУ͸ɱˣ˵һ䣺ԭ
㵱ȷ˻һ𣿾Ӧأһ˵ִҿܾͻڶ졣
ͼȴͲ˽ˣǵӶûȫ¡
ǡӦ૵Ҫһȥ
лۣûʶԼüͷɤӲ顣
ȡһö뺣Ҫδ˵ĻУǰһҪֹ
ɡδڣȻϸֳ֮ɫ
˫Цӯӯӵɵôģд˻޴롣
һ˲ĵͺ͵תеӳͷ­Ρ
ţޱ޼ʵİǵӿƺصĻɲڱҰ
ʯ䣬úؿĵ˵ϣ޴ĳϣѹڶϯҪһжķѡ
򽫳뻤£дʣһһνסҵʯͱڰƶ½һ飬ÿһ㣬ҪѸྫȥһ㡣
ǻ俴ûϢȴδ͸һɢ֮ʣ֪ԼڽӣҪͬھ
һ˲ĳʿԪ١
Ҳʱɫڽɢȥɵĵطֻʣϡĺ
겻ɢ첲ȥɲһ;ǰһƬڣͿȳһѪؿڵȾ졣
ˣ
УӱУȴģԼԶ
ŬҪԼվ󾪾Ӷʧȥ֪ȴͷȥһ۶첻ֿȳһѪģҰУɫڿһζ
һھҪˡ
ҪץסʲôҲǳ֣ǱģҪվ
һС
Ӧҩһָ
ǰԽԽתУȻ뾪ʧۿģҪ޳ˡ
ҪѹҪѹ
죬ȴžʧȥʶ


130 
ҹľɽӦһƬ, ɽҹ, ɽµȴЩ궯, һЩϸ, شһ
ʲô⣿ŮױޣӸ, ֳһɫǹ, ǰɫǳɫɢŲŭ
ǰ½١
ǣЩ⡣½ٵЩ, ŵĵطһ󣬽ȥ˱𴦡
һǰ, ÿʮ, ԨͻҪһҪɽѲµν֮¶;ɽйءˮڴ˷֮ڴ˳֣Ҳ, һֱû, ֱǰΪ˼ҮھɽයһӣûκθΪʿϢž, ǰһ̽Щĳ𶼲ɡ
䣬˳ƽ¸
, 㿪ʼĴ̽ԨӼӵټȴٳûз֡
֮ɽûаӰЩʿͺĨȥ˺ۼﶼѰ˿
ԨȻ־ڷһȥ֮˶þ֮ٴγֵʱǾ˾ɽ
˭֪Ԩټû֣Ƿ½ٱһ
ҪЦһֻݺﶼ͸ŹŹ֣Ҳûʲôˣֻ뾡ŪһУðĹӡ
Ƴ۲Զۼʵ֪𱻰ȥ𣿡ֵҲףΪʲôӦṩΪ򱨳𡣡
ýָͷ붼֪ºԨѲ˸ϵҲģ½ȴŮнʵ벻ͨ
ûҪ½ٵοԨҪģһֱģһ𣬺ҳݡ
ǡֹĩֻ̾һ
½ֵҡſտյĵ棬ЦҪȥ˷ԭҲһ
ȥ˷ԭ¶֮ɫΪʲôӦھɽô
л𡣡½ɤƺ˼ֺ⣬أûкһ𣿡
;·һߵӣˡἰï֣ӹһĨ⣬ȥʱɽׯ档
á½ٵ˵ͷһ˲ʧˡ
Ҳ̫죬ûСֹһ̾һ֪͸Ǽһһȥ˷ԭˡ
Ц֪һڣȴԨִһߣºڵԼһιԨЩ߹
˵̫Գڲסɫ
һ뵽һ˺ԨһﴦͬһƬطͲ
ϣڸȥ̫Ǽһٶ࣬ҲѵеùԷ˶ڣοиΪԨ
˷ԭڻи޲ýƤǵһڡ
ֱ˶ӡ
ʹѵģ·𱻴Ƶģֻ΢һ£;ÿؽڶʲôݺʹ۷裬Ϣ϶ģÿһ·нĴʹ
СǻоѪζؿƵ÷ţ̲סһſԣ΢΢𣬸ҵʹǵҪƬһƵʹ
̱סˡ
ҪԾִٵĶС
ָָιӲĵ棬جʶʲô治壬ҲģģģֻܿõƬİɫʹľֵӱܣҪҪ꣬ͼȴ޼պڷ˺ݣҲʹ̧ͷһҧȥ
ǱȻûϵ̷һ̴ٵĵͺֻȴûŲ
ǿʵҲʹ϶ǱеѪĭǺһ£ڿȳһڶķεѪ󣬱Ŀ룬һЩ
󣬽߶ϳ΢üġ
ҡġŬ⼸֣Լʲôˣ˵һֶҪʹһӦͦصġ
ûлشǽһҩݵߣƳڴĳݺۣź֪ӦԭոնҪǳ롣
ҩѵֵ´ӦһڵҩȴҡҡͷڡҴһС«ơô󡭡
ûþȡһС«ҺҡΣһ򿪣ŨľƮܵг򣬼ſڣὫι
ںҡҡͷʾ⹻ˣ۳һٶۣ
һաãѩԭԼƮĴƬѩ˵ڱԭϣʲôһڵҡ
á̾
Ȼ°ûʲô֪ÿһ¶ʹѣǾѾǷǳľˣٻԼƿС
ֻǻûüȥ̽ͿɫƸڼͬʱ˻һҵĺ˹
СʦãСʦã
Сʦ壡
Сʦ壡ģ
ЩڲԶ򼸺ϢĶݼʱһĵǰؿôƳһ۴ʱĵطٿ룬ʱ׹ʲô
ɼʯխѨУӦǷźͻʱģֻа˸ߣ뵥ϥڣǰǶ˼öʯһ򵥵йȥ
ʧȥʶʱһںܿĵطǳæѰطԷ˷
֮ǰҪһȥأû뵽ôͿˡ뵽֮ǰ볤ִ̲סһЦ˳
ס죬˶ţʱȥ鿴һڵӵ¶Դͻᾪǣ˵ҲСġ
⻹ǳһ¶ģǵһŷѧõѧÿһҪŵһ
ۣǳеЦһ˿΢΢ſ죬̽һ³ġ
㣡񱻻һ͵֣ϷһƬ糺죬촽һۡ
ӵĳ룬Ҳδģһ㶣űļ类ëģҪȥǳ۾Լ˫ޱ¶촽ڻԵӲ
Сʦ壬Сʦ壡𣡡
ĺƮǲǼʯʱһ䣺ˣ
óʱ򲻳֣óʱӬһ϶ϲߣЩŵӴΪӦˡ
ԹԹҲ֪˵صȷǷµĳ
빴˹֣취뿪һСʦˣͲˡ
˽⣬ûúѧļˣǰĿȾѧļҲˣԲַ׾ӣŪһ²óĵΪӻԣ纣¥˵𡢽ˡ
ŲʱпɣһͷͺҪһ̲סһʵôҲ˼֡
С¡뵢ʱ䣬ǿʹҡҡͷųļԴһһɨӣָԶһʯиӣȥ桭Ȼ֮ǰǸˣûӰ졣˼Ȼȡ:ȥ֮ǰ˵ע⡣
ԪӤӲΪ壬ܾڲԶֱһ𿴵ͺ˦ѣڲǷߡ
ʲôЩԥѾ֪Źˣ뻹Ҫȥ˺ͬš
װŪõģģ˲ˡܵ㾪ţû˵
һڸûҪսپ֮ززˡǼǳúܣƱҪʲôڶǡ
뵽Щ˼˲ˡͷģߵԶЩһ֣˳ȥ
һ֣ͻñɼͷСɽһޣɺ۾һȥʱʱʱѪ⣬ҽС˺ҧܿͽ֯һ𡣱һڵӵʱҲ˼޳Լ;ʧ뿪ʼȣԭıԭʱҡ
ЩӶֻԪӤΪ֪ģȴǼٵģѪɡʹȫֻǻһæҳȴ˸գɫ֣Ϊʲôǰδޡ
״̲סЦֻЦ˼ʹá˻һƳһۣ
á
򡰺ߡһʹֻܿЩˡ
òֱ׳ûʡ
̾һ˵ʲôһ뻻ԼĻһ취ûУ㲻ٶԡƬ̣ǻȷˣѰʱ˳ȥ
谵УһӰӹգû˾ʯ󣬱סһڵһ
ºָ˼򣬳ڽϵıƣ󣬴һѷ죬һֲïĺϡ
ûһѩʯϵŴ׳ݵϳ˲ٻȻһͬʱҲвľıѨûмƬɫǵġ
ˮɢǶǺģԼ͸Щ⣬붼ҪǲѾɽϡ
Ϳˡ֣Ӧ׷
;ĵطҪߵ·ڶΣЩضصܿȷҵ
򣬼ڵϻÿһ¶ޱȣû¾Ҳһ亹ô𣿡
ЩżڹСͨҽ¼žȼҩ˼ͷδͬƤӵϡԼĸΪأЩ
˰֣ȡöǶϵķУ˸ŵɫ⣬Ӧá
͵ĹâסͬʱɫƮϢӦ˹ƳڵĵӦûʡ
ûüģֻñǼöƾһˡ³һѪǰȥ
æסô¡һ˵꣬ƳԼ΢΢һ
ⲻСһῪڣҪһˡ
֪ΪΣƺЦ
ӦǴɣ˵ôأﻹЦžͼ򻺻תԼ
Ҳ˵ԵʣǱӰ䵥
ĲĦ𣬳뿴̧̧֣ŵƮƮ䵽ϣ˫ֱһʧϾ˳ֱ¡
ۣڵԳ𾪺΢СĻҡ
սȾϽ۵Ĳ£ƵļΣԳļԼխխеα¶С


131 
㡢㡭ʶֹ, ĿȴŻµĲ, ڴֿɼ˿ڵϻ¡
Ʊ˭һѻ, žľϱ
ɴ, ͫ͵ǰ޴뵴Ȼ޴, һӱ߬
ֻԼĪĵط, һĴСİͻأغڰļϡ滹ɢɫϸС·ԱԵûƤ
ô£, ̧Ҫȴ;ֹס, »Ầء
ӦáǻļǡƬɡ, ǳ·ͺľÿ˵־Ҫһ㡢ҡȡ
Ȼһʱſ磬վһ㣬Ӳ˻ǰı, ൱ںޱӵס˻ȫ, ƬǶ˼ǵƬѺ°û֪ԭ
ǼöƱƳڴֻƬڵƬȴû, ǰȻֻĴСʵʴ̵üǴҪѨ, 򵥵Ķǣ°ǺƱضƵģһòϡ
ֶ̧ԼγҲʩֻڳ롣
Ҫôȡ뿴˿ǿ鰵ߣΪҽ֪ǴģƤë㲻ϣӹȡƬʲôĸδš
ţвΪʧΪˡ
Ľţܼ򵥵ġҪ¡˵Ƭ̣һ˵ҴӦذף㽫ƤӦþܿƬˡУǸ«šұϡطԼԴ˭˴ƫƫΪࡢǣһȫڣ֪ڼθпǵù͸
ѰǺ«ʱѰһ飬ԺܿѰ˵ذף죬кָ೤ź⣬Ƿ
סذףǺһĺ«ƷԹĵطһֻסԷĲڰϲȴٳ²ȥ֣ú̲סʵʲôҪע𣿡
Ժصһ㣬°뱲ӻܲܡ·Ϳˡ
ԳһĨɢİɫҶˡ
⣬Ϊη壬ѩͬʧ޲·綼η壬ɿѪǰԼвܻԷɥʧж㲻޲öǰذӵԶԶġ
ǡЦᣬȷЦƭġ
طӦԷڳ·ǰɤвӵЦⲢԼ
ʱˣôЦԶ׼Թ
˫ڵ͸ĮȻԹ޶ԣļѽڣճɡ
Ȼûôأǵĵ㡣򻺻ЦЦҿɲ롭벡ꡭ
ҡս˵кһ˿ᶨĵΪ˱ҲŻ˳ҪԲ꣬չˣɫһḺġ
ۣ֪䣬˵ǣûɱݵˣûƻɽûкһЩš
һû˵ǳȴֳɫ
ʵûиʵ飬ֻǲ˳ĽţԹⶺýһЩԼ׻ʲô
ȻȡƬӰв˫ֻģصĻܾ֮ˡ
ȴû뵽Լһ伸꣬ỻ֣صĳŵ
̾ôɵ
˶Įǧ֮⣬һڵĵӶ⣬ȴ֪һֱġ
һԼӲˣս˫ȭԽʣ
ҿʼˡϸ˴һѵӦһ㲻ԥʹоûƤ⡣
ʧ츳̳صĽ£ţЩ˵Ѵ֮
ǿĥƬգۼͱ¶ڳǰȻԤ֮УǲɱþĿһʹֻİɫûǽ֮䣬ӦǻļǣѽȾѪɫͬʱ˳Ѫ𴦡
˶񣬻𵱳ԼʱΣһָ⻺ƶֱָסƬǣȻˣûʩ԰ǽӴѡ
˵ʱʱ죬ֻһƺߣɫѪҺӿմ˳ϣѾƽָǿƬֻܼ򵥵ľٶɺȴѷ⣬ǳһ亹
ǻͷǵļˣ೤ţΪѷʿǷСȥһƳ֮ʱһƬ
ֻȻһԣͷ΢΢Īʹ࣬˴İɫѸɢ
ôʵ˵Ҳ̽ȥ鿴״ȻûԷͱسֵĻ浯Ǻ«һ
ǵĻѸٱΪ˸ߵĻǽ˶뱻裬޷֣޷ӣֻõڻƮģӰ
Уаɫ汻߲סһմ
ע⵽㣬ʶЩӦŽҵģһ֣߬һ߽ŻȻԼҲ֪ЩʲôɻǹִزԸ©κϸڡ
գĿתעţʲôȥ룬ʲôȥᡣڣ⽥ɢȥӰٶӳʱŴۣ³ǿõ
ԱһԲֻϢʱǰ΢µİɢӰ٣ƤҲָһк۶û£źһһƽȣӦ޴󰭡
ϸϸȷѰȻº󣬺ȻʶԼֱŶԷһ˿ҵĺ󱳣Щ˼ƿ
һ
֮࣬ƺʵһЩγƤָԭ󣬿Щ浹ơʱ󲿷ʱڽľԶ㲻ǿ׳෴ЩɫǾòֲ԰ס
γʱŶԷʱĵĸд
ȻϸȷԼҪøʵ·ʱܱ˵ţ߲ԾƮ˹ȥ޳ĲԼιϡ
ȥϵڣӵÿһƾ˾ĴĥҲû˿׸أȴҰǶһֻһ֣ǡô
ÿ𣿡ЦɤȻУβڹ
ʱҲƵջĿ⣬ӺһռݣһӽӲ˶䣬˵
תֳ˳ǿڱϣЦζ
ȻڱĿϢȴǰڻʱзգ罫ľٶһ
ȻҮǰ㾪òҲһһĳڣһԸʧ񣬲⡣ԭͿжȴŲǳڿʵҲڽζ۲쳤ķӦֱ˲ų
뱻Լһ仰Ͷͨ죬Ǹǰ಻סһתͼ
ǰҲû޼ɵؿӣʧ˼䣬ǷңһҲҶ࿴ѳζǿʼѰһ˲ȴһأƵ¶Ȳ
ϡ
㡢㡭ʶܿȴס˲ӣȵܵ˴ȶȣӴһ˲;ԼҪˡ
ֻ͹ˣѹ͵ɤڶԸߵϢڶϣָУʶƫͷ㣬ͬʱæҵҪƿԷ
һ̧֣ľ͵Ϲ⻬ϸƤ
еҪһЩ¶ҲһЩʶԼʲô͵֣˼ִռ˺ߣȴϾֱ棬ֻʧңϻҵĽġ
ĩֻܽӲؽ˫۲£࣬߶ҪҪ׽Ūˡ
һ治̾Ϣ
е˿Щ
Ľë˲ɷϣһͬʱͷӹһ˿ϧʧ䡣
ûüǹ˵¶ٶȲ
촽ס벻ǰǱǽȻͬʱֻǳǳһ㣬˿˲ϯһƬǻеϢݿܵİԵռ
ֱۣ۵׵յ˫ۣ΢üʾȺרע
򡭡麣Լĵૣǵءһже档һ֫ٺģѬ˵⡣
ֻ˼άŲóֻܱʹţȥӭǸǡɨ´ʱδӦζʲô΢΢ſ죬ƾԷ롣
ܼսĽ䶼ϸϸº౻𣬱̽ذÿһᣬֱ飬һжڻ
ǣǷʲô
ִ̧ͼƾֲ֪ܵ϶ԷƽŹ⻬ȵƤҪ䱧
ܵ鲻ԽۣӹһĨϲԼĳָΪɫԭųԵת뷢˿䣬ĴָԵ͵¶ȣͣһȦһȦĦǴһù
ᴭ૽֯һ𣬹ճľĶһ죬ɽںϣܴڽеľƽҲˡ
ڳѧӣ׾ġĴʱȴ롣
ͳ˿գ뻺ۣڵ͸ãȻͲ⣬
͵ЦһٶȸȥԸΪе̬
ųֻƣ򥣬סĿڣܹ֪ＱٵԾ
ǱһжΪȳϡ
֣ݴǰҪȻ޹⡣


132 
, Ѩ¡
ϸӡ˲, ¿ҧ覴õƤ, ڲ԰ϳɴɫ, סƤѪܡ
ֻ붺һ³롣Էһһէģʵ̫ɰ, ЩʲôֱԲĶӡ
˭֪ͷ, ȴԼʧ˿ء
˫нˮŴ³޴ૣǷӦ֮ǰ, һж
ʲôƣʲô, ͳͳԺ, ֪˿̲Ǻʵʱȴ̲סһһȥġЩõų뽫ˮףһǱ˴ˡ
ǰͽȻ󣬳뱻Ƶɵڲݵ, Խ, һ£һ𣬿ܲɷ֡
ѩ׵Ե, ŵµĶһ߼¶Ϯ, ͱЩдȶɢ
ͷ­Ϣ٣ϸĵ۵ˮ֯ƣްֻһƬ
ȻһʹȴǱҧһڡ
Щݣ̫ͻȻɵ÷ʹĵͺһ޻Ц
֪ȥǽָϷ˴붴Ŭƽźòŵôҧˡ
⡣ſϣֹǵѸϵĳݺۣݺ۳ʧ볤뻳Уһʱ滳ɣǲǸ˹ơ
¹ƣ͸Щһ˼¹Ƶĺ壬һʶ̧֣ḧķ˿ĩҡҡͷûС
ʵһֱץȥðýʾ֭ȥôӦˣҲôעһСľͿɱ䡣ЦЦƽɤȥʲôһڣҲȥˡӣͰֽţһӶӲԶС
üϵĶҲסһŻҲ֮ʵô𣿡
ʳٳûеõӦ֪˶ãٶȴ̾Ϣţһʹֱҧˣͬĵط֮ǰҪ
ųѪˣ룬ǲ̫ΪʲôҪҧֻԼܼ޼ƿʩķ꣬˸󣬻̧֣ԥһ£·ϣȻ̽Ƶģ£˫ۣ׾رס޼ɵѹ
ֻ򵥵Ķ˵¶ȣһӾƽࡣ
ûɱʦ֣ûƻɽûСңʵ
ûУûУûС૵ЩʱУô˵һƢûУӶ˵㻤̣ȴЦúŪ
أ
ûԸұ⣬ȴԸ⡣̧ͷգգۣһֻ˿ӦǱҵĻƭҵĵֹǺúŪֱ޴
أ뿴ڵһרע˿˿Ӱ졣
̽ȥ۾Ȼ֧ԴɵߣַĿڣֹסЦ⣬ȻϲýЩˣǵԴԼһЩģװζ㲻ϡ
򴽣һ˲ӹ֮̿⣬תһ룬еġЩˡһˣɫô˵ȴֻΪȻһߡ
ЩΣȴûйִȥԷĿڴµһϣĴҲͬڰգ޴ʴӡ
Ҳ֪ģǲӦֲ࣬ԼˡѰǡִʣСʦ塢ǣ˵࣬У˵Ҳ㿿
ǺЦҾһٴΣһǧΣңԻԶԶɡ
ûĳ̾һȴϣ˵һǰżʱΣʱңֶҺܺãҵѣһȥʱѵ˼ס
֪ҡͬʱֺܡһЩʱȷݴͣϸϸ˼һż˵ȥӦѹѹһʯģôҲץס㣬ӽһ뵽Ҫɱ㣬ЩЩ¡
򾲾ţʱḧֱۣڸ
֪ΪʲôȴôҲ벻סľֳܾ︡į֮ɫͣҾһһСʦǵĿҲӦŵġŤͷһۣһ£ֵ㡭˵ǰΪҲȷǿ֮ˡ
ײбŰаޣаļ֮һϣҪ˵³˵Ļôţ
ǡջĿ⣬ɤȻ˼ȻȴҪţҪ˵Ķġ
Ϊδ¡
ͬ͵͵ߣΪĵ֮ǰİܣûа㿹ܣܸһЩ
ҪֹͣҪҪѹ
ͣ£»٣˽סԷ⣬ͷ
͸űǳɫз۵ȻסĲϷƵĵġҲʧȥ㣬Բƭ㣬˺㣬˺ںһڣ֪ĵߣͬҲҵġųֵסԼĿڣģаԣȡߡ
ʾᡰšһкֳһͷˡ
һе
ţʱеһظʱüڳչ󴽽΢ǰ㽫̰ػ϶Է
ϲá
˲ûȬȻγṆָֻ̀ԭ߳ɹжЩȥӳŻĽЩصˣֻĳɹǴҡ
ų̸ֽ˼㲽ˮУʼ˹ˮмȡ顣
Ǻײػͨ¶֮һʿ˵ȴǲ˳Ҳһʼָǰ˴ԭ
ڵʹɽׯͬԼĿǰһкá
Ѷȫޣһڵӿ϶һֱѰȥԭϷ䣬˵ֻǿޣѰȥܻΣա
⻹ģûй飬ȫ󲿷˹ϵԶٻʶǵĴڡһڵάǳ֮ʣû̫ϵ
뵽˺޲ýǧУȴעǵİΣĺ࣬ж֮࣬һ˵˺üΡлл
ȴǲΪȻһǳʲôӣȫҪͷϡ
ԴˣֻεҡҡͷƢҪһںɫǲܵ£ǿȲҲע⡰֮࣬Ҳ˵ʲôϸϸдԼûˣû֮ǣûбҲûбǿʲôֻùЩʱղܻȥ
󻹸һ֮µı⡣
Ͳ𣿡˹Ϻ˵Щһͬˣ̲סʼֻЦ
뵱𣿡Ϻܿ측ֳ֮ɫ
״϶Ҳǿ̫٬û˵ͱһֻۣһ߰пʹɫԽԽȻˣһɫЩ˵ȽϺãȻܿܲȻŭ˳ʹҹʼʩαвдģ侲ӦûЩǡ
֮ö纣¥̸ƣЦҲ˵ˣҪһӣҪ̫ģǵöల̫ʦ塣
纣¥£Ѿ֪˵Էġ
֮գ󲿷ʱںˣʱԼļźһЩƶϸ߳롣
˵˷ԭϵѹȣԼǰڱԭֵĶۼ붼һһμġ
ûãܹĶ˵òˣȴٳٲתá
ĺˮȻʺˣҲǱ֮΢ʺһЩѣ񣬺еĻֻǾţһëԾնˮʮһζָֻ˳ɣɫ
һ˹ϣ볤뽻֣ȻܿͰڶԷ£ֻҡͷЦ
δʹȫֻܿΪǿţ֪ηסĽƣȴϣδʱ޷Ӧ״Թ׽⣬ֻһʹϾ
£ڲסǣЩҩã
󲿷ʱʿֻ㹻͹ˣҩһѣҲɹ麣Ϊλᶼá
ҡҡͷûֻƲ˼Ѫ֮ʣǻַһޣϹޣЩҩɲ̫óֻܵԼָ
û취𣿡ʵĿǰδѰ˵زǳ֮ߡ
˵˽֮ʱ֪ǶֵĽһһභµģ²˻˭ʵǿᣬһڴֹۡҲڴ˵һ£ȴܶꡣ
뿪İȫòϣҲ˵һˣɽׯôʿҪĴڣûаԼһ˾ܻȫ
ȻиҮҲܻ
롣˼λڷ֮ˮڵϹճĵΣ۾һиط˵ȥ

ָһ㣬ɽڲݵԳ֮ˮɽڶ࣬һɽָһɽɽ˵ѪݣһûмֻڹŲмء
Ѫݣ
Ҳ֪ϹսݴɽˣѪɽۣΪݣڱУǱѪݡһ䣬ɽζʱûһСݣ״棬ȻֻССһãȴݵġ
վɽŲԶȥٻذɡɻûüӾͱ˻ȥ
ȥȫôȥȥҡ˵


133 
һǱ˱ˣյ, ɫ, վûס, һɨͽڵİ÷, һ仰˵¬ǰԵսսġ
纣¥ǵһμʶλ̫ʦƢ, Լ, ﴧŵƼֱ֣޲̶ԶԶġ
Ͽ, Ƿ⴫ȷԳ֣֮ް, ֻһԵ, 볤ķֺģ²纣¥ҲյĴ֪˱ȣΪһͻŶ
ǵķûгͻ
ǲײΪǳڲ, ϹȥȴϹ޵Ĳк, Ҳ̽ǰԱΪͼݻһУ˻ڵӻһ, ɢʱȴˣֻ龪һһ硣֮ǻھͽһ, 纣¥䲼ôֲڣһӣı£ôڳ׾ӵ󷨣֪ǳΪһ»Ȼʡ
纣¥Щڳ뾹׾ΥŹ̻ϸ֮־֮С룺Ҳ˵˵СʦȻˣвҲ֮顣
ҳ뻹ڴһʦһ纣¥Ը򣬶ڳ뻹мεġ
ҲЩ飬ȴҲίߡߣ˷ԭʱûܲĶ⡣
˵Ϊܽ͵ͨ纣¥ȻǾıҪƾݣһ˵
ԭƵѰ˺üĿǰʱһⷢ⡣ۼҪ纣¥ԼӦѰ˵Ȱӿǡ
һƳɫһʱǶԼйӴҲֳ֪ʲô
ǰΪ֮ʣһŰһƣīݸ𣬺Ƭ̱˵ͷ
Ƿ纣¥ˣֻˣ˼佫İָ󣬱㻽ī
īһϮɫۣ糾͵ģϻյִɽׯ͹ˣһ
ƻɽׯ˾֪һ˵ӱ°ߣԼ鱨һҲױβѡ
ȴ˰ֽ𣺡һڳҪɽལ֮Ѵ磬ûīѵĴţǶҲǰɽׯģֻ̫ˡһ뵽Լαװɽյ˳ߣӶҪˣƳī㣬뵽Էǳ㼱īѣͷ
⡭ֲסڴīֻܿЦǸҿܰﲻæ
˹ϵʱҲʱԷ˼οһǧǰͶԹˡ
Թ塱֣˫ļˮһĨ࣬żȻΡӡ˼䣬ȻǲϵȴܾöԷһһΪϤ
˭뵽⾹Ĵ
ǸŮȷˡֻ˫ȳǳûĴڡ
һ뵽˳룬ɫһʱ粻һǸðˡ
ī̾һҡҡͷᡣ룬ʵʲô𣿡
ԥƬ̣㽫Ĵݸī㣬ȥ˵˶֮Լıס
ϧעҲҪһڣȴ°߳룬īкγûƶϣοۼʶԳ⡣
Ȼʱδָ䣬뻹£˵ܶࡣ
˵ҲԸȥñ˴Ρ
봫ŵݣ˴𰸣ֻЩԥĳɣīѵ˵޷
ԷȻ˵ˣī㲻ֱԵȻ˵ʧƫģҾóӵĴŲα䣬Ϳ¶Զ׼ĵִֵĻЩðұ⣬¡
˵˸ʾǸ⣬̶ԻɹǣལһУʵɵȫȳϣץ߳ӣһȴ˱ˣҿĿǰΪֹ֮⡣ȻҲǷͼıӦòΣա
һ˵꣬ȥķӦƬ̺һٶȴԷһԲȥЩ
һȻشҲԶ̫ܱȣչ鲻Ǻ£˵Щʲôһգ纣¥ȴһīǰ̫£̫ʦ鷳ƣ벻Ҫ֡
ҳڲѷˡīҡҡͷ
ţ纣¥ֵīǰСʦ尲Ȼ𣿡ĻЩɣƺҲھ岻
ī˼һ˳⾹Գ飬ҹ㣿
ûûУ纣¥ʸڷϣͬʱ͵סڡ
īЦЦ˸־˵Ľ̸й¶ŻСΪЩҾÿһᡣеǿǣò㵱û˵ɡ
纣¥ĵīǰòȻ˼Сǲ٣ԼǵС׾ˡ룺Ͼһ̫֮ˣżȴȽŸǼ򵥵
ٶīһֱڰԮһڣл纣¥в֮æͷӦīǰ롣
ҡһֱıһڵĲī̾һκͿɬұǶ˽һЩɣȷ࣬ĺƶˣͬʱҲΪҾһ»ָء
ǹºʦڼҪߡ纣¥̲ס
ŵʱشϺͳӽˣ˵вལ֣ȡôīȴʵ
纣¥ʱԶԣһֱаΧƸɽغͳ붼δʱȡǵգ۵Ĺ򶼲Ҫ
οǶ˲ལһڻɽΪڲԸǣԻɽҪɽׯӦѰɡī̾һֻ߳Ӷѡ
ܹʹһж˳µɣȴûԸȥһۡ
īǰ纣¥ס˵ЩʲôðοһǰŮӣȴֲ֪˵Щʲô
īȴЦЦҪ˵ľЩԺҪȴ뿪Ϊǳ˴ΣأҿӦȥ˰ȫٻʱһڶա
ѾȴȻ˵Ҫһڶգ纣¥Ըһһ֮˼л
ī㣬ȡƿ˿ֳüǲ֪ô̫ʦ彻
߳ӣ̧ͷգǺˮϴıɫ˿ķѩƮҡ
˷ԭϲżзʱԽԽӣѩҹͣЪĪ˵ۣʶҲԿԶ
ڷ֮ˮ֮ϣźˮԼɽΣ̤ǴֻܼһƬããɫ
աѩڵı㣬Լ˪ѩǵľʯһɫ߽޷ǰǶ»ɽ
ÿĥԼʿҲᵽȣɽׯֱ̫ƽݵ԰Щݴڴ˵ңҲǾסԴؾУǸɽֱѩﰲ仧
ѩɽУŭŵķѩθѣͣʱһ÷飬նķѩУȻƮһССĻ磬ֻһ㣬ȴΪΨһɫʡǴƮҡĻϣһɫӰѩߡ
ǳѰѪݵĳ룬ִ˺һԷͬһǰ
ϲƽԭ֮ͬˮԱǶ͵ɽأ缫󣬺䣣ѩżļǷУ۾ǲãһƬƬ̾Ҫʧ򣬶Һʧȥƽ⣬Աûͽ
ͽҲǱȷаȫôһѣ᫲ƽɽ·ϣ벻Լľ˶ӣһǰвҪȡ
뿪ǰȡѪһػ磬˵ָ򣬻һѷҪԱʱ֮衣
Ż·˳ɽ£ɽ᫣ûвľǣߵȥǲľ£һѰ·Ҳ֪Ҫҵ¡˾գǻͣסתȦ㲻ǰ֪Լѵɽ
˵ֻɽѪݣ賤ԼȥѰңϾҲûۼǻǲĴҲ׼
ԼĪɽԵʣ󣬹ε죬ǼʵزƵİɫ磬Ҳģʡ˲ѩôҲƣ
Իһ㿪ʼֻܿѩ⣬ûУ̦޺Ī˵ǲˣĵֻĴ߿ˡ
ɽû󣬱ֲŲٶѨθӵúܣѰնһۼɽͷһ飬ﲻڿҪҪ˻ɽǿʼѰʱԶһĨɫشС
һӦѪݣһϲܿʶǰɫǵӰ
ỹˣ
ﷺɻ˵Ļһ壬뵽ùɽɽϣ˵ǻһˡ
Ҳûʲôϵţ̤ӲѩѰеǵɫ
ֻһСһ˲˵Ƴˮ
Ѫζɱֲƣһִ
ԭںԶİɫӰֻһ˲͵ǰ
ֻĿʺ죬ѹôסϢҲӭƬӳ齣
Ľл޾Ѫ⡣
󣬶һ죬һᣬǱ齣ʱ۳ƴδڹ
ɫĳӳУѪɫһ㣬סʺ
Ǳͣúȣû˵ȴʺѱ
麣ʲôʼڣҪ˺һЩͬʱüĴҵʹǰ󷢺ڣ͵߬˫ָ֣ݺݿģŬЩʶ
ʱģʱҰУŮޱ鿴ŵǱѪɫڼĺʯ
Ľģ
ʵɤɳƸɬȴеĽһһ˿ҡ


134 
˭ͷʹѵ, Ծš
Ҳ֪Ϊ岻, ΪŮѹ̫ǿ, Ȼºů, Ǿ
㲻ʶңŮɫϸϸų, ϵĽҲ, ϵѪѽһ㡣ʱͱΪХ, һ˲ǹɽķ硣
עǱѪɫվֱ, ǰʶ
, Щ޹ؽҪŮɫعĮȻ̧𽣣⻺ջأָüģɡ

ͷտҲġ
һ˲, 麣ʲô, ֯һлЦҥҲззӯ졢Ľ, ׺һڣʱᱻ˺ûƬۼ
Щ, ûκӡ󣬿־Ϥޱȣ°涼ʶϢ
ҰģǰӰ뽣һƮӰӡ
ҡҡͷ֣붷С
Ļģȴܲʹȡ֮Ǿ޴ĿշԼĴڶҪǡ
Сʱιȥ
ۣ͵ҧ⣬ſеѪζǿгʶһĶ£ߵŮ˵ţӸϡ
Ů˱֮ʣһ֣Ӱ˲ʱǧƬѩʧããɫС
ȥκѸٽһ㣬Է룬Ϣ᾵ıҺ
ͬʱѪɫһŮӵö̼Ϊ۳
˼ųԭվĵطһתǽ¡
⴩ѩУ磬ѪԽɢƲɵҪƬѩضѡ
ɽһ£Ǵͣ£Ϊ빻Զӹһ٣ɻûüɿ;ʲôӿ
Ȼ޴ӷУٶǺܿ죬ֻǹϮȴ죬գۼ䣬ѩмѴĩˣÿһƬƵƬ·ԽӴһн顣
޽޼ƿʩֻ֮÷һֻӳöһȡ½ϻǰסҪ
˴վڵ϶ʩӷ˫ζѩУڿգһ¾ʧƽ⡣
˺ڴƮҡСۣʱᱻ˴÷ǡ
ǿסһϮľصڵأȾ˽ѩм׷ϡ
⡭
ʶҧأȥӭӼľʹԤе򽣴δӷһůסˡкţ    gl
Ǵػ磬ɫ磬УϮıѩһǲ⣬ʧˮɢ١
ȻûһűҡڵΪϲɡ
ǻУ籩ѩʧȥԭȵ壬ʹƼ˲١վ΢¶һǳǳЦ
лл󣬱㿴ǸӰԷѩ󻺻߹
ɫ漸ҪΪһ塣
İɫǽӰӡ
ǰǲܵġȱѩĮ볤УֻǴĲ
Ǳ˸ΣյĹһӳ볤
ǰ˼仰Ů˵Ķϱϣ⴦ϣϻɫѪۡ
·ԭӦɫġ
ϱۣɫѪɫĽԼʲôȴ޷һץסͷʱŮ俪ڣΪҪӡ
üȻ˺֣ҲĶ֣ͻȻνԵرܡ
Ҽƣ̶˷ѣֵһҪ
û˵꣬ͱŮӴϣңӦطʤ
ΪҪʤһͷˮΪǽԶʤңʤһĿȻαضһ١
֮⣬˼
ŮϵһĨ֮ɫ㲻
ҵĽѾˡöԷֱһͻ齣ڿҪﻹнɳ
ûþɽֻһڱȡһѻ齣У٣ΪҲûпǶ౸ѽ
˭Ůһס
ûལˡػرĽϻѿտҲ
ŮȴնС˵ʱϰɫһ˲ǣ˶УҲȾһ˿졣
˸ˡ
ҡٴηԷȴɷ˵һն£æܿ
Ѫͷ䣬ѣֻһ㣬ն첲
ʼʩ־;ѡ
ǰܹ֮ɹֻΪԷϵԵʣǶŮзһ趼
ˣǺã
벻ЩĻţһģͷ˲ʱһѪۡ
Ľ綼סǰѽ
Ѫѩϣŵ÷
ҵѪʯ䣬һ֣ԷһϮٶӭȥ
̽ץסǰѽ
лģ룬ƹǱնϣѪӿ˳Ž䣬סԭѪɫ
мΣɵ˶Ůϡ
öԷ¶֮ɫʱһַֻɿ콫ڽϻϣϻǰһͣǰѽ˽ϻУֻལŮС
ԿʼϰλϾִıһɹ޷һܹ麣ıΪûнܳľѪ
ֻ¯УС̾ͻ
ĽϻΪãʵһڵ¯һ£ǼöĽٻ֮˵Ǳ
ǽϻΪ죬ٻգգ۾ͱǱΣڵҲĳɫ¶ȸ̵ˣɼ˳뻹ǽץţʵҲķûЧֻ޼ƿʩµĹעһˡ
ɳ֮⣬Ҳ벻취ˡ
ڵңҲ⡪
һ˲˼Х
̽սϻһжڼ̵ʱڣָɲǶûС
ϻէȻѣ׷ɵƬ𣬴˷деıѩڻʧ
һֻ˴ƬɫӡǣǱٻ£һֻѪ죬Ⱦϵ߲ȴϾ˼ڵѱѪɫռݡ
Ů˶˽ҲˣŽһ˿·ǽΪһ塣
Ǳ򷢳˻ŭϵѪɫ·Ťüٶҡ
һѪԽ䣬ǳѪ
ɽ겻Ъѩֹͣˣѩ䣬һжȥֻºƿһļž
Ѫ֮£һ˲
ΣսΡ
ֻǵĺ˷ӿ綼޷赲
ЩķâԸǹʦ齣ֻ֮ˣϯ֮Ǳѩǿ类֧顣
ת˲ķѣɽˣ
ıҷڱգͬʱ£˴ء
ʧ㴦׹ȥзãһжնˣѩ֧䡣
ѽߣΥΥͷ
еһжᱻ𣬲ۼ
Ҳ
ҲҪ뿴ɰԼĻɫ૵Ҫȥ
ҪȥȥǻҪôҪȥҪֹ
ǻҪȥһ
δ䣬ƤһѪ߳
һ̣ӦѪɰ¾˳Ⱦ
ûڵĽûɸ˺ۣûʹǣһֹϤУһ˿ãȻţžɵĻشԺС
ǼԶĹȥȴɡ
İӰԡѪۺ֮ϣն£Ƶļɽӵ޾Ļ谵УѪȾ갧һձΥɡ
ǻĳʼûй⡢ûȡûû
һһﶼڡ
ҪˣΪ˭ڱ̾ת˲һ
Ǽɤᶨظ˲ܵĳŵ
˭
ڵӳʲ
ξмӰξ·ʹڡ

У뱻ʲôʹ֣ӭĽ
ӿŭһ˲ʧˣƬ̺󣬷ѩ
Ƭϵı֮ػָԭģ
صķιϣǻ׷ɵıѩ׹䡣
ǽԿʱ֪бɽһлָ±ߵȥ
ͼסΣֻ˶ָͷ̵ķ䶼
ֶֻʧȥ֪ȥζ첻
ĵʹֻǰһһ󷢺ڡ
ˤȥӦܵ˰ɡţƳƬ糺죬ֻһ˲ʧˣþǻþ
ǡѪݣ
ͷһһͣס׹ƣȴ޼£ֻǿ֣̽±¶Ƭ˵ĺۼ
ָ૵ô졭
ѽߣŲټı⣬˷ԭıطǱܱȣӲ䳹ǣˤȥһ˲룬ǻʿҲԪˡ
ɳް취ʶֻǿάš
Ȼ䣬һɫС
ǿ
һֱػĽ糷ˣǴССĻ磬ƮǵΪĻ⣬С
һ¸е䡣
ʧԭٶȳʱϣס
ݵĺɢĿתעɢϤģ֡
ӱůĻͬʱ٬ɤС
Ҿ˵һ˲С
δ䣬˱һڵأǰ׼סɫһ󷢰ס
˵ʣǰָָ̧֣Ƭɫڵķǿõɢȥ۾˹ȥ
Цҡҡͷ򷭳һ۸ϣȻͿʼ̻ĨϢ
ȻģʵȳòȥǴػ粢ͨ棬Էֻ֮ʩ䣬൱һתƷ󣬱Ҫʱ̸ȥߡ
۾Ǻľʣľء
ֻԷһʱ֪Լȼ̫֮
ùôҲܸת˰ֹſ·һȻ룬ʧڷѩС
ɽŮӷȻǱѪҲûɿֺ˼±ȥܿȴֻ޾ͷıѩ
Ѳ֪ȥ
Ѫɫĳ˸Ĺ󣬷·ߡ
ʱһȥҲǼʱҲգܰվţŽХ
֪˶ã̧ۣӹһĨ
תǰѶƵӰ
Ϊ˵̣
ȴ׸ǹ˺Хķ⼫֮ʯʾĩΪӦеǿʵ


135 
޼ɵ, ʱ͸ı, صСĶϲ, ܵȻ
ڲͬξд, ʱجʱѡ
ҹַǷм, ʽǻűĺˮ, ϼԲҡڣС¹ּСһȳһջǰУȱմȾ˳ɫ
еľ»һ, һ޼ʵѪѪ֮Ͻ, Ų, ׹ǺͲ֫£ڵѪɫɡͷȥѪֻһߣֻ⣬ȾĨȥĺۼ, һ˲ȴǣ, ĿĵѪѸԶ룬ƽ͵ɫȡ
һ죬ıӦ, ڳűߣƳξѳۡůĴа, ë񣬽ʵȻ㣬⶷໤ϺҲκβֺ
ʶмֻӷʹʲôͼȴּ˽ţã΢ĺڶϣƫͷӳ򰲾ݣ˼ЩجãȻʱһɨա
ء૵з˿˿ζֻԼ֪
治Щξ٣ֻ֪ÿһ󣬿ͬһӰӡ
ʱξеģо󽻵ֺ
򱳿ڣ˫۽գƷ˿ǰڲ԰׵ͶµӰЩѪ㣬ˣһֻǽų룬ˣһֱֻɢһЩʯһЩ뿴һЩƳȦΧסӦµķϢԶǳǰĴƬɫ֮ǰҴһƳδܿ壬ϸϸֻЩ״棬ڱУƴػ硣
Ѫݡ
һϲصϣЩϲ۳嵭ĵЩʯ˲ʰҲδüЩѪݰɡ
Ҳ֪ѪǲЧ
˼˴ζӾһ̾ϢΪԼԾӣƬ̺ͷǿ˹ȥ̧Էɢҵķ˿
Ǻܽ벻ԸԼˣ룬ָⴥԷӣܵԶӡдȵ¶ȣ⡣Ҳ񣬽Ҳס
ŮӵûйȥãˣѲ뾫ƣߵ״̬򵥵ĶͺľȫĪ˵ˣֻȥЩ
ٿҪչЩǿȫѲżֱֻۣԷϿȥ
ѣ˫ӵסǾ̸жǿ׳˱ý޼䣬ҪΪһ塣
ɽսƺʱЩµı㼫ι̣ѱӿ顣벻Ǻ˵״κһ˷վ޻֮ȴȥЩ
֮ϵ֮ȴֻССһ磬ӽůеĽˣ˼иƣ۸ٶӿļ˯ȥ
һΣš
ٴȴΪḧԺ󾱻ʣǸǡôİѹ֮磬ĺ˼Ҫʸг١
һ䵽󾱣Ƥʱ붣һ̧ͷ
ˣʵ뱧Щ̫දͿԼӣ󾱵ָ࣬ųʱ޷Ϊ󾱵΢΢ۡСޣ¶Ц
벢δĶŪ̫ݵĹϵ˼ԻЩʣֻǰԼĻǶµůЩʱʱᴥҪؿõ
޳Ľë˲һ̧Ͷ˫ЦǳһʲôǣƵģָ̧ӣĵ¶ȣһĵૣů͡
ü˵ʲôȴͻȻƽϢϣ˵ľһ±ֻһߡ
˫вһЩʵĹΣԼĪЩԺٶԶʱ䣬ǱǼ䵽գ˶٣߳ɵƬ̣ϡ
֮ǰĸдͣڼУξԼƳĲƬȴһ⾰
ǰҪȥξȴǵ˹ƻ
գһ߼϶ڡ
ĸдȼеĹȥԼξΪʵݵƳǳһľȻѹϵӿֳ
ҡ룬Խ͵Ľڡ
ȴߣ£ֱ۽ڻУű㰴סĺԺԥȥ
ȫƾϲãȻΪ˼δԵʿ࣬¶ǵ̬˳ˮ۶ೢЩͷ
ͼգۼڽĴɾϵǶ֣ʱͱǵôò׻ָЩ°һգָ̽˫ۻͬҵӵ˿ƵڶԷϣ·ֻŲʧ֧š
ĻӦ¶ֵóѣһעųһ޼ɵֱ˫ڵо뼸ĴϢάϵʱɿų뷢ԼһûһḧŶԷͣĺ󱳣ĵȴϢƽ
֪˶ãϵȶȲˣԼӦ˯ͿˣϷ־øⱡ뵽һĸо־ԼȫȻѣҲûʲôı䡣
ջȻѿ˵֪룬ȴ޷ֿ
ͻȻ٩Ƶɤͷˣţ
˵ͷȴںӣԼ˼׿ơ
ЦЦڳͷЩӣпƵҺܸˡ
ˣ
ѹߡǣַĿڣƽɤ˼ֱ治һֱﶼټ
ܹ˴˺ֺη
ҲȽܸˡ
ǻ벻ͣһӯܷɵߴǾǸˡ
һʵЩ𣿡
ɫ԰ףܶ޴󰭣ֻǳ뻹Щġ
Щˡסֶ֣Щȥ֤Լԣ˯ʱŷһѪݣЧԤûá
á԰ʱʶɽʧʵЩˡ뿪ˣ
߲ãǳˡüҲǴذǲŲڱ˵Ϊλ˽֣
ձķ˴³ѼǿϾȥ̽ĶǺˡ
ҡҡͷЩգҲʶһ˵õĶŮˣҾ˵ҪұȽҲ֪Ϊʲô
ŮˣɫһǲǴһѪɫĽ
ǡʶ
һЦһڵӣңҲӦϵǣΪŶһֻ֡
ԾȵۣЩ޹ңʲô¶Ȼɫԭ̣
ιȥ򽲹ΪҲδۼҪҪԨ̸ʱһʽҹֻ˵ɽ߻ʥͬŵ֣̽صײ֪١
̵ٻŰĵصףʶǶŮӺû뵽йء
ѹҪطʤ˼ǰѣǻ
ˡѹȣҾͲ»᲻йأ˷ԭֳڴˣҲµû
ұȽһѩǰܣɲ̫񡭡Ҳ֡ɵѲƿ̨ʱǰ㲻£ҪŪ˵ͼ˵Բ£ѵ뱨һۣ
䡱֣ɵȻ𵱳ھϼǧҪЮҪ볤ȽҲ붼䡣
ʤ¹ȻΪִ̬ʤ˼֮һʽô⣬һʼ̺ͼǧľϱ³ˡ
ϳüģƽǴ٣ЦʤҲãҪҲգıñ죬˭֪ô롣ںúõģͼ翼ǿ´
˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷҺԶҲѡ
һóǣ˭֪ԷһĻȥ˼ˣֻסֵ´Ұ㣬䲻ܵеùӵķҿɶǡƤգգۣε⣬ҵѪݵķϣһ̲⣬ºǵͿԡ
롰šһƬ̺ŷӦǾ仰ĺ壬ʱһ˿⣬ֻһΪǷӿֳȸԾ֮Уǰ಻ס𴽽¶һĨǳЦһҪҡ
һΪЦڴ֮ǰҪίܼ춳Ѫժº󲻾ñữɢȹָ뿪
޷ҡҡͷʾǡ
ϵ֮±Ͳ࣬ǰһҪҲ̫ϣηֱԸֻֿô߾ͺܺáںδԵûʲôֱ𡣴˴һսȻļ󣬵Ǽ㹻ҩﶺһӲķฺ̫
񣬵ҲصĻᱻϡ
ô˵ſʼ
һֱûܺúÿ˴Ĺ죬ϸϸһп˼Զ
ԼĪ˶ߣ½Ǻı㣬Ψ˼пգѪڴ¼϶£ֱΪһ壬ֻгɽһһСĿӣ׹ɽ£Ҳֲط
ﲻɽΪѪݻ⴦
ӦΪʱˣ˪ϻۣѪ̺֮ѩѸԱ
״ܺƲԵϣʵǰıûô𣿡
ѪڴɽмʮɣЩݵľѪôıӦǺŵġ
Ц˵Ϲʱڣ˷ԭӦûô䣬Ͼ֮ˮĳ֣ڴ˾ɱܽò
˵ͷȷƬƵĲݴԣϸϸ̽飬Щ糺ҶƬиܵѰ̫ƣϢȡΪƽͣѪеȴһҪһжմơɵ̾ѪݿССһ̺꣬ЩԵ
Ͼ֮ѪȻºѲٻЩӰӡŵλ𳯳Ϧ飬Ʊҹ棬֮𣬱𡣡
ֹ𣬼Ϲ֮񣬿ʹ޼෬սңĩΪ֮һ˺㳹Ϊ֮ء
𡭡ֻڹżмֱ֣ٺٻѵһĪ˵ˡ
ж׽һγ֣Լ·Ԥʲôɵʲôȴö֪
̽ʱֻңԶξһ֣ǰ˯Ĳͬ
̽ʱҺ񿴵һЩ󡣡뿴һ򣬿ЩȷҲǲҼǴˡ
ʱ˼·ѳƮ˲֪Զָ֪о
ЩҶûмҲҵЩ¶ԲϣȴϤ
Ϥ



136 
ķѩƺִһЩ, żмƬѩҵķ, ɢڱ, 紿׵ɰ
ǳ˼, 翲ͣ£, ͻָ, ֻµ̵Ӱӡ
㿴ʲôʵʱԶؿбһ
, սۣʱ, ȻؽЩƵĻһһ
Ż, ѪڣʵɷƬأ֮£鷢Ͷ·Ŀ޺
ϥͷ˫ֲԾ߬ġ
δֻ, еľ, ɤմȾԼδѹ֣϶, ÿ˵һֶޱȣƬɽӡеġķѡ
ܵӰ쾹, 򲻾ü
ֱٺҲйϯĻ£ȴңԶĹȥֻɲļءǧΨ֮磬СȻϣȴҲԶɽӱɫ
뿴ģǰϦ
ֻʱɷŻ鲼أԩ꺿ԶšЩֻأδۼϸ£ĵĪԵʣ
ƶѪл꣬ԶѰ齣ܱȡԴ轣˵Ӱӣδز浱Ĳ״
ľҲǵǳЩعĺƽ١
ǰڳϵĵལƣȴڲལ
Īǡ
˫ǳкظֳ˼ɫ
С˵ûзӦáʶǡ
ȴĪϤ·ԳʱͿ˼
һѷһȴڼ֡
ɤͳﱻסˣƵ÷ţʲôطȱһ飬Ƭ룬ٶĶҲ޷
ȻǰƮɫ꣬ϲͱ˵һӿìܲޱǢˮӣֱû
˭૵ħ
״æҡҡļ򣬻ͣ£ˡ
ʱѹסϣҡôˡ
ѪԵ׽ǡ㿴ĿսʱΣ֪ǲ̽֡
ЩҲǶԵʣֻгһ˼
ⰵ˰˼Ƭ̺ƺʲôһš
û˵꣬ȴͻȻסͷȥ
æ֪ǳͷʹ֢ٶȷԳ˼һֵסĻ侭粻˺һֻǿӲزָ֣£סġ
ɫһָ볤üģïѧһЩѰȻͷʹǸԴӡãһ˲ͲһϢԿ޴ӿ̽ӡô״ͬʱϲдѪɫһ˵øɸɾ̣ܿƤ𣬺ңؽڿ죬˶
һԼִ֮Щ⵽ɣ˵Լ봽ǷٲȻЩѪǰûڲѣȴֲһСǳʲôӣֻñų밵Լ
ãɫԻָЩ̧۾Ϳû¡
ֻôû˵
һԲѰŵҩ£ȻϵĶʵһ϶ĩ˲̾һջ𣬿ɸȴ
һԸ֪ٴνЩŴϷˣڹƼ䣬ȴһ١ٶָţ죬Ҳһֱڳ˺ȴͷ
ɽ֮ԨһڡԼϸϸԼ֪鱨ʱüĿСĶϲתһȦڳǰǵѪƵӡǣĺһһֽ뷨֡
ḧϳüǵɰ룬һǴƤĦ룬𣿡
ڱĿʣʶԼģȴֻ֣÷֣Ƭ̺˵ͷţġ
üɰߣѣԵ򻺻ָԳüƿչüȻԲһ·£ͣСǰֻǼ򵥵һɸ޲ҪѨ
⻰СʦҲ˵ЩԣĪۣ
ûʲôֻǡ𡣡ջ֣һǲۣҾͲˣʶʿüĵɰֻ㣬Ϊ˵׼úܡ
˵棬ɣмֿЦζֻǸս
ȴûע⵽ԷĽƣ˵Լްʵδװѷһ˲ӰʱΪԼҪˡٶʣҲϾȥʲô
ʱһ뿪ɡ
ԷᣬΪˣۣɫŷӦʵ뿪ȥģ
ﶼãһһһ˭Ҳ
˭Ҳ⼸֣ÿüë΢΢𣬡Ҫӣ
󲻴Ӧ͵ȴԵһЩԵæȥȴһƿ
붢ڵʧ˵һƸɽ֤ףһڽ͵֮¡˵ü٣˵һЩͣƬ̲żЩֻƭҵ𣿡
ǣҲά̽ƣЩΣవЩ磽ķ꣬ҪӣҺαصȵڡ
ΪΡҧҧ´Ϊκԣʾ֭Ҳֻҳôһɡ
սɿŬʱԷŭģӲɺܿ죬Ȼ£һЦﲻȫ
ﶼȫЩԱԨǵҲø㣬ǽʲô²춫·ƾеù˶ڣҡ
ԺиֳǸ²⣬䡣
ʲôʵ
һֺۣܿƿĿ⣬̾ûʲôֻû뵽ҲΪһ죬ֻҵط
Ǹ߹£ЩڣûԭίͷƢֱ֣ۣ̽ԷûпַֻܲϣҲû㡣
Ǻõģ˵Ҿˡȴ˵
ҡ
У˭æ
Ҳ֪Ҫ˵ԼƷ֮ģܻڲ¶Ƶĵ棬ְֺޡ
ϲŲΪմȾģȴֻԹΪ޷Ǳһ֪
Ҳһ쳤ףȴ֪ʱ仹
ƫƫ˻ӣ͸ԳЦЦƶ㲻뿪԰ɡʹ֪Ϊ⡣
ҡ뻺֣ɺֱܿԷ˻ȥ̧ۿ򣬶ԷȴֱֻǰһԲֻٶȴۣѵҲߣһ֮Сʦô졭ʦ䲻Ҳܡ
һء૵ƫƫ˵顣
ԼҾסһڡһΪƸɽءǡ˵ΪˣҲ̫Ҳܲһڡ
ΪŹ棿ûЩŹأ
΢΢üĬƬ̺󻺻Ҳ֪ҲΪŹɣҶԣֻһ·ߣûŹ벻̾һ˵Ҫ뿪ȥﶼãɹڡֻ뵽ƸɽҲ֪ȥ
ԣһǼңŤͷ룬ǳɫ
ңһ˿ã˼
ĬУ˫ڵһ㸡ֳʡ
ڲ䷢ʲô
ӦǵİɡЩȷž˵ͷǵģһңǼҡ
򿴵ǵЦ⣬ипǧ̼ǵõʳںηʱδ˵ڵĴǡûмҡ
ţǲˡֱס룬ԼУͬʱǳɫ۵׸ֳЩͣȬǾͻɽׯҪ̸һ¡
һ²⣬ϣԼ´ˡ
ɽׯУڶԺǵһԳʧٺһֱ˼鲻ѣҳ
ʲôײһܺùڲܿƵһһųĴţԼīЩ
򣬴ܾǸħͷֲòϣԼԸֿʵ˵ͨġ
治򡪡
һ뵽;ðź̲סҪս
ִܲµֲ߬Ҫ顣
ȻеӴҴ౨δȶԷߵǰһʵľʦֵˣ
뱻°ߵʹһľǰʱ䣬ܵˡ
ǡǵӿı飬С
˭һľģ뵽֮ǰݷõĽƺī㣬ʱûʲôɫҲ˼
ǵӱú޲Ⱦܣ¹شиֻӲͷƤԳùɽ壬˵Ҫ̫ʦ壬
˵˫ֽһϡһö͸ƣԵһڵɫƣѰӵвͬǴϵƾš
һöء


137 
纣¥ں¬Ƿ뷺֮ˮ, ЩǼѾѰ˶ϲ, ˼򶷺ۼص
ǰټ, Ȼûб̬, ûиٻش󲿷ˡֻʮӢӼѰľ纣¥ԼĪĨ, Ҳǰȥ֤ǿʲô
ᵽ˷֮ˮһ, ɳЩҪǴȻ֮Զһζ, ˵ʧڴ۸ӵĶУķ඼һ, ֻ, 쳤᲻
纣¥Ҳ֪ͽͣҲ˵ˡĻֻһһաĽ֪ǵľ˲ʯҩЩ֧, ЩҲ̫Ѱ
֮, Ѱ˵Щ֣Ǽ۵λƶϳȥˣһ·׷ٵ˷֮ˮͷ, ҪɽأԶϲƽԭΣգǲð, ֻлɽׯҷ纣¥
ƶԶʤ˴뼸λʦȥ̽̽·¬˽飬һӣĶԪӤΪҼ˷˾ϵҪǰȥǰȥΪס
Ҳֻˡ纣¥˵ͷ̫ʦ˲ܾ
˿һڵĴҡͷ̾Ϣ
Ĳ³Ϊһ־磬Ϊ֮ʣһڸΪʸ֮ġգӦЩԭίʿͰѷ纣¥æýͷö粨Թɽׯвʿ½ȥ
֮δˣڴ󲿷˵ǲǷ֮£ֻ뿪˷ԭܸǣһȴΪغͳԵʽѡ
ǰһǻѪɽʱ޷ǵġʡ֣֪±仯Ḵ˹
չ黹̫뵱Ȼˡ
ֺ¬һЩˣ纣¥ȥ𣬿ɻûȴһҵ˹
߸ŽգɫҴңֱ˷纣¥¬񣬷Ը¥ٻӣȻһӼ̷ƸɽѰнǣԷ;б䡣¬㱲ӣһϣȥ֪ͨһɡ
֪ǲǴ纣¥пһ˿
¬ԳĬӹһ˿ֻǺܿͷǡ˵뿪ˡ
̫ʦ壬ΪΣ纣¥ɵǲСʦ𣿱ϣĪ̫ʦϢˣ
ûҵ˴ʦֵϢ֪գӲ˾Ȼˡ
˵գһ񣬵ͽ
֮ͣض񡣡ǰĲҪǲλ棿
ءҡҡͷ֮һ۷纣¥ƺ˵ʲôĩȴֻ̾һһ˦ʧڷ纣¥ǰ
յҪǲˣһϵʦǡ
纣¥Ȼ¬Ƭ̳Ĭĺ塣
޷ǡ಩
˫ֻ֣ɿ
¥УĽϸϸžзɫڵӣúŤͷҮʵԻһ壿
ǾɽׯŵķͨԹ۲쵽ɽׯʿ
ţ㿴ǵͼҮһ̬ذûĽƣҲûŪָ°ڣЩĲɣĽƷʲ̧Ƴһ۾ӣ͵Ǹϵһģһ
һڡĽĪй
ѹһ֣ͻЯط䣬˷ԭ춯ʱһһӡ֤Ĳ²⡣
ҮŽô죬Ҫһ𣿡
ƾãϹŴսļ࣬ҮȻûֹһгʱĲ״ἰʱЩ̿֡
ݾߡĽҡҡͷ𼴽ϣһٻӣҲ顣
Ǿ͡ˣҮɵƳһ۾о󣬡ҲΪ¹ġ
£˵⡣Ľüͷ΢ϴδŹ˵ҪȥɽѰѪˣùɽǱϡ
˼ǣܺйأҮһ־ͷۣҪҿȥұ鷳ͺܺˡ
Ƿ顣ĽƵ˴˲ᣬ£һһǰ½ٱضʢŭʱҿӵĵطûС
һͦġҮƲƲ죬ˣȻǧ㲻ҲֻţǸô죿
ĽһͬиǣóӦ𣿡
ǲѡҮֹǶˣô죿
ͬ䱦һ֣ҮһߣɽׯķʱһأĽƵİȫҲԵõϡ
»вˣ˵ҲûԱ֮ĽưֱۣǣмǶҼɡΣķʲôԾ̻ǧҪ¡
ŶҮӦˣɻһԸĽֹ
ôԣĽῴһʵҪ˵ʲô
Үһ£㣬һǲǻҪȥǸ硣
ǣҪ̸Ľƶһ٣ͻȻӦ̲סЦ㡪û˵ͱҮס졣
ûУҮЩ߳ŭҾʣ̸£һ̸һ죬һҲ𣡡
ȻԡĽŲ֣ЩΣǾЩҮƺֱŤû뵽Ϊ硣
гǼּǿгǳվȽţҪ£ǣĿǰǼԶʵǿӶΨһļ̳ˣ⼸˲ٹȥ̽ڷ硣Үû뵽ᱻˡ
ǰû˽̸̬µĶУҲҮʲôŤ
Ϊر˼ȽϺãǰҲûֹƵ
ΪҮƿĿ⣬úܺÿ֡ͬǳгǡ
ĽƲɴۣû뵽ɣһʱ֪ЦȽ͡
ôң˵Ҳ˵ˣҮԻȥòҲһһģҡҾͲܵһ𡭡
βʧһǿӲֲʧ컵С
ĽͷסҮĲȫԼ䣬·ľٶ˵Լ⡣
㡣һǽҧҮ򥣬Եص૵˵ҶԭôӢ
ӵҮ׵ӷ˺󼸲ϣĽϣȻԷƵĲ˼£ǽҺòã˵䣬ѭűĸ϶Է
֮ʤֻһ䣬Թǡ
ĽƬ죬ѱ΢ָӲϼ϶̽룬ۻȦ׹ܵս
ҮϳҪ࣬ÿζĽֱˮʪĸо
Ǻܿͻů
ͷĨİɫӿ̰Լ߮¶Ƚߵ͵ʹһȻ۽ڶԷã㡣
¯˼£ȼøΪһӰӳøΪϸڽ֯һȥ⣬ѩƮҡȴӻ꣬ƺ
ƽ
ҮĽƵ۽ǣΪֵĵط
飬ȴǻĽƸΪǡ
˫˵һ۴ʱ뿪أ۽ǵˮǣ׹
ֹһ˵һ֮Үʱȴӿֳһģһ顣
׿һиöð
ôס
Ľƻƽİɫͼ֮һһ
ǸͼĽ󱳣״гҶҵƣֻɫ෴ǺҲȻ෴ǳɫΪҫɫֻӡڣ޷Υ񱦿ˣĺǶ޷ѡҲˣҶ۲ŻȥԼ
һƿصĿܣ޺֮ǡ
ҮḧĽƱĺۼдʹһ
ĽƵ飬ʱӿгǶĿӻսĳǰΪҶ֪
ֻǵȴͶԸĽƴӦ󣬾һŭֱ֮뿪˷֡Ϊ˾ĽҪȴ޷ܶԷЩаһ
ʱֵϲսң鷳ƣһʱѪԱºҪȥЩຣΪܼ򵥣ϾһǱ䶼вһˣ˲ŷԼ뷨жЦΪսΪȴΪƷΪƣȴɱ¾Ϊȡһǳϧ޹
֮ʶĽƽöãôؾ¶۸ǷǺڰס
ֻϷ˼Ļ䣬ض뿪ǰǰ಻סȥĽƣҪúø
վǸ߹Լ
ʲôĽƹһƷ˿ڴϣ̴ɳƣƽ侲࣬зɣֻʱŻ¶
롭Ү·סͼʱ͵Ϯ֮˸ۡ
ִսʱ䱦۵ĵطƫƫһǰԥ˼¶û¶ģֱһǻʱɱĽơ
Ľƽնдβ֪Ϊ˵˳ȷǿһЩǰɱߵĶ֣˻ҶϪĸֺ֣һоЩĽؿڣҮЩ¡
ǵԼôֵģӦʱʿѻΪмȻĽƱİơ
˵ĽƳĬ˺һſڣ㻹֪
ЩŹ֣ƺڱЦ
Ү֪ʲô˵ѵʱδͷβһ飬ȴûʲôŹִ
Ľ̾һЩ޿κΣִεĳ磺ΪΪʲô
Ү㶣󡰰һϻиˣҪϱˡ
սĵĵһ죬Ҿ֪ˡĽƼҮ˳ķ˿ֻǵ˺ܾöңɵ֪ҶϪԸң˳ˮһѡ
Ҳ̫ΣˣҮԹƳһۣһûü
ĽЦЦûнӻǸٶסİ֮ˡ
ʱʵްգֻǶһѣȻóԸ˶ѡ
ȥգСġ
ģһа˻ľ
ڵĹžһĨ⣬ǣȻ֡
Ȼʧ
ùɽϣ̿ǰľ޴ʯеĳѪһϢһΪ
ȵϢееĽʼƺҪѳ
սһӣȻǰȥ


138 
뿪, 纣¥´뿪˷ԭ, , ֱ׳Ǳֳ, ԴҲް취
ǰ˷룬뿪ȫһЩ, ĽƵĽδһ, һʱѲ˼һڽУɶ뿪ˡ
ϿȾɽׯʮ, ֻΪ˴νнһʿڣ纣¥, ÿһξҪǰ̽ǰ·Żǰ, һȻų˲٣Ҳࡣ
֪ΪСĽãֻһ·һֻ޶û, 纣¥һͬʱ, ־ô̫Ρգ̽·ĵӺȻƶϷвɱۼ
, ǲƿǵ
纣¥һ˼ȴЩɣвɱۼ, ˵ʿӲδʧ塣Ѱ˼֮ǰ֮ûޣѵйأ
ռ״ȥһ̽Ǽ·ɣϿȾڲԶҲ׷ǡ
⡭纣¥ΪѣܿǾͷˡ
Ŀǰ֮Чķӣƴǣǵʱ䡣
һ񣬷纣¥ƫȥ
Ŀһ˵Ӱʧڷѩ󣬽̾һԼʱȻɫĲɵһ
Ȼû˵ȴܸоԷļҵ
㱱ϼΣգҲҪǲɽׯеĺ󱲵ӣΣķʱûвɽׯڲһڵĵǲΣ֮١ȴ˽Ҫ뿪Ϊ˲ϧյİ
˲纣¥һ﷢ʣ̸֪ٴȷǲʱת糣Դȥ
ǺԶǰƽ׳ֵѷ츽ЩڰһѰʱֹһξطżҲڸǻֻȴһ
̫Ũˡ
ȥֻܿһƬѹѹӰӣǵˮ֮ʱû˳ȺӵȺ
;ʿʩϢǰѺ޲ãɽͣһ̽飬ɻü
ǲʿභĺۼʿĲɱ
ĪЩǱʿģ
ٿһЩҰ˻ӿУմһƳͷ֮ԶԼ󣬳˳ǻڱԭѩǱЫһЩϴ桢޵ȵȣ·˽һе޶ˡ
ǻʿͬھڴˣҲڽа֮޶о
ȻƳ֣ĴɢѪ飬ǧ޹ɵĺĻ˺һССĿӡ
ˣ
ƳϹâҫſ罫󲿷⣬żͻУҲڲ齣ն䡣˺ѵĿ˲Ϣͱǰ̵ϣע⵽ϵĹâһȻᱻ顣
ӣöȺͬʱٳʼһתֻ߰޻ҷ
ްΧȦٶ˺֮ǰ޴ȱڵչ¶ǻӽΪˣղһ
ǾīǼλ·ڼλֽƴɱһЩ޵ʬ壬Ѫ׹ǹһأѪ죬Ҳ֪Լģ޵ġһһֻ޴Уīһȥ޻Ҫ׺ݼ֣һն¾ͽ޵ԴδɺԵѪֱմµġ
ī󣬽տī㱳һң˫ĿգѪȾ죬ٲȻˣһ̽Ϣ΢ֲ֧˶ãɵһ˲ϱ
֮䲻ܴȫޣɱһ·Ǽ뿪Ҳ´࣬ʱʹ總ûüѯʣīɤӽеСģ
䣬վͲɱϮһӳ˷ƵƮʮɿ⣬ͬʱһʹһӭĺ
һ˲һӰڷѩмԳЦһʾѣͻˡ
Ϊˣյĵʱȥ
Ϊɣϲĵͽʿ¯Ϊܳһʱ䶼½ᲢۣʱŹţʱʿʦҸչ
ǰɾΪЩ޴ĩҲҪһء
īǰͬʱֱۺԷסͻȻ֡
˭ʶ̧٣뻵Һ¡˸ſȵɣҵ¯޵ҲǴһҲǴˣҿҲ飬
ɥĲ񣬽նʱŭ޲ü̽ʬΡо仰ȴЩԾӲɫʵ£˵ͬʱ˦īǲɨ
͵ҪԸһڣֿԡ˵¶пЦ˵ôûһЩСһ
ϵѪɫһ˵һɶ㡢ǡҲ
ʶҪ뿪ȥ׷Ϸ纣¥ƳڵĲ״ֱԭء
ɴЦʱҲò˰ɡ
סڡ߬¶ʹ֮ɫ÷·бˮͷ磬߬סĺ
ԶȻ̬Ȱһڵӣ·϶ҲûԺ󡣿ȴʲôû
յĻ񣬻۵һ˿⣬ۣһٻҪѨΪԼķ²
ֲһȻеɫ˷ӿɸİΧȦס
ЩʶΣ٣Ӵɺܿɵڵأһ˿
ͻ䣬˶סˣīŽһŽűߵʬ壬˶ƻʯ
ʱʵЦԶǲˡ
Ǿ仰һǹƿնɽűߣǹϺȻһͷ­ۣһһϣ·˵ʲô
һͷ­Ŀȫǣϲ˭ʵɲܿϳǸڵǹ
Ҳ˳ŵغһʧ䣡
˶ԸһС͵Ϯ̫ˡŮ˳ڲԶһȻȻҪ԰Դһժ
㡢㡭ɵŤһָ䣬Ƽ̾Ҫȥƴһɻ䣬ӰһξͶѩУҪܡ
ôҪ߹ȥǹһǿͷ­ͻмɢڷУ˿ûȥ׷ͷǵ硣
ŹôʣɻûھһҽС
ţһعڵأǸոߵĻɣֻɫ׹⣬ֻһ׵ͻ磬ʹҽеûС
һһӰֱ߽ïֺ½٣֣˿͸һޣïֳЦЦһ˰Ȼ£Ȼһīȥ
½Ӹ¶ŻɣһԲɢԽ˵
½лȡ Ȼǵһμïֺ½٣ǻһֵģ޷Ҳλˡ½ȴƤҲ̧ֻεع˹֣Ըȥī
ïֺͰ̬ȵǱ½ٺ࣬ïֺɫīˣ䱧һߣ㲻ϺƣȴҲû½ǰѹֵѹ
лλȣ֪īǰΣСʵһЩʿƽа֮𣬵λЩϻ̳Ͽ֡
Ƽأû˼ԪЩʱվȬï˵ţȡһСУеҩī¡
ϸЩѵһ齣أһ
һī񻺻ӣͷҴļ¾۵࣬ļ밲οīȴܲˣ϶ʲסԱд
Ϊȴں׼಩վɱۣī֮ǣһķ£̲סй
״ûط˸ۣôˣô޿ġ
ҲЩ㵣ЩȻɺܿ͸ֳϧ֮⣬ī񼸴Σӡλ̫ļ̳Ȼͷ纣¥˶٣ȴԶԶ硣
ʱ纣¥ͿʼʱīֻǸֺеҹӰˣɽׯط꣬纣¥ѳ׵ĵӣīȴԻīıӻ¡һۣȴǱȳɳ
ҩЧīͻȻһۣж϶񣬿졢ߡ
˼ͣڻǰһ̣в֪ʲô
ī̧ͷһۣۿģȴҧδĿ˻ȥ
𣿡ռ״ߵīߣƽʵ
īҡҡͷһ˵һЩ޴󰭣ҳЩʱΪĵҩ֪᲻Ӱ졣
ЦЦȥںֱײӦҩδԵʣھϢܻЩѣӾûˡ
šīվӣĨȥϵѪȻֱ𳯼˹л
лǲˡ䲻䲻ȵīôǣͦ˵𣿡
ڳ˶֪īľ֪仰ڿ࣬ī߿뿪ڲ⣬һǽ壬Щ߿㱻ûȡ
·ѩСùõܲסڸѰ˸ܷ紦ЪϢѩȥټ·˵ţ˫ȻѩֹͣΪףСùѱһͷѩȥ̽·Ȼײ;У׽һڵӡ
ī㻹ûüɽׯͱɵ˷٣̫ϣ࣬īľЯ½ʱסһˣȴҲˣǰīô뿪˴īȴԸ
Щô£ʵ
ԭͿԹƽ磬ǰ;ͻȻ˵ҪЩӣͰѸ޶˹īһޱξͻ䣬ǳ죬ΪΪ
˵ȥˣı
ԶһϵΪľĺͷ纣¥纣¥Ѱһ
տһ½ٵˣֿ˿һˣп޳˵ľˣͷ纣¥̸˼䣬ԭί
ľĽӵʹһɽ˷ԭϿïֺͰ䣬Ȩʶͷ·ƫƫǺһԩƵƵ£ľֻ֪һ·ֻ̲װ˼죬ïͻȻǰ·ľĵ֪Ҳи԰΢ʣǶïֺ𾴡
ïֺͰǰȥ̽·ܿͷַ纣¥һɵӭ֪֮ҪԸһڣ˺Ǵӷ纣¥е֪⴦쳣͸˹
½ǵִ˷ԭһֱҲԨδ˵ٺһֱϢ棬Ȼīٶ£īѲī˿սҲֻԹۡ
ֱïֺͰǰïִ֤ỵ£Ը֡
úһڶϻȨûľĵ˵ˣǹߵߣЦ⵹ãҸӰԼˡ½٣ʵʱҲں֮ɽ
½ٵ˵ͷָһһӾͱжֱ۱Ťĳϣڲĺ㵱Ծ뼸С
ߺк͹ҲСͲ֪ײʲôϴǼһﶼ˿ߺеˣû˵һ־ˡ
ż֣ͫһɤӵΪʲôҪЩҲǺһаޣ
һһЦҲ䣿
һŽһֲֻȵ÷飬ĲҺЩһֻҲˣȴ½ס
Ѿɱһˡ½ٲɫûˡ
ǾҲ˵ûһڣ˵Լ½ʱҾˡ
ŵʱ΢ɤī˹
ïҲ˵
½Ƴһۻɣһ˹ȥȻߵīǰɵԨ˵ӵ
ศī˵һҪЪһٶǰвʿ޹ʱУвšں֮ɽԨӽģҾΣ㰵еһ󡣡
ԱԪӤԪǰ㱩Уߺе״
ī˵ͷƺ˫ԨӵȴΪǣ߿ܣй¶ܣᱻŵ֮ƣ޽Ѫ䣬ʦһĨЦұطڸԨӣԨ˽뿪һѰ̿ˡ
˷У½ٿï֡
ï˼Σչһ϶ΪһҲδɣԨҲʢ
ޣֻԴʿһжٲͬ޺޵ȻĿǰïּԨĶ֣ȴҲҪѩޡ
а취һҵԨ𣿡½ٲԣī㡣
ûˣԣֻ޷˹
½תï֣öòָܻ
ïٰ²˹󣬿Ҫá
һȥ½ٵȫȻĿԨһùɽȥ˵
ȵȣСùö˳ˣī񼱵ôΣգȥ
½ȴҲһۡ
īۣȴīסû¡
Сùã
¹磬һ˾һ˰ɡīǾһ飬Ҫ
תյҲҪȥϿȰɣ԰Ͱһ𣿡
յ˵ͷһǵȫġ
뵽룬ʵһǰΪȥҲ岻ְɣЦ롣
ľںͷ纣¥̸ʲô̸࣬ľıߵïָǰһݣҿλһǰȥСʦѾǰǹ֮йءɫȻ󼸾仰Դïֵ麣粻⣬ԨӣҪ
½ٱ⣬һۣޱߡ
һչ˺ģīСġïְοī񼸾䣬Ȼī㣬̾ʧǰ֮½١ľ뿪ˡ
ֻһ򣬽վ޷֪̽ǵڡ
򱱷ѩڱԶɽ
ΨبŲĲã


139 
ɽϲ, ɫתպڽȥ, סҪѨչ麣, 뻺, ԶԤں󣬲һ
⼸δԪ, ǳһķ
ǵԼѧķ, ȴ˵
ķԪһζأǹؼ汸ֲӯ, Ϊƽ, ½һֹ, ҲǺõġĽͣ㱧ŹһԵ̬ʼ˹
ܿ죬ͷתԼҲΪȻǳ, ҩ, ˹ʮСͽ麣֢֮ӯ֮ǰһ㡣
Զ, ԱĿѪݴУѪɫĹɣէһŵĻ⡣
ϸһ, 㷢ЩǴѪģϤûڣڼȡѪе£ԭïʢĲݴһ룬мɫѼ͸ɫױ󣬾ͻȫʧ
˹ŵҲǺ֡롣
𼰸Ԫֻ㹻ƶΪ壬ïֽãҩȱȽǣ˴麣𣬻õ²ָܻЩҩֻʮͻָ
Щҩƫƫ˲ãֲԪˣѶѣܻѪΪӻһ˲
ʱܿƣлʱҲȻ۳Ρ֮ǰΣɵ
ɵĹ˽ⲻ࣬ڴԵ֮ʱɵص㣬𷨹ưԵΪãչǷһ࣬ûЩʿܻ棬ʵǻģδš
һڳˣĪҲйأһ߾һ˼Щ
ʱһȥһѪҲʧۡ
˲䣬뿴һ˫ұɫͫĨɫܿȥָΪԱĻɫ
۾Լ˫ЩϤֵ֮ȴǼֺ⣬ɫ
ţ۽ǣЦԭġ
ԭƽʱ⣬Ƭֵ̺ѵĹйأ˵ķһǵһš
ȡȪеĻ飬ԼѪ֮࣬ͨʿ˷ȥԶ
üǶʸе棬֮ҡҡͷ⵹͹ûʲôϵеķӵȷǶһˡ
ΪΣֻ˵µ䲻ڣķǧ򻯣ԭʵ࣬޷ǼȡΪðˡ
û뵽ҲôءЦЦЩΣƬ̣֪Ļ⣬ĿڳüĵɰӦ츳ʵҲ֮ʹһеʲôԵɣҾͲˡ
˼˵ͷһֵǡε֪Լ츳ģʦ
Ϊ֮ʦλʦ֪ģ㣬Լ벻֪Լóý곤ͻȻʶһ֪
ֻ֪ԷԶаޣʦŵйϢǵǴսʱ½ٺ½ǻĩھĸ֡
ǲ඼ǧǰˡ
໯ʿԪ಻ǧ꣬Ƕ̶һǧ޵ûĩΪǧѹӦԪ
ʿȻܳʱ䱣ģɵԪľʱͻһϣغľģԷ˵۹Ƕϡ𽲹ľĴ˴֮ƸɽһΪףһǸ֪Լʱղִ࣬£ʱһɢȥȫΪӹ̽磬ΪȲϹºߣҲܶӻһʱ̡
ʮ꣬ԼҪһЩôдϵļ룬شٶʵ
ԶʿֻΪչ˵ǧûչҲǿԵϡ
ȴԹҡҡͷԣû
ܹϢʱԳԭͣʶɢʱûиܵ˿
뵽Ĵ𰸶Ʒϲ¶֮⡣
ǡ״̲סЦ̽ǵߴôʲôӣ㻹ô𣿡
ϵһһ˲Ժо͸ֳʵģѪһӿϡ
ҡҡشͷȴ㲻ʱʱص˱֮̾ͱһɶ޿ӣֻקס۸ŶԷſ񣬴Ӷ©۵һĻް
뻹ûϰܣȻĵױڴⲻ˽ӲֻûгܾãԵͣסˣͷȻſվ
̧ͷһͷı㣬Ȼ룬Ǹˡ
ȻЩδĻ⣬ɻûüڣͱţԶϲԵһԾ¡
ķһӶȥий١
һƬãã뻹ǵǰԼЩ׹ǰı̡
ֱȥûϵô룬ͷǲ䣬ڿҵķϡ
˷ԭʿȡУΪ˲Ϣĺάƽȡ
ʱȴչֱϣЩķûɰӰ죬գ۹Ǿͻصɽ
ɽɢŲӦǴǰսġ
ô쵽ģɽɤ¶Զ׼ľ̶̾ʱһ̹ûֵܼ
һ°ͣôǲǺ
˵ͷǰ˷ԭʱһΪǵʱƽԵʡ
ʵҲûʲôʿУ磬ƽʱķ˴ķȻҲԡЦɽ¼ķҶϣطȣֻƶһˡ
ԭˡ˼Ҳԣ
ȻֻҪʱ䡣ǣǰȥұϾ˼ǧ꣬ǶҪϤһ㡣
ԭôá
˶Ϊסǣʵҵľָ򱱷˷ԭɽҵļҵǡ
˳ָȥɽ±Ӧһ࣬Ϊѩ֮ʣĿԶҲ˵ɽѰ˼Ѻ˹Ҳ֪ʲôģסˣ
ԺҿԴȥע⵽ĺ棬ɽůúܣϴλȥ˼βȥҲ֪ûгЩ
һˣ
Щޣ½żȥ͡ƺʲôӣоԳĲԭҲѧ½ٵӣǽһԼĳǳأǶ磬ļĹܲ;Ϻֻ֮ܲǼһﻹЦҺþã˵ҵѱҲﶼ硣
뿴ɫеϧһҲ͵ҿٴЩȥ
ҲΪԼ˵ǸֺǱкܾá
΢΢һЦǣսЩҲǿЩһԺͲǧȥԴˡ
ǡֻ֣ĿůǲֳǳǳЦ⡣
ߵһ鱻ľʯǰɿ֣ǰȡöʯ棬󻭳һŽ
ʦóĻ֮󡣡ȳ뷢ʣͽҰһ£ָ㣬νǳ
ݣ˼ʱϿЩӵģУΨһʶģֻʱʧ˼䣬Щʵʡ
ʦ֣żҡÿҹúòãûʲôҪġ
ܵҲ˵϶УЩƽĻȴĵ׼΢ʹ
ḧı̾Ǹܺõˡ
ľʦ˵ʦǰл֮ǡ˶٣Ƿ˵ѰԨӵĵ𡣡
Ŷ˵
㽫ľĸһһת
ľʦ˵뿪Ƹɽʱ󷨲ٽβΪ٣ʦΪ뻯ʿܷǸ󡣡
򹴻һģ۵һĨ⣬ɿʱĨȴȿɽʲôɡ
ֻâһʯϺ۴ƮѪ󣬵Ӱѩϡ
ʱʱֵӰ޷չֳȫֻ㹻ԼҪġ
ź۵ʿϮ̡նɱһˣͻΧˣϿˡ
鴫пʽ΢
̣
ܾ˹ȡһʯͶڸӰֻܹõϿɣҲǺ˲ˡ
롰šһΪҪִ˾ͻȻһһһ֦֦ƣɢ˵Ϣ
ٲȻһѽ
ǣΪҪݸһľ
ЦЦ齣ˣպϰɣȻȲĲལȴҲ㹻ˡ
ԭһڡҥΪལľ°߳ʱ˳ֽҲˣĽƽɽ
̯֣Ĵܳһػ磬ӳմȾѪƵɫܵս⡣
ŸɽһǧŲ˥ôŪĻĵĻƵķǰʯ
ֻһ˲߹ڵϿ̳޴ƣâʢѪɫ͵ش̳˺ѩڴƬذйճӰ
д΢죬󣬳ͿмѪѩϡ
ӰǸԳһżѪס䣬ѩ´Ŀĺۼ
ϳǴǰ֮ԳӰ
Χлŵû뿪Ǳڴ˴
Ƶֻ˵ԼҴţû˵ڱĵطءЦ۵ȴѩ䣬˵˭ġ
˽һȻͬʱ鳯˹ȥ
ֻһ۾ס
ⲢѰԡս


140 
˷ԭѩŰ, ɽϸǾò, , ɱ, ɫ谵
ʿһֳĸﻷ, һ, ҡѵһͨ죬ҵײзﻷطɳֱü䱼ȥ, Ϯ;Уоչ, Ƶзﰿ졣һгһѽɫĹ, һ಻ϵεϣ޺ȴɱأǡôһ˹ʱ¶Ŀš
ȻƵòִϾǻĩڸ, ֮ϵѼ, ûһ˿ңɲǼͽɹһߡ
һ˺һЭ, ศ֯ܲ͸Χס
ӲǷﻷǱܵͻ˲仯н̴
ʿڻĩʿҲٮٮ, ꣬ȻŹ½Ķǵǿ˭Ҳðֻʱȴˡ
ȴֻһˣߵĳ񾳽磬ʲôв˵ۡ
һչ˳ġƶǽͳɽһһж۵ףǲ©Ƿݺڵ⡣
Ȼˣñֲˣǲɵ¶־Цݡ
һ˲δչ¶Цˡ
ֻһϮﻷ֮䣬Ӧĳӽӭ̺ǧ깦Ľ𻷣۵
һ죬֦ȵסǽ𻷣仹ڲסȴˣʿջһ빦
һǽ𻷾ԶԶ˳ȥԼҲЩ⣬ҪȥУǽڣԼΪвȻ˰ţȻﱾûʲôƣֻǡȻ˵ˣҾȥһкˡǺԥ̽
ɵ׼˭֪Էǿгع¾Ȳѣô£
ǲ㡣һȥԸǡ
䣬ͻȥΡ
áһףһ˲㣬ư׺磬Яǵٵʿ
½룡ʿɫ࣬һ߲ܿĽһƿڴĹεĶһС㸰ս
ԼĪŭģĻǰš
вСҺǲ̫ҪˣЩͽͽ֪ˣ²Ҫߵ¡ƮЦԼ˰ɣ۸ΪЦ
סڣ˺üۣһоͷԴԭأƵ˱𴦡
߱ǸǰΪ֮һϺպΪ񾳽ĸ֮һֻһ붴龳硣򽻹֣˱Ӧ൱˭֪׼ոдҪ֮٣ܣԴһֱڻΪܱѩޣ˭֪򾹻ʹֶΡ
򣬱תΪ˸ߣȴڲˣ˲ʲ֮ͽαҪĹ֡һڸͽǲ㡣
һͷͣңһᱲΪǼ˺
ȴԴ˳ţһڵ˹ȰҪԥ˺һںɣ˵ʲôԲǶϷˡ
ο˳־أȰ޷Ϊ˶Ը㶼벻
ǲ֮飬Ϊ
˼Ȱ˵޹㻻˶Բߣó롣ǵΪҪ׽ס벻£ƫƫǱڰУʱʱţʼ޷֡޷תȥѰټ֮ǲŷԼ͹򣬻͹˳롣
ɽХĿת磬ǸΪǿϣǿ׽˾ߵķ硣ȴƳ˷УУķܽƳ䲻⣬֪ڣÿһǴɱСǷһпܱ֡
ԭǴȼɱ׽ó룬гڣǷݶҪԹ˲Ͼ뵽򾹰ѳƳȥλĩڴܲԼ
о˭Ҫһ䡰޳ܡƫƫЧóȥһУ̽Էͼֻ˵һǲı㣬һ뵲ͼ֣˵ϸ
泹׷תöһ䲻ı˵ⲻʤţۼɫ谵Ƽѩ٣һϼƣʹгˡ
øӣֻѿ
һһһһӰʱֿһգ׷ȴ׷
ȵϢϺ󱳣һͱڿնϣʮɸߴͣס
ѧͦ죬ò˶þͿԷˡλо̾Һ½յÿˡ
˼ȻǷģ֮ǰ̽ʱԶô鶯
š봹ۣЩ죬׾ͱ硰츳šȵԴֹˮжʱһȸԾ֮У֮⣬Щ΢⡣֮Ƴһ·¿ѩϵĺۡ
ִһЩȻΪڼ֮شҵķУƽȼǾٲά衣
ʲôʵȻԭġ
΢΢һЦû˵ǰȻ͵£ָ
ɲǼ䣬ɢѩظĻһȼ𣬻ʣݺύɾ޴ƣѪɫѩдܳȥ֮ǰƳ˵Щ񣬵ǹģƶԶԶ
ľֻҵļ򣬴˴ȴȫȻסˣǵĲҽжһû
ҶɲȫΪ˿ϷЦ
渲Ƭ棬ȼúŽȥֻ¼סˣϵһǲûֻɥʧж
ע⵽ɽǣ߹ĸ˻棬һͿʼˣ
Ϣֶλ̫ˡ䶨ųصϣƳɻδɢͼ͵һʼͲ꣬ʱһᷢȲһ룬ȻǣסʱʣһҲúá
˵ͷɵöûпǹЩǱˮڡ
㹻ǿҲͲҪĲЩˡ̾˿˶ǻĩڸ֣ǽָûʤ㣬ֻðǸ
˵֮ߡҡҡͷ뵽һڵֵһ£ƺнͻսģ뵽Щģ
ҲżȻЦǰ½ٽ֣Ǵ򲻹һжµķǴںϣγסˡұ뽻ʱܾڶֱýһض뿼
롰šһ˵δȼĻ棬:ǣӦԣ
һĨ:ȻΪϡ
˷б뿪Ҳ³
仰򣬾ѽϵǰ޷κЩѽʣ޼ľȫҲֻͽ͡
Ĺε˭ţ̽Եһֻ֣ǳǳЦݺñȴһ㡣
ȴֵۣ鴤ŤҡңĹεңɱҰɣɱҰɣ
Ҳ϶ʼ˵ʲôֻ̫ᣬϸһҲɱ
ҪɱǣͶˣα˴¡Ŀɵúܣ·ֻںһһȦ̧Ƴĺ棬ЦݺȻЩƺЩԥĬƬ̣㽫ԶЩȻʯһ磬ΧС
濴ʲôΡ
ңҪȻ̤ǽС
Щ⣬˼˰󣬱Щ
Ѱ²ԷԼһƫƫɱԼ˵ٵĻǱµĴ
˿ġݣǽթԼŰ˵½룬Ҳֶβ̣ĥΪ֣޹֮Ҳ޷⡣
ԼĽ벻ǲԼĴܹ֪ＱӿĳֱϢ·Ԩ
ȻЩ䣬ľûи߹仹¡Ź滹ǳǵĽ̻壬ûƵĴڡ˵ĹҲ쳣ůɫ
ԭأҪޣȥ浽ڷʲôʼûһԼں£ǾûбҪ
ʱŴʱᣬɫ䰵תһȥˣонƽǲҺʲôʧˡ
Ӧý˰ɣ룬ֹ˺üʱſʼ
򱳳ֶϿһѪɫľǱסʿʧӰ١
糹ʧʿɢӿ˳ڳˮƵУŵ˵Ѫζ
õˡתɫ糣΢΢üͣ£˷Ҳüһصضһôûɢɾ
ЩЩΣһֺѲĽš
Ϊʲôƽؿеϲ
ڻͼƲɢѪû׳Ļϲʲô
ҧҧЩӣ벻ˣ˼޷ƿЩѭꡢѳΪܵķֵǡеӣ˵ϲĥˡ
ΪĬ̳⣬˭֪ԷȴŶһȻ˴֣һ߷߲ƽҵѾ𣿡
ţ˦˦ӣĵر㲻֪ǵжжѿҶס䣬ס۾ء
ΪʲôҪĥǣ˱顣
뿪ˣȴǺûһԾ֪ǵĴһ˦ӣֿʼ򣬿޲ʲôȫһ飬ŪΪʲô֪
Ƴ۳ɫּ˵ڱģҵȷǲеǰլʺȴҲ·ץ˾ͰƤ
Ķһ̶ԴǴսֶֻβ̣ѪɲҲ̶ãȴ֪壬ôʿδսţʵΪ֮ȻҲִˡ
һΪѪζ̫ءƲƲ죬Щί
ҡ˵ûУɻڣͼɫ΢䣬ֻһŻ¶Ͻȥ³ڳǰһŻɫµӡ
˹ӵǺмǳͫһޣ֪ζһ²ͬһˡ
ЩӦȴ˸ƣֻܵ˵ͷܿ죬׹
ԶʲôڿǼֻڱģޣǣβͣȼ档
ǻһ廿ޡĴ
ǼֻܵǸǰвֹһӰҴԶϹ
ΪһΪ֣߸ԪӤʿĸߴƤڣл״ͼڣɫ죬˸Ĺ
ʲôˣ
һͽͳΧסѱһ׼ǵʺ


141 
ɫ, ΢΢һ, , ȴֹס
, ԰ꡣв֪ʱһȣһһ, 赭дĽһ, ȻΪǻʿЦŻţλһڵĳ, ðλ, ֪λγƺ
һ, ܵտͥἰʱ裬һʶõӡЩϰߣʶŤͷȥ, ɻһ˿ԼûĲ
һ, ͵͵ûǴ㴢Ӧһöɫ, лͼƣͺϵһģȻ͡ ô˵, ֻȥѰöơ
ǳӣΪʿ˻֣ʾӵĿڳϣĵɰ䶨ɫͲ٣ֻЩȷšʱ˳еƣƬ̺еĳһɨգȡ֮һĨ˷ѽĿϲ峤ƣǳӣ
ֿһۣЩ֪룬ҲܵǹɷͬѰ
һ˲Ǽ˾һ
ӣҽоԣùɽһ塣ǰ峤ʱ뱾ԨԴѣҵȴڴӣڤڤ֮춨ܰǡ
ԨԴ뿴һۣת֤
˵£ӡǱīȻģҪ˵ԨԴҲӦ˲Ŷԡ
ȴûע⵽Ŀ⣬֧ӣԳΪԵ˳
һʱ뽩֣Լûʲô飬ΪǲԸֽӣҾްԣһˣ峤һ档
ǵ峤ǽ룿ڿڡ
עһֱڳϣߵӾ֪֣ЩԾĿжʱ˼ֽ
ùɽԶ֮ǰǵ¡˽͵ͬʱ볤룬Լ˵ϼ䡣
һͷˮȻ˵֮ͣҲѯʣԸ˵ͷţһġ
ԴǣǸس˹֣峤Ϊˣֻǡ
ǲ֪˵ȥĩֻ̾һü価ǳ֮ɫ
˵ѣǷʲôʵ
˵ؿ룬λһȥ·Һ˵
Щò⣬һ֮ȻҲܳΪ֮ףһʩԮ֣ӦӦʲô̬ȡ
а޵ĻӦòںЩɣ룬ѱȥҲ֪᲻ǡ
ɻûͷ˵˵ϺҲܷ紦ȥЪϢҲãӣΣ
ЩȣһۣʾԼӦ˵ͷ
Եʱϲɽһָλ
ߵĲǳɽʱߵ·ǽ˾ɽԶһѨУȥ󣬳뷢Сͨɽ£ֻǲصúΣָǷֲˡ
в࣬ó𰵺಻ϵıߡǰ·߸ʿڳң̬ȹٲȻǰǵϱ
Щɳȥ̽·ʱܻسԵͺȻܿԾ붴Ѩ
ǶһҪϤһʲôԾ֪˽ͣѯһڵ
ԭȥƸɽȴƸɽѾѩס
ǲ֪һС˰㡣ȻֻϧʱԹ˲Ͼ޷ǡ
ǵǺ塣ƤЦⲻЦ͵͵볤룬ȼ֮ΣȻҪ׷Ŵ򡣡
֪ʣٶȴһʱģҪ߳٣ͷܿԷ飬ţԭӵģ
ҡҡӣ͵͵סǽƻЦŻţҲһʱأڣҲֻһЩϼһﻹǵ˰ɡֽ͵Ŀǰ£һ˿ܻЩ鷳ͷ棬˳Ҳ̽һǵĵϸԨģǿ϶һЩ
ǵ֪Ԩ֪°߳£Եģһ㶼ⳤ߻˸ˡߣʿٶԳ벻ţһͬУΣ³׿ڳƶԷԼͬҲⲻҪɻһɾȴΪ⣬Կ޶˽⡣
һùɽҲֻߺ󣬲в뿪˷ԭȥ׷Ѱֶ̣û˵ԲĴ·Ҳ֮С
ΪʲôӦȥǣʵ
ᱻӰ죬һ˵ʲô
ԭ밵ãǱҶࡣЦɤ˵ǵģ𣿡
ҡҧҧ촽ԵЩãӦҪڴ˿̣ƺЩʱˡ
ûʲôϲʱ˵ġøұڣ볤麣еɤҲ͸һģ£ϲˣ˵ȥûʲôġ˳
ûпǹ̽Щ˵£ȻɱǣҪ̽ģû֮һģǰȥǲɡ
˳ĳɣпԼûĿա
Ӧòϲɱɣĵ
ԲŻǲϲǲ˵ǰ㣬ĥΪ֡
򲢲ĥΪ֣Űɱ߿ʣֻһִĿĵֶΣͲʲô˾鱨ô˸־ܣĳЩǲΪΥ˵
ǲŰʵڻٵĴһ
˵ȷǲںʶˣں
Ȼ¶ʱԼ뷨׽壬Ͼһڳġ
ϼն⳾ǣϵЩԿŹͽеĺȻƴڲ֪С
֮ûб̶ܴǵһڵĽ̻塣
ԲԨôԱν£Ļ㰴Ըͺˡ
鷳һЩ鷳һЩҲκʱôѪ롣
һ˶ĬԱ㿪ʼ̸Ϊλȥɽ
ԭǳȥ̽·Ļɽ쳣ӿǲŻǰȥһ
˳ں˼ΪӦ˵ԼǰμӼᣬһʱϣżУ˵Ҳǲ쳣ȥġ
Ҫ𣿡ͻȻЩϰڵģÿȥҪһ£ھԵĻû̫Ȥ
ȲˣҵһʱͲ壬ʡ鷳촽ƺЩԸǣе͵ЦֻܶˣֻǿסȥŪĳ嶯תȥѯʾԻһʲô¡
ԥؿһۣһ·붼û˵λԳŵĹ޾ϸҪѯһЩŹ֡
ע⵽еĲɣ΢΢һЦӲϲ˵
ûзԣԱ̾һҲΪʧǵĳͷɡ
һԣùɽػȻ޷뿪ùɽȴҲţһֱٶǰֽ̳׹صףɳʿѰһֱһ񣬴ΪңȻ޴Ѱá
һʱ򲻵ա֪ȥ򣬹ϵȻĴΣΨѼ̽١
ͻȻһգ˾˵а취֮нȳ峤ƺͬ⡣
峤ע⵽˵
һ˿ʹ˾鱻ܾûãùɽ˴Ⱥʿռͽ¯ܾǵĻȫѺʿ˳峤Ҳ˵游ȴս
ԭЩǲ⡣һ˿⡣
跨һڵͬʱһֱԨĶ򣬿Ԩʧһ㣬һϢޣЩʿ֪٣ЩƵЩɣҲֻǶͳʯѡ
ĽƸٹЩɣЩʯȥ·ܹ㣬ָɽǾȥһֱûѰüĿ
벻⼫֮ء
һùɽΣ򶼲֪ģȻֹһξȴûܲ쳣ϳʯɽ򣬶ԨļƻɽйأǵעʼϲӶɽĴƬԭ
ΪβɽׯʵѾһٶ꣬ǲ᲻֪ɣ
֪֮ˮϱʿһɽׯԿЦ˭֪ǲһġΪ׷һٶǰֻʣ¼ʮˣðˡ
⵹ҲǣǱѾãŸɹϵ˸ӣŪЦЦ󻰷һתΪҴȥ룿ýһЩ𣿡
Ϊ峤˵ӻתԵˣҾǣҲǹ
ŶҼǵóֻ˵йһ֮ԵĪǱ飿ȵȴ𵱳󴦴͸Źľٶ
һ𾪲ѣѯںδ
ǸΪʦЩһˣԲСðˡ
ʱ˵һ뿪ùɽùɽгúͳƵĹˡ
Ҳʵӳùɽʱ峤ֻ˵ӿܻﵽǣû˵ԭ򣬺֪һѣΪټӣûἰ
ʲôӡ𣿶Իһ壿Ȼ֪ʧ䣬ǱһԵ̬͵͵ͷֳڶžԣü΢ƺʲôʵôˣһֱﲻԾ𣿡
ҶԻûӡ󡣡Զžԣ͸ɻ󣬡ˣЩ졣
Ŷüת𾰞
ֻø߱Ŀüëĩзֲ棬޵ụ́ܶͷɫѰںڣԼ͸Щ죬ɫҲǳһЩ
һ£ǵõ볤һʱƵòһٶ䷢һжμģǵǺ«СϡǵöԷģ񾰞ɫģڻǣһˡðʸµķɫһкܶڱ𴦵Ǻټ
ûϵᱻһŵ⵹ǣֻһŻ
һȻ뿪ùɽûйˡ˷ԭӣɽظǵģһЩ׷ɱͶ·ˣһ޶⣬ڴ˶ӣֻҪЩ˷Ĳ뿪Ϳԡ
һڼǧǰùɽļһ˥䣬췢Ŀ˳ȻͬùɽӺͨ飬Ծǵĺ
˱ϾԺٻᱣЩżȽԵģ˵游һкüǺ췢Ƕ浱ʱ峤뿪ùɽ档ĿǰҲֻһҲлְɡͷ̾һᲹһ䣬ԺĻ
˵ʱѽǰľϸϣȷԼûмĲӦһ䡰ữΪĵġٶʲô𣿡
뿴űƸסֻϤʱԺЩһϤϤȴʼѰԴͷвֽ꣬ҧҧϸ룬Ϻشĸд
ȴ˲ĸ˼£𼱣벻ҲûϵǴչ鲻ֶ顣
ʱͣסͿ쵽ˡ
ǰһƬƽĺͷʲôһ·λǴʱӦɽףĵùɽǵӻǲС
Ի̤ˮУܿʧˮ£жʱȻں£εúܡ
༸˸ʩӱˮʱ˼öڰߵʯСǸһ˲ϵɽķͬȬֽʩʱķѹྫһ⣬Լʱߡ
;ס·ߣֳȥ̽·һ˴˽⣬㱻׷أҲ֮زز
Щʱų롣
뿴侲ʵʲôдϣûʲô飬ֻ͵Į
һ֪һ·ٲ˱ǣһСľ¶ˡĵƳ۳룬Գ
ôע⵽񣬳ͷʵ
˫ʱӳĺЦЦŴʱηɿһͷȻ󼸲ˮС
һĪ˸ҵķ˿ȥ׷ʣԷȴֻԼЦĩֻȽƲһߣŲˮС
˵ĺƣˮҲȵģԽ¶ԽߣԲûһֱǱˮԼĪʮɵһѷͣ£ָָʾⳤȹȥ
һխͨһֱǰ£Ȼ󽥽ֱ뿪ˮ棬ǰһ·ӳǰһտĶѨ
ӦɽУ涼ʯڣˮһڡ
ѨܰмʮΧϯضоڴֿɼ
İ˽ʰһԾһԲ͹
ÿ˶еҰޣɢݵϢ
ס֣Ů˵סǡ
ͣסˣھǼⲻһߴڳǰЦӲǰѳꪣǵĴ֮
ģŮ˻ǰϵͼӳŻɫȼһ㣬û򣬶ĿתǸ䵭İŮӣڼ
ǡӣ


142 
ùɽ, , żʯ, ܿͱҽû, Ϣޡ
ɫ״֮ϣĵԵٻ¶ȡ
ùɽĽ¯, ഫ˴ٻ֮±, Ϲ񽣽ڴ˴ɡ
׽Լ۽⡣
ϣһĹڻӺشն, Ƕһͣ, ͻ̷, û˸иҲû˸ҷ
Ƕ֪ĺǰ½¯
ٻ֮ͣο֮ϵĽٻ, 񶼿ܱ, οԭǷ֮ʿ
¯룬նʹĸ̨ԳΣ಻ϴܵ, ʼձһ㵭ɫ޷ֺ
ϣŮޱڱԵ, ľƵһ·ûκĶûκλۡ
ԨӣȻڿǸ̨ʲôڿ˶ƻ̫һ㣬ϢüֱһӰŶһۣǹȥˣ
ƽް
ҶϪ󣬱ϣĤДǣŵǷͬ죬Щ޶Ӱ죬
Ԩ˻ֹ֣סδڵĹάתʵҪòá
ܿ죬վɡҶϪ̵Ȼϻȴûбֳ㲻
ȥϢɡԨûʲô飬㰴ҸĿھ죬ͻƴ˿ƿ
ҶϪϲлȻԨٶȿǰʧӰ١
뿪󲻾ãϢԳΣԨת͸ЩɣĻ
ᡣɳƵɤԶñ´Լ࣬һֲɵĿǡ
ǱáԨٶԣ·Ű¶ɫ
ǰˡ

ǰŮӣ۵¶ӵ顣
롣
Ȼˡ
۽ϸƣ˿в˪ףԭͦεҲǲΪ˥ϣǱصѹţֱͦ
Ǳʯѹɣľѱǧٿףٶһ㸺һƬѩпܺȻ
ģ⡣Ȼϵ벻ܻǰһȴû뵽˹
ʿԶʤڷˣӲϲֻأʲǶ⣬ֱ˽𵤣ǵȻ˥ϡΪϾޣ㱻ˣΪ峤֮еʯҩֲճ㣬òʮˣȴ˪ƾ˼ɣ
һˣѨ϶͸ŨŨƣ룬ĿȻŻ棬Ҳ˿ûʻϢ
ȻţҲ˶ˡ
벻ǵõ֮£ȻϲǰŮ˭ɫؽгԼ֣ʶϣܸԼЩʾȴΪԼò仯̫ԵʣһĨ룬ϲ˰ɡԳЦЦҲϲԼˡ
֪ǰŮ˵ݣ㡰šһ
ʱԴӺ峤ɽ˳ӺŹӣǽǴˡ
˵ͷʾȥϢٶȿ롣
ʼûʲô飬֣Ҳû¶κ⵹ǺӡĳֺһҲ֪˵ʲôãһʱЩΡ
״ɵаЦ֪ʵڵ뿪ڣɲϤӵ˴һԲΪų߿ܣӶ⡣
ۼͼ볤뽻̸Щһн¶ҡȴвһĨܿº޺Цιȥǰ̤һ뵲Ȼģ˸񣬵ţǳӵѣ峤ʲôʳӣֱӺ˵
ע⵽ߵӣ˹İ׾ܾöԷͶ䶼ɢŲһϢ
ӵǸСͽܡ
ˣɵһ㶣ϱ¶ֳɣ¹رܡ
û˵꣬ͼ˵ͷֻ̾һǺðɣˣʵҲûʲôνˡ˵Ѩȥλ
ͳ̸ȥʱΧϢ˻̧ͷӵĿ뼸ۣɵԶЩ˱ջ߼Żѷ
峤ܾǵˣҲ̫Ȥ
򲻶ɫ˵״̬Уע⵽ԶǶԣиŮڷһᡣ
ǻῴЩʱˣҳѾ˰ɫٵطɫһ𣬱ĻɫȻʩ˱ɻǳŲ˶ˡ
Ƿֲ̫ˣ˼Ҫ۳˰ɣ롣
ԭһٶˣֻʮ߸ˡ߱ߵľʵʱҶȥʲô塣
ǰû·ûй⣬ǰڡ
ոһգĿĵعŶѡ
ֲòȥ̾һΣұЩʿץסĿвȱȥٿؽٻ𣬲ȥᶯһüͷ
ߵһʯǰֵסһݣʯڻֿһҡڶѷŲʯҩɢ˵µʪ䳱ʪȣ漸Գ֮Ϊɾ
ʯڴʱΧĲ˶˹¶Ľ顣
ǸڷĻŮӣֻ̧ͷƳһջĿ⣬עŻǰĻϡ
ӣΪҪʵŴǼд¶ĽƿߣŬװµӡ
룬ƺʯȤ
µع𴽽ǣĵطǱԤл˼
ע⵽Щ˵ľٶû¶ɫǳһĨЦ쳤߽ңʯºϣŵҡ
ŶһֵҿǺĽ
̾һѷѾδȡʯȻĽ
ҪʳһʿҪάģ˷ԭĵط̾ŴޣǾȥҲֻֻܿʱЯʯգȻɽˮһЩԱˣֻĹʱŻõöʯΪ
˵ʯ֮ģһѪҪ
޷
Ϊβֱ᣿ĿǰΪǵסǰɣ
ֻܿ峤һЩɡɫӵؿһʯڣŬҪˣԼڻɣǲǺ壬ҽʮ꣬ЩʿûҵǣԴҲûͻЩʯҲŲ˶ˣƵѰҳ·˵⣬ٸнؿһ۳룬пȴϡ
ʲôȻ˰ΣһһӣЩڣԼڡ
ȴʵҲԵɡ
ǡЦڽʲôЦ
ҲŪĳӶɫ͵һ廤꣬¶ʧֻǲ²⣬Ȼ㲻Եɡ
˵ţԴȡһᣬϳ죬ԭӦҲһֻжദʮ΢
µģֱپľᣬֻΪ̫أֻʣһЩƬΣѿǧΣʼղ׷ʲô뽫ȻһֻһԾƮɢֱӶ֡
תģ
Ѫ֯һ޼ʵʺ죬Ӱ糺лγѪɫ֮󣬾ɽѣӵ˿޺
бĪĻ棬૵ǾǵҼġ
ЩΪǻþĲпử棬ս
Ļ۵׶ʱֳһĨϲֻû˵ʲôĿתƺڵȴʲô
еսֻάƬ̾ɢˣúٶᣬеǽȻͬľ
ͬƣɲսһӣһ˶ڰǰЩԿŮӵıӰڽϵһȡָҲȡ£˿ٲк¡
ǵӰȻЩϤͬʱԼּ
ǸŮԭŻһжжˣֻһϮ£ͺ񡪡
ʱǸŮתȻɴƵһʣǿŮ˵
ʱһͬʱҲһŵۡ
ǳ
ȻоȫһеŮѹ꣬ԼĪʮ꣬ûɰ룬ɫƳôǺѰһɫҲӲɢº͵Ϣ۵ʼ̺Ц⡣
򲻻ϴǸŮ˳úͳ뼸һģһ
˵볤Ǹһģһ
˺һһ۳룬͵תס룬ʵ˭
״æȥסʱоٶȱ任ս³֡
Ӱɱѽѷ֡
Ѫϣֳ˿ЦնһһӰ
Ȼ䣬ע⵽ӵһ˫ɫͫͬʱЩѪǽ۳͡
ۣұɫѪ¶̵Ϣ
ת˲ŵĻգۼɢУûע⵽ȴˡ
ͬɫ
С
ЦżҪ벱ϵˣͷɵøһɺ⡣


143 
䲢ǲģ֮ˡֻѪ, ٻһ̶ϵ, ĽƺҶ, ˵ʹμһģһѪԵϵİ, Ҳпò
ʵ̫ˣٵżȻ
οмصŮ, ꡣ
׺ɣ, ϵĲµĲڱ𴦵ɽӶͷ, Ѫ粻֪˶ٴΡ
Ϲ֮˳һģһǲܵ£ǿĻֻʱܱһ, ÿֻ, вдὥʽ΢ǱҲۺϣ֮㲻
ɳǸŮˣȴһģ̳ģ˫ӡ
ǰٶ, ȥ, ۵׺һսָαİ, ˵ʲôĿģ
죬³ڣֱִ, ͼȴԺֺʱɫǺ켸Ҫʹȥ
Ӷݵʧѹ󣬿ľĳæſͬʱץסֱۣΪ۵׵һ˿ŭ⣬̧־һʹɿ֡
ûϵ֣޷֮°첲ָ޷۽ˤϣŲӾҿ
㣡һ۳룬Щ߳ŭǰ̤һһֻ̽룬ƺʣȴסֱȥ
ҺСֻĺ󱳾ײұڡ
ȫǿѹס˫ǳŭⲻȴ֪Ȱ⣬ʱ뵽ЩѪġˡ̲סϸش۾ͼЩʲô
ͷǡöϳĿ⡣һ˫ŮӽȻͬ۾
ŮĿů⣬ѩںӳʮһĺˮȴ΢Ĺžֱ׵ͶеһС
ͺñڣīɫпŽǺ͵ǣڡ
ͻȻ侲
һǲһ
ŭ޴ռݵ˼ָ̾һĬĬжȴеѹϵ޼
ӦǳĲ˺룬ԼҲи
ǹִøʯͷһε룬漴˹ǣڳЩҵҪˡ
ҧųĶ˵仰ģⴵ˼ʱסӣ·סţҶ
ǡ򷢳ЦֱһתʹӳĽѳȥȻ󲽿絽ǰ
ովɫЩѿԭʮֲ죬Ϊλӻ˼ɽžͿ˼ɵų˵ûסֱɻųӣλÿȥǽӵڻƵġ
ɢϢĳӣȴܣû˿ų⡣
˵Ĺϵزһ㡣
ҲѹӦôŻʹĲ롣
ɾǲµԷͳĹϵЩ⣬˹Źֵ£˶ǾŭΪǹȴŭԶʤھ㵡
ĪЩʲô
ֻǻûü˼ͼЩԼǾηһȴһǸͬʱһҩ˹
һʱ嶯뵽뻹ԼŬֵóϿһЩѹȥвҪĽͻҪģ˭
ǿҩû£һ۳룬鵭Įδ˿Ӱ죬ЦҡҡͷҲ֪ԭΪӼ˺˵뵽ʲô
㲻֪ζü㾹Ȼ֪
㣬һӦҪŭһ첲ǰ˸ž顣
ҲôӣЦЦ뵽ʲô
ҡҡͷֻǾ֡
˭Լһģһˣе֮֡ΣıɻռݣϾȥ˼ǸԼģͬˡ
ٶȴ۾߳㣬˫۾ɫǳˣ·ǰҹµѩԭմȾκ¶ȡ
ԭġ
뵽ǰԼɫΪλʱԷ۽˵
ԭ˼ԭɫԭ˹ʱɫ
ԿһĻʱ̲סһһ˼仰ĺ壬ʼ޷ȷ뵽֮ľٶӵ
ʱҪģɶԷͻȴʹ˴ʧˣͷһƬհףЩδüʳɻ
ѵǹģ뵽벻ɵĿһ
ѹֺɬӿʶĸоɽׯ⣬֪ʱҲˣ֪𣬱ؾʯѹͷ͸
Ҳ
ҧס´ĵҸһʡ
Ϊʲô۾ɫЩݻһģһ
ӵͶȥɻһƳɳȻͷɫڽëӰУİ
޷飬һǲ¡
ĵĪ뵽ʲôǱʸɻδ˻ȥ
²̸ĺʱĿɨڳͣ㿴룬֪ʲôʲôֻ֪ƾһӰҪʩԮ֣Ҳ̫ˡ
ѾɢˣɢȥǰżֵĶЩͬСĳһսĺǻһĵ۽⡣
ѪɫգϴȥԹޣɽع
Ҳ֪ݣֻ֪۽йء뿴ƮùɽΪĽ¯ԵǴ¯֮׽һֱѹ£һֱֻ峤һȴ֪ǴӺε֪
һ䷢Ļ꣬йαʣǲǰ꣬һЩıʣԶϵഫСֽȻ̼ǵûʹ󲿷ѲԵɣ峤ֻܸݾϲƵĻ棬֮¡
ϹʱڣΪۻ٣֮˵ӣұ죬֮Գڻ֮֡λʱһѲѰУҪһ˫ʧԵ񽣡
һϹʱڲǾסùɽסں֮ɽ
Ϊۻ٣Ǿ֮ϡ
ֻǧ꣬ùɽѰ֮ϢųΪһĽ¯ڡ
֮ϢʵĪǴ˴Ϊ֮أ
˵ͷŮ洴ڼĵ£֮Իãˡֻ򼫺Ů洴ֵһλڱϿգ˵ů飬ǵ׹ùɽΪһƬ𺣣Ǳ֮Ϣֺｨ˽¯
һΡۣ̾Ϣһĵرڶ֮ǣ֮Ѫ
󼸸֣벻üƽʱɲ֪ΪΣʱȴһŭ麣ڶս˫֣ǿѹǹĪĽ꣬ΪҪѪЩ֮Ѫ𣿡
ͻȻʣЩ⣬Ƭ̲ҡҡͷŮ洴ʱԼľѪҪģʵŮ派Ѫ
ͼֻǲģӵʶ֮ҲΪףʵʶŮһƾѪ
Ů̹ϵ֮һԶǺܱ֮⣬ȻһƾѪܶʶ
ҶǸӡӣƤӵЩ۾û˿ЩǶͨúܣʲôҪһšһмֳЦζ
һʣҲ¶ɫ˼κҡҡͷҾͲ֪ˣֻ֪ˣȻǶͶѪء
ϹʱԶҪ٣ҲѣȡůʳޣԻӵгߵĵλڲ죬Ѵ֮ټһ벿塣
ǷӣǸƭӡƲƲ죬гҲһ£ʵһ¶Դ֪飬ŻҪ֮ػ
Ŀⰵ˰ѵǡзԵģҲˡ
Ů派ѪԹͬ˽С
ʧ˺⣬һжˣյЩع硣
һʹΪ
ЩǸŮʲôϵһʵ˵Ҽǵõ۽ͬһ죬ѾˣαػҪΪѺˡ
ȴȻҲ۽ǳԻһ֮֡ԭһСֻ̮£Ҳ̶󣬲ײ֪˻ôһط
ɽӱǨùɽ಻⣬Ȼýӹ̣ǲɱ٣йαһֳ˵£ȴ֪飬˵שԭĺۼ
̰νʱʹùɽضɽҡҲѷ죬Ӳʱֵ¾ȻһС
һҪܽ롣˵ſ˳һۣǵ볤ӵơ
㵹Ǵ󷽡žͺܹء
峤һԭоöʱֻʣöֱΪ游ҳУֻʣһöˡ봹ۣбʹ֣ԭùɽ󣬿Ÿӣû뵽ϡ
Ƹɽ⣬ʧֱչأ޴ϵ
󣬳öƵȻ˹أұ㻹ɡ
ûȥӣǵӻŰɣҲĹϵԶС
ʲô뵽ǰ뵽ŮӺĻȻ˴𰸣Īһ񣿡
뿴һۣǾĶ˵ͷûһ񣬺һ죬һѽӦ⽣ǵ񡭡˶٣һżǸŮӣͳһģһ
ֲõʱŻ𾪣˼ĵڻһ˵ǹ˵Ҳûʲô⡣
ҽ¸游ҿᣬǱҲ۽Ⲣǻ幤ģǳŮ֣֮Żһϯ֮أֻǾ޷֪ǺˡƳһ۳룬ԭҲûоú֣ϾѾ£֮¶Ҫˡֱսģҿ˳ӣ˶ǿɰ룬͵񼸺һ޶
ʱǡû˳̣㻳ŮӵתߺˡԲŴںδ
ǵġϣȴɻ󣬰ôʲô֪Ӿ֪ϸô
ֻܿͽǵ׿Ͼʱ˿̣ǼƽЩʱ򣬼ֵߣýֺŮһģһұӦйŻҲҪ볤ùɽһת
ҡ¶ɵɫ̶Ƭ̣һ֪̫ණ˼Ҳ䡣
һ˼ԼŮӻʲôϵһ̲סȥɫô£ùɽΣǰţԼĪϤСﱻ뷨ģʴӡ
ȥʲô󶼻һƬ
ü˫ȻսҪ˵Щʲôʲô벻֧ڳԺľӣ򵥵ġҲ֪޷ɡ
˻޴룬һ»ص˼ǰѣľţĸоǺڰ֪δ֪ԼΪλԼ˭ЩͿˡ
ãŴӻҵ״̬߳Ȼ󿴵ظԼµţ֪һɽУЩƣÿһ鶼ʵ
ʱںһӵӰ϶ʱֳȻɫһץסֱۣˣ￴ǳú񡣡


144 
ǣͬʱ, , Ƴ, ָָ, ЩҪ峤˻رһ°ɡ
ڱ˵ĵָʹ, ȴ治ɫ, ˲֮ͽĪ˵Ǽʶ붼û, һʱסԼĪǷӦЩ, Էܿһϵ, мֲͷΪһ֮Ȼڴһ뵽ԷΪԼֻܿסӿͷǵջ
һԲңߵſ, ȴֱס
, еķţҿȸҵ΢΢һЦǱǸһŮ, ʲôǻǷ֮صĻϹ飬ùɽŪЩɡ
Щ, 룺Īڿǣ
ǰڳӣֲܾôˤŶȥֻ䵭Ǵ˾ĵӣҵ겻ܣ˰ΣҡǻᣬǴϷùɽ壬Ӧɡ
ζŶһ󻺲룬˵Ҽǵãһ壬Ǽǧǰ˰ɣ
ΣԼԷĲ⣬ɵñӡ
˵һ壬ʵ˲״Ҫ뿪ùɽ˰ɣȴ赭дرܿ⣬ϾùɽڲлԴչ鲻ʲô˼֮ոһգ긴һ꣬ܲ⼲ࡣ
˵ʲô뱻⻰ʹϲ¶һ˿ŭ⡣
ֲòϣԷ˵һ㶼û
淸µΪʲôҪɣǸŻѪʱԶȥֽȴԻԶŵӰ£ͱ֪Ҫһػһ⣬ܿģֻзڵʯԼ겻Ъķѩ
Ǻ䵥ɱ
Ϊˣǧǰڴ˾ռ춯󣬵ʱ峤Ż޷뿪ùɽ´ǲա
ˣһԣʹὥ˥֮˲ɺҩ޼¡׷峤뿪ˣ඼ṳ̂˷ԭΪ֧ŵ뿪ģҲʱ޶ࡣ
ı飬¶һỊ̃ɤͣȴްů⣺˵ǣǻϻķٶǰŽɣĲʵǾ˫ء
ʲôͫ͵ϵѪɫһȥ֪
Щʿ𷲽⣬Һǲͬνʼ磬Ͼ޹أˣ뿪ɡ
˵ֱ˳ȥ˦ҷ
һֱעľٶȻһֲǷʱתʵΪҪ˵ЩǸˣʲôŹô
Ѳ⡣ЦԨô໯ʿȴߣ⼸ǲܵ£ǹġ
룬˼㻳ǸŮǡ˵ͻȻסͣ˼һżԨߣ
ǶԴ൱İòʱĦα
ûԨŵǴнѣ˶ġ
ϵĳΪǰԲŮӵ棬ǴӺδͽ˲òϸ˼ˡ
󲿷ʿ˽ⷲ磬ԿΣ֪ϸ
ҲпùɽЩʿµģֻǱ˶ѡȲ˵ˣԼᴦġߵԱϢİ齱ߣѷĶƿմ£ո˵˭;Գ񡣡
һǾ仰׹˵Ǻ£ԲŻ֧롣
һģƵˡ뻺ʹڷ˼ȷϣʦ֣Ҳʦյĵһ״ӣ褡
леӵƽȻҲᱣò̽ƾܿչʱȻûпȥɢе죬Ӷʵĵӡ
̨壬𱻱ãԼĪͬΪһԵʣģ뿴ø
Ҳǲĺ췢߱Ŀɫϰ;Щֻûͼƣһʱû뵽
齥ϸ΢ЦⶼȻ޴棬ɫ࣬Ƹһ㺮˪
ʦ֡ʦ֡૵ͣ׽ȾѪ֮⡣
ˣ벻һɺֱϱ
ôˣʵɻųھͱͻ˹ȥ
ǰվȾ°ǿ̧ͷ˫Цӯӯǳдʱǲκθ飬¶
ĮȻӣԼ˼
롢롭
һһظԼֻ֣һ㱻ˮС
ֹһκԸָʱ򶼺ᣬżҲἤߡڿ࣬Σ⡣
ڡ
·˴˺޹ֻڴİƵġǲԡ
붼ɣǰɢɱϢˣǲšš󣬷Ѳ̧ߵſҡ
ȴδţĿת綾ţĵľ⡣
㡭ͼٶʣδ˵ȴͻȻ򲢷ڴڴüġ
˫ĮǳУֻӳǵ糺죬ƵĿ⣬룬Ͷ˼ңԶĵط˼ͣǴ˼ͣ

ôˡؿڵתԼü䣬ʲô𣿡
û˵Ȼɿų°͵֣תס䡣
ʱоΣգҧס´ЩڵͬʱָۣҪ
֪ΪʲôһԶԷϸܵ壬طʱй
̾һ
ԭģɿתֱסͷ볤ͷҸô죬Ҹô졭
ɱ֮Ȼɢʱ˿ȴһƣߵģ
ʲôô졣ƾţɫãոôˣ
ҡҡͷ̾һ
һ˲䣬˽볤麣ȥ鿴ͷֻˣһɻܽ⿪
һΪλԵ֮ԨΪʲôִͻһʲôϵ
ܻ˵롣
֪ǿгٷӡĺҲҲֻЩҲ麣١
ҶģïҽĺѣشĿʵ΢΢
ֻһգͲҡ
Գ̧ͷעŲԶʯ˼˲Ϣܿ죬˾
ֻҪԶǷ֮أԨҲû취֮üޣһҪٵ꣬㹻ʱıҳҲҪʱ룺Ȼ츳Զˣֻ»ΪУٹð꣬Ԩ±֮ƥУʱ㲻˿Ǳ
ڴ֮ǰһҪ۵һ˿ɱ⡣
ɿ֣Գ˿ȴ봹һԲ촽ü΢΢š˫ִսͷŶ¶䱸֪Լŵľٶ£ʱ¶Ǹı飬СסĿڣ˵һԲ𡱡
ǳĬµڵԼͣЦ̾Ҷ֪ôӺ˵𰡡
ȹųһϣȻ˵ûоܾԷЩ֪ղΪλô
Բڣֻ˵ͷ
״ЦЦұһг䶨ٸ㣬ʲô䶨ʱ򣬷粨˷ˣ˵˳ֻЦˡͣ´һ³ķӦżղһǰ㣬ΪͻȻ˸²⣬Ҫ֤ʵܻ˵㡣
ʲô²⣿ڳ
Ů񣬿תˡɫȻתѱǰʣѪԵиֻԽԽ󣬵˭ܶ϶⡣ңλνϵС
ǡҧҧЩŽɣΪʲôʱš
Ĳ²⣬Ӧ뿪ǰˡ
Ѱ˼ܣͱˡЦ뵽Ϊ룬ΪŮӳ⽣֮󣬵ܶϡЩɣֵ˵ȡģʵڤڤΪңһ
ΪʲôҪôңüⷬ͵ǺȴܾöԷʲô˵Ȼ
Ůйأ⽣йأǱйء̧ͷֹճһƬ¡һлңҲҪĶ
Ķ
ɫ԰Ƴһ۳üģֽ˽ɤһ˿ͳҪΪãƽ
ΪáһȻƸɽԵɣؿڵ£ɬ֮⣬ԨҪңҲΪ˵ʿҪġ
Ҫ֣ȴŷԼ־΢΢
ǵϸ΢ȴſתΪʮָۣҷʥͣȻ̰̾һͷע⵽ǰ´ҪҧѪеӿֳۺͲ̣ҺԨͬҶȻ˺㡣
ۣĵ˵˺ңҲˣǡԺкظֳЩѪǵӰ̶뵽ֹһα¶Ѫ̣һΣڸղš
ˣڲǹѹʱѰν
̫Σˣгɣء
Ϊſסνĳ嶯
붯ŭʱбĳһۣάƽ󣬶Ѫǣ˴еǶɫ۾˺۾ɫīɫصԸΪʲô۾һ
ࡪʦŵٴθڶϣ¶ȫƾжЩľкʲô˹ЩӦȻƶǷǣ
ԭﻹЩЦҹȻӦ½ٵĻѧſһƢ֮ǰһֱΪЩ
롰šһ͸оֱɿˣҲȻ¡
ȴٶƵ޷ִֺ٣ʵҲΪԱȻɣҲü˵ţԼﴦ¶΢Ц˵Ҳ㲻ƭ㣬ȷ츳ΪΡ
Ϊǳ⣬Ҳ˲þȣƬ̣ͷųһ
ͨжʿΪǸݶԷɢϢ߽ʱֻܴܵԹҪϸ̽ø֪Է麣ʿ˵Լ麣Ͼһڰŷŵڼ
֣Ҳʶƶ治ɫȣʵڻʿҲѷ֡룺ǻĩΪɡҲ֪ΪҪһ٣Ҫ鿴ѵ
һ˲Ͳŵۣʧ㣿Ϊλ
ѷͷ͵Ц
ǲǺ⣬ûƭ㣬츳


145 
ʿ˷֮, ڵ, Ϊ麣, ת, ӯƾɽ, 𵤽ԪӤ, ԪӤԪͬʱҲһ뷲̥, ֱ۵˽ܳܵķΧնϽ硣
麣δ͵ʿ, ﴦҲԶ֡
ĵȴʲôûС
ΪΣΪԼŪ, ŵٶ̽ʼն麣ĴڣһӦ֮ǰ˻ûãٿЦӯӯģ˵ģ, ҡ
ܿʶǿ, ֻǲԼǰ麣תȫѪС
ħˣͻȻ˵Ү, ǸԶᣬʿ಻ͬܿͳ, ǡ
˻ʱֵĶǻ˾ںףˮˣˣó
ȻˡӲˡЦЦ𴦣۵һĨζһ岻Ҫ켳ȡʹѪС
һ壿ɻ˭Ҳᣬһʲôط𣿡
ֱٺ󣬲û½磬ֻ½ϡѲӦڼǰŲǻǺĹ£ֻڴ˵ˡڼĺףӰ٣ڣһŻ񣬶½ϵĲ඼ںܾ֮ǰˡ
Ƹɽ֮˽ⲻ࣬ҲǴ֪ϴδЩһֱΪ񻹻½ġֻеŮ洴顣
ЩӰѪȻŮ洴飬ֵ㡢Ǻ;Щй𣿡
Ƴ۳רע䵽ü䣬̾һصģЩұ˵ػɡǰһڳǰ£סֵҿԸ㣬򲻿ɸߵˡ
ΪΣ
˽˲֮ѪʿѪҩֻΪǻڳԵִĵطŲھ¾Ҿ⣬֪ݣҪΪʸ֮ġЦȻгһΣһڣѸ¡
봹ۣԼֻ֣˵ͷ
ľٶУ֪ĿǰвӦ˸ӵٶȸֳ˿ۣ뵽Լ֮£ɵÿЦҡҡͷ
ֹⷬ˿׷˼Ƶġ
һĵطȻһ塢ΪŻңԣ˵һ壬ֻһطˣҶ˴˼伸ûʲôϵҲİ·꣬ͻ󶯸ɸꡣСشĦôʣһֺȴ㹻˵ķʽ˵
ʲôطʵû˵仹ĵط
һסأս
ӵΪҳûʲô壬ҲżȻ֪ͬǲǽҲö֪˶٣ڻ룬һżһ죬ֻͻѣҲУѹˡ
ѣ
ɱ¾̫أǴˡΪЦЦ㿴ЩˣҲҵɣֻǴû˵ЩҲûȷ
Ϊʲô۾ɫ
˴ϡ֣Żصͻָ˵⣬򴽣ض˼ֵ⣬֮ԸֻƸɽΪЯмöԹʯһָʵȫʢʱɽҲκβҡȫˡ
ڿߡ
ʣʯҲǰסʱȥڲŻᴦˣ۵׺ضһĨ⡣
֪գͲ顣
ǸȻȫȻǵõ֮£ô˵ǲڵǸ
Ƴ˫еĳϿңͷɢ֮ǵΣۣɤͣʵ㻹ʲô֪ô
ոǷδ̹ףȻ㲻˵ѣֻǿȥһ֣ڳ˵졣
Ѿ˵ģҲҪ˵ģǾĿǵ˵ǣҲ벻죬ˣضҪġ
˼ո˵ЩֻԭͷңϾȥע˫ǳһʣԽɻһ׳ʦֻ;йǳô񡣡
۵׸ֳһĨһ˿ײᣬȴº޺ιȥҲУҲûС췢Ŀڴ󲿷ֵطټҲûСԴһҲżȻ֪ǧǰʢһʱĲԺ췢Ϊ𣬾ΪգԵ屻ʱǣȻùɽܿҲ𴦡
ⷬһڿѣɣɳвԱ̲ص⣬˵Ӧˣᡰšһ̶ֵ˵ҪΪãƽҪβܰ쵽
ԭⲻհԭȻΣǴ΢Ļиܵѹ
֮˻ȻΪһжǴġ
̾һԴԱԵ˽̰οǧѰ٣ʱ˫ĺȴˣһ˲ЩڵΪ
ûŴðһڣ˿ǲǾͻеһЩأ
ȷʵ̰ڲལƽ֮ʱգİΣЩ֮ϡܰȻǼõģܣҲûʲôʱҳԣ㹻ȥѰӡ
ƲôԸ⻨һʱ䣬ʵ棬ϸµ˵Լ뷨㹻ʱȥǣȴֻܽĲʶ¶̰һǡ
ȷݱĿܹݳ֣κи
ŵһп޵װ㣬ڶϣˣҲкεȹЧ֪ܿҪģڻһѲ
ҲԨѾ֪ˣĿǰȷѹĵ׵Ĳ̣Ը侲ֻܲ²⣬ŮйأǺֹϵʱ޷ȷа취Ū
ָ͵һȻʶԼҪĲķϣɶԷȴɫ̸ۡ취Լ·ʲô⴦õĶһ㡣
ʲô취ָƽɤУҡ־˼֡
ЦЦƵõԼҪĴ𰸺ظ㣬ɣһ֮ǣʵָܻɣԨЩ߹һӵҲΪ塣СʦǱߣԻͨڣԨҪ㣬һҲûбҪͬŷѡ
򴽣ɫĮȻҪŪ塣
˻ľ̵ֻʱգֻ̽Ĺϵ
롰šһ
ֵ׼⣬֮ܵ
죿üɽͻ˲ֹ졣
ͽȻɿ֣Ƶģϸµؽ˷ԭȣ޷֧ų봫ֻͣǲͬϲҲܷͣҸʱһֻ뿪˷ԭķ϶࣬ҪศҲúôǾ뿪ʱԨǺľҲ׷ǡ
˵¸߰·ƽֿ֮ɵãȴĬʼյʹĺֳȻ֮⡣Ƽ˫۽֣򼸺ԿҪӵ뻳
ڲʱ򡪡侲غһƿĿ⣬ҳʹ
ʱȻһһת˲Ϊ֮ǰģһӳ˽磬漸ʮ˶˷Щ£Щǻֲ̿Σ
ʲô
üͷг˸񣬶ųĻָдʿûƺ׷ʲôˡ
ϲɫȴһ˿죬Īùɽзʲô
˼Ƭ̣ĿʲôƾǶ֮ƥУҴڴ˴ǳ֮ơ
û˵üڴ˴ȷǳ֮ƣ뿪ããѩԭȥﰲ
ƳΪѣԴȡһЩʲЯһݸЩͷɹǷȻδΥԼֻȲѣʱ뿪ùɽһӦ޴󰭣ȥɽׯݱܷͷڣǳƽɽׯдǡùɽ¯жԲߡ
ϻӺƣǳɣΪҪǡ
ǰλϲŭ޳Ϊֺ棬϶ֻ࣬ΪԷͳһΪ˵ãŸŭԣȴüͷҲһ¾͸ôҩ֡
ǡЦЦǳ޶ů⣬ǳǣҡ
󣬳Ļ̧һۡ
ίʵңͻ״֪Դ
ǰ˼Ȼ֪ȥЩʲô
֪Ҳ֪еıʣ֪ķưӿ
ʱ᲻ϲãͬҲûзա
Σһηͬʱȴûǰһǰŭȡ֮ȴǵصƣ롣
ǰĶԹһӰƽ֮Щ⣬ʵȴɲ⡪Ϊܾܿġ
ΪʲôأĬĬۣз̾Ϣ
ע⵽Ļ㱣ȴֻװ֪飬ע⵽֮ǰǸĻŮѲԭʵǸŮأ
鵱ѾѺˣһ֪δá
̶̹˿ࡣ
ǿ졣ƤЦⲻЦɣȥ⡣
ȥȴֹסȥһ˾ͿԣڴԺƬ̡
ĽŲһָͣỮϣȴҲ˵ʲôһԲͣס
ûлͷգ۾͸ȥ˹Ѻ˵ĵط֣˵Ľӹ˼֣޷֪˴ʲôͷǸȻܹʵŮˣмĳ˳ǡ
ʱ򣬾Ҫǵء£ִŮ˵֣Įעϵһ̺죬סĵסǴۼ
ӿ롣
Ů޴ʹֻֽŽԱס߾ȫҲֻͽ͡
뿴Ϊʹ͹һ˿̣ȴ޷ȥʲôԵǰΪֵһᡣ
̺ܿͽˣŮǰİ
ޱ鿴ɴϵĻһΪҽ۵֮һĮȻ
ֻǲ̲ס
ΣЦˣΪиľˡ
˵գȥǳЦ·ʲôûֻǹһƵġ
ͻȻڽסһʡ
ʳӵ¾ˣĴ˵
볤йأֻһҾЩ֡һ£׳ӵΪιӼŮӺ˷ŭֻΪͳӦòˡ
һ˲ɱⲻα
Ĭһ̾һҲ޷µûзһǰմλ÷ֲϵĵϣȻֻǲ²⣬˼
ǾԶǰϰף׼һʱԶԣǲķǣҲԶڣ׼ʬ޴棬¹ڣ
뵽ѪҲЩ
˼૵ʱŭӺζǳӡ
û˵꣬ȥֻһ°ıӰ
¯ϣԨ͵۾ԶķڣһĨѪɫƮ˲Ϣɢȵ¶С
֪ˡľȻɫϳһ˿ƣ侲Ҳּ֪ˡ
ҶϪɫһԼĺ㡣
ԨԸκηգΪֱʹ˶ҪѪƮζн֮ˡ
ΰ쵽ģСĪī߹
ʱúʯһĺ˿ڵ˵ʲô
ܲ³Լ麣һ˲Ҫ˵ĻԷʶռǾӣΪӹϵԵʣ޷Ӱ쵽ԨԨо
ȡʶˣΪ޷
˵Ԩɱӿ֮ҵġ
˵ֻƵƣʾ


146 
ȻѩźҲ, ɽеĶǴ͸, ȼյҲֻԸһЩ, ڹ߲ĴƬ, ֱĵס
ĿתŲԶԾĻ⣬žƵĺвʱ, Ǽ, ԣھκˡѳײԼں־أŲ, ǰԷĻȴǷι̵˺һӣȻϸ΢, ȴ㹻
, Ȼ˶Ľ̤;
̾һ
򲢲ڣټĶѨֻгһˣһϮİӰʱᱻ޴Ӱû
֪պʲôЭ飬ȴЯ뿪, ǰɽׯѰӻ, Ķͳ룬֮⣬ʱնȫ˵˴, кˮΪȻϣǾѵĲɻ˵, ˵ûжã½뿪ˡ
һȥʮգѶȫޡ
ӦȥŴ°ɣĵȴ϶ġ
һɫĻӡǣõڶ֮һҲΪӵһסԭɰ룬Ƥ߳Ѫ˵ӡܻȫɲʱǴĴʹȴĽꡣ
ʹʱʱأʱԺԲƣʱͷ­˺ѣ治壬ЩʹԴµӡǣΪԭͷʹ֢ʱ·ڽ𣬽Žһ飬ʱ򣬾ܲסʧȥʶҲܿᱻʹٶȻѡ
ȥ򣬿ɺܿͷ֣õĽ粻ֹⲿ룬޷뿪
⣬Ǳݣڣ
Ϊʲô
󣬳ǵϸ΢ĺһ˲ɢ֫ٺ
ֻ߻ԭȴŲ֪ʱٶϮĥ

İɣ
ôֻһˣأ
ԨƳһ۹ǰͷŵʿ
ʿǸܵĲ죬ΡΡ̧ͷȻصؿϵ棬ֻԪӤΪڶǰıʱü治˹ƶˣҡǱϳֻҡһ˳
Դӷ뵽ùɽԨɳ˴س룬ɽȴ⡣
֪ʱɽУ˵ǽߣȴû취һ
֪һ̤Уֻдתʼ޷ɽСӦ˻һնԼתʿѰ֮
Ҫƽֻܽһ緭飬նƻǸûôʱ䡣ٻ߼֮ɽٵһܱס˵ùɽµĽ¯ҲӰ졪̨ǽҪͷаա
һֻ֮ʣһץסȻ⿪
˭֪˷ԭξϤ͵Ϯ壬Ѱʿ಻ԡԸ˵ģ֮̾زز޷˷ԭеʿ׷ϡʮԨɳʿǵһ񣬷˲١
ÿ˶ȴ޿κΡ
ԨĵȻԪӤʿΪ΢أ̫࣬ڽվþѰӦ֮С
ʱڵʿСһۣú󿪿ڵӣʵħͷУ˵ҪҴ仰Ͱҷšˡ
˵ʲôԨޱ˼֡
ʿͽȻѹƵЩ˺һż˵ɽ
ŶǲԨЦ
˵ѾźãԼвأͻٵۣۡ۾ǡʿ亹乣ǡǳӡ
Ԩͫ͵һԭƽȻ޴棺ʲô۹ĶٲȻŭôң
ʿҳ㱻۷ڣŵ治̧ͷиɱ֪֮˶ãԼŲסʱǹͻȻʧˣǰѿһˡ
ԶԼʲôƵˡ
޵֮ɱͷԣ꣬Ԩѧ˴䲻ֻһ¾㱸ȴļһסȴ޶Բߣβŭա
֪աźޱĳ嶯һһټҧͲ
δȡؼʱԨҪȥ׾٣ʱ˭ûаһСӷУΪϣ⣬ȴΪݰ˲ʹĴۡʶףʱѾ̫ˡ
˵𣿡ſһﴦʵ
䣬ɫӾһϢɳƵɤֻԼ֪ˡ
ҲǡԨҲˣһǸӡ
͸壬޷Գ֮ȡ
ٻĵֶΣ֣֮Ҳ⡣
һˡ
ɽϣѩЪ޵ɫʣԵûɵģͻȻһ⻮ɫֻһӰɵػխıУ漴̾Ȼû´
ֻ糺ƬʢڱȾϻһɫʡ
Ѫݡ
ɽѰĵѪݣʱ룬˶飬ɽѪҲֹһϡ
Ѫݶ鲼ɽͷֻǺ˱ѩ¡
ȡһöɫڵϻķģƬѪݵöУΪƣܹɳѰʮ
ѪȻ̺Զ֮ͨʿ޷ֱӵãͬҮڵ֮ѪƵĻʿ˵ֻǾ綾ȴΪѪΪͬԵʣԿֱӽ仯Ϊá
ҲȻֻ־ˡЦǳɫһ
ʱȻԼἰѪݣʵûû뵽ıҵˡһյΣЩ£ʱֻƬ̣÷ǵ³
ٶʱӳĳɵ̾
⼸Ǵһ΢ìУһ棬ϣܹһЩΪֻڷ˿бԼһ棬֪ҲͲǳˡ
ܶһʱͺˣʱͰ½һйͺˣҲ䵽˱ľء
ʱ䲻ˣһҪǣԨЩ£Щģϣ½ٵ˼ʱ羡Լƿؾ档
ʧȥѪݺıߣ͸űǳһ˲Ȼ
ֻ˰
Ҫ۵ģԼģԼġ
ԶͻȻͬ򴽽ǵһĨЦء
һΣת˲ûݷУػرߴɵڵϣüЦԶɫӰ˸񣬿еѽԨӴݹ٣䲻Ҳء
ҹ˵ʲôԨûκζĻھ⡣
ǣӵֱˬԨ˵ƺ޾ɫ˹⵽ԨԶס
ʲôס
ܼ򵥡ֻҪҳһˣҾ̳󡣡
ƾʲôΪԼе̸Ԩ
ӼȻԼȻ˵һɷƵһڵãݻڣǵǿһˣϧҡҡͷͻƻͦѵء
һɽһ˾ǡ
ϣһͷɣۣ˼ܿٶչ¶ЦݣɽǲѣɽףӾͺ޹𣿡
ԨĬƬֵ̣λס룬ʱͻȻı⣬λš
ЦЦʱΪӻȻҪӡ֪ӵĿģҲ֪Ǳ⺦ǲؾƳԨɫӵҪģҲҪģΪηŽݾߣȥѰء
֪ġԨɫ˿ͣͼѰЩ
һ壬жЩˡ˵⴦Ԩüͷ΢΢һ֪ԼѰ˷򣬡ǿǲŲܡ
˶֪ʲôˡԨͻȻǰһˮӿ
һ˲ȴкƵĻԵ´ܳУԨпٳһ϶ǡ򣬻
Ԩ״΢΢һ䲻һס˭϶Է׼
Խƻһ޵ڶλᣬѰ˼ټȥ֮⣬ѿڵҪȥ˭
ȻԶȥԨĺʱЦ¶εӵǿܵءڷס죬ȴ˿ƽأȻԨ˵һ֡
ΪʲôԨӹһ˿Զ׼
Ϊʲô˶½ϲɱ޹ҪȡһֺԵɣЦ͸ֲпᣬӲҪ˵Ļҿˬ˰ɡ
Ԩûлػ¶˼ı飬ʱɽһͻΡʱԴһֱûʲôϺ¶֮ɫһ˲ԭֻʣһӰ
졣ͬȥ¶֮ɫ
ȻùɽʲôոյҲ
ԨģӦ֮£Īǻʲôڸʹӣ룬ȻܿͳһĨЦ
ˣǱôɡ䵽ϣ˼²վȣ̯ƣĵһ̾Ϣ
ɫϣѶһơ
ԨҪɷһ׼ȫƱҪˡ
ǿ»ѿٶȻΪѩС
аˣǶЩ㱡
ʱɣǰһµľǲֻһΣڵۣӶĻ棬˿Ҳֻǵεݡ
ͻȻܿ죬Ϥ㴫麣С
еĴ⣬ţǸ֣ϥϵҲ֪ս
ʱĵʹٶϮһ̴ٵֻδϰԵظǴͱҵĴʹǰĻⱻǵصȡڿ졣
Щͷʹһαһξңʱܵĳ̶ȺȼֵһᣬÿһʹʱҲصһˣܿͻӭʹĥ
ֹʱǾͷ
һĿۣ̽в룺ǲԲҪѹһЩ
ûãŷŵĲǱĵ棬ʲô˵ϣϤϢһֻĺԵѨλҪ˻Щٽʹ
򡭡૵ûǾƣߵٴαۡ
ҡϷɤ
һ
ȴʲôһ
ǰдشԺȻۣʶ뺣ԼٵѾ𣿡
ûСƳöһڵݵ뺣ɫԼһ˿˺ܲ鱨
ƫͷҪȥģȴ˫۵ߡ
ܿͺˡס룬һжõġ
۵ɤƹƻ


147 
ùɽ, ⱱһɽ, ɽ겻ЪĿ籩ѩ, һֱĽ˷ԭɽѩ, ùɽ಻⣬ɽ, ǰѩ, Ψһ޴İɫ
էһһ覴õİײϱ˸Ƶġʵһݣ, ֻƳлܡùɽߣɽѩԶʤ˷ԭط, ȻǶʿͻɽ۷ѩ, ùɽȫòȻҲ޷
ɽϺͣǶȴڳѩƮ붴, ת˲ͻˮǶ, Խ£һƬ, ҽڣʱлߴܳҪһɡ
û, ֮׹˷ԭΪۣγƬ𺣡
𺣱ӿΪٻȴ֮ϢǵʿͶУ̵档
ңԶĹȥȺڴ˴صķڻ֮ϣɾ޴󷨣ƣֻǻ۵ķ·棬Уѭ£ģǻһΨп󣬷ȡ¯ԴԴϵĻ
ķϣѻʯͳ𣬲ϱǣŷУֻһӴǻ⣬УΪһ֣ԴԴӿУһȻԼĪɸߣСɽƵģ汻⸲ǣģ
ϵĸ̨ϣÿĹʿļලάϵһȺʿùɽʮ˱Ͷ˻УЩóȴս֮Ŷ޷
ѲǵѾ˶ãҪãһʼ˷𷴿ЩѪ类ĥ⣬ֻڻججոһա
ֻǽƺ춯ʿԨҲ뿪ùɽЩȻ֪ʲôȴĵԼ
ۿһʯĴȵʿʵĴȥһ죬ɽ˼ΣȴǷס¯Ľ类飬ͨʯȻ£̳УһĨӰƵ˽
һ˲ֻӿ۾һٷϤ٣һ⡣
Щ˲ɵ÷һԺ̨϶һӰǸĸĶŮӣõѪƣȴһ糺ɫĳ
˾춯̸¯Ůӣ־ŭȵ̣
פʿ׷׸ַֻ֣һ£ҪȥȻʿɳѰҳ䣬ЩȥԨԸ£ʱùɽĽʿǿǱɷ׽һʱǰ
֮ȻϷƫƫͷʲôƵģǿ֪Ϊ
䣬֪졣
һϮصĲ£ҶϪ˵ձʱЯżϢ̱ȥڹʿһȣϣֻһ˲ɱ㽫Χס
ȴǸ̨ӰһΣֻŵһ΢Щһʿɴ۵ͷؿڣһ߽һΪһ˲˷м
ЩΧסķҲķѣԭΪӿռݵĵطʱͱÿտյ
ֻһͻЩɱһˡ
һ֮ƣԸ̨Ծ£ܿʿĹŴԭһڣǷϻвй˸һ㣬㽫Ƿ󳹵׻ȥһƳֻһֿɫɷףӲͣ
̶ὣʱɱ˲ٻˣЩֽη岻ѣвͣɱҡɱҡ
һ֮¶ʿޱ㻹ߡ
ǹһعµǵڴ˾ϣӲġ
ԣһɨڴ˾䶨ʱɫ԰ף漴סɫ
˾ʶ·ܣ֮ػǧֻ꣬һգ۾ӵѰֻ֮һֻмֵķѪһһ飬ϰγӻ˻α˵ֻǻûأͱɻɢˡ
̽һ壬ؽдʣеѪɫڷ߶²ӿ£ܿ죬Թǽ¸һ׹⣬âɢҲʧˡ
ͽ䱾ĽϰĿȾһ㶼ᣬЩǳԵתƷԭʯãֻеɲ⣬ֻЩ㽫Щȫˡ
ҶϪ־ɱˣˣɫʱȵƻԨӴƣ˵¯жʱķӿ˸Ų⣬һʱɳʯϤУѹмгǵ䣬Ƭײ⼸ʿ״֪ǾɱУǰ
̰γһûУԽԽӿΪѷ߲̾ҪǣֻһӽͿһ·ѪסЩƣȥ۵糸ҶϪǰһתһͷն䡣
ԼΪһױˣҶϪʱɫýǱò
ʱһӿˮƵģ˽¯е裬ҲеĽƵƫ˹ȥһתҪĵһ⣬̨վأɫĮȻȫȻû߹һģ
ŮԳΣһҶϪ˾ͶϣǷùɽ춯ϻԨӡ
̣ʲôֻһ֪̽﷢ʲôǽ¯еĹڱ𴦵ĻҲˣȻΪȴ⣬ùɽɱ䣬ȴǣǺιʣ
̳ĬƬ̣һʱһʱ
ͣԨҲ׷עȫеĽϣٿʱ־ڱصõЦ⣺ƾһˣвǵģ罫
Ѿ˼ѰʱͶβϲ
Ҳδء˵طִԼĿڡ
Ԩ˼״һԩ꣬˼ȻоҲҪһغ
ȴɫ糣γ͸ȴһѪ뿪ʱؿǣһѪߣ˲׹Ѫȫ˽УֻѪɫ뵣糺ɫ·һĨɫѳûĿڡ
Ԩȳ棬Ҳͼ죬Բ֮ǰˣһֻޱ޼ʵѹӿ˲
˫۾Ѿɫ
ҪˣۣĨԶȥıӰʵ
ͣ²ӣûлͷֻ̾ǰܲ
ֻһҪҴ뿪һûУ봹ۣȥ۵׵ƣƳϵ뺣Һһȥ
СȻǿɶǳġ
ȴǲҡ
ɫ˳תڳϵɨ֪ǲ㣿
ˣңǹ˼ҲŻᱻס̧ӣü΢͸ֹеĹִȴģһ˿΢ɼҰĻһҪúܶࡣ
üˣڴ˵Ⱥá˵ձתȥһֽͶûС
ҵʦСʦΣա򴽣ת
ȴֻһЦͷҲصڹۣҲ˲ˡδ䣬ڽǸڻһǴ磬˳ȥ
˲ϡĿģ۵ȴʲôӿã뺣һ¶һ˿ȻһһöƮƮС
͵ġ
ⶴǰ˴ԱΣʱܣˮͽĸ˳룬ֻǺ˽ףﵱ˲֮ǴȻŲóˡ
ι̵Ľ磬붼֪γȥֻǰһ裬˻һ档
ԼĪҪ̫࣬©
һöֻ׹ӿһ˲ںϡǺˮٶȸֳ飬ȻǾ仰еĲΪȻʱһʹۣǿԼ侲һ̽ȷڸ󣬶ʱһ׹ⱼȥ
ɽȥÿһξ룬Ҫȥ֪ķȷǰ·ûʿϢҲû˸٣żǰһʿٱǰѪǰʱһЩؼʱɵóķоͰϢķ֮ʿ˲֪٣Ч䷨Ϊ߹ʿҲᱻ١
ͣͣʱ·ԼĪ࣬ùɽź󣬱㲻·ɽ϶ȥҲ֪ãΪԨ±°סһ·϶ûʲôʿأƹɽԶԶƼһĨϤۡжʱһʯأֱֱñ˷âֻ˼գѧ˼֣Ȼ֪Ҫôܹ
ߵϮ۸ǰؾ쳣νֻһƮֱȡüģһն䣬ŻһʱһΪȴˣһŲסֻһ飬еĽЩ֡һϮţƷҪһ㡣
˵ʱʱ죬۷һǴػ硣
ʱһϤЦ
ЩŪǱŪĵӡ
ţҫɽѩʧɫϯͬ˶ס
ֻǰһΣ߻ָԼѲԭһεĶѨУΧɢʯâȥͲúõ
Ͳ֪ȥ򣬶ϻһ磬ϢʮϤ򵱳ָ·ԾѪĻ
ֻ㡣
һԺ˵ȴһģһĻ޴ۣѪɫ˵øɸɾҲͱ˳ȥ
ɽһ۾ƳùɽԶٹ˲ڲ٣ֱǶȥʱǰʿ򶷵Ϣֽ֣ǸƵ˹ȥ
ſһĨ°ɫ߶ΪԨЩʿһᣬУȴʶˡ
ԭҲԴһȻһѳסֱ۽һʯгһĨֻˮգ۾ͽ˵Ӱȥ
ţʿǼʯˣͣ׷ȥ
ǵӰʧڷѩ˲̾һô⣬أ
ĽߣҥҮ


148 
ۼϤն, Ԩӵı齥ʤȯתΪš
Ϊ˾, ް, ̲Ϊ, ǰѸˣ籩Ĺ¾㲻֮ء
ܣ
˫, е˭
, ȻĻ潥ȥ¶Ե, һ˽εĸֺ̨Ա, ˮƵȥ, ޵𣬿⣬ȻòϢҪƬԭ
֮Ƭ𺣣ʱٻ׷ӿ, , ȴֻڸߣ
ˣԨƬ, ۵׺رһϲ
ȻЩķȻȲͷЩ, Դ󹦸ɡ
Хŷ֮ͣתͷеɱ⽥ȥһɣȴһ˲¶Ȼ֮ɫ𣬼Ƶ̨ȥ
룡ԨϵͼȻŭ˫ǰһƣһƵĳϮȥ
һǧ깦ԼҲ޷࿹
ȴҲܣһһԾϸ̨ˣվһѪϣԭɢȥɷٶȾ£ӻ˻Σٶȸ߸Ծ˫ֳֽ嶼ǽһնȥͬȫɷһӿ¡
Ԩ̲סһУһξͱ̨һƳҲܲסӱǹɾ޴߸ƶߵķݣ׹𺣡Ԩɿڸ̨ϣɫʱɷףʱо¶־֡
ڳڶʱɿеĽֻ̨УֻСؽ⣬Ѫʱʱ̨ϵ⽻Ӧ
һ˲̨ٶɽҡԨ˹ȥҪγַ;ӿæ绤Ǳ˳ȥ
Х𣬲֪Ƿ̨Ѫɫ뵭ɫ⽻֯һͻȻɽ
ʯ׷ɣر¯񱻿ľסеһжŤű಻ϵĺһʤһأɷӿƷ֮ˮʿǷ׷ſ磬ûſһ㣬̱飬ķѣ̨Ҳڼѳ飬ȺС
ذӿɽػܣǡмصƽټ١
ôˣïָȵ
ֻѩһ𣬽Сնպˡ
½ٰסֱùɽ˲õĶǣֹһ
ֻŻᱬ
򣬻ǡѣϲἰԷʱûʲôɫʱɫǰδеأͷһī㣬˹üߴٵĻջǱ˻ȥ
ԨɽϣιƣȻ˵϶ྫ⿪úķѲʱաī㾫ͨѪһԨľѪïԴΪʩǿ»ڰ⡣
īͷסͷҲܲٲȻʩĽҪͷïֻԲ״ţֻƾĵӡ
ÿһЩаԼԼɫֻ֮ԡ
ʲô
ۣԼڼʯͷ£ԴһʹӦûˣֵסϵʯͷһ˲Ƴϸһ㵭Ļ⣬۵׶ʱӹһĨӵ
ͺ֮ǰһǴػ𱣻
ΪʲôҪңҪϮסۣıһ¡죬Ŭѹ£ƿǼʯͷƬ߳
ǵȻҲ㵵ۡ
ǵǰԼڱԭ֮ϣҮס˿ȴǵ˵ص˹ĴɢĻǣڵʯԶǽٻŰưɫĺţ֮ڻ
ͷϵİɫһѩףӦԴȥһ˲۵ӹһĨɫ
޷С
£ҪңȴֻƬ̣һӣڣ̽
ܿ죬ǰкȥǸ£Үһֻץסһѷ죬ͱϣȻУǴССˣһٽɽ罫ԼסС
˴޷УȫٻиҪǻûȻһʱݣкľʱ򣬳Ҫߣ̧ͷ̽ӣһϲ;˺Եúܣټٻӿͼסһ
ֳһסҮҪһ֮¾ûֺ
ԭЩٻ·ƵģڲϽҮ³붨˶ģһʱɳϻһסҮĻȥһҮĻһʱɢȥʱһ͵һᣬ㽫ҮҮһ̤ʵأл˲ϳƾԶµķȥžͼѹ»˳ƵĴȥܵÿ죬Ҫһȥɡ
û죬ʱһ㶣ûü㿪ڵĻɣܿ
ʱҮ룬һΣ㽫ǻ˻ȥãδʣµôϮ㡣
ҡҡͷƳʱʱĻ⣬¶ʱȻҮҲע⵽һ㵭Ļ⣬Ȼԭʩ㻤ֲá
ͬǽٻ𣬱㲻亦
ģҮһʩĨȥƺۣһܡ
Ҳ֪ڵ¡
ʱҮס䣬Ү˵µ·ԨϷסԼ뿪ֻ
ش𣬾ùɽǴ಻Ȼһ췭ظʱ
һҮ㷢˶һ߰ɫ֪˵޷УҲûԱ㷢յңҲ֪ô¡뵽ʲôһ̯Ķһӵľӡ
˻ľʱ죬һ֣ǶµǴɸߣ״ҮĪ
ķ龳編Ҳ޷һƬɽضЩٻӦմȾеİԵ֮ϢҪ̲ͬΪİ˻ľ
Ƴ˻ľֻ麣ʲôʶһڵöͬڵľӣȻ
Ү״ַܵѣǸЦЦ㽫˻ľ𣬵취뿪ɡ
⾵ӡ˻ľȴ˼ǲҵ
򣿡Үɵ롰šһü룬ֿ˿ܵĻǣЩò⡣
ڳ봫ŸʱʵҲŸĽƺҮԼѸ֪£Һʱǰӡ
ҮȴܾóЩŹ֣ἰʱûŭ⣬ȴҲûʲôΣм͸飬Ƶġ
㻹𣿡Ү̽
죬ĬòҪһЩ¡
ж»ΪʲôҪΪʲôҪ
뵽áֻ֣ɬӿͷ˼ܡ
Үۣ԰׵¶ľѹһ̲ססֵǲʲô㲻ˣ봹ײֵһӻˮ˭²͸ʲôôû㣬̶֪ѨҲҪһҪ컵Ҳϰ˵ҵˣҰ
ʱԹ벻飬üĨһˣһѻȥο¶ˣȫȻԼֹһα򼸾伤ñԶԡ
֮⣬δԴ˲Ǹһ㾴ηǸʦŹ棬Ү̹ȳϵԳԾȻ£֪ԼҮȽ˿Ե裬Үİ֣֪Էǲ֪ļƻԶһֱһֽ䱸ɫϿңκηܣʧֶʱĵ׺ظּֿοЩ˼س֣Ȼлл
֮ѰһԶ£ᱻŵĿյأҮȡ˻ľһʯڵϿطЩĺʱ̻ͼƣʵЩͼʲô
Үֲͣд֣Ϲ壬ˣǵġ첻
һ£ֹȻˣһͼſ̻ǲģںһƬ֪ͣ¶˼Ƭֵ̣Ҳᡣ
ʲôҮһһ٣Ƭ̺ȴ˼ԭˣֲ뵽ʹ˻ľķӡ
㲻֪
Լ¡Үüǰֻ֪½ʶģͬã˵ǳһĻҲ֡Ƭ̺ءһȻթң
ôʵ
㱻ڱĿ䣬ϵãȴ˵Ҫһһֽ͸һʿ꣬Үջһȭҵָ˵ȥ
ô૵Ϊβࡣ
Үȴ̾һˣʱδָϦģ֪ССʿģҪץúʡ
Ľƶ꣬µҲһˣ˵óվУûз۵
ΣգĻɢȥָΪǴС磬ƯǰҮ˻ľһԾУΧȦ϶ֳɫ⣬תǴػϣú󣬾кģӰӡ
ƺˣһϸȴȥҮ˻ľָһӦǸ򣬲ңҲֻ̽࣬߿ˡ
첽ȥҮȵҡ˵ĨȥϺۼ׷ϳУЩٻ𲻺öԸɱƲҡ˵ͷᡰšһ
ҮָķǶǵȥʱλùɽϣôһҪȥùɽˣһҮŷӦѨߣȻڳӻ´Ԩʱֻ۷ҪȥֻӲͷƤ
һ·òʳ䷢ʲôȻ벻˵֪ǳĬԶԣ˸ûȤĴŰʱʯУʵɲһֱȥԼҪƷˣֻ߶߶˵Լľ
ԭͬ;ǰɽׯˣЩ˸ƣ벻ãǰ;ޣͬǻȥԼϣɽغͻȻʧȥӰΪԼˣż֮±ߴ̽ܿͲʿƵûв֣ԼԨϳһʱ뿪˭֪ȥ·Ѿסֻܽϣںܻܿڸϡ
;˴ϢɻûüȥȴʿȻ˳롣
Թ˵ͣûֳٲʱ˼
Ǽһ࣬µҲָֻˡ̾˿
ȴСʦǣΪʲô
ҮüͷǻһţһΪ֪ʱʶΪģʱʱæûжʣóĿﲻһĪ飿
Ҳ֪һӦȴ̸ã뵽ǰдеĲͲ¼ɣһУһһǣʹ
ɫ죬ҮеڵСʦʧһҶûĺۼܿǷң跨˦˰ɡ
û˵ʲôƬֵʲô취ֱӴﴫͳ˷ԭ𣿡
ôܣҮ·ʳ⣬ִ۲ŵ˷ԭѷն䣬һֱû´ԭò쿪ⷨ߰ɣ˶ֵҲ̫ˣҪʮУʱ䣬Ҳ߳ȥˡ
ɫһ촽˶˵ʲôվʲôû˵
޷ѩţȻܷУųҪҪ࣬ԼĪգҮǶѽùɽУܵĻ
ԭд棬Щͬĺһ㣬ȴѳڻеĹµػתܿǰҮǰ·ʱͻȻθߣԽСɽƵʯѣǾǲһƽС
שʯкƽٲȻԽ֣֮ԼĪ֮ǰˣмһζѣ·ʯ뿪Ƭ𺣡
ֻ·ϣҲö٣ССʯõǣ޷У·鷳һӣǰ·ȴˡ
Ƿʯȴնƣ޷ҮóȻð˻ľһ
ϵøǱ˻ľѣһ𱬷룬ȰͷȴϸǿʯʲôƵģѻɽʯɨһƴİ۶ʱ¶˳
ʲôɵȡһöƣǰС
ǰ۾غϣһ˿϶ûУĻһˮƵնϷ֮նƾʧˣȷʵټĵá
ջƣȥ
ǰ״Ǻϣ뵽˵Ǹƾܽ
޵úܷ԰Ų棬׺Ի겻һɶߵĵ
ǵҮһǵɣ½Ϊ޼ָ֮ͷһͷѪȴôһ飬Ȼ˶޾һʱҲ˵
˭ʵĿȴڵдԿ̵ϣһξһλҪţ죡
ɳȴֻһ񣬾ͼȥҲ֪ԼΪż
ŮӺһģһҲֻЩ棬˿ȴУ·ȴ˺ܾõ£Գ𡪡֮߳ǰͿѡ
СĺܿǰһǰУ󲻵ǷնȫȻʧ˽ȥ
Ϥӳǰ

һģһͬһģӡ
ǲ
⡭
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Үûüģ, ;ͳһԲ˳ȥ, , Ҳֻ׷ȥ
ųصնű󻺻, ʱһ亹, ֱңĵȻֻƣԼһ, ¾ҪˡٿǰϮһξʧһź˲ϱԹ, æ, ȥǰֳ뾹Ȼö棬֣ôˣôͻȻ˻Ƶģ
סҪڵϵƺ, ŲǼǰһơСһʯ
й԰, ûЩѻɽ䱦տģҲһ, Զΰվһ߶ߵķ̨ϣͨ˲, ǸŮӣһͬɵĳ
פǰ̽֡
ҮΪҪȥǰѽȴḧԽָ̽⣬Ȼת֣סǵֱҪȥסֻƵġ
롭ԭҮעⶼڳϣʱע⵽ǵʱһ
ŮӾͳ볤һģһ
˶ûɰ룬ӻΣͳһޡ
ǳҲڣҮҪΪݺʲô
˭Ϊʲô㳤һģһ㣿ʵȲ֪£ԼԿĵ׺档
ȴ·ûĻһ㣬ͷǵڵնΪһĨлԽǧ꣬૵⡭
΢΢ܲľ޴
Үüûмģἰʱ˾ҵĶҡ
įѹʱҲǵġ
ǰ룬ȻģҮϤģֹȴһˡ
˭Ŀһ˿裬ִ˰˻ľ֣һֻ̽ȥɻûӣһֲֻסüģ¶ʹ֮ɫ
Үһһʱ֪ǺãֻƬԥѹڵأȻŬҧأԲʹĵͺ۽ָڷףܿ죬򶼹סͷʼ졣
üģ·ҪǴҮСͷʹ֢֮ʱӦ֣ȻĬָЯһˮɫ⣬ĵȥ
һûͬҲó궯飬˵ʱûҵκóİ취ʱʩչֻг벻ôܡ
һ˲һɽڳߣöɵķӡѲƣ㷢ǽԳ麣ģһڲɢŽ࣬ǷӡϵѺҲԽԽ麣·ʲôҪ֮
ҮһѹסǹɽȻ̽һǽ˲ͻޣһ㲨
δʶȻΥĽ⣬ۣʼǷӡҪ飬ϾԳӿ˫˻ľǰһơ
ʱ;ϯƲɵް˻ľ໤ҮԼգ۾ҪǧΡ
ɾҲֻ֧һʱһ֮ϵǰǵֿ΢Ű˻ľֱ۱ѹûٹ˶ãǾӾҪֶ
ǺãѵվҪ
޲֮ʣ˻ľĺ˸ˮƣΪڵµԵʣǵӰҲӳڰ˻ľС
Үð˻ľеͻȻ˱仯ʱһģӰԾԾһ˲ҮһᣬǿҵĽƽϢ
Ү¿ǽٵشһ;㷢վЩѡ
ûйһߵʱ򣬿ǰΣռոǽѹôԱֹʵһյ蹦ûУȴԼ;ϻأֻһ߾Ҳز
⡢ô¡ϢƽȣסͷԲǿѰؼǣ˿˻ľѾȥҲػڣаⶼޣǵӳˮƷ·ֹƵġ
Ŀ䵽Զ˫Ŀڵϣæ߹ȥе룡룡ôˡ
˼ȴһ㷴Ӧޣһæ̽ȥ鿴ֶԷϢڣֻ˹ȥųһŰ˻ľڳ£ĿڵתһȦϵĵϡ
ֻƽͣ΢һĨǳЦ˫΢էƽеĳϸһƣĿȴûڽϣ͸ǳͶңԶĵط
ǵʱúͳһģһϸϸ־ûôˡ
ѵۺʱһĮӣŮӿȴºͣЦ⣬ƴһ㡣
ǳ롭ҮƳŮеĽƽϢǰһ˲԰˻ľԾӰ
ȻģϡóŮ˵ΣִһϸǽӰ̧һ㣬֮ǹѹʧˡ
ոգ㣿Ү͸ãȻʱƳµķ̨ģӹ־㵡
ԭʲôûСһ˼Ȼ򣬶˿ºʩոƻصı¶
ѵʲôܲɣ߿Ƕģſ˼У̲סһٶ¶ŵɫ
Ҫع磬ҲãҲգ˭޷ֹ
ӵ̾ϢŮ˵ɤ飬ȴǾ飬Ҫ串ܻа취ġ
Цģ·ܰһС
֮ǰ㳤õĳĬӵٶ𣬲ʱòƣޱϲΨл
ʱ£һꡭ
Ƴ̾Уɫˣ뷢Լڵĸ¥УǽԼųǧΧµķâɢź⣬ʱҪѪ
һҲ̽Ҫסʲôһ˲ȴһ仨ǽš
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ǵɤиǻǰץסһյֻûһб㶼ʧˡ
Ļ٣һ˫۾۵ұɫѪĹ⡣
˫۾ǰֳŪ·ڳЦˣҲڳЦ
Үһһ鿴ģ𵱳ҪԼھɽ£ɫʱ΢΢һ䣬Ťͷ룬ԥһһְֳ˻ľһֵסüɰ
ʱ㷢һٶȿø૵Ӧʮ꣬ǲʱԭһжй
ʱȻ΢춯ȴǳˡֻɫףؿ΢۾ֱǰδجг롣Ү״е㻹𣿻𣿡ͬʱ̽Ҫһѣһ˲ȴӭ뾹ɷ˵ͳ˽ʧ֮ǰҮһƫܿǽס֣Ⱦϼŭô£ҿû㣡
ʱƲע⵽Ŀ䶨͸ãȻҮô⡭
Ү˵ۣѣǰǱķӡȻˡһӡ֣ӶʱһҮۼֿס
ֱֱǰڵȥò飬ۿȴ⣬ŽҪѽ飬ճȭָĽǴ۳Ѫ˫ƺҪ˵ʲôջһԲҧס´ýԼʱ͸Ѫɫ
ҮĿתǳĬǵģһ߽п಻룺ôôùһйô죿һȴۣһμǰòСĽֵʱʱķŭ𾪲ѣʱȻɫƽһԲҮȴ˫п˱ȺХ֮ʵĺ˻Ҫӿ
ʱҮܵʧͷŭʱȴıʹ;Թ߶ļʹ
ȥ룬һԷͻˤĴ㣬֧顣
롭ʩͼͬʱСο̫࣬侲òã
³ʧأһֶ򣬳ȴƭһΣΣڣǵΡ
ÿֶ·ľȫŵ˵ڵģ󣬲ҮӦͷ֣Ҫߡ
ȵȣҮæסһָǵǲʶˣ
Ƴ۵Ժжʱֳج֮ڶЩ۵ӹһ˿ɻ󣬲ܿͱѹ£֪
ʱ㺰⡣Үȴô᲻ʶ
ҡüֻǵõʱججģǲܿư㱼ΪʲôȴôҲ벻ͨͷʹ֢Щһ·ȴ֪Եɡ
һֱʼǱڹǸ˼ˣʱŭһ˦Ү֣Ҳ֪Ҳ˵Ǳɡ
۽⣬½֪
ȴףԼһ۶ûпǰѽһţ߾Ͳǵϣһ̶û뿪
Ҿģ˭
ЩδȴĪϤӹһֻ㱣ȻɽڣŮӻһ̬ʧأԼ侲˼飬ӦȥŶ֪
һͿЩʲôȴ֪ڿƲ˺ҵͬʱĻҲǳ֡
뵽ЩȻǻڶϵı֤ԣһĨʹеĽֽɣƬ̺ЩʹͰûڶ˾
Ү̾һʵ롪ɻû˵꣬Ͷϳ
ҮʱֱˣһԲȺƴЦһĵǼһﲻ⣬Ȼؿӿ¶û˵
뼤ŭ룬ûȥͼֻǰⲻǽǵ˵֡
ùɽΪ˷ԭ֮ɽƽ֮ʣȡ֮Ϣ۽⣬һǨӴɽ֮ԽȻԻۣ֣ɽٷ֮ˮȡˮΪϣΪ
˵ùɽġ
Үȴ˵һŮ˵֡
üúһ֮ͼʵ֪
ҮָָǷ̨мģֺƽ⣬Ƿ˽ǡ˶٣Ŀ¶֮ɫԼЩţҲ˼ֺӡ
˵֪ܷ˼ҿ˺ü飬ûҡһָмһУ˵һ˳еѰҩ˻˵ȰǷʦں֮ɽֵ֮Ч˵
봹Үϵһһ˵
ھɽұɹǣһ嶼޷ɷýʱ»Ű꣬ڳԵɺ֮µðڵرþУǧֻ֮࣬Է֮һǻþһ죬ʶʱĽƳҩȻء
Ƿ֮ȴ֮ϣ챱ϴսʱ£һ˱㽫ȫˡ
ԭ૵ԨƬޣͷ˼Լָ⡣
ʱֵȷ̽磬ȴû˵Ӵʧ
Ϊй
ĵٶȿĿж˼˼
챾ɹǣʱսѵһĹͷϾģͣòɡҮ֣ͣȾϲ̵ɫ֮󡭡⡭
֪˽¯۽ɡ㱵֪һ㡣
ɱ˰µˣǵѪҵ׽Ϊ֮
ҮƶйأĻû¶֮ɫ˼κŵұΪתضɢ޷ת˵ĴۣǶֻء
ֻء뿴ſƺԼһģһʵȴȻͬ˭
ҲǳھɽɣҮȻʵ˵ͷֵ˶ꣿ
벻֪Ϊʵʮ
Үüͷ֪ʱҼ԰˻ľ֮ˮ˾ɽһ˳Уһ⣬ǼΪʬȴ˾ɽԷ
Ҳ֪ٶԳãΪʲôҪǣ
ҮԥһҲΪ㡭ַɿǰܾãĶֻ̣ǺǱ˽˻ľŻС
Ԩӡ뵽ǰǰԵջ˲ƽ
ɣҲԼѵĵ͸ɣҮɻ˼Ƭ̣ʲôɫһѿڵĪǧǰ
˵꣬ºҡ̼ҪƵġ
ˣĪʧˣۼʯ£Ҿڳĳⱼȥ
ִ֮û˵Ϸֱ淽ȡöһξ͵·նƿ֮ŷǴһ˳ˡ
յƤЩۣǰƻ𺣣ķѣƯڻУˮиľãԭ·۷ƳһбʯϣиϤӰ
һѪ۰߲֪˶ˣǰ㲻һһ˲ڽ£˫ֿסִ֣֮ǽתȥЦŽһؿȥ


150 
˺Ȼ, ֻ׾һ뱻ѪȾ, ˫۾нȾɱ, ʬɽս, һĨ޵аЦ·˵̽ȡ, ǽ˵
ڽµǸް߰׵, ԼĪʮ꣬ͬˣʹƵ˾, δʵĽƵģ侲, ǽĲԼһ
Үʶ, ȴϳϴǺƵۣһŹɭϣн˻ᴩӣ䣬һ, ӰһΡѳֽǰ
ס֣, գǰ
侲˵ʲôǵģ޶, ȴ, Үǳ
һЯǧ֮ƣһӰǳǳһߣȴҪһжһΪϣŭǱǰ
ڵеӳ⣬ǻ·۵ȼգУǵϤӰͷ뿴˫ǳԼռеİºڷһ統ǸԪҹ
ǿĨǳɫǾӣԼģ΢΢ЦвŻϲڴԼ߶ʹС
ʱǧƻǡƷǣһһΣ˵¡
˼һ˲񣬼ʶģһҲ֮һ١
ɽţƸɽ겻ɢıѩöȾѪ뺣ʱƮɽۡδɢ
ЦºͣΨһʳճӣúòõˡʼδ쳾һ޽֮⣬ǷΪʱԶ޷˵һ䣺лл
Ǹ֮ϵļ֮ˣΧУĵǧҡֵ֮ҪΪãƽ
ۿ⣬Ʊʿʹܺ󽥽ľ
ɱʦ֡
ֻҡ
Ĭŭǧ˿ƣһһᣬⲻնϣֻ»ı䡣
ް⣬ΨкȻ
ɫһûϵ⣬˫зӿĪһĻţжʱһ
Ȿûؿڰ磬Ȼֻ˷ֺͱȥͻһͬʱǽҲĿڣʽء
ԭٶ̣ܽӶƬУǾһ˲ת˼йһˡӲƱҪһģֻܷȻ˿
ֻκػһƮԶգٶʱԶһɫ֮ӣ볤ԼԶ
ɱȻеĽʵعӣƽƽ棬Ȼ͸ɫ֪˶ѪһΣɱһһɽǴɽ޲Żе
뽣΢󻺻ֱָ̧ΪʲôҪɱʦ
ֱ֣ް⡣
Үԣ΢΢̾ǹȻʦ
һڴϲеۣԼµݡ
һϣóҩľȴԽé®һսһֱǽ޵һˡ
ٿֽ볤һޣֻǶ˼ֺԴͬһУҮ̾һޣһۣĶǣȴ֪ΪҪɱ֣ǰ˼վͳм䣬ҿһʱ֪ȥֻʵô£
ϵЦѵȻ޴棬ۼܴɣŭ⼸ҪͷԣֻƳһ۳룬һĨԹܿͽĿƿǿԼ侲ר־صɱΪǺʦֵס
һ䣬Ӧض룬һسȥͬʱҮҰסûʱˡ
Үֻһͷˮ૵ôܡһ֮ף϶Ǹ֮ظһ֡аħĸʢȴݣθţϵԶǶʦͽ뵽ĽҶ࿹ȫ˲ô࣬һ٣һңҵȥ
ܽȥȴҮסģȾϿ֮⣬ŭʦʱˣ˺ʦ֡
ר־ζóбݣһҮ˸㣬ˡ
ʲô˳һۣ۵ӿҪƱıߣʱѽһյʱֲøղֺ顣
һһʹһָһ㣬ЯһöؽĵڶƫĵΪڶʿǽޣҲȡʤҿܷɱ˲Ũ˼֡
˶ǻΪÿһν棬ҵоҪһɱ⻹ǳһμʶȫԸģǹĵЦǿҲ˼ȥŪ
ȴһЦⶼޣΨʣᣬѲ⣬էֱ·ϸһƣȴܿÿһγֶ׼дУΨСɱ֮һ֡ʱԼˣҲҪ˺֡
벻뵽þУԼѪɵս򣬱ҲɱԾһˡȻˣΪΪǶ⣬ôһᵽ
޸ٳ񷨣ܳܡؽޱȣڳֿȭǰԵЩΪ񣬿类ѹ˹ȥ
ȴڰп࣬Ȼݣʵǿ֮ĩ
ʲô뿪Ƕߺ߱ɽѰµѪݣϤ뼸öУǼöܵԨȫһ֪֮ٳ룬װ͵Ϯ룬ؿһ˲תȫأͬʱԼȥһ
ֺⷬķѾ޴ЩѪݣƾһǾ޷ɵġ
Ϯһɱأٻͷ볤ͣ˭֪ռȻʱùɽͻȻ˫˫ƬУһҲ޷䲻͵ϮֻƾвϴС˲òײץס϶ס
ѿȫ֧ţԲಫߣȺľе
ȥǰ취һݽߣұ㲻Ķˣһлǽһö֣㽫ϤͷţȫӦԡʱȻнԱϮȴǳ˦ҮһƵĵ
˴ң޷УҮȻΪΪ޵ĳ룬óȻð˻ľֲº֣һͱο
üͷһ壬һöƴʱ߳ɣһȥһڳ뽣⣬ƾ˵һƫȻԸ˳룬ҲȥӲӳһֻƲأһǰĿǰۼһնֻܽӡǰһƣæȥ
ʱĽӡֻǽһ˲˲ϢķѣôһȻʱӿȴûѣһƬ
󣬾಻ͣЪʮɣһǣŷӳһֱţͬʱͷһҮܻô£¶
Ү֪ӣһ죬ֻǸϡͿģвΪλ档
סЩֵĽܻһ𵱳ԼĳŵĵʣȴԶšǿ̱ʹ˵ʦף֤𣿡
Ϊλǹȥھ򻺻ȥϵѪ
üһᣬоãȻ
Ȼ£ȴ벻ԼΪλʧ䡣
ҷ뵽ʱƸɽϵİѩҧס´ʹת˲ǿ뵽ոһĨȥϻĴų֣ȻԼ飬Ƕȴ涼룺ʦƲ˺ʦ֣Īʲôᡣ
һ˲ŭαħͷѿ࣬һѪծ𣡡
һ˵ʲôýһͻΡ
ͬʱùɽʿǷ׷ſ磬Ƶ׹ʯ±ٳһȫĿԻ죬ԭΡĽ¯ѱɷ档
ȡ󳹵ױ٣Ƿ̨ʧ֧ţңƣ㿪ʼ³
ֻʱͳʮɣײҪûС
Ԩ۾ͨ죬һŽӡסǸ̨׹ƣһһһγǸ̨ˣҪ
ȻϺƣн⣬ƲӰֻһϾͱѪģס
ҪҰ취γĵɻܣ˻ųһţһЩæڱһЩסǸ̨·һա
Ȼ㼯ڳ֮ҲֻЩʱˣȫǸ̨ײùɽ붯С˲Ϣ䣬޷
ô졭۵ߺޣǸ̨Ϻһɷٶɢõٶҡ̨бһǡ
Ǹ̨еסٻһʱݣɼ³Ҫڻٵġ
ۼѪ֮һգپ񼤵ɫؿڣȳһѪ
˼Ѫ̲
ҶϪ״ӡֵ֮ͣסҿľӪ꣬ĪҪһУһ룬۵׵һĨ˼ǡ
ҡεһҽԭһʿվȱ˦˻𺣣ҽڵǰһ˲ģ׹ºһϢضûУͱմ
æԶ𺣵ķȥͷĻ֮ӡЩԸֻ˶ԨӣЩʲôˣǸ̻̣ûע⵽뿪
ԨȻע⵽ˣȴ˲϶ܣֻ뱣סǷ̨
ǧĿĹߵһǰ
Ȼ麣д仰ǰ֮ɫһɨգȡ֮ǿϲһ·ʯͳͳɨа취ˣҾסȥȥ
˵꣬ӰʧʹܷУʿĽų̣ҲҪࡣ
˼ƬУԭŰڵҡεͬʱԶʮɸߵ棬̾ͽǿû
ңҮɫһףãҪŲסˡ
ȴûƵģһӣö־ҺͷöѺ۱鲼Ų˶þҪķѡأһɫһһ˲㻯ҮӹͬʱԸס˴ƣٸһð˻ľ
ǡҮûü˵꣬ͱϡ
ҵġ䵽˼㣬ȻҮ˲ɵô˸սǰ̾Ҳִ
زͬʱ˫һķסһȡüģһȡĿڡ
ȴҲܣӭŽϣѰ·Ƶġ
ۼǽҪûĿڣκһƫƺҪιһȴһ
ǽ͸磬ҮһȻʩסȴҲܲסǽķɺܿͷֲԾ
ǹģǵסǽΪ֮Ѫɳ䵽ϣͽȻɫ
ȻɱΪʦֱ𣬿ɵǽûʱǲҲͳ֣ɫɷ׿űȾ˰ӵ촽Ҫ˵ʲôۿڵǰˮۡ
һ˲ȴһ˲ʱʧԭ֮ʣɿطס麣޷Эءͬʱסüĵסһһ˿Ҳþǽ˲䣬ɫʯ˷ĩ
һƽƿǽѪȼЯöвӿȥ
Ү̾˶Ա˺ݣԼҲݣҲ֪㶨˳˷񣬻ڶһѡ
ѪԽԽ࣬ؾٽ࿹һʱ侹£Ųסڰ˻ľһԾԴԴڣͬʱҲֳסƬơ˿ĽҪͷ涯ңŽ绤סǷֳʤǰҪݻˡ
飬һöѣɱ¾棬ڻǱȥ
֤ݣɱ͸㡣һ㽫ѹ۵ױŰѺڣг䲻⣬ʵ˵һǧ˰٣ҮѰ
Ȼֿ࿹ľһҡֻԣֻһһѸֱۣҪȥ
ҪҡҡͷȾѪӣֿһ㱻ûʦһʱֲĸʹģֻȥӰֿ麣վֻŬȥƼϵ
⽫سûҲһȥֱΪԼѾˡ
ʱһԻзڱɫлһĨɫ
һᣬǳǵ䣬Ҳͳسȥ
Źȥһʦ϶ţĵɺܿ죬;һɳǵĺ䣬ĵ״ʱ֫ٺ
˽ʩϵʧЧˡ
ƬѪʢڻУȻʺҫۡ
һöҲˣмУƶߵľż˳ȥˤڵأһҲϴĿĺ졣
¶ֻʣǼ㻹ԭɫ
һȥһ֦ɢŵ⡣
һָʯ£֦ϣδֻ֦һ²⣬Ϣֳأ̶ɷĩɢȷС


151 
һϽ, ½߳ǵסȥ·ı, ԭԼԼֻ¶һߵĻʱȫȻ¶, ϲŭɫ, ʱҲ㵵ۡ
ֻùɽΧֱĹ·ѱɻһ, Ĵ̹, ɽ屻ݺύĳɫ·ѣѷ죬һʳ, Դľ֮ƣıû, ԭıѩ֮ɽ˻, ҡҡ׹̾Ҫ
ľĸ󣬼ùɽһǰ˼ƺ뾶ֱȥ, ȴ½ٺס, ȥҲһ·½ٴӲԴɫȴҲûй, ϵԷ飬ľֻͣ²ӣɽ, һ̾Ϣźò
󣬰ҲӱںƳȻǽľĵľٶЦʱ֪ˣЩʱʲôȥˡ
ڿ࣬ľɫȻһԲĵǰʱٽҲ̬ˡ
½ѷܹ񾳽޲ʹ˵֮ӣľҲ⣬޵֮·νһ˳ͽӹʦ²Ϊһŵʱε緢ȴһصģ
Ϊδд뷢԰ף;ƿݣԵɣҲֻԼס
ֻΪʱδ̾
ïûгȥڱīʩ½һȥ͸ùɽޱ䣬ҪЩҳԨڡ
īïֵҩѻָ˴룬ϾδȬЩ˹ѿҪظïּ亹乣ȰϢһ
ȻѰҪīǿˣֻᵢѰʱڣīѪеȻǣ˲ٿѪʹ಻ѣͽȻܵסҺīȴţԭϪˮƵѱӰӿïƳī۵׺һĨ⣬һϸЩѪԻɿڱӿɴۣ䷢һѪϣʱˡ
īҲ³һѪǰ㵹
ïַסʵôˣΪʲôͻȻǿûлش𣬶һָ֪ˡָһƵѪǴӻѪгģԨӵľѪλøïּ֣ǡҪһЩ
ô춯˽īһյƣ΢΢ţƣ߶Եò԰׵ϣѪɫȥ
ֻ͸ĵ£һҡҡλΣƷвɢų
䡰һ΢΢ۣɫҲò԰֪ʲô
Ļơ
īڶ仰˵ġԨ
ïҲΪī᲻ƺǿϧֱɱ˻ɣͬʱԼϼˡ
ʩչ֮ʱҲûī૵
룬ʵʱư˲٣īһΪ˾δȬȡ󣬵֮ٶʢ
ƻȴʣһ΢⣬·ʱϨȻǸղˡ
½յƣϵɱѹֲסī㱻ӿѹһƣǿȳһѪƺǱѪɫһ£½ٺܿɱɫعĮе۵ףߡ˵ձùɽȥľĽʱʧС
ïֻſ罫ī㻤סīѣδָڴ˵ϢɡҲϾ࣬ҴҷԸЯ뿪ˡ
īӶ˶ƺֻǺܿ£˿տܣյлĵƣϽˡ
յĵƾУȴʲôˣֻرۡ
ùɽ£Ϊ𺣵Ĺ㳡ϣͬɫ԰ף϶޼ѪɫΨ۽ͨ죬·ʱѪ䡣
򡭡ԡѪӰһȴһģŷԼӲͣǵֱƭʱҲûս
Ժģհ׳һƬҪŬȥ룬ԼںʱεԼոշʲô
Ҫɱʦȥֹȴʩ˽䶯ãֻŬ˹ͼƷ䣬󣬾ʦû֮ʣǽͻȻʧˡ
ȴǱԼƵģǷԼʧˡ
ʩˣȻʧˡ
ϢڲԶ˫ĿգϡϽԱѪ۸ǣ벻֪ǲǻš
𣿳룬ʲôûˡ
һ֮һִԺ˼ˡ
һȥеʧָⶼ첻ˡں򡱣ʵȴֻǶ˶촽ɺԵ
ǰһҲ֧Ųסڵأֳڴбѵʯܿ߳ѪŬ̧ͷȴһɫ䵲ס
̽һ֦֦Ӱ´£һ㽣ɵĽ
֦ʵһѽ
ལ
ǰѱߵĲལУѽĽٻɱ
Ŭڻҵ˼ϳ־䣬ȴǱߡ˵ߡ
ɱΪǺʦֵס
˲ǰ˵Ļڶϣÿֶޱȣȴ˵˻ˡ
ԭ˵ģûƭҡ봹ۣط˵Щһֲ両ͷÿ뵽һ䣬Ϳնһ֣һ㣬Ϊʲô
ǸΪʲôȴء
ʦЩҪѭķ꣬δɹһ˿һ˵ֻʦŰŵĵ·Ӧ˵ڽӴֺǸ˱һݸммԼԼһء
ɲལȴУǵƻĽ⣬ԭŵһС
̧ͷǸƽһĬˣѵʦΪʲô
ȻļץסӱһȴҮ
һöѵ˲䣬Ү˼ٵִԺߡ
˵̫죬ʯĦЩ̶˲䣬Үֻһͷˮ֪Ժˣ˵ʲôһ˲ĿƼ䣬һ亹ź֪ӦҪ߳롣
سɲǣܵƲɵ֪Լֵס鼱֮к֣֮ûϢ
£ҮȻҲ񣬵Ҫ࣬ܿǿԼ侲űȥ̽ϢȻƼأһϢд棬ܼʱƣδܱסһһʱЩԥҪҪķԸȥɫҰףϢңδִ첲յһ룬СֻʣһؽڵĹͷѪָü仺Ȼ֮ʡ
˲ᡪͷҮ־֮һ̧Ҫȡٽһߣδüжһڷɿرƽ
֮ϵΪ
Ԩ
ʱսɷ˵ǰȥ̧˻ľһƳˮƵҪһˡ
ӳǵͬʱһ죬ӭԨײʱƵʯ׷ɣӿЩƵ
ʱڱ˺ʼϲһɣͱƿ̴żãȻһתƳȻԶȾѪӰҲŲҲȥ
߰ҮæȥŴϳ֣Ů˱ǰ׾ľ̵ǽηļ͡
ܡԨЦһЯ˻Үϻȥ
Үһץס룬һ־˻ľһֱһʹ˻ľȻǿ󣬵Ŀǰ޷磬ִ֮ʩֻܽ䵱ѰáȻԨ빥ڱһбǱֱۣ˻ľʱֶµؿڣӿѪĭһҪεȻΣ֪ԼһʧȥʶҪŬ񣬼ٺԼǰȻȥУԸȥذ˻ľҲԸɿ룬ûֽ߾ȫס룬ͼǿн룬һ˲¶ŵ飬һг
ԭ޷ѣ־ն䣬磬Ҫֿϡ
Үϵ˸ңָ֮ɣ˦ȥҮȥץ
ʱԨ˰˻ľЦŵǰһƳɽҮһезһԼˣЩԨٵǰӵնǰ
ԶԶһƳгһİӰ֪Լʵ޷߳룬һ̾һδնţɿ˽ȥ
Ԩһ飬ŮѲӰһصߣ׳һƿҩȻͷһߵĳ룬¶ظЦ
ˡ̾źڵĿȡ
ȥ˼ģͼȥŪڷʲôֻһ룬Ӿ죬Ըӵʹǰһһ󰵣֪Լαߵġ
ķѵĹ㳡ȵĸ̨ڵ˸ȴӶڲԶСȥץסһƬ䣬ȴҼ
½Ӵǳ׳ŵѪ
ȻƬӱߣʱҲ쳤֣Ҫȴס
ҡеһƽӿֳƵŭ⣬źҪһС
ԨӴֻͷһ۵ϵ򣬺ȻЦȻȻѾ˼ȴ֪ǸһݴûʹĽΣ֮עҪɵġ
ÿһһٵԨ˵ʲôһֶûȥֻһ۲գһһȥԨǰ̧־뽫ƿ
ԨȴЦԼ߿ˣһĿڡ
ʲôæ˹ȥס򣬲ͨʱһ볷֣һ˲ȴĽë˶Ұ׵϶ʱֳɫ򣡰򣡡
˻Դۣǳɫеӳͨۿ̶ɫ
ҡûôع˹ǣסܿ¶ʹ࣬ͿѪָӿδδ£ܿͻССһ̲
鼱֮£סĽעڣһЩҩȴϵĴѲӰҲ֪ʲôʱˣעҲţ뺣ϵ˿ת
ûõģնϣȫҲãҸո̫أֻӲд̡Ԩƽ
仰̧ۿڵУûڡߺһ׵İɫУɳɤʵҪʲô
Ԩ̨һָȥγھͽ
վ˳ԨָķȥĿһͨʺĽϡ
ŷԼһڻ³ĸ̨ϣ̨·һƬ𺣣ǽٻԶܸ֮Ϣ̨һû𺣣Ÿ̨Եϣͼȫûȴ̨ˣʮʿվڻϣĵ漸ûãһ߶Ųʱܳһ߲ſ̨׹֮ơ
˻ľڸ̨֮ϣбĸ̨Ԩһʩסڽ¯Űɷ¶ȶһЩҲֻǱˮнԨͨ˻ľֻܽΪķʹãʱɷڳԶҲ޼¡
ڸ̨У˻ľֺɷ֮ǰǰⱣȴһʴŸ̨еĵɫΪģ죬ʱѸһ̨棬ڳʱǰ˼硣
ǡעЩɫ͵ս˫֣֮ǡ
һŹһޣ̨꣬ʱ޿ֻ̲һ̽˳
û֮ǣҲ֮ǡԨʱҪ
ףһԲԨأϸֲֳȻѺͬɽ󱻻٣ЩԳֹˣѪ²ǿתã֮Ҳ޷ս
ʱ޼򣬺ĺԼ顣
ʱԼڵļߣȻ˼ֿɬҵȷǸϹӡӣʲôʲô֪
˼ʱ̨һΣб˼֣Ԩ̴ߴٵһЩ
һ򣬴ſɷӿ֣̽ÿζϡͿйءĵɣ̸ƽ٣Ҳ̸һ
һ仨긴ꡭ
ᳪңԶƾδɢǰȴΨлѪһλͷȥ򣬼ӣ˫粻סţʧ͵üԴƲơգ۾Ҫ
ҺʱӿһʤһĽʹǰ˼ɷȴûӿ˲
ƽѪʱгӿȴ޶ãƾѪɫ֮š
ʹطľˡ
ûڣֱۣС޴Ѫ죬Ѫʢ÷һƬͳͮơ
һûĿڣӻ˻Σ̶ǰһѵߴסֻ˲ϢѪģ¶˰׹ǡ
Щʿһһһ𾪵˵Ķ֪ͣˡԨȴ¶Цݡ
ѪСϣ˺ĿӣҪѪⶼ̵ȴֻĮȻɷ֮ƾѪɫÿһ·һжԼ޹Ƶġ
һصѪʹ޹ء
ָ۽ŨѪ𣬼ָǵʱնϣȴɫģһֻҲϣۣʹȫγ
𣬺Զŵս裬ĺȡ
һ硢磬ɢѺֹסѷ촦ʼº£ĩһأ·ʱ⵹˰㡣
Գϸ΢ɼҫۣ󣬼ûѪ⽥ǹѪϵ·ҲȥͬʱԸ̨࣬ɢɷصҡ΢ҵҲһعƽ͡
Ѫ⳹ױѹʱۣ͵һὫһ뿪̨۱ʧˣ̨ù
ѵһͶڵأϡϣѪ߰ߣüǵɰ붼ǱѪȾģˣվҪվˣȴ£ȥϵѪڵﻺֳһĨᣬ򡭡򡭡
ᣬ´ŵ˶Էؿ˼̧ۿһ۳룬ȴ˱𴦣־
˳Ŀ⿴ȥŵٶ˲
ֻ±ԵһɵʮˣԵײסǡǸ۰׷Ůͯ༸ɫʧȥٵ¬ˣǱص壬޷ͱܻ
룬ɫһӶ˶ƺվȴ̱˻ȥ¶ʹ֮ɫȻǶֻ⡣
뺰һСʦ塱ͻȻһأͷһŻصУҲҪȴһס֡
㻹ʲôŭֱס̾ҪȥԨƴ
ԨӸ¿¶һĨŹֵ΢Цͬţ
뻺˵ͷ
״Ԩͫһ£·Ҫ಻סϲһָŵ
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152 
Ǿɱ
Ԩ׹ؽʯ
ͫ͵һ, , ۵ȴٶȸֳã, ʵʲô·ûǼƵġ
һ, ʣǷ, ˼֧, ߾ȫҲбٳֺ
Ϊã̶ǰǷ类о֮, ڱƭıʱǡĿҪӺʦ, Ҳ̽ɱ֣, ԲལشǷǺڰףһ˲
Щһܽѽ⣬Ī˵Ƕ̶Ƭ, 㻨ϼ졢, ȫȻеĴ۸ӡ
ʱԨȴҪɱͬŵΪҪЮ
ҡҡͷ, һͼһڵҷ̶, ˳ȥֻԼǱִǰ㣬ѪɢȥɫĽ˸ΣյϢʱһαصơ
ƱǷĽâ̵ʶҡҡͷ߻̧ϣ󲻽һͬŹϵĮɴʱȴ֣һ𱻹صļʦʦ㣬Ȼ޷ȫг֣ǵģȴǼǵõġ
кˮ֮ʱһɽģҲڸҵİа¯ģмλȻûйżȻʱʺáλʦ㣬ƭԲʱЭˣÿպȵҩλʦġ
ʱʬجԶλʦйţֶ֪
һûлأ롣
ͬţȻ˽һжܣ˵ϼ䣬ɴеǰ֮ʣȴͬ飬ϧԨ˻һһʾƿʹ⣬ֻǺܿͱס
ֿ𣬷һԲأеıҪ˺ƳĬȴ·ʺ޲޶ԣֻƽעų룬ڴһ
ǵӵĿ⣬һͣԺ˼غġ
δʼϰʱչʱߣĳһռһϮϤſڣΪ𣬱ҡҡλ߹ȥܿͷǸĸߴ룬ͷҲǰɫһֱĲͬһˡû˵Ҳûһȥֻ̧ͷۣǡԷĿϡ
˱أʱһģһһڹž⡣
ԭһʼô
ʱҼ԰˻ľ֮ˮ˾ɽһ˳Уһ⡣
ǰҮĻڶϣŽ֮ı
Ȼ֪һжǻԣǳҲ⡣
Ǿҵĳ֮ذɣҵĸĸǺͳһ𣬶ڰյˮס
һĨȻǺХҪѹһЩıʹҪУҪһеطйֻһܸܵıͳأֻҧأս֣죬ϻϵ˿ٶȱ˺Ѫ䡣
ʱһָֻȴûֻὫִڳֱϣ뱻΢¶Ȼǣ˫ǳӡ
ǰѲڣȴްֹԹƽů񣬷·ڽġ
򡭡ۿһȣʹԼӸ
˹ǣһ̴ٵƺЦģֻǻЦͱʹϡ˼סƺסӣָڵϺһ˼¾ûһĨȻ̾˿תͷԨұͿˣαءαضһ١
ԨЦ㻹ţˣҲˣǵһҲܹӲд꣬úҽΣ˵ٶʮꡣ
ҡͦġ˵գ㼱ٵش˵⼸־ͺľǳûС
ԨһĨ⣬תʳ㲻Ը
ģһͼЩȥΪסľȫ϶ദˣʱ麣ѿݽߣﻹжļ֮ԨĻҲ͵Ⱦɫ
ԨȴŭЦ뺦ʦ֡ʦ㡣˵һ֣ԭ˲ʱϣһ̽һ˽֮˻𺣡
⣬Ա֮ºֻüһҺ㱻ӿû
ּ죬ʼϲԨӵĵҲ׷ױס
ûϵݾˣҲ̲סϵ֮ǰһսɱסܵˣԸð֣һһԵŭسҺľʦϹۣŻ˵ļƵóѣϽʦҲݲ㡣Ըңڴ˵Ⱦغ޻֮Ҳ˵һĵĻ
صƳһۣܿ࣬һ֮츣Ȿ½֮ң޼ȴǼʶǳˡ
ǰһĻ˼ͣʦֱ»һ˲ǵһʦ֣Ϊ˶Է㡣
գۼ䣬˾ˣ뺶û¡һڵȻι̣Ƭ֮ϢɵĽٻУ㻯ΪУһۼ¡
ʱԨ𣺡㲻ɱЩͬžҪһȥЦһֵǶˣҾɱ򣬽ңԾڲ֣ҲȲģʹ죬ҲþЩͬһǿɶɡ
类һƹǰһڣӻ˻Ҫ
ʱ𺰵Ҫǵģһڲ͵ĲФӣ
ôȥвȻһγԨ˶ˮԨһսڽңϲűˣʱ߾ȫ޷âԨŲ
еĽֻܴĿڡ
ԨǼ仰ѵһ٣ٸпĥ
ɱԱͬһҲҪܿ࣬һ˵һ˲ǻͱһҵϣԸˣҲҪɱ
ԨĬ΢΢һףһһڵڷ
һҧס´ֻѵҡҡͷһԲصȺƬ̣ȥץߵ¬
¬ȴң˵վԼԾ𺣣ԭԸ£ϧԷϵԪԾһ˲
˼Ӿ˸ңһʱ˵ԨȴԳǶ㺦ġ䣬ֵ缺Ҫ𣿡
Ŀó۵׽ĹһһĨۣ˶촽˵ʲôֻǻ˵ڣ͵Ԩ
˺ۣüԱǷݹִ۱ǷʱһҺǣ㣡ۿͨ죬һһֵ˵ʲôãҲɱҲɱ
ԨЦһһ˲ƱסȴǵȷûӳǱԲģݶһָ飬ǣǱȥǡ
ʲʲô봹ۣ˼˼֡
ɣرعĮȻץһȥ
һɫסյĵӣֻӰһͱȥ˶԰ϡ
ʿὫ£漴ſ磬סؽһԭ˵ûȻ˺Ȼï֣ºͣ˹񣬴ʱصΪ༤˵Ҳ
˵һУϵʿԨɫһһ鳯ïӿȥʯ䣬֧Ǹ¶Ƴޱȣǽһ㣬ǰ֧ס֧ȴ˺һӣֱüĶȥֻջԵ֧
αһ裬ʿïֲסʱһɫӰس֮ϣȴǰ䣬һǹƱף£ڲԶʿ״ҪˣæϽΧסһ˲ǼǹȴֻâʮϣǹǼʿɨȥǹʴ󿪴֮ƣɱǼʿȻͬΪΪȴȥӲӣܿһɨվ֣ȺɱգۼϮһԶ
ʧһ˲ӿ֣ûïһ䣬Ƭ̾ͽתƵϡ
һ˺ľģһȴҮľ÷䣬䲻ݣҲΪ˵ãԭЩ̵תƷ䣬ٸ䲻ⲼʩˣҮԻЩʿ޷ƻת֮
ľĺҮʮöгԲԴԴӿЩǲôͷתƷˡ
Ще
Үܺ󣬱һֱ˻ľߣˣԲߣҩƻָ߰˰ˣ㿪ʼΪѽô죬ĵҪѽռ´ȥǡʱ˵Ľڷס꣬һϳïֵˣź
ԭһҪѣҮżһ֣㲻ܲǿг֣ڴ䱻ҮҮŷ߬һö䣬µʱµģˣҲûͻȥֻԼ˵ҲǴɣǴ÷ŵïָöͲ
ʱöͲδָ˵ҪȥȡѪʵΪΣʱܻȫ곤ҪȥҶͳ뽻˴䣬нͲ뻤ͲȺ浲½һͷԵͻ֮ķʧЧˡܺԨѰãֻȷ˳ļ䣬ǱȨ֮ƣΪ˲óȥȫȻᣬصûľͲһдꡣ
Ͳïȡ֦ƣȻд棬ýˣܸ֪ϢһùɽڣΪǳڣ˹Ү˵һ˵̲סһĻţֵ֪뱻ԨߣͬСɡֻԨ˶ڣֵ˰˻ľǼʹļҲóȻ޴֮ʣ½پһԲն
Ȳˮ磬֮£붼룬½ȴ治ɫŭҡ˵ձȡȡз˶˾ٴ治ƽԥݣ¡
뿪׷¯;ػ˻أң֪Ƿʲôȴ֪Ǽֻӿų̣ٽ¯̽ϾˣٳԨ֮ȥس
˿ýԶڸ̨ϣֱȥǣҲ˵أԨֻҪЮľĺͳػš
һϮˣҲԨض˹ʿעҲïϣʱ½ȴ֪˸̨֮ϣҪȥץס˭֪ſԳѳ߸˦һ۱ؿڻȥ
ԨһֽӡԸï֣һһ˻ľʱӿס½ٱһ裬޷ٿԨΪƾö񣬾κεͰ˻ľô˵һƺˮų½ٱȥͬʱ̨ϸֳɫĹâˮƵȥ½ټƲãεʱθʮɣ޻סϵ䣬סԨһ̨ϣȴǵɫΡ
ۼˮƵһһ˥֮࣬̾Ҫûֻ˻ï࣬۵װһĨľ֮ǡ
ǱΪԨֻͰ˻ľƾڵǿ֮һսȴû뵽֮ǰ
Ǻ֮ķ̨ǰҲǲһԨЦ˻̨ϣ裬
ǣҪԲ֪ˡеһȴ˳ȥïΪԨǼʤ㣬ҲҪƴס
˽ϵĽҲ̼ս֣ǱãӶֻƾһѪԨµʿɱֻһʱһʱ
ԨҪߣֻԷ̨Ͱ˻ľеĲסȥ·˴Աʱ֮裬Ϊï֮ϣʿȻ˲٣жʮ໯ʿԼԪӤʿ½ǵʵҲη塣
¯ϷһʱӿӡѺŭҺ֯һ𣬾Ƚ¯·ӿĻ˵ԨʿʧۼԸⱻӣһҪЩɱЩµˣ޲üǳЩֶ֮֮а޶ѶáȻï֡½ٵ˸ʵ׿Ҳвǵķ񣬺ܿһҲˣҮδʿƵ˽䣬ֲ֧˶á
ûȥֱսҲȥֱ棬½һɺϵ˴ʱľ棬˳ǣǰǰδ䣬ؾе䵽ϣ̧ۣ˳ͨۿʪĽëԼĨۡճܲס׹µˮ
򣬶Բ𡭡ʵԲ𡭡Ҳá
ңҶúõģΣУˣҲ
һʹ۵׸ֳϧûжԲҡ̧֣ȥ۽ǵᣬޣĴ
һ٣̻¶ݺԸԸһ뿪ȴִҪ£ʦһʱϾΣлһϧΪһЩºйִԷҲ㣬ζݣ˵:ûϵģˡ
Ϊ½ѭ£Ϳˡ棬浽ݣǸͺܺá
ԶԴڰֵģ΢С£ҲԶΪ򵥡ֻҪﵣȴû˸ͲںʲôǷǡ
֪һһﲻҲἴ̱ɱԲòߡԹȴûһ;ʵԸ棬ʲô³
Ҵô꣬˳ȴһػûУеϧĵײֹסԲ𡭡Բ𡭡
򺦳ȴһ취ûУҪԺһ㶼
ʱһЦʱǹ˵Щ˻ġҡҴûҪȥȥƽ
š˵ͷŨô죬һֱЩĮĻ﹢ڻ׿ڳ壬ͷʱðһ˿ϲֻǺܿͱıڸǡ
һֵֻⷨܡҵأһɡССͱѪ䣬Ӳˡ
Դӷ־ɽ֮볤ʱ㰵лɴһйأ˵ʦ־ò뾰ƣһ˲Ͷ϶ؾǸˡ
ݾǺֻһ֮ңŻͬʱԳͷʹ֢Ҳ˲²⡣üΣͷʹ֢Ԩºܿͻ׷һżȻˣбȻй
ǵɰ룬ϸˣ֣ᷢЩʿϵѪӡơ
ŵӤʱˡ
ӤɳΨͥвб䣬ѪüģԺˣӰЧֳͷ󣬵־ŭ嶯֮Щ̽ӡȥ鳤Ƿ죬ֻתһ룬Ѫ꣬óȻȥѱԳˣֻôǸͷ
ѪڣǱӵĺǶᱻԨѰϣɱǽ֮˲ܰԳ˵ЩѪĻɣִ֮Ԩ˵Լ֪ż
һԨһǧټѳҳðԨ棬ѳԷֻҪԨһˣǸ˾أԨ¶ԥһڴӦƶغԨйᣬܿܲ볤ѪˣԨ벻Ѱ£ɱ˾ܻ룬Ԩ˿ԥ
ص֪ҪȡԼ֪Լѱ¶δҹζֻ࣬һ뺴ȴ֪ܴ֮ҲΪڷӡ˿յʱѾģصָʾ͵ܳ档
һж֮£ϧ㾡Ҳֲʱ˲ãͷһ
ʲôѪ䡭૵ɺܿͰɻ׿ʱ˿̣ݲҸ׵ġףҲôࡣ
ҡҡͷЦŵܺãѾܺˡˮʪḧ󻺻䣬סֵٽҰɣһ͹ˡ
롰šһҲԸ麣нļȥ
ûнЩڣǰָ⣬ĿעӳΣѹѹϾǴˣʱǴܺÿ
գգּۣ£֪ΪʲôͻȻô˵˫ǳеӯӯЦ⣬ȴֳһĨܵη壺˵ʲô
δ䣬еʧˡ
һ˳ȥŵ̯Ѫбʹ˲䱻Ļ̿ȡ
һֱڰͿѪΪ˵˼䣬һѪֹ£żڵϻҲʹ˺ܶѪЩѪУ֮ǰԨôûע⵽
ӼңѹԨмԻٵͷ֮ԨΪҪЮҪɱĵζһǰҲҪʹЩӡǿʼѪ䣬ͼ͵ϮԨԨò˲ˣҲȻԨ£һٱǱȡ
ʦ񣬵˵Գһĥ
½ٸı⡣
ֱ󣬾סڸ̨Ϸİ˻ľԨ쳣һϵʱֳŭ֮ɫѰ·˵žŻȥ
һ˲㻯ΪΣס˻ľֻǿһʱᵹ£ԨϮҲܣѸھӱϵ˼¡
˻ľϵ˸Ϊϴˢķ˰ĥ˻ľϵģԽ򵥿˼˻ľԭ
ԨΪҪð˻ľԱ־ʮɹһ˲еİ˻ľȴʧˣٶȳʱ½С
ĿǶذ˻ľ
Ԩֹֻ½ٳ־һƣֻķģţҫ۵ĹâڵľӿΧסǵʿʱˡ
ͬʱǺƵûˡ
Ҫеķα˺ѣȥȻֻ֧һھˤڵأŬۺɢĨȾѪӰʧ̨׹ȥ֧ż
£Ѫۣûһãɢķ˿ס˽յ˫Ŀڰգͷβ˺ѿʼȼա
򣡡ïҪȥסȴطסŬٿһ·
ùɽ಻ԶУīۣŴֿɼİƣϻֳȻε£أ㱻˪ѩ¶ȡ
дһⶼʧˡ
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ǰ, ȥ, ùɽعֻһڵɽٶȱ˪ѩȾ, ʱɫĹâԴԴӿ, ȽٻΪӿ
ҪɽѶ, ǹâȴǾֱ籡ǰǼʯڵǰͺһŰֽ谭ش͸
ǽ
īƬֵɽͷ, һս, ʶأηռݣûмǰǿĽ, ɭϲɱӣ֮ϣھ䡣
ޱϲ, ǡδǰδƬ硣
ں֮ɽһ½ٵͻϮһޱȣٲȻѵǷ켫˽ûĸܽ˾硣
ùɽͷĽ⣬ֵӰӣδΣܸܵǹɲݱӵ֮£Ҫ׳Ƴ
֮ô૵ֻвϸ˼صĺֹͣˡ
Ǵغͣˣ˷ԭĺ綼ʧˣƮڰյѩһ˲סʧˣضһֹĻ
īǽˮƣַ·ڻǳǳĨһʡȻʹ֮һжΪޡ
Уٶҡ֮ǰ·ʱҪߵſ磬ǿספһأ̧ķ̲סг
ùɽʧˡ
ƵֱڱԭʮĸɽѱΪƽء
ڵļɽ׷ױ಻ɽת˲ͱ˷档
֮ϣƣ˲ҵĽУʱʱ֣ǽ⡣
½ٳְ˻ľڷĽ߰ȫأǳɫƴľס˻ľѪ죬Ȼ˿иֻа̾Ҫûïֵ˶ſΪӶѣȫ䱸֮࣬Լͬ¶֮ɫ
һ˲նһɽױȵ
νɽ֮ҲƽһɽͷһƬ꣬⽣⣬ȴǽùɽĴڶĨˣûʯ׷ɣҲû̳죬ûСĨˡ
Щ𺳴صԱط⸲ǵùɽ·һضޡ
ǿ̨֮ϮȾѪİ£ĿД
˫׵ĺУй⣬ȴֻ¿ն
ǵӰû˲䣬ĵǿŵһƽҲˡ
Ƿ㺣ʦͽʱͿʼˡ
ΪͽֻԴżȻŮȴӡеκ˶һ
ȻʱӡҲȼˣʦʦ壬ʦ֣з纣¥һŨīزʵĻһ֣˵ɫ㶼Եõ
֮ʶ˸ˣûһһһЦıʴ
һʼͲڶмӵͬʱ־Զ֮˵ЦĥһЩδķ˼գ塢١廨һҲִ˲ƣ
ദʱÿһ̶ˣŨīĻУ֪ҲȾϺ쳾ɫʣ֪ʲôʱʼ˼ȥЩٶͼΪʲôҪײԼΪʲôһЩľٶΪʲôЦ
ʱ¶ףѾǸƽŮ
м̬Ƿѵִźڽ
顣
ʲôΪʲôںֻǸȥȥȥһ
ңңҪһ㱻ҲԹ޻ڣһֻΪѰ࣬İȴ
ϵһͨ˿ˡ
ǰ;һڵӣ츳Ľޣս޳ɴľ֮šֻһˡ
ԺûˣҲǸЦԼ˫ǳĹ⡣
˼׶ˣǽҪһе
ǷŭǰûڣǱ
ƾǽݻһУһֻʣ¿ռš
ԨԷ̨ΪϣЯʿ֮ĿռУǱȴ½ٵ˶˲ԣ
Ŀתų룬ھ̾˽Ϊ壬岻ѣȴЦ
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硢ꡢµȵȣЩؼ䱾ʹڵģôÿĻôܱΪ⿴ôãѵΪϲ𣿡
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Ҳϲİɣ䡣૵ȥֱӰ١
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˷𣬾ѩƮ䣬ƶ¡죬ӿ֣ǵƾ䣬䡣
ƽʯ£̳ײĻС
ţǽ֮£Ϲžȼ·Ϩˣԭ糺֮Ԩٻ˾ֻһ棬񣬻ƸûɽڣɫһȾ죬ͺǵӳںϵϼ⡣
ҡҡλվһһ׹´ȥģȴ죬̶һ˲̨Եֻɡ
Ҫȥ
Ԩͼɫһףеס˵𣬻дϲȥ
ͷҲأһƲǿҪ׷ĶдʱǧƬɢȵķС
ڳʱͳȥֻ̨һξ룬ûüѱ̨ԵһԾ£Ƭԥޣ𾪺ҲƳס
Ƿ˰׺ףһƵı£ȴԨһ̱նϡ
أڳ֣һ̵ƽ̨Ҳͻն䣬ȴûն󣬶Ǳһ
һϮȻ£ȴأֲལԶལƵ֮ǰĽһģһ
ÿնȥལϵĽƣȴѷɫ١
ǽǲལֻǽӰ޷⡣
һ˲ͲŵָۣȻǣߵľż
ûصĽȻȥ󱻲ལӿضž㲨Ŀ⣬΢΢ſһѪһϸϸĺߣƵģʱɢʵȴ˿ţȷлһѵĺۼû볤üġ
ʹüһɢܿϯȫͼסʹȴӶã䡢С۵Ƥ£ֳϸϸѪߣǼסÿһָڶס
ô£ٻؿŽסѪߣԺֳ򲻾ǰ˵Ļ
һɡССͱѪ䣬Ӳˡ
þȫͼ£˫֣ȴֻĵʹ
һ˲ϹιХķ磬ǰһΣǸ̨ϣԨվǰ̧һĨķˮƣĻƵĽ̨Χ£
ҪߣҮʧ
ˮƺ£ȻһǿԽǴԶĴƬߣǰɸֻ̨խխһߡ
½ɫ΢䣬Ѫӡ˻ľδɢˮƣ˺һӣïǰ·˽ȥֽǰŵʿУҪȥץ룬ȴ̱ԨסҮ־໤һ䣬еȥֹˮƺ£
Ԩüͷһ壬ӿֳŭ⣬Ѱ·ָһᣬƿնֱïĿڡ
ഫ̹ſٵ֮ƬһηСԨ޷ɷ֮һ׵ֵ
ï˫ֽӡ˲ſʮϣȴһһȥֻȥǽ˫ƳǿжȥϵľȴԨؿڣˤ̨
·棬ΪͲסգ伱æȥסһҮ֧ܿŲסʱͱɳȥ
ƿɵˮٶȺ£Ԩ΢΢һЦȴһЯϵͻ룬գ۾Ͳס˳ӣҲ׳
ײޣûܽնϣȴҲԳ˿½һɣת˻ľڵľתǧ֮ӰХԨȥ
Ԩ˻ľж֮࿹ֻ̨е塣£ˮƶʱͣסʱӰȺ̨ȥֱľġԨ½ٲסϾ񣬶ʿעڰ˻ľϣ㷴ӦգۼͱľĴ˸̨
𶪳öסЩҪסʿҪǰͱһĽסȴһͷն䣬ľļ״æֻס𣬻ӳʮöסǽȻסҲһӿʮɡ
ŭص縸𣡡
һĨǺһ𣬽α̸ʲô塣˵һӳ
ʱԨһƺ½ȥͬʱڿһȦԱ½ٴȥ½ܵУ԰˻ľס󣬱ֵһӱɣʯС
ĨȥǵѪٶǰȴˮѿҪȫ£
ïּľĻڸ̨ϣҧǳȥܽɲſ̨ӿֳˣסΣ˺ѷεغʦ֣
ֻխխһУľıסأལ󴩳һͽնϣһ˲ӿʲôˣĿĹһ߷϶һжס
ˮƳ׺£УïֿһĨɫӰ׹£ȴæס
Ϣ΢˫ĿգʧȥʶнŲལֱۡϱѪҲ֡
ˮƺ£ǰһ˲ľ²ལȻڽ֮ԱԪһѻᡣ
»ȼգܵɽȴѲӰ¯Ϸԭǰɸ̨ڴͬտҲ
̳ɢȥ¶ʯϺܿͶѩ˷ԭʧһɽ˾춯أɵָع
Ʈѩ䣬һɲ䡣


154 
ǾһجΡ
һ, ʵȴûС
㱵شķ, , Ŀ⼸ľȻڽǸ֦ϡ
ǲལ, ˮ˷ǰʿĳ
ȴر˵ϡ
½ٺïڽ¯Ѱ䣬в, һϣ, ҲҪǻѰһѰҮ˵ͻɽׯ󣬱ͣ㿪ʼԨܵȥÿ˶ͷöԹ˲Ͼ, ڶԴһɽ֮ʱ˭ֲȥһ˿𾴡ҮͲལһ͵, æһ罫佣뿪ˡŽ, ལ˲٣ǽηĽ⵭üԲǱⶪãۼʶԼҪֻһѰ֦
ǵǽ֦״ľ, ȻֽƵ, һΪ
˶ûп壬ȴ֪ǽԭҪϵ, Ѿܵı䣬ɾһ˲䣬һӲ˽
ҵĴ, Ѿȥˡľ˵ͷȴЦģܹǰظ
뵽ǰǸеĺһ˫ڰ׷۾شſһУƼʱЦȻ֣̽ץסһͷ
ԼĪǿɫ˶һԷɣʱ򣬳뻹ͬһѰͯ㣬޻Цѽѽ˵Щڡ
㿴Ǹһһ찲īɫͫнʧ¶ȣعǺѳˣ㣬˿ζԡ
ʿǣ˭ɺ쳾·õվ˵ģɳȴ˾˫īͫУʲôһģ޴̸
ӵо֮ţܹһǰδеķ٣ƸɽϽ硣
һϯˣڹºߵ׿£˽̨壬Ϊһ볾׸֮Ҳʱչֳ˾˵츳ľĶΪ֮۷ҲΪǷܼ츳ľĲŻѹеĲǸ⣬صһһߵ
ǿǧ֮ҵ긴һ˰οԼ
ɵͷȴ
ٶǰºʹһӹǳ֣֮Ϊͦһٺһжתá
Ȼʧ˻ɽͲལڣһһ֮أͻ񾳽ʱһΪܹܿҫ
˭֪ܿӭȴٲ
ľġ¬ץס˳룬Ԩ뿪ˣȻұסһһҲ޷ָΪˡ
µģЩӣΪԵеùЩɡ
һǳ˰ɣţ˽߳Ƴһ۲ལһĨʹһֲԾս·ڼѹֻٵĳ嶯
ѽһеĿˣûѽʲôᷢһڻڻɽǧ꣬ͬ¾е޹
룬ķ˳йͨ˵Щпĥѡ
ǲལĴһ㱣ϺȴǶԼ
վǵ̰¡
ǽ̵ĹΪۣ̻壬Ǳʹĺ
йɻ·Զ
ľľΪʹԼŻΪֹѸٱòɣ뵽ľջ̻̲ģĵľʦߣ£ǾƲԸȥˣڲལ£Ҳȷǽѡ
ԼҲﰡյһĻĻ
ĿͬŲʹ޵ı飬Ȼȥ񣬻ľظЦÿ涼絶ʣ޲ܼˣʹĺ衣
һľĵĶʰལ˳ȥ
Ľƾסĸ¥䱦ʿţ˵ҰҪ飬ܿͽȥ
½ٺïѾˣ½һԲϣһǳɫȴɢɱ֮ïСͰ˵ۿ죬µǱضһ
ҲаɣȻٻ𣬿ɽ¯֮µ֮Ϣȴ𣬱Ϲ֮УҲŮ洡ȼλД𣬱ᱻپѪǣʧƬʣ
򱾾һϢ׹֮ϢУﻹܻ
ĨѪӰвΣһȶʹ޲ѣĻ˳һڣ겻ɢȥôûһβϳ롣
ǸŷɥħͷǶԳ븶ĵˣܡϧҲȳ룻أڿΪ˳ãʵȴǸ˼
̣Ц
˼ȴ˭ûпڣǲɫһĿⲻԼͬеĲལϣ͸ƵϢ
ʲôƬ̳Ĭ󣬰һԼıĺŭ⣬·ˣͿ
һȻʧأҲͬס
𱻾ïֺҮ˼ˣ뽫Ҳǻ𺣣ᡣ½ٺïֵѰһڷѹʱƲסԼɱ⣬ïֽǧҪ嶯Ѿˡ
һǿ̲ɴ˿̿ŰеȴֻԳǾȡ
Ҫལǡ½٣Ȼ½Ϊï֣ǼܾǸᵽ˻ľལҲҵˮ˷֮ء˵գ˫Žݸ½١
½ȴûȥӣǳɫмڽ֮ɫһΪʲôҪȥǸط
¶һĨѿܿ챻סĬĬལ£³£ΪǾȻͷŵ棬ٲȻ΢̬һʦݣ򲻿ɶʦ˴񣬿Ϊ˳룬ܻ˵档
ãһЦԶϴȻɤ֮ǰٱһɡ
ʲô⣿̧ͷʵ
֪ģ˵½پӸ¿۵ѪĹ⣬֦ײʲôܡ
ʹסɢĲལ˼Ʈǧǰ
һյƸɽһһɽȴڽһ̸һԺ̸
ལСˮ˵Ĳлꡣ
һڣðѿڵⲻܣԣ̾һЦҲ˵ġ
ظལʱΪ֮ĹȶµĺºٳǸֻڻмӰʱ㲻òˡ
ǧǰˮ˵û¼磬һڶΪȻɵҫֱǧԲལնɱޣݺҰĽŵһ֪ಢˡ
ˮȻڶ̶̼Ϊǣʵ޷ܿͳֱٵļʱ޶࣬ƲལԼһƲлꡣ׽еɢֻ׽ٵ֮У޴Ӳˮ˱˵ԴҶΪ׽٣Ͻ硣
Ȼδܵõɣȷ֪˾ɽڲལзл꣬Ҫܸ֪ŵӣɵʱལ̫մȾԣԽϼֱʱལؼա
ǧ꣬л˥ºٳʱɢԶ𿴵ֻһĨӰӣǹºߵǾʦ֣ҪֻһŪ顣
˵ʲô½ٵʵ֪Щȣ·һж֮С
ʱˮ˵ĲлѾǳֻˡô⼸֡
ǽ飬ǳ룿廰
һʼǸ֪ʲô˼ƾ⼸֣ǹº߶͸𻺻ʱþˣΪ¾͹ȥˣֱһ죬ʦֱһŮӤ˵ǽ顣
˵Ǿ𣿡䳰Ц
̾һҡҡͷֻҺľʦȻšʦΪ֤Է飬㵱ǵ棬˲ལĽС
ལޱȣǵȹĽԿ佣ὣֻǱһ㱻˵Ѫ졣ʱֻһ޷Ӥལȴܺˡ
ལѰʿֻǿҪˣҲȴӡԭ򡣡յΣǲ¶֮̾⣬ལĨ̾תΪʹǶԲ
ǣô꣬Ƕ˿ʱ˵ԲкáȻҲĵģ֪𣿡
ĿƱιʹ̲סָ
Ȼ֪ġų볤󣬿һȴţֿΪʱе̣ǳͷʹ֢ʱվʲôû
һֱĬţƲֱ١
Ȱļߣ½ʼάһֹŹֵ侲ȺƬ̼ټ˵ȥ֪ľЩ
⣬в¶ã֮ɫӦʲô΢̧˫ǳɫӣ½ٴߴӵζѰһŵԭ֪ģֻЩ
зζˡ
ʲô
½ߵأȴδŹǣڸ֮ǰѾԨϹϵˡ
ɫ䣬һֱǱԨ󣬵б˳ԣ½ȴͰػģҪʸ½վһ㽫ལС
²ལ֪ǴӦԼеһĨмл
½ȴЩֻڿȥֻǴҽһɱ㡣
еη֮⣬ֻǺܿӦãҪɱңҲ޻˵
еĻ䣬½¶⣬һ˲ͱȥ߽һһͽվЦˣһ᳢ȥȳ룬ȴΪ󡣡
ǣɵ
°˻ľΪҪȥȳ롣½ٻеļڽиˣҲ²⣬ԨһǿŽȳ롯ִҲʧȥʶ
ʱԨ⣬ϵ½ٵ֮ΪУƱҪԨУǲŲһжذ˻ľ
½ٺҮʹ˻ľԭа˻ľ֣㵱ʱȲ˳룬պҲܽѰԨڡ
¶֮ɫ½񶾵ɫЦţƽɤڵɱͺ⡣
֮ʧ䣬ҲǸɵĺ°ɡ겻ΣֻΪʱ벻һʱϳЩòȻȣǴ͸ˡ
·ᵽѪζһĨʶ
ལʱһǰѽȴԼ

ֻƬ̺½ٱָ˹еĵĮǰļ·ڹԭͷɢźĽðԨҳˡ


155 
սĳ, ĽͥԺ, Ÿɾϴա
뿪Ƭԭһ, ȴֲи, ĵһ, Ȼܵѩĸд
·ݶӲ뿪
δǳѪֹ, ɴҮִٽֻƬУܵǼһеѹȡ
ͬСȻгǵĹĶ, ԲɱΪ֮
ˣҲΪ˸
Ц̸ɱ, ӹһĨӵ, ЩĻǰչЩ˼תΪꡣֻ໥ãŶԷѶԲΪ֮̾
Ȼűƿ, Ų, ţ첲һĺڶϷơƴů, Щ㡣
ҮԱס°͸ͷ, ںڵķ˿䣬Լɢǰļͷ֯һѷֱ˴ˡ
ûлͷֻ̧֣ҮֱϢˣ
ΪܹõĿư˻ľҲΪܸ˽⵱֮£뿪˷ԭҮ½һȥ˶棬ǰղŻλڶ·;ңԶԨƺǵͼڵط˽ղŰȻ½ΪϸߣҮͻսĺ󣬱۷ï֡˻ϡҮǰΪȡѪԪˣ˴βȻƣߣ˯գղתѡ
г̸󣬵֪Щӵȥһڡһ塢֪ĲƬαƴһǧڰеһн
ľĶ֪ɽµǲһһ£˻ľĴڶ֪
ºߵԶΪ˻ľѰǽ֮䣬ʱ峤ȴ˲Ϊıر֣޹
ҮЩ˱ǵԨ⣬ºΪһڣԨչҪɵҲʱֳȥºߣȻһ񱻹ºѣҲ˹صԵʣƸɽͿʼˣһڶС
ˮȣ֤ʵ뼫пܾŴ嶯֮顢֮ľı㲻òЭǷ˵֮ڳϡ
ǲֹһйȴ֮⣬ȴصϺǴֿɼʢһ
֪֮Үֹһεһ̫顣Ľȴ̲ס룺ңҲᶯİɣܱǻҪ
ȥƸɽǰѪ䣬⣬һ֪飬ΪеġһֱΪͷʹ֢֮£ΪǲǿԼЩȣȴΣǱȻҪĽ٣֮㲻׼ľȥ̨忴룬ÿÿԼ𶼻ں
ҡ
ĽһĨԳӵеܿǵζС
ơҮٶΣ˼ԥ
˼أĽƱۣ΢¶ȣ̾һ룺ұȻԥڡ
Ҫԥԥ
ȴȻ˰ɡ
Ҫһȥ𣿡Ľۣ֮ɫһ
ҮšһĲӲ˲䣬·ƣȹҡ仰ᣬҮȴв޻ؾأЩ˻ļңԲóЩġҮСĽƵĲͼܲ³롣
֮ǰҪ½һǰȥĽƾͱֳ˲̬ͬȣҮȥˡ
ʱ·ǵεݡҮҪȥĵطȶҪΣٱ
ǰɽϲ˼ʮյ꽻ӣл˺һѺۣ½ٰڸʿĿȻѺС
ֻ֮м꣬Ԩ˷ӣǰС
ȻѺ۾£һߣѺһʧǾõϺüл֮½ٴ˴λᣬȥǲ֣㴳ȥ뿪ǰδҪҮһҪȥҮһ屻˵ɳλǰɽǰ֮ͨ
Үġ
һڵİΣ޹ءȴʾ֭ѰɣҪ˵Ľơ
ҲǲǾսıȽϺã֮ΣķҪȥҵĻԨпһȥء
ۿϮһһ뵽īͫлıˣԹۡ
һȾȻӣ飬뻹иʤһ˷ԭĨȥ˹ȥ䣬֮࣬ȴȻĸо
ѹĻȴǸĽޣȷǳӦе硪Գʶˡ綼Ϊġ
һڵĳ޵䲻ɱӡ
ʿġ
ȴ֪ǵ飬Ƿȴ󲿷˶Ũҡ
ǰҮΪĽƺѡһ֮Խܵʵʱˡ
ɳȴӶԸ
УҮųָ䣬Щӿж˱ߺʹޣȴΨûлڡ
ڻƸɽʱҮ̲סʧ£֪곤Ϊɥͬѩг򣬵ɱΪǱ𣬿ɵԸԸӡǶιʱȴ˵
ӲԸ
ʱɥ˽⣬ղȴɹִһһȥرĽҲԸǶ顣
ЩѪֻ̻ʶڣ᲻ƵʹҲԸǡ
Үڷʱáǽͷݹִ
룬ȴǵǽҲͷ
˺ۣͷѪҲԸͷ
ܿġҮһļţմȾЩҾ룬ǳ˵ֻأʲôûΪʲôҪЩأûж֪ʵһ㶼á
˶֪ǰ;˭ʲô
»ΣգҲزˡĽƴੲݣн͸¶ҲҪȥ𣿡
Ү˵ͷĽƵֱ£Щᶨɫ
һǳǳ̾ϢĽתͷҵԴȡһԼĪСƿҮУҲһȥҲܰæ
Ү֮ϸֳһĨ𾪡
ǳ
ïֵĽƻָڼӣһĽת񣬻ɢҩԱһЩĽһֱЯţԱʱ֮衣Үʶ뽫ƿȥȻƴǵĻû˵ڣ㱻ס졣
ŰɡĽЦЦûʲôˣ˭ܾһܱûҪһЩĿȾ֮£վǺǰһˡ
ǻðɣ򣬾ǳ룬Ҳ⡣
ɽϿգܲŨīڣƬɫУԼ¶һǳףѿڡ
˻ľɽۣڰգལھ£λ峤Ϸ־ǣϯضдʣķģѾ⽥ҫܿɽͷƽӳ۳һ㣬ڲལϣǣе⣬쵼˻ľУʱ˻ľڵľоͳĲƣţһƿƣͶǵǳϡ
ţǴתֻһһ޴оͳǰ
½װվ½ֲ࣬ɫƽرǸǹƽձȷûôͱ˵ĸоֻϤ˲֪ȻɱʱᰲҲΣյʱԪӤΪʱʶǧꡣ
ʱ֣һԷѣƲʮ𼱵ҪҲҪȥ䣬û˻ǵĸ顣ѵ뾭ߣмԽĺѣ򵱳˼ͷȴܷĽʱòһԼи䣬ˣҲܻȥΪʱһԲֻΪܾܶʡȥ¡кţ    gl
½ٴһ˰ˣһĸڶ࣬ټȻвԨһս֮ï˷⣬Ҳüʱ¡
гֺǲδŽ롣
ʱл£֮࣬峤мģгȶΪλŵͨѾˡ½Ƿǣǣ̫࣬ң㸲Ȼȴ㰲ȣǨ棬½øԶԸʿ˳Ϲϵ˴峤Ȼ½˵ڲ¶ݵλǰȴҲֻЭǰȥ֮ͨһŲ㡣
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䣬һϮɫȹѽǰ
ǴæҮҴǼλ峤˺ã󲻵½ٿھҲҪȥ
䲻䲻ƳһۣƵ㵹ƲСˣͲ棿
ˣصľ飬ïֺ֮ҪΪ𣬿ҮǺǳ룬ϵ㲻ܣǰڽ¯ʮָмҮٶա˸볤뵽ҮĽƵĹϵҪٶһģǾ仰Ȼд̣ʵȰҮȥ
Үһ죬֧֧ôˡ˵ܲ㡭طӦԷ⣬㶨˶ֲ࣬ܰʲôæҲͰ˵ˡ
仹˵ʲôȴ½ٴϡ
ȷܰæɨά󷨵峤ϣִһҮĿ䵭ҮȴԼкһֿȡ
·֮ʲôڴѾõġ
ϢԼҲΣڵѪҺΣ
ǰδеĸо

ѹԼŻʧʲô
½۵׸ֳ΢ɼЦ⣬̤ȥ㱾Ӧеģ
䣬ıӰʧģеһȥǰ䣬ʿïҮϣº͵㻹ȥ𣿡
Ү̾һŪ飬ȻҪȥˡ˵գӰһΣ㴩УȥһȻͬء
ɽׯڴվѩУңңùɽùɽڵķ
ŷ֮ˮϷѩţԿ԰ľ󣬿ɵ֪ùɽѱƽĿľȻɽׯʱһģһľȴǽȻͬ
ùɽסĵطѾױݻˡ
ǽɽеΡ빬ڽеȻ޴棬ʣ¯µһȼա޼ҿɹ飬ǰ֮ˣסǵֽţ޴ȥ
ڣȴ֣֮ҲԼҴЩ³Ρ
˵ùɽ˶ػʱʱ˥ܶǲҲᲽϺ󳾣ţ¶ɬ֮⡣
תתȴʼдתҲǳͷɣ֮󣬱ҪΪѪծ
ٲãǶˣҲ͵ͷ˰ɣ̧ۣʼջɵգһƬѩתУ䷺һ˲ֱ
ΪѰ뿪˷ԭҼϹĴůѩԭȻͬģȻп棬ǧǵв
ֻϧд󲿷˶ûмͷӹźѰ˼ǲǸþʹǲɢˣֻܹأҲԭҪࡣ
ȻٵĽŲʿǧƶʱʩԷУ˼꣬ͷһصĽŲͷһ־ī㡣
Ϊĸвʿû뵽Ųī񾳽ĴܣеӹһĨɫ
һǰ½ٵѰ޹󣬾뿪ɽׯǻб䣬տī
Ϊ˵ȥ̸Σһֱīжһ˹˹ĵģʱȴңǹźˮʪɫļ鷢;æܳġ
īǰǳʲô𣿡볯һʵ
īȴҲ۾ֱԶ˳Ŀ⿴ȥڿԼǰעӵĵط
ԭùɽڵλá
ȺƬ̣ɵôȻδ˵Ȼֹ
ֻһһ˲䣬ɢ˱ԭϸѩ֮ˮϿϴ뿴಻ϵɽͽ԰Ⱦ档
ܿٶ£ڱҰеޱ޼ʵƮѩ벻÷ɲֻ֮ԼĻþһתͷͿī۽µᣬ룺
ܲǻþ
Ľ¯֮ϢӰӡ


156 
̤ǰ, Үһ¡½һ, ֮лʲôܡ
֮һ, ʱܶ, ȻвҮ½غ, һֱܸĽ, ϴ֮ʱĽƻڼٰҶۣδг, ҮȻһ˹
ʱгʿʦڸɽǺ, ֻǰ, ˴ȻܾǰŹ֮ţȴʼղ֪ʲôӣ½ǰͨ룬޴֪;ʲô, ᲻ʲô, ˵硢׽֮ǰͷš
ʲôûС
һ̤Уӱ΢΢һǰһӰӹ, ܿŨص, ֻϡǰӰϳЩ½ЩʿʶԼ֮С
ӦһЩ΢ǰᡰһ׹Ϊ֮Ϊ
ɸڰգƬǰڽµľɽѲӰƵı̿գĿҲ½صĴڡ
գǺ
ǧǰɽӿ£ɽͷӿб𣬸ڰգĿ޲̾Ϊֹʧ֮һ֣Զʤ磬Ȼ쳣һּʿӿͻƵĻԵ
ҮԼ֪й֮Ĵţľ޴Ӱϣ̫УźӰԺ嫣ˣ±ȴʱҪӴǰӰƶǰ½ߺǾǵľɽ𣿡ܾ⸡űȾɽ󣬸һɽͷܻɵġ
˵ţ̧Ǹһָһ˲㲻ŵֻۣͻһǴ̣ģײСƤҲƬ
ԭģ˼̳ѪۼףҮһֱԷΣģѰʿ죬һ֪֮оԳֱࡣ
ô£ͼʩȥ֡һ˼̶Ƭǰ½Ѱζ¶ʱ˼Ȼ
֮УѪȻԾ½֪飬Ż¶ǰ顣
ʿǼȡΪã޵УΪļǿ˵ȴҲУѧѪеһܹ磬޷ͻơɴ˿̣ҮȴԼȻͬ·ǾõĻجͽȻѹÿ䶼ǰδе
ұӦеģ⼸䣬ſ֣Ų
ǧʵһֱ뻯ʿ࣬Ƴʵ˥˲٣ȴŵˣǰΪǿ
ױг˵ΪѪսϡԵʣԶԶȲǰ
ԭƺȻˡſ֣ģǰʩܽеˮֻۣһУˮȻȻšһɡΪѪˣòĻŻʧЧ
ﲻǾɽʲôط󣬵ȴƶ
֮˽ֹڵ;˵˴ȴֹϤУƬǰԾ
Ĺȴйֽڰĸо
֮ѪȷѪϡ˥һƳֱٺ󣬲̲ڵ˹½ٷ·𿴳룬ƵֻΪ½ϡ٣ʺˣͬҲʺǡ
ǣҮɵ
ʱһǸϣɢΡɽҮǰ
Ϊ֮½ļ£ɽȴ֮ľйٱ
ƬУߵʮɣһãͱһ¥Ҫ׳˶޴ֲ֦ɽСӵڹһݼ˲ߣ֦ͷ䣬ĩ޵ĻһһϣϢƵģĻ̬죬Үƽδࡣ
ԶһȪȪ˸͵Ĺ⣬ѰȪˮͶչ⣬ȪˮȴǱͻᷢ⣬һֻ¹Ȫˮͨëɫףֻжһëɫ԰δӽҮܸܵڳԣ
¹ʲôǰһţ£𣬽סɢ¹ʧˣţԶֻ񣬷ɵü죬ӰһͲˣǱƵġ
ҮĺȻҲкܶľ󣬵ȣԵˡ
ǰеľ̾ԡ
ڰյɽѷ棬ĸȻֹһǴСС١ǧ˵ɽ඼Ʈڸߵĵط
ĿѣԵľ󰡡
һĵ챻Ը߿׹£ȴδǱסһ㡣Щ죬ЩɽһдУЩһƬߣмƵ죬ЩưܵĳǽԼܿݵ
ҮѭЩϣû׵Уȥ̽뿴ߴʲôȻֳĨȴ޻Ӧ类ʲôϢһ
Ĩɫ¡ޡ
Ϊ񷣬ϿΪԨǱȪߵƵġ
⵽ʲô
Ү૵Ʊ׳֮סٿʿҲһ𾪣ԭмС̸ʱƵģҳïֺͰ䶼⡣
ֻ½ٻһƽ̧ͷЩɢڸĸ¶һĨЦɢˣѾʼˡ
֮Ϊиƶˣһ֣󸴶ʧǧÿγ֣ʿ֪֮ͣγģʵֻǵײĵ졣
޵ϷСĵ죬ЩϷŨɢǱ㶼ֳټ
岼ĸУһ֣Ե͹ƵһǣһŮվߴͷϷޱ޼ʵİɫ
Ԩ
Ͻ簡૵ľƵϽԳͳԡ
һƬߣƵ¸ǰǧϴݲ˵ûаϢΨйѵĵ᾵ʯ
ɸߵķ̨ڵУǱǷ̨֮ƣˮϢʿ̨ϣĿתƣƽɫ°صȴԶ׼Ľ͡
أ̨һʿ¶Լͬ¶͵顣˭һ·ٶһ̶ʹĥ
ԨعͷĿⲻ÷ɨµӣڸ̨Ϯϡ
ģ·ڴϢǰԶϸϸѪϣǽΪһ壬ֻ֣̽סǰѽ
ȴüͷ˫ȭѵ˶ҪѪߣ磬˸ҫ۵Ĺą̂Ľɺɫӣֻƻԭ
㾢ֿջǹһһй㲻һƺߣϯʹһڣҪιȥ
Ǳԭ Ӱϣշɤͷ̧̧ͷӳŮĮȻɫΪҪֿл겻٣Ľ
ҧҧָ۵øţ͵͵
ԨüͷһܿչȰǷֻ̥𽣣
뻺һģһĴ𰸣۲ȥԨɫƽż尾¶Լ䵭
Ѱ˴ľǷˣЭȴʼնĻش
֮ӵпص֮ԽҪΪµ񣬴뿪ƶ½硣
̼ǵԨǶο˵ǣţƶ·˵ʲôȻһ㡣һӦԨˣɼʿĻȸԾȴã
һ˾ʲôףһûУ·Ԩ˵ıϵ
ɡ
ҪȥţӦġ
üΣЩ̲סҪ֣ѭѪߵǣȥסǱ
ͬڵ̨ϡԼڽ¯ʱɽʲôܣʲôˣ˵˼콣С
ǽɱ¾ɷףؼһִڣΪκʹһĿ
ҲΪʲô·Ǳõѹռ壬֡Уļ䣬Щĵ׵ɫʣ¶ȣһ㱻Ĩȥ
ǲ޴ӽʱĻҡ
ؼǵÿһ£ʱĽ̻壬ɽľദĵεΡ
зȴϸ΢󣬾ƽ
˾ɥںˮҴ棬ȥҲһg
һڸֻΪ
Ľȴһ˳Ƶʶ֪
Ѿˡ
ǣϵ
Ҳ˵öԣұ֮
ۣ۵ĨްÿÿҪӱܣĨ΢ȫȻϨʱ뵽Ƕ۵Ļ
һϸش硣κӰ죬ǽȷ˺档
Ȼ뵽ֹһθ¾Ϳˡ
Ҫֻ֮ҡ
̨ٶȻζԨӹһĨȴܿ챻ѹ¡
̨ûش֮Ϲ󣬽Ϊ֮衣
ǰѽ
󣬳쳾ǣϵնϣڵĽȫѣǽ⽫ĥǽ֮ʱ
ԨĹıǧŲúһУߵÿһʱնڲʱδʿԳŭ֮ɫǷ仺·̨ʾĵȴ̧ͷĨɫأٶʧС
ȻѾôãٵƬֺη
½һտأȻïֲѰٷ뾡ҳԨڡ
֮쳣ҲȻͬïȻоչԼ仺½ɳ̽飬Ȼ˶ȥЭï֣Լų̬ռһߵأһԲԶֻûã߱ضһӰҮ˹
ɫش˼½٣úſڵ㵽˭֣µĿкżֽ䱸У⵽
֮ǰ½ٺʶģΪɢڱ𴦵ᣬ֮ǧǰų֣ɽһǷ˾۾ӵأ½ᶼڼƫƧʿѽӽĵطڹºѰö֮ǰԾɽ֮¶һ֪òȥ½ٶȴϤξ̾ɫ糣Ȼء
˫ʱ˸źĻʱѱ˰ɫ͸ɷϢѹȸи
ҮԼı仯󣬱½ʲôͬܿͷ½ǱصԶԼʵ˰˾ųɣ½ȴǼȻǹΪʿï֣ԨΪС
ѪͳŻչֳǿʵ̾
½ƳһۣһۣѹܿƿĿ⣬ĬԶ˺һӲŵǰͬ࣬Ҳ޷֣֮ǳ֮ڣ˴Ϊ֡ɤͳȻÿһֶЯŲɺӵ׹½ǰǳ֮Ϊɽ


157 
Ү, ֺ, ۾ɵô, ɻ䱻˵, ˿ȥһȱˮ㣬, ò׳, ȴֻһɰͰ͵Ц
ڿʲôЦ˵
λƽϽ磬˵ʲô˴Ͻġ뿪½, ˺Ѷ·δڹһ, ֻģĴ˵ѰǵӰӵ, ƬҲ泤һȥµֻģĻ档
½ȴ˵Ͻ磬̫ˡ
Ү֪ȥǼ֣ŵһ˲Ϊ½˵Ц, ı, ûаЦ˼
ͲǻῪЦˡ
ʿɽ׽ٱǰϽ磬Ϊβ½磿½ٷʵ
ʿɽ֮ʣͷų޴, ʹͻףʿ׽г۷̥һ˲ǵʱָͨ, ӵ֮ʿϽ硣
ɡǡҮͰ͵һʱԼ˵Щʲôá
ȷ½˵Ȼ½ʿͻϣϽʿӵиǿӦø״ϲǡȻ䣬еŸͷĿɫһԼУƺеһж˽ָͣһɴԿȫòǧǰ׷ʲô
ǧǰ˾б䣬ʹ˳ߣͬʱ峤ͬܵ˱仯ʱδ̫꣬׵׷ʲôֻǵرͻȻ࣬Ľȥгǣ˵֮ʶ곤ϸ֪쳣ӦþǾɽϵ䡣
ѾǺܾǰˣʶɽ±˻ĳǳйأǳл̻̲õɧʱУǷ֪ǧǰ飬ֻûüͱˣ֮Ҳûлʳڡ
Ȼϵǧǰйأȴû뵽½ٺҲǣУκ˹ϵܡ
ֻһܶ±˵ͨˡ
½ٺǧǰͻȻֵģڴ֮ǰûκδڵļ
гǺǽԹ꣬Ѿ˼Ҫҵ½ٵ㣬ȴʼһ׷ݵģһǰɽƽϢɽױǰȻֹǱΧʱųǰ˾߳һ㣬һչֳǿʵȴû֪ǵϢͨˣ˵ʦкη
ǶģҮΪͨܿ˻ľЩɬģʹ壬ҲֻһЩϲ
ҮΪΪᲿԵʣϸϸã뷨վסšصĲ壬վмѰƩӱԭĻһԶӶˣ겻ȫȻ޴ںۼ½ٺĹȥȴһƬհףһ˿Ѱ
Ծһ૵㡢ǵʲôݣĪϽ֮񣿡ɤһ˿ײľη½˫ǰгĴ˵Ȼһɺ⡣
˵֮ңΪǰѽΪ̥֮Է˵ɣӦǺڷֽʱ۾ѱɫɷŰЩµ壬ѪǶѻɽΪɷȾѪΪΣΪȴʶʹ¾£Ϊ飬౻Ϊħ
ҮһΪػ˻ľ֧ᣬ沢δ뵽ǳѪսУЩһֱֽŽɵ̬ȣ½ٵģǡħ𡱵ĳƺţں֪Ϊ޻̸֮Ĵ˵оηʱתΪ£ʲôϵ
½ٽ仯ֻ÷һЦݣûݡԶɤͳȥɽΪѪһΪ磬һΪ죬ߴꡣҳʱɽͷ֮á
ꡭҮ֣۵ӿֳŵɫĪ죿꣬˼ӡУƽϢ֮ս㸲䣬ܵƽ
ΪȥϽ磬ΪĤ𣿡½кض˼ֳϽɲʲôԴ֮δʧһʴϽ磬磬½Щѷ飬ѻҷ𡣡
½ʿΪ˷ֶΣֳ̬Ү֪ʶ˶ٴΣǱʶԶԶù½磬Żôʿǰ̣½һһʱ֪Ӧԡ
½ٿϵã˵½籾Ӧӣ쾹עһԸɢҲҪԿ
˵ú·̸ʲô޹ؽҪ£Үȴľ̶֪̼̱߸
ڻ磬£ع֮ʣ֮˶Ϊȴ֪Ƭأڻ硣С飬жɽϵܵ棬ھУŰ
ȴ½硣
Ͻ콫ûѪǶѻɽ赲аɷǱɽԼ໯ѪΪڣɽۡ½ɤƽϲŭɽٽǲ࣬µ顣ϹأأǵĵʽƣӵѪȴɽ˶˵һҲΪаϮԵʣǸΪѪս룬Ҳ֪Լʲô
ǣ򣬻б𣿡Ү
ˣ½ٵһЦҺԴԲͬѪ죬㲻һ壬ɽͬˣֻͬһƬطˡ
أ
Ҳ޼½ûŹҪô½磬Ҫô˰ɡ½ɫĮҺΪӻŽӹһ١
Ϊζӻǣ
½ȴǶӻǣֻΪʱǾǸ˵йŵ۽⣬߼࣬Ȼһͻᱻնɱȥһ̽ɽȴֵлбˣǾ򡣡΢΢ۣ׷Σһȥǵ۽ңҴģ˭ܿøɲ֪ΪΣǵɽȴûʲôǺܿͽУֻǻûü´ؾͻȻˡѹǾˣȻ˥òӣô
˥Үֵɴۡ
òΪϽȫ˰ɡ½ټڽԶʤ磬ɱ֮Ͻ磬ȴֵһᣬҺ˺ܾù򣬲Ӧϡ
ҮŽɴۣʵΪλ׹½磿
䣬½ٵɫ˼֣ɤֵͳЩȾѪζΪλ׹½磬ǧһֱѰҴ𰸣ûԨأڻһĪչʱһǵллǵġ
ƿ磬㾡֮Լ־άϵ½һнķ򣬶½νҲ⡣޶ޣͬʱ˽
Ϊ˶ƻӣ⽫ϤϽ磬½ʿȻܴȥϽ֮ͨȴ򲻿ɡ˺ȱڣڽ½һ˲ܲס½ϡɢء
ʱ½ٺУŽδ
ǳ룬ʲôҮɵúһģһ
½ٵɫ˰
ֻǻδ˵ͱǰһӰϣǰ䣬Ǹǹǹأ壬Ȼ½ٺҮܿб˵ơֻһᣬǹͻ鶴˵
Щɰɡɫص˹ˣƺԨ
½һЦǵʡ˹򡣡һϳ˲ʱΪ޲ֱϣƣɢɱ֮ƳһҮлĻҲֱȥʳ뱾ˡ
˵ӰһʱԶ
ҿ϶Ըһ֮̾
֪ǵҮؿ
ҵԸ֪ҿڷȽϽһЦõıڡ
ҮԡŶһкɫһ棬ԤϵҪ̫ˣȻǿάƽҳһš
½˵ʵ֮ͨģǱаɷʴɵĻ磬ԨҪԺְ취ƽ˴½һͨп»ֵĺˣ½Եֵ
̲ס룺Ƿˡ
սĳУĽưмö뺣ʱһ۴⣬Ͼǽ֮ɫ
Ǽö뺷ֱҶۺڸ¡䱦ĶĿɽׯҶϪ٣ѯһжһݺгǽֿʼӿҶ۴ֶԸЩԸһɨЩϰĴҪ᧿ΣֻҶϪǣҶۣԴһ
Ӧóĺú˼ԲߣȻ⼸ճ˽еϢһһ⣬Ҳûκνչ
Ү뿪һֱЩʱȥأ⼸첻Ŭ޷˼ƿ
ÿʱỵ̈ΨǷ񰲺á
ǧҪ°̾һʱƳһۣȴһĨһ
Щǻ⣬ɻ̽ӣ뿴ƶֻһ΢ĺۼϼƵġ
Ҳǿ˰ɣĵʱ΢ɫһ˷֣Żع
ι̵Ľ磬ССһֻɳ涼ʲô
ɵǰжʱŵɫ
Ѷ˸ˣ˶
ȥ˾ɽ֮ĽƱסҲ;ʵԸ䣬˾ʧˡ
ǰɷѿĲµĽͬ裬費סԷƬ̡
㻹ǲԸ𣿡
ϵ𣬳뻺̧ۣͷޱӣ۵׶ʱʹ֮ɫ
ΪҪѹ㲻ҪغܸܵԼûӦ֮ǰһԵΪҲҪס
ʣ
ս֣ܿɿúΪʲôҳ֮ǰڼƻΪʲôɤд˵ƣ롣
Լı仯Ȼһֱڵֿȴֹǹɽ⣬أŭ޷ᵽˡ
ȡ֮ǽľĸоʲô޷ĵ׼˿ֻǿԼȥʣȥ룬ȥѰһԭܾάʶʧС
֪Ϊʲôִҿһһ㡣ǰ£ɣм뵱ڽЩƣֻ˵ľȻͬҲЩױ䷨ΪƶбɺҲŷ֣Щˣ;ɽʱĹ¶Ҿʴӱ㽫ƸɽϤ࣬ܵҴУҲȷҺԻʶ֮£ܳҡ
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ϼصĶ޹Ϊλ³ʦ尲ο˵ˣ褶ǰвʣֺγˡʹ£ɫȴƽʹἰԼвʣɫҲ˿仯ǡãǲལе֪˵ɽ࣬ȻΥ֪£Ҫ˳ƶΪɡ
ڸ֪º֮ǰѼһǽвл꣬ʱĻȺϸ࣬Ҳࡣ
ˮ˵ĻԵǵõУ֪ܵһзľ
غЦЦûЦէЦݣȴֻ⳹ǡ
褶֪½ν֮ˣ춨µķˣعΪһⷨҪޡ赭дıǧ꣬ңԻֹٲۣվߵһ
üѵضһ֣ȴܿ챻ǿȳԭ
ƳһۣҪ׷ѹˣֻҪ㻹ھܾ޷ҵĿơ
һͱʩѪ䣬ǵɰӡؽԼľѪС
Ѫ䷨żŹ֣ųٳٲ鲻ԭίΪǾ֮£һжϣؿߣ㲻׼ľȥ̨忴롣
ïֵĽ类ƣýǳ룬ֻ˭벻ǻƾѪ䣬ؿֳʶʱͷʹʶֵԵʣںδᱻҵʶ㣬Ż᲻һСԸҲҪɱء
˷Ҳ󣬷ǵճҪྫάϵܵˣҲһ뷴ϡ
ںˮͷϮҲˣԨӹһ٣ԭͿͻ龳磬ʣһҲδ޿ܣֹڻĩڣΪܽƾѪ볤ѪںϡٶǰڽƾѪĨ˴룬Сȴױɡ
ԨǷڡ
ֻ:ˡ
ˣڲأ
ΪʲôҡһЩƲסҪȥסǽҵ˭
صĿϣòſس룬ֻƳһۣ߱񴩹Ͷط
ڿų룬ɿֲ
֮ģ֪ģκ˶ࡣ


158 
һ˿ã, ȥ, ˡ
ǰЩӡ, оͼ, һһΣһ˿©, ϸ΢Ľ䶼
ǳĹȥ, ȴĹȥ˵̧ۣ볤Ĩʵ, ֪ΪλỽΪ룿
Ӳһ, 仰ζ, ȴԼʲôŸΪĺ䣬еĿն˺øĬܾòСʦ˵Ϊͩ±񵽵ġ
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ΪѡͻȻ˵תͷҲһǽȥ
ٵǰȫϣܹ˺һȱڣ泯ᵽ˼Ʒ˿սζΪԼҲɱҪһû֮ʣһ֮жʱɢȥ
󣬺󱳱һƣͷֻü½׹ޣҰٶȱ⸲ǡ
ÿһ㡣½ٵĮɤԻһư˵գ֮䡣
ҪѵڶΣҮһ嵽˳ߣȡԷҩ˳ųʺθ
ȺƬ̣Ӧѻɳ˫ĿգɫҰףϢѪĵģѵļ
ҮһȥǵõĽƸշ±˳Чȴɫ
ⳤվ޷Ťת
ųӣۿһ죬ѹԷҲ½ӭٲվ֣ºһ£ͷһʱһ˳
֮޷֧ˣɫװɽİ׹ڻһʧ
ܿ죬̨ҡվ뿪ȴʧɫһ߽֮ϣױһƬǣмɷԽޣ̨
½Ҳͷ쳣֮䣬ס
ؼ״ͷӣȴĻƵ˻ԭ
һϮ½ţ˭ҲңҲСٶȳسȥѪ߰ߣںҲȥΪسʵ˵ز̾ԺеģΨСɱ֮һ
ڶֻ̨һ֧ţεҮվȣͷɫһʱһīɢ˵Ϣһ˲Ҫк¡
һҪֹУһȦٶĨȾѪİϡ
ͷһĩˣһᣬ󣬽Ѫ볤С
ѪڰԵǰ֮ѪҲͬˣԷ֮Գܡ
ǽ֮أ


160 
Ľױ˺ɫ, ԭĳɫ·ǽ, ÿһЯҲԽԽ
赲ܹپ, һն, ȴסס, Ȼǽٽһܹж, ɱεĻرþȫҲ޷ٶֺ
Ӧ˲ŶԡݱƣɳƵɤĦ, ֲڶ̶Ԩ½°ʱԾ, ˿ȴ¶ִ֮ɫ, Ϊʲôţ
һ㽫ѹ£ƽأĿ׺ЩʧԵ¾ޣǳЦݣǰҲΪҸˡ
°˻ľһ˲, ȷű֮ġ
㵽ʲôˣʵ
㵽ʲôˣ
, ѯ߻ŭ򾪾壬¶ɢЦ, ЦЩŷɥ͸¶Է
ֻûһġ
½飬½ʿνݣֻǵֻƬ, Ȼ󲨡
ʲôˣۣ۵׵ĺˣĿǱ˸ѪĽϣһʱ䣬˼Ʈһǰ
ΪԼӹһһνѺڵĩ·
ԨУһ̣Ĳʧеɳ˲ţҲѰټԽԽԶϮ£ÿһ̶һֱۣʶɢ
ٶۣӳһƬͨ죬ģģΪͷغĽ¯һģһᣬܿʶⲻ
Ƿ֮ǣѪɢأ벻ֻء
һЩӲɤˡ
˵ϤҲ˵İ˼òŷӦͷвĻʱ
Ǿ̡
ѻһ߿ݹǣһ˵Ϣ˿˿Ѫɫĳմ˴ƬѪۣڿľϵƲ˵ҪΪֻʬ
أҪ٩䣬ǵûǰеĲ࣬˲ϲ鿴Լ״æʵ
Ľ¯ķӡ֮ءԼڳ룬Ҳ֪
Ȼ֪淢ʲô
󣬼ֵǾϣȻסȴβˣԺ߶첻ˡ
ԣֻԶ˶첲ʹÿһʱҪΪ۳Ƶģһ˿ܲסҧҧǿվһ̾һڣȥ
ٶѹеľһģһ׹˶ạ̃صֻǳĬ
ĩֻԳΪ˭֪Ǳ˱šڲϵơ
Ȼһڵʧò࣬Ҳǿάֵĳ̶ȣǿһɢҪеһػ磬Զǻڴˡ
Եǧ꣬˵ؼء
ֻҪۣԼ˯ȥʲôˣһеĿպǣޡ
ȴԸۣʶԸ
룬֪Σֶܾȥ
أôỹšպز䲻ȿʵ
ɡݾ·̱ҲʲôҵѪҲ˲леһҵ˵أ֮໤뿪ʱգҲֻǹӲдˡ
ἰԼȻҪϵվ֣ģ޾⣬·ԼϡƽС¡
㵹ǲ˹ǣǣʹü
ѾһΣȻ¡
Գ̾һҲһأһǲ
˸пţǰģжʱһʹ
Ȼ˰˻ľԨӵ£Ҳ֪Ťת棬֪½ǲƾ֮ԾʶٻɢǿԼͦ
վ첻ոһգˡ
ǽ¯Ψһһδʴĵط콫ӡڴ˴Ľ˽ٻ𣬾ö֮Ϳճһʵء˷渲ǣĪ˵ʧȫʢ֮ʱҲұ֤ȫˡϾ˴ٻԶӿرĽٻܱ⡣
ֻܵΪֹ˲ô
вʣвʡ
ȻһһϢĶͽͣܵľʹĺſܡ
һͼվδ󣬳Ĭ˺ܾõͻȻڣ㻹ţܲ˼顣ĮЯһױȵѹ
һ̧ͷƳ۵˸ŰɫĹ⣬ϵƣʱܵǰδеΣδ¹ʲôʱһ˲ĵܿЦЦҲӲˡ
ոһȥҲֻͽʹࡣ̶
Ҳ޹ءЦЦӺȻֻһЩϧ֮ˣȥܺùʲôûС
̡˵ǸˡƬ̣ص͵Цӡ֮棬ڣܵϣ뿪
ϣɻѵһʶ
˵飬Ҳ⣬ԡ᲻֪ǵϿɣλα򡣡
ۣ˼κǿһԡᣬȴ㹻ᶨ
Ž֮ƾһִǰδеĥͼ尾ڵأ
㵽ʲôˣһʵͬʱһ˲֮ʣͽȻҷĺۼֱϷ̨һǡ
ӱȴη壬˷Цӣȡɽ֣ԴѪС
ӡ򡭡ص۾΢΢󣬼Ѫ⸲Ƶгε𾪣
ΪϹ֮һα֮ʣΪ
סɽѪԡ滯ΣӵĻԼ
ѪֽصĽƫ̽Ѹײڶ֮ƿסĲӣЦ֮ͽѴ̡
ҲЩһظ߸߾𽣣ԽԽ۵ϣƵѪҲŨأӶѪС
һ˲һն䣬Ļ֮𣬽ˡ
ʶԴԴӿ룬ķԹԼ
̧ͷѹϿգشЦеƽƽΪ˲ϧǳҡ
˵ʱּÿһڿУ΢ķ۳÷ޱȡ
ܹҲЩںδͺֻȡţһΣȥǻ֮£һҪز
̨һá
ѪȾ˳촽԰׵ɫȾޡ
ӳŽضȾϳĻ⣬ƶԱĻ˾Ķǡ
ϣҮվҡҡ׹̨ϣļ١
֪ԼǰԴڵϣܿһ˲Ҫ浹ķ̨ҷ𣬿ų룬ǿҪվסʱҪУҲһá
½ڵһնڷ̨ʱʩס֪Ҳһʱˡ
ȫȻǱʯȥģ½ٸסֻܰҮЩʱ䡣أӿؾʶҪһɫٱ䡣
ϱֻһ˲ʱĶԱѣˣҮߣ
֣ΣҮۣȴҲᣬ޷ٵƬ̡
ʱһĿԡ
ᣬʱûڷڵУţͿָ˶ɿݵʲôûȴ̲סû
ͬʱʣһйǵķ̨֧Ųסһ¡
ҮֻһգǵӿѹǰһڣЩʹȥӱһưǰһζһֹͣʱͨһƬȴûԤеʹ
½վ˫Уס˵ĹǼܣȻȼգȴɢ˵ɱ˳õˮ˿ܿʧ١
˿ԶȥȻ˫ĿգɫҰףǰ΢Ȼ˺
Ȼ˿ٲƷţ
Ү̽̽ȷһϢд棬ų׷ģ̱ڵأ֧֣·£һֶó
һ֮ев½ٱ㽫Ǹй׵һߣ߹ȥס֣κŲԶƬţڻš
ƵĻɫԷ߳һһߵúǲţֱ翵ڴӶЩ鸡½ٵĥ䣬ҪһˡŹϡ
С˴֣ʱһ΢ѪŽֻƸϡ
һ̣ʲô仯ûУҮȴʲôӲޱȵĶȻѣһ˲㱧ʧˣûüԷı飬̵ֻ֣лл
ǰÿɱ¾֮Ϣʧƴδڹ


161 
һ, ֮е׷ʲô֪ߴڲᣬֻһЩɲļأֻ֪֮֮ǿд, ΪߵʿУȻҲûл
ǰδеĿֻźܿϯ磬ŻϵĻϨ, 仯ʿһ֮ûһ롣аȺ׵ľأһʱɢҲ, ⳡƵ, ΨкгҶΪ˴ԨӵļƻгǵʵԱ, ӶȡǰԪ˵һ, Ϊ֮ףгִ֣Ųڳױ
ԨΪ, ½ٷ𷲼䣬ܿʵȥ, һ, ֮ɽʿ޽ʧЧΪҴ߿, Ǻŵļƻȫ̸ˮ, ַ֮࣬׷׶˽֮塣ûв͸ǽ½йɱѲ߳ӵϢǲֶߡ
ȻԨ۽֮ڣʺܲģ
ʵ֪Ҫ½ٵΪѻʯд˴ֻ볤йص˶ţԶϺ֮ϵĽնƵñл͡һѣۿºµĽڼ纣¥ΪȫŸ壬壬رɽţϼӽ䱸޽Ҫ֮£Ӳɽʿͼһϴȱڣ󶼲֮
ΪرӣȻԨеϾɱȦͼ̶˿գһζٶǰһ·ʧˣҪҳ˱κʱ򶼶࣬Ϊ˳롣
һð֮ʿҡɽаʿûϢǻƸɽʿɢøɸɾУ飬ԼͬС
ҡɽµķïֺͰأλ֮ʣΪԲС콣ʿóȻ룬ǱΧй۲Żж
伸δɱ䶼޷ǰ̶ʿŭƺ֤ʵ˳ҡɽڼùĵطµͬ˰нɣΪǿ׼
Ƹɽ̾ƺ֮ϣǧֻļ紺ľһȥһڵӳ󣬱ѩǵ¼壬缫أ̨֮һڽһ˥̨ܺ屾ѩٺɽϽһ̼ûһ⣬ؼΨзѩƮҡһڵĺۼѰ٣ʿ˴Ѱҳ䣬ڷÿһ䶼һǱ㽫ľ˱𴦡
ϾռŵѩɽزˣҲԸڴ˴Ǵһֳͷ
̨£Ѷʧ֮ǣС׵ˮٱ˴һ̶ˮҲ֮ɺԣ̶ļȡ֮ϣһ͹ʯ£һŮϥϴųһɣ֮ܽ⿪ϵıڣһֱûҲ㣬н֮ⷽء
̣ʿѰʱȴϢһڣ纣¥ΪŰﵱйǽ̨£Ϻ֮࣬
ѩ׷ϣˮֽɱȴʼ˫Ŀһ·ԭһʯǰһڱϣͬѩƣ˱вֻ;˴Ѱ޹йߵʿ֪Ǳǰ裬ΪǶ˽ꡣ
ԴҡɽϢѾܾûʿڸûˣϵıٲþҪѩУһѩ¡
һգѩɣԶȴͻȻ΢ͬʱסıӦѣһʱ̾ķɱȻӡ
ң׽סһֻӰˡдԺɤһ仰ɱɢ󣬹Żɫ۵ӰǰһԵʿڵϣԸһΪʲôڸô˵ͺá
˵գӰ߹ֱıȥۿҪײϣȴֻϷˮƵ·ɲǼӰʧˡ
ԭǱϾһֻͨΣܹ
ںһѵСͨɽϻѩ٣ߴǲľ£ǻɽδ֮ʱ̨ģɽ֡ԼһԺ䡣
ͥԺʺһԣձ˼СһĿӣŮУúϸ£СĽںãˮȥһöҲgҪͣһֻ߿ӣϱһ㱡
ʺ˺ܾãֱŮȥЪϢſ첽ԺС
Ůһȥմ·ûʶˣֱ಻һɣź֪תƤ͸̬Ĳ԰ףɽŵıѩѪɫüȴһɫİ̺ۣ·ѿڵͫһĿ⿴Գɡ
ֻ˫ӳ˵ģǰѸһĨǳЦ
ˡ
ɬɤΥĹأ˱治ԭģһɰͰ¡
д̽ʿѰһüһɰİ½ޣȴ֪ɰȻڣմȾѪ۵İҲͱˡ
ǰһſֽ뱧סҪ§סеȴڸܵеɲסۣ볤뷢䣬һЦһţ·û顣
ų£һȥϲһʵʲô
ֻ뿴Ųô¡Щ˼شͷС˵ǰԹĻˣұк¥ҴЩӹҲ֪ܷܲѿ
һ٣ǳɫһܿ¶ЦݣһƶῪģʱǹͻ
ã¥˵ЩǷϲĻأӦúܺÿɡӦǻ飬ȴȥע⵽۵׵룬ЦжʱȾϼֿɬ
ôȥϢɡָ̧˸ͷ·ڶԴı
˵ͷ૵ҿһʣµӰɡ˵ձط¾ͳ˯ȥ
ϡһߣıһ¿ˣЦ⵴Ȼ޴棬þƬߵԣĩˣȻС
ƻ裬ͻȻ˳ͥУȴǷ纣¥һֱ֣ӣá
纣¥һδԳı飬߹ƵǰáڣʵСʦ˯ô
ǵģҩɡ˵ֱӣҩ˼ζҩģЧٰѷӸ㡣˶٣ĿУ̾һֵлл㡣
չСʦҷ֮¡纣¥ͬע⵽ЩֵĺۼһŬάסƽȣ̽ʵΡнչ
оͺ˰ҡҡͷǲԸԷ纣¥۵׵ʧɿؼɽ׽μɵʿ̿ˣʱ䣬ǿȥ
纣¥üͷһʱȥ֣Ī˰йܣ
̨½֪δսĳһֻз纣¥һ˱֪飬˳壬һΪԱһҲȷ̨󲻱̨µ̣ʵΪ֮ˡ
뿪¯ʱһҩĽ밲̨˷ԭҵ̣Ҫɽ̱ڱԭԿĥ⣬طԸ޹ؽҪӦˡ
̨ͷ纣¥һֱֻ嶥Ҫ룬߾ĽʤʿѾࡣ
ԴïֺͰڷֹʲ󣬽Ƹɽʿжʱûİʿڸûʱɽǻ±ȻͬСɣ纣¥Ҵ⣬Ҵ˸ɽ¶ȥ
纣¥뿪ִһյͥԺ
µĻݣڳ㣬ڱѩʧȥºܽ磬Ƭɽͷѩڡ٣ЩŵҲҲزˡ
Ҳزˡ
ʶ㣬һ˲ϯŭʧȥǣս˫֣ѹͷľʯأƵҪ󺰴УҪͷŻ֮𣬽ǰһСƬȫվ
ΪʲôΪʲô
ŭҹĻգ˫ǿ̹ǵĺޣĮЩҶѳʿΪԼ
ҮѪס˳ȴҲǱס
ڼںϣǱն֮ʱ־ǿн뽣Ǹ룬סΪ˵ʶͬʱҲ˺ѣɹǾ١
ȻɢĻǱ֮Ѫǿۣưܲȴ޸
ҩĪڳ޷޲ٵɹǡ
оɳƣĿԶڳˣһһʱ䶼ڻ˯ÿúҩһʱ䱣ѡ
ΪΨһĽҲֹֻسΪһľղסٶ޷սȴΪ֧
ü˺ֻڶ˺֮һֻ֪·»жĺۼǽʱµģĸҩ޷Щʧ
ϸϸЩ˺ָۣÿһªĺۼĵ׵ķߺ޾һ㣬ҪԨĲе׽ǵƤ⣬նǵĹϿͬࡢ˿ڡ
أ
ɱʿҲ޷һ˿ɫ
ݵľͻȻǰἰһ仰
麣ɹΪһ壬޸麣ɹǷһ£ɽмأֻвбֻἰĲģҩ֮
бϼصΪ֮ǺŮ洴ɫʯ
սģֵǲб󣬰ݲƬĦҩ֮㿪ʼĴѰɫʯ
ɫʯֻֻƬĴ˵У½ٶֻ˵֣֪Ϊ½絽ûɫʯڶֻͶ·֮ʣǲ֪ٵĲƬٸһϣڽ¯£֮ҲԸֵǲԸΪ
ϣãҲùʲô
⼸볤ʱ仹һ£ʱĿĵѰ˷ԭ飬ٴӶ֮һ̲ͣ˲κ£ƾͥԺͣڻС
Ϊֹ㾡һ
Ī˵ɫʯڣ˵
ÿλ嶼ǰһҪһʼһֱϣʱԽԽãõҪŸ̤롣
üԦͷȴʲô
سĲӵĲ
ҵʲô˫ֿ졣
֪ʲôζ׹½δ޷Ļ䣬ȴĳһѾ͸ˣʱȥ
ͻȻ󱳣ͬḲս˫ȭ뽫Ǵŭ࿪
̫˶ûëһһмӲ֮ﶼڻɤ
ںܺã㲻Ҫѹ뽫ȫྱ˲䣬û壬˵һ飬Ҫѹˡ
Ȼˣһòá


162 
ѩͣ, ͣ, ֹ
ٶȶ뿪, ʿĲ½˷纣¥
ʯƵѩ, ǳССķ粨ӭһοͷ
עããѩԭ, ʱ˷ԭĸо˷ӿ䣬ɢ¼ŵϢ˷ѩ, 
ǰ, ǿɽˮıأ̼ǵøհһʱ߷β, ֺ, ·֮ɾ, ˿̻룬ʱ⾰Ǿˮ¡ִ
뿪¯󣬸ڵһлҲɢ, ΪĲлʹƻ̨
Ҳڽ¯¶ȹºЩƻŭԹ޶ĥƽ˰ɣµҲֻ˲²⣬ͬҲ޴ӱ𵱳Լ֮, мǳڱġ׹Ӳ׹˿ռ֮أƽָп
ͻȻŲѩϵ
ֻͷ纣¥ϢģʿӯδҲᷢ˱صĽŲ
˲ϢǱУһܿ죬ǽͱԭָɲǣѱݡϾΪͨ˵ϢοԷûͼ
ҡ볯ȥźĶ񣬴Ӻ棬ǳ˰˫е뵿Ũ
Ǽһγ⣬ȻúůͣԵ͹Ϻ̤Ǳھͱεһ顣
̻˻ӽʯ⣬ڳɨ䲻Ҳɵһùɽһûм룬ֻ֪˵úأȴ֪
ֹأǿš
ǸƲɵİ½ޣӰӶҲˣĵײһ˿֪ʧ䣬ϧĩˣջĿ⣬侲ﲻʺ㡣
Ͼͻȥ߶£Ӷȡһӷǰ
ӻȵģǲѩܿڻˡ
ʲôʵԳ˽ֹڽ˿̵Щðĺʲô
ڵʱҼĵҽ£Щ뽫Ӵ򿪣Ǹݸ̣ʹ㳢ллôɽ·
üͷһ壬ΪʲôߺǰʿйصĶôû뵽ǸʳУѱٹȣƴǣƳüǵ˺ۣܾĻձĬȡԥǽӹǸꡣ
εĸУûκλ̳һڣҲ˵ζΣ˽ʳĸо
뿴ȥû˵ʲôһģЦЦҵкܺÿĻƣôȥȾϼָл׷ǰЩҲ֪ԭôѡ
һεĻѾܺˡ˵ǰһԼͳĳƽ̸Լ԰οˡ
ҲǡЦЦվӣ򵥵ĶƺͺķվһżȻȥˣʳ´ιá˵תȥ
ʱ̵ͻȻЩԥѾŲ˶ˣ֪𣿡
֪ƽ·ֻʲôɵ¡
Ϊʲô㣿
֮һʱʿղĵʧΪ뷲죬οǱ٣ҩҽֻܿҩ֧ţʱ᳹ױҲ£Ҳ죬Ҳһ˲̲Ϊʲôɻһδ뿪ȥѰҲڵľ֮
£˭סģҲһҡŻѩ²ȳĽӡЦЦҲҪȥ
нΪޣһ֮ͬ衣
һȥ಻
ŲƵӲдȴҪȥκʱҪȥ
ҲǴ޽ԽԽǰ£ҲξЩԺδǲļ䣬ļ䣬ԼսڽµĲӰ
͵۽侫δʧǱУĵ۽бᵮ飬֮Ҳ޷Բһ˿˻꣬˽顣
̳òʱδ׿̱ΪıܿƣΨһܸܵıǶ½
ƽϢҺ쳤õڽУǱΪĽ˵˼ѪסаһжɢأΨڽԳľǷ飬˽ִԽ֮ʱƽ¡
⽣½ͨһ˲ڿǰǿУһ˻ָǰֻء
Ϊâֻۣǧֱ꣬ǣŵ
߰ǰɽУһ˼ҾѲһŮӤǽΪ˵ĵһ
󣬱ˮһҹ
ȥˮµķ棬ͼѰЩͳйص˿ôȥˣˮµĳˢǽǧٿףﻹټѰֻˮµ۰׹ǣ˵״
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Ϊʱصƻʱڷ̨Ѫ֮ʱкγûкޡ
޲û֮ع١
أɱ˺Щˣأ޷أڱˮϵȺһʢ
οҲûжȥˡ
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ûҵɫʯܻȥ
Щξ˴ȴӲֻԸ顣ɽˣΪ˻Ϊйء
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ﲻͬȥĺۼ͵Ȼ޴棬лڴļأϹДͣ
ÿһÿһʯͷÿһʯޱϸز쿴Ī˵ż֮˵ϢҲ㣬ĸ䣬ֻ˼ķʤ
ĪǴһգ
ڽˮ׶һǿסͷʣӿʼĵطͷǶǰͷˮɵһء
ʱ򣬳ʶĴڣһж棬ٸʸָ⣬Զе룬׽ŪƢȻڿɡǶС׻ʱһ˲ĺܿġ
ǿųϼ棬ΪԼͬӭ֪ʱĿֻ꼻һ֡
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Ϣһʮʿλֽߺһͯǰڱʲôʬ壬һӱյýڣӦڸոյбɱġ
ֻֽԪӤΪ˺˶ֻǽʿͯʮ꣬δ˿ѾȥһʿšΧסʮʿеһԪӤʿ
һƳ˫ǿ⣬ĵѰ𣬲ѰﵹҲϡ档
֮ˣûֻżˣŻ´Щ£ʲôûҵûжµ£Ҫһ˶ԸʮʿҲô򵥣һɨȺûֵģ뿪
ʱȥսĳٻˣţĿûκѿ֦ϣкȻɡ
뵽λƼˮĸȥʱķŭͷľסС¹𷲽ڿഫǾƶб
ţҾЩԳĵ漴һΧȦУָһͽʿķ÷飬Цҽ첻ٿ˶˭ҹ
Χʿ֪֣һ־ͻɵסţȷӦ˽еǴ˽˶Թ˲Ҫ£
ΧʿиæݵλǰȾǣǻڵӣδԩ޳ֻı᱾ű
ڡ֣һµȺʿͼȻκλҶϲ˵ڶ顣δ䣬سȺֻһǰʿ˲ʱ׷룬ԪӤͳصԭһμǵͷ­ȺУһעϲϼĿ־壬һٳһŻ𣬻ؽʿԪӤվҺͣ£Ƶ˵Ҳϲʱ͵Ϯ飬°ɡ
Щʿ໥˸񣬵ƵˣһֶҶ˵ȷǵȷѾ뿪תǼͬŵ亹ֱĻڵӵڵˣʲôǼ˹ڵϲסսֵɣǵʱȤ
һڣǼվģ˺һΪʿŽͰ͵ѾͶ·ˣ֮أԵ
ԭ꼧ǧһĽײ֪ȥ򣬻ںܿͰˣλϿάϵûţеΪԱӴ˲˭֪ǰ֮Ϣ˶лܣƵĻһӱʸ֮ģȺ֮ʴĽڡ
ڵһٳƽʧȴԸţǰгϱΧɱҴӷּ·ֻʳӣֻʣ⼸ˡ
ǧŴζԳ벻ͽͽ֮ģ˹ҲϵĽ׵ȷԸ˷ʱ䣬˻־ʹ뿪ǧ˺г𣬽ˣ߰ɣ´ٳǰ»Ȫ
Ǽϴг𣬶ʱŵɫЩٴι
ʱԶƴһŵɤ
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163 
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, һֹһĨٻӰȻ, ǸɵŮ, Щ־סĻ, ɵûˣҮ˭
Ե˶ص౨, ȴΪƣʼûҮ档
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ݲðأɵгǴû͸¶䣬Ҳἰɫʯһ¡Үڴ˵طֻ꣬˵ǻԵɺϡ
ԴгǺ޸ϵҮΪλ⣬гʲô¶û뿪Ǵ̽һҮڷ磬ûüʣҮһʵô⣿롪
ʳȴϣ·㣬гǴţʲôƳǼʿһĨЦĪǣҲִĽ׵ģ
ЩʿԶʱɫ䣬ȻҮʲôݣ㹻Ϊһ磬ҿ鲻ƣΪѣƱزǸ޻֮
Үǰ˽Ĳ֪ĽģɱҲûá˵˳ƳҮ£Źǰɡ
ۼЩ˼Ҫ޺ҮüһۣһЩ𣬵˵ʲôףҶҪ̯һöžɵĽƣֵںˮ¼׷ɱĻڵӣ˵ͬ鱻ɢұǸ׷ٵǵͬǰɡ
Ǽʿöƣʱ־ϲԼͬߵлǶںˮɢͬţлȣ
Үֹ£ЩЦãѾǰսĳǣҲȥɡЩ¶ԥ֪ǵİ·˷̾һһЩҪ˵ȥɽţԺҾͻȥսġ
ŵЩ˲ǧлɽȥˣһߣҮ㼱ʵ𣿡
뱻֮ʱûѣЩҮ˽ִ֮ţȴʼûۼͳ룬ȥʺҲʯ󺣡Ϊ½һжԵʣ˶˲ɣ񼸺ʿԷֻĿ֮κҡ֮١µĻʿɱ˴룬ʧȥ˶ΪԱʼֶε׷ǿ󣬴ʱһѪһ뷽跨ռΪУʱҮӻض
Ȼͳദʱղ࣬һͽѣʱ޿̲İΣʱײ򣬱㼱ɴ֪״Ĭûǲǳʲôˣ
ҮкεĹУеĮȻüɢţá
ҮһЩȴҲò˶٣ӡۺʱһģȴ¶ı飬ֻ˵⡰áʵΪ;ĩ·
ܸܵķŭͱˣȴ˵ֻƬﰲοǷݰصӿǰκΰοĻ̫԰ףô
ʲôҿ԰æ𣿡õĳĬʵ
ȴҲҶۣѾõİˡ
⻰Ү֮Уû¶˿ȣ̾ˣҲô˵ģ͵͵Ǳֵġ
Ǹˣİɡ
Ү˵ͷ˵ǵҪҰæһ֪ġһЦȷˡ
ǱãȻڴżֱӰ㡣Ү˵ȡһݸ򣬡ǵеģһɡ
һö䣬״һ㶣Ү͵ʱˣҪҴ뿪ȴҪȥ㣬ûסȴϵĴ䳶ԭ
ӹָǽͲɵһЦ૵ʵⱾҵġʱûûؼ䣬΢ǳȴڴеǰʱͳ뽻˴䣬ïͲ˳룬֮Ҳûл
䲻ʿʯķǵսĳ֮֮⣬ֻмöƿҩһľϻԼū\㶼Ƿ
лơߡִȵȣԪģһɫɡ۵һĨͣƵɡǵóʲô
˽¯ľһٵƣڱĴʧûв㷢ҲΪ֮ػУŷôĻ䣬ÿһÿһζѤƷ
Сö뻳УҮ׵ллһתġ
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⡣ߵһʧƣŹᡣ
ǸҪǰڻҮ͸һĨԹܿסˣЩҲᡣǰҶͻȻٻгǵɳĸǰɣ˵ıʲôҲ֪ϸҲսĳǣ̽һϢ
ǰ̨ץסǸʿһȴɫֻ֪ˣһġ
Ү˼Ҫúչ˳룬ȥЩڵĵˡ
뿪ɫҶۡ㵽ʲô
гݸ߹ʹˣһĸں½پʱֱǰһ̣־϶ԼӮң˺ںҶϪмȫ̽䣬ȴܶɽ𡣵ҶϪӣûȥ֮ӹһ٣ȻԨܴ֮ʼǸ£Ҷۻ֮Դ˺⣬ȴΪλ˶ŷֵʱٻ
ܹܸŵ̨ȫйʲʿ½עͶƸɽǴԾܱܿʶơһʵѲȴǰº棬Ͻδ𣬳ͬһ붼ڽ¯һٽֻһ壬Ͼȥ̨塣
ǳӺһЩҲҸɽҰ֮أԴȥɽɳ̫ˣֻ洦ѰɽҰ㣬ɽ㣬˷ԭĺҪͬȥ֮;еһֻܷҡɽ˫תǲ۷
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ҳʱѾˣѰɫʯ֮ȴûаչʵǷҶ۵ľٶĺͳйأǲ֪Ǻˡ
ģԽԽ飬ĩ˷һ֣شʯϣǴʯҷɣеĲҲͬЩʯһɵõǣƵͶ·
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ӸŽηĵѾ綼Ϊ˶ˣɴʱȴЩüչ
ԥһԨĵ
ֻǾã֮Σо˵
Ѿ㲻֣Ҳб˳֣ҶϪʹˡ
ҶһЦϢͨһ˲ת£һεնȥȥڣƶ顣
һźӰЩһɢ˿˿̣ܿ죬¾£һģӰӡ
ұӰǽնǧΣҲκҲá
ߣȻ֪䣬ΪβԹȥҶ۳ʵ
Ϊһ֮ǰӰֻһƲӰ潣뿪ֵֻҪģԺҲΪС
Ҷ۶еֳֵƮ׽͸ȴ޴ڣ·ĵ״ġ


164 
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˵ܾǰһ˽, ÿ궼½ϵﻻȡ˿ͱʯ, ֽĵ˵, ЩֻǴ˵ˡ
ڵֹ˵Ĵ, Ҳǹ£ȥʵϻõˣҲǰȴԸϢ
Ҳѹ֣ǻǧʿУҲ֪˵Ĵڣοһķˡ
£Ƹŵƽʣÿ괺𣬳ƸٰΪķлıӣϸַǷοﲻ̨ϸʽݿۻҡ
ȺУһŮһ̳ƣһߺȾƣһ´Ŀľ£ÿʺã˸߲ҵԻӦ
λˣǴ𣿡׺ɺƼкдĿźϢЩɺǴӺժģǵĴ˼Ҷȥ׺ͥԺء
νģָ½ֻ̼ˣ½غͳԶȻÿ궼˳˴չŮȻģͨȺһ㶼ۣСһ۾ע⵽
ðЩͦÿŮЦЦĿɨһȦָָһɺҾҪ֦˵վȡ֦ɺһǮ뿪ˡ
һߣ̸̸ȥС編ȴƶһۣ첽˹ȥС֣̽ͷȴֲž˾ѲӰ
ûãߵҲ̫ˡС̲סֹ
˴ȺУų̲죬һգ۹߹֣һֱǻŮ󣬶ǻŮž̳һУų̵Ҳһ㶼ȸ˻Ҫһ㡣
һ˾Ⱥ˳ǣȥŮеĲӣ˴ˣӺڿն𣬳Ůȥ˾ÿÿ׷Ϯֻ̽һӰͻɢһǾͻᷢŮǰԶ
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ոһ˲ͽסİӰɭ޵ľŮǽѣɭ޵ĹտƣҹܷЧų֡
ֻ綢ź棬ȫȻûйʱĿģǳ̾ģ޷ա
ȷķúܣһ뿪ӣڼеĶݿ־Ƶɢˣֻ±ڴ˵ĳơѾڳƴһ̤࣬ÿ䣬ӣ͸þȥˣûߣֻ½١
һǰ½żɽҪİ
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ڳƣǲ֮ǣ½ʵˮУ㱻ϣҲܴѣֻոһգ֪ʱǸͷޱȼ尾ȴֲһ֮Ȼ½ûкκԼֻ˴Ƿһ飬˦뿪Ҳܵκ˺
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׷ƬˮɢһЩˮƮԶһЩ򻺻£һӰɢˮһɳϣһںͷϵ֧㻯һϵУ½١
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ڵִ˻ľָ򴦣Ҳеҡ
׹еɳأջսꪣһԾУڷɿµɳУŬסΣ˿иֱ·͸΢⣬һ
һ˲ԼиƮУ翺׽ȴִϢ˲֪½䱸
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½ǰһƬˮϵŢУˮԼĵӰԼΡɽǳɫһĨӵ䱸ԼĲ֪롣
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½磬ʵ̫ζˡѹƣֹܵԼʿȻ׷ȴų켺ϣһ֮ϵݣ֮ززɽϣ¸ᷢ׷Ǵ桢Ȩ
ǧ½ʱ޿̲ѰطϽİ취ѱǣе𣬶ֻΪĿġ
Ϊִ˲ƣϷ˽硣
Զ⣬ȥ죬عһȴְ¶׷𾵻ˮˣʲôûУ̫ϧˡ˵ǲס
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ĵ׵ͷһֱѰңѰңֱٶǰں֮ɽܵһĨǳ֮̾ȻºԨĨȥ˴򶷵ĺۼɱ˶ߡȻֻǵһƣȴ㹻ϳǾǺɽɢĽ
һˣĲǲལǳ롣ں֮ɽص̽ʹ϶ԼĲ²⡣Ѫ佫ѪһΪ˿ƣΪ˱ⳤ뷢⣬һ곬ܵ˺һͬеⳤڽ֮ǰزۡ
ں֮ɽϣ½عһУ̽ԷܵΪԶǧֻкˮһȻҡ
˺ĬĬһзѡЭԨӣΪ̨ṩ˴Ԩ󶼲֡
ֻΪҲĿģҪص磬ֻʣһƬ桢ʲôʣҲȥ
ȻͲԨӵͼͳݣȴʲôûƾЩܹ³Ļߡ
ǲѾ֪ԼЩ˽ģûʹЩٶԵɣҲϾ˼Ǻһղڲᡣ
룬ȴ˵Բ𡣡
ȥ̨岼ýʱ뽻տʱոѣȴʧżճĬƿήĻʱ㡣ïֵίʵ̫࣬ҪʱȥӦ
½ΪǴֲ˵ϻϾȴ֮ûκϵˣһ죬鿴нǷιʱͻȻǸ
ɤᣬȼϨ̻Ҫ΢ȴӹĺ
ʣΪʲô
˵£뵽ƽµִҲ뵽ɽһ飬˵ú־Ҫͣһ½򾲾ţ֪ΪΣǸŮϸܵ
һϢ˫ƽĺȴƿǧǰΡ벻ݱӵꡣ
İƺҲҲ󼰵
һкͨ͸Ƭء
֮£ִȻ޹⡣
ԣǧУȴˮ£ʲôûˡ
İϷѾˡƬ֮أɤͳᣬżֲᣬǾϵ𣬺УĻ϶ʱּѷ죬ܿƬʧڱĺˮС
ɽԴ˵ĻҮͬһǰ;УֹһĻþСֻ˴þǿһ˿ԥ¾߲ˡ
Ƴûб䰵һ㶣ŷӦ⡣
·һĹ֣һӴĹǺǼ±ضѻɽʣЩĹâԡ
ֻϧûɫʯ
ЩϵóϵóģȻɫʯ
ʧʱͷЩ̾һɫ۵׸ֳһĨء
ʧأ
Ըϸ롣
ɨһЩȷûԼҪģ뿪뿪ǰĿǸǺϣǼܺܳλǱͷβĿ֮⡣
ǹǼ㣬ÿǰ˶צ·ӲʯУӦѾõԵʣĴѾˣ½ԾϳǺ
ԭĴ˵ģĻ
˵Ǩ㶫ʱʷ֮Ҷ˼һ֮Žɱڶӡǹ֮źˮܻΪצֻצ
ɫʯҪ֮ǡ½૵Ȼֵ󣬵Ҳʤްɡ˵գһαףֵ̽ס˫ĿС
ȥľƣѾ£ںһӣ½ٳ֣ȥӰլסֻÿĩһۡ
һգɷƽ˾öʲôչûУٽߣȴˮһɫӰӣȴһֻ𽣬״ϲ⣬ӿ첽ӸϹȥ׷𽵽һʯȴиȵϢ
ﲼ˽磬ûз֣һӦǱ壬һϳ½١
ˣϢ̫ȣ˴룬һ˲ͻӳ
Ѷʱңң½̧ۣǽѣ㹴һĨڽЦԭ㻹ûߡ
ҪԶѸЦȴֹ֪ˣһ֮󼪣½ټۣЩôôصˣһԷƢʹͷת˸ѾˣҾˣС
ֻǻû˵ͱ½ٴϣҪ㻤ȥƸɽ
֮Ȼ꣬Ǻ̲żԵ㾡ȫŽסС
Ϊ˸Ĵ۱֫Ѫδ˼ԲܴӺҪȥƸɽʵ̫ǿˮδѣΪ뿪ˣȴЩʲôһĪչ֮ʣȴˡ
ͣ
½ٽһҶУһȥЩġ
޵ıлѵģȤʿ˵ȴֵǡ
ѿӵҲ۾һȥսģдֱȥᡣ
½ҡҡͷҪ㻤ȥƸɽ
ֻȼ֣Ƹɽб䡣
֣ȴʮ𼱡


165 
һ̫ҹ㳡ϣʮӾڴǰ, һɫɫ, Ĩɫͷ, ֱȱȽ, ֻһ, ˣɫȻ, Ⱦ˼
ɵɫȼĻ־Ľ, Ӧ, ɢϸܵ, 㳡ס, ɫ£Уְ˼֮ƣβɴݡ
ͻȻ, һԹ, , , ֻһ˲Щ̾ͱն, ׷ѣţԻԹ䴦ɢ, ĽǵĻһ˲ΪأɢУڵ㳡Եִһöǰƽƣڽ޿ˣһҧһת˹
ɨϣĶǵ˻ӦѣţϵұУȻأ̳ϡֶʱʧɡ
ʦ֣ŮһУվȣۿģƺҪ޳Ҳڽ
Ƿ纣¥ŮǶƣ˷ԭһطһֱŷ纣¥ֳȰг֮ŴͷûѡܱһŽ̻壬ɽš
纣¥üͷ˰ǿ˵һ䡰޷͵ؿȳһѪƼ״æ£һˡ
̳һͷ߰׵ϵڹ㳡УӰ´£ʿֻЦСѣѾأ粻˰ɣΪûҪԻǰ̣Щӵ䣬ðװܿࡣĿ¶⣬ɽлΪǾδ¶Ķ
ƵʱŭĿ򣬳صأϹҷʲôͬĸ֣ҲҪһǰҲԹ˼棬ȻɴΣͷģú
ɫһӣб֮ҲҪõΣ˿̹ȻСѵ⣬Тͽﲻ֪ڣϷվʹΪ̡֣ܽȴһϮֲʿסҶϪЦһ˹ģŵѣʢ˵ЦˣαһʶҪ˵ͺ˸ҾֵС㣬ȻûһǶǵ㣬αΪѣһˣ뿪ɡ
ȶ֮ܶ࣬ɲڶ֮£Ҫ༥ȴŵ÷纣¥ʦ˱ŵӣ²๣ˣοȮࣿƽȴǽҶ˶ȥˡ
ƿС֪ôʱȻŭǰ̤һӾͳ纣¥ȥ
óȻϮһڣЩԨļƻ˱ţһֱԴ¹ڻֻԨΣԨʿ˴룬һԾΪΪļ֮һһʱò⣬ü֮࣬Ǹһʹ㾡о
ڷ纣¥ļӵƣ̽ȥеĽԪӤΪȻδȫҲǿȻǿƿǻ裬ȴҲѪڣվȡ
纣¥ĵһʹĵ嶯£һ˲Ȼˣ˳Щͷ֮죬ѵô
ǰŸսӵг춯ĴţŶҶϪ͹˹һʿһΧˮйͨѲι̵Ľ磬˵١һѾǷ˳ô࣬վֻܱŶ˵ĿǷһٷϣ˲֪ĵϢһҧ֪飬ϧӵҪЮ
ۼ·ˣһһƵԼ󷨣ұ֪޲ԡ䲻츳׿ôĿȾҲԶһʿҪͨö࣬ҶϪһ㣬ΪǿҲûһЩĻܹӲʱ䡣
ʱ˱Ұã޹֮⣬ֻԼӵʱܸԼ˴ߡΨһֵοĴҶϪͶƺ̨֪壬̨ͨĴѱƻɥڴˣҲֲ˳ټ
ûߣһɣվһ·һɽѻ٣ΪѰҾγİ취ѷܻһʱҲһ
Ӧɣ̾ĿһһɨڶƬ̣ЦԶҼ̻᲼һ󷨣Աɡ
һʵɤԶ˲Ϣ纣¥ߣִһ֧ʣ棬Ϊѹӣǽ˭ͬʱˮȹŮӳڷ纣¥һߣü۴˿Գȴī㡣˼ͷվһֻɽȸһģһһֻͨ죬һֻͨڡ
纣¥һϳɫֻɽȸ˷ԭʱֻʱȻλǰľȱȻ˹׼ʱǲһպī㹪λǰá
·ͻȻ˶һΧһʿ˽ҶϪһ񣬲Լͬ¶һĨ⡣
Ҫʦôɤ͸¶ֱ׵Ķ
īͨ籨ţݲŻȵ֪ļƻԨʧƣһֱī֮ǣǲ뿪ţѰڹɽǽϵɹ̫
īһĨ˸Уȴָܿ侲ҡҡͷԵʦвԱУ仰ҵģΪԼȴ
㣡״ӵܶ˵һһϣҧгѵī治ȴһЦϡ
ֻīͷֻɫɽȸĳ򣬿дŮɤϲߣһͣɹ
ΪʲôֻɫɽȸڽӵԵͳ˻ôûʶǴ
׷˫̥ޣ
ûôҪ
ǹҲûС
ǾǡֻɽȸһۣԳЦе磡
һһͣζҪըˣ編ƾһ˹ȥ
̧һ㣬ǻסЦЦһ御Ƿѩ֮λαԿࡣ⻰˵˹ģȴ͵˼
ʱ纣¥ûз˵Ӱ㴫ʵλǰлǰ𣿲֪ںδ
յյλСѵĴŲŸģӵѣƺҪ;ȥ𴦣ǾһЩʱ䡣
ԭˡ纣¥Ӧȴ룺ʱˣƲСʦȥ𴦣Զ˶ģ뵽Թթٶ⣬Բȥ롣
ҪԶôҶϪڡ
ȻᣬһڵСѸ֮ģܷ޳ԻЦҿС˲ᣬԶǿȥʵŷ磬ɷСˣ
غ棬ҶϪԥ
ǣ⻺֮ƣͻȻɽ˵
ԼĪʮƥʮУ۵糸ɽͷЩûʵ壬геÿһƥлףųìɢɱϢÿӺ󶼸ԼĪʮʿɫ£ŭ
ռ״һãͬʱҶϪɫ˳
ŻȺ󻺲ǰɨһҶϪͶ򣬵λһȴϷˣԳ¡أȴηȻҶۡ
ʳ߼Ҷ۳𣬶Ȼ̬ȴԶ֮ǰš
װױ˰£ǻٵȥï֡½Ƕ𣿡һ仰ͽµƿԡ
Ҷʵյúܣ棬鱨͸¶ҶϪͶ򣬾׼ʱ˽һһ򾡣Լû֮
˿ȴ纣¥˰£պīһǵƱ㲻ôˣȥҪ޹δݾߣ˶жûʲôṥ䲻ˡ
ֻЯгǾ
гĿĮȻɨһڵˣһ˲ɣɲǾͻָƽһ֣ȫ£Υɱ⡣
һ䣬Щսһڵӳȥ˲Ϣ䣬ɽͷȾѪɫ
̱ۣԶɱ⣬һϵʱѵһ죬ڼžѩݼš
ϵķӡһȴֿµģȻж֮ⷽػӽȴǷӡֺܳƽ磬Ҳ޷ǰȥ󣬱ϾҪǱڣȷ벻֡
ǱϾʦŰ
ͷǲҵϻż뵽ʦѧյʱ⣬壬ȴǵմϰԺͬߵö̫ɼˣҴУںˮ룬ͬĳ跢ڴ̽٣ͼƣ˵ǶΪ˻ˡڴ֮ǰû˵ػ
ͻȻ΢΢ŲУۣˣ㲻ù
ûӦ˼һ巽򣬵ô
һ빦ʧӦ޷֪һĶɿȴƶɫγԣ
¥ѾûˡߵǰƳ̵Ľһ˿ƺ󣬼ÿ춼УĴ󲻼ˣӦǱ߻ۡ
֪̱㲻ֱԵһΧ
Ԥϣûгκξ֮ɫƽ֪𣿡
Ҳеӣл̵֡ᣬ̣ܸо
ûô૵Ͳɫ㱡
ûСӦҾÿЩȥñǷ
ûпõĳĬ󣬾̾Ҫתȥʱȥ𣿡
ҲߣҲ߲ˡִһִĳ𻷿һ죬ñֱǶʯڵĲȴȻ
ü΢죬ִʱеı飬ڣֻ̲֪ܲȰһ䣺ȥɡ
Ųȴǰؾڣߵβʯǰָ̧֣⻺Ǵ⡣
µķģҪƽ⣬ԹжΪ̵֮
ô뽫ֻƶʯڣϺ˲͸ƤڣȴƻȻʽʦʱģҪɽţ޺
ձ⣬ףȴ޻ڡ
ֻۣĵһŻԾȻϣһߣ޷棬ǡƷ
̺һᣬȣϲŭɫȴ̲ס¶ŵɫ⣿̧֣һתͻ
̡뱳һ֧ǽڣһģȴתֱӣ̬˵ȥ
Ҫһ֮
ƮƮû·˲ͻᱻɢ
ȻʱֵѩƮҡݷƷһ¥ȴ޷ǵһ翵Ӱ


166 
ڵĵص, ۸ӵĶ֪ͨķ򣬹ɾ޴Թһ, ̾ͻᱻޱ޼ʵĺڰû
ⲻİɫУһյµ, Ƴҹս֮ǰ֮, ڵͶůĺۼ, ƹ, ½һǰһ뱻˺ƵĺڰС
һߣһ߽ʯǶʯУ뿪, ڵʯɢŵĻԹ⣬Ǻʣɫò˱ᡣ
½ٵ״ǲ̫, Ȼͼôݲȵ̬, 뿪ƺͣϣûйˣֽһöʯָ֮λ, ɵĶȷҪôµòʧ
ʯϵָ˶٣ܿɿʯϹճǳǳĺۼѭŲʯ, һ߿̵ףŻ֪ðգҲûбİ취ˡɤкĴܺΣҲ֪ﲻ֮ޣʤ˶࣬ûˣ㾡֮ҲŤתơ
֮֮ɱô໯ʿֻ֮Ͻָܹ߳ԭʵһ֮½ѷԼܱͬڻʿҲԨȫʢʱñâԭ磬ǶǶʿĶ֡
£ȫ׼óȻ𣬺ܿܵʧأһʧأƸɽữΪҽɽ·綼ҪƻĴۣе
Ϊ뿪½ٵ
ҿǹǡԳһЦܲסˡ
ÿ£òԾзάȥܲðۣһ뿪Ծͽ⵽˵׷ɱΧ£֮ͨҲѻȫ
ң²֪Էϸһ¶档۵нһ˲Ϣͻ޿κΣһʵƸɽǾʱˣҲϾʱ򣬲ȺʿϹЩڹĻʿܿҲҪһ롣
ҲҶǵȷ鱨ǽ̽ʵȷ֮ǰйصκ˶ܡ
ڣһ߸ϾɱҲʧΪһð취ֻϧж̫ˣ̫֮Զˡ
½ٳҶ۶Ҳϵ㣬ŻѸٶ֡
ɽƸɽԶǡս̾͡Ȼ޼ƿʩˡ
֧Ŷã
һһ̰ɣҶ˵زסͻһڵͻΧ̨ҪСԼνѹڣЩ˾ǿҲҪЩ򡣡
ͻΧ½ǻԸɽ𣿡
ȴĬˣúŵҲ֪Ҳ֪һڼ׸ƵĿӹˡѵԳģҾͻΧӳȥĿֻɣֻϣа취
һ֣һؽΪѪ
ʱһ壬ս
˵ǽս˵ǵ¾
⣡ۼһսתٶȳһӣͰϻһȱڣһ˦סһڵӣǲֱײ
һߣīһڹļſ磬סĹ֮⼸ӱ֮¼ʿɢʱѪһ̾Ѫϡ
纣¥˲״һ˫۵ɵͨ죬˻߽е££
ʵǰȥһڵѻʯգ۾ͻҷ
ջµսˣһʼ纣¥ʱ䣬ûͻΧ֮¡
ҵһ˵һɽߣǾζš
Թɲīܹɽָʱڶɵֵ֧֣㣬ռʱ˺ͣɼҲǧղŵԹ⸴̫һڵľҪհٱоа˾ߣҲ׷ɱЩӶ಻ԪӤΪгܳͷأҲǧ֮ˡʱǨѶνʦŲһϯջˡ
ҶͻȻ֣ɷ˵ʱĴ㸶ֻһأһѰͻΧ֮
ī࣬µڷ纣¥ų۳֮ضͭǽʿһʱ岻ɢýյԷǶԲߡ
ҶʵǿҶϪͶ¾࣬ȴˮ֮ͽ￪һ·
ƣ⣬ϴڷ纣¥īСѣԷ˶ڣǲǶ֣㽫˷Ϊ·һ·ҽҶϪһ·īǰһԷ£ǱתȥͻϮ취ͻưΧ
ǡīԥ֮ɫմ˼ƻһͷ纣¥ɱΧնȻ׶༪١
īǰҴ˾ֻΪ룬ͨΪָ߳࣬ԸҴࡣ
˽ͣīв̣²ʱ򣬵á
纣¥ȴһ˵ȷ塢ƾīǰǲµһ潭ǰ¡
ɫһ䣬Сѣһ֮
ΣڵϦΪ֮ˡ纣¥ЦЦɤȾѣԱȫԼΪأ𡣡
Ϊȷ¬µӣʶ纣¥ʲôʦ֣Ҫ¡
纣¥ҡҡͷΪ֮µӲòӡֶԶƵʦã㸸гǵλأǱز㣬뿪Ƹɽ󣬻ܶӷҴӣǸ֮
˰ţ⣬ΪҩһӳҲ취˵ӣȷǶƵԵʣҶۣҲҪּ棬ڣΪӳĵñӻ޴ֱΪ䡢㻳һзһһڰĸҪһлȥȻҪ·һȴҪһɽէƣʵǿǵ
һڣǳڱĿģϰȴǲ٣䡢Ҫѧȥκһӡ϶ܵڣ˴Сߣ㱻ֱͻΧͼԷصҲǲࡣ
īǰһۣһڷ䡢ľҪֻǰһ֪ˡ纣¥īСʦϣܶµ㡣
˵գһХӦ󣬷ҶϪȥ
ҶϪһЦֻͻƣһ£¾ǰ̺£ʮʿһӵ϶סգһȴץ纣¥
ֻҪ纣¥֣γ˲
纣¥״ܲȥ۵ǽηĺݾ
Ҷۿ纣¥ҪԱԪӤȴѣֻзԸ±ܿǴĵҶϪȥһͷ󻼡
һ˲ڷ纣¥סҶϪ֮ʣԶشһ
Ʒѩ䣬̻ᣬºۼȻֹ·ֻһ˲ʱĴ
˶ͣ˶кڲ޶ԡ
Ƹɽϣѩһ˲ͣˡ
ͣˡ纣¥ŽƬѩȵۣλֲԼͬ¶֮ɫ
ѩͣˣǾֹˡ
Ƭѩͣüƽĵط䣬Ҳٳ˷תͣԭֹһƬѩеѩƱһĻ
з磬Ҳͣˡ
ٶʱ޿̲Ŀ磬ǱӸնˡ
⡢ǡͻȻ䣬纣¥ʶʲôŤͷĳȻһ
ԶɽϣڱһеѩɢˣпʼһޣƱĻչ¶ɽͷľ¡
һƬԭɫСľб̲ĳ
ŮӱĿʯ֮ϣе֦ջأϥͷ֦ǰ˷ֳһС֦Ѿĩ˳мƬҶӣľٶָ֦ķ򣬱ѩɢ֮
˭ܿɽǰεصķѩǸ֦
ǰ£üҲɰ룬һ˭ϳʿѾ˳ӣ
ҶϪͶ࿴һۣɫҰף̾һôãûɽͷʲô쳣ǲǶ޷󣬾һˣϢġһҪȡǵţڷӦǰڻȪβ־¡
ҶͬǾ岻ѣɳ֮⻹мջûҶϪͶ͸¶̨ϢǴǳһڲдӺԼסƸɽȻ֪Сڵõ֮ǰԸϢ͸¶鷳ͷա
ȴȴһıϤ˿ա
ӣ־ϲͲ²纣¥֪䣬ȴ֪ԷͲ̨壬һ־洹ͻΧ˽ֲסȸԾ֮顣
纣¥ȴɫأɤʣСʦ塭
֪״˴ζʲô
˵ǲΪһӡǰɽ۳ֽڵϣȴδûֺע⵽ʿַ׷¶֮ɫ
ԽϽʯףֽؽδʩȴѣܹĶЩʢĽޡ
һһ壬ȴѻȸ˭һжΨһҪԼ䡣
֪˶ã纣¥ͻȻеһȴѩٶɽͷٶȱѩ֡
ҶϪһϲĵһվޣٿԶ̨壬ѱѩɫǣëĴѩ׷ڳϣϸһһ㣬ȴʼպ޶ƾѩ˺棬ʴ⣬ҲȾѩˡ
ĽëϽ˱˪ɫѩҪ԰ףǳ룬˶ᵱһ߶ʬ
ͬһѩУָ·֮ʯΨǱź⣬˲
£ɫɷףһͽе÷顣
ôˣ½ʵ
̨µ󱻻ˡӲս̧ͷϺ¡ȻƣԳֻ޴
½ٰסļʾҪţ˭µ󣿡
ûûҡͷϢٵ̨е󣬾ң֪ڣҲúķ¡ʱС˭˭
ĵһƬо첻Ŀججɨܣڵһֱĺۼ϶סһۣԺкһ˿
૵ֻֻĽ
ΪʲôҪƻ½ٻһֹסѾˣ뱣ǡ˫ȭսֵھ͹ȥҲü
һնѾˣܹһ񡣡ǰȻһҲϣģҪһڣҲʧ
½̾һȷ޹֮ʹûмܳܣҲԪˡ
û˵ǽȡһöڵء
ϣӵʯųӵͼķĴУÿһ綼һͼа½ںҵǸǡ
׳β
½ټ˿ûиıļ󣬱ߵ״βվ
ǰû뵽һԸΪ˷ôࡣ½ٸпƵĵ
ȴЦˣڣ
԰գһѪͼУ˲ʱݺύ·˳һ
ۺʱͿѪ֮õİ취
̨ѱɺһѩ塣
ӼûѩУ˸Ҷü£˱ƽ̨壬ŰΧʼɵóȻ֣岻ʱߴһ˻Ƶȥ̣ҲǸŮˣĽҰɡ
Ǹ͸¶鱨Χһڵ䣬һƮ
ɾʱ˵ʱʱ죬ǺδͣէȻɢ
Ҷֻķһͣž;ĺ麣ؿ³һѪ
˶ʱʧɫ˭ûп巢ʲôǰһ̻úõģһҶ۾ˣˣû˿ס
ͻȻۼע⵽̨ı仯ָﾪ
ѩɢˣۣڵҶ۵ķ򣬶ϵ֦ѾˡǰһǳǳĻۣ֦ѩɨģǻָķҶڡ
гǵʿŻعæҶԶٶȳ֡
ҶϪͶҳԥؽ˸񣬾㿴Է⣬ˣȴһߺ
ֻӻ˻ΣƶߵķݣڵأɫѪɫ͸羱㣬Ѫ۱鲼ÿһµѩȾЩ
Сʦ壡纣¥ʧеСʦ壬ѣѣһߺţһ̨ȥ
պīӦҲ̨屼ȥ
ҶϪͶ뵹£ȵǽ顣
˵Щʿһӿ̨壬Ƶġ
ۼҪ̨̤壬ؽХڿնą̇̄һɨǰʿʱͻм
ޱʿǰ뵲󣬼ֺһоͶʿ飬ܿͱ֮ͷԣʮ˼һ̣һǵĹƣɶ׼һϮƵò㿪ҪȻסΣݼŵĿյѱץס
ҶϪ̶գӲ͵ϮϺһأȴǱ纣¥סˣʱŭݻҺ£˵һ¡
纣¥ΪȥԶһƣضǷ飬麣١
ʱӹǾ֮Եصһ߷֣嶥ҫ۵Ĺâ𣬵ɫɽŸ֣ѭɽϵ֮ѩڣֹϢľ׷׳ѿգۼͱشף̨ϵѩҲϤɢ嶥̶ˮԶϿб£׹ףΪ٣ɽŵı̶С
ˮУҶϪ˷纣¥ģеĽǶȴûдһɵɫס˷纣¥еһǵ͵⣬ͱɢΪɣ˳·Уţ뺣Ӱȫޡ
纣¥һͽҶϪƿδشв֮ɫΪͷҶϪƣȴֻеѪӿ麣𶯣ȴ޶ˣ֮еӿڣ֮ǰսܵ˶ʱתò١
ô˼̶Ƴһڵϵĵɫ㵶ʱתΪϲǻɽ󣡡
ǱӻһĻɽ
һڵЩδӦЩѾ
лɽڣǿеǰкξ塣
һ˲òҺ˱˷䴥Ź棬ȴδɣһܵõɽӻ˳̾ͽӿ̨ʿնڽ¡
ǰʿϤһ˿ȴúâɨüĶ
ȡȵȡֻʴУģɡġδüڣͱһͷ­϶£ͬԪһΪ
ʿ˲һʿﻹҶʱɢ纣¥ԷȥϢģ˻ظˣԼߣȻӿ볤ڣȴ˿иҲȥ룬Ƹء
ʱ̶УӰˮȴ½٣½٣վȣɽ뵹ڵϣǰʱֳ̨һĻһЩ
ɴۣϮȾѪ£˫ȣ·ô·ˣһһͣ࣬Ų֣̽ڳģƵĻȥ̽Ϣ
֪Լǲǳܵڶʧȥ


167 

ֻһ, ͣнֹϢķ磬ݶԨǰҡҡ׹
鿴Ϣ̽ȡ, Ҫȫһ䣬ȴ, ʹѾ˳ģǲҡ
ָһƬ𣬳һֱ, ͨ嶼, ϸӣܲһ˿¶ȣ뿪, ڱϵ, ֻ򼸸תҪʧ١̨ͣʱ䲻ֻ࣬Ҫ, ÿ˯ʱڴ, ȫע, ˿и, ʱ̽ԷϢ, ֪Ǹ޼£ȴֹסΨ̵ԵðֻƬ̡
ȴǵ̽ûˡ
ǲˡ
յ˫ĿѪɫգԼѪۣ޲ǿصǰķ̨ϣգǴҴҸһн
һЩֻҪһнѪȣûһֻֽ棬΢ţ·ҪƬɽͷͬԼĹһ顣
ȻвĸдָβһǲţһĿһһ£ηԼΣԼϡ
£µָָûʲô缴ƮҶ˴룬ȴɹִ֦ҡ
򡭡㡭УδھɢڷУֻԼ֡
ͻȻײǻʱѣÿһżʹ϶شвЩȷĿ⻺̧˫ĵ׵ĺС
ۣĿʲôģģģúŬܿ壬ĨӳӺһǹһĨ˲ŵǳЦ
ˡʧѪɫĴ΢΢ϣ˵⼸֡
һס֣סǾ˺۵ӣֻ§ţ
Ȼ˫дƣ룬һֱˣȴһն˶ס򲱾ޱ޼ʵĺڰ룬ٶȻ˹ڳؿڣ΢ЩȡǵڳɢִųСؽ͹ȥһֻ룬󽫵ҩģס󱳣ʩҩҩȫ
Զ纣¥Ҳ˸ġ
һ̨壬ͱǹɿ˾ѹƵöãϢѣϵѹɢˣٿѿʼΪˣظػ³ǿ
Լһ亹
ŷ̨һʧȥǴɱٻɫ̣ոƬ̹ǿжʱΪĶǡ
֮Իܻɽֻһ֮ʣ纣¥Դ֪вأ²ֹһڣƸɽ⵽ֻ֮֡һǸֻܾһɺֱ͸ͷ
ֵܹ˭أĵСʦΪ˾ǲðʲô£򲻶֣ҲֻһлˣҡңСʦ廹šһ۳ݵüεıӰͷһ᣺Сʦô࣬һڶȴԸⱣţǺεºܡ
߽һЩϸƳܿ͸ıע⣬˵ԶȽݵͨաīˣǰȥһɽָ󣬷һ׿Ϸ߷ؽж󹥻ţɽţֽ˽ڸӣЩһһߵϥ¡˲ᣬ農֪ĳ룬ȰȥϢǲģлɽڣСԪΣ֮һҲﲻæ֮ɢȥ
½δʱֺķ˲Ȼͨ˵ķ䣬ȴЭֻ£Լһȥһ塣
һ֮ǰаѩ߷֮ϿХ˷ԭȲѶã˿ȴǱɫȻӯӯ
ǳԡѪû°Ӱӣξֻ֮˲żǵϵһߵĲҡ
֮УƯڰգϽ׹ɽ٣Ψɽͷ֮ӻδ˺ΪޣЩҲҴ档ЩССĸɽͷƬ̨ԭڡ
ϵľȻͬԳ˹֮УǷݹȴɭ
ֻ̨Ĳк㵹ڵأĹƬ͸죬ƱѪ̨Ҵһǣֻһ𣬳ǰȥŭЯŵѪ⣬в֮ơ
ɾǺͶ밵ɫԨ֮ʣȴɢˣƱ֮նϣ·жңһһߣϢȻֹ
֪˶ãǺڿʼɢֻʣ¸̨һɫƵӰӣɺɫĳƣż¶Ľ˵Ѫ⣬ѪɫǾֹŽϵ·ʣƹѪĹ
ȻǺӰǸܵʲôؿڵ˼һ˲ɢ̾;£ΪƮӰӡ
ǳ̨УƬеѪԴԴϱߣֱɺԡ
˻ƵɤǺӰдƵĲ֮ظ
һǰΧһ࣬λԼԪӤʿͻϮûκֵܹϢʱ˶һ֮ս̸߻ϧĮȻֻƸɽĹ
ٶǰһڵʢ͸˳ʧϺһڸǱΪûˡʧ˻ɽ󡢲ལԼ֣һ﷽ԪӤΪʿ˷˽Եһڸ𲻹ʱ⣬˴˴νǽʱǰˡ
˭֪ȴǶնɱҶҶϪӣʿ˹롣ҶΪ½ʿսͣЪȻǴԴ˱տڲԣϾʲôʵľǶ׹ǿƻĴԾȻġ
󣬸Ϣһһˡɽ֣֮һתƣشߡ
ɽ֮ĸԺ磬ǺñվףʿҡƸɽɵݼȴ֮⣬һЩĻȴնڽ£һʱ䣬侮ʯЩɱܾĥһǰѰ
гһ͵õϢҶۺҶϪƹ˳壬ֻţĽһֱڹֱҶ뿪պԳжпֶߣʱʲô
ңʲôҲ޼£֮ƣ޷Ҷۣ¶ԷޣҲֻ
ҮҲ޷¶棬Ҷ֪ҮĴڣ֪ˣǱҮЭһڣᷴԼҪЮҮʱ˷ǵﲻæ۳롣
һҮ͹ϵϣüζ޲óȥƸɽȴֻҧסгҶ۵ߣֻмԿɣ鷳
ĽȻҮ࣬кγǽѡҮǰ磬վǷһ飬Ǳʲôչгվ˽ŸοҮѵѣȻ⡣
ֱһҴϢʱݵ÷ɣû˵ϸҮڶŽöе鱨Ȼһ
ҮһݣͿĽɫɷ׵һöͫомֻ֣̿ʱ񣬼һڡô˵ű첽ȥһסĽƵ֣ĲײĲѪɫʱ˵øɸɾŵѡѵô
һĽƴγƵģĿҮϣõĵĻŻع񣬴ǣҵõ鱨ΧһڵʿˣȻֻЩϢдʿսģǳӦû¡
Ϊʲôܿ϶û¡ҮЩͿ漴Ӧ֮Ŀɱ¾ģҾȻ˳룬ͣ֡˴γи̣ǴϢȻֹһڻǿУиŵģЩ˵ʿӵˣ׷ĺǣҲὫǴҡ
һ룬ͷʱƶʱɢˣЦͺãͺãץĽƵֻ˻Σǿĵһ˲ȴĽ˿Ц⣬˫ֱǰ˫һʱˮʣ˿ȴԳľȻͿնʱһǰһ̵ȸԾȻ޴棬ɫֳ︡ĵǡ
ơĽƵָḧǿ룬ҪɢԷеĲôˣ
ҡĽƱۣƫͷҮģѰůƵģǲǰһͶԷҮҮ侲ɤо͸
ҮŷĽڷʶôãĽһݲȵӣеļʧأҲԵЩᵼµҡڲɱڴΣ֮ʣĽҲ¶˿η壬ȴں£µս
ƣʲôˣҰһֿ۽Ľƣһ˳ŶԷ˿ģһһ飬ͼĽ侲
ãû֮̾һ
ҮȥսġĽƽУЩƵģżƣۺͿɬ·Ϻ˵ҪӦңǧҪ嶯
ڶҶģ˵ţ˵̸սġ
־ȲɫȻ


168 
˷ݴӵµŷɫ, ׺ƵĺУԲɫʣˮҡҷĹâһ壬ˮ, Ũīزʹնıڻ
ط𣬷ɫ׷뿪֦ͷ, ӯ״ƬķȾůɫĩڲݵءˮϣǡ£˫ĺ, ˷, ȴڷ·ʱͻ˷
֮Ũ, Һ츴ꡣµһ, ĵȴʼģӰӡ
벻Լ˯˶ãʱ, ͷ̵ٶȱ, ò, нһʵɢ, ڿеİ衣
ķ, ֻ̫ˣյͨЩϰߡ
Ƹɽڱ̨꣬ȻշѩӣȻ֯һϢйչ鲻Ȿ㽫вõúǰ࣬Ҳһ裬Ի谵
ػ̨֮ǰǴİãǱڷѩӵıԭĴľ¶޹ءһֱ̨ǰʲôһֱ˿̣ǽ޴ɲص⣬Ȼԭ֮ǰô
ô䡣
һӻë̺ϻ䣬Ǽһӣûһë̸Уֱˮһµë̺£˫ۼ䣬ϲ˲䣬ŵеζɵ΢΢𴽽ǡ
ζҩ㣬ҩֲ㣬·ϵζŶ䣬Ҳ廨ţŨҵһӦȫԴ˺ԼĪǵĻ̫壬㲻ٴңʱҩȡҩö֮ȾһҩζյĻûгɢһ㣬ҩУеĿζԼľܱϳ
æѰɫʯ⼸ȥҴңкüΣֻͣһޱ㱼Զס֣ߣһԲԳ˯ǰֻʣƵĹߣֻ߲һζ
벻̫ǵʲôʱģȻǳʱǰһ֪˱չҪö࣬˺ܾòʶżҩζᵽĻµģ֮ÿÿѣѰǷĺۼûкκἰĵزԴִ˲ƣ
һֱڻ˯ʱ΢ָЩʶֻûȫѵʱЩΰѵʱ⣬Լ˱˵ʲôЩֻ˵ıůͣЩӰε뿿ø
ӦǰɡһԼԡǹɶصҩУ̲סЦЦֻЦܿ͵һ̾Ϣ
һͻϮֳǿӭս;æ۷Ҳ˲ʱ䣬·粨ƽٶȥѰɫʯˡ
ûжʱԵ˰̧֣Ƥ·İɫѪ۵׽ϼѹ
ԼȻѴӹһ٣վش·ܸоЩķѵĲл꣬ţҪ;ѳܲ˻ֻ꣬ǿҩǿ֮һһҩʧЧɢ֮ʱ
жأ
꣬Ǽ죿ۣҡҡͷԸȥ룬ĸܣ뿪飬η岻ѡ
ǲ˰գŬѹͷ⣬ԴѱˣɫӣԵú䡢󱳡ȹͷ֮ɫճͼƼѡʿིĹҲֻ򣬲Ż޹˼ɽŨ޵ɫϡ࣬⼸벻̨壬Ҳû£Գԭ̨ļף㶼Ǵ·
Ҳǲ˼ۣɫſǷ纣¥ҩʱˣȥ
·Ӳҩҩ裬뿪󣬷纣¥һƿ㹻һ£֮Ȼûɽȥ̣ûҵҩƿ纣¥ӦòþͻµĹ
ƿźû̳ȥǰվһӦĹ߲߳ȥһסˡ
ֻɫ۵ӰһֳϥǣһˮưڸԽˮӱС۽У𪱻ȾһȦͮɫ
գգۣ뿴ЩӰȴģΪ̫ۣΪⱾųֵġ
ⲢǲľǰҿһжΪʦѰ󽣵ʱǰµϢʮ£ʶ֮ʣܻῴԺæµ
ǹĵľ֧Դ飬ǶŪһЩ׽С
ʱľ֮һָľѿȴ¶ҪֶΪһ˵֮
ڶˣʱЩͷͷǵ˵ǣֻΪ˸ԼзںߵģȴգֻźԼûЩ
ʱԺ䲼õű£ȴˡţһƬƮǰĹⰵ˰Ӱȴû֮һɢ
㶣ƱʲôУƽĿתǵӰһһ߹ȥǱӰбϸˮͬʱУһжгǴҲһ㡣
Էſ֣Ժ϶Էȫѹ˱ϣỽ򣬰򡣡ɤеЦ⼸Ҫ
ȻѹȵؽһˮˣֱŤͷڳһڣЦվһֱΪû˯ѣصذĨˡ
ʶźʲôûҲѹֻΪǻþ֮п࣬뵽ɵЦЦΪۻˡϿһֵ˼ԭΪѾˡ
ˮưˮͰУӵų뵽²£ȡҩ£֮ŵȥѰҩȥˣҵõ
ʱïһˣϹ뿪ȥѰҩˣĻ٣Ҳʡ
롰šһԣЩһƶߣŵģԼµӣһϧЩûüѿء
һƣѩӿЩȻһ١
һ˼šסָ֣Ĺ˹һ°ɣĵνɫ㣬ָֻ
һƯɤԳƬ̺֮ǰ֮֮ŨҺεһˣƬǡ
ԴǣӲ֪ǳʢĬһ˽һ޵ͷʵʲôʱڣ
ˡɤЩѡ˳뻰к壬»Ѿˡ
ʱΪ¡ȻΪɽļʱαסһ֮һֱججʼղѣĸ¡
ִء̾į˼ҪҪһأȥһɾԵĻᶼûС
һ˲Ȼƣϯ֪ΪҩЧˣΪһڴƺһգȻɢˣ߷Ƶĵ꣬ҴȥԴ
ۣ˵һΪ죬ǼڴǰתһȦ˻ȥ
˵һΪΣ֪Ժᷢʲô񵱳ںϣԼ´λʱ͹Ǳ׾ٵ£˭벻ᱻ飬һٶꡣ
οԴξ֮⣬ͨǴ·ȴնһ㣬Ͻ½磬Խ
ֻᡰšһۣļ̸;еһЩţһЩϸ£ûʲôĶǣʱһֲסϾ˵ЩǲӴϡ£òôУеִʶ϶ģƴղĻ档
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˯ʱԽԽãһжֻĸʱѣʱ򶼻ģʱ˯졣
ļ٣ȴް취˵Ҫɫʯȴ»ظȥïֻų̂塣
ų룬粽룬۵ҲǷɣЦҲԽԽ٣ֻںͳ˵ʱŻǿЩЦݣһ˵Щ԰ı֤
еҲأ˭Ը£ǶʲôսĵӶǲ˻ֻֻձŻѯʳĽԼʼղ¶棬ųһձһ˥ҲԽԽ١
һգȻԼ̨档
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һ̻㳹׳Ϊռ֮أȻ˳룬ɳһֱסںɽֻء
һǰʦһͽ
ߵĵ˸漴ҧָڵһӡ
ʧֻѪΪýٳһ֧ס
Һͺ¥ˣʦ£޵ȴǽִ̨嵹ʵ飬֪Σ
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뿴ǰ֣ǼѾˣԴָöһݵ뺱ʧЧ֧ϵǣϵ
ΪʦĳӦ̽ǼĨȥ֮Ҵұʣ̨嶼ûܻһΣֱͬڴꡣ
ѲһˣֲӦˣţҪδ֮£ȴƳϷԼֺ֡
Լȥ󣬶ʲôµġ
ֻת˻Ƕʧ˽ǣɢ֮ʱǳ֮ʱ
벻ֻأ಻Ѫһgˡ
ָ˼ֵ֮ÿһʣ룺ʱȴôһطֿһ𣬵ҲǼõġ


169 
պ, ïִҪζҩ, ҩ˴뿪, һֱȺһ, ӭȥֻǻѯ㿴ïϵȻǵϸ΢ϣʱҷ
ǸǸһȻԵõʿ, ˿ȴƣʹܣѾҵķӶˣֻʣһˡ
ս, ǳɫ, ʹŭһڶ, ֮, ĿƵ㵫˵޷
ï̾һ, ȡһö, , һ̽, 㿴һſǹžɵķǰ̿, ҽȻԶï֣ȴҲС, ˼, ׹ⷽǺЧ
⡭һƹƵ, һ, һ¸Լһһ飬ʱֲס´˲סȫĺ⣬ûСûбķ𣿡
ϹԵԵգʱȴ̲סץïһ׷ʣ֪ûн
ӣѾûʲôҩЧˡï߬ԼӣֻҲ֪ǾǺԲ
ȷ˵ӲѰҩ̥ڿ
ʺ󣬻Ƕᱼ;ӣһЩִĻ꣬ȻֻһЩƬȴᱣʱʶĿ֮ԿˣΪнܵĶĺã֪ܶԸһڣ㽫˷æڲúˮ磬ǧżïִΪƣӶ侫Ҫҩ
ӻὫ˻ʱѻɢΣգֻЩϵﵱǧ꣬ɹѻ٣ܵʴάϵá
˷ָǣ۱Σǡïջһ漴ҡҡͷȥֻάҡ
ȻֻҩŲ壬һûһյģïҲòסֶܼãһγ˯ҲֻŲ尾ʮꡢʮꡣΪˣȻ뵽ӣȴٳûóֱʱҲ޼ƿʩ
꣬ͨ𣿡㱵ƮƮģû
ïϸֳ̣Ԫش֮ʣҲģʱг֣ΨһܾȳɫʯȴӰӶ
ǵġ̾Ȼ޷ָٿж磬ȥ˷ԭ⡣
Դߡ仰Щѿڶȴǻһ̾Ϣ
ﹻأҲԶֹ갡
ο֮׷Դǳڶ㽵Ļǵ۽֮飬ֻȥ˼һˡ
ҲաҲաۣǱǷŭˮƵȥˣӦûԼġ
ãҸɣʱСѵ˰ʱƸɽʱҡïֽ꣬ػһתֵ꣬ԼãҪɥʧʶǰɱ
һһ˲㱣һȷд¡
ѰҶϪ䣬ģ˳ˣһŹï̧ͷԶѰĨӰĩջߣɫһҲΪ
ǡ˼һ̴ٵЦã˼ɣգҲԹ㡣ô⻹ͷһ⣬Ҳ֪Լʲô
壬Ϸ䣬ֻңڡˣⲢζĶһʼЩ֮ûʲôͬϲȴԶǿ̹ǣǵϲʲôԸ
ǧйθ飬޼գЩΪԼˣЩΪʡڴȥԴʱ붼ûĽĲǳʱܼһЩ
̨շת˻򣬼̶ٵǰ֣һ·ϣԶΪЩٵЦ˫ȾϺ쳾ɫʣȴҲСĽǷݴൽ
ʱ׷£Щ˳¾ɵĻ޷οīϱԴͷںδֻ֪ʱ˿̣Ƿĵ˸ԼѪΪһ塣
ͳҲ˺ϡ
ʱһֻ׺׷ǰתȦһֽУǷ纣¥ģȲ֪ҩǷЧ
һֽ㣬𸴣ɳƬ̺ȴתֽУïֵȥһһ壬ҪǶһˣͷ֪һ˵ձ뿪ˡ
ïĿıӰʧɽԭվһһöú󳤳̾һ
սĳż㣬ĽƺҮ鷳ŹѰ
ûἰϸڣֻһ˵ïȴѱм̸֣ʱһǷøɺƬ̺ͷþҲᣬķ
£ܾȳķӣֻɱˣˡ
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վǿˣңңǼᣬïֵʺɵһȴûӦֻï˸
һڽû뿪¸ˣЭ纣¥³䶨ʱˣ綯ң뿪˳̫ã¶ˡ
뿪ǰ̨Сԭôġ
ֻǵ̨⴦ɽͷȴ֪ͣˣʶ֮ǰѾվ˼ʱ
һμĵطɽͷ
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볤桢̸ԣ˵˵һ׮δ˵£µֻһ㣬վǰȴ֪˵Щʲô
οףԸ¶ǲͷĵ㺣
ʲô޹ؽҪ
أԳʱſˣ˳ƺһЩʱϳԺеï֣΢Цʺá
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ΨĨı䡣һĨڡ
ҲһǡԾԺ˳ɡ
֣ϣ̧ۣѾˡ
ݣҲ뿪˻
ͻȻЦ˳ïһһ˦ӣһ˲֦ͷѿһ
뿪ʱǵƻ裬˴ﳤһҪĶ˷纣¥
а˺ܳʱһڵеһƤϣǾƤںˮ뱦⣬ָеƸɽƺ󲼾УӶƸɽȫòټСۣ֮ƤٲȻɽǾƤ纣¥ϸָҪļ侫Ҫһ㻤ɽˣ纣¥Ҳ޸
۳ǷѡïԵһ򶼲һھȥѰɫʯѡǸӣʹһ벻Ƿӣǰи纣¥Ȼһȥҡ
ƤһڱܶһֶԱɲóͷһοҲá
ֱӷɻ̨壬ֻǱ·ѹôһһͣǰŲŲӣܽʱһ㡣
ǳѡָǣҵɫʯ
ԣĵ˵ңҵʱ䣬ֻꡣ
ǲգ۹Ųһ٣̧ۿɫļԨ£̫ҹ㳡ǰɽǰӭһ
ȴī㣬ͽһ°æǰյ֪մ˳ǣͬ뿪һջͨ⼸շ纣¥һֱУò𣬸ո˵纣¥ˣ̹ˡһŹɭϣ̫ҹ㳡УȻڷ纣¥ƽЩȴʧɽͽ
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򱾴߻̨壬ɰ;ͻȻʼ꣬ЩѳĻ磬Ƶı̨塣
ïֻչ˳룬벻Щ硣
ɽ꣬ԼĪǸɺ̫ãˮһֱ㣬ˮأɽų
һ̨壬Ƴһɫͣںϡڿɫһ˲ϳǺһɡɡҲ͸ĵһ
㽫Ǵ佻ȻĶȡ˳࣬ոպһ䣬ݽǣǰ죬ɡȥЩǲǻá
ʱɡںߣȹˮȴȻֻضǰ
ߣʲôЩĵطֳûκһʪһ
˻ɡڳһطЩεȻ̺ϾĳܲˣɿѵоֲԸ£ĩЭ̾һ굽ɡ£һֱŵĵط
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Щָ׸ǴСҰڻЩƽƽ棬ȴʢЩĻڳѿʱЩһ˻
ָڻмɫЦơƬ꣬ΪɫԴԲҶƬǶǰһע⵽Ļ
еϲֻŨɬӿǻ
Щ붼ǵá
ܴȥ࣬öð
ǿһֱԳ룬ŽȥïѾ뿪ˣϷŻȵҩȳҩϴϢȴһ˯Ȼָָ⣬ȥһ
һĨӣóǿţǲ̷⣬ǻһë̺Ȼųһ¡
ûÿʱڣƬ̾ĥƽľج޷ʱֱֻͦؿͷ˫ȴִزԸϡ
̫ˡḧıģȰ
Ҳ˯ɤ͸¶Ƿִ֣һЩż˵ÿ˯ǰҶᵣѲ
һ٣Ǹӣﲻһ£仰תתȴһƵЦǲ֪ἰ
ѡ̫пˣ˵óڡ
һ㣬ٲþͲɽͷܳ㡣˵βżֹе٬
ܲ𡣡һ漴һЦǰ̸ʱԷʵڿЦٻĵ⣬Ҳѹÿ˵Цø
ϧ꣬ǡֻѾ͵ļˡ
ҹм΢⣬ŵǺܿϧû˵ʵѾͣˣʱ뿴ŵĵطǿա
˺һ붼û˵ʵ˯𣿡˵ͬʱ룬뽫ݡ
ɻ䣬͸е˶˶Դ
ҡͷ
̾һԾų뱳ǽڣֹһȻ뻽򡭡
ڡ
֮˺ܾãһֱȵû
һΣ˯죬һûֱҪˣǱïѹƣڵɽͷѱΪƽء
峿˹ѵ˲䣬ƺһЩ㷢ţסڲס
û¡˸ͷ̶סһû¡
֪ڼ˵ʱɿƣЩЩҪȥһ
õġ볯ЦЦǵӰʧ⣬ǵЦһɢȥˣסĿڣɫ֮ɫ
Ȼ˵Լû£ȴ֪;ƿݡ
˯ʱòл겻ϱһ壬һֱ룬ҪѾʧ˰ɡ
ֻγŹȥˣ´ת۾ֵˡ
мأؿڴͷĿĿĵɨŲǰɡϣְɡſڣɡˮնѾˡ
ԭǷģӽǿӣӰ뿪ţȡɡӣƺʲôסˣûܺϺá
ĻƣͽȻǸԪҹʧѪɫ촽ʱ䣬¶һĨǳЦ
ԭװӵģţԴߵӱߣЩƿ
ѵһ죬һűߣԭסǵߺᣬߣаȻһҲȡ˳һߵϣԺҵǽϡ
ЩִҲһһȡóһֽʱ뵽˵ϰף˵󣬺˻ὫһЩľһΪᡣ
ҵĻҪյƣյĲƣ˵
ֻϧû֮˵˰յƣע⵽һС⼷ڵū\Ľĵ׶ʱһ˿лū\Ҫúôһִʱûж࿴⽣ʲôģ
ʱһľӱ˳ľУ¶ɻ
жǼƿҩӡ֪ǴӺζľȴİһʱ벻ġ
ľкᣬû򿪿£ȴûܴ򿪣ºƱһһ
ѵǱӡסˣһľУϸǴʱľ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
С¼񵽵ġ
꣬һСµؾʱľУΪɢ⣬Ϊ뿪ֻ޷⿪ӡʱûѣ㽫ľս˴䣬˵Ǳ뻤ɽۣܿ뵽֮ûľУ֮ˣľоĴоٶꡣ
ʱ뿴еĶľӱҪˡ
ʲôأѰ˼СµؾǻɽһӦʲô޹صĶ档
ʱվӱϣһľз
ôˣ߹ȥƳ룬ľУľʱڻУԲ֪ΪսĳǺ֮һ
ܴ𣿡뽫ľеݸ
һۿǷӡŵⷨӡ㾫ɣҪҲѡ˵ָһֻһľǺ漴һΪΪλҲЩϾҪʲôʲô
һƤֽƮ˳һסע⵽ֻͨƤֽһ뿪ľĽǾͿʼɢæʩһ佫סϻװľȻֻǷҲЩ⣬ʵʲô
Ҳ֪ҡҡͷС¼񵽵ġ
С£ɵƤֽϵͼʱסһô
ֻֽ黭ŽԼзţʧٶʱĴĽסۼǧеĽܿ˳
֡֡ʶ㣬Ҳ÷ǳ˼飬û뵽ЩҪĴĽ׾Ȼ⡣
ǴĽףŹĽţǴϹŵĽ׾ȻԼУһʱҲЩ㵣Ѱ˼ΪľлСʱѽǾƤֽһ档
һ˲;Ϣؼתȥֻ۾ɵôģǾƤֽ۽ǼҪѪ
򣿡ĵס򣬿Ƥֽȴʲôôˣ
ûлش𣬶Ǵͷβһɨֽķţдʵݡݡ衭ٿƤֱֽǰзλͺħһ㡣
򣡡һЩֻһЩƣ˲ЪץסƤֽ
ûüʹ򷢳һȸԾĺ漴һᣬǱ
˺ӵʱһãֻ£˫ۣһСľŪ
ʱȴеʵôޱؽȶȴݹתȦǹ˼ɳӣ˵ݶײơ
ѾܾûпôˣɲǼ䣬ͺñҹĻ˾ն
Ľкܴ䶼ЩǸǳɤڴ󺰴УֱĵӿȪ籡״ɽҰоˣ֪ɫʯˣ֪ɫʯˣ


170 
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˼һ, һʱЩӦ˫ۣڶԷǳɫ￴˺εϲãʲôƮƮģƬǰĳʱһɨ, ̶ǧ˳Ƶӿϡ
ͷֱս, 򣬵򡭡ôһ£һڣŷʡ
ȥ, ֪޽ȴηͲĵףһһոԼһҪȥ, ôŬѰҰ취, , ƽѹ
һֱƽӭÿһյĳϦ, ²Ը룬ҲӲҪ¶һ
תͻ֣Щ̶ʱ, һ˲
桢ôؿڵɬµü, ò˵⼸, Ұѱʪ⳹ģ
, ġȥ۽ǵ⣬Ȼסһһ¸ģǧȷ
ʱïŶ룬һֱ̨帽׼泤ʩǼĺȫڣУ˹
˵ʲô֪ɫʯˣһӣȫɴݲȣݺ󿴵ͳӵһҲ˲ϱӣֱ絽׷ʵ
ĳۣȽشϣŵгǡ
гǣïüĪ񱦿⣿
ҲǾƤֽдһ֣һöУдߵļأг¡
ïֿеƤֽƳķģʱһʲôΪġ
ԭĽ׷ЩķģïȻ壬֮ʣϳʲô֡
ⲻģűʡ򽫷Ƥֽľһ˵ɫʯ֮أѽλĿ˵ö͵ïУոõдٷïܶ
űʣƽЩ֣ʵдʲôش˼ùɽҺҮģҮˣᵽѰɹ֮ѵǸ
д£۾һ漴ЦǱˣֽϼصɫʯλα滹ǵȫѹ򡣡
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һ֮ǰ򻹶ɫʯͷھ԰Ρ
ʵʧѾõĴĽף֪ô򻰵һ룬ͻȻɫסѽһ뵽ʲôµ£Ǿš
ôˣ밴סֵļ֮£˵Щ
û¡æסЦֻͻȻ뵽ЩЩ¡
дĽ׵ľϻȻһֱڳ봢ⴢҮϣЩ˶ĿϼɵгǣǹⲻҮǼ棬ǰżȻԴҮŵջ䡣֮ԻҮֻЩڵʱЩʱ䡣
ʱ֣ȴһ֮⣬ⴢҮ
룺ͻȻӣҲᷢľСţҪð亹
ïȴ΢΢һЦνԵעɹ˽١
૵ҲǣЩڵˣ׷ɱǵʿζ벻ʱĽ׾ǵ֮ϡ˼Ƭ̣Цǵ꼧ǧµģҾͽͽҲúܡ
꼧ǧкͳСܺеľеСУˮһ˺ؾֱʰãۣȫɺϡ֡ԺȻĴѰĽףȴδĽ׻᳤С
гʵۺرɭϣĿǰУҶۿҶϪУ˴ǰȻһ˸ͷ¾һ˻гǣɿԺ绽ꡣǧȵݺҶϪҶ֮ʲŴȴƭȡݱ¶ȡ£ȴȫȻ޵֮⡣
Ƥֽԣɽˮ֮ʣ
µֻؼﶼûɫʯϢȷ䣬Ī˵гǣ;ӣҲҪȥһ
Ҫ˵˿Ϊ⵹ҲãϾһӵһֻǺתĽƣгվȽŸ
֪ͲǼһﵱͶ״ˡϧ
ἰï뵽ǷսĳǵţʱΪпֻؼһԵö򣬡ʱɽǰصģ˵ʱת
ӹݣüҶۻĲһ˲΢΢һЦҲãʡȥĹ򡣲֮ӡ
ïǷӸ˳룬붼ûʹӦˡܹûѵӣһͷïּȥ׼ų룬˳㿼֮ĶԲߡ
дʲô뻹֮ǰ⣬ïһ뿪ʵ
ǾƤֽ볤УųвһĨУд˺ܶ࣬¶
һӵų룬һָֻЩϸܵķģһһ˵ں֮ɽɽ춯ǰȥһ̽ﴫԿٵ֮Ծһ˽ƻˣɵôΪ档
컯ʶΪߣȴŰ⽣£ҲΪ㺰Դ®顣Ϊ;ǻǧ֮꣬ɻ
Ҳǧ֮䣬Ѫʹ»ԾԲǹʵʱƫһԶֻȴִԿּǵһݶĵΣصøϸǴĽĽвã󣬱ּһ档ںǳҵĴսȴֻἰ
;ȻʱѰɹֻ֮ʱսϾ򲻽뵽ǰԼɤȾһˡ
ӵǿ飬ηѣηǿУֻΪ
罫룬ڹʾӣԴһ䣬̾һԳɽߴĹѪаľҪаһҪ쿪ԸȴʧɣҲزȥˡ
ǾƤֽϷ·𵱳ŵ̾ϢҲŻǵЩһ
ڿʱĵӿֵĻĻԼˡ
һƾƽ£ٴĿʱƾԳ˯ѣһ˲˳ʶֻҲǷݳŵĸէȻգ˺󣬱ɢǷĹСϵĽӰɢһۼĵطˡ
򿴵ϵ˸У겻ѣźǲܺùⳤأŻὫɹ֮дּϣԴ
Ըõִ
һ㣬Ȼһȥʤ֣ڳʧѪɫָϸǣеҪʲôۡ
ɹҪ֮Ǻɫʯ
һֱΪûܼʱϵ֮ѣڼô֮ʱȴͽȻʣڽ¯ܵĥѣΪĲЩ޷صĹȥΪδٵĽ
֮Ч죬ʮ⾰ͺ˺ܶ࣬ȻüһĨǳǳĲ̬ȴǴǰ紵ģ
ïִȶ󣬱ȥսĳǣбĽƣͬʱ̽鱨
½ٺͰ䣬Լսͷǰһڻǿк½һʹǣȥѰɫʯ׷ҶϪȥǶҪЩʱղܸϵսĳǡûż뿪һ㽫гǻһ򾡵ķӣһ̨㳤롣
Ȼïֱ֤֮ڳضȻǲ̫ģų粽룬ﲻ
ֹһ£ɫѻָĿ볣ɣҲɫԺչһĻƣۡŷģܽɫʯ֮¸˷纣¥ԸţԸҶۺҶϪһЩϢɢȥ
գһڱе½ɽЯǰȥݷ꽻õɣǰһڿνһս˲ԻɽĴ澴ͺ棬вɾһڴ˷ضٶԴ˽֮ģյ޴ɽţʢдһڵӣеϣǿд̽Щʲô
ȥٽһ⣬ȷ̬չԼԤһ£飬һǰɽŵһ̳ơ
ž̳ǰʱǻƻ裬޼Ҷ̧ͷЦЦˡĿڻ֦ϣûɽӻһڵѰӳҲطһЩЩһزܿӣʱȫ˻мĻȻչվͻš
ܸϻһȥ̳ϵķ࣬һ߾һߺЦųɵĶ
¶СۣɫƤϦȾůɫеļڻҶ䣬ɵسȥ֦ٽĲҶ
һգԻ˯ͥв廨ʱҲ棬ֻǱʱ˫вûлӰӣȴһӳ»
뽫еĻ֦޺ʱϦѳһƳͣ¼ȥûŵôľ㣬ѿڵ㡣
ǰɽٺþƣȹȴˮкβֱͬȣѰ֮ȴʶζ
ӣһҸðѵľƶڣÿһ̳һ䡣
뿴üв֮ɫԺҺȡ˵̽ȥȡƣȴ˸գ̧ۿ۵֮ɫס
ǰף֮⡣
һЦ¶δĽҿû˵һܺϰ΢תЦŨһ̳һǾȦסɷѿĲõ㵹ãһˣҺûӡ
ǵ٩˵ɤȴ˼Թƶܳ㹻ʱ䣬Żһתȥɽ󣬲̨ƻһ˲·ػؽ¯һαΧ
ǰ볯ϦǹһжԺ󣬶ǰ·ʣƽ
дһ˿£ļʱϸܵĴʹԲ𡣡Ϊ˱˲Ϊ֪֮ѹȴڣҲ˱¾
Խ漴˰֣Ҵдμ̣ɱҲ
գգۣɫô죬ЩЦԼЦӦˡӡǾ仰ֻ죬šһǴӦ˵֣ʧΪλն󣬾Ҳ޷һͽݻ١
Եͷ˿ģҲֻһҪһ£ˡҶĨʱͬˣֻ̧һӰˣǡһָ֣̽Խµմ˾ױԵ
Ϣʧˡ
ףȵȣϵȥ뽫ִӾǰƿ
Ҳ㷴һʹȴǽУһһƱ㻯Ĺơ
üȤһָסƣų׹ȥֻɲǼͱѿƳһۣƳ۵׵ζȻ֪˿Բưոݣһָ䴩һ֣㽫־ƫ
һһأȴд
̨ѧʱҲ볤дóһ֮ھͱ˽ôֵĶ壬ָϱϰͽ˹УһʼռϷ磬֮ȴϣƾεŹ֣˲ʱֱţľ
ȻɵƵҪʤֻܶˣֻһ̾;ͷ
ҲЩˣ˫ʤ븺ԤϡȫޱһնµȫԸĸ첲ûˡ
ۿԼƵ·ӣյ׾ҪȡߣƳ˫һ棬زعǣǰһ㣬ֺնƳսȦǰֵҪ䡣
㣿һʱס֣۾ЩЩţˣթֻȡյƣʽްɱƼʹնҲд⣬ʺϾҪܺӦʧ˻ᡣ
бթۼֿ쳭յƣЦúò⡣
Цͷȴ©˳۵һŵִ֡촽մյϺһأƵȥﵽϣһְļһץסžյֻ֣Ƴһۣǣ֣ǱУȵЩǾЩ
ϣĿǳ޳ĲԼ˳򥻬ļξƣڲ֪ʱ·˵⡣
ӣѹͷǵȻƲסδץסֻסĺ󱳣һƵ׵ԼУͷ׷Ѱ㣬ڳ봽һǣδȥǴľգ֪뾡
ֵͷ¹ӰԼǡǾΪʱζŨ


171 
һ̰, оʱѣǶȰס
ž, һռɽͷ, Ѿˣ༸ɫľҺҹɫĵ, ž㣬һĨǳЦ, һɽǻɢĴ硣
̺ӷϥͷ, ˯úܳ䣬̺żԼͷ䣬¶ɫܿͻ̺ȥ, ؽ, Ըһ̺úֱֻص䣬һûһ¸ķ˿, Զ󣬻ĺ󾱡ͷᣬᣬԵŵҡ
һֻ, żƮƮ£ֽ̧סݣ̾ʱˡɤдŵϧ
֪µϾʱⲻȨ֮ߣǻ᲻ϲϣԼĸеᡣ
һ˲ƳһĨϼɫȻڻУΪǳ֮ԣϸϸһǺٶ¶Цݡ
ʱ뷢һĶ̣Ӷ˶Ҫ״΢΢̴ɫۣȻ˵㿴ˡ
չų¶ڷ΢΢ҡҷ
īɫͫУɫһ֮ӳΪѤõɲǷ
պǶ뿪Ƹɽ纣¥ͬеɽ͡
Сʦ壬ǧأǶ纣¥һκۣʱ泤ϣСǵĿӰѱȳ뻹Ҫˣô࣬ټĨһƽٸн
Сʦһֱûб䣬ֻǶûгԹȥ˽⣬ĵ󣬶Ʋɢٶȸϡ
Ҳౣء벻óӦ㳡ϣֻһ䣬ڲԣЦķ纣¥ļ֪Ϊء
һڣǰеһڵӾɫһ䣬ʿˮƣν֮ԣ㲻ò˵ҲƼӣĻſں˵ôһҵϢɢȥ
Ӳ⻳żֳȥ޻صĵǣ񿴵ɫɣ֪Ͱ˲١
ǰԼǡ纣¥˵ͷֶԳСʦ壬̨ԺӻԺЩһչˣСʦʱԻ
΢΢һЦлл
Ƶ֪ҪԶУ׼һЩͬһ͸ǣһһл
󣬷纣¥֣ǰúչСʦ壬ǹһڵӱʢӭ
ʢˣ׼þƾˣҪֹѵˮһġӣ̶ЦµĻɽаҪɲҪķˣȻʦһǻѪҪ֮ˡ
纣¥Ӧͼǣ룬ʱʧӰͣڲԶҲˣ
˵ȥûû˵ģ˵ˣڡ
ԶԶĩ֣ѳƶˡ
ƥţɿսĳǱȥ
ݵǲµ˸̾
뿿ڴڣԶɽӰУֻ˱ĿģδעϾ£ôڸƼɽˮɫһʱó
ô¶˼ģشյʵ
¿羰ܺáǰûעЩϧ
ЦЦһԴһһ¿ļ򣬵ÿϧǾͶ࿴һԺҲԶ࿴֣չճϱ任ɽֵˣҴȥ飬ĸߴ¿ˮһһһϲס֣һʻһ̲ţˮ뵣ɵĻ滯ĭ·ɢ
ڳֱϣעЩ⽥ɢȥֻҪҵɫʯͿô
û
֮ǣлһĨǡ
ɹҪɫʯ֮ǣЩֻ꣬ҹɫʯ½ѰǸ֮ǣָɽˡ
֮ǣҶԣϡƽ֮ִַؿڣָָʮָۣȡɫʯǾȥ˷ԭȥɽһЦֵ֪Ϊӡ
ΪΣ
ɽϵΪ޸ĸεؼ䣬Ʒм˸ǵ֣һ㶼ԼȡġԶƵĵΪѪ̳֮ΪɽɽҾ͸Լ֡
½ѡɽ֮ԵʣסĵطǴ˽Ψһǣĵطɽǰص֮أ½ҲزȥˣֱֻܷѰҲۼĵط
ԼһȻ£ֱۣ򱧵ýЩʶԺиֵĳŵһ㡣
⼸ûͷûԵģǰԲȴЦˣɽȷ̫ˣ˻úܶࡣ
֮󣬸Ҫȥ֮ǣ֮塣
˼գˮʱػ˻ΣƱײһ£һϮ۵ĺɫ˽
һ㶣ûӦ㱻§˻
ӴҵĹͽþòΪʦŮЦɤУͷ࣬ҲһѣǺϤֻǲͱ˻˳
̧һֻһĺŮСۣСڳſڣֻнżһմڳڣӶ棬ʱᱻܣʼվȵģڴԼ㹴𴽽ǣָԼС룬ɲ᲻ǵ˰ɣ
ǰ˷ģ˰仹˭
Цһ̧ŵŹȥȥš
һסôãûѧ˼ɵİȡܹڳϴһѾٴν˳һ棬ųԼ£ֿʼ´ɫãˣұȥƸɽ㣬˭֪ҶϪǻĨ͵㻹ҴӶ׷Įûס
߶߶Щ֪ؿһۡϴ˵ٶǰʱˣǰ׻ģùɽ֮ĻսУңûע⵽䡣̨ʱһֱڷ뱻ȥʿϸ⾹ǵһ档
ʵãֲñˡ򲻶ɫѳֳ
͵һЦĿ𳤣
ޣƭһûءһۡ
ޣҧԾΪʹԼΪʦʵȻأΪ֮Щκãֻ˯ȬïνľȻҲǶЩȥָ
벻֪ԵɣΪ򣬴ӶӦ˰Ҫ˾Իǰ̣ݿû𱸣λѣǻ֮ţҪа׷ɱ
ף㻹ˣ䲻ص˻ȥҿΪ̫ᷭ˲Ż²ߡ
ʱջָ䣬ԳĸûȷŰǲϵûʹɱ֣뵽̲ס¡
ǡҲûӡӣЩû
뱣벻٣ռҲģֻȳһ仰ˣôȦӣ޷Ժ򳳼ʱռ֮졣ֻںˮԳ˺֣չǹûֱ׳
ֱһʱȴסˡ
ǰӦң޹أ£ֻһˡһһ˵ü棬ĩֲ㻹˵ʦͽҿԼΪǰ
֮⣬Ȼ˰䵱ʦȴǰͽ
֮£׷ȷ˹ڳμʱǲЩȥˡȫȫƲ¶
šü˻س˿ҧúõɵӣˡ
ҲҲˣڵɡֻЦȻ쳣Ȧų£Цйۿһɫ⣬ôˣսĳǵɻã
УҶ˲ᣬ½ٺ˼ĸ£ڶսĳǲҳЦҿǱǣ˳ȥС˵䡣
Үôˣ׷ʵûսģѵҶһˣ
ǣĽƽ뿪ģ͸¶Լ١üģô鷳
ʱ볶˳ʵǳʲôˣûкἰöֻ֪ǴҪȥɫʯͰ̸ĽơҮйء
Ҷ۴˴˺أŰԪܴĽʳ˳Ϣǰûָ㰲ˣû˵
ĽƽҶۣԻȡƿ䱦ҶջȴҲһġĽƱϵİӡҶۿµѪ䣬޷ΥԼһֱĽ˰ϵֻǵӡʩĽгǸķҶһֱֲ׷ĽƵϸ
⼸æѰɫʯϾĽΣҶ֮·ˣĽδӿ
ŲһҶۿʼ׷ҮƱҪ¶һѪ»Ϊʿ׷¸Ŀꡣ
ĽƺҮĴҧҧ´ü両ֳһĨɫƬ̺ǵģ𣿡
һЦǣҲȥǵģҲʡһ¡˰ʾⳤ벻صģ뿪ǰѾʼֲˣңҮüΣûüлء
롰šһ˵ͷǣҪллǡ
ҵСлɡ̾һĽƵҲǻ飬С˶֪䣬Ҷ۱ûʳˣͳҲˡ΢΢һЦɽ䣬ر࣬þϢ˰ɡ
лҪ˵
ˮһǳԲ
˳ָ·һۿۣ
壬һģ
ԳȤĿ


172 
սĳ, гͣЪıҶȥʱǰǷ緢, Ѫ, ƣ̬ԡĽվ࣬ײ
һǳǺӰȥģҶֻܵ, ɽ˼Ϊ, һ˵ػгǰ, ʱءԪˣгǵĵҩҽ޷κãǰԪҲʣ޼
ǰվۣ֮ٹ, гǵﵽ, ˿ȴɥ֮Ȯֻܶսĳǣһ뿪籣ĵط, κλʿлɱ
ƿ񱦿ҶϪ򱻰׷ɱ֮޷гǣʧơֻȴҶϪٶһ̲
أҵǸ𣡡ͻȻ溰
һ, һ±µδҵ
Ľǵ֪ԼҩȥץҮҮȴĽƵİһˣףȫȥѰҮ
֮һ˺ؿʼɽ߶ύɣ֮ƣ˴֪̽뾹ȬǰïЯһζҩһڣָ֮ˣζҩĽ˵ĳ䱾ѰҮ䣬ƢҲһձһոꡣ
Ҳǵڵ֡һƽֱߵһǣʢŭ֮۵ѳѪ
ǣսսӦ漴ȥˡ
ҶһĻŲӲҷƢҲҶϪǰ㵱ֿɶĹߣһֱĹ㵱ЩΣҲ侮ʯߡ
ȴһºȣƱʲôŰ֮˶ᡣĽȴֻ֪;ĩ·֮ʣڱ¶˱ԡ
꣬Ҷ۱½˺Ϊ˱ȫгǵ°ƵĽƣҪٰԼĽΪҶϵϵѪΪŮӣ޷ϰվټг޴ӰֻķԸԭҲԸģֱҶĸ׵ΪҪЮϿѪ䡪ǸٰԼ˻вԼ
ĽܹģȴܽԼûѡҶۺ񱦿ȴֲܾЭ
ѪӡֻܶҶΨհ˭ܸԸһūأ
΢΢̧ۣҶ۵׵Ŀ־壬ﲻɵ÷һЦȻǿѪƿһӵ񱦿⣬ʲǸǡõƵСˡ
Ϻشһɴȵ̧ͷҶ˫۾
ҳǸˡۣҧгݵ
Ҳ֪ܿƵؿڣ֪ģԡ
Ҷ۵ɫлһа취л
ûСĽ쳣ƽĿǴҺ˵ҷźŽҲǧܻ
һ䣬㱻ˤڵϣҶֵŵһӣ·ҪӶ顣
ظ飬ĽüζҶ۵ͳźţֻÿζͽ֪͡ҶۻôԸԼһ˺·
֪ҮҲûκΰ취ܰһҶ۲ҽϢѸ£ΨĿǰѰҮĽгǵҮΪֻģ㲻ڱ¶ټ
ֻĽ֪ͬӺʱܵͷ
ȻţʱǸʱƲ³롣˵ѾȬȻŽɣĵȴǸֳһ˿Ү뿪гʱҮȥͶһڣʱһɽŽ˭ãֻܽҮԼ
Ҳ֪ܲתҲڴ֮ǰѾһŭ֮°ɱˣĵͷ΢һЩΪĻҮηηţ˳ٻض룺½꣬˻ľȥһˣʱ״ΣȥҴңδڹ
䳤٣꣬Ҳ˰
̾һ
ˮУҮһüһһ¶ţɢԶ׼ļ꣬üΣתսĳǣֻÿζ̤ס
ǰĽƷɳ嶯һжṦһŶ˺ˮ룬ïܣټֻʿûԶ
ơҸô졭˼ȥ벻κܰĽƵİ취ĩֻסƵૡ
Ȼһֻɹֱһڣߣŭͷ˦־ֻץȥ
ֻͨɽȸԼĪûϵͻº֣֮±˼ë
ʹʹʹɽȸɤӲҽһȴųˤȥδڵأͱһ꣬һŷʹҮûǰʱŸ첲סQʹˡ
ףҮϳǳ𣬱緢ŭһϢģ㡭ô⡭Щʵ
һֻɫɽȸͷϣצӰ£еŮˣŮˣ̫ˣҵܵҵ㣬ôô
Ǹ硣ڳ䲻
Ҳ֪˭ˣߴߴʱָһ̽ƴߣȴģüңʲôˣǰƳ𣡡
û˵ʲô㼱ϵҲСĴЩʼָ
㶼ôˣôָش⡣شһ˲ҮӰ͸бǰ
򡢳Լ䣬͵Цʱ죬γ˿òġ
Ү㶣֮ɿһڣߣֱ˵˳ϣסԴ࣬۲˲䳤пСãСǲǺˣҽѵǸŮ
΢΢һЦȴҡҡͷ
ͷë˲ųѽҾ֪СĳãĳЩ˲һʱҲɽȸģϣǵĳָС㣬Һ𶼺ܵ㣬˵̫ˣȥ㡣ڸ״
û֪ȥȻǵ죬ǡ˵һһֻ޴ӳ϶˳ȥ
ͳأΣͷͬѽϺס
ллǡЦڰʱᵽ͵Ĺӱݷߡ
һ˲ͻȻסȴҮһ
룿־ϲشų룬ǰ֣ЩͿϾĿóжأϴμʱ˵̫ãôͻָֻɽȸͳĶԻԷܿüԣ㡭
Ϊĸߣܲ벢Ȭǽлϣʶĺϵֵ֮ɫ
ʾ辪ţĿǰȨ֮ƣѾҵ˰취
𣿡ҮϲȻһ˲ͰĵѾָұȥﰢƣȨ֮ƣѾҵ˰취;˴ΪǸ취йȥ¡
־ǿѣ鲻üܿ£һơ
㲻˵һô俴˿ֿ˿ҮͿ
ȤͶ࿴һЦҮ¶֮ɫ㲻ӣ̹Եǰ취úгеϵǱ˳Ľһѡ
İ취ֱӣǽз纣¥ɢҩȬϢ綼֪£ų룬󷽷ȥսĳǣҶ۵˰˵ס
Ҷۿʮ죬մӦˣʮΪһءһĲһ˿ڣǳ
ܼ򵥣ó
ֻȴҪϣʨӿڴ󿪡ҶЦ
ܾ㣿ЦˣĪ˵ʮҲֻܹˡ
˵Ҷ۶ģڼǸ׵˲䣬Ѷģʱ䣬ֻЩ롣
˿ģȸҩһָұ㽫㡣
ھҪһڻؾǳϦЧҲȬڷ귽ɻָ˵룬ЦЦҪЩһҪЩָҪ꣬ұ㲻Ҫˡ
Ҷų룬ΪҮһ۱㿴ϸֻǰóϢΣȻȴҲѪ£ȥʱ᳹飬ȴɫĺãǷ֮ҩʵ޷ģҽȴô죿
򵥣ǿɵ޽Լ֮ˡЦúɣҲ಻˺㣬ңҲһ½١䡢Ƕᶯֺ
ңҶ۵ɫذ˰
ǰ㣬Ҳȥʣ⡣Ц㵣ĵ޷Ƕ󣬻гǲһ֮ˣ޺֮ǡ
ˣΪβֱǿ
ҶĽܳ׵ֻԼ֪Ǿɱ㣬Ҳֻǰװ˷ˣЦݺ˼֣ǵȷǳҶˣûٵġ
ֱҰģҶ۱㲻ġûΪʲôҪҪʣΪһе磬ûĸʿӵһࡣǿ޾ʯԲǧĵ̤뻯񾳽硣
ң˼Ƕңˣ
ǡǣų߳ȥ˴𸴣ȥһڣһһ¡
Ľ棬ʱҲûһۡ
һµʱ˲Ϣţһƻʱ֣Ҷ۵ţӦףҪ½ٵзģԼгǲ
½ٺͰ䱾սĳǣΪհˣï˼ų֣ЩܹвҶ۵ĴܶյҶ۵ǰһЯһ
Ľ⣬Ŀͳȥʼղ²͸ǵͼ
ҪǣһԼǱ㲻˺ҶۣҶȴܷ˺ǣֻΪҶ۵ֻڡ
ܣȻִ᷸ҶȴΪ˭ܱó嶯Ҿͼ֮һ£һָֻΪҶϪǳ£ʱȾϷˡ
ʹ¶ĵһԭ򣬱ƺֱˣٵˡ
Ľ̸аٰ㽹ȴ޿κΣͳģ̶˫ܳ׺ҩûãǣų˳
ֻΣȴĽЦЦҸгǣֻԼ취ڴ֮ǰҿԽһЩ
󣬳̧һƣƽһɲǣоѪʲôˡ
Ǽص
ҶųϲУĵģǱضġܻȥ֮˵ıӻη壬гһգٴ½پܵľ
еһζҩſںذ˰ȴĽ˽ߵĺɫأ۵΢΢żֲš
ʲôҶȻǺĽƵֶΣǻҵҮԼ䱦ɱʱ˿̣뿴ıĽƣȥ
ĽƲһ٣ţ۵ɣǰ̤һ
Ҷ۲ԸԼӵгȥûаκ£ǲÿҹĻ٣мڲϳײԷ϶ӿһһжúܿ죬ת۹ָֻ˰
ţһ˳ĽƣЩˣ²ѪֻǿʹϷƣ۾Ӷࡣ
µ˿̨£ָϵѪü
һ˲һ˴Ҵ߹ɫºŮȴҮ
ơסĽƣϧСĵؽɹȥ𣿡
һսģû¶棬ïһҶ۲ƼصĻþȥҶ۽ʱһֱȺ⣬𶯣סʿ󣬱ҴҸ˹
ĽƼ۵׻۶ʱƣʱȥˣҮĵرۣɱ
һƣĨȥӡǣ֪ΰ쵽ģʶܹҶһ˲Ǿ仰ĺ塣
Ү˿ڣЩ𱸵ҹȻˣ˻ûȬ̫Σˡ
ҵȲˡĽ̾ȥɲǣ̶Ըȡ
û¾ͺáҮС˵֣ʼѪۡ
ĽƿŽһֻ֣ǰЩӵ˼ٶƮָҮĹ˹Щʱգһ˶Σ
ҹļʻսĳǣȥֱгǡ
ڴߣҹɫãοȴûʲô¡
ڵͼϹѰִײ·ĳĬʵôˣģ
ûвģֻ롭һ²ſڵΪʲôСʦ岻Ըҡ
սĳǵЩ죬Ǵһڵıݣڴ˴뼸ȥݼȴ֮⡣
㻹ԹСʦ𣿡룬ȴʵ
˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷǰԹûˡ̾һֻ뿴ལˣ˵һء
˫еĵǣֻ֣һ޷žԸԭɡ
ΪʲôϸϸĦ仰ȴ
㲻ԹˣȴԹԼץ֣Ĵ˴꣬ǾԼвġԹǹʲ㡣
뻹ǲ̫ȴļûֻͣû£СʦֻһЩ£ˣԸˡ
˼ءšһĬƬֵǵǻȥ
á΢΢һЦǻ
¾꣩
лҪ˵һβ


173 һ
εصİɫ, нһһûѪС
һ˲˺˰ɫ, еɱ¾޴, ҰɫĻŮ¸ɫĳ̴ţƻת, ŵĿУб
ֽһ, ӶѪȾ쿴, ׹˵֯ɵУѪݺύЩҪƬڴǾƣ, Ҫղס, ȴǻŮһϮ֮ʣһݳǱǰԷԪһΪ
ŮΪԶʤ, Ϊƴһ޴һնղסƣ˵ڵء
ΪԽ, ڼ֮ƣΪҲ̳ҵԵɺ·һʿύʿʣ콫Ϊӡʴӱ޽߰꣬ΪԪӤĩڣʦڽѾûʲôܽˡǴ½ʦɽؾһܿǿ֮ʱʱǰУ˵ײԵ
ִ½ʱʱ䣬־֮ʮ꣬㲻űɽȥսģʦ˵ĳ֮һ䱦ÿʮǾٰһᣬ㲻볡ڳҲܼʶϡ
;һˣ֮£֪ûʲôᣬֻаһεļᣬҲսģ˷ԭɽׯ֪䱦Ѳгǣɽׯֽг޽ġ
ԭʦӵǧѷ츲صرüء
һμῪʼӾڼºʶһǰһʢʲôģϣ˭;ϿʱĪⳡ֮СϵǻŮӣֻһۣԷͻɱ֡
Ϊʲô᣺λǰƽĪϴˣ
ŮȴЦ彣͸
䣬㱻ͻĺڰûˣϸܵʹθסһᱻѡ
Ϊɺľ죬˵̺˴Ϲŵܿƻþǧһ֮ʷŮӵϢŴǰӳ
֣ܵȫΪ䲻⣬һǷɱŮӣȴҲȻľʣϲʱȴŮ͵ɤƾ㣬Ҳɱң
¶ʱһƬӣһ˲Ů˺ؼǾ֡
ôһ£ŬӣתͷһƳֲ֪ʱ˸ˡ
ǸӻɫȹŮӣһֿŻŮӵļһֶסʺЦúǿġ
ʦãԵǧᰡºͣѰƵģǧѰûа׷ѿġ
Խáʦá֣һ󵨺ɻ̾ŮӵһĨ
ŮӷһУԴϹһʱδȴҲˣɫڣһһϣˮʱ㡣
ԽɴۣʶšһС
ǻŮһֱЦеģȴ˺ɵŮӵĿתԼҲץ𽣣⳯Ůӡ
ѽҵŮЦӯӯͬʱһŲʦýϨδϨԪ׶·ⲻǾСֵ𣿡
Խһ䱸̾˿ͷһֻۣŮѻмʧֻʣһöһöṴ˹֣Ǵ͵˾ԽС
Ľʦõ޵Ȼǰ죬ҲǺηηЩ͵ʦҲòˡ
󼸸βڣʧˡ
ǸֵˣԽ룬ȻŽվ˷Ǵ䣬вʯмƿϺõҩҩ󣬱öȥעɽģͼԼǰ̿
ԭһͼһߣͨˣָã˰ҲûϳĶĵͼԻָ󣬱ɽׯ
Խʦ˵Ĺʱ飬ǹڵִǰһֱΪɽׯһտĹɵ˲ŷ֣һӦȫֵúܣ뵽Ƶм޶С
ΪĶӣӲôнǴţԽȻһ˵ĺ٣һЩ˼Ϊף彣ǲɶõıںύ
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ΪΣԽɵֻ֪һһţѵǺɭ޵йϵ𣿡
⵹ǣֻһǵļԨԴ˵֪һЩ
ԨԴԽ⡣
㾹֪Щţܿ췴ӦҲǣԺѹֲ֪ԭί˶٣ӵΪӵԵʡ
žԽɽׯ·ϣһεɢʿͬһΣԷ޵ǽ󣬱ᵽһڵĳӣܼӣ㲦һպܳɴ
֮䲻ٱԪӤ껯׽֮һرأϽаδϮ½磬֮ƽһڵʿ
ʿÿ˵һ䣬ľҪһ֣ԽҲľ߰ԪӤĩڣʦʹ츳ʵԪӤĩںͻ֮仹ǵȴڱʱ޵Ԫֻܲס֮̾Ϊֹ
ԼĪǡְԾԽȻȻؾóǸȻ֮ˣŵԨԴһʲôԨԴ
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ԽƲʦ˵һŷӲаΪ飬ΪγӷΪ£
ұ㲻̫ˣ˵˵ԨԴҪ׷ݵǧǰҲǵڶ֮ʱʦ˵֮ˣһŭ֮´ɱ䣬˰ʿɵĳ϶ǡ˽ĴһһԽòס棬ԭΪŮභϷǳĶǣһȣֱƽòֵһᡣ
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ЩϧΪԼûЩ½ϣ˵Ծеĺҡ
ǿԷֱصĽĸ޻᲻Ĵأ
תһ룬ʱΪеͣĿõʸûУֻǿЩҪøҷ³
˼ԣЩ˼صЩҶǵ;˵Ҳ֪٣ԺлһڵӣǷʵ
Ϊδ˴һûԽ뵽֮ǰ˵ϧ˴Ρ֮һڶ
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ԭǵͼģǷ֮ˮԱĵΡ԰ˮǼɽͼϵɽһģһ
಻סĵ׵ĺ档
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ûע⵽һʯƮϡ


174 
һƬѩԭ, ԽΪǶ·Ҫ֮ǰߵö࣬ɵƬ𺣵Ϣʧطܾˡƽ, ɽ, ѩҲش࣬ܿɿ⣬ԶĵطģһƬ, ĿҲʲô, , û߶þͱסȥ·ʱ򣬸ûмʲô¡
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Ա, ѩԭʵһ̤˽, ȥˡ
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ǳںһֻ̽϶Ը˵鷳ԭ·رɣΪȻףǿ, вҲܹܡ
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ҲӲȥһ
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ΧһƬףֻŵöϷƣĿڵǽض֦ϡ
֦ͷһţֻһ䣬Ե硣
(ȫ꣩
лҪ˵Щõ
лҿڣ
ԭͷֻһаĳΣָģͱ
ӦҲܿˣȻ򣬵ʵǳĳɳ
ڴһˡ
ڴ˸лܹ
һԵټw
˳ָ·һۿۣ
壬һģ
ԳȤĿ
