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1.     ޿

ȥȡﵽǱܷ紦Ұա
Ŷ
ķģƬ̱ء

ջƻ裬֮ʣ˺Ȼ˵м¡ʸոն룬ֻ÷꣬밲ִҴҸ˴ȴ֪÷ԺƬ̣һʱ
ֵ¡һ֚ӳմأȻˣʺܿ춳ֽű촽ס
Цʹη˿극
һδ𣺡ءʲô  
ڶδ𣺡бԼȥȥ
İҧȴޱӲֻüԼҹšĴæǸʴˣ֪ҪȶãȥҪˣǾȥһˣȡ¯СԺˣٲ֮࣬ߵĿƬ̱㷵Ҳʲô¡

վϣĿͰӰ뿪ⳤȶͨȴͷܣڵ͸磬ΨԱܷ磬ʱշ죬аš
ϲֹһˣʹӣͬȴվſڣ̿ϮˣմȾЩ䴦Ҫʺࡣ˲ʱƳһʣĿг

Բȥᣬֻʱ̽Դ۰ͰſڣȰ֡
ô·˰ɣֻҲˣǶòƾͷڴͷӦܿɡ
ţȻŲ죬æ̧ͷȥˣʱһ
δķˡ

ֻſһ롣ΪŮͷ䣬ŮС˸Ⱥǹ°ӵţƺƵԶ
΢΢˺󣬴վ

ʹһˣЦӭлˣ
ĸ극ûһŮʵԼĪʮһ꣬òȴ΢΢𣬿ʱϲüͷ̬ư
ǿˡСȥͨһ
ʹȥŮȴһתԵȥ
ӴϡͰŮվǰ̧°ֺͣбʡһŮಽǰվһء
ʵͷ۹۱Ǳǹġ

һĨȥһֻɹҰգҹ١˴ۡΪ鲮ԶɽȢһ檣һŮ⣬ŮΪޣĸңɴΪɣΨĸԶɽżȻʶãԶɽƽһţִ⽫̧븮С
ã㻳УȻ򸣱ʱѪȪ
ǡ겮Ϸˣĸϣӳ籯ϱֻճССӤ¿콫ߡ

Ϸ˳̼֮ңϲ΢ʱƳϲշתأⲮһӣȴزۣ㽫Զɽ¡ϲԶɽϮλȢӣϷ˹Բˡ
Ϸһֹܾ̬֮࣬Ķǡ꣬ľ쳾£豹棬Դȶ嶣һǻ龡Ͷϡ

˵һޱõʱ⡣ĸΪһأʰУԣ֣ɣǡʳɳ鶯ϻ۶ɣϷ޾ĻЦڡ
Ȼвơϣײͷ˯ԴꡣδȬϷȴǳɼľɼ御
Σвִһţͻؾ鲮

Ūˣĸʧߣ벻ҪͻHǷ֮ءСҪܿˡվļңѪԵ֮סԼãᱣƽСʣҵĹʶӦĸ⼸̣Ҫƽƽ󡭡
Ϸ֮߬סʵ֣һһ鶣˫Ŀˣˮ
ҴӦĸҪ
ʺޡȴվ޷ĸ

ĸţʻؾ

ĸҵأ
ʱʼ˶ΨԼûУʹĸ
ѽ
ĸ֮һһʮ֪С꣬ͷԴ˲ʡδȻ飬˾Щ⣬뷨Լ֪ԼǾ֮вܻӭȻĸȫȫİ㹻ֲǷȱʧ
ңе
Ǽģż̽ĸҴҴȥƬ̣һǡ


ӱϰǧҹʼԼסʴδʹʧĸƽһ뿪Сĵط˵ǻؼңȴһȫİĻ֮壬֮Ǿκˣ֮ˣİ֮Ψһʶ֮ˡʿõһЩο
ʷ糾ͣվڸǰ׸һЦһ
Զɽһۣڿڣ˰ȥԺڸģЩƤˣȥɡ
Աϣתȥ

պ󷽼λˣϵĸסÿնдΪʰҩ벹ƷˮͽʷС
պ󣬾н֪꽫鲮ŵļȮλ檣Ϸ˴³СŮˣȻȴǸЩɵġ˲ǰӣȽɣϸϣլʺ񣬻㡣

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ţ˵˵ڶ䣺ɱһԺ󰡣ԹԵģЩ⸮жһ࣬һ١
Աϣӻ֣ϲӬ㣬ǲʡ

𣬴ٳ֣ȡЩҩ벹Ʒʴ˺ټˣÿȥʰҲ⣬˴ʡ
ȥڸеճʳסУҩ˱ˣһʾ֪ˣ޶·һҰݣһֻС棬Īͣɡ
ʣ಻鷳䲻Ųʵ̬ȣȴ˵һУӰ£޴ڡ

ǰ
ճŮѩմŮǰƽǼʣ밺ͦأмᣬȴ֪ΪΣ
Եʣͣͱͬ˰һЩڴһѩǰһͷԷ˶ڣվһأűԣ촽ףһֻ뻢Ⱥ

ĸףѩ¯֪ĸ£
벽վѩ࣬ѩһĸͬòȴرѩɫˣȴƽƽ棬޿ȡ֮Լ֪ò֮⣬оֹϴѧŽ㡣˿ѩͬ¯Ҳ̧°ͣʩЧ򭣬ѧһ䣺֪ô㣿

㻹֪ѩʲҲ޷Ȼ֪ˡ
Ȼ֪ˣҲ޷
˵ҲǼ£ѽҪȥϲءѩ
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̧ۿѩʱױ¶

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ѩֻʻظ֮ϸʣ֮δƹһۡӡʲһݰͰͣСУĸ׻˵üĸǺƣѩȴΪ⣬Ϊˣ治֪ĸ׵кεġ
Ȼ˿ԣ˽ݣ⧲ѩֻͷһʱܵĸоһвʱŭ⡣

㿴ʲôҪȥݹӵĳϲ˺ܵ𣿡ѩüŭ
ʸֵͷɻΪѩŻֻתۼȴȻ
ݹ˭
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ѩʷУЦҲһѧı£˵׼лᡣ
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ѩ˫ĿԲƽϰʴӲڵĳĬ״һڣΪƣž֮⣬ѩҹ̸һʹվڲԶҲЦ

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ѩ˵߼ؿڣһˡ
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ֻϧ硭˵ּ޹أҲһ졭  
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ʹӴ󾪣羪һ㣬֮һȥ
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ҵͷ
ʹʹʹ
ſҷſң

ѩʸߣ׳κδ˿ͷУãֻƴͷ˫סͷƤ
ҲͷһԲʮָӥצץסٴϢ˫Ŀ͸Ȼ֡


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սһһңأ˺ĺѩĲҽС
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Ҫˣ
һ

ż䣬ȻһȣӶʨ
ס֣






2.  ϲ   ֻǴţĪĪ


ס֡
Ӷʨ󣬼ǿ׳ʹǰһ㽫Χǿзֿ
˷Ӧæÿֶ׷׽еˡ
мѩյýѣͷƤʹͷǣһʱֲ嶫ϱЩվȣһŮæס
ĸףأ

ʱһʹץסƵһԡִӵܵԣŲ鿴ﲻסӴҵĹû°ɡ
żٴϢȭͷɽ߬ţ۾ҵ˶Խͫ΢΢ˡ
μӡ̫̣ÿμˣһ⣬·յĴѩһֱδͣ¡

Բ̣ŨüճԹɫ󣬱˷ţվϣķ飬źͷϼ֧νôһվһⱦСɽ
˿Ժ˽ݲֽ֮һأһƬǽ塣
˾Ӹ£Ŀɨˣһ٣ȴܿȥȵҽ

һֻ̿裬ˡһȥ㲻˸
˽վʱѹٿʣ죬˭ҲƽڸгĬԣ޴ڸеСŮﾹᷴǱֱ˼顣
Ȼº𷣶ⲻ˵ġ

ѩԣͷʣĸף㿴ҵͷҪͺˣҪΪңҪͷһİ
ǰ䲻֪ΪκȻˣ¾ʵڲңһⲻˣѸ˼Ӧ֮ʣһȴգգۣʾ⣺ˣӲġ

Ȼȴϡһѩ漴赭д֮պ˵ս
ѩеĸףպ˵ھҪ
һȥ˺ȵ
ѩϾΥĸףֻͷȻεվһȥ

תʣֱúɫսһ̡
һָһۡȴɫ糣š
ֻ˵ˣȥϲӡ
ʲôϲӣִ󾪡
Ѵѩе֪ǰ𾪣ȴҲЩȻû뵽ġ

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ĸȴ̾Ϣһȥϲˡ
ʵһĸ֡

ϲӣ˼壬Ϊ˳ϲ֮áಡ˲޿κλİô˷徣ֻһӲдŮһϦ֮䶸¹ѣŸӡ
Թݱ䣬ʽı䡣ϲɳϲ֮ãȴ޽

ϲ벡߼ң㻤ңȬŮ˫һԸȢһԸޣԿɳɾһԵһԸ⣬Ůѡһڲ߼ңҹ꣬ʱ鸽һıл⡣ֱӹң߼ұϷ𣬺ͷ˺ɡ߲ŮֻЯһѡ

һϲǱ㲻һعزıˣͬʱҲЩƩϱף⵹С£̸ã־ݡ
ڣŮµǼꡣ

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֣һѾ
ԵйȥϧŮ˼ңԸԼŮȥϲӡ

ʱʶóϲ֮ΪڼСƲ˺üա
ĸüչи˵ʶģĸڣϲһա

ڶ˹š

ַӦʱʧɫѿڵ򲻿ɣ
кβɣɫһչչ䣬ɫڵأ˼ң˸ҪҲȥµġֻǴ˴ͬԷݹӲأʣ޷ܡ
ּǣǡ
˺һڲ裬ݹʲôݣӺҲȥ˵ϲӣȨѹвྺãӦ˲ǡ

ܸˣ̫ͻȻ⧲治֪Ǻãˣš˳Ųյһۡ
һֱվţʱڵ֪𣿡
󣬻ȴȻƽɫջݺ

ԣһЦ㸸֪Σ֪Σѵƾܹɣ˵ϷڣҲ˵֣
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һߣѩʱ̲סеĸף
ѩͷɢ̬ȫޣʱҲ˲ãֻĸ׵۵ȥΪβңĸΪβȥ
ŭʲôòճŮȥϲӣ
ѩǵÿԷ˭ǿݹ䣡

ݹѫسʳȨ֮ҡݹرפر߽Ϊ̡͢
䣬ΪݹΨһӣΪ֮ӣϮλһһ޳ɣʲôҲ츻ٻȻˣȴ˫ϰ츳ˣ빬ӵͬʮ游Žʮ뺲ԺɴẲѧʿ
겻ʮȴҪְλȻڳоء

ƫò¿Ԫν֣һ˵ͬһϯ£鵭ĮͷȺͷǹ¿Ԫ䶯
Դˡǵһӡֶ֮ߡ
һӴһشˮȴδȻһȢ
ݴԣδƽδΪҡְֺޡ

ѩδˣһִȴĶ࣬ʮףʮɼȢѼͷŮһµԾǵһ֮ġκԼ½Ĳݹʵڲ󣬲Ф롣ѩ˭޾֮·콵Ե

˴ûᣬĸ׾ˣѩϷ죬˺޺޵
Ǻ޺޵ģΪԸ⣡

Ů˼ײҲһ뷨ѩˮ¥̨ƾѩòټԼ󣬱׼˵޽ףɾһ׮¡
ŮˣڰɫŮԼҲ֮ң鲮ǿŵԣԶɽƽӹҲһӣ޳ͷ֮աڴŮ̳ʱɫò绨ҪŮ޵ĺãҫ鹣ޡ
ȥ⡣
˭֪ݹͻȻţڿϲȻȴǿջϲһ

˼ָգҪСӡ
ΪΣ
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ֱйʺˣѩ߷ߵ
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ѩ۾˵
ʱˣֻĸŮһѾͷ

˵ж֪ӲˣȴһֱδȷϢԹݣʲôҽ벻ҪϲˣѲ׶༪ˡ
ԭѩܽȥˣҲѩ飬йݶڣѩһݳ롣ѩȽȥһݴˡ

˻ԸϲӣʹңԹֱʣлΪء
δԸʣ㽫ڹ꣬۲ĲҪһ߶ĻᡣоʱȥԼãҲ˵
һȥһڹ죬֮ˣʱƾŮòԼֶΣǡ
ʵܷڹϲһ£ΪϹṩ֮ʺˣʵΪѩ£ʱʻҪ棬վɽģãЩպ㡣
˵̴žž죬Ŀо¶

ѩһʱϲɫһ£һǼȽˮ¥̨˫ƶɾ۾ѩͷίʵ
ߵߣмɫΣӺͳɵ⣬ܽϲҲϣȨ֮ưˡǰſ۸ڶپŮ֮⣬ܿ࿴ǲϣЩˡ
ѩ԰ġ
ֵЩ²ǲģԻΪǳﻮǽ˼ױݴϣŮòʤͻȻƼѩͷɢ֮Ǳʱŭô˻򲻹һϢֱͰ
ѩͷһۣڨڨԡ

Ǳᡣ
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Ѿྐྵӡ
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ΪͣʵˡֻжΪָǱѰʱָʤĸ
֪ˣĲᡣ

ָʲأţȴίʵЩˣ̲סеʹѽ~
֪ʹˣմʱĺ𣿡ֽӻУһˮҵĹôһôʹˣȲ˵˭һˣδùǣһǿ׳ƻģٿ㣬ݵС㡭Ƕ涼ὲһ˿ô죿
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ͷɢ±Ĳӣ۵ţбб¶¡
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ΣҪԣҪ˯
͸ѾˣҲвС¯࣬ʢЩʣһ˳Щӣϴ󣬼ʰһЩϴ˯

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ǰ˵ؾʲôؾ
ʾһ񣬴·ʤߴߴ硣
֣
ѧѧã˯Ũأ૵ҼҵģҪܣϷҪ֪ˣҪվǽǡûãﲻ˹Ҳܲ˹ܲʲô¡

ֵԽԽͣھ

һƬ̣΢𣬷̧ͷ˯ţȴüͷ壬磬һֻֻԵĲʱһ£ʺ󱳣Сʱ˯㡣ֻС
괺գʱʮһˣٹ꣬ĴˡȻ꣬˯ѣ²֪ʱ⣬·𶼾ֹˣˡ󣬼ͣˤǰ꣬ԼҲԼƺǸС
ȴҪ㳤

һϦ֮䣬ʵ췭ظͬõȻȴѹʱ䶼ûУŵ룬æڳҩ棬
񣬸Ҫȥϲˡ
䰲οֳɽǰ·ʵʮ㯡Դ뿪ݣһƬƼؼƮǰ;δ
ʧȥĸıӻ֮һǴ

ʿźİգǰĻӣͷŮӻ˫ȫıһѧոǿһϻս䶷Ƕ£մȫʤֳƿ죬졣
ҲԲĬĬ롣
Ҳǿ󣬶Բ
һĸ̻壬úûţúӣ澳ҪʵĻȥ

СЩ¡ȴδ¹һѩ
ջѩ
˵ѩ׷꣬һȻԤУĳѩҪˡѩǸͷϲ֮£֪Ǹĵطǲˡ
ֻϴЩڴ˯

ڶһ磬ݹ˱ˡ





3.  븮   

˯
ͷߵţѾߣֻ̡ʵڡԼŮձֱܴ裬ȴܡǰӡ湦ص˼ͷ
˷Ը㣬վʹϡѾߵ
ʴ£ϴǰȥݱ˫ס

ԶɽҲڣ˶һȺʡ
ߴ׳ʵüʱҲǱã˵꣬󸹱㣬룬˫۸ףĿ񣬴Զ׼Ĳ־Ѷ֮ɫ

ϴμԶɽϡǽ֮ʡӻʼĴҲָƺҲɣʲŲʣĲŲȴָ˲ͬ
żһʣд˵ĸͣƬ̣㯻̾ϢĴҴ뿪
Ȼʧͺ棬ϰߡʱ㾲ţߣʱߣӲ׷ʺ

˿̡
ִ֣ӯӯ
ԶɽһɫмֲȻȥ˹Ҫأǣǣ˲档
עŸףŮסˡ

˲ִ׼ЩԴЩϣԵݹ꣬ѩ׵˫γȪת븸Ŀԣ΢΢۽ǣһĨ͵΢Ц
Զɽɫһϲֹ֮ŮǺԹԼڴĿ⾹ЩֱӣɲǼӿͷվȥʣִӻͳһֻǮ
ЩţԱʱ֮衣ڹһʲô£Ż
Ǯδ˵
ߣʲô££Σ˹ؼЩ˵Ҫзִ磬ЩβҪЦҲ۲Ҫʱ̼סԼݡĪ
¶ţЩ̫ȴɫһ䡣
ȥɡ

һһִżѾС˾šʵ˳æӭȥ
õˡЦݺѵǹĸߵܹ֣λͬѰǲˣҲҵ
ָһЦʹɣλ˶˴Ҫͷʹˡ
ֻҪܰӣĸĵԸӼ࣬տ
ֺѼ䣬Ҫˡ

࣬밲ͳֻСǰӹϰᡣ
վ£ĸ
úΪԹһĸУ㶣ָһʼͷΪ죬ߵܽΣԶˡ
ʱͷ죬ֻ˵强̬ܣδע⵽״һֻ
ǻҧгݣ֮һ˲϶ݺݵ飬ʲһΪǰúõģԼһһоƿеȻһȴȻк·޷Ƶĺ⡣

ʲʣ밲ڡʻ롣
ʮƿ泵ʻˡ
鲮ǰһˣƽôãδϾΨһѪڣ֮뿪֮ʣİأһʮָӵС
нԶӰģʺֲһָоһȥ·Զٻˡ

ڿʣ̿ůˡ
ʲѷ֣мѾϻٶŵ㽹ɫȻȴº񣬷ֺԼ̬ʿţСˮʺȣ·ʱ˺ʳʹ硣
Թ֮󣬳򷽿ӱޣ

ˡ
ݹλʳĽϣۡռС֣ȿţֻߴĺʯʨ۾ſڣ϶עء
³һ̤Ϲؽ磬ҴһƳ

ˡ
ſڻܹżȴæӭȥ
ף

ˣʵ
ʦǶѵֻܹܴˣǲʹüΡ

˵䣬кȻƮһϣһ⡣̧ͷʱ
ѩ
ϸѩȻССëϢ˼䡣˷
ʲ֣סһƬѩѩļڻȴɾϲȻú

ϲѩЦʱ򣬴´ˣգˣкÿ
ʵͷ֪ʱҪɲϲù󣬱㲻棬ǻܹܽĸȥ

ҹ֪ʱ¹꣬˿ѩ·ʪʽմĶ࣬Բ߲죬һأɻܹܱ첽ǰС
˳ӵſڻܹܼͷñסüۣĿⷶΧ֮ڣֻʮִ󣬽һһ·ɼ̨ͤ¥鿣ɽʯǶȴвٳֲдУʻһԲֲ֪ҶƬ̵ۣ֦ͷʺСӣʮƯ
ֻ˰ΣȴټӰټĹޱȣ֮⡣

ˣ
ȻһŲ
ܹͣ£ʡ̧ۣһ˴ҴҳԼ

ӵŵͷһòˣŻӺݣȴ̬㲣ƤףݹݷˣλŮӾΪŮ죬֮ģ
ˣ
ݷʣʵ
ǡܹܴ
ǰæҪȴݷһס
ݷ΢΢ʣʰƴӲ޵ĺɫñУʤѩﺬźЩ΢΢ݷ˶ӡݷʼḧһգɶˣù˴Ҫ鷳ˡ
ݷ˳ֵһ˲ȫһݷֹһɪ㿪ȻƬ̺ݷ˲Ҫݷ˵Щȴʮ͡
һעݷˡ
˲ͬ롣

һԺڣһ̳̳һɫֽңѬȼգơ
һֳַͷڣдʣżСʿ
ȴһһĵϷֳַ飬ʮСзţϣ۴Ŀбġ

ʵһοһ壬䲻̫ȴҲǰ˾Щ졣̧ͷ֣ҡͷʾҪҶ

ţȱͽڣ£ϷСΧһȦϥ
ںУްӷ𡭡塭
ʣ
Ϸɽһ󣬷ĳ˺üȦ

κʱԺУڷ̳ǰͷ裬СʿΧʲתȦ
ڵʿ๾ཡ
ʣ
һװһСϵʲϣš

Ǻϼз֮飬е֮ίʵ졣Ȼݸˣȴɫأڴ·ϣѹϡһֱʻЦвʱ˵ľٶ棬ʼȴɣʮϡ

ϣʱӵţһƧԺ䡣
֮




4.     ʷ͵;

һԺ䣬ǽߣԺ΢죬ԺйһҶ֡
˴ľ˯ҽʦ飬صشɨʰһƧ֮أ

ɰǣţſڣ˺ͣ½Ųפ㲻ǰʻͷɻһۡ
ݷǰһᰴʼϣùһаˡ
Ա϶԰΢һͷʾ⡣
ֱǣʣ˼һֱǰٶͣ¡ǰʱֱ㽫ֽеһԣ֪ˣ԰֪˵ǺδҪ

ݹͷȥɣЩӱúݹӣԸݹʵ
ţȻ˰ֻ֮⣬ɴ۾
أһ𣿡
ֶʣ˹֮⣬˶ڷСһסͷŹÿջһع
ҲҪ˲伱ˣ¶šСδһ˹صǺֻలһˣȴӰ룬䵥
ȴҪһȫİķУһδı棬ȫİˡ

ּ꣡꣡æѹʾС˵˵ϲӵģ£޷
ҡͷȴĸ첲΢ɲҡҡͷдſ
һԺˣȫŶصĿ
ʶԳϲӾ˽⣬Զ׼ѡٶ˵ǽаΪѶѡ
ʰˡ
Ļ𣿡ʡ
ᣡᣡ˿ǷˣʦдǶɵġʲôʱƭ㣿Ī£Ժ˺ţʲô±㾡ܽǡĪ°
Ŵһס֣ϲ˲䣬·ȡЩɿ֣ᣬһͷĿż̤С
ԹԵİֻӻ֣ʾȥɣˡ

ʸһڣſŮϷţűպϣһ졣ӰʧŲ󣬷׷ȥ
Ƭ̺һƬףš
ʶֻʣԼһˣվſڣҴһͷһƳֻⷿʮֿտһ֮ͷͷһš
Ǿͷǽڴһ󴲣أһ޳Ӱʣһ

ɲӿͷʻͷķš
£
̴ӦİŮ
ס⣬𣿡
˺ֶ뿪£
һʱû˵˻¡
Ůһ٣·룬΢΢Ī£Ǻˡƾ⻰ףæת˿ڣԺдҹֵ¾ɷԸ￴űߣһɫϸһͷ
תͷ濴һֳ˳㴫⾲Ժʮö
ˡŮ磬ؾˣȵС˯һʳ𡣡

Ů뿪űߣֻûصڣȴߣƬ̣̲סٶŽˡ
ŮˣԾЩʵõݵİȴֶܼãֽˣ˷üΣŮÿζʱǰǲǰ̫ãֻʼ˵䣬ȴһֱϸûκβͷ
һ˵УŮź͹ůֵҵķ
֮ûˡ

תУȴɲߵ̫Ҳͷĥߵǰϵӣ
µͻͷǻһʱȥһƬž̲סҭҭĿ
ĸ֡ء
㲻СްĸСӣЦЦޱޣʱһС±ϼ޹ӲǺ޻Թĸ뿪ݣҪ޵ʱ̫ˣ밲Լһǰޣͬʱޣһ˿ʱһס

һˣ㶼ع˼ɣʿſţȴӿȷʵ磬һڡһ齣̸Ǳ죬˯áȻȴǴԶʲҹȥ
ֻſϣۣС˯һ
ȴΡ
ĿӣУãȻĹˣżʱȻŨɢճĸףϤüۣʡ
ĸ
ʾϲ׷ȥ
ĸȴҡҡͷʾĪ׷̶¶Цݡ

Ȼ
ĸ
۾ܣ׵һΡȴһʱܻ
ûεĸˡĸߺΨΣǱ˵ξһ뿪ݣ̤ϻؾ֮·ǰҹһ˱ѣĴһĸڿޣݺᣬޱȡ
һΣȴЦ
Ϥ˼Цݣο

ʵȻҲ֮᲻١
ʱʳ֮ʡ
ŮʳУŽһ˲꣬һšӣʲ֡
Ŀתϲȡ
ֻǼҳˣȻȴʳ󶯡鲮ʳһ㣬ֵʱЩиˡδһڶƷʢķˡ

۷Ź⣬Ŭ̬Һ
á
æסŮʵأ˳ԵģԵʲô
ŮԵ˽ڲжයȻһ˫ȴ۰ͰţССʱ֮ʣȴͳԺȣҲʵѵáŮ˵ģһĲʽıɡ
ʷ
ŮţһǰʼԷ
һش䣬嵭Ϊ䲻ζʽȴԶԣ㹻ʢΣٷԵ㣬Լȥϴ֣ŷ
Ա֮֮иҲЩе㺦£ȴǰǰ֣̿ʼ˼ܡ

һĶĴ󷿡ԭȵĸȫı䣬䷿ͨһ㹻տͨ͸Ŀռ䣬ûԷ֣֮汣һС鷿óһԡ䷿ֻ±ҪƷʣ̨齵ȣ˽
ŵů紺鷿ͷһСͨ͸
͸뿪Ĵɼ׵գϸѩ

ð֣ڷȥһͷѲµ̵С鷿ԡҶˣĿͶͷŷ·ֹ˵Ĵ󴲡

Ȼţ㲻ˡֻǻ˯ţͬ˲ࡣ

һһǴϡأڱߣֻԼɼһѩɫȴ谵ѵŵơ
һյƣվǰ֣Сÿʣһ̣ﶸȻֱ
ͷһʲôˣ
ǰĴԺＷһţ緢ͣɷֻòɭ壿

һ΢紵ƻһסʵĺס
һ-
ۡ
ʷ͵;
ůɫӳճݡһſޱȵףܴŲ˫۽գ԰ȴɿɼٷ̰㣬ɫӳ£⻪תͬһϾ

ǰ˵˽£ڿŮʫ˵˵࣬ȴʱһ䶼벻ڻϿļǰˣǻˣ˵ķ˾ף֮
Բԣʣ˲ɲǽյ˫ʱֽĹ⻪

ǵһʵһȴɱ飬ͬɲʵڽһʱ󲻳
ٿֲʱȴԣĿ˯в
ʣĿ־Ȼɢʷƣſڴǰ°ͣ䡣
ֻ˵ĺÿĶĶÿ






5.     ò

ʿãЩΪѩϲ֮˲ޣܻ
ţջˮ
˰죬뵽һʡ

̣ҹ罵٣ŮЩʳǰֻֽһಢСˣʳԹŮԡϴЪϢ
ûаߣְ·´վ̫ϰߣһҹ˯Ĳ̫ȣȥܼǹͷһˣʱһۡ
ʼնڣʼϢ

գʱѡ
Σﲻعܣ˯ɡŮһʾʲؾš
Ӱǰ߹
̽Դ¶˫ĿǼ˵䴲ǰִǰ鿴䡣м̫ҽٷȴѰΡ
Ƭ̺ϣϾһɫ̾Ϣҡҡͷ
಻ය꣬뿪
æԴ˼飬
ܲ

֣
ʳʱֳŮʶʱ˼ϲ֡
꣬꣬С㡣ȴʮֽܹһһжע⣬´ѧŮֹš
ֵǰ£û뵽ôܿ֡Ůú÷ʳһͷ˳ȥ

Ű֣ϲһӻҪ˵ȴ˶ˣڣ𣿡
ֻܴһ˵˵ֵ
ҲµˣûʧֻͣʣסԹ𣿳ԵʲôгԱǶ𣿡
Եĺã˯ĺãסĺãһжáʵıӣЦӴҵĹң㣬տпޣɳԱ˯ã
ָȻһ£һ˺ܶ࣡

ʢ̺ʳ緹̲ס̧ۣоͷ֮Ǵ֮У޳Ϣˣпտůˣȴ֪ʱʱɱʬ壬ǳ簲֣˾ҲЩëȻ
㡭²£ֵʡ

ʳԵ㣬ʳǺһֻѼСˡͷ֥飬ִ࣬˶ʵİܲһСܾݴаװ̣ðʳָ󶯡ѼƵ̡ͣ
¡ҧһڱһ㵰ơ
ȷʵѾˣ෴Եĺ˯ĺãпԿֱõĲء

⼸վЩעλһϽˡָһָͷ磬Σе㡣
ͣ
ʲô
Ϊ룬ݷһҹδ˯ڷùޣ̫ҽ꣬ݷʹ˹ȥֻ£λĲˡ
ͷư֣зʳЩ㡣
ԣ࿴ŵ㡣һн⣬桭ϽˣմȾϢ

ʳ󣬰ֱ뿪Ҫֻõˡ
ֻһˣ¿ɸɣľȫ졣־ѳɢƬʧȥɵеһ־Υɡ
ڲʱէʱ⵽ЦЦЦ´硣ðĬԣʱܲ򲻿ڣΨҹ˾˽ʱ밲żż˽
СԺסʱʲôҲ˵ʲôҲ߲ˣȴʱʱֱ˿֮У·˶ڰʱһһԤץ
ָоڡ
ܻΧʮ˼ܣˡһˣȴͬˣڡ

Сѩһһҹס֦ͷשߣؼһƬס
վڰ뿪Ĵǰ˻ѩֻصǰſŷһڷȥػأĬĬ鷿ԡٲӷŵǽڴٲ
վСԣ鶯ã˿ġ
ڲʱҲʮģվаߣ˵˵ɵԺתת

ʱ֣λƵĻεǴǰƬ̣ʣ̽ͷ䡣
ղ£ɺÿ
ֻǿȥƺɫӲ԰סյ˫Ѫɫס
Ҫ
ţһ̣ȻʶһʵᣬҪô
С񴦾ѣȴɶδ㽣Աʳȥĸ˵ɽһҪһ֮Ȼķ顭ôᣬδ֮¡
ݷˣ̶һ棬ȴʸеУݷƣºͶ㲵˫ĸ

Ȼʣûһ㣬ʴʱ˿̣ĵϣ
Ϊʲôأ

һյ˫·ǳǳɫޣܲ죬·һ˯ѵĵ
˵
ʴ䣬Ȼ뵽Լ˯ʱЩʱա
ʱҲһ˯²֪ʵȴܸ֪硣ߣнŲȥȥ̾Ϣ
˵ûˣȥɣα˷Ǯơ
ĸһѣһ˭Ҳ
ĸҹ߲ʱɶҵɶؼˡ
ǳ˯ĺڰͬһµԮʱʱɫûÿһأĸסػشأؼ

ڴϣĸ첲¶ڱϣָָȻָڰ޳ȴԱ
ι˵𣿡
СС˵̶ŵĶݡ
ţ˵𣿡

Ǹҽʣʵʡ
ѽ
𣿡
֪֣Ƚòã

һ·
ʽԽԽ磬վۣ̺ϣ˫ۼڴ࣬һֳ°ͣ

ĳϲӣΪġ
ţҲ󲡹ˡ˵Ѳк󸣣ӦиģţȻڻе㲡ᣬ˵һ򲻴
˷һ롣ģ𣿡

˵ĿˣʱȥȵˮЩ㣬ʳСһǰ
ԭͣ˵Ǽ£ʼֱڸ⻹С£˼˵ݡ
ʽʾ֭Ŭ䳡ͣЪ

𣿿ʲʣ벻ԶˮŶǸոոιˡǺö
ҽҲ˺ö²ʲô
²ɡɣǡ
ζпɣⲻãԲһ򡭡
ĸ㣬ĸóӴ
ţԳԿ֪ˡ
ƭС

ѩˣȫˡ
ϲѩ𣿻ѩ𣿡

ʱ֣Ůƣſڴǰʮֲ졣ʼֱ壬˫
һͣʮƣۡ۾˸Ƿ

Ůˣձ죬д꣬Щ˯ɡ
ˣ
ͷ֪ʱѩͣˣȻƹĺɫһƬ谵Юһɷ¥֮ơ

Ůߺȥǰ˻죬òװɡ
´סֲ֡ڡ
磬²£
£ңңұ㡭
Уҿ±㣬¡
磬òã

磬ȴվˣҡҷ˰أԴһһ㣬ȥ峹׷ſ˯ˡ
һֻʶڱϣָָᴥ
ָȻһ






6.     

ĿӣطһһƬ硣
Ũ֮Уڰգ񣬱ͦ棬˫Ŀգһǣľżǣ֫ǰƮǰ޾İڰ
ţһƬžƤ΢дЩʶ

Ȼ֮䣬ԼԼʱʱԶɵתŨϡš
ҽСǡϲ
㡭ԡҡԡ
ѳ˯ãüͷű˳ѵķꡣ
˴󵨣徻
Ҫ˴ͷ

ȴ֮ͣ⣬ԽԽ
磬㡭
䶸ȻһƤ类شɲǼԼ˭Լ¡

ǰЩʱգɣ;Уͻ꣬·߲ݱ꣬һյ裬ͣߡ岻ʣֻΪ˺˭֪ʱȴͻݻԣԴ
˯֮ѣߺ˽̸㶼һȻʱƣЩȴңԶģһգƧԺ˻رܣԶȥһƬصأ

ž֮У˼磬𽥳١
κ۲ڲԣֻܲһձһաء
츳ˣ˼ɣҪְƽƿ֮Уվһ裬Ҫ˲ڴ齣̡
壬Ȼֽ类˽ɢһһգվѵҩʴʶɢ˯
Ũ֮󣬷·һУޱߺڰ

Ȼȴ·һչ⣬͸ʣ֮ϡ
ٿȻʶʲôסâ

ġѡʼԽԽ󣬸ǿ䡣
ǵͣ£಻Խ
ϲƽգ룬˿ȴ

ϲʲôأϲ嵭ζأ
ϲ
֡Ͷĸ˵ҡÿζ̲סˮ
ϲѩ𣿡
ѩˡƯ
ֻèСûСèã

Ǻˣ
šüǸС˼룬ľԣ֮࣬ƽһֱֱ
ת̴ɫ

гпչսʱʱԶͷ󺹣ƣÿÿߣҪ˯ʱ֮㼰ʱס
ʼδʧżͣЪƬ̺

ƺϡɼ⡣
ɺãĸ۾ˡ
䣬Ϊģ

һȥνʹ߿죬δһн֮һ桭
Ƭ̺  غȻ𵴣ͷ¡¡죬Ҫͻʣ  пǻҺ¡
㾡һͷ­֣ץסһĨ⣬ʱ֣ƴһӣһ죬оŨɫǵ¡

ٿȻۣȻ

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ͷ裬µյѲݲУϨˡŴĿ磬Ҫ˺񷣬ݻֱľս

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СһҡҷӰأƽɭֲ֮⡣
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Һ¡

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ʱȥһŰ£ͷɢҴϢһʱ̣һը׺Ȼըһ磬ӳճ԰ݣѪɫ˫ĿԲ

ɲǼȫëһУ룬ȴ̫ã˫ŷ飬һǰȥԵǡϡ

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ʵײײſڣʹţڸסӦűϸƴһһ֮ţɳĮе壬ϣ

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վűߣϮһ飬뷿У죬һͷסſԺֵ˱澪һ֮£һ𾪣ϲȴóȻ
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ſ̫䣬վվͷ졣

ݷŵ£ֻһһŮţĲȣ̤Сһۼ֮ˣʱЩιȥ
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ﲻÿߣһţԶϲϿ
챣ӣˡ

俿ڴͷؿ΢΢ѵĶ̶Ƭ̣ѴƣжݵãȻɢָ
䲻Тĸ׵ˡ
俪ڵĿĸϣӹ׾죬΢΢ʾ⡣
ãá
ݷϲ˵ҲӲۣᡣ

վűߣʱ˿̣עϣϾ˼Ծɲסһ򾪻δһ䡣
ϤŲæ̽ͷһֳɡ̤ˮ
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̲סһ˳ȥһ§ס뾪æ꣬꣬С㡣
һȴݽš
۽΢̧ۣĿԽˣſڡ
ʻͷ˲ʱ䣬Ŀԡ






7.  ع   գ

ǽǶһһξ룬ˣңңһȫȻɫδջĿ⡣
§סʣվͷܿǿ磬ʾСĵĺͷû뵽侹ˡ

˲δ̫עʣʱһԵȺĴǰݷ˷ӦæóطᣬôΡ

俿ڴͷѩ׵΢¶һСǣ΢üžòԴ֮еɫĿȴʮεĴϡ
Ͷҽʵҵ俪ڵ
ʥ׿ڷԸΪݴΣʵ˺ĳҡ̫ҽæֻǺĳܣδݴ˿ܲʹĥաڣ챣ӣݴ˼࣬ˡ
΢һףݲ
̫ҽƬ̺ջؼָվһ࣬һ룬λһһǰԸҽϡ
ĿһӶ

˾󣬵һԺ飬ý޼ɺҽϸ˵
ݴ֮֮ǰƽ˲֮ס
ݷ˵һظһ
ҽһͬҩԽǴ˿ԽɵģֽݴѪ΢ͣݲɺķѹ˵ٶԾԾΪԱϣһݷˡ
ݷ˻⣬ûвӦĵǣҽ֮⼸ɻرܣš׾׷׵ͷӦǡ

ҽͷҪ߿ȥҩȴȻڵ뾲֮ɺҽ
Ҳҽݴ˳֮ʱ̫ҽλ̫ҽǰΣ⾲֮кβף

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ҽֵĳݴ˲գ岡ȴһֱδȨ֮£ĳ뼸λͬΪ뾲Ϊ֮ߡݴ˿Ǿô˷ʣвʲ֮ݴʵ֪ҵȺö֢ҩá
ϲ޲ףáҽ

ҽһ֣һҩݷǰϸϸݣٷĶ԰۲ѣᣬģݳﲻԵʲôȵʲôĸȥ
˱ۣθڡĸײز͡
ݷ˼ݾ뵡򽻴ǧ˿ҲֻסæЪϢȲ㣬Щԡ
׾׷Ӧͣú̽
ˣݷ˻Ҫһҩֱ뿪ſڣʣһ㵣ⷿлһ˶
ֿʣæݷߣݷ֮ȻҲʡ

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΢һ£ܿܿˣ˼ʵಢδԼ䣬Ȼȴ޲࣬Ҿǣ̽ȴԶԶվţСĴǣɫСݷˣȴĸ֮˵̿ɫкĨС
ټٲȻһ֮

䣬λҹĸΪĳϲӡݷһָʣֵġ
ἰʣæԶԶĸһ
Ůˮ˰뱭Ƥδ̧̲һ

ݷ˴Լ飬һ֪̾ϲЩʵûа취ˣ̫ҽҽܷõĳҽĶˣ㶼޲ߡ֮£²ߡ˵Ҳ˯࣬Ѽһն࣬ˡ
鵭Ȼÿɷ
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ݷ˻Ȼֹ̧һۣ֪Īĸ̱֪²δԣڳԼĸ档
ݷֻõˣաްȺҩɡ
Աϣʾ⣬ֱ߹ȥ밲뿪

һֱ±֪һͬȥͷʯ¡æǣŰ֣ߵߵߣͷȴҲ˲ˡ
ȹˮ촽Ʋ̧ͷ⣬üͷɼһ

ˮˮЬȹҵʪ͸΢΢һ밲ӷУȴ̺
ԺĶ࣬˴ʼ棬ԽʱڴˡСԺ벮ƫԺСȴֽȻͬԺľϡȴݵڸɾ࣬ȸСȫһӦճƷλɢ͹
ݽһͭ裬ͷ˸˯ǰ̿ҹԾɿɼůˡ

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ϱʵ̴Űȵ£ʹӣվˡ
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ЦԷǣԶԶһƳڲУɼݹòɫǳһ˲ɱ⡣ȴʱȡ
⻰ɲ˵̫ʧˡ
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ʲ˵Ѿ˵ˣǵ䱾˵档ʱ·ͻȻѿڶλܹ˼ʧôʱ׹էȻѣû

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ڣ϶£񣬵׼ҷΣº̬֮֮ѿɿߡƾһ㣬Զʤ鲮

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ҹżڣĲС
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ѱѣӴ۾˯ʣŮæһʴ󣬼š

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Ժһѹǰ沽ļٵŮӰֿ֡
ҡҡͷʾʡȻԼͷȴڲֹͣԽԽɡ𼸸ʱǰ䣬俴мȴ̸ôһȻֲˣ
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ƶǶͷ

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ݷ˫ۺף㲣ż־ȴͣʵúӣٰһء
˿Σݵ飬Աϣʾʽȥʻͷ˰һۣĿһʱ·ϵС

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ڳԵƽ԰ףŻѪ촽ȴʮֺ󣬷·˰ʻѪĴѩγԱȣС
ι
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8.     ϳȥ

ڳԵƽ԰ףŻѪ촽ȴʮֺ󣬷·˰ʻѪĴѩγԱȣС
ι
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㻹˯ʱһ㡣ŵס

ʵδ˵仰˵ȴɽ⣬ɽӽӡ

ϣݷ˺ĺá
˵Żʳָ̽ǰСĺһ˲䣬䶸Ȼۣ㣬һֿס󣬺ݺһƣһ˲ֶסʲӡ
ʣ
һз̫죬ָ޳ӥצץסƴ´򣬽ͻʢ־壬ӳݡ

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ڵأҿԣŲӣĵ䣬ϻʱҪ㤡
΢΢Ϣȫѣ˱ۣɱȻʡ
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һۿһƿӣ߹ȥһѱ𣬼Ҹ£ߵſڣһţޱ
ɵʱȴ̷ӦսսקǺ

֮쳹Ժ䡣

һĻַ֣׷׸վһء̲ס֣½ֹһƣΣһæڳһʿΡ

ͷϢĿƣעźҽ
ݴƽ˳ǿ֮סҽ
ҹҽҲ˵ݷ˶źҽ̬ɱ񣬻ȴôοɶ׼ˣɻŻѪٳ⣿
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ʵ˷ŻѪ˯ҽ˱ݷ˸ΪǷΪ俴ҽ˲ͣҽãΪ˰ݸ˵ʹȥһԴڲϻλơ
ٶȻԣһ亹Լͬ뵽ع֮ⷵףֻ˵ڲۣѹˣ·ͷʯعܻⷵܲΡȷ仰˵ȴмְˡ

ݷ̲ģǡ
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ҽæ㵽һоҩã򲻿ٳһ

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ݷ˲ܺ£ݡ
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һỺƽͣȴ๣ݷʱֹסͷ֪£ñ棬ֻõ˰ˣĪ̫á
΢ס
ݷĿ΢ʾǷҪǲˡ
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˾Ավһվǰյء

ˡ
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ǿ׳̴ӣסӣԺڣԺа곤ɰ£֧һʣ׳ʵСˣһߣֵȰ塣

žžž˷

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û˵ȶ٣㲻ͣһֱȥ

ѻȸţȰϣ۶ֻ֮ͷ顣
䲻һԣɫɲ԰ףüĿ伸ƣ룬Դ齣̬ɢȻĿȴΪ֮ƣһʵԵѹȣǲϴĻֱһͷ

СһȻܲסɸ㶶ֳһҲܣ˿ͷСһʱģ빫ӿСֵźӼ꣬СĵܵһСȫ˵
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һ˼꣬Ҳˡҧˣźá

Сסֵܶˣ˲ǿӲ˳ȥ
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ֵܿб£ŴֻܷصƽУ֮Ϊҡ

Ų࣬ѱιϱɴ˿ȴȫоʹȫĿ̣֮ܵ޴
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9.     ׼׼ޡ

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ԱϣһģͷѪ

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ܰǰµİߣǽշΣǳѡģƣ

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Сһꡣ

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ݸ˶˽ԼƢֶΣֳĦȴͷһء֮˽ǸūͣⲻԶλﻹãһ˽Աסɫɷףɡ

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Ҳû׷׸ǣ˸ɸɾ

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һϸʱûоܾأһӣ޿ɲء
æǫӦõӦõġ

ݷȷᣬ糥Ըٳţַܿţ뿪ˡ
һߣȻಽ͵ſڣĿŰȥ

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һĬۣЪϢһ΢ͣȴָЩգõްˡһ٣ȹˡ

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ʻһģһ̬վűߣ㡣俴ЩŮϽ⣬Ӷͻˡ


˼£ɵ̫ˣһأЩͷĿѣĿƬ̣վ
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ҪʲôҪɱҪ򣿲˵ɱ޹޹һˡΪϳȥ
һʱ˼ҷɣ߰ţŵĿҪȥˣסȴ޿ˣֱҪȥˡ

ߵǰ¡С¯Ųˮ˱ˮ͵ߣĺȡ
֮࣬һ
Ƽüͷ΢΢һĵסֻٱȥҪʹȥˡ

ɱ㣬㡣ȻڵδʣȴǶ˵ģ̲¶ȣȴ·µʵ˼ֻҪһ⡣
Ծɵɵ̫ã⡣
Ƥ΢̧ĩˣּһ䣬
Ҳޡ






10.     ˼ǣ

һ¡˵⻰ٿȻо͵֮һɣǰֿ֪־漴ûôǿˡ·ɱ¾֮ܿһĳŵͬɿһ˵㶨
ⲻ֪֮
ϲŭļơһ˿־壬£ǿģˣǡֵĴﵽЧǣȴֱָģƿȫ֡

˵꣬㲻ʣˮԻص¡
ʷЩȴҲδȫɣϵɱ¾֮ȻʧȴλߵĲŭվűãʵˣһ˯̲סţߡ

عţǰգڵȥȴǲˣֻôš
ǰЩȤһҲסȻһĥ࣬Ļήһ͵סȵС

䣬һһ˯Ҳల¡žƽϢ

ʳ
Ҳˣʳ嵭ࡣԾĵزΪһܲһϡ
ʿʳʱֿࡣûʲôһʳܽģһ벻УǾ롣
ʱ롣
ǰֻһ࣬ˮ羵ӳӡ
ֻһӣȻͬʳЩС磬ΪҲôˡ˵ֻҪֵģùܡ˵Ҳ

δʳвӦڣԲˣ¿ӣʰߡ
ʰľ׽ʳ΢ģһֻʳСĵ˷ѡ
СɲʳʳؾĺϰߣܳԶٱԶ٣ʳ಻˷ʳÿշ͵ʳʽ˳Եĸɸɾķꡣ
Ůϰߣֲ֣ߡ
ҵһμֳԷü

󲻾ãŮٴν룬Ķȴʱһǻ
Ũڵҩ֭ɢſµԶԶ֮Ż
Բ󣬲֪ȹٸָҩһֱûв˰ɡÿκҩֱ̡ͬ

һһСֻҩ룬ַǰ
ҲҪ𣿡Ĵҡ
Ůأص̫ҽҩѪ֮á
ðɡ
𣿡ֻʡ
еġŮæȥȡһǹ
һ룬һţŵ룬䣬˼ǣġ

Ǳ飬ЦЦǺʸһۣᡣ
ҩ΢ͷᴵڣ·裬漴΢һﲱһһҩʼգ鲻һ˿仯
ʼֱĿ࣬һοҩȵƵᣬƽݣƵ֮ˡ
ѵҩࣿ
ɻͷ촽΢һ㣬һ򡭡ͺܿడˡɲòȣջǱۣһҹȥ
ÿÿ࡭
ʹڣϽУٿ䣬̬ݣĺ˿ˮ³
̫ˡʼҪ֮ˡ

ȹҩ¿
Դ̫ã侫񲻼ãȴţǰһֳڶͷĿ
ʺǣҲš
С˯ϰߣ˿̱㷸ʳټҩЧãӿ
۰ͰͿ˯齡䵽˯£Ҳ¡ţôһİǰţʵΪס
Ƕõġ

Ŭĳš
ʾǳʽݻδͣǵϣż΢΢գһһΣŻţ㾲ˣһ٣·
Ҫ˯Ҫ˯
һֳס°ͣŬۣȻƤԽԽأʶƮԶԶʮǧ֮⣬䵽ȻƶϣƮƮȻ

Ȼʸоֱһصһ°һģһɲܵҪȣȴҵ̫١ֻһᣬѵһ£ˤڵء
ʻ̻Ȼ˫ĿԲԺ֪¡
֪ʹ
һ̧ͷײĿ⡣۾£˿ȴȻ⣬ȻҲǰһĻסˡ

ɲǼ׷˺£һʱ䣬һЩ뻰׷ӿС
ִ˫ֲԾ߬ȭͷ۴
Ҳۣ
ûޣ






11.  ҹ   û˯ţ

ʵ̫ˡ
֮߳ĵġʴ˿̺޲طȥĹһӴ˯Ҳˣ˯Ĺ˵ϡǣ᲻˾óһŭ֮£ϳȥ
߬ȭͨ죬һˮ޴Ŀ䡣

࿴ʣһʱԡ
һз̫ͻȻ죬ʱѾڵˡԮ֣ҵû룬һʱûޣѸ𣬺仰
еȻ뾪ɢһ̿

ȭڴߣһڵû£
أԽţҡҡͷеʹȴһʱ֪
Ŀʶϣ˵һӦͷϷ죬ԿĵıȽأŮҼۣô̶Ƭ̣ȻһƬɫ
Ŀ£ʱһվʡ
һţ֪ˣȴץסָ޳ָȴů紺ķУůļϣ֮С
˳Ŀ⿴ȥʱһ
Ѫˣ
УһĨɺ졣
ʱҲڸоʹԴڴ˴ˡ

ûʹʡ
ҡҡͷϴЩãȻ
Լһָɿƿһ°΢̧ʾԼơ
첲̧̧ȣֲ˼ŤŤҡҡͷ
񡭡ûˡ
¿һۣĿ棬Ҳû˴һָȥãҪԱϣٲǰһ٣ޱסɲǶ

ŮԭΪʽˣһվһķԸǴ󾪡
̫ҽ
ŮһֻΪﲻˣʶδʣת㼱Ҵҷһˡ

Ƭ̣ҽһҽʿ۽ûͷûԵĳԺУɫٴС
ݴˣ⣿
ǰһָϣָߵ棬ҡ
ѭĿ⿴ȥ˸˵ʡŪԭ龪һ£һʱЦã־ͷʯ¡ٿʣȴֲɻ˺ö˶ڷУˣǵ֮ˣĪڷܲţǰܲһ׮һ

ʾȻţͷһֻСȣһԡ

ް˱׷һ뿪ºҽΪΡ
˴ֻۿɼ
ͷĵĽأһСһƬѪĸҩ䵽ǣһƤѪ顣ҽȡϷ飬ϣϴ˿ڣҩɴ˳ְʲ»ҩ
ǣƬ̺ʶ϶һԲκɫƤԲκɫҩϾŰɫɴһҩζ˺ۡ

ܹصˡ
һɵˡ
ôôù
ʴ롣

Сˣްﲻصġ⼸ʳˮע˿ڲҪմˮںҩҩձ㵱ȬҽЦ
ллҽʵл
ĳȥˣλúϢҽ֣Ƕȥ

ʼղ˼䡣ȴɫָʵϳȴʼݵľЦ֮⣬Ҳδֳ飬һڣٱȲ裬·𲻹ģ⡣ĮȻ䵭ʾûôˡ

Ůʰ棬Ǵ飬һȾ˵ѪŮ֪;ţæ𣬸ʿʵʦȾѪ𣿡
æϸδ˵ȴˣˡȻѴŮ򵥵ֻƬиƶϳӺζΪζá
ŮΥ֣Ҫߣȴסӡҡ
Ů䡣
Ҳ䣬˷ģġţõġУޡˡ
оЩ֮ƺҲ⣬˵˶٣СݷҪ֪ˣҲᵣѹġȴŰɡѪһͺˡ
ʴŮù飬ǵѪɫϸԭֻˣ㻻һֻϣɲ˼Ȧ
ʴã̧ͷ򴽣¶һЦ
ŮûٷԣʰŹš

ָߵ棬ϸ΢죬һ濴ʡ
ͷһƬɫҩģΪһ˫۾ڰ׷֦ͫͷ͸ʻĺѡԼ¶һĨСֺãڵСģһСڴǰ·СġβϣӦ֮ҡ
ٿģӦаꣿꣿ
˵ýεôСĹϲӡ
뵽Լҿ˿ڣһ˼Ҳ޷ؾΪˡ

ʸϺδʡ
û뵽ڣЩСţæһͦĸЩ鲮ҵСŮ
һ
ԭ鲮ҵġԶɽͬΪ٣Ȼֻ֪һڳǰУһվڶĩˣֱӡУԶɽӹۣɫٷԣȻڡ
˸ϻ鶯ƯŮ

ҽʣʵʡʼôһȴ֪
һԼ⻰ƺӦڻ˯ʱʶ϶ǵȻתڣ£ŽС΢Ƭ̣ǿ͡ݸЩԱԣ˯˯ؾ
ƽ䣬䵭⻰ȴůģٿڴ˵˼̻ˣ΢ɡԹԵͷ۾䡣
ƽｻ֮˽Щ٣ԳӾӶ࣬ǳһҡǰĹ˹һңԶ򵥺֮ٱ޻˵ʸ޻
˶һۣתĿ⡣
һƬס
ȹһյ裬Ŀǰ˿޾⣬ĬĬĬĬ

ţҹĻȻ٣Ƴϣֵ˺ҩԷ֮ʱ
ɴݵ̬ţƷƣһȻüűӣʹ͹ȥ
һһˣ㶼ΪࡣС룬ʺ롣

糤ҹ̣˰˴գƣ룬ϴ㾶ֱ¡Ůʽԡźϴ
ŮᣬСıܿʵ˿ڣʴ˸Ƿ˯
ϺŮСʹһ¡
Ȼۣʲô
ҹտЩӣŮв⣬СֱԵǵĹʲô¡
Ǻ𣿡ʵ俴Ծж磬ȹҩԹ˼Ȼڳ죬ʲô£
ŮǰҹҲźˣ˵˺û˭֪ҹȻˡˣҲ˵ҹΪؼҹƽֲˡԷ˰йҹؾЩע⹫ӣκζؼʱˣûκζҪϽˣ

Ǻԭĺ˯֮ҹ˲֮ҹ
ʮ룬ȴ˯ϣ˫Ŀͭ壬ƴ˯һС˴齵߷Χ
ʰС̽ԴעǴ֮ϡ
ͷϢ
г޴ɻ˯õģҹҲܻᷭأıܡȴԺһֱֹͦͦһ㡣
Ѿ˯
ôһޣ
ʲóȻʣһû£ֻ»ȴַĲ£ʵ̫ˣʳüչȥǾǰȥ߿һۣһ̽һ£ɵ

СŽż⣬ϡϴ̽Ϣ㱻֮óȻӽͣڴǰһߴ
ͷ￴ȴС
磿
СĻ
ͷȻһȴףʶӡԭӦʲ鿴ȴ˸Ŀԣֱ⧲һʱǶһʱ֪˵ʲôˡ
û˯ţֻˣ
ֻһͷһ䡰ҹ˯Ρϳȥ

£
ĩˣȴ˵
ͳҹһ˿΢ƣϲŭ
Ȼ˵û鼱֮һæҡˣˮ㣬Ҫ𣿡
һʱûһƺڷϣ԰׶ѵգ״ʣĬעʣӳĵܵȴϬֻһۣ·ʵСԺС͸
ȥ˯
˵ջĿ⡣
ʶ˵תߣҪִǿˣ
ʣ
ֻתȥǰһˮˮˣ븹Уζʴ˸ѸϣֻͷƤ顣

عž

ݶ룬ʮӣӦûˡϴ鷴峿֮ʱ硭Уɾʹ˷ɵġ
ҹԶ⡭
콫˹ˣؽ־ǡúʲ˻Ĭһ٣ŵӣҪ̽һٶ
û
ʣ
ȻЦĮȻ·𲻴κθ飬ȴãʱ˿̣˵⻰Щһ
˼ǣһȴÿζ׼ȷץסʵСѾĲˣסΨ뱻Ħļϸ֮
ǳ˳ǧۣ氡

ԭĵġˡȻȤʵ˯һ룬££˷ֻҪ峿ˡ
šһε
޿̡
һΡ
˯˯
˯Ҵͷվţ
ھˡ






12.  ѩ   һӻ˭

գѩϰװعʴŮͷʱããһƬ֪ҹϢһҹѩ
˵ѩ׷̺֮꣬ϣʶѩһֻ飬ϲ˵鷿ǰ뿪ĴǰϲǴѩʢ
ҲѩԭȣԶ񾩳ǵأڡ

𴲣߹Ƴһʡ
ѩˡʴҴһͷгϲʾ俴
Ƴһ۴⣬ޱ飬ԡȥϴһҹɫ֮պ֮࣬д棬ȴ˼뾫
Ҳ⣬⼸ദѴԼƢԣ͡ѩ֮£سγǰ¹꣬δˮɳ̶̣ϸı裬£֦ϣӨ͸ۼ
ʿſţȴȻɫ
ʲôʱˣ
Ů˵ӣʣôˣ£
ҡҡͷĬ

Ƭ̺󣬰ˣ֮кҽһУȸʱ㵽ǰ߳Զ밲С˵
һͷúõţͷʯ¡
Ⱥҩһһţȴδп࣬Ĭš
Ĺ˿ǵɼǵýʲôӣ
ʵͷ
ǵãĸļաÿգʻ밲һĸյֽǮϼ㣬ĸ˵˵ڱ˼ңЩ򵥵£ȴˡ
׼ЩʱҸ䣬ϷȥִʶϣС飬Ϸ֪񴦾Բ㡣
СҸĸļͷҺܺá
Ӧǡ

ˣȻʼʮΣĸǰ۰ȴԸĸͷʷվǰŴ⣬ĸȹЩ¡
ĸǰ

ӡĸӲʲôʲôʱһ죬ĻؼңʹӶȥĸȴһЦֻʣСĿɾˣʲôȤ˵
ĸҲٶ˵ǣ
СҪСϲ
ţȥߣȥ򡣡
һ궬죬ѵû˺ѩȥѩƫƫǰЩȣĸ㲻ãĸǲɿڣĸеǿӲĲУ˷ţĸڶ𴲣ſȴһ˸ߵĴѩˣʹӸĸæ˰նġ
ʱ룬ԼֻһجΣĸǱСԺЦп˵Ӵˣ˱Է
Ȼʵ̣ĸȻȥˡ
ĸˡ

һ΢紵ˮۣŴĸЦòĬȻᡣ
һ£վ鷿⣬ʱӰĿһľȤߣϼʴվǰȻΪѩһǱӰ΢΢żѹֵڿޡ
ֿˣ
Ϊ
峿úõģ˸߲ҵкѩţüͷ̫ͨ
ӣǿţԸ˿һվ׼߿ת֮ʱһ죬ֻ̲ɿ̧ĨһתͷʱѴһĨЦݡ
Ҫѩ𣿡

ǿЦ
Ŀʪ˫ӹǰŽգΨ鷿С뿪չӨһ硣ʲ泯ѩ׵أһʱ޻
ʲףչһЦ
ף΢ͷʣЦЦ
Цݽס
ޱޡֵ
ûޣʼռǵϲĲ޵ҪŴ˫Բһ㿴ûޡģ
ⲻ֪һǷۿȴԣڲزסǲɼ΢΢һ飬ת⡣
ʵͷͼɬ˫ۣһգһ½ϣæס
䣺

ƽӴ֮ɫɫҲûǰ޹ģҺˮޣֻ̬ļٿޡǧַǱ첻ޣȻôһŮȴĸм֡
һӻ˭

̨봰һѩ֣£һѡ
˲䱻תĿȥ
ָ޳ǽڷƤ𪣬Ķţѩָ佥£ɹľϸǽϸճ¯Ƕ䡣
Ҫѩ𣿡ʿŵ

ʿѩֿ䣬ϵƲֵȥĿгϲ

Եһüͷ΢΢šţ롣Ҳʲô£Ƭ̺󣬱̨ѩ㲻һɰ֦бǰƴ֦⣬ռϰѩʼ״ææСקס֦¡
ǸʮɫС֣ۿŵһ÷ԸȥѰ֮ڳ򵥣޶òûŮȥ׼뷨ֻڷڷ䵹ﾡá
һʱᣬߵ߶ʾ򣬾Ѱ
ԭֻȤȻȣ÷ˡ£ЩʱҲް

Ƭ̺һָ֣ѩ󹦸ɡ
ˡ
ȴڣȡ¯ݸ䡣Ȳָ֣΢΢죬¯һת̨ν

һСѩվڴ̨ϣźɫ磬ϸľֱ֦һ۲һ΢̧ƬҶɫ˫߱ǣ޵ĺ촽ֻ΢䣬ʱ̣ʽǻ𣬱ɲЦݣ󻹱һѲ֪ὣ
ٲȻé®ȥСꡣ

ÿ޵
ȴ·𲢲̫⣬飬ÿɷܿ뿪ǰ£ָѱů漴¯ˮȡ
һֱѩˣҿ·ôҲ
ϣĸ⣬ûΪѹѩˡ
СѩɽһȪˮ嵭ĸ˼ҲŬԼֱ˵ڱ˸гüͰ˿û˻ϲҲЩʧ񡣸ո̲סᣬǲãٷĸҲԸƼģ

ǰϾ䣬ܾվʱܻһƬ̣ȥ鷿ػأִ˲ƣ
ôϲۼһһ̲סڵ
ţʹͷΣϲϲ
ô
һֳԴеһߵ档
Ǹ𣿡ʡ
͡
ǣԺҽ磬𣿡
һüѾй磬ġ
ס

ʵʱЦˣе磬͸硣
䣺
͸磬лл㡣ʵллСѩˡ
ǡŮ͵ģԲ죬һתƳ鷿̨һѩ꣬Ŀϴת

ȴδעŮֻʡ˫۾ϵĳһɨգЦϣ֮ǰʱֽнǸСֻҪĸһͷ΢Ը⸶رĵ顣
Ŀ˼򵥡һ΢Сѩˣ㹻ֺһա






13.  뿪   Ҫһ

ʵȷܿ֡һֱҹ䡣
ҽ¶ϲɫ䲡ȶްϲٽ˯ȾˡȻȴСѩˣҹ˷磬᲻ᱻֻڻ
ǰ¶ȵͣڻӦᡣ͵ıεˡ

£Ϣƺ˯
ľ飬ʲ۾ãֱҹ룬Ӧˣƿӣ´
š
ɤȻ𣬲죬ȴһըףʲҪгŸϽ£һҶ
һĻ֡
Ƭ̺ʾݶвʣŵھпڡ
͸磬ҾͿһۿ𣿾һۡ
ԣȥ˱վǿһޡ
ʣ
ʵ°ɡ
䵭ᡣ˯
Լ࣬·һֶ˵ȴһƶĸоȻ˵±Ӧ£һ䣬漴ŰЦ׹硣

ҹɫӾ磬ֵҹ̴ӳĴѲת鷿⣬С˴룬æǰ̨Сѩˣδ룬䣬֣شֻС졣

գһ±ȥ鷿ȴֻտҲĴ̨ɢڵϵֽ֦ŵ
ô£
鷿߹ƳһۣʴͷãȻ͸磬ѩˣûˡ
ǴԼ֦ɢķλܿƶϳӦǴϣ̿㣬ѩ˱֮ڻ
δԡ
㲻˵𣿡ʵ˵¶ʧһĨѹ
΢ɫȴȻҲʣȥˮϴ
ʣʴվǴǰֿϣڻɾǰۼޡվһ̾˿ʼʰѩ˵ġк磬彣ֱۣ۾ţȻʲô̧һֽīæ߹ȥ
ҪȥãʲôСܵ鷿ſڣ͸磬һֽʣ𣿡
ԡ⡣
ʱػǰȡֽʣҲ£վߣ䣬ʼĥīƱʡ

Ƭ̺ȹһյ裬鷿ż˳ȥһ
һְֽһñʣֽϡɷߡϸü΢šʮ棬Ǽմһī̲֭Ծ
̧ͷһЦ
̧֣ʳָһ㣬ָָʵıӡ
ʲôɻȥֻаӰСī㣬ôһչȾ˰ͷ
䣺
ڰ֣ʾ¡
ʱ㶥źɫӣЦ컭ˡ

ͷֻֽϻһԲȦһСԲȦСȦм㣬һŤŤͣԲߣ£һϡ
俴˰ΣǿжϳǸʲôæ˰죬ڻֻɹʵڲҲ̶á

֪֮˼һղĺÿֵģ硰¼ٹѩС꣬͸ȴдֻա̾һϧ֪վûˣӦٶ࿴ġǿϧ
ʱ֮ԣȴ·ζϣȴ֮⣬еϧС
СĽǡɣѩ˵Ĳ֫һպá
ޱ飬ڵҪһǡ
ȴЦѾסˡէѩڵʧѹѾûˣˡõĶסõƬ̻㹻ο仹δȬǲҪΪˡ

ҹ˶ʵ˯˸þֻˬɫ֮ոת촽Ѫɫǲʮ֣δ֮ʱ·ҩҽۼҪȪȻһȴָѸ١
̶̼ʣԼ񶼻롣
̫ҽʳҲڿԼ硣
һյ緹һ

ֱԷǰŮϴŮЦ֪ԼȾī֮£ֱ壬ǰָȻʱѿȴɵãȻ֪
ǰǰһδć±·Ҳˡ
ϴȥԷ

ͬԶڣֲþ಻˵һۣʢʺˡ
˵Σ飬ΣӣƣƲȥ㸡ͣΣζ㣬̲Ϊ
䶼úú̲ȴһβ˺ȶ̲࣬ʣʶֻȹһ롣δмԾС³ͷ֪õ㣬ҸǺٷż֥ͣͺˡ
̧ۿǵһμԶˣӲʳܳʲôԵĺӣȴѿɸɾģַ·ʳܶӡݣһ֮˵ıܣ΢˵ӳîԷǷƺĸζ
䱾ֻ˼ڣ֪һ붼ȹˡ

ŮʰϣʲôʱŮţȴֹš
Ůɣӣ⡭
ŮһۣŮ첻ҶԣæŴ򿪡
ֵг¡漴һŲ֪ʱ׫дõֽŽŮЩ
Ůȥ

£ſڸֶΥ磬һ࣬һΡѺȻⲻıأˣֵ·ʱˡ

ص̴Ƿ׷״վԺУʩ񣬵ȺԸȴ޻ĿһӶͶԶա
û뵽ţ¿ԴϲĿ棬ۣһƬããÿԺѩ磬ѩδɨΨһŮո߹Ľӡĺѩȥ֮ᷢ֨֨ʮȤ
ţǲζҲԳȥˣ
룬ȴܣԹվڷУۿ

ʱ´ҴҶﱧżᣬŸСˣһ멡
°ȵȻδȬ·ˣȴһ˵ӣӡӿɴˡֶһʩ񣬡ʹﰲ
ת߽鷿
ʼ״֪лҪ˵ԷԾС

½ȥãȴֺܿϴŵӣʺüۡʲԣǳȴδ˵ʲôߵ⣬Щ̴ӣ˭ѩˣ
̴һ˴ᵹǻᣬСӣͦ
µǼһԺѼѩˡҪʲôģʹתʹЦӷԸҪʲôģֱӸǼɡӱϣת鷿

ʷӦ⣬鷿һġ
ǰ˵Ҫһǣֻһ˵û뵽ȴҪһѩʵִ̫ǸѾ㹻ڷбãмǺõġ
͸á
ȥ˵仰ȴδڳ´Щ֮СǼӵС鷿ɲǱð¡
æ꣬˵ɡ
ʴЦתߵűߡ

Сˡ
ʹҪʲôģߵİģֵݵģеŮģ˻Ǻˣ
ôʽ
һ룬ԡ
ǰֵģϲһݣ͵ǹ׿ڷԸ˸ҵ֣߾ȫġĦƣ
һŮһŵ£С¯ʻС
ͷ䣬ű߿šʲô뷨أʱ˵Ů
ʵͷ

鷿ڣһĥīһ
ӲʥһֱʱʱǲʥϻһΣ˺ܶҩġ
ӺҲڹӴͣƬ̣겻ѣο˽ڰ壬̫ҽؽ߾ȫҽιӣκ͡ݸ˿Цˡ
ҲڹӴǰͣƬ̣ۿͨ죬ύӡԷ˵û˵ʲôŶв̫ҽǣ˵βùӣͽǵԴߡʱӲˤһӡ
ǰЩʱգӺڹдһܡϴŭһӣλӶڸԵУ˼ء

һĶãһһĿеڣʱעһ˵
ô¡䵭Ҳ֪˵˭
һ
˵

ү̻ؾյӻ˯ǰţˡѵϢǰȥүˡ
౨С˼˵£ҲѴظ֪ģ֪ˡ
֮£ܴ˴Ϊ빫Ծϵģ˹Щ⻹һЩС԰ͷ
ӽҪˣѲǰжι磬·ѱ
˵ˡ

ɫ䣬ѿ꼸ŵһԣȫ˵꣬΢һס
֪ˡ
±㲻˵վԣĥֽ

洫һ
üһ

ȴǼѩ˵̴ӣᣬͯδЩʱոճƣѹò׹ͷɣ˸˳ˣ桱տʼ˼ţţиˣ̸Ц
Ѵӵվ¯ֻ̤żϣ²Լϲ
磬ϲʲôɫģ
ҿѡɫ
ѡɫÿҾ˵ϲǲš
У
ñأϲ֣
̵İɡʱȽȽȥ˸۵ġ
ˣ
Ҫѡѡɫĺе㡭
ããȻ
Ц

𣬹ϲ,ڰ칫ʱôšʹˣ֪أȺȴҲɾƤ˰ɡ
̧žҪߡ
عܡȴȻڵ
ͣ˽Ųϸһ䡣Ƥδ̧д鲨ĻЦδš

С˹ǸɵġᡰˣСԺѩϣһһŮѩˣиǣһкһŮŮǣֻСèкűһֻСͷβ
ŮЩõľ޸ĸģƳǵķΡ
ֻһĿڣų̣Ժ÷£ŲȻѩһ԰÷ͼ
еһοٳѩˣֱ۽硣СèСֱΩΩФҪȥһˡ

Ȼһϲ֮磬䣬תȥ䡣ܶ
һתȴ鷿߳
⼸ڷУ䳤ֻ£Ժȴ룬һӨɢ󡣻ѣų´Ǽ멣
ʵһμװ䣬Щİ·⼸ദ˲һˣ˲еԶܾ񣬺ܺÿ

ʿ߹ǰͣפ
̧ͷ䣬¶һЦݣ͸磬æˣ㿴Щѩ˺رƯƵġ
ȴδ⿴һֻۣʣϲ
Цš
ͷ档
Աϣţſ΢΢һ֮ͣһתȾֱˡ
һ㶣ͷҲסæȥĶϵѩԤȥȴ˸ƣǲظ

ʷӦ⾹Ҫʿţվϣæе͸磡
һҲ벻ʲôΨһסʵ̫ͻȻˡ
͸磡ǰ׷һԴɤصڰɫǵͥԺС

ߵĺܿ죬ת۱ͷڹսǴ΢΢ףһۣ۽ӰʧԺ⡣





14.  ȥ   


һת۱㲻վϣδع
ѣոնȹİĽ׶ΣδüԷȻȻȥһʱããȻ

Լô죿
Ժ̴ֿʣһʱҲ⣬ʱſڽһСˣʩӷԸʹɼҲȥߣȫƾԸ
ˣһ

ʱ͵֮һΪʲô£֪Եɺ󣬷˫ֺʮӷݹǴˡ
ʵݷء
ЦɲѾ˺ü
ǰ䲢ԸžݷգǿӦգȫݷҪĲ࣬Ǹеӣ˭ס

̴͵طˣʱ˸ŮͿĴ˵˵ʹСԺסգ°ٺúٹʹ¸æʹֲҪ֡
ֻ˸

ŮֵͷѾͷʲôҪģܷԸǱǡѾͷ밲֣˻Ժ⣬ֻš
˷㣬ȥʳУڷаںð̺ʳԷʰɾʱ֣˽һ̼ңһˮ̴ֽԲģȲʺӴ಻ԼҸе£꣬ʹֲҪҹ󣬱Цһ˳ȥҲ֪˿ⶣݸڱɡûڲ࣬밲ȻЩ

̿յ򷢳ž֮ѵĹ⣬Ͱִϵϴˢˢϴˢˢ
ȥȥ
ֵ⻰Ȼݸǲд˺üգûãҲϴһϴ

ʲϵٺѼʾֻһǳ죬ͷϵǣˣϣֻһЩ֪Ժ᲻̡ѬȾ£պͮͮġ
ɫЩʶţҶϴ½ͷϸɾѣ˵ԭ㺦ݹӣĵģԲ˯ãǶˡ
ѽԼ׽ͷڻ߿һ룬ͦõġ
Ŷô÷ʵ
⼸ദΣһʱ֪Ӻ˵Щ·ֻ᲻Դȥ˵һЩ
ѩ˸㣿
ʵͷ
Ӵ濴ݹӻˡֵǻҶŵˡ벻һ٣ֵҾ˵Ǽҹϲ˭ദЩʱգûвϲġ
Ц

ҹɫͷɽѣʱݸƻͨһæµСԺȴš
ݸ񾭽䲡鷴ڲֱͣһ̣ܰ˯һ̤ʵˣֻУ˯

գ㾫ǰ緹
δ磬ȴ಻ɢշף׵ѩɫؽӳգ޷һ׵ͯ硣
һֻСȻɵǰߴĴʳ
һҵѳ꣬ŮʰʶŵʣǰյϣСһһĵĹ
ôûȥϷ𣿡ʴŮˣǰС
Се㷢ߴߴһͷʣֲҡ
԰ɳ԰ɣ¡
˼׷С̯СĴãڿסʳջ󣬱Źʵġ
ʲЦˡ
һţһĻȻþûЦôˡ
ĵϸһ룬Ǻþòôˣ·ǰڱʱˣĸо

СԱΧʽĳˡ
컹𣿻᲻ǲ·ˣô䣬ɱˡСԶķ򣬵ǵ
أԼӣ֪ȥδءֵƣۣ˲˵Ҫ˵ͷˡ
ȴˣʵȥҪԵˡ

ҪڣԺȻŲԶŮͷʹˡ
æվӭֽݡ

ɳԹ緹ˣɳԵĺã
ֽķУʺʣ밲ֺ˼䣬
ʵڲ˼³ͻȻһæңû˵ϹǣĪ֡
òЩ㲣ԼЩʱҲڵĲᣬȴϴЦڲסȻͻȻʵʱڳҲæҡһ˲ģǽʰǰԺӣæһţ۵ĲСȻȴϲãµûзԺ󶼿ɴӳ顣

æȻݹӵ¸Ҫݹ˰ɡ
ֵͷЦҽ˵ٵЩʱգܿ
̫ˡֵҲԵĿġ
ݹȬҲʹĸ⼸Ҳʹˡֳʵ
΢΢ףڵ͸踣졣
Цֻݺ͸еȻۣ֪ԼҹڶǺθо

⻰Ƿ׿˵ġԭԹһˣκβ޷ǰ̾
Ȼˣ
æʵᲡˣ
ֵʵһ򲻺ãƽ岻ʱΪ˹ӣķѾ޴һֱǿţһãٳŲסˣЩʱһֱԴء
ѹ֡侲Ǽգݷ˾Ĳһ̵ۣסԭǲˡ
ݷƺһĪĺøС
𣿡ʵ

۵ģıƽʱЩʵЩëлصģ̫ҽǶڣԻᾡΡ
ʵͷ
ֵҲŹصؽ˵һְڸסţʲôҪģܿڡӻеæЩ˺ЩˣԹ
ջϹ︮һˣһƽù˷ģأҲʽİš

밲ֶһۣ˵ˡ
ֵֻȻҲÿλ˵뷨˵˼ǣȿǹԸؼңԲԸأݸ֮ã¶ҲġҲ⼸տڸﵽתתһ룬ˣٸ߷Ҳ١

֣밲ǰһʱ޻
𣿡ʵ
ʵһϻǰͶ˾۹⼸գ𰸸ӹɡݸﶼ˵ĸоã˭Ͷ
ֵǵƶʣñˣùáݸԸ¹˵취Ӳ¡Ҫݸϲ׼ﲻˣܲˣŪ˻ȥޱס

ȴ뵽һ£˵öҪȥˡ
ţһ㶣˵ģʲôʱ˵ģ
뿪ʱʵ
˽֮ʶ˵仰Ψһ֪һֱδҵ֪֡

һɫһ䣬ĺȻ˵ֻݹ£ȻҪصġ£زض޺ģĺȻ췢˺£һʲô¡ú룬տ˵˻ʲô˵£
ϸ룬磬ȥݱˣ˹ſʱʼδһԣ·Ӧðݱ֮ʱգ£δĸףͷ񣬸׷

Ȼˣү׽̼ˡʼպƽ
յҧгݵŭ⡣
ڷ߶ɻˣҪڻ׼ҪһƤ
ʵǾͲȥòϣһȥ𣿡
ҡҡͷȴ˵ģСֻѩһԽԽҪŪȥĸŮ³ɺޣһȳǿǼпܵ¡
ѩĲҲ
ʱزáΪ֮ƣݸֵ

תתȥֻصϣݸ
Ȼ˵ȿʵԸ£Ҫ˫˼һԸ⣬һҲԲǿҲأ˵飬ԼݸҲδóۡ

⼸ݹദоĹۣù𣿡ʡ
䲻ϲϲ£ֶݷ˿⼸ȴδֳɫҲʲôתʾˣʵ뷨¶׿
һ룬ҡҡͷҲ֪
ֿʣ˵ݹҲ֮ˣѩˣͦϲ㣬٣ᡣǹ˵£


ȷ䣬ʼйɲŭԼ˲ľηͦѩˣǷ·һԼʱѡΣ»׽ܸоԼᶨϲõ£׸ı䡣

Ǻãֳüչֵҿݷ˵ʮµġֻҪݷ̬ȼ¶кܴϣ
ҲĸЭһΣЭڶΡ
򴽣е㻳ɡҲȷܸоݷƺʮϲ
ȥЩȥݷˣˣ֪գ֪Ӧȥ̽̽˳ǵ˼ȷҹζࡣ

󣬰ȥʹݷ˺ʱ㣬ٽʻ·ǣǰݷլԺ
ǰݸܴ󣬴ʱд˸С̨ͤ¥󣬼ɽˮС·ֻһʱ߲ľѩǣ·ȴѱɨ¶ɾʯ塣
ֻݸ˺һ·ȴˡճݸǰԺˡǶ̫䣬Ҷе̫ˣ·ʳ˼̻

ݷ˵լԺˣֻһţһԺūȥһ
ݷ˷Űڣź
밲վȺŮƿȥͨһ˲Ӱ֣ͬʱɤ
ͻȥ






15.     ʲô


ݷȷʵˡԣƽ󲡲࣬Сϣʱʱţ޴󰭡ε£ļ٣һã㲡ˣԴգֱˣⷽģˣ˯˸þ˵㾫ͷǿϿţ˵
ۼһձһպãȣݷ˷Ǹض֮ˡ

ݷοĵͷӣڱӻһǶȹˡӽ󣬶ҪӱСģĪٳ£ʵܲˡ
֪ˡĸײˡ
ݷ˵Ҫ˵Ӧྲգôһ
䵭ĸ׷ģ

ݷ˱ס˿ڣ˲豭һڣһ£˵мҪ㡣
£
ϲӵĹҲ֪ˣʹ˼ݷ˵֪֪㲻ϲ£ʵҲϲԼ̫¡Դʹﵽߺ󲻾ãνˣҲʵңʹ󲻾ãͼˡ·潫˶ɸ㣬Ļ˺ֲ֮ʹǸѹסġڸУܾİЩƺʹﲻ̫ãϲҲߣѹҲٶʲô˺ԺݸҲԴ

üͷ̧û˵
ǰ̽Ǳ߿ڷ磬˼ֻҪԸ⣬û⡣ҿʹԼӦҲԸġݷ˵
δ˵ݹ⣬ȫм˸ҲͷʸҾܾ
ŮԼԸ
ǰʼ֡롱ģԼڷƲ֣ǰ͵ĨıӰΪκö˶˵ĺȻˣȥΨһ˵͵ͨССͣ˼ңȻ
мŮԼԸϲӣԸ£ҲǱȡССŮڼû˵ķݶ

ͻءԼֵ࣬лӱ΢΢һ٣⣬һλᣬԺۺ£ֻҪڣݸΪɡ
ԣʵΪ䲻ݷǰʵãȴģļǵã˯ʱȷʵѣȷһݹ͡СĶˣ

ݷԤ֮Уȴ֮⡣ԼҶ˽⣬㲻䶥ۣٶܣȴ׿лӱһŵʵͷһΡ
ݷϸɫ뿴ʲôеɣ¶
ȴɫȻޱ仯Բٶ̸ͻȥ²顣һ£ĸҲˣúЪϢ

밲վ⣬ȺŮͨǡĸӶ˽̸䣬ʱһۣиһ䡣

Ůȥˣʹˡ
ݷæ

ߣ⣬ſڴ档
̶һն⾰ȴ·һˣһʱвָܻЩݣüĿ䲡֮ɫ˸ɾպȹˮ촽һϮư׼Ҿӱһɫ񣬳
ʱڵغϣȴΪȻ룬ɽϵİѩɼ
ͣ½Ų䣬Ҫ񣬿е͸硭
ȴδͣ˫ĿһӶ΢΢ףǴкʲ
һۼ߳ȥһϣʧ

ݷ˵
ʻع߽ݷˣȴݷֹסضְӣǰ¡
˺Щôʡ
ë¡ݷһ£Щ㲣Цʣ⼸ʹˣҪȥлģùҡ
ȻҾӹҡҡͷ࣬Ӧõġһ룬ֵ͸ӣҲǴ
ݷЦЩԵĿɺãסĿɹ֮Ļһһˣǹӣֻһಮѧ˵ٴǰ

ֱ̽ݷ֮࣬˳˵ȥԸȴһ֮ٿڡ
һʱ䣬˶δ˵

ʿһ۰֣ѯǲǵˡ
ȴݷ˺ȻǰʹĴ㣬֪￼ǵˣ
û뵽ݷ˾һʱ֪ûĻֱӸ֪ˣ˵Ҫ£ȡ裬бΪѡ
ˣдʱֻʵˡ
ݷ˵հĻǶ˰ɡ
æˣǲ⣬ǡá
ݷЦ֪δȫͷļˡһ㲻綼Ҫ¡µʵ䲻ϲ£㣬£ˣҲһǡ
ʾš
Һ¡
ʿݷˣݷЦݣʡ

ϲ£ݷ˱Ҳ̫ҽˡѡʺȻʴ˽⣬¸ǷͲģ˵̫ˣܰ䡭
ȻˣȴȫȻôһ¡ǰŮװ׾γ鶯ŵİ˵棬ڳܿǸϻĺӡ̫ˣ°ͼ⣬ԵñͬС࣬üĿŵò
ݷ˵һμʣøУӿ֮⡣
е㵣ܷصס䣬ʱȻܺ¡ϲΪ־į޴ֲԸ㻤²ûйһ֣˼û棬ҲΪȻֳϣʲûû֣䴲ߣ˵ŮһĻʱݷвܲж

˵ʵʹ͡
ʱˣҲߣĬȻ͵ģۡ
ݷһֱҪŮкüŮһΪԭ򣬶ҲȫǸԼšȻŮԼףֻжԴͿ
иƯƯɶµŮֻ꣬׽׽˵˵ҲǼõġ
˵ģҪСЩݷ˵еͷȻݲЩ£ĸ׵ģĹⲻ˼ȻЩΪʱ磬ұˡ

Һϣ£һʮϲ㣬ҲΪ˽ġ俴źˣ̫̤ܲʵڸУҶİЩݷЦŵúӣҾֱˣ뷨أ
ʿһ۰֣΢һͷˣҲ
ʿڵԸ¡
ݷ˱Եʮָˣããܺá
һԵǣݹ
ݷ˵취ĸףͲš
һֱδ˵ֺȻһ豭˿ڿˣȵˮɡָֻ豭ˮҲȵ衣
ǣҶͷȲ衣
ݷ˺ȹ󣬻ѵǣҲ˵̫ӣү޷˴ˣҲ͸ｻףһʱɣҲģݸҲĽͻȥ֡
Ȼ޻˵

ҲǺ޻ ݷĿдЦʣ㣬ͦر𡪡ϲ˭Ʋ࿴һۣ˵һ䣬ͬʳѩ֮ġҿ䰡㲻ϲ㣬Ҳٲ㡣
⻰밲ǰ˵ıϡ
ǣˣأ

ݷЦ߻ᾡȰлᣬ䣬ҲֱӸ˵˵˰Ӳ˵￪˿ڣһ䣬ʲôģ⡣
ֿһ˼ǣ÷ˣȱҳˣΪֹ˭ڹǰһ£

ֳ֮ɫգգۡ
ȻᣬǽĸЩ׽֮˵ǰ䣿ܾò꣬һ̧֣ϳȥ˰ɣʮҲҡ

ݷ˴˷Իδܽʵ⡣ȷ֪ݷ˵̬ȣҲһ˿ϣ
ҹɫ٣ֻصСԺС
ݷ˵ԺʰվͿɰȥȴܣҲط¡£վ͵ˣαȥߣСԺסҲ
ݷܷ˵䣬ʵ˵׼Ϊ֮ƣΨȵȺϢ

ҹȻ˷磬轵Ů̿շת࣬˯Ĳ̤ʵ϶Ρ
һμĿЦ˾ͱӳģĸһȥɡ
һѩֳּƽҪͷ⣡ܣ
һ֣ޱ飬俴ʮһ֣ʱ㱻ţϡ


Խ˯Խȣ˱ӣڴһ־䣬ҳӣٹһƿ˺üأȴͲסҹ

գ𴲣ڱͷһ
ڱ˼ңɱЦ
ʺһƣ֣ͷʹ
Ӵôˣһԣæչȥ鿴ʺҹűֱͷϣ밲ָԶ԰־δ״
ʱһƱշ죬ȣ
һ̽ʶͷɫһ䣺ѽǷˡ





16.     ŵС

ʲˡ
ֻͷۣЩ΢աŮҪȥȴסˡ
ͷëˣԳҩͺˣ¡
Ůɣֱ͡ǰǳ󲡣ԪˣһֱδʱʱЩСǳзȿԵ֢߱Щҩ
ҩٷˡֵȲҪ˺ʹˡ
ҪŮƱҪĸһƱŪ˾֪Ҳʣסڱ˸У鷳鷳һЩңʱ˴ܲò
ŮȥˮִӴҳҩιʺ£ּ˴ޱʵʵϣĶͷڴǰš

ȹҩһգȡȻһأ״ȴвͬ
ʳһȴȻȫ䣬ڱɸ㶶ݿ죬䡭䡭
ִ󾪣סʵֻ֣һ麮ôˣôˣһ߽ţɱҡ

ֻæֻһҩ裬ι£šֽסһʲˣȴַ̱򣬲סϢȡ
Ůһԣٲҵ飬Ҵȥˡ

ʱݷ˸ճԹҩҪ¡һԣԭ׼ȥʵȴͣΪأڼʱ˵һЩҪĹĹ£ͽУڼҰɡ
ﴦ깫񣬱ݷ˴ĸסĸӶ˵˼仰ݷҪЪϢˣҪˡ
һŮҴҶ롣
ˣˡŮû뵽Ҳڣһš
Сеģɺͳʲô£˻Żţ
Ůʹﲡˣ
ʲô
˶һ΢΢һ٣࿴Ů
ݷ˴ӴŮö˶˵ģȻˣ
Ů˵ҹ˺ֻе㷢ȣ˭֪Ů״һһ˵
Ϳ꣬㿪ڳΪβȥ򣿾Ӳһգ
Ů̵̻ǰֲã˵
˵ñ㲻ˣʹʲôˣĹݸĶˣˣҪݸ£˽
Ůʶɫףæ¡

ݷ˵ȱ˵ЩˣϽȥ̫ҽҽѻعĻعؼҵĻؼңһ̫ҽݸտ䣬ҲΪݷΣǰŲŸߡ
һС˱ܳȥ̫ҽ
ݷһҵùȥҪȴһѣشϡ
æסе˿𶯣ͷ䣬̫ҽô硣ԼţȥˣŰɡ
ݷ˴һﲻ˵һ˵ʲô£Ǻã
̫ҽڣ벻¡Ȱο
Ҳȥ˲˼ҲŲʵģ˵ùȥ
ֵһȥһ˱ǡ
ݷҡҡͷʧԵõˡУһԹȥա
ּݷ˼ֻ֣÷ԸȡԼݷȻһѣΣݷ֧һʱ
æס£ݷȴڰ֣˼Ҫȥ
Ӵҵĺ÷ˣǺοء
ݷ˻Ƭ̷ۣɫףҲȫΪͽǺ⣬˲ǿ˼һԣ˵кЩʵڲУ̧ҹȥաҩҾͻ¡

ֱּ޿κΣݷߵ֣ݷһ·˽ƽͺĺܺź򣬵һִȴ˵ʵӵƢһ־ΪӣԸΪᶨ½šȴԼӣǰЭȴ˭Эû˭׸ı⡣
ΣҪһԵȴȻĸЪϢҹȥһ˱ǡ
ݷֶһû뵽
ݵĳźݷһ㿪ڵҲáһˡ
һͷҲ˵Ҫת뿪

ݷ˿ڴͷݣȴ¶֮ɫ䰡ǺС˲ʮֿȥ󣬿ɱһֱҿЩ㣬ע㣬ŵ
һ٣ݷˡ
ݷ˵ǽЩģŵ˼ҡ
䵭ᡣĸ׻Լȥɡ
˵ȥȥģδɷ򡣡ݷæҿǺӹԹɵģҲˡˣҲˣ˼ҾСֿġ
תߣ̴ݷ˵Ķ̣ûŵС

̫ҽһСԺȥʱ̫ҽΪΡԱվŮˮֽиСֻ̫࣬ҩ䡣
û뵽æÿλá
ǰվǰĿͶϡ¸ںͷԶ̽ͷ̽Եһۡ

ϣʱ˫ۣͨ죬ϺʪһƬ΢ţٶصĴϢһξ룬ƶܸܵȵϢ
ǰŮ˵Ĳ俴ǰ״̬üôյô
̫ҽǡðʣæҪֻظһɣȻ䣬ۿҪڴعͺͺľϣۼֿ죬һס
մͷϴŶյĺָ΢ȴûʵ⣬ѾյĺͿˣ־壬ֻһˬʱ㱾ܵķһգץסԴͷ

Сƿһ־ղסĶץסмָʱ۾Сһ
̫ͻȻһʱûܷӦһ漴Ҫ֡һԿҲһæ֡
ȴץסţҲ֪˼δѡҲĲѣĿϣССһָֻϸӲ᲻۶ϣ

վڴ࣬ţְ
Ժģ֪ںδϦǺ꣬ϤȻǱݼС
ĸקקмָǿֻۣһģӰ˭˵ƺĸǰĸǰ粽롣
ĸ𣿡ſǻȴЦĸȥˣþûˣҺ㰡
˵ţֳǰ˳뱧ס
ææĳϿһۣһƽƺδɱ˵ʱҲǲģô棬ʵж˿顣æץס󣬺ⲻǡϷˣְ
ȴǲţĸ㲻ϲСèҲˣվߡĸ㲻ҪҪ뿪ҡʼң״ε˵ţֻסĸ

ʹ֣ȴһȻӱʶĻӳȥµҪĸĸҪߡҪء
ȫպͿˣʧȥĸĻֺ̿ѹƽѹֵ˼һ̱еע롰ĸյϣҪסĸ
ǻӳȥһžһֱϡ
˶һᣬæպͿˣ빫ˡ
ֱϳһǳǳӡȽ϶ԣָϴȴ󣬾ЩʹƽһƤ΢΢һ̧ת̫ҽΣ
̫ҽ˰֣Ӧæ˷纮Ѫͨڻģ룬ɢȡ
ͷ΢һʾ⣬ɡ

ѣȴȻһҪҪ롣˱Լʮֺ¡δɿק䲻ò΢΢ǰ
ǣ̫ҽڵʱҶݴˡ
̫ҽʮΪѣ˵ݴһãæסʣȴּ֣˸޷ǰ˵ݴҪ֣ȴ־䵭Įݴ˲ᡣ
ǰκδǰôطֻվڴ࣬룬㲻ͷˡǸϷ˵ֻҪԹԵı𶯣ú룬Ϸ˱㲻ߣ㡣
䣬һָָʣϣʱһ¡
ʴӱ̽Դȷʣģ
˫ʹɫ̶ĬȻ̧ۣ΢΢ס
æģϷ˴Ӧˣʱһ𶯰

ϸֳͷ˸ŷĹ⡣ʱۣëͣҸһ룬һʹһ˵ʹУ·һֻС棬Ƥߣ洦ɣʹ顣
ʼš
ָܵϴȣٿʣϺˮܣյͨ죬Ϣ٣Ȼʮʹ̲࣬סˮ˳۽ǻ£
ĸҺʹ
Ƶģŵ·޷˵ıѹ
ĺʹĸĸ

һֱ΢΢Ŀɲһֱϣ֮ҲԶЩ֪ζ̫ܣȻǸȻĹ̡ʣüͷ΢΢СŮǲԸ˿ģǴα׺ŵʹ޳˺òһֱŲǰᣬڴǰҲ͵͵ĨᣬպͿˣҲŬſ⣬¶Цݡܵܲˣޡ
侲һȻ֣һͷϾͺáʹˡ
΢ͷ󺹣Ŷͷ˲ģõƬο塣





17.     ͸粻ϲ

һƬףϢš
Ƭ̺̫ҽȡ룬ʶСѪ飬̫ҽһˣٳԼҩգԵȬ
̫ҽһ֣ȥҩ

滺࣬򾲣ٲĶȥ˯Ƭ̣۷ɨֻ֣⣬æǰֱ۷ŽУС
ָɿһȴȻһʶʲô˳սδյ֣䣬ץס壬綬ճѩսЩëۡ

ˣɻܣֵ
֣ҡĸˡʿڣɤ˻ƣ۽̴棬ѷѣС
һ䣬ˡ
ȻĿתϣĿãȻƲϵ˭˫Ŀһϳ䡣
ɲ
䣺
֣

ͷĳס죬ͷٿȣԱ⧲Цݡ쳹ϰһǵһӣ˽֪ôŷаĵĲɲ֣ȴδ˸ҵ𣬶ڱ͵͵ģҧгݵģսľ˵

ֱ޲ȥ죬ֱҿ䡣
ȴɫƽ鵭Ȼʣ˵һ顣
ڲУѣҲ̸ܵһɲŭƣҲһЩ£ɿֵ֣̿ҳȥ
˳һ壬С΢΢죬ãԼǺͿġ
ӣһЩƬӿȻЦˣ͸硭üͷг䣬ֹ
侲վšûץˣˡ
͸硣૵
˵
͸粻ϲңڹ۾Űգ
δ˵
ʿ˰һתֿ䣬еģȻӱ֣ס䣬ߣ͸磬һܹԣߣòã

Ů̫ҽȥȡҩҩֻʣ䣬ʣ볣ˡҹƳϣ˸ӳǵǻ
˾δ˵ʲôȴ·֪οڣԳĬ

ؼ𣿡Σ䵭
ҡҡͷ૵ĸûˡûмҡᳶ䣬̧ͷ֤鷳͸磬Ҫߣ𣿡
ֿ֣ʹЩСֶΣ䶨Ȼȥ̫֮ˣδһָо
һ˵ĸо
ĵĳطȻһ
ɺáǶ԰˵ġʰֻŵ£ӻ䣬¶ڶյҹ
Ӧǰʡ
Բ֣䣬⡣
ڵ֪ˡߡ˯á
ʻģһŷӦЦˣִɣģǲǺҵģ
ü˯áϡ
ģƽԹðָǺñӣƣȴЦݣ·׹ξ

ͷŲŮҩĿ俴һۣͷԸźšֶ԰΢һףų뿪
һڣʲô˵ҲŭȴܸһεѹȸСȴδ뵽ġ˲ţΪֻһˡ
Ѿ˯ˣ˯΢΢üɲ̫
ҴҴӣ̾˵Сڰ
ոӦУǺ岡˰ˣ
̾˿

侶ֱԺճ֮󣬱˻·;óȥݷ˴رһģԼ鷿󣬼δ
һ¡Ψץʱ䣬ֲڼоȴÿдҴæµ֮С
֮󣬳Žӣʱˡ
һԵͷֱоᣬ̫ѨָĲϾһ볹׻ָʱݱȲôǰЩƣۣȴ֪ΪΣ˯һͷƹ⣬վߵ⡣

궬һֱ̫ã붬㲻̫ʱʱմѩǺ䣬۰պҹġ
վϣɫҹգҲ£֮£Ψ԰мյƻ֮ء
ǵƻһ˫峺˫Ŀ棬ʱǳ⣬ȴִϣΡ
¾󣬺ȥ²¡
¸꣬Ĭ»⣺йʹҪ޾ϸ𣿡
һ룬ע⡣

ⲻǼ£󣬳±Ϣʱ
Ϸȥʹȥ궬ջص
ڸйΣʵ
˵ʹջʱ˼㱣е㡭֢ʮಡϤϣҽҩĵ
Ȳ裬ԵŶ
µʹ֮вϣͷ˵˲ǰӣĳ⵹ˣʹϷһִҲòúô֮
ľλϲһϷҲûϲϷڸеλԶȨӶϱƣӦԾɱ𾴡СŮǸŮҲǲͬٲ࿴
񲮾ԶɽмӡƽӹϺ޽ǿǽͷݣơһ˵ҲǸʵˣ޶ࡣˣ֪֮٣żţǸӦӪģǹٻ¼Ů˶ǣΪ档ԽԽע˭
ʲô˵ȴĸһ룬Ҳ
֮飬ĸ߳󣬸Ȼ񡣵ϾҲļҡ

Ȳ裬Ƭ̣˾漴Ժ

СԺСſϣԴڱ۰˫գһ޿ȣֻǻ᲻ϲӺ󣬱ôſšͷŮһ߻һЦ
ѽôץŹӣһֱĸĸ
ӱֻվţùôţء

˵ɲʱū澶ˡվںͷҲ֪ӵʱǺɫ
˵ǣӶˡֵ
ŮǱûô飬ǰҹʵ棬̲סһһĽδ¸ԭ

˵Ц̸ȴٶȻȥ
ǡ
ҡ
ûСҲǡΡ

ǰҲûôڹ没Ϳ˰ɡֵȻе¡
ӣһֻСڱǰȷڣĸߺôˣ޿޽неģЩٶպͿŵʱΣֻʵǣʵǣʵǡֱ֪ݡ

ùûйЦ˵ǸģҲ١
ŮЦЦûнӻ
ֵһˮݸʣ˵Щ
ʲôģһʱ⡣
ֿŮѹǴӦ¡
ڱɡǱƺһ˵ĻҪôҪô强˵ѺܱһɶҲص档Сʱڵô߶ϲȾƵ塣
ֵ̾Ҳǡ
ȴ˼ͷֻԺμ䣬ɲ̫ˣû᲻ˡ

ͷȻ˶ѭȥ̧ۣ㿴һϤӰſڣ˵ܲٲܲٵ䡣̾
ŮҲȻչӷˣϡ档æȥ׼ˮȴһߣæˣȥɡ
Ůæ˳ȥ

Եǰ£ַվãҪض°ɡ
ʱ㰤ŵˣۿɫ䱳Ź⣬ɻĪʲô
ʣʣЩˣ
صöˡ
ͷһʱ޻
ʹοڣܱ˼Ʋƽϣҹʧ֮٣Ҫ˵ԲҪڣȴһ˵ˡ
мҪ㡣







18.  ѯ   һ


һҪ㡣
ʿ䣬ɻȻһƽȻʣزС£н

ݸԸ𣿡һʳָߵ棬ʡ

һ㶣ԼҲδϵһʣʶʲôҪڣȴδһֻۣʣԼ˵
˵ʵֵ
ĿԣʵͷĻش𣺡ǵģԸ
ûнʲôҲûжǿ
Ŀʼϣֿһ΢һף֪ˡ
ʺ˿Ųոһ˲ʶס˺˫ƽ䣬ȴƽһ£ĿһѵҪεһƤһյʮĵƻҪյ֮£κλԺζΡǡһŰֽʵгס
ݸԭΪ˵ȴеԸ

ˣ¡䵭˶٣ֵ£պڸв̫Щ
һʱе£δȫӦֻͷŶ
վٶ˵һۣ΢һףת뿪ˡ
ҴҴߣͣƬ̣ȴ쫷µӰ죬þòɢ밲վڷУ㱻ͻϢŪ˸ֲ
ˣ

һƬããѩ硣֦ЩѩڻڳɾӨ͸ˮΣ׹䡣ڻԺ·ϣһһ߷Ը½¸֪ݷһլ֮£ܣ˴ҲΪֹպٴ֡
Ӧţȴֹ
˵бһۡ
ЦӲϲϲصˡ
²࣬һһ롣䵭ңټһһġ
æǡ
䲻죬ѥӲ·ߵĻѩϣ֨죬šԸȥõ
ӦǣĵĸҰǹԿµˣĸûɫĸҵ

󣬵ģ壬Ψյ龰ȴ£ĿֻһУڤڤȷһ 

ʵµȻЩһ밲˳ȻУ۵СۡӦǸ˵ģȻϵ˸ڱԭŵһӸˣе㲻̤ʵһ㣬ʵ̫⧲̫ˡ
ڴͬеĻݷˣһϢ㽫ʽ˹ȥЦеʵⲻΰɣøʲô˵䣬ͽˣá
Цݷôһ˵ʵСȷʵǿˡ
ݷ˽վԺЩʣһֱЦţҾ˵˳ӲȻȻֵá
Ĳ̫ףЦ
ԺͿ쿴ˣáݷ˵պСʿɺã
ȻӦǡ˿ҲܿģݷĸУϲλݸĸҲܸоĵԼʵϲ
ʵԺ밲
úúáݷЦԺӲįˡȹգȥһ鲮˫һ棬±ôˡ
ʵͷе˻᲻ͷʹӣȴ˷Կ㣬˫Ըͳһ˶ϲʱ򷸴ˡ

ʵ簲ԣ˾ᣬҲʱɵ¡
УЦӹӺ鸣죬ҲڸΪˡ
գֵ鲮ã𻰡ݷ˲δܳţִΪǢݷಡ˽֪ƽӼӦ꣬˴ζӲأҲܼ尾Ҫʱָ˵Ҳ֡ΪݸˣլܹܣλҲˣ˴ţȶԷ˲ʾǸ⣬ٸ֪ݸԼʵȷԸ
ֵˡ
Ӧõġ˵ݸԺǼʶ߶Ÿˣ»븮϶ൣвϹط˴ĵطݷ˴Ϊ̣ܽô򣬸
ֵʹʮֹɶ£Ҽҷ˺ϲպ󶨻˲ġ
ֵ¹ӻδȬ౧ҲͣպЩˣһҲʹĸŮ档
˵յŰݷãȴһ˵ʱٿڣֻõҪתʶһҪ̫˼ˣպ󷽱ˣүֽȥġ
˻Ѽ䣬ǣһл

һߣѩӺҴҲ˸һֱƫУ͵˶Ի
ĸףڹˣѩʵ
ǲǶˣ֪ʲôЦȥһݣԸ˴򿪵ֻӡ
ԭϲϣʵٶ׼ƷҪＸ꣬պһһлƽ㿴⣬Ҳ˵ùȥݸȴʮ´󷽣š

Ӵ򿪣ͷǼƥϣĺۣ֬һ⣬һֻǧϲΡǧϲԲ˵Ϻõ֬۸ǾʢǳƷ֬ÿƷҪڻʺǣνǧ  ΪҲ˼ңȻҪЩȴҲҪŶӵȴ߼۹򣬼㵽֣Ҳ˷ѣ̸ˡ
Ȼͬ죬Ŷѣֱ˴ֱʡ
ҪЩĹأҪǱ⣬Լܿش¡˴γϲѩ磬˶ֵĺϲ£죬ƫǣСŮٿЩ񣬵Ǵ۸ӣԡ

ǲһ˴󷽡ѩǽУһ֬С
ҲϽһУô󷽣
ѩ뵽һ£ⶼô󷽣ظöȸһѾͷԺòĺö
ѩһۣԸ˽̧ߡ
ݹӾȻˡѩ߷ߵȻԸߵʲôʺˡĸףͲȥߣھ͸ðл
㶮Ҳܾ𣿡һӻ

Ӧȥݸ޿κΣ̡ʱԶɽʵ̬ȣһֱѹֵľɺޣʱ޲ԶҪٲȻϢһʱЩЩºˣҪƫˡ
˴⣬ֻҪݸʣô˽лʡݸʣʵһźţݸʣȸ֪ǵԸѯӣҲһšɫȻ֪˳¿ݸµԸм֣ȥʵڲýŪ鷴ڣǽʷǰ׽иġЩӣԶɽѩͺһСͷƤԽԽֻС˻ȱһ³ɺޣǰǴ̫ˡ

Ȼֵһ䡰ҼҹԿڡ㽫̴ң֮ǰݸʱĲþܾʱ޷ܾ޼ƿʩм˸ҡ
ôˣ滹ˡʵ벻ͨ
ȥֻܹѩ˵ĹʺϡԼ䶨ǲˣӺͿˣδѡ

¿ôأѩĸ˵ݹԿģݷҲʮϲĸף⣬⡭
Ρ˶񣬳Ƭ̣ãˣΪйһʱϲϲҲ֮СߣԺӳˣ׷ǹʵģһĻëѾͷ˭潫¡ҿŰɡ
ԣЩȴֵɣһ˫۾ĪĲڹɭϣǽȥãԺ£ʲô֪һһ
ڷ˼ʲôˣ

˼ʣڣæŰҡ





19.  ¾   

ԺҪڹڳס䲻֪סãӦеģȻһֱסСԺС
գʳԹ緹ƹܼұſڣżС˺Ůʰҡ

ϰڵ·ݺύͨ˴ݹλһȸϡ˴빬Խס֮˾ΪȨСȨ棬Ψݹܱߵļۡʵ۴裬ڣֱ丸һݹռȸִ֡
ڴССԺ߷ӵֻжһ԰ƽ˴ţٿš

°סǸһԺ䣬ͷи˺ɻ˵ٺԷԷڰǽߣΪһãж᷿䣬
칫ѵõɫ磬һֱӳմأѩһƬ
߽ٺԷͥԺаѩԿɼֲдɽʯ׺п֦Ҷ㱻ʰɾˮ峺һ㱡¿ɼ׵߮
ٿڣҾãһӦȫ
վϣ⣬ֻԶ˵泩

ԺҲǸԺӣżͺɣƽ˾סҲˣ￴˿ⶼʰסš
ƹܼһԵĶЩǰģЩģãϲı»ȱʲôʱڡ
ֵͷϲԺӣҲֱ˵޷ط
˼𣺡ûвϲ
ЦԺ䲻󣬷羰ȴģգкɻʢһʢҪǣ˺͹ӵԺӶԶ

ȥ֪ģߣƹһ㵽ˡڹӣˣں棬ٺԷңңԡ
ʱ·ϣȷһӴլڣסǿˡ

Ժ涼ЩֵʹѾСˣվ켸ɷ˲ģ˵յǺǣ⼸վһԭѾͷźšϲʲôģҲֱ˵ˣúġ
ʶ²̫⣬ǰĸߣʹӱǹþͺã̫ںųصϰ˰һ˴չˡһۣЦѾͷͦãͷˡ
˼ԭСԺźŮֽɻһ࣬ʮʵ֣ģȻ㹻
ȴѾͷɵֻпɣҪ̣ȴСҲ˿ųͣõĺá¶÷ȥɣɺò˼ᡣ
ֱЦˣǱͷˣһ㹻ˣĪˡ
ֺѼ䣬ƹܼұ㶼뿪ˣʼԺͷ

ʵ࣬ʱʹæʰЩͳõĶֻŮŰһ𣬺ܿ÷׵ȥˮ
ȥ
ֻй֮ޱ£һӦҾɾ¯㡣ߵ⣬Ժ
ٺԷ
޺ɣΨСȥʿ˻㣬Ĵתת᷿Ͼ㿴˸飬ֻСѲԼѰ㡣ͣ£ͥԺ
ðֺȻ
Цͷš
δʶͥլǰڱݸĸסŴԺСԺסɫֻ˸ªСƫԺȻǸģ鲮ռ䲻ݸȣȴɵĻֺ룬ųơ
ȻСİٺԷ̺壬ȴ֮ͬеκһ֣ȲǱԺİů಻Ļ벻һֳŲ֮СָоҲᵽˡ

ߵԺ⣬վһʯͷϳԶһ۱㿴沨ԣլԺӳУǱסˡţһҶСۡʹ羰ãһ·߹ȥ಻ġ
͸ڼ
֪סˣ

ݹȥһֿڵϾʽסˣԺͬӸڣӣż񡣡
ʵͷӦõģ֮⣬˵ллȻ񲻱Եñ΢ҲʵӦĴȽ⡣
ݹ⣬⼸λˣҲȥݼݼֵ
ӣʶ˺ļλЩССķеɡսʱԼǼλˣֻǵʱ㣬ϸע⣬˵ϻ
һģ֪룬ЦģҴˣ⼸λ˿ɸǼλһ
Щʱգͷţݸ´´Щˣ㽫Լ֪ţҲ

ϹȢˡ
ĸݷˣңճ䡣ϣΪʽ֮ŮսɳиŮȢУĶŮСŮŸ£СΪŮӣڹо֮˵㣬ϰһŮ
ݹ⣬λظۡݷ׺ͣȴಡ£Ӧֱ꣬ɻƹִܼ
Ҳ֪ǱʹȻŷӰ죬˺ҲӦ꣬ڸլԺﰲؼӼ㶼ల£ͺ

˵ǻʹԷŴ󻧣ԹѰռң༸ģвٵģг򰵳ӿ˼ŹЩŷ֮ңԱ࣬лǣණĸΪӡνһƺ֮ⲻɾ˵˵ҼбľļûH¡Ǣ¡
ֱϾ곤֪һЩ¡
ȴЩ֪֮٣Ψһ֪˵ݸĳЩطк֮ܶƩ綼ֻˣŮࡣȻзΧȴȻͬ
ϲʣвӦ꣬ǻ֦չĳŸ磬Ǹ磬ʾСԺٳȥȴţڳƻͨϱѹƣ˽ȴĶǣֵļȮżҪӴʣǹһѩ˸˵㲻ʡ͵ĵơ
ݸЩʱ˵ģôڸסţֻ͸̥ˡ

ݹ
⸮еķ
ڶգʱõ˴𰸡





20.     ˸

ݹ
⸮еķ
ڶգʱõ˴𰸡

밲ԺƳԹ泩˯˸þ
գ˳Թ緹ʻѣԤȥˡ
˭֪δţȴ߽һˡ
ʹﰲͷŮӯӯһżС˺СѾߣͷЩ
ǣʵ
ŮЦūǶ˺ߵġλЩ
ֻƿһвҶæ˽ˣлӦȵŰݷøλ˵ģ÷Ƕˡ
Ů밲֣Ц뵽һ㣬ūȹ˵ʹﲻؿŰݷãһﱾδӦСС޲ֲֹݣС岻ʣҲдܡʹжлǡʹڸУԺշؾͬһ£պҲ֮գ֮ʱ
Ǹ˼ģ⻰Ҳ룬ȴЩЦãλ˻紫ǰӼֱӽ˾⣬˵ȥȴ˵ͨΪķˣԼҸУܻЩȨġȻ֮⣬Ҳ˵ʲôңλŮɫκεαԼǵ˵ǲδ٣ŮģȻҲϰԼҷ˵ɣʽ͵⼸λˣ˼ﲻҪġպˣȻ˽⡣

ǣ밲ҡҡͷأеɣȴĸ㲻ãʡ˲£Ͼ볤򽻵İܲǼ˷ɵ¡
ԺҲȥ룬Ҳһ徲֮ءؿֺãҲңӣǼ¡

һʱֻȥݷˡȥݷȴȫΪǳϲ
ݷ˵˶£ʵ£Ӧõģؿ˶ֱ֮ˣϲһˣϲţҲ˵Щ㲻ö룬ҲعġݸĲ˵լûô£˰ַֹӡҲûôأ㲻ص밲֮ģҲնȫ⣬˵㡣
ݷⷬʱ㳹׷

ÿݷһǸ໰ˣݷ˵ݷ˺һֱС꺮ůģճʲôʲôԵĿɺã˯Ŀɺã޾ϸʵĸ
ʹԹţʱʱ䡣̶̼գݷ׽٣ദȻŰֹϵͻͽ졣żڷ̸ݷ˺ʷ޻һš

ǻϰʹΪĵˣڹˣֻһ㲻İһֱĸԸݸˣҾôŲʲ
תһ룬ڹ˼ʲôҲ޳Īкξ塣պպ˵ɡ

ݷ˵Ĳսת㣬㿪ʼѾߵ£ʵģһĵġ
ûʲôģҲ̫Ҫ󣬼ݷ²Ҳڴ
գ߽ٺԷЦʹ˸ˣ
ЦȥվѾͷӯӯһݣá

ʵʱɫ䡣





21.  ū   ź

СԺеŮ塣˵ʣּˣҲɫһ䡣

Цû뵽ɣ˵ˣѡѾͷ£˾ˡ˵ǹڼʱߵ强ѾͷһֱŹݸԸ⣬պڹ߼źܵݸвԸġ
ʵҼҷԭҲд⣬Ѿ߲ԵģȻùߵġԺңҲ㣬ٻȥ
ˣ˱ţ£͹ˡ⣬ĻʱѾͷһѡʵģһźź

鷢̫ͻȻʺͰ⧲һʱ޷Ӧԣԣȴס򣬵ˣͷ˺ˡ

֣ݸѾߣվϣüһ塣
ǰһӯӯһݣﰲòɺãūǿɷˡ
Цģɷµ˵

ʸ첲һ䣬˲伦Ƥüôˣ
źѽ˷ԸպݸУڹߣĻúź
Ҳˡ˵ʲôҪģȱʲôʲôøݸ˵ģǵлϾǹļҡ˼ҵײԼңضౣأúչԼ
ЩʻɵĿǣܾûлʲôδ˵꣬ȴ˶ģ¶ߡ
ֵ֪ˣȥɡ
񣬸ˡ

氲ֹֽϷţ
ʵʲôҪѽ
ָˣ˵棬òһĸף˽ȴʮֲԸƺܱܡ
ողôֵźİ
ǣźң һڲ˺˵¶ءı顣

ʻؾʱԭźѾͷ˳޵ͣڱݼˣʹˣĲĻ磬Ըŵֲ·;ֻһ֡
ýСԺָѾͷ塣

ԭǸдʹѾͷʣͦˣΣǸӣϷ˴ģеͷ
Ȼ򲻾ãڸʵĴ𽥵ּͣһһ޿ôߣչּʹˣҪ䳰ȷһ

һհ˹شȴװ֪һҹ紵ʹʷȣۣһ䣬İݺᣬʱԲڴÿŬĸĬ־ֱۣ̲סӴ𣬺Ҫƴ
ǡԶɽǳһ٣ԴԺɲ鲻Ըġ
һ򲻷ģҲʹˣĶԼˡˣͲߣֻܴӴ˵˲ڡ

Ҳ뿴ǡʵ
ӺãôƢ˵ɫ󣬱ǺݻҲ˵ȫĸ磬Щ֮ءⲢǱʾƢûеߡ
ϲĺͳʻ᲻Ļʵıϲ׽֮Ҳ˴ɫ

ѵ뿴ǰֵ
ΪθողҾܾʲ⡣
ҡҡͷû˵ݷţˣʱ㵱һڻؾݷٽͻȥúǴ˭أ
뵽ô࣬һʱ޻ǡ

ߣҪξܾأֽŵƽźѾͷΪβգȻҪǣ䱳ԭ򡣶ԭ򣬹˵νҳ󲻿ĴӮüͬ飬Ҳ֪˹ķҲۣû̵Ůӣܶٻֵġ
ݷǺˣҲȷ׽Ҽбľ˭Ը͵˼ҵ鷳ȥأݷ˻Ϊ㣬ѿ𣿻ᣬҲѡԶ㡣
ߣо仰˵ĶԣϾļҡ㲻գ˵˽£Թĸ֮ˣֻأ
̫࣬£²òһ֣˼ò೤һ硣

ôƣѹû뵽ȻΪãһ֮벻Ķ뵽ˡ
ĬĬأ͹źҰɡ
ֵȻߣ࿴ġ

࿴ңɻ࿴ʲô
ܼ࿴Ķˣû˵ܻûĨںֶһ٣У㡭ͣ¶ȻȫûǷ룬ת˻ͷ֮ǵ̷˵ã档
ʲɺЦôС۵СƵġ

ֵһأǴ̽ϸΪպλ̵档
ʵǶġ
ò˵˵ȷ㣬룬ŵĺ

𣿡Ŵüͷšô
ʵڲ뿴ǣòװˣ˼ӣǰֱںңһһʱʱ˿̽ĸоҲʵܡ
Ҳʮͷۣ룬²ֱӸ˿ڣҸʱ˽˵˵˾㵽Ϊֹ㶮ãʱ˵׵Щ
ĿǰҲֻˡ

ݸŮʮɫʵѾͷˣԷλнź½塣
Ȼȴֽ˻˻ͷš
ŮԣȴҲδʡ˶ֱϾ˸УҲ飬ȫȻյĵϹϾָվ⡣

ʻΪʱ򣬰˼˰ҹðҹζ࣬ڶձȥ֡
밲ݷ˷УȴһƬңŮСǽͣҴʰ
ôˣ
֮󣬰æʵ





22.     ׽Щ


ôˣ
֮󣬰æʵ

ãҪȥйءŵӣ˶նʵոմϢϷ˲ˡ
Ϸˣ
ȫû˵ˣ֣ҲĿ¶ãȻǰݸУδϷˣЩʱҲȻʣҲһһĳѹ
ĺȻĳϷˣ

ݷбϣ֣ʹȥĸЩݼլΰ֮£֪ĴȥˣǱ㼱ˡȥѲϢҲ̫ġ˼ʹˣ¼ݼҾô̫̫ˣһ£޷үȥһǵȥһˡ
Լĸе㲻ĸżĲУʱĸߣüţĸȴȫӾظż
ֻǡ
Ŀ¶ǣ㻹ûأ·ϿҪҪ߰

ݷ΢΢һЦһ޴󰭣ŵס̫̫Ǳȴܵ飬򣬽ף˪ѩʱٵ·ӵҲ߲ˡԳ»·㾡
ʵͷ

ݷ̾˿Ҳ֪ôˣݸ겻ҵˣǸģӶģǰ䣬Ƕ̫̫һĶˣ㣬ݸҲŲһֱһһѣԺݸвˡ
æ֮Уæ˵ʲô

ȴЦݷ˷˾ø׽ҲԵݷ˵Щ˵ϣʵұҲǲģǰҲ˵Ҹøвʣýʡ
λְˣҲ˵һΣﻹСۼ
ʳ尲ӡ
ʱ˶Ц

ʴսݷһ㣬һݷ˵֣͸Ѿˣõġ
ݷ˴ӽӵϢǧͷģĽѣôһɲ٣ҲǣΣİ£챣ӣҲġ
Ů޶ǺãĶ£ĺܣӣģӲ˵Щ

ݷʵ֣·Զ·Ͼ͵һ£δ̫̫˴ȥûи겻ܻءԭܺڸж׽׽ǲˡ
Ҳû뵽ս죬ȴôٷ룬ɫЩȻ

㣬ߺݸסţʲô£һƹܼҺͼλ˶ԣԻΪ㰲š
ʵͷ

Ⱒθڲãʳе㲻ġҿŵ㡣ʱҲȥ߶߶һҵ˽ġ밢ֺϣһĸð価糹Ȭأһߣģǰˡ׽ЩպһǼλӦģҰ䡣
ݷ˵

Ϊϲӣ踣Ѿûʲôˡݷ˺ЩȴΪʴ㣬һů⡣
Ȼȥ߶
ȴһ޵ģܵ¡

ʵϣݸЩӣȥ߶һǴݷȥʱ˳ȥһ棬˵ллȻȴʹӵ⡣
ʮֿʣæˡҪ£¿ɴΪת
ֻ߿
һΣתǴüͷ΢š£ǰȴδʣɫҴңת˲ʧ





23.  ͬ   ŸС

ݷ˸˵껰ȥж˹ܼҵ˹
ϢļվҪʱȣʰҪţѾСæָͣתһȥһȥҪŲմˡ

밲ֶһۡ
ð˵Ҳ֪ζٸңֻ֮Ժ顣

ڶգǰڳ
ǲִٳУණδñȫȻԵĺȵõ˵ģҲװ󳵣ټ˵·;ңԶʱֲݷ˴˲ʹӣټϻұһмʮˣƺƵ
վſС
ȻҲˣݸȺվšǰ治Զͷı䡣

ݸ˵һμ档
ɫпɣɺݣԼ廹δȫԭ
෢ʣĿһӶ΢΢˵ͷǴк

λˣؾǶ˺ˡǴҴҴ棬δģһ˱ݷЩʮò
Բ߶ʱʱЦ⣬֮͡˸߱ںˣ۾ŵ㲻ԵɫȻ
ôһȻ֣λɫ죬ȴйͨһ㣬ǱǶׯ񣬳⡣

һֱŸСӤСޱţʵʵ˯㡣һվŮ
Ů£ҪԴһЩŴ磬֪ݡ
ݰǰ鱨ݸλС㡣


վȺУǡδͬˣѩ£ȴϵӣ浽һ
λأ֪ǽʲô֣ײס

Ůվеˣţ˵ͷյһ𣬵˵֪˵ʲôЦԴǸСǸͷ
ĽĿš
˺ȻƺоʵĿ⣬һǡʱݷ˳ˣջĿ⡣

˵Ļݷ˷ֱ˵ձ㲻ٶԣ˵һ·˳磬ӸŻ
ݷ˵ͷĿɨˣϣ䣬˵ϣĪ⣬Ҵȥ֮УĲӡ
ǰһһݷˣġĸױأ·չ˺Լһ٣ֵĸ念Ը龩䵱ȥӭӡ
Ȱԡݷ˵̫̫Ҫ棬ռ˵ǻһղӦ㲻档Ҫ˵Ҳǡ
ʱˣĸס䵭ݷ֮

ݷ˲ٶ˵ȴȺѰңҵʣֽʹȥСʣˡڸԹԵİ
ݷˣԹԵͷһ·ƽڸе
ݷЦʵͷһߣһ׮ŲµľСʡ䣬պҪտЩСʣ֪
̧ͷ䣬ʹ

ɫףϽֵһж׵óˡݷ˱ͷת
ݡ
죬ꤣݷһУӱˣ뾩
վԭأͣ֡
ջûôǿҵĸоݷԶȥٿȻӿͷŨҡ̶ʱദݷ˲飬гᣬۿ
ܿޡôء
Ǽ˶ûء
ӣŬסһͷȴĿ⣬ע۾һšĿʶʱһ顣
ޣ
ʱͷȥƴգۣȥ

ˣȥɡ
нԶʧҰ˵
ݸ˱׷׽
۲תʣһлҪ˵еӤȴȻæȥæʵͷ䣬ʹȻطɣԺʹ˵
ֵ䣬ʹĽ˳ʹȥա
ԱϣӤȥˣæԺȥ

ЯʹǸں롣
Ůһߡ̲סȻҲע⵽ʣſڣȻͷԴǸŮʣдŵ棬΢΢һЦСŮȴ䵭ͶһƳԴŮһƶ
ͷʹӸϣӰܿʧ

ǽȥɡ
ֵʡ
ջĿ⣬ߣȴǰһվˣһ˸ֶ·ڵ
æ߼ǰӯӯ˸
͸硣
ͷ߰ɡ
ҪȥЩȻЩϲ˳·һͬȥҲͦõġ

캮ѩٳδھ԰дɼСѲѩ·ʪЩطɱ㣬ȥֱ򻬡ߵСˤӡ
䲽ƽȣ䲻죬ȻȳӴٶȲܿ㽫˦󡣺ԣתһ˽Ų

ʸ䣬ࡣôһվ߲ɲֳ
޳ͬбͳͣ߳һͷٻ廹δչվһһͷһͷֻӰһһ̣һŸСá

ţ̲סͷĿһۣĲźƯŵζ
Ҫһֱôĵ߻ȥô˵еֵֹģȴֲ֪οס
󣬻ȿڡ
ڸлסĹ𣿡ʡ
ʵͷȻߵġܺá
һ
ʵЩ𣿻ںҩ𣿡
šںȡ
Ҳںҩҩ̲ס֪̾ҩӺʱǸͷ΢΢һ̾ʵкúóԷ𣿡

밲ָ󼸲ԶǰԻЦֳ²˼΢Ц°ڰ֣ʾ޷ǵһ빫˶Իͦ˼

üͷš
ˡͷ䣬һ˵θڲãǲԶ𣿻ǶϿζأԵĶ𣿡
䲻òͷʣȴ红ͯһһ䣬ֻСڳ衣Щֻͨݷ˻ʣ˸ݷˣȴ˸СȻеЦԲصţûθڡ

ҪúóԷܳءʳģǾһɡ

俴һۣǰߡ֪˱Ի߳һ·
ţʺֵ͸磬ǲǺæ
һƬҶ֦ͷƮ䣬Ʈͷϣ֣һҶߣһôˣ
Цˣҡҡͷûʲô

ʱѵٺԷſڣǰˮŲ΢ͣ½Ų䳯ٺԷһۣȥɡ
ʺȻ·ô̡ݷһߣ޶ЩģҲ֪ΪΣʱָо·ܼЩ
ţлл͸硣ʵ͸ټ

ͷ뿪
˳ǰľԺ˳·ƽӺǱߣ߹Ĵָ
仺У߳һΣоʲôδͣȥ
ֻʻվڰٺԷſڣδȥע뿪ķЩģͷжʱһ֣˻ӣ·õĳ㣬ⷽȥˡ

عͷü
ȻոǰͱݷʱȻۿĻǼ⣬Ȼۡ벻ᣬԼҼ˶δǰġ
ʸոյ
ǼĽ֯ŨҵĲΣ

ȻڵС԰𣿡
·Ӧָ˭æǰ
Ϊβ俴һ۳¡
æ´ʹʹҪ£ûͨӲһϲ˴Сıˡ
ڼʱǴʱ䣬˴ţЩ겻֪˾֮ţǸмλˣûҪ£ҲסȻλ˶֪ƢԣáҲûʹˡ

ԺҪ
ܺʱ
䵭






24.  V   ºһ

صٺԷ, һҲ֪ʱݷߵδˣ, Ҫôãɼ·;ңԶ, Ƕգ֪ݷԲԵ

, ˾ͻȻ˰ٺԷ
밲æӭ
ݷƽҲ, Ͼĸ, ڸʱСܹ黹ǵ, ⵣӱҽϡ

һӣзԲ󣬽֮ݷ, ӸһЩ, ݷУȴ֮, ˲׽ӽ
, һ˺ùŻƹܼ, ЦҲ, Ϳ߻ȱȱʲô˲ڣҲԲᵡпɷġ

æĻ, Ȼĵġһů⣬ݷ˴õģִ֮䣬и
ֻƽ²࣬ɶֲţʲôܵĵطʹֶൣЩ
ԭأЩ󣬱磬һ·һʱز绹ҪģЩʱգЩ嶼ЩˣһԶٷúʶһ¡

Цż˵歶̶Ͳ࣬ԺԶ߶߶˴˶顣
ʲһ룬歶̶Ů

֮˵Ѿ֮¡ݷҲȻԼҵѾˣݸ㲻ΪѡѾͷˣСѾͷСˣԺ
˵ÿؾţѡ

ʺô£ȴʾⲻҪᡣ
ĿСŮţʱ򣬿ѷֳݷ˿µģ˸뿪㽫ߣʲôɣЩסûΪѡ
еʧźЩϰȫֻȰ²ᡣ

һ뿪ˡ
ѾСվԺȺԸһٺԷ壬ǰѾͷ㹲аʹˣԺվŵҲô¶
ǰڱʱ߱㳣ֻЦģһȴϰ밲顣ȻôˣЩϰߡ
ݸǼλǸļūײԼҵġԼҵλĺܡ

պҪ취ߣΨš
ǼģĿΣҪЩڹʽˣɰһִòʲôѾͷ㽫ɷͷ۲Ϊ
嵹ҲѧˣԾɹģ»

ʴʱ˼طŮ֮󣬲档
歶̶ˡ
ǶڸأôӲǳǰʱǳ֣Ǽд˲úմȾϢѰȻҲδǵĸ硣ȻʱԼû

ʺڴټ档
Ѿܾúܾûͬˡ
ȴҪֹ̫ۣλС㣬λһ粻ʶ
ôһ˵ʶʱήˣȴòܡݸļҷ֮Ӧѩǰ㽾ݶ񶾰ɡǸСģӦ歶ƺ̫ദģ

֮أֵ£һ²һ£ǰֽЩá
ЩĶ룬ץץ䣬εĪ˵
¹Ķãţ˼ٺãҲӦԷԾ鷳£ؼǱ֡

󲻹ǰһ֮أҲóԸ´ͷ
΢ḧٺԷŶΣĳ֮Уһҳƪ¡
պСԺ徻ӱ㹻
⼸УҪ֮±塣һеĸ

УϷ㣬ʱԭеһЩĲðᣬֻ˴ͷһֻСӡ
ֿһһ鿴õıóá
ʹȥæ

ϰ󣬼δ¶ûǱðĳõЩֻСУװʮӺϲһЩ
װ̥Сɰĸ͵«һҤյһֻѡ
ۣ
ʷһöȻҲڡ

ʴСһֻСϲ ƣף״ԼʳݣУɵתתȥ
Ϸ˸ģԵúܡֵ
ʵͷСɰĿתһЩ˼Ƭ̺Ц㶫԰ɡ
ֵ

ʼҪ壬ϳҩһʳϸҪԺúȺáʳṉ֮̀ԪҪԲԶ
СܰԣܳԣʵʵСè˼ҵСҲҲԣӤʱڱιʲôʲô㡣
ĸ˼ַ任ζԴһ㣬ʱȥˣö֮ĿȾ

ĸйأɵȥϲصΪһЩߡֻСɰ֮һƯʵãܵϲ
ĸĹǮߣƴˣλ㲻˽洫ڡͷܱʳס˽ЦԣʳµǸء
⻰е٩Ȥ֮⣬ȷʵϱֳͬ˵ʺ£ССͱܹĵܳԵĶ

ʳϲ⣬ڷԼ㶫ȴ⵽˳ЦۣԵģ㶪ۡ
ֻýϴС

ʵⲢʲô˵£ฮеĸԺﶼһСʹǻЩ򵥵ʳ˻ԵԼԵĶȽϷ㡣Ͼһղ٣Ҳܶٶټ˿ζ
ѩ緿б㱸ŵĳʣ´ȥĸѡ

ʽտ˼ԪˣҪʳǱȻݸʳ䲻ԼʱԼԵģ񲻸㡣
ÿҲеġ

Ӧÿ԰ɣҲʮȷݷ˵Ӧƽ¡
ȻϣԺóԶ࣬㳤ֵ㣬һȥʻƹܼҡ

ƹܼȴˣʹǸзʳϿζ
æ֣ǲǡ
һԽͣŪЩ˳ҵ´ʱˡ㣬ˡ
ƹܼȷϺ󣬷Ц޷޷ϲͺá߽ŪСʲôǵ
ǵءˡ
ƹܼҶԼΪȣˮ֮Ĵʱ䣬Ҳ⡣ֻǹҪʲôǱȡáͷûеģŵӣͷǡ

ƹܼߺʱȥȡˮ̿¯
ŮǽЩ棬֪ʻЩʲôһۣĿ¶м

ʲôأ
°ͳ˼δˣЩںҩʳζЩ򵥶ˬİɡ
ȥʲôõʲôɡʵ뷨ȥһˡ

Ƭ̺󣬰ִŮأȡһЩףϣаֻõ
Щϲ࣬ţպҪٲա
á

ʸ߸˵Ĳ鿴ʳģͷָʹŮʼ¯ܹҲȥ𴦣˸磬ϰ֧̿¯
Ǳ̹ףϸ΢ɫѡ֮ġϴɾտСӨ㡣ûߣʱ㽫ֻ˺˿ЩͣΣͣͣ׵ϣ˸򵥵輦˿

óԣֳЩ޵δܺúܺá
ԼҲԵͦ⣬̫ˣԺʲôʲôˡ

밲ֽһųԸĨޱ㡣
ŶƤʣµ׺ͰֻȻ͸͵ȥɡ

ЩɣӸ룬ýӽֻ²ܻӭݷ˵Ϊ䣬ΪʣӦȥ߶߶Ĳϲ´α㲻ȥűˡ
һ룬ͷһ

ʱ밲һֻʳȥס

ӣһԺ䣬һԺСԺ˴Զϱ빬ʱ빬󣬱ϱ߿˵ţסһסʮꡣ
ռ磬԰֮ơӣиΪϲժҶȴһֱδȡ֪˭ͷС԰

߽С԰ĿɽʯСˮȣͥԺС԰бڵ͵ıԺ䣬һ羰ĽСǡԺŴƬ÷ ֦ͷѩǣԼɼǵĻǶðۼ⡣
ʢ֮ʱʤ

ʱ߱߿·СͣԺ⡣
ſżʹӣʣæӭ֮ǰδʣȴҲ̲³ݡϴʱ»֮⣬ȴԸλʹۺʱ԰㲻ҵ

ʹáˣ
һۣеŵƣȴδӰӸ𣿡
˹ӳȥˡʹӵ
򴽣Щʧû뵽˸գȻڣôȥأæ
˵ʱ𣿡
Ӳ
ʵͷ㲻ʣʾⰲֽʳнʹӣֵǹ࣬úŲЩӳ
ʹæ˫ֽӹ
˲ڼң˾ʱתȥ

һʱҹɫأ¹𽥳˯˼䣬һϮɫֺɫ磬޳
ȥ˴£Щڣһֱʱ
뷿У߽߱⿪磬˳ֽʹӣڣڼ䣬һҾӳͷѾСɽź֡
ϴ˰յ裬ľ

ӦǣȴδӿҪȳԵ㶫ûԡ
ҲȫûԣǶӡӣˡ֮ڴһãڼ׼Щʳһδ
ҲûԣѼꤣŵû£⹫ӲδԵ٣ʵġʱҲǧùȥ

ҪڣһСǰڵӣʹЩţӿҪ
СǰŵǸʱӹʳкĵʹⶫֻ°ˣһ̫ҹθڲʳ١
ţȻþգţ㽫ѷС¯ϣСţʱ湫һӳԱԣҲ㽻ˡ

΢΢һ٣ȻЩ⡣
ʲôʱģ
С˴һʱǰӲڣʳбˡ
ͷû˵ģǲʲô£
С˻صֻ˹ڲڣʱ˵ʹְ࣬óŲӳЩԵûˡ
СǳźСˣƢԣͷ꾡ʱΡ

ͷûʣͷȲ衣
ЦʹģѵˣС㣬Щ֪ζΡӣҪ
ʳ⻰Ҳ̫ԭΪܾ˭֪ȴһš
һһϲС˽˹ϰϡ

ɫϸðľӨ͸˱ǡ֮⣬ʳлһС˺ⰴ˺һСȻѽʱ˿ź͵Ĺ󣬲壬ζ
˿ּ࣬һ˿׽
µһԣĹ۲ɫһ꣬ӻöߡ

üͷ΢΢һˡ
ȷʵеˣȴûθڣԶֻ˵֮ǰĳ˻򻹲֣ºĸãΪ⣬Ҳ֪˵˵ռȻˣ˳ա
û뵽ζ治

֪侹һ˺ȫԾθڲãϣ˶ʳ׼Ĳ࣬ȴ⼸ԵԼɾһˡ
µϲЦտһʰ꣬һʵӿɻҪõģ
ڰ֣ˮڣǰȡڣͷġ

ʹʰɾ˳ȥҲߵ⣬ԸȥԺ󵫷ʹغúźͳԵһ£
ʹǱҲΪʳģ·׷Ӧǡ

ȥԳϲҲֹ̬ȣʹ˵׼Լҹӵĸǡ
ܾӶʹмر𣬻ǿݵԵʰɡյķʳֻϹèӣֻҪʹ¹ֻԼڣҲܱȲǿҲǿĵȰȽϺá
ؼڣ븮û˸Ȱӡ

ЩʳǷʹ֣֮ϾһʹѡֻЩ棬ΪС㣬һСóաתһ룬Ӻ翪ţŮӵλߣʲôĶУϲҲͲΪˣڸ˽кη

ΣʹܳЩԵľͺˡ
ţڶգ±˸գϰٺԷȥʳС

һҹΣ˯˸þֻˬԹ緹󣬱Щʳιе
⡣

¹֣һ˵⣬ʳзϡ
æӹЦ򷢸С˷ʱɣ͵ܹصعһˡ
ᣬȴ̣С԰ΨհٲȻܹܵλͷ˼ĽһСүΪܹܡ

ЦȻҪġʹһƬ⣬ʵ˸м벻񣬾ա
ӯӯʱѽγϰߣֻǡ֪Էǿޣֻ΢΢

½ŵʵչ͵ʳȫˡ
ģʶʱ۾һ
ǧȷµ⼸ӳԵһˡԲ˵աӣƻеδ
ʶʱЦ

յգϡ⵭ϣվ棬ҵһοȻЦݣһ
ߣŷĹС㣬֪٣Ⱥͣƣַ顣ҵĹδ̫⣬ʱΪĳЩ쳣ȴҲδ̫עֻǸͲ󣬰ɵС
ǰһЦȴһʱƲۡ

ЦбڴҹƣһǴĵк¶ŽױݣʵȻ֮ɸһЦ
һʵʵӣƫЩúһ곤֪ξޡ
Ůῴۡ

ЦȻϲ͸˵ʲôû
û˵ʲôЦˣϲģմ
΢ЦʳдӰùԼš
ԺʲôóԵģһš°뿪Ц

ʴЦĵͷ
һ룬ʵ͸ϲʲôʲôɿڵģ
ʵˡ»صûʲôɿڵģҲûʲôرϲġƽһǳʲôʲô
ҲźĵطƲޣʵѰաֻøÿٽʳĶжϲã
ζϣﰮʲôʲôˣչ˹ӿζ
˵һζ⻹ö۲켸գҲʹ̫ѹʵ䷴
ˣͷ

³ͷһۣԺлмշҽһСһЩ

գƹܼұʰһæµΣܿ㽫ԱߵһöһСæգþϣһӦͳͳðȫ
պкҪټʱɰ켴ɡƹܼ˵

˷ܵСȥû뵽ĻϲͳԵʳ
Ժȥ
õģû⣡
гһϲͶ־·ҵһԳϲݽݷ˵ͣȴҾӹݸҲ֮У·ǳ԰ʳһ㡣Լһ֮أܲˡ

һŬóԵĶ͸ãİװֵģ

Ҳܸˣȴѵ̫磬ϲʲôԺĶܺءߣҲҪ಻˵Ҳ˼ҳﷹ룬²׵ϾС㡭
˼ѹûô࣬ŵӦţ˼ճԵɶء

̽ͷ̽¶ɫ漴ת뿪ص˷Уţ˽
Լˡ
ǣҪǿϣ˭ɫ

ԼĪʮ꣬ǴѾͷˡԲͨ쵰òΪ 
˵䣬Ĭ
˵ݸ治ð̲ס

⼸˴Թ۲죬ֻסģԵģõģһ޲һãСŪˣֱ붼¡
ݸ¶ʮѺãҲʮֿ
˸տʼ£ʸΪܿˡ¸ã˽ʾӣڼҲҲûɣŶݣҲǣ䲻ر׽ȴҲʮֿ 񣬶˱£ÿгкȣ˵ӹı̹ˡ

˵᲻ܾʹ˷֦ͷˣ˵ڻͣݹ߿ɾôһ˹һվ顭
һôЩ죬ɿݹϹٺԷһΣ
ûС
ⲻ͵ˡ
һԺ󡭡
Ǿ˵ˣ岻ΪȻֻ°ñɣºαضġ
Ҳǡ̾һ˵һԸݸء

СԺҲ£ȴ̫ˣҪʱʱ֣֮ȵݸ
ʲôһЦ㲻һλȥضܻүߡ
ıȵ
һڨڨסڣɫǡ
޺޵ûһö

㲻˵˿ˮɢ˭ʸ֦ݸģС㣬Ҳûȥ˭ӣԼ
Ҿ˵˵ﶼǣýȥﶼǣɲŪ
ʲô⸮סţû᣿СӣգǣǾû취ôߡ
壬ЦУģ⡣ף壬⼸ʲôˣԽÿˣŮˡ
˵ʲôء죬֪˵ġ彿Ҫ㣬ȴ̲ס¶Цݡ

һʱʱʱʼЩԵġҲûٶٶϾﻹһһһ٣رʲôԼ֡ϲжˡ
仹δʽָϳÿնæһЩͽʱڼҴʱ
һЩʱЩҹȥ
ʱϣʱˡ

䲻ڣʱ¶ֱȥǡڣʱȥһ
С԰˵˷ԸֻҪȻֱӱýȥˡ

ʵĵ˵һ΢΢ü⣬Ӧ·һȻ¡
ʽȥ󣬽ʳзŵһԣϡ
ȻЩηȴǵ־¡˺صʱദģͬһң޶ԣȴȻгǡôľס

ͨһæ̧꣬ͷʣָָʳУٲԾվȳԷ
ϰʳƫ嵭ʴСԹطζϰһ࣬Ϳ쵭ˣԼ󣬱ʵؿζͬǲˣȻ˽ⲡ˵ǰ裬ԿθˬΪ
θڲôõģҲθںתʳٶٶܳϸһ롣

ʹáһС˶ԳЦıʱһ㣬˵Էӱ㿪ԡ
ɲǣԵĲ١ЩūʡˡһС˵
˵ͷ˵ʹǸǣԺӱźš

Ǵ˿۰Ͱ䣬ʿˮ
͸磬ú𣿡˫۽еǣľż㣬֮ƶ
˵Ƥ

Ǹгý괺Ƶģ˰ٺԷһС̳
ðƤļ⣬ƬɱƬϴˮˮϴ飬ȥˮ֣жΣ뼦ŽͷСԼСʱŵ߲ˣΣɳ

еᣬζ壬ѪǿʣѡõļƤҲʮֽ⻬ԣ߽ϣˬɿڣƤڸˬ
ںĶһƤůֿθȥ˶ůġ

ǰʱʱϲԼҲʱгԲʱָ㣬Զɣջͷһء

ģһ˰룬촽󣬵ͷܺá
ʸ˵Цȵ㣬һѶġ
СӦĳ߶һһȫСĴСӦоСʽձѡ˸Դѣͷʢ˴

ͷãȵĽζȴԵôš
ԣš
ϲȻˡŸţȻһֶˡ
̧Ƥɨĸ
㻹ûԣ
ԹԹæվֱ˼סӡ
֮ǰѾȹˡ֮ǰҲԼȳԹƺ̫ãһαŶ䣬Եʱˮĳɺӣһ˵Ǹоʵ̫ˣ֮ȡѵÿζԵıٹ
ֻǽ̫ˬˣһżζ㲻ֲ˼֮С

͸͸ԣùҡ
˺һ㣬ſˮɰͰ͵˵
һȾҸǣҨ롣
󡭡
һ١
󹾹

ͷûס΢΢̧ͷʱʣкһЦ⣬
Һȹ˶Ǹġе죬Ͼӹ죬ʵе㲻ţһ٣бҪԽһ£Ҷ죬ΪǱġ
Ŷ䵭
ŶǱʾ˰ɡǼ⣬ϣӲҪ䳤
̫ˣºȲꡣֵ
ǡٺȣֳᣬͼסһ˿ϡ

ƺһڣ˫ɨϲŭѱ棬ҹԡһ飬ȣǲȣ
ɻôȴ֪һλˡ

ʽ֣ԥС˶ڴܡ
һ˵ˣ㶼ȶˣٺȰҹҪҹ㿴ĸŮԵãҪЦһ˵ѽԾͳ㻹ǸСڳ壬ŲȻҪѭ󡣳԰ɳ԰ɣ㿴㰡
һС˶Ӯˡ
գۣȷϣĺȲѽ
šޱ
ǺðɣͣͰһɡ˷ʳ˵
Ǳ̽һֻ

⣬ԺſڣݣߵѾߣķȥ
Ժʯϣʣ壬ʱɫһĶ

ؾض԰˸֣ЩƹܼԹĿһ¡
ֺɵĴ壬ϴЦֵūֲ֪Ըū澸㣬ƹָܼū澹ūҲû취ּ¡
Ҳ֪ƹܼҵģˡҲǫ̃Ϸ˱˵ɫ֪ˡһȥһ
ǡ
һ֮ʱ۾Ժɨȥ

ֻͨһӰͦһӰС磬ͬһ룬ůƵϣůס  






25.     

ʱֵ, 䣬һҹ亮Хѩ׷, 캮ض˲̤ӡ

ſڴǰ, Сƿһʱ, ŵѩ⧲, ۱, ˸硣
ҵСڣ
ָϽϣ뿪ߣ㶬, ɳİɡ
ƲƲ졣

ѩһգһգ㲻һֱڷ, ЩġѩƯ, ´Ҳ޷Ⱥѩ, Զѩˡֻ̫, Ӳ, θûꡣ
ֵǰͷ, ҡͷⶬû죬ѩµġ
ѩ׷ꡣʵ 
Ըɡտǲͣ, ϱЪ°ɡ
͸𣿡ָŰϵС¯˼ʱ磬ԭŰѩͣ˭֪һֱ¸ûꡣ

ɲܳȥСıˡֵ룬ˣϧˡ򷢸Ѿͷȥɡ˳Ǳһ⼸һֱȲͷȥˡҲˣ⼸վЪЪ
ֲۡʵ
⼸ȥС԰ѽγϰߣÿ棬ڲܳȥ͸˵ʲôƵġٸɰͰڷУʲô񲻸ġʿʼƻ⼸յĲ˵

ֽʳװãȥ˸ݸŮһ
ŮʳУŰɡȥ

ԺţȻŲŮͷҴ׷
һЦ⣬ҪȥС԰ҲǣĲҸأô죬нһˡ
Ů¡Ȿū澸ġ
Цô˵ֻϾҵĹЩ¸ǶЩġƽҲݸĸλӦ䣬ȥɣȥһˡ
⡭ȥɡŮԥ

ҿʲôƣˣϽȥ˲裬ȥһɡ 
վڷѩУһ㴵Ļ䣬˭ҲԸҪ߹ǺߣƵġŮԳɣ֣㽫ʳн֣Ǿͷˡ

ǵڶνС԰ϴаڣֻҴһƳ˳ԺС֪ŮּʳУҲʣͿĽȥ
ߣӣʹѣͷĪЩš
ſڣȴǷŽգһƬڰ
פ㣬

һС˴ӹսǴҴҹһ֣ʹͳԵˣ
ͷ
СЦˡΪô죬ء 
Ӳ𣿹˵ҪȺء
ӻδС¯űǡ
ֻýʳнСˣʧת

ѩɡǰͷҴߣŴһײϣͬʱǳ⣺ô£ӣû¡
Ȼ̧ͷײ˸
ɡ䣬˴סˡ

һɫ멣ϵһΣüĿ޳ǵصķѩ֮Уֲѩĸ߽ࡣ
üմȾ˼ѩĿ⵭Ͷ

Ȼѣѩæ־ȥãū澸ײ˹ӡ
һǱһۣüͷ

ͬʱѸԽ񵲣һ£ƣһƣĲ۵Ķ
ƽ㳣ЯЩʱڸ£㲻ЯճСʵƽõĻᲢ࣬Ͼû˸ĶΡû뵽ԼԺУ֪ð֪ߵغײ˹Ӳ˵
ϴ֮£°ֲɵģȻһʣָ塣˪ȥһƬѩ

屻ֱºһƬ˵ڵأɫҰףŵ˵
С춯̽ͷһæܽ
ӣʹߵŮʳеġ
Ŷ³ɡ
æ𣬲ū澡ȷǡʡŮײ˹ӡ빫ˡū澲ǹġ

˵Էģ˽䡣ƢԺ͸йأŮӷŵľֹٲһطʹǱߵģȴòЩ
ɫ䵭ⷽɨһۣˡ
Աϣ̧ƹ壬ͷҲصĻС
üæȥֻͷС˰ڰ֣ʾ⽫˸ϽŪߡ

Ӵ󰡣ӾȻû׷Ҫ˱ˣһٴˡССˣϽ߰ɡ
Щ㱣Ų鸡С˴Ҵҳȥ
ɡѩȲ֪

С԰ƻǷ׷׹ź´멣ȥѩµĻ£ˮĵˮ衣
Ҳȥ񣬽СߣԼ˲裬ݸ䡣
ϣ˿ڲ裬Щշѩʵ̫󣬺Ƕ·ϣ;ϣͬС
ӣ䣬ϱЪ˰ɡ
䲻ÿɷ
´ţʳй
ʹģȵġ
áڳɡ·Ը
ʹǰڷʳ꣬ոſһĻڵѾͷʹߵģͲСˣ㡭ðʧԭ˵ôôûأٵڣջǸˡ
ʹû˵
½ŵҲû˼ððʧʧźʹ
ʢãף±סڣ
СȻǱߣ⼸ղͶ
æǡʵ㡣ջʳʱ˳ʹ˵
һƬףŮʰոջµҪȥһƳȻʲô¶һ㲻ײ񣬿ڵǴ멺úϴϴ
ŮæӦǡ  




26.     

ᡣ
һǳһŻصٺԷ, ƿסķ䡣
ڴϣСӣޱ, ྐྵӡæʵ, ɼˣ

˷˽˽, һ, ̽˽, ϲã, ڸһһһһУ֮䣬Ҫ޾ϸס
ڶµð, ʾһԺס, ܿšһʮּ֣Щʱ, Ǿ涼
շѰᡣ

ѩ, ͷ, ϰȲ˼ڣϴ, סӣ̲סɪɪȻ˫ȴ, ȼܻ档
˵ѽɼˣߴٵ
ͷ
ѽΣ
շ죬Щ㱣૵¡
Ŷ˿ŹӣЦǶõģ⾩ǵһӿɼ鴫»ػȥҲۼ

ĻﱻϣȻҪݸ
ʲôɻ󲻽⣬ϻزҼǵ˭ôĺȻıˣ壬徼ӣ۽΢΢һͷ㿴˵Ķһͷ۾찡òᡭ
һĬɡ

⡭⡭Ǳô죿үأҲˣ
μ°ĺãҶ٣ӣߣġ
ϻʱ߳ɲֳͬǱ벻м

壬սʱԶɽ֮ԺеѾͷżɫ檵ĳŵֻǺþ˺ܿ췢üȥ巣ȥ˴ʹѾͷ
Ψĸ֮ǴӣȥֱߣЩʱɣٶǰԵ

ֻʵųĺȴΥĸװ֣һֱȷ𸴡ȴֻšȫϣţٲãҲͨѾͷֻҪôݣԺûз֮գϾӶмġ
Ȼռ䣬ȴȻ˼

ͬǾɣ£ȻòǣŸɣȵȣ˼ֱ֮ǰֻ䴫ţΣˣ֪˵ˡ
ľܣԣֻһ˵ͨѾͷҲԸ⣬Ҳǿǧ򱶡ңֻҪԺ¶ɴӳ顭
ҪһҪ

⡭ֱĿɿڴ˰Σɱˣݹеһ֮ƣȴһɲĳƺţ顭
Ųɾšҽռмģɷ֮ˡƳԶͬʳӰһӣ˿ᡭ

ֵŮɫΪİɣᵽһŮ춼ޡ
ȴһЦŮ|ɫΪ壿ϳ˶|֮⣬ôûǸŮ˰ˡ
´壬Ȼȷʵòݹӿ۸ڶƣ㡭
岻ˣ֣ͷСӣһߵȷˣɶЩٹ˼ҵС㣬һǣֵĺ˭Ŀݹӡ»ôҿɲš
ǣһʧˡ
ͫһһʧ֣ˡ
ᣡܣ

ոſʱǵȻ飬Ǿ䡰ˡСǾп
УŮкģüͷһ壬㻯һģxiong|ǰĹң֮Ůţмֵܵ뵱ֻʩ|ӱ겻ᡭ
ͦͦء
뻢Ѩɵûӡ
ҲΨһĻᡣԺ̤֮
ʶӵֶΣò֮ɣģ½˵˼

ݹӲȥǱֲǣܽӽݹأ
Ҫץλᡣѩһʱͣˣ⼸취ˣͶȥ
һ﷢أ

ߵΣκҲã˱˸У޿ģԸñ֪ĵλ㾡ԿɡߣСһΪ塣
ݹӻ᲻ᡭʱȥݹӣɼݹӶмرġ
Բ˵ãݹӸǶرǸ֮ˣ
޺޵Ǻʣ˶ЦϲӣرƵȻʲôɱ鱩֮ˣʺأⲻʲô

úúãģ壬պ㸻ˣһҰ
ϸüһȻ֤ĺġ
üЦڵҰѸ֬۸㣬ɳˡҪ϶ɹ

ڷߴߴΣ˰գֱĺ棬·ܿٻ֡
Ȼʦδ
嵹˵һؿϡ

ǲΪϡ





27.     

ǲΪϡ

һֱڷ, ͷѩȴů紺ǰ, ʶţҲഩЩ, ҹźޱʺҹ㳣, , һζ, ϴ˸衣
һϴҹڶվͿʼȡ

ϴϴ, ̣ǲɿɣºˣֺ޺޵
ڱѱ߶˴գ, ޿, ̲סڵॸ˵Ҳͬѽ, ˵ů, Ӧû¡
ҡҡͷ, ɫתΪûڣ, ңõġ
ʼæ, ֣û㡭վֲ˭ҩ˾ͺ

ǰŸոնҩ˭֪һգֳ⣬ҽʿҩֿʼˡ
ҩҩҩ
ʱӵһ壿ʱеԼǲģ²ܿơŹǰһ⣬ĸƴȫأܻţ㹻ˣаֱԹ
ţгһգܻ

Ҫȥҩһƣȴúҩ˰ɣţūȥȡ
˵ҲӦߵߵܳȥˡ

ʶһۡ
սʱ£ʱǰΣʸ󣬵ԾÿˡȴȻ
ǰվһΣԵöʲʮֽӡ

ʶʵ޺øУ˽⻹࣬ȴҲ֪ĵزƣƲ磬ڣָû¡
Ҫ罫߲Űġ
еĳˡ

üûź򣬳ȥɡ
վſڣЦùﲻԸūǡū澾Ѱ˼ﲡˣҪæġףЩ⼸ûúóԷ𣿡
ҿϵСӣʳõСƿӿտҲʱٵЦʧû

߹ȥһĿ֣ҪҶĶ
忴ȥ⻰ǰʱҲʹôԼԣʱû˵ʲôƲƲˡ
ʣǺ⣿ιء
⼸շȣʿз࣬θֻһԸеĳԼʲôҲδ

֣δ뿪˼˵ūȰﻹ㶫ɣԼԣҲҪݹӡ
ʲһ֪ᵽ䣬ûɾ
ɻ󣬵ʲô˼

Спԭôһˣöòǡס£ִ֪磬ǣ˼Ҫ׽ֺһ㣬֮ݹӼϲԹĶվһЩǡĩˣһʣ¶ЦԼ⣬ԼԱԱ㲻ɱ̫Լˡ

ʱֻˣѱкǶ˻źòǣһʱ  
ǰٻе˼ݣүֻҶŰֲ˳޼ɵ޿ˡ

屧ֱۣӷԸūһ㣬ͣһָɡˣūһ㣬͹ȥţͰɡūȥȡ
ˣһֶҩһֶŰףٺЦū´Ҫã˳ִˡ
˵϶ֺһЦ˸Ͷ
Ⱥҩūס
ùףʾ㽫ҩ˸ʡ

ʼֱҪЦˡ
Ȳ˵С԰ǱߴЩʱղͷ¶⣬κ˽ʸǿʱֵõһѾͷָֻţԽˣ
ϲһˣʻޱ¶ϲ֮飬һˣҲ޷ӭ嵽ݸʲδˣֻҸڴ˱ǣ˭֪˾űԽˡ
Ϊūʳô󣬻ʶ

Ѷ£ǳȥʺȵ
£űӣƽδ˭ôɫһվԭء
üͷʣͨ죬ͷɣƲһЦӴСèˣС㰡ⷢмˡóȥūǳȥǣȰˣ쵽ʱ֣ɱ𵢸ݹǱߡ
ȻԲ˷

Ҫ˵ȴİθŭڿݹݹӣʲô⣡
ֱϾһ㣬ֱ̬Щ£ֻǲţѾͷĵӡ

΢΢һ㶣ȴûڣ޼ɵЦ㿴ˣмɫ֡ԣҾʹءǧѷĻᣬ֣Ź𣿻һѣ˵ԺһܰŹء
û뵽徹ˣķ֪߳ܵĶ㲻ҪǼҹﻹҪءȥ
˵űȥе׺͹

֣ЦŲҪҪ!Աϣ˰һš
֣ʴӴЬҲδһ˫ȥſ֣
סʣһȭȥǧ֮ŭ
С㰥Ӵһҩڵأһأֳ壬һѾסͷ
ʹɿ˳һƣƵĵڵأ׺͹۵һµڵϣƬɢ

׳קסʹһٺݺһƣʻȣļڰߣæ§ס
ͷ޺޵˭أݸݹӣˣ

˫ĿԲŭգҪȫֻԼǿ׳
һз̫죬Ӷֿʼ֮䣬ڱҴҸæʣͼվſڵ춯ȴȻͣ£ֻһӣ

ͷս꿳ӰſڣŹ⣬üֻۣһ㵭⡣
仺룬ſһ٣Ŀɨ档
ʱһƬǽ壬ҩŮɢƬؿһŨŨҩζ

ǽϿǰ
Դ˴סˡ˶δ뵽Ȼһʱ䷿һļž
һʱͨһ£ڵأŵݡݹӡ

δţ޳ӰվǰӸ£΢΢ĿʣԼվ
ͷۿ죬ĿԳɲ

һֳֻǰ֣䣬ɫȥƽ޶ϲŭѱӣξĻȻ

Ȼֻȴʵġ
֣ץסƣֲסϴͷĺģȴָ֣סʵ֣ǿƶĽ






28.     


ˣ
佫, վȣɿֶ֣, ʵ
ʴϢҡҡͷ
ʱͷżһСð, ͷɢ˫, վڵ, Ǳ, лŷŭ;̵ȶ

ҪҪţʡ
ʱɣҡͷ, ֪Ҫʲôһƽ͵·δǰһĻ
Ǳ㵽һš䵭

ַӦæʵ£˿Ҳ˲ô, , ʹš
ʹֻ룬һգգĶ䡣

䵽齵һ, ҩζŨ, һ۳, »⣬Ͻеٶٹ, Ŵ򿪡
ͷС˳ţ𣬹ʿ͸, ҩζɢϹŰٺԷļŮСˣͷأ˸

ڵأɫҰף̧ͷʵû뵽Ȼʱײϣ׺ʱģ٣ðתɿ˼α粵ءѾͷٴĴҲӦӦὫ
ΪٳٲǣֵȺʱֱ̼һ١ԤС
ѾŻˡ

͵͵̧Ƥ֮ǿԿֻɫѥӣѥ΢ʪ
һδһȴһɽѹֻ͸ŵŰȫȻ̲סսս̧ͷ䡣
Ŀ俴
ֻ˫˫Ŀ·кֻһۣ˲嶸ȻһƺţɲΪ֮ǰȻΪһ̣嶸ȻʶĴ
Ҳûдֻֻˡ

ݹӣū澡Ҳѣʵڲܳܣͷһȣ̲סڡ
˵𡣡¸꣬·ϰ伸֣ʱΣºȵ졣
һ֣ٶٹСŽһ˴ӺѺס˫ۣʹ̧ͷһס°ͣҿڵʱžžž֮

ſڵϣɸӰ㷢
ֱʮ£ڳµʾס֣Ŀȫǣո߸ѪһƬ֣ȴʹҷ

ӣת䡣
綼δ⿪ɫĵüĿȻͻزˣ˶Ů·ϣûŹӣĻ|죬ƷԶӣӦɹãͬΪֻ϶һָʩСͣصŰл಻˹ﲻȱѾͷ

ɫ䣬ƽȻǻеϺȴ˲Ҳû뵽Ļᶼֱ´˴
ŮҪڣݶݹȴۼֿ죬ס˿ڱǣ䣬Сָ˲ϿѪɽ
巢һƵĲҽУ˫˫˹ȥ

ͬʱʾһ´ָʱЩŵ롰϶һָǺ⣬Ǹ˼˭֪̾ǰ˴𰸡
СָǰԶ
˲ס۾ĿҪһۿѪĳ棬ܲš

תһԣڰԣ۾΢΢üͷ˽˴ȥˡ
Ƴһ۳¡
æ̧֣߻壬ʰ档

伹ͦΣһַСϣʳָߵ棬ǳǳߵעʡ
ūȥݲ衣 Ȼع
أϱߡ

ʷ֣ɴЩ֣䡣
ӡ͸硣
ŵˣո˴ܲǺϲŭ

ʵ˲ᵽɤۡͷ壬һѽңȻҴܣֵףΪˣ϶ˡʱʱ˵һ֮ ѳ׼ʶˡ  γͷ
ҲҪһָݲͬӦڴˡ
ôӣ
ƨɻְģ
ʹ

һδƽһգգۣۿˡ
䣺

ȴɫСʵĹˣ
͸͸˳һϷū΢΢һ
˶ãҲͨһɣЩʲôСĵ
䵭죬ˡĲ

ϸɫȴѿвɻ󣬸ոǾ䡰Ļ족֮ԡѾ|ʵ̫ӣ޹أǵӣȥ޹⡣
СڱݣЩ¡ţȴվֹСԺУٽӴ£Ů֮¶֮УﶮЩ˼ǰֳʱû˵ҲʵĶ
䵱û
ǲԸǰ᣿

ʵڡū£ҪһֵùӼЦˣҲл
䲻ÿɷδ𻰡

Բ𡣡ʵ
䵭ģʲô
͸鷳ˡ
üû
ҧŴֵлл͸硣
䣺лʲô
ллæȻңҿܾͳԿˡʵ͵͵
֪Կעʣ΢΢һɹǱ˵ѾͷԸˡ
ңʵͦģûŻᡭʼֻǵ㣬Խ˵Խ͡סˡһڱ˼˴ܣҪ𱸣һ棬ܱˣȴδӮԼѾͷֻᱻЦҲԼûá

ţͲܿƵһƲһʪ⡣
䣺
üͷ׼ޡ
ʹգۣеûޣ
䣺Ȼ֪ԿΪβˣʴԼȵͷһ֮ˣȷ˿ɽС
ʹӵͷţ⻰һ

ֵʤȯգһսƾУһϽΪ֮٣֪ʵ⣬ȴӭͷӲϣ޴֮
ȻףȻеȴͬ
ֻ˷ѵסһ㣺ҪѧʱơʣЩģ˵ֱЩӮ򣬷֮Ҫ
ԡ
ʴĿ䡣
û𱸣ҲûгЦȻȴȫͬζڽӦ£
ңĸҲ˵䣬
ü
ĸҲң˵ùʹ򣬴򲻹ܡĸ˵ĸֱס
ڵĸǻۡ

Цȴۿȥ
䣺

ҪˣǷʤ˵ʲôǴҪǵСˮһüͷѵԳһΣʣʵתתȥȴһֱδϴЦһգգ䡣
Ȼоʲôһ˲ĳطȻˮЦݽȾ˰㡣
Ҫޡ
䵭ᡣ
ʵͷӣһӣѹȥСûޡ

ɫתҹ١Ű⣬ĿһɨӣĿǰǿϡ
ˮϴòݻĨշѪһĻѱɨֻ滹δ͸ǳǳۼ

ӼѪס俪ڵȥ᷿סţ°Ժӡ

һ»Ժӣȫû뵽˵ȻոһĻȷˣҲüجΣͦϲٺԷģôСԺ;úܺˣС԰Ҳ
Ҫ𣿻ỻȥ
е᲻á

Ҳ⣬δ뵽Ѫһȥһ˵ˡѪȷã˶»ԺӣʵЩ鷳ˣϾԼҡ
Ҫڣȴվ
նã֪ʱˣЪ°ɡ
΢΢չչۣȥ

ʰͰͿıӰ
Ȼ߻
޳վǰż룬ЩӸµζȴһɽסĺҹ
ʹűӣ΢΢̧ͷ
ټסһ㣺պ㣬ǲݸش𣺡ǡ
˵





29.     

շ罥СЩ, ҹƮСѩϸܵѩڽĺϣͬ֡
߻С԰ǰ, ٶںͷ˸һյ, ѩ·
·ϻѩδ壬ȥ֨֨졣

߻ƹܼ, ҸԺӡȻڵ
¼̻⣺ǡһ, ֵùܼʹ, ϲʲôġ
ʲôҪ󡣡һһ㣬С԰һЩġ
ǡ
, ȫˡҼضõġ
ǡڳµ֮СδǼݸʹӣպҲá뿪ٺԷʱѵԸˣȥܼ췣

ˣѱҹֱͳݸ, ʱ, ſˡ
̲סһ䣺벻ʹ߾ĶūΪĸײ, ˽˵ûôšҪǽǡɱײ, ɾ汻۸ˡ
Ѿͷǿ׳, ʹһһԲǶ֡

, һﲻ
²ɫҲ֪ͷſ, ˡǰլ֮£ֻ̽һ¡ӣҪҪϸ̽̽
δͣʵĵƹԼϣüͷ΢΢ţ˼Ƭ̣¸˵ȽԺӺ֮°á
ǡµ
֮££õ֪δ
æȻġӷģѽȥ
һף

ȴ̲סףֹ
л˵Դ㲻ͷ
±ЦСֻ룬ӽպЩ
ȷе˵ԴЩһˡﲻһҲ˵ܹլ֮£ȻԷԸԺ£ֱϡ

ֵʹﲻˣӴرЩЩҲӦõġǺǡ
һ󺮷۽΢΢𣬵УʱЩ
æ˵˵˵˵ҲԼˣǵ䲻ˣ²Ҳû֪߹ߣ΢΢ף˺һۡ

С԰磬̴ȥѩ
Ȼʲô˵ϴǼ멣Ҫˣ
˺һ˵ſڣײʱǼ

鲮
ţɹ

Զɽ³磬һ˳ԹѵһԶɽǫЩʲôһʣȴʳһӻ
ǲȥ˾۲ƷϰĶķ
ûûаǫĿ˸֧
ǫ鲮ĵӣݼФʱԶɽȻüȴ͸һḡ̬ư͵ӵܣѧݰ衣

𣿸ջ·ҵĹӣ˵Ǽȥ˾۲Ʒô˼ҲˣԶɽۡ
ôܣȻˣҹ˰޲ɢǫһͦţȻòԣȴѾˡ
ˣ۶Ĳ˵ѣԶɽȵ¡
ƽ䲻ôվһ֮ǫΣֻͶȥȵĿ⡣

˸ճԱ㣬⣬ɸֵƳ˶һۣںƳԶɽö˶˵ˣʲô硣ȥ𣿡
ѣԶɽŭǽжģ
˺ߵΣܱͷЩ꾫ĺã
ԶɽָָǫֿһŮֻҧվû˵ʲô
Ҫ£ǸŪ°Ϊǫϲڼô
£ȥԶɽ
ߣСƷĹٶҲв£˵ȥǫԺôˣ

ǫоλϮٺ»ʹҲʳǣȻͷأٻһ㣬λȴСǫѧʣƾ֮·вֻͨüԶɽְȨڳıһְٰ
ԶɽŬȡˣȻޣķʲ䵽ͷϣǫһֱڼңһѴ߻Ѱ֡

ʲҲҪǸ¡ӡ
δ꣬㱻˴ϣûˣǫȱ˲бµĵѣ
㣡㣡Զɽһһס
³ĲҶ޵һǫ𼱣ĸԻΪ·Ϊıְλʱ㣬ĳˣһλһǶ꣬޽޳
˳ǫ޼ɵ¶һĸһȭĸ׺šĸ׷ģĸʧɶȱȱôһᣬֻҪлᣬ˹Ŀ࿴ٺٺ١
ҵĶ

ԶɽҪŮԲܣվôһӣٻǱЩģۼԣһһͣŭģŭȵ߳ɸʺٲʰʰҿԼʲôˡˣüҷ
վӷ裡Կ
ѩæǸɶ
ǫֱ㡣
Զɽȥץ
æš

ɹʱͷȻ˵үˣˡ
ǰ

˵˴ϲɻô˵ˣҲǰкһֱŹţ߶Īˣ˵Ҳ˲öˣæ
ſȴСĵӰ˷Уһɣ˱˵ڵأſڵϣסͷ
ˣˣ

˶һȻˣʱһ⣬ôˣ
Сʮ񣬹񣬼λӺΪһС˷ڣԼҹӵĻһֲ©ת·ϣĻ졭ʩСͷһָصŰлȱѾͷ
ԱϣֵүʣǶ˱ǡ͵СǱˡ
˵ռ˾ôȥˡ
һ˵Ⱦɲ

ʱֻ˾СָضϣѪ֣ҲմȾ࣬ź޵ģʮ֯}ˡͣѪ˿ˮֱĿȫǡ
⣬⾿ô£
ԶɽĿɿڴ֪Ѿͷȥһ£֪ʲôע⣬סȥˡ

תӸոС˵ĻкܿĥЩζ˵ô£
ˣѻɢﻹҰҰ޺ˣң⣬
½ͷβȫг

⻹ˣ
Զɽֱģ֪ܵĶȶ۵£⣬պô䣡ڷŭһȴĶԲһ˦֣˵ɵĺ£ʰɣ˵˦ֶȥ

㲻סͷˮˣҴˣߥޣ˿
ɫҧҪһĻɫ
˼ֱû뵽ԼԺ˻𣬸ô̽Ϣû̽ȴҰġ˷۱ΣڹǱ㶪档
һ͵ѾͷФӣֱʧķ裡

ԽԽһ߹ȥߵڵأ糦޷ֻܷģܿ֫ãɿǫ£סǫ۽ǣ̧ͷء
ӣȣҡ
ǫһѽһ߿壬ͣţҵѽѪѪѪ̸˼˲ø˴кǺܳȥϴˡ

һԵһҧгݵ˼ͷȥ
屻ߣҺʧ

ѩڻعɼ˼ǣݹάʣĸף⵽ʲô˼ôݹӻ𣿡
˳ʲôҪң˸Ҷ˼Ҳ飡ݹʲôˣȻ಻ɳӡ
ѩ𣿿ɣԺô졣
²˵ݷ˻ò١⼸գøעЩ˴̽ڵ£йѾͷ£һ㣡

ڷȥ͸ŷЩȻ϶ѩ˵ݹӲ£Ȼȴ֪Щ򵥡
Ϊͽ˼ϲ˲̡һﻰⶼоʾ֮⣬⾯ʾ֮󣬺γǶʵһά

ѵѾͷ泤ˣ
䣬ݸĻģ

ͷأԾɴ⣬ᣬҲ޴ľС
ʲô˵ʲô۾ŵʵ
ƹܼЦ棬˵һ飺˵ùС԰ȥ

С԰
Ҫһס˼





30.  ʮ   ʮ

ȷе˵, С԰ߵĲԺƹܼЦ
ƹܼҽӵĹԺҪǣһҪҪС԰ȥҪıС԰ĲԺˡС԰Ժ, һһһֱš

С԰Ժ, ̲סȡ
ȷ͸֪𣿡ǵϲϲ˴š
ȷƹܼЦеӲͬ, Щš
ϾС԰ĲԺ, ȻҪ˵ƹܼӦͬ, ѡ˼طһȥ, 俴һֻۣԳָһ㣬˸ڵĲԺ

ʻе㲻ţϢ̫ͻȻˡʱ˵Ǿ䡰شǡĳһ, ˭ϽµĲ
һһ

, ֣ȥס𣿡
, ˲ѡȻŮб, Ϊϲ, 㱻Ҫһͬͬ, ˵ʲôյ£ٰС԰Ժ֪, һۺˣ滹˽£ϲҶκβ

ǹȸֹȥﲻ⣬ɡƹܼҾְ
⣬⣬ôܲ⡣
룬ʻ̲סֱһѡ

ԺС԰ԺȴȰٺԷ٣˺ü䣬ҺͺбáԺһݵأݵֲһøߴǾޱ㱻ѩǣô̻Ȼۼ
Ժ޺ȴһССˮǶգȴδסˮתˮǱɫͲУˮͲһ㣬ö֮ˮܶʼ

ԺԺһǽ֮ǽ߲мһš
վԺУǽ߹ĽŲ߹ţܽԺ
վűߣԺĲľˡ
ɢڷ·ĳ˫޴֮µĸоһְĺϲá
ʱ˿̣رر䡣

Ӳأȥϳˡ
ҲڣԺżСšЦġ
Ӵӽ𣬾ͿʼϳˣһŻءС֪
еʧȻתһ룬ϾͿԼˣԺÿ춼Լָ
ҿ𣿡ʣûݣֻԺ߿
Ȼԣͺá
ʱ㱳֣˵ȥԺǱѿʼæµһӰٺԷʱܹȥæһߵ

ʹ
һ࣬뷻ִ硣һϲҳطãҥԲƣЦ˿ޡһ㲻ǰ֮ѡ
󲡳ɫԲ԰ףȻɣй޷˵ƣЩϳس֮Ҳضãֱһ˶˼أٳӦõжȣ˫һ̶ˮɼס

䣡
Ȼһ˷׷ÿ񣺡¡

һڶԺ֮ʮߣ޳ŨüīӸͦò̹˿Цݣ磬ߵǰ
ˣԺ֮һ򣺡ٲ֣ұҪȥˡ㡭
δ䣬Χַ׷¡
ɫһ䣬תͷ
ި֮ӵЦ棬ǰݴ˺þò

Сɻʵָλǵͬ泯ְ͢˽¼ʵۣɲй񡣵ֻ΢΢ףþò¡
ި֮Уݴ˴˷ɽг͢µġȬˣ
䴽΢񣺡ĳްж·ˣͶȥ̽
ި֮һЦ˵ģģһ㲡ˣֱţʶҶײԵ޹ʵĴһܣұ㣬շܳ

ԭȺѵڳѷ׷˵һߣһʱֻų֮

ʥϹӶŮһŮδز̫ۡΪʺʺźλһֱĸͬΪ֮λִͬƺ󹬡ĻӺ͹ĸţɻʺ͹סǴСڹһ𳤴󣬴̫λʱһѵܹ
һĺгڼǰ̫Ⱪк󳹵״ơ

Ļȼ߲㣬λԵ
ʣ¶ˣި֮Ժ֮

൱ǧި֮ĸ󽫾佫Ժ֮ĸΪݼ֮ŮɽǽԪѫسݹԺ֮С佻ã׽֮飬Լֻʵܡ
̫ްʥϱʹһֱδԶƺҲƫġ
꽥Щ԰ֲ£ϵ֮ɰҡ
¹˭֡

ި֮Ժ֮мƣΪ㣬ֻި֮˼ЦҲܴżа
ƽϵǺ
ǰãȴʵʵһܡ˫˫㣬ղŶų
ʵۣ˸£룬ި֮ȴԼ

۾ת

俴Ժ֮һۣԺ֮ѻָ̬Ũüһ۴ɻ󣺡ܣҺʱִܣʱдգʧôԣ𱻸ˣֽ㡣
ި֮ɫ΢΢һ䣬˵ȴһϼݵòɫӭݡ

ʥʮȴĿвɣ֮У䣬ʮָˣصع˼䡣
䲻л

糯һֱ緽ɢʵ䣬λӣڸϣλ飬Թ緹¡
һʱ

ֱǰŴӴ
Ժ֮䣬˸ˡߣȥҵ
ȴհɡ
Ժ֮ȥԺ
ȥ
ȥĶ
ؼҡ
Ժ֮һͣ״䣺ڻؼң
֣Ӳظݹڹдʱ䷴æ³ʱ뿪
䵭

Ժ֮Ҫ˵ި֮岻ʣⳡվЩʹвʣڼգʸҲ˵ˣҪǿš£ȱ˭ɡᣬӦΪء
ϺЦȴЦ⣬˿ע䡣
΢΢һЦŷ䶼ұɣȴ촹ʧˡ
Ժ֮°ͣüЦʧպҪľϾرΪ¡

ި֮ϿҵѲҪлλҩģԼλ̫ҽһλ̫ҽպȻϷ磬ǿϧδüл
Ժ֮ӿڵ⻹򵥣øʽٻرǡ
ި֮Ŀ˸ԾɴЦȴЩǿˣһҩģл⡣ɫ磬λģһ
ި֮첽ȥ

Ժ֮ި֮ıӰڵȥɱ˰ɡһ
䵭ҲᣬŹ̫ҽ
Ҳǡ¡Ժ֣֮ҲҪ̫ҽ죬Ҷ֡

˲ǰߡɫѽƻ裬һĨסźͳǽֵֵжӽˣԶԶ񡣲ĿͣפƬ̡
ֺǲЩ㲻ɣ̾ͼˣͰ͵㼸䣬ѳɴ¡
ܣܳɴ¡
׺Ժ֮飬ͱԴ۸ͷЩݸϱף˽˸ֵܣ⣬Ժ֮δ䵱ˣض

Ժ֮ǲǼ֪ĹڵϦֻƸۣóҩ
Ժ֮һۡ
Ժֵ֮УҳɵˣȻҪϲܽҩһ֣˸ʣҲٰмߣʵֻ֪÷ѡˡȥĶ

ߵһǽǰǰͷǳĹˡ
ߣȥôûǺú˵˵ҲҪ´㡣Ժ֮
ȴڰ֣˵շˡ
Ժ֮ʱɻ䣺Ȼ˵һգѵǶв˺֢֮䣬ɱš
·ЩĲɣüͷ¡Щ۶ѡ
УȻذɣǸ˵

˹ţֱظ
ɫڣͷ˵ƣһ£ʵŴء
ڳڣĿֻһ˵ľ뵡ǲľ뵡Ǵĵӿһָܡ
ɣͶ£Щۺ£ۺʱµо̶ҹߣҲйƣ֮С
һˣ

ӣˡ
ͣ£ԺСŶ룬һİȼյԵһ·ֻһ˵ĽŲ
ϰּž
Ȼ򣬽ȴЩͬ

С԰ǰȻͷƺ࣬΢΢һ٣ٲ룬ǰͷԺӣһ¾ȻԺӦסˡ
δüϸͷȻܳһˡ
͸磬
ӰССȹӣСŹӰڵϳ̶̣һֻСӣϲ֮Σҹɫɫ

վסŸܵԼǰ̧ͷ˫Ц
һ̣֪ΪΣеȻɢȥ
鲻Խ𴽽ǡ
šˡ





31.  һ   һ


ֻչĺܿ졣
ǻƹܼѾС, 岻֣һԿţżﰲֵһݶ, ʰĲ࣬ٵ, ͥԺﵽ֪ҹɫ١
, ˭Ҳ˵׼ʱ, һȥ, ϸߣʱͷĶ

ʱڱݣżĸ, ˵ĸʱ򣬶ĸͷľ˻ؼҡ
ʺϲֵȴĸо
˵ȣ˿ɵȣǼҸ¡

ĽŲᣬȴ׼ȷĲ׽
͸, 
ͷ, Ц䡣
΢΢һʵɫ, ƺһûӦ, һ, ͷ, ˡ
ףƳһ۲ԺԺȻ, ¹յƣӳƺȻһµͥԺ

طʱ
һ춼ڹææѽ
á
Ժÿ춼Ҫȥ𣿡
š
ÿ춼ҪŻ𣿡
ǡ
డ
˵䣬ѴͥԺԺſڡſڵСǶΪĿһһûһĶԻǵӡУеһοлҳ

ȴͣ⣬ǰԺȴڳԷϾʱ֡
ǲǻҪæʣ֪ڼҲҪ
俴һۣʱ֣Ŀдŵκѯ
ҪԶҪԶæꡣղ֪ΪΣ£æˡ
ʶʱһϲʵԷ𣿡  
δ
Ҳδԡ򴽣վ⣬еɣȴ˵˳ճʳöˣ͸磬ҪҪһ𣿡
ҲӦеۣȴ˵ͷ
ȥá 
˵Ҳ˷ӦתܻزԺҲðְæԼʳУ̤ԺѩĹˡĽô
ýʳУѻ·ϴ֣ǰ
̴ӽ˰ںã¡

ʳ˶ϲ˲ˣ԰ĽʳʱڹڳԵ٣ʱЩˣȴԹһЩ±ֻЩ
ʵ۾תתȥ
˵ȴǵʳ
δ̧ͷȴˡ
˵ʲô˵

¿ˮ͸磬ĿסС԰𣿡
Ѿסˣ
Ĳ𣿡
һ٣ܳ
ᣡæ֡
ü˼·ǣǲ͵ˡ

ʳԱˣ¿ӣ͸磬лл㡣
ʲô΢ɻ
£аԺлл㡣
ңֱҹƽ֮£ǽհԺսѵЩζٱá
һллܹ

δ˵䣬̫ӡ
ȴЦѾϰģĸоȻڣȴȫٸе¡

ģлл㡣͸磬ʲôУңʲôûУûʲôɸġţԺԺһãԶǵĺá
һ٣̧ʡСֿɴЦЦкĨΣ·ԼرֻܸСģûõĳŵ
ԸоյĻЦݶ֮ǰЩҲ׽

ԹûжԼȥԺ
ϴϿ˻飬˯⣬ߵԺ⡣

ҹɫˮؼžС԰ڶԵüȣȴ·ЩͬĿͶԺ
ܰͷЪˡ
νͷˣҲһСһ˶ѡС԰ĻΧҪԺͶԺԺＸ̤㣬ӡһյĹֵԺӡ
ֻסˣֻǹ˼յƣȴ·һӻˣС԰·һ
˵ĻƽڸնҪࡣ
ʱĻЦݣĿ

ȻЦ

Ϊζôر𣿡
ǳʹĻʱû˿̣ȴȻ˴𰸡

Ϊϲӵݣǡ
ΪĸصصĶҲǡ

ʵ۾
ڰ׷ͬʯͬɽ彧峺ξһЦ£ͷȴʢ⡣
С|ߵˣҪôƣҪôͼȻûκƺͼУҲֻ΢С¡ȻÿοʱǲԾ¶һ
Ǽֵ¡ԼãǶǰ

ףΪôһ㡣
ֻҪһãͺ޲ȫĻر
ˣʵеɵ׳Կѵá

һֱϰ˶թϰ˹Ķǣ󲡳سã̻ͬصսһû̵Ķ޳սֲ 
ԣû·಻ֻżеƣ
һЩʱգȴ·һšһȫͬ磬һЩע˵Ե˵ճС¡
ÿοЦԳԺȺȣ˵ЩƽĻ÷ɡ
һˣһ磬ۣݻ٣񲻿ϧ

ɱܶˣҲ˹ˣػһˣһ޹ʵˣǵһΡ

֮ǰ£ֻˡ
Ժ󣬸ˡ
ԼݹӴԺ󣬱غúû






32.     


һ, ʽסԺʼͬһܣŶ, ͬС԰

պ, ƹܼʹӡ

ɽˮԭڹź, ԺŹ, Ժˡ
⼸Ǹմͷѡ, ׸ɾҲ鶮¡ս̫, պ￴šɡ
ǵһɹ
ƹܼҳһֻľУװż

ʾˡ
̴ӵİʵ֮УݸסţҪмźˡȻȴδ뵽, Ὣ
ζʲô
ζ⼸ֻ, Ψһӣһپ, һһ, ĶԲ˵
ɽˮ䲻, ҲӵָʾպΪ, ɶġ

֮£еļλӺ͹ܼ֪ȴʶȤδ, ֻİ衣
ƹܼҽ͵Цеˡ

ɽˮԼĪʮ꣬ģӳȣ¸мһС˺ѾͷơǼСһǰ
½ļСֱһԽúһֵܣ嵥Ÿջϵʹӷ̣еţȻ֮ǰ¶ĸɽˮææ񣬶β롣

һЦ
ϰ󣬲̫ЦˣǰȴЦݶ
񽥽ģÿնЩĵ¡

͸磬лл㡣һúôǵġ
ʸԱߣ˫ĸлףѾͷ˵ɽˮ˼˭˸ҵǡ
ڸлƵᣬһ̫ӣϲͺá
ϲġһ£͸磬㶫𣿡
˵
ʫ
ϲʫʵ
ʣǣȡ֡

ĸû֡ʵȡڤ˼˴գ̫⡣ˮ֪ɽˮǵʱԡɽˮ֮и˶ǴеõҲ뷭ʫ

ȥ鷿ȡʫ
Ȼ򿪣Ȼ类Ѩ˲侲ֹϸֿɵĺΡ

ôˣ䷢״
ûûʲôš
䵭
ʶţһʫ·ʮ档
䣺ѡ𣿡
ʣڿţûûô졭
䣺Ŷ
ʣš

Ƭ̺
ޱõˡ
ʣ

һæס졣

鵲ס
ĲܹӺѧһ嵽꣬ʱĸ˵ؽһλȻûã£ֻͣȴֳ£һ˯꣬ص󣬻δ˵ѧҵ
ԣֱĿʶ
ֻŸˣһɶ
ֱ飬ǰһƬڣʶ⡣
ʵҲʲô˵¡ŮӲÿƿѧʱҪӣ⣬пԭ
ֻû뵽ˡı¶

ĬĬͷϺһƬ
üͷ΢΢һһ˿Ц⣬
飬Թ߹ȥ
㷭һҳ
ʱ㷭һҳ
ͷһۣ˱ʣͷȦ֣ȻݸŮ㣬ļ˳۱ѡļ
Ҳԣ
ͦ档
ùʣǺһ֣صĻȦȦ
ͷˡ

ˮƽ¹
ѡģС˴Ӵһкƽһг

һĨڣֻмֿһģһŮӽеͨǱȦǼ֡
沨ǧ
һƬȥ
ǺѾͷһ٣һơ

ʾú⡣
е㲻˼С˵лл

俴ȿѧ
Ҫѧӣʼڴĵ

ƽˮɽְֵġ£Ժ˺֣ܿʮֵӦֱ֡ʵҲ𽥰ƽȡ
ǰܾһպܳȴʱš

ÿ˵ʱ򣬱ǰ伸ʱһʱڷУʱԺǳĽŲųȥ
͸磬
ţˡ
ĶԴ𽥳ճ
֮ʱȻȻĸһȥԺӰһһ̣һ޳һС硣

صԺ˱һԷ·ҲȻȻ¡
仰࣬ȴʱش仹δȫģʽģǰࡣ

һգʺȻ𣺡͸磬˯𣿡
ţΪʡ
ʴΪű
һ٣ô磿
ʱ䲻Ҫ糯ŵʱ̶ÿÿʱչʱ컹δˣ
ǸʱѣߺҾ˯ʵʵ
⣺Ϊλѣ
Ҳ⣺֪Ǹʱ򣬻ȻѡԴ֪ŵʱ̺󣬾ͺȻǸ߹ְ˯¡Ҳˣȴ˽ʱϤĽŲһֱƤܡ

ʵ룬ԭܼ򵥡
ݸ£˵ͱرҲϤЩºʶԾǿʲעйص£ðġ

עֳ˼ɫΣ·еס
ĽŲᣬÿζҪü˵
û˵ʲô

ڶʱңɵĽŲȴȻһ
һ¡
˯Ѻ㿴ǰһֻС






33.     

һֻͭС, ׺һһ㷢һ, ö
ʱ㲻֧ŶŲ
ǰ߹, һ̧ǰҹɫ﷢졣
ʱ, , ԺЦ, °ߡ

ʼֱСÿÿֳһ¡



, ֽշö
ʮһ˽ڡʹԺƽգҼһࡣ
ʸˣȴܳȥ, , ֿʼС

Ҳࡣ಻ϵѡɸݸ˿ζǰ׺ͺ춹˼ʱ, Ȼݺõĺ춹ӹԲһ¹, տС󡣰ʱ, ٷףŴ档ʰԹ, ͷּЩѸʡ
ĻеĲȫճټǡ

ú, ˸˺һЩʣµıһȡ

ú𣿡˫һգգ䡣
ջصҹ䣬һһڵ൹ˡ
Ŵ࣬ڼ㣬ǵķոպã̵ģֲķ壬һ¶ǣ˲ů

˹С룬̧ۡ
ǰСеĳγ˫ԣÿһŬȴزסڴÿһ˵
˵ú˵úȡ
ҿҡ
ͷ˼ףڵܲ
ʶʱ㣬ü䣺ȵ㡣

һ濪ĳܵϿɣһȴʳʵޡûʲôرϲرɻģͨʲôʲôȴʳѣЩʳʱԵĻ

붡ٶ˳ԷӰ¶οЦݡ
£ǰϻԶ
٣ʹԣҲֻһڡ
󣺡ʹһжһˡ
£ʹð
ٶ󣺡ð

õʹȴ⵽һ俴΢΢šüԵҲ٣ôôݣ
ǰལҲԲģĸϵ⡣ԴȫˣȻȴһֱ϶ţûеõܺõҽκ⣬СҲݰͰ͵ġ
ݸʱ䣬ȻţԸоǰ

ʵԺ᳤ġ
䣺ںҩûУ
ͷԵġÿһΣÿ춼кҩһΣһٲ䡣
ףúúҩúóԷ 
гůԹӦš͸磬ҲúóԷһ⡣

˹󣬾С꣬ʼæµ
Ȼ˺үڼңչŹһ⣬ɹ٣ίʵֵһҸﻹһλԱ껹ǵù

ݸռ󣬸԰Ժڶ࣬³㿪ʼɨɣȵȣæµӰĴɼƽĹƽ˼
ҲʼԤСֱ꣬Ԫʱϯʳ͵ġÿջŻϸɫʽƷٸǵķӦζʳ

ЩԳԲÿǳԷҩ˯һԷ
ôСǰգʾȻδǰͷһȣҲ΢΢һ⡣

ڹ£ûж룬֪ȻݸȻݸꡣ
Ȼһգȴǲƹܼһš

ģʲ졣
ƹܼҴ
ﻹ˵ѽϳͲǰݸ鷳ˣݷ˻ٵŰݷãؽʻȥꡣ
¶Ȼܾܾϲ£ȴǺͼȫϵϵƽ»ڣܻ
ƹܼҵ˵¿˼ﶨˣٸػ
ƹܼҵš

ʲ֣ˮ
һűֽ˵ֻ⣬ΪؽҲϣܻؼҹ꣬ϼԲպ󲻷㣬˳

𣿡ˮ˺󣬰ʡ
ʺԥҡͷ
һͷڵѹֶҲҪܾúܾԺʧҲһӶ޷ʧ
ֿʣľȴ̾˿òڵµûȥ
̧ͷ֡
ֵǾ仰ļҡԺܵûȥ
ʵҾͳˣˡ
ҡͷ˵ף˭֪⼸᲻бңҪʱҲҪһءڴ֮ǰ򲻿˺Ƥ̡

ֺγͲһӲҪٻǸطȻϾҪӳԶȫ²Ϊ֮
ֵͬʴ˴λȥٱǰԴ

ֵ˵ֻǳϲӣˣڣҲӦ߶ùС꣬ԪʱҲûȥһˡȶ㲻ȥԺɰ徲ˡӣΪĴȰﲻأֻ»һٶӡ񲻸
Ŵ˵

ּߣүţֻǵùȻǽġүϾǹѪס
뿪ݸʱ׶¶ЦһСʺһӦðɡ˵ѽϱ

ͷֱ˻˻ͷԼ䡣
󣬵û˵ʲôֻ̧濴һȻ󵭵رأر㲻أĶΪ
ʱͲأ⻰޲̸ı⣬֪°˵ҲĵΪ

ӣҼء
俴һۣһ
ϾͻˣʱԸһʵҲһС˰ɡ
˵ʺһ£չǲҪ磬ǲǺܻЩʱҲԶԻʹһ˽⡣
ᡣ
ͨڳϦҹСǻʵ빬Լǵļ磬ҲЩؼҡ

һ⼸пɣʱ磬ҴȥϹ䡣
ģ˫һʱϰôãţŵˣůˣһҪȥúùϰǡϻжû뵽ôͿʵԸˡ

ƭ㲻ɣƺܺã壬ȴһЦ⣬˵ʱȸŻϡ
õĺõġһĶҪˣæҳԹ緹΢һͻȵ͵ѽȵ㡣
һ

ҪƭѽҸ̫ͻȻе㲻ţĵƭС
˵ЩеԼƺΣǰԽԽˡ
̧һۣޱ顣
Цˣӣ˵ˣɢ

ȸԾŻزԺֿ˻飬˯ʱȴʲôڵ³Ƭ̣¡
ɽˮպúøţտʹ£ʱ
ĪʹؼҶѣʲô¡ȴ֪ϽҲʣȥɽˮ

¶ʮģСգʻ






34.     

ʴ˷, е̽׵ζŻƹܼ׼Щؼҷˡ

, ʳԹ緹ϴ׵, 밲֣ˮɽ, ĸһ, , ص

ʵ뿪Ҳûã಻¶ѣȻٻ, ȴֻ֮С
Լ֮ǰһ
ͷеİ

һȻҪȰݼ˫סʸһȴ벻ЦӭӴˡүͷһŵŹءūǰӭӹ
, Ƿ˵֡
ղ, ˵û䣬ˡܵ

ֵ۾Ѳ, ֲʱɽˮ, Щ֮ɫ
ִ, ߽
˺ԶɽԶɽո˼, ҲڼҡŮǫѩ硣֮, Ӷ˵ˣһʡ

ǰؾص
ʶݼĸףʸĸװ
ˣǰţδ¹ʱ£ľ򿪣¡ǰǰ㣬񣬼Ȳڣ಻Զ̬Ȼ󷽡

һʱ϶¶Ƶľ֮ɫ
еĪ
Զɽڣɡòʶࡣ


֪Լȴδжоһ𣬲ǺȻ̫ı仯Ҳ̫δһ֮£̸оˡ

в֪ʱԼУһ£ŵݸһѾͷʹӣҪǣ˾ɫ࣬仹ݰͰ͵ȴԲ࣬Ƥѩף˫ڰ׷˸ųξ鶯֮ɫ
ݰףʮʮӡ
һ䣬ҳȴƳʼɢâ

ѩһģп⣬⡣޲ȥݺ|ٵڵĹʣǸʱСӡ
ڳֻûסòǿ¶Ц
ûݸĲ㣬㶼ԼءǶɶء

һͷ䣬һΣЦĴȰޱȣݸƣʶĶáһĸ׳չ㣬㲻ϰߣǶˡ
ʸ첲һ㼦Ƥ񣬴ǰ֪ĸʲôģԼˣһĸףΪϰٹ֮ҵĸ״ֶģֱݷˣ֪ϵĸײǶһ

ʵüлĸ׹
˶һ٣ūѱպݷ˻һǲС۵ĶʶѾͷҲͷˡ
˵ȥֻ³ңֻ˽Ҳ򵥡
ʲϸ룬ֻӦǡ

ɽˮˡĶȻҲķ˷˼ÿһ㾫ϸѡΪء
ЩƷֽ˶ʶ˼ִ

ʷ֣һٿ׵ЦУԶɽȴɫݣ·ЩˡڼĲģӣҲϡ档
ʴʱ׻мָġ
ĸͰ˵˱Ͼĸף֮ˡЩʧΣάż븮ʱҲ¶̣

һһеŮ˵Щ΢㹻һƬ
ʾãڸŮġ

׻ǵ
ĸΪٲȥĺͿôˡ길ȴ֮գ⣬ѽ˸ˡ
ϲҪϲںĸоʲôûУֻҪһ𣬳򵥵Ѻܺá

ϯ緽ȻطϢ
ǰСԺȻס˴·һСԺݸİٺԷȲϣйоأҲһСݡ

뿪ˮţַһ
ôˣʿ֡
ѹû뵽˾̬ôãһûС

Ԥϵ˶ʵ̬Ȼת䣬û뵽㡰º͡˾ʮ湦ȻվˣܶԴº޽١Ｘô֮⣬ֱһֱġ
˭ϣһ¶ûС
˹Ȼ򵽼ңҲȻݸɵ
룬ȴԾе㲻

ʶԴ˲δй뷨ʲô̬ȣˣλҪҲΪ˸ס
ϯԹ棬ǱȥҪ͸Ⱦˡ

ʱɰţˮɽǰȥ
ԭΪֻԼ˵һټ磬룬ˡ
Ӧ꣬һҺһЩϵｻõѣڿ˼ӣһߣŮһߣҲ˴

ʽʱ뼸λ̸ЦͷˣȥǱ
й񣬱һԵϡЩ׾ҵĹͶעֺĿ⡣

ˣλ
˵Цͷ
ˡкñ⻰Ȼ٣˵ĳǵõˡպݼ߶ʱлᣬɱӴҵȣҲմմ⣬ʶ˵ͷ԰ʤա
Ц棬ȴһɫҲʲôܰϹ֮֮

ˮɽһۣվΪʵˮ
ʾš
ǰ˲ϯֳϣһ˶ʶЩڡ

Ⲣδϳãһƣѩˡ
˶·Ļ֦չѩͷţĪװ磬мɫΣȷԵ޶ˣһ˵Ŀ⡣

ӴԽԽƯˡ
ôȥҪΪǵһŮˡ
֪ļҵɾ绨ѩ

ѩӯӯһɶׯģߣλ˲ҪȡЦѩˡ
ȡЦѩһʮ˰ɣĴˣԵ֮¡ǺǣֻµʱżҪý˲ˡ
ѩշ죬ߵĶ㵽һŤ
Ů֣Ц˭ҲҼҹ⣬ҿ᲻ýѩôСͼ޳ȥء
ͷ˳ԶɽڳΪ٣жſ֮˰
Զɽ֣˵ѩС²
Ҫôò绨ŮҲ

Ц̡
ô໰ȴҪһ䣺ѩ
ԣѩ

һ䣬˳ԭΪ˳˼պݼҲʱؼңΣСһ˳ˡ  
ԭǣ
Ǹѩ˳һ
ãȻѩǱߡ

˵Ůˡѩ䣬죬һţˣ
ΪСˣôЦеѩıӣ˺ˣ˵ˡ˵ģĸ׺͸Ϊ׼ƣϲϲ
ۣѩһһı

Ҳһ񣬶ĸ׵ĹأѩĪ˿˸ͷҲ׷Ϻ
Щϵ֮ףƷ״Զɽƽ̣ʱѩмӣ߷С
һѩϲЦտ

Ĺ˽ԶѩͶȥĿ⡣
ԶԶţģԶɽмվѩһվ磬һڡѩ£
ûκἰʣ˳Ҳἰ֮¡
ų⡣
ԶɽҲһۡ

ʹ㣬ããȻš
Ȼԣ۲ѣĪȹգָúù

ԶɽҪȥʺȻ֪վԶɽſڡ
ԶɽͣŽǴʵ£
ʣףҵ
˵ҹġɤͷȻеɬоԼһҡβС

Զɽü
ȥϲмΣ֮ȴΪջҵѾݹӵĴȥҪôˣݸǱ߲δ⴫ȻȴҲѲ˸ϵ

˶̾ҲǣѾ߲ܲãĲǽºˣڱ˼ЦͲ̣Ѿߺֵ֣ӳ棬治񻰡
ֵѾͷĪݸֺñΣԼ˭˰ɡΪݸٱˣĪԼݣٸ±á
ͷǰ߶Զɽȥˣж΢ʡ

˵ʻС꣬Ӧˣֻȥ졣д˷ţҲδ
ԼǵѩĽһǰһ
ʺȻǺ⣿
ԶɽȻġѩǵŮбĪҪʱȡڼǣǣҪסԼݣִ֪硣ȥúţȿ硣

ϻģ졣
Զɽ˵ǻѹѩ಻⡣
ڿȥ
ѩ£·оעӣ°̧ĸ߸ߣһĨЦݡ

״Ʋ΢΢һЦ
Цݴ۶˵ΪҵƿأΪΪ˴ͷ˲ˣƣվҪңңʲôǡ
ݼһӣܴһӣĪ̫⣬ĪԼݣøҹԹԵġ

˵ֶкܶ࣬Źȭߣ䳰ȷѡһ֣ɱ˲Ѫһ
֪޿һС

֣ˡ
ʻجбڣҲ֪˶ãеع˵
ֺγߣڵʱȰʻˣίʱˣô뿪ֻײϣǷǡ
ֵҪˣϯһǱߡ
ȴߡ
ʮΪѣҧҧãȥǡվֱ˦ֶȥ
ȥҸʹһȺˮɽȴˮڣֻȽɽȥʰ
Ȼ簲ϣ˲ˣ˵岻иˣȴһ̣ô岮ڣٿ˵

ֻصߣʹѹס򣬵ȰƬ̣һŮôȻ˦ȥ˿ʵ˱šͳͻôһգҪ£ݸ˵
ݸ֣˴ľȻţ˫ϰճȭ

ʱſںȻһɧ
ȥȴһû뵽ˣſڡ
䡣

伲룬ʹСŸһ֣̿Ȼͨ˱Ѵ

һҵȺǸϤӰ

ֻòЦݵŮȴһѹ






35.     

ųˮ, ˮԶɽţܿβԣֻ, ֻסʣɽһϼ, ͵͵ȥֱʳǶȥ
ȴɲ, Զһײ

ԭճ, ʱ, £Ųڴ֣⿴, Ԥʳ꣬һͬȥ
ȥ·ϣˮԼż򵥸֮䡣
һԲֱͨڡ

˴ס, ˭Ҳû뵽侹Ȼ
մӳ, һɫɫ, ϵƸ, ͷ, ޳ͦѩɽ, Ȼƫ񣬽üĿ˫, ɻеɶɡ
֮˽ǵһӵͷȻۼ˽ۼһΣֻȻʵȴŸӾ޲žһʱŮĪ˫۷Ź⣬ӡЩδ޵ĹŮӣһʱ䷼
Ȼɫһݡ
ֻ䲻ŭݣȴˮŭϬһУ˼֮ͨٲҿ֡

ݴˣ
ԶɽӦæ첽߳ǰӭ˶ݾ㵹Ц棬Ҳȥ
ѽӣˣ
ȴ˭ҲԶɽˣԽĿһֱϡֱԶɽ˶м䴩Щײ

۽Ǵ磬ͣǰ΢΢ͷʣ
˭۸ˣ
ڵϣľȻı鱻ȡֱԼ۾ʻ֪ΪΣкȻӿһίʱվѿڵô
βһ
Ȼʶ˵ĳϣ̿סգգۣеɬ˻ȥ
俴ʵ۾ٴ˵㣬˭۸ˡ

˵ԶɽЩĪǿάסЦݣ˼˵Щ֮ĻǾ䣬ɫʱһ䡣
תæ첽߹ȥ
ʶǲɡհ˵һ죬˶Ҳû˵ϸʡʶҪơӲżºȱ衣

ȴûԾɿһֻۣʡ
ЦݽӲ
һ˶յ쳣һʱѻȸ

ĳϲӣݹľˣ˭۸㣬ݸʮ
ޱ飬ԾƵᣬȻǻɭȻȴΪ֮һ
ˣʼδζʮĻȴһѵιգͷɫס

ʾƬ̣ҡҡͷ˵ûСֻе㲻
վʲôû˵Ϊĳϣֿ˭ãֻƽ˿̸ʶѣˣȴݹ޶Ƿ֮С
ʲô˵ˣ˿ֻģܣ뾡뿪˵ء

°˿˲֪ȴԼҹ涯ŭɱһ״빫ӻʲô֮ױץסѱ
ʹģʲôδ˵
Ҫʹͷպеǰ취ֶΣϲɴ˿¡
Ȼӷ֮ˣȻ˼ʹȴڳ̬δӳȥ֮⣬κ˶˶ŭ

ɫһۣع
ʵͷ
ڿԶɽԶɽʼеĪ֪ݹ٣ڣ̬ȣЩ졣

䣺ˡ
Զɽæݴˡ
䣺Ϊݸ֮ˣպʱ뿪ҪˣΨԸκ˲ǿšˣУ
ѯɫȴ๡
ԶɽƽӹȴǴ¿ŭ⣬²Ҳ֪ĴһǣһæЦܵݸģʶ֮պӶൣչʶˡ
䵭Զɽһۣ̣ģϲκί

ף֣߰ɣؼҡ
ǣס֣ͷƴЩ⣬ȴ̲һΪ֮ĵʸߣ뿪Ƿ֮ء

ѩ֪ʱϢĹһֱվһԡ
֦չŮǰһ˿շ죬˫۷䣬ת鲻Խǰһ
Ǹˣܿ
ȴһӶ۷綼¡

ߵſڣһʱ죬żϰһ£ˤۼֿס̶棬֪ʱƮСѩ·ʪ⡣
ˮǰȴһֱӱʡ

ۡڴȶ۵ľ
֮ˣƽսύϲ֮£ΪʸݹպԲͬնԣȻռⳡ棬ȴɺЩ԰໥зֹ
ɫ콻ӣѩѩٲŴģ˫۳ޣ޳Ӱ

˫ıʣһ·⡣
˫Ĳӣڶñš
ûޡ
һ
Ƭ̣䵭Կޡ
˫۽˽ͷĸһ㣬ֻСû˵

֮һֱû˵ֱʻ˺ܳһ֮
ֻʣʱ
ϳͼɿʣȴս˫ۣ§ס˶٣ûٶıš

ʻĽֵʱ֣֡ͷЦڡ
˵˽մġֺ֣ҪҪȥ
ʲҡҡͷ
ãٴҲǿ

˶࣬ƽʻĳֻʶˣƳУ֮Ҳû˵ʵ侱У°ഥ˴˺š

Ƭ̣оϴʪ⣬ʵĺأ̲ס
ԣֻһֻ֣ʱϣĴ
Ĳӣش






36.     


ⳡ̶йʽĴ޳, ֱʿˣֹͣʼһֱĬȻļ
ݸʱ, ƣ˯ˡ

ˮɽӹ, Ȼ˯ȴ§䲱Ӳ֣, Լ, ߽С
δŽС԰, 㾶ֱʴԺڼϣ, ٻزԺ

ʸǺñӣһԾƬ̣ʳ˯ʵ󣬷Է¡
ˮȥͷ, ɽͷźͬĻа볣¡
ַ񣺡л, ҪǹӣҪίˡ
ȴְӡ
ȻлҪʡһ, л, ˮĵ

俴Ű, ʲôذ
, ڣ˽֮£⼸¶ٻˡְŵ, ̾һͷū֪ʲô繫ڼйĲ̫á 

䣺Ůݣ
ԹŵбȻӺǰԣŮӵλõܴƣѧãϰ䣬ɾֹ̣ŮӴӾְ֮¡ɫվĲŮ֮ɴڣҲǰǰϿ
ֵǣҲȫǡĸó˼ޡԣ˴С㲻ϲǼҹ
һԳ²ԣĳʼáʼ̽ıϢ

ֺߵӽҲˣĻα߻ϷЩŲӪļˡ
豭ǳһڣʵϷ˴ʲô
һӱֱġ

ϲ³ٻ񲮾֮λʶܲɡϷ˽üǻʶϷھӶϱͬһúü꣬ܲ˽ϱ顣ͻߣ뻢ڡ
ӵԵ֮⣬Ӧϡ
ʵ俴ϷӦѡ񣬱ͽڱݡϷ˵Ĺ磬ӦĲҵڡϷ۰Ůһ㶼ûСʿТڱݣֻҪеְæҵʣڱңػðգ
ϷȴսͻпкβΪ˵Եʣ

΢΢һûϵ侹뵽һ㣬̾˿˵ϷһٸԸ͹ʱûа취

Ϸ˽ӤŮ۰̶ȿֱ֪ͷ⳾޶پʣ»ʡ
СҵҵöЩ꣬󣬼ˣŮȺͥҸ

ʵϷȴʱһ⣬δֹκ⡣ЩעϢһ˸Ƚԣܶƺ
Ϸ˲ԣŮɷʹ类ۣδ̵ණ˽ȴΪʴ㡣

ϷĸˣʣЩԶϵȴΪֵô⡣ĸҲҵΪӴ󣬶һֱϷ˸׵ƹܡϷʱϹܼҵĶӣԼһҺɿˡԤպΪáʣٳЩЩ¡
ϷһʼδٻؾǣûЩ⣬һڱݣϷ˵£ƽҸ

ʳ»˯䣬©ƫҹ꣬Ӻ߾ҲûϹܼӣԼһʱܵ¡ܺУӴׯаϷ˾סС򣬴ùٱʱϷ߼λڷ

֣Ϸᣬɼɽ֮ʱһ˿иʱɽв֪ʱܳ㲻ܽԲŵСԺС
Ϸ˵Ҹ߹Լ͹⡣
֮£ֻýͻϰ

ϷԼڳ֮󣬱㽫һҵǫһѩƽ֡ʳھǻȥأѭԸʮ֮ǰ⣬вҵ㽫乫

Ϸϲδò֮λʱѻھˣӺɷ涨Ʒ׼ߣӵеĲƲо֧Ȩһ㶼ύŮ̳УڷȺʽϣԱԸΪ׼ŵɹִС

ھҲвҵԶɽ̳оλʱһͬȻϷ˱ݵļҲʵڲֵһᡣ
ãȴۺֶΣܴϷˣһֱĲҵȫСһ㰲ġպҪҪߣٳıеʱ䡣

Ϸ˲ǲ֪Լдڵգȱƽ󣬴ֻһСֲҵҲһǡ
Ϸ֪ԺӶùȴĴһϣϾļҡĸסΣͣ壬úó󡭡

ԺżʳɹһƬžδʣѹĺܵͣ˵ţС¡
ҡҡͷ̾Ϸ˶δ֪ųĶЩ޽ų£ٲȻһ˵ҡҼҹһںѩﶳ˼ʱһ

ֻЩӣֱһجΡ
ĸͰųܣ֮˿µ߲ȵͣΪѵ䳰ȷ

ʧĸŲ壬һϦ֮һֱʲܴܳ裬һǻȻϵǣʷ·ܿǵĴκΰֵĵ¡

˰᣺ﶮ£ֲ£һѭϷ˶ȴūΪѣΪū鷳ӲԹοūǰ鶯˵˵ЦЦԻ󣬱δЦ޻ǰ޵ģҲֻ˺ǰϲϵһᡱ
˽밲ֻǻ˵ЦޣȻվһˣԱѹ֣Ĩ񰲾ƣеСĹ

ѻȸֻаֵ
ҲūãסùЩ࣬Щ

еĲˮˣˮǰˮȴڰ֣ʾⲻأһɫĿȴ䡣µ갲ֽǷߺƽ֮ǰ²ʴӣû뵽㴦
ʹõĹﰡ۶أ

ֵֻԵɺϣݸǣԺӻ֪ΰء⡭
Ȼ֡
æվݹӡ
̧ۿŰ֣ʶ꣬ĹһҲ˲ٿࡣ
æӦõġ
䣺ĿɼӽֻҪٶ˵κʱκ£κǰ˽ף

סˡ
ΣʻؾشиϷУʶʱʱʶ߶־һѳϰߣκ£ȽͣϢˡίȴҲΡ
ǵһҪٶ˵ֻ
ǰ̬
Ȼȴֺѵ⣬⻰֮⣬ʱݺᣬɹ£촽ūˡлӡūϷˣлӡ
˵ſȥͷ

俴һˮˮæ֣ЦҲˣȻزԺЪϢɣտＴɡ
ˮԷŰֳȥ

иԼžѺĲ豭üʲô飬š
һ¿ڵӿҪţ
佫ǲ豭£ȥɡ
ɽ˳⣬վ߽ڼ䣬˵Ҳȳȥ
񣬼˳ȥ
ֻʡ

ʻڳ˯Ӹǵ°ͣסס֣±ӣ¶ñšϻۣ޵̫̫ã۽ǺͱǼⶼǺģȥͰ͡

һμʣӳ˯ŵŴޣߡ
˺ÿһμʣܿЩ֮⣬Ǻ£ѹǿֻţ̧ͷʱȴܻ¶Ц
Цܾе㲻һȴ˵ﲻһеˡ

СһСҰ紵·˼̤ȴԾǿ棬ҲԡӸߴӵˣԱԹ԰ޱԹ첻ƽ˶Ƿ޿֮ˡӴĿȫǡȴԼǿգŷֱǷǣ˵
ԱѹƣˣЦȴʼξ

Ůһ屦ĺúò֮֮֮






37.     


ʱ, ϵյƣʹâӳůڡ۾еʹ۾, ˡ
ۺ£һʱ֪ںδ

ܺ춯, æ
Ķ, ʵ, ɤ΢ơ
Ժءܵ
͸ء 
ͷءС, Ⱥȵˮɡ

ȹˮȰʼϴһͷ, ʱ߳ȥ
ǰѻ³°׼ҳۣͷ飬̧ͷ, , ˯ˣ
ʵͷ߹ȥ, , е㲻˼

ܾûǰ޹, ǰйҲֻĸǰһ, Ǳ̫ãڿһ̣ڻ, ʱǻѹˮ㱬ֹֹס
һ̣ʺЩʲôһ㶼˵ǡҳ󲻿ĿҲῴһ޷˵ıʱʶûмˡ
Ѿˣģġ

ȻʲôҲûʣֻȳԷɡ
飬ˮ˱ʳУ
δԣȴһ㲻ǿ˴롣ƺθҲãֻһ㣬ˡ

ǰÿγԹʶ㻰ļ䣬ʵ᲻еģ˻ͷ
Աûʡ
ʵͷˡ
ȵ衣˵
ĺ˰յ裬һʱû˵뵣˰ĵķΧֻһֱôţʲôҲ˵ȻˣֻֿڵҲҪæ

ҹȥˡʷ²豭
ף˸վȥ
ţæõġ
䵭ãѩˡ

ѩϵö񣬳ȥһȻ֪ʱѩ궬ƺѩҲر࣬ѩСѩϡ
߳ţŷ֣Ժ÷Ϲ˺ЩСͮͮ͸ĹӡŶȻ𣬽Сҹء

ˣ͸磬ǲǵ鸮ҹˣ
ʼ
̫ʧˣȻȥλ밲ؽݸӦҲм磬һֱ˯ԼһԵģǵļ硣
޷ѾԹϦһ𡣡򵥵ʻزԺ

ʽŲŻǰС
ɽˮǰͷŵƣƹӳ޷£¹ѩ˼һۼ

ߵʱȻһ̧֣һ£ʱһؼľףһУ
һϤ죬Цࡣ
̧ͷ䣬ɫԵ쳣ᡣ

ԺĺҲЩСӭվſڣˡ
ʿְֺ֣޹Ȼ˿ȴһĶοЦ⣬е֣Իϰ󣬰ִδЦˡ
ʲô£
ЦеϽȥɡ

߽ڣʱס
ֻϣ϶˸ֺӺ̶̣ССϻаء
⣬ô£ȫˡ
Цȫǹ͸ġ
ʻͷ䡣
΢΢ü˵ȥϲϲ

ˮɽһߺţܼҲվűߣ˶ЦĿʣҲǰæֻԼȥ
ͨͨȶãȻĿ䣬乴ֳһ϶͹Ļȣʾ֡

ߵǰ
ϺõĽУƯĻƿֵǵֻһǡʴЩӣһѤ磺ɫʯ鱦֬ˮۣΣһżСҹ顭мֵƵëƤԼ˵֣һЩϣĿʣһСͱɽֻۻҡ

ʵ΢΢΢΢ҵģ
ףûǰ׼ֻÿⷿЩ
ʵȷˣһʱģԽڿʺŮӣŮӻϲĶ˴

̫⣬̫Ȼհף㶵ɣʵҵǽա
䣺š˵ջʱٹһΡ
ҲǸ˼
ɫü·𲻽⡣
ʻЩ˵ˣΪʲΪʲôҪЩ̫̫ˡ
ȻҪȻһ٣ֵеģҲС
ʵۿɲǺˣգǰЩеίһ̣㶼ƣƮ
һҲĽѩˡ

ʲ֪˵ʲôãɬй
俴ʣеķ·ôƬ̺󿪿ڵмҪȷϡ
Ȼ縣飬ԤеĻĳıһ
һգգĿ䡣

ݸرݣһ㰲š
ǵ֮£˵Ƿʾ˽ȥҲɳ׵ˡ
º󷽾Щס£βޣϾ˼¡ڽ˵ԳУŵҪȷʱԸ
ԣ񲻿ܻرݣ԰һ˻ȫֻǱߵԶ߷ĺȫ

۾䣬תͷ֣ЦŵͷʾԼ
ʾƬ̣𰸣롣
ĸţûļˣȥҲͽˣݸϲĺܶˣԣҪһ
ܺáһе˿ŵԣԺݸֱԼ뿪һա

䣬˵ǷȻֻǵʱϸƷк⣺˼˵һ꣬꣬ҲҪȥԼñá
ѿڵҲ뿪Զᡣ
üͷŮͻС벻̫ԶҪ˵ġ

δڴ϶ԣŵôӽɽݸңͬҼһݼҵĹݼҵӡסˣ

˵ţĿƲӹ˵ȡȻ⻰˵ʣҲ˵ݸӴˣʲʲôϲӣһݣݸӣݼСλͬ
˻һڣٿʱոΪ

ҹ֮ϻδϣҹɢĹӳյһƬ¹˷С
⻪֮£续ɣД
ʴ䣬ˮӯӯҶϵ¶ȥдʱǧȴ޷֮ڿڡ
ò˵ʲô·̫ᡣ

Ծ˫ȴͶůʵۣӽЦЦޣʹޡʲôʲôؾţ͡

𣬴ݸ䲻ֹһζ˵ƵĻʱֻ˵Ŀ׺ǣ֪ŴһʼͿʵĿƺѹ֣˵ÿһ䣬Ϊʵ⡣

κ¶𣿡ʳ˳ӣڵ
š
ģ
š
ʱȥæ˵
ףԡ
ʣԽ鷿𣿡
䣺ԡ
ʣö𣿡
ͷ
ʵЦһȥ档
õʱ򡣡
𣿡
ԡ

Թܶˣʵһ㹻֮ʲôҲȻ˸Ϊˣȴʾ֭Ҳ벻Ϊ
ʺȻڵϣµͯ㣬һȦҲ𣿡
ͣˮЦ
ָˣǸɶ

̧ͷ䡣
΢΢һ̿ϸһЦ⣺ⲻʲôϰߡϲ۽΢΢һ⡣
֣ӣЦ
Цϴγ
º͵Ŀ
ЦЦʺȻˣŴðųȻ۵һʱ
ס䣬˵ʲôȴ˵㽫첲ϣͷʵĿš

ˮһæ
ȴҡҡͷ̬ݣ̹һʿţһֻ֣ʱʱɫİ
Ƭֹ̺ס
ӣ̧ۿһ䣬ֵͷˮһ飬·һ䡣
䣺
ˣ
̧ͷˮݹ˫ʪŵȥµɫ˵⣬Ҳ𣿡
ޱ飬ԡ
ռֱº͵Ĳ񻰣ݵĲ񻰡

ΪЦ
ϳȴĸ⣬ǵһˡ
Ὣҳ軵ġ૵
䲻Ϊ΢΢
Ҳһѳݰ衣˵
죿һģ
ʹһЦ
ֻĸ谮㣬ɽ軵
ǵûС᷸żҲƤ廹ǹɶµġ
ͷ˵Բ䡣ѳǱ㽾գҲʲô¡

ע䣬мůҸλرء
üƲϲر֣һת뵽ʲôڵǱúóԷ㳤ÿտһЩ
ЦˣЦЦţֺ۾

亱ֳɫһüģ˵ޱޣٿޣٿްատãٿޣŮ۾ҪɺˣҪǣҲˡ
ʸЦʵҺܺúġᣬȻֻҪһóԵľͿˡ
һ
ӣЦ䣬δջȥ
׿һԣӰϵĺһ㣬ݸʣˣˡЦһ






38.     


մѩ, ϰװعΪѩ硣˵Щѩ׷, Ǹͷ
Сպе㷢, Ǳ׼ܣֻÿչԹԴڷС

, , ʵ󲻶, ûʸ˭Ӵҫֻһ徻֮رɡȻ, ȴࡣ
ʵЩ˵ЩȻȴˡ
䵭ʵϸֱ֪, ԺúַʽչĿ

Իؾ, ʱһҶƼջ̻̲սս, һӵ, Щ, е˺ۺȻɢһĺȻ䵽ʵ·һСͣһ, ܷ紵
Ҫԭ˵˺͵طң̾£ʵһӡ
ǰһֻС, ԵϲΧˣʶ䣬ȴһĸʱİĺ͹С

ûң̫
ǱʲôΣѩʲô뷨ȫȥģֻ뵽Ժ󲻱ǣͻɡ
ϲĵط̫

ܹоĹϵԸһ
Ǹ̫¶ˣȻĺöֻҪԸ⣬ĸܵһĳ£ᶨִС
ʱΧ֮ڣӴ˱ŮӲһˡ


õһĻ
죬δǣȻ֣סͷһߣһ෢һ죬Ӧͷ
䲡ʱֻרҪϣ䡰Ӧϡһ֪ˣкˡ

ִ멣ҹɫĳʱţԺﴩж
ѩԺ䣬ããһƬ
żȻһƳһɫ
쳣䣬һ֧÷ڿˡ

߳һΣۻأǳ÷£ϸƬ̣֧С
ԺὫ÷¡

ʱˮ÷漴뷿Уʣæȡ˻ƿƲá
÷㸡

޷磬ŵ˻裬ˮƿͨ͸ѩϢ롣
ˮŰѧӣɽŸС¯űţټС洩

ЩʱջĹѧĲˣɫҲĺЩʲͣƹܼѡʱָʾѡ´ϻۣȴֲ̰壬Ȥġ
ǰĺ⣬Ļƹܼĥ˰ΣܽΪʽƶġ
˽̵ʱֻҪԭԵĴˮҲ㲻ǡ˱ǻðͣദЩʱգ𽥷ſˣʱЩЩϷʴʱ䡣

ˡ˵
ǰҲǸģʲôӣץʯӶжȵȶ˭ȴʤһ˻е˼ݣҲӲ㽥¶汾
ָ˸ʮָӵĻʿ˺һʵ޴֡
һָ㣺ﴩȥһﴩԲԣ˷ˣѽ
ɢˣʴܡ
ЦţǰļöͭսԼɰлô

ʻδ˵ˮ⼸չһӣǶǰɡ
ͷǹ˵飬ƾµ
ʰڰ֣ˣԸķ䣬˰ˣĪ˵ǡˣս
ƽǵҲǮٵ꣬˶עͼӰˡʻؾʱ˼ֻӣĸôģһָˣһʱܣ˵ǱܣʵΪ˰ģԺòõĻ˵һٲѹʣϵĻõȱ

ʰϣĺӣò裬ȥȡӹһ£ʼ
ٹգǳϦ

˸÷⣬÷ļã÷ʽɫɿڣ壬ŷ֦÷·÷㡣
ϰĵڶꡣ
һ꣬ˣŸȣСУԺﻶЦҹȺ𴲣ѳ׹ˡϾι꣬кβͬʮֺ档

Ҳû̫಻ͬˮӽ£ҪųһЩˡϦϰղ֦飬ᦣͷ°սϻлᣬôѩֲһܿˡһ˳극ꡣ
ţͱࡣ

ʺݸÿҲô𣿡
ˮЦ˵ǸţҲôү⣬귽һΣоͼ˺͹ڣǼλ˶ǰ徻꣬Ҳ͵ݷһԶٷˡ˲ڼңҹڶԺˡ
ٵûҼҹ˼ء
ˮЦƳһۣ겻һйڣЩƣ˺öûôࡣ

СʱϹС⼸գЩ޵ĵӳŰããĻѩδƱϦ֮ҹ֮ʱֽʢ
ʵںȲֻ֣ҪһֻƽһԶٷҲǼõġ

˵ʺһ£͸ջҪȥ𣿡
ԽףԽæ⼸նıǰʲ룬һֱϦæɣǵ̫ˡ

ˮϦջʵ۹磬ٳΪһʢ£ȻȥǸҹͨҪһ㣬ΪȹӲμ硣
ʵͷˡ

Ȼһ˵ȴ̼ȤҲЩ档
ܵˮ㣬ʼģȥ𣿿ǽ
ˮʧЦʸȥֵطΪ˶ȥģǳСܹܣҲûͷȥ
ˮܴԼ֪һЩɣǽɡ

Ҳһ۰Ͱ͵ˮ
ʹѽʼѽ˭ء
ǰĸ䣬ʱСֻóԣ˵Źǧ֮޹ϵĻʳ֮ءĽˣͷģȻȻ⡣

ˮȻ֮ʢ
˵ЩųأʳʽǵŵȵȣδۼЩҲǵ;˵ĩˣЦҪ֪ȥʹӣӿɱκ˶

ʱȤԷʱĿˡ
ˣԳȥȥ档




39.     


ֻ, û뵽õһȫ֮Ļش
䣺ȥ𣿡
ʣȥ
ͷԱɴһҾ졣
ָָԼȷңҾ𣿡˵ݸ, ɷ˵ʼղݸ, ңʱв
䵭˵, 㡣

Ц, Ȼ˵, û⣬һ£ţ˲ȥ𣿡
еļλݼҹ, ǲȥԼȥ᲻ᵼȥˣ
Ȼָʱȥġδȥȥȥ
ȥȻȥ

û뵽, ؾĵһΡ桱, Ȼȥʹ
ָֽš
˿ȥʶʲô, ˹, 䶪ˡ
ˮһЩ򵥵Ļʹ, ˶࣬һ, ˴˶Źءߣй, û˸ΪЦ
Է

ȻҪ졣߰ģ·ûü֮ǰĸʱ·ʲ봩Ҳʡ
϶ֻȥ̡
ڵӽ£в̡ˮǸܸɵģȥգü·鱦ȱϻ˲٣Сô̫¡ء
鷳ʻ΢΢ȡ

˵ʱȫȣϦã±ա
ǺʸϽƴҩÿλʱ䣬еҩرȻơÿ۰ͰſǧҪηǧҪǧҪ´ѩ
ʵȥߡ
ôڣ⼸վȻκʱҪæҲЩĸо

Ϧգһһ޷ѩջһչ⣬ʱһ

ʱʼʵͣ˸ҳٵδʱ½½ʻ𳤶ӡ
˳ѩﺮѡ
ƿسֻŮҲ˳ŮĻ֦չѩɫһĨ羰ϧһҲʶ

ݴˣ
⴫
ڱϱĿۣʾڳеȺ򣬱һۣƿ³ȥ
ˣˣ硣һδ뿪̫Զͬк
˴˱˴ˡտҪݴ˺úúȼ
нŲȻ֣Χ̸ڼ仹Ů졣

죬벻ᱻע⣬ֺ棬͵͵⿴
ֻƬ̼䣬ܱվ˲ˡ
ǹ磬شѰմ˼°Բۣɫѻ멣˱ͦ񣬶˵һ֮

һת˫۾ϣ紺ˮһ
֪ΪΣ΢΢е㲻·Сʱ򿴼ĸСΧŵĸо
о̱ɢ
͸ͦÿģ롣

ŻмܹȽȥܱϵ׷״ӳԤ
ˮƿ
ͷʾʹȥʱ߹ȥվߡ

ԸоȻһĿ⿴һΣϡ
ʱеţôһʱ޴롣ʱϰ˿ϲ֡еţʲôֻ·Ĵ׵
ɿ䡣
һֻҡ
˵ϣתߡ
æϡ

ںӢȥһξ롣·ĹԶԶǰͷȳʼҪСܷܸһΣǨٶȡ
ʵһ빬Ȼڻʹĸ߿ԶΡԻͣȻ֮󣬱ʹʵ̫ˣһͷƵģߵĺۺۡ

ӢڰϰŰмţԱҾ룬
λǰţлʵ֮ʵۻδ
ԣܹԱ½ָоĿ⡣̲סԳ俿СôҰ
˵¶ѽɹߣʮůͣչһչۣ·˼һҲΪɰ
ʣ

ԽദԽܷĳЩΪ֪һ棬˹ϵ׽ʷ֣һ˵ЩôĻʱ򶺵֣ʱͦˡ
Ե䡣
΢𴽽ǣٶҴδҾ˾Ȱˡ
ԭˡ
⣬֪ݺ󣬱㲻ٿ㡣
Էġ

ߵλ½
ʱި֮Ժ֮ǰų֣ǰ¡

Ժ֮ע⵽ʣԺ֮һ棬һʵ䣬λǣ
򵥵ҵġ˶٣ֵݼҵġ
Ժ֮ˣŶԭľˣʧʧ񡣡˵Цʱȭʩ

Ѵ˵к֪ݣֻλȤóϵܺãͶУʶҲмֺøУ΢Ц
ި֮˼֣ĿһӶ

Ժ֮˵ʵȴˣżλ

ҲŹؾһεüգ˶࣬͵͵࿴ۡǰĸ˵ģʵ۸һҲ۾һӡһǸЩͬġ

ʵۿȥʵҪ̬üһĴ֣Ȼƽ˼ǹȥԵ϶
ʽ硣
ʱʵע⵽ʣ֪ݺ󣬹һЦǰѡ̵ģ͸ʡл¡
Ҳڶ֪ʵݣȻ

ʵ˵ȥˣʵˣ԰ɡ
ڿԳˣ
ʺһеݼҼλСΪβˣģǳһٷĲװ
Ϊ˸ӣûԶ٣˭֪ǰãѶļꤡʳһʶҪðˡ

Ͼϯն̸£ʵѵõķɣȺ̸Ц̣һʱƽѾԻ⽻һƬ֡

Ӧֻ꣬ͷԡ
ζɶׯţ˹˹һһڳԣꡣ
Ƕ̣յͣϸʽ
ϿЩ̷ŵԶʸС첲̣вֻ۰ͰͿš

˵Ż۾ȴʼʵĶ񣬱֣вˡ
ʶʱˣлл͸硣ζĳ

ó𣿡ʣ۳ʲôԵĺ㣬ԶһܸСʳóԵľͶ㣬óԵľٳԵ㣬ȥԵġ
óѽ΢΢𣬳Ե촽

͢ʽ࣬ЩҲУЩȴŷζЩãЩȴΪһСèʺÿ
ǾͶһ㡣
ҲѵȫɣԵĿģҲſ
ʲô
ԡӡ


ʱ䣬ʱԶĬĬ԰æˣ˶ûô˵

һһʮȻȴֻ鶼Ҫ
⻹λ飬ŮɫĮ
ʱôչˡʱôչ˹λŮ
⽻䣬ӳ信˫ϣΪ˳Ƶ˫۾Сʱ°㣬Ц⣬º繣ֱġ

ʶԴȴ޲ϰദҲϰ䴺绯չˣˡ

ע⵽һ¡
ףôȾƣ
Ŀһת㷢ԱòƶǺȵľƣǰȴһ裬ȾƣҲֻԲơ
ʥҿԲȾơ
Ϊʲôȣʺķ
Ϊʲô䵹һ衣
ʣϲ𣿡
Ȳ裬˵
ʣвϲȾƵ𣿾Ƶζܺð
üͷŶȹ

ʳԵĲˣ¿ӣĸϲȣżÿպιҡ
һ
ʺȻһµʲôѵܲºȾ£
ЦЦһۣɲ˵
ȴоԼ¶ˣ׷ʵѽ
ˣ
ʣԡ

ֳЩ㣬ڱˡ
ĹŶе㲻ˡ˹˵ʱԹһߣԼˮ

ȻһϤӰ
ĸףԶɽ

Զɽżŵľ룬Ȼ翴ʱֲ˼
С֮£ڸʼĩŪΪջ֮¡˴һ٣Ȼɣ޷ء˿̼ʣЩΡ
ȴʮƽմ޹Щ·ʧȥˣҲˡ

ʺܿƿĿ⣬ͷвˮ

ģɳȥתת
ߺ
̧ͷ
⵭ɨԶɽķ򣬵ҪԶˣʱͿɳظ
ʳһŮʳ˺Ӣ

ӢߵѱɨɾѩĶԣطɸŻѩɫŨҶѤõΡ뽨׺ѩΪؼһķ羰

֮⣬вŮҲˣѩн
һʶһۣԶһƬ÷֣㳯ȥ

һƬ÷֣δ֦ͷǵ׺ż仨ȴмôļãҲ֪ǺƷ֣֦ɴ׳֦ҶïϺиС

ԭվһȻһ磬ɪһ¡
ĹŮæҪҪȥ
ʵ£ٴһ
Ůū澻ȥø¯
Ůתȥ

վ£ſ˫ۣ˸ԲĶӣҪǰߣȻһ죬߿һֱűߡ
ͷһһӡ
Ȼ̧ͷһ
ͷϣˣ

һŮïܵҶ䣬һڰգȻӴе䡣
ʲг

׼У
ŮʳָڴߣѹװͰ





40.  ʮ   ʮ

û뵽Ͼ, ʹ֮У֮¡ݵľ֮󣬵ûж຦, ŮĿ⾯裬, ±˷֡
Ҵ˴ΪƧ˹

ʺĴŮ
ֻŮױװ綼ʮֻ, ǽսĳλٻ֮ҵС㡣һŶ쵰, , üëȳ˺ڣ˸ŮӲƽüԳһ

ͷ
Ůûע, ˿ʡ
ҰѱӼ
Ůָ̬߸ϵζȴոյ׺ݣһڴִƽ̹ϣһֱ, һָָʽűߵıӡ

, ʰӡм֪ʲô, Ⱦ޵ĺɫ, ִǶżƯıʯ
Ů˵
ʽӷһ, ȴʧ׼ͷžһ´֦, ֦ϵĻѩʱ£һͷ
ѽʻæԴ
Ů˵
ӡ
žણƫˡ

ž, еˡ

Ů
ŮôôôС
뷴ַˣշ졣æƲʲôѽ
򴽣ѱһţ˵Լðɡ
Ů
ȥԵı˷֣һʱ˵ˣˡ

ʵҲ̫ƽϣŮȻ˵ȴᡣʻͷǹŮûôû˲߶ʽһ£˿ɣ±ȥˡ
һֱŮǸ֦ϡ

»Ů۾㶿ʣľ⡣
㡣ʰѱӵݸŮ
ŮعϴתΪϲ
ѽС㡣Ů´ȫû뵽ݣ죬¾ˡ
еС⣬Ŭǫ飺СʱҰⲻʲô
ǰ߸أࡣ
ֲáŮͷôСС¶һ֣ʱŮת̬ȣȻˣһɡ
ԱŲ˸λãϵѩɨ¶ɾƤ
Գɣһ¡

μӹģŮʡ
ʵͷһ룬ҲҲ𣿡
ŮƲƲ죬û˵ǣҲû˵ǣһ·ĵӡ
ϸѽ̲סʵ
氡Ůε˫ȡ

˵ʲôģ̫ˡŮƺУû˵ڡϾÿ˶ԼȤʶǰŮܺ棬ƺֻ֪ļҵĹ
ţŮȴˣļҵѽû㡣
ʻش𣺡ҵġ鲮ġһ٣ֲסݹ
Ů˲Բ۾ݹǸݡݹӵĳϲӣ 

Ů͵ܳˣˣոϯʥϻصʹ͹ʣڳ֮Ӧ֪ˡ
һ
ŮӶͶ۵Ŀ⣬ΪǰŮҲһ˭֪ŮȴһͬȻݡסһ𡣺ɣ
ɻ󲻽⣺డܺð
ŮӶɳˣʲôֲĹ¡

ʲŮΪ˵ȴԸ֮ܲԩ漴͸ĺܺðرáǲʲôˣ
Ůʺһ鲻٣ȻЦˣˣе˼
ʲԡ
Ůʵʲô֡
ʡأļҵģʲô
Ůһüҵְ˵㣡һʵˣȥɡҪ˵ˡ䲻Ҫݡ˵

ҲһԭǹŮԶԶ
ǰɣͦ˳۵ģˣȥ档Ů˵ţվӳͷһ֦һ˦ȥˡ
ʲҵ飬Ѹ
ŮǷ¯ݸʣװģת˻ȥ

ݸϣһֱŮ
ŮЩ·߸ϵĽݣ˷У˵ֱֱȥͶйرˬʡ
ʺ䣬Ů˼Ӧʶġ뵽ŮĶաŮ˵Ժ棬ǺδһͬѣʺڴŮĵ

Ŀ𣿡Ȼ
ʻعͷѽ
ϸɫЦеģ޲ףͷղ㣬ٴúתת

ףȻֻҪ롣
Ц˵ĺ⣬ǿǺ̬·Ҫʲô԰쵽Ϊ졣
ʶԻʹĺѾˣһξ㹻ʹΰ׳ȴϲݸһ㡣

յݸװѤûʣĵԺͮͮϦ֮ҹƽ֡
ݸҹ׼ãֻ˻
ȸԻȥ·㻹δðգ£Ϲɶ£Ӧ浽һʶʶԺúദ
ǣһͷˣڴ

е£ȥԺ㵽

ԺѿӣţͷԺĺ
ӴʱҲûˣ
˱ŸӤкʣһˣ΢΢һЦ

й۾һԵŮ
ǻδʽɡ歶Ǿһ꣬歶ͬꡣ˳ʽܵ

ݾһ꣬ȴ歶һߣվһԶ˫ã沿Ҳеƣӣֻݾ񣬿Ϊľ歶ȴż䵭
Ů໥
ʳѺ΢ЦݾòһЦ歶°΢̧䲻ȵĻ˸ʷ֣˿ʱжƴһӵζ
ʲԡ
˵ʲôȴ֪Ӻ˵˵̬е㲻

˵һȥ˵ˣСӤһСҡУѽѽź棬߹ȥСӤ
СӤһСӣһ˫۾¶Ķƣһֻ֣ڿл裬ʮֿɰ

̲ס֣׽סСӤ֡
ֻǻδüȻ歶һѻӿʵ֣ѹȵ˭׼õģ






41.  һ   һ

һ, ڿС
ڿһŵӣע⵽߶

ݾᳶһ歶歶ֵһ, СӤУ䱸ҡ, ӣٿСӤ
ڨȻ, ֱۡ

ʱ, ˡ
˶, һݸҹڿԿϯˡ
歶ݾ̤ʱ̻˸ģ, һͬ񣺡ֳ
ؾأǫ˳歶ȫƸոǸ䵭׺ģ
, ȴºͣɡ

, ˷Ըϲˣ˵, 歶ݾһ, ԭҪȥ, ȴסԼߡ
΢Ц⡣
歶ݾһ, ü

ݷ˺ݹڣҹԵЩ塣жڣҲ䳡ϾԼ, Щ
ʱ߳Զš
˵ݹţ߽һ˳ݷҲţݷڹǰ˳ִϷ˵Ĳ⣬ǲصģлʣΪ

ӿһů⡣
Сʱڱݹ꣬ĸǸֵˣ˼⣬ĸׯƹһԷʱҲַھӣһȺΧ¯̸Цޱȡ
ݸ֣Ȼȴһܰ

ʽղμӹ¡
һһˡ
Ц˵һǷĵġɶ£Ǽҵĳλ£ͷۡ
ݾЦ歶ǰ¶ˣ㻹˵
ЦҲֲ˵ŵǲᡣ
歶Ҳǻһ
˲棺ǺˣȻжء
歶Ʋ죬Сֹ˭ϡˡ
ĺ棬֪귢˺¡ҲЩȻ歶С㲻ʡģôԼ̬ȣҲֻԸʹȻ⣬Ժˣˡ

ʱ΢΢ЦڵǰЩвʣڿɶˣ
ݾллֳģһԣ޴󰭡
歶ҲõĲˣллֳġ
ף䣬ٳš
ͷ
˼ҳ歶ݾһһ䣬˿Һ

һԿţȻо歶ݾеšǼֱͦĶ˶˵ʱĿⶼ䣬ɫԶʱ⣬ǫĿк뾴أȴִһĨź;η·𲻸ҿ
˵ʱʵڲãѧԽʱģ

ϯβһȹƣԹ̣ҹ㵽˽
ջԪ󳯻ᣬŮ죬ڣδȫ˰ҹ˱ûƹܼҴЩСŮ꣬˱ɢˡ

ˡ
歶ݾ䵭һ仰˵

˲δ֮΢İӿ
ʿȷ歶ݾĲϲ

Ϊʲôأ
ȥ벻ԼˡͳûмǼΣһʽ棬ʽ˵ϻǶĲӺζ
̶̼λ棬ʿԸо歶ݾѩˣǶʵĲҲѩǰĶͿ̱
ΪβϲԼأ
ѵԼǲϲˡ
ʺܿһ뷨
Ȼȥһʱ䣬˵˴Ĳ⣬δɴ˱ԹȫԼһСֻǻᷴʡ˼ԼǷĲԣз˼ɻ䣬˲ϲ

Ǻѵġ
Ȼȴ·ƨɣòеʧ䡣
ˣҲˡã⣬ʧҲ͸һ㡣
ʵ벻ͨҲȥ䡣

Ҳû취£룬ĸǰ˵˵뽻ҪԵ֡ҲԺ歶ݾ֮תĿǰɣȻϲ㾡ǽӴˣý֦

֮ӣѩµҪǣܲŵı㲻ţһʵ歶˼û档

ǹ꣬ȴæԪ󳯻ᣬʡԱĳᣬʹڴᡭЩ¶ʵ۶ٲý䣬ֱ壬䷽ѿõռڡ

϶ñɫѥ̤ѩããĮԺ֮
䣬ȵҡ
ͷԺ֮첽׷

˵ǰ޲סڹλ˵ݴȥˡһ³ͼææؼң䣬ⲻ԰
Ժ֮£һײ䣬üŪۣĲ
䵭ӣע̬
Ժ֮ӻ֣ǣ̫æ㣬Сô°
䲨ʲôô£
Ժ֮ٸװô꣬ͷؿôһ

ʽЩʱգ䲻ٲ໰ⶼйضˡ˵䲻ŮɫֹˮŮ䵭ȴ룬չ˵һ档
Ժ֮Ҳͬɱʲôϲӣ֮Ļ˵ʵ

Ŀǰøһ
Ժ֮Ҫٱʣȴʵˣ
˵£Ժ֮ɫһˡȵˮУŶҩΪżŲݣ置֮ϡУ֪

żŲݣ״ͨҰݣѷֱ棬ɫζ䶾˵̫ǿȴΪ⡣
˻ԣ˯֮ڣڼžһһʳʹݻٲʶֱȫʧȥʶϢȥʶżŲݡ
¶֮˲ȻУʶѰżŲݣݸǼ̴ӣڲˮ¶̫ҽֻ֮պϢ
Ȼ˭Ҳûϵݷ˼ͶҽһϲӣϲӾǸС죬֮УƼžɢʶ

Դ֮ʱ޵֮Цˡ
Ժ֮Цʲô
΢΢һЦ˵Īþ㣬ʵǾˡ
򵥵Ľ˽˯е¡
Ժ֮գƣҪлݷˣҪлСþ

Ժ֮ſ˵룬һ㻤˯ʱ˲񣬻£ҳȴϣ߶߶ײһ
Ժ֮ҡͷѹ˼ҺãһȷӦ˺áţ԰Ų֪ȷΪˡ
ݵһΪˡ

Ժ֮ɣ𣿡̸ָֻ꣬ģ⣬ҲԵ֣ѵüһģҪҪǡ
ޱԺ֮Сֻ뾲歶һߣ˵ݲǳɼ֮¡
Ժ֮ÿǡδҲᣬٹ꣬Щ²Լ

Ʈϸѩñϡ
Ժ֮ŵʱȢɷɣȢǲȢ
䣺ᡣ
Ժ֮һء֮ң첻ҡ
Ȼ㡣
Ժ֮Цһǰ䣬ҲⱾ¡һϣȷ㡣

˲Уѩ´ӡ
˵˵ȥ㲻ûϲ˰ˣôˣЩԭǣɻܼ֣
΢΢һ٣ܽ˼Щ绨ѩµ˼õϣҲࡣ
˴Сһ𳤴۾ֵܡԺ֮仹Сһ㣬һΪֳ㣬˽½⣬һ˵һ

Ժ֮еԩ⼸æҪˣܶ㴭ˡʲô绨ѩ£ǹĵ˵Сɿɰļ곤ˣ϶Ľ
΢΢šüС
ŮǺܿģԺ֮һһҪ꣬Ǵˡ

ƽĬǰУѩƺԽԽˣǳǳһ㡣

Ժ֮ӭУǺһ磬㵽ʱ˼أҶһ֮û˼أҲģΪľˣҲѰһź£һ䡭
ɫȻ² д㡣
Ժ֮ˣ
䣺ΪӣҪлӵӣʲô¥𱡣
Ժ֮

Ժ֮ʶ·ˣʶȤı죺ðɣ˵ˣȥһ
䣺Ҫؼҡӵ֮£Լ취ϣղҪң塣
Ժ֮Ҫ䣬ҪҶȥ
һ˦䣬ȥ






42.  Ķ   Ķ

, ȴɲÿС͢䶼߲ݴţݹӦ꣬ƽﵹ, ʱЩӦ޷⡣
ͷݽҲͳȥ, ȥ˺üطæա

ʱ, ͷ, ߽Ժ, һЦ
ʵġ
䴽ǲưɢԺͣſ, ͷ

ѵѩͣˣڷбһգҲͣˣ㵽ɢɢ
ˮ˸ë, ˱㵽ѩӡ˶Ķ, ʣֹԲ, ʮֲ㡣
ΧһȦ, Űȹ, ɫţӸ߸߷, ȥߡȶˣϡ
ÿ
ǰ, ֻ㣬ײһһ·ֿ˫˫ء
˱Ц
ҲЦĲУµĹâӳѩɫЦպüۡ
𽥱İЦˡ

俴ʣüͷչ
ǰԺ֮ĵ٩ڶߡԣʮأȷĸŮ׽ԼãҲദ
Ե˼
Լ
һʼֻ֮ģΪһֲƺεζǸϲ۰Ů̫Сˣֻܿá

ôԺأ
䷢ԼųͶԴŮҲվǺңԶ¡ݼңϱݼҵʹδǰ;δ÷Ʊãһжδ֪ڳ䶨֮ǰû˼ҲԸ޹֮ǣ
ʵЦݣֻһ뷨Ҫģõģֳ

Ҫʲô
һգʡٹգʵ
ʾȵϻѾѽ
˳ϻ˵ջٸһΡ
û뵽仹ǵãЦǲնûϵѽѾˡ
һﻹǿ͵ġ
æ֣ҪҪ治Ҫˣϻظ̫

ȴ΢΢šü˼ʲôáůģʲôҪ仹ǵ㹻ϲ
ʳ°ͣſڰϣЦ͸ж䡣
һ̧ۣ΢΢üôˣôҡ
̫ˣҶԺôر

乴ʵһŵ㣬֪㲻̰øжҴӲϲл⡣ȻΪ˵õرܵõԷԷǼõ¡
м˸㡣㣬Ҿˡ
۾
㽫żŲݵ½

𣿣ʲ˼飬ܾǲģɰӣƺûҪôһһһǶһһ룬üٻô
ġףһ
ʿЦеˡݷ˵ʵĹͣȻҾӹֻǿ׻֪ԼȻаﵽæġ
ֻǸоԼҲûʲôѽ
պҪرӦõġ˵

Ծе㲻ҵõѾ̫ˡԲҪʲôˡΪ֮ģݼҸѾԶԶεģǶ˵ҲһĪݡĳ̶ֳϣѾ֡
ޱõģ
ЦˡСһʵҲеС

ν̸֮Ϊ±ȥˣûٷϣգ仹Ǹһϲ

գ˶ǲȥл׼ʱһ档

Ƴϣ̤Żѩ첽顣
ź󣬴Ҳδüѣеʣ
ܹվǰ
֡
ʲôѽءʱģϽ֣ĿעĶ

һһֱʱͣ͵һ룬Ȼͣסɫ΢΢һ䣬СһĪǱˡ侲˼룬ҶС˶Ƥǻġ
֣Ƭ̺󣬸оë׵ȣʲô󣬵ʱһ
ȻһֻСè
ͨѩףƴС̫վȣв΢΢ϸϸĽУȻãʮʮһֻСè

ģıϲˡ
żȻ֮Ƶ
ȫСèסСèŤŤվţ̫ɰˡ
۾ɫģСèȻһۣʯ㡣
һԴèӺֻɵúúǹŪèɲš

һƳ£ºٺЦ˵һߡ
̧ۿˣúƶɫе㲻ԣ漴͸磬Ūѽ
䵭·ͳ
ԱϲϲŶһ

èȷ·ͳֻиС

Ժ֮ĸǰϲèڹרū࣬ƷèԺ֮Խū
ǰգԺ֮żȻ˵һֻè˼ֻẹ̀ƷʮϡȱüλͷĹŮҪһ
Ҫһֻ
Ժ֣֮ףСѽˣôҲøһֻأèĺܣȫ¾ôֻƸ

λӶδڹоסе˵Ȳ룬Ժ֮ԭֱӽè³䣬ϴ佫ˮ֮¾˻Ϊһѡ
ȴרŵūгһ˼ҵèҲͣ˭Ҫèȥ˼ƸʽЩģè

ա
ǵϣʵ۸ã¶ȵ¡
Ȼʵͣӡ
ôйζ
ڳͣ£ʶ
ǰǰȷζ
㣿
㣿

ڵأÿɨκH
ʵ۰ڰ֣䣺䣬ŵ
䳤˫£Уһƽݣδż
ʵɻѵ޵ıӳ⡣˵˵Ҳ¶ɻ󣬻ǲԼˣζޣŪС
ֻζ¡

ŵůˣζʼ޵Ĵڣòǿңʵ۱ͱŪķٱζһѬֱͷǣƬ̣˦ǰ˳Ҵȥ

³󣬾ֱȥӵڣޱͳһСɣޱ鶪Ժ֮ޱè
Ժ֮ɢζСɣЦ





43.     

, ݣͬһ񣬷·𲻻᷸κδһֱǻʵۿб˼ҵĺ, Ժ֮СܴݲУ漣ץһ, Ȼ˴ţȴԾЦֹ, ֻ޲ȫ֮
ޱĵԺ֮Ц, Сèˡ
ϻϲЦ, ԭԺ֮

ȡʲôأʡ
⡣˵

ǰδèСè̫СˣʵЩ޴֡רŵè, ͷèõĶһӦȫˮɽȥ˰գ㲻ôæˡ
СҪޱȵϸġȫ, Ƣ, Сè㿪ʼ, ϲſʻ˯

СèٲȻΪԺһ, ߵﶼ
ʱԹʱ, ʱϣʼͷš

, 䡫
һȻˣǰһ̻ʱϹ, Ժпܼѩˣȥ̱󣬷Сèˡ
˷ͷѰҡ
èè
è䣬è䣬СɆ
С԰˸飬ʲ㼱ˣѩͨѩףѩʱ밨ѩͬΪһɫѹûܷ֣Լˣ
ʧЦɪɪ壬һѩɡ

ѩȴ˰̺ͰС⣬Ҳܳԡ
Էʱ㲦һϵĲ˸ҲڶԱ߰રળˡ
ѩڳһϰʵĸԣÿճԵ̣ԲʱţʵսתѩսҲƤˣϲܡ

һգѩܳȥˣ׷⣬ȴ벻ˡ
歶ݾ֪ʱС԰ѩܵ˽űߣ̧ͷİˣɫ۾ѩ͸Ĳ

ǣʳ⡣
ϻسϦǶ˺󣬼δ档ҲʵһС԰ǣӦġ
Ȼ
ݾֳ鷿ȡ顣
ˮ˳æȻ˺վһԡ
֪䲻ڣǵԺ
ݾ歶˶ԺƳһۣݾˣȡȥˡ

˵Ҫߣ歶ȴδͷŽ¡ֻѩֻצӴ歶Ľϣ·ʮ
æѩ򣬹
ѩһ̧ͷ歶Ľ
ݾûסѽÿɰ
һʱЦŮӶϲЩͬϲǰ֮ľƺЩ歶಻֮ǰǰң˫עСè¶ϲ֮顣
ǿԱܹԡ˵

歶СĽѩݾչִѩԴ
èݾʵ
歶ɴŵ䵭һֱû˵ѩ˫ȴʮͣһֱѩ°ͣ֡
ʵͷѩ򡣡
۾ƯʲôƷ֣ģݾʵ
ۣҲáȷʵֻ֪ѩϡС

ˮһЦŵè˵ҲʮǰϹֻ͢ū˼ֻẹ̀ʹӱӵһֻ
δ䣬ѩȻһٽ·Ȼܾʹ歶һצһ歶֡

ͻȻıһ
ѩƤȴδӹˣҶСצ歶ֱֻһǳǳİ׺ۣδ˼Ƥ⡣
û°ɣһæʵ
歶ݾѱɫոյºЦת˲ʣݾ鿴歶֣Ŀⵣǣȴִһָӵɫ歶ָֻǰʱģ

歶ѩ򶪸ʣһۣ޺޵˭ϡ
԰գתˡ
ݾҲˡ

æҽסѩ򣬿ŶȥӰԭΪԽѩ˹ϵƱ˭ϳ棬ʧͷѩ򣺡СƽԹԵģôȴץˡһץ˿Ǻá
ˮοӦǶﲻע⣬־ˣŪѩѩŶ㣬צӶûأ˲ˡ
Ծе㲻ģˮصعȥһ¡ˮ󣬻ʣ歶ްԾе㲻ˣ䣬ʹˮ

ˮҡҡͷλӶͦõģ䲻ȴҲǸģƢȴԽԽˣ֪ô¡ﲻؽ黳նͺˡ
򴽣ЩĪȻãһ¾ע

Ҫȥģ
һգʣȿѧá
Ȼ˫۷˲ѡ

ӺᳫŮѧŮѧԺϰвŮѧԺŮӲÿƾ٣˲ٲŮŮҪʶ֡򲡵˼꣬ٲѧˡ
˸ˣҲЦ⡣

ȴȻһ£ɵ˵࣬ʱϲϽô죿
ˣصġ⼸սƵ̣ŮѧԺͣԼһࡣѧġȽݣϰأйݡ
ͷѧԺֳи߹ݣɣйݽף߹Ϊ߼

ֻ歶;йݣѧк⣬ǡ
ƽæµ覹עλõĹϵУ歶ΪֻΪŮദܺáһ£վûи֪ĸо
ѧϲøǹ
ҲպԺһЩദ˽⣬ȻȻĻء

¹ȥ˼һĴѩͣЪ
Ҫˡ
Ļѩ֮£̲ʻδϰĴ죬ȴһָоϰĴضޱ

һգϢԺѧķıʡ
ݵıʣݵīݵֽݵ⣬ϵȼƷ
ʱıϲǮЩù󰡣ҲſʼѧôõĶա
飬ӦЩõġҪиҪϧֽϧī ĩˣڵúѧǡ
ͷȻͷе

ѧգǡ塣
ѧ
ȻˣڣĪİġճԹ˱һͬš
һ𣿡ʺ뵽ǡ
͡νȥĴݼ
ʵͷ㲻ʡ

ԺλڳԶΪϰŮԺŮѧΪӺ嵱سҵŮӡԺɭϣһѧһͬʣȴԺڲۺͿѧ⣬κ˽ۣԼ˷ٷ벻ڣ

ͣפ߽һԺ䣬߰ǽɰس࣬ľ뷿ԻźѩĲ粻Ժѵ˲ˣſڼ½ȥ
ʸԴš
ԺζŻͬˣǺڴѵģȻѩ֮󣬻ݾĪĲϲ׵ϰ˽ͬڱݡҲΪʱС

ֻǵ֮գвʽѧԺڽΪɢŮվԺУȺ˽˵˵ЦЦ¹ű裬˳ڣ˸ñ档

һ߽ɲǼ˶ˡ

ֻǼ˷䣬ģͣһʱԺһƬף˶뿴
ھǼ˲֪ڹǶԣǵһӵͷΪҹǣ׺εġȻ˵ȴָ

մΪҳɫۣڸô멣ɫëס򢣬ĵŹ
λеˣǰΪɫ
Ǽ棬߹С㣬Ȼһ̣ȴҲ̲סס
ֻǡ
ף˭

ģðĪɫݵİΧಽ䣬Ī
ȴĿ޶ãֻעʣͷһۣʾϣҪ񣬲ͣУ£Ժȥ
ǰȻˣ歶ݾͷҴҹ
ֳôˣ
歶ݾʮĵ






44.     


歶ݾ, ʮĵ

ͣ½Ųã΢һ, ܼˣ
ݾֳܼҸߡ
歶ԭžϲЦ, ʣЦݱٿȻˡ
ͷ, , ȴȥݼ

ʶԶ˴Ҵҵͷ, ǰԺ￴歶ݾվԺһͩ£ǵķ

ԺԺ, λ
Щ˶һ壬ʵѧҲڳҪְ, , ѧԺȡλ̵ӣһ, Ц
Ӵ, ݴˡ
ŷ, 񣺡ʦλʦһҰɡ̵֮, ġ
Ц⣬ǺѣȻλӡļ, ̸ĩˣǰ񣬾衣
˲裬ͷ
ԺѧӦһͬʡǰպ󶨵Ϊ̵ҷıǡ

λʼնΪͰʳʱŷľȻ˺Թһϡ
ʦ뿪ˡʻѧԺУ糪ѧѧӹܻȥ

Ժ֮ˣ˽ʳͬʱסڣĿˢˢͶע
һȥˡ˵
ȥʵ
ֳҲ㡣歶ݾ

һ𴩹ȣߵ⡣ݼڲԶ£ſͣ£ףȥɡͷ䡣
Ҫ
ʶȻһĻţոͷֻŽţã£ȷʶԼҪһİԺȻһգɻؼңȴͷЩҡ
ôһ˲ؼң¡Ȼⶼǲܵġ

ңɣ¡ڰ˵
ĺɨһۣȻѧãһǽΪѰġϰԺ٣Щÿѧ֮գ·ԺſڣֿܼĨģҲ˽棬Ըȥ
㡣俪ڵգܿ졣
ʵͷԾ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ䡣
䣺

úĻʲô£Ҳڡ
˵תݾտЩ
ݾһ򴽣üۣǡ
ƽһ˽ѧãһˣȥҲЩˣôкѴԼڣҲ˸ʡ
Ҳ˵ˣĩˣ֣Եʵͷ
ѧһ㡣

ߵ£ܿʻ롣
ʧڽֽǣٿˣʷջĿ⣬ݾҲһֱվԭأĿ뿪

ʿˣкȴһۣ˫˫תֱԺ
ʣ
˸ոǰ˳Ӧֻǿףδʵһ¡ЩʧȴҲȥ⡣
ܽãƽ±á
һ´ȥ

һת߽Ժ

Ͽε鷿δ˶Ժڻ´š
ʸһ룬΢һָֻ̬˵ЦţֻǲʱʣĿϴת
ʳݾ˭ҲʶݾһǵĳţҲԲôǰȥһٴվţȺ鷿š

ȻƬ̣ȴм˴
鲮ҵģʣ
ʮŮбʴģҲбСģ˷ܵʣʼǲ޶⣬ͷ
סݹ𣿡
ݹסĽ𣿡
ÿ춼ܿݹ𣿸ոɣרԺ
ݹڼжЩʲô˽Ҳ𣿲Ц˵𣿡


һͷˮйբĪ׷ס漴ЦãΪҶ棬˭֪ȴǳģейء
ϻȥʹҲܵעĿ񣬵ڻʹǹأԶǰֱӡ
ǰֻԼ֪ǳᵽˡ
ͷ΢ĸо

Ϊʲôȥ歶ݾأǵֳ񲻸
ЩĪ¶ʵ룬ף歶ݾ˵ǼˣóȻȥʣп̽˼Ҽ֮ӡ歶е䣬㣬ֻ˵Ҳƽ̸棬ƽ˼ء
һ˵ĳ֣ȴһʯǧˣȻʵ̳£ԾֻԶۣȴǿ̫黯ľˡ

˵˵ѽ˽Σ𣿡
Ŀƣߴٵ
ŮδΧȴŶ䣬רע
治֪ǺãӲͷƤãͺܺõġ
𣿸ոտо䣬Ҷе㲻ҿһŮ˵
ҲǡһŮ˺ãֻһ˺ðɡ
˷ζЦ

ѩûԺȥ˱Ժ֪֮ǰǻ˵ԺѧôȻע⣬ԸԵʣ
ŮЦţ˵Ǹѿ𣿻˵ʱݹӽߣҲ𣿡

ţ΢΢ü
֮£ʹûٶ룬һڳڣһ취˶ĿܻᴫȥһЩ֪ʲôģ
ѩ磬ǵ׼ϱϰɣѲǡ˭϶ȴδ֡
ѵ˵

룬˫۾ǲ޶⣬ȻվǸ˼˽£˶˵ڣȴȻݾ
˭ֳôأǲأã
ݾڲԶ֡
һ첽ݾȥ£歶ǰ

ݾʴ󣬱վһԣҲ˵歶ڳϣ俴ʣڵ
ݼңݼҵˡݼҺֳ£˵
æûСҲᡣһ٣ոûע⣬ٲˡţллǰҽΧ
ʾ£лȴ歶һЦм˭ˣԼˡ
ݾĮȻ̧̧üͷ

һ̣ûסðһ£Ҿˡ
Ŀ͸ɻðǣ¡ţĲԣʾҿԸӲԱᣬе㲻֪ô졣

ݾ⻰ɫЩɶ歶ǽ㣬ȴ¶ƫ歶歶ȻҲû뵽ʻֱɣ̹ϣ΢΢һȴΪ·е߳ŭ
˭ϡ㣡Ϊ˭˭ںˣ
歶ͷѹŭ׺Ӳŭƺʲôӿݾס֣ʾ侲Ҫ˵
ôһ˲䣬ʺȻһһͷƮȻ̫ˣת˲š

Ȼ죬һӣۣѧѧá
歶ݺݵһۣݾ˫˫뿪ȥйݡ
ʲ֪żһݵߡҪߴѧãҪߴѧã
æȥ
ſһͯʱ֣ͯһǣʽȥ
ʽ鷿Ѱ˸λ£һ

գԺԶȥֻǵ
ƣ飬ȻѧԺѧӹ桭
ֱʱһн죬飬ͣ˰֣Լҹﷵҡ

ֻһֶݣеۣȴʮ־
ˮɽ֣ĸԺ˶ˣһ·˵ЦŻݸ

һС԰ԶԶģվһ÷£ſڷ
һʵȴʡ





45.     

˵ؼ, ǼǳҸ¡
һ䣬Цɿ챼䡣
͸, һ

俴ǰЦգһ, ǰʵԭζæʱ, ٽʱ, ̲סƵƵ⿴
õ, ôӰ
һƣȴ֪ΪΣǰܸ뿪Ժ֮ſʱ۰Ͱ͵ģ, һˡ֪ԺϰߣûĿޱӣ̰棬Ӧ̾ͻ
Ļ
ʱ·ˡ
еĲɣԶ飬Ժ, һ, ԿϿ

šû
ʽ˶, ϴ, ǰ, ԳԷ
һյƻӳճʵ, ʣǰţȻӦá

°Щʲô
¿ʳ, ָͷһᣬѧӹ档۾ͱīȴˣðƤд֣պͷԺͯͳһܣÿشȥ
ף
ʵѧӹóóööࡣʱֱģֻպСı㴥
޹زɷԲԺɭϣǺ¡պúøѧǶʵѧ֮ˡ

ͷȴһ£䣬ʵ˵ѩ籾һֱԺ飬ȴδ
ʱǣպ˵ˡ
ĵͷӦò̫뿴ǡ

һʱ֪˵ʲôãŵʵҲáһƳ䣬ϽʶȤ˿ڣлллл͸磡ͷһᣬ¶ָмֺЦݡ
üͷһû˵ˡ
ůڣȻѩ磬۲ĲܲáϢΪǵˡ

պö˵ءʵ
Ŷ䶯ָҨһʾʺ˵Ȼ⣬Ӧš
ʵ˵ÿ˵˵׵ġûпȥֻǽͻȻĳ֣Ժ䡣
ءˡ
Ŷ˵ģ
æʲôû˵ûС˰죬뵽һʣûг㡣ݸҲֶû˵
üɫ޷Ը˵˵Ҳûʲô˵ġ

Ŷһ룬ǲ˵ա
Ȼһȴʶʱ緹
棬ҶֻԶ۲ɽհ֮ˡ
һ㶣⻰ֱ׵㣬ǡǵòˡ֮⣿̿Ц
ִݵ⻰Ҫȥ˵վΪˡ
㻹˵
Цͣһģʵ̫Цˡ
жʱҪЦһʧǣܻǺ˵
ʱͣԾɴЦ⣬䳣˽̵һЩ飬ȴδ˵̻ѵĸоҲδǿʷǰɣ·ֻ֪ЩأҪҪѭȴνȫƾԼ
һʵĸĸ֪ķִ֪ȴӲ

ѳԱ¿ӣְʢڽ¶ȣԾš

ʳԵչĹңü䡣
ЩŮȤ⡰ݹ˽ʲôġġΪҪѿ
ȴкȵζ
治֪ǿ˽ģʲôӦ

ʼҲһΪ룬ЩȻսദȴƳ಻ͬķ档ʱãһأԽԽ벻Щ벻Ϊ֪Ĳ֣ȴøʵʻ

ϣԲٵüֽţʰáʣƯķƤ棬ʵ֡

ǺʵĶʽʼ

һտʼ䲻ǰ磬ȴҲƽǰ˯Ȼˡ

Ժٱۣ˯ʱˮٽӴʱ̱Ȼʹģڶյ糿ȻǿܵģϾȥ飬ѧµĶӴµ£ͦõ¡
ʹǶĹ̡

ƣġ

ݼɹݣǰֻ飬д֡һ䣬ѧһ䣬ǧġ
ѧĺ档ǱСһģҲͲģȻһգʱ㷢ǵĲ

ƣġ¡
ʱ˶ʮ䣬ˡ
ʱˮ˶ԺãһͿԼסô࣬Ҳ˵һʮѣԼҲ⡣
Ȼ֮ͣʣȴԾһһȥ
˿飬˿죬
졣
ṵ̂ΪʲôǶ᣿

ⲻ֪ЩҲŽݣڴ֮ǰڼл˽ɼڣйɡ
Ψʣֽһţֲʶһ

չΪ⣬㻻ַʽʼѧϰɹ
ߵһſʼÿľ䣬±˵
ֱͦһһ˳
м俿һ㣬Լ˳;ӡ
¡
ɲɣʲĵطʿĿİͰ͵δ˵ʲôȴշȡ

һҪס
ĬĬ룬ȻʹǼ䣬ҹ˯ʱҲĬš

ڶա
ұߵһſʼÿľ䣬±º͵˵
ʣ
Ǵ߿ʼôұߣҵľľ䣿
м˼Żææݡ

ա
мһſʼÿľ䣬±˵
ʣ
Ҫˡ

һʱ׵ֻǼûãļĺ·ʤյİ취ͨƪġ
ʼĲС
ʵɲżĸӰ죬ǺǿԸ񣬲һԼŬͺáʵ̵ĽȣҲδ
ֻݼңʶѹһʯͷѧ̫᲻ݼҶ᲻޹⡣
һѹ޴


죬һĿҵ
˵ռ֬ҪҪȥ䣿
ððߡ
ҲȥˣռԶزҪȥ
ȥԲ衪ĸ׽ʢԷ¥ͣ
Ůǰݱ˵˵ЦЦ߳ѧãȥˣ
ʰðװУҴһݸ

һ鷿һͷ顣

֪ظĵĪ
ʵͷĬݡ

ǰ鷿Ϳ򷢴ͨʱұס߿ʱɻôһôã롣ʾ۾񣬼ʳȫ
̧ͷһۣ΢΢̧ü
ĬĬţҵĵ͵
ī˿Ⱦʫ޸򡭡
һأһʲôôˣڿϼס˰
ʹ룬ʹ룬κһ飬ӵҲ벻鷿ڵůˣʼĶϾð˺

άͣʥ½ζ˱
Ȼ֪ʱǰһƳᣬڽʿǵݡ
ԣôһᣬ˲ˣ͵һţôˣ
ŭ֮ûأһֲᣬۣ˲Ϣ֮䣬ϱ㷺һӡ
Ŀʱ΢ʲôԼ

ĪͷɫȻ
üۣɫԻѧĲ˳
ʻãһʣҲ֪ΪΣȻһίȻӿͷίк̱һᣬˮӯۿҶϵ¶ȥȻΡ
䣺
û뵽˵δ⸱ǿ̵ģˡһ٣ҪޣԵꡣ
ᣬ⻰־еЦɬĸоˣӣѹȥ
Ųޡ
΢΢üȥվƬ̡
΢΢ɻȴ˳ӵվߵ⣬ֵҪԶˣſڣĬʮ

ѩδھҹ΢ʳ÷ţĿϮеĽˮܣȻɢԹʮתط
ڸоΣ˱²裬ݸʡ
ʵͷոż궯ƽϢ
ô˵˵⡣ҵ⣿
Ȼ̫ˡ

յĿҵ佲ˣĩˣͷ̾ȫᣬҲᡣǰѧЩ죬Ҳѧˣȴǳ̫ܳˡ͸ָеѹ͸磬ǲǲǶϡ
δش⣬ֻʣǱûסֻбʱ𲻳
¶ãȻδú⡣
㹻ʱ䣬˵㱳ܱ𣿡
һ룬ĩˣͷԡ
˵·е˼ˡ

ܺá˵̶գѧȫƪȻܳɫˡ
ʣǣÿʱȴ
ʾ£վ鰸ԣΪʲô

ĿգգۣʵĻش𣺡Ϊʲô͵˶ͣöˡһЩŮӶΪıˣΪ飬Ϊʵδô࣬ȻǺõģȴδһҪﵽʲô߶ȣĸ뷨ˣʶĶ֣֪պ󶮵Ŀ˱㹻
ϵ·ǧǧÿ˵Ŀĵزͬ־ա

ףɫ糣Ժֻ֪ģպԼһЩ˼ѡҪ󡣡΢΢ͣ٣ŵȲŸ߰˶ˣҲҪεͷΪ˭桪ݸҪҲҪ
ʴ䡣
ΪԼ飬Ϊ֮κ˱ȽϣҪäĿ׷һνףձնѧһ㣬ձȽոһѧģֹһ㣬񡣡
ö棬ѧģ˱㲻䵭вȴĺܺõˡҲɲ
ҪģҪģæ
ǾͿĶ

ͷ䡣ɿ䣬ĿȴºͣŲɫİֱֱⷬģЩʱѹͷһɨգͷʯȻ촷ۣʧС
һûססһֱֻۣȥɶůġ
͸磬ã̫ˣ
ڲסϲ΢΢ŵ

ʧЦеӳ̬Ƭ̺кЦһֻʵԴջѣϱ顣
Ц
ͷ᣺ǵĲ죬˵





46.     

Ŀ, ʷдʯʼѭ򽥽顣˵Ҳ, ͽ֮ԭܼǲסĶȴ˳ļסˡɼ, ѧʾǼ, á

, ֮ʱ, ʸԼҪҪ, 룬㽥ģ˽ŸС
֮ÿ鷿Уܻʱ, ϰ

¹, ǧġѧ꣬䲻ܵ, ȴҲˡ
ݷ»ֽ, ͼ, ʼʶ֡
ѧĺܿ죬ѧѧһ, ؼҺٸѧһ顣棬һϽȻȴλǳõʦ, Ϊֻýһĸϸȫ档ѧʲ׵ģõõĽ

дʱſдϧֽ˵
Ҳ˵Ҫϧֽʵ
ʶǰͷд֡
ס󣬡ͷֱۿ㰲õдֵĻǰᡣ
˫ɣɹ಻ɹɡ
дֲ̰ͼ죬صһϣڸСϼϵģм·ṹбʵͨƪϣʣƽתۣʣɡѧ֮ʣظУҪĴ桰С֮ʶ

ŮƽͣҲʮϲ󣬱⡣
壬̬ݣپʮֺÿ
˵Ҳɡڲ֮Լ֣֪ϲ֣֡

ġ棬ְֽϰ̶̰£Чдģ

ܺá ϸǴǰ̹λջƣü뷢ƵƵͷܺúܺá˵˸׵ȡ
Ѳʵһü׵ˡ
Ǹѧİաɬȴɼֺۼ
ʵͷӦǡ
ź룬Ц벻ʱ䡣һλʦɵúúϧѧ
æӦǡ

϶δȥˣλ˼׵ȻǸ˵ģҪؼңҲ

ǰȻվ˼ˡ
̧ͷͬѧգ˵ѻϵáʲôҵŮ档࣬ճӰ룬ĶĶ

ԺͬȽѧһͬʣɵѧ棬ѧУ廹عأȻ˽ͳţѧԺҲܲϵԹų棬ɱ⣬ȻҲӰ쵽Լ׾졣ֻԺдСⷽ沢̫ԡ
ʶԴ˸֪֮٣Ҳδⷽ⽻ʱֻһΪͬѧ

ҶΪעڷʵײ֮£㽥ʧȥȤּݾ̬ƺΪ䵭ֻʲôԷܶԶ֮ˡ
ֻʴˣӲķУɣûҲӲֻԼ¡˵ī֮࣬󷽷⡣棬κδԼ㲻ȴҲ˿Ϊ
һֲĬĬУȡ֣͵

һ
ͣ¶̧ͷòע档
δμ׵ȣ£ȻнߣļãΪԲָһۣƲƲ죬һԣȻְ
Ȼ۾һһš
дãдİաݹдİա

ʿȥǵȷдǰʱ䣬дһţʶġ
ע֣֪ν⡣
¶Цдá𣬸һ£ҿɺã
ŵиãʮĽݹӲŻҪˣ뽫
ĵǸˣȴûˡֱ䲻ϲԼĶˣͷ
ԼԸĶˡ
ǣҡҡͷ˼ܸ㡣취ɡ

û뵽ʻֱӾܾʱɫÿ룬ģҳһܿ԰ɡ
ҡͷǮ⡣ҵĶͣ
Ծɱǣѧ£ƽ͵֮Ի
ȴüëһ壬ܼݹӣݹӿҲӦʡ
ʱ΢΢ü˼ԣȻ֪Ϊǿѣ

һԼҭһ£ܲˣΪԸ⣬ǽдⶫ˵Ҫж٣αġ
ʼ֣˵˼
δ뵽ʿ޺ȴѶԸӲҪء
ţڰ׷˫ºȴᶨһ٣ֻӲˡ
㣡ĲУһӡ

˶ע⣬ԶԶۿţ춯һ׷׿
游ΪسȨƣΪף˸ĿŵҲδһӲʯͷĿ֮Ĩ档

ƫҪбûȥ
У˵գתߡ
ʼֱĿɿڴʵû뵽Ҫǿˣվ׷ȥ㻹
ڷȦλʣ滻֣ڼתתȥ߸߾ڿУʡ
漱ˣǲС˺Ҳ˲ô࣬ں׷šһʱ䵹ȥ
Ůֲ´󣬽кõĽкãƵĹƣһ㡣

ԺΪи߹ݣ˸߹ںԺ⣬йݶǰԺУ鷿ֿһԺӡ
ԺУݾǧϣλε

һһǰǸסǼҵʣ˴һţ
ݾһ̴ۣǧҴݡ





47.     

ʳԿԿ彿С, ٲಡ齣𲽻ָͷһ´ڸ, ɱͬ԰СһЩ

⣺
, ðŶŶŶ
ʺ, ׷ᡣ
šü, , ˵ұҪˡ
Цû˵Ҫң, ѽҰҰ
ʵ˵ģĻ㣡

ֻƣʿ֮죬ⲻ֪ȴģʴʱּŭ, ̶ѿȵѩǴ, ٱıԵҲѩһ㣬廨ͷ, ˣˣС, , ȴʵսʵĶ֡
Ĳ£, ȻȴȫȻһ¡
죬еѽѽѽ
Ÿֹ, һӴĻӴ¡

û˵顣
ĿһԱһŵӣҪӭӹȥ

Χ߷һƬ
ڴ˿̣˵ʱʱ죬ݾ歶ҴҽȺ̣ɫʱһ䣬ȵʲô

ʱŵû뵽ʾҪĶ֣ӻʱȻʶãŵһֱͷ۾ҲȻֻʺˡ

歶ʿͣס׺֮δˣٴϢȥ
歶ݾȺߵߡ
歶Ѹɨһۡ
ݾ콫ӷ¡ѧԺˣ뱻ϳȥ𣿡
ݾѣȻѧԺأһѧд£߿ѧԺһȥȻءʻعæӷ£ȴɶ档

ô£ݾʵ
ǿ͸ָ棬¼ľ
歶ݾһһվԣۿ档

˾δǿ򶨣ߵ˭ˣˣ˭ϡ㣡
ͬϵϵ£ԺԼҲֳɲͬӪһΪףһ歶ݾΪףƽҾˮˮల¡ȻҪȸ£ݹʤһ歶ݾԺ˸ǡ
ҲȻѹһأݾҲһƣһ仰δ˵ȴԲǡ

ѹ˻Ӳϡ
æʹĸƽۺۡ

ƲƲ죬ߵݼҵͦŸˣݹְֽϰдֲ˵ݼС㣬Ҳ֪ͦģΪء
һۣŸĹˡ

ŪЩ壬û𻵣ķʱ̧ͷ歶ݾлл
ƽʺ棬ѧҲӲһߣû뵽ؼʱ̣Ǿим
ݾͷϾݼң㲻ɡ¾ͺá歶߰ɡ
˵ߣȴδߡ
ĿͶעϣֳɫ
ɻ󣺡ôˣ

ݾ̧ۣһֿۣ歶߰ɣҪˡ
歶̧ͷĿϣݾһЩ죬ȴݾأ·ѹʲô
ĩˣ歶˵ѧȱߣ԰ţ㡣
歶һҪæá
歶ݾ뿪
ΧȺҲɢ

ǶƫԺϢ鷿еĴһֻ֪һμȥЩңô䣬㿪ʼϿΡ
״䶼ŮӣȴҲĬܲô˲͵ı㲻Ҫô˲ͣԼ

ԺһڣǼգձǰѧ
죬˷׷Ԥؼҡ

ʰ歶Լ뿪Ⱥ԰
ѧ磬һЩŮԸؼңڻ԰С
һδƼ歶ˣ뻹δѰһٴվŵǡ
˴԰ļã÷ͺĶʢţ̺죬졣ʵͷһ䲻֪ķɫ䣬룬֪歶к

Զ׼ģ歶ݾУ歶ռλܸоݾҲ׽ȴûô歶ͬкǿҡ·мĲԹ
Ϊʲô
ʲôԭ
ԼԤУܽҿɴõ𰸡

Ƭ̺Ų
תȻ歶ݾ
¶һЦݡ
ݾͷк歶ȴޱ飬ֱ⣺ó
ʲԣǴӰ˳歶ɷ˵һùȥݾչһͷϸ
ֳģרд˸ģݾʵ
ʵͷ
ֳд֣ôʱ䣿ݾʣ歶̧ͷʡ
ʱзëȴ֪ΪΣʵشÿһʱҡ
ÿ㣿ԣ㣿
ãȻеͷ
Ĳսԣ歶ݾĿһɫͬʱѿŷ

ǣֳǡ歶ⲽǰȥָʵ㣬ǡ˵ʲôȴֲ֪˵ʲô
歶ֻúݺһ˦䡣
Уһ˦һѿڵСġ
ʲ֪ʲô˵Ĳף⵱Ҳ벻ȻԼøйأſڵҪġǡ
ãԲͬȶԡ˵һݣΪдһݣҲԸġ

һȴͱѣһ֧ߣ˲ȼ磬ݾɫˢһ±ĸѿ
ǣֳĶֵõͣҪʩ𣿣

ӼֱķָҶݾŴʣҲԵüΪ
˵ʲôˣ
ʵʱʶԼһ˵ˣȻһȴϾֱ澿ãȻ壬Ҫһ£Ȼһٶȴɵۡ

˼ȻһȻȥȡ
ˣӦѸ٣ȥ

⼸ջѩڣʪģۼֿ죬̤֮ǰֽҲʪЩ
ѸᶶֽţִһͷˮΣҲЩˡ
ʲôѽ

ͻһһ򣬲ˤһӣɫ֣
ʽֱ󣬾ĺһ
ȫڣ˶ⶣһ棬һǰֻռȴ
ͷ۵ĲУҲ۵ĲС
ˣŸдȴĥŪĿҪĿȫǡ

ǰһȵ
һҡͷ
ݾһ䣬һ˦ŭʣҽƫҪбҲǰ
ҲǣҲǴܡҧǲҪҡ
Ȼȴ·ﵽ£ζѹƲס̼䱬ʻδ䣬ֱȥ

ۣˣ
԰Χ
ôԼ˴
Ӵһءͼͣ
ͬú˵
ۡ

ݾԭȥˣ˭֪ȴ˸һƨڵϣҲ˲ˣȥ
˱ǿһЩȻΪǧҲ˶񣬶̶̼йʱʵ
Ҫ˴򵹣Ƚϳȴ¡

һУ
Сۡ
һսȭͷϣݺݴǣ
һҡͷ ɲɣ͸ã˭ԣǣ

ʼչ˼ŶݣҲδѩǰʩӹ˺ºǡ
˴ܺ·ֻһ
Ǻһʱ䷴ѷʤŤһţ黨ŤŤȥ̤ŻѩŤŤ˭ҲƷ˭ֶ䡣

ΧżƶķΧƶʱ
˾ѽѷ֮ʣȻ䣬һɫӰֱֱˣͬʱһȣ
ѣޣ





48.  İ   İ


˲֪ǽ, עϣ˭ҲûǽͷϺʱ˸ˣȻ, Ǿ, һ
ֻһ£һҲƻ, ִһ, ֱսȦ, ϣʱȫײˣԼ, Ҳڵء

һ±ҵļֱκǾһӦֻΪݾİ֣˭֪ȴһѽ, ǰһ, Ȼݾγɶš
ʣ
Լģ
˭
һϳǱӣ, ǻʹ÷һ֮ԵŮ
ڴˣ

ݾվ, ۵, ϢſǺŮ
Ǻˣ
˵ˣŮһʮָ߰ţ۶֮, ֪֣ϻ˵һϣҪ, Ϊѱ𣡡
ԱϣбӺݺһӣڵϣž졣
ű歶ݾٶȴ
歶ݾ̻ػ

Ҫ򣿣
ʵֱЦãŮģȻ¾սֻһӣٶȳȥ
Ǻ黨黨Ťһš

ŶŶŶŶŶ
ͼͼͣ
ѽǱ˰ɣ֪ˣҪܷ
ΧȺԽԽ࣬ӴǽкõģģȰܵģ½гһƬ

㶯ھ˻δ뿪ǡ
УҴҸǿȺŤ黨ŵˣʧɫ
ɿɿ
սţУǰȥλСһƨϣѶͯǼʱסУŭȥǣϣ
ǿ׳ͯǰʹڽ
˸һͯסֿվţУͻУ˰뼱ţüëڶȵǼҽ˵ͳͳɢ
ΧȺɢ

˱У鷿ڡ
ܣȻܣУ֣ŭˣȺ嶷Ź˵ã˵ã
Ϣƽ˿侲ʶոշʲôһɨˣֻױңͷ߰㣬մˮվԼҲһǱǼҲ侲ȴԾɴŭУݵӶԷ

ϷʮأԺϰ꣬ŮӡУƽרѧɣײͷϣŭĿԲָż˵ǣǣɺͳɺͳ
ԺѧȻϵã⼸λͷСƽﶼֹأƽݣǶΪģû뵽ǲһˣ

⼸ˣݹģһǲģҲסݸһ
˭УʱŲһİˣװ磬ҲԺˣλģ棡
ŮʮֲмԺҲͽʵиǽͽˣ
㾿˭
Ůһ֣˵㣡ǲҪˡ
УüҪ˵Ů˼ʺȻ䣬ֳŮݡ
ðɣ˱ˡŮԽһӣ󷽷ʾˣֳǱӣһ˦
УŮݣʱɴ۾ӣ˴ȷˡ
£
ǱŮŬŬ졣
УΧͯҲ׷

ǹ
ʾˣӦæҪ¹ȴŮһסˡһ֣ˡ
ҽԷɷɡӺΨһĹԷɷɣʼ򵥽һ䣬תУ˰աȴǰ¡ѱ۸ˣǿΰ죿

ⲻʺʱ빫˺ѣУһͷֱԵ£ȱ𣿡
Էɷüëһ̧УһѣܲͣһҪ򸸻ʲһݹŰϲӣݼŮԴСԶ٣ʵ˵Ů
һҪֵʹȥɲġæԷɷɣͼ侲

歶ȴȫȻ壬Էɷ棬㣿Ҫùѹô˭㣡ȥΰεС
ʣ
У
Էɷŭ˵˭С
歶˭ϸС˭ǣ
ԷɷɣţҶ㣡屾
歶ʮҲ£ǼҼ£¡
Էɷɣѣ͸£
歶úӣ
Էɷɣǹ
ԡ
ݾ歶ʻæקԷɷ䣬˾ңۿҪˣ

סڣУһϺȣУҲΪ͢سд漸Էɷ歶ˣ˴ŭš
ʲôӣС㲻С㣡Уʹͷ۵ĺܣնȻȥú÷ʡմ˹дá

һҪģ⼸һŢǽ֦ҶŮ𶳳ʲôëȴ򷢻ؼҡ

˶˳ߵ⣬㵲ѵˮ歶ݾݸۣȫع
ոնʲô
ȻǴˣ
ݸҪνʲô

ιʡ
˽ʡ
ʻعͷԷɷɾǽ˷ҡڴųȥ
Ƭ̼䷢̫ˣеκģ˾ǹ
¡ʵ
ҷɷɰɡԷɷ˵
гɣǵͷɷɣлл㡭ţһ£𡣡
лʲô·ƽεŮɫ֮ͣҳݡԷɷɺƵҪؼ𣿡
ʵͷ

Էɷǰһ歶ǳݺһۡģؼң϶ˣջȥݸһʡ
Էɷһȥ
ذɡæ
ߣǶݸˣ׼ϻ۸㡣ڣ˭ҡ
ָжֺЦġݸǺܺõˣȥɡ
ܺõ˻һ㣡Էɷüˣұȥ
ʻҪ˵Էɷȴɷ˵һ˦ӣ˳






49.  ľ   ľ

ˮ˶ԷɷɵĳִΪ, ˿̲ѯʣֻϿʣʾ⵽ʱٽ͡
һǰһ, һ·Уصݹ

֪֮±Ҫһ, ֱӸˣӴ, ĶԺС
˱Ǳģһ, ּԷɷ, Īæǰӭӣʩ, ˴˹һæµ£ԭί

Էɷɴϣ˵Ǽһܡָһָݾ, һ, Һģʴȥġ
ܣ˾֮, ǳɴܣ빫, ̫ˡ
ߵ˭, Լ£
ˣ㻹˵

ԷɷбһۣԶ˰ڰ, ޹ءֻ˵һ䣬ĸġܺ, Ҫãǹƽʧƫġ
⻰˵ֱӣеȻǹף˵ˡ
ƲƲ죬ˣǶԱ˼ָֻ֮ˣ
ѣһ͹ܶˣԷɷɵ

˼ʱֹ񡣡˶һۣһЦʶҲݼˣȻһͬʣϲʧƫġʶһɰţҿǵȰһѯաʱҲûˡ
ԷɷȻɫһ䣺ʱӦڹ𣿡
˵հ£֪ѧԺǰѧǲ˻ضЩЩʱӦ·ˣȥӭһӭð

һ䣬ԷɷɻȻǰѵȻ޴棬ȡ֮ȴǰشȽͻأһҲ˵꣬ˡ
Էɷתʣɿ˵ȴ¡㲻Ҫ£ң㡣ȳˣպ㣡
˵գԶһ֣ˣˣ͡

ʱԷɷͻתŪĿɿڴ˵ҲǾĪ⳰һ
ԷɷȴδţҲƽϣ˵߱ߣƵģͷҲؼš
ӦæԸ̴ӣ죬ȥ·

һ̴ӴҴұô̶Ƭ̣Էɷ߳һأԺмУӣֱ㡣
̴ǰ·ԷɷɺȻɲ˵ŷ򣿲ײףûвţҴӲųȥ
̴ӴҪֱӻع𣿿߲ţǴ빬
úúáԷɷ˵ȥš
̴æת·ڵҼҹӱסߣţܷ㡣
£
Էɷһɲ̵ͷţ

˿̡
һ룬·ˮɽ·ߣ첱
£
רʣģ䵱Ŀһ߼

ӣʹԺˡˮ
ܣһ٣Ժʯϣˡ
ˮջδϸ顣Ӧ޴ˡ
ǰƳˮɽһۣһݣɵͷūԺУūȲܽ룬֪֮¡
䣺û
ˮûޡ
䣺ںδ
ˮڶԺС
Ȼͣ£ȥˣ
ˮͷΪܵģǴͶ
üëһ̧
ˮͷ׷һ䣺й
䣺

ԺС
˾λŮվ࣬ݾһߣʶһߡ
вŮСˣԣˡ
˼ֱͷ棬۲ȫްǧСľ£˿˶Ϣģȴδ˵΢΢ͷŵ棬Ҳ

˿˰ΣȫȻû뵽绨Ůʵڳϡ˵ݾ䣬Ȼڲֿ࣬˶ģԸɴ˵

Ҫȥϴϴ˵˵
ֳϾͻ𣬵˵֪֮¶ӲĿԶȥˡ
˵һۣԸȡü˼򵥲

ȵĲ׺ƣʰлݻַԸϲ͵ġȴ˭Ҳû˼ԡ

У˿̳侲Ǹԭ
ͷԼЬ棬
»ν
δ˵ʲôпйʶ壬֪ȤݼĹﶯ֣

͸磬˵
˴ܣ᲻ɷ˵á壬ö֡ʺȻЩ飬ΣŵģǲˣõݹĹѽ
͸粻ˡ
룬ģȻЩ

ɫڣ߰һʱһƬףʸо˷ͶĿ⣬˾ѩܺվ˷УΧŵκεơ
ʱһڣհֻ֪£ƫԺеʱһˣվ

Ų죬޳Ӱ֣һܿ뷿С
̧ͷ䡣
侶ʣӭʺĿ⣬ߣѸٴһ飺ˣ
ҡҡͷûС
ֻһ䣬ʸոյĸֲȻˡ
ȴҲ˸ΪΣſڵҡ

Ժ˵ת歶ˣǿˣ
ݾ歶һֱʱѯʣȴδ

˵ֳʻأĲ𡣡
ݾ򴽣ɣ歶ȴȻѿڵֳ֪ǣһΪֳ˭ء
һжʱһ

һ̧歶歶ݺݶʣĿ⣬ԺдʱΪ׺û뵽һܺǵû˿̸ӷǻҪй
˳歶˵ʲô񡣸ֳǸ

歶ȴ·𲻹ܲˣеѵ˵𣿣ֱֱͦ䣬շ죬һĨȥľǿ˵Ǵˣȶ֣ΣֳҪҪ𣿾ܷˣ
ݾЩţ歶ֿ䣬ȴδ歶ԱһһҲ䣬ͬģ
üȵ
˾歶ôˡ⺢ӣԻʲôɣ

Ȼָо֮ף̿䡣
΢΢⣬ɫ糣Ϊζִܣ
歶Ϊˣ
վ歶
ֹ̧֣˵أпһۣһѡʵԭ򣿡

Ϊ̫ˣȻѿڶ歶ٿƣؿ۾죬ǲãȴȶǸã

歶ݾֻһ꣬һ𳤴
Ӽ˱֪иĸ磬ԣ˽ڳޡ˻ʹʱڹУʱ飬ÿĴָ
ȥʰʱ򣬱
ÿ
Сʱ򣬸翴ǵᣬʱº͵Ц

歶ݾܴ棬ĸȴȥ
ֳæҪȥ
ֳϲɳ
СèСҪܣֳᷳ
˱ֻԶԶŸ硣

꽥ǽ󣬸ҲسЦҲ٣е䵭ӣȻʱɻº͵ĵͷ
ż˼ҵ޼䣬ǻеĽȴδϡ
ǸһǸ˰

ϲĸ磬ΪĸԺھߣδ˸ǣݹ֮Ȩ⣬ҲڸھŮм䣬˭Ҳ˭ΨǶˣмӣǫá
һ涼ãռһϯ֮ء
ΪãŮࡣȻеźҲû취ˣ̫æˣ̫Ҫˡû취ͨô׽˰ɣûϵ

ȻʵĵȴȫǶ˵֪

ԭ粢Ϊĸ硣
ԭġ

ѩˣС԰ôôƯСèҸôϲСè㣬һֱûȴ
歶׻ȥˣһ׮׮һߡ
㻹ȥԺû͹ǣ
ҲδΪǰݷùԺ
㻹飬д֣
Һ;ѧôˣ̹һأʶδʹǵĿҵ

ݾһ㣬Զ£˽ɹǲϲʣδӿģԲã޿ɺǣǲ⣬ȸʸá
Ȼ˴ַĿǰ

أδҺ;
ոգҲûˣ
㴦歶Խ˵Խɴ۾߰󣬼ŭţǲǻˣ
㣬ʲôֳǻֳ磡
ǵ˵͸͸ģ




50.  ʮ   ʮ


ǵ, ˵͸͸ġء
˵ֱ죬Ǵݾһֻ, 

гȴ˿һʱ侲Ȼ˶δϵһĻ

ǰԼͷõ֤, һʱģŶ, ǿ, ͷЩǡ
ʲ䡣
ѵԳԵľ֮ɫ, ֶüͷ΢š˫ھ, ǰһĻһʱҲЩ

˶һۣȺЦֺеᡣ
ӡƳһ䣬һʱҲ֪˵ʲôǺ, Цɴ, С
һƬǱ, ƹˤ㺢ֳ, ˸ᷳ, ҪҪաһ±, ˵մ֮£ȶ֣Ҳ, ҲǸġء
Ѹһۣ죬ѲֻƿĿ⡣
˶䡣

侲˾ǰһĻԿ߳÷ͺլ֮ҵ˵ίʵ̫Ȼ⼸Ů˵ȴش󡣴ܵȻݣԶٸ£ȴʱ
俪ڵȸϴ£һ٣£ݺ˵
߽뾲
̧ͷʿǵֳŵķй޺ǰַɢƽ˿ֻί
ֱ΢΢һ̧ȴֻĴָʳָ΢΢궯һ£ףȻϴ֮˵
ԱϣԶʾ⣬תȥ

ǰɨһۡ
ʽܵʾ⣬֪ԼҲˡй񣬿һۣǰҴ߹
ͷҲеңʱ˿̣κԻǲ԰׵ġ

ʸصС԰һ·ϣ˶û˵˼С԰Ž룬ò·ڣͣ¡  
ʱ㣬ʱһԺ÷
͸磬ңȻزԺɡͣ
ͷͷá·Է
ʽʵûʲôθڣջǵͷ˵á

Է֮ǰʹһˮ֪ʲδˣͷ  
һпƺ
ȻϵվЩѰ˶ûô˵ĬĬԷ飬һ˼

ʽղд֣಻дֵʱ
͸磬ҡ뿪֮ǰ˵ʲô
ȴ·֪ɫ糣Ҫ룬ȻȥúЪŰա
ʳţһ£ŵϵӰʻͷڰǰһ裬ŵƻҫĵ棬΢΢

Сʱã䶼ļǵãСС۷۵һţĴޡǸʱʵҲǸӣȴѧִģϳɣɷµ˵ɰ
Ĵ˶Ц

ǡ빬飬ʱ޹Сҵ̫ˣҪ̫࣬ҪѧĶֹľԣĵűɷġ
ΪݼҵӣԳʹʹ׿һ룬ʣһȻϡ
ĸ״δ˵ʲôȴɫдľ뼸λһпܻϰݸһȫĵ徻֮ء
Ҳʲô˵׳겻ڼңΪݸΨһжȻȻٳɳΪһ֮ģ

û·ˣ˵ˣżʱҪʱҡҡλܵС԰̽ͷ̽ԣ硣
ȻܿᱻѰۻǵĸ״ߡ
ûʱ棬Ҳ֪κ庢ӣֻЦһЦǼǡ

ʱۣÿļϣ䶼ǵı仯
ۼţСӤСŮͯһ꣬Ȼͤͤ
ǹؾ񣬱ֳĿгηͶֳĽСʱǰеӵġ
ЩȻ
ⱾŮӳ󣬱ֻӦĴۡ
ݸ˶ͳֻôã಻̫ƽϵѪԵ֮ףΣһỤȫ

̫ӱУ𽥳󣬳зӿæ歶ݾ١ÿҲҴһ棬񣬵ͷ΢ʺ򼸾䣬ֻˡ
οǣǶ˱̵ĺܺã֪£ӲҪġ

Ȼ򣬵˽գ䷽֪ǰΪģȴΪġ

ƻӰĺܳŵϵӰӣת豭΢΢šü
歶ڶߣݾǰǽգԶ֪Լþġ

ҹ¹⵭˼䡣˼һһ͸ĲˮȻ

Ժ
ʻδ˯ϴͷ˳ڼͷ¹յƣɫſڴǰֱۿ

֪ˣֵʱôأǿݸ׵Ĺ
ˮ˶ʴˣΨаĻʱһ֪ԭί󣬱һֱͣ߶
û¡
˵ֱ̯ǰͰͲӣСĵĺɣȲƽ̯ѹ˺һǿܿˡصǸʱԻԥֵġ

˲ǰˣ͸磬ǲǷ֮ˡ˵ڵ治±׷Ҫƫ̻˭˭ڶԺбѷˡ
ʲôʡ
¡˵
֣Ŷ
ʣ
ʣ¡һͷ͵¡
ǰϵһֻЬ棬̧ͷһۡ

һֳͷҾԼǸˣһ͵˼ҵĶ
ʵò歶ݾ뷨ģĳʱǸͷȴվٶһģûץס
歶ݾĿߣ⣬ȴ⡣
һǶȣʵĸ˱ȶãһҪ»歶ݾ֡ȴһֱ
ΪںŻ⡣

ԭΪü䱾ദģʽͺͿġ룬歶ݾȴǰǵĸ硣
Դ󣬶ġռֺܶԲ歶ݾĸо

ֲͬĿһʣô˵ⲻĴ
̾˿
Ҫݹӣü£ᴦá
һ
ԣȻ˵ˣ֪ˣ㲻֮ᴦá
Ҫָɡ
ôء
歶˾ΪʣôԶԶʣǰɡ

ʶȻӿһɿֻźͱˡһ뵽Ժٲǰ׽ܻܲˡԼ歶ݾãӦȹǣ޻˵
ȻЩʱգѽϰһУһ̰ϣԶԶȥ
ֿԶ롣
ǸǸ̰Ĺ롣

ɫ񵭣ȻǳĽŲŲʺϤվ˫ִڴ̨ϣĳ
㿴̤ɫС԰ȥ





51.  һ   һ


С
ݾϴ, ɢͷϳԶշ̫⣬йأ˾û, ֻҡҡͷЪ¡
ݾ, ǴСһ𳤴󣬳ͬ˯һ齡

˳Щ, ҹ̫, 㶼ϡ

ݾ̾˿
һۣ
Ǵ, ǿڴգ۵ĹǺ, еûȻ黹δ

ݾˣԺô죿
ʲôô죿ݾ˼֮ǰ˲, ֻ, ͱֽԺֳദ
̲ס, ղ˵, ԺҲ˵˵˵, ҪΣ, ɡ
ݾĵֳΪȡ֡
ƵΡˣˣ, Ҳˡ
˶ӣ˴жֳͰա
ֳϵĸƣӣҪġ

ʱ洫
˯û
Ƕû˯ءūȥ˵һԵȡ

ݾȻҴ߳䣬һҳվԺС
ֳ
ͷˣû˯ҽȥ𣿡
ÿ߽ڡ

ݾԼĸסСʱһͬסԺУһԷСԺһ̤ù뷿С
Դλ¡
ʹݲ裬ˮ֪Ƕл˵ȥ
ֻˣţݾվš

˵ɡ俪ڵ
ݾȴδԾվš˶ףǷʵЩһЩ˵档׻ڼңǳ𷣶ˡ˿ǰ˵İɡ
һʱ
֪˶ôˡƬ̺⾲ס
Ͱĳǡ
ݾһۣΪĿס
һʱ  

˵ǸţȻڣֱԵû뵽ǰģֻΪŮӳˣ㲻ôϲֳˡ
ݾֱӵıǸˣǾ䲻ϲһ»ˣæûûСһֱϲֳ
Щʵˡ
歶ݾ۾ٿȻˡ

歶䣬ʵ㣬㲻𣿲ȡ֣С𣿡
ü֮䱾ӦˡǣǴӽԺ󣬶һֱ̹档 
ɫ䣬ϲû̫ɫȴųϿů

歶뾲ĽΪʧ񣬶ʧӲϲһʴܣʣݺǡõĽֻСһЦϾôæ˼֮¹²Ļ໨ЩСŮ鳤СŮ˼ϡ
ȴ˿ϲ̹ϿҵǵǸֳ䵭µֳ·̳£˼̻Ϣôůôᡣ

׳겻ڼңÿλҲȥҴңޱȡ歶ݾԸ׸η塣ڼٲȻһ֮ܶʱݾ歶˵ȡ˸׵λãʶ־ְʮ⡣
˿б¶ᣬʱ˱һᣬ

俴ŶˣЦʱۣǾˣСʱ򣬱ʱһ㡣
歶۾ֳСʱ򱧹ǣ
šͷֱȻһƣͣôһ㡭ŲҶƬֱ̣۱顣ʱΪֲĪеӤ
ݾʱЦ
һЦüЩεĸңݶĻѩڡ

ߵߣº͵Ӷˡ
ֳ
ֳ
䣬۽ڻУ˼
Ƭ̺ݾ뿪仳У̧ͷе㲻˼۾죬ȴޱȡ
ԺǿʱȥҸ𣿡
ҲԽǶ𣿡

еⶼõ˿϶ĻشݾĿԣӺ޲û
΢΢ѳݵǷԾҪ
ţţһȫ֮ǰצģͷȻֳģзִģ᷸
ϣȴմ֮£ʱȻ

մܲԣԲǴˡ
ȥԺǺúõǸһ٣һ𡣡
æһ˵ȶ֡޹أֲ
ݾһͬĵͷ
üëһ
Ȼʵʲôûխֳã磬ɫûмƽϹ̫֣ػġ
˶һûΡ

磿ɫ
Ŀһʴδ˵

ݾպ󲻻ˣֳİɡ
ŵšǡ֮ǡֳҪˣ֪ԺշֳҿŰɡ
ף˵ʲôȴ÷סȻĽ򿪣ʣµıǼԼȥա

¹ܣصС԰ΪֱӻԺԸСȥ׼ˮȴڰ֣ȥҲó¸ţֻԼȥߡ
һߣ㾶ֱߵ˲Ժ

Ĺ˼䣬ɫСҹɫз͵ĹâԺҵϨƣһƬڰΨյš
ɫĵƹ£һССӰӣǰϡ

߽Ӱ˲̧ͷѿڵ͡ȻԼ͵͵ģæס죬ָĶڴʳָָָڣʾ
仺ߣһ۽¡
ôû˯ʵ
˯šСشΨ־ˡˮ˶ȥЪˣֽڷȴ˯ţǱ͵͵Ժп

䣿΢΢šüˡ
æҡͷģҴĶء
룬˺ðлֻС¯ţʾ俴
ֱ֣һ¶ȣͷ

͸ôҲδ˯ȻˣʲͷƵĵƹüĿĲϣԵʡ
²˻˼룬һҹߡ
򵥵һ仰㽫˼ơϸġ
ʱҲԲˣڵǣû˰ɡҿȥˡǸʱԼʱӦȥˡ

ȴ㡣
ţʲô
䣺֮ǰɫ㲻ͣ
һ
䣺Ϊδδ˵
ʲ֪֪ģŵûʲô˵ġ
Ϊã˵˸飬ֻ˵ãҶƫǡɫ䣬ѵ

һ㼱ˣæǲǡʵҲûкܹ֣ҾԺ˵ŪԭңǿԼáĹˣҿ϶ģҲػģ㿴ǲʹô
ԽԽС
Ŀ䣬ϲŭѱ棬˵ʲô
΢΢һ㶣ָСݸӴҲҵļңʲô˵ʲô²Ҫš
ǵõȴ˶Է硣
˼֮ɫ

Ƣԣ֪ʵܺദ׷ŭ粻ǰˣȻʱȴǲɸеоĵƺм
ʶʱΪܡ
ҴˣԺҲˡ
б˵
ᳶ䣬̧ۣͰ͵˵͸硣
ɲ˵
һ룬վߵͥУ䣬վ¹֮£˵ҷվʱ͸ˡ
ԺѧģԺ˭˴򱳲飬ᱻվšһΣǸоǳ裬Ժٲҵġ

Ŀһ˵ǾվŰɡ
ʱվš
ɫʣһƬףһ֮ϵһУ·ֻˣҹʱ֣һţһվţ뱻ǳʵЩ졣
վվţЦ
Ц
ĿԾɺżɫƽºͣżȻȴһů̺ĺůôһĻеСᣬԼ¡С˼

ŴЦݣһֱЦһֱЦ
ȻţҲûƢüģҲЦˡ
Ц͸磬𣿡
䣺֪ˣ
Сװͷ
ЦݣɫԺ㲻ܺ£ˣκ⣬Լκ뷨ҡ

ݾ֮¸һӣã̹ϲûʱ֮ڿڣáҡ꣬ձ֪þڴܡί
ϣʡصޡѷ֪
˺һɣܻ´ˡºȥֲȥȣ罫˺ɱѿУδȻ

ʼСףͷ
õĺõģҼסˡ
䵭ļסˣ
סˣҷġߣæȥļסˡ
ȴ¶һ̫ŵӣԻΨСŮҲŮÿķǣﲻһ˵˲һ˵סҲһסˡ
еˣҪô죿һ룬ҪΪݣȥֽ
䣺ˡˮƽд֣  
Ҳǡ  
Ŷһ޻˵  
ǿǺã

Ȼһ̧°ͣɫã԰գأ䡣
Цˡ
ȷɫãڰգڶͷһ˶ɫյ΢΢̧ͷ֣תͶ
£죬ر֤ӽһԹ͸Ļģ

䱾мȴ޿κΣȻһ̣¹淢ĵʣ⧲ȴַ·˳£ĳĵط
չһʼɵģΪϰߡ֪ʺѳΪеһ֣ǣ
ʱǾͷ
ʱ

͸磬ôü䣬ЦЦһѤöĿ
վʣһһ
Ϊ֤ڴģҽ






52.     

, صظٰգݾԺ
˵, ͷһأѵõľˡ

һҹ, Уǰŭ죬Ծŭδ, ʮֲ, ӵ۽˵úѵ˼һ١
ͷվУǰ, ߺգҷ̻塣
䲢, УѵĲˣʱڵڼѷˣ²ٷ»أط֮
ʼ˸Ͻŵѧ֪ٲˡ
̬, ڲ, Уѵ˼䣬ȥд˰ʡ, , Ϊ䡣´, 㲻Ժˡ
æǡ
УѼ䣬, һԺ

ʱͬһݾһ, 仹Ҫȥϳʴĳһͬȥ
ʱǺ«һһδ˵ʲôȴ΢΢죬æ߰ɿ߰ɡ
Ŀ뿪Ȼϳʻݸ

УĬĬǺ«һʱԡ
ۿݾһۣҲĿϾЩȻԼҲһģﶼƽˣȴͦ˼֪οڡ
ݾվһ㣬ڵǸãûŰɡ
æûûСš
ݾûС
ҲûСɿһ£˵
ʣŶǾͺá
š
š
ٶԡ
ҧǺ«룬еѳԡݾȻǺ«ҲôϲȴУʱҧһڡ

¿ʳ
ҡ
֮ǰ
Ǹ
ȴ˶ͬʱڡ
æ˵
˵ɡݾҲæ
ݾ˶ԣԼδ˭ܳܣƺԲУ治ƽϣϾǻ̫죬һãе㣬ҲʮС˱뽺״̬
˵ɣ˵û¡
˵ɡ˵ʲôС
ȡ

ң㡣

Ȼٵ֮ǲԣ֮ǰҲ£Ҫȥ㲻ܽҾ֡ԺҶϲٷӽǺúദɡ
ɫΣʱ˵ֱ֣벻ǸҲǸɾ䣬ٺܿ죬žžžžɨҶ
һʱδӦ
ݾҲŵȥպǺúദ
æҲвԡõĺõģԺúദ

˱˴˶һָۣƿȻԼǺ«˵Ȼίʵе࣬һʱ·𶼲֪ΰ졭Ϲŵ㽩Ӳ΢ЦһʽĵǸ棬ʵǡ
Ҳڵִݸ
Ǹʱȥ档
󣬼˷ֵ𣬸ظԺ֮ʣеŤ˵
ţõġʵ룬ָ˾䣺ӭǣʱ
˴˶ĲĲٿ

Σһ׮¡ݾһȴңֻ˶ʵ޶ٶ⣬Ҽ֮ǰǰ㲻ҲδʱܣҲ歶ͻȻı歶ʱƵų֡ѩ磬ʵڲֵһᡣ

ԭΪ歶˵ֻǿ׻˭֪磬˾ˡ

ʱʸ˯ţǰ񣬺⴫ˮ
ˮӦѸ٣æӭݣǿ롣ʹˡ
վ

歶ݾ߽ûѾͷֻЯǰ歶ֱϹֻ֯渲һޱڸǵʵƺᣬ歶ΪݾһСķš
˽󣬱㽫ӷŵϡ
ʲĿӣֿˡ

ͷؽԺˮ̽ϲԺ˶ǰ񣬼ݸλ
歶ȴʳָ꣬С
ݾź򣬸ȥæɣġ
ɽżС£ˮϺòˮ͵ģҲ˵⡣

ʮֿĶѾõ£̫ͻȻʲôдҲû׼ֻЩƽĵġ˼ƽϲζõģǳԡ
ݾǫãǳԹ
歶ڷתƣ´а裬Ŀг棬Ժ
ЦҪԺ䣬ط𣿡
歶ڰ֡
һʱ޻һƬס

ʺ˿ڲ裬˼⣬ܵýʲôѽȻ歶ŵ֣㿴
ʱߵһࡣ
ֻ歶СĽҿСޱ¶Ķʵʱɴ۾š
ȻǸСӤ
ӤǱˣǶ˵СŮݸɶ
ҵ죡̲ס
㲻ǺϲϴΡ歶Ƶ
ɣ𣿡Ϊ歶ôʶЦʮֽšʵ̫ˡ歶ʶŪɶʲΪ黳歶ԼȴȻһֱС
Ȼԣ歶նã˵Աԡ
ɶ˯죬һ֪˯ཱུշ졣

ʵ˵𣿡
歶϶ĵͷȻСӾģԽԽءȻˣ棬ôô󡣡
֣׽סɶС֣ɶʶץסָ
ʮָжһ룬˵ȵȡ
˵ߵԷ˯ѩݵ歶ݾǰҲôô档

ѩűΣ
ʾèݾ歶˱˴һ˲ȻԼͬЦ
͡
һЦһʰһͣ
е΢գɢ˲ڡ֮ǰ£Ҳٿ˵ЩʲôǧһЦ磬һЦ
ѩɫ۾Ի󣬴£ԾУɶ˸ƣһۣ˯ˡ

ʴ歶ݾȥͷԺ˹䣬ǿ쾮жߵС
ʲôʱ򳢳հ
ѽʲô
룬ʱ㡣
أ

ɶ˯ѣˮˡ˴һ漴ϲѣ䰲֣ǳϲɶ̱УַԸ˵׼ˮʳߵȵȡ
һ磬ԺּˣСĶСèĶèèСҲһţԺЦ

ȻԺлЦ֮ʱԺȴһƬʧ룺ﲻˡ
˯һתۣȴӰôСӤȥŮǽϴ£﷭˸飬δҵ
ĪǱ͵͵ˣ

˵ǲܵ£һй죬мֱµǱ͵ء֮ǰӶŵУһıѾõġ
ɫҰףһǼת˳ԺؾߣҲҪҵڼ䷢歶ݾڣߵŮ֪Ļص˵ȥɢһûǸšҲδٶʡ
ݸңҲ̱١
ѰңС԰ͷЦƻӤЦæ߽һ̽

˷Ŷ˴ҴҶЦͣɶһ
龪һһ
ֱʱڣˮ˷֪歶ݾ˲֪£ɶ͵͵

ʣ
ʾã˽տ±һԺȴ㲻Լĸס

歶ҽͣԭžʹһŻȥ˭֪һʱۡҴˣٲˣ
ݾ飺
ŭǣǡҹȥ
Ҳŭôģ֪أ
һԿľĪԼҲΣϾΪɶϢŭҲйءһذɡ
ˮ밲ҲæǰūϸһǲҪ̫λ
˿ʣȻɫͣ޹أϲɶպʱ뱧ԺҲ޲ɣֻҪǰ˵һãϲѧѾͷ
˱ɶһ𣬽歶ݾˡ
歶ź죬Ŭͷʱ˸ƣÿ͵ϼ
̲סЦ

շ·ر죬ת۱㵽ϡƳϣһԷʱ㽫շ¾˵
ţһ˷ܣܿģ
ʵȷģϣ歶ݾʮֺദݾ࣬ȴľ歶ˬ̹ϣе֣ȴʲôܽӣķǳģһ磬
ϰôú󣬷ѡ
ܲġ

ȴƵǰңҪ͸۲ۣʲʡѣ͸硣
һЦģһ˵ֻģίʵȤֻ֪ЦֱĿġ
ʵ˱裬ݵǰЦ͸磬ϲĻ͸šԶ͸硣

ָо˶ǲһġ
һ֮з£еϲŭ֣ʶԸ˵Ҳֻ˵Щ··Ÿ塣·һֻݣɵٸߣΪǣУܸΡ
˵һЦ

ϣ歶ݾֽʹһ鷿дʡ顣





53.     


д
ƫͷ, 
ָдʿĿã
衯û裬ôд
һȡ
, ݾñڿձȻ
һͷҡ
ε𣿡ݾҲˡ
һһһ, ʲôţ
ȷ, ʸһͷˮ

, ֻϲȫ, ݾϵԶһ㣬Ҫ£д, ȴ̫Զ
ʡ飬˰֣졣

С԰鷿ɼ󷿴ͨɣռߣ߳, ͷиż, ߴҪھĵȵȣΪҪ֮, ϸ, ƽ֮, κ˲̤롣
µ⣬ͷ, ɺЦ

歶ݾ˸һ۵Сۡ
, ĿͶһ䡣
ݾֳ
ʣ͸硭
̧ͷˣôˣ
Ϊ󵨣ֱӵʡ̫ΪˣǵˮƽдֳܸܲУ˵һ˵Բдôдһ𣿡
΢΢üŶΪдֺأ
ӣʵҲˡܲдãٺ١
ݾŵͷ˫۷ڴĿ䡣
ԺУǵĹϵϿ˵һزʲô⡣ʡʵ̫ˡ

ӣ̫ܳ£ַΧ£ݾһҲԾڴ
ףһ
˶ʱһϲϷ
ȴ仺ʡ֮ĿԲ飬ϴԼڹǲûʡ֮⣬СС˼𷣡˰̫٣ټְա
˶ʱɵˡ

а֪֪صӣܻ˽ףݰӡ
ݾȫţֲòţøȻֳôֳ氡
ͼ
ֳѾ֪ˡ
˵һ䣬һ١ͷҲ̧Ƶ
ʱ
簲ˡ

ٲҶһ䣬ͷдڤ˼룬ץǴ֮ʣȴҪ䤱ˡ
һƬףżᷭҳֽ֮֮
Ƭ̺䴦ͷˣ̧ۣʵ΢΢һЦǰ
̧ͷ۰ͰͿŭԡ
ĿдŰԹǲԡ

ɫĿǰֽӹ֮е⣬ͳֽǳʵˮƽޣһأ²Ϊ
дõģÿһݣġдá
ʼ˶ʱдõʡ飬
᲻ῴдİݾǵ

ܶŹ̬أѧԺ棬ⲻһ巣ɿѧԺУֻһ٣ʵǶھǣֲĵǰ;سֻøĶַʽˮƽҲд˰淣дʡ飬ʵ򷣵䡣
գ׫дʡ顣
Գͷһˡ

ԣ
ֵǼӵĶҲˣԾɰ˰֡һ٣µʲݣֱ㹻
ݾŶ
歶Ӧõġ 
ʾϲ̧ͷ
һĨЦ⣬Կ͵²Ϊ

ʱݾһѧѧԺϿΣμһˣ鷿һϰ

ˣѩڻģԺеĻŽأŮŴڴ׷Ϸ
歶ݾͺú歶δ˵ʲôȻƽﲻʱʣ̬໤֮ڱԺ˶ʸΪѺá

ǧϣλƣůˡ
Űһǽʲô׹һƬҡ
æȥ֡
һ֮£λˡȻԷɷɡһ£֡ˡ
ϴ˼֪ṉ̀ȥͨԺǣԷɷϵĳؽˣҪģѵġǶɢ˰ɣʲôʲôȥ
ʣ˭û

һֱǵԷɷɣǰִһ棬ú˵ˡʱȴ·Щˣ㲻ʡֻõԷɷԼĳһһȾͺЩ죬Ϊء
է֮£Ϊϲæǰ
Էɷ۾һȺ˵ˣҪйҷɷɡ

УżλͯҴҸһ࣬ͻȻݹ١Ĺû취ԷɷȴֱӴǣǲعԼֻΪʶ

ԷɷʾУǲɢΧˣƧǣһȥ
ӴͺԷɷɿ˵֣ʵݸûΪ㡣
Цŵͷܵĺ򵥸֪Ҳлл㡣
ؿԷɷɺˬһ֣ԺҪ˸۸㣬ʱҡ
һ
Էɷбһۡ

翴˹ϵԣæɷɣôôòңǲó𣿡
ԷɷɵҹüΡݸǽ̫ˣɭϣҲ㱻ɴ̿͸ˡֻԺ㡣
û뵽һЦˣΪβߴţǹţƫŶ룬ݣ˸
ҿɲ䡭ߣǽ˼
ʾĿԷɷɣֻ̫˼ˣʵڲһȴ̫һ
Ϊβ䣬ʮֺ棬Էɷȴڰ֣ˡԺÿնҪ𣿡
ʵͷһ¿졣ʱ档
Էɷɲ찡Ƕû˼
°ͣ˼Ƭ̣ȻˣҲԺˡʵ̫ˡ

ڶգԷɷɱЯŻʵۿͶԺ





54.     


ʥּĴѧԺԶ, һѧĽѧԺѧ֮磬ѧ, λͨѧӣƽȴ֮, ϸ̡ܽ
У˿ּ

ԷɷǰʦģԺǶָˡ
УѧԺ, Ժ±ҪѧԺءѧӹ, һٰʮ, жһ飬֪Ϥǡ
Էɷۣôࣿˣ, պҷٸ֪ұǡ
У
ԷɷѲ·ϣת§סߣЦеٺٺ٣ԺǾͬ, ӽ, 㡣

ʴУ˵ɫԷɷɵ´ֿԲµλķЦ, պԺ֡
Էɷɵĵ, ʵһ
оǵһѧ, ݹλãһλݻ, ʼֱԺϰˡ
ʴ˳, Ʒһ۴ǰ˴¡ԾɲǰһԹԶ飬úѧϰϲʶҲͬǰһѺã⣬Ӯͬϲ

˳һ
ݾ㣬٣ȴͣЦеĿż˴֡ˬ̹ʲô˵ʲô֣ʱԵеɵɵġԷɷ첻µز±󣬶ԲϲĿ˳۵Ű裬ϲ޹ӣƽгһ޾˼ģ塣
ƢãŹԹԵģȻȴʮ棬ҲǿǿԷɷͬ꣬ȴ·ϣСģͷҲСȻΪĶ

ѵĵʵӿҲ֮ḻʡ
Էɷͬڳݣѧݼʱ㼸һ𣬴ʳȥ档ļˣ̶̰ʱڣֲ㲻һȱϰط¼Ӱ㼣
һжõĲˡ
ͷ۵һ¡

ȥйɡ
ҪȥСԷɷ̲ء
ȥУǷ½
ԷɷɣȥУ³˼ѱ
ʲôÿģֲ򣡡
Էɷɣ£֪еĳ
ֹ£У
ԷɷɣУ

ݾԵôֳˣ˺ðɡ
Էɷתݾ˵ȥ
ݾΪѣҶԡ
ǰۡ
ĿͶʣʣ˵
ʸ
ʵǡΪΪմܽӣȻ֣ȴ·ǽԹѾáԼ˽ύͬһ棬ȴԶԷûʲôɫͬΪ֮Ů˭Ҳ˭һԲࡣ

ǲʲô˵𣬲Ҫܡ
ʲԣҲ˽ѯʺȰ˵õĻشǣ
ǣ˭ѡ˵ġ
Էɷɣ˭ѣҪΪ㣬
ʣ
ݾݾ룬˵¶ֳйأȥֳɣǸ  

йأ
ʱȥ䣬ȴԵ⣺
ŪԷɷ֮ġԹ𡱡

Сʱˡ
ʱԷɷ꣬˸ɵ͡뼸λϴ󣬹Ψôһλ޷鷿ͬʵ۱ΪȻԷɷ̰ͣסѧǺһ˺üλ
һλ¸صŵĴһԸλˡ

ʵΣһԡ
ʱľƷѧţʶˣӵʱţʵһּΡ

ʱԷɷɻͦˣͦÿЩƵѧ˳۶ˣȻţ㷢֣ҲЩѧѲˡ
ӲȻȴ͸һǿϵƣƴ﷢ɢһֲηǿȨǿЭζ
ȲĺȰҲвţƵᣬһ˵һж˵

ԷɷסͷĻȡ
䵭վɣӣá
ȥӰɣԷɷɺվ𣺡ѧˣҪȥ档
˵ϱܡ
˸Զ֣Էɷ˫ַ°鼸ǰüĿƽδ¿ΣҪȥ
ԷɷСȻ֣ǰãĿɿڴδܹĴ쭣ҾҪȥ档ҹңбҰ
䲨ԣ
Ծԣ
ԷɷΪӺΨһĹСҪ÷Ҫ꣬ĸҲ֣Ҵ

ģʹдԷɷ̲š
ҴңԭôʹԷɷɴеҪ߸ʣˣˣ
һýߣһһּԷɷ
ιʦϼӽ̵ݹϢ಻ѭǡɴɷ²У׷𡭡Эÿ¹ѧɣ֮ͬǰ޾빫Υ빬빬
빬ҲζŲ볯Ϊ١
һСһǰ;δ֮ɣأҵˣ֮ʵĴӺʵЭֽ֣ʵʮ档

ԷɷĿࡣ
²У׷
޾빫

Էɷһ޶ϵȻȴδܼһ档״ţȴκ䲻ã򲻹ܡλڸ֣Էɷһܣֱû֣Сأǰ
ܣץһʱ
ס죡һʱ
һߣ
˯һߣ
ˣһߣ
дˣһ߼ӷдʮ飡
ޣȥվſޣ
ʳˣһٲԶĻš
ԷɷΪڰһʱ⡣첻µزµ֪ˣÿռֱܡ

Լһº󣬹硣
Էɷɼ֪ΪúЩʱ֮֮ʹ֮ίʱӿŭǨϡ
ƥκβ㣬κβ

ԷɷɿɲʲôǣʳܣѰʱȥ
߸˽ĿģȻŶˣʲôݣػ
£൱㲻һܴĵضɽҡ޵ʷ׳ʣ

˫˫ൽʵǰצŭĿӡ
ʵۿЦãԷɷһ٣Ȼ˻ǸԺ͡
ڵ¾ƺͻòͷ

ɢԷɷɱʵ۷ʱվսսƽһζ˵ǸĿ֮£ҧĿ졣
Ҽסˡ
Ū幫ܵԭ򣬲ģӲ˹˽СǼʵ˿ɶǹ⣬֮Ůֳ⣬಻ˡǹԼֳأΣؼҺĸһٰӣԺзվΣкݺݵ
ԷɷɣҼסˣ

߽ͻսңʵһʱ˲ԷɷɣѧҵͣԷɷجΡ
Դ֮ԷɷٿκƿףܡǺˡ

ˣ˶˽ԹԵɣû뵽Ե֮ǰһΪʹԷɷΪζèɽ͵ͨˡ

ղǱԺ𣿡ЩɻԷɷɶ֮δԷɷദģԲ֪ϵ﷽֪⣺ʱô꣬ţ
ʵͷɲ
һ룬ȴˡŮССǳֻ⼸Էɷٲ棬⡰ԹҲйȻ֮ڣһֱδδͷչ˿ڣľ˺̴档
ֶеǿһ棬˼֮£ȴָԲԡ

ŮԶô󣿡ҡҡͷе㲻˼顣
ʵͷɲ䣺ԣ͸磬ɱ׵ŮŶ
佣üڵ㣬һܵ˭̫ὫϣҲ̫ں˭⡣ϾԼŵŮܲðί
ʿЦ˲ҪҺܺúģóԵľͺ
סˡ

ʵϣԷɷɺҲͦúġ
ʼһżֲˡƢã꣬Цеģֱ⣬˭Ҳƫ̻һ֧ͣܺܺõİˡ

ȥƷɣǳԻǵƷȥУȥСţá߰߰ɡ
һһϲϲƷȥ
żҲãʱʹɱﵣﶼȥؼҸԵİɡ
ʵĳԽԽտԷɷζʮͶԹʵĶ޲ڡԶ֣Էɷɴ֣ôԳԣԳԺȺȼ䣬κεĲ㶼Ȼ
ʱԺиִЦһƬ

ֵʱǹķɿ졣ȥлһһأݾ˸߹ݣԷɷйݣͰ࣬Ƚի࣬˹ͬʱիࡣ

ҵ֮أӦԷɷ˵ȴظ
ΪʲôôҪдģԷɷɶ찧
Ͻдɡʵ
ѧôʫʸ踳ʲôֲŮԷɷÿ챳ʫдʫŪͷǣʮֱ꣬Сʣд𣿰дһƪɡ

ʺ˵ǰдԼģʱԷɷдһЩȻڲһˣʵЩǰЩӲĶԼѧᣬڻͨſԣҲܰ㡣Ǻ
Էɷɣ㺦Ұɡ
ʣ
ԷɷɣһκòãСʣСʣ
ʣ
Էɷɣãʶʶá
ʴһ첲ϵļƤס䣺
Էɷŭˣ治æ
ʲԷɷɣĬĬСȵĵͷ
Էɷ˦𣺡վͲˡ
ԷɷߵſڣͷλϣЦж֣Էɷŭɶˡ

ڶգԷɷɵλϿտҲ
ĵɣ治ˣ
գԷɷδ֡
е㵣ˣ᲻ʲô£ģˣҪҪȥ
ңգʻصݸȻ֣ԷɷԼС

Էɷһ̬еɵģ·һַ·û˯ãʮûһſϡ
ôˣ
ʵĵʡ
ˡԷɷ|ˮˡ
һʱ˫۳ۡ  





55.     

ڴӺ, ʮΪһҪĽڵ㣬̸ͣۼ, Ů˵ˮ, Ҫķˮ룬˲ζ, ɴ, ˳ɻ顣

, ݾ歶ȺУԺŮҲ½ɳִֵŮǺȻԾ, ԼŮ黳ʫʱüĿֻȻɵĽߣ峿һºŵĻ䣬, ʤա

ԷɷҲӭһ, ΨʣʡĽ

ףôſģ
˲Ժ, ʶȻ¡
Էɷɻϰ, ﶼϲǽ롣ݹİ֪ݺ, ֵõԷɷһֻ۱һֻ, ԣԷɷÿʣǽš
, ûˡԷɷɽ󣬱̯ϣһģ
û°ɡܲ𣿡ʵǵҪҪд򡣡
Էɷɰڰ֣ءնʹպˣֻû
Էɷϣ·˸ˣյȻ٣ˮЦ˱ˮȺȰɣЩ

Էɷüºˮ
ú𣿡ʡ
ûȹˮԷɷɵ
ҵ˼ǣƽʲôͬ𣿡˵
Էɷޱ飺һĶʲôͬţеðɡúȣ˵ŮãǸá
ҲȵɡԾԾԡ
Էɷ˰뱭ʣ˸ֻӣȺˮԷɷɲ󰮳𣬺ȵ죬ϲ̺ȵշ죬΢΢

ʱ歶ˣһ龰Ӵһ
æһûءǷɷɡ
歶һЦһֹ˵̬Էɷɵļ򣺡ϲϲ
Էɷɷ˸ۡ
歶ӣָʺԷɷɣǵġСʣŴʲôôء

ݾǶԸϲǰΪ歶ܣǣ˵Ľ歶˳ȥԼڼԼϲȥˡ䲻һˣȴԾɻţʱЩǣǵ˺öóԵҲǵ÷һݡ
ƽԷɷ歶˼Ӱ룬Էɷ歶仹ạ̊́ȴʼ㽣ţżˣȣ̻ˣ˹ϵͶ׽

ӣ歶Ǿ䣬е㲻˼Ҳ
С鶼ˣĪֱµĸо
ôһ죬㼱ʲô歶ЦҸ㽲źءɸɾɵģǸʹġ
Էɷѵͬ歶ǡʹˣĺܣھȻǽˣŮΪʲôҪˣ

Էɷ͵һӣȻɫһ䣬˱·סˣһҶ
ôˣһΪСĵʲôѨæҪȥԷɷȴֵ̿ĴУ𶯱𶯣
ʲԣһͷˮһԵ歶ȴ¶ضղЦݡ
ʣ
Էɷɱ˵ĽӲ΢һ˿üҵ죬ֱѪɺӡ
Լ׸ոշʲôºĲˣ˫ĿԲʵܣܶ𣿡

һѵ⣬ƽܵСѪʹĲˣѪģȻŮÿôѪǼղ⣬ȴһ¶ûС
½ŮѾ֪ó´ڼȵȣȻϸһĶȴ˸֪

ǰݾʱʼ˱ʹκݾɬôҲ˵Էɷ歶޼ɵʱشġ
ˣԷɷ˵ܶ࣡ʱ͸Ѫһˡ
歶СҸ㽲һ㶼棬ڰͲòء鷳ˣգȵҪֻܺˮֱ
ŵһΣҾѾܲˣģԺôԷɷ޿Ȼֽסˣˡ

ʱ˵еĻ̵̻ģôȻлǳһ׶ΡȻЩʹͲҲһЩúδ֪·
ӽԺ󣬷ͷΣ´磬ױ鱦ѡ񡣶ңÿǸ˳ĲȥԺԺ٣ȻֻҪΪǸǶ׼١һҲʮĽ

٣˵ǲҪˣ歶ȻϾǹһˣʵ۸ô˰ɡ
Էɷɲҡ˭Ҫôˡ
歶㸸ʲ𣿡
Էɷɰڰ֣ƶᡣ

ڵңǹ±㲻һ˽¡Ȼȴ֪Էɷôƶȴԭġ

ԷɷΪȴ֮ͬûҲϾ˼ʵиĸԷɷȻϲǼָ治һȥͯ꼸ɹǴţԳ
ĸһֻ£ΨһŮ಻ʣԷɷɵļУʴδԷɷСʱҲֹʡ
Ȼһ꣬սΣӺѵУףƹףףԱס档ʵȴȻܾһ顣

ԷɷѶȥһʵۣ⣬ʵ˵ܣҲ÷ɷһҸȥκ档
ôһ䣬Էɷɱԭʡ
Ҳʹ֪Ǹ˵ĹϣһȨ

ԷɷɵҵһոǿӢηǿȨĳ
歶ָͷոǿӢηǿȨĳ˸ҪȢһװͰ͵Ĺ
Էɷŭ˵
歶ѽѽ
Էɷɿʼߣӡ
æסɷɣϲ㣬Сġˣӱʮ겻ٴٴ򡣡
Էɷˡ

歶ЦʮֿĿԷɷɳԱ˻ֵ˲ûУȴࡣţֳһ
һɲһ
ʲ֪ΪΣһ
Էɷ֮ҷˣ磡ҲҪ





56.     

Էɷɴҷˣ磡ҲҪ

⼸, ԷɷƵݹ˽ﲻ, ͿԷɷ㲻èˡȻͯӰ̫޴, ջ˲ϵ˺ۡ
ԷɷէǾ仰

ֳ˶, ֳҲһܿ㡣
Էɷɾ̰, ˼Ƕлл
˸۸
ŵһʱءԷɷǺܺõ, ǵǡҺҺáʲôҺʲôĪеңһʱҲ˵ΪθոƬ̾š

ԷɷԲٳԼϣת˻ͷ;һ, Ҳˡ
ǲֳδȢءպֳԻΪǰźáǼޡһС֪ݹҪıȡ棬ޣϲǲϲ˼ҡ

ԷɷɺȻ뵽ʲô, ٺһЦ, ֳһȢĪ, ĳЩԡʲô⣿
ʱü⣡ȫҶ⣡
Էɷɽеð, 㵨ʥ, Ҫ߸ʣ
ۿҪæܣҪҪ͸õĺ, ûʲôء
Էɷͬʱͣˣһͬб
ʣ

͸ȷûκ⡣еĶɾ⼸겻, Сδǳǳã
ԷɷʶһۣһЦŹЦ
һͷˮ
˵ʲôЦĻ
ΣֹסЦ§ʣʵգֳ֮û㡣

¶ɻ֮ɫܾ˸ɫЩȴ̾˿ǲֳ˰̫ˣԲδȢ
Ŷ˻Էɷɱֻбϡ
ҲЩ档ȷͣδɼңδ檵ʵں²ˣǰСҲ̫£ȷмΡ

˵ҲΪԼҽɽЦԹĵԷɷһۡ
Էɷɵûɻȥġ
һʱˣʱֻˣɳԡ
̫δ硭
˵ŮӲȻ˽̸һҲ޷⼸꣬Ҳ˽⡣

Ӻ꣬ޱȣȻＫطӺʷɣɽ״أ󣬴ӺʢȻδ׷ֱԵʥϵ游һڳλڵʥϣӺָ
ľϰ深ƽʢȻӺʵԴڷƮҡУս𲻶ϣʱ𣬹ⲻ㣬˲Ų̡ҲΪιүү֮òפر߽ԭ֮һ

ʥͼΣҵιʧΪûʵۡȻ̫󣬴λһֱա
еɷֶӺɣ۸˲ܻǱ൱ѷֲ١ʵ۲ƫ̹ȷ̬Բȡƺԣ˫ͼҷչ˺Ǻãλ˵ȴֲпļ尾

һս¹˭֣ٵǻλίʵѲ⡣

磬˭ʤݶԷ˵м֮ģӡһ٣һԷɷɡ
Էɷɰڰ֣Ҳ֣޷˵ǡ
λָ鶼һ㣬ȶԣǸϲһ㣬ԵʱֻСڹܣСײλӣЦеû£ܣˤһһ߿С˾С

üջδֱԣ֮ʮԡ
ԶƢԣ˳߲ŹУֻ»նݳ㵱²û̷ѣպػҵڣ켺
ݼΪĺ֧ţ׵塣
Ȼѷֲ٣ҲлʤĿܡ⵱ȻõĽȻδ˵ڵĹݼҵĵǡ

ݼΪѫΪ̣֮֮ȻУҲسҴܻҹǰǰǳңǻ𼸴ҡһƽ꽨ϮµļҾ𣬽ݸ
ݼҼҾĲԡѪսһºܻʵ°֮񣬴˺󼸳ʶƵȻΪΨһĿѫˣʣسңʵĳ׷
ȵ֮ʱԼ͸Щͷ
ĻʵãݼңȻȵʱһĵףʵĻһĸӼ̳дҵݼңǻΪӳΪ·ϣ

˶ݹޣ޵Уʵ֪£Ѳ⡣
ΪݼһֱȽϵ͵ԭ֮һ

˶˵ֳ۸߹飬ʵϣһƬģǰ;δϣֺαǣ޹֮ˡ
˺ĸ̸֮в̫󣬷֮⡣
˺͸ЩδȢޣͬȢ޲ؼĳ䶨ʱҲ١

˵꣬ݵİ
Ƭ̣ԷɷɿڵҪ˵δϲ˰ա
תĿԷɷɡ
ʮ겻㼸ʮ겻ȢôԷɷɱͷһ̯Ȼδɲ⣬ʤһ룬ϲ˭Ȣ˵СңͻҲ顣
˵Ҳǰ
һۣ
ԣ˵˵ȥ˶ѡ

ЩԷɷˣֵˣԸһȴͦͨ͸ô˵ԼֳȢ޳ɼһпܵģֻǣֳ֪ϲʲôŮӰ
һתסʣСҸֳÿһʱֳ֪࣬ϲô

ݾ鷿һʱ䣬ȴùġ
ֻǸȴίʵҪϸԭǲգúԺѧ࣬żСһܲ죬ˣһ޷ɻءݾȥˣʱȥ̡Դʱֻ乲

һ㶣æҡͷ֪֪û˵¡
֪ϲʲôʲô֪˺ÿȻȴȷʵһ֪Ǵδ̸۹£żݾδ˵Ů

ʧɫһЦ˵СʷֳΨһŮСһûֳŮءҪС޸ֳˣνˮֳôãԺ󶨻㡣
Խ˵ԽÿУ˷ܵɩӰɣãǲ÷ֿҲصĹɩϵֱۣ
৵ĺˣô˵˵˵ͷˣֱǿֻҲſھϷȣš

ԷɷһԵʲôв÷ֿԺ󲻼˰
ҲܺõҾͿԼ˫ʣСʣΣ
ʿЦãе޴롣
ԷɷŶӣʽΧѽ㲻ҪСأ˵ʱ򡣡
Ʋ죺˵úܶƵģ㵹Ǵˣް
Էɷɶʱ˫ĿԲҰɣȫµ˶ˣҲҪ޸磡  

ʱŭˣҪȻ⴫һԣų𣺡أɽˮĶȥˣŵĶûС
ˮѶæеˡ
ڵķűƿ޳Ӱ롣

ʯ
֮Īڱ˵ĳˣĳ˺Ȼǰ㻹֪ʱġ

ʶ߽䣬ֻһͷ˶٣
ЩȻ޹ġ

վֳôʱˣ
ȻմӹгһżģմӽͷȳԣӲŶ룬͹
°꣬ǰˡ
䵭
ŶĿ˸̽ʲôʱԺеġɣʲôˣ
ɫ糣ʱش𣺡սҰɡ

˿ûá
ʶԷɷɺòҡ

ĿӹԷɷɣһ񣬡л֮ɫȻĿƽ˿ԾǷ̻ʵ⡣
Էɷɴ˿ıֱɫӲ˵˵
ԣջ˱ˣ㲻𣬼㵱Ҳظһ飺˵ľ㣬Ȼʱмֵ㣬νһΪʦ

Էɷɷɿɫ첻ˣûعˣͣڣˡ
˵һ֣ɿˡ
ʣ
ĵ¶Ҳô 
ûҲҲˣúһȥԷˡ
һеķݸ뾲ġ
ӹģлҴȥ

ֻʡ
佫ĵݸʣȳһ顣ɶˣҪԷ
ʽӹһԣһ߳һߴɫˮ˲裬ǰƺȲ裬ϲ
ֹ
δȴ·һָƣ˵
ʱոշɷ˵ġǸ˼
Էɷɲ޶⣬ôһ˵ֻôʲôûмִ˵ġ
ȴ΢΢һۣĿһĨЦ⣺û⡣һ٣ڵߣʵҲὫ޸ҡڲᡣ

ͣ¡
ʲô˼
ڲᣬǽ
ԼеףԷɷɼ޲ݼңģһ˼
һգȢ
˼ת߰š

ֻҲȢ
ΪΣʡ
ڹտ鲻ܷɣе£ڹж෽˽
ͣ١
ʶǡ˽ȻȤиһ룬ȻǷŽУֻ䣬оĻҪ
ʵ͡
ĬƬ̣̹ϵǰҲرķɣҲ̹档

ʲôģ
ѿڶ䷢ȣæŽͣʡ
һЦƺδͻȴҲδشʵ⡣
ĬһۣתĿ⣬˼⡣  

ʱȻİŪĺýš
ʲô뵽˭
һʺ޲ȥ̽һ̽ص硣

ֻǶ̶Ƭ̣俪ڡ
СЩʲô
ҲСˡ
չΣԹ鷿
ʣ
еĸ㳹ײˡ

תƣ׾Թ϶תۼ䣬һ괺

ʿˮδһȴ֦һѸͳͳˣÿ¶Ҫߴ硣ͷڶ̶һʱԷɷɣƽ
ԷɷһռˣԴԾӣС˱ʶһ㣬ȴΪ˭۲ݣʰٰΣֱԡɷɽ㡱㡱ƽϢ¶ˡ

ԸоԼı仯
֮⣬ÿһÿһ춼Ϣ˾̾ı仯š֫չ֫ߣ|ڴ|͵ģżʹ
ڳ
ֻų˵ؼһٳδ
ôô
ʴʼΣƽ˵ÿʲһü

£ݺɲݳ֪ǼֻԭʽǸеƵģ·ܳƣȴ˵Եֻû֫θҲãֻţſš
ѩѾ󣬳һֻеȣëɫƯèЩҲЩģȴϲܣҹҲ֣ҪôèӰҪôڴ̨治ͣУе޶˷ꡣ

ʮ룬˯¡
Ҳ֪˯˶ãУΡ

Ǵ죬ƣͷ㣬ԺǾޱˣƣƽ
ɫ֪ΪΣŽţһƬݵϡãȻĹˣվһˣ°ɫϣԵů

ʳŶУݡ
䡣
࿴ʣ֮£ֳЦݣ֡
֪ΪΣʺȻе㺦ߣ䱼ȥס֣ʮָഥɲǼ䣬Ȼһ飬ˡ

ãȻۡ
ҹɫˮ¹ˣδƽϢָסؿڡ
ͬʱеʲô||˳





57.     

, ˣˡ

ϲﳤˡ
ˮЦ, æǰæĸʻѣ, СˣϷ, ְֽһӦ
Щ֪ʶǰ֪Щ, Ūˡ
ԭʽ, ֺüأҲһԭõİ

ӷڳɴˡЦЦ, ۾ͺˣϷˣﳤˣɿˡ
ǵģĸҳ, 㲻Ҫˡ
Ĭ
֪, ĳˡ

Ȼȴδ̫оǰţ·һ, ͻᷢ츲, شı仯, Ȼ浽һ̣岻, δԲͬ
վ⼸ѽѾϰ, ׷·ףΣһǰ졣Ҳǣ˲ǻݣһ¾Ϳ㻨ݣɳҲһҹ֮䡣
岻ġ

ҲᵽŮеĳɳʹÿʲһʹҲһݾ歶ˣڼ伸£ƽ죬Էɷƽ￴ãȻȴʹġʲ̫ʹֻǶͣ᲻
ҲܵŮȨԺգİõĲȥѧˡ

Էɷ歶ѧʡ
ڸˣ
˸һơ
ԷɷɵˣЩӣǳȥ档
Ǽȥ棬ȻԷɷ˵⻰ʱȴѹüգ۵ģ·𲻴Ѱ
ʣȥѽ
Էɷɴսʣȥһֻдȥĵط
歶ȥˣһֱڵ㡣һȥʶ

ƽԵģȴѵʮĬͳһʱģŪĺıæ׷ʵʲôطȴٺһЦؿƿ
ʱ֪ˡڸˣ˯ž
ˣֻգﰵطֻյ׽һա

ǡ꣬岻ʣʳ಻񣬱㲻Ըţֻڴţȥ֪һһˡ

𣿡
³ԺټûյȺӰֻΪʽأҲԣüͷ΢
ûӷģˮЦ
Ǻιʣ
ˮڴһЦʵԸ档
Ů⼸նٻЩʣûθҲӲصģ⼸ձˡ

ǳӣȻ֪һЩȻէˮ֮ԣȴһ
ˮȥڰǰʵλã΢΢

պʻָԺ
ֻδȴúܾδƵġ䲢δǰ֪̽Եˡ֪ΪΣټ䣬е޶˶˵ĺߡ
ȴɫ糣һۣδʡ
Զͬһ㣬Թ

󣬱ȥ鷿ˡ⼸˲ٹΣץ䣬ٲ⡣
ſڣȴȻͣ
ʸֹһͷײϣɻôˡ
䲻ɫÿһתͷ˫ʡ

ţôˣɻ̧ͷ䡣
ӽزԺϰ
һʱδףΪΣ鷿ͦõѽڲԺҲǲѧϰΧܱȲ鷿Сѧ鷿ѧϰҲͬᳫġ

һָһϲ鷿ҲҪǰ֪һڳط
ʲô˼ѽһͷˮˣΪҪڳط鷿ĺܡ
ʺʶʲô
סڣ̧ͷ˫ĿݣֻɫȻòغ͵룬ޱĿʡ
͸硣
ʲС
 Դѳ󣬲Сˣ֪ŮбԺ󲻿ǰ㡣
ʲôвǰ㣿δ˵ȴ¶⡣
ӽϲҪٹҪ鷿ǰ֪һ٣պ棬Ҫע⣬ӣİӵͬһҡСʣ

ǰ漸䣬һţĸȥ䣺˼ǴӽҪ㱣־룬ʱ㣿
š
һһ鷿һ˵Цˣ
䲻𣬳ĬĬϡ
ѿڵҪ
΢΢šü
˵ʱЩţȥ䣬ǰǳе£ʱţ˵ʲôĶˣ֮ʱʱץ䣬Сȥδ˵ʲô
һ̣ȴһܿˡ

ʴסˡ
͸硣
ܵĶ̵Ｋ䲻ȥһųЩģͷܾã浽һ죬ȴȫԤڣͺɽȴֲɫƽ棬ʮ⣬еʴӡ

鷿á
ҲҪ˵
俴ʣһ٣Ǳȥˡ
ʺ鲻תͼϿʲôһ˿ҵ͸𣿡
䲻𣬼̶һ߳ţ鷿ȥȥɡ
ʴ䱳Ӱʶģ漴׷󣺡Ҳȥ
δͣǱ㡣
鷿̧ȴһС˴ſһվס·
µɹСΪѡ

ȴʼʱƽһα鷿⡣
վסˣãȻŵĿŷڡ⼸ߣϰº͵ӣһ档һ룬ŭ˵档

Уڰ£׾ڡ
ƻҡҷһҾף֪˶ãоʲô̧ͷ⿴ȥ
ſһĨӰʾδߣҲִֻվſڣ۰Ͱͳţ俴Ŀеʱһ
䣺
΢΢һ٣ޱͷȥһ˲䣬ĿеĹȥ

񣬽յ²࣬ȴʮֻЩ˼ĸꡣ˵ʵǺ¡
鷿ʮְ
Ƭ̣ͷѹ͵˽ǳµƺȰ˵ʲôһ󣬽ŲƺԶ֮عڼž

衣
е
æݣΪϲˮ
ˣʡ
˭°һʹﰡûأԺվءСȰʹﶼء
΢΢üʾⳣ¡
±²ˮߣһҪ죬ˣе䰡

˿ڲ裬ŬĿ˻ȴʼЩĲɡ
鷿һΨãʽ歶뾲żҲӰ쵽һɣ粻׸
Ҳɶ£鷿ʱǰһԼ£ᶯʲô⣬ҲǼæ꣬ȥ̡ϲŵͬһҡʱ鿴˾ˣһ̧ͷרעӣƣһɨա

֪Ǽȥ
СŮˡ

յĻһʱ𣬶˺üա
ûж歶˵Ůб֮ĻЩ˻ȥǡʵǳ£δ̹ʲôǣȴԼصĺܺãͷ񣬴󷽶ᣬء
˵һֱʵð۰ĳЩԼãȻվá

ŮӳˣСʱЩȷҪע⡣
ʼɡ
ȫΪʺãȻҪ޳ģſڵӰȴãԼ·˼Ĵ¡

衣
һںȾˮֺ
µߵߵܽעˮ
̧ͷһۡ
µʹﻹûأˮȰһأ޹վˣԺʯͷϣʯͷء
𣿡
ڨڨ졣
˿ڲ裬ɫԻԸȥ

æǣȥˣֻƬֻ̣ˣüΪѵʹﲻСģСҲǿ
üͷǳԵ𣬳³ңȻ֪涯˼ŭ⣬Ϊһ̾Ҫ˭֪˱ۣȥ
ȥɡ
ʮ˵

Ӧǣ㹪¡δ߼䲻õԽˣʲôʱѧƢ
ڼУӿڵǰ˭ѧأ˭ߵأ
˵ʲô
С˵еأԽԽˣ䣬Сȥ湫յˮ
һˡ

ֺȹһ裬ҳڣҹɫأ·ı죬Щˡ
ͷһûС
žһ£վ첽߳ȥ

ԺУʱ˫ϥһʯͷϣµůƵĹϣӳճһãȻе񱻶СͰͣǷ޹ȴ·ˮ⡣
Ų̧ͷվͣŵίǿ޴룬ԶԶ䡣

߹ȥƽ
Ƣˣˣ
򴽣ġ

ʱǰǲ˵˵ʲô˵ʲôʲôʲôΨǴӡ
һȴò\"ǡ
ʵҲȥͬǰĻұ˵˲Ҫкβԣ
侹һʱԶԡ
䵥ָĴָʳָʶ꣬˵¡ǰ飬Ϊá
ʴĻڰ׷˫еƻԣΪһ˺ãӦ˱뷨͸ܣ򣬱ֻ˵һ˽˽Ķѡ
䣺

ʱ򾲣ʵʮֽţָ΢΢һ˴󵨵䣬šò֪Ϊ룬ŮҪ֣Ҫأһ뵽˵ģӴԺٲʱҪ־룬ͷͨͿġܲˡ

˵
׽һ㣬
ԺҲҪܶԶ֮

ʵ͵͵˾ҪԸҪ󡣡

Ҫ֡
ƲƲ죬ˮ̻۳ɺӣۿҪû֡
䣺
ӲĳҲûãҲı⡣
йȥƴţûޡҡҲȥȥˣ졭

Ĭʡ
ȭͷеᣬǿӡ
˵㡣ûС
˦ȥûС
ҲˣߣҲûС

ϣΪֹδ뷨ʲôʲô˵ʲô˵ʲôһЩһЩûϵȴʵЩͷۡ
δڣֻЩͷۡ
ΪʯͷԼĽţҲ

ƺ̽ͷɫˮбճһһӰ
üġ
Լ߳ģкη

ˣǡ˵
ʻƴأȻһ䣬̵ɴ۾ģžž
üģס
Ժʱ㣿ȷϵ׷ʡ
š
Ҳһ𣿡
š
鷿Ҳһ𣿡
š
Ҳߵĺܽ𣿡
š档
ţõġ

һһȷ꣬ΪЦ߻žӨ顣
䣺
Ŷһֱֱ̧ۣһĨ͵Լġ
ѾһƢûˣٶüģˣȥЪ°ɣʱ䲻ˡ
ʵͷ͸ҲϢ

ת뿪˼ֻͷһЦɫ£ŮЦ紺ɵĺ鶯ˡ
ҲЩЦ⣬еķƽϢһЦ

֮վɣǰһšʱˮʹϰӭҪĽգȽڡ




58.     


, ȽڣΪӺҪ֮һǡƾٷŰٽȣʵ۱㽫һ, ٹ¿ƣͬ֡
⼸Ӻ⻼, ʵ֣ͣһ, ֱ괫߹ش, ʵĴ, ذ硣

ǳβμ磬˷Բ˵
һ˸磬ˮ˰ױһʱ, С˵ȽգݸҲɶǰȥ̤Ρ
ɶǼŮͯСץ٣Ϊ, Ҳм, ʮְЦʱܹĽʽ, ˻, 㱧ѩŵһȥˡ

й, һ
ʣˣ, СһСƺƵʻܽ԰

ʱ, ƣ߽԰Уֻˮȣİй̨˾𣬸֯ɼ䳵鰰룬ⴺշ֮£ܻˮģ˼ʢ
һϰǼ˰ǣ׷ӿܽ԰һ֮ʢᡣ

ʽ԰У˳ϡ
¥ָʿ
ʵ۽Я¥ڴ˴ٹ٣¥ȻݲйԱйԱҾ죬ɽͤΪϯ֮ٽһ⾳

˴ݣһͤ
˳ϰĿùʢᣬϡ棬ִɶ󷽱㣬ͷѰ˵طȥˡ

ͤɴᣣʽǰ¡£ҿʮһͤˣŮ죬ֻ΢ɴƮӰӰ´£ӳŮӰЦֱŮ԰
ֳϣӦҲ¿ȴδѩӰҲ֪

öŮ찡ʸ̾
ڼ䲻ԺͬݻףİδġŮǸĻ֦չǧ˰̬ݺݺ࣬ΪⴺһĨɫ
ǣŮʲôеģеİ
ݾæС
ΪȻʲôӴǲĿģʢװ
Ц֮ǰˮռһЩȤ£̤;һһոŮˣټżľʱ
ʵû˼ֻΪ£Ȥġ

ץ˸ӳţɷ˵ε¿ƽʿһ˲ţɵúúÿ
ݾҡҡͷԼôĿŵӵΪΪ޿κΣʵСʣɲҪѧ죬Թӡ
ʹԹ죬ݾιĹӣصͷ

ЦŸҪúÿأǼңҸżңǸļ޳ȥ
һ㶣һţѿڵҲŲҪ޳ȥ
ˣĿһŶҪ޳ȥѲ롭
һδϣŮ̴ʿ룬Ƭ̺¥ϣʵЯмλӣ飬ɺͼλس壬¿ڲࡣ

һ۱㿴䡣
Ժ֮һվڻʵԣԷɷҲڣŹվһ࣬һ

񣬻ʵ´һԸȽգʵã಻Ⱥ񿪻Ƭ̺ʽ磬Ƽʹģ̴̴ϢΪһһϡ
ӣң
۾ǰӨ͸ʺӣҹˮ飬ʳ󶯡

ӣΪһϵӣΪ˽ֵʼҹ԰ӣޣȫժҲ֣ϰֲ٣óɻӣӣȫأӱޣԸνǧʮ
Ǻң̳


¥ϴЦȻ̸ͷϷһ¿ƽʿʱ¥ϣͬʫò⡣ܲͤĪһ¿Ƿɡ
ʼҲɴץӣң߳Ա¥Ͽ
ͤӾ¥һ࣬ʮֽ¥һӦ񼸺һ

Ҳʮֺ¿ƽʿǳʲôģż⣬𾢡
ʿѿּһ죬֮˶˵꣬а̡ȴмλᣬֻȺ룬ʥǰ޳Ӱ۽ǹ£һ磬ȷмɡ

ϺһģһתͷһȴԷɷɣ˹ҲˣԼˡ

û¶ˡͷˣǺһá
Էɷɴ£ץ˰ӣҿʼԡ
Σ¿ƻмֿͷɡԷɷɵ
Ʋ죬΢һʼ磺ǰǰͷǿЩɡ
δǰ¿ƽʿ
Էɷһһ쿰ʷ¿ף˶ʮٶ㿡ˡĪҪ۹̫ߡ
ΪȻҿֳԶˡ
Էɷɣ
Էɷˣϰ벵һ䣬ȴ޷ֻʵ

¥ϣƽֻۣǾҲȺʮעĿ
ƽﵹʲôôԶˣȺһȻ֣ԼͬʱҲڷ仯֮ǰƺˣȳ޳ʵüĿȣ˵껹мȴٲȻģ֥㣬Ź룬˵ĺÿ
¿仹һȣȴө¹⣬ɲʧɫ

ע⵽Ůڿ䣬֮ǰĻʹϦ磬ʲͬЩŮҾȻŵÿĿŵʹͷ㡣
ǵһӣ㡣
ƵĻ˲ֹһ䣬ʮԺе㲻·Լҵĺö˿̽ȥ

ɣƹܿƾٿԣһѧǶڱ䣬಻˭б𣬶˷ƵƵͶŮǻȵˣʮֵȻ롣
ʻһ䡣ÿͷ˵̬ȣָо˵Ȿ䲢δı䣬ʼʱģ
ڼУ˽ʱǰŻ¶ȫͬºͣݺżһ档

һ߳ӣңһ߿¥ϡԼţһۡ
ԷɷɲȷҲֹһõģ˶ء
ĵ͸ÿá
̾ǰʯѵ
ӣңǺЦţصͷ⻰ʮֲǫҲǡȴʮͬɫ֮⻪½ۡ

Էɷ§סʼһŵʲôͷ˵ǻиʲôȤ԰ȥȥҪȥʶģҿҲȥˣ
ϻ˸ɫ˵˵ȻҪȥġ
ʵʱˮ֮ʣԷɷ˵Ҫȥʶȴһֱصģ֪Ǻ¡

ݾһԲͬҡͷɷɣǲҪСʡ
Էɷɽ󼸿ӣȫʿУסӣСʣԼ˵ҪҪȥ
ص˵ֻͷҲʮֺ澿Ǻ¡
ԷɷɺٺһЦŶ֤ʧ
ʱԷɷɻεĵȥҪˡ

¥һȻף¥¿ĿײšĿ΢΢һתԷɷϡ
ԷɷһѸɿ֣װģãúӦģû¿ʲô

ʿĹĹңлץżӣң俴һЦ˻йӣ˼ǣûúóԡ
üë΢΢һвԾЦ⣬ʹֿǰϵḶ́΢һס
Ƭ̺󣬱й˹ӣңŵǰ
ݴ͹ġ
һ̣Ȼԭûô
̧ͷ΢ɲ̧̧°ͣṇ̀΢΢̴ʾʳԡ
˵ĺܣֳãδԺá
˵ϱץһѳ
ԷɷƲƲ죬ݾҲ˼š
üͷһ촽̵ķȸһЩᣬ˼Ͻԡ
Ц

ʱģõк£ɴϣŮЦݻһͷ׷⻪ɢʤգɲ˲Ŀ

˭
ʵ





59.     


˭
¥, һӵʵ
鲮ŮǵͽݹλСϲӡ

ǡ

ڳϿ羰, ⲻ֪Լеķ羰
⼸, ʳγ⣬Ҳ𽥳, üĿ续, ʤѩ, ĽϢֽŮԼ鶯, ŮĽ봿棬һ֮Ŀ
СѳɻʵĴˡ
ϰŮƣһã֮, µա

ô, ⣿òﻹδ˼ң, һԡ
ŶϢʵ
Ȼ, »ݹס, Ҫá
˵, оԣһ̧ͷ䲻֪ʱ, 俴Ŷˡͷһæס˿ڣҹǴ˵ĳϲӣٲҶһ䣬Ͻڨڨ߿
Ůǳ侩ǵһӵʢ֮Уǲ֪˵֮νɲǿѨ磬졣ʱŵȻƽͣȻһϣôĶ֪
ΣǲҪΪá

䶢ˣͷ䣬竣ݰӹ̫ɣøҵˡ
ջĿ⣬¥£ɫ΢
¥Էɷɼֳһţһ棬Ȼܿ̽Ŀ⡣

ӣ̽磬ĻʵȴЩƣˣЩ˽ɼλӺͽЯ뿪
ʵһߣ˸޾

ߣ԰ȥ
ԷɷȲҪȥ档
ʱ뿴̽ʹǲɻȴԷɷӲˡðɣѾǳʲôģҲա
˽ݾĲɶǷֿȥѰˡԷɷɣ˻λεʼ԰

һգϰǵ㳲̤ΣһȥˣŮ٣ƽͷգֹ̼ɣ׹Сֱ֯ޱߴɫ
ϰĴܺܶݣת˲ţȻȴ쳣Ũҡһٻʢ԰ڣ˹ֲֻܾţͷײá
һ裬ɾ

ⷱ磬գůģ续ϻЦԱ߸ֿ飬ֻĿ˵
˼̫ãֵ̫ˡ

Ż֦ϰס˺ü꣬ԵطҲ˼˽⡣
Ӻ翪ϰΪǣɼһߡֽգŮ٣ƯϲˣԿʻϲ֮顣
Ů˵ѰټżľʱԷһչɽ̽ԼǡöԷ⣬ɻʻһ֧Է⣬಻ѿ
ʻˣһ顣
ÿһգɶټżѻ

ʼһΣ׻ˡ

ò绨һһ֧Ըղϣòڡ
һԷɷ׻
Էɷɻӻ֣лҪҪ
²ȴɨ˶顣
ԷɷòüĿŮеӢһ·ɷעĿĹӵϳԷɷɣԲǰǡ֪Էɷݵģȴײ˶ӡ
ԷɷŻ鷳һֱ˭˭ùһգͳͳޱߡ
ģҪô竣ҪôСܲˡҴӺûһ𣡼ֱҿǡ
׳ʵ͵Էɷʮ֣Ŀ
ѶԷɷɵ޼ֲ֣֪ʲô˲λµۡ

ò˽ֲ󣬳ȴһҹŮĽׯʮִۡ˵˱ȵֳȴԷɷǰ飬ͻ̵¡

мˣĳʹ﷼
֮׻
һֱͬ˰СԷɷһܱСãԺˮҲС㡣ԺſڲԶԶżҲЩĿ⣬ȴֻΪǿ˵ģδ
ĿŵȷʾãΡ

æлӹ
Ӽδδ֪֪⣬Щʧ뿪
¹սҹһբ㲻ʰʽӶյ໨

ϽʫᣬԸĳͬȥһۣ
һ׷죬ʷԼ
Ǳѱɷǰȥս¼пɣܵù˵ܰεͷ
һ˱żͲԼ
Ըнգн񳯣
һһ֧һһЦԶˡ

ʣ

ӴСʺܻӭ
Էɷ˴
˺޶⣬Ҽóɵοִż棬շģòξһĻһźκιԣ֮Ŀã׽ϲ֮顣
֮УʾȻյĻ࣬ŮٽС

㣬ƯȲҪˣҳòãһܿ쳤ģ
һСͯһʻͯ޼ɵҪ
ʣ

Զһ۾լۡ¥̨ϣԺ֮԰С
˴¥̽ѽ̴׼ǰԺ֮⴦ЪϢ
լۡٽĸߣΪ۾ѵأ԰֮۵ס

ȺУһ۱㿴ʡ
ʱ˰뻳ʻվĴ֮УЦٻ⡣

รС֮𣿡
Ժ֮һۣͷڣִü䣬¥£ȤȻ֡꣬ӷֱ𱻷˳Գ˸ж࣬ʱݸһģҲϤ
δ˵
һۣﶼˣǰ׾Թ϶Ժ֮̾
ĿϣŮˣϸȴСʱĵһŮͤͤȻԺ֮˵ġŮӳǺܿģɲǣ춼С·һգۣȻɴˡ
е˴ֲЩã

Ůһ󣬾ҪˡԺ֮¥̨ϣеֻǼŮ֪ܽסҪһ׮ͷˡ
һ£˵СҲüˣõҵʱ˰ɡǺδ㣿
νŮӺϣСҴֻ꣬Ůصʱ׵˲١Ԥңݸһź£
üͷһ䣺ݸ˽£ӵҪܣ
Ժ֮ٺһЦҲң棬ʡ
ʷʹ룬ʱ磬ǰ˱¥ȥ

Ժ֮ȴδͣ죬߱ߵֻеִ㣬ٺٺ١¶һζЦݡ
ɨһۡ
Ժ֮ŵû취ϾҼΨһŮҪ˵һ˼ûУδ⡭
˼Щδ֮¡
һԺ֮ʱˣ̫רӡͻȻķ߿Ȩôãѡɳٳδ֪кδ㡣ߣǱԼӶԼͳ⣬ҪΡ
üͷ΢΢һšԺ֮һۣͷԡ
Ժ֮ڰ֣

˱ӦϲС뿪¥£ȴȻһת԰֮ڡԺ֮æϡ
Ųֱ֮ͣ
ףֳ歶кע⵽Ժ֮æѹ¡
Ժ֮һЦݣضͷɷһ缴ɡ
歶硣

ʱʻĿΣЦӯӯ䣬͸磬㿴յ˺ö໨
ɫȻĿⲨŶ𣿡
Сװͷܿİҵһյô໨
˵еĵһ֧ȴ͵ġסС԰ѩӣ÷ٳδĵһ֧ˣ峿ڲԺſڡ
÷֮㣬ƻƱǶˡ

Ժ֮θߴ󣬻ۣȲվѤôɫʮһͼĿƵƵͶ
Ŀü֮ϣ֪Ǻÿģһ̣ȴڷ⣬˲ֱӡ
ʺһĲƺ̫ˣҲˣϾйһ档Ҳδ룬һ֧ݸ䣺͸磬͸㡣

һ١
歶ţ
Էɷɣ
Ժ֮ٺһЦŶ

Ȼʱշȡƽôһ֦ƽͻ֮壬ȴǲͬʾңûб˼
˻ֱ
Էɷɣû˵б˼
Ժ֮Ҳ޷
歶СŮӸ飬޳ɡ

Щˡ
ͨ죬ǰδ¶Сˡֻ˴ŵЦȴ˷
ջһ˳
ݵһ΢Ц⣬Ժ֮ʱˣ߰ɣҪ˵̫áֶʼ˵ãͷȴɹһȥ
̶뿪ʴʱһ֣һ飬֧





60.  ʮ   ʮ

Ժ֮Ҵȥ, Էɷ歶δȡЦһʻˮ, ԰
һΣЩ, ѰƧЩ·ԤȥͤЪЪ
ȴȻ, һλ벻ˡ

, ˳ި֮, ӭҴҶ
Էɷɣ⣬΢΢һͣ, ЦⲻҼСʲôʱģ
Էɷɶλ粢飬Ϳ绹δȥҪ˰ɡ
Ҫȥި֮Ŀһת歶ݶС㡣
歶΢΢һʸһ˸

ި֮, Цʮºͣض񡣱ǵݶССʱɷɳμһ, ȴƣνʶˡ
ԷɷɲСʱ, 绹˵
歶, ֻ΢΢һЦӶ, ݼӺܣԷɷ歶, δȷվӣйϵȴʮ΢歶ƽ֣ȴҲ֪ʱ, ɶԡ

ި֮һЦãǱ㲻˵ˡ绹£һпգȥ縮棬绹ǵõġ
Էɷ˵֪ˡ
歶ʱʩ񣺡ߡ
ި֮ףĿȴϣ۾Ȼһ΢΢һУ¶Ц
ʵü
Եһμλӣʱ㲻̫ϲި֮òׯƵӢʱʱЦȴŹа·Цصʱϲŭ޳εʮֲ
᲻࣬óԡ

ި֮뿪ʼ˱㽫֮Ժ󣬶ި֮߳ಽȴȻͣסʡ
ǵСϲӣ
ʹӴǡ
ި֮۾ĨӰǹ¶ζЦˡ

һľ˶ƣۣջȥδԣǿϴ˯¡
Żظҹ˾˯֮ǰһ£һֻƿעˮһ֦һ롣

ȽڹȥָûԺˡ
ȻʵڲǶգǵصɹﶼůڵģֻȥ棬ɽҰܣŷݣ򣬹̫̫֡ˣֻڲݵɹ̫ҲǼ¡
ôű˼գֵϢա

ߣȥĵط
ԷɷǸصļƻҪȥʶˡ
ȥȥﰡ
ͱθڣĲˣȲ׷ʾʲôطԷɷ歶ȴӣ˵ȥ֪ˡߣȥ·

ʱ㱻ȥһ̡ԷɷȻǰ׼ƹһæͷҪĶˡ
ԸŮ˺Ժ˽źǻ¡

ʱһƣ깫Ȼ
һ泤ӳճ
ԷɷһװһͷС裬׹űʯż⹴ѥһѺٲȻһλӡ
ź˽ۣͷڣֳһȣˢȻһʿ
խ°׽ڷ߸βϵһУ䱦ʯԣŵһ˫Сѥֶһ֪ǴСҾף֪˼伲ཿųСӡ

˶ˣŮʱòˣװѷɫŮװһʣϸȴǼ磬ʮֱ˵ĺÿ
һվɲǼƺжࡣ
µŮ֪⼸˸һŮӣȴԾ̲ס

λж֪Ҫٷġ
Ӻ翪Ůװټµƹֲ֣ʣֻʵά
Էɷɺһƹ򣬴ĺã𱾡Ӹ˫
ƹϲѣæϹлͼ˳š

ͷ֯գ˲УѧӲ̧ͷͦأҡڣڴ
ʴǰԷɷżװһԣڴˣ˵˷ܡ
ҵίʵĲѾ£ƽӹ£ǵʮܵȴӷױ⣬¶ʮֺáӣ°пССͻƤĺʮֱ档
ĺŶ
ѿء
ϲ̵ţ͸翴һ

Ǻʱȥʱ֣ѹɤӵ
ȥϷûʼأֲ˼񣬲ȥԷɷɴɤӡ
ǾȥĶܸ˵˰ɡ
Էɷֱһ죬ʲӼڱ£ٲȻǹĴ֣ʶ
ȥնġ 
ţ
ʲô
ɶ
һͷˮ

Ƭ̺վƽһڣһС¥ǰ¥ϹһҶɫ㼸֡
һ¶
ʲôط

˵е|ߣ|硣Էɷһ׳ƣ|¥





61.  һ   һ

¥
ʵʱˡ
⼸, Էɷɼ˾˲ٵطȻ¥̻֮ȴδ

ƽ¥ۼ֮أС, ߰¥ɫĲչ, гԶŨ֬ڷΧȻͬ
ʱ, ȴѲ߶, Ůڸ¥, Ծױ¥˽Ц, Լ˿֮

ɫϰ¥˵ƣвٺǶԷɷɵ
Ϊβȥ¥·𲻴⡣
ͲˡҶǡէģʲô, ֱȥ¥׼, Ц˵治ˡֵط, ѧһѧ, պȥ¥١
е
ȥɡ
ߣ

û뵽Էɷɾ¥ֲ֮ǰһֱ, ˵ǳ£ֲ÷Ҫװ
̧Ҫȥ, æסˣ˵ˡ
ȥ𣿡
ԷɷɵۣȻѵ㲻룿
Էɷˣκ֮ǰδ, Ͼ̫ۣαװʶƣûа飬ʱ˺ͣð;ϡ

ʵҪ͸֪Ǿˡ
˵ʵʶֵطҲ֮ģ齥ˣҲŲ¥£ʲôɫŮƴģ߽ղĵطȻһɴ˳롣
źǣȥ磬Ůȴ⡣
ȥȴԼ֪ǲ̫ԵģģӦ˵Ů˶¡ƽܣֻҪĿľͺã·һ㣬ʮֵġ

֪ˣԷɷɲΪȻİɣҴˣչæĺܣ糯㿪δɢֻ֮Ҫع˵׼ҹ޹ڣæء
һԵҲｻչ룬Ҫȥٺ٣µ
ӾͲСԷɷɸĬʮ㣬Ǹ֮ˡҲ˳ֲݣȴ浽һԭ֮һ
ǡԾɵǡ
ʲôǣΪ˵㣬һˡҪ㲻գԷɷɱв
ѵøŸͣ

˽սĺͽʤҾͽȥĵŮӣҲ˰ûû¡
ŶԷɷɹЦ˴յһ𣺡ȥҪ֣ҪֱҪᣬǧҪ¶ӣֵطǮǴүǰ㶣ãĪš
˻һƣһ㣬¥ڡ

¥ΪΧС¥¥¥Ż̵Ĳʳڸ˴ߣͷȴѵ˵ơ
ͷ׵Ʋ·¥¥ָٲȻͬ硣ƹʶ컣ŷһξ

¥ʮ䷿仹δʽӪҵʱ䣬ȴƻͨ¥´һ¥̨Ǳã磬˼ˣǵЦ

Ӵ͵
Ѳӣˣʱ۾һӭһ氵дһǳӹӴ
ʱ˲࣬Ǳɢ¡صٻ㲻̽ͷһ֮£ˣÿκùĹӸ
Ƿ׷ӿ

ˡ
ȾƻʫأūʲôһŶ
ӡ

̱ΧһУ˱ǣһʱֱκġ
ȿȡԷɷɲǹ°̧ߣֱͦƵһõķõľơ
ϡϲЦտȺȾƣҪ㵹ƵĹӿϲĹֻϲʲôĹūλš
ѹҿЩװ򶨵ĴװΣԷɷȻҪĹţһһɡ
ϡӦţȴδжЦеĴԷɷɵˡ
ôˣԷɷü
Ī֣λǰδ֪ӹգ

һ⣬룬ɣ¥Ҫŵ񲻺׳£֪¥ĹأԸ֪ݣ֪һգ˻ȥٸףϾǮˣͼαض¡¥ҲһЩﲻãЩǲ˽ɣϲԡ
һʣһǿףȴ˼

ȫԷɷȴζˡ
ģǸǮ
ԷɷɴһͣҲһӣ˲ˮѣźСүˣҪж١
æҽסǻƳγһӣüЦϥе¥¥룡һŷ

ȫδʵŮװɣһΪʮֱ棬ᶼУʶ㣬ǸӶοʼһۣճģδȫѱҲ
ԽʼһŷλԵȣūȥĹǹ

ͷ谸ͷͷŮǽϲˮ࣬˱˴˿˿û뵽ˡ
ͷŮٲʱˣ˽Ÿ£û

ɫΪϰ󶥼¥ƷζΪףǽϹֻڻȣݻдż־¡Ѭϵ֮߱ǣ־㡣
һܣͷżᡣ

߹ȥһ
˴|Ϸ¼ʲôģʷȴһᣬǻ֮龰ʱͨ죬ѽһȻ׿ᡣ
ôˣ
Էɷʵȥ顣
𿴣 
ʶǻᣬְӻؼϣһᣬϯ֮ʮơͼҲǲĶ
ɶѽɶѽԷɷҲЩᣬȴ֪Ȼ
ˣҲ𿴣ȫһտǻ档
Էɷȴ·Щʲô۾һǸɡۣҿۡ
ʣ

⴫ŲλŮ룬һ磬ĽЦǹɫ㼸λͷơ
ã̧ȥΪͷƣȻòˣɫɴȹ֫ȶˣʼƽٸʽŮӣǰ⼸λȴȫһ飬Ͷ䣬Ī

ⲻ֪ЩŮУʼλͬˡ
һУû˵Ȩ˭ϲӢµĿأֵʵʹź

߸һλŮӣŮǽźˮŮ೤಻ףɫЦ绨ʱһ˻ƣ̺죬ݺݺࡣ
ͷ˼ҽܺ󣬱ڡӡߡ

ȫ֪ӦֻɫһãľȻšͷԷɷҲԾȱȴװģ˼򣬾Ц
ŵЦʵΣԷɷɱŮ裬ֻգȴδ뵽¥֮оԻм汾£֧ȫ乬ʦ輿һ͢ве컴󵨡
ʼ˿Ϊ⡣ԷɷɸӳһѽҴ͡

ǼϲɵöһϵݲŽкÿء
ԷɷȤҲˣǮݡ
ǮǴү
̰ţ
ʱ˽࣬Ҳҹűݵķ㾹ǰݣλŮӵŲʳ񣬷ֱĸʲȹŮ·
¥һֻƣתƱϺͼŮǽ֮ʱȻ߿ͬʱһƾǻģײȻ򿪣ɢǧ꣬ͷһꡣ
ã
˺Ȼкá

ʼƶȴڶ¥Ӹ߹ͣӽǸΪֱһӾʢ硣
ã
Ҳ̲סơ
ʹеĹ͢Ȼľ֮ȻȴޣıݸʸУ޶ˡ

Ů֮ȻһЦˣȻһ䣬ֻ֮һȻ೤֮Լ¥̨֮ϣɴ֮ʱɫ̤֡
üĿѩף̤֫裬欣Ȼ󣬽޷תĿ

裡
ʼ˿ĿתϽкáԷɷɲƴ֣ȫӵ磬˴Ȳʣ󷽴͡ʺ歶ҲЩһǧĸоίʵ
ߵĹüЦźĸΪܵڡ

ʱ׺ΪˡڻƼȣƽһֽԵ磬ȴţ˼飬ֲܼ֡Ƕڴ˴
֪͸û

ʵͷϷ֮󣬹ΪС˿һȤ

ʼػطУ̻Ǻǻ
ӣȵˮɣūι
ʻعæԼ
ǹӳԿѰɡ
ϵŮӰһѣʴߣæܿԼԣԼ
ʺҶһѽȴδζֻŮԽԽˡ
Ҫ§
ʮϲ˵ģȻȴмܲ˵飬ʵ첻ֱֻۣԱŲһЩ
ŮٸŲ
ǰҪŲӱȥˡ

ŮӺͣסҧίӿǲϲūңūҲϹԵ𣿡
æûе£ٶǿŮӣ
ŮӱЦˣպҪǵūҡ
պ˵ȻҪӦģףá
ŮӸǸˣ۲תЦǹӿԸūҷһǵ˵˵
ʳδӦֱŮЦȤŮӴȶԼּԷɷƴգۣӦŮ֮⣬ȣ̵˲ˡл⣬ʱ磬ˡ
Ůӱ¶ʮźӣԷɷɺ歶ߵĹ࿪ʼòЦͼޣ㱻ܾ

ŮʹʼȴΪŮǻ࿴˼
һŮ裬ߵŮ˵˾ʲôŮӱվЦʧһ

Ůӵ⣬ȥԱһ᷿ͷ𱡣
һʵΣ
ŮҡͷУסǽüȴʯҡ
棿κηӦ
Ůӵģɳ֮⣬ӦǴҲޱ仯ŮЦǸòǲаɡ
ޡôĹӣ᲻С㼸򲻵ңۡ
ŮӲҼǺõԿ¡

ڷⲽո֮ʱʮ⡣ΪȴǼɫ޶ԣжԭίԹȥʿ
ոʼ˴͵ֱʵüۿЦ𱲻δ棬󷽵Ŀ˭Ӷࡣ⼸Ӹһųˣйܵϣδ£ǳζʳ֪ζպɾֶ༸ˣǳֱ֣Դ
ǧټƵסǡ

ԵʷУЦʵλɻù⣿⣬ԱǡùǶ
ʼæĺܡ
ԾЦУ⼸λ¥ͷƣƽ뵥ԼҪ㼸أϲλӣѵԼȴǻؾպҪЦء
λͷĿ¶Թ
Էɷ歶пԣǶǼõģֻǣֻǡ
ֻǶŮİ¶ڶģѹᰡ

Թɫ¶ɫֹ֮һһͷð
ԽԽÿܡ
һİƣǺһЦūˣȥš
ʵˣ
ɶˣҪɶ
ȼ־վɫҪɶɶԵƬ̣һ֤⣡
뿪֮ʱеŮӡ

һʱֻʣˣȫ֪ʲô˼ûˣԷɽˡ
Էɷɵûɡ
歶ͷʶˣ鴫һȤ
歶ǶҺͬŮӣԲλࡱ
Էɷɵ⵹ĽǴСҪ࣬һǡ
ʵȷʵԣҲҲÿ
ԷɷɹһЦȻݴ¥˲ɫһ
𣿾Ȼﻹã
»رȥ¥ɣ歶  
û⣡Էɷɻơ

ʳɵյûȥ˰ɡѾˡ
ʱ˵粻磬˵ҲҲʶԴظˣԷɷȴٵȵȣȿʲôţ˵ʲôĿʱˣǿߡ
歶Ҳʮֺ棬ʱֻӶš
Ҳ֪͸ȥû

ͷƮЦ֮ʱ¥Ϊ֮ʱȻŴ򿪣ʼ̧ͷȥ
ֻſڳּӣ






62.     

ӣ
¥, ӽǵķڣ

ȫסľ㶿Ǽˡ
ǳλ, ޸, ٸǹɫܻӭСĶ, , רźλ
ʵˣ 
СĶһʱȫûӦ,   ΪʲôҪСĶ

ԷɷǰΣЩ˽⣬, µ۲ڵʲô˼㡭ȿȿȡ
ⲻӳУ·ڣǺһЦƽǲغ, ū, ⶼĺǺǣǼúź, Ƿ, ؾˡ
Ա, 㹪˳ȥںš

ǰŮѲӰ, ȡ֮ǼλСǰݲˮλСĶ˸񣬱ʵ
ʺվ
һ£Էɷһ, վ𶯡
Сͣ¡
Էɷʾ⣬歶ֻԴһô졣
ҪˣǻȥɡҺѽ
ʻֵ̿
˵Ůװ¥ܽܣͻСĶֱʾʧ롣СĶҲ֪һЩģרŵСĶԺû뵽ɫоҲСĶ뵹Ҳ⣬ϾɫɫĿ˺С
ôģ״жϳǡϲСĶġ
ʸо̬һֵķչȥ
ͬȴ񲢲롣

أô룿Էɷת歶
歶𾪹ȥ˫۷һɣΣ
Էɷһ歶ɫʱղüͷһˣɡ
ʣҪɣǡеİ
԰еĲźءԺҲҪȥԺģȻˣüʶʶԷɷɵ
ǣǡ
СʣľͺãǶ㣬͹ԹźȲְˡԷɷĦȭƣаһЦ볢˵|ϷŮ˵Ȥҿķɡ
ʣ
ǹ˵ȫסƫ歶Ҳһɿ𣺡٣ҲҪҲҪ
ߣ
͸֪ˣĻᱻġ
ʱоƽȿ˵
ģǾһߡ
ʱһһҼųȥˡ

ǼСĶʮɫ£̹ȥһ¡
ԷɷɽСֵСˣ㲻Ҫ̫ɶֶš
С˲裬С¯ˮѬ㲻֪ʱˣƮɢһ㡣

λСĶӣȴѰӶ˼̬Ե쳣ˡȻʮֻźˣ赹ƣжȣƬ̣˷Էɷ歶ʹ˼¸һ졣
ӼƯŮǰ㣬ŮҲܻ᲻¸߰Ůװ׻Ůӡ

Ŷᳪǳһɡ歶˵
޸ȡ٣ң͵
ʲôԷɷɲ֪ʱ歶ӣ٬°ͣ٬ʡ
ʲôᣬҪʲôС°̧˸ۡ
Էɷɣ

ϵٸͲ󣬻ģ㣬һ˫۾ʮֺÿͷʱʱˮ⡣
ԷɷɽٸôһţЩʲ˵Ҳ˵ֻϵĵ赹衣
ʱ㲻ϵĺȲȲ裬װһӲˮ
Էɷ歶ǱߵֶԱȣԵøⰲʵʮϲСĶӣҪλ治֪мܡֻϣԷɷɿ湻ȥ
ȴе㲻оԼ¡

ӿҪԵϹ
ٸȻڣһľһƬˮݸʡ
æлá
ٺȵ裿
ҡͷȲˡʵںȵĹˡ
ٸһ٣ӿǲϲ٣
ţ
ٸ̧ʣϺЦȴôίҲԹӶֶţӷľͺãŰ٣ǵģĸҪźˡ
ʵĸв˼ûСûвܣźĺܺá
ǱáٸһЦ

ǰûϸôһ棬ŷ֣ٸ۽пС룬ʼ۽Ҳôһ룬λòͬ£ɫҲһƫɫСС֥顣
ĸ֣ʵ
ٸʳָպ˲ˮдٻ١
Ŷʵͷ

ٸӣܷȥһ㣿˵Щ㹫˵˵ʱ䡣
ʣаɡ  
ѿͷҲ̫ˣҲȷʵá

ٸԿЩмɸȭͷ֮Զδʡʵһ֮ʱе㲻ڡ
Ľˣʺܿŵٸϵһζӻ㣿ţҲ˵Ϻţеֵֹġ
͸Ҳ㡣
ʺȻҲζģȴī㣬ʮֺšƽδע˿ȴȻļ

ӿҪٸʵ
æȡȲá
ٸҲȰ˺裬ʵ衣
ʿǲˮոٸдֵ£ʵ飿
ɫ¥ͷͷƻֶ鵹ʲôϡ£ʸռٸд֣ȴʮֺÿδСϰһ˺ѴﵽǸˮƽ

ٸɫһʱŸ׺ġ
ԭٸٻ֮ңƲԺգȴҲŵڣСʳ׳£ٸɫ㡣
ֻһʣʳôһ׮¡
ٸŲʮ꣬ȻСģȴһƶ˵࣬źˣʵʱͬ顣
ŰɣźԼá
ٸ£۾죬ȴǿЦǸˡЩҸģźӣҲźˡտʼǼĿ࣬Щ㲻ʲô

ٸ˼սɫʱ֮Сʱ޴򣬶ӣˮֱ۵ȵȣֻʲ
ÿ
⼸Щϲ΢ùˡ
ͷ޸һ٣һ裬Էɷɿ²ٸͽке̸

Ժкδ㡣ͬʵ
ٸܵǮʹˣȥһذաҲûԵˣֵܲطһӡ 빫Ե˵ЩĪЦ
æЦ㡣㣬ܶǮˣ
ٸһЩˣܰɡӣ
ֻʴͳӣһЩһԶٸУ꣡ǿˣԼ͵͵š

˵¥пǵͣҪȫ߲Ͻ𱣬Ǵ¡ճʱԷɷһǶЩǮոտӻ˲٣ʣЩˡ
ңԺŲˣֻܰһءԸܹǮຣػɡ
ϵ˵
ٸ뵽ԼҲ㡰ҵ䡱ȴٸ̫ˡ

ٸʣɫԸӣȻжˡ
ãٸж֮£һסʵ֡
һţʱ࣬æصС
Ƕ̶һ˲ֻٸ־ƱŮӻҪ޹ǡʺȻָ޳ףǽڷָָгִԼǰξϰʱµı룬΢д̸С
͸ָÿҲ
ʰ롣ףΪʲô͸磬֡

ͷ͵һֻۣЦ̣ԱȸոչźʱЩ⣬ԼȻĿ档
⼸Ͷûˡ
ٱ˵ĶУ׼Ͼͳˣ

ʱȻһһӴ̤ϵ¥żҶڣеٸү
ɫһ䣬æӭȥ¹ӽôˣٸп͡ū
¹İ֣ʣߵпͣҵҪбҸĿˡ
¶˵һ߿š

ʵ˱һ뿴ſڡ

ǳ¹ڸѧʿ¹֮Ϊɫ㲻ҵĹͣٸƽ˱ֻźһˡʱδ֣Ϊˣû˰¿͡
˭֪ȴˡ
ƽŰ裬ˣһʼˣףֻۣ˲һлǮ˼ҵСүˡ

Σ뷿УҶᳵ·ǰϣǼʶ㣬ȥҪǹˡ
ʼȫסδ֮ˡ
Էɷɵŭˣʲô󵽡
¹бһƳԶ׼ıģӾǷن£ȥ

Ȱӿ߰ɣĪҪǲ𡣡
ǳ¹ӺȵǼվ
缸Ҫȥ
ԷɷȴЦ»ûǲģ
¹˴ԣǶ࿴Էɷһۣǣͦ㵹˵˵ͷ
Էɷɵӵͷ˵㡣⹫ݴ˼˵ġ
¹ȻһЦƵĶʲôͷûУ˵ڰ֣ƲԳԷƣȥ
Ҷӿ

Էɷû뵽˵־Ͷ֣Ҫᡣķ৵ĳӣСÿ
һ̫ͻȻˣɵˣ䣬ʹԷɷɽУæ˿

Էɷƽ޲֣ˣˣ磬һ̣ʲ֪ʵмֹֻǺɫߣԷɷ󶶶ָĶĶ磬֮Īϯ
ֻžž죬ҶǱҽУһʱܽ
һ£һ޳鵽¹ֱϣ¹ӶʱʹһеģҴӣȥˣŪӲճ£

һҶȥ
һҲ˲ú£׷ȥȥǼҶǼҶȴδԶֱϣԺշһ衣
ǽ˵źŵ
ҲʡʵƽǼ˳ʱ߶ٶ˰ţҪ¥ɲܽκ֪Ǽ˱ҽڣԽ̴ȫ֧ˡ

Էɷʺ裬һ£ƾ˵ȱ
ûʲôõȴһֱװһڽУš
ʵҲ⿪ңͳ裬ѧǼҶӣһţɫʻһɫʮۡ

ǼҶתͷڳ
ݶ㿪طڡ
һƬǽ壬ΧԷɷɣһۣԥĬʲôʲôһӪ

˴ѾˣɫİҲˣȴҵ¹ӣ᲻Ǽ¿ͣǺֻţš
мֱҳһࡣ
¹ŭ죺򣡡
еӴ¹Ӹ̧֣ˣҪˣūǸϳȥ˰ɡλӣǸϽ߰ɣҪ

ԷɷɽӲˣԣ׷гޣ޷ȫʩչЩūָ׺ΧȦСӱ
ȥҪԣ
Էɷɴȵҹѣսӱʮ겻ȳ
¹ܣˣ׽סǣǣ

˾ˣҪءĵ⣬֪ܷãһȱܼʱϵǼҪΪ¥ŮˣԷɷɸΪʷһλ¥Ĺ׼ɡ

һ˺ʱòۿҪУһձܿ
ȴٸһѡ
л
ٸɫʶܣм׽ˣܣϽİɣ̶ѹӸϽӰɣ˵ģ
ļ٣ҲӰ¸Ӳſڵ·סܲȥ
Էɷɱߴˣͼ·ūȴơ

ʱ¥ºȻһ¥𶯣صĽŲƴ
¥С˾ŽеãѲˣ
һеĪ¼٣𱵱ɫһ䣬һٱɲƺ
ǳ¹ȴһЦҧҵˣǲӣ

ԭһϲ᲻ǼľȱˣȻ򱻳¹ôһ˵һ׶ûУϾ˼ͣ¿϶ûĿ϶졭
ǶԷľȱǾˡ
ôô죿
ԷɷҲʶԣɸĿ¶һĨңеҪҶһëҸ粻ģ
ԷɷҲҸҲ㣡
ʣңҸҲ㣡
͸Ҫھͺˣ͸

ʱͷŲ⣬ǸѲžףܽڣʮгУʺΧ֮ƣԴ
ſߣء
һֱǽ˰Χˣһأ׽
ɫɷףûԤϵ龹չزҪꡣ

¹һ·Ҳûϵ̣ôˣɻţſͳ֣ˣſһЦӴи磿˭û簡磬ã⼸СӲ֪ߵغ񣬸ǵͷϣǿۡ
ͳ˷ȴҿһֻۣһһá

ſڳӰ뷿С

һ磡
Էɷɣ磡

վ࣬ޣͷһ𣬼ȥˣס
Ժ֮˽ųȻҴҶ
վſڣĿӼϷɿӹϣ΢ɲ˿ƣͣʱٸŵϣüͷһĿʱ









63.     





ʼ˻ع, ̿첽ߵԺ֮ߣڸֳԱվá
ת

вʶūȥˣͳԳ, ˴ڵأȵ, Ĺ˭
ǳ¹һۣ, Ź, һʱδ, ͳ쾹ҶԼ˶֣㲻ˣͳ, Ǻ⣡ǺͿˣϵ˭ˣ
ͳ첻˵ҲˣľսһƳ

Ժ֮ºһЦŶԭǳ¸ϼҵĹ, ʧˡ
¹ڿݡǰȥ, ˣû, Ժ֮ȴǼ, û뵽, ǡոǼʲôţ
磿
磿ݹˣݼֻһӣǼλﰡ
Ժ֮磿Ժ֮ͷֻһĻ, һĻȳԲ, ôǡ
¹ӵʱɫɷףʼˣĿ𾪵Ʋš

ԷɷɲŭˣҪˣ
¹ӷӦһ亹æᣬᣬ£ݴˣⶼᣡ
ƺ˾̱ڵأͷҪУȴͳʱֹסڣ
˵ѱǲɢ̽÷

Էɷɽеƨᣡһǵˣɷ˵򣬻ҪŪǡ˳𲻱Ǿӣ磬Ū
¹ͷ󺹣ˡĳίʵ֪ݣʧ񣬻빫ˡ
Ÿɶ񡪡ҲǹͿΪˣˡԷɷŭɶ޲ȥٸһޡ
Ժ֮һԷɷһ̶ۣ䣺ݴˣΡ

䳤Խ˵Ǿ䡰һԲֶȻɱ֮ȴ˲
Ժ֮Էɷɣ¹ʵ䡣
үүΪڸϣ֮£Ҳͬһڳй˸ְƣͷΪ¸϶Щһֻ۱һֻۣΨǣκ˶ԣǧҪ£Ҳһܱס
¹ԭȻмֲΪ⣬Ȼ䣬֪үүΣδһĳϼŨ֮ɱ  

¹亹Ⱥ£ݴˣĳͣ
ɤ𣬷·ûûˣ֮£ȥ䣬ڳ֮ˣɱۡ
ˣͳ죬һĪӦǡ
ֻͳ죬˼ˣݽ㡣ҵ͹ع
ͳæǣһ·뿪ͨͼ˳ȥ

̱ڵأͳȵЩͳͳѺߵɫҰ׵ĳ¹ǰǿ¹ӣɣĳȥ
Ǹ֮ǳ֮͢ѺͻؼУ˰ţҲ֮ܵ±㲻ܹʵˡ

ᣬʵ˱ɫ㣬ͷֵƷ׷׵һ֣ͷβ˿ִ֮ţ֬Ʈ㣬߱ǣЦǸƺ̵硣ҹĻת䷱ƽ
Ȼʼ˵ͬʱ֮
ȫȫκ֮ˡ

ͣһ
ʼϳ

ɫ棬ֱި֮һںڰУĿתһˣϡ

ި֮ſװʣĿɺתΪޣ̶ȣ˫һУֳһĨĪЦݡ

ݣ
ޣʻɫ㣬̶תƽ
ڣԷɷһ࣬Ժ֮һࡣҪʼץĻʱ̣黶֣ĵĳڷĹž

粻ķΣһ²壬ñбǱ
С䣬ȴŵ£һﲻ
пһ£֪ı֡

֣ôˣԷɷɴž
Ժ֮㻹˼ʡ
˵ҲǴɣ¸պ⸽ڿƮʱԺ֮߳ţһ֮£ʱһԷɷسе裬ˣӰ룬Ǳһ˹

Էɷŷ֪֮ЧСʻ飬Ҫˡ
Ժ֮ü㻹˼˵ֱֵ֣ط
Ժ֮ԷɷɷһĸͬСԷɷΪƣ⼸ԷɷݼߵĽˣõĹϵҲ׽࣬ٲöֳӣһԷɷɡ
ȻԷɷǸܵģôͺˣѵŮӾͲ𣿡
Ժ֮ԼͰˣˡ
ԷɷһըˣʱüæûûУԼģɷûϵɷɷɷɣ첻Ҫ˵ˣ

ƴԷɷʹɫʹģҲһ԰ԷɷɣʾԷɷɲҪٶԡ
ʱڿڣŶԼȥģ

䣬κβȻкȴֱ裬˵ʱһ飬ɫףٿȻ侲ʶǾ˺¡
ƻŮӺùǧС㣬ȥ¥
¥ҲͰˣСĶ
СĶҲͰˣΪСĶԴס¥дܶŹ


ǰΣֻſˣôһعˣԷɷɣҲòƣȷʵеˡ
µǣȻµˣץ˸š
֤ȷ䣬һһ粵ضûС
͸硣
Се
䲻Ӧ
ֳе
䲻
ԷɷɹӲͷƤһһ˵ұҵġСʣʲô֪շſڣսȥġҵĴ㡭ҪǣҪֱҺˣ
䵭֮Դʥ볼þֲĳ๡
һ仰ʱԷɷϢģһרҲҴҸ̫ʵۣѱ
֮£ԷɷɸԸԼĸʣŭҲ¡

ԷɷԼλͶȥͬͰĪһƳ
ˣ죬ʮѸٵľٰ죺ֳҴˣ㲻Ҫ㷣ҰɣôУĴˣ
ϴ֮֮ϿңϣԺ֮һۡ
Ȼ𼱣Ҳзˡ

ʼ״ȫ˵ˡ

һ·ڴӭӵĳˣԺ֮Էɷ³
Ժ֮ȥǰһڽŮĪҪ̫ˣҲŵĹǺˡ
ƳԷɷһۣ˼ȹܺԼҵ¡
Ժ֮ʱ뵽ع֮һ̯£ͷۣҲ֪ίʵ˳²ԣһȭԷɷȥ

ڴǰ۰ͰͿԷɷɡ
ԷɷŻͷǡأԸ֮աˣʮǺúһ
Ժ֮ˡ

ֵ𣬸ʻǵˡ
𣬽ͷ̯ɢ˷׷Ҹϣݾףʼδһۣ˿Ĵ⣬·ѹʲô
Ѱƴ
ʣô죬ô죿
歶֪֪
ʣ͸ֳһִСǱĬ磬Լװη壬ƽﵹãһֱµҪ

һԶִݹſڡ
ĸѵ㡣
븮ڿڣ˵
ŶŶãһ漴Ӧ̴ǰˣҲסضٲˣȴһɣæңһĸ׺úýġǣȻȥˡ

ɵˣ鼱ת歶ٸ
ʣǶˣô죿
Ҳû취㱣أ
ʣҪһ˶°
Բ𡭡
βˡ
Сʣúõİټ֮ȹӷɿ롣
ʣ

ޱͬ񣬴ͷԷɡˡǹ¶ġ𡭡
һ޷ӱܣֱĵĿ־ɡ
Ȼʷ֣Щ־ûа취ֱ档

δ






64.     

ݹڵ, ůƵĵƹ԰жʯ·Ӱ涣ǰ, ںСŬĽŲ
µ˸ں, 㲻ҳ
һǰλӵıӰһС˸, С˻, Ų, ӲСɿߡ

͸磬һ㡣
С
䲻Ӧδͣ
ʼӿŲ, 飬ס˼ҪνӦԣǰֻӴſڵԺ·ʮֳȴȻ̣˼, ѵˡ

С԰ڵƻͨ, ְ𣬸λ, , Ҫǰ, ȴһ֣, ෢ɫԣһҶ, ˵һࡣ
侶ֱ
ǻſڡ
޲õͷߵȴҡӲġ

Ų죬ŤͷһֻˮŰּҴҹɽ٣ƽкŵļСˣԺ˶ˣϳ벻

ת˲䣬ѵǰ
ּ´ʣʳˣҲˣ⼸ĺã̫̬˿һ˫۾񣬶ʣǸոū˵ﾹȥֵطˣá㡭ģ
ˮȫʡ
࣬ļ޵ݡ
·ҪЩ˱ضģק½ǣŲ̧ͷ֡ˣʵ̫ 
൱Ĭˡ

˻һһĴȣҵﰥҵĹﰥôֱֱ֣ȥԺк棬ֻμˣ
װ¥ܣ
ҵĹﰥŮ𣿣
֣̫ 
ϷڣҲҪôˡ
ūͶϷ˽ѵѵ
ô˵ţ۽Ѹɨһۣȥʡ

վţɪһ£ȴδ㡣֣˵ȴ糤㣬ҪѵҲֻŵķݶοȷʵ˻
־򣬴ʸ첲ϣžž£ȴҲ
ˮ˻æȥֱȴ·ǳֻǲͣҪٴſ˱ģò֡

ˣ
ڳ
δ˷ֻ̣Լ⿪ۣжӣϣڣĿ⵭ɨһ۰ֿ֣һʵĸ첲
Ÿ첲ͷվš

˵ūʵԹӡˣܲסˣֻйܹܹˡǧҪҪū빫һ٣Ҳңƽ߻ˣԽԽ޷졭Ӵɣʹ򣬺ݺݵĴ򡭡
ֲΡΡģԽ˵Խüģ˵֪ˡʹˣȥЪŰɡһᴦ
úúáǰס˵һúýѵһ١
ˮͰֻزԺС԰һƬž

̧͵͵һۣ֣ŭ
Щ꣬ʵżҲֻüһЩͷ֪ʱǰɫĸоͷһء
Խ涯ŭ¡
ʺȻֲ֪ôĸо

ʼͶҽˮͶȥĿ⣬ˮŵ̽ӻδԷɣҪȳԷūҲȴȥϴϴ
䵥ֽ⿪ۣ䣬˵ϴʲôǺܺÿ
һͣˮٶԣͷĸͣһܵŭ⡣
˵
ק䣬ӲͷƤ߽ȥߵ̫ʮԶĵطͣ£ֱ󣬲ʮָʣС

俴ʣĿһʱȴδ˵
ֻǶˣӰͶڵϣһһ̣ĬԶԣгɽѹȸС
Ҵˣ͸磬ܲգ̲סڡ˷оȷʵԡ

ȴǲʱˮˮҪǰʼϴһϴȴȷǶղԺ˭ֵ
ˮһ⻰ɫһ䣬˵֣̹¡ͳܲԺͷ˰²ѲΡ˵Ǳ֧Ȼȴֱӻ˲Ժûųȥʣ£ס

ϳȥȶʮ˵ʮ塣
ʲôδ˵ֱӷָһ̵·صʸտʼͷʱһ̣ޱ飬Ͽᡣ
ǵĴʼǵ£Ҫ㷣Ұɡ
ֵСѱԺУˮ̹һ࣬΢΢һԺžȴ

ʼĲУʵĻȴ·Ŀ䣬ټʮȣ
ʣҪ
Ȼģ
Ĵˣ
оɪΨľȻڡϵĳһ½һ£ȴ˲ҽУšɫҰףͷðֻŲĿ䡣

ȻʣȻ̧ȥ
һɲִ˺һҪʲôҪԶ𣿴˿̵ޱ飬ֱֱһɷκʱģܵҪ¡ָоҪɱˡ
ÿ˶еߵģĵ¥
ҪɱԼǴӣֻϳȥ

΢΢ۼһԽԽеҲڴﵽٽ㣬¥еľţץ𺳿־壬һ·ϵĻ֣̿¿˱޼ƿʩӭŭ̼䱬޷ס
ۡ
վǰֵһ˲䣬̲ס۵һ޳
ҴˣĴˣҲˣ͸磬㲻Ҫ̫ˣҺú£ء

ʱۣž΢΢ȻԤеĳͷȴδ֡
ȻסϤ΢ȵĴС
һ
վǰ޳ָ󴦣Ŀѩ֮ϣ΢ơ
Ķˣ





65.     

Ķˣ

еĳͷ, ȴһͷԵ⡣ͣסޣղصỹµ̧ͷ, ɵ۳ɻ
˭ʲô
ȴ˵, ˮǰšë, ͷ, һԲʵ
ëů, ָ޳ѩ׵ļϣָа, дʹУȺܴ󣬷·޲ýһƤ⳹ײ
΢ɪһ¡

ʹ⣬˺ܴԼ
кܶûˡ
ڹɫ㿴ʵһ̣һ·, еŭһֱڲ
ﲻϸԼ, ̫Hĵط£ʽǱɽһǲ׺һ, 㲻ʲôѾ, Ҳ޾ϸƿһһ, ҪʲôԼԸ
¥Ȼʲôõط, Щڰ㲻ʲôȥļʱҲδܵʲô˺
ܵС, ֪Ҫٿˡ
Ȼһ뵽ֵӣŭ޷ƽϢ籩еĺ棬ŭһһķӿ

˻
ʳʹֻȻӴ̧ۿ䣬üͷ΢·
ʹʾǴҪƤˡ
ع䵭š
ô˵ţȴ

ϹᣬҲŪǺ⣬ֻӵҡԼɣ㡭ˡ
һ仰ȴȼ̰
㾿֪֪ʲôط

ɪɪֲҲ𣺡֪ġֻһʱѡ
ʲôƯǿӣ
ΪݵĵطæǱֻ뿴͹ģ֪ô£ͽˡǡûеġ
˵ʺȻ飬ʱǰʣʲôҲûǳ˳һ˵˵ûұĵطˡʱҲΪ˾ңץס֡
佫ë֣üͷ΢΢šš
Ŷǻлл
ʣǸ˼
δʱϵ

Ҳʮֺ£ǳ¹ӵļƣưոݡֻǻݣճµŲ˵ȴҲƱس˲ٿ
û֮ˣΣտô죿ֵ
ЩãȻֻȥ棬ʲôΣգ
俴֪ȫһ֪и
⼸ˣŻʸ߹һǸӵܣԷɷ޾ӣظ˲һǧ£ǵУΪֻ׷ߡ
Ѳɻǿǣʡ
ǵ֮̾أֶΣǿ
һ±ӣµ硭

ĽɿԥԸʵǣԶЩH֪ܲԶ֪Ȼ¿ʲô֪ҲδǼ¡
磬ȲˮˮУӵ㶫ˡĸԸ¡

һ룬ҲνǺö
պȾûУʵ
ûûСæ֡Ƶ˲٣һº оζý㶼ûкȣٸƣܾҲûȰ

ӦòɣǡŶͦõġʲе૵
Ľһֲ©ˣкһǱΣС֮ĶȾ֮ˡûס|ɫǰǣ𣿡
ʣ
ôһ˵ʾƺﲻԣԼͦġ

æǲǡ˵ǶԵģֻǡһ֪ŶѡǱɫԻ󡭡ͦÿģû͸ÿ
˵ʲô
Ȼ滰
һ٣ޱлл
ʾ䲻ûòƸˣҲ֪ô죬˳Żͷ޻һʵͦģǸٸǰҲǸӸ
ٸ򵥵

꣬ĿȻδ˵ֻʡ
ʱķëˣƬ̺󣬺֪ѵԶǼٵģɡ
ŵŲ񰡣ٸ˵ʱҪˡ
Ҫ˵ˡ٣һ㶼֡
̲ԡ

üģһָڷȥ޳ӰдһĨꡣ
֪ԼԼе㲻ԡ
ĵ㲻ԡʱҲԣǸԿصˣôʱﻹ޷ƽϢƽ㷳꣬ңȴǱʶƾܾȥϸԭ

ҪǣôͷʡҪسͽһӴ˳ԣٷ
ףʡ
ﻹᣬȥģëʪȥоʼղδԾ£֪ջʲôĳͷ
ͷӵڼ
Ҳǽֵˡ
ǸӣǲԶô

ʲվţĿͰ͵ȥ
͸磬ҪҪɡȻӲͶ̥ɡ

ͣ˲ӣʣüͷ΢ƺ˼
ʡ
ʵͷۣë
Ȼ
ԺٲҪȥֵطˡ
ʶȴôһ䣬̧ͷۣɫڳԴɫȴһĨǳǳΡ
֣ʵ£ס
ұ֤ԾԣԶԶȥˣ
ﻹȥһ㹻֮Ӱ

·Ҳеƣڣɫз£ͷһ飬κ©
Ҳ֪±ضҪиٲûҪ˶Կڹ±㽫Խɫкеͳͳ˸ɾ
侲ţɫĪ⡣

ϸ룬û£ʵ
ҡҡͷһһ¡
˵
Ϸ죬ǶȻ뵽ģ˵ҲˣֻڰңǸˡǸᡭ󼸸ֱּӬšüһ̹׵Ǵ|ͼҲСĿġ
䶨ʡ
ʣҾͿһҳģһҳĳʵڴôһ룬Ժ֣ʵĶɲǺˡ
ʺһȻһ̾ڲסˣһüϣ


ҹɫˮʷˮ˵໥Ż˲ԺԺ˶˴βѣͰ԰æǴˮҩԺǱȴ˺üŮСæ˰ٺãַϴһڣҹ˾ڶЪ

ҹƬ̺󣬴˯
ڴϣԲŵһƬ¹⣬ǺЦ
۾
ůĴз·ڡʱֻź²ˣ˲ܣʱź֪Ӳģ߳

ֲرůͬһŵ䣬Ȼʮָྻָ޳۾ʱЩ΢Уȴ̲޷˵ᡣ
ȻУҲ·ֱִζĸо˵
ʾԼħˣȴʵĸܡ

ʴǰų泤ˣȴֲкãЩ·ʧȥˡȻգȴһܡʣӰӰ´µģ
ԭǼõ¡

ʱڲԺСδȴԷҽ㣬ﶼȥԺҲ٣ȥ˼١
歶ǱҲһ˼٣ó벽ܳԼ԰ﻹǿԴģ歶˼գ䲻ʱʡ

歶ʴϢ
һϰ¥빴ԺΣ˺üĹɫҲȻУ
ڸѧʿ¹֮»£У˾ٱʥŭȥְѺС
㽫ųⱲҲˡ˹٣֪ˣҲΪɡ歶
˹¥֮£ȴس֪⣬ͷй¶Ͼ¹棬˸Ҵ

歶ջȥ˲ҪƤҿ˺ݾƴšԺվ˰ҹֱվսսڶֱһ죬¡
ڹԷɷɣعʥʹһ٣鷿˰ҹдǧֻڹ飬񻹱ڹڣճд𾭡

ôһ㷣ᰡ歶ôһ㣬Ȼʳ۱⣬Ȼʲô¶ûУûҲûѵҸǸֽϻ
ӣԼ⼸վеĶ歶ִ˸ӣŶűˣԸĸ״һˡ

֪ɷɻᱻصʲôʱ򣬰Ϊףɣӷ𡣡
˫ֺʮҲΪԷɷһ˶ԪˣʱڲǹԹԴŰɡ

ܳȥ棬ֲն飬ֻڼЩ
£ϵ£ϺζҰˣϺݣʽʳֱʤҲԲ
Щʲδ⿵գ歶һûôʱ仨ڳΨʱһչ֡
棬·һ츳ֻΪ⣬ĺãս
歶Էɷɵ˳ԹĶ󣬶޲ڣûʱ䷹ԡ

ã֧˰С峿ˮӽСϺģúըϺСʳ
СϺϴɾ˵Һۣ¹ըɽɫۣİۣĿպȸ֨һڣۣ޲ָ

ըЩȵһֻСװһ𣬶ѵðһ⣬ƵԺк£ձ̺˱ɹ̫߳ʳ
괺ůĻ磬ѳʻŽ֮ƣ£Ӱأʤա

ԸԳϺ۵
ʱɹĻģ޲ڵϴ

ҪҪоһ𣿡ôõ̫ɹɹʵڿϧҲûݾˡݾ߹ݡ֣йѧѧʣ߹黭ĸ˲ʱаţ߹Ҫ˷ʦԼļ֮𣬸ѧҵȥԺ
ݾ߹ݺ󣬱㲻ȥԺˣżֻѧѧʱһء

æءһЦ㲻֪ôҪ˵ˡ
һ˵ף
ͷĸ˵ģףĸ׻꿪ʼ࿴ˡɲܣҲûʱܣڷŮء
ô𣿡̲סȡ
һָͷǼĹ֮󣬱ֵ
ʣ
Сʣʲô𣿡
һ紵ʵĶѹȹڣеҺãȻ
ҡ
ʸ˵һֻ֣Ų죬ԺűƿԷɷɼܽеĻţʣ
ˣСʣҶҪȢ㡣





66.     

֮, Էɷֻһ磬ި֮

Ϣ̫ͻȻ, һʱӦ歶Ҳһ𾪡
㿪Цɣӣ˳歶
׶ģԷɷɵ
Էɷɽü, Ҫһձȥһʵ, ׼ˣ, ȴײʵި֮˵̸

, 磬ڡԷɷɵԸ˵Ϊ, Ȣ
п⿩⣬
歶Ȼأ㸸ô˵
û˷ˣұˡԷɷɵ
歶
歶ֹؼʱ, ܣ
Էɷɶ㰡, ץˣż, ϽСһ͵͵, øϽȥС, Ҷ˿ɼ޲ãɲܴӦ
歶ʻصҲܼޣϽȥ, ̽ʱͨ
úúáˡ
ԷɷץըСϺַɿˡ

޺, ŵȴѵȻ޴档歶ӣֳԵĻһ̿֡
歶ӷͻȻ˽¼
ҡͷЩި֮ͳΣһαϻ磬಻ͷкѣ̸
ݼУ֪ΪݼˣΪκȻȢ
һʱ𣬻ı

歶ģ»û׼أϲһͬ⣬ҸҲͬ⡣ȵȷɷϢɣš
˶û˳Զ˼Էɷզզȴûֻ֪歶ڲݵţԷɷɵϢ
Ȼҵȣ
ǱסˣϢ̫

Ժȥ̫ɹһź
歶һԲϿοȻȴʮֲ԰顣

ި֮Ժ֮δȢޣԺ֮ңި֮ȴвʮλʵŮȻϣﷱ٣涼ĻʵۣȴΪݡݼݣި֮ҲӲԼϲãϲģ۵ģĿŵҪռΪС˸ʮλﻹ֪ж١

ʵҪԼһССŮʵۻᲵԼ
ިֻ֮һʱ˵ˣıʲ̫ãȻҲ֪ܶһǣУò򵥣ɿء
䣬ֹ

չбȸ鳲Էɷɵʼδ歶Ҫʼȣʴ򷢻ȥ
²ţȻȥɣ͸ǡ
ԶԣҸ硣ٹ㡣
š
歶˼£Ǵ£
΢紵ɫͭϦ﷢ö졣ͭµĺۼ໻紵ģ԰߲
֪Ǻüˡ
ͭΣʵĸһϰ¡

͸ô

ϤĽŲůϼӰ֣ͬǹһ߽һӰ㼱ȥ
Сˣܶ¶ԼˣȻʱ̣Ψп·ܰġ

͸磬
ţˡ

ϰֳ̧һǺÿʱ̡ʾǣ죬ȴЦˡ
ЦʲôƳԺߡ
࣬ҡͷûʲô
ֻǺȻ֣ܶ£֪ѳΪϰߣͶ䣬ôȻ⣬·ǴԶ

ã˸Ҫڣɫȴһ
ϲŭΣ߶꣬Ļܴһһ
ʱƽüͷȴ΢šţȻ鲻
Ϊķ

źϴ澻֣ǰͬһԷ
ʰڣټʳʡ䣬ζͬģ
Ϊʲôǣ£йԼ£ǣȻ̬ȽصĵزΪβԼ˵û˵ıҪѳɶ֣֪οڣ
߰ţ룬˳ԷǶ

ôˣ
ܿʵ쳣̧ۿ
ҲҪ޶ӣţһʣѿڶ
һ٣⣬֪
ɷ˵ġԲ˷ɷɣаԳԷɷɵǸ˼ֻŪ࣬׷ʵ˵𣿡
ȴúõĹƫƫһ졣
ʣ

ƵᣬȴΪ
ճ󣬻ʵλӣλ󳼣ڹ¡бг¸ϡ֮񽻴ᣬڻ˵ǳ¼ܣùײϹȻǿӲ׷ֱʣΪţ˽𣬵ˮ©ơ뾡취㱣סһСպ볯Ϊ롣

֪ĺ¸ި֮ӪƽвͣȴͻȻײ
У¸ԣ䵹£һƵᣬǧһ¸ϱȥ˦ϡ
ԡ
˽֪¹棬˸ᣬ׷׸ˣֻި֮Ժ֮伸ˡ
ʵۿų¸ϱӰŨü΢塣
ި֮лҳ㣺վзгЧ佻ڳޣӢ
Ժ֮ƹ񲿣΢΢һЦޡ
ֻި֮ҪĨΪ¸Ͽѣδި֮һתƽ밢һĹС㣿
Ժ֮һ㶣䣬Ŀ΢΢һ

ި֮Цݣһװ澪ޡ
䲻
ި֮վһƳ˷ӦֱתʵۣʣʵС㣬Сδ䣬ȢС㡭
ɣ
ɣ
ȴԺ֮ͬʱʵüͷˣĿ¶ɻ
Ժֹ֮˵ùȥި֮ȥȴƽȣ²ɫʡ

Ժ֮·⣬üһЦ̧֣ʾ˵
ɫ糣죬ڵ˳Ѵ֪ԾҸϣݸ֮ˡϲ֮Լδ֮±㻹顣
ϲӵԼȻҶ˽⡣³ϲӣУ˫⣬ȻɸԻ䡣Լδ֮ǰϲӦΪأ뿪䡣
Ȼ²ɷȷ涨ںܴԣпܷ

ި֮һЦ֪ݸ꣬ҲײҲùˡģĪ᲻ã
ި֮ԴȤĿǵѲ⼸곯Ϧദ֮䡭
ôһ˵ʵ£䣺ŶϡеӡŮĹɣԶɽ񣬴Լòĸסôһ룬ƺݼҺüˣΪֹŮйʲôϸҹʮֺ档

ˮŵȥȫ⣬ʱ߱ʱߡڻ䣬£ΪӦʹﱾ˷ǡ
ި֮¶ΪȻҪ˵ȴٿȻһתûǴ˳Ӧڴ°ǣƽ
ʵۻ⣬ʱɫá
ި֮æ·ѲǾȥδǡ
ͷԭˣɡ
㵽ΪֹٶԣʵüĿި֮һۣо֮ⲻԶ
ި֮һͷ亹ʵϣӶȴܹ̻Ϊ̻֮ظΪ񻰡ͣٶԡ
һҹʵҲ·ˣδ𣬴±㲻֮

칬伲УҴߣ·ŻȥϦϣճ޳ӰҲüϡ
Ժ֮࣬γ¸ܴػЩӦС֮ģϲ̨档
ŵ뷨棬עСͷϡ
һĬ

Ժ֮ȴһЦ룬СȷʵҲˣδ㣿ûȥ𣿡
Զɽǲڳв˸ְƽӹܣ˺ԵĴڡ佫ʴǳߺͼţԶɽ༸γ̸䲻䲻ȵ˻ȥ
Щʴδأͻˡ
ԶɽҲʶȤҲ㲻˵ֻŮݸȻһзġ

Ժ֮Ȼ䣬ҪСʼ޸Ұɡ
һɲƳԺ֮Ժ֮漴ͣ£һףôˡ𣿱֣ҿˣ㿴ҸвҲǰ飬Сʱʶպ󶨻úôҼ޵ҸУҲݸ߶ʵһá
˵ʲôȴסˣһǰԺ֮롣
Ժ֮ȴϣҲ䣿˵ʲôô˵֮䣬˵޷ 
õһ֣
Ժ֮Цþûҡ䣬ΪΣ
ĿǰһԲ

˵㻹ǲԤ𣿡Ժ֮·𲻼ĲͣأԵ缸Ͼǡ꣬ᣬа˳ɰգɲ֮ǰǰСġ
²ͣʱδĪɵ̫ˡ
Ժ֮Ҷ̶̼꣬ʮֻǲϣһֱ¼ҹˡҲö㲻𡣡
ӿ첽бһۡ

Ժ֮ٺЦ᲻ðʣΪΣ縸᲻Ůǰ㣬Ǹ᲻ǰ㣿ֻǰ㣿
ĻЦﶼŴ֮⣬òץԵ٩Ķ㲻׷Ź
䱡ӷе޿̣ ݼ֮£·ġģ໨ϣ⹦һ񡣡
ֻǺ㣬СһˡջһաôȥĶ

ڰԺ֮˹⣬ظ
һ·ɫĪֱ꣬صС԰ĨϤӰͬһ˵ǰϤʺ򣬿ϤЦգһ˲䣬϶Ȼɲ١
ڡ

չ֮£δʡЩ֮£֪
˭֪ȴԷɷɸǰͱˡ  
㻹ǽĲ

ѿڶҲҪ޶ӡ  ڽ֮ɫ
䱾Ҳ֪Ը⣬׶һ䣬ȴǲͬܡȴδЦϸֳԺ֮
Сһˡ

俴ʣ
޶ӣ޸˭






67.     

, ޸˭
ʵ
ʱʵһ㶣ʲô˼ѵѳɶ֣յĳ, ʱ
ûûͬ⡣, Ȱ
һ
һͣ٣˵, Ը޸, ޸ʲôˡ, չҪ˵ġ

ѷ꣬û˳Է˼һ紵, ҡҷҡڲĹ䣬Ŀԣӳű˴˵ݡ
ǲǰ歶Ҳʹ⡣
޸˭޸ʲôˡ
ʱ飬Ͼ, ʱ, ֪˼
ֻǰһ֮һ𰸡Զɽ, ￴, ̫, £ʺ, ֮

ޡҲҪˡ
˵
䲻
ԼҲֻ֪ǶĻŮˣҪ˵, Ĳޣ˵ҲֻǽΪѶѡ
ǿЦЦңһ 
ӳ⣬ССĻǰ㣬ܲģȴɹ⻪תĿˡ˫Ƭ̣ƿĿ⡣
ţ˵ģҼޡȳԷɡ
ȫȴԾһ룬֮û˵⡣±ҹˡ

Էɷջȥšֱպ󣬷³֡
˴ù֪ĸɱģ˸͵£󸸻ʾֱܳ˼գʱʱ͵⼸ճ𾭳ֶˡ
Էɷ֣ҧгݣ͵䱻˷֣ÿ죬˲δȷС԰Ƭ̹㷵عУܱ֣Ҳ˭ҪƤ
ͬİԷɷ

ԷɷҲһȷȢ֮ȷʵ۲ءͻȻҲʮѸ١
˽Ե龪һȻһ磬ڲΪ֪ĺ棬Ĺһ

˴Ԫˣ£ҲҵܣնԺСֻҪһ𣬱˵ĻҲ¿棬ĸֺóԵģӵҲѹ
Էɷÿ飬ʱϻɴޣȫﵱһңڻʹʱ䶼Ҫࡣ
һδٽҪѧˣȴȥԺ
߹ѧȫڸ˼ϣҲһһϦ֮£ÿϲóһ߹޷˱㶼ؼңѧϰÿµ߹бһأֱҵ

ݾŮ죬ڼ죬żʼ˴ϰա
ʼ˶黭رϲãԷɷɣòװѧ̶鱾һֶٿ歶Ͱѧ꣬ҵ㣬޾뷨黹Ҫģɻķϡ
ÿϣ˻Ƕһ飬飬

Сʣʲô
֮ʣõĴۣʱڣٻʢţïʢܳԵĶʵ̫ˡ
£ÿ˿ζ죬Ҳȡڸ˭ԡԷɷڹȻʳȻһ˳ԷٶʼȣҲˡһԷֲ赭ȴζ
οļѣŷҿṇ̀żæ֣һܡ
歶һ̬˳һԣٶٳԵĲŮӣսԲ

βϣൽβͷżũɽʱЩʡ
ۻƵп⣬ӵҶһһʱζںϵһ𣬳Ⱥһ룬¡

ϺǳԵʱ歶ϺԷɷԼʱһһݡ

㣡ǽпڸˡ
죬ˣԺ֮ͷ˵
׻˵粻ɣҿСʲôóԵġ
Ժ֮һ۽󣬺¡
Էɷɷ˸ۣʲôɣǷ㣬䷹

Ժ֮ԳԺжֻ࣬·ţҲߡʱͲһȥģ˽ʵڲӣûмӲ˵Щ硰䣬Ҫʵ۰ɣҸˡȥģˣʾͲܸʹ컰𡱡ҵ˻ʵۣҾ͡ȵȾ׵ۡ
ʳʱŵİֲˣ֪վзִ磬ǰǵǫ͵ĻӡΪ飬ʱԺ֮һͨӵܣҲһλڼҸ㡣

Ժ֮ݸ䷹಻һˡ
Цʣû𣿡
ûءԺ֮ڸ£ˣţȥ¥Ÿɴ߳Եˡãˡ

ŽһӣгټӼˣп͡
˵űкͷ˽
æֻſڳˣȴĻ֮Ĳᡣ
ţֲˡ֮Ц
ʮ־ϲæãþûˡ
Էɷʮָˣһ㣬һлɩ׷кȥ

Ļ֮ż߲㣬ĸţʮƽƽעλԵҲȨֻĵ͵ɢү

һżȻʼᣬԷɷɽʶԸ󷽣ʮͶԵһʣ֮ˣݸ
֮֬Ժ֮䣬δʼˣһͬˡ

Ǻ˵ķ֮ʳ
ϺСơ
Ժ֮ԸϲСãԺ֮һûʱ䣬˼ɣ㣬£ѵ֮֮Ҫһ
ˮһæµԸϽӲˣһӣ꣬Сơ
ʽϺȳһ־Сֲˣ˸⣬߲ƴ̣һ±Ѽһڣ¾ơ

ݸǱּ˼̲ȣһʱҲʢ
ԺǰݹΪڲɹ⣬ԺзŻšʱˮ˽ȫʱһ

ֵ磬ǵ£ԺĲãżвУͷ紵УǰʳڰԶĿҰƾ棬ֻĿ˵Ȼġ

ʾ⣬Ժ֮֮һߣʼҲ
ټϰǣá
Ժ֮̾
ижڹУζԲ˵ԼԾǣ𣬴Ķǣʱʱ̿̽УΪӪ
С԰ⷽԺΪֻ֮ǲԺ˵ʹȻ·ԡУûĻΨпÿÿ߽߽һԴһķɵС硣
ԺǣҲϲһ֮±áʸЦ绨üƲȾ䳾˫Ŀǣ֮ʹǡ
ѹ³㼱Żؼҡ

ȷҲʮϲ
֮ͷͬ
΢΢һЦλ롣
Ժ֮֮ǻӣݸվˣкһͬٿ˱
ǱҲк˶ꡣ

˱߳Աģڡע⵽ûôϺϲҪǷԵùߣȴǱ֮С˶˹һֻ룬ͷǰõϺ⡣
Ӵ֡
ԷɷϳҲҪ԰õϺ
֮ЦɩӲϺ
ԷɷɣҲᡭ
֮֡Ҫԣɩһԣٰ
΢죬Էɷǰ԰ɡתͷ֮ˣҲˡ
֮ģ
е㲻˼֮ȴʮ̹Ȼܻ̻Լһϰ߶ļΪϺ

֮תתȥ
˵£֪һ  

ֻ֮ߵĹŮ빬𣬱һֱ֮ԡ֮ĸţڹпνȨƣǻ֪֮Щ갵ĳЩࡣȹЩʱ⡣  
ˣ֮ʵۣһһҹȢᣬΪ  
ΪԷɷ㲻ܣҲںġĸ練ҲԵˡ  
Էɷ۸ڶȴ֮Ϊأ˽ɩԵ˵顣  

ʴǰЩʱֻ¼ѻп塣ЩԵͷЩ£˲һĸܡ

֮ƫݣòԺ֮ȣ㲻Ӣнż಻ò㣬е֮ˣ׿ݣ˿ǧǧͨ졣ȻһºȻһƽ⣬һʱ֪㣬Ҹ֮УȴԵøⲻͬ
ѳɻü꣬еŮ㡣Ӧ꣬˵ŻҲ᲻ʱһԷ۽ʱŶԷ
ʹöüˣ˿Ľͬۡ

ĵĵ˺ۡԺ֮̾ҲǢȴδĶ
֮һЦи˵Ե֡ʮһʶأᷢ꣬ꡣһû׻

ʮһ䣬һʮһݸһμ䣬龰㡣
һαҲˡ

÷ɡԷɷɴҪὲ˵¡
ɬȴЦ뼸ŮСʱδʲô˼ֻǳϦദ֪ģ㶼ˡҪ˵ʱ˼治
Ŷ---
Ц˵ĸ֮ý֮ԣ֮£ãõġ
֮͵ˡ
Ŷ---ҵ۾ʹ
Էɷ壬˶Ц

ҲЦȴеĲɡ
ӵ±ȥˣȴĵһͶӰ
Ҫ˵ġ
˵Ҫ뿪ġ
һֱ֪ЩȴԵĶ񳤴Ҫԡ
ȻԸٻأ밲ִ󣬱밲ֻرȥͯļ磬ĸ֮꣬˻أƫһ磬ȶա
Ȼͷȴսѵ
ҪϰʲôԺ£Ѿ󣬲Сʱǰ㣬ˣˣԳϲӵݼš

ҪǣҲվȢ޳ɼҡ
ڣһգһᡣ
뵽㣬лңֻδйĲ
Ȣ˭Ȣʲôˣ


ʿ֮ˣֳϦദˮɵİ۵ġ
ԼҪߣ᲻ҲᣬֻСദ꣬ҲиġҲڴ˰ɡ˵ǾˣԼĺãһڶ飬һʹȻգСðա

֮˷·ʴһţź׷ѰǸģĴ.


鲻Խ俴ȥ
ֻƱĿ֮ϲȥһ˼Уתۿȥʶӡ
ٿȻһһɿת

ףСʣôˣ
Ц
ȤأʲôѲ㡭
շ̣æֻϺУϽ԰ɳ԰ɱ˵

һ
Ӵ䣬Ȼô
Ժ֮һЦĪǼĵĵٳʯҲڶ˷ġ
һƶסԺ֮졣

Ժֺ֮ǺǺ꣬üͷһֻ۾֮תһЦ
Ժ֮Ŀ⣬ԻһЦ

콥ܽУʢ١
һ죬һʮָʮĵ¡

ݷ˻ˣһ





68.     

˭Ҳû뵽, ݷһȥݱꡣֻϷʱʱݷԼҲǣ, Ǹȴˣǰ, һαȥ
˵棬ټĹ, ĸ겻ڼҡҲû취, Ӻǰս, 󳼶ǲ⣬˷ָءЩƽȣǲĳǷؾ
Ȼ߽Ծɲ, 佫ݹĸ˷ֱפض磬и

ݷھʱݹÿһΣݷȥݺݹмְһ, δǴλȥҴ, ֻһ棬δ˵ϡ
, ݷ˵ǳ
жʮֹ, ʱʻ̫дʱ, Ϊʺ򣬺Ϲѧ, Լױд
㴫飬δϡ
⼸δݷ, ȴԾһ

ʶݷʼĸ顣
ݷ͵ЦݣůĹУϰᵽĵһĨů

ݷ˻գգ̿ϴݸվſӭ
㣬ݷӦպܴﵽδȴǰ仹ڹУǲȥ֪ͨ

ǰȥӭӵĳ˳ӻݷˡ
ſݷ˴ӳ
ˣ
ˣ

˷׷ǰϲصĽš

ҲУڼݷˣδкȴһˣȴһİŮ
ŮԼĪʮ꣬һϮȹ׹ʵĶ뷢ĲҡӳɻԣΣͷŮò֮ˣõⱦһģޣҲˡ
Ůһֵ֣°΢̧վݷֵ࣬Ĵݸˡ

˽⣬עĿŮ
λǡʵ
ݷ˱̫ƼҹˡǾıá
ǰӯӯݷһ·糾ͣԴݣ򵥽ܺ󣬱ȽϢ˵

ݷԺɨֻ˹ݷ˽˷УԹһ裬ȥˣⷽԼܺú˵
ɶôˡݷ˱ɶֹס̾ʱСèһ㡣 
ɶһμλİȴú£ݷ˱ţ̧ͷȻݷ˵°ͣ
˽Ц

ݷҲ˲ѣ༸Ůеǰһ꣺ˡСʣҺúÿ
ǰȻݷˡ
ôƯˡݷҿʵֻ֣᲻÷š˼ϲ֮Ա
Ҳעݷˣʱδݷ˿ۼò缸ǰǰᡣ

ܺúܺáݷ˵ܺá
ĵıʣϾݼˣչˡȴڸίıСһֱ˵ãۼŮͤͤüĿʣɫ󣬷ġ
֮⣬ݷ˻ԸܵݸƱĲһǰݸģȴֵġݷ˲Ž̶ʱ̣ȴ״ӶԼԸоָı䡣
·һɨǰ壬ȡ֮˼̻

ݷ˴ĸŮһһݣ˴˹ĦһСĵĽպá
˵Ǻʱ˸ãҲδ˵歶ͻȻ£ʳɻ
⼸Ҳ֪ݼҼΪԵʣ˶֧ϵھǵĸ޼ųĹϵԵ͵
Ȼðãɽ˺档

ֻݷ˽͵̫֮ŮĸݼԶסĸһڽϷΣǡƼ˳˳ĸңĸġ
˻ԭûٳ֮ʣĸȻôи֪ǡ
ר𣿡歶ʵ
ݷͷ˵˵
ʲô˼歶⡣
ȴ˶һۣٿݷˣ·ʲôһЦ

ʼЩͷԣ࿴һʱ²͸⡣
歶üĦ飬ԹűöŹ֣ҿ˶߲ơ
˳˵ʲôء˼ԶǿͣպҪǡ
歶࣬æȻĸĸĿˣȻúúǡ

˵䣬˼ϴ˼·ˣʽݸ˼档
ݷһһܣ˱ǰֱˣһ·۳Ͷ٣ȴƣ̬ͦıֱׯ֮·ãǾǹŮҲ
λ㣬˵λ㣬һʵ
Цݾȵ
ݾ΢Цò˼䡣
ֿɶɰŮϴݴļ˽Ե̫

λʡݷָʣܵ
ѺһЦ
ЦԼ࣬β΢΢´һۣǱλϲӣ
Ȼ֪ϲ֮¡һ룬Ҳ֣Զ֮Ϸ˴붼֪˼ȻϷңضҲ֪һЩ֮ǰҲ

˵Ҳλˡˡ
˸ݷ˵ˣǿ飬ͷʾȴƵķԼıȷŶݼҼλʱ䵭١
ջ˵Ӧһ˶ʵ̬ȣɫһ䣬Ҫ˵æһ

ʳ歶ͶȥһƳʾ£»
û̫׸߲ȵ͵ˣ˵һֻû뵽λƹμ澹ͱֵԣһϤˣѩⷽ浹֮ͬ
ʻеɻǣ̬з·𻹴ŵ⡣
Ӻζȷ˳

ڲú

ʱ֣ϦѪһҴҹֱݷԺС˹пͣԺһһԸ
̸Цڡ

ݷˣһ·ࡣ
ݷϸӣԽԽοδָˣθͦΣȴǰǰȴݣӢȡֱ㡣
ݷοǣе㵣ĵĳϢͬݸķΧһȻı䣬üĿ֮

Ÿˣǻλˡ
ݷ˶˶٣ܵλƹˣǰ䡣
ǰһ˶硣
շ죬һ˫۾Ȼˮһ䣬æͷ̲סһۣһʤߵģǽεεģĲ񻰡
Ȼ΢һ
ʲѩƹȣֻҲѷһ

ƺ̧üݷ˱ֳһ˵ݣԼݼҵĹϵ
Ҳδ˵ʲô˵ͷǴк
ӣԷŮͣԲ˵Իúô͡

ȴվǰָӣӵϷ˶ദպգĪ˶
гһ
˶Լͬ䡣
ȴ˻µһ˲ԽƳʡ
ʡ






69.     

Ҿ˵ԹűöŹ, ߲ƣȻǳֳġ
歶˵⻰ʱеߡ
ƽֳ˶ȥ, ˽´̸˲ȴû˽ϲ

һʱûнӻƯһӵĿС
˵ǻʱ, ΪδҶΪҪͶһƳ

ΪҪǷ⣿
֮ܿƿĿ⣬, ˵ЦŲ˹ȥȻǶ̶һ˲, ǳһ, ȴһʯӶͶ棬಻ɢȥ

˴֮ʮȷˡҲ׶˺һЦĺ, Ǵݷ˵ֻƬѲ³ֻû뵽˻ôֱӵ˵Ϸ˵塣
ʱʱһδϸ룬ʱ歶ôһ˵, ʶ˵ĵζʲô

ĸϱ𣿡歶ῴ
δϷ, ݸ꣬šӡ, λʮ˲, ҸĸƽЩ֮ͬʱɷս, ΪϹᣬɷ, һˣصꡣ
ĸͬǣݸǶϷʮ־, ǧȴ꺮ůԾʱλϳ

Ϸ˵뾩һΪ壬ϣԶ뵱ʱҵĳ÷ꡣԭ֮⣬ʵһزΪ֪Եʡ
ĸϣֳȢޣ歶ֳȴпĸֳĿģȴܽܣԱ۲Ĳһ֮ǰ˵һղȢޣһղء˱һֳ˭뼸ȥֳĸ㼱ˡ

歶죺ĸˣҲʲô˶ֳɡ
˴ЩˡĶ£Ϸ˼ʹδ裬һǳȢ޳ɼҡκεԣԲԼֱӻһ
Ϸ˵ͼʵײ

ɣƷԣһֳ歶أԲ
Էɷɻδˣ෢ֳֻۣ覣𣿰ֳϲúƢԣֻⱲҪɩ
歶üͷһ壬ҪԷɷɣȻһתЦ˭˵ģаɩѡˡ
˵ЦųŬŬ졣
ҿȥСҰɩ벻Եˡ

ֻ歶һ˵ˣԼǰ歶Ȼͷ󣬱ʱʱóȤһѼֲ֣ľֻһЦ̸
Ȼȴ١

㣬㲻ҪҿЦʸ΢΢ȣˣĻᡣ
ʲôѵ𣿡歶⼸ֳߵ˻ᣬ֪֪סߵһ˳²⼸Ҳ㿴ˣֳ֮룬Լȴǲġպ󶨻ܺá
ʼֱ֪νӿڡ
һԷɷȴҲ޳Сֳ
歶뿴Էɷɡ

ԷɷɵֳǸģԼŮ˺ôûġСྴҪĸɩǰȴܡȻͨ޼ྴȻСֵøõġ
Ϊ⣬벻￴ֵԷɷȴ˼
歶ҲⷬסˣƬ̺šüôֳ֪
Էɷ˫һ̯˼Լ뿴

вɸֳ׺䣬峿ãȥϳ£ֽӹҺãº;ʱʱԸڷȻǰ˵յ¡ҹŨأٿ飬ɢɢϴϨƣ˯
Ҳûʲô𡭡
áҲͦġ

歶ԺһĻ
ԼֳϳǰͣͷҲص뿪һΪΪΰӰһæһգ仹ɹ֣üͷ
ǰű˵˵
ﲻȥд顣
ʣ

䣺£Ŀȥʹܼһĸס
ʣ
䣺±Ъ˰ɣصҡ
䣺˯ţȥó𾭡
ʣ
ʹһԷ绨սϡ

歶ɴ˸ƺҲСôȹһȴʵЩ
歶ԺеĻһ£һʱ޷Էɷɣ˻˵ĸõģСʡ
˭䣬ٿȻת˭ʡʶеЦˡ

ãȻԼҽµһá
Էɷ°Ϳ˼ʺϵĹӵȻ֪٣ȻתһȦĩˣȴòϣۺȷûбֳõġ
ǾУ൱ģȴܡĲпɵģѧȴ衣ǿ˫ȫģòȴֲ࡭ ⾩ǵһӵͷȻ˵Ტۡ
歶ʮֵ⡣

ȴԷɷɵ²ǵ񰡣ҪáΨãӡĸɩǰ㡣
歶һתʣСʣ㲻ϲҸ𣿡
ʣ
歶Էɷֻ۾ʣȻһһɲǣͷԾȻһƬհס
ϲ𡭡

ԷɷɺȻӦϽһ歶䣺ⲻף⻰ӦСʣҪʣҲŶԡ
歶ҸӦá
̫еĵȥһֱ߳ŮҲδǰ㡣ġȻ⼸歶Ҳ٣죬˼ǸΪȫ
ԼֳʺѣȻҪ˵Ů֮飬ȴֺûκ֤żֳСʵ񣬶Сʵ̬ȣòһ㡣Ȼ뵽ֳӣ˼ϲŭѱ棬˭׽뷨
ʲŮ֮飬˵ȴҪˡ

歶ȻʶȷףʹϵٺãҲԵе³çˡ
歶ʣֿԷɷɣ岻
һļֱҪᵽɤۣŵĶ歶Ĵ֪ĳļۡ

ȴԷɷɿڣ⣬Сʣѡ硭أҴסҪСʶ룬ǹҼҵģɶ룬顣
Էɷֱڿ죬Ϊ룬ֱԲ䡣⻰һͨظС
ȷʲôģȡ

歶̾ǸĲϲԸʶȤ뿪
Էɷ̯֣ȴĸģǸóȥֻûôô򷢡
˵ǣϷ˿ⰲţҶ֪Բôܳ벻ɣٶÿͿ
ԷɷɺٺһЦΪֻݸҪŶ
歶ŭߣˣ
Ҹ綨Ʋģġ歶˵Ҳ֪˵Լ˵˭

ʲδĵĳ̶ȣ歶˵䲻ˡҲ֪ģҪȢޣǰġ
ֻеȻ˵ĵһҪȢ޳ɼҵġ

ʲô
պʱһֱ۴䣬Ͽʲô֮··ûκηӦݷԺͻأһۺ֮δͺûһ㡣
ûʲôæ
ֻͨҪץסӶ룬̧ͣ꣬ۿʣ˼ԣл˵
ֻõæ
šôˣ
ʵ⼸㶼ûȥݷ밲

ݸӦ꣬ݷ뾩ü꣬Щ޷ܿЩʱձ½ЩÿͣżݷҲ
ݸǰֿסݷæմһԹһٷ֮ɻָԸġ

ʱÿҲǸǰһͬС԰ڳԡÿݷ˿ʱȥ밲
ߵ磬ʱݷδ𴲣磬ȥʺһˡݸ̫עЩݷҲæ밲ν
Щʱգ䶼ĺһζδȥݷԺС

ףţæĸ˵ʲôˣ
ҡҡͷݷ˵û˵ʲôƬ̣˵ˣոݷ밲ʱƹˣ㡣

סݷƫԺУճݷһȥ밲ʱٲҪ
˲ʣƢãƣҲǺ޵ߣԲϸ˼ֻڣƽ˶ͷ
룬ȴ˵
ʷ֪ϻسμ֮˾δ䡣

䵭ʲôˡ
ұպæ𣿶Ӱԭת˵Ļʱָβ΢΢ţôһ˿⣬бʡ
δġʲô·𲢲̫⣬ֻʵʵĻشζ̧ʡ

ʱݷҲڣһԺȲ裬ۣδ˵ʱ򵥻صջͦġ
䣺Ȼ󣿡

Ȼ˱ôæʲôʱȥɡסһ𣬿֪ʱأ

üǾ䣺
δģ
ûסһסԺ泯˵ʱ㣬ˡ

ǲеˡº󷽾Ƿֱӣʧˡʱ˵ɫе㲻ÿʱɵҪҪ£˼Ȼ·ʲô˵Щ֡
ûСȴЦЦĺܺá
ŶŶһǣ㡭
㱾˻
аδʳڡ
ȻȴϬڵûʱ䣬㣬š
Ŷ
ʵͷ˿ǲԾʶ·е㲻æѹȥ

»ô
Ҫ˵Լ˵ɡݸĿˣִϷ˵ġּܲ佫ݸҰ㣬ȴ֪Щݣ˲ͣҲΪҰ㣬ûмƽ˵̬ȣԾɾ
ûʱԾɵģȻʶʲôֵţ㲻˵  
˶٣˵ʲôȴ·־ףѵתƬֻ̣ǿˣסüաæʱ䣬һᴦ㲻
ҹķɴŰյůķµˡĿԺеɫ㣬ʡ
ҲҪ롣
˵

Ҫʲô
ʱûж룬ôһ˵ȴͷһ̲סҪˡ
ʵͷʹ֪Ǹʲôζˡ

Ȼûκ뷨һ˼Ҳôղһ棬ҲȻպҲǣ
ȻȴʮִţɽȥպԼˡ






70.  ʮ   ʮ


, ܲȴٳδ£ޱȡ
ݸ԰, ˿УŮһѴ, Ӻȷ硣

ɽ, , ͥԺ˵ұ, һܼ
Ҳ㸻֮أСٻ԰ָۡԼ̫ظ̳ݹһ, ȴֵһᡣ
ĸŴլ˼ʤݸ֪⡣

˵ݣϰ, ҲܱȡһŮе
Ӳܱ, ˫ءһŮǰ˵, ֪Զʤ, 澪޾
üͷ, ԳɫȻֻ˸ȦȻָָԼ⸮ۡ, ˣԺҵģ
ǣպϰһˣֻҪɷˡ
üЦ

Ķ״ĸ, һŮֻǣôãżһ棬ȥ
˵ʱ
Ҳֻ֪һôҪѣ
⻰ȫȵ˵ʹ

Ϊ̫֮ŮݽмɫֻҪԸ⣬΢һ㣬¶Ц׾ϲ˺ĿġϷ˱㱻סġ
ȻһݸȴòƳԲ

ݷ˶̬ȸݺάһֿòķΧڣ˿ΪϷ˵ġʾʾı䡣λҲһڣֻǿͿġ
ǼλݼС㣬С㣬ôֱˡ

ˣҪ񣬻Ǳ硣ֻҪ˱һж⡣
Ȼȴһռһغգδ
н׵˼Ϸ˻ģ˾ϰ棬ʾԶ££˭Ϊ°|Ųʮˡ
ʧܶ飬ɨأ
ᣬӽС֡

Ů˿ŻͦģֻҪлദҲݵڹʯȹ¡
һַǻвмĺһ˼ǻ˵
̫æˣݷ˶ѵüһ档һŮ
һŮ˵⸮ģλϲӡͬסС԰ÿնһء
֪ǳϲкͣòȻǱȲǹ
ͣͷŮ򣺡˵˵

⻰ֱֲĿڡϲˣ֮ǰѴȴδϣǡӡδתز
ȻˣȴȻ
û뵽ʾǰòľΣҪִȻԾγѾŬװ޷ġ
һˣߣܽ˷ġ
ȻһסС԰ƾʲô
˵ײһˣǰԼܲţԼˣ˾͸ʶȤóλá

ŮףǲС԰𣿡
ԭź֪ߵС԰
˿ӳͥԺȻһԽԽúãüЦ
ãߣȥ

һ˿磬ɫǰԺڸߴ֦ҶïŨ쾮ˮѭתˮһ⣬׽ڱ̺Ҷ׷Ϸ
̫ȣԺֵأһƬסССԺʫԴ

ŵǿţϹɫ˵Ůǰȥߵţˮȵƹ

ʱڷ
ģθǷѣʳ󿪡ʱ㳣һЩ࣬ˬˣŵţϻá

Ԥ̶ҶۣʳΪʲ档óźƬŪ㣬ʳлأ̼֮
ʲϲãصʽձ

˵ܼ򵥣ᳵ·Ƚ˷죬ˮȻƬ֭Ⱥ֭ϡ
ѡ԰Ե߲ˣƹϣľ«ݫģѿӵ˿죬ˮãʱϳõϣһƵᶹǣȣһɫʷḻʳķʢƳɣˬɿڣֱտθʢƷ

һ룬żкõĲ˿ƽСż̵Ĳ˷
˺ȻϮʶδʰ

߽УԴʱи
ݹ䴦µ͵ȴأȻҲ˷ѣԴöȽΪݵݻȻССԺУֹһԼаУȻҲϵƷĳЩ˷֮ﻹҪϡ

һĨɫĿڰϣֿϵΧƲƲ죬ôҲǧС㣬Ȼѧĳ
üǿͣԭҪȥ֣⻰ͣ
˺ȻΪΣʲô϶߲ơ
ʿڣ񣺡ʳס裬ҵΪṩ֮˵ڴӺ𾴣͢νλƹﲻ֪
üΪȻ
ˮʱһԵƹ֪ǹĲˣ⼸꣬ӵɶǼҹõġ

⻰˵еˡҲмֵ
ǰʳɣҳԵĺ١һԷһһٳԵĺܺã㣬Ҳϸһ㡣ʶĿζָƣʱֻҪ㲻
⼸꣬Զ׼ʵ࣬ǰ

ɫһ䣬Ȼһ˲ķӦȴϡ
ֻһתЦ𣿱ʲôˣҿ𣿡
ʣ
ˣ
еһˣٶ˼룬ǳֱܼһʱ˲Ӧ

ȻҲһ˵𽵹ȥǡ֮£󲢲ڴˣŵˣΪ㣬һ£ɲܾܾ
£¶ѯʵʶ¿²˽ŵĿġ

ֻÿڵԺʮϲҪסܸ𣿡
ôʿȴŲ๣·ֻ֪һ

һʱžǶĿɿڴŸԵĶ䡣
լԺҲͰˣݸͥԺڶ࣬ȴΪƫƫҪ֮ءĿȻңҲһȻίʵܹͬʵЦԷǡ
ˮԤԣȴڰ֡
һ룬ʵݷ𣿡
¶ЩȻ˵ԸԸ⣬ôʲô
ʱˣ¶Լͻ룬ݷ˵ȸ֪Լǰ

δͬ⣬ɫ㲻ÿüѵ㲻֪˭Ϸ͵ģϷ˵ˣҽݸԼһ㡣ôСԺӣƽջҪΪˡߣ˵
ü̧̬߸ϣúɱʶ̧٣˱ûùӳԡ
ˮĲУƹˣ˵߯ǲģ衣Ҫڣȴʾ⣬ֹˡ

ʷûô浾ЦԣƣǷűȽϿ¡
ǰֻеΡ
Ϊ̫ظ֮ŮҲ飬ơǼнݣСųΪΪˣͷҲѸƢԣҪʲôȻҪܲˡ
ƢãΪƣС˽˵ĵȷʵе㲻ȴӲ¶ʼȴţ㲻ǿ벻̡
²ݣκ˽ģΪСԺ˵ĻӦ
Դ΢΢Ц⣬˵ҲԸ⡣

ʲô˲ԼĶ䡣
ĵɫ˵ܸ
ˣ
Ǽ⣺ҵ˼ǣܸԺҲó
㣡ŭ






71.  һ   һ


㣡ŭ, û뵽ʾȻܾɴֱӣΪβԸ⣿Ѳʲôɸ˵ͷǳϲ, Ȱ㲻Ҫ롣㲻ܳŮ벻Ϸ֮, ĪҪȡ裬㡭

δ˵, ͷ||һŮ, ˡ
˭ҷͣ

һ, Էɷһֱһޣ߽
ڽԷɷվǰ, ʵ
Ҫһˮȴ񣬿кʹ
Щƽ类Էɷ, ȴվ, ̹Ȼˡ

˶ʱɴ˫ۡΪ̫صŮϷϲ, , ΪΪ, Ҳݵˡ
ȻȴĹʱȫ

ɫһ, æλŮڵء
Ů˼𰲡
ԷɷɾӸ, ֻסԺӣ
˲˵
ԷɷɵԺݷ˺԰ŸСʵģҪȥǣôСʣ̫أǵСʺ۸
ȫû˸ոյƣûУҿЦġ

ԷɷɵȷЦ㣬ݷ˺ͬ⣬ҲΪΣϲԺӣնҪһ֮ĪҲϲԺҪ̤Ժûùӳԡ
˰ˣҪʲô˵ʲôֱԲ䣬ȴ˸Ű裬ֱԲģſƵв֮ԭ·˻ȥȴŭԣһ仰˵

ȥݷ˸״ֻȥҸʸ״ҵš
æֵ˵Цˡ
ǱȥɣҪСˡԷɷɻ˻ӱӡ
ǡŮˡ
˷ָ߸ʢ˵̬ȫˣ֪ݼҼλʹϵû뵽ʱȻи
Ⱥ򣬱ŮţǱȥ

һ˽ŲԶȥԷɷѻƽǸɫˮЦĹūȥ衣ո˼顣
Էɷɴһ˵˵⹫֮ˡ
Էɷɽ󣬱δ˵һ֡òڣ̬ҲȷתԷɷɸһμʲôŮ
Էɷɵʶض񣬿𡪡ʲô𣿡
ʵͷϵ£ֻҪʶĳ
Էɷ°ͣ״룬ָǰɡҪУţҲҪһ㡣
ϣ

ЦתȥԷɷɵơ
Ǽ֮˵лл񳳼ܺҲô˵ԲһЦոպ
ұǹ𡣡Էɷɵ㣬ԸˣЧķǡ԰ưԡѹѹҲš
Էɷɵ˼ϣ׸ϲˣԽˣȨǿģԽϥǿɺֿԷɷȫ޷ϻֱѹ̶Ƭڣ֮ЧĽˡ
δԷɷŵˣְһѧԷɷûҲЭûµġ

Щ㲻ҪȥԷɷɺŲ裬ʵû⣬ӰʲôóĽã˭ң
Էɷɶһ٣ŵ桭ˣҲںЩϷҲصġ
ʣ
ʷӦ󲻽һ죬ʲôݣϷ˵ģû뵽ȥ䡭ô˵ءȴҲԷɷڿοӰ졣
ʵһֱԼȤȤЩŮм̫룬ϸšûô࣬Էɷάůůġ

ˣ԰ɡ
Էɷһ˵ټӵ
ʵҪǼˣ˶
ðɡԷɷֻգ̲ססգһ¼ǵñԼ
ʱһ㡣
ǹңôôԷɷһʣһԼ֮£ʵָʵ̫ˡ
ʹ𡭡ˡ
ٺ٣£ԺһӶ㡣Էɷɸɴ˫Űȥ
κֵ˫ڿץץԷɷɣأա
Ұܡ

ºЦѹŲҲδԣԭˡ䣡
¶˵ȴȥ״ԷǲĹ˵ֻԼѡ
Ҿ˵ԹűöŹ֡˲СﰡǹͣͣٲС԰ˡ
Ҳ˾á

Ȼʵ֤Ƕ͹˱õļ¸ҡ

һգٽԷɷҪ뿪С԰ںȻһӣۡ
˶죬˭С԰£

ȥܿ죬ԺһС
СһΡ
ƹˡ
ȴ˵Ľƻ֮Էɷ׼̤ԺԺ㲻Υ档Сһ棬ѸٴӴиԭƶľ˵á

ƹ˵صӡС˵Ҫȹӻֻݡ
˱ϾǿͣҲ⣬ҵҪȥȣСֻ÷ţСźšڷƬֻ̣סȥ԰תһ˵Ҫȥ鷿￴
鷿ݸصأԲڡ˵˵˰죬˾ǲҪȥ


ֻȥ飬ֲʲôξͲܽˣǵ۾Ǳıãݼˣ𣿣˵
²ڣͷСҲʮǿӲſڣ˵ʲôǲÿǵ˴ŭ

£λ¶治˲ͨʵΪ鷿ΪҪ֮أСǵƹʵ̫ǿˡ
СַȻ
뵱סʱҲͷǷ¶ߣԶһʼδ̤鷿Ҳδǿÿؼǣ˭ͿΪѣƺôδС԰ԺԺκһ˴
ƹĶĶأʮ㣬ƶˡ
ݼĸֻݸ¶ûӹá

ԷɷɵϽ˵ɫ
ȥԷɷɵ
˵ĦȭƣҪ歶ȴһתסԷɷɣС˵ƹҪȥǱȥɡ
Сŵɲңӻν
歶ֳȻнȴǽұ£ģ֤¡

歶Էɷɶһۣ˴һ¶ÿҪɻʱϤĬЦݡ
Ҫʲô˰ġ
ҵŰɣкϷ

ԸԳ鷿ŭתΪ󣬿Щ㻹ʣɫʲôҪصأԺĸã
鷿鼮ۣʵ뿴飬ǽڰˣַȱȱСſСľʾĶţŬŬ죬ģò׽׳ȥ 

ֻһһСңңԣԶˣһ̧۱ԿԷƲƲ죬ߵСǰһš
ڷȥƱؽһҪȵ硣

첻ˣûãͷ㴫Ųվͦ硣
££ͦͦ|ţϲӭȥ

ԺУӰأһ˳Ժ
歶磬зɷɲȥˣǺһԣڸ¡
ɫۣǰͷʼں棬˵˵ЦЦġ歶˵ûоܾĵͷԷɷɣҲǵһһԷ

ſڣȻͣ½Ų鷿ķ򣬷˲סδã鷿֮ʱ鷿ȴǵƻͨ
˭¸Ͻʡ
ƹС˵ͷʵ

ǡڴʱӰ鷿ſڣңңһ磡
ŮԵȣˮ






72.  ߶   ߶

һ, ̧鷿ȥ
ʺȻһԷɷ歶ȴЦ⣬һ°ȻϷı, ʣȥ

վ鷿ǰ, ۿǰͷ, м, Էɷ, 㲻ٹǣӯӯ˫Ŀϡ
磬
һ˱ͦ, ٵĿȴ֮Ȩ̬֮һӵܱȣֻշ, ɫ, ΪܵίһҲӦõġ
, ˶á, Ҫ˵, ȴڴ
ȻȴǶ˵

˭˽ģ
ʵ
ʱվ鷿⣬һ, 鷿űߡеġˡԶ
һʹأˡ
鷿صأ, ֪أʵ
ͷСæ֪
ޱ飬Ǳ֪ʷʧְʧˡ
Цݽסɵˡ
磬˶
ȴ·δδһ㣬ֻˣϳȥ
ʹǶʱȻڵأġ
żҪ歶ȴȵֳ飬¶ɲܹǡЦƹݸͣҪʲô
˲͵ͷ־÷·ﲻ̫ԡ

ü۵ʹʣɸ֪ƹأ
ͷСæعӣС֪ƹ￴֮ԸʮУСʵڡʵڲס
С԰ˣǸ˾ٹ顣䲻õˣƣ⣬ԼסŸҪ»ػ
̧ⷽ˿ȥ
˵ʵ
¼һƣ磬ճӢףϿƽ޲ȻǻĿⶼʮֱ䣬һѷźذף鲻Խ˺һ
磬ҡ
ǿ֪˴أ䵭
˲Ҳϣ˵˵ˡ
Ŷƹûףעˡ
ǣңңĿ֮£һƬհףҼһ顣
䣺ʲô飿
ˣ־
ԷɷɲЦ
ȴɫ糣˳һۣ̽ȥű־ʾ£ݵ˸ǰ
ƹҪ顣¹
ҧӹֱ֡
Ҫʲôޱһ䡣
ﻹҪæҡͷûûˡ
£ƹȥ
¾űߣһ̧֣ƹ롣

ȫȫɵˣû뵽侹ҪȥȲͣҲིͬ磬ҡ
ȴδٿתĿѲһȦӽ鷿ߣɴ򣬿ɱ۷һɨԷɷɣ˭
ԷɷʶȤҡҿûô֪ػȥǹҲ˻š
ˣ

ֻһиеĲһԤԼǰж̶ʺ򣬽̸ݽ٣Ҳ˵ллΣǰɭȻľ档
³çȴҲ̫Ȼ˵
ǰһЩţ飬ĺɲȣδ£ֻܾǴţֻ˼£ŮˣϵŮˣϲһ档ҲԼϷ˵Ŀˣ׼Ҳ档
Ȼһ̣ȴʶٷġ
ֻвŻˣһγ˿־ζ̼侹ðһ亹

ⲻ֪ⷿвһ˽šʿһĻȻ𵱳ʱڻгѣȱʱ龰
ʱвȻ¶ɱϣ侲Ȼһ档ȥ˵ǰ΢͸âȴͬһϹűسʣ佣ɱΡ
ؼɫƣһ䣬ôվǶһ񣬱ȫͷųǿѹȸУ˴
ˣԷɷɵȿֵļˣסĪš

˵󣬷һƬž
žУٴι룺ƹ롣

˱亹ɫף˵ǰԷɷɴܵĴ̼С˿̱Ĵ
СݹˣҪʲôʲôʱܹ衣
Ŀ֮£˿ż鷿߳һΣһ̤鷿ˡ˺Ȼʵˣеʱ
ŭʡ
Ϊξܽ
ָʣʵ歶ΪݸˣԲ˵ԷɷǹҲ˵ء˺ôݸݣȴǸˡ

û뵽ȻԼϣ֮࣬ʮ˵Ѱˡ
ȻôһʣʲҲ֮⣬ǺʱڵģƺȻͿˣȻһֱȥ磬ˣ鷿ʵС԰һƬء
歶ݾصʾ䡣ԷɷΪֹδڹȻҪ鷿֮ĶȤȣѹ

Ϊο
˷ŭ֮ʡ

ͨòӦƢԣý֪ͣΪΣȴȻеš
䣬ƮƮӹһۣת˲ƿ
һ
侹شˣ

ﲻһ׷ʵ
һ£Ī˵ʣԷɷ歶ɶ⡣˷ܵĽ˸
³çҲ³çĺô˾֪ηƣʳһ˲ʲʵ⡣
һԷɷ歶˵˼ЩЦáʲôʱˣ֡ȻȴƵļӿ졣

ҹɫˮմأ¹£ԶżС԰˹ȴϷ̨һϷĻ
üͷ΢šһָ޳ָʶսɿս

ұҲҪף磬˵ﲻһˡڲ˶˶ˡ
歶˵˵
Էɷɣ˵˵˵˵
ĿᵽɤֽۣĪӡȻʱԣ˱ֻһڣ˵ʲôᵼ¾ÿ

һ
һ˵УԼͬռλãʵĿϣ˿̣Ҫ֪𰸵ģѲˡ

ﶼһ

歶
Էɷɣ
ﰡ㵹˵
˼ֱҪץ͸е˵˵֪»طֽʲô𣿣ڣ˵˵ڶСǮܽǰĻϷȴǿ󣬰ѵһ

˵ʧ˿
ҲܵĻشҪ˵ȴþģԸٶ˵һ䣬£Ϳͣ

ˡ
Էɷ歶ֻԳԷĽڹֶѣֿ꣬㲻Ըװ׷׵񲻶ˣزԺȥԵϹɡ
˽նڲԺޣʱһȥȥ֮ǰȽڰæںյȷззɶԣķ¼ֻӶˡ

Сʡ
һ뿪֮ʣȻס
ͷűߣվڣĿ
еδȫɢôһӣôһУʱ
ʲô
䷽ʱѱһȡʮֺɡ

ûʣ顣
Ϊʵô鷿֮£ҡҡͷûѽ֮Ѵģʲôġ
⻰һʱû˵
ʱ㿴Ϊл˵˾ôһûˣȥɡ
Ŷˡ
ת뿪

վԭأӰʧǰ¹⣬Ƭ̣úֳһĨԳ





73.     

ٺ, ʶֳ˰ɡ
صԺ歶ڻζ
ΪֳĽڶ࣬ȴɸɾһˡԷɷɵֳ˿ĺ, ĸܵס

ϣɾ, ⷽǾ֮Ϊ歶ǲЩ, Ҳҵġɲ㡣ֳ, зִ, 㿴Щ꣬˵ģ˵񣿡
ҷ, ͵ֳġ歶óۡ˵ųһƳ

Էɷ΢ʼ硣
޳歶뷨Ȼ˱һ󣬱ƺ˵歶ȥȴԽԽãҪ, ޸˭, ⣬ȥ, Ҳʵġ
ʮֵθۡ
ɳֱ̬, Ҳǰǰ㷴, Ͻ֮ٻ, ôһŮò֮⡰𡱾, д۲졣㣬˳Ȼɡ
֮һ֣׽

ŶлĲɣ˼ڷ뿪Ժʱסһ̡лҪ˵ȴֹ
ôһ룬龰Ѳǵһˡ֪Ӻʱ֮·Щʲôٲǰǰ㳩ԣ뵽ʲô˵ʲô.ȴֲԶĸңһ΢ģ·˵ֲ˵˵֪˵
ո˵ʲôأ
˵Ǹ⣺кβһ˵ֻһ˵ûκ˼
ʲ֪Լ֣ߵĿԸһ㡣
Ҫ룬ʸԼ飬̰ݹ࣬Բȡ

գݷʡ
ʵ⡣֮¶̫󣬸ϻ࣬Լ˵Ҳ˹ȥʱֻʹ죬ºǿͣݷҪֻһ棬Ҳ
ò޹أȴǧ˿Ƶϵе֪ݷ˻

Ȼ⡣
ݷԺУȴδˣݷһЦ⣺
¡
Ҫ
ֱͦĵҪ
ݷȴЦʲôЩһ㣬ûúÿء

ݷסʵ֣Цʡ
˳ݷţ̧ݷչһЦͷչãտЦݷʱģССŮľĬξ棬
ʱۣȥСŮˣǵʧ¾޵ݣԼ红ͯĴ
Ǵˡݷ˸̾
ЦһЦ¶㲻˼

סݷЦս㣬δңʲô뷨
˶ˣΨ¸֣ЦеĿʡ
ֱӣɱŵֵ
ȷʵŵˣȻסЦȥû뵽ݷ˾˵¡

ݷ˵һֱϣȻҪ졣
һʱ޴룬ҡ⡭歶ǡδ˲ΪҲġ
ݷ˵ӦȡҲ㣬ѡֻʱ죬㽫ޡ

ʴʱ֪ԭݾĸ׻̽ʱʶһ꣬һֱ㴫飬ϵ꽥ƣȴ̫Ը⣬Ůϰϰټ޻ض˵ȫİأҪЩ࣬Դá
ĸ׸ִ֡
ݷ֪ĸŮ̸һ˿ڡ

歶ȻҲҪ࿴ĸڣһʱšݷ΢΢һ٣ʵߣҲļˡ
֣ݷ˾֪ʮ֧֡ҵĳϲӣݸݸšôõĹ̣

ݷ˻˱ӣҪһݷ˿ĻؾˡĴΪˣˣڽͻأݸѹٿʣʵĻϣģ˵ᰲġʱһгɶ֣Ϊʱ
ȥԽҲΪ
ݹ˵ף˭Ҳһ׮٣ҳϲӣҲ֡

ţмǸж㯣Ļš
ϳĸ⣬ݷΪˡһĸ׵¡жȻ
Ҳζţ޷ܾ
ӱܺͽҵء

ǰ˵˱ҪرݡݸҲЩϵײϰˣС¶ܹյݷ˵㡪뷨б䣿
ȷ밲Ĵ㣬أκξһн䡣
ûܾã⣬д𰸡
ϰ
ϰʱӡȻͬůãϲĶ

˵꣬óݷ˿Գʵĸˡ
ǱáݷȻ±ô˵ˡ±㽻ңݸɡ
Ļҹܲţ̫ţԼȥɡҿɵúúó￴￴

ݷ˺ԼҶӣԼˡϷ˵³ɲˣнϷ˲аҪԡ
ⷬڣ÷޿ˣôǿֱ͡¡

뵽˴ݷ˲΢̾
Ҫ˵ϲǰŮϲСԾ£ȴֲųʼһͶůĶںڰܱб棬ȴâ档
ˣʹ֮ã֮崺硣
ʲô£ȻȴһѵõʣЩһӲӵУЩ˳Ȼʧ

ݸ뿿ȹϵǿʵһݷ˲㣬ɷһһģȨգб¡ֻϣҸӡ
ģٺò
ݷʱһٶʣʶӴǴ˼⼸ȷ˲ͬ˹ϵ׺
ȻѣȴòδŮ֮顣
곯Ϧദδ飬˶ȷˡ
ϹǼ꣡

ſǲٵġΣպݹţ䲻˵ʹƽƣҲƲݷҪƷԡСʣ뷨
ݷֺǺǵҲûˣغߣ㾡ɷĸ˵
ǿЦЦҸǹߣһʱʧ㣬һֶ˵
ҡ

˵ʲôأ
ݷһƬģΪĴıһڻؾǲʶôģ
λؾ

ҲˣԶߡݾŮݿȻҲֻɵһʱ˻ᵱ档
ﶼȥʱˣֻ֮ˡԷɷɶ׳ȴ㲻ݸһӡ
ң֮ˡ

飬·һëߣ˳ַһҶҡҷں棬֣ѱ淽򣬲֪
ЩóȻڣһڣζʧȥʵӵеһУʵڲԸٵʧȥǡ

ݷڴŴ

պɫѵ磬Щδݷ˴һתݷԺȥ
ݷ²˵Ż
ĸסЦôˣ
ݷЦݣ䣬á½Уξʶ
ף
̫ˣݷ˸˵ò߽Բֻ֪˽ƢΣƷԿɶˣ

һƳݷᣬֻӬͷС֣½Уξ߼ƽ֣Իһҳ񣬶ʱȻ
˹гפְֲأְ̫
ڵΪ
ݷ˴
΢̧üݾ֪֮
ҲǣݷЦŵΪСʡ
Ȳ裬ĶסȻ̧·δ塣
˭
Сʰݷ˵һҲ˵׵ˡϻº˵⼸ؾصģСվҵĹһգᱻߡұСʻ֮ǰΪѰһź£˷Щ

ݷָָһӣ⼸࿴˺üң½УξͦʶٺòɵðæϸԽ꾡Խá䣬û
вյһֱڴߣδ·

֪𣿡²յʡ
˭˵С𣿡
š
Ȼ֪˵£ܲõ֪
һ٣ͬ⣿
ݷЦȻЩ߲˼ġҲޢ껪СŮҹ֪⺦߹麦ߣվڴġ
䲻˵ˡ

С⺢ۣʵǸùҶҪΪѰõķݷ˼½Уξһ£˽ӴӴʵʿ쿼Ʒԡ⣬СµӵܣҲģϾڳУ۹ⶾȻҲҪ̫ޣѡûǲ̫һģҪأעЩ桭䣬㵽û
΢վδ꣬Ǹһĸ˵¡֪ˡ

뿪ݷԺ⣬⣬ƽȻˮ飬  ˡ




74.     

⼸Ʋֵ, ôˣ
ϼգѪ, Ժ֮ӻʹڳǽ߹һ˪, 𻰡
ѺüգƽҲ䵭, ءһͬľս, ˽͵Ժ֮ǲǼҪʲô, ֻǵӪг⡭

Ժ֮ôһ𣬱˴˽ⲻӲƾ޾ɱһ, ಻Ե޹ʷƢ̫ټҲԺ֮ʮͷۡ
ϸ˼Լ©ϵе󣬷ųѯʡ

Ժ֮ҲóһۣӦ˽¡ǹ, ϲ¡
˵СҪ˵ˣԺ֮Ȼһ䡣
˫һ, ԾδͣϢȴƺ䡣
¶ˣԺ֮һЦ, ˿
ϻ˵, , һ䣬Сʵ⣿Ժ֮ǳֱ, ȦӣѣǾͿϲú̸̸տʵܵĻš

δ, ˼ȴΣΣ
Ժ֮أ̸͵ûйΪֳԾ歶һΪѰ÷һӡ
أ˵Ȼֱģ̹ļ
üͷ΢΢šţҪ˵Ժֵ֮ٸ˵δ֮ģ㿼ǵȫû⣬Ȳ˵ѽƣǹܴɡ˵һգѵڣӵйһգ

δüĿйɹǡ
ҵֳֻж顣
˵
ݸ˶һϲǣȴϲҪһЩҲֳһֱĸܡ

ʹԺ֮
ʱ̬ȣ·𲢲ȷĿŮͣĻشǲǳ̹ʵûвκ
аŮ֮飬˿⣿
а˼Ӧ˵֮£

ȴԺ֮ѵ㲻飿ֳͲٵֳôˣııܼô·أ
Ժ֮һҡҡͷǹƽģ֮ˡ

δıĵ٩ֻ˼·
Ժ֮Ҳ֪վԼͨҲôΪΪ֮ˣµ㵽ֹϣ²ˣɱȴʧȥ˲źڡ

һֱδ˵ĬȻһΣԺ֮Ȼһ¡
ռ˽ڴ̽Сʵ£֪δģı֪һ⡣
΢šüĿף֪ˡ

ʱԶȻк
Ϧ£һȺһֵУϷɡǾһĻᰲţˤӵˤӣԱȻš

ɨһۣδͣ
Ժ֮һ½УξӮˣСӣҲʧȣúһ׼ɿá䣬Ĳˣ
ͣ½Ų۳Упȥ

ʱ෢Ժ֮䣬׷ͣ£ԶԶ
Ժ֮ڰ֣⡣
ˣԺֽ֮ΪͣǱ˽е£ݴˣҪһѣ
Ժ֮νն飬ҪܾȴһԲ˹ȥ
Ц̶ÿء

վȺ룬һֻ˸Χ֮֮ԶʸȻѱһ
˭Ӯˣʵ
½Уξ˸ָһУʮġ
Ȼʮ֧룬ǰϺĴĲ϶
üԺ֮޵
л佱½УξͣŨüۣһЦȻҲΪ⡣
䵭ɨһ̶ۣͷ蹭һá
⾹Ҫһˣ˴⣬˵Ϲ

ݼΪѫҵս佫ݹǵ󽫣פر߽սȻɱУȻ֮鳯Ĺ٣˸࿴Ȩı֮ţս֮Ӣ˽
ϽվܵһĪ

Ĺٿ䳤ۣԲ㣬ȴ⣬ʱ˫Է֣˫չһ紵ԣϼԽɫճϾݣһ̣ϵĹϢȻ޴棬ȡ֮ģһַ·ǧ佫֮磬Ʊˡ
ڳ˲ԾȻϼƻУѻȸ
ۣ֡
ݣ
ƿնǰֱĿ֮ǰѱ½Уξ֮㸲ǣȻֻ͵һļƿԣֱӽһ֧һΪɱһѪ·ġ
ʸβأԾҲ֮

Ƭ̺Ук
ֱۣأƵá½Уξ½Уξᣬ˵ã֪ˣмɽΡ
ƽƽˮ½Уξ͹ְ˺üףֻǰԣҪлһ̧ȴĿ̶絶ͻһݡ
ǡǡлˡ㡣
俴һδ˵ʲôת뿪

Ժ֮Զ½УξһѶͷ˺
½Уξݴˣ
ûа
½Уξһͷˮ
ǰ㿴㣿
Ҳ֪ 
㻹ǺúɣҪݴˣɾҪСĆ
½Уξüʵ벻񣬿գȥһ㡣

½Уξͬյģϻһˡ
ʡ
ʸоԼˣˣȴȫ֪⼸Եĸо䲻ô
˵ʲôǵġ
գͬˡǰҲδйżʵæȣóŻ֪ȴһ
ʵľãٶеļΣԵɣһΣȴеͷԣ֪ΪҲ·ǰһ

ʲôأ
ʿŲ䣬̲ס²뷨
֪ݷڰ˵Ҳ֪Ҳ֪ʷֲԼϣ֪ǲ֪֪ζǰ޾ϸĹˣȻ֪ȴδʹȴָܡ
ʲôأ
Щӣ·˼
濼ǻ𣿱Ͼ£Ȣ䲻ϲϾϷ˵˼

ʲô
ʻعšü
ʳŷ֪񣬿ڰա
ûʲôæҡͷͷ
ǲˣȴɿ
ûаɡ
ͷúóԷ  
šʿ䣬֪ΪΣҲһ㣬ҲúóԷ
ס
ӪĶԻ֮˺ȻԣĬĬԷ

ƽգʶ̲סʾôˣ뷽跨ģԼǧͷϰµģʵû˼ֺȻеί䲻ˣǰκβģܻǧټƿΪɢ
ɹػǹػȴ̫ǳˣԵֳЩʱĵĶ尾ԶԶ
˵ί

ôˣƲֵģ
ԷɷҲˣʡ
֪е㷳еơʵ
ʲôȰĪϧ£Ȱϧȡʱ廨ǧãƣͬųԷɷһͨסʼͷĪ˷Ѵʱ⣬ߣȥ棡
Ц˼գȥɢɢҲá
˼ƥʱֽ歶һ𣬾ȥ
ţûôˡ

ȻʵĺڲȻļʱȻ޴档





75.     

ôԷɷɲ, ֳô£
԰ֳôҲڣ歶ɻ
˱˴˿, ʡ
ʵĺ鵴Ȼ޴棬֧, û뵽ײ, Լ䡣

ݹ˽͢, Ӻɷ, ݹǿᰮ콨˽ݹȡһսݣƥ, ԶͻسʥϴãݸƥʣµķԼ󳼡
мƥСԣɰޱ, ʺŮˡ
ʼ˴˴ǰ, ΪСԡ
ݸ˽, һŲܽ롣

ʱվ, , Ц˵ʲô΢΢ͷ, ǰһƥɫСԡ
һģ
ǰղ䵭ȴôƯСԡ
̿ϴ, ̲ǶˣԶԶȥɲŮòһˡ
ʺͷ̫̫ۣյ۾ɬ

ʱ·оʲôͻȻתͷʣ䵭ɫһ䣬ת˹
˻˵һ룬˲ˡæ׷ȥ磬ȥﰡȵҡףô֡ôˣ
ѹ֮࣬ʱȻ˵Ļôǡ
ôԷɷø 㣬ôˡ

㡭ôˣҲʡ
ͬһ仰Ƭ̼䣬Σζ졣ʽĿƿ档մխϵӰӳխӢĻţҲҡ
Ӱĺܽһһߡ
档
ôôˣеѹеͲ뿴䣬Խ·Խܡ
ղæ𣿡վôһ䡣
һֱʣȴʼտŵ棬رߣü۾㲻̤ʵҪ˵Ժ֮
ףôˣ

Ժ֮һǺתǣһƥߴ
µСôпճԷɷɿڵ
Ժ֮˰տУǡˣƹǣˡԺ֮һЦζȻ
ǲһԣ̧һ䣬ȴʼտüͷ΢΢šţ֮ĿһײѸת

ߣô࣬ˡԷɷʮֲӡ
ټܵģＷˡԺ֮ԸСǣùѡ
Ƭ̣õõ죬ƥɼūǣţǰ
ۣ
鲻õʣ౻СĿ⡣ƥС䲻ǰߴʵȴݣʮ㣬ݷǷ
ԭƥȵѡ˰ɫʣһһأһ죬һףһ
ҪġԷɷһ㰮֡
歶ѡ˽ɫԭףһƥ־Ȼζ䣬ȴǣ˵Сǰƥ˳
ʶ˶٣ӹ

պһôˣæˡ೤СźţԼӾˣйͻӣʧ°Ϊɫūǣ̵ֱ뱣Դ

УΨԷɷԣ歶ȥոѧᣬǿܹԦСʺˡ
歶δе裬ūҲ˳
Էɷɵʮһ۽ǣ䷭

Ӵ
û뵽ǣ˾Ҳһ˫һʣ˲֣Էɷɲ¡
ԷɷĴˣ˵ü
Էɷü
á˲ڵ⣬Ŀȥ
ȴעǱߣע۲ūǷ׼λ

ӡԷɷ°ͣ˵£ǵģԱԣ
˻δԺ֮ҵģȥģʲôСδȫѱƳɣú
ԷɷֻգݼҵĿˣһذˡ

ūǣʼ˵ڲܵվԣóĳء
Ժ֮ŸԵĸͷܵ

õõãСǾӣԼѽΪϤǰУͷʱతһ¡
ԭʼһ˵ĻһˣֱͬžķĹ
ŪԷɷ۽𣬳歶գۣʾ⡣
歶üʾû취Ե޹ʵģֱܲӸ߰ɣֳǱ߿ء
Ǿ˦Էɷգۡ
ԷɷƢ޲ֱӽߣȻԺ֮ڣ½ѵֻ˶Σ˦
Էɷٳ׸۲̻⣬˸Ĭһ߶мһ˱㲢ǰںͷ

˿ǰˣһ
ôǣĶĶǣǷˣÿμǣûк¡ȫȻ鷳

ôС԰ܴ֮ãݷվе㲻̣˵棬ôǿͣһĲ˵Ժܲܿˡ
˵һȻڣ
ѵ⣿ϻ⣬һݷĴϣ֪ջԲŽԼҲ׳־ʱҸȼΣһᡣһҪס
ݷ˴ϣ⣬Ҫա
ǰ֮вͨ辶
ͦͦ|ţ˲֮տ֮ӢˡնҪбһˬӢˣҲҪԷɷɵ˿۽磬ٲС
ʣ󣬱·ֻҲҪѵ

ĵĺܡ繫˵Ǽһ
΢ѹԷɷɵ
Էɷɻͷһۣδ˵
ЦѲùǲң
Էɷɶʱŭ˵˭ң
ֱף֪˺«ʲôҩҪԷɷɱмȴ˺ЦǴӦˣˣǱɣԸķ䣡
˵ϣ߶ƥӽʼޣѸײڶ֮ƳԷɷϣžž£歶Ρǳʹʱǰ񱼡

û뵽˾Ȼ֣һ¼ֱҪԷɷɶ⧲пɣκСǻδѱȫҰд棬ʶˣȻ򣬱㷢ۣ֮˦¡
ԷɷɶƲסοһ歶
˾סͼ

˴¶Цݡ
Էɷɴŭ֮ޣݺݳȥʵڵ͹˴Ӻ԰ԵԼ޷֮׼ЦݻδȥɲǱɾ֡
һóϣ˻Уǰ㣬⧲


춯ոշ֮ʱʱɫ䣬̴۹Ժ֮ӦͼʩԮ֡
Ȼ̫죬תۼѱɡ
ڳ˴ʧɫ
죡סǣ
Сģ


ȹ
Сģ
ӣ
һʱֽк˷Ųѡ






76.     

˽ʵʵˤڲݵ, ūѹ˲СС񱼣ҶԷɷɽ׷ᡣ
歶ܾ, ǰͷͬûͷûԵϹܡ
ūǷֱ׷೤Ƿ׷³, ߽б׷
ʱһƬҡ

歶Уͣ£ͣ£ң
ɫףαߵĲ˦, в, ܱ߾Ｑӹ, ֻһͷˣǧҪˤԴСʱˤԴľ, һΣҪɵˡ
Զּդ׮ȻΪѵãȻСȴ֪ηֱֱȥ
ˣ
ʱ۾, еһ, ղס׹䡣
ʯ֮, һһ۵, һýӰڿն, нס, ڻУ͵طȦͣ
ȥ歶
Ժ֮һӶ

õĽŲӶӹ
ʵͷԼ˶仳, ʷŶ޴Ŀ־֮Уҵ֮ǰǼٵĹĵ㣬ֲ˭ġ
û£
ѸٵĲ鿴ʣͷԿհ׵ҡҡͷ
úôű𶯣ϻ
ȥԮԾδΣվص歶Էɷɡ

̧ۼ䣬ֻԺ֮歶ߣһţһӣԾ歶˫˫ƣקһκճɹסƥ
һߣԷɷѿͷƥΪʧأû񱼣Ժֱ֮׷Ҳ׷ϡΨһū׷ôԶû׷ٶ죬ƽͷ
ʱԷɷһȣ䣬ԶԶ뾪೤˫һҪʡȴū˫չȽסԷɷɣ̶һְձסԷɷɣһץסһ˫ŵ滬Уݵ˲ϳۡ
ƥǰ𣬸˻ūͣ
Էɷģūϥأǰڵϡ

ʱ
෿ڣ೤ūǹһأɪɪõλ䤱ΪλΡ
ڶδˣصķˣСѾʣ޵һһѱ飬ȫޡΪʣŤˣ歶Էɷɳ֮⣬޴󰭡

ͼıõ
Ժֱ֮һ˵гСҲ֮ȫ𣬺úõһ°㲻棬ֱ߳
ʶԣŵĻɢɫҰס
տݼϣݲ׷»أ̫ȥաԺ֮յҲΪȻվǿϷϣ˽ִƽݸ
Ժ֮˵꣬ˣðۡ£ҲʧְȻҲʵԩԺ֮ͷͽһ˵ǰҪǰλŮ

ʼʵһţԷɷɺһԲĬĬţ㲻ٷȴɽţ΢ףۣȴµء
歶ϹɴĿͣԷɷɣֿԺ֮䣬ȻڵԲ𡣡
˶
歶Ҳ֪ΪΣв˵ŶԲԲ
֪һɵˣȥȴ㣬һֱվԣףԱ㿴歶üͷ΢΢һ壬ҪȥԺ֮ȴʾܺʾУԼ歶߹ȥ

歶кᣬԵԲԲ𡣡
Ժ֮歶Ƭ̣ȻЦˣͷôϲϴˣûˣûˡ
歶ϣͷԺ֮һỮգԺ֮˶٣ָȥֶЦЦ

Զ󣬱뿪
Ժ֮Էɷɻع歶ʻظ
һݸ歶㱻ܼҺִضԺˣʻصС԰ֱͻزԺ

ˮһͨæµֱʱʷֻʵС
Ĵһ飬Щڷҩȥ
ʰ뿿ϣƽһֱδ뿪ĬԹüͷʼյĽء
ʹʹ俪ڵĿûв
ҡͷûС
ﲻһҪ˵ǿ̡šüʶ䣬ȴºĵġ

ʵͷȻע⵽Щ壬ڴһۣżʱ˾ʱڵأæû£û˵ѽ
üͷ΢չ˵£صġ
ʼ˵ѣ

ɴˣ׹ʱһĻĻȻͷʱȫһƬհףֱ˿̣ʱʲô
-ɱһסڻһ̣ǴδйĽӽʱľҵģԼģ
һƬʸܵ˴δйİģ·ֻҪڣ޿¿֮£Ҳܲסһ̣ʽһоĽԼСҪΪĸһЩ

գö޴󰭡
֪ʱˮȫ뿪ˣֻʣˣ䲻˵󣬷б㰲ЩĻš޻һ㿪ڣζл͸硣
˴ˣ
һѵ侹ɱδ˵˽ΪȷɴС˵ıС˵СŮ֮Ҫ溦ҲǲҵġôҲ֪ɱˣֻ»СĶݸ䲻£ȴαضһ׮鷳
ҪҪ𣿡
׵ձȥ
ⷽԼ⣬һЦҲǣᣬվзִġϳˣƸǱƱػ飬ټϷ˵棬ܹҪһ档

俴ʵЦȴ΢΢һüĿ֪չЩ
𣿡齱ߣݸһ衣
ʽӹеĪҡҡͷܿ ҡû
δ⻰ȴĿһȻ񲻸ˣʰΣŶԭû

أмһ֮࣬˴ӳճԷݡΪĪ⣬ʲôأôһʺȻ飬Ȼ׹ˡ
Ǹˣȴɿİġ
ʣҲֻ֪Ǵϡ
ŶĵԺ֮Ѿ˵˰
㲻Ҫˡ
ûûˡ
ͷû˵ʲô

һƬףԡ
ΪҪǷΪҪصؽһʴ˿Ժзȥ⡣Ǹ˼飬̲ס䡣
δ˵Ҳδȥôţʣ·ڳ˼üĿһֺء
ʲôôߣ˵ʲô

Сʡ
Ȼڡ
ʲôȻӿ죬顣
ÿʱʽţֻǶ˴ʲôص¡²ͬʲôҲû֪ΪΣȴӽš
ģӰ涣żŲһеļһ

ҡ
㡭

ͬʱڣͬʱͣ¡
ĿԣɲǼ䣬ͷһŶԷüۣ˴ƺо˶ԷֹԼǱǧ
ȭ
Ҫסؿڵĳ嶯ԼֻôȥĿ

һ˲ʱƺֹ˴˺΢š

ң䱡΢ţٶȿڡ

ʿˮ䣬ֽš
ʱһϤȻ
ҵĹﰥû°ɣĻˤ찡찡ֿ

ʣ
䣺






77.     

粻, ΪƫƫǸʱ

ƽһΣԼһ˿Թ
Ҫ֪, Щֻĳضʱ, ĳضķΧڣ˵, һǸ, ʧȥζζ

հִ, ʺһȫûʶԼƻʲôƽ԰һֱʮֿ, ʵһο԰¶񣬼̶Σҡҡͷ
ʵʱ̲סЦ
ҲһЦ˻, ʱһۡ

հû
һЩ֮, ȴƫƫôһ㡣ôһ㡣
ô粻أ


̾˿
ԷɷҲ̾˿
·Ⱦ歶Ҳ, һ̾

ôˣ, Ц
歶Էɷ˶, Ϣգް, һû£

С꣬˴, ϸ£ѵõˬ⡣
ױд̨֮ϣԻƿʻŭţ㸡ϺС¯һԷЩʳϹѩԼŵֻ򣬰Ժ˯
ббϣԷɷ歶Ա˸棬š

׹¼֮ʸоЩ±ĲͬˣԷɷ歶·𶼱Ĳˡ
ʿ歶ֿԷɷɡ
歶ҡҡͷûʲôתԷɷɣʵ̾ʲô㸸𣿡
ø֪ԷɷŬŬ죬һֳһܡ
歶۾󣺡ôָˣ
عһֱͣ߶˵ҲΣӦΣ߶߶û꣬ˣԷɷ˵űЩ˵Ҷ죬Զ֪ϴҸѧѧѧƨѧҵĴҪϴ
歶һ죺˵İ
Էɷûܵ𣿡
歶շɺ죺㲻ҪǸֳҲΪá
ԷɷŭѵҾѵңллˡ˵ʲô˼վǱߣԷɷɺɵĴ歶ʲô
歶еȡûվǱߣʵǶѡ㱾ʱ͸ѵ
Էɷߣ䣺ǲǣ

һæסˣ˸ӣתΪ̾𣿡
ǵǡԷɷɴ
ΪΣʵںٿԷɷ̾
Էɷ죬ֹĩˣΪ£ҡѵ¶ԥ飬·ʮ־᣺һûã֪ô˵ȱˣԺȻǡ

ʺĺܣԷɷɼȻ˵ֻҰºġ
ءôˣת歶
歶ԷɷһۣҲֹҡҲҲҲԺ˵ɡ
Ŷðɡֻա
أ̾ʲôֵʡ
ʱôһʣȻҲǣȴίʵ֪ô˵صԾһ㱡ɴƿ֮ǰ䶨֮ʱȻ˵

Ž˾ϸ꣬
ҷһƬɫתУ죬·Ůѿ
ʱصСʱǵģôķպ͹Ȼַȴۣ˲֪Ǻá

˵ķÿȥҲ죬պɽڣʵĽȬԷɷһɨ˱㻶ϲϲԼ伯ᡣ
ɽŮڣ˼壬ŮǵĽա

һգҼһŮԡ磬󸣣ϣʢļᡣϰŵƽʣƻͨ磬ֵƻݣַǷ
ؽ۴αȣֱС̯岼鱦ΣֻСԣ廨ţӦоУֱۻҡ

ͷܶЦŮǰ棬Ժ֮˽󣬻ۣںͷ

Сͯ׷֣ʼдʱײβȡ
ۼֿ죬һѣƸסϸ󣬴վȣſ
վãһЦ
΢΢һ
δע⵽һĻ񽻻㣬ȻȴȻӿ졣⼸նɺ˵ȴͬǰЩܵԶһʮ΢ĸо
ڷе˵

硣
ãã˺ި֮Ժ֮΢һ֣к
ܡԺ֮һĴָϴһö˶ָ̽ḧǰָϴЦӴѵüݴˣҲ伯ᡣ
买֣˸δ˵
Ժ֮Ц˴˱˴ˣҲˡ
ި֮һЦԶżŮӣ֦չмۣŴСި֮Ŀϣ΢΢һС
þò

òǰһȢԼĿʵʣתתȥʮֲԶһ㣬ȴһǰ
ި֮
һԲֱި֮ƽ޲ϲŭ

ި֮ЦδƿĿ⣬תãôҲֳ
硣Էɷɲ̲Ľ
Ժ֮Цި֮䣬ֿ
һãһ˲ǰި֮Ի

ި֮ͷңһʧķЦȥĿ˸ֳɫ

ۣƯ
ֱһС̯סԷɷ֮ͣפȷƯɫʽߣ̬죬
ϲҲͷ
ʵͷ˵ѡҪҪ
üδܾͬˡ

˸ӺͺģԷɷɺȥûģ̯ܵȥѡ
ʱӺͺ꣬ͳǮˣʱ㽫ߵݸ䡣
һ㶡
ʲЦдС俪Цѣѵļ侪ȵӡת˺ߣݸ䡣
ҡҡͷ翴С磬ºͣ΢΢һЦֽӹ

һߣԷɷѡˣʹȥʱԺ֮Ǯ
ԷɷƵҸ磬Լȥ
죬ԼǮ
Ժ֮ԷɷһӣЦ㣬Ҫʲô𣿡
һ죬ҪˡţǾлл֮ͥ£ܱ¶ݣһ룬͵͵лл硣
Ժ֮ЦЦ

˶ѡˣǱԴϣΪɫС¹ԷɷһֻչСӥԺ֮һͷԵʨ
Էɷɱ߱߻ţŮӵЦˣ貵ƻԺ֮ĸߴʳڡ
һˣɲŮòһ羰ʮۡ

죬ԭһؽֶǰͷֻʨԾڣͷ˽ŲȸΣӵһתһֻ޴ƣۼ
λߣ࣬˿Ż赸ʱ·У֮衣

ʵ˱ǰУȻ˽ԷɷУ赸ֶ򵥣ȼ˸Ŀң֪߳óһΣһͷŷܽİסдߵģȴϤǼֻ
͸磡
歶
ɷɣ
ʶʱˣѳתܱߺ  
죬Уʵؼһɰת˲û

ʾĿѵжŷ򣬲²Ӧںͷɢģȫ
뿪ӣ룬κʱ֮ʱԽԽ࣬ϵӿʱȥֱġ
ʱקסҳߵİˡ
Ī£ǰ㡣






78.  ߰   ߰


  Ⱥʧصһʼ, ʾԺ֮ŮȻתۼ, ȴˡ
Сأ
Էɷ歶ãĶ㲻𣿡
Ϊ
ҲǺò״ǽмһǺ, Թ˲ϾΪʸڶԷͷ

ɫһ, תȥ, Ϣ, Юһһ˷ܵŮٺХﻹʵӰӣ
Сʣ
Сʣ
Էɷɺ歶ˣż, ʣȴȫȻûЧѰңԺ֮ס
̫ΣˣҲǰ취
ô죿

Ժ֮ˣԴ˸, Ƭ̺, ݸ빬е֡һֱڰţκ̫, ոҲ㱻ɢ, ǧż
Ժ֮ǿɿ, õĴ̫ˣʵעⲻ
ȥҡԺ֮Ը

˼, ɣ˻ԷɷȻ·ȺϢ׷Ѱ, һҵˣϡ
Էɷļ٣ȴ֪ʱң¡
ȥ

ֻɢӦ£̫ġԺ֮Сʴ飬˵׼һˡ
δ˵ǰ顣
ʢʮʢҪһڣҪѡ֣ΰѣ·𿴲ͷ
˺ҪһˣƩ롣

ԽʱԽܻţҪסüͷ΢šоĿ磬ѸȺѰ
ߣɫɴȹ
ĿһƿˣǰסһŮӼ򣬡Сʣˡ
Ůӻͷȡ£ȴһİݡ
֮ץˣһ
ϵŮǾŵ˭ҪէһӢӣתŭΪϲҪֳߣȴϵͷȥʱŭ񾭲ѽ

ǣǣǡ
ΪָƣξֹһһЦģֻҪҰ֮ڣܵһʱ俴
ȻȴƵƵϡ
ټ١

ŶŶ
ŹȺһ󻶺⻶ף֮˿Уֱһ㣬겻
ĿȺħ裬ʾȥ

ͷԶԷɷɻȥδʾʲδص
˿Ƿ񱻼ĳУɼǰУһˣһʱѲ˶ˣĲС᲻ޣ
ǰĶ˼̤¼ԺиֳʵڵϣǱȺ̤ȵڱѪ
ÿ궼иͯʧ¼һΪԼ߶һȴǱƭ߻ǿ°ߡ
ѲСֲƭߵĿԺС°ߡ
ͫȻһި֮ͻأǰ

磿Ժ֮˼Ӧòڰɡ
Ȼ⻰̫еި֮˽ȷΪԣֶ⣬տ񣬷еδ󵨵ֱ֣
Ҳǲܣި֮粻Ϊ¡
Ժ֮ôһ룬Ҳȷˡ
ȱ𼱣ȥǱߴ̽һԺ֮

ڣ΢һͷ֮⣬ټ֣Ƿɳȥģͳͳɳȥ⿿ǼС
Ժ֮һ˻᲻̫󶯸ɸ꣬ЦҪҪԵȵȣ˵Ͼҵˣ
ٵ顣
ި֮ÿһֿܷ⣬һëȻҵϣ̣̲ݻ
˵ϣҪ߿ȥ

Ժ֮һסҪ˵ȴסĿֻŨüδйĽǣܿű侲ϸɷϢԲȣֱ۽ָ΢΢
Ժ֮ʶһ꣬ȴݣ侲Գ֣Զ̩ɽǰ治ɫֹ
㡭
ȴ·ʧ̬ȻƳһۣҴȥˡ

˿̣֮ĳСڣǰվżˡ
Ⱥбס֮ʱʱԣҪȴСӣЮ֣Ѳá
ʴȣȴע⣬ע⵽ȴҲжϡɱһ·ܿȦ̶סͣһУ˹գͣС

˴Զ֣Ҽһȥ¥գȥ˵ƻῴ֣¿յˣһƬž
ϴ󣬸ֻ򣡡
ֱסһںĲߴ׺ݵвʵ㣬бܣҪ
һƣһģڽ䡣

ʽ΢ҹƺ¹⣬Юˣһˣվм䣬ӦͷĿ˽Դߣһֲѡ
мϴ´ʣЦЩһˣǷ򣬽ʡ϶ɵúã
϶ǻϲźٺٺٺ١
ѣжһϴָӵͬʱɷʵ㣬Ҷɱ㣬ʬ

ʳɪһ£зɿ˼
ƽԷɷɼˣţʲô¶ȥӦԣȻⲢʾ֪ʲôһӻתķɿģұһ侲ȵס
̶䣬ͨ˻ԼϴŵİĹĹҵĲжϳ⼸ǹ߷ǰ֪֮ǰѲֹһ١
Ȼбصʱѡ񣬶иɻƫƧСƻĶ֮ʱע⵽䣬㷻Ҳϣ鿴
ʼֽδҲԲܹδ󺺡
Ӳ
˿һˣȴҵ
취ԾȣԱ
ʷɿһƳܣδѪζĿֻڽٲƣӦ

ʿз֮¶ķ֮⣬϶Ŀ¶⣬ϵԼǮνһա
ʼűĲʣҶڼ˻ʵֻ߲δжද
ȷûˣ
ȷϺϲɫжսС
ʶ࣡ڿˡȥҪұ٣ɱȫҡֵ֮ܶͽ˵

һȻֻǽٲƣæװŵӣҡͷʾ١
һ˱ֱקʣ㣬ɡ
һ˲䷢
ǽٷ˲Сߣʱ䣬¶ݡ⧲Ž
ϴ󣬾ɫ
ԭȲԱʿȥ̶һ㶡

һ⣬ԤС
ǰǼǶˣƯģǧҲѰŹ̫ϧˣٺ٣ϴҪ
˶ӣ̴ɹʶĿ¶ٺЦų
˶
ڼͬʱʺȻһ𣬴֮нýݵĴ˹ȥ·ӡ

û뵽Ǿɫ⣬ˣʱΨзһûܡոռ˼ʱԼԶл⾭˵ǷѲ飬ֻˡ
ֻҪˣоȡ
κ˫ֱ󣬴ϲδܲ죬вܳڸճСʱٷ˴ס
ٷܻϻС
ģ㻵£
ָǲҵģ
ǻ͸ɱ⡣

Цų֣չʲϺˣг־壬ԤеԼҪɥڴˡ
һ˲Ժۻףĸ֣ɷɣǡ󶨸ף䣬䣬͸硭


Ȼһٷ˷һҲҽУڿշ߷ݰ㣬ƮԶصڵأһѪ
ͻٷ˻δӦֻһ޳Ӱ·ǰһѵǰ˱

ʲôˣٷ˷Ӧֻһˣ㣬ƺȵ
δţȵͷӻ֮ˡ
ʻȻ̧ͷһʱϤգããȻ䡣
ժʴϵĲ
ʴѣӡ
꣬ȱ˵ָۣḧ촽Ƶɿָ΢ţԣһͺá
ı˫ۣ֮һס΢΢һѹԼؿڣţתǽٷ˶ˡ

˫۽գǰһƬڰܵһжֻܿжϡ䵥һֳֽ˪оԼתŲմأȻȴٲ¡
ٷ׺˴֮תۣȴɰ
ֻ䣬|⣬|嵹صѪζ
ܹΪž

е㲻˶ͷϺˡʣ˫ֱʣ߳鴤Ȳ߳С
ҹ룬ɱۣ˵ȽĽŲ֪Լȫˣ׵İȫˡ

֪˶ãҲܾúܾãҲƬ̣ʸоͣ
ˣûˡߴ͵͵
ۣԭΪص˼ϵ㣬ȴֵ֮ͣһš˿Ͽռţ²żҶСۡ

䣬һʱû˵
ֻǷֿ˰ʱѣȻôţȴһ㡣ոյһУһجΡ
һ㣬һҲͼǰˡ

ûˣҪ¡俴ʴ͵һĨʹĺѾˣ¡
𣿡૵
ţˡ͸ˣ뽫ʬΣֻŵʡ

ξ㱻ϴһգͷңѵȴմҳۣ¡ɱˣȴδȾѪۣԾѩ׸ɾʴϡ
𶯣ϻ
£˿̲뿪벽ֵҲߣȥõ㶫ָָ£ܿҡ

ʱͷ䷽ת첽ߵ£ԾһС봬Ƭ̺һֻˮĹӣˮصǰ

ͳһӣǰʪˣ΢΢šɣӡ̲ۣиɺѪʮǱһһøɾ
δ£裬ȴʮСĶᣬ̴֮汦
ű˫֡
ϵѱϣϾңպ۴Ŀġ
ʹʹϥǰüĿʹɤ΢ơ
һ㡣ʴ
δ˵Ĳ˫ֺ
ûбĵطˣ
ûˡ
㲻ˡ

ʵ⻺Ķ･ƽϢп־ͲɲͳͳʧˣʣµΨİ̶ȵķָ֣⾹΢΢
Ҳһŵˡ
룬˿͵Щο
ûˡ㲻Ҫġ

Ծɵʹ˫Ƭ̺󣬷Ӧһš
ʵϣ϶ʰɾˣְͷˮͷһӣСϣٶȻصǰ

ĿתһУȣȴһʱ˼֪Ҫʲôֱ临ֶе㷴Ӧûȥˣ߰ɡ歶ǿ϶ˡ
˵Ҫȴһͷȵȵȡ
ʲôءԹԹ£ɻ䡣

䵥ϥأôţüĿŵʼƽ˿һֱʡ
Сʣм仰˵ڡ
ţлµģʶ

ҳݸʹȻʹȻӡɫ󣬵Ͷ˵˼ܿ˼أʵҽС΢ʤȯһʧ󳾰䶨֮ʱ㲻ŵͷɡ
¹ϣһ㱡ɴֳ͵ϢʴУоҪ˵ĻһҪҲ

ڳɼ֮£˵۸ڶ|ԣʵǰƻްǿһ°ܣۼ޹ŮӸӲֺͬα˸գһ
ǰЩֹ꣬ˮġ
ʵһһ˵ô໰δ뵽˵ɼҵ˽֮£һʱ䣬·ʶʲôȻӿ졣
䣬鼸Ҵ

ƻѴ󶨣ԭţչ֮пǳɼҵȻȴı⣬ٵȡ
Ŀʼʵϣӳճգ
벻Ϊθ⣿
ԶʢѽβĿ񻶣Ц֮ԶԶͬʢı
Զƽᣬ·۰ĹƻԼҲᣬᡣ
ΪΣ

Щӣ㲻ģҲܲġ
Ҳ֪Ǻã㲻ȴˣʾ㲻⡣
˵ʿ䣬еӳʵɫ

ڣ㲢ᣬҲ.
㲻ˣļ٣ټ㡣
˺ˣΨɱ֮һͷ֮ޡ
֮һ仰Ժ𣬾һնӵй᲻ڡ˵ʧȥ׷ڡ
ʱ죬շͷ
±Ǩ޳䣬һ˲ʧȥ

һޱ߷˿˫۲󣬴䣬һʱ̣·˺ֻ޹İﴫԼĶĤ
Сɣ𣿡
ʱܵͷ˵ʲôȴַ·ʧȥԵĹܡ
ͻȻ˵Щǲŵˣ
ʵӰҡҡ
룬ֻ㣬֪ٲ˵СʣҿԸʱ䣬м£²ٵ飬ܲܰæ
ʲʲôͷ·˽ᡣ

ĸҪٰ˵ˣ𣿡

ϰϰɫˮǳҫ·ֵ߽Ͷĺϣ㣬ͬөԶһξ
ξ֮УĲ񻰡

ĿֻҲһȴȷ֮ΪΪֹ֮ƻʱĿ񻶣ٳֵĿ־壬Լһֱ̡ͬ˵һϦ䳢֮ζ֮¡
ոձЮʱ֮𵴣ȴʱ˿̸ҡ
죬ȴδһ֡

ȻЦˡ
Ц¹֮£˵ģԸӵᡣ
ˣ»ȥ˵ȽϺáʲôֻҪӽԺԶݸߡ
ˣɺã






79.  ߾   ߾

Ȼ, Ȼأ

ԺУԷɷ歶ɴ۾Χ, ׷ʡ
ɬ򴽲, ⲻԶ
ۣ歶
ӦˣԷɷȲѣ£ô״Ӧ
ι, ʲô˼歶㲻Ҫҳ⡣
ʽתΪãȻ, , ΪβܴӦ
ԷɷʮģȲ˵Ůӵ֡ҪԵͷΪ໨˼ʱ䣬, ֪ϧ

Цȫû뵽һ㣬֮ǰһʱĵļ尾ٳֺΪҪ, һ˲ӿֳ޴ź, ֣˵һʱ, ΨһܸķӦ, Ǻԥĵͷ
Ȼͨ, ֺαع̫֡׵õĶϧȴ֪, 䲻ǰˡҵʱŬƵĻҺ΢΢ָҲʲԸĥһ֡
ֻ֣ɫ̫, ˿¹ͷ

佫ʱݸﱻһգݿɾ࣬δɣصУ˷֪֮಻˼ܣʵʱ˷顣
ǽٷ˵ɥҵⱻٳֵļλŮӣ֤ʵٲ֮£˽̲

ԺǲǸý㡭ɩˣ歶ԴּɣĲѡ
ʱͨ죬ҪҪҽС
ˣһ£˱ˡ
΢ȡ

Ҫݣȴδ룬侹Ѹ٣һնˡ
˳ױŹˣһݷ˵һ̶ҪȥݣǷԸ֮ͬУ̱Ӧˣʹʰ
ϰ֮ж˵ֱجһʱ׳־ѳ׻ҷ𣬻͵һСԺҲˡݷԾɿͿ·ʲôҲһ㣬ݡ
Ҳ˻ȥߣҲ޵Ťʵܵġίƾһı֮ݼƼұҪмˣﻹ̸
Ϸһ⣬˵Щʲôö֪

һߣݷ̽ʡ
ȫ֪ݷˣҲ֪θݷ˽ģ֮ݷ˿Ѿȫˡ

ݷЦݣʺͱһֱδϡ

ݷʵ֣ҿϿ¿Ҫˣʱ򷽾ԼǷǷǣӦôͷֻӦһȲҪںεȵΡ

ʵεֻһˡ
û뵽룬һ档ӷ𣬵󰡣ҪȥǮ
ʣ
˼һ˼ĵǻ˵ס
㣬ȴšݼҼҴ֮ഫ㴫ˡ
һҪæƴǡ
ȴݷǿӲĴϡ

ݷ⣬ˣЦ
˵СݼԵˡ
ԺһˣãҲʡ¡
ƽﱾֹԵλȴֱˬӣҲûţôֱͱһֽԼˡǿеʡ£Ҳǵȫһİϱţٲĥϣˣ֪֪ףȻʡ¡

һֻѹ׷ͷΣͳǼ޴멣һϮƤ̺
Ҫ׼
ʸƴǲ

òݾҲˣĸλֻͨݹס
ʱݾڷŮ죬ױȡ
ɩݾľһе
ʴƽʻһ㣬ȴаɩ
ݾ첲ĸģͷҪ̧ˡ
ݾЦŹȴЦûʲôģպͰ·Ʒ㽻Ұɡ
ʣ
˵ûʲôͣһһֻҡ

ʸоЩѾղˡ歶ԤҪֻͣδѰĶء
ʲôΪζҪôʾһ¡

ʼֱĲУȴΪȻ
¡Ӧõġ
ʣ
ôһ룬ʷеЩ棬ǰҲЩڶ׻Ȣ֮£˵鷳ηֻеûìܸ˼ĥϵȵȣȻȴʡȴಽ軷ڣ˼֮̽ʮȻԾԼѸ˸ݵת䡭
ԼδȫӦԾòʵ

ԣ䣬һ


϶ʱ˵ֻǶˣէƽûʲôȻȴǰر
ݸ··˶֪£ԲĿŵۣԶղĿζձ
ΪλлǰŮ֮ˣԵʵ̫ˡ
ǳϲӣأҲ֪˻ĥ

ôʱʼҿ䡣
Ȼôһ𡭡

˵Ļڶÿÿ𣬶ʵһ㣬ˣ˵һʱãºÿһ䶼ǣǡ⽫Զġ
Щִ⣬òƺָܿ糣Ǹݵݴˡ


Ŷæ֡
ţϱ㱻һ
Ȼһֻ˷ƤɫƤֻ޵ĺӿ۴׺һԼֵƵԲ飬򵥶¡ҪǣϿõסϻδٺۣƤֲĥ˿ڡ
յˡ
ôҲѵҲ񡭡

ǿĵģЦƯллҺϲ
ףһʽĶ˺úȥ򡣡
ʲʲôˮǺ
ж
ʱͲڣһɲǶ䷢̣ͨ죬ĪЦĸоʲôģʽѽ
ǲ˼ҡʲôû׼
ЦҲЩ㲻׼
ŶŶһ˼ȴ̱ˡ
Цúÿ
룬ڸмǰʱͣǰЦݡŷ֣Цÿ

ճȭڴߣһԷɡ
Ŷ
ԵҲô
в˶ôšЦҲÿָôô
ĿҷɣͨͨȫͣһٷԵʳ֪ζ߰㡣
˱˴ԡ˵ϡ棬ǰż̫ۻѧҵ̫ʱ˴˱㲻˵಻ΡǰЩδ֮ǰҲйһԶԵ΢ʱ̡
Ȼ˿̵΢ȴȫȻͬ

ҪҰʢ
Լ
á
˫ͬʱͬһУٿȻͬʱһ٣˴˶ӣת
һĳ˵̷ֿ
򴽵ͷⷢ죬
ĿͣṴ

Ϊϵת
ǰƽģȻһٶ·𶼳˱ζϤ飬Ҳ·˲һɡ

̲ס뿴䣬ÿÿ̧ʱĿ⡭ǲζҲһֱڿҡ
ҪӣŮӶٻҪһ㡣ԼܾҲһЩ仯ȴԶ侲һЩ

ʻ˲Ժ
ʰӣעʵλãδ

֪ΪΣ˾ǰȴ̲ס
һһЦһһҲ
ոһƷ˿СĹ˷ϣǰԥֱãȻһָ̣ƽӰ㣬Ҷ
һ̽ؿڣλãˮɫȻЦˡ
ЦʧأЦйʧ̬ЦԼ





80.  ʮ   ʮ


ֵʱǹر졣
һ, ʮ壬

£ĹʱԹ, Ϊ֮ؽڣһ, ʥЯ׹ǻʳ¥ͬ, ¡
缸⻼, ͢, ȶǿʥϷ˼, Խ֮¡ʢ
ϰŵƽʣǵƻ𣬼Ҽһȫ㳲˿ӿ۵¡

ݸҲѵȫ, ʱҪݷ˵һ𵽴, ȴԷɷס¥¥˶е, λ, ûô, ¥Ůͬ
ʥϹȻ¥ǰ, Ժ֮ڲ̸࣬Ц

¥»ʼַݣݲ, ʷ׳ʡʥĴãǮǮ׷ɢ䣬𻶺һƬ
ãԷɷռ¥࿿ĺλãҰ𣬴кá
ʶǰ߳±߿ݡ¥ɣ֮ͻЦ·ԶƽһϹڲ֪Ϧķ顣
Ҳ

Уһܿܿһۿ䣬һۣͦ޳¹֮£֥
ֻ⿴һ۶ѣȴһ˲Ȼعͷ
Ŀһ
䴽΢΢
Ϭôһţ־ۡ

ȴʼĲڣЩʱգѽȻ𲽻ָǰദģȻ˻ˣÿ֮ǰ޶޷һԷɢȣǸоȴʵڴǰϵת䣬ϤüĿһһľһһȵЩƽ塣
ضƳ㣬Ǵһޱȡ

΢΢һЦҪջĿ⣬ȴԺ֮ͷ˵һ䣬źȻվ𣬳ͣǰ
ԱߣæԱŲ˸λ.
磬
һ۽
ôˣҪ𣿡ʵ˱裬ŵǰ
ްʥϷˣԺ뿪

ŶʵͷֿŵĴǣʾӦءֳϣҪְȻٲ˸ָĳӦꡣ
΢һüֻһҪˡ
ʲôʡ
СС豭һڣһ£ĵ¡Ŀ̶תʣ  кЦ⣬δ˵˼ȴ
£㡣
һ
䳯Ϧദ˼Ϊ죬Щ˵ڣ֮Ը䣬಻̫˵֮࣬Ȼż͸¶⣬

ۡŵС
ӴԷɷżӣӣҪ٩䣬ֻʲô⡣
ҪȥʥǱ߸ʫһסʥϸջ㡣䵭
ˣԷɷʵˣٹǣȥһ߼ݡ
Ц

ȻƬ̺ʥϱ뿪ͣ£ΪڡʼҽĿݸһ䣬ʢ᷽ʼ
ڼ
¥ǰ¥֮ϣһʫԶи輧Խ
Ը˳ãǧﹲ濾ꡭ

µգ˼䡣
¹£ǺһȫǣϴССĴֻͣƮҷУϵƻͨյĺˮͷףʷ뷲䡣
һֻߴʴݻޱȣ¥ңңԣ˴һࡣ

ǵλСϲӣ
λ󸾺Ůڴͷң¥ϼӰ
û룬ˣ˵ϰһˣȴҲ̳
òҲˣ˭ݹӶŮ׽ˣ֮䡭

ĿͶ¥ϡ
ɸ¥֮ϣŮбǰ£¹Դϣһ࣬żһŮϣŮȻһЦҲЦˣ°з·ɲʢ¹⡣

ҪݹΣҲֲСŮ
СŮСŮĽˣպҼ˵ûء
Ѳˣ
˵ϾôݹӿɾôһĵģӺݸλҲ㲻ˣһСﲻɣ

 պȡݼҸǡһ֮֮ˡ
˭˵ǣҲ֪ĸƫѡݼҵĳϲӣֻ˵ãĽҲĽ
Ҳȫã˼òƷԣĵˣƷϣãܷݹԼݸ»ģ类ͻȥˡ
ǳϲӣȴͶϲԵҲʧΪһμѻ
ôɲŮòҲ䡭ܺùݹ


һŮЦţǲԶһСǰŮӣһһ٣ѩ

ѩ˫ĿԲ¥ǶӰȥѳȫĴˣòޣ˿ȴŭԳ
ĸף㿴
˼ȥͷΪӺݣϴ⣬¥ϡ
Ǿᣬôѩŵ
긮ǸСľګĬ۸ĲѾͷ߹ˣ޷ĸ¥ϣ˻ƣЦ绨̬ݵĽĽ֮Ŀ⡣

㣡ͲôӦȥݸѩ޺޵
˻ƣ˲֪Ҳ֪ߵҲΪ㡭ѹǳ
ǣǺأݹӽӸϴʱҾ;òסǾģġ
ѩ˫˫ס¥ϣ޲ö
βԸţҲòϣǶһ𣬵ȷһˣ̬ڲס׽ڳ˵⡣

㲻˵֮䲻ܵô£ѩĸס
ô֪˭֪СʹʲôֶΣ
˷ȻʣвͼͻҹϵݸĸڼҵɽӲʩ⣬ˣֻ˽´͹עţ⼸֪꣬ݼҹòƲ֮ȴδκţԿж˲δŮ֮顣
Էģ˭ϽȴȫȻô¡
СӾϸ֦ˣ

Ժô죿⼸걾ͱѹ֮ˣպ󻹲ǰһ̧ͷѩϴŽޣҪǹ˼ͷҪˡ
⻰һ´Ŀڡ

⼸꣬ʵ˹Ĳ̫˳ġ

ݸδ˵֮ľٴȴ¶̬ȣ˺֮ϣ˶ý롣Ǻѩ˾ԺòǺʼԼһЩʢᣬ˵ȶ벻ãȥˣƱҲ볣ȦݼԶԶġ
ҲΪЩʼ˵ԭ

ԭΪݸһ˵ƷƳЩζ̬Ҳྶͥ
ԤһڵȴҲ޴ǰں顣
Զɽ취κԶɽųܣ޼ƿʩֻ۱ֻ۵ĵùҹš
ԴӰģѩõ¡
˵ݸΪԼŮ߳룬ıȡõĻ£ͷȴ͵ʴףǫ絹Ƕ£ȴһȢһ¼ޣ˵ҫ鹣պ󻹵֣

ѩ˵ļ⣬ϣ׼ˣζҪΪѰź£üκݸ֮ʣļţת˿ڷ磬Գֹ̬֮
ۿѩһһܲļ
ٿСӵķ˸һͷ

ʲôɥ˿ƽЦߣҲֻǵ;˵˭֪Ƕ˹ϵ١ȳס⼸졪Ļһ취òģί㡣
¥ǲӰ޺޵гʲޡ
߰ɣȻؼҡ
ʵڴ۴̶

ѩˣӲµĴĵһ¥ݹսǴӭһӣŸ̴ӡ
̴ӽеÿÿ
ȴ̧ۿ漴ǳʹӣ񣬡̶΢΢һЦһãˣλС

˿ݣһ





81.  һ   һ

˿ӵ, ɳһ
ȻǶӣ˳£ި֮

ѩި֮, ȴϵõģû뵽ڴ˴, Ҫȴި֮һ
ĳ, ˲ض񡣡
, ֪ި֮΢, ţ˳⡣Ϊȵǣި֮ϵѩ, ȷгݡ
ͬھǣλި֮ȥȴվԭأ˵
ڨڨһЦ⼸СӵĸܶشԵ, ȻԵü

˵, ĸ˼һԨԴֻϵ, ˴Զˡި֮Ц
˻ʮ, ި֮Բ, ި֮ĸҲĸң, 鲻ǳʱֱù¶ȵȣȨ˥, ɢѲ⣬ཻҲ֮ʧȥ䡣

ި֮ᣬ˾ȡ
˻³
ҵҵ˳Թˡæ䲻ԣި֮е׽֮ȴʮãݣΪܳ
Щĸ̸£źպлᣬɶ߶߶ި֮Ц
ɫ΢΢һ䣬Գɡ

ި֮ȴ·һ˵ת˻磬λѩ
˵ǡ
ި֮΢ЦˡС㷼ԶŲһ
ĸŮӲ˷Уֻ٣ѩе⣬ӵĻһ̧֮ʱި֮Ŀײʱ΢΢һ˫۾ģܻע
ި֮δٶ˵к󣬵»Լˣˡ㡭
æǣѩ뿪

߳һκѩѹʵ˭ѽ
˵ص˳£ӣ
ѩ󾪣ʱͺ֮ǰ¥ԶԶΪƣɻͷһۡ
ި֮δȥԾվԭأѩͷһչȣЦθߴ⼸з֣ԵýʵŨüۣԴɫżֿаȣۣԲʧΪһλӢˡ
վ·Ϊס
һЦʱѩͷһϷɺ죬æתͷȥ

ĸŮӰʧЦƼȥһƬδǰߣת·ء
̵΢ӹµ޴֮͹ӷĽύ

ި֮ɫ޷εĽ֮ɫ
ԶЦި̧֮üȥֻգ죬֣ӺϢͼΣ¶Щ֮
̫ƽ֮£ǰϾ˻±㽫ճ̣̲ݻ
磺

ި֮Ժ֮ԭ൱ʥΪƺ̬һֱģɣδԣȻ缸꣬ިܸ֮оʥϸΪƫ
Ȼ⼸˼£פر߽ľ˾Ҳ˺üΰ̣ĸǸʲϲ
һмԼĸ֮ǵܹ֮

ǵƣԺ֮ݹķ֮£֮ƣֱֱ꣬ϣ˳˳ˮˮǴߡ
ʵ̬ȣԵı仯
ĳЩ£ֱԺ̣֮º󷽸֪Թݼҵ뷨ȴǱˣ˵ˡ
Թܿܣߴ޺³
辶Ѱͻƿѭ֮

ިۣ֮ĿͶ¥ߴ
ңп֮

Ȼȥ＾ԼǰԺҶʼƵ֮ʱʼ˽һΣУнӹԺµҵ飬Ӵ˱ʽѧãѧҵġ
Ȼνѧģ黹ҪģֻӴ˼ල̣ܽٶʲô֮ˡ

ν׾Թ϶ʱۡ
Ժʱ¶֪СŮ歶ݾһܣԷɷɴǽͷ£ȻִתԺλ޿κε黹ĿһΣջ䣬Ҷˡ
꣬ȴǿġ
ѽѽҲͺͷд£ŻѪˣҪúһ
һļϣԼС԰Ԥسһ١

ʱæνзջз＾ǳзʱʱڵзƷʸףϸۣڸз黬ޱȡ
ʶ۶ĸзϴ졣ݾ֣ʱ˼ֻȥıɷ歶á
ȻԷɷɽȴٳδ֡

ȥˣٲǱ㶼ˣʱ
歶ſǰС۰ͰŻƳγεĴзʱСƮ֭סʿˮ
ٵȵȡܹ°סˡϵзȳ˰ɡʿ歶ʵڿȸһзȡ
歶ϲҪȥãһԷɷ߿ԺţŭĽˡ

歶һ
ôˣ
Էɷһŭݣڣ˫۸·Ҫð
Ҫɱһū汾
歶Էɷ˵ƢȴǲҷƢ֮ˣܾûҪɱˣū˭

ע⵽ԷɷɽһխװŸӣ޽кѥմȻվ˶
ģ
š
ôȻȥˣף˵ȥˣСѵˣ
ϴ׹¼֮歶ɣҲʣôЩ˵˱ûȥΨԷɷɣȥ˺üءǰ֪㰮ġ
ôūΪǣҲҲãΪ˭ΥҵΪ
ãһԷɷɸΪӣҪըˡ
ūϴξǸū𣿡
ٿȻȺʧأԷɷΪգǧһ֮ʣūһ֮סԷɷɡ
ţԷɷûӦ

ۣҲˣūͣ歶ôˣˣĻҪɱ˼ңҪӺһͷ𣿣
ұˣͣҪǿҵķϣһٻˣʲôˣĿ޹֪ôʶ̧٣Էɷɺ޺޵

ôˣʵ˱ˮݸԷɷɣʾ侲һ£˵ӽԷɷɱŭȻĲᣬȻ˵˰ȴδ˵Ȼһͷˮ
Էɷɶ豭һƽϢЩ죬ȴֹ歶붢͵˵Էɷ촽ٶȿֺϣĩˣ׳һ䣺
Ҳûʲô˵ġ
ʣ
歶
Էɷһ֣ˣ˵֮ˡԷԷˡ
ʾе㲻ԾԷɷɼȻԸ˵ֻա˴ˮԷɷɼϴڿˡ

зãȴܶԡһǳззԸɾܽ临ԭɳǰģ
źλС飬ԼҲֻзС뱭ƾƣȻ󽫳ԹзƴԭģڰһſΪ׳ۡ

ˮ˴ˮʼھ֡ȸɹżСν﷦Ա㣬˱
ʱֻڵ̺ϣ뿿ſСϣԷɷɽʣһһȴʴϡ
ѩߣ˯㡣
˾˫ĿҲҪ˯ȥˡ

ιԺû
Ƽž
ʲôԺ󣿡ԷɷĲɵ
Ժ£Ժ˵˵պ޽ںҪ巻˴֯ȿɽ˼ʶӺ֮տգõҲԭ˿Ʒ
ڱݾ˵أÿ궼Ҫǧϰ˿޲֮ޣȻ۸񰺹󣬱˵ͨգǶйԣݳ֮Ʒ
ݾľԣȴ뷨ĴĴ˾٣˵

ܺðԵ
ԷɷɵͷʾͬŵžͻҵĴӺһԵȻ̽ģݺ£·ƽε
Ц壬Ůء
ţһձ
㲻𣿡
ް
˻ôȥ̽ģ𣿡
ԷɷȻһ𰡡
˫ۣͬ⣬Ըһȥ
ԷɷҲ˫ĿһΪβ᣿֮ˣͶ֮ˣϿΪ

Ц
ȷԷɷɵʵ硣˵һͬ̽ʲôģе㲻ʵΪʷϲһ¼

ѵ»̫ƽɲҪ
еԷɷɺȻһԵˡ
ģԷɷɵȶ˵ҪȥҲȫ׼ǺϧģͷһȱóȻ¡
ǣϰ

ʷЦأ
ĿԴãȻûʲô뷨Ҳûʲôرϲرġ
ԭԺѧСһд֣ϰ黭ȼգеġԺ󣬱·һ¡
񾲶ϲŮ죬Էɷɺöÿ壬ʳվտ֮ȣûرϲģҲرȤġ

һҪ˵ţţϣպܼ޸÷ӣúý̵ǰɡ΢죬е㲻˼ǲ̫ûϢˣ
ᰡҡͷ
ӣӣԹԼŮǵĹ޺һĹ켣ݼģ±ͷ¶̣˼Ȼ׷ʣ·ֻмˣˡ
ȻƽЩ֮֮ϲֺξƽӹ
㲻֮಻ӬͷС֮ˣĸ꣬ңؼߣԼǷСأֺγһ˲£ֺγһõƷʡ

룬̣ţܼ£ܺá
Էɷһţ顣
ЦˣãȻüͷչʵأôģ
ʻ˸ƣסϥǣ룺ϲϲˣǳԵĿģұܿġ
ʳ͸˼֮
ˣԣˣԣѹˣԣɥˣԣ
·ûʲôʳԽģһٲУǾ٣ʷǳǳϲָóԵĶιѣǵ壬ƣۻѹʱһֵַָоǳ֮

ĸЦԣҿһ¥Ц¥Щ鷳ˡպϣܳԱ£ʳ֮ϰķʳ֮߳յͬʱһܣɲᡣ
ЩϰԳԺȺȣ뷨
һϰǣࡣӺػ֪ж֪֪ĲƷʺ뽫Ǿܳ飬Ȼ¼ڲᣬø˽֪ǡϵر죬ȴʳڣҲǼ¡
ۺѽԶʳͣкóԵһҪң
ң
Һ棡
Էɷֲ
æ˰סȳԱϰ˵
ⷽ

ˮ˻ˮͳһʸʣմģ˵ù㿴ӣɫϲ
ʽӹһƣһӣһһԧ졣
ǰݾ˵塰ױԭΪЦδ룬ĿʼˣҶô죬ͳƷ
ۣǰ歶
һ죬ϰ歶ͷɷɵĵ٩Ҳܶסǵ죬ȥɡۺãսС

歶ЦеСʣɩԼ㶫˵аģ˵ļױͷ֮ģŶ
𣿡ⷽ浹֪֮١
˰ɣ㶫飬ͲôԹżˡʡʡ㹦ڱϸʵʡԷɷɻ歶һưˮ
歶죺ҿ㲻ǴӺһǴӺһ˹
Էɷɷ˸мİۣ˵ˣ|СҲС
歶㣡
ʲЦ˻ϲ죬С赽Ӯ룬Դӳ|С±歶ͷ֮ʹԷɷ֮ðʤÿζܽ歶ĲС

歶޺޵ҿǼСʸҰָã˭㵱ء
Էɷνʼ磬ȷãԵŮ֮飬ίȻϲʣȻҲͲƽˡ
˵Сȴ˵׼мȼ˵ģԷɷɵ
ءô˵ţȴ̲סǡ
Էɷһʵգģ
ʱ޷죬С
歶æȥæʣԷɷŤæȥֿˣѾţ֮˶Էɷɡһſ

Ц̱֮ϣԴԴ
չӴγһ׹ϸС

Ǻܺõ£ܿġԷɷǹ˵Ͼϣ˭ĸ
һů⣬ЦҲġ
Էɷü·νƬ̣ȴԳһɻ󣺡˵ʱʼϲģ˵ηԼĸ飿ϲһˣʲôоأ
һʮ˽˵ˡ
歶Ҳڣ棬̸ĸʲôģеֵֹģʸоԷɷɷ·ʵģҲ

ʲôʱʵ˵塣
⣬ͬһ£ŴӺܾǰÿĳĺȻˡȻ󾭹ͣĳһ죬ĳʱ򣬱εض
һˮɡ
űӡ
ϲһ˵ĸо
ϲһѽžǣرĿ⣬뷨һһһ΢С񡣸˵£ѹ£ͬҲϣ֪ģһС
һʱʲô˵Ҳúܿġ
ʱĪ뵽һС£һ仰ܻ뵽
˵˰һʱͷֵ
ֵĸоһ죬㷢֣ĶǾϲˡ

˵ʺȻ򣬵һ뵽Ҫˣ뿪ݸܣֻΪ᲻ݸʵ᲻õģ䡣
ݸԺ󻹿ٻݷ˵ɿ߶»˱ݣҲɿԺ㴫飬άϵ顣
䣬ʹ뿪˹ϵֹڴˡԻȢߣġ
Ϊ֮ĺѹ¡

ԭⷬҪܷɷ歶鳰Ц飬Ȼ˵֮ȴþûκλӦ
һƬĳĬ

ҿˡ
һ⡣ֻԷɷ죬עǵĿ͸¶Щţ·ʲôһС
歶ĿƣϺЩš

ԷɷɲԾ֮ʷ֣歶Ҳ񲻶Ծˡ
ôˣ
СĶʵ





82.  ˶   ˶

ôˣ
ʲ, ʮãȻҪʵѽ˵ȴ, Ū˺ǲѲɱ̼ˣֲ̫񣬵񱻻һĸо

ˡԷɷޱ
ˡ歶૵

ʣôˣôˣ

Էɷ歶Ȼ, ӶԷпһ޵飬ʱһ
㡪
㡪
ͬʱ, ͬʱȻֹ, 򵥵ֻƬй¶̫ණ, һ̣˱˴ղЩʲô

ʣʲôʲô

Էɷ歶ٶȶӡ
Էɷɣ㡭
歶㡭
촽һ, ͬʱɵĳԷʵȻͬʱֹס

ʣɶɶ

Էɷ歶תĿ⣬ҡҡͷ
ûʲô
ûʲô
ʣ
ûʲôӣȫһͷˮֿǸ, ̫Ծ, һ¡
ôˣ˵ѽ
Էɷ죬ֹ, ͷ, ڻ˵
ʿ歶
歶Ļشһģһ, Ҳڻ˵
ԽأԽղ, ˸ʲôءʱѩţèצԷɷ歶ǰ׺Ļ˻Ρ

Էɷ¶ԥ, յǲ㣬ֻǡ֮ˣԺ˵ա
歶ҲԺ˵Сʣ㲻Ҫ
ڣ͸˵ֻ˵һһʵ̫θˣʵĺļֱҪ

ֱ䷹ɢʱȻ̲ס¡
Ͼ̫ˡ
˳˻һ𣬼޻̸ûʲôܣֵ֧֧ǣһԯ޵Էɷ歶˷ıһ¡·֮乲ͬӵֻжԷ֪¡
ʸоһ磡
Ծ̫Ծˣ
ʲôأ

Ժ̽ţץסһߣĩ򶥲ƽΪλķӦǰʲôţķӦ
ˡ
Էɷϲһʲôоʻش֮󡪡

һͷȻʣ͵ͣ½Ųɴ۾
ѵ
Īǣ

ţ
࣬ͣ½Ų׿
ãˬ˳Թ󣬱㳣غһȦǰٲʹǸţ񶼺ɫԶԶ߿ǶĶ硣
ߵĵ»һյƺһܣõĿ·
¹֮ڣΪʣɫ£ҹİ硣

ɫҾӱ¹⣬ֱż£Ԥ磬䡣
ɢʱһûһ˵Ӳһ⣬뵽˵˰˺һΣһ˼ž

üͷͻȻ˷ܵʡ
ʲţȻԽԽô£ǰһգΨŽ͵ͨ
ԣԷɷ歶֮ˣ
ʲôʱ£˭
ץӷˣ޲ʸסҲԼУûвǵ״

°ͻȻһ
ָ°ͣתԼЦЦʲôô񡣡
ͷһʱշ죬ⷽԼոȫʣ֮ס°ȣһʱ˼հף鲻Խѿڵɷ
ദ˼֮ͨżľֹ

ʻعָܿջأӿڵк£
ֻ°еȥһվе㲻˼ֻȻӡ
ûʲôʻص䲻䣬Ͼ漰˽ֻǲ²⣬Ըˣвס
飬ȴڵϲˣ
˫ĿԲô֪ҵ˼ô֪£

赭дʵѲ£ƽԷɷ歶֮£ʴδ̸ʱڱ޷ǳʲôʲôȥ˵ȵЩģǲ̫˵ŮҶԣ˼ͨȽϹעĻʲô
һ㲻ѵó𰸡
ңɻ֪Щ顣
ˣǸˣ
ʲô
´󾪣Ҫɵˡǵδе⾪ȣ򵥵ʾȴ˾޴Ϣ

ʲô˼֪ЩʲôǸĸˣô֪ģ  ʸоԼ˶·Ҷ֪Щʲôڹɵһͷʺš
Ŷδ㡣ҲʵʻͱƲµϢżȻ֪һЩ£ò̫Ѱֻǲȷ˵˵θ˵ģ

ˣҲûʲôˡʱ㽫յЩԻ˵ˣϲǶ򺬺һ˵Щ̫˼ˡ歶ʱԷɷƵֱû˵
歶˵˵ζųԼ֮⣬δκˣܰݸļˡδȻҲ֪ʾûҲ˵Ϊøȥʲô鷳

΢һͷ/Ųʮˡ
㵹˵˭
ʽʾ֭˼֮ˣǼ˵Ѵ˴ʶԷɷɽθһЩʲôʱʶǲ֪ˣҲǼпܵġ
ôһ˲һͷȻ̫ˣһţûץס
ʰԹĿ䡣

΢΢ȴȲ˵ұ˵ˡûɱ˹ΪãȻܹ֮ҲҪȥʣ˵ʱȻ㡣
Ŷ
ʺҪȴҲ֪֮ܵѣҲзִ磬ҲضԷԸƼˣʱδȫԼ˼ʱҲǲøġ֪Էɷɺ歶ʱˣ̹档
˷Ǽֻڴһ㵽
һֱϣܹҸԼ˳죬ԸΪУϣҲ֮ˣԲ

ˡȻ
ţ
̧һŷֲ֪ѹ˴ˡ
Ԥһֱ˵ˣ˵ˣϲ˵
գգۣЦ
񣬳߽һЦЩʲô
ƺǰһ㣬ճദͶԻȴЩȻȻܡ
¹£˵Ӱһһ̣ӰţӰȻżСȵıֻţ˰ĺܽгܰ
ԡ
֮ʵڳĴ󣬹ʻ̲סĳȣൽ֮ǰҪΪ尾ˡܿ죬û˼ˡ

ΪϷ˻ˡ






83.     

ϷôȻˣ
, ݸ˶⡣Ψ򶨴ݡ

ԤϵĿ졣˵
ʲô˼˵ζ·Ԥ֪
ԭΪôҲһ£û뵽, ô졣һյţͼˡ
ţ
˻ʱ, ױдһŴȥӣӦѰǰִˡ뵱ȻΪӦǶ֮µĽ, , ŵȴòûô򵥡

ﶼ˵ʲôѽʺȻֲõԤС
˵ġ䵭
ʲôʲô˵ģ
и˵ġʷɶžģ, ·Ȥⲻʹ죬
ǲԤǿҡ
䲻, Ļȴʸĳ˵뽻ԼҪٲ£֮ˡ
ɵˡ
㾹ȻϷˣ
歶ĸ΢΢ü˵һĸ, Ƥ, վû˵, ˡ
ǡô, ôô͸Ϸأʼǵĵڶ, ˣ൱ڱ֮, ̾͸֪˳
˵ʱݸҲ֪ܿˣǲһġ

һٺޣ鷳, ˶٣΢΢һȻ϶ˣȻӦø߳㲻룿ΪΣ뷨
ʣ
϶֣һӽΪ䣬̫Ứ˵ĻȴӲˮʸе۵ͬʱҲϲԼոǾʻƺ̫ãԼЩˡҲ㲻ˣ˵е⡣

æûСǸ˼Ȼó֪ġԣϷ˻Ϊ
ָָ䣬ָԼϸָ
Ϊң
䴽һкЦ˵ء
ʵָĸˣˡ
歶ݷ˭˵Ϸ˵ȥݣΪ֮⣬ҲʱԳ׵̬ȣһղףһղؾĻ
һӵ֮˵ţ̾͸˻
ĿĲԶ

ȷݸ˼˳½ǹϵת䣬Ӧ˵ּɡʳȥʼɬΪ֮⣬ܿҲӦˣһ˳ļֱ˼顣
鵽˵ĸоˡ

Ϸ˵ͻȻ˴ֲݷ˽ӵʱϷϰֻмյ·̣ݷ˸Ͻ˿ӱ޳ȥӭӣͬʱҲٵæµ
ʱ˾޴Ľ֮С

ϷǸʲôˣ𣿡
ûʲôرϲû߼ɻ䣿
ҪעЩʲôأ
˽ﳯ歶˺ü顣

̫̫ͦõģ˼ٶеƢҲˡرϲ֮ģû˵Ӧò̫ޡ
㰲Ҫţûκ⣡
歶ĵĻشʣ
Ȼ歶ԼûôϷˣϷ˵˽ʸ಻˶٣ȰοԵΪ԰

ǲǱˣǲеˣ˼Һϲװֵģʹԣü𣿡
֬ζ̫Ũˣһ㶼ϲˬһİɣ
ҪҪѣҪׯؾЩġ
Ҹ˵ЩʲôأϷϲĻǰһЩģ

ָ뷨ʵѹȥǸðͷҹ﷭ȥԳߣֻҪעʵڲʤ

ʵһֱ򾲣˵¶³̣òš㵱սز죬ദʱòƲš俴ζ
żò׼עʱʱ䣬⣬Ҳһְˡ
Ǽá
֧θʺϡ
֬Ũˣػ
ࡣ
ڵʹżӶֱгһվܴԼλǰഫŮɫĹӿȻ
ƫƫһ˿κΥ͡
ðɡʵҲشС֣ЩԤϸСĸı䣬Ȼ̵ͣˮɡ䱾ǲͬģκ˿ϺƢԵ£ʵ֮Уؾȣֲ֡

Ϸ˻ϲ𣿡
Ҿòᡣ
Դ硣
ݷ˵ȴδʵݣ˼Ҷ뻹ǱȽģݹôһӡ
ˣҪ˻ݺƱػ״߿ࡣ歶˵Էɷ˵ʣһԼжʣߵԶģţ
ֻϷѾΪ˲ӡ

ʣ·룬ʵΪλ뷨
ʱ˵Լ˼ǡ
ˣȥѽЩ֪ĸҲȥţ˵ĸΪϸĸżִЩȴǲ㲻صġ
ǡ
üͷ΢ȻȻ˶ܵĸϲ㡣
ʣ
ðɣڿ佱ɡ
ȴ˻ף˱Ƚϡһ٣ܺãദգû˻᲻ϲ㡣
ʹէ֮ףȻô¡ϱ߱ʡദʹ崺磬á
ʵʵڵĿ佱ˡ

ʶһȣĵԭ侹Ҳ˵ôĻȻ˸ˣȻֲеĲĵġϸɫȴֻϿƶ
䲻˵ٻ˻ĵˡ
ʽıôһ˵ʱ˲١ô˵Ҳϲ׵ţó
££µġ
ɣƽͺˡ

˵ǵ¸صĴ󳤱ǣ㡣һգʻǺúôһ
ͭӳճŮȵˣѣţԣΣţܺãˬױݣţҲû⡣ʱͺÿ˾κ󣬸ǴԼˣ˾ޡ

˼ǰһ
һգݸݷԺУϷ˴ݣصظ˼٣һȥӭӡ

ۣСպƯ歶е
ʲ˼ЦЦ̲סͣˮƬ̹
˶ЦĽšϷ˴˷ҪΪҶ֪ҲûεıҪ

ݷסʵ֣ģǶء
˶º͵Цݾ歶վԣһһλСɶҲסȭͷһ࣬ʽ㣬ģ
Цӿů⣬֮ల١
Ȼûм֧ţûѪԵϼ˵ֺ֧֣ˣݸˣǼ˸ʤˡ

ӻˣϷ˵ˣ
˷׷ȥӭ
ͷǽʱڡһȥ
ϱҲҪţûʲôµġ





84.     


ЩʶϷ˽, ֪岻ãݱΪֽһ, ô꾹һֱδأ, һˣ, Ƣִ, ˵ᴵӵۡ
Ȼ, ȴȫͬ

Ϸʮһͷ˿һ֯𻪷, Բ󡭡˵ʵԲģҲԵӺݻʮԲ󣬴üĿЦʱ, ԶԶȥ, һͰЦ
ȹؽڲã·Լ, ȴ, , ճ;棬ȴƣ֮ɫ

С̧Ϸ˵ס, һ룬ϷȴУ˳ݸģһϷ, ڽﻺǰС
ϷǰԺʰ޺ãһȾԾɰϷԭȵĸδģһӦҲϷ뿪ǰõЩϷ˿ʮ⣬ƵƵͷ

ȴݷ⣬λ븮йܼ˵ȾδϷˣǺһѡ
Ǽ񣬺ֵ꣬Сˡ
ӭʱѼ񣬴ʱݾλǰݾΥĸ

뾩ʱСѾͷȴ绨ĴˡããϷסݾ֣ϸϸЦ档Ϸϲӵ⼸ŮҲһ۰мӡ
ĸء
ɶǳμԼĸʮֺ棬ŸŮͯ˫٣̵С磬ͷϷˣתתȥ
ѽʱ㻹ûءֻȡġϷȻʮϲɶֵĸߣĸúÿǵɶ
ɶ㰤ȥϷߣϷ˻࿴ĩˣɶȻһЦϷ
æɶ񡣡
ĸδءɶ
ϷЦе˵ǡĸֻҪɶĸࡣ

ɶſϷϥϣϰϷ˻ССıʶᣬĸ㣡
˶ЦϷ˸ǹЦϲ§סɶݾվһԣСĵĻһһ١
ӻЦ

ʿһĻԼĸĸڣԼҲлϥ£͡
ȻоһĿ⣬΢΢ףȴ俴·룬кЩᡣ
һů΢΢ףʾԼ¡
һĻ㯣ȴô뺦Ϸˡ

ЦЪݷĿͶʣЦСʣ̫̫
ݷĿкŹ֮⣬ҲЦĿ
ߵϷǰ

ͬʱվߵԣ
ɫڵĸᵽСʡ
Ŀ֮£ʲת׿䣬УΨӢĲաһƽźȻɢӯӯʩ񾲶ȣʼϷˣϷ밲

Ϸ˲ܻ䣬ϸʣдӣһǺӣ
Ϸˣǡ
ĸ֮ӢһģֻϧԵһϷ˵ͷʣϷ·ŵЦݣºͣ˵ϲӣˣҲлˡ
΢΢һ
ȴϷ˽ŵȥȡѾͷˡ
ʹȡֻµκУĸŮһһͷһʽʶһģһֻԲͬ

ͬһл֮һ˵˻ϯϷˣǲɢˡ

ϷԺУΨʣݷڸǰź˵
⸮ǰһˣݸܺãáϷں󣬿ڵ
ݷ˽ӹŵһԣЦҲǺӵһݹͣԴ󣬸࣬⻰һ˵ƢԵȷܹǱĬиõĿͷͷ𡣡
֪ǹʲôԻһĶϷ˵
ݷ˵Ц
Ϸ˽ŵŵǸúӡģ̬Ҳ񡭡ǰԼģұҲ˵ʲôˣֻһ㣺ƫԣ޲Сݼҵĸʲô˶ģ
ݷ˲ֻЦջЪЪãתתϰǰڰСʵ£շպ˵

С԰ڡ
ʿǶüͷ΢塣
ô죬Ϸ˹Ȼϲҡ
ڣüʾ˻

δڴϷǰ׽ͰϷǾ䡰лл㡱ȴʮ΢ʲ֪˵ֱϷб𣬷·ĳ֮⡣
ûرųҲδĽ

ĸˣĲϲһˣ׼Ҳó˵
ʿ԰һ㡣ٲ
ʽСĵպãʱ뵽ʲôһƳˣ΢ֶӺζˡ
β΢⡣
룬Ʊʵǧ֮Ķָһһһġ
Ϸ˿ƴüĿȻʱ΢б͸¶ΪӣʸҲһЩȴƵġǴĸء

΢΢һ٣ЦҴ𣿡
ʲԾͷüͷһ۽ֳΣյĻȣæڵֻʱһʼͦõġ
ôһ룬ȷҲǡ
ͬһʱ̬䵭֮⣬Ծɿ䵭ȴһ˶ԣʵһ㣬һݵĴˡϦദ͸˵ˡ

˼ˣʺȻһ
㣬òᡭ
䵹˱裬Ų豭ӱͶȥһƳ
΢죺òᡭǸ˼˰ɡ
΢һ٣ʻ֮⣬ʧЦ
ʱŶ󣿣
ŶҲǡ
һ룬ʵڰ಻ס̲סֵǣǺʱʱϲҵѽⲻ˵ãһ˵̲סཹðݡ

ո٣ѵõķɣѵƣƻҫУӳ΢˫ۡ
µգ
Ϊʲô
̬ټδֱӻش𣬹ⶺһʵ
֪ͣ֧վе㲻˼
ôŮӶϲ⡣ĵ
ţ˲侯һֱ䣺˭ʹ㣿
һɲԺӿͷ纣˰㱼ڷӿĪǡѵ

ЦǰŮŭĿԲľģһֻСè˿̲֪ЩʲôֻתתȥĻ̲סŪȻȴҲ֪ϴⲻá
û˭ֻͬż̸۹
Ŷ
ʰһ
ֻʹ
Ŷʶֿʼˡ
ôһԭʵ㱻ƫˣˣҲҪˣ׷ס

ǣ̫̫ϲôأ
ĿǰĵĻ⡣
̫̫ңҲôϲҡϾҡֻҵŮгһգȢˣϾ
ʱૣһ㣬һȻһ
ϲף̧ۿȥɫȻˣĿƶ

˵һ飬Ȣ˭






85.     

δ㡰ɫˡʵ, Դ˹ϵתǰüʱʱЦ, 鲻ԽȻȻġԿϰ, պʱ֪, ˡ


䵭
ֻ߹ȥ, ĥĥ䵽ǰ·ֻص˴ǰʱ, һֲ

Ȣ˭䶢ʵ۾Ȼʵ
ҧҧæֻǼ衭Ҳǿܵ, 𣿡
һֱݼ˵̬ȶһִΪΪӣԼδȥԶĶϷ˵Ĺ, ʶ, µȷһֿܡ
룬ȥѹǳ֮, ҪԵ, ŭ⡣

Զˡ
ǲЩ˵Ĳס
, Сʣ
һβ, ͬһֻ㹳ʵĸ߸ߵ

, ʣָסʵ°ͣʹò̧ͷע۾
۾ֳֺ׵̶
û¹⣬ȴ·ʢԡ
ʿ䣬һ˲ƻصŮһգ¹µϡ
һյͳᡣ
ҵӣֻ㣬Ψ㡣
ˡʲôȢ
ˣ
ͷ°ͱţܶʶ󣬱ſڣɤӷɣ΢ƣˡ
ɼסˣ֪ΪΣԽˣ·ҲЩ΢ơ
סˡ

ôţֻҪ˵ľƺԽԽһĪΣգôȥᷢʲôµ¡
Ϊֲֹ֪ĻңϢˣϴһΪ𺳵Ķ
ԲҴˣٲ˵ֻˡĻҶסˣˡҲ˵ˡ
ʷɿ˵꣬Ȼ֣ס䡣

סһ
ʷӦͷɲһƬհף찡ʲô
̱Ҫ֣˺ȻǾ䡰ѡҪ볷ȴûôסʱһѰס
»һ

˫ֻסʼ米ŹϵС޳խʸ߳һͷ˱ţ˶
𶯡
һͷ嵭ȴɤ̲ˡ
ţܰģ
ţȻ䣬ƺﶼԶȥΨӿڶϣ֫ٺıޱ
ǹ⣬ӳӵճƯõһμӰ
ҹؾף˼ᡣ

ȻһðʧʹӽˮԴſһ̽ȥˣԾ˷ˡ
ٿȻƿ˷ֿ

һſڣջֱۣĴƺڣƽһӵڻ
ֱ̧࣬ͷ
ȻͶͱȻôã
ҵأ֪Ҫ

ȥߣ΢ķΧ
̧ͷ棬˵ˡҵûȥˡţգɢɡ
ʱʵ磬ʵ̫죬ҪϽܿԴͷ侲һ¡

Ҳδǿ󣬵ͷȴԾɿ·˼ʲôƬ̺󣬿ڵԭŵȳ֮¸һȥסȻ㲻ģôձ㰲ȥ
ļƻϣԼܹ뵽ﻮµκƣʵڲԻһ磬δ룬¼ƻ

һ
Ӧæ֣Ҳ˼ûвġҵ˼ǡ㲻ȥס
ίʵЩЦãǱ˵ʲôţΪ˵˵ŷ·ͱ˱ƻ顭ģ޴⡭߾֮£״ˡ

û˼ףġңʵҲû̫׼ҲҲҪպһȶˣǣٴӳ飬׼񲻸á˵ء
ϸɫȷģףáͣһֵͣĸջأݲ̸ۡҵһȣҲʱ䡣
òȥáһá
æôԡԲҲãΪ·ġ
кЦһʵĶͷ˵ʲô
ʵźϷ˲ϲңûϵŬϷϲͺ

һֱݸ̫˳˳ˮȻԵãĸҲǣˮûκϰֵ谭Թ԰׷
Ϸ˵̱֮ˣҲˡʵϣϷ˱ƣǶˡҲóϷ˲ζţŤתϣġ
üҪǿ
Ц֮㲻ҪˣţҰɡǶңĺˡ

ʴľҲٿȻ򿪡շվüģĵġ
Ȼʵ֤Ҫֺһˣʵ治̫סһʲôȱˡ

ǰϷݣֽΪį˲ܳ룬Ϊ׵ĻϷ˻ģصݸϷϥ¶ﻷƣãÿշ޶ٿС
ÿȥ밲ϷվɿͿģԺö϶һͬʣȴѵ˵Ͼ仰
Ǻã
е㷢
ԽʱԽóȻ£Ūɳ׾ʵ䷴ʵҲ꣬ÿ״򲻶ʰҲǿðͷֻƽĺģʱ価ϷߣʲôΪϷġ

ŵţˡ

һЯϷԺУȴʹһλȥ
˶һۣϽȥ
ϷԷУϢ˲ţϷһ̵ֱʹӵѯʡ

ʹӴϷް⼸ʳ񣬳Ե١
ԭϷгԹߵĳӣ˴λؾδһͬʳ侫ܵȴϿζ
˵Ϸ˿ζҲΪأ˴మ嵭ʳעϷȴɿڣƫζһݷζݳӱʿϰҲ嵭ΪϷ˶δϰζһʱԵӦ̵ģܹ鲻̫ζ

ʹӵǰϷ˵зϺõĴբзϷȴֻ˰ֻ˵ըСзҲˣУȥͷЩǲϲ
ʹ̾ϷʵЩ˷

һ֣Ц˵ѽֳɵСڣ
ָָʣʹӻɵĿʣô绨ĽС㣬ѵóҳ֮գ
ʵ֤ˮɶ治òࡣ
ʵĻˡ

ʱʵδ䵱ʲôֺõֶΣֻǸպóϵ֮ζԿһϷ֮಻Ұٷְٱ֤úϷ˿ζϾζʵ˵׼
ǳз֮ʣ۴բзСзʳĶ׻áѾζϡ

ΪݲͬζģһըúԭζΪףʱ֭һõϣϣۡ
ӲӻƳγΣ۵СըзˣϷ˵ķ

֮У֮⣺ֿζϷ˶ʮϲȫԵĸɸɾδǰԤʳ˱ҪϷ˳̫࣬ʳˡ
ʹǴΪˣְˡ
ȻӦʣϷ˵Ŀζٸʱڣ˼＾˳ԵĲʽϲˣϷθڴ󿪡

ʹǲδֱϷʵԵϲʵԸ档
Ϸʮ⣬Ȼ̫š
ѽСʿɻˣֳȫʵ͡歶ŵĿСãǶϲĶղԱûţĺء
𣿡
ʵǰ˻ѣ岻˵֮ʱ͹ʱըСϺ֮С̫̫ûвġ
ˣ̫̫ʵĿ㲻ôתЩ͡ڷʱҪм֡

벻ǺӵգǸиġ
Ϸ˶Զϱ˵
ŮӵĵУʳһԴ˼һЩģгʹӣΪɷϴһϷ˻Ϊ⣬иͨյ檣ʳΪܵ

䵹ͼݷЦֻС£ҪϲʹʲôǺĺãûƢ鷳
ߣΪôЩԺȾܴҡϷ˴ըǣԿԽţδջҪһըһ㡣
ݷЦá

Ϸ˺˰յ裬ֿڵЩⶼΪھ޶ٿڱӣǴǰ
ݷ˵ڣӦĹ⾰
Ϸҡͷһ汲֮񡣶ĸյԼȥݹϹӢţݸˣҺӹӹµµ޲ܣƫ
޲ͣŷ粻һɢɳ뵽ճԹЩʳϷվЩ档
֮Ǿ仰Ȣû⣬ޡԾɲСţպƫ֮⣬ð䲻˰ա

ݷ΢΢һЦ¶ʱԸ˵ɡ
Ϸ˲վĸףô
ݷǫұûõĸˡ¸أ׼Ըġ
Ϸ˺ɵĴݷˣ⻰ʾĻɣҪģҲᱻĶؾϷ˵滹ҪеģյȻҵſɡ
ݷЦеǡ

Ϸ˹ϵĽչʲδڴŤתֻʳгѰһջҪģ˵ʲôʱ㷢ӳصá

һգʳϽ֣ԤȥѡӸɱЩεˮ
ȻҲָͿ˱̫̫ȫȡϷ˻ġ֪̫̫ģļ
ңʱԵġ

һؿȥ

öظ·̲Զʶδݳһ·Уתһס
ʿˣ̶ס
˵ܲ٣ܲٱ㵽

λҪѩЦĳǰ






86.     

, 
һ˲Ļ㱣Ȼףи֮С
жδˣ׼ȷ˵, жδˣʶļ䣬ͣһѩϡ
һʱ, δκһˡָһ㣬Ǻüꡣ
⼸, , ˵Ҳ, ҲӲμǣһΣһһݡ

Ʊȴǰ, ͷϸơѩ·Щ̬䲻ǰİ衣
һ˫ۣ֪Ǵǰǡ
˵۾ƭˣ, װ

ʶ, þò
ȿڵ

·̲Զʽճֻܺͺ, ˲ϵ, ֪Ϥǰݺ, ̾ǰ
Ӵ, ôǼҹ˾ŮòǶɡ¶еЦݣֻǴ˿ЦЩǿ, м仰˵ʶɷһ˵

뺣һۣδл˵ɡǹûȥˡ
ʲôʶݸţϣһܽɣЦţǻȴЩСģʣֻģ˵ʶģᵢʱ䣬Ҳȥ𴦣Ա徻ЩСɡ
ܻˣҪİա 
ѩδ̴ӣֻǰԿѰʡ
˵ѩҲڣá
Ŀ֮Ƽ

վƬ̣˳ͣڵϵͶĿ⡣
һǰ
ܵ
ʾ£˵߰ɡ
漴ߵԶΪƧС뺣ڣԼ˺ѩ߽ڡСȴ泯֣ʱ˾㡣Ϲ컯֮£Ҳ

泯վŶˣҪ˵ʲô
δȴȻѰڶΡ
Ŀĺڣ
ֱɻʸô򵥡
²Ը⣬ҲòϣʼҪԵģףԼ֮ΣѲ˸ϵˣǴ˷ţΪ

ѩ˸񣬸һ

մĸŮżިֶ֮֮֮Ρÿި֮ʮ飬ܻ䣬ݣк
ѩĴԽԽࡣ
¥һѩȵĲ衣
εµƷϡ
ײһʻϡ

֮յި֮Լĳ¥һ

¥żС
ި̴֮ӣֻˣ򵥺֮󣬱㵥ֱ롣
һ֮
մި֮Ǿ䡰Ժ߶ٽЩʱި֮ѩ̬ȣɣ˿ԣʱһЩš
˳´Ժ⣿
ި֮˺α֪ʣ
֤ʵв룬æһŮүµµ֮ܰ˳£ʵڸ߿ϸˡ
֮жգ˻֪ġһ֮ǰϲӰ죬һԶɽӹһֱδ볯͢ϵϡ

ި֮µµܣ·̡ʷһ䣬ԸԶ㡰ż𣿷˲⸴ջԻ𣿲һ¥ЩԽԽеԼǹǰü𣿲ĶŮҫ˸Ʋ𣿡
⻰䵽ϣֱ顣

ǰֳʱδҰĲ̶Զɽηӷ׵ģϵ޵ĳЦƷ׵£תȴˮǴߵĳ˲òϥľ̬⼸ݼ޵ĴѹӵıԼ¡
л汻ȼ
ȻδɥʧǣǿһЦˡϸҰģ
ŶǱǱԽˡި֮ĽϣʵԸ֮

Ŀ˸˶٣лº⡣صҲ֪ݸӸƣҪݼӵġһ³Ϲϵ²ס
˱˵ߴި֮ɫֽš
⻰ʮֲ֮ǣպݸףݸӣֺοȥ˻ˮ˭ʤδ֪

ި֮۽΢ɲһԾɺ˸һֻ֪棬δࡣ
˻׷ʡ
ϢҪݼ£ǲ׼Ϸ˶ʮֲϲ˵ƫ
ӹϲ˵СûôԵ˻棿
ި֮ϷѰпʼ࿴ŻŮӡҲ˶ãᱻǲͻؼҡ
ˣӻ
ި֮Т֮ҲԸҲղһңʼΪݼϲٿҵ̬ȣպ̸϶ҡ

˱ҲΪݼҲ鷳ˣ˵շֻǾлˮ¡δ뵽Ϸ˹治ϲСӡި֮ϢȻ١
ңҲΪ˾ô־ʸݼҾ͹ˣһ֮֮ϣ𣿡ި֮Ƶ
º⣿˵ľ
ֻҪһ֮³֮ѩйΣ

һըڶߣ˲ֱԼ˫
Сй

ʵѩãǴʹԼһҪԭ򡣡ި֮΢һ֣ϾһĨΡ
δȢޣѩ֮ѡ
˫ĿԲ죬Դھ޴УȻި֮Ľֲ͡áԭˡվסˡ
ţ޴ľϲӿͷ
йй

Ŭסòʵˡϸֱԣƣƺʤһ˳ܡ
ި֮ˣԳһĨɫ¹˭֣ܷԺãԷͷѣڸеλԼʵ֮ˣܿ˭ơ

˼ҡѳɰȻϿƺߣǰҲȷʵ˳ʥƫأ˳ʵййĸ˴󽫡ô꣬Σʵ϶С
Ҳ¸߷ˣֻҪ˴ηһ֮⽭ɽ֮ݡި֮ˣ
ͷһ⻰ĺ壺мıֻҪ֣±˳С
˳⣿ϸʲô
˴ӦˣԻϸ֪

˺ѾĿ˸ͣ¹شûȥú롭ҲҼү
ǡި֮΢΢һЦ˺úÿպٸ١ѩģģʱ־Ϊġ
ǵء½ԣŵġֻǡ⣬̫վǲдһ˿ǣ²ƽĹĶǣСС֣һãҪԴġ
һľ֡Ӯˣһ֮֮ϣεȵķ⡣ˣި֮һĨаЦ䡣

˻صҹʱԶɽ˵˴£Զɽŵо𣬲ιȥ¿඼ˣɲɡ
һηηҵӾ˴һܣֱ
ڸжֹա
գި֮Լ֮

˳Ҫʲô
˵Ϊá
кã
ʱٸ㣬ҪȡΡ
ˡֻǣʵС㡭ȥݸұֻ²ô˵
㿴ıˡ
ϸ

ǺһգѩȻǰ






87.     

֮, ůС߳ţԡںɫ, ֵЦ֯
뺣վ, һ˳⣬ͷ, һ, 䱸עԶˡ

ս, һһ밵ڲõŶ, 룬ǳ˸һɫ£
˿̵ݸƼᾪ, Ǹ߸˵ģ, ˵Ƶϳı鼸ûС

Ҳ֪ô£ԭΪǽʱѾ, Ӱ, ȻԾ˲ĥĺۼ, һǣͱܵ, İڳ˵ʱҲȫ̬

¶Цݣڵ˵Ůʮ˱, ˡʶĸ׶첻ˡ
δ
⼸꣬ȥ㣬ǲ룬ݼҲã㡣¶Σ£Щᣬô꣬л͡ʶɻԹţ

ЩδˣвɣȻйأҲȷ£΢΢һɹ 
ȥˣᡣʵ֪һĿģ£ȴ̸ȱڶѣԽ̬Խ˺;ĿģˣҲĵȺ򣺡ʲô£ֱ˵ɡ

ʶˬ졣ãĸҲֱ˵ˡɫȻתΪ㸸ײˣ
΢΢һ
˺üգһֱ֡üͷɸ֣ɫݣǼ˻ᡣ
һԵѩһȻģ
ʺȻеЦȷʵһ˵ݼôòûʲô
ŶںЩ𣿡ʵ
ǺЩˣһֱ߶㡣˵ʵڿſ˴ȥ㸸һ档
򴽣δ˵

֪չ˲ܣԼﶨԹ㸸׶㣬۰ġȥݸʱڣݼƴ޿κΣͰӻȥˡһ㣬㡣
ʣۿ죬УЩ꣬ҲʮֺڡöЩͳôӣʹˣۿǶ˳޵ͣᵽһ㡣ңչôЩˣչһš
˱˵עɫ޴Ȼʵ˼ȴû档

룬ΪҪͻȻ
没ٲⶨȻֻǸڡ̬ȵĸı䣬ΪݼңʸΪڲƹϵǰôӣҲȫҵƽӽʵĻᣬΪȴȵڣ
νڣǼ鼴õЩʲôأʲôأ
£Ǿױ¶ʵĿġΪ֪ͬ⡣ҪΪ޲˸飬ʱ˵

˼ֿܣһʱĬ
ĬУȴһֺͷϾûһڻؾѩʹ˸ɫѩһĨԸת˲£ǰһʵãǰ㲻£еĵطոǣô˲С˹ټǺޡ
ѩС洫ݰΪλ
Ŷޱ飬ʾˡ
ѩ
ѩҧҧУôñȥһɣãѪŨˮǿֻһѽ
ѽʶҲǼʶ

ʵڱһʶõĽеĲһס˿ڣ򴽣΢·оᣬԥ
ѩһۡ
ˣʶ
ѩá
̧мɣңȥɡ
úúãżñӸš㸸кܶ໰˵

뿪СѩĿӰʧڴȺС
ޣǸӣԼ˭ǷУ뽫˺ѩʱףŭĿԲ߲ѡ
ĸףҪ˶ôܲˣ
ܲҲܡۣȻҲδйʺ󣡡
ѩֱͦɫ仯֮쿰ϷӣתŭΪϲ°͸߸̧𣺡һ֮£֮ϡ
СҴıйнʲôĿ¶⣬࣬гɴ̬֮ΪʺһУܼӱ

ѩ˫۷Ź⡣ҹʧߣú˯һˣȴֵһֱȣ޾뵡
û뵽콵ˣܳΪδĴӺʺ󣬹֮ĸһ뵽˳ΰΣ˫ϵаЦȡ
Ĳʺͼ޶Եƽ
ʲôݼʲôʲôԼ˻ʺ󣬶ͳͳڵأ̶÷
˳ʧ
ܸԸԼԸŵ¡˳ܣһᡣ

ˣװĻʺ
ѩԣ

ûţؼҺ㽫¸䡣
ҲסС԰µǶõйص£صرעͻرʲ˵ܺͺҲңԼҲš
ԤУĿĻݼйء

գǡԺ֮ҲڣˣȥϷˣϷ˵˺ûС԰
ʵ˵Ժ֮һۣԺ֮ˡ
ʿŶˣʲô
Ժ֮ҶƵδõʵϢ鸽֮£Ӧȷɡ
һ䣬ͷȷϡ

û뵽ġ
֮УҪ
ݸ·ҲѲ˸ϵվĸӪվʲһһ˵ǱϲӣϴѣʲôΡһ롣
ѴȻĽ׶Ρ
ʲôʹ˴踵ð֮٣

£СʡԺ֮
ʲ̫⣺£ʲô
Ժ֮ϣָָ䣺źߣȻͷʵĹϵȴǰΨһ׽ŮӡҲָ̽ܣǿɱҪʧˡ

ʵͷ븸ͨ⣬Ӳ̸۹£Ů죬ڱĪпɲĳ֮⣬ʮЭʸǣ۴ǰӵƣһ˿ġ
̽ܣȫ׷˼
ΪҪ¹أ

ѵ뽫Сڿؼȥԧ죬вȰ䣿ֵɣùԺ֮㲻ʮ¶롣
⻰δ룬ȴ̧᲻صɨԺ֮һۡ

Ժ֮䵱ȻںСʣвȣֱӰСʣαҪһ٣֮أ
ɻ벻ͨĵط
ѿڵұӦǣһˣǾΪ
һֱδ˵̵У
ţ
࣬΢΢šüԻʹ㲻ùܣҲҡ
ǡʻ˵
ºͣȴŲɵζ

˼ͽ£Σաǰʲô֪£ʻԹǣУҪŪǾҪʲôǷ䲻ݼҲ
ˣȫӲ
Ҳ΢΢šüһʱδ˵

Ժ֮ҿ˵ĳĬһСʵ鵹С˵ꡣ䣬֪㵣СΣգ£ʣΪãô±˺һڻؾ˵ἤǸƫֶΣʤ˳ƶΪһֱ̽ԼЧķ
ڷʵʮֲʱǣУ²Σա

䣬òᵣСʻң㳹׵꣬ȥٲ˰աԺ֮Це
һϾֱ̬е㼱Ĳģһģᱳ㣬㣡ҷġ
Сʺÿɰֱذ
ⷽԼ˵Щʲô˫շ죬һȻ
ôһȴ˲٣ҲЦ

ңҵ˼㲻صģûµġʽ͵
źߣСʵȷ˼֤Ժ֮һ͵
ʣ

ĵôߣҲ֪ʲôʱʼԺ֮ݸƵˣû±䣬ֱԼˡ
˵ʵ㻹ߣ
Ժ֮û˵ء

䣬֪յľȨ
һָڷ˼ʣҪһǹʵͼζ޻ء

һ㶣Ļ֮⣬ˣҲᵽĿġ
ʵĽӴάϵһǴި֮Ҫºި֮֮㳹ʵ
ܿܣ³֪
˵δ䶨ʤʱ̣Ծжϵˣ֪ި֮;֮ĩ
Ͼʼˣ䵣ʻѹ

гů⣬ȶԣ֪ˮʱйֱǸԥ
ѡȴû̫о
ûʲô飬Уڼǰѱ˵ĳףġûһҲӦٻκιϸ

룬ҪΪԼѡ𡣼Ȼѡ·ر˳ܺ׼
ʵֺγǣ
ѡվԺ֮ӪҲͬζſܻʧܡһգһ𣿻飬
ܡסԼҫŸǰɡ

ȻĵҲǲ޵ʶٻһ˼ǵģ޸飬ȴҲԸ㸲
Ͼĸ游µļµļҵǵĶ󱲡
гɣԾɿ˿ڣԺ֮˵һգԣܷһ
߽ʣº͵ĿԴ
á˵
Ժ֮á
΢΢̾˿ΪѪԵ֮ˣҲԵĸ游ˡ

ǣ˼±Ҳö
˼Ӱбʣʵ˵ãȻãʲô춯㲻顣
ʱãôһ˵ŪĽ

֮ʽˡ





88.  ˰   ˰


ĵصѡڻ¥  

ԭ˵˼ʻһ, 룬ʸԶɽֻǽ, һӦ  
ȻǱ˵û, 漴Լʱط  

һգʴˮɽ, ¥  
¥˾һĴ¥, Էɷ˹˹, ȴҵһ  
¥ٻǺӶˮԣï, ֲٴȥ羰续  

¥żѵȺʱ  
˼λ⣬Ȼˡδˡһˡ  

δ̫仯, Ǵǰģ, ϲվѩԣЦֹԽФѩǫ, з, ϵһֻĽ«, ˫Ŀδ˯ѡ  
ԶɽҲ, ӷף˫ۻľܽĲ, ʮ㲡֮ϴμƺһʮꡣ 

ʶк  
úãòˡ  
á  
ǫЦݣ 
˴ǰҲܲʣѧѩ֮ԱǸ߸ϣǫһβ֪ʣɷ˵һţˤֱ˺üաȴ·ǰһɶȵĽá
ò˵˵ӡ

һЦĺ޲
ǫȴĲӿ֪ʽȣȻô棬ֱۣܵ˼𺳡
ľګګСŮ𣿼ֱһֻƯķˣ˲Ȼʧɫѩ֮ȣʧ֮ɫ

¥Сϲ赹ˮһæµ֮˶ȥˮɽҲ⣬ſš
˵ײˣɺ𣿡
ʼԶɽ£ʵຮѣڻҪеġ
޴󰭡ʶˡԶɽĿⲻȻתʶӡ

ЩһЩмʣۿˣϣԽԽõȣԵǣˡ
˵Զɽмֲ붷־ЩѶ
;⣬ԵΨһǧȾƽɵԼ˵ϣдȨһƿأ˵㡣

ϵ֮룬ǰҲķݡ˳֣ܾȴ޷ֹˡһ˵ȴ־ãҲʧΪһᡣ
ٻȫϲϷӣµ۵ǻʱһ˭Ըˡӵһȴôȥλܱܲס˵
˳ƣȻ򲻵һ̣˭˵׼׼ͷأ㲻١
绢Ѩɵûӣ᲻úײǡ
һѰɡ

Զɽö⣬ȴڼʵһ̣дĲ
ϾҲŮ
£ζݼң³ضӴΪݼݣҲΪݡԺ˵ȻһҲ֪
ûа취ԶɽĵΪķٸֻжԲˡ³֮ΪΪЩŴա
ΪЩһֱܹ㣬κȴָ𣿡Զɽ̾Ϣһص۴Ϊѹ

ԭҲϷˡǰųܣٻһġ
ʾһ˵ʲôܣܿ񣬿ڵǰֹ֪Ҳû취
ֻΪܡԶɽǣݼҿ֪
ֻ˵䣬ͷѾ߶ĸ˵ġʵҲܴ̫ʱ䣬һûȥˡ
֪ڿʼ̽ýϣڸǲܾл˵⡣

˽ӿڵ˵֪ΣԼǣݼһŲɣ
û˵
һתЦ⼸꣬ݼҴ㲻ɡԴöȣݼǼﲢ޶¡
ʵţⷽǵȷ󷽣δң統һ
ˣ
˺ǺһЦ֮⣬ѵݼ㲻ֻı湦򣿡
ԾɵģҲ㲻ãֻǼ£վпӦ֪ġ
ˣ

ֱֻûȥˡ
ԭ׻ȴ˳ϣػʺɳӰָȻʮ޹
ǰ˲ҶԣֻڨЦŲȥ

Ժ֮˷󣬽ʵӦ֮˷ͼˣôҵһȱڣݼ϶ʶҺáƱػ̽ЩݸԼʶݼҵк̬ȡ
һϣʼȲ˵̫ã⽫·಻˵̫ãδⲻšģɣ·ܺãַ·Щ֮Ϊ˵֮š

ס˼Уضв㡣⼸꣬ҲΪˡԶɽ̾
Сô̲Ĵ䣬Ҳ֪ʿɶֹ¶ڣ˿̱΢΢һЦʵҲãֻǲ֪ôˣǰ̲ס˵Щ
ԶɽһɫЦŶţʶʲô£ǰǧҪţһˣվߵġ
ʶ˶٣һݼҴңܵ˵ǲġ
һݹأΣ
ˣĵ

˽ŵݹӱǰ㻤㣬Щ곯Ϧദģعϵƺ˰ա
ʳһ˵䣬еɬĵͷ

˺ǺһЦͷݹӶŴ١˵ݹ԰һ鷿һɲڣ˶ʾȴ룿
еʶʲôû̴װˣ豭΢΢ͷˮһɲǣɨ˿Ʒɣʵ򶼽Դڽ״̬ʮ⡣

ѽʷ²豭΢΢һЦʵݼҲ룬ֻҪŵСףͷҲ𣿡
æˣˣһ䡣
ѩ˵˸һ㵽ΪֹЦ˿㵹Ǻá
ȴᴹдһ˿꣺ǰɣУ𢣬ףΪҪɡ

ϸüëһɫȻ˵ʶĸһ㡣
£
֮ͷ˵ݹȢΪޣĸҲ㿪ģͣһͣ˽µõϢ˵Ϸȴͬ¡ʶ¿ģ
ԳһĨɣҧҧݡ
ʶ£ԶɽѵöϵĿǡ
ʱͷϷˡ̫ϲҡ

֪˵ʱߣǲϲ㣬Ұɡߡ˵Ϸ˽࿴Ůӡ
ʲôһ㵡
ɵѾͷڹءݸ¶֪ء
ݸ¶֪һ֪ĵ ЩϷθڴ󿪣ÿ춼¶ٳʲô˯˯˳񣬱˵࿴ŮӣԼŮ١

ʴţһȻܴģ
һϷѡһֻ¾Ҫͻҡ
Һ㸸ţȽȥõʱЦȥ
ֻ˼

ȥ溬ѹɵʡ
ѽϷ˹ݸҲù˵ݹӵŵȥ⣬ҲܹȻΥϷˡϷǿнͻأҶСһƻŮԺҪˡɫĵ

ǣ˫ֽľᡣ
ȻҲ˵ԣҲݼҾʹ˷ϾֻȻȥסʱ䣬պϷͬţݹͣٷĻȥǡֻǰڳ̬֪Ҳ޿۸ġ
ţĸ˵ĶԣȲݼңᾡ㡣ʵһԶɽڳиŵĻ

ˣɫһĨм
ʶչΪһˣẦ㣬úա

ˬƵᣬƮɢŨĹ㡣߳¥һĿͷգʱһᣬ¥ǳѹ֮ɢ

ǰţ˻治ʱ֪ΪΣȴеƣۡ
˵ģ޷֮ĸ㺡
ԭԼҲϷ
˵ѩα䣬ԼҲˡÿ˶ϷӣӵߣԲͬˣΪͬ棬ŲͬĽɫ

ϷʵǼ£̶ôһķѾ֮޴󣬼ֱһ졣
ݶ˻ã˱ˣᣬȴҪװϲҪڱΪߣ治֪Щ
踺ءıһǾ޴֧š
֪ި֮ʲôĺôһųηĸԶɽҲ˵Լ
ǸĸףҲѳʧ
Ҳζţ·ٻͷ

㡣
¥ǰ£ˮϳһƳʲ㾪
ꡣ
Ȼ䣬ʳָڴߣʾš
ʻ⣬˻δ뿪ʱ˵Ӷ¥æµϳ³

ޣ뿪ϲڡ
ôˣ
һȻӹֱӶҲ֪˶áʻδشֻʣϸɫ
գգۣһƲ죬ֲСӣô¶첻áô𣿡
ǡ
Եλá

ʱȥ£ר̹ʲôˮɽţ㰲ŵİµ㲻
Ȼֹ
סһֻ֣ؼҡ
ЦвһʱɢΡ
Ŷ
ЦӦƻգʮָۡ

¥¥ߣ˿ݸʧתǣջĿ⣬صǰ

û˰ɣˡ
ǫ˰죬緳ˣһߣȲҪ뿪¥λСС˳·ȥơ
Ҳȥˡ¥оƮ磬ԶɽоƳһȥ
ʣһ磬Ҳãȥ˯Ҳˡ

ת˲˸ɾΨѩĸŮˣŶ
ǰգ˳֪˶˾ļƻ
һ鷿˲ý룬ȴȥ硣ģĳЩż;ڱɡ

ĸף˵𣿡ѩڵ
Ƚڲؼңȡ˵˵
˵Ը𣿡ѩ磬ʵǰϵ̫ӣ֪ˣӦԸġ

һӣŮˣܲ⣬ҿŰɣѿ֦Ҷï˽ŵߣտݸҲ紫ǰ˳⣬ûģȻҡߣ˳ͷٴ߻һ£Ż
պ󻹵üֺĸףҺ÷ѽ
ƣ콫˹Ҳȿ־ŮŮҵĻʺͰɡ
ðɡ
ѩί죬۵ıĸŮ˱˴˴ͬչõδ

С԰ڡ
Ժ֮Ҳͬһȥ¥ֱݸ
ԷɷҲڣڲԺУΧСӣζĳõǣԼС

һʱЦ
¥ȣȴʳʼδ꣬ʱȴθڴ󿪣ϴ֣Χȥ任ѹһƤ

˵˵ɣҶ˵Щʲô
ˮԷ£ţš֮£δгţȴδԷɷ

ʱ㿪ʼδӰжϣʱжԻԼ۲쵽¶һһ
Ȼ˵鷿ʱԺ֮һ٣̧۶ӣ΢΢üԺ֮Ц

ԣ鷿Ȼҿʱ⣬ȴʵʺܽšʵ
۲ĺϸܺáʵ
Էɷֱһϣ㿴䣬ƽһˡ  

΢΢һȣһָԷɷɻǰǲǲǺϡ
Ժ֮漱ˣգٶȴ֡
ʼȻ׶Էͼ΢ģȥ

һβСıóѣжЩ࣬ȴҲϴʱеߣݸӱֱϳ⣬ٲû뵽ֶ˼Ͷ·ˡ
Ϊϲ䵱ʱһ£Ǵ˼ˣǱިֱ֮
Ժ֮ƣ壬Ҳ֮С
歶һԲأʲô˼ʲô
Ժ֮һۣδԣ㳯歶͡

νѲ⣬ǰС£ʥϼި֮Ժ֮ͬ룬ި֮ؽ̵ȴڣתԺ֮
ԷԺ֮ݼңݹ⸸ӶЩศɵĽ븶ʥϸΪΡ£Уȹ˵дС£ʥϵ˼֪

ި֮ľսǣͬΪػ߾Ĵ󽫾½ΰ̣ݹȴսʤʥĴãݹҲΪء
֮£ȥѯʣٲȻݹΪ佫֮׵ơЩżʱֱɹ𷢳ʱ˽壬ͬݸļһ𷢳

дʽٻ½Ȩӡ
ζʲô
Ȳ٣¹رȨ¿Ѩ磬һ紵ݶ㹻֮ɫ䡣
ԣҪƿЩϢҪκε˿Ѱ١ʥ⡱ЩԺָָ֮棬ǰ鷿
ʲôС˵Ӻδˣ°ˣš
ۡ歶ϵıʾ̾Ժ֮һЦ

֪Ժ֮Ļ䲻޵٩֮⣬䳣鷿칫һЩż鷿֮ڣȷЩҪ
ˣި֮ĿѲԶ

ˣҲˡ
歶ۣСʣҪϸ
æҲġ
歶ιһֻõǣ֪㲻ᣬ㣬Ŷ
Ժ֮հµǿǣָ棬ЦҲδǼ¡
ţ
ʼ̧ۿԺ֮Ժ֮ʣͷȻһһͷ

Ժ֮üͷ΢Цһơ
صһ²豭죬Ժ֮
Ժ֮䣬΢΢šü
Сʣȳȥһ¡䳯ʵ
ҡ
ԡȴŲ๵ζ
Ŷ վ

Ҳȥ⻰ǶԷɷ
ԷɷƲƲ죬Ըһϵƣʲô֪ġ
Ժֻ֮ƣҲһ㣬
Էɷɷ˸ۣӣֻվһͬȥˡ

űϡ
ԺȥŲԶԷɷɲбʣҲ̫˰ɣ㽲ɲС
ι䣡ֳзִ磬СҲǡţСʣ

ֻʺȻȹڣתСèţ߻عرյķ⣬ŵɽˮֱֹ꣬ȭʾǧ󣬽ϡ
Էɷɣ

˶һۣѧϽȥֻԴյһǽǡ






89.  ʮ   ʮ

, иŵ㡣

üͷ΢šǰ뱭衣
Ժ֮ڵ䣬ҵ˼
俴Ǵɫյ, ɫ
Ժ֮ע, ŵƣѵؼʱ, ´ָտɴ;ĩ·, Ҫһ, ҲҪһᡣˡֱ
ûз, ͷȴҲСǣ

Ժ֮û⣬·ϵˣֻһƶѣСʲʲôΣա
˳, , ǽʲô
Ժ֮Ҫ鱨, ڹǽ, Сʵ·ԻȰź, ȷȫˣԲ, ⡣
üͷԾšš

Ժ֮üЩĬ־߹С, ˴ֱֱвͬҲ
飬
Ժ֮Ҳٵȡ
̧Ժ֮ӡ
Ժ֮Ϲеȥ䣬֪Ҫס¾㱸񶫷βץסȻ˵Ҫȶãһꣿꣿ䣬ѵ̫꣬㲻ۣһ㳾䶨׽棿
㲻˯ȾݹչңݼҴӴ˰ȻСһհԼӣ
ķڣΨԺ֮ƽȵһŲ豭Ŀӳű³ĲҶ

䣬ʵҸǧѷ꣬Ҳսա
˼Ƭ̣ڿڣҵСʱж·ģκվκΣա
ʧȥĿ־壬еʧأپһΡ

Ժ֮䣬һʱ޻ԣ֣ľʦıԶ֮ϣϾհԶŲߣҲȴĹִ
Щˣĸ֮Ҳȫġ⡱֪
ΪԺ֮ҡҡͷҲǿЦ벻㾹Ҳᡭ

Ȼ죬ͣ½̸ȥȻ顣
һ򣬲ˤԷɷɵͷװоԼıӣ歶һǽڣֿǽƤ
ΨվУ䣬·ֻôվţ鼱֮£һУãȻ״Ķ
䣺

˱ݡ
ޱ鿴ˣ˾㲻ӣԺ֮Եûô¡Ժ֮˵ɣ˶٣
歶һ㣡
Էɷɣû
ʣȫ
歶
Էɷɣ
ͬʱʣֱ޻˵

Ժ֮Ȳ裬ͲȱһҲҡҡͷдЦ⡣
˫糺죬ǹ͵ֻ漰Լչ鰴಻סġ

䣬ԾΪǾ·Ķᵴ
һȷΣտɲĸףʵļУȫеĿ־䣬ȡ֮ǵõģҹױȵԼķ⡭
ϸʧȥӰʱܵģ
ȴδǣ˲ĥӰ
ǽ͵ʿԶ֪¶Ӱ֮֮С

ȻȫôСʣ㱾Ǻ뷨
šüбԺ֮һۡԺ֮Цһ̯֣˼Ƿˣֺη

Ҫע䣬һҾ´˼ƿС
üͷԶɼһ壬ȻС
еġʵƾͼƣҿԵġ
˵б㲻СЩ㲻عܣ㣬ǣҪͽ
СʣҪ˵䣬ϲŭѱ棬ԾƽƣºͣȻϤ֪ÿ¶飬ζŲټȥسԲ˶ߡ

ȻƢԣȻ˴ȴ
ǲΣǱѽ
ĿԣԾЩţȴδá
һԺ֮յڴϣԷɷ歶վһ࣬ĪϢĿϴתǳμ˶ŵĳǵһμ㡰ǿӲ̬

͸磬Щ㽫֮£ԶǷǣһ徻ڣ㽫ǱĺܺãϣԶҪǣ֮Сǣ㣬ǣԸԸ⣬ǱУΪһԱѵ˸ϵ
Σѵ£Щ㶼һ֮ˡǰòǣܰæĵطΪβǳһ

ű紵һխ죬һ͵Ůʵ̸֮

֪㵣ңա͸磬ͳˣǵ겻µС̸̫Ӧ䣬úñԼġң͸Ҳᰲźãбң𣿡
䣬ǰһվǰʼտʣһָʶս

ſڣȴ·֪Ҫ˵ʲôһڼ
֪֮⣬лǷĲ£պѹڣϾϵļˡ
ʵϣ˷ȫվ˶棬ܿܣ˷飬Ϊסײϡ˼ˡ֮ز١Щ䵣ķΧ֮ڣ֮ڣԶס
ģĸ˸ܡ
ϣһѹպ󱳸һ˿ڡ
ϣȥĸ֮⣬ûΪ룬΢˺ͿеС

ůȽĹǣʮ֡ᡱ
˵ĸ飬Ǽĺڰʧĥʧǲ˻ˮһǣҲֲİ˰㡣˵ͷһңϣȰ˵ʱͷȻǵĿ⣬֪ڱУ޻ͷĿܡ
ǺԥΡֻǻơ

ǲ·Ҳ̤һ̰ľ֮
ʵ꣬ԶɽϷ˺ʻؾϷ˻ؾˣֻ˵ĶΪ꣬ӽ󣬸ᰲðա
ʱĸѿһУĸ£ֺαǿ

ʳƬ̧̣ۣЩı䣬ȥЩȥȥǰԺ󣬲֪Σֻ֪£ҪôҲӦô
͸磬ЩҲ۰ɣԣһ°һչ㡭Լӣô

һƬףΨʵУһ˵ô໰·໰˵ַ·Ѿˣ˵˵öѶ

侲ţɫԸӣϾһ£ٸı⣬Ժ֮ҲܹȰ˵Ȼʣ˫УԼ˫֪ԼѶҡ
˵ˡ
˵ˣһ̣źȻоˡһɶ£ºˣ·ǣûûΣҲϣģȻ˳֮£ȴʲô
ģģȫ֪ȫԼִķʽͼ磬ֵ

ôһ̣뽫ŮסȻڣʲôҲ
ã¶ġ
Ǿ仰һп˺㣬˭Ҳ顣
һͬˡ
ʵʱЦ˲Լͬһ

ԱҪƾͼƣݷ𣿡Էɷ˷ܣأҪʲô
歶Ͼ֣һң
Ժ֮ЦãŴʲô֡
Էɷɲʲô˼Ʋ𣿡

歶һԷɷɣ˵˳Ҳ֣ͺ𣿡
Щ˻һǻֵƺݵ𣿼ǿ£ҲƱزҺӹȽʵĹǣԷɷʮÿǳѸɴࣺ֮¿ɲҡ˵˵ҪʲôҿװСѾߣ
һֱŮΣ彭ȴҲֹʣһΡ
歶ҲԣСѾߡ

ʲô߰ģʧЦװҲѾߣʶǣһʹҪǣֻðбһ˵ģ±ҪƾѶôȻʵ
Ժ֮һͷ䵹˼룬ҵһȡ
Ժ֮ҲӦͷȻѵһضֽ㾲ա

ûе̫ãպڽϣһײ˸  






90.  ʮ   ʮ

ײϵ, һŮӣϰ¥֮һ
òݣ׿Լ, Ȼʧصֿ񱼵ƥŵ֮ʱ, ײ䣬˽
һ, ÿ
ﻨʧɫ, ɫ԰, Ųģҡҡ׹Ҫˤ
䱾ȥ
˳ץס, վס

û°ɡѾ߽ѯʣ̧ͷ䣺лݹӣ
Ŀ¶̣绨վŹԳ, δ, ֱָۣš
΢΢ü, һ, 衣
·Ż, ĿмݹӣлݹӣȻҪֳˡ
΢΢, 뿪
ȴյùȣʵм֪α𡣴, 빫ӣر
˵űһ˿˱ǡ
Ӣݺޱ飬С£ҳݡ

һޱ㷢Ͷַ飬Ŀˮ䣬ݹӿɱ°ɡղִ٣չӵÿգ¥УԱƣл
ע⵽ｫɷ˵УȻһЦŹӣȻȥ
ָ˿ȥӰüͷ΢΢һ
ؽ߹صУС԰֮ǰ˿£ӵմȾüź㻻ѣ

ֹգӦμһͬᡣ
ʮ֡
ϯʱͬźһŮӹЦݴˣĽݴ˲Ż꣬üˣŮ֣Ҫһ
Ǳ˾Ů歡
ׯãﺬ飬Сһԡ⣬ֻΪһƽԸѡǡѡȴ溬ߣﻹݡ
̧䣬ϵôŮ
ȴٴȤ֮öžƱĿ֮£ɫ죬ȴãǰһҧݴˡĲ֮⡣
Ƭ̣΢΢ӹƱһ
õʱЦտ෢һƬЦ

һգڽˡ
żѰ

һƧ
ɫУʶ㻹ðɣ
¶ɻ
˵ҵĹԹԣ㻹ʲô֪ء˵ǰЩݹӽͷһŮܣ̸Цĸ׻Ϊ㣬һѽѽˡ˭¥

ʲš
ǧȷ˵ڽͷǸ֮ǻͶͱ߻˷ݹӣԼٰѾԻء
⡭⡭𾪲ѣԲš
Щ˿ģм١ѹһ£Ҳ֪˵ɵŮɶĴŮģȻʾݹĽ֮飬֮ͥݹüĿ飬ﲨ

˶ʻȻף˵ݹӵں˾ƣݹӲδܾжڴݹӶֲŮɲŮòŵԣǲǺ½ɡһ㶼֪һ㶼ûв𣿡
оţŴԣ૵ѹŵ㡭ѹֽոо̫ԡԭ
һĴȣͶˣ
ãȻˣǣǣ˰
㲻ˣŵĶ֮һмܹ˹ء
ЩΪͻȻðǰҿġ
Ϸ˻֪ݹҪȢˣԾͶ治ɫߣҲԼʲôݣ¥ҲҰ

ɣһȥʹû˵Ϸ˽࿴ѽ
ҵɵŮ˽࿴֪Ȼһг䶨Ż֪㣬ʱֲҶ֪Ϸ˵˼ˣм١
ʽɫ֣̿Ŀݡ
ĸ׵㣬㡣ʶ̫ѹȻȥٴô¡УؼǣԶΪ㳨˫֣УõĴĸе
ţáлл۾΢΢졣

գ¥
Էɷˣɫݣڶ¥ż䡣

ŰڣһӰ

ȿڣͷЩҥԣѨ磬㷢ʲôƢֳʲô
򴽣ǿѨ磬ʵ顣Ϸˣǣʵֻ֪ҡ
ƲƲ죺Ҳǿ㣬ĸԸˡʵҲΪá
ΪҺã̲סԸѹ˶ٸ𣿡

üʲôΣԹŻ£ĸ֮ý֮ԣĸҪΪֳ˵㣬ֳ˫ףҲΥԹֳѲֳֻܶһ˺ãֻȢһҿЩݼֳ̫ˣߵ㿴Լ˭˰ա
㡭㡭
վʲô㣡㣬ܾˡֳֵݸðұҲˣðЩԼݣĪպȡ裡
ĲУҲܾˣңҪֳң
ߣȥ˵ɣ˵ǹֳ˭
԰գҲˣﳤȥ

ۿ죬ǰҪᡣ
Էɷü𱸵ʲôܹãûô
ʲô˼ʿԷɷɣԱҵ𣿡
ҸԷɷ˫ĿԲʣΪã֪ô
ΪҺãͻȻһЦǺǡ
Էɷŭˣʲô˼
ҧδסȻվһߵġ
ǣԷɷŭЦվһôˡ˭ûе
ûеˣʡ
㡭Էɷתﶼûе㣬ҲܾˣԼСĺã±ˣܹˣ

ҲվһҲҲܾˣΪԼǹ˲Ҫ㣬ҲҲܹˣ
ѽ˵ʵˣԷɷߣ䣬ŭѽһܣ
ʣ
ʹǰһŬʹ˭˭
Էɷɣ
Էɷɺ޺޵ŮˣĹ㣡Ժ

Էɷ䣬һӳȥϱѵ죬ŵͳͳһ飬һ߿ţŭȥ
סؿڣǽ壬Ƭ̺Ȼǰſϣ

ǵӰҴȥ

С԰Ժ
ԺԲ¸µƹҡҷ
Էɷ˷ܲѣΣǽձֲɡ

ͷƽԷɷ˳죬ԼǳȴǵһΣû뵽ȻеѶȣζ֪ʲôֻø˵
ʣЩɱȥֳȻֻһ˺ãֻȢһˣ
Էɷ㵸ۣСǾ䡮ﲻˡһʱҶɵˡûвҺһ飬ɻȥˡ

˵ʵʱЦпӦԣԷɷȴ󰴳ƣǰ򵥽һ֪Էɷɸδκθ壬ȫٳӡ
ҲġܡһΪҪ򡣡ҲСһ
ôô㣬Ż
ǵι᲻̫ѽ˼𣿡
Էɷɺһ֣ľͺãҪǽ̫׷ϸڡŰɣ׼ɡ

歶ָǺð
ͬģϽ𣡡ԷɷɵǷʱȾ̲סЦʱҲ˲ĸо
һͨ䣬֪ĻΪʲô˲´¡Ժ֮һ䣬ƤԳ鴤뿪ˡ

û歶ԷɷɵˣȴԾɲܷɣȴģһĻϷ

һգ˱Լʼ档
Լ·ϣֻæδæ䣬ƽɫҴң飬Ҫ¶౶ٵĸ־ҲࡣӲ˵ӲңԶɣ˳ᢡ
뵽ʱİη塣

ʶҿĺ㻹𣿡ʣɲ˫Ŀͨ죬һʹģ
Һõĺĵȴ̴ͷȻΡ

㸸׹ˣżȻ빫С˵ɢǳˣʶޣ۸㣿ʲôίɳĸ˵

̧ͷ˸ʹĿ⣬̲סס˫Ŀ
ĸףҺÿѽ
ԭ֮ǰ˵ĶģǹȻҡˣҲҪȡ֡
ƽ￴歶͹ĺãʱ򣬷֪ġ
ʵһֻԼ֪ܣʵʴδҵѡƽҷСٰã⣬ʵ಻ԡ˹ؼʱ̣˭
ֻˡ
ǼٵģأʲôǼٵġ

¶һĨϲУѹںظϣĺӣίˡ£ǼٵģģԶļˣӣɣ㡣
Ŀ𣿡̧ͷʣףˣĲ⡭һȥ𣿡
ʲô˳ʣҶءǰ֣ȥպһ˺úһҲܰί
ʳ޲жѡ
ãҽձȥ

úúã˵ʱϲտֶݼұϾ꣬ݹ֮£˵׼ݼһǲҪȫһԺ󡭡ĸҲ룬һ䣬Ҫ˵ԣ·˵԰ɡ˴˵ؼסգȨɢɢġ
ܵлʸм
һ˿ʲôĸͻȥ׼׼ʶ

Ǻ˳µĴ߻һ˵ȵľ֮£һнչ˳˫ڴķչȥ
˶Ѹ٣ڶձӣʻؼһۡ
ͬʱҲݷؼסա
δݷˣݷԼĪµЩȴδʣӦ

ϷҪ㣬֪ס˶ãȶܻҪʰһġ
ֱʱʷʶһ¡

䣬Ҫֿˣ





91.  һ   һ

һ¡
ݸ, ʹδݸ˷ֿˣһԺס, ճϦżȥԺסգмҲܼ, зֿĸо
ҪصԼϵļ, ȴ֡ҡ֮С

һȥ, Ϸ˻᲻ϲˣʵǵ
ò׸̫̫ϵ, ôһߣǻңϷ֪˵ͼ, ֻ»ɡ
ûвϲ㡣
ûвϲҲûкϲ΢΢̾Ϣ

࣬ҹգŵӰ
𣿡ڵ
Ȼѽʴĸء
̫̫ϲϲ, ʲôϵֻļ, ϲһˣȻҲϣõͬ

¹ü, ⻪, , Ṵκ, Ӱ֮䡣
Цȴ򴽵ǲһ
صģĸϲ, ҲףҲҵ⡣
ѽѽ𣿡ʱֵߣ䣬һϷ˾ǲϲء
ûһʮ˲ϲ㡣

̲סЦһθо˹ϵıĲͬǰһҲܿģ˳⣬ѰĿġܣġ
ԷһĶһƽĻö˵ҡ
˵ദȻתһ׶ηչȥʲ¼ճദģֻү㣬ǷޣȻͬ׽ģܣ˴ͨĸоơڶԷǰҲֳȫͬӡ

үⲻ䲻ȣ²ʲģʱȴˮ޲¶ˣˡأһʱׯ磬ˣܵүǰȴһ̯㣬¶ү㡣
ʣ䣬ԾСӰ㣬ˣ붺档·ʦͨĳϣ໰ſڼһ˲֪

˵׼ʹ죬һһأϷ˾ǲͬ⣬ô졣
ʱ֣䣬˵Ӱ֮߱ע·档
˴ԣüͷ¹£ջ̣ԳǱԶ߸߷ɣ˼ȥ
˫ۡ
ȥȥ䷴
Ϊ˽˼һʾ˵ЦȻתһ룬ȴֲǲܡˣ·ʲô֣·ʲôó
ȥЦ㣬ĺǣﶼȥ
ҲЦǰŮ紵ȹں޷֣ΪߵĴ

˵֪Ȼߵ˽һ·Զ⣬ǰ·ġ
ЩæûϷˣ˽罫Ϸ˰Եļ˽̸Ҫ뿪Щʱգ˼ʳ;ƷϷһڸ

Ѹ̫̫к㲻ȥʱȥиˡ⼸պúϢһеڡ
ݷ˶ʵ˵ʵҲΪһʱ䡣
ʱճһ飬ɢ

һɢʻصԺȴС԰һֽᣬϷԺС
ԺżСˣҪͨȴ֣ʾĪֱ߽ȥ
ڵƻҹȴҲ磬Ϸ˻δ˯¡

߽ȥʱϷһֻ͹֭ļξٵߡ
͵ļ䣬ʱ󾪣һεСϷæҽ̵СһһչʵʵסС̩Ȼ״䣬ôˣ
䣺

üͷ΢ȥϷ˶ϣʲôʳ
ϷڨڨһЦϳ̣ŻϣˣԵ㶫ÿɫ
ϷЩ֣ȴһ򿵽ʵĵ£θڴ󿪣㣬ǰЩûнƣһСĻʳҽʿҹʳòơԵ٣ҹȻˣõʳȴƫƫײš

ֻ˶ˣ
һźֻصûءô顣
俴һۣͷֻܳһ顣
ôԣϷŵķæúúãҲʹһġԹû

źϷ˳һΣֺȹһյ裬Ϸ㣬Цôˣôˣ
㽫һԵֽóָһƣʵϷǰСд˷ʳ

Ϸ˵ʱ˫Ŀһæ𣬾ŵƻչֻֽ֣üҳϷ˿űֹסзҺȫͷá
Ҫǣʳдʮ꾡ϻԲ˵ǰʲôˮ㣬һԼһԣһҲȫһϸ΢ȻϷ壬ζơһСĿ
ϷԿһ飬պãЩӱ㿿һڸˡ

ľôң
Ϸ˿䣬ĿȻ֪ԼǰΪôһʳʻظ֮£֮£䲢δԴҲ֪ˡ
Լš佫˵򵥸֪ᰲźá
Ϸ˵ͷʲô
ס

Ϸ˿һ䣬ŵȷǸúӡ䲻ϲңЩӿͬЩˡңպݸҲԸ
ǣǾ仰޲СϷȻУΨޣҾͬ⡣
һʱδ˵
䣬֪Сţ£㶨ҪĸģĸẦ㡣

ϷҪ˵ȴڣĸȻΪҺáֻм仰ĸ
ʲô
ʮ࣬СΪĸΪΣϷˣעĸ˫ۣʵ
ڼڹ޿ޣ޻˵ϷгԵο

δȢТҵĸݣδ֡
֪ͺáϷ˵ǰƲͬԿˡ
šĸȢޣ˳ɼҵ֮ʣΪ𣬻ϣмأ
ʲôϷ˲üȻҪҪȻϣи֪֪ȣ֮ˣɪҵҸ
乴лĸĸΪ˸أ
ϷˣȻõĹ

Ϸ˰ԺĿΨһĵС죬´δü˲ٹģΪΪңҵҵϹᣬԹԡݼһ˳ƽֱ񣬳ȴԼսպ⣬û
ǣǰļӵܴΪ
ģʧȥģ֣ܵϷ֪ܲ
ˣϷ˲Ÿϧֻ뽫õĸ

ףĸġҲϣҿĿֵġ
ȻϷ¶ʲôϻı顣
£ý֮ԣĸ֮ʹĸףȥʹףǽԡŰ䣬ϲľͳɡĸһޣΩԸҺãΩԸҿĿ֡˫볤˰֮ҡ

̴ǶˣΨһ࣬˵̸Բҳ
һ裬ŵϷǰ
ĸȲ衣
ϷȴĿ裬֪æԵ޹ҹԼлзȻȴ죬·̸ֻң˴վԡ
㡭

һ䣬С󣬿ĸĸҪʲô
ûС˵һֱڸ衭ϷԼоˣ
ȴվߵϷǰһ

հĸһ£֮£ɰԼ
Ǵǰĸ޷ȻСʣ±㲻÷ܣý͡
ĸϣҿĿ֣õĸҡȻ϶кŮǧǧпܲòƢԣʤСߡЩٺãڰУСᲢۡ

ҶԣСɽѩּ磬һ޶Ϊ֮ϲ֣޿
䲻ȢѣȢΨѡ

˴ȥŮݸϲӡս֮ʱϣܴ֮񡣡
Ϊ˶ʮأ䲻ʮȫʮٶһ御ľΨһԸĸȫ

һ°ݡ

ҹιҶȻƮ䣬еƻҡҷҾš
Ϸ죬ȴδһ֣ǰɫȻ֪ʮɱУ֮һȫվԼǰϡս볯֮ӢˣվԵԼҳЩɱֻ֮಻жȣһǫǫӡ

ȻϷ֪̬֮֮£ǾݣŮѡҪ񷨣ִ£Ҳ޷
ǰ˵⺢̫壬֮һĮӣ֪ˡ
Ϸָˣ꣬ЩĪĲһʱ֪Զԡ

ĸ仺غС԰
һ紵ҹеˡ£££ҹµӰ
ܾûôһ˺ˡ
֪ʱÿÿҹһ˫Ӱ

𷽲ĸǰ˵֮üģʧЦ
֮һ֣δʱ·֪һ֮£ܶʱ˶ԣ룬롣ףҪɵģŵԣý֮ԣྴһ
Щֹ꣬ˮǰУҲδʲôá
ֱСʳ֡
֪֪֮֮һ֣絶ۡ

ʵҲûб䣬ԾǸ侲Ͽᣬɱ˲ѪıƣĶеĺȨԿһУȫҡŮӣ棬С
ȻСʣȴ·һ䡣£໰鲻Խĵк
ʵе֡
ȻɷϣΪЩʻ
˿·Щ꣬չػĳ̶ֳϸıʵһж໥ġ紺绯꣬Ҳı

С԰ڵƻͨ룬Ժ˹·ڵ˹ңһЦ
еˣǲȥˡ
ߵǰֲ˲Сͭ壬һǴкʾ˼ˣЪˡ
ͷ죬һӰɱ

¹£ȹڣЮ磬֮ãܵǰ
Ȼһֱڵ䣬һȲҴܳ
͸磬Ҹ㽲м¡





92.  Ŷ   Ŷ

Ŷʲô£ 
עŷɱŮ, ĴˣͤͤȻüۼԾɴһɺͯĴγ, ܾʱ鶯Ȥ  

ʱ˺һ, ͵˵Ҫ˵ʱ, ȴе㲻ԡɻ, ȴֿʲô·, ոᡣ 
ôʷ 
һЦûôҪ˵ʲô£ 

ϱעҿ, ̴ǶʶȤܿһ۾Բɷɸϲ˭ˡ£˭   
Ŷüͷһһ紵, ɫ, ȴȥ˵ͷˡ  ˵תԺȥ, æϡ 

һ, 㰴಻ס, 佲  

ԷɷǱС԰ϴ¥ʴһܣڳ֮, Ϊһֻ͵͵ʡ 
歶һЯΪʡ׳С, Ժȵ˴ԷɷɺȻסʣ˵һ̡ 
һ֮£ʱʾסˡ 
Դ֪Էɷ歶кҪͻʣȴһֱţִ̽˽һֱԸг 
ڵȵˣȻȴ˴㵡  

˭˵˭ 
Ŵ죬޷ξ޴ľãȻ  
û˵ӦǸū歶һ㵣ǵǸū 
֣½档Էɷִŵ⣺֪һ 

ֹһֱֱ˺ô
罫֮߰˰ˣūʱڳڶūֻϡǵþԷɷֲͣòΣ˭־ŵģĻעô࣬ǽԷɷ𣬾 
ôһ˵ȻԷɷЩ֡֡¡  
ܾԷɷɸǰȥ 
Էɷ߷ūʶ̧٣İ޲ɱƵģȴԾܣٱİ 
֣˵ͨˡ  

歶ʵû뵽ԷɷɾȻϲһū 
£Ϸ飬Ȼȴʵ𾪡 
歶ȻվԷɷߣȴԷɷ۸ڶΪȥ˸ݲȴʮǧūҲ֪պ·ض谭
컯Ūˡ  

Ҳѽ֮ѿذ
ԷɷѹʱΣ񷴶һ̹ģ׹֮ʱңסһ̣٣֪ΪΣǿ̺ǣ˶ʧˣؼΨҡһĻ  
˵£ΪĶһ̣ʱôãԷɷ˫۷·ԾС  
ΪԼֻǵʱܾȣȻȴţ̲סȥ 
˵ϲһ˵ĸоұ֪ˡ 
ҲôʣͼɱȻȫûášûˣҲˡ  

ʱ漸ֲţԷɷˣȶȣһʱѪأԣ֪˷Էɷɶġ  
ʵ̫˽Էɷ˵ؼΨ˵ĸˣԵҲգվȻ֣ˮ֮Уϡ
յ¹⣬СţյһУ  

˵ţһϲˣҲǼ¡ʵ  
歶һʱҲ֪˵ʲôΣ뵽һ£ū½  
½档æѡ  
½أҲһ˼ô歶ʵ  

ŶҲ뵽ˣԷɷɵƢԣزҴţͶ½⡭Էɷ½ʱģʺȻֲԤС  
ȻԷɷһꡣ  
ϵľͷ񣡡  

歶Ŀԣ˰죬Էȴδ飿ϲϣȻЩѹԴ˵ȴʧΪһ£ܳ½ȴδӡѹԷɷ⣬ǣ
ΣҾܾҲһʿˡ  

ʵĶ½˺档
ߣӲģˡ²ҪǣһֱһūԣСʣм£Ҫæ  

ȷе˵Ҫæʳ˵  
䲦˲С¯е̿𣬷ˮĵҸ½ıһݺͳ·  
ʣ  
ʵô֪  
ɫȻڵһ֪  
ʼֱһ֪Էɷ˼ϲľˣʵĽȫûа־Ⱥ⣬ȫȻģǰϤ֪  
æҲ·֮С  

˲ð׷Ѱ࣬ĺŶ  
̾һ͸磬ʵ죬̫û˼ˡ  
һ٣Գ½һΣҾϡ  
ʲЦǵáϴѾ֪½𣿡  
ϴʲµԷɷ֮˺ģ˼˽δ֪ʣˮʯֻǺ棬ô֪ġ  

ԷɷȥԻϱҺȥײԷɷ½һ𡣡͵ʱԡ  
һΪԷɷɱϾ˴ӺҲԷɷΪѣЩԷɷȥĴˣʱһãҲвֻע⹫ȫɡԴͷδ¶  
½棬˰й۲졣  
Էɷһʱˣӳ顣  

˵ף½ݸ֮ūԷɷʰæ֮С  
ūūģԲں۽Ըʣ֣øһ  
Էɷ֣ȴзִ硣ūվý  

취ѽʵ  
Էɷ֮ˣȻϣһ֮  
֪ˡ  
ô
һ϶Ҫȥ½ū㵹ѡأ½һʲôأֱֻӽȻ̫ãԷɷֱӽ˴ 
һ£ֻʮֺ棬޲֪ϸøԷɷɣġ  

¯Сཹ죬ˮˡ  
ˮ뵣ˮ̣ʣޱվҪȥȷҪһ̸ֱ˵ĸ𣿡  
һ㶣ȻЦˡ  
أҪˡʳ°ͣЦģ˵ʲôѽ  
ûʲô˵ģ䷴ʵ
̸Էɷ½֮ʱһֱһζȻģ˿ȴþʡ

һ룬˵ҲڵʱҲҪúóԷҹ䲻˯̫УҪ£ѥӺͶ񶼸ñˡţ͸磬Цʲô
乴Ц
ûʲô˵
ЦⷬҵСӰ㣬ȴ֪

еɻ󣬲˵ʲôЦģ˵ȥ߶߶ģЩƽ֮¡
žЩʵʵҲûʲôҶʮ¾ͻˡ
š˵ˣ
ʵͷ䣺͸˵ˡ

üû˵˫ȴһֱʡֵĸоˣܾҹе㲻ԣʱĽ·ţ㿴е⡣
ٿȻЩ졣
һδ˵ȴ·˵ǧһж˫۾
͸磬㡭𣿡շȣ
Ծδ˵Ծô

е㲻˼ͳͷֿôգ˵ʲô벻ѽ
㡭ȥ𣿡̲ס˸ֵ⡣
һˣδݾߣӦòᡣ
Ŷ
ôһʧתһ룬ϾҪܹôգܿ͹ȥˣҲûʲôϵ
ǱȻˣָ߸˵ģ

ɫˣ˵˻ỰʻزԺһ·ٴζ԰ȫΪκβԣԱ
ƵƵͷ

ұ㲻ˡ
˲Ժſڣͣ
šǣټҽȥˡ

վ˵Ҫȥȴ˸һһ̣ͬʱо˶ԷŨĲᡣģЩڣôӦƻ˻δ뿪ͷ·ѿʼˡ
ɫɫ·Ĺͷᵴ
չҡ˵
Ŀ֮£һͷĽݡ
ԭվһת߻Ժ

գʱ





93.     

ǰݹ, һӣݸҲǲͣҿͿ, ʻص

ͬھǣȴڲͬĽֵЩ, ⣬, ʼδ̤ڽż, ҲͣЩ, Ǻεģˡ
ִ
µó̧Ƽ鹣ļ˲両, 뿪һգΡ

߽ڣϤİĸоΪǿҡ
ֻҪɣһ˵̫ı䡣ϡԭģ, òƱȼеҪխС, Ҳࡣ
Ϊӭģɨ, Ϊɾ

ʶδ, ˷, Ҫúÿ
Զɽȥϳѩ͸, ӭʡ
ܵǰδеŨػӭҲ֪ǻˣʱͷֲ, ԭЩɷ䳰ȷǣ˼ȫЦ棬ࡣ

Ӵˣ˺ūǶɷˡ
΢ЦԶԣʱ¶п֮ɫ

Щӣס
ԴţһԺ䡣
ֳ֮⡣
ⲻǴԺ𣿡

ݸȣʵ̫СˣֻȼԺԺȻԶɽ˵סһƫԺסһѩСʱסԺ᷿
ЩɶֵһԺʣһѩҪȥ
ʵܵһСԺҲ㡰øԵ˲Ըֲ˿࣬ԷǼķϵСԺʰʰޣӸ

ѩ⴦Ժٽ֣뷽㣬ǰǺ뻨԰۷羰֣ʮֳɫѩԵãԼȡ˸ֽӳѩ綼ԸͬססԺڡ
û뵽վʡ
˴羰ãѩ׻صڳס˴Ȱ
ѩ
ѩЦĴжȣðסţȱʲôʱ˵
ˣлˡӯӯһŸм뻶ϲ

Ǻʱӳѩס
һģɽˮ밲֡˷ȣģֵ˴ҲΪͬ䰲֣֪ʵ֣¹άмӡ
֮УߵЦӭڱ
һãŶ
ػ˰Σ̲ס̾
һЦ޷⡣ᵹˣ޷

Զɽؼһ˶١Բ䳡濰ڣһɺ
ϣصعѯһɲʲôȱʲôغú÷̡
ѽ
ˣϷţʱſϣȫ붯

벻ĵһѹؾȻ֧
ҲûʲôǳԳԺȺȣ˵˵ЦЦߣƽݸԷɷɵһʱ²޶ٲǿȴΪȴۣ
ֱľƣ
ʰպȥϷҪһЩϷʵ̫ˡ
ӱضٻкüգϾҲãʮֽһǵĿĺҪδ̫١Ʊø飬̵棬ѡһǡʱ

˺üۣΪʣʵмӡˮȴʮϵһߣԡﲻϰźΪɣӲʩȫߡ
ֻԼɽˣһ⣬һ䣬šͷʡ

⼸ձˡֵ˵Ըӱˣ̫ʵϣȫݡ
һ죬û취պպ˵ɡ
Σɳ

ֵͷ˼ٳǰʽ˳֮£Լεļƻ֪˰֣̾һδ˵ʲôЩһ֪⣬ֻҪްҸ㲻
˷㣬ضӦǰɡ
ʵͷĿǰΪֹ
ôм£óôʱˡ
£
ִյʶߣһ
ҵĶǲҪǵģǵû
գһԼƻ޺ͷ˵ǡǹһԡ

˯£ĸТ
ù緹鵽԰ߣѩȻ㡣
԰ʮֹѵţһͣ
ǰʴǰסСԺӡ

ʴյ֮Ͱ¾ɣţ쬵ģ뿪Ȼסѽȫǽ߲ƣݲƬ
ǿڡ
ϡ׵Լ£ɹ̫ϰң
˵ʱҸ˿ڵҩǰٻش˴һƬƽͣĻްһھʱ⡣

ѩһۣһע⣬ߵˣе㲻Ȼ
ʱţ͸㰲סطʵЩ˴ɫʶĸ׶вܣ㲻ỹŰɡ
ĸܽңʵݣǣǡʴʶΨим
ʶ涮¡Цʮ⡣
ȵʶһ£ĸ̡ʵ
£ʶ˵
ʱ¹ĸƲ
һ˶ʱһݣ

ֻĸһؾ²ƲһΪһֽĸ׷䣬ֳͽǣһָңĸױܺʹҳ֮ٹ黹ңĸ׼ǵðɡ
ȷд¡˲òϡ
ֵ̫̫֮⣬Ǵˣرݻʱ㡭ʶھҪҲǲԣĸ㡭
һлĸסֻǰʰʱⷢĸµ־ݡ
־ݣ˵ʱһǿյʶ˵ʲô־ݡ
ĸѽһʽݣһŵؾֱˣһźһֱûҵΪʧˣû뵽˴ʰⷭ

Ц⣬ϻ˵ֱ⣺־ǰҳһؾƲ֮£滹һҳ˵ϰеլӺӽԹУݵĲҵʱѶ£ҳˣӦջأԼĸס
ע˫Ŀۼҡ

ȷϷ֮⡣Ϸ֪û㹻棬˶ݲʣ˷²ߣ
ھЩ꣬Ϸϰͱһҵˣһ֣ʳȡһõϷ˴ĲƲǲ֣⣬ʱԵĸһա
־кҳ˵˸Ϊ⣬ʲʶ֣ѹδʵ֪ʡУ³ΣͳͳռΪбǡһһ٣޿־ΣΡ

Ϸ˵вƲЩ类Լ֮ָŮǣʳǡ
˵ԶɽӾλʵٺ»ޣ·˱ҲЩ꣬ȫϷЩҵܹķ
ʾ¡
ʣѾǵСŮ

ȻҲĸԣջ£һ˶̰Ϸ˫ףʵ
Ҳĸϻۺ֮ܵ˭Ըƾ׹á
ֻҪԷ̰ӹܵ⼸ãԼպķҲһʾ޲ơ
Ȼ˵ȴԶԶ
ϰլӣϷ˹ݵĲҵֱһ֥顣˵ʲôʵһнԸٸ٣ȫƾһ죬˵󲻺ãһֲҲ޷ 

ߵԶģһʱҲԴ㡣ߣᣬЩ£ĸŰɡһˡ
ĸ׵ġĸЩˡʶѳҲԼˡЩʱգ͸£ĸ֮ģԼ֮塣ĸ˵һˣЩպҪֳͽǷֻ֮ĸΥ֮⣬ĸ׳ȫ

˲̲סҪҶһѩסˡ
⡭˵²պɡ
ɫȻˣĸײңֻҡվδһ˰ա
ˣ
һҧ˵ʲôĸֻѡȻҪǣһˣƽЩ

Ժڣ˽һֻľϻݸʡ
ͷˡ
Ŷ
ȥӣȴקסľϻһˣָɫԷס
ĸףɻ
˫һգٿϻһۣվ֣ǿ㣬ɱܺˡ
Ʊܡлĸס
ϻȻȥ

ѵһڷС
ĸףĸףˣ
ѩæãֻɫ԰ףһָĿڣҵѪѪ





94.     

ѩæ˱ˮ, ˺ȥɫ
ѩԽǮ֮£ֻ, ǰ, ĸײۣպ³, ֮Ī, Ʊܲ, ĸǵ㣬׺һڰˡ
ؿڣ۵Ĳ, ŴԣԺһЩˣ̻ʺˡСһ, Ҫûʵ, ٰ
úúãŰɡ

ϻӻӳѩ, ϲ̸, Цӡ
ûˡ
Ҳû뵽, ˳ҹֻŹһԵĴ, ǿһ¶, ˭룬ϡ
Ϸ飬Ҳİˡ
˫ֺʮҾ

˿ҵĶһֲҪĸģƱҪûءŻЩۣδ뵽ȴôˣջ
ʴϻӣ㣬ȵȵݶڡδЩҵĸǰãЩ˽֮Լ֮ľĴ֮£㷢չĲ
Ҫʱ䣬ȥ
ǶԺˡ
Σûˡ˵ʱģЦ㣬ֻҪء
Ҳ棬˳˺εȺô˸ᡣ

һգ˴ֻδδٳ֣յ徲
ù˯һƳϣҹ١
ʳԹԺɢ
ԾɱˮˣԺУֻǼˡ

ҪЩЪ°ɡˮ
ʰڰ֣̫ˡ˯ʱ˯⡣
Ҫǣȫ˯
һ£ŲӣԺţΨһӰεӰֻ

ݸˡ
ŵڶء

ǰʱ᲻ʱԼδ̫оʱᵽ
Ƕڸʲôأ
ݷ˻Ϸ˵һȲ裬һҹСʳݾ˵ڵŮ죬ɶһԵҡ歶򶨱Էɷɴȥ½ˡ
أʲô
һ˳Է飬ɢǷҲϰߣ

ʾú֣ͬһգ䣬ݸ׾Թ϶һζ䲻˵꣬ȴ·ʱ䱻ˡǰڣҲɾһޱȡܺʲôֺʲôûһôȥˡ
֪Ҫա
뿪żɽ˵ǵĿİɣұ֤ϡĬĬϣվȥ

̧ͷ££Ĺʱʱ˿̣ˣǷҲ
͸硭
૵

ţڡ
ȻͷϤ

͵̧ͷ֪Χǽߡ˿̣ǽͷϣֳ޳Ӱ
ʲгæס죬ŵĿƾճֵˡ
ͬʱˮҲ쳣ǰڰ֣һףʾ£Ҫ˻ָ򶨣漴Ĭķֱֿסſ֮ͨ

͸磬㡭
־ϲֱ˫ĿҴˡ
˵ȴʮʾ
ʿȹһᣬϵ䣬½ǽߵǽͷһǽڣһǽ⡣

͸磬㣬ôˣ˫۾û뵽Ȼ¶ɫ̫Σˣһֿô죿
䲻ȫȻˣȴ֪Щˣͷһ˳ߣȻڻݸԺ֮ŵԼ˺ȣȻܽضõ׵ᱻ̲֡סġ

ȴһɴݣģ˫Ŀϡ
㷽Žʲô
ʺ֪ˣֻôʶһУ˭ϵ˸šߣתƮɫ죬˵
һȴ̲ס䡣
һֱ

˵һֿԴʽһһܵδռ档ֻգȴ·˺þúþá
¹ϣһ°׽ۣӢޱȣüºͣעʡ˫峺˫糺죬¹Цٻ⣬ϲȸԾüͷ

ôˣһ飬˵ˣɣǲǼƻб䣬񣿡
δ˵
ţѵʲôˣûһҲ²⣺£Էɷɣֻ£
¡ܺá俪ڵҹɫͳº֪ͣʣ
ʲ˵ˣ
ЦݿҪʡ

ҹˮţſǽϣ޳˸һǽ˴˶ӣż
Զ޴ҹ£һĻؼĻ档

𣿡
š
ţʲô˼
ССҲˡ
̫ûɫ䣬˿պ塣
ķ磿  
վϣ΢΢ڽţսһ㣬ˣ㡣
Ůӽߣܸܵܰĺ
̧֣һʵգҲǡ

ֻȻӿ죬·صҹС֮ʱĿҪˡ
ⲻ磬ȴʵʵ
뿪ǰҹ䣬𣿵õĶǳĬ侲ĻشǷ·˼ΪŮ鳤
ӣٿȻݵķ룬ȴһö֣ȼпɿƵУȡ

ҹĻкȻһ
ͷһۡ
Ҹˡ˵
ôҪ𣿲˵˼仰ѽ֪ոյʾܶˣֻ÷ߡ༸վͿټˣʵҲûϵֻ棬һоֻʮֲᣬ̫ˡ

俴ĲᣬҲ·ͬУᣬһζ
ģʵʱ
ʱƭ㡣䴽ϴЦ

ٵˡ

Ͻ߰ɡæ£աء
ں䡣սһס°ͣ𲱾΢΢ͷĴ
һ룬ѵˮ
ˮӿ
յҡůϢʶϡ
жһſӯһԾʧҹɫС





95.     

һͿ, ҲһͿʱˤӡ

Ҵһطˮɽ֮ź
, ôô죿ɽǵﲻ𣿡
ˮϽ첲һɽЦ
ɽ, ֻڣ, ʱһӦ, , ǺһЦԼһ⣺СʲôҲ֪
ʣ
, ǶЪ°ɣҲ˯ˡ
ʸϽ˴ߣϴ󣬱ϴǰһյ, ƻ

ǵƹ, չ֮
ʱĵһС㣬ѩ׵ֽ, , ΨϤĿ塣
, ֮һղ, ˼֮񡣡
ǰֳһĻ鷿ƽĺʹİ, ƽ˫⣬ʣһһдʫ
⡭˼֮񡭡
һ飬صۺã£Ρ
ɫˮдϢ

⡰ա֮Լһڴġ
ȣ񲪷֮ԵģЩήңЦǿʶ˯Ŀɺã
лĸ׹ģʶһҹΡ΢Ц룬˾䣺Ǽкá
ʶ룬á˷·һҹδߣоɫ

ù磬ǷҪȥ䣬ѩλСԼò¥Ȳ衣ʰ˳ıضȲȲ衣ʵڲԸǰϷܣֻڼС
˵Ҳδǿ󣬼ⶣ䣬ѩȥˡ 

ʱӳѩָͷʱ
ˡ󡭡ôʱôǲǸˣ
ˡ͸ˡôô죡
ʸϽǰױݡ

ͷţԼ
ϣڷï֦Ҷ䣬δȴֱǽͷԽס֫ǽţֱӳѩ󷿶
ѽ
־ϲ̲סгϽס졣
֣ᷢġ
ɿʣһƬϵĻҳһ¡

ӳѩػߣͨݣݶҪҰЩ¹֮ϣ̧ȥԼɼϺӱδϨĵƻ
̧ͷǳ˸ƽǰ

һزõĸףǰִ٣̸Ƭ̡
֧ݸеﺣģֵ֮ʣĲޱȡ
ʽһ֧£ޱߣӳѩӡʣ༸֧УԤطƿС

ţһû˵
˵ʲôأ·űܺã˶ûвڣ಻Ӳһͷô㼫á

֪˭ȿڣ˵
ʽ⼸¼򵥸֪˵ĸƲ£Ը⣬ͷԻһûأû뵽ԼȴһҪˡ
ܺá
Ҳû뵽ȻôӦʵ
еá˵Ͼʺ֮λ׹ݣһǻġ
֪˳ŵĺôȻǻʺ֮λ˵ʺѡѩѹ֣ѹ֡ʻȻôһȣĸĲƲ࣬ȴҲֵһˡ
ȷʵǷǳ˵

ǣ˳ˣԼֳŵ
˵۾թ
˼ѡ˳˳ˣţа취

˵ġ䳯ʵһһеϣѵõ̬
ˣԷɷǸ½棬ˣԷɷɰ֮£ʵ
ȥūգȵӪ￴

Уʵ֪½ԭңƷޱȣΪ͢ǧƥƹԭսԼ֮սʧǣΪū
½ݸƾ侫տ֮һϯ֮ء
ʻǵֿԷɷɵӢˣ֣ӪΪѡ񡣸ҪǣӪȴʹ⣬ɲξս֣ǽ׵ĺõط

ƷգϳˡȵӪвһ֮ټȥҸ׾С˺Σ㿴컯ˡ
һ
˵һϳˣش˶ʵ˵ļݹȻҪҪƷ½պܽݹУԻЯΪ
һԷɷɼСᡣ
ôһûģʽǾ俴컯½ġ
ЦЦбһۡ
ֵ֪͸ãᰲ׵Ȼ
乴˹վһЦ

һ𣬴ȹڣԶϵƻ𽥽Ϩ𣬳ֽţ֪ҹˡ

˳ϢգٺգǵļƲߡ
áʵ
Ҫ˵ˡҪһҪˣʱеССš
һнƿУġ䵥֧ϥϣ׿ʣɫȾ¹⣬ϣͿԻȥˡ
أ˲ţ


վҾͲˡ
ʣݶԾ£ԺУŲõĺĻγ˫Ŀ䡣

һһʱĿƵʴϣŮĴȾ¹⣬޹еĺġ
ˮԺйصţʱ
侲Ƭ̣òˣһָ˵ʱǼ⡣
ҹݰɡڼҵ㡣

һͷصУգǼ⣬ȡ
û


ҹһƬﺣĻǵأѤöĿڶճϣ˹ʣʼǵġա
ݸ˻˵ȥ˳ʵ۲ɫʶΣ
֮ǰõģʼҪ͵ȡ鱨Ȼصݸǡʱݳһ֧֦ʵֻ˵Сסգδˣ룬ҲǺ
Ȼû֦ҲԼһ֦
ݸϣ⡣

ԱͷɫȻҲȥ
ĸʶ⡣̾㣬ңҲٻȥ
񲻶
ĸΪѹлᣬҪЩ㣬ƲˣĪ˺޺޵
ʿˣж

һᡣֻҪ³ɣݸٲ㣬ңʱ㻻ӭȢ㡣
˶ʣټУֻѩʣŴ򿪣һ߽С
ĸ׺⣿ɻ̧ʵ
ڳ͢£˽⣿ʵ
ҡҡͷ֪֮٣ݸдӲҲӲ˵¡
Ҳˡ˵ͷ˴ˣĸײ㣬ˮȡӺ졣ͬ£ݸ㽫֮㸲ʥϲ˳£⣬ʵƿǡ
ĿãȻš

⳯÷УκΣڽɼѹһˣ㲻ʶ˳°ίǰһ¡¹غӺδ֮ˣغȫˣʶһ֮
ڴ֮
ѩ΢΢¶֮⣬иδ棬£㾪˻ʺ󣬻֪ųʲôģ

ʶģʲô£Ҫݸдһ㶫ˡ˼̸֮³֮Ϊٻ󣬵ʱݸܿ㣬㣿
ʽӿڵɣһ°أ
ѩɫһ䣬Ҳ΢΢üɿЦ˳ܣһҲ°нУ˭Ҳ֪У˳һʧ֣ʶ಻ǣ
Ҳǵ˳Ķ裬ʾһ°ܣᱩ¶ҲմӦԭ֮һ

һֵ˳³ܷ֮ŹݸĹӣ
ģ˳ѳŵΪݸϾݸƴݹݹΪ֮ţԺ͢õء˳Ͽҵĸ֪ʶݹദ꣬Ȼи飬ʶģĸڴ˳ŵ֤ݹӵʱһȻ
ʺںݸ׾ʹӦˣɡо뵣ǣź
ѰȻ˵ⷬŪ˷磬Գɫ
ĸ롣ʵ

úúá̾游ĸҽɽܼ̳־¡ٻӱǾȪ֮£Ҳο
ĸ游־ٻѡ·Ǿοаȴ¶⻰򶯣¶ĵģ
ãǣǾĸ׵ģʵҪ

˴ϲæʽ
ݸ룬ô˻ȥ
ȥ֮󣬱
š
ˣʵ

ʵͷˡʶᾡհ죬ĸ׷ġĸ׳ŵģɣһҪǡ
ЦĴȰȻ
ǣձݸȥʵ
Ǵ⡣Цеʶԡ

գվҪݸء
ʲԾǼ촽о






96.     

뿪պ, ʻصݸ

ݸ˹ܼҺӣһ·ͻС԰
ŵ糯, С԰ſڡӦſȥӵģδ֦, δȥ
õ䳤, ӳƸ, һ߽, ֡
ˡ
ǵһβܻˣ׽ˮڲԶЦУ, װûշ죬֣̱ס
һˡ
ǣʣ߽С԰
ôǰ, ͣ, ȥϳˡ
áʹԹӦ
˽, Ƭ̺ɿ, һͷ, ϤУڼҵҡ

һ, ٵһڲԺ̷׷ܳת뿪
, ɻˡ㰡

ٵճֻźʣһߣ˱ûĹǣȫ¿˻Ƶġݷ˵δȴҲЩСʳģӭ

ʵʱгůνң뿪ã²գҲĹ㣬
һصݸһǱްԱ赲⣬ޱȣڡ

ʽ⿪磬ϣݵĲ裬ϤζԼһľɡ
㲻ڣ̫ˡ˵
ûȥ½𣿡Цʡ
δ½汾ˣҲ֪ͣʲ֪γƺԷɷʱֱȫҲҸС

ˡǰգӪ֮ǰұԷɷɴȥ͵͵һۡ
Ҳʽ棬װڲԶһۡ
Σ°ȻҲһ𡣡
ҵȲߣһӪУûôüˡֲ÷ɷɿֳͲ࣬һ˵ãò䲻ֳȴҲŨüĿʮӢ

ʱ˵ĸˣǰֳһΰӡ
òƺܳĬԣԷɷɡüúʴʾݣһüԷɷͦʲôġ
ţ
ɷɡҶе㵣ķɷˮһաȻƽԷɷɳ죬ʵʻǺܹԿ

ԽԽ棬˸Էɷɣһūʺ޲ȥ½棬ۼΪʵ
ȻڲСԷɷշҪ

Ȼѻݸ϶˳ж
˳ʵݳ鱨

ġʮ㣺С㡭ʸĸһųûʲôţԶһ㣬мҲչֻ⼸ҲϸƹȷʵѱǴ򶯣˵ʵġ
𣿡ި֮һɫۣɫԴǡ
ǡ˵ѩɷ˺ôһ򡣡
ѽ·ľͺã⡣ѩʱһ䣬ڴި֮

ިۣ֮ȴδƻһƾͼơ
˵֮£ȷ֪飿
ި֮Ȼ
ǼڰʮֽϵأҲѡȷ˲֪顣
Ǳˡ˵ǰҲ˵ЩӶضŲɡ˷˷СìܣŮ鳤ʻңӾ벻ͷȥʵڲ̫ǡ

ި֣֮˼üһۺۣƺ˼ǣΣɵģš
һ㽻˼䣬ʾ

䲻ΪȻǵͷԸ¡
Ƭ̺󣬽ϣި֮űҪߡ

һѩѩȥ͵¡
ѩǰި֮ʹһ˿̧ᷳͷʱȴһЦ

պʴҴ߽¥

߽Լż󣬷̹ϡʴȡһֽţͷдһݹġ
ĸףǰȡĶ
ʵֽţָⷢɫǿڻš
˽ӹȷûְɡ
ҡͷûҵȥϳ˶ʱȥ¡
ܺá˵⻹зݶ취ݳպֽţͬʱµ

ʽӹԾɶġ
ôˣ֪ʣ۵׺һĨġ
ĸףңе¡ʷ·Ҫˡ
úӣ£ĸá˰οԺӡ

һŬ
Ƭ̣Ҵȥ

ߺɫӰ³Ҳ١
ި֮δ˵

ٸһգԼϻؽĶϣپ֣֮ި֮С
֮һʱϢõ֤Ժ֮ССһ
˳ĸ״㣬ĺܺã⡣Ц
𣿶𣿡
˿Ҳ֮˵ģҪʲô
˵ʱ£ҵϢǡ

ʱ㰲ĵϢ˵Ҳ֪ͨި֮Ĳ֤ӦǶˡ
ĺܺá
ǿе㲻˼һжǵİ֮£֮СŻݶѡ˳

Ψеȡ

ݸзǳȫص֮ġʱһָյɡԳԺȺȣһա
ȻϷȻҪȥ밲ġ
ϻʳϷ˷ǳ⣬سԹһ飬δʳţ׫дһݡ

ʷ֣λϷ˶̬仯Ҳ˵
ϷڳǰϷ˴ȴ·Щζ׽ô֮ǰǰ·˰룬òҲ̸϶׽

ǴУдŸֲͬ
ʱϷ˻ͷ·⣬ʱ֪뵽ʲôüͷˣʱֳãȻʲôأʳë
ȻֻصʱԺѧ鹦ʱĸо

뿪ǼգϷǱǲǷʲô°ʰ˼⣬
ûаĸÿԳԳԵģʲô¡

˼ȥ벻ֻȥ䡣
Ϸ˵ʲô𣿡
ôˣʡ
ʱ˵Ϸ˵Ρ
ü룬ϲˡ
ʣ
ЦֻҪû仵Ǻ¡벻ͨ£պ󶼻д𰸣ż
ðɣҲֻˡ

պݹŵִϰ鷿ϡ
ͬʱʽӵިָ֮

ģΪҪһָ






97.     

ཹཡ
ƵĹ̿յĻ, ͷ뵣˱ǡ

Ժ֮, Էɷɣ歶, ֮, һ˵Χһ, ʿЩ, е㲻˼顣
ިָ֮ˣָҪԲԶƻؼһ˼һʵʩ, ӺĴ֮㽫Ļ׽δĹ䶨
˽Ҫʱ̣Щ˾Ȼ۵һȻ
ȻպȻ, ȷǳԻʱ

㡣̫óˡ
ԷɷɳԵıǼð, ϼ⡣
ﶬΪ̲԰Ϊ, ˶˵Ե, ʱ˵, ԣ۵еı, ẉ̂ϴ֭ˬ
һ˽ԳԵͨ, 촽
ǵһγӣֻͷȴ᲻÷ſӣֻóһ飬Ȱ뱭ˮʼ״㲻ʱ꣬һ
䲻֪ʱλãߣתչ˱ˣԼȴûԶ١

˼ʱڼʼֻ˵ƽ壬Ȼƾơ
ϲˣ⣬꣬иɫӣĿһƬǽ壬˿ʲôүСݽ׵⣬һھ¥пЦ
벻֮˹ģȴ˵áԺ֮侹ܵС

ûˡ֮Ӯˡ
Сӣһ֣Ժ֮죬ָ֮ЦԱ϶˱һ
ᳶ֮䡣
֮һЦѲʤձ㵽Ϊֹɡδˣ֮󣬵ֳ֣һݡ 

֪ʱͷС꣬Žʪ䣬Ũ
Ӻÿһԡµ飬ʱӺ󣬶＾֮ĩ֮ǰ
ˡ

ʿԺֿ֮䣬֪ǵļƻ㶨֮ʱ˵Ժ֮飬ʤ㣬һ̣˭ָҵκα
Ȼ
һ̣ᵽĹǣԼ縺صһ֮£ٲ
һţ˶

žƱðϣԼ𣬳֮á
Ժ֮֮һЦãʱһݣ˶飡һҾǣһ!
˾ٱΪⳡʢ绮βͬоơ

ˣС԰
Сѱϸ꣬ϸë⣬һɡͷԼСպȵе࣬촽󣬶ⷢȣ˿ϣ
͸硣
ţ
ֹվ̲סˣûµİɡ
ͣ½Ų𣿡
ҡҡͷʵ¡е㵣ġ͸磬ᱣԼİɡ
֪Ժ֮һ᲼׵Ӧò³ԳУʲô¶пܷⵣġ

û˵β΢΢죬һֳɡһ££ʵĶգָůĦѩ׵ļ
Բ𡣡Ȼ˵
ʲôɻ
㱾ɲǣ¡ҲΪ˾ƣѵмֲһ̸ֱ£ǲǣ޹ŮӡʣҲΪ·һʧܣվˣܽժȥƽ
Ȼ֮һ֣ʵԿء
վУհ㣬Ϊǡ

ɻ󣬺ȻˣЦԸ⡣
Ȼȫǲˡ۽Σһȥ
иͬͬ벻档˵͸磬ǣ歶һڼе㡣
á
סʵ֣ʮָۣϸУС

գǰ¥ݳި֮ҪĶ
˺գƽ˾ܹ֪ʱְӿݸ˭Ҳδ£ʱҲ˵
˶ڵȣıʱ̡

˳ڡ
׼Σި֮һ𺣬ʵ
ص£Ѳ׵½¾ʿձɵִ⣬ֻ·Ըĸվڣި֮ص
һгɣ£ΪκȻ˲ִ¡ʥϲδϡ
ި֮һͳһӵϡ
ǰһһֳš
ǣʥּյº󣬻ؾʱ鴢֮¡ݹӡ¡
˵ʱɫ䡣

ݹһб㶼ˡި֮żڵˣĿ
ĸ˶ӣ֪ʥݹ鴢֮£ⲻԶѹި֮ᰴ಻סȻި֮һԲ֪ȷ鷿һ⣬ݹױʣȻݣȴĶ
ި֮һֱʥоݹ˽飬֤ˡ
˷жֻɳɹʧܣި֮ҧ
ǣ

ި֮üͷ壬ٴȷϹԽѰȥĩˣһ£סһˣԸ䡣
ȥ
ި֮˱ӰһĨ


֮ա

ͭ嶣һ¶ϤĽŲԶȥǰ˵õġֻͣڼеȺӭ
ǰżֻľܽأԳһϳ¶ɢ㡣
ʰհ㣬طУԾˮƿ

ʼ˵磬ǰϷ˴
ʵʱݷ˺ͼҲˣݾɶҲڣϷ˭Ҳδߡ
־ʹʥȥʼԳֳֳìڽȥݹмӱʿ£佣פܡ
ݷ˵Ϸ˵ݾŮ죬ʱΧȥɶҲ·оʲôոɣڼߣ֡

ʱ˶ܳԵ·ȴһЩ

ֻշ·رδйÿһÿһʱļƵġ
ղڵȡ
ȴ˻̫ȥƻʽ

ʿϷƺһ
ݷ˵ˣҶȥЪ°ɡգ¡
ʱףʱ򣬽ӦѾʱûκϢҪôި֮δȡжҪôѷ䣬ȴѹϢδ뾩֮ڡ
ި֣֮˿̿ݸѲð
΢΢һûϢҲõϢȻԳüգ˭Ҳ֪ި֮ʱ֣Ծɲܷɡ

ˣҪ뿪ʱȴȻһɧ
ʲô£
ܼҼæȥȻȥɫޱ䡣

Ǳ಩֮
Ųдӿ븮ڣʿѥ𶯵棬죬Ÿ˵Ĳҽ






98.  Ű   Ű

һս, ̷׷׹رգ̯˹, ռšļžУͻĵ֮羪, ݸϡ

ʾ岻, ɫ԰סϷؿ, Ӱ, ֳ֮ɫ
˿ֻһ뷨
ʧˡ
Ȼʧˣ

һ佫ӰܽǽݸĸҴҷɲ, һʿ
ô£ͷߺˣǡʧˣݷɫ԰ף򾲵
ĩδյʧϢô½¾ʿˡ˽赲ĩǰλ
δյʧϢһȻЩΪλ, , ֻ½֪֮á
Ƕި֮֮

½ި֮˾, ֧, ȻҲ֪, ½ݹͬΪԱ󽫣¾ʿʵж
ӺϽĻ˽, ΨӹڷƽճǸۡȫɳ͢ٱ𣬳ȴѲ, طݸʿΪԺ֮ţױ֮⣬䰲ŵʮ
Щ㹻
Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽ި֮ǿݹ
Եɣϸ˼֡
˼˽ݸΧ룬ͷɱ֮ԶԶʱҽ

ʵ˿սֲҽķӶ࣬Ǹȴɫ䣬
ƲϷˣˣ˵زĩͶȳȥ
ʵ˱ϷˣԺУڸ󣬼ȥͼӺųȥ
ȻúͷԶԶ_˴౻Χ
Ǻãݾ
ܵݷ˵

Գ
ѪأʬҰ־ȫװָйŵި֮
ި֮˰ѹţǵʬ֮УͷɢѪۡ
ʥϱ־ػţδɢȥӪֱԺ֮ǽԳ

Ժ֮һװ۽ǷһȾʹѾˡżި֮Ͷȥһȣ֪ѳˡǣި֮֮󣬾δԩδήڵأֻԺ֮ĿѪһĨɥĲζ

΢΢šüò̫ԡ
ͣި֮ǰӣ֮⡣

ި֮ȻЦôݴڷˡ
δɫ֪⻰֮󣬱к
Ȼި֮ŵΪܾҵҵϹᣬڴ󹦱ϳɣ֮֮ţعڲᣬֻ֪ݴʧȥУ᲻Լѡ񣿡
˫һУһԺ֮⻰󲽹ި֮ˣֺαشΣ
ި֮ѿһѪۣܣ£ݴʧȥУպ᲻㾫ĸ㣿
Ժ֮ҵɫ䣬ֻǣıδ̫׾ӡ

ΪӮˣǺǺǺǣϣǣ㣬ݴˣҪӮĴˡ
ɫ΢΢ףв²⣬ȴ룬Ŭ򶨣Ҫʳ
Ժ֮ŭʲô֣ҪŪ飬˵ʱܻڸǰΪ㸮ϼʮ·
ި֮Ҳ޷پʱ֮ʱݹݹ¡³ɣʱ䡣°ܣ㽫նɱ
ި֮Գ̵Цݣʱݴˣ£˴˿־ܣֻٹһʱ֪°ܣ꣬ݸ£ͳͳͷأУλʹ

δ䣬ި֮㱻䵱һţߵķɳһ࣬ˤڵأȳѪţһʺ֮⻮ļðһѪ顣
Ŀ˪ֱͻǰһ磬ި֮ʺǴި֮ͫ
䣡Ժ֮е
ͫ׽Ȼսһƥһۻسǡ

Ժ֮˼ʲ뿪ϵ־׷ȥַźף빬־̳Ԯ䴦׵Ϊһʧ˭Ҳδϵި֮ǿԸݸ
Σ롣

ި֮пѪȥķ򣬷Цһʱϲȥģˣˣ
֮λʤȴ䣬˳ᢣı꣬һŤתƣԺ֮λģģ
Ժ֮Ӹ£״ި֮Ƕû£㽫֪ʲô

ݹܵڡ

˵֮ܵ£ȴδгһգĻϡ
ݸֱܵͨǶͳȿɶУһ֣Ҳɽӳ⣬һ
˿̣ݸȫڣפڽյڴͷĶ

ڳʱк͵ײΧѲԣ쿴ֹЩôչսȻ˫ʵ⣬ѲȻУܹЩʱ䡣
ʮˣȴѻȸһƬףֻżй¶ļٴϢ֮ȫͷԽԽȻѾԺ
ҽŲ·˷ͷҲȹ

ѣһҪŹ
һ˵
ʲһ˶£һɫףϷ

Ųȥȥ±ɢ̤
ͳ죬ˡ
ԺҲӰ
½ر
ͳЦһǰźżûӳȥ˾ͻ⸮ڡнϸѣˣܵߣҲҪҳ
ǣ

ܵûôױ֡Щ˲ͬѰٱѵأֱоģôȥҵ
ĵ˴˶жǾ̣ʵڷ̫ͻȻˡδ˵ҲһԺ֮ʧܣݸ˽ٵĽ֣ҷ⸮ȫԱٶ䴦ˣ˾¡û뵽ȴȫԤ״
Եɣƣ߾Ҫݸһ򾡣ȫץס
ץס֮أǻᱻǾ͵ɱ

Σܱץ

ݷһ˵زܾǵӵȥ
Ǹ߹˵Ķԣĳǡˣֹ
ݷ˵ֱԡ
ĩԸǣƴһսΪȡЩʱ䡣ҵ˴⻹ԶԷ˵Ƚ;ᱻ׷ϡ
ݷ˵кν顣
ĩ飬ñ·

ݷɫһףѪɫһ歶æסĸס
ûбİ취𣿡ݷʵ
ûлش
һƬš

žУ˸˼һһҵȫû·һ·ܻҵһܵһ㶼뵽һ

ʻݸˣϷѸߣܳݷ屾̫ãţִ֡ǿ򾲣æҼϷɶԼҷġ
û˿֣ԹȻȴֹۡ

ݷһҧȥǣһӳȥ
Ϸ˵£ӡӣۣܲˡ
̫̫򲻿ɡ˽ең£ˣߡ
ݾе
ɶŶˣֲ̿ѡ
ҪڣʺȻǰһ˵Ҫˣ£

˶һʡ
еСʣ
ݷ˷ӦУСʣ㲻Ҫܣҡ
ʴݷ˻֪˿Ҳתķɿ죬˼·ʵģǸϽߣѵԺʱٳȥǣصһܵСܵĿ죬Ƕ죬ǲһ׷ҡ
У̫ðˣݷ˵һ׷ء
ʵ˭ȥðգĻȴһЩң㱻ץˣҲҲܷŹһأ
΢΢ͷҲǿ˵ļڡ

ݷֱҡͷУУµҡ
ȴʮּѩ׵ϣ㣬еļ棬ˣ˶Ҫ²˳٣Ҫôˡ
ݷſڣߵˣٵˣ
ʶǸ뽫ͷ뿪

ſǻеСʣһţС£
ʵܺ£Ȼܺã˲һ˶ʤ㣬ֺαðգҡҡͷչ˺ˡǣǹټ
ǣһô죿۾죬֪˵еȴ޷ʡ

һ£ֳô죿ֳֳô˵
˵䣬һȻ·֪ԼӺζһЦ͸Ҳ
˶ʡ

ҿߣʵһ£Ŭӳȥġ
ݷ˽ʣ֪˼ʲٵ飬һһ붼һǵģҲСʡһҧ˾ߣ
ѸٽʣµıʿһΪһӻݷ˵뿪һ±ʡ

һʿǰϷˣϷȴеһ¡
Ϸ˸ոδԣֻ֪ʱӰţˡһֱʣ촽΢΢кˮ
ǼʿĸͷԸ
ݾɶͨ£ʿȥ
ʴ󾪣ʹá
ҪֹæҲҪȥϷȴֹͷܵ𡣡
˵ֶݷ˼˵ǣи񡣡
ݷ˶˶һæ
Ǿкᣬðգ˭Ҳ޷Ԥϣⲻ˶óġ

úӡϷסʵ֣ҡ㣬Ҫţ
Ϸ˷·໰Ҫ˵ȴֻΪ̶һ䡣

Сʣǵ㣡
ߣ
ʿϷˣһ˱ܵվԭǣݾһͷŲϻ֣

ʲȥ۽ˮӷ졣







99.  ž   ž

Ƕӱʿԭ, ԾϷĶ

ʱҲ֪ʱͷѾˡݸռӴ, ҪҳܵǼ£ʰ, ǲҪҵҵĬĬʱ, ²˿Ǵܳ˶Զ
ʼͻ, ѹȥһʱ, ͷǷҲ취֪ʱǷѵ֪Ϣ
͸һ뷽跨ȵġ
ֻҪŬ֧ŵǸʱͿˡ

ʱ仺ʣԶԶ, Ѱˡ
ʶʱһǰʿƻõģŴܵȥغţܿ, Ӳ͵͵ǱһԺܵС

Ȼȴûô, Ÿսȥã˷ټ, , ֱ׷
ܡ
ʣıʿڻܡ
ʶ˵, ܡ
ֳܵ߻谵, ·ûоͷ֮Щʿ, ˶ãΨƴӣӵһʱһʱϵһʱһʱ

󲫶֮ȻûˣΨͻĽŲƽ
ˣ
ȴûзǻۣܵ촭ؿڣĿǰǰ
ץס
ȡ
ͬʱƿ֮ʲһͷһ˲ʹ޴ʹˤڵأȫȻȴҲ
ʴһʪϸ㱻˴³
ץˣ
ȴȥ

ʱֱۣŰԭ·ءĬĬ㣬ԼȻ൱һ·ʱ԰ʱͽ㣬ǶȻѿˣʱٱҵܵҲ׷ϡ
һɣ˱ЩߣҡҡλΣŲ鸡

һΪƫƧƧԺʱԺУֻԺһƬǽ壬ľ̤ܵѣյĵƻͨ
һڼ佫İòᡣ
ôһأ
ʱƵڵأͣϢ岻ϵõ棬ŻѵĹ֣ԭһѶ̵͸͸Ƕ
ֲôʹ

е֪ʧѪסҲҪɥڴˡǱ佫ɱҲҪʧѪ
Ȼ佫ȴδ̶֡
ȥĶˣ˵һ佫ʵ
ʻģ촽΢ȴһҲ˵״̬ȴһ佫װ֪ʲʲôֻ÷ŭŲѰӰ

δãһʾ
ٵȰʱʱһնɱ
ʱ㱻ӵһԣһ˿أɢѰ

ʴ˻Ŭ𣬱ǽšǰѺ̹ȥӰӵĽŲһлһʡ
ٳһ¡
˵Ҫˡ
ϵʹѾľûôʹˣһ̣Ȼûкµĸоˡ
ֻټһ档
֪ˣӦһģ
͸硭

һ̣ǰͷȻƷɧбʿ֮ʲô߼۶
ʴϢ̧ͷȻ˫Ŀһ𣬼ǰ_

ͨɫĸͷһ³ˣֱײԺţײ·֮һ
һˣ߰ɫɫ磬ֳһòӢȴɱ֮˫Ŀ죬䣬˲оͷء

͸硭
૵С

˿УֵȴһĶǵĻ桪
ͷɢǽߣһд˸Ŀ⣬ѪҺΰһŽһŹ䣬ȾŮ塣
ͷ漴ʹΪ֮һ⧣˪˫ĿѪ죬һ̾ΪŭԼ֮
˻̤ŵоʬ壬ϰ䣬Ѫ졣

ɱ
ڼ佫ʱΧ䣬ͬʱǰԺ֮𣬸־֮չս
ὣڼ׽졣

һգʼһǰδģֻڱ˿䡪
ԡѪսսõŷɥңѪս飬ϢĴڡ
˪ĿɫѪתһһޡ󣬺ݺһԥ׼ȷ׼Ǻڼ׽죬ǽҲսһգȴһᴩʺѪ籡ŭĿԲ̲ţض

ʡ
ĿУӳߴӰԼ˫ۡ
죬⽣Ӱ䵥ϥأСʣԼʱȾһѪɫ

ڵȵ˰
˿оƺڷŬ̧ۣ¶һЦݣ˵û£ȴûڡ
ϵȻʹ·֪ΣѹʹˣǱһӿ뷢
ǰһڣɰĵĻ˹ȥ




100.  һ   һ

һΡ
ŵ, ŽţһƬɫŨУ, Ψһ˹µӰ£ֻãȻ, ֪δ
żһ̧ͷȴŨ֮, һϤף
ĸ
ĸһ, Ц, Ȱĸ
ĸ
ʳǰܳ
ĸȴڰ֣ʾⲻҪ׷Ѱ
ӣȥ, Ժҡ


ʻͷ߳һ޳ӰҴߣץ֣ôܡ, ؼҡ
˲ɷ˵ʱ, ʲסͷĸ΢Ц, ˵, ȥɡ
Ũɢ, , Ӱ
͸硪

ʻȻһ͵ۣǰһƬ׹⡣
֮ϲ, ʱսһ֣Сʣ
գգָۣ߽ǰӰǸոǣ䣬һʱֲʵξ䡣

͸磿㣬ôˣ
ǰ䣬ʸоİֻδǱ㲵ģװ壬Ƽδ˫Ŀ죬ӰŨأƼδһ㡣
ƽȻȴ̲һ궯ΣϢ˿̣ѣϢ˲䵴Ȼ޴档

һʱʡ
Ҳġ

䱡΢Ҫ˵ʲôȴһֶδ˵˫Ŀ죬ȻСıܿʵ˿ڣᱧסʣһӵڿȷʵģ̇ͷʵףֱסͷʲ
ȵĺڶϣлȴо伱ٵԼʱ̬Ļ͸硭
Σڿˣơ
û£ֻڵ

⻰Щ£ʱȻ𣺡أˣܵЩء
̴ʹæһѷס
𶯣ɺá
£Ծɽˡ
شܽˮȻסŻϲܳȥ󺰵!

ǣЩ⣬֮ƣǡԼܵǰõĽ
һʱ䣬õϢ˷׷ˡ
ıݾˡ
ȥҪʣۼֿʶˣæСſڴǰ뱧ʣصʡ
ˣ

֪ԼȻ˯ա
죿
ѽ˵ʧѪ࣬־ŹȣڴˡˣֻҪúõܿû¡
ԼŶȫ˼ϵ⣬طûˡ

˵䣬½ݷˣˣˣһվ˰ӡ
̫ˣҶû¡ˣҶδˣʵٺò

챣ӣû¡ݷĿкᣬһӣҶİ
СʣĶ㡣˵
º˽⵽˴¼ľԵɣðһ亹ʱ㱻ץס롣
ѽѽҲ׷׵
㲻ݸĸǣݸľǡСʣĺøңʱҶŵİˡһݣǼУСȴ¸ҵ¡

ʱ˿޵е㲻˼ˡ
ֻӦġ
ʹȻʱ취ʴҲǰ£ڻȷʮΣգʱǽûץˣ֮£һҲǲܡֻ׷;Уǰѷĵƫ׼һˡ
㹻ˣȻŵ䵽
ڵͦʵ̫뷨ûлر֮ûͷֻǾӦôЩ겻֪Уѳһˣ˶б˵԰ա

ӽֻҪݸڣݼһ죬ϰ£۸㣬ɫĵ˵
Цˡ
һֱô
ݸЩѸ㹻ıӡ
⻰˵ģĸ˵ŶЦ

ţŷ֣ûϷˣжʱһ
ĸû£ЩѡҲˣ˼⶯һЩ͵
˵ܲٲܲٵ
Ѿͷ㽫Ҳϵһ죡Ϸʮ
ͷ˷׷ÿϷŹȣ첽ߵǰ

úӣˡҿϷأæҪȴϷһѰס𶯱𶯣¿¡
ֻ¡
ĺӣôѪƣС׵ġϷעʣһȰ
һ㷢¡֡顱ϷˣֿˡֻЦ

ǲŻˣϷʵֻ֣֪㶮¹ɣ벻¸ҡҼ¸ҵĺӡ
ʶ֪˵ʲôˡ
ת䲻ͻȻʵ̫ˣֱемܲס
ĸˡ»ЩŮҪ֮Ժʧ膪ʽΧ
ϷɨӼŮЦǶǺúӣĸĺúӡ

ĸĺúӣץסۣϵʲôʱСʵĸ˵ֱֱǲֳͬݡ
˺ǳ񡣡
Ϸȴ޷Ҳʵˣ̲
˶Ц죬еΣֻϧѱݷ˸ȥϢϴֻܶš

أô
֮£ܱ밢֮ˡϷ˵̹ʣ̹Ȼشʵһ˲˵һ㲻˵ˡӽݹΨһϱ˭˵ǣҾ
̸ʰļϷ˱˲һ˼ֻһֱȥǵһأ֮ܵ£ԥ

Ϸ˵գӾժһֻ׹ǵүҵģЩһֱţأֻһ⣬š
ʵһö׹ĺ岻Զʵû뵽Ϸ˾ôԼʵ޴룬ͨ죬֪ǺˣҲǣҲǡ

˶Ц歶ѽ𲻺˼ɶĪ˼
ݷЦŵͷʾʽš
ֻúлϷˡ
ϷˣϷЦе
ĸСϻհ㷢̣Ȼ뵽ݷ˵˶ڣĿڰɡ
Ҷݷ˵ûҪ󣬴ֻչŮƤ
ϷȴԸԳ˵ĲˣϽȺͰ¡

ԣǡøˣ
հ½뿪ʶǱ͸׹ΣУ̾

ӦĽٺͷʹޣ˿ʹµȵȣôһŪȫһ棬ֱ˵ϲ󡭡յľ·ֻһجΣѺ֮ɢκӰ
Ǽµսû˸ʣҲûȥʡݼû£˵һСģպȻ֪

ⳡͻ¼Ӱ죬˼ϵʹϷ˵̬ת䡣
ʱȫû֮ϲա
룬ɵء
һ䣬ĿɨĿû𱸣ȴž֮⡣

ʶԼ˵˻
󲻾ã㱻ݷǿиߣʷ֪˯֮ʱһֱڴǰ߲ݣաݷ˺˵˵ԱʣȰǿѪ£֮˭ҲȰ
ĸǶȥЪŰɡ£صġɫԾ侲ֻĿʰ硣
޷ֻȥ

歶һʱ˵Ļ
ǱӻʱЩȫʱѱֳҴδֳǸģ·Ҫ˶ɱͷ֮һ㡭
ʱҲÿ£ˡʵʱǶõģңһָоиֳ̣͸ȥˡ

þò޷ʱģǶʱ֮尾һʮֳܡ
̧䣬ϴ裬ɾۣԹЩ˯ʱָ࣬ʱļѻָ߳ƽΨԲЩѪ˿

ؼգںʵ˻δôú˵ϼ仰
һ䣬ʵеġ
æ˵ˣԲ𡣡
üû˵

ʱ侲ЩΪ֪룬ĺã̫գʾú߾Ӷ࣬ҪѵˡȻȴʲôҲû˵δδ
·ֻҪʲô޹ؽҪ
·շһж
ȻҲпǵպˡ

ȵˮ
䵹һ裬¶˺󣬵ݸʡ
˵磬ֵ޷ͷȲ裬һԾ

ˣһȥȪ̲ס歶Ļ
ᣬƽǣƵģ¡Զģѳʲôģ·ֻǴϷ̨е£سޱȡ

òƲᡣˡ
зȥϹ룬̲ס棬ʯĺתתȥ
Ҫ˵ʲôֱ˵俪ڵ
ЦˣϤζ
˵ˡ
˵꣬Ļش

ȴƲ⣬鵭ģӹв豭ŵһԣҴñǣڣȴǷʣϣ𣿡
룬ȥֻǡҡҡͷ㻹мˣҪϣܼţúûȥţǵңżҾͺá
ҹƻ˸˵üϣů

΢΢ף˵˵ĶԡһкܶҪ
ĸã໹һЩʱ䡣ˣǸҿû취׷ȥպĸԶݣǳޣȺȥ㡣
һ𣬴䡣
̧֣ʵգ΢΢һЦôԾʲôԼ˵Ļˣ

һȥ档·֮ǰ˵Ļʱ˵Щʱʲδ뵽ԶδǱ塣
䴽ϴЦ·ֻ˵һˮԷƽ£гһգȥˣκϵһңģ̫á
ģȫ˵
ʱ˵Ǽտʱº͵ĵĸо˭Ҳ֪ǼŻ˯оЩʲôһ̣ʺ

ʱǼⷢᣬۿ΢ʪȴЦ
ƣסáǱôԼˡֵһӻأ󣬻ҪþãֵĻȥ





101.  һһ   һһ

֮, 䲻ҪǾǺ, ЩӱҲȥˣֻڴ, ڷС
ڼ䣬ݸһ£
ݹˡ

Щ, ݹפر߽, , ٻؾһλҲǴҴҴȥ̶ֻ̼ͣաֻݹ˸档
λãʲôʱȥݼȽϺأ
ʻˮ, ݹȴһ֪ԺС԰
ʴ󾪣æʰãӭݹ

ݹθߴͦΣ, Ц, һ佫ʣϴλʱü˼, ΢, ˴ȴԵࡣݷվһ, ЦʱμΪ׺͡
ʩ, Щš
ϻ˲ˣȴѾȫݡ

ɡ
ݹ, ʩˣ˵Լ࣬ϻȴº͵ġ
˵㡣ζ㡣ذ㣬㱣ܺá
ݹȡһذףݸʡ
ҲǼˣȴһذףеЦãõֺ󣬹ذףȴ֪Ȼʮֱ

ذײͨߴ磬뽣ȴʯϬοһֵͼºʴ䴦֪ͼ壬ʱˡ
һաݼҵļһգʥʵͣݼഫ˵ɳʹ£ǵʵۼҲҪ֡
⣬Ҳ̫˰ɡʶʱгģҶδҲ̫ˣ죬ôô

ˣšĵġ
ðɣʲΡΡСպá

ݹʣͳδٶܿ뿪з˷£ѹȴҪΪҪı˳൳㡣
һ½ಿǳвڳݹּǰȥѺ½ؾڳæµ

˴䣬ʥϴ޴ҲоºûãԺ֮Ϊ̫ӣ괺콫ʽλ
ǳΪ֮ʱȴҲǼ֮ʱ

Ҳ֪һЩϢ
Ʃҡ
ި֮Ȼûжνһ°ܣǣ֮ŵҲ޷֡·ڽӣԺ֮׻ǷŹһӻ⣬鲮Զɽݶλۡ⣬±ΪݹУûؾ
Щʱʮƽֻ֪˺ѩʺ飬᲻һ˿ڡ

˳ި֮౻ʥһţ
֪ôʵԭǽ˳Уǵݴһ˵Щʲô
֮գԷɷշԸԹԴڻʹڣ֦⼸մһȶʣС¡
ҡҡͷ²
Ҳ֪˵Щʲô֮Ҷ־ͱƵϷȥˡ
ʰһ
Ϸĳɽ룬缸ʱΪнǴཨм󱻷̤㣬һɽɽɾ
ި֮мҾ쾡£Ψһ˱صϷ·乬Уٲɳ

еˣԶӣ㱻ǻɽҰУ꣬
ãԷɷ̾˿
ʲôȲ˵ıλҲ˵ܿܣ˳ûŸϾɱСʣֳͱˡķ
Էɷһÿɷĩˣ֮۵˭Ҫݴˡǲǲ𡣡
һЦ֮£Ҫһĵ

ߵţˮϷԺе̴ӡֻ̧һ֧̺Ѫɺ
һæվ
죬Ͷˡ

Щ˵ӣʲܳȥⷿȴԴԴݷ˵ȲʱǲʳҩĶݣŻϷˣͶ鱦Ŷ棬ЩصģЩͷãġ
̫̫ϲϲȫȻ̬ȣϲʱºͣѿϲʱȴ޲ӵĺá
ʱ治֪Ǻˡ
žСǾ仰շġ
ֻͳͳ£ĵԺҪӱúТĸ

ǶգϰĶʮֺ䣬ڷˣ˳ĳ˯˯˳ԡ
һģȻԷɷɡ
ʲ³ˮдӣóÿձŻЩӪֺóԵĶټݷ˵ĵ֮ģÿռԳԳԸͣ

˿ȬʱԷɷˡ
찡ôôˣ
Ϊʲôˣһû䣡
Էɷ뷢ĽкŭĿӡ
ʺǾȻҲԼʵ̫ˣԵıʵ࣬˾ãԲЩԾ֫ϸӯ

вУҲٳˣȥ½ǼһҪƲˣԷɷϵ⣬һںޡ
Ŷ½չˣʣڴʱ  
ΣԷɷɲ֮ǰ˵½ҧгܻģ·ѱĥԣգȴĸоˣǰݹһ⣬¡

Ǻܺãʸ˵
ǰд⣬½ݹԿϿɣٺòȻӪҲͦãպҲ֮սϵĥ򲻿ͬնҲ׽ҵ
Ǻãһ½뿪ȥ߽˭֪ʱ
ԣҲ뵽⡣

⵹޷ҲȥڣԷɷ֮࣬ǰó׸㶨Ϊҵˡ
歶ֲԤС
Ҵ㣬ҩ
ɶҩʲʵ
һҹ磬ɾʲôġ
ȻһͲ
Էɷȴʮ棬ˣһιһС
˷ˡ
ʹʹá
歶˻æֹ¿ɲȲ˵ԷɷˮͷòʧĪ

ǧôûƴȰԷɷɣסĿҰ֮ꡣ
ǲԸˣҪװװϡԷɷɵ
ʲôҪĲ˺˵˵Էɷɱ֤嶯

˵ңأԷɷһ歶ôˣҲøǣλ˭˰ɣ
ǼˣΨһ岻ֻ歶ˣڷһ㶼δ͸¶ʵץӷΡ

ʺüζˡ
歶˾ֹ̾˿ûʲô˵ġ
̬λԷɷˣôˣѵҲǸľͷ飿Էɷɵ
歶ȴҡҡͷ
Ǳˡ
ˣΪ歶ֻƲ֣

СĲ²⣺ǳˣ
ǰɡ歶һԷɷɣһҧҲ֪ô˵֮ĺܣһءպ˵ɡ
ʵڿƣԷɷֻò׷ʣ歶ʲô˵ûͷûԵģҲ֪ΰοͰֻգֻϣ歶գ˳졣

Ƚλãȫȫ۹УԴ˵ʱգˡС㡱񫣬ظ¹Ĳ˵ֱÿſڷ֣ȿˮ˵ݵߡ
һԼɡ˵
һֶŲ豭һַʼ򣬶ʵĻδţ΢΢սЩʾʺȡ
ֻõͷˡ
˵磬ֲʹãһβСŪˮǣǣ˿ں󣬵ڣ㲻Լˡ

ʱޱæµÿնᾡࡣ
ȴ˵Щ󣬴˺û̸໰⣬Щ˴̾ͺá
ܻչˣƽձ֪˺дһ񣬻һС裬̶Ҫ󡣡
Ҳ޵ߵݡ

ѳԺȹһٺȡ
۲ϵı÷δڣ㱻鲵ء
뱭ôͼ
ϴθкĻ
ǴСС⣬ȵ̫βˣұ֤˵
䲻Ϊ
ָס䣬СȵĻζţ͸硭
䴹
ʱһֱĻΣǧ㣬ˣСλعͷüģֻһڡ
Ц
ӣʣʹԹԵֻһڣţһڣ˿ˡ

ᣬڴϵǰ¡
һᱻǣҪջʱס˫ϣת򣬻סʣڱʮָۡ
ƽһͬһңԶʳ˵˵飬о·ǰЩһżϷһ㣬Ѿ߹˺ܳܳ£δкܳܳ

ʱţ׾Թ϶תۼ䣬ԶȥԺ֮ʽǻƵۡ





102.  һ   һ

괺, ³һʢµ۵ǻһ, ϰѷƽһ, Ʈ㡣
, ڽ, ʢ, Ī֮С
Ӻ⻼δ, ȴѲٳΪشвµΪݹһǰڣ˶ƺԿ, һµķ̫ƽʢ

ǻ, ķأٹٳ, Ժ֮æת, ֮, Ѹ£괺򻨽, Ժ֮²һ򻨽ڵգǳ¥, Ͱٻͬ죬ͬ

һգϰУССĽֵСٻУ̺죬绨Żֹһƣҹ٣Ƶ費ξ

ۣ
Ƶһ˲̲ס̾
ʱݼһ𣬻سǣͬӣվڳ¥֮ϣϰ֮۵ס
ڽ˴գַȻҹһʢ

¥°뻶űǸʽݣӴ볼¥Ϲͬ͡
һĻȥǰ֮Ϊƣȴ껨ƣ˲ͬЩȻ˳̨һЩīǳµʷĻ
Уݼһó

Ժ֮࣬鵭ȻżԺ̸֮ͬźȾЦ䣬Ŀܻ䣬ʱƳһŮ촦
Ŀ֮ÿһأָͬһˡ
˵ȥ껹ֻȴ˽֪λǵһӣһ֮֮ϵȨˡ

ſϣ˻¥±ݣЩʢᣬȻ뵽иȤţʵеġ
ȻԷɷҲ룬һļϣҸﵽȥҲûй涨˵ǵô

ʵϣʺϣһͬȥ䣬Ӻ翪ţɼŮ˫ɶڽϣҪʲôʲôһ𣬾ͺܺáȻС

ڼҪ֮ʣһ̺Ȼ˵ݴ˽Ҫߣڴ˴
ʣ
˵ˣҲ˵ʳǰͷȥ˵ƻ
Էɷɵ߰߰ɡ
ԥһ£ǵȵȰɣ£
Էɷɵʲô¶ߣϽġ
ȥ棬ֲĽ˽ս

ԷɷһɫףһСʣʲôģ㣬̫ŮӶᱻϧ
ʣ
歶ҽСʲôСʣ㲻Ҫ˵һ٣еֳӦûʲô£ǻȥԼİɡҪȶá 
룺ҪԵһɡ
ȥԷɷ歶־˼ֻȡԭΪҪãһȴˡ

䴩ʽһϳۣŭ֮дж£硣
ǰվδͷʵҵʲôѽ
ߡ
ĪȥĶ
ȥ
ʾȣ㣬ǰͷæ
š䴽ϴЦȥȥ
ȻҪȥæվԱ߻ءԷɷ歶ѾԾҲҪȥ
歶һֲ൲ߣֳģǻԶһ㣬ǡ

αʵ磬ֱϣһʼߣĿ䣬歶ԷɷɣԼȥҪǡ
Էɷɣ
歶
ʵҪ
ȴٴζ˶һۣ׼
˵ϲݷ˵ʴˡ

ɼֻĬĬλ˵Բպٺúðǰɡ
ԭΪҪȥ棬ȴ˳¥ǽһȥ
Ҫ࣬ҰԾɿ

һΣˣ֣ǣסʡ
ʱǣţȥĶ
ߡһ죬ͷۡȻٴȥ档
ûϵģҲͦáʵе䣬Щ飬ǰΪæµڸλЩѡѵõķһ£ʲȥһܺá

ǣ֣ųǽǰߡ
Ҫѳǽ𣿡Цʡ
ţһֱͷԸԸ⣿
ҡҡ֣սҲҡһҡ
ǽٳҲʱδǾͷƬ̺һ¥ͣ¡ 
𣿡
紵ŵ⣬佫ϵãס֣ǽ⣬ʾ
ۣ
ʲ۾
ǽ¥¥¥ббԣӲȥվϣĿ¥гн֣۵ףȴֲͬ¥˴ƧԶڼȺƻ纣һϸ£˼ʢ¥ʸ˼һ㡣
˼
鲻Խ̾ȻЦ

䲢վⷱʢֻؼ䵴ŨŨĻ㡣
Ȼỹ̻𣿡
š
ڴ϶
Сʡ
ţ
ʲͷ䣬Ŀһֱϣо仰㡣

京ЦĿ֣أôʣʵȻӿ죬⻰̬ˮСš
ʲʲô
Ҵǰһ飬ЩУŮ飬ụָΪʮָģָӴͬġ渵֮ҹɫУˮ
ֻ䡣
һϷƵģ޳ָöָ͸Сʣ˺ɷԸҶȹ
佫ָݵǰ

ҲʹӦ֮䲻ȷΪôһʱͻĸŪӿ죬ֻҪ
ףȻĸǰȥ󡭡ʺȻЩףһĻŨŨʽУһ籮һö裬ٶַʽȷİء

ֳָʡ
һҪڣȻһ졭
һɳԿȥ˭

ϤϤ춯תǴתӰ
˵㲻ҪơԷɷһԹһ߳
ңƵģ歶
ʣ
ǣ歶Էɷ֮½½߳һˣԺ֮һڴ󳼣һŮ죬вٹŮ̴ӡ
ƺƵһȺˣվһأ˶Цˡ
䲻֪˶ãȻոһĻȫ
ʵʱͨ죬ĲС

ɰ䡣Ժ֮ǺЦ˻ʵɲ硣
ʲôһԷɷģ֪Ĺһǲ䡰ߡʣߥ޻ʵǰβ棬Ժ֮Ǹģһ粻ͣ˵֣±һӣƺƵ͵͵͵ֻǣ˭֪ȴײʵһĻ

ʼֱ̧ͷյķ̡
ޱ飬ˡ

ƽȻҵģĪз𣬴˿ȴһķ·̣ȫȻ壬һһۣϬ֪˭ȺһӦ
˱½ģһӦӦ
Էɷ׵壬Ժ֮Уһۣʮ𾢣ЦеӦӦ޸Ǵͻ飡
ʣ

ּ޲öˣҪȥ
ȴȻЦ΢΢һã档
ָָٶȻݵǰ
Ϊ֤Ϊ֤

䣬ƻ··Уᣬ˳޷ֵ
ԸӣȻߺա
Ϊ֤Ϊ֤Ը㹲ȣۼ뱯
侲ţĿüۼ䣬ӡ

ȥȡָȴסֱӽָϡ˳ָɫָӳɻԣɷǺÿ
û׼˵Ůָֻܵȥһˡ
ȴȡһöһԡָȴüʣֿˣŵЦгɣԼϡ
ȴɻҪҸ
ʱˣùöʽָѧӣ֣صΪϡ
ˡ
̧ͷһЦ
˴ָգһʱûɿ

ã
ΧȺڶʱƣкá
վʹͻ飡޵ǻһϲ£Ժ֮Ц
ϲϲ
ϲݴˣϲ

ʵЩЦãЩҪʲôʱ򰡣ôߡʱһ죬Ȼըһ̻
̻ȼʱˡ
ŵһ̻ըӶݵٻʢţͷס
Ⱥǽ֮෢֮̾׷ҹա

̧ͷעĿաʵĹâڶϣУ˸ǳ
Ư
ڿ|£ʵ磬סˣ΢΢̻뻶УѸꡣ
ѵˮ羪κˡ




103.  һ   һ

Ӣѹ˹, νŮɫֻδʱ
벻ݴҲ̸˵
ǻᣬ̫ˡ
, ݴԱȣԺϰȢ˿ɵøѹ򆪡ñȢ޹
ҹ, ˵

ָͬ, , 찡, ݴ̫˰ɡ
ոտһĻҵĶҪˡΪʲôҲ
Ҽү͸һԼдʫ
ҼʲôûͣԺҵŮ˲ʣ
һҹŮ˵

, һǷһչȥˣԺ֮ԣڶչگ飬һΪ֮Ϊ¿, ͻ, 顣

ǰΪ֮ŮǷ˳֮, вֲ, վ, گ鳹׷ɣ졣
ǵһӡ, ۼ֤˶һĻʱһѻĳϲСĻ, һʱ
Ů飬ָҲһʱϰ

ֺЦֲ˼һʱڼֱҳšΪӰ죬Ͼ˸ҵ٩
ݸϲּϻڳ¥Ϸ˾ˣ˱ͬϷһˣ´һĻϷ˳Ӷ࣬Լ̰¾ԲҪͷβúֺֺǡ
пʼΪæµ

ȻҲǸ˵ģȻȴһ¡
رһˣȥĸʶ˵ϲҲ˸ˡ
ʼռǵǸΣĸ˵ȥ
֮ǰ̫æ˲ϣУӦÿѿ
ûκԥұҲд⣬ԭ׹ȥҿǲܣӦȥݼġ

ܿ˼٣ʸϽʰĶǺһæµ
ߵͷϣԷɷ歶С԰ãԺ֮ȻҲͻȻǴӺŽ룬δˡ

æԺԺ֮һֻһϤȣڰ֣ضֻԺ֮ûлʵۣȻǰһɣҲһ֮ءʵۿɱˡ
˶ЦԾɳƺΪүԹӡ
ΪҲǰνļз˭֪ȴһ⡣׼ȷ˵Ǹһ⡣

䣬м˵һ˵ЦԺ֮Ȼɫ
üԵ΢ɻǾˣ۹˽Ժ֣֮أܾûйˡ
£
Ժ֮ʱ歶һۣʵ˲ԣĿҲ歶歶һȻץȹֽţԾ硣
Ժ֮Һ歶¡
кȻһƬž
˫ȻҲϡԺ֮䣬һ˵
˶٣վ˱һͬ˲ԺǰС԰鷿歶ŵ׷ſڣе硣
Ժ֮ͷһЦ£ҡ

ߺ󣬷а˹һʱ˵歶ţĲɣһعԷɷۿ
歶΢΢̾˿ǵģ롭磬

ԷɷҲ˽ż²歶֮˾˭û뵽ȻԺ֮ȵԷɷ½¸˳ԾϾǶмѭ
歶Ժ֮ȫ޺ۼ䣬Ҳ޲
ʸλãһһܸ˾ϲǲһˡ

ˣҲ歶Ҳ֪ʱģ֪㡭Ҫ˵űǴУֳæž㣬˴󲿷ֶɷɣһˣԥҡ

û֣ĵЩ˻˵һ٣ǴˣӦͲǡ
Ե֣ԣڤڤ֮Уע

˵ԺҪΪһɩ𣿡Էɷָָ歶ָָԼ
ʲʧЦ죬תתȴҪΪһˡ
歶ȴһ̾Ϣ
ʣôˣ
ǰЩӿʼ歶·£ڷգȥֻ뵽һ㣺㵣ļвͬ𣿡

ϾԺ֮ǻʵۣͬͨˣݼȨȻ죬歶ݣйʺҲǹһݼ֮ƽ֮壬ܼ
з磬ʢ˥ݼһֱжȣϼɵΣԺ֮λ޴˹ǣԺأݹҲδĹλٷرְ߽֮ȥȫͱȨȴȨ
ⷽ濼ǣݹͬ歶ʹ

ȴ歶һԭ򡣸ǣ歶ֹ֮ɫ
ʼʮΪѣ˵˵ˡ
ϾԺ֮ǻϣЩ²Ϊ˵
歶ҡҡͷûʲô˵ġֻǡԷɷɣҺĽ˴˶ֻΨһ
Էɷɶһۣ̼䶼ˡ

Էɷѵõе᣺ҲСʶ֣вңⶼ֮ǰ£Ҳ֪ģҲֲ֣ϾҲܾ֮¡Ȼãֺ֣αؼƽЩ¡
歶ǰ߸ұˣǰԺжŮˣٺ󹬡
˵䣬歶ͷһЦЦﺬһĨˡ

ʿЦݣδ˵ĻΪãģŻ⣬Żѹ
Ժ֮Ϊʵۣ󹬱ض٣˱ŮӣֻһҲܲˡۺʱԣĸŮԸͬһ򣬶һһһ˫ء
ԷɷһʱҲ֪οο歶ϲ˭ãƫƫϲ˻ʵۡ

úԺ֮ԺҪػʹ˻ʵ۵ײǰٶ̫ʱ䡣ʿ飬ҲʲôԺֻ֮˵ҪߣԷɷɻزأԷɷɰڰ֣Ժ֮ͷ歶
歶Ƭ̣Ժ֮ȥ

룬Էɷһ˴ţȥ䡣
鷿֪˻ˮ

ʹɫضҲһԣ̸ֻ֪ΡӦ븸ĸ̸Ϊ歶ֳԼԺֿ֮ѣ̣Ҳ
ô˵ѽʿʵ
Ȣ歶ʺ󡣡
⵹У歶ݣʺ޿ɺǣʵͷĺ棺ô˵
֪ϣŮ챻еУƺǰһҲһһŶۡ

Ҹܾµģһ˫ף歶Լͬ⣬ұû顣
򴽣е㵣ģ˺үͬǻ᲻ῼǵţ֮ģ歶
β΢˵ЦʲôʱЩˣ
ʶԳ֮ʵ¶ģֻǾλ֮ҲУĿȾģԱǰԶЩ漰歶Ҹ㲻Զһ㡣
𣿡ʵ
䵹˱裬ʾʺȣҪżԸĸ׵ӣ歶ԼԸΪ

һʵϣݼ䴦ȨģʱҲɼòЩΥԸ֮£ݼ˲üˣŮȥȡ棬ʱ򣬻ӵ˱˵Ըȥѡȥ
歶
歶
ףȻҲ歶˼ŵŵһ歶빬˺޲ѡ
ʾȣģ
Ժ֮಻ˣѾŵûа취ٲѡζŮˡԺ֮Ϊ歶һ⡣
𣿡ʵ
Ҫ歶Ųˡ

𣿡
Էɷ歶ʳ⻰歶Ժ֮ԻصС԰ʴϣǰһͬߣҹ̸Ȼһ·Ժ֮ѽ̸ݸ֪歶

歶ſϣ֮ǰΪᣬһۣһȴֳȻ
أƷϳˣǿŵġԷɷɵ
ʵͷҲԺ֮š£Σ歶ҪԼǵ

Ҳ֪ 歶űӹһȦյ÷ŶˣСʣҸһȥݰɣɢɢġ

ԷɷһϵҲȥȻһھˡ
㲻½ˣ
ϾҪȥ߽ˡ˵ԷɷɵСʣһճΣ컹ȥһ档
û뵽̬ᷢչһ򣬾ͺͻȻģݶбС

С
ںȻĲ֮ͣɫܾķǳֱӡ
˵ǸͬԶԶģǡ
䲻Ϊ
ҲûôԶţҲģᣬǰɡԼ˵ʳҲ̫еףƻȻı䣬һ˶ٶе㲻ϲİɣᳶ䣬䣺ұֻ֤

Ǹǳ˵Ķȴšһޣûޣֶһ
ֱ̧ۣ䣬תһࡣ
ʸתȥԴյǰĿ
תʱְરસȥ
ʹӦ
͸硭
תתȥֻС㣬βֻͣҲҡͣˡ
գθ

ʵʱҲЦЦ绨Ӧ
ϣһ𣿡
룬Ǻܿ춼Ҫˣ㻹ټ棬һԶĻȴһС
歶˻ʺһ֮ĸȻԷɷ򻹲֪ںδȥ磬涼ѡôһ˵εǸѵõĻᡣ
Һ͸ԺһʱԶ˳Σһصģ԰ɡ
üģޱ飬յͷ

Ǻһ歶Էɷһˮɽ̴ֵһһг²СһˣƺƵڴĵĴʻݡ


104. һ   ¡

Ǹ, ů㣬ơ
ֵʻ·ʳǹǽ, һֲڣԺ֮һ, ڸͷϣңңõõ߽

ͣ¡
Ժ֮ǣ, , Цǡ³
˱ڳ, ЦҪȥ, 鶼ʮֺãϲɫ
ɷˣʲôˣͬȥķԺ֮̾
˶Ц
Ժ֮ʵģ, ˽ԾǴǰƢ, ⣬ˬʲ, ʱԹʵۺࡣ

, Լµ, ΢΢ü
ʱԺ֮ʵ
𣺡졣
䣬һ, ˸٣Ǵǹ٣ɱ, ٳٲ飡Ժ֮ɫ
ʥ϶ˡüģԴԺ֮ǻ󣬲֪ΪΣʱʱʱӲˡ
ǾͺáԺ֮Цһ·˳磬ȥء
买֡

Ժ֮ԱδߣĿ⿴泵ԷɷɱڴߣʮʶȤһ㿪ֳԱס
Ժ֮һǴǰ̧ۣ
Ժ֮Էɷ֪ҲҪ֮£һ磬Ҵҳ·ڡ
Ŀ֮£Ҳûʲô˵ġ
Ժ֮΢΢һЦĿͣ·Сġú档

Ժ֮ʻ֣ţ˹ٵ
Ư
£ݳݺɣﲪƿֻ񣬻ľʢҰҰֲݸͳлԾĴĲһȻҰȤ鶯֮ζ
Ӱ߲ӳƽ̹ĵ·ϣ棬㡣
ֻĿ˵

ˤˡ
ԣһСĻʣ⳵Сˤ
Ҫٰ£

ϴνҲͬһ·ڲУջģֵϺգһ·϶ڳл˯ż⿴һۣΨѩ뺮䡣
ηԵطò

ݣ
ϡٴʱ³ǻԷɷɺݳһǶѧ£·һӦＱӹ棬˵⳩졣
ˣֻУǰС

Էɷֱٳǰ٣ſ
߽ͣرװ
Ȼ˳Է֮ʱȴԲơʲôرװԭƤ
ôŪģ
ϸˣ촽ϣһԵĺɫ˺ۣˤ𣬻ǿģôɡ
Էɷɴ꣬ɫһ䣺òᡭ
ʲôʲôæʡ
Ǹҩˣʵ
ɲʲôߴɣ뵽Էɷһҹδ飬ʱҲʧɫ㣬㲻ġ

Էɷɰڰ֣ʱڴ˵ĻԶԶںͷ
ʲôءûе¡ԷɷɵҲҧһڡ
歶ӣʼ׽ҧһڵ⡣

ҪȥĶһӶǵҡԷɷɵŸβͲݣСĳ˿ڣ˻һ
ôˣɻ
歶ҲһʱδӦ԰ҧ𣿡
ԷɷɹЦѵȾһĨΣͷ

歶еɵۣ׹ʱ⻹˵Էɷɣʵʵڡ̫ˣ
ԷɷЦĿģĶŶˣûˡǸɣС
歶ŭˣ㣬㣬㲻֪ܣСʣߣˣ

歶ʱߣٲԷɷɣ΢ҿ룬ǸڻһֱǸءոﻹǸء

ʱʻͬһڿռʮֿԣŰһЩߣݣȻԵñƣͶôնʻе㲻˼Ͼ̫һһȫһ̶̰գȴʮȻתȻû˿ڡ

һγ׷¹ʲôҲ
ϣƽӴ͸ϣϣԼϡ޳һҳ°׽ۣȥ˹ٳеɷ̫ɹůüۼɢЩģһλҹӳ̤ࡣ

ʺϲӵȻǸҲϲʲôϲģһζ
ʱ˱㿴Ȳ裬ſţʱſšȻȻı㿿ȣֻ߱ȡ

һ׹ʱһ
ͺͻȻģϣȻͷԤ׵һ¡
еžһµڵϣüЦסͨա

˵һΣеڶΡٺ·Ȼ£ʷ֣ԭǻġֻѵˮǳֹУܸо˴е⡣
ģѵˮ·Ѳ룬ɵģ
ÿÿǹ󣬶ʮ̹Ȼ³˽̸ҲɫһɴݵȴҪһƽ飬ָ򶨡
Էɷ˵ʱĲ¶ڶ

ӳżȶķƽ
ʱסпջʱ޴ũңʱɴСһ·Ϲƽԭ꣬ɽͣݴͬһչĿϾӣĿ֮̾档
·͵ũţũڸ죬̧ͷһۡ
ˣС׷Ż󳵺ͿܣʱЩǹȥ󻶺

żʻҰСԶԶǵĹˮ
úֱڿҰеĿ⡣

۽Ƿ޳ڷⷭתӥչᣬɣСۻңƽкá
ѧ
սһСк
Скɴ۾æͷ
˸֦ݸкڿƣСкԾԾԣ±⼸ǱȻ
ҲҪѧŮǲˡ
˶顣
˿յأͱʣʯͷϣ֡

ԭΪͯǻ䣬˭֪ȴȫȻ֮⡣俴䣬Ц·ʮȻȴģһһ飬ʤ䷳
йȻȻʣֻҰ⣬ϯĽأſʯͷȻ˱ͦԨ֮ϡͯǲ֪ݣȴΪֶԴ֮۷
ҪǣҲ֪˺ηϰ仹ǽ飬׾ٱᡣ
̶ʱ䣬ϰһʽϵ֣˭ϲͯŽΧס뿪ʱᣬ׷Զʲôʱ

ʾĴ䡣
ô
ҡҡͷЦŵûʲô
ȴ֪⣬΢΢һЦԺˣ
ʶٲ⣬ΪҵҵôЩ꣬ЪЪȥԼ£ҲӦõģڳҰݼ֮λ֮ӰֻܺԺ֮Ըˡ

ȴ˼һ·ؿһ˼·Գ˵£׫¼ʳ˵ãһأ㿼쵱ʳԺá
⣡
˫۷Ź⣬һļƻ˵ʵ֡
ҲУ˳Щ㡣ֵ
ȴѾܿˣԤУһͻ룬гһգܳ档ܳ

Ц
ػʲԣЦʲô
ҡҡͷЦĲУܾôŹ׷ͣʵЦʲô
ÿЩǵӰȻãСͦɰ
ǰܿɰʻɵĿ䣬Ц
ϲкŮʵ
ϲ˵ккĺãŮҲŮ
Ȼסڡ
ͷЦã֪ˡ
ʣ֪ʲô˰֪ɫϼ

ºڴﵽĿĵأݡ

˴ȫ˽³Уû֪ͨκˣֱһ˺Ƶݣصĸլ̫شСԱŵ֪ϢҴҸ
䲦ʱǣ򵥵ĺѺ󣬱⣬ܺл̫ص˺⣬һ⣬ýӴҪţ಻Ҫš̫һ˱ֻȥ
ԷɷɵȻûй̫صЩҹ²ð

ʻصլļ
Щ仯Ϥĵطİլɱԭһεϴ٣̫ضٹ˼ݣ˴һţھӺĸҵµĻżտһ¡
ĸĲҵ䰲ȥʲġ
ֱҲҪκʹˣó;ֻϰܻȥο壬ʵأȥҲһ

ˮɨʰʱʱ¹ۿʰʱ⡣
ĸϲ齣ҴСȥ
ݣоڣͷСڡʻƿǰĸϣС¯Ųˮ뵡
Сʱĸڴִֹ˵

ۣҲڣˡ
ƹ쾮ݺָһô俴
껹ʱһ񵰣ųˣĸһ١
ߣɴ׳֦Ҷï

ĸŭڶߣСʱˣֻǼŵѣΪβܳԡСԡ
СʺҲʺôĸˣʳǣֺοȥǣ˼Ҽ飬𣿡
Сʲ
ĸҲٶԣֻСվµš
ƻ֮ʱ鳲񵰱͵ʱĽűɳȥ֦Ҷ䣬棬ϷС
е棬ӣСϡ
С۵Ŀˡ

ԭмʯݣұڴ˴ˡ
ָݺԺһطĸ˰ǲƽˡ
ʾһĿůĸĿʼ˺δ߹ֱա
ʵͷš

СʡС
Ժ⣬һϤס
磿ʾϲ
ʱ⶷תƣ׺ɣ˷ǣʶھˣ޵ļޣߵߣϵϣЩѲˡʻլ·ϣˡ

ǰӣغ׳ʵƤڣһЦ¶־ԵĴʶʱϳСʱһˣڼҸ硣
Сʱܽ磬񳤴ôЩף³ʱĿڵ³磬ңһˡ
³ףǺǵЦ֪һģҳء

䲻ɫ³
Ժδʰãڣʱ³վ죬˴˶ܿġ
ɫȻվһԡ
λǣ³ʵ
ǽˣЦ΢е죬ݣ䣬ʶ˶٣Цδ
ô˵ʱкȻظо֮ˮɣδĹֱ˿̣ڹ磬ôʱֻңʾϵ䶨֮С
ͶһƳ΢䡣

ǰ̫صãѾˣδȷݣȣ֪Ǹ³е˸ģȴΪʸˣЦպҪֱϲƺȡ
񣬿Ȼ
³ЦҲˣѾ꣬մ㡣
˵˻Լպ³뿪

֪СʱƬĺǶ棬̵ܶģӮ֮񶼻ǵء
Ŀ³ԶȥʱȤ£Զ㿪ĵĶ˵
䵭ʲôãŮܡ
ЦСʱʲô;档
䣺Ŷ
ʳʱУ̾벻ȻѳɼңС
䣺
һ£Ц֪𣿴ǰĸЦ˵󣬽ҡ
վʿƽɤ͸⣺ʲô
ţ
ڸоˣ̧䣬ҿţףȻһЦ
ɣ͸磬òᡭ
תĿ⡣

̲סЦʵ벻侹Ȼ³ͷεǰҶģһЦı顣
üġ
֡
ʹЦˣקס䣬ϸѽС
䲻䲻ȵĿһۣ΢΢üʲôҲû˵ȴ΢΢һǱ̨ʣҺʶȤɼҵ

̲סЦˣôӱ۴üۼкһţޱˡ
ǰ绨Цգһ㲻ɢļů
Ժԣڡ˵
ݴˡЦĲС

ͥԺʰ׵ʵ˸ס¡
գɽǰȥɨĹ

ĸСʻˡ
ĸʱҴ뿪ǳĸĹкãǰʯ϶ðЩҰݣһشصС
ʽҰݰȥָĹ

ЩżμĸĸЦòһǰΪԼޣᱯʹȻĹǰȴֻ˼ˮ
ƽͣůЩڰѣЩʹѹʹίµĳУ޼Ѱ
ĸ뿴ġ
΢Ц
ʲô˵ĸֻҪЦݣ㶼֪ˣˡ

ĸ䡣Ҵˡ
Ⱦ֣ݣĹǰ˫ϥأֱͦ㣬¶֣ء
ݹճӣ䣬ݼĸˡ
زԴ䣬ľƣżȸչɹǫԱţŽ˿龳̬档
Сãͨؽ֮á
ڴģִ֮ϣСһٻһȫΨһˣ޶ġĸӦʡ
أͷ
ʲ׿䣬һƬž

Ȼƾչһ磬һӶ޷
ĸͬˡ૵
ӹһɲǣ·ڤڤ֮иϻ˻˯ĸصһ𣺸ȥɡúõġ
ʱۿ
ĸ
סģһٿͷлĸ
ĸϸ۰ůˣԷģ䳤ڴˣʵõİȴδжϣ֮⣬ϻһˣҲͬһþãԶ䰮

ɽԴ䣬ɫĻɽҰ
ǣ֣ģɽߡ
쵵ĺųɹַɵС
⽫ƲȾɽɫɾǣ֣ůü۽Ⱦǰɽˮɫһ͡

͸磬㻹ǵǳʱ𣿡
ǵˡ
ʹ˻֣һۡ
䴽ǹ᲻ǵãʱ븮ĳϲӣڻ˯Ȼһ۱㿴ʱſˡ
ʱкθ롣ʣԼʵһμл˯ѡ
ŵӣСƿϣһο룬ÿѽ
һĻա
أ͸磬һμңʲô

Ưĺַɹˣ˫ɶ׷ŷɹ
һ룬룬˭ҵС

֪ҼҵС

ꡪ






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