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1.  һ ţ׽棩   ˵Сؾ

꣬³ʮ
ʢһƬװع⧲

˵·ݸ봺ʱǰҲǴ磬ҹﴺѩ轵Ժ̿

ů䣬һݵŮӱŻ׶ŻеС˯׶۾

Сڳʳιסú󣬿е׶Ѿ˯ؽŵϡ

Խ˯ˣԱʡ

κ΢΢ͷӹеĽظԽϣҴҴǡԽκԽ׵ܣࡣ

κ߳䡣ֻյ٣һƷƲҡһǳɫԽȹüĿ㣬ɫ

ͣ²ӣ˵֣ðֺľǽɡ

ֳǣתȥ

ڹЪЪ֣˵Խֻ꣬һֱţЩ

ִ߽꣬ǰˣ˶ᡣ



κͷʾ֣ͰչԽľɽ

¹ѩѩδ·ǲߣɷϼȥ¡Щǡ

ǰҪغӣϸĪ˷纮ľҲ

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ǡľ˳ȥ

ʣ֣Ǳ߿ùˣ

ֻأ˵үùţŷ˯ˣȥ鷿˵Ƿ˺ȥ

ݸһЦ壬ʱˡ

ȰЦЦѵ¶СŮģǰү˵ˣҪǳţҪ׼ȫˣ·ҲҪע⡣

ͷְױɣ֣ȥ俴Խ

ǣԽ֣߽䡣

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κׯҲķᣬᣬκҲδ˿ЦпҲֻй   ֪

űһͷ˿̾ϢﳤˣЩɿ˹ˡ

Ҫ̷ˣ׵ܣҪκһˣ˭뵽ʮĺܵô¡

κָ֪Цҡͷ֣ȥ±㲻ˣֻϣٺһЩԽƽ󣬱ˡ

һԸģﻹһɾֵ

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ѩ磬ϮκŰöӣǸܵ˿˿⡣

Ҳ࣬ЩС̷ݾﻹ֣洫˽ϡ

˵𣿵[1]ĽҾˣǰ˺飬ҪԷﶼ[2]ΪƸȢﶼǱұ߾ı߳ǡ

Ҳҵ˵ˣȷ£СҲҪؾˣ

λ̨˵ĿĽС

СĽܣ˵˷˵ʹһҲΪ˷ֹʹơ

üüҵһСķˡ



Զϵ˵λСĽܣκҲǶ꣬䲻ʢȴʵʵʢֿȵ

Ŵ󽫾һӣĽܣСʴӱʳƪٲνţ˽ԵȮӡ

ִ˵󽫾æսڹ̣ܽԽţ˲ڷﶼǵϷŮӣʹñһŭ֮´ٽսֲ˱

Ľܱ󽫾ʹʮ֪ϷŮǱҹ
ĽСġ㴫˾ǡ

Ȼ˽ΪĽȻʱ󽫾Ľ˱Ľܵǧ͵ϮӪһΧκԡ˴󽫾֮һѻ˵Ӫܵˡ

˺Ľܴɳϣ󽫾˳Ӫڣ̫/ʧļǶ˻

Ľ𣬱߹ذվսСԲţСãСĽܵרƺš

ȻСδİ֣СʮսϴһŮӣߣ谮мӡ

֮ܶǹСĴŲ᲻һӵܾӢֶɣī书ֱŮɫǹŮ߷Ľ

-

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ڣκ   ľЩ⣬˯ˣȾϷ纮ЦգƽǰʢзЩȤ¡

һȻ£˼֡

ʢͷֵģСҪؾˣЩ˺͹ѾǲĴСòƷԣڴСòΪˡյ

ÿ궼дӹԭ߳ǻؾĲбϱؾĽ죬žǷСǴС·

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κ΢Ǹ˸ߵĳޣСؾֻͨ࣬ǻﴺˡ

ľͬκ룺˵Ǵ˭٣һСಢڣøǲϲСҲʧӡ

ҪڣľֵңͲò˵Сսĸҹӱȵ

Ǿҹǣ˭޸һƽƽ߻г檵˰ձ粵

κüۺЦŶһһаľһֲ˵ľҪأҲҪЩ

ˣգСһ£ɻȤ£κͷ

˷ʶʧԣȻŹ泳Щɫ

մ룺ƽµͦ࣬ȤУҦ˼ҵĹӼǰȥȻƣС˴Ӵ¥˳ȥ˵ʱǱ

˵껹ҡͷЩֻκľǱǱ鶺ˡ

Сǣκʡ

̫ҵĴľصǸֱˬӡ

ľһᣬκҲˣ̫лϣױ㲻װװǰǴ𵶵˶˵ֱ棬û뵽˾һӡ

Ҧ鸮ֲúãҦƫ۶ӣҦôɫһʱЩ

գԡľæ

κ̧ۣ¡

˿˵һֻҪǷ˴󶼲ᷣǣΪӣӦǷǡ

ľЩҳнӹ磺˵̫Ϊ࿴ҹ

̫СлӢٷ磬֮ѹ䣬ڴ   еСĽܣλǾŮ޵ɾ

κڸԶԶлΣȷǸǫǫӡ

κûд𻰣ľֵҲ˳֪ͣλɾȢôõ˶

ϣͻһЩײһԵĺľϣľּקһѲѡ

£ŵ״򻬣ɺã˵

ްѩ·еЩκص

ǣ

עͣ
[1]ܿʷԭΪ죬ԭԱΪ˱ңԭֳƱ߳ǡ
[2]ﶼԭΪһضΪƸ͸졣




2.  ڶ    ³

ʢһɽɽһ£𲻶ϣٹʿս

Ļ۾ʦ˵λõɮĶΪݷû۾ʦ۾ʦֻӼԵ֮ˡ

ԼĪҹѩԵʣ徲κһʱҲֻ·˰ߣǰŮ͹Ӽ˸档

˫ϥϣ˫ֺʮκŮκԸĸռҩܵԽƽϲ֣κһҰȻ˳⡣

֮ľշκһֱվԱߵСɮǰκκʩ۾ʦԺһ𡣡Ժ»֮

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κ죬֪·ֻѵ·ѩ·κʩϸ¡

κף߳

⣬֪ʱƮϸѩǳǳһ㣬մɡΪѩ˻Ժ

˵κ۾ʦʶһԵǰǺ󣬳ǰΪĸΪؤʩࡣ

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ʱˣκҹÿ³   ʮǰΪĸҲ֪׷Тġ

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Ժů¼֣ЩĲɣԼĪܵľӰ죬ʧܸա

£۾ʦźӣϡ
ҡͷŮҵĹ»ǲҪʦ˵ˡ

ʱѱʱŲѾãҪˡ
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ѩ̫ˣɽ·ǲߡľǵ

κŵϻѩ˼ѩ򻬣ǿɽЩѡ

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κ˿ǣûжͬˣ̧۵ľ˸ţٻظչ˺Խ⣬ŵ·Сġ

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ԺȻ᷿ʰɾµı졣᷿Ҳмɮʰձ˾䣺СʦҪ𣿡

ҡҡͷ֪ʦ˵⼸ջǰ᷿Ҳʰ

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Ժѩδ£ϻѩӨ͸¸ӳĵСԺ硣

κϵİö񣬾ѩһ

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ֻ   һ˵ӣôΣ»ΪʲôöǼͷ㡭

Ұһ˳ʵЩԱ˺˵ͷ

ֵ֪𣿡

ҡͷ֪

֪㻹ʣ

ί˵Ҿͺһڹԭ˽ʮˣ˭ͷ÷˹ôãڻ۾ʦ

ԭλǸմӹԭؾСĽ̴ܺܡ

ؾǰ纼ĽһҪȥ£ڻ۾ʦȡһʶ汱ʹվҹɽѰ¡

۾ʦҲϵǻһһֱԺǡĽܱݺ˼佫˽㽫ľϻĽܡ

Ľܴľϻһ˶żͷĽɻѾ۾ʦʦֻǴȥ˱á

ҹѩ񡣻۾ʦסһɽĽδܾԺ᷿

ܣٶ˵һ䣬Ȼȥݶ˯˵ߵÿЩ

ӣҡ

꣡

ԺĽܿ˶վŵıµĺɫУϸ㲻ᱻ֡

ӣôĽܵ£Ҳ˱

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ȣЩĽܵ½ǵλȥ𣿡

ĽƳһܣкɸֵζȻأ

ܵͷŶ

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ֻߣѩɫϸǧ˿䣬ݰ׾δʩ죬üͷ£˵ǣȴһŸ߹

૵ӣλӦǾλ˼ҵĹ

Źڱ߳ǼٹЩҪô󵨺ţֱʾҪôεΣǱ㴹üͷŤ̬

˷⣬ĵһλõһۿžͺܰĹ

Ľ΢תؿŲԶŮӣ˭֪ƽĿ

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ֹ֪˶ãմջĿ⣬ԽԽ䣬ŵҲЩ飬תţ߽˷䡣

ȥһĽ   Ż񣬵ˣ㡣

-

ڶգ磬ȸ

᷿߳漸ɮ˽᷿ı˳Ժеϡ

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ܹ޹أ˲ٶʣȥ˴Сɮ˵Ĵȥʳիʱϻѩ˴롣

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3.      ͻǰ

κţľ˳˲Ϯ³˲˺

ȻǾḻ֣СѾſţֽӹ̧Ժߡ

ԺĻѩѾòˣµбһ㡣
վ⣬æ߽ů

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ѩʱǺӽܶˡֹеűϣŶľյѾͷҲսЩ

øԲ°ɣҲ

һԵСѾ˷ԸתԲʸľգָ˶̺ϥϣ¡

֣Խҹ˯ÿɺãůˣʡ

һȰЦʱҪҳ㣬˵ɽϣֱŸȥԺҹү˯ġ͹ʱūȤָŸ»ȥ˺ԷϷѩ

ЦֻŲ˯ȥԺҲãȹЩ˴ůЩҲܳߣʡƵļ

ǰ˵ľͷɱõö࣬ТģǸж죬˶տЦ

ͼ̸Ц䣬űźϴӣ°ɫȹľҲ򷢻طȥϴ

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ϣܼ޸ɾȴǲ˵ƹˣⲻӣֲúá

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ĽһۣڴǰʣüĿģΪÿؿŴ⣬һϵķ񱻾ߺ󣬵ɢѩһء

ӣƷδŮӽԸ磬ǴҪʢߣڱ߳ʬ˾Ҫơ

Ļۣ̌࣬ٶ˵һ䣬ձر߳ǣϾ约ĽҾ

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Ǹ뾩еıԱӪ˾⣬ûˣɢʱδ壬֪ûб˰̽ӣ˴Բѡ

ܱĽŵһ漴Ӧʢڣã֮ڰѾųȥձ彫

죬ĽɫԻֵܲӣǱּףǺã

룬ּܲܿɣ˵ӻܸɵó£ӵĻشЩϡ

Ľ⣬úЦȻ˻ףҽһˣĽ[1]䲻Ůӣ

ܲ⣬ü˼ʢ   ףԺǸѻر߳ˣӲ벻⴦Ϊʲô

ĽȻ뵽øԶǾܻ飬˱߳ǣε۵һگ뽫˻ؾһ

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ԣͻ飬ҪܣҪ·ɪмӣεҪˣղпܷر߳ǡ

ܣ˽ľϻͻر߳ǣŸͰ裬˵ʢ羰ãΪ⣬סˡ

Ľ⣬ɫ˼緢ǱʢĽܣǸҺ֮ɥ֮ɢС

ӳɽͷ·ĽҶսƲ񷡣

úĽת߰ɣ

עͣ
[1]Ľܣֽ




4.    ϣ׽棩   ʹ

κų԰ߣԶԶƼǰĹϣмλСڽ̸

߽Щ̫лһ˺ѣǷлǰһԾķɫװŮӣŮѾߵõͷ

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ף漴뵽̫Ҫ׵Ĵţֻû뵽ڹȲʢŮлܻӭ

Լ˽Ų˳űһп²糣ŴʮĹسŶλ񣬵ȻҪǶл

лһƷھˣֻǴƷˣκ˺ȴǴӶƷ飬ȴκŮ죬

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Ҷӿ𣬱һֱǱòƾ޵ˣſл˴ΪԼĿһ²Щ⡣ʱл䣬һϲ

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ܹܿ첽½ףӹʹϵĹ飬εС

δͬΪŮӣ̲סЩͬһǶһȥһѻشˡ

Ļܻۣ̌ȴǡƥԡҹػᾭ߳ǣֻҪ˱߳ǣǱĽҾ

ʢ㲻ٿڳҪƥʢһ⣬Ҳ

Ľܾףһü⹬еζʮ㣬ȴûб߳ǵľңڣֻζ

ҲǶ֮ϵƣñ£ʶǰľףԳһСڡ



üһ壬ҪµȻ뵽ڹϣ۾ȥ۱㿴СȻЦһʱȵõͷ

ֻε۳ȵȹݺ飬Ϊӷϴ㲻̸£ˣ

һڱУȴڴʱѹŲᣬ˶óڲñҹĲ

ȹɫԣʹг˳ӣ

εֵ磬һΪĽҾ칦Ϊӷ磬䲻ؾþˡ

ܹܺ磡𡣡
ʱһȺ輧ϸ̨˿Уҡҷˡ

ƽȺԻ
꣬辡˿ͣ輧ˡ

»ʺٿȻĽܣºͣĽСжף





5.       ӥ񡭡

»ʺԳ԰ʱڵ⣬˷׷ײĿ֪ݻ»Ứ˭ҡ

Ľԣջߣоףֵδ

εǺȻ£Ŷ꼰ڣǻδףϲŮӣ˵˵ΪǴͻ顣

Ļ̌ۿɫ߳ս³ԽĩϾ˼Ů鳤

ε۴Цˣ߹ѶҲõ˳ɼҵʱ򣬱ɻʺΪѡһ£Σ

Ľܻδ»ʺѽӹͷչĶδ׵ĹСƣ֮   

ĽɨŮϯһۣδͣ٣Ϊܣȫƾ

ϯ¹Ůʧ֮ɫֻﻺ˰оʷةĴѦš

ţϲ¶ȴ̲סҪЦͷλԤıȴǶתתһȦŵ⣬СҲ֪⣬ȴϷ

ֻϯһŮͻȻʺŮСĽ꣬ԸΪСһΪС칦ӷ磬׼

˳ųķ򿴹ȥȷǰŮʢŮб֮ˣƽޣǹءվ˳嶯ĪĽСѾá

СղŻؾǺʱС
ʣСͼŻм䣬ֻ˵СѾ˺֪ܹ޹أ㲻ϸ롣

԰˺һ»ʺŵҲãвգҲȥţСŮӵķˣٴͻҲ١

Ҳ»ʺͣٵһ󣬱Ȼ׹ˣӦдͻѡǶֻӡ

ʱһ£˿֮Ѷ裬ԣ

֮мŮչʾ֣֮ԲĿҲķ

˽ΪҪΪĽܺͼ˴ͻ֮ʱ»ʺЦʷةѦ硢ƷòѣĽСΪ䣬СΣ

Ľܿǰĵл

˭˲֪ʷةѦǻߵĺˣ˵úЩѦģ˵Щ˵øģѦ˲ǻһĹ

ε۵ǻ꣬Ѧڻ̰֮һλԱǽ¹Ա˸飬ƫϼΪ

¾Ĭһ˲űǵصӦ޻ʺӢ֮ơ

ֻϯɫҰףǼѦţָ׽ģһӡ̡¶ЦѦǲš

ʱıҹͻȻվֵϣĽĽѾã죬ϳȫ

δɫҲ֪ǲãȹӻ޸Сǳ˵   ˡ

Ȼε۱ƽά֣ŭȹŻʺΪĽСʷة֮Ůףû𣿡

ȹԣһ»ʺֻĽΣôͳ˴ͻ飬Ҫ粵

»ʺʱҴöִ࣬Ҫ죬ȻҲΪһżΣ

㡭ȹδ˵꣬㱻վ˻ͷϡС˷ֻǺ֣ϡˡ

ϰ֣ȹº󣬻ϲŵĽҾ˷ʤԻ۹ͣʱһΪ˴ͻ顣

ĽлȺӦͣʥ

-

գۺУȺɢ

лˣԶˣ̧ţջ˼˺



תฮմŮ֣ͣ½Ųߵߣ˲ͬС

˵ʶڰռ뾩ŮϲѹһƧͤţܿҲ˱ϣʱ̶ʼ

ԭΪҲǸӣദ˲֪ǸѵˣձǲϯʫģѰ˱ϡ

һʣʶ꣬ȴǺܿҪõĹѡ

㲻ͬ·ȥֹʺ𣿡ʣֵĳ»ʺ¸Ů˹ȻҪȥݷûʺ

Ѿȥˣǽ磬˵˺һ󻰲԰ֵȻһתҸղŽ԰㣬ڹùߣһ

ʱָ·˽԰ҪǰƼлˣŵת

Ц

ֵҲ߶˵ҸƵģûôùߣұ粻ᡭ

ҲڹһЩлΪ档

ǣŽʱлһСæ˱͡

׷ʺ£㽫´¸һ顣

ƲԭˣǱǵġǲ֪ùüǰ綨ףΪùùôͷڹӼסһûлظ

ֻš

ֽ˵˵Ҳ˿ڣҲǹùñƵý   Щͬˣùˡ

Ц֪ӡ

ͻȻͣϸűҵͦұɩģҾұӿ϶ϵ

һ漴ɫҪ˵պһźۼͷҪ

̧ףָһ·ߣᾭ԰˵漸ϡĺ÷ˣȥûСһ֧÷ǽ

ʫɲá

֪֪ˣҲᵽǰ˵ġűָ֣ߣպ¸Ѿȸں档

һ·˵ŹС˵ϸţʱϼ䡣

ܿ԰ţֺȻһҵĶ׹ˣ

ͣ½Ų̧ۿȻ߶һֻ׹

żǴӹԭѪ׹ɲŪˣȸȥҡУҵԼȥҡ

Ұȥȥͻء˵겻ӦѾȸߣһ·ͷѰҡ

Цתգȥҡ

Щɣˣ߱ûźˡ

ĳɣЦ£ȥɣҾ⴦Զġ

ֻóǣתȥ

վһվþˣе˿˿ӽŵϷǰ˼δתǽǾһ

Ľܣʶ֪꣬ҰĽ㣬Ϊʲôʱ㲻˵仰ŮӵԹ

𣿹ĽңϧǿϱŮӡ£ĪҪ·ǰ񣬺

Ľܻ䣬̧űԽǰߣ漴ϡ

ԣµСĽܺͱҹȣֻ˻Ͷϲ

룬Щ֮»ĪΪãҪתߣֻ̧ͷ㿴ǰӰһʱò֪ζ

ĽܺѾתǽǣ˿ȻҲϳܰλﻹԵ

Ľδͣ۾ȴڲűȻǰֻһ۱㲻ٿ뵽ʱҲˣ»ɣӵòʱ˲ˣ

СĶŮ˽Ҳۣݺɳսպգش߹ذ   տǱ߹صػ񣬸Ǵػ

ΪȻĽܻžηʱ߽ɱ΢ӼС񡣡

ƽԵҹӣԵʶɣʱΪСһ

Ľܵû뵽΢ɫȻ࣬뱱˲䣬ԣл

ú󣬱תĽܶ˽ԶӰЩꡣ

Сǿӥκֻ





6.       Ȼһ۾˳

շ磬ůʢǸ˶µ˴ȵģǲĸ׽ϵԺ߶

κԺڣһյĽͷﶼ顣գڱֲ£ߵůϡ

˵ฮ¹Ͻ֣ɶźˣݣüۺЦᡣ

ߵһ£Ц˵ˣЩòģӲҪġ

գһֱδȵֻѰ˹ȥ

߽԰ĴѰѰ԰ûҵŹſҪֻôæ

ݵ˵Ѫ׹Ǵ͸ļ񣬻СڱҾѰ˶ղŵõġ

ѪůΪŮ˵Ǹ

һϸﰲοֱӻûһͨˣѾڰȥȻҪһֻ

ٷֿǰѾָ飬Ц˵ͬΣƴǣЦӦˡ

Ź˼գ˵ͬ֡

ǰҵİôˡűҲ˶һ˵ķ˶µŮ

ůļ߻һֻǣԽƿ˽顢յһѾߡ

ף㣡κԽֵ֣˽˱

ȻСһֱǵó˵ױ˵˳㻳

ֽϥϣͷϸЦȥˣ

ֽӹҲһЦ⣺γԼ[1]

ʱľ   ӽߵߣ¹Ҫˡ

ԣȰؿŽ˵ЩȥĪ¹õȣǶϸţԽ

Խͷűĸ첲һζ㣬ҪȥĶҲҪȥǰҲźòã

˱Цδڣȥ˵ԽѾᱳǧˣ׻ûԽ飬ԽҪҪǱˣ׿ҪԽġ

˼⣬һֱæŸûпУò˵ˣԽСһﻹĪҪȥˡ

ȻԽͱˣŤŴӱϻȥߵߣڱǧģƣġӯ꾣š

ЦŸ˱һ񣬱ĸ׵˼κԽ˳ȥľҲϡ

-

ǸѾգϣ

࣬ųƾǵһ¥Ľ磬ͥУɢϯ顣̨¥ϣ۰ɴʺ̣ľһš

¥еż䣬λ¹ϥԾ̸һۣ뿴дӣֻһһعƣ·ˮһ㡣

ܣ˵ǵľƱȲñ߳ǵľңҲôȰǴͻ飬ǲϲڸǡ˵֮ҲٴֻϽ𻪷

ĽܵƳһۣ

ӼѦԴ˵ЩǵŮƷԲǸˣǿǿҲܵϽ 

ѦԴʷةˣѦ֮

Ľܻǲֻǿϧ벻СۣպҪˡ

ԱɫԽµӳ٣ĪҪ˵ʥּ£ݲȢѦŮȢԵŮӲɡ

ԭϽ𻪷Ӿӣֳ»ʺܣ١ɫµĹӱǰӣֳ

ٺͼͬĹӼࡣգٸŸʦѧЩȭȵĹŽ̫ӵ£裬йӼ࣬ӵﰵﶼ۸ĸࡣ

ȻһˣδƹٲãȻҪһ

ԼĪȶֻ֣δ   뵽ƽ￴ȥĶŵļƴ

˭ҲûֵúãٵŰ첲Ӽܳ˹Ӽ࣬ŰȱС˱˰

˵ļǴˣ˺Ͱĳսʼˣһ˵ǣһ顣

ϳͣ˳ҪԪ[2]ۣȵ۱λ˳ͷʹѣһӣּ˺ȥԭԻȻܣȥսΪЧ

λ˵ʥͣٺǳӡϽգֻúѶ͵˹ԭǴ󽫾Ľմ

Ȼ󽫾пʱǹܽãתֱ㽫Ƹ˵ʱֺеĽܡ

Ľʱ˱Ľܶ෬ϷŪȻͬ飬һ¶⡣ٺĽܼƷԲЩԴ죬Ī֮

Ľܴٺͼˣ˻߳ǣ͵ﶼ˵ݹڱҷﶼڣεݻõŮӷİνƭǮƭɫ

һ꣬ĽΣսٺͼȻҲȥȻΪǵİΣ󽫾ֻӪڲú֮£δս

һֱµ۵ǻŻؾ

ڱְٱƷУξھܴӪš

ٵһۼⲻǰﰢܳ⣬˵˵պȢ˲ϲŮӣΣ

¾ƱȻǾٰüྴ

㡭У˵㣬ᶯƤӡٱҭû˻þƱһתѰ˻ͷ˵ϰܵģʲôʱܣô֪

֮ϣһ辪ΪС칦Ȼڷ䴫ΪѻɲŮòΪ䡣

ȻЩֻ˽ۣϿɲ˵ϾѾСͻԵŮӡ

俴һ٣ŶĽܵйأЩţԻؾ֮Ƿʵұ˵ʵ˵˰¡

šĽܵ

ͻ֮²ᣬױңټ֮ڱ߳ǲս£ûлر߳ǣδ㣿ʡ

ĽܾĬúŪ㣿ºףȥӪҪҴ𣿡һһε۰ŵˣС

ڶգεʥּҰ𾪡

һʥּΪ   Һ׵ּ⣬³¼ޱҡ

ڶʥּͻڴ󽫾֮ĽʷةŮѦţºס

ʥּ۹ͣ˽Һ׵ƥ͸ĽҾ⣬󽫾֮ĽܷƷϽ澩Ӫͳ죬ͬʢǷ׺Ρ

ε۹ȻƵƺ֮ʩһĽҾַĽܣĽܻǴ󽫾ּл

һ棬ĽӪͳ죬ȴҪ¶ͬ飬߸ǰ˸ΪģʵΪӡ

ˣսܹǺ£ĽҾͱ߳ǵİҲúһˡȻزȥھǴţҺҲزʢȤٵ

ⷬͬݣ˵ǡһʱز˱߳ǣһǵİ顣

ٺͼ˵꣬ĽܣӦ

šĽĲɻص

Ĵδʵ͸϶ԿϵˣһԶиӰȻһ۾˳

עͣ
[1]γԼǳԼҲӥ׽С
[2]Ԫ˽裬൱鷿




7.       ּ

ټĽһֱŴ⣬ΪϷȤ֮£ƿ˴˫ֳŴ֡

Ľ˲㲻ֵǸӰԹ˰뱭ƣҡ£һ

ƽһ޶ȻûпȤ֮¡ֻԶλŮУһλ֣߽Щٿǡ

˵ҲɣλŮֺκմһ֬߳ŴȹΪŰɫΪҺɫԶԶţλŮ

ԼüϬֺȻ̧ͷÿ˴ߵ٣֣ȻƲָָĽš

ŮҳţһЩС֬ˮۣһʱŵѾ߻Ѿ˺ЩС

ۣ㿴˽¥ż䴰ߵ٣ʱĸǣƽﲻӦ̫۸

ЦȻֵ˼ǵͷŶܣȥϽλ

żϵСǰССƣŻòڡ

˻ʶȥ죬Żζ   ˵˺ҹӡ

ܷ߷ߵ¹˵λ¸ջʢʶ

ÿλżﴫЩ󷭸̧ۣ¥ߣһһţҪλ

Ľԣ¾ƱָžƱԵʣ˭

ת֣һλκ鸮ĴӦߵˣЪЪš

κ飿κ˺ͣĽܻ˼΢һ˲

ԣ

߳磬̧۱㿴Զı֣ϳ˱΢һ£㽫¥ʱ뷨һɶ뵽Ӧþǽÿλˡ

ǰ֮ͣ⣬ֵλ١λ¥

ΪǽСˣЦлȻתԱ˵ǿȥűֱҪߡ

ֿٺ󣬱ȥϢһ󣬺ȿˮЪЪţҲýЩۣͬˡ

ֵԵʣ˵죬ȴҲʶ˶գһȱ赹Ҳ̫Ϊѡ

Щ죬һʱ벻Ҳϸ룬߽˽硣

һ¥ɢϯУ¥żҪǰԤȻҲǲжġ

˺ܿߵ¥ϣԼĪżŴ򿪣١

磬Ҳ߯ˣȥɣż͹ҺͰˡƿٱҪߣ̧۱㿴ĽܺͼϢһͣſڡ

˳Ŀ⿴żڣôһסƽѧǹأס

żڣĽ֪ܲʱȻöЩĿӼɨͣڱƬ̣ϵľƱ

ĬҡȣſڣͬϷ

ֻЦĵȻµãǲһˣһţ

ֵĻԶһ£Ųδ룬ֻЪЪҲ޲ɣȴλ밢ܺʶ

ܿ췴ӦĽܺͼüŪۣҲãǲˣԵȡ

ԣ侲¹ӿˣŽּ˵ãǱá˵һ䡣

ֻ   תΪһŮģΪŴ󷽵˵ǰ磬ͺãȥɡ

ٺǲΪͻȻı⣬ǲôͻȻ˸Ƶ˵ԥߣͷһ䣬Ȼǽȥţ

Ц˵òãͺáʵҧгݣֻ١

֪żˣͰСǰ˶ˣֲô˻ֲɩӣã

ٸĽܺͼٿȻվ٣ˣżøλ

д⣬̧űҪߣſڡ

һƴǣԵСֻлСлλӡ

Ҳ͵лС

Ľǰ˵ĹѾվǰͷһۣܿת¥

գۣȴŸ첲ݺݵšһѡ

˻ʹһûмƽϣֱȥ׷ǰˣ򳣱۸Ѿϰˡ

κֲûֱ߽ż䣬ǶվϣĿ߳硣

ַһקű߽ż䣬顱һţһѾ߻Ա棬

ȥ֮һߣˣСһøģˣòּС˵Ժô

Ҳ£Ц

ſָֻ¶ֻ۾űʣҷǲǺףأǲǺܴ֣ǲǻˣ

ȻͷЦҡͷοе£ֻǻЩҿźϲأ

𣿡ַ֣űһʵûϴڶλŲ˵׷ɷĸ˶𣿡

·ǰձڶһλˣŲ˵׷ǰܣﻹ޺šɱǧģԵ𡱡

룬ʵصͷģһ㶼ôأ

ǾͺãǾͺáָؿڣͻȻͷһתֲ̾ö˵СΪˣҲֻСúÿЩǱ翡Щ

걱شԼü˵ҾûС   úÿЩĪΪҶԱ̫Ϥˣ˵أ

ĻҪȽϣ̫ԣΪҪȽ϶ˣüһģں˼Щʲôúÿÿɶ޹ء

Ҳ˵СѾ˻飬ˣ˵ǰı磬ԺҲǱҹķǷÿϵ

͸ûйϵˡ

˭˵ģ֮ģ˽ܼ֮ѾܸˣֺأֺһǴ˵ԼЩȡ

ַֻɾĲ豭Ե˰뱭ˮһֻƵǰһ

豭ਣֵĻͦ

Ҳû˹֮⣬ͷ¸ǽ͵κǰǰฮķ

-

ҹɫУһӰɿӹǱ鷿

ӣѦһλ书ǿ̴ӣҵֻԿ˱в˵

Ľܳ˼

ֵǴϢƣѦȥ;·٣ѦΪ̴ӱ

ĽҰ㲻϶⣬ԳƵϸ֣ϢĹ򣬿һ㷢ǣ²̴ֹô򵥡

ãĽܳ迿ֻ̫ԶԶţ¾УлᣬвһݣסҪ¶ǡ

ǡ




8.   ⣨ɶƪ   Ǵ롭

ǰδСĽܣĽһ£ȷʵġ

ٳսСŮӴˣĽܴսϴһŮӣߣ谮мӣ»ȴ

ؾ󣬼ֳ֪Ľܲûг檣߸ûźŮϷҹһ¶ֻ⣬з˶Ľܽһ˿ƫ

ǵʼСʱ˼òŵһ䡰Ϊˡ֪ӣǲ˵ѡԼĪǴʱйһ꽫

չ磬ĽܣԣΪˣֻһþԻǸ緢꽫ȫغϡԼʱˣĽܲڳöķƳһۣߵõͷ

   ʺҪΪͻ飬ɫһܿ˾ǾǹŮĵ䷶·ִ磬δһ£ҲΨһһ

ɹʡ

ԼʺŮСĽ꣬ԸΪСһΪС칦ӷ磬׼

ʱһƬĬԼײܵϺͻʺϬӣԼϯ¸ͶĿϷĿ⡣

ɵʱѾµȻϺͻʺҪΪСͻ飬Ȼѡʥ⡣

𣿲ڡ

սָסʺ˵ҲãвգҲȥţСŮӵķˣٴͻ鲻١

һ̣ȸԾġϯ֮ǰװؿһĽܣžףû̧ۡ

ʱ⣬û籸ãǼžŮ֮Ƶļÿһ¡ָ輧ĳ£һ裬ںĳƻҡҷ

׼裬ĳ˼[1]

գޣֻȻУİ·ˣȴǺʧ䣬Ȼ¼λﵯĹ֮ҲδۣԲ룬ҲδͻҲԸ²͸

ʷةѦ硢ƷòѣСΪ䣬СΣ

ʺﻰ羪ףһ˲ʧȥϢδü˼Ľܵл

һƬӦлعʱѾлѳɶ֡ϸոϼѦѦţòмѣ˳Ҳ䡣

ӼˣԵ
㣬Ҳá

ƣЦһǻƵζȻϼѣôһأԼĪǴˡ

ֻһǰ£ϼ˼֮ǾŮ߹ݡ
һգĴﻻˣ˰Я

ƽϲ֣á

עͣ
[1]׼裬ĳ˼дԸʡָϳࡷ֪裬׼




9.  ڰ ҹ   ף¡

ʢů˼С꣬תۼ価±ȥˡ

ʢﻹ겻ѵģ   ףʮױͣմӹſ͵˳⡣

ϼŻʹķݣųڵİϥ񣬰ߵףߺǧǧǧǧꡣ

ǧ꣬ǶԶ޵õף̡ȥһ𣬾Ѽƽǧ꣬гһգٹ

һʢѾȥ࣬˾ûղŷ

-

ʣκԷ԰һƬЦ

ǰһŰϯЯԽڰǰְֽд֣һСּΪ㡣

ȻԽֲֻ̣ǴԽʶЩֶѣκ˺ԻΪ

ƫԽҪˣʶһֱҪʳһ֡ʳԶ˲պּۻۣʶֱʳһڡ

ԽɱˣƢĻΪȤһԵĽڹϣЦˣ˭Ҳ

˶ڿЦλȻҲûвԣվһ߿Ϸ¶۰Ц⡣һԵǣҲ͵Ц

ŵĻԺС˴ӺԷСŽ߽Щͣ½Ųˣ㷻ƹ

㷻κӣҲǽļױӡò֮κׯӱһֱɱƹÿ»κһ֧

ǰգƹʱƹ˵˺㣬Ѿϣã֮޺ԼĪ˽

±ʣ̧ͷ˵ɣľȥ԰

ЦƹǸˣôһֱڹ㷻ҲδˣռȻˣ

Ҳ뵽⴦ľƹ԰

ʱľˣˣһɫۣƹ񣬺滹һСˡ

ƹһϲԷ˲ԺЩѾòˣվȻˡ

ƹ񣺡ˣ

ƹ񣬺þòˡ˵ϢҪȳЩ

ƹҲ̾ǰּˣˣǴˣ

ү֮󣬸ǼˣҲﲻæֻܰտׯӺӡ

˳֮Ѱҽҩκֻҡͷ˵š   ҲֵǣүôһŮĪ׷ͺڷˡ

ĸ׽Ԩǳкʿɽ֣֪ȥ

꣬κ˺һҰڽԨ£뽪ʶ֪Ը״Ԫֿκ˺뽪˳ɻ󣬽Ԩһ⣬Դ˹

ĪҪΪҵģȴǰѾ̫ˣչ£

ǰƹ˵ЩϣտϹʡ

µǡƹӹСеĺƺУǰֱݸֺľ

ֺľ򿪺ӣֱַݸ˽ͱս˲ŵ㣬ϸϸһ£ƢȷʵǸö

лƹˡϿ֣

˶ˣǶŷմ󰲣ĲƤëѣĪҪϡƹ΢΢ͷ󣬲ֵϻδ˴

ҡҡͷ롣

һʣƹϰԣʱбܻ䣿

ƹ񣺡вɰ򲻿Сʳڣҹȼãζ֣ƽݻͷ

ü壬˼һ˲ͻҹ㣬Σ

ૣҹ㣬ҹ㣬ҹȥ[1]Ƿҹȼãֲʧʫϣͻҹɡ

л

ƹ˼䣬ֲƹ

ûϸǵĶԻ·ͷҹ£һ˽ҹ͵ฮ

ԽʱѾ͵͵Թ˵е֣մֽд֡

ץצɾ˴СԴ϶˵˾䡰Сè

룬²㷻Сܵ˵㷻ﱻɰжѪƹѾץ˾׸Ρ

һַԸǲҪҽһҪŽԼľո㷻

䲻֪ε㣬ȴҲ֪ɰѰ֮£ôжأĪʳˣʳô˵㷻Ĺʧ

ϸ˼㷻²ʱƹͱ׸̫ˡ   Ҳ˵жˣҪôǸҪôˡ

ƹδйܻأĪǻͬеļޣ˵볯֮йأҪһӵ

ⱳ֮ôһ㷻̫Щܹһ

̾˿Щֻ룬λҪ˾׸֪Ҫȥ㷻˽ȫ룬ȥ׸ԩ

㷻ץƹѾȥһʱˣԭֵİҲ߹ˡ

ʱֻ㷻СϣԶԶŶڡŰɫĻ飬ľմ

ˣƹ񡭡㷻С˿ǰ

˰֣ʾȲҪ̧߽㷻

㷻Ǳǿһ㣬ʮֻңϺڰϣڵصϻƺв

ϵİգ㷻ҵˣܿ־۵һָָ㣬۲ϡ

㷻С˼ΧԽԽ࣬Ҫţת峺Ļţ㷻⣬ʮ꣬δǼû£ΪʲôҪţ

СһʱſøЩ㷻ǽҲ¶Ŀ֮¡

ٰտ㷻Ĳ״˱Ӱ죬ʼ㷻˵

˵ǰõһֱ㷻ϣζ嵭ţ⸾Ҳ˷ǵĸ

˵͸˵㷻㣬˵ǹЩȴǼΪ⡣

ǰǰžԲ㷻Ĵ

һ˭˵׼ǰûվͲأ

˵ʲôأǰۣ߳ıˡ

СŮлλף¶ˮʯ㷻Ĵ㷻Դ˹ţٿ㷻Ĵ׸㷻ƹСŮָ

ã˵úáֽкá

ȻҶˣܹи˵ҲٳԴţſ¡

԰գת߽㷻侲Сˣ˵˵ʲô£

Сһ£ŵ˵ʱңһһʬ޺˵㷻ж˵ǲ⳥ӾҪ״浽   

˴ֲ£ãôõҹ㣬һǮģƹ˴˳ȥ

ԵĶֶΣƹῴδҪ˴˳ȥ

˭֪ʱ׸㷻Ƕƺһͨңָץƹ

עͣ
[1]ҹȥơ׾סǻ





10.  ھ ׸׽棩   ּˡ

¹ˣһʼȻֻΪ˶Ϊϸ澩׸ΪβԵɱ϶㷻Ĵ

ü˼ʣȴ˿ԽΣԽпܲ㷻ĴƲ

꣬˿˵жж˵ʳľʡ

ҡͷҹ㣬δ˵жֻ˵Ѫͣ˴˵ɰжҹ㣬ȷʵɰ

ҹԹƺܻӭǽ㷻õһϣԭϹأɶãƹ˹涨ÿֻʮС

Ҳ˵˴ֲ£žͲõҹˣҹеɰ֮٣ɰʹж

Ҳˡ
꣬ӲųȥظεĸЩǮտһƹ񣬲ҪƤࡣ

ǲȥ׸ԩ𣿡Щʡ

ҡҡͷҪȥһǷ볯֮йأɫѾˡ

ǳʱ㷻Χ۰Ѿɢˣפ㣬Ҳûжԡ
κ

-

κǰԺ鷿ĵκ˺⡣ƽﰢЩȴǴ鷿˵´

κ˺ʹȤ磬ǹﴵлл

ܼҲЦӦͣүСѾлˡ

ΣһϦ֮䳤󣬴Ӵ˱ҲûеǵСʱİ龫֣ǶЦͣ

ׯ󷽣һֱÿǷµ̫˰ȤżܶԼȴһס

ɫʵճϿ͵ĹԱ

κ˺ͻЦݣʣγԣ

㷻ˡ

㷻ˣʲôˣκ˺ͺܿ뵽   㻳Ըң

㷻´½һǣҪµ˲ʱ׸ĸץƹ񡣡

κ˺ͻͷ˵·Ҳδ˽Թõġ

ԣ볯йأǾ㷻йˣܲɡ

Ѿ뵽ν¾Ͳͷˡ

κ˺Ϳг񣬵ǲչЦҲãѴҡ

-

׸Ժͤ

֣ھžƱЦֶǸһ

ĽԣƱȴδֱ֣Ӿ˿С

֣ڸЦһһ¾ƱڨЦ˵ֶЩæڽ磬ֶҪϯ

Ļۣ̌˵

֣ڼĽڴˣǻ˿Цô䵽ͷˡ

׸֣ڣǸͨ͸ˣǿ˾ЯĹλСǿó

ּС£˼Ҳ֪ɲС

˭ֻҪ󽫾ڹԭһգϱ㲻׶СҪŭǰλܱܲͺ˵ˣΪѾ龫˺Щ졣

˳֮󣬻ںԪСΡδ˽СһմæСһ

С˵ǸԼȴǴµڣ仰δ˵

ֻЦţСۣһһֶ׽ϣҲǰδˡ

ˡˡ
Զͤ

֣ڷ¾ƱˣȥǺ˻ģ

ܿ츮һ·ֵܽˣκ鸮ڻġ

κ鸮Ȼԩ֣æ״ˣ

ǸŲ˵̧ͷ͵һĽܣ֣֪˼󷽵£Сˣֻ˵

ֻ˵״ˡ

ʲô֣ܾȷһ飬˵״˭

״澩֣ˡ

Ľܷ¾Ʊǹκ鸮ȤһϷģʣ֣ˣһͬȥÿ

ôȥϣǵطǰͨտɶ   ü˵ҲԼ˺£Ϊʢյĸĸ٣ӻҪġ

ֻǲ֪κΪβڳӵҪ浽׸ĪǣΪ˸ֱ棿

֣ڣϣҵүŶԹǶǸʲôԵģôڸȺһȺµĶ

һͨͲţκˣκ鸮Ĵ

֣ڸأκ˾ͺãκˡκǾͿˣܲܳģǲǶˣȥ˽һҪᣬûУ

ˣˡֱͷȴûж

֣߳ͤӣŸ̧һţȥ²Ĺ

Ȳĸ֣֮תĽ˵㿴⣬ֶȻȥ磬㣬Σ

Ľ֪ܲʱˣٱƣ˵һҹģ̧ۿ֣ڣԣˣľƲĪҪ

ַ֣ҵСŰ仰˵û

ҸװϣҪҪ٣㿴е˽¡

ˣκˡ

ŸĽСҲͤеĽܣﰵһ˲漴

СŮκϣС֣ˡ

֣ûüĽܣҲ뿪ˣϷ㿴ϷɣҪҲû˷ӣܲø˳ȥǲ

ӭǰЦʣκҾ׸ν°ΪҪ״汾٣κ⣿

֣ڵĻǰ㲻֪Ϊεãʣȴǵ⣺֣Ϊɸץκˣκӣ

콵һڹ֣һãȻץκˣκӣûе£ٴδ¹
һæͷתĻԼ¡

˾ȣһʱҲ²͸װģͲ֪
ͤĽܺȻκɽ齲ϸЩ

㶣лȻʾľ㽫յؽһ顣

֣꣬ʱŸһţŭٺʱȥӣ˭ȥץˣǸµأʬأʲôûǾ͸Ҹˣ

ײ˱ľűƵͤ   ߣĽ֮Զ

Ҷˣ˵˭µ֣ЩۣЪϢ

ʹξξȥץˡʵһ䣬ǲ֪κ˼ҵӣԼ˵˺󰤴

أٺǸµˣٴҪ󡣡֣ں

ſڵĸȾܣһҲᰤһߡ

֣תκ±ٶﲻ£ԵȺ򡣡

ףĽܶʯϣǰڷ֣ڵľƱտһۣͱĽֱһõԱߣ׸Ѿæ̽ӹ

ʱ˵ʶ˭û˵ֻŵȺ

ʱһŻܽˣ֣ˣֻʧ󣬴󣬴󡭡ˣฮĹӺĹˡ

ʲô֣𾪡

ֻһŮȣ˭˵㷻ж
䣬ֺѾ˺ԺǱȥˣٴžֵˡ

ձҹж뵽֣պýԼһҹ͵ฮҲ֤

ܣҲٿͤеĽܣЩȡ

־ѣҲϳĽܣʱ·ĶࡣֱԽ֣ڣֱĽߡ

֣ڿ಻ԣҪ˵ĽܣмɵȴҲ˺¡Žλȴ򲻸ǵģϾͷϿǻʺ٣ʢСǲ

֣æһվŵѾ߻֣һЦ죬ʰɾˣµĳʳ

ٰ֣ʰ˾УٻˣӲһڳʳֻ˵׸Ժץˣ




11.  ʮ ࣨ׽棩   ҹƪ

֣һ̬ӦĬĬһߵĳϡ

˵ˡ
䣬Ļ̌ܺۿЩȷԼδȫĪǲ᣿

֣ԣæͷӦͣᣬᣬһᡣ

Ҫ󺰣ĽܺѹŵЩᣬϽˡ

֣ҪŸȥˡθǵǺɫ֣˵ʱѾȥηƹ

һ˵ˣˣѾˣͻ㷻

֣   £ƳһˣֻʯΧʯþȻֻͤĳϣϸ룬˭ǲ𣬻ԶЩá

Ѿƹ񣬱Ҳģֻã˾Ȼ

ͷմæδüʶСԲ˵λضʶ

ͷ

ܣٺһĽָܿڵãŵǸƽ

ٻ˵ְоסӣקһ£ס˻ǳЦкСּˡ

Ľܳס

ֵλκ

ԣС񡣡

ĽܻδѾӹ˺ˣʶˡ

ټмˣ㲻ܽ˷Χ漴ЦܣǲѾˣղúˣҶҪǰȥ

ٲᵹãһ£Ľ뵽Ҫɻ飬һͣɫҲѿЩؿһۣٵһɻҭ˿УڨЦŲٳ

ϾǾþɳ֮ˣĽɫһɢֺͱҲЦ⣬˵

֣ڱֵþ͸ˣǸԶЩСһע˼޹аħҲ߯˵ˡ

룬Ск֪ϲŮӳΪԼӣҪȢԵŮӣҲ˲

ٶ˻ͷ̸˱£²ȥ֮˵ΪάŮ̬ҲƽƵĻԾ

͸ûл˵ˣֻЦӦͣԱӦͶӦ͵ĽܣѾ̫ˡ

ֹһ󣬲ξ²Ŵ˼߽Ժӣˡ

֣ǰ̧žҪξǸµˣ䣬վöЩǺˣ״㷻϶ĸף

ͨһأ޺ˣС˼С˱İ㷻вɰС˵ɰжѪһҪΪС

űҪ粵һɷһ£ĸж

Ů̧ͤУĽײ纮ŵͷ㷻ҹ㡣

ҹ㣿֣   üΪϤϲһϣҹȼŻ֮Ч

ֲмһЦ˵˵ҹ㱾ôãûжͷҹ˯øˣôĸжˣ

⻰٣ٵǱ͹ȥҹʵ·ã·ôãȷʵͷʱʹ

֣ڲڣһΣԿǾʵʢͷҹĿɲֹһңΪξֻжˣ

˾ţӶøɸƵģſ޺ҹж˵ҹɰС˵ѪС˲˵ѵģһҪСˡ

Ҳ˵ѣ֣ЩԥתҪʱҹǷɰĽǿѪһ֪٣ʬأ

СѾʬ尲ˡ

ˣĽЦ˵Ļȴ˺£Ȼ֪׸ĸѾõһʬ嶼ڲˣˣ˵ǿԴ͡

⻰ǰûи֣ӣҲ׸òףֻ֣øЦ˵ֶ԰꣬ȥʬ

˫ĿͣȻû뵽Ѿ˵ʬ嶼Ҫڳıʬˡ

ŵö¶֣࣬ڵĽţͷˣˣС˱İСҲ֪˭İС˵ﲻжСֻ㷻ЩǮС֪ˣС֪ˡ

ﱾǷ˵㷻ҹúã̹֪һЩܻɰȥ㷻Ǯ˼

㷻˴˳ԭѾ뷨㷻ƹץ˸ΣΪй˰ִЩ

̧֣߿ǰԴǲ֪٣˵ǲ㱨İôģ

һԵĲξĻЩǰˣȷʵİڶѲʱ޺㷻϶ĸףץ㷻ƹ񡣡

ǽ˻Ϊξ׸ĸ֮죬ԭײˡ

Цˣ˵ξǰɣԭǸץ˭ץ˭˰

֣   תһ£㿴ǵú£˭㵨ӣƾһ֮ʾ˽ɸץˡ

ϴǼ죬һϥأֵС˵ĴС³çˣκ£Щ㷻ʧСһ˳еﺣ

ʱ˵ˣ㷻Ȼκ鸮ӣκﻹ״֣ˣһ·ΰֻϡ

¼˴ֳеʧҪ˵Ļ˵ˣҲټƽˣ̧ʾľ

ľˣξ˾첹ʧ¾ʹա

֣һ£ű˵ģһල첹첹λ

ָ֣ŵ̯ŵļѯʼ˸δã

һۼ֪ɷδñδá

˵˵һˣѺȥشʮ壬ӵֵȥ֣Ըʱи˵ϵļ

ǳ䶨Ҳھ׸Ҫˣûע⵽ĽھʱƳһۡ

֣ڽ͵˸⣬Ŀͼ뿪

ָűκ¸ĳٺĽܡ

ϣֵлֲ⣬պȥׯ档κǰҲƿӣѾûĽܵӰ

ʣСأ
ڴ𣺡Ȼˣɡ

ӣӰԶ˲ת߽κ

-

ҹ룬

ӣʱԸѦΪɳ˸һҽΪիʳ˰ʱϡ

˵꣬ȺĽܻӦΪʳòôʱ䡣
в鵽ǺݣĽܳʡ

ҡͷոѦҵȴδͷջǵһε

ް飬ܻ¶ŵʱȥɡĽ

Ľ˵꣬ûȻбĻԥŲ˵ܼĴк£

˺һģѦպϾӵķˣ»ǵ֪

˵Ѧ˵ĹϵѰദùЩҪֹ˵ĻȽޣͿܲ뵽ˡ

ô˵   ʡ

ҧѦ˵ڹ뷿ϺüʱΪֹҲΪ׽ˡ

ʲôܾ˼Ѧ˹ңôУֹ˸ץ

Ľܣãȥ

밵һۣʲô˼ӾȻ⽫ȢѾʧף

Ľܲˣֽ̿дһţܣġһ顣

ǡʣǰֽݣľǲɻˣ

ġúĽܻ⣬ݸѦгľٶ㽫ŷѦ˰ϡ

ѦŻᣬͿԼѡˡĽܿȢһδıӣȢһѾ˵Ůӡ




12.  ʮһ ̫   ĸײᡭ

ϣſһִرߣδΪ

λվδ󣬿ź룬һʱüһʱüչżֲҳţֻӾȺ

꣬δڳ֣ͷֻҰѾˡ

ԣһŵҲڷչա

ҰǴңˣ˵Ҫˡ꣬ԸλЦЦžȻᣬñҲۿ

˺ˣⲡҪˣôˡЦŴȤǡ

Ӳ۽ǵᣬЦ޲ޣūⶼϲ̫ˣ˼Цˡ

ǰҲĪޣǺ£Тĸж죬ӷҪˡְο

δȼƽŽ˵Ѫв㣬ٿҩձˡ

Ϊκҩ࣬˵鵽Ҷܻﻻ˶ҩӣԸҲûûμҵҽ

ǰδ񣺡δκĶˣպѴκһ㱡񣬻¡

ľԣװǮĺɰݸδ

ˣҽβֻѭģ˴󰲱õʹ͡δƴǵ

Ȱδ°ɣӻ㡣
λҲȰ˵δѲãջ   ˣ˼䣬űͳ

ԺѾСϲ˴󰲡
ͷһ󻶺κ˺ʹŹܼ߽˷Ժ㶵վԭأһʱš

δκ˺ͣæкȥκ˺ŷӦ鼤ů



κ˺͵ůڵıһ˿˹ȥһۣ˳ȥѾҲŸ˳ںֻܿ·޶𻰡

һ˺Ժ԰ӣԶԶԽЦԽҲС鲽ܵߣҫԼս

㣬㣬ŰԽŸ»ץסһֻСȸ

СͷЦǰԽץСȸأ

ԽһСģŴŴ˵Сȸ֮ҪιףҪǰ׶ҪˣԽͽˡ

֮ǰԽڷĹ£վǣԽ֣һͤߣһ߿ԽԽúܶԣǳվðԽʳΣ

ԽСһ壬Щᣬʹ֣űӣ㣬ԽҪ֡

⣬ԽȻҪˣĪǳˣͷԽһڴĿ

Цһµ˱ҪĶأ˳˾䣺ԽҪʲôأ

ԽȻЦˣ㣬ԽҪ֣Խ´γʱܴܲŰԽ

Խ˵꣬͵͵̧ۿűӦ˳ǲͬ

ԭ⼸γûдԽżˣհ˵Щȥׯ棬Խһɡ

ãӦˣ´γһ㡣

ԽЦˣȻűǰߡδ߼ߵūں溰סǣ˵ǷǻطԺ

תߣԽȶ̸ϣľ˷ԺѾκ˺ͷϣԽľκ˺ͻ

£һԵԲϡ

ӵݸ̫Ĵӣպ̫һսæͣǱ㽫ӵݵ

   ֪㷻£κ˺ȴ֪ͱԼͬ˽Ҳղû

˵̫ĴѾˣҦ˼ҹӵķˣôȥ̫Щ⡣

˵ͬĹǶЩϾδ£һʱҲ벻ΪΡλȴǺܿµԵɣ֣һЦѽ

ˣĪ˹˲ллˣ

ԣü壬лΪΣ

һ㣬˲ˣ̧ۣϸؿ˱һ󣬻ЦİˣҪˡ

ף

ȻӦǡ̫κףл

űЩ㶣ַϥϣĪҪģܹҺүֻȥԼá

ᡰšһе崲ƽ˵֮ǰһֱοһһΪŮӣҪ׼ˣȻϢЩ֪롣

κ˺ѵÿģЦ糯лһǾǺ⣿

лԼŮ൱⣬̫д⣬ն

̧ɣûüĿ֮ǰ򲻿ѯʣɲȵͷǰĹǲ˵ģ̫⣬Իϰݷá

κ˺ͲЩҲᷴͷҲá

-

պ

̫˴߽Ժ۱һʯţСдУ֦Ҷգżɽˮ

ȣԶԶ㿴ͤλŮʯϣ̸ЦѾվһš

л̧ۿӰ߹ӭЦкˣ

лϿл˶Ҳվһߣ˵⻹һμϸϸش

л񣺡ˡ

л֣ϸúӣЩ񣬿¡

лͤ룬л໥

лϴ˱һ󣬼ֹ󷽣Ҳᣬ䵱ĹȴǼΪϲĹ㵹ֵӺơ

л˶ű绨ͣžϡκɺЩˣԭŰݷã   

л˹ĸѾˡ

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ǳҪ޳κҲѰһˣǰĸδֻྴգлȷʵѡ

л˽˴ţʵ̫űҲھüģЩˣðϴ㵽￴£ĵһ𡣡

񣺡ЩϢˡ

лѾǰ棬ȥһǰһһ󣬱лϵҲĨǣ˼Ӧ

ЩЦãֲö˵ֱ̫δ뾹ֱӡ

ǰɣҺ㣬ֱӺҽ㣬Ͻ㣬պ밢ɻ飬ҵãԲҡлͣ½Ųתű

ûֻǱֱˣӦỽһϽ㡱

šлͷҲЦ⣬ﻹδʹĪҪģһԼ䡣

̧ۣЦԷǣźȲ޸лĲôżġ

лϿڷ㶣̾ϢӺǺãЩɵɵģԺҪտЩ

߰ɣл̧ǰ棬ӷŻЩϡ

̫ſڣŵлײ˸ţͣ˽Ų

лƵǰһ£ֻڣˡ

лԼҸ￴ҲΪȣϺָܿ

κ

л԰գó˵ñгһ䡰л̫߳

лϾͲ̾Ϣˣһʱ֪òô϶ˣҲûġ




13.  ʮ ӻ   Ľƣջشͻ顭

˳֮ʷةѦԴںԪεۡ
ѦںԪ˲һʱ䣬㱻ε۴ŭ˳

־͹Ѧ߳Ԫ󣬲ûֱӳظںԪⳤֱձɽֱ̺˽ȥ

εѦںԪ̸ʱֻܹܣ֪˺¡

һʱ֮䣬ͷֻ˻ϴŭѦ˱Ϣȴǲ֪ǺԵɣٹҲϡͿ˲Ǯ̽   ϳ֮ʱ˵˻

ͷβȴ˿ڷܿ㴫÷з˻Եɣ񻰱һʡ

֪˺µģ˹ˣҲֻʼٸĽˣĴţѵ¶Цݡ

ȻϲɫıܣԼҹӺܿҪѴͻˣôһ¡

ǹӸǲܾܻ飬ȴǿöԷ棬һҲֲͷϣѦ֮£ȷʵҲٳΪǹӵķˡ

ĽҲֻչһ˲ܿ뵽ε۲ʹưոݣεĴͻǷˣҲܻеڶΣֻ֪ļҹ

һӰܿ챻ԼӵͻȻһ꣬еıʣϡ

ԭȢ˭ΪޣѦҲãҲãֻҪؼУѦ֮£˭޷ȢΪޡ

ӣϢ˴ѦѾˮ·ŽϵķȥˣʹǻҪ𣿡ܵ

ѦŵȥĽܲģ˵ǺܸȤεƤ¹߱ͻˣȫˣлᣬǿԽʶһ

ȥ˵ݡ

ֳɽҪĽдǷ˵дˣ֮Ѱ¶뱣ȫ˻顣

õֹ֮˼գδüŷѦԴϣͷѦҹի

ҹûмʱĽܣڶһ磬˴Ѧųʢǡ

Ѧӻˣ

ʱٵļúϲ£°ͣ鷴תҲ߯Щ˼ϣͬʱؽѯĽܽζ

ĽֻǰԭƻǷŷѦԴϣѦһУ㲻Ѧ

Ҫ˵ùĻʷةѦԴ˳ϷţһŮӻҵţһ͸Ҫˡ

Ѧ˵ŮĸţԼȢϣһ˫Ů㲻ġ

ѯͻʱᵽѦţͻ֮ҲЩע⣬û뵽ŮȻ湶֮¡

ѦԴŭƽ޴ȥѰѦټһ²ܱѦһңһ߻Ҫŵ˻˭

µε䣬ĹԱʤһʱ벻   ˭͵ţܹǲ뽫׵ˡ

ʱּ֣ʷةѦԴ֮ŮѦȾ͵ׯСĽܻ¾ʹգʷةѦԴŮܣٽһٺꡣ

ּһʢſֵ˶ɵۣŻعϽԣξȻջ֮ǰĴͻ

ϵӣϿּԵĹԱ治ųնҲɣ⻹ÿѦԴ֮ǰϴȡ

ȻбȵĺôǷϣɾ龳ˣһʱ֮䣬ԭѦԴ֮ԱǵĹԱ׷Чµ׼

εۻ̵ּ⣬˵ѦŻգĽս

ܹЦ̣ĽܽѦβأϲƸջس͸¶ĽܣսΪ޵Ϣ

⻰ԭ˵ʱȻ˵ˣĽһ顣

ĽҲ飬ܹһѱȶһû˽̸һ˽ܹܺͳ˽

˲û˷ŵ˷ܣԭҪ´ͻ鰡Ϊʹ˷ŹˣһʱҲ֪˵ʲôá

ӣ⡭

ĽܵƳһ̧ۣ߽鷿ǰյĻֿһ顣

ϣźܿɻ飬Ƿ»ӣҪӶ飬ĪҪ

ĪҪ
ĽܺЦһ

ţĽùһľУһֻѪѪɡ

ǽһĸϱļ

ԭһѪ׹˵͸õĶ׹ŪһֻĽ°ѰһԣĽֱ㽫Ǹ׹١

˵Ϣٺڴ¥ǺȾơ

¥̧ܾͷ

¥ǻ¥ҪȥȻƣ⣬⣬⡭

-

Ϣκʱɰմ̫ȥʻл˵⡣

ǰлֵպŰݷõӣҷ˺Ȼ˵ղ˼

ɰ˵Ƕ׵Ҫү͵ģЦ˵ֲĵҲ̫ˣûӰ¡

˵ȴѡϺõɫӣֻɫӣϸ˺ɰ⼸պ   ѾãֻЩơ

ֻ߶ɫ̫ˣ̫ʺӣֻţһ˱Խװ졣

մϴ̽Ĵţ̧ͷָϣܿðѪΡ

ֿһֱһӼѪѪ飬ﰡСűãΪģ

Ҳһ㶣Ϊģ뵽Сϻ˳ɻ±㲻ˣ˻飬Ϊ˰ɡ

ֻЩԾˡૣͷҪɰס

ֶˣ˰ˣɰȷŷţﻹǺúϢ
ǰߵˣ۵

˺ɰ壬ЦްһС˿ڶѡ

εĿ˱һ󣬼Լ˵㻺߳䡣

ʣ±ľգ˾Ȼͬʱ˿ƽء

յū澻һ˵˵ѦﲻСޣ˵Ⱦʵ˻ڸׯͷûˡ

кɰü˼һ󣬻ҡҡͷ

ѦܲðȫųնΣȥѣӦϢþˣζ

Ҫģ˻鵹Ҳһ׮£⣬һʥּһ

-

¥Ļ¥طƫЩĹȴǧġ

ҹʱ֣ܷܷƣ¥¥£ǳ֮

ܣǣ֮ǰ㶼һֱϲѦԴŮôףƽĪǺˣ

ʵЩ벻ͨȢһԼϲŮӣ͸˵ףˡ

ĽܲԹơ

ٱ˵˵¥һΪɮҲ˺쳾ԴڻˣҲƣ㲻ǽľƺ˰ɣ

ĽܻǲҲֻתǰɣ

һۣЩΣȴҲ˵

ҭڵһˣ̱ðĴ¥覣ǰɣ覹

ָͣ΢΢ףˮ¹˵ 




14.  ʮ Ȣ   Ҫκ֮Ůκ

ڶգǡٹ壬εҲѵУ   紦񣬿ϣתָ˼ܴ͸ĽΪ޵Ĺѡ

Ľܸһ㱻̴˺Ԫһ䣬ŭδСӦ

Ľȴǲ⣬ŭ벻ܲͷϣ˿ܺߣ

Ȼε۰㲻˻֮£Ľ¶Цˣ¡

Ԫ˼壬ϴͳȺ֮׵˼̫ʦκͰȺʱϴ

Ľܸ£ʱйŮϲ裬᳢һڡ

εۿĽܣ۾⾫ɫȴºͣЦʣ󽫾տţԭһпɺã

Ľԣ²յĶԶһ˲̧ۿεۣԭһаãлϹ

ε۲ֵҲʢ࣬˵˵ԭΣ

Ľü漴ʢʣַǷҹҲǵͨԭСС߳ǣֻǵûɳأণܱȵϾǰݡ

ε۾ĬòڨڨЦԼǣ߹ؽʿʵҴ֮ҲڰԺúһˡ

ԪڰһֻεۺȻ̾ʱҼ˴󽫾뽫˳ɻʢմ󽫾˻Σ˷ͬ븮ºһμѻ

Ľܲδ˵Ӧò٣Ȼôôͼ޸һç

εֵһΣѾʮȥˣܶȢ׵ͣչѦŮûиĪҪģԻΪ´ͻ顣

Ľܹ֣Ϻ񰮡

εԵͷ׻»ʺŮͼᣬ֮󣬽Ůͼݸܹܡܹܽӹ󣬻½׳ʸĽܡ

ĽܽӹδģֻεۺЦʵźѧʿ½֮Ů½Ȼ֮Ů⣬֮Ůκòϼѣܲмѡһѡ

ĽԭЩģһ֣һ

ܹܻصε࣬ѵϣʺūͼʱ̫κ鸮ס

εԣˣܱ½ܶѡһˣΪ˴ͻ顣

ĽҲܹܵĻͼԽ˽ǲ֮ˣ   Ӳ֮¡
ľӦΥʥȷʵӦ½ܶѡһΪӡ

ʱϲ¶ɫʵ°ӿú̧ͷˡҪκ֮Ůκϴͻ顣

εһ˲漴ЦãΪ˴ͻ顣

ҲţĽֱκεۻ뵽Ǵ󽫾κ޹ᡣ
ʱĽҪȢκŮĴͻ顣

εֻʢƫϾ͸Ƿεʱȷʵͷ

Ľߵл

ܹΪܾȰ˵һ㿪ڵϣ⣬̫

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뵽ˣܹЩԹؿһվĽܣĽֻδ

̫κ鸮ףҿн˻飿εʵ൱⣬ֻ¾ǶףҲͻ顣

ܹҡͷǻδ

εЦǱˣǻδףΪβܴͻ飬Ī̫Ҫּ𲻳ɣ

ܹԣؿͷ̵̻ūŸˡ̫޴⡣

ε۰֣ܹʹīźҪּ

ĽŶ˵ĶԻվδҲδֻĿɫε±ʡ

-

κǶ˴磬ɨͥԺʰڷţС鲽Ц⣬ͲѹҪ˼ֿϡ

Ҳ纰ױ磬纷ʱԺְŪ

۾ͭеݣԼһ˲ݣϸü䣬̧ۼﲨ΢תŵá

ԣȤ˵ЦūٺҲܽ󸾻ɣúãĪҪǫˡ

Ц˵
ľվͱõɫȹϣ˻߳䡣

֣Խδ𣿡ѾϰÿʺԽ

ֻص˯죬һֱţǣԽԻаչš

ǺܿʳҲⰲŹˣζ嵭Ƿֹ̫˺ͷ˺ʧ

ʳ˼ڣߵŮ˵ү˺ȥԺǰá   

̾һæźھ֣ͳԺϸҪΣֱͷ

δ߽ǰãԶԶͷЦһƬ

վŵۼ⣬Ѿ˱Ӱ˽̧ۿ棬ڼ˶˹ȥ

ֻͻȻֵŮɫȹӯӯһգԣ߽ЩƼŮݣ౴üۼ京˵һλˡ

л˼֮ͷЦѡҲһŮɵοУűȰ

ȴǱֱֱĿ⿴Щ뵽лҲڡ˵һ˲ƿ

ˣл˺ͷˡæк

ף΢ϥлˣˡ

лһЦߵߣַЦ˵ˣòЩպǳһˣҪ񡣡

лԳѾĿķŵϡվֻδĹʱȾɫףŵ¡

㣬лȻЦЦתлֵͰҲúúʶˡ

л棬ߵлߡ˳лϺͱ֣Ҳδйദʱ򶨣Ҳùġ

⼸գһ䰢ᣬһ䰢ͻݣĶǰŮģɻ飬ҲʧΪһ¡

κл֡

κ˺뽪ĿԽԽ⣬һۣκ˺ͿðŰ԰ߣ໥˵˵Ҳ˽һ

л̫ԣҲͬҲã˱ͷˡ

ԣ˶ˡ

󣬱л߳ǰã˳Ĭǰ棬ľպ͸лС˸ں治ԶҲ߽Ŷˡ

죬ˣǲ֪ôڣһﻹҪЩĪҪӡ󣬱ǰߡ

лʣƽϲ𣿡

⻰ǱлҪ˵ܵܿǿˣȻŮӴڲľͷˡ

ڱȴӦϲʫŮӶһЩƲڣҲǶպҪٶЩ

Ͼ֮ʱһЩ

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лҲŵЩκѾˣϲκӺˣκպҲЩǽ̫Ҳ̫ۡ

лˣĸѾˡ

﻽°ɣҲڳϣĪҪٻˡл˵꣬Щŵؿű

ͷǣҲҰɡ

лףỽм±ΪȤø㡣

ҪлܼӼԶԶЩżˣ

лͣ½Ųͬʱתʵܼң˺£

ʥּ˵ǰǰýּ

ּ




15.  ʮ ͻ   лԵ

ˣʵگԻκ˺֮Ůκ硢ƷòڣͻϽĽܣ¶ʮգ˵ճɻ飬մˡ

ֻּȱӣκּ

ʥּѾȫסˣζôᱻͻСôأ

ͬסĻλ˺λԼһˣôû뵽úõһ׮ԵۿҪˣôͻȻͻأ

лȻҲЩʼδȴ췴Ӧˣȭͷ󻺻ɿ
ʥּ£̫κֻܽĽ

κֻûԵ֡

κֹּѵ

ѹ۾գգЩ޴ؿκ˺ͣҲΪεضͷʾȽּ˵

볯лķ˹ȥּлԴ
лҲڿ΢΢һЦּ˼

Ŀע£˫ֽӹʥּߵлл϶䣬ꡣ

ʥּһӣŻ̸ۼ޵ұҲ׼ˣл֮߻δϵǣһ𣬱㱻ˡ

˲е˳ĺɰװŸողŰȥǮΪ̡

ǰ۱κлˣЩ룬ȴδ໰ֻЦϲϲպǽ   ˡ

֮ǰԺž˺һǴͻּ⣬ȴû¶ϲɫλɫҲҷ

лɫΪѿʵûףǰսһʺ˵£պʺ䣬Һһͻּܲôת۾ʹͻСˣ

Ҳһɫ˵ǹΪ֮ȴҲʵʵ̫ӣ½ײɷԹ

úκ˺ͻлˣлˣȥ˵ܹκԲסλ

̫ҲӦЩ̾ҡͷκˣ¡ܹ鲻Ҷҵģֻӣϧˡ

ǰϧˡκ˺Ҳ̾ĺлΪԼŮЩϧˡ

ˣҵȱ㲻پˣκˣκˣǡѾ޷̸Ҳûĵ̫˱Ҫˡ

лԣл˻ظˡ

л૵ôأ

仰Ժվŵ˵ǰôأ
һյĹһоʹ˳±޻̸ûЦҲ˳档

ˣˣظɡ̫ҡͷѣл˾Ҫ뿪̧ۿһɫĽǶ˵˼䡣

κţֻҵȲδˡ

̫˵꣬лߣκ˺뽪סֻǳ

ǰ벽лͷϸ˵˾䣺Բ𡣡

лͣ½ŲδڣŮֺɫˣлͱ𻰣ֻö

л˱һ󣬼εٺãܹ黹Щʧ䣬޹أ𡣡

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ǣǼ±㻹Ҫ𣿡лʡ

˺ܾãŻҪˣţ͸պõĹ

Ҳã±ףһϲСɪ

лˣСŮҲףٵԵײ롣

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л߳ʱ̫˺л˻δϳվԵʯϺѣѾûʱЦ⣬ǿ˵

˳ܿͣ»̧ۿǣ̲ס̾   õһˣվŪˣԵ޷֡

κˣκˣˡ̫˻䣬л˽˽ȥ

лߣκ˺뽪ֺ

ݡСޣẰһ㶯ǰ

վнԶʧڳֵĹսǴвЩ㯡

лãʶҲ̣ȴ·˺ܶ࣬һЩˣعͷײĿ⡣

һǣκ˺Ҳϸ
ţһֱķΪѾл⣬˿ڲлԵϡ

͸ֹסۣİ̫ˣ׵£ɾҪȼ˸

ȴǲ֪룬ֻȥɣ߷ӻܲ÷硣

³̾һߵǣ֣ߣˣ˰ɡ

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κ˺ϸ˼󻺻СˣҲʧΪˡ

꽫֮־壬Ѿ˺գܼҲһĸ

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ǰ޹ȥ֮Сˮ¥̨վ飬Ҳһ׮Ե

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Ը⽫ǰĻ첻ߣҲٸѩϼ˪ˣ㰲οĪҪģձȥСƷò

ЦҡҡͷҼ

ȻѾˣʱ

Ҫ˵ϴ㷻µʱһ뵽½֪Ŀڵǰϼһ档

չ磬̫ߣκ˺ͺʹԵɣĶϯСĽܣκ˺Ҳǵá

ǣΣʵֻҴҼһ棬Ʒθ޷֪

   ϼѡ

Ǳã˴ʮߣ¶ʮ࣬ɻӶҲ̫ˣż̲סʣҪ׼ױһˡ

һĻ飬κ˺ҲǾ˹ٳķĥε۵˼Ҳһ

뵽֮ǰĴͻʱ̫ڳ⣬ֻһ׼ƸױҲб

ʵˣεȷʵģѾʧһΣеڶΡ

Ժڣ²ãֱԽһžͳҽ

㣬أԽʡ

̧ۿ˰һۣ³˽̸Խ

κ˺һϣһ٣ʣСӣ֪ʲô𣿡

Խ֪˵ˣǳպķһķԽһϷһش˵һı顣

ӽʥּڵκˣڱǵ¶Цˣеĺ˼롣

ҹڴʱշת˯ų޸СҲСŮ֮䡣ˣպľֻһྴķˡ

δɻ飬֪Լպķֻޣһ˵ζӿͷЩᣬЩΡ

׻ǶԵһġײЩġ




16.  ʮ    Ͼġ

ӣˣ

ףĽֱ˹УվȺ򣬼ĽܻܺԶӭȥʡ

ʮǰϽţ󽫾Ľչ˧ĽϵֻһʱϵĽ纺Ľܹ¶ĸ۸˳к͵һּ⣬һȥ˹ԭ߳ǡ

Ľ뾩ʱҲչˣԺΪ𾴣壬ִ˻顣

Ҳ֮Уû̫ྪȣʵλ˸Ĺ

κ֮Ůܻ˿в֪֮ˣЩӡ

ԣͷκ˸˽⣬κھǸТŮӣ빫Ҳ䡣

ֻϣ˳ɻ飬ĪҪٳʲôˣȻӸҪϿ޵ˡ

ʥּϿɶ˺ճɻ飿ʣ   Ӳźð

¶ʮˡĻ̌ܵžҪţһ£ת˵壬һưɡ

շ䲻ĵĹأ¸ļҪôԼ壬Ҫôɷҳ壬һ˵Ҷ¸ӣ塣

㶣漴Ӧ֮ǰѦĻ³ﱸˣӴӲʣκոմͻ飬ҪһƻĪǼκΪ⣿

̽һ䣺ӿǼκˣ

ĽܽŲһ٣ţ

±ˣӻϲãܹҪһͬ׵ӣǰͷѦǰ㲻ϲպլҲ֪󽫾ͷ˽

ҲںÿЩЩЦӷģū巻õ˴һ׼õͷ棬С˷޽

Ľܵͷ鷿ķȥϡ

ӷſʼܱһͷˮӺʱκô֪һ·鷿ſڣ̲סһ䣺ӣʱκˣҼ𣿡

ĽתƳһۣ߽鷿

ܲ⣬ǼûĪǡǼ

ϸЩӸĽʱĹ¼λȻǣλλ

Ϊȥκ͵͵һ̧ۣžҪ鷿ڴŵסˤԺ룬һࡣ

ȥĶ

һ߽鷿һ߰ҹ߿̫ܲҪСˣԲŻ˲ϧ
룬ɲ˵ȥκǺģҾûм

Ľܷӣ̧ۿûҲȥҲðˣˣһɣŵʱΣ

⣬ӦѰŮߣӹԭؾֻаڴĴӹԭ˻Ϊھв

òһ£պ˽㲻ҪЩˡ

Ľ˵ûҲûȥ鿴˼˭ܹǹ˵ۡ

-

κ⼸ҲʼæׯӶ˲ݽ˸λϸˣЩճɽϺõӣΪļױ

˵ӻҩҪܲúԼ׼ױӹҪλ   ¡

⼸յѵУԭҪԼ£Ĺ˵巻ΪС

ʢȻʺԪ»ʺǱۡʱļ±룬󽫾˵ļҲ塣
λǵ˶Ǽ¸Ƿʮֵľɫģһʱ

ӷ룬ֻ巻ϰùãҲ֪붯

ǰΧ˵Сοֶҫһ˵˺һͨԶףǣֱ˵糶ȣֺǺǳ

֮ǰлĺɰЩû壬ֻľѰµīɫУΪĽɰ

Ϊлɰʱ뵽һǵбΪһֻɰ˺·žɡ

˺ɰһʱ¿Խϰ֣ʱ֣˼

ľС

˫̧֣ʵôˣ

ľ¹˹ݻȥׯ;˵Щ˵

ԣ뵽һСͻСҪ˷߶ˡ

ľͷȥ˻Ӧˣչҡ

¹ﻹ˵뵽ׯ϶գù˺ͷܷա

üҪׯ϶գĪƢ
ްȥӦ°ɣǱ˵

ľǣתȥػȺ¸ˡ

ԽѾ͵СӹԼĪľĻèƵԲ۾űǲڡ

С˼β²ԭϾڸӲˣպ˽ܲܣ㲻ٿˡ

ĵСԹϣЦ˵ճġ

ԽֿЦˣǰո˷ܣտĵһſܿȱһ˵ҲЩ©磺Խ׹ϡˡ

̲סЦҲѹЩЦ⣬ǻǲľ

ֽս㣬ЦʲôЦ󣬱㱻Խʡ

Цū澸Խܳˡ

ԽһͷһָŸ»ͼ˻γԼ   СƫҪץС

ðֺܣȥ˷Ժ뽪ȥ¸ׯӵ¡

Ȼ˺󣬺Ǹˣ±ΪлȻˣڸƳ˲ȥ߲Ǻ£ͬˡ

˵ҪԽ˼ƬҲͬˣִȥԺΪܶʰ

ڶŹ󲻾ã¸ͣκ⣬Խ˲

滹һŽܶ˵ⱸһװƺƵĳˡ

ϵİշֲַĿʥĿǰֻеĳǶҪǹˣ˿Ҳֻܲλ˻С㡣

˵ฮĶȻλ빫Ҳ𲻴󣬹ֲݻ

-

¥ż䡣

ܣĲȥ¥ʵ

ӹĻҪ˵лĶȥֵط

ֵطôˣһֻȥȾơپپ¾Ʊ˵

˵ֻϰûл£ܣʵ˵ǲ뵽ʥϻٴδͻ飬·ӣ

ĽȷʵǰģྴãѦһº֮ྴֻҪɡ

ⶼյĴ㣬ͲͬˣϾġ

ĽܲΪĬϣ뿪ڣܣԵĹ⻰Ҳ˵κǸù㲻ϲԣǲҪ˺

ĽܻζƱĶֻͣšһּ

ٷģĽֻҪӦˣβʳԵģЦʣ˵ҲҪΪ㶨ˡңѾȥˣֲֻ֪

Ŀһ˵ȥҪֵļơ

˭֪ƫǸģ˼һԵȣֻӵһҪɻˣҾϸ׵ıˡ

û˵ȥǰĿ̫Щһᴹֱ䵽룬ĿڵҪȥׯӣȥ𣿡

£ȥܾ

ٱҭһ˲κҲׯϣʵǰȥȥʲô

ȥ¸ׯһ£Ľյ˰ϢסƱת   ˼ȥ




17.  ʮ ɽׯ׽棩   С

·ݣԶԶȥɽϴɫӯӯǵ軧ֲĴƬɣзƶƣ

ɽµɽׯ̨ͤ¥ӵţּ侰ġͷһȪˮ뵣ȻɣǸĵĺȥ

ɽׯĹ·ţջ˼ҹ簲˴ɨɾ˱ԺѾׯС߶

ʱԶԶжеСǴ¸˵ѣǵӵˡ

ͣС̽¶ݣҪʳָһв⣬

˿ŮŶֻ󣬻һλ˴ԼĹһ鷢ڶ̧ۼ䣬˼·ơ

ǵĴͣûпбԽ߳Ὣ˯ԽݸµľŻ˳

մæ˵ҪҲû˵Ϊ˺£񻹴һλͺӣĪǴӵ˽裬⺢ĪǸСӣ

ôҪ͵ׯ

屻ԼĲŵһʱסʻŻع

壬ɰסᣬ³˯еԽ

źˣڱԺҲŵֿһľеԽѽԽ˸Сӡ

ۣūСӣѯľ
ļ̌ۿűͷŽԽ塣

˽˱Ժ彫Խŵ᷿ϣԽ漸䣬˯˹ȥľл󣬷˳ȥ

ľ͸»ԽԸǵԽʰԼ߳䡣

һ·϶뱱̸˭֪Խߴߴ˵ͣ˵һ·

ò׵Խ˲Ϣ䣬Ѿڱ˯ˣֻҲһ

˴ˣִű߳Ժ԰ֻ̤ࡣ

ʯ̳ɵСۣʯдУӰ϶룬߲½룬ڰ𪾫µϣĿգ

·˳ˣ߱ʵ

СһҲûУҸŽ   ѧأĹض£ܴҲñˡ

´Ȼ·ԼĪˣҪͽѧأһͷ۹ѧΣպܲ˵زˡ

̫лҦϱʱԭռȴǱҦҧסزһ㣬ҦӺǼѡ

ܵ˵·Ϊ˰ãֻǴ˰ӣԸ

·㶨ˡ̾

ףջߣűδ뵽˴ֻĸ׾أԭ롭ˡ

ɫ԰ЩҡͷУУ֮ǰôһ˶ʢ˭ҹܼż꣬ȻɫǰҼûаϲɫҲ˵ͱ²š֮Ҳˡ

ͣѾӦ֣æ͵СһһǾӣЩ˵ĶЩˣ㲻ҪҺ˵

ǾΣܹ鲢ˡ⼸գҲȻ޷֪మպرֻ֣ýˡ

Ͻ㡭лúܲ𣿡ʣ֮лϺкøС

֣ܲãǸҦǰִҪΪҦ֪檣˵Ǳ޽ҦֻһѾ̫˺üˡ

Ҧ֪鸮ĴӣлϽһСӣҦԶ

üлȷʵѣ룬Ҫĸ֮ʹ룬ҧ檽ţ˭֪Ҧ´ֻʲô۶ӡ

˵ĻŲãҦ֪Ȣʱôùñ֤ģڶʲôӰһˣۺ¶ỤŰϣأ仨¥Ȼƣ¶͵ַ֡߷ߵ

Ҧ֪ǰҪɰһڡ

ҦӶлҲû𣿡ʡ

ЩԱģ㲻Ҧ̫סţϣҲţ˵ϲģΪλҪѰЩŮӣ

±֪밲οܻа취ģлͨģ̫˺ͷҲῴ衣

   ȥŮңһʱһлҦ֪Ҳ飬Ҫˡ

һʱ޻Ĭ˺óһ·ͷصϣʵׯɸ·˴к

ԣһ飬͵ģӦû˵ҸҲ֪ҪӦò

ףȴûֱԣת㲻·ʺһֵ㣬Ҳռͷ

Ǹ⣡ϸ룬ÿУЦ̫ϲˣ

ظ֮ú·˵㲻ԸҲǿ·ǲΪ㶨Ҳۣѧ˹ܲǻ¡

ǿɲУҼȻҳߣͲȵͷظ⣬ȴҪˣЩСӡ

ЦҲ˵ƣʵĪڵ·ӣ

ҡͷƲҲͷҲԲᣬҵȵǴ硣֮ǰⰲȥ˵ҸȥׯӣѰңǽձա

⻹ã۸ȴ»ҲȷʵԣׯѰ

лϵ˵ҲҲʼȤ˵ͳұɩ֮ǰҾ˵ұͦİɣϧͻʥּ̫ͻȻˡ

ĪҪԡѣʥּġ

֪ˣֻ˵֮ǰСȻ˻飬ֻмΪҽұ磬СҲǼΪġ

԰գ֣صسűͷﻹЩϧɩˡ

ȴǲ˵£ֻѵСİ֮ˡ

Ȼ¸ˣ˭֪Ск֪ʮߡ

ȻһӾ˭˵˺ձԲϲˣôõĹŵûضңͲС᲻ġ

ظһúúգð֪֪ˣպòСģҲ۸ȥ

򴽣ᶨң֪֪ˣսСǳء

һͷˮ

-

һҹ޷꣬   ˵ڶգů

ִŮȥȪӣ¸»ԽĴ棬ֽ𰣬ЦԶ

վԶ£ԽСȵŵܸͣȰʱ죬СӶˡ

壬ʲôأ

Ȼֵŵ÷عͷϤˣŶ

ӣҲˡоȣת뵽Եɡ

ٺĽܶˣǷɽһʱӾǵɽׯֵݸϵˣֱߵ˴˴

ţӹȥСĽܡָָĽܵ

ԣҪ¹Ľܼʱס幧ԵūС

Ľվˡ

忴ԶŻڷŷݵļȻûӰӦ߲̫ԶӣСӾǰֽ𰣬Ҫȥ𣿡

СӣĸСӣʡ

岻⣬ɻǸϵС𣿡

ҼҵСӣپ




18.  ʮ    ҵС

Щ죬ܣһʱǰʱˣͶôˣĪǻ˽ӣ

ǡ𣿡̽ʣҲЩԼǲˣǹӵĺӣô͵ׯأ

٣ȥ֪ˡĽܳ顣

СٵͷҲ֪Сӡ

ʯ˲ã˺ͯĽܣҲͣ˱û¶棬һǽǡ

ҲҵĽҪ󽫾һ£ߣ߰СеľԺ

ԱߵԽͷһеֽ𰣬ֿǺеľһƽ磬Ҳ뵱󽫾һòã

뵱ʲôĴ󽫾ǺüʵС˵ʱܻỻһЦҲЩԽĻ

ģ뵱ʲôĴ󽫾ԽǣЦʡ

þ͸СͯƵģ¾ɰˣ忴һĶС̫ϲˡ

ҪΪСĽ˵ʮսȺ˵껹ٽȻ˼¡

Խͷ   ҲǣҲǡ
Խĸ»ʹЦЦСӺ¡

ҲЩ̿û뵽⺢ӻͦ飬

Ľɫδģϲ֡Ȼ۵˶óŻС֪С˭˵֪С˻

ǣƭǺӱϾףȻԽĻԥűҪľֽ𰡣

ֻԶһӵС壬С壬Ѱ㡣

СһԽֽľģȱķһһ߻ͷԽȽ棬ȡǧҪǵûҰ

䣬˱ûӰ

塣»߳ˣֻʶ壬ЩؿĽܺ١

壺ҸջǱ߷ֽ𰣬һתͷûӰˡ

»ԣСӵֽߣС˴Ѱ˹

ԭˣ忴٣ص⣬ʣӣⲻǸϵС𣿡

ҡͷȴߵԽǰʵС˭ҵСӣ

»Ҫڣ̧ۿЩˣ»

Խ̧ͷǰǲʶˣֿ˲ԶĽܣҵκСӡ

һһòӣҲµԽݡԼĪǰѾͷκκܹܵ

ֱ̧ҪԽСԴԽһ£ֱֱȥټʱקס

٣ʲôְ

Խ̧ͷ»֪ܲ˵»ͷŵҽаԽ

Խּǵ𣿡

Խ

ЦվǣԽߵĽߣˣҼҵСӣҵСӡ

ĽԣƳһ

ҵģԽκСӡԽһҡͷ

ЦĽü˼˵ԼŰ졣

ĽԽ˵κСʱѾ˲²⣬ٵĶԻҲȷݡ

Խһʱ֪ôڣȥŪôС̫ϰߣҲ

Խ̧ͷؿǰЩ׵ˣϿľĶͣЩˡ

ҲӦԭԼŪˣ   һûλǰ˵ȻͶˡ

»ȴǲףô˵ǼСλӼҵģĪϴˣ
·䣬ѹʵ壬˭

ҲСұ¹ǸϵĴӣߺ¹С

СС»󾪣ֲ¹˵СҵģϸҲû
ĽܺԽĿյƵԽСӣ򡣡

ûɻ飬ֱ˵ǽЩʧ񣬵ԼһͨСӻⲻˣ˵ˡСĴʣǽҲû˵

󣬵ڳ˶ˣһȣλﾹȻʥּͻĽˡ

Ľǳ鶯һ뵽Ӷܵ׸״澩ˣǵӴЩҲ֮С

֪ѾĽܿ˵Ӵͷ

ԽԭŵòҶǽ֪ǳպķ仹Щ£ȴӵضĽܺ򡣡

ȻԽ˽ĽٲҪԽӴ˴Ϻµǩˡ

ĽܶԽԲ۾̧ͷš

ԽܵĽû⣬ֿܿЦˣȻĽֻ֣ܵ򡣡

ĽʶҪ֣ڼʱסˣԽקǵ΢Ļʾ˿鲻

š

򣬱

ԽĽ֣»ŵüæСС

ĽȴδֱԽվ߻ߡ

ԽѾĽˣ˳̸ϵľݸ棬Ժ󽫾

ЦŴȤԽǿɶˣСհľô͸ˣô

ԽͷһСëһ󣬿ĽܣС˵кöģ͸òã

˴󽫾ˡټŻ

ԽʱƲ죬벻İ취ʱҪޣỨܿ;۵۾

ĽƳһ٣ʾ֣οԽĪ˵󽫾ġ

𣿡ԽŰڿһС

ĽܵͷԽ㽫ͷĽܼϲ˵Щ   ֵؿ١

̧ͷΪȤ߰ɣȥԺ

-

պǿԳȪݣְݵԺеĹϣ˵޽˽ǲˡ

ֻЩϧһЦġ

СӦòĳУµʱһԺӣ
Ͼ¹ֻ˵һѦС˺ôҲˡ

¸³ʮ㻹ȥ𣿡ĬĬת˻ͷ

˼Ƭ̣ȥɣȥʦպͲÿ¶ȥˡ

⻰ŴЩɬ˭뵽ϴλʦСĻ£ȴ˵ˣν޳˲Ϣ䡣

ȥɣڸҲ¿ɸɡֵ

ԿһȤðֻ㵽ʱæѧأ

˵˵ò޵ֻЩֵؿȻͷ
ȥ֮ǰǶҳ£Ҹѧѧһŵġֽ

û뵽⣬Ҳͬˡ

һ󶯾»˽ҪԽ㿴ŵĽܡ
òСбԽ




19.  ʮ ϲ   ֻϲ߷ֳˡ

һ˲漴վЩؿĽܣδǾȻôּˡ

ֱۣĶۿվʵôˣ

䣬ҲſڵĽܺ٣˻վЩĴƳ

ԽĽֱ֣ܿ˹ȥڱѵÿ⣬˵ôţǶҳ߻Ҫȥ

ڨڨͷٳ½⡣

ȴǱŵû񣬻ߵĽߣСɡ

㡣ԽЦź֡

Ľܶ˰죬Խݸ΢˵ʲôջûпڡ

Խ˱ͷڱ࣬Ľܿתߡ

Խ޷񣬱ֻлС

Ľֿһۣ¡޲á֣˽ȥͣҲ˹ȥ¡   

ͰӼӵԺУĽ£ٺֶ˳Ϸ

˵ưˣƽ֣ǽҲƽϣȻҶײĸס˽븮ˡ

磬Ҵˡ

ֵͷϴ۾ȴ͵͵ȡ
⣬ʶȴǽҲÿڣЩ˵ǣԥҪڣĽܵ

٣ʱˣҪȥĽܵ

ٿֵһ֣żûظô˵𣿡

Сװͷ

ٱ㲻ͷһֻɱԹ˴뱭ˮһ·ѵһ󻰣Ѿá

ºָĽһˮƹȥĽҪ£һߣ̧ۿȥǱеԽ

򣬰ԽҲҪȡԽͯ޼ɣȴǰѱòᣬ̧۱Ľײһ

ִ㵵سԽȥһʱϴС



ѾľˣСղԽСôˣ

𾪵Сûзŭˮ˹ԽЩ̹ţСҲֶڰա

ǱֽˣĽܵлĽδ˰죬֮Ҳû˵

ٳʵܣ㸮пҪ£

Ļ̌ۿûС

ɫٻظ飬뵽Ҫǽջظλھ͵ȥʰʰˣҲҪˡ

Ľһ˲ͬˡ

һϲҪ˵ҭ˻ȥ죬Ϊ㣬ĪҪ顣

Ͳѵ˶ֱٵĽܵѵһͨ˵ҲƢһƹˤ˭Ҫ飬㰮ȥȥҺͰ;ٻء

㣡ЩЦˡ

ʲô㣬ߣߡ˵ߵߣбԽŶ᷿ȥ

γĽܺٸ󣬸ȥ

֮Ľٰܺںδ齣㲻ö֪ˣֻǵڶʱ᷿ȻûӰ

ҹ˼Щٳٲ˯ɫóˣԽѾڷС

Щ㶣̧סʹĶǣδ˿˳Ŷ䣬ɢһ硣

ľһ   ˾裬һӽ齱ߣЦˡ

ߵױ̨ߣʣľԽȥĶأ

ľ¾裬ű£ľ˳Խѵ磬¹ǡùˣŹﻹδѣԽȥǲҪ

ľ˷źϴ󣬲Ŷˮȥ

᷿߳ԺҲžس棬Ժһϻϴֻû

ȥǣ߳˱ԺСǰߣȻ̧ͷŷߵȪڲԶ

Ȼˣȥǻ᲻档ڴ溰Խ

չȣ˸ִ˳Ӧ

תҪߣȻдˮһͷ㿴ǰֻĽܡ

մˮгͷɢţһˮ飬ݱصѬȾɫβҲź죬¶£ˮ˳Լأڡ

δӣպķ㺰ˡ
СʱЩȣԾشߣִͷŽµϸʯ顣

Ľܶűķ٣һֻ黨żգűͷĶá

κƸкҪ󣿡ĽüԭԸ߲֪Ϊλ䡣

ѧܶսʵսΣȡʤ˿̣ñɱǧ𱱵ҵСĽܾȻЩֻȴδѧŮӻġ

иҪĪҪȴҲûнα¶⡣

οʱ֪ǰŮԸӣ˵ֻһͻּ⡣

̧ͷ۾գ˺ü£ŻСá

Ľܴúƿֵǣ㻶ϲ𣿡

䴫ѦﲻϲСѦףҲѦһ
ҡͷǿǣСܷģǻϲġ

ϲҲȻֻϲ߷ֳˡ

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ֶѰѪ׹˵һָ٣ҪΪѰõġ

ɻ󣬻ò   ЦŻؾлСĿǰûرϲΡ

ϴѦʥ˻һ£ʵС棬ΪȻҪѰŮҵΡ

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˵ת뿪ˣûпĽҪһ£ȴǺܿջ֣ڱ󣬿ӰʧּС

ôǣԽСϹӭıЩϲ

ֻգϵĹȥ࣬ʱǶڱԺҡ

ԽȻɿֵ֣˽ҡΣ㣬أԽҪѰȥС廹

ԣС˭ʲô˼

Խ

ͳӱתĽһѶľ

򡣡ĽڳˣԽܿ˳תͶĽܵĻĽ˳һ̱㱧

Ľܿڽ͵ʱ򣬿ׯһӰ˰ԽջȥҴȥá

ǰȵ˱ֵǱлСˣڱԺǡ

Ľ֮󣬱Խˣһ·ŹСص˱Ժ

ĽܺԽʱСѾ˺һ󣬵϶һȻЩĿȫǡ

ԽϲˣһΪ㲻ˣ뻹ˡ

ĽܷԽľݸȥС˵

С壬㣬һԳΪ󽫾ġԽľŵСġ

С˽ڱ˵󽫾ǿĵػصҲᵱ󽫾ġ

СҪˣֻһѾʱˣ˼תʣʲô֣

ҽаԽ

СͷҪתȻ˺

С塣ĽܻұеС൱ȥĽҾ

Ľܻ䣬Խ뿪ˣС嶢ıӰ㶵ؿ˺þãŴ󺰵ҼСˣ

ҼСˣ





20.  ʮ    ֮Ůڡ

㱼ձ㵽³ʮ˵֣ûȥ¡Ϊգ磬εԱŮԸ   硣

칫磬չֻ빬أε۶ӣϥֻгйճЩ

յ죬δ룬ų֣׳ֳδ롣

빬ǽűֻĸɡڸ̨µŮϯȿϯҲ̨ǰϯĽлࡣ

԰Ǿɼ˴Ĺ԰᳤֣ȣˮߵУ졣
￴ϡ棬ҹĺ֮ˮڷƣ˳ˮƯƻڣʡ

˷磬ҹ磬԰ƻͨؽŻЦڡ

ϯ°Ⱥգһյˮ۸ֺܿԾţһʱ

֮ŮڣǰơεȻ

ЩȷؿͷŻһʯϸ̨̧۱Ľܺлߡ

⻹һϵԸߣֻδ첽ߵ̨룬ߵ

Ůκϱϡʺףϡʺ鸣죬ףƽϲ֡

˫ϥأ˫ּ䣬ֻϯΪСۣǰЩ

Ůиպǽˡ
ǰи
һ޷ˣʲô
ǿɱˣС߿˵ġ

ƽε۵

վȣ̬Ȼţׯ󷽣Ŀ֮²һ˿ӣ̧ǰ̬

Ż۷׷׵ŮǼˣʱĬ
ֻ֪˾ǹŮ֮䷶κ֮Ůֻ˹Т֮òƣ˿伾

л˿һ˲ƿۣǲϧлĿҲ˱ϣֻܳ̾Ϣ

εۺ»ʺҲϸϸشһú󣬵ۺһۣ»ʺκŮȻѴͻС˺ˣǰﱾյõķͷκƥ͸κױ

ʺǣȷʵ½͡ε԰գܹܻ֡

ܹܳ½ǰϸɤӺκŮĸأÿѩ裬Т죬޸Тģ   ǧͽţ֬һԣƽ

̨֮ϣܹԽԽ࣬ľɲΪεۺ»ʺƽ޹˷ʹ͡

͸С棿ǻôκҪʷةǰ£߶Уһá

»̻̣ϻǳл˶¸̨

º󣬽סָֻ֪֮ûǰ硣

µģĪҪġο

΢΢ס

Ǹ׳ֻ׹ſһһ̨񣬶κֻ轫񽻸̳ȥá

գ˲ʱΧһȺˣޱ֪򹧺ؽ֮Ŷ˵˺ܾáл˴棬Ӳǿл˴ǰ߹ȴ޷˶Ｗȥ

æӦλˣ±ȤľĴߣһλ˽̸ٰȥ

ȻĸһߣվطЩ˱˵ͣȥܱܣ̧߳԰

ľűɢɫ²ߣҲûпڴţֻظ

ߵ԰ϴ빬ʱСȹСǹҲЩ

ŲԶ̧ȥɫӰӳ˵ϣҲл

ˡ

лߣ뱱Ŀ׵κΪλδ

˵ᣬ»ʺƳʱ˵󣬹ԱŮ춼ڹжӶ

ҲΪ»ʺ˹ȥκﱻͻһ°ο䣬㵢ʱղŴӷܹ

ЩµˣҪҲҪ𣿡

лͷ

Ҫ˵Ǳ㲻ʱˣлͷ𣺡ǲ⣬͹ﵽŴ

ɫѵʱĩֻλǲ̫˷ģǽսҹӲлǵŴκǽӦ

˼Ƭ̣Ǳͷˡ
ԭߵſȥĸףֱ   ɡ

ľԣ󼸲һ߹С̣˺ɰһȥ԰κ鸮ķ˵һκڹŴ

Сκ鸮ĹǱպСˣǳˬӦˡ

ľ£첽˱ֱлͬУȴδ˵

лǰ棬һܿ㵽ȸš⻹ͣżӦǻһЩСδԶԶ㿴κԼһԵȺյˡ

ռæ֣ݸһЦ

л˳߿κͣ½Ų뱱𣺡Ȼκӣұиˡ

лˣߡ

л߳ȸź󣬾ֱǰȻתǽǣлûκͣĸŴֱӴȸš

ȸǶţͨŶ֣κڶ̫ȴƫϵķӦŲǣ̫ǻ

ľҲ뵽⴦̧ۿ˶Թģûдͻ飬һΪһɾ¡

ţ˼λ˵˵תǽļλˣ˾Ǵ԰һ·̸ȸš

λ໥УͽֺľҲ漴ϳŶֹǰ

صκʱκ˺;Ȼδظֹ˰ʱǲſ߽˷Ժ

-

ҹ˾¹ͩ

Ľܸ̤鷿ϱһɫӰδѴгؽһ֣ˣ˻ȥ

ӣκҵȱڹţʱһλͳģһ·̫Ǵл

ǰһλ׼Ѧ۵˽飬Ǹ·ֵ߳Ĳӣһ㱨
лˣܰһ·׷ٵ̫Ҳûз쳣

л̫Ľܱڴǰ⼸ζЦ

ϣʺūͼʱ̫κ鸮ס

ֻ²ֻ⣬Ѿ˶ǵ˺̶ֳأ

ʱлĿڱϣΪֻͶѣԭҲǴ˼

ĽͻȻ   һ˲ָֻ糣ϸ̫лκʶ

ŵ̧ͷʢѾûˣһλĽҾӪֱ׷ܣϵǷˡ

ǡĻش˾






21.  ڶʮ    ᷢΪޣ

תۼ䣬ʮš

ӹæҲûлڳǰȥ£ֻǲɽ۾ʦԵɡ

ǰƸ񣬱ĺɰҲȥ˽ǴһֻѪ˱ǽ

ֻûдֻľսϻ

ǰ˷ԺĸŮ˵˺һ󻰣ٳʱɫ糺죬ϻ˼ȥǻͼᡣ

֪º󣬻Ƕʱ෭ſڱһ֣ԶЩ

¶ʮ˻ޡ

췽ԺǽֹҲźϴʳ˼ֺͰ㿪ʼױ硣

ؿͭˣ軭ϸüϺ䣬Ⱦ˿֬Ϸڣ¸ױˡ
չһЦĴ飬֮˾ĽǸ˲Ŷԡ

ΪһϮ£绨Ҳ֪
⼸գκ˺˵Ľܣ֮ԻظСԾƣСŵᱡ˰

ԭǴϢ֪ĽѸӣսպգƫֵ࣬ŵĲ١

ԭΪ㶨ףٶ꣬Ҳһ㣬帣ٽ⼸ûнģ̸㣬˭֪ŪˣİôҪˡ

˵ţ۽ѾỨʱŵԴһЩٽ˭֪һвŽ𲽣ⲻӱ㵹ˣӺˣȴҲûлˡ

ӷȣҪգֹסˣοκǸ֮պܳϥ£ﶨҪ塣

˵ű˫ϥأŽݣǹŮʱел

˵űվλֺѾҲ͵͵Ĩᡣ

ϲſ޼޲   ˣŤŲǰЦӯӯ˺͹ЩĨᣬϲӣɲܿ޵þˣʱӭ׵ĽҪˣֿﲹױݣѽ߸͹š

ԣӲᣬ¶Ц⣬ҲΪЦ汱ױϲ״Ц˳ȥ

㣬㣬أԽŽҲһۣв֪µŽҪǸˡ

ûԽȥһȽˣȥ㣬òã˵ţʹɫôԽȥ𴦣һ֪˱뿪κ£

ֻ⣬ȰԥŲߵԽǰԽСľڴԽȥǶȡһòã

ԽӵһתҪȡľҫһתܳȥˣ㣬ǿЩȥԽҪѽ򿴡

ֳŽͱ˳ȥ׷Խȥˡ

ʱϲɫܽԺԺϲ
ˣˣ¹үˣѾȺˣ˿˹Ī¹үõȣ

ԺʱϲЦտΪϺϲ߳䣬һκš

ǰҡεĺǰ··ǽϵ֣»شʡ
Ϥʯ̳ɵ·¶ʱߵ֪£κĴ򽫾Сˡ

ӳඣ

κ⣬Ⱥв֪˭һҵ߶ӿ˹ȥ俴ݣȴǲ塣

ĽһϮϣ糾ɡдΪˣǼݣȻˡӭףҪյŮӵĺɰ

ֻ䷭κǰʯ£κ˺뽪֣ʩ

СĽܼˣĸˡ

κ˺ʯףĽֱۣǧֻһ䣺ܣ㽻ˣҪĪҪ

ᣬƲպҪͬģͷϡ

ܣฺ

ĽԾڱУ᷺ܿ챻ǿѹĵãĪҪ档
ʯףͷŽ£·һ˫ѥ˿ϲƣδ˻Ρ

Ρ

˲   ʱ죬

ĽܴǱϣطʹͷ˷ڻǰͷĽϵļֵܣҲǸͷ⡣

ӭ׶߳֣Ϊ֮ϣκİʮ̨ױε۵ʹ̨ͣױŻΡ

ɷʣױɣһʱ;İգ˿˾뵽˶ʮǰ󽫾Ľ뽫纳ɻ鵱ա

Եʮױ

-

Ƿڴþˣĺᣬֹ˺һڸеͣӱƿ̧֣̽ܿһֻסԭΪϲ

ֱǣ˽죬ͷ㿴˫ѥһʱס

С
ǣ

δ룬Ľܴ߽˽Ժǰã˼ñͣѾԻЦ

󽫾ͷ˶ڸУ˳ϵĽϵļλ壬Ľཻ벻

ʱѵн񡣡

ŽǰãĽܱɿ֣ϲе˾Ԣá

һأԵ춨

ݸã׶

޶԰ݣͬġ

ɣ붴

ڱ壬ȴûȥֶԭ·ǸһֲŶԣϵӵܶĽܶо£֡
ΨֵٺͼˣĽܳɻ飬֪ϲ㲻ȥ

ܸǶԶԶģ·ŭҹӣǨŭϿϲ

ˣ·г˱ĽܶˣֻϲͽˣбľλŮ

СΪӽϲϲ˵ţ̣һϲӡ

Ľɫ򶨣ֽӹϲӣϲ
ʢױ֮µǰˣвͬӽˣҲƲۡǿתü֮Ծִ١

ҲֻһĽݣһֱ۽ǵ⿴Ľܵϲͬơ

ϲһ˿һߴᣬһߵᷢΪޣɡ[1]

ϲｫᷢƺУֵ뽫ͷк񡣡

վŵŮʱΪ˵[2]мһϸߡԭͲֻһڣϸϸơ

Щȵ̧ۿĽܣ   ԹΪƣЩͬѰ

ϲ

˽ףһڣǹơ
ϲЦףǣύΪá

Ůϲѳɣ񸾹ף˰úϡӣˡ

ϲ﹪ʩ˳䣬Ҳ˳ȥ

ľվһԲҶĽҲĬŲĽվֻϢһȥԺ

ǣߡ

Ľܴһۣת첽߳䣬²Իңֻ˲ˡ

עͣ
[1]ᷢΪޣɣԺ䡶ʫס
[2]ԭָƱڴ˴ָ«
[3]˽裬𿼾





22.  ڶʮһ ҹ   ӣĴʡ

һҹɫ续µ
·ҡҷǰñ

ѷժ˰ɣľűѾֳź󾱣Щ۵ѯʡ

˼һ˲СǲˣҲٴţֻǰöЪˣЩ˯¡

ժ˰ɡ

ľǰΪȡ·ڣɢ̷ʱһͷ˿īй£ɢ䣬컡

հ˺оͭüɫǲٵСˡ
»֮ҹ㲻·ȥ˱Ъ£ҪﱻСĴˣﶨѹ

żȥǰô̽һһתūȥѰЩʳ˳ȥǰÿϲˡ

ԣ̧ľһЦ֪յӣͲסҪȥմ֣ȥҲãҲ֪ǰˡ

ȥɡЦ˵

ձµ˼ҲߣŲ˳ȥľЦһۣΪž磬ᷦ

ʱնЩ࣬ҲЦӯӯģԼĪǵ˺Ϣ

ǰõϲɢˣ¼˶ȰСƣҪˡ˵ţڰϣֻ֪Ľܲȥ˱Ъ£ǺϢ

ӴǰȷʵЩˣһ⣬ҪŽȻ뵽һ¡

գȥѾȥǰãλ˺͹֮ǰ¡

㶣תȥš

ˣѽ   κʶ㰲£ȷЩΪˣֻνǺЩ

-

ֶ㣬ãκͷˣ㲻ǵýˣ֣׸ҷֻʳָϵԼأڣǺ

˵ý˱ָ׸״գٳ˱Ľܼ档

⻰ü䲻⻰Ӧ˵𣿾Ȼȡ粵˵Ҫ˵ýҲңĶֵõ֣ˣǴ˻ظɣ

֣ûȻûٵĻԹ˵պҪˣֶҪһˣϷҡ
δ˵˯˹ȥϵǼܳ˽

бͣǰõӱĽܣֻٺͼΪ֣ڵİ仰ЦЦջЦ

ܣ𣿡ЦʣͼҲΪڱ߳Ǵ꣬٣ǰܻȣǿӡ

ĽƳһΪ
ǻߣ

һ鴤ֻҲ˰ˣʶȤĪҪСĶҹˣǸǡ

һ䣬ﳤȥ·ĽܣݣˣβദһκҪ׵ˡ

Ľ򴽣л

ٺͼ˺ʰо֣Ļ̌߳ǰã̤ͨԺС;Уͣ½Ų¡

úĽܺȻһܡ

һӰӷϵȲأӣôˣ

ˣȥĽ˵Ű̧ۣұۡ

һ㵣ԹӵľȻˣ⻰ԭǲţĽܽ鸡룬ʮֻĪˣ

ӷ̾߳Ǻͽˣ֮նϲơ

ܳ̾һҲ߳ˣܹ鶼ǸκǵûӼȻˣӦչˣܷ߷ߵطĽ·

רעڴĽǰߣĽܵ۾һ˲ߵķ±ϣһ̬ߡ

ơ

ڵͬʱ˹ȥŵˣֻСˣ˵Ķ

˭ʡ

ˣˣܵ

   ԣһ˲漴ӦѾţ൱С·

ܷĽ߽䣬̧ۿһϮµı۾˲ɴһ𾪣Щˣ㣬㾹Ȼκǣˣ

û˵ʲôֱֱֻűţܻ䣬Աȵ

˹ҪľհŷĽܣĽ˵ȥ

ΪĽ˵ŵһؿűľʹɫǶȳȥ

ľеǣ¸Ľܷŭǻ˳ȥ
ȴǸˣҹȻˣǲάΪضü

ܣҲȥ

ǡǵЦסˣ̫ˣҹҪСˡ

Ŵϣһſ˭Ҳ˵ܺջһۣŰ۶
ľյС᲻ϲһֻ˹

ܻ˫ֲۣù֮ǰ˵κδͻҲ࣬˵λ·ˣ˽ﱻˣԣӦǲˡ

ڣ˳ȥ֮󣬱δڣĽһƫҪȥæַסʱĽȫһѹڱϣҲҪȥ

Ľܼ״źۼط˱ϸһѣվȺĳ֣ǰ٣ȣ
ģ·ղ˵ȥ˲

״Ľܷϣֱֱصȥ̾һ˺ѥȽҲȥ󣬲ڴ߻

СЩ̫ˣ
߳䣬ļת

ľպ

ľȥˮգȥѾԸǣľԣתȥСѾͷɫĸȥæ

Ǹκԣˣأܳʡ

СǰɣһľˮҪ鷳С

Ҳɵϸ⼸ĽܶԻģƶ˵һ任ɹƣȻǶԷġ

õ˶ᣬô˷˵ķͷܹҡͷˣϲ˽ңᱻһ߳ġˣѾŮУ   ˡ
ӣֻܰ㵽ˡ

Žɣһʱҭ˼Ҫðűһ߳ķС

ųصĲӻ˷䣬ϣ˺һû뵽Ǻá
ľմСѾͷ۹۱ǱǹĿбӽˮѾڼӺСϣܿ˳ȥ

Ųߵ齱ߣĽܻǽ˫ۣһ뻹ǲҪѾ㲻ˡ

νʪӣšɰɣϸϸĽܵüۡݡò˵Ľܱ۾ҲǼΪÿģԼãɫѾӲ˶ӡ

ɿĽַܾ֣ۣ۵һСһֱδѣҲδ߳ȥ

ֽˮų˺ϴһ˰ɣۼҴ齣ºûһ˯ˡ

ϢƽȺĽ۾طϸ걱˯ݡűԡˮȴĽĬƪ侲

װһʱǰհϢ޸лֻ⣬δ̸ۼޣȴҲܱԸ޸лġ

˳ɻˣȴǲ֪ǷԸ

벻뵽װˣЩ

ʱһ䣬Ľܵķ˲䣬Ľ¶ǳЦָ⣬һıǼ⡣
˰ӣĴʡ





23.  ڶʮ    Һˡ

һҹȸ䡣ʱѾûӰŲ齱ߣ⴦ǱСˡẰһľձŽ

ˡ

ͷźŻһźɫȹһɴ¸٣˵㵭ױ

Сߵú𣿡ԥã˳

ʪӹݸһЦСˣԸūĪҪ纰ѹ
˵СЩˣ˵ţǲǰ㲻ϲ

ûмʣ߳䣬ϣСѾǱ˳ʳܿһ

ʵЩˣű㲻Ϊһ׼ģľľҡͷ˵ū澺ջδȥԸҪš

һλŶ   ʮѾ߷µ룬ˣǸϵĹԸģ˵СԺţūǶ͹

ԺסԺ䣬ŵǺϲҹ

Ѿֽ죬һ䣺ʲô

Ѿԣʩū㣬ԺĴѾߡ˵ǴѾߣҲǼǰŵǰԺֻж˲赹ˮСѾߡ

ͷʻȻ˵ˣȻҲھͶ磬㾲ŵĽܡ

СѾǷźóʳһԸʱĽܱ˽һϮɫƳۣԵӢ޳

ҹľĽһ䡰ȥܵ˾ţ񣬲ҳĵ׺£ĽܻΪԼҹ

ҲվԾִ٣ϸ򡭡

ĽͣĵԽƽϾԽԣԼ侲ȴ˵ĻҲЩ⣺ˡ

ӵһ٣СȻɻ飬漴һ˿ЦݣСŰɡ

Ľü֪ˡ˵ˣȻֻСĬһ棬Ҳ¡

׽ֻѾ߲ʱ΢Ŀϸš

պľűһ仰˵ֻͷϸЩżǰһֱҪһҲû¡

һֱŽˣСѾʰ˲иȥͬʱ

㡭Ļ̌ۿ

ҡ

ȻһԭͲ֪˵ʲôֻ˽֣Ľܿڱ˲ص˵

ĽܣպȵöЩ㣿

⻰ŴЩ˼һԵѾǶߵõͷ֪ľգֻδֲûǴѾߡ

뵽ҹڷۣΪչĽȷۼ˿̻ЦԣδСæ

ܾͺãպҲڸУ¿ѰĽܵ⻰һ˼ڸУѰ֪ܻܲ⡣

һ£ŵá

豭һСڣһ䣬һַ²豭¶˰ذ

Ľһת󣬺Ȼ   Ϊβ

һ㶣ʲô

˳Ľܵ߿Լ󣬺ܿ뵽ΪֻѪָ΢Щί

Ľܽʱע⵽ˣҲδĺɰȴҪΪβ

̫ˣҡȻЩ˵ˣкأĽܡˣô롣

δ˵ĽȴҲµǹⲻ룬ڣǰ͸ĺ񡣡

Ȼǽ͹ġתһ룬Ҳ˵Ͼ͸ġӦ͸С·ˣǰͷѦ

лˣһϸպõġ²ߡ

ĽԣԶƬ̣ǵڶˣ֪仯ȴ֪˴

һ˵Ÿúһ󣬵ȹЩӣˣӴĽ˵Ż۾ȴһֱű뿴ηӦ

ҪЦˣֱܼ˵ãùЩҲžҪ˽ˣ

ҲٶЦסǣлС񰮣ֻЩˣ㲻СˣСߡ

䣬ľնΪһѺﾹȻֱĽܷŭ

ԵظߣĽֻ벻ͨΪÿһΣǰ˱㲻˼֣ļ

Ľ˼Ƭ޹仹һδ˵ȴǲٿˣһ䡰úϢ뿪ˡ

Ҳȥɡ㼸˵СѾ߸ǣ˳ȥ

ֻʱղŷ߷ߵ⽫Ҳ̫۸ˣз˽Żù¼Ƽҵĵ

ľűüЩȻĵקһյӣսĬĬű

ݸһЦ£ڣһŵߣҲ·

ǣ

-

ĽܳԺ첽ȥ鷿ܼ죬Щ졣

ӣ˸սôûжһĽԹֱϣ˰ϵš

ǰմϢȷе˵ǸѦһеİӽš

ܼ״Ҳ˵£ϢѦһɽ

Ľܴɨۣ˵   Ѧŵ˴ɽҲüĿڽӵɽϵķկйء

ɽկĽܴǰԭ߳ǣȴҲ

ɽԭβɽһǰկδ󵱼ҹѲκ󣬸ɽ㷢֪£ʱЦ

կǽɣȴڽһΪͶ·֮˱ŷ׷ɽկ׳ȴǲӣΪԸ㣬˲Ӧ͢⣬Щ볯͢Ҳల¡

δ󵱼ҹѲǰδ󵱼ӣټΪأ˷կҵģ˴δݡѦŵˣ˵书ǿݶȻͨĽ˲²⡣

ѦźúõĽ˲ƫƫҪһˣãպеÿˡЩֻһתҲŻȢˡ

Ļۣ̌ŮӺȻˣΪ£

䲻֪Ϊ£ȴǲµ˷˺£ӣ㲻ڴڶվ˷ɣ

ĽƳһۣ֪ãȥ

˷Ըһ̾˳ȥܿĽԶԶǵ

壬죬˷취

˺ˣקһϹͷɾڡ

̤鷿ܺȻҹӿЩˣЦź˵ӣţš
˵꣬һű˳ȥֻ̽ͷڡ

彫еһ˲ĽܵİϣѯʵСӣСˣ

Ľ򴽣ԥ˵ҺˣΡ

һŹһҹľѾǵ÷βˣʱżӿɽʱһһūϸ롣

Ľܳ˵˼䡣

źϸ˼һΣ˻˷ӻ˷ˣ˵ûгڷĺȻֱ˳ƺҲһʱ벻

Ľü˵һ¡

⼸仰˵ҲûдΪͬӦøСˣǷĺ

ѵ治˵˻
ۿűһȥҪΪ޹ˡ

˵ŸЩӣӴ

һĴȣҵԵˣɫ   ҵСӴС˼ѽţôūƼңⲻǹҪС𣿡




24.  ڶʮ    ҴҲֻȢΪ

ԭ˵֪ЩֻʮͿʼƼңУ˽Щ

忴Ľ飬֪ףǰϵ˲ݸִͳһԿ׷£ūѽ˲ᶼ˹СӽԿ˲һС˱á

Ľܴ˲ᣬһ˼ۣʱü˲ᾹȻȱѽ⣬ǿ󶮣ֺϷ˻ȥ̧۵壬ȹŰɡ

岻⣺СΪ뷨Ҫأ

Ľ˼һ˲κʱһֱܼңȻ˽Щ

Сǲŷˣʡ
Ľףˡ

ҡͷЦֻйӺͷ˶λӣճ֮¸·ׯ̽й£˵Ҳ̫񡣡

ңūҲŷˣӴɷġһЦȤĽܣСͨ飬֮ǷЩ⵹ܹ¶ĥ

Ľ仹ǳĬ˰뾩ܴӪصľڣѾ˾ϡ

-

ű˹˺Ժ˶ദԺ䣬סԺһ޵ø۳Ժ󽫾ͷ˵Ժ

Ŵ󽫾û檣˸ƣһֱͬסһĽܵסһ˲ŵСһֱסԺ

֮󣬱ڻ;ȴһֱڳ˼ʵЩ²͸Ľܾ뷨ǣ½Σ⣬ֽԺ׮׮ϸһִ

޵֣
ɲ˿޵ı棬Ϊìأ

ԺľȷС̨ͤˮ鿣һɶ˵ţ뱾µĽвͬ˵ЩǴ󽫾˸ġ

һ·ϸܣᣬǫľնкøУѾ㡣

ϾѮȣżķ綼û⣬˼·档

һģȣջԺ£˶˱

ŹΣһһιűңѾ̸˵Щ֪Ӻδ   λ˸еļҳ̡

Ҳ֪ôˣƵҪΪĹӹﶨס˵һ䡣

շɿӻγԣ⼸죬û˿Ͻ֣һЩʵĴš

㿴һ۱ûֹ֮⣬ŵ̫⼸ָŰฮ鸮Ҧ˶ҪΪҦ檵Ϣ

ԣ̧ۿҦ֪ȻҪ檣ϽЭ

ҦҪ檣ˣһ䡣

ϧ˵檣˶֪Ѱ·ˣҦ˴Ҫ̫

㵣ô£

Ϊ⣬㵹Щ⣬˺ܴЦҦ̫סЩӣò׺С˻ظ˭֪˳ͻ

лϴҦò׳ԸԲҦ˻л̣Ĩ˵˳þˡ̷ɣֿһֶ֪Ů֪

лʵ̲ˣҪԼԺӡҦʱˤ룬ҪٻҾлŭЦһ䡰ҦӾ콫͵ֻ̫ҡ

֮⼸̫ҦòɿѾֵ˾׸ֻõĽǺˡ̾

չ⾰ȻѾⲽأ°ϸȻദˣϽĽѣֻǻ

㻰һתȻ˵ⶨһ£ǰͷֵ̫öͦ˵ѾüĿ⼸Ҳ֪Ъˡ

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һְŪűеĴף

ںһĬúճƿ˻ͷ㣬ȥԸŰɡ

⣬Ľܺ˲Ѿվ˺һ˵һ¡ʱ̤Ժ

ĽɫԸеЩ̧ߣæȥ

ȿĽܣľ˳ҲѾ븣

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Ľܵһۣеıңû̧ͷתӹе˲Կףһ䣺ȳȥ

ԣ϶ͣˣͷȴû̧

ܿ죬ֻˣĽ   ϣ˲мСϣºܴһԿס

⿴˲Կһһڷǰ̧ۣĽײ

СǺ⣿ʡ

ĪҪˣҲǲܼҡĽܵ˵š

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ԭֻһʱûͨﻹǻЩίˣڶѾ˳ˡ
СˣùܼңУôأݸЦ

ĽܿЦݣòŵѽ˲ˣв֮ԺʣЩǸϿⷿԿףĶ֮δã㡣

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ĽóһСԿףַڱǰʵľ΢һ塣

ҵ˽Կף࣬ԺԽױһŽȥպΪ˽⡣

ҼѳףĽܵޣҴҲֻȢΪޣвãֱ˵Ҳ֮仹Ҫ໥²⡣Ľܳ˵תͷٿ߷մ

Ľܵһñ۾˾þõ֮Сָɫȴǰ಻סľκˡ

Ĵ㣬ǿһԺ䣬¶ϡ

ȰԼ򲻿׶ͷķΨһޣβĶأ³̾Ϣǲܰϲˡ

Լ˵á

ĽգɶǺˣǱо̻ҪЩ
ǣ㲻ˡĽܵʡ

Ц⣬ͷöޣ˴ҲǺõġСΪѣպλؾˣҲһ顣

Ҳδֻһʱ˶ѣСǰһֱˣձ˵ܼСǻϲġ

Ůӣܼ޸лϲģ֮ˣһĻϲġ

Ҳ̰Ȩ֮ˣ벻ƣƾСԸҲ๣ֻǵʱΪΪ·λؾ֮һˣΪǰ㲻ֶεŮӡ

֮֮ǰˣС   ϣȻֽϣҶᾡģպջأز̡

áĽܳ

˻ӣǵһ㽻̸ֻʹ졣

֪ĽĿҪٵǻᱻڸй¶ϡ

ĽҲ֪룬֪һֱֻǾĽٲİ·ˡ




25.  ڶʮ    Ľ

ӣҪţ

ܵȻ˽ʱۣĽһ

Ѿ룬ϵĳʳϡ
ǱĽǲȥȥԸţһֱȵ˵Ъˣղߥܳѯʡ

Ľܱźž֣ǰ仹ʳԣΧûгʳʱǰ㲻ˣѾֽŶࡣ

ʳգĽűһյ裬˵ЩҪñʳ̧߳Ժ

ԺϹţӣ١Ѿ鷿ͤˡ

գĽܱҪܴӪΡǰ˸˽⵽ܴӪһЩΪֱȳҸҹӣƽŲѵͷʵںδ˭Ҳ֪׵١

ȻԣЩҹӣʣµĽʿһĽΣһС硣

ĽܽպٹҲΪǴͷҹӣֻǱֽãǰִ̽˱ϲá

̫ףչȥ˻ûаϢպֻдһ˳Ǽԡ

ĽܵʱٺСƳСˣò⣬ԶĽܹǲ

ϺǣС˼ˣ⻼ֵܣ˵ɣұӺ£Ц

Ľܲ߽ͤӣʯϣԹ˾俴

Ľ鲻̫ԣΪڱ˱ڣʱȤô㱻κӷиϳˣ

Ľɲۿ

ģôˣȻðκǰԼ䣿ٷ¾Ʊ

ĽˡĽܺ
ͷؼĽƽϣپһ£ЦĽˣĽˡ

Ľܲ߳   ͤӣͷòˣ٣

Ϊ鲻ѣҪд裬ɢɢ֪Լ򲻹ӲͷƤӭȥϾ

Ľֿܳ׼伫ܿǰ˺ü£ڰһҪлܷŹĿ

ܻŽ𣬺Ȼһͷ֣︡ʮֿУתȥʩˡ

Ľ⿴뿪µ˺£ĶЩҲС

һȭȥĽܾȻûҪܿĶȻЩȴǽʵʵҵĽϣǺܿѪ֡

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ԥż֣֣Ľ̻߹ȥ˲ֻܿгʱŻ¶

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䣬ڴеһ˱㱻һһߵϣܶһɵĹȻҹӣ°

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ǣκҡ

¹ӣٻδ˵꣬㱻ܼˡ

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С𣿡ʵ
Ľʮǿĳ˳ǣ˵ͷû¡

״Ҳʻ߻ԺϡתҪȥ£ס

ȥĶĽʡ

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СѾȥˮЩĸҩǲǳȥԼ˾ʪ

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ĬΪѰ˴ȴ޷οСĪҪģܻзκõġ

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ĽܿЦ

ĽϵϣҲ֪ܲȥǻκòΪģӦòڡ




26.  ڶʮ    ɫˣɫˡ

ҹͬߣల¡

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Ȼ֪Ľȥһ뵽һȥ˻Ͻ֣㲻ɵЦѾǷ׷׿һΡ

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ڽΪԼѡ񣬱ЩЦã˵ҵݶĻشأ

ȻôϵĶȷʵǳ̫࣬ԣ壬⡭

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ͷҪȥţ֮ǰ˼Ƭ̣ʵСտΪ˹ܼһС

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ҪΪ⻰ţԸĽܽһ㣬嵽֪֪Сİ֮ˣ

ԼĪװ£ЩңǾģҲûԽѵ˼㰲˽ļױŽĽܵ˽⡣

˽Ķȷʵ࣬Ҳ˵٣Ľʱ뾩֮ǰ󽫾˷ŽȥģһЩǻؾ֮ε۵ʹԼĺ񣬱һһ˼¼

һձȥˣŹںԺߣԡڴ齱ߣȴǳٳû˯⣬ܾ˸ˡ

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ǲõϰߣġ

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ҹȻ۾ƿһӰ룬齱ŵһ飬˲ѣ˭

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Ľܺһͷοһ£뻹ûжֻ´λˣ鷿

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ûٽӻùȻỽһС

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Сˣˡ

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¹үͷһأҪ磬ֱȥż硣Ľܱκ˺ͺȥ鷿𻰣Ž˷Ժ

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һչЩȴҲҹδ飬ҡͷգͬס

ֻʣСǵˡ

Ȼ׹ЦԷǣ´Ӵ˵ġ

漴Ц⣬ˣôأû̽ЩСĵ٩




27.  ڶʮ  ۣ   ѷǡ

մκĽܱ㿪ʼϳ˳ҪȥܴӪæ顣

Ҳæ˵ԭ򣬻ĽйءĳĽ壬Ժ˻Բ˲ŸҲֻһˣԾΪҪѣԸһ

ζ̲סҪЦδǰ㾽ȵС

ʱڲýУĽܻԺһԵϺŲ迴죬Ȼ˵һ䣺ҪΪΧ

⻰һڰűеѾǶͣ϶ؿҲͣ˼ӣ̧ۿ

ĽܲЩ죬²յʣôˣ

򴽣²µĽ룬˿Ҫ˵ԽģСȻҪʧӣֻΪСһˡ

ԥСϲɫ

ֻΪԽɫЩɫĽϸСƣԽϾСȻҪûϲһЩ

ĽܿУɫͻûҲϲ˵Ļȴķǿǣпɡ

˳ǣС   ˵пɣȴǲԼѹףѡƥɫӣС

Ľܾ鲻⣬漴˵ͷ

Ըľȥ˽ļױȡЩЩǽϺõĽмƥɫǽⱸñĽѵӡ

ľСѾȥ󣬱ȽΪԽѵĽвúãּ϶

Ľһڲ裬ʣЩҪãЩŵǿЩɰջá

պҲһػĬ˻ЩԽ쵽ˣΪһѡ

Ľܱ㷴Ӧֻҭ˿˿ڵСʱ齩ӲٱҪ裬ֲˮѾһһЩ£ȥ鷿ˡ

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ѣĽȻҪġ⻰ͣסֱñΪΧڱҲδٶ٩Χߡ

ɫСһ䡰ԸͷҲصĴ߳ԺֻѾǵϷЦǴĶ䡣

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ȻҲСոΣܴӪæ

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Ϊ˲ײСǰٴˣվӪҪʲôԿ֮Сջæ㲻ظ

ָսһ·̾Ȼǽ⸮Է޵ûֺҲ۴󷽣ǳ㲻ǲܿԡ

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ֵԺ˻δݣѾ˽

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ȻѾͬ⣬ǾǴκС¡

лл

Ľɫűڰ׷ۣĬ֮̾˿

ˡ

ѽС˸ܴ

ͷתͷգȥܣСԺ

ճǣתȥ

Сտɻй񣿡ʣĽ˲衣

СȻͶľϣȻҪ֮袣û袣ǡһƵĽۣԭЩóСл

Ľܺʱһʱ֪Ǻ⣬ҡͷ

ЦֲǲǣŻһ˵µСôЩǸýŵˡ

һۣСǷ




28.  ڶʮ   з

Ľ΢, ȻʣɫһѹĴ, á

ʱӣǸ, ˵Ҳˣʵ벻Ϊη˱䡣
һЩ

׽   Ľܵ, Ҳ˼Ц⣬Ȳ巻õǰ羫, ȴҲ˼˰¶, Ľ˿⡣

Цŵͷ, һʱ˷ԸѾߣ߽, Ҫ˳ȥһת, Ľ˽

ڣľ໥ۣһЦ, δǽȥСޡ

ҪӣĽʣͷ, 㽫

æۣΪĽܻȥ棬˭֪ȻԼһʱߺա

Ľȴ, ϶ޣڲպҲҪ̹ˣǰڡ

ˡ

תĽһѩ£˫ֱǰ˿ܻ䣬˴̹ʵԵССš⵹ҲǣǼǷޣĻҪű˴ˡ

ˣվƤЩܿĽչڽĽϡ

Խ⻹ǵһΰӸ¡

ĽܼΪϵۣǲֻԼǰæǱ̧ͷᷢǵЦѾѹסˡ

Сú𣿡´Ľܣźͦġ

Ļֱ̌۶˶ɲոպãţá

ԣܺӣС嵽ˡ

˻һۣҪ˵Ľܽӻ£ϴһˮͿѾ̧˳ȥֻøߡ

Ľ߳䣬˽һ£̧Խ󣬽תڣŶ˲յһǲ   עⶼѡ

Ҳϵڱʣӣǻˣ

Ľ²յţģŻϣú⡣

СﻰⶼЩҫζȻҲ˳ĺԣܵСأɡ

תȥܿ콫С˽СͷҲ̧ȥμүˡ
˵ˣͷŵľǹˣ涨Ҫͷ

ɡĽܵ

СЩӵض¶һ˫۾͵ĽܣֱĽܵݣȵͷܡ

ССʣС𣿡

ҡĽüС岻֮ǰһ棬Ȼǵã㻹ǵðԽ𣿡

С㶵صͷ

һֱЩȴǵ񣬳Ҳ޲֣ͬĽ顣

ŰԽһѧ𣿡Ľʡ
С۾һæͣصͷ

ݲͬԽպӣ̴ӣӽҪΪףΥ𣿡

Сᶨͷ

Ľܼ״СС̫Щ͸

գκ˺ͻ֪ԭ׽֮˶˻Ҫſ⺰ȴ˼á

СȷʵЩʣЩΪĽҪǺĽܻΣ֮⡣

Ľܲ˼ֱӵС壬˷˵Ļպ㻽

Сֳűͷл

ܣ˽Щأ͵   κĽ˵ܴ꣬ȥ

ھգȥһˡ

ĽȻ֪ÿ¶Ҫȥһ£Ҫ˾䣺ȥ£ȥ

ҡͷԼ˰¹ã㲻ͷСˡ

ĽܲδЩˣҪ˵˵

ʱӿɲ䣬󷽵Ҳã˻ȥ

-

գʢ޳ʱʱգȴһֱû꣬ȡ

ڣĽΣɫֳ飬ϸϸġ

ʢǷɾӪ;׸ƣӪ׸Σǻ档أεĽ֣ڶҪ£˶

ϴڶѻɽһһĽܽƣϥ⣬ɫ

س鶼ЩͺͷдģҧĽ֣ɬѶ˲ǰҪٰʮ顣

ΪӪͳ죬ҪϤط򡢸פǲţһѾʢ£ǻڹҲΪˣĽΣΪæ

ڲԶϣܱŽбĿ񣬽Ͳͬˣ̽ͷš

գСһֱһѻɫĳۣʵɻϸ۲ˣǼҲûʲô֪֮Сۡ

ĪǽֻСһӣ

µ죬һظҪﵽ⻻ѣԡһŽȡСһӴ˼գѾ˰ɡ

أܺȻۣ͵͵ؿĽܣʱèըëһ㾯迴

һת ʳָߣ꣡

ʲôꡭ

һס죬ֹĽܣ˵֪СΪֻһӣѵǽû

һĿ֣˵ʲôǼҹϴĿǼҷģ

Ŷԭˣͷ˿ͬһ˺üͬӣСôնһ

ƳһĽܣǼ⣬Ҳǣһҹϴ촩

Ŵ졣

ƿԱʲôֻһȴǷ˵⣬ӶȻṼȻҪഩЩӣз㲻Զ㣡

ʲôϣ˼ˣļҹˣκԣĽ˸ǣߡٲ֪ʱڶֻֻƬȴճ٩ܡ

ܺҧ˻еĽֹԼһƲסֱӴ١

ǲׯûпˣѾȥˣܹҭ

˵ھܴӪְͬҹһ㣬±㲻У˿˲ׯ˲Ҷ⣬ңҲ̼֮·

ӵĲׯ¡õòˡٵһܣ˵ۣת߽

ܣٱ߱
Ļ̌ʣк£

£һˮһܺͽʶȤ˵øԶ

ٵܣҪͬҶ⣬ߣպԣǻǮģǻƥ㶼ĽҾΣ

Ľܷ飬ɫҶҪ֣

ȻǣҴ ϵתˣǵѰЩɿĲ԰չպȶ

뱱սң͢Ľֹ߳һİ뱱Һ˽óףϵͺ󣬳͢δּȴҲ˱߾

Ľܶ˽⣬Ȼ͵͵˷ﶼճָ߳Ϣ

ǰð˽ﶼʱ˼㣬УЩѾ˱һ壬˵߱ˡ

ԷﶼΪ㣬ʱҶΪ֮˿Ҫ̿[1]õ޻أѪ޹顣

עͣ
Ҷǣ˽




29.  ڶʮ   зҪ

ĽٵĻ, ϸǣս˵дһֽ, ڷﶼ١

֮ǰﶼǣдߣδӽ˻, ûоʡ

˵£𽥲ȥ£Ҳµò, κ

ע⵽ĽбƳЦŻ˳ƺĽӦһͬȥ, һҪȥ

Ľܲ, ׼, ʱϼʡ

ҲٴŲ˼ϲ豱, ʼΣѾ뵽ܾ֮, ˴ĸ̣ʱޡ

ԼĪһʱĽܿ, ֱ·٣ƮƮȻȥ, ܣˣڽ綩֪ͨ, ϼǵԾư

ȥзҪ㣬ǲͬĽʮǷĻͷҲشˡ

ĽܣĽݣ˰ɫѡٵڶ

ٵϣƥ۶Ľǰת˷򣬳ɽȥ

-

£һͬ󣬱ȥԺݷʦȥɽԺѰл𻰣һǡ

ֵͷͬ⣬ȸһѾˡľȥպԺ

۾ʦ˲裬ȱ˵۾ʦƽ   壬ȴ֪ʦྫͨ

ⱭƴڱһĿζϸϸƷһ˿ȫº󣬴㡣

ڣʦСĽܣҷ

۾ʦºӣսС˭˲šϲ£Ϊ̾

Ŀһͣ岻δ̾Ҫ˵̾ҲֻûκβϲʦȻǿˡ

ڹʲô۾ʦʡ
һӣӣ̧ͷʦСһգ

۾ʦ𣬱ʦԭԵ޷֣԰ãԼزסģҸǺã

۾ʦһӣϣѳΧ֮ƣ޴ϢᣬСĴţҲЩǴţδؿţҪıġ

𣿡ʡ

۾ʦͷɲš

Ժɽߣ²ӺΪʵ̫ˡ

£˸ʦպͲÿ¶ˣһ£Ѱ󣬿ȴɻˡ

ŴɲţǺ⣿Ск֪ǲСӰһˣ

ɽɽ徻Ӱϡ٣ȴ;ĺȥڵü£ûע⵽Զһˡ

ⲻκԣѾĽˣôڴ˴ģЦţ´ű

̧ۣǰˣЩ죬

½ҶҲѰ۾ʦճѱ

½Ҷ

ǵ˵֮ŮҶ뺲ѧʿĵŮ½Ȼ

Ҷһ֮ŮԭʢһڹŮݵ΢֪½ȻҲڹŮȦķˮ

ȴΪ֮£пղμӸŮٰͻ硢Ʒ硢ʫȵȣʢŮ죬Ҳֻཻ

Ҷһ㻰д̣ϸ룬ҲǰΪл˵һЩ֮δ档

Ҷ⻰˲䲻   Ѱ۾ʦǻ۾ʦǣԺ棬ûӡ

ǰյһۣҸ˵һӲʲô죬κ˹Ȼûء

㡭ջԣʱ˵ֻ»Ǵ˳ȥֻ˵κûйء

Ҷɻ£ѯʣǶ

ҶЦκ⻰˵ģҹѰһ㣬˵ײҺȻͷɡ

½ȻӣһԿϷ½Ȼǣ½ȻɫؿһҶ裬û˵Ҳڴ

ǵѦգ˵мĿܻᱻͻСһҹ˷ܵߣڶȴСκĴͻּ⡣

Ӵϲ󱯣һա

ҶΪκǻˣֹܻҶ裬

ݸҶ˵ЦˣҶҲ֪Ҳλﲻ죬һʱδλݣѾ߲˵һ仰ңͳײλ

㡭Ҷٱ粵ŻЦԭǴˣûκסҺȻκǸֻӵҵĶ䣬ͷϸա

ģҪտͷԣ̧űҪ

κǼ޸С֪Ͱ͵Ҫ޸𣿡ҶסŮҪ

㵱Ѱл˴ڨҪ޸ˣּ޸СĶ⡢ˮС֪𣿡

½Ȼ⻰ڰ׷˼£Ŀڱת

ҶֵŶԣСİ֮ˣŲΣΪ⣬

Ǽ˵ʶҪάҶúõĹŮƫҪֻѪ˵ثΪҪԼΪݵҼҹͷϣʢǶ֪Ҽҹǹء

Ҷ̧ۣ־Ҫգ㼰ʱգһơ

ռ˵ҶĪҪ߳ŭ   ӲţۼҶԼϯҪ޸ˣϧлƲϡ

ҶŭһǸʲôأǸ澸ץס˺졣

ʱѾ߾ͳ½ȻѾ߼ûҲҶѾһץա

ѾߺľŤһ𣬳ʮֻңպƵ·磬Ϻܿ˼Ĩָӡ

Ҷ裬Ǵδй⣬Ȼպ۸

ߵҶ࣬ЮЩѾ߷֣Ҷ㱾ԩ޳Ϊˣ

ҶԼһռϷ磬ʱ˵Ц⡣

δĺʹתЩѾǱϥԭشպһµվЩѾм䡣

˲䷢˱仯˶ע⵽ǽű˼ʯӣ̧ͷܣûӰ

Ҷ󺰣˭

ĺû˻ӦȻһʹһ£ڵϡ

ϣۣ˭ָӦ

˻̧ߵߣҲ˹ڱǰŵϵҶֻȻˣͽˡ

Ҷܻһ۵ŵ֮ˣתһȳһĶӡ

½Ȼδ뱱ֱ˳ͻȻżߣЦ棬˵ĻȴЩǼκȻŲһʧ

½ȻûҲ磬ȴĬѾҶ衣

ϸ룬ԼǷҲ½Ȼһʱ벻ҲˣЩкǣ

½ߣ͡԰գ̧ɽԺߣպ漴ϡ

½ȻűӰʧɫոն˰бκСŵ

ùŵ߰ɡ

ϵѾʯӴ򵽵ĵطʹ̣粽УȴҪʹϡ




30.  ڶʮ   ظ

սԺ, ֱ㿴֡



۹ȥ, ֺлԺһСͤ̧Ż˹ȥ   

ͤӣδ, ѾϵָӡǱ˴ˣǸո˭ˣ

һյ, ָӡѾ˳ĺۣջ, Ҷ, ˳ͻ, Ѿûˣϡлҩ

л˳ƺ, üһ˲ߵѾϲ

ϲ, ߵߣոϲݡ

û˰ɣȻ۸, ȥűһȦûˣŷת, ҪȥѰ

æסȰˣѾ˽ѵˡ

˭, ô죿ʡ

ӦСˡ²⣬ȻЩδ¶棬벻Ľܣ˭ڰл

һСŵˣǶȻɿˣ˱лм䣬Լ¡

л˵˽ԭίûв廰£ŵڣκɣ˽ˣҪ֣һϽ㶼ˡ

˳ƺԭлϻ⣬ϾлΪĵΪǰᣬĽ㡣

Ͻ㣬ҡ

лϿȻź㲻ܼ޸㻹ǿԻһ㣬պĽ۸㣬Ѱңͷ

һԸ͵ͷңҲѵ

֣µɫŪÿЦãͷãǰڴлϽͰˡ

ЦһţѾҲЦҲЦţѾҶлϵĻµ˵лҪ֮ˣȻǷˣѹЪ˶

ܿ죬ʱȥˣֵҪɽʱл˶߳Ժ

תϽ㣬ͨշŹԼӻΪһѾʧġ

ǰ㣬˸ֵã߶ˣҲԷģշ¹¿ʼҲѵ˵һ

лϿһ󣬻ͷ֪ˣĪҪģЩɽɡ

ЯɽӰнԶʧлϿûӰ   ɽ·þ

ȥɡϲ



лϻǰ̫ʢѷ޵̫ʱΪЩ·

κֵʱԶԶӰվڴ⡣ţһϴЩ죬ġ

Сô£

ľƼǼһ㣬

ԭľָȥһƫԺеĲʩһ¡ʱѾȥ˺ɽԺڴ˻

ʱ㱿ĽӰ۾ŷ֣Сˡ

Ȼ뵽СҹҪǰС汱ȥ򣬾Ϳ֪λߵСǰ

ۿСҪڨֲǰȥ˵Си֮һСĿһҲȥֻӱ

˭֪꣬Ϳ˱֣ˡ

ľĽתıһһϣ

ȻȴǲˣΪĽˣǲǰո˳ͻҶ½Ȼ

˵նﰵһ겻ɢ

ظ

ĽܺչЦգ˵һ䣬ڳ˶סˡ

죬սģʱʲôˣʲôྴ˾֮⣬Ժֻһ仰ơ

ðǣƻ˷Χһ͵Сô˵˶ҵĻ

ľҲţǼĽܴǱһʱᡣܺ㵹ϵһ㣬û̫Ӧ

֪˵ġ񵽻Ȼ⼸Ľܣֹסо̾ԭܽڻˡ

ҶЩڨڨ¶ѿ½Ȼȴһ̽ס˱ļʷ

Ľûˣֻߵߣͷ

á¶ǳЦ˻ʱһǻȥʱתͷ֡

֣һζЦ⣬û£û£Լɽߡ
˵ţۣ   ĪҪԼֻܸС

˼ͷĽ֣ŽԼַŽУܵƣָڷ޳

Ľܴűǰ˼ת˵˭

Ҷ¶ϲɫĪСۣɤϸССŮ֮ŮҶ衣

ĽɫʣҶ裬¿磿

Ҷ˲ϵֻάϵһ˲ָܿɫͷεǡ

Ľܲ˵Ŀһ䣺¹ฮ

԰գǣűߡ

ҲЩ죬ĶѹѾϡ¾ھ׸λξû뵽ȻҶı硣

Ľʱűϣнǣȥ

ϵĺľűü˼ȵչЦˣ

ԺȻһЦͷ

㻹ǵõ˵ʲôĽܵýȹϵһ˿Ľϣָ⡣

ϸ룬˵ڶѲʱ޺㷻϶ĸףץƹ

˲鵽ҶйӴ˵˼仰ǰҶǡڼʱ·㷻

ԣ̧ۿĽܣ⻰˼ǣץƹ񲢷ֻߣҶָʾ

ԽԽÿԺܴ󣬵·֮½ȫԼϣһξİӲôֻһ˿ߣ϶һĹ

𣿡ʡ

Ľҡͷһɵ㣬ҶΪҪ㷻֪㷻κӣ֪ΪҪʹأ

˼һգҶ£Ҷ轫ϡ

죬ҪĽܽԼҶӣҪǣлˣֻ˵ҺһЩڡ

ˣˣҶ֪㷻κӣҪ㡣Ľ   ܵ

ŵͷӦþˡĽЩ۸ˣȻҪе

-

ظĽȥ鷿ԺľջһɴȹСһ

ӣ鷿⺰
Ľܵ

ƿţ߽ȥĽѾϴһ׳ڰǰŪһɰʱõǼᣬζЩɰԵҲĥۣ֪ʱܻһ

ӣ¡

㽫´˵һ飬Ľɫֲزסɢ˳

͵͵˭Ҳҳԡ
֪ˣȥɡùĽܳ
ԣתͬһ㣬첽߳鷿

ֻӲͷƤڣӡ
ȥҶݺ£ԼҶϵϵϵ˷ǶûУһ𡣡Ľܰźɰˡ

Ҷɵ䡣

ǡӦ






31.  ʮ   ԸС

մ, ڽʢǵȸϵһ˿ʣ䴫˵ⳡ꽫ʥҪȥļƻƳˡ

ȻҶȴǳ, ŵҶ͵͵ȴǲҶԡŵҶ裬Ĩᡣ

⼸, ǵҶ۴ϵˤȣڲֱߣ˵ҲΪ򻬵Եʡ

־͹, ˵ֶ±סͷ˲Ȧ˽Ӫ١ܻ¸, Ȼѹ, Ӷ, ܻܲΪɺϡ

æ˼λõͬţЩ, ²һɹԱԡ

ϵڶ࣬ΪӪ, Щ׻ɣȻҲбĹԱ

ϵһ˵ǣһȫ, ֻ֮¡ǣ, ˸ﰲȻɴˣŲµӦ볯޹ء

Ҷϸһ·ظ֮˸   £ҶŲΡΡ³ʵ顣

Ҷʹļ, ôƫƫλϴҶ裬һϽǸ˴񱻸˳

ǱظҶʹǵú£һҲڸкúѧ£żˣϹܣǻˡ

ҶСųܵ˱˵ܿӣۡ

үͻСϻճڣͱҶݽ˹ȥ

ССС˲ͬ꣬Ϊ紫ТǳŮӵ䷶˻ͣأҶýյˤϣתϣ㣬̳ʲôˣ

һίҲǲҶ죬ֻү񽫾ǸɸǺã

ҶҲƽ̾ϢҲֻϣСдǼƽˡ

ֱ漸춼ûٳ£ǲŽģ֪СǷŹˡҶҲ˽ѵպٲ˱

-

ѵ÷磬ɽڣʢʮﲻС̷˾ɻƺͿƣ͹мˣһͬš

Ѽˣ˵ٲЩͲסȰ˵ֻôӦ

ʱ֣ϽֻǺˣϺ磬ʵһټľˮʺŻƣΪѤá

˿ʼƷ˺ڣƮƮ˳£ϰյƻ۵һǺʢˮܽء

УЦ١

¸׼˻ƣקűһ·˺ӱߣƣС

죬ЩԸ   ˫ֺʵԸ

ŷ˻ƺԸǻ˳ˮ²Ϩ𣬱Ը档

ȻѾŻƣȻҪԸһҲַؿڣ۾

֮´δı䣬Ը念ܵԽƽϲ֣κһҰȻ˳⣬ֻټһԸСġ

ۺ󣬱ŻƯԶߵֻţѾ˵ʮЩʧЦ

һЦԶ¥ϵĽСĽܶż٣ԶԶϽ֣һʢ

ԸѰյƣƼƲδϨüЦűҡΣδ𡣡

ݸˣδ𡣡

ˣ껨ˣȥѰ̨;һԿơ顣

תӭļ½ȻߵѾŻƣҲŻƵġ

λòڣע⣬һЩֵɢշ׷ֹͬ;һ㣬ǡ

Ľˣ¹ǳǳЦŴкŮ̬չ־£ҲŻƣ

ף½Ȼֻ뼾˵ǰѾˣþò

ǰþòˣδĽ壬ֶЩˣպ߶ţĽҪ

ЦȻɨӭ

뼾˵ʶ˵ཻֻż֪˱˴˶ǰ֮ˣԼ¹һضѡ

ÿÿ

Ȼһ󺰣Ⱥһɧѭȥһƥʧ˿ƣֱײǶ

һλ¹ӣҵѾϣ˿ãֻһ·ǲɢˡ

   ÿÿ

Ⱥ׷׺ˣ㿪㡣Ӧܿ죬־Ҫߣ˭֪ӱקסۿҪǰֻҧ

ֻͨһˮС

ͨ

һǽСӵˮУ㲻š

ͨ

һһɫӰˮС





ֺͲԶľս

ˮˣ

ţˡ

ˣ죬ˡܳ¡Ѿ˵

鷢̫죬û˿ԼˮֻǱײˮС

ܿ죬ٺͼҲ˹Ѱֺͼ

ߵסοµģѾȥκˡ

һĽˮȥ˱ת޺޶½Ȼ㣬㣬ҺͰԶ㿪ģΪʲôôô񶾣

½ȻҲҡͷңңûУҿˣûСû뺦

ȷʵûҪֻ˻һѵһûҪֻ̫ˣһʱž˷֡

˵ֻԣһˮæתĽܱѾȥı

ҪȥѯĽܵ

ܣȥѰ򣬽ҽĽ»űˡ

ԣһûӰľոϽĽܡ

Էóһ·ǿĽݣҲϳλӾСĽܣ飬еŮֻ»Ľˡ

鲻£Ȼ˲ң۵ײһŮܳܣ

£ڽֱ»ʺ󣬻ÿһЩ   סҽҽҽͻฮ

ҲĽûаżٵԭöڳҲ˾ţȻҪͻظϡ

ҲȥҪȥֿ޳

ҪȥҡٵֿŵͷŽˡ

ʱϸԶһλ¹ӾվŰվۼĵطָţǸմӸ¥л

Ľ֣ܵЩײȻܾ±лҲ˸¥кĽߣٹȥǳӡ

λСҲ˾û£ˮˣµؿܡ

ˣ֮Ļѱ֮ˣסתϰ

СһײСˣŵò˵ֻţˣˣˡ

һ㱡Ϸ½Ȼ½Ȼ·һͬ˺ӱߣ˭֪¡

½ظɡԷ½Ȼ½ѾߵѾǲ֪ǺãĻмؿ

ǣתԼ磬߰ɡ




32.  ʮһ   ֮Σ

ɫ, »̧ͷϰϰԺڸĺƻ, Ӱӡڵϡ

ӲڸԺСѾԺ˳˻лϾɽ, СѾǶպķǳڴ

˴Цһ󣬽Ŀת㣬һСѾʵ, ô˰

ǵЦ⽩£ָܿܺ, ˳ú, ĬȤ, ˱ӦСһ, ֻûп

СѾ߼˵㣬Ѿȥ, ӻܲһ˻ȥ

СѾԱߵһλѾӣʾҪ˵ˡ

㿴Ƕ, ʧЦˣ÷µͷ,    ֻǵһϰߡ

ҼȴӦ˵ȢңͻһֱȻδܼˡ

СѾǲ˵, Ƕ֪ǰ뿪˵СĲ£гģС˰

ǰ߳ţѰϽִǼ˸һλĹѶ˽ӵкչˡ

㲢Ըֻסһңԭֻǿ˳мֱ£ָպӹٽŽԼ˵תͷҪ˵Щ

ӻ˽屾ӣԼѾߵĻơ

˳Ĭ䣬ĽܱűԺԽǣ߽ݣƽڴϣȴǲٶǴûйĻҡ

ʱûпûˣĶǱߵอ

Ժе£Ÿ˽ȥĽһˮϵıҲǸղˮ´󾪣һǳˡ

ӣǡ

ȥĽ˵

ԣСѾǴۣ˳ȥ⣬һСѾȥ

Ļ֣̌⿪´ʪ͸£Ȼ£ֻʣһ϶ûԥؽ⿪͸ļû˿˺ۡ

жȫȻֽͷľѣ³ѾõһˣΣ

ȿȣ

ԼĪǶЩôһΣ˼ƿ³ˮĽı¾ˣŷ

ʶˮǻؿЩವģͷԼǰƬ⾡¶⡣

ǰ˵ϣŴŴӱﴫĽܣ㣬֮Σ

Ľǳ׷˵ʧЦҷΪ˿Ƿˡ

οǷޣ˾ͿˣպܻῴҴ˷ˮ֪ˣٶʱ⡣

ս𣬱һʯĳȴڿ˵һ˲䣬δйĺ£뿪 

ˣҳȥѾ߽㻻ɾѣţĽ

ͷﶯ£ĽܳȥĽŲԼ˵ȻһŲ

̧ۣľգʪ

ˣռľΪˣһ·СܻظûܸĽܵĲ

ɫؿҪ޳οû£û°Ҽ㲻Լ˺ûˡ

ͨˮԣԼˮ棬֪ôͻȥˣϢ㡣

ңľҲ˵

˷űľź˼ɾȹսʪ˵Ĵ컻¡˵ûˣ˷纮ֽ˱ӸǺá

ҲȷʵŵˣˣȥǰֻǵԼˮУ͵Ժ

ʣôģ

űɫãľն˷ĽܴӺｫʱ龰Ҫ˵û

յСˮСʹ˺ﱧһ·˸ȥҴ򡣡



ӣˣܱһˣܽԺϵ˷Ľǰ

Ľϸﶯһͷϸܽܺͽֱ˴ҽ

ĶϷȥ˵һ·С˲ΣҩҪߣĽ

ˡĽܵ

ԣ۾ţ㶵ӣѾ

ҲԺ룬Сӡ

壬һаã˵Ļֶ̌ͷһ£Դ˵ˣһȽȥ

Ľ߽ңľг˳ȥѾ£ߵߣ

ĽܶǼۣüСôʪѣ

ĽҲǸմˮгһ·ֹôѾˡ

ߣĶͷЩȣ£ˣ   

ֻĬϣĽܻܣ˽

ܿ죬վŵһȫصضź򽫱Żرӣֻ˾Ϸ򿪸ҩһѱˡ

˽һָ˺ɰ˴ȥָ˵ΣĲˣϷЬӶֻһֻͱЮ

ѭȥȻֻһֻЬһȳһߣЦ

ʱһ뽪Ľܿűº󣬵˯ˣ˳

鷿ͤٺͼڵ߳ͤӡٵκˣüҽ͵ˣû£ʱ߯ˡ

ݣκζһ٣ʡ

ԼˡĽܳ˵⻰ľ

ٺͼ±ף̾κ

ĽܲתҪ߽鷿һ䣺Ҳظɣ٣ǵøôϢ

ȵȣ˵½Ȼסκӣ½ȻԳΪ˾ˣδˣѾˣฮСӣк褣ʡ

Ľܶ˲ӣ֮֮

ԣüѧʿ½Ҳһɵˣֻ֦ͬһʱǣ˵ֻСļƽϣ

Ӳ̣֮𣿡

-

ĽٴԺʱѾϴһߵߣ˯ϣҪƽһĽ

ȻȳƵϢʱŲϢʱ̾ʹŷһš

ôˣĽʡ

۵õһʹҸʹСȥ鷿˯һٹ

ʲôʹҴҪȥ˯Ľܲ⣬Ҫ齣ȥѰ򡭡

Ľܣæ䣬ҡͷҴ򡣡

һΣΪԼ˵úˣû뵽ĽܻҪ   ҪȥѰһ뵽ʱĳ棬ֻ»Ҹطȥ

ֻõֻСӣҴ򡣡
ӦǽˮԵʣҪʹϼ֣Ľߣȥ鷿һ

Ľһ˲˻ȥŵǣҪô㣿

ҪҧãȻܵĽҲһ˽´Сϣߵ࣬˯ɡ




33.  ʮ   ʳ׽棩

һҹƽ, ڶ糯ȴ˷粨Ľԭûд㽫·ڳϽһ˳, ˻εۡ

ҹٽʱ»ʺ˵˸ţ»ʺε˵˼䣬, ε۲ҹС»˱ײ˻Ϻӣд£

εԳκ˺ɫ, ʱĽܣٹҲĽܿȥ

ĽҲû뵽εۻôһ, κ˺Ͷһۺ, еػ, ȷд£ֻǷ, ޴󰭡

ŶǴ, ҹʺҹҽ޻Ϊˣε۴һȦǵϵٹ, ͣĽϣ֪֮˭

ĽɨĹǰˣҪ, ֪ϵСҹںδ

ຫתһ㵿Ľܣԭл˭֪Ȼ˹ϵ, æеϣδŴ£ҹɼѽڣȮǳ˸ȥ˺δ֪

εЦһຫء̩ɽʱ˻ţûûƤƾ費֪߲Ҫӹһ١

Ȼ֪޸㣬ҹӵŰգκϣײˮУ׮׮һ㻹ʲô˵

ԣ˭ӣһת   ޻˵޷Ըܷ

ε۲ǵϼžһƬܿһɵĹԱҪ˵κ˺һеϣСŮأлҪ˵źС㲻ѧã˻카ΪβԼΪ޷źԲ֪СҴɷֹ˵ȵΪСӶҴɷΪ֪ʷС֪ˣȴ޻ڸ֮ģΪ֪ģΪط

κ˺ЩٹٽãΪǺƣڰٹٽҲսȺķһһЩҪĹԱԶԡ

ĽбƳһ۵Ϲŵĺ죬Ŀ⼫ϣûо̸ܽϵĹӣԴΪ̡ܽڹ̳ܽʲô˵㡣

θҽ褽Ľ֣֮ҧطȮӣպϼӹ̣ܽٷл

εЦſһϷϷĻȻҪһԲ飬Ľܶ»ӵмϲ

ˣ˽޷ٺ꣬ŷɷ˲ڣʮ̲췣£ɷʮ飬°ɡ

³󣬹Ա½߳ǵĽվڵ⣬κ˺ͳ󣬶һ

ܣ⾿ô£ˣκ˺ʵ

Ľܳ˵˼䣬һľʡˣֻ˾ӰȻ

κ˺ף

²ţ´ǧ£һ㴫÷зڿഫ˳ɻŴţ˳롣

ҹϽְڶֵ࣬½ʹҲûйѹٰȥвеƣһΪĴš

ž   Ǻѧʿ֮Ů½ȻСĽܣ˭֪С»˶мӣ˼ޡʧ˿سֱײ˻ģûСء

ɲɣĴžʮ֮˾ŵ

ΪֹǺ޼ڵĹഫ˼ǸˣҲǾˣպܼܲ޳ȥ˵

ϾûĸżҪ񶾵ϱҲԸˡ

½У½Ȼ˵½˻޵滨꣬ǵ½ۣԴҪȥฮۡ

½Ȼ֪Ȱס½ˣݺѪ̣Ҫʢҹӣû˿ܡ

½˼½ȻȰҲ²µԼŮЩ˵£һʱ˰οҲ֪ˡ

ҲԹǣԼ˻˼ʳҲá

ԺУַ߷ߵһ˽ҹ˵˱ǲ̫ģ˲ܰġ

һ·Ҳ˵˴ŵ¶ոս뱱

ҹӣ룬СڸӾʧףָΣ

ô룬½Ȼֵȥ壬½½˵飬ҲӦ

ּɫԲ԰ף˵ҲЩĲɣΪܾδ˵һɣ¶ȥˣҲˣպЩٷˡ

ͷСЩµۣ᲻Ҳȥ˯

ȥ˯£ҾȻظˣȸ㣬ľգǵӰҩˡ   ַԸ˼䣬ŴѾȸ߳Ժ

Žңڴϲã˯ˡʱѾһĽܵ

ˣ

̧ۣ˴ĽܡĺɫټĽŹ⣬㿴ֻ΢΢Ϣڶߣܸܵڿ

ҪţĽַϢڣ뵽ձĽܿӣ˲̣ҵرۡ

ȥǽƵƣ˳ʳĽ쳣ᡣ

صͷ

Ľ߳ңûһľսµĵһһںܿ

ľշű´󣬸һźڡ

ʱĽѾߣȥҪһ

ϸ۰ڷһĳʳ˾ƴ㡢ҬյԧЩ⣬кѪࡢڹǼѼһಹѪĳʳһȡ

ĬĬţ˼ڣԲˡľҨһѼôϸϸιźȡ

ΪĽѾùţֻΪŻٳЩ⿴ĽܳԵúܿ죬ƾǶЩʱһһȴ˵ţΪĿʣСҲδԹ𣿡

ĽſָԶһ£š

˳æ·ԺƼ˯ûдֻȥ鷿ȡЩһ㵽Ϧ

ڰ֮ƣҪ˱ĽҲûƣֻóųʳȱٶ

֮Ҳ飬صȱЩʱ򻹲ѣԻ

Ľܷ¿磬һڵ裬ҹฮСӺ褣ѱϷʮ壬֮ҪЩӣǸһ

ҹŷ£ѾˣδҲ̫Щ

ں褵֮ʧ   ½ȻǹʹˣʱδϣΣĽʡ

˼Ƭ̣ڵ˰ɡ

ĴŴ˵ĽŮӵҪѾˣ㵱ıӦҲʲôˡ

ĽĻĬΪһžͷŹδ̫ЩֻǱȻŹǾֻôŴøЩǶ֪˲źá

ҹ󣬷½ȻĴ𣬸д˵½ȻֻǼСݣɱģζ񶾡

½ֱʪ˺þ





34.  ʮ   ˮ

ˮһ´˲, 㷢˸ΪҪ¡һ꣬ˮ֣ׯؾ, ʧԹص

Ѳ֪ɽ֪ȡ֪Ծ鳯֡͢

й, ˮδʮ˷ҪҪˣ

ȵλʱ, ƣС, ¹ԱһʨӴ󿪿, ӡ˷ε۳ٳٲ, Թڣǲ, мΣ

ϣ, ̲ݻҪ粦ǡຫ¡

ӶĹԱӦͣȸ顣

֮ϣεü, ֮󣬿ڵκ㻧ڽ, ⰲΪղ󳼣ǰһ¡

εһǳ, һЩԱԴ˲˻ԣԱ찵ʾ¡

εɫް˵ΪΪ񣬵һ̫ҪٳˣǵòѲ趾ȥġ

ɼΪղ󳼣ȻҲһ

ʣһֱ֮⣬ۻεȴҪҲУǱ۵Ļ

⣬ӼǰĽҾоڱְ⣬ǰӣ   Ա׵Ǵ˴ȥϵѡ

˳ܹܳ½ϸ
ٹصꡣ

κ˺ʹ컧Ŀڼ֮֡պ󣬼ǰϡ

-

ߺҲǽ£ǰڽϳаĲ԰Գ˸һɶδñҺΣԼȿѪ޹顣

һ²֪ĸµĽ˶Уฮ˰˻ȥһټҷź

ӣ㶼ˣ֪Ͻֻ֪Ƶأã

༸ȥٺܿƤϺʹ⽹Ⱥ·˺Ҳ

Ѫĭӣߺɣ٣ӽҾԲ˰֣첻ãҲ̤ฮһ

һ׳־ʽǹ٣ҳˡҲ֪ĸطʹ˼ʹĽ

ܣҿҪȥ߳ˡɺžơ

⼸νһһ㷽ҵǳฮֵϷ̨ӣȻȱۣĽܲ˵Ҳѡ

ĽüǶ뷨Щ⣬Եˣ㣬ɲƸ۵ѡ񡣡

֣˱濴޳˼ֿܿأ

Ȼ̾Ϣֻ֣ôҵ뿪ʢ׾̣ͲʲôʲӵĹˣԸȴܾﲻ̫

뵽븮ǰĸĨˮҲקӲߣŵһ

ѡһԼߵ·ȴ

ңҲֻܲϵע⣬Ҳǲϣ٣ʺĸҹ˰

Ȼε۲ݹǿʢȻΪٴӱ߳ǻεֻֽӽ˾ܴӪδ⡣

һԭ»ʺޣ໥֣ǻʺĸҹǿʢҪԥǲ¼ң»ʺĶҲҪ

ʶ   ٵӡ

ĽĬȻ

ˣ˵ˣҾˣֻµȲˣҸ˵һһһԾơٷ¾Ʊ

ˣĽ𼸸ǰʢǻҲ֪Լزȥ߳ǣȴǱһ˿ң֪Ѧŵºơ

Ǵʲôʱʼǰ㼱Ҫر߳ǵͷأžǴȢ֮󣬽עⶼϡ

ܣʲôأָĽǰ⻹ûأھͿʼңȻˣȥ˷ﶼֳԲÿָ࣬²Ҿͻˣ˾ͱҵԭ¡

Ľ⻰òļףһ˳Ļֱ˻ȥֻ˾УΣ֮£ȥѰ󽫾ҰҲС

Ȼҿû̺ͰˣʲôҪǵ𣿡ʡ

Ľܳ˼ð費Ҫ£Ļ˰һȥʰ

ûˣΪĽܼûر߳ǣôҲҪ˵䣬ϸ룬ĽҲ˵Ựˣˡ

Ľһ죬ϣбУô󽫾ȣͲҪǿˣһûȥȵǷˡ

󽫾Ľյˣҽιֻǿߣо̵ϰ֮˵Ƿ˰

οֻҪȾͻӹ͸ʪۣҲĽսҲûô󽫾սԭ

ӶΪʱԲͬ࿴ۣÿλʱǶվһԲȰܣֻ޽ԼòС

˵Ǽṇ̀˴˼ңĽǰ󽫾˵ĻҲһ䡰˾С

ĽߵǰҹЩ˯£й˼󽫾ΪˢëһҪ˵Ļ˵

ˣԺҶŵฮ¼ʱŸңشţ͵㸮ϣҸҵκĽ˸Сٵ

š

-

ϽҪȥ߳ˣֵĻ۾

Ҳǿһ   ҳߡĸȥѰŴȰظϸ¾͹ȥˡ

ȥ˲֪ѹǹ˴˻ٸ֪Ҫȥ߳ǣס˺·ˡ

һʱû⣬ȥл˭֪лȥ߳뷨

лǣȻʢ˷ǣȥ߳ɢɢģСŮ˵Ѿû˻ᣬȥһսҲ㲻С

̫˺ͷ˵󣬾̫˺лΪ벻ֱл˵һͬȥǿӦ

л˽٣˲֪˵ģվȻһ붯

ǰҪȥҸʼٸߣĻ⣬˵ô£ʢѵȲһ߳ǣƵ

䣬ߵѾǶؿ

ȻСǴӱ߳ǻģֽ˵Ȼ߳Ҳǲã϶ûʢѽ˵ǲǣ

ֻűҡ£豱ͬ뷨ҪΪԼ֪ˡ

ǡЦŰֻΪҪʢȥ߳ǣôܲµõе뷨أ

˵СжȻҲر߳ǵģϾǴļ˺͡

Ȼһ˵ᣬܣܣѹ

ӣҲôõˣȴҶģġ

Ǻպ뾩Ҫȥϱ𣿡ʣñȥ

룬á

ߺ󣬱ü˺һŽǵ˸ɾƿע

ԽĹѾȥκҲպǰգ巻ЩѡЩ巻ϵĻơ

һѾߣЩһһ̿ԺУϸԱѡ

Ľ̤Ժʱľ龰Цѡһûгǣֻ鷿




35.  ʮ   л

ߺǽ, ʮ·ˡǸ߳¥ϣԶԶȥʹƻֺ, һƬûʣʢǷƽĴַǷ

¥, λ·   ЯŲԶĹٵͱٺлϵ·˺лöˡ

㣬Ͽ˵˶û·˵ɢڷ

лҡͷ, ٶأ

·̾ϢСҪȥ߳ǵ¶ǣǰ˵©, ұʼ, , Ӱˡ

ٶǸͨ͸ĺӣȻԼѡ˳·, ȥһҲãֻǰ, ǱҦ͸ģһҲʢ

л˵Ļ·Ҳ˳Ĭ, ٣ǶҲڻΪѰµĳ·, ̣ǲǲֻ֧֣Ķ⣬
֪ڽϵ, Ҫȥ߳Ǿ̣ǽӻƱ͵͵Žٵ

лҲ·˿ųģֶ׺ǰЩӣлȥҦңҦ˺һֻۣ˼ױ

ֻ۴Ҧֻ˶٣һ͸ģϣϴȥ߳

Զٵϣлֽǰ鷢ڶ󣬵Цôһ˵ֲȥ˱߳ǣˡ

ֲţ㣬ܿͻǲǣ

лϰοͷʵδҲ֪ʱ
δл뱱һۺ󣬿ĽܣһЦСŴȻ鴫

лϵĴĽȫȻϣ΢΢ס

ạ̊́Һ͵ĹСĪҪǧҲŹ㡣
лǲң뱱Ҳĺ󳾣ҲˣĽ䲻ʶȴΪ˵˼䡣
Ȼ֪ĽܿвҪĲǵһ仰ϾСһԼȳ׷Ӧʳԡ

ĽüûнӻˣΣҪ˭ָֻţҲҪ˭ŵ

ԣӵָսƺҲĽܵĻػȻδȵĽܿڣнһ˿˵ʧ

ЦԲϽ㣬ǶúõģĪҪģȥ˱߳ɢɢľͺãʢ

лһ۱㿴Цǿû뵽ⳡ޹ϵУȻѾ·   

һ뵽ôǿƣҦ֪˺³ϣٿһ

ĽܣȻƣҪĽܸһŵĽܣСչ˺ðģ𣿡

ĽܲߴԶأ׿űɫҵˣԻչˡ

ϱ㣬ʱˣǸˡýͽˣֻл˵ˣҪˡ

лһбƳȥ˲죬ڨڨֵû°û£˵˵ãȡ˵һ

лɿ֣лչ˺õһ

˵꣬лػתǰߣ̫ܿ죬ûпҪ֡

Ҳ⣬תżˣˣǶȥɣܣǵ˵ġ
䣬

ݣ
̴Ҳ
һɳ죬ɢٵѾûӰ

̲סڱͷ͵͵ᣬС

߰ɡĽܵ
̧ۿʾڿޡĽƳһֶ֣˵

ĪҪˣĽҲҪظл˱Ľ֮ĵۣڡ

ֻ̧ͷӲۣתߵлߣͷվţûнٺлѾ뿪ʢʵ

Ҳ̧ߵĽߣδվ㱻ĽǣסˣĵԼָӣЩ㵵ؿĽܡ

ˣʹŷȻظˣͷ¹ظǡĽܵ

ü΢ĽܵĻЩӣ˵ǵ⣬ѵˣ

лЦһһᣬȴǶԱ˵㲻֪ջһţпգø㡣

ȻҲĽܶĵ⣬ԭֻ뽫Ž֣øȴȻ⡣

ĽԣȻһ䣬۷׹ⶢлǳˣŵò

лһְѰ֮ˣ˿壬̧۱㶢˻ȥ

纮佣˲һֱ   ֶ˲Ծ̧ͷҿ˿Ľܺлؿ

̾Ҳ֪ǺζԹôͺȻϾĽһֱδ֣ؿ˿ġ

Ľӽһ˲лӣ۱սЩ

лˣҡ

л䲻⣬ϳʱɡ

ڣĽܱ˻شֻø͵˽Сá

л״Ҳٶԣֻ˵һ䣺á

һΪ˱ЭӸĽջ𣬵Ϊ˲ڱǰʧӣĽҧˣиǡ

˵꣬ǣűˣ˼ַЩűĲӡ

лһǵӰһͷִ

ֿлűԶȥӰ뵽ŵľٶʣ磬ǲǻ԰˼

лһ˲ҡͷκﲻ棬ǸĹȢ֮ңѼˣȻϣúá

Ľܷŵľٶֻ֪κ׵£СĽܣΪζһƽˣ˵⣬ûǰ١

СĽڲ࣬Ҷ檳谮мӡл֮ԻѡĽܽ棬Ҳ̽һ±еķ
ᡣ

Ľɿ˱֣Լһ࣬Ŀ񣬳ɢŲõϢ⣬޺

㵨ӴЩգ۵ضĽܿ˳л

ŶԲԸ˴˽е⣬ǸԵĹְ˵ûнӴĻᣬΪλ˴˿˳ۣ˷ѽ⡣

ʱǼ⣬ȻĽ˫ۣΪԼ͵ˣһʱĻűŵЩڨڨЦԡ

л𣿡ĽٿȻһ䡣

⻰žͺΣգ뵽˵ʱΣҡҡͷǺ죬ֻǼѡ

ĽֳĬˣ۾±ϡ
룬̽ʣСй𣿡

ûСĽܱ۵

ûйڣѵһɽݶԵʣΪˣӦϧǣ   ˡ

Ҳδ˵һֱ˽ĽܻһҺԾֱȥ鷿

һ죬ôˣ
룬æ׷ȥ

ľΪǱĽܣЩ޴ؿ
գǣ

ҡͷĽܽԶȥӰЩε̾Ҳ֪СôˣҲûǵѽϲŭء

߰ɣԺóЩСԵģһȥСͲˣԽúã岻һˡ





36.  ʮ   ｿ̵Цţ׽

߽ǰԺ, ԶԶ㿴ӽĽܣˮ, һӰҡΣ˲Ҷѩ, ŵ˺󼸲

˲ԶܣǼ˾ǣĽܲע, ŲϣС˵, Сʱͣ

ƽ˼Ҫ, ѹ˵б, ҡͷ֪ӽ, Ƿô˵

ҼҹСȥţܲ, Сͣ

ܿĽܣϢҡͷɲҹ, 뻹СҪ˺һԼ, Ҳɣ뺦ҡ

Ĭ˻ķһۣȻɤӣܸ, Ͱ˼ңò

ܱ˵Ūһ߸ߣˣ·˹һ󺰵㣬ú˵Ұӳȥ

£Ľע⵽ߵĶ˽ߵʯǰֽ£е˱ˮȡ

յĿĴɣǵؿһܣǰСҼҹȥš

ĽŲ豭սѾ˼£˿̣Ÿ̶ط²豭Ƴա

ѣ

ձһŵ˲ͷٿĽܡ

ĽܼˣջߣҲ˵ת뿪պܻһۣæȥ

ɫ磬ԸŰԺˮСѾ˲ˣԾ£ֻ౱һаôĽܸˡ

ĽܺȻͲ   ûΪΣйأңΪ˱ģΪӣǽҲǱҪġ

Сذƣ˷ȥ˽ľơϸһ룬Լ޽˽һͬôЩΪǨδơ

գӣȼȻûԲƣòг⣬ϾĽƣԼҪ裬ƺ̫ʡ

˵ƣ˴յƣҲڹϳһƣֻһСڣʱϲҲǲȥ

ĽԶԶͿˮһϮµıһǰߣһ룬Ǻ⣿

΢΢ŲתѾһ筺ѵĽܣݸһЦСˣ

Ľü棬뿴Ҫˣʲô

أùĽǰľƱ˰·ŵǰԼС뱭ŷ¾ƺ۽ʾĽܾٱ

С롣

Ľܿ𣬹У¾Ʊ

ȻǾƣ

ᱸ˾ʱҲ˾Ʊ۾ë

ƣĽУһƸ۵ζҲҪһǰ뱭ơ

Ľ˰յɶˣǲɵѹָɫҲµ˱Ҫϲ

ڱƱݵ֮ǰסֹ

ƣĽʡ

һסۿĽܿ㶵ؿòŵֻһ㣬ӦûǿԵġ

Ľԣ֣Ʊڴߣһ

˲䣬Сһ𣬵Ϊ˱̬ûгֻںϸϸƷζʱ϶࣬ȻЩ

ȥ㣬ȻЩúȡҪ˵ʹֻȲϽľƣҲΪֻ   һƣδζ

պǿϸƷһ㣬̧ۺĽܻעȻЦƣ

һ仯ĽȫȻȫܣܣȻ˵ƲĽ⣬ﻹǸ˵ģպ˻ᣬһͬˡ

Ȼ˵Ծ񫣬շ¾Ʊһ룬վƵģΪҪأ

˾ƺĽܺԼԵС룡
δĽкζѾԼ˱һĶ

Ľܼ״Ҫ

ŷӦĽƣϲôԼڨڨ¾Ʊ䣬ͷá

ѾߺҹΪƣĽܳʡ

ȻͷЩأſסĽܵĻҡͷ³ˣ㿪ġ

Ľܵû뵽ֱԣһ˲ż˵ţȻأ˽ľƣȣ;ҲˣˣΪ

ѾҲûĽ˵ʲôֻϵͷ㿪ġ

⻰ȻԣĽܴѾµǺˣһᴥһ±һ㷢ȡ

ˡ

Ҫ֣˫סȫһûšֻ죺СĪҪˣԽ

Ľ֪ܲΪҪԼԽᲢۣʱˡȻˣһӴ

ɵģҪǿԼơ

Ƶ࣬ŽڻҪԺȻе˲ϡ

۾ǰϤüۣˣСôᱧأ
һˣԼ
ֻǣķҪһأһء

ĽΪȻ   ˣҪڣôʪһ˲
һ˲ĽܻãͷǶ仨ȻʢǶ仨˿ｿ̵Цš

룬ͷס˱硣

գû뵽еĽܻû⣬˫޴קĽܵӣ۾

һˮܵˮ˲ƣˮ׵˳³ˮ

Ľ۵ɫŨᱧ𣬽ǲŷ磬ܿԺ߽ҡ

ѾǼ״ԾͷľգΪСҹҪԲˡ

ĽܽϣͷҲ۾˷ϣһסϣ⿪˱£ȥ

ϴαˮ۾ãȴʦֻͨ˼£ɹ¡

ϽȾ˴ɫϼѱĽܰ˸ɾѾ

ӣﴫţù빬

ͻȻܼΪͻأҵĴɫ˲ˣĽҲͣ˶ɳƣ֪ˡ

Ѿ˵֮ǰΪξ͵ʱܵ㽫ʳ״ˣҲѹ

Ľţ˴Ȼǳ˼£ٵˡ

ĽĬ˻齣ù콫ʵס˴ɫɢҵ½ֿ˱һۣת߳ҡ





37.  ʮ   Ľ˺

ĺ빬, ĽܲУŴڴغ, ΪƵƣһ·ǰԪ

һɫ, ŵƵ̶Ӽ¡ԭֺ䣬ǲҳֻƵ, ±Ǩŭ

Ԫڵƻͨҡҷӡڴϡͨһ, Ľܽȥ

Ľһ, ̧۱ɿһ»ʺ, ε㡣ŵۺƣȻˡ

Ľ, μϡʺĽ   

ˣ, εֱָ

Ľлδεۼڣ»ʺ, ε۸ϣδӸˣѰ, Ҫ֣ˡ

̧ۿ»ʺҲãص, ޽ЪںԪ

»ߺεЦ˵ȥʱСѾ˯ˣɫŽô˯磿

Ľܷ·ûĴȤֻɫĵ˯硣

εǳ鴤ԭ˵֮ǰһ¾ϵĽʵڲϵҲֻЦ⣬ӣڰϣ

ţҴ̴׾Ѳһ̫࣬ӳƳռȨ޽ջʣԶ˵˽⣬˭յλ֮ˣ

뱱֮£ĽɫȻ˼Ϊ壬Һ䣬Ϊ𣬶ھмţΣ˽ɹ˿أʵ˲ɶõĽš

Ľ˵˽ʱεɫشĽһۣδ뵽Ľܾй˸ߵĳޡ

ʵĽҲֻʵʵ˵ε壬һһвڡĽܺĹϵֻòȡԷ׼Ĳݡ

˵̫ӳƳֻ¼λҲᱻıȨλʣΪ̴׾ҳ뱱ҺԼػ٣Σӡ

εԣĬãŻڣܣȻȥɣ糯޻Ⱥ£֮ᡣ

Ľǣ߳Ԫ

-

Ľߺ󣬱סȫͷҲı죬һᵽĽϵζ̴ζ

͸ĽܵĶǸɰװŵҲ̴ĩֻϧδ
˿̣ʶȻˣͷ ǻüͻͻͣ˿̵ľҲǾþƽ

Ϊյ̾ϢһôͻΪأ

˾ƣСɫɲͣܰѳסֻСôҲȻǾˮǵûպĪҪմΪá

Ҫһ£ոССôͬޣûгľٶ˷ҲΪ

ţκһôͺͿһʱ

ЩȻ뵽СûƿҪܹ֮һ̣ǲҲķޣ

ֱģڱ򣬶ϸ֪ǱȵģԼߵġ

Ҳ֪ξ˯ˡգȻѣ߻һûĽܵӰ֪ҹûڴ˴

ľգ

ĻŽ̫ϲҪǿװЦֻ۲˼ۣȻ

ҹСûлԺ𣿡ʡ

汱µĶͣľľ򴽣ͷϸֲˡ

ҹŹСҪ£Ҳ֪﾿ʲôƫҪСǻ빬һһ̶ɡ

ҹòһأЧͲôһ㣬һж׷ˡСҹ鷿⻹Ǵ˵һûͬ

Сǻ볳˹ȥ鷿˯£ĪҪϡľ

Цһ鷿ôͰɵѾͷټĽСںδںδ

ĵر۾   СҪҹ£ҪѰ˵طȥ

ţҴȥߣ˽յСϢͨˣ˳巻һϴεĻˡ

ˣȴǣֻҪ˸ٻЩӦǿԴС³Ǹյ

Ȼֻ֪ܶһʱǲĽ档

ľȴΪģҪʱ뽫ҲǾ񣬴һֱҪңǶỤŵơ

Ҳ͵Ľ³󣬼ϻصԺȴûм˵Ӱ

أ

㲻ȥ֣˵Ҫȥ巻һۣҪЩʱŻСҪԺȷ𣿡

Ľ룬ҡͷȥ鷿˻ظˣѰҡ

㸣񣬵ǡ

-

ѵóһΣȻϷʨŴιĺ棬㳵һλˡ

ԭ㳵˵ľ

ľűֱĸ۵ĳײˡ
ǽųĻҲǸ˾裬ԱϴˮĽܲ߰˰øɳ档

ôȻƵģǱǰЩˡҲǸˡ

һ֣Ҳ࣬㳵ȥת߽˽巻巻

Ҳ֪ԭǽˣ巻ҲǽӣѹֽöѷӣΪĽ

Ŀ巻¡ս𡣹ȻѾͷӺͳ£Ҳйͷ飬Ҫһ   ȹ

һ̤룬ϳȥ˺ԺѰӣľ⿴˿

ĽˣҲӣһŮ

תһλĹλЦݣֹׯ뱱໥ס

ѾϱżƥӣӦѾѡˣҪ뿪

ĽˣλСķˣλʡ
ĽˣͷֳűĽˣǲܹ⡣

֮Ů⣬뼾һҲʢŮпΪ䷶֮ˣжš

Ľ˺ܵСϲ⻰Դף˵ڣȴûаֶ⣬ֻǴĽ

֪⻰ӺζȴϴĽˮСˮ˾ȳǵ¾˽ҽǰɫܲǽķĽϡ

뿪ˣСûǰ˼ΪŮӣֺγĽķأ

ͷ˵巻һӣƸʣĽҲ

ˣӳæ

Ҿ£巻ߣҡ

ǳЦϴѡĻѾЩӣϲʣЩں¥ţ˿Ҫȥƣ

ܣҾͲȥˣĪҪǣȥæ⿴ͺá

Ӽ״Ҳǿȴû뿪ΪѡЩӣñ˳ԽЩӴؽ

ͲҲŲµˣ巻ԭǽӣǽƵ   ӣҲǱѡġ

ԭĽѡĻǾƽˣҺиˡ

ͷλߡ

ĿżͲ뿪ҪתһλͷŰɫĻĹǳֱ

ľշӦǱ첽ߵ˱ߡֻĻĽˣһСĺӡ




38.  ʮ   Сİţá

, ҳԣ⻰ɲ˵ȷӦܿ첵˻ȥ

Ůͻһ仰, ȷʵŵ˱һ˲ѹ, ˵Ľܵ˽⣬¡

λúܽ, ӯӯһգȫȻеģ, Щżλ㳵ˡ

˵ʲôմ󾪵

Щ, һѡӵĹͷͣ¶, ߿˹æס, ٶ˴

Щ˺͹ת󣬱, ѹʣ£

ŮԼĪǵ˵ͷ֮Ļ»ζ˼¡

, ȥ¥˵Ǵ١

ףҲá

룬Ҳ԰, ǰͷΪǴ·

ں棬ǰŮӼ״Ҳȥԭ뱱ľ, ŲŲ
һֱλŮӣԷȻԱ

ӽ˴¥ߵ¥ϣƿһţǽȥ˵¡

ϣǰŮӣ͵ӣλ֮ͥºȻĽ

ʱûˣҲһðУӽ̫˭ܴͷֵ   ǰ

棬ҲûҪ̸ĳ⣬ֺŻӣ˴ʱ䣿

ŮԼĪ£ܿժĻ飬¶һųòӣΪûм

ڴˣǣλǴ¥覣ҲǷŵ㳵ˣһֺá

覡ͨһڵأǳűߵףŹֵ覣ˣʧ񣬾˷ˣˡ

һñɫǰأ˼ֺøС

˼£ҡū澲δУСҲֻǰһ棬ūңռˡ覵

ԭգҲڻϺӷŻƣǡ뱱ǲԶʱȫĿ˱ˮĽܽȷݡ

Һ£˵С£ʡ

ǿͷū󽫾ӻ

ʾ˵

ūǴ¥ˣڷУǼһūʵͶ·ˣֻ˱ӻ˵Ĵ£ūһᱨ𡣡

ԣûбжֻ֣ﲻ˵˵˺ѣҺСﲻæҲ˵Щлǡ

̧ͷԥ鸮Ҧ֪ؽū澣ūΪ檡

û뵽л϶ˣҦ֪֣Ȼǹ檵£һʹ죬̸ȥ

ȴǲ⣬¥Ĺﱻ鸮ӭţ檣ҲͶ·ɻλ㡭Ź檣Ӧø˲Ŷ𣿡

ҡͷҧ³ʵ飺ūҦ֪ͬĸã檡

ʲ   ôվľæһѣĪҪզզȷʵǵԤ롣

ūĸԭ鸮ѾߣƵҦǿҪӣúֻУԭ͵͵ȴ߸µʱ򣬱Ҧ˷ˣֽų˺ӡ

ǰ֪Ҧ˼̱δԭѾ͸ĳ߸³ӣȻǴҪһʬ

ĸױ˾Ѿӣūвʮ꣬ȥˣū澴ΨһԸҪǶѪծѪ˵˴ʱ۽䣬滨ꡣ

˺¥һջѾͷۿʱ죬ҪϸΪĸ˭Ҧ֪Ǹ֮ˡ

ŵ㳵㣿ʡ
Զһ£ͷЦū澡
ҪҦ檣¥ʮķ档

⼸գ֪̫ȻǽҦ֮ǣѾȥл³ıؾ·϶δ㱻С˺ˡ

㳵ϣԶԶǸ˲䣬Ȼ뵽Ѱ󽫾ӻͬʱҲ뵽˱ķӡ

ΰ㣿䣬ڼ˲߾裬ſȥ

ߵߵ

ҡĽܵ

Ľڸеãδ˱һŮס巻Ժǲ룬ѰĽܡ

Ľһæ巻ֱӴӺһ࣬ǽ룬ǡþӣ˸¥ϡ

Ľܣľǰš
۱ǱϣϹһλŮӣӦþ˵Ůӡ

ôˣ
Ľߵߣ£Ѱ㡣

û뵽ĽܻһȣҲ   ˵ջ߼覡

Ľ˳Ŀ⣬Ҳڵϵ覣ڵ˵˵ô£

ū覣Сߵ

Ľüֺٿʶ٣

覵ͷٹҲǼ֮Եٹӿõúáֽͬ˵һĽ

Ľ꣬һ뱱һģһĻΰ㣿仰˵ΪҪ㣿

覿ľգɫԥ״˵񣬶˻ȥ

ū빬覺ȻᶨūŻ϶СʼнģСȻеĶҲסС˲ԣū빬ˡ

⻰ñһҲµʶĿǰĽͲˣû뵽ѽ֣ȻһҰġ

Ȼ˵ҪΪΣ빬˳裬ҦҪͷˡ

ĽܾĬ˻Ȼ㶼˵ˣĽеĶҲԸ㣬ҽҪڻʹˡ

ԣһʧ䡣

ҿԹŮݣܷʥ裬ߵλãԼ컯Ҫס̤źҽ޹ϵ

Ľ֮ԻԸ빬ΪߣԼ̫Į⣬Ҳǿϡ

˺þãŻع񣬳Ľܺͱͷͷ˴

ȻСҪӹϢ˷ǱϣպлᣬҪӿȪ౨

ȥɣ֮󣬻ȥӦ㡣Ľܵ

Ļű   Ľϥ󣬻ߵſڡƿ˳ȥתҪźʱ͸ŷ쿴СؿˣǰɫոոʱȫȻͬ

ֻ֮ʣ±ĽܣĽһۣͷϵӣͬˡ

Ľһֱűûע⵽ϵĶЦҷŵİţ𣿡

ԣ̧ͷĽЦȻСԽЩһ£͡

̲סҪĽܵͷԽһ˵Сİţá

Ȼ˵ˣûĽ⣬ǵЦŨңˣǻظ





39.  ʮ£һ   ҪǾ仰

Ľܺͱ巻ʱ, ɫ磬ʱҲû㲢ϡ

Ŀ, ߺڶǽ»ϳĽС, ͵͵б⣬ЩӽϴЩСթһ

ƿ, ᣬ, ˷, ɱͬ, ü

ߺȵСȻҪĽܺͱע, ֲҶǽ£ֻĴƳ, ˡ

Ľûˣͣ½Ų, ʣɻҪЩʲô

Ľܵ, ̧ۿ۾ﻹЩµġ

ľյЦȲҪѱȴְĽܶǰ
һ²ؼ߸߹ģ, ɢظ

Ľܴ˱ȻЦһԱߣǳŴ˵ķ򣬱ֻĲӡ

Ļ̌һᣬǲ͸⣬Щʯʯᱻ

СЦϸһƣϵȺûƭˡ

أĽʡ

ӹȻʶСϵȵϸĥɣС˲   ҪӸСӼɡ

ĽܴûЩΪѰѪ׹Ǳ˿ڱҪӡȻȻǰҲδ͵õˣǸ׹ɱضˣ̫ˡ

תͷʱΣͿһԥﻹݵضϵᣬüʣ㲻ϲ𣿡

һ۱㿴ĽеǴƶɣνᶨȻҲǼٵģĽܺЩ֣һʱҲ֪òøࡣ

ңʵкüأʱǺȱ

Ľܵͷһܣˡһᣬһּǣűǰˡ

ԶССС᲻Ƴɵģ߽覴ù࣬ҲãҪӣҿһõġ

ҲãҾлˡֻǣҲ޻֮ˣ͸ˣ밢ϸܡĽܽڱġ

ٵᣬ۾֪ôػҲֻսڣãһᱣܺõġ

ĽܼЩãȻ̾һһӣᣬҪǾ仰ҪǾ仰⡣

һߺʱ˵Ļһ䡰ͬģüС˵仰

̧ۿĽܣҪȷв룬ͼĽܶȻһЦһЦñӾ磬Ӳ֪롣

ӷų巻ʼЩĽܲû˵ҹ֮£Ȼǣ֡

һ·ں˼룬룬ĪС£Ƶ˺

ãںˣȻôСתĨǵظ˵Ƿ»أ

һܣҹҲֻǡ˵ҹȻκ˺ƺ£ҹˣǲҲԼװ¡

ֻ֣ƼȻ£Ϊμǵǰء
ϢʪȵıΪĴ   ӡ

ôˣĽע⵽Щ죬ˣұظ

Ľ˵žҪ֣ŵæ̧ץס첲ߺյСû¡

ͥڵģıһ·Ľܱ˽ⷻ䣬֪Ҫ˼Ĵء

ѳһֻҪˣŪãԹҪСŮɫˡ

Ľܵͷűֽץסĸ첲һַֻ棬࣬ãġ

Ľܣ֮ǰһźܴͬ˵ֻµСǿЩظɡ

룬Ľ˼һ·Ȼ֪ĽҹǸźţѾԸԼ
ԣĽΪҹˮɣδɣҲټ

Ľ룬ΪϴԺʱľոպźԡʪɫ˳ȥ

ĽۣԹڴ齱ߣһϥһⴹ䣬һģű۴һŹƻ󣺡ðɣ

۵һе֬еױ̨ϣĽܻ֮⣬ԣˡ

ָս˵ĽԲӦҪӦģҲӦɲ֪Ϊʲôһ̣Щġ

Уһ̰ʱӵλĽĹĽķޣ

аãСҽ岻ʣЩ˯ˡ

˵䣬һֱĽܣ俴ĽܵɫҲµõʱȻãҪڽһȴ֪Ӻ˵ֻüڲԡ

Ľһ˲齩ӲͷضıӰСǵãչá
岻ʣĽسŪһЦ˵ײǾܾ˵ǣԣ뿴ģôġ

á

ĽܴӦƿӣ˽ȥ˫ͷ£۾ֹãŵ߹ȥ   齣Ľߡ

˽û˯⣬ͬҲദãȴʮΡԥҪҪ˵ֺõĻϤ

Ľ齣ȡ¹ϵۣȻ۾ȴ۽޲ı

ջһδҪȥ鷿һˣҹͲˣЩ˯¡԰գתȥ

۾Ľܴ뿪ıӰҪԼƳȥģôҲڡ

Ľߺ󣬱˼Ľദ֣ӳɻ飬ٵ

һϲɫΪļ˴㣬ֻΪ½ˮʱ˰Σ

Ϊ˸𣿶ȻǰҲʯɣô᲻أ
ΪЩȻҲϡ

̰ˣΪ̫ˣڴĸˣҪҲˡ

ĽܺȻľҪӭǰ۵׼޾ɫغһƳŵòǰֻø񣺡Сߡ

ĿĽܳԺղŽңҲûгǽȥ֪ˡ

ľǿҪȥյʡ

ǳʱСһˣô̲ҲûʲôֵĶСأ

ľҡͷǽȥỽǣҪԼ

֮գЩЦãҪԭǸϵλҲ֪ôˣͿʼ໥Ͼ˭Ҳͷ

СȥԺҲȥŲʣͳǣ˭ҷ޲Ǵͷܴβͣλôôأ

嶼鷿ԺˣȰĽܵͷȰϧ͵סӣȰ㶯

崵ۣ˵ŲٴˣʵʻҪС

⼸գĽ˳ȥܴӪţҹĺʱֲŻԱž˵һͨЩ£ǣ

ĽֻţþܴӪͳ죬±Ͷ÷Ų£һתշϸϸɡ





4   0.  ʮ   ٣ʧ١

, ں˶Ŀһ԰

ľձȥκͶѾͷǸˣϾԵĵﶼκ, Ҳòˣպóô˻һˡ

ͷ棬ûпĽܽȻǿ, ȴĽһŵֹס

Ļ̌ʾȥԥصͷ˱һ, ǻ˳ȥ
Ľܱλãվڱࡣ

Ƕ, ֻܿĲ, ǻĶ, Ҫȥǻûкͺ, ֳָ֣Ϸɿ첦

һ
, ⱾҪһȻֵ˲ֺЩ

̧, Ľܵ򢣬ҲײС
Сôˣ

ԴϴܾĽ֮ѾЩ첻Ժ, ⼸ӸտʼĹߣӦ
ĽܵͳԤ룬ҲӦԼ, ȴǲͷ
ȻĽܣͷһ¶ŷЩοԼЩ׷ˡ

ĽܼѾˣҲվţתһϣ⴦

˺þҲػҪͷʱĽܵһ仰ʼص˲ϣ˲Ⱦһźī

Ҫȥˡ

˲Ū۵˲ᣬ̧۽Ľܵ۾Щ̫ţ˼٣Ϊʲô

Ľܻˡ

ӳˣôˣ£漴üӼСãȥֵ£Ҳţôأ

ʳڲžòʣ¹ڳʡ

ĽܵǶûҲںֻ֪ͳЩ٣ʧˡ

´󾪣뵽ֿܣһǼȻټһˡ

ںһ֣Ͼȫ»ʢôðųն   ̰ͼӡ
Ҳ˵ڽΣգһ뵽Ѿڽϳ£ĽܻҪȥϣͻ̻̲

ȻǻϽĽܣҪЩ

·ϱ٣ǵ˽ϲű֮˿䣿أȥ˻Σ𣿡

Ľԭ£һֱһΪģ¡
һ׳⣬͸ŨŨĹģȻ;ࡣ

Щ㲻õģ֪ģҶˣλҪȥ˽ϲܲ塣

Ѳ飬ڰɽϵķկˣղ󳼼
Ƕ෬ɱկδֻ鳯͢ԮĿǰղ󳼼δ

ûеԽԽڴǷӿ롣
εŭּĽܴǰӪȼ׽˷կѰ

εۼλмɵ䲢δɱӣкյ£ûͷѹ

Ǽȷ˹εҲ飬Ľܣկˣһ

ĽͷӦˣжᡣ鲻̫Ծӳ͢ʧԣ̫˳ˣͺ֪ʧһ

Ǹ˵һҺһҪˣ£꣬Ҷڽϣһˣ£ҡ

һȥ³εںԪʱһ䣬ֻܷͷ

ʱε˵ʺ˵κվտʦ»۾ʦֽһ֪Σ

һ½ȣĽյҪ̡

εȴǹҪбȻǰи޾ֻʢ
ȻĽϸˣо̣űʵ̫㣬ԭҲ뷨
Ǳεһ˵١

ⶼֻǺ󻰣Ľ   ػ죬⻼УΣһˣҪȥ

Ľ»Ҫߣ±ʣæȥסѡī˲ϣһĿһƬ׻ˡ

ĽܡһʱżֱӺ֡

ĽܶסŲͷҲ˵ֻȱ˵

ץ½ǣԥڣС°ɡ
ҪˣһȥգѲ⣬ȥ˽ϻҪΪ·ģҪͽ⡣

Ľ򴽣ò˵ȷʵҪ뱱ͽ⡣
ԭΪʱ仹Ҫȥϣʱˣһ㶯Ķˡ

á

Ӧˣڷ£̧֣ͷĽת¡

߻ذǰ۵ֽϵıʺͱīȾڵĿϸ˱ʣڼϡ

㣬

̧ۿĽҲڲĿǴīţĬһ˲͵бõ˲ᣬһ³һݾͺá

СѾ߽īţҲûгѯʣֻСѾ߽īֽ˲ᶼȥ

Ҳ˹Ľߵϣ̲סҪʼ䣬ȥ鼾Ӻ𣿡

Ľҡͷկ¼Ҫ˵һҪ̣¸ӵˡ
תһ룬Ľܺ񱾾ǽô˴̣ˡ

Ľܿűһüͷһֺ˵ͨԼЦһҪΪҵģǲڸţȥסš

ͷ

˵˼䣬˵˵žǲǰڽϾ·⼸ĸҶˣָֻ֮ǰĴദ

ˣǻʺҲʲô£㲻Ҫ£ֻȥСĽе

εۼȻѾǰ˵ˣ»ʺб¶ȻʩС
ʹ֮У̽ڶ࣬   ĽҰ汱ȥױ¶¡
ΪȷȫĽѾ˿Ҫ֮ǰȥһܹܳ½

䲻֪ĽΪƶʺ빬صͷ

û͹˳УҲ֪ҪʰҪΪĽʰѺͳ֮ֻһͱĽקס֡

ȥĶĽʡ

ȥʰЩҪĶ
ãҺղߣղڸվҺú𣿡Ľܵͣñ뵽ͼãﶨȻܡ

룬ټ֣£ĽҲûɿ֣˾ôǣţ˭Ҳû˵ȴˡ

⼸գյܡ

ҹ䣬Ľ籱ԸҲԺֻ˱࣬ûпҲû

ΪĽ£Ӧܶ˼ֱӵãûеȵĽܵһ

ѵСû˼
ǲҪЩԥҪҪĽܣɵΪŮӣЩ

ֹãҵУʮֺΪʲôûѧһЩ̸ǱͼеĶҲͲ޴ˡ

װ˸ĽܽЩȻִڱ࣬ûнһȻܵԼֱ۱˱ӡ

ҧĽϣûٱֻǺߵȫˡ

ȻûôԼջˣ˭֪Ҫʱһֻסˡ

˯𣿡

۾Ӱ죬˹ȥ





41.  ʮ   һ

תۼʮ, ѽڡ
ǰûӣÿգøϵһաʢ, ɻؼԲǹ⣬ɳûϹ䡣

, һ¡
ͬ⣬ǿԵ˷Ԥ֧Ǯ, ԸЩõĳʳ͸ǡ

뿪, ǰ,    , Ҳؼҿɣ

, ıīӿ֣˴, ̧ǿЦˣ޼ҡ
ֻһ˲ǲ׽, ĬŲ˵

ˣū빬ľջؼҰɡ

Ľ֮ǰ, ˵»ʺٱ빬ϡߺգﲢδּ⣬, ĽԲ˵С֪ᴫֻˣӦԷһ

ԭκκ˺뽪ڣ˭֪һ繬ּ⣬
ֻ÷˻κĴ㣬˹װ׼빬

ձϾСȻ˹ѽڣ⻰Ϊϲؿ
ľ룬ǵūǰЩѾžˣһˣֻչ˲ū£ջؼҡ
ū£ľտ˿ľǰ

ݸŶ໥ǫãʾĪҪ˵ЦˣǶȥú˴Ҹ˵һЩٻȥǡ
ľջԡ
֣װãȥɣĪҵĻǶˣ
ľ֪ŻǣҲӦˣ㸣л㡣
㸧οǣǰĻȥһչ˺÷˵ġ

ľߺ󣬱㣬㣬Ѵ˵˵Ҳܰæ

û뵽յô죬Ǳ˲ˣ˻һʪȡ
лˣֻʢûˣҲûѴڽ£ūѾˡ

⻰֪Ҳٶʣֻ   ЩС֪

ڸм£Ȼ뽫˵Ĳͬ˶𾴣СѾǸǳһ㡱̫һͨѾߡ

ƽ⣬ʱվһ಻˵˲ϸͻ㣬ûҪСע뷨

ɣദЩӣֻĲ˶׽Ҳˣľվţܺܿ븮˽á

˵ףҲøлǣлľյչˡ

ˣ˼룬ֻһˣҲ֪ˣ鼬

գյĽߣȴĽ߷ѵҪתԶ

ĽȴȦס˵һ㽻ң𣿡

ʧ䵽ϲһ˲Լȫסˣǵ
룬ǴӦôǰأ

-

һ빬ţ԰
ֵֻǣһ··Լһ

ˣһ˻ʺҪԣԶʧ
ҲҪͷһʱĸ£ʺʹ֮ҪСضѰ


Ҫǵã˷빬˳Ҫġ

Щ˲룬ȻСǰ˰ţҲûж̣˲׳¡

̵ĻУ֪˻ʺ󲢷һˡȻһ԰㿴Ϥס

֣һͿ첽Ų˹⣬м⡢½ȻҶ裬⻹Щˣһ˷٣ҲǼ˲á

ԭ̸ЦĹͷˣһ˲䣬ͣ˶ͻ Цʾ⡣

Щϵóģ׻һЩʶģߵ˭Сˣ֮ɫ

ŮתһȦҶر½Ȼȴûĺ⡣

½ȻһվԶԼĪǴŵĹϵԭ½ȻõĹǶԶҶ裬˽ѵҲٿ

ϴ½Ȼֽһ¼Ǻͷϣֻ½Ȼ˷ֻҪϸЩĵ

㿴½Ȼǰĺ⣬뱱Щ

ˣѾߣ⼷㣬ȵ֪ҪѾá

Σֻ˺Щ

ǣߵɽһǣʣҺЩӲѰ㣬ˣ

ЩЦãΪִʲôҪ£˭֪䡣
˵Щ治֪æЩʲô

ˡͷһղǰ

⣬ѹЦŷӦڶʱðκȻСպѣɫѣߣˣ岻õ֡

Ľߺ󣬱ѾЩû㿪Цˣǹ⻹⣬ࡣ

ּûͷƲߣ㶨ȻһֻСˡ

һ˵е飬æֵӣѧյӣҡεҴˣԭҺòã

Լ̬ʱ֪ȴù˵һıæˣˣȣҷŹˡ

һתСɴϢˣˣ
֪ٽãһ˻ȴʧ˺ѣϣƽĽܾ͸˵ˣȻҲҪƽ

ԣɫƽ ҡͷδ

ְοû°⻹һ£ָϢ·ˣ㲻ҪģܻģСһƽ¡

ҲֻڴһҪƽĬĬת˻ͷæЩʲôأ

ĴܱߣЩͣûû°ҾͻѧأڹؿɺˣָҾͱΪһĵ䷶ˡ

۴ţȻҲ˵ô

ȻְͲţܲȱʣҹЩٸòã

δڣϸ

ʺݵ
ﵽ

ֻôӼɽ߳Ů񣺡μӻʺ򸣽𰲡
»ʺ󣺡ɡ
Ů»ʺͦһַţһڹŮ£߽ͤ¡
ʺģŮҲµӦУ׷ͶȥĽ

Ů빬ĺ࣬ܵʥĲ»ʺ󣬲Ǻ֮ˣʥա
ϥֻгǳйʺУӣ̫ӵ¡

ƾĸĸƾӹ
»ʺλã˺

߽ͤӣ»ʺʾԱߡ
»ʺѽڣҲδЩˣǡ԰ī⼸տˣ˴빬ͬ͡

Ůлʺʹ͡
»ʺǳЦձؼԲȴǱ˹λĪҪֱ

Ůҡ





42.  ʮһ   С

»ʺߵĴŮΪ϶, ЩСŮЩ졣

ųʳһ   תͷ, ҲˣӶв㣬ȥ԰ߡ

, ŮΪĸλ֮һǾ֣ڵķСá
ҲǼ, ֻ»ʺ˼ֶׯ󷽡
»ʺϵ, ޴ӵ֪, ͬΪ, һ, ѽܽദ

ǡŮ

⣬, λñ
ҪŮǰߣ»ʺͣˡ

⼸, ԸȤĽվտֽһ, °ɡ

ŮУܳƵĽ˵ģֻæǰ, ǡ

Ůԣ׷ͶȥĽ֮ɫźµ˲ǣܵ˻ʺʶڼڼĺ¡
û⣬ûлͷʺˡ

־ͺˣһ㣬һѣȻҪ˵Ļ
ƴ»ʺʹɫ£»ʺǿˣȴûпͥڵģҲֻø뿪

ŮӰԶվδȺ»ʺԸ

Щˣûʳȥ»ʺùŮŰĳʳˡ

˵ȤҲȷ£ŻӣεЭƽ¶ɸ
»ʺѵ⵷˼ӣȴεƼˣڶձһڰ塣

Ů˳ʳ»ʺ̧ۿűĽˣ
ԣлſߵ»ʺ£㻹ͤ⡣

ΪʲôҪ㣿»ʺʵ⣬Ͼǹĸٲˡ

վ˻˼Ľ֮ǰ˵ʺ빬ȷʵԣֻû뵽ΪΣ

»ʺûеػѾת˻ͷʵ֪㣬ڰ㶨ʱϸ㡣

κ鸮Ƽңأ̷ĸ׵ܣÿ³ʮ£ΪĸʩƿഫТ˵ö𣿡

ȻЩûп»ʺ̶̼䣬㽫ǰΪһһ丵βţǰ¡

顣

»   ЦԭҲ޸ݺʣҲʣʱҪΪС͵ڶŻ£˸ϴк¡

⣬ȻѾˣΪαͻˣջ

Ҳ²𣿡»ʺ󿴵ϵɫʵ

޶ۡ

»ʺҡͷ޶ֻۣûĵС㣬ϸ˵Сڵǰ׿ԣֻȢΪޡ

һ˲ͣˣôҲû뵽龳Сεºܣ
ûһ˿ɱ»ʺĻƾĲһ֮ĸƭǳɻĽܶ֡

л֪Ǹл»ʺ˵֪һ棬ĽܵദУֻЩˡ

»ʺȻƽлľͶԱ˺棬Ůӣ⻰侲

Ů̺ӹ»ʺͱԼͬЪŹŮǽ̰ڷźãֽӷֱڶֱߣŻ¡

ѧ㲻ˡ»ʺִӣԪ

״һӣڿֲĽλáϰߣӽǿʼϸ㣬ΪӪԵأգȻˡ

֪ձΪҪ빬»ʺ˵䣬һӡ
⻰ͷֻص˼Ƭ̣֪

һӣȻ»ʺ˵˸ΪĻ
Ҳֻ֪ǻñѰ빬Ľ˲²£ΪҪأ

һ漴أˡ֣̿Ҵʥ⡣

»ʺ˿ûʶͼʥ⣬˵壬һվŵĹŮĽ

˳¡

ĽСģ뱾ԣᴫȥ֣㣬ֻܴ˱ǡ

»ʺǳЦ糣ڱȴǱȲЦҪˡ
ǡó»ʺ䶼׻ֻʱӦ£ﶼ˺

Ľ˼Ȼ֪Ǳ㣬֪ΪҪСʢ

װɵ㶺֮ԥһ˲ܿ˾

Ů   ӣֻ֪ܼ޸С£СʢǻϲҪлʺ䡣

»ʺ֣

úһӣ˵ţǷ޶˵أ˵պ󱱵ٷСʢǻر߳أ

εûԥ˵ЦˣأСǽȻҪұ

أ»ʺ󲽲ơ

һʣȴñඥһ֣ͨĽΪ֪ʺ빬

ֻǰ֪ĽܣͲܹʢ

仰˵һ죬߳ս£Ȩ֮£ԷĽܣȴһὫʢ
Ҳ£󽫳׾Ǹھǣܸ볼㹻Ρ

󽫾һսպգ⹦ܸǡ

ʢʤ
»ʺ˵ôãҲҪ˵仰

»ʺ󹴴ǳЦĽ˹Ȼ˼һһӣް׷ѡ

ȡӵڰգźۼͣһ£

»ʺ⻰ΪޣʵȻݹȫ·֣ȫΧ֮ơ

°ãʤѶ»ʺջ֣ӹŮϵӲ˲Ľ˳á

أʴӱ

ˣձ̸ͶԵСҲڸĽ˲黳ÿһս㱾壬ƣΣ

ϥԵ

ʱЩˣСӣĽȥ԰;֮ͳ»ʺԸ

ΪСӵǰǣ̧ۣǴ빬λ̡
ΪСĽܵˣ»ʺ˰ţ̲סɻǹ⣿

ˡ

Ǹ»ʺ֣С߳ͤӣʯ԰д

Զ»ʺűӰȻĽ˵ĶԻ˵㣬ع

ǶԴŮԣǰ˵˶ֻӰ涡

Ĭһ·ûһУ¸Ǽžˡ
»ʺ;   û飬ҲҪӣһʱ䣬ܳ

СӣҳɡмʱˣŷԸСӡ

ǣˣūߡ
СӴһ⴦λŮˮʯϻδɵˮ

·ʱıӰЩϤ࿴һۣºһ

ˣæס

ˮλŮӦҲǼʱתס˱һ첲վȺ˹ŮݣϤˡ

ˣϸ¡һŮ覣Щ绪ȴò

㲢δ覣ֻͨĹŮ¸̾һ䣬ȻͬѰˮĹŮò

覶һۣ㲻ٿл

Сӵͷű£ˣˣ
ҡͷ£߰ɡ

Ҫߣֹջû˵ߡ

·覣򹬵覾ؿһֱһλŮָǰιȾôˣ㿴ʲôأ

覡Ⱦ񣬵ҷź񿴵һֻèҿˣôèأ

ˮɣһҪ·ģմʪ˻ϵЬӣҪܷġ

лл㣬Ⱦˮ




43.  ʮ   ˣ׽棩

º
ת, ⽥Ũ

£ʢǵĲݾȴٲ˲෹̸, ӹﵽ⣬ʢϡ

»ʺϲεմ, ڳԣʺӣ̷Ϊ̫, ¡

ۺζѻһڻδĹ, պ, Ҳܴһˡ
Ȼú, ʹϢǷˮ, 

ε۳һλ԰ĹŮձΪˡǻʺӲ, λնʥ裬һʱͷ

Ƿˣ˲, λȻò˻ϡͬʱҲ̲סҪΪ»ʺ, ܹǵˣγ顣

ȴǲΪȻ빬»ʺ, һЩҲ ղΪˣǻʺˡš

ʺɫ覣˿⣬ģЦӯӯ

»ʺεۣŻˣǲšÿÿͨϵǻ˶ʱ»ʺϲɫƭˡ

˵ε۶»ʺ飬Ҳǲͬε˳ػ»ʺţԻʺģ˺ҲϤͽ˷ܹ

ۺΣܹ鲻ܿ͸ģҲϷ˼ֻ빬ʱУ־ãΪˡ

˵ĴҲ١ǵ˻ʺʶƵ˵СĽܴȥϣ˳£õ͡
ز͵ģأֻϣչ

Щӣҹ£е¶뵽ģĽǰ飿
ֻԴŲɣ㲻׽ġ

һаջ۾ʦԣĽܵĺ֪ȫȻšĽΪȢΪڸһоͶ˵ͨˡ

ЩȲҪǰĽܴһУ˳ҪЩʱղŹ飬Ҫġ

㾲ģϾڹ﹬߶ÿζСӾˣҲ˵ϼ仰

ҲУõһЩ״Ϣκ˺Ҳڵģ˲ٹڽϵϢ

ˣԽˮֵ˽⣬ǱȷĴŶôһЩ

Ժ
ˮУŻ϶ˮʳ۵һֻιʳ˶գ˼֪ȥĶ

ˡľ߽ˮ鿣վϣỽѱ

񣬾ϲ

˵žͿԶԶ߹Ա߻һСȸܸɿ죬²Ȳˤּʱסһѡ

㣬㣡κԽ˹æס

κԽ˳§סӣͷ㣬Խ㡣

   ż£ȻЩǺþûб̫ϰˡ

֣ôˣʣ˵⻹ǽһ

Ц£ŻˣҪ빬¸鷳ⲻպ빬ˣŹ㡣

»ʺƵҲԻжв㣬ε۱빬

ŽɫҲϴμʱӾˣҲˡ

㣬ôԽѽ㿴ҺòãԽˣκԽȻڱֻף˵Щζ
˵볤㣬㾹Ȼûлֻί˵ע⡣

ǵ÷ЦҲ밢ԽˣȰԽ볤㻹Ҫ룬ͿԽˣ˲أ

κԽһȻˣһǷǳǳϾǸСˣЩߣﲻ˵ˡ

״ЦأڶܲסˣԴ˸ʦѧЩ׳ʵ˲٣ҲˣǸСľϴ赶ŪǹģҲ͸»С

С壬ĽѰģԴȥκûҲ֪ˡ

СΣԽɺϵ»Ҳڸѧ𣿡ʡ

ϵϵǸúӣ£Ǯ˴ֻЩԽĻѾͷĬ»ȻʹˣѧѧȭҲãøѧˡ

ͷǱá

ǰҪúлССʦѰģʦǸжģ˵Сǰӱ߳ǻġ֪ô£˵һ䡣

ҲƳˣĽʵκȻǶ԰ģֻЩ°⺢ת

   ԣһδ߹ʦҲѰģΪ˶١

Щ֪

űȻ˼ΪڵĽܣο˵ϵѾϱ˳ͥõ˻⣬λ̰Ҳץ鰸ˣǷկ»ڵҲǿˡ

񣬺Цʾ⽪û£κԽЦ

-

һǰѲԣȫͬ

ҲܣĽУһ¾ϱճҰ𾪣Ǿþ

֪ɽ֪ȡ֪ԾʣΪףп˽Ѳ趣˽޻կ뱥˽ңȫˡ

ǵļƻУҪɱ˼׮ҲկѲͷϣ͢ŭ
ֻϧˣȴ˳ɲӽ˷կѲȡ

׷ɱͬʱԺ趵飬ɱկǾ˲ֹ鱻ֵġ

֪飬ඨ֧֡
ֻҪεۺͳ͢˺ԣ˴˷կٴկһû֪֮¡

µķկȻҲٲӣʱó֣һá
ĽܵʱѲĽܺǸˣã˳ȥ˺趡

ֻĽĺ趣Բڴһ˲ŭĿԲֲҪ

˽˵شΪһ·з磬Ѿ˵˻ʧǡ
趻ԣֻĽܱǺŪĽɻ󣬵δ졣

֮ǹ·կûڰϣ԰գ飬ԭѲһգǰɽ

˭֪ҹ˴˵ʧѾõļ

ԭڱկ˺һΪŮӵ£Ѳˡ

ɽȥѲȴ;˽ϰʹ   կĽܴ
֪ͨկ˺ĽҪϵ¡

ڷկգδַկк쳣£Ժ趲˻ɣȥѲĽˣټ¡

˵ĽѲҹڣϤ֪ĽܣĽཫзһ˵뼾

˲²⣬һ󣬾ĽܴˣȥկѲѰʱȥ趡

趱װɵڼݺ󣬻ָǣ˵ļȫгŸĽܡ

Ľյźֱˣǽǣ֮£

˻뼾ˣĽ鳯͢¶ˣկ޹ء

Ȼεһּկа㳹׽Ľˣ˽ϣǰɽȥկ󵱼ҹѲ





44.  ʮ   

ճɽ, Сһۡ
һƣǵֱ, ̧࣬ȷûп󣬾һˣ, תͳ˽ȥ

ԣ׷ܵϣȻСǰ, 󻹸һ

ǰͷܽСһ·ߺû߼, ǳһͨ
Żŵ, ɺͳ, ʲôأüԸЩӶǵԼС, Ҫ߶䡣

壬СˣС, ͷЦɫʮּش

СˣˣɫһģЩ, СͷŴ, ȥԺС˹

ǡС룬δ䣬ѾܳԶǡ, 

һעǲֵͷˣ㣬ȥ߷ˣСˣѾˣ

һҲ˵СѾǾͳԺȥˡСǣһӷ˵顣Ȼָܿɫתȥš

Ժڣ޳ڴǰ޼̨Ϸŵһԣ   רעδѧȴǼģ

첽ߵߣˣСˡ

žણ

һһ귱ï֦˵ϣ̧ۿ㣬Ǿϲʣ𣿡

Цŵͷģŵū

̧ߣյԺľ׷˳ţӡ
ͣ½Ųżﻹżӣֵݸľ첽Ժ
ţһµӰʯϡЦ߽ЩﱻһλǵЦסˣ̧ҪŵĽҲ˻ׯվ

ľ˷龰Ҳ˱

λʮ꣬ͲһϮ´磬һңòοɰҲ˱ҪĽܵʱ

壬˽Ժʰܡɽ꣬ȥصԺ˭Ҳ׼ͳʳĽԸ

㣡ǹﶢĽܣһ㵣һ·糾͸꺮ůҲͰˣȻҪǸˣ

ĹĵĽܣԼĪͷԭ˳뱱кȴı⣬ݼڣѾˡ

忴¹ҲڴģƣСȥһˣ˸С˿Ǻã

пһ۱飬Ȼϲ̾Ϣǣ

Ҳƣתͽ˸ҪȥʰԺǴþûסˣҪɨһ

ɽһѾߴ磬յܵɫ͵͵һĽܡ˵仰С̫ˣϸ룬СĻ᲻ﷹأ

Ȱǽȥɡ
¹һƹĽܣ塣·ʱһۣԸߣۿͺЩӡ

תҪϣͿ˱æ񣺡ˡ

Ľԣع˱ŭɢܿһߵߣỽһˡ

 ЩܣƽǼΪ˵ģѾþˡ
Ȼһᣬ;ᣬɿĨˣǱĽܿˡ

ôˣĽ˱Ȼõʪ

Ϊڸʱ䣬˳ûԽԱܿฮʷةȵȣ۵׵ɫŨЩ

ҡͷЦû£ոߵÿ죬ɳۣС

ЯŽԺѾˮĽԡһѳϤζһЦǻˣδǣҹһˡ

ʱѾѾǰں˲ˣ͵ߣֱ˿硣

ѾʳˣĽܣСԥ˵˸λȥš

Ľͣ٣šһûз

죬λ˭ȴô˿ڡ
Ϊλ˭ĽںӦҪģĽܽڣһ仰û̲ס롣

һ룬ձû˻ᣬŻδﴫּĽܷ¿˹

һֱҹ룬ǲѾȥŵƣͷĽܻкܶ໰Ҳ໰Ҫ˵۾ȴǽˡ

ĽܻʱʣСأٻЩҪȼˣЦŽڻͷǼ⿿һ¡

Щӣ˯ǳĽܽһ˲ˡ
۾ȴܸܵĽúܽϢϯȻİġ

ûңĽܺȻʡ

ΪĽܷˣԥҪۣĽܽ˵ˡ
֪ûԡ

ȻĽͷ۽΢ѾˣŹ˵ҲҪ

ĺǾᣬҪҪװȻתѣĽű˵˯ɡ

Ľ̫ЩȻԺ˯˹ȥʶģǰЩգǸԼСҪ   ô㲻

磬ĽܺͱδѣľСѾֽЩСȻ۳ͶˣŶ˯Ҳá

ϧԺ˲֮͡

ռλ߽ǻδӦλѾԺʯϡ

ϳľվոڱѾߣʾǣ

ռûͦϲҪ˵

λ𣿡

أҡ
⻰˲Сңǹﻹأôң档

ǼҹԺӣ㲻Լ̫ˣȻ·ģû

ǹ治֪һѾߣҪʲô񣬵˻ȥ

һѾ߸ô˵ҿǼҹҲòǲǣɽꣿɽͬصͷ

Ҫ˻ȥľסˣλҼҷ˻δѣź

ûǺðɣҽȥü˼һ˲Ҫȥ

ľĸȥֱסﲻʣôˣͲ±˲

Ľ裬֣ҽվȥںȻ

ֳһţĽδѣ볳㾲˼䣬ֱĽҪųֹ

ĽĽܵú˼ͷɽ꣬ʣ㲻˵ٽ˹𣿡

ɽĬ˻ľګҵʱҹ

Ľһûҹ鲻ӦõȻͲ
Щ庰ߺ󣬶һҹġ

磬ҴˣھͻԺʡ˵ţɽܳԺ

µľǺСλĽ衱λﺰС硱ǡ

յոպСóˣ

üþû˯ˣСںĽ衱𣿡




45.  ʮ   ʾ±뿴

   Ľܵͷ, ͷ㶿

Ľܱһʵ, ǰҪ롣ô², ȻͱأҪʣ£ʲô

뻳, ĽȻܾȦ, ѹñ졣Щ, Ǹö˯

һ뷨, ˱˯˳ʱԺűĽܴĽ, £Ͻ, ĽҲʱĻ

Ȳ, ɽȥ壬ֽ󽫾纴Ļ˵

һ, ԭǷյŮС·ң˲üЦ̬˸ת, ˵ش˽

ǰźûŮûȥ˱߳ǣȻһҲá

ˣʣźʮ꣬Ҳ֪ûжףǸÿˡ

ҸʮĽء

ֻɣοɰ嵹ǲỳʮ꣬Σֻ˵һ䣬ﳤûͦ졣

ȹЩӣūȥϹ䣬ǴʢķضΡ

ððҪöණ嶼ңĽ۾һ͸ϵС˸ֺóԵģϧǰͷǸĵĲͣҲֻܿ

Ȼ򡣡Цӯӯ
лл壬ڱ߳ʱ˵ˣȻˡ

Ҳ֪ĽСˣһһСӺϵⲻһʱѾˡ

תСǰѰպܡ

ƼĽ裬뻹ǰǸū澷 ¡

Ľıߵ֪ˣŲ˵ûˣҹڿҸˣҲҵˣҲҵˣ㾹Ȼûǲ˵Լ

ձ⡰ˣҵˡƵЩΣܹ֪Լˣֵ˵ǣտǲܡ

Ľ豾ǺԣĻҲͷŹǰɣԭˡ

лСȥԺŵ⡣

ĽʢŴ󽫾纵ģһ⣬ɽ͵͵ˣ˭֪뾩Ĺٵϣɲ˴ӽϻĽܡ

Ľյ󽫾ţ˵Ľȥʢ˽Ӧչˡ˰;ϣûѰĽټﱾЩˡ

ڹٵʱΪ˲ע⣬ĽѹŻûзŭĽ軹ᵽΣյϢ

ŭǴܵ˽գĽԭ﷢𣬵ҲҪԣ壬һ壬һȥɡ

Ľɽһ廹ûüƴǣ㱻˼ˣԺ֪ʲô⡣

-

ԺٴʱĽܻδۣ˿⣬ѴʱȻˣٵ飬ŲžҪ齡

ĽܽºȻһûվȣϣĽֽסЦˣʱˣˣĪǻҪΪ

һòʱƿʹҴ齣һ߻ôȥ˽һˣС㲻ˡ

Ľܷ£Ȼͷϣδ˵һĽ   㡣

Ľ裿

ǰĽں֣ΪΣԭȻģԥ£ʣմλ𣿡

ǰսϼģﶼǱ߳ǰգ·ˣɱˣڲݴȱ˲ܳĽ˵£ҲͳЩ

ĽȻЩܣͦõһȻСûرС

ֻǣĽܾһңҪô檣ǡ

ĽܺȻһ䣬û˵ȥ

Ľϸ˱ⷬɫԽԽڣ۾ʣΪ檣
һɻѵ

Ľܷ齣Щˣ룬ϽģҲΪ

룬˵û

ĽܼĬϣȻЦˣЦģһʱҲ˵徿Լ

ɻ󣬻δĽѾ߹ᱧŻϱϣѹ

·Ӧ־ҪƿĽܣһֻ־סֻϸͷǣǱ
շתĥϢȴһƬ컡

ֱϢĽܲŷſһ£˵ãҪŮ岻ãҼĽŮοʮ꣬Ҿô𣿡

ϢĽ˵꣬ȻǱסһֻֻԲʧؿĽܡ

Ϊ۾ʦ˵ȫȻţָĽûĽˣռݺﻹЩʧ   

ԭָš

ŶģʮʱսϼһǷߣǺ֪á

Ľܿ˷ӦʣĽ裬㻹Щҵķ£˵

һʣȻͳ˱ҹȣ˵ȹ˵ΪϷʮȣһĶԻˡ

ʲôʱ򣿡Ľʡ

ǴΣ԰ԱߵĹϣǻ

ĽüǼǵڹ˱ȵĶԻûУ㶼ô˵

űΪţұʮΪɫ⿴ңҿ𣿡

£ĽǵĲˣֻǵڷﶼǣ°ȥ˵ֽѵһͨʮȣΪ޹ⳡս£ʲôϷϷ

룬ϷȴţӦԼȥģʧҪһѹûзϡ

ͷ׵ģĽܳһģҲʱȰԼûжɫ⡣

ˣ𣿡

ҡͷ

κǲǸ㣬ңǲҪ𣿡ĽܺȻζ

ķ룬ȫʢ˶ģҴҲģôҪĬŲ֪λش

𣿡Ľ˵ţҪѹס

ҸҸ𡣡

´βμʱҪĽܺһһ˶󣬶˴š

뷨Ľ֪ܲνĸҲǳ崫ţθ𣬱Ҳܻ֪ ġ

˰˺һ󣬱Ľš
СˡŴĽɫһ£ʱŹ

Ľ˵һĽҲ߯ˣ֪õӡ

Ľܳȥǰָ˵͵͵ʢģһҪ̫

ԭˣֲշͨ𣬻Ҫ˷ԡ룬ӱ߳ǵʢһҾżûˣǴңҲȷʵóԡ

ѵ»ĽһĽ費죬ҲݲģԽҴŻ




46.  ʮ   Ľ

ŵԺ, ڵĽȽȥĽǰͷԺͣ

Ľܵ, Ľŵһ£Ųÿ

˵山λ, ǰһ򣬱ű, ͷڱϥϣһǳ, Ϳʼޣɩɩ, ҸҪҡ

Ľ˵ʮ, ԭЩɣϾҪЩ, ڿоĵȻǺӡ

, ֪Ľôһôһվ, ֻͷǰԽϰˣҲʮ

ο, С㽲أᶯֵġ

Ľ˼ɩɩǻϸѰģԼϲȢ, һɩɩҲ⣬Ǳ˴ȣ۵ѩϼ˪

תһ룬ˣɩȻڣſò뵽ʣ

һǲ˵ҲͦϲɩɩģûĽڱ߳ʱ˯͡

¶һֻ۾ƳĽܣĽץ˸ţǹĵһˣǱˣ

ȻȱסֻܿԼˣĨĨ۽ǵỨվˣѡվ˱Աߣ֮ĽԽԶԽá

ްôˣĽ   ʣҲĽ裬ĽǷŭǰƽ

ĽȻӺˣнʽ˱䣬۾ԲߣĽܷŹ

ҲѾĽ˵ˣϾĽ֮£ʵڹЩСҪúþ

ĽҪ˲˵磬Ҵˡ

Ľܲ俴һקűӵ֣ŵĽæֱ֣ˡ

ӵתôػյ´˱һȦúƯƵģģûŲС

ڱ߳ʱ˵Ľܱͻ£һֱķ޲͡ԭ˵⺢䣬׶飬ҲչˣǱͻλůģҪˡ

ΪˣдŽĽܣ㲻ϲҲҪ

»ͻŮƷԲãǣˣΪĽܵġ

ЩĽ趼˵ԣ˵Ľܱٽ˹һ͹Ժ֣ʵҲǴ֮̽ĵģ֪λɩɩֵֵ𾴡

̽û̽ǿԼĽҲֻϵùˡ

ʲôأôˣϸ˵˵˵⣬ʢ˵òãܣȥ͹ر߳ǡĽܵ

ŵԸһǣӡδ

ȵȣ˵ĽһʱˣʼҴڲñŵ뿪߳ǣӦøֻɽ꣬ӦöЩˣ١

ҲΪѰ㰡㶼ûؼˣɵˣǿ㰡һɩɩһһֱر߳ǣСֶӶˣһûСʱҵöİ

ĽԽ˵ԽģŴŵӴ۾䣬ż򣬲ʱ

״üĽܣѾ޳ˣҪˣ

СӣҲǺ⣬ԭһأҲ˵

Ľ˼⣬Ľ˵ĻϣĽ趼뷨ﶨȻӵ

ȻĽѾˣȻὫߣ߷ע⣬ε۲¼ɣֻĽݣֻò˶ãͻε۵İϡ

պ󡭡ˣһһ   ع뱱ӣͷʾ˵ɡ

վľһĽ£οˣˣСƽˡ

ĽһգӨ͸Ĵӿűģɩɩ˵㻰ҪٳͷңһҪ

յҲ߯ˣñʮֻɣǲװģΪӱܳͷڿޡ

һʱҭͿҵƵˣֻ÷ǣ˵㻰

Ľ費ŵؿĽܣûзΪЦôһʼûбȡЦӯӯվȵű£ɩɩ£ҰͺãҸ˺ö

˵ŽԼŵĲƹͷȡĶѵһȫ˳ƿƿ޹ʱһȻ󣬱ͿĽͷһһʼ

Ҵһƭ裬˵Ƥˮ۹⻬ɩɩ͸㡣

裬û԰ɣæʣ·ĶɲԣҪԣҲþ鷽ĽСŲԾͳˡ

ĽҡͷûУɩɩģǡŽ˵·һˣ˵Ǹöܡ

ɡɽһѵ

ԣǸ˶ҶֶŵģͱҺɽһ٣ȦˡĽ赭д˵š

⻰ڱľڲ֪˶Σյ£ƽʢҪллˡ

֪ɽǰСѧ䣬ܴƽ֣Ѱˣ뵣ġĽҲǴǰͿʼѧˣɽ޷ȣԱȴû⡣

ЩҴӱﻻģǡ

-

ĽһĽ˵ЩС⣬ʵЩȤܳȥ˽Ἶ

εҹͼ빬һҪʷկ¡

Ľܵʱյε۵ּ뵽ùѲúаһ£ҪֲаշѲ

Ľȥ˷կѲź󣬳ӭӣΪ˽ӷ硣

ƹѲĽܿʼ˵ε۴ͻһ£˵δ޸ˡδ˵Ѳ   ܿͲµˣһֱĽġ

ѵһСȻĳѲЦɱʮؾٱĽܡ

ĽܷŷûпЦ󵱼ң

֪СҷկкιɣĳԵϡȱץ˰ѱȻѾһͷǳûɱĽڣҪҲǾ˺·׳Ϊݿܡ

Ľܷ±ֱӴӻͳε۵ּӸɽЩµ˵㷽ţҲ̫ŵˣһ϶

ĽЦһ㲻˵Ҳ˵˭֪أ

ȻʶĽ£һֱйţʢǰ㣬ˡ

˵ѲּҲկȻǱסˣҪôȫȻɢҪôֻܽаկֻ׳Ȼ볯͢һ׸棬òΪǿ

Ѳսȭ󶨶ĽܣҧĽܣһӮˣկΣԸˣСȻа취Źҷկ𣿡

ĽüŹѲĽ⡣ɽɽ⽣Ӱ˸ذĽָܽѲʤ

ĽܲδаǸѲдһţߵȥ߳Ҵ󽫾µģ˺ݳǡ

ˣկһˣεʱҲֻկɢˣ󵱼ҹѲӹ

ѲʱҲΪĽܽٷկ˵£УǾǳݰա

ˣãĽܼȻҷ߹ѲسŵȻټʱڱ߳ĽҾӪⶼǺ󻰣Ҳۡ





47.  ʮ   Բ

ȢιΪޣΪ, ֻΪ˱ĽΪ⿴ż

ŵιҰ, ͷˣֻ²ͬ޵š

ٲһȻҲϹ, ǰ棬֮£ڰķΧ֮, Ļ£ȻҲӦǸĸ֮ý֮ԡ

   , ĽܲŻ, ȻҪȢΪޡ

ڽ, Ǳկһλȣǹ, ҽŮկɢˣ޴ȥ, ˷ؾͽ˴˻

Ľ֪Щ֪, ȢΪޡ£֮䣬Ӧ÷˲¡

, ĽأûмǴɻʱ񲢲ϲˮʱ, óѾںˣΪʲôȻʵ

ϲ
Ľüʱˣ

ҲЦųϣȻǷƣʮϲòļϡ

٣ʱΪЦ˼ú󣬼ΪˣҶιǱֻǱȢΪޣһ

Ѿ˺ͷ˵ҪȢΪˣĽܿż䣬ЩƣӦǺͼ̹׹ˣֻǽ⡣

Ȼ̾һ磬Ҿȥ˵ˣ룬ǼΪԣ˵ѾΪѰһ£ֻҴӽϻվȥף

ļҹĽʡ
֮Ů⡣

Ľԣ٩Ȼǲܴ֮ŮĶͷ˾
ӻԹ˽ƽ

ιأϾҲľˣ˾û˵Ҫΰ𣿡Ľָܻɫʵ

ֹһƣΪ׵ҵľ֮˵޹֮󣬿Ϊ檡Ըӽϸһ檡

ͳˣ֮λýţֲί檣ĽԼ뱱¶ĥôã˼¡

Ҹѣ㻹ǻȥһ   ޸㣬Ȼ㹲ּ˻ģģҲﲻæ

ü˼⣬ú̧۵ʢպҪĽӦһ

Ȼû⡣

-

ĽܻظʱĽˮ塣

Ľѧ壬־ڴˣûԣѧ˰ͷˡ
ҲֻƤë뱱ǲȣټ´λãզһ£һ£ɩɩҷ

ЦȤ裬޻ڴɷ򡣡
ֲǴɷСŮӣҿԻڡĽһƱ磬Ϊ

ĽܵĽŲ˻ͷһۣصϡĽܱۣߣһִֻӺƹȥס

Ľ軹ڶ棬ŤĽܵôߣսֱۣ°ʹϣ۾˵Һˡ

Ľ״һ񺮣ĵȫǶģҪֱ˾
ʵڲĽе󳹵ױһתܱ˵ɩɩһ£ˣɽ꣡

Ľˣɽ뱱۵Сۣɽ깩ֵˣӣСҲ¡
ȻһԾ̤ˮɹȥ׷Ľ裬˵˽ıж𾪣ϵľնֱۡ

ˮƷ㶣ĽѾᱧԺķˮת۾ʹˮ͵Сϡ

ĽɽꣿԹˣоôĽܵʡ

ŵͷÿ찡ҲѧԺǲǾͲˣÿȥ»ҪϺһӣѧɽգ֮£

ĽҡͷֻѧṦ»ǲСԸʧĽܽ˵ֺңԺȥĶҶԱȥԲš

˲ٻػ   Ľܵѣ¶;ѾǣÿĻǿˣͷ͵Цš

ԺĽһ̤ȥͿСѾߴҲֱӽҡ

תһŻҪ׼뻹ˣóţֻλӻԲԣҪһٿˡ

һ·ϣѾϵӲˡúܿ죬Щڴּź£˵ŮӵһҹҪ۵ģҲ֪ܲܵסﻹ˵ǷϧЩЩۡ

ĽӦûϧɡ

ѹʱѾõϣĽܴһ˫ĿﵹӳӰӣ۵ڸ

ǰӦˣҪ𣿡ĽĿɫѯʣȴ·˵ܷڡ

ѽ⣬мûңδ˵˴˶֪ȻͨȻپܾڶΣĲЦҡͷ

ʱ˹Ľܴʱõźţһӣʾ˱Ȼظ۵ļ

һʶӵǿסûж㿪ĬĬŲҪ£Ͳ䱻ҧһ¡

ʲôأĽܲʱȻȻע⡣

Ǹܵŭ׼ȷ˵𣬺µӣ㱻Ľѹ£ãϸ

Ľܡ𡭡

мܲסֱסЮ˴䡣



СѾͷľҲصԺɫҲµͷʲô

֪ΪΣľһֿྡ꣬͹үԲˣ´λκǸүҲ˽

Ȼʱ㴫϶ʣʱżͻȻޡŬѹȻ˿ûá

ֱĺɫͷĶδЪ¡ֻ   ܲסˣںĽܡҲҪˡ

С˵ʲôֻȻЪȻǽںܡܡ

ǶǻδĻƻߵòҶӣһͷŽ¡ʹЩȴҲδ£һ뵽磬ֺܿ侲

ľ﷢𣬹ȻǴ̵ĽЩ͡
ֻǹǵһΣСû˽ƣҪЩˣֻСϧһ

ԼĪֹ˰ʱѾţҲҪˮˣȴûԸ
ɫһˣСѾȴ࣬˿

ֹãĽܵƵڴ˳Ѿǲŵͷ̧ˮȥ

-

գڷʱ۸ѵģ֪ŮӵһҹҪ۵ģȴδۡ

ôۣҹǰĽܷŹҪץǲһҲûϧ

뵽⣬ʮίӣҪӦҹ޲ˣᶼˣֻתǲµ

ĽϬֻһ˹һĶϸĺ£侲ҹЩ֣ŵˡ

Ѫյͣôգһʱû˽ơҪһ±Ĵˡ

ĽΣֺֻõȥҴ򡭡
ǴȻҪȥҴ

ҩˣңͲˣ԰˯

ҹѹû˯٣Ҳ۵öˣֱ۾

ʱѴǴûгʱǰˣѾҩ   Ҳԡˡ





48.  ʮ£   Ľ֡

, Ľӽһ, Ӷת

ôˣʣɤӻЩ˻ƣ˷, Ѿһû˵ˡ

Ľ۾Цӯӯɩɩô඼Ŀ, ͸һһһЦÿ

ֻӻ, Цùˣ

Ľͷ, ɩɩ, ǲѽԣ˵ŻԱĶ, Щȣɽ, ԣս㣬ȥѰ

Ľ費֪, ȴ֪Ϊɤˣվδ, ӡ

Ľ⻰ȻˣҿʣСأҹĽܺ, һһ麰ܡ

֪Ҹ类һл˵ºȥˣܣǴţҲ֪Ǹʲô١Ľ費

ĽܱлˣüһնʶؿͶ㶯Ľؿˡ

һת񲻾̽ɩɩܣѹʣɩɩл֮ǰС˰ɣ

ǡæϣֻϴĽܺлʱ龰Ҳ֪ν£ֻζ˲Ҫ

˺ǸˣӦĽܴܡ˵л뵽ȥ߳ǵٺлϣҲ֪ˣÿĽ衣

裬ʶ𣿡ʡ
ĽͷʶǺģٸ磬磬Ͻ㡣

лǣʡʣٺϽڱ߳ǣ𣿡

Ǻܺõģٸȥ˷ﶼ⣬Ͻڱ߳ǴЩӣ˿ɺˣҿɰˣϽ㻹Һɩɩ㣬˵ǸܺõĹ

ͷ֪ǰãҲͷˣлϽĵܵܡ

ŶĽ򣬡ԭϽĵܵܣӦãҲһܺõˡ

ǸܺõˣգҴȥٸãҲһܺõˣһ   ɰȤ

-

лѰĽܲ˽£Ǻͽһйء

Ľܻؾʱ˳Ѻԭ֪ɽ֪ȡ֪Ծ뾩Ѻ˴Σεô¡

лѶ˶֮﹩ϲ䣬ֻܷŹˡεһּ⣬˽նУϿຮ֮أжΪ١

ӳ׽ֻлдʱҪĽЩϸ֮Ѱ

лĽܴӴ˳Ľ֪˿ɷпգһ

л֪ʲô⣬Ŀ֮£ΪֻӦĽȥˡ

˵¥Ƕһ˵ͿʼһһֱлŲסϣĽܲʮ泩߳

ܣˣظĽܴȥлߵС˿ǵıӰһ߽ȥһҹĲʡ¡

Ľܻظ;УСߺǣʹ˼ϲʳĽ󣬽ݸܡ

ȥ͵κ˵ҸСӵġĽܵ

ܹؿֲҷֻ˺üȥ˶κ

ĽܻصֽһѾߣȥԺֱȥԺ

ӲʣĽߺ󣬱ˡ²ã˵

С˯ˡľСĽܶЩ

ĽҪߣ⻰Ȼͣ½Ųתľգպûˡ

ľռȻͣǣΪ˵˻ʱĽֻǸĳƺһ£žϲ˵ǣǷ˯ˡ

ǸûˣСȥūǾˡ˵꣬񣬻߳ȥϵЦŨҡ

ǶԻıҲǺȻЦˣЦţĽܽĽŲæЦ۾װѾ˯ˡ

Ľֻѥӣ齣ڻ뵽ҹЩ£۾ҪĽܵĻ

ģڲ   ɻĽȦ֣ڻϹһҩˣ˵ܹõġ

ϢһͣȻҩֱ˵˳ɫա˵Ҳֻͷ

ܵĽֲܵŵһ£ܵᣬֺ۾

-

ʲô˵Ľ裿𾪵Ľ裬þδ

Ľ֣Ľ谡λôˣɻؿѰ

ҪͣͿһֽ󣬴ŭĿĽ裺û۸ˣ˺ѵ

£æĸ첲֮ǰˣǣСã

ã־ӷתĽĽСҲĽĽ׽Сã׽磬쾭壬ôһͦġ

Сãֲȷһ顣

ʮֿ϶صͷ

ֱһգϵ˲һῴĽ裬Цԭðͻˡ

Ľʮֹ죬仯ÿ죬ôһףһģĪӲã

裬֣ĽŲߡ

ٵãҲϽıãԺͺ㡣֡

ԭٸãŲ̫Ľܺϱָһ
㣬Ұͺá

һʶٺлϣµ˱մԭ򣬸мؿ
裬㷽ϴˣǲŵˣǸֺĽ

Ľˣҡͷˡ

£ٺлϵ£Ľһһشʵл

˵һаãܾڱϲǣڴ˿е֪ȷʵúܺãġ

֮󣬱˵Щ£Ľ費Ȥſڴϣ¿֣ʮȥϿ   

ּ״ȻľմŰȥϹ䣬˸С

Ľһͷǣͷʮͬ飬߹űӣɩɩҾȥҷſģӦúܺóԣȥ

ʵ̫ЩҲͬƽϣľգǵһҪ

ǣˡ˵

ллɩɩлл㡣Ľ˵ţѾܳȥľæ

󣬱ֱЦ˺һֲŵСãӵǺȫȻͬСãǸ˵еĺ֪˭



ᣬû˰ɣ
ͷ쳤Хһ֮ǰ̫Цˡ

ûЦ˿ڲ裬˻Цˣʵ˵˵ЩӶæЩʲô

ԣȻͷϽȾɫҺϲһˡ




49.  ʮ   ֪

ϴڹʱ, £Ѿ²µˣ¶, û̫졣

ôˣ˵ļҵĹӣɺ, øϴȥฮˣʡ

ҡͷɫӣ, ҧļҵĹ, ֻһֻΪ, Һܺõġ

˵𣿡󾪡

ίʵ̫, ˵һ͵ڽʶֻ, ô⣬Ī˽ƭӡ

, ΪŵضԼϣܵõ֧֣˼Ƭ, ʣϸ룬ôʶ, Щע⣿

ע⣬͵͵ȥסǱ, ʶˡ뵽£Щߺգͷ

Ӳ⣬ʣΪλ͵͵
úÿֹ档
ִһЦãͲ̾Ϣˣ⻹ʶ¡

ּͣţôÿˣôֻȻ£Ծ͵͵ˡ

͵͵ʣ   ֵͷʣͲǹƭ㣬Ǻأ֮أ

-

ִȸϿ֪УȥϽִ

Ϊθ£֪תץ˸š

ӲλӺ֣·죬һߣҺúҵ·ôͳɸˣĪ·ǹӼҵģ

֪пۣδԣתǰߡ
ָ˼Ͳסӣ첽߽֪Уװʣλӣⱳ¨ֻҼҪϲЩӿɷƽ鼸

֪ͣ½ŲתʮǺˣٷġѩͼٴġ÷㡷īġǧ׷ͼ

ֲƽ鼸Լ¨ֻ򼸸
Ȼᵽˣһʱ²͸Ǻ⣬ֱīǺ⡣

ûмǴīǱ游Ԩʿ̲סЦȻƽ

˵ûҪ˵ЩǧǺӿ£̣˷顣
ϷЦ˵ЦˣЩ򼸸ӵ֪ӿɷСŮӿ

֪п죬ֻһŮӦòʲôˡ
ԥһֳĬǰ˼ƿһСԺţתɡ

͸ų￴СԺƾɲǻķã߹޵ǣȱĵطҲֻéݸˣЩ㶣ʢǾȻĵط

ѡɣȻǹ黳Ҳ̿ѡ֪վ俴ΪСԺƾɣԲųٳٲ롣

лӣǽȥɡ
ֻ񣬺ǻϲĸţʱȸﱧ˺ü֪еֻ

-

Ȼأʣ˵ɣ¾Ӧýˡü뵽֮ȥˣ

ֵͷԣңЩԵõģȥˣûҪҲûҽȥ

ÿ춼ȥҽţҺܺ¡Ȱһظ˵һеסܣ˿ˣһǲߣֻҴԺ   ǲҽݡ

ǶӣҲգȸŪСԺĻݣ˵ƾɵԺʲô۵ģЩý޵ľջ٣

գҴӹȥˡ

գԺȵڣ֪вųԺﲻҪгţٻʱЩ±ҪҪԡ

֪֮ϲ˵͵͵ݣſԱ߿飬Ҳһֻ۱һֻۣٸȥ
ֻĶһûҪȸ˻ȥȴǻֻʱִЩ졣

ţλ֪еΪ˵ɣ԰ҲģֻݲЩͰ֮޷Խĺ蹵

ĸأ֪ݣʣĳĶ֪⣬ֵݣҪһǻͿԵģ

ҡͷûʹĸ⼸£ҶֻһˣӦǲˡҲûҵݣóΪֻһСټҵĹ

ĬˣԸԼӦȰַĪҪԽԽԴĽͨ⣬֪మж಻ס

ԧ£ίʵ
ûǿûԺ󡣡˵

ֲѵ㣬ܰ뱱̸ôãѵһü״

»³һҶȰͬ⡣ֺȻᶨǲܣ͵Ե޷֡

£ʣ಻£ܿ͹ȥˣʱٿҲδɡ
οȻˣĪҪˣȥһҪ˷ˣ⣬ҪסδףҪ̫׽ˣԼ֪𣿡

ֵͷͷﲻ֪ΪΣࡣεˣվߡ

ͷȻľżϸ˴ˡ

ľ룬̫ԣֺˣ˴ˡ

һ˲ӱűͳţľ¥ߣڽſڣһˣֻͣ½Ų

ֶֶϱ֣ϸһ   ۱ȷûϴˣѯĽܡ

˵Ҳɣ֣ڽ˽磬ҪԱ죬Ľܣһ߰ˣ֣ڵĻű

Ľߵߣ뵲󣬹ֵλˣ׾Ȼ׾£½ձʧˣλ

ֻδ󣬲˽ܣĽܱû񣺡λˡ

ЩԱ˾ȻҲóǷŻæ¥Ȼ£ЦӦͣ£Сĺãҵ´һͬԾơ

лĽ˵꣬ǣű߳˽磬ֺľ漴ϡǰ˼Ľʣôˣ

ľ˵˴ˣǿȥ

ĽһĽ£ɫһ䣬Ҳ˵
ǸľǰߣԶԶ㿴Ľգûд򶷳棬ǿͥŲ

æ߹ȥ´Ȧû˺ۣô˴أ

ĽڿĽܵ˲䣬ѾˣľôҲˣʱװӣʮί˵ɩɩûУһҵĲңҾЩͰƷˡ

ͷһĲңѾĹҵģȻܲµװ˳ԵģСǲ֪ȻΪӡ

ɿ龪һˣˣû¾Уɶˣھͻظ

۾һתԶһӰæűС˵ˣ´ȥ㡣

䣬ȸѾ׷ǸӰȥˡߵķȥһű¨İ





50.  ʮ£   ղҡ

˭Ľ˳ű, һӱӰüʣˣ

, ̧ۿŷ֣ĽܻһЩĪС, еСȫ

ЩӾҪ붬Խϰ֣ǰ˸, Ľܿˡδ˵ҹȴڴϲ, ֱԼ⵽, Ӧһ, ŷŹ

ڿ񣬾;, æ͵ĲʶȻظ , ٸ˭𣿡

ţ߰ɡĽǣҪ, ȻĺŸϤ

㣬򣡡

ת, κԽڲϣǻ

ӣˡ

ǵһμĽ, µκԽʦּκԽȻʦͷϣһʱ֪˵Ƥ˵ʦ̫Щ

Խ֣ҪκԽӹ

Ľԥ£κԽݸĽֽӹ
ţκԽˣҪκԽظѾˡ

κԽΪˣһĽܲӣһֻҪȥ֡

裬ǡĽܺȻ

Ľ۾ҵСûⱱĽǣĽʱعͷԼСҡ
ĶСȻһҪİǡֲΥĽܣֻÿɥ

ǿĽ趯ᵽĽܵ˼ּĽһۣ·Ҫһǣ̲סҪЦ

裬ԽɩɩĵܵܣǣԺҲĵܵˣ𣿡

Ľһ֪绳ģԭɩɩĵܵܣȷʵҲĵܵܣȻģõܼܵʵӦá

Ǵ󷽵ץһѣκԽǰЦ˵Խǳԡ

κԽСҲСȻòסĽ˻κԽѾ˱Ļ֪ҪнģҲϲкöǵĽ㡣

лл㡣ŴŴ

ĽһĶҪˣ۰ͰͿĽܣ磬ԽһˣϢ

ĽܿκԽûоܾĽ֣Ľܱݸ

ĽСԶȱҪ󣬱κԽԶˣľæȥ

ӣˣСӽջҪͻκ𣿡Ľ豧κԽŽȥˣʵ

Ľܿű룬   ԽҲ޲ɣǸ˵һ£ǶȻʮֻϲ

ʦհԽڽˣظ˵һһٽԽͻظ

ֳǣתˡ

ص󣬼˳һԲţκԽͯͯﶺڻЦһáĽܶ͵͵һ۱Ķӣպĺӣϲ

ʱ뷨ҹ˯ʱȻ;ãӻǹЩҪĺá

鷿ʱδޣΪڵ§ס㽫һ˿С

ԴԲÿնҪűӦԼͨһʼ£˺ʵûȥˣ֮ڶζӲ˵ġ

ĽܺᱧҪʱȻ룬κԽСԴɵö˶˯졣

ű㿴͵ЦСɤӣСɣǺϢ

Ľô׷ŹҪȥ鷿ȻҪȥŵæ§סĲӣҡͷУУԽҪǿңֵġ

Ȼ˻ѣκԽ˯óֻͨҪ˯˶ȻǱĽܱȥ鷿տôˡ

ңѾüˣȻҲ㲹ߣľããӦݽϲǡ

Ľ΢΢ս˼£ȫǨıԶǵСôܷŹλᣬƱӦղң

һ㶣û뵽ȻַӣҪôǷղأĪҪһǻֱιȥĺá

Σ˱㲻㡣

͸˼һʱ޻ίʵӦϵĿ֮ɫԡĽܼ״ҲȰ̧žҪߡ
ҴӦղʹ˵꣬ϵκԽȻú⽫ԽԺҲһ¡

ԭʱǰκԽˣľ˵ҪκԽȥƫ˯ΪӱĽܣ˴齵м䡣

˹ʶԱȫܸա   ǷֱκԽ࣬ĽҪоʱκԽȻһ˱

ĽܷµޣӵߵĽܶˣҲδӮ˶٣ϾǸ˵ˣЦĵ⡣

оһ谵

-

ùźκԽܱͻκʼѧѧ䣬Ҫ֣һղɻķϡ

ΪĽ磬űЩΪӦĽܵ·

װƺ̫УĪ˵ջձ㲡ʵڿɣ˵ҪǲˣȻҪ¡

˵СӵˣУ׾¶ˡ

˻Ĳɣ£ָѪݡ
ĨѪݣȻһɰʱҲԼǸлĺɰδ깤

ľ㻹ǵãֻɰûдʡ

ľ۾գ±⵽תȥʱһֻɫĺɰ߽ǻ˼

ľݸʣôֻɰ

ЦȻˣ˼룬ܿˣˣȥԽ

⣬վȻ룬Ҳ޳ţĽܽȻɰ۾һ

ľĽܽʱʶѱȴû⣬ϸߣֱ˲̧ͷ

ûпĽƵֵֻݸľľȴǿˣԥ˺ɰȥ

ĽĻϲΪڿԻɰˣͿľ˺ɰ߳ȥҲ˵ɰǸġ

Ĭ˻һһκͣģһֶֻ

ɰڴǰģǼۣԼϴˣѲŶһϵ磬Ҳʹ˻Ӧġ



ܵĽܵĲã뵽³ĵʣǳʲô£

Ľ˼ָɫûУ㷽õĺɰҲǸԽ𣿡

ҡͷ֮ǰõģ˼룬Ų˲   ͸ԽģǸװġ

Ǹ˭ģĽʡ

Һδͬ˵̫лƸΪл֮ޣұֻɰδ꣬˹Ĵͻʥּ͸һߣպȻ˸ԽҲûа׷˹򡣡渵

˵⣬Ľȴãû뵽̹Ե˵Ŵǰ¡Ȼ˵ȻǶлûа˼

Ҳȱһɰ֮ǰǸѾˡĽܵ

ɻô֪ȻҲúɰδΪЩС⡣
УǸɰδôˣĶأ




51.  ʮ   

ֻΪֻԽ, Գζˡ͵Цȴֺã, һ㡣

ĽܹȻãü΢΢, ˼һǲ̫ۣ, ãҲҪ

̧ͷһ, 㲻˵ú, ҪǺȻ˵, ָҪôأʱҪ塣

ǲٺ, ̫

Ľ֪ܺűһһ, Ѿ˺Щʱ, 𣿡

һ٣䲻֪ʲô⣬ܾᵽΣ, ᶨҡͷûУҲ˼롣

ĽһЦȡеߺ͸ոտʼ磬һ, ڱ֮¡

ҪʵڵֿˡĽּܵΪʵ̲סҪЦҪקסֱֵֻ֣㿪

ǱֵûƢŭĽܣҪˣ

Ľܰˣˣ˵¡

ȷ̸

ĽȻˣţȦˣűĶףֱ˵£ӽϻʱһλλ㡣

ΪҪңʶʣԺ   ŷⲢҪҪǼӾȻһλǲܹ

ûмǴ˺֮ǰ㵥˱֮Ů⣬һⶨȻн֮⡣

Ĺ＾ʮֽáǰţǼȥ˰ǲõϱɩദ

ڱĽȻͻ⣬Ҷǰ϶ˣû뵽⡣

ҼҷǧɫƣУȻҪһĽܵ

ʮΣһҪĽܵ죬ǾĽȱһ澵ӣĲǧɫ

˵ΪЩʣȻգֲǲڽݼ˵ȸ

ʱﻹǡû꣬ѾĽܱվŵþһ§סĲӡ

Ļ̌ͷ⣬Ѱ˸ʵλã߰ɡ

ȥĶ⣬ʵ

ҪӦѾǰûˡ

Ľ˵ţѾ߳ȥԺԺѾƼǣ׷״ͷߵýؽĽС˵Ľܣ

ĽܻţֱԺǴֱӱȥ

տǵӰϲСͷǶǹǼ޶ˡ

СѾߴȤս˼ˣ꿪˴÷ҲΪѡɾΣ

С˵ʲôأҿҪҼҷһӵġ

ԺѾЦһš

-

ٽǰû˵ʲôĽٱȥ˿ˣպôˣ

Ľֵܷѣǣһõ߽

ȻѾżˣ˼ߵ棬壬кò衣

ĽܺͱطˣԼ˳ȥˡ

ݣˡ   ű֡

棬Ŀ⾼ϸűú󣬲̧кּˣСλǽ˰գ

ǳμ㲻СڵĹδ¶ֻЦʣλǡ

ΣΡСڷկͷ˶޾ˣȻҲûмҪĹء

ӣι·ղĽ˲

Ľܺͼ˵¡󶮣ֻЩûнӻشĽԱߣ⿴档

Ƕűһ󣬿С˵£ʱߵķˡ
Ц£תͷһȦû£ָǰС裬ʮȤš

ҲȤ룬ĽܺͼȲĿյӣҴιȥԺߣ𣿡

²յʮָмؿ㿴ţֲܸߣĻǡýš

лˡ

ף滺߳˻ȥˮ鿡

˵Ϸ羰ιӽǴľʫдʤ𣬽ˮͷ

ЦһлᣬȥѰһ

ҭ˵Ҳû뵽㲻ģҸͷȻ˵

Ľˣ˵ģڼСû֮ǰҾ˵С˵㡣

ʣιγԣ

Ǵ󵱼ҵķˣҲʢ˼ҵĹ˷ʢҲӰ졣

ʢ˼ҵĹ
û뵽˭δ˵ʢͷλټҹȥ˽ϣǼ޵˷կ

֪ҿɷʣļҴ˸ϵĹ

·ڵһһЦ˵Щ£Ľ˲²˭

õģ롣

٣󵱼ҵľ£˴󵱼ҵĻʱ䳤ˣ˰㺣˫˫ʱͻһƽĽ

ǱУ   ֱ뵽ĽܣǴ콫ڱ߹ظʢͻĽֻĽһˡ

Ƕʱ䣬ʮʹ࣬ѡӻ飬Ŵ󵱼һص˽ϣѡûһúҸ

濴ű֪ѾµˣֻǻɻΪλǸˣ

ϲҲ뿪կһиʢȴʲôҲò

¸ң˵ڴӦ֮ǰҲʹ˺ܾã޸λһ

泤³һ½ˣĽ˿ɲµλ˼ҵĹ

Ҳ侲ʣѦѦ𣿡

ЦŵͷĽ˿֪ΪλὫ˵

ҡͷ

Ϊžã㣬޸СʢǰңҪ㣬òãҾ㡣

ЦţĽ˺СҪٰʲôˡ

ڴѦžȻûӻȥ˽ϵлһлι

ɡϸűȻ

㶣ûоܾһȻ˽ЩۣҪЪϢԣСַ˯һʱա

һȣĵַ˯ҲҪĽܴӦС

лιι黳պ£ѰңԵҲţһˣƾһǻʢݣܲңܸЩοҲǺõġ

лСѧҽҽȥĽҪӣҿæ̥

Ҫл㿴Ľܺͼˮ

棬ǻȥˡ
ԣߵߣ𣺡ĽˣԵټ

ĽվˮԽԽԶȻЩ浣ǣһˣ̫Ƶ ߵ·ַƽ̹

浣˲һҪԼˣΪˣҹӦĽܣҪ

ȻҹĽûзŹ˰ޣ޿˰ޣһûãϵŨ

ûгסȥʶʧǰ룬Ѿʱⲻιȥɡ
ǵĽ˵˱㲻㡣





52.  ʮһ   

, ˵ԭĽ, ľ˻ȥ

˻δѡľ
ɩɩȻδѣĪˣ, Ҹ￴ɡĽ

ǶԻֻͷ˿ﶼ۵ģ, ҪͬĽˡ
ȥ, ҪԲˡ

˭֪ûĽ, ͱĽ˵, ˣ㷢ֵ, źʱɫ糺, ̽̽

Լͷȷ, 㷢ˡ

ԼҲ̽̽ôûãĪԴˣ

, ߹£ʱɫһ䣬ǷȣѾˣ, ĪҪˣ£ճˣ˵ûзȣ㷢ˣȻһҪպͿˡ

պű£㣬㿴ŷˣȥҴ

˵žҪߣˮľľ˷ˣȥҴ򡣡

ˣľˮߵ齱һȻշ죬ȴЦŰοǣû£ĪҪż˴򿪸ҩ˾ͺˡ

ľҲѵɫѿҴҴ˻ĪҪٿοūˣ˷ȣɻܣ

ľȥ˻δùţһθܲס˵ת˳   ȥ

ԭǲæһڻЩȣͷҲЩƵģ˱ɢɢľ񣬴ͷ

ЩۣŴľӦûẰֱ۾

ľѾԺˣҲȷʵˣΪԼ֪Ϊ˯ʵǷþ񲻼ãʶ硣

ľʱĶͷȥôûȥ·Ŷ˽ˮѾµˣʪӣšɺ˱ͷϡ

˯һǾȣֱ˳ڱϣľϸ˻ȥ

˻ǸĽһͬģľǰֱóһƿľǶһʼ

Ľڴ齱ߣգ٣³ϢŽ˵ȣҲЩɣСܵһš

һۣ¹Լʱûз״

֣ȡһζشĽܣѪյģɻôã㲻֪ƣҲֻ˵Ƿ޶ˡ

Ľֱܽ۷Ż˱ӣ˵ֻԼüˣ

⣬ۣˣҪСҹʲô

ĽһüøˣԭҹˣǿӲֵҩ

л֮ɫҲ˵ЩһȻҪ˷纮ص⼸˼ء۹йأϷҩ˳ԹȾͽȥˣպĪҪֻԼˡ

˵䣬ʵʵָĽܣ˵ϧˣֻΪԼ

˵ҲֲĽܣߴûйŮӣȻҲû˽̹ЩԴ뱱ʳζֻ޻ã棬   ֪Ůӳܻۡ

лܽˡĽֵܹ
ź룬ޣ˵һӿɽ̡

ˣ˸Ϸȥץҩϸͷ˵СϷһˡ

ĽΪЩδԸ꣬˳ȥҲǺ⣬ѵü㰮֮ˣҪĽܼ䡣

㰡ôԼʹ죬˵ĸҲҪչ˵ˣҪʣ֮䱾ûкڵġʱĽܵƽЩǲ׸˵ġ

ĽʮصͷļΪ档
״ֵƣҲһɲġ

֮Ľٻʱ˱飬֪ƻƶŮ棬ôʺУŮҪεȵȡ

֪ԭ֮Ҳôѧʣǰçײˡ

߽ʱӦǱˣιࡣȻؽӹףССڵι

㷽ȥĶˣǲˣƽʱ˼֣ԺкĽܵȴδˡ

ĽܲӻֻʣµļȫιˣŽŵСѾϣĿȥɣһҩٶ˽

ǡѾ¡

ôˣʡ

Ľܻƣű£Լŵ˵ҴˣԲ𡣡

ΪԼԼͷϣǸ
˵һС࣬ûоͷǿЦЦܣ㣬Ȼմˣιˮд˻磬ŲˣȳԹҩͺˣС㲻ô

Ľ˵꣬Ҳֻ˱øˣţ˯ҩˣٺ㡣

Ҳȷʵ˯ˣĽܵأڣ˯ˡ

ﰲĽ   Ϣ£ǵպǵĺӡ

ʱ죬ǰȻһȥ磬룬ر߳ǣѡ

Ҷ֮ϾһλҪҪر߳ǣΪȼսʱҪߣεҲס

أ
߲ˣε۲ߡ

ˣκǽε۵Ĳ¼ɣҪκҪֻ²סǣ

ҩˡ



Ѿˣֱιˡ

ĽᶺŪֱüܣҪ֡

ҩˡĽᣬ㶼ؿ

Ǳ۾ֻ΢죬ĽܣҩȥĽһǣͷһᣬ˯ȥˡ

״ҩ˳ȥ
ҩȽˣ˭֪ҹȷˣԺǺһڣŽȽ

ĽۣܿҲԼģȴͷ̫

ڶգ㳹׺ˣԡһҲ࣬˵ȥ˿һֲͷ

Ľ³ҲûȥܴӪԺһգȷˣˣղȥ˾Ӫϻѹֶˡ

գֵǣΪúĽܶȲҪã˭֪˶գûֻر˯

µˣҪ˯Щϣ˴Ҫ˯ˡ

ôˣֲ˵ֻߵļѾߣ֪˵Ļ
ԭԭ򣬹ֲҪǸҲֲЩһֱû

ݸһЦԼԼ֪   ûк˵ǰءңǷԭҲΪǼίʵ̫Ƶˡ

ãֻҪݽϣӦûйϵġȻҪ£˱ﻵˡ

Ľܴ鷿ʱֻһɴ£˶յĽܣʱۣеʱΪޡ

ǵúĻ࣬Ҳ֪ʣֱʵñߵ˵֧֧Ӧ




53.  ʮ   

˽տҪͷ, ӼҪȢӽϴιΪޣΪ˻ĵ֡

С£ֹ, һʱ벻ͨģˡҲ֮, ֪ιľ˺ס˺źš

Сĸ˫, ҪΪŮպռ˹ͷ, ܼ޵˼ҡ

ιԼܾҪ, ˼ҶҪ, ҲǿΪѾ˼, ֻһ£ܴӦġ

ùȢһҰΪ, ⲻǹЦ˿ڽõķǰ̧ͷ

ο˵Ӽ, ɻмλĹ۰Ͱ͵֮λֻȲڰǰչ¶Լ

ڼ, ǧö࣬ãҲŵԣ֪, ƽ⣬ŵҵĹƫƫԶӼ⣬˵ʲôҲܴ

Ȣ˲⣬ϲ棬ɽҲǲԣӾ˵ǲܹιǲȢιҲԲȢ⡣

ǼԲ˼գ̬ҲЩǰǿӲ仹ǼҪȢ棬ȴû˵ȢĻ

Ǻãһ̾ϢܲȢˣ֮ǻ Ҫָ檳

ҩ˵Ҫڴ齱ߣȰ˳ҩ

˸Ŷͷʹ˵ｫǸιߣǲǾͺýˣ

δػԽԽӺãֻҪιˣùԹȢ˲⡣

ȻιȻǶģƽ޹ʽ˴ˣֻ¸᲻ˣǺüá

㲻ү޺ãвģλ̣ˣҲΪѰɾˡ˲ķâż֡

ٹգǰʮٳԭɼٰ磬Ȼˣ˹ܲøЩƵ

ãĪҪģӦˡ

κ϶İȻıãȥɣｫιﺰ
˻ᵽҲΪҪ޸Ľܣ˵ǷˣﻹΪİκϺãСȢûи

˺Ȼһ£Ż뷨ʧЦĽȷʵఢҪѧĵط

˺󣬼˺ܿЦ⣬˼Լ뿪뿪ʢ

ûãѾߴ˽̧۱㿴˴ɫ԰ͷļˣ

⼸ոѧģȻڼߣȻҪѧĹأЩӸߵѾߵĺѧ

ιˣ¡к
滺ȥڴ齱ߵСϣ˿ɫˣܰ𣿡

ɫһ磬ιﻹǸڰ֣ˣëԼҩ   ˣͷιˡ

ҪڨڨջأҲټ֣š

ιڸסÿɺãأʧ֮ʡ

ҡͷл˹ģһжá

˴òҲҲºͣݲЩ̾⼸֣֪

滺ҡͷȻÿ˳һ󣬵δ˵£⼸æѧأҲûйȻǲ֪

㵹ģȻЩ͸һζ֪𣿴Сδ˵һػΪ㣬ȻҶ죡

治֪⻰ôӣֻܾĬš

˵㿴ޣȴŶ뵱꣬ҵĵһӣҲǹүĵһӣǸ˵£ǧģգһʬ֪Ϊʲô𣿡

Ȼ֪ҲԼԼµЩһЩӣ治ҵ֮

Ҳش𣬼˵Ϊǣ˭ͷһӡҲĹӣ˭ӡʧٵϢʱϴ棬أͲԶز

ţɻǣΪ˵Щʣô

˼ϹһϲˣȴһѪҪ֮λ

סˣû뵽˺ȻԭȻ֪

⼸գȻǰأǿóˣҲܲµ˿ܲȢ

Ѿڸı䣬ѧأѧֺüˣƺûá

-

յ˰ӣ͵˱ϡ   ٳĽͬĽܺͼĹϵȻҪȥġ

ĽϻҪ׼ôĺʡ

뵽סŵ棬һ䣺Ӻιˣ

Ľָܰҧһ£ֵصһۣó֪Ҳüûˣ˵ԼĸСԼܰʲô

ΣֲҪʼһӣôҲԿȥʵ档

ˣĽҲЩҲʲʲô

Ĭ˻ιҪ޽£Ҫ޸Ǹֺγһ£Զڱ߳ǵϽ㣬Ҳ֪ЩûС

ȻãΪܺõĹǣһ·̫ЩҲﲻʲô

СĽܣȻ뵽һ¡

ţĽüָ⶯һ٣Σ˳ƺǻʶͻ

ܡǺСʱ䳤ˣϰ

Ľܻǲ̫⣬üͷ棬ű
δϰ߻˳ƺȴѾϰĽӣﲻʱϲš

֪ƺȻϲ

ĽܹȻ˲ͱס˵ϣϢϮպòã

һĨЦҡͷ
ĽȻóڶҲգһֱŻںš

㻹ǵѦѦ𣿡ʡ

Ļۣ̌ŲµǰʱӦýѦŵ˵˱û

һʱ޻ôҲû뵽ĽܻôشֻĽ͵ʷةѦ˵ĳŮѦţͻǸ𣿡

Ľü˻ôˣܼҶҪлһ   ˻ˡ

֣ĽڽϣҲûмѦ
ô˵Сһ֮һһɢ˷կ˵ˣӦûկ󵱼Ҽ棬ҲǺпܼѦġ

ûмկ󵱼ҵķ𣿡ʡ

Ľһ棬ôˣ

ȻǾͺ˵ˣι˵կ󵱼ҵķ˾ѦѦǰʢûмѦ𣿡

ԭĽһӣʮַŭѦԴȻ˵ȥׯϣ⵨Ҳ̫ˣּ۾ϣҪдӵ

һɶųնȻѦѾѰˣֺһæĽӣ侲Ҫˣϸ룬˻飬ʥͻҡ

ʺ˵ǵĴͻģѡ񲻽СҲǺӵģ

˵ҲǣǾͿڰķϣĹǣǾ͵֪Ҳ۾֮

ףǶġ




54.  ʮ   һ㣬ÿһ·

缫Ϊݻʢ, ʢСԱ˺̫Ͳϯģ¶մմҲǼõġ

ԺŮϯ, ҲǺɴ裬ݣʮ֡ϯ, Ÿлҳ

գз԰ӣ˺Ǹ, ȥˣٷҲ, ׷ȥ

ϯϵԽԽ, ղ֪Ϊ, û磬, Ҳ˵ˣֻðš

Ľֿǰ, ˵ʱĵűǡ

ȻһѾߴսҪ, ľæҪλ㣬ͺá

Ѿ߲ĿŲԶһۣĽ, ιȥһˡ

Сֻܱľ˳ſһƹȥǴվ   һˣ, Ҳڻű

ľѾߣ˾תˣŵѯʣˣҪȥҪˣ

ľǰδ棬಻֪Ϊλұȥ¶ŵ֮ɫ뱱ȥ

ͷС˵ȥֵľҲȥ԰ߡ

ˡľסҵķ˳ǿֻЭˣá

ҵķǸ󣬲Ŵľ˳ϯ

ԶԶǰ棬鲽ߵƣűһƧСתľ߹

ľһؿ뵲ڱǰ

ЦСҪţ֮ǰȥʱôûпҷߣ

ľϸϸ룬ĪǼӴӽϴλȥˣڸǺ˵Ӵһλιҹˡ

ιūʧˡľ󣬻

ĽߵѾҲǴĽһ䣬µҵݡľ

ݸľܲµ֮Уʣ֪ιҹΪ£

ͣ˻ŵȥĽߵѾߡ

˵Ц𣿡ʡ

ҡͷϴ뼾̸⼸ϸ룬뿪ǾԲӦģֻҪû׿˵ߣͲߡ

οΪļΪûȢŵԵӣزסһ֮λ

ҲˣǼסڹ˳ķӣҳԴǹöȣö෬ܾ

뵽Ҳϴα˵¿ȥѰýȻȱһطСŮӡ

Ѿڶ࣬ȱһҽѾߣǸҵҽԺ󽫾ĴС֢Σκֻһ֮ء

˵ĺг⣬ĳ   ˵ЦֻǱ⣬޸ӦڹסţŬֺü˺Ͱ׿

ǣҪ뿪
Ҫ뿪ˣ뵽ģֻмˡ

ãԥֵĽǻ˺ӣҪиģΪʺϡ

ʧЦҲûлС

濴һƽƽСΪǱСŬЩ㻳һ˵ǶɻˣĪСʵǿиɣǾ͸ӦȥˣҸҩա

ιæס˵ӳĻ⻰ʵڲһδĹ˵ģ˭Ǵأ

Сܺã͹ġֻǹסͬӦ𣿡

ûнӻδ뼾˵£ҲܲµȻͬ⣬а취Ӧġ

һ˵ġ

ȻûиڱӦֻһʱ嶯

ȰιȻѡʢӦţչ˺ùΪˣ߹²ҪѹͼమӦ˼롣

֪ˣлл㡣˼

šü룬Ҳţù˵뿪ңһᾡ

ҪĽܻ˹ѰҲ˵ģŻҪˣ˵ι룬Ҿˡ

˵꣬ľʱСߣ֪ǹĴط˰ȥûˣѾߵӰûС

صϯϣһ£зЦ˵Ľ˿ڻˣǰͷСѾˣҶ˻ˣϯҲɢˣ˿ȥСɣСȷأ

ţǹǰԺͺԺмŵǵš

ǰǰһ򣬾   ˣСǷĲ·أһЦ

ǰ˵ˣĽˣСģȥɣȥɡһ˴Ȥ

ӱĶסЩǰȤֻλ񣬲ŻǰԺȥ

߿ЩǸߵÿˣȺ˶ЦżߵЩ

ǵ˵佥СˣЩ

СްǳסһʱýϽǣǰɶˣˡ

Ϸˣ⻰ɲô˵˭ģ뵱ҺүҲ罺ᣬһնֿ

-

ĺɽ½

ųʱĽֱһʯ۾һһ˼¡

Ľܷ߹ȥַԼģ˼£Ҫȡ

·ݣ仹δѩѾ˶ں˵ʱͱƺˣڣĽܴƵİ£ָ֪ܵů

߰ɡĽָܴůһǣߡ

ǴӹʱѾˡȻ۽һƬĶգۼʧˡ

̧ͷȻɫ֮£ǵѩмƮƮ£ȥӣָ֮ѩмԻΪޣˮ۶û¡

ͣ²ӣĿĽܣչһЦܣѩˡ

ĽܾѺҲע⵽ˣ΢΢üѩˣҲûʲôϡģЩΪˣǿЦҲ˽ŵӡ

šѩˡ

սһڴΪϲܣǽ߻ȥˣ𣿡

Ľ˲Цͽ֣ѩǰЩӸ˷纮ܲס

áˣȻߣߣ߲ˣ㱳ȥܣ

ŵ   ӽȥĽܵȡ˳³ݸ

Ľ־˱ϣϵôӣŵܣľȻظ

ľѾ˵Ļ֪Ҫ߻ȥҲҪȰעӣûڣС͸硣

ǡ˹ȥԥ£ûжʣҲľȥˡ

ǰܿԶˡ

Ľܺͱţ˭Ҳûп˵ܰߡ

ܡ

ţ

Ц˵

ѩм۳СƬڷϣ˼Żʧ֮ѩƬ

ĽַͷҪ£ץסקǣšĽüɫ

ܡ

šܵ͡

˵ܶԺǻң㣬ôһ·𣿡

Ľ㶣ܶԺһ㣬ÿһ·

á




55.  ʮ   ѩ

ĳѩ, Ԥ׵ĽˣԽԽʢһҹͷ

Ժ, ظľСѾ̿͵λӻˡҽ˺һ, ſͷѩСЦٻٻķ˽

һͬģ֪Ϊͷϲ֮࣬ͷϸɾʣ˿ѩ

, æתĽܸ˷ϹŵѩƬĽܴԼ, ҲǴѩԺ, ľײ

§ס, ͷ°ļϡһ˲䲻֪Ե, ȴЦ̧ĺ󱳡

ѾֻԷͷ, һ

Ļ̌ۿǣΪ£Եȥ, ˮ̧ҺͷҪԡ

ǡľոСѾǻ˳ȥ

ܡĽС, Ҫͷ㴫ľ   ˣˮ, Ҫ̧𣿡

Ľ

Ѿ룬ˮ̧С䣬֮˳ȥ

ˣ˽ū澶˹

ţ°ɡͷľ̷ϣĽܺͱǰһ롣

ˣȺˡľһתҲ˳ȥ

ü⽪ζʵڳǣȣͷһȫУæȡϼζĽܼˣŶ룬һ

꽪Ȼ뵽Ľ̹˶գҹȥʱҲʶĽܱȥԡ

ҪʱĽһͬԡЩߺգСܣȥԡ𣿡

ĽܿֱӴᱧһ·߽С䡣

˳ֱ§Ĳĵ㲻ˣǵ÷޹ԡڻϣǽԧԡ

ԧԡ
žͲ

Ľܺؽ˴룬Ž˷ŽԡͰߵػˮУŽԼ

ͷҲˮУס۾СǣߵҪ̧ͷˣɫģɫҲǼΪ

ǣôأĪʵأ

˼䣬ܵˮ涯ˣĽܿ˽ͷˮһת˸ڻֲı

һ̴ӱкʶӣҪȥĽֻ֡ĺǼǴС

ĽͷˣҲǹģߣôУҪתע⡣

ĽܺȻһͣ˲ԾҪŪˡ

ԣĽѾĴģסÿһңУ



   պ󣬱ѾιˡΪѾ˵˻Ӧιˣ˭֪պģ汾ˡ

ϱһѾӰ뿪Ͷ

󣬲ŵˣҴӰ뿪ˣ㻹Ը𣿡

ѾУֻľ֪ʼĩʵ˽Ƿǣպһͷˮ

𣬾֪뿪˰

ӦһΪǴΣԼͼ£ˣߣ֮УȷǴҪĿġ

ҲΪĽ뼾ãϾĻδ𲽣ͼమϣճɾġ

ι뼾ˣͬ𣿡ʡ

ԥ£ǵ˵ͷͼ˵ˣûͬ⣬ҲԼļ֡

ԥµǼˣֻ¼δشӦ

ιҿڽס£һСͬ㳤ססţ˼㣬ҲΪˡ

Ȼ֪ĽܲߣӦҲż֮ҲҪĽ

˵ҲԭҪ£ԧԡҪһͨ¡

ףлˣ֪Һʱź򣿡

ԶƬ̣֪ȻҪѾߣЦлι⣬㿴ߣѾѾˣͲͷˡ

˰ףιﾹȻѾߡ
˵ѾѾˣ泯Ѿɨ˹ճͦ   ͦӣ˼㿴˹ˣˡ

㣬ιǸϹͣȥԺס£ЩСѾߺźšԸ

ǣιߵߣ֡

濴űˣƼˮܴ꣬ӦǸмˡ

ֻǶһãϡ

߲ã£Ľ贩ŶˣһǸմ

ɩɩҸո·Ͽһ˳ǱȥˣĽľѵһ˵ţָָ򣬡˭

Ļ⺮µģһ̲ţĽСܣѾüȥԺҲˡ

£л㡣

ĽУЦʱȻʹЩĽܵƣŵһ飬ׯϡ

ɩɩôˣ͵͵գճҡͷ

Ľգ۾ô᲻֪㲻һֱɩɩ
ǿҲżüŪһͨ
Ľסˣ˵ʲô

ջۣҲֹͣŵ˵˵⼸æʲôأҲѰӰ

ȻѾʢˣȻ¾ɩͷϣôҲѧȥպ򽫾˽

ɩɩûûаҾڸϹ䣬ҹҰȻڱ𴦹أ㿴ҸջԺӣ㺰ңˡĽЦŷܡ

ɽ꣬Ľ裬Ȼ

ĽɽѾ˽ֵˡ

˵˵⼸նȥĶˣ˵⣬ȴŵĸϡ

ɽԣĽ裬ԥ˺һȻڵСǹǮǷڷӵӡ

ˣ   ˭أ

ɽϸ룬ǵĻӣӸ״ʱͲǹһ˵ˣ۵

ȥ˽ϣǰʶ˺ӣ⼸ոȥˡɽĽע£ԽԽ͡

һʵһңһλʶյĹӣȥ

ǣǣĽ֣ɩɩ˵֪ǹҰװҾû¶ڣأ

˿òǴŮװȥҪǱ˿ˣպôˡ

ţ

ȻûУأǶܲҡĽ

Ǻ˭ˣʡ

ĽҡͷֻǸ˼ġ

Ľڱ߳ʱʱɽɽҰңʢþûǰ㳩ˣ˵ҪȥŻȥ

ɩɩԺ󶼲ȥˣ㲻ҪĽ

ֻˣǱ˷ǹʧȻ˵ԺȥˣҲͲټƽˡ

պȥˣȥׯϣǴҲʮֳġ

ãɩɩġ

ĽԺź֪һžʵǸˣ˵£˼ʡ

ûϵӦòҪˣԺʣæˣͣ½Ųתŭһɽ꣬㣬ǲ˵ˣɩɩ͵͵𣿡

ɽ֪ϴ죬Ҵˡ

Ľûٵŭһ¾ɢˣɽ֪ܹҲǻ¡

ˣɩɩûйҲ߸磬´οɲˣȻҪ   ˡ

ǣԺǵ£ҪػһСҲӵġ




56.  ʮ   

ĽҹŹ, һȥϳˣûлὫ¸

˭֪ϣһͬԺ, ҵƣ濴ŸæҲò, ֻÿվţµǵ·

ҳô˾ֱͦͦվ, һ۾, һֹĸо

ѹĹ, ʣι, 𣿡

ҡͷ˽ӿˬҪҺź˵, ң·Ըɡ

, Ѿ˵ѾߣסžУǲǷ

ԺѾ, һȻѾʹ춼Ҫ˵ˡ

ιߵǰº, Ի
һ£ߵľһ뼹ࡣСⲦŪţ档

ԥ£߹, 档

ţʡ

ʿˮ˵ҪѾߣһ䣬ʱһˣ֪ô硣

æԺվһϣѼꤡ

һðաЦ

ľǰҲҨһǰֽ׵ϡ

濴˿ߴȡɫȫ࣬ʵڲ̾ȥ뻹ǽס

ҳʳԵ٣ЩãЩóȥʵ

ˣҡͷǵѾߵģͬʳǽɣȻ鷳ˣʣˣߵѾǺʱţ

ǰ磬һͬȻҲûпš

ľӻιΪū   ǵģūǽŵġ

ԭˣ濴ܣŻڵգѾûӰȥˣһ͸ľȥˡ

ûʻ಻ԡֻ˼ŶҪʳԣҲְдš

Ѧţ֪ĸŹŮϸʣڹʱҲѧ
񿴵֪ԭϸҲҪ˵ģܽһһǡô

ɩɩˣ

⴫һĽ˻δţһ䣬Ҳͳˡ

ˣΪ˿ˣҪһʧ񡱣ϸһƣȵⲻǸؾǸôˣ

ھⱻĽײʱø棬ҲǼһ棬ֻĽԺãȻס档

Ϊ磬룬кֻλڰ·ǣСĹ

ңСģ濴Ľ裬ֿȷʣã

ǰ͵͵Ҹ磬ڹٵϱסˣҲǹùˣ˵ǰɣĽʶˣҲͲپԱһ

㶵ͷȷʵùˣֲС˲ɫŭ

λ㣬ôѽأĽʡ

齩ӲԥŲ˵Ե裬ôô͹ˣ

ĽȻת˻ͷŶˣɩɩǸ׼ʲô㲻֪ҸĶӳˡ



Ȼ뵽δĽڼʱȻҲûл֪ĻϣȻеģʱᣬûЩ

ɩɩɩɩĽ軽գۻ󣬲˵ˣ֪   񣬶Ȼǲ֪ܣɩɩһ£Ҹʲôأ

Ͳţɩɩѡģӳȥ

ˣˣȥˡԵ£ΪһˣǲӦö

ףιȻǴȻѾߵĻƣˣ͵һλڸϣҪҶˣ֪ιΣ

Ҳ뵽ΪƵķӣιѾߣ޷Ǿ뱨֮Ѿߣ

ãȫ⡣

֪⣬Ҫ֣һ£˸лˣˣұΪƽ

ߺĽ賯ıӰ˼ۣʣɩɩҪ𣿲԰ҼǵõǸģǡǲǳˣ

һҪ˽С飬ָĶͷʲôأ

ĽͷȻһҲۣɩɩۣίһûأ

ЦһԸľЩ˰ɡ

ľԣְһվŵСѾǣϵĳʳ׷̣ȥ

˳䣬ϡĽ״档

ˣڸ˵˵֮ǰʲôСˣʣ֪ͦĽ辿ʲôĽֱӳȥ

Ľһȣʳָָӣֺõɩɩ㻹ǲҪ֪ˣ͸ңӦʲô

ҡͷҲ֪һδ͹֪ϲʲô֮ǰһ۸ŵǺܻϲҲһѸ

Ľ·˲õĻ𾪵۾ָԼɩɩ˵һѣһ͡¡أ

ü¡ʲôһ顣顣

ĽŵòҧԼͷ   ô˵©ˡⲻ˵粻Ůɫֲϱȥұ߳λǰⱾ飬͸ĽܣСĪ

Ҳӳ֮һۣ֪ԭ顣

ǲǣɩɩһ£㣡Ľ˵ţһ̣˾ˡ

㡣ջʱײѵ

-

Ľ³ʱǵĻڿĽѣ벻¡

СѾߵ
æ˻飬Ϻӣ˳

ˡȡ磬ݸգϣղȥܴӪ𣿡

ţ¡Ľ֪ܳлҪ˵漴ʵôˣ

ûмӣʡ

ĽܵͷˣŻһͬӹģҪι𣿡ͷֵڽסŰɣ㽫ŽϽԺ

ΪΣ⣬ȻԺպ

Ľգü㿪ˣЦȻҪˣЩԲԺ

˼ﻹĽӢδޣȻĽܽãôԺأҪǴ˳ȥ

Ľܴ²µ룬õģзִ磬˿ģò˶ã˵˰ͼˣܽιȥˡ

ҲֻͬˣҪĽ͸ϵǣԺ⴦ŽܿǴţ˵Ҫȥι




57.  ʮ   

ڽס, ûһŲ֪ĪҪԺ, ˷㡣

ĽʹһΣΪסڽ, ֻ˵סһʱգҪȥš

պ󣬱   ȥ¡
ԭЩ˼ΪĽܳﱸ, ˡ

ۼĽ벻Ҫ͸ʲô, Ͼõһ, ȻҪһܹõ

ʲôأ
ͺܿˡ
, ڤ˼롣

ƽʱŻ飬ҲĬ, û˷ӡľ͸˵ˣȻʮΪǽ, ʾ֭Ҳ벻

۰Ͱ㣬̾Ϣ, 궼ʲôүˣСӣ

šü룬ƺû̫ô, Լһ࣬ԽĲЩСͳʳ

Ѿ͹Ľˣû⣬ûоϲ֮, Խģʺ͸

ǡʱСѾӽݸһӡӹ󣬲һȥ

һ˲䣬Ȼ뵽ȥ¸Ľƽġ˵ûսңϴȥյ£пٷġ

ĵǣڹǶʱ䣬»ʺĻУһֱ߳ǲδĽҪػر߳ǵĴ

ΣϣƽԸȥõƽܱܻ֣׻

Ľ裬һͬȥ£С˵ĽѰˣҪȥɽһͳ˸

Ҳ֪ѰʲôȻϣҪȥ

-

ֳʱŸ˳⣬ֱ˽еľն˸ȥฮ

Ⱥֻʻɽ·ǰ

ôҪȥˣʡ

űֱۣͷļҲ˵ֻգ۾пš

״ٳµ鲻ãǲ֪ʧ⣬Ƿ ֪йأԼĪصġ

ֵ

ţӦʲôˣ˵˵

˵ţһ涣Ȼᡣ´󾪣ʶ꣬Цӯӯʹ죬ҲƬ̣

ʱˣóۣοĲģ˰ա

ฮմŮĸµĻʺΪһһеίġ

ּˣֱӣ͵ģûжҲãֻ̫ǿˡ

⣬ȻܺãΪλҪģʲô

ģô䣬Ҫ飬Ҫֶֻ˶ҾţûӣаҸ

˵קסӣ߷ߵ֪ҪȻҪҪҲˣ˵ʲôҪҵʩ

ңҪʩҾֱˣˡһģȻַŭ

һʱ֪ôӻż޵ǰģΪ֮ʲô£ֻССֶѡ

㷽š

ֽ꣬ӹû°Ҿڸգܣһ㣬Ҿޡ

Σ֪Ȼ˵ﶨȻܵģ˵Ѿܹˣ˺ˣˣڿɺͺˣ

ҡͷ⼸ڸûгţҲ֪ˣᵽ֪УֿʼǣӦҲҲ֪᲻ż

Ȼ֪ղ֣֪дһʼг֣ʼΪϽֺʹشУѰա

ȥ£   ΪΣʣַԣƺҪȥ²޹ϵ

ֵȻȥոУԣһУȻҪ

Ĭ˻ԭΪڰοĵ֣ںȻãǵĸ飬ƺĻá

˵£Сɮ˵Ĵ£ڴݹ񣬸㡣֪£ȥݷû۾ʦ˵Լߣ

ȥԺ˻۾ʦֻڵֱ˵⣺ʦСдһƽ

۾ʦдƽ󣬵Ҳд˵顣

۾ʦӦ˰뱭ˮʾյСһڣ²յŷľࡣ

Щʱղθˣ۾ʦڡ

类һѣס⼸£⹬»ʺ壬Ľܻؾͨ񶼼Щ

ʺ˵ʱ˵һ䡣
ĽܵദУ֪Լ̫֮Ҫӭˣ

ʦ𣿡

۾ʦЦѼ˸ȻҪıһǻ¡

ǻ£ȴҲǺ£
˼۾ʦ仰ţ˵Ҫʲô

صʦСƽ

۾ʦ飬úһ鰸ȡһֽƽݸȥɡ

Щ£òŷӦֽӹ
ʦȻǰˣ

ƽҪ˵֣Ҳ˵۾ʦ׼˱Ҫ׼Ľܵ֡

˵ʹ˵ʦ۾ʦλõɮԭǲţҪˣƽȷһ

򿪿𣿡۾ʦʡ
˼УҡҡͷȻʦ˵ˣȻ   ֻЩˡ

ʦС𣿡ʳʡ

۾ʦЦЦ

ԺʱʮɻĽܺʱ˻۾ʦѵǺܾ֮ǰǴΣ

ʦֻԵ
СһȻܼԵ
֮Իô룬ΪΪʲôԵˣֻǡ£ƹѡ

δ㱻ӭ֣˼·

ڳˣǿɽɡȻߣˣѾȫȥ֪С

-

֪жվڴ룬ԶԶ·壬ͷɢңɫް

ѾǵˣҲΪԼǵ΢ģܾĺ⡣ˣֻҪܻʲôҪʲô

οԼĸԸõСԺôãȻ׷һġ

˭
ôˣô
ʶûмǴҲ

·˴ӿʼľ棬ϰߣȫˣȻΪһƶûжˡ

ȸϡ

֪Ϥ̧ͷ̤ײ۾һ˲ػ֡

ԭأղôˣĪ˳ڣѰˣ

δڣѾ֪б㶵̧ı




58.  ʮ   Ҫô

ĽǰϦ, һҹѩȴǶԺȸ, ڣϵĻѩء

ѵ磬Ľܷһ, ˣۿ齡

ĽܼҪһĴ, ʱѶˡĽЦһ׷Ź, һѾͽ˳, ͷȥ

Ϣ   , ֱС˵Ҫˡ

Ľƽ˺һһ仰, ǵñЦùٷ, ȥ

˺һ󣬱ЦڱŶ⼸СӣĽܲ, ֻܽʣžȻСӸϽȥܾģ

Ȼ, ʵվѾɾˣΪ˽ܾʮΪ׼˸Сѡ

ЦЪ£شӱ첲, ľգ

ľӦ룬յˣʱ磬ô˯ģܹУǿԶ˯һ

ǳǳһЦȴǲ
ҪĽ׼һϲΪ˲ݾߣ뷨ȴûʩС

ݲţպľȥ˳ŵóΪǳ˲ӣվһţ븣

ôˣһӴЩʡ

̨߽˿Ǹɾģ⡣

κʱ֪ǶҪЩˮģֻҪ֣һֻۣһֻۡ

żţ˻ɣɫǣЦǣҪģֻѧʳ֪λãɷпս̽ң

ȺҲ˾֪ҲģʱһЦ˵ﻰɷūˣ˼Ȼѧūڡ

΢ֿʶ֣˵ҧĽֵģ֪Ǻϣ

ūϣǳĹֹ֡

ѹǣŽչٲ飬£ΪĽЩʳ

Ǳлˡ

ֵ˱   лȴǻ̻̲˿ҪѧЩʳūΪ˽Щ򵥵ĸ֡

æ˺üʱδгɹȴǽ͵Σʱ˼СݣѾǾ棬Ľ죬Ҳ֡

ɩɩҲ̫ɵˣҲ˵ĲͺˣαҪѧأĽ迴ݣЩֱӡ

汱ҩĽĻ̧ͷһۣȻСѾͷСѾͷͷʵ˻Ҫ𣿡

ϵҪҪҪѧˣȻҪǲˣҩűá

ǲ⣬ͷ

ú뿪ˣĽһȤҲˡǰǾǷޣͲˡ

Ͱա

ĴŶ׼ʱ󣬷ʵ쿪ѧģģֻһ㡣

-

ĽܴӾܴӪȴȥ鷿£ǣȥԺ

ݣûӰϺСѾߵϵȲ裬ü㣺أ

Ϊԥ֪ڳ˵ͼҪСҪϲġھ֪ڳҪµˡ

ҪСѣʵЩң͵͵СѾһƣСѾ߻󣬶̣˳ȥ

ĽȻŲˮ⻹ǿСѾߵƣ˷ԸˣҪ

ǲܹ֪ġ

ǰֻ㣬룬ϣҸ˼Ҽˣãƽϲ֡

ԣʱȦӿۿͷȻŬˣﻹڲסˡ
ʣС˱߳𣿡

ĽŲ豭ΪǷ

ǡ

Ĭ˻ֵСȥ߳ǣū   

ĽһܲµΪλ뷨Щֻû뵽һŮӣȻġ

ҴӦ˳磬չ㣬ȥ߳ǣһȥȥˣҶȥֻǣľ𣿡

̧ͷᶨؿЦлСūѾˣ

Ľܲܸ˳Ĺǲӣ߻Ҫ뿪Щ

ٺú룬綨ȻҲϣ

ʱԺﴫӦǷȥСѾȥţ˹

Ȼᣬ۾﷢죬һʱȥıһ۱㿴ˡ

ΪĽܹ㣬ϸһ룬ĽܲǼɫ֮ˣӦΪ¡

Ľܱϣ࣬ȥɡ

ԣ񣬻˳ȥ

ȥˣʣܣôˣʵ֮ǰĽܣйˡ

ĽܵûҪűǰһ磬սҵ˰жȥˡ

ֻǱҶ䣬Ľ⣬

㣿롣

ĽܵͷǰиңдŻѰչ

ԭˣֲýǶ𾴣Ҳȷʵֵ𾴣롣

ų磬𣿡𷽲ŵ龰ʵ

ǣȥ߳ų磬ҲΪǺ£߳ǳԸ⿴ġĽܵ

ƽ￴ʮƽû뵽ﾹȻ˱˵£Ҳ˵ܳѾȥ꣬ꡣ

ЩӣȰȰȰǾգҲȫǡ

Ľף   Ҳֻˡ

СˣҪţľǱȰźõġ

ɡȻĽܣܣȥš

˵꣬սڣǣĽƫºһ

С

ĽЩؿⲻƽճԵĲɫѵջвͬι֪ԭĲͬ

ϸϸƷζδζȴѾþˣЩζǳ˳ӣǳճ⡣

űһڴ뵽ǻԺ´˲²⣬ȴǲţȻ³ˡ

ôʡ

Ľܲɫζûиı䣬ֻ㣬ǳԳ֮ˡ

ţƽ𡣡

ϲһѾҲΪˡ󣬱ȻҲţȴǲʱ͵Ľܣǵþһ˿ʣ

㣬ǼΪóԣ⣬ǵúúӡĽܺ

⻰Ȼűֵ̫ˣѾˡ

㣬Ҫôأ

Ľܿ룬Ȼᱧ˱һߣһЦǾ㱾ޣΣ




59.  ʮ   Ͼ ꣩

Ľܽѹʱ, һ΢˳ȻֹŰɴ, ˺üȦ

˲񣬾ֻ˻ΣЦûµ, һСˡ

Ľܶһ֣ڴ, Ժٽ

ͷĽҪ, æ̧סһ£һиҪ, , ܱܲ۾
Ŀ⺬Ŵˮ۵׽Ц, յľϲδֻǻҪĽܵϡ

ĽŻҪ, ΢ҹĪʲôӣ
   ûжʣĴָָ˴İɴϲ˲, ƽϣ˳ر۾

齣ߵױ̨ǰ, ӺóһʲȷĽܻڱ۾ЦŽϵϵĽϡ

, Сۿˡ

Ľۣ齣Ѿܵ䶯۾ֱǴơ

һֻɫɰϵ䣬գڻơ

ü΢Ҫȡ

æס֣֪㲻ϲɰֻװƽӦңҪȡ£òã

Ľ϶ͣס˼һ˲סȡͲȡˡ
ֻһˣǲϲɰǽɰ˱𴦡

֣ĻһֻɰƼá

һֻīɫĺɰǰĶ
ؽӹɰϸϸɰԵĥأǾ˰С

˭˵ҲϲɰˣĽܺȻЦϴβǾ˵ˣˡ

㡭ʵģһĿȻȻǽɰշϣֺʡ

һʣεºܣܵϲ

ĽܿۿЦסͷؿڣḧţο˰ңΪҪΪ³ҪҺɰ

Ҫˣ⻰ֹסˣԭ˽Լһɶ

ૡ

Ľܴԭǣм껹սϣͰÿҪˡ
ʣǰȥ£Ϊƽˣ

Ŀڴͷĵ׷̡
ĽãȴϷʵֻһƽδЩ̫ˣأ

̫𣿱šüЩҲû뵽ʲ

˵ǲǸòЩĽܵѾ˳ϣĦڱ磬ӡ

ֻѪҺһ㣬ɫͨ죬δѽ齱ߣһʱ֪òõͷǷҪӦ

Ѿɾˣ𣿡   

ĽСӣڰԺУȻ˳Ľܵ⣬˵ͷ

˫˫齼䣬ɢ䣬ס˴ɫ

ϡɫµԺӰ涣ɪɪмŮӵǳ䡣

-

磬ɩɩˣ

һ磬ĽڵԺλˣҪȥ׼ֻȵͣӰ

ػ˼Ȧɽ꽫ǣ˺Ժ԰

ı⣬ҪҪֱǣԺģľպַȰ˵ֻôͷ

磬ɩɩҴʲôö

磬ɩɩ

ĽһлʮҪ˶죬ӻԼԺȥ
δѣַЩ˺ҹŷŹڽ壬Զһ

ȴʱʱųһ̲ͣ
ĽѾ˱䣬Ǳˡ

ӣﹰ˹µʣôˣ

磬ɩɩˣ
ĽǴ㲻˳ѣĲˣ͸ͳȥѾϵ˽գȻٵˡ

գļ£Ľܺͱ˳ȫŶ񣬹൱ʵĽɫĽ裬ֵһĶ

ĽӣôףⲻǸ׼
һһ磬ɩɩҹ

ĽܰӵűߣԺѾҲȥȥո֣ϡ档

԰ڿĽ񣬱˿ĽɫΪĽ赣ġ

һƥëɫڷе˦ųβ԰ʣļɫˡ

Ľв֪ؿǣ磬Ҹ㱸ϺõǧԣôǲǺܾϲ

Ц˵ˣ԰ӵѾ⻰һͷЦֲЦ̵ܡ

Ľ侲˻ʣĽ裬˵˵ǴĶŪģ

һСէȻʢҵһƥϺõԣ˵ĽܣҲ֪

ǴӺ褵Ľ   Ȼסҧҧ⣬ЦŻ˵ǴһǶģġ
˵꣬ԼûôӣֵģҸġ

褣Ľɫǵá

Ҳˣ褲ฮСӡϽ֣ײǸСӡ

Ľ֮ǰʶǸȥĹӣĪǾǺ褣

Ľæ֣ԣⲻҪ磬Ҹ£Ҿˣ

ĽɽɫתҪܣײһӰ̧ͷһܻбŽЦǡ

ĽݺݵһۣתĽܳĿ⣬תͶȥȵĿ⣬ҡҡͷ
ʵ˵ôʶ褣ôģĽܵ

ǡʱĽץס˾ݣһܹȥ

壬

ѾʵûסЦĽܵıЦֱĽʮΣǲȻ΢

ĽҪ֮¡ЦʢǰͣһƬƽʢУ

Ͼ  ꣩




60.  ʮ   

괺, Ԫѽڣٹͬ, Ӱܶ
ʢ㷱ÿҪϼأϰΪ, ȴԴ̻
̻Լشգڲ֮, ʢѤùʣðշ󻶺, ȸԾ

Ľ, ǳʢ, ᲻գۣʧһ˲
Ľվ, һЦ˵, Ҳǳι̻

̻ˣȺɢĽűƼһС̯, ɩɩ
Ǵһ, Цʣɩɩòÿ

ʵڿɰЦͷһȡ

ݣÿÿ

Ⱥ, ׷ױ࣬Ҫ׶Ѿ۶ϵӰ   δ壬˺ѾԶȥˡ

ĽܼʱĽ軤㳯Żʹķȥ˼

˭ţ
ǣϴŵĻǺҵСӡ
԰԰Ͻ֣ײСķˡ

Ⱥ߶ܿ㽫֧֮ԺٴһƬ󣬾С

ĽѾǵüСʣҵСӣɩɩ˵ĿǺ褣ײ𣿡

ĽתͷƳһĽ衣ĽһۣŲµӦˡ

ֲãȥ֪ʶ˺褣͸ΪҲǴӺϵʱǰ㲻ˣһ²ţ赶Ūǹ궼̤벽
ԭôһ褣Ǻ

ɩɩû°ɣĽ达űӣʵ
ҡͷʲôأǶ֮ǰˣûˣ޴󰭣ֻˮ˶ѡȻˮҲȫǺ褵Ĵ

˵ɣ뵽ʱ֮գЩ£Ľǲµ룬ֵ˹ս

ĽƼɩֵǷӣͷﳯĽ˵һ䣬ߣ˾

磬ɩɩҺɽȥǱ߿ǲùңһԼظģĽ԰գһקɽǰµӮƵĳӡ

裬ĪҪԶˣЩظ
ĽȴǲģȻаȥٻظ

֪ˣĽһƬдŲ

ܣ㻹ȥĴҴȥתʣ   Сʢʢ㾰Ѽֲ֣ĽܻؾĵһԪڣȻҪ

Ļ̌üЦð֪˿ĴȥΪȥƣ
һģͷС

תѡһߡ
ԼıĽ跽ϵޣĽܵǰźߣֻסϲ
Ȼô˽ĵģĽ˺ÿһȻҪһЩôȫڵأ

ĽܿźȾɫĺߣüͷʮֲϿھֻܾһ顣

ǿЦ⣬΢Žż⣬߸ȥһȻʺϣֻʣ±˹ƻ

ÿģ̇Ц
Ľܴ͸߿޵߸ϣֽĶ󣬲ŷ֡

ӺͷˣǼ˲ӣáߵͷۿŶˣЦݿ

лϲ

սĽܴ˳ǽϣԼĪȺȥϴ֣ǽϵֻϡ輸ӰŮЯԴߣٯٯ

ܽҹɫԶ⴦ȥԶٵһƬֻϡӰζȥʮ֣ƻͨ

ֻ⴦ʤڲ徲ܼʮﷱܿһڣ˲һѼ֡

ԶʱطҸ߸߾𣬸ҽɽ־Ҳ൱ʱһĻ

㣬һ·ϣһȺǣĽҾ˹⡣   

ˮ·ͨǴΪĵط

ĽܽڵסĬǸ䲻֪Ц⡣

ܣأĿʣǲСϰ䣬øࣿ

Ľʱ֪˶ٷӣ߳īͱ֮٣󽫾һŭ֮£žʦѧģϰ䣬Ȼֻǰʱս£ĽǱһԡ

Եɺʶһλˣġʺѧ䣬֮־ڴ˴ᣬɡ

λսʦ󣬱뿪ˣҲѰ٣಻֪ܷټһ档
ԳʦԺ󣬴󽫾㲻ԼҲͿʼ켣ڷﶼǡ

֪ҪӹĽҾĻǴս⣬ؾҲ⣬ⳡУľϲ

ãҴˣһͨûܶ
֮£ס

ĽܺȻšһĽȴֲӻãŵʣҲһô죿

ӽʹһ£˼ҲشúЦ˵Ҵȥ

Ľܶãתۣ´ģ㲻һҲȥ𣿡

һ죬Ҳȥúûţκ˺գĽˣԽȢޣһжˣȥ

Ľܽת֣صͷЦȻᣬһҪȶԺ󣬱ÿһ·

-

Ԫ   
ε۴ƫ֮ϣף˵ɣ£ǹˣ

ϣްˣ
ϹŵˣǸߵİǸղŴˡ

˵ʲôεһİͳ˵ÿģ

ܣܻùȫԵлֻܹ֮ҪҰĸ֪ϡͷ

ϸϸ˵ô᣿ε۱۾һĸչãŴجģǱ

ĩҴ̴׾Σ췴߱ɱ֣Ϻλù¼裬ӽԾˡǰµȶҪŴϡ

еմѪĽѪ˫־ٹͷ̳½ӹ󣬿첽ʸεۡ

εۻ򿪣۱ĸ֣Ѫɣ֮ͨƪ־ҰģᵽձҪ£ս¡

µʬؾ¶٣һ·׷ɱ뾩ֻһˡ

˵ε࣬Ϊ˱ȫϸ֦ĩڡ弴λ¼޸ܣԸǿռӡ

£裬׵Ļ׾ˣ棬Ľضȫ˹ϡ

֪ˣε£Ŀ⳯һãȥɣš





61.  ʮ   

, ΢ǵһƬ£ٹٽԲԡ

ù, εָʳָ㣬, ּ˳Ľ¡

½, ǰɤӺ   ּ

ٹߵ, ꡣ

ʮ³, ް, һ£, ѳʹ, ׷Ϊʵ¹£ٹͬ, ɥա

꣬ǧǧǧǧꡣٹ

ε۶ؿŹһٹ٣һ, Ųӽڵ

ٹĽͶȥ˹񣬾Ͳһжˡ⼸ֹϡ

Ͱһ߹ļ磬۹ĺ, ߹˵һ䡰ηɾ

ĽܾȻ޻

Ⱥɢòˣκ˺ͲŴսܣ̽̽Ͽڷ磬ĪҪڱ¶

Ľףһκ˺͡Ա֪뱱ҵĺһѾ߽⣬սҪˡ

½ڵ񣺡κˣСС¡

Ľܳκ˺͵գҴȥǡ
κ˺͵ͷȥɡ

Ľ߽ԪʱεۻڶѪ飬һһ񣬺Ʋ֪ĽѾˡĽಢδڵվá

ֱε̧ͷˣ

Ľлһ¡

ε۽Ѫ룬һԵľϻУʣܣ˵˵£ô

ĽܾĬ˻εҲ㹻ʱ

ˡֱԣΪԣºƻ߹سٷսңΪֻعΪ˱߹ذհĽҾ̤ƽһԭ

Ľˣκ˺ͷ̽һε۵Ŀڷ羿սǺͣ㣬һ˲䣬Ҫίġ

ϸһ룬ĽҾʱųˣҪͣǾҪʥ
ȻᣬҪ   ۣĽҾľġ

ε۳Ĭ˺һ۵ζ⣬ɵ󽫾ĽչߣǴľԵһԴΪס

ҪڵĴͷҰˣܾưոݣ

ҪıĽ̬ܵȣΪĻʹĽҾοһΣĽܵߣ͵ٸĽҾһλᡣ
սٻش󽫾Ľգ֮ˣᡣ

ܣѪ˵Ѿˣλֻ²þͻ£߳ǲΣ

Ľ˵ھмţұҺ䣬ֻȻ߱ɱֻ֣ҪѰͷ׵ĵģ˳٣һӦþ佮ˡ

Ľܻصȹ̣ŷﶼڣʯ뵣ǡ

㡭ˣȻȥɣ޻ּ󽫾Ҳʱˡε۰ֵ

Ľ뵽ˣҪֱϣ

Ȼȥɣ롣ε۳ԴĻ

ǡĽ֪ε۹ǣҲԼĹǣҪظ밢¡
лᣬҪ

-

ĽںԪʱϢѾ˹½Яʥּڽӵ£ӹſһ·ǽϣǸԶǵڵʥּһ顣

ظߺǧǧǧǧꡱͬʮױһ㡣

꣬մʪ½󣬻вˣҪΪɱġ

գĽ͵ܳһգǡ£ʥּ˻һ·ܻ˽

ڱ߳Ъţɴ󽫾ͳأĽ纼һ档

Ľ轲׵壬Ľ֪Ǽ޸˱ҵĴ󺹣һʮͷԼһ뱱ңΪΪ

Ľڱǵ֮£߳ǣʱųֵСĽʼӴ ˡ

õӣҲ纺ĽܣϸлĽԼķʽԼȤ֡

֪ҪսʱĽŵҪȥ˺׶յĵ洦̣Ϳ̿

ĽŽ³ޣ纵Ļ˵С֮ʹȫҵƻ𡣺һ˵Ľ㣬͸

ֻһ겻㣬ȻѾˣʥּвδἰԵɣĽΪһǱ˱ˡ

-

ĩ´յ񣬱ڽЩһһ⣬㿴Ľ輱ҳҪ˺¡

Ľһͷɩɩްˡ

㶣ʣ裬ĶϢ

ĽѾ˵ϻɽطˣϽ֣ʥּްţٹͬɥա

ȻθһģæƿĽ裬Ż

ɩɩôˣĽæı
δ³ʲôֻǲŻ¸ӿ

ˣľͷϻƣ嵽ߡ
ľַסĽһͬϣյһˮݸ

죬ȥιø̵۽ԸСѾߡ

ܿ죬СѾ̵۽˿ڣֻźȻֵһģɢˡ

̧ۿĽ赣ǵο裬û£ҪģѾöˣԼĪǳʳԵЩˡ

ĽڷɩɩŻˣ
ԭĶްˣֱȻţû

裬£ȻѾˣ棬Ҳ˵һֽѡǵȴֹס꣬Ϊ̾Ϊʹ裬ǹɥȥؾ

԰գ̧۵㣬Ըȥװʳذ£عߣֵһ䡣

Ľգè壬ºˣȻ⣬ϻͬλӣб˽ңʮ̰˳һˮ

ԼĪ   ˹ЩǾȻʮǰ㿪ʼĿֽš

󣬽֮ȫϳ˽뾩׸

ǣˡתȥǵˡ

Ľԣɩɩȥһѣ㡣
ɽ߳Ժ

Ҳľź£һۣճϣҩ˽

ˣǳʲô£Ѿҡ

Ҫܴǣȵι˸ո˺һ󣬵ʲôҲû³ƣǳԻ˶

յĻһֳۣűСȥ

ιѵ

ջߣҩеóƽϣˣ

ֻ󣬴ϣ潫ָȥ

Ѿȫû˶ĸУֻƽֻ˵Ļȴˡ

ˣѾˡ

棬𣿡ʡ
һջһҲ

ϲˣϲѾ

һ˲䣬ϲõ侲£߳ǱȻҪˣĽ

£⴫಻ĸС룬Ը侲Ը




62.  ʮһ   Ӧң

˱Ļ, üͷҲûжʡ

ϸ˶Ҫſģ·ݻС, һаã˼ǹࡣ֮һдһʳף, Ӽ𣬷˳ʳʳ

лι

ھĬ˻ľȻʾСѾ˳ȥ, ֻһź

Ѿִ֮ϸ, ǲ⡣
ʣ˵˼, ҪһС, ֪ҿɷһ䣬Ϊʲô

ڽ, ̸ֻСζδ˵ǲͻǳ, ΪҪС
˵ⲻϲ

̧ۣιʱ˵£

ͷ, ղԺ·   ڰŸǵɥˣ˼䡣
кιϵ
һɻű

Խ͵ް, ҺʹĹϵתδ֪Ҫս£ιãСΣ

Щ˽, ȴҲ֪ͱ´ˣСȻҪȥġ

Īǣ

Щ飬ͷСҪȥ߳ǣҪսҲܵ·಻ܳΪĺ֮ǡ

ĻﲻֹȻҲľеɻ󣬷ǶûŪΪһϲ£ȴҪҴš

ˡЩ

Цţֻʱ룬ָҺʹ첻СҲȥ߳ǣʱȻ

ƽ̹Сֵĸоַ·ֹסϲôĵӿǵĺӣĽܵĺӡ

Ӧûܸˣϸ㣬£գԸˣ
ҲǣҪˣڲҪô죿

ѾϰߣϰߵֻҪһ뵽Ҫߣʹֹ
Ϊһ

ù󣬱ŵιұܣҪСҲҪ߰裬ԣ˵©

죬ҪȰȰȴ֪οڣǴӦá

-

Ľٴνʱڰ쳣˵Ȼֵֹؿ˿ľգƺܿߡ

ֿ˿
֪ʱѾָ糣ЦˣɺЩˣ

˵һĽܾЩֵֹģ˵ֻ֣óڵһȥ
ν㣬ɩɩôˣ

   ҩûд󰭣Ľʷˣһ£иˡ

Ľ豻⸱ҭ޻˵ֻòÿͨ·뿪
˺棬ʣɩɩνôˣѵˣ

˵꣬Լҡͷ񶨣ûаЩ춼ûˣˣɩɩû°ɣ

ҡͷû£νҲûӦ£Ҫϡ

Ľ衰Ŷһ⣬ϵżʵʯקһ

ɩɩҸʯ˵ʯǶӶรɩɩЩСֶ档

ľվȿϵЦҲ΢һ˲ֲźۼؽӹһĶǣĪҪϹ˵

ĽЦŶϵĶȴδͣ£һСݸĶϹ˵أܿҪȥ߳ˡ

û˵ȥҲɩɩڻ֪ЩһձһգԴǻżܿҪˣҲЩϾ˵¡

ⶼǴĶ֪ģűǼ⣬Ľʮ꣬Ҳû˸Щô˽⣿

Ľ𼸿ʯιģҴϿİʢС飬ɱȱ߳ǰù»Ȥ

˵С飬ǾĻӣĽܽһ£ǿɽÿѹ໰Ӷȹģӣôᰲһ¡

ٿЩ飬ѧЩʫʷϣȻѵӣ١

֪ˣ֪ˡĽ躬ŴӦɩɩҲӦ˵

ɩһĽܴӹ£µ   Ƕ֪ˡ

ĽЦ£磬£ʯ񣬿Щ

ĽܿӣʯһŴţ˵ɣʲô£Ҫܸɩɩ鷳ȥܽ

磬ôĽĿһֱôԣʲôʱɩɩ鷳ˣˣҲˣ

ĹĽĽֱߵʯŵǰɩɩˣԣߣʶġ

֪ˣֻҪ棬Ҫ䣬̿ľҲȻʧЦ
ָȥһĽܷڰϵӣᰢˣġ

ȻΪ

ˣĽܻɫģűûϵû鷳ܻ´Σ͵ǰ˵ˡ

Ľһһؿڣִ˺ü£ûеʹȥҧгݵãҿɼסˣڳɩɩ֤´£Ҳҡ

ĽбƳȥ㻹´Σ

Ľ裺
طܴ

˵˵͸򲻹ˣôɽתˡ

ľռ״Ҳ˳ȥֻʣ˷޶ˡ

˵㣬ôǸȥŶأҪˣ£˵ӹȥ

Ľϰˣ豻ʱǶڽɪɪ˵ҶǺ䣬ܻһ䡣

ȻòµʱĽѣһֵӣȻǽ˺Ľܷ˼

ӦλˡԵ

Ľ£ŷӦ˵ķָ˭װ㷽 Żʲô

Ȼһδ󽫾ͷˣھͻ˳ƺδ̫ðȻˡ

ĽЦõģҪ˶ãҾͻȥǡ

ȻĿһͣ⻰˼ˣԭҪر߳ǣǡ

ܣʺʹңպ󱱵ٷΣָΣ

ĽǵЦ⽩סʹ壬ȥϺ󣬷Щ£Ȼ׽

»ʺؾԴֲֻᣬĽҲֻüװ֪ĬĬ

˵£ﻹǶµûţϴβ£Ҫȥ߳ǣѶٽʢˡ

˵СǽȻҪұңʢʤ

˵⻰ʱЦⲻֺ֣γ֪Ľܲʢʢ㲻뿪

ԣܵ·ҲΪ˴ѡ

οУ۳Ͷ٣ȥ߳·Զܱ֤ᶯ̥

ҡ

㲻Ҫ˵˵ܣһʢúõչ˺Լչ˺ð裬㲻ҪŸе£ҶܴãֻҪңӦң𣿡

Ľܶһ

á




63.  ʮ   üһ

תۼѹ, ǼƺǶĽղûἰ, ἰ

ʥּδ£һջ, ÿһյĽҪߵǰһ

ĽҲȥܴӪ񽻽ӵ˸, һͬ¶յ֣Ҳ˴Ǳ𣬴˺Ʋ, Ų

Թ֪̬, ǱְӲĽ, εѹȥ󣬱㲻ٶԡ

, Ľܱʱʱ̿ڱߣӳ㳤, һΪױ棬̲ס   Ҫ࿴, ܽװ۾

ӿҪһΪüȻ
վú˰벽⻰ҸС, ˸

Ц˰գĻӽ, ϸ»ܻҪȥˣɲҽü콻֡

㣬ĪҪͷСЩˡЦ

ֵѰռҪΪüģūǳֻ֪ɷԸΪӻüȻǽ˷ļϡ

Ľԣѯ㣺Ҫô

ǹĽ£Ҳ֪ôˣƽǰأվȻ

㽫üУһ߶һߵֻ轫üһˮȻڷüһ裬⣬±ҪԽԽᣬβҪϸ

ʾһ󣬽ü콻ĽУĽüӹ
Ȼָ㣬Դ˵һ֪⣬顣

ΣҲƽˣԣԣǻòãǲػѣҲ뿴ܻʲô

ܣ㲻Ҫ»ˣԲġС

ĻĽִ죬üǡ˲ܵһĨˮմĶЩҲ΢ˡ

ӣЩ⣬⴦Щȣ˵üͺܺÿֻӵɫãעⲻҪȾѵ



ϸָ£üĽ֣֮ȲöׯҲģ

뵽һΪŮӻüϸͭ￪ģĵس޵ܣܺÿģӿɽ̰

Ľܼ⣬۾һϸͭеݣü򭣬ȷʵ⡣
Ȼ츳һʾΪ׼ġ

Ľ룬ǲֻ֪֪һգü·סһ㣬һͼ

ϣ   ڻʱָ⻹ü۴ת

ʧЦܣ뽫𣿡

Ľʱ֣·ȥѾѧˣǲ˱»ȥԺ㻭ü

նֳڣĽ齩Ӳһ˲ʶűֻûзȻЦٻٻ̧Ӧð

ĽĿһͷľ䣬ૣԲ𡣡
ȻЦʣܣպ˺ӣϣΪһˣ

һĽܺϢڱѣز˲䡣

һʲôʣкأ

Ҳһ

һ͵˴󽫾ˣЦ

ǾͲˡĽ

ֻЦûټʣǣ֣ƵС

ĽܻȻ̧ͷϲʣ㣿
װûʻѵý˵ܣСӵˣЩʹůů

ĽỳĻϣƽڱС

ŵľϲɢͬʱЩңûҪ뿪ʱУҪһ˶ȹʮ£ȥ롣

ҲֵĽ֮ܵϣӣܵ𣿵ﶼܰ㡣

ԭ㣬ĽΪ֣˵̫ɣǷˣֱա

-

үЩȥүͷѾ˺þˡκ⣬ӱĽܡ

ףЯĽܺĽ裬ϤСǰԺ
һ·ǶЦ񣺡ˣүã

κԽںԺС׷Ϸ֣ԶԶƼǽһȷûϴźܹ

㣬򣡡

ֱֱײڿɾסһײæȥκԽǰͣĽϡ

㡣κԽĽܵȣ̧ͷ   Ľ裬Ŵ

򣡡Ȼһ
ԭĽܾĺ죬
֫ڿһĽȤʱκ˺͹ʱڻ

͵͵Ľһ¡

ĽܽκԽۼڻ໽

һں˵ǣɾˣѾǴŽλǣȻĽ裬´ľʱ

ĽƵκǰǰܵãĽ裬ǻͺá

Ľ踣Цü䣬һѣκκĸǰ裬ðȻǰˡ

Ͼδ龩󽫾Ʒȥ˱߳ǣֵ˸ŮҲ˵ùȥ࣬ЦĽ裺ţţǺúӣ

Ȼ£ȴʮ־ˣĽκ˺Сüκ˺ͱ⣬ǼлҪĽ˵ȥ鷿

ͱĽɢȥ˷ԺκԽҲСӸ뱱˻ĽκԽԺ֡

ܵ¿ɶˣʱߣʡ

ڽǰҲжαװ⼸ۼۣۣһͷ˽ 

ḧŰοĪҪģܹﻹھǣǾúˣͻסţҲ

һˡ

ĵһæϣҹˣˣĪҪٿˣΪҪ

ˣûи

ԣϸһ֪ĽܵԭѽİõĹô¶㲻⡣

ڣˣȥչ㣬ĪҪ˼룬ſġ

-

鷿ڡ
Ľܺκ˺ͽٴ

ܰȻ⻰˵Ȼ޸㣬ҲԸ⿴Ϊã˷սˣȰȰ󽫾աκ˺͵ȭ

ԣ   ĽܳĬá

ε̬ԣȨҪջء֪߳ǾƽţȴǳٳٲּĽܳڸʩѹ󽫾ġ

һս½εֱٴ󽫾ؾҲζҪǿȡȨֻҪ󽫾ʢ췴

󽫾뾩ϽȨҲĺ֮ǣε۳˱ȨǲŹǡ

Ͼûлƾ󽫾ĽھеţҲһӦεȻɵĴڡ

⣬ĽϵϵƻĽҾܳƵĽҾ

áĽܳӦ

κ˺ĻɿҲҪΪԼŮ㡣

Ľܵϥأκ˺˴񣬹ֵ֮󣬻չ˺ðڴˣл




64.  ʮ   Ľ뾩

ʷ, 괺󽫾֮Ľܣ뱱Һʹһͬ뾩, ͬ¼ޱңɺ֮ơ

괺ѳ, Ľ뾩أ˧ĽҾ, ֱ뱱һԭ

-

Ľߵգûȥ, Լղסװδ, ܵ, Ϥ´¡һ£һǡ

, һ

ĽŲԽԽԶֱ, ۣ齣ߵߡŴ߳Ժ, ˵򴰱ʱûж㡣

ŴֽǾ

ù, ܳĽܡ

ӣˡ

Ľת뿪δͣ, ͣ¡ͣˣͲˡ

ǽڻڵϣϥûᣬ˵ʱ˲ܿޣ᲻

ܿޣҲޡ

֪˶ãŵ׷ȫȻѣкӣǽվ߻齱ߡ

ͷ£Ľܷµʲһīɫɰǰ͸Ķ£ϵ΢΢̴ζϤְġ

սɰ˶۾ƽľ󣬲Ŵ˺ɰȻһֽš

ȡ򿪡

ް
Ժʼ顣ͻ飬Ȣ   Ϊޣһ֮ҡɺ񰮣֮ͨϲԱ
ңΪҹδΩԸޣƽϲ֣ң˼飬ϲǧꡣ

޵ģ᲻ʹס˫ۣ˳ն£ֽϣȾ´شۡ

ĽܣĽܣĽܡ

ĵĺȴ·˻ߡ

ܾ֮󣬱̧Ѹɡŵã·ɰֽɰ뻳Уᣬ·һϡ䱦

齣ñӹԼǵĺӣҪǵĺƽҪԼӣԡ

Ųŷ֣СǴʹʱæľա

ľС齱ߣɫ԰ףϸ֮£ľŵˡ죬գȥι

һת˳ȥľַ뱻ӣοˣιܿˣһûµģһûµġ

ܿ죬ҩ䣬һ·˽ӱͳָȥ

ﻺ˿ûãտŽŻˡ

˷̥дһŷӣȽſСȥץҩó˶˹

սң˱ʱ鰸ǰ漸д·ӣݸգձܳȥץҩ

ٴңűЩ̣Ϊã˵ػֻǶ̥´أǷ˲ҪӣֱԸңҸ˿̥ҩһøɾӡ

ιľԣæֹ

һۣСֻȥ̶ѣ˭֪СıȻȫȫβĻ˺αǣ

˻Ҫƽ뽫Сһԣ泩򣬲˵ңҲһܱס

ţ֪ˣιһúõģúºӣúõ

ȹҩ󣬱ĸʹʧҩЧĹϵҲܿ˯ˡ

ľûоˣ廹Ѷ˹
ԭȥץҩ   Сҩƹ˵ǰ̥ҩﲢûд˻еϢ룬Ǹ塣

ʱѾ˯ľѾ֪ǰ̥ҩСҲˣû⼸յĴ㶼˵塣

Ŀ۵ỨĨˣһ䡰չ˷ˡ֣Ƕȥ

-

Ľܻؾʱ˽ĽҾͼ޸ȥ˰µİ֮ǰĽھܴӪţ˷ҲҪĽһͬر߳ǡ

޶Сڱ߳ǣҲջر߳ǡ

Ľʱڸȥ˳ǽĽܣĽܴܺĽҾԶˣŻ˳ǽ

Ľǰӱ߳Ǵİ˶ɽϣְĽ衢ɽ붡˼棬ǵ񣬱ΣýκһԱΪء

Ľ軺ߣĽܶĶˣѾһҪɩɩ

˼뵽ܻɩɩģֻˣȷʵˡ

ظʱûȥԺǾֱȥԺ棬ųһ亹ν㣬ɩɩˣ

ҡͷ˯ˣľţԽȥЩҪ

ĽԣŽң齣ľҪ񣬱ֹˡ

Ȼ۾ѿǿ޹ˣ۽ЩףѪɫǷף̲סۡ

һת߳ҡѾˣҲصԺһ

-

ԺС壬ڵһ

ô˼Ҹæʵ壬ң£

ι˵Ǵ򣬷ѾΪС˿ҩˣСл˵ţҪ

ȵίʵˣ˺СסڽǴ񲻹Ǿ΢֮ģҶڽֱƽ

Ĵ㣬ΪҲֻΪ뻹˱Ķ飬ֻΪ򣬼ȻˣȻҪͷ͵

ԣ£棬   뿪ڣԸҪ뿪һλסڸϡ

ˣ㽫ҪҩĲŵӣΪһҩţͲٵϵҩȥץҩˣֹȻ⣬ɼʱҩ

λ澪ˣû뵽˲ƴ֣ӣȻҪڸһҩ

ҩ𣿡ʣɢ൤һҩڼʱΪãʢȱٵطѾòҩˡ

ͷͺá

-

Ƽľæʣ˿ɺЩˣʹ𣿡

ҡͷʹѾɢˣֻɤӹθɣ죬ƵЩˡ

ľת˱ˮ˹ݸ£پ˲١

ˣЩࡣľӹϵˮºֶҪι

űδţǱó˹ÿһ»µࡣ

ľιţܣƽѾ߳Ҳֻʣľա

Ҳˡ

ȥ꣬Ľ˵º󣬱Ѱ˻Ȱ㣬㻹ǼᶨƣһҪȥ߳ǣ㲻Ȱ

ǰգҲĽҪȥ֮߳¸㡣㵱ʱֻĽܿͷһл˺͹ӳȫ

գĽˡ




65.  ʮ   

, ľ٣ʢ﷢ϲ˵¡

й»ʺһӣΪε۵ճ, εϲʤּ, Ϊ̫ӡ

Ҫ˵ŮĽˣʣ»ʺ, ʥŨг̫ӵ°, λȹʯ

һ, һ׮Ц̸

Ļ, ״Ԫͷλ享ԪǾֶ, ֻ̽İ

֪̽У, ĺãòҲϼѣϳ, Щһְֱֻ̯

ְ̼շ׷׹Լ׾ȻûƳô֪, ԼҹպҲǸټҷˡ

¶˲٣ֻ̽˵, ǣһλͷĻĹ̸Ц   лλ⣬֪мˡ

Ļ֮£Сһ죬֣ܳ˶ѶϽִȥˡ

֪æҾ׷ȥڴڴ׷ˣǣϣգȹζˣұȥס

һӦܽԺƷޣ𲽽պ󶨲ί

һߣŤ˵ʲôأ˭ӦҪ޸ˣ

֪΢һ£ɫƬ̽Ӳǣֵֶ˽򴽵㲻޸ң

̾ϢһľͷȻں߶룬ȴȥҵȥ𣿡

֪ԷЦȻԣҪȥϰݷһͬ󣬲ýƸ

ֿţЩֻǣҵܻʱˣܻ㣬߸ߡ

ң˵ϵġ

-

Ľ뿪ʢĵڶգ˽֪̥Ǻһۡ

ǣҲ˲٣ڽֵȰ£²齡

кǺϬ֪ףǰЩӦʱ򶼸ⰲ

ÿʱģḧС̲סĽܣǷ񵽱߳ˣսΣӦ

ÿÿ˵ģ˵⹫Ԩ

ȻûмԨС˵⹫⾴أֻ˵Ѿ

ԨܳΪīеʿһڵģµʫƪҲӰ졣

漣Ҳǧ

Щ漣еĺҲʼ˯һ룬˾ѾԺ˯ˡ飬ߣںñ߳ȥ

һռ˳ŻСʳԱ   ζָƣñθԺЩ

ĽҲչûǴ룬һһҩֻӲЩǺ۽ҩζ

¹󣬱齣پˬںԺ԰СգҲûһ·ϾߣҲ泩Щ

Ѿõòˣպʱʱע⣬ĪҪģԽҲòˣҪǣȥ

ԽҲֻǸĺӣҪ׵ʱ򣬱ţҲý

ûдԽҲˣֱҸϻκ˺֣Ż᷽Ľڸϡ

һ˵ȷʵаûмǸСһˣҲ֪ûп֡

ֵ´ʱ򣬿ԴԽҲˡ

ͷȱöЩһˣǴڽ˿࣬˵κ̰ͼǮƵȵȡ

Ҳãظ־ߣȻڣ£ܹǲġĳԽ˵ˣʹ㡣

šͷӦС

֮󣬽κձһ⣬ʱκԽʱᵥ

κԽ֪˺ʱĶӣ˺þãڽ󲻸ҳ

Խôˣ 

κԽߵߣͷڱϣ˵СҪСЩ

СˣǰԽκԽ˵СЩ

ʧЦǰԽԺͲСˣǸСˣԽ𣿡

κԽͷ

κ˺ҲΣ˶չ˺Լ֮⣬ЩϹĽܵϢġ

-

ת۾͵£̥Ҳˣκ¶˿ֻĽ軹СԺ

ֻһʼûʣҲԼͬأ뿴ʲôʱŻᷢ֡

ձ˴װȹĽϸ   һ󣬺ȻɩɩôţԲЩս㣬㿴ǲǣ

⻰һӵ˶ЦЩ㶣תɽ꣬ʵɽ꣬ôˣ

ɽظһͬãҡҡͷ

ִЦϸơ

ĽĻ۾ϸƣ߽תһȦɻĪۻˣž֡ԲЩ

ʹȻûпմЦ

Ľ豻ЦĪʼűӻ˻ΣɩɩǶôˣΪʲôҪЦң

ǣ֣ϷŵСϣ裬

ĽȻͷӦٳ֣ɩɩ㡭㣬Сֶˣ

ͷ̽Žַȥʵĵģ

ɩɩˣʲôʱֵģҸ֪кŮĽ·𵹶Ƶģһ⣬Ц춼Ҫֵˡ

˹ϣһһΪ𣺡ѾˣһǰѾ֪ˣкŮҾͲ֪ˣȻҪ˲֪ġ

ĽǼ⣬ɩɩ˵أںӻڸУȻǲ֪кŮֻǣȻһǰѾ֪ˣĪǼպҩΪӣ

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Ľչ˱Ȼ˶֪ţǶ֪ˡ

ѾûˣĪҪģԺɩɩᱣúӵġĽЩ𣬳԰ο˿һŸϸᡣ

ĽͷʣǣҸ֪Ҫ֪ˣһܸ˵ġ

ЦЩҡͷС֪

ΪʲôĽ費⡣

Цڱ߳ǣս·æֻڸ̥ǣĪҪٸ鷳ˡ

ĽüĬãñ˵öԣֺ   ԣ֮Ҳ˵ֻƵصͷ

ɩɩڸ֮ǰѾ֪ˣΪøߵ÷ģԹ

ҹĽϷţӦĻҪʱĽܣǾòף˾

ɽꡣỽһ

ɽ˯䣬

дһţ㰲͵߳ǣ




66.  ʮ£   

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ȵĺ

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ĽҾ̢ǡ
ĽҾֶȳǡ


̫ӵ¸һ, ߹رݱԴ̫ӵ¸, 𣬹磬ε۸, Ҳ൱¡ء

⴩˲Ĺװ¶еϢûдȥ, Ҳۡ

ľ, ʱ˹, ƫƫǸǻ, ǻ㲻Ҫġ

Ľ, þò½Ȼס˱ȥ·ЦţЦź, ￴ű

½ɰ

Ѱһ񣬲ַ½ȻƳһ

ʱվǰ½Ȼ, ѲǷ۵ĺѧʿĹĩСѡ빬ǴӶƷɡ

ǰ, ɱܿȴòǹֻܶƣһֱ

ľµǣȴҲֻĬĬţűһͬϥҳԣ»Ͻ͡

½Ȼ俴űٳûƽһĻĻ£ΪʧСķ֮λ٣ҹķǶƲ

ǶʱգĳƸΪޡҪˣֻԶ޳ֻ빬һ·

빬·ˮתǸ߸ϵĹ   ɣκأСΣսպҪͷ񣬹һɡ

վãСȿʼᣬҲϸúֱ˿ûơ

½ȻĵͿޢָףűϥǰĵ׵ʹк

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ֻ½ɣҾǹɣƽϣӦۣΪʳֺ뽫һǰˡ

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֪ʣ֪װϹҲÿ½ɣ롣

½Ȼ̧ȻתţҺûĽĽˣ

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½Ȼǹʮ㣬ԸĽ˾գ԰ҪʼˣĽ˿ɲҪʱʺɵ𡣡

վţȨףƽ˽£Ƕ½ȻΣҪһ䡣

ⲻ½ǸˣҪȥ԰Ҵһȥ

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ɰʩһ
½ȻҲƽ

Цֻ̣бλĽˣʧʧ𡣡

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⻰ǺȻˣͬУѹԶԶ½ȻסŹΪѵġ

½ȻţǹҪﱱͷű°Ǻˡ

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½ȻŹŮǳ԰ȥˣӰԶˣ覲ŵ˿½йڣҷſڵѣպǶЩá

ףлɣ½ǷһЩ죬պᾡܿ

󣬱һ߽ͬ԰ٵĽţȺ룬ûע⡣

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Ƿ˲죬ʣأˣ˿ɽ

ֵͷҽ˵£ҵѾͬˣ   ҺܿҪ޸֪ˣԺҲзˡ

ЦãҲΪˣ˰ʱ䣬ڽƹ

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ͼ֮䣬Ҳֻ˼һ仰仰ӦҲҪ˶ˡ

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Щһҩ˼ˣԼӣʺҩ裬ⳤģ˻᲻ʶ⡣





67.  ʮ   ҷ

Ҿ, ⡣
ĽҾӪʡ

ĽɳϣԶװƽĺɰ

, ǵƻӪʣѲʿԶ, Ļǻžġ

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Ľܲ˵꣬˳ֱǣ˹, ͷʹһڣȫͻϮ, ǿ΢ɾ衣

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Ľһۣҷˣֵ𣿡

ѲȻͳĬˣ˵ӦĽ߳Ͷ󽫾ΪǸְŷˣңڡ

ǰҲȷʵģ˭֪Ľ˺͵ӪʣȻһ·ˡ

Ҳֵˣһҷأ

Ļ̌ܲ۾ҹաأҰտͷϵ ¶࣬ɫӡɳϣµӰ

ɳС

ܣԭǻȥӪˡһ

Ѳתٺлϣû⣬عͷôʱˣôϣӪ㡣

ҳѳĽҾʦ˱Ҵֲʧǡ
񱱵ҷӦսƣĽܶδߣսʱ䣬ֲĽҾء

ȥڱʢһУֻҹӿʱ

ǰĽܴǣ󽫾ĽƺسǣٺлϸݣӪʡ

˭ʱˣⲻڵʱ򻹲ʮ·룬ͼӿЩ˹ʡջҪ·ٵЦűԹӻͳһˣѲҷ˵š

ٺлϻڱ߳Ǻ͸չµ³֮߶Ѧڱ߳ǳסԻʱŴӱ߳ǴѲ

Ѳӹţ͵͵Ľɫǻ˵ˣתˣԱһ£ǱĽܺöˡ

Ϊ˲̼Ľܣս˻ҹ͵͵

Ľֻŵʱ΢һ£֮Įؼ飬ƺֺһھơ

ټüŪָָۣĽܣʹѲôˣ

Ѳһֵ죬û£ˡ

л˵ĿһĽܣ߳Ǳ֪ˣĽûд˵еĺ֪˵ĽȥʢĽܺͱѽ⡣

뵽뵽֣뵽лȻӦѾûлؼˡ

ڱķϣԭȰĽܼ䣬ʵ벻ʲô˵߻ӪʣٳʱҲƣݸһʹ

лˬ죬ѲӦžƺײȥ

Ľܿ˴һľƺĬһ˲˹ȥ

ù󣬹ѲлϸԻӪˣֻʣĽܺ٣оܻɳ죬һɳӡ

󽫾Ҹ˵ɼðں棬Ҫһսٵ

Ľܵšһ

ٺȻƼĺɰ   Ц˵ܣЩ棬֮κԣĽ˷ʲôȻôŲ

Ľܻ񣬡ҷˣΪҪ

ҭһ˲漴٩ϻ˵úãҲǻῪģ˵أĽ

Ľܣ

ʢ

ȣģֻӣҳԱҲűټԺж㣬ʳˡ

ֺͳ뷽跨Щʻò˼ڣûθڡѾ߸ˣǴˣȴһȦ

ٳЩôҲҪΪ롣Ȱ

ɫҡͷ֣Բˡ 

ּ״ٱĪȥԣǾͲˡ
ԣСѾʰȥ

΢΢Цţ֣ûµģĪģ̫ˣȹЩӾͺˡ

ۣ⺢Ӷ¹ˣܵԼҪοǣﰡպĪҪίԼ

ĽҲżű⼸ɫԽԽһµСһʱҲ֪ôźá

ɩɩ

̧š

Ľֲ˵ˣץһ󣬽еİϡ

Ц裬˰ʱһ̾һ͵ңպʱܾأ

ĽЦ˭˵ûнˣΪɩɩͽܣҿ൱ģ㿴˭ܱȵùңνǰնˡ

ɩˮЦţľ߹ӣҪΪ̫ӵ°硭

ľû˵꣬Ľ˹ü㷳ˣҪʲôʲᡣ

űӲ㣬ȥ︰磬̲סֹ䡣

Ƴһۣס죬ŵ裬ŵĻԺ˵ˡ

Ľͷ鹬ǵĹأ֪ģոҲֻһʱ鼱Żˣ㲦Ҳ֪˵˻

ɩɩܲȥܷĵ¡Ľ赣ǵ

ҡͷģȥ

ȷʵ   ʺϽˣ˵㷺ע⣬һ½ȻҲҪɻġ

дһһţ͵ฮϣǸֵģ»ʺ

ûȥ磬ȴҲڹڶգ˵¡

鸮ҦĿ֮ɣˤڵأ˭֪ɻӣСպܱܲδ֪

º»ʺʱɿŽһ׮ء

ԭɾȻҦ˵⣬ĸҦϵѾߣҦݺױֽųӡ

Ҧϣֻ˵Ѫˡ»ʺȻȻҦ˲ɣΪҪ

Ҧսս˵ֻǡ

»ʺ״ֽεۺҦ˹

Ҧ˲֪󹬷£ֻ˵£ӡģҲǵȷʵҹһѾߣѾ毺ãѰˡ

⻰һͥԺķˣ˭²ʵֻ࣬ԣǾʵ

Ҧң̱ڵء

»ʺŽҦ˷ŵº£һһ˵εۺҦˡ

ҦڶһŮһķ֮䣬ȻѡǰߣּĬԣû顣

²ᣬҦ˲кһ£Ҳˡ˺Ȼ˵̫лˣȥҲվߡ

֮Ҧ˵³ʮңҦд飬ֱȥׯӣҦ֪ȥֻҪ¿˴˲ˡ




68.  ʮ   ˻ؾ

Ҧ˵ʱ, ׼һ˹ŮҦ˱»ʺ䡣

˴źƱ, һҲϹϵ
źƱ˹ǳ˵, ޣҦŷӦŮ, ǶҦкޣҲ, ڹⱨ

ȻڶҦ˹ں, ҲԼĳ, ܣڷһ, ǲҦߵȥչ

ûȥƹҦˣϾʺֹ   κ, Ҧ֪ȥ

ҦԼ˵£ҲС࣬±˴
вԹٲ, ˵լ

һ£Ҧ뿪֮ǰ, ʼĩҦ֪

Ҧ֪֪Լã뵽Ϊ檣ܲ˴̼һ, ˣա

ᣬ̫ҦչСΪɣּлϵĺҦԶ˸ϡ

ҦһԹ˲Ͼʵֻ̫˵汧ԼĴӡ

ﰲοԼ˻ҦҵģͿ̫˺ʱˡ

-

߳սνʢǾΰ֣ʮȱˣ෹ǲҲࡣ

ӾɵĹţתѾ¡

Ҳ˰˸µʱ¿ʼ̥֮͸кӵϵܣҲ˸ҪΪĸϲá

һ뵽ӵĳľˮһĽܵʱ򣬺ҲȻһ£ǸԼ

жǼΪ㣬ֺ˵߶߶ʱЩÿնҪСʱ

ֺ忪ʼź֣෬Ƚϣѡĸźס˸ϡ

հһͣ·ߣŵСţɻ߽

ߺˣ˴˽ͣһСʵﻹǹġ

СֻһǰͷŵԦ֮ˣݳԦ֮ˣһ£žͲǡ

˿СһۣһѾߴĹ߳ƿӡ

߳һλŮӣͷŰɫĻ飬ݣŻӦļҸϵķ˻ǹǲ֪Ϊ

ŮѾߵĲ£Ųվ֮ƿĻ飬¶ӡ

һλˣŷ٣üºͣ۳Ͷ٣ƣ룬ܿóʱȻҲһλǵˡ

Ů̧ͷ   Žϵң¶Ц⡣
ʮˣֻˡ

Сľ֣ԥǰʣ֪λǣ

ŮЦȥƣ

ƣƣơС˲²⣬ȻûмҲ˵ˣƣĪǷ˻ˣ

һС飬ǳ˽ǰԺûҵ壬ֱ˺ԺƼ˵Ż

ǵĲԶĽڷűɢʱպùţҲǱÿ߶ʱ

壬塣СԶԶ㺰˳⴦˶˹ȥ

ĽҲͣ²ӣתĽüһǳʲôôţҪǾɩɩ㵣𣿡

С߽˼£ֻǣһλˣ˵ơ

ƣĪˣĽΪУʱĲ²⡣

룬־ò̫ܣԲﵥؾģ㣬ʱ򣬱߹زڴ

æɩɩ㲻ҪϹ˵ӦòѵʢͶˣĽֲֻ²⡣

Ľ˵ʱ򣬾Ѿ˵ˣ̧žҪߣˣŻع񡣷ӦʱʢĪǷڽݣ

˭ȥƱ֪ˣݣҲҪȽӭ

Сˣȳȥλ˽

ףҲȥơ

ȻҲò̫Ʒˣ˭ܹ齫ȻˣȻҪӭġ

ﻹЩŵģƷˣǳϱһμţȻû˵ס

ɩɩ㲻ҪȥơĽæ

˵ŽԱ£źһͬ˳ȥֹ룬ҷ㣬ȥ

пģǴ󽫾ˣΪϱż棬ܵ

±²õӡŷ߹ȥϲϣҲڡ

д⣬ֺľĿ£Ŵȥˡ

ͷĽ   巽һ߽ţĽ趨һƣʱЦܹȥ


˾Ȼ纡
˵ҪĽ߳˵

ڱ߳յĽź˼ȻҲʱĽܡͬΪŮӣ֪е࣬ɷûߣǾ͸ˡ

ȻѾ֪£ҲһСԳܣοһλĺӣΪĽ˴㡣

Ҫӱ߳ǻչҲܸϵĹ
岻ã·ϵЩŻ˽¡

ƼĽܳûֽĽѾ˵§֡

㣡
Ľ輤ͣѾС鲽

ı̧ۿ߳塣
겻ͼ˲࣬Ҳˣַ·ûб仯վǸط
ʮǰǴĽϵĴ󽫾ĽմǱ

˻ˡ̾

֮긴һ꣬ոһ ŽҲŴ󽫾Ʒ֮ٻظһˣҲȴ󽫾ȷٿǡ
ǵȵˡ

纻ɿĽ裬壬˵

ͷ·Ƚšһ̨ס

߽˽ʣǻˣֻǣôʱˣ
ĽҲʣǰҵأôһ˻ؾи磬ôˣ

Ц壬ͰܶսϣҲһ͵͵ؾġ

岻⣬ɻʵǳʲô£

ĽԲµЩǲΪյҵţŻģҴˡ

֪Уʵڻ񣬲ŻŻȥҲˣǸʱŻȥġ

ĽͷûǺӻӣѾŰˣҪ֪ģȻҲ̫ίˡ

Ľ軹ǲ̫ȷǲǺ£

Ҳ֪ΪλˣСǸúӣСʵ⡣

ЦŵͷܿϵĹȻǼõģ   а˸µˡ

˵ţȻ̧ͷԶļˣмˣ¡ӦþǸˡ

ĽҲ˱æ߹ȥɩɩ

ĽĻǰЦķˣ΢΢ס




69.  ʮ£׽棩   2


һ, ΪڻЦӦ

ñһ˫΢΢ܾɴһ˲, ɫŸκϱˡ

´űȥ, æַһˣĪҪЩ, Ӱɲ˴

˳, һַ, һֱ, ֣ûҪ֮, Ҳûʹ

ĽЦŲ廰Իɩɩ, ģɩɩһܵܣԽ

Խ[1], ԭˡ

µͷĽĻڸ֡
ЦŴȤ, ţҶѾôһգֳ˽ˣĪҲҪҺ㽫ˣϾ, ǰƾ

Цü֮ĽмƣñϤС
֪ĽžΪ˵ǳϮ˭

˵ЦѾ⣬͵ͻһ䣺

ЦӦֵúӣ߰ɣȽȥ˵㡣

̫ͻȻԺȻᰴʱѾɨܹûסˡ
ţıһ඼ҪˣҾ߰ڼҲҪȥȥ
ȥʰԺȥԺЪЪſɺãˣǻδţ

ԺЦŨ
ڱ߳ʱֻ֪ĽܱͻˣĽܵӣǺδʶĹദ

ĽٴŸʱἰ»   ӣ֮άѯҪŮӻġ֪Ķӣˡ

˵סԺӷˡ

ҲãóСԺ
ԣתȥѾߴԺľҲȥ˳Ըʳ

ɽ͸·֦ڱϣԱѵðĽ裬ЯŻǰ
ʱ˯Σ¶ЦҲǺദġ

˵ϸĲͽš

һֱĽʱź䣬ǲЦʱʮˣһʼŻᣬȢΪԸ¡
֣Ľһˣչֳĺãֻĵһɡ

ڼ纣ףˮˣὫĽȫӡ

-

ܹ
εһ߶Ū̫ӳһ»ʺ˵

½˵¿֪̽ãʺ֪ǶǺʱʶģʵŲ˹צץЦš

ûмǴ֪ǰһƽȻҽʶ

»ʺĬţܲµε⻰ԭ򣬲֪֪оǲĺ֮ˡ

Цݽ£Ҳ֪ӣฮɹزסڽʶ֪С

εתͷס»ʺ֣ο֪ڲţ޵ûҪưߣҲֻ֪ã޾Ϊּͻ顣

ޣ»ʺ֪ε۵ӣ˵ô仰ѾǼΪѵˡ

ЦлϷģͻ˰գȻѾãôͻԼǡ

ε۾һ   󣬵ɡ

Ϸģ檻̫ҽԺסɵĺӡ»ʺӻ

ˣ֮»ʺǣһзģɵ£ʺĪҪǿ󣬾£աεѾŲ˹»ʺߡ

ȻˣĽϻм

»ʺһ˲ӣа˸ˣ¡

εףĽϻж˵һ֮ϲ֮ǰйǣֻĽһˣܷǣĽܣ޶ʢӺȻͶ

ʺţ֮󣬴Щȥ

εôû뵽ձյϢ󽫾˻ؾˡ

ڱ鲼ε۵˽ȥڸⰲߣҪ֪Ķ

ȷǴ󽫾ˣε۵׻ްʵ

½ػϣ˵Ľ﻽λˡӦǴ󽫾ɡ

Ϊʱؾ
ε˼ʵЩ벻壬纴˷ؾǺ⣿

ҹε۳ҹδߡ

-

纻󣬽Աĳƺ˱仯

ǰС֣С⣬ѾС˽Է˳ƺ

纻ˣλǷˣ÷ֱ澿˭ǿʼ˳ƺΪˣΪСˡ

ߵľҲ˳ƺǻСˣһ˲뵽ǺԵˡ

ԭ뽫纣סˡ

˵ʹˣ԰űһʱգպܻҪģš

ƴǲˣֻš˵֮󣬸¶ѾûõǰˣԼĪǱ尵н

հԺΪߵ纣һ˲߽

⼸գż˰ʶ֪纻ؾһ£ֻļҸϵķݷã㸣΢

Լ˶̬Ⱥת֮ҲﰵذܾĴ   ˣҪӦһء

һľԲʡ

ˣ⼸ոоΣҹȽſɻʹԲϣóڰϡ

ЦѾöˣϴν̸հķӺֻҪ˯ǰˣһҹܰ˯Ҫлι

ףָڱúջأһжãֻ豣ֵ㣬Ӷܰȳ

ʰҩ䣬Ҫ㱱˵ϻձпͣˡ

λǴ򣿡ԱߣѾá

λӦǸϵѾߣǾֻǴˡ

Цλιסڸϡ

ﲻɻʱֶһ֮ǰѾһ

ԣ̽˾䣺ιʶѦţѦ
һ漴ʵλô֪Ѧʶ
Ȼλιûˡ

Ӧ͵ιλǴ󽫾ˣСմӱ߳ǻǼѦѦ㡣
æ񣬡Ů棬ˡ

̧ۣʱԱߵѾǰ¡

Ц˵ˣֻû뵽ڽ㣬ôסǺ۸ˣ

ӻι̥Ĵ򡣡
мؿ

ߺ󣬱Ҳʵ߹Ѿս£ٹӵҲˣлϹؾ

ǱܴˣʲôҲûϸʡ

ٶʣĽܣ˳Ĭ֮С

纼״ıֱҪ£ܿͻˡЩ꣬ҲһһεĺУͲٺˣΪ޼£ģǡ

עͣ
[1]Խκ   κԽԴڡʯɽǡСԽֹڣЪ
[2]»ʺ󣺹֣εʱẰ





70.  ʮ   Ǹĸƽ

º
΢, ɫãԶɽʣֻܿɫӰ, Ժæһš

ҹʱѾ۹һˣʹвǿ, δʱЩߵĲ˯, 

ҹʱ֣Ǳʹѵ, ¸ϴЪ֮ʹ, , ܸܵǺҪˡ
Ȼ, һеһʪ, ˮˡ
˶񣬲źҹľգľ, ȥҿҪˡ

ľŵһ飬һ, վѾ߷ֱȥ纺棬Ȼŵ˵ƣ
˯ŵ, ѾŸ˹

ֿʼˣʣŲܼ

ǰ˵ӳ⼸գͰ˸ڡټϱǰѾ۹һˣֵ˱ûߣŷɿ˹

һ齱ߣű֡ץűʹ֣֪ˣŷĽע¸

֪˶ãֻǵһһʹϯǴۼ֮ǻʹʮٱ۵õԼ

ֵ֣ȫ֪ѾƤ⡣

֣ۡҺ۰

鷢ң˫Ŀգ˳ֲҲ

ľһûѾͱ˳ȥֻʣ¼оֺš

ֺĸţദֻϾҲľҪôˣ˶෴ҡ

Ÿ˾ְһѾѵЬ齣ӽűƿ˱ӣְһתһźֵδָѾ۳㣬˹Ǽ̫СҪѲˡ

ԣֻң򶨷Ըվһ   ߵ֣ȥι뷨ӡ

ĪһᾡΪ˼ʹġ˵ţָڱߵĪ£ҵ֣
˵ţһλѾࡣ



纺ĽʱѾ˱ƴѹŵĵʱʱţʱ纸ӵġ

ĽЩ£ǵһμĳ

纹˲ϰοֳæǰʣСΣҪЩ

ʵ˵һ̧ͨűҪȥȻ治֪ʲôʱѾ˽ҲֵĻ

˼纣ˣٵȵȣٳٲָֻܿô߲ҩˣסһʬ

δ˵꣬ȴܲµĽʱҲǲ˴߲ҩ㻵ӣС
תŵƻƵңֻ죬ҪðҲѡ

һһġˣ͡ʹ˳Ѿȫ
ʱﴫһ

-

ҺɳǣǱһѹ֮أֻҪǣĽҾɳֱ룬ֱ

ˣҸӣȫѹڴ˴ºذָӡ
ֻδ¶档

ĽҾѾǿգ˫սΣۿҪزסˣذʿ˳ǡݣĽܺǰ

΢ɳսʿĽϣڸ˼ɫʡ

ذЦۿĽܣĽܣþò
Ľһα֮ǰһΣĽܣΣԲ

ذ壬ڲزסˣΪ㵱˴󺹣Ҫ̰ˡĽܺȻЦ

ţذĽ˵û˿   ŰɫڱΣĽҰųǱڣͬһ㣬͵͵˳¥
˷ذȫøĽҰᡣ

ذɫĽܡʵ˵Ľܣ᲻ֱɱˣʺĽ졣

ĽܣףԸұңذ֮һ֮£֮ϣ񳯰ݣΣ

һʱ䣬Ĭ

ĽܴЦꪺݺݲɳ֮УϧԴ󺹵ͷȤǴ󺹴Ӧ͸ǿԿǿǣ󺹾Σ

䣬ĽҾʿЦֱذ塣

㣬ذŭһǣųĽܶǣɱݣ

Ľӭϣְ𣬽ذĳ

ɱĽҾ

ɱһĽܺذϴ£Ľתһꪳذ¡

-

ˣСιЩŶ纵

ֵͷű˵СˣʡŵϢȻϣҺʱ򣬷ʹж󾢾ʹ󾢡

ʶӻ˻ѣĵͷ˸ιŲ̧ۣſԱߵ˻纡
ôˣ΢˵

ҡͷĪҪ˵ʡŵҪ£һֱ㡣

ͷ
Ϣ˲ãŵֿʼѹһֵľʹ֫ٺ۵۵ܲˣڲܿƵ¡

·һط°ֻŵġ͡ʹǰ·𿴵Ľܣں˵

˵ʲô塣
ֻܸĽܣĺۡ
ҿҪˡ

ûеȵĽܻǵĺӻûƽ

źȻܵһɾӴ˰ѹȣϲˣˣˣ

-

ذӵ³ꪣ˫ϥڻɳѾ   ʱȾѪ

ŭһӿꪣ

һһأײʱܿ϶ȾѪĽϱ˺ܴһӣذǰ׾ѡ

ذ󣬴δγʮĽʱ˾С

Ľܶܿ죬ذͬʱѰذߺųʱĽһϹ䡣

һӣذµǰ㻮˫һذҲϹ

һ̧ͷĽѾųꪾҪ£ּۿԱߵʬ嵲ϣתһƥȥӵǰȥˡ

ܣĽҾѾ𽥱ƽţ˼һ˲ǣسǣ

ҽʿˣŽղʱ˷ŭ

ţ쿪ţ
쿪Ű𣿡

ĳŵ죬ߺϣȻա

ذתǻԶԶŭĽܣҧǣ
һޣȳűˣ򱱵ҽʿ

ɱĽҾʿǣ׷ȥ

ĽĪ׷ǡ

߶ĹѲһۣгꪻ䣬Ҳϵ





-

ˣˣ

ģУźһʱжʧȥʶ

ˣǸĸƽż˷ܵؽ֣Ϊ

Ҳһ¶Цͷ˲ĺҴʵ

ֵһ£㣬ǸСӣطȵˮУϴһɺٰʵʵ




71.  ʮ   

ٴʱ, ɫѾˣҲˬ˲٣ѾˡѬŵҹ, ڸԭеѪ֮ζ˯ðЩ

һ̧ۣձС, ˣСˡ

һЦҪ̧, ŷЩ첲˲, ֻÿ, ˵, ȸһ   ˮ

ľʱ, ˰뱭ˮ˹ȥһ, ŵ󣬷Щιˮ

źӽ, ֱߵ齱ߣˮľ, 齱ߡ

ˣˡ

ƺӡĺ, ǵûʱ˵Ǹ

纽ٷŵŻʡֲźӣ
˵ӦоģϾֵİ£ҲһִκԽʱ·֣һһ˵ˡ

ƣǸװ۵ģȻܳʱ򣬿ǸڸòŰ׻Ц˵

ƣźӣ˯۽ŨС΢ţȻðۣŴŴһŶͻϲ

ĽܵĺӣˣȻҲˡ

ΪôСӣ뵽ĽܻʱľϲȻ;÷ŵһۺͿ̵࣬ġ
ţ;ᡣ

ƼˣŲµ뵽ĽܣĨᣬοɲᣬӣԣĻ֪ˣҲǻ۵ġ

ҲǻǰҪ߸˵Ĳǣᡣ

ͷᣬһӵСϸţǸĽܣͱӣС˵Ľܣպֻ͵͵ǵСӡ

ͰܵĺӣͲˣܲһֱĽš纵

ҡͷûдӵСƿּᶨȰܻˣ

£Ϊжۿ﷢ȣ򴽵ҲãҲãлл㡣

Ҹ˸СͽˣΣȻ˯㣬̲ס˵˵ıǼ⣬³Сݡ

ƽͰ֮⣬ĽƽҲű߹հ

纰ԵͷǸ֣Ц˵ͽתͷʣ־Σ

Ȼ⣬Цúϲ£죬ǫ˿ɷ   ūˣūǳž;úãҪū˵ã˵

ʱЦһţԴЩԼĪǳȻһƲ۴
һ˲ܿ췴Ӧ֪ӦǶˡ

ǰҴȥ֡
ͷֽȥ

ҴҴıǣ˵ЩĪҪԼֻ֣ܺҲĪҪûţʵ̲ˣľʪȵӲǧˮ

ףš

ֵóѩ࣬ٺȵľȥ˶˹

ľȥ󣬲ʱֽˣŵСѾ߶ࡣ

ҪӹιȻڣҲˣľɣЪ

룬Ҳûм֣ȷʵЩˣһԺԺһֱԺűֶֺŪһֱûпС

Ҳ뵽ЩŻЪǵĽ˵ӲãĪҪˡ

ľιС࣬һ¡ЩӣĽΧߣЦ˵ͣպȻЩ̫ϰߡ

أʡ

ԣЩˣܹ黹ǸСӣһѪˮ˳ȥŵòҽ

û뵽ӣȻŵĽ衣ҲǴС˸ĸ˫ߵ˳¡

ڴӳˡʡ

Цˣϲòˣǲ㣬Ҫȹվͺˡ

ͷ࣬ˣ纸Ǻ˱ӣŵ˳ȥľ

ߺ󣬱û˯⣬ͷµĺɰĿڴ

-

᷿
ѾιıһãҪϣĽ׼˫֣ŽˣЦŽĽ衣

ְĽƣЦ˵СҲڹѧչ˺ӵġ

ʱ죬Ĺ£Ѱˣ˻飬ֵί   

룬ڤڤ֮УԵжԭΪѾǼˣ룬С֮ˡ

˵ԽԽʱɩɩһ󣿡Ľʵ

ǰֵͷ뵽ʱ̲ס̾Ϣ

ܿ˯ˣĽ轻֣ϣʵ֣ɩɩ𣿡

Цһаã֮ǰûκβ𣬹ﲻԼȥƣ

Ľ뻹ҡͷҹȥɩɩһҪչ˺
һѪˮ˳·ص˵꣬ۿŵﱻɱѪȾһأǰֻһƬ졣

ʱ˵ĶԻʾѾĪҪţ̧˽ȥ

Ľ迴

߹£ĽߣȰο裬ĪҪȥǰ£һϲ£ûô£ȥ˰ͻ֪ȫͬ

Ľ費ֽ˵ﲻ㣬ͨǰҲϣȥԲҪ̫ã𣿡

Ľ轫ͷ纼ϣƵص˵ͷ

κϢȻգκ˺Ѷϲ⣬籸¸˽

-

ʱûа磬ʢСԱ˺˴ź˹

ԭµ죬ɴ󽫾ԳӵġԱ֪˾ȻѾؾˣС˾ȻѾСӡ

ﶼͣȻ𾪽ýֲ˺һʱ֮䣬ͥУﲻ

˱񣬴⣬ֱַԸԵ

ȻǴฮ˹棬ҲΨһһŽȥˡ

ȻѾ£纺ͽûñ齣λ˴һ£һʱ䣬Աż֡

ҵĸɶأƣˣզզ˽ߵ٣۾һ

ֿڴߵʳָԾèŲӿ齱ߣͷս˿

̲סҪѯʱ   ͷ󣬲ų֣С۵ģ





72.  ʮһ   һ

ʷ, £ϽĽ뱱ҴذںɳǽսǶ, ĽҾʤռ캵ɣҰѳ

괺, ˫ĮӽսĽذ彻غϣʤ屻ܡ

ͬ, 䣬Ҵȷ̫ذγ֮ذطǻ, ͳʽ顣
Ϊʥ´ɶ, , ĮϹ죬츩׳Ƴ, ˰ŵʮ֮, 

ţ֪ȥԾ
, ʢ󣬵ʡ԰ӼΪղ, ЯʥּǰĮٴ󽫾ĽպϽĽܻؾ

-

գ󽫾Ľ뱱ʹǩ󣬽ذʬ彻ʹ

Դ󽫾ĽΪصڽ, ɸسǣٰգָǴǰǱˣԺǴ

ºڽδ뿪ĬĬŴ󽫾Ľܡ

󽫾СҪʢҵȡһ˵

վĽ£ĽܺȻ̧ʾջ

¾ĬãĽղŵѾ˱ˣڴ˴Ҳôʢ񲻿գƿСȻסǾ͸ᡣ



ĪҪģǱֲѹͨУʲôܻؾģһɡĽյ

󽫾˷϶ȻҪıȨȻˣҵϽȻҲѲ˸ϵǻǽһϽ˵

ǰһͬ϶СҲܱסǡ

Ҳд⡭

졣Ľڽʱ

˵˴治ĻáؾһԣûگҵǾ͸Һúôø

ڽԥҿǣ

뵣ģĽҾֻĽҾûʱȻȥɣӶˣȥúϢҪ̸λξسǡ񡣡

ǡڽᶨ

ڽºĻ̌ۿĽܺͼܣȥϢ٣գȥ߳ǽؾ

Ľףż˳ǺٹѲ˵ˣ   ¾ȥʹ飬ٺ͹ѲѾھˡ

ٽĽʣһпɺã

üȻһԤУʣݣ㲻ôʱ䶼ûкͽͨŰɣ

Ľܻ⿴ʲô⣿
ʱ򣬶ϰ߸дţƽü˷ǣΪûϢǺϢ

Ĭˣ֪¸ò˵

Ľܿ飬ʱɫȻ϶ˣǽˣأ

û£û£Ľһжã㲻ҪżҲǺ¡

Ľһ˲ģ˻ȥ̧֣žҪߣ

ݣжˡ

Ľһļ£һתʣ˵ʲô

һЦ˹ݣĽȥ¸һӣСȥȡ

Ľԭأȥ£ӣҲǰǸ»ϵģҪһӣȻĸһӡ

ʱ޷ݣϲǲϲǱÿһ˿ǣۣ

Ľܲԥ뿪

״Ҳֻں油ݣҲȥʢĽˣ㲻Ҫ嶯Ľֱӻؾ

Ľһļ£ͷҲص£ȥ󽫾˵
˵꣬Ѿʧˡ

߽ٺ͹ѲԱߡٸ˾ƣʣܳʲôˣôֻȥˣ

룬ŵ˸˸ӡ

ٻڷӦ仰ѲѾ𾪽ӵָűˣ
˵Ҳ޵ϾĽ뾩һ꣬ʱ򽫾ĺӣܲỹĽܵģǾֻǡ
ټϹѲ֮ǰ͹ѦţԵһӦֳ˸һ˲š

ٱƫˣɣʶκӦòˣ

żžݵߣæֶѡһŵϣʲôʱˣ㻹Ⱦƣ˵ôˣ

Խ   ԽŲæݵĪҪ˼룬ȥˣֻǽڲ֪

٣
Ѳ

ֻ֪֮ĽҴ󽫾̸һ󻰣̴ܣҹˡ

-

ףմŮʺ¿֪̽СĺԺ׫ס

˴룬ֻٻҪд֮

ǧ˵Ժ׫һƷС٣£֪пɻֻƷޣһ꣬ѾһƷ

˵ȥְôպ;̹ƽָտɴ

¸չʢﻹζǱ߹شʤĽݱ˽飬󽫾СձҪ¶ֵء

ڣҲ»ϡһ磬κ˺˳˿Źֵ֮ǣҲ˸ϲ˵Ϣ

תֹ£纲ǰյ˴󽫾ţӣٹʮǱҪʢˡ

˯ڴ棬ҧСָ˯ðС֣ι

ֲ֣ŬŬ죬һ

ֿۣһֵ֣ҲЩЪ£ĪҪٴˡ

ЩӣϲıǶŪĽܼΪƵСŸֿɰС飬뵽Ľƽʱһģ͸ˡ

ֵĻݸһЦѵЬӣ˱ɽȥ˵о˳ȥ

Ӱҡڴϣ̽ͷҪδߵ˶˵С
Ǵʮգڻʮˡ

ϸ룬Ľܳɻ꣬ദ߸£Ǿࡣ
Ȼ뵽纡
ĽȥϵǴΣҲǵڶξйص¡

ô֪꣬ٴξɢ뵽ȰԼʱ˵Щ꣬ҲһһεĺУͲٺˡ

Ϊ޼£ģǡ

Ҳı仯һʼעŲ   ϣٵܹƽĵ

ͻȻһ£˫ֻضǴ

򿪣¹˽˷··̫󣬻ᳳᣬ˿ʼһ죬ûг

Ľ˵ܶаһ˶
ҲΪжʱجΣĽЩΪҹ˯ð

ԣǴ˵ĻǾֻǡ﷭ڣȻ˲룬ȴţ˵Ҫʮŵ

ܡڡ

ƿֶһ£ֱܿƿ˽¹⣬ֻܿģӰ

ȴûлشĻʼĽܣҪˣ

߹ڻͷļϣϤƴһˡ




73.  ʮ£һ   ˡ

ĽϤ, Ȼۿȣ̵ˮ˻, СҧĽܼϣʮ

Ľƺһʹ, ûж㿪ֻսЩ

ú, ⴫

ôˣ

գʣľ, ⴰովǴ򿪵ôǵáû, Ӧҿˡ

ҹ˾, ϡľЯų, ʱȷʵڹš
Ľܽȥ, һʱ鼱ûйϡ

ɫľ˳յ߿ȥ, ̧ͷ£С˴򿪵ģԼĪС, ǹȥСѾ˯ˣϾͺãĪҪ

ľ֮Իô˵, ҲΪдҹޣŶıڴߣһң¡
ʱûдţƵˣΪջһ

ɿĻܼ̌   ͷŴ⡣
ĽܺȻֲᡣѹϣȱǡ

ɻ󣬵Ҳûг¡
ĽܽڶߵĴϢˡ

ľ߽ڿһۣƮӰֻǷ͸ȥᡣδ룬˴ת뿪

ͣˣĽڴͷŽڻŴ齵İӰȥǴһϸСĺ

Ͱĺӡ

ӵ£֪ˣĽܴűͷԲû㡣

ԣһίתͷĽܻ½ϡ
ʱǻ˶ŽĽܣԼ룬һأǻ

ҹҪġҪ𣿸㳤ÿˣüÿǿˡ

һƬȻҪĽܻȥĽ˻

ˣ˯ðĪҪˡһٿҪһҪԺ󲻻뿪ˣȥĶš

Ľܻһ첲ָüۡһһͺãˣ󽫾ţҸﻹΪҪٹЩӲŵ

Ľϻڷʹܸܵ˿ѿˣѪ˳
ذһսʱܵˣѾˣҹ̣˲˿ڣѿá

ոڿջˣ Ľ
֪ǡһҧ˿ϣ۵Ľɫûиı䡣

ûˣ󽫾ؾҪգ죬Ȼˡǰؾ²ܱ˷֣⼸һڸ¶档

ĽȻ˵ɣҲ֪Ϊ˾Ȼû˵ס
ʣǼӸ£ſӱ޸ϻ𣿡

ţһԭ򣬡Ľס֣ˡ

һûм˴ǣң֮΢裬ڻĽܵһС

ͲţصܣҲˣ롣

ĽԣգŲǣȻסˣЩʣ㲻ڸ¶棬ҪȥסҪ𣿡

ԺÿսѾ߲ϣĽûеطǾֻǳȥסջˡ

ţѾסˣڽӵջ±ۣϴһ˪࣬°˿ڣֻѲĽ

⼸ҹҾ㣬ǵøơ

⻰˷ӣϹ˵ʲôأ

ĽЦһ

ǣ󽫾һղҪһֱסš

ĽЦˣҵ֪͵͵ʢҲ·̫ģǰڿջдţպϢһ

ֻˣĵ

ʱܹҾͻ͵һͬ뾩Ҫ˶ãͲҪˡĽֵ

󣬶ߣһҹΡĽܼû˯ţڽ˱   һҲŹ̲ס⴦ףǴġ

ŲҲҷѹĽܶҲ֪ò˯ˡ

ĺɫɢ߷ǰסĽܴӱͷ»ֱۣ齣Ϊᡣ

ۣתһ˫۾ײڱ֪ʱˣȻûп֣Ľܡ

ĽһƹӺɷڿɲܿޣҪȥһˣԹĻҪ𣿡

ȻĻգŴԲ۾۽š

Ľܵ˻ֻĬϣЦŵöӣЭɲΥȵܹˣ͸㽱

˫ִҸѴպõס˱ûзֱˣ֣Ǹӡ

׾ĽܣһʱûסЦ
Ľһȥ

ˣСһˣޣźĽܵ

Цͷ

Ľܽݸ뱱ƽӣҪˣջǽӵջ¥Ǽ䣬ĪҪģһҲչ˺Լġ

ʵϣѹͲһˣԱǼ䷿סܡ

֪ٲߣ͸Ҫ˷ˣЦŴߵȥɣҸƵġ

ĽĬ˻ְԹؿһ۵ͷıתȥ˴ߣ򿪺˳ȥ

   ̧ۿŴǴú󣬺ȻЦˡ

һףЦ˵ˣ㿪𣿿ǿˣնûпޡҪһվȻ㰲

䣬һʱ޻£Ų˹ҡź

ԼĪܿŽѵ磬Ƕˣ

Щ飬ͷӦǶˡ

ֲδɣֽӹЦ˵ūȥǶ컹δɻҪ˯

ҡͷ˯ˡ

ҪһˣϾĳ˽ס˵ϸòϸˣʲô⣬ܲ²Ҳֻ⡣

ֱܿľŽ˳ȥǡ

ױ̨ǰո纷ʱ룬ĪϲĽܣ
ðĽܱʱûпޣӦֻǶˡ

СˣôѪﲻˣľ齣ߵһ̯Ѫæʵ

֪СǰոչߣѪߣֻǼ羱ˡ

ԣɫһæ齱ߣȻѪ

һӦǣĽˡ

ȻﵣǣΪ˲ɣɵϻҹ˼αѪ

ֱ󣬱ûе飬ȥԺ š

ôˣЩĲɣʲôˣʵ

΢٣Ц£ֻһҪȥһˣ뽫չһҪˡ

ҵʲô£ۣչ˴ӣĻۡ¼ҹ˵ˣڸûС˾͸óȥߣȥɣȥɡ

л󣬴ľ߳ԺԶĽ裬ʣ첽һ·

Ľűȥһɻʵɽ꣬ûоãոɩɩڶң

ɽҡͷ侲ˣС˺ûпǡ

Ľ룬ͷҲǣûдɩɩôңȻˡ




74.  ʮ£   С޿ջ

ʱ, ͷϴĻ飬ûȥϣǱܿ˶Ѷ, ֱСջ

ľһ·ʣֱվջ⣬ղųʵ, Ҫȥ𣿡
ȻҲ벻ԵɣΪλһСջ

ͣ½Ų, ϸ룬ºסľ, һ춼һ

ҪҸ˵, ڻǺʱ

, һҪȥջ¥ˣ¥ȿˮЪЪ, 
ľɻ󣬵Ҳûжʡ

ջλò, ϡ٣ûͷҲûںȲ, Ǹ̤ȥƹӭ

֪λ


ЦҲó
ǡ

˵Ļ´˳, ƹ£Ź   ¥λС˸ָ·¥ֱǰ, ͱǼݡ

лƹ񡣡л

תͷĻ鿴ľһۣ˵ͷ¥ȥƹ˵Ǽݡ
վ⣬š

ܿ죬Ŵ򿪣ܡܿѯʣλҴ˵ط

ｫ䣬δĽѾ˹һѽ˳űݣ˳ֹţһǳɣˮ

ܾ⣬ӲײŰ壬˻űϸ룬ܾﲻ̫Ծ

ݺܵ洫ǣӣ㣬з˵˰ôأλǰǸˣи֮򡭡

ĽԣĻ飬ȡº󿴵˱ЦܷܷݣʵЦ𣿡

ЦͷͦЦģûиܣҪ𣿡

Ľҡͷǣϯϡ

ջ쳣ܵͻأش¥ºˮľնУһۣе졣

ľûо˵ǡҪȥ𣿡ʡ

ľͷҪ¥ȥܻˡ

ʱһɫʹġˣҹӾȻ£Ҫ˽ҪҪŹŷˣ

ܣվ

̧ۣע⵽ǰˣ𾪵صֱۣˣҹӲôͱ˰ɣǲӦȥŶ
˶ʵգľô

ľӻǸŷһģô
է֣ĪСû˵꣬Ѿס졣

ʵľ   ȥλǷ𣿡

ľͷ˿ԭǷˣ˵ҹôˡ

Ƿ˰ôˣľһʵ

Ц˺ãǷˣȲҪʣл˵

֣ܴƽúתץסܵͷ

֡


Ľº󣬿ϷżذһСмľľ飬Щľ鱻ι״ֱӡ

һŵǼ£е滨㡣
ڵʲôʡ

ĽһҲ̶õľƬݸһѽ

ǸľƬ̧ۿǳ˳飬Щ̣˵˳ҪȥľľһӿӦû־ɵС

Ľ̹ܵȻŵһ죬ɣȹ϶ģˡ

ҪԼ񣬲ʣʲôã

ĽܷľƬҲѧˣһֵСľҲ㴫Ľա

룬ֵұһѳꪣԣ̫ܳɡ

ﾲĬ˻ڣܣԺʲôѡ㲻Ҫôиһ̳ʹ󽫾أ

֪ĽȷʵЩŵԺٺһΣֻί޶

Ľܲ⣬ڱ߳⣬ĽҼǽ޶ʢ

بŲĵ⣬ǲܾ޶СǽҪҲǾǣǵӡ

˷ʥˣյĽ˲Ϊǳӣҳ ԡ

ܣ㲻Ҫô룬ʵûίģӱ߳ǻչңѾܿˣСԺ˵һ㲻ҪΪġ

ֻȰĽܣؿһ󣬼˵ת˻ͷȻ뵽ϵѪɫ

ˣƣϹҩˣҪļ羱š

ȻʱĽü΢һ£ʱЩҪĽܵơ

ĽܼѾˣҲͲţѣ¶Ű硣һصջ󣬾Ѿ°ڱֻܿɾİײ

Ƽˣûд󰭣ĪҪġĽЦŰο

ü˵ĵطҹҧĵط
ʱҧģ뵽ʱʹҧü

Ϊʲô˵أҪ˵ˣһġ

ĽںȦסҪġ

ĬͷľѴ˲䣬Ҵûйֹ㣬ʲôҶ֧ġ

ãŻָЩȻ˳ĽܻŰһǣĽŸСľϿ̻̿

ܡ

ţôˣĽͣ¶Ϊ֮ǰ£Ц˵ˣģԺ·ԼѡΪ͵һˡ

ҡͷûãĴ

Ľһ㶣˵Ĵȡһ·ܾĸ֣Ƿ򣬷֣ϲ

һҪٷ顣

ݸһЦҪЩĪҪõˡ

ĽЦá

֮Ľܼľ壬ֱš

ӣʱˣ˸ûȥˡܿľչ飬   ˵
ľղҾСޣߥ

ܿ죬Ŵ򿪣Ѿ´Ļ飬Ľ

ľտĽܣ񣺡ӡ
ܸոѾԵ˵ǣ˱ܸĳ˹ӡ

û뵽ľѾ֪࣬ʡ˻ȥ֮ٸǽ

ˡ

ĽܵͷҺܿͻˣǵãơ

ûнӻ̧¥ߣľճĽܸ󣬸ȥ
ĽվſڣűӰ¥߳ջ

ϾǴųĻӣִľյЩĽϲǣЩָ纡

쵽ʱʵˣջҪС𣿡

ˣǳע⣬СҹظǼǵѾҹ֮Ҫ߶ҲҪ̫⣬ʡ𲻱ҪĻɡԸ

ǡ
ľ




75.  ʮ   Ľ

ת߰ѹ, ĽܰջԿ̣ҹ͵͵޶, Ҳ

ĳƷȲôʦ֮Ҳǿۣ֮ǻδԼĳ̶ȡ
ظ, ֮͸, ʱ磬ǲ

·, ˼ɫ

Ϊ, ССʤ, ʦسձ뾩, ͵Ŷʢգڡ

, ˣ

쿴쿴ǰͷǸ, Ǵ󽫾𣿡

Ǵ󽫾СҼģ

ĽѾ˶, һϮڴ󽫾棬ǼĽҽ

ؽֵİǣ˷, ϸߺš󽫾С¥ϵĹŻŻꡣ

ĽιȺп˱ǰ󵹵Ľɽ꣬εЦЦ

ҹǽǣĪҪӭˣ̫࣬š
һʱҲò纺Ľ˵ˣ   Ľ軹Щס͵͵˳

ĽܺȻһЦ·һƣǵȺĹǶʱС¹ײڶ

һĻ˽¥һӹڴǰϣл

ǰǹˣٵ

ԭǰٺлϣֵ֪£մ˽硣
ֵߣ֪СǴҪĿģٺлҪ֪̽С

Ͼȥһ˻ƽ׶˸÷ȻҪ̽һ

˶¥¥´󻶺µĽǹˡ
лתƽǣ󽫾Сǹˡ

֪УߵߣɿĽӻһҲûи֮ӡ

䣬ĽܺȻ̧ͷسһ飬ǰɣҲ
ЦųĽܻ֣ĽѾջߣٴ

ȶӽ¥¹ȥˣٺлתײߵ֪С
һָܿ飬һֳ̬ôˣȥǻû㣬û㶯ʱ򣬲

֪ԣ˺ֵ֪жԴ󽫾СΪ壬ǹˣһհǷˣֳ¡

﷭˸ۣ˵̫ˣаɡ

ųֱӵ˹⣬󽫾Ľܵ˷׷ڹŴ˱е빬硣

-

Ժ
纴Ѿǰһòˣ˵С嶺ȴ󽫾Ľܻ

Ȼ֪󽫾Ľֱܻܿ빬ԷһǻȻڸҲ硣

ϲɫڣñЩΣ⼸նĽѾؾ¡

纵֣Ҫοȴֱ

ˣ

ãĽڻĽպĽܽˡ
ĽģĽߵ̴ӣҲǣ󽫾һѾˣ÷ĪҪǡ

˱㲻ٵȣţ˵˻ֱҹˣűĽԺǰԺԺ

صԺ   ԡҪϣֺȻǰ˵˯ɡ

⣬ѯʵ֣ôˣ

ֺɸֵһۣССջôҲ룬òҪС´档

ԭᵽֵ˼Ȼͷ
⼸ҹĽǸһͬ˯ģû£Ҳûзϡ

ֻЩ污̲ס䣺޶ղ֣򲻿̫֣ѾǷˣĻʲô̹Եġ

˵࣬Խ󣬺Źȥˡ

ˣס˱ˣֻ£Ҳûֵ롣

Ľܺʹ󽫾ʱѾҹ˶ȵòʡ¡ºһæŽ˷ֱԺԺ

ĽܷϺ󣬽Ѿǲ˳ȥֻľһˮ

ѵĽۣܵȻûѣǼΪϣӽ˲ľˮ̧˳ȥ

ϣһֻ֣˱ӡ



º󣬱ĽϣϢֹЩʵ㲻Ǻ𣿡

ĽŷϸζˣǲװôûϷǳأ

Ѿۼ˯ѣ˵ĻҲԺֻͷӦ͡

ĽЦһҪ˯ȥȻ˶һ£ʵôˣ

۾ǺȻһ¡
󽫾ˣΪϱҪ𾴲ģ֮ǰ纵ľΪУһֱǷš
󽫾ˣպÿһͬž衣

գܲ㺰૵
̫ˣջֻĽܺˡ

Ľʣ𣿡

Ҫﾴ裬ֱ۾˲ĽܵľѣҪ㡣

Ľܱȣ̲סͷŵñϽ㿪Ǳ͵㡣

ˣ˯ɣһ纰㡣Ľ˵룬óˣҲȻҪ˯

һҹ   ƽ˵ڶա

Լѵģ۾˻յİţŵһ顣

ҪûֱĽ˻ȥ˯죬룬ҲòĶô硣

ϸһ룬ҲǣҲˣƿһǱӣɻأ

ҸˡĻ̌ͷ£ɫ˵

Ȼˣͷʾ˵

ҾֺܺãԱһֱôĽţѾϰˣͲˣԣĽΣ

Ľ

ϸϸ׽֣֣õüΪ

ãͽĽһߵԺдˡ

-

ĽܻĥãűԺĽպĽϯ͵ǽ

ĽܺͱĽվ磬ɩɩ

Ľտ˱´һصͷֿĽܻ۾һЦ죬ҵұ

Ľǰݸ

ĽգЩͷ˿Ľܣǡ纵С㱻ˣûп֡

Ľ߻رߣ֣ɿǰ
ֶ̣Ҳȥ

ߵĽߣֵݹ϶һյ裬ݸĽգò衣

ĽսĽܣӹյһڣúӣĲ裬ԺĽ۸㣬ҵ

ֵ׼õĺ⣬ӹϡ

лֳ񾴲裬ͬһ⡣

һˣԺͲЩ񡣡Ц˵

룬һԲǣЦŨҲ޺ȥϽˡ




76. [] ʮ¡¡   

պ, 󽫾Ľ뾩ʮ꣬ϳ㽻˱Ȩ, ƲҪˡ

ε۲䲻ԡ

ĽྲĬ, ĽһȫĽҾ, ˲Ǹ帣ˡ

ǲȫȻ, , Ľܻǻ   , ȶĽҾģñ߹ذհ, Ǹεѡһ·ߡ

Ĵ󽫾һ뾩ˣ˱Ȩ, ܰģñ߹ذʧֻдĽ, ӹٽ

˳εںԪ˴󽫾ԼĪʱ, 󽫾ųܹܳ½ͳ˹š

գʥּڽǵ󽫾Ľշⶨ, Ʒٺ»
ĽܳϮ󽫾֮λ澩ܴӪͳ졣⣬ĽҾ¸һ

ȨջǱεյУҲ֮УûܴĽܡ

Ҿһ£εҲ㿴˴󽫾ĽܣȷʵΪҳǰС֮ˡ

ʥּ߹ʱĽҾ´ϲû˱ȨûˣֻҪС˻ڣǾͻĽҾ

Ľ˾ܴӪĲ£նҪȥîĽգǳ˼λ겻ѣĴҫ

ÿĽܴӾܴӪظӸʱҲˣҲ֪Ǳˡ

ҹԺҪˮۼ˯ȴĽ֮ƣæס֣ʵ㾿ôˣ

ƽ¼ϧҷŹҲ֪ôˡ

ĽЦŵͷܾ߳ã⵱ζЩһ

²ŷӦ˵ܲԺ¡

΢΢ü˵ҲɣԼĪĽܺʹ󽫾ӷ壬һնԺÿÿĽܻǰãˡ

ţѾĽѹ¡

-

һºӭֺ֪еĴ顣

ȥף֪ѾϽһԺ䣬ð˼Ҿ߰ڼѾСӵȵȣӭֽŵ׼

鵱գٱ˻Σӭ׶죬ฮϽȥˡ

ϾմŮ»ʺãӭ׵ųʢ󣬼ױ񣬲ıͣҲ򸮳Цﲻϡ

֪Ȼǹһˣûˣ»ʺߵĴŮΪϺ񣬾϶˵ฮ

ֱ붴֪˺֪ȥߵѾȸȥ˱лϹ

ˡЦ   ˵պǸˡ

˵ֺ֪дʶ֪һֱˣΨһ֪Ҳܿ޳˳޸֪Уʵָˡ

㣬ˡֿǽһվԼĪЩִٲЩš

첽ȥ££ѾӣҪЩҺϽ㣬Ҫġ

л߹ִּϣ

űǣлϣСʣ޸Сʱɽţɻϲ

ûлϣǼĵ¡

ѾǸлϵԲʣºϸĽܴ鵱ա

գźĽܻľûĽܻڴ鵱ֻˣҪЪ¡

յֲһָǽֻϲģȴ㯺δ֪ŬȰԼ£װƽ

ʱ̫ٶۣûж룬֪ĶˣϸʱͻᷢĽԷ»Σ߽

Ҳ̽Ľ˱Ϊơ

ֵ˻شżߵ

㲻ҪЩտӣľͺˣֻҪò绨ο

һò绨æʱҽױΣڻÿ𣿡˵ţգգ۾

Цŵͷ

תȥлϣʵ㣬Һÿ𣿡

лƳһ̧Ķͷأ

ֳʹסͷһֲ࣬ĨױݣֻգֻôһǻֵĽ

лһֱ˵Żֱ֪Ĳʡ£ߵСͽ·ǲŻ˳

ߣлϵʵ

ףá

ûȥǰԺ͵ĵطǴӲֱ߳򸮣Ͻߣߵúܻ·ֻҪߡ

ô˵лϺȻʣòѵҪˣ

Ŀ͵Ͻ㣬ûУҦ˵£ɶ֪ˣ

лϵͷ֪ܵˣҲӦõģǣһҪлл㣬֪СͽģҲСһл

ٻؾ֮   󣬱»ʺٽѵһͨʱպɡ
ҦΣѲģûǳϷǾûа취н
ȻɣȻҪл

Ҳ˳ɾȻʶԼĪԭ޵ǣлˣǱС

ûʲôæҡͷһʱ˵壬ѾȥˣҲᣬʣɻ̫סţϽպʲô㣿

лϻ¶ЦҦ֪Ҧˣͷˣʱһδѡ񣬺뽫ԼУԺţ㹻ˡ

ʵЦҲ˲٣ֻǻЩϧĹӦŲǡ

⵹ǲֻҪ߳ˣһжõģˣҲܻǿ󲻵á

-

ֹ˼գһڶ߽

еģҲҪ»صˡ

վüģĻ֮˳Ч˽ŵڳɼϱڰǰ˵ûҲ

պҪֻұá

Цŵͷ͵ǰԺĽڻǣپȻҲڡ

ĽܣС־ҪˣĽܽӹ

ٿĽܻΪĽɫԡ

ĽܵȻĽ;ѰȢˣڣɾʣ㻹ǹ¼ҹˡ

ٲȣ˵ӻδأ˵һҲĽϱҵҴɱǼδ˵СӺ档

˵ţӲһ°ͣĽܵˡ

̧ټһ£˵ܣˣˣսǺϲơ

ټ״ӵ˵Ҳˣؼ

Ľܿ߳˽תЯŻصԺ

-

Ľȥ˾ܴӪ£㿪ʼת۽һ£ҲŸ´ˣ˿ûгЧֻѽѽ

ģÿս˵飬ҲܹС

գҪĽܺ   ںѡӡ

ĽݣϷòĽһƣֵȥˡ

ΣüΪģѽͣѽѽ

šĽЦӦ

੡

ֹĽס֣ԼľգҲѰ˹ȥ

ĽܻűȷʵǺҵˣ

߹ֻһ੡ѽѽ

ҿˣԣٺһĽܽЦ

ѽѽ

ǣЦŨ

꡿

77 

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һİϣŴӣڷŸĸʽвϡ
һȣֱСͼֽ游ԨǼպҲܳΪߪ湫ӡ
ĽȻŵСľõСľǰѾˣԿ·ڽһ֣˺ڽ𣬲øơ
ʱһĽֲѧֱ֯ϸϵСľһСҼ
굱գ߳ʱȺ﷢һԾóһͨ·ߵǰ
ĽߣеݸĽܺЦӹֻʱˣŽڰϡ
ĺ󱳣Ц˵ӣȥøϲ
תͷµĿͱڵתֻĽֿ֣Цš
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СҪӳи־ˣȻȮӡ
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˸˹Ҿ󣬲Žתϡ
κʩջ۾ʦпʹԶš͵뱱죬ʶѡ
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ܿ죬һ߽ԺԶԶƼͤӰ
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赣ģŮ֮ΪԵ֡


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⼸ҹѩϲСѾϷѩԺ׷֡
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