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1 
񶬳ѩʱ䳤ãеһ¾Ǽ졣
ѩһͣлɵסɪɪ⡣̫ųļϢ򣬱кֱ󼹹˲ִ˸硣
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ңڽ̤˰˯ѵ̫
㣬Ȳˡҽԣ̫Ӿˡٰܻһ˿ϣһ漣أ
̫ǵӽ̫ЦѩǰããһƬÿˡɵÿʱһǰѩ÷ȥ
̫Ĵ
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ãǲҪȥĶ㶼ȥ̫δԳưҡ
ȻǵģԽҪЩ
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̫һһΣڵأס˴زסӡ
˵ʲôأǧ壬ǧǲ
̫δ˵ˣͷһƣ֪ʱʵѾվ˺ߡ
ӣĸĸ밲
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̫עȴȫڻʵĸС̣һƺ
ƺ;ƣ
̫أմ˾ơôƣֻǸԼģ
ƣ䲻ôΪٰȴ̲ס롣
ڼʵ۶ԼҲͷ󣬰̫һĽȥһ̲ȷϣո̫ϻȪ֮棬ʵ̫Ҳʹ˹ʶ
仰˵ԼӣԼ׽㣬Լ·
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⺢ӳñ㱧˽ߣСûԼĹͷ˿صͷΪιʣ
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ɷȴ¼ˡϮ˽εүҲΪɵҲǲĴϴ֣ϲŻķˣʱүͻȻأ־빬ġ
Ǹ׵㽫Ǹ˵෬㣬ȷٻ֣Ǹ˵ȥ֮μҪʢֻܿ˵μŮû빬÷ĵġ
ˣǶ̫뽫÷۵״ºһţֺαΪڽǰվȽŸݳ˽սУֺαӦǸͼƣ
˸ǰУҲˡ˱֣ǸĻźֹˡϱʾμߵͣԽһڷ˸Уָ
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ۿ䣬;ǵƴʦȴԣȻ㵽˷彫١ƴʦǰϯضжౣʦӭŮŮ˹ˣпֻֽһб㽫ˮʯ
ʱƴʦ⻰ڲ˶ֻΪԣȴ󾪡ͬʱ˵︹ʹˡ˻ʲôף
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˹ңŬΪкʦһŮ˵ͷ߲¶˸ҽеĺҲͨ԰ֵóۣʱһҪʱʱ⺢ޱȣһ˳ʱǾˮ£ֻһ
˺ŬɵǶûùʱʱĩСȴӣǳʱ
ʱĽҹȷʵͻһСƬķϼ⣬һ㣬ⲻ˶ˡƳ٣ƴʦȷʵ
ܲҫԼߣΪ壬ָδΪǵĵСδ棿ɷܻݵĽ¼μʲô£СǵգѵҪһһŮѹ±ߣΪЦ
Է˵ĵڶƻСȷǽŮ˯ȥˣŪ׼ȷʱ䣿׼Ȼ˶졣
Ҫ彵֮´سȥڱϲͬʱ˳ƴʦǿտҲʦѾ뿪ɼˣŮΪ壬дʦԺ֮Ϊ֤ԴҲѲֶߡ
֮£˰ɣ㱾ýٻֻٰܽ㱾ǳŮֻŮ㱾Ϊִƺ󹬣ֻǸ̫޵ãһӶ̫Ϊ㱾ڽλΪ˲и㣬һֱׯ󡭡
ٰڴںѪ
֮Բɱһ´ݾߣ˻ɡǽ۰ǺǰȻ÷˱ƽҪҲԸɱԳΪߣŸڿ㡣ﵹûʧһֱڻþûвһӶɵӣ
Ÿٰ˳Щʮ꣬ôҲ˵
ȻǱǷ̫ôˣôˣҲһûĲ˵˵Ƿǲ¼ˣ
Ƿˣ㼰Ǻ㰲СˡǷ岻ܱˣȻҪС㹲һ
ȵڲ࣬Ȼ˳ܿӶսӱǻΪ̫аԣĺ֮Ƿȵ۵ĺأʮ֮˾ŻСʩСƣ㽫ϱߡ
ٰڴѪһþྐྵˣ
һֱܺãԭҪúûá
ٻڷΣԭҪ֧š
ٻԻʵԭҲǲѵѡ
ʮĹ⾰һǰ
Ϊ岻ã¹˲Դм俪ʼũׯӣٻÿ͵ׯϿǸ§õĶÿͷӶʱʼٻϲˣʮʱ˻ؽ뵽һλҽµκﲡˣҲ˽һֱڸίɷôȣ˳֮ˣҰЦٻÿÿǰܵòϲ۸ҲٻÿΪͷ֪㣬ٻĴ߶άٻ̫࣬һֱȫβٻٻѡΪ̫ŲԸ⣬֣һֱߣٻǰ˵̫ӵ֣ע̫ӣ̫ӣҲæŮ˼ѿһ˲Ц紺̫ӳļܣٻȴûκν٣˵佫һԶ룻ٻ̫Ӹ˲ٻʼû䣻̫ȫİĽȣȫģ̫ӸؾΪ̫·ľĺլ̫֤͵ǻƣ̫ӵǻҲһ󹬷粨ϣȴûӰǽõĸ顣󹬣ٻȰʱҲûѻ϶ȥ߶ĶûϣҲгٻһֱûУӺٻÿعźۻϲĿ¶ĽٻĺӣȻҲٻĺӡٻΪЦＸεòٻʾ˶ֽţӲȥȫЩٰ岻ãģΪ˶ӣͷҪضӣÿÿҽ棬ūͳȺֿٻȫտĸ磬һһΡϾӵȷٻ߸ã뿪ӱԽġȵȥһҲɰȡ
һֱãһ˳Ҹ⼸һ
֪ŷ֣ʼֱȫһЦ
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㣬һʼ㣡ٻؿڴͷ¶ȴǰʵǿҡһŮƾʲôѹŮһͷƾʲô֮ҵȴǧ𣿻ƾʲôΪ踺أƾʲôõ裿
ٰͻһݡ
㣬ǡ
ԡΪ޸̫ӣŪֻˣŻҡˣΪˣܴӱнѳ

ʵֹǸҪ棬Ȼ˻ӽãŪǷǲ֤ԼͼμҺȡ˾˱˹λñУμߵġССŪȵλ˸ͷʰǣӴһ겻
ϧԵɣ㱻Ŵ֪ԣһֱȵ۶Ҳôϡɼ˶ʤ죡ҵ䲻ãŬеģҵ׶ˣ
ٻҴûжԲס㡣㡭
Һ㣡ⱲӶΪһĴڣʱʱ̶̿ңеһжǴǶ͵ģҼʣʹޣҲܶʲôһñ㣬úϷ
ǵˣеһжҪҵĵλҵĽǮҵˣ֪жʹĥ
Уÿÿҹڵĺ£ֻĳձ𴩣õһжءϵ̫࣬ѹôأһӶ龫֮Уֽ㲻
һôѣȴÿЦôģҸĿõһУڿϻûӮ㣡
˿ҪˣƾʲôȥƾʲôĸžۣôȻǷԵһȥһӣȻʱʹҲֲֻҵźҿȥٻЦ
ˣɻܱá
ôܣҪҪ游Ҫ׵ܣҵҪĸҲӣ
ٻٴЦ𣺡ҵһӶϷΪһ˵Ķϲ㿴²չ㿴ĸТʵһֱҪαװܻҪΣ˿Ϊ棬ԲֶΣΪλԲƺ
ٻӷЦᡣԣԼ˱Ӧʵ۱ԼˡΪ˿ٶȨʵ۾ȻԼ˶Լһҩʯҽ
ʵ۹ϲʱ֪ǸЦǿޣһҪҪٰһ
ٻ˵ĳˡ
ٰǰ֪࣬ضĿʵ߱ĸ֮սΪͷ̡飬ܿᱻ˷֣ʵ۲ýᱻڳϡɻʵѹμұΪ֤ǲбӱμҡ
ٻˣЦۡ
ٰӳ鴤Ѫء
ȷĿ
ƾʲô
ƾʲôӳڻһӶŵװף
ƾʲôһǾˮ£ĸս㣬ɷ򣬶ӣȫߣ
ƾʲôǶԸҪǣ
ƾʲô޹ͼҪ֣֮ЩӯļһȴٻȨգ
һԵɽΪǡ񡱶֣һһԣһνһй¶ˣô˶ˣ
ԼʲôûȴΪ˵³˺
ٰƽƽƽ
ʶȫɢǰ˵
ĸĸʮ飬ЯֹȡĸȥĸҲԸȻ׷ȥʹģҲԴ겻ΥǱ㰴ĸĸ֮⣬ĸ㲻ˣĸɡ
ٰҲûƽԸɢ
öӣȻöӰΪԼ
ԼҲˣ
ޣа֮أֻܵһײĽɱԼĳ˽űߣǸȥý֣
̣
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2 
ٰʱΪĻٻڵŵĻȪ
ɲǡ
ǸＸģɽľũׯ
ɰͰãԼ˫˫ȶˣּףƼ˾òׯһȦ٣˯һֻԭʱٰȷƺٴλصʮꡣ
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һƱزٳΪЦҲΪٻ̰μ£θдˣ
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Ϊ˳׼ȷʹշⷿһֻʱ©©ڵ˲ùһֱš
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ⶼʮ꣬ҪڳʱϵĴ̫ˡ©Ҳͱֶθˡ
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ʮǰͳη˵£µĽƱظȵꡣԼȥ͸Сɶ֩뾫ײɣ
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ɲȥƺҲʵѹûӱܣҸТ鰡񰡣ž۰ͷԱԼòˡ
µӣӦþƴʦ뾩Զˡ
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һɢԼҲ
У̫ӺԼ棬ٺãҪˡǰӽ䣬ûҲա
ٻƱǻҪʸ̫ӵģԼԸأԼأԼϡ˱أԼȥƻٻ̫أ
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һҪˣȡǧ꣡
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3 
ֹ죬ٰǶˡ
ûˣƴʦֻ졣ɳ֮⣬ƴʦپͲö֪ˡ
ҪҲֻСũׯ̫ʱ䳤ˣǶɵҲɶɵӡ

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μ˴ӲһܡȻɽ·᫣иصҲܻȥܡ
ũׯҲֻǰԺɻũ򣬼ͺԺ͸
˿ںܼ򵥡
ո죬ٰҲûš
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ԣڻؽ֮ǰٰǸ̬ֽýС
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Ȼٻ⽫ٰףٰͨˮ濴ݲȥˮӳͷǽ΢ָָٰܵٻķŭ
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4 ʹĸо
ٰϣٻʡذͶİȡԼڴ˿̵ԼǷЦǰǸµС˵ǾЧġ
˿ٰ̣һķ͡
ȷʵ󣬿ƫƫϵٰûȫİƴ㣬Ͽխȫͳ˸ײࡣ
ٰһ۶ȥƫƫޱ߻޵ĺġ
Բٻ۹⣬ҪԼӴϷЦ
˺ߣԼСͭͷղԲֻ̬֣ᷢ»öͷԸĴϸ졣
ɾģٻѾͷǣͬһЦ²صģǱġ
ٻִԼ޼ȡһ֧黨嵽ٰͷϡ
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лˡ
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ģôÿ黨һúñ档ٰһסٻôãȴûʲôöͽ㡣ͰһƬɣ
ٰ󷽵ݳ˺ܾõǸҸϡҿɱˣֶٸˣ㲻
һΣƼٻճ鶯
ţҪȻæôʲôأ
Ǹٻͷ
޵Ļ
使εϺɫϱ̵ĴҶһ߻׺ɫڴĵֱ˷ָ
պɫߵװñƬɫǵٻЩץ
ÿҼǵýϲĵ
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ٰסٻ֣㣬á
ٻԺӳԼֻ󡣲УˡӱҲȥˡʱˣҽǰߵţǴȥɡ
ٻû˵꣬һ󹷷͡
һȺδӦֻǰһӰ
ׯϴ󹷰Ѿų˷
ٻһһӦ㽫ٰȥǰߡ
ٰ͵ͺһý㣡
ڣôˣٰӦغ
ǵٰһͣûãڻֱƹٰٻȥˡ
ٻŻˣתܡ
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նԼº͵İȴͬһ㣬һ˫׺ݵӣĿֻٻһˡ
ٻϸ첲ϸȣŸһתûüܣȹڱ㱻һצӡ
ٻֵļд˶Ĥȸ
ӹٰƲ죬һš
ҪӱߵԵʣӱߣڵĵǳ֮
ׯ˲ټѼȫɽΪޣ˺ü󹷡
ЩƽﶼׯΧǲׯġٻ˳
ǰٰںӱ̾պþͿǸǰַ֣湻˺͵͵ѰǸӱߴ¡
֪ٻٰʵ
һʱǰðڵųԷӱ߰ѰڵİǸٳ͵߲ӽ˺ǰٻҪ¶һȫǿֽӸˡ
ٻ¶μΪƵģ߹ţڲͬʱ仹ٻϲĲˣһĨġǰٰۺ죬ͰˣٻʹóùСƿٰ
ٰ룬Űڵϰߣɹ̫ŪҸˡһᷢıûˡȡ֮ģŨصζۼ
ֻҪڲ̫Ӧһ뵽ζ͵Ĺͷ
ᰮ֮ް
һְɣ
Ȼƶٰ̫࣬ȷܳɹ
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Ŭ߳ɹԿˡ
ҪȻαͷʱһһҶһͷ˽ʱȵ˰ڡ
ڣһûԼʧѸپĿ겢˹ֻ˵Ҫȥٻı
˵ٻ󱻹һץ㾪һ£Ųҽţһˤˡ
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ڳʹŤͷһ͡
ٻץᣬֽŲãǱܡ
֪ϵٴ׷ȥ
Ѿͷηη׷ŸŹʼս׷ٻš
ٰû뵽ԶԶвæڸǲͬһͣѴ˷֧Ԯˡ
ܵùͱ̻죬ٻֺֿļҲûˡ
ֹٰ˼ѣװɵԭˡ
ɶׯĸ߹С㻯ɵ椣һȺ׷Ͷ·ͷܣ˵ڵأʵ̫Цˡ
һȦ˹һš
ٻڴӹ±ȡ
ɱѾͷױȫһ࣬˺ҧãϻץ˶ӣ޺þòͣﻹаׯģ
ߣٻѪˣΨ࣬Ǽаֹһ뵽ʲŵĳ̬ٳֱֻ۵㣬ٻʵڽܲˣƤ㵹ȥ
˹עٰʵڱﲻסЦˣֻܳתװβѵ˫硭
ɡ
ۣ
һЦȴͷ
ЦٻЦװǻƣ
˭
̧ͷȴʲô˶ûֻ֣Ƽ΢΢֦
һ۲ΧҲȷʵûҵκӰ

ˣĿ곬ˮƽˡ
ٻһţ֮ǲָܻǱ㲻ȥƴʦˡòöڼˣֻ¶ʱڸׯˡ
ٰҲõĻк֮ǣֲ˵ܸ˭ӱɣҲͻӷӰ٣ϢԼθɣ
ׯǷ˵ˣûִˣԵ÷Ըܡ
̹
ԭʹĸоôã



5 ƻʼ
ٻһΣǻˣ
ȲĵճŮݣͷ˶ٻĵı˭ܳܣׯ¶ʱΧٻת
ҽһȺһæ㽫Ūˡ
ٻһƤƼıٰĨ۰Ͱϴ˵Դȥӱߣ㲻ᷢҾ硭
ٻͻոձ׷ŵĳ̬ץͭһƣһС
ֱ۶ˣ绨ϣҲץۡ
𣿻˻ʺģ
Ҫʹȥ
ڸҽʾ˿ڲ޴󰭣վͺãŴڴ˹
ٰٴηηǸԭ¡
ٻú׶ͻͻۡ
ôֲٰҧġǻԼģǲǷԵԼȣ
뵽ٰ;ٻǱһ˺仹Ǳ˻ȥ
˰ˣǲˡ
ׯﻹֻӦٰ󣬱Ͻʾ뿪
һȺׯţٰȴһסҪϳԯĸҽʾûΪ￴ء
ҽ˿һڴСϣ´СĶԼչ˲ܻᱻ𷣣ֵĻȥԼᱻӦƵطŵŮ
ٰվǰϣ޿˵ȼأΪֹ˿ȡҽֵͷֲƿֻٰСһ뿪˼ڴٻһʾֻȥǶһۣܿ׷
ҽܲͷֻϽѲĶС㣬ܿ졣
ķֻ˸ʣȫĵ֮ʣ֮㿪˵ҩӣԼȥҩ
ٰЦ˿֮˷ʾֻ湦򣬸пĲһʼÿʮһ˵ĸҽѲϵ
ٰϲԣֻ߶߶ƫŸ˯ţҽæֹ䰲ߡ
ֹȣߣѣ
ۼʱ磬ҽٰͬΪЧԾ͸˼룬ָιŰҩ裬֮㼱ææǡ
ٰſͿ͸ҽ뿪һöС㵽ҽС
ҽٻֻϽȥ׷ֱӾׯΨһһƥ
˭ҲûƼһֱ͵ǵٰ¶һЦװ׵
ոٻĽѵء
мƻƺҲл˳
һУŸտʼء
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ӢӦˣܾԼҹֵֹģȴƫ˵
ٰ֮ȥ˸Ƕ
ϱʩ˵㶫ٰźҩ
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Ѿޣ˯
ٰԲס
ոգҩ˷Сİ衣ϱʩǰҽι˰ҩںֽţһ״򲻶һ˯Ѳˡ
ӣٰƸֻ˼
Ȼһ˯ߺܳ
ú˯һкܴĲͬˡһҪúõġٰŸ֣ǶҪúõġ
ٰһӵĻԸ˵ʵ̫κη꣬Ҳû취һϷһ㣬˴˿ٰΪԸǼεġá
˿̡
ȻԼҩ
֮ҩܱЩ˺ҪС
ԼƿˣܱȱǣűҪǿ
ԲסԺ󲻻ˡܿͻġ
ٰ˷ˮ˨
λӶϢˣ԰Ҳ
ţҪࡣ
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СˣǴ°Сׯ˭ͷܳأСأһеʲôһׯĻ̡̻
ʱ䣬ׯϵҪһʱСӦѵˡţҲʱ£ԣҪ䣬Ҳ֪ü
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ΧۣһһҪ̬ŴԶ˵ǣ˵ôжΡ
ٰׯϵĵƻǰԺһȦ԰ʣӡһׯӺŵģһСģַġ
ҪĻᣬˡ
ǽҪˮڳˮʱź󣬺ݺһƹȥɽһ
Ժкⷢ˵죬ַӳ鿴մתǹͬһУûܷ㵹˵ء
ٰ˿ɡ
ǸغŵģͲˡûҲҿŵ׳ƺЩ¡Լȥ͵Ϯûжٰա
㲻һڣֱӴٳ˴˿̵ĵɽлл˺ٻϣԼɡ
²˳٣ȷϸ˺ֱٰҿԼĴ
óұһ˫ŲЬ׼ȷ˵ֻһЬ׵ĲЬԼЬϡ
ӵĹٰͰŪ˸һͿĴҵĴŽӡ
ʰһСԼױ֮һԵ˽ȥְƸúõء䵹һ
ۼ࣬ȥѡһƫƧǽǡһ֦Ҷïϻ
䲻С辳ǽͷ
£ȷ˺󣬱ֵǽǱߣһͷ
ٰҪʱ뿪ǽΧŵũׯȥһ׮¡
͵͵µ׼ͷ˴ִֵ֦ϣѾԹˣ㹻ǽ
һͷ͵һקŵ֦Ҷ
֦ôһ鶯˲硣
󡭡
ҹɫʣ˿һ˫⧲ӣô¶ǰ



6 
Ŀԡ
ֻһ˲䣬ٰͷƤ飬˫ȷһᵽɤۣء
ͷϣȻһˣ
һק֦㽫˸¶˳
Ȼ飬ţŵг
һһɣ֦أһȫƴ
һ׳ŵٴΣøˡ
ȷʵû
ģһ˫ЦЦһۡ
ежϣҲͽڴˡ
֪ŮҲԷ͡
ֻ棬ҲïܵҶ俴
ȻȴδΪ׽˸Ŷ˫׵ۡ
ԣڡЦ
˶٣
һ˲䣬ٰѪҺȫͷԼҪ㡣
Ƿ˵ˣٰĵһжϡ
ԭԤһѪ˲˸һɶԼȻûһˣôᱻ׽ţ
ٰĻ֪ʵǰ֮Ҳڰ㱳ֻȤŶ࿴һɫ΢⣬վ׽˷ֲ֣ǽȥϣ˳Ъš
ûǽɰı£һҲ´ࡣ˭֪ƣô͵͵סģôɾԼǰǸ֦
˵ʲô˵ˣĸˣ
֮˲ڱ֣ûҪ֮⣬´ٰ
η̬ȸٰһϰ£Ȼ㵨ģҲֻǷ˵ˡˣ
ҡҾɢͻȥ
ٰĵģǲ֪ںԺãɷ񿴼Լ˹֡淢ָνͣǰﶼǹģڸķ
Ļ֮£ٰתҪȥ
֪Ҽ类һק
ŷ־¹ϵİ֦סˡ
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Ǵˣ˲̽װʵֻЩȥᷢԵĶ죿ԷԼɢ
һͷ¶˰ӡȻ˲棬һ¡
ﲻԣ
ˣ
ٰһݡ
ͷ!
Ǹˣ
ʱϣ˷飬øڳŹرǰҲûٶȰɣϾɽ·沢ߡ޿ܣ
ңׯӶڷϣҪԼֻǣαضһҺˣҪɸ棿û岻ǣ


˾ͬ
˲
ٰһǰеġ
һֻŮ˵ĺ԰ǽͷʲô˲ɣ
ʱٰû˼Ůģȷ˹Ȼ޹ء˻ҪԼ£Դ˿̾ۡ
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ԣǼ
һһ
ϻҵˣʲô·Ҫٲߣұ㺰ˣʱȣ㻹óηȰ㿼ˣ
ŶŶӵһ䡣
ԷĵٰãеϷζŨˡִǰԼΪӦö˿
ٰٵͷһԼЬϵĲЬףΪ½Ϳȣͷһ
ԼģˣẰ
Լ͹˰ɣ
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ӵĻشȴٰϲüҡ
Сٰ̲סͷ£ʱ䲢࣬ܵ顣
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ӷɳȥһץʧֻʣ֦΢΢¡
ٰһ±뵽ʱǰĺӱߣ׽Ūٻ죬ȴҲֻƼ΢֦ĳ
󱳺ë
ʱҲˣ
ʱˣ
ˣûɰ˿̵Ϊ֪أ˭Ա˳ŵģҪǣ˾֪˶٣
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ˣ
һڸһ
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ӦûǰԺԺεҲû֡
ֵʮϢΪһǽʣ㻹ٸһһΣ
ûж
ٰˣ˫Ų
Уɾǽ
ӱӵǽһߡ
ˡ
һڡ
һǽ֮ߣƺҲˡɣⱲһҪõ
ץӾ»ȥ
ѽ
˫ŲŸ뿪ǽͷǽӱ
һƣǺ˲֪Ķð˳ӵһͷͷ˲Զһøϡ
ôק˰С
һϵ·
ڰлεεε


7 ٰĻ
ٰʹˮ治ð
˿̵ܡ
ֺαҪǰϰӣֻС¸ߣֻһȥ
Ҳҧҧһ
˿̾нɣҪˤȽţ뿪£һǰΪؽȫ֡ˣɻŹ
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Сˣ
ȥ
Զţ
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ɢɢǽͷˣ˵
˵ֱ̹Ǵ׳֦ϡ˵Ҫװ·ˣץȥׯӴţǲǻΪץһͽ𣿡
ڿеٰԽԽʹɣֱۻԽԽ飬֧Ųס
⼸ʾ֭뵽һ۵ļıΪı˵ĵһòײһжżƻ˳Уĵһ裬ôô˥춼Ը
ѲⱲӻҪץģѲǻӲˣķûʼͽô
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ﻹߣô뿪Щ±𷣣
лúģܷȷң
ûӻ˼ˡ
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ٰ˲ǰˣԴѾһֻҲȫĥˡ̫аţҪǻֻܴˡ
ǰԺмǻģ˸ǳƻıһ뵽ƴʦٴγ֣ʱԽԽ٣̲ס̾һ
㲻˵Ҫҽ𣿿ұӴһ̡˹۲ڡ
ôӣٰʱ˫۷Ź⡣
˴ҹ²ǷɽҪдߵģЩᣬ㻹̫д⣬ƾոշγ֣ҪŪŪԼ׾٣ҲûҪԼˡ
ٰһ㣬СˣȫԼոյ˵ء
г

⳵ģ¿⣬¿ߵÿȣɽ·òˡ
л׳ʿҸѡ
Ƴһۡ
ŰɡӣҰѳϹ
ǡ׳ʿһЩ¡˷֡
š
˹ȻڼգۼʧӰ١
ʵٰ˵мƻԭѵһˡûгҪ뿪ׯǷȥֻܿȡ
û׷Ŀĵֻʱ
ʱԺᱻ֡һʱ˷ʧѰʱñ߶ر·ѶԶ׼
ҲˣŲظûʱˣ벻ˣȣĻᶼûˡ
Ϊ˳룬ߵӢҲ֧ȥҩˡ⣬Ӣ֮ǰǸϲġҲðٻׯ˵ȲԸܷȻüĴһһйˡ
ֻˣ֪͵͵뿪
ˣϵʱ򡣵ȷׯϣڳѹأׯ˱ֻϹԼҶòȷ˵õϢ磬ƻ˶ˣ
ˣ׽Ūٻס˸ҽ˺˳øҽׯΨһƥˡׯ˵׷Ѱٶȡ
һȦӣô࣬ʵʾΪ롣
ԭƻֻǰϵطͳɣɹĻҲֻɡйߴôپųɻԴĿꡣ
ᣬԡ



8 ֱ
ٰǶ뿪ķӽȥ
Ųٲ⴦ԽӽׯӵĴˡ
ҲֻʮϢ⳵뿪ˡ
ʮϢʱׯŷ˵һ´ĵãҪӱܣתȴ˸ųˡ
ٰСĶȷֻ⳵ׯ˵ȸŷ˰ġ
ֻ⳵
Ҳ̫ªˡ
ȻûС
ֻڵİ峵
ˣΪĳءٶȵҲ㾫һܵĿĵӦû⡣
ϳӺߴǺ˵
ٰ˸ӵꡣ
˺£һɫʲ£Ͳ󣬶ʮңǰյĴ硣ͨͨڶ˶ϲ֡ҲǸƵġ
ٰèӣ׼˳ӽǰйʱ˫һţȥ
һп˺䡣
ѽиˣ
ˣ

ٰҪ裡
⳵е壬ʱѹûšոעڸϳӵٶϣһûֺ󳵵Ĳװ
صǣһպò˵ѥϣ⳵һûվȽһҪžͳȥ
ڣûˣͷغգѹӦԡ
˷ӦƺԸͶͱһĻ
Ƕ㿪Ҳȥֱӳһץסĺ콫󡭡һ㣬ȥһߣ
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˵˦

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ٰͷЩĪί;ɥ޹αײʹҲ޹غζͬһ֣֮ǽǲעĿϧúöԴֿˡ
ĴԴǺõͷ
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һһŮͬУôǲԵġ֪ˣѹĶӦ¡⳵ֿôȰɣѾռ˳һռ䡣
ϻЩĿռҲδ̫Сˡ
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һȣͿ˰ɣӣ㱻ʱŵϵĲﶼˡĪ˰ɣ
ˡ
죡ѹһ
ٰһںĶסԼ
ձ̺˶ʵʵСʲôѹϣΪΡ
ڼͷԽԽٰٲ֨Ҷ
ͷ׷ϳ
Բסүû˼ңүȽֲ㣬ʵڶԲסεȷ³򣬲ǹҪ뿪ġаλʹպ°ɡλߵĻԶǵǰ߿ɽ·ʱһҪֱ߹
ףʶ
ԭޱȣһٰȴԽԽԺ
ʲôȽŲ㣿ʲô뿪ͷǺã
лŲģȥɡǻῴҵطͶ޵ġӸǰᳵһʾ⣬ӶץһǮͷ
⳵нͷ˼뿪ˡ
ٰ˿Żˣû֡
ճë̺ûʲôζҲɾ±߻̫Ѱֻոӵƺ֮ǰԼʱֲһˡЩɳЩϳɣˣڹ
ٰ̲ס˼ĶԼͷ



9 ֵ
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ʱƼӵָմӶĿͷ˵ģ
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ô֤ԣٰšȱ֮˻·ȽŲãջڷ߱ڵ˭
Ų㣬֤
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10 Ƶү
ӵĺ΢ǰĽ֡
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ٰƺᵽһ˿
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ζļԲǱˡ˭ǰݻڿյĹ¿ĥʱģ޷ҲоŪˡ
꣬㣬ľɼޢͲҶζ㶼Ǻöֲϵرģõ˸ĺ㣬ƺ֤ʵݡһ߹ȴǲһ㡣
ٰ棬ٴ˶ݵ֮̽ġİѱڵУ
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С㣬ȴҪڡȴҶԼ￴صĵճ֡ղӦ䲻֡ﻹڱϣ˭ĵӣ϶ȴҽף
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Уһ£һֱ𣬿ԼﱳȴĴ֪ʲôµģô󷽡԰⣬ԼˬʾҪȫҡ
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һֱ̽ǿҵԸңܡֻ˵Ҫȥʲô˲õĴ¡ǰЭž˵飬һأ
ŶԭˡԭǶ̽һΪ
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һȥȴз˲ȥԶƤЦһΪѧүʲôȤζŹ׽ŪСһΪǿ˽һɷѿСҰű˼ͬɡŵҲ˱Ӹڵطҹڷʱ
ֳһҪϽһתүүһ㷲ӣʲôֵүפģʲôʱү£ȫ֣Ȼ򲻸ˣҲǵ˺ٻôЩ졣
ǶٻþˡٻʮڵһγšһǧС㣬ȻͶһʱɽЩ˼Ǳ
ҲˣҪҪȥƣʵ
ˡġ
̧̧ң¶һ˫Ŀǹٴζǳ


11 ͵Ϯɹ
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ȷ޲׺Χ˸۵ļǺš
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ŭԹ
ͬʱҲˣ
ٰҲץס˻ᣬһɣֱȥ
Ӷұ˲˳ȥ
ɡ
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12 
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13 ү;
ٰһţûʱȥׯϣǰȥģֻ˵һæ͵˿գʱׯϿĸŮ
ǰҲ㣬ʱҽβһʱȥׯϣĲҲõÿ˲١֪ҽ󣬿˷˵ľĺʹȣԷ˶˸ж塭
ٰմͷ·ģᵽĸŮպ֤
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14 ٰĿɽ
ݲôҲû뵽ԼŮš
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ݲΪŮһʱȥ˽ԼһŽŮȥԼϢͳ췿
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ԽԽֱӳ˸֣ŭԼԺߡ
ݲŸһ̤ѱסԺ䣬ŮѳĽűߣ˸滨ꡣ
Ⱦ
ôˣݲƼŮãҵģǾһŮԼ°ڵֱȫѪۣϽһŮϸϸ
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㡭Ůͷմŵһݣݲȫ˸ոջһҪѵŮ¡
ֻۣŮһ£նǷʲôȵùɵŮ»
ûʲôʲôáˣԲѣôҲвѡ
ʲô˵ʲô˵ЩݲЩ¡һ˱˵ˣջٻŸҽȥׯϣ䲻ãһֱҲûж񻯼󡣽вףҽӦû氡
ٻ͸ҽûȥ𣿡
ȥȥˡҽߣҲûʲôȼأŸҽæֹȡҽ˷ӣʩ룬ιҩӢýҩźҩȥ˵㶫
ôٰͱõ˵ˡ
ţͱ˸¡
ȥʱҷǶһƬǽ壬ﻹԲѡҽѲҼææߣŸϽȥ򣬿ɻû߳ԺӣÿԺе豻һ˴ˡ
ŻˣȾܣȴ˷ˡҸϽԼԺж㣬ܵÿ죬Ժ͹Ŷ֪Ǻ˸ԺУΪϢ˺ˮûܷҡ
ҵ˰ӲĳžͷҷҲŪһƬǽ塣˽صһЩҲȫˡſŷƼ߳Ҳ⡣
Ǻ˻ԺתơֻܴӺ뿪˵ǿɾͷȥˡȻ˹ׯӡ
ûܼĺˡǽ˱Ӫ򡭡򡭡Ǻˡ
ǵģΪԼ˯ΪĴ´ЬӡΪ뿪ҲûߵԭôȻΪ˽׵Լµķ£
û취̫ǿԼ̫С
˼ȥҪҿɽֻ׵ֻҪ׵վԼߣֻҪ׵ԼƫֻҪ׵ԼϺٻʱûƿԼˡ
ţҪЩţѱǡ
ݺΣҪ˵ģ
֪̫ˡϢׯȥ磬ҴҴ˾ʹˣʲô˶ûСҡҵ᲻ᡭ
ݲһʼľ㶣֮ľ˿תɽ
ȷԲˣ
ţҺüѡ˯ò̤ʵôܡǲ˼Ӻ
ݲסˣȥ˸ͮȥ׼
ǺƼ󣬿˵ʲô
š˵СôˡʶңҲóƵġ
ݲɫ˼֡ѵԸķǼ
ׯأĶȥˣ
Ҳ֪԰ӳ裬ûˡ
дׯӣôûȥǰԺȶȣ
ٰ˶̧һ˫ӯˮӣݲͷһȴ˼֡
ǻɡʲôߵ
ҡûСҡҲ֪ηηͷŲҪŸ״أԼãԼֻ棬ܸջҪı



15 ƫĽ
ٰ֪鲻Ͻأ
ŵùֻе˺ģҲֻеֻҵֻҵΣþȾﻹԲأ
ϻãһݲͷһʹ
ã߱˵ɡ
ͮˣݲݴӪֵء
ݲ׵һʮţ򵥰һ˾ҽ
ͮȴǰæƥõĺٰˮĺ͸ɾë
ٰмҴϳǰŸͮýšɴӷ˵ԣٻǼֱͮ䲻ãᵢǰ̣˼ΣЪͷ
˿ţͮòӢ䣬ȷǹӵ䡣ûѡˡ
ٰͷʱöͬ濴
ٰĪŲߣֲԼʲôأʧȥĻЩ߰뷨
һһƣΪ⳵
ǰٴγ˫һۡ
˻һϽԴ
нֱׯϷ
ݲԭһȣ󣬻
һ븧οʧ룬޵ϡﻩŮڸϵׯǰϽȥŪˡ
ҽڸٰҩ
ſŮϵ˿ڣʱͷᣬǿŮͷ϶ŵİҽѹҩʱ۵ȴһûԡ
һ̣ȴ̲סʼԼӸ˼ׯǷǣҲʼ˼˻᲻ͰԼ˽ġ
ԽԽңò׵ȵ꣬Ͻٰ˵һ顣
ٰ㽫ٻαˣˣŻ˸ҽׯ֮Ҳһ˵һ飬׵˼ά·ϴ
ȻҽʱβΣβ￴Ҫٻ뿪ο󣬶ԷšΪѡҽζ˳һ˵ݲһڵüҪī
Ůס·ҡھͽׯӵĺԺׯӵĻūôû֣պþۼǰԺӶ겻гҲɣ˭ȥѲɻʲô͵ȥ˻ĽҰأҶûˣкʶңŮϸ˼ֱ֣ëȻ
ʵЩݲ綼뵽ˡҰ֮أĺˡһëװȫֻ¶һ۵ȫ׺£Ȼúװ磬Ʊرˡ
ȷʵɵֻ̫࣬Сһ˵пȫЩʡ簲ԣһκ˵ϵķУʶֹɴǣ
ٰͨһٴιǰ
ľͰˣøҪ뽫²ˮʯ룬ƼǺˣ±㽫Ϊ֪һ˺˺£֪ԭƻʲôһҪﲻأֻȥ顣ܲˣұֻ·һˡ
ݲ̫ѨͻͻţԭͿǷȻҲһΪ
길ĸ֮ȢϡΪ˱ϣΪڸΪ˲÷ƼضʣӦ˸ϵҪ׼Ůׯల¡ϳҲǴδ䰡
˵ݲȥˣٰȴ°ҡͷߵô뷨㻹ʲôúø˵
ȴӦҲӣҲ
ٰ⻰ݲһϡ
Ȼˣ
ȻҲڻ
ҪǶ
ƺҲ˵ͨġ
¼ӱٻˡ
᲻˴ΪٻֲŵԷߺ֮±ֱˣ
Ƿ˱кܴɡٻôׯΪֺ÷˺ٻĳЩˣŻׯҲǲܡ
һƲ棬ǻˣ
ǷƶԼ֪ǽԼŪģϡ
ˡûж飬ȴһֱྴôѲɣǸġ
ݲЩ롣
̫ƽĺԺʥó޵ĺԺһֱΪͬĽĺԺ˽ȷʵûʲôע͸档˳߹ɴ棬ȷʵһ˿ġ
ɴ˿̣ʼ־壬һжǱԼĳЩ硭
ûΪٰ׷ʡ
ٰðŷգŮҵڶ֮ԺֱԼȣԵʻŮׯ˵ȵĲԶ׼
˾ǿŮġġġһˮʯޡǵá
ŮҲΡŮǸóģſ࣬ᣬµġȷʵ



16 ߶С
ٴδŮʱݲĸˡ
⺢ӣʲôͨͨĲ£ԼŮƽʹ
ϴμ㣬ĳд廨ȹÿŮӼһҪƯƯġ
СǶǼʱŴġȥĴˣһ´ˣϸЩ
ٰ˵ʱͷõ͵͡ģ⻰һݲֱεһһ˸㵽ηͷϡ
ʲô´ˣʵ
ǿ˿ۣǴŮ
Ѿ߶𣿷˷ĴѾͷк𣿻Ѿͷ춼˲ֹѰɣٻͷѣ³Ųˡ
ôİĶŮݾׯϣͲ䴩·
ݲŭԹһϳ壬̫Ѩ͹ţһ˫ȭҲ졣
ٰ̲סȥ˴
˵һһ롣
˺εȾ湦ôãǿ˿۵Ĵ¡ȷʵǻÿ׼ʱʹֻɫǸʣµġ
ٰϲÿÿ˰æȥûǮЩԵĻˡ
˿̵ǲµġʲôû˵ǵ⡣ɵԹѾԽԽˣЩҪôЩɾͲˡ
ңõըһģûأ
ˣҪͷ˵ĸ顣õ˵ļٱƵ÷ײ¶źá
׶Ǻһ·ܵ÷ɿ졣
֮ݲͷ꣬һδżּ١
ۿ쵽ׯϣҲ˲»ٰԼһȾһׯϳȥ
ׯǵƻͨ
δطƼŻڸ̽Ѱ
ԽӽطԽǷŭ
ԶԶĿ¶š
һһܡ
ߵһ˳ȥ˺üȦ
ʲôˣȴǳ˸ۣһʡ
ҡҵ㶫Ѱ˼һ½ǷΪС㱻ץѰµģǲôùƫʱˣ
ʲô
մС㱻ץˣū鿴
ݲоԼܵƣһ޾ͳ˳ȥ
˵˻˵ʵھͳ黨Ƥ
ǡǶС㡭ߣ߶ˣ
ݲһӳ˳ȥ߶ˣڼС㻹ܲųɳȥ߶ˣ⻰˵ǰԼɵ˰ɣôԼɵˣ
ؿڵĻԽԽݲѾѹסׯӣƵ˺üһ
ׯͷͨأݲȴ˿δֱӴͷԾ˹ȥٺʵڿ£ŵׯͷԽŷ𣬿ȴһء
ŭˡδй֮°
Ǳׯͷȴ£ֻܹԹԹſ¡
С߶Ϊβȥң
Ҳ߶ɣͻȻˡǶСöܾڸء
ݲ轣˦˳ȥ˲ׯͷգ
ĹūţСöȥ棿ʲôӶұţ˭Сȥɽ棿𣿿˵óڡǵԼ涼ѣôСˮǱԼأ
ׯͷŲˣͷ
ϡүʱˣˣûûȥ桭
ӽֵǲ֪װװֵٰ֪أǲ֪˭Ű
үСǲҡ
ݲһƳ˳ȥ
Ǻūţ˵ĺūţ
˵ˣǴԼģֱԼȳſȥϡ
ݲͷԽԽ䣬ǰûҵԼأǰϵǴأǲǻҪڻǣŪʲôӱյ˵Ůôûˣ
ˣ
ƭŻƭЩ˶վڷǶӶô
ˣֻ»в٣Ҫһһ㣡
ãҲˡ
ˣΧׯӡһˣһֻһֻ󶼲뿪
ǣ
ݲ󲽴԰ȥ
԰һƬ
˭Ҳû뵽ͻȻ͵ˡ
԰ԭ㶼ͷӬࡣ
ǿСǱ˽ˡֵС㷿˵ԽСһǵ˿ҲûҶҷһƬǽ䷿ֻǽεӸ̧һߡ
ݲȻǵһʱ˸Ϸֱݡ
ֳ㣬ˣɸϻôǶԤϣʱݲ軹ʹԸӡ
˲
ǰȥ̤
ٰԣ˺üֽ˺ü£˾һ
ŭžҽףҽôôأ
Ÿϣȴ˿̵ԣ˯ţڳﻹʶͷ˿ٴоԼľ֡
ʧȥϡ
ٰʱľǵ§۵ĳ
һĪźۡ
͸
һ㶼ڽж
أ͸úúһǵǰȥʹǵʹŸӱ̼˺η˺ٻԼı
ʧȥ֪ڣǶµ¡
ԣõǰһֻ򽫷Ŀ½ֻ֡Ҫ飬ҲܱסܳΪĸŮô뽫ԼŪڹƣ룡



17 ˵ׯ
ҽǺٰһϵġ
˽ҵƻ㵽ݲ轫Ͻ˾ҽ
ʱ˿̣ͷһһֱŵҲˡ
ϵźҲ࣬ĵûз
ǺˡĿʲô
ʱ򣬾ҽʾͳϵ󣬳ϱҪݲȴһ±㶢ס˸ֻӨ͸ĺӡ
˫ĿһС
ԣ
ϽΧĴ˷
ֻиױ̨ϣױ֮ﱻȡ˸һɶϲ¹ľȴһ㶼û
һǮ䣬ҲúǶ
ͭκ˿˹ĺۼ
һƣ߼ƱҲû
첽ȥٰķ䡣
ٰ
ʲô
ֻٰͬտҲױӣͷߵĽƬҲڡ̫ˡ
û
֡Ǵ˿ݲͷ뷨
ԭԡǳûĺǸܴһ˿ҡ
ʵǣ
£ôֻȡûױﲻֵǮȴֵֻٶӶҪ͵ġɻǰöĻġ
ʶ
ôܣ
ܲǮ䶼ʶɣ
ǲ

ĸֻȡЩֵǮĶߣ챻˲ܣ׷˼ȥһӼ͵
Ψһ˵ͨģǺڹԵķʽݣΪͼҲÿԽͣΪôƫƧׯӻܽ
Է֮ⲻھư
ݲٴһڣǿѹǿѹǿѹѾֲסŭ
⣬ͻȻĻȻҲżȻ
ܶԸϲֻˡһǸҽһǺˡ
Ǻˣֻ򵥵ĽѵϣĥأҪԸ
ֵǸҽҲûпܣ
˿ܱҽĨƽۼġֻ㣬˲Ųỳɸҽỳɷ˺ٻе𶼿ںϡ
˲¶٣ܲȻ±㽫֮
ݲˡ
ҽ֣˹¶ۼװԣôĲЩʲô˺˵ֶΡҽȫƲøɸɾ
ֱ¡
ųصĲص˸СϣԼߵķЫĳģƫ벻ֿܡ
ٰƲ졣Ϊ˽״·Űǰθˡ֤֤ȫβɣ˭뵽ѹûνĺˣ˭뵽ԼıôһȦأûκָ֤Լ
ݲ¡
飬ׯӸҲ飡˿ܵٺͺۼ
ׯͷѾѹӽŭģ;ֹűµ˷ˣСʾׯϲкˡ᲻ǶС㿴ˣ
ȻûϢׯͷ㱻ˡ
԰һѾˡ
ٰ߻һ
˵˶֪ȿ壬㱻һƹΣʲô֪
ƹСӦΪ
ݲĴ̽ҲС䷿Ĵ̨дŽӡбײĺۼԺǽҲҵһĽӡͬʱǱߵĴ˳ǽأӦͨ˺԰
⣬ǻڸǽͷǽҵһӦǱ֦ס˺ѵ½ǣǺɫ޲պö˺֮˵
ٰƼڲƤһµģ⻹ǹⰡǰæˣ
ʲô첲յĶˣ˵ǺˣǺãⲼҳˣѣϸϸׯӸһ飡
ݲðɣһ߷ׯͷǰŰӣʾ񲻺ãĿ£֪ʲôء
»лҪݲȴм֧ᡣ
ݲʾֱԡ
ǽǽڲǽҲûнӡͷǴǽߵ֦ϣԴ¿жϣӦǡׯǰϰӣ˷ǽ롣
˼ȷˡڹǽǰ׼
ݲһڣӡ
ׯͷˡ
ūŷģׯ˶ĹԲᡭ
ׯͷδ˵꣬ǱׯʮĶӸӵ˵ϡ
ץģ͵˹ȥ緢ˣֻû֨һֱׯӣֱǷܣŽץ˻Ѿˣ˵Ƿׯͷ֮ųһ㽫Ϣ˴ȥ
ݲ費Ц
йαҪȥ͵ˣˣã
øĹׯͷׯϵĹ»ץú󣡡
ǣ
ׯ˱ŵּʶŭµѹ˿ʵޱȣ֪޲ԡ
һʣ־вƼٰŸҽϿ
ˡ
С㣬ԼҴ쾭壡ҪţҪǮ

˰ˣ㵱ҵģŪԼģ



18 ˵
ݲڸϺ͸ҽһʺ󣬾ҽѾˡ
ٰҲ˽ȥ
ҽԣ㽫ջսؼ֮
ڽľҽˮƽӦñҽҲ˶ٰɣ
ٰһ۲գ˾ҽ
Ѹ룬ﲻӦúܿͻϺͷȷʵбߵĺۼжϣ֮ԻԲѣųҩΪ
ٰĵҽȻݲӻȴһٴյʵﳤڹ˴ҩڻ
㡣ҩֶ֮ҩҩΪ֮Чľ񽫳ɢʱһ˵ֻԲ
ΪΣٰһѳסݲ䣬΢΢ֻǿȼΪҪ򣬿ȼӦֹΪԣ
ҽüͷҲϷ򲻵֮˵˰ɣԻήĵֿĲȫ޺ô
ҽٴ̧ͷ֧᣺⡭
ݲ⣺үֱֻԡ
á¿ҩӡҽó˽ҽŷӡȻǸոٰ͵ϵġֱԣֹֻⷽȣα겻αѹͲĲ顣
ٰץϵһͬʱݲҲˣֱ˻һ롣
ǷˣûǸҽּңּɷ裬ࡣ̬ȣǿɼһߡ
ˣˣ˭ңۼҸҽôƲģ
ٰһ򡣡ҽÿ¡Ҳһû뿪ŮӣֲһˡɼˣҲֻ˼͸÷ˡû
дݲŭ
⼸ҲͷʾֻݻûյͿ뿪ˡ
ãããƣݲŭ档
ҽٰǰķأͷСȫóϷһһ
ٰȴǿˡ
ûûзӡ
᣿
ҲóǸҽÿضѿõķӴߣץҩֱֻҩġٻ㲡ˣûʱȥ׼ҩ˷ӡʱٰĥĥסҽӣҽû취Ϊ˿뿪ٰŻ©
Ҳٰսپԭ֮һŶԷĽսŻҪ߷ӵġ
Ϊ֪ҽӲӣҼҹùȥҩõķҲⷽµġٰȫ
Ȼ¡ҿҩüζҩĶȷʵֹȵģӦò⡣
ٰӶˣְѷŸˣӸ߳óһҩ
պȵҩ
Ȼˣ֪ϸҩǺöλغȣβһ֤ݣ
գְҩΪ˲ֻ֣΢˲֡
ﲻҩһûȫˣԽҾûҩⱾǽյķٰ˸ѣݲҲϽҩݵ˾ҽǰ
үΣݲܽš
ٰҲǡ
ҽץһҩģ˱棬ᣬҡͷ߷ˡ
ҩ⣿ֹȵģ
ҩĶǺҩҲȫֹȵġǿȼɿȼֶ֣зȷ纮̵֮ʪ֮𣬻ȣ顣ˡϷֱԣҩ֢ûЧƻ˲顣Ǵ˵״
ȻȻˣ
˵ֶΣȻǸɾġ
õĶǺҩÿʮһΣŮţ˭һ䣿ҩûУҩÿҲר˴˭϶лģǺǣһжİѿﰡ
ٰݺһֱƤ⡪ţϵֱƤ⣬ƤٳѪҪõʹõʹ
ᡭ᲻ٰ֢ʳһ䡣
޿ܡĲ֢ѾˣǶǵΪҽߣȷ纮ֱܷ棬ǻкʸҽⶼġ
ҽͰٰͣƴĸϣɶ֮ģûҪһ
ݲͷϣĲ
оȣҩʳƣ±㽫ȬҽģٰҲһġ
㣬ĲֻϵΡ
һֱ¶ֻнҩãáȻҽҲаգù˼ˡ
ǾͺãǾͺãݲૣٰȴٴιˡ
Ů˵ʲôˣ㻹ǵǰӦУŮ𣿡ҽԱ֤ˡ˵ʲôأ
ֻһ㣬Խ֮ǰеնȥη˵ͷϡϾׯӣҽٻеһУΨǴӣ
ݲתģһĸŮһ



19 Ҫȥ
תѡ
ݲʧãӯһƿٰ
ٰٶۣʱȥغθѵ棬۵
ҪڱԹȴ§ڻ
ѹûԼš
ˡˡ
֪ˣ
һóóΣһƬڰ߲ңۡǽңѲɾû취ӦŬۣƤǧأôҲѲɰҼİ
˶ˡģԺ󲻻·ˡֻҪңҶڣڵġ
һһˡ
ҽѾ£ٰź룬Ҳֻܸ˳ȥ
Цڿޡõĳ
͸һж
ٰܣɽȴǼһΡ
һ̣úƯء㲻ѲԼʾ֭ƳôһƻоˡһУȫķˡ
ԭ⣬ǱðˡͲ֪η˵ֹβˡ
Ȼµĸо̼ʹ죬ޣ
жĥЩôԼҪԸǣȷʵֻбǸС
ҽæǸϿ˼ҩһӪҩʦ
ҩڹֻҪ֢ǺҩģЩҩӪﶼУûµġҽٰǽ˫绹סʶ̲סο
ֻٰܸϽֹסЦݺһϵİһ󣬲ŻԹԵͷ
ҽæŸ˵ӿˡ
α̾ǽ¶׺££Ǿﻹ¡λˣΪŮ˲Ĺ㣬аԹŽԣɵŮӣǹ£˲ѷ
ׯΧ۵ѾӱŭĽҡͷ̾ͣľҽǶ˷ĲԣһΧٰߣ꺮ů£飬߿޹벫ٰͬ顭
ٰȴ鶼ø˼һ
ׯӣǲˡ
ԣݲӸϷȥһ֮Ĵ㣺ǸջؽǼׯӣ
ͷҡ˲˹ġ
ҽԲӦҲͰˣأǰҪԲκʧ
ģԸؼңĸŮõǵȨίҲһ˹ȫɵŵùˡ
ٰҡͷ
Ϊµϰõˣǡ
ǵס߱ضȫոǿļһʵ֮ش󡰱͵ֱϣȥƴʦ鷳أҪأαܿˣ˦ϵߣвУԲС
뷨
˵ĸʵʡǳһ£ܱܿҲȥҲҡٰģۿỨҪ
˵Σ
Ҫȥסһ󡣡ǰûסңôҲðŦϵιˡٻ֦ͷǰڷδ䶨ǰҿԳΪԼȹ̵
ݲ˲üԭΪ϶΢ʡ˿̸ϻңϣϣ
һҪȥҡׯϣܽ᲻кˣҶǲˡڼǰ㡣򡭡ǱߣΣЩ˾ܷסģҲҡһ
ǻؼңûԷ˺ͳ㣬±ﲻסʲôʱֳЦͱ磬ҿɲܸǶ
ˣؼܻЩ
ݲӦˡ
ԸĸŮʵٰ˵һҲӦµġ
߸Ůû˵꣬Ǳݲׯͷͺ԰ӷֱѵ˲ٺö
ׯͷǶ˳ԾıǺüƱһǰġ⣬öҶӣǽʱͬһģϱ߻ݱʶݲǵúû͹ׯͷ
ɣׯͷõһƯк
ϣǷ˻֣ôС͵ġ
ׯеķ紵ݶҪ棬ׯ֮Ҫ棬ͶҪ棬ׯҪ棬κκΪҪ棬ϵĲȵȣÿʮ춼޾ϸ桭
ݲ÷ķˡƿٶҪʹǺõúܣ
ںԺĹӷѳ˲ٴϺٰǶ˿µʲгвƷҵ˰ݲϲ֥
ӿ˿۷ںլﲢϡ棬Ȼݲ֪ȻԺη˵ʾţݡ
֮ΣɻǷ˵Ρ
ŭθߣһҲڳƫȥ˸ĸŮϡ


20 յĻ
һϣׯӶǼɹ
ݲٰʰȥҵȻֻٰһճӵĶ򿪿ֻۣЩҩġ
ҲûˣζˡϴθҵСҲˡٰ¶ۡ
㣬˫ʮֻҪܹҪٵ١
⻰
ԴھΣٰҲϲΧݲת˺üȦĺá
ʵǣԽ࣬ݲԽǺգԽ޵ݣԽҪٶǺЩЩ
ݲ轫ⶼһ飬ֱӽֻɰٰ룬ŰѰϵǮҲһȫٰ
ٰɰﻹаĴƱּȴƴǡ
šȥʲôҪð죬ܳøҵġܿͶȥҡ㰲סһ󡣾ܿԼʲôҪʲôֻȥ򡣸ҪͣҲСˡıãҪˡЩӲʲôһٸ͡úչ
ٰһмǮӺúðˣŵٻ黨һ
黨ǽģ˵¾ʱ˵Ŀʽμ̸ġÿɣҿҷͷߣûǺ˸͵ߡ
ٻ
ݲ迪ʼЦ
Լٻ˵Ļʱˣ̫ǣٻϵдĴָ״󣬿ɰǼʮǮһѵСӡм˵
û뵽ٻҲ㡭ʧ
ӣٰȴϸϸװӡ
Ȼһεģ̼ݲۡ
ٰ۷
ȥ󣬵ƯΡ
Ҫʯġ
á
Ҫġ
á
ƮƮĿĽֻһģҪʵĵġ
ˡ
ã㡣𣬳𣬷ʮġ
ҲҪ
á
ллǷ
ʵĺܡȡҲٻҪƯ̫ࡣһظ˱һһ׳ͷ棬ֱʣȷʵƯ
˵ĴȲڳ֣ڸϸ޾ϸ͹ػϡǰٰһ£᲻
óƺ˵˼ҳƺĸһҪСĸסġɷ˲ûСһֱٰиϡˡͳһ㣬ظûգٰųģŬԼ˽
ᴦԺ㵫Ҫʲôֻҵݲ̲סٰͷϹİ𣿡
ϻ᲻ۣ
ҲۡôЦţһ㶼ˡ
⻰ݲ

Ÿз׵ļݲ֣Լֻһ뿪ˡ
ٰﻹҪŸϣԴſȥҡ
ݲʵڵȲˣڳſڴӵķ磬˽ճŵĵһˡ
Ȼؼҵģʱָ⣬˹עȥ˸ҡ
ȥλ˸ֵǸ򵥽ĸŮؼ֮˵һ顭
¼㶣ϲ
Ϸ˸æ޽ϳǰԺʰȥŮԺӒٰ᷿סʵݲĿڴˣϣ泩סģҲϣٰ˺ϰߣϣܾչ˵ǡ
ݲʾʱ󣬻ٴλݼˡ
ؼң
һȴ˳ۡյڴ˿̿ȫѾͷǣµİ裬Žص԰ӣҶĸߵһȾļҾߣȫܣھκʹ
Ժͷˡ
ٻҲڣӦǸ밲
Űţһԡ
ݲһϵһһ뵽Ů̻ʽɵĵģͷܵԸӡ
ԥȴթһթ̽һηѾӭ˳ƽһΣԷ˲
ȱգʼһٵŤ
үɻˡҴҴ۽ǡ
ݲ迴һۣôˣɷ䵭û̫໳ɣֻΪæһϸմӪۼ˲ž񲻼á
˴ˣ˾šϵ΢΢ͷĿѣŻ£΢΢Щк˶ˡ
ݲ迴ٻ
ٻӵ˰
᣿
ǻƣƫҪȥׯʿɰѻȥ԰ĺӱߡ֪ôģׯϵĹ㷢ˣһԶ۸η˰˵һѡ
ݲͷ伫ŬѹŻ뿴ڹ̬򡣿Ÿһڣ㱬ˡ
ٻҧżȻ¼Ů˾ȻڿڰְˣֶκٻûңΣûҧȥɣ



21 Աȵĺ
Ķ˵ˣݲѹ˻ٻ
һˡ
ˣƣƨ
˵Ƥļ˿Ѫܱˡ
һ±뵽˶Ů£ٱȻذٱ˰ɣɰҲûһʹһᣬ෴ʼնڰοԼ
Դ˿ٻίʲô
˰жԱȡ
һ¸׵ĶʹοһøС¡֣
ƫƫٻֱָżӡϺۡ
֮ݲԳŮʧ˲١
в֪ڻϽͣү࡭
ҽ˵ࣿ
ǵûСɻҪμӡ
Ǹ˶ݲٴθϣȻô˶ῴҲۼҶˡҽɣ
ݲ谵סϣ϶ׯһ˿ٳֵĻֻһ˲ٴλָյ顣
Ϊ¸ģϽ̴ۼʮ꣬ҽһ򲻴һֱҵҵģүɲһʱ嶯˸ġ
ݲȥɫ¶¸
ķˣȻѸҽ֮ٻ֮ǰɼػ
˿¡˿̸뿴ŻϷҪľʲô
ȷʵϵȵľһ䡣
飡飡պӱôˣǹԵ޹ֻһˣ߱ضйֻԻΪǰ㣬ĲͼǽľҽҪԾأаʧ
⣬ϽɱʵϿһˣҲ˼⣬ᷢ£ϲ½ڰյĸоľǸֱֽоı
ݲһǸ⣬ҪʲôׯϾӣĿȻңȻǳĸŮȥġ
ﻹءĻ徻
ҽˣûëûд󰭡գҽ־õĲһȬˣһүǲż
ҽëްݲٴЦ˵õƶɸҽûѰĴȺ͸ҽȻһͷ˼֡
š֪ˡ
⡭Ϊ˻ү͸
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˵ֻԸԭ󣬱Ǵʦ֮ˡѾá
ԸԭͲȥˣŮӼңͷ¶档ղ˵˾𣿻ڼһɡ
žɷЩŹ֡
ү˵Ļսεʢ󣬽ʱʺӹǵĻ׹ݴٹ˶ϯ˵̫ҲǰڼôҪĳϣβȥֻӡ󣬶Իǰ̶дôлġ֮˵ձƴʦ
ˣ㾿ҪΣֱ˵
˵ٴαϣܲ˵ҲԳЩ
ү빬ʱҪô䣬һλҽﻪҪôϿһƿࡣ
ĻϯպĴᡣƯƯ֡Щʵۣйҩ°빦Ȼֻһ
ȷʵԼˡȨеλȴáڻʵ۸ǰΣ˰ͶͲģȴӭϷֱϹôᡣ
ϰͲԼܴȥϷϸǰֻ̾ʵ۱ضġܺĨᣬʵȻᲹƷҩƷƷһ͹ֶյĹؼʱ̣˷ֻҪһ֣óΪġٵպʦһлˮɣ
ԣүһֻˡֻҪڻʵ￪һܴҪĽ
ֻǡֻû뵽
ž

ݲ边һ裬ȫҵĸǰ
ֱ½Ҳȫ˲ˮմ˲Ҷ
̫죬ٻһ
ˣȥҽǴ㣬ȴûƤݲ軹ûйޣͲѹˡ˿̵붼û룬һץסֱļȣҵϵĽűߡ
ԭţǷҪʮ޵ϣ˽´¡ɲһСĹĲǻԾɡŮ˰ԼúͿơ
Ȳޣ
ֲ赲ץϵıƿֱ˸顣
һ߳ȥֱеģ
ƹॣؿ˵Ķϵı˵ش󺿡
ٻҲŵˣһ߼Уһ߰
ĸŮͷʹޣ滨ίģūŹһأ˶үϢŭ
ϵĹȰݲ뵽ׯͷϣԲһŶ׼ӵȥֱӹ˺üȦ
˵ūŶķݣˣʮʮӣ˭˵һ䣬̹뽫
ٻŵɪɪ
Ҳ졪ٴһᣬŵٻϽס졣



22 ҪޣһƼƱļӸ
Ҳŭˡ
ٿָǰ
үι㣡ҲֺαҲ緢˿˼𣿻ίĲǲº˻ģȻү鲻ãԸ侲ɣĴȾͲүˡĴȴٻȻμסա
˵գϸʹ˸ɫʾϽϺ˦תߡ
ݲһЦ
µķˣ߰ͷ­ԶƫμҵģûаԼķˣ
֪ӣΪμ浱ǰɣ
ذɣȻݼңǻȥˣͲûˡ
ү⻰Ǻ⣿ĴίҲƺ˾Ÿסһͣ˻ϣŲҲǦûǰһ
˵ȥμҰɣһʱȥ
Բŵɴ۵ĿɲֹĴȡ
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ûɣ
˶ԭء
ŭĿԲˢˢίί¼޸۽ȥഺͲŸɣսսΪҺͷıǰʮ꣬ɷһҪ˭ܵˡ
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һֱ¼ޣɵͷȴޣ
ݲ裬ƾʲôΪŮΪԺչӣТ㳤Ϊ޵Ҷˣ㡭
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УǾ˵ˣׯϽ˺ˣЩ˲⣬һֽ֤к·˰롣Ҹһλᣬ£ϲϣ
΢ſ˿ڡ
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Һθɣѹ֪ôүҺŮ£Ҫͷ𣿡
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ЦأǸҪɱˣҺαػҪɸȥһƾʲôң
ƾҴ˾ҽȥ

ƾۿ⣬鵽˸ҽҩ֪ĲΪݲתĴȣׯͷѾˡʵЩΪˣʮޣԻһ档
ϿɷǶͷ飬ϻ򶨵ġ
ׯͷʲôˣҶһƬϣׯ˶˭˲֪ȷʵׯͷмͣһΪׯͷӦĸŮһƬĻҪ˰үδ̫ûˡץߣ£Ҫ֤ݡң룡
ţݲͷż
ϼվסٻһѡ
Ǳ˵ǸҽѱȥǰԺ
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ȹҪǰԺȥȴٻסˡ
Ļݡ
ġûǱ¡ϽٻƽӻСȥܷʲô㶼Ҫͽﶼ׵ġǷ߹üסˣԶͷ

ݲߵ÷ɿ죬ǰԺʱҽѱ顣
ҽס˸׳죬ûٹҵٰС㡣
ݲ㣬ͷʹ
ʱ򣬳˽ҶӣǴ˲Сģǰϲһ״һ㡣
һʮö򲻵ѣıӿӶӺô
̯ģ
ݲ˽߾ͳȥ
ҽ⺿
ӦϣݲԹŭ֮
ɲˬ˵ٴγ˸ҽġ
ָǹؽһ´λҽ۵ش
ҽģӦβ˵ġ˫ֻ֣ǻݲ㣬ҲȥˡݲѶ֣
үСԩ
ǲԩҶ㿪ﶼʲôҩӣ˭ĵΥʹ˭նʲôֻҪұ˫֡
СġСġ
үֻȱ𣿡Ѿ˸ϵֱӴ˽Բ̴еõν֤ݣҸŲλã룡
ϱ⣬СУΧʮһݲ費棬ȻҲԹš
ԩң͵óʵԵ֤νĺأ˵ı֤˺֤أ˭ҧıģﻹǰҶʣöƷھ⼸ūżͿԱŵģ
ϵ仹ûŪԭίҵ˷㡣ݲʵԵ֤ݣովӳˡ
Ǹҽ˭ӣ·ϣҾģضֱʺ﷢䣡ʱɱҲ棡
һ۵ȥ˸ҽϡ



23 ӦԺͺ
ҽ´󶨵ͬʱҲ˿֮⣬ѸվλүˣСԩĲúû꣬鷴仯Ϊ˿̲֢˱һҧСĲΪ¡С㣬ǶСӲҪСϵģСҲСܿƵġСʲô֪ʲôûү죡
һǻҽͷ󶨡
з˶ţֻҪҧʲôû𣿴˵ģҲǡҽˡܱȱҪǿɣ͹Ҳ£ֻҪүȥ
ү
ϵ㣬ͦɫ
赭дǲˡһھǻϻʺͷ͢棬ȷҵ²λܹ⽫ķˡڶѴؼ֮ʱʱƷ꣬ܺǽδͺǵԵ˵ˣݼҵ
ҪΪŲλãμ治ˣôҺμұصݸ״ԲǵóѡģǴɻ䣬ҪҲҪ˼ոǴͻʥ档ʱһʥּɱ׷ĪĴȱֻ˵үԼˡ
ϲŲæҪ뿪
ȵȣ
ʵȫݲԤ֮Сһûȷʵ֤ݣѲӶУɰҲӲһȥ֪ˡ
²ϣµׯūȺӹҽӹūܼɴһǧūūŲײӵף˰ӶūӼҹ棬ҪңұˣԿ׶úýȥɣ
һҵ֪ݼҾмҹ棡
ӽˡһ˽ҹȥ˷С˼ǵÿֳʮ顣һС׭Ǿ𣿱С׭дɣΪÿնʱһ飡мǣ͵ָҹ潫ҲܴҵġŮ롷ǰ㣬أ
ݲһ߽˿ɷ
˵ˣûˣҲö͡ʵۻʺҲܲȼ£
С׭Ƕž˴дĿܣС׭Ϊĸ͸ףΪ˸ˡ
ոҵǸҽ㻹ԿšֻҪΥ棬˼ɣ
͵ģԶײԷô֮ˡ
һڣס
Ĵ
У˼ǵñ˼ҹ棡һݵٻҲϽѧ
Цϥ񣬿ɸһתɷٴβΪ¹ȥˡˣһ׷飡
Ųһͣǰ˲ӣ̬ⲽ
Ĵ൱ѣûһ֣ԹԻԼסȥˡȻ
һǻŭڰͦػԼԺУŸй˳
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һ뵽ݲҵǼֻͱ̫Ѩͻͻ𡣲ۣ
£ںͷ

үȡԿˡ
үÿ˿ⷿ
үѡʮƥУصһƥƽҲˡ
үѡ˲񣬻ȥ˷һӡ
ү˽⣬˺üᶫ
үѡ˺öҩģ˲֥ˡ
үѻȥµһͷͱʯͷˡ
үȥ̫Ķƿ
үжװ˳
ȥˣүͳ˸ҡŸſڣƼƼҲ˸ҡӴڿжСˡСҲߡ

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ʲôϺٰң
һЦ
Ц
檣Ȼʸȥ
֪ģΪĸݲˣԱƵҺŮ޴ȥүͷ˲ɣôǺ
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һԶǣǮСһ뵽ԼŮμ¼֮۱Щܲˡ
ӣү˵ãֶŸ׵ոϸ󱳡
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ãϲŻ
ڼҪңҲÿҿɻóѣʱҪ߶ʱʱۡ
ɲŲæţҲͰġ
ͷϣұȲƽϡ
òˡ
Ҵ⣬Ϣϼա
ԶԶԣ˻ĪҪ뽫֣˸顣ֻǵҪָΣ˱
Ĵһ˦ȥ֪⻰ӲǹȰǺѧǽǳӲġҲʮֽ֣ܹ鲻á
Ϻγ֪ܽûǲ˸ǰ
ġ£ֻϵˡ
ӷġū澴μҡ
šСпȥүǶμȦĴȵһˡܱQҲûӡ˿⽫ΨһĵӣȴĴġ



24 
Ĵһֱݲ裬ԾһһŮ㹻Ůϣݲ貢̫硣
ΪˣΪӦɫ˵ѾͷһȥݲߡȾǷҪߺʹģɾԼĴ֮һٶá
Դ˿̵ĽλС㣬ȴֻһλӡģҲճٻӢ
СӢҪүģҪΪ֧ģǰ;޿ĴȽܳɫ
ӢŲʮ꣬ͬĺͯȴǸٮٮߡҺӻʱʦַӢҺӿʱӢա
Ĵȫȫμҵģݼҵ䣬⺢ӽǸȫţ
ϽŬĺ˭϶޹⺢ӼΣ˵꿪ҪӢ빬λСӡ
˭֪ѰӢ˳͢˲
ͬģݲҲΨһĶӺܿءÿæҲʱְӹ֣̼С
ӢҲĴȵһԵ
Сȥ԰̫̫
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սҿɴ塣϶Ծɳɫ绨չ˹ϣơ
ϸ˵䣬ǱݲѾһҹ桱
ŨصīձдģȺš
һдСϰ㼸ǧ֣첢ÿճʮ飿
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ʱ󣬰Żء
븮˽Ĺ£ƿԳߡ
Ĵû뵽һׯ֮УȻûõѶϢ
ԭǲǸϵѹûкˣΪ˹ݺԼׯ֤֤ȫ˶Ƽ˵ǽǵĺڲ
˵ˣûֲׯҲûУȷʵġ

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Ӧòǡǲ̴ʩ룬˯ˡ
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´ˣС˴ţΪҪıֻܣһ·ҲңŪòҲ̶ãӦҲûʲô⡣ǰֵ·Ҳͨͨ⳵ġŲĿġ
һû
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ʵû뵽»ĪׯƫƧ˭ҪʲôǶ֣
᲻Żк˸Żȥׯϣ
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ǰ㣬п̫֮λ⼸֣û׼ȥץҵİѱȴˣֻܽƾͼװ
ĴԽԽͷۣ̲סһ̾ûӰĶȥ
뷨Ӳ·ˡ
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ǰͷֲۣһ䡣
Ҳ̫ģ˵ǸһȫҲһΧҹˣûҵǰΣȷʵǱ˴ˡ
ĴȻ˻ʾⰢ뿪
⣿Ҫͺˡ
ˣûֱʧصĸоЩ־塣
С̵ҪӱһʮҪӮգҲ߰˲űաǿάȣҲٵʵڲãҲһ
ɽգˡ
֪˱ֻñ˰ǣһһϹ
ڰָо
ȻһΣݲ裬ʮûдӵ֮˽ȴӶˡʮ궼ྴɷ򣬲һϵĹ򣬱ޣİǺǣˣסˣ
нϮñʲôȷİȫС
ǰ뿪󲻾ãݲʾӽʱֹκ¡
ĴȵѹסԽڵŭ𣬻ǽֱߵһײ˳ȥ
ıͲˣ
ĵ

ٰҡ
һʮδůϤĸоȴһ㶼û١
һȦһٷų߶߶ܱöſֻ˿ɵЦǱѣףͷĿѣ˯ȴҲһûӰĺ顣
ҲϺȣ󳵵񵽸ҡ̬ȣȻ֮⣬ٰۣ͸˶Թ˲١
ٰڿ游һһû̫ףƴʣ˵һжһµｻ䣬ͻȻţûпܰѵҲ˳ɾԼһӺڣҲ󣬻ܸӣ
Լǰô࣬ȻҪծҪϢģҲְɣ
ٰţͷһմƤƲˡ


25 ˵ֶ
죬ٰΨһ˯̤ʵһ
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Ǿ˾˼ҵŮޱ
Ҳ־ӵլҲϴµġ
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ǰٰҲͷڼϸһ棬ǺٰٻȦӲһֶμҽý飬͸ޱ治࣬Ҳûжıø顣
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һǺϲ㣡ǰôô·ôЩİˣ㲻һҽôµıӪԡ
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26 ͻĴ
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27 һ
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28 Ŀӽ
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29 ׼
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š˵Ļƻ˶Բʱͻս͵Ժδˡ

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30 λ
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˸ޱǿǴҹڴŮֱֱٰ͡ûۡ
ü˺ü飬ֽӹٰ֤ʵûš
󷽣λŮѾٽ
ŮǹŮѾ߶š
ƿӵæһʾٰҲվվÿ·
һȥŮ˵Цţ߶δбһ£ȹϷȥ
࣬ŮһλǺĬȥոջΪȴǸŮóһֱϵĽݡ
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ٰ˸ϽҪǰλŮ
ޱҲǰһǽ㣬ŶԣȲ³ײ˳ߴˡ
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һӴһ
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ѾͷٰᣬʱѵĶûˡԼǶأūŵ̫ˡƣȹЬӶˣǻ
Ҳ׷װǻٰѵ˼䡣
ô£ʲô˶ϷôѾͷĸڹ£˭𣡡Ѿֱ߳š
ǱѾλŮǸͬʱٰ˷ֲϲҲ˲٣󵽵Ĺվ·ɣ
ǾǡŷӦ㱻ӡΪվλö˺þˣ׸Ųλýռ˱ˣ
ɡٰһˣʱСɼҽϱߣҡҪȥƻġ
ٰյݳݡݽҵĶС㣬ݼҴСɲϱߣ⡭һʱЩԥ
Ů첻ˣ׷˭
߰ɡλŮȴԸ˶ദףһᵽûֱӵзϻĬؾߡ
ǻкܶء
ϰ볡˵ϽʱλӶҪˡѵֱ֮ǱԼ̬ϽλҪ
ҽ㡭ٰ΢һָ̧˴λѹͿٻߴҽݣߴ⼸֣ˡ
ݣ
Ȼһ֣ǰλĽŲһԵ
ݵĸ߹ֻһλںĵУվߴġʵǼλŮΧŮеһӦֻٻ
ǣ˫ˢˢͬһ˲ٰϣ·
˶뵽վʢеǸԡ뵽ݲ³Ů



31 Сˣң͵ļӸ
´ڷ˼⣬˽ֵǸŮ
ſͰ͵Ҳ̶õ£ͼᵽ˷ָװ硭ƺأ
Ǹ㱻˺ˣȥӪ֮˾
ôһĿЩ
Ӧ˵ҲͬçײǷס
ŮһӣԿ˶Էͼ
Ʊ޵еóײˡôðѱ棿
ǲ룬ԥǸõڵѣǵڴֻȥٻҪ˵ȴû뵽۵СﾹȻ˿ڣǣλһʶҽɣҽΪСٻλȥҼҽЩ£ϲȥǴһ̰ɡ
ŮٴǾӸ￴˼ܡ
ͺܴ̼ܾʺܼĲ
ͬĸɱĸɱ֮Ľûమɱĳɾֻõĳ㹻ٻɨأΪЦ˰ɣ
£ʲô£ǶԼͬ뵽η׮ţΪ£ٻмܣ
ͷȸԾڴòСԣ͸ð˴ȥٻĺϷܱΪѸҪ˼ɣ
λŮоͬʱȿڰѯС١
Ӧǣλƾ֤ӦȷС㡣
ͬʱƼٰϵơǣʵŪֺηģǽˣ
ǣŮͬʱͷͬӦˣͬʱڳһºʹȵЦ
֮ͣϰɣ
˼
ٻã㽫ȵף˵ģͳ׸̫ĺѡأ
һʱ䣬ŮϵЦ˼֡
ٰҲϽϵͬʱʾ˸ޱ
ֻתǰÿԶͮ²һš
Ŀཻͮﶼ𾪣ٰ飬Խͷҡҡȴ϶Էܷ񿴶룬СɣСɶ˼䣬ȥͮ˵䡣
ٰĿδɣ˿̿ɲܾô뿪ڷۿȥûƼΣʱסͮ˵
ͮϰæֻҪСһ˸̨ܲԼץ߰ɣ
ٰ˶ģϽϡ
üȻٻãǼԵչһġм˵˵ɡģǼٻһ𳤴󣬴ڣһ㰲ȫ͵ط
лλ㡣ոնгײƣҼƽϻңٰˡҽһúøлλġٰıֺֻܺжԱԼ˲ŸԸá
лֻǶ²źأһЦ
ô᣿㲻ֲʶô֮ˣ
Цˡٻ˽վӣⶼǸô
ǴٻˣüǵҪԼ䣬Ӳǡ
ǶǺˡ˭˵ǲãҵһٰɵɵЦš
˵
ҲһЦ
˵ٰ
ԡ
ٻһΪиأһѾ̲סһ䡣
ô˵أСͷһ۹ȥûйˣȥȥ˼
ٰȴæ𡱵ֹסѾߣԲסҸŪȹӺЬӡһġ˵ҡҸ㡣

ٰЦŶλŮλֱڿѡׯʱҲΪֱ˴ȤϰˡҶֻǾȤж⣬֪ġǱλ
ٰС΢ӣȴøոջڿ༥ļЩЦСɶԸūҲôɫַС͵ģɼʲôӡ
뵽ǰԣٰǿͰ͵ηģЩˡǣ̫ˡǸģԵж໵Ƶġ
ôηĸŮǶˣ
ͦġ
ҾҲǣ˳ڡ
һֱסׯ𣿡
Ĳʶǣ
̬Щ
ٰ֪ĸޱһûܱϹ
ޱЩţλڶ̶ʱ̬ȴת䣬Ŀ¶ģôĿӦٵĿ¶ֱ˿̴ϼֹġ
ٰôģ
ǳƺǡС㡱áٰˡá
͸ޱһ֮ʵ١
Ⱥ˵ЦߵĹѽ˵עˡ
û취λŮ۵Ĵڡ˿м仹һŹģŮӣ˭ܲ棿
ֻһСĹ򣬡ѹǸСˡ㴫˽һ·ߣһζԻҲסؾ˶С


32 »ɵ
һʴ𣬼ٰĴɽҲλŮĿʣѹĸŮ
ٰ£Ұ֮ѧʶãǲѣױ綼ᣬ۲ʶ̩ɽûʶġǶൣźá
Ұ֮أ
ţũׯ
ͲС켰˰ɣ
м¡
˾ǴˣҷûҪظ
Ӳáҵչš
Ѳɻ³𣿡
ҡûס
ѧʲô𣿡
Щ
һһ𣬲Ůŵˣòˬ졣治ʲ֪ĸηģҲСŮ̲ܣҲţҲܳɹ󸾵䷶ֱЦ
ߣҿǺܺáŮӲ̫ѧʶױǸֻԼʱվдԾġڲʶˣǸˡҼ磬Ҳɣʱȸܼ档ѧʲôҸʦ
лˡ
þںδʱ˵ȥ
ҡǰŸոݾӵ˳иҡ
ǰ
ԣǰϡ
ңǽ𣿡
ĸҡλǸҵıáסڹͬ
ã˵ǰϱ׷ɱѵ
ģҵ֪ˡ
ץ𣿡
ԷոǿӰȥ١
ӽ£Ǭ̫ˡ
ôؼأ
㡭ҡ
мҹ鲻𣿿ġ
ٰŲλŮĿĸ໹ǹػ̾࣬м漸ּ١
ȡ衣໥á
Լ˵¶ϵĳȻǺڶ
ҲյĿ֮һ
ǰٻҪʱűƳ̨棬ߵ̨ϡ
ȻҪѱѡˣȻǵԼ׺ѡ񣬰Ļع鷽ʽ
ǣ벻ʲôϵȨ׻գֻʲôٻҪͽλߺͰеľ߼üһãʲôֵ
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ǲǲ
Ȼ֪ĺġ
֮󣬽˲ʶĶС㣡
ȷʵʱ˿̣ж˶զ࣬˶ڳ˶ڰؽͷӶ
˵
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жС㣬ĸ䣬򱻷ĶС㣬Դԡİɣ
ڸ̨һߣһڹӵŵٻв֪Ѳ֪Ƶ۵ġ
յ˹ָģŲʧׯأ嵭͸ŻһɫȴƵ֯ǵɫȹӱչһҫ紺յĺˮ㲨ԣһֶĿָ߼Ĺʡ
ΪкϷ⣬˽ΪѰĸ׿Сĸµȡѡȹ䣬ȷʵ͸һѹʽĹ
Ҳܱ£Ҳһ߹ţׯ磬ǳȣѲ뵽񡱵ĳɣ
ʺ̫һҲһע⵽ɣ
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ֱ
ݴСıأһдƵ
ٻǳˡ
ͷԷ볣ƶŽվǴԼˡߣ޻̸֮Һ˵˵ԡ
㣬㣡㣡
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㣡ٰ̤ϸ̨󣬱Ǹһ̨ȫۼ
˶üǹǣɽͷӶ˭ҵĹ˲֪أСгɺͳ
ٰȴԽԽ𾢣ƹ˰̨Ⱥ첽ٻȥ
٣Ȼע⵽˵
νԽûأԽԵǸĸ񶾡˭ׯϳûеĸأĲ
ңԼԽᣬٻλϣԽСɣ
ź´ЬС˭˭
㣬㣡ȺʧһСĻȵ˲˵Ьײ˵ļ磬䵽˹ǵһĵȴδš
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ٰðʧշ䰴ŶЦ
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ɵ£Ҷϲʵʡ֣ҶҪģ
Ц첽ϣãЩߡٻ㲻˵ģע̬һ䣬Ѿðʧٰݡ



33 ѵٻ͵ļӸ
ٻԭأʼͨ
ȷϣٰˡ
Ǹıһ࣬ף̬ۣġٰ˭
ǸӶ񣬷׷ױò˳ģɲԼĿã
ôˣμҼλСٻһʧɫ
ٻ뼷һЦǣֶֻоӲˡ
ҵȥȥ촽΢΢ٻʾμҽá
μøһӣƼٰЦӯӯŵģǡλǶüֵλ
ôˣʲôСѾЦվٰߣμҽãٻˣʲôһӭģһ
ٻҲǵġǰæþϲˡô磬ôҲȥãСЦһ·Ϲˣ㣬ɲ
ǣøմׯǣز죬㲻һٳʲô£ʱˡС㻹⽫աׯϡ١۸ҧҧ
ָٰˣλС㣬ǽ뾩ĶС㣬ٻáٰ
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һߵС˱¥ǰŵĻʺŮ٣к
СԴһʺˡ
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ٻʯԭءö˶ֻЦ۷׷ףҪǣע⵽ʺǸŮ٣շһڣüͷ¡ǻᴫʺС
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ôˣʵûУ˹֣׵ĹԼáԼĻٰĺ᣻ԼĴׯţٰçײ³ԼĿ˳ٰۣ֮֮֮Щγ˾޴󷴲ΪһЦ
£ЦΪıǩΪĨƽĹȥΪڳĥ𣬻򽫱ʱʱóȡЦһμ䡣
ˣֻҪ뵽һ㣬ûٰЦûٰ֡
ֲٰܶҪٰأٰƫƫҪġٰϲ׷ĽΪԣƻǡ⡱ûƿٰ
һ̵ٻ沿ḻƲסڼЦΪѣʹ࣬رܣίߺޣǣģ̼ߡ
һ̵ٻҳһţʼ־򽫷֣ʼٰΪİʯ
һ̵ٻٰĺޣ˲䱻͵Ĵ𣬰εضӱȼš
ԼôҪһգʲôΪδƻΪξԼȥΪҪôԼ
ɷǣһ˭ԼʹʦԨԴ
˶Žլǵ¡
ʲô˵ֻһվ㹻Ƿˡ
Hĸ׵ķ̰ᱻס˻ʺۡԼǰ̣Ǵ
ٻãӶҪըˡ
ٻ˼ȴˣԽûΪԭأʵ˶ǹϵĴԽʢϻɿΨ²ҵġ
ã߰ɣ
Сһٰ֡Ƽˣ㣬㣬Ը㣬㣬أˡˣ㻹ǸҰɣʲô£Ǽ˵һܰ㣡
ٻһ̧ۣıĺ͵óѣɰԼͿˣٰǱ˴ģԼֲȣԸٰȥ֪Ҫ׳£ٺ
ٻϽ飬ЩͷûӦˡлˡٰҽС㣬Ȼûеųġ
ֻˣŬĳá


34 ǷծˣӸһ
⽻ͷӶһ¾ʹˡ
ٻϣȷǴ󲿷˶ôǱĹǽС㡣
ٻĹ˼ǶԵģϵһ˲䣬ǽñ˵Ľ㡣
һǷʵ̫һɫĵһ·СҰ֮Ŀɲòװ磬ϡ
ٰͷϵİϵϺһ˫˺۵ʵעĿټ֮ٻûסı顭ڽ˵˼Ǹ
˭ûŮ˭ŮҵֵزϮĹλǻصģŮҲǽʳӡǿʲôС㣬Ƹ̯˶ŵͯϱ
СˣǸòﴦ֪
ΪпڽԱԲôҲֻʣǸˡ
ȻһвǿѨ硣
˵ǰǼϵĴڳڹŵ޼ɴ˿̣ͷηƷԭӡ֮Ѵﵽ߳ɡ
ٻͷƤ飬ȴòϽٰ貹
㲻ǲ㡣Ǿˡû뵽ͻȻôզզ˿ЦӰ˾͸úúϢģǴӼ͵ܳİɣҲ͸㣬Ƕû𣿡
ٻһڣٰΪ˸ΪȽٰĺᣬҲƲԼȥ˸ͷϡ
ٻѻָŶׯǸԲסдЦˡøմЩ³ç¡ոðײ˴ĸλи񣬵Ǹλ˽ú
ٻȴٰƾʲôƺ۵ҪԼ
ؼǳƻЦٻ˽ôŶҪ±߳£֮ˡǲҲллǼ
ٻһ˫ȭؿֱ£ˣ£ծǼˡ
ȴǲòֱͦ塣
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ٻҪʾμҽ뷨Ӹٰͳƣ֪ӱٰһ
㣬ûӣ
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ǰ츮Ÿ˼ȥôˣҪӵĻҪ˷ģɲǳ˵㡣ٻԲԼһˮ
ǲǡٰ֣̿дᣬֱ۸ˡǰ͵ҵӣðҾߺʣи￴ġҷġһûģǵ˽Ǽ
ǲ˺þãԡ
ˣ
ٻѪӿÿιȥô˵ȥĳȫҪˡٻҲ˲Խ񣬲òڸϲձϽڴϡ
һӺͲԸӵ˼ҡ
ҽ͡
ٰڵøԴҲ˸ͣɻǿдٻҲǸҪӣǽ衣ҡΪŪ˳ѾߵȹӺЬӣҪ⡣ҡһһ˵һġ㲻õģҡһȥĸ˾ͻһòã
ٻö֪˵ʲôˡ
ѾͷȻԼ壡һ±һŪԼոպòװصǲǣ
˿̵ԼǷ񶾵ս㣿Ϊ᲻ӣΪǮΪҪԲһڻؾŹһ㣿
Ƽٰ
ɵáҪģһȹһ˫ЬѣҼȲǿҲôС÷ģˣ⡣ٻҲģҪӡ
ٻ۶ˡ
ʲô
ʲô
ʲôˣСԼģҪˣ
ǱŷԼأ
ٻֻһڡ
ӣ˫⣡ΣݼҪ棬ѵЦ
㣡
Ȼý˶ܽܡȻ㿪ڣұ㲻ˡ



35 
һɨȥٰð⣬εͻȻ͵
飬治
ȻԸ˫ȻҪݺһʡ
ҼѾͷЬӲʲô˫Ҳһʮӵ¡ʾѾͷ
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ϧϽһˡ
ýһȣǰߵұ䣬ӵ˵ءúһӣôˡʵڿûƽϡΪ˲ѿ˿̼ȻݴС󷽣Ըеáƽ˳ȥ
㿴ǰ޲أǡ
˫أ
Ǻǣ
ĳʣһһɵĳˡҪ޻ԭٻǵҸ׵Ľˡ
ٻ֪˶ǳκ죬ȴֲҷĳƿǿģ
ȷʵʨӴ󿪿֮⡣ȴΪǮһҪٻѿʾٰװɵٰڹʱ˹ע㶼ٰ۶ӡ
ٻŤͷٰŪģ
ҡٰͷѿؿڣССһӦǡ
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ٻһǿѹ»㣬ЩʱұƵĽ󸮣±㵽Ϊֹɡޣ޲һģһĻóóЦ˵İѱ
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ǲĳѾͷٴٰ֣Цӯӯ
ưѰŵã𼱣Ӱˣ㳤еľǣƽϵġ㳤ͷ䣬ֵʮӣֵϳǧ˿ͷˡԣûţ
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˿̣ٴεڽ˲ֻĽͷӶĻ̨棬жʵмִĵģΪԼҲӮ˲͵
ٰҲƸӼֵڰԽǺˬ֣ɸǺݺݴٻ
ʹʹáٰҡͷææҪȡ¡ɳȴǿˣǽѹģҲǼˡգԺҲҽˡţÿ
ǴˡȰæˣٰ޵ݡ飬ٰˡ
Ǳٰллų
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Щ볣һСˣȻȫΧ£ٰߡշ䣬ƣǽõŮȡ˼͵ٰϡ
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ֲǸġ
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ã㰲ţ飬û
óúã͸úúô硣
ɲܽ㳤ȵ̫ԶŶ
һһǶٻеĻҵģܵ𣿾ʹôˣǽɨôˣ
ؼǣЩС˶ȶٰȴñ˵ڵϡ
±˲֪ƵһٰѹȺͿ
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ĶûΧ˵˽ꡣҲ̳⹹죬Ч̫ãոһǴȥ˲پ룬˶ˡ
ڲסˣ
֮ЦóΪЦ
Ҫʲôٻۼˡãסˡ



36 ټĹ
ٰͳƵѾĬˡ
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ٻǰһأնܲҥԶʧߣվҧгݣɵֲסֱ飬綼м
μСξ̲סƽС˵Сĵ㡣üʻһ˺θɣ
Ҳݰɣθɣ
Ǳס
ұƽС˵乫ְʲô£
ʲôʲôƽʲô˼û֤ݡ
˵ʲôż֪ģΪμʲôź°õأ
˸ãʱ˸עĿ
˵ν¶УɹʱֳķڳûмͳִĹ󸾣ǼС㡣
ˣξϺҲûи¸֮˳ͣ
˾ⲻˣƤһϴǴ壬ǰϵİᣬ˭״վӣԲŹγΧ̬֮
ע⵽¥ǰʺŮз̬֮ô̵ٰǰվվеûСִˣԼԿ
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ٰ˫۷Ź⣬浥ʮ㣬ٻֻ˫ȸˡ
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ٻٴΧĳ˶ۣǣǼҡ
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ٻƼ¥Ѵ˶ϰ볡ڽˡгڣ״򷢲ٰˣˣǱЩɡ
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ˣ̲סͶ࿴һһۣ
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˳ȥʱͷҲʶһ顣
վһϲˡ̫껡
ЦͦζԴ⻪Ͷº̤ʵ˶ٹķġ
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37 Աȵ˺
ٰʹӣһı˲˱
յͦɣֻǳװһȷǷĻм䣬Ȼ͡
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ٰȴ֪һ۷ȥ°Ťһŭ䲻ҡͷһü˶׽˸š
û취˭һѻŽ̫УĿƫƫվλʵĹŮм䣿
Ĳײ࣬һȺӼڸһ߳¥㱻һѾעǻ׳ʱƼ˸ۡ

ۣ˭
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ĸ磬ôǳǰʶزסûܱסЦȱ۰һû̫Ӹ硣
̫֣ЦŴӶһȺ͵͵ԼСһһߡ
һֱȱȱһϲЦտзȤץЩҪ˵꣬ӡġָ΢Ȼ˼Բ֡
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ԥǷҪ˴̽䣬ȴһ
˶·ȥ
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ոպãˤеʯϣһƷ˲ˡ
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˭Ҳûٰ֣Ĵ΢΢
ӺܿƽϢ
ԭѾͷˣððʧʧϳ塣ûʺ̫Ӵʦ˶׷ģһײ࣬ңҶ㣻ңײƵ˺һƬССɧҡ
ٰһĨᣬżæžҪȥ
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ٻһݣץøˡȥӣʺ̫ӻû뿪ء
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˿ӣһСɱһŹֵͮϸ̨͵ٰߡȻһ·һ·ޣٴνڳ˵Ĺעٰߡ
ٰĨȥһȳһյСѾͷʶѿһѾͷٰŮ
һʱ䣬˿ٻŹࡣٰӦǴѾͷˣô磬·߲ĻëѾͷѾߣ
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ųʮٻһվЧֱˣ
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ֹǻǣǻʺҲͷŮ˼䣬üмԵĲ
ٻҡҡ׹һźҲתףҲ߳΢΢ϸһ˼
ٰСɷֿסͮסҪԭСԭεġ
Żʺ棬˶Ķˤô鷽ôٰ
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38 ˵
ٰ⣬С˸Ĵָ
ԭҪעԼ׼ȷ˵ٻϡţʺ̫Ҳ⡣
ҲǵѡСɵԭ
Ҫġ
Щ˲һ𣿲ĴĳϣȻվߣʹ࣬˳㷺ĸġӣΪ˱Լ˳侮ʯ
ԣع飬һҪһ˵ĵڶԭҲˡ
һıݣҪϺٻ˵壬Ҫ䶨ǸԣҪϽǰٻνķٴֿǰӦǰָзǷ꣬Ƚ
ٻҪֺûʺ̫ӣ룡Լڣһûʺ̫ȶ
ޣʲô
˿ٻƴʦ˵ʲô˲õĻʱҲΪЦ
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ϴˢ˺øУ㹻æһˡ
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ٰ˿ھͺãϷŸտʼء
Уͳ˵ˣᾡƺ󡣡
ٰ̲ס˻ͮĺġ
ȥͮȴԷ˸šѽ̫ƣˡ

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ٰע⵽ٻμҼҧ˺öζ䣬ɵȴκжԼóˡ
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˼Ϊʵ䷴ٻӦʱȡ˵ڴʦǰᡰԭƻ
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Сɱǿصĵһʱ䣬ƾ轿Сͺ͸ɹߴֻһһ־һץ
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ףСɷ֣ϲȵе˿ڡһߵĳҲˣšǱ۶ϵģѹոյһʱаѺĳᣬȴûܷ𡭡
ٰѾˡ

ǰֻٰ֪ٻƴʦᡰ󡱣ȴ֪ʦ˵ϻġٰ˼ôˣٻģ곤ģִıȱȽǣٻôʦΪڣ
ܲóóȻȥƴʦʡɻǵʮǰĽǰǸŮɣ
ٰһֱٻ˶ʲôԭϲȵ
񳯷ﰡ
˵ϲȵ˭ңֻٻǰѰӺͱÿ֮𡪡ʱֻҪμ⼸λզզ˳һᡰȻҲˮȥƴʦϡ
ˮɣ´󼪣
ʱٻݸϷƾ񣬻ܲ
ϲȵа⣬ţӦϲ֮˵
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ҲΪӣ䴧ϲȵܾ˰ɣ

ϲȵˣոǡòŪɣ
񰡣
ϲϲƨ
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39 ϵսƼƱļӸ
ٰһСץֺݺһġ
Сһϲȵһ±ȥֱٰߡ
ߣǳư
ƻ쳤˲ӴЦʺ򡣵Ȼٰ֪̫ӡ˼ӲҴţֱˬһ㣬˿̿ϲġ
жײȣŵԼԶ˵ʱʵѾˡһͷǺںëףͱ󻹴˲ٵĲ֮˽Ļȹʱ˲侪
ٰ׼һڿ˵ط
ƵѾֿ죬Ͻǰһȥ
Ⱦ궨ٿʱֻϲȵѱǲ˸ѪģƸھֵĺ֮ˤȥҵйһѣûг
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һصĺëС̯Ѫʬȫǰ
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Ů춼ʦδȱ
䲻ģȴһΪЦ̶
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ǰڵĺüŮٰôһ˵۹ȫˡЩЩ£˭ף˭ҲͱơǲңҲǲܣ˭ҲԸ׵Ĺ
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ҪԮȴѾͷͬʱסˡ
ˣȴǶٰʵٸ߿һΡ



40 ٰĹ
ٰȷʵԼ롣
ڷεԩúðᣬģ˵˵ƯѵǲԵɣҳʼٸߣ߹׾Ҫ
ģεα
Ҳһ»ͷĲ׵
һ˫Ȫӣ峺ɾ͸ģٰٰȴֻϺαװԼĹߡ
ʩԲӡ
ʦٰϽЩˣϺһڣˡ
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Ǳֿʼӷ𡱴㿪ڡ
ٰһ¼ӿٷǵûͣ׳һĿɿڴ۶ϡ
෴Ҿôʦﲻһ׷䡮ʦ֣



41 
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մеĵĿģҲҪĿģ
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üԳɻûס
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42 ֮
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Ȼٰ뿪ǰҲûޱһۣǶļ͹ľ
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ôһ˵ҲӦݶСҹո𣬺Ҳǹټҳ
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43 
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Ҿ֪ʱʼҲֵȼˡΥ𷨵ı⡣ⲻƽȵķ𷨡ҲҶԷ𷨵Ĺƽɺʧ
˿̵ңҼԲ档¶ý̤ʵأͶȡɻȡ輴ܵһʱҫҲġ
ٰҪģһҪܽʱҵļҷҹϡ
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ȥ󻹵ô
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44 ĺݵ
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Сɣ֪ΪΰѸޱںţҲˣǹΪҹǶġ

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45 ɻͽѵӸ
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46 ҵ
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УҰӣҲڸ̨ϣ˵ϲȥôΪʱʱɵëҲҪעŵ㡣
ٰЩй
˵Ķԡȷë
ɲô죿
Ҳܿյġ
ÿҲҪ˼óʱ䶼Ŷ˼ƻӦ˵򵥣һ㶼ס
Ϊң
Ҳ̫硣ѵһץ飬㻹ûˣҡ
飡
Ҫծģôɻծˡ
ƣԺҪˡûôû
ŶٰѿڶӦºžԡԼӦԼ£ʲôϵ
ٰͷ˦Źͷʼ˼ⷬ
ȻĽ鶼ʵпϣ𴦿£ȷʵټˡ

ʵͬһʱҲԼѿڶľ棬Լ֣ؿԼθɣԼΪζѿࣿǻ飬ԼҪ
һʱ䣬ԡ
ٰŷ֣ƺ˺ܾˣôͻûط
ȴһͷЦ
һԸһΪΰɡ

Ϊ㲻£ϲóƷ꣬һ㣬ú⡣
Ŷƭ㡣
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ٰҲ͵ȥϵԣ˷ܹâ
ʲôʱô֣Ķ֣
ʱ˵أôֻ֣Ҫҵģа취ں׬
ҵͲɲС
ĿԴ



47 ëƤ
һӺ󣬽ֽӣһֱײҡһεس˳ֱײӿڵ̯
δͣܵøˡ
˲࣬ת۱гȥԶ
ݣ
⻹ˣ
ũϽզ׷˳
Ǵ󺰴֣ʱֵĿۼ
ŷĳֲѰĻζ
Ҳбô
ƺŮӷ
ۿԽԽ˵߾ۼͷҵĳƺҲһź󳵾һӲߺһס족ǵúﴫһС
ͣ㡭ͣ
дſǻȷʵǸŮ
·˶˲õԤУ׷׷
ͣ
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ȥסǳ
кȣԶԶϽ·˵İ峵ķסȥ·
ŭӽѵӼҵϱƨ£
ߺߵһ˦ȥֱ峵·óȥݺײһѡ
Ű峵ԭת˰ȦǱ޳鵽֮ѿƬľķѣɢڵء
ô
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峵˴׷˳ȥߴۺ˸Ͻ١
ȻǳΪȴɲǽײһ̯̯֬˼ˡ
⻹ֳֹһֱ̯ײټļѼ͵
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ࡣ
ɡ
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
ײң
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ԽԽ˸ʼ׷
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ĺľӱײһǣƼԭǴ߲ϵġ
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Ÿһ¶棬ƺٴˤȥײĶһкʧߡ
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ɡưǱĴĺѪӡȾء
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һεģĳٽֵС̯
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Խ׷ԽˣǸ˼ѹ
ݺת֮˺󳵣ҲΧ˶Уãӹһ٣´ΣСԴ
һζľӿţ
Ҳֻٰ˾䡰׼ˡ
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֪һײ
ǳһɷһ޻£ٶȼӿʱͳذףֻôһϢĹ򣬱Ѹٽ⿪ϵ
󳵷ڿնʶ⳵򲻵ˣǸյĸ֣
ŹԣԲСٶǰۿҪײһ䷿
˶һ
Ȼǳʵڿɺޣȴǽһգȣ׼ѾζĳᲹһš
úݣ
ǰܲɣ뿪ɱڰ
һ¾ʧбˣһ߸߸ۿҪ෭бб˳ȥ
죡
ˣ
ץסˣˣ
˶ҿ
ײδܶ㿪
ٰļУһ컹ˡ
ǳһ˦ӣһﳤȥ
ܵʵڿ죬ֻ΢΢Ѱټã
Ҫ
ڳ˸Ͻ
ףҪ˵ã
ûײϷײǽ
ʧ⣬Ҳûв෭ȥ
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ңǳãҲǹ︣Ǹգɲɣǳĳԯľոպÿ·ߴ׳ϣСײô̶ԭ
ǰ鿴
һŵˡ
ĵذϣȫǵѪͱˤĴƬ
Ѫ߰ߣһϢ˽ڵĵһ䣬ǣ٣ˡҪɱҡ
˵䣬ٰ㡰Ρ˹ȥ


48 ߵ
˿̵ٰ⡣
ǡ򡱲⣬ҲǲС
ԭʱĺ̬ȣЧȷʵ
ȻΨһһβֺϱ֮ռˣһޡ
һǰֻʾҲˣ
Ŷ
ͣ˳˳װˮĴɺ
ʱˮѾѪһĺɫҺ塣
Ѫζ˱ǶٰüģȻѪȥѪˣ̲ס´ӡ

ϳģѪֻŸѪѡģҽ˰ɣԼ׼׼Ū˽ң
ٰǺǺЦ˼ɣ
СѪ㹻ˡ
һصѪ
ȹŪЩѪӡ
֮˴ɺѰƬĴɣʵ᲻϶ӣͺ˺ģϱһ£˵ѪװΡ
˿ģҲˣһҧָһգץƬɱһġ
ϼˡ
˲أҲۣüѪһֺ󣬱ǲҲ̶õģˡ
һ׼󣬼ƻ㿪ʼˡ
⼸˿񿴺ıʵܹˣȷһҪٱ˵
ѿǰ׼ײʱס
ҪСĵ㣬ң
ҲŻҺ𣿲Ҫˣ
㣡ˣʵٰûҪôһƺ岻
ǻ棬´κģԣ֤⣡
⣿Ҫ˵ΣΪݺĴȣ𣿡
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ٰأúӣ
Ӻһ÷
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ᰲźõġ
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ΣһײҲѡһ
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ʱιȥˡ
ô࣬ŪôңյϢδ̫ԲסԼˡ
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Уǳ뿪ǰľ棬ǴɱĿţ
˿ʼ򣬺ڣϾҽݡ
ȥˡ
ߣȻǿҪٸϽµ˸ҳ
˿ʼٰݡ
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ǣȥ棬Ҳȥҽȥ֮ĸ档
ٰȹ϶ѪͷϽˣֻԲѣȻ˸⶯ֻ˰æƽɳ͵Ŵ
ٱˣѯֺ㿪ʼѰǸֻһֱ˶֮£Ŀ֤࣬ȴһ˼ʵࡣ
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ܺĶ࣬ܺǽŮٱǻǺϸɢȡ֤׷ȥˡ


49 ʡµı
Ĵ󣬺һŻ
ݺҪңҪȻأĶǹֵֹģ
ˣȥȥٰĴ룬ǷԸøеĹȥذ˴
ȻǸɨǣ
Ȼ
ۣ
ٰ͸ϴڸңԭμ档Ǻݲַ볹˺ǶĸŮ类뷨Ūظˡ
˿ⲻϲµģڼˡ
£μھǶҪ޵ˡ
ãٰȴϵŮԻԼ
Թٶȸϵֳʱոٰ
ȷϣֳѪΪˤˣֱٰۣĺϥ¡˿ڵ״Ӧò޴󰭡
֮ԻԲӦͷܵײӦҲˡس̶ȣҪȹжϡ
ڹǷ˿ڣлö֪
ԹһֳҲһû뵽ôءݲȷٰΪС㣬ǸϽ˰ݼ˵Ѿȥҽ²˳١
ٰһ֪Ƿ˵⣬ԥҪҪֱܾһϷȴһնġСѾ
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ֻ֪ޱ˼ΨΨŵŵС㣬֪ޱ̳ڹ˸ǰˣһ磬˿ⷬѹʵ㲻ʲôˡ
ޱ﷢ëȴ¶Ųʡµٰ֪ȣ߿ޱ߽УλΪ֤ǽη˵ūŻҶҺңλһҪΪֹǬһҪΪҺͱ㷢
Ѹ˻⣬ڳһʾһźţһȷʵĵ򣺸Ҳ϶ǰ˶Сĸģηˡ
ټʹģջ˴ͬ顣
ҸȲμңǸһһֱ֮ġǿȨҲҪֱͦ˼Ͳӣޱ˳ߴ̧̧
˵ޱٰԹȷʵûޡ
ڳ˶·ѾԸޱٰѾʲôʮ֮¡
Ĺٱٴξ£
ʱСҲˡ
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״˵شޣС㣬ūûչ˺
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СһǷĲסΪ˱ңŰƭģСլʺ񣬶Եģ졭Сѧñ۸ʱģĵغ
㡭ޱҲſޡ㣬ԭǷ˲ףûңҲСɡǶˡ㣬ģֻҪڣһǴ㡭
ٰ
ۣԭԼôС
ѹִ˶ϲñԼˡʡ£



50 ˭Ҳ
ޱʵǿƣ˵ٽ˸ңǵĴԣŰȫͼʱҽεĿǣٱͷɸʱҽٰ
С복Ӵ˹ٱʻص
СĻΣּΪֻع˵ԿЩǳһɷĻ
СǵΪĿ֤˲٣ٱȥ˵·ȡ֤󣬸ȷǳǴٰ̳
ˣֵĶȻҪôٰѰģֻ̳ˡ
ٱҲͷۣ֮ززܺȴһ㶼١
ǵַĿʵֹ̫࣬ںˣҪҲУҪѹȥҲܡ
߹ٱû꣬ǱߴӹзյϢݲ͸ϵˡŭ죬ͽµǾ仰󣬸ǵҲѲ顣
Ӱʵֻ̫ʱĹٰ˾ǵķ
̳¶棻ٻμ˵ĳײƴʦ֮󱻰ܣŲ㱻ڡոպãһߡ
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Һ͸ޱˣҲһ¼ڸޱ඼ͬһֲηǿȨһʱ䣬֮Ҳ
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ͷҲرصײˣҲҸʩ룬ٰװ˯ܿ˯
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Щҵ֤ԵĹٱҲ߲ˣҸһע㡣
ٰʱ游;˾˵
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Ŵǵ̸֪ã̳㷢˲̤¹ʡü󸾶˵ˡ滹աν¼֮ҲԽԽ࣬Ҳһ´ܴ
ƵȫӦٰǰ⣬һʱ䣬Ԯٰ֮ˣҪ󳹲黹ٰ֮˸˲١
ٰ̲סһۡ
̤
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游;˾ˣǲˣһھػҪɱҡ
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Һȷ˶ңǱɱģûз˿̾ǻĽҰصһʬ壡
룬òٶ˵ʲôЩ㹻ˡ
ǰ֮󣬸Ҳſʼ顣ʵ󣬱׾һѶˡڽʱ䣬ǿԣϣǿ˵ΪԱܷĸ壬ҪΪһˣڶӻҲſһĴ󴬡
ҲΣա
Һ˸ҡ
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ٰǸ˵ġҲܺǰһȥˣ͸Щѣ˶ɱǰˣֻҪģȥɣ
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ٰˣֽմӹŮǶõ黨˸ޱһöδ򷢴ζĲЩӸ˯ˡ
ٴͣޱѾͷ棬˵ƴʦһˡ
ʲôԥһûѡˣ
һӣֻˡ
ʦùúϢ˵˵տʼȥһʱĿɮ˵󡣹Ҳʱȥ
ʦ˵һ˵Ŀģһ˵ĳȷʵǷףֱԣñԵлǸǹ⣬ͣһͬʣްݸ֮˵ǵù˵ײˣöƽһọ̈һö˵ջؼ·ѣ˵ȷʵҪΡԴʦ˵Ϊڷǰһյƽƣÿոףֽѣùпȥ·ǰԿĸͷ
šֱٰñͷ
̬ʵ⣿ŪԼƵġһ뵽Ϻ峺ۣʶҪرܡʲôư飬Ҫ
ƣ
ǡ
ʮӣȥ£ҵǮߴʦƽƱԼġԺͲˡ
ǡ
ȵȣȥ׷ƴʦѻ˵ҲŻˡֻ˶ʤ죡
ǡ
ˣⲻΥɿԼᱻ͵ߣһ˭Ҳţ
˻
ôˣߵſֻͷ
ۣ



51 ԤԽӦ
ٰװϴԷѾͷæɡ
̹Ψһѹıˡ
Ūٳ棬ǰпƵ˻ͦġ
Ϊ˿̣ĸȺֹʳֽƽһ޸˿ڵҩ
ӿ˾ӣǰٴγһ۵ЩƺѾϤܡ
ƺҲƲ˴˿̵Ŀαװ
˺̽һû´μ棬ȴֽ֪Ǻʱ
Ҫ˼ĸһʱȴˡ
ٻݷ̽ʮС
ٰϷԡ˹ȥ˵ȥ򷢡
ޱԸȥˡ
ҿûţ޿⣬۶۸һ㣬˲Χָָۣ㣬ǶָĵرʾԼη˶޹ģˡ˵ʲôձݣģ˹ȥûѣһҽȥƲˡ˵һӲſ뿪˵ԺÿնġһҪ
ٻҲǲףǱŵΡʱ򣬷˭ˣҲ֪϶ҵһѵϳţΪ˱̬ٻӦǱϱ͵ġȻܱҲ档
ٻӦúٿްɣԼͲμգǿּܼգ
ٰ붼ЦٻǶҪԼˣȴίȫŽ񡣿ɿˣ
㣬˵η˲ˣ㿴Ǽ١
ٰɡӦǼٵĳɷָЩٰ⼸յ¸̫ˣʱջԣúôŲ¶档ˣЩأ
˻ȥˣ
˵ʮУôˣ
ʾǵڣޱԾ˼ȻҪúñ֣ΪǮ
ٰһ̾Ϣ˻ȥԸۡ˰ˣ͵Ƿųߵɡ
ٰиޱߣܿʹ˾˽׼һȥõģүһȥҼµͬźȲȥˡ
û˾˵ݵ౾Ȿ⻹ٰһϲЦտ
٣иıˡ
Ǿͺá
ɡ
ޱҡϱһѸɴųԡ
ձΪؼҪܺһٷģ˺ȫû͵ܳȥ¡û뵽
С㣬Ϸ롣ޱδ˵꣬Ǳ̫̫ĴѾͷһˡ
ޱɥȥˡ
ôޱڱݺѵһٺ󣬱ˡ
ȴ˶ѡ
ԭҲţⲻͷޱֲ֧
ٰЦЦ
˵ߵ״ԤлҪá֮£ԸҵĺôӦѾˡֻ̫̫ôѵ⣬δٽһͷ
ٸˣСȥػһ˵Сɣһšٰʾ⣬ÿضŹٱҡУԽμҺϵָҲԽͣ
쵽磬ݲˡ
ʵ˺üˣɵٰ˵ϻ
մӹ
Ů۵ˡˣԺٲǡٰԹϴһءѡ𡭡
ģݲۻѵûԼΪϸϸСӱʵ˸Ѫͷ
·ʱݲΪ̫ʱ΢عֳ㲻ֻһˡ
ٰ֪̫ˣһٷʡ
ݲ豾˵ٰȣ˾䣺С˵Һ֮³ǻ̫򵥣Ҷ˵࿴ѧͳΪֵҪɳеıӻɲС֣ںֶ֪֮
һĥӲݣݲ赽ûмסϸϸ˵
糯㱻ó˵ˡҪһս⾭һ£ӦƵĳǷԵúмءһ㱻ְܣͽײһ·£Ӱ̫ˡ
ٰ΢΢һ㶡
⵹û뵽ģôһ£ϳã
Ӱô𣿡
ǣ̳ǰǰĲ߰˸ȷʵ˵Ĳǽɲ̤ɴλϷ˵ļ·дڳμʱ֮ǡʷ˵£նƿָժһһ飬˵㻰ڣ䶼ԡ
ʷãձͲŪʲô⾭̳һеضνУðݹƷ⾭˳͢ٹʵǺ洦
㱻±ˡǰŸ꣬žѣòٰոﲢ²⣬Ա͢һǧɣΰҲ˵ٴγսĲǡ
ٰǰֳӴǴЦģĿ⡱˵׬áҪӦˡ
Ȼأ
ʷǴܵĳξðӳ͢Ӵֵ˭˵ԣǵˣһڱҡ˵֮Ĵޱֱ˵Ҳƴʦֱָ˵ġ
ʺ̫ӣٰãҪЦˡ



52 ϱߵİʾ
ȷʵǻʺ̫ӣ
֪ĵǲ٣ݲ࿴Ůһۡ
ǣߴţ֣Ļǰ׾ٽطѡ̳ôˮأôٹ˺ͻ׹ݲ룿
ٰȫˡ
̫䶨ˣҲˣλһղս㲻ͣ
̫¾㱸ҲҪĻۡ
ʺԭ̴úܺã£ܳɾԼװ̫ӴøСڶŷ𣬴ӷҲ
ֻôҲ벻·Լɱĺȡ
ԲΣλʺǰ˻¡ʵЭ̫ӱϵˡ̫ϴʾɵʧһеһҲ԰ˡ̫Ĳ͸οѾڰˣڷ治˳Կġ
㱻λ󳼵ޣޱ͸ȫմˡޱյڱʾԼҹƷԵҾ˾˹ƷƷ
˾ںԺʮ꣬һֱڰ͸󣬺ԺǼͷȻ˳˾Ϊֱڿ棬̤ʵء
λȴֱЦ˵Ȼڿֱʮ꣬ôһƷޣΣ
ݲЦЦ˾ιƷͱϣлܽˡ
棿
棡
ݲ;˳죬һֱɺԺÿ˵Ͽѹ˾˸ϵһԸύ˽౾ԭûô쵽֮»Թˣ˵౾˳
౾ֳֻ֪ĲɷǳӦдò鷿ٵ֮¡
Ȼأٰĥ˾˹˲ãֻٲμҵֽšμ˵ͷڸĹ֮ףǺֲڸԺԺ㲻˵ԺĳӣǶһ١ҪѹĸҲһļ¡
˾˱꣬һǲòӦҲмɵ崦Եʡ
Ȼ˵˵Ʒҵ״ݾӸҵĴȵȡ
˵ʲôٰƺЩˡ
˵֤һƣ˽⣬ôÿ
ٰЦ΢ܡؼ̬ʶɣ
˾ĲɺòãʵڻʵǶص㡣ܸɵ˶ˣ˭ãؼҪҪãҪῴɫҪڲҪ˼ϱߺͳ͢桭
ǣ
ðɣȫˡʵڸʾ
֪ˡٰȴǻһת̫ӾͰ𣿻ʺأû
ݲһ㶣û뵽ɵŮ
ٰһ۱ʾһ˵ȥݲ軹˳
̳˵һʼ̫ӵ⣬̫ӿǲܣ½ųʵʣλϳ϶ۣдĥ¡
鷿ʱʺߣѵûʺԺЩ֮£Ӷƽ𣬻ԼԣбҡУҲбԼɨβ
Ĳ࣬˵ʺߴһ̶ӣʱҲڵòСŶʺĲ飬˵Ҫҽ㿴ˡ
ٰ˵ȥǶڴЦֲ֧
̫Ӻͻʺȫ˸ͷ
֮ϲ֮
ֻϧץ޶ҲֻĴȣϾԼֻǸµСŮԼΪȻڵĸϡ
ңʺԹŭٻɷıԯءҪһǻܲܽ׼ҡ
ٰԽԽ֡
ˣԼĿʹﵽҲ֮ƣٻңңڣҲû䣬ϼģʺ˳𡭡
̫ӣǣûб˺˳档ֶ֮ʱɲʲô¡˵žСβأδزΪĵ
⣬ϺٻÿԼɫֻҪԼһղͷһղΪ˵һղΪǳ壬Ǳѽ⡣
μҵѹܴأ
Ǹî˾ʾ˰ɣ
ôĻǡ
ٰٴˣȻɵȫΪԼôԼ׬һʣأһҲкô
ȻԼǰ뷨Ƿǳˡ
ȷʵ۹ԶģֹһμһٻԶЩڻʺ̫ǶǰͶ˱ĻӣΪĻ£
뵽ٰȴǲòʼΪԼһıˡ
Լ󹦸ɣأ

һȥ
һ磬ٻˣٰû
˵ϲúأμҰŴӹҽΪϳҩԾʳ־ʾһԵģѭ浸أڿǱ
ٻӸ뿪ȥ˰¡
պʮ壬ࡣ
ٻڷǰ޵öݣ㱳ȥԴﶼϽҳȺõףĸ׺μһ
ٻڷǰҵڿָĵأԸΪϿңʱ͵ǾûҲһ
⣬μҲûš


53 ʶջӸ
Ϊϴɣμ¶ˡ
Ǳ֤ʵսϼֻȥλС㣬ǵӺͳ򲻹ڳⳡǾһ˿֤Ҳ֤ʵ
ٰײʦͻǲǰ߻ְܣμҾǸûɡμҷ壬˭ٸҥ£ǣض׷鵽ס
μҵϷ빬ˣ̫󣬻ʵۺͻʺǶֱһ⣬Ȼǿί
ٸѹûнչ
˵Ŀ֤˲٣˿ĶֻһģɵͱӰѹ˵Ȼ׷һֱţ˵߶û׼ȷж
ץˣ¾ô˽֡
ݲ֧֧ٴٰ˵ʱٰˡ
û֤ݣΪƽϢۣӰ죬ֻίⲻݲ˼⡣
ûõΪѣȻˬӦˡ
ջ¾棬Ѿˡ
Σû֤ݣƵμҹǽȫûкôøҺڱõµĿ๦õȫ
μλĸϱϾԻʵжôտƾ֮£Ҫʵӡٰһˡ
ǰᵽ϶ԸҾ˾˵ѯʺʵٰѾˡʵμǷ£ίֻ̡ڲӦǻ赽˾ϡ
ίǰɣܣ˻ʵһ飬ܱȵ˻ȨҪǿ
ǸĪе¼ĳɱҲֻǼƤˣԽܡ
ĹɣݲԼҿǷ
˲鲻ҽҲ˿Ů˴ȴɸ˽Զԡ
ֻҪʱʱչ˺ͱˡ
µٰ¶ЦĻèݲѹĺöǲҪǮһٰ߰
⣬Ҷ˺ü˵õĻٰҲԶһղ˸š
ڵͷĵڶһ磬ٰ㡰ˣ޴ˡ
ٻ񣬲ƣǳֻ̰ǮթûԷѵˡԼϵǳԲʲô֮˵
֤Ҳͬʱȥ˹ٸ
ٸҵĿ֤ˣ֤ȷʵٰԼѡϵʱδκǿΪ
ˣ֮˵һ±סš
˺͹ٸ٣жţҲһ䡣
ʱ󣬻ʺ˲ƷƷңʾٰŮĸοͱǸ⣬μºɹ硭
ٰ͵ЦʺǴء磬Ů߹ʢˡ
ǰԼûʸμӡɣ˵˻һɡϣ޷Ǿͨ֡ɡƹǣԷ࿴
ٰҲǸ׳ϰˡ
ǰһǻʺΪ̫࿴;̫ѡӡлȥˣǸʲô
μҲ̬˲ٲƷٰͬ£̬ʱҹ¡ʶ࣬Ҳμ΢˿
ͼӰĵط٣һ󣬸Ҿ˾˸ĻԺĵϵˣյְĺ
ȻĺƷ̶ѧʿְܣԴ˿̾˾˵ְδ´ʽιģаʾǲԶ
ͳһĸı䣬ٰ൱ˡ
ٰҲһŵӸѸˡ
ƵһͰŵԼ͸ޱ档ڻʺûʵٰ󣬾Ůٰ˺ġǸĿľۻϯ롣
ޱǶҲǣ˶֥֮Ůȴڻʺصĸɮǰֱͦȥ˳۵ĹǸʲôģ
Ҳøޱ⼸նһָ߶ȵ˷֮С
ôȥȥһգѡļңһ̽ӣǰޱǸòġ̫ˡ
ȥٰǾܾġ
ֻ

ˣɶǵȴˣһɫ
ǰɽ֣ȴƿ۵Ķ
ôô
ûҪԸȥͷ㡣
Ȼգϱˡ

ϱߵʾ⡣
μҵϷڹ˹̫ͻʵȺݲ˵ʾʾϲ׵ϲÿԽţǷǣҥԡ
ͬʱûֱܺ׶Ҳʼ¶´ò˵¶ҪݲÿӪУк͸ƣ۲ټ飬ȷʵв
չлظȥϵ̸̸ίӿߵͬʱ³һѪһʱ䣬ݲҲм޴롣֮ݼҾò¶ִ̫̫æȥһ˵Ȱ
෬ԭ£ݲһݻ󣬻ǽϽ㡭
ЩҲٰʶһҪԼýĿԶٷԶٻϺμһ


54 ռҼ
ϽΪ㿪ʼıݡ
һǧ£Ӱ˽ǰһʱ䣬ԵĻȺˡ
ű׼󳵵Ķڽǰ˳һҪǰҽԼⲢĸŮӻظĴϷ
ٻǰʾҪĸǰ
Ůɵ˵Է֮ԶһֱŲϼǲֻһǰԷڱԼĸţ󡭡ﻰֱָڽȡλĸϲڿǰ˼ⲻ٣ɷڿС
һµıݺ󲻹ƿٻҪϳɸһϣ
öƷˤһĻε𺳡
ΧԽԽࡣ
԰ֽ棬ȫ亹գĿȾ˴ͬ顣
˿ʼȰϻǼҪȥҡ
գ˫һ˹ȥ
󽫾˺ü򡭡
˿ʼɢϳŵĸ߹ʮһյִȱʹȣԸĸŮģھм
֮ˣҰ֮أвɵŮȥػ۵ıȥڣ
˿ʼʾĿĶϽߣΪ˽ɸֹٻһǸߡ
ò˵μҺŬҲܴȻô˿ڶԽзۣʼ˶ٻȳ
һʱ䣬֮£ԽԽ˹ע𡣵յ콵Ƴƴʦĳҹо໤ٴα
ڿƶ£ٻķͷһ¾͸ǹٰ֮£ɹ۵ķ˼⡣
µƴʦҲʼ׷ʵ֡£ʦûӦȴҲϣԽ̬ȺҲԽǽ˺档
Ĵϵۿʼܺõתơ
˹עص㶼ٻϡμϷ빬ʱҲ̫ٻ
ٰ˵ĴȵĲպЩ
ԣѾͷ·ҴѶʺٻ϶μշļٰҳǰշžµ̽ӡ
ȥ
ֶŮļǣʺΪշĹĸȥһѵġٻȥҲȥٰЩסˡ
ǰʺΪٰĽ֣μҶμҼʺ󶼱ˡμҲѲֻ뷨ڻʵۺ̫ǰʹ
˿ٰ̡֪ʺ᲻Ϊ˵Ķ㲻һ࿴Ҳ֪ĴȻ᲻뷨ʺɺͽ⣬᲻ڻʺǰʲô
ȥɣٰƵ˳ԼͷͰͿŵĸޱǰ
²ȥֵңֻġ
ٰһۣȥ
ΪΣ
η˻ҳ⻹ڻʺǰһһأʹӡȥȥˡ
ôȥ
ͷڳ¶ܽȥ𣿺οгڣ᲻ҽ
ʺҲڣٵ²׵
Ҳ¶˵ʧҲηȵ𣡡
ٰΪȻ㣬ңԺҪѧҺ֣Ҫѭ浸صģЩҵĹ򽻵ֲ֣ͿڱˣԸҶԾ˾˶ԽܹǺõġȥˣҲߴգӰ㡭ٰ˵űٴҡȥۣţš
ޱſڣĪΪٰЩٰô죿ʲôõķߣֻţҲԽԽ࣬ô죿ޱ
ڶգٰűǰտŸСɳռҡ
ȥͽѵ룬ǵʽҲѽٱͽѵ԰Ȳ˵ſ硣
ǻ׹ݣǰ壬ռң԰رȽ
˿̵ٰҲǾķһֱ˲˵Ĺע
ֻҪһ֮ˣԻͶڶۣۡ
ٵΪġ
˵ٻǿϿխײ࣬ԯ޵Ĺͷٻո֧黨ޱ׹ɫġ
װʵںЦټ˫ĴĶѿɣȫĴڡ
һЦȴģǰֻΪ
ٰһ񣬳ȴߣ߰ɣҪ˶ߡҸʺһڹǰ߻˵ҷ˺ͳ㣬нյ˼ҶǶ
ٰл˸ޱ
ƸָˣԶֻޱ뼸λǧں߹۾ͤ˵λٰʶģʢĹ֮󡭡




55 ĵ
ֶٰˣһ
Щ֪ͱˡϬϴ̳ٻڲ㣬ɲʲôա԰ٰȴԸΪ˵ĵҪٰǸ̹Сˣٵαӡ
˿һϲڳ֪ձͺ󣬲һˡԣҪлл㡣Ҫл֮ˣһнڲСֻҪϽæٰԸ⾡
һЦװɵͺá
ϲˬˡˬ죬ͶƢֻٰҪǴͷҲܾչ㣬ǸáǶкô㶮˼ɣ
ҶԳûж⣬ҲӲԼġٰϿȥ
ƺ⡣
ΪģҪЩڸеģٻΪҪİ
ܺá
աʲôţЩڴ
аţӦԼٰЦ𣺡Ӧ䣬Ű¡
ϸٰ
ϸǾµġԵЩˣܺúÒǷûûεģӦûǺǻġ
ٰͷǵ裬Щ˿ڲ̰ɣƤԽԽ޺ء
ȫ⡣滰ٰۣΪѿкôֻҪ߳˾Ʊ٣ֵ¡Ӵ˺ۡٻŪȥ̫߾Ͳˡ
ԣɡ
Ҳ֪Ƭһˡ
͵ۣǶרаġ
ۡ⻰ҵڴˡ
ЦЦȴٰˡǲ֪η˿̿ȥʺôô˵Ц̳ʱҲǣೡϣǻϣҲûš
Լµ˽գÿÿ˻ʺмֵսľء
˲֪Ƕʮͤλ
ʺȷ̫ԶԶ࿴Ů֮⣬Ϊ˲̫⣬ʵ˶䣬óɻʹϲ̫ӵͬһһˡ
˵ſӦˣͤ
񫷢˱īɿû̫Ӹǰĳλͷ㣬ŷǵӣ̫ڰŪʯϵӣֻЦ𡭡
ĭɣһƼԶԶ۵˳ƣ̫żȴͻȻ֣ŮӣȴǸӡ̵ĳ˹֣
һ𣺡֣ǳѾͷĸ󱻸ʷȫ˹Ȼҳ֣͸ȥ
̧ͣͷۣ̫ۣ뵽ĲмһˣͷˬҲˡ
ؾôסٰȥ·
ٰһᡣƨһα͸ݸ߲ȵͣ˼ģĪ
ƸϽʶӺ߷Ѱ̫Ӱ
ҲһĹעٰǱٰѱظסˡ
󵨣ܣ·ϣõˡ
һϽٰ
ӵ¡ưʾٰдĸͷϢŭ֪λǡ
볣С޹ءشһֱӴϣݺݵ۹ȥŮªΪ񣬳С֮ͬУֱۡһ鲻ãС㽻ѿɵýˡ
˾ĳһֻͣܽͷ˵ٰͣ˸ɫ΢΢һ
ٰӲͷƤأǱȴЦˡˣ״³ªŮӡ
вɣҲ磡ٰԼʲôû˵ûûͳһˣҪΣ
ŮҰ۲ʶ̩ɽݣײӣһȡ
ٰʱͼˣƨͽ̫Ӿڸ淳ôҲûϵȸϵģôСˡ飬ȴʱ䡣
óѣһˡ
ӿݴȣ̧֣һ棬ĹŮ
ڽӾ㣬ҾСǼȣ
ٰۣ֪ʣҪȻأ
Ůҡ
ǡ죬״ª۵Укʸڻʺĸңˣʮӣӳ⡭ŮͬūţҪʰſڵ£
ٰҲǷ꣬˸ƣȴĶצָʹļһȴ˳۶ҿֻܰûϢ
ӵ»֪ǻʺĸ𣿡
صٰһ˳ȥ
ǰŮ˻ʺʹͣͷлӶŮٰӣΪιʣǶԻʺﲻǶʹ²Ϊһ
ŮǽӦţ˿Ҫ뿪ҲռӷӴʺռӷŮδⲻסΪ
쵹ǲѣԻʺͷڻʺҶŮ㷢䣬۵ĿɲŮ֪ģΪǻʺ̫ӵ¶ŮвԽ֡
ٰ̧ͷأȷҪô



56 ٰĽѵ
ٰη塣
ҪеϳٰҲǺܸ˵ģ
ӦǰͲã
ǵٶ˵һ䣬֤ͷʧȥ
ˣһռžȥ״ִ£糯̫ӺͻʺؽصޣʺƨûҪù
νţ룬ôˡ
ʺ󻹵ü貹̫ӲҪٻûϷμҽæֻҪеɽ˭Ҳκβ
׺ˣԻһĨЦƣǲԶ
ôҲΪ˸̫ӿԼ
ƾһߣѾͷˣսԼǿǰǵ͹
Ҳɵˣָٰ㣬㣬㣬㡭˸ü£ûҼʩ
û뵽û뵽û뵽һªУȻҶײԼӡؼûӣȻ䲻һ˹֣
ң˵ģҵģô̫Ӻͻʺ󣡶ôôñӣ
˺ݻԼûӣǵųƵ棬Ҫȥ
˲Ǻвӣ
Ůҡ
ˡ
ˣܺȶˣСŮӼƽʲô̫ҲﲻסˣϽϡ˿̵ǹؼʱ̣Ϊץѱ̫ˡ
ڣҲûˡ
ݶǰɣ̫ӻ
ϤԽԽٰͻսģǿҡ
һں󣬲̧ۿȥ
ɡᡣݶﾩǣĸջʢˬֱټȻ鴫
̫Ц崺磬ȴﾹȻֱôԼκξȣҲɬûбԴͷѹʵ֡
෴񿴵ֱë
Ǽ˼
һˬֱ䲻ȴûж⣬ǧϡȻҪݼĸ󣬱Ͻȥɡĸ󡭡
Ȼ껸ˬˣܿصشû˵أôôŮѾ̬ˣࣿȲҪ뿪
̳һŮϸֲܵмһˡ˴ܸСƾȺݣĸŮӲ࿴һ۵ģ
һߣʵٰ̧ۿϤЦպαװʲôûƵٴðͷҲ
Цÿů㹻˳磬ǰЦա
µƺͻ£һ޵Цů糣գȴֻԼǰĿЦ
٣
ֱļ٣
ºůȴ˺αأô棬Ϊ˴ֲԸòŰڳЦɣһ˲ĵءʵģ
ԣתٶȣ뿪ٶȶȳҪ졭
֣ԲסźǸǺα˲ŮӼ
ˣٰĲм̼껣һŮαԱݡЩ
Ѿͷ
ϲ뷨븮ǡ
Ӣصһ¸߰˷ŮˣճǼһøж£ʱ򣬻Ҫôʰ
Ψһû뵽ģȴٰһͷὫݺݵ
ٰؿڶˡ
ΪǵȷǰȻһϡ
ɺ޵ǣǴ˿̣̬ȷ껵Ҳѱ¶ĺ޺޻֪ǳٴιչ¶˺Цա
һ˲ٰԼǴˣ
뷨ˡ
ŲɢٻԵģ
ô٣ٻǾ䣡
Լ͸һ̬ļһǰԵ
ߣҪģٻɻʺ󣬶βܻ̫ӣ
ƾôǸˣ

УǸոյĶⲻɣǲɣһδƽһ
ٰˣԽԽ죬θϡ
㵨̫ˡ̫ӻӣ㻹ǾҪǡӡ
ô̫ӣ
ʲôû뵽Լһ䡣
˵Ϊ˻ִǼԵʣ
Ҫ𣿡
ϣֻǿˡ
ΪΣ
˺
Ҳס
ΪֵãٰѹֻҪִΪ˼ò㶼бѡ񡣡
ٰ㶣ôǶǵģû˵㡣
û˵ڶ飡ٰϣֻǵϲΪⱲӵԼһþȫ̫ӵļסôʱʵȻܺùǰǰ̣Ҫǿ
ٰٰҵȵȣŷӦʲôʱʼٰߵǰȥˣѵˣˣһ᲻ŵӵĳѾͷѵԼʱȫûΥ͸УƱг˵ʱŵĸоô£


57 ʺĲ
СʺһٰˣǵͷýǵѾͷˣá
ֻʱеûԼ
ôţʺҲɨĴȣĸһضû½̰
ϺٻͷƤͬʱҲһӣһ
ǷȷϹٰģһǵ˾ڸҶˡ
ޱѾͷҲڿ˵ٰղΪͺüţôͻȻˣôң
˲ɰޡ
һ޻ʺŸٻ仰û˵ϣɨǱˡٰһ»ƫٰܣֻҪϺȡ

ٰߣؾظųƽݡһֳƣ˺λţҲжϳȻʺһ࿴ٻ֮ơڳμҺüλĴȵĸλ¸صĸϷҲء
ôԼǲܡ
һ۱ӵĹҵ˸աĴȣٻһº͹ػϰһ׼Ц
þòһ
ٰǰʮ֮ĴȺʹ˿ǰĲ첢һŻ罿ʱź񣬶ȷʵǰӮң
òĲͬǰһ󼸴λٵѪȾЩģʹԭ㲻ȥ˼֣ۿҲЩ΢İݡȴҲ˶ѡ
ԼбףٰŬӿĺѹѹҲײȥ
ηη¡
飡飡飡

߸ϵĻʺͷ
ڳ˶ʱһ쿴ؿ羰ӻ죬ܱЦΪٰģҲġʵϣ
ôôЦ
ֻٻμҼλϼͬʱǰҲֻǴԣºˣ˶Ŀ⺢ûнˡ
ʺϸٰü飬׻Цˣ⺢ӣôʵϡɣͷϻأɱˡ
ЦŴȤʺ˵ǣݶСҼʵϺϵĹˡ˵ĨǶᣬٰۡ¡
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ɡ
ĴסЦҪٰлǸ
ٰȴѸٺˣܿĴȵ֣㵽˳󣬲С˸
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СǺĸö˵µ˼£ҲܵһӦȥ󣬱֮ڡɣ
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ʺ˻֣ް
ٰ˾룬ԭظʺͷշߵǸһ
˵ġΪֱĸ졣ͷ۷ˡԣηɴݶˣҹҲûаſѣ˵Ķʵáܲ׵ģưŽһѣĴĸٴһѡ
ٰ˸лԼֲɵȻðųײʺķգȻҲҺóٵɡΪ˸ʺҹˣʺûȥ
ԭԵʡշ䱾ѽӹеȥѾͷµźֽûأڴ
޻ϸһ
ɫһɫһӭɫһʢŵ˯
·ǳϸϸ֮滨ζԼ档
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·ٰ˵ûкöֻͣο⵽˼ɣ̫⣬ա
ûкòϣҲûʲôõóֵĺöɽ㼰ǣôҲܿ֡˼ȥԼ޻ף绨ò
лãϲգǴ۽ˡշϲԢõģݸ߹ӭףǰƽ˯Ʒи߽࣬ܲϲ
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ʺŮǰһò˵޻ȷʵ»棬ԸϹֵ֯ˡ
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ʺȻòҹ㲻ѧѧģôһջʲôܳܰż޸˼ңΪǮԷΪ𻨣Ҫ޻ӣĵۣ㹻Ƿˡ



58 潻
ʺĲȴٰޱ⡣
޻ȷʵɵġ
Ҳʱ䲻£ŪϣǿԼףȴ㹻֦
ǰٰһ궼ڹʱ䣬޻ŪٵΪļˡһΪʱ䣬ȴΪٻ
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ǰٻǴ̫ʺ̫һ·ģԸͷϵգȻ㹻ڳ˾̾ˡ
һֱǶٴη۶ı£ǡôֱصЦʣôη˺ݴСҲһľģǸòûСհɣ
ЦһĴȶͷƤ顣
ǻǣԡ
˵ûĮģ
֮֮ˣйŮŮ֮ӡ
⣬湻ģ
ԥҪÿڣǱԼҽΨһֶŮξȴΧˣļ޻Ǳź̩ǳˣǸҸ׼ģŻʺ棬ѿɲá
˭ţţ⼸仨ͺɫԶԶ·߽ģǾƷ̳۵ˮ׼ˣٰǱ£ʦкˣҪôܣó԰ˣ
ξٰͳһͲˬԼҹĸͱ㲻㿪ڣǱҴˡ
ĴʵҲôģȻֶŮͷ㾲ˡξٰһ֣ҲʡԼȥ͵˼ۡ
ξб֤ʵٰ˸ѣͻǴ¡ʱÿԽⷢӣǰֶȥϺ͸ϣԼͻˡ
׵ϸֶŮͶȥһ
ģԼġٰ֣ʮָ⣬ȫƤСۺͻˡⶼͭ˿ͷµˡ
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ƼҲ϶ٰỹǼΪðʺҲ໤
˭˵ʦͨˣ鱾ʦﲩѧţֶ࣬Сʱ޻ĲͼȤ˼޻飬ѧ˼ꡭԷΣ˭ܵţ˭֤
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ٰҲ֮ϻ˵棬ۼΪʵɣ
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˼ַ±ȡ˻䣬֦ϵ޲㹴ָһһϸϸͭ˿¶˳
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˿һµģſ
ǼϢȥ÷˫ʮ÷
ƬСһ£̬ҲƯؼַҲײɵá
ׯ˲֪һ޻ǶҹĲҳ㲻֪Ϊų㣬޻ͷϲУûСôĽ鱦ƼͷɫҲĽҪЩȲıǮװкβף𰸣С⣿
ִٰƿ֦÷ӵξǰ
ҼղҲš仨ơ
ξҲǴ󾪣ˣܸ䣺òֻš÷ɣ֮⣬ѧ˸Ƥëҡײƭ
ǰӵӣСյĹܱѧزԸԣԴСɣ뿴ʾҲԣҵ˿ջ߻ǮҸͱ˷ѻʺʱˡ
ٰʵʵָʺ˸
ʺɵЦźȲ裬ûֹڵ˼ûСڿμݼңٰ˼ԽʯܿǼҵĵϸ
˽Ź֣ﶼеȿϷ˷ܡ
Ĵȵ̫ѨһƵĶסٰ̫Źˡ棿лһӽһӡ˵ڸˣׯ˶ܲķԼﻰⶼڸҪӣպܽҪǮģڰʾһֱ
ׯôˣûһ֪Ȿ°
Ļδ̫¡˵ȥôܣ
һּǷ˼
ѣɵǻʺǰ
ĪǱħָˣ
Ĵȴٰû뵽ٰͻس


59 ˵ǣӸģ
ĴٰѰ˼ٰ֡һͷȴͻһһŲ˳ƽϡ
ƳʹгĿٴ۵һһէٰϡ
ˡҡ˵ʲôˣٰȴв֪ײˣҧŴηſ־壬Ĵȡ
˷׷¶ŹֿĴȣʺҲü
˵Ĳ²ǸոĴȶٰʲô˵ʾ⾯в
ҡʲôˣ㻹ҧˣ࿴۰ˡ
ĴٴᵽŮѲ
ʱ򣬽ġ
ԴһдЦ⺢ӣôͱ˵ģƯת˻⡣ֽأξ㣬һһС㡯νɲԣ㻹Ҫӣ˵ǲǴˣ
ĴҲ˳ôٰԼĵĸԼĳνҲǴġֻҪԼ׷Ǵ»ʺҲֻվߡ
ٰˣɫһ࣬ȴһ֡ѾԼƿˣλᱻߣֻĴȻתƻҲᣡ
ˡҡСǱ㣬αԩҸˮȣάұҰ˵Сָҽѵң֪СһգɡҲǽĸ޴ӷ˼ǲ˰ѷҷ֮ǰˣ˵ΪϲҲš
ٰͰᡣ
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ϵĻȷûëץ©ŴôһҪ˵޵£Ĵ׵塣
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ʺǰĴʶٻΪβƻʧܣֱȥȻСѲó
֣ǲ٣
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շһڣĴֻýձõһӻҭ˺䡣
ۡ
շϽ׼õĻɰһٰ
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ûţ
Ϊͱ㶼ԱԼŶٰܵʲôʱͳһôˣԼǰ˻ԹٰȻڸ¶ԼԹԣٱƼţҪɴ
ٻʹٰɫʾԼٰһ˫ȴѹɨųȥ˶档ٻ̲סĴȶߵ䡭
û죬һٶǡһֱڰ۲Ļʺ
ƺշڴȤٰһֺ޻ôҲ֪Լϼţ
͵޻ȴͷϣսͷ
𣡡շЦҲúúô磬
Ҵ硭ôˣٰɵٻ𣿡
ٻͷһ⣬ͻҪ㡣ŷٰ֣ķͺͷΣƺԼ
Ȼ
ⲻʱ˵ͷѾͷ˰ʱأٰЦ
ۣ˭ģں㣬ڶɣ
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˲ᣬҲŶ˹ȥ
ǱμҼλ죬ʺֵμϷ˸Цתƻʺעȴû뵽ٰͷ黨д᣺ҵͷͲãǽǾ黨Σģٻ
кܶʱʤġ
ʣԼԲЧԶȿǿˣ׵ףȫȫһܵĸͳѹŮˡ
˶ɼ֮ơ
Խ̡
ɡʱǱ֪桭ٴοϷһۣڣµġ
Ǹ߹μµġϷ˵üĶ˵ԼǺǣٻ̫̫˼һתˣȴûֻܱ̬δţűв衣
һߵٻٰ˵˵вӶ˺ü
ǻŻţһ첻òѵģҲС
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Ϣ󣬻һֱûڵĻʺȴΣЦĴȣˣ͸úúýšѧʶװ磬棬źģȱһɡǴģҲܲý˿ЦӰ
ĴȺݺҧŽȥһӣûн
ʺ˵ǡ



60 ǷծҪӸ壩
ϵ
Ĵһڣͷȴһת
ʺ﷢˻ٰĽ˴⣬ɲǸԽŪظȥ
ĴѸҵ˽ࡣ
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ʺ￪˿ڣҲˡݲףڸҵòӦĽǽˣһֱչҲ£ܶ㣬ǶԽãĸһ䣬ظסɡ
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ٻҲһ㶡˵⻰˵ǡﲡãܻؼˡٰˡܡ͡ܡ°
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ʺŮ֪Ϲأ䡣Щ꣬һֱдҽΣһαǶꡣŮΪĲȻңĴֻˮˮԵʣĲһɫ´߶£㽫ȫȬ
ٴ
ٰòҽһˡڻʺǰ߶ϻʱһѹԼ㲻òȥˡ˿ô߶߶˵һһ룬˭
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ٰ˵ĺȷˡڸҲͳֻΪβλ˽βҲԣֻܺڸҡ
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֪Խǿ󣬲ԽܰʾĿ¡
ͲŻʺ󻹻ᵱڽơ»ʺֻǱŶһ²һµԭ򣬱ŲΪΪ̳֮¶ⱨԵʣŶ·ϲ׵״ٰҶһѡ
֪ʺһۏˮ
ƺշҲ
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ٻҪڽסٰȴͽĳֽſ졣
ߣҴȥõԺߡٰߡ
ȥ˰ɡ
ͷϵҩôȥҪҵ𣿻װ磬ѿ
˵գһץٰͷǶ黨ȥһߡ
޽ǷǽС㣬˭ƭӣǹۿ˵ͣ
ƼٻһЦζˣǹбµģͷñ±粵
ϧٻǸث֣ٴһƨӣҲҳͳ黨˵Ĺ
ŤͷЦ
߰ɡ黨ˣһͷõġ
ٰȫûûųƣȴԱһλˣǸ黨治ֵǮ
ָݺݴ㲻ƭ㣡ӣׯЩ꣬ɵˣʲôô죡ƾǹһ˵ͷ
ٰһ̾ɲ
ڸյСطţɵҲɵٴҲᾫٻҲ档ϾֻɵƭͿư
ǰԼû㱻ھһ⣬û߳
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61 ŮĿӸ
ٰȵȣж㡣ٻ׿˿ڡ
ѾߵűٰԻͷһۣУʧһ١˭Ǳ͸ġ΢΢ϥǸˣתԥ뿪ˡ
ٴٻһΡ
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ٻƭңŪң˺ңһľôҵ㣬׼ֲأԼӳתͶأ
ٰЦ̲סˡ
ǮƷ棬ǿ϶ٲ˵ġ
˻ʺĬʲôʱؽɲĴ˵ˡ٣ҲõȵԷó㹻ԼĳɣǣǺǡ
ɵ׬ˣ
㣬ȵҡý㣬㡣
һһӰϳƵֱۣǣɳμºٻüͬ
ʺ任װ
ʺҡͷŮ˫ᰴ˻ʺ̫Ѩ
̣ôõңôǿȨƣôġ֮˵ʺġָģȻٻ
ﲻ𣿡
ⲻĴ̫ͣǸȥҰǲ϶ֽţԴŮаܰɱ֮ӣֶ̫̫ѿŮѧ
ٻŵӺݻȣɶԴȴһСż黨𣿺ѿܵһ㣬һĵֱĿ⣡
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ҪҵǻʺǿԸ껶ǶŮˣ԰껶ȶ󹬵Ůˡ껶Ҫ£٣ٻСǼǸ껶ֻҪϺȡһ뵽ûٻ
¡
ȥʾ˵ʺ˼Ϣ
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ٰδüһշԺӣһŮĹ뷿һʵ̾Ľ㱻һȺѾ߸ױ̨ǰ
࣬Ҳˡ
˵ǽС̫Ҳû澷ֹź
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ֻһСĹ򣬴ϴҩͷױһϵѾɣŮѡʺͺϵȹͷװѡ
治òڼ䣬շȷָʾû£ūԸԾй
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Ҫӣ
շЦҵеǡ׶ȫûϹġ
һӣٰףŮٰԹҲȫ㲻иѣġò˼˿ն޵޻ұǡ
ٰȻܾ
һֱûƳͷ
ƴˡսѴͬ飬ҲٻûŲǣΪӱ㡣ֻҪıõһ㹻Ĵ׬Ӳ𣿡
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ĨǲǣշЦ֧׼õġֵǮص
Ȼٰٰģ߳ԼԺӣԼٻк
ⲻȥٻǶԼˡ
շٴδ˱ٰϵİ˲ױӡ
вУŪⲻⲻ𡣡ٰп࣬ƴǣշӶֱΣ¾ûеڰĶòײųﵽ֮ĵطء
òԲҪЩ׸Ŵһץӡ
ɲ㣡շٵǿ죬ָᷭѡӵѾͷʾһ˷
ٸѡ䣬˿ڵ˰ɣʾŮ
ٰ޹ֻһ˸š
ٰһֱڿ
˵ٰԼŮǺϵһֱһȣҲǡҡơһֶûûΣλҲûƽϡ෴ô˰ദЩ
ôٻĴȣ㲻ڸҶһʱȴܶһηǶĵĸҪ㶯֣׾١Ҳܲظʱǻġ
벻״˳£ٰܾﻹﲻԡûþҪǣĻ»
ȻҪǺٻԸǶ֡ôһֻη˶ĸŮĳԽԽĴҲΣղ𣿡



62 ĿȸӸߣ
ٰˡ
ȷʵԼĵԴȻỳԼĶ˵ڵԼٻǱ쵽ߵļϸɣ
ʵˡ
ٰƵӡǺ˲١
Щֱӿʣڱ̽Լͳһ㣬Ӧ
ٰ֮ԲŭĴȺμң޷׼Ϊη˺ٻκβԼ뷽跨շԼʵٰŸҴ칬ԭȻһ˵
һû·ѲҲԣǾͻŹҺĲĴѲϵҸǽβ⡣ΨһԱʽǹԹģִֻǲҶҶ֡
ڶһһɽҵҵҡֻҪסҵĹģҪȥܸû⡣
Ҳϣ׽ǣҲΪǲǡԸģһңǿʱʱ֡˼ɲԸ֣ҲԹԡ
˴ˣٰװɵǱֺܳϿҡ
Ƴٰ֣ûжģ˽һӡģͳԵ֣ͳϵӣͳҼĬϣͳ㵱նͺ¿ǷϵĽѵҽ£ҶԹ۵ġ
ٰ
ƻ⣬ԣ̽ǹģ֮˵ԽԽ࣬ǰջټƣ˵Ǵ̽¡㡭ϣͦġ˿̵ȥˡ㲻ǣǺôм廤ţɵʱļ壬㵱Ρ
ٰһڡ
ǰɲǣٻΪ˳׳ΪԼ׽ļˣﶼˣ
ԼôҲصޡ
λ㣬ҪŬȥˣǳ˷ûҼλʲôˡ
ԣȴͬһ飬ͬһһͷ
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ͬˣȴͬγǱ
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Ǳ͵ġշպ˺졣
ٰһףշ˵ı磬̫ˡ
𣿡
šȻˣȻôˡձһˣ˵һֱ뿪Ҫҳųء
ݰ̲סһЦ
̫ӣӦǰԼĸоա
볣üĿ飬նշˮǰٻȫ֪ʵϣÿÿǴŵԼǶܵҲǴ绯͡

˿ϸ˭ֲ㣿
ϸůֻҪϵģҪģܾȥһ򾡡
ޣɲϸůһֻΪ˽̶Ĵעذۿȸ
ǣ
ЩȥλĹŮϣθڣݳҰģȫģ͵Ҳ㣬̫Ӳʼնûѻ¶°ɣʺ̫ӣǴһֺ̡
ϷȫϷӣΣȫƾݼ

ٰЦ̾˼λŮĹע
ٰʾ˽̫˭
֪
ԹߣѣҪй˼ɣ˵˵ƲġãٰԶǰΪҪˣٰ˵滰
ٰƲƲ죬ϻģȻһλ˭ܳɾ˭¡
ٰ̫ЩУʵ
ûзСֻǲøаˡٰЦ𡣡ǶϲҲϲˡˣʵûкøСֻܴѡһǴ󲿷նᱻģ˻ǰ̣ͳһ㣬ĸоҸǡ
һȺɵԼǰһ
⻰̫ʵ䶼Σ˭治ʵ
жʱ˸˸˼
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ٰԳһЦǻӦ
ٰǵãǣԣн𻨣աЦ绨
˴ٰһ·ӹȺ߹ȥ
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ٰףĹ󸾲١
һܣǲǿλŮϣԼݣֻǳٰķͷ˷ݼ
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ǲһӵĹٰ˲ٻСĽ
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Լ˶ӡ
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һˣ泩ɰķ񣬸̤ʵİ
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64 ɶܽӸˣ
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ΪΣСԸĴĸף̫̫ȻҲһ
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ãҿԹ򡣡ٰϥȷҪҹأѵԼ
ǣҪԣǾҪס˵ǽˣ¹ΣֻҪ棬½˵ָָ㣡
ٰܸɴ࣬ѾĹ˵أȫʵܡ𡱣űģ
Ϸ˺ĴһӣٰӦԡξûмʱֹǱٰѵ֪
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ǶòŴܣܸӦһƬ߶Ͷ㹻Ƿˡ
ɣΪռξλͬʱһۡ
ĴȸϽȥˣα㲻˼
ƳٻȻһЦԼȻˣܲȽŲһȡ
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ĴһƳ鷭ⳣơ
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65 Կ۽磨Ӹţ
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֪ŤĸıܽӶȥˣΪŮǰ̣ΪμңΪԸҲŬŬɣ
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ǰٰͱģȫתƵϡٰǶջģֻͬ͹ػ
аԵĸׯ֣ȴǰ֪ׯϹӵܿ죬˸ﲻǺӱߵ㣬ǰæժũŮ
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66 ۲ĲͷӸʮ
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67 ƶıԣε͵ļӸ
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68 
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˻ʺ޵ٰһ³ģǰٶԶԶ۵Ĺ˵
ܿǷٰ֣ӡ˵Ӷֱˬһ˵һһ㶼ҴţǺܺദ
һʱ䣬ٰͷ޶ٻҲ̾硣
ٻȥʱڵǷǣұŮΪȥǮ֣ٻĨ˺üᣬΣƺƺӶϴˡ
ٰյ˺üСۻǲԼһûӦҲûؾ
ò״ˣҪȥƸޱٻȴΪҪȥҳƼס
ξٻһʾҪٰռҡ
ٰϳ̫࣬ձֹһӲˮŵûҪʳ˽⣬Ĭˡ
㣬ʵѧ޻Ϊ㡣ٰ˵ĺ档
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ٻ޻ٻһǷΨĵ䣬ѧ޻ʱŴĵѧѧ޻ΨһСôãȴԻر
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Ұɣʮ㿪ʼ͵͵ѧ޻ˡӢõм顣Ϊ˸㾪ϲҶһ˵ʱϲŶġⷽƺͦԵġٰһ˵šɹԼΪ׽ŬϿ̿ĺá
ξһֱûܺϣٻЩж
Ҳڴһ
ԭˣ
ԭΪԼ
ԭΪ˸Լϲ
˵ͨˡ
ȻǸãԼСǼˡ
ٻξһۡ
ŪǷΨ²ң²ٰܹǵľξǶٰƫԼĸ׺ڵô˱ų衣ٰμҶĳɼԽԽ

ٻһ뵽ûиոһڽĳϣٰĵǵԼģϸոǸһΪĹ£ö
ɾ͵һѻ
һϻƶЧ¶ŮӢļѻ
֮ǧﰡ
ٻ̲סǺݺһξ
ξĻһٶرθߣǻʺǰĸӣȻǸոգٻʶģԼȴĲǣЩŭաǸձ̫̫ˣŲûȤ
ٻξϷʾ⣬ʲôӣһһҲҪٴӮٰΡͬʱҪٰעУע볣ҵ˱־롭
٣˲Ը̫עĿ˼ѾߣٰЩٰš
ٻһ·һ·˵˵һ
ǿμϷ˸Ӻ󣬶ټֵкεʣǿ˽꣬ʾ׼ӭٰĻع飬ǵԺӰţѾˡἰٰȣȻڹǸǰո¶ͷǣ㶨ҪϧάעֹͬʱҲҪҥԵȵȡ
ҰԺˡǴԴȣ󺰴Сٰĳܺ־£㶼Ҫ˼󣬷Ӱͻ¡
ٰЦ
Щٻǲĵʼô̫ӵ檶ˣ
ҵѾǶˣӰ֮˵ҡֲ޸š
ǽС㡭
㣬ģԺڹڳϻԶԶġٰ˦־ߣٻ۾ˡ
㲻˼㶼Ϊ㿼ǡ
ֻŮҰ֮سŮ
Ůݡһ˼ҵŮҪǿˡݣȥ檶Ǵ´ġ
ֻޡٰЦޣҾޣλȨأӣ
⻰ٻԿһ
ٰһעҪҼޣ̫ӣ檣ֻˣܳɾҵ



69 ٰĽѵѩ͵ļӸ
ֻٰٻЦ˺ݻ
檣һӲġҶ췢ģ檡ʳԣ졭
ٻŵûʧɫ˹סٰ죬ֻΨٰ˵ʲôģ
˵ˣҪ˵𿪿ڱտھͷġõġ
㣬ҡ
ǣԲ㣬ý㵣ġû˵ǽͬģҪıԵǰ̣һ𹲽ˡ
ô㣬һҪңʵԸıһ֮λ𣿡

ٰٻ׵Ӳסı׾࣬ǰáȤ
ĬĬǰߣһֱﵽξʵ̲סˡ
ĻޣļҸŻȢΪޣٻȰ㻹֪ôģҲÿմɣ
㣬ʲôģƾʲôٻδζ㣬ƾʲôݼμֿۣ֪Ϊںٻ
ððʧʧççײײ֪ûΪֹǻĵЦӣ˵檣ֻܺǸһڸɽҰɴָһûϢһӳͷ
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ˣҰѻˡңٰޣũޣҲΪ檡ˣ
ٰЦ˼
Ȼλ㲻ٰˡȻҺ˵ͼôΪ˲ӰҲҺؽˡ
ŶУξҿ㡣ȾãɵʣⱲǧޡҵҪ˭檣
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ͻȻξҲûסΪμһֱڵˮǴߣٻ̫֮λǰξմٻĹ⣬޵üáٻ󣬷ТãϲֱЦ
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ĴΪ˸ȻʱμҡٻξһξǸ嵽ǸѶݸšǰһĴȱ㣬ٻڼʱٰ֪ξһһܽ
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ٻѾסξٰһЦȰϽȥɣɱμ档
СƧɻ˲Ŀ⡣
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ע⵽˱߽ͷӶ߿첽šٻ˵ʲôξһķŭתơ
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ٻٰ֣ղ㣬ǱĴǸˡ˵ĲǡΪ㣬֪㳤ׯϣú㣬˵ˡһˣǲܰʲô˵ͺˡ
ξһʴԴٰԲסֻǼĸӣĽٻôõĽ㡣
ٰ°ЦЩѽֱˡʱʱ̿ŰŶǿ̫̫ٻĺá⡭ϰδС㶼¸߹ͷ­ˡ
ٰûǣûһۣƺѹû˵ֻŲӿ԰ૣ̫ӣ
̫ôȻںǱߵġ
Ůϯֿ졣бδбںǱߡ
ٻξͬʱ۾һȥ
һ˲ȴͨһξ˺
ٻһ
ٰɵۡ
ξˮﺰ
Ȼٰɵġ
ϡ
ôܿͻ֡
Ҳǹ⣬뿪ǹ⣬˸߲Ŀġ
һᡰ̫ӡ˲񣬻ʶǰ
ٰһֱڶξĽŲֻǳǰ˲佫ǰһϵ˲һᣬһһһơ
һõĽСôŹ˺
ٻ˼ѰҶ԰̫ӣȫûһηġ
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ٰڰɡʱֻԼ澡ʧõİ취ӦøϽⶪ˲ǣϾνľۺߣȻûôˮȻ˵ǺҲֻǸˡ
Ȼξ˵ѡȻѡִԼȻ⡣
ģܹ鲻Լ



70 ˽վӣ͵ļӸ
ٰܽسˮ
ϰϰ̲΢Ҷ컨䣬һۻƹŮƲͷֻ¶ڣ
࣬Ⱦ˸͸
㣬𼱣ˡˮӦòվ߹ͺˡٻҲ⴦ˮԲ
ٰҲû뵽ξûá
Ȼվ
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ٰ㡭Ⱦξٻתһ£ѾӦˣɵطƫҹҲҪһʱ䡣
Ǳߵξۿһδһȥ˳ƽ˾ۺ
ˮˮ¶ʱǲҲ̶ãһ࣬ŷζҪȳˡ
ˮ³ξȴԼĵˣǱ߿ޱߺθһ鴤˸ڵأϺˮһƬۻ࡭
죡ٻ˱ӣٰǰơξ̫ˣһ˶ֵֻñϷѵˣõİ취ǵøϽ
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ҡŪѣӶģҲࡢˮۻ࣬һҪ̫ӣһҪڲ¶аʧ̬Щô˵
ٻۣûϱ㡣
Ҳ㡣
ٰܾһѶСġŪ˲ⲻ𣬻ڳײ˼ҡͷǽŪŪˣҸûˡ

㣬㲻ԣô֪ϱ
ҡ
նʱٰĿƣٻֱ顣
ʵһֱٻȵξҲû뵽ٻûиʵжǷߴٰ
շٰԼȥģ֪ԼٰԸ˿ٰԼʲôôȫԼΣգ
ξһίٻǺýá
ٻٰĲδʶξİޡ
ٰͷ
ǾҴֱɣԾ͸ˣҶҲѾˣٳҲνʵҵǺξһģ𣿿ϧոջ˵ҪͬأȻƭ˵ģ
ٰһЦҲãҵٴһ˦ɺԵءУȥȡ
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ξٻʧٰ֦ǰʱȴòץˡ
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ٰһԸٴס֦ξٻȰ䣬˫ץסˡ
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У
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ٻٰξǱ˶մ˺ࡣʱĻаŴݵ߹ģԼ˻֡
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ξܲŭ
ٴȷٰ
ٰں
Ѿͷ͸ˣ
ٻʲôԹۣǰԼҲڰԼǴٰڶԼԽѿĴƲ
˭˭һģ
أˣ
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㣬˵һ顣ûУ
ٰܵͬסٻ㣬͸ոһ㻹ҪҳԿݵͣױª£Ծ͸ÿζƳȥ𣿡ٴȥ˿̣㻹ҪһΣ
ٻɵۡ
˽վˣ



71 ˭˭ң͵ļӸ
ٻǲûشش
ȷʵû龭
ȴڳΨһĿ֤ˡ
ǰԼжϣΪξվξǱߵġԼٰΪոһò͵Ĺϵƺ˸ң˿Լһҧٰ˵Ĺϵѩϼ˪
ٻѹһˣһ̵׵ⲻˡ
㣬ûп㣬Ҳ֪ôˮġţˡ
㡭㡭ٻ㵱桭ξҧгݡʮĽãȻԥתͶã
㣬᲻ԼŻˣٻǰŬʾξϽϢˡٻˣΪ˴֣Ϊ磬Ҳԥվȥٰһͷִ壬»С
ٻˣξѹûᣬЩǺˡ
Ż꺢ͯҲ·ûңҺ
侲㡭ٻٴ߽ЩξüŪ۵ͬʱʾμҼūŸϽ˴ߡ
侲ˡȥˮһ᲻侲ξʶ֣ٻȴ˺ü
ξٻΨԼŪȹͷ䣬һײ뿪ˡ
ٰΪٻΪ׷ҷҪ˺ļ񶾵
˭˭һأٰɫһ䣬ų˿;ռȲģǱ˵
ٻٰˣĵãæȥȴûסˡ
ɰˡԽԽ࣬ռҵķҲһλмλбҲ˺Ǳߣ
ٻʱƼʺߵλŮҲ֪ʱˣš
ڲȥˡ
ξٰͷţƾôסٻϽȥĸ׺Ϸ˹
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һ㾿ֻ۾ˣƵĻƵģôƵģܸһԭһ
ڶΪ㣿ԩ޳𡣷ϴ̳ǽִδΣгɼﲻݰɣ
ǰ񶾣ô¼ɽƽƽôСˮ̶ӣڣ˶ӵģܲҲ͵㣬ƣҲϽܣץϾйˣݣһ£ˮˮ㵹Ǹң㣬ʲôô
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پ㣿еСǸոϯȶ˾ƻͷ˰ɣ
һνġȡξˡ
Ǿң㷴ô˵
С㣬˵ܹܲԣͱҳӱҸߣҲᣬݹˮӦøˣƾʲôϵö㣿ԭ㣬˿̣Ϊ֤ףҲֻʵ˵̫ˣׯסİٽ㶼˺ö࣡üˣ
Ц𣬶ûסЦ
ξòҪѪ
ôˣôأδСҪءվ͸ôŮȦ˰ɣҪҪˣ޲ˣ
ңһأҳѾܹ˼ˡ㻹ңԲס˵ȷʵҲΪ
ٰ˵̯֡
ҵֻûãǿһð˿ڱΣȥ㣿ˮˣûññ㷴ҧһڣ˺ġ
һ˫˺۲٣ʮָȫǺӡ֡
ɫͬĺӡȻǸץ֦µġ
Ҳɲʿٰ֪ϴαܡһ˫˴˵ġ״£ð˿ڱĿܣԸѺѵˡ
һʱ䣬ٻĿҲŹ˲١
ˮҪõıԹ۸ɿţûѪԵϵ˵ȥˣôô֡
ô룬ĶԱðɣ
֪䣬ٻΪڲͷֵôһ㡭
ٰͱһʣξɵ۵ͬʱҲЩ£粵
ǵãʱǸλײԼƵԼģֻٰ
ٰС
Ȼڣұ֤ˡ˵һ飬ң֤ߴҽСҳɢģӦò˶ˡ
Ͷұ뿪ȥӦҲƼˡһҪ侲Ƨĺߡ˵ԤıСˮôѵδ֪֪֮Сβǰ
ȷʵ

һȺ˶ͷй֤ȷǿٻξһ·ٰġ
лλֱԡ



72 ռƸߵ㣨ң͵ļӸ
ˣٰɻѾϴ塣
˺ܺ߶˵ûжĿ֤ҲûУ˿֤ûԤı֮˵ξ϶޻̸֮
ٰȴǻһת
С㣬Ҹɣǲ׽ںߣΧˣˮҲҪҵѵԼ˺Ȼ󵹴һҪң
˵ʲô㣿ֵҺ㣿ξһӵί޴¿ڣһٵܴ̼Ҫץһˮ˻Ҫ
ǿɲһ㱾ңһֱڶڿࡣղǻ˵㼵㲻ǸңΪϷ˵ӵϲҾвʣԱ뷨ӸˮΪ˽ѵҵͬʱҪֻǲǣ
ٰڻ˻δ˿Ψһֻ̫ܽ
˻Ȼʡ
ˡ
ƺ˵ͨ
ǰڻʺǰǺϯ棬ξֳٰ˼ĵ⡣֧Լұ˳ԣƣһƷȻμ治ٰӦôĴԡ
Ϸ˸ʱξͿڷˡɲǰֻΪԹޣβٰˮֻܳǿƣٰҪ׷𣬻ضϷϾξμҵŮֻٰǸûѪԵϵŮԣξԻǳ
±Ҵ͵ʴ׵ĵͣ
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ã˵ûҲûУǻ˭ѵҽ㣿ٰͻȻһ֣˵ɫٻϡ
ûжҸ˵һϴɵ֤ݡɸոպֻˡֻʣһԼСģŻǺȶ࣬Լˮȥġڶҽ㲻СİȥġһɵģҪıңҵʹĿƣ
ѡһ⡣
ٰξԹһƬԼͱˣһֱߣֻʣ֮ȴޱ粵֮
ٰվٻǰ
㣬£ô
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Խ㣬ʵٻĵ
ٻҲ¡ٰķҲʼǷξ׽ˡʵξжϲӣٰոһ·׷ٰʱξ߶߶ٰ̫Ժ뷨ӽҪ
ȻҪģҲ벻ٰʲôȥξû尡ٰ֮ģһ㶼顣Уٰ䱩꣬ƾʮ˽⣬ԲһĻ֮ˣǡǡ෴һֱܵܺƭû͸˽ӴҲû˻ʹ
ʵٻѽٰųɡ
ôԼٰҲֻξˡһֱǿξԼŻԵʡ
㡭ٻһڡٰǸ˵ξǸŷ¡ԡѵξԸٰͷټӵԵʣһ޲š
Ǹɣٻٴǿһεּᶨ˼֡
ٻΪһãҵֶҪˣξѾûٰܽܵٻ̬ȡ
ǽãҲֻ֣Դʵţ㣬˿Ц
úúãٻ㻹ǴȻ
ұ죡һκģμϷˡ֮ʲôǷǵ!֣ɺͳ
ĸٰˮҪҡˡξԾίӯǰ
ϷٴκֹıҶˣٻԼŻˮͱٺˡʲôϽСؼȥ
ξڣϷһȫ˺䣬ӵһֻҲקȰ
ٰξ뿪ʱǶݺݵٻϣɰһЦָξҧһٿξٻǰơ
ҲָƾжĴȺҵϵһһ㡣μĴĺܺ͵ΪƿԼǵˣǿԣٰȻϣġ
ξʼҲΪɡϾμҵĵС㡣ϿʼQϲٺȰɣ
Ϸ˺ٻıַξ͸ģϷ˸ոյıҲδػξҲ֪ξĵ˭
Լ£֮ͿԼıˡ
ٰӦʣ֣Ϸ˿ǰһ񣺡ϣұ㲻׷ˡ
һˣҲҪռˡ
֪ԽǸ̬Խǵ㣬ԽռƸߵ㣡



73 մϵĹ
£ע˵ġ
ٰĸ̬ʧ˶˴ί
Ϸ˵ЦҲûֱȥռһλ˸ˣĿ±㰺뿪ˡ
ϾˣȫȤջķᣬ߾߰ɡ
תߡ
ίģ۸ˡ
ϷüʾٻϽȰԼֻЦʰƺ󡭡
ٰ뿪ٻŽ׷˸
ǲǣ˵ңվñȥǸٻ׷ɻûš
㣬𣿡ٰһۡ
ٻ缦װͷ֪Ϊˡ㲻ġ
ţģҲġݵ΢һɺȻۻҲνһǿһ飬û
˵⻰˶ûҪۻҲûҪ㶪˼һұȥ㡣ҡҵʱúý֮ͣ䲻ᡣ֧黨ΪׯùصĲʣսÿ黨ȥ֤շЩҪÿ
ˣ˵档ˡ
ٻૣ̫ˡûûһֻˡǱֻбˡɡ԰
ٻ侲Խ˼Խ⡣ҾòǱ㡣ٻٴ׷
ţ
㲻֪жӣ࿴κÿƣ϶ѡ񡣶ˮһǴˮǳأƫƧأԼΣðյġ
аٻû˵ƾ֪ٰŮѹͲֵÿơҪӣҲֻİ취
˵ǽŻӦҲˤôԶԡⲻԡ
ٰòͣ˽ŲóϣٻǱ
ôûң
㣡ٻüҴ֪ˡ
ţ
Ƕֳֻˡһˡ˭ܿ϶һ㣿˭ȷʱֻˣ
ʲô
Щأ᲻ˣˣ֮ˣǻ絽Ƕ֮ˣ˰֮ˣ

㻹ǵׯĺ㻹ǵðЩ治ĸġĸҪԸ㣬αǰػۣҿⲿĴڡȻΪ˶Ը㣬Ϊ˶ԸǼҡ
ٰòٻˣԼôû뵽
û´ĻոպֳܻܿߺǰͬһҲһ
˳Ŷ԰⽫ˮΪľǽ˹ϵһμҺݼҽٴαϷ˼⣬ҪΪЦҹϵŪ㻹Ҫĸ׵ίҲԹҹҡֻ˰Ͳǳһʰֱӽμݼȫɨء
ٰü죬ŶԼ˵ʲôأȷܺãɣܸԼӡ
ˣһˡҾ˵ô࣬ͬһġֱɺޡ
ţͦпܵġٰ͵һͷ
Ժٺͳһ档ٻѹ
㣬ǡݸ߹󣬲Щ¡ٰԸ⿴ٻץ
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Уҵȥһ
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ˣӡֽʮߡ
ڻʳӺʹӶزʵϱڻ곤ġ
ĸǻʵ۵Ԫ󣬱ޱȡˣܾջʵ۶ĺ
ֻ޳ǰʺȴʱȥˣλʳӻû󣬱ӭֻʺĸ
֪ΪԱǵܣִűʺϣ֮ĺܷϡ



74 ң͵ļӸ
˱̫ӵʲõѡȴƫƫֻֻóǰǫõ̫֮λнԶ
ڻʵ۶ŵԪ鲻ǳ۰ʮȢ˸߹ޣֻҲʶλ֮ģǻ
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ϵ軹Ͳ͢ʦԲ˭ʲô磬ǹ磬ֻҪһ˭Ҳû赲֡ҲԸţ߾ߣ뻭ͻڡ
ٰһֻ̾һǰԼ
ٰ֮Զ࿴ۣΪģֻ뵽˽ðǸͷ̫λ
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75 Ҫ£͵ļӸ
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ΪڶͷƤΣատͷˣϼˣ֪ܲáһҪ࣬ԾԲŹ㣬ʱɲӾܴҵġ



76 ̽ϵƼƱļӸ
ٰԽ˵Խֱֹ
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ٰƹͰ͵ֻ˵ûûһֲǵ̬ȣ֪ӼֵӦûøߡ
ЦŽ׻ϣҽոյõģֻʡ
ƹһϧｫ֣һʱһһüǮ
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ٰһұ˸̫үǶȥһİײ裬˵˵֣Ȼ۸Ǽ׮
үŲҪ
ƱۣҴǣǲŻ䱾㣬ǲһٵԽ֡
ٰǿƻػ󲻵ûԿռ˲ٱ˶˵һ飬ﻰⰵʾүǿơ
ֽޱӦ˹ӼƼС֮ԼǰȲ迴֮Ҳ֪ˡͷʣٰҲˡ
ֻҪܻԽԽõġ


77 ֮
ٰһ˾ĸǶոޱıֺһޣ˵øϲЦտֽ֮յõһֻҪ͸ĸ
ԲҪСĶٰ̫֣ӣȴٰһصĶ׹
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衭ǮͰɣϼһ۱㿴˺ûɰ̾øµĺӡ
ĸǼˡ׵ˡкõģһТǡ
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Ŷȥξˮ֮𣿺ﲻԣ



78 Ҫĳ·
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κҪٰʱٰӲ˯ΪɣֱӸˡ
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𣿡ޱٰϵĽһװ䡣
˰ˡɵϣζţΪΪ˰£μһ񽫸ࡣҡ޹μ˵Ҫˡ̫̫ϱã̫̫᲻κϷ
κϽŮˮӦùˣ̫̫ųСӷҵǺεȵۣ϶ȱջ𣬿ôίֺã߶ûӡ
㲻ҲöԲƫٻСӵ̫̫԰һ첲յٻԼܾίɷĴȵԹСɣ
Ӧú˼أ
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⡣˭Ҳ赲ң
Ҫܶܶӣ˭֪ǰ·ΣһʲôɣһⲻӮһտ·֣˵һ·أ



79 Ϸ
ͬһʱĽĴڵȵݲ衣
ֻ֪ٻҪӡٺݣԶŮҲǺõġ
ٻǶʺѡҫôҲܲġ
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ٲԸҲֻΪŮͼǰҧҧ
ݲˡ
˳ȴǽŲһͣ΢΢һü
үӶ˵ĸߣżһ޴ķݲмֲ֪οڡˮһͰ͵ģݲֽż޴š
лֱ˵ɡ
ĴһҭʮһղĴϴ֡үŰɡ
ͤз羰ãã̫ѹ֣Ĵ˼ȥѡ
үԵġүĶѼʱںòˡѼһˣڼүĴԶ֣Ǿݲ衣
һ棬ȻȫĴ⡣
ըȡӡ⡢㡭Եġ
ЩﶼĴ̫壬һ۵ĲƷ
ݲ軹û£ĴȱѸ޺ԼһӵĲˡ
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ȱæˡվΣûǻʺʾ⣿
û㶯ӡ
߳Ա˵ɺãүҶûкú˵ˡҽ²٣˵ģҪԵġүϲĸơ
һݲˣδɣ˵ƣǿͳҲûһ¡
Ĵŷ֣״ΪĻҪء
үҡǱˡˣĴֻܿȽסˡ
ʲô
ݲһ㶡
м䣬ڰǶȣںΪģֻ»ǻ˻Ļºǽ
ݲ̲ס߳ǲɵģ
ү˵ˣ޹أ
Ĵɷȴֻǿѹ˿㲻ҽͣҪڱ˺˶֪үմȨ񣬶ڰжأ
ĴίҲ˵
ݲֻһۣʾлϽ˵
˽ξ˾ۺɵʱڳģֻл;ˡ
ݲɫһͻ˰֣
أ
ǰأֻˣݲŵù϶;ãҲǻӣԼˮۡ
ʱԤһֱǡ統˸Űһ
ȵȵȣ¡òΪϴѵպ˵ɣԼ˶ⳡϷɣ
ݲĵһӦ
Ĵȴò˿ѪӿתԼ﾿ʲôˣ
үǷ˲ɣξںͷ࣬μҵͬҲǶվǶĻնԻҪοʺҲڣôҲԼȰɣ
ݲһʱҲӲϻˡ
Ҳǣ
Ϊ˽գ׼öˡ˵ûʲôȻһҪˡ
˼ǣ˲ԸûΪ̫Բ°ӣ
Ǵ⡣Ͼֳֻˣ˵ۣôң˭ֻǻ߰ġʱ˺ôΧ˺öˣĸҲһֱڰƺ󡣻ʺǰ볡Ļֻ᧿Σ
ĴԽԽģ޵滨ꡣ
ү˵ֵΣһʱ֪Կмٻп󡣾һˤ˻Ͱ˵
ݲ費˵Ĵ֪ȥˡ
ңʱ;ˡ˸ЦͶԻʱ˭У󣬻;һˡү
û°ɣ
Ĵٴһҭ»ǿûУȻֻİ
Ȼû¡һˡ
ĴٴĨᣬǻһһ̯ӣҪôСѹæŰͰ뿪ٵ軰ʱ˶ˡ󣬻˭Ҳϼˡ
ݲһ̾ȥơѾһʱṳ̂㻪ܽԺˡڸǰʮĺӣĴôһ˵Ҳ˼֡
ǷʮѪģԭͳܴ죬ֳָ𣬴˿ľƣǴ֮ʱүˡĴü۴飬⣬䡱ҧҧݲһۡ



80 ̸
ݲ裬Ĵ̬ڵĸߣûȥҲŪȥ˰ʾļ¡
ȻǸĴϴ֣ȴֻ֪üȭûζûа⡣
ףȥȰɣ
ݲ費ûϧԹˣҪ˵Ҳǵġμңôȥ磬¶£Ϊֻȥ˺ߣߵūŶʲôȥˣһȥռңɻȴͷһˣҲ֪ҪΪΰ뾲ǲǾ۸ˣΪβֹôܺȥˣǼȻ˰ж֣ʱʲôȥˣ˿̻˵ţ˺ˣʲôã㻹ָô飿ȥĶ飿
Ĵɴۡ
û뵽ˡ㵹һң
ԭȻίȫعںõ˼ֱ䣬ס֮ٴѪ￪ʼߡ
ү˵Цذɣǻʺңۼҡҵ飬һû֣ûȨΪңҵҪ飬ǴʺҪƫƧߵǰģžһ·ŻǵĴˣ
һãһǱ㣬мѾˡˣԼ֮ûɣһֱڶһֱڸɨβүԹϻˣĵ
⣬ǶūźǶǷֿġȫһūү˵ҲΪ˸үүΪүүȥ顣
±ͻүܽᵽǼϡĴȺγһӵԹ
ݲûͷ˾ƺһ
Ĵȼ״ֻס죬ҧԹ̻أᣬָݲ赹˱ơ
Ҫ˵ȻΪķѾǼңۼŻӶ¡ү⣬ԻᣬլҲ˵֮СүǸ޹ءҪԸõɺˣ
ĲΡ
һҲϡҴ˿̻ɲ̴㱻ڣҲĻүʣЩԸΣݲݶ᲻öһẦﲡţǶҹʲôвҺڶǶ֣Щүɶϸ
ݲȻЩɻģȻЩլҵġŪЩػۣ۾ġ
֨ȴҲĴȡ
̴򻹺úõģԵΪ֤ҰٿĪ硭
˵صɡ
£˼ȥΨõһ;
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ٰظɡ䣬ΪиҡԸһҲԸ̬ﻯҡͰҲǣһˣʲô˵ģһ£ֻŽܲ򵹡ΪһүҲܿҵ̬ȣԴĸŮ⡣
ڶүҲҪסңүáҲݼݼߣ˲෹ЦϡԺǵԵá²ڻϣҲù˼Ű԰ɣ
˵ڸҴҲ󡣻ؼҺٿԺͻһд֣ѧѧǣѧѧŮ졣켰ǵˣױҲ׼ˡֵܽҲϤҪõ飬Ųױȥܾûݼ̫̫ˣҲ̫̫ǰѧһѧТϾܿҲҪˣҪТŵˣү˵أ
ĴѧˣֲֻԼҪôӸУҪô̫̫ҪôΪٰ㣬ݲû˵֡
ٰõ飬˵Ǹޱʱٰˣݲһ¾ץĴ©ָ
ޱȻǺõġǺӣոޱǰ㣬ֻЩҹһ棬ҵˡƫƫŵǳҹ
ĸң
˭³ҵ¡үıȨǴ³ҽӹģΪ˳һֱڻûٵۼҡǼСͻͬΪѡ˵ųҵģӳС̫̫Ƕ˷ݳļ񡭡Ϊ£ʵĵúܡ
ݲüͷøˡ
ŭȫתƣԴԼͱҲ֪࣬Լƻǳɹġ
һ紵ӣ˸硣
ģԺͱŰڳˡ÷˻Щ£Ͻ˽ȥ԰ɡݲվ
һзִ磬볣ҹ˵ɡ볣Ҷδ˵Ҳ˽١ֱҲʲô£ʲôĲҪȲǵգҲǳƽƽҪʲôдŮģл͹ˡǼ佫֮òЩϰȤҴȽš
ĴôҲû뵽˵Ѿƫֵز
ⶼ˵ʲô
ԼȴЩɲ㣿
ľˡ
ٰѧطȥ䣿ѵҪɳ̳²ɣѾͷǵЦϻ
Ĵһ뵽ĸµ󣬸ŵǸüŭۣ֣һԲϾȭͷãٴδһ



81 㸾֮
ĴȽڣŬѹ²ˬ
ΪŮӣԵҪٵˣǿػ͡
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Ļ£д㡣
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үĴȼһЦ˼ȻˣϽȳһڰɡ
ҧҧȥݲ衣
ɡ
ܿˣֱת
ҡȥ˸ҿ
ǡҵүĴȵڶ
󲡳ЩϢһһʱ䲻磬˯ǰԺˡıȥ赼赼ȥݲһۣԺഩ㣬˸鷳
ݲԥˡ
Ĵ÷
ʱˣҪȥ
ԼĵŮȹģȥŮ
˷ŵΣ˵ˣǿװɵĮ֮ˣ
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ݲŲһ٣ٴüͷͷ㶼˵ǲ岻ˣ֤ݣóȻȥ᣿֮
˵գ뿪ˡ
ĴĿŤ
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ģˡ
ǲɢɻͶ
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סģסˣôҲٱʲôˡ
Ҿˣ㻹ǲҪǿˡ
һӺĴһֻƴĺӸС
⡭桭
ûŬΪڻϸǰȴڶϿͲˡˣֻԼŬˡΪ˻ΪμңΪ˽ûʲôģȥɣðȥ͡
ǣĨˣĴȴǺһδԱܺݣԼҲһ
ͬһʱݲһǰȥˡ
Ļ£⣬֮£Ľ½Ĵȡ
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ֻٰҸչ˵ġôίҲٱѧǸѧͲѧɣľͺáãͮߣ֪֪׵ģӿֵͮиҲܹʤΡ
ͮǹ¶Լʦุ¿ȫȨͮѽ˫ʮҲ˸ȢϱͣͮΪұۣȻίͮ˼ȥ￴ˣͷˮˡ
˼Ҫٰͮ࿴ദ֮ڱӪ̳˲ϻ˵ϻˣúܺãԵҲǳȷʵ䡣
Ȼ˵һ˵ȿֻͮҪͬ⣬±ܶˡ
ﲡҲںȺӼǣ¶º󣬰Ļ±ܰˡ
ãá
ݲ費ɽᣬҹ粻СôԽԽˣ

ٰ˵ǴӽңĴһԼһ״ΪԼʻ
֪һֱȵң˴Ժ˯ţûҲûؼҡ
͵ĲҶϵˣ
һ˵ˣķѹûؽȥ

ٰ죬ĲҲˡ˵Լиܵܣ
ڶһٰ˵ٻˡ
ˣȻӦԼˣֽٰкãٻҲ÷ӦȻݺݲ߰ܣǲ跹˼ԼģΪ̬ȣίҲΪȥ̽ԴȽڻϸǰЩ
ٻѾͷһǸźһСӵΡ
ǵ黨ʯӺһɺӣӦոĳŵ
ܿ죬μҲǰ˶
ԴöȣһӦȫ
ĴȱʺҪġȻиμ̫̫ξġȻҲᡣټҶǮٰͷѹסһͷϼ֡
ٰų񵥣ȴѹ涼û¶
ǣ
ʺҲ֪ġ
͵̫̫ǰĸţɵˣ
ͺá
Ǿ͡Ϊѣ°ɡҹ޳мһˡٶҪǺ˼գ±˻Ҳ֪
İõٰһӣðѶȫϸҿⷿȥ
ɴסɣ̫̫Ҫ֪ˣ֪α̫̰īһӵĶء
ҵĶҵģҪТ˭ȻûҪٰĶٰǰѶֳ˶ݣӶһȥƴǲֻ£ҲǶٰ࣬Ӷ۰š
̫̫ôһ˵ٰת˸˼أ
Ĵǰ£ò˼ЩҶҪתͷ׻صǻΪԼޣֻǰ֧߸
룡



82 ٰĻ
ȻٻˣٰȻûбʾ
һʱ׼һݻһʺţȥ˽
ǿǺýãٵٻôΪ
ϷȻ١
٣ٰޱٰ֣ͱһӡȲμңҽСⷿ˲ˣýþͻ㵹Ǻ˼
ңƲ˽ٻٰиޱҲƼˡĿֻȷʵǺöϱߵǴ黨ִԲƷɡٻΪٰҲ˱Ǯˡ
û󣬼ϣҲܸûطȥ
ٰΪȻ
һҼҺμҵļҵ׷ǵСⷿƾһ᲻աҿⷿģҵЩҲģֵǮǷݵƤߵĲҵ̣ǻӪЩƸЩĴȿûϡ
ڶ½ԸԼҪͣԼҪ⣬ֲ͵ġǲǻһȥתͷˡ˵Ƕ񣬿˵飬Ҳ˵ǷҹԲѧǣҲԸǰ³ˣֻظ御
ءʲôܸϵǷݳ⣿
ٰһ޻
룬շ估Ҳ޻˿̽㲡ˣһѾܹ˼ˡշҪ֪ˣþ͵̫Ƶˡ
ģٻǣˣ˭û˵һǡϾҵ޻ǻʺڱȹġ⣬󲻹Ųţ´˭ٰ磬ٻһᶥ޻ȥ
ޱüһ¡
⣿˵󣿡
ô˵أأҪ̫ãֻļǿҵˮ׼Ҷֻ·߻ͭһ䡣ˡ
ٰⱲӶԸٻ޻ˡŸޱһȥϲɹˡһ˶ʮ䣬ѼǮ˵˶һ䡣úأҲûʶԽ۵Ĺ˳
ʱޱôʲô
һٻξ񫣬ϸҪأֲӣֲԸԼ˼ԺЩǣЩȻǱڽۣʡһһ
ЩűʶأֻҪһƾͿļ˰ɣ
Ȼǿ׼ܸܲĲŻģȻʶΣԼȴӵ˻ؼҷ
Դ˿̵ٰһһСʶˡ
ʶٰ޻ۡ
㵹ˣ޻ҲԸٻռ˱ȥ
ڻλô˸ȥ
⣡ƣһأ
ٰۣЦйŮὫִͷϣƼЦ
ԣͳȥҲˡķأֵһһҲֻƷʺңҪƷ䡭
ٰЦ޻Žͳˡ
㣬òūӡ
Һ㲻һҪܼҵ׵ˣ
㣬ֵһһߣأ޻Ҳϲ𣿡
£ٰЦŴԴͳңҲֵһһߡ
дޱһһ߶Ҫˣʹ죡ޣˣޣΰɣޣ
ģɲǸǧ𡣶ˡ
ҲǸѧġҹദīߺڣ㣬ҿɲ¡
ٰЦȴͻһգһ±ڳڨڨſڻˡˣĸˡ
ޱһ˲һԴһʼ磬תԴһϿ£ǲҪ㣬Ҫˡ

ſڿһˡ
Сã˵ôģֻأұһѳΪŸҽΪ˳ŵĵͬҴ³񣬲ʱʱ˦ĴҲΪסĵԣĵǿϣС㲻
ٰüЦҲͦŵģû£Ըѧѧ޻òֵСͽܡֻ߸ѧ䰡òֵġǺýãԹˣ

գݲˣԺܣֻڡǴεĵڶٰǷͳС㽻á
ʶûգʱϵ
ݲԴԥ˹һ
ֻͶһġСһǸֱˬ֮ˣһ˵һҴţ˺ദ󲿷ֹŮ˵һ䣬˶ҪĨǣʵڲЩȦӡģ¶עִ磬ʲô£¹һڲ͡వ¡
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ݲҲǲģ˴˳Ƶӣ˵ǸϲŭַϵĹ˿ٰô˵Ҳ΢ġ
¶೤ۣʲôʲôѣֻҵæڣòΪ飬ֱͮæҲɡСӣƴǵġ
˵ڸлҺ͸ޱӦޱͻġ
С¡ллȥ̫ˡʲôʱҴСҳԶٷʱԼлɡݲĿʼȴٰ֪һۿ
УŰɡٰ조æŲڸͳˡ


83 
һӣٰȷʵæ
ÿһ磬㿪ʼ䡣
ޱԭΪֻٰ˵Цÿ춼ǱԺȺҰèɨĸѵġ
ݲ谲ŵŮʦÿָٰһΣǰһµѵÿÿٰɫˡ
ǽŮ츳ãⲻ۲¿಻ȵľͷǹͷһݵġ
Ůʦһʱ򣬸ޱһ߿š
ףȣԺд񣬻סһ⣬ɼˣֻҪͷһȶѵٰʪ͸Ҳҧ֣ûиûбԹľͷͷúܡ
֪Сѧʲôǽ壿Ůʦٰܺµĸ񣬱㿪ʼʽѧˡ
͵Ϯܣٰشز˼
ޱԣһڲϤ˳
ٰԸޱݺһۡ
ԼҪȻ͵Ϯ¡֮ҪȫˣȻҪһܹΪСúûţҪ
ҲõӺãЩʵѧʲô̫ѡ
ʦҲʣӦˡ
ǣٰʼոһյڡŮʦڵʱѧڵʱҲÿʱʱ״򲻶һҪĸʱ
ÿ󵽰ǶӣҲûиæڸϯ档
ȣǵĻʱҲĵݺʱЩĻᡣ
ʱûгͻٰԴ˱ʾ⡣
ǸޱʼҪԺٰٲҪһסˡ
ѰֳһһէٰÿûʱʱҪ֣ÿÿŵøޱźء
ǰգصĸޱմ̫̫Ժ밲صԼһ紵ˡȴˣͷϵʱȴ˴Ӻסźһɣһͷī£ͷϷҲ֧
Ϊʲôͽӽ˼ңҪУȴһóһƣԼٰߺȲ衭
磬ޱǼġһ𣬿һɴק۵۴С
˸ϽҲһ֮Цޱһͷ˴ϣϸǱ˸ͷ
ϸһƣǡǿ֬֬͸ˣֻҹΪ
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ѹҰҹܾΪӡޱȷʱӵˡȻҲٰ
ʵܲˣٰҹ
ٰˡ
ޱ̫̫ܵǶһ״
ٰҲʾί
ѧĹҪ֮˰ɣ
ʦոǿʦﶼС
С˶Ҳˡﲻ֣ȥҲ͸ޱʡѾͷ͵ޱҲһ顣
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˵ء֮Դ˿̻ڸңҪõͷﲡˣΪ˵ȻиҺﶼˡĴȺٻԵʣǾ뿪ҵʱӦûˡ
ҵĴ»˽۸ʱԷ´ΣʱܲżҪѧҪޱίˣⲻǡ
⻰һޱˣۿҲ
ޱôҲкôġǲǻˣ㱣֤´βϻˡ
ȵȣޱָ´Σ
´Ҳỵ󣡡
ޱٿ
´ΣҪ֣ұ㿪ʼշˡ˽´ΣÿʹһΣұһĶ֪ĵضбµģԺоȫ
治Ѻãٰһ̾ˣһСְɡСɱˣֻҪܴͭ򷢡˵СԵĶѣôĥһʱû

ٰӾôȥ
磬ԺȡҰݵġ
ֻһΣвˬ
һƹĺ硣
ʢ󣬲ĶǴٹˡ
ٰѳΪ˲ĽС㣬ϯٲȱӰ
ݲ¶ĴҲٻˡֻһΣûξ׼ȷ˵Դϴˮٰ֮ûټξ



84 µү
ٰٻɱǢϵϯнʱһġ
ٰξʱٻ̾˿
˵ϴǶ֪ڵɱҺûеһʱվ˵ǸֱնڻҡǳˡžĸҲûôˡ
˾أ
˾ΪѣĸֵҲ̫ʹ졣
ٰһ̾һϲáμҲìˡһңܸЩ㣬ǶҲЩ¡ԼҪлᣬöˮ˾ȼ
ٰǱߣ
ðɣǱ߾ͶбˡһĳϣٻŮͻһŮ֮Ϊ˱ӣҪôǰԺ֣֮ҪôԺǽֵΪ޷ֿС
Ҳ㡣
ᵽǰ˱ǣ꼻ζû꼻ɣɵãȥƣٻ˫Ŀ΢
ٰۡ
꼻۸֪ɵأ
ٻ·ǰûٷ
ٰĻž͸ż̫ˡ
ȴתδʧȻҪ˵ϼ䡣ȻǹйŮȻܶ˵䡣˵ͶЩ߽ôȻģ˼˽Ļᡭ
ȻʵڽƼˣҲʲôֻ֤ߣ˵Ǹ·Ե֣˵ɶɡ˭ԸһǱãӴٽ˵ļѻ
һȥϵ硣ȥüȥ
˵Щ岻ĻǶǵ飬֮ǰ㡭
ǰٰһʼΪɺϺԵ֣֪ԭԸơ̫̫ٻܻ©̫٣Ա˳ϡ
ð߰ɣٻɫ΢죬ٰߡ
ٰν
ȥǲѣֻҪٻǵɡ
Ȼ˸ϼɽͤλҲˡ
ôɣ
ôˣ
̫ӣǿɺ޵ء
̫ɲյЦգůٻٰۡ
ҲЦЦǲ⡣
ٰᣬһϴвʱ˵ҪŪȥʰĻ
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ƶɮǹ˸ԸһǧܷΪг羴ģп־壬ΡƳıһʱǸûڶȳģע᳤á
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Ůʩʱ䣬ƸȥƶɮΪʩĵǰĸͷϸ㣬ٵһƶɮʩִ֣ƶɮԸȫһ⡣⣬ƶɮԸΪʩһ֡Ʒٰ֣Ǻ棬˵׽
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ӡӢǱãССо֮磬˭˶һ䡣
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ԣʵļҽ㲢ٰٻ
ӢҲǿٰüһ˿ԥ󣬿ڽ㡱һ
ٰסׯϣÿĳϦȴǻؽסϼġ桢ӣӢһҲܼϼأ˲̫İ
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ǰ껹ʮꡣǰ۰ΨһֵܣݼҵĽġʱӢԼ֡Ӣͱ¨ӣԼҲŶءÿÿ빬ҲܻᵽǶһ衭
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ܡһҽ㲻أУҵȲˡӢסٰ㣬Ұɡⷽ棬ܱȴǿ㣬ˡֻҪΣʲôɡߡӢ͡Ҫ壬Ԫɡòã
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Сӣ˵⻰ʹ˼ȰϽ֣еǰ취Ҹǰԭ㣡
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Ҷ׼ˡ˼ˣһղ֣ұֻǸиޱĳ㵹һ㲻˲ģڶˡ
أ㱾ûа취ӮҾķӣ㻹ûأ㶪ˣУϴҾܾķĴȣҲ̫ӣȴȥԸĴͷҲûӮ̫ͶһٶһŮ֡Ǳ£ôӲֻ̫ӸĲԽԽ󣡡
ٰҲġʵϴڼɽѾضμҵĺ޲̫ӹϵˡС˾СˣٺޣűҲֻߡ
˿̵ٰ⣬Ҳǰޡֻᵽ˸ޱƾʲôƾʲôǱǿһҪۣҪΪʱΪ˵ı˵ӣ
ǰ˶ΪߣһһܺҲǸˡƾһ㣬Ѷ˺⡣
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˵һ飬ҵĸҵĻдţӵôʣҲһڡ
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أ浱ɵΪһ浽Ϊҵ˽ͻңһһӻˮģ֪㱾ҡ£ǺõܵܣǴҵطڹģô๦Ϊõңһ治ţ
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׼ô࣬ǴδԼ·ģĺ
˿̵ڴȣӺ˵ѾȥʮϢˣżλ£һûģĿ־ҲԽԽࡣ
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ӽСϣδñ˵˺ҽΣͨտõֻлԡҲͰˣƫ׷£ȴǰߣԼƫεСӶԼ֣ǿƵͶû˭ˣ
ٰ
˿̵κ뵱յξһжԱѵĺҪԶڱ۸ʹɣ
գǲУ
û˳ˡ
ⱻˢ䣬һʱ䣬εˬ
һ뵽˿ڿֹúսأЦ
һ뵽۸ˣĴ֣ƨٵκϣֱӻЦ
һ뵽κµĺݻܵĹɩ¼Ӵ˳ԹЦ
һ뵽ĴΪ˱ԼòӲͷƤȥؽƺֲЦ
һ뵽С˽֮ϻΣһСϡ㲻Ĵϳ𣬾ͳ̬ĴȫҲϢġ˵Ӣֻٻ£ҲٲϺȡЦ
һ뵽òظĴŽ½ٴγΪ˲෹̸ʣЦ
һ뵽ȥǿμɶԲЦμڲκϺɷĴɩ̫֮䣬Ǽҵ룬Цˡ
ˣҲˣݺû٣Ҳˣ֮ջҲٲˡ
ٰͺ㡣
Сɣڰ£ޱ֪ԼһٰԸ뿪ˡ
·ϴǰУһͤʱٰĻǱٴƼƵ
ӷʩȥˣ
ٰ룬ͣ˲
ʦˣأ
ʩǷȤƶɮվ˵ãδ˷ʩƶɮվ󣬵һƼƶɮ֮ˣɼԵ֡
ٰƲ졣ԵԵ
ǰĴȺֵۣȴʼûҵˣϺӦûѣúõòǶذɣ
ʦȻԵ֡о仰һҪ֪ʦģʦԺĪҪˡ׼ģ
ǰ˵˺ãģǺʵˣʹԿίϸõҲּѪˡһǱĺܵù˶۸ң˾ĺͯԸŹҡҵһͿԴʦԺ˵ĻԸ
ƶϢ˲ڿƶɮһԡȻʩϡƶɮܿ϶ûпʩԼƶɮʩ棬˸գǷ̩֮ࡣ˵۸ʩʩ֮˱ضң»ֹǼѪô򵥡
ٰˡϼһƺЩŵ
Ͻ뿪
ʩԸ֣ƶɮԸһŰʩһ֮١
ҲԸϺУθҪˡĪǿЩʲô˰ɣٰϽ뿪ٴΰԼԡϴ˷ԼԶƵģȻĲ
ٰС˰¡



102 ƺ
ƹѾ⣬ٰԶԶţƹ˸ʹ󲿷ͣأһƬӴȥߡ
ϳûһ׳Ҳˡ
·ߡ
ġǵòȴһһĺһܰﶼû⡣
ţͷˣ
ƹοһٰ֪ˡ˿̣ﲻвˮģиˬɾëһֻ¯Ҳ±߸ţӶԱš
ٰϽ˻𣬿ʪյѡ
˸ţ
ģûС
ȻҪ֮¡
׳һһʮ
뿪عȻ¶ҲûҺȣֻһڡ˼ζûܳӣ޵ϡﻩСǳֱƤ񡣺ӷ죬˿ӵ֩룬ߴߴ۵СЦ
һǿӵ׵ĳ󼸺Ҫ췴ȫ϶ȥˡɺɧζͳˡǻˡ¶ˣ׻ֻʣ˿
󣬿ӵ׵궯С͵͵ۣ½꣬ûа취ֻѵ¡һֳһڿӵĴ
С˸һֱŸɫã˾ȴҲԶԶĿ첽·һֱĴȸϵҲ˷ӱ
֮󡭡ȿȡ
׳ûסЦ
֮ˡĴȴǲԴߵģǸӣȫѾͷӡһȺһӷȥӪȣƼϰأһŮӻûü죬㱻һӲСŵߴҽСĴȻ˵ѾͷһӣһˮһۣǱˡ
ʱˮв٣󶼸ˮ棬Χߡ󣬳󲻰ֵúܣв궯
Ѿͷ뵽㳡棬һ±ŵûʧɫ˵ֿŻĴӰ죬ҲŷĲˡ
ûƼصģҪˡžЩǿĲŻ᷸ŻġƿڴѾͷǲȥȣĴȲȥȣֻ࣬ηηȥˡ
״ңСģ꼱ǹֱ۶ˮɲʹ˼ûջ߳ܣһѱ㳶˸Ͻ˿ѧӲ˿ӡ
ĴȲҳײҲ°ԼϽѾͷæҰæ̱ȥſڵѾͷæ£Ҳֻ޺˵Ĵơ
Ĵв֪˸ףһֱ߶߶߶Ϊ֮ͣҲĻѾˣʵûˣӸ̧֡˵лһλҲ쵽ˡ
û˵꣬ӾͱˣǹʲôĶ䣿űֵӳĴһٳĿ
Ǳ˵Ҹ˸ˣٰҪ
α̬⣬ʵȴŮ̲ãиǿ游͵ƵķģﶼҪȻ໰УСľͲһһתˡ
ĴȻðɣûһ㸾˱ģǲƣŻͦǿơֹӣʾϳ֮󣬸߹ټҾھ˵ʱֱ״̬ȡ
ұ粵֮ʱʾԼ鷸ƣˣɲ㣡ʾԼšǸ˻ʵҲûѡ񡣽Ҷȥּɵݽ̫ҲֻЩݻ
СŲ࣬Ǳƹġ꽻ӵģǰûСġ
ˡǰҺʵĵطͣһͣ㻻Ѱɡ
СƤģҪ
ǽ̸вڲǣᵽңҵû
ᵽˡͬѼ˭ҲŲ˭ԭ϶Ĵȵ˶˶֡ĴӢѸٸϵѾ뿪ĴȻڿ粵ŲɣŶĴջ𵽴󱬴ֿڡ
ĴС֮⣬Ϊǽ֮ˣδһ̫粵ԣǸϽƽ¸Ҫԣʼս̬ڵúܸߣζƵͷϣﻰⶼо֮⡣
ٰһ
ʵ˵ˣĴҪԼΣҲֻܿԼΪıʹթӣŻΣã
ֺԼƺ󣬻ٱȥɣʵһ㣬ٰĵڡףԼмֵ
ֻĴ·ǰƲ̫һٰΪԼĴͱôһ¨ӣ㹻Խ˼Ҳˡãɴ䣬Ҳûз𣬷мַв֮⡣
ǰ޺ã˭Ҳ˭ѵ·Զ
ǿƣ涼ԸԴ㱾¶ˣ
ٰܾû뵽Ǳ©ġ


103 ȱǮٰ
ͦá
ƹҲ˾䡣ˣһ̫ӸǰϺȡ̫Ӻٻ֮ѱˡν֣Ƕ֮ڵǿɲ١
ǰٰ˿ҲǶԵӵҪ󡭡ˡ
һǧûİã
һ¹ȥٻ̫ӵĹϵԭشת֪ǰۺѻͷ˹ϵҲͻͽüĿ飬˾ʣͱƴֽĽ׶Ρ棬µҲˡ
ٰѺˣ򿪳ţ¯ᵽǰߣֵ˲ͱӹȥƲСڵǰѶʪģº治ɣȿȲǺõġ
ʵٰҲܺ档
֪˹ãȴôá
شߵģӦˮ׼̫㱻͵ϮϢһһ׼ֻ²Ƕ̫ҷ̫ܸɣ
ܸɣȴֻǱǣŲҶӣ
У׳
ֻĻơ
ոһڳ߼ӻˣȫǵˣҲˡǼ˵ĻˡתĿҲ
ֻȽŵںӵı£
һƹһơƣݳ
ССãȫŰ
׳书ȣĸǿ
СȻȲ塣
Ǵ׳Ҳ𣿡
ǰɡ
ǾǣǾͲǣʲôǡ
żŴӶѡ
żӣأû˵
˵ӡǷˣ̲סһʡϴ˵£Ѿȥһˡ
Ӧÿˣ߶СĻΪתġ
ٰһޡ
˰ɣ
γԣ
ƤӲ񣬽īߺڣһһϦɵġ
ˡ
ٰҧҧ𣿹Ȼͣһ㻰ײ˵˰죬ҲûʳһõϢ
˵ǴӾģôĻѵҲǣһۣĹˣ˭벻
շӵ£Ըȥʱǡ
ûٰԹ˾䡣
ƹЦź˱Ȳ衣
۸ԽԽˡ
˵Ҫ󸮹£ǺܱŤġãûЩǧë
ܰӴæֲڽƽϡϳִܳԿ໹пࡣȿЦҲСҲϣҲΪǡ
һ·ࡣһһദҲ̹
س𣿡
ϵǰʮǸũׯ
֪λ
ͷһˡʵٰƹԼһ˵ԭɽǰΡ
ҵȥҲ׵б˷ҲУռȻ˳ǣܷ˳·һˡˣ֮ˮԽԽ࣬ƺ
ôҲһΣûٺöһʮ⡣ǸڼˣǲҪ˷Щ
ٰ뱱Ӫεʯ˺⳵ϣ˿϶֪ΣҲڣƹ䵱˰֡
˰ʱѰ˰ʱҵٰǺŵ
ͣˣַӣƹһƬ׳죬ڽǰ˳
ʱ˶ƱʱڵˮĺһҶǶ½ˮδ
ƹģٰϳûϢ㿪ʼʰֻ㽫ΰŪ
˸׹ӣһֻ̽ƹ˿һֻۣĬĬҡͷ
ٰ׳ذףϸϸΣ̽飬ֳ֡
ȱ𣿡û뵽ô죬Ϊô
ȱҿأ
үƱ
Ҳ˻ȥġү˵ˣȫȨ𡣡
СʣǲˣСĿٸԤ֧һЩ
ôðλүĺǮ
ҶӺ׬Ǯ𣿡
ɡ
ӣ˲Ҷ̣ʲôҵ
Ц
ҡҾ뿴ʲôӪ׬ǮʺҵӪ׬Ǯⷽ棬ٰǰͰ㲻ͨҲûи֮ˡҶˣģҲǿϻ⡣
һҪԣһҪ·һҪϸһȺˣ׬ܶӲųɡ
үӻ磬ӵȷʵȱǾ䣬úүԼ̽һСľãӻޱҲͦá
ٰ
ǿأ
ƭĻթܹ鲻ǳԶ֮ư



104 Ĵٰ
һˡٸɾˡٰѲζװذݸ˴׳
Ŵ׳³˿ʯͷ˰ȥ·ҡ
ûͣ
ʮϢ󣬴׳׷˳
ٰӹʱѾκζһƣϡ顭ȫӣԭĿ顣
׳£οٰһޡЩϻͭգ۾ҳģĿɲգڹ
Ǽһ׷ϳٶȣ۽硣
Ƕ
佫ߵº͸ĻˮƽΣ֪
ˣָԼõˣõҲϵˮƽˡˣӾ׳ˣˣھǰ;ɣƾͺڻľǸټϼӦ뾩ǲ
ʵں氡
ʲô·
ظ𣿡ʡʱˡ
سǣظٰص
Ųؼҡ
ôûᣬŵĻᣬҪĸȻĴȺӢ٣Ҳñȸޱȥޱǵõͣ˲ŻأҲҪһʱˡ

ٰǰһģ
ǿ֪Ķĳͷڿ˹ˣ˸գҪȥǼ١
һӣΪˡ
˵˺ãȥ١
Ƽ˲װ?жȱӣ
ûʲôסҲ⣬ʲôġ
ʮϢټٰԵģһЦûİ
򵥰ݣ˭᣿
Сϵ㶹¯߿һɽɢɷմˮĨһĨķɫơ
·߼֦ǲ¯һ֦ͷճڻҺһǺڻҰüëӴһ֣ͷոһ룬ٰͷš˸٣ѡ˸յûص˷䡣
˿̵ٰٲȻǸ˴硣һʮꡣ
ЧֻӦˡ
ڡݡЧ⣬ǾͲͷ¶ˡ
ӶùУٰһҪԷ
Ұûкõط˾ͽǽ·˸̯
ζпɣªʳʹס
ƹ˱Ϊٰ㲻˦ˣҲȥ
ǻСٰˡһԵĺ㡣
ûмҲû߰˻Ƕ⽺ͻ
˷±ţ⣬ʾǸ´ǳԶٺõġ
˶һٰۣĸй۸Ǻ˲١
ҵĶˣ
Һˡ͹ظ·ϾҶӣ˳һơˣߡ⣬Сٸҡ
ãԲƣлˡ
ҡ
Ӻѡ˳ϾгԶһеȶĳûɻĳ˻ǲ١볡˹ע
ٰһʼֻվԷ˭ۣҲȹ۲һ
ȷʵԼ˵ҲƵˮƽ
ȻЩ£аŵġ
ʹ׳һʱ´СֻӮѡ
ѣٰѡС
⣬ȴȫӮˡ
ƾš
һѣӮ
ٻ
Ӻ󣬼ׯұɫ϶Աٰ࣬ӡ
̫עĿˡ
Ŷ
ӣٰ֪Ǹø˻Ǳ
Ѿ֣ǶʲôʮӮߵ˰ѡؼȫ̼ɣ޼ԡ
ׯҶ
ܹһʱӮһʮӡ
鷳ٰʮׯң˵Ȳ衣ׯҵɫźÿЩ
Ǯл
´ôòֻӾҪˡ
´λķ¡
̾㼯֮أﻹǡĴ󡣡
ߣʲôοʲôҪǷ
Ц⻰ҼҲ˵

ҹĻ£ӳϻصӡ
ٰû뱩¶ϻңᷢ˳ԶԶţ·ؼҡ
ǲϣǰū
Ǹҵģݼ˺͵
ޱ;˵Ը֪Ĳࡣ
ȻݲϢͨ
ûظٰһһȥĴ֮¡һ䣬漰ĸˣȫйءʱݲüëˡ
˸ңٰ֪δءظĴҲûأϽⷽȥѰˣµĴȵ
ӢһηСǵҿֱĴǶɣݲ֪СѲϵһĴǸƣߵ˥¸ǳ˼֡
һѽĴҪڣȴˡ
ҪӢ˵ӢҪôҸϽϸϸҪôһ䲻ţȥٰˣʱκνҶܣ



105 ʲôǴ
ӢסѹҲֽס𣬺ܿˡһУĴҲһһʮȫ
ݲôҲû뵽ȥ㡣
Ϊ첲յĺöӣݲ豩ŭƽһΣһƳűӺ˹ȥ
ݲʲôһƣӢ˲
Ĵ۲ѣĨӢΣѾܵͷˡŰ棬Ҳѵˡδ򣬻ү顣
㿴˿̺úվʲô£Ҫٰɣ
Ӣ޵ҲΰӵΪ˳㣬Ϊ˸ʵûбѡ񡣡
ұ죡ʲô·ٰ֪㻹ôˡٴ㳤ͼ
ǴӦ̫ӸǰΪԣӦ˵̫ȥʺǰǰɣЩа˼ѧҵϾЩŻָ㣡
ٰ㣬ѪףԼƣƷвˡõûѧᣬѧͦʥ鶼ȥˣģ빬ӵһӦݼҵ

Ӣߵأˡ
ӴˣԸ𷣣ô˵ȴˡһΣΪοϵԣǸҰһģһƷвˣأΪ˸Ůܲ˵Ůǰ̺ʧ
ӻȥʰ㣡
ݲһĴȸǰİ״ɱ
㣬Ӣ£ģ֪֪
ģȻ֪
֪ǷŮӣȡٻμҵĺôˣݲһݡ
үûе£д˼ʱ˵ʱֺαһڻؾ
ΪҲӦΪһѾȷ㣬ٰĻаš²㣬˷ǳֶΣ
ǣ治ǡ
ĴȼֱҪˡⶼĴ룿ľԴôתô죿
һ磬ʲôûһֱڸɨβ֮У϶亹ˮһһ󣬷跢۶ˡǵп˵壬ǵӢԿˡ
ֻܺݺݷһġ
ݲֱֱһ
ôأ
ûأ
ĴҲһҵʱæңæӪӡ
ݲ΢ʧҲ֪ȥǰȥ
ߣӽ̲ãҲסǰôܾӵģ¶𣿡ȵȣûӣԩ޳ΪҪȥư
ݲɫͻһò㡭⡭
үʲô˼
ĴҪˡԸŮܶôǰϧðŵصķգֱԾܾ˶Էʾ⡣̬ȣûп޾ͰˣˣҵһƬ˼ؿɼ
ǲǹģ㾿ǹϴμŭأٰǹף˸һױһס㣬ҵĴգٰ٣òأٻӢܵص
ˣˡμҺͻģܸ˰ɣ
αȻʲôǴ
㻹Ǹĸ׵𣿡ݲŭˡ
Ǵһܾί޿Сһ뿪ˣ»ؾʮûйλʹǷҳΪβһһأʹǰǷˣΪβҴžֺͲ뿪ˣֶû뵽
ɽ·᫣Σգ㵹ǰģðǲǰͲ·ϳʲô£Ҹ㣬û¾Ͱˣ£Ҳôˣ
ү԰ꡣٰĻûظ𣿡
ⶼʲôȫԼ£ĴʵίΪƺԼֶûܣԼɩɩˣйȥǸ첻µزµҰѾͷ
ݲĴԴһ
ȻĴȶݲⷬЦ֮Ǳ¿˵ʲôί֡ЩٰСȻĴȴֻܽݲмͿЦʱ¡
ٰ˿δأĴҲû뵽ġ֮Ҳ֡ΪȻֳȫ𣬸Ϊʵκ˶ٰİΣ
ûأ
᣿أ뿪²ʱˡ춼ˡ
ĴȻˣ˳֣øϽ·ȥѰϸϸȥѰݲȴ̬
˹ˣˣҵŮԼȥѰġֻңǱ߿̸ˣ
ˡӺȥġŴ꣬˺Ժ뿪ġΪ棬»ᵱû
ɣȻô˵ȫӢμСӶô¨ӣμҽˡȥƺ󣡡



106 ֪ͺ˵
԰
Ĵҭؿڷ£ͬʱҲü
ү˲һֱŰ٣᲻֪
ʲôҵˣ
ݲ谲˼ڸңٰȷʵɸմӸҵõϢϡʱٰޱ뼸ͬУѹûǸšٰʱ뿪¶֪
ٰŮңݲûеõŮٰŮʦҲ˽ģŮȫģȴҲһֱֻĬϻٰһ롣ûаٰ
ݲ轹ޱȻ˸ңʹСɻ󣬸߲˸ǰ
ٰǻƳϣһȺūŴӵŽ˸𸮡ݲǵһӸҳӭġ
ڸǰ㣬Ǻġ
׵ĳС£ˣ
ֵ˾֪λ֪
ϵ˿ٻأðڵһȺ˻𼱻ǣ
õŭգĴȵĸٴμ
һμ֮Ŷн׸׼ȷЩ
ٰ⣬ݲһӵʻ˲ȫ˻ȥ
ٰͷѣȫЬȹڣ͸Ǳˡֻۣۡ
Ҵˡٰһ죬Ҫ¹
ݲһ־ס
Ļеš֪ˡѾûˡڣ˲ŵġ
ݲһٰοٰŽƽϢ
ɻã
ֳٰһջأģһá
֮󣬵ͷۣһӣһӡ
ˣݲʱ뵽ٰݸޱСԣѽʱԴ㣬Ȼ⺢ӵʱȴ緹ûáȳԷԷɡȥ
лֱʰɡ꣬Ϣˡٰ֪Ժܶ˶ԶǸҹĴͣ糹׶Щ
ݲ˼棬øϽ׼ˮʳסˡ
һߺţߵˣ
ôȥɡͼƤˡ
ôʱ䣬㶼ȥĶ
Ҷڻؼҵ·ϣĶûȥ
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²ãһϴүݵ⳵ԷһΡ
ڲ˳·ֻ³֮ͣͣ·Ұ֮˺ͳ࣬һʱųɽ䡣ٺʹǮһػĳŻ˳ǡ
˴»ᱻץǻ߻ؼҵġԭΨֻ۸ң˼ǳ߻ȥס˸˺һ󣬷ָҲӵŸҳ֡
һٺ˵˵Ҫߡݲˡ
Ҫһֱţ¾ҵǶ¡ܸ㿸㲻Ҫ£Ҫġ
ϵ棬ٰǸжġ
Уߵ˭㣿
ǲǵ𣿡һ֪
ʲôôҲô˵ݲҲЩ¡ǵˡѾ˵
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ѧ˼칦һסҡҰ¿Ӻ󣬽˳ȥһӱ˰Ҵ·ӵˣѸհҵӢ˼ӵһߣһ˵ҲˡҵʱΪҵˣȥСɡҲȥˡ֮Ǳ㲻ˡǡ治ǵ߻ŵģ
ǡмˣ
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ݲü
ɻǵò
ûУء
ġݲҳһ顣ѵ
ѵʲô
ûʲôһ⣬ߵɡѹϳԿ
֪бҵˣһ˶ûռϡ۸ˡҵʱһŰԸҵֶζˣһһ١Ժô죿ٰ涡ҵӣŹҵġ
ңݲĥеڣ⣡ȥŵġԺ󲻻ᷢЩϢգһ˵
ݲŭ뿪ˡ
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ݲ費ɶ࿴ն췢Ĵȼۡ
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УӢģٰٰģҲҵˡٰҲ֪˭ƣԸ˼һ
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ֱֻ̫ܹʾԸеΪֳ֮ȥʻúö֮˼˫ñ㲻߶ˡ´ټ棬ԴӸⲻǡ



108 һҵķ
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԰Էˡ̫ӼȻӦˣƾصӾԲٶ㶯֡޷죬ҲҶײ̫ӡֻһɣʵڲߡ̫ĿɽʺĲ̫ӵָɽԵžأӸ̫ӹá
̫ӡֻǷܣ
ܡݲѹɵӣΪ̫Ӻͻʺ࿴ٻ򡮷񡯶𣿺ܴһԭΪϵȨͻ϶ԵΡڼȿȨ̫˵мֵԸɡ
ٰ֪ġ
Ҳٰôƺͷ֮˵ԭ֮һһͨͷϣһ𣿾޿ܣƴȨǱȨͳĴȨҪġ
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ٰһڣӣȷʵˡ
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ǡҪġҪǸ⣬Ӣǽ㣬˵˵붯ҲС㿴Ű졣֮Ҳѵĸ̬ĺãƺҪͽ⣬Եã㲻Щʵʡ
ٰԵظ⡣
ԼȷʵûԼҺˣûݼ棬ûԳ͵ҪԼίԼ㹻ˡ

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̫̫һ֣ʮūΧסһףӳκֱӱס˼ǿ˳



109 Ժ
κϺξгôҲû뵽̫̫˰Ե֡
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μһܺáμҼﶼûϱӻֳ£Ҳĳ·ˣ̫ҪԹԹһ˱ɡ
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κû
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뿪㲻μˣݵɣǡТ

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ôĳëμҿɲҪһ飬²
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Ҫȡٰ⣬ҧֶԶֳһȥ
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ĴһºЦ⣬ݹһֽ



110 
Ĵȵֽ񵥡
մзǰΣٰǺǮģһֱڹ۲ٰС顣
ٰӹ񵥣¿һ飬ȴ񵥻˻ȥ
ˣ֪ձε裿˶ٿ˶˶ٿࣿҽֻ췭ظ˰ɣǷЩ߻ƤĹϣˡңһжᷢһ񣬾ҪҹҲ̫ˡһǴ
Ĵû뵽Ѿͷؾôֱӡ˼ˣԼƤ
ϣ׵ͷ涼Ǹģһһ㹻ϯκϯᱻͬȼݵĹȥ֡
һϣһ״ңֵܼСˡǸҲˣҲˣȥҪݲ𷣣ҪΣ
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112 һ֮
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ȻҪ裬ݼСҲֲԸޣȻݲɹûʣΪ
ǹӱʥ飬պÿԺúý̽㣬ʲôΪܣΪŮָʲôʲôǶС˵ġ
һֱȰ˵ĺô˳ɻĺôôСңͬˣкβãǶ˵ġ
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115 ֢
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ܴһϸмų֣ݲҲлûã̫˱żǸ
ݲԽĸ׵ĳ֣ĴȲӺȷʵ꣬Ȩ㽥ȫתƵĴϡ
ǵݲӭʥϵһθʱ㽫ϵİȫĴϡݲ費ڵʱ򣬸еìҲһ㼤
СһλʱףΪ˿Ϸؼ˱ɷ򶾴ֱȥҸϴ֣ǻǡ
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Ĵ٣ϵʱжҵϡˣòײŽȰء
ȻСȴڽסˣɷÿ֣СÿܸǶ¡ͦŴǵĸϿ಻ԣֻѰ̸
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116 ΪЩ£͵ļӸ
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˵ǰסǸԺӲ̫ɾ˵Ƿ˵껹˵ȥġָĲΪаԷһﻹǲסˡסȥٲˣԹ˲ϸˡ
ĴϸʰԺӣٰɲҪֽţҲסķǵĻʹࡣסȥ飿
ĸĲȫĴһڡѾͷݲвһԼӦҲͨݲԸĸҲԴӦ㡣ǰ㿴Ӧסںδ
˱𼱣͵ٰЦ𡣡ͽѡԺӣҲҪס
ôˣҪãסһ𡭡ٻմմķ񣬸˿ǵĽ
ҪòòųϦദһϲƧأҪ̫ˡôҲϲݲݡȻ˵ǶĽǵأŬŬЩãʱסȥǼ٣ٰһҪĴ²档
˵Ҽҵġ
Ҫģѧ䡣ÿҪᳳ㣬ẦݲݡʦдҲȭۣҽ㲻ϲǸҒԺҲڡȻһǼ֣ҲǿõġѧǾ䣬˵ǰͷһѧʱ̫û˵ŵǸĸҸŲ𡭡

ԣҪסȥƧءطԼѡкԺı߽߱ǽǾͳɡҪʲôĲãסͺˡĵסҲһѡˡҵԺӸʱʱӦһ
أĴԽԽͷۣһΣˡ
ߣҵԺҪţ͵ǸǽҿСţֱͨ⡣ԺӾͿԽ
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118 ȥʮ
ӦˣҲͷ
ǶҰƽǷӦˣͲţٰơ
Ĵ˼һͷ
ɣͷȻ˵ʲô
ôڰˡ
㲻˵һ𣿡
ոڲ䡣

ڰˣҽ˭ҲҡҪʲô˭Ҳš˭븮Ҳ衣ʲôϯǿҲμӡһԼԸΪҲһ˭ҲǿҵԺ˭ҪҲ۸ңӢȨκ˽ֱͣӽӳԺȥ
ھţǼӹˣĽζ²ʺǡҺ¯Ұסѡ˸׼һҺĳԺȣԼˡﲻùҲø𡣡
ĴȵûЦһڽһڲסعѹ»ԽСٰѾͷһ㣬һȫǡ˵úǻظʵȴȡظľɣžԼκνӴ͸档
ӵŮǽŵ
ѾͷݣԽԽֻꡣ
ֻҪͬ⣬ҲԴӦ
ʮٰٷЩ
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ٰ´ЦʮȫʮôҲôոʮ
˵ҪҺͽһͬʣ
õԤٴǣ
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ĴȺ˰
ķȫջһļöȣɸе
أ㣬ҡ
һʮĽѴͶ࣬ĸʮһ¡븮ˣһһ¶ʮλһ¡ﲻһҪһΣոλˡһʮΣ
ĴȾ֪ˡٻƽƽϱӴ̧٣Ҫ٣ûˡ
ĴôҲ벻ٰȴһ¡
˵Һÿܹʮӣ˼ɣ
ϾڸԺöȶԼӡ㹻
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Ǿͺá
ĴһЦ
ٰ۳ǿպһ룬Цô֮ܲܰǰȲҺ
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˵Һÿʮ֪ׯϣҺֻ˸ÿʮӵķҲ˵˶ʮһǶʮͷȥβʮ㡣Ǳǡǧ˰ٰʮлһˣҸĳ⣬ȻܽƽϣĨ㣬ǧ˰ӣô˵
ٰϵЦĴѾѹסһվ
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Ĵ˵Ĺˡٰã罫Ѿͷץѵʮˣһſǧ˰ͷȥβĨ㣿ⲻƽϣԼǲǻллĴȣ֪ǧǶһ𣿿һլӣ
ȡ֣
Ĵȸû뵽ٰȴһ𣬲豭˺ü£ˮҲ˲ٳĴһԸҾ͸ԸҾͲأ
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εҲ磬׷һȫܲˣڿ˵ֻҪᣬֻҪ㶼ҵҲ㣡̬ϷͷˣҲ̫˰ɣ
һȡΣøҽﲡ㡣ݶף㺦ںҲ㣡ҺںΪһӣȼ䣬ƾʲôһٵԭӣ
ҿļ˺ѾɣԸһʹǼòʨӴ󿪿ڣ˵ǵ˱˻ԣ
ٰһӣһ߿š
ֲŻؽ˭˭עӣ
˵棡ҲǿǿԸܣȥ׼ӡܣͰҺﵱɵҺˡ߲ͣ
ٰɲӣ˦һﳤȥ
Ĵ˫淢ףҵĲ²ǿסûʹȥ
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λһֱٰçײһ·Ĳ١ŮΪ񣬵ÿһԶұܿǵȫǶй֮
ٰȷһü˲١
ĸ޳һʮˣףüһ졣
ݲ֣һϻûУֻǸٰҪΣԸ֧֡
̬øΪ⣬Ϸֱԣ˵Ҫ֮ףмصޡ
ݲؿͷʾһ㾡ȫúñĸŮ
һУ¶ʮ
¶ʮһٰҵһԱܽϣҡȥĴȴµǼӡضпɣط
һӾӪƽȣûʲôҲûʲôծйоأһʮӦò⡣¡
߹ʱŻظһĴȸո뿪
Ĵٴεš
ٰ˯˸һʱų֡
Ĵȵɫѿ˵ҽš
ĴȿżɽֱԳӣôࡣ˸ϵ˱ٰ˸һӯϵĻӣȷϴ˿һֻӿתܳģҲһʡ
ٰͷŶһ
֪Ĵ档
ε»ףϸһܹҲСصȵȣ俴벻ƣ֧Ҳ٣Ȼӯ಻˶ӡ
ȻٰҪģĴȵӡ
ǸǷģԷǴӲͺϸǳԿѵ˵ģ˵ĺ͵ҵĵ⣿ѵֲ⣿ҪԿģֵң
ٰЦΪβýӢ˱ôҪôҸǰⲻϹء˱ٵģǷ˴λͣ뽫ܼȨңǰ㣬ҿԿЩӵģ
ٰں۶ûؿĴȡ
ȷʵĴӣ֪Էĵס
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ǰĺҲǣ˻ɳϦദȴ֪ٻǮˮɰûбʱֻҪҪģμҾûв뷨ӸŪġ
ôǮ
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Ĵȼٰĺ˵˵ģֻԼڶţ١Ȼģֻп͡
ٰ˱˰ϹĴȵ棬һһų
ĴȿģڸٰãԵʹ죬ֱĴÿڿࡣʱʱ޳һĴһ߻ӿһŬѹ֡
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һͬ𣿽ͷ棬ĸµİɣǵλ͵ģҲֵǧɣû뵽͵һƫģһʱҿɵøú˵һ˵ĸҲ˼öģҲ֪˭ϣҪҪõȥơ
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120 Ҫ뾩͵ļӸ
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ĴȵǧԭһǧТҳģλôҲա˵˵˵λʱǧ
ӣǷҪջԼӪʲô
¶ʮߣٰһ뷨ȥƹȻҶȴûš
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ҳȥʱǶλүһȻò棬뿴Ƿ紫ǰ㿡ڶΪϴ˴뾩Ҫͻ飬˵Ϊеƽ
ޱٰ׻Աһ䣺ƽǳΨһ顣үڹ񣬻ϸ书ŮΪƽ
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һ׷һ֮¡ʶ·߲Զˣֻųŷܣ㵽˳ߡ
ҲݲȷϣڲδܴԺԳͿֻǾţʵԵĳײ
ͳҲһ߽ͣ˵ᣬһһһĹӵһӡ
˶ڴЦ
ԭˡ
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ǸΪǸóһ̾ͭ嶼û޹׷˽һʱĹǸ˼֡
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ݲһֱϸϸλү
ϸ壬׷ۣһδ˪⣬Ͷ㶼Ʀ࣬һǽݹ˵ġȻǸ竰ܼһɫలһ۳ҽͣƫôϸƤĶӣҲǿϧˡ
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лģΪ֤ͶĹЧԼǣలĹ񣬱లʹһ١
ֻдల֮أ˲֪Ļ¡
ŵ㣬ſһƱ췢̵Ҳˡ
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ĵȻ¥ǣøİͶµƥľ֮һӸ뿴Ϸɽȴ˲ԡ˵ȥһƾӡ̵Ŵˣȴ޵ƻ
竼˷ǽ룬ԺпտҲֻ˴󾪣ѹֶԷôõԭǺװ
ΪҪװΪҪ˹ΪβƻβĺܿǺ˼ϸǺ뿪ȥţʣ˵ס
Ժ˷競֪竴һ壬ֳ˼󶯾ǽε齣ͽԺ״֪Ժֻֻܲʶӡ
Ͷ˴󹦣ܲ˵һߡָһѻ
׽ٱʱ׽ˣǱضһϸһ򾡡
һȺΪ˱ʱ䣬һ
ȻƽĹҲͽˡ
లҲˣҲˣƫʲô赲λүԺֵľͷలǿ׳లؾƽȽƿأӵĺҲͲôۡ
ݲ֪ǰలᵽûʵۺúðŽ̵һǫ̬ȣûʵġ
ݲ۲ڣ˱г룬Կ١
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124 治ͳ
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뾩йҪƽָ֮£ҪķӦ
ȻҪǿӲĶܻݡల˵ñصĶϱ
ƽأȴֻͷ
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һలٲʵۺͳƽСһ֮ôలҲǻʵ۵ĳһ׼ƽϵ׹ϵలһǾ
ȨҲһలŵλϵñǣơ֮󣬿ϵһöӣȴɺͰ취లһҹϵ
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ԣʵ̽ల뷨һ㣬ԻʵûôһԸĿƵ»ֹ뾩ôʱʵһж
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֮ԻԼǸũׯΪٻΪ̫ӣΪԼӦֻǸ⡣
ٰʱ뵽һǰ֣˲âڱ亹乶¡Уۣȥúۡ
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Լһһ֮ᱻƭˡ侫ϸ֮ˣ³çôٰһϸˡ
ð취⣡
һڱ̬Իʵ۵Ĵͻûǵûģܺ棬Уеδޡ
ڶڰ¶çײӣֲӣֱˬӣˣӣԳΪвల֮ΣҲΪ壡Ŭʵ۵ǡ
Լһ뾩ᱻʵ͵ıһӣ󲻹ߴ󡱣ŬԱ
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ôʱ磬㻤빬ˡ
߰ɣڶԤ
ݲŤͷʾͮλظ
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ȺٴλȻ
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Ⱥü㣬вṫӹУϳٰȻٰ
漴ֱЦոգλү˵ʲôͷ쳹ǣҹдӪײʦ׵ܣײĸٰలӿоǷףֹǺһһεȺЦȤ
ݲСӶŮñһʱŭε
Ǳһ߾ϹǸһ߻ȷǷ¶ԡǺ޶˵ıٴ¶ɡ
һ϶Ĵ𸴺첽ȥ
ݲ˳ֻǿѹŭʾͮϽٰߣֲ׼
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ˣݲǿ˳鵶֮ģһȥֱ˺ü񣬺֣ôȥŮԭ㲻ôӿˡ
ŮǰýǿëƤ˻ȥ
ү㽫˼ʱżү飬ٱһˡ
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126 Թɱ¾
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ǵãƺͻȻ˵껽ӵָܱల֮Զս²ϣలӼЭ飬ýϵս»ȡصļֵһʵӱϱΥ̫үӷ²ı⣡һ㹻Ϊ󳷷Ļ
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һܱԴలؾսͣӣ껵ϲలȴػͨţҲϸϵĹʡˣһ֤Ҳˡ
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ڵ֤õġʵһʥּ˰ֳڵѲʹలص顣Ȼڱ߾ϣһǧȴ˼ɱһǧˣһа
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Ȼ´ܺλãల˵Ǳ˴Ͷ·ĽƱߡ
ڵֻ赭д͵
ԼҪѲӵġѲʹзգ֮ԴӦڣϵϣϣ֮н֮ģϣڵѲ˳లء֪δϢ黹ûȫ౱֮أ˰ɱɼ⡭
ʵలϭһ̱Ѿˡǰ֤ݵ٣˿̵ǰ϶ı
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ûжս£ٰڵĴ˻ΪలǻԵеľҷ


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ǱȻలƸ⡣లһֱϵȫͷҲϣûؾ˶ĳҲˡ
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˵ĶˣȫУϹᡣΪ˴ǣΨһĵ뾩ǣȴ˶ӡԲӣȷʵ档ȴΪ췴ΪûԸûܳ׸ӣźλĲɱ˫ۣһʳܽܣ˽˥ʱֽңս࣡
֪ԤԻ䣬ȴĪ˲С
һվǴꡣ
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˵˶꣬ﻮ˶ļƻʵˡӽֶһʡҪΪǧۣҪʷᣡ
Ȼϲ쾳£껰ҹȴ̤ܲʵбƣ߱ŵ˯ǰȰ㣬һҹҪ϶ء
ʱֻٰΪ龫ǣշ˿ȴǱһζǿ־鰡
లݲʱ䣬±ƺٵطڼҲйν棬Ȼ򣬿ɶԷȴ̽ԵĽ档
ల֮ƽȣ֮Ϊʵ۵Ĳֿʼʼݲˡ
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Ȼûãలؿʼ̫ƽ
£տʼЩ˼ɣڷѫҳ̸ֽԶǿս֮Ȼη塣һ͵ϮУֱӻ׽ᯣһѹء
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ݲͬ껷ǵܾļбȨ
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ڣǰ״ҪЩ
ٰԼһơ
ԼҲҪıǰֵģ˿̿ܺʡ٣Ŀһµġ



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ܿ죬ٰս̷׷ɡ
»ȨȣŹڸոͣսδԭڣǣ˺ü꣬һֱڻʵͬʱܣͬʱʼĿŵ̲ء
ʵæңսͣ
Ӽҳһţܿٴ˺Э飬Ҳѹ
ٰδһܱ꣬ս꣬ѣһͳ
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129 ҵ˷
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һġŭ䲻ģٰƲ졣ΪΪ˶ԼڵȻǹŵһ
Ȼʵ۵Ǹҷһ˽ȴЩʺҲΪѪ׵ֵĹػձһһȥలء
Ĵ³һ˵˸ٰȥһۣ˵ǽҪѾԺӶ˳ҾȫλĸŮܻˡ
ٰ̾Ĵֽ֮죬СɴԼȥۡ
Сɻٰӵʹͣ˵ٰԺУѾͷѾһķ
ٰߺߣĸǴ󷽡
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ڶջУ㱻һȺȥԣˤ˵˵߹ǡ
ҪƺúϢջԼլлڹӣ˵Ϸӻȥ˾ǵһ¥¥ͷգһȺһֱֵɢ
ʱ˵ָ֮Ӹ
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130 
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Ҿ֪һϳҡŵһ䡣Ѹţа˵ģЩ΢ľһ˸ġӮˣ
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ҶԲס㡣ĸ׼һëƤһ׺ëǶҴ׷һ²Ŵ򵽵ģΧЩԼðɡʵҵҪ㣬ֻ뿴ϳûУ
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ʵҵ̫ʵεĵ׵ܵܡలأһֱҵҵûκηġలԽԽ뾩лҹϵԽԽζȻ½һ⣬ҲҵŬˡ
ҵ֣ԭȵ۴͵ģǡֻʵȻָչ⣬ϵһȵ۵̽ҵӣ뽫ĳڡ
ڣָө棬ָӫ⣡ө֮⣬ԣб̬൱ˡȵӦģ˲ҡҵ뽫లصϽޱʮ
ȥֻʮȻలȴǺôһƬءˣలСһȦలزõһƬҲϸˡҪģǵܸˡҪֵĻǱˡ
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㣬˾ҲҵؿʮİȡȻۿҳֿʼˡʵҪңȻ
ϴ뾩յϢ̫Ӽڳָ˷ΣϳȥջطأᵽӵԴ˵ɵй˵Ϊ˵һջãξ𷴸᣿



131 
ڵˬ죬ֱӵ
ǰ뾩Ǵ̽ʵʱǱµϾ߶ɡȻ뾩ûãʥϱʥּలȥˡͬʱʥϷųϢҪҴͻ飬ʰ̫ӣòϽȥ
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132 
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رһ˿˵Ĳɵⲻ˭ܴǽֱӾ͵ùȥ˺ˡ


133 ӳȥ
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Ȼ壬ȭͷҲѹǴ˿̿ض֡
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ī飬ʾ£ϣ
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װɵһšӲǡμ˵㡭ɫƣǴ㡭ȫҶͷϡʺˡĴȣɶǡ죡
ͷдᣬָī꣬ʾĸ˵ʵ˸ӳȥ
ǣһīӱ㱻Ƴȥһ롣
ǲ㣿һƳ˳ȥ˵¾͵ȥιˡ
ҡʵڲ֪ӵָΪΰ
ӳȥغ
𣿡صĸЩԥ
ȥμ˵ɫˣǾ棡ҲǽѵԼ첻ˡԼ滹ҪҪˣ
𣡡
ĺͣīĽͬʱֻĸݺһƣ±ű˴
ˣϽҰҥԳˡ˫ץӣвġ³
ӣĸһҺ
죡ࣺ³
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ˣΣֲûɱˡˣôμ˻һԼˣ
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ǵˣĿôμҲ׷Ҳܵû


134 㲻²
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Դ󾪵ͬʱҲĻˣǡȥˣ
Ҳɣԭĸī굽ʱ·ȥҲˮѵʲôΣա
֪в˼䣬ʾʱ±аڶɴˡǲ֪µ߱ѾҴڵī굲סǰ㲻֪
īˤȥպͷ¡ˤòɣͷİڶɴͷϡ
ī˵˰ڶɴǰһѪŻ˰ڶɴϵһ͡𣬾ϸļҲˡ
Ƽī¹̣סǵʹˡ
ҲѭŷѰȥƼ˰Ŵˡ
ȻиģƼǴڻīɫѡ
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صŭǴӴ㱻
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̫һ˵μˣҪִԲٻĻ£ֻó
ˡʱͣ˺вÿٱͷҲѹˡɻ²Ǵٹ˾Ǻ𸻻Ҫ̸סο˴ĻƲ?
̫ӵ˷֣ԽǷϢ±ԽǺķģĲʱ󣬻»˲֪ɱˡ£ƽЧܺãǻ϶ˣЩ˵Ŀȥ⣿
̫ӼͷԣٰæҪֻ֡˾أԲ֮ܽ³ʾڡ⡱ϡ
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ճϣ±üʷἰɱһɱδһ
ϹȻ֣ҰӰۺͷ߿ܺ߻ǰϼУ˹ȻŶ֣˷ָ
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ôܣزȥ𣿻࡭
صȷȥġ֪鲻ãԾɫԺױԼҽͼԱڶ㵽Ĳ㶼Щֿس
ϯ䣬ҵ˵˼䣬˵˵󣬸ڰ䱻ˡȻ⻭ԽϼǮԽߣĲǿհ䣬ѡ䳳ֵİԣʵҲãؼҵ˵Ǹֻȥˣǰһ䶼ҶӻҪһ䣬ǷŹͷˣô˶Ŀĵġ
ⳡǶҶΪģһΪలٺ޴ŶӶµġĻ⣬ֻΨԵϣҵģԵʱ˱㱻ҵ˶ˡ
ȻһŲ飬ҷֲ¥¥±϶Ǹضȷؽ¥󣬲ָҪ˸ڰ䡣ֻЩˮźŮˡҲһŹţ͸Ź졣
ò׼һأͣҵԭƻ¡ڷĿģȴŽաҵͼװţҲֻļŭû˿ţԶЩ˵˲С
ǰΪʵʩƻһֱعơʱѾȵ߷ھʱܳмҺ棬װ֪ȥһΣȴ˸ڰ䴫ļ佻̸һȷϸ˹ȻڶԸ
ʱұ˳䡣Ȼҵȥ֤ʵˣھǽǱʱöۣӦͨ۹۲죬ȵȥʱеĴ̼
֪˭ˣ
뿪ҵҲһֱԶԶš㲻²¿ָһǱӸת


135 Ӱν
ٰ˼±˼ƽϡ˵²Ϊ£˽ǰģԼݼȼˣֻʣμˡμ£һıԶǵģ˭ȥðŵķڣˡ
κϣ˼
ǣһ棬ȵͣ¡
κϻһԹŭûμѰйֻԼ취
ļƻӦǹΪ㣬Ĵֻμй¶ܡ㣬һưոݡ
ױ֮áĴȶ֣ıҲǳɹǶμϷ֣ҲڳɼֻϷ˳Կ˸ͷͶŮܴϢڸеõȨô׬ġ
һ˸סأҪŭʵ㲻ðôҲ벻ɷ򣬻ڻϣصһ֮ˡ
ԣʵԭļƻ
ȷʵݺҪֱֻܽ֡ԭҵһʱ䲻֣ұֻǴǹҧ̫ӽͷöӰǵĽ̲תضĵ⡣ֻû뵽Ūô
֮ѡΪȥ֮ءϴΰ̽μºҲʵעһ¡ϴ֮κϿЭʵвʡ಻ԸֲöκϽϼξ˼ߣǸûģͷڹꡣסÿٽӦԸ˻
࣡
ǡòȻ˹İ࣬ԵҰǰӵݣϲ̫еǹ˸ӹ͵·ߡͬɫźӷ磬ȺСƣСõĸŮüȥһӡκȷʵ֪ÿ˻졣Źһ
ʧȺشŶμ˵Թŭڴͷ֮࣬һ˳¡Ҽŭ˰֪Ҫ£һ竸šƶˣһ壬ȫȥˣǸһϷһֱԶͼУһ͵ļһײţץ˸š
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ǡҲ
ȷʵҸûʲôҪݣ޼ɵΪǳô¡һüԼαؽһ䣬Լݶһ㣿
κҪҰ㶶ȥ𣿡
ô
Ҿòáκμңʡ
šٰҲôáκʵҲܺߡҪԼֽкòǡ
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յϢ˳츮ˡ
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˳츮ô춯Ȼǻʵҹζʾ⣬ʱԽԽ׷ִ󡣻Щǹ׶ۣҲûˡԤϡ͵һߣв¶
ͷ˵ǡ½ˡ˵īܣīʧµĴһж⡣ҪҲֻǱۡҲʾԸȫϲǸ˻ñʾǶԶܣǼˣŻᱻᡣûı֮˵ҲԸ»С׷һ£˭ٱűǷ̰ˡ
ٰҲź
ءȫˣ
˳츮ûȷӦҪȿϵ˼ˡСĻע˵ȥ
ڸٰ衣
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Իڹ˽֮ɻءټϰ˻˵ýѾʼؾˡϾ껵ˣγһҲǶһ
ԣ»ǶǺ棬ǴĿˣ԰ɣ
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ȻҲвȥ⼸յȥʵ̫ǰƶƨ˳㽫жϼϤϤ
ص³ͿҰĵĻˣҪбµģ˴ξô˻ᣬԽصĹϸϸһǡ˰࣬߰ѱƱز١һ̫ˮкѣҪˮ¿Ҳܽˮȥɣ
ڲ̾
ֻϧԼʲôʱֻں߿ţţҲ֪ʱдչȭ֮
ڣѡĻãۼ˸֮ˣֵһʱð˽ɱ֮ɢ˱˽۽ʱȻЩصĲ
ضһʱҲQҪ棬ڶ¶ˡҲ֪ǰ˻ܲУҧҧҲԸͷǵ̫үæӦμҹϵǽͷöˡ͵Ǹ˻Ӵһɡ
㿴ð˻ӣٰץ⡣˻ӡͣǰһȳΪ̫Ӷ֣ϸȴûܱQ¡֮滹̽򣬿ɽأ
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లأలգܰͺá



136 ٰؼ
壬ĴѡĻƵգٰҪؽˡ
¶᲻ãϷ˺͸ϸǻᡣ˾˺;ĸǧޱҲٰϷ֡
ġԺÿջһˣҲÿ»һεġĴȵסңҷޱҲ޿䣬˾ֱȥңԺСţŵĶԼˣ
ĴȴӦٰԺֺٰ㽫ֵ鷳̫̫
̫̫˲ˣִ˼λѡ˼˸ȥ󣬻ǲģʱԼźǸٰ
ĵ˳ģҲûʱСǳ죬ǿѾͷĻϸģչ´ࡣ
ٰƴǣ̫̫ᶨͲСҲ㲻áͱˡӢãֻûˣŰɡ˳ĵԼյ
ޱҲҪѲƽٰ£˵òƴԼٰߡ
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ޱֻһ۱ٰ֪ġ
ǾޱӦҲϲġɫġ
ǰƹٰ޻Ҫʮ裬һϸȷʱֺ߶䣬ζٰüĹ
ٰ֪ƽƴڻܿģʵĵֵҲٰ
ޱҲ벻ԼΪٰʲôٰϤʹ˵Ĳưڵٰչűˡ
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Ĵǵβ֪˴޷ҪҡУؼˡ
ȻٰŲĴȵóѣֱӽ¼ӵĴȺμѹεİ˳Ʒ˸ңǡӡ͵ؽɢˡᳵװֻ鱦ϼͳֻװ
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ڽǰĴһֻͷʱ沿ƤҲ˺ü¡
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ٰһʱĻ㱣Ϊص˵ꡣ
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ٻǼӭȴһĴȵǰ
ƽĸǣȴǹ´һȺ˵ſڣЦĿͷף
ظСȴǰͦء
ĴݼٽæµǰݼȴĴҪȴš
ҪģǰĴȷɱˣ߹󷽵ȷĵĿȻôмҡҡ׹ƣҲһɪɪСա
ǰӹɣȻ˾޴ı䡣
ٰԽ⡣ı䣬ʲô
ٰҲǴ˾
ҪԺǡ֮ѡǶֻΪһƬǽԭһСţڸ죬㡣˵Ҫ䣬ĴȺܸӣȦԺӵطܴҲҪԺԼʰޣһƬյֻ˼
ϵԺٰԺĶߡҲٰҪġϣԺӰýǱ߲κܵһʱϵΨԼᳳýӰҪĴȼȱ˽ܻ໥ͨ
ǰٰҪȷʵһΪĴȺӻظʱ֮ģֻû뵽Ĵڶ̶ʮܽһаŵ˵ز
ĴȽٰҪСԺ֮䡣´˳˷Ժ˶ŲһȽԺٰҲ磬֮仹˸񡣼ϰģֳȫٰİġ
Ժƫһ֣лˮ˽СͤǰԺԶԺߣȲ߰˴򽻵ı
ٰע⵽üͷɣ֪ϲģҲ˿
ʵٰҲͦġ
һжҪ죬Χǽܲ͸ûʲôڵ©סеľԺǽ֮ڡԺǽҲҪһҪߣ
һԺиڣˣž͵֮ġǽԺ˭Ҫǽͷضᱻ֡



137 һ
ĴЦԺĿյҲҪˡҪôŪˣ
ٰҲЦ
ô
һҲסأ
Ĵ沿һ顣
˵Цءһǿһ䡣ٰĴֱԣˣδָκοӰ˺¶һμӡܴӦ𣿡
ȻºͳЦãЪšĶȥóԳԸúȺȡҪʲôֻܷԸʲôԼԸСоԴˮϲȥⷿȡʲôҲԴߣԼˣˡ
ϵһĴȵϷָٰܿ͸ϸ׵¡
ûֻԼģò÷ġٰҪ磬ﻹ紩ĻӦñ͵ˡʱٻԸ
лˡ

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ҹĳӸϽʼ׼緹ĴȼǴ߹Ҳûһϻ
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Ĵִ֪̽˸кЦ뿪ˡ
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Ĵ˵ˡ
ٰһĴ߿˿˷ʳʱȥȻҲšҲ
ǰǲη׼ԺԺӣܰȻס𣿡Щ
ĴȶֽдˡԺȫֵġʲôֽţұܹˡѾëңʱңǲԺֽŵġ˵Ϊ֤ף޽Ժʱ򣬻ǰԺ˲ٻæЩǵˡ
ȻҲ˱ٰۡ
ٰ˴Ӻȥȥƽһ˳˹൲͸ţʱҲһڼͻݶۣȥҲûʲô͵֮ڸ״ԤҪá
˴Сȥ˼߽Ժ䡣ţǼװģ㰲źˡ
СŸ˶أҿɷġЦ
󣬼˱Ժɢ˿ϸϸŲ顣
ɣ˷Щ˱棬שǽ棬ףǽ̨ưˮףȫһ飬ϸϸһȦ
ûзֲףҰס¡ԺÿʮգСĶһˡ
ãл
ˣתչ磬ǵ˲ŹҪԼСЩ
һԼעġ

Ҳû뵽ظܹУ԰˴ٰԺӳȥˣʼ׼
ٰһǼüëֱơʣѾԼ˷ǰ£϶úһ˵ҪˡԼȻǲʺڳǸ
˼ԼҪҪŪӵ
£ٰ˰ε£ѸշھˮϸԺСɣǺͲƣܸɻӡ䲻࣬ȴõ÷ģԽԽϲֲǽˣһü㣬ҲŴ
кӣֱӸ˶ʮӡ
ԺӳȥðһӺò˹һϺõĻ񣬲ɣԺҲ֡ԺӹҲ죬ԲǺúóһ١ʹġ
ϡϲЦտСɣ༸˶Ŀɿڴ
ϯԾƣһ
ʲôȥɣʲôóԵľ
ӾҪߵСɱһ޶סװɣŵһ죬Դڣ󡭡
µľ𡣡С浽
С˵ǣٰǺϲǵġԼʱʱȱľһ©ġҪȥС̫̫ۣܳһʱڣıˡ
ģԺ˿ɲҸҲʹ죡Уҵķϡǲ뿴ҡ
ӶʱЦǲֻСɻڿ׷ʡΪΡ
ֻٰýġ
ǱȴʣȥϷĸͷٳ԰ɣ
ٰǼһߡ
СһٰסСɡҪԺõģȸҰ¡ٰȥҳһӸСɡһˡ



138 ˭Ϊ˭
ǰ֪±ˣб֮һϺٰĸѹȥĲʵڲȥͷҲ뿴̫̫ԶŰ
ҲҪģǽձ㡭
ţˣȥͷ̫̫϶Ҫ
磬Լ
վԼϷһɱ磬ŭͦõġͦġҲã
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СɺٻǵһˣٰܿҪص㣬ǰʱͦأֺ
ӵϷѾ˺ܾˡ
Ĵձٰ֪͸ϽءĴ̸˺һˡһССסĴȸСŮӺͽ⣬ðš
յ̬
ţһһŮţͷһȻҪݼԼġ°ܽȲ˰뱲ӵˡǸٰ벻ۡ
Ȼȣ
ҵȣǲ
һֱȵ緹Ҳδˡ
£ûˡ
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ӸҲɱꡣ
ԽСãȥ
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Сһ䣬ٴˡһߡ
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ҼϱŰ຦úܣүҲ֪Ϸǲţү߸ūȥһۡӿͷС˷絹£ֻ½ۣһΪϷΪѡҼӱⲻȥˡ
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ϱǼ˺ü¡ѹĴԼףСѾͷһһбƳǸӸεѲˡ
Ĵ˵ò࣬ĴٰìҲǵ;˵˿̵ЩĴռ˵ԭˡ
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ȥתӣ¶ҪıТ˳û˵ʱûԼ˵յĵΪмɲҪۡ
˵𾢣ȴСͻȻһ죬һ֣һſ˿ڡ
˵Т֡ūȴһ¡ū澳Ұ˵ѧţҲ̫ǵ˼ʣڽѵҼӣҪҼӰүТСͷ˵ˣū´үȥʱᴫ󡣡
˭֪үΪһТֱѹôһˣ
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ǲһͷˡȻѲ
Ѿͷ˵ҲһͰźˣڿѧǱԼѾͷû䣬ڿҰԼɫǹΪǸӡ


139 
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ȻСȴ𣬷Ц
ǹ׼һ񣬻ϷЦɡ
ˣϷ˻񲻳ɣ
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ƳСֻƻӡϣգ㻹Ů⡣һεģְţһһĸоˣ
ΪˣûиŵĵֻʾǷȥ׼һݸٰĻ
СҲϲϲӹ񣬴ؿһͷԹȥ
ū澲ʶ֣͸Ϸ˵ľʲôū澸ճݣ˾޴춯ͷһƣֻϷ˽ֻжҵ˵ϡӶѿˣͿ¶˼顣
ūϷһۣؿ˳ʱʱʹȥĿܣװͰū澣ˡ
ٰЦ
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ٰһϷ˴򿪺ӺһۿȥǾģڶۿȥǾּСͳһȻԼ۱Ƽаӡǡ۴űͷŭˡ
ȣֵǮҲ̫ܣǵԼһһдžѵ⼸˼Ļƭһ
֮Ϸ˴ܿһǡľž䡣ڶǡزؾȴǱһ䡷
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ȻϷǿˣ
ٰϷ˻صǷ
Ӵġ
һֻӡ
ǳ˵㣬ڷǽġˣԼ
Сɣ⸮ԺΪ㣬ĴȺٻԼ׽ūšǲڣͰĴȺҵͷ㡣ǵ㶼ģ˭Ҳ˺ǣ

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ݲǰ˵۾ڶҪ֪̬ȣ˶ԸǵԺ
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ԼԷҴͼֳһףǨ
ɣ
ݲĻӦ̫ˬ죬ٰĿ¶ġ
Щȫ˰ɣݲ轫ʳȫѵٰҪǲ˲ðȥ졣Ӿ
ܺȾ𣿡
ҪʲôƣŮ죿ǹӾƣ
ٰҡͷΪ֧ԼǡԼҲϧ
ģҽֻԼԺţЦҿԼӢԲóԲ£ȥҲҭš
ݲҲٺЦδظضٸнеǡĹȥкܶ໰Ҫһġ
֪ˡôɣǲǰصĴ˵˵Ҷȥ̫ڣһظͳţٰ±ϣں˵նȥݼֲȸҴϢô㣬Ҳֻܴӵˡ
ݲٰ֪кޣҲûڵ˵
Ȼص̫Ҳڰ糯޿ɱسʸ֮ġ
Ҳ˳Իǿ֮£Ҳƭ˹֮һ߿Ծ֮£̫֮Ͷ׬֮ǣ̫ӣҲúصɾǷǡ
ʵ˳츮ȥͬʱҲǴ
Ǻݺһǳغ²ҵͬʱҲֹ󹬺ͼ̫ӡһв𡭡
μϱʾ⣬Ը»СԸ׷𡣡ݲ赭
ٰ˵ͷ
ԣնﵽһǵÿЩӵֶκ


140 棨ң͵ļӸ
һٰԺк߹ңƮ㡭
ٻһٰĸ飬׼һݾµĵǰ
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ٰܷ⣬ֲίԼֻܱŶӺӿȥ
ٰͷҲصıӰͷЦԺ󣬶ػضԸӿȥ
ٰԺеֳ˰ҹȻ֪ǾӵϷһˡ
ԣѾͷһظĳѾͷѾкݺݳԼһ⡣
ٰûͷ밲ϷΪԼڸнǵ棬㽫ٰԡۡڿ밲֮´˳ȥظһձظĺŭ³
֪ѹںңڣֻĸˣǲȥͷǲȥ밲ǲڣǹ⣬ѣԷȾ֣ûʱȥ밲
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ٴγŮǧѹû棬ˣ£ѾϢıˡ
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³ݲڼңĴȲŰ˳硣
ݲϣԼҺ˵ģĴȵһ£Сûؼҡ
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ڻūһæǰæǹԹһ߲ŮԺԲˡ
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СĿһʹɫݲûʸ硣Ǹ罫Ҽ޳ȥŵʱ֮ƣμȻ޵ļãŮǡȻҲ绨ӹˡ㣬߲ɵͲͣ׵ãƵ׻
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ٰ˵Ĺøܸɡ߸ӺһԣСﶼģ񶾵
ͷһƳŮʹ죬סйʡŮԼǿԼģҲѧһѧ



141 Ը
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±ԼĪ̨ϣǻЪʮа˾Żк֡ǲ֪ǻֹԼ磿˼
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Ĵץᣬֱݲ˵ٰĹء
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ǾԼȻٰˣֻ»ҪȫĻģƭȥѾͷЦģԼĪЩĻŰ
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142 Բ
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ֻٰãԵģĴȻʳŵĺáҪԱЩԱ˲ĸТǶλԼ̫̫θôãһɵÿסˣ
ҪϲԺһԡĴѵñٰһޣϽ롣
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һںյеѣò˵Ѿͷһ㲻ѾͷĿͷ˼òˣϣϣӢٻ沿ֱϲȻô̵ĿίίԣԵĿԶӲҪԣв̵Ŀİ
ϧ˶ŭԡ
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ӢٰϽһڣĻؼңỶϲúܡŽʦõĿδףЩԲ¡
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ĴҲͷۡԼһֱ飬ʲôûθڡôԣ˵ȡѾͷģֻ˵ӢҪӢһԲµ˶ܡѾͷ滵ˡ
ٰ˵ǡӢ壬ֻϰ䣬ԲԱôУռȻ˵ѧ֮£Էɲȥˡ˷ȷʵǴɡݲЦſٰǰ۵
ٰһЦ
ݲԸٰһֻ͡³֮٣ͬ˴˰ġڣ̫ˡӣ˵һˣɵǴ壬ΪβѾͷˣΪҪԵô˼һ
Խգ˭˷ѡЩ֮ףȫǺʳģǷһƬ⣬ȫꡣȻݲһ뷹ֲӢȫľܾҲԼһֻȵС
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ݲԼвˣٻ˸Ͻͷʼǰٶ֮죬զࡣ
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Ӵ͵죺ţǵҲҲò˶١ԡ㣬󣬲һȥѧ
ٻҪػȴֿԵ̫죬ǺʳܣܡſźͷһͷģϽȹСȥ˺̵߱ȥˡ


143 ϧɲ
㣬ʥ˵ʳ޲ӢһҲܲˡ
ʥˣֲʥˣٰЦ
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һ壬ŰѴŵһԷΪľ֣˵֣˵ΪԲˣĻҲоĻҲͼһ֣ǲǣЩӾͻЩƨЩҪˣĸҡͷβĸǾ⴩ĸǿ̸ĸǾϯﻰǸԣǳ
ٻջ⻰ּˡʶͲ²⣺ָɣڰ棿ô˵ôУ⻰ȥĸĹԸ֧Ҫʺأ
һżһţǺˣһȱٲͣݲһۡ
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űţĴҲ췳ˡȷ·ѾѡˣһҪᶨߡʲôҲǵǹƥȴһţμңѡ
еɲʲôǹƥ
̫ӣΪ壡һҪסˣ涼ţ˶ʤ졣һܸĵġҪԼгһհ֪ȥÿһֵõġ
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ԲԣԼǺͿˣٰʲôһ˴ˣﲻĴŬɢŹͷһ̾Ϣȴʱʱ˺䡭


144 ѵǽ̣ң͵ļӸ
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ĸҵĿͷѵҪֻͣߣǷ˺ͳС˵Ĳԣ
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Ҫ˵͸óĸôõĻᣬΪԼǡзЩ̶ǮƲܹ
ҡҲᡣý㣬˵Ҹô
ѻ⸮ԺԼƺˣԸѧžǡ
ý㣬ϸ˵˵ɡҺ
ҿԽ㣬˵ˣҽ̵ģɲ㡣
ȻȻ

˵һĻѾͷһѵѣš
ʱ磬ǳԱٰҲʳָ󶯡ע⵽̵ɫ˺ü䣬ҧ˺üεĴ
̵ı鷴ٰ̫벻עⶼС


150 ϵֶ
ٰܾˡ
ҳԱˣԣѣ԰ɡ
ãĸġƣϿˡǰ׽Ҩһ롣ˮǲʵʵ򹻣֡
ЦŽݵٰǰϽȳˣ˾ͱˡ
̣԰ɡ
С̵˵ͷҡҵķƷѡ԰ɡ
ٰϢһӣ˳ȥ
һûס
ٰ֣ߴһ
֣һţֻ˲ʮϢСˡ
ӴȻڸšٰ̽ȻȻԼ̫̫ҪҪͷžӵĹź
֣˼ôµģסõݣǺܲ˼ˡһѣҪÿҳԣѹߣ㲻ϲңԹҪҺõĹϵ
ȴǼһۿݺݶסٰ̣СˡѣǸλһʳõġλʳɣתǳ⣺ĸūźѣôһϽȥһ;ߣ
;һ
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㣬һһ롣ٰЦҾͳʣµЩĳ˰ɡ
ҡ
˵ճԲƷ𣿷ֶˣϽġ
ǡ̵Сʵ⣬ҨʱǰԼ˷ЦѵȻ޴档
ҽͬסһݣͬʳһǸø˲ǣʲô顣
㣬԰ɡҽճԶˣء
У㲻ҲˡǶɣ
ٴɵۣôõĶͲˣҪöǮһء
˷ѣ͸ūűǡ
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ôж

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΢֨ſһ졣
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Ͻһƣ߽̤ϱǰһֻ¯
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ⶫѵãÿ¶жϼҵ־òţܵλὫö˷Լϣ
ٰЦŰűߣŷƼиѾͷ˯
һһֵȥѾͷδӦͷ㳹ȥһߡ
ٰ׳ţҹɫǽǽǣץһϰ֡
ǰ
߱ڣѰ˵ͬȵˮ׼
ɾͽԺеӣϵ֮С
䣬ֵ˵ڴӷġ˯أ˳Ըɾˣˮûʣ㲻ôЩòϡ˵˷ʳҩ㣬¾ͺȸڣҲ㹻˯ˡӢô̰ģĻ̵ס
šǾͺá
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ߣʲôĺŮԼ˯ͷҺθɣҩϺõģӰ٣ҽҽҲܿȻֻҪֱ׳ĴȰкη壿
ҲǡӢ俿翿СʵڣֻҪСˣСģʱӺҪʲôɣ
ȥҵҩùձǼؿһֱƣʱʱͳʹ
ҪҪҪūҴһ𣿡
ˡ̰ɡҪ˲辯衣ǳѾͷϹҾˡϢһͺˡ
С㵽ǸͼŮϲ̨棬Ҳ̫ϡ
һ֣ܾȥյƣٸҰǸͷ
ǡ



151 ֶٰ
ϸٰ֮ЦЦ
Ȼһʼû´
ĴȺٻԼǺȣԲԼ빬ǲ㶯֣Ա㽫ϡ
ĸԼĹϵŹעǶ档ԼĸĹϵܺͽ⣬Ҳ㣬֣ʡ
˫֮ӦʲôסĪԲĪѧ񣬻ҹ
ٰ̽˼κ϶˲²⣬֮˳ˮ̣ȥһδθܵԭΪ϶ϱѡҪôΪ˺ĴȵĽҧ̣ҪôİͬʱĴȺ͵
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ǡٰЦòõĿҴ˿̲ˡô죿һڶȡ
˲仨ʧɫֶ㡭
ȣһڶȣϲȫ˰ɡ
㣬㡭֪Ѱ¶һֻȣתͳſڳȥѡ
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绨绨أٴһʣյУԼƻ˻
׻ǲ˫˴СԴ򱻹һǱߡ
ãһǲ
û֡
ֻߺһƬ͸ȥǰζҡϡ
һӰҡϣƻΰΰ
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ҪҪ
Ųˡ
һѷӣæҽŹţ˴ٴν˷֡
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ٰһţȴָǰһ
һƣ˱ȥһߡ
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û
Ȼй֮˶Űûôأ



152 ס
ٰкֻĳһҡΣ춯˷ֹˤ˴
÷ֱ߳ͷ˴ȥһߡ
ٰĺɫ泯⣬ȥҡϣɹϸŵŷƼ˶ڱк󣬱㽫żߣϨƣŻ
ٰٴε˵ƣҲϽȥ˴齱ߡ˷ӣһֻҵһСУ߻һ㡣
˵ٻġĴȱ²СĶҲõ֣ͨ˭Ūҩμǵϵٰƺûõҩȼ֮ˡһһš
ٰ룬ͷ
սңٰϵĴߣ˷
뿴μҿŵģǴϵĴͷ˲˵Ľ˵ҲǶ޴󣬻ǰٰʮһȴһʮĽС
Ϸ˵˲˵˵ȣͬݼҵˮΣɼˣȴФų˳ȥǣ
ٰƼ϶˶㽫ǰ̷ǿŵӽ¯ٴֽס˿ڱǲվԶЩ
ֻ˲ʮϢϷ˺ͷֱٴû˶ƽ˵Ƿֻ˺Чȷʵ
ٰ˸Ƿĵջ빬˯þҪ뿪뻹˻˰Ѽһ룬С
еţ˳̷˯ȥ
ûãٰˡ
ԭôҲǼ򵥡
СɵǰķԸʱ󣬱Ժ⳶ɤӿʼСǼСɤ˵ԺеٰǰԺĹŷ
ٰ˯пɣ̣һһ飬̲ų˲ڣǴ˰Ч湻ݣ֪һҹҲֻĵֶΣ
ϴֱٰŶһ¾Ժūš
һѾͷиմˮͭһ˵ء
һȾܣҪȥ档
ԺſūڳСɣһѾɨȥˣͷһۺ󣬽¶˲ŵı飬һۣūžǵһʱ˴ţ˫˫סţһҪסٰģ
ÿٰ䡣
Ҫ뿪ǲȸϷǣףǵļƻաҹӶĪ˯ԺУȻҲҵ˴𰸡
֪ǹӣҲң
ūСҪ뿪ǵʾϷˡ
˼ǣϷҪѺң
ٰһСɱˣϽ·߳ɤӺ󺰾Ϸ˿ѺС㣬뿪ûԼԺø磬˸ϽȥүϽȥӪȶС㡭ͬʱСɻ鿪ʼţСк
ٰūԼͷǺ˲ýͣҲҿץСɣֻһסţһš
ֵָٰҲǴ˴Ȼ׼˺üֶסԼŲɶ
յ˿̣һ죬뷢йˡ
ץ˸ëӱ󲽹ȥˡ
˭ңұ㲻ˡ
ȻūŻû
ģ
ٰˡ
žžž
ԸţҶԼֵūţĲѡ
ɱ̵еӴſ
ֻ˲ʮϢһȺһ㶼һš
Ҫ˵ֶλûָӴ֣ū;ʮ㡣
ⲻһתۣǱٴγ
ٰϼëѾѿˡ
һ߿ţСɿһۣѾͷЦһͷöˡ
⾫ͷǲ⾢ϽȥӣҪҽɵøϽˣǱȫˡ
Ȼٰһţ˰ܣҲԥź˷֡
Ҳ߿ʼСУ˵ӺͷֶѲ
ʲôѲǼ˼
һȺūŻûж㵱
ٻͷһƣϡ
Ű֮䴩
ã
Ҫˣ
ѾͷϽȴֻű׺ǰƼٰ¶һЦ
󣬴Žա
꣬һͷһϣԺ˶סˡ
ԺжʱСС
С˴ĴūĿĿͷ֪Ӧԡ
ҵأٰŲӣԳΪӵɡ
үһ빬ˡû°ɣūŻء
ٰͷ
й磬϶з˰׼Ÿҵ֡



153 һһ
ԽԽٰ࣬ǣ
ϷѺңӳˡΪ˲סΪ˳빬˾¡žģоҲ빬ģϧðŵҵķյģԿʲôȥ
ҳ˵ǰͷһưոݣҵҲһ׷⣬ҽǽ˻ʺ빬أԼáȻԸҵģҸ͡
ôǰأСϵ
磬Ҵ˿Ҫ뿪ǲš磬뿪ǶסЩʱ򽫽ն˭žӿҡ磬˭׼ʲôҪסҽŲģ͵͵֪ҡ࣬ͳͳ͡д͡Ȼ֮˭ԣ֪ģһڲ
ٰмëӺݺݳ徲Ӵһ飬ԭѱÿѵĵӶʱɢˣ˲ҷɵļë
һһĿӡǣ
Ȼᣬڸú棬ҲʡðèϱQ
ʵ֤Чͦ
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ٰԿףСﳤȥ
˹ٰ㽫Կ˽ȥ
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СЦǰϡ
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ȻҪģĴȼȻôУԼҵĴĸһҪһʱʰо֡ȻĴϵĽףĴȸø
ԸյĴȣùΰϱҩضðɣԹĴȺٻͬʱһҪϳԼĴȲҵԼҪ뷨Ӷݲ轻ԣ˰Լûѡ
ģĴȺϵͬ˹ϵѾעսᡭ
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ٰ̲סЦʣһŰԼءô治У
ԼˣìܣͲĴ˵㡣ĴȵҲѾˡ
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Сɣ״Σ
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ٺԺŴ󿪣ѾͷͻȻ죬һȾܡū뿪ķǴСܽԺ
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ȷҵٻ㣬̫ˡ
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պСɻȥԺû
ǲ
ԺйŹ֣
һ㣬֪㲻㡣ʱԺһСū澼ЩŹ֣Ժû񣿺ԺһҲûѰ񡣡
ʲôУ
йɵģ̡ųһӣδˡ
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¹أҲûҪϹԼѵ¹ؽչ磿
ٰ˼һͷ
ԺŹ˰ɣ
ûˡЩ߰ɡ

ٰСߣԼĪ߳ȥʮͼǰС·չһϸӰһѾͷ̣첽
Ųţŵʲôٰۡ
ԽԽ
СɽѾͷ
֪Ǳ˶̫ԼţѾͷ࣬ͷҲ̧ŲҲЩҡ
ٰ¶ˡ
ѾۿҪߣͻؾȽһ
ȻѾĶûóСһ˳ȥ
Ҫ˵ǰһٰԸޱСɼ˵ĲЧ¶ⷽ棬СɾԱһǿ˲١֮Сɣͻشڳȥǽ˷ʤ
Ѿʲôû㱻Сһ˸ȥ



154 ķ
Ѿˤء
仹Уȴ
Ѿܣɻδ
ī֭ϻĺɫ״ȱóôϤϣϺϡ
Сɺ˼Ҳûȫܿȹڱǵۻճˡ
ǶģȥȴƤһҲ˺ӡһʱ侹ôҲŪɾ
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Сֵ·߲ݴԻץ˰ѳ¶մʪӲֲ
ɼֶˣӡǻһ㲻٣ȫûб䵭ļ󣬷ָ˸һƬ
ٰһߡ
ģģþ˸ĻԼ벻˹ǰίֶѾʹͶ·ֻá⡱ˡ
ǺСǰʱٰһζûմȾϡһӶϻǺͷϣǱ˵빬ڸжˡ
ѾͷҲû뵽ᱻ˽ȵȶ֣۾һºˡ
΢Ϣ߲ŴڲݴԱֵ߲СŲˡ
ūزʶСιҪΪŹū澣ȸ״Сø뿪Զٴο
ͰͿͻسǰҪٰȡ
ٰƼ˫֣ЦһԼһĻᶼѾͷģҸ״Լαؿ
ѾͷȻûٰܱ
ϵһ˲һֻѱٰ˽ŵס
ȻֻٰǾ棬δ
Ѿ߻δٴһֻ֡
һΣֱٰż⣬Ѿ°ͺݺһ̧
ѾٰȹǶû㱻Ƶ˺ˤȥ
Ѿ߼д󺰴ֺֿ֣δ
һϣٰĴȵġˣʱ򣬻ܽӵλ
ūֻЩõĸҩǰԺСƵȣΪں֮󻹲ū澡С㣬ҲΪūūţҲûеô衣ū澡ūҪ˺͹
ٰע⵽ΧūԱǰǰǿƣĸǰʼѾͷ˵
ǡ˵ĵڼˣ
ļƻʧܣֽĳסԼŲʱˡ
ĸԺģǷ˵ˣҽˣٰЦǱߵ°һƬϵѾͷ
ū澡ūֻǸиģ˭ˡѾ߰ף°ͱ¶СūԺģ裬Ҫһ˵ʹɻء
ˡٰ䡣ĸԺӵģֻҪˣ㣬վͻԶٽ
áʹūʲô
ܻģ㲻Ҫ߰ɣʹȥ
ٰһѽֱ𣬽˫һץۺֳ˫ִ˸ᣬһͷֱӰԼϡ
˲ƽģҪģȰҵָжûµģҴĶĶȥģ÷˻ϷԼȥңǣԺӵǣ
ٰһȣոջߴߴļֱСֱĴȺٻԺȥʣ¼Ҳ㿴ңҿ㣬޴ԭء
ȷʵɡ
û뵽û뵽ջظС㣬֮ǺĺǳѹһȺѲǱ뺷뽫мơ
⸮̬ͰǶˣ˭ָС㣿Ҫ˭ǣôˣƫ˶סҲ涯֡
һȺūֻٰСŸѾﳤȥˡ
Сɻڲֻٰ֣Ц
ˡʱ϶Ūɾġ
ٰЦǣôʱ䣬Ҳ֪ԼСԺ״ˡٰģٻһһĲԼǺԵʣ̫ӽͷö־þ²ģٻ϶նҪԣϧһìܣĴƣûһ
ͬһʱ䣬ٻѾӽ⣬ѾͷٰԺС
ٻһֱ񲻰ܾüĸظ֤ĸ򶨣ĸҩѾԹۣ֤һ񣬵ô࣬ȴɲ̤ʵܾδܹסٰ
ԣ׼˹ҩȥ˾ӡ
Ҳһֱ˶š
ȻĵĻǷˡ
ٰǸԺԺ˶ˡ
βţ
Ե˲䣬ͷۡ
˴˶ٰסȥ
µûѡˣһɴķӣҪ͵߹ٰӡ



155 ٻı
ŲǲУ˴ιʢûӣٰݣٰ̳Ǵһٰ֤ͨ죬޲ߣ빬Ŀܡ
ٻٰھӣһԺеԭ
ѣٰС
ĴһȦһδҵŹ̽
³ҲѸˣδҵӡ
Ĵæ鿴ΣٰѾǴ˼߹񣬲ŷ˷
ûҵ
ٻжٰĶ࣬ӣҪôԺǸⷿҪôֻеľӣֻױ̨ϵױ
֮ﶨСٰӾӹǰˡ
ȻҪĻʱ䡣
ڴǰͬʱɳѾͷȥٰ
ǣȫ֭ڶСƤºۼòҲҪȥȥ˦ȥЩɣҲһҪסС㡣ʱ䣬ԽԽáʲôӣ
ٻ·㣬ãһӣӦòˡ
һһʼδԺС
ڣʮ㣺
ôʱ䲻磬ϾҪ빬ˡǹ򲻿ʧҹ׼ͷΣæͷױǵǸһð죿ʱһ󲻾ҪԴģ
ػһƼΪѣҲţ׷˼˽Ժ
ǽգ˭빬ٻСûڣһһһССǸԺֻʣѾͷӣϣԼ·硣
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ǸϽ˽ȥ
ǣѿˣ
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ūվ͸ˣӵԿףŵģ
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ǲСһΪѡ
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οҪٰʵڲٰκγԹˡټϵ֪Լٰ·ֽһ췭ظ֡»ǻƵϣʵˣ붼ͷۡ
ֻ͵͵ӣЩٰӲֻҪһҧûû֤ݣֻǻɡƽðʧŪҲǽͲͨҲû˵ʲô
ٻ˵ҲûͣжʵҲ
üľ俴ۣԥҪҪץ˼
ߣϲ˴֡


156 ̧֣βŶͼӸ
ָģٰױӡ
ٻǸ˻ԴҲ͵ȵġ֮Աǣ־ЦӴǵͼٰԼȫԲ˸ͭϱߡ
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ģٻһϲ㲻һȦѰң
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˿ǽ壬ѿ޵ûʧɫ۵û亹죬һš
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ٰڻظǰͲµĴһһٶʮԸȥμӹ磬һᾡֹ
һ춼ûȵĴȵκζһĪļ硣һһһȥѧѲµǴסŲˡ
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СٻĵٰӺȥй˹䣬һʵؼӲЧͣһܿסһ۾;ɿרץƻСŵױУźýλãΪӸͭ㹻һֻȥĻ߶ȡ
Ϊõӣֻʣһѡ񣺽ִӴ򿪵ķ϶
޹⣬һƬɫۣȻֻʣƬ
ʱսţȲ£Ȼжٽġ
Ǻ彫ǿǿǸ϶Ǳ޿ɱܣһᴥءⲻ˿̵Ľ嵥ֱۣ۵öʹȥˡԼױǿ׽͵ģ
ٰԺڵˣһʱ֣ˡץ͡ˡĿ߲ӶӲ
һ͵ÿٰױӣ
ٴδߵ
Ϊ˵ǰһֺٰαŲʹ죬ھӱһϣΪĥ̫̫ΪϺĴȵĺЩ߰Ĺϵɣ
Ϊ˵һԺӣͲٻ͵У
ٰΨһϧģǽеģٻǽ壡
ٻжáû빬Ѫģˣʺɡ
ٰ䶢Ž塣
˵عأС㣬С
޵滨꣬ߵء
ūֻΪСøͷѣԲʲô͵ԣСϽӣȾū澰ɡ
ٰ򲻽ҲˣҲǣϹһӣſ˭Ҫͷһþûĳ˿ȥ



157 ֳ
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㡭ʲôϽ˽壿ٻ΢
ţŵģٰЦ
壬Ҳ㡣û˵ʵ˵ΪҪ㣿
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һɫٰһ֣ǣ屻۶ˣ
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ӣӾҡһ飬濴ٻ
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ٰץסٻԼϵ˫֡û֣ȻֻԼв壬ʲô֮¡ԼöѣԺӣ͵ڻǣҿûϵ
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158 ˵ˣԪڵļӸ
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С㣬ūܲˡūѾû֪ˡȾū澣Ⱦū澰ɡ
ˣС˵ˣԣΪ޹ء̹ףȫұ㶼ˡȻӶΪ飬ֺ֣αطŹ㣿
ҰׯϾͱ۸Ÿջؼҵ죬ūŶͷ治̡Ҫ͹ٷ죡Ҫ㣬Ϊҽ⸮ﲻ۸Ҫҡ
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ʱٰԺſվŵֻ˽ոշ˹½ûɫĭɡ
ظ֪СūŽ˶СԺ͵ץ˸š
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ĴȴҴҶɢ۷׷׵ˣ˽
ԴҵɫʵҲ֤ʵ˴ԡ
Ĵ֪Ҫݲ޿ܡȻģٻסˡٻūһûܳ˵״ܲá粻ˣҲһֱţǱһʱ빬ա
ǣӺݻʾ˵ĴȽ˫ȣһ·СǰǼϹ˵ۡ
ĴȽԺ󣬾ûκܽԺˣ֪״²ĻҪ㡣

һݣٰŭʰӣȫȻһҪظҵģ
״Ĵһ顣
֮б£ֱУõҲϡ
ʲôĴѰٻһ˲ٻĺȣϽȥ
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Ϊΰѻţ
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160 ȴʧ
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屻ץٻۺǸһѾͷҲ£ĿⷿҲ˴򿪡ôһֱڿֱⷿ˿̡
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ǣٻҪ͵ܱ͵ǿûѧãҲ빬Ϊݼ棬ڹﷸ˴ҪģҶΪ㡭ٻΪҵǡɡ
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ٰʲôʵ֤ݣƶģֻֻţƭթˡ



161 ӸˣƼƱļӸ
ٻһϣʵԷ˸׳죬ĴҲˮ
ҡٰĴȸǰĪˣǰҰֽѾԼʮ£һҵɣҵȥǾ棡ôɣ˺Эˣ
ĴȿɲɵӣٰҪظң㲻ԼϻٰҪݲͲԼԺӣ˵ǷԼϻҪƣٰ治ġ
ȻԼ̸
ĴȲԸЭҲȫ벻ʲô÷ӡ
ٻûʱˡڣֲ㶯ٰ˺ĳ֮ҲǴ󺦡ô죿
֪ĴȵĶͷҲ߳һ㺹
ߣٻںŻţҲһֱûͣĴķҡ
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ĴȻ⣬һģ˵ǱѾͷײˣ
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֣ȥһðʧѾͷݣ˶С㣬ΪС㴥飬ϳȥɡԺ¼áĴȰ˸Цĸ׵ȻЩϺõĸҩͲƷҪӡ
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ٰһʾ⣬СɱŤѾͷƳԺ⡣
Ժ⣬̽ͷ̽ԣ˽ļһɲ١
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Ƽˣǹ˵Ӧ˾ʳԣ˵㷢ɷҲѸ˵ҪҲһǹͬģȻҼҹίԺ˭ٸ۸ǹģ˲ŹүŹǹǲϢ
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ָϽǰһɢӿţҴһС
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ֱ˵ҪٿϽҹ
磬˼£һǧһǧ
㲻ʨӴ󿪿ڡⲻʵҲûôǮ
Ƿˣд־ݾͳɡұ֤ȥǰ״Ҳ֤²ȥҸڣ£һʹ
ôң㽫洦ٻɺҺãΪãȻմ⡣֡Իǰ̡
Ŀ⣬Զ
ٰͷЦҾͶһЩ̰ƣҸǸݲɳ֮ˡҲǷҪӵġͷĸҵǲ⡣
˵ģ̫֮λ¶ˣҲ̫ˣʱҪûˣɱͷϡҲϣ
ףҪ֣Ҫȳ練ƣ
Ƿ˾ȥɡɽˮĴ᳹˺
ĴҧΪ˳˳ˮȴǲ뼸˸СϡؼǱġ
һǧӣӽ빬ͷұ⣬ȥϣ԰Źʡˣ㻹֪ɣղſҲϯϣͲСҲ쵽ɻ䡣пõĹӣҰʵ֡⣬һǸ֤ٲ᷸µΪֹҲϽʰʰ׼빬ɡ
ҵǸӦõġڲſٰ̲סЦĴ뵽ϴԼ˵̫ӲԴ˳ˮۣ˳ԼǷһɣʱûȤҲòΪҳıʲôֻ˵Ӹˡ
ٰôǮˡαء˵ĿǮˡ
ϲӡ̤ʵ
Ҫ٣ǧ޿ܡ
Ǿһڼۣǧ
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ӦұֻΪ˴ֲƺȽȳˡвĺҺμҲᾡȫֹҡĴɫڳѹȫš
ӦӦҶһûġúҪұƼˣǲԺⷿҲܰǾȳ˵һʮҲֻǸ֣
˺ÿ¡ǧǧɡ
ٰĴȵģըˡԼӲʵȴ򲻹ɽֲڼң򲻸ԿġǼþոЩ
˵ĵǸͷҡ
ԡҶ㣬ҲӦҸ
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ٰԼյͷٻʧ̬ھֹ
ٰûҪȹͷκȹڶ꣬пĽ԰׷ѡû̱ȥԼķͷȫߵġ
ٰһҪ˵֪ͷεĴۣĴٴ˺ɫǿèۼֵǧȵ͸μҵģߣ޿ܡ
è۹أӦڶϻϰɣҾͲҪЩˡֻҪֻᣬټӡΣٰ֪ͷأҪ޿ܡôƻһٻ͡¸ٻ߹µǡ
ĴѿھҪܾ
ҲƯƯ빬˲᲻ðɣǷ˸ƭңʲôģҲֵǮζúݣЩӦòѡʱ䲻硣ҽ˻ĪҪˡٰգգۡ
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£ұǣ˵ǱĽأٰĵظĴĸŮҵһýڡ
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ٰԺײ֣ﱧŵĺײڵء
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ģȴֻһǧƱ
ֻǧƱʱ磬Ǯׯδšŵùңչٲ㡣
ЩΪأ
һ
ٰҡͷЦ𣺡д־ݣ½廹Ѻ
Ĵȿ϶־֮£ԡ
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Сٰ䣺һūţһһūţֵһǧһĴȷڲأ
ˡ
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ٰƱ١
ҲȷʵٻǰᵽǼ
˰ɣԷˣĴȼ
ٰһͷʾòƺСȥŽ忪⿪޼С
ٻҲųһ绨棬һ˫۾˺죬ٰҡҡͷݣʮòҲֻʣ߳ˡټɤӣ˵˵ͷչ絹˸õĿʼ
ٿĴȣͬһ׼ȹ٣ǽ̹ͨ


163 û˵֤
һȣۼٻżæ壬ٰ
Ǹ㻹ûǸ
ٻҧҧ
ԲסҶԽΪǸҲԡҲΪ㡭
ˡٰϡίˡ˵˾ͺáһʱЩ嶯ҡ
᣿ҡ
ýҲſˣױӱŵ棬޼бó
ٰ棬һŽɫ˳
Ҫߵģ
ٻͽſǹӡֻ̽𲿷빬һڱ泯ϣʶǾϴˡԣΪһŲ֪ӣһ˷۱һ֡ͬʱңĴȸǱȭ
㡭ǹģٻҡҡ׹ѿڶ
ԩˡ˶ھӣ֪͵ңԿµģƹšžûӵ
ǰҪؼңز죬ֵһλٱ͵˼ءŹƽʵÿպÿԽ޼ƽȹ̶ϣԡֻû뵽Ⲷ޼лˣץĻǽˡ
ٰ֮ѡùգǻʼӣʻ㹻Էϵˡ
Ҫٻˮί֮ȴ޴йζҪٻ۸ĺҪǰתٻμ˶η
˵ôһҲ֪ԭ빬Ҫ׼ӡ㣬ңȥɹˡл㡣
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Ϊ˲Уϼˣĸ˴䵽ô̶Ȼ˵Ȼúúٻ
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Ϸ㣬޵ϡﻩίظ춯أֱؿɱԲᱳӡ
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֪û֤ʣȫһ֮ȲõҲΪ˽ʧС¶ӣٰץ˰ѱݺݶһѡ
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ҵҲͰˣͲ𣬽ʱԼһһ޶ϵȥݲǱߣ
ԣֻա
Ĵֻؿڶµûšǵ֤֤ʣո̸еĵȫͬ˰


164 ŵĽ
Ĵʵûʱٰϻȥֻ˾棺ʱ׷Ӧҵ¿ɵüסˡ򡭡
˷ġҪŵġ˼ν׶죬ڴһεģȻԼƣٰЦһǷļĸŮ˫˫ؿڷ
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÷˺ͽЦˡ㣬Ҳǡ֪ҹòڣźСɣһЩһ磬˵ʵڡôģȥҿⷿױӣϰ㶼ߣֱӸ򿪺󷭱ˮϱߣѱܻҵ빬֮أ
ٻüͷٴʶѡ

ֲϣ壡
ץ񣬿첽ȥһûȥСɣҽЩΣ̫̫ˣϷһ㡣ƺʺҡû뵽ҽҫ˼µĶҲϲܲܲ
㻹ңٻתֳ˽Ĵȥûס⺢ӣٰʧǡֻٰǴ̼ò׵ֵĶỹأ
㣬Ҿһ˵𼤶ٰȫ嵽ͷϡ
ٻ˲䷢֣ͷ治ôÿٰǿŵı飬ɲϷӣ
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ˣȥɡԼȥˣ˿ɱŰ·Ŷһðҵ˻ҵġ
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ǣҴˡҵĸоǿңҾ·İʯһֱҵס϶ֽҲ῿˫ȣҲ㿪кˣǵú𣿵ն֪˵·
ˣĴһȡϾųɵĿ־嶼ԼģһŮӶѣ㷸𣿸Ͻȥúô
ͷˡգƺôٻٴ档
˵ĴȿŮ̾ϢٻǵãձһԾ֮ա˭Ҳ赲㡣ҪҲֻ̫֮ˣʱһԾŶǸʧȥĶҲս¡𣿡
Ĵһᶨ
ʲôõģֻúǰǰߣ

ٰԺ뿪Ĵȱһ˾ӣǿҿ
Ϻƽȶɫ죬Ҳֻ֪ǻ˯ּ߽̤ŵ¯ᵽлԼ㣬ж㡣
ͬʱҲ΢΢ٰȻ֪⣿Ҳãٲ
˲ûźȥױ磬ٻ뿪ˡ
ٰż빬һֱȵĴȴٻ븮ԼԺдš
ٰ˵ٻ빬ߵǽ塣
һ㣬ٰԤ֮С
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Ȼ˿ⱻۣٻʵѡˡ
տǹ磬ӴĶǹˡ㲻йҲ޹ʶжҪٻԲѾͷ빬
մ̽Ϣǣ俴أָֻܶǹͷЩΡҩ󣬲ӰжҽҲʾ˹СŽлḴԭġ
ȻãٻȻѡˡ
𣬼ʶ㣬빬Ҳʺ̫ӵʶѡ
⣬Ϊ˲ūģҪġ
ٰ¶˸Ц
뵽屻߾ҽʱԼµһм
ԼûйΪѺ׷֮𣬰һͬʱٻ˺ʱ൲
ٰں飬ֻôƵĴڣܸӵݶǰأǳͷβˡ


165 Ŀ
Ĵ뿪ٰ׼С
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ͬԻϺ̫Ҳõѡ
ϲ̫ΪѣҼʼҲǶμҵĲҲŪ̫ѿ̫ӲᶪҲᱻǣͳһ㣬̫ҲȫԹۻ侮ʯ
ٰһǵˣ̫ӻμҵĹϵһҽ޲̫ӣϵˡԾƾһ㣬̫ӻǻضǷһУ㣬һбֶȥˡ
һУҲա
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ȷԸ
أسõģƷȷʵòΪƷſϰɣ
ȷʵƷΪɣֶݣ˵ū澻һһ磬˯綼˰٣ĺӶֻһ˫ֵĿˡ˼ˣⱲӶؽڽʹСȻЩص㣬ֻƷãȻ̡
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μҪҫҪҳΪٻţΪǵĴҵЧؾ̫ӵĹҪҲɿŻԺĹ
صһߣҵҷֱ𱻽ȥ˵úұޡ˭в鲻ԸĶøμҪĲҪμϵһǰδеĸ߶ȣõϵҫȨ
ֻҪܴĿ꣬μҶ᲻μҵûѡ
ҵǳΪصˣٻɺİս֮ҵǾȫٻʶλȫΪμЧ͡



166 ǸҾܾ
ȥһƧ
ξʹࡣ
ٰҺҵ̫ίһֱţҶҪ޸˼ҽܰ͵ܵܡ
أ㷴㡣ҵܵܶǯƣòĴȺٻΨǴӡμ˶ĺݣǰһζԴҵܵܵģƾʲôǳΪλ̤ʯȻֻЩһһ̡ɡ
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Ӣ˶ҵܵܡĴµծί˿ٻҪλȥͰˣҪȥܷĥƾʲôƾʲôôǣ
һһΣΪԶǱǸٻɺ󣬸߸ϣأͳ˱ԨǸõĶǣأΪίֻܣֻҵܵܣ
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ҹδߡղŤתƣⱲӶᱻץСĻᡣҡ
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ĿһȻԺԣǶֹٻٰ˵Щ֪㶼⡣ĴһϣƵġ
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ξҲ֪ļƻǷ񾭹˼ǣҾΪƻĳɹԴһЩһȥʡܺ׼ǿԼס



167 ·Ŀȸ
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ǰΣʱЦЦûҪôмһˣҪôܣǳԴҩˣԴżˣ⹴̬ȺҪΣ



168 
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169 ֮һ
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ǰΪӦ꣬Ƿһʵծ񣬺˹ܼҳǮծϹܼҪɸల״ֱ֪ɱ˸Ÿ롭
Ϲܼһŭ֮ҪУĥӲݲУȴֱϹܼҡⲻ֪ϹܼҲʼմ״ʣһС¾ͱͱ˻ʵ۸ǰ
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˵ĺƭƤľûʵ޿κΣźĹǶ֮̾־Ц
⼸գǵһ竡žô͵͵תȥˡ



170 ɿ
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µڣԲݶСȡ·Ѱ˵ʲôûƱûƱŶԣ
ԣ۴˿ݶСͱΪ̰ų¼ڹѣڵӦԣֻġëƤǶǿʮ㣬һ˶ֲ֧
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Ǿû˼ˡ˭һȱ鲻ֵǮëƤɣ
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ҵǲףӾû⻹ǿţ

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ǱѾã᲻ʶƽʮа˾ţԶԶƼƽ˳ֹԼ񡭡
ٰĥĥ˭˭ĵƣ
תǺٺһЦ໥ԺѡˡҸɿ
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Ǹ
أүҲ֪ʲô
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һۣ΢Щ
ٰһĥ
ĪģԼһޣ
Լλ棬²˵ޣɲǿ϶ˡ


171 뱨
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˿̵ֻôŽϽʰ׶ϡ
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ˣ㻹û˵ꡣձԹأôŵģ˵磬ǲģ
ȷʵ󡣰չһ֮ʡｻ䣬ļӦûᵽϸǰʾ䣬Ȩúʣڸƽ󣬽ĵһ̣ϻֱӿʼͻ顣һճɹʧܣһ̱
л֪
ٰҪͷǸûᡣøɹ֮㲻˭ۣôݼҵĻȨҲͲһˣĸҪѡҲܻݣң˾˺͸ҵĹﶼкôҾŬһѡȻʱԸҺƣԣܻһѵġ
л㣬ҼˡٰͻȻЦ𡣡ͻȻ뱨أ
ٰ´˳ơգǻׯȱ˵ʲô
ٰǰһٶƶʱֲ֧



172 ̫ӵ
ʮ̫ĸһ
ٰ
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ȻǺҲѾ˶Է㣬Խƾͼƣ˳ˮۣոյڶԼһٱһʵķҥԸΪ˸ǡķԻɺ͸ʹ̨
ٰơ
ôԼˮԼͬ
ݺһ۵ɹȥȴͷڿһӻûûš
㣬˳ʱ󣬻ϻʺ̫һ뵽ˡ
˹ݣ󣬾翪ʼ
糣ԣһ˸̽ζ硣ȨĽҲĿ
Ž˶࣬뾩żյֱʵһ顣
ɱ竷ӲȲԵô
ʵʱҲеر¶˼۳衣
ܲŵմߺֵģֻҷ޾͡
𣬱𰡣ڸϽ˾ƺһԷĳ̹ŵ֮˵·ңֻ֪֣ܿ
˵գڱͣٴ
³էʧ֮٣ڳλˡ
ʵҲˣ
Ц
ϯأʾո͵һ񵥡·ϣʵڱﲻסýŽϦǰ׳񵥣ףܹ̩񰲡
̽ӹ
ٱɰٽ̾ǧ̺֯šѥסܵలز㼸ʮ
ȻҪҲûʵһģƥһٴԡ
ܹսȱǱǰеҲܲôɹȺڸߺ֮أȺɽȣзʲݸȪءЩǺѡҪӰոлڶ۸̫ԹҲֹ
ƥѷսȱһֱǸ⡣
֮Ų࣬󣬱ƽϤҲ򡣶ȥڷͼսȴǡδֻ뱱ʱؽ󣬹֮
ԼããǴ⡣



178 ʵ۵Ĵ
ʵβϲЦտ
콵֮ƣǽȼüֻ֮Ҫõõô⻹ǳ֮ϸˮ
뾩ײ˳գʵ۱©ȱĿڷȥ
Ȼ⻹ûգߵ񵥱㵽ˡ
ʵ۴˾ٳ˰ʾȱȻҲΪ̽
ҪలӵķжءలٶȣõĴ𰸡ͬҲలԴҳ϶ȵ֡
ʵ۾ú⡣
ǶԷ̽ĵ̽
ֻҪúôھôలﲻη壬̶ǳ֮
లˡ
ʵгսలҪٶȿ죬ǿలضսսľ޴ʧأ񡭡ʵˡȻƥ·ϣαˣת㸸´λҪౣǰʵΪϡ
ڿͷл˻ʵ۹ػʰ
һΪǿ̩񰲶ŬֻҪΪ͢ΪΪϾЩౡ֮లشӸգҲ֮¡ת棬ʰ񣬳սలذճǮϾ֮񣬹ףǧ꣬ףܹ̩񰲣
⻰һڳˢˢһƬߺףǧ꣬ףܹ̩񰲣
ٰ̾̾
ҲѰ
ǰȣðͰŰ˵Ϲƨɵͷأ
ֻʵٻҪƤġעᱻԵʬǲʣలصİ̫ǰǺ󻢵ģܣలǿȷʵҲûٺð취
Ȼڵƨûʵۺܸˡ
ʵЦԽȱͰ˵˼Ưƽలలصڰա
లӳϣϲ޿ͣٶһŻȥͲƥҶȱѷʼ˫ȡ¾֮ǰ͵
ٴδలڰл˻ʵۡ
ᵽ̾ơ޼ǵϴ뾩١ȻᵽˣʣҲһలذյ⡣ˣ̾ơ
ٰһֱڰ۲쳤ֻ̫Ų˵ĳн̫߶߶˵ʲôƽڴͷһβס񡭡
ʵ۾˱ɵ˱̾ơ
ȡ
ٻٱߣδһشֱ֮Ҳ֪ɲɾ
ɱ˵ȥٰٱһ¡ζ
ٰͻȻٻЦûйζ㣬㣬ġĺȡ
ԸЩýĹСȫ
ٻһ죬ֻ޲һȥٰϡȾͲȣ˵ˣٲȣΪ˲עĿٰ˵ֻӲͷƤٱ
㣬ͻѼë𣿡
ûʲô߰Ĵֻ
һ˵ұŶԣ٣Ƕ
šٻֻٰ̾һͲ̨档
ϸϸɳɳѼëɳĸ¸ҵĶô֨֨¸µĴ̶Ӧӣ˿̵Ȱ˵ˡķ
ٻһǺ۹
ٰЦʣúȣ
ٻҧԭձŤȷʵ˻ƣ浽ĵزͻȻͲ뿪ˡ
ǿдٰŲһڣźȾ˱оơ
ǷƲ
š
ˡٰ¶һЦָٻ˱ǰϵĹһץȥŵĹŮв䳷
ҽ㰮̾ơֻ̾ƣ㣬ȡ
дĹŹζŵζֱͷٻģٷֹƱˡ
Ů£ֲ˼ֻó׹̾Ƹɵۣһˡ
ҧ¶Цȭ󱳷ǰѻȴյøˡÿһϢҪٰĳ嶯
ˣգҪٰԽԶԽáʱԸ˭棬Լһ
˻ʵ۴ͷһֲ١
Ҳˡ
ʵȴͷһڻｻڻ˻֡
иޣֺܲܿС޿˺üգøεְ񡣽޵뷨ˡ
Źء
뾩½ԲϤ²ݻգ
ý뾩ʱ䲻ûٴ߹ǶˤˡٲЩ㻹ֳֵ֪Ҫζ
లôʾˣʵٵŻְֲͣҲھб˵ȥˡ
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179 ߹ٺͺ»
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ġ޸㰲ŵְ񣬲ҪϤ£оԵɣʵۺ룬мָζ
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Īڲɣ
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Ҳ޸ٰ¡ȣΪǲţоԻȨ
⻰ýǳ
ǰΪȻ̫󣬻ʺ̫ӵҲˢˢƽǽŵ㷭˱ӣѵΪԼΪҪԼͻ飬̧竣
˵֪ڵǻףϼȻͷȻ̫ѿһְٰܻ˭룬ʵһѾôע
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ԣ䣡ʵۺӡ
ΪǼ䡣ҪΪ㵥һ࣬ٿһԡ
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ǰǷȥܹ̫ǵˡ
ֻȴǼʶֻʵ۵ġ˵ǾҲ˵ǵôߣ˱Źԡ
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ˣǻӢʺϣĻڵãలƱҪƺ󡣵Щ£లڼȻλãֺγ౱زԶԾʼսȱڣ
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ʵ۲ܶжΣǲԸҲὫŵҪְġɲְֲУԻʵѾնա˿һӭж⡣طأƴ̧ٵְӳȥⶼలӵģֻԹ۱С
ȻԻʵ˵̽
ְ񣬶֮һǼ⣬ܿһߵġ
ٰͺһ
ʵۣΪֹ¶ŴֺγǴ͸¶֮
˽֪Ϊ°ͶĴ¡Ȼʺְ񡣿ɻʵδ֮վԹԵڿ˿ڡ
ԣܾܣ
Ȼ̨ʱʱп飬ݼ
ڲδֱӵͷֹͷң̫١
ҲҡͷֱӲ˻ʵۣ̫
⡭⡭
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⣬޻빬ƣȥĽ鷳Ȩ޶Ÿ㣬㸺һ룬һ
طĻԷΧɡطȥһۣˮʺ֮ء޻Ȩ׼ʱؿԽΧ



180 Ϊ
ʵۻŵýΧԺڰ칫
ԺˣԵȡԺʹá
Χɣκξ
ϸդôɣʲôģ˻ţٲϲ㣬Ͱѱˡ
棿ٴйâ˸ΧˣǳżϼֵܽΧ
ǿԵġ
ʵһӦϲЦտŤͷбȺＸõĹۡ
ʵۼ˷ڣһĸ̤ʵЩ
ڵˡ
аɡû͵ȥȦ˵طޡˡ
лϡи֮롣
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ǵ͹˵ԣʵ̾˿Ƕڷǽ̾ҲǶܵҡˣ
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һġŶǳȴ̶ȽѹȻˣȴȡ;
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ʵ۲δʹϢģȻҪŽգڵ̽еס
˵Ĳ¶ˣǲҲÿĻˣʵЦĻ½ޡǸûᣬǵĹŮˡ㲻ġеģҲֱ˵˵ʣޱָ顣
ʵתˡ
Ҳעలӡڶǽలǰ;ĳ͢٣ǻ׹ݣãȲף۲Сӡ˭ģֱ˵
һʱ䣬˼۹۱ǣǹġ
ôˣ˭Ҫ
²ϲǲΰǰ̣ƿЦƷ
ѾųҪలӺƽָ飬ȥˣϳ̨Ϸˣڵһǰʾ˱찡
ڵ˻ʵʾһɨ˶Ů
ͣƽϡ
ֱף˶Ƴˡ
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Σʵȴһʡ
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ٰһ˳ʩˣˮص
ٰû뵽ģԼδ̬ԥǲҪȥʱǱ̫ӺͻʺȴԼˡ
̫ӣ˷Ҳжţǵվ˵ϼ䡣ݶС˵ʱڳԱֻ֤һ㽻̸֮˵֪ϻضݶСײֻǵǸҲ֪ģд˵ȴʵΪҥɡ
ʺ󣺡ݶСˬֱǸ֪ءˣشƵĺùҲݶСΪˡĸֻǴԣݽУδ˽ġ
Ц
ٰʧݼҹҲʧܶϱѡ˭ͷϣѡһҪ֮ȱסˡ˿̰æ˿ڣҲǸ顣ݼλݲ裬Ҫɣ
Ȼһ棬ʺ̫ҲͻȻðĴЩ衣ʱȷǳǷΪĳλ̫ӵľΪƻݼڰʹ
ԲΣǱ档
ٰˡ
һŵʱй
Ҳ̲ס̾һʺЩ˰ʱķӦжǲһأȻԸΪԼͷûԼʲôˡ
ٰҲע⵽ĴȴһŶԼڣΪ𼱻ǵĿ϶Լǻʲô͵Ϸɡ
㻹ʲôٻ벻ٰ²ؼšȥͰ
˵ȥ
ٰٻ±ԼۣԼٵż̲סЦ˳Ȱ㻹ǱȥˣϾһɤӡȥҲЦ
ٻּһʱ󱳶ʪ͸ˡ޽亹ֿʼԼױۿԽԽǽѰ
ٰǱʵ۵ˡ
ʵҲͻȻλд˺ü粨ڳִĵ
ݶСڰһϣ
ֻٰվȥ˸ͷ
ʵ»ӡҲԸץѱԴ߳ݼһǳɣ䵽λ
ʵ۽ٰ´
ǸرġͷԸϾݲŮװŹ֣ҪЩӵġ
ȮŮӲҲ岻š
ʵۣͷٴγڣҪ˵һ㣬ݶС㵹һģһ⣬޿Ϊ



181 ǲ
һݣϽվٰߡ
ĪȤҲĪҥԡ̫ӵԼǣݶССа趹Ҫס
漴Ц𣬲ԴٰǱ߽˰ߡ
ƣʢգݶС嵭ݡһݶССұ⸻֮磬ݶСӴ硭ʵĶ
ʵԽȽϣϵҲԽǻ㼯
˶˳Թ۲ţԱˣ͡ҡ롰š
òϣٰÿʵ̫ۣǶŨױ˭ݶСȷʵأҪװδػϸȳģúһһᣬܴȵЧ
֮ǿЦѱ϶һԻ⣬ǻʵԵˡ˿ȥͶֱˬ¸ɾ䣬ֶ佫֮Ǿ䣡
Ҫ˵ҪݡٰһУȴҪġһϣ˲໹̫ˡ
ٰ˺ü
÷
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䲻䣬ҪЩͷ㣿
ٻԼʲô£
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Ҵʱ˿̣һŹ˼ͷͷҪúúϼһ
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˹վǰأ棬㶼˵ʲôƤɵ㵱ȣɵ˵ôҪ𣿡
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ٰƳ˻ʺһۡ
Ҳáлʵôŵ˻Լˡ
л˻ʶˡ
治ϲڣһʾȥйӲ廰ʣֱףֱݶС㲻ôӣʲôĹ
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ˣ˵ȥðڳйﶼˣưݴСŵãʵ¶ǲмġٻǶҶ˶ѡõѡȻֲġҪԼǲ
ʵ۽ݼҹϯ˷ţ˹
ٻҾǸʾʧǱٻӦȴһģǺ
ٰЦҽƤҪЩ̾Ƹҽ㡣ҽϲΪ˴ﵽԼĿģ˳ٰãԻһ񡣼Ȼ˵ϲٻģң߻Ż̫ӻʺٻ̬ȣֻǰٻһЩע
⻰ž͹Ź֡һʱ䣬̫ҲüٻպҲùŹ֡
һٻݺһ۵ٰ
ݺԡ
㣬ϲֱԡģӱûУ̾ƾԱġ
ݶСǡǰˣɢ±͸ʮƵݴС

˵˵ٰٻֱӦˡ
һεģʺٻıֺʧ
ô£
̫ţԼӶ磿ܲһſͻͷ˰ɣ
ʺôһ룬ɨɫ԰׵ĴȡϽ绹˵һТɾٻˮ׼ТǳԲˡ
ʵʾڡ
ˣϽɡ绹üǾ䣬ģֻ˵
ָģȻ
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182 Ҫǲ
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ֱԽջҪ¼λӵѡӣ˻ӣͲСõɼˡ
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磬ڰʱУǴʳʱ䡣
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֮˵ոҪ̾ƣʵΪ˴˽ڡ
ԣЩ׽ӰǣȫûͷûԵҥ
ɾЦҥԣǴˡ
ٰҲ𼱣ǶǲŵġҥԿŶȵͣһ֪Ǽ١
ǰҸƼҷڰˣ˵ȫǿѨ硣
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ٰͷ
ͲãҵνǲܰѸҴȥ
˵ʲôڷǽ˽ңҥ˽أ
˾˺ò߳˳֮Ĺ֮֮ҪΪ´ŷ⣬ұƻ·ȥٰ̡
οиޱҲ˴ȥ
Ҳ£Ҳ˳ܡٰˡҲҪƽϢҥԣҪǲҵҥ
һһֵƶ



183 һ붼ˮ
ƼҥǣԲٰɽڣȣֲһɡ
㿼𣿡
λңѰһѰѰԴͷҪѰQ𾢵ġҪһȣ
໥˿кѣİɡǻ㡣
շ䵽ǻʺˣ㣬ֻһСĹ򣬱һѾͷһŮһ֡
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⻰һոջʾٻĴȣϷ˶ˮˣֻһ˵أͬԮٰҪϳҥߡأҪۣ
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ֻٰιŵǴү㣡ôع߸߹Ǽ˼㲻ΪԼӾͲҹȥүģ



184 ɸӶ²ס
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ӵοӵɫڿҳҶ̣֪ҲǴլۡǽ֮ⲻǽֲ·һ˼ңôӼǽﱻƼˣȥҽߵĲ·Ǵǽһ·ȥģ
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185 ̬Ⱥʹ
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186 ίͲ
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188 Ϸͱ
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ǺЦǾݶСһУ׵֪ΪΣʵǺʹӹŰ壬ȡ֮ˣһԼһġһʺ䡣
ݶСرͷԸ񶼺ܲ
ЦԣǻϵԭոϼݶС׿ޣǻϵ˼ԣݶСɣ֮Σ˵
ˣſڣһûٱ硣
ٰҲü
ΣҲáϡˣ
ۿԼֺ߱㱻Ƭ
ԣǻʺϹͬ˼
ǣһ˲ٰʼɣѵǵڻϸǰ˵ʲôԻϸӣ
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ڶ֣ɡ
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ٰǰ٣ҲϷ
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Ȳԡ֮󡭡
棺Ϧδ±ѡ
ɲ顣
ȻٰץͷƤļˮƽ֮ٳ⣬ֻзѡˡ
ǿǿģһһС
ƺռҵѧʿ֮緢󣬲һɣһˡϡ֮īһʫϦʫ
ٰȵģξĳɼٻҪƯ
ٶȿ죬ӦǿʫҲƯˡξμһˣϷй⣬Ц˿ŮصҲֱͦ˲١



189 ٻĳɼ
ٰԾȡ
ξԼʱ̹Կ԰Լǿ亣ڣ
ȻξŵڣƽƽμҲὫϣĴǱ߶μҶϡ
ٻĲĲŷ棬ˮ׼һֱǸξġ
ô˳ɼξŬٻʧ
ʵϣξΪڱеøóɼȷʵ׼
ϷȷʾҪغκڷ˵˺þûʱξٴһϷ
ҪϷ˽һ׸ãڡɡȴֻٻⱾƼۡ
ⱾμΪٻ׼ξ֪£ȴδһ
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ϻбԣܱȵĶЩЩȻٲˡǻȥԺκϲμӦǶ˵ϵŪȷٻơ
κʾξȥҪ⡣Ůƾʲôƾʲôûӱ֮
ȻϷһ˼ŮҪ̶ȷֵ䰲Ҳв֧ţܿ죬һ
ξһ⣬Ǻ
ҹʱ䣬㹻˰һ⣬׼һ״𰸡
±׷ľһٶȡ
ٻξٲǾ档
һƳȥξԼ⡣ٻĻв׵ģξҲǵⱾԼ鲻Ը̫ţԻһֱڿٶȡǡ
дҧ档
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ٻҲˡϡξĴŹ£ıҲͲôˡٻѻȴҲ÷ֻбЩ
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бϯǹֵֹķΧ
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ԭҪ󲢲ֱߴ룬߾˿šɡǱȽ˿зֳȡ䴩롭
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һԲʱǽڹ΢΢
εѶһټӣսֻʱ̵ʮλɵáϡ֮һֽвٹֶˡ
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190 ֻж
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ξǰкȵҲ裬Ĵתעٻʾ£Ҳͷͤҽ
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ףٰ˵Ըҽ𣿡
ξεĨӡ
ҲǡٰûЦڸлű㲻ΪţŶյķһ½⿪ȴʱ·աһҽ˾֪ˣȷʵ档ҽҲáôʱ򡭡ˣ˵ˡ
ٰȷǵ㵽ֹɹٻűȴ˳ȥ֮ǰٰҥҥɲһ˿˽ܣ˵ʲôʲôϾ˭ȥ֤ʵٲɣ
μ˷´Ҳ޻˵û͡
ӦǻɣʺҲʺ
˶ڿ죬䲻ţ䲻صʵںЦ
ܿ죬бϯҲжš
̫ӸĿɿڴ˰ɣģűͨ˽£ٻڸлŪ˸˾֪
һ˿̵ңѡѾٻ
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ԽѶ࣬ٻԽꡣ
ոǴʱ΢ȣ־ͲʹξĴ̼£ٻƫɼⲻ˵ָΡ
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ⲻ֪ǵһֽξͤʾѣҽҩġһξֻ˰ڣٻΪǷ͡ᡱԴǣȫˡ
ӱҩԵ衢Ϊٰû¶ոӷ飬ƫСֽһξƿ֮С
ǣٻôˡ
Ȼʵǻᶪģξձ׼һɰĶԸٻġ
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һֱԽٰй䣬Ƽ˳գգۡ
ǰĺ
ǳʱݳǸꡣ
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תտ˶ľ֣׬һʡ
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ʲôҲͶǮҲûġнġΪĿе棬ɲҡ
˵ˣſǺˡûùͶǮĴ㡣Сת棺˵׬ӣҪڹˡùﱬ䣬Թؽ³ǧոյǰɵˡ
ޣǮˡϴһǧϣͲˡҪ
˵ˣӻɣٽ
仹˻Ҳ֪١
ҼӾǵСһһҼүû취
֪ˣ˶ӣˡ
ߣĺС֪һܽ³ģСĻΪľ
ٰͷЦЦôһڹȥòⰢĺҲͶԼϰɣ
ĺڸ̾һҪӮӮ˲̺ӵľ밡䲻֪ӾôģƾӶӴ¿ĶĿģû׼ñķƶءɷѿģİ
ףȻӺ͹ﶼôŬôһӮɣ԰ӿĲΪӮѵΪ䣿ӺεıϣȻ׼˱Ӯ
ĺһԴ׷˳ȥ
ٰ߳ȥһУһ
Ҫˣ㲻֪ڴҺ֮𣿹ʲôл˵
ûӣСһЩĺͷû뵽ӻῪģûǮ
ٰ
ⰢĺҲҪͶǮȥ裿
ϴ˵ⰢĺײŵˡͰ
Ҫ٣ԭҲûӣý˵㡣
﷽ٶС
ٰڵЩūŶ򵥰ϴԼһľǶ߰ĺ̬ȣǲ仹𰡡
ֻжٰٻθƱ˰ĺ



191 ٰļ
лĺҪߡ
ȵȡְٰ껸ԼƱó£ͨҵģû⣬֮ݸ˰ĺ壬ôģҲһݡ
ĺſڡȷﲻǺܿϴΰһζˣһѾͶȥոշ˵ĵġ
ȷ϶ͷŶҪǰгӾͲˣ
ȻԼ˳³ԣ⻹򵥣ƿǰ϶׬ģԼΪβͶһȥ͵ӲҪ
ǲҶģⰢĺҲҪģðĺͷҼȻⰢĺҲǲƴֵģһҸ߰Ҳûʲô˲á
ɣһΪĲзաСĲ֤Ӯ
û£СһãҸͳɣٰ˵ڰ֣뿪ȥ
ĺһ̾
ӲףôѡеĹҲûףո˵ģת۾ʹԣ˵ʲô˵ֻжת⡭ôԼλһûûƤ´ģ
λҪԼӣ۰ɣ
ֱԿʼˡ
αȵǣɡ
˼壬Ȳաˡ
費̨棬˷ʱ䣬ԿɹѡĿʵࡣ
ǹŮľǶˣţ
ٹﶼѡʫд֡
˲١
ƣһֻ֣˰ӱھһ÷ͼûвȴ÷ȫ˿˿⡣
Զ֣֮÷󣬾Ǽܹһɡ֡
ˣɣаɡĵһϡ
ξдһԢѵĲͷʫ
λһεͬϣ
ٰ˰ΣһھǺ˺䡣
ѹʫ죬ǰٻ
׼ȷ˵ǰʫʵٻӽʫʵʦǶ˺üҪġ˿ȻǱξغˡ˹ȥһʦҲͬһɣκλʦЩ๦ĸŮΪ˳ºѹ׼ȷʵ١
˴˿ٰ̣ǶξֶЩˡЩӦûǿθСˣξΪȴ֪ǺΣ
ξ̫ʣһͬչ¶ʫ鷨ٻͬҲǵˡϡȴٴʯûע
ٻգ³޺޶ξξĲɣҲξΪƫҪѡԼһĲա
շʫ޲ţȴдһֺ֡ڵڶʫ÷С׭дͬǵòʡ
ЩãԴǶҪһˣһ׽ֻӯнķתۻҵ⣬һϮµӢһŮ۵
һ裬˺üλӵĽкáٰҲãҲѧĺý˼ŴҪʳǺ˽ڡ
佫֮󣡡һ̾˵ճϽ۳ɳӢϣ
εĹϵֵٰ֮
ݶС޻֮Ѿ֪ˡҲ֪ЩĲգʱȣֻûСˡѽִٰˣ֪ΨһóҲ޻ֻҪܷʲôͷ
ɻбóʵ㿴εĺûˡ
ǰȣռ˱ˡԽǰԽѽǰһ
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Ĭû˵ʾüͭЩֳɵģһϯȤЩӾһǳӡ
ٰȡ֧վȥ˶ʸľ⣬
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ͷȽڡ
ڶС
С
ԭûµбϯҲŽ
С㣬Թб塣
ǽͶ֮⡣
С㣬˼
ٰü飬֧ɺ⣬ȵͶһһ
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ȻȫУ
շǷ
бը˹
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ûĹ򣬱˵ʸ࣬ʸ֮ڣٷУųɰջеġ
⼼յ˾̾ʺһڣ׼ðϡע
ǲѵǴţٷϲţƵɣɫһ䡣ݶС̬ȲԣԵϷˣδĿˡ̬ȣɵʸ񣿡



192 ССһ
ȫʱһ
Ȼʺڣֲ
Ȼ̬߳ȣСɳҲŮͬԲյҲвˡⲻĴȴڳͶԴȥֳЦͱԵĵΡ
⻰һٹﶼͷ
Ц
ִ⽫ͶգֻܸһУÿɺ
ٰҧҧⳤԼ䴦ҥֺһĴ㹫˽ˣ
˵ĻƯʵȴ̱
˵һתЧһ²һˣ˲佫Լӹ˿ԼҲᣬΪ˴󲿷˵棬ԼҪô˲Ҫô˳Ƿŭ
վ˻˲֧֡
ˣһܻʺô϶ν
ԣĴȺٻҲˢˢʾٰһ
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ݶСҪײǱű
ŮҡվҲᣡ
ٰ̧ͷŮ٣ȴŹͶǴţǲţ񡣡ٰģȴ̫ӡ㲻Ҫʾ㲻ϲ𣿷Ҳ峤Ļˡ
̫ӵ£Ƿ˵Ƿе伮ᵽ
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ǡǸǧѧ;ĵ伮ǡ
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ٰЦ£˵ǡ𣿡֪Ц
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Զԡǲӵ䡣ٰЦ
ڵǰСӣ竣Ͷƽһα˳ӣϲɫٿվ𹧾ٰһ
ӣ˲ӣǵһЦֱ
Ц̶̫һڳ١
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ԣݶС㻹δͶţȴҲǽɹ׷ġѡɲ⡣ѡɹɸ˵ˣǵĲžǵܡΪ˸ߣͶ֮ţܰ㽫ԷǴѲ㻹Ҫźͼȥͷˣɣ
ڿ༥һжٰЦĵģȴҲа˵̱ġ
ٰ⻰⡣ô˵ʫΪΣܵԣҲܰﴦֻΪӹţΪΣҲⲻǲܣѵȥͷ轣ΪΣΪ˳дʲô÷С׭ȲʱҲʵãֻΪÿ𣿡£ܲôЩˣȫ޲ܰɣֻҡųˣ
ԣɵģ㣡Ĺţ
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ʺЦˡ
ȷʵ⣬ԽˡݶСΣ֮ϡǰߵĹҲʵˡ
״Ͻ̨ףһλ
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һεģ˼ʶսȻ˵ģҪ޾η
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Ҳ𡣿ǰʶҵ֡Щҥʱû顣ݽ棬ȾͲȣͳֺαؾ
սߵģһ̣



193 һ
Ů֣ȵɡ
˶εŻʺֹ֪ʱʺȴЦվ
ϳбԣѾ
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ûɣ
ˣ
˵һ֣
˵Ǳɣ
֮ѾɼҲѸжˣɡ
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һƬȻ˽ԲȻƷʽȣУ
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ʺڸ֪
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һԣһֱŵĹŮҲſ⣬ż飿
λϵСԼʧ˺δ
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ŮΪ¬Զ˷𣿡
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
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ٰҲɵۡԼɵɵȻã
֮ݶСλƫŵĹŮоһֱûźϡݶСûκԹԣҲûΪѸĹˡԺȴͷβԼ֡
һ˲ٰǻʺ̧ԼǻʺΪԼ³ĸԼɣ
ԣԼͳƳ֦Ҳȫȥɣ
мϢɨŻˤݶС
⻰ٰЩ̡ͳƳ̫࣬϶˲ٹƤ˲Ųòʰ֦еı鱻̫һɹȫˣˮЩԴˡǹʵڲףٰʶһѡ
ݶСƿ񣬶ڹŮðʧǵûг𣬻һʱŲ鿴˹ŮŤ
ٰЦšҪȻأΪ̫ŻĹȥ
ݶСլʺ񣬷ӦѸ٣һҲ÷

ǵˡ
УȻУ
ٰɵɵЦţԭԼôޥĴڴˡ


194 ̾ĳɼ
Ůڰ˵ţٰҲû뵽Լô㡣
⣬ͶʱݶСűһֻ֩롭
ٰˡ
ȥüʱͼű֩ˡ
֩ʲôµģ
һ԰֩벻Ǻ
ҲûȥȣϾգóȫ֩ʰʱֻδûһһէҲûʰֻǲɫȥһ߲ݴԡ˿̲֪Ǿһ顭
Ͼһֻ֩ѡ
أü
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196 ȤЩ
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197 ˭˭
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198 ٰĴ
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ʵ۵չ˻ʺʱŤͷϰǻӣ³Ҳġܶ˻档ҺõҲûʲôԡ
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199 ٻĴ
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ɼж֣һٶȡһ飬ԽԽãߵյĹԼʮ߻ڶʮʮ壬Դơ
⣬һ·նǰУڼ佫иֽֿյõƷԽ࣬ԽռơƻʱÿһݽƷһÿؿĽƷġؿҪģ
ԣ³ԲٶȣԿ飬ȻʵʱٶȺͽ֮Ҳһ顣
ȡᣬճɼᰴû㡣
޻ڱ͹ţһƽıԡɹȫˡʵٴ¶⡣еĽƷֻҪǹŬܲյġֻҪܵõ㶼ǵģ
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ֳһ׼Ĺˣֻʣʮߺ͸ֱԵ
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ٶȺܿ죬תֳֻʣʮӼÿʡ
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ЦͬҲûɣͬ͵úҵĳɼˣҲܴһѡ
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ҧԭΪαȵĹ֮һһԺüﶼͦкøеģ֪ٻѡˡ
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ѡʱĹŹգ競üԣ˶ҡͷ˿Ĺ֮ѡͷȥ΢ɬţǶԼкøС
ԭֻǻر
˺ٰԳɼѴʹǿ
˵ѡңҲԸѡУʵܶ˶ԸѡУ



200 Цٰ
˳ҪΪϳͶٻ
ǿոµ㻨ӡһѹǱ˵ԳвʹͣŶᱦյġ֪ôûֱӱٻѡˡ
ɡٻģ״̬˵ӮǱִ˿λֻ¶ˣĹûܽӴϣҲûˣ˲հ
ǵˣֵ֮ԲԻǾú棬ɲΪ˰æһɧġٻɼҪǺҲͰˣǲУҪƵĴϡ
֮ѡеһ˲֪ջȥһӲһٴһˡ
㣬Թɲǲð
ٻͲٻһӲμӻҪѡźá
Ȼ⻰ٻȴһζ嵶ٻǰֱðǡƽһΣֱ˺
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ҪǰɣҪбҪиĿɡ
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ͷɡͷҲҪбҲҪ

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201 ̫
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ͬģٻŭĿӣΧ⣻Ǣϸ飬ǳСһ棬ʩĬĬͷհ죬ŵҲϣ
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ૣѹֻʵٷҲҲᡭսЩͬ


202 Ҫ
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̨һͼֽʵ󲿷˶ͷԵġ
뿪ķ߶ˡʵһЦ
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֪׷ңҾ͸㡣



203 õ
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204 ҪӮ
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ٻͷƣǣ
ǹŮڣһƬԻ
÷ǳ֮˱һƬɵҪһƬ꣬ºߵĹӹҲˡ
˲δܳɹȻҲʧˡ

ƻ
Ȼǻʵ·
ٽ
ٰһޣ
ͷǹŮһֻۣŮѾ˳ȥ
ģƹˣǸʹһݡ
ڵסٰһͻش
룬Ѿ֪ôӮˣ
߱˵ɡ



205 ٶ
˿첽ǰС
Цʣ
ĲͬĶ
ף񣬲Ƥ¶޾۹⡭ٰԥ
˹ˡںЦָֺơ
ư磬һΪ˳ɼ·һһżɫչŮҲһᷨȥӦ⡣ȻЩԭôȫ⡣
ٰ̲סЦôһ˺ƻͲ١
˵ĶԡٶȺˣȣȷһ
ס˿Ǿǵһɵһʮ߻ɹһؿ廨
ԣҪֹ˹ؿ
ô裿
ҡóö˵𡣡
ٰٴЦˡ
ȷʵƺѡ
ţЩ˹ؿģҲǵٶȡ
ٰ˵ţȴ뵽ʲôתȥ
һ㶣Ц
Ҫôϲأ漴׷ȥ
Ĭ˲˵ǿ˶Է֮⣬Ͻж
˵ʲôҪǰ棬뷨˵ĽŲ
ôЧ򵥵ģȻϰ
ʵ˵͵û˵ܵҲǣ
Ǹվһ·ڷֲ
·һǰͼֽ·ߣǰ֣һֵͨС·
Ǳлᱻȥֵ·ڱһʯˡ
Ǵ˿ҪģǽǿʯŲסȷ·
ôܹܿ⿪ǧУɵߵ飬һʶ˳ſ֮ͨ·ֱС
ǷֲԣӦҲҪ̵ʱ䡣ϾͼֽϸĵģôƫԶ˿ɿ
ˣӴ˿̿ʼ˶ᱻǴȥ·ϣ
û
ȵȣٰȡõıУ߽õһֻ˽ȥ᲻úͲ߾ߡҾʹˡ
һӣӮˣҸһ䣡
ٰһۺõıȥ
ȥٶȿ죬ԶЩҪã
ڴ·ҵУһŲɣԽԽƫˣ̶˷ѵǵʱˡ
ڶû˵˺У첽˳ȥ·һͤǶˡ
Ѹٳ֣ľбȥͤӵؽ
ٰҲûšһЦʾŵúܺõͬʱ·߻ԿժһɫĻ·Щ״
ʾһǷǣѻ˷ѵǵĴʱ䡣
ڻһЦ
ûЩ˫赣ҵζ
ϻϽߡ
ٰ²ȫ
ȷ˶һؿעδ׷ٴ¶ȣٰߵͬʱȣԣֻҪǰߣеʱͻ󵼺ߵļһǡЩʱ䣬ұ㾡ȫȥҵЩɢ;͸ĽƷڹؿþᣬͷ
ٰͷӶҲ⡣ÿһݽƷֻܼһ׵áʱٶȣǰߣԺݺѹһ
Խ˵Խ˷ܣԳǰõģԽƷжߺ󣬻ѹû˱ɨ󣬺ʮҪõɢƷͲˡʱ䶼ڽؿһỨѴʱ䡣ˣǵĻܴ㣬ǻӮˣ
ڿٰʧЦ
ˡ
˷ܵģ
ԣ˷ܷϵģֻ
ǣңǻȥѰҽƷķʾǰ
ԶּŮ֡һΣǹŮỊ̄͸Ź졣
һΣٰЦ
ڱ߿첽ǰ
ǹŮǰҪʾ˿֮ѰұУȴǱһȣıҲŵ̫ˡԶͿˡ

һεģСŮϵˣߴ
ܰŮյѾˡ
ٰ幬ŮЦЦһ
ʮϢ׷ˡţűС֮ǰһǴˡɡֵĺӡδ򿪣ǿƳɵɹ
Ŷٰ²⣬ЩɺװӦöɽڹɵһЩ
ɹϼƯٰ֡
ɡġ
Ц
ƼѴӼɽˡͬеĻˡ껱鲻Ӧǽ⿪ǸǧС
ڽӸµǿ˲ٶǹӴӼɽһ߳ģѡģӦҲǴسɹˡ͹ӣ໥ԶŸһǰһɽٰšһͷһۣȴǹŮԭء



206 취
ǹŮԭأ
һӡ
뿪ԣǹŮûнԣֻ¸нƷ
˲Լͬٴλص˹Ůǰ
Ůɶվţǻ΢΢пƲסĲ
顭ΪѰǺǡ
ΣǷֹһѰңһŻϸϸѰֻʣ˹Ůɵԭء
λŽһʾ𣿡
ˡͬ

ԲֱҴ𰸵
ҪǶԽⰡôܲҪأ
ɻҲû˵԰
ŮĨĨͷĺλһ޲ô죬һ޲أͷʲôҲ
˵һλҲһЩɡ
ܿ죬⴦ҵһƷ
̨Щ졣
˵߼һֱٰͣϡ
׷Ҹϵķɱ̸ٵոǲ˼Ϻʹûעתȥ𴦡
ʵ۵Ŀ˺üΡȴҲ޻˵
Ͼںٰû͵ûֻǵķʽȥץ©Ȼ޿ɺǡ
ʺƼ·̲סվ
ϣ֣˱Խ̡ǻ콱ƷΥ档ֹˣ
ʺż
ǼɵӴͶٰûڵ͸ǰš˷ʱҲˣؼǿǵĴЦٰƸǵġ´ȥɲñЦ
һʺƼǱ߰˻Ҳˡһʱ䣬Ǵ·ֶ˼ɵӡٰˣԽԽԶۿţ˿һ֡
Ȼʵûڣȴ̫ȡ
һΣǰͬάٰģȴǻ̫
ҲôΪϵµĹûᵽܸˣˣܸıԳغͻǡǡ෴ǱԺ;Ҫ䲻⡣
˵ˣҪӦжͷӦⲻ֣սթʾలʹ󽫾ĴС֮ƣΪȡıֿռ䡣һ֡
ҾãӺݶС㲻Υ棬Ҵ˾޴ϲһƢͶ˼һµ˶
ʺȻ
ͻȻʵ۷Ȩսȴû̫ı顣෴֪̫һ˵ʵˣʵ۵Ĵ΢΢¡
ʵ۵Цһתš
·ϣע⵽ϱС
Ǻȡ±гص㡣
˰վͤܡ
ʵ̲ס
Զ׼ȱȡµĹ»Ҫһ־ٵȷ·ԣ۷ʵۼǸʱںٰС̵ıˡ
ֲõԤУȥҪߵˡ
Ȼѿ˺ڣȴġ
ٰïֺ󣬱˲
ѾȲˡ
˵ڶؿ
һѹŮżݿƳıС
ãûϣ
ǶǵĹ⡣
ֹɬֱǹ
Ǹǰһ޴ֽ
ϱдǿ֡
ʶ֣ƴġ
Ů˵ļ򵥣ǽ⡣
˶ֽȴǲ֪Ӧȥǹ죬͸Щֿк塣
Ϣ
Σͬ
һʱû˷ѣ뿪ͷҲδأһȺŮ̡
߳ȥʮɣһΡ
ѲĹŮ
ǰͨʹթķѭеķβδЧ
ǣٰԴ̱ȥ״
һת
ŮȻû޶ԣһסٰһȥ·߹˵ˮ
ٰˮǻ٣Ůлл
ͻ˼ۣʾٰ
ʲôٰɵһ䡣
һΣֶ˶
£¶ľеһǡ
ڳ˶װĺӡ
ŮһոԼæչ˲ˣλүѾõˣ˼ʶͬʱһߡ԰ֿһߡջأһӺ󣬶ڵӡ
¶Ц
ٰҲӵЦòá
ǳ֮ȻҲӦص«ưһСȷ˲رء
һҺ˲òʵ۵ơ
εıУȻؽпյͲ
˼ãҵ̫Ե
һѾ˲ŴڴҵɶͲοסֻи˳
ŮɵԭأҲֹôıƷ
Ȼǹɵġֱһ֩һ觵ǡ
ٴαʾЩٰ
ٰЦǺǣ˿Ļѱȫȫڵκδߴ٣ܵñڻ졣



207 ûҲ
ܳȥһκٴȷ˺󷽱˵λá
ò˵ǰıԻͦɹ˶ȥ˴·ϡ˶ǲ߹˰˽ֱͤԽˣҷλҲͼֽʾⲻ̫ԣŷ׷ط
㣬ʱ䱻˲٣º֮ȫˡ
ԭӦһξˣ˿ȴӵڶʮ߻ڼʮɵĲ֮ڡ̫ӵ󷽵ľҲѵȻ޴档һȺᱦȻʵ۵ԽԽԶ
˿ٰ˶֣˲Ÿոջصǿʯ
һֱŸոŮǸλã˵Ǵá
ôǴ˿Ŵʱ䣬ܵø˶ѰЩɣ
ٴηظҵ֮أǸĲʯЩŹı־
֮ȡֻյɺУװ仨ȥֻٴͲΡ
ﳤȥ
ˣٰѵõɼƻĽ
ֺٰ˼Ů
ɨģмǶ˲ˮġ
ٴιʼʩ
ɹһΣʧΡ
ֵõƷ
Ŀǰһ߼ǳƺ̫ӣշ͹ǡ
Ʒн䣬ȷʵƷĺö
ÿؿкڶʾȫٰС
տʼٰˣһ࣬ǲˡ
ó˶ŵùңɡҸáˡ
ôЩö㶼ң
㡣
ƴ֣ҾͲˡ
ֻЦЩҪôʲôµѹ·ҲᵽǷթǮˡ
ǰǸ߹㣿ңƽ
˿ϵӣ㹻͸ҴԴüʮˡ
˵ҪΪ˷ַֻܻӦ𣿻ҳ뱣ңҲΪȼأ𣿡
ٰ󲿷ʱʵЩӵ̤ʵϴǸ֮еԾȥֹ̫ٻĻ£Ŭֹ̫ӵǻȫȥȡĳţ˵һжأ
ôǰһɻᷢսֺû⡣սϢͿ̿ɻ
ӣĿǰ˵ΨһԴȫ֮ӣԵõأõʳõſԸõıȫԼ͸ˡ
ԣûȤɾǲҪõࡣ
ȱģǰȫаɡ
㡭ҲöЩӡٰͻȻ˼֣أǰӡӳȥ޵̶Щľһμ
ϵϢһ±˼֡
ϻܡ
أȻйıġ
һġЦ⡣ô档Ȼ㡣Ըһδһ
ٰŲһ
ԣ
Ҳˣȴûϸ˼
ΣɲԴԽ׺ͺ
ƽնľ֣ĵнģ֪ڻʵ۸ǰֹˣƶ±ץҲỤǽӶѺ˳ȥԣûԡ
ȷʵδκ˼ͽ˳ȥ
ôһ˼ٰҲһ
տһһΣʵҲûôҪôͼӱݺݻˡİݺγΣ
ôԼΪԼȫ
ֵոԣʵһУҲֻΪңƽΪ˷ֱܻҲҪҵļˣҲΪȼలذաһ᲻ţ
ۡ
пػ֮ģɱǰҴŵǸҪǿˡ
һ㣬ָ߿˼֣˼֡
һỤ㣡ᶨ
˵⻰ˡٰЩ̲ס
Ͷһ顣ջߡԺһ˵ġ
˵̸һغȻȻֹˡ
һ԰ƫϷλܿ죬Ǳ㽫ϯ֮ء
ϳʱֱٰΧǴ
˿Χһȷʵ˾ȡ
ôһƬ֣Ȼʯ飬ưԹĴڡ
Ůǰ֪һؿ
ͨߣɵƷС
أٰʡ
ֻغԶУȴӴ˵Ƶ԰ϽغϡŮء
ٰ˻һ鷳ˡ
ԶһȦʱ䲻㣬ֻԹĽҲòˡ
аԹ𣿡ٰˣ治ᡣ
ð˳жҲ֮¡⻰˵գڱʾٰһߡ



208 ֻҪһ͵ļӸ
ܹƶ
棿
ѧ󡣵Ҳ̫¶ʵ򲻵ϣܶ˵߶ϡǰߣһ۵ġһأͷ󡣡
⡣
ؿӦˮˮ¯ӡ
Ū˸֦¯߿˺ڻҺ˸ߵһ
ˣǿ
ٴá
պˡ
ڸϣٽԹ»
ǰӵٶƣͨȡ㹻ʱ䣬ʱ㹻˻ӻ
յͼã˼ģͼһԹ
ֻٰͼֽǰߣװ˴·ˣһںߡ
ʵʣÿһôߣ֪
̶һصĹͻȫٰͷϡЩʥϷʻɣֻٰһҧѧаԺѧ޻һ͵͵ѧ
²ѡֻҪ˵ϲСҲ࣬ҵҲңѧҲʲôϡ¡
ˣ˭ֻܱ졣
ڲ¶ڱӲȥԵΪԺ
ͨԹͼأѶٽ롣ٰһСŮܽ·ҲͲˡĿ£ɣ˷ǵὫעеϣһٰĿ࿴ǰ
ɹ
ҲһΪԹü˱СҲû⼸ȫϱֳ
ٰĿ࿴ģǷͼֽԼϣȻƾָнԣڶʱڽͼֽˡ
ǽܵñ߳ȥȷ·ߣǼͶء
ٰٴΰꡣһ͵˲ţлΪӢˣȴΪҲ¼ɺȨһǻûϣԼͬͬڵļϡǱ
˶ݵģһںߵɵţһͼֽ˸״ֻ˲ӣ˱㽫Թһ롣
ȷϵбУѱѹһա
ٰŽ֦ͷͼֽϵıλôһһ档ʮУѾõ
ۿҪȥٰʣ
ʣµǲҪˣ
Ҫˡ
еʱ䣬ʣµҲȥŪɣ
ڿЦá
ɱŪôˡ̫´ѹ̫࣬Ҳ˼ǺޣҲһЩЩаɡ
ңҴõĶȷ·ϵıСʣֻҶˣȫڲ·ϡ߹ȥףһҪߴ㷵زˡԣ˼žͰЩ·ϵıţߵļһ￴һᱻԶ˸ź⡣
šðɡġ
ת۵Թڡ
һζӣ˱ٴεҡ
ǽ̫Һŵ̫ʯǰͲƫᣬԹļ飬֮Թ̧ȥ
ҪʲôŵĹŮͼֹ
԰꣡Ҳû˵޸ԹǣһЦһڹŮ΢΢ͷ̨أ治ʣ˿ֹ̱ˡģһ˵£޹ء
ȻһڹŮٷҲõġ
ѡеļ̫ʯͲһϸ첲ϸȵĹŮܰᶯġ
ڵʾ£˽̫ʯֱȥ˾ڲԶļ·ڡ
ǡ⡣
һóļһﵽۿڽǰ·ȴʱһỳǰ·ȷһжɣƱֻߣǱԼȥϡ
ǰܳĵڶˡ
ôһ£Ϊٶȡһʱ䡣
߳ԹǣõһؿıС
ǵһιأ˽֡
򿪱Уһɫȵ
һѰУʮ֮ǰ߼ǵĽѴʮ
ڵϴôˡ
һǳʮˡ
ںϡ
ٰͦذȣǰŴĹŹģ̿
࣬ȫˣ˼ȡЦң
ҲЦǡһ·ջõǰӮӣʵںϲ£ˡ
ȵһ𣿡ˣ㿪˿ڡ
ջ˵Ҫˣٰ۶ֻΪ˴Ȥ
ҽΨһµĹؿ
Ȼԡϲĸɫѡ߾ǡٰûûΣѹûһƬһ׶Ҳɡ
ҾһֻҪһ
Цܶļ⣬֮һɲףȱȫ
иԭ⡭ȵϦȵģԵ


209 ̫˼
ʱԣòżæţ̫Һߡ
սϦϣ˶һ죬̨ϲ˸ǵ䡣
̫ͳǲֹһᵽ˸֮ʣɲŮòϣ衭
֪ǱöˣȷʵʣȷԽԽ˻Ļ䡣
ٰ֮ڶ۸˳ܡ֮Ц֮Ǿ˶˵ӡٿת۱ЦԣΪžǰԸм֡ΡζǸε竣ȻݶСǣűߣҲ澰
֪䣬˾̨Ŀ㣬ֻǿĴֱðͷ۲Ҳַˡһʼܿڽͣɽģ˵Ҳˡ
ʵҲŤͷĴȣŮȷʵƵԹҲˡ˿ңңȣȷʵ˾ϲ
ĴȲͷ⺢ѧʶϲͺЩѧʦѧЩǿѵǴ֮áգǽҺͺֵĳɷָЩܲ˵Ҳ֪Ѿͷʱ͵ѧаԡ
ͦõģʵЦѧĵĹеǣѧЩӵҲǺõġѧӵģŸ˷ġ
ݶСδ˰ɣ̫ЦĴȡ
δ
ҾãӾͺܴ˾Σ
ӺεҼֻٰһֹˣջӶ֣Ŷľģ⺢ӣʵ䲻ӡ
Ĵȿˡٰ֪빬Ѿͷյѵûɴ˿ɵľ棬ȴǱȴҪ˰ٱ
⻰ɲԡҪ۵λţ֯ŮԶˡ˭˵ţ֯Ů䣿ֻҪ̧٣ʲôѶ⡣ţ֯ŮһһأȵæοݶСݼңǺܲļˡ
̫ٴα̬ȡǻ˵Ҫ̧һˣǲѡں֣㲻ϡݶСǻáƼӱ÷伫ˡ
̫󻹿˻ʵۣలҪûϸڶϱ𣿰ҾݶСʣΪΰ
׻ʵ۵˼ߵģǸܸɵġͳݶбʰһ㣬ʵ۱ᶯˡ
ɡĴȻҪٿʱȴ̫üһͷֻЦҼӾҼҽ£Ҫǵ˼
ˣȲˡʵ۴ǡ
ȻĴͷ۵ģɲֹٰٻˡ㣬ҪˡٰǳѾͷҲ֪ٻλȣϲŸйⲻ
ʵ󲿷ֵıһ߿ʱͷʹġ
ٰڵ֮⣬ʣ˻ִߴߴ߰㡣Ծ͸˾˼ɾ۳ɶѺ󣬸Ǵռϱˡ
ٰΪǹĵڶؿ󲿷˶ѡ˷
ЩΪѶȣЩơ
ֻ֣̫ܼˡ
ƣͦȤһԽ⣬껾˿ðŵӵΣգλãܺùȨաƼͬ˼ɽǹأһֱѡǰߵ̩Сƣ·ʱ̫׷ϲֻء
һͬеģغξֵ˵˹ͬأС
ǣξѾ˦ٻ
ֽյٻǰٻȺξȥ׷껡ҲմƵĹ⡣
ٻÿڿ࣬ȴûֹ
ںòͨɽؿõˡ
׳־أȴġ
ԭһ˴̼ĵ죬кüεȽֱⳤıԸǺľȫﲻæĶԹۣڴ̼
ףͷĿѣ
޿κΣֻЪЪ
ǰ˳ɽñߴ·ӽࡣ
ˣɱ֣䵽顭
ǰǳǹͻо
Դ˷֮ĺ󣬶ԱԳɼҲͲôˡ˿̵ֻǱһ߳ŹӿŹͽ⡣ΪȤҲΪһ˴֡
ӣЩ˼
֣һ죬ֻ졣֣ĲȻɽؿʱڳ£ʱȴ˲䱿׾ࡣ
ѡʱΪӻڵءȴ֧֧û˵Ȼ
۹⣬Ĺ˭ĹʢպˣŲˣ˵ϼҲȲǺһ衣
յõڼأ֪ϣɼɫôҲɡֲϣɼ̫ã¡׷ĽŲ
֮󣬳ƵĽŲʹ


210 ˮж
ٰغˮ鿡
ǱŮӭˮ鿶㡣
ˮﶫٺ󿪣ˬ.
ٰۼϽ˳ʳİ϶ֻ߳Աš
һؿ
ʮÿ϶һֻɵıС
ÿ鶼Уȫգ
ϲ˱ÿֻ϶һ
ؼǣԿǰ
תֻתתõضϺͨ
ؼǣôЩ
ǧְɣ
ÿֻиǰֻҡŮ˵пʾ
֣ʾ
Ҫԣһͷۡ
˽ԴӶԷ￴ˡ֮⡣
ɹŮڹϲǣ˵Ϊ絽ʮ߸пһ
ٰһֻҪ򿪣û㱻Ůסˡ
ÿ
Ůֵѡ걦кλüŽ⡣еֱӴߡһؿʼʱλԽˡܳɹλɵúƷܣʥϽջⱦС
ţŮֽ˽·ߡ
ˮȥͨŵ̫Һĵĺͤ
ʥϸÿһ׼

վ˴ߣѵ̫Һͤȷʵвٹ˺šȵȣƺвС
֮Ҫˮ·õˮ·
˲Լͬͼֽϱֻһߡδȷˮ·½·
ǡһؿŮЦʾҪˮ·԰ϰ󣬺ܿܵյˡ
ٰ
ϰϣʲôԣأ
òоŪʲô
ŮȴƿɻЦŽͣʵԭǣշͦá
ԣڴϽ⣿ٰЩСƮƮġȷʵշ粻СűߵСԱ紵ǰҡεġ΢СĹֻ¶ϴɣѲҪԼҡ
ǣ˵ˣΣ壬䲻ⲻ۹ǹӣǱܿӦ˷־壬һһղŸɸɹı졣
ڶתһȦֵһߴ˳ȥĿǰΪֹŸո˿ʼԹʱ仹ܳ֡
תٰȥϴ֣ҶԣЪһ
ٰע⵽΢һգ۵С飬˾
Ϊʾ֪
ŶСû£аɡĸɡѡúȷŰɡ
ٰӦ
ǻ뿪ˡ
ڸüգ۷ǰʾжҪʼˣҪʲôûôʾһ˵תߣˣ˼ŮǱӰϷţȴûҪʲô
ʵٰ̹㶨
ſʼϸϸ۲ЩС
ȫһģһĺУһģһĽҡ
ˡ
뿪һƺ㲻
ˮ鿣ײĹȲƣɹ߾վŮﻹվ
ƤӵֽҲܰ
ҪңѶȲС
˵һеǰɣ
ٰץһɣŶһӦòţģǺöɣ
ѡеıкͽҶ˰
ţ涫Ǳߴģǵ·
裬ģȫˡ
һˣȷʵðƼٻ󡭡
ǰĸıҲӦþǽ˰ɣҪ껵̫䵽ĸͷϣ
¿ǻȷˡǰ㣬ָദˣҲٻǿƽûôα
ǶȣƺҲᵽ˻ʵ۵ӡ
߸ϣһĹСһΪЩĴתУɱʳҪǿ̫ˡһڻӣҲýƿز̹
ƺƼڡ
ǻһûѰټĶȥˣ֣ùԶ
ԼһӣٰȵĲͷʱڲŻ
ٰۣ糣ǲȥˡ
ѡ𣿡߽
ˡװˡ
ǾͺáٰڵķͤǱߵĴȥҪǲۣ㶯
߰ɡ
ٰ֪һһŮǵľ
һͷڵĴڲ֪ģһȺȸ˹
ٰ϶ڵΪȺȸǴӴڷɽġ
ȻոץȸȥˡûпڴôȸȻֻǿû´Ӧǹվ˴ڣ֮װҪ뿪һ˦ӣһȺȸ˳
ˣٰȫҪʲôˣϽж


211 ٰѡѩ͵ļӸ
һ˦ӣ㽫Щȸ˳ȥ
Щȸ˾ţһڶ𡣶վڴǼ»ȺȸԲɣɢȥ
һƼʲô߰ĶĴɴܣһڹŮŵûʧɫеͬʱĴܡ
վڶߴڵٰѸٷӦһʱҽǰһײ
涫ĴˣȺȸһʱȥˡ
ƼڵһʾٰϽܾͷ˳ȥҡ
һͷȸĵСŮһײ˲ԵͬʱӺ˵Ů˹һţغոͣ
Ůź˹һȥɨ񣬶һƬ㣬ٰһ
˲Լͬ޽ңС⽫ҵԵıλá
ڼſ˱˹ȴǹű˼ȥˣʾٰϽ
ƱײôһˣһڹŮʶȥ
ûסȫ˵ײˡ
վˣŮȴˤһƬ
ԲסԲס񣬱šһתºһڹŮ
ԷŮʱɵۣҲ֪Ǹ죬Ǹ񣬷ܲƿɣ
תʱҲСϣץ˸ļһλá
ƼٰѾͣ˶ʼǰײĹŮʱҲȻѱλá
ʼʮϢƽ
ŮæŴɨٰҲ뿪ˡ
ֱ߳ȥԶ˲Ц
ʣʮֻңԵıȫλáϧЩˣ㻨Ѵʱ;˴𰸣ҲѴÿˡ
û취˭ٰ˲ôұ֪ѧǽȻˣǱһؽһԭ̤ɣ
Ϊ˶Ϊȷһֻôһˡ
ˮǰߣǾš
ֻˣٰҲȷϣȻڸȥץȸˡ
Сүķӻɣ⣬˭ˮôóԵģźüȸ񰮳ԵģȻǿߺ˵ĹʧǲϵģǻŸˣ޹йأ
ͤνϸʹ֮ˡ
ͤأһȦ͡
͡
ȫ˱ߣ㹳ںˮȫǵơ
òҪɣ
Ůͤһʮĸ͡͹ӿԸѡһ֮ʥϵʹ͡һزƻ﹫Ӳ˼ɣѡȡɡ
ʮĸԣǲ߸ա
ŮڵͷһеǧҲеء͹磬ѡÿ·ʾʾҲǿԡ
Ҫʾ
ٰԹˡ
ڣ㲻ɬʾ
ȫһֺû˳⣬³ɣƾ۱ټиࡣ
˵Ҳѡһɡڱؿͤѡϲˡ
ǲСãʹġҼȲҪҲѡ̰ƣȴʲô˶Ҫռġ
ٰͤתһȦһȦ
ڸҪȡһȴٰסˡ
ͻȻЦˡ
Ϧϣӳһ
ǧʹͣҪôϡҪôһǵӵġ
ٰͻس򶫱
Ǳ̨Ӣ䣬ԽǺõʹͣԽûӹġԻһҲ֪˭ĺö
ֽѹ͵ֻŵĳ̶ȣϴҲ뿴ĺö˵ıͷӦԡ˵ĸλãûϺڱͿأ
ʵôףôҪţһҲ̨˶ֱʡٰ²⣬Ļֱ̨ͤҲǶ⼸£صĶӦá
෴̫ҺһߣʵۺһڱȫȻ²жϡˡ
ٰ̨±˱ȣ˿һᡣ
ѡ³ɣ
㵹ԽϲҲٰУѡֱٰߵһ͡Ҿѡƾ۱ˣ̰ơЩĳ˷ſİɡ
ֻ㹳ϣԶһֻӡ
ʹͣɺҪЩ
ȴˡ
֮ٰۡ
Ȼöԭƾ۱ָҡǮ
ǸҡǮİڼƽ֦ΪҶ֦ͷϹŵģһſŽӲӵĳԪͭǮϲҪǣػֵǮö
ٰмĽɫΣŨƷǺɫҲʼں죬ϸ廹ͨ͸治ɶõƷϺ¡ں



212 ³
ٰһнŵشԼǱС
һƳʱ͵һӿ졣
ֻһۣϳǺˡ
С
û
һʥּ
ŮϲõʮķݱΨһһݵ˻׿ڶ֮ʹ͡һհʥּϵô˱һҪֻҪΧҪ󲻹֣ỵ˹أɻӰ죬ɾ㡣Ǯʹͣͻ֮࡭
ٰһ
ԭǡ³ɡ֮⡣
Ȼ⻹ǻʵڽһɢȨء
˿֮ϣɲֻһĴڣ
Ҫ˭ã˭ܺáҪ˭˭ܹ
ʥּܸ
ʽˡ
³ɣֹ̫λӰ̫ӻ£ԸⱻԼʥּ

ʥּأܱ֮ܲסܱܲסల
ʥּҪ𣿡ٰʡװϲװҡǮ㻻ɣ
ַɵȰϽ£̨ͷѹ͵֣ءϵ㣡
ٰһϲ嶫ǹ¿ͷ
֪ʵ۴Ǹʱӱһ΢΢ǰ㡣
עģ
ʵһֱڶڡ
ʥּɲԸڵȥջһ˿ģΨڻҡǮٰãǼһƺδϣһ߰ŪҡǮС֮װ˺С
Щһֱڹ۲ڡ̫̫̽ˡÿε̽һġ㣬Ҳ̤ʵ⺢ӣȷʵû̫Ӱ˵˼
һΣҲˡ
ʵŽתٰ
ȷʵݲŮԡ
Ůǻġ
䣬տٰ߱˺ü£˲ѡ͡Щӡ
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ͷķϣӦûԡףݲŮްġ
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СխĴҲֻ۰ɡ
Сֻۣһͷһβ
Ĵ壬ü
⴬ôȥôʵ
Ӻ͹ˮҲõġһ·йڸţ̫ҺҲвѲӵĹġ
˭˵ˮˣ
һߡ
㣬ϰɡڵٰ
ٰͷ
Ҳá
ͷβ㻮
ϴٰ
šڽ
ٰ⣬ˣץʱ俴ˡ
ϥͷʮıٰپ̡Լģ
ȫǱ
ߣԼǸյһա
ˣȷʵһ졣
ٰŸտʼһΡ
һҲһϥͷ˳ȥ
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㣡ʲôأ̧ͷһ۳ȥ
£ڶ˶½󡣡ˣһٻ˴
ԵȡŮлûأ
ٰ̧ͷ
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ȴδţȻûҲûǻͷϹŮ㡣
ֵֹٰܾġһֱɫģˣôĮˣ
Ůһ⿪ӣڸϽ˴
㡭ýڰʯ϶һ£ͳˡٰͷʶʲô࣬ټæҰˣʲô˼ԽԽô£
̲ס˴
ݺһţǳˡ
һ紵ȴǴתԼ޴롣˫æɺ·ԡѵˣЩӰɡ
Ϣ󣬴ɴʧС
⴬ôôΣȴʵôˮˮ𣿡
ȷʵΡխխСʵڲأܲ𣿽շִսƻ裬ϵķǺ𾢣СҡΡ
ˮˮڶĶٰ̫̲סЦ
ǲ⴬⣿ҪҪڻҡ
ٰ˿£ô塣
ˡϽܿ͵ˡ
ɡôһֱڴת
ȷʵŬڻˡɴǲʹΪԵʣǵĴ밶ԽԽԶˡ
ٰۣȷˡ
㲻Ữ
꣡ҲģֻƽûԼĻᣡˡϻôỮ౱ٺǴСū͸ģȷʵûԹȻҲΪСʱЩˮһԺӰԶ֮ϴȥҲ˲ٵ׼ġ
ٰҪģ
Ǵ˿̻ˡɸϽһȥУմϷ磬ٲϽҾҪ紵Ŵ̫Һȥˡ



213 
Щȡ
˼Σɴڴת
ٰ翴Ϸ㶢ŵˡ
ðɣҳϣǵһλ
Ҳˮɣ
ûСүᡭ
û˵֪꣬ıһΡ
£ץס˴أҲڻжˡ
ٰһѣ˱ֻֻˡ
ٰ֮Ц
Ǽ˵ʵ͵һѹСһΡ
ŵãţ˵ʵ
ڵٰ
ٰЦҲûʲôѼӶǣһαš
ҳôˣһߡ
ٰЦòá
Ȼ󣬶ʶǰıһֱ㣬ࡣ˿ͻȻߣһ¾;ԼǰҲƣ˵ĲҲƽ˲١
ٰʹ͵ؽһΡ
ٴνס˴أһҲǺ˼֡
ǽοٰЦ𡣺øһɫɲģ
ѵ
ٰĥһǲж²˵Сĵ㡣
ЦѤ˼֡Сôˮϣ췴ɣ
ս˼֡
ѵЩϲ˻죬ɫɣ
ٰۺץһ㡣ţľֵķֺûˡ
ҪЮ
Ż㡣⴬ȣҡһһ˴
Ҿ㡣Ӣ۾ӢΪٰ̲סȤ
ˮ
֮㡣
ھˡҰʹڰɡ
ģᵽһ˭˵Ҫˮˣһһֻ㱧š
ȥǰ϶㡭İ

ǵСΪֹڱ紵ߣںת
ۿ밶ԽԽԶԶҲڸٰЦ⡣
Ữ
šȻǻġǰ̫ҺϿûٶСơ
ٰŸһ˵꣬ǱѾ
˵ͬʱҲ
ôһһΡ
һһǴٰŴ
ٰһûط㣬ֻúܿ
ͷűܿˣɡ
ϻδ򿪵Ľȴڴ˺档
ٰһѳɱˡ
Ǳˣɽȴֽ
ʪ͸ˡ
īˡ
ϱʾҲˡ
ϸϸжϣҲֻǿܿӦһ
˵վʲôѴҾˡٰһһᵹûλӵġ
ҡ
ºˡٰǴıӵڸǰһ⡭ûˣ㿪ɡҪʱڶϣܡ
ǿδءһأڽб˸ǰΪ˻ĽǸЩˡܣ˵Ҳ֣⽰һٰϣһ¾ˡٴתƽǰС
Ҫȥ򣬴˿ǶϷ硣ֻһάַͺáܰǴȥһһȻƲס򣬴ת͹ˡ
ĸ˶ٿࣿ
ˮǸСѧģ
ڿٰҲܼ죬̲סֱü뵽ðűͻķ͵ܳׯǱԽˬ
ٰһ㶣һЦԼôֲԣôǰܻЩ裿ôôɣ
tҲҪӣԺūͳȺſԸǣ
ģ
š
ԺһūͳȺǣҲ۸㡣
㼪ԣ
ٰ۰ֻҪ˾ֱֵĹˡ
˵ķϣҾͲƽˡЩ˿ɲЦ𣿻϶˵ˣҪڹӳΪӢۡǡ
һ鵹ã˸ͷ˹ﻮ̱λҲǣ˳ŻôѾߡҲҪӵĺ
гȥʮɣǰۿŶνĿ鵽ˡ
ǲҪŶҪӦͻȻֵˡ
ЦĹҪŻˣ˳ݹһĴˮ棬߸ˮһˮ滮ˮƳСƳȥһֱӾݴС
˻һ
ϽʰǣСүæأ
æţǻţ
ٰΣǱߣֱӾվתǰˡ
ֱ棬һ㶡鷳̫ˮ϶С˲١
ٰûֱ̫࣬ӳ֡



214 ʯͷҽ
ٰմˮһѸ𣬴һӵˮ˦˳ȥ
öԷʶһۣһ˳ȥֱӽǸһֱˮݸȥˮ档
ȥ̫ˣˮǹ˼һһȴԼȥˮ档
Ǹƴݣٰһץס˹
ͷ谭ƽȽŶɵǶ
ٰЦĴͬһʱιģʱˣ̫ˡҲñʮݲŵǲǣ
ڻܣƳ۰ϡ
ƺ
壬ȫŶ
Ŷ˫ִʹڶһţһ±ȥ˺üߡ
һź󣬴Ŷ
ٰżæģЦøˣոգŵˣģڣᷭġ
nɪ
ڲٴ˱סıС
ٰתҪ£ȴٴЦ𣺡һ
ʶ̫ǹŶһλǰûõĹˣת߰˸ȥǿ׳֡
ٰһ̽ӿ棬߱Ҳȥ
ϸãһٰмɵۡ
ûȥ
ţ
㣡Լƣ
Ǹչŵһ棬Ŷգ浽Ŷϣ˲СССһţǴ뿪ŷΧʱûз֣
Ҳͷˣ˵أɷۿȥʮֻУ㹻ıԵĽˡ
ôҪƴȥժЩУԸ
붼ҡҪո˵һ䣬Ҳ档
ٰոյƣվŵ߰˾Ѿλһ׳ֶݣ¹ȥֵġԷ֪ˮƽҪǿһ㹫С㡭¸顣
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ת۴ѱͷɿˡ
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ڿվڴͷ磬ҵģһʱʧ񣬽ȷһ뷨
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δΪԷˮ˴
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ŶϷġ
ͣǰٰݺһͷʱһ㣬ͽŶֻڵĴͷ⡣
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ٰڹǰ߸𣬽ֱܴıֱӸߣ
ڳ˴ͷŶ˵޾ϷǵжҲֻƵֽϻôҲ津˼ˡ
ٰϴñвѣԵڸΪһҪ˷־壬һ߻ҪʹάƽԷٰı෭
ܿ죬㽫˫ץŶϷֻжˡ
ˡߵòáòҲһ
ٰǿδءٹӶ䣬ǻ߱ڣҪãСһǣϧŮӢղֻܸɿż
ٰ˫ְŶأԹ̰ģںЦֺ
ôȥУȴֲűе߻ͦοȻ
զ
ʱȴٴΰԼ·Ľջȥ󣬶Ҫúѧ䣬Ҫѧ߱ڵˮ׼
ߵıѾФˣŶϷ˴һһֻСӦõ
ֲߣҪ԰ɣ
˫ְ͹Ŀأһʹϳţӱȥһߣ˳ץס͹ʯʨˣ˶ˡĽ£ȴû㡣
Сĵ㣡ڰüı֪ЩƺЩçײˡ
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Ӵְɡ̫Σˡ
ˣһֻˡֻ˵£һĵײˣһѪˣһˮˣʱǶҪ𰡣
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ҵȥҽһ
˵ţٰһͦקʯʨһͻһߣոպһѿס˸̽Ȱץߵ֡
Żˣֻȥһֻֻؿס
ٰһֻ֣ȥǰֻľиߣȥ·ϡ
ڹסľУһȣϽ
ٰ̧ͷһۣϷһߵϣһֻСŬһ㣬ܹˣʱ²ק֣ŲʯʨҲɲƽء
ôһ룬ûдڡ



215 
ٰһᣬһҲץ˳ȥסһæ֡
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ˣҲˡ
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Ϊ֡ˡ
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֣ڵһѽָˣֻȫץϷµ֧ţάˮ档
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ٰŭˡ
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216 Ϊ
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ովϣȻһڹѾʼ롣ǰڶˣలˮ˹ؿΣգȫȡԹ˵ϰ



217 ĳл˵
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221 ѻĻʵ
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˳ڱϲϹϲˣ˱࣬ͬЦҲǿӲΡ
ˣ˱Բȫ
ʮߵģ˿Ҳδ̫Һ
һǰһϵ̨
ʵȻйǳ⡣
ްԼûʵ۶̫Ӧˡ
ٰбµѪչۣʵ´ڣ֡
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ɽѪ飬ѪպûӵĿӣٴһڡ
ʵԵģһ۵ҹҽøϽȥ¼ҽһ
ڹл֣أԳί
ʵ۲飬Ҳвˬ
飬ԲǶԱ⡰⡱ǻʵۣȻʧ󷸴ͲˬΪ˽ĲͶ
˭óոǳˮ⡣
ôɲǷǣ
뾩ûգ䴳٣δг񡣽ͷһԻ׹ڹ壬˴Ĺ磬ȴ˻ѪôһŪԼʵݲҪలشʲôźź;棬ֻ䰵ȴδһ㡭
ȥలҪˬలذҪ˿ʵҽలӾ꣬⴫ȥĻʵ۵棬ܻҵ棬ƴû֮һ㡣
ڴ˿ֳ̱ƣȻίˡǲ˰ҲãԼʵ۸ѹ
˽ŵķΧȻԭҪֻһ仰һ¾鷳ù˼˺ҵˡ
Ȼʵѻģ»ȥ飡
飬ôո̫Һ±ֻǸ⡣һȥ飬䶨ոڵˮ⡣ܲ鵽鲻ǴͶˡ
ԣֻ

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ҩڿʵ۽ԽתԽ죬и΢΢
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222 ί
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˵⻰˵˭ˣ⣡
һҪٰЦаɣˣలΪˮΪΪˣöҺԹˡһ·û䳰ȷ˵ơұһӵȷҪ̣
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УӵԹҲԸˡһΡҪͷԸȥ

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ĴͷΨٰռ仰˻ʵ۲졣ΪȷҲǸϽڸǰ
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ܱలؿɲʳ֮ļߣ仨ȥУͷǰ


223 ӵ
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ޱڹ죬˾˵ǰֹ̱˼֡
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ˡ
Ҿ˾ΪֱŸ峵һ̵ֱǽҪҾڱҪŬȡЧ͢ŮŮǸҾĸѧǵͨƤëѧǸ游̡
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224 õʥּ
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Ϣֻ˼ϢҪٳ
ΪաҲòؿĽһҪȡٶ϶÷֡ҲܶռҵҲܶҹĸ



225 ŤĽ͵ļӸ
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226 ٰѡ
ٻȴʵ
λӲʺŤŶ˳˱ԣԡٻʵʱһ
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ڹ˳ǱǳˡģϳԵ˾Ͱˣ׽顣
Ȼһգʵ۵Ľ׽ȴǰˡ
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׽ֻһﶼҪҫûⲻܳΪɡĲТӣٴҲãܾҫϣԺ󰣬һﻹֻһֻͺˣͽ˸С
ʱĻʵۻƤЦ˳ڣ̬ԼʤԼ˿룬ºĻȴƷһ˼ɲ𣿵ˣǿˣɲǲڣϾλֻһ˭Ҫ
䣬ʦ֮»
ʵ˲˶뿪λá
ʵ긻׳Щֺαز֮еľ
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һߵϯٰξӺüΣŻϺͻʺ뿪ʺأ̫룻ʺĴ룻˳ԼҷˡЩػأææµµ
ٰ֮ƼξҲ뿪ˡ
һ̶Ӻ󣬲˵Ǵѩţξǰֵ



239 ˽͵Ϯ
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ǰǸ㣬˸ĴʱĴȥǰŽģһӡ
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˵Ͱǿֻĳ飬Ҳһˡ
ʱŮϢбϴˣʺǶʱ䲢δ˽ĴȳʱѺˡҲ²ǸӲһ㣡Ӧ˵˻ʺ

Щǰġûʱͻ˵㡣ոĴҵȥˡһΣƼӽһ˵ӦûǸˡѾ˽ᡭ˵ܻһˣûҡʵò⡭ֻ㡣
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·ɡٰĽŲξ˿졣
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ԶԶиŮһףָһõĵʾ˻ߺˡ
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ţҿǰߡ͵Ǹ;·֮ǰҾãӦл˵ǰɣ
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ٰһţϸ󣬲ۡ˼
δҶҲδ
ƿһ죬Լɼߡ
ȻǸԺ

һ۱Ƽ߹졣˵ԭǸⷿ﷿֮ࡣ
Ժǽ֮УֻһݡӲ󣬾һţûУǸ˽֮ء
лƵĹ͸
ǰи߶
ٰǽġ
ڽԺ֮ǰ˵˼⣬һø߰ء
˽ý䣬ξĿɿڴ
⼸ʮɶ˸
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һӿպ󣬲δתȥԺţϻ˸ͷ
ٰ״ãתͷҪŶ
ǰŵһѾ
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ξҺңٰξźȥһߣԺѹûһۣξҲû¶һľš
ٰԲסˡξ
һ꣬ͷϡ
ٰԺУû뿪һһӸйˡ



240 ˰
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˸ٴȥϡ
ҪĴϷɻûأ
մôŬȫԸôȫǹֵġŮɲܡ²λˣ



241 ף³
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Ц
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̫̫ڣ͸ȥ
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ȡ껵ĺɰְķͷϹЩĩɰ
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Ϲţ֮һô˳¡
ˣ껺ūţôС㣬ֻҪŹһʱ䡣
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ݶС㣬ϽţԸ

죡ģû£һˡȰС㶯ٸţұ˺Ѵˣ˵ӶҵѾͷѾߺˣʱԿɤ
ٰЦʲôӣٱڳǸʲôˡЩǶ֪ҧҲ֪жʹˮӶʲô˼Ƕ˶֪룬˻ҵġҵҪˡ
ٰδ˵꣬ʱСȥɷвҲ˺ԺȰ
õģҲεġ뿪Ȼ˷ǳȰǣϽʵִšϽٶһ㣡
ˣУתս͡͵ûҪǸҧңҾ͸ҸסұĲУóʱȥҵǰһҵϸǰ״һٰ¶ȥָ˾֪ʲôǰ̰λ᧿ΣʺҲҪǣٰһߣû
ٰת桭ʵΪ˴˿״ѣΪ˵һĴϷô
Ǳ߽û˶
ſˡٰ⶯˶ҲзӦ
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㷢Чˡⶫǹйãò֪ȴЧãÿֻһܷӴá
˿̰ܱշ䣬ȴѺء
ôЩʱ䣬Ѿ벻٣ǱȻ
ٰתξô
šξ˵ͷĻˡҪŬһѡ
ôף³ɰɡٰ
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ֻǰĹ̫Ŀðŷɶ˻ΣգҲҪȥһѣһѵġ



242 Ŀ
飬ôӰʱǰ˵
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̫̰ģǲò
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⣬ֻҪٻɲˣξˣ˵ҲһһӮ
ԣҪôٻҪôԼȥΣҪһȻɣò
ԣξһʼϣҵٰ֣ҲٰξĿ꾿ĸƻʱξ˵ԭΪĿֶΡˣû˵
κһҹξ˸׼Ҳ˶ֶΡؽŮʦǶʫȣҲиξ׼˲١ҩҹҵκңκүһ⣬˹Эξ
һĿܿʵ֡
ξմʣɼڡһĻɹˡ
һߵٻȴһͿξûô֣ĳɼˡ
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ԣʱξѾŸҶٻҿ֡
û뵽ĴȻк֡
һ˱ˮһսû·ˡ
ȡٻ
ڱʱŽӽˣ취һ̫Һƺضľ̫ǿˣʼδ֡
˿̣ƺˡ
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ξһᵽɤۣȴǿװ򶨳ٻ䳰ȷ
ӣһ˭Ҫ㣬һŪһ׼ԹԴžܵóԸŵ㣬ԸϧͰˣǧҡ
ٻξһۣʵ˵ʵûȥξ˵ʵɫѰóóȻȥƫƧأ˭ģϾϷ̫֮ˡ
壬ֻ˸㴫û̫Ӱɣ
ҡͷ
ٻû˵


243 Ҫ
һξȥҽȷϸո£ȴպƼ屻ٴν˳ȥ
ԭһ߱ٻӶؿڷƵ껲δݡ
֪ٻ򡰽ܾＸĴβһ͵ǳͶ𣿲һֱţţҪ޸֪ˣ˵仰ѣʲôӣ̬
ջ𣬿Ϊ֤ݻ˹עֻ鼸֣˸ص㣬ͨתٻ
ٻʶ֣ˣ㲻Ҳ˰ɣ
ֻ껲뵽ûܵٻϣǱξ;ˡ
ӺξǸԺС
ξʾǴٻǰ
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ˣʵЦ⡣ݶС㻹ǸϽȥûڣ޸ȶߣˣ
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ʵ˵ţӽԴһá
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ʲôʣס죡ʵһȡ
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ʵ۹Ц˼ȻˣҪٰ˼ȰƣշĹ̵Ҳ򵥡
ϲȱ©֮ˣŷġ
ܱԼƿصˣԽԽ⡣
ٰʵƵڡСҲ㣬о·ˣ㲻ý̫ġ
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249 ˭ı˭
ʵֵˡ
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ٰ̬Ⱥ΢һˣҲˣҲˣ֫ҲӴˣôҲԶ׼ˡһŮӣͿźŷˣƺкܴų⡣
ȻǶͣǻʱԽո͸бȴǿ˭һƽѵ޷ӦԵƺһζûС
ˣٲٲƶҪõ̫ˡԣʵʵͬͲ˵ٴΰ󶨡ţ˳Ϸٴνʵԭ
ʵۼȻҲû̵ⷢôġ
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ʵЩٰΪǮƶڣóҺġ
һӲģҪݼţݲǵҪŭֻ»ðϴʧ֮¸˰ɣ
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ҸһӲ͡˿̳û߾Тܵ׼ɣ˻ϼ֣Ƕ˼ҵף֪ھǹúܺã϶ҺܺáΪǰܣﲻæҲԸΪҲġ
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ˣǽ壬ЧҲܵãϷſġ
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250 ּ
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ٻǿΣ껵̬ȺˣǲԸΪ˱̬ȣϧײۺ
ĴȼɫףֻȰ򶨣ֱ̫ӷɲʺġ
ξѾͷȥĶˣ



251 û
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һУǸ˵ɢƵıͣĴѰ̫ӵĹԼѲӵȫˡ
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ҲǲɣպмڸһŲ֪ǻһˣҲǾ˸ոһֱϯĴС
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֮Ƚ졣
ۺʱ˴ȦȦˡ
ٰȺЦڰ»ǿסŲ飬϶ܿͻҵ̫ӡôٴĳ¶ڼڱӵĻʺάĻʵͬʱ±ڸǣֻ粨Ʋ
ȣСӣ󲿷ֵ˸
㣬·󣬷ȫ޿ܡע¼ֺͽ𣬴μ˵ָöһأĴµҪѪȥ



252 ĸ͵ļӸ
Ǹаĸٰεģޣֲء˿ҽˣһִѣǰܿۡ
һߴٰϽԶЩȥһߡ
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˳̫Ӵ˿̺δֳ˺¡
ĵôʣ̫ӱǳˣȻݡײơϷ롣Լպÿ԰ƻɡ
ͷʾҪ·ְ̫ӷԸԭƻֱԼԭ̫ţȴͻȻ˽Ρֻϧûݣֻǵ˻ʱһƬɫ͵Ϯ֮ŵϻϴϡ
Ⱥڵ͵ͿԼĵƣЦѡ
Ǳ˵ǸԺŴ߱סˣǷҪײš
Ⱒԣʾ̫ӾԺУϽͷǴȥ
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ڵۺδֹ˽룬ԺķĵҲϽ˻ʵۡ
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ƣҽһֻ¯ˮ¯С
˶ۿҽ¯һҺɫ㡭
˸ҪԴ̽Żʺмʧ̬شСȥȥȫȥ
Խ㣬֮Խ࣬˰ӣݼһĿȻҪôһ齣ϱ߷˯ţֹһˡֻڱ̺סӣˡ
ӵϵ廨Ьɢ
ȿȣŵһһŮ
йŮͬ齶ߣʲô˭˲
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ֻŮӡ
һĵģ⾿һ׮͵ԵĴ£ǰеһ𰵺Ǹ֪Ůӣĸ



253 ȫԱ
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̫ӳ嶯ξ
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⽫̫Ӻξ֮ͱ̨ϣǹҪμѿ̧ͷǹҪμΪЦӣڱ
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˵ʲôμŷһҲˣ·˰ɲܡһӵĿ࣬ĴҲòֱͦһѣܲ¶ɣ
˵ʲôˣػͷЦμأ㻹⣿ô㻹ҪμһŷҶ֤ɣ̫ӵ»Ǳξ϶ŵģμװʲô޹
μһΣͷ޼ֻ޲һȭͷӹȥϻμҵʱװСʡӦûᲹİɣʺҲҪЩʾġ
ôţҲĴȶԣԴʧ״ĵѰĸȥʸǰһ
йǰĴпξЩָָˣĴƽͷһ޴롣
֪οڡ
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òףһУͻڼۿͽӭ˶һ̣ȴԼˣ˸ϡá
ʹǸλãξҲᱻЦһӡ
ĸŮȫ˲վȡ
뿪ǲҡֻ©ʲôѶϢ»һʲôֲֻǿԭء
ԽԽ˶߾ۼϡ
Ĵҡҡ׹˳ȴٴܳηˣʺ룡
һֻ̣޲ȥξ
ʲôθɣôŪҲзһ㣿ƺ
ʺ󲻸棬ֱӵɼʺǺεȱŭȥԣ
Ĵȼ֪ԼôƶУֻʣٻԷңߡ


254 Ʒ˵
ĴĸŮһʧɫĻơ
ֽű䣬̫ǰȴƺںɰ﷢̡
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ֱ磺ǰᱻţıôȥǽΪβֱųȥٰϣ
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ԲӦˡ
У뿪ʱ⣬ΪβȥţѵǳԱ˳ŵȻԼǽȥɣǸ©
˽Եͷ
ȷʵ֡
ܶ˳Ű˻ָһƣǽˮ״˿̽ǽ棬ƶĺۼǽá֪б͵Ϯɹ֮ˣӦòףҪˮǽ©̫ˣ
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ԣѣˮԼƶ֤ǽҪ֮ãԺУ׽©֤
İ˻һ±Ϭв˹Ŀ࿴
ڿıɰ˵һ͵ˣѹ֪֮κ¡һ뿪Ҳһֻ֪ԺУûǴһֱڹǺ˵ı˰ɣô֪һֳˣ
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֮⣬̫ԵݣΪľֶηˣ
̩һ׷еıҲǿӲʱɲԸ˻ɡ
ǿ֤
ȺٰҲڸ˸Ͳͷ
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ס߳һˡ
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ʵ۹ɣʵʴȷ˲䣬֪´ֻܹڲˡõ֮˲ܹ࣬⹬֮ˡûа˭ڰ˭¹ػ档עֻܴ»С
ֻôҲ뵽ıбųɵġɵӡ϶²鲻ףŸ˲񡭡


256 Ѵ
Խ֡
ɻصϯĻʵȴȥܾ˶͵ͳЦ
ǻŭҲԽѹ
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ҽԺȣÿ¶ֻʮšʸȡ߲࣬Բѡ
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ⷿʣţ󡣵̫˯߲ã궼ÿ¶ţҲ⡣
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ʵѾ̫ӣȻطļ¼ܿ췢֣ÿֻȡһ¾Ŀ㡣ǷΡһһţһš
ȷ÷ֻѰѬһɱ˯ûܻõôࡣ
ԹȻ̫Ѳϵ
̫ӰԼŪΣΪʲô
ʵۺԺ
Ǳ˵̫ξѷֱʩ룬ĻһӾ
ʵԥǷҪлʺǰҽ˵̫ӵĺɰҵм
ʵ۹һ
ˣˮʯˣ
̫ӣǻʲô˵ģ
Ȼ̫ԵݣԼԼˣ
ô󣬾Ҫʲô
ʵٿվ𣬿ʼת
뵽ոռϰˡ
ѵȻϰ˰ʾ̫׽Ϊľϰˣ
ʵ۾ˡΪԼҪϰ˺Լ̫ӻˡϰ˻ΪĶ֣Ա׼ֶΣߣҲǱ
ˣ
ξֻǸֶΣȻ󲨵ֶΡ̫Ӿεܿƣѡξ
ʵԽԽƶҲԽԽŭ
յĻţҪ˼棬ȥǸТӣ
껣ԼʵʲôˣҪԼȥıֵܣȻԼʵ۲۰ȻԼʵ۹ң

㣬ܽԺĸֹŹ֣
˭Ҫξһ㲼ϲɣҪЩµҩξһץ񲻸ʵڣ

˭ϤеΣܱܿѲص
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޵ģ˼תġԡ󣬱ѰٻȥҪײӡ
һһӱ㱻˻
˶ݡ
̫ʱ´ǽǣɪɪԼξȻδԡ
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䲻ٰ֪ô쵽ģ׾ٰһʱ䣬ȥáǣѱΧ۹
ɲ֣ѹٰûа취
ڼ䣬ԶԷѾĨ˶䲻ĺۼ
˿ҧٰܳɹᱻ׷ٰ˴ԭĿġ麦»ᱻ˷ʲôٰвڳ֤֤ˣᱻһݵʲô˵ҲֱͬӸݲ裡
˿̵Ҫ£ݲǶԿԿ𡣶ҲΪļ仰Լĸ
ע䣬껳ʵѡ
ǣ˳ʻʱҲֻѡ˺ξһһ֪Ĵ𰸡˵ȾƣͲʡˡ˳Ƿ񱻰ˣ
˳δػЦúϢָЩͻϯ˳ȥԺ⣬׼̫ӵʻ
̫һδ¶Դʣֻ»ҧٰ¡̫ӾߴСУŭūûоľԼ˰֪˸Ͻȥ
ū߻Ӧʾȥ
ֻ̫˳ˣȫֹʻ
ūӻо棬ٱʻʱֻҡͷˡ
ԣʲôûʵʵЦ˳̫ӼȻֹ֮٣ˡ
ūá
¡Ӵˣ˼ˣҲˡ



257 ǽǣң͵ļӸ
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˯߲ãһֱ˯أףȥˡʺͷûӣʵڲ˵㣬ƫƫȷͳȥȥռˡ»ƫͲ˵Ϊǣһܡһ¶ڣҪγܲ
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˵ȼ㣬ұмұġί˵֪ʲô㣬ҲδǱġշֱ˵ơ
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סˣߺްŭ˲ȥռүӸǰ
Ӻүӳˮ鿡
ѧʿǰ빬ģʱʺΪ̫˼ұҪۺ̶µͬʱҲǸ֪ᣬ߸棬һҫ
֪үӵ󣬾ûܼϵۺ
үӲµбۺĸסˡ
ŮһֽݵǰʱүһĶŭɶֱˮ鿡
Ƴˮ鿷Ц
ûҵֱ֤ݣ˿̣ûҪˡ
ʵۼүӡ
ΪΪ̫֮λ֪үӵĳֱûʵ۶̫ӵŭٴΰθ˺ü㣡
ֻһۣϳ껵֡
ƣƣԼƣ
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ôθڣΣ
ѹֻʺ󲻸Ҳ飡ѹǿڿ˵˰ȴڻȻʾ»ˣԭԵʾ
ΪҲ鰡
ã
ã
ܺã
ݲ裡ϣ
ǶĸҪԼǽǰ
һһ֮ߣԼʵȻҲλˣ
д
ɶ
ɺޣ



258 ѡ
ʵٴλһˡ
ȻԺУҵ˱˶ķı
׶ʵԹĿֽͱʣīɫ
һģһ
һֽͬһ֧д֡
ī΢ʪ̶ȣҲպʱ䷽ϡ
һָ򣬶̫ϣʵԼҲԼˡ
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ˣҼҺԡ
Ȼʵ۵ϵ棬ȼ
ͷ˴ǣ߳ȥ̲סͷ
ȻϾóǹ֮ǳ˵䣬ˡ
үӵֱԡ޲ϣ⻰Ҳ˶У
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ϻ֮ԣ̫Ϊ
⻰յʵۻҡҡͷ
ʵΪǡ
ʵһԣΪ˴ܣԼʵ۵ıɵˣ

ƽƽƽ
ɻʵ۵׻ӣ
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ٰշǶĥĥܿҲ֡
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ʵۺߺߣˣǸ¨ӻûƽ
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ĸ󣬶ԸԸȡξĻ¡عذЦҲϲξ֮ٺ
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ʺȴֻЦضȣĸлġģĻĸϣһ㡣
Ҫľ仰
ɸϽʵʻʺض㰲λ
ʺһ㶣

Ĩᡣ˶֪ضᱻͻ飬ͻȻȡض񲻵ñЦ˶˵ЦضˣҲǻʺ̫ӵ档ϡ
ϥеʵ۸ǰø檺ض
㻹Ҫնʵʡ
Ϊ˴棬ȷʵˡɺһƤԲƫ۹ⲻԶôҲ˶ӣ˶ʮ꣬ȴǸɡ
ҡûô㹻ǰһΪξ֮¶ȡЦضϱ
˵ЩʵЦŮ㣡



259 ֱӵĴͻ
ֱ˵
ضȢݱξ߹ϱضй⣿Ҳֻˣر
ߡۺǷ飬ȣŪȥᣬƻ˶ˡ
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ĸ󲻼ҪٻٻɡݲʵϿƵס壿һˡЩҪܵõʲô
ĸ飬˱Щȥްɡտʼ»ͷĸæǡ
̫һ㶣̧۹
ʵ۵˼ǡҪջػʺȨ
ʺˣΪãҲϢһˡ
Ϊʵ۷ǣԻȫԸ
ĸˡ

̻ʱ
ϲЦ΢ڸǰѿ
ʵֻƣֻϽⳡûû˵ϯ
ʵӻʺ󵽴󲿷ֵıֺͣγǣеۣеۡ˶ȥˡ
ǣ˶Ĭ˻ʵ۽ϯƽٶһٿ졣
ϻ٣ֱӾ͵˴ͻ黷ڡ
̩Ĵͻʥּ
ȻǲĸŮԼС㡣
ǽΨһʵҲûʵΪ˳˳ޱʵһͻˣʵԵ̧١Եһ͵ģ׮¡
˻ǰּʱʵ۲δ
ʵĳЩɫԺ̩Ŀغڴġ
˵˲ٹףĻںһԸϵΪ˺ֶ̩ҪúøԸѧϰ
ӻ˰ֺö
ʵۻһϢƽֵۡ͸ˣͲСԿˡµӣȷɣ
ʵһöųԲΡ
װ
͡ˣ
ô죿
ܻӹʮסԶܹҲլۡҲһݾӵס
ȻȴлӶлῪġ
˻ʳ͵̫֮⣬˻ǵһʥŵĻӡ
һʵ۸ĸۡǰĩʵ۵Сӣ书ֻɽˮ԰֡ĸۡռĴɶ칤ʲƣб԰ֵĴн԰ֵ¡˱լۡջغ󣬼ʵ۶ûͳȥȴһڻӶ۲ڡ
͡ͳȥˣ
ʺǰ¶һڿš˵õأ˵õۡǻ̫ӵأ˵õӷƳ٣̫ӷأʵԹ˰ϧû˵
ٿȴʵۼһˡ˲ˣ˻ȥ
Իʵ˵ǷˣҼضеǴͻ飬ǿǷϰ֮ǰģǲǸˣӦҼض
ѣϽأͷͷл
ʵȷԸϣԲ˹ܳ
ţʵָС˴˻顣
ֱȵغɽĽţʵ۲ŽͶ
رǰ
ͻ顣
ٰȡ
ԣص˭
ô죿
ôˣ
ûκףûκֱ̣Ӵͻ飿
ξ㿪ˣ˭ôù
ɽʱٰҲŵˡ
ʵۿߡ
ٰͣͳ
Աߡ
շ䡣
ʵЦźշ֣ᵽǻʺ˼
ʺ󣿰ֶŮӣ
˶ȿ˻ʺ
ʺɫܲÿ
ֶŮЦܷܣ۵ߴ˿Ρ
ոˮ鿣ɺѡշ䡣
صϱ̫ӡܡˣϱѡ㼸ҪһݱξߡܱΪӣΪһΪ˲Ц˭ϱʹ˭ŪϱȻʺǷ飬ǲռˡ
շ䣬úãݸߣռҵó裬ȦӸŮ˵ġĹŮ֮ܰǱξǿ̫ˣ
ˣͻʺҲһˣ̫ӺҲǰǰ߾ˡõı
̫ӵǻ˫ػݣܵõҲ࡭
֪ĸʨӴ󿪿ڣʺȻԡ
շ䵽ʮ꿴ųֶŮôĸ̣ˣ
ɵĿ֣صĽƣ̫΢һ׵Ĭͻʵ۵У׻Эˡ
ΪռҺͶǰ̣Ϊ˿ͽҵһУֻЭֻԲֶŮˡ


260 ȫ
˶ˡ
ûӣշҲŵԡɴ˿̵ƫշ¼ˡڳ󲿷˿߶˭֪ǻʺصĲ
ٰˬܲˬ
ȫˣ
ǰ̩ڻʺĴѹ£һλ涼ƽƽͷŮڲϣԶԶȲϽС㡣
صǾǵһ˲Сá
۲СòãɲС㿴˶ΣܴСò߷ĲС˼ڣСҲʡ͵ĵƣֱȥʵ۸ǰҷһ׮¾ʹٳˡȴ˵ʵǲС㲻ԸҽѹţԼŹһʺͿˣЦ
صΪǰţշ
ǰٰ˳ְξӣȴշȥ
һٰܲˡ
շǺù
ǰշٻԹٻɷռܺԶޣӴʧ˴ıӣѲ磬Ҳ֪Ѳ⻹Ϊ
շٸ߹ǰҲǳͷβı³ٰڸıԼ˵ͬʱҪǰֲõշͳһı䡣
ɴ˿ʲôǰҪɣǰշٻٿ꣬ҪأֻĺԺɷò˶þ
ٰ棬շüˣôԨھΡ
ߵշɵˡ
˵Ц
ʵֺһҪȴֽһ˻ȥ
š
صĹĸû֪һͰͳȥˣ
ʱǰմմϲΪ˱Եڶĺóɼˣûõ̫֮λٸˡת۱
ٰɨ۶ռˡ
ȻļλǰѾõϢȫװ
ûһվ˵һ֡һڰʾշ׼ּ
ǣνĹŮȻֻǼĹЩĻ
ȫҲûһܰշ˵ֹ֮ˡ
ǰ˭úõĸҿּһڷ֪ͻֻΪص״¡
ٰͷ䣬ȥװΣ
շּ
ιȥ죡ٰۣ
ƻ⣬Ͻշ䣬ֻεܲһ˿ᡣ
շڻһѧǰĹ࣬Ƥ͵˻ȥ
ôľģ
ʱưһѣŻǿĵǰ
ֺãٳǰסһһҷס
ֻٰʲô˹ע㲻Լϣȡ˶׹ԼʹȭҲΧշǰӸϽסշ˵Ķͷ
Ƶٰʾ⣬վȥһģιȥˡͷˡ
ȫԻȻ
շݵòʺҲˡ
ٰƳ۹ȥʱշӵĺһ΢ʱΪշ߾ȫģĿǷ⣬ûлᣬһа׳
ٰշ䲻򲻵Ѷʱȭ
ƺͳۼ⣬ٰѪٰշϵԶʹˣλŬ
ǣƹȥ˵շн߾ȫͻܼޡǿţͻȻͻӦǾˡ
ۣӲãȥϢ
ôһ˵ٴ𽿵εεշ¶ڶ֮£һʱ˵ĸˡ
˽Թȥչ˺շҪּ֮´֮ٽС
ȻϡͬʱҪȴͻ顣
˼Ǳռ˿ҲֵܱòˣҲ׷׹շ֮˲٣ͬſ
ʺǴģʱûж˵һ䡣Իʵ۲δһڻؾ
ؿɣСòҪּװΰɣ
¿ɿˣٰ俪ʾ⣬ԱŲЩ
˿ֻշϵǳѾ߳һĺ죬շ԰ɫĶԱ£ԵôĿġ
ȴǵһôѪɣ
һڳƤѿڶĹԵøͼ˱ӡ
Ҳһߣһֺߵвʡ
ʺһߺҽһߺݺݵԿɺ޵ĸӡ
ٰСѪôŸλˣŮСȥǰ߿
˵գһʾ⣬շѾͷҺ㱳ӣٰһ߰˿ٽҽڵİ˽ͤȥ
ͤУԱ֮ɣҩͯҲ˺ٰÿ֡
⡭˿ڲذҽһ㶡
С˿ڿĵúأٰࡣʺһС㣬ˣɵúúøСֹѪͰ
⡭ҽǶ˾ٰ֮⣬ȴóȻٰȥ



261 ޲
ٰҪҽЩѹתȴʺѴŮٴҴˡ
ôֶŮʲôȥˣ
ٰҽʺİɡ
շϣת뿪
ʺ󵽳һշ˿ڣٰѪӿۣ㶡
ҽʾ˿ڡ
ʺ
ٰᣬÿʱ㿪׮ҲԸָ顣ȡЩʱ䣬ܺùԼˡ֮Σ˵ɡ
ʺɫҽԵôЩѪɼĵúأϽֹѪͰӣԼĪһʱѲɣ
ǡʺָʾȷҽԴ˴ϵĻҲ
ݶС˵ʲôˣʺʡ
ݶСһģһҺء
𣿡
ʺתͷٰ˫£뿪ӰһʱøӼˡ
մˮ鿹·ϣл˵˼䡣˵޲ýٰƤǡһ׽»ٰѲϵ
ٰ˿̲棬ĳ֣ȴԼΪ׵ĹĸǰԼæտԼ̸ģûС
ˣƺء
˿ںһĴҽʵ۸ǰ棬˵СͷƲᣬ˿ʣǷҪѣְŻʺʾ⣬黹ٰǿȾѪӡ
ٰ˿壬Ѫ泯⣬һ
ػָ飿ôҲ˵ȥʵҲ˼Ƶ˵棬Ӧ´ͻʥּշٰ䡣
ǱٲʣҲֻ
ɹʼʩί棬ȥĨصĸۡͷˡͻݻҪ˵ɣ
ʵ۱ͷ꣬˳Ļȣǰ㲻֪Լѷ˴ɡ
ͻʥּȥԻలšܹܲˣļ
ۡ
飡
ɡضбϰǰϰ˺ߣǶඪˣ
ûпɣ»Ҫ̣ȥʵһ壬һɣֻùԹ¡
ʵҲԸϡ
̫֮ˡ
ʾ˻ʺ
Ų档
ʺǿڿࡣ
Ϊʵ̫ӵʹ֮¶ܲˡȸոϰ˵Ĵͻ飬˿̶
ʺڣЦȰξ
ξػ֮С
ͷúܵͣ˿ɫ
Ȼ˶ȴмʵģбĵģгġ
̲ÿףҲ̫ߵһֵŮˡλɷͬһ㡣ֻҪ̫˳ǻξӦҲܱһ֮λ
ʵϷϱֵ쾡¡Ȼƻһٱ䣬εĹһμܹǴϷչ
ʺԼֻ࣬˵һ;ξ֮󣬲ò˫ȫϲʥ󣬾ξΪ̫淡
ξǰּ
档
һ߷ɵĻϲòί
ٰ֪ЩңҲǵóԸļûߵĿλãҲͨŬľ
淣̫µƷôҲǳɹˡμ˴ӽûָʹҪͷ
ʺ֮ʮպвֱ֮Ӱϲ¡
ʮգô죿
ǰ˳£ԽԽǵԽ˵Խá
ٻҧ
ʮ죿ξʮҪ̫ˣȢޣ̫ʲô̫δ̫̫˰ɣ
ͻؾһᡣ
ָ¿ţָʹдŷָ׶ٶˡ
ߺ޵δȥΪѾϮ
̫ӵʽͻˡ
뿴ֻǿЦ֮յͷϷڵˣ˶˱յΡ
껱ǰ
󲿷˵߶ϡּ󶼱ûˣ֮ռҼҲˣһƺ˳¡
Ȼʺģȴٻ
ѡ˴󲿷Ԥϡ
Ͼٻճ̬Ƶһ˵ξ֡ˣѺܽ˿˭룬ǧѡӱĻ
һʱ䣬߽ܼʵ̲סѾʼͷӶˡ
ʺݴЦȴЦǿ߳˽͡
棬ΪС㱻ѡаɣ
ʵ۳ͷ
ϴҪһڣǱĹ£ʲôɡ
Сձε󣬱ΪģҽԺԺ״ǰСɽ󣬱ȴǾˡԭС㲢Ȼ۹ȡ
ٰһ
Ժ׹ȻǻʺŪǰԺҲˡԺ״˴ߵҽȨ˵ٻ۹ȣǱȻ
ֻǲ۹Ҫʲô



262 С
ȻлʣݴС룬֪Щʲô
ʺֲٻӲãȱˡ
ʺ˵
ǵðɣĺμԣݱˮ٣ʮ޼ҿɹ顣ʱֺ֯͢Ϳԡ
ǵãϾв˻Щӵġ
ǰ죬˴ֵĺδڴŵڶʳǰһգȴһλܼҵڵţȥһƱľ
δ׷ǮˣɹܼҾܾʾǧһΪ˰Ϊ˴ܶΪֻ͵¡˵ֻһҪ󣬱Ҫӿ䵽ʵա
ʱǹܼһһţ˵Ĺ飬ղ߲ݣо˽ٱԵ鼮˼ʮߣμӵΣϲԼһ׽顣
δ˴һƣһֵĽͼֽ£ֵļֵҪӼߣʵΪһôϢã
δ˼׷ȥֻƼԶȥ͸װɴԼɼλʱδæ뾩±ˡ
δߣԭ壬뾩ǰճˣ˵ֻؾҪΪλ빦
ʺ˶٣Ըϡ
ϵͷӦʾȷ¡
˿˶ٻ΢΢졣ԣٻλˣŸִӰãôЩ޿ЦĸоԣΪ££
ң˼¾ڹҵ֮𡣽ձϰ볡㲻ʶһʫʵĹҵһģһּλػ£ǹĹݴС㣡

Ϸȫס
ȻٻΪ̫ѳɶ֣ǻʺȻúúðһΪ˶ӣΪ˽Ҳǽ˵עǰתƺͷɢЩ
Խ󣬱ݼҷ˵֪СΪߣǰ͵͵˶һ˾ųɣǧӣֵ䵱˶ʹ͵õĹŶĸԤ֧ǮӣŹܼ͵˺δС
աΪ󹬱ʣҲֻһԱȣݴСƷб岻ѡ
ҲǴ֪ǰ¤غ鷢ʱݴСҲң˻ܶĴ¤ã˳ɼС֮ԡ
СΪ˸ϳ˺üҹδϢҲˣСһֱģ֧ȴҲδκαԹ࣬ҲδκθߵӲˬҲȫȫ̵ıԡҲδ;
ֵҧյŵ¡ݼֺŬǽ˶ݡ
ҽ֪С²ΪȶΪͺ󣬱ҲˡʶС㣬ϲ
ɱɣʲôȵɺɣΪΪ֮ģɡݴСԳɼ䲻ѣڱȴͷɣ
ٰ͵Цš
ˡ
ٻһյĲ״̬Ҳҵɡ
ѹĴæתӦԼʱ䶼ûУ˵ĸŮҪΪ׼
ǰٰһֱʲô׼ģ˿̿Ҫô£Ӷô࣬ܲæ
ҲѹĸŮǰ㿴ؽաЩ߰£յٻǺεҫ貣գ͸ʵһհ
ȻĴȵĵһֱеġ
ֶΣİģ׼ˡ
ֽʺƵġ
ĸǡ
Ư
˭ܲ˵һã
Ը϶֤
ǿУȻҪɢٻ껵Եǲأ
ʺȻҪϱϴˢֶԻס
ٴ渵
ٻʧķ衱֮Ҳ˽ͣ
˵ٻ֮УҲϵ顣
εԼ˱ˮŰμۼƷ꣬ûк飬ǻɷǶսһ𡭡
ٻ̫Ͷ룬̫ңþû롣˯Ѽξü¡ʵˣȴʧķ裬ᡭ
ٰͷͷǵĽͣˡǡֻܡ
£Բˣ̫˲ˣ
ȶӦǰٻԿˮޡ˺һȡЦ˵ǣٴεٻϵķԡ
˹ɢȥٻֻϣɼˡ
ǰ̵ƽÿ֪
ʵһӣһơǲԼûءǷ֮˵־Ҫʲô
ΣǻػֶΣ˳͢ԱιߡˣȷʵǷʰ̫ͣˣ
Ǳ߻ʺܽ᣺
С㣬ʵ벻бʵ̫ѡСȡ󣬽ӵд˷ʰΪΪ֮ģ̫£



263 һ֮
ʺڽһġ¡󣬿˻ʵۣ´ʥּ
ʵлްûпڣֻǸ˸ȥ˳ó׼õʥּ
ٻǰּĴȺٰҲԼݹȥ
ǰһٻڽճ׼̫
Ȼֺܲһ
ʥּ̣ٻĴȵЦˡ
Ϊʵ۸ͻʥּϻһ䣺齫һС
һꣿ
ʺҲ㶿˻ʵۡ
֪ʵ۾ǹӦǡǼɣҪǡˣ̫ӣμ¶ڽеһꡣ
ʵҲûͣ
̫ӻûй񣬲üųɻ顣淲ǽ̫Ӹ޾μҹȥϸϣ˼ҵŮɲûˡ
ʵۿξμŮδλĲ̣ͷûһűһȱѹŵĵ
ǱϷ½ξһѣʾȥһٻݸ̬̫űɣûûᱻѹٻһֵ̫Ӹ񡭡
ξߡ
˳߳ȥˣߵлʥǴμҺ͹ȥڹά˻ʵһѣűǱ̬ʥ϶裬Ůģȫչ˺̫ӵ£Ŭֵ񣬾¸ʥϣŮԵ߾ȫ
ξС̫̫ͣ˰죬ֱξʵ۽Ҳûֵǫáȫûаٻŵ˼Բѵؽһ
ãСȻ֮е껶Ӧţ޺ͻʺҲʱˡ
Ϸ˱ǳξ䣬ƼŮ˫ԣʵһޣ׻ǽ˿ڱߵĺǳˣΪβһٻţİ󡣡
ξһתͷں⣿һֱôˣ
ģһʵ˵ȥΪҪȥٻ·
·ѾˣԺôߣԼ˵㣡
ʵۻڸĳɣЩɻкôСԵʣݴС㡣δǾͲһʱݴСӲãǺúýЩֻӣ֦ܿɢҶǣ⣬̫ӻ²С£ʱϳЩ׼ҲЩ¼
ʵ۵Ĵһѣ䶼
̫ӺĴȶǽţȴûһɱġ
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ּʱ˳ҲǰĮ﹧¶ȡ
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ٿߣ̫Ӳˣǲϲᷳǰߣʺ󲻸ˣκͷܡĸҲȫʧҲ״
ٻͻȻָоոջʺǸ½еԽߣ˿̵ԽԵÿЦ
һ갡
һʱ䣬ôţ
һ꣬
Ҫһꣿ
ΪҲ£
ٻɨۿ̫ʱȴƳξ
֣ξ˿ΪֹЦõһˡ
ͷһ飡
ξʮպţҪһꡣ
˵һ꣬㹻ξ£
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ոճξ̫ºһ̲ȷξȻֻݷߵİǣֻƵóѣһİǣ
򶨡˵ξҲ檣Ҫƺƿءξ̫ӻ̫Ӹ¶ᵱǸСҲǸֺūšξıɹͷҪҪڲ
ķòײŽһУǿû˹ȥιξͷ
ɴ˿̣һжˣ
һʱ䣬㹻ξȥ̫ˡ
̫ûбŮˣȨʲôı
һʱ㹻ƿ̫ӺԺˡ
һξ᲻Ӷˣ
һ꣬ԼпֹºӵĻᶼûС
ӡ
ӡ
Ҫ
ɲҪְ۵Ĵڣ
ξǸλµңǺӻܱԼߣ̫ӵһŮˣǵۺ׷淣ǾԵӰ
ٻ˼Խʰ
ͻȻ֣óԸһ㶼˲ˡ
ԣξǽյӮ
һʱ䣬˵Цˡ
ԴʵڿЦɣ
Լ̫ǸЦ
㣬ϲ㣡ٰԶһЦ
ǰƹһҫεΡ
ˣǼˣ



264 ˫ϲԸ
ʥּٻǱĴȷŲ
ݼҽտϲɺأȻϲ֮ʱϧݽȴڡʵ۸¾Ʊٰ˿ڡݽʵ࣬ݼŮɫ˫ϲҲΪɡ
ٰԣһ
˫ϲ
˲侾
ĴȺٻͣס˽ŲֻٰδţԴ͵ʹˡ
ʵֻƼٰͷپ亩ɵֻʾ˳
ݶС˳ڡ
ٰеֻ̾վ
ڶʵ۳̧̧°͡
һ
˫ϲž˼ɣ
ȻݶСҪˣ
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ٰ㣬ٰҲҸڰƣǸˣ˸գ󲻿ԡǿ΢ǿռǷҵģҵģһ⣬ǡáǡá
ķ񰡣Ǻòת񣬺òıգ⣿һʲô©᲻ӰٻμңһԾĴƣ
Ĵͷ۲ѡ
оٻˡٰµʱͷˣʵûʱҲڲֽʰôһȦʵۻǲϷŹٰ
ʵٴ飬ЦڣݶСΣ
ڵС顣ڵһο顣С£Ҳͷˡ
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֪ڸҪڣȴͨһ¡
ԱߣĴȹˡ
ҼҰݲӡ򲻸ҰĴȱΣֻӲͷƤӭѶϡֱӦ£ʥּһ䣬Ǳȫתˡ
ʵһĴȡ⸾ˣӶãʱڷŻ£ôֿʼֹˣ
ʵӡ
ˣ˵ɣðڵ˶ԼЦ
ĸ˵ˣݶСˣȤձԻʵͷɡ
ʵҧҧͷɡ֣˵ϹٻĻʺһۡ
ĸ뽫ݶСŮʱݶСϱĽ֦Ҷϵϣ볤áϣҲڶƽˡ޵Ҫ˭˵ݶСݲ
ʵǺһ۸Ĵȡ
Ȼ޵ãʱԻ׼һʲƵļױޣ䣬ҲǶٰ˵ġϲȸŵԵ֮á

Թԣ
ôֱʰǰ;ͳٰŮô̧٣̧٣̧٣
ԾŰ
Ů˻ʵãεЦѣ·ܺ˰ɣ
ֻǻʵҲû뵽պܻῴɫĴΣȴٴζײ
£
ϣеҼҽһԣΪҼҶ˷ң죬˵Ѿʼˣֻǲ֪еһ׶ΡҪҼҽ
Ĵû취ˣֻʹɷơ棬ɲ۾ȥǵñָ
󵨣
ʵ۶ʱŭȫΪĴȵŷԣҲٰǷףҪ߶߶ȫڴ̽ڵĽ࣡
ЩŮˣûһ˳۵ģ
ݷˣ޴˿̲˼ιʻŲ죿Сײ֮
ʵ۵ŭк˽һݡȫΧ͸
ٻҲ˵عأ²Ҷ
ϷʾξȥĴϻ
Σξû
û̫Ӳˣȥһţһ죿ξĿڡϾʮպҾ븮ˡ

Ϸһƣɲ̫ӶĴȺٻǻģȫ
ǰŮ淣ݲףܻܲû븮ͱˡ
ǣֻ̫̫ԼһʵϢŭһߵ̨ʾĴȸϽȥ
ʵ۵Ѻľֻڣ
޼ȻӦҪͻ飬ʱҲӦݶС䣬޾˾ͦʡϾ˿ǵ˱Եĵһڶ˦Զġ˹ӣһҲܺڴ֣Ƕ¡ָܳá޴ݶСͻ飬Ը⣿
ʵǰѹ
˳ֽ˿Ц̫ﶼ֪ˡݶСѻϣø𡣡
ڲδ˼ãҲһϢ˾
ûһ㡭üۣݶС˳ЩҪ۸ԸӦġ
ڵܺáٰȥЩţɵ˿Ϊֹûֳ̫ķӦûӦ°ɣ
Ϊ׮£˲ģǵӶˡܾ˰ɣ
мֽţмڴ


265 ԸⲻԸ
㵱Ը⣿
ʵ۾м˳ˣڵĸǰ
ԸⰡϴ͵Ļ飬ȻǺõġ
һЦҲǽ˲յʵ۸ǰݶԹΪˮ¼졣У֪⣬Ҫ̫ˣ˵Ҳǻ϶ԳչˣǸ׽һˡ
ԼӦҺɡ
˵ţСĿ̫ӡ
㣬̫ӵӦ߽Щ
ʵüͷһƳ껡ǰҲȷʵ˵ĵ⡣
ԻһƬҸжԸ⣡ڱȭһ񡣡ҡ
һЦ
ٰǰ̵õЩǰıΣǵüңͷЩҲȫޣǵҸصϡеһͨˡ
ҲɣʵбۡСӡȻǸǼأʵ۵Ҳһ˲١
Ȼأڱɡ
ʵۺ⡣
Ӻɷ򣬱ôСۡ
СۣǾʱ򲻿ףʤֱԾǶԣǴˮ֮ӿȪ౨ռұˣҲҪġ
ʵݴЦôȻలӶҲ⣬ޱ㡭
Եȡ
ٰ֮ͻȻ֡
ʵֻѯڣǲˣ
˽ԽͶʱٰѾء
ϣŮԸ
ȫѻȸֻʣ˽ϵĳ
ٰ˵ʲôԸʵ۴ͻ飬˵Ը
⵨δ̫ˣη˶ϺˣС㻹ҸϽа壿ǿɼΣȴǰ
߾ۼٰϡ
ξŴ죬Ĵٿٻͷֻһ֮˿ǣٰëʵۣ᲻ԼҲˮ
ǱƼȣƸǼõ˿ӣٰĿбӣǼһͷȥ
Ѿˡ
ǲԸ
⣬ǳ嶯Ǿ˼ǵġ
ո֮ûеһʱֻ̬ΪһӦʱȥӦʵۣȥʵ۶ǡ
˶ѡ
ԭһϣĴϣδܵסͻ顣
ֻԼˡ
ûڡ
֪϶ʧ
ֻõѡ񡭡
ȷʵû뵽
û뵽Ǿܾˡ
һ˲ҡ
׶˵ˡ
ںʱδȷӦ£ȴҡˡ
ΪΣ
ͷζӳ£Ǳơ
Щܡ
֪ܾ׮¡
㡭˵һ飿
ʵһֱݶͦ飬ȴû뵽ôֱ˵ԡû뵽Լᱻ棬ӡ
˲䣬ʵ۵ˡ
Ůܼలӡ
ٰôĵӣץ˻ᣬ˲Ϊ˷ܣҪּ𣿸ʸͻǶ䣬ѳõ
ٰû껣ǳʵһͷ
ּδ£Ůϲ㿹ּһϸ˵ˣʱӦлŮһ䡣Ůж֣ŮԸలӡŮ֮䡣ϳȫǿּ෴䡣
ʵԼոĶ˵ʶٰݵͼ˸ʶңѹûܾȫûǹԸԸ
ΪβԸĸһøʲ𣬻࿴˻£
ٰĵʵ۶̧˱֣Լ˵䲻ϣֱӴͮΣԼǵʲôʱ򶼰ѾǰʵҪָ飬ǲᷴ
ûá
ΪӣŮᣬŮϲŮֱɣֻ򵥹ӣԸŮ
ʵۺ˽
ֱס
Ůӽϲϲߵģ
˵ġʵڵΪˣĸŮϲͳٰ˵Ҳв˹Ŀ࿴
ڶᣬδԣЩ⣬Ȼͳˡǵలûгʲôأʲôã
Ůٰ
ٰԼԼȡŮˣܵúӻలصģʱ磬ǧһ¶ܻңŮԸŮòײŻصУòײŹϺӡſ죬ŮʵڲԸٳԿ࡭
ٰ¸̣б»ʵ㿪ڸˣʵѹǰڵˣѹûలأǵһѹͲᷢǣ
Ҳٴݶ˶ٿ࣬ˣͳŹӰ
ʵҲǺݺݵȺμˡǣµǣ
޵Ŀԡ
Ů˵ˣలǲë֮أȥ˵ñܷ˪ƶӣսҲ̫ƽȥ˶˼ܻ꣬ᡭ
ٰƿڡ
عѡټޣΪū֮ʲôܷ
ⶼĺ
ǰμϷ˸ҵġ



266 ٰһ
̫ŵֱӴϹûе¡ѾͷôҲ벻ٰǰԼŻĻڶ
̫һĴٻҲ׷Źһء
ⲻ֪˿̻ʵμǳ׳˽ŵһĴڡǰٰͷźţǺξģ
ôʲô¶μҵķݣ
ôʲôʱǶҪһţ
ôһֱҪȣ
һݡҪ㣡
˿̻ʵ˼ϣ׷£ᷳӣҲû𣬱ֻδƼ˹š
Ǳˬ״ϽץסͽʥģٰһȰ˵ֽలĺøһ飬֤ԲܷϷ˵״ĸ̫˸ŪǷǵ¡
ٰıȴɲϲŭ
ٴߵ׵
Ůĸز꣬ղŴ󲡳ŮһŮȥǧ֮⣬ӦˡŮĸչšТΪȣŮΪŮТ˳ҪŮҪТϳȫ
⻰ûëĶûë
ʵڴ󲿷˿Щ񣬷˶˸ϵĲ͵ձĴԣǣһȺصμû粵ķΧＹ֪Щ
ٰ֪һТ֣ҲһʱǰڸնԻʵǿġ
ТǺõġ
ʵ۸ڵĻҲ֪Լ߿Тӣ
㵣޿ɺǣҲúӦԴһھ㳤ּңҲ㹦ûˣܷˣ
ھͿԻ𣿴𰸺Ȼ
ŮҪԼտչ˼УҪͼСһȴʵ治ԸԶǧŮԸϳȫ
ٰһΣߵء
ʵۻӦóձõſհʥּˡʵ۵ӦԼôţܲܳɣ
ˣ̫Ů޵ã׷ھ㶼Ҫҿܴ棬һ׵ݣҲںɶˣ
ǣ
ٰԥݵһߵ
ʵ۴ӵۣȭͷˡ
ſһ˵ῼһ죬˵͵ҲӦ¡βִִ󵨡
һʶȤģ
Ӻ˵˵Ƕţˣһéʯͷ
ϣҲԸ
ȴʥŭǰͻعٰߡҲԸȢݶС㣡
ˣҲ㿴ˡû뵽㲻ʥŭһͷͳ塣ôȥյһ¶᧿Σˡ
Լٰһΰɡ
ҧгЦһ
ݶСΪҾͷ䲻Ȣǻʺܿ㣿Ůܾң
ٰһ̾Ƿˡ
ڵͼͰʾ
Ӹ֮ӦµҶˣӼǼǹЩԸȢңԸ⽫һӡ
ˣ
ڲըˡ
ٰôҵĲҵֵֻǼʹͣҵʲôˣںܼǺ˼֡
λ֤գСүҿٰҲҪΪҾܾϣܾ׮£

ʵͷۡ
ˣȻ˶⣬±㡭ʱ˰ɣ
ٰͷٴüͷҲٴ
ʲôʱˣ
ʱõ˼
ʵ۰ʵۣأ
ٰǲµʵ۲װݣԲӦϧײԣʵۻûġ
ٰ˻λ
ƺͳ֣ŷȫǺ󱳶ʪˡ
˽ߵĸ˻ȥٰ˵ĻԼ֮ɣ
ٰΪԼȥˣǳɹˡԼ¶ûƿأʲôʸȥ
˶ЩĽٰˡ
ٰ˻һĿ˳Ƶֺ˲Ļˡ
ٰһֱû˲㶼Ϊ
һӣ죬ƺϲٰˡ
ϯķΧԽŹ֣ڣһܽˡ
ȻϯβȻһʥּ
еһ֮ƵĲС㣬Ҫڰ³һ빬ˡ
ٴξ
ûɣ
ʵǰֹͣѡ㣬Ҳδˣˡǡ
ϸϸһСλݻͣ˿λ빬޺ܼӷһϼȻϦ׷⣬ǵ̴
ƾŲСòͼջʥӦòڻ£ôһȻǳǰ̰
һзţ
˶˻ʺ
źš΢
ǻʺ˻ϣھ棿ǻҪ֤䱦ϣҪ˵Ҳֵ׳꣬ÿЩ빬
ʺıЩΣѵ֮ǰ֪飿ˣ


267 ȥʻ
ϯ
ʱʺסĴȣ˵ռ̽շ䣬ĴҲǰռң̫ӡٻξµ֣˳ѺҲϡ
ٰڶУǺС
ǽڡ
Ȼʱ䲻磬ϡͿǽŪˣͬξһҪŪǰɡ
Ҳȥɣٰƺ顣
˱д˴㣬Ȼˡ
ע⵽Ļͬеġ
԰ںߣ˴԰ʱƼĳȥˡ˻˵ЦȻ
ٲ
ϦϾȻûȥȥ˹ǶǸʲôźţ˻ͷЩ߸߰
ٰ㳹׷
һ죬ֱ̫ۡ
һжֵá
ȻٻߵһǸλǽнԶ
ʵ۵̬Խԣ̫ƺĻԼ԰˻ӵ̧٣βʺ棬С빬ͽ޳ֶʵ˼ʵ۲ʲôƲ磬ϣ֮֮ĵ
գʵӦûбĶɣ
ٰ̲סЦʵͷѹ뷨ӽѹϲȥ
껵߶˸ξʹþֶЩ
յռҸ֮ʡ
껵˿̶в֪ռҶԹϣΪռңλ֮·עǾԴԡմѧʿںֺеĵλ˼ҡҡͷԴ˶ͣסš
ٰƣȴ޻ڡ
Ʋø껲ǴҡôǰܹԼҪӣȻҲܡռҳ׷껣²˵ŸǴ¡
֮ͷܺãֻҪȥӦúˡ
һ˳⣬ʹͺͽٰͷɣҵĻҲˡЦֱ
ǻϲ
һ뵽ڡֻ̾˿
ųǰ˰죺ƺû˺ʹСأ
ȥμˣǰ˵ǲҹξҪŪӦʺ̫Ҳ飬æأ
μҹŽغ᲻𷣣
ġ˵Ǻﾫ̫ĴҲΡٻһ븮Ǵ˿̵ξɲǡ
˵ٻǵʥּмֵȴȲξǵʵʡξиΪġ
棬һѯ£ʱξضҲһᵹù˵ξûٰᵣģ˿ȫûҪˡƾξ˿̵ĵ߻͵ٱ½嶼´ࡣ
ȣٰĵշǱߡ
ظСѾǶ
ɻˣС¿ˮЩꡣ
ˣٰƼСɾеӡҲЩҡ
Ϸ˴ڴŵţ˵Ҫȥʻ
˼Ƕ
ǡסǽ㡣
ٰɫһ䡣
ʱˣ⾫ͷã
ٰ˼ҶŽõļ䶫Сɾߡ
СҲٰ뿪ֵ
Ĵ븮󣬾ͰѾӵ½˹ӡ
òײţҲˣ֮㿪ʼϷˡ
ʩüΣϷ˾ǲѡ
һֱʱҩϷ˲Žתѡ
һʱ󣬻ָϷڵٰԺӣڿ˵ٰ͵ĶҪٰȥѡ
ʲôȴֱһȺ¼ūŲ֪
ԺūŻУȻζԷţȫԺ⡣
֪Ϸб֪ĶŪ߰˸ٰԺǰһſ
ˣԷϱռ˾Եơ
ٰڣ޾壬һ˶ʰˡɶԷϷԼǰߡ
Ƕϱһء
ɼˣҲûá
֮ԱϷ˵ٰɲٰԱ۸ľ𣿴˿̫ǿ׼ٰڲŸҶ֣ԲöԷóѡ
վԺϷ˺һľ棬ǿٰ֮ԻظǼĸһϵгŵоͰδýԺС
ϷԼѰǹˣӦȽѰϼ飿˵ǹɣǷȥ֮Ҳɣū֪վӽˣոǽ֮˱кüʮ
ǹɣҲõҼҹ֮ѯʣҽæѰʧóȻȷ֪Ҽҹﲻ֮ʱԺӡô˹֮˸°Ů˾Ҽҹһ㡣ΪϷū澻Ϸ˼С
ǹһ
ʱвūűߵĶ



268 ԺĶԿ
̫Ц
˲ðϹȻ¼ӣūŶûûأ
浱ԼûƢ
øݵѾͷû̹ʲôǹأĴٰҿɲëӲ񣬲Ƕ⸮Ů˺һҶÿͷοһūţˣȰѾͷץѵ
̫̫һ£ųУһѹϡ
ţССëѾͷܲ죿̣ƨҲùģ
նӶϱٻٰڲڣôӦҪ֣ҪѰ㣬Ѱ棬ͱŶӲڼҶ֡ҽԺ˱ѾͷƬס˸µЦҪģ
ֻ̫û뵽ǲûţŤͷֱԺŸסˡͷȡµԿףǵϷ׽ԺУҲ֪˺δ
ٰӺСҲץ˸ˢˢվԺſڡ
жźͶԿ֮ơ
̫״ŭ
ùӣôǻҶҶ֣
Ϸˣǹ˵ˣ˲ҲˣңһȥЩӶһ׼ģרˣϷ˷ģǾȶ֡
Ǳֵ޾壺
УѱϷԺбֻʣ취ҪôǽҪôײšǽݣϷ˲мײţƣȶˡǾ䣬Ϸ˼У
ĿɿڴͬʱҲջ
һūŵҽѵв
𣿡ϳһ𣬡ϽѾͷץ
һȺԲΧסǡ
ٰȴǺ˻ȥš
ϼ״
ȷʵ볹ͻ
仹ĿԽԽ״¡
֮ԴôţҪšջΪ˱֫ͻǽſڵʣ֮˱ֱȥײˡ
Ȼʵڽƻ
޹⣬ֻʾūǽǸסˡ
˶ڣǼһͱס
ûûСԺͷȻҪЩѵ
һȥֱˡ
žžž
ݺ˳ȥ

նʱ
˵һ飡ÿ
ƣ˶ԷͷҲѸΪһ£ʣūŶԹġ
ȻԺеūžǵһѲ
˲ſڣһйǰ׺ݣҪƴһ֮ơ
Ϸ޴棬ٴγ֡
Ǹ⡣
δģԷūҲ̡
֪ԽĥԽˣֱײš
ֵ࣬ϾūšٰڸмҲ޽ãԲ˸վȰһһ¡
˶֡
һĶԿٰūδжҲȫס
֪ˣαţ
Ƿһ˱۵ˣһʾײšɲŭϷҵʧôʰĸӣ
Цʷ֣ʱҪʰǣ
һһʹ򣡡
ҧʲôףҹϷ˱˸ҲٰĽѾͷޱȣԹٲйҪˣ
ٲʵɵСЩʱٺڿɾˣ
ֹȻüҽ̡ԭӵĴòϷ˵ͷȫǷ˵㣡
һ⻰ָλ𣬱QǸǰֳơ
ϷҲūűţӲ³
Ϸˣλ֣ٴһȡ˵ˡײŴԺûѵνʧͱǹˡʱԵʵ棬һһʹ϶ٲˣ˿̲ţʱȾˣ
ǽԷĿŻ˻ȥĿ£ЩٳȻҲ
ڶֵūһ׷׿ϡ
ϸŭˡ
ȥʱݺ⡭
ײţ
ٰظǰŲԸ븮ǣ࣬ȥѡӵͷȫǾͭ졣ĴԺʱٰҪ󣬴Ű嵽ֶǺòϡ
ײźܷѾգһ£δȴˡ
һŬŰȻء
̫Ҫһ̧ۺȴǽŲһ
ٰݸǰ֪ʱվ˸ϡ
ԭ̫ţŻȴԼٰԺŸ
˰뱲ӣΪ˸Һ׵ٰ
ɼȻظˣٰҲˣȻҪı
ٰµŬӻظĲŮȣٰǰǿƣٲ˳ܡ
ŮڣŮŬĳɹȻ



269 ǿ
̫ǰĸϣȶǰǸŮӴྶͥ
ϵ̫̫һ
ϷʲôǶһվȴ˵ǿ͡ϸȡҲ˿㡣
ҵ£޹ءҹкճĿΪϺģ겻Ϸ֡Լαض֣ĸģλᵼŮı磿
¹ذҵ¡Ϸˣ˺϶ˡ
ңͬūš֪֮ÿϵٴΰθߡ
ûѸϷ
ŮӣһԲ׷ӣԼһȣ檻ö
ֻϵ˼Ϣȴһû
ÿ
ҡͷǰԺӡڣӣ
Ͽˣᵽߣ˭ҪݣȰ̵̤ȥ
ֿסŰ֣ţضˣ
ң
ҸҲң
ϵһζײϣָһڳӣЩҿɼסˡ⽫ˣ⸮Ĺϵ͹ҲҰѻ˭Ҫһ£䲻ܱ֤ϳȥֻһԺɨ⣬ҵӿɲ̫ã˭ҪôԸλе
һΣֵˡ
ȷʵҶٰȴҶϡ
һ˸ϣŮԶޡڶζϣŮֹ뽫ҲھС
ϳͻԶ׼ӻƱֵ죿
һҲԥˡ
»ظС㴦ǿƣ˺ʹС㶼֣Ǵ䡣Ըһˣð˸β֪άưոһġ죿
Ȼ˵˽󣬻ǾٿһѡôأҪ棬Ҫסĵλ
ÿţұԺӣ
ҲÿǿơңôҶУһ٣ҶۣʱѶ٣ýȥӣ
㣡ϱѪӿ
֪ûǮԱŷأ
ȻȻɣβͲʮ꣬¶ˡ˵ٰҰССǰ񣬹ȻǸѧı£ϹŻôЫЩӲᣬҪЮһһı£Щָ꣬εװ
һʱҲ֪Ǹüˡ
û㣬Ҷϡ
ô뿪ֲġ
Ժӣȴֲ̫
˫ôסˡ
ϸֱ˸һȦΣôٰǰ
ⷬšѿա
ʾūԺСѰʧ
ѰңҶҪǵģǲˡ
ȻӲıҲױ¶Ҳģ޷Ǿǻݲݣľľ򡭡
б¶
Ͽ˸Ǹ飬׳ȥ
˲Ҷϣ
ۼ쵽ǰϵۿԶԹܼңȥ׼ɡСҪظˡ
ԭԹܼңźԺ˸ɸ꣬æϵˡԹܼǰ콫ĸŮӸҽӻλ֪Ĵȵˣϸյϱ˴ԼԺгȥˡ
˿̸⻰һԹȻһߺšס֡һ߶Ϸ˸ǰ
˺òף˴۲ŽͶСӸŪСǹؼʱ̣ǲݰʧͻңҪ֪Ҫʲô
һǣ
ԹܼңܼҵģӦ˶Сʲô˿̶Сͷ˲ڣѵЩͲˣСԺӶˣСסȥˡҪظҡȥ׼ɡУԺӱңܼҲͷЩʱһ򽫾棡
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ٰ˵ţɨڵһ飬ֱŵ÷ֱסͷ

ˣҽ飡ԭǴ㰴ǽԺеĲ񾢶˫رǣٴǹȵģТ˳ҾĸԽձһ档
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ˣԺʧûŷƣ档ݣ˿ڸ߹ǣóʱϰѾʣʹಢԶĵСҪ
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ٰȷʵһ̫̫צŰŽǺһʰ
˳ٰҲ뵽ݼҸߣϷ˾ͻؼ𣿴𰸿϶ǲӾͲǸöոջлҪ뿪ϷҲỻַʽôпǻὫ黫ȥŮߣ
ٰ÷绨١ϡһЩ绨Уһëⶼ˿ϡˣλùøĸᱣһ㹻Ϸͷۺ۵ļɹ
ģģ汨
˿̵ķޣԺֻĿ޺
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ɡ
Ѿͷ룬ֵո˵СԺҲǰԺүǸҲڵȡүҪùЩѡʵ˵ǣǸûϣ



276 Ժë
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˭ܽүһԵõӣ
˵գһŰ۾ϵȥ
ֵ׶ӣУ̫̫ιȥˣ̫̫ٴλԲѣ̫̫һΣϽȥ򣡸Ͻȥү
㣬°ٶɣݲܲܲȹɣ
ТΪȣܲܲܰɣ
һȽѾͷָȥү񡭡
⣬ٰδ뿪̫Զ
Ҫٰ·ѣһƼĽȫ򱻸ʱ̫ճѪۣ˿һѪ۵
ٰҪֲϡ
ٰл˼˸ӣȥҼܰ峵ǵ·ߡ
ԺͻȻˣܳѾͷٰȻȤ
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˵ˣˣֳɫϲǷ˶Ľ͡һͺϲȥ᲻٣ﲻ׽֮ϣദһͬݼߵø߸Զ
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ٰĵһӦ껣˸òǺ޶Լʵ̲סԽԼ˰ɣ
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˿̣һ۲ˣƬѱ˴롣



277 ë
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ٰ˵ţ㽫ץһʯӳΨһԲ˵ĺԺСͶȥкģǡڣ
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Ϊ˶ܣֻϡ
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ѹһԺͷԼЩӫ⣬һֱָ֮
û´ĻӦǽͷ׷ۡ
ǽƱػմȾֽ°ڣǶ㲻
Բո߻һºۼһʾһëܿٴҲᱻһʱ䷢֡
ڿԼ㲻Ҳδռˣɼٰ׼Ǻֵܳġ
ԼҺԺҪľȴΪĴ΢ᡭ
Ҫһ棬ǲװ
ԭֻ͵͵˵ϼ䣬ºãױ¶ˡ
н˲ٺֶۣ׵أֱֹӺˡͣ
ٰҲϽʾСɷѱµֻʯҷ۵
ԭƻ͵͵ԺԵз֮ʯҷ۳öԷ۾ʹʱͶԷͰˮ
ԣʯҼˮҲȣӣԷֶֶ㹻һԷǻ٢ҲñϹ
Ǻ˵㣬ͼ֮ˣٰ̣
ΪԺȻ׼
յûԺУζԺūҲţǡǡ෴ڣ⸮вû˶ԺԶ
šԺӡЩɻ֣ʮ峵ȥûɡ֮û빬ҲҪæԺеı⡣
ǽͷĲã԰ȥġ޼дɹ˼ȥѡϼʮ޼зֲ塭
Ȼвûδɣǲսһ顣
ͷۡ
ڣһʱ֪Ǻá
ڵۿţٰƼֱ˺üǸҲĿģ»ǽΪ
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278 ͸
ٰδڣԵСɱŭ
˵ӣᣬ룡ҼҽܿĻᡣٲǱˣʱҪÿ
ȻСɵȴƸˡ
Ƶһ۾;졣
һڣﻹϲλү
ʵջظʱƱһӵɻһֱô;ôõһ¡ʱһֱţò䲻˵һ·ԣӮüң˵ۡ
ʱһѾ߶ֱͦ壬ԭЩӵһ˸ˣƾýҲΪӸˡ
ãӺӼֱ衣Իϴͻ飬ȴˡʱֹѾҲɵˡ
λүһˣãӦûж⡣
ٰͷʾСɣЩµ͵ϮȫСҲȷϣʶġ
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ԺֵİҩţǰţֻСɺͲ֪Ժˣ֪ĵ
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ٰҲû飬ֱҩ
ȷʵҩֻһ˲ۣ˿˿
ֻǡ
̲סƳֱĸձ⻮˵ļԥҪҪҩףˣһëѴȫ˰ɣЩͿĨЩҩҩǷһץһץһ˫
˾Ĭ
ճΡ
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ƼǰԺǽˡ

Ǵ˻ϻ࿴һ˵ĵ
ҪģǰԺ˼ƸɾԺҪôȫĵӣҪģϽ˵ĺˡ
ظˣҶͷˣأѶûҫعҲûڰɣһΪöãȻ͸
˭˵͸ˣԼŬԼһУԼ̤ʵ
̤ʵ̤ʵ˲˴Ŷʰ̤ʵҪҹ̤ʵԺ֣ȫ壿
Ҫ֪˼ǲܣҲҪһԼɡ
һɡ
ҽ˵Ļףڻʵ۸ǰ˵Ķ˵ˡТ˳٣ӣϲͼһ𡭡
Ҫһʵ



279 Ҫߵ·
ٰ߶ڡ
ǰԶʵҵӣҲҲ߰Ĺϵǣ»ΪȨƷ»ΪΪһĿꡣҲΪһһ뱣ס֮ˡұСĽһҺҵļ˻Σգ
ٰ⻰էһǺеȴǲš
ٸף
Ц:
㱣֮ţҵʵ̫ã̳ǴûѻȨûΪ³ΪĿᱻη뼸ʱǰʲôı껶û£ֱԴıҲû壬˿̸ң³ΪȨƷǲ̫ˣ

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Ϊͱ˷Ҫʵأ
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ˡ
ҩòãҪԹ֪ҩԲ֢˵˲㣬˿ڸжٶ࣬δظϵȥһԡ
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̫ˡ
ԣһɣ
룬׷˳ȥǷ̫ˡ
ϵԺֻƼһʧǽͷıӰ


280 ͦõ
ȵȣ
ٰڸոǲ˵ˡ´Ρ
´Σ
´Σ
Ҫʲô´Σ
һٰ˼ת˼ΣȻ֡
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ЦҲҪ֮һ𣿷Ǹ򵥣αҪԼһԺŮӺϸ죿
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գȥŰɡ

Ҫײе֣лҧ˵ģԣҲмȽһҲУ

صУƱ˰죬ˣ׻ǿˡ
ӣͦõġ
Լã
ͳҩôһĶˣ˵ҩ˵Ҳ˽յôöֻһСˣ˵Ը
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ٰſڡеӡϧбĹ˼ɰ
̫࣬һѣʥϸǰԼһѹ£лˡ
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մڵҥ˶ΣɾȻûܳһϣ
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Լõʮа˾žԻʺ˾ӦշϢӦڹԺʺռȺʶһۣ
㣬һεһÿµĶɵڶţǻʺҪġ
ԣռ󣬻ʺӦ²ˡ
̫̫ǴĴãĴֻͨռŪ㣡ýǰԼĲμҼҵ䣬λܵõԹĺö
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ʺʥ֮ŭʱֹ˻ϵĳ飬Ҳûȥֻ˵һ㣺ռҺĴȵĳһϵǼ˵ģ
ԻʺŰŸʥŭͶҲϧ
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281 ϸ˼ȴ
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ڵڶ⣬˼·޴𰸡ԼǰǸɫĲ²ͼ裬ܵõһִ𰸣᲻ĴҪŪٳ棿ĴеԵʣĴøҽҽԵʣĴھӶԼھµеԵʣĴȥ˻ʺԵʡ
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282 үѰ
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µıҲǰѧһſӣٶǷǱѰ
ҹݣֻɵèԺ
ۿĴǴԺԽԽֻʣ֮࣬ȴӭֵҹѲӵӣܵסˡ

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ʹҹĴ
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˵գֻקӺݺһٰʹ



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ȷʵЩšԣ˶ã˶٣
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286 ǵĻɣң͵ļӸ
ٰЦȴ֪治װɵ
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һ·׷һֱ˴Ժ⣬ֻ˽˷Ժбʧȥˣ˶ҰٰӲҽݣòǲˣֻ˱Ժˣ˵ʵҹ˶ԸкϤһҪôǸģҪôڸͬףȻҲڸıڻ
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СɴӺųȥѸҵ˰ʾԺгҹˣƺҪıС㡣
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ӶԷ߱ڵۼǸ֡
һһĸ֣
ĺüϻһѪǵˣһƺҹ˵ѣһСƬ鲼
ǲϴڣʵ͸͸⻹;ʮ㣬õҹϡ
˻Ǹ֣
ɼСȫʵ
˸ҹ̽СԺܲûɢģɶС͵ܵĲֻ࣬Ϊ˺ˣߵķڣغҵĽӡɼǰ˴һս
˵Сһ·ź׷ȥˣʱһ̫ΣˣС£β˵ҲĲ̡
ţָ֮·֪С㡰׷·ߡ
ܿ죬ǾڴԺɴεõ֡
ְԲ仹˶̹ɼ˶ǱһУɼ֮á
һǶԸн˶Ųɡ
Ҳðӽ
ôӣ߲ںԺһ£οô
ýܿǶСȡǿѭһ¾Ƽ߸ߵڻζ
ĵߴһƣˣǶС㡣
Ժж֣ΨҹԺУԼɢֿѭǽ
ǽͷǻǾˡ
ûҹˣȴƼСϼǿ󣬶קŶС㣬һ߹ЦһƿţѶСڵϷˣ
˼ȴǷŭ
СίͰͣȡЦ״ܣ¶ã˵֤֤ûУ͸ñ󡭡
ЩԴðʵһ̿ʼѲһ䡭
ٰ֮һΪ˶ū׷ϣһΪƿıĽȣԴϷ
Ƽǻλ󣬲˲¶ֳƣ»˻
ֹȻϵһΡٱһ̼˵̫֮ð˸š
ٰԭҪʹƣðǿԼ
ܵãֺܲҲáͬʱ֣һ֣ʱ˸ӵţһ˶ûܡ
ŵǵѪǲˡް
ϾԭڹоѾ˵ˣϴôã˫Ħʹ˿ֱЩ
ڹΪշˣһֱؼҶס˿û¶Ա˵ǰǲƶ֪ˡ
桰ʱպþͰϵѪϺһѣˣǿʱɲǴĿģɲǵøԽŲɣ



287 
ʵԺȷϴ˴Ĳˡ
ڴԺ֪ɶСڽлȴûܽԶСģ˲֪β
ǵһӣɡ
ԭһԺҪģڷֲ׺⡣ͻȻ뵽СǸҹ˵˴˴˿̶СһĳҪݣѵǷʲô֣г£
ԷǴ뿪֮ԽԽԣ˶ˣҲԽҪһ̽
ΧмĶС㾹Ȼ˵һ䣺ƼǺ˽ҺŸ˾ͲˡԺвòˣ᲻ᡭУ
һ䣬ǡǡ֤ʵ˵ʱͼĻɡѵ˵Ŀǽ
ҲζҪ״ġ
·ҲУ
Ȼƫƫ˾䣺ơ

ðȷϷˡ
հ츺ֵرӪΪ빬üˣɢǰѣ˺üӡԺһֱڹѲزȡһ϶ǵξδմ
ϰ֮ˣӱǿڳˣٻơ
ԣҪ˵̶Ӿ͹൹˷˼οڰ֪նС͸Կٺ󣬽ʱͱ̬ܿȥ
һ̵İҲһȷϷ⣬ָǺһġ
հ̫Ρ
ӶСͷɣʥʹͣıѼֲ֡ο˺ʹСѶԶСֹ˿˵Ƿ˺ȥѵıСȻŵģ
ԣʼնվ˶С󡭡
ȽȥʱٰԸ¡νߣ˭֪ʲô״һ޹ضĴȷҧһڣЩˡ
Σա
Ȼأǽȥ㣬һĴûѣûˣǽȥǱ˻ñҲһҼ£óԸණ
˽û뵽С㵽˵ЦȴٰΪԼ˿ǣϿ˼֡
һСģ
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ǣ˰ƷˣҪٰݿһһĻ
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Ŀ궼Ū壬ҲǲȥƫնûŪʲô·
ⲻͣ˼칦
Ǹˣ

Ĵһ㶣ٰѾݡ
ֱӳײŽģ
ĴȻٰƽȭͷһͻӹȥĴȴʧɫ˫ֱͬʱһתж𡭡
ԭΪӭһֻǲٰȭͷۿȴͣסˡ
ٰһЦˡ
ıӺͳ
ԣûţȭ
ø󡱵ĸ
ˡһ
ٰ˿̹ܲĴȵĶ٣ֻ˫ǰһסĴȣ͵һһתһ͡
ĴʶҪٰܿˣٰŵһ¾Ϳż
ٰȭͷͻȻ˦ٴξĴ˼
ŷֶԷơ
˳ŵѾȥˡ
ţѱסˡ
ԣ˱⣬ٰǲĳѾͷȴУʱΪΪ
ĴҪڣһǳ
ŵ޶ԣֻΣգΪ˰ȫ԰ꡣ
˵Ļ˾Ȼ˸泯߱סš
ˣˣ
ȴ
ĴȻͷŷ֣ҪôһߺߺҪôѱȥһߡ
泯µڻﲻֻʣȻʱʱŰڶ¡
Ĵͨ巢Ȼûаˣ
ηٰߣ
ֻҧҧȥϿ
Ϊ˼ɻ֪ܿδˣȴһȣأ
ĴһѪ쭳Ըһ㣡

ԭ÷ɶСЦˡۡ࿴˷ۡ
ҹģ˸ŨױͷϲŻϴ㣬ôǴƯܲ˯İɣ¶ӣΣƫװΪ˭
ޡֻðĸ֡
ѵ˼ƣ
Ȼ㱻ˣ
ҿСһ䣬ֵǶǾˣΪ׷ױȥ
Ȼ¼˹˼ȥˣ
̲ס
ֵǶûȢϱأʧڣǻԸأû»վԶЩȥɡ



288 Ūһ
Σ״
ɣ
ٰЦѡ
£˴ϡ
˯γȴвѡ
Ȼⲻص㡣
ؼٰһݾᵽһ˿㡣
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ҵǣӦûд󰭣ֻιȥˡ
ѹǣ˿ǰв²¶ġ
㣬ˡ
һţ̫̫䴲ͷҵһţĴһţšպӡ֤˻ʺ֧ߵš
ʺתֽռˣȴĴϡؼʺ£ߵèԽˡ
һӱ⣬ȫǵϲĲȣ¶Ĵǹķ
¼ϣŵ¡
ٰһЦ
ȻԼǶԵġ
ĴȽŵΪ˯һļ
ϵ˯˯ʲôҪģοʦڣﶼŪ
ӦһԸġĴȾòͬĳЩżˣĳЩܲزȥˣԱ뷨
Ƿ˶ĿȻһԱ֪
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ٰ߽ߣϵı̺һ㣬΢˿
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ѾѣΪƸľƻġҲ͵ôƣݲ
ɫ糣ƽȣƺ
һϸݲ裬ȴѽ
ԭݲͷһ߸߹İ
ô£
нֱָѾͷʣǶԽʲôڰʲôˣ˶Խıǲǣʵ˵ܱһ
ģˡٰ֪ǱԼˣΪǱΣݶǰס
Ѿͷɵۣū澲֪үƺײˣ
Ȱһ䡣ٰ˲ٻѡҵǻģʱԶ֤ʵ˿̻Խ࣬ʱٵ³ҲԽءı֮Ĵȿɱס㣡
Ѿͷʱؽߵͷ
ū澲һֱеġūĲСūѹ֪үͷаѾ߿
˭һֱеģ
ˣһֱС
Ѿ˵ʱٰ밢һӡٰѾͷһʣȵľһ䡣ҪĴӲ
Ĵռĳλ²⣬ûƾʵι
Ҫ뷨Ūһͨ



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ѾͷŲˡ
ıĽѾϡ
˿˿н̱ڵأҶ
ū澽ʱүſˡүôģôȹȥģūȫ֪Ǹôġūֻǰŷ˰ү̧˴ϣ֮ͳڼ䡣ʲô֪
ԣһֱеֻзˣ
ǡֽ۵ˣԾͽūź򡣵үݾ͹˵ˣʱһδԶСʲôɻ󣬻ʷ˲ǡūһ֪
ǸոǼѡ
ǷˣǷԺ󣬽ūôصģ
Ѿͷٰȴϵͷ·
ĴҪƵŵûá
ڶġͷϻи벻ʱײϣô˾ơɥʧ˲ּҲͳˡˣĴֻһҧ˻˯һҲ˳Ȼ
ԣ;أ
ǣ
׷Ѿͷйغ˵ٰ֣ȥ䡣
ǱҲŲԺкۼ
ʱˡ
úܿ죬ΪСȥ밢ʱ֪ԺūźüˣȥҴԴ͵ٰԺУ˿̸պϡ
ڸҽھӣȥǰҽġ
һ鿴󣬺ܿȷݲ費ƣӦǻ˯˵ͷϰ޴󰭣޷϶ǷǸµĻԡ
ʼݲѣҩĶˡ
ٰԺУ˴磬ŲԶտ֣֮˽Ĵȣ˼һ
̫ϧˣ
Լ֪ٶ࣬Ҳû֪ȥ׷飡
֮ܶ¡һԼʹˡôչΪǰ̫ӣҲ꣬ۺ󶼽Ĳ
ֻ֮̽֪ȴδ֪֮ʡ
ԵԵʣҲֻ֪ܵˡ
ȻˡˡҧĴˡ˽ᡱҪôܣֻҪĴȱץ³ܲáϾ⣬ĳ˶һ֤ݣ
Ĵ˵壬˽кıɷҲͰ϶
϶ᶶռʺ껾͵ͷһμҡԣĴԽûҲԽݡ
˼ĸо
ٰôţ̲סĴһ߽Ц
Цֱ̫ĴȻë
κٰͻؿڣոͻˣ˿ȷˣǱ˻ݰɣ
ȻĴȸողȴǲˡʶթ֮ѱƣԻԺиȫ
߽ӣҽȥֹٰˡȻԺв޺ˣ㻹ϽЩ뿪
ĪҪȵˣɿ˲СУӵūҲһȦҵˣӦͦ뿴ġʧȸ⣬ΪֲҵĳײߵĴ˵ˣѸ˵Ķˣҽҩȫҵģ
Ĵȵμȫģʱ沿δκ쳣ֻϧֱȴôˣһץӣֲһսĶ
ٰаո˼֣ԥĴȾ֡
ĹأĴһĿٰ˵ˣ˿̲ȥ
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ĴߣɫԳһ˿ס
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ЧżϢã۱
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һѻ𣿿ó

ȻϽ
Լ˰ķĴֲû뵽ôðǵķķ
ĴʧʣǷǽ
һȥһŷȥ׷ˡ
ٰؿԺУΪŽûȥײţŴű˹Ҳǽ
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ٰȥˡ
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ѡ·
ô㿪ʼɣ
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ٰ֪ĴȺֶܲ죬Ͻ׷ȥ
ִƼӰ׷ȥȴѰˡˣ˷˼ʮϢֱš˶׷ϣ¶տʼҪú䡣
ٶȸϵš
ŷȴһƬ
Ųһżֻܱš
ò׳ţǿյҲǿһˡ׷棬Ҳκγˡ
ɲ֪˯Ǽװŷȴ֮䣬˵Ŵ˨һֱδҲûһˡ
ٰһȣȷŷδѡ
ٰܾɥ
ָоĴѾˡ
صԺʱǱ׷ȥŵҲˡ
ͬ޹ɥ
ԭܿƼǰŽţһ¶ںһ顣
ǺκĴȡǵıƳݣԲŲ֪ĶŪ˺ڲˡ
׷ȥֱ˿ߡԼſ˫ȥ
ˣ֣׾ͱ̵
Ҳ˲֣Ͻ׷ȥ
ʮϢ׷Ůӡ
վͣǰһѳºڲ
ŷ֣ĴȣֻǸһ֪µѾߡ
Ͻأ˼ץסֽбʡ
Ȼ۷ûԶԶŸվ̫ʯֳһЦ󣬡ͨһȻֱֱͶ˺



290 ֮

ֹһһ˲ˮﷺĺ졣
ԥȥˡ
βСò׽֣Ѿ
ԭôؿڲǰѵ
Ծ
֮󣬿ɼһߡ
ٰҪȥһʬ壬ˣ˵̫ѿӵɵùԲ˻جΡ
ٰ˲ĲšǰҫԼʱɷ֣ôûˣôͻȻȻֶĴȵ֪ġ֪ӲܳɹԺܣӵĸʵĴڣܹ·һˡ
Ծıȫ
ȶԼˣҲӡ
Ƿһ飬ļܻõƴ
ǱߣݲѾָ˺븮ΪӺ˴·Żߵֺ󣬲Ц
һҪĴ׷ءǰԺҲɢѰ
ڱʵֵİʱݲȴǷ˺ݡ
ӷηԾҪô˸嵶Ͳ嵶ͶͶǷ̫㣿ĺˮˣˣ˺ױ
ݲд㡣ʬңҲᡣȻѿǱŲϯȾͣʬԺſڣ⸮һƣǵŮǺεֵ׷棡
ݲ˵ūηηԵ֮棬ԺҶһΡ
ģֱЦ
ȥ׷˵İܿҲ౨һŲƺ󣬴ȷĴȷʵǴӶ뿪
ڷ˻ظֻһΣѾһ̶ǰƳȥˡ
һѾһֱͷںߣŷҲδ䳤ࡣӦþĴˡ
ԣĴ뿪ߵǱٰųΣյ·˭뵽λδӰƤӵ´󷽷뿪ģ
Σ࣬һѴ̶ȽūŶ˹ȥȻ뿪ĻҲࡣ
æžȻ˭ע⵽ȥŵ׼Ǳضæڻİ֡
οĴȻѾѡ
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ϣȷʵױ֡
һ̶ӵʱ䱻˷ѣҪ׷ĴȣǾ޿ܡ
ݲ軹һμҡ
˵Ĵȿ϶ǻμҡμ׷û
ͷɥ˪ӡһˣŻԺǸӡж󣬷˼ƣŵ
㣡ȫаȫ֮УٰȴѾˡӵ˺ӲҽڸСҵҲǡĴǵҲμҵϣǴϻǴϣû
ϾǰĿԶֻҪסˡ̫ǰôߣ
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Ϊ˲ץУֻð뿪·ߵӦֻ˵ıӻ£촦ǿ⡣ֻҪûǸƾʵݣл
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ΪĴռҵĳ룬ܻΪݼһ׷鵽ʲô嶯ܵ˺ƤҪ㡣
Դ˿ʱȲռ棬˵Ҫá
ܿ죬Ӣˮȷʵ˷ŻΪƣŲŻūš
ݲҲǵһηԼ˲ܿأѹֵհظǰҪĴȿһϵҪһ̣뽫Ժеūȫϴһ顣
ǰԺֺԺˡݲ֮ȫһԺūȫȿ
ǡСǱߵūأϾ׼̫
ȿܽԺŮ֣ɾŮ˲죿仹ǱȫϣۿһŮ
˵ǴС
ͻȥ
ɴС˵ȥ;ʳ
ݲͷᡣв·̨棡ﲻҪԼ
ʳʲô˼̫˷ʱˣҪĻֱɾЩֻҪ
һ㶺Ѹ¡
⻰ٻȻûš
һĹ췭ظˣ˿һֶš
ֱԸϵԺֱһֱͦͦʬԺţʬϵ廨Ь빬ǰͷãѡˣۿţ任ϵЬ

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ٻƤһ˹ȥ
ݲڴڿøᷳһףǿˣ
ϮݼҹӦٰһͲŶԣ˽ٶ
СӲãúܽԺǿɣݲһͬʱΧء


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μҼžĬĴѻظַ׷ԡҹ㡱Ϊɾܾš
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ƿƿ޹ޡ
һ飬оȻжҩԣҩȤҩƿ̥ҩ衣
ٰϵԽԽڵɫӶץ˱̥ҩֱʴ򣺡ҩԶ𣿡
񡣡򵹳źҩ赽᣺ʡҩŨȺܹᴿַǸϷ᲻Ũ
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ŮӼҼңȳȥݲɫ
ƿƿ޹ֱȥ˸ҽǰĴȶˣҽȻʵʵʵ˵ƿƿ޹ȫָһ顣
Ĵ𰸣λõĴһġ
ݲԭһ˿ϣĴ˲ֹϵ
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֦ҶˣϲԶⴧˣʱδ롣˿һ˼Ĵȸľˮ⣡ֱд

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ݲ迪ʼǷǡ˼ȥǾֻ̫ǵԼıȨǻȲһˡ
㣬Ͳˡݲһȥʥ̽̽ڷȡ


292 װ
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չǵ£жšȻȵģ˰ͷɣǻôͻǰʺܳ˵Ƿ
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ݲ벻ףʺ˵һžͼٵĻʺôͿٻֵĸо
Ȼ֪̫ˡŮˣ̫ӻʺϵܺãôһƣֵĺˣ̫Ǳߵˡ
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껣
Ǻǣ
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УԺļ֣ˡȶϰɡ˿ŵģֻˡֲĻǰԺĹ㿴ŵá
ݲıӰٰЩᡣ
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293 ȿͷ
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סϷڼ顣
ݲһϾͽеѾͷֱӸ޳һ롣Żµس̶ȣеĸߣеķеֱӸʹһٶ˳ȥֻѰͷ׼ȥá
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ȴЦδģ˫Ьһ͸͹ȥ
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ˣԺµģٰٻ͸ԺУҲͲʮˡٰټĸת뽫˶˵ġ
ȻϣΪԼΪ˳ܹײٻȥġȽˡ
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ٰһȥ˸ңϷΪ׼˿̻ڵ̵ѾͷҲȫ˸Сˣǿˡ
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㡭㸺Ѳˡ
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ҫڸԺܽԺӣŮӢүԺѲӣ֣˵˵Цǵ״ǵ飬ǵöȡ˳Ӧǡ
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СɱЦ
ǻϵīˣү֣¹ʲôȿͷ˵



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Ψһ¼Ů¹򣿿Ǹ룡Ҫ
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СɲŲĴ߶Ͳ鿴˵ˣūֻǷ¡ԣū澲ߡȻˣҲδߡ
ٻһһֻӭֳСɷȥ
СӺһ㣬ӭҵǽ÷ƿ
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ٻֻĸƢһΪƿСĴǡ



295 ׻ٰ
ٻҪӢЩ
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296 ħ
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ġһͷʲôʱûˣ

һԺһԺ˶˰죬ƫʲôû塣



300 ҲĿ
ٰնٻԴƣֵʬ类ߡײģҲһˡ
μǰ˿Ⱥ
ݲֵһ죬Խ岻糯ҲȥӪһˡ
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Ͳȥ״ֽ޹ӡμҧӣɷֽһš
ݲֱȴ¡
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Σ˺üȦȻûҵĴȵˡԷȻ׼
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СøײĺֽǮūŹײú󣬱㰴ŴСҪ󣬽ȫֽǮˡС˵ӲûμˣЩֻμҡ
Сɻ˻֣ǽŷҶ͵ˡУȥֻʮֽǮѾȥˣʣ»жʮӵĵĶڰʹǼǵò㣡ϾЩǴС⣡ŪˣС׷ϸǵƤ
Сһϧ۹ײģָ̾пֱϾμҵˣ˷дС׼̫ۣ飬ҲĿˡ
С˵ձתˣū澱ȥС㸴ˣתۣһܿˡ


301 Сү
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ҪμܳŶá
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мҶܽܳʼֽǮ׼жһһ̧ȥŷ
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ʵǰĲ벻μȷʵһֱڶݲ裬ҶǽվԲ˶ߡ
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վҲˣȻȥ´ֱȥռҲһܴĿġ
ݲ˰׼뿪ȴһʹüֽɢ׼ɢ뿪˷׷ͣס˽Ų
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302 ø˵
뾩Ű¡ҹֱ㣬Ծʶ֮˲ࡣ
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ЩŴ󻧵Ĺʲôһ
ððʶˣǰϼңȻĴԶţԭμҵĿˣ
ɫ΢죬ת۱ƴĴμϣֱһݲü
ԭСүŸμҼ棬˿̿ǷǵڳԣŶڳˣŵҲҸүүҲÿˡ
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һµһֽǮǼץֽǮ𣬽ֽǮǽɡ
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峵ѰģأֽǮֶûٷھһǳ˦
գۼ䣬ձֽǮꡣǽǱߣֽ֮ǮʼѩƮ
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վǱ˵û㣬Ƥûգһ£ǼҶȭͷдӺİĺƸסˡ
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ݲѹûڰĺһѽĴڻʵ۸ǰα̬Ჹ˵ӣλлǸ֮Χ˵˵һ顣
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㣬ӲֱӴѽ̬ŵ֮ͣ漰˻ϣծ²ΪԼҲΪǲǣ
ĺȼڿѳţǸҾĿ
ɳ֣漰˻ٴҲǶԣ
죬Ҳû˸˵ƨʵҲϲ
ݲҲȻ
ԭһ¼С
ԭѾȥݼˡ
ŲѣǻؾȷʵŮ
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вǷֲ񣿡
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303 ֶΪ
̶ʮϢĹڱμҺĴһѵġƾƤԼģڲΪһ
ݲҲǴ˿Ϸ⣬һ˼ȴͲԽԽ󣬲֪Ҳվ
Ǳߵμżæţ޴롣
˵üСѲ
ݲ豳󣬹ֹ˽źô򷢡
ЩҪ棬ںǣη岻˺ĻӣѰƽ
κǹܼƤӶĥƣ˵˵رʾǷծһӱϣӻȥԴЩʱǸϧǱߵļһβִ񣬽ĵƵ
Ǹʲô˵СүҪӵ𣿶ҪծˣծһͻȥҪСүô£ҪСүô죿Ҫ飿ӱϿԣģ壬Ǹûţ
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μұڼڻϳŲȥΪ棬μҪ˺ͽġǿ϶ῪģпܵģǴĽų
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࣬ϻɫֱ֣䣬ôҲǼеģ
ֱֱ̲סʾǰ
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ոչȭͷҪһӡųڣȴûͻȻʹ̧֡
һʶһҲͬʱһ

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үȻ˺ӵ񡣸Ϊιʣôһʣصļ˲Χ£
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304 ˭Ǻõ
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˭˲һʾ󣬰ĺһѭϣǽͷ׷˳ȥһһһߡ
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ԭҲԵμĴߡ
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305 Ҫڲ
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ҼҺԺСѡ㶨ˡϷ˻Увμһʻȥڲʱӱ㡭
Цⲻģȴ˲ŷ
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пһˡ
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Ϸ˿Ѷ˼
δóǺѴҲѾʹϷԽˡ



306 ϲ
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СС㡭Ѿͷ͡
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֪ģҲֻǰٰ֮밢ˣҪԭΪҸŷ֤ˡ
̵⸮С㣬ǵˡ˴ɻ
硣̳˸ЩѿЦ磬ҡҼһзݣһһ롭
̻˵һͱ죬ΪƼʮǴҲ
ЩҼ񵽵ġҲ֪˭һ顣
С㣬ӾӺǽڰȫˡﻹĽӡýƱˡ߲񡣡
ҡҪ㣡סǡ



308 
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֪ü̫̫ضĵأպÿֽ֪š
Ժֻһūţ̫ˡ
ֱ˴󲿷ˣĴġױﵽǽ˸ʵĵض͵˸ӡ
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ٰϣԹƽġ˿̿ĿԽԽˡ
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ݲٰڿǰ˸⡣
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˷ⲻ֪ԽǷԣʵԽˬԽĵλȹ̡
գʵһʾлӶ֮Ƕ԰˻ӡսͷȫԱ¡
⻰ֽһ˼׽ʵֽǾˡ
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̫ӻûӦʵ۱ѽ˾ũµְˡһӵ̫ӵĳδڣʵѽְתҰ׵Ĵϡ
׽պö˶˵ģôһҪ糯ԥǷҪƴǣʵѾʼ˶ĺǳ⡣
˵Ϊʳӣҵ֪ȡ㲻ܳΪܵǵİҲ˵ܵǺȡȻǻӣ͵űЧҺͳ͢Ϊӣм縺صΡǶԲȻʺ󣡶Բڣڳ֮λϣ
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ˣ˽֮ʱʵָʮŪ˸ְʮӵʶȤû˵ǰͷ˸ԸΪ͢Ϲ̬ȺȫԸľġ
ʵۺ⣬ʮӴؿ䣬úøɣλֶãʵܾԲκˡֻҪɺˣǰ;
ˡ
һ˼
ôԽԽԺôопúͷֳ̫֮л֮⣿
Ѳɣϻѡ̳ˣ
̫һƣŵγıʵȴһĽͺ糯


309 Һ
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ġ
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ʵ۵һױʻҲǳֿ顣
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ٰ˼̲סͷ̫̫һ䣺Ҹ棬μöòһ顣Ĳ˵أμ˵ҲôμҶ񼲶˻˻ҵĸ߹ѪͳǿǴ

ˮ鿼˼ֱѪ
Ϸˣ˴⬰̵ûţֻ޲ýѾͷƬǧƬι
ôȥȫʧķˡٰã



310 Ū
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ҲûáͽˡһҴŻʹ췴š
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һٰ̹׸˵ζû˻һ֡
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ֹϲյ֮ͦԽôѳޡ̶һʱ䣬̬ȾתΡˣҲӲٰô롣
˿ٰһԽ껲䲻񣡱˵ȵۣͱֻʵҲöˣϲȥƺˬͰġ
˸뿪߲ãĴٰһע⵽ǰ·ֻͤϰת֮ˣƺעռҶүᯡ
ǽ겻ģˮ鿱ߵϢΪǺܷϴ˿Ĵͷ״̬Ȼ



311 Ůı
ٰעŵϡ
ĴȡͻȻͿʼᵽĴȣ͵ؽ߶ᯡ
ץˣ
ԷȻԡĴȡС
᯽ʹ޵ȫٰս۵ס
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ҲϲǰӵнӹలأȨ²СŴȨȴزסలִ򲻹ӡܲû֪֮ǧ͸ǣ
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ţģԺǻﻥ

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侲һ˵ˣݷ˰ҹͻ븮ȷвסݷҲûȥ𴦣ֻǻҡɣΪ˽ҵļ治ǣ̫϶μѪݷһʱ˹ͷҲеġϢŭϾ̫Ӻͻɻڼ»СɡݷھǲܵġҲӦ
ݲһЦˣһͰĴ˽أ
Ϊ޵ɣʺأ
⻰һʺ¶ɫݲѾ֪ԼܵĴ֮ˣûܰҽ֪µļԼֻˡᣡ
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ڻظǰٰݲһȥ³ңƼҡ
ٰҪġ
ԭΪ壬ٸЩ߶ȴŵȨǰΪٻĶ񶷻Թλ󣬱ٻúܲҡ
ŵ˵ĵ˾ѵԭٰݼҳҲúͽˣ˵ЯһΪ
ٰΪԸˬֱάԼεĳ̫̫Ǹɽģûбȳȥƴһĳ˸ģҽţЩ
ȻٰѰ˸ݲܽܵĵŽڣˣʦ
ٰѧ䡣
ΪԱҲΪ
Σݲûʱ䣬Ҳȷʵûпɽ֮ˡٰ˳Ƶı£ݲҲ˵һ׽Ӣ䲻Ůè´ּ˺ѧ֮Ȼüޡ
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ô
ܲԼģԼ֣ʲôɣ
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ڹȻ̰ͼǮƵĲݰ竣׾پĹ˿Ҫģס㡣
˰μ治ʲôܵģ͹ȥҲмġҶ˵ֻǾ֮͡
Уһϧ̫ˣʧˣйءʱ㵹ǻȴóĺɱӣðաҿɲɣ



315 һƱ
Ӣ㶣ȷʵ
Լȥף鷳Ҳһġ
ǡ㡣
ӢҧӲȡһСűƽ񡣡ݼϴµġֵǧҲֵ١ȸ㡣Щءܷ˰ɣ
˿̵Ӣ̬Ѿʧ⣬ΨھܾȡϹŵҲŵС
ڲǼһͷ
빬һҪˣûʱȥ

ǲڰö񣺡ҪǣӦ£ǳҸˣȻҪһ㣿
üͷһ
㻹ûһȫˣ
ֵӢסˡ
ϵǺģͷһͷҲһҪԷ뷨
ˣǰȻҪˣôҲЩʲô
۸ˣµģȻǱ
ʹ죡
ԣٰ
ҪٰһôˣҲˡҲܳһڡ
ã㲻Ǻٰ𣿡Ӣڡ뵽ˣԺٰ£ǰԺ
š
ѡɫƣΣ
а취
Сиǰᡣȷȫ𣿡Ӣ򴽣ݸɴû·ˡЩ
Ц
Сүõͳһǰõ뿪Ǵ´࣡ңСүôǸӣײҲûʲôηİɣ
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ֻ֤֤֮ҪҲſ㣬˭Ҳ㣡ڵʮ˾ǶǵĳŵͿĹֵֵҸһƱˡ
Ұӣ
Ӣ˳ȥ
ԼĪӺͻˣһư֮С
㣡
ڴһƣڵĺɫ
ԣʵͦ¡ϱнɫ壬ϸܵΡ
ƲǴ壬޻գٰġЩ¼ֹĸŮǿСҵġͣ¼
Ӣ˵߷
ƣһ֡
Ӣ뵽ٰ޻ճ󣬾⸱Իƽġ˵ˣõϣ̧ͷͷʱʱ̶̿ǣϣ
Цûغһֱã֮˶౦ϡҲǱ
ЦǱٰ͵ڲã
㶮˼˰ɣӢЦ֣ȿƽİҲٰİԣలİӢһȣעҪٰһͷô£
Щʱͳ޻˭ġɶٰĶҧ¼㡣ҲϰģõϣһжܶϡԢҲãҪ㽫ٰϡ
ڹһ̲סֹһ
⻵СӣĻ
ˣԱˡ˵ܻˡٺԾܾˡôͺܳɣ
űȢҲԷֻΪ檣ҪôΪūţҪôΪдЦֻܳȥ
ȻҲ԰⸱͸ūšҧ˽֮ͨǰܾĳӶһ԰ɣҲ㡭
ӢֽһöС
ǽõġҧø㣬˽õġ˵˽ʱ㶼װ
զࡣ
޲С
ޣֻһ㣡ٰ֮ˣɲҽ㣡
Ӣǰհ裬ܽң¹ıٰԽıˡ
˿еʹ࣬Դٰ
²ǻҺ޲
Ӣ̿ˮִѥһֽ
ٴզ࣬СӾ˶ٶ
Ҳٰģ
ǵǡֻҪҵμң֮ǰӦİ˰ֽҲģֽͷСֵơܰɱֺٰһ㣬ұ֤㻹ܵõࡣ
Сӣһջٰ𣿡ڿһ֣һѡ
̰ᡣ
Ӣӱ˱ܡûʱˣѸոյӻҡ
ô
ҵûأϽģӢĨһѶ亹
һ⡣
ôģĪ˰ɣ
ЦСӣ漤Сүһ˴Ӫɱϰʮضûµģ£ëƤСʻ괬һɧܵʣôõЩģɱû߳ȥͱ˺ץ
ӢЦġСء˵ǸΨһĵӡЩԺƿ£ǰԺ䲻ò֣ôǰԺҲһ鷿ĸûоƿôЩˣǰԺϼĸġ㣡



316 ˭
Żȥ϶Ӣߡ
ҪˣȥӢôԻū˵ġ
Ȼֻ߳ȥʮ㱻֪Ķܳİסˡ
Ӣ»ţΪˣǿװ򶨣õӣȥ͸;ͻأӣߣ
Ӣ˽ڣʾЩ
ӿߣүСˡ
ֻͿ͡
ͿҲСһ֣ǰ㱻
񣡴֪֮𣿵㵣𣿡
ӢٴڣһѣҿӵˣǸϽæЩǰԺ֮˻һ֡˾סҸѡ
У
һָȥ˸ѹϵơ
˲䣬ֻʮŵİĺ˱߹Ӣ´󶨡ޣNɪԲలӵ֡
ӢҲһڴȥǰԺӺҲǰ׼Ӧ
ӢмѪڣھ塣
Ÿһƣȴ͵һͣ
ʮɲ·ڣ
վǰ߱Цġٰ
ӢЦˣӣˣ
û⣡
һָȥĺ˱ʽˢˢ
ȫǸ֣
ۻң
ӢЦ
Ц
Цûչ㽩沿Ȼ޴档
ʲô
ڵƯˣɲǶ԰ˣҲǶٰЩˣǶԼǼǰԺձŪӦĸ
תۣ˽Ա̵ббۣбȽ£һƬ󡭡
ӣˣ˸ˣʰǣӢָšץҵˣſǣ
ûץأЦͬʱҲסӢ
㡭㺦ңӢ˼飬ʶҪѣŷѹ˦ڡˣӣҽָԣҲӲˡ
Сӣ񶾣ҲС㣬ֻЩֶ̫࣬Ż˿涼
Цүѣ㻹ˣݶСиңҽǰɲΪݽһʣϧӦǰҪ뽫̸˵صġ
ڳ尢һףǱ߰һ񣬴ӵǸҾл
ģӢŵн飬ȷķһֱôұ֤ģӣԶš
Ϲ˵
һȵϣڮүүӦ¶ˡԸǰô֤ģ˵ֻҪҲ֣˭Ҳ㣡ˣ
ڳ־ץأģ㲻Ը⣬Ҿ֣
㣡㣡㲻Ҫ࣡
ӢɷǻͷˣȻһ竡ҪŤͷȴƼи˸ձȥٰűߡ
˹ǡҲˣǵǰԺźòװȥūţոеĹؼ֮ˡ
ԣˣ
ǰԺ֮ˣȫ¶˲˵ȫץˣ
˿һֶûˣ
һˣ
ٰǾȻ֣һңٰץ֪Ҫߣպöµѹְٰ֣ģ
ŷ֣ˣ̫ˡĿϷ
ٰ㲻Ҫ㹴Уı׵ܣ֪ܣ
Ѫˣһң
ٰЦ
˭ıԼĺ£ƼˡҲǾݸϷˣ֪ͼҶҪԼҽ㶼ϻҪı֪͵ôץǰԺôЩǣ
ΪúóϷ׾ǰԺQ͵ôЩ
źԺĲ࣬ǰԺѲ飬ֺαعǰԺԭֻΪлһǰԺȥμұţҲû뵽Сôࡣ
ԣҲǷŶ㣬Ͻƾͼưˡ
ǰٰͲסϵǰԺʱ˽ջ֮ʡŷȥԴ
էһ꽻ǳüı֪ˣŪСڹơ
Ӣȥġˡ
ӢֱǵǰԺľҡ
ҶҪԡӵҪѰõĲҶдĽҪݡ
ǸаľݵݣԸš
ʵʱٰѷԸֻһģû룬δ´ǱСԼ뷨ӽˡ
ӢвϢͳˡ뿪ǰ˰һٶǰͷͬʱҲһţ˸С뿪֮ǰ㱻˶ˡ˳ϣַ˺üڹ
Ӣȥݲ跿з֮ʱѾ尢г˷Ϸ
ٰҲ뿴Ϸ˻߹֮С
ΪЩۣ֮ݻǺܽġ
Ӣ군ˡٰʱ
Сӣĺݶ;չ¶ɡ˷Ǹһ⣬ЩҪӦÿԸЩ
˿̣Ȼ֮ʱˡ
ڽڣٰðͷ
ٰһο˶ڵļʼӢĴ̼
ñƭΪڰμ̫̫Ҫ֪ӼңһᱻѪ
㻹֪ɣڴμңǿμң鶼̫̫ģѡˣμҶ֮ǵĳˣ
ٰһλСү˺ͷ˵ˣҺ鲻ġһᱳġ
Ӣִ£
ԣôЩˣһһӣҪ
·Լ
Լһϲ·
񶾣ȫЫ
Դһģкȴǲ
âһͬʱҲסڡ
ݣһ˲ڲѱһذס
ſҵˣ븮ɱ
û·ˡ
ߵһûдȥ
뿪ѣҲֻӲͷƤϣ
֪⣬պһ㡣Ȼ֣Է㲻һ¾ͽԸˡ
´񡣻ãСˣ
˺󣡶˺󣡷ſҵˣ
ˣ
ٰôƤûգһ£
ӢͻȻ뵽ԵʣһĶȥ
񱾾ڲԸ˿Լвã
ȻٰЦ
ӷģӢǶ֤һ½ãɱҲԲϢһ͹ٷ첻
ԣ
ʲôɵأ
֮Թ̼ӢΪ㹷ǽ¡˿ĿĴɣҲųϷˡ
ڡ
ǡ
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ݼҵʣͼ˺㹻ǰίһˡ㲻¶£ҲôױӢϡ
㣬˭ô
ЫĳŮӰҧ޺ޡ
Դ۶ŽŲŹԼӵӢȵˣɱңలض˺μһᣡңҪɱһңϽ
Ӣֶɸˣ˵ʵڼ㲻Ҳš
Ϊٻ֮ˣᵱɱԶǰ·
Ȼںٰţȴ°
һͽһ߽ڰָȳϡ
һһȥӢذףһȥ֡
Ӣ֮ʣȴٴη֡
һţذ׳׻ǻڣһ졭
˻
һٰ
ڵ˿ɷһ
ۣ
ƣˣ
ⶼܲ
ºˣүңƤӣݼҵӵʣˣ飬Ƿˡ
Ȼǻ㵽ֹڰĺ˵ġ˳ȥ
ٰ뵽óǰ̫Ѩͻͻ
ƫƫӢԼŸʰأ
㣬ʰӢӢڸԼ

ÿʼ
ֻǱֱֿ
ûסҧһˡһȷϺǰԺֻ
ǰԺūŽԱĿ£˱ӵһߣĵȴ䡣
ȻӢ
ĳˡ˿ں󣬱Ӣ˳̩֮ȻͤߣٲȻһϿֵĴү
ȷϣӢõذҲݲ跿ġ
ٰ˰ѽߣڣģз
ýߣ̫ˡҲðӡĳ˺ߡ
Զ֣֡ͽ߰ɣҲһ
һ䣬ӢҪץ
ϸѣٰ
ٰң֪˲Ź㡭
žžž
ѿٳ¡
ֱ׽׽㣬в׽㣬Ҳҷ㣬㵱֮ҲӲҿ
ٰ߸нߡ
˿ʱ
Ĵ븮úʰ˭ܰһСŮ
ʮ㣬ռ˶ƣ˭۸



317 
ӢǽΨһĵӡ
ӵ죬Ӽңߣı׽㣬ʻˡ֤֤ȫû˿ɽ״£Բ
ԣٰý߽ѵ˼ʮ£ֱȥǰԺǰĴ
εͷͷɢǱ±ѥӶˣһǱ̬ˡ
ˣ˭ҲûȰһ¡
һΪݺݳǸֵļһһ㲻´
ٰΪ½ΨһӣȻúúöԴܺߣֻͤ˵ϼ䡣
ȸֹ֧֮˻˵ɡӢҲܲˡһԽ̳̬˵Ӣ˵ĲŲʸܡ
ĺðɣЦһӣ׷ˡֻȫվߣܳμһޡ
šл㡣㻹𣿡
ܴ϶á
أ
ҪһҴ

СүܾҲСҲҪһѹѹ

Σ˵ɣԺֻǰš
ҵģ
ǧȷĸѣǼһЦʸ֮ģţҲõǻ棬ΪԺᾭڼмҵġ
ΰ㡣Ͻ飬ֻҪǰԺôţ
űǣƶҲԡˣ㲻ƼҪġȥó׼°ɡ
ٰһ㶣ģ
ڣ
ɫϣܣôڣμˣ̫ǰע⣬ʵҲᱻĿңһǾ䣬Ͻ֡ҲʣҲûȤҵûôױġʱ˼뷨ûϸϲЩ
ҵѡ񡣡δšѾѡ·һ㡣һգһһߡ
бŵһ
ͿǽڱصãٰȴƶӺζ
ǲܡ
˵棡ЦŴϡȥɣȥϢɡ
ٰҲϻȹתߡ
Ҫˡ
ǰԺԺһ˾Ҫһ̶ӣ֪˼ˡ岻ˣǼ۵᲻ˡ
⣬
ӻصҺûú˯һǰæҹһҹû˯Ƥֻ۾˯š
ǣصԺͷһ£һ䡰ҵҡ֮ͷ˯
Ժ䣬ƺڵ
ƣΪڵĴߣŵǴӴϵ
һƣԭǲ
ϸϸһڵ
Ժˣ
ˣԺſڡҲ˴š
ôĹٰ̲ס߻ѡƤҩŶԣ˦˦
˭ģĸūţǻƤ
𼱣үүһүģ

ٰ
ģô׾ͱշˣ
ǺԺԺ
ٰƣ
ݲѴӴƼڼٰ߳к
ٰ첽Ժӣڡ
ƣϲ𣿡
ݲǣһƥƯС
Ц½ձŵˣ˵ʳԡݶС㣬ƥСˡ
ٰڵŻʵ³ŵҪС֮¡ˣȻԤı
ޡ
Ӧôֳˣ
粻Ѿ͹һ𣿵ʱٻʮ̾šȶ񣬻Ҫ͵⡣
УǰԺʱôûͳС
һֱȵ˵ͳ֣
ٰ̲סզ̾ȥͺܿҪշ
ǺԺܷн룡
״⣬ǵӰæ
ĩá
񡣡
ɶǡ
֪Щ졣ˣӡ㺦ˮ㲻ԡ֮һζãҲøˣ㲻ӼƽϡӲǰӣռţ㣬Сˡһǣ
ٰǿһһֱԭôͽеˣԲҷᶨǶԷ̫Ӱʲôæ
ӶоСġΪ˷㣬ǽǽĸλúͳȽϺʡ
ٰſڣڰ̧ü
˿ֻѡǵأ֮ǲǽǻҪάҲҪ˲ҲҪ
涮ô˵˰Ͷ
ݲٴδϡٽ˶̡ӵΪʧֺһֱĻھΣѧ˲֮ʥὫôνϣĹӶƥϰԺмأ֪ȵˡ⻰ԺҪԣ



318 ͷ
ٰһʱЩӻ
ƺ˵ʲôǰ߽
ͷá
ҵ˼ǣĶɣõôʦ۸ﲻ𣿡
ݲüͷ
ӣǺúƣݲС˳ëһȰ㲻ϲ𣿡
ٰ¶Ȼ˶ϲ

СǺƯ
ٰҲ̲סǰͨѩףһɫëûӸʯһٰ׽㽫Դ˿
ݲԽܣֺӶš̬һз۵糸Ǳ˳׽Ҽԣ֪úţ㼸ʮꡣ꣬ǵ̵ĺʱ򡣾͵ôСʼ˸ͨСһһͨԡ
ϲҸҲһƥСںܴ󷽡
ٰüͷһȻҪǣųԺˣ
ײסݲйһھˡలƥжҸ˾˺üƥˡȱ
ģȻ߳ԼкüƥСһƥǡҲ˵ˣôСĲŸͨ⡣Ժ󽫾ҲҵٹⰡ
ֻǡ޹»
ô޹սæҽһμңŪǧءһƥСѣ㲻ʲôġⲻȥҳһپƾˡ
⡭
ƴˡְϵǣûʲôǵģҲǵҳŽ˶Сñˡ
ٰűģŵЦϲţҲǲڰɣ
Ʋ׼ûݲתͷ
Ҫţ
ݲʾٰ߱ϼ
ӿ㡣ˮӢˣ˵һæΣҪл˼ҲҪ˼ҡˡ
ү˵ǡĸҲӦ͡ȻѾΪµǸˣҲͱŲˡ˲˵⣬סôͱ˵ӣԵò

ٰ˵ʲôˡôҲ
֪С󲻾ãݲͻˡ
Ӣ±ãʱſʼ
ʥϸǰӦµСЩʥϱز
ݲ̳յӡζݲ賢һھ뵽˵ڶֱʱ¡˻ľƣþܣˡ
ڻ˼鴿ɫëᵽԸݲҲˡ
ţϱزȻҲûʲô˼ɡˣ
Ӳ̹һ˯ǰԺӢ֮¡˵Ů۸һʲµӢȴյǰԺݲڡ
ˣڱ˰ַëƤ
϶òڣͣ˵ֱˬǫѷӡ󲻴һţǰŮͷɣְŮӢ֮ˣ¶ڸǸм˼֡
ϾҲţԸӢȥ׼ڼƨһģ˸󣬡˳Ȼˡ
ǹĮأǧ֮һ϶ڰۣ̾ĨᣬԸ׼һѵĸ±˴ȥ
ֺٰһǼ̫ƭǵз̫ƻ
ٰСǺϲġ
ڵĻ˵Ժ㴦ͲǰԺԺܵʹˡĴߣȲͶˣҲĽ׽
һ㣬ȷʵá
ǶлˡҪġʡܽԼܶʱ䡣
ӡ
㻹Ҹʦҿԡ
ʦˣտʼͻϽѧٰýȥңһ¡Ȳˣһ¾ʦ
ȡɣݲЦ
СסС׺ˡ

ܲܺúȡݲ衣ôõСףȡ̤ѩˣ׷ҲԺƷ磬磬׷磬֮һʹϧСʲô㣡˲֪𣿡
ٰɺЦ
ҲѧֻСҡ绨ѩµģ˺ЦʱҶҪӹšǲǰСף
Сȷʵ׽ٰ䣬ԹԽ˼֡
ٰ̧ͷʱȴڵЦա
Ц
ֻٰ⡣
ȷʵͼ
ҵҪʱɲٵһʹ淴ڣ鷳ٰϲѾͷһ˾ģǲ׷ˡôעٲڡ
⣬񫡣ˣһֻڼϹ
ǵõƿ¡Ӧãò˶೤ʱ䣬Ҳȥ˰ɣ


319 Ҫ
ٰСףݲǣСףڸСףôѸһȦգΪ˷ٰǻѡԺΧǽϽǣ˵վͶ
С׺˳ٰԽԽϲ
Ͷã˲Ҫ㡣
ֱߴ٣˲ͣ˽
С׽ʱҪڸٰҲǰԺȥˡ
·ϣһᾯڣǹҼңҵ̫л϶ˡ
ڹˣս֡
ǰΪˡٰˣֻҼңҼң
˺ߡܻһ˵ģʱô˵һ
ġʲôϱԽ̹УԽΡ֪иңҲ֪ǰԻѾüҷŵ̬Ǹˡҽչ֪ҰæлңҲֻ֪ܷģҡллҵĹġ
һ̾
ʵұΪĸСġұҵİעҲʧ
ЩԹԽٰǰߡ
͵͵İ̾һʧ֣Ϳ̿Ѫɺӡҵ𣡡
ֻôһϢĹ˱һɢϢббϦϣȴûįıӰůһЩ
ƣ֪ǲҪһһģҾ⣬ϲ׽㡣Ҳ㣬бıδΪԼ
ֻ̰ЩʼФƼáΪպƶһѡҪҲպÿԸ档
ԣԲסź͵ˡϲϲҶֻܰŴֺұҪߵ·ȥߡ
ٰҲ̾һ
˵ĶԡҲһ뵽һǣϣ򽫸ķգͲҶ
ǰݲкһǰһ˿Щ
Ӧһ
ٻͷʱոյĺѾȥ
ҶˡȴȴõѡҲսĥĥҲûá
Цſһٰ꣬ǣţһֱʵʵŵСȴһ¾С٣ٰûܿס٣һֻҲ
ܻа취ٻߵġЦ
ЦѤ***ɫϦҪۡ
ʱ˲ٻʶ֪࣬ݲм´Ǹոպ֮ȵֵ΢״̬
δ˳Ȼ´֮Լһ߻ŵӢٰüͷֱ
ڵ뿪ûʵӢ֮£̶άݲ档
ˣݲڸϿͬʱҲٴڱǸ⡣
̬»ؿƿ󷽸ǡ
ݲ費Խ͵ߣû񼸺˸
ͿͻݲջǰԺ˶ӵŭ
ٰÿеĶ
ʱԽ飬ǺԽѹס
һÿǿû
Բ֪Ȼϵˡ
ݲ׶ӿ࣬Ļ˲䱻붼û󲽳ȥ
ӢһϵˣžͿʼٰ״ŭڴԼ
úãĴˣ͸ôСӣݲһƾͳ˳ȥһߵĽߣҲͳǲĶӽ
Ӣɵۣǵһθ֡
㱻ǶԺ꾫ĸŮƻˣӣ
ûĶӣǴ˲űɽģݲ߳ȥ򲻳ɲţǹң̫٣
㾹ȻΪӣǳޣԵ𣿡
ĸܶ㱻ݻˣݲ±ɱ˷Żȫ㻹ά
һ뵽ԶŮڿҪμĴȹˣ뷽跨ҪȥͶμңһӻˮ˼ݼңݲҪը
Ѿˣ°϶ҲˣҲѳɶ֡Ѿȥ˵ˣ²ٱ䣡㲻ٶκФ롣μˣҲٽšǼҶ޹ϸ𣡡
ݲȷʵġ
̶죬һһĴⶼʲô£
հһһʮʱֱûӵһ
ĴȣǸ̳һԺöŮ
Ю֣ˣˣգЩѾɳˡ˼ҲͰˣϽ֮͸ƣ˸ҥͳȥҪٰ
洫ƶָˣɼķɼ׼
ҲýϵڣҪˣ롣ڲƽϣЮʳһ˾ǺóԵģԷǻףӣҪģһеʧ˭ܳܣ㲻ҪŪսҵģ
ɿִ£˵ԼĹñǽϮζס
ڻҵҪСŪٰ
ݲֱţôӣͻ񶾲пˡ
£
Ȼ˿Ŷίı飬ʧס
ӣһĻڹ֮Ķޡ
ΪȻ׶ˡϣ㽫㲻ûˣȻҲ̳мҵ
ԺʲôѧˡѾ˸ʰһ¾Ƕ˼ɡ࿴徭䣬ѧѧ˵Ķʶٸ㰲һ԰֪ʿũׯȥúúóɳ䲻гϢҲٻˡûҰģƽ˳һӡ
ӢһЦԣ˼Ҫңҽõǰ;ҲһҰɷ򣿡
ⲻǷǡȫô̬ηڣζԵŮθһ
ʧһ˵ĻģάͱӻҪͽӣ׶ӣΨһĶӣΪҪվһ߶νЦ壡
ѧΪ˵Ϊ˼£Щʥ˵ƭ˵ģⶼţˣŬΪ˹õΪ˻üʢú˸ҫ
֪μҾϺְȨ̫֮λļֵ𣿻ޣûİģ⽫һ̶ˮֱĿ⣡ĸ֪ίȫҲҪŽǰ̣
Լ֪ȡҪ赲ҽ㣬赲赲ΪβμҴԭΪ֪
ʲô׹
ݲ趮ˡ
ֻѪ
ΪЩ⻹Ϊǵ֮ԼĶӣˣ
֡
Ҳ֪粻ֻĺ
ٰһֱһߡûڣõۿ
Ӱ΢ǸУһ̾˱Ȳ赽С
ݲɫÿЩͷʾԼް
ӢЩǸﻹٰ⣿
ݲ趢Ϣͷ͸ǵ⡣
ȻˣŰɣ
˵ʲô
˵ȻңƲңҪңǲ뿪ҡ
ݲ軹ǵ͹˶ӵĶӡҪѳݼң
ôѳңȻģĸԸԸȫǡᣬɡҺİŮŲλӡ
˵˻𡭡
˵ϲңϲҡãҲϲҡ뿴ңҲ밭ۣôӣʲôݼҵգݼҵĹپݼҵļҲңһԻȥ
ݲ˺üϢЦ
˵ˣ壬ҲҪȥμңҪȥ˼ɣ
Ҫô˵ҲԣǿμҲݼҺãǴ籦ұŮ۸ҪߴߵģǰȥĶججһӻɱ
룡
ݲ÷ζҪըˡ˵ʵ޲СӸϳȥȥٸʾȥλǰ֪С븸ӹϵջգ֮޳ף
ƾʲô
ƾʲôСӵóԸĸžۣ
˿̵ĴȰͲһ˫Ůܻص߰ɣɵ£ӲˣҪСߴָűݲû̺
ǰ뱣һ㸸֣δ̫𣬻ֻȥׯϴʮꡣ
֪Ĵˡ
ҵѪǳݼģ߾ߣΣݣˣҲýҵֻҪһţ͵ҵģҪң޹ǻѪ֮뿪ģ
˼ֻҺ㣬ݼңӢ뿪ôôѡ
ӹ޲ޣңͺúôţһˣģ㲻ȥׯϾͲȥ㵽
ӵҪûңĴܷɵö߶Զμܵʲô³㲻ǿڿμӵҪμΪһһ۾ƺˣ
Ӣ⻰Ǽʢﶮ̣һࡣ
ݲŭɶִ˰ӣ»ʹ
ݲԷųһֻǣ佫ֱȥμҡӢФμ֪һкȣһֱȵɫףͣμҲϢ


320 Ѿ˼
ĴԹ˲һμǰ̶᧿Σʱоܶӣ
ý˱ݣ׼̫֮ĸݣεȿЦ
ݼûг壬Ҳûг壬¶μҸǻš˳£ٻ̫֮λܵñʺ̫ӸǷŭ̫ƱͲã˿δŵ̫棬Բ̡
ʺ̫ӽȥһʵۣȴǳ˱Ÿ
̫ӺμֻѰ˼ϳڳϰҪֹ
ݲ̬ʵڼһ񼲡֮ɱ˳
׷£ʧķ衱ᣬȴ˷ɡ
ݲǳ⣺ҵǷж񼲣һѵҸأٸʵףɱһɧ
ݲ豾Ͳˬ˿ȷĴȱĺ˿˭Qף˭ɡոպã⿪ڵļˣȫӵ̫ӵģǷŭ
ǻ׹ɨ⼸ˣü˽һݡ
ʵҲڡǿݽʵˣľǾ˼ǵģ漰棬ϾǼ£˾ͲҪˡ˭ûµĻԵǶ
㣬ʵҲǰ̬ȣҲȻ˿ڡ
û취̫Ӻͻʺֻܽѹת޵μҡ
ڣμҵΪ߹ͷ­ʼһܡ
Ȼ̬ȺܼŻֻҪһμģֱӾǹߡ̬ԽǿӲԽ˾μμǵ棬Ц¼ʧ
ţŷкǣֻվſΧۡ
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˵ͣȴǱݲºݻ˭ٸ飬˭˶Ͼ
ͬʱݲ軹ڳϵݼ֮£ʹݼҵȻԼ䲻ϻңԼŮ䲻̫֮λջسΪ̫ӵѰ䡭
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ݲһΪںܶΪ֮٣ŵμϴ
ϷƽһγĴȴ
СеĴĹòáȻ״ظμҪӲ嶼ѣҪ֤ޡ񼲡
̫̫Ҳֻ𽵹˽
׼˲һĴȵţ˺ܶͣ¶һҪʲô̫֮λһҪסģ㡣ݲһУôҪŬȡǡ롱ǡޡ
Ϊˣ˱ݲʨӴ󿪿̸׼
ŷ֪ڡ
ҪȥٻӢͬҲܾ
̫̫ա֮ţȻȷݲڼҵġԼŮūʲô
̫̫˶ǰ˲Χۡ
ǿƺĨĵγ˾޴󷴱ȡһʱ䣬ڽվߣǿжѪĽϵûҲһն顭
̫̫˾ɿһһڱʾͲ뿪
һֱ㣬ŷѹס֮ʣٰˡ
֪ҽ͵ܵܽԵ˶񼲣μⲻΪ𣿡
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Ϊãǿ彡ɵǶˣǶƴȾһҪи̣˭˭ָҳǷϷ˻ĪҪΪҼŷˣԵģҲ¡
Ϸ˲ٴٰǼһξһʼղǷ֮ˣôҪôſڿӣôķڻѻ۶գûģ˶񶾣Ƕ
ԼްʾĴǸ÷зġ񼲡
ȻȺһ¾ͷˡ
ٰ֤ʵ˶֮˵Ȼ棿ٻȾˣ
Ϸͷ۲ѣǳ⡰ԱʾԼ±ȾҪȥһۡ没ˣȥѰҽҽΡ
ΪҪѺܶഽٰ֪࣬ȴ˿ţΧˡ
μϷ˸ոµĻ˰ɣϷһҪţѾˡλ֤
Ϸɡ˵ǰͷҪȥԣһһиͷȣ뽫ëݼͷϡݼҲ
ٰûֹμ˽֮⣬Ϊ̫ٻܡطꡱֲòٴα롱ܸѹĥ
ȻԷĵȴΪĻҪС
ٰ⻰һϷ˲Ҷˡ
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ϷһҲǡ
£ٰһıԾǸ˵ΪͶҲһ㶼Ѿͷ
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˵⼸յ̫鲻ãֻҪ˭ǰᵽٻ𡭡
ϣϦ翪ʼһ
źʹֻ֧ʺ̫֮Խ̻̲̫Գճϱ󣬱ʵæýŲմصİ˻Ӻͽͷö챻ʥϽѵȴûְ̫ӵĴʵڿǡ
⣬˻ӷɻڼͶ뵽ϡһ糯ⶼ벻˻ӵķţˣְء
Իмվ̫Ӳ̫ӣԽԵʽ
ֻ̫ÿԡżƵ
Уϲ·
ˡ
ȷˡ
µС
̥񻹲
ճݲһĸо
ұ£δݲȴӦ˱֤ӣܿͻȥӦλá
ٰ¾ǰյ󣬽ȶÿҲܳһʱѧӺܲڳ˶ʦ̶һסٰѧ棬Ȼ̵Ҳ𾢡
ӢڲһؾǺüգһʼʱ־ʳԲѰٻڷμѹͲҲʶˣѰ˼ٵҪɽڡ¼ӣԹԳԺȣŵ˵˲
ؼճ˲񷿡ȥݲ˵׼ԺԺ򣬸мࡣ
Ҿֻһһһһ񣬺߲ͨġСԺһݲ˵ֻм򵥵ũҲ¯ӣǵС
ûбīֽ⣬ûеǹޣǡҪΪһũһ˰
һ˶ûУֻÿдʹӸЩֲ赭ɨʰҲ·ҪԼϴͰҲԼÿᵽԺſڡ
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踺ءֿ죬ɲ뿪
ʼĹɣաһŹ̵ˮ̿ȥ󣬾Щԭ˵˵ҲһٲԸ
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μûϢӢ䣬Ҳȫǲɢˡ
ȫͶμҡ
ٻΪūǻμҺתҵȻˣŵܵܵĥҲУŸﱻݵϢΡеһУܲˡ˿ޣźΡ
ٰ㶺ӵǿ塱֮⣬ÿնɹɹ̫ģ֪ٻݳĵͲˡ
˵ǣ
̾ٻ֮ʱűȥɺܼ򵥣±᧿Σ̫֮λա
ٰһжͦ˳ģǡڻÿ춼
С׵ĵڶ죬ָ޽ǡ
޺õĵڶ죬һƥСݲ衣
ݲϲСڣյӣȱһȾƵģơ
һ𣬶ݲ͸϶ڱ߾Ǽϵر˵ͣǺйͬԡ
϶߾ļидⱳĿ࣬Դ൱ġ
һٰԵøСۣݲ͸˵˼أڿЩ
ٰҧгݵĿɲֹǵСס
ѧͦ죬ԶСڸĴˡٰףΪÿֻҪһС׾ͻ˷ܵǰ
տʼٰΪĴ󣬺ŷ֣ÿضոպýһ븮ڸǰ
С׳Իҩˣ
ڼ׷ʲ֪ԭС׵ĵڵÿص֮󣬶ᴵһڡ
С״ӳڣγȻӦֻҪֿһ˷ܣǰ
һ˲ٰϵ
˵˻Сףֲãģֻгֱĥ
һգͶһˡһʣǸͲ˵ģƫͲţҧ˱ͼ
ݲһ·ȻǼһԺҴܡһʣμ
ݲ׷֪˲ףʾԭֻûԺ֪պڽƼμ׵ΪģԱݷãû뵽ˡ
£ݲڸ׽˼֡
ٰǺǣǷѾ˼þɰ



321 ɱΪ
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ֱٰ˴ҡڣ㲻˼̫ӷǲҲСķϵģ
ȴЦ
ϣڹ㡣

˵ʵ
֪ʵаˣٻʵֻҪ֪ûв֪ġ
ǰջֱܽʱʵֱˡ
ԽԽˬͻ飬ȴֱԾܾЩʡ⼸ճȥҲ۲ۣǲǱǣԳëáﲻã˿᣿òããǰ;Ҳãô಻⣿ԡԽԽġ
ĥͲţвϹ㣡
ȲĻʵȣ˼ǣĿݶС㣿
ΣٹﰵﲨûҪת⣬Ҫ׷ź޳ԣȷݼҷ˵˼
ʵ֪ƨ֮£̹УҲ
򱻾ܾģΪʶ⣬ñչƣʢʱҲ
ǰٰľܾȷʵֱӣ棬ʵҲʲ⡣
ҡּɡ
Ȼᷴԡôǰز۵ļƻٴִȥĿܡֹᰵСܣܱȴԼȥʰ̯ǿ
㡭нչʵ۾Щ档
ȴм裬衣ݶβִѲûʲôչ
ʵЦ¡ִһշءѣж˳ʵ۰ž
⼸óҪˣƻֻȸˡ
ûϢʵмɻͷβݶִܹأôͲܴ򳤾ս˵ǵˣû𣿡
Ͻѵǡݶһˡ
Ǿĥƻĥ룬ôܣֻҪշݶģݽ˵Ŷˡ
ʵͻȻ뵽ʲôݽǰ˵ʱᵽݶ˼Ѿݶ࿴ѡ㣬ŬŬȡ޵ʱ˹飡
ҪҪﳼ
£Լ뷨ӣ޿ɰﲻϡ

Щһһʮٰ
üüһԣ͵͵ңѾҺѡˣ
ٰЦãʣ㻹Ǳ׷˼ˣ㣬ǸϽʥϵĲá
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ЩЩ£ÿնžᷳʧȴ־ÿġ
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ûסݲȥ
ԭʽˡ飬ͦ
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ٰѾúܲˣѲڸܣȥҸޱ棬ˣһžͱסСֻ֮࣬ܽ˼ѧϡ
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뷨֮ǰЩָУͦ츳֮ŬÿնٴιʮҲѴ
μ˼κʱϢˣΪξ֮£ʱתġ
μ𣬼һҪϲ֮°÷⡣
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ۺδҳԱˡ
ȫϯҲǰˡ
ξóԸҲǷޡ
򣬺£ξһߣȵɣͷ˯껡
ξı䣬ֻԼȡϷΡߣ
ȻˣǶ˶ţӶɣȵĹǶԵģ࿴ܵҪʹֶεġ
ұ㣬õѿˡξ껱Ϣһء
˻Ӱºɻ飬ұȴһţڳɼһ̫˻ˡ
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СǣұС㡣
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ԣڿŬ͸ϳ˻ǵķ棬һˡξ࣬ߡ磬á
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ξȻע⵽ǸԼЩɶ
ҧ˱ӡ
һãǱȰ˻Ӷ˰µʱ䡣ôõĻᣬ˷ˡһŬһѣȡ÷泬Ȱ˻ӣΪΣ
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ɡ
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ռٰĿϲǵġ
ٰ֧һУĿʲôûλ껶ģһܰ԰顣
ӽʼΪҪһᾡľ
ֻҪģֻҪΪĿ꣬ҪӻԶ
Ȼ˵ķҪһлԶ
ξãҪٰùϵԼĽٻ·ȱģٰĵʦأ
Ƿӭ껵ξȫûע⵽зʱʱɨ©и

ͬһʱ䣬̫ӸǰԺϯɢ
ռҶү᯲ؼңԭƵ¹ȵͷϣֱʱӦ£ȥ¾ӼǵӡԼʳԡ
ռӷֿˣֱǰߵ¾ӡ
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Ժֻۣת
һͨͷĵ˳ܣˮʼ۶ǿڹ
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⡣
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⣬ĴȵͷٰƣһĲһ㣬һٰݵĳС
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úõ⣿ȫɥ˵նүˮôû˵ɵ㲻٣ȷʵΪ
˻ӣٰš̩ڣȥɱʲôֲռҼɱҲܶ˺
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ڳƴ̫֮λδ϶μҽμΪȷ׮£ضٴϻʺˡ
ʺ̫ӵѹѾˣΪ˻һϣβꣿ㱻ܸģ
ɱڣⷴвɴİ취ĴȺֻҪһӭжˡȻĴȹμҲǶ֡ԡǱֱ᯶ְɣ
ٰҲţֻҪܳɾʹҵ˵סʲô¡˵
෴ֻһݡ
ӽ쿪ʼҲٻ̫֮λҪЮˡ
ٰɲЦ
˿̵μҡɵ۵˰ɣ
ˣĴȼ˽֤ͨҲû壬ôΪ˲ټĸﱻݺͶ񼲶߿ٻѳ˱Ȼ
ٻ̫֮λҪˣ
û뵽ôȤ
ٰ̫ˡ
껵γ֣ȰԼԸᯣҲĴĸŮһѡμҴ˿ˮʹˡ
εĳɹеǿƵĹͣҲԼ෬Ʋ֮Ȼ˺üΰæڡĳЧԶΪҪǿ
ٰ̲סһ̾
жܻӰءƺҲϰˡ
뵽ĴԶˣϰߣãý䰡


322 Ҫͬ
һ˻̩ͱҧˡ
껺ϴȻǴ̬̩֮֮״볾
ռҪ̩Ǹ᯷ڽǵ
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ˣռҧηǱӣֱָǷ˲Ǳɱˣֱָ̩
̩ضͷö
˭˸أ
ԸϷһҧҲǿһбɱ߰˻ӵĿܣͬҪ󳹲£˻һ
˻ԸһҧסǿǱǿд룬˿ãҪı
ҧһϷ
ʵڷϰˣҿ̫ӣվϰˡʵ̬һڳûƾʵֻһƶ˶Ҳ̫ӵȻֻʱϢġ
ٰˡ
룬ǸǱԸ֧вˡ򲻽û˳ȥԷֻ̿ʵãֻ¶ԷԤı˿ǱԱ硭ûʵ۵ƫ̻ʧ٣û֤֮
ˣĴû˵ݲİģμһʮŬɵ
ʶǺӽõĴŬһѡ
գһȦվ˱ӪǰֹŹĴֻƵݲ޿̣ò
ݲ豩ŭӪ֮ǰŮϣǰϷŵϼ̤
ĴȻ£ԭ׼һѵ˵Ǻͻѻûܿڣ㱻ݲγĵŵˡ
ȱ˵˵ңǰѵĴϡ

΢΢ۡ
봽ݣĴˡ
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ٰǡٻξҴᡣ̫֮λʧۣ֮ίЩԹԣ
ˣŭ
Թԣ
Թ˭
ξһϵܺãҰĶԼɣξǳ˳ͲԼй
ʲô
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һ߿ǰӡĺٻ棬ԼҶˡĴǼˣȣںֻɱ˶ˣֵĸ֮䶼˸ҡ
Ĵռ˶ƣıӵ̫֮λģٻԹԹίԼôŮѡϣǻĸŮǣϡ
껵Ҵ۽ǵξôýô˻ίˣǲҲԹ£
εľûһö



325 ˹λ
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ξȴһί˶ݺݵ񿿽˼֡
մϵʱ¾͸һƬˡɵʱͬڱ˼Ը
ӦףȡΪ棬ֻֻǿ˶ݵλֻǽеһȫϵġ
ûжԶĿֻ꣬չеĿ궼ֻ˻ܹһҲһˣɺʱκҪˣ֮ԻˣҲΪٻڮ٣̲ˣǰȥŭűˡ
⣬»𣿡
ξͰͿ껡
ٰãú껻ľ޿ܳãҲܱȵùμٻǸ֮ˣһܱ׷ͰĽֻҪֳһƬģôٲᷴСǳɱЧİ취
ʵٴ֤Ƕˡ
иһĽԼŮߣ̹
껶ξۣûƿ
ϵĶӽʼԻ
ݲ빬ԡĸΪɣҪϡ
ɵǳ֣ټ󽫾Ժִٰ֣ܸҲǸĹŮ²㴦ۿŮҪңиҪĸ¡ԽԽʵûʱˡ
еʵˬˡ
ݲԼշɣʱھ
ʵʵ׼ˡ
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˿̺ˣٰҡһ䣬˽ŮƷȨŮͷɣôЩݼӳ֣Ҳŵˡ
ôһٴһλɡ
ݲꡣ
ظ󣬱˵ϣٰҲɵˡ
һеһУ̫ʵ
ôɣͳĸޣ궪λֻˣ
ٰԼǵգܸ˴Ӵ֮ҶԸü
ݲ˼ǣз
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ݲΣȻһУȫ͸ϵġ
ٰ̽ͷȥƣһſڽŴ
ǡ
УȫΡ
һ飬һһ解׽


ףԣ
ͷСɫˮͷҲƷԶֹǧˡ

ٰסݲ衣
˵û
治ǿ
Լ⿴ֱϵһֱв˽ӣ
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ױٰȥһ˽
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֪ã㿴ʱ㲻Ҳ˳֣ĿάƯƯ𣿵֪㣬һ㶯ûˡ߶ͣ㿴Ƕ
ٰ˻һ
֮ܰƽٻٵһӺ
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Ҹλ֮˽Գ°ܽݼȫƿأƺһжá
ȥ˾ӣ̫̫һ
̫̫ԣսľ
ͷżԭȥ游λǰͷȥˡ
תתصԭλã游ԸҲǴɣҪ游һ
ƶб˻ҪģٰҲ϶ϻֱӳˡ
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Сɣ˰ˡ
ٰҪĶͦࡣ
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ͣ˽ֽǣһһӲ
ٰȥڵĲҶӡ
ܾûȥˣ̲סȥ
ȻĿǸ游;˾ЩòҶ



326 ҴĹ
ʹ׳δٰǾϲ
ٰô׳æòҶ˵
ʾԭ⼸վҪš
˵Ƭغ˳Բ򣬵ڽϿһƬׯӡ
ׯһɽͷ±ߣкüȪˮȪƷʺܺãʶ࣬壬Ȼɽ´ƬаĶȻãׯӻ԰֡ɽͷ˸ֻ֣ҪϣɽϽֲũǲҶ
ͼֽ
ׯɽ䣬Ҳע⡣սҲǴʪɽĻˮ٣ҲºׯɻĶǱɽˣҲò˿ÿһʳǮǽɡڵطƫƧԼ۸ܵͣ⣬¡
Ǻãһһѯҷʱ٣᲻ѱˣǶģɽˮصĺõط˭أ
ׯҼѾˡԣҪȾŹ
Ҫ
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Ӷδˡٰʵڱﲻס䡣ʮδˡ
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ǲұˡԵټ
ٰ˵ձﳤȥ
Ĺ˻˲Ҷӡ
Ӷթңǲǲ³˭ˣ
ݶСǡЦƹһ衣Σ



327 뾩Ŀ
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ٰ軵軵ģҸζͶʵ䣡Ҹ磬һƫҪҸշҲ񣡡
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ѵʵ뿴øƽһ뷨ŮΪˡ
ѾͷǴ̣ܶӣǲݶ֪˼޹ˡ
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˵˿ԼԽ治ˣԽʺվڸߡԽ൱֮ˣԽܰϸ磬ҲԽʺǸҪ縺లصλá
λ̫ҪһĹɲС
ԣٰЩˬֻҸһ٣ĵȴԸѡ˼֡
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ٰϳˡ
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ٰͬΪӣֶƵıճ˿һټô棬峺ĳʱٰܲϧ
ٰʹ׳һ߸ɿ֣Ȱ趼ޣ֪Լûж⡣
Ҳųˡ
Ϊ֪֪ȿȣܴ򲻹
Բܴ
ˣҲҪ˸ǰ棬Ըĳˣ߳Ӵžõİ취
ڰԼȻ֡


328 Ҫɩ
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ձɣ볣һٶȲȴΪȫΨһͨĹأʣ¶λ
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ңһȭ˸ָķߵǰߡలǴӢ۶Ϊǣҡ

ҽݳͻԽͻల
Ϳɲٰ֪սں˳ۿԳһ·ػ
бֲ¥Ʒжٰ˵һ顣
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329 
ٰҵƺױż͵˿˳ƵĿڡ
ȴձԣͶԳơϼȲһ衱Ŀޣϣƺãȴ׷ŲİָҲʳ˹Ʒȷʵ볣е֮Լ
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Ϣһֱţ˲֪
ֱݲһ٣ϰ͸μŵ֪ǰȹӺδˣֲ֪ݺݳһ£˿̵μң̷ֻ췢ԱЦһصĺˣ
̫ŭޱȣ޶ݲľ顣־ʧһֱŮķʮ꣬ûץסģһҲû¡
ʵʼ֮󣬴̫Ĵȶ˼ȸݲ輸侲ʱ䣬ֻҪ֮ڶŮֺͻ̫¹Ĵٴλع齫ֻʱ⡭
˭뵽ô죡ôͱռȵ
̫̫Ĵȼͬʱط£빬ʥ顣̫̫αµʵۺú̸һ̸
֪ûܰȵ۴͸赸˱˵ϵķھʥּѾ˽
˵һ³鷿ȥˡ
˵ʵΪأݲ٣״˲ȥ
ʥּ£ھ⣬һԣ޷ء
һ
̫̫Ĵͬʱ̱С
Ĵƽһ˾ɥǰ·ȫֻʣ˺ڰ
˭һٰĴ˾档ٰӳׯϺӦȷһٻ·ӦǿʰǳѾͷһʧ㣬̽䣡ȷʵ̫࣡ǲݶ
˭뵽һׯϴʮѾͷ黫ֵز
Ĵͷʹѣͷ޸
̫Ҳʧ̬ˡ
һΣҵĴȽűߡ
һֱһ߿Ϸκȴʹ켫ˡţƫļʮ꣬ڳζˡңȫÿԼҾˡһв˭˭ˮʯ
˵ýҲʲôˣ
κϱѹ꣬ԳڶԲ
Ҳвһ飬ֱĴȷ˰衣
ҼҾ̫ӸҲףϽҪҼҾģҿɳ˵ǰͷ̫ǼϣˡΪݼЩ£̫ϸȥѣһ̫ӸҲҪ꣡
Ĵȱͷֻ뾾ͷ͵
һΣ㵹ǸʲôĽͰһҾ˶ԸҲ
κߣ°ޡ
ҪĶװߣﻹǹģȻݲ裬ͱްֵ̾ôͷأ
ߣ˯Ұˣɷһ㣬Ҫ棬Ҳڱ˶ûôԼͷҹܰʲô
һֱΪýˣμͬǿġҿˣκָɣ۵Ȼҵϻǣ
ԭʲôȥأʲôʱ㺰ɱˣҪ㣬һ͹ݲűԭˡ
˵󻰣ɻѸʲô߿ԣܲÿضڸ棬ҼҾеɣ
а취˵ûͱ𿪿ˣĴǿŭ
ͱ¨ӣҪ취Ҫ˵취еľǡ磬ǸǸģȥһֻҪԸ⿪ڰ飬㻹лظ֮ȥݲٰǰһ󣬻ںǵϣǻƽҲһ
κϾӡ
ĴȲ۸ڶֻһڸϺٰǰĳҲʹ졣
ƽޣĴҪƽޣһһֻȥŸҹ
ΪĺǣΪҼҾΪμңʵҲЩŬˡ˼ôݣ嶼ٻ˿ȴãѾͷڲƽ
ǻɵǲ游ˡòƴʦɣԴٰ߳ũׯٻһֱѹţö㲻Ǳٰһ·ѹĳ̶ȡ֪ģΪٰǵճٰǳ㣬ٰǷأ
κƴزȣɲ֪һ˵Сܣʹԭͷޱȵ˸类һѻѰ
ˣ
̫żκϣȴ״ƴξ
Ҹ׼ӦôˡϽȥѿȥһ̫Ӻͻʺ׼Щһȥþ໨Щ򣬺úø̫ӽһ
κ뿪Ĵȹ̫̫űߡ
Ҳûȫ˵Ȼһ˽ɡʱ򣬻󡭡
̫˿룬ƽȷʵʧΪһ·ܱĴá
Ĵһ뵽ԼҪȥһ檣ҪһƽƽвʺͰٴγܣ
ȻŸճڣ˵յõϢµС

Ĵڵأιȥ
̫ǵϣҲ˲ըˡ
ݲżϵԭɣ
ݲжδٵŮúܣ
ٰΪ˱Ǹδĺӵ͵λһȫֹκٿƻ˿״¼
ԣʹĴԸͷݲԸɿڣٰҲһͬ⡣
е֢ᶼٰϣ̫顣뷨ӴˡֻҪٰһˣϱ㻹ǸԲšһжعԭλġ
ĸ˼ǡ֣ɱǷϣ
ϣϲ˾ɱΪ֣һֱĴ˿̡ȥˣҲУ


330 һ
μҴ˿̵ܲݼǻЦﲻϡ
ʵ۲ʥּи˺첼ʹ͡
һ⿪ҡкǶ֪Ůˡ
Żʵ۵µû̫͵
Ŀʼﲻ
һû룬û׼Ҳ
ݲһɣվȥſһһл
ֻٰһֻֻƯб˻ʱ۵УԼΪβڸԼ̫ƣһɣ
ˣˣ
»أ»ظδĵܵܰʱһҪϰһ
»أٰϲ£͸ҼҰʱˣݲֱۣЦҼҰɻ飬ۼҪγһ٣
Ƶܸܵð껹ǰյٰһ㶣Ц˲ʧ
Լ켰ǣ͵ˡ
ȵܵ꣬ҲǺˡ
Լϵ
ʱΪ˸˰ɣ
һ˲䣬òС
ܵʱﵱң͵ӣʮ
ֻ׻ɽǰʧˡ
ۡ
ˣ

˵͵ȴһɾ
ŵƽʣϲ󣬻Ȼһ¡
Ĵ߹ңūҲȫ¡
ܽԺٻõ˰źֽϲ󣬵Ҳ֪˸ϵλ
ЦЦ˿ޡ
ȴδ̫Ӧ
ˡ
ˡ
ȻҲԼ˿̱μҶκβٰԼȥ
ʲôˡ
ֻϽң
ϽӺ˳˳ھ³һ뿪ֻһˣǶ꣬Ҳ밾ȥ
һһϸϸϲҪסζסʹĬĬܵʹ
Ȼųţ׻ˡ
ĳθҲһн
ûͣ£˳ԡ
ԶԺӢҲõϲ
ŵĿ˵϶л֡
Ц
ϰ飡Ǽ檹ȻҪ棡
ѹֵԼΪԼܿͲ⸮Ψһĵˣ
ʲô룡

𣬳ӭոµһ죬ոµĸ֡
ա
һϲ
Լ
λݼ岮ֶҲء
ûŮǰ磬϶ܾϯ
ɥ£ٰ֮á˸ոպã˶ܻϲϲϼ
طеľǿеء
԰ӵ˹˼
ﻨ㣬磬һ֣̹
ٰӣ֪ĸϷһϷ࣬ʹ̨ӣ֪游飬˾˵ˣ⣬ˣģҲû롣ֻ֮ˣ
ȫܼҷӣǺɵЦӾҪԼϣҪһ𻨣ֻҪҸӶֵã
ݲ軹ͺͮͮΣһĸ½ǰ
ٰԴȻӭ
ϵµ֮ˣ˵֮ʱ׽Ǻõġ
ˣûһλͣǺҲʮˡ
ȻôһЩ֮ͣϲ
ϸСУһЦվǰأʾҪһϲȡ
ˣܸܲ߰ɣ
οǻףλһĻӣ
ûпҪŲߣܲ˳԰ɣ
һʱǰ˲ǰŸոյھôˣ
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ɿ÷⡣
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ɫһǸɫﵹǶ˿㣬ƺͿЩ
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ḡˡ
㿴ҵ֮ǰ̫һˡۡ
ôһ
ûв͡ƺЩϲҲˡ߽
㿴ˡٰתļϡ
㻹飡㲻ҿң
ˡٰ߶Ҳ㣬ΪϽ㡣
Ʊ磡
͵Цһ䣬Ķˡĺ巴ӦҪʵǰĿת
ٰͷƤ飬ԼȷʵЩȣ֮⡣ޣĸŮӱеĶ᲻ŲûӦģ
ûȥղ񡣡
ϲ񡣺пʲô
˽
ţ˽㡣ǿķǣ
Լл׳
ҿл׳ˣʲôһ۾ͶûջߡˣǸģǸݷ˵ģҪգؾ
ƤֶΪۣ֣ԲὫϣԷ
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ٰſڣúƤȷʵҲʲôɻؾ
Ǽ硣ȫҼˣʡ
ҲǣѸٽӻҲܿǼˡüǣ
˵գҲֱٰȥ
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ףҪ÷
ƾĴȥ飬ֱӢȴ̶ȱȫݼ׮£ᱻݼңᱻΪϱ
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ϸҵģ
ˡϴ˵ֱԸ֪ʵۣ˵Ҫš
ˡ
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Σ
ͮ𣿡
֪Ҳٰ֪Ϊڵ߰֡
ҵġ
ҵ¸
úӪһִӦűӪѵЩû»ȹһʣ֪ˡ
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ԣҽûҲûŬǣҲû㡣Ȼ֪ҲңңҶ֪ˡ
˵ص㣬Ϊζ
㱻˽ȵǣ
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ͮ𣿡
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ңͮ𣿡
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ģȻ⡣¾Ͱˡһķڷ
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߽ӣȴһȡ
ޱմԺԶԶӭʱȥһߡ
֪ʮϢȥˣ˼û˵껰Ҳûǰϼʵ̲ˣֻ˳
ôˣٰʵ
ĸȥϯ棬ϵ¡ޱһۡȻϯ
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ǱЦЦԼϯȥ
ٰޱɫƣôˣ
㣬㲻ǾͲ
ûʲô
Ҿ֮Χ̫ԡ
һС
ȷޱһɫ
Ȼأ
ر죬ҲЩ졣ޱǰٰٰ֣ĸȫǺǷڣúܡû̫ܲȵİɣ
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㣬о仰˵
š
ӣ͸øø˵ҵԧ׺ǳ粨ùú͹øĲ˵ڸǲЩŪ˼ˣ
ٰһ̾
ûС
øҽ͡Լˡ˵ġ
ٰ첽뿪תʧ㶡
̲סԼԼ

ڣȷʵȣ
ٰ²⡣
ڱ˵ƤڶûδκγԾƵĴ㣬һͬڣǿһ
ư˵ʣ˵Ͳˡ
Ȼϵˡ
㵱ֶǵ˵ģӦµġ
ĳüͷһȥٰüɫĲģֱ
ڲºȾƣ뵽
ôô֣
һͣڼ磬ҲͰˣƫƫɹŹ֣ȫȻһģȸΪлݲףϣԷ˼պͽ̡
ȻƤģ
߾տʼ˵йҸ硣
Աг
ճ뾩ݲȥӭģݲһָ֪ڡѰˡ
Ǳڻ˰ĺҪãɵˣݲȻ¡
ҸĳҲǱҡݼҡ
̵ĳëٰһգۡ
ٰ˲俴֮⡣
Ѿͷβͣò˦ȻԼˡ
ȵȣԼϴǲ֤´ټʱ
Ȼסֱٰۣý㣬ǽոôһ˰ɣ
ٰԿЩۡ
ڹѲˡ
һҪô˦ÿã



331 æѸ
ٰųݡ
һСͰţЦ˼֡
һۣηηίĺӣ˾ӡ
ǧ޸ĸֻһֳп϶ʱڵתһ뵽͸šͰ͡ĳϡ
뿤ʶչ˿㽻ˡ
ǸһٰȻҪӣֻӳóѵЦɰͰӦˡ
ݲҲ˿ڡǼСۣûŮ뿤
ûĿ𴦰ɣǣҲȥ
ˡ౱ûôء
Цñۻ𣺡һ˾һ飬Ҫġʲô˿ģԼ˲һסҼҺڣĽͷԸ룬Ҹ˻
ٰ⻰ǿſٺϲ£ⶼʲôһİˣҪԼʲô
Ҳɣ㳤
ȫĳԭٰޱһġ˿ٰٰ̳չţȻҲһ顣
ôһϣ˸˺ݼˣá
ЦҪٰһƳȥ⡣
˿˵ٰڣǵļˡ
δ̫졣
˭࿴˭
ٰǵļ࿴ɣ
ٰڣǱȴǴ⣬ｻ
ƹѲ˾Ȼһ
ȥʲôƣ
ǲĿˣŲã
ڳߵģڸȱƲã
ֲ˼ңֻʲô
Уһϵ
ʲô£
ιҪŪߴð˴ʲôٰʾ⣬ɶֱԹ
ٰҪÿÿû뿪ӣһ˫ֱסǳÿÿ¶飬˵ﲻԣﲻֱЦ
ɵ㡣ҲϲҸ硣
¶ôɵȱ⻨֦չϹNɪǾͰЦ𣿵ȻؼҺһúúúͰĺЦһأҵƤʲô̶ȣ
ٰ˳üΣҲʧúܡˣƤҲ
ԩ
죿
ٰץǰյһ˱оơ
ֲɵӣ˭˲ԡ
˭ڶˡ
ǰٰһرԣ¶Ѽ㱻ϴͻ飬ȻԵֲǳ类ѰţǶ˼Ǻͼ֡
ݲҲˡ
ٰһֱڱ¶ϲһðٰ˴ͻջԲԸⷽ汾Ͳеѹû˼
ԭһͷȵ׷
¡е鷳
ջͮ࿴أ
ݲ͵͵ͮһۡǺɫڱӰǲ̫˵ı顣
ݲЩ̣°ã
ֻһʾٰ
һߣҲٰںͮػءöٰô룿Ҳһٰۡ
⣬׾춼֪ԭ࿴֮ͮ⡣ɱҲԻơڽ˵֣Ӻܻ˵Ի̫Ρ˵ĺȴѹƲסͬǽȫٰɨ
ܿ죬ݲµһˣҲ̲סɨ
ٰܸܲôЩߡ
ֻ϶ЩҪǶ˶ˡ
Ϊ˭ҲֹˣҲƻϲϯ
ıֻʣһˡŬԼ
Եķӣһһ
ֱ߳ߴߴͣҲһͣ
پòٺʱͷѾˡ
Ҳžࡣ
ˣ˿̵첱Ӵ֣˭Ҳ˵ˡ˭ҪܣҲ¡ˡ
Һȶˣܺˡٰ峤һЦߣˣ˭һֻҲչˡˣ̫ҿҪˡôŪƯȹҿɲ𡣡
˵ţٰ峤Ǳߵȥ
ֻͲӶͨ죬ǾҲȣҡҰڵģȻѣһƿԼŵ
ٰ͵ЦߣԼɣֻװװԼ߰˳
˭Լ
࿴
ˣ
Լˣ
ˣ
ôհɣ
ͲţûԼϣڻͮﻹһڵ
ԽգֻĴϲգֻΧǱ㹻ˡ
ٰôţ̲ס˿ھƣͷƤϯŪȥˡʵڲУͶȥٻܽԺȥȥ۸ٻܱҪöࡣ
еǰͻȻڵбյҲһա
ԭѾһȦƵǰˣ˵ŹϲΪСĻľƻѾ
͵͵һҵ̫ԣûܺŪҼұȴƭҡˣҸ»ǵ
ϽڸٰƳľٶϽڻָҨ벹ȵĲ٣Ҳơ˽ٰǰľƾȫˡ

ֱٰۻϸһѡ
ˣҹԹţٺ

ˣŽɡЦ˻ֶٰߡұ֤Žȹ룬Ѿơ

ԩԩ
ֻٰ
ᵽġ¡ֱë͵͵ͮ
ֻͮҲƺȾƣ鲢һ˿ϲá
ٰޱǰԣڵǣͮȷʵ̫ͮƽǰͮˡȷʵΪԼ顣
Ʊزװݣ֮󣬻ȸú̸̸
ٰͮεһȴھ۵ס
ǣ߳ǡôһѾ˵Уǿнߴϣ˻
ٰݺݵá
һСƳޱʱȴѾͷҲһš
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ٰȷޱϱ·
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ڽͮݡ
򵥣ֱӡ
޲ڵı̬˼ޱ͸˳
׾ǵͷ
ͮߴʣһգΪֱǰ;áһ˲ŵĸϲԴͣ
мλֱԣٰͮܵǶԡ
ٰһ¡
ͮȻɣԼ䵭ڱӪ￴Լ¶ȡ
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Ц˼֡
ݶСϾǾͷɣķôҲһǴǵĹӺ͹ŮǣңҲҪôһӡݶСյŻܾͻҲų̂⡭
ڸҲ£ϲܹȥЩǲǣԸݶСѰѹء
ֻҪڸӮңұ˵ǶԻ䣬ĸֿףΣ
⻰ôһ˵ƺҲûʲô
ǰܻ飬˿ŲΪԼδ޵ŮӺһ˵Ͽɣ˵ȷʵǴˡǸ˵ñǿϺÿ
ᣬ⣬Ҳ֮С
ɡôһ˵ȴǽͮһ
ͮηˣݲ˵գڳ䣡
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ȻڼȻҪ䱾£Ȼɵͮ䡣ôȵʱɹ֣ͮ²Ƕְ
ˣͮսҲǣҲãҶΪѡ
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׾춼е̨֮⣬үҲҪڣͮȴˡ
ԼǡӦˡΪݶСѸأͮȭ½ԸӦս
˼
һ佫˵ӭս
ϵ˰
ͮĪɵˣ
ûЦֻ
ˬ죡ڸ佫ʱ㲻ǰѹأʤ֮䣬˵ѣԣǱڸóġһڣ˾Ŵ˿ڡ
ɣն
ڣͮɵ
ͮ䣿ƾ
ٰҲ
ǿ϶ᱩ¶ԼģôӮͮ



332 һ
ٰһֱĥ
ɶ˾ô¡ѹء֮˵ˣ
£Ȼûʹ˼
Ǳ¶һʹ˼
Ȼһ
Ϊ赲ͮͮأ
ٰ˽ŪƵ֮ͮ⣬˵Իƣ
ֻǻҪʲô
ʵ˵ٰڳˣ֪ں«ʲôҩ
ͮʲôˮ׼
ԣɵУӪ̨ϣÿ궼Ҫдٳϣּʤʣλļһķڷ֮ˡ
ʹ򶷾һѹˡ
Ļʤ֮ı£ͮñҲ鷳ǻలıలصĽȨˣһ˻ĶԲ˶ߵıԼ
Ȼûġ
ҵ顭
ֻд裬㵽Ϊֵֹģôˣұ»Ը˲˶Լн֤ţɷġҲẦģ˵֣ء
ҪļᶨģҲ˸Ŀ࣬̾Ĳ
λӡȻǸصĶ棡
ͮݲ裬˼
ݲͮˮ׼һǰһʾĪ嶯ȫ棬˵ȶ˾ƣ赶ŪǹʣҪȣɡ
ͬҲʤ֮䡣ڿɴûԼ䡣аա
תͮ
ôǱд衣ˣҲǸȡΪƽڸΪΣ
ͮݲһۣͬˡ
ϵдоսܱȽಫҪȫࡣҶԴݲһſǲ»ʲô¨ӵġ
˵ˣմϲ֮գüѪԲõһȡһڽ㵽Ϊֹݲ貹һ䡣˿ͬ⣿
˽Ӧǡ
ݲЦˣǶ˼˷ܣǿϲˣǴӲ׵ĶŮͻȻģ
ƽ£ԽҲܺ棬˰˳ء
ҲԴƥСٰںԺһƬӣؿһƬԳصֳɡ
˵¶ˡ
ĻҪݡ
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磬˫ϲţ֡
Ծʹȵɫжˡ
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ףСӱץˣʳԣ
Լ𣿻û׼ã
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Զȥ
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ʶճȥŷǺӰֻԼߡСӣȻˡ
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Сһ㡣
ǶδȫţԳδ¶ҲδǶҲΪȹ۲Լɣ
Ӣ𣿡ֱͻͻ
ҿոûֱӳ
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ӢͷȳţֻһɫܱĹŹ֡ˤڵصĳɰһ䡣ôûáûõŮӣܴԼ뿪𣿰ƽȻҪΪ顣
ҡ㣬û°ɣܻݣת۱ǻ֡
û¡ֻǱŵˡ
֪ߣɫµӢ͸ſȴҲ´С㣬ʶԪ˶ˡ벻ĴӦôˡ
⸽Ҳ⼸Բˡҿ㲻ӦңˣӦûˡѻ
򶨣ӢԼİȴ޾塣ݶˣ˵ԼҵǹӼġֶӣСŪ͹ˡ
ҵ˽þãˡűӡ
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꣬ЩԺΪ˯ءǽǳģʮʱ
ӢǽǿһӲݺ󣬾иӵ
Ժƣ򲻸ˡ
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Ӣ⽫һ۵Ѻȫ¶˳
ѽ
Ƽֱȫˡ
˿оɣмǽģҲмˣе˿Ƥⷭ}ˡ
⡭ǱģСӣԼôݣµȥְ



338 Ƥ
ӢΪ룬˶׼
˺ֻһд;
Ϊڱϵġ
ôȻǿˡ
һҪҳȥȭһսΪʱڵص˵ֶʱʹƵ
Ϻö˿ڣٲ뿪ֻ·һԼµȥ֣µƤⶼûŹ
ֻҪƽ뿪ʹһ˺ȥ١
ȻѶϼ£ջ᲻ٰ֮Ű׵ܣһ٣ʸ֦ΣʲôͷɣֱǶ˻棡ոΪλŰеӣĸ֮λȥڵǷǲ֣ۣҲԹԡ
õı
Ȼһб˷֣һҲһõϡʱһűָЩ࡭ΪԼǾͲٿסԼûȣ´ȥСݳȥѪ飬μұٺݼҲٿסš
Ҫ뿪طˣ
Ҵ۽ǡ
ɺޣѹǲ˼㣡
㣬²˳٣ǸϽߡ
Ӣӹȥĺɫ޶ϣʼж
ʾ⡰С㡱ȥŪ˼ֻ
ҹɫٺ󣬸Ĵ˵ֻ·ȡϼֻ
ʣ·±ϲ
ССˡ
ԭҪΪ·ֻΪǽصȼ
ǸүϤúܣרƧС·ҵһ񷿡
һߣǰ֮ʱŷŻˣûС񣿹ܹ
óţǽ룬ͷһѻ
ûûҲδʾ˳Ͻߡ
ȵȣͣǰû˵ҪŻһݼһٸ飬ҪԹ˾ģ
СǣǼ񷿣ת߶ѣʧġӢġ⴦ƫƧûʲôˡǸϽ뿪˻Сġ
ŻǸѧģӦܳɹɣٰǲɢ˴룬˲ף׽ǿ϶ġմ磬ָò㣬ϣ˲١
ֻҪϽ뿪ֻҪСݵõԺһˡ
ȫһ֮ʡλС㡱¶⡣̫󡣡
ʱ䲻ˣβܰң
Ѫǩӡ
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𲻴ӦӦҾˡ
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Ӣĥ䣬ǩֺѪ黹ˡС㡱ϡ
С㡱⡣
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군
ӢͷƤ飬մ㰴ŵڶ׼ƻű¶˿ڿݼŰæȴŷӭȺˣôţ񰡣
Цòõٰ
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Сӣ̽ͷ̽˭أһЦһӽӴŸ߰ⲻǴĸĸ𣿡
ޣֻһȺĸסٰ۵ٰ͸ĵļˣҲ䣿
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ˬһһֵѪȻƤ
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ɣӢǰΧɫһֻܽĵƻˡ
һת󣬱㽫ߡסˡ
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ٰڼͬʱ֡
淨ɲǲǰСӿסҪ븮ʱһģһ·
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Ӣŵǰѻѱݲ費ŭ̾һ
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λϷôôأ
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Ӣ㾹Ȼңɫ˲䲻ÿѧҼǺˣÿһ䣬ҶȥǶֻ
ô죡ΪҲ죿Ҳвңծȥˣ

˶ɫͻ䡣
֮󣬲ֱӡ
һֱץס˻һ󣬱סӢ֮һ
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Ǳϵźڷ
Ӣעݲϣ뵽סСԭֻĸʨӡ
𡭡
ҡծģ
ۻңӢӿʼֵķߺŷֿ͵͵ġ
뾩һֱû˽
ٰ˼ΣĲС
ӢǰЩһξʳһأ䲻˵ﱻݣϷеȻϢĴ;˫ĥǸһͷĳ֣
ǣֻһ㱻߶˦ߴٶ
ˣٵ־
ݲ鲻䣬Ҳ˺ͣͷֻʰ
ݲʮ㣬ȴδ˼ӢҪЩѵʧ˺󣬶һ̶ˮ㣬Ҳˡ
Ӣסʼȡ
ûõġû㡣ûбͣȫǼˣûˡ
ȷٰһۣ治Լˣˣ˻˼˵⻰
ڵЦϰ߳Ȼ㿴˾ûôӦЩ˰ɡ
Ӣɵָۣ
㾿ʲôˣôȻֱŮˣˡ
¡
ѻƪٰһɫ
һȥ
ҵС㣬ˡԼ˭У㲻ٰǽ㣬ϡôõĽ㡭
Ťͷٰһգۡҿϲˡ㣬ԺƺҡáŶ˵ܶ˶ɩɩͺ㡱㺰λɵó
ֱٰ飬ҧźվվԹڣðƤһ㣬ܱȡ



339 װͿ
ã
Ӣ˲ɵۡ
ɶ
ԼŮϣˣԼŮ˻ڵӣɲ죿ɲҵС㣿
Լ⼸ʱڽ˿Ц
ԭӸ˺ݺһƣɵͷȴǵϷӣһϷ
ͻȻ
ΰ
һģһֶΣ
ԼôɵΣ
찡
أ
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̧졣
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ݲ費ôϲ˻˽Ӣߣ׼дá
һ̾òţݼСӹѳ١ССͱ࣬ɱ˷Ż۶գӣֵ
ɢȥȥԺȡ
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÷壬ֻٰͷΣ죬Щмܡ
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ģҼˣһƺһýġϸһգۡȻϸԣѼӲ˻̬ʵд㡣ԼҪڸ£ͲԼˡ
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ԼԺҲٶԼüˡ
㣬һһ˵ҴģġѪҸ׵ģ֤ý
ٰۡ
Ǹð
ԭѪЩ֡ҲǷ¡˲ģȥ鷳ԸЧͣǺá
Ҫãܻ鷳
㰲ġ¿Ѱǲ
Զԣúã
ٰϽͷɲԸλβһšȻԷӷȻ͸߶͡
ұлˡٰ۸ĳˡ
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ΪҲ֪Դ˶̣úõĲ𣿱ϹֻͣһӣҪ̣ﲻðҵƤ֣ȥúôšյأһ͹ˡ
ֻԹԸŮȻˣҪ¡Ӧµλһ͹ˡ˿һҪ
ޣʲộ˵˵ʲôСҪ꣡ͯ޼ɣұ㲻ƽˡ
ڣ
Ѿͷ˵ʲôأʲôͯ޼ɣ
뾩ʱ棬մȾŮˣһֱΪǷ¸ţôͻȻ
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һɩӡ̹ҿصŮˣҪҲԲΪҵӡôе顣
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òܣɫѾͷԼȫƫˡ
ԹΪҲ֪ʲôЧٰǲǣҵˣ㲻ܣ˲ҪҪ˵ģھǣЩլҪвô
磡
ϡҳãҲలٰΪ£ôҾͲܣҺΪల¡ƾҵݣʵ۵ļɵ֮˵ƣҿܻкԵ𣿡ûʲô롣õһעˡ

ԹԴŵȴо֮ǰʹ켸Ե£ͿȰңѾ

ˣѾͷױٰƫˡ
ΪҲ֪ǲǻ˽ңأ֮ͿԲޣڿȴҲ˽ҡǰ㣬Ҳãã䱻ЩҰĵļһóɰڲ̣Ͳޡ
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ҽ̫Ӹˡ̫ߣ׵ܵûбĵ̫ӳ֣óֶλǰмӢƱǹزסˡ䵽ʱ鷳罫ȨԼС
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ָ֣ʹġò͡ΨһĿɽԼ
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Ӣݼѳɶ֡
ʵ̫ݣСϾû⡣
Ϊ棬ҲΪ֮ǲȥμ֮ݻΪ飬Ǹúˡ


340 ѵĴ
ת۾ǰ³һ
˻̩Ĵ֮ա
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ҼͷӵһģͬķƷںԺ˼ʹϵܺãΪǫͣϸܲүү˴ˣǰмӡ
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һ˼Բԣˣȱ㡣Ҳᱻۡ˭˵áֻ˵װֻǿȱ㡣ҺԺϵ֮໥ƺ;øɶ˵ã˵ͬѰ
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ֻиվһ𣬲Ե
ٰߣӣֱӶȥ˳Ц
ٰüͦõġ
ƻ̫ѣǰûЦЦˡ˿ĵػҲǳԼεˡˣõİɣ
ٰСһǱ߳ҵκϡ
κôҲû뵽пҡ
ЦסվͿһֻĽӸ
ţӢѪκˡ
ǧ
ǳ⡣
Ȼٰ˵鷳Ҹмˡκϼ뱨£ȻӦ
һصμңκϱĳѪ飬ĴһĶ⣬Ŀɿڴ̫̫һ
ڣκĨᡣ֪ҽ˶ί˶ٳЦ˶ٰۣ˶ӲŽѪֻ𣿡
κ϶š
ĺ£ѪȥĴȸǰ̵ĺöӣıӵɱ˷Żϰô˭
ĴѪֱֶء
ӵְɣ
ĬǶӵ֣
ô£ϷץѪ飬һĿʮпꡣ
ϱߴǣֻҪѣĸ׺μұӦѪ𡣱ǧӡŶŵ
ǿɲ֪ӢдѪʱֻԷϹȫû㽫ҪѪ֡
̫˲
ܼ⣡Ǹʲôܴμ̸У
κϿĨᡣ
ӢǰճѪ顣¶Ю˿˻𻹲ɱˡ
ˣ̫ĲӢκϡһ֮ʣѪ飬ʲô͸˳ǧŶֻˣ
ʲôһ֮ʣ֤ȷ䣡
κϺ
·ǸϽϯĿץ˸šܺǿ֤һѡలӣҲойٱݼף֪жٱ͡ΪֻǾÿԵû
Ĵüʣɡһû
κЦ
ǿ뾩¶棬󽫾æˡûִ󲢲˼ҾԸϢˡտѰҪ˵ҸҾ
ʲôӣ϶ڳأΪǿɵɲвң룬һ򲽣㶼ǼٵģѪǼٵģ¼Ǽٵģɵһ˵Ǿûϻ᲻¶Ŀӣ
˼ίأ¹లغͿһʣܲ׷
Ӣٻ׵ܵܣƷвˣӰǵĻҼҾҪۣǻμҵĳŲ𣿻벻̫Ӹˣ̫̫淣ٳ¨ӣɾʲôûˣ
Ϊ˷ϳĿڣҺ˵˵ϵӶͳȥ˼Ҳſһǲţȥһʡ
ҳˡԼŰ죡ҪôǧһӡҪôѪ黹ң͵Һ¿ηΣȥҪұ㲻ˡ
Ĭ˼Ϣ˿ڡ
κϺǰȥѪ飬ĴȻܸ˵ȷǶдκԶǼٵģҲҶġӢٳ©ˡ
桭ǧͷѪ
һƭ㲻ɡҺſһȥǮׯƹ潫Ʊ˿Ǿ䣬ţԼȥ飡
ɡûǧĴĻӡ
Դ֮ϵǼҲ̫̫ˡԻͷ¶棬Ӧһʵ˼βѾȥ֧ЩҵˡǻϢЩӻμҵġ
ϴαڶһӣ뷨ӸﱸױΪŮѹξһͷܵιŶһ֡
һǧɲ׽⣿Ҳܴգǧóȥһĵûˡ
ҲܣκЦЦͳġҪĴȸʹ𣬲ʹѻ
ͳȥġŮͱ¨ӣܻܲػضҺ;ƺ󲹿
κϱضţӲš

ɲղ˿ԼľǱĴûʸ̸



341 ׵ڿ
ȷʵĴûѡ
ֻӡ
һϷȴǺ嵽̫̫ڱʾԸеһǧ
κϺЦ
ƾʲô
ǿšŮңɳ㻨ӡҲ๫ã±ӿһͶ̥μҵŮκ˦ߡ
̫̫һӵĻֻ£Ҳòǧӵκ
̫̫͵ң׻ת޵Ĵϡһŭֱ֮Ͻ뷨תơĴίȥֲˬˡ
ƫֱκ϶μɩϱУһʱ˶ԼƫĵԹ𣬸չ죬˭¶̫̫ǲܣ˶ԹĴǶй䳰ȷСЬ˿öʹӣĴԽӲùˡ

ǧƱʱٰЦ
ѾͷȻˡ
ʨӴ󿪿ڣȻﵽˡ
ⶼμŪģ
ǰɵúܣҶû¶棡ٰǰǣֱҡ£ǰҡΣòڡƣһ֣¶һ
ֻһֵָֻĿ
ٰЦ𣺡Ǻһǲǵı
һͦϲϾ뾩ĵһƱٰǧġ
ã绹NɪҲҪٰǮģԼŰɡ
˵ȱӣ
Ҳȱ
Ӹá
ٰЦҼҵļãٲҲԼ뷨ȥҪӣҳѾлˡﻹӵĵ
ӱΪİ
ӣ
°͸ϣٰЦûҵӣܲˡҼȽ㣬Ȼǰ㵱ˡǼȻһˣȻиͬÿˡ
㣬ɲҪǧٰЦֻŪ񡣡ٸڿӡҲǽƤ̫ҿɲҪˡ
Ǳһ˭Ӯˣ˭ӡ
ۣûաпҲ򡣿϶򲻹Ű
㣬Ѻ塣ҸĿˡ
ˡһ¡ˡ
ٰǷܳæ
Ҫϲ£ǰûŪЩ飬˿͹°æ󲿷¶ҪᡣǸͮ·¾Ѿͷ󵽲ˡ
Ҳߡ¾û뿪ô࣬ǡ
治Լˣһģһٰ룬˼ʲô򷢡
֪
ҸͯС
䲻ģʹӳð˳
ٰۡһڲ

ȿȡ
ڣǱӦʱ򡭡
ٰͣ˽ɶ£ҲܣҶǷҲҪǹЩܡ
ٰδ˵꣬ȴǴҡһͦǰһһ
㣬áҡҸϲˡ

˦ɾѿǣֻٰ󱳺ëˡ
Ҹͦõġɡ
ûôŵң˱᣿
ġ΢䡣뾩Ҫָġ⣬ڣһ޳ȥˡʱҪ𤶼ɡ㽫ɩӻǽ㣬Ҷ뱧㡣
һ׽
ͻȻٰ̾뵽ǰĳˡԼһһӵӡԼңԼٻÿģȴǱ磬龫ǹ˰뱲ӡҲӶǲòѡΪ˼壬׵ĺӶҹˡʱúεʹ࡭
ϢϮٰΪѹԼı˵ͬʱɻƲЩǰûн֮˵ĹϵԼĿ·
ھֻҸһˡ϶㣬һúģ̇˫˳һҸ¶£ûвɵġ˰ɡ
ոɿ˲˷ꡣ
ٰʹƿ˳ץƱС
ߣϽߣƱǲҪġŻȥưɡ
ðɡǶģȷʵŲġұһȥƣһŸҸϱáЦơ
˵ȥҪˣϽʶ㣬üա²˲֮

տʼÿ춼Ҫ
ֱԣǰδɩӵġ
ٰհ׸жˡ
Ϊճ˵Ҫָػʵ״˵ǡءʵǵٰÿնҪｫϸʮذ˻ء´ټˣһҪúý֮ʰһٲŽ
ɺ޵ǣС̫˵ÿøϲЦտһеݲȻĳû
һб壬֮ȷʵ첻١
УҪ˵˵ЦԼŮûգóӽơ
ڳ壬ʵȴʶȤġ
ÿնٰǰϼȦȴûзٰ£ŸտССڣʡ˸в¡գڸץһͷԵļһԭĴȷĲдѪĶ̽
ٰΪ뵱һޣÿնҪ߶߶˼ء֪ʵԷľǡϰ߳Ȼӡ⡣
֮Ϊ˺ˬ£˺£ӹµ˶ϲʲôóԵģҲһݡȻҲ˰һݴ硣
ûչڽλ˫ۿɼˮǴߡ
ǵˣٰ֣ߵСɺͲƺҲշˡÿÿ߶߶ǶԽʱ˻ðͷȰ͡
˲Ծƺ֮Ҳȫˣ
ȷʵҲڵĲԡȻ̫ѣֻܻһַʽǳټΣΧ֮γһΧȦγǹ³ǲԹͶ
ٰ֪ģڰĵһֱ˼ԵĿԡ
ݲ֪ʵһ£Բ״ùġ棬˿ٰĴеľ£ٰܻ֮˲ࡣ
ݲڳ£ѫȨңҲûѰȫŮѡ
ЩȨῴٰŮһ˾;Զ֮ˡ
Աȣ֣ʡ
СǸλȻΣգȴǹΣաֻҪõǱ¶ȫµΣշǰȫ
ؼ˵ڿŮй⡣ǹ⣬ǴŮҸıϡ
Ȼˣ뷨Ӵʵ۵ͷ˳ˮۣ
뷨ݲһԡ
˫һۣǲǻһӣ
̩̽ɻ㿪ʼˡ
ջʵڣ˶ţδˡ
æ¼¶棬һһĻŹ
ϯȥ˵ڶ֡
Ѳ˼ˣԱ˷ȥ˿ͷϢ
竲ֻ֪ݲΪ̽ѰĶ
Ƿݲ飬֪ȻһӦˡ˾磬ϸѡ˿˶͸ڵģǸǴòζһľɫ
ݲҪа費ʾ£ЩͬѰѬ㡣ݲ費뿴Сɫ񣬻ҪжӦȵȡ
˽ݺ󣬹Ȼûٳݲʧˡ
ССӦ꣬Сӱˡ
ʵݲһֱڰ۲죬֪СӾ࣬ȴмѣڱŮ˵
ԣֻԼchiס
ô㶨ûУɰڲļһ
׼뿪ȴǡͨһĹע
ڷˮˡ
ˮģȻˡ

СӾǺϧģþɫˮڵˮ붫һֵݲ贽Ϲ
Ϣܿ촫
ԭŮӵʱһСģϡ֮æұ߲ˮҪֱӿˣ˵ûûԼÿ
Ůֲĸ㲻ӣǸ֮goudaҲ¶ˣҲˣΪ˳֪Էȴˡ
һߺʹһ߽Ů͵һơ
ţŮֱӱӳ˴⡣ȴغչС
һʣ˵ǰѵˣŮһѹ˿ڶˡ
󣬱һ԰ףڱ뿪˻ںʾյŵǸ
ŶҲǾѴ룬׷׳ȡЦ˵ĵѹǶҲĸʣԩԩ
竿ڿ˵϶̫ӣŸŪӹǡ
Щڵ٣ͷݲ裺Ǹùϲ𣿡
ݲ
װģ
һ̽Ǹ֪µġ
û֪ѵҰˤСҲ֪νԱν˺͡
ܻᱻŮѹ
뱻Щ竺˵˵һСӵҪһЩˡ
ݲͻȻͲʹˡ
ôԼʯͷҽˡСˣӰ˭
ȻݲĲԻδ
ﶼҪԡ
ѲҰˡ
ţ᲻úײסǣ
һѪͷС
ϲûиõ⣬ֻ



342 ڷ絲
ٰ֮ݵϰߡҪǰԺҸδջһ
ֻû뵽˯֮һͷ˵ʱȥ
ιȥˣٰôΪûҴʲôҪɣٰ֣ﶼԼߣͻȻˡ
ⲻԡ
ǲϴΧԼʲôʱˣĪԼˣǷ˶ʱⶢԼ
Լ̫ˣ̫̫͡
ݲ豻ҷŵС֡
ʳЩҩ˯źָһ̰㡣˫ա˯һʱݲҲֱԵ
ٰԼŮҩ׵ɵģ
Ƕʲô
ٰ֣ԼͷЩʪ˵ô˶׹ӣȵȣϵģ

ԭݲ̽
Ϊ꽫
еٰ˯ȥۿɫݲϽȥڡ
ѾŪãڱʵ۶׼Ϣաϵ
˵ǸٰСˡ
ںܿ͵
ţˡ
˵µûͦ
ɡϽߣȴӭƼٰѾһżס˴һ·ϹĲơ
أ
ȥ˱ˣ֪
û
ʱ򣬴˯ɣӦǰԺ
ʹˣûȥǰԺ
ǰƵûţﶨضϢȥˡʲô
ǣ
ǶšûԲ֪⼸һֱæµżû˯áշ˿Է޾ɣ밲˯һֻ¹Ķ˯ˣģһ˯ó񲻵ꣿ˿ôã
ǸϽ¡
ѾͷͷѰȥ
ڶȻҲҹһ
ٰ̰֪ġ֮ǰǻȷʵȡҪ˯һҸķڡ
ɹ۲
֣ѡϴιбԾʱ˵壬įϣɳɳž˲ʹ졣
ߣӦҲᡣ̫ȣС治٣ѵͷɣ˯ʶѰա
ôͬݲ֮ӦҲȥ
һܿ˶֮أԶūļ·䲻Ҳɵ˯ҲȥƬڵݶ֮ء
˼ڸǵҵġһҸӸ£Ծ۸֮ء
ô
̧˲ӣֱɽ
ǵһͤӡϰϰ۸УƧġ
һѡ
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ṦʩչϢ㵽ɽͤ
һ
ȻͤС
ͤΣ˯
ڷ˲ӵͬʱҲʧЦ
ѹ±ūûѰˣôֱֱʯϣ˭ܿҲһֱеͤӿڲſˡ
ɽʪūҲ벻ͤˡ
ЦǶԼ
ԭԼѾ˽ˣȫµ˼ʱǽŵġϣľͤУһ±ҵΪİȫҲϣϬ
⡣
Ҳš
ȷʵһʼӽֻΪãһŬˣٺϣϵһʱ֮ǰ㷢֣Щִˡ
ַɵִ֣ܿصسˡ
ΪԣһֱԼġСѪͳǧֵ׼õġ
ֻΪ˽ӽͽС˳ȥԼһΪలˡС׸ô򵥡
ֺҲǡնĲӯȫҲǡЩʱĴϲú뷨
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򼴱ͤУҲһӣ㽫紵˿Ūȫʪ͸
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Ǻÿ
ڱɹɾɹڡǷɫ壬͸һ˿СɶγĽ󡭡
Լƫƫü䴽Ƕ͸ľǿ
óԺúȣʳƣϯܴͷԵβɴ˶һ㲻⣬ݡ۲죬⡭úǵط
ܿ̿࣬ⳤܻԵ׳ֳȳϸö࣬ͣϸȥһѣ᾿ӯӯһյ뷨
ôãȴƫֲô磬ƯѶϴȥǷɻļѣÿؿ˰ɫҪһ͸ٰʮƯѡ
ŷ׬׬һţ˼˺ܴ󷽣ȴƫƫԼĵúܡʶôãûԼʲôöƺǷΧˣⱲһ㡭
ֹۣȴƫƫԹʱʱڴ󿪴ϵ
УʱçײƣʱʱηʱηηΪıǰ̣Լʱȴǳͷβͷڹꡭ
ϣìײʹΪĴڡ˵Ҳ۵Ĵڡ
Ųۡ
룬Ҫ£Źֵһֻ˭氮ԣϣ⡣
һЦ߽
˲Ż˯ô죿
ȥδȴ֡㲻֮Σֻצģɣﻹ˿̣¾ðꣿ˿ƺҲпɡ
ܲǸ£Щʪˣɱ
ǣ֡
ǽֶ˰·
Ǵأ
µʱ䣬ߵλŬûȴóԹϣףһӦһֱڽʾ֭
֮࣬޻ͣϸµֹĵȫʱ䡣Ҫѧ䣬Ƕڿˣѧ𾢣ԲȤֻŪ˵ϣУˣӹˡ
һֱںʱܰɣֱ̳ǳȥġ˺ȥһѡ
Ӧúࡣ
ﶼģŸ˰衣
꣬ûܳ
ڵ־ô˺һ˻
Ȼһ۷˿
ϣӦúܰɣ³סˡ
ɡʯαߣɷ̫ɡס
һЦѡڷ絲
ա
վڷڡǽɡǰϣܶ˯һ
ڲ֪ݲҲڸںɽɽ͸һϸףһһ۵ס
ݲһˡ
ദԽСӲǰǳ
װ竣ȻҲʵ˺ͮĽ֣Ҳȷ˹Ŀ࿴Ǹݰֻɣǹ¶һϿɡ
ԣһСǸ֣һƱػ¶š

֣Сֵܷġ
ԣݲֻ뿴СӶŮȢֵϲй⣬ΪలأΪĴ㡣
˿Χˣ˿̫֮̿ˡ
йŮֻ꣬ѣΪȻ֮롣
ŮôǶڲļ⣬һ۱ܿǷɫģһĿȻ
£Ҳлᡣ
ҰģвŮžܾľ£ڴ˿˴û£һЩʲô
пܹ¶˻Ůڡ
Ů˿ڣŮɽ˵ŮˤʯϣŮһ¼ɽ˵ŮεȥȴŻˣֱ粻Сھ֮гŮѡ㣬ŮһԼŮòͷŮľˡֻҪıõܵõŮġ
ȻСôɵݲԵʱץС
˺ȥץǵļƻ
ûΣգŮܹ̽Ƿ˼ġϽ˸ѪͷãֻҪܱ̽࣬Ůƭá
ԥ
һ̬СӸҽצӴŮƤͽСӵצ
Ƥգһֱڶš
ԣȫˡ
ڳϼɽֱ˿̡
첽鶼͸Žšһ㣬ݲ⡣
Ů˯ţһңţһ㣬ݲҲ⡣
վڷڣɡŵʼǷƮԥǷ߽Щݲ迴ͷ̹١
߽ݲġ
֮ݲ跢֣Ǹɵ
ʲô
ȥûȥûſҪֱ졣Ҫ£־ٴվڷڡɡŮͷϣ˻ȥķʽվͤڡ
ûнŮ
ɽ£С߹ʱŤͷ˯ˣҲδڴ󺰡
ݲôɽ￴ɡҲ˸һʪ͸³ݲ費ͣЦȴԽӲá
úˡ
˵й⣬ڵԡ
ͳ裬ˡ
ЦŮ⫣
ѾһӺ󣬲š֡
Ѿ߷Ų


343 ׵ľ
Ҳ⡣
᲻ᷢˣ˽ݲ衣
޿ܡݲصúܺãͳ̽ͷ̽ǿʩչǸҲܷ֡
ٰ꣬һûܻ


ϺͶЩҲŪȥģ
ף챦ʯÿɺ׹СΣԷ׾
ⲻǹ𣿡ٰĿ¶
ϧô๦˼ҲûģݲǾѣ߯ѿУǺѰôߵĵضݣѾͷ²㣬ԭ㻻һƯѵģ
ݲߺߣ᲻ô硣ѹֵգڣ˵׵˶ûСȻõ˿ȱǼѵǮûΣ
˵ƣֳͮɵĶûס
˵£ݲԹˡ
ĸģԶŮΪ٣˭ϣԼҺģ˭ҲڰʱȺأ
绨ĹֹУƫûһסٻҲͰˣϾǷһĸǣ
Ůأʥϳ購Ȩҡ۳裬ΪҳǸʡ£ɻûˣ
ٰôһ߶ȻҪ͡
ʥҴͻ顭˭ûȤ˵ס
ĴͻѾˡʲôҵģУǾͷɣŵĶôͷѪǣУϸͻϦ£Ϧ֮ǰأҲû˵װɣҪҪԼԭ򣿡
ٰ̾ϵһСһСԹ˺ܾðôһ߸ɿŲ˵ŵ뷨һµģ
ҵá
Σ˭þͼ޲ȥݲ߶
ոմǸǶȿڵԥԥֻǶŮաСָֻǿǺϵķ˿Ҫߡ
ôõĻᣬȻ͵Сֵ˼ûС
ǰŮ̬֮צϴûйŮ֮֮£ҲŮɣĳֻǺ
㣬ͳҵŮĴ³񣬿ģҲ̤żǰ߱˳λ˵Ϧ׵ĶﲻνŮ˵סмͷɣҲǶǿʵ̫
ԵãҪıˡǸĲˣǵϰܷԼٺúװԼ
ٰĬ
ѵԼ⣿
ȷʵǰ껣ڣԵȫûѡƫƫԼ˼ģҲܴԭΪ档
û氮ÿµķ֣
Ӵ
˸߲ҲͰˣ;¶ɲˡͮԼϵĴܴ˰ɣ

ԼҲİ
֪ˡѣʮֻҪϸˡ
˵ݲַԸӣûڣϽȥ볣Ѿͷһˡﰲѡ
ٰſڣܾͳǴ̵۹⣬Լܳܵ
ѡòã
ͳҵģѾͷ۹áѾͷһ·ӣصûû·߹βͲأ
ȷ׵
УúѡѣΡʮ幬ûˡ˿ǽŮ棬Բܵˣǰ֪һ֮û֮⣬ҲֻſˡԼţ

ݲֲһ䣺ʵ㣬ϵ˿ȻɣйŮڶԶΪ²ȥ֣ô
Ůúô磬һϹЩ˵Ĺۣ
²ȥ֣̫ˣ
С
ݲ費ͣ߶ٰУʼССһɺͷ֮С

ʱݲ边ȻƱٰС
ٰĿɿڴ
Ȼӣ
ؼǣ֪תȴҲûӳ⡭
Ҳ˽ӣ
ܣ֮ǵѵģݲʹ顣ӺͺòϼﶼУʮһƯˣϽʮȸʮ崩ġ
˿ٰעɲϡ
ֻ׷ӡ
Ϊû˽ˡȻӣﻹߥǼӣתݲ㽨ŮĴȸǼӸˡѵٰҲǣ˵ĻӵתϢ˳ȥ
Ҳܣаš˶ӣ޳ȥģĴȵӣûҪϡߣ类һá
ٰ֣ӵӣôֻϺꡭ


344 ݵֶ
ݵٰܿʶ
ݲҲæǰʮ幬ڼǶд죬Ծк͹еķҪǿ⣬Ź֮Ҳÿʼš
Χ࿪ʵȻٳһۡǰһֵӦڴ֮£ҲðšˣԭһҹΧ֮ƱصҪӳҲֺ̽Ͳ֡
ǣݲ鷿һһʱ
ڼ䣬һˡ
ʵ۸ӣ˲β裬ѻʵ۱ӣãʮĸҲһˣ˰˱ѻ̲ʱڣ֣أ̰ûãǰո빬Ĳ֪ʵۣ׼̿¹⣬Ϻԧϲȣϵģֲˡ¹Ҳʱ
ݲ谵üԴ޸ǳĻʵۡ
̫ɽʵ۽յȥȻ˵
ĻʵƺʰȤԴϦʼʵ۱һն˹⣬˭ˡ
ʱ˲⡣ʵ۶նδ̤Ϧûȥʮûȥһ˻ӳɻҲûȥԻʵжԻʺ̫Ӳ֮⣬ֻǻʵƽȨƽǵ
һ£ʵȴʮ춼޺󹬡˹ǶλλԸ̧һ԰һŮҲ˶裬ֱӱˡ
Ǽδһ޻Ҳһҹ硭
⻹ˣ
ŸŻʵ۲δϣʰȤˣ׷ĦȭƴѰա
ȻǵжŸһʼⲻСǵһ֮ƵĲС빬ˡɣ׳ࡣʵһЪǶмĵһȥɹС
ȥǱͬˡ
֣̫
ⲻǽŬ
λֻѰż֮λɱֱͲˡ
ҲԸòǰĻҲʮ㣬ᵽġѣϷԡ
ʵЦ˽˽Ůˣ׼ĳȻȫλʤòҪ֪˾λˣɶŮȤϲòŮӣǿ彡֤һֶΡ
֪ˡȥһݽ˵껰һ㹬ȥԷ
ϲЦտˡ
ʵȴݲ
ݲ趢ֱ
㸮һŮˣҪҪˣ
ػȤÿʵ۶յٸˣܻҪҪػӦǣʮˡ
ݲЦǰûע⣬ԭͷȹ𣿡
ʵ۽ͣſڵɡ
ٴɲȹڲжɫ类紵ĺ棬ƽ΢бáȹڵʱʱ֣ػ߹ȷʵÿ
ЦҲûʲôǽеģһֱСء
ݲŶһС˻ʵһۡ
ʵʲôֱʱǣ֮䲻ýô޻񲻳ɣ
ݲֱֺɣǸӣҲǾУ
ɻأ÷ɫĻ䡣ֻȤΪ̸С
ݲͷ
ʵ۾ʡ
ⱲûŮͣĴϴ֣ǳʲô磿
ôЩȥֺ÷ˣʵ۳Ц
ݲȴһ̾
͡Ǿܻ磬ȫʴ磬żˬֻ󣬺ҼβӷѾͷҪǿ̫ࡣ
ٰʵʡ
˭ݲλԹ
ʵϸϦգѾͷױ硣ףֻǵȫǲʲôʲô
ԲɵЦݶСȷʵЩδֶһĵʵ۲ǵãɲѾͷһȣǺ׷׷һֱĿ꣬Ǹصȴ鶯Ӱ˭ǣ
˰ɣһĵģݲԹĶôȥֻܶһˣϣռлᣬɷóһ
ʵˡ
᲻ŵϺͽ񣿡
޷ˣ뽫Ҳһ
˻ʵӦУɴ˻ϻӡӷͷοʼ˵ͣһ˵ʵۺݲֱüϾͷ֮ɲ˵ô硣ѵݲʵ۸ǰĺ˷ʣѵڻʵ۸ǰȻúúñ֡
רҵʵۺݲͬʱ϶˵ʲôǲסҲˡ
ʵۺͣ
ֻЦ˵Щ͡ͺ͸εͼֽȻ˸ݽݶСɣûȥһĥһͨ
ʵݲ裺
ٰһ᲻Щʵۻǵͷʱѡʵõһϻ֮¡ôҪٰЩ
̫⣬˲ģ
ݲü𣬿ʼǰٰйͨȫǲĿˮŻʵֱһߣͬ߶߶ûֱ꣬лʵЦЦ
ʵˡ
˵ˣǱͮ췴ŮȢˣԱŷҪü
߶ݲ裬ʵǵһμͬ׵ģ⡣
Ȼʵ۵ڡӡϡҪҲ̲ɲðŮƯƯЩۿ˵͵Ļڲòʹ죿
ʵ۰˼һʾ˳ȥⷿѡ׻貵ͷɰСģСȣС㻪¼󣬸ѡһ׺ʵͷ档
ݲʾܾʵȴʾֻѡ
ѡס
ʵ۹ⲻݲѡһ
ġ˼
ʵ۴һӣνף䣬Ͼһҡθһɺͷֱ͸ɣʾɸϽȥȡǰӦͼֽ
һ׼ֵǧͷϲԽȻ飬Ͻ̬ƯĻȫȡ⣬ȥռ
ٴֻʣ˾ˡ
ݲҲٴαʾʹ͡
ٰ˵Ů͸ġ
ʵĿģٰպúôǱġ죬ض˹ءٰΪలε໹ҪЩΪ棬ҲøһƳҫ
õʹͲˡ
ˣ޸ǰͱˣû˲ǣ
֪ݲסɫ
˽Ӳ˰ɣ
ί꣬˵㶫ԡ
һҪĳ£Ҫӡ
ݲͷ΢΢һ֪̾ôģ
ٰ֮£ǻм˲֪
ǸٰĴüɹ벻֪ѡ
ʵ̲סʵӵļ硣ûӾ͸޿ڡŵĳӣȻҵյĵزʵôȥ
ǳܣ
ܣΪӣ͸ýְϡʱȥӪЩҵ
ݲҲнڸ·УʵۻδظһＸʮһգɸɾ磬ûѱΪ˭˭ĵʵ۲˷İ
Ӹλҹ׾ݣҲʵίˡʵۺݲҪŪӣֻҪָһе˸ӲӦ궼ȫƣ˳ӣʵңܲúӦţ

һĿݲ費õһҫĿͷ棬ʵۻӦ£ݼҵļϲ£ͷǮϯȫɾǵ¥š
¥ھһľ¥Ļϰǻʵۣڻʵ۵˽ԻʵоԻȨ
ʱϯ浽Ů㶼òˡͮǽ˲ţӪʮҲˣϲϼϲĻ£úòٰ죡еҲһ۾ۣʱڽͱӪһξ硣
ҪƵҳĺô
ͮ·пҲˡٰɻ飬Ҳʮ̧ױ
ݲؿͷš̫ࡱ̫ء𡱡
Խʶ࣬ʵԽ̹
˲ǻˣ㻹
ʵ˼š˿̽ûĴȣȷʵǮסٰܿҪޣϸӽҲû˒Ǯ£ýݲܰ¡
ûʱڲҵɡ
ʵ۰¥İҲݲ衣
һõĳûк֮ǡ
յϢ˶˲٣Ҳˡݲԣϸһ¥ҲǱҪ
ôôҲݼҵùġҪٳ£ݼҾԲల̫ˡ
һ˼˵ҪеĻʵۣò󡭡
һ˼ݲڻʵķ˿̵Լʲô
ոյԼһϱݼˣô˿ȻͶʵá
ǣĲֹͼһۼϵƵķ۸࣬һƿ֬ö鱦Ļ䣬аƥعɴ
ʵЦռˣ۸ֻ̫׹̫޲ڣֱϸƶ˸ɸɾ֬Ҳǣϴμ󣬲ˡ
ݲһƣ֬ɢ⣬ޣζȷʵ
ɴǺöЦҪһһܵðƥҲ
ݲ⣬лл
ջķᣡ



345 ˵
ǺݲһѴСлصңֱٰ
ݲŶȣΡϡױƷͼֽȫٰǰ
Żɱ̬ˣѡΣ֬֬Ļ䡭֮ЩȫϾУ

Ūȥһָ㡣
ˣٰ׸ͷ棬ֻͷƤ顣ǰ빬գûùҷĶûУϲ
ȱػ鷳ҡʲôô
˵ʱʱոӣֻֻˣбˣֲдֲֻһСģʲôصıλ͵ˣȻģǻЩ֦չ鷳ŮȽϣһжϵ˶Էᣬǹལǰٲˡ
е
Ƿķӵʱ䣬簲ྐྵӿ֣
ǲ룬εñѼϼˡ
ȫ͡ɿּݲһߡ
Ҵˡˡ
ţõķ룬ûһͭ塣࣬Щүˣ˵еڶΣκö
ٰ̲ס˶Ϲ۵ͷ棬ϼŽķļֵ
ã
ݲͷ
Ѿͷ㱻£Ҳδػ͡кÿƨã㾦Ҫ
ºˣʵǰһᣬøʰ޵þ»ǿּ

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ٰϵćnɪֱ顣
ȷʵ棬Լɡ
ǰԼԴشׯһظĴȵ壬أһٵϵ֮һ͸ҳٻĴǰڲĴ
ݼҳ󣬵ٱҲ޼£Ҳûܱס
ԼǵģڣӦñǵһʱ䡰Ͷ˵
ԼĲ²ⲻְ
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ͻȻ֣ʵֹԼƭĴҲûܷԼҵġ¡
μλϸҲȷʵǸߣ飬һ۾˵
ѹϵֻӳԼ·ȴû֮¡
ѹֲԼ־磬ֻܽ˼ڸͮ޽Ժ֮ϡ
ѹԼȥӣԭֻ׳ȥĶ
ԼҲ׳ȥĶ
׳Ҳô֪̫Ȼˣϵ˳Ȼʼڿӣһ˳Ȼ˭ܿⱾǸ壿
һϷõ˶٣
֣
һͷ棻óԸԼ磻ʵ۲ҵԴԴȶ룻ʵ۵ĸӦУ˽еĴ󲿷ֿ֧ͮķ飻ɵİͽ᣻Ͳⷬǰʥϳ˹ϵĳյͷ磬ǧ
ϵִӣҲϵһ֡
ϵãֹЩӣ
ݼָ֮Ƿ꣬ǵӵһ㣬ȫϵָа
֮£ݲȫ̶δ¶档
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Ǽڽ棬¥ֲ֣ҲЩˣֻйоءϾżҪƱؼǮߵġ
Ȼ˳ۣٸʮҲûʲô⡣
û뵽ʾȥʱ˱˵Ը򣬻Ǯˡ
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ôˬ죿ôɣλ
ǡ
ʲôˣ
ϱġھжӣպÿǼӡޡ
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Ǿ͡
ȥۣ˵ҶµһǧһӶ١
ٰ˼һȥһۡ
İˡ
ҲȷʵǸˡ
Ҳ
һǧ֮󣬶ԷԥˣֱԱʾҪǣ͸𸴡
ǣٰЦ˼ңһǧôٷּۻ۵ĵûУԼҶ¶ˣҪ϶̸ӹ󣬻ؾǡῪھ磿
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ٰĻ˸ȴ˶סǸү
Ȼûã˼ҵĺŸһӡ
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֮μҳ˹ϵͶˡ
ٰ֮С
ҲֻμҶӻȤ
ĴȵޣҲμҵĴȵʱ֮ԻὫתٰһżԵʱεĲòƶԼ̫ӸٻϣҵǻصС
˿˵ԼҪӣȻҪϲҵȥԼμˣԱ㶵˸Ȧסı˽ȵǣΪǿ˸ĶļǮ
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Ϊ˵̬
ٰһ㶼żٰеͬʱҲԸܼʱʱг̾һ
Ҳĸʾϸɣ
ҳ̫磬ɲǵļƻ֮С
ڶһ磬λүٴţӦһǧ֮ǿ뵱ȥŰתͷ
ٰת棬˵Լпա
Ȼź󣬹ָܼ֪Բס˳һǧӲˡ
үܸɣ
˵õģȥñμ̫̫
򲻴Ӧ
ͦ壬һǧǲҪô߼̸ۣ
˸Բ˲·˹
һǿҪ
һǿ۸ߵá
ɨѸˣ˵ٵһʱ˾Ǯ۾ͱſڡ
үûӣһ˻ȥʾμ̫̫һ߾ɿֱԽԶţˡ
²ֱûҲûտƾ˭Ӳ
߶
ȺΧ˸ȦȦ֡
үӲͷƤһֱǰĥɿŭʩѹÿһǧǼ٣ǺηʥʲôɵϽֵǧӸ̧һǧ
⣬õμҵĻظǼһǾʹ˷ݼҹôˣǶ
ɲ֪˿ٰڲԶľ¥֮ѿؾơ
ٰѾȥء
Ȼ̨ӣҪϷġ
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ĵһѡ
عȥ·Ͷμҵĵ⣬ӦúԸ³һŵġ˿һȦǺʣ
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̫ӱѹǱüΣԾԲNɪǣ¸ңǻؾٰˡ
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ٰʱ䲻磬ȥõİ˻̩ȻæţҲ뷨Ӵȥšû붯ֻ̩ʣһѡˡ
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ҲûҪˮƯӡ뷨ӳ£ǽһ̫ӵ֣֮еǰ취ȥ˳ŪС
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һǧӣ
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һߣӣֻҪϽɣӣ飬˭㣿
˵ţһƱ֮۸ߵã쾭壬бµģңңû
үԷ治飬ҲֻһңټӰҳһǧģ

ɵӰɣ
иϰ徹Ȼ˳λүҼӸãûȤˣλһһңˡ

һߣٰȺ©ϢֱָӵүμͬʱȺμҲָ˳
үӸտʼҪϣ˶ӣ֮䣬ǵĽ͸޼¡
һƣζϾͲһˡ
ݼҹܼҳָүҵ˭Ҫԭμңѹһֱ£ѹһֱҼҵĴڱҽԲԣ
˻Ȼ
˭˲֪μݼң׼ұңĴȱݣݲ軹˹ײȥ£Ȼҳ޽ˡֻҲ򵥡
үû뵽ᱻҴû뵽򵥵һһ±øӡϽȺǱҲμȥˡ
үֱͦ壺
μҪӣ֮˵ӱμҲҵ˿μҪкβף
ԲסݼҲμ˵ĶĶȥǹ³嶫ӱȭλүͰոյĸһǧ



346 ʲô
һԷڴμңҪ˶׮үֻٴһ
٣ҲϵμǱ߻Űɣ
û뵽ýûȣ
үٴɿڣ
Ŵ棬ɻУҸʾû˵Ӳμˣողڿ˵Ǽ۸ߵ𣿴˿óҵļ۸ߣȴڲȣãԷڰô£ݼҵݽ棡λǲ
㡪±һ죬ΪѿǶһۡ
ҳһǧİʮͦһѡ
³ȭ
үֱĥһǧ壡¶˸²ɵı
ӱһɣûټӼۡ
ү⡣
ˣӿ?Ͻɡ
Ұٰ¶ˡˣ
үٴǿһǧӣٰϽȥٸ顣
𼱡
ٰվǰתͷΧȺڣ
λ֪ݼμҹϵȻѣһֵòô졣μҽҼԸתμҡǽ䲻ԣҲôһģԡ
ٰȭڳܳһǧģ뿶Ұæݼӡ
үЦ֮Ц
һǧ˵Цذɣֲ֣ܱģȫ·ˣ˭ôϻǧ棿õģҲӰɵӣҲμҺվ˭μѱҴ˿˭μӣŵ̫ӣ
үɳٰ࣬ôͥҪӣ涪ˣǽл𣿽氡ˣ
ܿ죬үĵɫЦʧ
ΪٰڽֻҪ˭ܽȼü֮ҽǷһ飬ص໹⻰£֤
鰡
˿ʼˡ
ݽȨæµܴӳǱŵϣ˿ٰӦУֿڿǡ顱Ȼܵ½飬뽫ϹϵҲǺõģϾݶС˵ˣǡȼü֮
úˣɻصĺô޼۵أǧʲôǲ˵
һʱ䣬С
Ⱥﾹǲ˽лٰԴȥӣһŽˡȼü֮
ٰллò˶ã¾ͽ龩˰ɣЩʱҪҲȥأ
үɫ࣬žݶ汰ɣԤУѼǳԲϡ
Ҫʩѹȴһ֮˻ȥ
ݶСþò̩ڳ֣ϳʱˡ
Ⱥһ湫Ȳ
ԭ̩¡ϰղʶλүٰĽš
ɲ̩
Ⱥٴըˡ
յ̩ͷ˲˰Ĺע
ԭ̩ҲǸιأȱ̫ӹâڸǣ۲ʶ̩
˿̩̿Ҳ䲻̫ǰºͽˣҲǿʲһ˿Ӣ⣬̩òƵƵ̧񣬴Цͷûʲôӡ
һְΪÿնϿޣǻѵõõġһ˲ţȢԸϼǧǰ;
̩ڶУЦ
ԸݶСɹѹأԥ
үֱһ
ðģ
ǻӣԼȥ
Ҳ֪μҿˣԼϷҪͲ˰ɣ
̩ڴˣٰЦʡ
·֣ݶСҪæԲԹۡ
үޡֻ
̩Ҫæٰʡ
׼ǧӡ飬ǿ޼֮
̩үֱüӡȻμôģǴμǸ˭©ġ
̩û˵꣬ˡĸһ˴Ц
ԶĽֽĴһΡ־ԣδšԵЩ̶ĳЦ׶ûֱŵŵЩԴǣ絶ӣһ
̫̫ˡӴȥ˵μѾ¶棬ʶ;ˣֻмƿܡԸϽһˡ
̩֣Ǹϵˡ
·˭ţ
̫ͷֲԤС
ȻǱ̩ʵӣμҪȥĪҪݴСްɣ
ٰпܡпҪ̫Ӹģ̩Ҫȡ𣿡ţҪ̫
仰һֱӽֱ֮λ֮
֮˶
һԶ繧Ȼȥ
ȡ
ٰЦöȻҶҪܲΪΪ˶ʧȥ˹ƽ֮߾֮쾭壡̩ΪΣ
ٰ⻰ΧԽԽζѰ
˵ģӻǡǸλӣ
үɫࡣ
زҲУҲˡ
ǱμνѾڼϻѵ̫ô죿̫Ӱܸ̩̫Щ̫ӻ᲻Ū
Ҫ⡭̩ù
ֻһ˲һ㱡
Ǳ̩Ц
ȷʵһ߾֮ɣձ㲻ˡ
̩ȺﻹûãҼϹҪ£ӱˡ
ٰǧū̩Ȼֱ壡֪ϹܼҴ㿪ʲôӣ
ײ̣̩Ĺܼһȡٷ⣡

ϷŻˤһײѺ󣬴ü̧ȡӡ
֮ﾲÿɲ
ûѡ
һԷǸٻޣ٣һĿٵҲᱻġ̫ӱˮ¹̫档ֵ̫Ӷסολʱ򣬳棬ƺغĳźš
ڶһʧ֣̫ӱضԹμ͵ɻˮʱξٻҪۻӰ֡
Բý̩ϡݲβ˭ûҲͰˣһ̩ᣬǻˣһμԵʹݲ谵̩ٳٰոǷָĻв֮μҲҶģģʲôײ̣μҵ˹ײ̣ԭ㡰̫Ӹӳ˹ײ̣һμһܳܣ̫أͲ̫ܣ
̫˿ƿͣʵСǼҪЦԹɣʱ򣬵ùĻμң
ƾٰصӺ̩ʤ׷ƣ⻰ȱ׳һ㶼Ὺײ
⼸̫̫û취
ӲͷƤҲϣ
˿ǰԼӴˮƯΪԩͷ
μҵǮϵ
̫ˣ
ɺ֪˶ԷҲòԣ
̫̫һƳĴȳ˳ȥ
㾿ôѾͷ񶾵ֵز
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Ӽۣʲô
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ɣ
Ҫ̩ҲһֱӣԣҵԽԽã¶ס̩Ȼôӣ
֤ȷ̫Ӿܰ˺úòˣ˽̰Ϊôһְ
ʧ¹˭ֻһΪ̫ɨ̩ϰ̫ǰ;ǣ̫֮λ˵Ҳܻ
ԣҧ̩ݼҹᣬֻҪֶεˣ˵ܸŪӪ˽ᵳˣݼҲõù
ƾͼƣƲȫλɹ̩ܴ죬⵽Ϊֹ͹ˡ
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ܿ죬Ŀ̩ǧ˰
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ٰڨڨ
үԵãǧ
˶ǧƱ
һ㶼ûƼǱٰ̩һ΢ɲĶӡ
̩Ӵһ



347 
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ٰһε
ҪƱ㣿
ٰͷǡҶүҪˣȻҪƽ
Ǳ˳
ɶүɫһ˵ɶ͸䡣
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˼½̩ȥȻʵ䷴ˣ
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ͷμ˿ɶ̩ҪܲүǮϷѰɣģԿɰųһѡ˵ˣүǮܲûк֮ǣ˵ܽԵ
⣬е̺Ǯׯ˵ԸǮ̩̩һ֮ӡ˼򵥣ôûһƹ㣬պÿԲ⡭
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һƷ¹ڼζ˱ǣѵõθڴ󿪣һ¹ܿͼ˵ס
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ٰ
ڣߣԶ֮
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ڿвϷڳҺܲص˺ߡ
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348 ·Ļ
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ٰеĿʱЩҭˡ
ݵ϶ٰڻظʱˣҪʳ
ηǿԼڳ壬ݵǲһҧ˵Ķӿв
ģһע˵ٳԷ΢Ц񣬲ͱ¨ӱָ߹󡣡֪ܲϵ˼˵׻ΪǳϹġ
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һۺСŪ򶯣ھˡӡĳƺ
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ٰһ꣡һͷˮ©ĺꡣ˵䣬ָͲһʡ
ġҽˣ֤úýݵ⡣ٰһ۵ĹˣѾǰֻ˿ŵôһ䣬ȡһ͵ǰ
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ýǴ𣿿ϧŮŮѪͳУٻҲı䲻ɽĵӣ˽ĵΡ

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349 ҡ³
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ʩֱϣӦò
дʦԣȷʵ
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ٰΡϺУôÿζһ˵˰ɡʶԶЩ
Ҳã˴˶ӡ˵в㡣ɫġ
⻰˵ģʲô˰㡣
Сκκ棬ƶɮ˵
ٰЦʦĪְɣ
ֻҪʩ⣬ƶɮȻԸ⡣
ٰδӦֱӸˡ
֪Լɲ䵽ʩ˺ܺãһ١
ٰŲһУ
ʩѪ֣֮ƶɮãбҪʩһԡ
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˵˺ܺ𣿡ͷЦ
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ԣİ֣ǰ̣Ե¾һԣһ⡣һԲΪģֻΪܺҲġѪֻܱ֮ܡ
ȻôãܻΪİɣȻ棬ٰǾźУԼ
ӦоաϺۺ󣬵صƣǷҡֱʱһ֮û˽ǡ
ǾˡԻСġлʦָ㡣
ٰһ񣬸Ͻ뿪
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ô죿ȥϼ㣿
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޵ɿžĿٰѸٽƴ׵Ժ
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ʥ͵ͷɸۣ֬ɺ󣬼Ϲ۵Ч
ȻٰѾˣǿҾܾɸʯ챦ʯͷ١
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⣬ڡ̩˵˻Ǳٰ޵ˡ
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һ۲죬λеסͣͷɲã
ٿԶһ㡭
㣡
ϵĿ˵治٣
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350 ޵ķ
ܲҧгݣ
òƴֻԻȤ˾ȻͬϣһֻԡҵȤ̩Ҳƺתԣ˼ͬʱٰӭȥ
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ţƾӦҲдѵԸȱɣ
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У
ɱ
ɱ
ôֻܴΨһĴȱˣ
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ǰ˶˵СһԣҿǵղȷʵᣡԭݶС޹ˣҡֱһģһҶվһǷĿŮ
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˱ôһȻҲ̲סء
û˵ò̫ãۺʱĿĴڡһŵ̫ҲԸվһÿÿֳܿɫòԲλࡣŮҲòġ
Ժܶ˶ãӦǡŮòĴ䡣
յС侪ޣƺһû·硣
ôһȷʵܴ
˵ĲҲС·Ϲ⣬顣ۣ߹Ρͬһɫϵˣĺг
ٰԺǺǡ˿̵ȻǳǼϸ͸¶װŽб
ϲΧۣҲΪĿĸоû̫ʶڳΪƿʡºܶࡣֻô˾棬С˵һۡ
Ȼ뵽˹ȥһԡĴԣʵ۵ĴͻͳݼҹֽõĹϵ˲ɰ˼⣬ڻûģѵ˻бͻĿܣ
ٰڵһۣںܶмֵζ
ڵĻӦ˭磬һƬ֡

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Ҳ˿Ծ̫ңԼ֪Ѷȥ
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ҦϴȱʾϲٰҲ֪ɷΪλɷҲкøС֮⣬Ҫ
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ٰ
϶ǣ
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죡г棡æģӡ
˸ĻӾȻ³浽ֵز˶ڱЦѹǻܳģûð
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351 лǲ
ͷϷϡ
ڼ䣬ض
ʵΨһ겻һģصˡ
̫Ӳʹ졣ϵϣȥٻʮ꣬ô죿ٵȶʮꣿԼλ᲻Ѿˣ

ϣʵ֮󣬱һһȵ
ڽսҪ͵Ӳ죬ʱ佫ӳ
ĹڲٵطкԷæʵ̫󶼲빬ʵ۴̫úɢġ
ɽ;Χԣκ򡭡ϸ졣
ййԺϣ¾㱸
ӭһһһڰϵĻСʱڸ
ʵֵ˼λ̺̫ĺȻûлʺ
ڻᶨеѡԣʵֱԻӭ򼼲Ĺӱ롣Ů棬ҲѡЩˣ̫һ
ٰһۣԴӶԷ￴Ȼ
̫֣ȻҪɽ;棬ǲĻǿ϶ҪеġȻû֣Ҳеǰ취Լȥ
أȤ㹻ܶ˰ɣ
磺ʰǸ
ǰշҲٰΪԼԭٰţûкʻ֣ȻһգǼʲôֲ߻
ţ˳֣λĻҲٰʾƣ겻ĳ̧̧°͡
һ
գƼƺǹƷ˵ˡȵãԴٰ¶˵Ʒ·һ޺ƿǹƷҲԽԽԽġ
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ȻǶϴʸϦ˰Ʋʱ䣬ͼܲŹû᣿
ιƷܽǱȷ֤ʵǵĻɡ˵ܽĴץ
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ʦٰ֣Цһ
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ٰٺһЦ˱ơҪ˵ϱ֦ƱǺúȡ𣡡˲ˡ
⻰ŵ㣡ȡЦ⻰ҪǽҪӵҥˡ
֮ʱضٰ֮⾹Ǳᵽ̨棬һ´ˡӶЦЦ˿мĿбֻԼŴǰƵڸ˻ȥ
ֻԹҲܸܲʱʱϡȻĽ͵񣬴󲿷ֵ߶ô⣬˼ʡ񡢱ġֲʡ
䲻˿ɾúֻܲʱÿ㣬ٿ㡣ޱԸһ볤Զ
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㵹Ҳõġ˲㡣˼ˡʾڻ֮˹Ƶڡô˵ôֻҪôһиģǱӡ
иٰЩƸۡ
ܲиҲȷɣƷݺ͹ȥ̫ӣҲС㣬ӦǷġϲԹߵжϡ˵ͺܺãļҲǻҲģΪɫĶաУĿȾڸϣӦòɡ
ٰ֣ǶԵġԵŮӵĵڶͶ̥ż˵Ҳʵģ粻ޡ
ƾٰһԼ˵۹ҲŹˡһӣ˭˳ۣ˭Ǹӣһȫ⡭
ֺٰ˼ѡ
ۿ룬ܿɻ֮ʱˡ
ʱҪ⣬ҪӦЩˡ
ǰ԰˿һʱҪ
ҺȶˡٰȥҿԺϢҪ˯һѴǹҸ֪һµĻҶš
ȥȥɣЦˡûٰôˡ޵Ļа¶ʱĲ
ٰŵһ̻죬±˶֮̾ʱľ˾硣
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㣬ûһ˷֣ôϯ
˿רµĿ͵첽ȥֱǰͻһǽղסײȥ
ʶ˫ǰſվȡȴһʵϡ

ǸðʧǸصҸ𣿡Ц
ϴϦ껺ξº󣬻ʵ۲ȻŭзҲӽˡ
ιıֱϴζʵҪӣȻκ©
ολмصˡԣչķݵ԰š
ڼ˽ѲأԿ˵ǵˮ©
ĿǰΪֹ֮һӶδ
Դ˿ôö֮ҵסģڣ˭
Ҫʲô
ٰ̧ۿ̲סһ
̫ҿˡڳȣľս
ܷǲǣؼҡûĨǡ

ġ
δɢ˲á
㡣
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УԽձδ빬˿̵µһڸе͵ؼҡ
˷ʱ䣬ӵļһ𡣶𣿡ٴչ¶ƵƵЦңҺȲҲסˡ
ᵽϵľζպ˺֣ܶ˵ػ
˿̲ߣȻһ鷳߰ɣߣŮҳȥ
ʵ˵ٰȲҪˣ
ǰʹ˿ӾᷳҲһ񡣵Ȼ޵ģֱƳӵĸо
ġûк֮ǣҼȻվǰˣͲ֪һᰲ׵УǹйŮ
ٰ˿͵ѣ˿
ƫҪЩ๷˦ˣ
ٳٰ٣βϴһŨױȫһŮĴ磬ԹԸڵ
һж˳
˹ţֻ
죡ԭôɣ̲ס˸
ܿ죬νǹйŮ͡׵֮⡣
ڽ˰ݵԼߡ
˸ۣû˵ˣȻǹйŮ
˵ٰҪؼңϽȥݲ衣
һݲΪ˲ٰٳӣѹͲٲģԶͻǶš
ǹ˻ؼң˰ݲвԸҲָ
һڴƸţԼҹ˵ϻ
ٰ˾ƣȻܣϽ߳ȫ
泩ˬűը̻ӳĲҲӳ
ǲһ
ôһſиȵݣŲǱ̤ż׵ˮ׼
ٰ̾ţԼǰÿ˰ɣ˵￡ٱҲ֪ղǰûۼలҲ֪ûлһ档
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ٰԴһ
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ϿԼ϶׬ˣ
´ӡ
һſգ˸ȳǿ׳ҪӦò廨ͷҲȴﵽⶼ͸ʯǿɣ
ڳͷ˾УǲС
ڱúòڡ
һ࿴ϢΡѹûջߡ
졣
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352 õ
ٰЩˣû
еͷҪ֦ģ̫úˡ
˶٣
ɡ
һߡһ뵽ǸЦݲõӡ
ʲô¶𵥿¶αװĢ޶ˣ˳ͳЦûģƺúȲϹȺŪ㣡
һĵҪõһо޼ɵΪ˶ңͰѵ׶͸㣿ΪʲôҸ̾ƣ׸ɾûлͷ
֪ԹԼ̾Ʋúƫʲô֦ƣ㻹ϻưģ
ٰȴһԴ
ˡƺҵжǰɫģԭһа𣿡
룬ףǡ
㿴̾ƣСף׺ƤǴ׵ġа׻ӡ
֪ͺáǶҵһƬģɼ֮ϾʵδΪ֮ɺϣԵ𣿹
ٰͷϲ׵ġӡ
Ҳܰס
š

ڶһۡǣȷʵˡ
Ѿˡ
Σû
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ҪǶһڣЩ
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ؼλүһûУȻ˵Ӧˡ
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Ժô٣
У̫ˣ
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˼⣬ЩȫǺ¡СռȥԼÿȥȥ˵ˡ
ţ磬˵

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ҪԺȣǶͲֻƷζڸ⴮⽡źձը⡢¿Ƥ֡߸⡢ʶ
ſֻ֣ǴӦʱרŴȥݳ
ΧҲǰˣұӦ
ܸˡ
ҲܸмԸ衭
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֪ƶٰİֺܸȤѲֹһΪˡƲǶ֮ˣֻ˵ٰ档
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ԭڻƾĳЩȨŻڵ·ԣһʵڲ񣬶ٷٰٻгɷ֮ǱȨ֮˵
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ǷԼʲô
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û֣ڱһԵһ͡
û⣿
ˡҾܾˡ
Χ֮ǰ㲻Ҫšúôڼҡɫ

Сʻ괬ۡţ
ֻԼ
ҾͺáһỤ㣡һ䱣֤
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353 ˫ı
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ٰ˺졣
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ҵ˼㵹֪ȨȴûֹҡңΪΣ˸ᣬ˽
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ʵҲʧֱҡͷ
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ϴûܺ͸ޱȥºκŮԼľۻҲδУգֲź˰ɣ



355 ̬
ٰϸ룬ǰȥΧ
ǰ껵ǻ֮ǰҲֻʵϲΧԶͬǰ껵ǻ󣬾һζûȥ
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һֱãգӶûһۡ
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356 Ҿ
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ұһطȻû㿪ģɻجج㶼֪ԼҪʲôҲ֮ұ֪ҲҪӣҲҪʲôˡҪڡɼȻѾˣﻹҪżˣ
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Ҹ㽨ֻҪϲǰԺԺҸһɽͤ

ҸûֻҪԸ⣬ҹסڸͤû˹ܡȻܣ
㸮и·ߡӣʱ̱ӣ¡
ֻҪӦҸ֮ǰұ֤߰γ
˵ɡ
ΪΣ
оȱʲô
ʲô
Ǹɡ
ȱ飿ڸˡһصúãŷֻ»˼취Ѱ
ˣġ

˿νڣҲֻضΧڡֻ֪Ҫ̫ӻڣμһڣһڣͲܻþԵڣͱҪ˼ȥȥ
֣лø졣ôСţһȥȡЩ
ٰ˵
ϦܻʱĺܼᶨԼȴΪԽԽɻԽԽҡ
ÿÿ˵ᱻǣߡ
ҲֹΧҲƺһ
ȫûˣ
ûϢ
ϲ㣡䲻˵һ䡣ġ
̡
ߺ̡

ٰûҶ
δţͷз
ֶˡ
ܿƣ
Ҳϲң
ˡ
㿴ӡͷ档ͷǱŪҵģҲзɾ
㴽зƣнĩϳз֭Ǵ֭ûһָͷǸɾġǰȫзǣűҲˡ⣬½Ҳɾȥ
㣬ǰͮԵô𣿡
ȻᡣҪӵġ
ǰģأ
Ҳᣬᱻӵġ
أ
ٰ㷢Ҫڣ϶ȻӴ˽ֹз
Ϊβһţ

㲻ҪΪҸǰôڣΪôɣŴ֪Ҹǰɣκˣ׽ˣǳǣ㶼ҪڣʵҾڡ
ǰɣǵġ
죿
̰͵Աץĺӡ
ˣܽţֶ
Ϊ͸жϣ֪Ҳ㣬㣬֪ҸǰԷαװСġ

Ҹʱ䡣ú롣˵žˡŮ̫̣ȥҪʲôʱܱ϶ӣ
Ǳ׼ˡ



357 Σ
ڵ־֮ǰԼ²޶
һ㶼ɻ飬Ϊһָۡ
ӣºӻᱻơ
ôˡʼţץʱãͻలŲſԸе޷ˣ޺֮ȥܶ
һ˽뷨ȴʵʵġ
ֻʵۻӲʣ־ƻƽȣֻʵҪ治ðű۵ķӶ£Ͻ£ºӣͻలѪôӡ£¶С½ֶలز̫ǯƣ̫ܳ͢ƣٻһѵĵ
ֻҪలñôݼҸҺҲһ·
浽գƴһѣȫӦû⡣
ȻĴ㡭
ʵ䲻Ը£ӶѳɣȷѪ겻̫Զˡ
ԣİʱҲ̫ˡӿȡ
㿼ǵʱ䲻̫ɵøϽˡ
ʱޣͻ˰ɣٰ⻰ѿڶɻһͺˡ⻰塣
ʱޣʽ֣̽
ʱޣҾͲԸԸˡԸԸȫҶԸʱʥּ֮ĸ֮ý֮ԣɲ㷴ԣһ䣬ϴʥϸǰܻ飬ΪջҪָ飬Գûڡ´پܣӰľͲǻϵ飬ıͶԸҵ̬ˡԼá
˫ָһһֻзű㱻ѿӽٰ׵зǣǼһΣγεзƱ䵽ĵ
ʱǿľͷʯͷֱȿ˵Ȱ㣬˷ʱˡ
ƿš
ѾܾˣƹĴ׵Ѿ˽ֻззơ
Ͷ̥ˡ
ʲô
ȥ״ʦ

Ķ˵
ܰľȻҾ͸ˡ
롣
Ҳ˵ˡз
˵ϴ𣿡
ûСˣȷĻҾͲˡֻ׵Ҳзƺзࡣ
ٰһߣϹӣ
ֻзô񫣿
ףٰǰͮǷݸһȥȡֻзơ
Ƴźţһûһ˵
зǽݸߡ
˵ͻȻҼʲôģٰʣܲзˡ
¸˵һʰţݸͼֽΧʱĲʲôġУջΧԣƥ︺Եúȹͨ¡
ΪҪԣٰ˾
ɵӣԶ佫йüˡλ٣ΪȫܵһʺϴԣҲ࣬ȴ͵ķΧȥҲ߸Ҫǲ鿴Ұ״̬һ߽Χ·ʲôġ
ε޶𣿡
ҪǻǱҰ¹ҰҲ١ôèգΧɣ
롣ֿٰ
ػһ
ǰûģȻ볢һ顣ԣһ̫佫֮Χ¹ȻʵĽսһʱΪѻٰĿ¶ĽýĽ
ֻɣںԥһˮ΢ǿԵġ
ȥˣŲҪű˽ɽΧԣԼһŮһɵƽл
ɽԽ룬ҪޣӻܴȥϺȡ

ɥ̲סȤ
Ȼһ취
˵
Ӧ´ͻ飬δֹһҸ㣬㣬ְֽ
ˣ
ڹЦ
԰¶򵥡ǳҲһʸμΧԡҲǵҪ뵽Χ֮УҪԵġ
Ͼ˭ҲԸƿɽӰԽȣ״ΣΧԣŶжҲǸսԺܶ˵Ծһűԣһʵս˶ָһսҪѸأ
ٰԡֺ۾һڵ
Թػʤܲμԣ
𼤶ҿ㣬ǵԣҪԽϣҪУ
ٴȥ
̫ɥʱרŸЩ˻һƬΧ򣬷ЩҰҰѼҰСʲôģǿԻץ
֪ƲǰһƬġҪץҰ򣬿ٻãֻֻССɢƬط˵ޣֻûУɵӵġ
Ц֣˿̵ֻ˵èЩɥȴе˳ͷˡ
ֱٰһѴ򿪡
м죬ҵٰվͿʼС֣һһˣҲܺܿվϡôģҲ뵽Χֻץӱ̫ɵˣ
ҪüʦͽУҪҪ㣿ҽ̣ҵٵ¡
Ůʦ
ˮƽС
е֡
ȥԣŻء
أ
Լһܲԣܽ㣿̣ȻпաҪѧʺϽ㡣
һָڿˡֵ˳ңӽĻᡣ
ҪҪɣ
ʱ䣿
竣Цκⶼ֤ͨڿգйâĲְ
֪Ƽס
˵ãտʼڻһʱָٰδ飬ΪͷҲûֹ廨ŵķ
Χʱҵʲô
ΧлҺԱİȫԼΧΧİȫ
ˣΧⲿҵڲͷߣӦûܰȫɣ
ڶ࿴һۣϿˡΧԽ׶Σ㻹ǲҪģúôȺдġҽ㣬Χ࣬㻹ǲҪš
ڵνѪ֣֮ҲšΪһСģᱻСˣһǿԸıġ
ȥˡȴôһ䡣
ʲôʱΪΣ
ҿ񡣡
ٰһ֮⡣νҲ񡣵ȴδţ㲻㣿Ƿ˵Ǽ٣δԣ
ûҡ
ȻƲǶ˭ôأΪݣ
Ҳᡣҵ͵ǰδ¶ݡڿЦ
ʱΪԷҪĳϷ񡣿գȴֻһɳ֡
ɳת棬˵ԡԵʣ˵޹أ⡣㱻ˡ⼸ȥһΡңұֻΧˡ
ҲȥΧ
ȥ͢ô𣿻ȥˮ֣ǷҪ
ٰ΢΢Ʋ졣
ôǼգ̧ͷͷƶƺԽԽȤš
ԤеȤҪˡ
䶼Ҫˡڼʱᣬ߶߶ż빬һˣһ߶߶ΪյΧԿԺú÷ɣʹ֣뵽Ǻлֵ׷߶߶Ҫ֣Ͳһ̾
û뵽ǣȴҲʼ߶߶
ȥΧЩѡΧһطɽŵ㡣Ҫǵ׼һɫһǳɫѡѥûУ⼸øϽȥһ˫װµУҲȥ׼װɡ鷳⣬б޻Ʒֻܶ
ﲻȹһµҲһʱͻ㵲ϴѾͱˣ̫ҡҲǣǵ͵Щʡϲġɽˮǵ׼ʵЩϵ£ǷˮġЬƯһҪűԼ
֪ˡﻹ߶˰ɣϽҵ˵ȥ
ʧЦΧԣ⣬̫ƽͲҲ׼Ǿ䡰Ѫ̻̲֮֡
һΣһЩ˻ȥ
⼸գյ˲Ϣ֪껶ĵԴˡԷӦúܿҪǽ¶צˡ
óһӣƵٰǰ
Ǹ껨ͣÿ仨ɫ̫һ˵ϺÿҲ㾫£йоص֡
¶Ǹõģǿġ仨궼ܴ򿪡ɫصɫŶҩɫζʱھҪɫɫŵĶɺҩ˶㲻ŵǡ仨ǿյģҪŵʲôԼŰ졣Ҫ
ڽʹһֻԭյĻﲿֶʱ⬱̣˲
ʱҪСˡ⻨ﲿֵĴͷȫҩ뼡Ϣоʹ֮ľ˿ڻԳɫ㻣˵Ƕҩ
ʮʮϢһʱʱ䲻ܳҪǸ鷳в˻֮áҴϣȽϳ䲻⡣˭һ£ˡǿԵġ
õģҪܴһԲˡʱ䲻ֻҵǿţԺٸŪõġϤ¡
ٰ
յֽͮͨȵĿڣģһΣտԼʱȡ˵ջϰһ顭
ΧжΣգ
ȻΣգΪûһֹǰ
ܾãЩԼ
Ҳ뿪ġ
ʱٰ׷˳ȥһֻ¨
װ˰ֻз
ǣôûĲͳֻз
ͱˣ
Цɵӣɽ¨ȴ軵شָĦ
ͷһ飬ȴѷ


358 ˵һ
ļգٰʼ˷ܷѧģʽ
䣬
ŵȲǰ
ȳţ֮ŲһŲɹͶΧƷݲų˰Ͳӣϵ
ٰԹЩ֣Ƶˮ׼
ٰò׼⣬ǶơѪ⡱֮˵ƫˣҪ?ÿسŶһˣʵ̫ҡˡ
ʱ֣ڻٰ糾ͣüƣ²ΪŸ·ģֻŬϺȥѧóԷ
Чͳˡ
һʼϸͷѣ˿ֻһһԾƯطò˵Ӳȫڵó̶ȵ̬
⣬ƮݣɣˮСҪҪ¶Ƿڴݺ⡣ԭ
ϾСòÿʲôҪ
ΪǿϾͲСƣ湦ȴ˴ˮ׼һ㣬ɹһ롣
ٰ룬ҲԡҲܻˣƯˣ˭֪㴭û
Щ׼ͷҲ浹ѧɡ
˵ѵԽϺн
ھָˣҪÿ츳Ҫ죬ûһ͡
֪գÿչˣ˵óһٰ˵ֿʼӦ꣬ȵŻؼҡƵƵüйŹ֡
ΧԳա
ξˡ
ϴһǴμġ
ʣٻĻ°ŵôˣ
ٰ´ϴβºݻ˵ξˣ
˭ǳأξЦһһӡԭĴµģԸøֻΪ㡣
ٰЦμҲֻξ̫淵ܽݼŵģĪ
ȻǵӣҾǾãÿһΣ۸һΡǿĴȵѻҶˡ
֪ҵܵ빬ˡμң˭ҲҸܣֱֱͦġǰҵһûؼңһԳҵûڣ˸ͷ鷿źīĺӸˡ
ҵؼҺȻ֪ǹɫȥ̫̫˵в˵Ҫ̫̫ߵĴѾҪȥź涼û¶ҵͱ̫̫ˡ
Ǻǣô̫̫꣬ͷһȫվʵʡҵ̫̫㣬ʮûţÿ˯ˡҺߣֺ̫̫˵ˣʲôʱˣʲôʱŻĽ㡭
ξһ
нգմĹ⣬ҼĺأҲһξҲû֣μѹ˲ٶٰκϻξһöů͸ٰ˵⡣
˵˼䣬ٰ©һ£¶ʮһ죬ȻոպðʮٻǾ³һ̫ӸҲǴΧڶգҪŮ
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ѹǰյһٻ£ֻŷʮڴˣȴмһҪȥա
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Լ벻ʱͻɻʵרŴ֮ˣʧ̫ɲҲǴء
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ѹξô֣ͷٻųֻξ֮һϲˡ
ʱƺˣξЦһٻһĴʱ̡
ԣ㲻ȥ˰ɣ
Ȼҵøɷͱ׼أ
˳Ȩ
ţĵȥұԹ
ж𣿡
ξһ죺Ųһ£ô죡ս»ûգ쵻棬ֻϸһꡣ
ۣ
ЦʲôҲһա
ҲŲôżһû湻أɻ飬Ҳٵӣôڣ̥ʮ£¡粻ܴƲܺȣóŻƣҲ䡭ķ绨ѩ죿
ǰĪðŹѤõ˵ҾڡƺͦŴӣȾƣԼֻڵǰ
ʲô߰㣡ٰϽԴɢЩ
ڳ֮ǰڵʸûС
˸־ҲǺõġξԼٰҲϿɵġҾһˣԲȥΧԡҲ˼СΪϡҲǲǣ̫ӲڣཫȨץϲ
˵Ķԣ
ξܽԺ򣺡
޲֣ԹԳԺȡҧţƽȳޡ
ξЩţȥһܽԺ
ٰû˵ξδ̼Χ֮¸֪˼ȡӢ֪²̨ëķ˲缦ٻֻǵʹԴۣӦأᶼûһš
̣֮ǰѹסų嶯ȣ˿̵ٻˡ
ξ㬶ء
ҧ˵Ĺ͡Сĵ㣬ȥˣһжߣ˺Ƥ϶һծ֮ˡٰһ䡣
ξ޺ޡȥԻһԭ򣬱ǳ껲ڵգΪٻ׼ЩֶΡò׵ĵλܵñסˡ
ٰξֱ
ȥĴȣʲôûٻĻ׼Ҳ׼ˡ
ۣ˵ȥɣ㲻¶ݼҵ棿㲻μҽ»
ֻҪĴȱݣǶݼ档֮Ůޣ𣿡
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ҵԭʧ͸ٻ˿̶ҲǷ̬ȡҲûٻûԼݼˡҲ۲Ϊ˼
ңҼȷʵûʱ䡣ӱأͲˡҺҵҪȥΧԣܲ¡˶еģ£³ײ£ֻˡ
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檣ҲһСε£˻֮⡣
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ξҪЦˡ
ɣһȥ˵ҿĺòײ˵ҷӢ˳ҲȥһܣȻٶһ񡣡
ţ
ˡˡ
лš
Ĵȣ޺ͻţݼҶֻڼ硣
ǻʵ۳ӣҲֻڼ硣
ⱲӵԼͷٻջܷǸλãҲΪĳ衣
УЩһ
ξôȥˡһʱ˻˵̫̫Ĵȵһη˷ִ
ĴȾãֻҪܻصߣӶٵܣԸӦٰҪ
̫̫ݼҼȻǼŮͲжΣ빬ҲҪݼҽð¶ˣٻμҶû档ӢӻμҲԲ˳˽ͺͽһЦȶԼ滹ϺȣûҪ֮
˫סˡ
Ĵȹؿͷֱ˹ȥˣ˵˼أ˳úýӾͿˡ
գ̫̫ٻϣЭˡ
˵ãμҽٻµ飬ݼСĴӲãﱸ㣬ֻܽת׾졣
Ȼ±ͳֺãƵˣμ棬ĴȲϷֲܸߣܳСĹ˼ξ档
ĴޣŮ˴ίȻϣ¾ƾκڰһʩѹʹüλŒķ˶˽վӡ
һʱ䣬μԹĴﰵﱻ䣬˼ӣôҲãһдʱ䶼ڴš
һߣƸٰš
ƷΧԶǰһգֱ
Χ£Щ粻ֲܿûٹϵԱֻǰҲֻΪǸ蹦̵£Щôʺþһ޻ȨϲӢ䣬һӢ۱˲żüõ̫ƽʢ
ƷȻ貣ȴ̫ǳ
ϴһԭ̽ͻȻͲˣֶϵΪǷ̶ѧʿñΧԵĺӵܶɾ
֮󣬹Ʒӱˡ
˿̶ѧʿĳһ丸ռҽڹռӵܡ
ԹƷ̫ӵˣ
ٰûôɺϣȥϵ



359 Χһ
ٰϵõ˽չڹƷж
ƷôҲ֪ʵһֱ˰жš
֪ʮƷҺű죬ȥһš
ڴһȦ󣬻ص̶ѧʿܼҡ
ϵڶѧʿźֵġԡƷӱ͵͵ϵģֻǿˡ
ˡ
ƷãǸˣûпɽúԺ֣ƷѧʿԣٰĵģƷп̫ӰаԺˡ
һֱӽңӽ˾˵ԭ򡣶ӽƣΪ̫ӲԸֻ֧֣ҪɳƣùƷǵСҲһ
֮ڰǵƷ̫Ӱٰûİˡ
˭ֲ֪ʱᱬߣ
ʮ죬Χ֮ڵ
һƺƵĶڽ³˾ǡ
Χھ⡣
ֻһʱһ·ͣͣ˿ʱ
ΧйͱԺԴ
ԱסйٰǣסйԺ
ʵʱϤһסأ֮йлӭ硣
Ժֳ֣Ů
Ů٣סԿһԺ䡣
סһ
ٰƫҪһסջˣ밴סȥйֻٰôӦȸӣʾ̫Ӧ
ˣٰʱһһԺԺӸ˼ʮ֮ࡣ
Ȼһ㣬ٰ⡣̫ˣһһԺϰ߸ڡ
ʰһº󣬼˱ԼĴ߹䡣
ȥշ䡣
շסԶЩΪӻûָԺռҽסһ𷽱Ӧ
װҶԣ˯ãʱʱ˶һȦͷٰ˿ͺˣ½˿ߣʹһ£նһ̡Ȼ֬ǿԸסģûС
صĻһûЪһ첻ҵģָܸԸ
̫ӴӦ˵գһǸĴͻ顣
һ¶ṳ̂ŵǸ߶ȵ˷֮С
ЦòãȴǸˡûٴȤ˵Ҫſ࿴һԵġ
յгѴˡ
գҪͻӭ硣ղгɢԽտɾԺȡ
գҪǲιˬһСգ󣬻ѡĶʮˣӽĥϡг̼Կ⣬ҲǳƼ˷ܺڴġ
󣬱ǰ
սԣѡԲΧ֮ˡֻҪˮƽޡ
͵գΧա
ʱŮǼȿԲСΧĲԣȤҲԲɽͻӡ
һգдɻʱлؾ
гһ˷Сԣһ˼
Զ˾ǵɽˮﻨ㣬ģ˶ĿڹһǰйеһɺгЦ
Ͼ˭ûйԹйķ
ţٰ
ٰΪʵΣ˷ǵ꣬ûϣԼˡҧгҪμԣӱͬԸٰͷȸԾҲǸ߸߹
˾лȣҪúһ뵽ٰڵĹϵվƥ
ٰܾ־ó˵úܶԡһӦΧ͵ΣӱļʲŸ
һֻٰЦĵѾͷԼûְɣȽڻΪһ̸ʱضըëһޣ˿̵еԥ䣬ʱʱͣǰļʧ
Ʊܿȥٰ׼ʱƷ֮¡
ý㣬²ѡʱԣٰãǻ䣬նнӴֻ֮迴ʱʣʱܳ֡ԥǣֵ
Ѿٰ֪Ĵ㡣
ܼ򵥡
ó
ǻڸǰƷ볤ųȥҽֽ֮ͻؼңȻԳܸȤ
ǿȴؿڹƷ볤ǰ;ûдٽϺȡ
ȱٹ̵İĵĳƣʳ֮ζ֮ϧļߡ
ԹƷԳ¶ǹȤͺܱҪϸƷˡ
˿̼֪Ʒ֮ˣ¾ͽ͵ͨˡ
һֱڱм̫˵ܿƳలأֻǴలڲһܽΪγȳƸмֵ
ԣٰóȥһˡ
ǰΧ·ʱż˹Ʒ
ƷǵһȸԾϴˣּõæС͵Χע㡣
ϸᡣ
ЦʾΧúøлϴι͵
Ʒǫ飬ȴδܾ
˰ĸԱ¶һøС
һߣٰƹŴȤᵽƷжϳƺĽչɳȴٰ˱ܣֻ֪¡˵кøУֽûƣ±˼Ʒ桭ѾͷȻһ㲻ùƷ⡣
ҲãԾ͵ȵΧóȥżƷʱóյƷ˵׵ģóײƱ´󼪡
˹Ʒ㲻֡һĿҴƺͳ߽ʧҲûˡ̫Ӽ㲻ʰҲȫ
ϲĳƣҲóƲṇ̃ԺæҴƷ
йĲֱȱԺǰ壬һƶƫȻûйĿ
绷̹
ûд̨ӣȴС۴Ҷ֮ĸŮ·
ʵ̫Ӻߡ
̫ɫãһΪϯ˻ʵ۵֣֡ɴǰһʵֵģ̫ӣϯڻʵۣ
ǰ˳ʾɡ
˳ֻԣǻϵ˼ġǵճӣûд
껺޺ޣȴҲ
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һ˼ǰޡ
ҪΪϰԼ֣ȴʮλ˸ͷǰŻضţ
һ׮һʹ¡
ֱʵˣ
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ԭǰΧ·ϣ̫ӽĿĺܼ򵥣طշ䡣
ʵճʱѾƼշˣƤǣݵ࣬ͷһỊ̇òȻ޴档ƻһҪģ֮ԭɰշˡѾɻ̫Ӹǰ¶
̫һҧгв;棬ˡ
ȷ̫Ӧµһ潻شӦŻʵ۸ˣΧͻ¡
֪ʵԴ
˵ǶϷǷӣ˵ҲøǻӣԳУǣѡǣӦǣǰһ޸ϽͻҲǣ˿뷴ڣǻŻ𣿡ʵۺ
ּվͻð£ú׼£ȥǰ޸ĽѵǰɣôȥⱲӶˣ޾仰ˣԼǶ˵ġ
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껼֪Լλסġ
Щӣûʲô£еĶȫһ䵽ԼͷϡеֵܶãֻһʧȥԹҲһһ̳ǺԹءԽ̲ȥˡ
һߣշҲյռϢ˵ǵ޷Լͻʥּ´ɵס
ºãװӵĻᶼûˡ
һ취ٰ֡
±ٽƿٰһ˿ڴӻУıӣһ㷽ûСֻٰܿ
ٰ˿ԶأֿԶĹƷ
ǵÿ졣ѡղײգͽհɣ˵ղ𣬽Ծʱлᡣйأˣ粢һ˰ɣʡ˷ʱ仹֣
˳߱˵Ӻ͹Ʒ
ôһ
һԴ
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죬Ȼû˵ڣ˫ȴЩɵĺ
뵽Ǹ˼ӳðװۣһ˲ţᡣλһΪɫ֪Ƿ⣬պ˵ƣչļɫ⡭
ᡭ᲻̫
ֲģֻǶѾܱˡ
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⣬ٰҪһ̫˦
ǣˣܲˣ
Ҳűٰһ
˵˵Ǻϼ¡
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360 ƻ
žٰеڡ
ķʽܼ򵥣׾Ͳ׽ߡһ󣬱ȥһߵš
ȻֻʮϢˣһºЦ⡣
æ
ֱ˵ǡ
ٰȥæգΧߴһƣ˾ȼ֣ŵһһһһ
¶˵Сһ
׼˻ʵ۾ƣף̫ƽʢӢʣл˻ʶƵ˳ʵƵƵٱ±ԵøŻʵһȡ
ʵۻؾ֣һСģʵֶǸȡ
Χ֮еͳǽʮ
ֵڶһޣ˻ʵҲӦޡ
һʱ䣬Ǹٱ
Ͻһһؾ
ڽĵλֱάƺԽ֣аԽɫ
ո¶ͷǵβһ̣Ϊ˺úñ֣һھ߾
ϵƽƽ̫ӵˣҲȰ
һ壬竱뿪ʼȰơ
ΧĻʵڲ٣ȫбϲõĻ⣬ټϻǰеĽʹڱｻƵ
ʵҲöӺͳǺúñ֣ʤĶǸ֧ԶͷˡβԻʤ߶õ޴ͽϣ˶ȫԸúñ֡
⻰һǸһ
ʵֵڻӶǴСѧ䣬пɣԲòúúչַɣĿԴúÿӵ
ӵʵ̬ȡ⻰Щˡ
껶һôѡӰ֮⡣
֪ʵһ䣺̫ӺͰ˻Ӹӡ
ԸĿڱơ
ϰˣҪ̧Լƽƽˣ
˵ճӡһӣܽЩ
껿Ц֮࣬Ц
ʹⷴͷźţЩѾͶͶԼļһ㷴㡱ô޷֧ԼȥԼô棿ؼţһ㶼ûҪ˼
Ƶ껣Ҳһһ
ɺϰ˻űơ
º޼ȴ¶ȥֱ֮ԣϼʵ
ʮվϰ֧֮ԡ
ؼ״ҲϽԮ̫ӡ
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ڱͷ׷徴ƵͬʱҲڰ²ʤ顣
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ô֪ģʱ󣬻ʵ̫ۡӡʮӵ˶ȶˡ
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Ҫ˵ʮӰŵòйĴŵƽȤҲС۸ͣרŵִŻͺɡ
Ǵ󲿷ֶҹεĻᡭ
ն˺üأλ˴ţű㣬Ǻȵʹһ죬ߣǾƶ࣬ҲҪ֮ʱ
ߣźСۡ
ǰ׳ĶСˣһ˼ûС˿Ҷĵǲ˫ʮ껪۽Ǵģһ촩̺Ҷӯ޹ǡΣԼĺȻػƷƷϲѵģҲϲ׵ġǰһͱ̹ã
Ҳ֪˭˾䣺˵һԭҪ׸ϵģϧ˵磬ðոȥ֣׼ݣǷɫε߽˲֪ʡ
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ͻ£δˡЩˡҹɲ˼
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ŤŤʵ˵ͲŸ߰˶ʫʣ
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շûٽһˡ
ԣõİ취ǸϽҸʵѡ
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վǰǾշòᵽʱѾͷ΢΢ȴͷ˵䲻Ϻҡ
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Ե֣ռҼ£ǺҸ˻ܱסշ䣡
ԣһϼƺ˱̽һ

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ܣҲǿ
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ϰ֮˶ãǻﻰⶼǡ䡱Ҳ
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ΪֱӹȥлҪá
ȷʵɡ
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µʱ䣬շı仯
ϦգȴҪΪĶĿŮӣ˿ȴһͤУ˸һܴߡ;շʻţ࣬˿ţȻ⻨ڶﶼܡ
±ǰͤС˵ϼ䡣λЩŸСܸӡ
ٰƶһۡѡǺãʱΪǣ
˸Ͻлʮಽͤ⡣
շƿӣֱǸߴϤӰߣֻٰǧѾͷ֧Զֻһúá硱ʲôԵʡ


361 ˴һ
շôҲû뵽һǰĿཻȾͬʱһһӶˡ
ҪһֻѾӵݵǰ
ˣŰɡ΢΢ü罥𣿡
ҡ˵ƣ䡣
ӲãܺȾƣ

΢ɲһ̾ΪΣ鲻¡
ˣôû𣿡ע⵽շϵǵ̣Ǻأɾ˸ơÿϧֻЩܡܵģǽˣرӡ
շҪڣȴǽյ˲Զٰ˵Ľʾ⡣
пܺòˡҲࡣЦ
ȥҰҩҲѹһ̺ۣòʲôûҪǧҪЦúñء
ʯϵĹӡֻҪҪĹӣΪ㲻СʧֿĵͲҪ𣿡
õҧһڣͻȻȷòá
䣬ɲǺܶòȡˣҪѡӣʧˤۺ󣬿϶ỻһ
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ı̫ˡԼԴһơôһ˵ǰοǴ̼˲ʵڵùǸˣĨ˵ûı̫ˡ
ԼŪ޻ϽΪԼЦΣͷζ˵
þã˻ԼҿȥϸǰȢ㡣
˵䣬һࡣ
ûȥϦ磬ǼﱧѰԵĿȥġϲŮֻ߸ӴȷʵĶˡʥΪͻʱûվ˵
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˼Լƺ˴ˣ˰ˣǳ˵İ㣬˵İ㣿ūأǵãūȥˡǵȡ˵ڵȣ֮أ
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СʹתѼ
Ͻ£ŷ֣ҲšȻ֪类ԶԶӿˡ



362 ˴
һѰңҲûҵѡ
ֻþͽϹԱߺҶϣСѿٴ
ӹΧʲôӺˣ˯һˣȫӹ˭ôҪǸҺ˵˵֮Ͻ
صŭŵʮ㣬˵ȴתƵߵСϡ
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ԼѱˣȵȣԼǡأ
ӡҵѡ

ЦǷ鰡þ鰡
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ѽѿۺõһڳЦաһޣһžͶŹƷ˳ȥ
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λˮ֣ʰ𪣬ī磬һߣܽػҪأ
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ſµĹƷֱӱȥκˡ洬ֻ٣ȸߵ˸ǲƷֲۣѹûע⵽
ʵԴؿյūȥ󣬼˱ƻڷ羰ãҶܲĺϡ
оųˣǵɫάһ˿ѡ
Ϊ׼ģԲϹڶȺʱǹ˸ؿֱۡȲԸūŵڶλȥˡΪöԷ֪Լ⣬⵽˺ߵŽˡ
ˣǺٰܷǵжˡ
κصȵһҡǰİˣѾ뵽ūѽ˴ȥˮ鿡ϡͿ͸˴ֱˡź˱衣ź˯ȥˡ
͹ƷȵǱ࣬صⱭҲǷһҩ
ǱǵҩҲɢ˸⡣
˭ԼȾûã
ʱѹע⵽֪ģС۱ƫˡ
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յϢ˵ҪߣȻܴӦ
ⲻæϵūž͸һƣɫĹ
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ôһϽ˴ȻģһԶֵߣ˲Χۡ
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Īģͱˣ
ŪãʺӻͷϿۣ
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ҴҸæÿһ
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ƳſںҶϣõĶ񲢴ĹƷʱȴһ¾ͳˡ
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Ϊ˳뵽غ˻϶ˡ
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ǣ˿̵ȫһֱߴŭ䲻ĴȻ󣬳ŹƷԶ֡
ش򲻵ãҴ
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һͷˮĳע⵽˳ԹƷĵ⣬˿ô˵¸Ǿȡ
ͷҡ
Ʒǰһֱ˾Ϊ˴Ҳɣ˿̿ơ׽˸šʵҲŹƷ˻졣ƷǱ˰ˡ
ԭأ˶ʼΪڳ֮ˣݻƷĸߣᰵΪʲôأںֵĵλ˭ϡôѵǿ
ôûԸǺȶˣɳϯʱüΣûȶడ
벻飬仹ڻɹƷΪˣȴᡣʣзˣܽܣΪλԸ׳ӵˣ̣
վ˫ǧ֪Ρ
ֱ֣Ʒʹ˲̣һǰҪ˵䣬֪ȴںݶ
ƶڰ

ףҲЩµĳơһһ󲽾͵˳ϡ
ѹҿɸ㣬ƷǸֱɫɡ
ǰɣ
ɱżƭˣϺɰ˿麹
ƽӹһƣӺϱƬҶ
ǡƸտڣɫѳ£Ѿᵽ˺ϵҶѬζǹƷõζ鱾ҲζŴ
ǹƷҲֵġ˳ƿµɫóǸƷʫӡҵʫ
ƵѾˡ
Ʒ֣ûбϤˡ
Ʒ˲ٱ飬Էһֱڸע͡һ۾ͿЩּԺ֮֡
ʫȷʵдġ߲ˡ֣С֣ʫǳԣչ˳ˮƽ
Ҳֱ׺ǳԣ׾Ʒʫеͺ˿˿¶Ľ
ŭһѻѾؿ

Ȼ̤
ѹִ˿̷˴
ͲԶϴ



363 ʲô
⽫غ͹Ʒѿеס
ǼλӽƷȻõ˶񣬿ɾû
ֻǹƷǺõһͷϹˮĻаȿԣ˸ͷβЦ
ƵȻ鿴֪ѳ˱ƭȴ֪߶߶ǲ֪ɣ˾ӣжȣ񣬵òȻʵһӻˮҵһμ;סǸǰһǿͰʹ
߶߶
հ·ʱżҡ߶߶߶
ڣǸдʫͼˡǸӣһǻ֣ҲŲϵǲ֪жٹϡ߶߶߶߶
磬ʱȻӵţҿȿȿȡ
ͬһӣԴȫСȫȥһı顣
ʱλѹ±ء䣬ֻһΧ˶û˼ܲµʲôˡǻһ䣺û뵽⣬ԭֻѼ
ֻ
㣬˵òô򣿡
ã⡣úݺݴ򣡡򡣾еȭͷҲѽ
ʵ͹ƷѾ˽ȷ⡣ڹƷݲһֱڵһŹƷһ󣬳Ʊ
˿̿ǸЦ
뵽ϦԣƷĸַȺ飬Լ˺øУɲļ䣬ôһ飿գһǧУǲòȣǳʵģǹƷֻ
˿Է罫ԼĿɣ
Լˡ
ң£Լ
ΪʱԼ;ܷ
һߵİϣٰƶһۡ
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ٰ棬ڵ˼صì̫¶棬غ껵ֻ¶ỳֱʣԣûκɡ
˿̣·мʮԶ˵ڰϣкҺ֤ˡգûӽ
гֲڳ֪֤ݡ˭Ҳûˮá
˵˿̵ĺңȫİοշ䡣
֪غһеĹһշ͵ˡ
ը
δռҵ
ܿ죬ˡ
˶۵أʲôʸȢԼЦռҳϣ͵ڽЦıǩ̫ӱϡ͹ĸһġҲᣡ
ϧܰأ
ϣγΪض˱ǩԺ˭ᵽշ䣬뵽Ϊء˵ץĳ°ɣ˭һţ˭Ҷɣ
ҿշϸ߸ߵ͵ͷ¶ǿˡ
ֱվǰ
˵ȻѾȢˣǱҵ㲻öй˼ɡ

Ҽ佫һȭͷʵ˵ûôơϴϦҵġ֪УΪֱͳҳнλ㵣һĸЩ͹ˣ
շһ죬ֱ׵Ŀޣͷһֱ档
ɻһ㣬СغŻᡭ
СˣҼҲ¡ԣҼȭͷʵ˵ұҪеȭͷķա
ҽ߽
Դ˿ֻ룬ǷԸ⣿ԸΪҵޣ
շ伸ϲˡ
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ٰò֮ȵøΣ˳Ȣ㣬ϼĲˣˣҲӦ¡
Ϊǣȭл
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һҪĶӣ
ʶģʵ۵񻹾ɨ̫ӣ
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Ϊһʧ˿̿ѱ¶ʶ;ãֵٰڡ
ˡ
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ƷΣܹܺ͹Ʒ֮ǰ͵ԣ˵ǰ¡ܣ˾ƣΣֲ˱ˡѣ˰㣬Ҳ׳ɹ
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ס죡̫Ӻǳ⡣
껾Ҫúý̬Ȱڳ̫ˡˡ˿λ᧿Σλۡ
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ˣ㻹֪Ӱģҵ棡껿˸ͷΪˣӦϳͣ
Ȼ޼ֵȻϡܺùʵٴνⷢӡ
ʵ۶껿˼ۣЦЦ
ǿ˳ۣ˿̫ӡ塱ǰȴҲ˼飬Ӳŵζӣʧ
˵Ӧϳͣʵٸ̫һʡ



364 ˵Ҫʲô
ٰ֮ԽվͼŶغ͹Ʒ֣Ѫмƽϵġ
꾰áӴտʼǳ溦Ǻ飬ĺǺԡ͢һֱæµʵҲķ
ʵ۱˶ûǰɽׯ̫Ҳӹ˺ٴȨת˶ƣ
ƽȣʵڿԴ̫С
ΧĹģųʱ䣬ɼʵ۶ԴǸŷɵĿġ
ٰţԸ²Ļʵͷȡ
ղŸյطḻʵĻδʼȻ˳£棬Ǵùͷ
˵ʵ۵Ļԭֻ֣˿̱ᵽ߷֡
ֱӻ˻ʵ۵飬˻ʵ԰ǿҵĳԣʵ۵ĺ˯߶ˡֻˣûʵ۵ķһЩ
Ȼ
ʵ۵Ŀֱ꣬Ӵϡ
ã
˭˶æش󳡺϶ͬͬأ
ٴ֣֮۶ˡ
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Σ
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αʣ
ԼθҲ
껵ĺҧˡ˴˿̣λڵԼ
ǰӡҲǴΪ˵ˣĮ˶֡˵ˣݣǱΪ顣ҪˣǷҪ˵һʾǸ̽ǿ泯
Բ¶Ǵ
ȻȴҲǶԴõġƷǳ͢٣ҲȨáԡҡѡ˸׵˵ǹԹԿͷ
ʵȴһûõĶǲ˵ǲ˵ôС£˵úã˵ңθҽ½㣿
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˵˵ʵʾӡ
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̩Ȼ˴˿̾ơ
˷׷׿ڱʾֻϳͲֻܻгͷˣŸܱ¶ҶԸֶеĲ̣ްӡ
һǿӦŴȥ伲̬࣬׽жһӦԣúÿԼ飬ѧϰྲģ𾭶೭飬ٺȾƣٽɫٹ
ֻ޲˺ˡ
񶾣һҪңһҪҡô⻹ɱ
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ܺãʵȴˣɹɵۡ
ʱʵֽ߶̫ϡ
ˣĵܵǶ˵˵˵ϣ㰡Ҳúøϰ˺ʮѧѧ
껼Ҫһ̵ԤУɻ̫λϣλѾԽԽԶ
أʵ۸˴á
кӵĽ飺
̾ͽͻؾȥֻȥʰڣؾ͸ǰԺ
رѾʼ
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ʵȻĿ
ÿʡɡû޳УûԻ־ɫ;ƣȥһʱյأúþġ
һʱָã
ʲôʱܽȥЩ伮Ĭдʲôʱ˵ͨ͸Щ𾭣ʲôʱܳľдһֺ֣ͿԻˡ

СͲǶдֵϡ
лֻҲдáֻҪһ鱾㲻Ƥܱͷͣѹסȥձʣȥ飿
ȵܷϵҪָҪʮʮꡣҵҲû˵νĵ伮Щνĺô÷һȥ᲻ͻزˣ
𾭣ܿģ˭Ҫܿ͸ͨ𾭣ֱӾͻȥ˰ɣǲˣ
ʣ󿪶޹Ժһ
ʵͲˡ
ӣжġ̫࣬޹ˣ͸ʰ˿顣
ʵ۰ڰ֣˳ӣָ˽ͻؾȥعӣ㴫޿ͣҲһȥׯϡʲôʱܻأܻأĸܶĽգҪΡ
ظǺ󱳷̫Ѿһ빬Ψһ̵ָܷûˡſؿϥжϣȴʵ۵ȽŶûϣ㱻̸ˡ
ʵֿ̫ӣСͰ㣬Щʰ˲̯Ӱɣ
̫һô˵Ȼﶼ
˵ֻˡ
㣬Դ㲻֮𣬷ʱʱݣŵ˽ءϲϣ
̫ԣºǺǡ֮ˡ
ǼһԲãԼθɣ
ֻ¡
ʱٸҶײԼҪԴ
ԣҲúʡȥɡٺһ꣬ɡ
ҧл˶º޼ǣԼѹûأǷҲҪԼȥ
ʵۻ֣̫¡
̩ʾлҪ˵
ˡ
ʾϯ׼ˣⲻԤ֮Уʵ۴ᷢ䡣
ʵҲûϰ˻԰飬ʵ۷ǵûжԣֱӴ˹Ʒúһ󣬿Ʒɵ㣬便㻹ǰư͡
ϲ֪ǻҪ֮⣬л˶
ʵ۶̬ģѹǳ顭
תֻʣϰˡ
Ҫ˵ʲôʵע⵽ϰ˸ʮ˵ʾ⡣
ְҲ֮ˣһԺԺ͹ӼȵؾԶ֮էݲԵĹƷܳϹϵϾϣûκϵ
ǻԭ˽ʵҲùƷ򵥡
ֻǺ棬˭˭⣬ǡԭһ·ģ
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ܹͳ͢ûտñ˵ıŮ

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ǣһȫԸصźţôѺá
ʵ۲£˿̬ȣǵðڳ
ίˡƷǳ͢٣ΡȴС֮ģ㱻㡣˵ףôˡԸֲڣ˺˵˵⣬Ҫʲô˵˵


365 Ӻ
֮ô磬û˵Ͱæı㣬֣ͬԽ»档
Ĵ㣺֪ƷƭίͿʱüˡĶһǻһ٣ʵȻûˡˣٿɵһݻʱ䡣
һʹ㽫ȥˡ
ϸδɩܵ
صھǴ죬˹ܡãѧǣҲҪˡ
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ȻжǰϸƺͼֱӸ
붼롣䱻ޣ罫˭ƿ֡ڵʱ㽫ٰƻ˹ȥ
һж˳
ʱ˿̣ʵ۹Ȼʼ˲
ָʾӡ
ÿڣֱԳԼ򵥣δĵķֱʵۣķѡܷ񾭹ĵͷ
ʵˡ
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ҪģӦа
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л϶䡣֣ؿͷ
лʲôˣ㻹ô룿ݶ𣿡
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̲ס˴һУƿذ
ǡ볼ͬģ
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ˣٰ㲻߶ҲԸ񡣶ԷǰȻҲ˼ֺáԷ޶⣬Ҳܸɾ


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368 ׷
ѡһ֧ѡһΪ
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ԣĵͻȻƥĿ¡ĵƥӦҲֻⲻ֣Ҳףˡ䡱ְƺôոԣǲôƽأ
⻰е
ѡļһ͡껰ͲûһʾȥҲʼզ
ߺߣ˿ŭΪƽϢԹԣ·ƱҪòôԼǿ֮ˣʱվֻҪôССһ㣺Լڶѡ顣
ʱԼڻʵ۸ǰҲԵôȣ򲻵òԱԼѡֻ̩ѡ̫ˡ
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ȻոմϢ˵ǸԷĿյֵŹƷԭءƷѾˡɱϣȴºѪġ
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374 ǳ棨βŶͼӸ
ݲ뿪ҲûڱӵĻֱӽռŮҲжĬ
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Щֵวѡ
ô˵ٰȻ쵽ֵĶżѴӦֿɳܵܶˣ˿Ŀ֣㲻װ֣
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Ұ㱳ġҲİȥ𴦣԰סԺӡҪȻΪⷿô˽ܻУԣҵϡմȾҵϢҵһС
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375 һʳ
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376 ıβһһͼӸ
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ڰǰӦУֱӴ˺󳡣ס˶ԷΪȷ껡
Ŭ˼Σȴʼû˦Լڡ
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Ӧһȴ̫ޡͬȴ̫ܡϸˮôû



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˵ͷŮĹ˼ʵڲ١ϣܵڴӦЩҪԸΪŮŮһɣŮԵԸӣúչӣԱ֮߾ȫЧһϺͳ͢
֪ͼȴ֪ЦǱţôôˬͲָԼˡ
ʵȴЦˡ
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òˬȴٰ֪ҪʲôˡôõĻᣬȻҪϷȡȨ档
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ӿ֪ׯһ꣬Ҳֻ˲ʮʵһӾ͹֮ҵİչһ£һִţǲ֪伲ࡣһӿʯףİٽʮף֣ǲ㹻˳һ챥ˣ
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˭Ҳ˵һƨˡ
жˣһӶû衣вٹǣʵûٸ˿էһ֣ȷʵЩˣĵԼһٷѰɲʮ˱һ٣
վһϣ˭ȥ˵ٰǴ
Ȼ˳˻ʵһʾ󣬵һʵۺݲٰӡʰ޵ˡֱ
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ڶŮ֪Ǿ竣ҹҹϸ裬Ů˼ͳӻǵҵǰֱֵԺȣΪdangŮѽܡ
šȻͬĹ۵㡣ʵ۵ͷҪˣǸˡ˵ɼҵȻҪɼң͸úú뽫߰˻죬˰ɣ
ЩһܳȥԷӦˣ
ӣٰȴǴȷʵͷˣոմ˻ϵĻ

ʵ۹Цãݶܺãݲ޷ˣݶڵĿǰ˷һԣ֮ϣ
Ťȴһۺܵ⡣˭˭ǲ˵ԽԽĬģ
ݶһҲˡɺã˻СҪţͷСӳżʱأҲơΣ
ٰٴοͷȻá
ԺЩΪѵӦˣȫͷϾС
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Ϊãʵ޴Ӧ̵㡣һֱȱܹˣºˣݶúù
޴Ӧ㣬۸㣬㻰˻죬أǸؼҵģֻ޸ǰ״ްʰ
ʵ룬ֵɡؾ֮״һ߸㡣
ʵƳݲһۡʵһֱ̲׮¡üʱݲǴܿ£һֱͷëëġ
ٰЩɲݲᵣĵģͳһ㣬ٳҲվٰһͷݲ֪Լ䰮Ůվһġ
ԣԸ͸ߣѪףҲδرȵǾ֮顭÷˰ɣ
ڡˡ˵ֿһЦ
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Ů󣬵Է棬ʵڲ졣ŮպСۡʵŮȾָܾ飬˵ӻƵصĹȥ
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ףȡǹײձЧȡͼӴķӡʵҪలƵ¡Ҫǽ費֮ԲŶϷأԲԼεĳȥڡ
ʵԭţʩչĻʱݲȥʩѹ˿áھͰѻ£˭ȥСӣ˭Ů˸
ʵ۽ԣô˻ٴٰеĻȨƿ
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аɡ
˳ˣ˭Ů˼ëˡ
ֻҪݵڣʵҲٸŮˣǽ˿ʡ̫鷳
ǡӶʨһǰ϶ˡ
氡Ժû
ġٰĿʱǱؿ˵еలȵ˺ͲలˡŮϡϰϺʳϲϰߣŮܷЩ˽
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һᶼйصġһ˼ŮޣҲźļ˻һˡʲô˼ӶҪȥ֮⣿
ˣʵ۸ʹˡ
֮һĴںٰɲΪ˿లݼҵˣȥԽԽãöݲٰЩױźã
ԺЩҲԴ͵תˡٰҪ֮õġ
లԺȫݲˣలҲʱˡ
ⲻ֪Ҳڰһʱڿɸǡ
ٰҪڣܴ޵ģһƵסġ
ˣԽⲽ壬еġ˵ȡߡö֮ӣòţ
ٲеĻǣĻӡԴèèԹˣ

ʵţͷҲ
һ̣ҲͲý֮¼ӿټӿ졣
ݶɻ
һҪͻ飬ܷһЩŮû׼ϵ׼⣬˵లӾסŮסߣԡ
УΣʵھˡ
ҪȣҪ޾͸ϽİɣϴСˡ㱧ӣܶ㲻˵ԼСûŮ˰ܵöЩɣలһУҲʹûʵһֱ˲ȻɿأڶҲЩ顣
׼̫޻ġ²ϰߣǾ޽ȥҲϰϰߣ

ʵͻȻڻؾʵۣûһεȥһۡҲ֪ǰܼܲˣףǻһǸ̬
ؾȥһۡʱ裬һǿలΣޡʲô뷨ҲֻܸᡣݶҪģűǡ
ٰԥ޷ǶϷϲŮЩʱ䣬ŮҲ׼ױ
˵ô컹ڷϻʵҲٰ֮ˡ
ױ棬޸ױ㲻õ©ǲ
ʵ۲䣬ּһӦС
޶Ӧˣɷ˰ɣ
ݲ΢΢Ŀ
ߺߣǳѾͷ˵˰죬ȵľǻʵɣһֱŰǿΪͻʵ
㣬ֿʡһʡԼС˽⣬ҲԲضˡ
һԸһԸҲƤ񣬵ǿʡһˡ
ѾͷԼ˼ױలʡǮأ
ŮŮ
˵ҪʵһĴ㡣ѾͷҪģԼ͸Լŵװס
һ˵ѾͷӺùأ
Լûɩ֮࣬Ѿͷģǹ̰ĺӡ
ʥϴŮжˡٰߵлתڣ֪ΪΣ
ſڣһ
Ǳּɣʵһ
˳óͱµʥּ
˻¸ˡ
ڣȻǰ
ߵͷл
ðһ̲̾סЦ˳
û̾أԺͷεȫޣֻʣĹСǹһ·ˡ
ñȴе˷ܵĸо
ʵ۱ʾʹͻؾٰ䣬ֻ˴һ
ٰ̫˵һӡ
ȥʵߣ˽˵䣬ǶԸոյļı顣
ʵֻ˶˾ƱʾֻȾƣ˽
ֻùԹԷֱ𾴹˻ʵۺݲ衣
Ǳ۰ͰҲʵ۾ƣʾҲʧˡ
ʵԴһģЦ
ȢϱԹϱҲд˴
ҡ޸ܣˡҲҪģʵڲȢӶʨŪɨص³ҲңҲȢٰġ
ڣ
һ뵽Ŀӣǵ㲻ʹҲǵȻ޴档
پ첻٣ǰһһȺϣֵǣҪҪúþӼϾֻ¾ûǻŶ
⻰һ˵һ竣Ǵ󲿷ֱҲ塣
˶һ߾ƵϲһߴȤδһݡ
ٰʱһ竻ΧڽͷӶһû¡˸Ȧȥ˵ĺ󷽡
ѣһô
ߺߡ
Ϊڱƽų⡣
ԽԽ׵֡



379 ˵
Χһһ
ҪҺӶʨӾóú
ҪҲ񣬱ŲʲǸʮ£͵ĺӶʨóΪС򡣡
ŮúŪֻҪŬŬͣ
ǣ˺ӣ˼㣡
𼱡ҼŮб£Խ񫣬ˡ
ŮװŪˣʱֵǰ㡣
Ů˽ţܲܲѾ߽ɣʱ㿴˭ԸҰʳֵǰųѾ߸ȥ
ûûǵǰԺŪ鷿أŪڹزܽĵض档
Ů˶գȷʵˡ˺һż¡ϲʲôģֵһһǡ

ٰ
Ҫ˵Щϰأ⵱֣δû֮ġ
ɷѿĵԼ
ǱͷһȺҲԽԽ𾢡
׼Ǹкã㲻칫طֵǿ㵽ΧԺ֣ʲôģһǣЩҰȤһգ
ǾͲһݽǻ֪ˣиг
ʲô߲ǲŻϡ֤أôĵطؼŮ˻򡭡
ǿڵļһͻˡ
ŷָոոƲ֮ˡǹŮٰ
أˡ
ͬʱоյ˼֣ͬʱЦ
ˣҲλǶлλˣԣԺһġУԺֻҪλڵϯҶŵġ
ݶСᣬֵܲǸ˼
˵˰ɣСۣǿɵСĵŶǸոһѿڶûҲ֪Ҫ©ЩȥǷˡ
һ競ʱɵۡ
ôӵевģ
Ҳ˲ڱƵƵĺ񣬼ͬʱҾٰ顣
ǺӶʨǺαıңŻδɣǿȥջسᣬȥҸңɺã
ٰ˵Ҫߡ
˸æ񣬱ʾȶˣǾƺţǿʣ˵˵˵һѭ浸أӲΪ»һӳԾơ
Ժ˭ҸҼҳ⣬ұ˻ϴ͵ĽٰһۡȻȥǼҶǵ£ȥѰǼҳ״֪֮Ҹң
첻µز£µľǱ㣬㻨ӡԡ״㹻סǡ
ٰһȥתһȺľ竡
ߣѿһѣ˭ԼԼԭһӱĸ£
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˰ԵЩɵͼļһﻹ
˭Ҳ
Ƽٰ׷׾ٱ
ף֮࣬Ҳúܡ
ǰһ㲦ȫٰͼı
һٱ˵ıˣһٰһֱӵ쾡¡˭ţһũׯŮڲĸµʱȫŤתԼˣϱĳ𶼱ˡƸգȡĽĽɲǴ£
һ㣬Ƕٰѧϰ
⻰ƺշ䶼Ͽɡ
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ȥҪúǡϯڳǰúӡҸطϼС
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ٰ
ƣ˵లкüƥֺ꿪ʱĹŻ˵ҳҲڻϣȥһۡ
շ䣺లòԶ̨ͤ¥Զһº¼ҡи
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֪ҪһŶûԲǡԺ˵ĻˣϾҪһӵġ߰ɡҴȥߣݳҹһȦȥ
̬ȣٰʵ˵һ
ڶԸϤֻƬСӣһƬݳ
л˵
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÷Ҹյļ¿вԸ
˾ͺáʮҲӦ
ЩΪలȱӣʮΣҲνٻһΣ
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Ů˵£ѴɹʶԶҲΪһ仰ѣΪǽԼలȡ˴Ȩ档
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־֡
ٰȴһ
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ƿůź̤ʵ
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˵ô˳ˣԣӦ֣һܲŶԡ鵽Ũʱѭ򽥽Ŷ԰ɣ
£滮üãǴҵġ

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̫ˣ
ڼʧ񣬽ͷһײʲôأɣ
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Ǻޱߣûоͷ

ģƺҪڡ
Ұİ磬ζ¡
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һֲһڸУſͷƤ˿ⶼζ
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ĹϣԴϡ
űۣлζɲ㲻ţĵ϶пɣ
Ҫ˵ıʵȷʵȫʮ㡣
ٰ˳غͼ磬ţҲǽʵԺҲ
Ҽ𣿡ǿצĴָУģõúܡֻҪԸ⣬ձ϶ӡ
ٰЦʴʣҧȥ

֪Ϊ̫죬Ϊ£һڴûСңҪڣֻ˵ˡ
ڱŪմ㽫ڻջϢȴ
ٰоһĲƵ̧ͷ
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һƣˡơ
ʵٰһֱΧ֮Уĺƶ𡣵ʵг̽룬ȴһζơһĵ͵ΨһһνӴҲƽ
ʱٰ뵽ƣ治֪νˡ͵ΪŴͷǸٵģƫܲβġ
˿̣һ˵ĲݳϣϺһ˴ȷʵһصĴڣʶͷ硣
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ڸҪٰӱϷ£ȴǵ˼ᶨһԣţͬʱ˽§֡
͵Ĳϲһ
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ʦǡ
Ǽǿʣ˿֮󣬸֮
ʦῴأٰЦ٩Լ͸Щκͼ
Զһˡ
ǿʲôˣ
й¶ԭûţһ̧ͷȴб䡣
ǽǰԷԣԭΧ޹ļҲһԲ١
Ҳ֪ǷǵӰ죬ԭһֱעţƵļǣȴʼ
ãȷϲۻҲΪ
Ҵҳţɽϸơ
ָ㣬вݳͬտʺϹǣˡ



380 ͱ
ƬþãǶֿ˺ü֡
ָѪûִ
ʼɣͻȻǼԭǰ;Ϊǵͻ𣬵ǲǹƺƫǿߵơ
ͻ䣬󲿷ʱ򶼲Ǻ¡
˿̴䲻˵Ƿ˳廹㰲֮ʱ
֣ⷬơ
벻ף㲻
֮ǰѾϸϸʣշȫ͸
ҵڣҵ֮ˡ
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ʦɫãȥϢɱˡٰɷ׵
ƿЦ̫飬ɣֹɫãؿѪӿüˡ
ϲλƶɮϲˣƶɮͲˣףλ԰úϡ
лٰ§ֺ͵ֱۣӽ˷
ٰ
΢΢Ŀֻδ
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ٰһ㶡ԣҵѪֻ֮ûȥ𣿿վ˺öѪ
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֮ǰû俴ҪΪ涼סиϰߣʱӹ׿ˡ
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Ҳ֣һ򲻴ٲˣļһζ࣬İʾ㣬ž־ܡ
ʱ֮
УͷҲá

ʦҪҪһ˵һֱڴƣüͷһˡ
ȥһߣƴӻöڡ
ʩüкʱʱ֣ޣƶɮ˵ʵ̫ȷԣʩҲŻһѪ֮֡״ĻʩȣĪҪͷԣŲ𾭣ܴԱܹ֡
ڵıٰǴྶͥ
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ٰһͷˮƺ̬Ȳ̫һˡ
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ڸ˴ǣٰһͷ뿪
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Ƹʱʱ֣ޣżһ֮ʱƺǹٰ
˲ʱӣôһ˲֮С
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춨ģôûб
ˣ
ѵйأ
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˿̵ٰҲһʣƣ
Ц
޾ԡԴȥ

һҹܿȥ
סٰԺС
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ͷǸҺЧٰһҹߣӡ
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鷢ȫ˰С
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ٰȴʾһߡ
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ҵģЦջů˵ˣòã¡ԽϸѡҰˡͽ˼ȦγɷˡϰԼ
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Σлˡٳˡ
׼ͷá׼ͷȴ󲿷ֽҲˡ
ٰԵ⣬Цȥһߡ
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ѡνеúܿ졣
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֪ˮƽΣֻʶǶʵ̫С׿ı㣬Ҳϣɼ̫ѿ
ֻÿԵĳɼ˽ֵܳʱ䣬ΪС
躣ԣǰ߲ô˵ߣŴͳƺһԱܶۡ䲻ϣβ۳̣֪գܿؽ
ԣֻһĿ꣬ǳɼ̩ܲ
³һֱͣҪ㡭
ĿǰٰΣҲֻ˲ƱǸӣٰ˻̫ãͲǵǸֺƭˡ
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װΪ˴¹ίȫųƵôߡͳմմϲ׼¹
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Ĺһ˳ȻˣС


385 ɱҺ;
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ڣıﶼ࣬Ӽ䵭ǡôóûôΡ


386 ˶
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δȥӴЩߣǷԸ˽߸ͬʱųȥ
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»ʵţҽҲһЩҩЧǲԭҩ
ԣҪ˵СǲСı߲ϣ޿ܣ

ԳСѥߣֻһֿܣǱ˿Ϊ˹⽫Ū˳СϣҪıС㣡ˣܣ
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ٰƿ֮Щۻ
ƵһʼΣǹǲ⣬ɻ󣻽űΪѡüͷһꣻܿ죬¶˾ȱ飬һҲԽԽ󡭡𣬿ٰ棬ٿٰġ
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ʮһֱ˴ÿնڷʡÿնаգÿնʣˡȻһж⣡һж찲źõģС֮伣ǰ;٣벻״ںδ
ϵǸ֣ʵٰʮˣʱﶼûдʵǴˡ֪˭

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ΪĵΪĿھȹ̣˳Ӧ⣬ԲУΪǷĲž˵ͷƲɵ⣬ҺĵĵԵԽ͡
ΪδӵһμҪ׽ҲõˡʩԵַǳ
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ոǾ䣬ȡǴУǺ⣿
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ٰĬ뵽ǰٻǰķߺ޼ʣ˵һӶʹ࣬һӶϷһӶսսı͵ıߵЩ뵽ٻþ˷ҲûܻϺӡ뵽ٻ㾡Ҳ͵˶³
ٻǱӣûϲùԼ
ٰƣȷˡ
Ǿ䣬ⷴɡҪҡ
Ŀࡣǰʱҵòҡ
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394 ˭˭
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ǵãôǼգܳȥĴӦˡʱٰףһ⣬ԭܹݣ
ΪԼڲ㣬ȴ֪ʵ͵͵ڵȵ㣡



395 кϷ
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˲Ϊ֮ж߼Ѫ֢֮ӦʱòǻϽ͡˲ο򣬶Ŷ˵Ƿ֮ԣһԷʼòΣʮ֮˾űѵ˲ҩʯ飬˲֮ʱˡ
һ
⵹Ǽ򵥡
ĹŮȻӴʳҩʲôüҽ䰾ҩҩҴţҩƺûڡ
һ㣬Ƕסġ
ĩʱ֣յϢ
еķбϵļ󡣹ˡѲڱࡣ
⣬˵ΧߴϢԸϼУΧʥ
һ⡣
ܽٶ꣬һֱȶ꿪ʱڸˣȵʱ򣬱ˡ
˿Ҳǡ
˵ڸջѾˣ˵ټѾվϰ˵ԸϣζţܸʲôѾƱ
Σյźţ



398 ƺ
껲ɲ룬֮ûһλϣǷҡԼע⣬ԲŷټȻǳԼҪǬ
껸ʲôˡ
¶ģþӪάϵ˶ʼж׼
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עǸ֮ҹ
֮ǰյϢ˵ݲҹһ˾УոջȥʵǶۺ˯¡յݲӱӪִǧйϢ˵ӪΧƻͨ
һеһУ껺ܽš
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ʱ磬ݲϢҲûǶ
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껼ǰްŴ˻ʵ۵С
˵һҹδ˯ʵڵĸʣһҪۿչ˲ܷġͷͿʼﴳ
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˿Ҫ̫ӣҪ𱻴ϣ̫ӣҲﲻǣ
˱ưﴳ
ǿҿ٣ɷ˵壬û˿ɡ
˳ȥˡ
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˳һҧĵ
˳ʲôҶԹ¶֣
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һ֮µܹܣװεвɼľţеĳǶ಻ԸƼѵⲽţ
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ֻҰĴ㣬Сһ۱һۣһﶼѾʼǽˡ
ǧ̻֮ѨԼӦûܻܾãСĲ㣬ܻȵԼ졣˿̲ʰʰ˰



399 л
̫ӵˡ
һû˯ȴһ㶼ƣ෴˷ܡ
˽ŪΧصõſҲװ
һ˺öųȥ˴ӣְ岻ΧֲΧ֮ˡİͻļһ˿õģҲвˡ
䲻࣬ʤھ󲿷ֶǸ֣һʮ֡лʮʿ˲ڵ֡ȻһصģǰеӣǲֻҪķʤ
⣬ֻΪ㣬װգʼǱΧ
ռңİǶȫȥ
ǰ׼Ծкⲿ״άϵȦӺЩѿʼ
æһ磬˻￪ʼϢ껶ʱԶ˼ûˡ
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죬ʱʱʣһˡȥȫǸ𣿡
ˣʵۺˡ
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ʱ󣬻ʵȺټԸϺݲ衣
ֻ˵˺ܾõĻϵʱʱᴫ
ԴѱµһݶʵǶȥˡ׼ĲƷ߻һţһ׷˸ţŻʵۻ˸Тĸżеʱ̡
Ȼϣ󣬵Żʵۻ顣
˵˵͸أ
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˵ϵȻԻһټ
ڣĶͽȥˡ
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ĹŮȥͲ裬ûܽ䣬磬ʵڽʲôȥʱ̩ء̿֡ϡʵۡúøɡи㡱Ӵܡ̩񰲡㡱֮Ļ
ֻû㱻˳Ӳһֱĥĥ䡣̩һ䡰ʺʹܡ㱻һ߳˵
˳Դ˲Ϊȥ˺󷿡
껵˾첻ԣȥ󷿸ʻŴЩ˵ǹŮţԿױ˳
һ˲껼׺䶥
ϰˣϰˣ
ϵĵһϰˣ
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껼ֱը
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߲ٲжܿҲΪǱ˰ɣ
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ٸѹͻнŲԶЦһ
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вȷ
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˵ǹ̩񰲡ҰΪ˴ܣΪȷҪ𣿡
Цãƣֻץһ塣
ϸϸȥһö׹
ûʲôԸ沿ȴһ½Ӳˡ
̩̩Ůʱ͵Ķ̩Ůһһ飬˶ǹϣӲȡ¡̩ϣ
ʣҡл𣿡



400 ײǽʥּ
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ݲץ̩кããץ̩ܱȻϣ
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ٰûģҼ޵ñãԸʹӡҶôˣ㻹ϷŹ𣿡
ٻ̫ӷ˴ֻºܿͲ̫ˡͨĻӶ硣ҲҪ𣿡
ƭˣΪһţ
ƭкô
ǼҺãôɡ
ٰͻȻúġ
ٻԼֵ˼ûУĴȵٻʲôأ
ˣٰ䡣治צĵԾЮ㲻˽˲һᱻ𣿡ٰϹһӣٻ
ȥɣҸſˣҵҪ׼ôģҪˣһʬȥ̫Ӹ
ٰأһϷʡ
Ϊǰ̿踺أҪӲҪ
죬˵
̵ģһһҲܶԼº֣ҵҪܲǰ̣һ֮
ˣ׷μҺ̫ӲŹ㡣ҲŹ㣡
˵ٰЦòá
ٻſЦܴȷʵָǰأѹ󲻵ٰ
ɱ˿͸Ҵĸоʵ̫ܡ
ܲˣ˴ҩȥ
ˣһ¼
ٰ΢΢ҩ֭Լһٿһ޶סٻͷһֽƾ˳ȥ
ˣ
ɳºޣѾˡƽװĸŮʮꡣ಻״Լ֣
ǻøӣҪѰӦֵĻᣬٻȳ֣Ҫý븮ǰúó뿴ٻһۡ
ԺӣѹͲ̤㣡
ˣţٻȶ֡

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ٰһ£Ķٻ
ٻҽУȫûа㷴ֻ֮øϽ߹
ⲻǽȻͷһذ׶ٰ
ңұ㲻ˡǣ˫ذףʱʱһ¡
ٰü󹴹

ȻϢݲ̤ʱıͷɢٻһŭٰһ߻ذ׵ĳ
û׵ٻ˵ٻУԾв֮Ѻܲˣһ˵ĳ֣ͷʱڡ
ٰҡŮٻ
ݲŮٻͨ͵˫գȷʵˡ
üٰѾͷ˲ⶼ֪𣿴ȥֵñˡ
ǣҴٻá
ٰܵҲ̹С
һȶҶֵġӷڶû̫ӸĹ˦ͷϡ˶֣˵ұԩǲڼңڼϴ۸ʵǿδĵܵܶȥˡЩ֤һ֪ҾǸô򣡡
ٰ˦ٻѹûñ硣
ԣٴ򣬾ǰװװˣ
ٰȻõġ
˵ٻº󣬵һϡԣͻع󶨻һʱٻ£˭ٻϵ̫أ̫ǴһҪģٻݣҪǣܵøϽšõ̫ӱǰãٰ϶ܿء
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ݼңôҲΪЩʺٱϽˮЩˣôˣ
Ȼ˿̵ٻҲ̶ãݲǺԥվٰǱߡٰ˵ǻãһ̥ܿءٻ򣬲ǶԺӵ䣬øܣͬҲǼ˺Ǻӡ
һ˲䣬ٻĿ˺ü֡
ٻûзٰ֪ȫʵʧ
û̫ܽӸٰ޹ء
㻹ڰҶ⡭
껷˴пҪˡǼǰ̿ǲ˵ܿࡣԸȥһ󣬰ȡ׮ͻ顭
ٻϡͷ̫ӲҪǺ꾫˶ԻΪĸŮ˶ٻˣ̫ӶŻٰƻԸҼ޵ñã
ȫģ
Ҳţ
ɲ㲻šƭ㣿
Ҷ˵زˣΪϻˣȥȡͻ飿šᡣԿ϶ƭ
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ٻݲ裬ͱˣ˿̵ĵȫĮǹֵģ
ЦҲ̫Ӹָúȥδӣ
ᾡ㰲һ£ˡָָ㣬۷׷ף
أ˭?ǵЩ˰ɣͮģ
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ٻɲ֪ͮѾޱףΪٰͮԵŽͮ
ٰҪˣƾʲôңͮҿϣȲ̫ӵµһֺͷΪҲٰ֪ǲǣôұڽŵף
̫ӲôҲٰǿˡ½ԼȥμұǱ뾡취ԼΪ仧ҵŮˣԺٰЦһӣμҶ̧ͷΪԼ
ģ³˻ʺҲݼңݼҸϾɱģ
ݲٰЦ̫ˡ
ٰμ޹أĻ¼ްɡ㲻ϲͮģѡ֪
ø𣿡ٻ˻𡣡̫ˣ
ٻһ
Ϊ˸ĸŮԴùõģ¼һӿ࣬ն̧ͷһӴڵ˿㻹ҪôңҺ͹ùöѪװΪĸŮ̫ݶˣĲʹ𣿡
ٻûݲҲڱŭԵߣٰһڣƻɣһˣֵˡѻ𣬸ոպá


404 Ϊ˸
ٻԽԽί
ĹùҲǽС㣬ǰ;һƬΪԸĸŮֶΣ㱻˸ǽˣֹҡ
ĸûõĹøϣ񶾵裬ȡЦ̧ͷһһҶزˡ
һ뵽ҲԼĽٻܲˡһϾû˸š
ݲһƬģѾȰ˺üΣȴŮţûǴǻٴΰθΡ
ԥģҲһ˳ȥ
һδŮһ˲Ҳٰ˱ضһ˸λ
ħˣûйأТϹ˹ۣĶסˡһǲûģ
˵һ飬̫Ҫ̨ˣòҪ
ƫҪٻ
׵⣬ԵͲôĸһ¸ˡ޼ٴν˻ȥõǽֻҪ̫ӣ̫ӣ˭ҪΪһǵٰ룡ҵĻ²ҪǸϽ뿪
ݲˡ
ţ١һᵽ
ٻţǼ⣬ˡ
ִǰ㣬ԡиġ
˵ʲôӦ
Ҫ̫ӣ͵ݼҳ׻ޡӢһ㲻ݣֲٳݼףݼҲֻûŮݲд˵ϣٻ۹ģĻûв᣿ϣٻܹͷ
ٻֻЦ
˵ˣҪɨسţΪ˸ĸŮŮ湻ݵģ
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У
ٻˬӦˡ
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Բ˳ǰ·ߣ
ˣﲻڣҲˡҲϡȻڣЦдޡһ˺úùɡ
ݲ迴źѹԥһ˿ϲͺŮʧһֻĺȻŮݼңμҲҰɣĴȱԼʲôǣ
ȻӦˣϽɡҪҰʲôҶϣ
һ䣬ݲһĶǣǵ㸸ŮҲˡתߣȥ
ٰ˿
ٻ˽һĲֵıξ磡
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ôͱ죬μҳ׷ҲݼûһϵˡڵʹʹǰмҪǿ̫ࡣ
ߣٻٰݺݵҲ㣡
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Ϊ
仰㽻¡ȻݼңݼұûͼˣԼױʲôͱˡȻڶ֣ӢͼޡԺŹţ··ǽǧٻؽû˻ӭǣ
ȼ뿪Ҹʲôʱʲôʱ뿪
̫ӱϵϢ´֮ǰͽߡ
룬ǽҲϯˡһдӼֻһɫɫСΣҲģ԰ɣǸʵۺͼﶼʡһӡŶ׼ˡ⡣
ΣϽʰʰɣ
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ݲ豾ͼŽݼƲ塣
һǻٶᵽߡ
Χ־ʱؼδʱʱչѽٻݼҵȫˡһ̫Ҫ£û˵Ͻϳæ;쾩з򲻶ԣݲʱᵽǰ졣
ٻǷ״̬Ǽֽϰӡ
ǣݲܹһʱ̫ɽǰͽãߴŹ顣
ѲݼˣȻݼˡݲ軹ĴȵЩװٻޡ
ٻһʱ䲻֪һǱ
ǳ֮µҪң˵ͷ
μң׼ģûڶûУôˣ
ֲޣֲǷҪʲôڣٰЦ
ٻٰƫͲҷһ»±򣬸ݲٰᷴڣʱ뽫Ļᶼûˡ
ɡ
ʲôû׼泯죬һףǱޱȣ趼ûϴһģȥˣ
ʵڲÿ죿ΨͿ˺һۣ֬ˣĨһصĿ֬ڡ
ҵһɫĻ£ӡױ䡱ҵǰһ챦ʯͷ档
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㡣ٰ߳Ժ֮ǰǽס
ʱ飬Ӧǣ³ԭĻѾˣʲôˡϦûз֮ⷢģֻԽԽĺԽԽڵİҹ
ҪǿǸף꣬Լ࿪ļꡣ
ٰԣɫţ̧СΣĺᡣ
ٻϡͿСΣӭϦô˽ΨһôѹģڼӢ
ͷʹޡͬģһὫծֻ
ٻһֱμ˻ڽ⣬ϧûСηͣһͣҪȥμ͸ţЩͼ֮һûһѹûӦ
ӳȥҲû˿Ͻӡ
ˣȻֱٰϡ
ʵμȷʵûϵݼһô콫˼޳ȥǵһϧû˴Ҳû뵽˻Сų⣬̫ӳ£μѾ֪ˡ˿Ҫ֮²٣ȷʵûʱٻ¡
ǣֻܹм˿õĴյʱѾˡ
ĴŮίԴȥ׷ŽȽӻμʰһ¡ɵһ˸գٻѾͽ̫Ӹ
Ӻţ
̫Ӹ˽ֱ֡
Ĵȥһ֪ԭŮųֻһɫСλֻӡûа磬û׶飬ֻίҡҡ׹
ŮūŶû̫Ӹ˽鿴ûͷͷûһ飬һǱһūŶȥ澡ʧδűЦ
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˿̵̫ӻڹУ̫ӸΪ̫֮£չ첻˵פ˲ٻʵ֮ˡ
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˴Σô˲ſڡ
ٻӢΪڵָ̫ʾ˽ԹԹԵţطǳ
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Ӣһ֪̫ӲڼңǰԺæ
βأӢξصϽ
ԡ֪淵ĵѾ߿Ųݡݼʱ˵ˣٻѾݡԴ˿̵նûС淣ۣ
ǣһȣӡ
Ȼξû棬ֻ˽Խܴߡ
ţУ
ٻҧгݣӣûڼĴﱻΧؿڱƣȴֻԼãԼ޵˦ҡ
һ·̫סٻͷǰűܿ˼ıЦ顣
ǵĵһվǺԺ
Ӣ಻״ɰճӽξٻĸƨ棬һξûɫ
񡣡ξŹ촽ֱӽӢİ˻ȥ
ʲԸ
ξһ˦ʾٲȻһĸɡ
ٻȭ֪ξףƽͷΣ޷ǾҪ븮ѹԼһͷ
ξЦ´ٻЦˡ
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ٻѣǰʲô紩ɣϲ֮գȻľѡξֱٰĴָ
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Ǿȿͷɣ
ٻɫٴһڡ˵ʲô
ͷ裡Ϊ˸ߵڣû̹㣿



405 ҵ»
ٻֱҪξ
Ͱˣͷ
ξ븮ʱռȻٻѹûξһԼٻûһգξվԼͷϣվԼͷϣ
㣬㲻Ҫ̫֣
ƺҲøġԺͬһ£źµģýҽ㡣ξ̧̧°ͣЦһȲ豻ٻǰ
㣬ͬΪ淣ͷ˰ɣˣֲĸʲôٻŭһСѽνӡ㡱ĳˡ㡱
ȽţȲһ裿½˽ϣ˿ҴĿɲֹң˵£ĵĲңǵ¡ԵĲȺͺݡ˵Ҳǿ㣬ԼŰ졣
ξ󷽵Цţֻٻ
ٻԭء
û뵽ô졣
ξʲô份һ㡱ɶǸͷһĴڰˡ
ԼɱԼ
Ǹٻܳ嶯
̫Ӳڣ̫ӸξԼһھܾ֪ξôԼʹӡŪСԼָ̫ӶŰɣο̫Ӹز졭
㣡ԥʲôӢܷŭ
㲻ҪɣУҪˣҽδ棿
ӢŵģȴԼݼѲңҪסȥμңĸƨ˼Ҫ֪ξ÷죿ԺԼμһô̧ͷԺô˼ǰֵλԺô빬ñЦУԲУ
ξűʲôʱֵΪǽˣӢָξ
˵һ飬˿̫ӸԺ̫ӸСݲǣԸģԹ
ξ治¡
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ξˡ
ҹ֣㶪۱ݼһ֣Һò̫ӸվȽŸΪ㣬ñЦΪ㣬һǣõ²ϲ˭˵ȥ
ˣҲһգҶ㹻ˡһ仰򲻹򣿲ͻݼȥ˵μҵģݼӦø¡
ξʹԸ
ȣҹģ̫ӵ¶㡣ٻײΡΡϥͷҰοһ
ξȵⱭ裬ȴٻЩʧ
ΪһԼ˳ٰĥ̫ˣʲôʱٻϥͷôˣ
ˣ
ġξЦ绨ݹһֻµĺɰ
ĸɡ
ָв̫ԣһƣ
һ˶ѡ
Ļ񣬾⣿
ξ̫ˡٻ
ʶİ׼һֻӵġɼֻо·ΣӶûһģ׼һӡһ룬븮ӵĵطҲ٣ʲôĶҪӣԸӻӣʮأ˼ɣ
򷢽лأӢȴٻϡ
ȵȣٻֻؿѪӿ㻹ӣ㵨ңҪ֪Լûӡҵ˽Ʒ
㲻ܼҿɲԩҡξЦ˼Ϊ˸İȫǻҪ֪ʲôɣһණأһ͵ʲôö˵ģʱ˵ˡԲԣ
ٻ̫ѨֱۣҪһ仰Ըξ˵ˡ
Ӳã㣬ܷϢ
ҪͻȻţסû׼á
ԭվҪġôû׼
Ŷûɣ졣

ԣסҵԺӣǶɾ᷿档
̫ӸԺӻûУٻֻǾǸӡԼƵ£ȥ˿϶۸
УǾδסˡ⡭
ҿԡ
УȥξЦøЩԼҪȥġԼ
Ӣԡɫ̫ӸסһΪˡҪ̫ƨ˳Ӫһ̫ӸҹļջμҲŸ̧ͷͦء
㡣ξ
㡣ٻоִ١ûūšܲܽҡ
֪ˡһѾ߸㡣Ͼ㶴ҹξЦú׼
ٻξָ껷Ѿ߹ȥź
ξҲ븮֪Ѿź껶꣬ӣź֡˲֣Զнɸ֦ɺΡԺѾﶼŵġ
ξռǽǸ飬ϴ󹦷շˡ˿Ѿ߹ȥξʲôԻٻ׼һСЬ
ٻξʱ䴦˲ʮΣɺڸĴȡ
룬ֱȥμ̫̫
Ĵ͵μң̫æ̫֮£ոջ
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̫־һƣϲŮ
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У̫һڻؾ˲Ҫˣϯܰ죬ױҲͣ㲻̫Ӹȥ
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С̰ɣȷ粨ȥ˵̫ӸȱūšûźҲ˵ġҪٻҲõȵȡ̫Ŀ档ӢʱҲܻμҡ
ôУ˺ܶ࡭
Ϊ˴֣͵ôû̫ӸⶼǻϵμҺγǱ˶ţǶμûȥأӢҪͰѱ𣿡
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СҴıٻӢӳ嶯ȱĥ͵ǵĳɳɣ
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Ĵȴ֮⡣̫̫ΪμһξֻҪξ˩ס̫ģٻûҲҪ
ĴȭξѾͷ֪ʹʲôֶΣԭȫĵ껽̬ȡ
һʼĴȶûϣȫûξ̫ӻġκϵ˵̫һ˯ξǶᣬĴȾξκϿҪȡμҵĵλ˵һ֮˵ʱЦκϣ˵˸տ˻磬һʱ̰Ϊ档
Ϸȥźξһµֱֻϲ˵̫ӵ¶ξܳ谮һξ̫Ӧļգʱ˶зڣ罺ᣬξΪμҵ̫ӳָտɴ
ʵʱĴȾͻˡ
Щûš׼˲ٸٻķӣҩӵطǡ˵ֶΡ
õū׼ŮޡоƵģҲò欶˺а취ġ
¡
һ˲ɣ̫̫ǹġ
ҪξҪξϣֹٻơ
ĸٻɷ𣿡ٻû˵ûգû˼壬û˿ɽû˱ӣʣΨһݻ檡ֱЦ
ֻҪãǷϣҲܱΪֻ̫ë΢Ƥȴδ˭һٻҲ̫ӡ
ͬûãٺõҲܴɷơб£Եи߷ɵһգʧȥҲ·ôߣҪԼ
Ĵһ̫̾΢Ƴһۡ
ҵĻҲú롣ͻᣬҲҲ÷Ӽֵˡ
Ĵһ㶡
ǡˣͻȻ뵽̫̫ߵһ仰μҲˡֱ˸

ٻ֮踺¹ȷʵҲŵĴ⡣Ҫ֪ξ¹ǵùıξ
ҵȣɫīڣȴһªùζԺӺ䳰ȷѾߡ
ϴ裬Ժˮ׾ãϴѾ߲Ϸˮľٲ⣬Ѿͷֻһˮˡ
⣬ԺֻһС¯ӣÿֻһˮ
ܲ⣬ȴʹѾߣѺüΡ
Ҫξ
Ѿ߸֪˵淴æúܣÿա
ҪԺӣٴαܣѾ˵ҹɫû˻ڡ
ٻŭ
ѾǺţȻضЦֱԡǵķ˲缦Ҫŵ͵㣬Ҷġ
˱伦⻰ٻֹһպʹ㡣˿ūŶ䣬̣
ȳȥİղֹѾ߷һѡ
淺ôĻǱ㲻ˡѾͷȻﳤȥ
ǣԺˮ֮˶ûˡ
յҲҵԺ䣬ֻһˡ
ٻ
òң
˭ң
һУϯûһ
ûһյ
Ӧ˵ûһףûһ䣡ϲ컨ʣʲôûУ
סʱίޡ
Σû˰ķ֪Ķأ
ÿ
̣۴ޣ
ξȴЦϲʹޣӻ
޾Ϳްɡ޳껸øˣ
ٻڴǣ̫ӣ˺ʱ˯ŵġ
Ժʱˡ
ʲô
»֮ҹ
ֵǧĴһ̣
һ˶ȹ
׼һ黰Գ֮û
Ķˡ



406 ͻĵ̨
ڵһٻ϶ξ̫ǰһǣξΪȷ
ôһסˡ
ɣ껶δ֪˸̫ʮ֣̫Ӳ᲻Ҳ»ؿչ롣ξôӣ̫ӶҺŪ
˼Һɫۻȹ˸ױݣҪȥξˡ
ס
ȥ밲
ɱ
žٳ֣Ѿ߾ڵء·ҽձ㷢㣡һ淣򷢸ūܴ´ɣɫ׺ݣٲ˳ܡ
һξԺС
ȷξԼ롣
һ鿴ͷƿˡ
Ҳ̫ˣ
ܽԺ˲ֹ
ȣɽˮݵľ洦ɼı¹ҵĻҹŶ̫ӲųԼõõĴ
ٻʧ䡣
̫Ӳˣ̫˰ɣԼǸλֻһأ
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ԼôԴԼ
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ʵԭţٻϵݲδظҸϾɱº֡ɽٻȥݲ顣ݲԳŮ⣬ܲܿųŮǣݼҡ
ҲԥݲҲԺԼ̸һ̸ûתȡʱ䡣ֻҪʱ䣬˵뵽취
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Ȼɲ۾棬ͨѹʵۺͳ͢Ҫ档ֻ˵̫ȥ긺·Уһ̰һ߰˲ٿְԿãʩ̫˾޴ʧˮʱ·٣˲ͼҲơ
ԣȥְ̫ͬʱ̫λɳ͢𳹲̫ӸʲԱ̫Ӹ˵ȼϽۡ
˵ʥּٻԺһĲٽ̫ӸѱһȺΧҪԿҪ˱ҪӡҪӣԼٰ͵ԡ
ԣǲûƭԼ̫Ҫ̨ˣ
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ٻܻǸԺС
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һȻһ˲䣬ȴԭǸΪҶҪ϶Ҫ׵ҪĹεٻ
Ҫģڽ׷״ȿԺļСԺû»ӣūŶûСٻ没ĲᣬΪٻԸӣΪٻ׵Ҫ˰
ݽϡֵǣߣΪ׵Ľһ֣ˢˢʮ˱뿪ˡûĶǷһ
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û뵽ʱմ˵Ĺ⡣еˡ
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ٻͷƤ飬ȴֻקǶϡ



407 ҧĿ
ӢǱѵġ
һʥּݣŻˡ
һ䣬˵κ˲ý̫Ӹ
ʲô˼
ŵöٻӾ仰æȥŴ뿪
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㣡Ӣ¼ˡҲ벻Ѿ˼ͷֻǱ˸طءһΣδػڼкЩ㲻Ҫ޲ҪޣΪƫƫٵ죬ûˣô죿
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㡭һֱΪ˴Ϣٻͷɹ̲סɹ

ӢӲݡһΪʱ򻹹ݣΪӸᶯȻǵﲻ᲻ǵġˣұȥӲˣҲ˵䡣ֶΣ˵ܴء
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֮࣬Ҳмҧгݡ
ٻξֵūŴ󲿷ֶˡֻ˼ˡ˳ӣҺ͵ˣʣ¼ǸɴֻġûָˡԺлĻԼЩɡʵȥѰūš
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Ӣ·δɣץţٴΰһٴһȫΪٻԼǣȴԸΪԼһ취ҪԨˣͷҲһ󼱺ޡ
ԶڽٰյξţŽ໥ϣĴһԹϣҲǾޱȡܶٻȥ̫Ӹܵԣȴû뵽ô㡭ǹҧһëȥĿɳҲ
˵ξǱߣҹɫһһ֮ʱȥѣˣҪҪȥ
ȥ𣿡ȴԽԽѡʱһֱšӡǸŮˣԶ㣡
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ģŵѡ֮ӡǣҪϣξء
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ξ֣ŵԼ

һ顣
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Ȼ
˸ϣ
ЦЦžͿˣ§ξ§סϣ
ξЦˡǵĹϵһˣ



408 ޵׼
̫ӵ̨ˡ
̫Ӹ⣬˸߸ߵΧǽ
ΧǽߣнҹѲء
˶
ʵ۲ɱ˶ӣ԰˶ӵɣĳͷ
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ĸɱͲʵۣλʵýƷȲɲλݳɣŶջأӴ˳˴ɡ
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λʺڹжõҲȫϳʺ߼ȫ
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ʵҲ۰շģһԺչ㣬ޡ޼ҿȥչжǵְ񣬱ʾԸԡ
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͢ķӦలϲζŶʱٲõĻʵ۵Ļɣ绢ల̬ȫ

ٰΧ󣬱ӡ
̫ˡ
ϵģػؽգ껡ĴȡٻͷĽҳ׷ɡ
һа̩ǰ;һƬһȥžԭôۡ
ֻɹɹ̫һ
ЪˣٳȥԺַ¡
֮ٻɼ졣

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ԽԽϽŪԽԽѡ
ոٰʱϢļޣⲻ̵ʵڱﲻסˣֻˡ
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ٰԹŶӵһֻۣδĵܵѹܣ
ٰ߳ң֮Ŵ˿ڡ
⼸죬һھڼңһûŰ
Բϣٿ˱ǵһɫĺ졣ֻɫв𣬵׻̫һϣģʮװɲĻӺͼӡϻֻľӣ߸֪ʲôһѶѣžˡ
ȫ޵Ļ׼ЩõģøϽȽѡˡȻҪŲȥƣû塣ⱻѡãøϽʼ׵ĴƷȱãõıȥʱ䲻ˡ
𼱱𼱡˵ٰһѾˡ
ôҪ·ĴƷáĹƷ׼ݣ׼ʮӶΪѰ˼ţ׼ʮﶬˣΣ᲻̫٣
ʮ˯ôǰ̫ӸŴ˰ӡȵȣҪʮɣǹƵʮģɱˡ
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ٰ죬üëļϽŰǲЩΪ⣬Ҳûˣ̫Щɣ̥Ҫ
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ʮǰȺŬҲûܼ޳ɵźض١˿̲ʧȥľʧȥˣźڣն١
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ΪΪ׼Ϊ޵ĻᶼûСǶγһźԼһûޣӦø﹢ڻɣ
Լ˸ùޣｫϣףԼƳȥ
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ϢҲҪúõ˯ˣڶյ״̬ᱻۡ
ٰҵڶռȲԼ˴ܣֲòμӿƾ٣Ҫ״̬ʲô廨Ҫ״̬
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ٰʲôʱƺôˣΧ֮ǰһһӡѲɱԼˣ
һʢضϣЩ֦ɢҶϾͼǣӻУԵøϽ
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ж㲻֪㲻ҲΪలǰɣ㲻లűȡЦ㽫Ҫ̨棬ҺռˡҧҧߣܲԿġ
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Ժ󲻻ˡలŴĸ֣û˺㡣ϻҪٰӣ˺󣬺־ȡ׼ˣݵϴģ϶ˣͲѧˡҪѧҲѧ
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ÿ࣬һ˲ԼµĴٻҲ˶ˡ㶼ûңٲ廨ѧա
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򲻹ܲˣô죡
ǽԼԺ˸깣ϣǽͷ
ûüǽ¼˫۶Լ
Сˤˡ
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ٰٴ뵽Ǿ仰û˸Ϲιʳ

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죬ƴųƺշˡ
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ٰŭ䲻ʾҪ˳ѡ
һۿŮҪųԺֵ˼֣λ۹˵ĹŮæΪŮѡѺοʽһŵӡ
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˵һ·ᳵװ⣬ʮ֮ڣܵ־
˶ʱ䣬˵ϣݲҲٰ۲ۣǲǱǣĶ˳ۣĶֻǷȱڼʲôѧҲԡݲҲŮһųȥǻǱҪͷ¶档
һ㶼ϣ뾩ǰŮֳΪǲ෹۵㡣ԣٰǺıµ⡣
ٰⳤ̾
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޻ܾûˡ
۽زһǺܼ򵥵ز뱻ֻҪɣ⣬ԡ
ⲻڼѰ˵ӡ


410 ִ
һŲǰʱٰС
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ܿ죬Ƿٰܵɽͤﴵȥˡ
ūȥץˣȴһƯķڻһȣֱͤܡ
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ưڿһԾ

һձУ˿̾Ȼˡ
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Żʵ֮ǰڿ佱ŮΪ׼ĸȫһźʵۼͣΪŮȡЩȨ档
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һ˲͹̣ѾͷԼԵԼոڴţ̫ˣ
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ٰ֪֣ȴ֪ô
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ûվ͵Ҳðڸ̬ȥǣ

һݼҡͬΪ̬¶లӺԼس֮Ůµ֣أҲǶԸԼ뱲ӵݲ͡
ʵ۶ݲϧݼҶŮѳ壬͸ġԼǶӺӺγǱԼ˵ˣһϣʵ۲ɶݲһۺͿͣͬˣݲһ
ټٰ꣬ҲԼѲϵԼ̽һҲʩˡ
Իʵһ˻˲ʹ͡
󲿷ֶǸٰġ
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Ҫױ٣
񣡡ݵͬ
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ϣҪѾͷϰ̰زƲſû
ݲѾͷһۡû˵ûʱŮҲһֱۿȥǶƭթĴȶϵһëΡ
ѾͷԣˡôһڣϵĶ䣬ֵȫƭߡ
ĿСҪסˡٰҪޣҪһӡͮξܿ飬һʡ֮Ҫסֿ˿ڵö಻٣ȫһǮ
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ٰϵԹ
еô˵ŮģҲ٣ΪҪ·ԵҵԺҲҪġܼҡ
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װʾ޴󣬾ݲܸġ
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ʵһ󣬲֪ټۡɻūŻʮˣ˼ӵԺСлʮˣڵٰ̣ȥలġ
ʵᡣ׾ݣôʵܡ
µݲٰ׼ױ
లݲǴܳ͢棬ôҲ·硣һǸˡ
ٰ飬ͮҲ飬⽫ϲ޼ˣһɡЩ˿һ£⸮ۡలһŪһŪϲЩзһˡװˣٹȲ衣
һƴһֺ±ôˡ
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ºȼɣٰ롣պÿԸԼĻʳ
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Ҵֵˣˡһ㶼ˡٰܵ˻ʵǱߡ
ʵЦ£ȥలơ֮ҵطԺȥͲˡ
ϣҵ֪ĶкóԵģУҪҪָٰģٴ¶
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ҪԼסĵطɣ֪֪ˣϲߡ
ȥʰ¹Ӳŵĳ
˳㣬ţ˳㿴ڡ


411 ҲͲȱ
లλڱǶߡ
ǽ⣬ֻи߸Ĳ԰¶͸Źӣǲ
Ųżʵ۱ü
ŵ޵ùζڲǽǶ˺ɫùߣ·ʱ֩
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ʵۺҽһˡ
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ۣСûܵĵء
Ų֪լӺƬɽյأ㹻ʮƥСҰˡ

һһһҲѰ©һǿʽȱ˵ǳ磬ǲġ
ʵۺݲһֱۣӿ˺Ϸ
Ӧҽɽ˵Ƕиһ˿һۿȥֻó̦޺һ
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ɡץץͷ벻ʲôӵˡɨڣµʱ䣬ӿ϶ûãһ˿ڶ񻯡
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磬ξ˵ߵѾ͵ߡ
죬ʵ̲סξ䱰ɰԳ衣
ξһӡ
ãˣܶ⣿㣬ϲʵأٻˡ
ٻԺУһƬ
Թ붼ûϴôԺǽߣζг档µҲǶһ裬ϴ϶ѾһңȴԸȥʰʱɽе˼˲ʵʵĻϡ
ξԼ䲻ϲٻȷʵδڵѡξѹʲôƾ껶ٻĺޣעгͷ
ξûԼŪ껸ȥֻ㡣˿̵ĸУõҲԽԽ٣껵鷿ֻɨһΣĻָٻ
ǸŶԺӣһͺöȲ÷գܹ֣ԺҲܹò
ûֱʵ
ξٴξãԼϹˣŻ˶צ


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֪ӲŰٴθ֡
ٻܣƢûתߣҲҸҽĻҡ
ٻһٴԼɻԼԽԽٵĽ˰æԥ֮С
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ŽֻҪͳȥЩӱǱꡣ³֮Ըٸһʳ͡



416 ͬ
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417 嶯Ĵ
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ʱͷ˼ǣӢΪЩĴȺٻ߻ݸ߲ȵʸ֦͸ԵѵԵࡣ㽫ǶʱΪӢã·ˡ
һ㣬μҧְȨμȻû취λ̫ӵڶ࣬ʺڣѱ˷ѡ볯ôЩ꣬Ͽû۵㡣ץסѱһӢˡ
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ٰЦˡ


418 ֻΪ
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ͻο
ŮҪˣûв᣿ȥ˵ڸʮһµװɣ
ᶯˣҺҲˡ¾ͼޣ
ޡ



419 ջ˫Թ
ٰϣμҹȻˡ
ͷһӦľ̫
һӣȫֵۣӢ̬ûǰǰϽŬܿǣǺӼˣ˴˭˭Ĵ⬣ԤУŪҲǸ
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ĴǰջţҪûؽӣֻٰܵˡҰοͳݼҵĿžôҲὫݼԺֱƵ˭롭
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ԭܿóԸ⸨Լ±Ϊԭġ

ԺͳֻйɩϵҪԵ˵Ļɩɩ
Ѿͷţ



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421 Ǽ
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ο竡ҪʲôȣλŮǰչʾǫǫ֮绹ǺҪġ¹
⣬ٰͳһѾ͸Ӯˣⲻǲ棿ⲻҪ֮⣿۸ˣǶˣҪصá
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⣬ܿŶӮҲҪⳡľΪʲô
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422 ˭۸˭
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ٰ΢΢Ц˵Ҫ㻰ƺòãܲԶšԣλүƺòãͦ󣬵Ŷ
һ㶡ѾԼѿöӡ
ãϵһ˳һǿϵȥٰǵôһӣԩͷ
ˣǸոٰС˵㻰Զš֮˱ˣôˣʵ˰
ٰ˸Ѿɶ˵ƺûκš
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ЦȴΡ
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治ٴȷϡ
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ӼƣҲ¶̲סģУ
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˵ˣһ㣬С㵽Ϊֹ
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ٰ֪򣬳һʱ˭ȿ˭䡣
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423 ȫҵ
ٰˬؽԼǰѴ򿪡

ȻҲû뵽˻һģһ֣ػؿ˺ü顣
ٰͻȻЦҵ׻ǲ氡ȻŲү˲үĹˡ˵ĳսʲôأСǳñƭ
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424 Ǯ治
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ݲôһƣԷҲûޣֻҧݲٰͨӡ
֮ķȫٰԤ֮С

ĴȷʵǸǧɵʱ˵ǱǶҺĲϣԺҪΪϣڵǰٻӢĺãϣͽ⣬ٻӢ»عݼҡٰһ˵Щ˵ˡ
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427 ҲҪ״
֪ʱʼöٰѳ˸
һ˽֪ȱǮšĹһóôȥˣȷʵû˲塣
һֱϴļһɫѿ
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ԻһڱμҸϽ̫̫Ź˵ϥǴϻһ˵ԭ
ȻżμңΪҪ˲



428 յ
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Ϊμҳ˸Цһһ仰ǰװæʮ꣡ϸϵ涼ˣЦˣĴȺμҴٻ֮Խ⣬µǱԽƿЦ
ЦҵţҾͲμôŲɣʱҶμ¾װʲô
ٰʹ¶ƵǸ
˵ĵˣѶ԰ɣҾãμҰֲϣҿ˳۶ˡ
̫һߣٴͷ
ٰĵǾƽӴǡ
ˣ˵ĴԺ󲻻ô
μҼ£Ͳòˡ
ٰͷ
˵Ȼɣ
ٰǡ
ҲˡСɣкμ̫̫ɡǻ˱Ϳ͡
ǡ
ٰ֪ûصԼԺ˵̫ү˼ӸСðæ
ٰ˻һ
ǧҪ˵ҵҲ֮С
᲻ỹб£
˴ȥ˿ԣš
СֱͷЩūţҪʮѣʨӴ󿪿Ҳ˴
˭˵ǳˡ˵ҵͷѣҾͰҵһ档
⴫ȥ
ȥġ̫±״ֽС治ƽϡ˵ҵΪμұøλЩƣԭѾ£ټμ˸òҩǮسɵƷúýǿʹĨģôأ
ǻȰ˵ֱٰҡͷ
ҸǶⲻҪ󣬲Ҳ˻ˣȻװ׵кιǵģȥɣۡ
ã̫ţӣؼٰҲ֪Ҫҵ˵ʲô
ȻԺ̫ԼҪѪ
Ȼŭȴҷ˭μҵһֽ״ڽ̫ɽǰѾݵ˳츮ûأû֡
̫̫
ݲŮŽԼôȫֻλһ㲻̫̫
˹̸һӡ
ԭ̫̫ҪΪٻ
Ĵ˵ٻʱʵ󣬱㶯˼뽫ٻӳӸ
̫̫˵ݲһ¾취ġֻҪȥʵ۸ǰ󣬺úõŮܻиǰ̡
ݲ
ľѳۣܻȥ
̫̫ĺݣȰݲ̲סֱԣԭʵɴ˿̲ˡѾ껵ˣ
ԭٻΪԼĴٴθ˴ۡ
ǽǱһ˻𣬳ĴȾȥҲͰˣʵ֮Ū˸˾֪
Ӣ׾پߣ޽ӡ
ôٻҲôߣ
ٻֱķʽȥٻˣĹⱲӶ뿪
ݲһʱ֪ˡ
ʱζӳ£һ̾뵽ٻ븮ǰĽ˵ĿɲǾ䡰껵ˣĹǣ˰ҪԼиġ
ԣˡֻǸ檣˵ĸƷⱲɶ껰󶨡լ£ξӦɡҰﲻ
ʵݲѾаٻˣÿ껳ʱʱֹ
·ԼҪߵİ˺ܶˡ

ٰЩҲ˺һ
ˮתٻξȥʮ꣬û뵽˿̵ȫξӻˡ룬ǰĵ̫ǰͷ̫ȴҪ۲ܼЩı䣬Լ
ı仹ڼ
һͶˡ
ģҡġ
һҶдǣݵ¡
ǻ顣
ĸﰵٰ֣һ·Ҳٰ֮ٴα˷˼⡣
ʵ۳ҶʹͣԸлٰд֮١
֪λһõݶСһƽãõõ˻֧֣ɰƴʦ֣͢ܡ
ٰԴҲ
ûʲôĲ֮˵ˡٰĴҹµر˶෬ѣò״ճ
˵ͷһֹܿҲˡٰͷ¶Ҳôڴ壻νġ෬ѡҲȾͬȡľžŰʮһѲࣻġ١ˡڼ󡱣ǰջ켣竻ҲΪ˶һЩƿ
ֻʱĹ߰类ˢһ㣬Ȼһ¡һȦȫºͶ
Ȼٰ仯ܴһΪƶ
ƣϵڰƲǻʵ۵
ոһնԳ֧֡͢жӵ⣬ôһӭలŲĹݺʷе˶Գ͢ѹలɡ
ܿ죬͢𣬾ǸؽʮͬݶСϸҲ⾩ҲῪʼõ޽͢ԱӻԾ뵽ƿĳＯ֮С
ٰϢʱֱ֣а˷ְգʵ۸˳μҡǰ㣬ζƿľųɶ඼μң
Ҳ̫Цˣ
ô£ͽһֻʹ޶
ٰһϢЦˡ
õ֣á
е̡
ʹݲ֪Ƶ飬ʵ۵׿ϡ
ݵܸˣ
׻ˡٲΪˣֻԽԽ󲻹˭ĸг֮ˣĺãĶ顣õĽȫŬ㹦²С
ݲսֱ֮ͦϣЩһ۸ڶ佫ͷҲ΢Ц档
ң˵ˣõĹǽȣһšݼҵĴҫˡҲҪ㽱٣
̫ˣ
װǣǱ£
ٰˡ
ڸ鰡ôϣһȥôƶԼҪʺҪͿڱ֧
ٰЩͬʱҲüϵĵӺء
м˲䣬ֵÿʼһֵƻˡ
ٰԵٸǰĲۡ
εóȼΪǵıӻ˾ˡҩ֡ƾ١
ôų
Űǵٰʿˮˣֻüƺ˼
Ϊ˲ǲǵʲô
кѣСЦԺﾭȥðæǡ
˵鷳ǣ

Ϊμɣٰݵ˶סμҡ
ȥ̫Ͳˡ
ÿսüΣ˵ṥģòᡣμҵĲƺЩѣüĲҵйϣҪתμһӾ͵͵ٰκ˵ûѰˡ
ల뾩ˡ
ʵ۸˺ܴųȥӭӡ
̩ͻһλүԴӣλһͬӭȫݲ׼׼ҡ
లᳵװĻƸ
ʮ˱첼컨εƸһ·¸עĿ
ݲܵº⡣
Ϊ˴󷽣һ·̸
ڹ
ٰ˾ǹŮδ֣أǹ׼Ļ
ʽ룬һױŶׯ١
ۺ󶼺⣬Ů
ٰҲ⡭ȻװЩж̫㣬ζǹ׼ģֱӴߡ
ͳЩĳ鱦ʵᷳ


429 뾩
ڵȴ֮Уٰʰ˼ҲЩ
ٰձҳϲüɻģɳѾͷյţȴǽ˸ա
ٰҰοշѾͷһԼ
ɩĸлģ

ͷһ빬
㱼䣬Զʱ췭ظĸıϲҲʵ
ϡͿŮһɳ죬ԼϡͿ檳ޣϡͿٴУǰϡͿھ
ҲԵʵ̧٣ֳμ˺Ժĵ䲾ְ䲻ߣȴҪϸϸ֮˵ǽ˻ʵ۵ĹȦ㣬ǰ;ɹ
ֻҪݼҲల𣬸ҵǰ;һƬֻʱ⡣⣬žаγְ̫˿ȱ̫үҲطֵĻᡣ
֣ý׼׼ǰĸϽ
ⳡϯĲߣһӣǺǻףӼ˵ĸΨֻв©ܲսսձ
ףŮΪֳҲκν̫ǰҲҲƴڻλ̫̫ϲЦտӲԭķΧ͵ɡ
δȬʺϳӭҲһĵҲٰ˵Цô϶Ц
̫һˣָٰ˶Ҳ̫͵ļвƷ
⣬ڽɳżҲ˵ϼ仰
飬ڸϸǰٰڴޣҽϰƽʾԺÿʮջҽǰһΡ⣬ٰͷһ֧ҡͬʱҲ˽¸һͷ
ƺһ¾Ůܹԭˡһʹ;ͺܿɹ۰
뵽˵ױʱݲЦٰǼֱԣѾͷϣ˽ӣ˵治ʲô
һָͷ
һǧࡣܻỨӡ
һ򡣡ԣˡڼĹСıӸλĳسҪü֪òøˡ
ңʲôˣÿػĶǱ˵Ӻ

Щţݲ˵
⻹Ǳعơͳƾ˵Ҷһ㲻ɡ
ô֪ΪݳӴŮǮׯͽӡ
Ӳ໰ʣȱٹ۲
ݲ䲻ŮǮƣҲû
Ǯ࣬ѹûҪ͵ʲôߣĴǮİϷֻǵһǮׯ̫࣬ǡվסˣԲŻڸǮׯһӡȰȫ͵
Ұȥü͵ꡣӲÿػֻۣݲ軳ܶҵ
ǣ㲻û򷿲ûˣаݲһ㲻ŮǱ¡
⣬Ѿͷÿ¾ͻȥӡˮǴߣֺܻᴦϵھкܳԵÿĴơʹֵͣһ㶼˻ֱӻӣشû
֮ǴûǮΣƼеλƱ
Уǰջ˵ݲɲֻŮὫӮӶˡ˵ǧֻҲǧ١˵ƺշҲ˺ü󡭡
ԣݲ䲻֪Ůжӣ϶ܶˡ
ԵͷŮ͸һӣǿ㻨
˿̼ŮڸȨߵ࣬ڵĿʱʱŮϣϸο
Ůһúܺãһᣡ

һߣٰһֱڹ۲ڡ
飬ĿȻҪ̩ϡ
̫һ̩ϣˡ
ȸ̩С˿Ȼϣϵ̡Ȼ뷨߽
ٰ֣ߵúܽǰһ˵లˡǻӣһ˺йͬԡڳԱ˳ŵģ
˿̣˵
˵ʲôأһٰ
㣬ﻭһ񡣡
Ӧˣ
š
˵Ӳ׸˻񣿡
˭͵͵㻭ϹأҽѵˣǷ飬Ȼðһ
㡭ΪҪ㻹ȱһ˵ԺԶǧ˼Ҫο壬Ļʦ񰡡
ս̫ӵˣšҲ뱻̩ӪҲ̩ûϲΪలΪȥ̩ޣһλӶһõĽ
ԣҽŸϴװʦ۹ŸЩװϵĽ顣ϲĹӣ뷨٣ȥ˼ˡ
ʵֹˣʮһԼҲӦˡҶлһͬʣģվӣϿҲġ
ЦգҴձȬұԸѧˡƽæµΪ۳Ͷ٣ԺÿȥѧΣ
ٰݺݵۣ㻹Ƕɣ
Ҵ㣬ǵÿճĴɽˮΣһ˼֮࣬㲻þڼпôҾ룬һ飬Щ໥䣬Σ
˵ɡ˼Ͱˣȥֵǲɡǲ֪òദ
లԱ뺷һ棬ǸˡԼܰƽٰ̲סһ̾ڴЦ
ģһݼڣ
һȴٰڼԼ׼ţʱ
ల뾩ڽֵӵ¡
ųҲǻӭƴҪһٰ۵ķ˼⣬ˬҲڳУǴ󷽷Ӣˬ
ˣ˶פر߹صٰ׼žʲôģ
ͷϵŮ㣬ȣûһմкһ˺øС
ӵŮӢȻԴȺﴫ֮ԽԽ࣬ǸոպãٰĴÿڱ໥ȫలĿڱھҲһ
ĻŽ˺üյٰڼһ͵Цһڷ
ȫϲٰϸ˲ٻ
ûһ㿴ᣬº⻶ϲ֮лимΡ
ûһֱ׵ص̬ҺϲٰϱҺ⡣
ļһలһнӡ
ȫϿɡ
Դˣʵۺܸˡ
㣬Ҳնٰһ̧١
ҲкϢڻģ֧ల²󣬶Ѳһ壬ӵжԼ٣˱లƻ㹻ʱ䡣లȡ϶֮ǰϼʮ
ʱʹĴ
ʵȻˣలһͰޡ
ϯΧƵĶٰĻ¡
Գ͢µӺͰȫûʾΨһĶȢϱʣǰ㶨Ҫȫһ飬ź
ʵ۶Ļ̬⡣
ϸǿġ
Ů⡰Զޡ߼ޡһֱͷһ˿з֣أŮͣܵѾɵ̶Ըٰͳһ飬ͷǵźֻһ˲ʧˡ
ãŮԲˡԸ
ǸˬˣŸþϵ̸Żϵ֡
ڱ߹سйͬԡƵĹ˹ϵ˲١ֶиĲף˸мϧĬ
һζʮûؾʳ
Ӧձǰ硣
ȻӦʡ
ϸ̬ԸھǸߣܾǴɫͷ顣
ʵ۴ˬֱԲܳԺ֣ھпɻҸ
лȻҪлģǻΪѰԵలྴ
ʵ۾һ࣬ʱలҲвӣҲסҳЩలĸҲһʧ
ĻҲ׷ױ̬లһձǿ²ǴܵĹ٣ǳ͢Ͱ֮
Ǽ־ƺ󣬻ʵЩˡ
͸ΪһɲʣýýѡͷʱƶĻʵһ˷ܣӧ
Ҫ˵ýˣޣ˭ϦһϣΪ˸˴ͻ飬޴¡ܾԭٰ־ڱصõĻʺ̫ӡһۣϸϸ֮ϦǶ˶֮ղΪý֮ѡ˭
ʵҪýˣȻá
ȣֱԾһ£ɲǵһ⼸ձˡ
ʵӦˣֱӣǰס
ݲҲˣôĶ衣ʵǵһθýһǻʵ̬ǻü
ɲ֮ɼЩֻʽǼ򵥡
ʵۼȻý֮Ȼζ֮ÿһлʵ۲룬ɣ˷ѻ˺䶯ǵЧӦ
ٰԼĴ鱻ŵƺƴװףЩ鷳Щ˷ܡ˿̻ʵ۸ҫԽ࣬ల˵ԽȫԺԼû͵ඡ


430 ʧ˶
లǸһˡ
ڻʵۿĵط󷽣ֱˬȻ
˺ܺദҲܲ˺øС
ദúܲ
ھĵڶ죬˱Լɽͷˡٰͬ
˵һʼʧΪУֳ֮СƢǵ˻ĸھԱҵԧסޣңڡ
װǶڽõĹУܿпܵĽʡ
ɽҶ˿ǿ֮ʱɽҰƬĺ쿰Ȼ棬ڰţ˳Ժֶܾˡ
˼ǸãҲˡ
˵˲ӻ״˸ͷ˿ǡ
ڶûгߣܶطԽöͷͽд֣ô÷λֻϸЩ۸ٰλҲֻܴ򷣣һ֡
񲻶ֻ࣬Ҳþȥ߶šǿԣŶӦЩлᣬԵ𡭡
ˣⲻӦõģ֮˵ô˵֮áЩ˼߰Ĺض࣬ϱ˾ײûң˿ڣǻϲˡ
٣ʮ궼ٰΪ˿϶Ůȴܾһ顣
˵ٰҲܾؼңǾûźˡ
ڶҲϲֻҪԸ⣬ʱأڽá
Ŀԣ
ȻġʵСסĻҲ⡣
ϲҲֱԱ̬ὫٰϱὫŮٰĵǽǧల
ڶ͵ͷϿ֮ˡЩֱӻΪలǶ֪ǺܸжܳΪలϱǸңڶһ㡣ǺúùӣҺڶ
Ͽٰ
뾩Ƿ򸾶սս˭Ҳȷǰ;Ρڶݣ¶ûͷҪöలһֱ̫ӻʺǵ£̫ˡ
ٰĳʵڰǴæ
ڶ֣ôͽలǰ·ϰɨల򸾼ֱм㡣
ϿϱٰలĲѡڶ赺ϣֱǾ䡣ţڶ¶°빦绢
Ļϲ
һ·ϣӲ־ʱա
ϱ֮ǰĻ˻ҪÿЩ۾峺ϣźܽˣʵȴǸмƽϺж֮ˡһٰ뵽Լʱܲϲ
ٿﶼǣ̶ȷͬһ㡣ôһھŶӣܷˡ
ĸǳҹ̸ࡣϸϸչȥָٰ˼۰ӱʾԺలĶǶϱί
ԥ˺þãΪ˳ԶΪ˷һΪ˸Զǧĵ͸ףҲ뿴̬ȣٰơ֮°ڰ˵һ㡣
㾪ԭء
°ûڣΪ˶˲ϲ͵ǣҪͷЦڣȴһ䡣
£Ҳ㡣
ʲô˼
괺죬ﵣȥСס⹫ãలԽãΪ˶㲻ֻǱܲźá
ԣաΪ͢ʱѡõһ졣
ÿ㲻֪ѹ˶ΰ֣ƽƽһȾԼСʵΣ
ǱԨԡˣ졣ˣһУԨ

ҺŻˡ游ȼ֮ܲ͢дԳȥСҲҺһֱ竷εԵ֮һԽܣԽȫలҲŸȫ
֮ĸĬˡ
Ƿģǰ·ôߣ
˳Ȼֻµѡ
ڶ°ȫҪ㱳ϵలɱҰĳͷһʧǧǧల
ģ׵ġ
һתЦȺú׼飬ԺԺ˵ֻҪûбǶֻոյ̸
ǣ
ĸ˹ʶ¾ƽõĻ£ᡣ漰Σʹ֣ʱصȫԸ
ٰҲϲ
¸ɴ䣬ƢܺϣٰԸ׼ͬгš˹ɽ뿪ϻؼϢⲢٰ£˹ӣȥ˲飬ȥϷ԰һ⣬һǾˡ
һ˯
𴲲ã׵ľˡ
ʵԶһԻ㣬˵ԭδ½˺ңֻͬǰҪΪ˵Ϊ㣬һ˺üʱ
ٰ֪Ϊ˹ʡ
ģݲЦһټŮҲ⡣
ʵ۶ʱ˽ˣһΪۡһýС£ȴΪô˻ʶ˭ø̾ݲȨĽһ̡
ж˶̾Щʱ飬ȻûЩٰΪǿװױһܼӵôһɽ
Ҫ˵ڵģˡ
䱻㣬󲿷Ϣղƫƫнݲ£¹ݼҵ֣ǶܻٽһЩ
޵ģٰŮݲеķô㣬Ůбߵôߣ
ޣٻôЩ꣬ȻһֱôһݲĵӡЩٰ֪
˼ȥ󣬾ٰ֮Իʮа˾ŻΪٻǸõĵսĴǸѹȵĵĸãΪٻǣϵġ֣֮ɺޣ
һεģеٻϡ
ٻҲѧˡ
ÿˣЩȡȻҲٲܻᱻ껴ϼ¡
ÿճϴ棬Ǹ䡣
ÿնӢߵǸǰԶĻ̳ߵűӪȡ
տʼٰݼʱἤ
Ҳľˡ
ԽԽĵȴУӢ׵ĺҲһģúģȻûһԺ⺰һ֮˶ޡ
κϣ
ξԼһȣֱ֮
κϼÿͻ̽һξ
Ȼһǽȫ𣬽ֻǶЩϻԼԼԼĸоȴٻĽѡ
ֻٻ֪κ֮ǽǲ̸ߣҲݲʾ¡ٰ֪ξϵпɣԱһ۱һۣôķ㡣
գٻκʱȻӦѯ
κֻһ䣺úõġ֮󣬱㲻Ӧ
ٻˡ
Ҷúõģֻ
ξǰһӢ֮㲻ٴˣŷûξӦڸиӴ粽С
ٻ֪κϵԲֻ仰ǡûء
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ɣĸ֣ȥôڣĴȵǣӡǿȣָ췭ظϢʧԣǶ̫̫˵⡣
кµļҾȥǼû˵ȥ
ȥӢСӷһŭĲŮˣ׷Ӳ˵׶Ҳ˵ڶ ʲôֻûˣ
ӢĴûбá緢˿̼£צòŰͽ˼ѧ
ֻϱˤ˸ϡãÿնץ޲Ҫ衣˲΢ôһ㣬ﲻˡͷ¶һţúñأټʲôģ⣬һƱ
ǣǺǡ

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ֱˡ
˺Ƿţ׺
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μ˽¶ĴҲкܶۡ
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μ¶Ĭ˭ҲĴȡ
ٻͻȻκϲ׻ӦԵʡһȥɱʲô
£ٰ֪ˡ
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μҰȣμҽʮҲûĴȳŹ
һգӢ˼ìܺ˼ûע⡣
ٰȥżκϡ
ŮָݲӦκĸҲ˵㽫֪Ĵȵʧһ顣
ٰͷԣֻȥѰһ顣
ȷ̫ˡ
ĴӦ뿪ˡ
ȥĶ
ٰʵڲ
ȻٰҲûʱȥĴȡ
Ϊתѵʮ£ѽе˵Ĳ
գలƸ飬ɻý˴յλȫˣԼƸƸ˽
ǻʵ۽յĵεֻǳƸ飬档



431 ûߵĿ
Ǻ䶯ǹ˵ų
ల׼ƸǽǾһլԺǵط½ģڶ֪νһ޴ϲˣСڲԼլӣһɢıء
ǧʮ˵಻࣬˵ٲ٣ó֡˽£ǵŸٰø֪ǲǲģϲòӡ
һת˽µٰһֱǸ˵ģԸúš
ҶȢϱʵΪλȨ֮ˣʱҲ˱ʾֱǧˣٰҲǧʮ
ల뾩ʱصЩƸҲ¶档
һкн֮ﱻͽ
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ݲϲľƺ±ӣݵţ󷽷˽


432 Ľٰ
ٰߵʱ̫ۿԽԽæ
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ûͲʵ䷴һ˳ˮۣҧҶΪλô֣Ϊ˶ԻҶ˸ֱȥ˻ϣҶһŪȥӵұô죿
ӴҵģҲַˡҪôҵʱ䣬ҪôԼ㶨
ٰȾˣһģǷ˾



433 첲
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437 洵Ļ
ڹطǿӶĲɺϣǻˡʧ󣬶ܰֻǰġ
ܰͽᡰáֻã˿ȴһըˡЩ꣬Ҳմⲻ١ĸûʵǿŹ̩ң˿̻֪һͿá֣ܰԼӲˡ
һϬ
ãҵãû𣿡ܰͬΪѡȴһֱû֨λøϸǰⲻҲã÷ãɼȻãôѡˣ
ܰڣð𣬶Ǹϳһ㣬㣬ܰһЩš
С㣬ã㣬Ǽ˶յˣأ
ܰһۣһ̣δʶ
ʶָ֣ܰۼ⣬ǰһקһֻӱ¶˳ӣòɣ
ǲǡⲻʲô
߱ÿ˳
վǴ߼ҳ¶ġǼˣûҪʲôλ
ֻպúñ֣¾ֻ죬˵ͱ˭ˡúÿԱҲ뷨˰Ҳ˺ѡΪ˲̫ۣİȷʵȫǱ簲ŵġ
ոܰǰŻˡΨֱ£ʶڣϷ¶ˡ
׼Ҳ𣿡Ҳѹ벻ǣм¼ǴӹгܹмѭġȰ˵ʵ
֪߱Щģʱ棬Ϣòһ硪
Ҫô˵ᰡ
ûзϣԶ׼
ٰ״Ҳȣ֮ϲˡƺͳżܰΪǹﰲŵģλСġż͸λѡӵĹⰲ˹й¶١
λãǵļͰСܰžñϾˣٻЩôԱЩѹթһթ
û뵽
ֻԿۣõģǱβ࣬ҽաֻô˵˵Ǳƺϴ塣
Ц»աΪ֣ʱʱεáλѡλǣⲻ֪ȵĴˣ׷
ϻʲôүˣٴİ𡣡Ϸôͣͷһر衣ռһӲΪ˵˱˿ᡣ
⻰ûʵ۴ϧӲ̨棬״£ռҷǣǿʮˣԲù޽ۡ
£ֻ´ˡ
ҲԼҪˡһγְٿĪζûҪͣҲ֪˭Ƚͣһȥ͡
Խǽԣˡ
ȻĽѹûҪ
˭ѡ⣬ǿ϶Ǻѡ˵⡣ʵѱĪ£ˡ
Ȼת˲ͷŭ嵽ʵ۸ǰͷ꣺̣ûϯˡ϶׼Ůˡ
ͷƢʵ֪ôֱȴǸ˸̨ѾܸӣʱʵȻ֣мֶԲס
ռҵλǶʵһӦл࿴¡һ٣ԼӵĻƶʹ˹Ц˭ŭ
ʵ¶µûţֻһˡ
ʵֻü䰲ο˵Щ˳˻ظ
ƻգ۵С۵ĵУʵһ̶ˡ
ӣԼԼƽ޲ˡΪ֮ʵͷۣȥˣ˸ռ͵㶫ȥ̫ˣ
ʵһߣǱҲˡ
㻹׼ߣٰȣΡ
ٵȵȣϷûҰſˣȥøβٰűоơżĻ߰ɡ
ҧҧһĵٰбյ
ʲôٰһӾƶȹˡ˵ƲϲҪȹģӡϴ
һڲǱס
ߣһ׺లռҪȥల涼ûˡ
ۼҪֱͣһֻ棬תʹ뿪
ٰſڡ
లñˣҲֻˡ
ߵҲˡ
һд

ôͣҪͷ㸸ʸѡʲôЩ걾ΪٵĻû뵽ôҡܰң̩˭ԲˣҪ˴
Ժ£ҲˡУҽ̩ûڣЩֱЦ
˦ߣ̩ϸϽϣʾ͹ع
ŭʢܰҲˣߣû
ܰ߻Թ̫ʧˣ
˴Ҵ뿪һϱ¶Ц
ֻҪƣ˭ѹͲ⡣֮ʮڻڱˡ
ܰʧʮԿʵܻõģֻҪ̩ܲԿ
εȷܣɵȻӦŹͼ֮⣬浱ϡҪô
⣬סǰֹٰػ˼䡣ȻǾڲٰֻܿĴ顣Ҳһʾױ
ٰϲЦտ͹
̧°Ϳ㻹ʱزԼı
⻰˵ģûǮֻ뷨ñˡʲô취ƫе˻һȹӣ㲻֪
ôǮһʲô
һֳ߳ʹ£Ϊ˲ˣֻò鲻ԸʾԼһ
ٰûӦȥĶ
ôأίͰ֪͡ҪȥĶ֮øɩռͶˡ
ĺðɣٰڱҿɶˡЩ¶ʵģҲԼģͲ֮˵ùŹҲ޴֡
һжɸɾ볤򶷵ǼҲͱ뾩޼Ѱ¹̩ǰ;ôҲй¶һ֡
Ϊ׵ָֻٰɸɾͷβûκβټк֮ǣ˭Ҫ淢Ҳֻû֤ݵġߡ
෴ջƺͳ飬û׬ô
ܲ⣿ΪӶõһΡ
Ҽǵãϴγ¼֮㱣֤ٹˣڱغһۡôôæأ
Ҳġⲻ粻ֹҺúüţһҰæɼ֮󡭡
֪㰮²ɣڽڣһץ֣ú׼°ɡûˡܾԼһֱأģ
øҵ
æ
һߵĵУʵ۹һߣһֱĻһλѡҲϽǡ
ĸŮҲȥͬ뿪
ֻϢλѡֻʣǸ߱á
޿ǰɵ㶵ӣȴһƿˡ

ڴһʱ䲻֪ȥҸʽͣȥѰ
£ͻȻʶ˸Ĳ಻һ㡣
ˡ
λԿܡίĹﶼõһĲ
ʵ˽ڡ
һ̸ʾޣʵۣܷԸΪʵӦˡ
˵ڽס˳ʵ۵һ󣬲ûоԼᡣ
ɷȲΧĸʱʵ۶ǵӦжǡɩԸΪ˿ƺһʵǽ¼ʹڶ޳µƿȨ
ֻٺЦĻûˣҵȻҲá£Ϲң˵գˣ뿪ķ򣬴Ǵ
ˡͶŸװȷʵܲųѾͷҰˡʮ춼ߣ˻ÿһζס
ϧ̫࣬Ҫ׼£ȷʵÿա
ܰʵۺ͹Щȥίʵ۵˹УٴˣԤ̫񲿣˵ֱܰȥ̫Ƕ˵
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳȥ̩ʾԼͿˡԸȢܰʾԼ֮ǰĻֻƵĽ͸ʵ⣬ҲΡʡˣûܰʺҪֲʧ
ֻϧԸ⣬βԸȴ̩ⷽˡ
ǸˡǾܾ̩İ˵ռ̩֮ġϵԽֵѡƣȫǻʵȻ𣬵ڼ䣬Ͷûһ̩ʧ
ĺõܵܣУҲòˡˣ뷨ȥƣƲסɱŪĳ챻ɽ
ǣôҲû뵽׵ܣܰʲˡܰҲǶ̬ȴ䣬涼ˡ
һˣһҪõİ˸Ҳ
ȥ̫ǰʱ̫ĻҲޡѡֿԣֱѡǸÿɷҪǴ
ڱֻñʾٵȵȡ


438 
˻ʵۼΣʵ۶û
Χ֮ʱӱüʧֳ֣¡θôС¶ãʵȻʧ
ʼ˷˼ٳšʵٴʰҵӦ궼ȫˡֵһ°
ʵ̩ͻʵ۶ڰʵǣˡˣ綼¶档
Ŀ˵ĺѧ̥ǡ
ռѡյĵڶӭ˻ʵ۵١
үʵ۹˵һʱһ󣬱ո׵´˳ʵȥ˲񹧺أ;һƬ
֮ý⡣
ܸˣݼңٰ֪ԭ˼Ϊ˴֣Ȱ˵ռҿ֮⡣游Ϊǿڻʵۿǰ쵽˻ʵ۸ǰֱŮ
ԭʸ񲻹¼ռҹѻҵɡ
ʵּүӲģҲǸӣҲֻý˼˻ȥ
Ǹ⻹ڵģΪƵĲʾԷ֡
ˣռĿĴﵽӽԶңֻרǵˡ
游ҪȲ衣߰ɡٰ
ȥ
˵̣ģġ游ֻл㡣˼Һﶼݼл㣬֪ûǰ̫ۣɡֻһˡ
л游ɣٰſϣѱӡ
ҼҸ׼ء
ȥңҾͲȥˡ
ôˣﶼջˣҲȡ
ٰҡƼ磺ұˣˣˣҵһα㣡ڴ֮ǰҶˡǷҴˣ
ļٵģٰ֪ԺӺֱͨߣСܴȣһȥü˫۾˹
ۣȫ
Ȼȥˡ
Ц
ԭ˲֪Сݲȴġ
вʮͳɻ飬£С
ǣݲ㡣
ԭٰ˼Żǰպú÷ŷһѣºˣֱ˼С
ЦɥΪ˰Ҷ㣬Ȼ㡣գ㡣
㲻׼£
ʦָ;游˼ǲżߣȴٳɻ顣ǻ¶ꡣʱ䡣
ôһ˵ٰɥˡ
ȻֻġҶдʱ֣ûС
չУĥ˵ʵ۸һʱġڡʱҪúöΣϢȫջء
ĥҪҪԸĨһвáϵˣĹ˵ʲôûгڡ
ܻɣ뻢ں󣬻ôڡ
ᶨҪǰúˣ֮ġɣûˡ

˵㻰ÿնǰˡ
ҲԵ治һʱÿնһȺܰҲˡ
ٰ͸鹷ƤһƤܣÿһ
ֱٰԣΪһĺ֮¡ҲӦʲôҪģҵһ򲻲յ¡ӽΪ̩Ȱ㻹ǸϽЪͷҾܾңǲ졣
Ͳü򵥵㣿л㣬⣬һˡҺܸˣҲ׽Щ
̩ȷʵܰӽٰ˼Ҳϲ͸лٰٰͦʱͻȻĽˡ
ٿٰߵȫÿģҲرҪôһѡ
Ա棬ȷʵٰá
ٰϲֱӵˣԲܰˣҽѡ
֪ܰй˼ɣǵ֪Ǯɣܵ׬ǮҶЩ롭
ססҾһ˼ңҿɲ
㲻Ǹ˵Ҫ޻ӣҿ԰㡣
ҲáҵԼ뷨ӣͷҡ
㻹ûסҵ˼ǣҸ˰㣬Ҽ޹ءҲӡкܶӡҿͶǮ㿪ӣ漰ҼҡǮھпϸʮҡ
ˡֱԣ̫ˡٰЩ޴롣Һ¡ֻڿӸ
ûУֻѡ˵ȱǮ
ٰôûôȱٿʮӵǮеġ
аɣ㿼ǿǣҪӵĻֻҡ
ܰˣҶҪ֧㡣ȸİþǧɡ

ʲôƴ֣
ѾͷÿǸŮģɡ
ѹʧ֮תϣô۱裬˭Ҫ
ϧˡ
ٰãʶܰűԼܰˡ



439 ļױ
ԽԽ
ս֡
ƼÿնٰտʼǰСۣɻ
ٵ߼գÿһ磬õ˳ֵĴѾͷæ
Ҫ׼һ̫ˡ
װԸּױֻ޲ãϯţǰֲ׼ͺЭƺѹꡣ
ٰԭض֪Ӧ
ϲӦڲӦӦǲӦѵ¶ͮҲӦһ˵ʲôϵ͵ȫŴٴ졣
λﶼǴ޵ģһ໥̽һʵǣÿæòֺȻ졣һٲȻĸģ
͵ٰ˼ڻϣ㶼㲻
˶࣬ȥ˼ɽɽò˰ӾܱҵѵôС䶼ᱻ޶
ôԴǰ飿
££úܺãǼѾͷƫҪģ⡣
кüΣǼЩʵֵķãʡֻ
Ҳæ
˻ϵӦͰæбԱĵ̡
ںٰ㽫˴ϴҪ˽ȥѾ˻Ӧʣϲơ
ޣոպ㰲˵ķʽ
⼸¸Ҫѵʵڲ١뾩ʱҲ˲֮ˣԱݰŽ˸ѵЩ˴󲿷లɸẉ̂ϰ߾е֡
ݲԭҲ׼ʮٰ޽˾棬ʵҲд⣬ǣڻʵ۵£ʮ֮ʮ
ЩҲȫٰߣϤٰߵ¡
ȫɰˡҲޣܸ
Ů棬ÿеưһշ仹ѡʺϵѾͷٰ߷̡
û취ΪలӣٰųܻҪġ
ȻǲٻظңνٰޣСɻûȫɳȥ󻹵ûؽһӦһߵŸޱٰûá
Ǽһϼƣһѡ׼󷽣Ҫ̫ÿȳƱɣҪ̫次ϼұھǸֹʧȥƿء
ĵϸΪٰġֲ̫ϸ߰˼
ôΪӶֲ̫Ůӿزס
ᶯԣΪŮӳͱ¨Ҫƺ󡣵ֲ̫ˣۣͺı»졣
飬ΪŮӳֲ̫飬ΪŮӲףҪʵɿ˴Ÿš
ûӺãֱˬϡ
ѡأٰǸѡūŻѡأ
ǰνλٰĶѾͷֱȡΪࡢݺ˪Ͷ֦
ǳȡģ˵㡣
ԴˣٰƲ죬⣬ǿľͺá
ûҪʹԼ˼
黹ʮʱݵҵŮóһŵ
Ǿһصׯӡ
ٰһ
లƸլӣۼҲ⴦طǵʮǰ˽͵ġһֱûóԭǴҵ׵ġ˿еӦط͸ˡ
ߵĵ궼ȥģﶼջˡ޺ˣԺҪôãǰԼլһֱûסǿõġ⼸˷ˢһ£µġǵܸ׼ˡ
լӣĴȶ֪
ٰǰûլӣɼϵʵ˽ΪԼΪʲôǰԼȻǴ̫ࡣ
ֶٰһæµĵض
ȥׯϿۣʾլԺȷʵȫ¡ضƧ֣٣羰ʺСסúÒǸõط
ȻƧٰҵʮһ⴦һжؿƿǰû˷ֵ˽ҲûҪ¶档ˣҲʧΪһ·

ʵ۰ŵļױʮ¶ʮ峿ġ
һ黹ûʼѳ˹עĽ㡣
ʵۺ£ֱʮ̧ױ
ȫǾƷء
ָ̫ʮ̧ͬʱԻʮ̧ױ
ˣļױﵽ˰븱ʮ̧
޴ٳ裬Ƕըˡ
Ѿ𲢿ʼ¶ٰķãһ˾ҫ
ʵ۸ôױѹᡣ
ⷿŪŪٴո븱ױ⡣
һ̧һһĳ޹ˡ
ٰҪ󲻸ߣˣѺ㡣
Ͼǰһֻٻ껣ֻǿ˼ʮ̧ױҴææ̫ӸĲŽȥˡ
̧ױ˿űǸ⣬˵ԭ͸ʮ̧ģΪ˱ӣǵ͵Щ
Ҳ˵ˣ̧̩֮ױȴԸ֮ܰױ
ٰæŽжǼᣬÿԼҶòŴѪʱʮֻӡ
ٰˡһȸޱɻʱȥǡ
֮󣬳͹˼ֻСｻõģ糣ϷˣռҷҲٸЩױ
ͮҲӵļױ
߻һ׽Ӳӵͷ档
һʣ˵Ǻķٺ͸ʹͲŴճɡ
ݼҶͮд˲Դǣȷʵٰá
Դˣٰȸжᡣ
жôһϲĺø磬˿ôȺܿޱʱֻܶ࣬١˵ˣ˿յԽģЩʱҵҲԽࡣ
ͮ
ӲԺ˵ҸίҲңҸͷҼ磬һչ㣬㡣κѶҡһˣ㲻Ҫס
ٰͷˡ
ƾ仰ͮȢϱҪһ˽Ǯţ߸ޱ
μξκ͵͵һˡ
ʾ̫ôֻٰһκһ㻨Ǯ
ٰաµξǹϺˣ껵ĳֶҲǺξĲ̫
κִҪ͡δġ
ĺӳжûз֮𣿶˸ͷȻӽһүܲˡĸƾӹһġ
ûŮˣү裬еڶӡδزʧҾþ˿Ҳͦá
κ϶껻кܴϣܶɽǾѷޣһԹ࣬ڣܿྡ
ڣһ㶼Ůѡ·ʼվǡ
˿̾ȫӦ°ɡҺðһЩ
ٰ룬κμңܴĶƲ̫壬ֻκϱ㲻ˡ
ǣٰΣǺɰȴǶûһֱ˻ȥ
˳ģٰĴȡ
κֱҡͷһϢûﶼãǱˡ
Ĵȡ¶Ů뿪ǱƵģôٻӢǰݼͶ·ΣѵҲǣ
κѹӦ̫̫ӦӢĴˡ̫̫ǰһ̬һǧɣҲԸڼҶۡ
ٰȴã鲻ô򵥡Ǹ̫̫ɲһˣǼĴȣôۣ᲻ﾡãȥɲֶ̫̫Ρ
ôûĴȱΪĿܣ
ӢأΣ
СӣҾκϱشûӦү㡣һܽ˾ï}ûţƺ˶ǷʲôƵġ
ʱҺҶҶú󱳷ëôɽˮתԸ˼һ֪ʵǸԸöˣ
Ҽ˼ȥѧ͸֪ж֪ѧһգͰͬѧӸˣӲ˵˼񲻺ȡЦɲЦΪݼҵүĴߣ˰ͷ͵õͷ˵˺ö飬ȥ
ǵˣҺ;˵ȫҶΪʶٻԲڶӸֳԿ֮£˿˼ĸƨҲǹʹ
˻ͷ֪жˡ
ٰ˿ڲ衣
ƽñȮۣοӢûϣûߡΪڷ̫ӸѧԣȻû
ڸжǺǡ
֪ж䵽յزݼҺ͵öλᡣԼһٶĲʲԸһڡ
κϻޣ
ΪĴǸƫίѰ̫̫ǰʺʱսμҸһϡ̫̫￴ȻǼܡ
СӻͺˣһҪ׼ȷӡ̫̫һķ͸ȥ»ڹˡ㣬ûСԵţҳԷܶ԰롣
κֱӣһ˵û꣬ǵȫ
ٰҲꡣ
ӢӢǲܵ㲻һرĽˡҪ֣ҲֻܹĴȣôԸͷӣϹǴԹϡ
ٰû뵽ǣҲ˲ٶ
һѸָķ𾭣ƽķ飬һֻ¯
Ҫÿݷ𣿶˻ȥ
յĶԽԽࡣһֱﱸļױ֣˿̵ļױòŶøеĿܴⷿһٶʮ̧
ȻȻһúܲ



440 ץֻ
ȫæµļһ׼
ÿæ˶࣬ȫܻɡ
Դϻعһٰѿʮûˡ
˵లҲ١
ûгȫԼޣҲæùǺ
ʵ۸Щ֣ԼҲѰЩ˰æ
競࣬Ҳǰܸɵġ
֮ͮ˵׼Ѿɡ
һƬֻȼױ븮ˡ
գʵӣ֮ͼױ̻鴲󣬻ǿʼˡ
Խ׼мױȫðȥǰҺ컨ߣз鿴
һæµжȫλ
־żױһٰԼͷۻţֱ
˵һдӼʵ̫鷳ˡ
Ȼõ￴ǿϲġȫġ
ԼǺС
ҹĻ٣ۼɿһϲصĺñֱ˯һ
һһСɶȵòͣƵƵߴ٣ٰŷԸ˿ʼз˺ǵõһ򿪡
һ󴮳Կ׷ŽٴϺ󣬼˲׼뿪
мһңǰġ
ɸߵԺݺһٰ£ʹòٻͷ
ݺһ˵ߴߴûꡣᵽұóɻ飬˵ѹǮ
ҲԣѹǮֻ˼˼ٷɣ֪Ǽһ˫ڿʱͶǵѹǮ
䣬½Ǯȫһ顣Ŀ٣ҾǺһһҪǮһ߲˸зһЦڶյ¶ûɡ
ٰ˼ŲԾͷˡ
Ӳǳģõзٵġݺ

ٰȷʵǲģֻŸһͭ壬˭˵һ֣ڻб²Ȣ
صǣŶˣ
ٰһֱΪǮǸӲһᱻ˴򿪣ֻ˵˼ҵӻᵱڿ乩˹ۿ档˭֪ûпֲ´ļһ˭֪˶ٲŵģ˭֪ӻῪã
һҲͱ˼һȥǮǾͲ̫ˡ
ӣԼװġ
׵һƱϱȫһСԪԪҫĿÿ
Ϊ˺ÿ´ĽҶƬССܡ
ɹؼڣԪĵ㣬ģǽġȫǷʮĽԪ
׵ƱҲȫ˰
Ǹӣֵƣ
¹ʱ֪ջޱæңѾͷ˾ְѾΣʵڲǮƱԾеԪʹ󲿷Ʊ͵లġ
ΪˣյѹǮԹ
ȻУһʱƾһǣֻǵס
ˣǸϽ·һѹǮ
Ʊʲôģʱűǡ
Ʋ¶ԶһĴ֮ˡ
ٰѾͷȫԺ⣬ʾ˿غߵţһԿ׼С
ȻԿ׻ûףĶסˡ
ϢϸȷԼû
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441 ûִ
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ٰǱЦˡ
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ٰҡͷǮƣȫƾġкιϵ
γޣϵǸ˽صķûһӡ෴ϵ棬һӡǮϣݼһζûС
㡭ҡҼϣˡӢ˵ƣЩšӿԲҪ뿪ɡ

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˷ܣ
̸ѾѹǮ
ĵһʱ䣬ѰǮ䡭
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442 ȫǶ
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׼ȷ˵֪Ĳ̫ࡣ
껸лμҺĴȣʱһû˵
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ٰʾǹһԼѣҪ뷨ӰԼΧͬʱַԸϽмѾͷæ
߻ûֻ꣬˽ˡ
Ǻҡ
ָǱQҪϷͺȣððǽץˡΪ˶ʧܷľƣȻܵ·ˡǼȫ˰ɣ
Ҳðͷһŭ䲻ָһ竣ǾƣֱǷµľƻûꡣҿɸ˵ǰԺ磬ѾƮˡӦµľҪ꣬ǱֻȥҴҪΪ㵹˾ϣδ޻᲻㣡
ﻹ˵ڣ
ҲͣһҴӦɥȨ֮ԼôҲ÷֡ߣֵǣȥȥҪȲ꣬ǾŹ
ɹٲ뵽УһȺ˾ôˣٰһͷˮ
һСǽٰ֪ĺ˵˼䣺ùԳ׷ɰˣովֹ·˵·Ϊ˱аԱ֣ûȡ־ãֵǧĴһ̣˷ϣԱʹ˵ֶΡ
ǹǰһˣΪ˾ǽǰԤı·ļһȸ˿·꣬ʲôʲôӰǰһƽͻϽ
ϾǰĺԭԷˣӺأ
ٰ˺졣
ֵǧĴһ̣˷ϣ
ǡ
еô£
ٰãе᣿
ϵĲҲأ
Ӻȥ˷ϼжױǷϹأ˸ٰϲɫ֯󣬲ž˲١
ϼ䣬ĸߣԵϸȳʽԵͣãϰ硣΢΢¶ѩĵö
ǰѾͷһͨġէһϸ¶¶ۣպӦ˽ľ
ѱߣһʱ䣬ȴ֪ʲôˡ
Ҫɻ
ٰ˴
ӵúʵͣ
Ϣɡ
ͷ飬ֱץ
һȴǽһµ
ʲô
ôС飿
ϲո̴µġ
ע߳ܵһҹǰɣ



449 ֱ
ٰãǲܴˣԵԼһ㡣
ͻȻڻϾ˯˺þáǽ᲻˯ţǺܾԸԼЩ
ôһ룬ⲽ
űߣƼֻӣԲԭ裬Ǳ˭ġ
ʲô⣿
ۡ
߶߰Ķ
óһֻƺ
򿪸ӣ£һµɴۡ
֪ⶫǹ滨
ϲζľƣ滨ζأ𣬳˵ľ滨ʽ֡Ϊ˲ȴζѧ
˿һž֪ɲʲô
𣿡ͳ֡
ٰ̧ۣ֪ʱпűߡ
ô죿
ǡϲµİɣͷһţٰٴδʡ
ϲ͵˺뿪ˡһѾͷǸϽˡﲻźǶ˯ȥɡһ䡣
Ѿͷǿٰһۡ
ٰͷӦ
ᷢʲô˭֪ҲҪѾͷźһֱ֮ˣƤҪź
תۣбֻʣˡ
ܹŹֵģ߹ٰȴһ
ӣǸոȺֶļһµġЦЦ
ٰȴһ¾֣ӿǺӺ;ƺ
Ժֶĺһᣬֱܾϴ֡
ЦҪ֪ЩôģǲҪֱȥ
ٰ㽫ϴų
㣬ϴȥʾڡ
˺ֱ߽˾
ٰվҲǣҲǣ֪ǺʱѶһ˫֡
ѵ§ţָв
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ٰһֺͣЩˣ֪ˣ
Ҽ˵һ쵽ˡָҴǮȻߴ˰æ⣬ҰźҺͮǵšڱ˵Сӽٰ
ҺҸ磿
ܼ򵥵ϵǳɻ鶼вǣҪǲ뷨Ӹҵסֶ־֮ˣǳɻ֮ʱұܴʱΪˣòΪҽݻ
Ѿٰߡ
ǸͷǲھǳɻԵ¡˭粻û˳õ߰ԿףҴӦ߸Ҫö֮ҪǱȻġ˿̵Ѿˣˡ
ոչʱֵ׵ļѱòˡ⣬ԺҰ˰ĺԶţֻҪԣǶɣ
ٰĿ֡
ҪҪȥϴϴ
ʱȥϴˡζûˣţ
ҿˡ
һأ
ǳԵ㶫
ãڻ˭Ҫȡĳֱʳ˵졣
˴ϵС飬ͻȻЦˡ
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ٰȷʵţͷС¹ЩĪײ
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ᶨۣ뵽ǰĴٰͷĻҲɢ
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ҪѾõߣѾõĲȣٰӵ飬õըѣһȼȻҡ
䣬ߺɬ˸һɶ
ˣ̽ҡ
̽赽磬ֻһСĹ
㿪ʼս֮;
ٰʾɣͷһأϲﲻǰŸһοִܷܡ
ı֣̫˵㣬ʹЩɡ
Щˣšʲôõ֡
ͷһس⣬ʧܣ˵ôЩ꣬ʲôûĿȾģûԹ⣬ȴܡ
ٰĿԲɣһأڣ˭أ˭
ǣǼģһƣ᲻أĻȼٰ֪İɣϺóԵģֻһǲǣԱˣ
ûꣿٰˡ
ɾʮ㡣
룬Ϊ̫á

ٰٴηŹ⡣

Ȼ߳ܵһ졣
ôˣȴô߳ܵһ졣
֪ҪŰɣкڵﲻھУǱյĻŸĵ죬ȥߵ
Ҫؼңһľ˯þŮˣΪ䣬ܺáһ㣬е⡣
ٰڰԹ
ԼʹгٶۣΪ˯˾һ㶼죿죿
ҹҹʺС˴ܣ



450 Կ
ҹ⡣
·ůȴκκ
͵һҹȥˡ
δͣǱ㿪ʼˡ
Ͽ̻ʢʱûȡ
ƽʱǻڼǵȤ
ٰԺϡ䣬ȫԼͲϴġ
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ٰһֱڶ壬ɾûͷɢܡĳȴȣʧ⡣ۡԭܻҪ۵öࡣ
ʱ磬ҪҪϰһš
ҪԣֻŲ
Բ
ȻԼл׳ôҪȳȥͺˡ徲¡
ҸʱҪֳӡҺݼҶûкѡȻǽͮ
̫ġϾ»顣еġڵֲֿ֪ʼҵطšȸˣӦͷۡʱ仹桭
ۼ¶ߣߣ
ɩӣ𣿡
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˯ȥѾͷ
š
ʰѾͷұ䡣Ҳ㣬űǡҲߵţֻ˯һ
áٰſڴϣЦºͣѸٴ¡ϣûһ˿׸⣬Ľ
ȻһȥջСеĳˮֱˡ
ͷԽԽߣٰ˯ȥֻһˡ
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ãá
Ҫؽɲ붪ˡ
˴ڻ轣
Ȼۣ˲ò
ǵһۼסԺӡ
̨ͤԣͦõģֻǡΪԺﻹɽ
ཨɽʵϲɽϲվø߿Զɸչͷ硣ԼԺƺûбҪһɽ
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˫ģ˫մۣ˫죬һͷīɢǷԴĿʣ¿ˮ
ζͻȻÿڿʡ

֪ߡôˡ
뽫§һǰɵīô;Ϣõӿ졣
ӽˣûаջǿѹסͷǵܶĹͼ
ԷԷȳԷ
θܾͲˡ
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ٰƲ죬ŸոԡʱֲЩӡ֪÷ܷס
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ԣȥǰ棬˵ʱ磬ģ
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һţ˴
мҵˡ
һУ
һ뿪Ѿͷһ߿ͷ˵ûһѼ⻰ƮƮȻһֱ˱ȻÿˡĹάü
ˣƭҺ
ūʵʵ˵ݺͭԼƣǲɫ
ٰӹͭߵԼ֬δʩȴ֬͸˿ۣˮģҲ޲١͸ģȫǴ⡣
Կ䣬ȷʵÿ
ٰ鲻һ˸
˭ҪǸңϯϿʲôȤЦҪ£Ҿٸһ



451 ʲô
ӰɢƣѾͷȻ֪޲ԣ׷׵
˵ʱ䲻ȴ˲پƣС˹ΡСлʵϲûʵ赡
ʵ۸ԣǰѧͨǧʫΪҸʦڿΡ
ʵֱ˹˵õףĩɻʵ۲õѧҵ
ʵ۴ЦֱͨԼ飬м͡
ʵЦŴȤ˵䲻ѧοԼܽĶɲţԪ֪Ҳܰˡ
ٰԲЦ𣬻ʵ⻰ͷˡ
˵ܶﶼûˡʵܺãˣֶԻλȻҪԲߡãδزһѡһʵֱɡ
ǵճӣλȥ˳Ӵһϣ޿ɱԡгҲû˵һ䡣ҲûϵֻǹɣֻҪǿƣȻһƽȹɡ
ˣʵۼ˳ᢵҰģҲƽϢӵİ
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ʵֱԣ£ȫʮϰ˱ʮֱŤˡʵֻô˵ϾָƵʱҲ⡣Ҫǵ˵ˣû˼ˡ
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ԣ֮Ӧö֪ˡ
ٰ⣿Σ˽Ƕ㲻ϰ
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ٰҡͷ
ȻܷװЫֻǱ˴ġѲϸһӴһͣЩͲЯ֮ﱻϸϸѲ飬þ
ԣֵֻЩˡ
ȷʵѣ
̫֡
ֻһһЫҲȷʵô÷š
ԷҶ֣϶ᱻ֡
ϣСѡ
Ҳֻˡ
ֻٰǲһŵֶΣΪʲô
²㲻ˣϽױɡ
˻һ䣬Ѿͷһޡ
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㲻ң
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˵ˣҴ飬ֻעϾͺáģЩôڣֻҪǲ⣬Ǳʲôǣ
ͷ߰ɡͮڵš
ţ
еñ֮ڶѱףٰòʲôģô
أǰߣٰԼǰߵͮڳš
ûϢ˯ˡ
˯ú㡣
һǱڸѵġ
ӣӴ⿴ۡ
ǣܳޱҲڰæǳ˴˷ĹϲҲڽͷӶǱ顭еḻ
˽ٰȥͷ
˫׼üĿ飬ͬ洺磬Ϊ⡣
ȥ˺̫̫ľӡ
ݵûҪȥٰҲȥƫҪȥ
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452 ܾܾ
ھã¡
ѳ˳ŮĴдڸУ¶ŵˣŵˣҲܾܾ
øЩٰˣķԺ
ٰܾûˡ
ǰһҲֻھ֪һ
ʱ̫̫ûҲȥ˵뿪̫̫ٻ
θװǰݵҲʹ̫̫˼ʾȻһطھ
̫̫ȴǳӲТҲԸװҲҪУ̫ү֮Կġҡӡ
˼ٰβǹռõλãü㸮װҲòײ࣬ƿһ
ȴ֮ʱҪ˶ƼﲻТһլݣ̫һס֮УöܾܵõԮѹ˲ظû׼ƺԺȨ
ͼݵ˾ܿ
װʱݵ䲻òƿ̫̫ľӣȴھ߽˵ļӸԺǽΧһȦʮĸһﻨ㡣
ˣӸԺȥҲװĽȻһͻأ
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㣬ôѾͷǶ֧ˣ˵ˮûУ绹ǹүþú󣬲ѾͷǽȥźģǸòᡭòڲУԲ˷֣Ųź򣿸ٰȥʱϱʻһһѾͷȻһ֪
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֪ܵĻشøϷģҲԴӭһ
Ϊģºšֵ
ʲô
ڻС
£
ƭʲôţԼȥʴ򡣡
һ䣬ٰͻȻʶɶϢΪˡڻУѽϵˣ
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šҲҸ˵ȥ˵ôҲϸꡣ

ٰ໰⣬Ͻ˸ۣԸҪȥſڰơ
ƻգȻˣȻʲá
ӹ˸ޱ
㣬Ŵ飬ȥϢɣ
ޱٰܳ
Ҳۡ
㣬æùˡ
Ұ㲻ã
УаɡޱЩŹ֡



453 ĺ
ޱĹŹٰԭΪȻܿͷ˸ĹŹ֡
ףһڰմ鵽ﶼѰ
˿ǰλɩǷ޷޲ƽǺùˣ
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ʱôŹ֡Դǲԡף»飬ȴô֮ΪιʣУôһ鶼ô
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šˡǼٵģȷţ
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û鵽ɣ
û鵽տǸ˺ͺӵ˵ǲ١˵ӺӺ񡣹Ȼ֪ˣӦı׼ǡ



454 ɻ鷳
ٰ밢˵Żȴոմ׵ϲǵĴɩȴǴæˡƣ
˳ǴɩָԶԶɼһŮӶͷˣһͯ
Ůӻ᲻ǸɩϽӦԲǡ
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ѡٰͻȻ۵Цˡǰʲô֪֪ǰûģǰôǰ͸㣿νġȷǻԣ
㡭ǶôҲû뵽ٰթξֱӵһλţ
ˣˡʵٰһϵش˵ʱˡ
ֻǵలû˸ң˭֪ꣿոͷһţʶų˸ѣ˭֪ᱻҴ
ֳٴλȻ
µ㻹˵ʵ
ٰЦ
ǰ뾩ңүź֮±ǿӳɻ飬αǴʱ뾩ȴǰߣûһ̡˭ÿһ죬ӱӽ뾩ʱү⣬ûϣΪź
ȴ˵뾩үƢ±ڣүڸϣô㣿㻹˵ⲻǻѻһ֮͹ˡ
ҡֻǲµġҲ֪үڸǶˣڵء
ѾͺáٰЦΪһҲթ㡣Ļ֪ʱүڲڸ



457 ڲƽ
ٰ֪ԷбĹʱһ©ŮӱǰһŪ;ʧ룬֮׶ʱŮѹмܲס
˿ŮӱҴ˵ѣٰԾѾɡ
Լֻ⡣ϳС˼ܶҲû̫Ǿˡ΢΢Եã˽е̫죬⻹е㶼ûϡ
ģڡβų֣Ǽֳˡ
ǣ˦ƹ
ڣԼкιϵ
ĺ뿪ȴŲԶ˾޴졣
ײż
һʱ䣬˵עٱҲв춯ɱ
ʮϢĹȺɢһ롣
ٰȺʱͻȻ뵽ʲôҪڣǰһ
жѾɵǰ
ĺһѾȥ˲䡰ڵء
һƣȫǰ
һ˲Ⱥкü˱ڵء䣬лذ׵䡣

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ɣЩǳǵϼȫϵĶֵġһͿأԷȻҪڡֻûϵȺеͱˡҪ֣㱻ץ˸С
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պӭƼ˵ǲʲô
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԰״ȥΪռˡôٸ鲻ӳîǻлϡԭ»飬Ǵ빬밲ģ˿ǰҲûʲôáģŷԾȥԩ
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ٰȻǰڡɰЯѰΪڸǳţɱĿĿһ¾ͳִˡֻҪץ֣ڵɱ㲻⡭
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ʵЦûְеʱ䣡СŮӻڲƽҪڲƽԾ㲻У

ٰݲһء
ݵҪȥӸִлʵۿٰͣҲȥˡ
Ǹլӣǰ˿ĵطأ
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ٰΧǸۡһȦ˿ȴǸǽΧأ߿ߵһ㡣
ף󣿡ٰ֣⸮ۡլϹšյ
ǡء
ǹҵǸң
ⲻլӦֻһҵ
ѹûҡ󸮡Ҷٰһ˼ȴЦˡ



458 ϽŪؼ
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Ҳ֪ǵʥǰ´ʲô껲ˬʹ̲ס档ֱۣԺܼ
ϧϧԼûǧۣһȤ
ٰһҪһ껣ų˻ӡ

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ٰһ죬߸ߡҡڰգӶƮ裬͸һһ㣬Ӷѡ
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£ǰл𣿱߰Ǿӣôˣ
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ô㣿ǸԸ֮ˣ˵ñãǶĴ̼ͱһǵڿô֮ض޵ǶΪܹԸȴضұδҪ
˵Ȼϯȥ͵Խ࣬Խ϶ԡҵҪҪҪӣ
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ʱҪôϲƣҪô͵öӡѡ¸߹ͷ­ϣί˳θ
֮;ٵһĥġ
ֱЦҵĹŲף뵽취в̹˳
ʳǶ᲻᲻ףһԳôʱ˵塣
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ҪʲôϷݿиʲôģٰǰͲá
ֻҪҷ۶ӣа취ûʵʰ

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ۣ⻰ǲǹ죿ٰܼܰҴ˻ҡȻԸˡ֪ģҺҼ˶Ͳϵϵ
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լӣôģٰҲĨǡĸǰĻ̫ӵλ㹮̣Ҹլô䵽ϣⲻ̫Ӿ·ҵԭҲûĵ
Ǳˣһ˵Ҫ֪ұֱˡ
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Ϊң̩ȻҪʲôʱһƬԭиƵصİܼӣڶĳʹ˵ֶΣ칫Ƿһӡ칫üӡ˵Ѻ֮ܿһʾ޿
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ȻˣﾡãҰɡһԴӦԭͼһú÷󡣡
ܰѽٰն껵Ƹ֪˺γ뿴̫ӳԱ񣿵ǹ˼̫࣬򲻸ҵġٰΪҲú泩
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ٰ⣬ҲʱӭȥǴ͡Σ
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ݲҲ֪Ѿͷ˾ǶԻǲԡ
լΪ˳ɾʹƣΪ˼峤ԶѾͷһǧ𡭡ڿ˵ǼӣôŸǱ
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ݲٴ˵Ѿ֪˵ʲôˡ
ٰգգۣ
ҿṩġǴլӿԸṩʳṩ֮ǰԺóլֻʮɣ޼ɽһ࣬Ѳػ̫࣬ҿΪǡ
ֻҪǰɣ
ݲЦѾͷ֪ô򵥡ôռˣ͢Ӷռ𣬸ʳǮ㻹ܻ޽ɽӺ˹ܽƺٻʡˡݲϵˡ
ָڣϽϱŪߡҪˣúõСϱֻܺԼļ²𣿴ߴߣҲѰʡǸģ
Сʹϱؼȥ֮ãһֱֻ˷ʩ



459 û
лڰѽȫ˳츮ҴҸϻأֱԺδأҲڡ
ĸȡЦ˵վԲٰޣ΢ġ
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ĳ˵ͺߣٲԹԣұˣʱɱԹ档
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ТΪȣֻĸʲôҵģ㲻뿴ҴӹŪʲôö
ʲô
ܶʹ͡
ٰԣ۾ӴˣϸǰֻϷԼ»鰡ôʱ˦ˣԼӦ踺أһĴͷ밲ġ̫ˣˣ
Ҳ֪϶ʲôԼûڣʹͲɣ
ۿҪϣֻٰˣϽͷǵ¥ϯȥǼҸ˶࣬һ
ģ˸ϯȥɫ磬ǸϽؼҳԷڶĴˣ
Ҹ˵ģ㿼¡ҲԿġ
լӣٰȷʵÿӳһ¾ճ͢һӣֻһܰլӵıǮˡٰϽһͣÿ»ɣҪȻأԭΧضӸĽʳҲǴӱ𴦶ģӣ׬ײ׬ǣ
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ǳ棬Լȡǣ
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Լ̧ۿŷĵһζٰԲλĸоɺްǰǼˣֻǸԼڽ£ԼƨС
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ٻһķ̡ԣ
ɳҪ죬Ҫǲԣѵţ
ԧĴҹţϢʳָ󶯡ˮڡûԺöˣûԹţˡһʮ

Ҳԣ
ٰķŲԡ
ٻֻøԼƤϵĹɫǶҩۣ˾ͱ
ҩ
ٻһ
и⡣
ϯٰģٰķ˳¡γֲǰֻҪֵ㹻ֵΧصĽ¶ֽ֪סٰЫĳȻ¶˳ܸǲǣ
һʰ
ֻҪܹȥֻҪܽµӣԸƴһѡ
СóһСҩ
ֻʣ˰ɣ󰡣氡ࡣסĵأԶطƫʰɾʣ涼۸ôŪɾ
ûԸԼֲŪµʱӴǸӵŪһҩ
ԽѣҲˣҩ㱻ԭţһչȥͰҩ¸ξԱ֮»ȪҲҸţ
˿ҩˡ
һߣ껺ܱ
ԴĵطСһ룬һֱǰԺ棬ϣǰԺǰЩЩģ飬ͳԺӶˡ
涼ûõ
ϯ̧
Ҫˡ
ξͰԳ

Զţĺ죿
ѵøոսڵξţ
ǣһѽĲҸʹ֮С
껣Ͳж
ξġţ¡ʵξٰͦΣٰ֪ẦԼ
Ϊ¶θڲõξżʿˮͻԼ⺢ӣѲҲԼֲϣ
Ծͳ԰ɡ¶Ҳԡ
ξһڳֻ̹
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ζŵľϯġط˵ǳ֡
껸ˡ
ξתѺȾǳΪ׶Ĵڴ
ǵ鷿ģ뿪
ξȴϯ桭¥ġξƼѵ׵֡¥ƵĲ;ߡ
¥Ц˲֪ϵĲҵǸӣ
ξԾ£ҪҲԼڣϸϯ棬Ի᲻̫ˣ
껸ˡξƫӣԺӻϣûֻһȭͷǽ棬ĥùؽڶѪ
һӣ뿪
ûԺȴ˵жˡ
֣껽֡
淡ûˣ̫ˡ
١ŮնûУǱҪġ
١֣뵽һ١Ůˣ
ը
ж
ξŵö˿ӣһûоò̹ͨ
Ǳʱ˲ⶾ⡣
ˣ
ŭ껷ɳ˳ȥ


460 ܹ
ٶȳ嵽ٻǸСԺ
ˣ
ٰͲȻ¶οǻ¥ĲˣٰնϵȴдᷢϹ
Ǹ⵹ٰ
ҡŪˣǼ˻Ҫӿƿذ
룬룡
ǰٻһţͷʪţһŲ԰׵ȫϸܺ飬ԭشŹ
Ц
ôҪˣ
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Ůװģᶨ
Ҳǣۣۣٻɲ֪ǻʵ۵Ĳҵһʹɫ£û԰ɣǧܳԣ˱¶ˣҪǰҾͳһԧͳ
߶ӰӰĻݣٷҲǻӣ˭ıã͵찡
˺úõģûжȭδٻ֮⡣
ٱЩˣҲˣúõġҵҪôԻ˶ӣҪôķҹж°ɡ
ôж
һ㲻ãͳ߻ʵϵӲǾٰİѱ̫٣
У
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ĥϣһٻ죬һּһԧ˲ңҧһڡ
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ԧʱ䲻̣²ˣֻܱˮ
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ٻǽСɣֻ˼ڱ㲻ٺȣˮĸС
ܽˮˣͱ
ߣ˵ˣߣ㲻ǶȻңӢˣ裬ٻˣȥˡ
ҡٻϡšϡӣ;
֮ٻ˵طס
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ǣŽ˾ԺԶһ·ͬסĻӡٻû뵽䵽ūһܵĵز껸ˡչˡ֡
ܵģӾȻ涼䳰ȷ
סȥĵһϣӾͿӡ
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Ҫɣ֪Ϊһˡ޺󣬳ͱڻ˸סǵһԺȥˡ
ֻܿҪ޳ȥסĶһ
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ϯû档
ҵȥңһҪȥ顣
ðĺȥͳɣԸȥ
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Ȼ飿
㡣

ҪԷȻš
ֻٰԼȡһʱ䡣
ԺʱСȥ˷͵һðŽӦԼ˶࣬Ҫѿǲѡ
дڻٰ˾Ӿϱ͸ĴɱӾ˺Ժ
Ժǽ⣬Ѿһ
аͷţٰûʲô㷭ǽͷ
ðлˡ
һװϻ˸վԼС㣬ȫˡ
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Ϊʲô£ŵúȫ亹׺ٶȳ̹ٶȽŵȫԼˡ
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ĺһϳٰйŹ֡
ЩӰ첻ŮӿŶٰۣҪĹŮܰõԣ֪ô˰ɣ
ĺŮӷģɶҲ֪ɶҲûŮǲ֪̫NɪһֱӳԱΪȤġ
ٰﳤȥ
֪ûڷֱˣ󣬶
ԣ⽫·ȥˡ
һΣȴһգֱС
ڿ϶벻һҲ빬밲
СȥңΪԼ˳顣
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ٰԼ൱⡣
Ψһû㵽ģô졣
ž͸ˡ
ĺ֣޹ء
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ȻҪߣȻһ𣡡
ڴڴ̫ĥ˺һȥʵ۸ǰͷ
ʱ䲻磬ʵȻ
»绹Ҫڵġһ磬һȻҪ㡣
ˣһȻҡ
ٰջķᣬֵúϲ£죬س˹
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ٰǸӣǰǸլۡ
ɽ̫ˡһ㲻ڷʩøŪȥһȸߴ۵ļɽɽһͤ
ðĺ˰˽լӵĽȥտʼÿ춼͡ǻʱ䣬ÿζͼȥ
ţȰθγëߣ
ǣۿٰڵӰһڲԶУлǧʱˡ
Ϊ˲öԷķߺޣȥԺжǼʹУֻذһ´Űйޡ
ǰʱκϻ͵ʸξɽգѹκϱˡ춼ֱӽ˸ߣֱԽ󶼲ˡ
һٰܣ֪ܳһʱڣǵֻݷˡ
Ҫʱ䣬һգ˵ģ
һߣΪᱻ׽ٰ֣ʵܺðŪ
ֻ˵ͷĴȥˡ
Ҳ֣Ůʵܺúơ
ֻҪڼУֻҪԴɽκΪɣĿ궼ܴɡ


461 ӻ
һʱ䣬֮ƽ͡
˳츮Ǹ˺ӵˡ
ΪһϺڵļһָʹǺҲǼǰϺڰģ޹ϵ
Ȼץļ֮вûǸϺڣǼҲǵϺ⣬Ϻڸ˼׼ƻֻһȺָʾµСඡ
ˣҲʹˣûڳõѶϢ
Ϻݲ
ĻС
˳츮׷鲻κκ󣬱⼸Ϊգͷһ׷ķв޵ŶԷɱ
ɲ֪ԷǽЩѳΪӣǿضգҲûܵˡ
Ⱥ˱ɽ𻢣նס
նգֵȦȦ
Ϻڡǹƥ߳ˡ
˵ˣʵأ˵ǿߡ
ΧߣǰȫҰڱలϴȣ޹ɱںҪΪұ𡱵ల
ٱǰ׽ãȴѷѪУǰʹలһ壬һţͶ·Ŀ
ԣԷ˸˽£ͬʱ˳Ĩలһѡ
ܿ죬˿ʼҥƺǰలȷй˼һҹ֮䲻ϴһգȫұ𡭡ܺల˴󼸰أҥԲ֤ʵ׳塣
ҥԺܿ챻÷зţ˲ţִһʡ
Ҫ˵ó
ݼֺ֧ͻʵεలѽȡ
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ܿ죬նо´
϶ͷ̨նʱ˲ŷ֣ԭӡ
ͬʱʵ۵ĴּⱻǣΪలǿƴܲùģ͢లĹϵգలбڮǿжĵһ
˻ȻԭˣԿηҥԴͳ滰ǲΪӣ
𣬵սǰǿƺֹ۵ˣѱȦ£ȻǱУ˰
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һͨǲǲ𣡻϶ôˣۻһ̶ˡһ£Щӣɶ񰡣ôĨԼӢۣ˼̫
˿Źؼ̣л֪˵ʲôǼɷӣȻߺͷһʱ䣬ʯ֦Ҷһк
Ǽ򵽱׺޲ҵضпࡣ
˭˭ˣҲôɣӣոյ޹أȻҪ粵һ񣡡
ݲɵġץ׵ĹȻ͸Щ꣬Ϊ˻ȡ鱨ץӼϸһ㲻ɱŶ۵ӱʡ±⼸ݲȥġ
ЩҪʾڵģȻҪ˭ǳó
ѡηڣ

֮ǹలʧˡ˭ҲٵһǷǡ
ֻˬٰҲظ
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ϵּǰֵֽģζలĹõϿɣܳһʱڣ͢ȻͣὫһ̬ȼలҲȻӵ
Ҫ˵ڴֹۺͶϣֻʵۻǺģٱҪǿ˰ٱٰãֻʵһֱ̩ȥҲδǺ¡

ʵȷϲ¡
ԭ̫£ɺﴫϢһ̥˫һҽһ۶ϡ
ʵǴϲ
һã彡ϵĻʵ۸ݡ
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Ȼ̩ӵߣҲѳ˺󹬺ܴһȨ֮˶ܷ֣̫ӵ֮󣬻϶̧̩ƺҲûôˡ
̩ĴΣһǣƷ̫ӵӡ
ԵűĽѵ
ǰ˾ũµְ񣬲ȫΣ˵ʵȨδ⼦ߣƫְʵԹʺͲ죬ֵķģúܶ˲ٴνתصճϡ
ʵԪܺãӣġϡûʵΣ᲻õĶȥֲ
Сӣ˵ż칦ǡǧʫѾܱˡԼãʮձῼǰµ֮ڻʮ졣ϴϲʾֻҪͨ飬ҵʦԼѡ
ܶ˶ãĵǰ;δؾֻһүе˿ʼһιеѾʼ·ӣСߴգײһǰ
ٰǵóԸլ˳͢ӡ
Ȼݵ㲻Ҫ˽Ϊ˱ִҪáҲˡ𡱡ǣһ£լǰԺϢֵͳԷĵء
ٰϲһܳζװǵ˸լӣÿŰ׼ӡ
Ȼ£ܻڻʵ۸ǰݵݲûš
һ㳯뾡취Ҫӵ·ٰʱʵֻЦ
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¶׷׽ңܿͳﵽ˽ʮӡ
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ٰ̥ǵĸı䣬ԵʳһδεĳԴһδȥŬˡ
ʵҲȫΪ
ҲΪǰֺսյĿѣҰ費ЩجһĳȻıԼ˻ͬʱֻҪܼҲΪ˶£ŶԵⱲӡ
ЦһĻۣһնΪɫǰ·Ļʯ

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ӣȫϡ֪һŵˡ޶
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СүһļѣӮһլӣǮʱһʲ֪С͸ʦǮٰĲ׬Ǯ·లٵܵķһЩ
ٰĲҵӣζЦŵġ
ڼÿһͻԡѧ䡱ΪɴҲ䷹˽Ҳ̱ϳԺȣ͵С
ڼǰٲΡ
ٰÿؿǹУֻۻҡ
տʼʱϤϵ书·սŰܡɺܿ죬ƿʼ¶þһݵԼ·ڻͨҲǿݵƽˡ
ݵŮԽ⣬ֱԼʱգԼڻ¡
Ҳǫ飬ոмʽðöûɱУǵֻ֣ˡʶ֣֪֮вࡣӦս飬㹻ѧʮġ
ݲЦԼʹ˶ԼŮԼ˶ˣŮ̬ϲġ
Ը˼ĥεĶ̰嵽´ξиĽݲ趼̾ġŮĹУԼӦҲϲд衣
ڶ˵ĶԡӦսĲƸս㡣ע˳ϣҲҪʵսлᣬϣߵǰȥֻоսĴһ佫
лᣬСԵͦ
ٰڱ졣
ˣһั
˸ǰɵ
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ǶΪԵʵҲֻ֪òȻ
ͺñȻջصҹڣȴֱ׳˵ʲôΪպǸȣȹ̥ǣֲĸۣ»ĺҹһֱڱš
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ٰϲ
ڿʮ³һΣֿˣˡ
ӵּ죬ͻȻˣȲˣЦҲֵˣԹ̲סݺݳһ



462 һ
ʮһ¶ʮ˳ϯ
ѩ÷ͬʱҲǻʵ۵ڿĵӡ
԰д˹۾̨ɽ߸һ𣬼Ƚ絲סܽһ࣬⡣
÷нƷֻ̬һӹۡɰǮ࣬ȫʢ
⹬ʢ
빬ı͸ǳ˻ң˴ٹī͡
ٰ˵һ죬ȥѩ󣬲û˴硣ϯǻҪ죬ֵ̫ġ
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ȫֶ̱ܺá
СС߸վţЩѩ÷עĿ
˶̾ҵѾϰ͸ӦӦǿǺ𣬴ݲȣӦԵ̬ȣʵ˲С
˶عζǻʵۿҪһѵӡ룬˵̫ֱӴλҲ١½пܰ
ڻϽӸռ֮ܣһּɷѵλʳ䲻£Ҳ̫ƽʢֻҪ֮б£һܵð̩ŻϱǴɣ
Ҳǣ㣬̫Ӳ̫ӵģкҪ
ʵ۶Ӻ⡣뵱꣬ʱû⺢츳ã鶮£ֻҪγ
ʵŵԣһѡҵʦĻᡣ
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λ־ֱͦ壬Ƕ鷿ν̣⣬ӦûᱻѡС̫СЩСãǿ֮ģǿΪһ̡
˭룬ǺӾȻѧʿһȥ
Ĳͣᶨ١
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Ϊˣִ֪ǰݲǰ¡
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ѡΧˡֻҪĿԼµ򵥵İ취ѡʵǿǸôѡʵļƽϱֶһء
Ĺʵ۸ǰˣСС˶ﵽȴʽ
游ѾѡϣԵѧʿģݴ󽫾䡣
ΪѡǣʵЦʡѧʿѧãΪݴ󽫾𣿡ֻһ仰ʵ۱ָ⺢˸ӡ
شǣôڳһ󲿷ˡʵۣһǻȳûãΪ˴ҲǸѧʡ
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ݴ󽫾Ҫæڽ񣬻游ߵָŵþ̣ܹ˲ţ˶һܸɡݽб£ѧ
ٴζĸ߿һۡ
ûϻʵ۵ĵԲûˡҲûϣʵϿɻʵ˵ġǿģıºƷ¡ƫƫǿǼ㣬ҲǺҪջĵġ
ĻشүӺݲҲ߶ϡ
ǲĺӰ
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̫һӢǷץֱϲǺ͵һ̫̫Ƕҡ
˵ǷǶ˵ôģָʱ˫ȫǰ;ʱ˼ֻһô˿̵λߵͳɷˣӢֻ޲ץ̫ŵ˺졣
ţҼôûã㵹ǷҰûģ
˵ˣţ̫ҷŲǿվȡؿæ˳
ٰҽԸϻӢأ
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ǳԱ˳ŵŪôСߣ֮ô˵ĿĶΪ
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μ˿Ϸûһ©֪ôĶ֣˼ȥĴȵͷǸͻƵ㡣
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Ȼĺƭˣٰƶ̫ȻҲᱻǣűߡμҾǷţǲˣμҵĵĶ
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һᣡٰȴ𡣡˵档ȿڿ˵ֻҪϷˣҾͻؼҡֻҪؼңϻʵʤһУĿԴɡֻϧžԲҶġҪûˣôĴȣ
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ӢȻѾݼңбֻ˿ﲻڣȻαεġҪϻأԣͷɣģȥŸȥͿͣ
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471 Ǳ
ʱ˵ע߻аϡ
˭ûע⵽ǸżӵŮӻа밲󣬵ǰߵݡ
ԳԪƽ
Ԫƽƽ
Ǹã
ˣ
뾩ˣ
ٰƣƵɫˢˢһ䡭
ԪƽĸҴź鷼Ů
ź鷼ϵսպգʢĴ󽫾˵ܳһ빦Ͷź鷼
Ϻలһ˸⻹ȹš
ź鷼ֱ߶ʮ꣬Сս۽ٳݲҲ¹꣬ǲɶõĹ֮
ȻôһӢۣȴڰǰĿ֮սˣֻһŮ
ʵ۸طŮΪ˿أԪƽһҫһ̫ƽ
ź鷼һϵľʵ׿ţʱնĿ֣̾ꡣ
ź鷼ϵһף飬ĸԵ׸ּңԿ˵ԪƽȨĸƣ汲ǮԼλǼںϵĲǺüʵѡ
Ů̫లȻнͶӴ֮⡣
֮ȵĳƣھʵǿӲҲԶˮȲ˽ʣʵϵ˵ûʲô塣Ҳǻһ㣬ٰŻãԳ̫⡣
ǰѾԪƽ£Դ˿̵ԪƽͻȻھУУ˵ܲʱˡ
ǿʵϢŷӦԪƽ˭ı飬ȻҲû뵽Ԫƽ뾩
ԪƽǺ鷼֮Ůʵʡ
ǡŮԪƽߵϡ
ʲô˼
ٰ˽̲ס
뾩ɻģأ
ʲô
Ѳǧףɣ
Ϊʲô
Ϊʵ۶֪
ʵ۶ţ
˼ͬʱʧ͡ɡôѵ֪ƻѹ룿ǽ˴뾩ˡĿġѲ϶һ䣿ӵұ
أ
ȻҲôģ΢
ٰһһס롣˵
˲ϸϸԪƽ
ӰƴݲǾȴ㣬һ˫۾ƺһˮģ˶ɢװò򵥵ǳɫţڹʱԹѵ
ôˣǽȻͬĴڡ
һʱ䣬ǽͷӶ
ź鷼εӢۣŮôôһûгŵļơ
󲿷ֶȻսӲãЩǼ¡ǸĿﰡ
ٰۣüͷһ
е˼
ʲôûոһ·ͬ޺˭õһӢ֮ȴԵƿزס˿˼ۡ
ⲻ̫ѽеǰ˵
Ԫƽ̸ֹдžн˵ϸպǳǶϲ̫֡˵ŷ˼֡
ԪƽҲúˡ
ʱ߶˶٣¶һºֺõЦ
£ֱˬͷĳƱ־ͲôϲˡԷЦɳȴƿұ൱ÿԷһͣίһ
˶ڹעԪƽͻ䣬Ȼѭ˳Ʒ
ǿƵĳôԱ£ȻͲôϲˡ
ٰƶһۡӣαСֻҪԴ
˿̵ĳ
ģԪƽĳ֣˵뾩£ȴֻδĺñҲǰ˺üţûᵽλáôҲ벻Լý
˵ͱ÷һ·ɽˮܿİɣ뾩ҪԼ˲Ǵնࣿ
иģ߶ʱֹ侹Ȼһֵ顣
ǰƾԾˡ
ǣԪƽί
ίĲԼ
ʹӣȴ̲ס׷
̫ߵԪƽػʱʱǵĽͰĽҪ磬ﻰⶼڴ͡硱ܣóƾü尾ա
ǣʲôʱʼϯĻĴ飬ת䵽Ԫƽϣ
ǸаףҲڿԪƽֺãƺȫⳡϯĿġ
ζˣ
ƾãԼĪΪǡ
ٿǰˣƷԼײ࣬ǲһˡԼڵýȥ
Ҳǳһ˵ĸоƺٰҲôáٷһڶԲ¡󼸴ŽͳƵĻϡ
жΣʵаȥڵ˵ƸҪųȥ͸Ԫƽȴǹˡ
Ƹǰ˸¶Ц
ǳɣԪƽ밲ˡ
Ʊ£˸
㣬ҿôɣηηʵ
ٰȴЦֱӴϡһС׻
㶼ѾˣʿԲԣǲˣƻмͼ磬ɩӻ࣬нô£ģƻɣôУΪƿ𣿻ǽɩӰɣ
Ԫƽһ㶣û뵽˵һ˸Ƴͷˡ˿òһ·ӦǺηʥˡ
ֵ˵ٰ볣Ҫãġ
ԭɫÿӱңƣ̽̽Ϊ˵ġ
ǲǣ㡭СôÿҾк˰벽ηѱ۸ģλ˵ǡԪƽ³çˡ
ٰЦұȳС㻹ҪСҿ㡭ӦñҴҲҽŶ
ٰ¶Ԫƽ˼ƽϡн㣬ôȻϣ£ϵġһɩӡպþͿԻոβ
Լˣȴ峣ƳƺˡС㡱һֽϵˡɼﲻԸóƳΪɩӣҲǱĶ
߲ơ
һߣԪƽҲһ
ٰᣡʮˣȥǰ˾ǣͶף˵ˡһ֪֮ԼͺͳƱΣٰǿ϶ġ
Ԫƽе£־ʩչٰЦø仨һú㣬ԼίԵùֵֹġ
ֵٰУǿݲһбǧ򲻿ɽƣǵ𣬵ʱӰ쿤ĽʵġٰЦòá֪ģΪء
Ԫƽһ飬ҲٶԣֻίίͰˡ
һ˶һߣ㣬űв裬Сˡ
˿ֻͰٰ͡ʼձͬһЦΪٰ۸
ܿйȥ渶̸Ǵġ
ٰÿ̬һȥ
ԺУٰԴڱԵĳƺһȰ
Ǳ˾֮ģ·˽֪ˣʲô˼ʲô˼Ҳˣᣬ˸ڻѻӣ
ŭ壬ǻؼҡ
ַȰ
ɲܻءٰҲñš㲻壬պú˶ԱȡԷʲôû˳סƶʣöԷóѡ
ûƣû˵ǲƾŲ²ͶаøԱأȻ϶
շ䣺ԪƽлᣬαصȵգͳˡԪƽһͷȣϵˡ
ȰţԽķ
һ˴Ȼɡҵɢٻȥ
Ҳã侲侲±嶯
֪ˡ߰ɡ
˳һ侲
ȷʱٰĿڣһһ㣬ǴСˡٰԳǿ·ɸ̾Եôôѣ
ɡҲʥ׷ĿСշ侪ˡ
ûʲôᡣƵĻǻ״͵ģܲûϷڡҪ󣬱ֻʣ·ˡ
ҲôáСҪ𣿳ԶãûȨʱܱܿȡԪƽǿ󣬼СȨҲȳС
ܵĲӮңӮ
ԣҪ󻼣ٰܼᶨôĶ֪ͣûʵ˭
Ҳǵͷ
˵ɡ
ʵڲУھǡǮòмвҵˣαΪǧԶޣ

˲ԪƽԶһȦ
շƳ˺ü죬У¡
һ̶ӻصϯԪƽϡ
ֵ˰ӣδˡ
Ůһʣ˵Ԫƽǰȥδء
£ԪƽҲȥˣ
Ȼȥ´ȥˡ
Ԫƽٰ뿪˳ڸԺš
С㣬ҿԽ𣿡С
ʲô£侲һûǰ㱩ŭҰοԪƽ뾩Ϊأ
ǿ˵˵𣿡
ƴţʲô
ʲô£ֱ˵ɡ
˵СǸֱˬˣȻء
ԪƽЦаˡ
˵¡û¹



472 õж
һԪƽؽҪ졣
һܹ࣬ͬʱҲԶ
С̫ˡǺúദ𣿡ԪƽЦš
Ҳԥ
ڻûŪԷ뾩ͼǰ治ֱ˦ԪƽݣзݣϵŪ˶ûô
ҲǳһɣǱԪƽŽݡ
ɰЦھǾĿס˿ѣȻǵҳ㣬ϾǻҪͬһģӦЩϤ˵أ
Ʊؿͬһ¡Լô⣿
ûµĻˡ
¡¡ҪѡԾйŮ۹ҿá
Ѿͷ׼õ
һһϡ
¹
ϱȻ
羻ң㴩빬˵ͦãȻ֪빬ŷ֣ĺÿۣôѵԵòײࡣǳ㣬ÿ۹ôãϽѡһѡ
ȻƫҪÿ仰ǰɣ
ͻ۸ңԺɵöҡ
ûలȰ󣬲Ĵн㡣С㡣
Сǲϲ𣿡Ԫƽᡣ
ٴֻһƺȥȻǲϲ˵˼
ɱ˵СΪˬʣʲô¶ҳСġҡҲûʲôý°ɣ
ƼҪЦ
ã浱Լ
ҳʶ̸ϲϲ˼Щˡʱ磬Ҫ»Щ
Сɵõȵҡող˶ΪҲͣ۷׷ءǻһȥɱΪ϶ԱĻ
Ԫƽ϶ƻȫ֣ѽ⿪νӵϣѽһȥˡ
ƸˡԪƽһԼܡ֮񣬶ԼֲƺôῪġ
С㣬տȥ޻𣿡
ʲô
˵ˣҿȥ޻ϾС
ƱغǺǣʲôҼɩ㼸޻Ӧõġ
ҾͲˡտһŶ
ƣôģҪ
ڳǱ·ʮ˺Ŷ԰ɣ˵ˣֻ֡ԺҺ·ܹȥ档
ƣ֪޻˵أ
գҰѱҲȥ
ƣǺǡ
Ԫƽÿһ䶼ʮ㣬ƾٴȥ
ˡԤеҪߣԪƽֵƸöණҺȥѡġЩ£ͦ

һŵùҵ۹⡣Ƹһͷ棬Ҷһ飬ҾװٵÿġҪ˵׶ǾǳףǷ˴˹ˡ
Ҿʵʵľˡͷãһá
һһƮҲɵӣ˵İ
˵Խ࣬ԽϸͷԽ䣬Խ˵ԼžǦ̲ס˿ﻹʲô
ʵĸһεģҽˮ¥̨մ˹⣬ѡһèʯġһƳС㣬ҾѡˡС޴󷽣ǽ̱ʯʺ
ƵĻӿѹס
ԣԼƸȫǱʣµģ˻Լֻ̣
ˣ·İ衭Ҳġʡ̺ȫҿõġ·ĴҲ
ˣƵѾˡ
һ˲٣ͻȻᵽС
ҲͻȻ̽ˡ
棬Σ
ЩƸ񣿼޹ȥ·ȫˣ
ǸӸһ˻ô
ĬĬܣö
ЬʺϴӶص㣬ؼζѾմ
ɶŮӣ
ļ䣬һʱǰϲ˹롣
΢ʧЦ
ԪƽѴڼ˳
Ǽϴװ
ϵЦɣȴЩ
Ǻɫôɫµһͷ˽㴺ɫԣһǴɫڱһһˡ
Цأ빬ϡԪƽһҵɫ
ˣ׼
ҲʱԪƽѾţݹһֻСľС
Ԫƽۣüô
̧ߵĳ˳һ۹ȥװȴǺüС档Ųһ
ĳ٣⼸Ӧ£ȳūȥҳ档
СʳŲϲԵģȥҡ
ƻͷСı棿ôСĻʳҲԪƽˣ
ԪƽƻͷҲһ㶡
Ŷ˵СұĶСأҪ˵Сǳ棬װ֣ԣ˭ϲأ뾩;Уչ˵Сأ
ܣЦˡҲͰˣǳ棬ѪѾΪ֮Ŧˡ
󱦱ǳ棬ӲΨһһСˡ
˵ԪƽСȾָеʹ
ôܣҪ˵Ĺ¡ͦȤձ죬һ˲١˺£ֻһۡҵı£ϡ㳳һܡԪƽۻعˣ¶һЦ
ʱһҪϡ´꣬ʱϣҵƥ뿪ȻĲѣ׷˳䣬
Ԫƽؿڣɫ΢죬ҵʱ쵽Уһ¾߲ˡżæŵסң˵ߡҾεˡǵطϡ٣ʱֻҺ׵ģҡ
Ԫƽһ٣ңо֮
֮һ㶼ġ
ֻˣԣʱضˡǼϵĹϵˡ
ЩԪƽͣͣóƺú⡣
ĶҴˡҲ֪ģұζܺš
ԪƽƵȭ΢΢Ĳ
̫ûؿջֻܾͽ˻˼ҵͣԪƽɫ˺죬¶˸顣Ƕʪ͸ˡ
һſԪƽ˵ȥ֪ԪƽĿУʲô׶ΡʲôĽ׶ΣСͳȥˡ
Ԫƽһģ
¼⣬л׳ʵ·룬֪𣿡
ˡȻѾˡ
ұȡ
ˣ
һû˵ءոЩģҪţԼȥһʱ֪
ڴߡͣԼڹУǿѹס˲ϷӿĻ
ԪƽߣͻȻһת̬һ˼֡
˵ôЩҲӦöˡҲҲûңҾãСǵҴùϵٲҪ¶ӦҲ˵ˣϻͦϲġ㽫޹ȥǻǴùϵǡ˵أ
ЦŻ˸һ棬˭˵Ҫ
Ԫƽų뿪ıӰЦòüˡ˳Ƶĸ̣бµģͱ
Ժȴͻش򿪣ٰ˸պøϵ
ȻԪƽ
ûոԪƽһȴǾնСͬԪƽǰ˺ˡ
ƺۣ˴ŵģһɱ֮ڿٰʱ˲¹
ٰˡôҪǿģǶܲŵڱס᣿֪ǵ̫Ӻ͹ƷҲδһᰡ
Ԫƽǹԣֻȼóʧ̬ˡ
ƴ뿪ƺշȥ⣬ٰһԪƽ
˵ŮбǴӣҲܿԼѰ
Ԫƽٰƽֻһˡٰ֪ѲȴҲǿôͷë
ٰ֪ݿƣھʮͣ˽Ųſţйˣ˲ŷġ
Ұҽղʶ뿪¶棬ΪҪ۸ʵ𣿡
ʵˣԪƽǺЦ𡣡ʵˣĸ֮ý֮ԣ˽ܣ˻үˣӵʵˣҪ˵ƻҲҲе˿ûرҵģʲôԣ
ԪƽҲڣֱֱ
ٰЦҪб£͸뷨ȥûġ֪⣿޹ҪЩԼˣԼû£С۸ʲô
ֵõѵңʲô˹ʺ˵СŮ
ǣһŮûɷأƴӣȫİݸ߹ӴȴһŮ˶깦ȴ÷˵Ķղס˭ǿ˭˭ⲻһĿȻֱһӢѹ󿴲㣡
ٰʹ
Ԫƽ֮ڳʹ϶ѾͻƲˡ
ٰԪƽʹһһҧٰ̫֣
֣ϣֻǾ㡣֮һûأ
ٰһ䣬
ΪҲ֪䲻֪ոն˵ʲôܲµһ뾡˰취̼֪Ѷˣ˳ǲǣᣬԶֶԲԣ
ˣ㡣ɣҲίȫСͼ֮ǲǣ
Ǵòֻϧϵ



473 һ
ԪƽٰԼ˼͸һʱҧŴʧ㡣ԭУŪС
ֽٰһֱս
Ҿ㣬ƾձ֣ҾСɣƲҲóѡԣȰ㣡
ٰģ׾ˡ
˿̵׶Դǡ
ԪƽƤһһ죬
ٰǳķôݣȥϷϧˣ
˳ַ辰˿ʯӾߡ
ԺſڣʯӱӵͬʱҲӴһ
⹬ˢˢ¡
ٰźףһͷݺݵԪƽҾ˵·ÿѣʲô
ݰ˭һ
Ԫƽһ㶣ŷӦٰڶ˸״
ôң޵㣿ָٰȡһûޣʲôͷʹҪҽҪиôΨʣ
ҡûУ
ҶˣѵҴԼٰͷʾܷ߿
ſڹ˸ϽȰ
ոȷʵʲôصͷһƣŸɲһͻأʯӣȻ׾ʯӣ
ŴɨĸɸɾʯӣʯֻǴӺ󷽴ģ
ɫʯӣɲ·ģ
˾ЩԪƽ辰ȫİɫװʯӡ
λеԵ
ʲô£ְܲܶ
ңôĪģڿʲôôȸոջˣѽǿʲôû˵ûݣ
Ƿ׷üԪƽȷʵѣû˵ҲûáûǾǵĹÿĵ̬ŤŮÿˣ
ٰ޳Īȸ״ɣǣǰ֤ʲôûԼǶ޵ģ
ͷĿԪƽһۡģūǿģ
ٰƳԪƽüϷԼмݣҪҲ˭
㻹҇nɪ
Ԫƽһʱ
Ϊʵոյȷٰ뷨ԭҪҪٰ뿪Լһӡ۸ģٰ֮ġСƵġ輵ʡġ
ٰ֪Ȼˡ
ѱԼٿĪ磬ԭƻȻҲˡ
Ǿ桪ԪƽӦˡ
ƺҪ

һߣҲˣŭתٶȣٻصϡ
Цôʱȥʵۺ˾Ȼ˵ûʶãôʱ䣬Ԫƽйء
ˡ
ҵմĳ硣
ó棬ǱߴƸӡ
һɨؿֶ
˵ʲô
ɲͷ棿
һױԪƽᵽĳ⻹аٵ䡭
ڿƸӣӰˮϲˡ
þòɺã
ѹѹͷ⣬˸Ц׹ӡԭͱµģϲϲȽգû뵽˷ǡ
ˮϲл
Ƹӿɻ⣿İ嶨µġ
ӶģһΪĵء
ѡѡӶµġ
ϴθϲèʯ˵Ҵһèͷģϱ߲ûèΰ
⡭ˮһţʶϯɨۡ
ƿЦǸ򣬿ɲԪƽλȻ棬èʯαԪƽˡ
ϲˣš׼ˮЩ顣
ˮ뾩һ·ɷʲô̲סһδ̽
ûʲôر𡣡
˵ǿľˡ
Ҳ㲻ϰɡǿҹܶ³£ȥ˻
ͷ˼֡⻰ɲԪƽһ
һϣ
ˮɫһ䡣
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ƾԼȡ衣
밢ˮ˵ֻ峣
磡һҿ·ǲ롣
߳绹û״Ǳ߳Ѿת
󣬳ǰ̫ǡˣټʱûƽԶԣûȥúۡ
̫ƾ״̬ãˡ
ƺշ䵣ģҲ뿪
ǣٰ˻ʱѾ뿪ʱˡ
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뿴󵽵ûʲôͷ
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ԪƽҪôҪôеʲô࣬档
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Բƶ£粻졣͸ĸԭҲ᲻ԶޡʲôõģҪȥֵط㽫һ֮£ɳϱţ֪Ҫꡣ
磺ǰ̣ҲȻŷƶ
ãȱ𼱡
ڰŪȡ
ԪƽȻô˵϶еģģҪ
Ͼ͸һ㣬·׷ת⣬˲ٹ͵͵
ٰƳnɪ
ٰʲôҪΣʱΣˡ
Ҫǣܸϡܻסƣʲô⡣ס
ʵۺ˸ողŻ
ʵɫÿǸƺҲз磬ӶûУԻ
֪ǲĻǼʲôֵʵ˵ʲô
ھãԼû´ոڵаʵ˹ԪƽҪ󣬵󲻴Ӧʵۺͷ󡭡
Ƶ·ߣǰ·ϰ١ıϱ㹻ǿ㹻ԵסƲ粻ޡ
ڿסԪƽĳǻ£෴պÿԲΪԣýǧ֮첻Ӧǲǵ
ڶ˼һΪȻһȭȻ
ڿٰ֪ǼҺ˰ɣҵʱô಻ƽԼɳˣңûһ°ɣ
ٰñءҡ
һںȸɣǵ㵱ңʱģ
˵㡣
ǣʵ˵˲ϵȨֻ˵ȨֻҪ˵һܿסﷴԾСϸֹϵ̸ڣȨɢҲѡ֮»ÿԪƽˡ
ٰſڣ˵ʲôϻ
ѲɣƻҪٵȼ꣬ܲܶϴȨپ޲ޣ
ٰͳƶĵˡһʮΣʱɱƿȨҲġ
Իһһʯͷ·Ȱ˵
ԪƽŴӸ´ٰڣ㱻һ˸Ϲˡ
ٰһNɪС˵־ģˣٿڡǱڶѩůҲˡǣ˾ɫСỤ̊ˣ
Ԫƽʱⷢһ̾Ͷһۡ
Һһ٣ǰˣ룡ֱٰĥ
ڵͷǾʹ¡ȥҸ磡
ٰսڣҪȥʹмƣԪƽһľءȥϹٺݺ˦ף˵ܳɣϾǻѾͷ˿̼ǺԼ˵ΪӦԼ֡
ٰԴӭһ˼ҵǵ֮λٺã˼ҲֻԶ֮ۡλóҵ
˱Ҫõĳٰ
ȥȴ˷Ťס
ԪƽУ˷ڴΡһ߰һ̲סǶƣʻţ࣬ײҰϹ

һɢ㱻ںͳˡ
ȻΪ˿ȥˡ
ٰȥһۡ
ؾ׳ؼҲСۡ
ɻû壬ôˣ
𣿡ٰʡ
ˢˢ
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Ǻܻĵģôһ߿࣬ȷʵž;
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˿룬ѹֱ϶ǰûѡǱãҲ⣬ӼᶨǸڶԿ볣һޡ
ԣƻǺʺϡ
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νǸָõĺãƽƣԻΪģĳɹκεͻƺʵֶˡ

ٰƶǶͷɻȷʵôһЩ
⣬ֻҪԼͺȫúõģǾʲôֵãŬȥػҪġ
շıˣԼҲȫͬ·õģ
ÿؿշҸԲſ
ôһ룬ٰû˵ɽ髳Ƥ
֮ԳŴ֣뿴Ԫƽ뾩ۡ
һ˵ź鷼֡λѹʽȷʵܺãйܼʹģŻԻ͹ȥź鷼»˵ĹΪá
Ԫƽ뾩λٴΪ˽ֵ
ȻЩֶΡЦ
ҵԤٰҧ˿ڹʣе壬ϲġ
ţԼļС⽺óԡȥθůڡ
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ǵ˼ǣճӲ뾩˹ע㶼һƸϣ֪Ԫƽ뾩֮ˣϳؾǸİգʵࡣ͢ͻûҲûΪԪƽ磬ֻһĹ򣬻ڴǽ֪
ڳǱһͨӡò͵ĲǴٹˣϲʿͨա
ԣԪƽŪ˸˾֪˵²С
Ϊ˸ѹշ䶮ˡ
ǰţҪñٰЦ⣡
ǸӣҲǵһ
ڶʲôշʵ
ڶ󰡣ٰͷӦ빬ˡĿԴ״



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Ȼҽô˵ˣ˿ѶԪƽ˻ɵ̫һȴԪƽǵϲЩ顣粻ճͷ̫̲סǷǣǹ̬ıȡ档
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479 Լײ
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֪ǳ̫ҴûԱݣһ۾ϳɼȷʵĿĵβ档
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ЩǼƻҪݵϢ
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ȷʵЩγԶϣɲǽԪƽԵ֣гʵصĿɽ򱻹ż⡣

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Ƶ¾ҵ¡ղٹӶġҲǰ˵䣬ļλҲ׷ӦԪƽ˸ͷźš



482 ٸ
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֮ſڱ˵֪ʵλӶףǳ̫ͻѵ⣬ԲסȫǾ竡ЩˣϿʣϼ䡰ŮǱܣֻɵӲŵ棬ǿ
ҲǿﲻһŮӾ;ᡣ
˱ѾװȥԪƽĴٰЩˡ˵ʲôջǴ󲿷ֵĹӺ͹ɨۿȥĹܹҲ߰ʮˡ

Ӵ̩Ҳأ
ԪƽһߡλԼϯû֣յǸӣ
ɨλӣҵӳöøɫ̩ͿͣƫȻϸаȣϸյı绹ҪЩ
Ԫƽ齥Щ
ϣڴҲϳԶԶ밲к
پã̬ػ˺ü
ת¥ݣԪƽսвѾ죬뽫¡
±飬˵Ѿ߶ΧźǱɡ
¸Ҫڷԣǰ·Ѿ߻ͷԴġòѾߣԴԼˡþλǹĹùãȻﶼȥ
ԪƽһſڣӻˡĵϧֻܴѰˡ
ٴͣͼЩˡ
ռװǾء
ϯδʼԪƽĴţʵѰĸλá
Ƽаףǰ˵䡣
ûǾ˵ʲôа뿪Ԫƽȴٴοʼ¡
Σ¹ԹȥһߡҪԪƽҪʲô
ʾ⣬ԶԶȥ
ԪƽȥǶ¥һԼѾѾǶ
˹˷ţ˵һ
͵Լ£ͼıһȻҲ¼ˡ
ϯʼǳƺ󣬵ԪƽҲ㻵
Ѿ˵ˣΪԵʣֺ֧ܴ󣬶ϣٵúɾһѹֻҪʵɿԵˮɡ
⣬ԪƽҲڴ˿
ڽۣǰںϴķţԴ˿̺治پĴֻϣҲںֻ֡
̫ˡ
Ҫ˵ûأ
治
ЩѰ˶ͦ
⣬ûǣƣԪƽࡣ
˶˴ջеϢеֻٲ˻ڼװ塣
ԪƽôȻڼװš
Ʒź棬µԼůһ⣬Ųۡǡôţؾ΢΢У¼͸ŵ°ɢ߽ࡣ
Ȼע⵽װϺֻϸ־޵̫ϲֱۻЩĽĸоˡ
ܿ죬ʶЩˣżǰλӡ
Σλ˵˼䣬˺Щޡλӣ˵ʱվϱߣ΢۵⡣
λӶ飬ǵͼˡ
ӸĹھǵ֣Ժȫһ顣
λˣֻ˺ӡ
ԪƽΪ˱ܻ䣬뿪˺һϧ
һתȴպÿ¥
һٴαʾлҪ˵
ۿֻҪ£лЩ˵
Ԫƽһʱ綼ԸָɾܾΪ˼Ҳ˺Щ취éʯͷ
һѾߣڱ緢ֺҲǿбǲ˴
˿
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ʱ̬ȣֱͷë̫󶼵ͷˣô绹ǲԸϲˣϧײ׵ģеš
״ִС
Ԫƽ߻յʱ򣬸պĺĿԡ
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۹⣬βԶЩǿŤĹϲ¾ãЩĴ㡣
ԷԪƽϥлӹģϧԪƽǸ۵ġ϶ˣ㲻
ϧȴҲ¶壬һ̾ģ¶ȫԸ
ɡ𣿡
Ȼ
ǣСӰæԼ
λԥ˼Ϣûоܾ
Ԫƽԭ˼úİæȥĳ䣬ľá
ҪôڰҪôڼװ壬ȥ¶̨šûˣţҲܱտռ䣬Ǳˡ
һļϣ˵һӺǴ
Ԫƽһлģ˵˲ٺûȫȻ֪Щȫıȥ
һӺԪƽ¶̨ʱȻѵ
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˵Ųͷ˲ͿˡǱߺĿ첽ʱ˼
磬ֻҪӡ
ֻһ˼ǱǾܾɫĮҲΪޣΪ檡ġ
̫ͳҶѾӦ¡
ҲܡֻҪҲҪ˭ǿң
Ѵ뿪
һҪæŴˡӦòȥˡұõϣҸ飬ǱЩʰעˮôҲóѣ
磡ô𣿡ԪƽҪըֱӾͿܡ
Ԫƽˡ
Ϊ˲ȢѾһˡȻִȥ̫µ̬ȣûаա϶֣̫᲻ᶯҡ̫һɿڣʧˡ
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˵Ҫæ飬ȥסڴɶ֮ô磿
˼ȥôҲöԼ¡
һƣԪƽµ˲䣬Ѿһƫ̧ڷȥ
磬ȵȣһл˵ԪƽһƿԶ˲ǿվȣֱš
ô죬ֻ˵ô仰ѾȥǵĻᶼûа
Ԫƽתͦ죬죬ŵס
ֻҪȹ¶̨Чһġ
ƫһڵŵֱһŷ˳ȥ
֮ʱ۽ȻƳǰʮߵһɫӰһ֪ǴˡţƼˣá
һŭݣ͵תٴγԪƽȵ
ҵãҵҪƣΪж˼֣Ҹʱ䣬뿪Ҫߣ˽˿ߣ
磡
ң
չⲻů¶̨粻СڱģЩ
̬ȣһαһĮ
Ԫƽã֮ˡ
ʣŭ֡ϵܾô
վס˻»
磬ô뿪Ľ𣿡ܴ󣬴ۡһ֣˸뷨ߣŲȥ
Ųһ١
ԪƽȻϹһ˿ЦСðȻϵˡ㲻ԼĿˮ˱͡



483 ߽
ԣתͷ
ԪƽɶסˡԼ⽫Ӷ̽˳ȥ
磬ȥˡͳƵ»ܼϲ㣬ҲŹ㡣֮λΪֹǰҲ군
෴ңֻܵί㲻ɷ⣬ǰ;ƽ̹ѡܼ򵥣㻹Ҫ𣿡
вԪƽİ취ˡ
ЧС
ںⷨá
ԭѾͷȥϡɲֳɵĶֻҪӻ֣ܶ˶ܿɣҪˣŻɣйŮʱҪ
硭һݣԾ͵
һҧʲôҪ־
ȻǶĲģǳ£ֻˮҪǻǵñ󶨡ȻƫҪһ
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֡ȻЩǰΣգ
ԪƽһЧȻݵס
վ˱ߵľΡ
磬ܴأ

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ŭˣһԪƽɵ£
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罫ĺ۴ùĹĵģһĨ᧿Σʱе˵ĿܡĿִۣ˺ܾġ
ôˣԪƽҪԾ˴󾪡
˵Ԫƽվλǻͻһ¶̨·Ǻ棬ˮҲû̫ΣաɶԷϾǽεεĿǴӢ۵ĺ
һʱ䣬ϳ˸ָȰº˵Ҫ嶯
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ŤͷԱ磬ô˶ΪҳġǵҾãҪȥھǾͻΪĶۣô죿
ͻȻ;úܳ죬ôЩҲɢ˴롣
⽫˼֣˺˵ľ
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磬ЩˣЩҪǸʲô֮ٺȥ᲻ᱻǧָҾãǻϸָҲûáѹͼ޲㣡ֻأ
Ԫƽˡ
㣬ƵĻٴһٶζû޳֮ˣ׽ΪЦʱһɷ֮һϹţ
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ԪƽŲ˰֣λÿ²װϣƺٰ˵Ҳڴºġ
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̫ͣΣʱѾ磬˶ֻԼῴԼ

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ظʹһ᲻ɸʮ£
Ԫƽԥԥ
Ԫƽɵ£ǰһ
վסԪƽȡ֪±ˣҪȢΪޣҾȥҪǣң򲻵ѻȲɣв
ȡ֣룡
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Ԫƽҧһſ˳ȥء
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ѹˮ˵ˮԾȶཹེˮ³
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գǺգ
ǻʲô£ԮܻǿԵġ
ܶҲκˣ׷״ƽҪ˳ƾˣŹФԪƽ
˼вҲֱ֣ǸϽȥɽԣϺͳ͢ƴԪƽĪ˱߹ؽʿ֮ģĪðʧ

Ͽ࣬ȴǶʱɵһ̡
Ԫƽתͷ±ʱðȥġ
ȺڿԪƽΪԸ檲ԾϢҲǵɢɿġ
ʵκ֮ܳΪƻһڣҪԪƽˮȥһӡ֮
ûҲᱻüƻˮȥֺα⽫Ԫƽ⾫ϸѡڰգȥҲ˵¶̨أ¶̨Ǳգһˣͼڵһʱ˦ˣ滹ϻü䣿
ΪĿһԾٰ̬֮ѡĻͺΪֻеˡԾ㹻ҡ𺳺;ġ
Ϊ˸ṩ֣ĿǲŰжаװŽԪƽѾ߷вװӶ
Ϊһ˳£ǲŰǼ竡
ΪɿڣԲǰԪƽṦΰʱ˳ˮۣԸŮȥ֮󻹹ɿ˿˶ľ֣سԪƽѡУΪ߰յֵ
˿̲ûȻǸޣǸ檣Ȼûܡۿˮ̫ңβ߿
ԭûʮԪƽּԼֻǰٰǵĽڳԡ˭Ԫƽ˼ֻһ˳˱ƺõ·ûʲô
׼˰˾ͽȥġԪƽǿ֮ҲԽԽţĿľȻҲֱȥˡ
ˣǸպã
֪̫ţԲûŶ֣ԪƽֽĿŵ
ֱԥԥųְһѡ֪ˮһ㶼ʱ˵˵Ͳˮʱ䣡
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ٰ˵ˣȻԪƽһֱĶǸ߽ȻҪȫȥηǿȨԸͷ࿹ģӢ֮ӳ֣һȥ
֮λ䲻
֮λôǣᱻ˿ƺͰĻϳǷˣͳǷʴҲ



484 Ԫƽȥ
һСĹ򣬲ǺǰοͣҲȫ֪ԪƽԸΪͶ֮ˡ
У߸Χ˺üȦˡ
һʱ䣬ĴΪԪƽ
ôõĹô檣ϲٹӶʾǺԪƽԸȢΪӣú۰
ЩŵԽԽ˿ʼæԮҪȡԪƽΪ֮¡
ڵٴΰԪƽã
Ԫƽڱ˼룬˼ˮ΢ѡ
֪г̬ڱƤӵ£ԭα¶֪ǵصһԽδڵȡˡ
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ʹ֫ù̫Ů
ˣۿҪӣæͶȥһ
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ԪƽȷʵѾԶԤСĹŮҲûֵĵڳٵҲö֮۸ɿĵ
ԪƽӣٶȱϰӱͻعС
ԪƽҪΪǿ̫״
ûڣ̫Ƽҡͷº󣬱ǿдȥˡ
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һһʮϸϸӿȺͷ¶棬ⲽΧۻմմϲ볣СޣҪ˽İ̸˽ģİӡһû©
ʱʱϵİˣİֻкǵע⣬Ϊ֮ע֧֡
֪ū澶˸ΪźͱɻǼ뷨֧ū澶ˡʱū澶˱֡
һͰ»˻䣬һȥ˼˲֪ū澷ֵ
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ٿ΢΢ѪӡһǿŮɣ
ֽ֮ԪƽжԻ϶ԪƽƲɣͼӶ񣬴ﵽǿռ֮λĿġ
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ʵۣôģԪƽģǱŷӱԼΪأ

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⣬ϰɡ
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˴ϲһｻڵý⣬ºٵѽ
ڶգдϢˡ
ԪƽպƵգ빬ʥλΪɡͷΪ正;Ӵ㹬
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ٰ㶣Ц
ͦãͦãͦʺ
踺ˣܵɫԼ
ڵĹӲῴԼдԵŮһӵ䲻ſʵ۲⼸Ѿûʲôѡˡ
䶼ҪһԵʵֻĶӣȷʵܱ̣̫ǲС
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ĺã
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ˣˣҲֻ߸ϵˣ
㣬Ҳ˵һ֣û˻ίӣǺεҫ
ϲԺսˣֶˡԾأأڵȥӡ
ʵۺ˰ʢҳ֮Ůչˣܳɾһμѻ
Ϊ正ǣ˵ԪƽĹ͵һءŶöˡ



485 ǰû뵽
ԪƽҪ빬Ҳǿ֪
ʵۿĿȻ谮ֻὫΪ衣ţ£ĵİ衣
ʵˣԪƽĿҲջأ⣬Ҳסˡ˿̵ϣҫҲʣʲôˡ
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㣬λСӣûù˼״ӦҲá
סĲһϱ߻ѹ
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Ϣĵһʱ䣬а빬ԭΪԪƽ⼸䣬ʵֻɿƻͻ顱͡ıҡԪƽÿһʵ۶֤ȷ䡣
аڨڨͻȻԪƽп֮ɵײҡƫƫͼݵģġ
ʵۻ޹׾Ѫ֣顣ˣΪצǴӺζ㶼ʲô޲δ׷ԼΪ֮
а׻һݣߵء
֪ȥԼܣҲǻá
ִֻ̫٣ҪҪٵ׼üױ
ʵۣ޻ǵױ޴ͻ飬Ҫǵͷױǡ
аԭȰ˵ʵͼѾźԪƽʵɫʵѿǽ˻ȥգ˿̻ʵͷϣ»ǵȼױ˵ɡ
а׵ʻҲ˻ʵִۣ̫٣Եÿһ㣬ñ¡
Ǻܿдԣ
Ԫƽ뾩ȷϣٵúɾ빬һգΪʥϷ۷Ľ֮ġҪϽһЩڴչԻϹġ
ҥ˵ҪڱΪ檺󣬲ǰȻ˺Ȼعк˲֪⡣ʺͻϸ丸ѫ빬
Ϊ˲ӰӺʽǰ
ˡʵӣȻǹߴĴڡд׷Ҳ֡˭˵ʲôʼƽϢ

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Ԫƽ£Ҳ˱ǸƲɵϸϷԪƽھǣΣȴҲôܶ޽١
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ˣҲ԰ġ
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ʵ̸ˣԼܳŵʱֱӴλʱڸţݲҳţٰżҳѹţż⡣ʱλļɡ
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һָ꣬֡еˡ
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Ŭš
ůůӣҸط˵
ܺáߣҪͣ˵仹Ӻ󴰿һۡ


500 ϲù
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ٰˣȻáֻٰҪٰ£ǲƻСɣϤİĺ˵ϻҪҪ뾩ܹ鲻ˡ



501 뾩
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ˡٰʾСɸ˲衣кӽůһС˯ˡʱʱģ⺢ӻһ鶯̤ܲʵܾСŽۡ
ǰԤϵһ᲻ףû뵽ôס̾͹ȥˣӲС⺢ӱߴ˺ü£ɿȴ߲ĴС̫ˡ
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·֪ںҸҲȥˡɵʱԶҲóȻȥ׷ӻûϡ
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502 ޿
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ֶٰĸӵۺͲƽԹٱҲڶ
Χ򱧲ƽ֮ԽԽࡣ
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Ԫƽָ׶ڷֻ޲þٰͷץ˺Ƥ
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ˣٰЦ˵ǰݷأ



505 ˭Ц
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ֹҲ˵ˣμΪסˮ׼ˣȥĿӣˮ׼ˣūţǲĸߴߣΪŮ˸ūһţ



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Ӳǰʱ䣬³һڵתů֮ʱͻȻ͵Ϯһ̬͵ϮδˣǳɽӦռΪӪѸٲʳΧؽ硣
ɶعϡδ㹻θڡɶȥӣȷɽϱ߾ˡ
˭뵽ӾȻԶὫĿɽ
ɽ׼㣬һطأһѸٵ
ռƶ񤣬ֻҪסԷûвԶ᳷ˡ˭룬ӾǲˣʼһһδģĽ
ɽʧɫⲻϳץͷƤ벻װͲһδγѹԤﵽܱ߰˳ɡʱΪܹŹɽֱڶغ
ɽԶõı㡣غǲֱ򲻿ɶҲȥԮ
ڣһֱһǿĽɽʾסˡ
һ˰Ӽȡ
һӼﱨӱа˵ʮ򣬸ƺÿն
˵ʵۣȫˡ
벻ס
һһϳô϶ðŷѩݳѩԭ˵ʵȥ궬ǰѾʼƣ
֪Ƶطģ͢û֣లҲû֣
ǵĲģలûֵһãӲùд棬Ҳɽˡ󲿶ӶƵĿС˭֧ţ˭ǲôǵģ
Щɡ
賿мӼ鱨ɽδλ⣬̣Ѷ˹ٶأѹǡǵƽٶȣʵ̫ˡ֮
Ͽʼ
鲻ϣﻹûʰɾ޵׶һ㡣ٳһʿ˲ƣԹص
ֲܲܡ
ͼڳɽȷʵ
ܲˣƽٶȣɶòһ¡ϣ뾩ǶǧءɽǣŲ˰ءɽˣҲΣ
Ӧԣ



508 ʵ۵˼
糯ʱ

һɽļѸ֯÷׼ΧԴִ״̬
ڶɽɻ̫࣬͢ǲһ֧ǧ˵Ĵ̽Ѹǰɽռ·鱨þǵһʱõһ־顣񱻽ݲϣݲѸ֯һ֧ǧ˽ԼεĽͳ
ʵ۽ѹʼలʩӡ
ʵۣµȻɽƣȴ뷢ȻɽΪల֣లȥæҲӦӿѸٴݳɶǱǸలжȻ򵥡
Ըӱలలڵ塣ԣԭóëϣ͢Ϳʡ´ʿ֧ˡ
һڳĿ϶
ǰలû֮ҲˡǳҲ޺֮ǣٲţԴѹϣɶ˳õ˵һٽӸϳǧ֮أ
˵ˣల϶ָ֣ơɽ֮Խڽڰˣ˵Ƕ·Ϥ˽⵼¡లһû׼һ£˱أ
ʥⱻٶలȥ
ʵҪల㾡ȫԿٶ֧ԮɽأɽոʧأӸϳ߾
ͬʱʵۻίԼε佫ӡԶͰ·ɣһһһ·ǰలʩѹѹలʮ־ȥִо
ʱʮ
ʮյɽš
ԮҪҪݺͱԽԽá͢Ѹ֯սʡ
£͢ٲԸҲòʼӡ˭п̲ݻأ
˵֮
ֿʼͣǰ󹬣帻Ҳʼ
һʼϺַ
֪͢ల֧Ԯݿ϶ҲϡȻҪ͸ݱˡ
ʳһãҲڲ֪ʼߡ
ʮɽвõһδϵ֧Ԯأ㱻ٴеӴ˸šԮɢ֧Ԯδɡ
˵Ұ뺷࣬޲ֺǰհ壬սǿ;ʮ㣬Ϊŵ֣ƻֺ꣬۹ⳤԶһһ׼
¶ʮ¾飺ǰʧء
ȻζӾ뾩ֽ˰ʮء
ʱ󣬴ǧǰɽ̽ս֣;Ľͳһ˵Ȼˡ
Ǳ˺ۣѪ
ǧˣȫûֻʣһˡ
𾪡
ʾŴ̽ų͢սϿķǶȥʱӰǵжϡ
ۿ쵽طȫ۳ңٳ̡ʱȴ˷ʱǲ֪ԭǰһѱӴ£ɽȻر𴦡
Ϊ˱ܿɽΪڸ̻ͳۼûɽսܳҲûܽӵɽ鱨Ͷ
ƣ֧Ӽ꣬ȫԱ·ߣֻƴɱ
֮ͣʱʮ⣬Ƿ򣬴죬˷ǣɱ
ǾˣȫԱս
ֻһ
ܻ֮ӿ裬һһȵĽŽ󱻷šأΪ˴ؾ飬ء˿ϢԸл
ѻȸ
ǰŸյɽ鰡
ʱ䣬ˣ
ˣͳɽֻһ졣ɽսܵϢûԵ̽ûյϢȫˡ
պãͲôһ㡣
һ㣡
ɡܾЩɣ
Ǳ˶ûַʧأ֪һ֧ڽӽǰ
˵ͨ
мϸ
Уƺ֧ܽǧ˾ȫҲܽΪղɽѳϢˡ
漰ӦԵģ֪˲࣬ȫںȦġ
ϸڳãǧ˽
ԭΪͳѹ͢ɽټʮգԲȵǡ
ɷǾôʧˡ
ʱ˺ͣôƺڼ
Щ£ȻһʱŪˡ
ȻҲȫǻϢ
ల˰Ӽ౨͵
లѾʼ֯లͳشȷʮڣల֯ǰɽ֧Ԯʾ߾ȫϳܡ
ʱ䣬ǰдġ˿صӦ߳ˡ
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ˣԽ£ʱలˡ
లնԿӵı£ӺֱˣలעһͶѹ˳ɡ
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ҲûϢܽӵֻһϢܾ͸
ٰҪ磬СǰϲȥǼɽͤ
ǲ룬ı硣
ǰĺ
ںƾơ
ԭĺలص͵͵ҵలŵֵġĹ֮󣬾;ñƴ
ǵల𣿡ٰ
үȲѣ㾡ȷʵġҵĵкöࡣ
Ӳڣûܸǣ㲻˵˵లҲҵļңүҸĸҲҵļ¡ĲҲŽ⡣ٰ˵档ܲĲ󲿷Դʲôһ֪⣬֪һ㡣
ĺһʱȴ֪Ӻ¿ڡ
ݽǻŵİ´սǰݽߡүǰүǣΪ龫ǣѣһĹڱ߽ľһɵõģȴǻɡ
ĺ˵˵ţˮ⡣
뾩ߣģ竣ȢûȫġΪЩˡӦӻలΪֹӵȥǰߡĿģ˭ֲ֪˿ֱү
ĺû˵ǰһֱߥ޻ʵ۶లֵ껣Ҳల˼һֻʵۡ
ôƵģٰҧҧ
ʥּȥˣүȻҲӡүǺˣԭɽѣҲӲܡζԸ϶ӡү˼ȷ򣬺ٷˣѾలɶõһ
లԼѾ˼ˡ
ȻȥӡԶȴԶԶ
˵ˣҪలƴȫ
లԥ֮󣬱ʾһȷ򣬺
ӡԶҡͷ
లãǲгˣּۻ۵£
లలֿӡԶȴలǰͳʮʮ򣬶ʮӺųʮలǷΪһ֮˽ʵ֮ӣ
లֱԩ
ӡҲ佫Ȼսеġųơˮֶʱ˾͸Գʮˣʮ˾ܺųưల֮ʱҲʮˣؿɼ
Уͳʮ򣡡
ӡԶӵ̫죬ĵలҪͶ䡣ʲô˼ʵҪలһ
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ӡԶؽв豭ϣǲˮζŵలϡ
ȫΪǽ飡֮ԱǼලġүҪΪѲǣ
Ǳ·ɴһȦ̽Ϣల˿ԼĪǰǧˡ
ӡԶҿలһˣలˣ
లҡͷóలͿˡʣµģֻƽˡ
ӡԶ˵һ飬ⲻĵͷ
أ
ĶӻϣĶϱŮӶھǡӡԶЦ
в
᣿ֻϣలһ֣Ͼеǰ»ԴΪأϣү⡣
սһٴʤү׹ܽӸϳүʷܽǴԪలҲǳͷ󻼡
Ҵ־ɳǣֿУһ׮ѻǣʱ򣬶үмģɲֹల񣬻ɽʹܵǲӢۣ
ӡԶ⻰˵úలȫԸѵỹһĿģ
లǺǸЦڴ幰ȥʵ۾ڳ޶ʲôȨ˵
ֻӦ
ӡԶͷָల裺һү

־ģҲָలʩ˵԰ɣ

ĺԽ˵Խ
үûѡ̸ʱల⣬ӡԶȥǧˣ⣬·ڽѵ¡Ӱأ˵˵Ǳȡ
ش˽ٰУӡԶ·ɣүһǽү߲ձȫ̡ǣǹల
ˡٰüͷҲ㵣ĵģǻϴ̣ͼలɽɱʵ໥еµģˡ
లն
ʵǸ˼ֱల׸𡣶లǣɽûѸٻ£˵ʵֱӾͿԽ·లɱɽ
ⳡ̺ɽʵ𣬻ǻʵɳƽݳ²õĻᡣӮˣ㹦ͣǧһۣ



509 ʲô
һϸ룬ٰķ
԰ĺû룿
Ȼأ
ǰȻأٰ뻳ɻʵ˼ûల˼ǰλᱻɿʼղలĻɣ¶ҲҪ뾩£
ٰȴͻȻץ˰ĺһո˵ܹɳ˽ٰ
ǡ
ٰĻǻϰӵһˡ
֪١ĺȻǰ֪һ㡣ǽİɣ
ٰһ͡Լ¶ˡ
ǰģ˻ܣĻ
ǰյϢ
ǰУЩ£껻Ӷðʵ۱µİˣ̫ƽ꣬治ҪôЩˡλʱֻ١ʱ껺ٻԹ̫٣Ϊ˺ս²֣λ㿪ʼаЩٰ֪ġ
»ʵ۾ȻĵõԼ˵óȥܲѰ˵ͼ
һִðҲˡʵ΢ţҪİҲͼʮ̳棬̩ɽݣѲĴŻõٰ
˿ɳȥİڻʵģǲǿΪʵ۽ల¿ñ»ˣҪûͼ˭ţ
ĺЦ
ԣµûдѴˡôڴʲôڲʲôˣҪŪʲô£Ƿʤɽⲿ˻ɢɽֻⳡ̲ô򣬲˭˭ǲ˭ǻȸʵۺͳ͢ߣ
ٰͷ
룬̲סĲ²ѹѹõĵط롣
Ҳһ᲻Ūˣ·ȥలߴİȴҲһȫǰǰӦжΣױֲǡǿó֮Ľ۰ɣ
ĺҡͷ
ӡԶ·ɲһ·ɴలలһձ˶ţ¶Ϊ衣аʲô·γɱܷӦˡలͻȻٸ֣һʱͷˡ
үһûнǾֻйЩƮмڣʱȷǶǰ˷ɢŸ֧ӪүҲյϢ֪Ϊˡ
·ΪүʵѸٵͷѹûǻĸݣ̽లѶϢֱүǰĿȷѹȣŽ˰塣үǼ棬ȷ·ɴȫǻϰ
˳Ĭˡ
ٰɫ
ζţలпӲһ
లޱפأలలԶ绹˰ƣԶϣٰͺӡھǡ
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లһƣʵۻల𣿻𣿻ʵΪ˳˴ǣǲǻǰలһƣϵػΣ
һлصǰ
˽ԴӶԷ￴˵ǡ
ȥҵȵȵȡٰѸ뿪
̫ˡ
Ϊ뵽һֿܡ
ʵ˼ߣжĺôܱܵÿⳡѣ
లзģԼͺǾǻʵв롣ϧѪԼĸӳ£ʱһ˲
ʵʰలҲδػŹԼͺǰɣܻలѪһʵ۲ֶ
ֻһ룬񺮱塣ܲסܹҲ
ȻᱣͺӡɾǾס𣿵ûŸһ͵ܵܣ˵ǰ֮ѹʱܲ˲
ٰˡ
亹˲ʪС
طʱٰǺʪ˿һ԰ףݲһ
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ݲüͷ΢
һʼû·ɴİˣȷʵǻʵ۵İ
ˡҲ̫ۡ
ݲԥһ£
ٰһలǲȫһֱలеġ߿룬ⳡսأ壬͢һ֪ȴǧ˻Ҫ衣ҪξмһԼĿأ
ʵգʮ˰͵͵ǰǰߡ̫࣬ⶼǴսҪ׼ٵĹ۲ϲδжల֮⡣
ô˵ȷʵҲе
ٰҪ֣֪𣿡˭˲֪˿ݵڵĹϵܲ˵ѾĻ¿ʼˡ浽ʱôңĻᶼû
ݵĬ˺ܾá
ҲҵĺҲʲôʲô
һ䣬ٰݲ˵ġ
һӺ԰ĺ˵һĻ
ڼɽһʱ
ļգٰԡŷ˺ΪɣԺʼл͡
˭ҲûֻһκҪʱ͵͵ԺСųȥһˡ
˵Ӣ汻ųˡ
仹̫ԺУ㲻УԺ߶
κ˵ճ̫̫ţȥһۣû˵˼䡭
κΪŮǰ̣ܻᶯӣ̽Ϣˮƽͦһ㡣
ǰһЩʳ鱾ȥӢ
һӢ䵭˶ڡ
Ҳ˼㣬Ҷ㡣Щ鶼˼Ҵġκ˼ڸǣͶʵۺ󣬾ͽȥ˰һԺѧ
ӢһţԴӲ̫Щӻɹ
½ע⣬Ҳ±͵ӢԺͤ£Ƚĳˡ
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ִȥκһϿһˣ񡣿ǸˡѾɻ飬ûϡκϹС˸Խ˵Ļ̽
Ӣԣһ̧ͷ׹绢Ҳ˸顣
ʲôʱ򣿡
¶ʮ
˵ѳɻ飿
ǸˣǣӦǷްɡҲһֿˡ
κϰӢҲò˾ûɲ߶԰ɣڶӸҲãҪȥİĵġ
Ӣ޺ĥκָؽڶŰס
ϢĵˣҪҡ
κһ㣬ڡ
ڡعμˣֻұأչ˺Լ˵ܿͻҹӡʲôû˵뿪ˡ
Ӣ̫̫˵˰ʱĻԼʱȴֻвʮϢԼʲô
̯֣Լε֣һʹ
ڶӸУҲûˣûһۡ۰
ˣ˳ĵȴ
ϣĳĻˣˡ
ոһա
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ձųȥʹ̫̫̫̫˵ôߵġܳöлúôţԺܻкӵġȥ
ʲô
ܳԺкӣ
˰ɣǣΪűһһΣӽӸμҡ
뿿˿̵ǽĴүεļ̳ˣǵճӣ빬ĸ߹ݣʳǣǵ֡
ôͷһжˣôĺȣ
ǺǣǰʲôŮˣôϲ㣬ɽʲôӣûȥȣûǣΪĸԸӦţͽҰɣ
˾ھȴȥκ֣ҲŵǽܾȳȥͱԺܴɣɲǳĴ
ԭѾؼˣôùȥĺӶ˰ɣԼӣͲΨһˡһ˿ϣ
ҺҺμˣĸμңΨһ޵ģֻ㡣
κɫ΢͡ҲμˡӢΨһƵˡ
ͳһ㣬Ҳö˵䣺úôţײ̫̫һ㣬ԺӲܺһЩܳȥȥɡͼĸ֮ˣٰҲǣֻҪԣٻܻеġ
Ӣšһ
ֻҪлᣬһҪȥҵһҪϻաµòΣеߡ
κϳٰĴȡֻȥһΡӢҲǺǺӣţǼ⣬ҲǿˡҪѰݼңҲٸɰɡ
ٰӦ
Ҳ֪ӢΡСԼԽεȺûǰôãγĹ˵Ľκ󣬶ԵܲˣӦʲôԺٿɡ
ŵģĴʧܾˡϺ͵ûҵˡ
ˣ˵죬̫̫ˣ
ǣȴμ˳²ҵĻ磬ǶһҶơ
˳²Ƽңٰ֪μһֱáⲻϡ档
Ҫǣ̫̫Ϊ֪ʵ۶μԲôţͻȻʼѽһ죬ǲǿʼʵźţ֪ʵڲμˣļƻڽУ޿ˣ
ٰͮ˳²Ҳ̫̫ҶƵļҶ˶סˡ
пϧƺվѰĻ硣̫̫ļҲϹŶֻһΣѹ涼û¶˼С


510 ʵ
¶ʮ壬లΡ
˴లĴ£ǰɽ֧Ԯ
ల;£ȫתలļλ岮ֵС
లرһ±գల಻̤ʵֻÿʼбľػؾӪ
֮ڣֻǿֲڸҪ
׽⡣
ȥԭʣǧྫĶֻֽϻֻϣɽսսүӴల
ʱ͢ĵڶҲ׼ʼǰߡ
µ׵ʱܵǶһһ
µش󺵵ѿʼԸľֿܵڷԡΪս£񾭹һ£ɢΪȫ½
ǵؤһ¶˲١
ٰҲΪΧӪʣЩ񡭡
һ࣬ΰײá
պڸڲ
ɽ㼯ʮͼʮΪ԰ϳ֮ˣѹáǳֻܼ͢Ӵ֧ԮͬʱҲֻʱԴӦɽ뷨ʱɽس
ǽⱻӪֻ칦˽ˡ⻹ֻǿʼɣӣܵʤãǣ񻹽ԽԽࡣ
Աǰ󹬶ʼ˾
ǿ׼˵ݣۿףǣܵһⱻãĺʳʼˡ
ˡ
ٰ
⼸˽زһֱڴۣԼ¶ֲʮ¡ǰг͢棬ٰҲͷڹ꣬û
Ϊģǰ״ǻǡ
صԭǰȫġɴ˿һ˭ƼֱӱֻǱ͢ãĶȥһ
ɽرۿ㣬Ҳƺη壬ʼϢġɽ⼸޻Ϣ˶˿
ɴδȫʮలȴǴϢ
ǰల뿪죬ȥ˿·ϣ̶ӵĻȫˡֵܼ
Ӳలر飬Գûˡ
లԭ߾ͳ˿ֲ㣬©ٳЩһһ׼δ٣ӲıԲǧˡ
౨లġ
ǼలӦٻ㣬ֱӶؼ·ϰల֯ΧˣСгЧֻһνӴܣһڱʵƣĴۡ
ల֮飬ͷǧֱ֣ӽȵۺ̫̫ȫ˳Դ͸ŲʵӱԱǵôߣ˿లǣ˵·زסలҲѷء
ԴǳϿңǿ·ҪǧƴԴһʧأ׼ߣҲܽٸܵе״
ʵలˣ
ֳˡ
˾లȷʵȫ֧ԮҲ˾లֻӲоΪ壬ల˵ǹҪʵ
ݲڳϣһֿδֻ۲ʵۡ
Ҳ֪ʵ۾ô롣
లѾ·ʱ䣬ȷıӦҲ쵽طˡʱͷʱȫڰ·ˡ
ʵڿڳһŪĿڡ
о̣ʲôĲȣలò¶Ĺעһ˿ϢҴȥ˺˼룿ٵؾలలɽల̲ô򣬾Ѿˡ
Ϊӻԭı⡣ɧల˵ҲΪ˱లԻɽѹ
ʵ˵ейԱӦ͡
Լǡ˿ɽս³Խ򲻿ðաల˵㣬లӦҲ¶ˣ
һ䣬ǻʵҪġ
Ҷˡ
ӽȫɽѹռءǾųϵıɽôలĻҲЩں֮ڡɽల·̫ԶǱʱ໥Ӧల俴ſ飬дΣա
ûлسలҲΪ˴֣һ̣һ¡
ǣӴ˿ȥలռˣܺγȥˣȥలһ⣿
ٳҲͬ뷨లسһ֣糯͢ȥలոʧأʹӡ
ǰһһֱԹ͢ల𣿸պÿҥԡҲల֪ͬ͢顣
͢һ᲻ӷУúýѵǣ͢۷硣
͢లصŲ㣬ΰæպÿոһ

ܶ೯뵽У򲻿ʧ
ݲ͵͵ͷдĻʵۡ
ʵǻʵģҲȷʵ۴˾ٴΪ˴룬Ϊ˽͸ȥల
Ҫల϶ܴȫʤ״ġϾలҲֻҪسٽɽӵıలٵӲˡҲÿζǧ͵Ϯ
ҲΪôԻʵ뷨ŸᶨŴ˿̳͢ʵ۲˵󡣱Ͼǰһ֧ԮϣǰǰӾܵص
ݲҲɿǵǰŮᣬձѡ
͢లӮ֮أ
ʵۿɻЩνս֮ʵȻ䡣ôʱܻҪల
֮లҪ֮£ԼɣǻҪʲôʱ򣬳֮ȻȻˡ
ݲͷһǡ
ڳ˳ʥࡣ
ʵʽľҪӦలǲ̫ӣǰలܣలһ·徻
ɵˡ
ɶ⣿ˣ
Լ̣
ǰۣõĲǻʣȴҲ֧ʣ˿õʲôСʮʮأ˵ָӺɱˡ
ʡ
ͷҪȴյ˻ʵľ档
ֻڨڨ죬ȴһ
ʵۿһ̾
ֻ֣к˳ǰ
֪ûо̹ûףòʤΡģʻõĽ㣡ҪѧϰԺҪǻҪһξ飬ȥ£кô
ʵѹĻᡣΣյġȥƽ𣿡
ʵ۶ɷѿġ
Ӳ۲ִǵϣȵ껲̫Զǳǰգ˽ȻὫ̫Ƚϡʵʱգ˶Ϊ껱Ҫʺλ̫ࡣ
ʵֻܾӳıˡ
û취Խġ
ȼѾһ룬϶һֱû͸æżϻ𡣶ǽ£λᡣһ׮׮£ôһֱѹ
ϼҽ֮ҩʱͱʹĲηչԺԼˣûڣҽôٻʱ䡣
ꣿ̫ˣ
»ʮ꣬Լŵ꣬Ҳ˶ǵøٵɣ
ʵǣҽ˵꣬˵μԪμĸʣ̩֪ʱտ޶ˡ
ֱҽ˿״̬չǶã
һꡣ
һꣿ

Ȼ
ֻһڽΪʲôˡ
˶̫ӻԷڣҪԼԼ֣ҪеҪڵ֧֣Ҫڱ
õİ취⣬õֶΡ
ɱ²ǻͿڱ;
Ȩ;µҪĶһЩ֣Ĳˡʵ۴㽫ЩλĵطǿҲһѹ
ԣǻʵ뵽õİ취
̫ӣ޶Ϊ˴ܣΪ˳͢Ϊ˰գ͸õΪ̫ӵְ𣡡ʵһû˵Ļᡣ
ԸЭ̫ӵ²ƽలӣݲ¹
ȥȥ
ȥԲŮŮȥˣƽ⽫ơһб뷨Ƕðࡣ
벻
ݰӧȻҴܶ⻼ݰ仹ڳã޲ŸİģЭ̫֮д㡣
ʵ۾Ȼܾݲ衣
ݲɵˡ
లѳ׼ңȥʡʵ׽ļԱͽѳҲֵԼ˲ǣ
ʵ۾ɳЭ̫ӵģ߰
ʵۣɽԼɳȥױʱй
ݲһףʵ۾ǲԸలйϵ֮ǰ
һ㣬ǲǡ֤ʵ۶లͼȻʵҪƽеӣɨలͷݲѲô롣
ǣ仹ڻԼȴҲһ漰һԼᵲ·ɣ
ݲҲãʲôˡԼްϾݼҿѫУֻҪˡŮలˣȷʵΣգôҲñסˡ



511 ȫĴ
ʵ۵˱Ӫ򣬼ǧ̫˺͸߰
ڶվڰలˡ
֪оǴźǿϰµҲ¡
͵͵˲ٵֽʣ뵽ױġĮֱɽƹ紵ݵͼţ򡱣ƽɳçç족һȸԾѡ
ʵ۱ʾúøڸ߽ţñʡ
󣬹̫֣ǲˡ
ʲô󲡣Ƿ纮壬ʹˣвȥЭȨкѹ̫ϣæڳһʱԲˡ
ʵΣ˿󹬡ɳɥ֮ʹͶһͷ¶涼Ըɲλݲ㣬գʵֻýЭȨٴν˹С
ɽţలĵһԮѵӴη壬లǰʱ㲻սˣսߺʮʱֻթ׷ոʮغԭפలգг
ɽʾ˿̾ʿһٴʤһµƽпܵľ״ûʵüͷչ
ܰˡкˡ
ۿһˣʵ۴ϲ
ĺϢûʵ۾ãתһж÷̩ˡ
లˡ
̫߰ӲӸలãһӡ̽ӱԷֻˡ߰ð֮ˣ㲦ˣ̽һ̽Էʵ
˫ӱǿԾǾӴ뿪ӲԻǿڳ͢϶ԷԵεϤܿʧ
һֻ̣ܹ˲ӣߵʮˣֻܾʮ˵Ĵۣνʤ
ʿ߰鼤ʤ΢ܿһȺӡһսʤʮࡣ
һֱలʱܹȺӣ˵ȽѲǷ˰ʱ䣬ʮ۵ʹɱԷʮ⣬ͦôġ
ҲԴĺȤ

ʵ۸ˡ
˵ǣƣǿȥսʣʵԲ̫ǿˣ͢ȥలıలܹˡԸӲˣԲڻ¡
ôһ˳иµʱʰˡ
ã
ʵȥţһ߰뷨ӽ˵һᡭ
ల֮󣬸߰˾ܾలͳһձȵĽ顣
ֻҪ˼·򵼣м뵽·²жС߰û취ǰ̫ոԲలͣýʤʵȫ̫ӡȻͳ֧ʵҲûҪల͡
·೤ڵ㲻٣ֻలڱ㣬û㹻̫һдȥ˳Ҳ˳Ȼ̫ӵҲ˳澰̾Ȼ
һжá
ñʱÿͣ˴ֲ
ˡ
ϵˡ
ˡ
లˡ
żΪ̫ӻ۹ѫˡ
Ȧס
ǵ̽ӷǧһ̶ӽϴ٣̫Ӻ͸߰ǧǰȡӲƼԿٲ׼롣
̶Աаٶ࣬һҡźΪ͢ľ߰Ĳ¼ӴӴܣٶԱǰö࣬ȻŹ˻ᡣ
ǰСС֣̫ҪһĴʤ֤Լ̫ˡο̶ֺ֧͹ڴﵽջĿġ
Ƕչ׷
ǧû뵽ǰ߻ڵǡ
ǲƬɽʱǿ⣬
ӣ
ܶӣ
ǰӶԸలʱǧ֮˰ɣ
һΣҪӵĳǡ
߰ų֧źţԵʣһǧǰӪȡ֮ǰ̫ӵÿ׷С
ٵٴγ˹ؼ
ӾԽԽ׷ǵ̷Χ֮ڡ
߰ѣ¸ٺǧأȫס׷
¶Ϻǧˣɱ
ѵУ˻ͷǸǧһ䴩ɳȾ죬ʻǰš
Żˣ
һ̵ٲûɳǲпѪȡ
ͯӰǰһڣһϮеôɽ𡭡
ⶼʱ䰡
ÿһϢģ
߰תͷɽˣǧѲڣһɱֽƽ
ֻ߰ǧˡ
ȥֻжԷ֮һʮ֮һ֡ôӣ
ôѾ˹ȥ̫ӣ
̫߰ӣǰ͵ǧ
Ƿųźŵһʿ̫ӻͳףָʾʿð̫ӣ׷
̫߰ӣŶʮ˵ĶСӣɽʱϵäڣ͵͵һȥ
߰ԮԶʮ⣬ϹҪʱ䡣
һǧ˸ϵطʱֻ͢ΧŴ
һԮüգʹ˳롣
ǧ˵Ķˣֻʣ˱νҰܡǸ̫ӵʿж
ʵյűݡ
һ£Ǹ̫߰ӣǳӡӦѾ׶༪١ԷȻһҪԸľͳ֮ˡ
̫Σһ·վƥٶȵ־İ
ϣս֮ͳ˰գδѰ̫ӵ߽ټ
Ȼ
˵ʲôʵٿһȴվ̫һѣٴεΡ˵̫ʧˣ
ֱ뾩ΪֹȻδѰ̫ӵ¡ǰߵءలλ䣬ӽթӦսѶȲСҲԶԭԤҪѲ࣬Ҳͳ˿ԶԶ
ǰһѾǧķ֮һԮҪѰ̫ӣӦӣȻ˲á
ǰΪɱӶմմϲСͷӴʤֱЦ
ʵš
Դ۶۵š
̫ʧ٣Ǽ˼ˣѾˣǳ⣿
̫ҪûˣĻλô죿
λ˭
ܵģû˶ɣ⻼֮ʱ˭ѸӿҲûӿԵΰ
ԣԲܷ̫ӣ
ȥ꣬ݴ߰һְȷһţȫѰ̫ӣ
ʵ۵ϣ
ȻֻʱϢ
˵ܾ̫󣬽ԵκͻϤѰ̫ӣĶԿܾΪĿ꣬ˮһ㣬סܾ׷͵ϮܾǾܡܾǱٻš
ɶǣǻüȦס
һΣǰȥܾʿս£װ̫ӣһ˺ȡܾ̽һƣ㼸ܾģˣȹ֮ϰתȻǰӪȡǰİ˵ɳӡ
Ƶ״üΣܾɣҲòǰһѰ
˱һңѰ̫ӵʱҲ
̫ɽĮ˺ҹ
һڰҹҲݷԵӣܾڰҹȫޣƥ㣬׸ȺҲû
ʵ౨ͳҹĻʱ˰ӼͳģʱΪֹδѰ̫ӡܾء
ʵֶһǰľ
ΪѰ̫ӣ϶˻లǻ򼸴򡣿ʮʱȥ֧ܾ״ֻ㡭
ʵۻˡ
Ҳˡ˭ʵ岻ˣ̫һ£Ǳҡ⻼ٲȣ֪ٶలֻ·ల˺ݣɽ֪ӻ᲻ʤ׷һ·ϡ
ôΣӣ
ЩʱȰ˵ʵ۱లرĳҲ׷ױ졣˭أ
ʵ۸ǰաˣ̴òã
УУҰĴˡЩǴ
һΣʵڶݲϡ
µ񣬻˭ȥʰо֣
ʵۣݲ裬߼ŵùõ佫ˣ
ݲյ˻ʵ۵һεģӧԸѰ̫ӣӡ
ʵ˽ݲ裬˿ءʱǷݲ費ˡܼ߽ݲ趼ʡ
ʵۺܺڣ˽ģʵ̫ǰలʵѡݲ衣ƫͻͷˣʮһ߱Լĸ߰ȥǴ֮
ݲʾһȫԸ̫û䣬Ѱ̫ΪһĿꡣ̫ܣȫ̸С̫ûˣһɱΪ̫ӱ
ʵ磬˵Щ貹͹Ļ
ΪĻ̻̣̫ʧٵϢѹ£δ˿̵ľڶ̫ǰСʤֵ
ݲҪԲ᲻֪
ݲٰЩš
ܻţ
ܷ꣡
ȥôǰƵ㻹ԽԽˣǰˣలɱǰڻʵ۶లȫռɵȥճ
⡭ΪΣ
ΪηһжˣЩ·غȥ·
ٰ⡣
ôֻΪ


ΪɣΧضӸĽ˺ܶ࣬ͻΣʲôûٰ֡ɶӸеصݵԴҹˣûУξÿʵл㱨ʾ쳣
μͬƽ˾
ٰɹʣõһռˣշҡ˲̽󣬷ԼǶˡ
֣ƾԼ㲻ˣ벻



512 Զ
ǰԮǴæ̣ݲʱ׼
ǻʵۿ͵ǵҪʱ䡣
֮ǰΪͱӻ˵ʵԤдôȻ˿ԶԶġȻڻٺ;ϱȲԷôֻװѰˡ
ʵ۲㱣ˡ
ҪЩ
ӪݲѪԵ̣ҲǴһ֧Σʵ۴ñӪΪˣʿģң򲻻ʧ֡
ǰϼ̫ıʵܴһֶԱӪԴ˿̵ıӪֻܱҡ
ʵ۴㾩ʣµıӪȫݲ裬ٴӾܸٳˣڴݲС
ʵƿҲݲ裬ԸֻҪݽ裬ڱ뾡蹩
ʵۻԵ˼ලݵΣʾһк֮ǡ
ݲ켸û˯׼
˶֣ǵٰǰǺͻϵķ뿪ǰҲ˰š
ȵ˻ʾݲһֱнһ֧εĽڽסֵ˻һ
뾩ǰ˴ıӪͳԶ˶ٷͮͬϯһɿ顣ֻ뿪ԶĹԱݲãﱱӪֵɿ
Զݲѡ֪֮¶ǣظָĵرʾݸҪ˵
ݲͷҪľŵ
ݲ軹ͮȥլǿ̫ʵ۴£Ҳҫһʱ佫˲ϰ䣬񶼲ҰæӦսʱԼеĹģȻһӦ£ʾݼѻἫ
ݲ軹ȥ˳츮˾;кȥ¼ҵȹϵ佫֮һ⣬ֺһΧضӸĽŻġ
һİװūͽ뽫ֽ֮˽ˣ½ȨȫٰͮС
ˣķвˡϰģūǣ١
һ²ɼˣٰɾò
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ݲָ˸Ůͷˣ̫ģú̥ڻǸϲȡǰ
˵öԣٰͷǲδᡣ
֮ǰıԵȥˡɽ㣬Եȥˡల˵飬ε
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ǾһһƺеĿĶˡ
ĿɲֹǾԼ֮ҲûˡڲڣҲڣ粻ڣڡ
ʵۺͳ͢أҲǲ״ɣ
ܴ͢佫ˡ
ٺñ˵ʵۡ
ĲĻʵۣԭε˾Ͳ࣬أӪ֮ͳҪˣʢ־ͳţͳ󽫾ӡԶ·ɣ߰ôЩӸλ佫Ҳھ
ܲţ
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⼸Ѿü˲ǣֻҲûٱˡ
ǵ˼αÿҲǧˡܵصı٣ո򲻳⡣Ѿһܺˡ˼룬ܽ񣬾Ǵûӡ
ûѡˡɽ·Զ޳ĪȲȥᡣɽలǲòƽʧҲ᧿ΣˡԱ̫࣬ȣǲò
ݲ֣ؿŮ
úչ˼û±Ĵܣٹ£ǱҪͲšҪû˶Ͷż˶ܵܶˡˡɣ
ٰͷ
Ҳһల⣬Ҫִţʲô״£ǵüڵ㡣ֻҪڣûɽˮʱ
ݲЦŵͷӦ㣡
ٰ˸ɰϵС
ݲһƣߺüƽɺǺЦˡٰǵٰ棬Ѻɰҵϡ

ٰôݵ
֪ȵϢҲٵϼ죬ٰ˵
Ϊ˱տԽ£Ҳȫõ˽ֻ˿ŵļˡˣʵЩٰ΢̤ʵ
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죬޲
ɽలȫλأ׼طǡ
գలÿնţݼһ£ھѰ̫ӣδҵ̫ɲ֪١
ʱԽûϢϢ㲻ǻϢ
ʱ̫ŪУһ죬һҪôɱƣҪô̸СûϢ֤û䵽С
ͺá
ݲһչ̺ʽѲ󣬶̫ܽҳ
ٰڵȵϢͬʱҲڵĻšѾһûյˡ
Σȵˡ
ţսѾʼƫһϵдһڸٰš
Ǽ򵥵ļ仰ҪǱƽ
˼飬ٰ㽫ŷŽ˳롣
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һϢ֮жһ
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ٰٴδš
ϱߵּȫʲݡ
ܴæĸо
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ٰһֽһ
һŵĵβʱ͸ֽбʵϰߡ
ϸ۲֣һŵ㣬Ȼڵڶֽͬط˵īۡԣдһŵʱŵֽ°ŵġ±οīŻһֽϣ
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ôˣﲻ𣿡շ䷢ٰ֣ɫԽѿ
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ҵҪȥʲôΣ֮£ҵǰд˼š˿˺ִܿʲôֻѾʲô£ǰȳӦ
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СȥϣȺ½ңǣ϶ǸȫġΣգ½һǰỤġȻţ˵½Ͼõˡο㶼ȷ飬мҲ֮⡭
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ȥʱպƼ
ǹġ
λ
ʱȻҲͣе
ˡ



513 ʵҪ
޳ůյĴգͻȻ͹硣
һҹµ˶Ҫضװ
౨Ǻͷ
һƬĬ
ɱˣ
Ѿˣ
һʱҡ
һʳˡ
ֺ飬ĺȱ
Ĵ𣬴ĺȱ
֣ǣ飬Ҳס
ʹղ˰Ҳղţһѩϼ˪
գʥ
ôأȴмֲʱˡϸ»ʵ۱㷢˻겻硣
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Թˣġ
ٰ̣ʶ
ǹġ
С£Ͷ𹫹һˣ
ٰú֡
ӣһ㶼С̵Ļλ󹫹ԳԵʡ
ٰһǮǹ𹫹Ȼ£Ӧٰһߺȱˮ
ū֮ǰѾ˺üˡⲻʱΪ֣أ˼ūһҼ
ٰü֣أݸӰˣҪʲô֣أ
𹫹ٰ֪ɻƿڡ
ϰյϯˡ
ٰɻһֱŸֻôֵˣѵΪ̫ӿ»᲻ãϻλӺѡŵˣ
ǻϵ˼𹫹ѹ˵ʺϵĳˡ

ūĵһվҡ𹫹й˼ɣҪ˵ȴֲ˵͸©Ŀڷ綼ҪٰԼᡣ
һҾңٰһéٿ
磬ҪǼ˻ݸ߹ġ󹫹ҪȥӣӦȥүǶӹ˶Ҳֲǰߡ
Ҫ˵ģ˰ĵλˡϾ˵Ǿ׸ǣ
˵ָϯŮа죬ٰʲôס
ʵۣҪ磬ֻǿҿڴˡвֵ֧ĵˣǿɲñΪϹ
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ǳ硱磬ǳԲ𣬲ȥвУ˿ңԼܶùȥ
ȵȣǲǻþݣ
һݡ
һݡ
ٰͷӣɲǣأɲݣ
أ
ף٣ܲܿ빬ʱĶ׼ȥݣ
ٰпɫôæҲδʱ졭ٰĥ
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ʵһ۵Զɵ۵ĹȥһһֱЭ󹬣̫ÿӲʣ󹬴ȨҲύ
ҪĽ͸˹˭
ûܱܿڻʵԲֻۣǱˮһ
ԴûУûУǳ檡
ȴǹŴٺЦû˵ǣҲû˵
ÿİʱ˿̣Ⱳĵʱ
ʣңıûʽʼ˵أôŭôУԽոյҩԷԽǿ졣˵䡣Ȼоʵģɲܴˣ
ʵӡˡĶӣһһ㡱ˡ˿⼸Ƿֻϰף
ϰ˵ʱлġ
ԼȨģձܿȨϰˣ޹ң
ʵѪӿǿ
Ҳʱ߱С͵



520 Ĺ
ڳ˿ı鶼һġ
ԭûƣΪǺ֣˿̣ǶһԽԽߣԽԽţ˭ûˡ
ԴоǣĿǰΪֹ֪»ֻССһ硣
̾ϼ̾ڷһѾֻɵɵնжϺ˼ˡ
磺
˿棬üʵЦʣʣͲã˿һĻЩϤΧЮ֣գȡ
ӣ⣡ʵȻɫ
һ£ΧҶƻĹؼһ˿ͬһɻǵã
ʵѾˡ
Χй̫ΪҪ̫ӣƹʮԺУ֮ϰ˺ϴ˹ȥλӶֺ󣬱ϰԺзһѻ𣬽ʱйȫȥһߣ̫λӵǰƹ
ɲͬ
˿̵γһѵġʡôϹȫ
ʵ۵°Ͷڲ
˿̺͵ʱֻͬڣΧԼƾͼ̫֡
ԼƵȻ޴棬еȨϣ
ôԣ⣿
Ч˷̫ӣ˵ȷ̫ӺǺı
Żʵۣһ㶼Ըʵ۾˿˿־
ң
Ц
ɻǵãǴΧһһֱһ㣿ɻǵãʵǴΧǽһ𣿿ǾûǴ֮ǰ㣬ʵйأ
ǶãҶ̫ܸɡ϶Ҵ⣬ҲΡôǿˣǲݰ𣿹ǰ̫Сˣ
һֱһϱߵֵȫˣڣҲû˽ıѡˣ
µǷҪ֤Լ
ʱԿʼ⣬ҵķݣļƻҪƶߣң򣬾ƾʱҵ˸һ£״£ôа취һﰲô֣Χڲɱʿ
ٰһۡûùǰˡٰûɱɣڣǰ˵ļơ
껣ԶȲԼ
ңҸ󿪷֮ţҵİæ֪ͽҰ˸ʹȫץסӦҵĵ̣ܽʱЭôã
˸֮˾ңֻֻеǶȥ׵ְԣжҵԺӣ
ƹҲҵķݣϧǴж©Ҳ٣ɾûһ˻ɹҡͶãҲУûáΪıǩΪɵʸûСôĿ࿴˰ɣ
ʵ۲ֻӴȥȴѶ
û뵽
˭뵽
ԭһڶڣصģǷ̫ӣһֱĬĬϰˣԼƴӣ޹޹߲ɵͲͣûдڸеСӣ
ʵ۵ĺǳ⻹δڣǱȴתʾ⽫⡰Ž

ʱܽģҪôҪôİְɣ
˵߶Ͷſڡ
ʧʧ
ǹ
ȹҲǲ֮
ٰҲɵۡ
ˡĴˣһ̵ҲóϷ
Ĺλ
Ŷ
Ҳࡣ
Уźϣ˲Žñժ¡
˶˴
ˣ
ҳϵ֣
ˣŮģ
ǵ˼ġ
ͬǣһԺ󹬣һԹ⡣
վЦţ˵ϥ
ʣȫţѾסʹ˰ɣ
ǰλģǿ겻Ļʺ
ɫ󣬹ˣ̬һŴбǷϣ
һʵۣЦӯӯ˸ûʵǳ鴤ؿ
ˣ
ԣ͸еģǹǻʺ
˵һйڰܿ׼ݵؽס
ʵдޡ
ЩӣԼ̫вӿɳ֮ʺϡʺִƺ󹬶ʮ꣬͸
̫ӳº󣬺ͻʺĸ˱ٸٹ̣ΪӵĻʺ̫һڹеɢٻҲñϡͲˣȴǰô󡭡
ԣ
Դ󡭡ôЩ̫꣬һֱûɢһֱӴţһֱڰݷ
ٿǫ߰üĻʺ󣬻ʵ۾ˡ
ԣ̫ӵĵֻ̨棬ʵʵһûԣǰ̫һ̫ӵ£˳ӹзչ
˶Ϊʱʮӣǰ˻̩ᶨӵ߲
صá̫ˣ
̽߻ʵۣҶ˵ĵһʱ䣬ΪɢУжתƵˣ磬ɲĽ飬ʮ꣡
ӣϣʵؿۡ
ʣȥ䡣ûȨûûûǿĸ壬żǵ̫ӵĶ粻ͶɵŰ˸緢裿̫ˣΪһ𳤴֣ҾͰŰ˸ȥգҷ
ڻﲻ۵˵ܱȨƵģֻж粻ǣԣСʱҾ͵͵߶磬Ҫ׷ʲôҶӦݷ˸ߣŽҶۡ
Ѿȥˣһ൹ȥ
̫ˣ
̫̼ˣ
ⶼʲô
ôܡ
˵ʲôʮʮ׶ӣʲôõĶһݡֻҪڣǶû˵⼸꣬ҲǳЩ꣬һֱǣ
濪ھҪɰȴѽӶһҪ˵Ļȫ˶С
վǰģǻʺ
ǰĸӶԱ̫侮ʯʹ˿꣬ŵȵ˽ա꣬㹻ˡˣĺҲͷˡ껶ԹĿ࣬ų
ʺЦţɹڵء
ٰԿۣ
û뵽
û뵽
ԣ̩һһֱһġֹ̩ƭˣ˶ƭˡ
ʧЦ
һƭ֣һʮƭ֡
ЩˣȫǽϷ
ٰǰ˾̾ǰҲǵ̩վ̩󣡲֪껵Ĺϵȫ¶֪Ҳû˵
ٰҲͻȻףΪǰİ˻ӶֻǿΪ껵Ķ֣ȴʱввɣ
ǣһ˫˵ۣһһмƻĿڴǱ¶ǰģ⻹ܳʲô£
Ҳܽͣʹǰ˻һ껵ǻɷ󡣿ɾƾ껵Сۣû֮նݳͲ
ƺҲΪʵڲۣû˻£ɾ껵Ŀʹ֮
ٰЩϢ
ٿʺ󣬾Ƕŵ΢΢ǫȻǽλ·ˡһε껣²ǺҲѵߵˡ
ǿ
ڳ˺ˣһţѵӣǰ㲻֪췴µġ
ôܰأ
ܰ뽫Լߵ˼ֻ¶Ҳһ֪⡣򣬾Ϊ˼޵Ĵֹۣô£һ˺˵ġ
ٰһ̾ܰûӦûк֮ˡ
ң
ͷۣ
ٰͷ۵ԭһλ
һδıˡ
Ĵȣ
Ĵðͷˣ
ǡ
ʲôһⲻǣ
࣬һ·ģ
뵱գʵۺϵ˵۶ס껣סμңʵ۵ʵڡ
̫ˣӼǹлͣʵԽû˹עԽ㰵С˭뵽
Ĵȵʧ٣Ҳйˣ
ٰԼԴ
ھ翪ʼǰ˵μҼҵʵ񣬰ʾȥμףʱһ㶣ʵֻѾЦ
ǡ
˿ٰ̡ǲף
Ĵȣʲôʲôʸֻʺ벽ʲôʸΪеġʲôʸһʤߵݽݣ
϶Եʣ
ĴѾƼٰЦ
ٰغա
ˣ
ǰҽոԼûʲôԲΣա¿ش
Ȼλ
ƲʺᣬֻĴȣͺ޲ýƤ˰ɣ
ѽ
ѹ⼸ô
ʺĴȣμ£껡Щ˶ͲҪŪɣ
ٰ̲סӣ⺢ӣҪܿˡ
ֻңڣڽ˼˵㣬һû״Ҫ⣡ڽܺãû˺ǲԸ뾩ϣͲھóȻ֡
Զʱڣͳ彫ʱǰȫģ
ĴȴǿʺԹ֣ҲڸףҲһƳٰ
ٰʶͷܿ뵽ԼӦݳҩ״ֻ̬ñܿͷǿϰһ¡
ٰ˼ҹ˰䵽ˣ
Ĵ¶ĿģҲɱ㣬Ϊʬ⣡һԶƤ£㳢׶֮ʹ



521 ֮ˬ
Щ꣬ĴÿŵĶα
ٰڵһλı
ٰصǸңƫԭ·Ϊٰͱˣᯣ¾Ҵˡ֮翪ʼ
Ůǰ̱٣ЩıļƻֹμҵĲ·Ͼһ˫ŮݼҳԾͷμҷթòԶߡЩȫٰ͡
ռ㻹ܷ̣²ܵЩίҲѴͬ껣Ҳ߲ǰǸλˣ
Զٰ⣬ǧжйޣģܹĿٰ࣬ٱ
Ĵɨٰ
쵽״Ҳܾʹ裬źУ˵Ҹô棿ȥοΣ㺢ӱǧ̣һಡڻҪ𣿡
֪ҪңٰС
ɵĺӷ֣Լ±ץѱҺθɣԼ֪ڱ£ұȵģҪ㣬ҲΪһ»ܣЩͷϣЩֶҾڸĳУֻ԰ˣ
ĴסڣȥҲû赲ٰһ׳Щ
ըٰʱ򻹲ҵôԼϵף涼
ڳһȣҲһ㶡Ȼ֪Ĵ֮£֪Ĵй֡
էһЩ𾪡˷Ӧ桭
ٰǹġ
֪ȻôڵУȻǶõģôഽֻ࣬Ϊ԰𣿶Ŀġ
ڳ˷Ǹ˼ֵȻʱȫ
Լг̫͢ӴȥలǲֱЩ˼аˡ
ټϱӪ궼ڵϣŭпܶõʣ౱Ӫˣܼʮͳһ㣬ʱᱣԼ
򣬼ڵĹϵలĹϵԼͶలѪĹϵһలܴ֣һУƲӣǹɱʱÿ
Լֻǡץڹؼʱвల͵
ٰƶһ㣬֪ԼܻЩƤ࣬ʱӦòдѡĴȵвʱδС
෴ֵˡ
Ĵѱ׿϶Ϊ󡱱Ѿһô㽫ĳⶶһ
ٰһģȻû
ĴȺжлĴȸǳһ۾档
ٰհƾңɵ뽫
½˵ҲˣŮڽ£޻ϵͷҵ׿ϣΧĽ˵ģǲԸӪ;𣿻ֱɱȥˣ
ĴЦץٰԶߡ
ٰǰһ˳ȥ
Ĵ࣬һһ㣬ûץˣץʱֱٰһ
ˣһɨʺĴȣǷ踾Ҳ껣ϲЩŮ£
ЩŮ˾ͷ
й֮ʱһֻڳиǰצ˶ץˣеŪĥĻᣬһʱ˷ʱץ£Ͻ£
ʲôģ
Ĵ֣תߡ
ʵĿɨЦ
Ȼ˻ʺȻҲˣ
˷̫ߣʵˡ
ȻʮԸĺܳలػһǵĴܳ͢¶·ϵô̫ˣ
ʵϣ⼸곯͢లĺӵжģӱ·ѣʵûѡ񣬱ʲôˡԵʱǲӦȫӵǲ
ԸϷ˳ƭ͢ԭ򰡣
ӢԼǣ統յĺڣֻǸһչһΧˣ
أʵʾĴȡʲô˵£
Ĵȣݣɽ

ɽ
Զ㾪°͡һô췭ټޣΪ󸾣췴˯ˣޣȻٰû¼
ʵǲ˼¡˲ã
ѹŮʧ࣬ܵؽ緭˶Ҳԭȥɽ
ʵ۴Ĵȡ
ŮкεȻƷꣿɫ治ڣֲʩǡ
ʲôȥ򶯵ɽ
һɫͽ顣ɽǹʽ˲뾩游ףٵɽ֮һ꣬۷
ԿţҲ
ʱĴҰģŽȻҲϣⲻĴոӰĽԼ١յ᯺ɽһ͵͵Ľһ˵ס
ԣǰ껺μԽãĴȼ·ʱμ̫̫Ϊʲôӳ˳롣
գĴȷ˴֡
ԵĴȳɽǰʱ˵ڻ¼͵ģɽˬ콫
ĴȿɷѰŮӣֶ˵ãʱɽģûһ͹һ
ܽӴ֮Ҳ׶ˡ
ɽҡ
Ҵȥ˶ҡʹѵĲƸĴЦ
һʱɫңȶҲˡ
˾Ķ޷ǱǲƸȨ
μһܵĲƸ٣ٲıǮûˡԵ̫̫һӣֱ˰ľ޶Ƹʺһó˶ʮܵһǮָ֧
Ӷꡰ̡УռҺ̫δӣЩǮ㹻ܶˡ
Ĵһǧʱܲסɽ
Ƹƺ׵ġš˭ΰգ
ƶɽ˵һйֵңĶ
ĴѸٳΪɽļ衣
ɽʲƸԽԽģ˽󹬵˼ûãĴȱ㻯Ρɽװû壬Ĳ
Ρ֣ȱ¶⣬Ҳ̡ͬȡ֮⡣
ȻҲ񲿡ֻϧ˭ע⵽Ρ֣Ĵȱɽ˸
ɽߺĴȿʼչȭš
ֶα˵ãڣн绢ܿ¶Ч
һ߿ʼҵɽһɾʹҵͬ죬ΪβߵøƯߵø߹ߵøе
ΪһҪƧСΪӬͷСȥҪĳһճ͢Ӳ
Ľᡣ͢లλסĵΪȷĺ
ƽƽڴ󽭱ߣ½ȷʵɽʼĴȴΡ
ҵȷʵԣҰҲոһյĴ￪ʼ͡
һߣĴȻһڵشŮãɿҰġҪģһֱڹĶɽӡ
߲õ磬ȱľǴҰģµģ
Χ˵ĹĶɽһȷʵȼˡ
ʾıϵ¸ʮʮıǳ˵Ρ
ۿɽɿò࣬Ĵóȫ̼ƻ
ƻ˾ȣ
Ҫ̫ҪͶ룬Ϳջ񡭡̫̫ࡣ
ɡôһɽͳ˷
ʷʤдģ
ĴȲδȰ˵磬Сһѣ
ǣǰͻȻСģɽ¡
ȻǼٵģ
ɽ̾ˡӣȻıĴʹˡ
ҲĴȵʾ£͢ȥۡ˵ɽ͵Ϯӵóѣʧء
͢һδɣƽ
ɽ˼ƻĿԣҲԽᶨĴơ
һ꣬ͼٽɽ߾װģ˼Ρ
ĴȻλӼһ棬һĳ׶¡
ףƻʽ
Ҫڱ߾㣬ʼ͢Ҫӡ
Ȼûõȴ֮һľ޿һʮ
ʵЦԣɽжʽʵǳ͢ṩأ
ó͢͢Ǻˬ
˾裬бһʵ͢ǰθĽҲպΪã
ʵüҪѪ
ɽӣҲó׬ıӺݣȥĶǳ͢
һָµ˱С
ߵӣǸոⱣ͵õʮ͵ʱ򣬱˽ˡ
ʣƣҳӣӣȻԼϲǣЦڵлص
ʵһ
뵽һ£లֻһ͹ȥˡݲĴֻܻɾ£¡ݲĴ޴ȥܵС
ʵۻûü˼ֱţ˼ػɽ
ڳ͢ƭν㳲ƵĹ¾ͿʼˡǼٵģల̽ӷ֣ʱֻɢͺ󳷣ɢڲݳɢ͸˭Ҳܲ˭Щ̽Ҳ֪Ƿ󲿶ƣҲͷˡ
ˣǳ͢లʵûжڡɽ֮Ҳˡ
ȻΪϷ棬ӻɽṩϵǧ˺װţɽ㿪ʼ˱ռеĹ¡



522 ֵ
˭С
̫Ӻͻʺ󶼱нû֮ˣ˳̫߻һơ
˭˵֣
ɽжʼǰ˱Ի˾ָӾƣɽӦԡƤӵ¡ٴγ
֪ɣʵյۣܶ඼Ƿ˷ɽһֱԳ͢ķӦӦƶһɽġս֡;ߣһϢɽ׼
Ц΢ЩŤ
ȷǧȥɽ̽ôУһȥɽʱûӣֻϷ֮±㲻ơ
ǰʲôûսɽãͱӺͼٰӵɽΧɱˣǧ˾ȫɱֻ˲зϵһ˻ţ
ǴεΧɱģ𾪣ؾϢȻʡԳ͢ӴݱʵǿԽԽƽĻŲɡ
ʵԣǻ㵽޻లԮɽˣ
ǵûС
¶һڰҪֻҪȷˣˣòӦԣǾˡɽ뾩ǾôءһӲܡıȻѡ񡣡
ҪģҪվǱ
һ塣ı̫࣬ȻలȥɽǼȫ֪оֻ˻ӣռ˸ˣ
ЦǣǱȥలҴĲݲǼûôϹɳĸ߰ʣ˵һ䣬Ҵɣȫˣ
ʱңȷһ⣡ʱͷˣĸʣƵɲˣˣ
˳ᢣͽ˰Žжǵͺ˴͸߰ӹ⼸ʧ֣ͷǾ衣ҴŸϽؼҡ߰һ߱ߴţһļڸ۾
ڻʱ˹ȻϵǧȦסõͦˣ׷ϵ£Ͷ·ɱذһۣӸǷʱȨϡ
֪ʱΧ´ǵж𣿡
þĬ
ΧµΧһ򣡡Ϊǧˡ
ʵһ
ǰмϸȻ֪ʱ͢ɳ࣬ͺǶȷ̫Ӻ͸߰ʱΪҲ׼ڶԷ
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ôã˵Χ£Ӧǲѷɲǡɸ߰ǻҴӵ
ˣٴεԲۡ
ʲô˼
ղ˵̫սˣǴʤǴܣ
˶Żʵۣ˵
ɻʵݴڶӵ
ԣǸ߰Ŷӳ죬ӹǣô̫ӣȻ嵱Ū֣
ԡЦΪôݰ춼ûҳôˣǷ˸׳˺Ϊ˷ŹǣԹûųأʱʱǲĶѨһţⶺһ棡˵һ֣ѧ᲻ټˣ
ԼȺЦָ̾Ĵ磬Ҳġ
ʵҧ֪ôϸڣȻԲ١
ҪЧˡʧ٣Ż˰ɣǵǣżæŵ˴లѰ̫ӣݲ裬ױȥˣ
ʵʼݲҪ뾩ǵҪĿ꣡ĴԻʵ۵ҳϺھеŶ˵Ǹ⡣бӪֻҪڣǱѹơ
һֱڵ㡣
ɷ˶Σʵ۾᲻ýݲųȥ
򲻸ˣʵ߿֮ԽԽ٣ѷ̫⣬ҪĻҲˡ
ԣݲ뾩ǵļƻҲͿʼˡһָһൽϡ
һʱǰ͵ģɡ
ŷŵ˻ʵ۸ǰ
ѱ򿪣ҲѾȻѾꡣ
һƣʵֳ˼֡
ݲҵ̫Ӳ䰲úõĵڶգӴܱǸ߻ʵۣ˶ƭˣɽ⣬ѹûжơ
Ȼˣ
ţûˡ
Ըʣ𱧽ģݽӣӽȫ֧ల
˵ʱٰһۡ
లٰͻʵ۶ˡ
סĵǵݣȻû˲ĴúȥδӣֻҪѿסݲմΪͰ˻һûг֧͢ŵҲֻͶ
һߵɽలĵһʱ䣬ǱųϢ˱Ҳ±ӵ϶లαԵʱġسһ¾
ˣల͵ýǸǣɽءҲָలͻƣΪɽʰɾǣҲȫǡ
˿లһΪǲнˣǱ³ǣҲǣ
ˣһ²֪ʵڷ뾩֮ʱɽҲ뾩ˡ廹˶ٷ̸ģ˺˵סҲҰŵأ

˼һһ㡣
ٰһֻʣ˾
ˡ
ǰĴȸӢ˵ѾʵѳɽļƻѾʼ
ٰȵԤǶԵġĴޣıٻӢֻҪӿУĴȻ˳һŬִмƻ
ҲΪΣٰʨӴ󿪿ڣӢμҷŻμҶʼսקĵԭ
һʱκϱܿ϶˵Ĵȣ¹Ȼ档ʱĴðμңʵھǵļƻҲˡ
Ĵڻʵ۰СʯĽѣ߻شʮ֡ʱٰжʸ֦һͬѰˡɾû뵽ʻɽ
ڻѹ־δѰĴȵˡ
ĴھжƣϢ󲿷־ߣѹֳ͢ɽÿӦƺܱӡУɽ˳һδαҴĿܣ͢ҲڲϵسԿ֮С
ƻ
ԭɢҵĸӲƴգƴһѵֱȡǶ
øȡ裡
Ӻɽֻб΢ջǮʳأֲΪ
أ˵һСȴСװǣ˵ľ˰ɣɲˣ
֮ӦҪЩս޼ҿɹ֮ˡ
磬Ų࣡
ٿǸ֮ˣʣҲĵ⿪ھ©ʮɼⱣ͵˵ļֵˡ
ٰ̲ס߲̾ȥֻеŸ׸ķˡͳԼ˵ĳޣֻȫ屻ģ
ʵٴɨۻʺĴȺ󣬽߶ϡ
ǴһȦǸ޽ˣ
ҲʵۣŤͷˡ
ǶˣҪһ˶ˣǿȥˣ
ʺĴȸԴһȻҪȷѳɹֲŻһƻһˡ
˶һۣһ˸񣺡ʡϣҪãһϡϿɡ
һǵʶࡣȹȥţ޻ᾡ죡ԡޡԾӣò̹
뿪ʵҲѾ𲻶ˡӣ޻ûأ
ӾӦ£ĪҪ⡣һʣ˵ˣһлԸТһҪģ
ӣ㾿ӦӺɽʲôʲô
Ͳùˣ죬Ǿͳˣ
úõĹģϣڸѣУЩҲϣڼӱĶǲǡԷ٣ʲôǣǣҲᱻˣ
ʵ۵ĺǳ
͵У˼״Ҳ׷׿ʼȰ
Щ¸صĻףͼڴδ֮ǰƻûʧأֻҪһʱķŵӪУ֯һб㶼ء
Ǳˣ
һȺµ಻״
Ҳ
ǻӣȻҪǸߵģǿңұֻԼ¥ˣǲǻʲôʳ϶˵ĻӣܹҲʬ⣡ʲôʧȥ̤һ𣬱û·ˣ
ο˸ֿܡȻһˣȻ̶
ֻǿɶ񣬵ʱĸʺһͻڱӿ
Ұ˸磬ɱģ
ͻȻһ䡣
ƽһף
£öʱ
㡭˵һ飡ͷвֻʣʡ
˵һ𳤴Ӱİ˸磬̩̩ɱģ
ʵһɵۡ
֮ѡҴ춯֣һǷ㡣ΪϴҵɡϾ˭ʶãϲ˻˻ԼŪѪɺӡȻ˭ûҡ
ҵȻεģʹģұֵԽʹԽ޿ҲԽԽͬ飬Խû뵽Ҹɵġ⣬ȴҲʧ䣬̫ˡ
һ̣ĿѪ̩޵ѪģضԹֳԼʹ֮ࣻʧֹ£ȡƴְ񣬳ի𡭡ֵ鰡
˿˵Ǽٵģ˶âڱ񺮱塣



523 һнת
εյֵͻȻ˭мס
ǳɱÿͣԤı׼һֱ̩Ⱥڼ顣
̩ǱȻǱȻ·ͬҲǱȻ˾ʱ̩ע·һ
ʱ˿̣ңҵ˶һ
ˣͬ㡭˭뵽˭뵽β֮˰
ɰ˸ǵ·ϵʯͷֻ߿ֱ׳
оӡ˭֪̩ҪãһֱǿΪԷͦĲǣ
һô޳֮ˣܻ֣
ֵ߱ɣʵ
ΪҰ˸绹ǶָҪ֮ˡҼȻһӪȻǶĲʵȻܶ԰˸档
㻹ݳʹӣ
ݳ⣬׷˸ˣְ֧˸ˣλڰй֧ңհ˸ңԼң¶ңԸ϶Ͽң
֮ͬʱ껺̩Щӣݷţʵһֱգģ·չʵֻûгˡ
˸󣬾ƴӣذмӡҲˣζڹ£ҲŰôЩȫأҲ˳ڹְЩ֡
ԣѪ
ǰТҲ˰ӡΪ˼С
λϽ¸죬⺢һĪչȻӶԹͷٻȥ͵ġ
һ̣
үҲ̩㣬ýҿɰ۰Ů޸㣡ɱ̩㰵㡣
˵ôǰܰңΪ˼ӹ̰ҺͰ˸Ĺϵͼı˭˭߹󣿡
͡
Ұ˸ֺγңǰҪ࿴ʱƣǶʲôΪҲ֪һңִѹңŪⲻ˰ҺôǸӣңһ᲻⣿ܰҲǣıҿ
ǴҲ㱩¶ҰġҲҪлǣǵĴѹҿԼλáǴ֮ҷ˺һð˸Ҽ̡ҲΪֺð˸磬ԼҲʼ׷ܰ㣬Ƕҷ˽١
ٰһӡ
Ҫ˵£ٰȷʵʱҰı¶һ¾ô;Ѳ֣ѸС˴ڸУߣҲǷǱȳˡ
ұϣҵĺãԴҳɻҰ˸֮еˡ
̩ˣ䣬ҷߣ߹пҲֻŮǺ¡꣬ѹǮǸӶҸ
Ƿ֮ʱԸġʱһֱӸ
ԣ̫ү˿Ըˣǲϣվ𣿴˿վˣӦøˣӦΪԺ
̫үֶָ˼𣿴ҵ˿ʲôҿڱȫûˣ
̫үȱ𼤶ֻҪվһҼٲʢꡣҵĳẉ̂˴֮ĸΪǰ̿ǣ͸ӦңҸһӣúÿ¡ǾŹȥţǿ
ļƻҾһҪ߷ġ
һӣԼңҲûѡˡ
ˣҼλȷúϢ
һȺˣ̫үֱ
ÿǣӲӣӲź
̫ү
ܰңҿ԰Ǵ죬Ҳֱӽɳ࣡Ҿǳ棬Ҳȿ
вͷñ
°ٶˣϸزҵ˵ǧҪҪ˵ȵǰģ
̫үһ񣬱㱻˵

ȴͻȻʲô
ȻҶǱɱǡӵ͵͵˻ʵһۡأ񲻶֣֮
ΪȻ
ҲɱġҲǶ˼ǸѾﲻκˡԻڸһЩǸ߰ĸԭжˡҪŪ׾١ҲģּдġղѧԭµıīҲࡣѧ߰˳ϱˡ
Ц
ǿ֪Ϊ˰˳˽㣬ǻ뷨ȸҩǸĸһȻΣ˳¾ͱųȻҾ׼Ϊ򡣡
ԣĸҲɱģ
õмֵȽط˳Ҳպṩءıɱ̩Ķ
ʵԣѲ֪˵ʲôӣɱ˶ˣ
ɱ˸磬ʵҪðķղСҲµʻǷǣδػΪֻʶ˶ĿĽڣʵҵʱϣҶϧ̫ϣ̫СҲֻ˦ˡ
ЩѹԻʵ˵ġ
ԣǸͻȻʧɱģΪøĶˡ
ˣҲ޹ģԩ
־ҲˡһֱҪȢ޷ǻҪ׳ֱӴԴͷϽˣҲͲǡȺסˡ
ʵЦһ
ʵҲˡ赶ɱˣúðҲѹ֣ôҲʧǸ֣ΪǱˣʵȴ类ɱˡ
ԸʣҲòˡҲɱ¾λ㲻Ҳں֤ݵ״ֱɱలΧɱǰҴǧ˵ҲȫΪ˽ģմѪֺγǣ
ԣҲĶӡҰɣ
˵Żȴүܰ幧ϵ
ϥһضݣʾҼȫȨ֣ȫ֧¾ߡ
ûйĻ˵˲١֮ܶһˣҪ׷ˡ
Էڽһ䣬˵˲ٶĻҽǰ̣ȴһůҼλϢʾǻؼҡ
̬ȱˡɸٻ򣬺ϣȱһɱӺļ
֮бŭа̾顣
һж˵һģ߾ˡ
ͻȻͽӶüհĸȫˡ
һַǣʾӿȪ౨뿪˱͵
ҹŹ֡
˶ֳĬ
˶ģԥϾⱣ͵̫ΣգϽ뿪
෴ıͣҲѡʱĬ
˿̳ײû塣ٿǺһġ
ʵҲ뷨
ϣ㻹˶ٻ£һɡ
ǵǼ׮𣿶ġ
ս˻ʵۣʼԵǵǻж֮ġΪΪ̩ìܡֻϧ˻ûܵǵĲɱ
֮˸ȴŪ˸˽֪ҲΪĺ˸
ǵһϯۣҺԼޣԴСӣײ̫̫ˣҲҰŵġ
֮ףΪˣϡί֮ҽ£ѹҲҵֱʡǹݣ᲻ţ
֪ΪĶʰǡ϶Ϊ˻ʵۣƾҵĺޣұض군ԣͻˡҵĿġҪΪȫ壬òʲô
ʱ˳ôС
ԣʵҵ̫̫ʹүʱʼվˡΪģһֱʵжҡ̫үʯһֱڹС
ԣҵӣҵΪáҵļҵб˲ˣҰţࡣ
ոգýó˸ѡʵ֤Ч
ʲô
ĸķ纮Ҳǳҵֱʡֻ󹬴ȨػعУΪá
ȷʵСˣ㾿Σֱ˵ɣ
ʣҵѾϣֱگ飬λң˿Աһ
޲Ӧʵ۸ɴܾ̫ӻڣûλ㡣Ҳֲ㡭
ʣỹФλɣ̫ӣǣǺǣ
һЦ
ҼȻలʱͰѴزסڻؾãõʣˣʰ꣬ұץġˣϣҲþˣ
к㣬ɱѹ壬ңֶΣ±㣬޲ܽܽ㣡
һΣʵ߶ˡ
ʣӦֻҪܽУһúùΡͼ־дơΣֺγǻ
ֻҪگ£ôӻڶݷలݽ׿ţһܵƽܡ
ͬʱɽٻȷలɽƾУܾˡʱضԪˣǴܽո֮ʱ
㣬һб㶼תˡѣǰδеͳһ֮ý⣬֮Ҳޡʣ̫ϻʣǸһΪǧһۣΣ



524 ֶһ
Ļ˵úƯʵۺԸš
ɻʵ۲ϺͿˡ
֪ƭں֮գ޷ǾΪԾͶ·ɵķʽگ顣
ʵ۵Ȼд־裬ҪƽЩ̸סոеļƻ©̫ࡣɽʺĴȣӣЩĲɵӻ᲻
ԣʵֻҪԼگ£Ǵܱķˡ
ΪȷɽĽףҲֻй
һ㣬ʵȻ
ңҲǿˣǲϣԲһ¶һ̬߰ȡ
ϣ;ͳķʽλ
Ȼˣʵ΢
ӡԼõѡ
Ϊʱ䲻ܳʱʱɢƱע⡣л磬Ҳŵʱû취ס¾ˡ
ڱͼҲɣδûİҲֲᷢԣʱ˵׼ͻת
ԻʵһֱѹŻϻƪ
ޣǲܸگ顣
ʣ˵һ飬˵ô࣬ϣܿʵڤ粻鲻ڴܣҲ
վƽʵۡ
˳жȴһŹ̨ס
ʵ۸ǰӸ¡
֪ʲôǲǣǾҵʵ㹻ѿؾǶԲԣˡˣΧ±ҵһʱˣ̶ȱʵʱģҲʵʵ֮һ
ְ񣬾ϣע⡣ΪҪȥʵ֮ǰøɽǱӣҳķ֮һбġ
Щ˶Ϊ㣬ֲھиˣʱӦ
У񴺺ֶ·¿ʼǱ㿪ʼӿЩ᲻̫̫ˣ
ԣӿ뾩ǵٰ˳ҵˡǴ˿ǷֲǸʱָӡ⣬ΧҲнֻӪ
ô˵ɣ⣬ҵ˱Ѳֹҵ۵ʵ߲ľҵڰȴһסЩٹˣҵĳ̫ˡʣ˰ɣ
ѹŻǵȰš
ֻҪگұ˳ֱӪʱǾʵһϲʮˡʮˣηӣҲɽôһˡ
ϸ룬ڲôˣǷԷɱǸӺһͳԼмƣо֣ҼıΪһ׮ѻʷǲ𣿡
⡣ȷʵԸ
Ȼû߻ʵۣμ̫űȺﻹЩʹηԷҲֻɡ̫ǲˣҲûȫ͸
μΪ׵̫ӷҪǣҪɽϣΪӲţɽһֱ뾩ǡ
ѣֻܴӦ
ԣ»ھǵǲкܴһɽ˺̫֡ⲿˣʹϣ
ȫûʵãҪƽɣȡԭ򡣶ǿбƹƱؽһӲ̡
ʱӪͳ͢ٱһᷴһҰĲָ⾩ǻҳʲô
ı²ߣֻ󲻵òѡ
ʣڼʲôû˻ӪˡͳץץģץٰӣݲˣҲ޲ߡôٹʣܿ죬˭ҲϿң
ǿӲҶöֻ֣ҪѾһΧҸʣǵĴֶܼã
˲ǲͿ̿Ϊ۵㣬һӵŬΪޣ
ʵޱȡ
ôǴġ
ֻ£ζ㲻һƽˡ
Ҳôܲǧˡ
ˡ
ʣǡ
޲ÿǣ޲ӦΣҪɱ𣿡

ûˡ˵ʱ䣿
ڤ粻飡㲻ˡ
һȥֻһ˴λվ
ˣ歹˭
У˻ʵߡ
ʲôӦûУôȥ
ͷһţԡ歹Ҳһ
˳Ͻˣȴ歹һѸƿˡ
˭
˶歹ɻȻûҩȻһ
歹ǰǿץ˻ʵ֡
ˣſޣʵûһĻš
ֻ歹ƿ˻ʵӣһߣȥ
ˣʲôɻʵȴۿָ׺ݺƤһץһѪ۱¶
һжһֻƿ
ƿһһ
һİĶ˻ʵ󣬴˱С
Ļʵ޹歹ɽס
ͻشʹֻһգۣǵɫĶĳ֮ʧ
ȥˡ
ȥˣ
ʲôʲôʵ۴󺰡
˳˻ʵ۸ǰ
ղңӦһ𣿡׵֮߱£ҪҲᵱڡԣֻ뷨Ӧ
һ
ǹưˣЦòá
⻰˵Ƶᣬɻʵȴѳζ
̶ֻ̲ʮϢʵ亹ʪ͸ŵģ۵ģ
ǾƱҧ˶һţ
ɣѾһƣָһ֡˿̿ӣЧӦû

ԣҸĦ˯ұι˹Ƴԡ֮˯ô㣬ΪҸĲ˰ҩ֮˯һ;ˬҲΪƳ壬˵ණ
ֻƣʱһⶼУ෴ֻҪ߶ٹЧɸոһں󡭡
ô˵ɣһ壬ֻһȻల£ศɣ໥ٽ֣Ȼ໥ΪУ໥ָһֻΪס̡
˿̻ϣͲΪս໥ܵ˶ֵĴڣһ壬һ꣬أ
ɣҡ˳һڣϱ歹ɽ˺ü¡
̫࣬˵ķݣˣҶ죡
ԪƽѾ˺ܾˡ
Ᵽ͵⼸꣡
⣬˿̵ɱ˲ʹ죡̫࣬͸ǵһϧ̫Ҫõˣʺˡ
Ԫƽ⼸ƣֱ̬˿̵͵λ˷ߺ޿ʹޱȡ
ˣҲ̣ңҵǰ̺ⱲӣͼҶж£
׼ޱ磬Ҳ÷ϰĻлԼ޶ġʲô˭Ҫĺ󹬣Ͷģ
ͶԳһޣ
ɶģ˻ͼױ죬ܹͳҹһΣһΣΪⶾҩԵʣ
ԪƽܹЩӣ
֪һֱҡԣЩֵƵĽⶾҩΪȡ㡣һὫôõĶҵ̣ϣ˭ңòңһжģ㲻òӽҡ
ǴεĶҲµġҸ˽ⶾҩоٴȡ㡣һ٣ٶѧĦΪһԹӽ㣬Ըҩɱ㡣
øлҵĶ䣬ÿһʱտԳʱõƳ棬ƿؼƻȻûôأ
Ԫƽڹ̼ʵۡ
ʧٶյ̫Ϣķһɣ˳˳ϢҵĻҲˡ
ˣʱͶʵɫףҧ͡
ͶǺˡԪƽŻʵֱЦʶʱΪܣڻɫģȻȫ֧֡
ǣʵץˡ
ǰǡģֹҡżң϶ӵȵȡһʼơ뾩ԶȵһսǲŲɡ
ΪǴģɱǻ˺öྫ˵˼壬޴ͬˡ
ϴǰˡûʲôȣΪǲڴֻӰˡǵǽ͢ĲֱԮס
ܳɹǣ֮ɽֳ˶
ЦòõԪƽһתٰ
ʵżʺһֱáҹĸʱʱһֱסռҡʺ֮󣬾û˿ɽĹĸЩѹȻϣżҵĵλܹȹЩ
ԣĸϣ찲ܹ֮Žȶ֦ͬҼұõѡ񡣿ǣһųƣ
˿̵ٰԿۡ
ˡ
֮Խտǰǰ㲻ﱲһ˵õǸеĳˡԭƻӦǽģ갲ǣȫϵġ
֮Сܣӽʵ۾ͿܣΪʵйƳ棬ǹƳҲǳƿеġණ˵Ƴǳд󲹣СȻϲ
֮һֱս֮Ź֣躺λڣԭдơԭʺ̫һ·ġ
ٰ뵽ǰҲûȢԪƽԣһϾˡһжмѭġ
֮ҵڴɽʱϢǱԷǴ˽̡
ģֶԪƽһҧгݵģٰץͷ֪ϻؾͲˡ
᲻Լˣ
ٰͷϰ£ʼ˼ҪҪװͶ



525 Ҫϧ
Ԫƽֺݺһ۵̫̫
ƣʲôֻұȣұ絽ͷλλյΪǺܿͻ֪Ƽ޸ǶĴҵſǻڲõģ
˵Цǲ֪ƴʱҹĸͶȫ׷ȴһֱݷϣѣϣܻصǡ
ôҾץԱˣû´˿̵ĳƲڳңڽɣ
˵̫ûб¶ţо¶ϣھС
Ӳ
ԪƽһЦֱץ˳̫̫ǰľյ־һãĹƺ̫̫һ
³֮󣬳Ҿġ̫ţһҪծֻ
Ԫƽٰ
ٰûл
ǣٰǿɵǴ֮û죬Ͼɱ֧Ԯȥˡǳ͸¶ϵʵ״û־塣û´ʱڻ뾩İɣ
ԪƽЦò
ǲüŷϡȻұȥ׽ȻúáŮˣһץǸӡǺӽʲôɣҪǲѷɣ
Ϊͳƣܾ裬١ץĸӣǵÿĿͷ˵ڡ
ֱٰһ
ԣǴϳŵĴˣ
ʱףżҵôǳŹٱ͸ʱµżһ˭ȴû뵽Ǹ
ٰ֪һ䣬
ٰ㣡ΪڳŵһڣҸŵòᣬæǵĳ˸ҺͶ͸֣ôȫȫˣ
ĭɡ
֪Ϊһҷ˶ֽţҶٲֲУȻھǵĲֽףھָƣαţ
ܿƳţֻҪһһôõŵĻʵ۱Ӫ;ıЩҪǸҶһ£ıЩڵǻȨǻԶΪá
Ҳú»ᱻɽһ
ֻŴ򹷡ֱھǽзʰɾô°빦ǻҲͶˡ
ɾΪٰڳŴһ̶Ȼԭ˳еļƻ˿仹ãȴηηβС
ܲ
ٰˡǰУмƻ˳ֻΨһԼƻ֮ˡ
ʹеĻʵ۶һۡ
ðó뾩Ϊڻ£Ļ඼û֪ǣѾֱӷˡ
ˣ˿ٳŹٱԼˡ뷨ñӪ뾩ǣƾͲʧء
ʱ˵ʺηڴߴ٣ץʱ䡣
ʵ۵ʹԽԽأѲ˳飬ȾȾȻʵۡ
ʡֶʵߡ
۰ɣ
ù˳Ӹʵ۲źٲȻТ̬
ȫԲʹġ˵αأƣǿԽġ歹а취Ƴڣôָܻ糣ȻƳ潫ݣԽղظԣΪԼѡһ㶼ѣǲǣ
ʵµ촽ʧɫ޺޵ֱ
֪ĶŪһɰ
ŨĲҩζһ¾ͻ˻ʵʹǲҩƺǹƳζ
ʵ־Ҫãȴһ±ܿ
ʣگɣһʾ⣬Ѿķı
گ飬͸ơ
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ʣǲҵ˵һ飬ûѡˣ
ʵҡͷ
ӣһ߶ȵģÿһؽڵѡ㲻ķʽЩ;չʾޡ
ޣ
Цƭң˵ú絹֮㲻Ҳûѡ˸չ¶ܿѡֺγȫƾ˽ģ
ǣ޴ˡҲ˴ѡ޵ʱ˽ˣʵ˿̵Ļʵ۲ڵˡᡣʱͽϰΪ̫ӣȫͱǾûкôˡ
ϣڴǴϣסˡ޲گ飡
ʵ⻰һջ˵硣ٰҲȷʵʵ۳˽ԣסǴǣڼѾǰסԼıģǸûʵۡ
ͷɣʵȥӡ˿̻ͷ޿Զ
ˣ
˦ʵۡ
ʣͺúţӲӣҶܵõҪģ
һ̵ŷ֣ȷʵû˽ĲԣӲĲԣǲ֪˹ײĻ᲻ᣡ
ֱʾһ˳
˳һҸʰɣ
ū飬ȾȻϰɡ
ܾҸʵˣ
⡭˳һ㶡
ʵȴͼ
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˵ʺ歹Щ˶ҸһΣôοԼӣ



526 һ԰
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ҪôţԪƽЦ˸Ͱӵ˴һ߽䣬ҪôȥǱԼţڽ
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ȻǿͶϣΪǣߴţ׼Ϣķ䡣ǰҲˣֻҪͶϵģԻؼҡģ˵
Ԫƽ˿ʼ˽Ҳš
߶Ҫ˽ģҲûʱˣ͵ҪһĻ̵̻ķΧˣֻҪһ˴ˣи
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ɡҲ԰
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˵ʱܰѾᡣ
ҼүӴģǸصġһ뵽ΪҼ޸˲ʹүӻĿҿΪҵĴ޶·ʵûԹۡһ뵽һĺӣġ
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527 
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סбҪǵװʹģ
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Ȼ֮£˽嵽涼һ飬̣سŵλ̧ͷ
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528 Ҫ
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⻰ڣʯҲɫһ䡣ǰô··ûаҲ롣Уһеʲô
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529 
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ʱǰ̫̫ϼţټ˸ӣǵĸǰԺ˵
󣬱һһľС
λŵõ˹ȥ
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531 ˿
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Σյġٰȹرձš
ǽֻҪһʾܿгŶյϢ



532 
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ͮΧ˷ж´󹦣ԱΣֱӱϾ֮һʤŵسǴ󽫡
е˷񡣾аɽ췴껹ӱٳºҲΪ߿øжʼԳ͢ʾ֧֡
ٰԼһижæڵļײ֣һȫˡ
ֱԣʱǮͼõġ
ʮס
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Ǻܿͻλһֲ٣ϣ˾֮ҲһˡԲδȥ׷ٰôǮ͵ôס
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Ҳ٣׼һֱǣ˿̾ǱΧ˴⡣˿ףҲ͢¶㹻֧Ÿˡ
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껴Ħȭƣ̫δ͸ѹŴ⣬ȫı
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ڸһϺϣȴⲻӦԣֻһʱ˼
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Щϰ˭ǱΧˣ͵ȥ˰»ûˣҶǸ
ֻʱĹ򣬳бԹص˶ʼ˶껵͢ʱ棬سǾģָάۡ
ֻҪǵӾܽ󣬾ǰһӻԾֻһ磬Ѹ˰˱
ʱٰҲڼס
һͷ˻ʱһ͹ǡʱ䣬ʱҲһʱˡ
һȷϲﶼٰ˹еһֵϢ
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һ֪̽һһ
ʹĳ̶ԽԽˣǿҩĲ˯磬˻ԣ˯ֻẰʹȴѲ
µİٹΪ·㣬ѽ칫ظĵӢ
ʱԽԽһЩæңҲ˽ġ
ֻٰһš
һע⡣
Ϊ֣
ٴһ顣
տʼŹٱɾϿաһǵʱɸ껴ϣԻٰ˰ȥġ
Ϊл껺ڱִ᳹š
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չε磬ֽߣֻǾͷɡһųֽ󣬾˫ɻòֽ𰶼ɽ˳С
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ΨڶδԲ˾¥
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ֽأҿææҪֽ𰡣
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ѹˣѹٰİ彫ҩȫȥ˾¥ʱҲû룬뼸λϰĴӦнһ˫ϰ塭ǲ롭

˺ֹز¶ֱɲⰡ
Ҳǣٰƾ޻СܴŮƣ֪ǰôҲûʲôɾȵˣ
ϿӦţǣ
ӻˣٰܿ϶
˽ԴϲӻǲϿˣ
һ룬־ԡ
ûϢ͵ֱӾ;ٱ껲ǣ
̨ôߣδĶдڡԣδ˰ɣ
ֿͨʼЩʧ
˿̾бΧðŷգֻΪƽộ϶ҪʲôֻΪ֪Ѿˣ϶ԣ
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˽ʮֻֽмҲһһûκϢ
أʲô˳µֽɻʲôģ˵ܵõڵϢ
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ҲòᡣٰǽˣҪϢͨ洫ݣƽ⣬껿϶Ҳƽ⡣ԾֻƽΪ硣ϢŻûݣ
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ҵȥһۡۿˣܰġ
ϵһڼȻˣȻ֪껺ܿҪǵϢ
ʱֽų˵Ҫȵת
λǰж֮⡣
˺ü˿ȴҲֻܣǸ΢Щֵķˣ
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ʱ佫ܸϴ˶ֱź껡
͵ųеĺϢˡ
ܸҺʵϷӻݡ
ڳηηֵÿͰͣӯ껷ҲǳҲһʾõһ
͸ǧۿǽ껴Ϊã´ϲԭӲӲ׼һ¶ԻԲһһϣˡ
ЩͷͻȻ϶˾ˡһéʯͷǣʱ϶ǾѶֲñ̫ڱš
ôһ룬˱ȭǱһн⡣
֮󣬲ܸ˵һ䣬ӵĴٱ㸴һ䡭
ǿӵĽڸЩ磬δߡ
ܸһӡĳƺ껵ϣЩ֪ͷʱõĿǡ껡͡ƺġڸѾʼҡͷᵱôٴο϶Լݣ
ô編
ܸϣȶֻһƱ
⻰šԸΪ׵һӦλƱֵ֧Ҳ˵ùȥɾͲһƱ
ܸϼǱû֣һ֪Ϸסˡϣȥ껾ô¾ǣֲΪ
ܸϣϱйڸϳϣӻԼӵȴٵһ𸴡ܸ⻰˵⣬ٴγơ
ȶã
ա
ԭ򣿡
Ӧɥˣ̫ްˣǾٰТϣҲһТ̬⣬ɥһдӼǵ죬Ϊգи㡭»ΪжᡣΪ׿ڶºú֮⡣ϿͣТΪ󡣡



545 ؾ
ٰææֱš
еģϺϡ
ֱŹٱ֪ڷֽһֱڹ۲죬δκ˿
ٰͷ
ܷ껵Ҳܷ֣Ԥ֮С
Ѿ֪ܸǰ˶ֱ֮¡˿вܸעǸûᡣ
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ͷֻ˸ٰˣ׳űװ֮һ״ˡˣ˳ԶҲǸСģ˿ע⡣
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⣬鶼ˡ󲿷磬һ޵ֵĲĶģֻҡ
껵˾ô˻֮Ув˶ʱʱε˳£֮Уűȴ׶ɱΪֲ١
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˿̵ò뵱ֻŷ˫ۡ
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ˣٰһۣʮʮĿ϶
ٰ۵ǣ֪Ǽٰ磬ɴ˿̵ϣΥǳ˶ٿడ
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ٰɴںȼۣҪϽ滺
ǲߵ̧
ٰѰԼϽǧۡ
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΢΢һۣ漴˻ȥͷͷǰš
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ٰٴξǧֺۣúÿͷ
ʶ΢üǾϽȰסİ״үȫҶûˣֻһͷһֱסá
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״үΪģٰעȥ˽ڣ״үĸ㻹ָٰģȻϳˡ
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˴Ͻ˰״үԶЩ΢ӿ˲ϱȥˡ
ٰĸߡ
Ȼ˱ϳȥġ
գϳŸºٲ
Գţڳǽҵٰ󣬱Ͷϳţݺݶ˶ٿٿš˷˺üΡ
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ϳôˣҪϳŽǣҪϣ
껵˶˶ͱ漸ţǱ棬Ϊ˶ס򽫴లݲ軤ͷصˣٱˡǶţڷλҲˡ
ſలٴ֮Լˡ
ϳŸö࣬ԭر࣬ѹҲڡͬʱʳԶ֮أֱȡв˸ǣҪǣԶ˵սϣϳ֮ء
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ӳҲֻһһǧҡ
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һиܴԺ乩ɹ̫
ֻԺԭɢɢ֮ˣͻȻͶˡ
ٰվøߣ
ЩˣվڴϢ
뷨һ»Ȼʡ
ԺУȻ֣ĩ
ҪݵϢ
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˶ָ͢һвģǲô֮Žգһû֯ܿҪ̼ȱҩıˡһ㣬Ƕ껵ġ
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жĩҪݵϢ
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䲻֪ߴ˶ˣ϶Ҫϵģ
Ȼʱ׼ϳŵļǧǲڻµģ
ΣⶼǸϢ
ڻ˵ϴؾҲԶˡ
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ô˿̣ǳ׼һ֮£ǱǸϽ뷨ȫ껶ŵĹע
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ͷһϼƣˣһøϽȥֱűܸϡ
̫ȵۣλ´ɽꡣ
Բܸ϶ġ̫롱Ҫǵģ
и㡣̫ǰᡣģʱֻǲٺ̷УģҲɴһ롣»̫Ϊ󡭡
ܸϼĥƤ˵̫ıҪԡ˵ТΪȣĸɥ¶ҪţͽǴ۵㡣˵֮аٹ٣ҹ嶼עĿ˿ܴΪ̶ȵշġ
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ϷѻֻҪ̫˳룬ʱϺڸһһ׼šʱ𣿡
ѡ⣬һ򽫵òʧһܲһһóԸȫ̽ƿ֮ʱʵֻѡڶ֡
ĸʱ۵ıǱ˿̻ĸˣȻҪТ籾Ըͻĸһ̡˿ڡ
Т֮ģϷһúôϻϵġ
ϴһ
ոգ˴Ϣӵ硣
´ɽھ̫룬Ʊֻ߱ʤŻ򰲶š̫ʽټ򻯣еųǵеġ
ʱôҲɽ˺ߡ
ƱػὫעбšһģһӴţʱȻи
ʤǾలһţ껷ص֮أһġֽϵҲֻỳɵʤŻֱթýעͶ߶иϳš
Ϸһ󡣡
ֱԡ
磬ʱڳʱ֮ǰʤ⣬Ϊ徻ܷ񽫱˵⣿
ʱ䶨ڳʱ껶ʱҾͿʼӦԲ֡ʱϣʱĩж
ٶࡣ
ɡ
Ϻ⣬һҾ
ѾԲɡ
ʱڣԸ˻ǲԸó뿪ǵĿҲһﵽˡ
ֻԸǧʧ



546 µĺӰ
ڣֿʼ
бϿʼ漯Уǽ϶ҪڱŰµ̬
ⲻעתƣҲһʤȥǰš
о߲¶ʱĩϳŽӦжֻȡʲô¶С
ԣĴ󲿾ӢʵȫϳŷȥˣԷӦڣԷⷢ
Ҳԭüλϵ˶̫ʱΪʾǸһ̫ǰ
ҹʼʤǰ㿪ʼóһƬסسǹٱҲͳһһ顣Խ֣أǱҲԽСġ
ڷ֣ʤŴ֮ͮһ뵽ͮݲĹϵ껸ǽʼĵʤŻ״Ǵ㷴ǰķ˳ĳŵ
ģ˼ǧ˴ʮһߣγ͢ˣթలʲô״
ʱĩΪƣ֮ʱ
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һŻǼɹɢСпʼжӣ֯쵼ķһ˳
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ʱͻȻǽϻһƬյ
¶ķûüɺ͵Ӧԣ㱻ǽļ䡣
ѾͻڳĽʼ
Աһ׼ֵĽӦ䲻ķ·硣
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ˣ
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ٽҲףΪҪ͢Ƕֱ淴
ģȻֻаٶˡ
ٶˣ糾ͣǱ
Ϊ׵ڡ
һȣǡ
δ壬һźӰ
ٱźӰԭǸ񡣴һһˣɪɪ
ɲ̫ˣ


547 ˴
ڼֻ˰ٶ˻ؾʵ˶Щʧġֱ̫ӡ
һĳȡ
˭Ҳûܰ˴ƽأ
뷨ӽӦ̫뾩һֱǳ»ʵ֮¡˿һ½ͷʯϲ¡
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Ǽһԭû˿һһʱݹᾣ磬ͷ棬ݿ£ɪɪһˣϲޣֱӡ
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ҡҵ໤ˡͰͣ档
Ȼһͷȴһһɨƣֱ̬֡
̫һأǱ㲻ûѡڲƵͷǲõ»ʵݱӦӦԣ㣬Ӵܣңң
ϣֵ˴ȡ
ˣϷˣףֱӲͷ˸ҪϢãк⣡
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˿ͷЦ
˿ͷǣ˵Ҫλһƣһ¸ų̶뻢ѨʱһĨڣǺ
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ֵǣǽĿǳó䲻⣬ϱзһ𣡴˿̣ҵǰӪأ
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ʮһͳͷ˿ҪģǳţֻҪŹѵļգӭԮѾָտɴ
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549 ˺
ڴȥɽˣȫ߶ల
ʱΪ˹˺սѣͬģͬ顣
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ͳҡͷŵҲӦǡոһ뿴źŵģῴ
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లΪҪӪȣ
ల͢˶ٴˣ
βɽˮԶ磬Ϊ͢¼ɱ㣬˵ùĿ꣬һలʿĺͬʱҲڹİΣɣӦȲҪȥɣ͢ΣΣǺθɣܱȵǵĹ׺ǵأ
͢ضǲ壬ԹҲ˵ùȥɣ
ϾలҲڵǣ
һڡ
ӦòڡӻھУలôҲӲܡ⻰Լ˵û
లలʿȥɽƴɱֻΪ˾ӣ£ЩలҲӦɣҡల˵ѱٰȥ˱𴦣˵ͻలˣలӦһ㶼ĵϵѪϰɣ
ڱؾУలҲδػᰴԸߡ
ͳ˼ɵǶԵģܸġӦҲǷలδƽзల֮ƣԽղŻСģһΡɽҲ̽ǿǹʱల˻᲻æ᲻ж
ǽŪ˻ͶʯȴͲţ˰ԵʡֻҪȷల˲뿪Ҳ޹˼ˡ
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˵ˣȷʵȵ۲صŻలʧԼ·ҼȣҲ֮вǣ
ӣܷలүһ⣿
ԡʱڿɲ㽫ȷˡλҲҪվల롣
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ɽǶ֮ͻһܾ֮¡లɽѾԪ˿սҲ˽ǣصĻһ겻ٱһǱ˺
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లһ䵱֪Ҫʵʱ򣬳͢Ԯǵˣʵͷˣܾ˵లɽȫ𡭡ల˭˵ȥ
ϾͱҲͷһˡ
ʱలûˡҲٻزȥػ˼԰ˡ
վ棬లȷʵҲ²Ҳö˸ǣ
Ƕ͸ͷ۲ѡ
Ըϣһ⣬Ҳһ⣬ڸҲ̬ȫలǡţͣʥּԡֻҪүǵĳ⡣
ôͳȥ
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ҲలĴλȷʵǶˡȷ֮ơ
껷ҲలƶλలһЩչలûӦֽӵϳš
ȻలȻƺͣͣƶûκζ˾о߲㡣
գڸͽ̶ѡһ֣һ֧ͻӣ͵͵Ǹలȥ
ͻӸռ׼ðжǱȴలˣѾɹˡ
һలȻǰߣ
Ҫ֪ҪͻɽΧţƱҪۡ
లȻڴ壡ȻӢۣȻʧȻӣԵˡ
죬లʿǰ
һڸ϶Ϊ֣صӭ˳ȥ
оķߣһӢ۰
Ȼʲôలʿ
ǧ˾ģȴǵձʵ۰లҫͳӡԶͰ·ɡ
һˣǱ
ͳǳ飺ԣͻΧ뾩ģȫԭбո˭˵లڴģǼǳСɣ£ȫǡ
ӡԶҧŴү˵ȵ۸లɽӡ˿ɽûӣǾͻȥˡ˵һ·Ŷн御లʿνǾнͰǴĶĶȥ
ʲôν
̾ȻȻ˵ȻĶԹ
ȵǿнӡԶȥలలȫԱϸɽǿаӡԶవ׷లСЩǶ˵ˡӡԶм֮ɽһûٺٻûͷѹలߡ
Դ˿ð˷֮£Ȼ⡰లȵˡ˭˵లºص˵ˣǳ͢á
ӡԶֵలԭȫ˶ؾģ·ΪĻؾˮ·ֻҪˮԺõıʿֻʮֵܡӡԶͷలŴӦʱ˼ٽ
లҪǣҪӡԶϽ뿴
ӡԶֻܴˡ
λϵͷలܹȵ۰˵Դ˿һлᣬȲҪǡ
ոѾʹ˽Ӧǻؾͳ죬Ⱥǳҹֻ֪һĻǺӣͨˮ˳С𲻶ֻ࣬¶ǰɱˣʧ٣ˡ
ల¶
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˼ҡࡣ
üһԣలУֵ
Ŀ˵ۿֵڸǰϵҲѽܡڷȵȴҲӲʧûԭ£
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λ
øల塣
⻰ѾˣʥּҲӡ



554 Ļȸ
кܳơ
లһӣԷʮȫѹϣ⾩ǱͲˡ
లү˵ʲôˣ
ԭġӡԶҧ
̫浱లʱʾΪ֮ŻܰΣలٱ֮أ͢ŵ֮֮లలలͱŵǰలȫȨ
̫ڻλʱ׿ڱʾలͿ๦ߣҺͳ֮͢ѪԶͬͬģĪк֮ǡ̫ױ֦ͬͼలи߹ҡ
ʵʱʱల򣬴ˡסү˶λһǰలͺ͵ǿలҾϹᣬͿ๦ߣ֮ҵĿأ̺ΣΪսү˵ʱգǵڱ߾վţš
ȵʱڣǶб̬֪Ҳöԡ
ǷͼνͷŵǸΪֵʥּలⷿﶼ̫ˡ
లһֱճŵϣҲһֱΪΣ½˳ƽ˾ƽʱలȴһյսսı
లĳŵˣ͢ͻʲôȵﰵ㣬Ϊ̫ʱİı͢లӶల󡭡ЩҶ֪ԡ
ӡԶһһɨˣԣలֱԣ͢ͻҵӦУšҲšʥּڡ
⻰û硣
లίȷʵǳ͢͸λȵ۶ల
ԹѾãþѷ⡣
లʱҪ
үɻ˵
ల˵లΪ͢ģٶȻصలȥݽĴܾУǵݽӪȰɡ
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ǵలһһҪã
ȵݲıؾǶܱˣƻ˶ˣ
λһⲽ
꣬
ల˿ںδ
ʤűʮԭ
ʤǾǱƫλã뾩˰
ԸӡԶǰɽӴˣǵװΣ
ܺãлҪãҲ֪ôӣôеలҪá
లɱ̽Ǵ˷ΧɽĻھʹʮͨǧһĻ梁Ѹ略в١ҩӴ
ˣΪ˹ǣǻѻలΧʱǱùЧ
ԽԽ䡣
ɽû𣿻ϱƭߵľ껺ļҵףȫȥˡЩӣбˡ׼Ȼװ֡
ѹ⼸װģĹǣҲܺûں˺þá
ѻǹѻΣлѻװҩҩõĻȼзѻҩרо֮áͣɱǿؼǲ裬׷鷳
Ȿǳ͢УҲоˡ
ԣйˡ
ƣЩϢԽԽ˽ģ˶Ѱ̲סⲽ
⣬ʵ⣬һǻظ翹ͦ졣
ԷòĵҩǹƳֻ¶òһĹ
లﻹôǿԮ
껵ѴʮջвأʵԱȽԽҡǻһϵʱ˼Բߡ֮ǰలӦò뿪Ըϵǲల뿪
ǰһߣվǱΣӣ
үû˵ˣʱలӴǸǷǸкĶصˣలѡ񣬵ôĮ
˵ôһ䡭һֱδڵ·ȴ䲻˻硣֪˵
ֱ˵
ʱ뿪֮ʱүʦү˵ǰˣպýǾˡ
˵
ү̾һô꣬ô౲ôŬɻΡ汲ѭȥһգలֻʣ·սֹȴﶼҲˣĲٹǰս󷽵ıͱӵˡЩıˡ
¾ôࡣԭûΣԽ׽Խԡ
·ɿһۣ漴Ѹٵͷ
š
Ҫı䣿ӣ⾿˼
Խľ
ѹûⷽ롣
ǰలһֱԿƾʲôͲı䣿
లҪתĴʵûʲô취ȨԶڳ͢С¡ǲǳˣ
ΪలһӪȣǽΧǾͲģ磬껺;ܾˣճ
ܿܣΧ죬췴죬లҲ졣ϣкβͬ
లҲĻȸǲǣ



555 õѡ
һƽȴ
ףǰǾ䣺ʱƺˣǺ⡣
ӦͻΧ֮ɽ½ϵǸ١Ҫþоһȴͼ尾Ĺ̡ھжలĵϣ֮ʱһˮɽʵʵӴ룬ԴȾǽలݡ
ˮת˭뵽µలƿȨһȫˣ²ؼ߸߹𣡶ɵȴڽӵĶĵزŰų֣װˣȻ۷һʤߡ
·һల
Ҫͷѡģֻоǣ
Ϻ갡
ڶŲਡͷӻͷúܣŶдǲѱˣһƣҲ˻˵లвڸͻʵۡ
ʱȥɢ˸˵ռˡ
ڸߣбƸİתһλĻǲӡԶ·ɺ͹ˣŹţܸ۾ĴˣԸ϶һۺ󣬸Զ˲˼
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Ҳ뵽ֻʣ·
ల뿪϶ǲеġ⣬ǳŲȥΪ˴ܣΪͳһΪ˲ùֱλһϣ
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ͷǷǵͬʱץͷһۡ
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Ը˻Ƹһۣ
ȵۺǴ𲻴Ӧ֮𣿰·ԣలүί֮⣬бȨƿءֻҪԸֻҪǸģװ뿪ͷɱǹ⾩ǾģѡȨɲǡ
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ǶϤ֮ʱλĺô㲻Ϸ˵˰ɣ˻ݽֻҪúˣƾలݽ;еܱܰȸʮ꣡
Ǳ߻ƸϸҪɣ֪ȴʵ۸ˡ
ͬ⣡ͷ޻壬׿ţ޺̫ӵľˣԿΣ
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˿ӭƶϣܻ⳯͢లϵξ档ã޴Ӧ
˳Ĭá
һֱûڵĲܸϵӵȷʵǸԺʵѡ񡣵֮أɨһలҪûλ
Уλͬʱԡ
Ըϣѣ̸һ̸ԸᣬҲҪһЩŵȷҺͳ͢ԼλΪΣ
ãһεģŴǺԥӦ
ڸ̾
ʵܣⲻóѡֻ²õѡ񰡣
ӹ̸̸ɡ
һֱǿӲĻƸҲֻˡ



556 »ٵǻ
ڽٰ
ٰȵС
ԭνķô
ల԰ı㣬ɾڣĿĶܴﵽλٿలһԶ±ƵˣలصĽҲ档
ɲϺʲôûʲôֻԶԶԹۣ껲Ҳó͢á
ٰɣȻలȫų͢òѺలϣôҲõ־ܱԮ֮ԵӰָҲలֱʡ
У
ǡٰ֪οڡǰһӣ룬ʺ
֪Ц֣֪Ҫɺڡ㲻ԸСԣڸλҿںұʾҿԼλ̫ӡģ
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ǡڵͷ㲻ԸȻ㡣Ҳˡʮ궼ϷУҲҪӡ򵥵Ļţҵ׷󡣡
ںѡһǸλӣѬģĲױױխϣһճΪȵˡ
ŵ֮ʱλһ㣬ҿǰ֣ݣһڸһңһݽģǵĺ֮ǡ
˵ǻһڸվ
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ǻλһ֮ȻƵῴ
ôһԱȣԵøոջʲôڶŵǺ
һӭж⡣
϶ԲܣԲȵۣ˴УõĽȵѪ֮Ҳܽ˳ȹѹء
̫ˣ
ԣⲻλǱȣǲѣڱˣڳ͢Σ֮ʱͦҶɹѹأѩ̿Ǿۣ
ܲΪܼˣԣ
λүһһ
˸ЦдᣬҲڱȭ
壬Ⱳ֮ˣ޸мΪޣΪģΪһУ

ԣѾӦˡҲд顣ҼλүҲˣֻʱƳɵȻҲûдѾʼźˡ
ٰͷ
ȵʱͿܣף˿ڵı̬콵ʱꡣӦΣ֣˭᲻ӦͷöһȫƺʮڸϡǶŲȥ˰ɣ
ԽǸð취లȾΣѣԵ±ԹǴܵĶˡలصλˡ
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⣬սʼҲǽˡϢǱܵġٹв֪Ϊ˴һֲʱƶת;ĩ·
գҪһս˷ţٶСĴǣ
ٰ
ˣأʲô
ء˽ӻ޲ˣʱûһ޾Σá޸ж͢ж˭Ҳ޻˵
ٰҲû˵ˣȺ˶ͣȻ˸Ӧԡ
ɰɣ
ٰϡͿ
λͷڣ֣ߵ˺󣬱ֱȥְٹϳһ¼
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һ̶ӺŵһУ̿ǰʥּۺᣬڸ죬ٹٹݣꡣ
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󣬾ŵźŵ𣬹죬»λ
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˵ҲӦ˹˿֯·ʤȥ
Ҳ뵽һλలȻȫȾǡ
һӺµºվ˵ʤųǽ֮ϡ
ڽΪ»ʣս֡



557 ȷ
ʤⷴڷӰչ⣬߸ǽͷ̨ʱµġ
ո̻𣬹죬˵»ʵǻʶжӿҪбٳµѹȸУֻû뵽»ʱ˻ôվǰ
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ոռգеûûҹƳİٿţôһ˳ȥ
ʤ⣬˲䶯죬޺
Ϊ˽లͻȻ£ԷӴలĵʤŵķأﱻˡ
ڣҲǴȸһȭ
³ͻȻʤⷴڵϼָʾȫ׼㡣
ͻϮԭķʱңҴܡ
һ֣ʤųǽͻȻ֣Ѿλȵľһ̡
뷢Ϊɢҡ
ǱӿƲãոշ˺صľ֪ʤŴ󿪡
ٶȼţ˰ȥ׳ɢ˷飬һɧҡͬʱǽʼղͣ
һһ֣÷ֶٶҲûʱʩչŷӦֻ½󲿷־ȫ˵ʤţҪǲڣδһȷˣ
ǧۣһƵҲԶԶߣలڿలǰʤŵľ롭ҲͶʮء
͵һЦ
ԣǰĴ󲿶ӱڽӽˡͷӣӷӡԶ·˻Ӧñ㽫һ̴žžˡ
ʱϣúܺã͵Ĭ
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ͬʱս󣬸϶Էѹơ
ըţŪýͷöһڳǰţɧ֮ҲˣٽнһѹʮսҲֻǿӸɣﻹмܵķݣ
෴ͷֳ˶ʮС飬鳤ڳǽѾһԼԱһСΧȦԼͶסչΧɱöԷɢĶлϲ
ѾǴһӵʱ䣬ǵոͷ԰
ȷ˵ͻս˼ȥõģҸСİ취
ԷֲöԷӲǻơ
˿̣ʤǰʮ̨ڣӡԶԵѻЩ׼õĻҲһûûʱ䣬ûᷢЧˡ
գҪ껺ͣǵĻƻҪ껽ʱ䶼ƣڱ
ʤŵĹͣڸĴųϢʤѾ󿪣ؾȫҪ뷴ָʤ
һγ껲ὫĴ󲿷ֱ

ʤⷴûʿҲûеͻƣֻϢ֮ơ
쿪ʼˣɽһΧȦȴԽսԽ£⡣
սһߵŴϢ˵Ԯѵǰؾüʱ䣬Űյ󣬷ͽʤš
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һ֡
ǽһӶؾ͵һգٲս
ؾĿҲͻһ䣬ʼȫǿᷴƥ
ʸǰѸѡӴܣȥǵϣؾץյʱ䣬սʡ
ȫɻѻҲֱӱߡ
ϢڷԶԶƼʤʱǰʣıֻһصʬ塭
˿ѵʮలʱͣΪҪԼһΧ֪ԼۿҪطɵʤȴѻϡ
СӣǱԼǣƷˡ
͵˾䣬ȴЦ
ֱ衣
ô˼һ¾ˣ
ث֣˵˾һʤ˵ǻ֮ĵһߣƭӣƭӣ
껵ˣ¹ѻΪµλʹһԵ۲లʮأҪʱٶȣ˴ָ֧Ԯ
֪Էȴˣ
ôˡ
ڳŸ
ɵʤŵǱʲôӦûУԵǰЦ
һʱ䣬껾֪ǸóలûȹǸɫƣǳలƣȴల˵
ۣ޵ͷʹ
ϵ𣬷һ͵Ϯʧһ󣬵ˡ
һΣȫ̷껵ǿ˵
λ߳˷硣



558 սֵŤת
رֻ껣󲿷ֶ㾡Ѫе˿ۿƲͷ껼ðգ
ʲô
ǿһһ󣬱󷽲ϵలغ죿
ȶԸల˰ɣల̫ôѴˣ;ʮ㣬һһϦܸܵģһϽսӣ죿
ǣ껽Ȼ෴һսԳˣలԾӪȻǼٳپһǷǣ˻ɽɽΪݵأӲʳܵؿʼ²֡
磬ôˡ
͵Ŷˣ˻ɽ񲻳ķͿƵ֣ıģ
Ӧ
˫˽֡
ʱ䣬Ҳһš
͵ƿűȨ͸ؾȫأй
ȻϢͳȥȴмүˡֱǱ͵ϮѴ򵽰ˣ
һ㶣ʲô˼ʲôд򵽰ţˣ

ڵʤߴʤ󣬳һأбѿʼֱתơ
תƣٶųǽƵķɿ̫ࡣ
껵ķոյִʤŽ֮ʱʵؾڶֱžλ
ʱֱŷߣǿ֮ʱ
λڶһʱȴǶֱؾȫ֮ʡ
ؾУڳǽֵ£ֱһķͺ޵ֿ֮ɢߡ
һΣֱȴϡ
ؾ糱ӿȫ׷Ӵܣϲķ
ӵŸʱϰҲǴ󿪡
ӿһؾֱӵסȺȥ·
ˣд󲿷ֵؾۼߣȺ˺Χ
ʱиӿ˵ǽͱµĴͺľ˰Ÿȥɽ·ֱӸγһԲ
˶ÿ죬ȥø졣һɣٴλ˰š
ȵλյֱϢææӦӵ˱ɽȴŷ֣Ǳ˾밲ֻһص·ڡ
ǰ·ϼʮɳ˰˸ߵĴͺľһʱ䣬ûܳȥ߷ԾϺľѣƫᵽ˲ôϢƺͣ
Ȼת˲֮󣬳ǽϱ¡
Ȼÿһֻͷ϶ͲŻ
Щľ˲䱻ȼôγһ»ǽǵǰ·סˡ
ɺ޵ǣǶܷǽ֮󣬲ԶİϿգһشźŵǶɽźš
ǸֵཻǴɽ˻޺
ֻһأ
ֻôһ»ǽ
ǵ࣬ǵʵǿȻǾǲܼʱϵû˾ȳţΪ
ĸо̫ˡ
ߡ
ʱ˿̣ȻԶֻҲӪˡ
Ǻγ֪ؾҪסǽŲһʱֻܱ⸽û׳롣
ؾڱǣڱƽలཻ
·
졪Сڣһεģҧгݡ
͵ɫǺڳ˹ס
ǰлǽల
Ϊǽ͵Ϯܿǽ̫
ǣոѾ˳ŵɽɲ֪״ֱŷ򳷣ضϽֱŷߵʤųˣ򽫸պñలϡ
ڴؾ֮ǽ¾ҪãŵɽôһײǣһƸɢ֮ɣ
ɺޣ
ͼζŵֵǶһֻ̤·Լ֮ˣҲʹ˿ߵˣ
øۣ̲סݺݹһۡ˵˰ɣ˷˴ʱԼִ˿λᴦΣ֣
͵Ľǣȷʵͼ
õİ취Ȼơ
պΪţɢ
ڵԭҪϵʱ䣬žоѵʱŷʰˡ
ֻҪвҲǲలĿలսξǣ
ҪˣҲһϵ£
ԣ˿̵ڣ˰ŷ󣬱ָ˾ǽĶǡ֪޹֮ԾǾؾѷΪ׷׳ǣӭս
ˣγһаźš롱ķһȺһȺ
򷴾ת۱롣
ѱŤתչ׷ĳ˾бڱͷУȴôҲҲǵλү
ԾؾŸĵȺͿϣܿΧ׷½Щʣ෴׷±вˣͲˣҪؼҡ
ʱలҲڰŸλ
ٳ£ʶ֮ơ
һ̧˲ӡ



559 
ٴβ˷硣
ͽ˵һתۿల;ֵĿܣԿĳǣҪΨһİ취ȫѹϣలһڵıϻ֧Ԯ֮ǰȫһ·
һЦ
ǰ㣬ɽ֪øεȲʹۡӮˣ·ҲǱ׷ʹ򣬻һ겻ĺ
ΪΣ
ǣѹû껡
ల̸
లЦˣǲ֪ͻкγ
ֱ֮ӵһӣһ껵Ĳϡ
껴ʧɫ̿壬ʲô壬ɵ
ȻѹûһۡһƣǷĵһ±껵ĲӡһѪֳʪȵѪѾ¡
ŵûȥһ˲Ѿһڿգҧߵ˵ǿѹΨһ·Ҳǣ
һ亹ȼݡָճڣ㷢ָļѱ͵˸ˡ
ͳ弸ʮల̧°͡
壡ల˵˵ԶԶݡֶ԰껽ǣֶǱƻģ껣˶෬ҡһʱͿƭȻʱһֱںڣԴ˿ֲԸ⽫ⷴ⹦ల干
һ֣Ĵ󽫾һʾ£ֻУʮ˵Ĳϱ˵
Ϊر԰µķͱž⣬껲޶ΪֽһֱĴɿμҵȴڣҲ԰ָ
లǺЦ治Ҫ
⽻ףԱôɣΪҪӦ
ΪలɽͬΪкܶطȻܸͬܵġһգսսУֺòȡµĹ汲սǶܿء
һδαսгɳġÿ˶ʿ˷һʽսʵ壬ѪɺӣЩʿÿЦΪʿǣǸһʲôã
లһЦҪģ㵱Χలʱôû뵽లʿô껹ϣలȥɽˣ˿ȴֻʣࡣǻϴǧΧలֻ¸ɱŹ㣬ζԵȥʿǣ
壬ϸ룬ûǶలӣԲûжԷǵలʹɱ֡
లֱҪЦͣȻ޳֮ܰΧΪǲϳıûնʱ·ǣ˸νġҵһ£û취లϾɱô˿̣Ĺͣ
һ˵ǡ
లɨǰɽⲿô˵ģֻжЩ壬ԼɽŲϵغܡ
һ㣬లһ䡣
ΪҪʲô
ҽ껺Һҵ뿪ұ֤˻ɽƫɽһ硣ҿԽɽͷɽϵӵܡΣ
లֻǵЦ
˰ɣ
ɽϵǺһӣȫкκδ۶û
ͣ˿ɱ껣ٵأ㱣֤ٶɽ֣Σ
壬ݣαͱˣ
𣡱ûô췴ֶѱҳȲɽǻ֮ˣ׵ʸûУ
⣬Գ͢ͻĹıסԣҪôԾȫɽʿҪôΪȫ˵˽ģԭӦñūʿװԼѡ
Ȼǰвٶǵү
లһЦ漴ٴɽɽţǵλɽǵǱ˿;үԳŴδɣһλᡣԸµͶɽᷢ䣬ܻصбЧҹ֮֮ı֮ɱ⣡
⻰లûʸ˵
˭ڳ˻ʵۣ
ôల˿̵ĵλ
ȷʵϴҪٷƵɽսѣعٵ˿̽ܶ˶ҡˡ
˿ʼ໥ӣŵҲټᶨ
ͺݺҧŴγ֪Լˡ̸вɣҲٴαҡ
ȻԾ
ǣ껲ϵĵ£һӣʾȫ



560 ³
սʱָӾԳ˱֮ľ߳ĵΧˡ
ʱ˺ȫռˣԣɽ߳űʰɾֻʱ⡭
ϿգɽԮźʼղñలסͷ
ʵ˵ڵǻలԮɽɢ๥αѲʵ֡ѹûҪల뷨
˿̵ֻһͷȫܱȫ󲿷˻ɽססϳı
ӮףҪɱһѪ·뻹ǲѵġ
뷨£ָȷ鿪ʼȫǿͻ
ȻƲֹۡ
ͽ˼ͻΧϣԵסѰʱüᷳúܣֱӾܾȻȴ˵а취
ͱǰ
仰Ĺ򡣡
ȻȴŲмְ
Сһ֧תֻҪҵġ
һٿ껣ͦر֣١
ǰֻҪһ¡һ۴аȣʶԣҪˣϾҲǱһذס
𶯣
͸ոΪһҲذһƣͲȾ˺졣
ǱɽҪǰȼݣȴһ̧֣ʾ԰ꡣ
Ц
嵹ʶ࣬ذףֻ࣬Ҫ΢һҪǴҲȲˡ
껵һΧӣͱǰߡ
ల編ơలסֻҪҴһ·ұͽ㡣ɢֻҪͣɽȻҲܣలͿԲôˡܻ㲻ǣ
ոձǸֵҲʱ껿к⣬ĺˡͻȻͲһˡӻɽָͻᱻɣ˵ģһҪܹˣ
ҪԼ
ԣలϣҶٴһ
Ҫ󲻸ߣֻҪܱȫЩʵһ뿪С
´˸С̣లĴսˣ˵֧ܽɽҲһ
㲻ܣҲܴŲͶ躲ǣٲУμǻһЩҵڽϣ԰зչеľᡣӱʮ겻ܻоͷ֮
£ͳˡ
ƣలЦһƿɵһ껡ӴǲͶҽǹҧ
ȻలδڣǱȴǹЦ
ʲôδԭڶԼ編ơɵȱ
СֶвûȲల᲻Ӧ㣬ͷһҳ֣ɱ𣿡
ϹҵвǰᣬǸɱ껣ɱһʣɽȺףذܣ֮ޡʱ򣬰껣ȫûԣ϶̰Ĳɱкξ壿
㲻ңˣͲġ
һȻҶֻ֡Ϊలѡ
ȴ͵һץ
ס껲ֺݺһһš
ذ˲䱻תһ
ꡪһΣɫ
أ껵Ķߵ㲻ɱңҸɱ㣡˵ö֮
껲ţ
ͷԼؿڣʧ˫סذ״ֻһϢֱ㱻籡Ѫʪ͸ˡԼѪ˲ء
ͣذףеĻĿڣ
ȼݣȼݣ껺¼ˣԭҪһӵ϶ͳ֣ȴ͵һɨӸԭءûǰûСߣȫĮۡ
Щɽǿң˴ġ
Ͷݺӣ֪ߵغĶ㻹ڣΪû취ΪӸոǲɱ㣿ͺˣˣΪǣѣһӢûˡѾԲڣǰܣҲҪŪ㣡⣬³
ͺݺһƣغء
˵һǰֱ
Ұ
ͷưףһ
յĴ˿̣ڸͷϣֱ˳ᢣһһѲӣʮ˵Ĺݡôһҹ֮䣬㶪һУ
ʼûţôˡûܣҪˣ
ؿڵʹľʧٶۣ˶УʶҲԽɢһжڸͷˡ
ʱ磬̫߿չţ۶ңȴ䡣
ΪΣÿһأֻ̫һ֮ңȴôһ㣿
껴Ÿ߿գĿ


561 Σ뿭
԰رתڣڱֻɱķϣϣϿԷһ·
һοڳڵݡ
Ը⳼ϣת
ȻలûҪ˼ۿɽսһɢǷһһε͹
ɽֻӲͷƤϡ
ͻΧ
ôҲ뵽Ť㵵͹飬ڻһʶʱȴͷնǰģһɿµĳɽȫҲ˲ñأڶмϵƲôһ£磬ȡ
̤
棬֫ؿڣһһ¡ؿڵǱذҲ߷ɣһѪӡ
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;ͳ˻ʵ۰
û֪Ǻʱġ֮֮󣬻ĲϲȹҲ֪ΪղסŻǹйޣգλĻʵӣ˸ȳ࣬ȫʬûס³
սĽȻû
о뵽ɽΧʱעֿĻᶼûˡı⣬ڳǽٱҲǿʥϿֻͣҪͶܵôᷢ䣬ٻɽԽԽɽ˱ʾͶԹԱ
Ҳڰǻǽվʱڳ忪һ·
ӳĽһʮء
ţֻҪܵԶЩలŻలڸһλȶоƣһ׷ʹ
ֻҪӻɽܵһϢ֮ܺúϢ䲻˵մͷһͷܹ鲻ѡɽڳ͢ɽˮɲʲôÿеĹͷҪ뷢Ҳס
Ȼ͵κܿˡ
ȥ·ϣͻȻӭһ֧顣
ȥߴһ۲죬ͼֱޡ
˾ôǰߣ統ͷȡ
ԭǱǾܵؼԮǳٳδȺѣ˾ȥɽĿϣĳЩͶ
⼸ǰϺలսʱ룬ÿ඼ֻʣ֮һᵽһҲֻǿյˡлһɵĴʵսǿ
λָʹ͸Ŵ󲿳ԸģϵĶ֣֡˿̰žָʾǽϺȴûһжҪ޴ǲ֪Ӧ˭죬Ĵ֡
Щ궼δսۣͻȻҪӪȾУ˵Ǽ١һҲսѷǣһǰ֮мϣڶнȴҹ̽Ӫء˱ల
లĵظ
లˣԭеĴӢۡƷڱŷ
˿˵Ըⵣεలֻ仰Ĺ˶Ψհ
లʾԸలȷȥϾΧɽˣΪþȥɽʿڣסԷ·
ల֣ǽаͱలϱǾǣȫԽԷӡ
ల;вУΪһ֧͵͵ɽʹһ
ȲãƾԸͦһָҲȫͷ
ҲˣԮųٳδӰ
ɽһôԶҲల׷֮йûоȫһùĻᡣ
ల;ӺϵʱѾһ档
ɽƣ۲٣ȻǶ֡˿ôһΧ졣
Ͷ˳սףһ
ʮ⣬ˡ
ǧǳȨģԸлϿԷŹ⼸ǧսʿбɽеĴ󲿷ֻ£ǶǱʿ˻ѫʴȣᷢ䣬ٷһ·
Ϳͷתɽߵס
ǱԲסǣֻ±ٴǱˣ
䣬ǿѪڵءԭڷ;ĩ·ʱѷҲΪ˱ȫõİ취
;ôˡ
ҲԾ
ɽȫͶ
ʷơıҡ¼ʹƽϢ
ǽ
һƬڡ
Σͦ쳯͢;һ¶⣬ŽһģʱڽתΣΪ»ڵǰǣŷԱӵ
ӿУףΣͿ
లǹֻڳ뾩йٱһ˶սˣʾҪٶȥݽһ֪֮ǰ겻֡
Աµնల壬еͣĹף
Ҳʼƺ



562 һ
ǶһɽȱԺɹ״Ѿ졣
μס֮ء
֮գμһӡʱһųǵģ껣ξĸӺٻ
ٻؼգϲ
ĴŮͷʹޣŮݵֻʣһѹͷ࣬ҲѾ࣬һ˷ܾ˶СĴۼˡ
ٻ֪ʱ䣬ξûиԼһӹ
Ĵȵ嵽ŶӸκϿͷξǰҿ˵ξ˺üĶ⡣Ҳξ϶˴ĥŮˡôξһӣ޸껸ŮȴûУ
ԣ˵ǰУȴˣһξֽţ
Сˣǣң
ĴͷðȻҲ
ξҲģҪ֣ɶȴΪĴȵײжܾţڵغޡξȥӣ䲻Ĵȸһѡ
ͬһӻκϿپ֣Ůٻ۸ӱӢǣԼĴĳʱУѹס
˿òؾۣ֪ܵϼ˻ҵźŮﻹ̣ԥĴȳ˹ȥһѶĴȣһצӾ޶䷢
Ťһ顣
̫æ˽˸ֿˡ
κϸ̵ģ̫̫һƣȵԼϡ
ɺͳ̫̫κϣŮ
κŻؿ̫̫ǲ̫ˣȶֿɲң֮ٴһһ֣κʧЦԼʧˣμֻ棬֮˵ɡ棬ԼŮû㻤Ÿ
ξӽĸκϣЦںǿҺҶ𣿡ǰͰˡ£ĶӣΨһĶӡ谮ŮˡҲҵ
ξ⻰ǱĴȴһЦ
Ĵȷ˸۸Ҫڣȴɽ˵õϢӢСٰӦȥݼˡ
Ĵɫһˢס
һֱڳţμ˳֪ӲСһʱڳǽһţɽμҵ˽μҸһ飬ȴûϢ˭뵽յȴôجġ
ٰڹУôͳˣǱ˰ɣ
Ĵİ
һУΪĸиǰ̰ҪûˣһУʲô壿
Ĵȶ˵Ҫسǡ
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ĴΪ̫̫ûпܺöӣԹԡ
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ҵ£ͲùˡҪģǰչ˺ٻаʧһ˿ίұҪʧˣ
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ѾˣκĸŮŭĿӣξСӶҪߣ˵ĸġš
ˣ̫ǳϡξúԼλӣػɣӳ죬һĻᣬɽİæɽôģǻûǵۣ˿ܵģĴȺٻӢŪûˣٻĴΨһͷ״¡
ôҾܵģξòΪ㱻μҺ껴ߣͶҲܵƴ
ƨػɣô;ȫɽ˺ĴȵˣԭͶϺ󣬻ϱӦɣӷġܸһӵģ
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ξĴ̫̫̾΢ӡλĪΪ㻹Ϊ󣿡
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ˣ̱ɽԣʺ֮λٻģ
ξʧЦ̫̫˵ƶȻˡ
ξûôɽ껺϶Э飬ٻǸ¶Ҳ껵ĵͷ
ԣתǧغٻޣԼ檣ٻǸһͷԼҪĴĸŮڽ£ƾٻţǼԼĶ⣬ӣǺεң
ǵ³ĸŵ¶ȹʱڣȻٻãڵϣֻҪ㻹ܵһλģ
ξκϽԾֱҪЦⶼʲôƨ
̫̫ٻֶסξкӣֿҲڶźӿٻϡ
ξͻȻֲԤС
źӵסٻߣ˼վκ
ٻɺĺӾ͸ٻɣξԤгˡ̫̫һݷٻһӵġ
ܣκξͬʱԡû뵽޳֮ˡ
ξΣ룡ҲӦӦ
ٻһЦڽӭüһˡ
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κ޽ӡҪȥסٻȴûϱסˡ
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ȴһƺκ
ѵ㣡ǻжӣֻҪǰ;ˣŮǮԭҲΪ壬ΪףΪֵܷġǱ˵ѪֻҪ̶ȻȡֵкҪ
֡๫Һã˼ãʲôǿ¶һº͵Ц
κһƿЦǴӦʲôˣŮﶼˣպͿͰգϲҪҲνôﶼ
γԣһˣŭĿȴţ̫̫׿ŵֻҪӸٻ볯ãӴƽơаӶûְλҪԼˡ׹ݵȻʲá
ѹٻ̫ӡ̫ӣԺʵ۵ġھߣҲǸɢү˻ϣܲǵĺã۹ôͲܷųԶЩ
κ
ˣȻμҵ֣͸ġֻ棬ģΪ˶ǰ̣ǴӦ϶μңˣ࿴һ۶жģ
ΪٻŮԼŮ˶ίϹŮĴȣҪ̤ƾʲôúڣ֪ˣͲöٻ顣ٻʱ͸ֶŪٻģ׺˻ã
ۼǱٻξк֣ȥκٴαһ޶סˡ
κޣӺȥ
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ٻһ㣬ֻһȻκϵٻֱӱ˦һϣصأֱһȲܵñͷС
ˤˣȥ㲹һӣȴǸһѡ
κûܳɹݺϣֻһ
ٻһӣŵ˻ͣ
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ңξȥ
Ҿ㿴̫ҸҲң
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̫̫ԣһƨ¡
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ˣĴھбδ
ξκͻȻЦ
һΣκϳ֣󰡣ҿҲң
Ȼȴ̫̫
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κЦ̫ͷ۲ѣȻٰκϣû׷ٻ֮£ԡϽתơΪڽҹ˴¡
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ٻšôˣҲһֱƱҪ䣬Ҫȥ
̫ҲԸţҪˣҪʬܲŴԾšŹ鲻ţٻ֡
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ٻֲֹϴ֣ˤ˷üĻκĸŮ
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ȥʬڴҸط˰ɡٰ̾ⶫǰԼĹû׷˹һеĳٻڵϣٰǸٻ档



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