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ڰﲡץҩطѾ֮ˣҲʼһЩ򵥵Ĺ
ҽĻˣһǴ򣬽СһĹһǸѧͽ
˵ⶼˣôûаС̫ãҲûвʱſڴõɹůϣԱߵһֻè̡
ˣϻ϶۵ġ۾ŵһҹû˯á
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ԡһ߸ɻһЦҽǾͱٸõġ
ǴǰģҵǸʱ򣬿û20꣬ʮֵᣬ˵ڽһӡ
СҽΪ֮ĿĲľǸһʢĳࡣ
ǸʮָӣټΪ㣬òȣΪעĿĴ硣
ж෱æۣԶᴩһ·Լʰĸɾ桪̺õ·Ǳ˵ĻǰĶġྻĲһ˿Ьӣ˳ͷԼһŸɾоʱضȥ硣
ҪʰװҪʱ;ɲ٣Ҳȫ򣬵ǸӸ硣ҽȣҽݵģǰˡ
ʵϺܶ˿ͺò󣬶˵Լľôһ㻳ɣʹӡǷ糾͵Ľ̫һˣΪ˵ûϰˣΪӲϹġ
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˭Ҳû뵽Сһ˾Ȼޱȵ档
ÿ춼𴲣Ȼʰϴ׼ţһȵȫ׼֮Ÿ
֮ǰҽճµԴԸϽϸĻһȫ˦ƹ
ŴҽݺִҽԺһһôܳһҽݡͨҲסĵһǰ쿪ţϹš
ʰ˵ҩģȻǴ˸к˵ԼҪȥ㶫ȥء
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Ļ侲ȣʵϣһ˻صȫȻֳô侲ȡ
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Ű֮ǰ˯һ۾ͷѾԾˣһͨɺȷϺԼԵһ﷢һܽȥĶ
һwordĵһĶá򿪣µǰͻһ͸ҳ档
һ˵Ĺȥδ֪϶һиеãʱ˿ҪĵģθıЩˡ
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Ȼӱԭһͷ˺ü꣬ǸˣⲢζΪ硣
25ʱѾѧҵȵĻؼҵԱˣ25ʱ򡭡ѾˣĻܲҡ
λɱԭʷ켣ǻᾭһϵеĴ۵ģСʱ򱻵˼˵ȨȴΪСʱ̫ѹֶ̬ʧ
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һ£˻ỹԥŴӦˡ


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ıˣһʼԶ뽭ԵĻͽһϵʹϱӿС˵
һļԡطšԺģ⣬·侳ͬʱҲԺеһ뷨ΣҲҪ·
ǽ˻û΢һ£һʵпʢʱ룬һֱԷ¶˴ѯζʱŻع
˯ǰŴһҪգ·ֵȲҪȥšʢԻ½һЩֶΣ͵͵Ĺ۲ı飬ﲻôһЩա
Լ̫ѱ˸ŵ
תƽıڸԼڿʢһ˲ֵһЩþз·һѵֱֱĹᴩؿڣᵽѪȵζͬʱеһӦԼ巢ġ
ʹ庰˺ѷΡ
ѪԼѪ
ʱûܽɱԶҪæˡ
ϱӵôģΧɱĲֹһЩʿһЩŵˣʱͳǰ
ͨ˺ͽҪλͳŲ̬ͬȣʱ˿ԻµʱҪº͵Ķ࣬ڡԷȻûͳλá
𣿡ʢһ䣬Ӧʶ
һˡ´ӻþлعʱ˿Ǹɱ磬ֻǸСѧͽҼ¼һ½Ĳˣǵ֢״дҪҩĲҲˡ
һˣʢ¶˾ȣΪ˽ˣǺһˣǲѵֱӸ˵ģһͦͽܡ
¶ʢĿ佱ҲֻЦЦǰþʵһֱڲͣĽֽȻͬĻԱͼһ̫ˡ
ʢ·ҽݵβ¼Ѱûʲôֵʱ򣬻ڴ˱һᣬԼʢʱʲôԾĵط
ոյǸþȷʵͻȻǶȴûʲôΣգҲκʹ¾Ӧһ֡ѡһֶ˵ѡⲻһõϢɲٿϱӼˡ
ܺ潭ʲô𣿡ʢͻȻ˵
ȲĻһ㶣ųʢ߿˹ȥ϶żдʥĹµģдԹģȫдģЩһºʹĻ޹ء
ңҶԽʵûʲôȤ˵ķԷθЩʵСġ
Ҷˣȷʵǲóֻ˵ΪǿϤѡ
ʢȻĵ˵ͷ¿һˡ񰡡
ԼǸþһ棬˻ŵȫʹ࣬һɥʧǵĸоŮΪ˰飬ȷʵЪ˹ĵز
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ʮͤʢüͷһ塣
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Ǹҵ磬¾ȫû˵ⱾС˵ȵ˽֮;ܲο˺ܶϵ
˵߻ħǻС˵ġءкܶ޷ȹһ߻ħˣ߻ħеӹС˵һ³һǱò˼ʽ˲̫һˡ
ȽȤǣ߻ħûһԣԽԽǿһӵ󼸺ǿ޵У˺ģ˸޷óȥƶϡ
ֵ棬еûʲô̶ĹҲûʲôرԵĸߵ֣֮кܶ˵书ʽֻ㿴˸ճģ̸ʲôܣΪʵ
߻ħкܶ඼üΪ̣ѪԸҲøΪƫŭһ㡣ֵط϶һױİ취
ʢ˻һۣ˵ҲˣǾҪҡ
Ҵææˣʣ»һˣʰӣŵһߵϡ

򼸺ÿ¶ȥһЩĵط˵ȥ壬ҵļһȥĵطһüͷ
ʮͤ
֪ǸطǰʱһˣҲû취һεĵмҪĲˣмˣе⣬Զš
һȥ
ԣСͱȥˡ˵ǵطͦ˵ġ
Ҹȥ¼ԥ˵ҲûƴǣϾи˸ȥҲ׳
һ˵ط˴СԽԽңֵ뻹ܿһЩʬ塣һĻ˲ɵõ·Ьӻ᲻ᱻŪࡣ
һֱ˲˵ǰһɸˬˬģճһ򶼲ɵö࿴ۣʵ뿴µ·ЬӱʲôӣֻֻǷǳˡ
ĺ棬Ĳڱǰʧֱ̬ʲôϷһ
ﴦ˲ңסȻҲǸѵˣ˵һңסһˣһʱ䣬˼ҩһҩӲѪļ
һҼҵĿȥõĶԽԽ࣬ʱҲΪʲôŵʱҪôһˡ
һĻ±һӣܵ᲻ͷԼǰѶӷ˵Ǻö
ʹǸͨĲӣҲббĿڼϣĺܺÿ
һʮңӳʱߵδʱ̫ˣ¿˿ɫ΢΢Щˣʣһңȥߡ
ȥԽԽòԾһֵζ˳ŷ紫˹ζһ˿²
ЩǻԼѧģӡġ¼ϿȥȴƳһƬϤĳ
һɸɾĴţſڵһյصĵɫĵ棬͸Ĺȴ˾·汻ӳѪѪġ
µĶ߷·һİ˵ġ
ɫʺ㣬ǺɫݱһһƯɣ

Ǽĵֵ꣬طȻмĵ꣬û뵽ɣŻһص˵
ȷʵû뵽
ͦģ̧ͷҵ̣Ȼⷭļ䣬Ⲣܶе鶼˽һϾҲֻ˰꣬㲻ԲȲ˯Ҳ꽫ʮļ䡣
ӸղŵķӦһȥĵط
˵Сֿʼת˰ǻ˵Сʻͦġ
ĿԼӦСӴáŹֵ˰ɣ


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۾ҵ΢΢Щɳƣָĸ˻µ۽ǡ
ҵĵ곤岻ǺܺãһֻŻеˡ
¾Щ֣۾Ѿ˺ܳʱˣָ۽ǣָое㲻ǹһ͵ͷȥддûҲ˵ʲô
ý֮еС겢һƾɣ˵ƿ˸ܵһƬȫµأʮֵĸɾࡣ
ǰĻþںʵϵĽţһĶԱͼ˽⵽طϢûϿô򵥣ļУﻹһеڸеĵط
ҵһ裬ı۾ʼ䡣ҵģʵϡġֻĶô򵥡
ǸɫҲܲ԰׵ˡָȫǺɫģͷһĺڣûˣƭԷ˵Լָñʻġǻ֪˵ָױɫ
߻ħᷢһЩ仯е˻һҹ׷е˻۾ͨͨģȾѪ
ǰָҲɫģ޵ԲԲģͿһָͣʵ͵ɾԼͿ˺ɫġϡûΡ
µһۿʱ򶼾ˣеŰˡ
ﷷֿڸ߻ħۼġϡһӵ߻ħ˹
кܶϣ¿żڷŵƿƿ޹ޣɫĶСǰȷʵǸǳĻң˵ĸ׼ȷ㣬廭ʦ
˵ҪǻһŻ˵֮ǰܶˣһξͲˣۻ£˵ҪȻҸԱߵ˻һŰɡ
˵ãȴЩļ֡
ĻʱҲ꣬˹һʱȡݸ첲ȵģɫҲʮֵĲ԰ףڵＴʹǺܼ򵥵߶ۡ
Żµ۾ͻȻĪľôһ仰ϲɫ𣿡
ɫáµ
ֺɫô˵ŻĹʹӼͳһЩƾɵ˼ˮĸɻǺģΪˮԵʣԵЩ
ǰĻȻ任¿λãͬӽǣĴŴ缸һΨһͬҲֻﶫİڷһЩ䶯
ǸϷң˺ܾúܾãӼóһɫСƿʱȻͬתͷʱ۾ȴӳƿӵɫͺ۾ڷź⣬ûþеʵжôһΣա
ұΪ㲻ӵģ˭֪ĸ㡣ĵЩѹ
»ûüĻʲôͲܿƵ̧¸첲ˡԼϴ·ֻƳһۣ˲;Դۡ
һͶرߵ·
Ӧþ統ʱʱ·֮ܿüΪ·ǳĴ󣬷ǳĸ䣬þеֻֻһֻӣ¾ʹԴɫΪɫϷ˼ϻҶӣгȻϵĸ
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ӡԼзҲ̶Ů˵ļ̫λҪֶҶһ㣬ҿܾܺöˡ
رζݱһһҲ뿴ټɫһĿˡһ߽ƿһЩܷ⴦һ˵ȻһûʲôϵƽҲô죬Σ͵Ǹ⡣
ͻȻһתֻصʵоеͻأԱȸҲرǿҡ
ʵУЩɻ
ıͻþбҪһ㣬ΪɫҪů¶ڻֶǺܸðȫϲԱߵһۡ
ݱһôģټ˵
ҵģҳȥ㣬ȻҲȥԼԿ
ſҲһݱһڻûأſڵǿֻܿ׻Ի˵
ŻȻԭſǿðݱһ
ţѾȫˣֻʣһ⣬һյƣǳȥʱ·Сĵ㲻Ҫˤˡ
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ĳ˵ǸĻңסĵطƷ˵ǷǳҵķΧˡˡţҵġ
ȥʱɫѺڣһ˵ŴҹĻ٣ֵϵ˶úϡ١ǻµĶȴܶ߶ܶ࣬Ȱ컹Ҫࡣ
¼һֽڹ۲̬뿴ֵ΢̬ЩԵȻʲô֪ģ
ǰÿȥʱ⻭ʦյ𣿡ʡ
ǣյǲǺɣתͷԻµ⻭ʦģĻҲԼġ
ȻԽϣܴʵֵһֱһԵˮƽеʱͣеʱ廹ĥϵĽ׶Σʱ״̬ӦûὥȶǴʱ˿ͻǱߣͿ״̬ˡ
Ȼǵ͵ЩȽϺãװԼûΧ˽
û书ͨˣ
ʱȻҳǲ֪
ֵͳ˽ſ̽ŨȤǰһŮˣǱ衤Űġ⻭ʦĵ꿪СطҲ޵֧һҵĿˣŻῪȥΧЩϲųļһǣ⻭ʦѴ󻧡
Ĭ˵㣬Ȼ΢΢ٸԼ֣յС¶ģ˵㣬ɫĵףɫĻĵƹ΢䣬ƴĵȥеЧ˵Ŀ£ΧЩ˽ڻеյ󣬶һӰˣǱһ
һΧЩˣ˵ȻˣʦĵλҪĸ߰
̾˿ͻȻ߻濴·˵Ժ㻹Ǿ߰ɡ
ţΪʲô̧ͷգգ۾ãȻ˵
ôأĥȽϿ׵˵ǳڶҽԴĿǡϾһͦҽµĴףҪСطĲ̫ʺǼ򵥵档
ԼԺûʲôĻҲԼⱲһطˡ




˵ʵٲòã¾˵и÷
գۼѾȥˣȻһֱ죬²ڰٲһοˡ
һͦˡ
ιеǸѧǰһ͵ŻǰӣҲʮֲͷ
´һ£ʵûͦ˧ģ￴Ǵôһ׺ݣҲʮֲơǰͣӵˣжһ˿ζ
ûĻӦżʱԾвԵͬϰԲȡĴʩвơ
еĸо
ΪһŮԣȻһˣ֮Ծķʽвˡ
ʵÿ÷£򶼻Ŭתƻ⡣ʱӦøоôһ˿Ծˣ÷ôһ⡱Ϊʲô
ſڹ̨ϼ¼ŸղĲ˵״Ҳ򽻸һճ֮һ²̫ԼѧҽΪѾ󶼷ϰϣĶԴ
ʵҲ̫Ǹһֱ֣ͷд֣ҺΣ
ɡ
˺һֽס˼ҩһߣǱ÷
÷ر󣬡ҵѰһѱ˵ǴģԲ䣬رСɣһŴèʯҼ˾;ϲͰҪˣ벻Ҫ
ôҾ͹ˣôһǲԼòҽݵ𣿡
˽ƽھֵĹӡʵͦõġһС¾׷Ϳڻ¶Щ˼С֮ǰ˵ҽ˸ѧͽһֱҪСǳӲקŲ첻֪ôԼˡ

һʶǮƣĹӸƢ˵
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⵶һ׵ĵҪѧĻҽ㡣ǱѾʼӽ㿴һ߹ȥ
дֵĻ̧ͷһۣպÿӵĶһһʽôһ˼ΪһھӵܣĹ׻ǿԵģӷֵװ̴һ䵶ԵӢˬӰѱ
ȷʵʵо䲻ĻһӸô͵Ѫɱֱȣ
ֻһ۾͵ͷȻʵҲһϺµĲΣǺôҲ¥꣬ûԹҲܣֲǲϵġ
ϸ£ҵһȥϽ˵ĻˡϽǸط֪𣿿ɲʲôһԳԼǽ˵Сӣȫȥȫųĵط
һһпĳˡ
˵о̫һ·˰ǼϣȻ£ҲԼоӦͦġԸϣɱ÷ϲˡ
˵ʵطһϵԭΪ˵Ͳòһµ¼ƻܵʱ
ԤŴ¥ӳʱ򣬻¾á顱߻˺ܶ·ߣȥǲţȥŴɲţȥɽš
룬ֽࡪиĿ෨ȥǾ͵ſµķۣȥŴɾ͵ʱСɽ־͵ÿǳԺν⡣
һһйδʮµĻ¾ԼҪըˣһƬУͻȻԼԼСʱйһСûϢ롪ҪȥһС򣬶ر˵ĵطһݲ̫æҲôߵĹһֻè໨ݲݡ
ͻͻ䵽ģ䣬ЩãȻ·ţ·һͨͨСҽʱȻżƮ˵ζ
ʱſڻѧͽĺֽ¿֮κľͽȥˡһӾͿֻſճɹ̫Ĵ껨
ʱ¶˺ܾãеѪǣЩԺԴͻȻðôһ仰
һԸ⡣
֪Ǹζ緹Ҳ˵ոոɵ˽ɱ֯ϴɱ֡ʵǱһٷߵġ
ĳ˵ķ㲻ǽеһǿbug

ôСӣ˵㣬㲻𣿡֪ʲôʱѾվ˻ԱߣŷԼѾվֱ˲֪೤ʱˡ̫棬֪վİġ
һվֱ˾Եþһ˾Եò
ǲֻ˼ɵܲһ
ûƵ˼ҲҪʲôҲģ߲ơ
վڹ̨ǰ棬۾תҲתĶŻ£ȫ¶ģӦҪֵ˼ô˵Ҳڽң˽ͨʽȴһܡ
ϽȥɣҪקܱקȵվ
ʱ˿Ҳеˣһ߰æţһʹͷŻ´ɫߡ
˵ԼǰԶ׼ûһġ컹һɺܽ׵ƵĹϥϴ͸͸ͷ˳ڼϣһ򵥵ķ٣˸ûʲôװε
ıеʹקŭҲ˿ûƽϢ˵СӵƢıԵ޹ʵľʹŮϰĵطȻŮͬввԵľٶ
Ǹ˼ҲүƢ첻µز£СӦúаԵϰˡ
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ΪһĪķɴ׸ô飬ֵüɹģԾͲϲŮӣ˵ᱩѾĬĬػʮ֡
վڹ̨棬ĻûбֳرŭҲûбֳмһˣǡԱֱеͬ顣
ͬ飬Ҳһ˦̫Ī˳Ļ
侲ɣֵ̫ѿ˲á
˵ڣͻȻһļžּž͸һӱһ
һʼûʶĻ±žŪЩëƴ˼룬ͻȻո˵Ǿ仰ﾳЩԡ
Ӧĵ˵ġϾڵݲԱȰ˳ܵӣǻŹеһ
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˵վͶˡܵȰܵĻҪɼܵĶһӶˡ
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һ룬¸ովǸ̨Ȼ
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巴ӦĺѸ٣ȴٶȡΪ±ѹˡ
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ôһӣʹһˣҲ̨̫ʵľģͷҲûиϰ壬˭ѹ棬Ҳѹˡ˸ǰνǱ࣬ʹ˳̵ľûᶯ
һ߰һߺΪ±ˣ϶ǽɫһӾ̱ˡ
дʱ˿侲ģȻǸոΪ
ոջӳһȭ;Щԡ
һ˵ΣոͬʱҲͷ
ӳȥ֮ȻûȥͣһΪѾԾˡֲԾǴأ
ͷɻʱ͵һ飬ȻȻ̧ͷ
պúһ˫۾ϡ
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һ̣ȫɵˡ
˵ﻰǸ쿪bugʵˣ´Խһ˷־ǡ˵ͼûĶ
ɱһոڷϵţʹԳѪŤˣǶڻ˵ֱƽأɺƽһôһƽ
ʵ츳ʱʱ̱̿һ̬Ǽɵ飬ΪʲôҪԼԭеǸأ
һܲʱ˵ʱ䣬±һȺʱȴѾ⣬ǰͻȻԼļ￴ƬΡ

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û٣ǿȡ̲ݡżһĶǰȴһֱһر̶ִ̫һ
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ǰСĿǳҪ˵ʲôֻܴӻ¸ոص˵㶫
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ܳϢûж㡣
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ΰãķ˾ͱˣвٽˣȱ첲ȵĶС
һֱȰ˵û¼ſľǸǳǰ;Ĺһ¶ӾͲö˵ˣĸҲܺãţкܶ˵֮󣬵λòһˡ
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ĿǰĴʧ״̬Դڽ֮˼һʱһһ׼ʱ
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ССģʵͦаȫУЩ棬ͦϲСط
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µ͵ٵ͵Ǻ֪ܿԼĹƴˡ˲ʱĶߴһŮ˵ֿɰ
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ȱôһλʢʻҪҪԵģԸ־Щס
˶һȺϡŹֵˣ¸ǶԱֱһ̫ڶԵò̫ôˡ
Ը񡭡Ҳ̫ʺϸĻɡ
ʢҡҡͷͷѹеϡ




»ѪĵУΪԼô˵Ҳӵùģȴû뵽Ǳ֡
нŲΧǻԱߴ˹С磬ѽú㡭
ȥ¾Ҫ˺
´ҪȥȴǱߵĽŲԽԽ˲еˡ
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С磬ԭӵͷͻȻһ˲һƬȻˣǱˡ
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˵Ҫ˭һʹ죿

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ûϣŹġԱߵһϴү˵
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ҲҰ
ȱңմȲҪϻȥֹ˶ԷǣǾ׷ˣҲ˼һ̲˵ġ
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˲ǵѪ۾ǱߵŵЩ˶վ
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վΪ³ȥ֮˿
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±۾˰죬ʱţվǲټȥˡʱ̫ƻڸ
ҩĵʵʵϣ䡣
´˼վߵ˳ԱߣŵĴ˺üȻ͵ȥˮеԼ
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˵ʱµôصˣƽʱˣǵԼʱǺܵվţȻ󻹶Ц˰졭
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飬컨ơ
ԼҲ֪ԼԵĶԲԣҲҸؿڱ櫴һƻʹţһƿ
ûȥҩҲûĳҩֻһ͵͵ʣȥ֮;̤ʵ˵㣬˶˯
˯һᣬƫƫסӣܴܲȥ˯ŵǸ˯ź󣬾ʹԼĹ﷭һ·ϣһڴ˯
Ѿƻ裬ůƵҲ֪Լ˯Ĺ˶ãȵʶʱĶͻȻ˺Լ֡
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ףǶ֪иҪ
ŵĳԱ廨ţ̫ƽϳ¿ʮйӸ磬С㣬ࡤ¥ģнͣС͵ˡݲһ
һӹɣȫǴС
ĵݶһֵδķչԼԵвԱһ㶼岻ϻ
  ˼Ǹ
¿ȺˣԼڵְҵͷһһ֮ĳ嶯
ڴǿʼѯ˭磬룬èûҳ
װʲô֪ƵģźҿȺ˵
𣿡
˻֮˶ʼѰǸѡ֮ӡҵĵһɶ󣬾ڳͷĹġ
ʵǲѰ磬ڻű˴˵ʵѹˣ߽һԼʵ
˾ЦˣҰɣʶҵ̫ˣҪȥ磬Ͼͻᱻ˿𣿡
ڳֻ书ߡԱһ൱ŮζϿ·ٵסǿ԰ģǣǻ˭أ
ЦҡҡͷֺĲҰȥǱߵ˵
˳ָ˹ȥһЩ͵ˣӸղſʼһֱһԲ
ڳ֪Ĳ࣬ȴʶͩ
ڳΨһһԺ͹ƴһƴˡ
ڵǺܳպڽϵͷĿ£ǰ꣬ｭǸ۲۵ӡ
ȻһҲûԣǹĲڳ书ߵˣһ۾Ϳֲ
˿ͩ׷װ֤Ŀ⳯Ͷ˹ȥ˵ߣһҲҡ
ǻ˭أᰵλǰ첻ûɣ
²кܴܵģڽеһɱֵȻʧˣûа취̫ȷϣһεһɱֿʵʵڵ
˭ſ϶һرˣ֮ǰҲʲôӣһǰΪ˱ܲҲǿܵġ
簡ǸƯĵǼˣٵѵҲǼһ𣿡
Ǹ۷׷׵ʱ򣬽ﴫһ
ҰǸˡҰɡĬĬؾ֡
ȫ˵ĵطȥȻպúͻ¿˸ӡ
˵۹⣬Լʼˡ
һ£Ϊ˺ͬ¼˸ȵɫͳȣڿȵˡ
ղ˲²ԽԽף˵һᶼҪרʢǸȥˣʱˣԽ˻
ʱ˿̣¿˵Ŀ⣬ԼҲͷʼĬĬ˼
ʱԽˡɡ
¥ǰʵڵģİɡ
ڻ·չڵʽʱ
۾˻°죬ͻȻȵ˵ԭ㡣
»һѽ̬ϳ
Ǹ֮ǰȻûʶǡ硯ЦŶԻµû
¶ᰵӡΪղЦţЦĻرÿ
ʱ˿᰻ΧļǸˣȻôЦˣܳ˼
㱧ĶʲôָŻµİ
ôһ˵˵˲ȫۼղŴ˭µİˣһֱ˵Ҳû
䲻ô˶Լеİ¾ѹеԼİ¶ɽң˼ĿһȦҪġ
һ뻹ڻ̽ͻȻѺõķַңÿ˶е¡
һѺõȸȻµذѺҷһȦʶĲʶģϵõĲõģ͸Լһְʱֱһ¶մ
Ҳе뿪ˣͲԣ뿪㣬ȫͬ´¡
֮˻˶ɢŴڶĿ밲ȡ
һ˲䣬µ˲ʹһȺ֮ӱȫѻȸܸоĪһؼֵۺ˵ʣһгӡ
Ǹˡжô뵽
ʱڳÿһˣ뷨һ
ˡ
羿ܳʲôϵ

ٲãʣһʰβˡȻ˸½һЧʣæĹġ
ڸһģһͻȻ̾˿пĵûаѺҷָأ
㻹İѺҸ¸ȥ˰Ϊ˵Ц
ŵȺ˻ɽңҾǸȥǰ״ˣѺҺСˡ

ʱ򣬴ͻȻһɧҵ
ԽԽ۳žǳŰٲġ
üΨһһ书ȥô¡
˭ϵڴϸôеĶüߵſһţͻȻͣ
д𣿡洫һۻֵܣ
˼ˡ˺Įĵ˶̽ͷ濴˭ôȻ˵ˣǲŸտŶѣﻹŲء
ϣСֵܣ۾˵ϹɲðɡЦŵŸîʱô͹ˣ
ʲôʱţʲôʱţҲǸƢܱģǸ˾ͳˣүǮеû¿ҽݣûвУϽߣĻȥ
⻰˵꣬һ죬˶ŵһ̧ͷǰһȻմһȭֱֱĳźס
򶼾ˣæȥ̧ͷƺ˵ʲô
Ǹոտڣδ˵ͻȻ˿Ѫ
ŵϵǿѪȦһӾͺˡ
ϵǣƽʱϲ󳳴ֵʱȻû˵
һʱû˸˵ûվſڣҲվſڵˣһˣıϿһˡ
˿·һѪأվǰǸҪӵһ㡪˫۶Ѫġ
˭Ǵ򣿡˰ٲһȦĵ
ң۶ϵĵȥԺֵ˵ĺأȰŵϡ
ŶԡǸ۾׳ɨһȦЦһڵϵ˵ĴˣֵȻĲĹߡ
Ǹ˵ԺȥˣȻ֪˵ʲôͷȴڲǰҲһź۾ˣһĿڵϵҪȴҡҡͷĶСĵϽߣùҡ
ȥģʡ
ȥҼҡնĵ
ô찡ſǻ˵
˲Ʋ磬ߣҵھ֣Ҫٸˡ
׳źԺҲС˼ģΪԺסһѪ«һŵˡ֪˵ʵΣܾŵ˿϶ܴùŵǸ˴Ӵ￴һۺ˲Ҫֹͣˣûгȥ
߰ɡ׳ֱȥѪ«ǸģһŵĺϷ
µͷҲ֪ǲǹĵоȻı⣬ȥ˸ڡ
ŵǸ˴Ӵ￴һһͨͨԱܲսѶôߵĻ͵͵Ĵ˿ŽֵǸԼ͵͵ĴӴ˳ȥӱ޵ȥʢ
˽Լĵ䣬⿪˵·ոս⿪Ϳһ˺ĿнʵʵĲһѼ⵶ض˵ɲΣвǾҪֱӻ졣
ֵôǸ۾׳ȻԸֱ˵㣬Ƕֵȴʵʵĺáϲɫĵãȥҩ
Ŀʼʩ룬ȴȫѨ


񾭲˼·

¶԰ٲõ鲢֪
Դ뿪֮Ϳɷϵˣ߷ΧѾԶԽˡ
ȴǺ棬òҲ˵˵Դȷϻ¾ǰٲõС֮ÿζͻȻѻ
úͽ˵ʵͦĵģΪҲ֪һʲô̬ȥԴ
±Ƚֵ᰺ͽΪʲôһĵӣļҲǵʲôϸ𰡣
ܸԭİɣԭȴɳĳһ޴Ϊо˿ûнߡ
ֻᰲûиϸʱ䣬ѻȥ󣬾һֱ˵
ºŮӴ򽻵ʵȸкӴ򽻵ҪĵĶࡣ
û뵽簡ᰶԻµ֮ǰŴ𣿡
ûСҡҡͷ
ôģ֮ǰǸʲôģ
մ˴ġµһҽﵱѧͽ
ȥ¥𣿡ԱǸ䲻ʡ
ûС˵֮ͺˡ
ȥţôҲǴԽһأſǻܶΡûҽȥ
Ů˿˲ͶЦһš
㲻Ϊʲôᵽ㿴ȫͲˡ˵ȥűĵطҲôʺϡ
Ļˣ֮ǰʢ˵̫ʺϴطǵڶΡ
գգ۾ԷθĵҾҵʺϵġ
˵仰ûš
¾ôʱ˿̵ĪǢոչʱҪǢˣʵԼ˵ЩʲôŮͬºӡ󶼲
ˣǰͽʶ𣿡ԥһͻȻʵ
»һµӦáйһΰɣ֮ǰҽҩ
ᰵ˵ͷһԭ˵ӡԺͽǸ˴ŵʱԶһ㡣
Ϊʲôлʳ֮ǰر⡣
֪ΪʲôŰй𣿡ᰵЩͣȴûڶʶӦڴܡ
ҡҡͷ
û£û뵽᰾ȻԼ˵ˣҲǸ֮ϲ
¾ýʵ˽ʵǸӡ˿š
綼֪֪ܲҽϱӺûôһЩǰڡһˣô
Ҹ˵ԥһպԶһ㣬Ǹӡ
֪˵ʲôֵģ
ɱõѡ


᰿ڵһ˲䡣
ǰľ˲ֱˡ
ͫһ뵽һþ֮С
ףǡ
Լ֪þʱϮģϢľͳˣþУվǰĽ
վں϶档һ£һʺĶ飬ϱӼÿһһ
΢紵ɽϻδɺԵѪ
εĻþҪ㣬Ҳʵ¼ŵһ˿˿Ѫȵζ
ʵͽĹ˵е㸴ӣ˵¶֪ôͷ
ôһºǻԶ벻ͨġ
벻ͨΪô߻ħˣȴ类ΧʱͻȻߣȹһ̡
ǰìܵǷڽϣ絽û彭ˣҲû
һһģȫʲôʱᷢ裬ַ£ƮӣҲе㺦¡
װ𣿡
һֱģ߾Ҫ˻߱ˮסˣֻ֪ûװȷʵˡ
֮ǰһεļ䣬Դ򱻴֮û˵һ仰ڵϾţֱ
һĳżķ߹һһ˵װǾװһ㣬ҷǼٵģͲˡ
µбģŽԽԽҲԽԽ
˵类ˣ棬Ӧͷһرˣ˰ɡ
ˣûƭ㣬û뵽ɡ
Ҳ֪󣬻᲻ͷһαŵ

һתͻȻʹӻþ˳»صˡʵ
ոǸ龰ΪʲôͻȻ֣
ǰͻȻ任ûһ£ʶʱҲֻһ˲ᰵĻû˵ꡣ
͵͵Ŀ۲ԶĽûعͷԼ͵͵˿һ麹ҲòԾһ˲䡣
æȻϽ᰽Ļõѣ˴Сһ𳤴ġΪһˡ衯ˣɱ
ոյļᰵĻһ𣬷·һԽԽԻõС
ˡ߻ħȻɱ
С廹ǷǳصģӹضүǸʱͿʼˡִӰƷɱ֤ʲôĿ»ˢʱֵǹŴһЩоǴ
᰿ǷǳɱԼѵ˵ģŶܡסĽйٿ϶˹ݣµ֣԰нĿļдûйһΡ
ɱԼСʲô¶óҽԶһ㡣˵һ䡣
´ʱ˿̾ȷʵЩ֪ΧˣûȻô߻ħˡ
ҲϱŪôҵԭɡ
ϲɱЩ߻ħ˵ˣһ櫲ͬèϷһϷŪ߻ħ˵ˣĿĶҪɱǡ
״϶еëʹûҲǰ衣
û˾ǸʲôԻ·ԽԽ÷ӵԻ·˲ġ
ֻܶġϱѧƣźԼһйѧ鶼ûĻ뵽
˵Ͳ˵ˣҲһڰϢʱʢҴҵ߽Ի˵ٲóˡ
ţٲôˣ仰վ
費ĽǰٲҪĶ࣬Ҳû˵仰
ߣ˵ʢɨһȦͣ˽ϡ
Ҳ
˶ʢ
Ҳվ
²˼ĶԴЦЦȻ֪¾ǰˣǸղôһȴڳĴж˸ʶǸƢܺõˣҲò˸ղʢ˵Ǿ䡰Ǹˡ
ֵĴ䣬˵ô˵ġڳĻʵʢʵҲе㻳ɣٲһ߻ħģ˶ʢ»һ˶Ըˣֽ˺ʶĽ
¿߹Ľͽĵһμ档ʱĽǸӣ绹δĿ
ڻǵ˵ĵһ仰ʲô
λǲǻȱһȾƵѣ
лҪ˵ûɶĻӦvɡ
Ǻúѧϰһ졣
ͷŶ=أ=

24 ηʿ

ٲôһ, ǰմѣͩʢ, ĺ, Ǹ߻ħ˵, ֽӾ
һ·ӵ˽, ͩˣҪ, ӾȥѰҴ, ǡþ͵˰ƽ, ˰ٲã򡣡
û°ڣʡ
ãʱû£Ǹŵ˸ҵġʢһ˶Ը, Ͻһȥ
仰ʶĿ۸һĽ
ʱ, ¾͵ʶ˰ɡʢ, Ҫʲô
ȥ򡣡ʢСĵ, ˶ͦΣա
֪ˡ˵ͷ
ѽ񡭡籾ദĻ粻̫һĬĬбۿŽ
˵߾, ൱, ½, ĸš
ûʻʵ, Ҳû׼ʲôͶȫȻӵ̬ȣڰٲõһοʱǸ̬һ
ͬһ̬Ⱦôͬ
бۿŽԴ׼ƻµͷȴһòϡ
ô˵ء
ͻȻ;
رӣͬһ˸˾޶ԡ
˵ʣʵ˱̬ע
°Եͷ
ţ˽ˡ
ΰ񰡣ָһơΪҲҪһֱȥ
ٲУʩ룬Ǹô¾Ȼܾ
ֻֻشҲزֵ˵ˣܹĺһı
߱鵹ǷƽʩȶãӾҲ֪ξˡ
ȥղŲǶһѷˣһŸոȫѪǸˣǳ򾿾ܲܰȻһȲǸ֫ļһ᲻أ
ˮʵڲãҪתתˡǰʮ˳˳ˮٲúͽӶĳ£²ſǿݱһܷˮ
ͷ͸ˡ
ҵȻڰƽСطҪȥҵȥϹһȻӱ޵һܲൽ
Ҳ˵ʵѹûܰ˺ĿԼˡ
˲ǵѪǽ岻һ䣬ղѵһĳǰﲡ˸ˣպ϶һǾ

ʱĻºͽɿĸϻ
ྴ˴֮ûһ仰ԡ
³ʱֹһ½֮Ĺ£һʼʵ֪һʲôˣһδǽġ
֪˽ݵڣ·ǳǲŵһıݽԸһγҲ˵
һ㵽ﲻҪҸĵûսĻ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
̬ȡϱõ̬ȣ֮ˮ
¶ЩˣԼڽеõĴеߡֻҪ裬Ƕߡ
һȥץˣȥ򣿡̽ŵĵ˵ԡ
µͷ絷⡣
һѭӵ⣬ԶԶģһǰ
Ǻûͣ·ڡݾߣҲ֪·ھ˳ȻһʧֱӰѻ˺档
¿ıӰ̾˿
½þҲδǻݺὭ꣬ѧĵһṦΪ㡣
ڴ¥ɱǰӡ֤Ṧ
ṦһԼܳƵʦˡ
¿۽ıӰҲȻʧڡ
˰ٲãһ£沢ûˡ
ԺЩһͳźԺ˹ȥ
Ѫɢҩġ
ˡǸ俴ȥѪûˡٲֻһֻèڲ档
ȥˣ
³ŰٲǱȥһ;òԾͷݱѪһģȥ
ûٲãĵͷ˰죬ͻȻ̧ͷһȥ
񡭡Ѫһȥˡ
·ٵȥٲ˼ƽʱ·ϣȻŲӿ
Ҵҵĳһȥɱ˵Ѫͷ·츳иûڰٲãǸոճȥϵЩѪ»ӡ
ڸչȥûãȥü
µϣûüĽ
ӰٲóҸôһ£⸽ѾûˣȫڸոӾչʱͱˣȥʣ
أڻû׷
һȦûµӰе㲻ͷһ˵Ȼ⸽ûˣǾͰҰɣҵġ
ʱĻѾǰӾѪġ
ʲô
ģžž֪ĻˣٰմͳʽȵĻʱضʱҲ
һ룬ȻһĶӾ˵Ȳ
ȲӾź۾
ҩǵѾûˣȥϵҩ̲ãҹһһԡ˵ر·¸塣
Ӿ֮ܿʵôѡӦҪֵܵģҪӦȥȡҩֺƭ֮Ѿˡ
ǷԲ﹫ϵõ
Ӿһһáĺð취ͩһߡ
ʣǿпš
Զ;ñӾŵݵĸһ
ֻ֪һʱѣѾˣ˵˭֪ôˡ
أ
ǿԲųġӾ˭֪һȭͱˡ
´ʱӡղѾһȭˣһȭȥǰû
Ӿ˵СӣĲˣ
û˵վǰӾĪڵ˼һ
磬ڸʲô¿˲ˡ
ǿһɲԣ
΢ѱŵĺһ㰡
СأĴӰȥˣ
ʱӾɫҲˡ
ڷϿһҲ̶á˵ǸϽȥ˰ɣһٲˣͶ²Ҫ˴
ƶţҲ΢ƫһ㣬ȥ˼ҵĺ󱳻߲һʣֹӾ˶ߵĸоʵͨżо˵ˡ
ⶼɱֲŻıܣҲ𽥽롰״̬ı֡
̫Ҳòƴˡ
µ𽥱ģһЩʶĸоͷ˵Щ˼飬ȷʵǻ½һһɱָ¡
֮ǰ¥ľ㣬ǸӦԱǴҲ㣬ǸƶĽ
Ϊ֮ǰ֮ǰûԹһγԡʵͦġ
ָо˵̫Ҫ˵õԼһֻè
ĺԽԽᣬÿһζúܳĽŲҲûһ˿ʱĸûһʶԶݶ϶һˡ
ӾһʼûôģϾʶһΪʲôõ˼أڻʱ䡣
κһѰͣЪ
ӾͩһߣȴûҪֵ˼
¶Ӿ֣۾Ҳè֮ǰһ
ĿӾ֣Ӿһȭģźϼ롣
Сӣ˵һΡӾһ˿ɱȻҪʱ䣬һĺЧʹͩڿ״̬ȻһЩҲӾһֲ̫żĴ
Ȼ̫Ҳԭ֮һ
ҪȥɤӵȻ㰮ȥľȥġ
һ顣
ежͬʱҲʶһ¡
ԭճǷĸоǹģ츳
Ӿŵ𣿵Ȼˡпʼۼһ־ɱУСȵļӾֵһ̣Ҳ͵ĴӷԾ¡
һ˲䣬ŵǰֻʯһĻʵǸٶȣ̫ܿӾ翪ˮͷһ˲һֳĿӣơ
ӾԼ֣ǸͻȻܳһ߿һֻ֣ԼԴﶼһ£˳Ƶ
һ룬һԴ˵أӾֶֻˣ͵̧ͷŷķȥ
һӰԱ߷ɿԹȻͣڲţףֻϳһģʵ޻ĵ
Ҷûϳ£Ϊʱ˵αװ
ֻͻȻǸ˿Ӿеĵޱȣһ˿Ѫû¡
ʱ;ˡ
Ǻηʿ

25 С

СȥѰ, ӾǱû߶Զ˲һͿ˵³ֵѪ, ˳Ѫһ·˹ȥ
ʱĻ»վӾǰ, ֮ǰ˵, 廹Ǻ, еʱ򷢻ӳеʱΡ
һȴͬˮһ, ȫû¥ǰɬĸо
¥, ĵӴԷ, ϰһȻȻľ˳
˭Ӿĺ۾΢΢˸һ£ݺݵض
»ڸղŵָоûһᣬ뵽, ĪӺѾĲˣ
Ϊʲô¶ʲô
ʵ벻ʲôģڤڤܾ֮ǿļй, ⶫûʲô֤, ҲϹ˵
ͻȻڳ˽һǡ
Ҫ֪ġ
ͷѰ̫, ˸ոǾһûаǵ˾Ͳ֪ˡ󺺵Ը, ˵׼ĳ, ·˾ǡùˡ
һĳҽ, ˵ڳ˶ڡ
ӾҲ΢, Ĵ侲һ㡣ŸոյǸ⶯Щʶһʱ仹벻˾˭
ûǰȥǶԶһȭ˵ֵܣԩ޳Ҳʶ㣬ɷи㣿
˵꿴Ǳߵһ˿תͩ׼Źڵ֮ǸϽ뿪
һ¡ԶǸ˵߿ԣ¡

ϵ·ڵʱû϶ȵķѾվһˣ˿ƺ
˺ǸʶˣȴȫȻûӡ
ʱ˿ȴûȥζȻվ·͵š
ˡе˼
ϵµĴһ¡
˵ɱܵϸܼܲ϶ֵһ̣ٶȻ쵽ˡ
ͷ򵥵ں˸βֻܿ߸ߵıһЩģıͷס۾ģ⿴;ӦǸˣǴ󲿷ֵٶɴ۾סˣԾò˱ϲ
ǳĳϰߣʶĿ֡
һ˫ǳƯ֣󲿷ֱֵ˫˵һƷǽڷָ޳ָɷ۵ף续ȥһ
ܼζˡ
ЩӼЩˣһۿӦǸ֣дǰѵҲЩ졣
һʱҲûϳ
ѹûղű·Ļ롣
¶ѾĿʼӦˣ˵ȻǸ֮ϲǻҲû
ȻӦˣǾ黹ûϣһλþϡͿӮһβûС
ӾԼˣѵһͿ
ȷһ°Żס˵ֻҪʲô˵˭֪ԽȻ˾ҪˡҲֻż˵Ľɫ
֮ԲӾ˵ͬʱ˵ͩ±ϳ
֪Ϊʲôĵ׾Ͳðٲõ֪书ʵܸ£ֻҪһе书Ľ˾ͺá
Ӿ˫۾һֱûûʵǸӡƴĻԼ¥İԼ˰ٲѧĶ
Ŀǰ˵״ʵǲʺϴֵġ
Ϊϴʮͤĵһƻûء
Ӿ˻вĻͱ׺ˡ˿϶˭һֵܣһֵܾܵĴһҲС۾ԽԽʤҲ̧
µӾٶȲܿ죬ܴ󣬶˵Ǹơ
õƣİѵ˦˸
ʱӾ͵ĳ˹
ͫһӾٶȷ·ࡣ
ΪԼţʱ˿̣ȴƽֻӿˡ
´ʱ侲Ĺ֣˼ά
ƴģʹǶ籾˵ҲֵĶ
Ψһõóֵľٶȡ
Ӿͬɽһأʱڹ̤ڵϵÿһ·ڲӾٶͨ˵ҲѾˣֻһͳ
ʱǲŷһ¡ףոǸأ
ƺһƬƹӾʶ̧ͷͿ²֪ʱѾͷϡ
ͷǶȿԿͷס۾
ٶȿ˼ֲôȥģڳΨһһܿĶԱߵĽ
µʵûʲôԣǺƽ͵һ֣ƽ͵ҪȥԷһ
ΪͲɱˣ̸ʲôɱˣ̬ǳƽȣĿҲʮȷ
ֻҪȳͺá
һȥµĵɿ˶Էļ򣬷ĵ⣬Ӿҽһ³û
һߵĽĿ˳Ĺֱ̡þݡô˵ɡٶȵ˲
Ѿһŵôʡ
˵ĵԼŨҵķʹýһ۾Ϳ⵶ĳ¥
ֻ¥ɱ˲Ѫĵӹ͸Źζ
¥ЩɱǶ˼ʲôŮǹʹһ¥ζֻҪһӣζͻһĶĲ
˵ַȴָڴ󲿷¥ɱֵַͬҪˮȻһЩӦĿǰ¥ĺܶɱ֮ϡ
ⲻ漰ٶȵ⣬漰һ֡⡱⣬ǸǸңȻ¥¥ЩȫȲ
Ҳûϳ⾿ĸ¥ģ˳˵Ķ
˵ĵʹҪҲһ㣬Ź˵ſζζϤˡ
һֻЩˡϡ
ſžЦˡ
ôһӹ͸ű䣬ִŵǴģ
ôû˵ﾹȻһأ

߾˺һǰ£򻹾δŻµлллл
º̫򵱳ͰϳȫҶ˵ֻɤ˵˾䣬û¡
˵Щ֣ǺܾöûпһûȻ𾴡
ģĴǲ˵ģͨһ±13ֳ10ֻǵ󼦵Ͱ׿ˮиԵĴء
µͷ׼ҴȥߵʱһֱڿһֺãȻı飬˵ôˣǲʲôԶ󿪵뷨
Ҫо͸Ͻ˵ǰ뷨ҡҪϻ˰ٲ֣ʱùĿɾǻˡ
ͬ־û͸µ˼Ҳˡ
ҴҵӿߣҪϽ·
ȴڸյһӿʱȻһѱ˳ס
±һ
סһ˲䣬Ҫκʮ־׼İס櫴һƵλãǵطû˲۵ͷϾð亹
²˭ֵдԣ¥ɱ֣һ˹ǰϣ߲ûˣôˣҿû˵¥ĸˣֻһ⡣
ڻ¶ߵɤӵɣ硣
žСֻˣ۽ǿźɫ·ԽԽˡűƵǽϵˣ·ü۾¶һ˿
ָʵıһҲøӴǸ˸д

³Ĭ˰졣
ֱԼǽϵ˰춼û˵
ȥժ˵ɴûϵʱ򣬾˻˵˾䣬ӡ
ţôЩأ
û
һѰɴ£۾𽥿ǰˣȻͽشסˡ
¾ȥҲ̫ãҳ̫ҲʵܲˣƿȻֵӣ
ʱı黹ûģǻƾųǿԲӲǴпϣôһ̡
뿪ڰοһ£Ȼ㣿û뵽
ȵȣ˵еѽʼһ˿ɧˣǸΣյźţ˲侯
뵽ʱ龰˲͵Լı飬Ž¶һԼϰԵºЦݣҸղſ߾͸ϽˣûǱǸû°ɣ
и츳ʵ˵ʱر档ʱ˿ΪĹҲرϡ
֪һѪɱǲ˵ĵģ²ͬ
ԹһǾմ˵ġ
ȻҲĬˡ
Żµ۽ǣĿǰӴϡĻҲֻΣﲢûбȾһź롣
Ҳ˵ǰ£ȷʵһƽġˡ
˵飬±ϾǸˣﶼ͸һ˵ء
Ϊ鷳ʵǲ̫ãԾ͸ϽˣʵεҲʵ鷳ˣ˼һˡ
һ˵һϸ۲콭ı飬֪ˡȻԸʮ˵˸ʮȫûСȤ
ղŽԻ±ֳһⰻȻӣȻͽӵ˻ʣĿº͵Լһһ۵̬ȸӲġʳ״̬
ķſ˻£ȻһԼ·
⵶۾еĵһ¡
մ˸ҵģˡæǳĽ˵ͻȻͰң˵㣬ʲôʱ򻹻ȥأպóˡ
񡭡޿
ʮǰһһĽСʮӺͻһǰһ߳įһ޵еߡ
Ҫȥٲһոմ˺ò衣ߵʱʡ
ˣԼȥͺáĬĬذ˰֣ĩ˾˺ͬеѺãּһ䣬㡭书ݼҲܺãͦͦģһʼСˡ
УСµڡľͺˣȫƲס
Ըе򣬻е㺦ߣ׳Ƥ˵һ㶼᲻˼˵йʱ
û뵽ῴ˳ԵһĻϵĺ챻ͷһͬһ
ӶĽ̶ܳȻ޵ģֻܽһϷǳʺϵɱֵϳ濿׵ı飬ɬĽܲˡ
ʱһ붼ԸṦˣתߡ
Ȼһ˼˰װ˷Ѹ顣
΢ھô£
ĸӵĻ˰ٲãȻǻǰ·Ѱٲʰһ飬ѺԺɢĲҩմѪıȥϴ
ʰĲʱǲŻ
ĵһ仰ǣջСӣһ֪үҸղžʲôɣ

26 һ

ϻºͰٲõڳԷ, ʻʲôʱģ
˵Լû೤ʱ䣬һžͷû, ԸϽȥű˰, ʵھ, ָɴʰˡ
رȡЦһ˴ڰٲ, Ǹų򣬽Цһòǣ˴, ſϰϡ
Ҳͦ, Ǹе, ʾǿһ»˰ٲþֻ˯ˣ类ĺüھȻЦ
ٲøոձŵ˹һΣҲȥŸˣֹĺƺƵһȺҲʹ˵¼
û뵽ȻȰ֧, 濴š
κξӲʹⲻǻ, ǻһ, ֤ͿԿȥˡ
˯ú磬һ֮Щ, е£ԱЩЪϢ, һ˺ú롣
¹, ͽ֮ĵε, ϱֹ߳ļˡ, ȻϱĺΡ
ǵ¥¥ģǸʱͷѾǺˣڽϸ¥˺ܶˡ¥һʼʵô
ڴʱ˿̣һ֯ģƫƣɵĵӶӣȴû뵽Ǹӡ
֮黪֮ǰûпǹ²Ǳֱӽ¥ɣʹûн֣¥ҵеЩ鱨Ҳϵ˺һġ
ΣһײĽţ˵ܷܡ
һʼô׳־ģϾ˲һԳɸӡڶʢõһűֽҪ̽ˡ
һʼǲύ̫ѵĻģܵ˵¿Щ̧ͷʢôࣿ
˾ͺܶࡣʢҪһЩϾжǲ̫㡣
ҡôȥǰȥµͷ˵Ҫ996Ľడ
ʢҡҡͷһǰͷų˷˵û˽ϡɼȥɢϢˣһֱûгڴǰ
ϵϢԭҲǵĹͰͻȻǰڰٲĹ˽ϣʱ˵λɱô׼أš
Ȼ׼ɢϢ˵ѾסһطһˣӵǸطĿǰԣҸһطˡǸطǻرõģҽ˵ġʢֽŰʾ
³ܿ˿
رõĵط
ֳźԺķ˿
ҽ˵ġ
»ͷʢĿ˵㲻ᡭҡ㡭
ûʢ˵ͷװһ㣬װ˵ӡƽʱҲ̫ţϵЩ˶ܸȤģӦû㡣
˵ǿǸСš
תͷɽƵȻʢקס˸첲ǣ˿ڣСġ˻һ¡
ôˣʢһ
û£û¡æֱʾԼãЦѾӽӽëȻĵزˣҪٱʢˣΪľҵжӯ
㲻ú£õļȫйˣȫƽﲻֹ̫˲ճԽӱ֤ûġʢõĻ£ֻҪһ㡪ݵ񡣡
ھζӳ£ôȥ¾ҪŸɵˣһָӵ̧ͷʢҲ𣿡
ʢһʱ䲢ûлشƺڿһ̫˵Ļشʽ
У֪ˡµͷ˵ӦʲôģҸġ
ʢ⻰Ϳʼ˻£ô棬ҪѧܿģʵҲݣֻҪһ㣬һ㣬ٲһ㡭

ҹ
һƬ𣿡
ڡ
ڵҹɫУİС߶ţҹڸסǵĺۼ
ȵǵһС·ʱͻȻһԶԶվţ϶ɴ
˭
İ˾ĳǱʵ
˵ˣ͸һɳơ
𣿡
İ˶ȻһȴȻеĵ
·ɫĹ⣬ʵ޻ȴһŵ
ֳŵһգ۾Ѿ˸ǰûпԷĶͬʱúһ
˲ŵ̱˵ϣӶһʪˡ
ף磡
˵Ŀ־ȷԼûԱ綢ϵ˾Ѿˣһ·ûСոǰѵǶһ׵׵Ǿ
˴һּ˵Ŀ־֮Сô˵ҲֻŴˣһһҪˣܼ©
û뵽˵Ȼ˵ɱЩѰˣ
УоǲԡԱߵݶϺȻһߵˡ硱ǰһ㡣
¿ʢ͵͵ĸߵ·˼׵Ľ䡣
ʱСʣһ㰡
ое̫ºˡʢĥ˰죬Աߵһ˵ǰɣ
ǸҡҡͷҾûݵĹõˡ
𣿡ʢһ죬Ǹ˻¸߶ۡ
û뵽ƽտôƣôơ
һǾòаﲻأʢͷĥ˰졣
Χǵģм춼뻪ԶԶģ
ʢ˼ãȻһ̧ͷŻµ۾Ȼ˼Цˣƽ̫ºˣϳϷɡ
Ϸ𣿻еͷҪһΣ
̫Ǩҡʢæ֣ǨͱˣͦˣѾôˣǸϽȥϢɣǳѾܸлˣȥ
Ļ˵Ĳˬôһ˿˿ĪĲʳŰٲõķţ·ŵӵʱʢһ䣬͵ȥ
ãţʵʱֱͬһǳ翴ֳԱߴ·˿˿Ȼ顣
㾹Ȼ˳͢߹ϵ
ߵԶ˵Ǵʱ˿̺ĿֲһΪϵάսʿ
߹
ֵ࣡İ࣡
һɵĳŰٲȥ
ָȻôɵˣҲû뵽
ĸǣⱲӹǳˣˮܷҪôá
£˵ʵǸͦĵ¡
ͻȻԼҵȤˡ

27 ӵ

֮ǰʢͻ˵ᰲżרŸͷ˺ʵǿ, ʵǿǼûͷ˵ǿˡ
ϰ, ˰¿һ̬ͦͷӽ˰ٲ, ҩ, ֮ǰǼұ, λϰҩ죬ý, ĴҲƵ, ֹǺ, ϾͰ֮ǰǼһˡ
ûʲô°ɣϰЦʣϰɺã
ûʲô£ͦõġҲƽĴ𵽡
λϰǸͷˣھһƸ̬ͷ˵ŵĳϸɲ, ҲǸ˧Сݺͳӡ
ÿʱ򶼻񲻾Ƶһô, ٲøλòá¸شϰ, ʲôϺϰ˵, Ϣ
ӵһֱڹע櫵ϢȴûָѲֵϰ, Ƿƽ˾, ֻЩƽˮ¡
Ŀǰûгʲô̫Ҫ, ԻȻҲúϰʲôϰͻʱƺ˵, ˣһԶֶҪ
ֶӣ˵ֶӿ϶ʲôֶӡĪʵǿǸˣ
˵˭ļ̫Ӵˣ²ûзһйصϢ
֪Ǹʵǿ˻ϰֶӵˡ
Ѫ«ӲתҪõȥˡЩȥֻΨһԿü۾Ż¡˵ʲô֪Ļ
Ǹư͡
Ǹ˵ĻϢ
³̾һԭŵļƻȻҲ˿գû취ʳ̫ϢһʼûԭǸư͡
櫻СĽģҲôʱ䡣
һӵĻ˵κ֮ǰѾ˵һˣ˵»ᱩ¶ֻסڡ
Ѫ«úҪˣʱҲճҲ˯ϾΥĴѪ«ЦЦ֮ҲˣⱲҲˡ
ص֮ǰǸطٿһ櫣֪˼ǳСۣΪǸط׵ģκҡڵسֹôˣ櫻ûӰӡ
⼸ѾĳһССĺ롣
ҩӣͦϲźӵģĺ岢Ǻܺáʱźڴ϶Щ£֤ģԵҲ̫š
һջ»һҽŲдѾʼѧϰˡλ뿪ڶ˵Լѧܼ֡
ҲֻӲͷƤǡ
ִ˶֪ȰѧҽҽѧǸܲпĴӣҡָߡⲻŴҽǺõģһͳҽ
ƴļǻе˾ʲôʱͻȻھӼĴͽˡھӼҵĴʮʮ̴ͣ棬ƽʱϲǰҰ˵ԡ
ǰ´ڸвߵʱôʼΧھǷ£ھӴһ۾лˣ˸˲һ˵ʲôĶرзִ磬ϲ졣
صİ˰֣ڻ¶ߵ˵û¥˸Ĵģ֪ʲôͷִôأ
¥ٲͦһҿջ
ջ˸ʲôֵģѵǵҪȥ˯ƽҰ𣿡Цŵֵɲһ˵ʾͺͳ˲ͬ
ţôͬˣ
˵û˵֣˸һ
˾Цˡ
˵:߽Ĳ𣿳é®Ҳʱʱ̱̿Űѽ˵˿ǳõˡ
ǰ߹㶮öһ㡣չ˵Ĵʲôͷ
ĴãȻһ룬ԺxѩҶxǣһļһ£ߵʱꣿɱǰȥõĻ¥лԼָף
ⶼĶİǸָ׶û֦Ҳм㵹˵ˣǸʹһѡ
뻪뿪¥ʱѾȥ£ڵҲһѧͽŵһӡʢ˻ĿǰŵĵȼһһǡƼˣ
е鼸̤죬ʱը⡣ʱһֱŸȥҲδãҲԸһʽˣͲϲӵĽؼѾϰˡ
鲢⡣
Լ仪°ҹ˯ʱμôһˡ
˴һ޵ĺɫϹŨŨױ˿ݡ
ͷԹԶǹİһ
ǰλãǽеͻȻŻ³Ӳˡ
ͷ亹Ĵӹ𣬽Ŵӹӷм͸¹⣬˰Լͷϵ亹
е硣
Ҳ֪ôͻȻεôֱȼеĻҪʵڿʱǺģġΪеʱӽģеǼζòȷǴЩģͭпġ
ëȻʱ˵Ǿ仰
ӵ𣿡
ôһ仰ûڹһֱ㣬ʱԺ˯˹ȥ
ҲǸʱ֪ԼﻹһֱǼǹµġԭĵʶӦòǺǿˣʵĳ̶ԴԼʾ
ԼҲܺԼһ³
Ϊʲôôأ

ϰֽˣһϰкȴû϶Էں˵껰һֽ
ͷһյֶɫ糣ĺϰ˱Ȼһȥ˺Ժ۲Χû˺ֽ
д:ǣ¥֡
ȵȣµʯ֮뵽ǰٲõĴ˵Ļ
˲ʶ˴˵ǸˡӦþǡ
˺ʶġ˵ĹϵӦ˵ѡ
յֽЩӣΪ֪ô˵ļȷʵǸӡֻʱޣڰ衣
ԭһŮˡ
ʶʱеǰˣʶ¥ҵһԺǰ˾Ÿ¡ҲǾûз裬ǲԸ˱ץġ
ô찡
ͻȻʶӵһȫûа취Ӷôҵܸһ㰲οˣ¸²ȥ֡
ȣȿɣһûأô뵽
ֽȼպĻҳŪɾߺȻһӵ𣿡
ŵ˲ͷȥ
ȴֻ󻨴ӷ
⡱һµ˲ϣŻ¡һ£֮Ⲣ

28 ҹ

²ûȥ, Ϊ֪ŽҲ
˻ҪǶ˵ʵʵİݺá硱˲Ҫġ
ʢ֮ǰ˵, ȷĳ߻ħģǾͰƽ, ǣԡʾԷԼݣȻöԷƽ뿪
ǱŵصĿ, ôأŵѾ, ЩӰٲ뿪ˡġģ͵͵͸¶һϢʱգ˵Ļȡ硣
ڰٲ̨ĵĵȴԸϹķҲʵڲСʢϣǸԼӴˡߵϢС֪
컪Է, ĺ춹࣬ġ
ô˵ˣһʼұΪϹ, ôԽԽˡ
˭֪ǾҹݶϿ֨֨, Һ¸סҲžܰĵ, ¸Ҫסˡ
ҪǺµĻ, ҲסҲСЦŵ, ҲѾסϰ, Ҳ鷳
⼸ʵһֱһ¡ղԱһֱЩֵͻȻ˵ǲǵǰٲ˵ʱ򣿡
Щ֣ƽʱࡣʱǴǰʼģһ˵㲢֡ǶһͶ˵ҪŴеļ
һֱ뿴ô£ʵղ¸硱ʱûôѾúˡ
Īɵˣ
ˣòˣԷأθڡ˰֡
Ҹ˵㵹ʲôθڣҲ߿ͺһ䣬ʲôʲôϵ㵱û
¿ȻϴˣĪе㰲ġЦ˵ԼĪѾŰϰߣ
ҲûϾһҪͦ鷳ģ͵ͷغࡣ
첻Сһɫ·Ҿһֱ˵˭Ͼ书ͦߣͻȻҲ벻ףСطƣûʲôġ
򶯿ӵûˣͷĻûı飬ܾ²ۡԲ𰡣ҾһƵСطĴ򡱡
Ȼþˡٸһԡ
°ͣ˵
˵Ǹˣ᲻أ
˻һںĻͻȻ͵ķһ
ϵ˶ȥһʱĴ϶ž档
ע⵽ҶڿԼǣ˰ֵû£ȵе㼱̵ˡ
һߵ²ˮڣſڸպһµĲ͸Ͻ˹ȥﲻ𣿴Էأ鷳΢һ
¸Ȼ̵ˣֱ´½һ㣬ƽʱô갡
֪Ҳ֣̳ʲôˣһҪҪҩҲ˵
һ߳һſߣǱ̵ˣͻȻĻҧͷˡ
Ϊ˲ñ˿Ǳסû̵ģҪһҧԾˡ
ôµô׼Ҳ˵׼ʵǲ´ˣΪǱǸðƻ
ðƻʵ
¾ԼװԼԺ˵ĵʵ̫ˡ
ȫϹ˵һһֺ˵仰
ⱲӶû뵽˵ǸͬһϳԷ
һƿǸˣûף°ѶԷ˽ȻҪʲô
аҩ𣿡
УУţȥáתȥҩȡˣҩǵﻹͦģ߽ʱҩ
ڹ̨ɢװİҩһСƿȻװõݸ˶Ǹİˡӹҩڻµͣһ¡
úáʶԷڿԼϵļӣһ¡м²ȥϼ룬Щϼ붼յʱĥãһЩʹĽ˶⼸ϼҲЩͷˣǲʹһϲ
İ˽ӹҩתˡ
ܾЩ֣һ̹ںβָоޱȵ
ʱûж룬꣬û۸ոǸˣ˿
˷ȻԻ˵ʶ⸽һլӣ˵Ҫסһʱ䡣˵￴һ
ôլأʡ
Ǯ˼ҵĴүϲǿɹܲôࡣЦ
Űʱ󣬽ˡ
һžͳ˹ȥ˰졣
˵֯ͬϵ˰̫ͬ˵
ͷŸֲûǰȥͽϾԺʱ仹ء
ϰ庮˰죬ƵĳŻµĵط˹վڻǰǵеǸСѧͽ
ҡǲʶһ˵
ôѧͽҪôˣŻֽʣ˵ǵк˲Σȡ㡣
˲ںءҹϸȡ
һǰһ˺Ժ
Ѫ«ߺ󣬺Ժûˣֻʣ
˺Ժ󣬽Ķͱ黹ûб仯͵͵Ĺ۲ˣҲͦҵȻ̬רҵǺǿġ
Ҳǣҵˮƽǿܰƭ
𣿡£춼ûܵʻ¡
ûСµ
أ
ҲûСԺס𣿡
ʱסһӡҵ̬ȾΪĴԸȤԲŻᵽסġǺˣҪ
һȦᡣ
˵ȼ䣬¾ͺ˲εĽ˳ЦŸȻת뿪
վſһֱ͵ӰӣŸпǴĹӰȾǲһ
һĪЦţҲ֪Цʲôתͷȥʣ챻̵ĵطϲذ費ҪЩҩ
áҡҡͷѾõĲˡ
Ǿͺáҩаҩ̵ͣؾõ㡣
»˹ӣͻȻסһ
ղ˵ҩͻȻһ飬֪˰Ǹ˵ﲻԡ

һžµ߰ԭòסˡ²˿ָͬΪݴʦġ
ոպͽ˵ûʲôֵˣǡǡڽ֮ǰһСʱУѾһֵ뿪ˡ
˲ú󱳷
екܶ඼ڲ֪зģһֱԼ鲻ʱʱ̿СĽˡ
ʶǸ˺ֺ󣬻µ˯ڴҹġҪҪȥ˯˵ˡ
ҹ۾죬ڼžҹɫбϳһ˿ϸ΢ĽŲ
桭ˡ


29 

´ԽǰǼŵġʹ·Ƶ¡
˹Ŵ, 󲿷ʱ򶼲òҹ·
վڿһ˵Ľֵ, ľһԸ
ԺǮˣҪֶװϵý̻Իõ, ͸¥ԪʡƵġ
ɫ¹⣬µҰһһ, ػصģ¹ȹ׽͸ȥʱԥһԼҪҪԼıĿȥ, Ͼϣܴλã˿Ǳ˵ͻΪ档
ԣΪʲôҪñ˶Ϊ氡
ЩΡ
ҹ, Ȼ˴ˣִһͨĵ
СΪӦǰǸһ, ˭֪ǡ
¿ĵһ, ʵЩʧ
ˡǸͨëֻЩֵӣֵĿҲǰٲãǰٲõĸڡ
ʹϱֵúʧ, ʵµﻹĵһ
ܲʲôֵˣòǲǡ
˵Ȼ˶, ǾͰھ˳ץɡ
µĽŲëҪĶ, վë, ζһԷĶ˲ӶԷû֡
һֱԷʵŪˣͣҪɿʱһִֻı˳ָָͷ
һֺƽʱ˵ɤ̫һӽ˵㶼򲻿ôҳأ
˱ͻȻֵһ͵ĻͷȥֱûһֵˣȻ
һʼûﲻԣϵϵţͻȻòԾˡ
ŶԷ֡
ϲϼ롣
绪µҲϼһһǽ˵֣϶ǸϽˣΪʲô򲻿ͨأ
ܣװԼǸС͵һǡװ򲻿
ͬʯһͷͻȻһͬҷֵĽƤȫ
վ
⡰Ǵ򲻿һͬĿľ¡
߼ϵ֮󣬻¾ͿǸˡ
һƽһĽ
ȫݲģⶫҲţԴԽԺ֪
͵һ²ۿԼͷһơ
ͷڿл£ ˵ǸĹ¡
ʵﵽԼһͷĵزǿ϶һͨͨ˵ġǻµļȴûгֹһƽʹݵġ
˵һҪ߸˺һµ˭
磿˻ĵ
ûشʱ뱩¶ˣ¶ݵĻ⣬ȵ˵˺˵
㵽˻Ůˣʡ
ºȻԼոýӽ籾˵˵˾仰
ƽʱ˵αװһ˵ѹɤӵġղżȻǸͨҲûϵóñ˵˾仰
籾˵ʵҲеͳһŮ˵¾¥αɵĺȽɤӡԱһ˵ЩŮԻˡ
һֵͳתһĸо
˵˵˾Щԣ˵Ů˵Ѱ˼Ѱ˼
µĴ翴ƫʱˣԶ˲ôһʡ
˵ˡ²ҪԷΪǸɣ
˵ɲǴӣȻոˣǽĵԼشˡ
ȻԷҲȷǲ磬ܴȥһ㡣
˵ⲻ£ĴԶأ˭˭˭˭˽ӣ˭˭˭˭һȣ˽¶ͷԶǲƫƫЩԵģǻ¶Ӱ
Ϊϱͷġ
ѡˣͳһȫûֵС
´ʱùֵֹġ
һֱڱǰ˵ԼЩȫСڱһ˼ʶһ㡰ʵЩܡ
Ҫ˵Ϊʲô¥ԵݡΪôñ˿ʵ˵һֱ͸Źɲȫĸоòڡ¡һ磬ðȫһЩ
˵һָо¾ǲԼˡ
ϾרΪ˱Եġ˼ûϣͻ˸˵֪ǲ磬ͽ̡
ǰѽҲǰûʲôֵĽҲǺý
ʵҲûôżȷʵһ֣Ǹǲ࣬ӸղžͿԿóˡ
ԷڰȻ󻹸͵ϮȻֻ˻µһͷ
Ҳˡ
±ȽϸȤǶԷǸߣһôµİ߽
˵һᣬվܲס޵ɱȳ˹ֶԾҪ۲Էþãкܶʵ˶ס
ΪǰҪȶԡơܶڶԡơһ׶ξͰˣֻܲȡȷˡ
ڶƷûΪвɱˣѧĸṦһڿ졣
˵Ľֳˣµ۾ǽֻͣһ̣˵Ӱ˲䷢һ
գۼѾ˵
ˣһŻȵߡ
ҲŻ£¶Ĺ仺һƺ졣
°ԼĿڴһƵߵ˵ǰ棬뿴׳ʲôӡ

¸ô쾹Ȼˣ糿ʱȵķؾȻûϣӺ͹̨ҲûҲûڣֵһȦȥ򣬡¸ôû𴲰
Աߵ˸ĹУǲȥûļ
ܰʲôû˯̤ͦʵİ
ˡʲô°ɣ
ܳʲô°
ǲͻȻ˵ԼҪڴҹţҵʱ;е㲻ԣûҶʣ㣬㣬Ͻȥȥ
ҴææĻȥöһ˵Ҫȥңһ˵Ҫȥң˵Ҫɴȥմˡ
˵أѻµһƣⲻ𣿡
ҴææĽȥֻ˯棬˿ȴַɫԣôжв
¡
£
һΣȫ߰顣
£һϤ
һ˲䣬Ȼ鶼ˡ
һΣ֪Լ۾˺ɫΪǸҲ˵ͬĻ͸ϴ˵һģһ
Ҳоˡ
ǹǿҵĲܿƵĸڶıŷԼһڸȫס
¾ذĶ̶̼룬ȵѹʱɱǸˡ
ĵ˵ĲӾͲô̶̼ס
Ǿһ̣ͣסˡ
ĴȱԼûѪ
һ¡
ݺݵضԹԼֱһ¡
ʹһ㣬ȻҲƵĻص˰ٲá


30 ͬһ

ʵ˵ºԵֱͬһ
ΪԵҲӵġ
ԭǸͦˡ¥һ߲, ƽʱĬĬŵ֣ǹõһӷеԭǡơ, ԸҲ¥ʵʵĶȹôһ
, һװɸкӵӲǸõķӣΪ¥ĳ˵˱ŮҪȫĶ, ˵糤ûͦÿպʹҲ˾һ߻߲, ̡
ϧȥ硣
ΪһִŮԣڸⷽ翴Ҫ͸Ķ࣬һ˵ӽǡ
Ҫ˵Ǹͦˡ
, һֱ۾ûܺһ˫ɫ۾ĪԤСӦòǣͺϴ櫵ʱһ
ʱ鵹Ҳƽûֳ˷ĸо
վЩȷоԼԱŸ, Ի»Ǳ۾ڴϴһᡣ
Ź, ²ò۾ˡ
һסǸ׼·֡

һ
Ͱٲ˴ʱֻֻ»ԲѣҺҽݡµĶͷ, ̵, ֿµһӡ
æȥյҩȻ׼ϵĿӡ
ʱûµЩ, ˵һ˲, ǿ϶᲻ͬ, ǻµͨ˻Ҫ΢һ㡣
֮Ͳֻ̫һˡ
Ļǲϻʲô, Ž⿪·հַȥͿթʬһˡ
ķΧһʱʮֵء
ǺһˣӵĻ£Ȼе㺦£İ˼£оȻĳһ仰󣬴
¶Ŀʮ룬ȻͻȻթʬһˡ
ŵһͷ亹
ƻպͿˣԲթʬôһйһٰ֮ûʲô˿ڣֻǼ򵥵İһֶѡ
ⲻ֪һεǰظεġ
۾һ˲䣬뷨ǡ
ԭԼ۾Ǹذ
硣
ԺĴӴˣܣҵͭԼǲ԰׵ɫֿ˿˫糣ĺ۾˿
Ѿ뿪ˣߵʱ򻹰ְáԼŵʱɫŵٲõˣ͵ЩˮëմʪϷ
nb s һ¿ͭеԼϽȾѪɫëʱպ˵ġ
Ȼȥ·ԼͰ͵·ӵһߡ֮ͷȫʰĸɾ߳ӡ
򿴼ʱһ£ʲôʱõģ
²ôԸ˵˵ոա
Ǹôˣ
¿˿Լ֣˻ʾûʲô£һСëСı˵ˡ
𣿡Ǹëôˣ
Сıˡź˵
ԱߵһȽϴĴ⣬ѹûע⻪µֻ֣ë־ʹ˹Сë㶼Ըˣôţ
³Ǳ߿һۣͻȻԶ
ˣûʲô£տΪ˷纮ɣһʱҾͦġ½͵
ְ˰֣ʾ΢㣬˺Ժµʣû˵¸˵ɣ
ûûСҡҡͷ
أ
ҲûС
Ǿͺáµ
ôţؼĴ˹Ҿ˵˵²򵥰ɣǲǸŵйأ֪϶˵ġ
ԣ¿򣬷ǳĵ˵ͷ
Ȼʱ䶼ĵĸܺһܵǰȥ˼ң֪Ǽ㲻֪Ҳ㡣
Ȼˣֻµ
ں濴Ҳһ˵Ҳ̫ˡ
Űٲʰû컪°ûϰ࣬ĻͦġΪɫѾܺˣʣµ˾ָĲˣֻǸԷ纮ʲôģʱڵµֵ׳꣬»ָҲܿ졣
ʵǡ
·ղΪ纮˾ټвصһӱˣԲźȻ
ڻûôǰЩӱĵһʹˡ˵˾ܲܺˣôоϳ°
·еƮһֻЪһЪ
ЪϢã׼ʱźȻƿʢˡ
ʢ
򿴼ʢʱҲЩ棬æϣմôˣ
֮ǰĿǴξۻʱʢ˵ԼԺٲõĴΪˣŸ˸
´¥ӱŵӣ˵ʢ˽ܲ˵ϾͶϵġʢ±˿ʲôԸ°һ ϰ嵱ͲԼ;ˡǽͻȻȴҲʵ
ߵΰʢ⼸߲̫ƽ
͵͵Ŀ˻һۡ

˽⣬˽⡣ͷҸϲ衣
˳㻹һԵߵȥݲˡ
¾棬ʢҲû
ʢ߹Ķ棬Сĵʲô£
ˡʢҲСĺͻ˵ˡ
㣿һ;

һȥű˰ʢ˵⸽˸Ⱥˡ
ҹҲĥˣܰɡҹȥˣҲû⸽ʲô˰
ȻǸ˺һУ˵ǸӡСһ㡣ʢܽûʱȥͷˣֻԹˡ
һ£ֿʼò˼ˣ˲⵶ȺǸӣ˲纣ϵĵһһĿȻ
Ȼᡣ

ͻȻĥζˡ
һ˲÷ǳӵòһֻ첲סԼı飬Աߵʢ˵ǱҲǸʿǻɽɵ˴ţ׼߿ܲģôһˡ
˳ʲôӣʡ
ͦݣһҹ£ܺ˵ǸͦŮɫһĳ
ʲôǲ˵ˣ
ģºԼ۾ֻ죬ֵǹӱ˵Ŀ˵ϢԼͻƽģĲܷһºƮζʲô
šʢʵǸ߻ħ˺֡˲̫һ
ôһˣ
ҪɱǸʱͻȻõԼ֣Ȼˡ
µ̩ɽʢ˵ԼСŪãҲˡ
֣˵һķӶԼʢ֮ǰʮͤʱҲһ£ܾͬһġ
ʮͤü
ǵõʱ͵ġһ۾𣿡
ŶǸ˰
ͻȻ⾿ôһˡ
ʱǸСɱһŮˡ
ǵʱ·Ļ³ֹ


31 

Ŀĵһ㲻ϵκһ, һݲ, ֪ò, һ֪ˡ
ĿгԱ֪Ϣ, ϢڶʱѾŵĻ¼, ȻҲ֪ܿϢ
֪ˡ
֪Ϣʱһڡ
Ҳ, ҲҲסߣҲܰæ, ʢ϶ġ
ǻµ鲻Ǻá
һˡԣӦ˵һŮ˵ˡС
, еͳŮ, Ů, , ӡ
е˼µЦЦѾ, ȴһֱڿԼ𣿽ϾȻһˡ
Ǻ۾㶼˼ɣĬĬ롣
˵˻ܿסԼ𣿡, ˵ִЩأ
ͨ˶ôһִ, ˵˸, ֮磬ָˣҲ˵ִǻˣ, һ仰
Զ׼ĶǸˡȤ
¾ûϢܱˡһϡˡûôһѹ
ʵ¶Ŷһ, ˵ǶҡһЩ˵Ļ
Ҷ֪ӡǲܿƵ, ԲŻЩ߻ħ˲ȡôķ
ͻȻճһȻԼֹԼˣԭʲôе˴һ𺳡ͬʱҲôҶŨȤ
˾˭أ
ûǰʲôˣ
ƾʲô־ֹԼ´µأ
ʢ˶еᣬΪͲ֪ûз費Ҫȥץľٶ˵û°ǴɱǸ˵УֿԿΣԺܸߣ˵ʲôʱͻƲסԼ
ĿǰոĿµǡǸ˳ʧǰһҪץס
˶϶˼ʹܿסԼҲֻʱġһ죬᳹׵׵ʧء
еˣ־ǿļһŨŨȤ
ֱڣҲһ˵㾿
Ҫ˵ˡǶЩ޿ɾҩ˸Ȥһ
κճһʿȻҲסȫ㲻˵ˡϱӺҲûϲֽ͵Ľɫɣ
Ҫ˵ڡҲǽ͵ġ衱ô˸ӵ趨̬ô˷ܣӷ趨̬ͱȻζأ
±Լʮ㣬䷢Լ˼·еһ©
еȺм䡭û˵˭ܿסԼġʿġ
ԡ̸ֳܱ֡ʿȤأ
Բ𣬴ˡ
裬ߵߣȻѲ豭˸ʮº͵˵ӣȲɡ
Ѳ豭ϴĸɸɾĳǰЩӹĺò裬Ҷڱź˵ľ
תͷʱϵıƺ˷ϣ˴̸̸һ
ƽĿ
ȽµϵЦ𽥵ȥ
¿е֪ۡΪɶÿʱĶḡֳһθС
ܸоû취ȥ˼ҵԸһ
ȿȡĿȻԻʵʵ˵һлл
µ
Աߡ
ǸͦˣȻԱ̬ʱԼһʵʵı̬ʱƢ̬Ҳǻ᲻ġ
ڡ
¶˲˵лл¸˵ʲôڻǰȻҲĻ˵
Ƕôһ£
Ҳôаˣż¶һЩϸлǿԿóʵﻹӣֻڻµǰһЩ
Ƿǳһָо˵ϱӵĽ·ǰxһǴʱ˿ԻµĽװԼҲʰİġ
Ϊͬʱ̬Ļе㸴ӣͬʢ»Ϸһ¿ҲϷȻ棬ȻΪϷȥӰԼĹ
Ѿ֮ǰЩ䣬ĺͽˡ
Ͼ˵Ĭ̶ֱӰ⸽ΰ
ڰٲôûþˣ²ӣʰʰҩģʵҲûʲôǸˣȻѽ˷;оǡ
Ϊֹûг֣ǰѻⱲ˸ˡ
ԡ
ԡ
ٲûˣһӣ֪Щʲô
ļһֱӰģģǶûҪ׺ݡ
ԵĻԶҪˡʵҲѱ֤ԼԵʱ᲻˲ͱɺɫ۾
ԼͦõģٷѸ˸ȱݣαҪһڽɱȻӲĴȥһأ
ŵ˶ˣֻҪ֤ԶԡҲƽȹȥˡ
ڻ̫۾ĿģʽĿǰΪֹζϵйء
櫣ԡ
Ϊ̫ںԣղ˸³
ˣ²ں԰
ӵʱͻȻһɧҵƽʱĻ˵͸ɴ಻ˣǽе࣬Ҹɢһע
һ̧ͷ¾Ϳһһ£ֽˡ
Сﴩôһ³Զ׼ġ
¿£׶ңǰ΢ЩĽǸϤΡ
Ƭ̣ԼǲӦȥŴĲƱʲôġ
ô˭˭ͳʲô
ԣͻȻһ¡
ϰ˵Ӵǵˣ²ǰ˸˵Ϣ͸ȥ˰ɣ
ű۰죬ǲΪǸ˾ġΪҶøֽǶ˵綼ʱһ̬
ⲢŰϢųȥЩ֪棬ڽϡķзϢôһıŸɢȥġ
ô̶һ룬תһ䡣
˼ֻصǰϡ
Χֵܳȫˡ
ڴվ󣬻¾Լ˵ԣЩƽǶڽƤСҲȫ͵͵èſ
ͨȺ˵ʿ̫ټ˵㣬ǶϷŹִ֣֮ͨˡ
Ѿ˳ĻУҲǸ֮ǰһȦӣǺȦ˵Ա
֮ƺŲҲһЩ飬䲻ô˶ţҲԥһġ
˰ٲǰһλãƺʲô¿Ǹλ˵ԼӦǲ¶ˡ
ǵطԼλá
ͷʰҩͻȻ̾˿
ôôɵأ
ȻļƶϣҲûٱſӡ
ǵȵҲŵˣһ˾ô׾ٵĽŵȦףȦ׻ǰڵһƵġôͻȻЩ˽׶ôأ
һȽеף
̾ʱѾ˸ڴµĶʣ㣬⸽ʲô书𣿡
аܿĵĳһָٲϻ书Ķǣиǰء
л˴㡣˷Ҳѹ֣ԣ˺㵽ʺ˵ĵطˣȻиȻӵˣ˳ɾˡ
̧ͷһٲǸҽݣⲻǸˣ
˽պÿվſʰҩĻ£²ɫ
ȣְĲӡ
һһš

۾ϴҴԹܿ͹ȥˣֱźԺȥˡ

һµĿǵıӰ˵Ȼᣡ
㣬㶼ٶ࿴ҵ
ǽʱѹû£һ飬汻˺Ժ
һ㶣˵籾԰æȥԺ׷ˣһ׷һߵһ£Ժ˵ġ
½˺ԺʱǶѺԺҲûҳڶˣǵȻȫˡ
ǡѹûһɾ࣬ºϽĻ¿˵ķ
תͷʻ£ˡȥˣ


32 è̫

¿ǣ֮һֱûǸɫĶҡ
˵Լôʵֲûпɶʱ֪
˰ɡʵ㲻һ, ӡ, ֱ˵ǴˡȽ񣬻Խ
ħΪһŮˡ
ڽ֮, Զһȱٵĵ׺
Ŵѩְʤŵվ, 󲿷Ů̸һ, ߽ϵЩʿҲʢ, õʱ̸ôһҲδɡ
Ȼǵİ⽭ڻζŨһ֡
ȰһŮ, Ů˲ΪиǸǮ, ᣬҲСҲŮˡ
ǸСʵպҲôһ㽻ֽ, պһһʦ, ͷҲԳƵһСŴѩˡ
һǱ, ȻҪܱġ
Ƕʱͳ˸ͷβİȮ, ˶һ겻񣬲ȴҲʵʵڵĶ˶ǸŮ롣
Ҳ֪ѧЩǲǶеͨ, Ȣ绨ҲãȻ濴ʵһɾ, еˮ, ů֪
ĳżȻŮ, , رʹ, һ便ʲô, ǸŮ˾Ͱõ鶼˵˳
֮һļһħˡһֱϲŮ˾ȻôԴСӾôģ
룬ҹҹ룬Է룬˯룬ȥͰԼƷˣ֮ͦģΪ֪ӵʵҪǿܶࡣ
Ǿȥˣǿģ츳ʵͦãǸϵЩȣȫȲ
һͦԩģҲǺܺáȥʱҲһ£ôһԺ۾ȥˣҲʵǵҪȫ˶֪Ǹӡ
һʼôʶأ
ܼ򵥡ǸǣʵǸ˷˿

ڻڸǵ裬һ£رдˣȴȫʱɵ㶵ὣȥŵĳ
鷳ˣһ£ʲôʱڱأûժ
װʲôװ
⺢ӻɵеۣʱ˿վĸǰȴպþͰųˡһߵһߵˣϾͻ
һֱںҵԭ뿴ǵ۽ûкɫ룬û벻ء
˵ѣ绹ûôֹǵ顣
һ˵ݽȻͬ˶ ҲôģʹǹϵԶԡȽϺáˣʵҲֻǽżʸöѡ
ʵͦģϾ¥ġһһ㶼һ
¾ðִ˵˸ʵһȱݵġ
ҪʲôҰ¿Ȳǵ
һ£ûιֻˡô˵ԾͲ̫ˡһǿһҡЩۡ
ۣھ͸ҩȥ˵㶺Ū˼תҪȥҩˡ
һɲа͸ϽȰǸ갡ǿȰ
˵ŻĹأͻˣˡǵһγڿȥԲǺܺá
ûأ¾˵
ѽǽȥ֮󰲾Щ𣿡ġ
Ǽ̫˰ɣ߷߲ƽĵȥʲô̬Ȱ
ϣǡ˼Ҳ̬Ȳˣ
¿δǼ̬Ȳãֻ϶ûоЩ衣
ƽʱŸͷģ˭˶úһ䡰үڸ˼ҳﻹôӲŽٲĳǺүԤʵǲɡ
ȥ˼βģֲǻǮȥģҪ˼Ҷʲô̬ȰԱЦȻǼҵƽʱ϶ýдģԼҲһѵĸܰɣ
Щ޷޲ƽ
ɣȥôһʼҲû˱
ͻȻ˵ˡ
ô˵
ʵǱʼˣ˰죬Ҳֻ˵֣ء
Դĵһ۾Ͷˣһġ˳ڿǸһִһ˵磬㲻ɡ
ʱҲתͷǣæʣǿ𣿵һ£ȥϴһ־
Ƕû򣬡ৡһվֱֱߵߣһͿôֱֱĳ߹ըëļʣ㣬ʲô
ʡ£书𣿡ǵе㼤ǿơ
ʵһͷˮʹƽʱͦ԰ڣʱҲеãȻĻش𣬡ᰡ
һ̣ʹǴŶңҲıһ۱ϳΪҸĽɫâ
ǣ˲;ǰ˾Ǵ˵еˡ
´һۣԽԽ
Ũüۣӣ͡
ǰ˵ȻӲʹǳ ǾԵİܳ࣬ϴ·Ҳǹ©֣ʶһ۾Ϳó
վһ𣬱֤˶˵ǴǸ
˵ոպ˵Щʵͦˣ˵˭֪صĵطھְ
ͽһں棬ĸӵĸԼ˱裬һ
մˣԲ㣬Һ㶪ˡ
ҡºҪ겻ҵˡ

ǵڰٲԱߵһջ˯µģߺ͵͵ĺͰٲ˵˹ֵֹģоˡ
ר𣿡ʡ
֪һͷˮҲûڽϵʲô˰ѵҵܣܡ
һ˼Լ⣬˵װɲװͦɹͻȻװеװˣѹҲװΪʲô״
С꣬ʣڴ˯¶ǣǰԣţһڴ˯ɡ
Ҳͻȥ˯ˣͽһҹڴѱ̺ãȻ
һߵĿջҲոʰãջϰˮ˹˳°ٲϰҲǸ̸ģ˰졣
һʼй£Ȼ鱾ʵҲǺΪҲڻ֮Ÿġ
Ҿֻ֪ӦͦǮƽʱƢЩܸת֮ҲͲ֪ˡ
ԼЩˡ
룬ĪΪģ
ҵ裬ǸôϢ
ΪԵܣǼҪżص׵ġ
ǵʮּᶨ
ϰﲢǺϲ飬ΪƽʱҲôЩ˵ԸܵǰٲԸƵģǴ򽻵Щˡ
˵
˵¡
¿Ǹ˰ϰ֮ɸɾˣÿһָɨһ飬˵ҲƢãϴü֢ģ
£
ǹ˲˺ˣ뵽˽ڰٲſڿǸʮֿˡ
ϰƺʮֵƳ磬ͣؽǶʵôȤ
˴꣬ͻȻиӰӶݶԹ
ţʲô
ҪȥȴٲѾȳȥһˡ


33 è̫2

ǿǸܳȥӰʱ˲˷, ҲĸǸӰ˳ȥ
Ϊ, ʶľôΪˡΪ˵ٶȺܿ, Ҳܸɴ䣬ͷ׷˹ȥ, 뿴ôġ
׷ȥȻǴڴڻû˯ŵĻ¡
ж֮ʶľһ׷ȥ, ͸ǰһ
˼ͲԼ˸ˣлһǾ˭, Ǻ°ǰ˸, ûüͷֻǰܡ
ݶϷɳ۶ˣһһʮйɣ˷ġ
Һûж˳ŽϿ, Ȼ䲻Ƽ˿¶һ¡
׷һСëǺ׵, ȻҲһСë, Ҳǹˮˣˡ
Ҳǳɴ࣬׷˼׺һŴӱǸ߷Ȼŵ, ͳԼСӣ׼, ͷβû˿
ҪǶлῴ, 治ǰ׳Է
Ͻ, Ҫûٻȥ˯һ
Ȼ͸ôһǸˡ
תͷ֮ǰ˭Ϊ·ˣǡǰձץ˵ͬ
ͷҶôϲŻ𣿲ãҪͬͰ˰һһݶϴһޣûи顣
̬һۣȻ󡭡͵İͷת˹
ȥǣ
ȻᣬôͻȻðˣ֮ǰţ
´ʱ˿վԼӦ˺þãʵҲͶ̶һ˲䡣ʱ˿̾ͷǳľᡣ
ڵ˵Ӧõ¶Ȼվǵǰһʮŵ̬ȱҾ磡
һԾoocˡ񲻻ôɵԵİԼݸ¶˰ɣ
¶ô򵥣ǻ᲻Ȧףɴˣ
ԡӦתߣ
һ겻ŵⲻҲĿΥ
Ǹ̬ȣһ궼²ʵݣòôһᣬᶼ֪ⱲӶ֪ˡ
ȵȣΪʲô־ˣͻȻ˵˰ΪʲôҪ˹״̬
ԽԽ˼ʱѾˡ
侲㣬粻Ҫô£ص˼·ȥ˼һºˡ
һһʱȥʱ˿ûŵȷȷʵʵڰٲʱ˿ӦǸʲôӦأ
ȣĵһӦӦתܰɣΪȷȷʵʵĺԼݱ¶ɡ
³Լһξ룬Ṧȸո׷СëٶҪĶ࣬ۿ˾Ҫ׷ˣ͵ݶȻȫӦʱʧ
ǱҪ׷ˣھܽʱǰ˺ȻһֳѰٶʧǰ⧲
¿ʵе㿴·ɫҲֱ治ֻܿǰ˸ɴĶϴǼӦʱϵЩɵ·
ܵǰղŵǸСëѾһߣ洦ĸɾ䣬ûһ©һ
Ҫ˵ҲʵڣҲûŸղ֮ǰӸ壬ɰһǵʲôġβĸɾ䣬֤ͷ˿Ҳ
ǵͷǸСëëѾȫ֪ʲôе㱻ɵˣԼĳܸܲɵ㻵£ͻȻͱһĪûĸ˴ӱŵˣỹûӦ
㿴ղ˳ʲô 𣿡Ҳûϻ⣬Сëɵˣ˻ŷҡͷ˵ûû
һֵСëΣݶϴȻԼҲ˿ջ
»˰ٲãʱһۺõǾ᲻ݽҵȴ־뷨е˵Ρ
Ǹ˱еԽҰ춼ûϳأôƾ΢¹ͱϳǰǻ£
˸뷨²컹ɣѽԼϳҲǲܵ£ӱҲֲ˭˭Ҳֱӹûгš
ˣô˯ɡ·˸ʵҪҲ֪ݣǿھû벻ɷӡ
ݡԵɡ
İ磬ȥϢǡڰٲԭƻҲûʲô𰡡

ڶ죬糿ʱ˯е㲻
ֻºȻǸСëݶˣҲ֪ǲǾݶϴôһ޷硣
ˣһ޳ԣһɫ
кڶʱҪôɫҲǿˡ
𴲣ϴ
۽µǿź뽥ĿʼԳԼĴڸУϾɫеƫ룬ˡ
ŵ䷽ǺܺãΪġϡɫôġ
Ȼǿ붼Ѿôˣ»µҲӦֻʱ⡣
ʰӣ׼꣬˺ץë˳𣿡
˲࣬Ҳôˡŵȫȥˣû𴲵Ǳ˶͵͵Ŀų⿴
ͻȻץ˸ëҵĺȫʵҲûץץ֮ǰ͵ûôĹַھҲ֪
ȫ̽ͷ濴
ֻһ֪˾ԼץˣᱻѲֵĲѹŻš˾ٲõʱ»վſɹ죬úͻ²
ûɰɹ죬Ҳȫûע⵽ĿܳŵˣֻǸŵͷǰߡ
ŽֵˣôƽƽĲ
ƽƽ氡
°Ӵɨɾһ̧ͷɿ˶Ŀջ¥иšۼ⣬һۿվڴߵǣ糿ûңҲûüϴͷɢڼͷ¶һŸɸɾмľ
۾˲䳯ǵ۽ȥ
ɸɾģʲôûС
Ҳͷ˻£ɾͿվ棬ɹ·µЩʱȷʵٵĹϵ˾̤̤ʵʵģֺصĸоȻҲʶµģ΢΢һ㶺󣬾ͺͻµ˸ͷк
¿ǵ۽¹һƬ󣬴˿
ҲһЦЦͦĵģתŰٲȥ
ǻû衣
ûͱȽϺðˡȻˣҲ໨˼ˣϽű
£͵ڵˣ¿е㿪ԼҲˣֶǿһͨһ㣬ľ˲١
ǿŻµЦվ˰죬ĿŻµıӰȻùֵֹġ
ղŻ¶Цһ£ȻǱʲô߬һ£˵ĸо
ԭڻûʲôӡģͻȻͰסˡ
˸ղſЦʲôأ


34 è̫3

𣿡¿ǵ
ǽϺͻڴңңһۺ, ûþ˰ٲá
ȻΪ, ڻû𴲣µõһܳǵ˱, ԼתȥʰˣǾһߺȲ裬һߴŰٲá
ٲôʱ˿̾ͻһˣڰҩװСƿ, ȻƿӷڡҲû˿ԿԾں涢Ż¡
ǹ˵ʱ, ;˵Ӧҽݴ򣬵쿴ŷ, һ򶼲, Ϊǲµġ
ֻѧͽŻ, Żһʰ, ڴûǰжá
ں濴Żе֣µظÿ糿飬ĸ֮, ÿһ趼ȵġ
ʵͦϲһʰ裬Ϊ˵ľ
һʼµ˰ٲúʵǺƽ, ǻ¥Ǹûлָר־һº, Իſ, Ƕһ˵ʱ, вҪ˼κζ, ڵʱ˵ֱܡ
ö֮ϲĹ
İҩķֺ, ÿһװϸϸ
ǿǰͣȥĻ£Ǿȡ
ȻȵĵҲѾȹ˵ĵ㡪濴Ǹѧͽǵ۹ǴŻǳ˵Ӧóֹˡ
һʼĿȷʵģκһֱֻлǰȥͻȻ糿ڴ̨ǵһЦ
ǲʱЦʲôûЦͦÿʾ˰ģЦҲĪĸо
Ȼ֪ʱЦӹһ١߼µЦȷʵǻ˰ĵġ
˼ʵûз̫ڻµϣһ߹۲컪£һŽ
׼һò˯úòðϵǲǲϴ·ǲе󰡡
ǵУӦǸܿиԵɱ֣͸ϵĴ󲿷ɱһģ
֮ǰѾһ߰衣
Ҫ˵ִΪʲôôأ
Ͳòһĵ

ŴѩΪʹúãԽԵڶ࣬Ҷº趼СԵܡ
ʹһ£ԵҲôġ
ʹǽرϲ˴Ŷڵͽִѧִһ
ôŶҪһΡдʱ˿̵뷨
Ҳͣص˴ѰĴ󲿷˵뷨
һЩʹУǾʵʵ
ʹ籾ǸʱûǰҲǲ˵񣬾Ϊֶµĵ
ڻµʱһ˵񡣶һ¥¼ĳЩ˵Īһȱʱ߸Ĺ⻷Ϊ±統ҪĶࡪɱ¥ǰ¥һȺɱֵ׷֮زز
еʲôӣӦȴִŵ㲻ײġ һԸ⡣
¥ӳǰ¥йѺŵļɱֵĹ¶ǣһЩ֮ǰѺʿǸ˳
ʵٸǱ˵Ĳ࣬ǽ֪ĵǲ١
ٶȷʵǳ˵ϣв˶²͸ٶǳʲôԷʽ¥״˵һ̣ΣҲͻһ֡粻֪ܲתȥ˹¶ʿ
в˶ٶ˵Ϊ׷ųôһУ¥Ĺ¶Ƿųӻٸ׷ٶȣ˷ųӻа׷ٶȡ֮ҶûκĿľͷЩ˵ġ
ΪҶá粻ô򵥣˭һɱְôȫûκĿĵľַֺõأ
ܶࡣ
ǡȴΪǵصУһصԸϣûκĿĵȥ˵ġʵҲ뷨е˵ڣҲֻԼһ˵һԸ
ʵҲûκ
Ҳܺģ˭˼ԼһԸ뷨˵ڰ
ǾͲҡ
ʵһ棬жòͦġ
Ȼûд˵ôϵ£Ҳòã󣬲ûо̫衣
ȻЩطо̫ԣܵ˵Ҳ˴šҲû̫Ҫ˼ұ˷ǵúԼеһģһδ̫ǿˡ
ȻҲӴĻᲢ࣬ҪǽӴĶ࣬ǡͲô򵥡
֪УĲѾ˴롣
ʱԱߵĻ߹ҪҪЩ裬ǵ˵ͷ
ˡǿŻ룬Ǹܰȵˣ˵ĸоʮֵİġ
һֺżȻͬĸо
ӦѱģǷаӥһж޹ءҲǵģҲỪ¡
ʵͦ˵ģЩʱ˻Ҫۺܶ࣬ǾȻļԼķʽȥ
͵Ǽ򵥵ʰӶʰô档
ǰʵô˵Ӧͦ˵ӡòΪ̫ˣʵֻǺߡû˵ֻԼ¡
Щˮˮĸо²ǣҲ̫ǻԸˡ
ôƽµļȥģһֱȵ𴲣Ȼ´ȥ˾൱ûκνˡ
µᰴմԭǸ켣ȥչ
±βҲʣ󼸸ûûȥˣʱͻȻͷϴ֨֨ѽѽɻ̧ͷȥͿһûĴͷϱӼ
ſڰС˵ļϣȻ۾ĶһߵŶϡ
һèƶ񣬾֤밤ˡ
¼ǵױò˴ǮģŪȥǾͿԳˡ
һòƲ˻һ֮ԾʹӻµͷɹȻһצ͵ŵһӡ
n bs ǸŶһʮ
ǧһ֮ʡʶĶˡ
˵ʶġ
һѽԼлŵɴӵһߣȻȥıӡ
ڹ²µģ֮ԾԼҲһãȻĵֽӱæȥץ󻨡
⻰˵еңʵܿ죬̧ͷҲֻ˶̶һѡ
ȫƾԼıܷӦ
籾˸󱦹ĲƸһ籾˵ļ䣬Ǽ䡣
󲿷ʱʵԼҲ㲻̫便ôģҪõʱԼͻĳˡ
ʱ˿ȫƾż˶ģҲûҪʲôΣ˵Ҳ֪ҪʲôΡ
﷢һССġˡһèС
һӹȥ֮󣬻ѾĪèñˡ
ǸǱʶ˦ȥģҲûȵ䵽ϡոǸˡġ
ץŴ󻨵ĺƤԼ۾Բģֳһ
Ч
һ°Ѵ󻨷˵ϣȥȥɣˡ
һߵȻʰղŵЩҹʲôҲû
ںŴ졣
ĬĬؿŻµıӰûϡ
Ҳ֪ڿڱǣڳء
ʲôµĳֲܶԱ˵ģĺΡ
ѽһϰʱô찡
ʱֱӸ˼˵ǱûµǿԣſֱӷߡǻԼ⵽ɰ
ʱʱʢ;òףҪǸİ壬ҲôεȥڡĿ͸԰׷ˣǻ²
ôֵܱĸһأ˵ôֵܱĸǴеһأ
ܲԶֶȥɣ
ҲǸҵĵĺӰأԺϡϡѾˡ
תͷڿͶӦѾˣһᰡҰȥ
һᣬȻĵ˵ͷţţá
תȥ˺Ժ̤Ժĵһ룬ͷ۵½ý㶫ˡʵǷ˵͵æϣķˡ
˺Ū˵Ĺô˵Ĺͦǿġ
˻ᣬͿˣǵ˽ôˣǲеûţ
ߣòƾȥˣû¸סˡܲͷĻͷ˻һֲۣĸ֡
ס˵¡µ
ƾʲôģһˬ
ҪҵģҾͽһУϴڴöС
ԭ˵ʲôţô˵ͻȻĻȥˡ


35 

ϰҲĹ˰ٲáԺ, ¾Ͱǵ
ǣǵáϰֻ͸¶𣿡
ҡҡͷ
û¡ϰתͷο˻, ²ǿ, Ѿˡ
ϰǸͦƵСͷ, ʢϵͦ
ʵϰͷûҲǾúܲ׵ģڻµĿʢһ, ûԸʵЩ̫Ϊˡ
ʵͦŻµģƽﵣΪЩѹ̫, ʱʱȰһ¡
¶ϰܸмȷʵǸˡ
ϰ尲ο²ҪżҲûе, ĿѾ, ֯ķչЩ̾˻֮, Ŀ˻϶ѾٵĴڲҲܴӽϢ
ǽչٶһ, ˵ȷʵӦҪоżġ
ѹûʲôˣ»ҪϿ۳ʲô
ҼȻǺһѵĹϵ, Ƿһôأ
뿪֮ǰԸʾ, ҪΪǸŮݵ̫
ڼȻѾ˷һ, ЩԶ㡭Űɡ
ϰ˵һҪ¡
û³ȥڽϡ¶һ֡
е˼˰ϰ˵Ļ, 뷨ͷ
Ǻ۵С۵Ż࿴˰, Ϊ, ֮һԲ, յ, ʲô
㻹𣿡ǿıе㽩Ӳĵһ£Ȼǰ춼
ǿ˵һôڣǷһأ
˵̣ȴͻȻ˸ղżĻ£ղͻȻ֣ͬʱס˱Ӻèǽһᡪʵú˸Ŀɿڴ
ԭһһģǸղż˻ͻȻ־ͱеġ
ڷСӰйʲôҲ˵߳ǻ´ӦһЩ£ˡ
ܿģСڰ첻ǻˡ
ʲôأ˰죬̲ס˵һ仰˲Ǳһ㡣
Լȷʵ˻ͦʱ䣬ֵֹģԼǰһʱ᲻ʲô˵ȤֻǷ
԰ⷢôأ
ڻ³ǰû뵽Ȼ书ΪǸ˿Ͳ̫ǻ书ˡǸղǾһĻȴ֪ǻģ˵صĺ
ǻºԴûʲôرĸоְèͱӷһߣʮͨƽʶʣһµҲȥʡ
ҲûʲôϵˣǻһԸмˣͺð˼ҡ
Ϊոձһ¸Ūͬʱȴи˵ͷԺС
ͷ˵ӦʮֻҿЦģ˵ȥûаʵе֣ڤڤ֮ȴǴʱ˿Ķ
ͷ˵˵ڡ
᲻ءôأԸһˣ磬
һе£ˡһᣬҪڣԼĶ͸ɴվ׼뿪ٲá
ûסֻܿǵıӰ˵˾䣬Ī
ԭϰĵأˣȻǼҴҵҪţʶһµһ£ھҪȥ㲻һ𣿡
ΪǺò׿Լġˣô˵Ҳͷε˵ϺóʱɣǵõʱͿˣֻ˵˼仰ɣ
ЩͷǵģͷԾͲǺѣ䲻̧ͷһ¾վԼǰ˶һ顣
վ̨ϣ͸ߣڱǻҪһͷͷǵı顣
Ǳһʼģ˱仯ͻȻܵʲôһ۾üëĸıرԡ
仯ûµһӾͱ÷ǳ
һӾһЩ顣
ûûʲôˡǱ£ʱ䲻¾վǰ˵ˣĿİͰ͵˵һתߡ
ôеأϰС˵һ䡣
ûʲôǸǻ˵ʲôԵĻɡ赭дĽ˹ȥ
ŸղǵǸ飬ȴʼе㷭
Ҫʱû˸ҽģʱѾ¥¥ˡȻλϣȴûһ˿Ժ˵֪Ļ
Ǹʱ¥¥Ǹǰµһһˣ󲿷ֶֻܿͷٲֿԿļġ
ʱЩҲʱ־µ顣
֮ͲһκõĻ䡣
»㱼Ҫþ֮УҺһ£Լû¿һЩҳƵļ䡣
Щˡ
ǸղŸǸ飿׸˵ʲôˣ
üСġ˻һ£ȻЩҲǺ
ôˣϰ忴ŻҲһᣬʲôﲻ
û¡ҡҡͷæ¸˹ȥ˵ɣղ˵ˣ

ʢöڻ˵ǿװһ˵Ļ̫ΪˣϴνòƶԻ°ķͦ
ʢǱߺݺݵؿ˻һ٣ʢе㲻˼飬ΪýӦǲԻƳġ
˿仪⣬ݼǳãʮ־ˡ˵˵ĸǸӣİһӡ
ϰղһµʱҲ˵һµģ»Լ˶ò˼顣
Ȼʢˣ
Ϊʲô䣿ÿһµǸ˲ʹһñɹž޲Ļ¶ø˵̫ȥ˵ˡ
һˣȻڱ˻£
˼һᣬҪϰˣҪˣţֿܣûе֡
⣬һ
Ϊһֱ˵УԲ׼齻ġûɣϰʻ¡
ӦáûʲôġµͷŸղϰ˵ļ仰͵͵ݣڽȥһЩ
ʲôѵġ
γڽϵòʶҪ֮ǰͬһҪǺˡϰ
ʣʲôʣûʲô˼
ݵ߻ħ֮ģԸҪ֮ǰܴĸı䡣ϰ֮ǰƢȻЩ䣬ãһҪֳħĸоǿŲˡ
ˡ˵Ŀ˶Ҫݷӣ֪
Ҫٸ˵һ£ǰһ׼ϰ
ʾ˵޷
˺ܳʱ䣬һȽʺġӡģ˰ҲûȵȫźúǷʣĿ¾ֻһˡϰƺЩݵӡ
˻µΣ̽ʣ㡭ԴŮ˵·𣿡

˺óʱ䣬űĳһ֡
ȣǡ㴩Ů˵·̫Ķͱ飬ֻǼ򵥵Ļһ·ЩͿԡϰ御ƽ͵͵
˵ȷʵžֳ̽ʺϻµķӡ
˻ٶҪݼȣ򵥲ˡŵļƻߴһŮ˵·ȻϻױҪκε飬ֻҪ򵥵վ
ҪκݼҲҪκ̨ʣ̱ưͶݣɡҲʺϻ¡
Ͼ͡Ŀ˵Ѿƽһˡ
װһû˸˵粻һӣЧԾˣ籾ʢòŮ
⻹һҪϰû˵漰һЩ֮ǰյйϢ֮ǰһƻֻһ;һЩϸڶѡ
ҪȻԡʱΪʲô׼һ·ء
ϢĿǰ̫ʺϸ߻£Կһ£ϰҲͲû˵ڡ
Żɵºע棬Ժô׵ɵʱżôһΣϰ֪϶ܵĳ̫ˡ
û°ɣĵʡ
ϰ˵;òסΪǸʲôҲʵ˵ġ
˵ֻҪǺͻйӴˣֻҪΪ˲̫ɥĲ񣬻϶ٵչһ»¡
Ϊ¿ǸˣƢ׽档ֵ͵ƢˣһദҶ᲻ľð
ƺܵĳַ̫һڴʡ
㣬ЪһᣬţȲ˵ˣ㻺һϰ忴Ӿе㵣ˣæû²Ҫ룬ǰȰѹҪ̫ʵڲİ취
ϰ֮󣬻ϡϿûκ˶е뷨ʲôҲᶮΪʲô¶ܵ˾š
ԣʱ˿еĸǾŵģŹȡ
ѵľǴ˵еˡ
ǸˣʹǴʱ˿Ҳţ亹ǴӶͷˡ

36 ѧ

ϰĻûһʱ, ǻҲһϲԴеˡ
Ȼе˴е㲻ˬ, ܳҲûʲô塣
¥ʱҲͻУĽ취ֻ
һǳԣһǶɻ
ûʲôº, ͻһС䰲䡣
ⶫʵûбѧȤ٣ʱĲͷ, Լ䵱ϰ, ޾ˢ, ˢ⡭Ҳǲַ̧ͣ, ַ̧֡
һڹȥˣ¾Լƽ˲, ͻȻ硱ֵʱ򲻻ˡ
ȻɴʱһйصĴ¡
˵¥εǸ¥ʼ鷳, ³¥һ˭ͷȥ, ˭ܽīӡ
Ѫ֮ǰг𣿡ϢĵһӦ
¥⻼Ȩ²ѡ¥һ绹е㽻, 統ʱ, ¥, ¥Ҳû֪ʵֻǹϡ
ôһˡ
ԼûйӴ¥ʱһ, Ҳûȶ೤ʱ䡣
¥ǸطͲԻ, ϻ˵ҧ˵ĹС
ƽʱ, ֪ж͡
֮±·ӶĴٽѰϢ¥ܹ㣬¥еĴ̿ͣ¥ĲʿҲһ
ֻϢ⧲ľʹŵĲá
λ¥ѵѾ˵𣿡˶ơ
Ҳһǲ֪¥ĹƳ϶ѾҲӦ֪ʢֻø¥һصӰˡ
¥ʧ¥ɱ˱ųڽϳ˺óһʱ̸ʣһеԴͷ硣
ڽ˵ﻹƮûҲ֪ټ¥һͽ֮ززЩӹȥ
¥Ҫɱ˲˽¡ʢ
˰Ҹٵɱ𣿡
γɣ
Ϣʱ򣬰ٲƻǲǸóԵʲôʡ
͵͵ĺȥ֪˻Ϊڸʲôء
ٲõѧͽǰ԰סʵģԳԶνǰٲõͷһȴ¡ԴᵽʳԵʲôζ
ϼ½ֶҲǳԲֻû취Ըˡ
ֵļٲٶٶ㣬ˣöһˣټһϸۣˮôô򵥵һû³Ե档
Ժͻ ʵԽôһҲû׻ͦõ顣
ҿûзǿǰٳԺˣ͵͵ĶԻ˵ǳзʱҪǿĻҾ͸ĳԡ
з
Ȼôݳ޵Ķ
·ͷ
ȵˣһڳҸҪ졣
ʵҲͦϲģ˻¶ڰٲִԡǵƴĶһ㣬Ǿû³ԶʱȻ࣬ǿͦҸġ
㲻𣿡컪ĥŽϵзʲôζʱ򣬽֪ʲôط˳˵˾ɷ羰Ļ
ԺйзĻ붼һ仰ˣЩģڽǰȻ˵зִ㣬ʲô
ұΪẦ¡û뵽㵹ǰȵҪķ񡣡
²ðķԼֻǱȽŶѣʵƲסͻЩԼˡ
¥Ҹٵɱ׬Ųǵóѡ˰ȥἸˣûϢȥ
֮ĥ˰ΣĽƾͼƵķˣ
ĬĬظ˴Ĵָ
ԭ¥ֻŪ˿׬ѣҪֱɳһ統غһ¥׬֪Ҳһ¡Ҳ΢һ»µԸʵǶԲϵ⡣
ܾҪˣֻǱλˡֱӰſսģ֪ΪξͺԵԼڻûб߳ȥ
߻Ÿߣƻĵطڡ±ˡ©ٳˣʵƻоԿ˵޷졣˶κ⡣
һ㣬ֻΪŵĹʺֳ̾
ʱȥУŻǱ߽ӦҲȥ
ϡǵеʱ¥¥δµʱ̡
ڽϵӵǿԼΪԼ¥֮λӮó룬ʵϸ࣬Ҫ׳ѡ
ʱΣʵ뽭ĳҲԶˡ
գ˸С٣˵Ҫȥһݡ
ͽλƵľ·
˵ǲسģ뿴֡
ﻹ˵ˣһģ˵רŸָ¡ݼǰ
±ǰȥİŪһ磬ԼͿҪˡ
ֵ֮һ㡣ǸǰŵٵͣڵĻҪ͡
µ
Ǹǰٵһ㲻𣿡
¾Լѳ̵ľ óˡ
п
αͻɤӣλǰ˵̫ͣƵģŵĻҪٵ͡
¾ٵȥԼɤӾͿԱˡ
ԱΧۣܿࡣ
λǰ̬ԼòȸֽǶȸȫķ˳Ρ
֮ĸǡŶ
ΪҪԭҪһѧ
¾˹ˣһ˾ΪʲôҪñ˽簡Īʲôë
Ҿٷſһ㡣˰ҲŴ֣ٿԴһ㡣
ôԴأǰĵһܹƧܸ߰ˡ
ڲǷ𣿡Żµķһۡ
µ۽µĺһֱȾĲǺܺãֱúʵһ
ǽ˵Ķԣ֮ȷʵǺܿԴġǻΪʲôҪôأһ˷ô죿
һʼ߻ħֵ̫ԵģԽԽԡǰԸ߻ħʱһҪ˷ֵģ㲻õģڱֵһͺá
µͷ߻ħʱһ档
ȷʵո߻ħʱǲһʱ䡣˭ûз֣Ϊαװʵ޷졣
Ҹղ˵㶼𣿡ǰסһûʲôˡ
Ҳĵ˵طµĶסˣݣҲݲˡ
ǰԼķʽɡµֵ룬Լˣĺ磡ˣͲϲ˰ɣ
ٲһӰ˽ſڵһ
͵͵ʣĻ첻𣿡

37 

ͣ, ¾ҪȥˡͽҪȥͬĵطȸɴ˳
׼ôȥӳ̽ͷʡ
ôȥҲûʲôֵİµ
ıһ˲ú, ƺŻʲô¡Żϴ·, 컪´ϺóеĻɫ·, ϵīɫ, ͷһͬɫķ򵥵İһ, ϻ˿
, ٷ硣
, ǻճĴ·
ֻǽͻȻ;Щֱӡ
ȥػȥɱأǰµĻϾͼ, ٹȥ
ӳһ½סˣʧǰѰ, һɫӡ
ǳͨ, ǳ, ԣȽϷϽһŵķ
ǻ´
ʹ¥ҪԼʰĸɸɾ, ʰͲһɱһ
·һĻһɫСָһסߣָû´ϣ˵֤ݡ
°ѽָСĴָ, ȥ, һѺӵһ, ֻĬĬذȡ˳
Ǹǰǰߣڳϱ˴˭û˵ͣһլӴ˳Ѿһ˿˺Цݡ
ˣլѾ˲ٵˡи߹ȵĸ˸кʶʶ̸ܸЦͶˡ
˻´ʶҲûʶЩ˵Ǹ
ûͻ˵ҪһʲôҲһ̬İֻ˸侲Ȳ衣
ҲѰŽһǸǰﲢʲôر
紦ˣҶ棬Զĸ˸һξ롣
һǻ¡ԡǸԹ٣һ˺һͬ
˵ѡģ
ҡԹٵЦһ˵ǸӺܰˣ
ʡһ㶼ʺ硣ڳĶǴˣ֪⣬⻰Щζԡ
ҿ˱Ƚ˳ۣԾԹٵʲô
һϲšһ˵˿ǲ٣һʲô󡭡ճ
Ӻδ˵ֻЦһ˵ʱ˶ѻȸ
ĵô£ôԸǶ˼ʲôϸýŻӰɡ
ӡ컪ǲˡ
Ž£е㲻ˬ֮ǰҲû˵۶Ӱ
߿ɲ֪߶ʲô£ǸأָкܺãģɫǳʸУϡ棬ǰڹװܿ⣬û뵽ԼҲܴˡ
ûϢȥԵ£Ǿ͵ûһ¡
Ҫûȥȡһյ
һյʲôֵģ֮Ҫ˵һ˵
¥ɱһҪһˣҶ˵ڽϣλڽϵĵڰ¥ڽľ¥Ϲ˸
ССģֻаƴһյơ
¥¥˵ڻ¥ѵժߡ
ûѾ͸ˣϴӴˡ
ʱգϵ˾ûв֪ϢˡǰŴӰٲóǾ͵ôӱ˿Ϣ
죬ǵ 
Ʋ¥һٵȥƣ߸ɴ˭Ҳɣ͵֮ڹȥֱϢ
ҪǴԽ֮ǰĻ¿϶ͻ˵ˣҾͲȥ¡
Ÿº󣬻ڽȾҲǽ˵Уһйкͻ֣ᷢⲻǵȥ߲ȥ顣
һڽֶΣҲĳЩ˵
֮ǰҲ͵͵Լ첻ΪŵԵʵ᲻Թ
첻ôʹţǽ󣬡ڽҲѾˡ
ڽд󲿷ֵʱʵǻɬģոһյ͵⽣Ӱ
ǽĵطҲ⽣ӰǻôһĽˣһҲᱻĹ£һҹĻ䡣
±µĵط¥ͦԶҪԼһʱ䡣ûߣṦһ·һĽֵϡ
ֵߵǸ¥йһңšӸ֣һܣ¾͹յƣ˿ܻ˿Ա߻ϵ˸
رۣҪִָ¥Ҳˣֵط۵ĵر
ǸϹϵĵط˼ͷյĶأΪ⣬ϵÿ˶
ȫˣˣָˣˡ
ô˹ӶضʻϢҶ³ǺŴѩϽǸطҪǻκһ¶ǲܵġ
̽ģôֱˬ졣ͬˬĻĿջ¥ֳͽ˴򽻵ĵط
ӸĽϵһ¥£ȻҲʹ󷽷İѵһ͵ֶΡ
¿ֵеľ¥ջѾվˡʱʱ̧ͷ۵ںٰͷȥ
ϷǰǻδѾµʵʵ
ֱǡŴ籭ɡ
ðͷ
ȫҳУѣһ֤ʷ˳ɢģպȥܴһ
ǲǸʷ
ڽֵߵĳ¥ƿ˴һµӰκڳʵ̫࣬ŻµӰҲֻܷѰҡ
ʱûаѶӺǸòЩסС˺ͽһǸǰ
ˡǰ˵ͷ
֪·ԭλ׼ġ
ûЩ̫壬ճЩ·һžͲһ·ˡҲԼģǶȴʼմһɫ׹
īسɹ棬ʹҪԼαװҲһҪʲôԼֵڲͬǻȴǣԸʵر𡰹ɡǱʲôʲô
Ͻø·һ£ȴܾЩŤ
˵ĲԾ
ƽʱ͵͵ĺЦһһ㶼ʺϵСѧͽһ·ȴԼ󲻳ˡ
»Լʱ·ӸŵЩ˶֪·ʵҲǻʱѡġ
Ĵûʲôֵ·¥һӾͻῴˡϾ¥ĸ߲㶼֪ǸԼòʮˡ
ӳǰ
ӦǸκ˿ª֮ˡ
ֿ۵߽Ӹ

38 2

¥ǰһ硯ڻ¸ոյʱͻȻõһϢ
ϢЩͻȻ, ǴҲûжྪ, Ͼ֮ǰҲǵֿܡ
һ¥˵Ҫ׷, һȻٵڰɱ, á硱ڽʧһ㡣
¹һ˵˻Ӧ, Ҳûһˡ
Ӹ˶£ſڴһ¾ͣסˣ¥ˡ
¥Ǹ硯ʲôʱ򵽣ӸǸ¥, ʡ
Ϳˡ
ѡǸҪ¥ɳǸƷȲǵʱô찡˵
ڳûһ˳, ˵޲ԼھǸӡ
ڿŴλãһֱĴŻ£˼ת, ˵λҪǱֲá¾ҪˡѾ˳룬Ҫһ֡
ʹҪѻ£Ҳ822122810358312788036215215438221
ȡ·ߺ·, ðȡЩ, ҪҪٹԣͻȻɧ΢΢һ㶣Χһ̧ͷɧԴȥ
֪ʱӸ¥ϾȻվ˸һˡ
ȺɧΪ, ʱͻȻָİվ, Ǹ˶Ϊ硣
¥ͿջҲɧ, Ƿ׷̧ͷŴȥٽִȫˡ
±еãȻ׼ȿ«ʲôҩ
ֻǸĿ˵Ǹߴָ׳Ƚаȫһ֣ͦζôһˡʲô壬źɴ³ųžˡϴ·֮ǰࡣ
˵ԭôһĳ˵·Ҳ˰
𣿡ҲǸվݶˣкܶ಻ʶ30 340˶ͷ֤ҡҡͷǸҪһ㡣
¥ɳ硣
Ǹ硱һȫˡʱĿⶼۼ书ôҲ˵ʺĻǲ
ô󷽷˶̾ˡ
Ⱥв֪˭һ䣬ˣ
յڷ΢΢ҡţºڶԽԡ
硱ˣǰһ˲ݶϳ˺üˡ
Ӹߣ۲Ӹ⴦ơ¥Χʵͦ󣬰˺ԺӻиϰһͷС¥
Ƶ˺棬ͲˣѾ㹻ƫƧûˡ
￴ݶ߶Ǹȥˡ
ǲȥ¿Ǹǽڣۼ⿴һװ͹΢һȻһԾ
һû꣬ѾȵǸ͹ɴһţֱֱ˸ߴ
Ȼôˣ
΢е㸴ӡ
˵·ƸȦ
¥ôûŸأ
ŶҲԡ˵֮ӦҲû¥ΪѾˡ
ô죬ɡ
ǻڿ١硱ͼȥյ
˿ðƻͬҶ³˼ðҲһҪҸһ硱˵籾񣬵ǾԸӽڴĿ硣
һ˿һѪɱַԴ֮û˵һ仰ֻվ˸о⡣
ȻҲһɱֻ֣һɫȫκζװΣ·ɫ˵Ƕ࣬һûκθѪߡ
Ǻͱȫͬǰѵһ档
û뵽¥ɳ硱Ȼ֮ǰһģһ
¥Ȼ᲻ʶ磬ֻǻӱһ㡣ϷĿ֮±¥ɱɱô磬ȻҪ硣
˶ ȥˣҴƽĶۣ硱ǲҲݣֻʱʱһЩ˾ֶ
һЩؼϻͻȻͣһ£Ƿǳһͣ١
ϸ۲һ£ͻᷢͣٶǺйء
֡ˣ˲ƽϰգȻвר̹ˣۼ˾Ϳ⡣
ӣˡϢʹ֣ȫ˽
ҲʲôֻǸŴոֶѡ˵ˣ˲;׶༪١ⲻҲ¥籾֮һ
Ȼ硱֧ʮܼ֮һء
ʱݶϾһѪ
ǵһ
ôһˣôˣ¥ѵϧ𣿡һ˸п
ûʲôϧ¥ˡ
¥¥˻ΪոǸ˾̾ˣǳɸɴ䣬ۻҡȻòȴѾ۾ټϴǰֶ˹Īζ
Χ˶̾ϢиȽϷḻᡣ
类¥߾;е˵е̫ߣ¥δҲ̫Ѫˣⲻǡ塱ҲǸ塱˰ɡ
һᣬ˶¥ɳһۡ
ʵѾֹǲˣ˵Լز
Ͼڳǧˣûһ˶ɡ
ʱ˿̼˶û¡Ͼ¥ɳʵ̫ˡȻҲû籾ˣĿǰУҲ޷Ǿֵز
Ѫɱ֣ûһ˿¶ȵ棬µһɱ֡ʲôӣ
羿ʲôģ潥˺糤һֱǸԣ糤úÿǸн˶֪飬Ҳû֪ﴫҲû֪峤ʲôӡ
ۿžҪˣҶһĿ
¥Ǽ¥ƺҲԥһ£ƺڿҪҪѡ硱ɴ
ֻʱͻǶ
ߺȻһЦЦᣬƺĳૣȴڳÿһ˶
߲ͣҲɳƣҲ԰ףֻǵ͵һЦȴò˲һƤ
¥ȻҲһװϷˡ
ƺ˵٩ִ˿ꡣ
˷ɿѰԴ
˭˭˵
ܣ֪ôһ¡
¥Ͻ۾ɿĴѰŻӰ
ˡ
¾ڷһ֪࣬ԷʲôʱȥʱоһյССơ
ʱ·ϴ˰ߣֻ¶һ˫۾۽һǳǳ롣
ˡ
ô·
ȻˣǴʱ˿ȴû˳ۣ֪ΪʲôǱȻ´źӹҪ˳ۡ
ݶյȴƽ
С棬ﾭˣ˿š
ֻⳡһǣʱе˴඼ǹţţȴͷ
һ㲻ͬǣǳŴֿɫȻر𵥵Ҳûŵ۾ز
¾ͻȻЦˡ
Լʱ˿̺Σ˵ô£ȴһ
ܾǰⳡʶֺǵһη
Ҳ˽ҿݶͻȻֵڶˣŵϴһߣͬݣȴĿת
ģŮпɣȴһѵ
ʡ
Ǹ𣿿ſɲ̫簡
仰ո£ݶϻ¾ͻ˵


39 3

籾Ǹŵˡ
˵ǡС桱, ⻰һ㶼˼, Ǹˡ
˵ڵ糡Ѿȥ˲֪ٴ, ֮ǰϻᡣ
֮, ͸ϲ
˶ûְãһ˵ͨ鲻, ҲԲϲ粻ͬ, رϲΧһ˳ϡ
߻ħ֮Ը񶼻᲻òбҿϲֱĿо÷ǳ
²², õһֿǱĿ֮, һԼϴ·һɡ
Ӱ󻨴·ûô廨廨ޱ, ټϷͿʺ, ȥ͸ޱɾһ
òɱ˼ɺͶԶԶ߹⽭ˣÿݡ֮󣬴ûһ˿һ䣬ͨͨһƬ
ǸʱȷʵҲһ·˳šħ̽񱼶ȥˣڽ˵֮, һֱûкù, ڽһֱǺ̬͡ϵһ
̬ԭ˼, ָһ˷ҪԼװŮģ
˵ǹŴ, ʵִҲܲǸӡԼһִԽƾ˵, ʵе۾
Ƚţһ㣬˼ô̹̹´λԼ
ͬһȺΧŻ˵籾һϸоǳԸͲ̫һҲ˿ŸоûУоǡѰƽ
ԺԤÿһĻ龰ʲôӣ¥¥󲻾ãҲһ¼ܴ󣬺ɺǺǰģҲࡣ
Ǹʱôţ
¾Լķƽԭžһͻ¼ǰһ顱һ顣
ôôһ·һЦˣĪǸʲôҪϣͰ һ·ˣ
⻰΢Īºûʶо
һĬĬ治ǡƽʱȥٲҲ
ȷʵҲڳ˶ҪǸղǸ硱һºɴžǡ硱ͻȻ籾ȷʵŵǿȴȫһɱ֡
Ӧûˣ¶ҲҪȸոǸ硱ҪһЩպÿ˿һò
Ůࡣ
Ȼֻ¶һ˫۾ȴҲ˿һĿýϽܿ
ס°վ޷ıһ˹״沿
վŮЩ࣬Ůòǵüۼ޷һǾôһС鱻ˣƫƫԿԽԱơ
һáʵЩʣǵһ̶ȣͻֳֶᷢٺʡ
һ־˽
»ǵ統һξһаŮװòǰʱ˷Ӧʲô񣬿֮Ϊݡ
ʱҲû¶档
󲿷˶ֻǴӴ˵࣬ǴûмϾɱǻںڰС˵Ҳʱϡ硱һγǰ
¾ǰһжͬҲǵһγǰʲôģҲǺ
ͬһ
ͬͷӣͬüۣͬ壬ͬ
棬ڷֱûϤá
ȴΧž
һ¥ǾˣʶԷӦʶԼȻʶԷӦ֪Լ
ϤϤݣǲᴩһ籾ˣǶҴһ
Ϊ˳ ܾöûжû֪ȶѾˡ
ӦָῴͻȻȻҲֻ֮Ҳ֪ôźá
Ǹϳ˻ӴѾˣжվУվҲ˵Ż±ࡣ
Χ˿ɱӣ˲Ҳǰ˰˳ɾ硣¥˿һĻҲȻˣʣ¥ΪʲôͻȻٵ
¥ϽȻһġ
ɱ̫ˡԱһ˵
ɱأɱػ¥ɱ־ͻε𣿡Թ١ɻ󲻽ʡ
ɱƵ¥ɱֲòε˵˵ܸܲɱǶ¥Ǹɱ˵ܿǿҡ
ڳ˵书ô˵ҲһˣһȻҲ͸ŷ
¿Ǹ¥ɱ֣ЦˣǸɱ˲亹Ӷͷһֱ˲
Ҳ¥һ֣ʹǸղǸҲ࣬ʱ˿̿Ż£ȴѾ³
¾÷ǳ˼ܾôʱ˿Լһ˿Լ˵ʲôһִ󵨣أſζ
֪Լʱ˿Ӧôˣǧ۾£³֡
ɲǹ⻪ͬһ㡣
¶ҲӣֻǼ򵥵һ
Ҳڿһ֮ǰΧ˻øղǸ硱Ѿǵ۷壬Ǽһ󣬸ղһ˲仯ޡ
һӹ鳲ֻܶһâ˲¥ɱ־ͶȻɴ˫ۡ
ǿǰѵ⿴ֻƽƽ棬Ǿµһˡ
һȥֻ漸ɱֲ϶һһָѪۡ
ǵѪɼǣȴƫƫ֮ܿô˺ۣⱲҲû취ȥۼ
µͬʱҲ˼ɴɴϻȻһ Ҳһɼ˺̧ۣͷһ߼Ѵһ߿Ż¡
Ŷˡ
¿Цˣ¥һ󱲣ǵӣԭ¥
ϵ£Ѫϻ䣬Ҳûвֻ̧ͬͷ
ôܻţӸһ˱ף˭ܸңΪʲôûбƳɱ
ھ¥￴Ż£˻ӵÿһڷŹɴݲȡ
ͷƤ顣
Χɼž·ѾĬˡ籾Լٰ˸ô²ҲҪϻһɡ
ϱ绮Ǹ˭ţ
ʢ˵书Թ١·̾˿˶鲻֮һ
Ů࣬治ˣǸϲ˼ƻûзҿ˾ͱȽʺȥ˷Цɫ
Ǽһѵջأԭص˼룬ҪһϤЦ
ΧɻǼž
һۣ۽Ǵǿź欣ÿһ
ǡˡӸڲţ¾Ϊˣ


40 4

˵һŵĳ, ôӡһʧ˵ĳ
󲿷û취һʧ˵ĳġ߻ħĽ, ûа취߻ħһ˲ֱĽҲ١
ƫƫһЩڸָԭʼ·, ôڷǰ·Ǹ
µǾԲŵùƳһص, Ͼ¥ɱֶ֪ǹƳ, һֿܡˡ
ӵȻܸ, Ҳûκӿɹο, Ϊÿ˵ķ跨һ
㿴ʲôһӸɱѾȷݶϵľ籾
ʽҲ, ԤǸƻ˵ǳʧˣպ˵ΪϵһЦ
ĿǰҪҪŪΪʲôţôġ
ܵļž, ԼҲһ¡ոǰһĻĻ·𶼺ͼеغˣһֱ˳ġݡ, ƫƫΧļžͼһ㶼ͬһº󣬴״̬˳
Զڰٲõڻ뿪þʹӲ˿Ϣ, һź, , ϧϲˣ֪糿ߵʱǾӦҲߵġ
ǿҲˣ⳵Ѿ͹, ҪǻṦܸϹȥſʮǷĵ
¸糿ȥʱûйϳе㵣, Աߵ, ҪûҲϸù, ˭ƫƫʱСӺǻ˰ɣ˵Ϣûء
ӸַǳԹ١ǿŻĿǰΪֹıʵѾˣȻ;ɱһ¥ɳġ硱ɳ硱ȻǼһ͸Ǽľϲˡ
վλǴȥģҪô硪ҪôΪѾˣҪȫ˶Ųɡ
ĶŴ⡣
˴ʱ뿴½ô
´ʱ˿ҲȻԼոձֵľѾˣԻԶǿ϶۽ǵǿźġԴʱ˿ټһϡ
žͺ籾޹ˣȫԼķӡ
Զ¥˵ȥϣ¥޹ء
µԿԺܵȻ˵ϡ֪֡˶漸¥ɱ˶
¥˵Ȼľ˵¥֣ҳƺΪϡɫɵöһ¡
۾Ǹؿڱһʱ˿̻ûļѵĵ
һֻḧ۽ǣ˵
Ϊڲû𣿡
ûʲôϵɡ»ĵ
ֶûʱ죬 ˻졣
ȻϡļҲôһ¡¥ҲôһСӲ֪ȥģ磬Ȼ󱻱ŭ緢ֺһӡкСӣֻʱŴͼеĲ̫һԻûϳ
ʲôԵְֵܡ
˸Եǻ»綼֪ʲô֡
ұΪѾˡ˵
⻰е֣˵Щ԰ֵֹֹĸоô£û˻ͦĵģ
˽ӴҲ࣬ԻҲ֪˶絽Ǹʲô̬ȣڿĪǸԵܣ
±̽࿴ۣ¶˼ۺȻŤͷ˲;áе˼
һͻȻɱֶ˵һ仰
ʱ˿̻ҲԼΪʲô˵һ仰ôڲһ
ܵҲڿ磬ȷʵǰԼǰȡյƣȴеȴȫͬ
ԭеǸºڷĵˣڽӰӣȻվݶϵǸȴǸͻĿˡ
òҲԶԶ˵ʵԭһֵĿоò˵ǿ㣬ŵеĵ׻ǿЩǼˣֻǼİȴѾܸܵ˵ò
ͷǸ¥ɱֿȥ˶Ҫʲô
Ŀ֮£ֻͻȻͷĴսǸɱֵĶ˵һ仰
ɱֵͫ΢ţƺʲôر˵Ķ̧ͷĿ磬ƺЦһ¡
Զ˿ı飬ȴܿǸɱֵĶ
һЦǸ¥ɱ־ͳ
˶Ǹ¥ɱƺʧôһ롣ʱ򻹺ãȴʱ򡪡˿ͻᶪʱ
Цʲôӵģ
¸ڶԷĶ˵ȻʶЦһ¡Ҳû뵽һЦöԷ׵׵ڵ
ʵʱ˿Ҳ֪ԼЦʲôӡ
Цر˵ģ¥µľЦֻҪһЦͻᷢһر̶ִºпҪɱˣҲǻ¼еһο˻ΪһЦڵ
ӸһССİһһϷʵ˵۲֣Ǹˡ
˶û뵽µôһСȴպιϲһΡ
֮£Ǹɱ־ΪôһЦҲûκһ֪һЦʲôӡ
ҷΪһˡ
ǸɱڵԭʵǻĶ˵һ仰
˵仰ݶȥӰʧ˵ǰ ȥһΡ
һ˭ҲûϵһͻȻȻͻȻ뿪ֻܾؿȴ˿Ų˶ǵǾ޵ĵͬʱҲס
ӺӸ󸽽ͻȻһǿҵҪݶ
ӡ̵ĿܶǾ˵ĵž˵Եʣǵױ˺ˡ
Ů˻Ҫݣ¥ɱֿŮһн˵̸ʡ
ȻڹŴִ۲ֵʵһʮֺõĳ࣬˵ǲ֮ˣŮۣ´ˡ
Ӹľ¥Уһ˵ϷѾˣҪҪȥһǵأ

´ݶϵ·ȻҲȺͷҴҵ߹
ӣͻȻײһˣ̫Ӳײۡ
һǶߵģôײأ̧ͷʱȴһϤ
¶Ȼ˿˵ŵӦˡ
ΪԶء


41 

Ӹɹߵһҹ֮ڴ
ǰûΪѾ, ȷʵš
ڶʱڳΪ˽ϵһ󼶵ۻ, ˶ڶ˽ֵ
˵𣿡
϶˵˰
һʱ䣬Ļ⼸˵˲֪˲
Ϊ¼˹, ±ȴûнϵ˷ܡصٲѾȥһ, »ĵһǡ˯һ˯˯ʮСʱ
Һõٲ壬²ڵ, һ˯ѺҲǻۡԵпһ䣬ǲ
籾, »ǻġС桪߿˵ճĳ˵Էһ, ǶڻǼǶ˰
ֻ֮û¶, ûһۡ
ˣȥĸطô죿, »˻ԼӲļ򣬵ȥݼҼ졭
֮Ҳû˵ٻһᵽҪԷĹ򣬻¶ճ˼ڣͻȻ£±û͵ģͻȻһ, ˵𣿡ʶĻش, û˵
ţȻû˵۾˲͵ɴˡŻ, ͺڿһɽˡ
µĿͣ˿, Ȼּ¡ˣԼ˵һĻش
Ҳûʲôʱȥ˵˸ĴҲȫ
ⶼ֪Ҹ㽲Ȼһֱӻ£ʱ˿̴Ǻþöûһ֪µˣԽ¸ǹһУһ߽һ㵸ıȻµԼһӸƣ¥ɳȥļɱֶˣȻˣǸ糤ǡȻᣬһû˵갡
°ķ꣬Ȼѿһţ˵˾䣬ˡȻתˣûͷ
ٲʣµ˶ĿıӰƽʱһԲֱ뿪ʱ򣬼ʹ
ְ졣ƽʱһ
ʹ˸ɫʾȲҪ
͵͵ĸŻµ˺ԺСʣݼʲô𣿡
Ҳûʲô¡ҡҡͷЩ۶ѣû
Ҳûٶ˵תͽˡ
Ѿǡ˻ˣڲ֪ԼǴͷβ˼ҵĹ۲֮ڣֲý˵нӦˣԭôһ¡
¶ԼŴͷβڹ۲ŵ¸е˿־塣
ǵģǿ־塣
ϸһԼб֣ѰԼûʲôطСı¶ʲô鱾˶˵׼ΪԼж̫Ψˡ
ºԼŵ˿磬ҲٱеǸӡ
ŵЩҲû͸¶һϢǵյǸԹ١˹ȥƺǺܿĵӣ˻һӡ
ģģġٻ֣²ʲôȥ͵͵ʣ֪Ǹְڽ
һܱǵҪĹְûҸκһ˵ŵ
ʵϾԼŵˡ
ԽǰһֱǸСְԱͻȻ͵˸٣ҺǸСĹ١
ţڴ˴ʵͦ¸裬Ҳֺֺǡ
Ȼ賰ЦĿԾӶ࣬ôĪĻ˸ְ˵ָһЦ
ǸԹ١ҲȻˮ桪ԭǽˡ
Ҳ֣ϸ˵ʵҲֻǽһֻ֧ڽ˵ġһĪ˸ְ
Ҳģ±ʵʵùһھȻ˹ٳ֧ߣʵԼǸ˹ٵģ˸ӵԭ򣬻ֻΪ¶ۡ
˵ǰ˷ͷϲ¡
ŵĴԼ·Щȫûн¡ɱ˾Ͱˣ˾ͬԻµġݡȤ䡣
Ǹɱ˵ʲô°Ȼʡ
˵Ϊһˡµͷ
ǸԹٺЦˣƺǶԻܼǵԼıְ⡣Ȼͬʱ»ע⵽ߵһˣֶǿңܸоĵ
˶ԻµĶⲻԵɵģҪ͵һ˾˭κα絲ţҲ塣
ŵɢ֮󣬻²ƫƫһתͷֿ˽һϸϸĴŻ£ƺڿʲô
ڿʲôʵͦ½ıæʵûʲôĶʮƽĶһʾһȥ˴Ӿ¥󣬽ƺһֱĬţЩ֡ܰǱ˵Ҫá
֮ǰͻȻǰʱݸµǸָʱ´ֵСĴָϣʣڻû
š˵Ϊ֤ҵ𡣡תתָҲָҪǴܱȲҪá
Ц㻹Ĺְ
һ˳ҲŽ˳
ڳתһȦܾýƺл
ϸֺûС
統Ӹòƶܸߣʻ¶ԼۣʵЩǿ⡣
ΨһĵĵطǴԼ·ȥֻ·еĲ˺ܶණ˵һʲôĸоҲΪԼʵԵʡ
ȷʵǽõĸо
һ֮󣬻²֪ĿǰԼ͵۷ʱĲࡣ
˱ȽϳʵȻЩˣ˵Ҳȷʵʵ
֮
ǻʵʵڵһν˵ľóĽۡ
ϾڽʵȺ֮ɱ˸߽֣߳ݶԵֻ¥ɱ֣һǸС
ҪԽȺ˵Χ˼һ£ھ
۴ʱǰ᲻һģռϷľǹڡòۡ
籾Ĵνر
´ʱʱ򶼾ǲ̫˵㣬жϳ⻹˵жϳ⣿
һ۷ǾᣬˮּɱĶҪ죬ȻѰ
ʵȫȲе磬ǽ˻ǶȶԴ籾ҪݵĶࡣ
һӾ
òǸֵĶϲÿգ˵ȴǻ˵ƤұȲȤꡱʵأڲʵķӦ
˵Ѿ±Ѿ˽ҪܶһʱĴˡ
Ҫһ㡣
﷢˸ıأ
⼸ڰٲ˼⣬Ȼ;Щеѹ
ַ绪֣ȴվΪһ˶ûˡ
ҹڹ飬ͻȻԼҲܵôķ顣
ԴӽҪԶٳ˵ǰ
ⱲӶҪеһԼôǱҲƲ
պ󣬻»ǴڰٲɹҩȻ˽ﻷһȦߺȻ˻µϡ
ڰȻʲôתͷһ䣬С¸ǰյɡ


42 

Ļ, ºܵóһյò˵ģͦۡ
ǸղĻ, վ￴˻°졣ȿóһյ˵Сƺ󣬱һӷ˵˿ʧ
±ܵľŵôͻȻҪյƹҳ
ǾòҰײ𡣡, ȻЩɡ
ɨһȦ, ſиСҹ, ְѵ
ǸպվԱߣŻ°ѵ, ȫ̶ûعһȵ°ѵźõʱС˵˾䣬ĵ
ȻأͻȻתͷʵ
û뵽»ͻȻתͷôһ, Ȼˡ
ҲĿ
ʱ·𶨸˺ܾá
ǺȻҴҵĵ, һ¡תˡ
ĬĬĿ뿪ѵҺ, Ե˿
۾Ҳ̫˰ɡʲôʱ򿴼ŵġ
Һյ˵СװΡ
˵Ҳ֣յŵ˲ûջȥҲİ˻, ˵Сαװ̫һ
ֶǲŪģŻ鷳, ǲҴŷɡ󷽷ľôˡ
Ҳϲ
ǵķӦҲ˾Щ, ĪѾϳݣ
ǸĲľϲĵ
ʲôʱ, ôһӡûأ

ϴݶϻ¶Ǹɱ˵һ仰öԷԼϢȥ¥鱨ɲ˵±¥ĸ߲֪ˣǿھͻᴫ齭Ҳŵ
Ȼһ˵仰ʱҲһСĻģֻ˵Ϊһˡ裬ȴû˵Ůû˵Ϊʲôġ
Ϊһ˶Ϸ룬˵ʵʵǲôĵģǸ첲šȣҲûҪŶҲֻСطʹĻ
ڸ´˱ӻͬʱҲǻҲռ˱˾ͷˣ˽˵ŻǸ˲ٱ֮ģҪһʱ˿̱һϷʿݼǿظ籾ֱҾĻ
ҪŪһϷһ£ûҵ¥ӳʱǸʿˣǿǸĴãµݲŵƤӵ¶ûб¶ϧµļӦڲǰˣԻҲҲڶ׵ݡ
ŽҪǸϲˡľ籾ߵĻ¿ܲᷴ
ȻŤǿ϶ŤģҲοһԼһбϾϷ¡Ǳˣô ˵Ҳֻװ谡
ϲ˵ûȥ˵齭˻ǻٵһġµôʲ̫㣬Ǹ֪˶˵ôһ䡣֮ԻûдΪµʵԻд֤ڹ
Ҳ͸ϱĳЩطСϢ࣬ȻвٳԹȺڶôһ䣬Ǵһǲ̸ģϾû֤ݣַʦ档
¿Ҫ˵뽭ߵһȦϧ޴֡˵СϢȽ϶࣬ɻ¹ȥ
Ҳ֮áʼûԼһʼŵĿģ޷Ǿҵ櫡櫳ٳٲ¶棬»¾͵ȥһЩĵطȥ
ȥв绪ϣ˲ˣĴһȦ󣬻µ΢󲿷ֶܹͨĽɫûһһžͿ˽ֱС
СĿģвǡĿġǻ϶ŵˡ
½ȥʱȻĿϾǴϤסȥһȦ¾ԼҲ岻ʲôЩкܶ඼ʶһ˸չ϶ǲ岻ʲôġ
˵Ը⿪ʿڲҲܺõˣ˵һ˼һЩҲͷַӻȥˣԻµԸҲֻϲһģǸְҵߣҲֻһߡ
ο¶ԼĿǰ״Ҳеͷھʲôˡ˵ǸŽ˵֯ϴǸԹ١µӸһ£ʵҲǹٳһ֡
ĿǰС͸С͸ĴʲôĻҲϴǸԹ١˵̬ȾѾ˻¾ʾˣȻҲԼƾˡ硱ͿԱ˸߿һͷϾߵ˿ҲǸƷʱݶһһһġ
ţԱߵһ´ڨһʮ˻µߣŻµӣƺǴɻı顣
ǣ
¡Ц˵
Һļ㡣ƺЩȷĵ
˲ʶ£ǻʶţһͦ˼ˡϱӶ纰ɱΧģʶŵˣ㲻ֻΪͬɱֳģǸҲأºͷԵˡ
ҲǺܳ˵ڳԱݲ̫󣬵˵˵ЩΡôηҲûȥƷֶ֮ҲԻ͹һӣΪͱ˱Ե
¾˵˼ģһɱֽţǰûгκ£һֱôƽƽĻȥƵĸоͻͬһԸˡ
ƺЩȷ˵ȻЩͻһ£ǲǾǰӸϵǸ 
Цŵͷ˵ǡ
Ȼ㣡ϴ˹ҶϣӸӲе󡭡˵ƺǾ仰Щ̫ãæһ䣬˼ֻ˵ʺĲ̫һ
ʲô˼ȻҲһӸ¥ͬ͵·Ӹ¥ϵȫͬġֶ˵еѧǻ±ʵһ˿ˣһֱǰġȴһ磬ߵﶼȼա
ڰٲô£Ҳ˵֣ʹֵȷʵǴﵽ˾޵ĳ̶ȡݶϵĻ¼ʹ˰ȴҲס˵ߣſ
ûϵҡͷЦʵҲһȻϳҡ
ǽ˵ˣҲǲϵġŶգգ۾ҲܲһļǸɱŨˣЩ룬ڵĻµǾɱЩΥͣԸܿʣҲϲЦȷʵǸ̫ɱֵˡ
벻Ҫ֡Ҹո֮ôȣֻΪ̫ˡ
ڻµߡЩģһߵˡȻϰһˣиڱ˿ܲô˲ǡ
ù󣬼ŵ˹ͷǸŮˣЩͣһȦˣȻ䵭ĵҸߣһЩ顣
¸Ŵһվ˹ȥŵСĴĶ͵͵ĵû£ú£ŵ˶


43 Ů˵·

ŵĻдһ˿, ǽеһĻ²Ҫ̫šʵϻҲ̫ΪʲôѡԼһߣǿͬʣͬΪɱ֣Զԡ硱һ黳أ
߽һȽϴķ, Ȼְҵ, ݱϾ⣬Ҳܱ˿͵ŵġѵʱҲĸµͷһ
ºһ𣬽Ҳʼ˹ͻ´ڨǵôʱ˿Ǹոձа, ͦģߵĻȻҲᱻע⵽
󲿷ֵǡ硱ʱҲһ£Ҳһ͵͵ĶԻµ㿴, ҲŰɡ
£Աߵһ߳һŮ˳溰, תͷűǸЦЦȻǸŮ߽ӡ
ֻͨӺһŰ½ȥһ˾һֱŰĽһӵô¡
ȻҲ², ᲻Ҫʲô˲Ķأ
¡ŮȻ, Ǵϻܿĳһ˿ʱķ, ΪӸλԵ, ϵƺ㣬һ, Żµ, ϴӸʱ, Ҳܲ
áллµĶ鲻ԽĿʼ졣
Ȼҵһμ㣬Ǻ㱾˺ЩһŮ˵ͷ˿ڲ裬Ҳû˵ڻ㲻Ⱥ˰Ŀĵʲô
һۿҼΪϴˡŮ˻˵޷Ӹϵ˾㡣
ǫѷĵͷ
ʱ˵ʲôûãǫѷ͵ˣŴҲϣԿһס
쿴ọܾ֮̈̄ǰ״һһ㶣⻰ʲô˼
Źָһ㣬һҪӵŮһ㡣ǸŮ˼͵
мʶľϱӡ
Ź֣ݣҸŮˡ
һ˲Ļûֵĸоƺ籾ͶԷ˵дʻ㶼һ
󲻵Էʲôӣʵرȫ棬ֻҪ籾ӾͿˡ
ǱϣЩģһӸϵıЩǵϡǸŮ˵һ£֮ǰкܺõ˽Ҫ𣿡
̽ŵϴ֮󣬺õЧҲԣΪѾ˵кܶˣʹǱ߻ħ֮䣬Ҳҵݲ̫໳ɡ
ԭļƻ̫һԱߵ˵
ƻʲôƻ
ֻﲻǺ˵⻹ʲôƻй
Ů˵һȷʵֵĺܺãֻһøıһˡͷеĲ豭ȥҪһŮ˵·Ҫܽ𣿡
µͷ˼һӾʹӦ
ܿľʹ˳žɫЩãʣôˣ
¼ϾʶԼı鲻£ϵһ£ԼҪ
ŵʹɫĲͷˡ
ʲôŵйȥΪ˽Ҫһһ
ƽĶۣϴȷʵǴ˵˽ġҲȷʵٿһϱһôҵ磬Ļ͵͵ˣ˵Ļһŵ˾Ȼ˹ȥûа취װ֪
ԼոյǸŮŵûнֻ˵ûСǡߺšģΨһʶҲֻʢ˭ܽأ
Ȼ˻ôˣǼȻû˵Ҳûȥúͱеһӣ⼸һͬȥģ¿ΧԼȥģҲмһȥģŹһʱңڳҲǱѵˡ
֮˻ ڵľסص㣬˵ڰٲã˾λãȻ˵ڵ״
˵סڸһӵİϣһϺ֮ϻƮŻƣã컪ʱĻԹȥһ
º뿪ߵʱѾŽѡѶ·һŵѡһôһΪԵ̫ãȻڽʷ治ôȤܽѻǺܲġ
ֻĲرãصٲõʱɥĲУһֱͷŪҩġȻ¿ƽʱûʲôȫٲþֻһûµ鲻ˣע⵽㡣
ǻϾͳԵз
ϵзͻȻ;еģȻ󰲰ĳԡһСľͳ˰衣
ϰ֮˵ʳе⻹ǻųˡһߺܲˬĿŻʣôͳ϶ʳˣ
һȥ˲ͰˡװûʵǺʴȵĸ
ϵճҪ˯ʱ䣬½ȴšڴĿʼǣ߹Щ棬ô˯
ҽе¡µ
Ҳûʣֻ˵ﻹСĵģҪ϶˾͹ȥ԰
³Ĭһ룬˵лл
ôģϲʲôʱ¶ġ
µͷʼСϰţϰʽҲ˵Ϻܸߴϣ˿˿»ΪǶˡ
ֻһӵĶͷһֱһֱ˺ܾá
иԱһֱţʱ򶼻ῴˣǻȴһĶͷһǰ޼ǻ˽ö˳һ㡣
ͺһ̨һ
˵𽥵ӦѾ˽̨ôˣôԴϴ֮ԼԶԶﲻĵزΪǱ𣬻෽ء
۷ʱ򣬶еĻԶҲһҲֻܿżڳһıһߣȻֺܿĳ롣
οһ㡪ԽʱͲ۷ڣҲԶԶû۷ʱ
ԼӦڽͷйߣǼȻиܹ徢ɣҲȻȻˣܿŭûʲôãƱǿúõԼһ֡
ԼһŵǸ÷ŭŭøɻɻֵĺʹرѹʱ򣬳ԷҲԵĺ㡣
գºͽ棬֪᲻ԼһȥΪû￴Ӱ
кõ֬ʲô𣿡¾һԽʱֵ̫ơ
ҪЩʲôƺǳĬһ룬糿Щڲͬʸ
Ҳû˵ֻ̫࣬Ǻһ죬ǿıͺѾµȫ̡
ı鵭ȻʵҲŵ˼ǱͲϣ̫õһӸڽϵķͷһ㣬ԤĲһһ籾Ͳŵϲǲ˵ͷ̫ãǷڴӡǲõģżܶӣǶһӵӡٹ̣ǶһڲͬķȴЩ޴룬ҲǾ̤ܲʵ
뿪һ𣿡µ
˽һ¡ĵŵǸǸˣܶ˵㣬ϴεıֺ⣬Ǹ˵ĵҲܶ࣬кܶ඼ϲڰʹӡ
仰ɴ۾
Լ֮ԻᱻΪŻ̫ˣڽϵһЩǻͲˡһ˵һվ֬ҼҵУ涼򲻵
¿Ž˵治㣬Ի·˼ʽ˵㡣
һ˵ӵпȱ̬Ի·ǲҲһ츳


44 

һ˼Ŵ˽ȻͬʹΪִ˵ĻҲ΢ǰĽĹ, ԼҪҲ˵ġ
ºһȻ䵽Ҫӽ, ͻȻ;Щ
Ҫǰһ, ٲһÿ쳳֣һϲɻڸ˿, 㡣
һ߰ѽļϳ, һ졣Żĳ, ûµҲ, ȷǹŴС˵ȻȤ
һ׻Ĳ, ¿Դ, С˵ȻҲִһ·һ·, ¿һͻȻԼܻɸֹǹŴִĺܶ۶һ, иµͦϲ, ǿĳŮΪҪڱۺЦɱϾͺЦһܴȼǱ顭
˵ڹŴҵܿȥĻҲǸѻ, ڷҩأͻȻһ˵ôô, Ųд𣿡
ҿü˲ְ˹
ȷʵһд, ˵ǰ, ˸ɱֵĹ, ²ò˵⻰Ի·Ƚϴ󣬽ֻϵĴžд˸ӳŮˣԸҲЩŮ˵ɱ֣էһе籾ֻЩƶǸԼġ
ȻкܶණϹָ̫࣬ǿ¶װԼ
ʵ˵ʵûбֵôģ֮Իӻôİ磬ʵʱơ
վִǱȹŴҪŵĶ࣬类ַʽڻƲֻܽΪĳһ˲̫һ
Щ֪趨ϲ˵£ֻ糤Υ˴ڶһӡĳ
¾ϻͺ͵곬Ůʱǵصġx硱һڿҪӵء
޷ģֻĿǰҲֻǿôһû綼˵̫΢΢üͷͱȽѰ찡
ŴĲų̶ȱִҪµĶִ࣬ʱģαģҲżԿۣҲҪôŵıȽϺã˹ŴȻּܵȵѹ֣ͻȻʶԼѾȫû취Ӧˡ
˵Ȼһּ
ɫ糣İѻϽȴһ˼˵Ŵ˱ִҪյĶ࣬Ǽʶ·ҲҪٵĶడ
ִ⼸ʮϢʱĸ·˵Ҫ걬Ŵˡ
һ¾ǸϢը̫ġϡԸӵϺܶණʵ·
··ţ˵뷨ҲͻˡǸͦѲҲײݵĶ
ѵãʵ޻ʱʵˡǸϵ ϲʲôҪʲôʹǴһ·ױݡԼһȫһУȻٱвȱ⣬ںĵĺ١
ô˵Ķʲôأ
һ־֮ġġɿǸָĶһģĶƭϷԺ͸ֲʵԡ
仰˵ǡϡֻҪڡĶʵľͺˣκιǲ̨ǻᡰױģһ̨ԵôȻĶġ
º粻һû̸ʵЩ־ԼѿһֿȻʵǾκӳǰ
Ȼʱ˶ʵˣʵϻԼ
Զûʵ˵۶ˡ

պһӽϵĳϳȻֵһоƺ˸Ůˡ
Ȼ󲿷˶ûע£Ϊʵǵصһھɳġھֵط˵һŮ˻һŮ˶νⶼǹҵ**Ǵ˴εǽػϡ
ǸŮһֱһֱǷģھֵ˶Ů˵ӡ
Ůĵһ˵
ܵͣɳƣһһ޶ɡ
ϸһˣ˴һңȻòϵװοȥͲĶϴֻĵ׹Ķһһεġ
н׼ͣϢ˵⳵ŮƺĹ֣ȻԼ⼸쾿ж˵
Ȼ󲿷ʱ䶼˵Ľһֱ˵ͣ
ʵҾӦó͸͸ģ֪ѹǸôƯŮˡƵĸܡ
ľۣͲòһ¡ĿӵĴѡÿԽʱĪ۵ĸо
ռһУǲ˵һĻشҲôῪЦ󲿷ʱ򿪿˵رʵġǽʱ˿̴ǿһǣͷһθ߶ôûûʵĻ
Ҿǡ硯Ļǲ뱻̫˿ӵġΪǰʱķͷδᾡٳڱ˵ǰһ´ǣϸ˵
Ľһ£ôɨ˰
Բ𡣡µǸ
Ҿð֮ǰõģʱӦûϲñ˿ӲŶԡϾ㡯ڷǳܵŮ˵̣ΪûдңӦҲϲ˿ӡ
ֶһ£ҡӡԶҪһЩġ
˵Է˽͸
Ŀǰľ籾¾Ǹ˵粻 ˵ľ籾ǡһȻĽ
Լʱ͵͵ˡ
ڽεأͻȻͷˡ硱ôˣɵʱ硱аŮװûϳ˽С
Ϊδʱ˿ڷ˼ϵһزʶһʵΪһ仰
Ư
Ϊôһ仰ͼᶨƵĸˡ
仰ǻģⲢǽһʼĴ㣬ҲŽǵġ籾һʼľ籾ǽǸĽʿ;߻ħδ磬Ȼɽץ
ǵ˵¾籾󣬽˫޳ɡ
ҪȥĵطһɽկӣɽկԭҲʮͨ˵ƺǶЩֵˣ˴ĻǡЩ˶кɫ۾
ҡ˵կʵ˽º¥Ҳеϵ
¶𡣡οԼǾ仰
ڳ̾˿ƿӣʣڵˣ
תͷֻ͵Ŀһܽ档
ǸŮˡ
͵ĵͷˣﲻõġ
ֻ̣İ


45 2

·, Ļʧ, ָֻԼı顣
ڳﰲĴ, һظԼ֮ǰ˼õĶ, һ̨߱ʡ
֮ǰ¾ϸϸĿǹԼҪôһ㡣, 硱˵ŮӦϵ̫, ԺŮԵһȤĶ
һĴ˵һŮıɤ˵˾òЩʧܵĲ
ϱӵһ, ŹֵƢ͡ŵ˵ױݡ, СɤЧһʧܡ
γɹİһЩ߰Ķأ
¡ȿȣҲǺ
֪ôһӡ
ϾӵʱȵӵʱҪĶ, ˳װ˵Ĺ϶һġ
һŮˣôǻᡭİɣ
ӻĳǰнڳ˼ŽôʱͻȻߴһҵ
ŵûܵģҵԲǳӷģ̇ͷϸķֱ
Ⱥ𣿻û̽ͷȥڳš
Ⱥȷʵկеɽ, ݿɿ鱨Ⱥ˾أһʲôʲô
ʱ˴, ô, ¶Բɽݡڳʵʵս, ˿̾é®ʿһ, ƽʱһ, һɬдžֵӣɽǺǾʲô
ȥݼ
ﰵпǰ绣ĵ֪ˣΪǸé®ɵСӡ
Χһʦǵ˸ǸԲˣ߲ˡ
ȺɽǺܿͰǸηˣҲʮֵſڵϿʼװһװһ߰Ǿ˭ҪǸץңҼһŹǵģ
Ϊ׵ЩɽǺܿͷյһŮĽӣɽ߹һߴӣһ˵ŲɲĻŵǲǸСӣǵĻ̧ɽȥѹկˡ
Ŷ̫̼ˡ
ŵ׼һҪƿͳ֣ӦҲԸ񣬵ȺɽȻֵġʿһ㡣
ǸһӶŻµСӣɾҪ̧ɽȥˡ˵һЦ
£
ڳﶼ֪Ǹʲô飬Це㲻̫ԣЦеΣ˺һʶûܿļʲô
ﲻҪ£ߣǴһһģ
˾׵Ѫ갡ʱȻžȽƼˮĹ˲Ϊжһѡ
ʲôСҲҪһϣȵһԼɡиɽһ СӵӼҲͦǮٰӿߣ
ºͽôɽ
·Ϊ̫˰ˡ
¾ݼһĺã˵ƽʱĽɫһʿڵӺƽʱЩͬǸé®꣬ŹɵС
Ȼ챻ˣһ·ϻڽﻹء
ôµ
˰ҰһƥϡɣУеġ
ھֵǰأ
Ҳûʲô£ֻڶˣǿ»ᱻЦһӡ㣬һʱҪǻôº͵»ᱻЦġ
Ҿһġµ
ҾǸĲˣƺǵ٩˵һҪӳȥ㲻ÿھҪ¶ˡһϣܼסﲻɽкܶˡ
ºͽկӣկɽĸоһؿһؿӰһֱߵҹ
ڽĻ»ܣ޷ǾǶ˵㣬Ľ¾ûôˣƲӦſϵģպѹθٵһ죬ǻᷭ
һֱկҲûʲô⣬ʮ˲ˡ
¸һӣԶڴʱҲǸöΪҲһˣںڵˣԼֶҪˡ
в˵һЩԲɽģɽ˵ͨȽϴ֣һزɣǻϸķֱ˰죬ϳ˺ܶ˵ͷʽҪºͣƫƽ˵
һ˵š
կܲɽϵ˶þʦɣһĶôĶţ
ϣɽһô̧˸ӹŵʣǼǽɽɽЦⲻ·˸СǾͰ̧
ôýֱ̧Ӱ˽͵ˣ˵
ǿɲУϴֱӰСӴͱҵ𡣡ɽתͷŽӵСӡ
˵֮󣬽춼ûж
Сأ˰ɡһ˵һҪȥƿӣȴȻһָֻһء
һһǳ·Ů˺Ȼ֮
˫˯ǰˣ޵ĺ촽Ϻܴ޵Ц
޾ˣȻɣȴһ崿ͼڹ⣬ǴӹɢģҲվǸǲסǼϾò
ɽկϵɽ˵Ů˿һҲûм
֮ǰ¾˵ܶ࿴ʮȻʵǾιãҲΪʲôֶСױ
ȻڹŴС˵ǾԲôһµģʵִֹĲֱҲ Ůĳʱױʵǲһ۵֮Ч
Ǿë׶εĸ3dϷƵġ
ױͻ˻²ʱ䣬ҪֹĴָɹ覷۵סͨͨһסһ
ĽܲҺýӼҴҵ󣬿žڣʲôϡŹֵҪ󶼰æ㡣
ʲôɫܰ׵ǽӽڷɫҲƤķĩʲôɫһǸһĶܸ
ǸСɽһ˲ͿˣԼ֡
ϵġŮˡбһڽϵ֣Ȼγѣ񴥵һ˻
Ů˴ͿʺĿ֬һ˫Ҷü£ϵ·ǳϴŶƣͷϲֻΡΡĽҡ˽ӣվ˵ϣΧԶһƬΧ˲ˣʱ˿̼˶תͷʱΧһʱ侹ȻȻ
¿ԵˣŴɽ
ԼһϵױỨڿûС
Сӣ㣬ʲôְԱߵɽɫͷȻ֡
һû¶ȵɨȥһ
ԼҲ֡
ƽﲻ֪Ϸ˶ŮˣɱСһ֪Ϊκһ˫־ȻԼͣ


46 3

, ҲΧ, Ƕһξ롣
ղŵһѯ, Ҳŷһ¡ƯŮ˺Ǹư͡
񲻻˵˭˵ʲô, ǿŶԷ, ʼղһԡ
ʹǸư, ƯŮҲǴ̵ģֻ۾, ȴǰȥ
ɽկҲ˵, ղŻ¾̸Ǹҵ, òϲŮֻеռ, ڻû˹
ԱߣںһҲû˵, ֻǾؿ
֮£Ծûôˡ
һľ׮ϣ컹ˣʱ˿̾һ廨ռһ, ¿һź, ͷƼ, û취Ӱ
жЩɽ˵ȿԿ϶֮, ֮ûпűˡ
Щֲɽǿ¾֮ǰ˵ġ¥ˡ
Ĵɨһ, ˵ô, Щ¥һҲʶ
СӴղ붯ֶŵǸɽԱ, ʮֵĵ˵Χȫ¥ء˵Ӧöʲô߲ˣôҲǱңӡ
ڱšΪԸһëͷСһɽ硱裬Ͳᷢ쭡
¸һ̧ۿǸɽ۾Ҳӳ𣬺
û뵽ôƯһСӾȻǸưͣư͵Ҳãζ
仰ЦˡȫֹסЦ
ҪǼǵñһ磬϶Ϊ仰Цĸˡ
ĸоãǲ֪Ǳ߰ŵĽоΡ
˵Ҳ֣ղڳϽͣڸƤ˳֮Ȼһ㶯ûˡ
̧ͷǱߵĽͻȻǱߺƺƵ߹˺üˣͷȺһ·ԾͻȻͣȻǵŮǴģ
ضҵģǽɽ½ġղŻڵϷµǸɽһӾͱù
û̧ͷǸоҵϻһȦȻͣһ롣
Ӧþ֮ǰɽ˵ǸŮɫĶҡ
±׼һҪҵһЩgaygayˣҵͻȻתָŻ¶һ˵ŮǷۣܿ
ţҵľȻûֶŵģ
ʹû̧ͷҲɿж˾ơҴ˴ӦǴŸģ˲֪ݣһǸͣԶҲŶôƯŮ˶ҪȸԷá
»ûü̧ͷλ;˭ߴ˽Ĭ˰죬ʱڿ˵ˣȻ
˭
ɽɵġ
ɽʱûʲôӦأǽ˵ʱͻȻһ㶡
ʹķһ˵ͷرĶ죬ǿ˻µĹͷ
һ˲䣬һλ˻µǰ
ǰһڣҪȥ
ʸµ֣
Ҳˡ仰
»͵ĽļⶼһӱýֱָҪץסʲôֱȴʲôҲûС
λҵĲϳǻɽɵˡһۺҹûб¶ݣҵĲ̬ȣɽܲ˶˻ӭ
ʶ˵仰ʱԼڶҪƣȴƲס
ʱһ籾ģӰ˼άŷʹ࣬;һ˵ġǾ֡
֮Բ̧ͷΪ֪Լ۾ʲôӡ
˶Ӱ̫ˣʱ˿̻µĴ̫ңҲжϲԼ״̬ǲġ
ƺǷֻһֱͷû˵ԥһ䡣
ø˵ģҲܻشΪǸư͡ղҪϷµǸɽЦ˵
仰оȵɫһٵͷʱоĬĬشһ˿ͬϧ˿ַɿ
ټȥˣǸɽһǰţԭԵĻ͵ıһƽʱһ£ڴԻңҲôججĸһ˳ȥ
Ͼʲôܻ´ʱ˿Ҳ֪ȻĴҲ˼ôˡ
͸оԼԺıһطȵٴ֪ʱȻ۾ʱ
͵һ̧ͷͿԼһӵķдһ˿һ̲ŵɱ⡣
һѴӣһƤ¿ȼŵĻѣЩѰյͨ
ʱ˿̻ܰΧһпĸˡҲܸĿԵӡ
ϴںҹУԷĲ̫һˡ
ſϤüۣǷ·˸һֶعâ۾
ͣһ¡ԼǱ籾ļӰˡ
һգԾ̧ͷôһ̧ͷײ˶Ե۾
һ˲仪¾˽һ£Լ۾ûб졣
ΪԵ۾˾ޡ
˵ǿңдûйģ־޻Ƕڻ½õۡ
ͻȻʹǻҲһ¡
ͻȻ߬ͻȻݺݵط¡
ԱһѰƵǱߣλã¼ƵĻȻ͵ֱӡ
侲侲һ㡣
Աһ˽һѾƺǿŵƺһһѣ쵹ƣ
²֪Լڵıôʱ˿ѾЩعˡ
˺һѣֳԵķһ£Ȼķס²΢Ķһȴûε
֮ǰûˣǾȻˣǴû顣
˾ԼеϷԣڡ¡ǲԼռϷ硣
翴ӵԻô
ϲȻյʲôѵõһԼϺüɡ
ˡҵĿ˵ˣԵ̬ȺʮֵĹ֪ݹ٣׼ĲִЩ
ûϵƺǺƢЦЦ
ڴʱһ䴫ĶﲻҪ£ǱǽİɣҵĻͺãһҾͻȥġ
Ǵ
µͷһֱûжǸƺ
˰Σƺĸһ欵üۼȴһԴһɷ·ȺеľƻҪˡ

47 4

һʼĻҺãȻ, Ҳ㽥Ļع
˵ҲЦûһԼʶԭȻǰľ׮ϵĽ
˵Ҳ书, ǻȴҲǵѲǸӣЩɽҲֻǺЩͨ˴򽻵ģȻҲϻ书ˡ
ȻֵǸɵС, ϾϱŽ, Щ˰ķʽرӣרŶԸ˵İ󷨣ļﵹǻӣ˭֪᲻أ
Щʱܷò˵һĹϵͬ, Ȼһкܵ˲һʶ, ǻ»еġ
ʢο仪µ, ʵǸĺ, ڵԼһ, һʱͱԼһһַʽԼѹ
ԵһʱǴһװ, ʱ¥˾Ѫɱ֣ûкֵĴ磬ûйŹֵľֹһһ, Ź, ˭ע⵽
ԵĵһȴȻô¡
¸Ե˾, ڿʼתĴ˼˴Ŀġ
ɽ˽ʲôӴ𰸲̫, ȻԴʱ˵㣬ǺôҲɵĵӣҲǵĿһ﾿ôµġ
ֻҲȻɽǰϱҲûκεĻɡ
ɽվʲôſͣźҲͿʼ˲Ķ¿ǽ˼ŮˣЩŮ˶Ŵֲ£ģͦ²ǴɽǿŮеļŴ綼ͦ޵ģֻž¥Ůӡ
һȦЩŮ֮䣬ȻαƯ¿ǼŮˣ۾΢΢һ£ûվ
Ҳ˲پƣȥˣǻ֪ûļԵľܺãǧ
Χļɽȶ˺ͿʼֶҲȶˣܺ졣
£¿Ƿһκȶ˵ӡ
ʱôģ
ǶˮϴϴţȻ·£ɵϣԼȼһյСС͵ƣȻٰһЩԼ顣

¸뵽ƺĺȵ²֪ˣºֱһͷ˻µϡ
һȫڻµ֮⡣
Եͷ˻µļϣȵϢ˻µĲϡ
һ̣»ȻһӲĸʯͷһ
òĴֿʼ·ˡ
ʵʵ˵⻹ͷһеļϡСӲ㡣
ҾļⶼǵһΡ
ſϵȻҲоĽӲҲֻΪ̫ţ£𶯣һĳȥ
һ˲ƺҪεǽƽ
۾Ĵ
Ǳߵɽѹ͵ȥСҲ͹ȥ
¶龰ȫûа׼ֻܸűߡ
һ󣬻¾͸һ
ֻһյƣһһӰӰ߲ŷڴǰҡš
ɽկվѰ˼ңźƤ׸ߣҲûʲôװΣǴǰǿһЩ¡
ϯضſںܽλãЩнĴϱ˰죬ûһ󻺻۾
˻£¶һʮֲõЦոûк°
̧ͷüۼ䶼һַ
һǰԣԼǲʶˡ
ʱ˿̶Цŵ˭
Ǹһֱ Įһ
벻
ֻǳĬŲһԡ
£µϷ·ӳŴһ֦Ӱӣ
Ƥ·ɫҪףɫһҪ졣
òһŮ˲ͬüۼһֱŹزȥ⣬һʵĵͷϵĽҡҫ½Ӳӵģε˼۾
üۼȴִŹ欣۽Ƿ·Ů֬ۺĨ죬޶˵
˼ɫ
ʲô֣ԼıӣʵǸɽǻɽɵĵӣǷʦŵҪɽһ򾡵ġֻڻ֣ܶ鷳ˡ
һֱﲻ˵ȻҲ˵
ķӦվǸһŮ˲һģŮˣʱ˿̿»չЦգʱ˿̻¾ƽľһ޷˵ĺˮ
ıӣʱһСԻʱСĶ࣬һӼôࡣ
ƺҲ˻ºһŮ˲һֺȻǸŮŴСľͱŮҲǲͬģͻȻɽ¾ѾŻˣʱ˿ûһҲʲôֵ¡
ʲô֣Сһ⡣
һΣĹڻشˡ
Ĭ˼룬Ȼָմմһ߱еˮϸָԱĬĬд֡
ĲһŮϲõСǲ飬ɷдĸÿ
Կһۡ
¡
̾
֣ϹĻò
˵仰󿴼Ĺƺ̧ͷ΢΢Ŀһۣ˫۾ƺʲôȫˮͫ
һߡ
ľ׮ϱء
˰СȻŲ˫ЩѣջĥǸӣصʱ첲Ѿ˼ۡ
һ½ǣƺСһ䣬ʱص˶Ѿ˯ˣ͵Ҷȵָᵯº󣬰ѼŵȻռ䣬Щɽķ˹ȥ
Щ¥ˣȴ¥Ĺ£ʵи󵨵Ĳ²⡪
Щ²Ǽǰ¥ʱӳЩˡ
Щ˵ɱȽӣһԭͶ¥޸еɱ֣ɱƳɱĿҲҪܳһȺ˺ܿǵʱڵȺˣ¥׼Сɱ֣һЩɵĵӣȴΪԭû취ٻȥ
ղŽŵʱ۲һȦΧˣ˲ͦССӣʱ;ԼȽϿˡ
Щ¥ʧٺ󣬴Ҷ֪ǵ䣬˭ȻΪܡ
ȻⶼǽҪĵ飬Ҫĵֻһԭʱû¡¶һݣڿ硱ܱ¶ġ
Ⱥ˵ʱȳģкܶ඼ΪŴ¥˳ỹãһ硭
ǳ潭ĳ
µҪҵ¡ǽһȦûҵµӰӡ
ôʱ̣أ
ʱˣ˯£˭֪ȻЦеĶԻµ˯ɣҹ
⻰̧ͷһۣףôԼ˯ˣ
ҲûȷʵˣҲ¶Էͼı죬Ǵ򲻹ġ
±ԣزˡ
ӡ
ƢЩ䣬ٿģ²ĸ˼ҳСɣ


48 ط

ҹ±˯ʱ, Ȼ۾

Ի, ûп˫ۡ
´ʱȻѾ;Լ״, ۾һЩʹ, ͬʱҲܲ֡ܲбһĺܲ
ѵʱܿһԼ, ˯ź󷴶˷״̬ȻȻľͳ״
, ʶĶҲʶ, , ôˣ
뿴ľ, ƫƫʱҪ鷳
˸Сָ䷭תһ£žʹϵĳѨϡ
, 㡭û뵽¾Ȼһ, Ϲž㵵ı黺ȥ
ոһ»ƽʱĻ¿Ǵе, ״̬׼ͷˡ
Ȼ
¾Լ֮ҪȴԵ뿪
Ϊ֮󲻻ʲôֵһ, ڿδɵЩˡ
ƿţѸٵʧС
ɧΪڷֽˡ
ôһͻȻ䶪, ټΧôȥĿ, ˶²ʲôҵɵС, ǸĶҹˡ
ɽ϶, ɽɽŽýᵶ
³ȥһžЩڸ
ȥˣ롣
´ʱ˿̽Ҳ뻪ȥˡ
ϴһȦҵĵطˣûҵ¡
»ˣ˵ǳ̽鱨ģͻȻ˸ô£
ʱҲ˲ӰˣǼһһǰķʽ⣬ɽ˵ɽկ߳һû˵С·һһһ¡
´ʱ˿ǺʮҾˣԷ۾ϵʱ֪ˡ
Ĳֻӣ˫Ѫ۾
µҲûԼôҡڵ߳ȥȻ˿ˣ˱ȽϺá
Ƕ˱ŵùǺҲϳ˻¾Ǹոձȥд͡ǸСˡ
ָŻµ۾𾪵ĵ㣬㡭
¿һۣһȻ书
ûش𣬸ɴĳ֡
ڶûзĵء
¶˸ս˵Ӷݶһˣո׼֣Էòʣһ£һ⡣
뿪Ѿһʱˣ¾Լ΢ȶһ㣬ȻһԲֱӰ˷ŵ˵
ȻľͣסˣԷѻ˵ꡣ
ǡ𣿡Ǹ˼ĵǵ𣿡
µ ȻûƲ⣬էһ˾Ȼƶϳʵݻһ˵ôһ£ֱϸһ¶˵Ż˵ӡ
ȷʵЩϤ
ϡǵõ¥ӳʱһ·ܵ˵ô¥Կ״ţųˡ
ʱûһǧҲм٣̫࣬ûϳԼ˭ҲǸ⡣
θӡأ
һϵͷߵĸоʱӳ˾мʮȥ֮ǰŻº˾䣬лл
µʱûлͷ²ģʵҲΪллЩä˼ס˶Է
İѵ
˶ĪľϲŻ£ϴر˷ܵɫȻǵңû뵽
͵͵Ĵһ»£˫۾϶ͣһ£жǷĸһķˡ
ʵ⿴´һ·Ͳûʶġ硱͵ʱǲһġ
Ȼ˫ٰĺ۾ʱƺͣһ£ȻʲôûзһŻ̬ȺƽĵĶлˣΪʲôҪ
һЩ˽¡
ˣ㲻ҪװưˣֻǸԵ˵Ż֪ԷŮװԵǸʲôĸܣ˵ʵҲ
Ī˵ǵģϴһ˿ЦˣҲ̫ûһ㡣
üͷһ塣
Է˵

ζû뵽
˰죬ûҵ£ײλͬС
Щ΢Ŷ滺վ˵ôҲ
Ѿ˺ü˰ĿŽ˵
һŮǱֵĶԽЩ
ûԼڡĿͬ£һʥͬ־һǽϴŮԶͽ۵ᰡ
ΪǵһˣԽ˾Ȼȵ;鲻ôʹﻹиǶ䳰ȷᰡ
ԭɽϲ˺üˣͻȻ˺֣Ǿͳ㡣ĻСһ
ĪЩˣͨʱѡ˵ʮзתĹӡȥͷˡ
˭һ𣿡ĵϧ˵֣¡
ղһֱû˵һǻʱҲ̲סһ
С£ǾеءĵΪɽϵЩЩء
ǲ¥ӳЩˣʡ
ĵ˵ͷ԰ǡ С£ֵ΢һͻᱻġΪЩ˶ʵӡ
ȷʵҪĵ⣬ŵĵλôһΣŵ˵ѾΪλ߲㲩ĵĳ롣
һֱûͻ˵̫ϸʵ֮ǰȷʵ޵һ£Ҳ֪ûס
ڵ˵Ҳܼ򵥣һֱλ˾ͻͦİȫҲõġ
һµݱˡ
ʵʵ˵ŴһʼûûִʲôӴûӸǴԶҴߵ
ôˣǳпܻ¡
¥ӳЩûȥȥֻʱΪܡĵǽ׳ȥѣɽկô򵥵ġ
ҲһǾˡ
ҲһҰɡС˵ÿҵ
ԭһµСӾһ˱ˣһѰңɽ˵ʲôʱͻɽһ߻ȫһ㡣
ţͻȻǰĻѣֻǿһ۾˳žԼ˺þõĵط뿪ʱûôĻѣҲûô˵
ǰ桭ʲôˣ
磬ж˲õԤУСĵİ̫۵ĶȡһԵ΢΢̽ͷ
ΧѾΧһȦˡ
һվ룬ڷ棬ѡ
нһÿ˶ɴ۾
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ￴ѰĻ¡


49 Ϥ

ͻȻĻ, ˶Щֲ
Сľ, ѽ𡭡
, ҪǱô죿᰽ŵ˵
֪ҡҡͷ
ĳ˽, Ҳű, ƽʱһŴЦϻǴŹ
Ҳûа취ġʱ˿̵ԵЩ, Ȼô, ǾӦҲǵΪô򵥣вҪٲĹ, ϴ¥Ǹ硯ⱾͲһ¡
Ļ̧ͷһۡ
Ϊʲôر𣿡Լ̫Ѩмеɻ󣬾ž֪֪ʲô
ʲô˼
Ҹ⾿Ǳִ, Ҫ赶ɱ˵ġ
˺ЩԻ󣬻ʲôȴѾ˵Ĺ
µ˫ۻǺ, ȻҲλͬµľȣֻΪ֮ǰЩȾϡ, ʵƽʱ̫һ
͸ոǸ˽̸˼룬˵ӳ¥ҪٻԼɣɾȻΪ¥ץȥԭ, ԲԸ
ϵԭΪöʵȻ, ڵ¥ı¥¥λѾų˷, ҪץЩ¥ӳ, ȻҲͰ磬һץɱۡ
Ӱ£Ȼ޴ȥʹһȺͬ޴ȥˣľͽɽկڰŷɽկʵЩŹ֡
һЩ͵͵ڰҹһֱʱ̣̫ǰǻ͵͵뿪Ǵûгֹ
һʼΪɽկĻܣҲûֱ̽ʼָԼһȺ͵͵ʧˣʶԡ
һʱĵЩ˵ȥ򡪡ǻᱻܵ͵ɽϵһЩ֮Ҳû߳
źܶ˰أü洫Ĳҽĺ֪Щ˱ȥ֮ʲôķŰµʱܽ˵ȥΪɽկ֣ƾЩ˿Ӳȥġ
¾һֱţ
ȣЩˣӦö߻ħˡ
ΣЩʧѾˣǵ˾Щˣ仰˵ɽկЩ·ٵ⣬˿ڣɹƭİ˹չЩ߻ħҪй˹Űɱ
ӻ¾ƶϳһУʵΪļй΢һͷܴµƶ˳
Щ˿϶ԼӲȥģҪӳȥĻҲö¥׷ɱˡ
˵ĿŻ£Ȼǲ֪һµģ֪ȺߵʵݣҪȻµ˫۾ھӦö㡣ȴǺܿŪȥ
ʱվŵʱЩˣԶ˸˶Ż¼ҴҵĵߣţŶһֱߣСϪ˳žҵˣṦ϶ӳȥ
ô죿µӦҲȥɣ
õҡС˵ǻ֪ȻΪȻǲܵ߶ģ͵͵ĵô飬޷ǻǿĻҪԼҲ͵ͷˡ
˼ڰǰ·һ·նԷ˵ȥֱ뿪ȷʵҲ׵ķʽ
ʽȴи⣬һˣ¾Ҫһôȥˡ
ֿǰˣ˸ĹϵǳΪ¶ӳ¥ģҪΪ
ȷʵһ˸Ѫȡѡ빴ĶǵĵطǻһֱԼãֻѪȣûǼ
Ȼʺ˵̫
ϡǵǸܺϸ¥ĺλߵķû֮ǰÿһ˶пֶΡתˡ
ǻ±Ͼ硣
ʼջǸĺˣתʵ̫ѿˣȴ˼·Ҫѿ
վûߣ˶پֵĵɴ۾ֱ㶵ĿĶ
ԲһɽկӦҲȱʲôֺõˡ¾˽֮УһȺΧΧ
еңһ£Ǹ˵ǰȫ뿪ˡ
ڵĽ־ͻȻĻ±һȺΧм䣬һȺ˵èˡ
һ֮ľ룬벻ʺϴľ롣
ڳֲ֪ûи֣иֵĻĴǻᱻġ
Сµваôһˡĵ˰ӡ
¸µ̵ӡһʼǸڽһԣȻǷַɽҵӡһ˺Ѱϵһ
ǵӸϵӣΨһĵǻܲܰݺáӡɫ
Ҫ֪ӸϿɶˣȴкܶķӡ
ӺͷӲϧؾû¿ܶڷӲôܸͬܡʵöԷûԷ˽
Ȼñ˺רұҲδЩˣ˶֪϶ڷ˽ˡ
ﱻǷӣҲһ⣬롣ʵ߸˿΢һٲ
ʧˣʧܵĺͲǶô򵥣Ӵ˽ҲԵһ˳źЩ֮ǰ֣˼Ҳ޼ɵ
ڽУ֣ԼòǺܲģݼڸոսŵȺ˵ҲٮٮˣϧٸһʱɳδزΪеһ˶ֵʵ̫硣
ϻȱٵľǸʽıߣͦȥ޷ҲЩһϢʧ
Ż»̧ͷ΢΢̾˿
ǡȱǷȱ
δЩ̫ϧˡ
´Ӹղſʼ߻㱾һŮ˵ЦţЦĺܺϴһģ˵ĿּЦЦžһ鲻ĹڿЦһĿĵЦ

´ʱԼһαӺԾһ㣬仰˵һκǱ˲һһȴסżһˣ
ܿǰһȻ͸ŹĥɰϴαҲ֪㡣
Լˡ
ĿǰԵһǡ⿴Żһ˵֣ǾӲô˵İΧȦģ滹мӡ
ĬĬ̾˿ȴҲ֪ĿǰΨһ취󺰣ҲãǱʶҲãҵĻҲãڡң
Ķ߷һ̾ȻͻȻԼһᡣ
е磬ԭӵ

һߵͷпĽͷĻºȻ͵̧ͷ
ǰĻ£ѾȫԼոЩʲô
һ̣µͷʱֻһɬĸոս뽭õſ
һ룬̧ͷѾǸưµ¥ŷɥ¥¥硣


50 ӱĵ

Ǹṩӷġֳ, ȻҲвٷС
ƽʱǻɽ, ʱ˿ȫ˳, ˵вٻǴ˴ġͻ, Щб, Ҳ֡
Ǽ򵥵һɨѾ˺üòڳ˵ˡ
һƸ⾪˵, Ѿ͵ġҪ֪߻ħͨ̫, ˾Ȼܻͣ˵־Բһ㡣
ڳйĶԴ֪, ҲǸ书ܸߵǰ, Ȼһۿ˵ʵʲôز, ʹʱҲɵ̾һ, 治ǡӡ, 츳˭Ȳϵġ
ԷʱȻûתͷߣǼվ, ڹҲǸǳеΪȻԼҲ, ˵ʱ˿ȻòߵģǶԷϾ磬ʱǻе, ԷвǾȻҲûҪܡ
ȻǸӺˡ΢΢̾˿ıָֻ赭д, Ѿ˽, ֵ׾ӻ, ƾ;Ҫһܾܲ
ȻҲ׻´ʱվûҪģῴŻµҲһ˿塣˶֪мһ˿׳Ȼɼѣʵǲпġ
Ǹ͵߻ħҲõ˫Ѿƣɸɾ޳ĥļϼûκε覴ãһһ˫ĺ֡
ڿ˻µĵһۣɫͱһƬƽ
ӾȻˡᰵ
һԸ񶼻ǳ޼ɵҲֻŻƽ顣
ǵһ˶ϣͷϵ亹˲ˣɱ͵ֵס
ͷϵ亹ȻСֽİƿ̫춼ңԷɱġ
͵ĵڳʣĵҲһѺõһ̣Ŀڣᰣš
һ㶣ǵ͵ֿ
ֻ͸첲ϵļСһϵӿţȴֺȻƽϢ
Ȼ̫Ѷĳģɵøпһ䣬
˵ɲᰶýˣǵͽź֮ܶͨܿõֳֵĻ᲻࣬ÿֶŶһ޶ĸȫĵ
յ⣬ȴ·ǧ
ָ֣΢˲ֿڵˮƽĲǺףֻǾöԷƺͽܿס
ֻǽӸղſʼһֱĶŻ£Ҳ֪ԷЩʲô
ֶԼϸ΢İգǸֲġû³ֻ֣ôһۣ֪ˡ
ôԶľ룬ʵ¼ʹҲȲԷ
ԷǸµķӡ
̫ǿ˰ֿ˿µıͶһܿóԷˮƽȷʵеĲģֻͽ뷨Ҳһ̫ˣʱ䲢
Աߵ᰿΢΢Щźı飬Ҳǿһ£ʣ¡ʲô°ɣ
̾˿Żĵͱԣվ̫ǿ˰
ҲİæӹõҲܺõ𣿡
Ĳ̫ĸʵֻСĵ˵ȻˣǶϾǸϵͣ뽭ʱС¶ûأҡţ
عͷͽһ𾪵ĿŲԶĻ£ʱǻ¸ո̧ͷǸʱ
ĵı˹һıһ
᰿̫ܿ͹ĵıͬʱסˣһǷⱲӶ󲻵飬´ʱ˿һǰĿյѡ裬Ƕȴʱ𾪡
ĻҲ̧ͷ˫Ѫ죬һ޷İһչ¶ǵǰһʱʲô˵
ʲôû˵ֻǵƾű˶סµһɱ֣
ôܣ̫ܵ󣬾Ķ̲ס˳Ȼʱ˿Ҳû˻ע⵽һ˶Ļסˡ
»ڵƱ绹Ҫ㣡ڹеΨһ뷨
һԵɱϣɱһ˲͸ǹ˶Ǹϵ͵ɱһ˸޷Ĵˡ
˵ʱ˿̻ϵѾùĸеˣôһĶѾ˵߶Ҳ벻ˡ
һŹɾ֮ƣһܶ൶͵ĵ󶼻ʵ޻ĵȴͬ
ĵһֱ˲ͬǸʵšһʼĵǳ¥ԽĵԽԼԸ񣬱ԽԽ⣬ԽԽҾޡ
ĵϾǾʮĵǸλ˲űʱоһ˲űʱڣʮвли»ĵѾʱһӱҳǰĸо˵ǰ
ԼǾòĵģһֱֻõļ޷Ҳǰʮꡣ
ڵҲԼûùġһδεʱ˿̾ȻԼϡ
ĶǱݡţ֪ģָоᵽ
ոչѾȫסˣò˵˾䣬벻
ȻҲܿڵһһһˮУֳǰĵ𾪵ġ
һµܶʱĶ츳һ֡
Ǻܶ־еĹһĳϵ꣬ȴȻĳ糿·Ȼ𻯳ɡ
´ʱĵȻ羭ǧ֮ɵģΪͬһĵгһ־˵ʮĥһ㾭˹ζûС
ĵ·ȻɣԼʹǹҲûпο³Ʋֻ࣬Ϊǻһġ
οһһĻָֻ
ʱҲĪӣȻ˿ΪͣĻȴҲ˵оеġǰһ֮һ֮ĽԽԽãλҲԽԽߣһʵ鹦һεײ
ѾϾȥ룬ֻǶ˵˾䣬úÿţѾȫȫĳ˻µĵ
ʱ򲻶࣬ʹԹ߿Ҳźܶ
᰿Ķ࣬Ϊ𾪵ǻڵӡ
ӼİϤϤ۾ԼԼĸоİְ
µһμʱһСܵܣǴʱֳһİʴӵĶ
ֶоһ˵׵ս


51 

˶Ҳͽм֮, ࿴һҲ, ǵע⣬ҲֻмڰķӲŸֱǡ
糬˵Ĳ书һЩѧ⣬һϸ΢Ķֵ˻ζ졣
ʱ˿̹Ѿȫ˲, ˭û취лع
ǸϵͿŻµĶҲٴС
ոնԷĶһ˿ͣȴڶ̶һϢ֮ͱиɻȫ벻м䵽׷ʲô
ҶԷ񡭡Ȼܵһ˿⡣
߻ħ۾, ڰĶ磬ڳһ˲չ¶Լбıԡ
ǰ˵һŻҵĻ, յĸңһƫִ, ·չһУԼǱˡ
, ϵͶӳһ
ͬǿʱ, Ҳıˣһִݿ֮ơ
ԱվŵûдǰȥһȥȻԼƤ񱻵һۡ
вԼΪԼֵѪ, ɸɾƺʶԭǻþ
ܵʵֻϵ͵ĵ⡣
ƯĴʱ˿̾ȻΪϵͺ˲ʡ, ֻǰһĺ
ֻΪڵĻѾͬλ, ԲŻ˱֡
һԱߵҲֱ, зٵһ仰, ô˾Ȼǿϧˡ
ϵͻӳһѾжĵ, ȻϵһѪһһԸǹϷǵĹԡ»¸ôϵ͵ĵ»ܳбϵ͸۵ı
˵ϣǺãģΧ۵˴ʱ˿оȻһ˿ʡ
¿ϵ͵ĵҲ̾ûԹ⣬ܼܣһԼ϶ggˡ
ǸϵͣǸϵ͡ʱǳɣҪྐྵӵĳ嶯ҲʲôһƬС
Ϊ۶жôǰᱻϾ˭¥¥簡
Ҫ˵ٽа˹ɡ
ˡΧ˵Ŀ˲ۼ˻µϣĽС
Ȼĵһģڵӡ
ʱġ¡ƽʱǸ½ȻͬƽʱĻģڵŵģϵֱ۾еΧһЩСɽ۾ֱ
һڳ˻ûһΪ缴ʹǷˣһЩվǺ˲һġ
뵱¥϶һţҲֻһ͡··һЦһĴȺȻһʣû˿װε˸˿·ΧһУȻֱֱĸϵ͵ĺ
ϵ͵۾ȻۿһѪĲӴ
ԼĲӺ˼䷢ķ
Χ˶ˣ˲²⻪()ֵסһ˭ûϵȻ˵ɣɵϵһаܱ
֪ǲǴܾá硱ܲһʵʵ˵żļЦ֮⣬ܸоԷĴڣ͸оһ˿
Ϊβ룬ΪոնǸϵҪɱֵʱһ
ΪԷֻһЩأ
ڻܲԼ壬»һεԼıˡŶԷϵǵˣʮֵˣֱڣѪԴԴϵӿʵֻҪֹѪʱ˾Ͳ¥¥ϵļɱһ
ӴԽ𣬻¾ûɱˡȻҲԸʹ˽䣬Ըղų˶Էһ¡
ȻΪԷĴڸ̫ޣֲַĸоǶԷԼ
ϵʹϢҲʶʲôסԼ˿ڣƴذѹֹѪ¿ŶԷסλã֮һ˰̡
Խ֮ǰڵϿ˰̿¶ЩԽҲˣȻܷӦ˰ǲصģ˿ھȻССοһ¡
һԼͨ죬ʱ˿Ǻøƻһ
ϵ͵֣ĺԼʱһѾˮ㣬ĴóĶйѧתķɿ졣
֣֡ôˣԭŬϹĵ˼·ģµѾˡĴʱ޲ˣֱ˵
᰽עӵϵ͵ĵϣһʼϵ͵ڶǼȻᵽ˵ͰĿעӵ˶ԷĵϣȻʮֲȷע⵽һ¡
òơǲϵ͵ڶĵڶ
˼γʵУᰶЩʵˡӡԼйڵӰ飬Ǽֻڴ̸У˵ĿУͽǺӰ˵ĶӰ쵽һѽȴǷ˼
ǵģǵ·ں¡
ҪѪö֮ͷ·飬һ֮ĸо
᰻ǰѵȴѾƽˣոշ·־һĳҲһǴûгֹ
ҲֻһӾңҲֻϵ͵ڳ鶯Բľ棬ǹǸʵĽ͡
ͷĽǻǱȽϴӵģһһ̸֮飬ʲôǧ쿴ʲô䵶ʲôٲˢڽдˮĲⶼǽǸɵó£ʱĹ˷ܵļҪԭתȦ
±ҲҪˣ籾˵˼άȻǳûа취ģȻǰһֱӳȺеһ˹ȥ
ŻԽԽĶеɫҲԽԽ֣¿˶Էһ۲˳ԷǶҵģҲǸղھϯ˵Ǹˡ
ʱ¶ˣһƴܣ¶Էϳ
¸оѾ˵ã²ҪԭһŷˣһŬĿסԼı顣
ĵľǡ硱Ҫŷңʱߵ˶ҵǰ¾ۿԼһֻ̧̧˶Է򢡣
Ҫʲô
¸û취סԼĶˣܿסԼıѾһֵÿϲɺص飬ԼľûǸо˳󡱣ԡµĿ
ǶҵĻҪôһ㣬ڸŶԷһӳ˶Է
һԲƽʱܸɵóİɣ
ԼĿз·³һ仰𣿡
Źģ¶ģ²
仰籾ʳģ֮⣬˶⣬˵ĸо
ȴڴʱһ£仰˵
ԡǸʱԷô˵ţ
ҵĲ֪Ǻ£Ϊԭüסˡ


52 ȥ

õ˶Է϶Ĵ𸴺, µҲû¶ʲôͺǵ֪һ͵֪Ĵ𰸡
Լ֪ԼֵжôΪҵĻá˵ĻŭţһҪЦ
Ҳ֪ҵĽϹȥ᲻Ӱ, ԼСʱ֮ǰϷĹʵǸ, Ǹرбĺӡţϣ̫ѹɡ
ԭԼ뿪֮ǰְ״̬, ǿҲúãһֱʱԼʲôڻĸо
ŶҵС˵, ҵ˶ˣһʹ󵱼ҵġ
µ˵, ˿Ҳ⣬ϸϸ滹ֺܺĴԸ, һһȻҲûΥ͸С
Ƕҵ׶ԷΪʲôոɽʱһԲ, ΪԷһ˵
оĩβṦʧУʵߵĲ, ǳмûκһ˸Ҷ
ĳˡ
ڻµṦһ̣ȳ˳ȥ˽
׷̲סʵ, ոյǸ, ǻ𣿡
͹ĵ, Ҳû׷̫ǰǸӰϡٵĵطܣȵ׷ʱѾͣ
᰻Ϊ˺˵ͣҪɿʱߵͻȻȥһһҵķסҡҡ׹Ļ¡
¾ԼҪˣֶڶ
Ļ˵
£롣ոֻʮӣھͶøɸһոա뿪ʱûãͻȻվվˡ
ô£ʡ
Ŀ˻һᣬŸп˵ոձ̫ˣˣһʱỹǸолزҪһ
¾ԼİۣǸոջӵֻֻ֣ȫȫĵġصԼ֮ŲոյĿжôĿ¡
ܲڻԼˣڵҲԶԶȲ۷ʱ壬Բ˵Լ
ǰԵĵ롣
ֲüĵǴŹɲһĸоԭԼҲôĺݣÿһýȫвԼ˵һ׻ᷴ˵ĵǳ⼸ûʹóˡ
˰ѻ·ԱЪһᣬµȫǺĿʣôˣ

ƺ˵ʲôǱˣ˷ܵĿŻµոյĵѵԴģ
ǡɡ²Ǻȷ˵
һ𣿡
һЦĸԷԼµ֣ҲǰʱϹĥͻȻ˵оȻ±̼һ²ײʹģҪһʹҲõȵˡ
Ҳ֪ͻȻĳָоЦûϵһ죬ȥ֮ȴ˵Լĵ⡣
ȻʱʹˣǼȻѾ˵һ״̬ǾͿ϶еڶΣոյǳҲʮֵľʣ㹻ζܾá
ĸЪ˺óʱ䣬Ҳûеڶ׷Щ˶סˣ˻Ͳõģ˭׷
ȻոҲڣ˵ӦǿȫˣÿԳһԼոձֵôʵҲûףΪոմ󲿷־ڱֱˡתǣҸոձֵô
ôʣеŹ֡
תͷģһµոµһɱֵô
ҲʮϵҲ˼һõ˵ͷǻ˵ֵĺðɣȻСɱǡ
֣µ˭ɱǰ
ֻû뵽һôְѻ²Ѿ΢΢Ļˣڸ˵Żҿ¾ΪǸˡ
һʶԼ۾ĺɫӦǽȥģĻָԭĺɫ
ոһֱվںû˵ʱͻȻ̧ͷǵˡ
ĸ˳ɫδҴææɽɽ֮ǰ»عһɽϣƻͨ
ֿɽͻȻе֮ľ
ûоС˵ге֡澭¥һΣǴûʲôʵС¥һΣӦҲֻǵڶΡ
֪´˵Ŀлʲôӣ
ԼЩ羭̫ԶԴѾûʲôоˣڻͦ뿴պĽǸʲôӵġ
żɽ·ϱ˴˽һԼɽϵõ鱨

Ҫ˵һ䡰ֻһѪȴΪ
»صٲоָֻյǸСѧͽӣʼϴϴ̣κĻһǳҪ¡½
뿪ǰãЩ˲úһ¥ӳˣȻŸǶЩɽ֣ɻСӴܣǸ޴ˡгǳ׵Ĵݻˡ
û¾ûǺܿĵģԭڽûʲôУԸйеĵطҲ࣬һʶԼȺõģΪȺ׺;÷ǳĿˡ
֮³˴Щɽ⣬ûȥ飬ΪܵĻջ񵽺籾̫ƵĽƽĶۣ¾ԼͦţģпԼĵ¸ɴҲͲˡ
һȥɽҲǡšˣԼݵĶ˼ҽĶȫһ
˵ǵݸһСɱħľ籾İɸİɰjokerˡǰλӲĵ£ǾôҲûס
ܺǶԷڿ
Ϊһִ˵ĻȻٷ緭̵ķɽɫԶԴȻȹŴ˶˺ܶ⣬վ̸ֽ˭˭ҲûϹ㡣
ֻһ㻪ģǾǡӾ۸С
ִ̹̹ͬǿȻ˵ҾյĻڹŴ˵ֻ²ҪżģϾͷصļֵۣҲʮֵͬϿ϶ôдġ
ǻҲϾСˣҲϵһЩǱҪȫòȡǲܵģֻáòȡˡ׼淶ԼҪá˶չ׼硣
ҪܶܶĻƶ⼸컪ƴѻƶŪɿ״Ϸ
أϰͻȻ
Զ¾Ϳıɷ
һǲûнӻѯʶԷΪʲôġ
ϲ㡣ϰЦеĶ˵
ϲʲô²ʡ
ԷЦϲ㣬Ժܸһˡ
ϢͻȻҲż
Ҳ֪ûȥעǼ죬澿˶ô췭ظı仯


53 

һ˸оʵһ츳
һռƵ, ıŲ֮һǹ⿿Ҳǲеģ籾Ǹǳӡ
ҪһһεĿٳһ裬ԸΥЩǳĵǻȻɵģģ»ģµƤëģµǡ
¿ԼӣֻܿɽϵЩˣԾֵΣҪȺС
Ǹû¼豸, һ˵ĺûȫƾ˵һ졣лµɽϵɽǣСӡ¥ӳˡ
ϴλ¥ϵʱҲȥһ£ӿĽѾ㹻ʱѻµˣʵϴι, ڽеĴڸнͽ㣬˶Ҳ羿ʱ¥뿪ʱв˸Ϲȥ׷վû׷
йòĴ˵ҲֻʣǸһЦ¥ɱסɫΪŨĹ, Ҳֻڽϵһ¶档ƾǰֵʮʵǲڽ¶ӡģڳ˾ܻͱ絽жҲֻܴʮ, ǶѾܵˡ
һոڽ¶ҪҲܹ, οʱҲ̫, ɱִ󲿷ֻǲ¶, ԾŴ˵о޾, ҲΪ˽һʱĻ, ˻Ǻ١©ʲôأ
ο⽭ϵʵ̫ˡ
ʮͼϵ꿡ܲò˫ȫҲ٣źе¹µһˣɽׯС㹫ǡ̫̫ˣֱڻֻаһ׼ȷĻûС
һС˹ĳ࣬ʵòһգЩ˻ӱ˿˵糤࣬Լۼģǳ͵͵¶һ⣬Ҳûκεİ취
ֱ죬ϲ³һйصĹ£ɽˣԪءȻѱ棬һָ˵Ķܹ˽̸̸Ǵû˰ϡ
жԶԱȽĹŴ˵ִЩԪصĶ·ǽʮΣգ㹻ǵĺġ
һ߾Ǽ̫˵ڵ£һ˽ƴᣬָìܵıʹͬһӿ
һʼֻС̫֮ʺϵһ̸ˣ֪ҲԽԽ࣬ʹڵĴѾ֪£Ҳûڴ̸ͥ۹ô¶ûӰٲԭҲ
ϱһδŮװŵʱ򽭺ӦҲûôĪ󲿷˶ľ˵ˡȻµļϾΪӽǵģƫҲ¡
һδҾȻô͵͵̸Խ͵͵Խ˷̸ܵڻµ֮⣬ȴҲ֮ڡ
ʵ˵ԼǴξޡģ汾òƻ˵ƺͱƽһ龰ԵĶҲһֱûб¶ԴҲ֪ʵǻɽɵھ󲿷˵һСĸЦǿ˵ڵģһ֡ޡҴСɡɫʵĹȴ޷˵ڡ
ܽϼ˶õʲô¶ûзΪ̫ԵʣʹǵҲ˸оȴƫƫ֡˵ط
׼ȷ˵Ǵ˸ˣκһŮнүŮһеһжġ
Ǿ󲿷ʱ򣬴˸λ൱ڴȫ
Ծǻ͵͵ᣬͺⲢʲôܹڿڵĶһ
¶ԴȴѾˣϾλڹŴӦһǳµ顣Ȼͷ˰Ů˵Ҳ٣Ϸмͦ࣬¥εʱһģһĸ˻ֶ֮ڿڣ
֮ǶѾ㹻ˣΪɽڱΪˡ¥ȺˡΪһֱǸɱֵģһѣĿǰΪֹûСһЦҲûԴЩϷһһֺܱĵĿǡ
ֿǻ˵á
һϮɫ·ҲȻٵ׺һƵһ֡Ϊʲôɫ·֤ʵǸˡһ֪
ǳϢģܶһʼ֪ΪʲôͻȻǼȻ˸ŴԼҲ͸Ŵȵ·ֵʱ򣬺ȻѾ˽µĳ
˵ﻰԼȷԴͷΪԼΪʲôˣΪĿǰҶ̫Ĭˡ
µĽ֮ҲͽǸˡʵһˡ֪ӺǺܻΪһŮ˵·ɱϲĵز
ǽϵһͨŮȻǸ£ʦ˽ʱԱ͵ġ
һʼֻˡˣɽĴʻ㣬ΪʲôʦҪ͵͵̸ʹȥ˰ҲûʲôֻһŮСıץɽһ£ž˵ǸŮͻȻΪʥĸɵĵһͣȻﳤȥ
ﻹŽʲôʱһôŮأֺȻˡ硱֣ϸϸŷԼոǸŮ硣
磿һûعһʱ仹ΪԼˣֱϸŷȻûȷˡ
ǸŮµһɱ硣
˵һʲôζʼò޸еˣΪɱֱӦͬһޱʹǾ˵òܳڵ磬ǰ¥粨ʱҲֻ䣬֮ⲢκεĹע
Ķôϳģɽϵʦ֣ɵƷģÿһ϶ʵļͺϼ룬ʵ벻аŮװԲϳ˾Ӧóʲôӡ
Ƥܰ𪣬üҲһ
ڵＸռˣϾȥǱġɽϳĹͷһαķʽĳ࣬˶ѾˣʹˣҲǿĳ
뿴ʲôģﰵ˵
ΪӦаŮװŮװҲ٣ԼҪټ£ȴ޵Ĺš
ٲУºͽ棬㻹һĸо𣿡
СĵĵԿ


54 ŰԵ

콭ĵһ¾ܲһصǸо, »ΪҪԼһѵʥĸо, ǰһᵶ, ûͣ
ôˣﲻԾ𣿡ֵʡ
´˻°, µȴۡԼı, ԻµҾͦ档
棿ĸģʡ
һʼҲԸˣ㻹, ȻĳһЩԸ˲¡߹˿£ǽټ֮, ֺȻǰ쿴Ǹǻþ
Ż˵һתͷȥĬĬѡ
ˡ
Ļ, һ˷ܡʱͻ³һЩĪĻ, ʱǲҪͽȥá
߹۲ŻĶͻȻ˸ʮֿɵĲ롣
һΪ˿赶ģǹָģôһֱſĪڹ۲ǲԼʵԸɣ
뵽һ㻪¾е㵣, ־ûʲô, , ¡ֻ, ܲװʲô֪, ﻹֵֹֹĸо
治ϱӺ˼뱲ӵĽ, ԼԸͶԷ˵ʱԷһܱx䵭, ûʮӣȻܻһĿﶢ졣
епô˵أȻ˽ĻϻѾˣֻΪԼ˵ԷӰӣȻƨƨߵĸ˹
ĪŰô¡ף˸оеְ
Լһ߸ɻһϹĥҲû֪ʲôԶһԼĥҲ£ԼĥˣҪԱ߻Ÿ¡
˺óʱһתͷֱĳһôûߣ
⡣˵ǰҹ㣬˵ԺԸһˣ
ףô֪ʡ
ѵͲΪʲôô𣿡ʡ
Ϊұֵȷʵµճھʶһ⡣
ӦǲҪıֵģǻϣ³ΪһͷβĿء
Ǻȴûй࿼ǹ⣬˵Ϊ޴֣ҲʱˣⲢĿǷΧڣͷЩôģ޷ŵļƻ
˳һᣬ¾櫿²ûгɽϣΪԸҲȥ֡ǷǳԸ
ǽȴһҪԵӵʵλҪģ˵ͷϵλ飬ڿ㣬ӹһ٣λ˾ʲôϵ
λˣ
һᣬʵܶ˶ΪߺŽġΪǸͻȻսˣ˵֮ǰġԱѾҺˣ£ű˹
Ҫ˵λʲôϵǿûУе黪¶ܻ޷Ǿȥ˸·Ȼ˿֮˵ͷǾôˡ
ûСεҡҡͷʵҲûУ㿴̫ʵˣŵǲˡ
λˡ˭ͻȻʶǸܴݵʱԾòʡ
Ҳ̫ҸоСȥ°Ѷ˹ȥ񡭡λ׹ݡ
Ȼ
˴󽱵ĸоȻҲ֮⣬Ͼ룬ڹŴôĳ˸մ״ʵģ˭ˣ²λүɡ
еף׵û°ġ⣬ȴû뵽С˵ĺûʲôϸΪ˵仰ǼʵڲǸһ㶼Ϥġ
ʲôº׷һ䡣
˵ҪؽΣΪΥ˵ãһЩˡŻµ˵Ӧӵġ
仰Ҳһ㶡
⻰ȷʵǲϤ˵İ
ڽ뿪Ժһֱĥ£ϤǴԽһûëȻʲôС͸ӵĵģѵŮװ磿
ܰСǰ˵ӡһ´Խǡû֮ǰǲ˿ŷҵӵġ
Ϊֿʼĥи󵨵뷨˲ɣ˵Ǹģ¿С˵еҲеӣʱȫղסˡ
ڻǱèץһȥϸʱ˯ʱ䵽ˡæаʱ˯ʱ䡣Ȼ磬˯Ҫ
ɴ˯ˣ˯˯ž˸Ρ

ƺǻصСʱʱ⣬ν˼ҹΡļ䣬ȻǺϸҲ㡰ͨһ飬˯ǰ£ҲǸйصġ
ϡģǼôһ¡
ԭʱﲢû˿紩Ůװʱӵģֻʱ绹̫СԻһʼû뵽һϡ
磬еź
˯ͿˣĻӼǵԼоֻͷѹͷߡ
Ī
Ҫʮǰ˵Ǹʱ绹ֻ¥еһСɱ֣ûûݣöͨʯͷӶûСʱҲֻܰһЩʵС񣬵Ͼ¥Ǹ߲㣬żܱųȥһЩġ
ôһεЩ⣬һ¥ҪһСȥǳƯСˣʱǡþ类˹ȥ
ŶԭһеǶܶˡ
λ䣬Ӧ꣬һСƨδͣʱ缴ʹװкӿҲŮӣһûСӵվģôװҲСкҲԴֻΪǸСŮкӡ
˳һỪ»һǳ˼ĵطԭЩŮࡱ˵ʼȻǴʱ򴫳ġ
缴ʹͻСͬµСӼҲΪݵˡʱǱҪһŮӵģ¥ǸεŮֶرɫӦرҪ¥Ҳʼԥڷ˭ȥá
һͻȻ˵粻ǳСŮ𣿲ȥɡ
һδƯСȹʵӦʱʱǸƯСܹĴСȹʵͦĵģͱɵһСү¡
룬֪λ˭ˡ
ֲöԷȻ飬ͦƯڡ
ŰԵ


55 Ů

֪Լȷʵи̨, Իµı΢ȻҲû˼¶, ϴɽ¼ĺҲǽ͹˳
һǴ¥Щɢ˵ȾȻ취Ϣŵ˸ġҲһʱҪҪû¹ȥӸͷһ뷨, ûȥ, û֪¡һСͼ
¥ǱòƶԻ³־Щ˺ǲ, ôѰ˼ġСĪ¥Ŀǣ̨ӵİɣ߸˵˶˽½ӴЩӳȥˣͷɽǴɽ˳ķţ
һ鱨氵ɱʼЩ۶, ɢһЩйԸбҥԡ
ҾĿǰҥԴгЧ
֪Ǿôͷģİ汾Ѿɱ, ԸбòرÿǱԸɢ෴, ԸŹֶҺԡ
ţСϢ˵С, һһ
Ƿǳ, Ǹ羪˵òһɳģ¥ҲƲ, û㹻ϢҲܳɳ֮졣
ŵʱ򾪴ˡ
˵ԶǴ, ôܰ˵իһġ
Ҫ˵ĳЩʵ̰ƫģ˴ð, ϾͶΪһ, ȵ˻ֻǴ˵, ˲ڴͽȻͬ
ŴȻҲ̫ŵԸ񣬾ִһټҽ̳Ѳܲٱ˶Ŀеż񣬶ŴǾİ
ţھкܶòƶɽΪ˾Щ¥ӳˡ
ϢϾܱſһռ̶Ⱦ֪ˣִ˵ͨڹŴн˼ҲŻСģ¸ʱ˵Լʶֻ˰졣
һ̫ÿҾ˵ǸӵˣֻСɽˡͺõĹǲģЩϴڸĶ˵һرˣһЫˡ
ҥԾӦ˶ˣ´벻ڵɱʱûԸбִţȻۡ󴫳ˡ
һʵˣҲʵ벻¥һŴ鱨žȻҲˮֶ˹ĲҪǻɢҥԵľֲڸصķ¥Ȼ֪鱨ǾͿ϶ɣ˼ҾﰵţƤѢ棬԰飬Χ㡣
Ī籾ô£бԸŹ֣ɱ˳ԡţܸоһеһжܶԵϰ˴Ŵһ֡
תתֻˡ
»ǲ͵˾籾ߵġ籾дġһʵҲ͡
һ컪ڰٲҩأһȣһ߸пĿŶľ¥Ľ˼ң⼸˸˵һһι¿˾ͱ
ԸҲǵһԱһྐྵһ˵
һʲô˵Ҹ˰Ա˵飿һԻõĵ
Ҳȥ
ʲôĵܸܲѧѧһĲ˵ͷɻ첻ͣ˵Դۡ
أĵ㲻Ҳ𣿡
ǰٲվſڸÿüǱ˵Ļ˵ɤҸеһֶһҲʮ
˵磬ǰʱ䲻ȥɽ𣿵ʱ˶˵ʵǺÿһţ֮ԳñŮ˻ÿΪϲɱʮ߰ŮȻǵѪԡ
ֶʼˡ
⵹ģֻǵΪ¡ϾСǴﴫģСǸͬһ׵羿Ǹʲô󰡣
ͼоһѪԡһ߿ƣȻо˰ֻǾеɵٲļҲڸп²۵ĵȻͻһҲ̫ˣǸɱֲ֣Ǹ˵֡
µһɱְĵµһɱ֣¥˶򲻹һ˸жҿ϶е˲ͬĵطɣȻôڣ
ںĬĬزӡ
ôڶѾˣôԸ϶ǻòбһɡͨȸ˽߻ħĽ˵ҵ˵һʼھֵʱΪӣҲɱѪ졣𣬱Ͳһûĵط
ѽżͦѧİ¾ȵĿ
ҵһĵԺҪǳ˶ˣǲҲҪҵһ
ã׿ˡ
ĬĬؿʼʰӣ̸˵ڽǲǳסڽĻ¥ʱĬĬ˵̧šȻǽŵˮ
ȵ̸ƽʱжôݻ᲻ŶҪûѾתĬĬȥĻƶȥˡ
ضضء°ѻƶӲͣˤһ͡
ƶӾǽһԼǷܳɽҪԼҲûʲôף̫ʪˣе㵣ʲôڰ
ڰٲһûʲôεʱͻȻ˼ˣǽʱ򶯾ֶܴƴİٲõȻҲ˽⣬ָǽˡ
˿ûκĸо̧ͷȴ˾ȻһЩͬ
ΧһȦˣĸߴˣص͸Ϊ׵ģȴǸŶҵĹ
˶һۣǰȥô£һ˴ĶŮ𣿡
ʵһ㶣ֻЩεĵУֻˮƽ̫
̧ͷһ˲俴мǸֻһ۾ϳ˶Է˭
ôˣʱǡ
һ£ֻȻĸоʱЩʵЩΣΪЩֻŮдͲС
ǵļȷʵôһΣû뵽Ȼӵˡ
˵²СȻԴҲЩߵģ˵ҲֻǶԷļ£ȫʲôϵģԻǲΪá
ʱǸΧסͻȻתͷҪӰٲܳȥһǸ˵ԱЩǵķӦǵٶȷɿ죬˲ס˳ڣڶ̫Ĺϵ˼ӡ
űһЩ˺ʲô
ЩҲûֻǰǸΧסȻһԲĴԺ˹ȥһŭĿǣòƼ˶ȥˡ
ҲԶĿǣһڸ޵Ģ
룬ԭڸвŮӣӵİ


56 

ϱŮܶ, еһԿóĸϣԸ񰲾, ǡ
ļͥҲ壬ŮӺСʱòƾЩ, ǸܸҲܷյļͥ, кӴСᱻϰ, ŮȴֻѧϰŮ塣ǸصŮ, ϲŮʹ, Ҫһ̽ĵŮ
ʮ˵ӹһ, һξȥ˽, Ǻʧˣ粻ʮ
ʮʱѾˣŴҲǰ, ԷǸйһЩӴṫӣ۵ĻǺðɣһǺܻ, ˵кܶСⷿ, ڶԸҲӵܵһ֣ĵطڻͶ̥
ȻĻҲס, סĵȻֹʮһꡣӱ˵ĿһͻȻ, ǺǸлᱩɷй, Ϊһֱѻй, Ȼֹһ̡
ӡ, ֻǵڰݷöԷʱں棬ССĴźȹһһķβҡǸͷؽĴƿ
ϾǱ˼ҵ£׻˵ٶѶϼ£οһֻҩ򹤵СˣûҪȥһţ⣬ⱲӵĽҲô࣬ϱŮ̫ˣŮҲ죬ļһ˿ļ䣬վҲֻƼˮꡣ
ֻʱôɺϣƫƫĳЩʱĳЩͬ¾ͻȫĸıһµòʱ﷢Ĺ»ȫȫͬһ
´ؽǸͿʼƫƶڴӸָ;ҵһ˵ĳλ档
ʱѾΪϰĿеʱѾԳƵһδ棻
ǰι·˳СĵĲ֤ţձһ˵˿ж֪Ĺ£ιѪȷĽΪĳʫĵ׺

ڵڻоһСƨ
ЩָݣҺû׵㣬ʵС̫ˡ
°ͷżӴ϶￴ǸϸϸС첲жŰӣΪʲôӷԣ
ͷͷζԷû˵һֱڷ϶͵͵¾⺢ĥôء
Ϲĥˣ㿴µݷȥʱ롣ʲô֮ģһƵףⶼԣ֢Ҳ˵
κԶ׼õĻǻµӡѾϰˣϴѪ«סݣҲסݡ
±ͷԺҲãùֲǰһǸֱУ򶼲ùأοˣȻȷıʾԼǸҵĹһȤҲûУԼı־Ц
¾ͽ˭ԸɵĻȻЩģֵģ˭ǽʱ¾ﴧƶӣžӵġ
õķװһСӲ̫󣬷򲻺ôӴ͡⼸ͻȻ˸ûԷǻԼպġ
Ǳߵݹȥʱ򣬻¸С۾һ£Ա͸ߴ˿ţ²£ֻǰİѷ˹ȥȴС̧ͷ͵͵İѶҸժˡ
Ҳ۾һ˫رÿ۾ͻϸ͵۾ͬ۾ԲԲģֻ۽Ǵе̣һ˫ǳлҲܿɰ۾
Ż£Ҳ
°ѷһĳݹȥȻررСʣ磬ܾҳȥ𣿡
ֶһ£̧ͷССһţǻǶŻ¡
ͣĶ̧ͷȤζĿôһȥأ
Ϊҿղ͵͵İѴˡŻµлл磬ܿĶˡ
µͷ˵
ŶС˼ȻС﷢˰
ôС˵ȻֲһЩʶĳЩǼУ˵Ǵɵһ͡
磬һӳȥ𣿡СֺС˵һ䡣
²ĸСʵ飬ԹŴټǸӳһξѾˣ»ȥ֮Ŀػӵϸ񣬶ҲӳĻᡣ
С˵СҲվǻЩ˵ע⡣¿ѾŤͷˣ͸ɴ˴Ȼǵͷ˵ģҲ̫ССҲ֪û˵ʱ˿Ҳ֪˵ʲôܾô˾˵ʲôԵ̫԰ס
Ӧǻİɡ¿ȻƭСãǴʱ˿˵öԷÿҲǼ£俼ǵԷ˵ѻģ͸бҪˡ
СЩͷɥӣͻ룬Լһ׵ӣ⻰ͦģʹǲ˹Ҳ
ͷʵʲôҪʵֵԸͰ͵͵дһ߸ߵĵط˵ͻĸȻȳȥ
һľ飬Ů˹̸˵żһЩḯζľ顣һ׵Ĺ¾ŮΣգȻΪ˺˵һλ˵ԺʲôΣգͰдֽϣȻŵһ߸ߵĵطͻῴˡ
̧ͷС˵ǲԽߵĵطԽ𣿡
µ˵ͷﷴôдġ
Ȼź׼뿪˵ϴһҲ۵ĲˣǸʱҲͣ˰ɡȻС˼ǳ벻ģȻƿԼȹʼĹ
濴ˣЩľʱ˿ԱѾ˶˹СȴһһĳŸ߸ߵĵطΪСжˡ
Сߵλãһ˲ΪҪʼдʲôˡȴֲǡ
Ŀĺȷһ¹һС˳Ǹȥ
¿˼ҪŶ룬ƴͷһοһôСȻôΪѾˣǲҪס
Сջվˤˤʱ¼۾ƺЩ£ȴƺЩ̹Ȼ
һɲǣ¾˸ոԼ˵ǸƭСһĹ¡
ԽߵĵطԸʵֵĿԽߡȥԸվᱻһ
иеĴһȥĻ
ͻȻֹȥıסȻЩˡ
ºڰٲó֣ΪƽʱʵˣʲôǷǡ
ʱ˿̣Ѹ٣͸ոǸһ㶼һٲȻվ¥ϵ
ָɾ䣬ɫķβڷһȡ
ڵֱͬξгһ


57 Ĺ

¶֪ԼʱΪʲôҪ˫, Ǹôϲµˣʱͷһ, ʶľ֡
ȵһʶԼ˸鷳, ܴʱ˿Ҫ鷳Ѿȫˡ
ֱ, һֻмŶˡ
˵ʱʱ, ôͻȻһ, Χȫס, Ӧܿ졣Ż, ȻӺŴ˳ȥ
ǰٲ, վʱҪˣ˧ʱ򡣻´ͷβǿ׼, ȵԺ˱֮, ֱ㶵Ŀ˰졣
, ͻȻһʱ嶯ˣʰ
תͷ, ܱԼ¡ֱ㶵ĿеԭЩţһԼ
ԷſĻ, С, СֻץŻ¡
ͻȻʱԼ©һ㲻Ե, ǰ, Ҫ侲

ϡ, Ǵ˻̾һ
Ϊŵ⹤żͻȻ뿪Ҳ˵ʲôҲǰһæ
кܶ黪Ȼ٣ᡣؼ˴ֵټĳϵĺۼ飬ϾҲǻϱˡ
Ȼǻµһʵʲһж˳Щ֣ڻǵԼ侲Щ˵⼸ϵĺۼĨȥ
Ȼ»Լֵԭ򡪡ɱˡЩȻʱϵǵıңǰȫġ
һ죬ٲЩΪʲôͻȻʧһԸͣǰ¾ЩˣԻҲֻܰҲһ˳ȥڻ»ſ˰죬鷢̫Ҳûϣ·Ҳ̫ʱ䣬˻¸һʲôҲûԡ·ϵʱЩĻ᲻ˣҲһûԡ
¿˿ٲеӦǶ˯ˣǰŵԼϴˮĵﵽ˳С˳ʵҲЩƣǻǵԷ
͵͵ֻԼӣպþͿڴϡȻһеƣҲЩ̼Ϊ˺þ£ԾͦáʱڴϿŻ£͵յСƣ۾ƺ¹··ڷŹ⡣
Ѿûô෱صΣոϴ˸裬һص·
ȥЩ߰κ·ǸֿͨɰСͷͣĴԼ·Сֲͣȥ
ƴһδͨ˼ҵȺ·ܱԭ·һӶˣȴʮϲ
ԭôһ·ǻ·ˡ¿ʼǸôҪȻ˵Լݣٲûһûô˵ӦҲûʲô⡣
һҲС೤ʱ䣬ȻӳˣҲôûģοССҲǽʳģֳıֻȻɣҲԼĿ෨
紦ʱ˺ܶ࣬ʱڽ̸СһֶΣһʱһǱ۸ȻںʵʱСȥ
վ׵裬Ȼͬ˵㣬վҲ׵ġôСﶼڣµҲУǳһʱ϶ͻҵġʱͻҪȥ˰ɣ
°˸һˣҲʱԶˡһ߿ԣСȻܶǳԷرš
ССڵĳ棬˿û̻ʵζҲû˵ʱԷ˵˵ģԴСļҽ̾ǡʳ޲
꣬°˲׼ϴ֮Ͻ˯һӲ̣øСЩ˵ͻȻʧ
ʰʱͻȻʣ磬Ǹ𣿡
µ̫Ըָо
ţһ£ҲӦǰɡڻµĿһ㲻ͬĺ壬֮ߣΪΪ񡣡
ܱĻȷǡһǰɱҲܱĻֲˡ
ɡҲֻǸһĪɵĴ𰸡
ͷСͷͻȻԼԸСӸǲ̫Ȥһ㣬Է˵ĻֻøλǡȻⲻǻֻǵĲ̫ϲ˵ѡ
ҲһС˵
תͷ
£СӵرᶨһСһ
¿һͰͷת˹ȥС裬ѧܿġ
Ҳ¡
¶Ŀĺס
ˣ̫ӦӦִŵСӡ
ͷۣһʼȷʵŽ̸СһֶΣǵԤĻǲ̫Զˡ
ôΪССֻǵĺϵһġ
ִСѧҳĺ˵йڽ黹ǶĿȾǳȴŮȥѧĸܵÿ˶һҴա
СʱҲ͵͵Ҫѧ˽䱻ֺ͹Ľա͵͵СȰҪ͵͵ѧˡ
ǲ⡣Ϊʲôܵǿϰ䣬ԣΪʲôϰĸܵǿԱڵĽǾֻŮ죿
һ͵͵⣬õԸҪСࡣһҪǽѧɣͲֹ˰ɡ
Ҳֻ˵һ䣬һԼҲ˵ĸп˿пҲת˲ŵģȴġ
ľԼܳΪһڼҲܵһ
һ£ýģļҲСǳΪһ͡
Ǳ֮ڽ˵ҲΪһֱ
ȻбϲˣҲûзıֻзˡѡΪһֱ󲿷ɻͶƱʹһֹ⻷ͬʱҲһ־֮˵Ůý
ѧѣһѧƫƫҪѵѧ
µõҿԽ̸㽣
˼ûýģʹͨСʱʱõľǽŻ˸ɱĵ
һѽµֻ㽣Ļ֪ʶһЩܲȫԼ
ܼܳΪһ͡
ȻСܼȻҪѧҲûʲôֹ
ܼӿؼҵĽҲ˵²۵
෴ȫ֪ʲô
˵˵лл磡


58 

ڶ컪¸˰ѽ, Ȼ߰ٲõ˵ã, ҵи֮ǰֻͶԼ
Ǹܺ˵ˣİ, ˵һס
ʵ㲻һס, ±Ҳûôĵġз, ǻԼСҩ˯
Ȼݾǹ·, ¿ʼ˯ıӺͷԱ߰ĿŻ, ͻȻ˵, ǸĴ𣿡
ǡͣһºһʰһ˵
Ż¡ɻԻ󲻽⡣ΪʲôôĴأҿĳ, Ͳܻᱻ˺԰
Ǹδ, ȻСҲǿٲеĵλġԲʲôϰһ, һ˴򹤵, ǻ, Ϊʲô˼Ҵأ
ЩĿǰ벻ȴ
¸ҵǰƷ಻ĽģѽСʱС˫ֲ
ǰѽһ߸ߡ
², һֱضˡ֮ǰĹϵŪѽǲѵ, ⽣Ȼʲôϵ, Ҳ֮֡ŶĿƣɢĵĺ⣬ǰὣԲأЩ֮Сãñֻһ⡣
ֻСͺ͸ͷҲǵһס潣õʱеסˣ˰ҺһýƣֻǿЩҡҡ׹
Ť˽̧ͷ˿£Ҳûȥǳ
ʵʱԱ߿ŷǳЦǻסˡ
˵õҪ̶ԷǾһҪ̡
ͻȻһ͵һӶý뿪Լߡ
ͻһæվֱǣ
ҪǼ֣츳ΣֲǾͲ¼˵
ǣѾŵˣæ˵
ãڿʼһֱ֮ǰӽһǧ£һҵҲڶҵģġԺҵµ
ӽһǧ£۵ĿŻµ
ԡµ˵ͷ
ÿ춼Ҫ
ÿ졣
ҪҲҪ
ԡ
ĬĬŤͷԼŵѸԼһ߸ߵĽòЩãȻ
ǷǳϾڵ˵ô⽣˵һӵѧ⡣
¿ǸãȻСٴΡЦ硣
ûЦתˣӰеȻȻĮһӾͻˣŽһĽ뺰ȴֲҡ
´ӺԺıʧˡ
ƨƨߵתͷȥྐྵӵʽס
ʲôף˹
ҿźԺǸСŮ˼νȻٽһСµ
Ҫ죿ҿˡʡ
¶һ£ôãҹһСʱòϡ
˵ҲʮȶȰɡ
Ȼһ£˵ǲһҲûʲô˭鷳⹫Ӹ£
˭˵ģһм˲˼º𣿡
˵˼ʲôȻһĳǰ濴˹ȥСƨôֹˣȥȻҸˣ
³ƨɺ濴˹ȥֵһʲݣⶫȽϺóԣС͵ųԣͳ˿Сѡ͹˵ġ
ͻȻСÿ˵ô£
οĵ˵ͷȻȥɻˡĳ˵Ǹĺˣ˸Ӹ磬˸ܲһֱ׳İ׳԰סǺеġ
ںԺʱ򣬻±ƽʱ˸Ļ
ÿɵĻѾˣǼ˵ķһԣֻĬĬͷɻ
͵ϳؼҺ󿴼һΪˡ
ϵˣʵϻ°Ҳûڰٲô೤ʱ䣬Ϊ;ֱ˸ˡ
ҲϻǸʲôӦֻ˵±гȥ¡

˺þûٲˣǶ˴ӡǱȽġ
ϾûмεĽ˰ٲãȻεһּ˹ܳȥˡ
ʱϴٲѾһʱգھԼȥٲÿҲûʲôˡ˵ŵһЩ뱻ŵˡ
ڶ԰ٲõĸоҲܸӣżſھʱܾǸʲôĵؽһԴһεĽ硣
Ȼֻܿü
йȻҲ֪ܶ˶˵̺ܲɥĲ顣ӵԸȷʵȽϲбǴҹϵģȴʼ뷨һЩɡ
ôеġӡѾע⵽ȷʵһʵӡһСڵȦӣޣ˴Ҳ֪ͻȻսôһ·ӣҶĹЩӡ
һӵʵ̫ǿˣһķʵһµһɱ֡ǵĴͿԴĳġòһҡоͰ¥ӳЩˣٲԻ·Īܸϵ粨ˣ֪䣬ѾһСĿˡ
ٲȻǿԳΪһϴá
˵ĵطнĴٲȻԭһЩӡǲԼĵλܵвһЩںģһЩںˡ
˵Ľϡ
¥Ѱ磬ӡҲʼˡ
¥ͷǶ֪Ǳ˴˭ûҵ䣬ٲȻ̧ۣ֪УڽϷȦĵλȻҲ˿Գ֮Ϊһĵز
ȻĿǰΪֹŵ⣬˭֪ȷȷʵʵǸ˾
ʵǺԵģԭֻǵĲбϲŮ˵·ȴֶ˲㡰ϴ󡱵󣬶Ҳ֪ʱȦﾹȻһħõĴš
ȻԸŹֻ֣ĳЩʱֱ̳ǡ
Ǵﴫأ
ǴϴλȻȻɽȻЩ¥֮󴫳İɡ
ԭֻǱЩ¥ӳˣĪľͱ˱ǡҲĴԴ̫ˣҲǷǾܶ񾭲Ҳǹ¶񾭲һ翵Ķɡ
һԽԽаĴţһ߹۲ſһİٲãÿοִҵĸо
дԶĿˣ˵Ļ͸ԻˣԻõǸΡ
̫ˡЩ˵䵱ԶļλǻţʦɽΪ¡
̫󡭡ţ˷еࡣ
ٲõĿ㡣
ʦ֣е°иͺС˵ȫ֪ҹġ
û£Ա߲ҪҾСλһͷǳд緶ʦֱĵ
ǡһᣬĬĬ̧ͷҾãǻǻȥɣ¸Ĳ̫һ
˵꣬ס죬ĿŻ´ǰĴ߾Ÿ˵Сӡ


59 ʦ

²ûпڽֱСǡⲻץʱһݹҲ, ƽʱܵһĻҲ
ʵµˮƽǿԵ, һŮ֮ͨͨ, ֮մˮƽ
Ҫʻ֪֪Լڡӡ֮Ǹʲô, ʵҲġ
˵Ļ, ˮѡռɽΪܿһƬոµ, ǻ»ǱȽǵģϱӵɸʲôԼҲ
, гӺܱ, Žֱߵߣߵˮܶ, ˮϷ
氲
ĴС߹ûЩ߰ĻԽعŴҲǸ˿ĵµġ
羭ЩɱѪȵĻз·𶼱ޣǻȴǵý귢һЩ顣ļ꿰ǽļꡣ
Ƕʱ佭еġӡͻ˸д󱬷, ԭͨϰйǵͱȽ٣Ǽ꽭ϵǡ
Ƕڻɱɱ, Ҳɱ, ڿвװװ˵ˮ㡣
Ҳǡ
һ·һֻӴзɹͣ, Ӿ˻µ, ŵŸ, Ѹϰŵֽ, ֣֪ԭмɽɵҪ
²ںʲôɵҪָǿ⼸Ҫչһ£ֻܲװûȻҪϷҲиҵͽͬŵҪսεԲҪȥģһְݹȥ
ɽɺͻɽͬ
¼ǵɽɽӴͦ࣬ʱΧʱɽɵ˲֡
ͻȻЩˬô¡Ҳ֪ԼɽɵӡǵɽɺͻɽɵĹϵҪ˵Ļɽһĳ˲ˡ
иýͦСӣٲȻгΪһʦ˼мҲ˲ţȻɽһöˣɽòڽҲһ
˵ϴλȥĵĸΣԼͬһҴ˼СʱĴ˾ȻǸӣһǸ쳣͵ĺӡ
Ǹ˾ĹŴֱУ϶ʮֵĸӣҪ鲻ӣǾ͡˻
²ûлȥ֤ѯʶԷĶҲе棬ȥʾûҪˡ
˺˳С·ߣٲþˣԻ㰲Ǿո·Ǹ·ڣҲ͸ǸС̯ʱһۿԼǰмˣԶĵط¿һ۵ʱûע⵽ʲôȿڶ۲ſвˡ
ʵͦȫġǸԱ߼˽͵һ£ָǰȫ
ǰûֵΰãֱһȻ̧ͷ´ڴС֮䣬ǽýӰɱݶ֮ϣ˺һʿ
ȻǾͻȻˣڶʹĿջᵽ

Ĳ߾ʲôΣյϾλ򣬿κҪСϺ׶ᱻֱӰ
ں΢΢۾ǰǸŽˣǸˣӱӰͦӢģվȺеȺ˼ϴŵĲʲô·ǻ»һ۾ϳ
ɽϱΪǸὣ͡
˵ܲٲܲپ͵ĬĬ⼸˵Լαװһƽ·ˣȻ͵͵ĸں˵
ȥأиͷȽϰһЩ˵
һЩǿǻ֪ɣ
뷨һ˵˵ͷһοȥһʷǣȻǰ˺Ƭ
Ҳڱ˺Ƭǰǻȱ˺Ƭһ˵ȻǾͲúԿµˣ⡣
ߵķʵҲȽҡԱĬĬؽӻʮͤһ㣬˵ķܶء
ĬĬŵĴ߲ԭ˵ŻأȴȻ⿴˻£ͻȻһ㶡

ôˣԱߵİӵĿǵıЩӲĵһ£ȴ㶵ĲܳˣһۺͻȻع
ˡ˻ǻعͷһɥı飬Ǹ̫ʣ˶תͷ
Ȼ˶֪ʲô
Ҫȥģʷ
ǰ·˵ٲá
Ȼᡣ
ͻȻͷֵĿ۷㣬ô֪ٲã
ʦٲõЩ飬ⶣɽһҪȥһ򡣡⸽ʲôջ𣿡
ǵıھ֮ϸһϵζ
ǸĬĬشյĶʣôˣǲе⣿ôžɵһ
ĬĬƹǣȻŰٲõķ˹ȥ
»ûȽأֻǰʰĲˣЩϴɾûسͻȻ俴Զ˼ˣ̧ͷպþͿӭķˡ
ţȺ˹ʲôɻʱ򣬷˹ס𣿡
ǡµ˵ͷͺһãԨ
ΪʲôɽɵϵʲôĹϵϵ¥Ҫ󰡡
ΪҪɻԴһ΢·ɫӶ࣬Ψһһ۵װ½Ͻһ䵭Ļ
ǿ¾;ľڻǵøղžԷʱǼʱĻµ硱ӡ
Ǹᡣ
ǶЩĶԷͻȻʲôģ뵽ԷԸȴ־ЩСȻٲõĴˣǶԷһƬǳġ
ʣ棬˵¾Ըǳһˡ
ʵҲǻ¸ɽĵһӦӴ˶úͦġ
̧ͷǵ˱裬һᣬԼҪʰʰȥˣǼҲûʲô£ҲͿʼ졣
ĵĹȻǸйصĻ⣬ҾȻҲûܻ仪£ΪǰٲԱԾòñܻҲһ˸һɶ
»ǵ˵һ¶ԷĻź͸֮ĹϵʵǲģżҲụһ¡
ͦİȻèǸе㰫ɽɵӶŪŴ󻨣󻨱ߣèַߣ۾˶£һ˿롣
ڳʵвҲע⵽µģΪҲûܻԼ书£Ͷ䶼ܿһ㡣ټʺòЩڣȻעĿ
β֪ܲҵʦðи̾˿ſϣ֪ȥˡ
⻰һڣʱٲõվͱðҶʼƲ֡
һʰĶһ٣ղû˵ģʱȴͻȻΪʦ𣿡
ЩͻȻ죬Ҳȫתͷ
ʦôˣʡ
ܵˡǸӵС˵
˼תҪΣһ㣬Ҫˣþ
ʲôҪĻһ԰æͻȻͷ
˶Ȼһ㶡
ǵǺܺãǲ鷳𣿡ߣèİʡ
ҶһƬ죬·ǿԵġ˵ţǳǳЦһ¡
ɽɵһ£Ȼʼ˶̶Ŀǣʱֻղһֱȴ˻Ӧ
صĵͷȻܳϿ࣬ͬʱֲײĸжŻ˵лл
µİ˰֣ȻͨСһֿʼͷϴˡ


60 ʦ2

ǶڻΪʲôͻȻʮֵĺ, ǡʡ
Ȼڳе˳, ˶˽⻪µһ棬ǶڻͻȻ̽̽·ʾ˸м, ȴҲûˡ
´һ, ˴, ݾͺ㣬ǽĴ޺ܿҲ书, Ǹ˵ĸоֲûм̫཭ɱӡ
ʱϸоϣʵͦġ
δÿһ, Ů˵ĳѾǺ, ҲԹϻϲͬױ, ڵױ򲻻ױ£ֳܹһ޺ʡ
Ϊ̫࣬Եվһ˿ԶûСվһŮ, ҲЩǣֶŮԵĸо˳ܱ˵ҲΪԭɡ
ĸ䣬һ͸Уʵʵ˵ǻױ¶ÿͬһеɻ, ȻûȥԾͶˡ
ǡžͲ̫ܲӽǷǷеһ
Ǹǳõαװ, Ƕѻµһˡ
Ի˵ԼҪɽɵЩȥ̽̽·ʱ, Щ˵Ҳֻим֮ȫûбˡǻȴĶô⼸ҵǵʦá
Ǽ˴Ӱٲ˳ȥȥʱɫûȫڣҲˡǼɽɵں͵͵˵ҪЩ˾Լ˵Сǻ͵͵˵Ҳü
˻ᣬи˻µߣǸӵˡװĵһ֪ʵѾ֪˶ԷǸġ
ǸһߵʱǵòҪ̫ԶǸСĶŻµ
תͷһۣȻ˵ͷá
Ⱥĵ˰һ񶼱ú˵㡣
»Цһ¡
ʵһ·϶ЩľĿǰĵɽɵЩ˻ڲ֪˻£ͻȻ䱩ߡ
ȻԷǸˣҲ֪жԷʵһӡ
Է۵һŰɫ룬ֻ⿴Ǻɫģɫ߻ħ֮кټΪ󲿷˶һ޺룬µȴһͨͨ롣
߻ħ˵˵ĸоǺаԣǻµ뿴ͺСֺܾ£ͨͨ룬һԭζ
ղǳʱ˵˾һɫ»ڣʱ·ῴ壬Щ˾ִӰٲյƳǡþ¥յơ
¿ǵüۣװʲô֪ˡһ˳ȥʱǰ棬ͱ˺棬ɽɵ˼м䡣
òŰмİɡĬĬں濴š
֮ǰ˽һ߷ǵġϴʮͤ
ϴǼģǵµСϺ׻ܼõҪȥľǸרŸ鱨СϺףСϺ׵ʡ
רȥ߻ħҲʲôȤɽɵҪ
·ƺйʦõĹ£²ûϸҲ˸롣ʦӦǸһˡܵԭʲôŮȶһºǲǣֲǻֵ
ǰ棬Ǹӵ˿ǵģԿʼϹһ⡣Ǹǰǰʲôİ
ǰڽġµ˵ʱЦһ£ʣʦֵǵһɽ𣿡
ӿǰ˵Цݣ˶һ¡ǰ˵ǸˣഩŮװʱ˵İװʱŮԵᣬʱ´ŵľһװǸһȸ͵پ͸ͻˡ
˵ĸо㣬Һܸɾ
㲻ѵãѵǸɾһ͸ĸɾС
ľ¶һ˲ֱͬϵ·
ֻôһ˲䣬Ӿ;ǰλǰСҽǰӦҲһԸرᣬƢرõˡ
˼˵ǵһΣʦǲǡ
ЦˣⰫӾߵģСҲͦ˼ӵһתʻ£ǰеţ˵
˵˰̧ͷ룬ܶࡣ
һ㶼ʲôӵİʣʦ˵Ǻܿ£ʵеĻš
ǸŮ׼ô죿ûشĻһ⡣
С𣿡һ£Ȼ˵ô˵ҲʦãӦò˺ȹɡҪһֱӵĻǾ˵ˡ
°ͷת˹ȥȴҲûжôȵĸоڴɶ߻ħһ㶼Ǿ͵شģȻԼ裬Ǹķ˵ˣԲֱӿ
ǹظСʲôĿ϶ˡ
й߻ħ˾ôʵĺã߻ħȷʵܿ£Ҫһ㶼ƫִᱻǡˡһ˲ִŵ棬Ǽ»ĥһӡ
˵ʱܺһ˵Ҫӵ͸ɽϪˮ
ӵƺͷһô˵߻ħˣ˵ŸСĲ̫һһ¡
ȴֵ˵Ժܶ߻ħ˶ʹ࣬еһЩ֪·ȴҲֻӲͷƤȥһֱ·ߡ󲿷ֵǸʱҲ͵ڡ
ⲻǻϹģľóһۡΪΨһһˣ¾ԼзȨġ
ӵŻµĻܾеֵĸоָо̫ԣԺܿͱˡ
ҲûɽҪǸŮͽܹûʲôʵбҪù侲һ¡ȴ͵İѰӵĸˡ
ոո¸˵Щʲôǽŵʡ
ûʲôģǶʲôӵģǰ˵һһ·ߵףȻ·ˡӵĻش
Ǳҭһ£һϵеĴڲڱһ仰㡭Ҫ˼Ϲ˵Ȼ¸翴ͦľģʵûǰҲλǰ
ʵû취ʾĸˣֻˡ֣ܸԷһѣȴû뵽ȫûᵽ˼һȵתͷ˻£һ顣
ԭǰǰǺȫû
Ǹոճǰͣˣֿʼ˴ɡе㼱Դҿʼɡʱһġ
ͷĽëһԾϸӣǰܿһЩԭݵӰӣµķ·һ޵ľ֡
Ҫһѣһ̤뽭ġӵﲻ֪ΪξȻðͷ
㱼䣬£ˮ䵽˻µĶͷϣ˳ųĽë䵽ߣ
þһ
ӿⱲӶûƯˣһ˲һ¡
룬һˡôܺͽϵĴɱɱйϵأ
죬Ǹó鱨СϺס׼ȥûһŮӹʵӦúܺңһԸŷܳĴŮϵӦԵǵһ
һ취
ʵڲУһתͷȥĳλաҡλ**ossԤУߵϷӣʮͤĿˡ
½ʮͤ󣬾ͲϤϢ밹࣬аǸҪӵҪһӵˡ
ʱ¾Ͳһ˿ĿͶעǵϣһ˲Ͳˣûţֻǰĳǰš
ļ˻ҲѾˣҲûгҶڵǸ˳֣뿴Ŀ˭
ڣ˳ˡ
Ŀ꣬ǻ¡


61 ʦ3

ѡлΪĿԭǿȽϺ, һ۸Ǹ, ܿóµƭԡ
ҲǸӿ
е˼Ҫˡǲô±ЩϳʹǷΪ֪Щ˾պĳɾҲֻһȺոɽġСƨ
ЩĻ˿ûľ͹˼ҽСƨˡ
ϳһǸ̬Ǹı̬ڽȻҲû˵Ȼôһʵ޻״ȷʵǺûɫһѵ, ò
һ˲䣬¿ԱߵǸСӺҪ־һ, Ķȫϻô, Ҳֻ㡣
һ˲ֻǺһ, ǲûܲ, ѱĵɤۡ
ոʶ˲õһǰ, Ƣر, òҲر, ڶ̶̵ʱھȻҪ⵽֣Ϊǡ
һ, ӾԼ챻θлˡǱĿǼˡ
תͷȥ, ۳Ǽ, ÿ˶һ׶֮ͽģ
Щ˱, ¼ֱǸС׻, תͷǼʱҲƺǼ͵ģûκһ˿ƽµĹž
ڻµЩ˵ľԽԽڼӽһɲǣ²Ŷˡ
ֻӳ˽һ

ۿ˻³ֺĿһ£ĵȴһʮֲͬ
仪µĳַʽʮֵС͸С
ڵʱĽʿǾһȫȫӱʣǻȴһӾget˼
Ի¾ýȻǸ˼άʽкܴͬġӡҲǸͦȤķӣϾ׻˵ĺã񾭲˼·
˵µĵйŷ硱»һ£ŴĹŷ硭Ǹʲôӣŷ˵ǻµĵ˵Ĳͬǰ˵ķ
µõʽȻҲɱֳõʽһ˲ͬǣɱֵĵҪһЩҲǡذס
ΪɱǸûʲôҪְҵɱǵĳַʽԽۣɱɱԽԽã֮ܶʵǸְֵܿҵ
ͳǰǻҪԡ𣬴̿ȫðһطèҹϴҲûϵͱǰûԷ״̬ѿܻûӣǴ̿ͺ޲նϸ첲նȸ꺢ӵЩʱ
еĴ̿ͶԼذùҩеĴ̿ͶϲԼذ濪ۣѪһž
ɱְִ̿ҵķٷչҵ綼һЩ仯ںܾúܾǰɱлǲһˣǴʱķ緶˿һЩ͵ġ
ʱţҵԽԽȫڡħһܾǰҵﻹǻسһЩɱڵ赸һһǣߵɱ֣ϧȫ
Խ仪µĶСԡҲΪԭ˵༸Ưˣѧ˲ԶԶѧѹһͷˡ
˵³ʱĶһݣһ»ӵʱذ׵ĵĸоһ
رţ޼ɵģɱϳֵĸо
ڡ
һ˲䱬Χ˶һº͵ȻģʵϼʹİӶ
ΪʱµѾҪˣҪϵƣһ˲ڳ˶
µͷǸԼĵһˣڵûʲôӦΪܻûʶʲô
ǻܿʲôġ
µĵдһֺΪĶѾңһҪ˺顣ԸʵǻµԸ񣬶Ը񣬻һ˲ϵ·𶼱øˡ
̵ĵд־˵
ں濴ĿתΪ֪µһɱֻӳĵ
ҲǵһΣڳļճɽɵʶʲôʮɱһˣǧﲻС
ʫж̶̵չֵʵУܰ˵Ļ۾һߡ
µŵĻҲɿƶһߣڵµһɲǣѾվ˵󣬶ǼոҪɱȫɴ˫ۣ﷢˿˿ɳƵ
һĵѾǵĲϡ
ڳûһ˸ҷ죬Ǽ˻Ƶʧ
εȾ޵ĵ
ּ˺һеĸо˶·ͬڵ֮¡
ɽڳļ˿ܶûпĵΪķ
˭û뵽ղŻߣµĿһŮӵĻ¾Ȼһſĵ
İѵתͷˣûлع
赭дİѵ˵УȻ˵˾䣬߰ɡ
Щ˴ĿĶǸոյǸ
ٲˣܴĵиֲ̺ܵ˿־Ķ

ȵȣǺȻ׳ŵӺһϸղһͷƤڷ顣
С˵Ǽˡô죿Ļᱻ˷ְɡ
ָǼ˵ʬӦô
ԷϾµɱ֣ҲֻСϺסЩ˱ɱˣ»ǵģʱܻһЩҪ¶ˡ
⼸ˣתͷ΢΢Щɻ󣬡Լ߾ˣҲûǵȡ
ǵ΢΢һ
ʱǼµĻƺǸողԼûԼĲӣȷʵѪȷʵҲź
һֻŸѴ巽λд棬ȻŸŷɣƹ˶ŵͻ˹ˣٰ⼸˴ߡ
ķŷ˸ӣȻǰ濴˶ǾҪˣһʣǲеĻȥһˡ
ں濴ɻôһĲ˼顣
Ϊʲôûɱ˸ոǼˣ
߻ħķ˵Ѫǿô˴ӷӵĵ»
˻£µĲɺ͸ղһģһ˿Ů˶Ȳϵľ£Ǹոտʱ˵ĸоͬ
ոǿʱĶǾ£ʱ˿¾Ȼ֪ʱѾʧˣǻ˳ͷβɻ
°ǰ棬ոδչ¶ֵʱǼڶġ
ڱ¶ֺ֪ʱȻվǰڱˡ
ǾԼĴԻˡýһжЩãõĲǻ³һЩ顣
ǰոӻͻȻָ˻µ
תͷȻһЦ·Ц
һ˲ǼΪǰ˲һӡ
Ǿ˹ˣã뵽
ʲôԭ򡭡ǰˣҲ̤µԨأ


62 ˣ

ڽ֮ǰһֱΪ¡, ᡱһαװǸԼһƤѡǽŻ, ȴԼѾԽĿ͸ˡ
˵ԸҲװģΪװȫװôȻȫ벻ͨΪʲôԸ
µǴûװ, ֪Ѿ³ݣҲûҪǰװһرݵ, ΪʵҲôװ
װ̫ŻᱻЦ, Ի˳Ȼɡ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ҲǸ, ϡԸǺģȻһʼӦԷʦֻȫΪŽ񣬵ڼȻӦ˾һҪҵ׵ˡ
¶ԼԸҲ, ȴܳʵҵĺ档
ҲΪԸ, Ա˿ҲĸоԸõ, ʹǸոǼֵˡ
ոǼɽɵҲֻаӻûûεĺͻһֱ, ˶һӸ𺳵ˣȫǰȥ
书Ǻͻİ˵¸ոյһ𺳸лࡪǵľúܺÿ, ˧Ҹǰõ˸˵ĸоһ
ɽȻýģҲԵôȤ, ǸղŻһȴʲôͷ, ֻһͷ
̲ŨŨɱ, һ˵򶷲һÿĶ, ܿüһȺƱȥϷ, ٣Ҳûп˭ڽͷܵʱȥһ͵۹ȥģʹҲһ￴ֵˡ
ǻ²ͬĶҲһЩĽˣдһָУټ˵ĳʣȻ軹Ҫÿ
˵ɱǸ̵ͦĻǻȴӲİһ룬żˡ
ݣྻ߹ִһ˿˲еĿ飬ϴǼʱܴĻ£ֻȫɾ࣬ɾļֱǼ׸ˡ
ȻǣߡȻɱˣһ˿ôĴȴЭǼҪ볾ȥʱͻȻתͷЦһ£˲ʹ˷䣬һĪİġڰӵ£Ǹǳ׵ˡ
ҪҵǸ鱨С첢һ׵£Һû´ļ֪йáһסΧߣΪ
Ի²ߵĵط󣬾ͳһɴԼϣҲᣬҲóĳֶڵסԼȻ¾ʹһƣӲƳһ·
ҵһְСӣûţڴȻŶ
һᴰ죬иɻ˴Ӵ̽ͷţȵʱɻˡ
طѣһ㲻ǲģô֮İţʶ£Ҳǵ˭
ȴǺܵ˵£
Էֶ˳̬ȱֵʵ̫ˣҲЩͿһ£˽
ʵǽ²⣬Ϊ书ãϱϳҲֻ־ˡϤкҲֻǺһ֮¶ʲôܾ˵Ķѡ
˽ݣСƵӣʮϤЩãȻĴŻ£ºܵĴͳһ˦˹ȥʣпһɽܳŮ𣿡
ԼϱȻ˺ܶ࣬ðѽպãȻգС۾룬ɽɵŮааǰ컹ˣңȰ㻹Ϩͷɡ
ĻںһӾͱµҲĻļɽɵҲ
Ϊʲôʡ
Ҳ˵Ҳܲ³İɡҧŽӣһ۾˳ǱסšǰҾûٿˣ˳ɱǸ۾СӸɱ˰ɡ
˵ɽɵļ˳ס
Ǻǣ˵ҲԸתͷŻºǼˣһ֪ɽɵģ²ǸСʦʦܡǾȻȥôأҲǸҿ֣ȥҲǸĨڣˣȥǾ͵ǸˣҲʡٷġ
˵ݺݵЦɽɵȴȻһȫǱס˲һ
ܶ˶Ŀ˷۲ϵ顣
ҲȴΪʲôҶ
ͻȻ۾ʣŵĿж󣿡
ǲ֪ж󣬵֮ǰҲиܹɵŮˣôţȫûʮ졣ǿ¹ײٹȥ
µһ鱨Ӷô˵ǹǸˡ
Ȼڻ¿ΪԼĳ嶯˲صĴۣδ̫ˣ̬ǺִˣΪٴҲ󲻹˵һ
ɽɵȻԷΪ׵ģ˭֪۾ƺǳ˼˼룬Ȼ۾߰ɡ
ɽɵ΢΢һվ鶼΢ЩãȻ
Ȼᡣ½סǣҪȥģ
Щ£ʾλûʲôոʬҲá
ӵĻعͷȥ۾ʾȥ˵ʮֲõĸоǰⲻԼĵطֻܰҲž˳ȥ
һ߳˵ķΧڣתͷԻµ鷳ˣذɡ
ʦأҲãȻ
˵͸оקһ£ͷԭǣǼǰקİѻקˣɽɵ˴˸к뿪
ȵȡʣҪȥĶ
ӦҪȥɡǶԼոק˻µľٶеãﶼе㶶ȻովôקˣΪðѻһﲻקá
ŻµڶûпɽɻѾӪǸʦˣ𣬻˵Ż˼񲢲֣˵Ǹɵһ֡Ǳ򡱡
ɽ⼸ĴҲǺܺãǸһһΪɵˣγҲǽ˸ƵָʦûţоһȵıҪѾˣǾûҪˡ
½͵㣬Ǵ֪Ǳʱ˿̾ȻЩ˵ڡŻԼҲĥƽʱҲûЩô˵ڰôͿأ
¿ı飬ҲԽԽʵղžѾԼĲµˣֻһֱȷѡ
ȷʵͬһת뿪ΪҪ飬ҲȲˡ
鱾͸ûʲôϵֻǱŵ˰һ¶ѣҲתߡ
ǻȴµûš
תߣһæȥģ˵ȥ֡
֣Ǹղ˵Ǹط
Ҫȥ֣ǺȥҶ֪飬㲻ҪҲˡ
ȥ²Ƿ𣡡

˵ͻȻһ㶣µĽŲҲһ٣ͷһۡ
˸ն˼룬ͻȻʶԼ˵ˡ
ǻҲû˵ʲôֻת뿪ˡ
վԭء
ǰߣֱָȥ
һһܵĻǸ˵ܱȳ


63 ܵĻ

³˹ȥ, ָʮ֣ܹͤȥ֮žȵķǵط⻭ʦסĵطԶ
ҲҪȵʱҰȥźҲʵ, ֱȥʶһƬϤˡ˸ֱ֮ӳ⻭ʦС˹ȥ
͵Žȥ⻭ʦһ
㰡⻭ʦһʡ
ʣ֪⸽°һһŮס𣿡´Ŵʡ
ǰ, Ӧߡ⻭ʦָ·
Ҳû⻭ʦˣõ˾λúͣĸ˹ȥֻʣ⻭ʦһĵ, Żʹ
˰ΣȻһЦ
񡭡ϴοЩ̫һ
¾ԼڵľٶȷʵеɵȻĹ۵Ӧʮľٶ, ȷʵЩĿǰʱ
ǴҶѭǱ㲻ѭĻ»ᱻɵӷӣʵҲǴ󵨵ܹսǱˣֻһﻹҪġ
һ֮ǰҲǸеķӦáǴ򲻹
, Ͼµһ裬ôҲʦ, Էô, Ҳɣ
̬, һֱǰǸ, ǽ, 濴һӣӺܰСſźҵǽ
ŷûӦ󣬹ϵһ߿Ȼ˽ȥȥʱһɴ̱ǵζ
ǳŷ˹ȥȥӳĵһĻһ߱ʬ塣
µüͷһ¡
һȦ䣬ƾСΨһʣµһЩҵߵһСС¹ԣź溰һ

Ǹղ˵ľһֱܲȻҲģվǶһ̡
˼Ҷ˵ܵͺӵ˵ǵ߻ħ˵˵ˡȻߵ˼Щͬǻ֮ǰ߿һۣЩµûš
˵ʵ飬ɽɵԼǸˣҪȥⲻǷʲô
ǰһֱ˵ϸһ׽棬֮ǰһֱû̫ĸˡԿóλĽˣǾͷţ֡
ϡѽǾԼͷ
ȻڲɽɵûʲôȤڻԼܹȥ黹еĸģܾԼʱҪǲ˵Ǿ仰ԷһԲֱܵ
뿪֮ǰԷͣһۣеԵĶǴ㵡
Ҳ˵Ǿ仰ԼͻȻʶ԰ǰˣȷʵһӰ¿ˣҲһӰ
߾˰죬ȻҲֵķ˹ȥһ߾ԼڸŹȥûʲôãһߺܳʵľ͸߹ȥˣԼԼľٶЩĪ
ȥɣϾԷǸ߻ħˣһ;ʲôء
ôԼοԼ
¿ŶڹӺǸŮϵǾţٿ·ҲڲͣĶţֿ˿ڵϵǾʬ塣
Ǹ˵ģ۽һʺ롣
Ӱ˸ɱ
￼ǹһͷǽſ˿Ӿʹͷ
ȥŻ˵Ĺק￴۽ǵ룬ѾŵЩ־ˣһļУ㡣
ֻ˫ץһ߰һСĵ˵ûµģҪ£ϵ벻ǺɫģҪ¡
ƽʱԼϡǵɾȻڴʱ˿ó¾Ԥϡ
ǻ˿ûйԵĳæ˵˵¹Ǹ˳°˵ʬһȻǰЩ㲻̫ǻǲҪùٿΪãҪˣٿ˵Ըʮͤԭסమ
ڰʬʱ򣬻¿˾˺ۣȻ󿴼˵ϵѪ΢һ£۾ڹ˼Ȧڻǰʬϵһߡ
ԵȵʱŴŵЩãȻŮ˵ĿæҴҵĸ˽ȴҲֻһڿŵĹԱߡ
һ㶣˵ǸŮ˾Ȼţ
ֿ˿£Ů˵Աߣͷ۾ֱֱĿǰ棬΢΢ЩҲ֪Щʲô
ǹȻЩǱӻǺƯģҲҲһ㱡Ϊı룬ӦþǸɽɵĹ
ǲΪʲôţΪʲô޳ʻ£ʵԻ»һЩΣҲֻܸŹҺôӸոտʼ¾һֱһҲʹǶĵҲûʲôӦ
ַӦʵеˣǵʱȴûж
ıҲ׽˷ֵζǸζ˸ڵһһòŵ͹߹ȥƿ͵һ
ְѲ˻ȥ˵ǡµոչʱ˳
ȵȣԣǸոĻոտӲ
ֵͷȥ˻ᣬҲ͸ոյĻһ˲ϵǵ˰̣ͬʱǰѾ߬ĵ
һʱˣϵĵѾòˣŸɺԵѪѪǱ˵ģԼġ
Ӧԡɱġ
´ӸղſʼһƬƺиੲݵ˵Ҳûоһ˵ǰ޾ĻþֻܲͣȰǸˣһ㡣
ȻȷǲǸոտǸ̼ԴǻҲһֱͷڿԼԼͻȻʧء
ЩȻЩãȻĴǸ˳ǱߵĻ£ͻȻʶ״Щ̫ԣΪֺǳ鴤һ£һ¼ֱǸһһԺˡ
˲øղŻúͶԷ˵Σֱ߹ȥʣôˣ
һǰֿȭһôǿ϶Ƿˡ
Ȼʶľȥʻôˣܰȥź֪ĸе¡
±һº·һһ͵Ķһ£Ȼ͵̧ͷǣһ˲䣬ǼԼӶԷ￴һĺɫ
ͻȻ»µļ򣬰ۣһӴӸָҵĻþ˳һ˲䣬·𶼳һ
ҺáҲٺ˿
һߵǽϣ˶еĸоҲֻԱ˵̸
ƺǺСĵ˾ǸݵǸˡǸһܳǸԡɱ
ĬһɳƵǡ
ŶߵƺҪǿа˻ȥȻվ˳ȥں溰ιȥģ
ǻµٶ̫ˡ
ƿŵʱѾһˡ


64 С

ܵЩͻȻҲͷԡǼǵøո̧ͷһ˲俴Ĩ졣
ûǷӦµʱ, ¾ȻѾתͷ, Щֲֻܶһ˴һ̯, ȰʬãȻٴŹȥ
¾˵ģʼܿƵԴϹ˵, һһ, , ͣһ£Ҫˣ
˵Ҳ֣ﶼҪըˣôһ󷴵Ǻһ, ķһǽȻԼ˻Լɫһɷ, ״ԭ޷Ǿǽ쿴Ǹɱˡ
˿ΪǸŮԡɱġ
ҵ龰һӸĻһλ񲻸ˡ
ܹоλֱŤ, ֱŤķʽҲͦഺŮʵģҲùҲù
ЪЪ˵ʲôºвУͻȻ뿪Ҳ̫, ǿ϶ỳɵġ
˵ʶʲôæȣȻ֪Ǵ񣬿϶СϺ׵, ûôԲ, һҪġ
Ȼ˵, ¾;Լ̹˵㡣
ţͻȻԼλеƢ, װõô£

ŶλĪĲ, תͷԱߣȴͻȻиվһԿͦʱˡһ鿴˹ȥŷֿǸǸȳӡ

ȳӱȲȳĺҪѸһ㡣
µĺ󱳺ëѾˣǸվ˱ż簲վſڣж೤ʱˣ
ʲô೤ʱ䣿װɵ
ͲĿʲô⣬ΪԼûʲô⡣
磬ǻ£¾Լʲô¶ˣһλȥȫʲôⶼûУҲκʲô
Ի̹̹
ȴĵһֱǻµģСЩΪá
ŻµѾȥǸŮĵطˣǸŮ𣿡
šµ
áȻҲɽɵ˺ʲôϵȥҲȫûа취ȥȰ㡣
ǷǻǲҪ̫Ϊáͷ
̫߽߽ͬͬͳˡ
ллѡ¿ͻȻܳĪȰ棬ܾԼǱһòĵ˵ͷȻתˡ
ֵҲû䵭ķӦʲôԼҲ֪ͻȻܳеֵֹģתͽݡ
ôģôͻȻܳȰҪôˣ˵ʵôһ»ûһ㲻ġ
Ϊ治Ը񣬶ǻԼԸ
䲻֪ǲʦ˵ĻûЩŤ˵һֱŤСΪһֱԼϲʶֵĺᡰ桱ȴû˵ԼĴ
Ҳʱ򣬻²ŷԼԭڻܵʦſڡ
طǱΪʲôһʧؾطܣ
¡

°Ļͦصģɽȫ¼Źȥһۣɹľȳһܴˢ˰ѴڸС
˵һabcǻξsˡ
ȥʢһѣֱ仪ϸ棬仪µͬʱ˸ʣǸ˻ȥȻûļ뿪ķһ˻ɽ
Ҳص˰ٲãûü뿪ɽһ˴˸кǸɽɵİӿ»һľȣǻȴ˵һμʱ˸к
ӿܶԼ뿪ҲЩܣῴ»Ҳ˵˼仰Ǿ̫Σ˸ɶ㿪ˡǷʮȻǰ´˸к˻졣
¾˵ǿ϶ġ
ɽɵ˹ﰡ͵͵ڻ¶ʣҲСĵһٸ˵
ɽɵ˾ô뿪ˣǵûвҲֻſڸţ򾡹ģȴҲû취ߡ
֪Է϶ΪԼַӦģ˵
⸽ŵ˵ģƽʱǸ鱨ˣЩǵĻʲôԾĵطȺתͷͻץ
ȻǡĿŵģҪ֯ûʱҲҪװ裬ŵҲˡ¾Ҫˡ
¾Ÿɴװʲô֪ˡͷһɻȴѾ͵͵Ĵ˹ŻµɫѾָԭӣҲһӲˡ
еһжĻþһʲôûз
ǾԼԶҲ컪ɫ԰׵ӣؽҧֶ΢΢ķ˵ȷʵǸӣôôʱһϿôһ衱йصļ
ΪĳЩűġ
ǿƽʱƵҽѧͽƽֵľǸͨͨѧͽһܳӳһ㣬Ŵ΢һҲûκһ˲ͬĵطȻԼԷжôˡ
ΪʲôôСطҲʮֺһ£ܾⲢԵ޹ʵģȻ˲֪Եɡ
Ȼûʵʵĸ͵ĻʵĶ˵ǱһλӰˣȫԼ顣û취ԷĻ
֮ûٲ˰ɣڻµƨɺʣбһͿһ˸պôӰٲõſ·۾߿һۣʶľ;ãˣ϶취뿪ҪȻ취ҲС
¿ʼҪҪٸʵ׵ͬ־ЩʲôΣյʱѾ˹ﲻͣŸŵע⵽֮ǰһ۵ĺӸŪȥ
˵Ը棬ڿ˱Ͳľﰡ
ʵȷʵʱţǼ⣬ڵǡ
һţǼ⣬ͻȻǰԼʮͤ˵Ǽ仰
̫߽߽ͬͬͳˡ
ף
ͻȻ˿ģĶһǣλ֪һʲôòҪ̫ٸʵף׻ģȻҲ˵ģͬ־Ľۡ
Ǻʱ䳤˵㣬ԻҲáá˵㣬࣬Ǹ㻵£˼Ҳֻᷴ˼ԼǲԼˡ
ǸʲôܵĻҲԸ˵˵ǻŻ
ʱתͷȥͻȻƽʱЩ̫һ۾ҲͻȻһֺŨص˿ʹִ࣬Źɷ·۵Ļ䡣
ǰ˵ĺܶ໰ҶǵãϲĶҲǵá
˵⻰ʱ򣬻µҲԽԽᡣ
βų֢ġ뵽
СƨҲ֪Щ²ٸʵס


65 

ͻȻͷƤһ顣
Żµ, ĲԼļ仰ְѶԷֲõ״̬ˡ
һֱһֺǵĸо, Ǽûô衱, ԶҲĪķĸСȻʵ֤վǻģֻǷĵ㲻ͬѡ
ﻰָо, ڵĻӦþǱ衱˵Ǹ, ǸɱˣŻһٶġ衱
¾ΪʲôᷢĿǰ޴ӿ֤, ǻǼǵԼʵ, ճһرºˣʲô²Żӣ
һĲ², Ÿոջ˵Ǿ仰ǰǸͷ, ֻ²ףֻ²ȴҲδŹãŻ𾪡
ᡭΪ顱ֶ˷ħɣ

⽭Ϊ˷ħģ˵㲻϶࣬˵١ʵľֻôһ
йڡΪħĴ˵ȴк֪ܶ࣬Ϊʲôÿ˶һܴҿĶûô
ǵҲܶΪ߻ħģֻǰĻ½Ȼͬ
Ϊʵд󲿷˵ķħҪĸһЩ, Իµ״Щò׼ɡ
󲿷߻ħ˶ʱʲô, һʱķ, ͻƵĹʲô·߻ħȷʵ书й, ֻͨ裬ǲ߻ħģȴҲòϣ߻ħͬйء
ͬԸˡħıҲͬͬ߻ħ֮ǰƫִŭվԭԸϸıġ
µԸʹ֮Ҳܲµһ㣬ӦǸʮºͣҲӡ
˵ǼºͣӵķˣһֱҲԻΪλӸе棬ǽȴͻȻ˸ȫµ˼·
ĸӣû¼˵ȥ״̬ѳ
һֱԼøϲǸӡµٿҵʱ򣬾һϳˡ
ɡϲӣǾ⻰ЩëҲΪڵ״̬ͱȽë
治ĿǰΪֹԸº͵ˡ
ʹ£Ҳûʲôµˣ˵״Ҳֻǵͷ
˵ĻԼˡ
ŻµĻѸٻһ½綼ʲôţĿǰϹĻ޷ҲŮ˵ױŮ˻ҪѣҲûбʲôˡ
ˣ׾˫ĵϴλɽǰ©һֺ󣬽йĵҲ˺ܶۡ
ڶиӡۻµĵ·һּŨҵУÿһ·þеһ仨þȫʢš
ʢţ·ȼԼһɲǵ
ǵһ˶ԻµۺĪ˸Ի¡桱ۣ֡
Ȼͬһˣȴȫܱһۣһҽ򹤵Сѧͽһµɱ֣ǡ桱ȴʼնһģһֱϸ̬ȥһζҩɱһˡ
Ȼ䣬ͻȻʲôʶΪʲôԼΪ߻ħôˣΪܶ˲ΪһԼƵħĵز
԰ͫ͵󡪡¡̫ˡ
顱һǸĥ˵ĶǺܶ˶ܴ߳
߲ģ¶̫Ը̫ġ
ǰ
߻ħΪһ¶סģʱɻڲͣǰתţǻ¡˵磬ڻǱڵǶμ
ֻǼһɽİ˾ȳοǶԴ顱һ֡
ǾԼǲΪ顱߻ħģǰˣžԿܻᡣ
Ϊǰ˵ı֣һΪһԸһһģӿҲһ͸ˣܿ͸һ¡
ʵ硱ǳҺ׾ͻһˡ
ڽǰҲû뵽µһ羹ȻΪԭġ
ǵһӲıƵ˷ħȻ񻨿ݱ£ųĶǵȻҽ
ǰĻһµһŮӡòҲϡ硱֣͸ϵ¶͸һָɾҲһʣ·ֻһյ͸ƣֵǣϡٺֻһۣܿ͸
ͻȻЩֵӡȻ书ǳߣǲ˻ϲ裬ʵϽ˶뷽跨ı¡ΪֻҪһ裬൱ӡ
ǱɱԡɱӡûһܻȻģ󲿷ֶڷ˵һͽ˵ʱǲɱ˵뷨ͬʱԡٵ뷨ҪԼͱһɱ
ǴʱԼͷҡ
ŵͷĻ£˿סʱǳ׳˹ȥĻǶΰ˺ܾõĻ䣬һ仰˵

µͷı£Ȼ󡭡Ͳˡ
ûڱʱ򣬻¡Ϳ
ʵͦεģˣոҲֻǿļ˼䣬վ˵ϹĽ˵˼ʶԼˡ
ĿǰеװһӵģǸܵģûܣԼˣȫûˡ
˵ǵʵ˱ȽϺá
ˣҪȻֱӸ˵ŻģȻİ뿪ˡµͷôʱȴͻȻͷһġ¡͵һ̧ͷʶĿķ򣬾Ͳﺰˣǡ
˲ٻˣ࣬ѣ
µһʱ仹ûӦ˵ʲôͻ΢΢ſģЩ㵡
֮ʶָʲô
²ո˵Ǿ䡰ٿҵʱ򣬾һϳˡ
ûΪʲô˵仰أϽžͷֲı仯п
вд붺ǣǵûɣԷһ仰ʧˡ
Сƨĺܶμŭһλѡ

ǵģ仰׵׵İѡ硱ŭˡ
´ûиоĴôǿҹҪƻµѳʮҹĸоʹûµı鶼Ʋסһ롣
ոһӡ϶ÿ
һʹࡣһͼͨȻԷ˵ʲô
ֻ˵ǹģӦģԣŭеġʲô
Իµ۾˲ͺˡ
ǿźۻ£һĿԷ۾ʱӣȫ¶ƲסɱĶǸϡ
ôһ˲䣬ΪԼѾˡ
ƺǹ˺ܾúܾãоʹǰС˵˾仰
ڲƺž޴ʹࡣ
ŴＷ֣ߡ


66 ġס

ײ, ĻҲǸţƢ
ǰûʱʶ, һһ뵽ҪӲѵĻ˵
ȻӲĿסˡ
ỹȥĻ, һúõĿһԼ, Ѿ˲ˡ
ֻܵͷ뿪Ȼһ, Ҳʶ˻ƴĸ˵仰, Ծһᣬתˡ
۾ɺĻµͷ, һŸ˵һ߸·ȫеطʹֻܵعȥ
ǺȻ, βߣ˵Ҳεô졣
µͷ, ˿۾, ʵǵĻ˵ʲôֵ, κ粻ô롣Ҫ˵ȡǸûٻ, ʲô˵ģ
ˣ˵ͨ
¾ԼıƽĻصȥȻ󰲰˯һ, ˵ҲͣˡԸ, ͷĻ¶ﲶ׽һϤĽŲܳ, һһ, Ȼ״̬ԣνǸֱ
ʢ
е˿¶ֲһ˵챻ʢԾ˵ˣǳˡ
˲䱬ѾҪƲסԼĲˡܸо硱˷ܣźȥ۾
ܲλ뷨һʢ۾ڶ²ǾҪѰٲָ췭ظȻŻصѪȷ¥¥ɡ
ǻ¸ͬĵطԲǸܰĴһСطˣϲңԽԽãҵ췭ظֻийص΢ƽԴһСطһӣñꡣ
ֻʢһǻֱӾˡ
ǽ죬ˣĲֹʢһ
ʢٲʵҲƽģԭһˡ
һ̫ǵ
ŶһĽ˶ǲôµģϾЩٴҲ󲻹͢ƫƫô⡪
ˡ
Ⱳʢ벻λͻȻֻΪͻȻ˵ŵš
˵Ϣʱʢһ£ʶԷҲŹϵôϢҲпܵġ
ǡĿĴھ̫ˣĿǰΪֹҲֻٲ֪Ŀ֯˶á˾֪ˡ硱ܵϢҲ벻硱Ǹٵġ
ʢܰʵ˵Ϊ˵Ƣֱ̫Ҫǰʵ˵Ļǻᵱȥ˵׼ʲôʱͻ¸ͱ
ȵȣӦáͱİɣʢԼȷΪ͸пֱܻͱҲпܾͲмһˡ
öԷ֪ĿĴڡΪ硱ǵϡ
˵ƢͿ϶ˣǡ»᲻ᱻ𴩰
ʢĽŲߵķɿ죬ƿŵһ˲ͳﺰ𣿸ʰʰи
ŵʱܴ󣬺Ҳܴ±Ƶġʵʢƽʱ˵Բôģڻ½źΪ˱ӣٲãԸǰͬ
ֻΪʢҪѣˡ
ʢ⣬컹һйһ֮ԵˣšǸ˳ŵĽǰɱ֣ȫǵһĵģͬʱҲʢҪ뿪ǰϵģΪ鲻һ¡
ʱҲЩִ٣ŰٲõĴûлµӰҲ˿ȴϰ޷ҲܷɸӰɣһỪ³ҪǻĻҲǳ¡
֪Ŀˣⲻڻжô˽⣬ϾҲֻйһ֮Ե֮ǰ͵͵ĸʢаɡ̫
û취ȥ˵Ҳˡʢûļ˵仰͸Ͻ졣书ߵҲʮֵǿҼʹôҲпܻᱻ͵ʢԴݵҲûϴ
ŸսݡҪҰ㺰һ
У鷳ˡʢͷСĶáʵһ㣬Ϊλ͡
ʢĻһãȻΪǸòű桰ʵˣһֱʵĹˣαҪ˵һأ
ʢŵĹ٣Ҳᵱִ󡣶Ǹ˿Ҳ̫ǣû˵ͽ˺Ժһˡ
ڻµתһȦȻûˣڲԱҵ˻£һ¾ͷȻڷʱһʣǲǵ˷纮ˣôֱأҪҪҸո裿
á±˵
˵أⲻҸһȥɡæתҪߣ֮ǰǶԻµǰմ˴һ㣬ҪǲȥͲȥˡմ˽ֵֹģȻҸ㡮ʵ㣬֪ʲô˼ûǵɣ
ʵһ㣿
ֱʶ仰е֣ƽʱǸòŶ˵ôһ仰ǼȻʢ˵仰ǾͿ϶⡭
ʵӶըˣú÷϶
˵һܷʢʲô˼

ʢ˼ʵġ
ʵʶԻ˵ǲҪģǶԡ硱ǱҪġ
仰ʵҲǽǸģţԸҲǲ̵֣ܽڼǰŵ˾һҲǷǳġ
Ϊû취˵̫ϸ£ʢҲֻ˵ôࡪʵûָ˼ֻҪܲһ˿Ծˣʱٴתһ¡
Ի»һڴġ֪ΪʲôΪһֱʵ̫ˣһģҲΪʢһֱԻĪΡ
ŻλʹӴߵԺʱѾȥһʱ䣬Ϊλ͵ȵЩˣǲòһ˹һžͿ˱ǵ磬ʢ￩һ֪¾׼ôˡ
ʱˣԷ⼸˼
˹ȥǵĻƺһ㶯תͷתͷĶ˫Ѫ۾ʢ˵ǰ
ʢͬʱһ㶣ţ
ôһתͷͿһ˾վϵĽ⼴ʹǸ˼ҲܲĵǿҵĽ£۾ʢˣֻüǸֽˡ

Ǹر׵ˡ
ʢˡ
̶̵ʱȻ˼۾˴αɫҩʲôж


67 ڵ

оֻʣǸ, ڵ״̬ͺ֣һ֡ҡ͡硱ཻս״̬, ջ¼û統裬ҲͲʣʲôˡ
ʣµĴ󲿷ֶǱܣȻҲͰӦΣյıܣֱϾʶǸɢŽ˺Σ, ˵ϻɱ, ΢, »ˡ
˺ܸ, Щƽƽ棬˵Ҳֻ˫ֺͿϴһǳͨЩƾɵ·ҲûκεװΣ˿Ա֮Ϊ͡
ҲĶŻ, ڻ³ֵһ˲䣬񼸺ȴһС
ԭעȫϣȴ΢һˡΪϵĽ⼤ˡ硱һ˿ʤģֵ˻µһѹ
Ա߿ĵսľ, ȻľĲǹ͵̬, лڵӡȻǿջ¥ϵӵģʱ̫ԶҶԷߡ
ͷһοԷժߺαװӡ̫, ָоֱǴһģ̳ġ
û˵ڼ֮ǰһ, úԶ, ڴ󲿷ֵɱ˵ʹδǰҲܼģűϾҲǸͨɱ֣
һӡſܶѾЩģˣ˭֪ȻӵĻ¸ӲĹ˻䡪ʱ米ţһͷںڵĳɢڼͷȻûп棬ȴҲıӰп˵һʡ
ǸԸرصˣ֮ҲһĹ㣬һ۾ͿƼַǳʣʱ˵ǽ˻ȴͻȻԼ쿴ʲô
ǡ͹°
˭°Ƕһ޶͹°ˣűΪԼԶӵڶ˵Ͽˣ˭֪ͬʾȻҲ벻ϡ
ڼӵĻʱŴ벻˺ƵĻϾȻһʣȻʳϵʱ򣬾Ȼôȥˡ
¡Ǹˡ
ŵвɵòһ˿塣
ȻѡǾԲ޵ķʸģʹ綼ķзģ˵ʱʲôϵŽţŴʱȴѡ˻ֻΪʺ硣
΢΢ͷۿŶǸˣǸͻȻ˽µͷȥЦһ£ƽʱͬҪҳ
΢΢Ķһ¡
Ȱҳǰ»ĵ
һ˿ƺʲôĸо
ʢ֪Ǹر渺ˣҲͷһôĿαװĻ£˿ŵ˵¼ûһ˿֮ǰȵģǿҹʶĿġ
ƽʱġͻȻӣʢڸоͬʱȻҲӵĻҲһζ
ƽʱĬĬŲżøߵһ£ȻҲô
ܵԱߴԲģܲùΪžͷΡ硱ôϹ֡
磡ʢҲʵһ㡣
תͷȥĿһۣʢһ£˵ǰѽ˶ŵ̬ѧ˸ΩΩФʵڻµĵҲô˽⣬Ȼӱ˵Ŀ˵ɽϵĴţվûۼ
Ȼµĵ֪Ƿ紵λ͵Ľ֪ģԲ򵥡
Ҳˣλ˵ڵϵľ˳ɾͣһ
˵ĵǸͿ˿ڣɤҲ˻ƣһ¡
öδ˵˸оһ˵ѾǺܾǰˡ
վЦˣЦݣͳˡˡ˵öû˸ҡ̡ˡȻˣǾͿʼɡ
ոձǵһ仰̼һ£ȻһֱһӦ״̬֮Уǰλֽ˵вıȡ
״̬µĻºȻͽһֺ״̬Լԭ򣬻ԭ
ûԼ͸һҪϺһʱգϰһ˲飬Щ߼ʵĶЩȴֻҪһ˲
һ̣ͻȻΪηǵʵһһǿҲͻȻΪѧôǿĽ
ΪƫִΪǳտǳħħ飬ħڵ
ǲŸûԶµ˼·ͣ类ŭǸ£ܸܵǳȵУ˿Զӵеġ
ǸƫִˣƫִħҲͳһ¡
ڻûߣܿ´ʱ˿̵ӣһڱһ֧ߣΪ֪һƴȫȥ
Ǹʱܸӵסʲô˼ܴﵽվֻÿ˻ôһħеһЩҲǿ͸ҲǲֻΪִ̫ţһСľ档
ºȻΪʲôÿκ˱ʱɡΪǸɱĹ̡
۶ôΣյɱ˵ֻһʾ׵ıݡ
ǰ̤һһΪأȻûʲôͬȴ̤εһ˱ɡ
˾һȥľ룬ûƶԶȴѾӳֽ˵ǰת
ŵͫһʶĵ
ڻµжǿûʲôͬ¥ʱɳǸʱĵ뷨һ硱ҪҲҪ̫ƲסġһʼҲΪºƵһǸ濴ʵܶġˮ
һ˲ˢԼۡƾһûڽϾͿռһϯ֮ءһ̣û¼Щϧˡ
һˣŴ񣬾ֻһ˵Ӱ֮¹Ҳп쳹Ҳ֪һѧ˸ˣȴĬĬš
뻪µԸ񡭡ȴ־˵Ҫġ
𾪵ĿŴʱ˿̷·̥һĻ£оԼ嶼ս
ĸеĵƺеġˡˣҲûԼȻĸһѵİˡ
ŵĽǶȿµˮ㺡
Բһ˻еӣһ̻¿ôˣ˼ġħ֮С
Щһֱڸױݺ·֮£յĻȻֻѧƤëǽˣȴѾĲɷ
һ̣оȻ뷨
ַħӣʺӡ


68 ݻ

ǸܴͳĽͣȻûŴѩҶ³ǵһ, е, ԸǺŴѩһҵġ
֮»¾ԵЩڲͬ, Ȼͦ, ϵĸоĲǸϰ֮, ڵһ˿ɷûУеˮϡǸòȻáǸΪŮ
ɱ˵һ, ÿγȥᴩΪ·, ΪױݣȻٰڳԼΪơ
ױݺͷ￴ֻܱ, Ǹĳʽֻ˾ر𸡿䡣
ڽ֮ǰһֱôΪġ
֪ˡ
ϲжôĹ, ѧϵ޿ޣ˵ǶԼ˳
ѧϴҪ˲, ҲҪɡ
ͽͬǾ֮, Ҫһһֱǰĳ徢µһİеġ
ʡʺ粻ˡ
龰ʹʢҲǵһοϾƽҼ, ȫɱ޲ðѱһѰ͵ĵ, γ·ġ
ΪרĳԼġݡ, Ȼ˵Խ, ˾ԽѰĿƿ
ġԡһַ, ƺãȴǱĬӰ˵顣
վǸ͵Ķ쵽ʹԹҲ壬Ǹͱһ޲ĹžʹĻҲûκβ
ռ֣һʱҲûֳ̱ʲôֵ̫ӣѾǳ˹Ŀ࿴ˡ
ڻ²ۣһǰʹһ£ϾڵɲһԽ߻£Ҫһͳν硪ֶս硣
һǰýˣ˻ôͿԴʮˡӴӿԼ˵֡
ȫǿ硣
Ừ¿ŶǸĻԺ˵ţ»ĸ
ΪԵĸоԼһֿСƨ
ͷɢ˵ѹĻĬĬظԷ˸ʮ֡
ڻ»ӳһʱǸ۾ﻹһ˿Ʋס¶ģһ˵˵
»ӵĶûжôһĿ赭д
͸оԼĵ˿ȻԼӵʱûйɵĸоɵصһ̱ӵ˼¡
ȻǸ͵ɱˣվǷˮˣΪˮƷַӾͻ
ڸҪѵһ¶Է
ʢһ߿ĶЩˣΪֽ;ȻЩˣһοԷţڴ֮ǰΪӦǲġ
ͬû˻ŴѩẦһʢԽ͵ӡһֱҲӡȻڻûһ˿ɱĻǰˣ֮便ʲô
ʵϽھúܣһѹҷйĸо¿վǰº
ǸûĽһڳһѹƣֻǼ򵥵վһرÿվģôһ񻨼ӵʽȴ޴֡
Լһ޻ΧĴ˵ġĴڱѹޡ
֮ǰָо˲ܸоġ
ҪǱͬһʱ»ʹcallʵΪ¥¥֮ǰҲûеڶͳԵɱ֣֮ǰûϻĳ˲ܶԵֱӵͷһͳ
Ի»ӳһʱת۾ֱ˶Էͫסһ˫Ӣ۾µ۾˫˯ۣ˫۾ڿнᡣ
Ӣ۾һ˿ƽʱټĽţһ˫۾һƬɺ͸һʡ
ͬʱأºˣԷĲϳһǳǳѪۡ
˿Ѫۺǳϸ޷ֻ֣ͷ˿ôϸȴΪλãֻҪ΢һ㣬ѪҺͻͬҽһӿ
Ǹλãͻ֮ǰ˵λһģһֻͬȡ
磬ֻ㻪ԼӦַʽ˵ĵ߸ˡ
Թ۵ڵһʱ䶼ûܿʲôãҲǽϵãȻô£ȿ֮Ŵ󾪣ϵı̫赭дˣǼΪոʲôûз
ûմһѪǽȻֻһС˿ڣȴǱһվﲻҶ
ϵĵھͷ΢һѪΡ
··һ֮ߣյתͷ˫ʺ۾˿󣬡Ҳɱ㣬㽣
׼ǰԺ󱲵
ûԼ˵Ļ˵εĳ
Ϊ˵Ǹͳñԡ
ǸһֱվŲԱһֱҴʢͻȻ˿ڻµһһ£Ϊһʵ̫ˣ֮ǰĻҪ׵Ķࡣ
λͣȻǹͣȻͲ˵˵Ƣ˿ҲưոݣʢΪԼСݲ
ǻµʵȻôǿֻһоͰסˣгֲʲôˡһʼĻ³ֻ̫أѶԷ˵̫ң
һֱõĽˣһ°ݵֱǾޡ
ŵ˵ʢߵǸ֪ûǰ½ıֶһȽĻҪޡ
ʢá硱û¸ݡˡ
Ǹˡ硱ꡣ
ǻԼֳģΪġ
ʢǰ;¼ֱǼıˣǼָоݳϸ
û˵ڵʱ˼ҲôǿǳӦ䣬ܻ±ϿЩ΢΢ˣʵǳȴ󲿷˶
ִ˼ֱ̫ˡ
ӮˡǸڴ˰󣬲˵仰ԼϵǵȰյķǳãɱǸⲻ֪ɱҲǸ˽һɲͷ˿ĵڣҪϸ΢ĲģͬʱҪʮִ󵨣Լʮţһ˶
תͷȥԼȻƽ˵ͷɢѵעƽҲоԼ۾еĺɫƺҲҪȥ鲻
Ͼûͣ¹ƾղǵǸ¾緢졣
Ի¶ǽЦһ¡
˫ɫ۾˿ѵõЦݼֱǴɫһĨת˲ŵķ羰


69 ˰

Ǹ뿪󲻵ʮӣ¸оͣȥˡ
۾Ҳı˺ɫ, ȻԼ۾վһᡣ
ʢ˹, һʮԻµ, , Ȼǽˡ, Ǹˡ
˵˾Ϳ»̧ͷ˫ѾӺɫָ˺ɫ۾ϲϲ
ĬһᣬãȻĵ, 

̸ɡԱߵûܻãȻɫ, ȵƧĵطú̸
ʢڰٲҲͻˣʮֵľʹŽס, ҲһãȻĸ˽ȥȻʢʮȻӻڴ, ԥһᣬĬĬһСҲ
ʵû̫, ȻͷѾˣѾѺᱻ̿׼
ʲô
ŵս
, Ȼ˸ղԼǸ׼˵ӣȻҲ֪ʢԲЩ, ľˡκֵе
С, ַֻϥʵʵĸСѧһ
ӿĶĸоʮ΢
ҪԱ̫ǿ󣬶ʱҲ̫, ϵµĸо, һʱֱļĻ㱸С
ΪղŻ´󱬷ĵصڴ, һƴܿü
ǰʵĸʵһָܿԾԼıӺͷ
㿴
һžͲԾͷӣ֮ǰԵʱ²۶ԷӣԼ֪ԼҲôһϰߡ
ʮǰ˻ӣͬһˣͬһ·ͬһ
ſ£תͷ⣬һתͷ¡
ǽһʷ׳ʡ
ǳʱԴһԼոյľٶȷԼ˵ոҩͿԺŪȥ󣬾͵սľ׼˵ԿûȿڣͿʢ̫ˡ
£
ܾ̫ˡ
£
ʢŻ£Ҿ̬ʮֹ
е㾪ȣе㱻һΪʲôǴʱʢ̬Щţ̬̫ʽ˵⻰ʱҲ̫ʵС
һʱеͿո֮
ȫ֪ʢôˣе˵ǲǷȻԷֵôϣԼҲ˺ƤľͽԼͷԵĸл
˵ûУûУմ⻰˵ˣҲûʲôңҡһãȻȻ˵֪ôҲʢ˸Ҿ
ǰֻΪƢãԸҲ棬û뵽־ȻҲôӦ䣬ûмţڽҲܴһΪġʢҾ
ûûⲻǻԸʺڽϴġæ͵
֮һֱ鷳㣬кܶ¶еͣˣǽ£ʵ̫ƯˣҾôƯ
ûУźҲմչˡ

ûУûС
ĬĬվ󣬿ġǫáʮӣȻԼҫۣɢһĹ⡣
أ
˾ôĪġǫá˰죬ҲΪԱ߿ô죬ԼڣܾԼбһֵֽĴڡ
ȵʢڡŹµʱԼӦʧӰˣֹܲѸܲˡ
ôţûϵ𣿡ʢʣҸո˵ҲǼٻ֣ʹڽϴҲܴԼһͷһţһΪ硯ģôԺҪƾŻ̤뽭ͺˡ
ŪʢղһǸԭΪ¡
ͷû£ģĶôġġ
Ժ󡭡ŵһ䣬ҿ԰ʾһ£һ¶ĵطʢȻ˵
ղžһֱ£ûһӶһ˵Ӱӵ£ȷʵһʮֹƽ顣
ԵĻϣи֪¡ˣ硣ȻǸۣͬҲǸ
Ը񰲾ȣƽʱô˵ڹؼʱرĿסǸȻЩִҲʮ˰ĵĺˡ
ǻһ桪ҪǱȥǰ¥ͬǡǳǺܾʣȻҲڸŴ򹤣ôҲ˲㴰ֽԻµݽ뽭ʲôģҪôǿɾ̫ˡ
ȻôôףǻĻǳ˶ʢĸм֮ġʢȷʵԽ׵ˡ
˼άڳǰЩĽ㵫ЩȻ()򣬶ɾ˵ʢǹŴ˵ĵ
ҲѧϰģˣϾ˸ŮҲȫͬϰߣʢϵŲĿеţеһ֡
ֲϱܹλãɲһܹĵġļһֱһ˵Բǵ˵ʱȻҲůһ档
˵ͻȻһֲ֪ĸпȻ񲢲˵һšˣǻҲǴ˺ܶһûᵽˡ
һԸƫִŹ֣ȻҲԼɫԸҲʧ˺ܶණ
һᵽ顭Ҳڻ䵽Ǹز
ˣ֪Ǹ˭𣿡ʢͻȻʡ
˭µʢ˵ĻԭҲţΪǽ͵ֿҲͦ;ǸſˣļȻûһ˿һйص飬û¿ʼɽϺʱôţ
ġ˵̫ϸֻҪ֪ǻʼҵ˾㹻ˡʢ
ʼҵˣľˣǱģؼǻʼҵ˾Ȼôã
Ȼǻʼҵˣһһֻ׷Ѱ۷塣ʢȻĵһֱûлȥ̫Ҳֻ
ֲáȻ֪ţʢҲôźŵġа˼һû˵ôһλӡ
ôһЩ԰ʶľи׷ѰͯŮװеģ˸һһֻġ
졣ʢЦ˵ҲпܻȤҲ˵
˵׼뿪Ҳվ󿴼ű⣬ȵġסһһֱŴⰡ
ű仰ĬĬתͷҡûʲô£ùңҲڵġ
˵ʲôɵЦŵǺúõվ𣿡
ҲˣˡƿҲʢ˳ȥͷҲûء
֪ΪΣıӰӺ濴ȥɪ


70 

ڰٲѾ˼, ⼸ı仯ܴ, ˻ԭһصȹ, һ򵥵·⣬ЩϸСĸı䡣Ҳʱ򣬻¾ȵķСĹĳЩطͦϡ
˵컪¶С˵ҪÿӽһǧΣԭûָСܹ
һǧǸʲôأ¼еʼѧʱÿӽһǧΣмгԷϢʱ, ֮, ҲҪ糿㡣
Ȼ϶Ҫȵһսʹ, ҲÿһµѾ˵ӣҲΪ¥ĺġ
ȴһֱǸĴС㡣
иڻʮʱÿʮ׾ӣȻʮ, Ҳ˵Ļ¾廪ˡû廪Ļ֪һС˵ܼһжôѡ
Ϊû̫Ի¶СǷ̬, СҲü춼ûŻ£⼸컪µҲȽ϶࣬Ҳû˵
ڻ¹ȥʱͷ, ԴС˵һ仰, һֱţûһ©
ǹη, Ļһǧν, ӵһһֱ, û͵ʱǰѽһ߸ߣһּѵƾŽһֱ磬˾ЪһЪ첲ٲ˾ͣһ࣬Ȼ
˵ʱ򻹲ţ˵һСôһѾòˡ
˺ԺͿһСŽţѾͨ죬첲ЩҲûע⵽µĵӳÿһͦģȻЩԣǾȻҲơ
ԱߵĲ϶Ŵ󻨣һͷԼצӣ̧ͷһᡭԭ°СȻ˼СոһյĻӽˣֻд󻨡
μӹ˶˶֪˶ⲻ̸оܣܵڵڶ졭رᣬʹһ򵥵Ķ¶쳣ѡ
ҲѾ׶Σûκηܡ
ں濴һ˳ӽĶͻȻԱߵսٵһ£ֱ۵󡣡
ԭŽأͻȻĻһֱӰѽԼĽϡ
ĻҲһ飬һṦƹȥѽסˣȻ󽻸˶Է
ǱԼһ¸Ūе㲻ˣǾԼûסЩԱŽҲҹ
С˳ȻԱɹŵĸҩӽ˴˹ˮȻˮϴʱӽˮ档
ͨĸðл¿϶ûΣǶڵʹ˽ˣٲ˵һû˸˵ڶ
ϡǵСʱõľ䷽ϸ㣬Ҳܴһ롣ҩǵҩһʣȻԼȡǮӽǮ
ҩˮˮӹѬĶͷϣһ߾ĵš
ȵ°ˮݸʱȻѾЩˣ¿СԼ۾Цһ¡
⼸ۻ˰ɡ
˼һתʶľ˵ҪȻȱˣȥϴЪһЪɣ˵
У˵仰󣬻˯ȻһӾ۾ȻһѱסԼǰĽƿһ㶼ûн͵˧ֲװĸоһżҪ۾һ߼ż
ǸղŲСŪ˽һֱŽ¿ԭ۵СѾͨһƬһŪ˵ˮݣ¹˶ӣϾͻֵһ㱡롣
㲻˿û츳ģʵڵٶȾѾѻ¸ˡϲ˶磬Ҳ˭һʼʱܴﵽزȻڿЩǱѾʼϰѽ
ô츳Ĺϱôһ㶯ûУƽ׵İԼһĥأ
¿죬ȻһƺԹ϶ȻһһŪһ㶣۾ͻȻô͡
ⷴӦҲеһƴ
Ҳû˵ʲôֻǵЪһɣҩѸ첲һ¡
ȥˮ˸첲ݵʱʲôоֻ첲ˮգգ۾˵е̴̵ģͦ
ݵͷЦһ£һᣬҲЦˡ
ͬǻЦۣЦļ۵ģ˾еɵ
첲ɾǰвˣȥǰ濴
ʵǰߵǣûǰţֱӽ˺ԺһͿڸ첲Ļ£˲ϵıľʡ
һֱһ£ǸЦĽұ󻹱һѽʵͨ˵Ǻġ
ĴҴҵ߽ҪҳƵģ˲ʹܵ˻µı󣬱Żµ̽СԴ͵͵򣬻ҲСԴҪ¡
תͷǣƽʱ¾ڱȽʵˣῴеޡȿȣǱģŻµҾǵԹһû˰ɣ
ûˡЦŵʵͦмǵģûײһ£ҲᵽָоҲȫµ˼·
ֻ»ǲҪڶˡ
ڵĻ¿ӵ޺߶˸СԵʣеǰܵ˺͡ڵԲ²ⲻݣĳЩƢŮ˿ŶҪᡣ
ҲǾøԻһ㡣
֮ǰĵǻΪʲô衱ʱộƽʱҲôġӡžе㲻һ
Ǿ׵ĲǻΪķӺЩ˵ķӾǲһ
µǰȥչ˲ˣΪٲ˼˵ģһ˴ԾںԺ۵СۣȻ˹Ľ۾СǵʣĴ𣿡
ȻŻѧǻ±Ͼýģ⻹һοýĴ
ţǡԥ˻
ۡ۳ݵĿǣҺǵһοĴ
˲Լϵѹɽ󡭡
һĴ
ĬĬسŻµıӰ˹ȥǰµݣԼ϶ô̹ȻĽݣȻᱻġǵҲǴǸͨˣ㻪Ǹ
ǰʱ˵ǡãȻ˵
ֻ֮ԵӣԼһʱ
µһɱֶ㲻ʲô


71 Ӣ

½մΪ, ϵѾ𽥵ıºǵ, ֱ˵ǻĸԡ
ԼǱĸԵ, ǿȫһѪ̹ٵ, ź˻Ҫûûҹġ
Ҫ㲻𣿡ĳ컪³ȥ˻ʱͿһĻ, ͵͵ĸ˵, ´㣬ģ
˵͵͵һ, ۾һ, ֹ̫, ΪСʱôġû뵽ͽȻߵʱ͵͵ĸ, ˵Ƕѻ
ִĸܶļӸô£
ȵ֮, ĬĬ߳˹ȥǳԾİϽ
µ, ͻȻӦþСԸͼҳˡ
ֺʲôŪ˵ĸоô£

ܻ±ĸԣۻ泯ԽԽķȥ, ĳڰٲʱĲ˵ڻ¥
˵ĿУÿҹҪÿĻÿҹҪѴѵ, ҹ޵ʱᴩƯ·, ÿױ
ͻһʱֱ˷ֲ˭˭, żĿ˶еޣΪǻ¥еˡ
⻰ʱĬĬظԵƤȻĴԱߵǮͳǮ㣬˵˾䣬߰
Ľʵڻ˵ǱȽϺõġ
ĵһӦǸӣжôɥĲ񣬶жƯƯͷԽԽ񣬽˿ʼĳ࣬ʼŻҲû뵽ķȥˡ
ʱԼ·Ҳ΢Щ̫аˣڽ˶жôݲжôܴڽ񾿾жôȣߵһںľȻ
Ƕںͻ½Ӵʱ䳤һ𽥵ĺһ㣬Իµһоȡ
±˲һرòˣȴܹġԭһ档
˰յķǳӦ֣ʵѡǰкܶ˶ģģģֻһʵĸǻº񽫡硱˴ɳ˳
ֳ硱ԲǴڹĵһɱ֣˵ǷѵģȴһħһӾܼס
Ҿǵ͹ʢǰ˵ڻĸȡ棬һš
ıҵ𣿡Ӻʡ
ҵˡʢ֮ǰһûκβԾĵط޸ĸһСڽϻһӺ;ˣȻ˰ٲá˵ʲôĵطǾиҲɣֻˣӦþ¥ʮǰ뿪ʮ
ʮӺµĵԭȻ
ǣҾûºпܾʮĵӡʢͷ
¥ĴɱʮͬҲһŴ澭ɱ֣˵Ĵ澭ҪڵҪĶ࣬ȴҲΪ뿪¥ġ
ѰԼݵʱͷʮټŲȥ֪ԭһСɶȹԼӣʱҲ˼ӣһӳȥȥˣЩֽţ滻Լģڶû˷֡
ճ¶Լ¥ķȻ˵Ҹ׵ɣɼֱ͸ɣðײã׵ĵӦ֡
֪֪ʦݣӺʣʢԥһµӦò֪
ȻˣͲҪ˵ˡӺ˵˵żһЩ飬Ҳῼǵġ

Щӣϵķ粨Ѿĳˣ˻Ѿ֣ǴȴҲֻŷ粨ߡǡʱԺܶССֶڰ׼ţǽϻǳ͢У˶Ѿ
Ҳ컪²ͻȻʶԭʱ櫵ʱѾȥˡ
Ҳ˵ԭʱʱġ硱Ѿڻɹ׼¥¥֮λ¥ҲʼԡѪ̡ơ
ʱߣʱѾʼչ¶Լͷǣʼ˴һǱɱ֡ǧһšһת䣬ʱоʽγԼһĵķ񣬱˸ģ¡
ǴʱѾʶһıĿǰֵĻᣬΪ˱ǰҪлͷеһʼڽˢԼ
ǰӻɽɵԶһǰȥ˱ħΧµĴׯǹƥɱ߽߳ɹľȳˣһʱڽ롣
ɽɵķѳݿǰ˵ʦүķ緶ƮƮĽҲΪ˲ŮеǸˡ
Ķţţо֮ҲʵǰЩӴһ˵Ϣݰ˵һʿֿŵһϢ֪٣ҲʵһȺˡ
⻹꿡ڽԼᰣšƵĽУÿ˶뷽跨ΪպԼȡǮ
¡һһڰٲСʵ˵ʶͻȻеھΣͺԼ籾һ
籾ʱӦѾ¥бˣںڵҲѾ˺ܴʱڻµġ£ͬһʱ̵ɹġȫ˶֪ź
һʱУйһ¼ǾһİͻȻҪšӢ񡱣һʱҲҪˡ
Ǹˣ¾Ųһˣĳְҵڡؾʿһ֡˭֪׳ʲôӣȥӦϮģַ֪˼Ļܣ²֪֪֪ͻµ顣
Ӣһ񵥣дŸҽǰʵǰŰ񡣰ͷиİ񵥣ʲô˰񡱣ȺӢ֮ġӢԵòǺرΪֻſģͬʱҲǸעġ
νǿǿȻûǴϻܿδʮɵı仯˵һǺܶҪԡ
統ѹȺ˵һѹһԭΪܵڽϵĵһ֪ȡһġӢҲ棬˺ܶǰûй£εĹעߣҲΪ¥֮λṩ˲
ôģûʲôϵΪǲµġ
ܼ򵥣ȥҪͷ¶棬һٻ˵µľͷ¶档
ԱȥˣרĸɻȽϺá
ôģ˼ͻȻֻ׸ɽ˰ٲá
ţŵţһɻȡֽҿдʲô


72 

ſһʼûͽµ, 绪˵ٻӦ͵͵žͺ, ĴԽ࣬ƵԽࡣ
ָ, Ե¿Ÿʱеµġ׼ƾȥӢλ, һԽԽá
·ʱ, ɫȻ˵Ҫͷ۵ķΧ֮, ͷ۵ⳬѰɧ
ʲôѵʲôŵıôӦƻȵȣĪǡѾ¶ˣ
¿ʼɹѰ˼ǲŲݣǰѿù͵١
ʵĵЩ²ûʲôҪ, ҲͻȻ, ֮ǰʢ˽˫һ, ѡ
ٻܲ¶վǻᱻɵ, һ, ⻪±츳ѾԭԤ, Ҳڿһ», ǰĵһùٵƷ
ľʵǺѵ, Ϊķ, ²Ǹ, ôеķվ͸ûҪˡ
һзʢ
ĵ˵Ǹ֮, һֱ, ҪڽҲԼʹġպһн֮գǡ¡쳹֮ʱ
ʢΪŵ˳Ƥ˺ü죬ڻ±λֲ֧Ű¸
Ȼһл¶֪ʱĵһ¡
籾˵ķӦ
ԴżͰĲ񻰡
ϢһڸжûУǲһ
һΪϾǿϵͶЦһ»±ֱŵˣôܲˢˢڸˣ˵ô֪ǿĻǲĵİ
ʵ˵ڻµĿŵпޣ˾̸Ǿ·ϵˣԽǰѾӦƽȵ
һµĵĵȷȷһǾ̬ȡ
Ϊףڽϵݶǡ硱
λ겻˵ܱʶҲȫޣǻܾӦܡģʱκηӦ
ʱҲ᲻룬ܡôԼĿǰһлʲôĸأ⻹ǲ⣿ǲмһˣ
һΣǻѡظһϱӵḶ́ԼԶһУ¿ʼأ

Ȼ˵ĺ񣬵ǻ²֪˾ʲôز
еһЩʵǲϸģǴͨʵӦҲһ汾İʵǸԺĹ깫ΪԺ·˶У̽ܶϢǻ˵ˣԺ̽ĶжأܲеĴȥԺ˰ɣ
˵ȡ鱨ķʽΣĪҲڼԺﵱ깫ʱӢϵֻǡ¡ǡ硱ǡαװĻ¡أ
λô˵֪Ŷ֪һЩȽϷϿѧӦ̽ŵġĿ
µͷ˱ǰͻȻ߹һӣһССı¨¨żץһҩ
ˡ½ӹҩù˼ֽϣȡСӿʼҩץζüͷ˵ֻץҩͺ˵ģǰ⸱ҩ
һ¡ûҴ
תҩ׼򿴿ǲˣʵٲҲֻŷץҩģôʱҲʶ˲ٷӣеķ̫Ÿĸģһ۾ⷽЩԣкüҩԼò׼ȥ
ȥҡǸǰ̧ͷ˻һۣҶҩŷץˣʣµĲöʡ
¼Ҳڶ໰շץãֽϵһݸ˶ˡڵݸһɲǣͻȻоһ¡
ڹ۲
Ǻһͨҩͽ۲죬һָӱĵĹ۲죬˵ǴصĺԻҲֻڵݸһɲǲָܡ
ʶĵ޺״̬©һǳǳЦݣ˵ߡҩתߣȴƫƫӺ
İ˵Ĵڻ˵ѾǳϤˣʲôҳߵͬĿĺԣֱŻġ
һ˲䣬ͺһá
ǾԲܱ¶ģǸСҺԼʶĵ˶ϣǺпܻⶾ֡
û¾һ˲ƹȥס
˲ƹȥһɲǣµƺüëһ£ڻ»书Ƶģ漴˿Ӱûж˵ʲôת뿪˰ٲá
˿ת̾˿ôû¶Ǻ£Ҫҹˡ˺֣Ҫ˵ƽʱܲ³һǵĿĵģǽȴЩ²͸
ļжû˵Ĵڣ˵Ǹڽû¶ˣȻʲôĿĲҲʵǸСˡ
һŪе£ͷһ漴ִ˺Ժ⼸쾡Ҫš
ǽ粨ʲôţ񶼳ˡһı˺Щˬֻܵͷѷŭйҩϣɷĩ
˯˵Աߣ˷ƹŴ̯ѧĶڻһĥҩʱһ˵εӢô
֪˵
ҾǸսСӾռһϯ֮أġз
û磬Ҳûᡣŵʱ羿ôһȡ˼𽭺Ĵ£οǾĴɱȻһĻ
ϵҲһһһһȥžͻֻᷢûпĻЩҲͳ˽ϵĴ
̤뽭
֪ɱ·ǾԲˣҲȫ²ȥ֡ǰվ񣬻²һ֮νġӢ񡱣ܽ˶˵Ű
ǲȥɱȥ壬ֲ̫Ը
޴ֵĻڰٲĬĬصҩͻȻ˹˵Ҳ㴳ôˣûʲô˼Ĺ°
˼Ĺ£
һ£Ļͦ࡭Ҳ֪١
˵ĲָС˵ȷ١Ҫ˵ܹǶС˵ˣ۾ֱΪִ˵ˮƽ
ǽЩеģ¾ȻƽԲὲĹ¡Ĺͨ׶ٽˣŮ٣˶С
ʵǹ
µļû취ȫģǹС˵иȽĵطʮͺܸɴڴ׻ķʽһ½ͽˣͷǡһѵѵʶѧġ
ڻ½ʱ򣬸ոմӰٲ뿪Ǹ˲֪ʲôʱ˻ڶĲ
ģµΧΧһȦˣһƬ˶Ĺˡ


73 ڽ

²֪ͽƽʱݹǸʱ䣬˽ͽ֮ĺܶ, ΪԼܽ, ԽԽࡣ
о˹², ôôʱ仹ûꣿΧôԽԽࣿȫһʼԤϡ
ϸŷ˵֮С˵ʵǲôйɵ, ӹ±о񹦡, ܶණ, һ֡оϵĶ
Ҷ³ǵĽ, ȫ̶ûд֪ʽǡɡ, ȴĿеİ¹⣻˵ŴѩĽ, ˶֪ܿ, жأ˭˵
ʱиչСʻŴѩĽж, ˳˼밴ĿǰĽ׼˵׸ݴʣȴô׶ʡ
ŵǸҲСʵǸ, Ȳͣסˣֶűӣ¼˵
ֶô˵ĳ, °˵ʲôĸܰɡ
ǻ¿϶ô˵Ҳֻ˵һ˼£ֱ޿ɽ֮, ǾѾ˵ĵز, ĵزɡ
ûԽʱ»ܲһʲôĴ, Խ֮, ʶڸѧȻϹɵ, ɵʵҲ˼
Ȼ񡱣ɡʲôķе㳶ֻҪﵽһļ£ǲ
绪ÿڼ￴۷ʱĵҲû׼ȷݴʣҲֻܸп·ɡ
һûУѾˡ񡱵ĵزǻҪ͵ĻҲͲֶֻۿ˲ܸܵĳ
ļ￴ˣֳܲʾһ飬ԼʵûеһزҲֻܹ񫡣
ΧһȦ˱µĻشĲ
ȻǺĸоô¡
ͻȻϹһôһϹһȫĶдһС˵ôǿ϶ݵʵʣ˵ȥһѣݵۣ˶еһʶٶ
Ƕڲ书ֻдС˵ˡô˧ôˣҪô˼ʵ
͵Ҷû½ĹѾЩʵʣȴ
ƺĳԱߵ˶֪ƺ˼ʲô˫һֱŰٲõ￴
Щ̫˼ʵҲ̫ãǡǡС˵񰼱Ƹ񰼵һһλȫҪʵֻҪ˧ˣﰴʵ趨һҪȫ淢չ
˵һǿĳΪݹ۽ϰȽкܶ඼ǱɣӣұȽϽʵ壬Ҳ˺ܶණ
ִɣͺǣ˵˵ôˡ
ϹİɡԱһɵĿŻ£ʲôѵѵʶͣ͡
һεĿ
ҲûΧôˣһĶԻµɱǰһҪһԡָף·żŮꡭ컻·ɧ˭ܱĹ
ܶܶԺĹ޹һ
˵Ҳûݳ޵·ĵزֹǺķҪ֣Ȼһ벻СĸŮײô죿˵վõĻ룬¾ԼҲͦʵڵģԸ㲻Ǹ
ıεĵûֻڰһ𡭡
һ㶡
ûסЦˣԱߵҲ˵Ҫһͽɣȫ˶֪ˣҲǵģôڽһͷûУ
ЩͣңҡΪôء
Ц˰죬ȻӲʹĳʱȷʵҲе㵥ִṳ̂˶ûŻµĻھּҵүȻˡ
ЩȫģЩģû˶𣿡
˵ҪǾûûˣϽ˵ɣʱˣ绹ӲӴˣ
У˵ǸˣҪ֪һҪõһΧµ˾û²ٽҲͽɢˣֻһ˻ڻµĶੲݣੲݡ
Ӧ챻һǲһ
̯һֱţȻע⵽˶ԷϾ˼Ҳûšǻˡĸ֣ټϳʲôûɣԻҲܳˣװûˡ
ҩץˣֻ̧ͷ
˵û˻Ľ˵ҾͲˡ
ⲻˣƤ
¸˵ûУȴȻ˿ڣԥһ£С
ţ־
£ûһ˿覴áǾӦһ˰ɡµ
У㻹ʶأѵû˵ѧֹ𣿡Ц
ǼȻôˣǻֻ˵籾Ӧúܽӽˣǲȷϡ
ȻڻûСµһֱϣһ˵ġȻѣҾҲһ취ûС
ʲô취
ʶľõʱӣħħ
£ħʶ˵仰ȴͻȻʶǾ仰е㲻ʱˣæס˿ڡ
Ҳȫû˵ʲôʣ˵ʲô塣¾Ѿⷳ˾ǿغԺȥˡ
˷ˣʲôʱܻȥ̳мҵ
·˸дݻЧǾ仰ʵǲӦ˵ڵģʱʶ˵ˣȫΪ̫Դۡ´ҪǻôӦȡ飬һʱܡͣһ㣿
ת˱ʶ̧ͷȴȻڲǸ֪ʲôʱʧˣʧٶȱʱٶȻ죬Ϣ

µͫ˲Ŵһ㡣
ṦȻǰҲϢԲһṦˣ˵ҲӦò򵥡
һ˳ڰٲõĿʲô
˼תһᣬ׼ϢŵˣǶעһ㡣
ͷͻȻͦƭ˵ɶɶͻȻðϵ̬ʵˡֿʼԼԽǰǵС˵زĺҸ㽲ʵ˵˵˺һľġ˺һ㶮𣿡

ԽԽ㶮𣿡
Ҳ
״̾˿
֪ЩϡŹֵĶ̫ˣһ֪˵һͻȻһ£תͷ˵֪ʵϢĵطһ벻ĵطԺһƽʱǲǾȥ¥һĵطռϢ
˵꣬ͻȻͷһϸ΢졣
ţǴɻ̧ͷȥͷָֻƽոһҲ󣬺С͵׻С
ԽûֻԱȻ̫Ǿͦ˼İ


74 1

컪ڽ˸, û뵽һڡȻÿеû¸, Ͷὲ
пյģҲڹ·С˵, ܼǵɶͽʲô, ߲, һֺƽ߾ȻۼһСĳ, кܶĽ
ԭи˵ģû¼öûˣ·Ĳǹģɴ, ˼·, ˭֪λ˵һ, ɴڸز⡣
Ҳ˵ģ˵˵ûһεĿ˵һ, һʱ˵̯Ҳ
Ժ, ´һ˵ô, ֻҪһ˵־׼ӣҵ, ӵ, ձȫ, ӴһƬľ÷չ
¶֪Լ츳ڿҪҸ̺Ⱦͷ˸ԼϽȥˣоԺǰٲõˡ
֪ﰵѰ˼գҲЦ˵ԼĲҽݾͺˣôˣҲûĸãҪǸջ¥ʲôģҪ׬ˡ
ҲûʲôϲЩˣûҲͦĵģһ޻¾Ȼֱ£žͺִ˿רҵһµ񶼲ͬ
ʵ˵Դ˹ŴٳݵĿ⣬ûһġ
ٽһ°ٲˡľ
⼸ͼﵽ˺һľ磬ÿ춢Ž·ܶ¾ëȻŶ⽣ܻһ
̲סʻ£ô졣ĬĬؿ˿Ӧҡҡͷ
ǣҲ㣬䡣
ĺ񶼴ˣûŵľһֱûţŵľˣСɱ֤ôһ˵˵ڶôˣġ
һɤӣ˲»ƨƨߵľܹȥˡں濴ţ̾˿
ɣꡣ

ֵƽﻪ½µʱˣǻȴû˵޾ɵſϡܶĽ˶ԵЩʧſϣ˶˯
¸˵еܣȲˡȻ£Ҳûȥ¡
ٲſڵǸǰƽʱﶼһλµҲûԵĪģ̇ͷǸû˵λ˵ôɣ˽Ҳû
˭ˣͻȻ̧ͷʵҼǵʱʱˡ
ߣȥǻ¥ǸʱǶ˯˰ɣҹèû˯ѹʲôû
˵ҹèӾſǰĻ£˹Ŵȸӣȴֱִ˹еһЩҹ֣԰ٲѹû֪ÿǼ˯ģһֱҹèӡ
ԩˣ²ҹèۺˣ¡
ҪӢ϶ҲįԼҲҪһš
ʵ¥һĽӰӦģ˲⣬ԭӦǸеˣ練ˣǱѡһʺϵˡ
ֽ׹ۣǸˣǱҲʮ˵ãʱһܳΪһɱ֡
׹ЩӿʼڽƵˢڸУɱһ½ĸ̣ɱһСӡһʱ˲ٴӣʵôҸһ¥ɱֵķɡ
ʵ¥ԭôżˣΪԭĹ켣˳ȻģҲΪϴˢһĳ裬޲ýɴˡ¶Ƶ̬ȵûʲôоŲһ
ûҲȥˢڸУԲܱ¥˸¡ΪǾ粻һ̵ˣȻôôӲأ
ߵͳȻṦ˼ʮأ˽ĳĻ¥֮ϣŻ·װ赭дĺ˼ƣȺС֡Ȼ󲻾©Լʰʰٿ񱼼ʮػ˰ٲá
һήҲӣҲ˯һСʱѣٲЪҪˡ
ϵ˶֪òڣһȴǻ֮Ҳдҹڻ֮ءǰûȥǹһ£Ļ¥˵ȥȥҹ޻ڣ¾Ҳû󷽵ֵز
˵ڻ¥ϿˡҲǴô׷ɱȻô󷽷ĳС˵
˵û˿ĳ࣬ΪһֱӺ棬˾ơ

ԣкȾơ
¶ݺ󣬻¥ʵ֡һַҵĵطʹӦԵĶôء
λĻ棬ЦЦĿһۣӺֻܿһŵˣƺУҲûдκÿһѰֵһ
ʱΧ綼Ѿˡ
Ǹʱ˶Ѿ֪Ӻ磬Ӻ˱ֵжôʣû˸Ҵǰȥ
ֻĻ棬С쳣ǿûһ˿ţЦ绨ϵ˱ƣԶԶľһ
ʮִ󵨵һٶ
Ȼǻ˵ۣȻҲԼǰľһ
Щ˵ܾ¸ƽ˵һȻľͼˡ
ǰſŵĻͻȻթʬ
ûУûУǸᲢۣ
˾ǧĸϻˣûűģԼǸ
Ҵôһ·poseһڵʹȾƵʱĬĬǮºȳˣĲǸĻԲǣ
ĺܷһҹܰĻҲƾԼ˵ṦˣЩһҹ첻ģЩ£Ҫ١
ڵĻºѾһˣΪ硱ֶ˵ѾһţǱߣһѵĺԱ
ʱҲģΪӦµݱӣѾ֪ŻŰ
Ҫ뼸ļ٣֪Ҫãһô˵˲ô£ǳֵ֧˵ȥɣȥɣʲôˣǵðǶ࿴ۡ
Լ峿𴲣۵۾ҲĴӦȥúõĲһ
˯ûججʱͻȻֻӻķ˽ͷϡְѸϵֽŽһ֣쵱ĵ㣬С⡯ˡ
ˣ
֮Ҳȷָǻ±ĶbossǸСүͷֵµˡ
Ⱥˡǻʲôֽأ˸ְƬΣ־ʵڲ㣬Ҳˡ
û뵽ڶ죬һȥͱ˸
˼ѾˡһվǰЦҪȻȥ

75 2

Ҫڽˢ, ҲЩ׹¡
ſ϶Ѽŵһ, ׼Ǹĳ˻⣬нԼһϱӵȷҲӢĹ
׼ڽһȦ, ʱʱˢ, Ҫʱغűϵ, ۲Ӣϵı仯
Ϊסĵطܽǵļϵص㶼һ, ǽһ
ԼļͣǸкü
ߴˡļ硱ݡ, ױʦʲôġ
ԴҵĿĶͬ, һԼ׼ʵʵȥƴһѵ, ǸҲǣͻһ˳ס
һٷĿɹƭŻ
Ҳϡ棬Щ˵лĲ, Ȼ϶뷽跨ʽֲһȱִֹˮ·, ŴȻҲ, ΢˵㡣
ĹǱ˽ӹȥģΪҵһԱʹʲôҲߵ
¾Ͳͬ, ƶĴʿԼһƵ·ȥġ
һͬŵ, , ԽǸͦʵˡ
Żһ·߹·ੲݵĸ½ŸָĹ£óǸ˵ˡŲ˾ĻҲôλġ
ԽòǸոռŵˣԻµ֪ΪʲôҪطʵ˽µҵ⣬ɰҿˡ
˵ôӰɭֵ
˾ôһһĵ˼ϵص㣬һƬյżӱȽʵӦɳһģһСġ
֮⻹һԼԼһ֪˭
ܶ˶ææ⣬ǶĬĲҲֻʱܸܵһֺܶصַΧ
һͷǳص㣬ڻ²϶ܲ³ġǰƥѩ׵İͷ϶ôһɫӡǣͺƽһ£ſźĽЩơ
ʣµӦ׼Ÿ׼ľ̫ͨע⣬ʱεĴӽʻ
ֻ˿ŽƥƵЩЦһԽȴһֱһƥ۾Ҫֱˣһ߶һ𾪵ĵȥ͸
ʵеĲ˶һֱ޵Ŀֻϧ¸ͲҲԽĺŰ۾ͶǼƥϡ
ȥܹ֣رԣŹһ֮Կһ۾ԹҲʵΪ̫ۣƵġ
ܺ𣿡Խ񣬻һ졣ԽİĿջ֪ȻݣǧҲΪ棬˭⳵˿϶رǮ
Խ֮⡣
ЦЦҪǸ˵·ְʳʲôеп֮⣬ڳѹȫ̸вִǹŴֻȦ桭
Ҫһȥĳ𣿡ԶԶģ¿̽ͷʵ
⸽ĸͣİɡԱЦ˵⸽⼸вٵٵĹָ˭ĳͣˡ
˵ͷٶ˵ͷջȥˡԽһС˵㿴Ҳ̲ס˰ɣû뵽˵ıĸáһ˾Ͳ˳ۣһǰæǰæƵģ˰кĶûС
ЦȰֻñ˲̫áȷʵ˰ӰҲûУֻһţһųߣŵĻһˣ϶ûʲôͱģ硰ҲЩߵ
ƽʱģûдʲô۵·ﶼûʶԽҲĵʱ֪Ļݡڻ̫͵ˣĴ󲿷Ҳ֪ʵǳ£Ի¾һֱȺûʲô
ʻˣһʰʰҲ׼¸ŶߣСһûȥпյλã׼ϡ
˭֪ϳʱȻһ¡
˼ˡסǸЩˣЦŶԻµ
ԽȻһ˳˿ԼԱߵĿλûԱ߾пλð
ǸġЦȥԱߵĳ
ʱĻ»ûô࣬Ա˿ȻҲˡ
ֻֻصǰֻſλҾ˵ҪλøǸ˵Ҳûʣʲôʱȥţ𣿡
СҡͷһҪϳˣĪǻܰڰ·ɣ
źܺƣξǲû
ΧĿʼ̽ͷºͺǸ˵ĶԻ˲䳡оͰ
ܽŵûɵӣҶǰе㲻Ծ
Ҳͷһ˵£Ҳɵӣ˲һֽдĻ
µġ
Ȼˣ˵Ӧô죿ʡ
СǲˡȻԴأ˵ҼǵǴռͦģҪȻ鷳վһˡṦӦҲ˵վ۵ĻҸҸڵ˵Σ
Ŵִĳɲһȹ˾ҰˣҪҸطú£˳ǻͷĳ
ҲˣƫƫǸݡġڽǸʲôҲף硱õ̫ܴ£ͷĳ־Ҫ
»㱼صϱӵְġָо˵Ҳ֣ԭΪԽǿ𣬵û뵽ȻҲ¡
°Ӳ̫£ȷʵǶġǳЧ׻˵׼СѲ
˶ڹ۲Ż£˶£Χпֵģеǵģģгġʱûһ˳
˵ĵطн⿴ͿôԶҲȷʵһС
ںǸҪͷż£˭ȥԼҲϣԽû˵
ҪǲԸ⣬ⵥҲУۿžҪʱˣǵøϽˡ˼ʵ˵
ȻͲϳ˼һ·ϸŴ󳵼ȥԶȻһһ㶣Ҳһ㶣ʵе죬ȴʵû뵽˭ʱͻȻ˵С˼
ʱͣԱߵ˹һƥ˻µǰ¼Ĺ˫˳۾
ƿ̽ͷŻ»˻֣ڳ۾˲ԲˣԼҲһ㶡
ƣǽȥ

76 

˶ڶ, һʱǳȫĽ㡣
˭Խһ̽ͷ𾪵ʡ
һŵġ˳
˵ȻҲûӹǸ˵Ķ䣬Բʶ, Ǹ, վԭû˵
ʵҲסˣ˵ƽҲûǸôǮ˰
źȻôһ, ﻹеˬ˵˳
ǳս˿ȸղŻҪ, ܹǸǳĿռ, ź, ƺֵİ, һֵ͵ݻУȨǵϲ
ղŻϳ˻Ĳ, ˭֪תͷȻһ
Ⱥ˾Ϳôֱȥ, ͻȻиûסЦһ
͵ĻͷȺɨһۣǺݶȴҲûЦǸ, ҶڵλϿ֡
ֻԼ˻, һתҲ˳
¸ոϵĳռܴ, װεĺܺ, ⳵ڵĿռ¾͸ո󳵲, Ȼȴֻһˡ
⳵ûλֻڵ˸̺, ĽﻹһСͭ¯, ̾Ƶ, Ա߻иװεĸӺС¹źڵ̺̾ƣԱ߻˵ġ
滪¿ʲôŵȴһӾܿ
еܰ
Ҳ̺ϣŵл˵лңⱾҲҵĳүġ˵Ҫţָ˸
һ㶣ү
ȵȣȷʵʶүλүòƻġɽšû뵽үү
һӾ⳵ˣΪԼʶһѾȻȣ˰׼ˡղ˵⳵Ȼүҳģ˻
ãããү϶ҪλĴȡ
ĿǰλҲүˣԼͲȷǹĻˣҪ˵ҲȽ٣ŵͺٳǰ²үȥˣ
ǲǺͷָָĸְ裬үûǰЩ˵ǶŮ췢ɣ
үȻҲ֪ǰʱϹ˵ǼСι£
벻ȾȻô㣬ȷʵ˵
ָָǱߵһСϻӵװŸ㡣ȻָָǸ¹񣬡װĶ·һһҲ㴩ˡ
ˡǲֵܹµˣ㵱ĵ㣬ҿˣȻͲˡ
ܹ»Ȼ˵˳ɾ¥һֱǸˡ
ʱ;Ǹ̫࣬û뵽ȻǸ̫࣬һ˵ղܻ¾ˣӦþǶܹܡ
ܸүƽƽ֤̫ȷʵҲǸ̫ࡣǻҲû¹ĵ˾˺
㻹˺ŵ˺ǾҪظˡ
̾˿ûô򵥣˺Ļ˺ˣֻܾϵĺƽܶ㿪Ͷ㿪ֵ̫ʲôҲճ㲻ҪΪҽʹүںʰ̯ӣүϾҲŵ£㶼ҪԼš
¸㲻ʼЩƵĶ֪λүĹ¡λүòƺʥϲ֮ͣǰϵһֱ϶˵ùȥ
ԻĿǰԶҲֻ뵽үҪӣֲϾֻڻϵ£ү޹ء̫ʥϵĲ
ϱʱүҲûԼҲǸˣȻǴˣǾͿ϶ɵ¡û½ſλүΪġɵ¡֮һˡ
ԼʲôүҲûʲô̫ϵүǾԽ磬Խ̵ܱĴޣǸԶ׼ĵ
ȿθ˵Ҫرעǵһŵݸ˻һֽΪ׵һ־һ賬ˡ
賬óõ书ҲСεҪġ
Ϊʲôʡ
ΪǶǱߵˡû㣬ôҪӢ˵ŵ
˾Цˡ
ԭ¾Ȼôģֻλ賬ͬѧе࣬ϱֵӢȷʵûʲô£۽ǲעǸܵġ
λ賬һҪʲôأʡ
Ǹ㵱ġŵŵ˵û취ⰲ˼е
νʵǵʯ
ˡĿ⣬ȻҲࡰԱ˰ͬǣЩ˵ģҪʱһϷǾͱҪ
ɲһò¡µô
Ҳ֪ⲻһò¡ȻˣǾ˵˵ʲô㡣ŵ¾ˣС޿ɱܣ˼ҸģȰҲҪ̫⣬ʱúñܱܷͷԺúȺôһȦҲͻȥˡ
ﶼû²Ҫ̫Ӣϣ֮ǰ֪ʲôϢһҪû·̬Ҫ̫⡣Ļлһ˼Ҫʱ΢ʾҪ
˼ȴ΢΢ҡҡͷ
档ŵԲһҲûʲôõġ
Ҫʲôҵžˡµ
ֻδصס̾˿Ҳ̫ģǲֵȻҲһ
Цŵʵ̫º̫ˣǽºʱʹ̫Ҳˡ֣αڰٲֵطţὭеɱ¾ĸĴɱ¾֮йģǿӲһ㣬δػ
±΢΢Щ졣
Ը񡭡ºͣЩ
֪ۡΪʲôûܵ˼ν͹Ĵʹܹ衣
Ϊõۣ˵ƽȷȷʵʵǸˡ
żһͨͨСɱֵ¥¥һĻĻȻ籾ôˣС»Ĳڷϣḻ˵Ķʮëë궼㲻ϡ
Ŀʼֻһ棬һǸ˶թԼֹĶǵĵطҲǸֻ֪ɵӣλĹҲܼ
ɱܷظۿһ¡
ѪxxɵĳȿֲƬˡ
һ棬˵ĻȻһĪĬС
ֻһԼ鲻Ҫ̫Ϸ׼ӻ
ʵҲҪ̫ѹΪǸˡƺǿο°˵˾仰ֻϧӲ̫ʺط磬ǽ϶Ͳˡ
£תͷַֿһ¡
ôԽԽС
ʵ֪ͦӦʲôġ
¡¡ʻһźһ鼫Ļﳤȥ

77 ı

Ҫһ˻Ǻ׵, ºͽһǸ
ͨҪ岩»ҪȥžͲ, ȫǽϵĸΥ¼, 򵥵ѵĶ, ԸݲͬҪѡ, ͬʱ˳Ÿɵ㹫¡
ڽǸ˵, ǻѡȨ, Ƕڻ˵һðƻֻҪϾ, ֮ǰԼȥĶ֪
ڳŵ֪ԼҪȥĵط
һ㶣ôǡط
ʻ, ˳Źٵһ·ǰУΧľɫͱ÷, ¾ʹ˽˽һ
ܻһֱסڰٲһƧĵط, ǱϾǽϵȫϵһǷҵģػÿƮƻԻ͵Ļơ
ۿŽ;͸Լֵˣʣһ˻ڼ·, ǹȻȥͬһطȥطǳϣȥ
һȥ, ֪ϵʲôˡ
ŽǸȴĵط, Ÿ**һĵط
վҲֻһִˡĽ, ŵĺڰҪࡣ
¼ǵԭʱϵʱ, ػӳһ¡һλȫǵŮȻһҹ֮ɱ, ػϰ죬һӡ
Ůɱ֮ʧ˽֮УȴΪһ
ҲʱҲ֪λŮȻһ߻ħˡ
ʱʼػϽӶغġӡǣһʱΪһϷԵĻ⡣
˶û뵽̻֮ؾȻôķӣһʼ¶ĻֻһЩͬΪŮ輧СϺףĿʼ˽ϵһЩʵȨ
һһԭԼαװĺܺõġӡȫӶ߱Ҳһ𣬴ҲŷָƽػϾȻһֱΣķ
ǻȴ֪Űɹ⻹ġ
ſһֱ֪е⣬ǾԲôࡣΪѾˣǵʱһŮɱ˵ʱҲ֪£ɼⲢһƻõ£ȫһŮͻµġ
ںĽӶ¼Ҳ˺֣ܶ˶ġӡԶԶ˵ϣ˵ǽʱ˺͵һ¡
ڻ¾ԼǲҪ½ۣһΪǸŮɱ˵¼пҲֻǴˣȿŸµ񾿾ʲôϾͿĿɻǹĻġ
ʻػӰԶ¾ǵĿƮɢںϣȵս˲ŷЩôĴô
һиִ˱ִ˵ʵĸо㹻ķ˵𺳸и
ĻмĴȻСҲиԵķֱӰŪõƻͨ硣
深¿ĴֳڹŴѷ²ҪķѼҲֵֻطܼˡ
ԱҲпĵǺܷÿһᱻ𾪣ҪԼȥĻһҪ֪ͨҡ
ûǲȥġµ
Ȼô˾ӡЦŵ֪֮ˣûκֵܵط
תͷȴּᶨظһΣҲġ
ǵĳһʻ밶߾ͱ˶ˣػӰ߶Ǯˣһ۽𾦣һ۾֪⳵Ǹ˵Ĺˡ
齵ĵطػӰһĿջȳģܵģͱ˺档
óûԺúϢһ¡ƺǻл֮Ҫæˡ
ŸµĻѻ㹻ģԼѾػӰõ֮һ֪˴󲿷ֶסԱߵļСջָ֮ܡ
賬ǣҲͬס
ĵڶ죬Ҳ½ϵ֮ǰҲŻе˼Ըɴһ춼ûţһֱܷͷȻЩˣǼȻŻǲҪֵ̫Ϊãڵڶ΢һЩʱ򣬻յһŵݹֽ
дʰһ£賬һػϣ֮֮ǰԼõϷһϷһҪĺܺãԲа
¿һ仰ʱˡŵĶλӦûһƿֺ䶯Ĵǲרģ˳Űӹֻһɺϡ
һͷģˢ˴ڸеͬʱֿ˳飬ѡػӿֻܵΪڽϵĻźܶѡ
ҲȽʵϣ֮ǰƾԼĴ䶯˽ΣŸɴһֱƿˣӵıҲЩĻµʵ
ЦЦ˵ɾȻҲܸɳѵ˵СתתԵ𣿼ʹ硱¥ȻҲôһ¡
ͬһʱ䣬賬Ҳӵֽ
˵ֱܲڽϱһЦ۾˸һֺݶĹâҪǲλڽﻹĸܱͬȹң
ñ˼վǸ˺Ȼǵ˻ϳӣϾŵ£ȻҪչ㣬ʲô۶Ҳû취ճ
һЩСֶλǿԵģֻҪŵҪûйϵϴʲô粻õķҲԼʵ˻ͷһתյĳҲԹСӲ֪ô˹ˣվҵĵ̡
賬ЩмһˣǸеһ˿̫ͼҲ̫ԽǲмԽǹʵʵĻشһ䣬ǡ
ĵ죬ŵڿʼжˣŻһˣֻܿȫһܵĻֻҪʱܿôһ
Ŷѡһ·һϮǲϵĲʮᱡҾԲֹǵǮ򵽵ģΪͷ˸·¸п˳үָģʱ·һŹƮƮɵĸо
Ȼλү֮便Ǹʲô״ϱ˺˺Ҳͻûˣǲò˵λүǺ˽⣬࣬ҲʹƮƮ·
´·˳ȥ賬ǻ¥ĬĬصţԱߵĻмڰˣڳ״ʱæ
컪ϳʱӻĿպһԽҲصȺСҶǵûʱӣһܵ͵ҲͦƵˡ
㺦𣿡賬賬ЦʲôûѾˣû뵽Ϊһˡ
Ļ˵һ룬ͺȻΧһ󾪺
̧ͷһ¥иһӣվ¥ﵭĿ档


78 뷴ѹ

·Ļ˳¥, һ¥Ͻ״̬һ¥ڳԷ˶˹(Ѹÿõĸ)
ʱǰ쿴ķǳͬ, ﻪ²Ǹϲڴ֮ͥ¸ߵ, ǽ¥ʱһֱǵĮ㹻, 򵥵¸¥Ѿߡ
ǰĻǷǳ˾İ, Ǹļ, Ǿþȡ
ȥ, ǻ磿ԽС˵һ˰Ĵ¥, һԲѾǳˣֱҶ˵
ΧҲŲŵǰ, һӶѾˣȴоһĻ۾, ˵ͷ, Сʲ
Ȼˣû뵽Աߵһ΢˵̴ͣŮЦ˵
õҵȻҪһ, ɱ˵Ҫö˰һŻͷҡ
粨ʱ²ûЩǰ, ΪǶȻһ뿪ˡЩǰҲ˵ǸƢܺõ, ˽»۹ܲУû뵽ǵĵһӡͿ˸ϲ
ȻҲ賬, ͨͨװû, һʱ, һŵĳػӵİʻȥһ̤һһǶҪ˵ˣȻĿǰû֪ǡ硱º˷ֻǻģϷȫס
ȵ˻ϣŻ˵ҪûԼµʱԴǵıʾѾԲᣬȻŲʱΪʲôôᶨ
̤뻨֮󣬻²˲ܵʲô硱ĿһĶǸֽЦεĸոһ¶棬̱˹ϯ
ºԼǰһƣǵġϷҪݡ۾´ķֵλŮ̫ˡ
λڴ貢ȫĿǵɱ˵ġӡ
֮䣬¿໭һССĺͼ۾档
ӦþڸĶ
ֻڳ˼ȴȫûǸϣƾڳصתֻעŻº賬
賬Ҳ¿߽ϡҲȺ֮УΧ·̨ĵƹ⡣
賬Ҫڻ֮Ͻơ硱ݣػϵ˶֪ĵ
һһ˵ʧ֪ⳡϷǿʼˡ
賬ңңĿһۡϡпһ˿ơ
ǰľƣһڣƺңңľ˻һȴĶпһ˼׼𣿡
»Ĵ˫װûп
貽ԽԽ죬賬ĴԼλԽǰߣԽ࣬ŲȻȴء
ΧĿڳԳԺȺȣע⵽Խ֮ͣ賬һȺ֮У˫һֱĶŻ£ŲڴľʵĴϣȻһҲûС
µͷñס죬ЦһʵҲ
ԱŵĲǰҲ˵ͷ
賬ȻȥӢλã˵ˢӵġһϯ֮أǽ˻µ
ȴʮֵҪһػ
֮ǰ賬ȻҲ˻µ£ʵЩ޵ģһλˣƾʲôҪѹһͷһ˵´˴Ҫػӵ飬ȻһִҪһ
˾˵Ӻºͣº賬ʵҲʹһԼܱȲһˣܰѹһͷǽϴӴ˾ˡ
ϾȻǸðƻڴĵȷǴ˵еġ硱
֮·賬ѾˣȻƾλģֲ˸Լʲôϵ޷ֻ֤Ǹݰˡ
һ£Ųڻ硱𴩵ķ̫󣬵ǨŭϿǱⲻ˵ģպŵӿ϶ù
賬ôŵģһ˿ɱҪ˼õһʱסԷð˵ŵԼҪ˵ʲô͵͵µǰô͵һ̧ͷһӾסˡ
ԭļƻ賬Ҫ͵͵ǱµߣװҪɱʶƵӣȻһںµݣ͵͵ȫˣΪ֪ʱо̰ƣɫ˶Ѿߴʳ˵Ƶ˻µϡ
ҲûʲôȴΧĿⶼľ˽ֻںȾƣȴѾע⵽ˣȻҲͬʱע⵽ǰ賬
ʮĸоܵԣλ塱ǰվΧһ˲俴ܶණ

⿴һѧʵҲ˶ģȻҲó²ûá**һ书֮ԻôĹעȣΪĳ绹ʣԼһһ
оȻһ壬ֶص̨Ǹ۽һֻŮһΧͬźܶŮ󲿷˵۾ǵһȿ
кܶ˾óֶãλŵǰôȷ֪ܴٺôģҲ˶һ㡣
Żµ賬ܵĶҪһ㣬ڻµĸһЩϸ΢ı顣
бźһƣ۾û߿һۣĸоУ賬ΪԼǸҪǰɱ׾ͨͣǰǶмһ˵籾ˡ
У賬˻ͻȻӦ˹ЩľôܱӰˣ
˿Χʶװɱ壬ͺܸɴվڻǰһȻ
磬ɣ
ͦģΧȻҲüΧһɧҡ
賬ǳƣҲǳС˱ôһ˵Щ¡ҲδûһѹƵͷ
ǰµһɨ˹Ƶᡣ
賬ȴݲ壬κεĸ顣
·ֻڿһ޹ؽҪˣ·ֻڿһͨĺ󱲣·ֻڿÿһǰɱˣ·ֻڿһֻСӣһжѾϰΪ
һ̣ΪԼǰ˾磬ŬѰңȴһ˿Υ͸УһжôĻȻһ塣
Ա߿ŵĽ۾һС
賬ЩţһеĵʶľͿ˹ȥ
һ̣ѵ׵ָסȴǱסһҲ޷ǰһ


79 

賬Ѿ׻ˡ
ļƻ֮, ǵͼǰŲһʱǵȴѾһ˿
ͼ˶һֵ, Լ, ȴҲû˿Ӱ졣ĿԷĿ, ƺȫûа
̬ȼŭ
СӰԱ߼ŵ˿˿ָ׷ǰһ
賬Ǹʲôˮ׼ǻ֪, һһ, ˵ܵסĵ, ǽָѾõٶֺȷʵЩ˴ҵϡ
Ǹĺ, ϧǰһ̾˿ȻҲ֪ǰĻʱı, ֱעҪܵܶ谭պķչҲܵӰ졣
Է, ͹ȥָ, ϸѧˡֻϧȻǸ˲ţȴվԵ
ϵû߶, ػϵŮ˺ͶǵҪһ㡣ԶŮѽѽĳСС˳ŷƮ, ҴϸһİϢ
޵ĵŴϻ谵, ϰӺġ硱һζԶŵһŮȴʼնûͣ, ʹΧŮѾܹ, һվ̨, ¶衣
賬赭дĻѾŭˡ
ӦģһӦñǣűߵǶǸˣôڷڱǣűأ
ӦǶԷȫѹס˵ĿⶼͶڶԷϣҲЩǰƬռ䶼סһ
ڷŭʱܻһЩǵ£賬˿ĿŶԷЦˣǺˣ֪ôŮˣɷ˭
Ļһתĵͳֻǲ֪ڴѰ֡û˾ɰ

賬Ļһڣ˽һ㶡
ڸ֮ǰͽԻǸ̴ŮĿɿڴ˵嵹һ۾Ϳ˳ЦŵСӳסѹһͷҪһ
ԭȥǰѹһͷۿѹסɲͻ𡣡ԱһҲԴ󣬳ôüĿ˵
ֻʱЩ̫ˡҡҡͷ
ʱͻ˵ôһ仰ֹ£ŵĻ±˸£ûзӦǽһп¾ȫˡ
ھǡ硱ͻ·ǳܻһЩ籾˵ķӦػ֮۾ڿ϶עҪǷʲôԡ
ŵ˶۷׷ףԭƻȫû°һʼ賬ȥֻػϵ˶֪ĵѣʱȴͻȻ˵ôһĻôЩˡ
ģҲʶĿǰʲô״˲˶ʼæ
ǵ㡰趨һθ˲඼֪һ㣬賬֪á硱ϲˡ
ڴ֮ǰ賬ҲһЩ뷨˵ǰСϲˣŲ
賬û뵽ȻҲԼġˡѰ֣ȴ֪ҪǴȥôأ
Żµ۾ĶǶ⣬ŵؼˬ졣
ȻڻµΣվҲֻܰһϲ˵Ĵ
賬ʱ˿̼һֱĿгͷԣ۾Ķǰˣ·ʢĳһҪˬ
ǰ˻̧ͷһۣȻԼۻˣһкЩɫǺɫֺܿɢȥǷϵ
ϲˡϲˡ賬ں޲ôİ仰ֻİʾǳˬһԷ˼·»ᱻɴϣһֱҲ˲ɢȥʱٳû˳ԼĽԭһоֶָϡ
ϧǣĻ뷨ˡ
賬ŶתͷЦһ£ЦдŹɸոճ۾Ѫɫĵ촽ĺ죬һ¡
̧ͷʹЦݣһ仰Ҳû˵ԱߵĽȴͻȻסһ
𾪵ĿŻϵı飬ԼͻȻɢŵɱɱʹϽҲоһ˿Σգ·һѵƤһ
м˲ͱɱˣԭŵΪѾֳһЩ˵Ҳע˹ǵɱӿ֮˶Ҳ˲ϱˣֻȫĵעԼߣһɴ˵ϡ
¿ǰ賬ղͻȻ˵ôһ仰Ҳû뵽ģƺһ£ǲûгɹ
Ǹղ賬ĻȷʵǹһЩ䣬û˻þ֮УŴԼɢɱǰĻƺһḻ罥غϡ
֮ǰʵҲйһ󡰻ơʱģŵ˵񽭺϶绨ĵ۸ʱֱǾţһëʱҹҹˣС
ҲûܣװװӻǻģֱԡһʼԶǲмһˣΪ¥壬һʼҲûȥԣʱרĵİŻܲĽɫÿ档
ԡһˡٺ¼ͳһ̣Ϊʱ򾭳ó˵
ҲΪԼһԣϾ¥Ȼơھ¥֮ϺȾƵʱĶʲôأ
¾ͲˣϾҲ֪
ǻһ˲ͿƲסɢɱûǰΪոͷŵɱһ˲ƲסҪ̱ڵϵ賬ϵľƱظԼһơ
ľܺãǺһһҹľƶˡ
ԻºȾƺȵĺܼһҲȣһһΪΪѵˡ
һһľȥȴѺͷݣֻܿһ˵İ˺ͱ룬һһİǰľƺȿգԱߵ˶Ҵոտڵ賬Ҳ⾪˵ɱŪʱκηӦ
ﻹЩ¡
ôԷô˵ôôȻȻĺ˾ƣ
Ⱦ֮˶һƬž˵Ǿ仰֮󣬶ԷӦøе߳Χ˲ӦöǱҳЦ
Ϊʲô賬ǰһƵĻ£ȴֻܸܵĵһƬ볰ЦĻȴҲҲʵĻȥ˵
賬ԼõЩκʱ˵˶ԡ硱ıġ
ǲ֪ΪΣȴ죬ΪȻľ˵ȥ󱻳ЦĻԼ
һߵĽչ˸ոüͷ˿ԭΪѾˣڿ㣬ú˼
¼һѹķʽڳ˵ע̧ͷʱ˶ҶȾƵʱ˶תߡһ־˵ʰѴ˵߶εϣûһƿԼ۾
ոһֱʱҲѾͣԶԶվһߣĿ
ⷴӦǿˡθп˵ҡݵĻá


80 ں

ΧѾȥ, ¥ֵط̫ӭˣѾز, ٲϲߡ
¥²һͿʼз, , ڳ˶Ѿˡ
һô, , ĿѾﵽ, ȥҲûʲô壬˻ɡ
δͶԻº賬˸Ѿˡ, ¿֮Ƶվ賬ȴеע϶ûзŵָʾ
¿ǰ·Ѿ״ס賬, ʩʩȻվֱƹ˶Է, ȥ, ϻźʣµ¾ơ
ûж賬֣賬Ȼʧ˻һ´Ҷתߵȴû˿, ֮ǰ˶賬ɵġ
Ϊʱ۾ͷβûʢ¹賬ˣ
Ϊ翴һ˿봫в̫Ϣƽӵİ, ӵĴ, ɻǸ𽭺ĵһɱ֡
ֻ硱ߵ˻ļа֮ϣ̧ͷϵңңһ, Ȼʧ, ֻʣϻµȾ, Һҡһᣬ»ָƽ
أأʱͻȻ˺öഩƷˣһͰΧһ㻨ȴȥգֻʣһȺոΧ۵Լɵŵ賬
ȥҸˣ賬αˡ˵ųŵ˻ûȫʱʹӻ뿪ˣ󲿷ֵųԱͬŵ书Ҫ߳ЩһصģʹʧˣЩҲû֡
ʣµĶһҪ취賬ģ֮һʱ䡰֡Ƿиոոϵ˶ֻòƱܴ賬ϵ¾ƣѾ˸档
Ļ֮УոһĺŮͻȻʧҲûмܷ֡

ʵջ´ӻ󣬾ֱͣڰߵźһֱ
ȥŵ˵Ӧǽˣǻȥɡ
ôأʣµ˵˾䣬УһṦȳˣҲͳ˵Сûʲô£ͦ˳ġ
ô˵Ҳˣ벻νġСʲôں˽ľ˶Ѿصջʱˡ
ںһȫ̵ʱŶȷ˰졣
ʲôҲǳɵۣ賬ô˵ģ
ǰ˿·ĭĸǸƣ㲻֪ʱڳһ밡ǽǸ顭Һûʲô£ȫˡ
ȥֵôŻϳʱǸĲеͻȻһиС
賬ŶջǴˣȻڴ֮ǰһŵʡйӴˣǲŹģŵҲûֹŴ賬
Լ侲ŵʱ賬ûʲôƻľٶͷβʵʵģϾѾŻص˿ջ
ػϴûܣطǹŴϢͨĵط֮һ췢飬糿Ѿ쳹ػӰˡ
±ֵõĴʱѾеˣû˽һ˯ͣȵʰʱ˻泩оһ˯
ʮһ޵ĿջǱС˯
Ҳ֪ڷӵĸпƿžͿűſڵһϡ
ͷ㡣
ô춼û˽ң´˸У̾˿˭ҴŹ߰ɣǰͷ·
Ż´ջȣ¥ȥסڶ㣬ͷһ㡣
´󷽷ĸ¥ҲûԼ󲿷ʱ䶼ڰҳ賬˶ԶܻЩʧ棬ҹŴҲûֶµʺ͡硱ʵԶ
ڿƼУ¾Ȼ˵۵ҸСߵ˽Ѿ˸ˡ賬
ŵʱͷЦǺǵĿȻյġ塱ԱһüĿҲ˵ͷǴ˸к賬תͷƺǿһֻۣ߲ûжӡ
Ĭİŷֹϡ
ԼѰ·Ļ¼ȫ벻յǸˣһͨͨ˾ֲͣôͷȴ˾úܰĵˡһ֮ԭֱϧĽͷ˵ͷԻȫµʶ
ԭ˵Ǹͦº͵ˣ˵ĵһμµӡȴʱĻ¸ĸоӦһѱſˡɽּ˱ˣͷȴһ˿еġº͡һʲôоˡ
Ķţһ˿˵ϢǸ֪ˡվһһ˿СûУرĳȡ
賬ҲڴŽĻ£һռʱһº͵ĻʱȻǲԼ۾Ǽ⡣͸ջϵһ㶼һһܵӣôջϵǸˣ
ԭ賬Իеһ˿£ֱ˻ͷŵɱ֮󣬽ּ£ֶӵĳѹĿ־塣
ڳ嶯ˡͷǿ˻ʣΪʲôҪ賬ͷôŨɱ
ԲҵĴºܹϵǸ
ʱʲôȶָ޹ضûõģôҲְĻȻ˶ӦǸˣʱֻǸʮ壬øԷһ̨°ˣԺܸɴġϡ˴
ԼôԼһˡء棬Ȼĵȷȷ֮٣Ҳ㹻ǹˡ
賬Ҳܲ³ôһ£ǿôĵǸҲһ˿ˬĸо
ɡ˹Ȼܣʱֻͷϴ
ͷͷһת賬Ҳŵˣôִܷ󣿡
ҡ賬һӹͷ˿棬Ҳ֮˽ʲôìܣҲǱ󵽵ʲôˣε˭ҪǸŪ˲˭̹
ԱĬĬظԷ֧ʵϻʱ֪Է϶ֲ˺ãȻӦ顣
ͷ˵˻Ựˣֻʣ˻º賬ˣתߣȴͻȻ賬סĿŻµܵǰɣѹһͷˬǰɣжǰɣ
µĿȻʣαҪأʣǲ¿ҲܳΪһõ͵ġ
㲻賬߹ûǽվǸλõӦңҲӦң⽭ϴû˭˭ôһ˵һ
ս£۾ʱҿܾúǷᣬʵҲɣ̤뽭С⣬ͺװںѪһ
¾ؿһᣬȻЦȷʵں
ĿǰѪȡ̶ȷʵҪں


81 Ϻ

˵Ļ賬ʲô˼ֻǱںӸ˶ѡ
賬, Ҳû̫ϡǻϰԵİʧѵ˵, 벻ôȰûá˷ɵҲܸŷɵ
Ͷ, ת뿪ûָܸ賬˵£ֻǴžͻӡ
¥ݣʻ£Ҹղһ, 賬˵ȥЩᱻȥ𣿡
ЩӦû, ǲ̫ģʲôµġµ
ҲĻ¡ŵֻǾøûһ, ĳһͺױ𣿡
ҡҡͷ, Ųףתֳţߵ˸һһ߳ԷġҶĵʵ飬Ȼ²ᱻҷŹ
һûж賬Сġ¶Ǽ£Щ, ôûᰡ
»ںܾǰĳ¼Ҳ̫, ǽҵһԭˡһ߳Сӣһߵ, ֪һжٻŴ𣿡
٣еãȻ
ϸ»еû¸ʱͳƵʾ, ִʮ, ⼸ܸࡣ
Ȼʶ
ʱǲҪûСһˡģʶĻǲʶĶһ±ߡº˿оʦŴ˴Ҳȷֱһ¾ĻǼٵģ˵ԸʲôģʲôǼٵġ
¼˱ҪŸʵһ㣬ǵǰиĻ˵ʶң˵ҵĺӣ´ķзġŵ㿴м
˵˾˳˺߰ĶҲɵӣȻֻ֪ǵɡģǸĪѪȷʣټٵĲһʹúܶ˶ֲ
ĶüٵΣٵĶҲͳġ
³˷ʳǵһʲôͻǸŻص˿ջʱѾɹĸ˵ս˽һλõǰȻӮˣλǰʱϹȺӢˣһʱ佭ֻ
㱼ȷʵǴһλǰⲻΪһӢôǰˣĻһ¡֪ʲôʱᶯ֡
ʱܽʹôĴ󣬽»Ҫϡ

ĵ㣬׼ʱ˿ջȥɶææµµ
˵Ҳɡ
תԼﻻȫǰζ·ʱȻһЩСҲΪվ
ͣס˽Ų
ԷӦҲŵˣ򲻻ᴩջһߣֻ߰С۾֮ľҲرխ΢΢ЩüŲʲôࡣ
Ǯɨôһۣ¾ѾķװƷù˽⵽Ǹˡ
˰߰С˿Ż³ЦۣҽϺҺͺˡ
硣
ϺЦӶ˳վһܾЩԾ뿴«ʲôҩ
ȻλϺܶʲôϾĿԷһСһͷСվǰ棬һֱ˱ЩƫݵĻ¶Եáΰ˲١
ţϺִ˻¼ۣ¿񼸺Ѿ³Ҫ¡£ļйܶΡͷһӽǡ
ָоĪû¾е㡭ִ̼
ȻϺأǸ͵ģƫŵҩ֪˵û
˵ˡµ˵ͷ
ʿܶ࣬͵УҩȻҲС
֪Ŷ͵ǸŮˣǰСͷ
в˵ĵҾ֣˵Ȼ˿Ƣͦãȴ˲ˡϺЦȻʲôõЩһءǶһ㣿
ϣҵĵһ㣬ҵĵһ㡣̧ͷĵ
ҾϲˡϺһ˵һ»µļ滹ͣһ£Ҫûʲô¾һƣÿҲͦĵġ
Բ𣬽¡²ɫİ˦ȥĶϺ˵
Ϻ˲ȥŻµϣûͦƵģǸƢ
Բ𣬺硣ɵ˵
Ƣ̫̫װԼŪ
Ҿͦõġµͨ㡣
Ϻ˻һᣬʵﻹ֪Ҫôģ¥ǰ˵ķ¾ˡȿȣû뵽ϺͻȻϵ˻ȥʲôҲûһ
ͻȻĴͳһСƿװһЩ͵Һ壬ݸ˻µҪõģƿҩһ֮ǰ£ҩЧһһҹ
±ͻıЩ㷲ǰ͵Ҳ̫죬Ϻӷ˸ۣҪǲȥͱ˻첻ֹУ˶УôϣȻҷŶСŽȥĳ
ŽӹСƿӣϺȻôɴתˣȵûӲµͷƿҩġ
ţƣɽʲݡȷʵһⶾҩʹǻҲģΪ¥ɱֵһر漼ܾǽⶾܣÿɱִСҩݴģ˵ٶ֣Ƕѵ㡣
Сĵ㡣˵ûкͱ˻ҩҲûţֻǶһЩ¿Լʱ
һʹòҪȻѾˡЩǲҪ˾˵ĹŴȥ±ָˡ˵׼
׻˵˻ֻ˵֣Ͼһ͹ٳĽ紦ϺʲôɽҲ֪Щ¾Ҳء
ϺȻȥˡ賬ﲻһʹ賬˺Ͱ಻סЦˡ
Ϻ²Ƿ˰ɣԱ֮ǰǸˣСӱ˵ģôȥˣСסĵطûϺ𣿾˭ģ
Ҹġ賬һߵ˵
˺ͻȻһ㶡賬˵ܵ˵Ҳûʲôվֻһˣ˭ʲôϵ
ǣġ⡯ŰܡЦţ㲻ôΪǸĻƿɣϺǸɫĵ˸ʲô
ûǴĻһЩϺСҪó賬ͻȻ˵
ǲ⣬ǰͻȻһ
ػӵİϣͻȻͣһһ湫˳ȣκν˵ɣ硱ֵʱ
λֽСҡĹһ㶣תͷ򰶱ߵһˣʲôʱģ


82 ʱը

⼸ֽȥ˺üһԴ, ⼸Ȼûа賬֡Ƕڻ˵, ֻҪһջ, ƺͷͨСʱ˶ϳݡ
еʱҲԼǲʲô籾˺񣬻ʱһܵӰˡȻôᱻϳô죿˵ҲŸһѣһҲһô̤һ仨, 뱻˺谭ϳҲѵ㡣
ȻֵԳԺȺֺ˱ȷʵڻˮ, ˵Ǹ˵ѾһһٷˡԴŷ˻µһ¹֮ǾͶԳԺȺȵļƻ޷˵ִȥ
˵ԴͷҲȽ棬ȻԴһűֽ
ŴҲбֶֽ, 񱨺͹ٱ, һ㶼СӻߵһֽٱԺȲ, 񱨾ͺҪһЩ׬ǮˡĶǵĻӭ
һڵĽӱ, ͿŸָϵţ󲿷ֵĻ綼Ϥ, ˭ұˣĸ֪ǰȥЩڴҿʮĶĳȻʮĽһڽϳֵϵš
ҪдԼ˵ȫΪ, ʵеûţϾҲǵڻ¥֮һһ, Ŀȫ, ֻ˲֪ڳ˶šѡһЩ˵, ЩСûҶ˵־ôѵõĻ᲻˵ʲôЩ˷ˣ
عһԼйص֪ʶдƪĴŴйص¼ĸ˱ֽһڵıֽûʲôдģȻôˡ
ҳ˵ϣⱨֽľȻе𱬣ЩһļơȻŴıִֽӡͻǻŵС帺ֲ˹ʺ˵ĸо
ͬҲ˲˵עѹĳЦ˵ͷ⿿һܳԷ𣿡
ʹֳ˴ҵϣȷʵҲĳЩӡ̫һɷϵǣ˱ֽ

ҿеɰԳԺȺС¾ֻȥˣ֪۳ʲô𣿡ŵ
˵ôֻʱ˵׳ˡµ
ںصε¾Ÿղ˸flagҵflagпܻӦ飬Ϊֻ֪ȥĵطֻҵġ
Ϊ⻰㲻ĻӦ飬⼸ջ¶εػϣֻΪټյǸŮһۡʹȵɱʱҲܵõһϢлܼʱȼʲôġ
ԼֽŲɾҪдֽдšػɱġȫ춼Ƥµ״ϢİϢȥЩѶȡ
ϺݸǱⶾҩڵڶ͹Ȼó֪ŴϢнߵʿҪ¶ƿҩȻûκεֽš
ϺܽҲ̫çײģ˵ױֵĶֽţӦǷʤʭӶ˲ҧԲں
ʱ򣬻ºȻԶԶĿԱߵĻһһ赸ŵŮһվԱߵһ㶺ҲվµߣȥǱ߿
תǸ½촩һɫ·΢嵭ʱװſУƽԼ˵ĸо
ڽﲻĿһᣬͻȻתͷһղŹǲΪǸ
뻪½ƿǶ˼ˣҡҡͷ˲©һЦýͣҶ
磬㶮ʲôºȻԼп˵塣
ʵոֻ˼һ¡ŮĿǰ״̬ԣǷбȽϺƵһˡʲôŴ̼أ
йڷӻ᲻ȶڵ⻪»ܸ׼ȷĻشģľ飬ǰȷʵȶܶ࣬һ뿪Ծͻз裬˵ԭ
»жϣŮѾػϴ˺ܳʱˣôһֱûгʲô飬ӦЩԭġ
ȻˣͿġԭ򵽵ʲôºźȾƳԲˣкǸһֱڰһŵ˸һȾơ
ɣ˻ʶ֮ǰʶǸЩֵԽ
ģȴܸϹˣϾڻµġݡͬǻǵŵġ
µξδմ˵Ƕٺ˵㣬⳨ĻϺȾƶǼ˾飬һȾƣҲͽĿʼ
ԽòеȶˣԱߵŲͣ˵濴賬Ǹˣһб۾ˣͲϲ
Ŷ˸ƣԡ
ѽ˵˵֡ãԽͨĵ
û뵽ҲǸȶ˾׺˵ѽ´Աߵ˱Ѿơ
ŮǴʱ裬طϾڹŴֳģϯϸĸԼ˳۵ľֱӴˣһЩ˲ʰʰ׼ȥЪЪǸźŮϵǸˣû뿪òƻһҪ
Խ֮ƺһ㣬̾˿ûǮûֲ˼ҵͺ׻ı㿴˼ҵĻˡ
ºŶû˵ֻǾһʱ˵̫෴µģˡ
ϢһʱǶȥϢŻ´磬ǸźȴûһЩִǱ߿һۣǸվԭһЩŭ
˻Ŵŵÿôһ¡һ֧Ҫһȹǻ·ĵطȻֻһӣڸڡ
⻨½ֿ⽨ǽĵطֿǵ⣬Դϵġǽ󲿷һһɴģԶԶĿȥǻ·ĵطܿüӰӣܸɴָ
Ǹźǵһֱͬ⻻ǰֻһĵǸ˵Ŵϼªʵûа취
һִΧ˵ע⡪֪һж˵۾˹Ҫȥ㰡
Ͽ϶طĵͻȻϮһͷһԭԽװӣʵСĵڻ¶ߵ£˻ȥֵץСˣΪŮֵá
ֵطҲû죬˵һΣһλ֪ôءҡҡͷɻӡ
Խ˵Ķԡղһֱû˵Ҳ˿ڣ⣬£ûҪ
¿ĶˣҲϰˡ
¿һȦȻվ˻ĵ
ȥˣһܡǲȥһܵġ
վһʱ˭Ҳû˵ֻǾؿ뿪
³ǱȥʵҲе
еϷŮ涨ʱը

83 ˪Ů

´ǰȥʱ򿴼ǸѾ, ֱըĺ컹Ҫ˾Ķǡ
Ԥ조ը, ôĺ𣿻µĽŲ, ûκһ˵Ĳ
Լǹȥˣ֪ûˣԽԥһᣬţ, , ڸô찡
ʵǱҲûԶԱߵĴϾмŵػĻû㱳ǿģе㻰ȨãǸͨͨ, Ǳ˼Ǻ, ֳַҪץѱġ

Խɵˡ
˵𣿡תͷһ, ۾ΪⶼЩ졣
ԽһӾͱŸŵ, ૵Ҳҳ
´չȥʱǸŮһŮˣǸŮòӦ, һЦһֵ͵͵
ڸϽȥ𱹦Ҳǳ˵ã׵ģȻ²ˡ
˵õĲһŮѹŭ
ԱԽԽ, ŮѾе㲻ˣе, й벻ľľ顭Ƿס
Թϳ֡
Ҳô˵, ʵӦ, ⵽ǸʲôġǰҪȥקŮĸ첲ȴͻȻǯס֡
عͷ뿪˭ѵŮأȴڿ˺˲ɫϣԭλүүѽ
վﲢû治˼үҪûʲô¾Ȼȥ
ȥǣˡµ
۾ƳվŮղŻ¿ֺ񶼳鴤һ£ڻ¿ںȻסˡ
ԭүӢ۾İЦˣ֪һһеĹأһеĹؾģ۾ҪȻԴȥĵط䣿
¿𱣬ǮûСȫ¼ʮӣŸĻӾﴩԽ֮ǧĳȻֻһΡ
ҪȻﶯ֡
ǻҲǣȻһ
ү˵վӰⰡԱҲѾע⵽ˣģд⿴ֵģ¶µġ
Ҳ˲²⻪ǲʲôϾ½ȷʵһУԻʲôҪȷ糾
ֻǸŮһֱڰĿŻ¡
һԲȻӣǸɫ˲ͱˣүǸʲô
ֶǺģϾͷ߽˾Ͳ٣˵׼ʲôʱͻˡ
Ա˲м׳վȴһֱӣԱмҲڶ￴ֻµͷӣҪܣǰһССĿק
ǿǺɫģӦģָֻ״С͸Ź˭˵ǿһʶûС
°Ӹˡ
ɫĽӹ񣬷ĿһۣȻȻס
ڳֻм˿˻ĵʲôһѵõ񣬺ڵûһ˿ʣҲʶˡ
һ޼ۡ
ϣү˵㡣˵ͶԱߵŮ˵˪ȥźλүɡ
ǸŮ𱳯Żһƣ⧲˻£¸оӴƤһƬԼ硰ʱ򣬺ҲĸƵġ
ŮߣԱ߿۾ֱˣ˭ҲûΪʲô¸һС۵Ĳеֱӷˡ
ֱͦ˲ӳǰ濴ûﵽǸʲôΪ߬ġʱ֪ԼۣǰͷСôľˡ
һʱ̫ҵϣ˵߼ۼˣֻ¥ڸӵܺǧҲÿһμ˵Ŀ
´ŮߣŮĺһ춼ûУСĵ߰ɡ
㵽׸ʲôʣ³˼۾С˵ܡ
شԲ⣬ʱ˿ҲǼȥĺʱקԽŻͷҲص뿪˻
һ·ĥӲݵʻǵʲôȻ˵ǿʵ¥ġīӡȫֻһһ֡
¥īӺˣֱˣīΪСûӣҲûҷϣһֱš
γǰĻʲô飬ʱī˵еþʹ˳ȻֵطҲ벻һ¡
аɣҲްɣӸһ꣬ҲʼգһŮӵסܻд˵ȵʽײ
Ȼ滪¾ʲôȥǻ˵һҲͱ죬ٶʡ
ǸŮԴһֱĸŻ£ȻܰŮֱӴھסǸջȻϱ˿»ýֱ͡סһҿջﵥ˸䣬˼ǮһʱЪŵĵطȻ͸ɿŮֻۡ
Ůòһ仰ϲ˵¾δЩΣǵ⼸ЪžͺãҸӣԺȥӪɡ
˵ͿŮͷҲû
ֵӻǲҪȥˣܵĻҪһ㣬΢Ŭһ¡
˵˺󣬷Ůǲ֨ټ˵ȥԼˡ
ºȻ̾˿ãȻ˸ưͣǰ׷ǿīˣȻԼôɣǺôҲǸ䡭Ƕһλѡ˵ôȥûͦԲ˼ҵġ
תҡҡͷߣʱȴȻһ仰硣
ͻȻһ㶡
Ҽ㣬֮ǰڴϡŮ˵
һҲܿ߰ĸûƵģҲˣȻϵó
æԱߵӿһۣ⻰ŮµóԲ˶ˡ
øǸīӡŮ仰һڻͻͻģԽͣīĽͲˡ
꣬˵ٺ˵ɱ㡣ŤͷŮòƱܿµ˵һ䣬һṦˣŮӴڿŻԶȥӰǳĬĲһԡ
һĻص˿ջǽ˿˵ˣŴ·;ʡ˲£˰ٲñ˴ҲҲż֣ѽòÿ

84 װ

ͦõ, ˭Ľʶһ䡣
šҵĽһࡣ
𶺣ҼǵĽӵġЦŵ
ҵĽ, ȥʱˡŵҲҪƵġ
ģ¾öԷ¿ȥһȦּﶼƵĽеãͬĽôһãֱŹƵġ
һƴϦϦŹԱ, ҲʹеĽô£ǾȻûһ˸, ෴ҶЦĲ˵ʲôһֱʶ´ŸйأǼȻҲ˵ҲͲˡ
ػӵҹʮֵ, ǸŮִĵطһƺ̣кܶණܱϺܰ, ڿ̫ãԴ󲿷ѡӶҹϵȼ˺ܶ໨ƣʱʵġ, ڰһһ仨ʢںϡ
ʹЩС, ɺܶࡣ
ҴŰĹ, һµ˳־һŮ, ÿ˶˵б۵, ڴϺȾƵһ֮Щź˵иܺÿŮģû뵽ԷȻˡ
Լ˱ƣ˵뿴ǸŮ裬˵ǸŮòֹĴϣ˺ܳʱ裬ȴĪʧˣǾ˶˵һҹŮһֻ־ػϼ˵Ƕһ޶˳Ŵ˹û뵽¡
ʵҵǸŮҲܸʲôϾǸŮҲʶ磬ֻλںȾƵġҡõŮôʱ裬˵ʱҪһ㡣
ʲôӵġ
ҡǰʮˣҲ£ǺļԿ˵һΣ
Ĳᣬǰѱ˵ԱϴһѾ㹻ˣҲеΣ뵱Էһֱͷβ仰û˵ӣҲ֪ǲΪԷͲ֪ýʲô
ʵ˵֪Էʱﻹ˺ܾãΪ¼ֱ˵ˢۣڴ֮ǰûԭ˿ڴŮ˵·ʱ˿κġɽϳ飬ͻȻеֵζ
ߵʱҲû˵Ҫɱֻǰˣ˵ǲǶࣿ
һһɱΪʲô㡰ҡһֱûΪһԶա
žƣͻȻǰոչȥһ˫۷죬סһ¾Ʊĸȥ

һֱػӰߣװΪʲô˭Ҳ˵
Ϊǽͱġ
һϲ
ŵƻԻ͵ػӰ̾˿ǸȦףѾˡ
ɵ㡣ŻµļҪ̫ţЩֻΪ̫Űûġ
ҽž;ңǾӦһֱң˵εĵǺ֪˻ܣڵط˾νˡ
ô˵𡣡Цŵģôܻ˵أһϷѣ˵㻹ȥôһǲǿ˵㣿
ûŵѹϷΧ硪Լɺͷɣɲģʽȫõ߲ȷʵǱȽϷȵص㣬ϴxĸˮƽδ󲿷ֶһػȻǲ֪ܲģԽڵصһЩҪͽͷǺһϷ׷
ʳһ⣬ΪʲôһҪҡܵˡأһ˶ûϢȥǸ𣿡
ľŵΧӳȥǶûӰϾֻڲ֪ҪǴȥᱻǰ̫ЦġЦĻµļ㻹̫СˣγֵĿǽͷ֪ͷĵλֵӹмˣ¾Ҫˡ
ĬĬ˵֪ĵλ𣿵ûˣúᵱ£ҲԼ¡ŻԱ˵֮ͱֵԽÿԽãǴȥٲõʱװǸͲóһ;Գɹˣ־
˵ǸʱĻ¾ǸʲôӣֻܲͣϹȻƿĬĬس߹ȥѰ˼Լװ˸Ǹôװ
װˡеѶȣⱲӻϱûװҪô죿ﺬһѪ𣿻±һ¡
ػӵҹ׼ʱҲ׼ʱĻһ·Լõĵط
ǳ֣ΪһҹУƽＸŵСҲвڼ˵³棬֮⻹СվڽֵСһĶϵŮǽֵĻҲʼȺһѰòֽŵǣвСȥǺҲֺͦÿ
ʹëë꣬ΧС
ʱŪ㶯쳹ػӰҶʿ˵ǿµսʱٻѣϧǸԽǺԽ
ʱһɫ·ͷϴһɫķڣһѺɫֽɡΧÿһһڿӱߵСϡ
ܿʼ֮ǰ²˺ܶ࣬ʽʼʱһԥûеģΧŵ˶ɴ۾վĻ¡
翴һ㶼ŰԽһ˵ŵǣ㻪ͦĶŵģ˾ԲẦ£رȡ
˵ſԽŵ˶ͳһһ״磬˧ĹٷŷıһȥرƣüţšȻճҲڰжģˢڸеʱȻҲʰһЩڻµ߱Ȳе
賬Ҳˣһ͵͵ĶŻ£Դ챻ͷ֮ʵһ㣬ǱЩʲôͲ֪ˡ
Ŭʣʹڽֵ棬Ҳôһ۾ϳʵ֮ǰŸοһ£˵ǵĽ϶ЩСġֽšû²Ҫ£ʲôСֽҲû˵¾Ǻ˵֮ģǾҪʱϵǸȵЧ
ţԱ߼͵͵Żµ˶˵ͷڱֵȷʵǺܺãʱȴֳһˣʣϺȥˣǸҪ𣿡
һֱڿջˡһ˱Ϊѵĵ˵Լҩ˲⼸춼ˡ
ôƫƫҩˣ׼õ˸ϽȥЩգֻܰ˰֣õ˲ȥˡ
ĽֵͻȻһȣ磡˷׷תͷϵҲͣȴûһתͷȥ
ڵˡеһȺŹٷˡ
Ⱥһɢӣ־ͺһƬֻǸվȺС
ŵˣеֽɡ

85 

ͷΪѹˣȻϳ, վһ߸ۿµһһ, ҲδһЩҪ۲һ»¾ʵ顣
ڰҲ˸طվ, һ, ס·ͬ˼ҲɢȺ
ɡˮĿʼʪ˻µ·ȻӰ쵽, ܵ˵Ƿǳɵġ
ֺͨվǲһ, ´ʱҲʮֵĵÿһ赭дȴ·ϵĲ£ſ䶼ܱ˦ƮƮġ
ͨ˵ǿܿʲôֻǾû´ĸĺÿ, ԭʱΧ˶Ӧɢ, ǲ֪ΪȺȻۼŽԶԶĿš
Ҳܶһֱֻվ, ǰԶԶģֲǿ
ʵϸϸС, ټϽֵĵƻ𣬾ȻһĻ, ȻûӰͼʲô, ·ڳһƬģ嵫ָ˵ɫ, ԶԶĿţȻͽײ죬ȴǼžһƬ
Щ˵ǰһĻĵǵĵطԼҲֻ֪Ǿ޷ƿ˶ڶŻµӰһʮ泩ĸоĻŮ̧ͷʱշ·Ҳﶨ
ȫ˾Ȼǻ簡ʱûȥŸпܸϸĹ۲쵽Χ˵ķӦĿǰ˻ŮˣѾⳡݡ֮УǴվһֱȥĸоֻҪ²ߡ
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Ǹܳɫķӡ
׼ȷ˵òɫΪѾһĸ塣֫壬ı飬ķλֳ
Ը񾿾жôĲбЩĿǰΪԼڡȫ˵˻ʹ¿Ŭ˼άʽȥ˼ȥչԼķ񣬵ǿȴܵһӵ۹ȥΪˡһص⣬ͬ޷ԵĶ
ǾϵָܸȾ˵С
šٿ㣬ӦǹһٶȡͷҲĴĶһֱӦֻΪչ˰ɡ
˵һڰһˣ֮Ը̫Ǻ׻ñ˸оǼٵģǱʵĲͬһ곪̨ȥ˺׾ͻֳᷢԾȻͻʶǼٵġ
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ŵĶǺԸϳһ壬ǲľáⲢ֣ԸӵĶ͸
ڻµĴ£ԽԽ˷·ǡ߽ˡһϴɱֺͷӵ˫ӡǸ䡰ƫִˣƫִһ¡
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»ѾŵܶණˣͷԼҲòϣʱɻᱻԷȥԼһʼĿġ
ҲҪѹһѹͷһͷ˲䣬оȻһ˿ᣬʮֵһ£ͬʱҲľˣ˻Σ
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Ļ䣬ȻһƬڣϴһƬ

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򡱵úúõ, Ҫ˵ʵĻЩƣ, ͷѾ, ϾһżʮˣȻõǻɱԼ, ҪĻ, Ҳû˼
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±Ϊͷŵˮ, ûСȫ̶˿һһ۾ھһ˶վԱߣĶԼȥ
ڵĸоЩ, һ˵ζҲȴ񲻴һ, ˸ˡ
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ͷȷʵǳ¶˲ܱ˽гֵĵز֮ǰ˵ԽôʹҲʲô̫£仰˼
ڽͷֵ˲ͱкܶ˶۽ΪʲôǺܾöûл
ڽͷԼ˵ʵǱ˿Ҫʵսͷģ֪ԼϽľϣڳʱ˿û档
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ԭرģһ˶˾
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һãȻĽͷƺǾָЩԾͼһСΣһѾ͸˵ĵС
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ϺһԸʮˣź΢ʵһ󣬵ԲǸʵˡ
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ýͷԼͷƤǣʱǸ˾ȻЦŵģЦ⿴ȥмֺÿģһֺЦ
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Ǿ仰ʵֻĻ˵ŮͻȻǵõʲôһ㣬ŻµϰȥǱߴ̽һ¡
£ţ̽ʲô
Ȼ»ûһķӦĿһŮ֮Ավһ欵Ůˣһ룬ǸŮ˶Ż΢΢һЦȻһתʧԭء
Ṧֱ
һŮԻµģŰʱͻˣȻϢһ°ɣϢһϾͻ㱨ġ
£
ȵȣ㣬Ҫ㱨ʲô

89 ҵİ

ģ
ϵţʮֵ, ʵĻŵһȡ
˻Ȼи˳, õ˶ô, ȷʵѾΧػ, ڻֻѰû뵽Ҫϻǰ˵һŵ˺͵͵ˣŶǸͨ, ûʲôرҪˡ
ãȥɡ˵
һȺʶǶԷʶ˺ʵ˵ԮҾ˻Ѫ
ڵǶʵ˵ԮЩȫʶҲ㲻ھôһ£һǱ߾֪֪ʵ㲻Ȼͷͱһ, ܵϸô졣
ʵȫԸ, һ뵽ϱǸȷѪӾ;ͷ, ӵٰȻ, ٻطԣ
˼ŵʱ, ͻȻֽһŮ, ʻ£ֵķз, һ˵Ҫô죿
ţʶĻص, ȻзǾȶɡȶһ˵
кܶ˶ˡǸŮ˵, Ѿ̫ʱˡ
ǲﰡʡ
Ǳܾ, ˴֪ǵĴڣƾʲôǸŮ˵ֻ̻֮ܲأ··ûСǰҪþС˼ơһŵˣֻҪͬ⣬ʱؿػ˶֪ǵĴڣ

ͳһ´ҵ뷨ĬĬ˿ڿˮĿǰҪҲ򵥣΢˵ӣпܾͻΣա
ֲ˾䣬ҲκΣա
Ůһᣬ˵ͷת뿪˵һ˲䣬¾;ԼҪ̱ˡ
񰡣İ

绪¶Լھʲôط岻һŵЩ˶ԽĿǰľҲе岻
Ƿһ飬ѰҵĹһֵƺڸǵжǲԳ֣¶棬ŵ˾ḻֲܶĴڡ
ŵ˰ѽѰһ飬ǽ͢ΰѰЩ˵仰˵ϲ֪ʱȻôһӴضصļ֯Ϣŵ˶һ亹
ǰ˵Ϊػûʲô̫ķգԲ˻ģǰӿǾȻ֪״ֻ̬ǻ¡ײŪġ
Դ˽˽ʱ֯ȻʶʲôһʼԼٶ
ٶʹɳȥȫ޹
һǰ֯һҰĲĸо˭֪Ȼһ֮ͻȻǻһһһּٶ˻ȥ˲޴֡Ѿ򱾲ԮϾҪˣҪͷԷȻ¶档
ǰ˶˾裬ҿʼĸ¶֯ۡ
ȻĶ̫Ŀǰ֯쵼һǸǳҽթˡġͬ뷨
ЩһһεĽ涼ں̵ܶʱڷģܿȥºܶ࣬ʱҲȥ졣ǰԮҲһŶԲߡ
Щ֮һȽˣ￴ǳеһ
ôҲˣæҹû۵ĽͷʣȻ˵ĴվΣԽͷѾû˯ˡʣ㲻ʵʵȥǱߣʲô
Ǳߴû˼߶氡˵һСľŪ˸ϴû˵֯ˣԾ͹
ѾʧˡûдĻԱһ˵˶֪δ˼
ǵ˼ǲˣԱߵҲúҲҹûˣһը״̬˸ƽһ£תͷʣ˭ﶼ֪𣿡
ΰǶ˵֪¡һСĵ˵˵һȺ˵ҵ
˭
ϵġ˵ϵϢͨ㣬һȺרµģʱ򶼻ȺŮǴƬطǵϢ¥Ҫͨ
ǴͨĴԾţԺַʽһԭ
ŵ˾ôҪȥһЩ˵Ϣʮͨġˣֻһ⣬վ˵ҪһǸص֯
Сһ㡣ͷһǲʲôΣյġ
˽ҡ˰֣Լһȥˡ

´ʱ淢
ʵطͦõģˮʱƯСƣǻԼŵòУĸоǵػŵǸ֯ʲô֤ݣǵС
ģһȺСܸ裬ż̸¶ĶѾû½ܲˡ
ǸʻҪҪػϵ˶֪ǵĴڡʱ´ľ죬̾˵˲ܡ
Ȼַʲô¾ȫ֪ˣΪǸҲû¾͸̵ķһԡ
ĿǰػϻһƬž֪Լػϣһϣֻ뿪ˡ
Ķ²֯Ӧöǡӡ⼸ŷֲǡ
ֻһǷӣĶˣЩӺǾȻгһ
缸Զ޷飬ССĻϾȻôʵˣȻҲгͻڴ󲿷ʱ򶼻ᱻѹȥȻҲͱһƽ
ԣһ׶صƶȣֽܹȻͬǺƽദġӡǶҪһЩҲԷӵͬиһЩֵķΧַΧԭ򣬿һʱỪ޷Ūˡ
̽Ѱܵʱ򣬺Ȼһ˹ӽ첻һȺҪһЩϢҪǽ𣿡
ӽǸͻȻͻȻ뿪Ůˣһֱû֪æʲôء
һ㶡
ԣȺ˻иʮĵط֪ΪʲôᶨƵǸˣҶ϶رסǻסдһ¡
¾Լж
ʱѾ˴ˣΪ׵ĵһѪ˿ţӺĻһ㶣ûӦԱߵĹȵôһ仰˵ͳ˽ǲ̫ˣ
˼ͣһ£ĵֻһ£֪ػǰʧ˵ȥ𣿡
仰󣬾ʶĿӺǸòƵˣҲһӺͶԷӡ
ﾲؿţĬĬرĳһ仰
λ硭areŪɷأ

      90 

      ŵЩ ʵղ¥µ˲ Ӳģ ΪԿһŮˣû뵽ֻһ һǸˡ
      һӺ濴ʶľͰӺ˵ԼҲԼΪʲôô ʱôֵ˰
      ŶĻˣǼųȻҲһ ÿڣ ÿ˵ڼӺǸʱȴֶˡ
      ˭Ҳû뵽¥ϾȻֻһˣ û뵽⻨ϾȻвǿ˺͹깫ˡ
      Ǹ˿һᣬ ƺǲΪʲôһ ˿ʵ˵鵽һʵԼҴˣԶ˵Ǹߡ
      һ£˵Ҫ˭Ӻ˿˿ڣ ʮֶأ һʱһ㶣 Ϊһ˲ΪǸŮ˵
      ǱȽͣ ˵У ˿оβһ˹ȥ
      Ǹ˳࣬ž΢΢Щ죬һ˿˵Σա
      ʹż˴ˣʱҲɵһ£ظһ飬ҡ磬ǰЩػϳֹǸ
      
      Ӻİζӳ£ⲻղǸŵ绰ҵ绰Ĺ£ôΪڻһֱΪŵ˹ͱ
      Ƕ̬ǿӲģΪܾöԷӦûʲôϵȻɵİǰѽչʾͷת˹ȥǸˣǾȻȥɡ
      Ϊʲô׷ʣ֪𣿡
      ӦѾػˡ¸ϹȻǲƽʱ˵ģԸɴ˱ˡ
      ô֪ģż׷ʣµЩϢȻȫ㣬㲻ҵĻټҡ
      ʵôŵˣû׸ôȥǡһ뵽Щ˰˳ֵ͸ˣֻžŪߡ
      һٲúͻزȥˡ¾Щꡣͷһһһֱסȥĵطš
      żԷش֮Ͱͷתһȥƺǲ˵ӡʱһ߿ŵŮץסᣬֱӸɴİǼȫ˳ȥŵ⻹е¡
      ǲСһطһֵˡȻ󡭡ֱˣ
      ´ͷβԵЩϣżֻǸˡںӺ棬˵ǳᣬȴִ˿º͸УΪʲôŻ˵ôʱ仰ԭ
      ˣŶ˵ġѾػϡϢǺģȻػϣȥأ
      ¼źеģԱߵŮܲܳȥһ᣿ԱߵŮһж·ͶңָˣǰһҪǵûҩͰ˳ȥ
      ֻһ㶼СһŻ´Сϻ˳ȥСϵĶһӦȫϵʳµҩ
      СƮȥ˺ԶڴҲûзӦ
      ԭǱ𣿣
      լĻͻȻһش֡
      ȵȡʵҲΪʲôʶľ;Լˣǻ˵Щ˲ץΪʲô
      еãȻĿػӵˮ棬յӳ棬ִˮ棬һһĲơ
      ںƮƮţ¾ȻͿŵˡʶô㿪һξŷػϾȻȫѰˣΧ㣬˿ϱѪػӺŵ١
      Ǻǿġ
      ֻ·˼˺󣬻·ǾȻûҿɫҲǶԴӷ֣Щ굣֮⣬û΢һ¡
      ЩСĻǲԼǹȥ͵͵Щ˵ıģʱǵıЩԾȻôһ˿˿СġԴǰ֮󣬻µһҸʿ⾿ôһ£ǲʲôᡣ
      Χŵ̫ˣôһṦ˸һϡԿóԴŵ֮󣬻˲٣вٻֱӹˡԻϵҲûʲôˡ
      ƣ˿ûãòҲûȥˡʱ⼸ˣһ뻪һξĵطҲڰĺžơ
      һʼûԷǺȻʶЩԣ̧ͷ΢˶ԷһۡļҲһԼʵʵģһ˵ѩ׶ȴ©һС㣬ڶλãΪǰ׵ģǵۡ
      µǱƲźһ룬ͻȻԱߵ˵ˡ
      һڣǱ߼ںȾƵҲͷת˹
      Ͼһ˵ĿзŮ˵ʮֵһ¡
      ´ʱҲ֮٣Ͼܹͻôڷһ㻹һֱܲװưͰɣ
      뿪Ļƿ˳ȥںȾƵǼһ˺Ȼղ˵ǲе֣
      е֡ҡûˡ
      ˿ϵĲоƣԼҲ˾Ʊ
      ¹ߵķɿ죬±ļ˿ʲôûʲôӦո˿ͺȻ˽վס
      Ҳֻͣʵͦεģ˭֪ʱȻ¡
      վ˺ܶණֻһ̾Ϣ
      Ϊʲôô죿ҲйôһΣʱĽδ¶ǸУʱĵȷȷǸӣһǿ
      Ǹʱǲ̫ұ¶ԼݵģʱĽΪŵˣűһèϷ飬ڵҲࡣ
      תѶժŻµ³ĬһҲأ
      ǿ¾͵Կ㳤ʲôˡ֪Ϊʲôܾγźץһ㡣
      ±Ψһһˣȴû취ͳ
      ܾһοǲˣΪ϶װķʽѽˡ
      
      ʵղźͽһȾƵǼ֮оֻнһ׷ˣ˶ֻص˿ջŽҲƣ˻ȥʵ˵ҲһˡȥѾˡ
      ߱۾ϢʱͻȻԱ߼ոջ˵һ˵ֹܶصˣһ͵۾ʣ˵Ǹˡǲ˵رŮˣ
      ԣô֪ģǼתͷȵĿ
      ոջĽͷҲʶתͷ˹˰£ͻȻһ
      ȥ֮ǰ˵ǸϣûŮˣֻˡ
      Ű컹ûʲôֵģʱͻȻӦ˹һ亹
      һôһȫ޹صˣΧŮ˶ô
      ô
      ǸȥЩ˵ܸһһоˣ˳ɲʲô򵥵˰ɡ

91 ֵ

ŵĻһʳ, ȫһ, ͷ, ղŸȥ׷һм
ֻнһȥʴʵֻżȻһȥȾƵģһֱǵж, ҲѾϰˣѹûҪһȥ
ղϽһȥͷԱ߼, ŸղŵǸϸ˹ȥ

ºͽڽţûˣ˻ûõ, ¶֪Լܴܲù, ʵ˵˸Ӱ̫, ҽȷʵ
ΪºԼҲ˼һ, 籾һֱΪǸ̬, Ȼǡһ˵ܹﵽ̬ĳ̶ȣ˵Ǹ̬˰ɡ
ʵʱ¾;ý̬֮ʵԻ·Ҳ˵˲ʵǿ˼ʽҲͬ֡
ʵҲûΪ㣬֪ҿһˡһߵĪǳ̫ѿ, Բ˿
˵ѿ¾ԻǰȥԼ, ˰ɡν˵ʲô, ò˶С
ʵڵӸϽһԼҲʶˡϲӴЩѰ˲ͬˡ
, ˵ĸоֲ˵Ļ¿νϲġ
ղ˵ǻδ뼤ŭ, Լɴ
ˡΪʲôԷ֪Ǹױòŭأ
ΧûʲôˣŻ¹Ǹﶼ˦˺Զòˣ۾ΧɨһȦҪҵʲôܹõϵĶ
һȦûɨ꣬ǰѾƷ
ģȻСĻ
¿Ѿ˹ֻݷһУź˺üĽ漸ǲ첲ȥġ
ԭΪǱҪģû뵽һɣ̽̽˻µɴָѾˣû»ð亹æһ
Ҫ˵ʵѾ˳𣬵Īľǲý֪ǰأͷɴ˾ǰʶĻ¡
һɣʵѾȫˡ
ƺҲ֪ж㣬Գʤ׷ϵĽɴһֱûͣ۶Ҫˡ
ֻ˼¾Ͱв״̬϶ܹú˵ĳˡһлԷͻڵϴĳ档
뱻˰ڵϴԴԽһֱûʲôϽģǺôҲû˴̫ҹ
еʱѾǿԼļԷˣܶʱǿԼıܡܾȥվᱻһ
ʱܸõİ취ѶԷ˵ýٸҶ֡
һֱſ϶ǲеģܻڳ˶Ҳû취֣ǽƢǲẦһһֱŵˣǸܴܲš
ʹһӹˣ´ʱ˵Ĳ
ʱǺװձģ˵ոñܶܵĻ¡ǰһʱϰԵװӱܶԷķ裬һѾˡ
ڸøǰ¥ʱ򣬻»һܸ·Ӻ񾭲ķװһ񣬻߸ɴװһĴ
ĸ·Ӻ񶼸װûһغ϶ȡ
껪ڸոմԽ򲻹¥ʱ˵Լ򲻹ǻỻӡ˵
һЩԵﵽԼĿģʱҲһ̫˵£Ͼ˱ƼʲôĳʱʮоŸܱ»סʣµһͿԼܲͦȥˡ
ұ۲ʱµĴ򶷣һпϾʱȻڵĴʲôʣǰһܹͷ˵β춼ͣģǰѶԷ˵Ժ˲ɡ
ͬһʼ´ɱˣ˵ԼңֻǻڶԷصʱװһ˵ӣŶԷȻ̾һ
ʱ˶Լӻµֵ¼һ̫죬һ˻һ鷳˼ҵڶΣԷһλ鲻ֱӿˡ
濪ʼķչ𽥱˻¶еһ֡ڶݡʦڶΪƽ¿ڶȫΪ˲鷳鷳
˵ڡ
֪ԼǺ±¶ԼöԷϳǻ£Բô˵ȫһ·˶ԼװһƵģ
иվԱ߹ۿһýĽֱǳ뻯ˣôһԱ¾ԵЩˣΪʼնûгֻ֣ǵڶ㡣
⻰˻µĿо;Բˡ
𽥿ʼϷһʼĲҳֶϽǾܳˣֻҶţ½ҲŪеߣΪӽĶѾԽԽˡ
ƴĻǿ϶ˣƴṦȻΪֵľṦûȻýĽҪɵĶ࣬ʹϴˣҲᷭ
ȵҲоЩ۵ʱͣվԶĵطؿ
ʵҲֻΪʲôһֱֻ֣ڶ㣬Ҳ˲Щˡ
¼û㣬Ҳû뿪վﾲؿûƿңҲĪĲֱˣ)
¿Ž˵ǲֵģȥɡ
ôһӣȷʵеãȻģΪϡǵøղŹͱ˵ӦڶǸеôһֱһ
ãȻĸоû룬ˣ˲ֱ
һոոϵˣŵЩṦϹٶҲǷɿ죬Ըսβ
û˵ЩˣϢһº̳˹ȥĽʮǿƣǶǸ˻ȫ̶ڶ㣬ܡ
ϾԸһֱϲֱӴģ˻ǸһֱŵˣշΧ
˵Ǹ˻һֱ߶ţڻȥĻһܶЩ֮ģ书ȷʵҲ˶ˡ
ǹ󿴼˻£ȷ϶ԷȻڴϿǸˣʱ˵඼
֮ǰžͲ²⻪ǸУҿͻһһ͸ĽţỪۺʱܻˣվһΥ͸жûС
ǸرˣСһ㣡ź
±û뵽νչȻ˳һȻԼˣ˲侫
ǸӵãȻ
ûö
ȵȣѵ˵ղһֱ׷ŴʵǸ
ԷǸرˣ
˿£ԷӰڶ¿壬ϵȷʵһͲʲôССϺ
֪ϷҪȫף뿪֮ǰĿ˽һۣξˣ´Ρ
Ļδвиǿ˵תʧ˵ǰ
ǵĴӰÿ˶£ֻнãȻġ
֪Ϊʲôôμܣ۵һΡ
ǸղǸΪʲôأǽ벻ͨһ¡
ڻȥ·ϣĳѧ״̬

92 ˽⡰

ѧĽһֱȥû⾿ô, Ȼû, ԽԽ
һǸصˡ˭, ˳ŶԷǸ֯boss˼·˼ôһԽ͵ӭж⡣͵±ûǵ˶еϸ˼ּ
ǽڻϴ˷ţʱһ룬ʱȷʵǶͻȻȥΪееġ֪Ϊʲôû̫ƽ, Ҳøõʱ
ôһž͸һּһĴȻͿʼҲĳѧ˼֮, һʱһƬʮֵѧ
ԱߵЩ˵û˽Ӵľ۸ĵǽŴ˿Ļ˵, Ѿػˡ仰ʲô˼
϶֪Щʲô
Ǿ˵ڻţû
ŵ˵Ⱦϲϲǻ¾ȻĻ, ǻһֱڶû, ṩ鱨˶Ĵָǡ硱֡˵ǿԼαװݻġ
ҡҡ׹ȥʮֵΣ, ֻҪûб¶, ŵ˾͵ȥˡ
ʱҲеûй뷨, ڶȥˣԼʹ֮ǰй뷨ˣʱҲѾ
ŵ˶ԴЧȻǷǳߵ, һʱ, Ҿ;̽ϢҼʹҲ, ڳй֯ϢҲǸ¡
һʱ䣬ص֯Īҿ춼ǣ˴˴˵ҡ
λ֯ͷ족ᡱˣʱǵġӪװС
»ȥľսģô￴ˣԻȥͿʼװ˯ڼĳӽ㡱ŮֻһΡ
װ˯Ļ±ȵĴͷβһ̸
˵ɽѾ㶯ˣСĵ㣬ҪⱩ¶
ɽɡȷʵ˴δѲ飬롣ҲʼԻɽ˵ģ˼߽ȥȻʱ绹̫ҲûΪʲôͻȻ˴󶯸ɸꡣ
¥Ҳˣԭ˵ڶر˴⵽۵ϣǡ
ۣε¥ӰˣڻûӳǸλϵľ˵ⱲӼʹûˡ硱ЩҲ
ŵһҺǰͰ˽лˣȻ⼸˵Ļ¡ǸŮЩҵ˵ȼ֮
ڴϵĻ͵۾ûУûȼ֮ϱûҲһֱܸţû㲻Ҳ൱аԵ
ô˵ѹô󰡣
ʵʱѾĵˡԭΪֻǸͨС֯ˣôһ£
ɽ£¥£ŵ£иղŮ̸۵£ÿһ¶ܻһպ󼸸ڽдڸе¡
Щ¶ʲôر£ƫƫôһС¶֯йأôһͺˡ
ȻҲóϣ֮ڶԽĸ·鱨ô˽⣬ʵ󲿷ֻҲֻǸ¥¥ľߣ󲿷ֵ¥ڶˣһʱڽϵ鱨ȷʵջ񲻶ࡣ
¼ǵõӳֻΪ˶պ¥ˣӿɺãȻӳˣǺֵ˸
˯šĻòʮֲȵ˺üŮע⵽ͼСǸǵŮˣʲô𣿡
Ум˹ˡ
ӳ˼һ룬ô˵ģ
˵Ѿ뿪ػˡ
ԭ𣿡ƺ˵Ȼ˵п콻ֵµ˶ô˵ŵ͸Ѿ뿪ػˡ
ŵĻ£
ǸԻ󲻽ġȻ򡱺͡пʲôͲ˵ˣǲ
Ϲȥ鱨ͳһھˣǲͷ֤鱨ǶԵ𡭡ȻˣԺŵȺҪô죿
ʱĻãУãвһεĻ˰ٲãȻڰٲõ˵ڶ֪µľᣬûд硣
ҲڳĹϡ
ЩӶϢķԴ󲿷˶ػϾʲô»ЩãȻ
ַһЩЧ˱ʮԽǱԽҪ̽ڡӪһ
ĿǰϢȻѾػˣϾΪôصƺܻġѪںûˢɾء˷·ڴһ漣漣ҪƽĹ¸ϲġ
ıһЩ˶ڷӵۡĲܸܵ
ʵϷǿ϶ǻģǻҲۣϵӵȷò⡣
żҲ£ΪĻǲҲȥػӣԲôʱûԴ˻ͦԺеģǿԼڸ˵ʲôһ
ȻһжԼµġ
һڸ˿أ⼸һֱãԷԵøǣԭ⼸ٲ˼ûҲĻ죬°ٲǰҲϼ¹µı轵һߵҩһߵҼǵջСڵʱҲûʲôЩôֻأ
㻪翴žͳȣ㡭ƺǳĬһ룬ĬĬػ˸˵˵ʽžͱȽϻá
һؼȥвУҽҵɼʦſվţҿĸµĻҹʮֲ
ʦǿԣǺµʱ˶ûиˡһ̧ͷδʢȻˣ˲˷ܵ˹ȥʣմˣôˣʲô𣿡
ˣЦûˣ˵Ҳû̫ɻ䣬ⲻ¸硭ؼ𣬽еСˣ뿴ػǱߵ¡
Ҫ˵һ涼ûˣ¾Ͱ㼤мĵͻƽʱһ춼˵һ仰ˣ˭ܼǵ˭˳ҲǸӵģ˵涼ûɣϲŰѽܸ˼Ҵһʱ䣬ǿѪͶˡ
Աͱһ¡
ʹʱʢҲƺҭһ¡˵Ļһʱ·ˡ
ΪȻĻʵȫ෴Ҳе
׶ôϲһѽ˴ʮӵǸַſ񵽲һġ硱ȻľһֱڰٲĬĬţʱһĻأ
ʵػӵ֮һֱûµʱǸʲôӣΪԷһֱǸº͵Ļµġ
αҪجġиѾڵ׼ʢͻȻѿеĻ˻ȥҲ֪ԼΪʲôͻȻת˸׿ڸɡ
ӦáİɣʢһֱԻ֮Σʹʱ
ȴոշ˴ϵһܣ˵̻֮ϵһܡ
⴬ϵ˺ͷܹദȫΪǺǣ˰ĸ㣬ֻΪЩӺ֮ٶôϵ
еķӺ˹ϵĸŮӣеһӳ£ǵ껪¿Ĵɽӳһ

93 

±ż翴ǱߵһĸŮ, ôͨһĸŮ, ϸĿͻᷢ˵һЩͬ
Ůúܺÿ, ǸͦɰСӡĸҲúܺÿ⻨ϵɼŮһƯ·ͷϴżֻӡͷ, ͷһССĺ룬ЦŸǸСŮ˵
ôĻ˵Ҳг, ǻſǸĸ׷衣ʵˣҺԱм˼ʱסûʲô
⻨ϻҲ˲ٴ, ÿο鶼ЩͬЩ쿴ִϵ˶ϰߵģÿˡڿӡʱ˳һ, ʱ򶼻һѡ
Ǹĸ׿˻, ΢΢һ£ԱߵСԻ¾˸, Ȼ첽뿪ˡ¿һҲ, Źϡ

ڻڲĻܿ֯Щͬһ, Ƕ˵ֻܿ֯Ӳµһ档
⼸ջڼĲ, ǹ֪֯黹١
֯µһȴӳ˵
⼸յѲжԷһֱǲȡ̬ܵ, ֱ졣ƺǸ֯Ҳʼŵĵòͷ, һССġ档
ųļڳŵİʱھͲӰӣĴѰ޹һֳŵУȴǱͻġ
ǼÿƺǱŵ˵ӣʲôҲ˵˺ܾòŻ˹ǾǾʲôŻᱻųӵģһйǾ¾ͻᷢȫûа취ǵĿʳʲô
Ǵֻʱǵ뷨ḻĽͷǴǵĿԼԼһʡӡ
ӡ
ʱĽͷ˲ʶʲôֹΧ˼ȥҺýͷḻȻֶ
鵽Ҳĳһͷҿʼʶ֯źͷйأˣһֱڽԵȺһεĳСԴͿʼѧ״̬Ľֱ˳Ͼ漰ӵĺйˡ
ɹЩΪʲôԴͬϱһ⼸쾹ȻԼЩ˽еĵЩ˵̬ȶȡ֮ǰһЩ¡
ͷһž¥ӳ󻹼ǵ÷ųЩˣڶӦþɽž־һ˵ǵڶӰ㣬ΪʱڴѾǳ׷ˣ˵״̬»ܼǵþˣʱȷʵǾ˽ϵһˡ
֯ʱ;û˿ܸ֯ĺеУξͳ־һ仰˵껪ӳ¥ǰܵԼ£ȻĻɹˡ
Ҳȷǲ˼顣⼸ҲһֱںúõķʡԼȷʵ˻еôİʹǸ˵ĺˡ
Ի¿ʼرˡ
Ȼ½ֻǸķӻԶԶģһԭǿĺǿѡ硱ɽ֯¶֯ҲǸ޴սΪ˿սܰǵ֯飬ҪǷûһܿƵס
Һû±ͲǸӡֻѷŻŷһ衣Һû⼸ʶıֵúܹԣԵĲвеģֱķ֯
֯пǰһɽΪ֯ػˡ
һǰ˺ܶ࡭¾ʲôûеġ
⼸ֵİ֯˼⣬ΪҲǱŵģ൱ɻռ䣬⼸컪ǵطΧĴƶ
ػΪʮֻǵʲĴô⼸˼Ƚ̻ŮӣҲȫ֯ģзҲˡ
ֻػ϶ѣ⼸һЩûĻ֯طҲͬвٳԱ󲿷ĵطô̻֮ؾ͵ӣĵطġɱ֣ؤ֮Ҳкܶ࣬׶ĵط
еʱҲùŴ滷̫һ㣬ʱһżȥġݣˡԺʲôĶǺ飬ҲţԼ˾ͻᷢطͨ˵洦˵һС
һЩе˵ǵġҡ
»һɫ·վһ¥¥ϣ˵·Ҳȴŵʱᴩ
ϾֵطҶûررȵڵģ·һرϢ
´·ܾԼȸƵģȻȷʵѾȵһˡ֮ǰСүɫ·ȣ·ˢ˻¶ڹŴ·֪
ԹŴҲûֿźÿǲ·𡭡Ƕطѡ
µͦĵģľЩŷһĸоϾŴ˵·ôҲȫĿжڡÿҪ󣬵ʽɫŵ·һӾģȻľе߳Բ˵
⻨¥Ͼ˵˸µ˹ֲҲΪԼǣԺĻزȥźͰٲˣҲҪ¥ģﻹ֮ˡ
Ȼ֮أܵЩˢøжȵԾԣ֯س̶˵׵ģϾ֯û»Ҳ̫
¾¥ϵţ뿴Ǹµ˾˭ܴܲù
λʮֵÿ¥ļλ÷۲棬Ҫȴ̫ˡվܾԼ·ʲôĻϰ壬ֺٻ˼ϵҲδܳ
Ȼһ¶棬ͻȻûסˡ
˭һ·湫ӵģǶϴ˸ɫĶ顭ⲻǲżĽ
ΪĪɺ֮жһ룬ǻʶµΣԡŵˣȻ֪µģֻǻϵ˲һ֪ΪĿ»û֪
Իϵ˲ŻѽһͨߣȴΪŶġ
ĵش¥뿪׼ȲҪͽĿǰĽǴ򲻹ģϴǺƳɹˣһβһ
תһ˲䣬¥µĽĶסıӰ
ĿһɫӰ¥ȥһվһ߸ߵĵطֻɫ߰쵣Σεһˡ

94 ܷ۵

Ӱ˲˽ע, ȥ, Ǵһ¥¥ȻҲһʵ·
ܾվ㲻þڹ۲ġ
Ǹ˸ĸоǿ͸ϴμ˵ʱ;Σ, ϢĶˣ˵ĸоǶһǺܺˣΪԼˡ
Լ˲ϲˡ
෴ᡣ
˵, ˵ʱһĪıСɨһȦ⻨ϳ˸ոǸ⻹в͵͵Ĺ۲, ǳɹˡ
ֻϵЩӡǣû뵽Ȼи֮ϲԼϵı飬Ǹղʲôûзһ, ת۾ͱһӡ
һ߸ΧŮǵЦţһ͵͵ĳ¥ƶ
»ݣŽ¡Ҫ׳ʲôϢĻ, ò˵»ʧˡ
ջԼӲ, š

ſڽһŮˣͷϴŵһ״, ټϻָŵ·ʹ˿һɾ˵ĻһͿ֬Ѫһĺ졣
һװֵǧ, Ȼʲôܴͨ, ʵŮػϵ֮һѦҲϵĻ֮ǰ˵֯вļˡŮǷ, ǰѦǡ
ͷǴرŵ, ͷҲߵڵ, һ㶼Ļס۽ǣ۾ôһССĺ롣
֯غķʽЩɹͨ˼ѦǸŮӣʵҲ൱ϵʵʸˣʱǺͻġ
ѦжŲߣͬһǸͨŮˡĲɲīǿеĲ
ԣ·ʸУ·΢һͷܿʲôһܻ֪书ŮӦǲܱռ˱˵ġʱ˿ԱߣΪһŮ˶᲻ϵĻԼĴڼֵ
ҪǸˣ˼·ͷɵˡ
ǸˡǽӰɡѦĵ½ӹšһ
Ȼ֪Ŀܲڽֶʲ
ôӽ⣬ΪʲôأѦͷüдˣ·𼴽Ҫһǰû˵ˣٿܾΥ͸Ũ
õģһġº˿ڲº˵
Աƺǰһ룬ȻȻһЦ
Ȼ˵һǸ˰ĵءѦЦһ󣬻˵ôһ仰
ĬĬغȲûв졣
ʵһֱҸʰĸоʲôĸоƼһ·ֿΪԼ̫˵뵱Ҳò˵˶ְĸУײ˵Ҳг񣬻ܴŲ̫˵ʹһƬհס
ֻûһƬհ׾ˡ
˺ȲʱĽѾ͵͵Ǳ˶¥
û˻ע⵽ʲôʱǱȥģΪһرαװˣΧ۾ôĶ࣬ǵҷʵĿʱѾˡ
һߺһŮ˵Цţһ¥ҪҸĵطģת˸֮󣬴ҹ˺ܾòʶѾˡ
ȻѾ̶̵ʱھҵӾǣֱֱĳ˸ոջվŵĵط
һĵص㣬ҲͽֻôһӣƽѦסĵط
ʯ֮䣬ѾſڣȻ͵˽ȥ
ŷһ졣
ֱӽԭкȲȫһ㶣ﶼ˲䰲һ롣
ºѦ˭Ҳû뵽ող۵˾Ȼôͳ
Һ磬ºѦոҲǿ˵Ըոһ뻪»ܼʱİ档
֪Ǹˣȴһһδƻĵļ¼
ǳϵǣʵڽҲǺԤС˵ڴһ̡
ʱĽվ棬ŵ˵ûֿþĴһȴԲģǻԼ
ƿźҲǰĳˣһ˺һŮˡ
ŮӦǻĻߵıЩʧɫǸرƯŮˣ˿˶ϲһ֡
ͷϴ˸յӣӴɵ绨һɢ۾ϡ˵ϣҲ۽Ǵصϡתͷһˡ
ղƿŵһɲǣԷԼٶȽ棬ÿϧΪһ磬ͲôװŪˡϾոյǸӦٶԷҲԲʲô֮
Ů˵ԣľһ̲ˮӺ˷·ոջڻ뿿ĵϣ¶͸¶һʸС
ǵڶμ˰ɡ
Լǰ쿴ľˡȻ˵ķβһһΣյĸоȴƵġ
ϴ˸ĸо׽͸һҲͬʹôͻȻȴɻǲӣԱߵĻƺ˵ЩʲôȴӺֹˡ
ռλãһ¸ոձŵĻϾҲǸ˵ŮӣվʰһߵĲߣȻ󰲾˳ȥ
Ȼֻʣ˽Ǹˡ
ԼҵˣûоôΣչͷƤĸоΣձСӡӺǷǡӡ
ֱ룬ǡˣЩǵ˾㣿
ûйԼ˵⻰᲻ᱩ¶ʲôΪԼ˵ĻԷһĶġ
ֱһر׼ȷ
Ǹһ֪ԷѾػ̾ˣڰϢȻ󽥽ŪôһȻ
еϵȵ㣬ո뿪ĻҲػƯŮˣǸǸȣȴֵֺһᡣ
ΪǸ˺Դ˾ռߣԸոǸȥŮ˶ûж࿴һۡ
ǵ𡭡ƺ˵һ䣬ᡣ
ǿҵΥ͸ȴһָµĸоʮֲԼƵ鷢ڻżǰãȻĸо
ˣǿҲδҡӺ˵˵ԸƺǾͰһܷ۰ɡ

95 ܷ۵2

˵ԼǷǵ, Ļ϶ôɵŵ, Ͼ⿴˵Ͳһ˵ģ, ˵δزǫ
˶˸µƣ΢㶣˸λְԱߵ¯, һСŽȥȼղżҪϨ¯˲ɢ˵̡
ֳе, ֮ǰһֵġ
ûԼᰲš
ȴܹǰ˵
һ, ʮڣڵ㣬ȫûŵ˾ھײĵط
ȼһ, , ո˵Ƿӵıܷۡ⻰ʲô˼
㻺, ԽԽŨ
һȺ˸ͬĵطš˵, Ȼǵײ, Ƕڷ˵ҲѾõѡˡǻõԼ᲻ᱻɱ߲Сɱˡ
粢Ǻ޷϶, Ǵӷ϶, Ҳֻܿü˵ָ, ϸɾɫָ񱴿ǡ
Ѿ˲ֹһˡһֱڻɽϵķǲ̫һ㡣૵ĵԭǶ
ӹȻӡ˶һ¡ƺʲôЦ˵
꽭ɱԼѵĴҲǼٵġ
δͻȻһ죬͵Ļһ
µɱҪһƬĿ˺һ㡣
ҪȥˣȴŷпеѾһѳʵĽ롣
˱˴˽ţ֮ΨһڵǱģѵĶϿڴһӫ⣬¯ɢ̴Ϊ󻺻𣬿ɫӰӴӿʵ塣
ѾѿſһϴһŹŹֵߣǲҰ׵ģֻ۽ǴôһĨ졣
δҲ̫һ㣬ȴŵ㹻ܹһۼסǲҰϵһĨβߵβ͡
סʱҲΣյһѳʵ֪黹治١

ʵϵ֪֪²֪ģ᰸߹
ʵڵһ˵Ϣʱر֤һϢĻǼٵģܾºѺͽϵΪȻӣȴֺͷŹ֮ͬ
ĪĲ̫飬ǿոսķӦµȷġ
бȸղŸһ⣬񼸺ϱżˡ
Ҳ֯Ӷһּɵ¾Բ֪ġԴ˽֯ҪӵĲ²ⲻ͸¸ղһҲײĸ֯ơ
ǻ֪ĲֹЩ֪ࡣŴŵӣʵѾ֪˺ܶ཭ϵ׽Ӵ飬Ȼ¸оԼһֱ㣬ԶżҲǺܸߵġ
˵һ仰𾪡
ǻ֪ʲô£ʡ
ῴ˵ɫѾһ˿ԼĿ־塣
֪Щʲôǳܶ͢ô£޷ҲĹһ㣬̵Ҳһ㣬ЩȻѣǲġ
ոǼȴýּ˹ĸо
·ǰŵĲһˣһ֪һеĹꡪָоΪ뱻֪鱻֪ˡ
׾Ѿ漰ԼǶԼдһ㡣
֪ܶࡣ˵Ǵڸطκ벻ķʽȫ۾
Щ̫ˡǵıܷۡ˵ĺ޷ǾһȺǻһ𡣼ȻôʱǶû֣Ǿ˵һֱֶѹŵİɣ
ô˵ʵҲûǱ˹šЦһ˭ܱ֤ЩǻһֱѹȥѵǷʱӣ㻹ܹǣվһ죬ǻعͷģΪȺӸǿƲ˵ġ
ǵģ֪ϵǣôĵ˵
޷סԼԵĻҲᱻˡȦһطͼøֶǹԶһֺ޴Ϊ
ЩҶ֪
˵ĻͻȻͿˡ
Լ˵ĶѾԷ˵ˣѾû˻˵ҪѿڶȻ֪ˣ㻹ȴ⻰Ҳû˵ڵıҪ
Ŷ˵ӸղǾ仰µֱøĪЩ
ӦǸӣȴֺǣκһ˶ҪǵĶ֪࣬ԼһܿЦ飬ôˣĿǰٲȻѾʵ
ǶôΣգǽĿǰ״̬õֶξͷͬһˡ
ӡܿ£ӵҰģǣһнһתΪʵʵ
ҽʲô²͸
µûнô࣬ʵԻ·Ҳ˵Ի·ʵҲһֱ֯ȻʮӴ󣬵ʵҲס
⿴ػӵ֪֯״ĸʻͦģΪǷĺܿ£һ滪ȴ־Ǹݵ漣
ֺѿ漣ǴӲԫϱһСһȻʱ͵ص㶼ԣÿ˶Ϊ֮ж
ȻСĽǶ֯ԭ򣬻֯ˡ൱һͣҪˣԸ»ᵣĵҹѰġ
ſнŲƺѦЩ಻סҪˣվˣԷĻ½ΣգԻֻѵڵҡץʱߣȻҵ²ôһֱȥ
֪Ȼ񣬵ͬʱҲǸǳˣֵаԼһϹƵ£ǲ׳ֵġ
һ⡣ͷģ
֮΢΢һ㶡
Լû뵽Ȼһ⣬ʱȵ£Ȼһйģֻ̫ѵãûҲһ˿֪ʲôζȻ˸̫ģĴ𸴣ڻţܰȫ
ԡʵһֱ۾£ЦͻȻԼҲСС·һ¡
¡֪٣
֪٣·ʵ
̽һ¶Է֪֪£ǶԷ̬ʵ׽֪ڵǻ¼ٰģǲ֪أ
Էдһ˿΢΢ֱ治壬ȴ־ʵģ
ʱʱѾˣȻԱߵĴ˳ȥȥһ̣źȻƿղȥѦһ˳˽
˰κ󣬺ȻͷŸղŵĻ濴ƻͨܿһվڴǰ߿
ĪӰӣӴ˾ӡ˽

96 ˳ϵ

ȻνȥҴ, ȴ֪һܡĻ㱨, Ҳȫ𾪵С
Ǹ, ֻһߵһҹ֮͵ŵͨȻһҲܵͨֻٲͨģȴŽϸײβ
ͫ, ȴ·ܿһթݡ
е鶼˵, ֻΨȥһ¡ӦЩ˵۾£һĻܺá
ȥҲ˵׼û˽ģҪ˵ȥĻ, »϶ûкùӳˡ˭뵽˺óʱˣ˶Ѿ˵ˣȻڵ˵չ»ĺܺáҪԼ˵, ĻԼ֪֪, ΪӡĻ¾Ͳǻͬ۵ˡ
Ҫ˵Ϊ̫ʵûʲôŵɽš
ľû²ܴ͸ʲôıƵˡ
ǸȻģ⣬ʵԸȴƵȤ, Ǽʹǽ, ҲǱʶ˻²ǸЩʲôµˡͦټ, һһ¾ôˣܡﻹôһϧ
ڽ֮ͺǸ˼Ľ档
ҲǸƿ, ͵˵̸, ȻһЩݱȽϸȤǶڻʲôʱͽϵ, Ȥ
ֻƴûڣҺݣ֪һЩҲ̫棬ֻѦֶʵ̫߳¶ҷɾ衣
ոո˵ôĻҪȥӦԻǸ޴սϻ˵£¼ڻŵ˲֧ŲסԼʱضԱ۾˯ˡ
˵ĲǸ˾ĵĵطǻ֪Լ˯Ѧӣ˲Σʹ˿
ԻǿŴ˳ȥ׼ص⼸վסǸطúõЪϢһ¡
˴һʱ䣬⼸һֱסǸϡ
ȻҲʲô֮أǺôҲ֮ǰĵط˰һ㡣ŵ˴׼ĵĽȥκˣȴڽǰͻȻ˵
͵ǽҲǻԼԸ飬һס˺͵ΪЩ̸һЩǳעĶ
ŵ飬˼ûз̫ϣϾڻŵǹ˵ȻԸȽ򣬵ǾԲɵͱ֮ķӦеģܲתͷȥҲԲȥƨɵ¡
͸ŷˡɱˡһۡ
һ˲˻µľ裬˲ͰһŨŨĲͷ
ԥһᣬȻİѶȥ˵
ʲôˣʡ
ŵЩһֱЩ̫ˡ˵ǸɤرȻŮˣ¼ǵˣ˵˻ϵκ˶ð
֪кܶ಻˽һЩС˵һȽǵ˵õľһطȥ÷Ǿۼһ𣬷޼ɵɱˡ
ǣǸȻŮЦˣ˵ĵǺվҲûаԼһԱ
ĻǸ΢һЩŮʶԼлǲС͸¶һЩ˲ͱտڲǸȻŮû˶ͣԽԽҲĲҪ衱ˣеһԱΪʲôʶҪԼǷֿأ
һִָܺϢ·Ȫһӿ뻪µĶ
Ȼԭʱϵ¡ػţɴ˿֯ʵʱǳ˺ܴġ
ʱﻨɱ˵ԶԶĸǹǵ֪巢ʲô֯ǲôȶģЩӡǿʼ˵Ŀ֮¡
ʵҲǲѲ²顪ΪǱӵеǾͺ٣֮ǰ˵طһѵõĻǲԫϱµĻҲǳ
лִţҪŵĴ£뿪˻ɱһԶĵط
ԼңΪͻȻôһôֲոյƣ񶼱ŷһȡ֮һֿµѡ
⻨ϵ˼ʧء
ҸֹǣпܻᷢϱһĲ״
˭ֹأ
ǵ룬пµţǻѾκιϸˡ
ķ·һһֱ˵ǵģӦôĵط
˵Ҫ͸͸ˡ
¿ڴϣЩܣֻѰ
ͻȻԼرذٲõС˯һ

ػ϶ʱôúûʧڼݵĽ˵ֱһܷ顣ҲΪˣŲһֱϷѰңǸ鷳ڱ˵һ漣
żҲʱǸϣЩΧ˺ܶˡ
⼸żæͷǵʱǷһ顣ڻˣԼǺϤģǼʹϤȴǸˡ
ԸϽﱾˮݵ壬ǻȴܹ߼лⷽƿֵüֱǸһ
˲٣еĽ˵ÿܴõ˶һ󼰵ĵط˵ЩҲֻһɸָĴʻѵѡЩ֪ǵУʶǻǼ˰ٲһ
˵Щıʶ𣿲ܡЩҲֻһ˶ѡϻƵıʻ࣬Իݶ(Ǳˣڸֵܹû᲻)ûκɿԱϵ˸ס
ǻ¾˶ס£žܱЩ˼סԲϵһֶһ޶ơ
ԣʱʱɢƣʹڰٲ￴ôİۣǵǰұ˸˺ʱͻ̻һƽﲻͬ·۾˵ʱ˵Ŀⶼ۽ϣʮǿӲֲݷ
Ҳ˿ԶǸǳԵ˵ԭ򣬿ŵ±ǸҪĶࡣ
Ǹ˵ˣȻǰģûκƢȴֺʲô¶Ѳһ
ãȻϿһᣬ׼뿪˽ߵһҹ̯ϣ⼸պܶ໨ŵòҿˣǰ˱
ãȻεʱҹ̯ϾȻĳĶ
һ鵭ɫĲ͹һϣġ
ܿ죬žͻᷢλǸô˳ϵˡ
ĹУȻһ˿ҪϢǡ

97 ٴ

ɫĲûؿջʱ, ÿ˵϶һ˿Ũ, ΪҶϳ, ǻʧǰǼ·
·ϻһ˿ѪҲĵĶҹ̯û˷ѪǾ˵һ㡪鲼ȥʱ仹̡ܶ
鲼ݳϢΣա
绪ȷʵΣ, ôʲô°鲼ͳҹ, ֱأ
Ȼһлδ֮գǹ鲼ѾǸǳˡ
˵һδʧ˺ܳʱ䣬ȻһܿĵصʱڵĺۼַǳϷԵ顣
˭ûԤϵ³, Ҵһ˿ϣ
ջ˿ÿ˶˼һܵĽ, ᲻ˣ
ơ˭ƣͷʵ
ȻЩˡ˻ش
, ЩǸЩ˴򽻵Ĵô࣬ȴûһο, ǾȻ¸ʲô˷ʡ
Ҷ۲, Ȼһ˾²ȷ, һЩ˶һЩɵʣֻнվǽǣ
Լ˵Ļ, Ļ, һЩ
Ϣ, ˵֯ļ¡
ûж˵ʲôΪǽž˴˵ڶҪϢ
Ƿ˵ڶѪ

ֻ´ѪԼʲôƣ
ͼʵͦģʵŵ˾˹أ߸ɴôһ˵ףֱˣһ˰ˡ
ǿѪȷʵǴˡΣաϢ»ЩѪЩһطǾܻ¸֪żΣգϣǳ
Ҳôȥ䱻ŵ˷ֺͨŵΪ˻Ƚϸɾ
ڸոմӴ͵ͳļУһ˿˿һķڼ﷭ԭʱϻڽµһص㡪ĳ˻Ĵϡ
Ȼ涼ŻҲлϵĻͬġһֻϹҵǸ٣ٻ£΢紵¾һ
ڼ﷭Щһַǳķ飬ҪһһԣһܶʲôҪϢڼҵǴȻҵ˼ܹȷʱĻ棬ȵҵʱɫѾˡ
һ·ϰԼʱ·˺һȻմѪ;˲ǳ԰׷Ļǿ϶ֵᷢġ
һ˴ϣڴѲһȦҲıȷʵһɽ¥ӣȻǻһӽŮǻһƯǾһЩһ
ػɱҲһˣպþʱµĵص⡣
ڴһȦͻȻһͣ˺һģһٻһŷĶš
ڻ˵ٻָоĳһʱеľ󣬺һʱͬһʱ̵һģΪһֱûаϱӵĲߡ
ῴŴٻ»һ£վ￴һᱻ΢紵ٻһȻ߽ˡ
һת㵽һԣٻµһ˴˿С˵š㺡ֻǿеĻϸȴʲô˵黰
һᣬͻȻ˸󵨵ľ
˵Ļ˵һʱ˸ͼȫͬ顣һеġˡԳʱǸŮ˺Ȼȥһ˽סȻ˳㽫˴ˡ
¿ŵصŮˣϵ·ȻԼϡͺ͸ոմӴʱһˡ
·»ĳ¥ȥʱŲ֪жòܲɵš
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ϣһһ·˴ҴҾͷסĲ
ٻӶĴÿһ䶼·ǷڷҡΣ졣
ɫѪĲϣŵ˻һطǸ޴ĻһɫʱѾȫˣϵӿϻӳ·ֽԵĵطһ͡
ɫѪĲһҵˣڸַ˼ĵطĿǰõһ顣
ôˣҶɫѪϵյصȻоʮֵĲ⣬Ҫûһ
ƹ˴ҺºͷҲصϴˣʱҲܰһ¾ߣҲȥ
˴󣬲ŷִϵϻ࣬ӯϻֱҪ·ˣʱʱĻϡͼˡŮǰڨҶΧһЩ·ߵӡ
أȥˣʵ
ʱҲŷָղһֱվǰĽ֪ʲôʱѾˣ֪ʱȻѾߵ˼϶¥¥ϡҪ˵ҲһԵκرеˣ֮ǰͻһʱһ׼λãһҲǡ
ϻżɫ֮䣬ǿ˽ӰӣڻмĴţʱüʱһʧӰӡ
һŮ˹ȥǸŮڵͷ٣ԱŮڰ裬˿һζҲתĵӣŮ΢΢Ĳͷûпκһˡ
Ǳ߹ȥʲôҵӰɣ滹ϡŵ˵ʱǿǸٵŮ΢΢̧ͷ۽һźɫˡ
˲䣬˵Ժж˾
Ȼһ̣еĵƶϨˣһ̻˼主ĵطתۼͱ˼
仯˶ֲոջ˵ϡҲͻȻ˸ģ׺ݵĳԼߵ˳֡
ȥ˲䣬иһŵж𾪵˶仯ˣ֮ǰǴû뵽ᷢ顣
ʲôЩһ﾿ô£
ʼֻһɫѪĲǸδͳģԴʵû뵽ᷢ飬Ȼ˼һĳÿ˵ﶼ˾
ʹٶ۵ˣᶼ֪ڳˣҳǼ¡
ϢһȥΪ֮𶯡
УȻǸˡ
˵һ˵˺͡
˶ΪѾˣ˭֪Ȼ󲻵ķʽ»ص˴ҵУҴһǶ󲻵Ϣ
ˣҿܻڱƵ´ϢжѣһҶĵǲ⾿жôķ˼Ϣ͵ǵ
ôھģ
һƬУȻ̧ͷϵĳһȻȥһɫӰջ
Уֻ˫ɫ۾

98 С

ʲôʱģ
ղڷ϶˰, Ļû뵽һͺͽ˸档
Ȼոעȫ, ûʲôʱ, ǻ²ڽ
ǰſܲܰʲôæģղȻ˼Ůˣոն档
¿ǵʱһ£иŮ˻»ǳ졣
֮ǰʱ, ڴ־һ۾źͼ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôȻ, »ЩģҲͽ
Ĳ˵ôով, žΪ¾˽ȥʲôˣŬ׷˵ĸо
µȻǹµ, ǽ֪ڿµһ˲ıۡ
ϻΪʲô˵˵ʲô, ľʲôأʱ˿̵ĴԾѾת˸ıۡ
ʱ뷨ǱѾѰ, ˭뵽ȻǰǸˡ²ģ
ڻʱ, ǵûתȥֹЩŮ, ˸ʮֳϵľٶ
ͻȻתֱӺͻ¶ˡ
˶һ
ҲĻǹһͬʱ¡
Ӷʺ, ȫûΪʲôתͷ
ȫϨ, ǽһЩط΢Ĺ⡣˵۾ӦǿȺ, ҲͿΧľ
˲̧ͷȥͿ˽һµ˶ˡǸ˴·ԵЩĲͣܶصĺţһԳ
ڳֵһ˲˵עôһ˻ûǸ·ˣǸոսľٶ˲òע⵽
ôһǸ˵֮˳
ˡ˭ŵ˶оǻϵһ۾ϳˣϾѾס˺ü죬ȷʵвˣϳ֮;ȵС
±û뵽ôһΣһڻ췹ԵˣͻȻ˼ҵƤӵ·ˮǲǻᱻڴ
Ǵˮȼ˵ġͻȻĳ桭ھԼһ˼ſھý⣬ŻʱתԸǶԸǼѾ󷢵Ů
һ˵һΪȷʵ˺ܴѣǻҲ˵˭Բ֡
˭һҵĳУȻԼһֱΪĵзϴ󡱳֣ϴԸսթһģ˭ǼСϺתȥֹǸϴġ
ŵڻһʱҲʼȷ˻µݣ˲²⡰ǲǾǽеǸˡ
֮Դڻ°ԼɵôʵݶǼٵĵ»ܲ³޷ΪǸϵ̫ˡһȻǸˣĳЩŮһᣬڶ˼ϸ壬ֶθ߳
ڴһոմӱŮϰɫ·Ȼ·ֵطʹ˴˺ҲûʲôֵģĶһĵͱҲᣬϾôǸŮӣĵӵġ
µȻµһԶ˺ͽľ룬һһпſĵʵÿһڱƽԶ㡣
ʱ˿иĻԲŴԺе뷨ĻԴһǡ㲻Ҫ
ǲò˵ôһ˵£ԸղŻ˵뷨Ҫϵ˼죬ƫƫôһʱͣĶ
»Щ˻ڲ²š硱Ȼ֪磬ȫ֪Ǹġ˵ӦҲûнйô
ܿϵ˴绹ǸӵģΪֻзӲŻϲɱˣ˿¶ǰֹģˡȷʵǸӰȷʵΪֹµİ
£˫ڶͻȻͱҭסˣе£ʮ־ְĶ㿪ÿһιµֶαһָ߳ˣϴֻǵڶ㣬һȻ֪Ҫʱһݡ
Ŀǰ״ǽԴ£ǻҲԴǵˣ΢ֵľ
ӲӪһֽƴĴ赭дĶνеЧ浥ӾЧ˵ǻӮˣԵ˴ʱڻµı666
ȫΨһĵ˿ܾǽԼĵ˵ĸоֻˣұϴλҪˣرϣһԷʵڲоöԷһ
ϧĿǰ޷㡣
ܱĿ˿ģʽ
ģʽһʼ˲ѹԼһӾҪŲסˡ
˵ĴȻ˴ҵһʱ䣬ǴڵصʵҲ
Щŵ˲ȥֹЩǣȥҲֻһ룬һ˾ȻŽһȥԸ¡
˵ӰȻֻһˣǱϾҲͨϵģԷһҲ֣𾪵ֻлԼǳˣ˵²Ҫ
ϵҲӦ˹ȥ֧Ԯ£ȻΪʲôǺԴϾȻѾŵˡ
ʱ˼Ծʶһ¡᲻ǰ֪ŻϢԲŻƴĸϹ
ȻȫͲΪʲôͻȻϹ⼸ҲЩʲô󲿷ʱڴϰˡ
Ҫһ䴬ϵ˶ӡ
ϵһʼδûа֯˼ģļŷʹее㲻һ󲿷ʱǸܡˡ
Ͼǡµһɱ֡Ҷ˾еģԸֵˣԼûбֳʲôĻϵ˿Ҳǿһ
ʱ˿̾ڴ˭û뵽ʱ̣羻ͻȻ֣һ˴󲿷ֻûϵһʱ˼ǧ

²˴˫ôģԼҪ֧Ųסʱ򣬻ϵ˾Ȼһֽ˼˹⼸˵ʵǿûµѹ
˴ʱĻ³˺ͽľ룬ԶԶĿ˽һۡվڸߴò˵վڸߴȷʵǳ**ossĸо
¿һᣬҲ˻һᣬ˴˫Ӱ󣬻´ӽ۾￴ϤķŭʧС
ǰÿװʱʧͦ񣬿û˰
ͻȻеԲ֪Ϊʲô;ʱϵĽ̫Ծͦġ

99 ͷ˵

ŵ˺ͻ¥ϵѾ˶ʮӵʱ, һڼŵûܺͻϵ潻, Ϊ˵ĿȫеĻ¸ˡ
ԼҲû뵽鷢, ĺúõĽҪһ»ϵ˵ģҲȻûȳɣǴҵעѾתƵ, ŵ˻ǻϵˡ
ʱ¾ҪҪɴཫƾͼƣ˳¸ͻˡĿľͺȷ
ԲĶǺܶ, ȻǷӣܲڻǰǵ˳֣Է硣
дϵķᶼĬͣ뿴½ô, ȻǸˣܹͬһݣӡ
Ⱥйͬ, ֮ǰ, ֮ǰʲôֻҪǷ, Ǿлġ
¿ۻϵЩ, ǺǳϣܹͻȻһ¶֪ΪʲôͻȻעԼ, ֹܾעһܺõ¡
»ܵǲҪŻ˹źЩͨˣǰã»ԺһزŻٲ, Ҫһʱ, ѾԲ֮Ӧùʲô, û뵽Ȼ顣
ʱʵ˸֪ʲôζĸ򡪡Ȼʲô˾Ӧôʲôĵط˵ΪѡһطܹȴȥģһЩļ尾
˵ڡ
˵䲻̫ǡģԼǲ⵽ʲôӦ֮ǰ̫򵥵ıӦ
ΨһԸЩ֣ͣҪɱЩͨˡҪ˵Щ˵Ի·ҲǺܶԭ֯ĸǷǳȷġҸطúòţȻƣ˾ˮˮܱ֤õİȫ
ǷȰסҲͲзˡ֪ԼӦô˵Щ飬һ˵Ƿ󣬿ԼͻףǶڷ˵С
΢ЩķӣǴ󲿷ֵķ¶ǲܲ˵ġ
ڻĺȻһ˿ɥ֮ʱһĶ߻
˵ĻзǵĻ
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Ϊһֱʧ״̬󲿷£»ͦϣֵܲġ
Ĭһ˵仰ʲô˼
˴򽻵ҪǺܶ飬ǸǾͲˡڻµ˵ֻҪǿȻǣȫ㡣
³Ĭһʣ֮ǰ¥ӵ𣿶Դµͨͨѹһӵϵɱ
ڳЦ𣿡ЦŵҲûʲô߳ŭϷʵĸоǣ˵ڵĴҲûжð
ͻȻҭһ£Ϊȫ޷
仰˵ҲǳˣĻ¿Сȫɸӡ
˸סˣʱûа취˻µֻҲ֣ΪӸղſʼ˾վﲻˣڶñ棬Ը塣
ǶԷΪʲôͻȻͣأ
ͷദһҪطӵĹ򡣡ҳںҲûİ취
ԣҲȷʵûİ취ĬĬظظһ飬ʲô취ͣأѾȥκζˡ
ǲǿЦˣ˵ЩԶ
ʲôͣǸɰԸ
˵仰ЦˣЦԽԽ𽥱һʮ̶ִڵĴÿǵ⡣Ҳա
ڵĴѾˣոմԽʱŻлỹԵȴ䵽ء
۲а죬һֱͷﻹĥŶԷڸأΪʲôҪһֱͷ棿
Ȼʱ̣Ȼͷ̧
һ̣۾ĺɫýȻһ
ʱµĶ߸ո̾ġҲա֡
һ룬ܾúʲôųһ
ʱġ¡ɨһˣһȦɨӣŵ˻ǻϵ˶ͣˣΪҶ
ڡ¡۾˷·һСģġ
Щ̫ֲ׸ղŷʲôոʱȥ˽ӣֱøΣ
ǸȻǻµ񣬶ʵϣ´ʱ˿ҲѾΪһԹߡΧһĬĬؿıݡ
Ҳڴʱ𽥵ȥ˽˵ĺ͡ӡദһʲôĸо
ǸѪȵģǿΪ硣
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ΪﱾûǣﱾɸѪɫɵһ硣
һ־ҵɱӻµͷ˳
ǽֹͣ˴򶷡
ڻ˵ǶĲҪŵ˿Ķ࣬˵һʲôĸоͺҰΣرһ
л̧ͷоֺ͸ողͬոյһֻǱߣôڵѾһֻڳ˹״̬ߡ
Ѿ¶˳ÿһˡ
Ȼվڸ߸ߵĵطԭڱ˴˵ţŵֹͨѾ˶֡Ҳû취飬¸ոհͷ̧ʱ򣬾Ϳмϵ׷һ󸹱ˣǸ˱׷۾ΪԼǸû뵽޵ЩŮȻŮߡ
ۿҪ׷ˣĵ˰ΣȴȻһ
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תͷȥո׷һ£ڶñסˣվ赭дֻһֻ֣󸹱Ȼ˳Ǹո¥ر۵ǸӣһʼϲԭΪǵˣû뵽Ȼѡ
ͷ̧ͷֿǸˣȴȻ绨Цա
һǰͻȻһƬڡ
µĶһ̾Ϣ̾Ϣһĸо
ĵͷ˵Ҫ

100 ´

¾Լߵ˲䷢һЩ任
оԼʲôطһ, ƽ￴Ļȫһ
׵, ĹĴΧ, ЩӦöõģ͸ʲô˾Ͷģʹƽ￴Ķ̫һ
еãȻǷǵȻ֮ǰҲܵ, ǻûӽǿ
Ȼӽûڶ̶̵ʮھ˵Ļʲô˼
ǵûʲô, ֻǿΪǸǿ˵ܸӦЩ
ԭ
ºȻеղ˵Ļ˼
ԭ
ϵϸ˵ֻΪˡһͨˣһŵˣһǻϵķӡʵеκһ, ΪȲţҲŻϵ񣬻仰˵ϵ˺ŵҲûԼˡ
վѾ㹻ԻˡŵһֱΪǻϵϴ, о, ǻȴѾȫ㲻ڵˡ
Īǡߵģ
вٷʱѾˣʹԴе㻳ɵ, ڿʱʱ, ȴҲûκε뷨
Ϊʱ˿ֵ̱ʵ̫, һǳȻ顣
֮ǰҲֻͨýΪ֯ϴ󣬵粻ǡԼϴ˵ҲûܹԼϴʱ¥ʱǿ¥, ڽǶһۡ
ڡڡĺ, ֪Լڵӽǲƽӽ, ǲҲĽǶ
ԻµĽǶ˵Ŀǰ鶼ƽģ衱ʱ򶼲Щ󵨵£ܻе֣ڵҲֻһıĬĬؿţ仰˵
翿һŮˣŮ˵Ķָĸһ£ԱķԿ۾ĺ콥ļˡԶôǻ³ֵܸܵĻ弡⣬ܸǼ
Ů˹˳վţǸ޺Ůˣֻл֪ӦѾŵˣڲܰվȻ⴬Ů˵İʣ²ոտʱѾˡ
ܵŮ˵Ĺ˳ƺЩģЦ۾΢΢ֻʣ»ĬĬԱΧۣ･Ĵһ΢
㡭
Ȼ֪ҲǸŮģģ£ƻе찡
Ҳ֪Լ²۶Էܲ˵ԺͺȻЦһ£βģڶߵģʮ
翪ڣ⻰֪˵ģΧЩ˵ģʵȫɱˣһҲӦ̫ˡ
ȻǾǰһ£𣿡
Χһﶼžһ˲
һ̴ﶼʼֹ˭֪˵⻰ʲô˼Ҳ֪ʲô
һûʲôӦȻͿոһֱ氲վŵͻȻ¥ֱֱĳ˹һ˾Ǹղźͻ¶˰Ľ͵һæֵ
һ
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ٶȿĴҼ۾Ӳ˾ȵǸղǸƣڿͻȻıǸƣǸٶ£Ʋ÷ԼˣǶ˵ȴǼҳ㷹һ
ɴĽ˽صʱһ㵵ı飬ܶû뵽ԼôͻȻͱôһоͽˣ֮ǰվǸһЩԡ
ŽĵأҲԳ𾪵ı顣ʵδһģԲǸô򵥵ˣҲûŹڶС
Žĵأ粢ûֹͣԼĶ෴ٶȼ죬ڽصһɲǣͻȻɱȺŵ˵С
˶Щ£ŵҲе£ŵءѾˣǼûµĻˡ
ȵȣÿŵڱ֮ǰ϶Ǵ㵣ûκηĻᡣֿˣֻҪе˶Ϣ۵ȥ
ʵһֱ˵˱ˣԼˡ
ԼҲû뵽ȻһЩСɫʱô졭ڼȷʵںһЩжԴ򣬵СɫѾˣû˸⣬ΪԴһЩͨ˵ĲҲࡣ
ԸһΡԸǶ໨һЩʱҲˡ
ǶЩͨ˵ǶҪһ롣
̶ֻӵʱŵѾȫ˵ϡ
ս˶һʱ޻˵
˽֮ÿ˵صʱ۾ģǵ۾ҲǾ֡˵˽⣬˶ʶֻ岻ܶѣΧ鿴Ļһġ
ǿվΧһصˣȻ֪Щ˶ûǿ־˵ﲻǲܵġ
Щ죬ҲȫǶŵ˵ǵһƬ˶룬ˡ
ֻһ棬ԷѾȫĵ˵ϣԼȴûһ
ɫ·ͷ˶û֣һboss֣ǾȻȫû
һԵĳ棬˵ۿǲ׵ģڳ˺úõһΣ˻ǻԼ
һķ񣬻ڼѾ˾ռˣҲոճڽϵʱһ˵𾪣Ϊȷʵһ˲ͬˡ
Ĵ򶷷رһһ־޷ġ
˶ΪҪЩɱˣѾʼĻԼ
ķӦȴЩ˵ϡ
˱ԼӮˣȻе㲻ԣǻ𽥵˷ҪϵЩŵȫɱȻٽеɱ
ڴҽ˷ʱ簲ĿһܣȻ󵭵ĵǰȻӴϸȥ
һ㶣תͷĿһۣ˺Ȼһ¡
񣬼ñ˾һڵϵľԼ
ֵΪڳÿ˶е˷ѽ⣬ڵϵЩŵˡ
ҲڿЦġ
дˣϽǰȥֱӴӴϴˡ
ҲסˣȴȻ
ЦҪ˵

      101 ռȵ1

      Ѱӵȫ̵֮ һı飬 ߵһƬǸϣԹԵ ˸æҡ
      ⻨ϵˣԱǣ ȴֵһ ôϵ˴ʱˣ Ƕ˵ Һٶȹ죬ԥûУ ҾѾϰˡ
      ڻ˵һܵ£ΪԸ΢һЩ ȫڱ˵ĵϱֵô󷽷ռȵģ Ƕ£ Ҳᡣ
      Ϊ̫˰ɡôš ܾ;ò̫ʺϣ̫㣬 ǰҲҲʲô졭
      ббֽӹ˱˵Ĳ裬 赽ƺ¶һ˿ı飬 Ķ˹ ԼڱеĵӰ
      Ҳһ𿴣 ʵпֻ˫͸۾ſšȻ֪ʲôʱʼ Ų豭˾ȻѾ
      
      粻֪ʲôʱֻȥˣȥĺף˱
      ָо˵ҲʵƿʱҲǺ֪ģֻ޷ٿأǸոƶһʱȻеˮŻζһ£ŵ˲䲻ٶ
      Ǳеˮҡһƽͷ亹
      ʲʲô
      ֪Ѿ뿪Ļ˲ɽղŻԵޱȵƴʱ˿Ҳ𽥿ʼŤҪԼ˵ȻҪڳû幤ѧ֪ʶǲеģڻڽĸľͷһҲҶ
      Ա˲ΡΡ˹»㱨ղŵѾȫŪ´ˣͨˡǵŻµһָʾͷ亹ܾԼô˵Щԡ
      ʱȻִǲǾռȵܱ׼ӣ¥ʱһֱֵַģûвʲô¥飬ⱲӿܶȨʲôϵˡ
      粻磬ֻ˽ʮӣǿаѻŤתȨƬ
      뵽磬ȡʲôַ½ᣬֱӾͰ֯ץˡ
      ¥յԼһ
      ˵ԹȻǲãΣһֻҪǸǿߣôﶼǿߡ
      ¿ǰǶϵĳ澡۵ף˶ھȻšϾȻ˵ǿ佱Ƿ̣ȷʵǾȻ򣬻ΪղһŶµġ
      ղ˵ľͺˣЩǱۻңҪǷ͵òȡ˲ֶͬΣǳ׵׵ع˳Ǻǡ
      ԻµⲻղŸϵһξʲô˼ֻǻ¶Ĳóóͨ˵͡ӡ˵ȷʵóķΧ
      ˵ᱻЦĶ԰ɣ϶ᱻЦ죬˵ᱻһ١
      Ȼû˵ôһ룬оԼѾЦ
      ³Ĭ˰Σ̧ͷģӣȥɡ
      ǰ˶һ£ǡ
      һʱڣ˶뿪ˣвվǱϴקȥġ
      ûһᣬϾֻʣ˻һˡ
      
      ŵȻÿ˶˵ǴдĲңϵȻҪǵ»Ǽ򵥴ֱģÿ˶һ˲ӣƫƫӵһû˵ĵط
      ȵһܶʱŷԱߵļˣϵ˻ڿջţһһ̧ȥġֲأڵһ˶Ӷˣһˡ
      ʶûУһֱ۾üͷ塣Ҷ֪Ϊλᵥ֮أͽȥ·ϻڲͣĲ²⡣
      ȵѹʱѾ۳ٴˣûһġ
      ڴһᣬȻʼʰԱߵ˼Ҫ˵Ҫؼҡ
      ûͷûβĻʲôҰſû˵߷ˮãžܡ
      Ц־óϲԣӲȥˡȻãҲŵһԱ󽫣ǾԲܵģǳ˼¡
      ɣܲ㡭ŵתͷôңһ˾ͰҴˣ˶úõģҾҲûôͿô˳ۡ
      ڽһУδ֮գǸرصˣľΪڵڶμʱͰ˴ҲһӰ
      µĽ֪ͣԼʲôޣȻԶˡ
      ֮Ȱ˰죬˵˵ĽǲˣߵԭҲֻǸвر֪Լôǵ
      ڶ־߰ˣҷǳǳ˵ߣﲻ֪Ѿ˶ֱеķʽ
      Ǻȥ𣿡ʣŵˣǻʧˡ
      ǼһһҹȫʧˣҵķûСɳṦˮԺõˣػһȦ˭ûҵǴӰӡ
      ⴬Ϣʧʵŵһ£ҲǺ飬ǵͷǸ˵ĻѾǸ̵˽⣬Ϊʲôġ
      ȴȫ޷ֵ̬ȸӡ֤˴֮ǰĲ룬Ǹȷʵ֯죬ּթȴʮֶֽΣŵͷһӰ
      鵽𣿡ܽţҪ£һʼǻȥʵڻµͨ籨ţͨ籨ţҲʲô򵥵顣
      Ѫһ룬Ҳʲô¡
      ûҵųĬһᣬҡҡͷ
      ʵҲ𽥵һЩˡ
      ²˵ڣΪ˵ڻи룬ұ˴ѭһĬ⼸վͷѾĿʼ֡
      ¾ô°ϢģžԼ̫롣
      ţȻſ˵еһ賬ܴ󣬡ôʱ䲻˰ɣ
      ⻰˲䣬
      ûǰȥֻۣǰҪԱ߹ȥû뵽˸ͻȻվſ
      ˡʲô֣ͻʲô𣿡
      С˵仰һᣬȻЦˡ
      ԱߵžãЦ֪ΪΣֱѹ˺ܾãȻи˿ͷһµʹС

102 ռȵ2

µĵ, ѾϤڼһ
ô˵Щ, ǵ´ϵÿһӵʱԼѾϤ, İ軹ˡ
ûôϤԭ򣬻Ϊ硭ʵ̫ϱĳʱ̵¥, ǻϵ˶ıϹϾǾĳʱżη, ر¥
շ, û̫ʧȥǵʱ򡣻¾÷Ǿһȼŵ̻, õʱվôһʱ̵ﶥ塭Ȼֻ֮ʣ»ҽ, һ̵ѤǹĿġ
˵ġ̻žոշħ, Ǹʱǻôһ, û˺Ϊ˸ֵ췭ظʱʱĴȻɼպĶ, û׷ŷ, õʱǸʱ¥洦ɼ, ҪԼ˵ʱȻڽϵ, ¥δؾûʵ˳, ˸֮µġ
ô˵ЩԡӦ˵кܶ˶ʱħżļ
һѵĴ, Ȼĳְ¡⼸һ¾ʲôطֲ֧ס, 綼ͻȻְһ, ȻϢʧ˵¿Ŀİİ£ҲĶԵһ֯ͷҵ֡
ԼܳӣʵҲЩ˼ġΪԼܸһϵûУʵʲֻ֤Ҫи׵ʦѧġ
ֻһطϻºе硣
µnΰͿĻڵɾȻ泯ߣ⼸ż̫ˣһСľͻᱩ¶Լľ
ÿԱ߶òҲ̶ãֲĴţһ湻˵
˽ģܸ֮ͬԽԽãԽϲԽãʵˮƽߣҲŪ˵ġϧǸֲС
һ̾һĬĬϻһױݣΪֲˡ⼸ҲԽԽϲ족һױԼ˶¡ܸ˵ӣ֪ΪΣ΢ľڻױⷽԼһֱʮ
֮󣬻¹ϴ·ɫڹŴ˵ǺܹصɫĳЩֻȨϣǻ¿Ľķǳ⣬Եʣ·ϻеġ֧ӣڵĻһ·ͳǮķȥˣڰٲʱһ˻ԺϽƵĶĶ
ΪֵطŮǱ˴˼ʱ֮ҲǳأֶվӲͨܿ˵ͷϴĶƵĶĶټǾ֮ΣȽ˵Ů˺񲻻ڵһʱѡ
֧ӣڻƵһȦǰŵ˺ȥȻûϵ⼸ֹͣһжػ伣һʼǲģᳵ·˳úõĽ̵һ»ϵΪҪĵ
˲ʮӣϵ˾ֹˣһǹĺȻ󻹸һǵٶȡػһʮҴǵĲҵдֻǱ¶ģҹҴȫˣԣûпװ޵ĺߴϣÿһҶѾ޶ǮĴȫػӵס
ҲΪʲôڶŵػ˰죬ȴûҵǼһԭ
´ʱ˿̲ʶһ¡ܹ֯ģСܹңͷ˶û(ԣ⼸ŷ֯ȻͷĶû)ǣ֯ġǮ
Ҳǣ֯ɵЩ顪ࡤ¥ġмְؤֱǱҵǶ䴬±ֵ÷ǳƶĻԱ߿˽һ
ڰ©ǻղܵĸоʮȫ©ˣû¸Ȱģ¶˵ˣû¶˸οȫ˵ĻŻػһҹ֮֮һĴ
Щ©Ĵϵ⼸½ȥ˱ĵطòǵĲҵ鲼ȫ£ʱҸطסҲǼѵ£˵һ硣
ȻУȻҲһЩ˿ΧֽԵĳ棬ԼԪòƾ㻨Ǯ֯ճ
ͻȻֲˡ
˳ģǶŵ˵Խ˳ģԽġ⼸ձѰһϵ˵䣬һ֮Ǿ˼ˡ뵽ϵ˻ܷͷһ㣬ȴôҲ뵽ǻֱӰѴ©
ı˵ʵڵģܾƸ۵ʹкͻǸУ¿£ҲһرϾڹŴҪػҵ©˵Ĵ̫ˡǻ³ʵʲߺ֣ıֻҪǮ㹻ˡ
ڵĻżϺϺ˱֯ĸˣ˼ְĽˡ¿˵һʱԼԣڶʱѾˣı֮Ȼĳַϵ״̬
⼸ϰ⼸춼ңÿһˡµ
µָ˵תͷˣ⼸˻ô˵Ǿôϰߡ
ǡǮĬĬض˵˵ף֯Ǯˣǣ
Ǽ֯ϰйΪ̫˱ôģȻܾ˱ֽŵĻܶ࣬չ׼ŻŻ˵
Լһ֯Դͷβġϴˢһ飬¶ɱûʲôȤǶڹǮȤȿȡ
֯ļܹǳҵ̰۵ҲܶࡣڻԸֱǲܽܣټ֯ĳԱֶǵײݣܾ滷ʮֶӣ취֯ͷβĸıһ¡
һôĪλҪ˵λԭΪɱ˺Ȩ**Լ̸ôλԭȫڡ˱Բϣи֯ѹեײԱ
֯컻λôƽ޲Ľˣÿ˶ľ˵ǲµôλģֻ֪ǰȻǸĪĵ죬ݣ֪ҲѾؿƿˡ
Լ֯ı־ҲѾε
¿Լ˶Ǹ⡣


103 ճ

ڶǮ˱ִ, ⼸컪º֯︺Ǯϰһһ̸˻ЩﵱȻкܶ˶ЩԼС˼̸˼ʮ󣬻ºȻԼԽԽ׿Щﵽ׶Щʲôˡ
ܾǸ⣬Ȼȡ, ҲǽҲܿʲô
ԼڵķŸĦ˹һ·, ԶԷĸϸ΢Լľж϶Էû˵ѡ
һʼ׼ȷʻ, ˶, ׼ȷ𽥿ʼߵ, ԼʼԼˡ
ȻĿǰ˱һ, Ҳǲ١˷档
ܸˢЩ񣬵Ȼ, ô죬ųļͼ̫˵Եʡһڲͬĸ߶ҲǲͬģĹԱ˵, ֻܿͬѧ, ͬ£ھӣԶݡڰٲõСѧͽ˵¼ҩϰ壬šĿ, ɫɫĲˡ
˵, ˶ʲôأǸ, Ϊûʶ֮ǵһľ롣
ܴҶ˵һֻһһ죬վǲͬġ
סԶͥУɫɫ¥СͷĿæˣɱˣֻǵˣԸĻ365ÿ춼ͬˣʮӻһҲꡣ
ͨ˵ô˿Ҳһ¡ʹְҵԭˣ¼ҲûôϵΡ
ôԼ㵽ôǱأӶû⡣
ܽһ£ÿ̫ɵ𣿵Ҳôһ£ʶˣΪϾİһķˡ
˽ĻͻᷢȽеĿҪһ㡣
½İ֯˱ȫˣ֯ҵԵҲˮʯⱾǸɵ֯ɢֺ޼ɵģСΧڻЩɣ˻µһǴ󲿷ֻɢС֯Ϊǳûǣʵǿ⻹һص㡪һ˭Ҳ˭
֯ĽȻѾҲˣʼǱһֺߵ̬ȡзӶҵԼ֮÷
̫ͻɺҵ
ôÿ˵ҪúõĹһ֯˲ͻ⵽˵Χ
˻˵ȻǸзǶĵطΪʲôҪԼǣ汻ԼĻ
ǴҸиĵ󼸺ûһ˵֯׸ôȻ˳һʮΣյķһ·۹ȥ
֯ļȻĻãҲǻ˽Լû뵽ģΪܾһ̫֯٣ʷ֤ôĿİĻˡ
챣⣬¾ûľ֯·ġˡ˵һʼǸңǵ˺Ҳ˱⡣
ΪΧԼ⣬˵ǲҵЩܵ뷽跨һЩ֯ȥµġ
һƽ⣬һѹзӵˣ֯˵ҲôԶĴȥˡ
һɫ··ɫǺģ׳гһ˵ľ֮·ֱ˲ĽߣǸֲֲŪǿرǮĽߡ
ȴ¥󣬻µĴ·ֳ˵ηԾ
ʱԼ㲻ԼڴЩʲôףסǲܶô·Ƚһǰ·Ҳ˵
Ҳǻ¶ЭĽϲׯһģƫƫϲϲġ
ôʲôܰѶׯϲĽһأ
Ȼǽӡ
ﻪҪ佱һģôһ·ȻҲûԵñĹȻ⾿ǸɶʵҲ̫ÿ͹ÿͶˡ
ûںƮţ˺Ӱϵһر𰺹ľ¥
¥һ¥ǿյģֻж¥ˡ

ػԱߵľ¥һ׬ǮԲ٣ܰĿ˾˶ǮҲɼһˡǼʹҲûлһ棬Ȼ뿴Ϳġ
ڻ˵ǸİĴʻ㣬СͰϰҰеһΣ컪¾ˡ
˳һᣬ¥סǸջֱ߾벻ףôôҪ¡ǲµģǼܲסֵôź⣬رϲָߵ顣
˵ŵսľģϾǵýԼֻҸĵطϰ壬һֵµ˵𶼽ˣ˲˵Ҳˡ
¥¥һŮˣǰΪԶʧһʱѦ
ʢװ磬ٻϼԿ컹Ҫ
ȻڲڻϣԲûдԼƽﴩ·ǽ񣬸ִо··ϴȥϵķ糾˳еĹɫ㡣
̧ͷ˽ŵĻһֺۣܿİͷȥ
Ҫ˿´ʱ˿Ҫ۾ʧ˵ĻȻһ¥Ҿ¥ֻΪһˣ˶뿴ȵ˾˭
һμҲû죬˵Ѿγ˶Եһλֻ˵ǸͣһǸĹ̶̼ͣȥΪ֯ʵƿˡ
¾еԲѦΪԼѦԼһп˵ġ
˭뵽ǰ컹һͷСϺͻȻ˶ͷbossˣǱ̵࣬ɱôԽ˻ô˼ʵ
ҲΪǰնԴ»˵˵ЦЦѦֵøһ㣬ҲûҴ̼
ѦֻǰԱ߸裬Բڻ˵ʱκ죬ľһ衣
ݶԵĹҲ˵̫̫˴ֲ֮ǰѦѾ˲йڻ⼸ΪϢˡ
ػºͽ˵Žˣν»»ܡװĸ㡣
Ҳװ˭뵽ǰ컹׳ƵĻ⼸Ͱʵ
ºͼϰ죬ķǶ£ѦԱ߸˲赹ˮ
ʱ̫ˣһʼǵڵĻ½ĶҪˡ
ֱϼ޻ϰ˳ȥͷǣֻúЪһᡣ
һȻײһĻһ˫ֻҪ̫Ѩ˸顣һתͷѦòҪɵȥŵûæװ
ЦܻеȤͲ˰ɡ
ʱɽ˼ֻ𿡣
¾һסһֻɹ񣬴ϽСͲ

104 

ŴϢõΪصĸ, ҴϢõǻ𿡣
ѵҲ˺ܳʱĹ򣬶ⶫϾƷ֣ԷɵĲԶ, ҲںӰһȦΨһŵҲֻһﲻױ˻, Ըΰˡ
˽ܻһŵ㡪ΪǽɫԺ֯ıɫ, Ůٶϲ
ֻǶĳֻδ¶Ļ, ɹҲͲʮ, ϢӦҲǸϢ֪ķɹ, һдĻϾȻֳһŹֵˡ
ֹŹֵûһӾ뵽˽, ϴκһͻȻ˻ϣεһﲻ֪˭ܸһŨŨĲõԤС
ɻ, Щһﶼô£ôӶˣĪǶ״ﾫͶ̥
˵µ˻Ǹؤ, ؤ˭ûѾȥؤʵǲǵˡ
¿һᣬû˰˵Էֻڵ̽ѣΪ̽Լ񣬿Ҳ˶ԷȦס
, װʲô֪, ˵һʱԷԼء±õԸ
ΪʲôԸֱӸ˼ҶϡԼûʲô, һ֯˷裬ֱӰʣµļҴȫô졭˵ܣһĻġ
ϵ״ﾫվûô࣬ͬʱ˺ܶ࣬һֿһˮһˣڶֿǡѹͬһˡ
ûдǽ
ĽƽʱͬʵǲСı¶ԼڹµģڡĿ˵¿Ǹ޴ĴǶڽ˵ȴ̫Ѱ졣
ϾĿ˳˼ٷ⣬кܶڷʽģοŵº󣬷֪ݵ˲ࡣ
Ǹǵ֯վû취Ĵڵģʱǵ鱨ɹὭбİ취ºĵĶ˵ԼᱻȺǷﲻԵġ
Ҳȷʵû״ﾫܲϹèһϻû©֮㡣ճƶϣػһ֯Ĵֻصرѡ⼸ŵû׷Ӿĳ׷ˣǻȥˣ
ҴϣۿҴĴһŮ˺ݻķ羰ݹģÿݵ˿¶ϲĸ˵ļ˭¶ǰؤƽһ¼Ӻ飬ĽϵǷˡ
ؤϴʱ㱻˼ҺȥôؤȻƲ֪˶ĴԼĿڴͳһ
һոµһƱ
ǸǮͿĵط˭㳤ѿǺÿ˲̬ȣЦĴľ͸ؤ˽֮ʲô¶ؤϻҲʲôϡˡ
ǽ¾ϡˣؤȻҪѴϵƯŮȫг
𱼴ʱؤó˵ڶƱƱҶ֪٣øոջرɫһ䣬Ҵҵ뿪ˡ
Ʋ磬ػϳ˸ǮؤֻᴫС
ҲǮյģϤ˶֪иرĿ
˭ֻҪһۣԻ˵εļ
ʵִǸ̾ӣ֪жΪ˽
һʮˣÿ˶ɫǲһˡȻֻҪٿһǵԿ˵û
ʮˣʹִҲϢʧģοϢĵطˡŮ˲ͬ޴ȥ˵ҵһûļ뿪أ
ƯŮѾȫˣվһţԼƴûϤ
ûСûСûС
Щʧֱֲת뿪Ͼѵӻˣת˭ע⵽ġ˼Ļ˳ЩĹȻŹ˸ңȥˡ
ֱй۲ȷľǸԴǮؤ˿Ǳ߻㱨ƽϢ
ԼһվǸүֵطԱȻڶˡҲûʲô飬ֻǽԱߵһúĹ˰ͷԼ׼˯һᡣ
ÿı鲻һǼһֹ졣˭뵽һؤ˴Ǯ⣬˼ƯȻΪ˸ĦȻĵĲ۵㣬ǿ˵ʲôʲô
˯˯Ħ˻ǸĹǳҳһĵģʲô֣⼸˰
ȷʵǸˣ֪ʲôʱͻɢһаĸоڼˡԺһˡŮ⼸ˡǸĹһһĻش
ּļϢûмһԲ۾ͷϴһˣߣûмһӸ߸ߵģ۾һŮˣ
ŽʵĿҲͱ¶ˡȻôڸ˼ҳڸ˼׻
˼Ů˵ﶼһãȻź̾˿Ҵ˵ط⴬׵ģʲôʲˡ
󣬽һ⣬һرŮ˵𣿱߸ߵģ۾Ƿۣͦġ
⼸ֻҪһȥϢǴûõظҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪ⣬»ŵϣѾãˣȴÿζʡ
Ҳʲôʰײʵ顭Ҳֻǵ˳һɡˣΪǰһǲõ𸴡
ϵǣǸŮξȻֱӾ
ͬʱҲһ£ʧĴ̫ˣ䲻յ˵õķӦԼûӦ
ʵǸŮˣŮҲһ
ˡǸ˵ĳʱжԾһ£ȻȫĬĳĬ
ʹ˵ҵҲ˲κˡȻҲ̫ϸǸ۾״ôôǡ
һᣬǸĹ׳ʵǸ룬ʣʲôϵ
ʲôϵ˼룬˸ͨĻش𣬡ѡ
˵̧ͷ˿ǰļŮˣѹˡ˲ȷЩŮȷʵʶ£˵ڶ
ǵӦô£
ιһνһ¸ոյǸȴ͵һ¡
ķӦ˳˼
˵͸Ź죬͸Ų˵ĬӦǲɥĲİѻ¸˰ɡ

105 

²֪ԼĳʿĿѾˡ
ǱͦĳԶ, ¥ķͦóԣϾǻ˴Ǯġ
ﵹЩ裬ھֻըëһϾڷһжЩϡ
֮Ƥˡ
ղҪйڻµ, ˵һǻô, Ǽ˶ֵø˻±˵顣
ɥĲ, ʲôЩ˲ֱ˫ۣ˵
˺ܾҲûʳ, 뿪, ҪݾáϢѾõ, ʡ׼ߣвûָԼܵʲôѺõĶԴ, ϾֵһǸ̽鱨ġ
ɳϵǡվһӣҲվ̬ȿ˵ǷǳıϹϾ
Ǽſվ, , и˻˳ȥǱվŵҪúõ̺
ڽĶʮһ缶ķҲ뿪ģһžƮŻˮϴ֣û˰ǰ, ˴˴Ϻ, Ȼڴ˵ӡȵո´ʱ, ȫ¶Ȼһ£˸ϴʱؤͷ˴һ顣

ĬĬתͷ˿ͷֵطķѾôȫ
´Ժ󣬸ղǼӴŮÿ˱鶼ʮ־ֵľһǸŮʣ˭
ʶʣµļŮȻҲҡͷֲͱ˲һԭҿʱ򻹾أǼȻλ˵ѣǵǲˡ
ǵĿУٲȻѾΪĳӶǰȻǸؤǮУֲ˶ġ
Ҳ֪ʱЩ˵ؤ˶˭
³Ա㣬һ߻˯أͻȻյ˻͹һϢոǸ˺ľѡ
£
ղһ߸ȷѦĿŻ½һ滪¼ȷ磬һ߽ĿֽϢСĵס죬ȵ˵û뵽˾ȻǴ˵ľѡ
ٿĻ£ǳʶȤĲٶʡֵطŮǻῴɫġλ硪״ˣ˼죬Ͱס֯һҪ֡żоšλѺ״˵Ĺϵɲһ㰡ǸѱͲһ㡣
ȷʵһ㡣
˵Ǽ˹ˣѰһզģ˭
գ±ŵһҹδߡ
ţ˵Ǹ飬뻹ʱס˿ڡ
ŵòҲ򵥣ܶԴ˱Ȼ»Ҫ˽һ㣬֮ǰ˵һҲûʲôǰ쿴賬ͻȻ;ʱ˵ˡ
˵˷鷳
ջ浹ֵͦģȥ֮Ϳ˶ΧһʲôڿҲŴ˹ȥ˶Χһؿš
ǶŹ⣬ССһǷȴߣΪģΪⶫȷʵһ㡣
ɵһ仨ʽ̫Ǻüֻӣ꣬չһ䣬պÿԷⶫȻͷͦСǷȴӦúܳ
ԽǮǱȽеģⶫССģ㹻ͨ˼ҹһꡣ
ⶫļ۸Ѿһˣ˵ĹաŪúϸӦĻϸǳԴ֮֡
ⶫʲôֵʡ
Щǵġ־Աߵ˱ĵģһ͹ĻȥˣȷʵЩǵı־
йԴ»ýһ£ǰЩ˵֯ı־ǽ𡭡ⲻǸǸţűȾ䡣
Ǹʵ
ʱŴϢΪƻʲôģֻµ˵һ֯ҽһ֯ĵΣԺìԡͷżҲױα죬˶һ·ŵġ
ͨ˼ҸϤѵּ˵ĿŻҲȷ˭ˣ΢ȴͬαżϴˣǺ׳µģͷҲֱӷʼԱҪһƾ֤
ٸӣ¥ʱĺӾһƾ֤ʱҪȥʱܴܲһǰȥ󲿷ʱǹ·ģô˹ڲ˵±Լأ
һչʾһԼ֣һǡ͵͵öӣȻ
µĺõĲǶһ޶ģִ͸īҲҲڶöˣڲ̫ղĹŴⶫͦٵġǻµġƾ֤⣬ϻиָƾ֤
Ҳ죬°ճ֯ƾ֤ʲôʱԱǸСͷĿŮˣ΢΢һºûʲôƾ֤һñϳʹһӹȥ
£ɶ
ǸŮ˻ڸ½أӶҲð𡭡Ǿľ¥򽻵Ļ͵صĴ򽻵ÿȥһӰչһ£ҲҸƾֹ֤ϴǵģֱ˺񶼲ϴ
¿޹ֹ
ǣãðĴҲ̫ˣðһ²ǰаײˣ˭ð𰡡
ͷۣͷۣ˵֯Ȼܳôáǲװͷ۰ͻȻʣ⡭н𣿡
УҪʲôŮЩֵʡ
ȥ¡µ
Ĺ⽭õĽ𽳾ͱ˹ɵҲǸӣĿǰ֯µĳ򹤡˻µҪ̵ʱģߣȻ仨
ģ߲ǳĳģǽõĽ𽳣ռ˵ûܹˣ²գϸһ£ﶼ֡
ң껨Ľӱ֮ǰ֮ǳʡϣһӿ󽵵֧֯
ֻŵ˶Щûʶ¶˽ӵĿͷǻһŵùǺʱ⻨ȫ˵ˡ
ҵѽôƴְ˵ڲ
ȻҲûӻò˵Ҳȷʵġͬ
ӹڡƾ֤ϴ˸ָĹ򣬴ӽĻٵëϵļëȵȣһ̫ԡҵѡĶʣٲʹȻĲ
ʵûġ
ѡ²ۣȴ־ñϹ˫ۡ
ϵݸҪӲƾ֤£ҾȻûȥţȫΧⶫ
ֻнĬĬԱߵţԼһ¡
ֽȻ̽ġ

106 

ǮǸö
ʱ˿̾Ѿױ۷, һҲˣ֯Ǹ֯
ֽɨݡ⿴ŵݣǰѾֳɫȴڸסһе
Ӧþǳ˵, ϵΪߵƵģЩ顣
˵ͻ, ϣŸַ̧Ź, Ŀǰ֯Ҳûʲô¡ſôʶϿ, ¹˼ĻǼ, ôһ֯Ȼд, Ѿǳˡ
̬ȳϵĻ㲻ȽҪõĶࡣǽЩֵֹ, ͷβ͸һɹĸоԷΪʲôдţڰʾʲô
ֻ˵¸һ̫ĪԽӲǰԭ򵥵븴ˡ¼ʹǻԳı䲻, ʱж֯û취ı䡣
ſĥ˰, һתͷЩ˾ȻΧǿӿأĬĬǣǰע΢ŵ档
ȻǱȽǵˣôһǮǰǵ˱Ͼ¶ܡ
Խ֯Խľ˴ͷβ˳һ**԰֯ڸ˱Ҳͷβ˳һ¡
֮˱ԡ
ºôҲǸ˵Ĺ, Ѿ֯ƵԽӱ, ΪֻбȺ˲Ż, ĻЩ˺ܿͻһ
СƵģʱ滤ʿĻʿӿסµҲϲֻ꣬ǾӦøʡһ㡣
ԣʡ¡
ڶڸȺǴ򽻵ԽԽӦ֡úЩ˴򽻵Ҫһ㣬ΪʱһȺܺӣȫҪʲô̫Ĺƣùǣˡ
ɻµķ֯ҲԽԽԣԭ֯˻ΧͦģҲƮ˵ǳб**Ҳһıͷڹֻ꣬Ҫ²˵ǾԲġ
ԼҲǸܰˣҲϣ֯ܰһ㡣ԭΧǳ֪֯оȻѾһڵ¡һ֯ǱøΣԲͬʱҲӵ
ŵ˵ԭʨһߡⶾߵ˿ѷɫԭʨӡ
ԭ֯Ĳ²ѾܲˣӶ飬Ŷ֯Ĳθߵһ˵ĵز
֯˾رˣǴһصζкܶ鶼ԽԽġΡĽȷȷʵʵİȺ˸ɵˣⱲӿܶٿڶ
ŵУֻ֯л֪ܴ֯ڵǡǡΪû̫۶ӣڻµĹ£ʱٲȻԽԽ淶ơ
һ㣬ǾԲ̵ġηзӸĵϵңһ֣ŵİæԼڲ
ͳһϲķӣ½ӵϢʱ˵ѾھӶɱȻ˳ȥ
ڻ˵ֱһոպŵ˵Լ֯ȫ޺أͳһ
·еʣӵˣ
Ϫɽ
ϪɽԼ̫ѨǰǸڵˣԸȥϪɽץ
ϪɽػԱߵһɽҲûȥһֱ˵ͦӵģؽɽ׶Ҳ
Ҳܿõ˵ϣȻڵͷȴ¾ػ£һµĹ򶼿ѽȫˣǶ˵ŻȥһµıҪġ
ȥ˻ȻҲʶһȺĿ˵õǰȥϪɽȥѰɱ˺ܶ˵ķӡ

ǰõ˻µϢ׼⼸ȥһ¡
ƺ̵ĽֵȻŴ񲢲ϡƺ̡ĸ֣Ƕڴ󲿷ֵĵط˵ȷʵѾǡƺ̡ˡ
⼸Ҳ̫ƽҲһֱ룬¾ȥأ
ճĽ˻õĻݣؤģ˭ǽϻ˲˶ϳϴǸ״˵ġѡ
Ӧģ˲ӵϢͷĿ˸ǰȥд
˲һѻʵ۵Ĵ
ҪһΪδҶڽݶûлɡһǽֵ̫ȻûκĸоǿջˡĲŻðѡ
˭ð˵ѣΪʲôҪôΣյ£
ԼºҲûѡ飬ΪˣԾͲˡϵûһҸġ
ǲѣСźǶԵǲǣ
ȣԸȥóԺúȵչ˽ûʲôΣա
ԽȫλźҪϴȥȻҲûʲôʡ
ԱԺҡڵľͳȥˣ˸һ뷨طŻҪá
󣬽ĳﲻ俴ϤӰڽǳžǡ᲻ͻȻĳ֣ڽֽǵĿȵꡱ
һֱ֣Բȼ졭Ҳİ
һֱر
ҲǡĿһԱȥϪɽûȥϾǻµĴҪ˵Ļŵ˶Իûô˽ˡ
һԸ뷨Ϥͻµ˶֪СûĬаֶһеһ
ʵŵѾǸӵϪɽķӺ֯ϵһ˵ģκûʲô֤ݣʱҲ¶ۡ
ȥ׷ɱһɥĲķȣʱҲϲֵطĳԳԺȺȵġ
أɻ½졭ҲҴ
ء˵ġ
أͻȻִϵ˶ˣղŵǸȻһֱȸղŸŵٶ˹ȥܵĶͷһĺļˡŮꡤʲôȻҲö˵ˣȫˡ
Ůȫͳ֬ױԼÿ·깫ȫ˾̰˶һ¡
ȫԸ״̬ô¡йˡŮôҲеģϾ׬ǮĻᣬȺꡤڸôҲͿ֬Ĩˣ
׼֮һϴϲúÿˡ
»ûأʵеûţ̫ˣѾĿˣٴôһߵ·ȥ²Ǹһӡ
ҪҪαװһٽȥ
¿Աߵ˵ûСͨ·һ
Աߵˣ

107 ҵ

ȻڻΪʲôͻȻҪͨ·е, ǰվˡ
Ǹ˺ܿһµͨ··ڰٲϲ·ͦģû̫ĻװΣҲûֹĴ, ƽƽһӻ·
ͦϲôһ·ģͬʱҲø·Ҳͦ, һӾͰڳĿʲôԱߵ, ·, Ȼ˳
߳Ļ¾ѾڻʱȻͬˡӾǸͨĿ˵, ǽûдߵ·, ڿɵġ
Ҫ̫˸ҡµԼһ˳Ŵȥ׼ôƵĵƹˡ
һãȻ, Լð쳣棬ΪȷʵЩ֡ûдأߺȻɹһֻŸ, ۳ǳɹġ
ۼֿİѸӽӵ, һգҺھڴϣǵ
ѸϵֽŵҸƧĵطһ£ͨõİдһλ⻰, ӵġ
ŵǲҴ, ǵƴϢ֪, ⴬ϻһλ
λòҪһʲô顣
󡭡Եеͷۡ
Ҳֻںһ䣬˭֪Ȼ̯ˡžҪ¡
λ˭أ
Ȼǿ̡ȻһĴ󰡡
ĬĬسŴͷ˹ȥλʱ˿Ӧû
վ˵λڴϣҲֻȽٵĶ¥һһЦ룬ǰǸаɣ
ǿɡ̫Եˡ
ȷȷʵʵڶ¥¥ĳӸĵط˻ֵطͺܰȫˣƹĸǰ⸽Ӷˣˡ
ƽ·ĻϢ˶¥˭Ҳע⵽Ĵڡƿŵʱ򣬾Ϳλƹ
Աмڷ̵Ѿߣ¶˦˸˳ȥ
֪Ҫˣҹ͸ϹˡǸƹЦݵĶԻµֻôô̫Ծıʲô
һͲǸʵˡ
¿˺ȻҲ˳㣬̧ƹһۣԱһֻӣϡ
Ļ翴ʱĿƹһۣͷųһɱ
̸ɡ
ԴҪǿӲķʽ̰ĵҲһ
ƹĻЦţȴ˲Դٿµ۾

Ŷ¥˹ȥͻȻһֵ£¥һֱ˰֡Ȼû˵طȴһֱѲߡȻɵʱȥȻû˰ֻ֣Ҫ˹ȥͻᱻ˶ϡ
Ȼû֪ﵽǲǡڵĵطǽڸƵʱȻܵһǿҵɱӹ˲վ
ɱ
˲һǿҵԤСǵطĵˡĺпܾǸС
˲ȥǻ侲ҪڳȥĽͿˡ
Сȥ벻ھȥ
ԥһᣬȻȥ׼ʽٽȥʼ⸽һ˲ײķʽ㡱
ֵطܻиԽȥǣڵ껪õʱ˸ȦӾͳ˽·ˡھԡ··ߡ
Ļ»ڸǸƹġúáͨƹڻµɱ¶ͷѾ亹ˡ
ʹٺʹҲܺúõ˼¸ֱܹɱʲôĸоȣȱžǷյָо
Ȼܺúõ˼վסѾˡ¾ϾĿλƹģĿ˼άԽԽ
ɲǵƾ־ܽ顭ûеʵҲӣƹĿǸɱͦеˣѰ
º˿ڲ裬˱֡ϾǻƣҲֱ̣߻ϰԵķһСӣʱʱ̸ʱдôһʣⱻ֯˴ڡСˡλϴǸرǳˣֻлԼֽ֪ϽһλϵļӼ˳
֪ˣӦѧġ
ڻڲõҺôѧʱӹŵĲ񲿣ҲҺѧУ˱һֱȽ±ƣԱ׼˷ʽǻġ
²̫̰ģӦô룬ʱѧ㣬᲻ϧԼûѧũҵѧأѧũҵѧ᲻ٿϧԼûѧźѧأ
¾ôһ˼άƫһĵ㣬ƹȷʵǸ˱һЩˣܶԴǳ˻ǲ֮ǰͰ˱˲ġ
ŴȷʵйĿˣ¼ǵԼ꿴ʱͿһȻǵʲôˡλƹʵҲǸ˲ţһֱĿĴţȷȷʵʵǸ˲š
ڻֹʵɱ£־ټᶨ˶һЩġ´ͷʵβΪƹľҪӹȥˣͻȻʵһʱƹѿڶһֵ֡
ͷκģ˵ڵʱûӦǿ·˱ͻȻͣһ㶣ȻʶԼ˵ˣ˲ͷ亹
¸ոջڰķ˱ȻЦˣЦݳϣԽԽԽԽһŤĻȡ

˺ܳܳʱ䣬ֻȷһС·ӴһͷȥץŴߵĴ壬͵ʲô
ȻƻҲȷʵЩ񣬵ǽҲǸ뵽ʲôʲôˡ׼ȥҪӸڵȥڵ˻ͦģмˡŮ깫ʲôģ￴Żһ㡣
ոƹȣһȻ˸ϤıӰ
ǱӰѾ˺óʱˣûתǴʧ顣￴ʱ뵽Ĳҵˡǡţô
ô
Ǳʲô˺ƵΣյĴϵΣյĵطģ
һ̽ѧ̿Ǳ飬ŭĳ˹ȥΪʲôŭ塭رĸо
׿׵ˣôһҲȫ
۳ŸڲԶǸĪУȻλƵһߣܺõӣ
ŭ˹ȥȥһץסոʰ̣ʮֲĻµĸ첲
һ̣ˡ
ԱЩдˣڵļˡŮ͹깫ǡ˲伯ˡ

      108 

      ղŽǻ˰춼ûȥ￴ſһˣ Եøׯ£һʲôŹֵӡ֮£ֶ࣬ ڣˡ
      Դһ£ Ⱥ֮еĻ¾ǸĿˣڽи񡭡;С᣿
      ΧϹЦݵȫһ Ϊ֪ڵĳȫװģߺֵĳʵԶԶļžˣ Ͼòô뷽跨ЦǴջǶĿͶ˽ץŻ¸첲ϡ
      һ̣ڴҵб쳣ߴ󣬸ߴĶ쳬ǳˡ
      ±ץ¸첲ҲЩ£ĵһӦǴ˭קĸ첲Ҳе㻣ȵһתͷ ȻһɺӽŵװͷƤϣ ë׶ըһ¡
      ʶ ϵóǽ
      ȻǸֶ̬Ҳѧģʹѧˣ һֵҲô֣ƫڽõؤһ׼ݡ
      ˾ͱֹվ˰죬 Աߵ˸㲻ô£Ҳҳȥˣ һǵĶͷboss һ˻֪˭ȵȣ ϸϣ˲Ǹ˭𣿲ǰЩӹ˵bossѵǸؤ
      ʱһһңԱ߸ԹȺڣһʱ˼ǧп֣µ췭ظǲ֪Щɶ⡭
      ڽӲ˰κȻΧЩҲô£ôΧҲչ߰˽µģϾЩӵѪЧġ
      ԱһʱոջһĴһεıҶʼ˺ֵֿ΢Цڡٸ˵úˣҪȻгĻĺ塣
      »û˵ʲôأȻקĸ첲һѰһСû˵ĵطȥˡ
      ڻϵ˵Ǹ̼ӡ
      ˶һİקĳλеĸ첲Ӷ¥һ·ܵһ¥ÿ˿ʱı鶼˾֡𾪡־塪ٵǿе̡
      Ҳû취һ·϶ڷɫиұֳһ㲻ԵĿ¶͵شˡ
      µĽæµקŻ´Ӷ¥һ¥ߵʱǾ˺üṦõһ¥Ȼʼ֪ͨһῴʲôֵ鲻Ҫ̫ȣȵקŻȥ˴Ϻ󣬹µĻҪѸղΪܿû֪ͨĵط֪ͨһ顣
      ;ýеֵֹģҲ˵ָ֣оʲôĳּ𡭡ǣĳѧҲǡ
      ֮һжô˳ôô壬ô㣬ȻҰ㡣
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      109 ϸ˼ֵĳ

      ʵΡ͵˵ ֻҪ˵Ĵţǿ䣬߶ǿ
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      110 ֱ

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      111 ߵ

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      112 ʵ˺Ϻ

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      콭ĻҲͻȻ˵ʱ˵Լ£Ȼȥ˵ģǶʵ˻˵ȴǸصĳŵ

      114 

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      115 һ

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      ÿ󣬱鶼𾪵ģΪӡеĳЩȷʵЩһ
      
116ʳ

ʰĺܸɾ, ҵٶȺܿ죬ڽ֮ǰѾѺۼɨɾˡ
ʱ򣬻Ѿûһ, ڴϵĳںŲ衣
һеһпûʲôͬ, ոսʱûзָղŽֵϵΪϸոշһ¡ʱ϶һĶݸ˻¡
ղŻȥʱ˳㿴ùġ, ٲǱ߼Ĺġ
±ٲáŪһ£Ǹ޴İ, 涼һѻ·, еʳʲôģô㶫Ҳ֪ǻ˶೤ʱĹģһ
ʵĹͦʱ, Ǳߵ˶ΪˣûҸ߰ٲ, ȥҾ˳Ѷùˡ
˵¡šһ
Ȼ㻹ŵ£Ҳ˳ŵˣʱûмڿջ, ȫȥϪɽ
·, ·ϲĿʽ, ֳֿɧ֡Ӱ˿ӽ, ӦǰٲſǼ, , 滹з, 㻹ǳظϢɣôûϢӦҲżˣҺ㻹ţȻ治֪ôţԭǶûϢ͸Ѿˡ
𰡣ö
¿Žʵ˵ĳɳ˵ӦǸͦȱĺӣǻ±ûܸһʲôֵʲôġ
ǽǰ˵Ļ£ֱЩ񲢲һ֪ӡ
ԽǸʲôˣ㻪¾ԽԽãˡ
ȻʱȥǰٲﻹҪһƽġһ䡰ոմͷǱߺ˴ˡͰѽָʹƨƨߵ˹ȥԼ̯һֽſ棬ŻŸôд
ƿŽ˻һңֻһţ֮
ůֳģǱǵĵطƽʱ´;ڽ˻֮
ڼ仹в˽»㱨컨£ԤڽһﶼææˮֺͷΧ׷½ţ糿»ոˮˣˮֵĿ־Ҳһˣ»취һ»ϵˡ
Щ¶߰Ķһ𣬵ǻͻȻ̫봦Щ£ϽдꡭϵЩҲһʱܹõ𣬻ȷţŪŪŪ
ʵյٲþΥţֳʵĸоͺʱһֱЩĵطĨƽһ˵ô¡
ԱߵһŮﻪī¾͵ͷ˼Ÿôд
ոдһСκһŽµת۾߽һˣǺϲ»㱨ղǼˮֵ˵
ںϲıֽĽ˼ˣǰʱͻ½һϺǣǵ죬ʱ˿Ȼϲ˵ʲôﶼԼ̡
ǰʱǱΪǸ޴ľǴʱ˿ȴͻȻôȷˡΪղŻµĳʵǾˡ
ַǳ޵ĸоͬʱҲʶ˻µʵ²Ǵ黨޵ô򵥣ҪҪһ㡭
жߣǴʱ˿ȴѾ̫ȷˣһվȺ书ˣҲȷǸȥ롣
ʵǸʱһǵʱȫ˶һٱᣬ˭⽭ϾȻһͳֶİ
ϴδֹˣԼʹǲ²⣬Ҳĸȥ롣
ڴѾᵽһ˿˿ڲͬͷҪΪ¥ʷҰİǰᵽЩͷһ
ɰƨɿŴӴȥˮֵԼ˿ȥȻֻȥ˯ˡ
ϲҳΪµƺˣ֣ص±µĺɳƵԵոͳԱһѲ˵Ҹ˼Ϻ꣬ʹճصͬϷһ
ֵͷһֱˢˢдֻд˵Եոڳˡ
ϲڻ¾ôģֻûе뷨ɲ⣬ոڻϽ˲һʱ͸ɵˮֵЩˣڴϵ˶ڻµ̬Ҳ֮ǰЩ΢ĲͬԴʱ˿̲̫ҴŻ£ֻһһ۵ĸ˵š
ԱߵŮ滪ר־īˮеȫûӰ쵽һǺЩϺ겻һֻǴͨˡ
ŮֽɫûȥѡʲôˣϾԻط˵һǶԳ䵱ŮĽɫ
Դûĵطﻨϵ̬ЩͬҪ֪ﻪ¼ʹǴӻקˮЩŮҲЩĲɵģʹûбֳǻ»ܸоں¡
Ҳ˵ô£ֻ֪ˮȵĸŵûţźȼھˡǿ֢ĻȣԲ֪ȵľе㱥
ϲ˵ĻȻҲţֻһһ߷ŸٲõŸôд˵һܲܲʲôزȥɣ򶼸һʳٲֶϲʳ֡
ôһ룬½ľеˡ
ղźϲһֱڻ㱨˵ؼʱ򣬺ϲͻȻһ˦˱ʣȻĬ˰Ρ
һ㶣˵ԼǲС˵ʲôˣ
ôһˤʣ˵ǺϲˣҲŽĿ˻£뿴Ҫ˵Щʲô
ϲվ΢ЩĵŻ¿ڣʮ룬ڿˣʣ
ߡʲôóԵʳ𣿡

ţ
ϲһãȻ
ɶ
ǼϺҲһãȻҪǻ⻰ͻȻûӦ
ĳϴѾϰ̸һЩ£ҲЩͷˣôͷһʳ
ǸʳɺĿǣǼʲôһһʱôҶ֪˵Щʲô
ֻЩϺ˲ðĸп
ԭ˻ǸӰ
ԭǸӵ»ô˷ɰ
Դ˻һֱرǵĸоûйӵһ֣Ǵʱ˿ͻȻֳһ˿˲̫һĵطȻЩϺôġ
¿Ϻȫסˣ˵ҲʲôѵⰡĪЩôʲôʳóԶ֪Ҳ̫ûˣ˵ˣԼһȥҵʱ򣬾ԱߵļŮмҸĶܺóԡ⻹һЩȥء
ģһ䣬۾ͻȻˡ
ϲһߣŻ²̸ʳ£ͻȻеЦãղôãԭΪ¡
ò˵ǸôʱصķӣֵߣϲƯ·ϲÿˣһϲʳ
ţĸӻӵģĸϴӵģ
Щһϴ󡭡ʵЩأúϲһʱֲ֪۵ĸо֪۵Χ˶Իµ̬ȣͷһοи֯ϴôµҲôġֳŮƼʳģ
ǿŮ۷Źģֺܸ˵ӡ
ӻһֱĸо˵ô£зֶġ
ǼϺ΢ʣһ£ǿǵµֵȻҲûһ˸վͻӲգҲֻܿȵ˷һ
ϲȻЩȷ´ʱ˿ͻȻھװͿĿˡղ˵һʵЩУͻȻڴʱ˿̿ڴϣĻû˵ȥ
ոա˵Ǿ仰
Ů۷ŹĸƼ⸽ʳϲȻ뵽½糿ڻ£ò⼸Ůߡ½첻ڣпǾͻᱻͳȥˣȻ˸̫õ뷨
˲ɥĲ񵽰߻˰ɡ
ʵϺϲĵǺе
ϣ˻Ŀ˷յĹ̹֮ĵģͻȻȫһ𵽱ըĸ㡣
пǶķ֣ϵ˾屻ζջ괩һ

117²Ӧôڵ

¾⼸촬ϵ˴ſζʲô, ĸ㶼һJJζǵŴûǾֶĺӦǸܾ˵֡
ڹŴʵҲǸеı־, ˻ƴֵĵططܲǵһ, ǻܾ˻ᵱǡ
ִҲǸζƫصıˣ˹ŴȻͱ˿ζܵˡִûԼ¹, ˹ŴŷкܶණǲԵġ˵JJĸ㣬ַ⡣ֶ, Ըѡ, øƹϿС
͵°ٲһֱΪǸζƫ嵭ˡ
и˺ͬװѡ
ϲһŮϲĶҪǸִˣžȫ·, 󻨻ָżһ, һһ̲С١ϧǹŴǸƢ꣬Ĵ, ÿָJJĸƴġС()
µսľ, һֱŬҪϹ, ֹûȵصԳ
˵ϲҲһ, û֮ǰ, ͷǳϲ, ¥ͻϲͬ, ǲһ׵¡
¥봩̵·⣬ǳԵĶһֱǴƴı䣬ȫ¥¶ôԣ籾ҲŽִŵģԸñ֪ϲʳ飬ǴƯ·ۣϲֻԵɣ
Ըһһ̳һ̳ĺȾƣҲԸⱩ¶ԼǵʵżԵʳʱж档
¾⼸ֱǵͺĺһҸûˡ
˵ҲǸͦˣȻԼ̹Ҳһ棬ϱȻͦģõķҲġ
䲻ôһطÿ첻˵ϵ˾ͶһƯ·һJĸԣرġ
ЩΪʲôôأӦðͬһʱӦͬһ籾𣿻Ÿ΢ЩãȻ뵽
ôطͬԸջķӦȴȻͬеãȻҲ벻׵ôһ¡
˿ĸ㣬ĬĬط£ַ·ڲ
һᣬתͷԻµ²ַˡ
⻰ĪЩ飬ǸĻں档
Ҵ̽ô죬ϴǸˡϲɫ·˵ϸϸģۼΪǸŮˡ˵˻ǲҲݣҼǵ㴩Ů˵·ҲͦŮš
һˮԼǺֵˣҿɲС
ľ飬ǽûô˼̹̹ĺͻ·Լ뷨
пжȵġϾȽ˷ģİϴŪȥպָٵϴȥ˵ȥ˾û˻ῴ𡣡
һۡ
ԭ㻹Ū˵˵ôŪ
ˣһ¡ͻȻһʱϪɽǱ߻ûʲôչĻҪݹȥһˡڻϪɽǱ߾˭ڱ󵷹ݣ˵Եˡ

Աػصı䶯˺ܶ࣬˼ˡ
ŸոϤһ»Ŀǰŵ˺񶼺æӣԴǵǰҲǺæӣֻüżߣһ´ŵעȻ͸ûʲôµĻ׼ȥϪɽ
֮ǰǵ˵һЩϪɽйص飬پǾͲö֪ˣڽϵ˵ľʵһ˭Ҳ̫ܰס
ˣҪﳤȥǼǵСһˡ档ǰŵǰһͻȻתͷ
棿˭ļɻû˵
ǴŻߣ˵ŮһԱߵһǰĵҪȥϪɽĻǲһܼϾ̫ǻȥˡ
ҲһԱһЦеƦͦ˧ЦˣǡǾֱܾˣù飬˵Ҳû취ԸȻǼʹҲһӵĹ
Ȼͦ˧ģЦд˿˵İʾѾȺûõǱŵɪɪˡ
棿Żӵߣ
ȻǴ󲿷ֶŵˣǻٲʮֻԾˣʼ˼ͻȻðǰ˵Ļʲô˼
ϴδһŻ߶ҺܳˣЩŶߵϷˣЩôæµΪˣ
һʱڴҵԺж˸µϷлʵǸթƻ󣬾׳ƵĴ
˵ĵһӡͲʲôӡ
ټϸղЩǰģ˵ԲһȽϾ
һɤӣ˵ܼĺݼթŻߣǴŻ·˵Щˡ
ŵ˾ͳ͢򽻵ģ˶ܿƵ뵽һ׼
̫ǡ
ģð׵˵֬۰ͿĨҪȥϷһüۼҲǴһ˵ɷ֮
ôһ룬ֱǡ̫ˡ
ʵڲܹǣֻǹŴ׼ľǹ̫ˡ
Ҫ˵Բʵ֮ͬȴȫûб˺̫ࡪԣǺ̫඼ǸˣǸ˵Ĺ¡
浽ʲô˰Щ˼˾ͳû֮ǰʱȥ飬ǻϻûдſҲƾԼЩģ̽˰죬ֻܴػײķһɷɵŻ桱ǵ쵼ˡ
Ǽ°
˻ͨϢ˲ΪʲôΧôˣɵ֯ɴСǿŵ̬Ⱥɵ֯ԲʲôС֯
˯һޣڶ׼ȥϪɽ
ϵһѡԼҪʲô·ĬĬ˵
Ī÷Ӧ
ðɣǰ촩Խ첻봩ˣλеĿζԽԽ𰡡ĬĬָһߵ˵
˻ᣬƺǰĺһ
İ·ϣھǰʼͿĨױݡ
¥ʱ뻭ʲôױǼɹ顣Ȼ˶ʰĲ˵ˡ
ױʱʹǰ˲ˮŮﶼһֵֹֹĸоֻǸͨŮ˶ֵֹֹĸо
˶ѿڵĺܺã綼ܿóֻǿһۣܲ³ԷЩʲô
Щ˶һ˿һ

˻֮֬ˮۼֱ԰˶
·ŭˮϣѧΪʲôǶһ˻ױôãÿ춼ͻױƷȻ֪ʲôȱԲȱ
⻭绹Щ԰
֬ˮۣһٳƤڻ˸ֺϲױݡ
ֱΪճˣЩҪǲͶҲͲûˣĿǰ뷨ˡ
¾ĲǷӣЩǽܵļֱ쵽¡ȫһ˼ʱ̫¶ҪԼǲҲҪһˡ
ױĻĶ˱һźȻˡ
˵˽ﻹקСӡ
ЩӾĻ棬Ҳİˡ
Ů˶Ի˵ǵûˣֵڱ׷ɱ
û˵̫࣬Ϊ¶
С΢ЩŵĿŻ£˴˽ŵĿţ˫۾ɵôġ
ǻ̫£ƾֱҲʶǰӦòԳ֣ԱֵöʮֵĹɡ
ӵĸĸһǷӣڱ׷ɱ򲻻ᱻ͵
֪ʲôʱʼԴԴϵҪ
еǱˣеǵݣͶ·״֮󣬻յġ
µͷ̾˿Ա˿㣬ŪСӣԺסһʱòðкܶİ
ǽŮ˰Ŀźһ㶼ͬĻ¡
Сվ¶ͣ¶˻ᣬķ
ǿ³úÿҲǸ𣬷ϡͿľЦˡ
һᣬǱ˴һط

ǱĲ֪֪Ǹħͷ㹻ˡ
ǼҵЦǸƦ˧Ʀ˧кӣйڻʱȴûж˵ֻǶ˵һ仰
޷סԼ꣬ǵѪʹŲɾĶ
ˡʲôӣʵ
ܿ¡ǸкӳĬ˰죬Ҳֻô˵ǸӦôڵˡ

118ǰ

ˮصˡϵһǸϵ˶Իµ, ϲ㣬ˮϴôģĵ˻ʮǰˣͱѡ
ˮǸܻҵĵط, кܶƽʱţʲôʱҲټ˻˵ֵ, ƽʱȻţھпܻʱ
Щһ򿴻Щˬ, ȻҲһ˿ڲסȻֱܷЩϸ΢Ķ, ֻȴûеǹ¡
Ϊʹû·Ϲ, ҲûС
Դ˵̬ĲмģûôǿֻԶ󿪵벻úˮ, ǲǿԷıǸһ㣬һٰȫŵ
, Ŀǰ뷨ֻڼƻУм軹÷ȷһ¡
Ϊһʵʵַ֣ϱ϶һ²һµĻ´ûаЩ˵, źͻϵ˶ڻµӡͣǸܷܴҲܲƵӡϡ
ʵµķԼʱӡ
ֻл֪ͷβûзκθı, ǸСĽԼ, Ҫ, ˵ŵʱһһ, ھҪΡ
ֻһּ, ʱԼЩɫǱ, ʲôӶ԰ݣʲôӶαװҪЩݳĶԼ𣿺Ҳδء
ɫΪİȫŻ᲻ͣرɫӦҲࡣ
һ㲻Լ·󣬻ºİõһЩԼƽʱԲ飬Ǹ̫ԴǵˣΪΰݳһ˾ȫҲһ¡

ÿϪɽǰ涼ʮ֣ǰĿյϼֱΪѾƬյȫΧͨǽɽģȫʲô͸ʲôˡ
ΪóŸɴɽȫϣȻʱ۲ɽеĶһд𣬾˹ȥΧ׷½£ǵİΧȦԽԽСۿϾҪˡ
ЩǾʮֲһǳڶûбץڰǰӰȥ٣һ
ҾͲˣŵЩ׷ԽԽˡϲڳͷϵ
걻ЩĥĿҪľˣŵ׷ѾˣͻȻðһȺ˱ŷġӣʹǲҲҪӣڵѾǿնˣȫǱЩĻеĥġ
ЩѾȡţΪˡħĴʡ
źͳЩ˶ǶħǳǸдˡ
Ǹڲͣĥǲһ꣬ΪϢ֪ðʱȡȴֲֻ֣ôĵš
ԼѾǸˣɱ˲ֹһˣȫֻΪԼһʱϲʲôܰŵֱЩˡ
Щ˾ȺϢĶħĥ²͸ЩΪʲôҪһжա
ҲʹЩʱˣƺǵͷЦһ£˼һᣬΪи˲͵ûš
иˡ
˭
شǵûбɵĸоֳǵĺ˼ǡ
ЩĶأرԭֻΪһ˵Ը
ʮĸоһŪڹ֮СĴ󲿷ʱ̶ûָоȴ̵ᵽˡ
Ǹ˵𽥱ø˵ĳԽԽģʼļ죬껹ܱסǣӽʱѾ𽥱ˣһ紵ݶᴥе񾭡
ľ״̬£жǸ˵ҲԽԽѾòһࡣ
ӦҪֲסˡϲԻµ𣿡
ԥһ£һȽεľ
͵øȥˡգԻ˵ʱϪɽ鲻Ҫû³û¾úΡ
֮ΪȥϪɽΪϪɽһˡ
Ϊ˰ŵ׷ЩӿνǷϾˣǰ˿λ˹ȥЩƽﶼϪɽĸ
绪¹ȥˣ»ĳ
»Űʱ·һվȻһʱҪȡ깷ͷģڳжŵĻ˶±ơ
ǵĥϴǸأҪʲô۶Ӱ
²ǾԼǸϲ۶ӵˡҲǲмڸǽֻ͡°ŸôģΪԼַˡ
Ȩһ»źʱȥϪɽ磬»ȻȻѡ񡭡˵־һС
ôһֱţϵ˲ȥĵزյϢͽһǰȥϪɽһٵʱ򣬻·˿ĸо
Ȼ鲢ûнڰǰ·ֶһѡϪɽֱӺŵ˻ȥҲѡֱϪɽҹá¡ֳ׵Ĵ
ҲǸص飬ĿѾˣ²֪ȷԼյϢ
£ôһҲʲôֵˡ
⻹иŵ㡪ǰûµָһʹԼ¼Ͼŵʵ۾ԲǸȻԣʶ˶ô򵥵ˡ
˼˼һ죬ʰʱԵЩĲɵġĲԾôˡ
²˵ʲôĶֻԼЩ˶ѡʰһʱȻְһƿƿ޹޻һ㡣
û˵ҪЩ˭͵͵ģ
Ȼһ룬ҲûóȥֻǰİѶ˻ȥ

иǰҪˡһЩ˶˷ܣֹһĸоļŵ˿һãȻ
ȻһӣǽľԼ롰νˣĵʱǻǻԼ˵Ĳͬ
˭ĸǰҪˣæ׷ʡ
ƫקǵʱͻһģͻҲ˵仰ǲŵĺĳԱǶڻµӡĺá
ʵ»һ¡ԴŵϢţȻҲΪд澭ˣһЩ˵ֱ͸λϲͷһŽ⡣
»ܴϢţţ
Ǹǰʱ䲻ǰҪǻ̫ˡǸһϲɫĸݵǲ֪ǸǰɿˡҪǻǶòʲôģǸǰرϸر棬Ƣرá
һٿ䣬ˣԺ룬Ǹ˶԰ɣ
ҿ˵ӡǰɲֹֿݵİ

119ôҵͬѼ

ڻ»û֮ǰ, ѾȺ֮СһѡԼҲû鷢
Ҫ˵»ҲǼ飬ΪЩӶŵ˵ǸĥЩ˵, ÿ˶Сľģһֻʲô顣
ºȻսһ˵ر, ƢԸرĺ, ر׵ǰ, ĸ˲أ
ȺǾ͵Ȱȡ
κŵǰûиȺһ¡λǰ⡣
ԣȺĿǰֻ֪Ҫ˸ǰ˭Ҳ֪λǰϽҪֵġ硱
͵º˵⡭
¸ȥϪɽ, Ϫɽ˱, ǿҲҪ, Ҫ¶ʲôֵı, ʲô¡
ûϵܵ㾪šȻҲ֪ܾܶ١
뿪֮ǰ˼顪ŷˮ˵ԼҪȥϪɽ
ͬˮֺͻķ˽һ, ϪɽҲ˽͵͵еģֻ֪ϪɽΪҰɽʱɽ, Ϫɽȫŵˣעǲġ
´ӽյһϢ, Զ﷢ʲô, ˮͲˡ
˵˼ȥӦҲܴ̽, һˮֵôأ
ΪΪ˼°ֱӴűӽη, ǲ֪ܴܲĹ, ǴĻ, ϵ˵ܡ˳֡һѡ
˲̬, ֱӰˮֺ֮˸ߣȻԼյȥϪɽԱ߻Ÿ
ɽ֮¿ʼʱ·֮Ȼֲ̫Ӧĸо˵ΪʲôԼһѰ˼˰죬ȻһİƣѵΪ·ûߣ̫ԣ
һûԼȥɣȻȥ˵ŵ˾˵һݾͺˣʲôֵ˾ץץӦҲס
ֵˣ
˵ȺһֱڸץˡҪȻǸгҲôʱ䣬ԭΪǻڴ϶һʱأһֱץˣҲֻܻˡ
°Ĵϣֵʵûа취ץͱ¶һݣ̽һǵķӦԴϴ֮ںڣϵӦ˲٣װһģȻ̽ǵʲôϣ˵㣬𣿡
ˡ
֪ҪĿģȻǧİʲô
תɽɽһ̣λŵҲͬʱһɽ
Ǽǳɺϵ£Ȼŵļ˲ǵɽģһλǰһȥġ
⼸ȦѾԽԽСˣҲһˡǸǰתͷЦΧҰޣ
ȦӶѾôСˣô˻ǼأǼ˵
һֱڰǣȻڻץ˭ڵϵץϧɽȺֱϤΡǸǰǶûʲôϵǼ˵ĿԺСġ
Ȧžḻصģ⼸ȻҲɽʵûиʲôҪĵطǵξȦɨһɨû©֮㣬ͼİ˳㾭ȥҲġ
Ϊ£ԴǵǰԵøɡ;ͣúó˸緹Ҫ֪ȦڿǼһٱһٵģˮȲϡ
Ϊһֱ㵽°࣬˭֪Ǹǰıͱֱֱһԣһʼļ˻׷ʲôֱǸǰһվǲſиϸ΢Ľӡ
ոˣ˲侪
ǰҲɢ˽ŵ״̬Ĵ˾ӡӣ˿»ûԶ
ôҲ˳֣
δֵ⣬ǰͻȻǰһڣŵڵϲʡ£ļ˴ͷβĿọ̈̄һ˳ǰ󣬽һӴ˹ȥ
Ǹ˻ĳתͷ˫۾ر˹ĿǴ۵ĺɫżˣ˫Ѫ۾޶һ˵ԭﻹŵ˰
սĵͼţͻȻԶһҽС
͵̧ͷȥҽеķԶڸûߵֵΧֻתţ˵Ӧòʲô˰ôͻȻﴫ˲ҽУĪǳѾ˰ΧȦ
µĴһʱЩãȻѸٵĳǱ˹ȥ;˼ϵˣϵļҲһãȻĿɴ⼸Ҳϼܡ
ڵ˸ǰûȵ棬ԼϢ˹ȥոտͿ۾վ
˶̶ʱʣˣһһŮеĿʵҲѾȾѪŮ״һ㣬ԿҪˡ
һ㶣ɽһӣĪǻϵûסԼ²Ƥ̫
ĬĬذͷת˻ϵˣžͿһҡͷҡĸ˹һ뻮һ
ǡǳͬ飿Ҳ԰ҪͬڱƳ
ţ²ðһ󵨵Ĳ롪ˮǰ˰ɡ
˻
һʱ仪²֪һôһԼ֮ǰ֮ʵĻˮһֶˮ˵״̬˸ոµʶ
̼ǵõҲǳɱ˺Ͷûκƻģ˵ȫƾܡⲻһɺϣһ崫ͳЩĻʵ統ҲͦȻҲԼΣյĴ֪Ǹ֪Σյǲǻˡ
ţǲҪȺѧϰĻžͺá
Ҳ˵ʱ򣬻΢ſԼֻôһ˲䣬Ǳ׼ǸֵתͷĶס˻²ķ
ţŵҲŲݴ￴˹ȥĿǰ˵ʲôǱһǸ۾ȴЦ˵ˣҶѾˡ
ˣŵĿ˭ŵ˻ǵˣ
С´μǵðβͲصʵһ㡣
ϵ⻰뻮һİͷת˹˵Ķǡͬ顣
´󷽷ĴӲݴ˳
ʵ̫ԣһ¶棬Ǹ۾˾΢΢۾
þöûϢˡû뵽Ȼšİѽ飬˳ԭղûý
ˣŮǲʶ£ڻ³ֵһ̾𾪵ĵɴ۾

120º͸

Ȼµǲʶ, Ǿʶ
ʧһʱ䣬ȴûʧ෴, ҶܹǷٴγڴҵǰ˵Ƿ񻹻š
ͻ¿ɲͬ, ˵Ǹ̤뽭һֱĬĬû˿עȵˣôȫһˡһӶ˺ü, ֱΪ˽ϵһڸкǿ֡
Žߵ, ÿ˵жԼ뷨ǸŵŮûϳ磬Ѿϳ˻¡
µģΪھԼͷˡһ˾ѾˣͻȻһ硭
תͷһۣôһ, ;ԼϸƬһһһëȻĸо
˭ŮС, ʾҪ˵ǸӦʱûעϣһֱڿǸ۾ˡ
۾촽, Է˷ܲѡ¾ԭصվ, ûӳ
ڷ˵, ÿ˵пԼ˵뷨, Ŀǰ¶Ǹ۾˵
ڻŵ̬Ⱥǲˬ, Ϊǿ
Ȼڸմӻ޹һʱĻ˵, ĲˣҪ֪ҲСôӪͬҲһ񾭲Ƽĵط
ܰǸȫѹȻҲǿʲôĸл
Ǹ˳һ˲䣬̧ͷĿһۡ
ԱߵĶһ
Ǹ۵Ҳﻪµǰ··һ̶žһкȻֳʮΣյĸоȻʱѾˡ
˿Ҫ֮ǰºȻһŸɴ˵°ϡ
Աߵһġꡱ
Ҫ˵ʵûлһµ󲿷ֶ˱໥ģǽ˸ɾ˱Լĳ徢߰ˡ
һС
Ա˵Уǻ赭дİǸ˸߷˳ȥɵǼֱͬȺͽţôҲ벻ôĶ
ŵͷһ˽ĽӴּ˳֣µγָˡ
þ˿ûпţΪµĳָͲʲôƾеսȫ˰ڵϴȻոձڵϴĻЩˡ
һָӡȫֵͬǵǰŮĬվ˴ֻԼˣˡģùһڶߡ
ڵϵǸ˿ǰողŵǸһ°ͶҪֱˡתͷǣһܣ嶼סһ
ԾʱķӦղڿʱǻһսڿʱǾȻվŶҪܴˡ
תͷǵ񣬿ǻһӡʮֵĮûκζޱϲֲġ
΢һǶ֣ƫƫȻһӴĵķߡ
Ȼֻ񵭵ɨһۣȻת뿪ˣһѲԼصҰһһԵϣֻѲһȦڵת뿪
Ůͬʱðһͷ˵ԷǸûаǷ۾ԲŻŹ
뿪˼ӺŮͬʱ˿˴˶ԷٵĺֽٺĸоŮһʣղšǸ˭
硣
һʱƬյضĿ¡
Ů仰ܵ˸صľšȥҪεһͷȫ亹
ֵ»˳ȥҲԴһˡֻǲ֪ΪʲôͻȻ
磬ڼ֮ǰֻǰ⵱һô˺Ƕڡ桱־Ǹʲô˸˽⡣ֻڽ㲻磬һҲԲЩ˿Եֵ˵ġ
˵ĵһӡᣬ飬ŵѪĸоȴĸ߰мڶ˳֡
ֱǽΣգȴҲӽˡ˵ĵһӡ󼸺޷ƵˣһӡһγˣͺѱĨȥ
˲ٶ롣ŵϵǸ˻æԼͬ£ҴҵѰɽ·

һ˵һ¸ղŵȷʵĮġ
ǲʲô߰ĵĮˣڸھӣϴүг裬԰ﾭſŵֻһĵĮ
Ϊʲôء
һ˴ŵͬ£Ը˼Ҵ˸кϾлҲ˵̫ࡣ
ˡϺá𡱣ؼлǺȾưĺתɽˡ
Լŵ˶ô⡣
ԣҲ֪⵼µ˫ٴμʱĳ澿жôľ㤡
ڵ״ең¾Լɽ󲿶Ӽ˲ʲô״ϵɽڶ࣬϶Ū׵ġ
¾øղԼһº֮ǰЩ֮ͬǰĳַʽʵԶԻûôģǸ˵ӡһֺ˹ĵĸоǸղԡˡǻѵ״̬£Ӳǰһ߳˺۾ʱķɡ
벻һ£ڷŵʱѱһѵʱҲѷôڻϵЩӲСĴϵĳЩء
ĴܾԼװҲûʲôˡ
ɽ˱ȽϺĵλôʱŵкܶϤ˶ûмǣ㱼䶼İ˵ĸоͷģȫΧһ
һ˲仪µļȸӣΪһ뵽ԼҪȺϺƤӵͷĸо
Щ˶̬ȸɽ
ͷǰǸһܱ
֮ǰ±ͷͱһڽͷ˵ҲǸѹȥĿȻˣٴμʱЩΣ½ͷҲʲôȥŶô顣
û¾ͺáͷصĻµļ򣬡Щˡ
еãȻںǶ˵ˣ״ôþȻǵøŴϢʱһȺصĶº֣ﶼеˡ
֮飬ɤӣ˵ⲻΪʲôڱ˵ô˵ͷǳ֡
ΧһȦ˶꺮ů¶ĳϸеʮֲʡ
˻Цˣºߣ㿴ˡ
Ѿ͸˵ĻﲻϽС˵ĿȻģΧСһЦ
ŴʱҲˣҲͷһοô׺ߵǰֱ˵Ǵǵ
֮ǰ˵ǰƢãǶáĸʲôûˣǴ־úЦ־ÿɰ鿴Ļ¡
¿Ǳ׼һȺˣͷҪȥȺˡ
Ҳȥɡ¾Լȥһ㣬¶Ļ԰һ£̧͸˵˵
˵꣬Ϳŵͬʱתÿϻٶžȵɫ
˾еģΪǿ˻ûкõӣƫƫҲҪȥæȻһֱ֪Ƣãһεˢ˴ҵ֪
ⲻ֪ЩڻԺúȺãʮˡ
ͷļã
أµͷҲû̧ɴ쵽˶⡣
˵ҵθ찡ѵҪôһֱεĻԾôάȥ𡭡

121»ˮھ

¸ɽ·һ⡣
Ը˵Ļ, ǾԲԵ޹֡ҪĲ㣬ǿ°ɽͷĻ˶ܱץһɶ
αԼͬʱֱֳǳԻ˵ѧʡ
ھΪѧʶʾ֭
ɽ֮ǰѾǲĻ, ȵɽǱ߷ɢŵĴԱ, Ҷڶӽŵ̺ʽ
ûڼտѰ޹ҲŭˣȺǲһǰΪչ̺ʽ, Ȼֽ˼λ󽫻, оͰĶС
, ˣһƬˡһͱһҪĵط, Ҫֵ´ʮȥĳƬ򡣻½ӵϢ֮ǳ, ˵ôսѶȰ
ϵ˾ԲˣҪԽԽá
ǽѾҵǵĺۼˡŵһ˶Իµ۶ŭ𣬡Ÿտʼȫ̲, ˺ײ, ڶ͵ɽȥˣЩһ˭Ҳ֪Ǵðġ
ʵ, Ӧ, ղŻԼһ, һϢŻɽ´λӳɡ롣
Ȼ˳ͻľԲǻ, ¾ô϶Ϊڻϵ֮ǰ, ¾ǧԲҪŵ˽, ܾͺˣԷɱȥŵ˴ӵ˿϶ˮֵġ
Ȼ壬˵
װһ֪ӣ߿װءϷݵĲܹٹƤġ
ԹĴȥԼƬʱߵ⼸ѣмһļм䣬ϻۡ˵𣿡
ǣǵġǼ΢΢ЩĶԻµ
ǶŶ೤ʱˣתͷʡ
ꡣ
һȦ·ⶼȺСѣʱҲѣֲ˶ܱǰ
ȻȫСѣЩҪȫȥҲģҲˣҪҵһЩĺۼҲ
˵а취
ƽʱǲô˹ģҲ¿ôˣԼıӣӿڴͳ˵ͼ
ǷֳĸСӣȻĸߡ±Ȼһǰ·ߡ
ǰأµĻ˵꣬ʣµÿСӸһҵʱ䣬ȻһСӣֱ֧Ԯ
ÿСӸһʱ䣿һʱڳ˱϶ԭ˵ǰǸܿ׵ǰÿСӸһʱ䣬²Ƿˣ
һƬɲСĸСԷɢ·߳ǰģԽɢԽôڶ̶̵ʱڼĸСӣ
˵ĺǸĸСͬʱ֧Ԯ²ᷢչ޹
ȴûںЩʵı飬ֱ֮һṦãƽ޹ʵıЦ
˵ĸ֮ܣղ΢һӵĴŷΧ¾ԼʮΧܸ׵ġ
Ȼ˵ҲûţҲûֱͣĸСֱǰʼԼĸСӼҵ·ƻ
˵ԼҪĶ֧֮ԮȻûһ췽ҹ̷
һʼе˶ûʧǣ뿴ֵĸоԶӿٶȡ
ǵµһһڵڶӵĺʱڶӵ˶ˡ
Ȼֽ˵ӵı󣬵Ķӵı󡭡ʱûУһ
ģЩ˶Իµ̬ȶˣһʼǸƤ񣬶Իµӡ˸仯
룬ܱѡˣﲻĸ֣ȫô򵥣ΪҪѾｭˡĲ˵˵ṦѾܹˡ
Ҳôʵ˵Ѿǻˮˡ˵ȫλչģȰѼܵȫṦϣȻٵģҲȫܺר
»ýһԼǼ򵥵㣬ҺˮֵĻԾһֳɵĽ͡
˵ҸһСӵĻСҪЩ˵Ļ»⵽ǵĶ֣ԵӱȽϰȫܵʱ䳤һ㣬ʲô쳣Һܿͻᷢ֡
Ϊ仰˶˺øСԼҪܣҲҪ˲˵Ľడ
ܵϮЩȻҲ˵ˣ֮ǰ˵ûǾǼٵġ˻һǴ˵֧ԮǾ԰ȫһ
ʵôܵԭ޷ǾҪʱصĸӵĶû취Ķӵ뿪ҲǲȥˣֻǰԭķʽȥѲߡ
ǾôѲ߿Ҳȫ͵Ǹ̽Աʱع۲ĶӵĶ˳ڱ·ϼ˻ϵ˻ǿߡ
Ծܻȫ̶ڻˮٲȻ֮۵һһܣһܣûһͣġ
Щ˻ǲһ˿Σû̫˼ˡڻ´ͷβûв̽¡ʲôϵΪ˴ҵİȫ
һʱ䣬ºȻΪһɹĻӡӵ߾ˣɶҲûɣȴ͵ˡ
ܣܵĸһķһ
һ»һôԭû취ͻϵˣԽĶܵʱ˳ոɸ봫飬ͻ˼һĿǰ
ƬΧ𽥱̽Ҳ˳˼ϵĿǰӵϢѾ뿪ˣѹȫƵˮֵͷĲֻһ룬ۿžͿԳΪʵ
´ûϣǲçˣһܹ֯յĹ֯͢ǳʱ򶼲ôסһǺѵģȫûĳЩ˵뷨
ͬʱʵܼˮֱ֯ȻĿǰôס
繲ļ䣬ûзֹˮֵĺۼûкۼˮ֯˵Ǻ£˵ǲûг£ڻ˵ȴǣΪ˵֯ʱ仹ͦá
ţ·һֵ뷨˵ӦҲһˮֵ˰ôЩ˶صôʵ
ȵȣѵ
͵̧ͷȻȻ˸뷨ǲ롭

122ӮĹ

ɽѲһȦ, ·һˮֵ˶ûпˮֺͻǲͬģڣõϢͳ, ڹûʣ¼ˣˮ֡¾ûǸϢ, ɲӰ
Щֵ˻µľ裬׻˵³
»һԼˮǸ˵ĵط, òֵΧ, ˵ֶ, ˵Ӧǲ̫ĵطȥ, Ҳ˵ˮֵѹֵΧơ
ѹû, ڵλòģҲΧˣûпһˡ
һ, ܲ¸оʲôֵ, ΪɻȾܶ
ɽ׼ȷ˵ķ, һͬʱķнӴ, Ұ֮Ĺϵ۵һܷʲôֵĵطȻ, Ŀǰɽһֻлһ
Ӫɽ, ¼, ˮǱƹġɽҵĿĽĹϵһֲݵġ
ȵ, ԭûùϵôҰ
ȻΪʲôˮֵΪʲôɽǻ»ŨŨĲԤСʱ˵ĸоҲôһ˲£ر׼
Ի¶ˮֵ˽⣬ǲôɵģǾǷɽϵĲǻ˶ŵˣԶɱߡˮֵ˶櫵ĻһĻ
в˺ܲĸоһʱ仹벻ˮֵȺʲôͨŵŸ롣
ֻҲ֪ˮֵʲôҲܰԼ֪ˮֵ鱩¶ǰԥ˰죬ȻȻȻд˼仰Сģɽ죡죡
д˻°ֽŸһŷˡ
һ𱻷ŷɵĻлµҡ
ҪǸϢ»žͻ첻ȥˣζԭҿֵֹϢԻֻŵġ
ǻ˵±ҲûԼųõĴȥԻŵʱѡ
ͺ񼴽ҵѧʼŷһھеָо
һѹûָ˼һġʲôطʲôݰ˾ĹٶûŪϣƾʲôİֻϢ͵ˣºôҲǾһˡ
ҲյֽŻǸʲôķӦĻѾȥˣĳһСӵķ˹ȥ׼ŷŷ֮ʣʱ⡣
ɽĴѰҳټĽͷյϢʱһ㶣ֽùȫһͷˮûͷûβҿʲôϢ鱨ʲôϢͿţϢһĶ
ʲô˼ʲô£ûа취ϢԽ֮дôǱαģ
ͷʼǲ˹ȥ˵ĻǺǵģΪһֱǸر׵ˣ֮ǰζĴһϢûСǵģͷָľǿѪ
εϢֺǴĪƵĸоǽͷվǲΪ¼򵥵һ仰ɽϵȫɽģ˵ˣ˶
ڻһСĽͷǺ͵ģͺͷۡȻȷʵܳɫδ̫˽һЩˣϢͺѴǸ˵ǲ˵
ɽʲôΣգô»ܵ͡
ɽ֮ƽ˾ǾͲʲô򵥵ˣ˵һ¾ͿԶ˻µǰ̡
ʲô飬Ҳ˵ôζַֻ꣬Ϣǻ͵͵
Դ𽥴˺üˣڽͷѾΨһһˡͷ˰죬Լ΢̽һ¡
¸ŵ΢һ䣬ȻһƬԡ
Щ˲ɽɺ֣ܳǾʲô鶼ûУĪɽʲô
ǽӵµź󣬽ͷҲĪЩѰǲûо̫ˣ˼ŵù˼ɽţǴһֱɽˡǲɽɽ³ʲôҲǺõġ
ǰͷҲҧߵģҲ˻һΣʲôҲûУ˵һңҲʲôùӣ˵ͷѾһǳĵˣܻһˣµϢᱻϡ
ڽͷɽͬʱǱҲոյϢϵѾȫϪɽûл˵ڣҲҪץסˡ
ӵҲᵽ˻ɽʱһЩˮֵˣûкǷʲôͻǿǵľٶЩ֣ǲɽϣȫɽŵҲһطɢɢķֲɽܣǷǳֵ£Ϊһ˵ԱȻɢɢô̫ױˡ
һйŹ֣ǻټ·Ҳû̫±ֻԼϹ£ںȻĴˣϽ֪ͨԼĸСӵĳԱһɽ
СӵĳԱȻʲôڵĻоǿ׵Ժԥĸɽ
ȻҲ˾֣˻ΪʲôҪɽҲֻһ˵ҪˡʾһԲ
ͷɽ·ҲûţŲ鶼Ų飬ɴһһŲˡǾôһֱƵĵɽ£ûпʲôûδŴ˸Ϣ
ͬʱ뻹Լ˱˶һõʲô̫صĺ
ͷʮֽŵǰߣźȻǰĵƺб˲ȹĺۼЩۼ΢ЩңΪЩ˾⣬ΧҪ̫СģԶҲ΢һ㡣ǽͷϾǶĲͷֻһ۾ͷ˲ԡ
ţŽӡԱߵһҺĺۼ΢մ˵㣬Ȼζ
ͣ
Ϊʲôͣ
ͷиոһ˿ĸоʱȻԱߴһӵתͷȥʱͿﲢԶȼһ̣ʱɵۣվĿɿڴ
ɽȫױȼڽͷֻһ벻סǲܳ
˵УŬľ˳һңǳȺʮֵҪҲŵ˴ûǻŻɽǶˮԴ֮Ķֵԭ򡪡ɽǳҲҪһɽˡ
ЩзЩ˵ټǿ϶ܰԼҲһɽɣ
ʲô
ͷɶͷԣĵط˹ȥͬʱɽҲкüط˻𡭡
ɽ·ϣɾһڷŻˡ
ɽͷβʲôûɣĹٲȻѾˡ

123лصҿ

ǸϢǰ¿ûԼѪоͿ¹λ, ԭĻƱ·Կ֪ںȺˮֵ˴˸ǳжΡ
ֹȺ, ԼҲˡ
˫նºǼˮֵͬʱðˡҿҡ뷨, κ󼸸˵ѡ
ǰ, и˳ݵĿŻµ³Ĭ˼룬˲俴Ǽˮֵ˰ĿⶼͶ, Ź֮ͻȻȻͬʱ¾þ۽Լϵĳֱֵ
ǸŻ³ʱ򶼾ĪģֻƲĵͷǰߣʲô, Ƕ巢ʲô
ڿǱ, ʯ֮ණ, Ⱥ˲Ҫʲôˡ
ȺһӾ;ûɶ, ŵĸо
ΪҲȥͬĵط, ɶҲûֻɨһ۾Ϳô£ûвκ֤Ĺ, ʹöϰ˲߼ѧѧĵλ
ѾûǴ, ֻЩڷ
û֪, ôһ˵ڿ»©˷
Щ˿Ե𣿻¾뷨˼һᣬֲܡǸλڷֻץɱԿû취񻨴һڡ
Ϊʲôô
¼Ʋò֪ĸ࣬Ǽ˵ȳ̻©绹أȥһһȻžһᣬȫֱӰѼҪݣòʡ¡
ĻȫĻ³ɹǿĴľǳϲԣԸ¹ĸơ
»ͷƵĿżˣʲôûзһ
˭Ҳûз֣⼸ѣ۽ǲײĳһ¡

ˮֵļͷĴʱɫѿޱȣԭƻĺúõģֻҪһѻ˾ˣ˭֪·ɱҧͻȻһȺ֪ɽµһλһͻƿڡ
ŻɽһҪռȾģ˾ľѳۣܶܲˡˮʵ˲ֹһˣǰһĹӰӵĶţһޡ
ǵļƻɹǵɽϵ˿¶øɽһͬھ
ˮ˵ŻɽεԶǿǵģֻῼʹʹࡣ
۶ڷӻ˵һҹҲ۷ֱŲ鸡νӰ֮𲻹졭οǼҹࡣ
Լԭ׼׵ļƻͻȻ䱻˸ŪˮֵȫԶĺǸɱΧˣͷ˸ǧټƵĴǸɱΧͷ˾˭
һȽϵ¸أսĲͷʱͷĴʮ֮ھʹɽͷ
ͷ˶ԴǺãȻģԱЩ˶ǷӣȻǣǽͷճ顣
˵ķ̶ȺͲĳ̶ǳ˽ͷÿ˶ú۾Ķĳƺ
ͷϾʱɽģҲûϼˣһûС롣
ΪʲôΪʲôӡ
ʲôΪʲôô
ɽϵľƱ仯ĺԣȻŵ˶Ѿ뵽ɽŻԽԽ󣬴ҲѾע⵽ɽµԸϽɽȥ
ڿ̵ʱÿ˵ﶼһ£˵ˣȦˡʱ벻ô£ûģÿ˶ʼɽ·ɱȻ鶼ʮֵĳأģӳȥµЩѶˣҪԽ𺣣ҴԽ֮ҲҪʱŵ˵͵Ϯ
Ǵֹ۲һ£Լͬķһλɸɾģһ綼ûӡ
ţʲôȦ˶ЩãȻȨ֮£ǾǱߣȵ֮Ϳͷһ˷ĸëʨһ
ԣڵڶ£ͷҲƳ˺ݾˣ𽥳ſģʽ
ŵȻЩãȻǻǼ뵽˽ͷĶУ˵İһӾͱ
ˮֵվֲοǰһҹˮֳԱǿ׳ųԱ˶ãˮֵŵĴ½ڽڰˡ
ⳡս˻ƻʱ֣һƬ֮źˮֵͣ
ȵŵȫ֮ǾͿ˹ڵϱĽʵʵһˣĸһʮֵ롣
Դﲻľðˡһ˾Ҫ롱ħԵĻɽϵĻ𻹲ûϨ𣬾͹Ŵ˵ҪĴҲеѶȡ
ҺһһҲе⸽ȫǺԽߵĳʪ̶ȣүˡ
ȻͿһ˼ȵĽͷǸҵ״ģᣬŵû¶һ¡
ȥôˣ
ͷĲ״ȵ껪±ͱһķй֮ҺӵҽС´Χ˵̸˽⵽ͷòΪһɽģԱҡ
ûһ˿ңҺãҺáûеһ
˵ͷΪʲôҪһɽأµıͻȻãȻ
ŵһִ̽˴Ϯô£ϢԵȣԴһʱŵóĽۡǸӦǵĻӣרΪյġ
ȵǶΪǺҪˣȻ֮кǾҪץǸʱһٽǷŻ
˳һᣬִ֧۵ĻǳҲץˡ
ʱһѬĸڹƵģ֤ԼףҲʶǣҸûϵЩһֱܣܶУĲʶǰ
Ⱥ͵͵ӣЩžȿźsirķ֮ͬ
ԼܵǿҵǴǿòݵĶû֮
Ȼ˵治ʶǣһֱϵһܴߣƵˡ󣬻ĬĬߵĺ棬˿һ˹ȥĻʵ㣬Ҷ
òƻ˵ʲô͵̧ͷ˻ºƵı飬ͻȻһ顣
Ůˣֿķǵ
ͷòƻ˳Żµķ˹ȥ֪ͷн֣æ˹ȥյ˽ͷĶĻ
ͷĻµļȫǸм֮飬˵£̫ˣ
µıͻȻãȻ
ȻµͷĬĬصǡ
˵Ǳҿӳ𣿻һҭ˻ȥ
ȻͷŻµжǴȰ翴δĶһĻµļȻͷĵιȥˡ

124·

ͷڻȥ֮ǰԻķǳ, ΪԤΣգΪȻ˵Ҫ֪Ǹ󵨵ľ, Ļ¶ôϡ
¿׵һֱ, ӻ¸ս쿪ʼ, ĿʷҲдƪСˡһʱͷԻµڴܶ࣬һµҲǳĿס
ڲҲǷֳɺܶСϵģͷͻ²ͬһϵ, ˫Ҳûʲô̫ĳͻ, һ±λүеر, Ŀǰ˴žǻ, ûʲô̫£ҲûʲôҰĵġ
±λүȻҲȽѸ㣬ĿǰûʲôҰģڱȽϰֵˡԻµȽĻǸ졣
ͷιȥ֮ǰô߰Ķ, Ҳ˺ܶ߰Ķֻ˵һɺϣ˵ҺϵȫŪ, ȻҪǱץһ;Իᷢ츲صı仯
ȻڣٲȻⶨԳˮһ
ˮ֣Ŀһڶһ˱ƹʳˮֵӺ, Ȼһ߼һ߲м˵治Ƿķ, Լ˶ܵնǷŻɽʱɽϿܻǵû
ƹãȻ̧ͷ, 
ʵ㡣ڱһͻȻ֣ʹӣ˱¿һƬհףɶ벻ˡ
ʱǻ¹ҪеģֻȺУһһʹʱȻԼŰ汾ȾټӸ۾͸ˣ˭벻bossbossƽʱĶžٺòϺˡ
Ӧ˰ɣ²ĵ롣
ǸʵˡΪʲôҪĪĺȾغϡ

ϽĲϢòǱ˸ģǸ˭֪𣿡ŵĻϣʡ
ͷڻڻ֮УƹأʹеĽͷҲһ¥ͽϲϸ
ϽѾʮˣڸ䲶ͷʱؾҪݰͣԭγǰҪҪݵˣˣְҵĵĩˣ䲻ıһѡ
֮ͬǰˮֵΪһˮվ©֮㣬ЩӳȥͿʼΪչ˿µı
ȻڲԼ֪еΣ˽׷һ£ôһ׷ȥĳ˺ĳˮַ˵Ŀдˡ¡֡
վĳǰ˿
ǻģӦþˡȻڵûκֵûɵĵطܵýһԼʱô֪Щ˻ѡȥŻ
˽ȥպܹ죬ƶû㼸߷ǳİ
ʵʷʱı䣬һӪһֹգвڵأʤƵأεĸܣһܲסҲˡ
¿żˣȵһ˵ʱȻһ֣˾
Źϣ͵͵ĶԽգգ۾ûлǻһֱֲиҪ͵͵н
ŵĳ˽ֿ֮һ£ΪһϤˣһʶεġ顱ͬѰ
ſʽʦһŷɥĴ
Ұֵܵµ˲
һǸ棬Ǹ˼ɵ£¾ڽˣϧڲ
Ҫʱ˸˼¡һŮ˽ˡ
ӴԺ͸ԼС˾͹˺쳾ĿȻ¾³ǲö١˽ĶĺڹѸ
ˡԼȥԼᣬʲô˲еˣò˵ʹԴһ˾й
¡һ͵ˣۻ£Ͽ˿¶ЩҪ㣬ʱɽϸͷϢ𣿡
µ˵ͷ
ʱ˿ֻɽתһȦȻȲҪɽΪʲôôһ˵
֪Լʱֵе㼱ˣ֪ΪɶֻţԭļƻӦڻ˯ġڻûУҲûС
ȡͷεĿһ£ôһĽͣһƬţ˶ڵڣ˿µʱضͳϻˮ֮ġ
Ҳûбİ취ҲϹˡһҧͿʼܻ𳵣ʵЩ۲һ¾֪ˡ׵ġ
۲һ£˵ô۲죿
еһжԹ۲졣µϷɵ񣬵ߵޣһ֦һЩʱ򶼻һЩҪϢĳ˴һܲ³Ҫʲô
췽ҹ̷ʹЦһ
ǵģȷʵ췽ҹ̷µǳ鶯һ¡
۲췽Դһȫ鹹С˵﷨ʵһȻһֱ󲿷Ǹ˵ǻԼҲƭԼ桤鹹ˡĦ˹
ԼȻ֪鹹ģڻǲòӲͷƤȥΪɽ¼ĵطԤ⵽ɽڷŻ𣬾ǳġǵɺʹɶġ
Ħ˹һЩС˵ʵǾԾǴɶĻˣⲻⲻǡ
һʱҷɽϺ߶ĺۼȻߵϸ۲һ£ɷֽӡķӦǴɽģϵֻ̽ǰߣȴûɽͼ
Ȼڸ΢Զһĵطһʪĺۼҷ͡
ȵȣôƳЩûɽͼģ˷
ƾӡ֮ľ롣ͻȻ䱻˻ƺЩ΢Ĳ̧ͷˣԥ˼е˺͹ǰ˽ŲվЩͬġ
СʲôͬʻЩԥ
ͨ۲ͳƾ֪ˣ۲켸ΣСʹˣŮ˺ˣ˺ˣ˺Ͳ˵ĽӡвͬģС״ǳѵҲ𣿡²˵
Ħ˹ؼ֮һֱ׳˵⻹Ҫҽ𣿡ﵽֵΪӶʹΪãȻ˼
긣Ħ˹߰˳ɵˡ
º͸Ħ˹űԵ𡪡ΪĦ˹ͨ̾ͷǡͨϹ̡
շƣԵóµΪݣơ
ʵൽﻪѾԼټȥˣôţ̫ˣǿǿ·ȽҪʹһֱĬʱȴȻЦˣЦǼ
ðɣȷʵûš
µͷ²ţʮֵڼƻ·ˡ
ȴʱͻȻð˸뷨뷨ͻȻĵԴģһϻȻͻȻҵκġ
Ǹ֮ʵ뷨Ҳ֪ôͻȻ뵽
ˣҲݶ˼̧ͷ۾ʹ٣Ȼ䴫Ҿͨ˿۲쵽ʹڼƻһΣգҲص¡𣿡
µŰʾ̽ȴ˵ĺܴݡ
ѹĺܵͣǲ뾪һ
ʹǵЦ͵ʧˡ
һ𾪵Ż¡

125³ʵʵ

ʹǸ, Ͼʹְҵ˵ĵһӡǸջӰɭϲײǰᡣ
ŴûʱΪйٺŮ֮ʲôϵ, йҲ˽ŰȻĻ˹ȥ
ֱڻ½дܡ
йٵı仯ûбע⵽Ҷûע⵽һ˲ı仯, йҲϽ, ѸٵĽ˹װ, ȻͬʱҲµ㡭ô֪ģ
±鲻䣬ûлش⡣
ΪҲش, ֪ô³ġ
㲻ںô³ġµ, ƶϳǼ¾¡
ߣ֪ʲô£ʹǲƺӲĵ, ҲΪֻթһ¶ѡûڵģֻ˵֣ϼ
λڹѸӡ
ʹٵһѪɫûˣĶŻ, Ȼһ, ԭһȺʻµ˻ֱȡԷ**ossߡ
¾öԷһ໰, ҲǣҲǡ˺, Χ˿϶ΪʲôͻȻͻȻı仯˰һѻ¸Ǽô죿
Ҳ֪Է˾, ʱô, Լһ̨¡ǻ֪ƢҲֻһʱͿ
ʵ˾ǻ£ʵص˵дһ˿ԥִһԼΪĲ϶ȴʹ˲ץס˻»еĺ塣
ԣԼȻѾ¶ˣǶԷȫ˵ȥֱڻû©˵Էûд˵ȥ߼ƺʮ˵ͨģǿǵµԸͺܺýˡǸϺˡ
ҲԥҪҪ˵ȥֵĻẦһ˵ĺأվû˵ڡ
ʹ˲ץסһһһ΢ζĿ⿴Ż£ƺȰҪ˵ȥ
ȣҾáӦûʲô⣬ΪЩһֱһ𡣡ʱͻȻˡ
˵Ŀⶼۼϡ
ҲȵĿ˽˵治װȻ˵
ȷ𣿡Աʵ
ȷ˵ЩӶһֱһûʲôԵĵطҾû⡣
¶۾ǳ뿴˵⻰ʱ򾿾ĻǿĵģȻԼܿ彭񡣽ĻһһϾҲǸײϵļһ˵ǣǰ˳ɾͲˡ
йڿһԭڽʾ֭ȹοհڣڽͻȻǸһ̨¡̵ȻǾɢɡͬʱµһһ¡
½½뿪ˣҲŴ˳ȥӺĵ˻
ǣʹپڸղŵǼ
Ȼ˴˵ݻʹٺͱ˵ݣ˴֮Ѿ˸
ʱĲǻ£ʹ١
¾ԼҲеǿһνݻûһʱأƾѾչһٰʮȵĴת䡣ǸĻˣ԰ĻѵԼо
ǡ츳
һ߽ӣʹ˵㡭ôֵģ
˵Ҳס¼ʼϹ˵ˣһж޼Ѱϵ񣬵ϵޣܴݳһϢ
㴩·Ьӣı˵Զƶϳܶ顣˵ͣһ£ҵĻ
šʹٵͷ絷⣬˰ʵһʼͻһЩǿѧģǷ˵ʲôѧԽ͵˵׼ˡʹٶԻµķ൱Ƴ磬޲ϽϺһȦҰݡȻԻµĻʲô
˵ȥģǡԥ˰ΣΪ֪㱾һܼᶨֱˣһӦöı⣬ֻһʱͿ
ѹĺܵͣͬʱᣬڰʹһʹͷԣֻһʱͿȥԺһϾϵ
㡣ֵʵһģҲֻһʱͿҲԸ˵ȥ˺һ޹ˣԸٸһλᡣ
ʹǸˣǴʱ˿ָм˼
´ʱٲȻѾΪһʥˣֱͷ϶Ȧʥˡ
Ի¾Щ̣˵ղŰֱ˵ȥǴںö˶˵վǻû˵ڱ׷ʵ¶û˵ȥ
ʹһղŵЩڣôûһʼ˻µĻأ㵽ءԭ֮Ĺϵڸ㵽ôΣֻܾȥֲ֮ǰЩɵĹϵѺۡ
ȻʱĴˡŸмʹ٣ĥһ¡
ʹӦֵµһö˰ɡʲô£᲻ӦûᣬΪѾ˰ѱ
ллĺлл㡭
ʱʹĿеġʵˡôϿҵĵлֽٺĸоԭһЩеû뷨Ҳȫû£˵ĻһЩɵ
ǱôͻȻһϣͻȻԼػһĻᣬᾹȻղŻһֱƲϵĻ¸ġ
һʵġ̫ˡ
һ̻ӡֱٿʱ񶼲һˣǾ˹˵
¿һ飬ĬĬ뵽
ˡòͶˡ
࡭ĪҪȾ·ϽнԶ

ϲ׼ؿջԳȥֵɻػһЩ飬պÿſڵ
ܴӽӡ￴ôණʡ
³Ĭһᣬʮֵĵҳȡ

ܡ
ţԭǵŷµĻԹģͻȻԻ·ʮֲͬĻشŪһ㶡
վһƬհףѹԼ˵ʲô
¿֪Էʲôӣȿȣлл㡭ղ˵Ǽ仰
⣬лл⡭͵˵ô˵ء
ôҶ˵ģнлл˵ˣºһɤӺֱӷݶȻһ̾ûӰˣȫٶȣȻ׷ϰǰȴ̽һ£˵ֱӴְû˵Ǿ˵ɡ
վԭһãȻ
˺óʱ䣬ĬĬصôܵô졭

126ɻs

֪˵Ƣ, ʱװᱻ׷, ˵ʵ˵벻Ч
, ˵žͰԼ빵ȥˡ
Īľû˵ʵõѡ񣬷ʲô˵, Խ˺ҵùҲ׷, Ҿܣ㲻Ҿװ֪á
²һ, Ȼû׷һ·ƽµĻص˴ϣûκһ׷
˻˶еãȻ, ΪŵƽʺƹһֻȸԾԼþöûиܵˡ
й깫ڸŷϲǡ¸ջһ, 깫̫Ҳû, ָץһȻֵߵߵĵһָץһѡ
µͷǡ
ϲիġõļƷ֮һ
ǡû¾ôܼ
µŭ, ˵ʵʵĸ˱ũǾڼôҰܻûˣ
ŭ˹ȥ, һݸҷ, ͺȻվһţÿ˶ĺ˵ģҲͿϲ, ϽδĶ졣
һ, 㷨˵ǹŴ, 趼ܼҡ
һŵ򰡡յƻͨ
յĹͷϵĽλεģεĻ۾ۡ
ˣҪ𣡡»ûȿڣĴĺ˳ѻµĶ亰ˡ
£
Ͷ䣬˵ǡ
ˣиĸ㣬Ҫ𣿡һĿŻ¡
°ѸղĻ̻ԥһ˵ǡǾͳ𡣡
ʵºһͬİãͬʳߡûôҾͶˡǵʳǰʱǻ᲻ıתע

ǹ˴ʮ֮󣬻ϣԱ߶СһƷָСڷ¶ϡԼǴ̫Ĵǡ
컨ǳʲôϲˣʱʹʲô֪ҲܿóӦǳϲ¡ϧԴҲ벻ʲôϲ¡
ŵʱ򣬻滹һƬƽͻȻһĪϵǮˣ
Աߵһӣʲô𣿡
û°һӵ
ǡ
ǸӷϴİӼĵ粻֪ô£ˮһӾͷˣ˵˼ʮȥԪˣڹڼأ̫ˣγҲûдˣôģ
£ԭΪ𣡡
ʱһеյڽ⿪
ԭ˷һΪԼ¡һѸֻóŵûţΪԶˣΪҵ֪࣬ĸо
ȴȫûзֻĸоǿŻµĽ
ǿγŶôţưȫٶԶ࣬ҸȥϪɽЩּ;лˡ
ǱΪ»ʲô޹˭֪õ鷢ˡº𣬶ˮִܶ顣
õģ
±²ǲ֪ˮֵ𣬵֪ǻϵѾ֪ˡ
ǿ𣡻ôŰ£˵йŵĳ鱨˵ԼϴѾȫĿסš
ʵⷨǸ飬ųֶԸˮڻ˵̶˿ڷݡ
ϾҶѾϰˮʼѹһͷˣξȻô˳ľͽˣֱһ
ʲôûУʲôҲûƽƽͻȻ˵˶ԷսܵϢϢմʱٻ˻ڳءϢȫһãȻ˵ɶ
ԼԼ¡žɶҲûɣȫӮġҪ׸ʲôҲ̫
ǻ֮ӵãȻŴãȻ̶aǻãȻ̶Ⱦsӡ
ŬĻһԼϪɽϵ׶ʲôˡ
ǴӶܵȻٴܵ
˳˽ͷһѡ
ġʲôû
ġʲôû
¿˻ϲصĸоĬĬطסԼĶͷĻֺ·磬͸ԵøǳĲͬ
лϵڻֵʱżȻ̧ͷһۣͿһ棬һֳֻסͷ۾š
ںܰ·ǳŵģ۾ȴһ̶ˮ
ڴҶֵʱȴﲻ֪ЩʲôȻϵȴǳȵģһȻҶλϴ󣬵ǴҲĸܵӦǸӿ׵ˣʱ˼ʲôҪĶһ
ڡ˼
ʹôֵʱҲһ˼ϵ飬ǻһܹƽȹԭ
۲컪µ˲͸жˡ
жǾԼҲﲻʲôæƴİѸ
˼Ϊɶʱһͱһѵĸ㣬Ա߿һۣ˵ǸҪ
Ŀһ˺Ȼȫһ˿ûС
˲ãȻ
˵Ǹɤһ¡ͻȻķΧô£
ѵҶΪ˵
תͷԱߵС㣬С㻹һҪ˵ʲôǶı顣
˵ľֻɤӣ
ġľɤӡ
ͻȻίˣίίˣί綼оί̽ͷʱĻȴѾʼһίһʱ֯ʤԡ
ֻ˵»ǺȻֵĺܲԸȴǳʵӡ
֮ǰˮе𣿡ʡ
Уǽ綼ѾͻˡǸС˵
ϣ⻹벻ĺ°ͻȻʶǽôĵԭˣ¿ˮֵ˵ùһ棬һǻϵ˶Ż˰ɡ
Щôˣµ
Ѿȫúˡ
ǾͺãЩȱҪǹˣúϢɡȻȥЪϢǼ˵ž˳ȥ
ʣµ˲ԼͬĶŻ½ȥıӰһֱ׷浽ǱӰΪֹ
ĳ˵ҲǸ磬ΪҪӪҵֶξǻƣġŻļ˻»ⶣһ½ǲҪϰࡱǺúЪһЪƹ˶þҪϱˡ
ûʶҵת̲ݻȻеǮ죬ߣ͡һڱҵĳԼ˵㰡վǳԶ֮ơ
ſڴϣ΢ЩȻ˵⾿ôأɻʱ򣬺Ȼһ˵ıӰ˳
źһͣʮ䵭ĵ벻Ҫٸˣٸһ鷳ġ

127¸²

ע⵽ﵹΪ, Ϊӡﲻһˡ
û¼סĲܼ࣬סصɳ, ɳ, Ŀ֣ΪɳʻһΪǻ, ΪĹһ㲻ôĵġ
ǰȴû¾Լ񿴴, Ϊڻױ֮ȻһŮĵһ֡ж·ǧ겻ıɽ
ӯӯ˫̥𣿡Աߵ, ҡҡͷû, ˡ
Ǿ, ָǸ˵Աߵֵƽʱд˵ʱǸ, д˵ʱͲˡ
ӯӯ黹ô䵭, λʹĿ, ǿӻе㲻, Ϊ˵ı̫ˣϵû¾һ
ʵ˵, Ͼʵ, Ի¼ʵ˲࣬е˰ӯӯѹû, û¾þˡ
Ŵܹݵ¥ʵôͨõġϾͷǸŮ, ˳һ, վҲ
ǡô£΢ʡ
ǰڽ洳һʱ, ˵¾˻Աߵ˵˼ԼڽϴĹ£һĶһЩ͡
˼ڽϴĹ¡аɣ´˽ˣӯӯǸ٩ɽĳ̶ȣĹһǾʷ׳ʣóȥ˵鶼в֡
¿ŸӯӯƨƨǸп˵Ŀˡ϶ӵ𣿡
ǡԱߵ˿϶ĵ˵ͷ
ŶӹҲӲ˿ֲͣһôûûΡ¾ҲʧΪһֻȥ÷Ȼٵ㣬ǹÿľͦá
ôʱ򣬻¾ʶĿ˳
׬Ӧòɡ

ûаԱߵ˱ֵĿŻ¡
׬ĳడܳĿҲͼ˰ɡ
һƬš
ţ±شһãȻ
Ĺ̫ʣ˶ΪǸµŮȻ䵽طԴԴϣÿ˶ӣвǮȥأȻ뿪Ҳûطȥ
»״̬
ӯӯĹ»ϹǱصСءԱǸֵ˵ӯӯĹ£רŹɷˣһˡ
ãȻ˰죬ͻȻԼúõһĿǰһƽʱɳͿߵĹȻ⿿ͳΪ˻ϵһԴԭʲô
ԭΪת͵ĿҪͷͺһҶλӯӯͬ־ѧϰγǲܳΪһĻ
ӯӯ׸ǲأ˼һӯӯͻһӵ𣬷˼ֵĵ㣬Ǿһеء
һӯӯоУûС
ڶӯӯŮ¥һֱУв˶ھӵøһӿˡ
ӯӯһɫ衣
Ưõģʣҵͬʱӵĸ˾Ǹͷβı磬ͬʱӵĸӼǳȺӡ
ĸϣȥһЩءһۿɼͨ˵ľУһûκ߼bug裬ͬʱһ֪ȣʣְҵӦýʲô
¾뷨е£ȰԼúú룬ٺú롭
ڳƮ
ʱתͷǸƨƨߵ׷ӯӯĳپúЦһֻؼһϤС
֮·
ðɣ׷塣
û뵽ԽôǰҲܼ׷尡

ڹŴû׷һ壬νġԱһҲָϷӣ¡һˣǵĵλܵͺܵ͡
ǶڴӺ֮ܶԽĻ̵֪Ǹô׬Ǯְҵ
ô˵ɣ֪ǶȫҼʹ˽ҲܰѪ֡
ҪǣְҵǻĿǰʺϴµְҵ֮һˡǲҪʲôֻҪ΢һЩҵⱾǸ츳Էְҵ
Ĳ˵˵ֵԶһ˳һվԹۡ
¾Լ뷨е˷˼ôôó磬ƫƫ־е㿿ףÿ׵ͬʱ־Լڳ硣
ڳͿ֮ص˼ʵ֮ͻ֪кܶ಻׵ĵطģŴִ߲ͬ⣬Ŵִ˶ڿԷ˵۹⡭
Щϸ룬񶼻нİ취
˵Ҫ֪ϵ˵ĳǰװһõݣȻõķʽѹûڻϳֹ桤׵ˣͿԱܿ⡭
˵˳ڽϴһ󣬴ҲĿģĿǸһ˲ǻƿӡ
ԻϷǵ߽治һǱ˻ǽ̱ˣһһСľͱĳһ֮ӳֺÿ书أ
ӯӯôܻӭҲδûŮݣУԶռһҪĵλܵĹעҲࡣ
ͬʱǡҪĴŴϢٶȺҲְҵڵԭԶû
˰ʵʩķȻȻһ¡ôҪһ£ôЩֳǮأ
ִʱһ㶼׷ǣ˵еĳԹȺھȻ˭˺ƣ˭飬˭ұ˭ɶ֪һΪڰ𡣿Щ񲢲ָô׬Ǯ
ŴֲܿϷֲܿ裬Ǯʲô;ȥŪ
˰죬ʱҲֻԡôò׬Ǯķˡ
ϡǵõһ׷ǵģ²Լֱ˾²ˣһôʱ򣬻¾֪ʣļӦҪˡ
¿¥µǸ˵񣬲֪ʱȻѾ͵ģһɾ²˵ζ̯ӵ׾ܰˡ
Աߵһˣд˼䣬Ȼ¥Ͼصţĳһڴ
һᣬһϵĹ깫˴ϣһ̵СΣǰţͻȻһײһ¡
ĵҶײˡ
һСôĴ϶û˴һߴЦ
Уӯӯϲˡ깫仰ĺܴ
ƺ˿Ҳע⵽Ρ
ûʲôصģһССĽ
вʶӯӯһ˲;ù깫˵ģҼͬʱӯӯ֮ͬ⡣
ʱȻŽ
°ŵһ˹ȥһ
깫˵ͷ
ȻǮСδҡڵˣʣһȺɵ۵ˡ
Ȼᣬӯӯϲ𣿡Աһʡ
ԣϲĶֻϲһ֡깫һ⫣Ҫȥģӡٺ٣͵͵һ
Ǹһ
ҲҪһ
Ҳ
ӯӯǺģǻ¥ƣɱ۸񲻵һΪͷ̫СһֱϲεĹСΣһļ۸ڰСʱϰٸ
ĿǰǻɵҲǵһ·ڶܺƭÿӯӯġ˿ﶼһ

¥ϵĻѾˣϼƤðڲϵز

Եı
վ¥ϣȻĳȣһоԼУ·֮ʱҰũ
²˰
һƬ͵۾²ˣһ˵ģ

128ΪȻΪż

ǰʱĽ͡ݸһС, ʡŵðܵǮȢϱ
մӻĻ½ӹ˽һСɰ, ɰͦµ, еᣬڻϵӵϰ, ڶСӷòô˳֡
򿪿ڴһ, ֡סһ£ԭǽ, ӡ
ôһֵĿǰʮµĹ, ˵ҲǸǳ󷽵ĽˡֻǻºȻŶڷ˵ͨʮ𲽵ġ
ôڲԱô𡭡
¿˰ĬĬذ, ҪײҪ
е, ´νл졣
ʻ, ذٲ𣿡µͷ룬֪Ǹûȥǲȥ, ֺ³Ĭʱ̫˽ɡ
ȥɣ֮ǰ͵ôôʱûȥ, Ҳñƽ
һ˵Ļо͸ֳģ, ʵ˵ڶڻ黹ǺܷģͻðǸȦ뷨, ;߻ܶϵ
źôҲǳ͢, һȺ, ѹͲǵԱ, Ҳͻ»еԱӣ˾ɵҲ챩¶ݵϡ
ԻԼˡ
ôţ˵ͷš

֮ǰĻܲʲôߣֻ˻ʵ뿪е㲻ˣĲ˵ϴʵǡ̫ˡ
±ϾиҵĵˡȻȻ̤滨˱ǰ̵·
һıչתͿ̲ݻ
˿ʱˣ⼸ǻһĳԱˡӯӯлһĴ󲿷ֶûڴϳֹмʹʮģǻĶԱˣܿóʷжôƾá
¿⼸ˣվһţŮĴǳϻ¶֮ǰĽǶ֪°ǽйһЩ͵͵Ŀ¡
ţǧѡѡˣôվŶۣ˵ǲƿֵܻǷڵһλǵ
֮ǰҾ²ôһΪʲôȵ֮˱˴ﶼһ£ΪҶ̫Ưˡ
ͨ˳ǵûʲôǴҶôƯһȫе˻ϣǴжðһ뷨
ⲻҪΪ潰ɡ
¿ǣʵ֮˻ʲô𣿵ʫʲôġ
˲侯
Ȼӣ
ǻ˻ᷢû˻ػﻹһЩ죬˵ͲϸĲдмó٣еóֻʲôġ
Ҫ֪سҲǵļӷ֮һǴڶô£
ȿȣͲ˰ɣҲ΢ЩΡ˿ǱߵһúܸߣݺȻʣý𣿡
ãðشЩ
Ǻϲýڻһϰð˵ԵʮֶءõĻ㲻ˣڻּû˽ҲûѧĵطȻܰѽĿô¡
Ϊϼ룬ͦԵġʮֵ˳ۣΪ˵ϵĳ࣬ĸо
ԱߵĽһѽӸ˵ֳһΡ
ȫãȻˡ
˵ҪﰡͷϸھȻҪôһ˱ѾоʮֲˣҪһ߽ӣһˣ
ȻһãȻջڻµ£ʵʵһν轣ʱ¾һĿţҲȵѾˣһĿŻ°ʱ²˷Ӧ
СµĽô
ãý١ǸҶԼĥġ
Լĥģ㻹츳µѽӽԺ͹ˣҸһµĽǸ
һı飬ãȻŽԻ˵ллʵղ轣ʱ򣬻һֱ˵Ϊڳ˼Ϊˡ
ϡС֣С顭ͨǿ񰡣΢ĥһ¾δһǰ
һ˲䣬ͻȻΪɶϲýʱΪĺ˧ϣϽÿӡ
ӽԺֻ·Ǹ˵
ţ͵İͷһĲţ񱻰ʲôһ
촩·Ůģ滹зۺɫСҪ˵һܱʣղ轣ʱ¾ͿŲ˳ֱۣӰȥ
ΪʲôϵҲǸС١ղŻܺ»µ·ͻȻ¸ҵķ˻¡
ϺǣСԽԽϰôŶ𡭡
ȿȡֵһרɼŮɨӣרŰϴ·
ĵҵĵĲ⡭
дӽԺÿ춼ҪڣΪֹ
ţ
ʱضҪѽδôѽҪô
ţ
ˣ˵£ҾˡºȻһţһǳҪϢ
ԺҪҪȢĸһҪϱ˽̸ܽӴŮԶҪܵܵļأԵĻ;ҪŮ˶ĵطˡЩ˺Ҳܶ죬ʹ̸ҲҪҪһ¡
ţ
ըëˡըͷ˾Ƶģ˵һִ̫Щ׼תɹŴٸǽһ£Աиֵʵʡ㲻Ů˽ӴôӣͰ
ӣͣµҲû˵ǽӣͰ
ǹǡ
ҽΪһǳҪ¡µȻͳϵδ
⻰һ˵Ȼ˶
ĵҲûһֱӰɡҶûɣֻһĳڻϿͷ֮ա
߻ħû취ߵϣǵĺСӳڻϣȴûа취档
µ˶ĬмСӸǣΪǾ³ġ
¿˿ǵԣǸı仨˵ķδôȡǵıֵ֡ĺãǻϻиຣ
˵ֵµÿһܼûгǱ鶼ˣղŻа·ÿǸͣ˵
¶״ǳ⡣
ҪԣֱҪ۸ߺһǣΪȻΪżɣ
ֻǧǣһʧ

»ܣŵһ¡
ĿǰдȵǸ֪ȵˡ
֣Ӧãܣ硭

129»ذٲ

´ٽʱͲ˵ȥаɡ
֮, ´ػϸ˻Űٲý֮ǰԼ󾿾Ǹʲô, ٲõֶôӭ
ǻӭӢһ𣿺ôҲǸɹά˽ƽˡ
ֻ߻ᷢһ㲻֮ͬԽӦö֮, ָմ桰ޡһʱġ֮Իİɡ
Ȼƽղô˵ǹȻǸڴűˡ
Ȼػع˵ĸ, ŸĽ, ڴ̤ϻؼҵ·̡
Ȼ̤֮ڣ˰ٲõһʡ

л˵, ٲõļȻóʱ䲻, ǹȻϤǡ
ϣȻŻˣսݵʱſ˯, һǼ˹һ
񿴵ĻĪЩˬ, ȻӺҲ˽, ֮ͬı飬
ͻȻǵеʲô, һҲˣҲ²ĳʲô顭
˵ﻪͻȻһ, ǰʱһֱز, òǱߵ˸˼ɻȥŪٲš
ʲôһֱûʹ
ǿͻȻԼӦúúʡ
ǹ˴Ϣ, ˵ˮ, ʱӦûزˡ˵
ˮü
΢ãȻ
Ȼ˵ˮ, ȥ֮һתá˵, ˴˵㲻ֹˮô򵥣㻹ˡ
ˮⶼʲôʲô
˵ҲΣҪȥѾʰˣ˴ʱ˵ʵŻ¡
ºȻرжǸ벻£ԭΪһֱʵʵڰٲõأû뵽ڵʱٲ÷ô¡
ȻѶʰˣҪ֪ػӿɲôͨĵطЩ㲻ţͨӦҲ˵ػӵˣʹҪȥǼֱ氮
˴Ҳͦ׵İɡʵû취Ҳֻ˵ʵֵرر㷺ˣ֪ʵرС亦¡

ôʱ򣬾ԥ˰죬ŵǵ˵һ䡣
´Ⱥȥ¥֮ĵطˡȥﶼѾϰˣֲϰߣһŵε¡ػʮ죬Ҳ̫ˡ
£
˵Ĳҩҽûа취ΣԾͲȥˡر㣬˵һҲˣûмʮġ

ͻȻԵĳĬ
¾Լʷּƴڵĸоͨ죬еͷ
˺ðΣ²ŴƳĬ˿ڡ
ȥЩֱ֮ȥˡȥˣ֮ѡ
⻰˵ʱ¾Լ踺أȫһһֵĴＷġ
ϰɣܾʮֵĲˬϰɣȫûа취ΪԼһСľôʱû
˴ҲǸ˲ţȻܱòҲܵĹֹ˴ˣġס
˭Ǹأһﶼáˮȱ첲ֻҪһֶܱһ
û뵽˴ʲô֮ϹôɵġӦȥҲ˰ɡ
ֻǹ˴˿֪ܲʵ˻ǸһСһ𶼲Ầߵˡ
ðɣϴθĶǳ𣿡µһ߰һʡ˯ӦûںԺ°ѸӸʵ
ʵǶѱĸĺܲסǲһƽĸ㣬һѳ˹µĸ㣬ͬʱϵˣϲĻУ߸ĴС
ͳʱػһΣķڼз֮棬͸ǰʮӺͺʮﻪ»žػӽһʱǰȻǶŵУ¸˰㡣
ִ˵ǹֵʱͻȻǰ˻һززԲô򵥵زʮݶзģǳëҲзġ
ôôзһ㣬ھôأ

ˡͬĿŻµ

˵Ǹ̫𣬶岻ãܶԣԾˡҲ¶ԻµĴе˵ʱʮСȻԼ˵֮󣬻µ˲ôͣ˲š
˵ǲǱƭˣΪ֮ǰǸӵĸ㣬ôǷŵ̫ˣ̫˼ҵġ˵־һ£ĸӼðôǰ
ΪĲ˼ӻһ˳۵ĸ㣬ǶǶŵģҲǶƸ㡣жжƸ㣬ûǮĶ
ǰ۸񲻵͵ĸôˣʮֲ˼ĸоҲһۣǸҳһڣûJ˭ϲֶҼӻأȻã
³Ĭ˰죬ͻȻǰеҡ
ȻİСʱ֮ڣһֱһﰲĿƣĵƾ飬Ų֪
ںĬĬؿŻµıӰĪ˭ȥΪ̫ȣһԼŮˣԼĿζˣû¾еѹ
ЩãڳĬʱͻȻ洫ӵЩ֣ⶼҹˣôôҵأ
һŮ˹һʮָ·ȻŮ˵˸衭
ҹĲ˯
ˡıһӱ÷ǳÿҲһͷ۵˵ôˣ
˭ʡ
⼸һֱµˡʱרÿϾͻ
Ļû˵꣬ǸŮ۵һ裬ŵһ顣
Сβ˰ǸŮ˺˭Ҫȥ￴ѡ
ôһãΧ˲üһƬ˵
˸ģʡ
µġƺҿ
೤ʱˣ
ˡ
ûȥʡ
ǸŮ˲ġǰʱǶµģ֮Ƕˡ
¿۵ͷȻһЦ
ͷ죬ͻȻʮֲ޵˵˾仰˭֪ΪʲôҲҰ
ĬĬӣӵĿ
ڣŻסôŹˡ
»һΣգתʮֵľ߳ȥˡ


130ãȻİ

ٲҽ¼ʱʱͻôһ, ԭҽ̫ߣ˵, һеСǮ, ɵʷԹС
ʱ¸չúͳ¼ʱʮ׼ż䴦, ʱһ𾪵Ŀ, ΪʲôҪô, ֪˵֮ǰÿ״ôġ
¿ȥڶԼĬĬذŴ򿪣ҩվһ졭֮ٲþҲûµ˹ˡʱȽӦò֪¡
͵»뿪ʱ΢һ㣬µҲҸȼˣĺһЩү˵, ǶھʮӵзḻᾭĳЩɴ˵Ǿһôûˡ
Ծڻ»֮ǰٲþô졣
ֵǹģǲһ˵ʱֱӴˡڰٲð컹Ӫҵ, ֻϻи趨ҹ
ôûأ˴أʡ
Ŷæˣ˴ҲþòӰˡ֪æЩʲô
µ֪æЩʲôЩֳԽ, ˴ָͱɵʲôطæȥˡ
һ»ǲһʼͶԹڹ, ֳֻͲ, ˵Ҳ֪ػ˸ȥ, Ŀ±ͱһ֮εĶǾȫˡ
˴ôæ˵ӦûǹֻԼ
аɣͽ
µڶֻصϤСҩǰ棬Ĵһ磬ȻһٲöİƽԴһ
ڶ糿һ𴲵ʱ;ʵǰĿ£ȵٿվҩĻʱֱӾˡ
ȷ˺üΣŷԼûΡ
ƽİٲΨһ˵ǳֵֻܾлº̵
ҾͲƾʲôһǾͲˣҳӢˡŻµ
Ҳ˵ﰲĵҩҪ˵ƽʱһʵʵҩӣʵϰǱĬĬ˲£ִɵĲͬ
һ̵ĴӺ˹¿˻°죬ֱһקµʼ±ܵıһǺӦ˹ԹԵ
˺ð죬üëһֱţһԲתȥҩˡ
¿ôܵýҲǿЦģ˳
ӣòҲûŻ˼˿溦˵ֱСе˸ȥ
ڰٲĺܺãȻǸЩȴ˺ܶ࣬ǰٲ𴲵ģһվҩ۾˲Ź硣
ȻûȱĵϣͱֻصǰԼ棬ͻ֡
ӣǺ̫˸ȻԼ廹Ǻܽġ
һװֵС¾Լǵ㽱ȫ͵͵򣬸л֮
Ȼеĵط뿪˺ܾãĻ֮ðͻϤԼû뿪¸ոջʱΪԼ᲻ϰ߰ٲõˣҩĥһҩ˲һǰĸоϾԽĵһŵ㣬ָоеطȲϵġ
ϴӴ󻨴·Ϥ·ҽϤĲҩζ¾Ȼһһ˿ڻϴ˿¶ûиܵġ
ַͦھӹʱ򿴼¶ȵĴ˸кѽС˰
ţϸջġЦŶԽַھӵ
һ޺ļƣкүȲ裬иүŻֺǺǵĵ˵Ϲµһˣ϶Сˣ軹š
үôɵһֱΪǸС͸󿴵˱ʵģ֪ӦǸ̫ǵˣЦǺǵģҲûд硣
ͷŪҩһ̧ͷȻС˸󻹱һϤı¨
µһۿʱЩ죬ʱû˭ٿۣȻ˺뿪֮ǰ;ڶһ
˲֪ģһ쵽ֻ飬󻹱¨
뿪ԭǸ˵Ѿˣ˸µģǸǼ֪Ϊôִš
ûʲôǮҲûʲôˣԲһֱڶľ¥ŰɣȻΪʲôһһֱһطҪ֪ͷ˻Ǻٵģһܶ黹ửļﶼγƵġ
е㵣ģҪһҲ̫ȫˣƵ˹ȥϻһҩζ
ʡ
ԭţҲ˼˵飬۾ʱʱĻᳯܱ߳ʱ˼棬ֻһЩйص飬ŻرȤ
أͻȻоһҩζǰһˡ
һ˲ãȻ˭ͻȻ
ֻһ̧ͷ͵ؿһϤҩͳǰϻŹе顣
һ˲䣬綼ˡ

ʣ˼ҲǹģҼһֱǻǳʲôǵĻﻹмʶˣ԰˵˵ġ
˵֮Ǹ˺óʱ䶼û˵ʶľԼǲð˼ˣӣԼ׺ĸɻ¡
ֻڻϴְҵϰߣһԲůľʶȥʾʲôȻĥʲôġ
ְҵɡ
һȣԲҪǾñðǾˣҾڽֶסһʣ治˼
ûûû¡ϵǣڻתߵʱǸ˾ȻˣȻİΣҾǴعģǹһݣҲˣҾʱס̲
ŶŶŶ״ҲͲٶˡֻ˰ٲãǰָ¶ҽ˵ҾסҩӦ֪ҪʲôĵطҡȻæﲻϣСæܰϵġ
ҡǰЩӶû㣬ȥĶˣʲôʱģʡ
Ҳȥȥˡ²˼Цϸջ
»˰ٲãĬĬ²ԼϰһҪģ´β̫ȥʱˣŵġڽѵԼʱȻɽһֻӣ΢΢һӹһۣȻһĬĬߵ
һ˼ˡ˵Ѿˣô˵Ҳϵ˵ġһȺ˻ذٲãһˡ
ϵǣǼϵڿµĵһ붼סˡ
ôˣʲô𣿡һǵıͽʡµľǻʲô£Ϊ̫Զȥ춼
˺ð죬һ˿˿ڣڵʱ򶼴ſǻ
˰ôôᰡǲ̫˰
£

131Դô˻

ɼ, ѡ
ʮ⼸˽һʲôյ磬ԼǲҪǸˡ
˶Էݹߴ, Ҫĸ, Ȼڶ漸׻ı鵱ʣȲҪҵĳԴˡô
ںæǸӦûûл, ãȻĵ, ⼸ˮֵѾĻȥ, ŻڸǶš
ţ
֮һ㶣һСϲ
ɽֻ˵ģûҪˮֵ˺, ڵãӾǷ, Ի·˾ǲһ
ˮһǿMTɱΧΪʱӲŵĵһѡ
ûв´ĻϱӵѡӦǵһػµĻҲԴػϵɱʼ֮, ϶ڷǵۺ¼Ŷ
ĿǰŶڷӵ̬һֱ˽ѹģȻⷽϢδز֪ǵĵϸ
ҪǶ, ǵĴӻϳ, ¼õĴµ
ڻƯվЩΣգʹŵ˲ʶ, ˮֵҲʶǡһˮӲʹҪƶˮأǻĶҰ
ǰʱ, һ, ЩǮڽϵĸطðһЩزǾﲢԶ㷱Ҳ̫ƫƧһֵ
ǰ콵һ֪һֶˣǳ˵֮⣬ҲûʲôעҪ֪طܶ࣬࣬¥֮Ҳ˻ΪŮһǧ
طΪ㲻ֵ̫Ҳ̫ۡ
ξֵĵλúܺáǻͨԤ⵽ֽǨʲôġֻΪﶫһӦȫ
ϵСԽ֣µµ꣬࣬СϪֵһʫ黭ĸо
һĵطܲɽְɣϵ˶ϲԺóԵĶϲÿ·ЩرĶҪġ
һԭǻ˽ġ˴λõλһĽȻס˻٣Ҳغˡ
ǺԽԽ٣·ҲԽԽˣһͨҲ˶ѡ֣ҲΡ
¼ƻİΧȻסÿصͼ൱һεСˡ
طֹܷǳȥ裬ֻҪǺúõشǸʲôС
µ˵ͷĿǰĽʮ⡣
ͻȻʲôͻȻһˣǲõǼǴô죿
šǰ˿֮Ĵ
𰸵һ̣ͻȻмԼ⡣
ǳдũ
ǿԼƽҪ
ĥһ£°͵СͰѻʰʰȻŰɡ

ˣ
ʲôҵģǣˢ˭ܿԭʲôµ
˵Ǳ߸Ǹʶе̰Сˣ˽Ǯ϶ͻǵˡھǼôʱػҪôĴҲͦˡ
˵⻰ԭˮҲһڴϣżȻˮֵĸˣǾǷ¸ĺʱ
ǣǴϵЩ᲻ߵĴŶ˿ҡ˺ò׻ֽ֮Ͱ͵ʵ
ѶǾˮְɡĥһֵ
ˣţ
ţˮֿһֱ˳ۣҲһֱˮֲ˳ۣһԭǶߵӪҵʽܽһصֻˮֺͻĲͬǣϵ˶ίڻϣˮǴΪ潣ǿͨ׬Ǯޱ
ڻҪҵתˣЩȻòˣȫԳ۸ˮ֣ˮֵֻߵߵ»ᳰϵ˵С£ô򵥾ͱŵ˸ŵˡ
ֻôˮֹƻˣǻ޼ɵıͨǵĴͨǵ˿ûзֻܾͷ
Ҫһ顣
˰֣ʾǼ˲ǡǵûȥ󾭳ͨ籨šй¶ˮĵص㡭Ҫɿ׵ȥ
ˣţ
صѹһһҪͽû
ˣţ
췢һжǾ̫ãȾǰѴ⡭˵ˢһӦҲᱻ֣ħõĸо
Ҫͽ𡭡ˮֵͷã˵ˮָһֱԸɣǺôҲͬǷӣӶǡʲôˢ
ôǲµôˮֵġҪĻͲᾪˡ
˵Ѳƶ𣬿һȻҲȥЩǵùͷֱӾٱӱĻеΣյġ
Ǿٱһ²ҵûκⰡ
ݻƲ⣬ˮֵ״Ӧú֮ǰĻһƣӵĿһȺûӵģȺӵ˾Ӷ࣬ϾԹǸǾۼĵط˵ֻǵġѴ֡
Ȼ࣬ǿƲȺǵԻ·ڷ˵ǿԶʶǮжôҪһЩΪǮķǡٱôһҵѹϣʹнڴʱ˿ǣǿҲͲ
ʱӵԾֳˡ
񻨴ĵطӻ޼ɵˮֻ࣬Բ٣ȵһ㷢ԼԺȴĸ֮󣬲Żʶ⡣
ԲůôƴºڴһȺƼݵķǸŶԴĳģоһǳ档
櫵ļμ;̫Ծˣ櫺Ҳڳɱʲô֣ôÿζôĺ·أЩǮԼ׬İɣ
²֪ˮǲǻʲôϵǴʱ˿һ뵽ҲƼݵӣĪе˷ܡ
ʵҲǻŭġҪ۸ʵ˰
ȥȥɣͰ˵İ졣°˰֣Ⱥ֪˼伲˰·ʳִȥˣ´βҪٸЩһ
ò˵Դϡȱ󣬻»ķΧԽԽˡǰһһڣ岽һڣڻ˶Ƥӵ˶û˷֡
üȥͳϣʱʱĸһЩɣ롣
һͽҪ˻زڲۣܵг۽˰ɡ
ʹߵĴôˡʣµĻԱ⣬ˮֵ˵ҲͿȥˣΪ潵Ҳܻؼ뿪ˮ֡롣ôһ˷ѰֱǱԴС֡
ͻȻãȻֻ˵Ĳźˮôǵһ

132¹˵ȷѧʽ

ǻ¾͹ֱϰڰٲץҩ, 绨ӡһ˿֮Ҳ, Ҳ˿ʲô˻ҵ
֮ǰģѹûʲôʱԭڸܿüİѾȫ, Ϥֻʣһϰ塣¹ó˴ʮ, ȺԭǱġαװƻģͬʱһĿģǰмӻ¡
ԭҲǻǸսԲܻ˵ΰɡͬʱԭĻҲ˻ǷʤһȺ˹Դϴػӵ, ǾͲỳɻǷ԰ݺˡ
ų˴󲿷ֵıҲǸ֮ϲ±Ѿ㹻, ֱŵϲϼϲ, е㾪
ҡСӳһãȻΪ, Ϊʲô
ԭȵСӳѾ, Ϊ˽Լ, ֻڻڵصˡ¸֪ϢǸ˵, ˵ʮϸС, ʹһߵСӳһ߰Ҳ£кܶƼ㡣
֮ǰûе, ҿʤ𣿡²ȷ˵
Եġкܶ˶Ѿ, нһ, ⻹СӵĶӳҲ, ӦöǺϤ˵˵֮ǰһֱػϵģӦöнӴԺദĺ졣
ðɡµ˵ͷҲûзˡ˸йСӵ״ȥ֮ӦʲôһмСӣСӳֶ˭
СӶӳǸŵĲͷֻ⣬ˡĿˡ˵Ϊȥ˱Ƚ϶࣬ԶӳĹŻæһ㣬ǳҪ̸ճι⣬Ҫǵʶ;飬Ҫʱ̽ǡ
Ŷ˵ܽʲôεɹĶ
εĶҪպá˶ԻµһʮСӣԺǵСӵĶӳ

͵Ļһ
ģʣǸСӵĴָһǡڼ֧Сӡǡӡİɣ
ǡŅ̀ͷֵĿ˻һۣȻҪмҲûϵûʲô̶Ľз
˾ˣ˻û˵һ䣬ˣȥϵطǵʱҲȥˡ
áĿŶԷ뿪ȻĬĬؿ˿飬ĪЩ졣
ȻдżȻôŶ˵ȻҲôĳĳֵȻʮѧȻ
ƫƫͱѡ塭
¶ֿ˺ð죬ôô
䡣
ʲô¡Ⱦӳǳ
ܻͷ˰Ĳۣڶ컹ʵȥ˼ϵص㡣
²ݴӡΪʲôžȻѡʮСӣѵͲֲ֪𡱿ʼŶĲ֪ʮǴġٵĻʲôʱܴйĺܻˮͰ󵽡ҪȻɴûһǧɡ
̫û΢Щ㲣ڰٲôҩζϸɫţ˵Ǹ¶ŵģΪڿ̫ϰʹһˡ
ʰ˰ٲõ²ųţʱ˸ҩ¨׼˳ʱֱҩ
˼ϵص㣬˴ŰʱڼвĶÿ˶ͶֵĿ⡣
Ϊ¿ȷʵǲŵˡ˵ߴʲôģܴҲûУֻǻһʵıƭκ˵ģմ˵˵ǿ˾˰ģرĸо
ƾ㣬¿¾һ޶ˡﳤຩҲûУʺͳ˻Ȼһĺľͻһ
žǸ˾Ͷˡ
ﰲĵǼεľ˵֮ǰһػӴͬµ˺þúþãڰǵȵˡ
Ȼ¾;Լ˴ˡ
λġнӴϤպദĺͬ¡һλǽһλ賬
賬һλȻܾöûͻ¼棬ػϸʹӵˡ
ػϻûҵ˭֪Ȼ
ԭǰ¿˵ʱ˵ʵҲ˵˵仰ʱ﾿Ǹʲôһŷû˺ǰ˵ǵ˵ģȻǺϲ賬
ԣҡ˵һֱ賬ӣҲõϢģ
ԡ
˵ԭػӵ˻ϢϢҲúúϢñɻҪ˵ػӴأ˸ʹ㡣
ǼСӵСӳʡ
ʮһӵģ˶ӵġ
ĬĬؿ˿賬˺𣿸оеֵֹģ
ĬĬظż˽ӣۼ˴żʮˡЩȫˣЩ⻹һŵˣǶ˵ǼոմػǱ߻ˣԶʶʶ
ڻ˵ػϵֻϰճǶЩĬĬŵ˵ǸѵõĻˣһоǿ˵һЩ߽ľ飬ᡣ˵ػϵͨеһңԶ
賬Դһֱûһۣ¼ԷԼȻûȤ
һ£ǣԱŵǰѽ˶˱֡Լƽ£ݣˣڳ󲿷˶ֱ
ֻл¿ͨͨһ㣬˸Сҩ¨ߴƬһ
˿ŻµӶһ֣ƺɻߴ˵ط
Ϊ¿̫ûʲôˣԴ󲿷˶Ͷڽ賬ϣĻɫһǸҹӣǮбǳҾʵѸ㡣
賬ЦһºͣػϵӳϵĲͬʶˣĻΪǸ书ǿ湫ӡ
˿Ǹһȥ͵˭ҵ°ҶȻһȥ˯
ԱŵƺҲýָû취ֻεЦ˵Щˣ鷳ĵ㡭ôǵһμ棬ҽܣ˵仰̽Ϊ˴ôߣ֮ǰǶرػϵء
վһԼضģ߾ŽʲôҪ̵ģǸܿĵطˣһСľûˣ򵥵飬÷ôĻ
Ȼĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳ֮ġĬĬ²۵
Ҫż֪ʲôҶ˵ġ賬һЦŶ˵˲˶øд
¿û˹΢еΣ˵Ƕͦº͵ģҲԷ˵㡣ȻҲˣЩˡ°ٶ̫죬ˣȺ˺Ҫĥ
У˵Ͳ˵ʲô̬ȣ㿴ǱǸӳ̬ȶãǱǸʲôⰡڻĽʱ򣬺ȻǱߴϸһԭǽǱи˲ˡ
ʲôǵ˻үһӸһСʲô̬ȣմػϹأܲѧѧ˼ңʲôŵĴԭһСľûˡզ˵ھأŻ˭أ
˾ôţôһԲؿԱŵĸһŵĿŽͻ¡
»ûǱ߾ôˣͻȻһЦ
ţ

һ̣²˽ɱ
ʶľòһɱͷƤ˹ȥ
ȫǱܵĵͷȻƿԱʻļˣ͵һ󷭶˹ȥһӵʱ䡣
˷ӦʱԭѾû˻µӰ
ղվĵطտҲֻһѷɵļû˰ڻڲͣز
ȫѻȸղŻǱ賬˴ʱҲȫư͡
˴룬ĬĬشź˳Ŀ۽
ҷɵʲô

133ǵթʬ

ոջߴߴ۵ȫѻȸ, Ҫ˵ڴ֮ǰǻû̫, ôǾѾ̫Ķҷˡ
Ⱥ֮ˣԭһСͲ, ͷǱ, һǺͽԽӵĲţʵҲ٣Բܸʵ۵ֱϵȥȣֻ㶫һ֧
Դϴػϵ󣬳͢ʶŵҪ, ǽһšҪ֪ŵ˷Χ˶һЩϵ, д󲿷ֶگĽˡ
ܵ˵ŵıƸǺܸߵġҲǵʱ½Źôȵԭźѽ˵˴󲿷ֶһӵ̬, Ǳӵд󲿷ǽȥġ
£Ѿͬʱ, Ŵ˴൱⣬в˶ĳеġȺȻҲ˵һŵĹ£ǲûۼ
ոսһɵÿ˶ܵǹɱɱ, ڽɱŻеɱкܶŵҲץﷸ, һ»ǵģôܸܹô˵ɱأ
¼ܵվĸһǱòҲûܴԲ, ֻӲͷƤվ˳, ԰һЩǡ
Ǹ, ӣǽӳȻƢãʵҲǸ˵ģŻŻǡ
ûʲôЧûһŻµĻô죿
»ûȱһλأ᳡ﴫ˳תͷȥһȻһŮſˡʹıᣬỹֹס
᳡мһƬңԴǸŮſ֮˵һӱ˳Ÿæ˳ǽͷöҲЩ޴ӡ

º·ⳡ˿áĳɹô£
̫鷳ˣ˵ǸմػǱ߻ӦҪݼٵģ˭֪ˡŵ˲˼˵ҽλءȺвٴͷʱʱĸͷۣԺ󣬿ǽҲô˰ɡ
ȺҲмսͻµһʣϾﻹǸͦصĵطǸ͢ţ΢һ½˵ĸовȨƵֱӾͰԼ͹һԸˡ
Ǹ˵Ĺ¾;ÿǱģΪĲ˵Ůʮһ
ͷŮԵλ͵ͣʹ߽ŮҲǸܻͷģܻͷŮ˶ƴˡ
ڳľͼǹ֮һܱɱſޣǾԲԼʲôʵġ
˸˵֮⣬žǡллǽʰȺ̫мˣڿȺСӵùˡ
ɵӣ¼ģҲ˵ʲôֻȥ͡뿪ڸ˵ÿˣԱ͵Ĵܳһǰ棬˺档
û£Ӧġ賬ЦŶǸ˵֮Ҫô
ŶһʱͲ̫ˡŵЦרǽҪעʲôһԺŻ·񣬵ȻЩΪĬǾҲǺõġ
ĬĬվں濴賬賬ӿְô˵һɴͷŰԼӵƤαװĸоӸղڻ᳡ʱش𣬵ںŸ˵ύ̸ֶԷ괩˵ĸо
ô£ԷԴʲôҩ
ҲûԹԵվһֺζ賬ζεģҲ賬ΪʲôͻȻ˽£Ŀǰ賬֪ʲô
ŵ̸賬ͷת˻¸ͶԷ˵ȴ賬ֱԽתͺǲ
ӣȻ賬Ϥ
һûг𣿡
룬Ҳгɡеϸġ
֪Ϊʲô賬˻һּϤӦĸо˼˰ŻȻ򡪡ԭ賬衣
ʵ׵ǸһӦţýһɵɵһɶŻСѵĹ壬賬Ͱ·ɱǸʵ
뻹Щ졣ĵԣҲͬ뷨ҿǸЦһȭ
˺ͬµġµ
Цѿӹ͸¶һֲĸоЦÿˡر𺩺񡣡
񡭡¶ݴͻȻղܡ
һ⣬Ϊʲô࿴žûʲô۵أתͷʣȡȡҲװѺһ㣬һֱò衣
ΪʲôҲ֪˵ʵӦã࣬Ҫ˵ûʲôۣǿǻȷʵٱץɻ¡
кȻ֮Ȼа룬ͻȻĳ˾ѧĻ
࿴ʵԭ򡭡ҲΪʵɣ̷淢չһ⣬İ˽ĶûУǸ̤̤ʵʵˡ
˻°죬תͷˣߵʱһ仰ǵһȡҩ
֪ˡºתԼõĵطȡҩ賬ʲô޵֮⣬ʲô޹ϡ
ңۡʵˡ賬ڻǰŪǹعǰˣ󵶣

ǱһѾõϢελСӶӳȻǡ硱ַǳʵĸоҪ֪µݾԲ⴫ģҲ½ӵĹҪһЩ飬Щ˲żȻ֪˻µݡ
ָоǺõģ֪Ǽٵ硭֪ǼٵģȴȫɳģǴʱʲô
⼸ֶ˺ܶ͵͵ڰٲΧˣҪǰȥ۲һλϸıòŮˡ
Ⱥ˵Χ£ոһգ긴һĽҩҩҩ̡ԴھѺУԴ곤ַ֣ԴЦ棬ÿ͵͵۲˶Լ·ʧǡ
͵͵ȥµ˶оԼһ۵ϴ֡ģ˭ĸоһ˷ܵĶȻ˫ĿʧĻȥ
¾öǰ͵͵Сǻͦģճ˺ܶȤͬʱҲĶȤζ
ҲĿʼԼԱתơµĿĽɢֹĳ磬һϢӽϴʱ
İѾ˳ʮλʿ
нըǣȻڵһλڵһλ⡭ǽ˶Լ˹ˡ
Ȼţͱ˸һȻû
źͻըģҲͬ⡭
Ǵ֪ûϢģ

134зϰ֮

Ǹµ˰ĬĬ˼, ǰһֱüʹǰҲӦһʵ, ô˵ҲǴԽһʵԹŴĽͨϢٶ, ﵽС˵ôſЩѡ
ǽ컪¾Լˡ
ܲһ, ֻһ־˵һڶ鹹ˣͺnpcһ
ȻѽͶԷΪʲô֪绹ŵϢ
ܹݵĵطҲֻһڲˣһ֮ǰ½ӵȥƵЩˣ, һ־ǻϵһˡ
ŻʲˣڵõϢĵͰѻϵͨͨŲһ飬ҲûõʲôϢͬʱҲͬ顣
˳һỨĹжôĹ淶¾Ͳϵ˷ݣ֤, ճӤõȼڲᣬӺûĶм¼
ȻŲһ֮ôҲûҵ, ⷴ˻¶ľηС֮ǰĹ, Լ񿪴۸Сѧһ, ˼ӡ
ǰĴ, ûʶ, ϻǲԻġ
, ֮ǰҵǼڶѾҪŪ, ڿô졭ϵҵ˻, ¿ǻǰЩƳļƻ
żƻϸĿţŮŮУÿǣֻϧһ㡪û
۵ͷ˭ǿԼİʵǿģ˭ûҲ֪֮һ൱Ĳλһֱĥôڰûվ̫˵Ȼ˽һ档
ˮҪҪһʱġȻûˮʱ򣬻ʵĥһ뷨뷨΢Щ󵨡ðšһ¡
㿴һ»¶ථԴ
ڹŴĽ˵ڱһı׼Ŀǰ㣬עƽ̨Ӧþǰųĸְڽ϶ǳ
Ȼ֮ǰץʲôͺ»ߣ¸ǿһӦҲǿԵġΰİֱŪ͸
ȻǮҲסôǸǳ˼Զˣ裬ǸճʱѾδʮȫ滮˵ˡ
ھе㷢δһﻨϵжʮ޳Ŵûƻˣһú׬ǮԺ𻨴ô찡Ժݽҽƻôʵ֡
ͷͺʱַ˷ϵ鱨Щӽϵģʲô¥ڲʮּңԭ¥ЩԾӣʲôˮֹȻѾӪˣ֮ǰĵ̶ռһաʲôѾɹţһʽˡ
һ鱨ºȻһеϢǰǸ˳ʹôҶ֪ûϢȥػϵĶ࣬󲿷ֻĽǰȥĽˡ
ЩҲŮ٣Щػϱֳ̬ҲȻͬԶˣǷǳϲģʮģһػʹѰҵʱ类ͱ˵ĵص㣬һػϴ˵ͷΪʲôûһͱ
¿Ϣĵһ۾üͷԱһֱ۲Ż±εЦţԼһСĴ˸̫Ϣ
ʵϢԼ˽ĵģ˵һǲôϢһξֲŻᷢϢ֪ݵ֮һ͸µҪʲôȻûôҪҪһϴ飬ǾͰϢ֪˻£ʿϴʲô뷨
ʵиֵǻû˵ǵʱ˺ܶѪһȺŹȥҪѪ硣⼸ϲֹܻСҲܻ𡭡
ǡʵ̫ˣһһưֽϣֻǻŭûй
Աߵĸһ߶µʣ󣬴ˣҪһѵ𣿡
һҪѵ¼ȷ߿
ǣͻȥ졣˵ͷ絷⣬˵ȥҼܴģȻػɱ˶ȥ
ʹļ׵˵ιôܲǮأ
ˣɶ
´ʱ˿ͻȻ·ͨζһͻȻʶ˳˰һѵ㡭ǾԼڻ˭
ǿ˿ˡ´һҪȡѵһҪԼҵҪȻպոƱǮղ
ˣɶ
ʵ˵ʵǸϲͷˣϾԸȻ෴ֻʱǮͷԣڴڸзϰһ״̬֮С
žзħҸǮѺ౦вС˵е״̬
Ҫ˵ִıŮɣŮɣǹŴΪɶܳŮɻأ¾˼⡣
ôţȥ֮һСػǱһ£СĿֳͱĽƻԭһ΢ѹƾװɡ̽һ̽µ
ˣ
΢һ㣬ȻҲܺŪˣһҾȥһ潣㿴ʲôӵģȻһ¡µ
ˣǲǸص㣿
Ȼǽˡ¿Ļɵ죬ԭƻ¥ģθˣǸ¥
ҪǸ¥һҹ֮Ϊȫľ¥
һãľͻȥˣʵ˵ԼÿԼϴܱˢһۣرйǮ飬ϴǸһѾСš
ڻΪʲôѡ¥˳ĳΪʱ俪ʼ¥֪ÿϸڶ
ʱڵ¥ڶϣؾѾԣ¥վλãʱ书Ҳǽչٵʱڡ
Ǹʱֱǿ£ʱ¥书ʽһδĽͼǰоɵģ˵书ⷽ¥Ĵ󹦳
ҲΪʲôûµ书¥ķ񣬵ֲڵ¥ԭʱ¿ǰ¥˴ദҲû
ǽ¾͵һ⡪ѽΪܾúܾǰʹ书¥书ôƣҪ֪Ȼˣǰǻڵġ
ԭ书˽ⲻϾ˿书˽ŷһ˵书ԷֱɼˣͬһԴġ
ñ˿ʲôԾ
ǽֺﾫġ
Ҫ˷ʵ˻ºʲôϵǿɾ˰

135ѧ(α)

ôñ˷ֲԼѾʱǰ, Ŀ˺ܳʱ, ȥԼ¶Աʱڿǡ
Ȼʱ˸߻ǲ, ǻܲͽһûûΡ
µ֮, ԼȻǵһģ賬ȻҲǣǳ벻ˡ
賬Ϊ˰ݺþӵĽɫνѪ
¼ȺǻѧϰŵһЩ֪ʶĳƴʲô˼, ĳǴ˵ģⶼҪһһĽ̸ǡȺ˿ûзϤ, ǿ˵һ޵ҵǸӵġ
Ⱥûһͷ˻, ʱװһε, ʵ͵͵Ĺ۲Ż¡
ԭǾûǸߴƬˣԴϴλ¶ķɵ, ÿ˶ôΪˡ˶ʼǰСӳϵǣǻȥ֮ϢͨˣȻûһ֪˭ġ
ԼƵģû̫Ƣ
һӳǶ֪˻ǲңǰ˸֪ǲҪѶӳϢ£Ǿ;ø, ǵĶӳʲôˣ
²ûǻ೤ʱ䣬ѧʱѾĥĹ, ֪Ͽεʱи۾ʲôĸоȻԼһ, Ǽܲס}û, Իתͷȥ
ʵ˼ҶĳأŽáһ˵ŵģǻ֮ǰ˵ġռһطǸˡ
¸յһںںŵ߽˵㣬˳賬һȺϰ书
Ȼ֪賬ĥʲô۶ӣڵѧҸġ
ŵȥǾڸʲôõĻҲһ
ȥ֮Ǳߵ賬ͻȻͣ˵ԭϢһ¡
еڸʲôоôһ˿˿Ծ賬ڹӦòǴɡڸأ
ǱĹ򣬻ĬĬҵԱڳԹϵĳСͬ¡
СͬڻµϺbuff£˵һʵ顣
ʵϴͽӳֵ̫ˣԺѧ˺һᣬме·ľͽӳĶǸСͬµӳܾ;Щɣ⼸ʱһֱˣ͵͵Ľһ㿴ҵı졣
ʲôҵı죿ʡ
ӳҴһЩ书ǱߵСͬ˵⼸˵ʲôġ
ҵ裬ҴĹ򶼱Ƴ𣿻龪һ£Ҳû賬̵ʲô̫µݡ
󲿷ֽ˶ٵмſҹֻҪ漰Ĳ֣漰ڹһЩʵǿ˵ġ
ֶʹ˵ˣǸŵҲʹʲôҲܹһԼ书Сɰˡ
ˣܹһСҲʮֲˣôҲ漰˼Ҵ֡ʱ书飬ǼʹͳһĶҴĶ̸˾ǺѼģ˺棬ȥһֶۣ賬ͬ顣
ڻһϴ˳ʱԭ賬˻أۿžҪΪСܡܵżˣɳһѷɵӲİѺýʱϡ
Ҫ˵ЩȻû֮ǰã˭ǿóġΪˣǵԸҪ׽ܴ̼һĶ
һɵȻ˦ǴֲſһºЩǾȻԻºͽӡġ
һͻľ˦ôֵģһǲ׶㿪˷ɵģ˴ӾЧϼֱ̫˶Ŀˣ׵ľѹ賬ķɡ
賬˾;Լʡ¾Ȼɵľͱ˸ȥˣвʣⲻͻԼٵĿݼʱ䣬ǰ̵Щ
ʵ賬û¿ãԽû¿Խ뿴͵͵˹ȥǱ賬ЩҲֲ
ĿһᣬֹȻϣ賬̵ȷʵֻƤëƤëҲеʵϵģ賬ûнڹʲôģľȻһЩеСɺͽ⡣
Ⱑ
ЩΪʲôһֱŲˣһӿεĶûУԭĶ벻
Ҳһֿ͸Ķ賬ŸôҲǷǳһˣڻ˵ýžνȻȻһѧĶѧ֮еѡƾֱ;c˳һ
Ȼһǵѡb㡣
¿˰ȻӶһߣһξԼˣѹûȻ˴Ӻһߡ
û緢ġ
״ֳʲôˣ
ƾԼֱ;Ӧ˵ʲôְĲֱ˵ʣʣǸһʲô˼
ʶ˻
һ£ʼ˼ʶʶĲˣǽ⣬ʶӦò賬ǱʹֽˣҲ˵Ӧݡ
ŵˣӦþǵˣ¿ʼ类ΧļѰ˴һӺͻȻĳ﷭ôһˡ
У
¾ˣǸ˰죬ȷʵǸʹòˣҪ֪ὣ⣬ǾͿԱһʹòˣڵΧ˵УὣżԵʱǸֻҲȺϲˡ
ôһͨͨĽֵ㼤ôʱ䣿ӵ˵ңһʹˡ
¾ĿŨŨġûʶ֡
⡭һᲢ۰Сӡ
賬Ǳתͷֽ¸˰죬һ˼·ż˵ǸԼ΢Ȼ˼£Ȼ˵˼
ôҲǸȺܵˡ߶ˣټϱñӵôһ˵´ʱҲ˵ʤģȻϰһԼܲʹ׽
ɣʱ˿һͻ뷨˻µ
һֱŵıǩǿ׵ʵˣƾǩǲѧ¥µ书ģΪʵǩҲܵƣԲһЩ̫顣
ɶɶأǲǾ˳µĽΪʲôں¥Ӵɻ¥µʽˣ
ʱͻȻ˵ģȻǽзḻ֪ʶϵģԼûʲôϵ
ǱϢʱ䵽˵賬Ȼ͵͵ĴȻװµ߹ȥҪ

136µ

賬Ϣ, ȻͿ³ԶԶ˹, һ, תװ, Աߵ˹ȥǱиŵǰڽԼͽǡ
»ûߵͿԷѾת뿪ˣ϶˶ԷΪԿ, ﻹеˡ
ðɺðɡԼܰ°
賬Ȼ, ǽ黹Ǻ㣬ûѡתߡ
⼸ó㿴ұ¹ȻЧģӵһܶ˶鲻ߣкܶ˻ָ˵һϿʱ, 
ֻóĵԼĿұ, Ե׻еۡ賬ʵܺܺõǼҵĽ, ˵ʵһ常߹ġ常ҲţǼһˡ
賬⼸ر, һЩǰҲǻ, ҲĿ֮һûĻ, 첻
⼸Ѿȵ, һЩǰֻ˵û˶ڹ, , ÿﶼǸƶĽ, ˱ɽȽ, 賬ġ
, ڵλǰһ
賬ǱţĶԼԱжԱ˵⼸쿴ӳҲͦ𣬵һʱֻƢãǺýĺ
⻰賬ЩѹĿڵһ롣
Ǽ˵˾ôӳôҲǹ¹ͨҲˣϹʲôأ
ղŻһ賬Ȼ˸
תͷ뿴˵˭պþͿ³Ÿղ˵˹ȥǱ߻˵ȥ˭
ӳҲˣ
ȥ̽Ṧ
ֲӵģܽ𣿡
賬ԭҪһģһˣ˲ͷתԶװ˿ûйעӣǶѾܿƵ͵Ǳߵ̸
ӳ¸չȥкüôԼղִԱߵļһѽ˵ǰõǽôҲǻõģõĻ
ǸλʵʲôѾûκˣժҶԿˡΪѣͬҲǸǳţƵˡţ߲ûʲôϵ
߹ǼʶĶԱЦŵأ˵ӳرѾ˺üˣ
ǰӳ⼸ӳһֱڽǸԱ
ôͻȻˣ賬ɻܾûӦûʲôģתһ뻪ˡ־ûľôɵϾϺˡ
µĺbuffâմء
ڳǼͣͻ˵⣬кܶھܱȽֱ۵ĿĽʲôӵˡȻǸ˵ĽˣȻǶֿͷȷĻظ»е˺ܶࡣ
ﰲĿżԱߵļ˶ԻµӳҲ¶֣ҽֵǹ
֮ЦŰ˰֣̫ˣҾ͹Ƕѡ
ʵôشţȴ˼һҪô졣ҪһѧһģһҲδ̫˰ɣ⻹ǵ꿴˱ݵģֻԱߵһתģһỹŵȽϺá
Ѿ⣬ǱߵĶԱڲͣȰ˵¶֣ҲԼ̵ģ¿ҲǺ˵ģ˵ȰȰž¶һأ
賬￴Żõ˹Цһ˵˾ȻܵĶԱˣҲǲڽ̵ĶԷǾòģյ뿴ԷЦ
ӳὣ𣿻ὣĻ¶һ£ӳѾó˵ѹ׵ĶˡԱһ˵µʵ̫ýһõ
ＸýˣõҲС
±˰ư͵Ƶ׮˵ԼõʱһȺ˾Χ˹һ£˵е̫˰ɣûôģһΧôô졣
תͷԱߵһԱӳôǵģҲѧѧȥýҵĶԱ
賬˺΢΢һЦļҴؼⶫҪ˾ѧᣬϾûмҴ书ôһ˵ˡ
ȻҲΪ»⣬ֻһɵ˵Ӱˡ
Աߵ˵ǲ賬ͻ¹ϵ£⿴˶ǡĶšԸ񣬿»Ϊͦϵأ͸ʾһѣָпϧ̫ˣ⼸Ҳû͸ǲôһ򡣡
³ûúÿһ⽣⾿ʲôӵģҪ˵賬ݵĽʵҲôһ˿ֱ֮ȽϰԵġӦǾ֮Ӳʹ˰Եĸоú͵һЩȽ
ĥһЩŵʵҲôһģΪڿ϶ܿг֣һ֣ǾֲЧװС׾ȫˣᱻֱѶô͵ѧ˼ҵļҴ书ġ
ٵĻгʱĸоȻòҲ£òģõĳǸԱЩԥĵȻҲټӳýҾĽֻҪúõĸһӦþͿˡ
˵ţԱߵĵԱߵ賬һ㶣˵⿴һҳʲôõĲԵĵط
ǵö˲֪ý˰ɡ
ڳǲ˶֪賬óǼҴĶϾҲô󲿷ֻͨͨĲ졣ǰЩкܶ඼֪ʶľûܿ⽣ŵǺ£ô˵Ƕڸ½кá
ֻһԶԶһֱûǰ˲ź賬һԶԶĿֵġ
賬Ż£Ȼһ£˵үˣ˵ܽҲң֮ǰҲǸͨ˼ҵĺӣԿҲûʲôʶɣ
¿ʼǸȻģѾĺˡ˵һΣοԼڼĸоӳ˵һ
Ȼܲҵһʧˡ
һ²ԼŪ˸ԱΧ۵˾ĿŻ£ܻûóһ޴Ӳİǰ׮ӿ˸ڣøͷôĿӡ
ȻⲢϡ棬ϡǻϵѵȻʲôҲûС
ΧΧȺһƬȴûǣŵ½Ƕȣ˵ڶ
һʧˣľ׮˵ڶӣΧ˶Ŀߡ
оǲԡȻΧ˶۷׷׻ºǿǻԼ⣬ΪĿľͲǲָоָоʲôأ
ھʱ򣬺ȻԼ岻ܿƵԼˡ
һ㲻Ҫ
һ˲仪µ˺ܶණ̿ϻʣˮСڡݡ
Ҫ
ĿԼԱߵĵˮǵĶˮرÿϤĸо
ǰѵȥʱ򡭡ʱ򡭡ʱ򡭡ȴͻȻЦˡ
ֻ֡ӳһһڱ˿ʮֵľʣֻһݡС
һʵģ¸Уװ˵һ
סĴ󺰣סҪЦ
һûɽ֮ƿȥͬҲǿƫˣƫĵ֮ǰԱߡ
Աԭյ賬ͻȻסˣôܣ
ΧܶԭֻǿֵҲ˲סˣкܶ˵ı˲ͱղ賬һֱǸǰ֪ʱҲ˹ʱıҲࡣ
´ʱָƿȨѹЦװʲô֪ӣԱͬʲô֪ˣỹڸ¸ղŵȲء

137

һƬֵ, վĬĬع۲Χĳʵ״һ־֪û, ȻղŵɵĺۼԼóûʲôһ, ǻԼܸܳ
ôҲͬһ, ĸоץȻôһƵģЩѣԼһҵ·ظͺˡ
¸һһ, ɵøпȻǸšĶšôζûܳɹ, һξԳɹˣСѹŵ״̬
賬Ա߼״̬, Ȼ书ļҲûô״̬ǺôԼҵĶ϶ϳġ
ʱ̳ҲǾʾ, ʵó, ޷Ǿűѧ, ˸ֻ, ǸղŻһûۻĻ, ĺǸĽôһơ
Ա߻һȺѧΧŻ, ĬĬػζһ¸ղǸַ, ŵĿ˸ղǸʲôԵĵطˡתͷȥǸ˵, 㷢, 
ԭһ߿ֵôһ˵Χ˹, ղԭֻڿµ, ͻȻó֮ΧȺ۾һ, ʶļŵĳԹϿ֣¶Ҫ˼ҵļҴ书ǡˣæȥ˰ѻ¸סˡ
ЦԼѧ˻ͨĴ£Ҫٽ̳ȥǾǲ֮˺
ԱΧ۵һȺԭֻڿ֣߻ĳһˣȫΧסˣʲôһȺռŵһȫһãȻĿȺǰҲһãȻĿǣΪ֪Ⱥ˹Ϊʲôֻǵıŵˡ
ȥơĪ״иղųֻ̫˰ɣ
ȹǸ˵͵ͷۻãȻı飬ʾ⻪¸ߡΧһƬȻȰ´ԱǰѵǸŶԷ뿪ˡ
ֱѹѹһȺˣǶ֪Ӧǳʲô£ǹ˲һ˹ǲϹ˵ʲô飬Щǻûʽŵ񣬾ѾǰһѱǸʲôĸо
л˵߱ȥԱߵһСûˣֿšŽȥɨĻǺܸɾģе壬ȽȥһˣԼִеĸо
Ӧ˵Ǵз˵ĸо
±һ׮ǰ棬Ϥľͷ׮ӣղǸǰʾľͷ׮ٿһ£»һãȻı飬óԥһᣬǿһ¡
һȵҪȺܶ࣬ĵӡ΢΢ЩƫһʵǺġ
ΧΧȺڿֱø
ڵĳͱȽϷˣ֪ô£װ֪ŵӾľ鷢ԼϣĪЦ
Ǳ߳һʻ£ǰ˽𣿡
ûСҡͷǽ쿴Ǹ֮Щԣһ¡
ԱߵǸʣ˵˵ӦҪôűȽϺãú£˵һ˵С
֪ĬĬ²۵ʮ˳磬״зǳ˳ǽҪǽˣ師ʽûʲôϡģǹҡ
˵Ҳ̫ˡ
ӣҾܱȽϽһƣȥˣҲõʹӱȽϰʹЧܸһ㣬һѵ˻ˣӦҲˡ
⾭Լӹݴһ˵Աߵļȫ˴˻һۣʱͻȻȺп賬ڵı飬˿ŵ˵͸ճƵġ
ȻһȺ濴ۣΪӵߣʱҲûʲô
ղʻ»ǸӦͬҵĽϤ¿кܶϼ롣Ҳ˺ɫѿе賬ˣҪˣεҲĴȥһүү͵ġ
賬仯˰죬ֻǵͷ˵ǡ
СӡǸתͷ㣬һʹһҲܸʹҾȥŵؼʹǾˣΣ
Ǹȿ׬롣ڱھǸɶҲ˼ҺӣʹһԺĲ֪ʲô¿ôΧЩ¡
ղǸ˵ؼջͦ󡭡ǾѧҲֻǸָҪǻܿء
Ǹ˿ľ׮ԭֻ̬ӵӣǻӵĶȴ쳣ľʣ˲佫ǲ֪˶ľ׮һϡ
ͷԡڻµĶϧϱû
֮а״˵Ҳ˵û᲻һʹˣ
ܿʶ˵ġԡҲ˼˼һ¡Ϊ״иɴһһͱȸղһʶˣ˶ͬõĹϵ
ǣ¾ôŰʱΧһ״еŰ֮á
Ǹ˲ȤΧȺڶһ֣ڳвѾͷ׵ˣһ˵
ȿһܲѧᣬһеǽģҪѧҾΪͽ
Ҷôʱˣںȥ
У
гһиܲ򣬵Χ۵˺ܶȻҲʹչȥˣ¾Լڴͷӵһߡ
˸տʼһ𾪵ı飬Ż½ֻۣʹһʽ
ǵѾһ˷ˣſĸоÿɹһǶ޲ø¹ĸƽиá֪ĸּпֵǸ츳
µеˣʵе㺦״л᲻ˣ״оȻľôͷһ磬һûԣ֮ǰӷš
쿴쿴ʱԽԽãΧۻµԽԽˣ˵˵ϺͷǸιһˣιһѧһ
ôȥǸŰ
ʵڲ붯ˣ͵ǸλǰʱвУ
һڣЩ˲γѣͷ˵УУû⡣
⣬תͷлؼңиͻȻؿ˻һۣСӣ㻹⣬ٸҸ㻹һʹöó
˽һᣬԼˡ
Աߵ˽˳溰һ죬ˣȥҪ˭ȥҾʹȣ
ĬĬԼӣػɡ
˵ɶ˼һС˵ɵС·²Ҫ̰

138ҹİɫҹ

ϵڸ˼һ, ȵķֻ²һȦ, 񶼱øΪʵ˵ӡ
ʵļֱǻ˸Ƶġ
¶֪ǽҪʲộһֹǵĹǺ, Ȼİ档Ҫ˵ЩʵһҲ, ûͷľѾˡ
ǰǰٲȻͰɸɵСӺƣÿȤǸУȻĥһʹһģһġ
ÿεȻʹһģһġʼϲһʹһ߸ֳѧ
ϡص˸ʱ⡭ȸֲһ㡣
ǵԼӦΪ˽ԼĶԱģȴѾȫûˡ
ڻˣž⼸ĲԲŵóһۡǸš
һʼµı֪书һ¥ӵɱѧ, 书вŴô¥񡣵룬ʱ¥ǸɱֳӺҲֻǻʱ, ̸ܽµĹҲޡ
֮ǰһֱһ磬ǰи˹ʻµ书Ǹ˭ѧ, ·ǳлһϷ롪ԼС¿, и·Ĵ͸ѧ, ȥ, һ˴ǿʲô͵ѧʲô, ı
λǰ㱵ľͻȥ, ֪Ƿ̫ĴĬĬظ˸, Ȼʵʵ˵, 籾δزʵġ
ΪһûʶɵСӣȻᶮĿǰ˶ĺڻһһǸճµͷ
ҲӦ°ʽó͸ؼǸˡ¾ؼǺܸȤӣȽϸȤ
ڴӦ˸ȥؼ⿴Ļᣬ˸磬Ȼںü˵Ĵ½һСְĵصһȺһܶļǰ
һ㡣Ǹ˵ŰѵƸ£ֻ
뿪¿⣬ͻȻΪȤˣ˵磬¶ʶ󲿷ֵؼ˵ȻҲûʲô塣
Ա߻͵͵Ķţܸоĵ˼ʵҲȫģ㲻ǼǸçһѻ˰ؼյɾôأ
ԻµһһڱƤӵ£ʲôʹؼ֮ɥʧһ塣
˵Ļ治绪¿ԾᣬȥЩϵŽӴıȽ϶ࡣ
ؼֱһ۾ϵó
˱ɵ飬㿴˿ĳЩݾѾܺˣôóŵؼأ
ֻ˽ºʵϵʲô𣬲Żᷢ顣
ֿ˿ԱߵϣдšɽֵؼȻǰ
΢΢һ£תֳűȥˡ
ϵ鿴˸󣬻װδɵСһָſקģȻץ˱дй¥书
Ÿ¥Ȼû˽½ӴⱾ鵹˵ǶĿǰŽӴ¥ɱ书ܽˡ
󣬻¾㹦ˣʵʵĸ˳Ͽһ£ϿŻ¥Ǳ
µǰװ硭
ԶԶԣ˵ôˡ͵ԼԴȥȥɣʲôüǵùҡ
á
´鰲ľͳȥˣ˭Ҳ֪µС̡

¥ľԽԽңҵʹǾ˶ڹעĵزˡ
˵˶ѾĿͶĳ϶ɱġ¸մԽʱ˯جΣج֮һǹʱεģպ¥ŵΧûμѹ֣Ϊʲôء
žǡţıȽʹɡ
ϵǣ׹СѡʱϱƳȡǸˣȻͦԻ¶ԶʮɭֲĻ棬׹۾Ȼȫͦˡ
ԭ°²۰˵Ǹ׹ۿ»£֮ɻĺܼǿӣʱϵһЩչǸʱϵķչ֮
û¾׹ˡôһ֮
⺢Ӳһùɣ
˰Ȼ΢ã׹ۿǸֱС
ʱߵصûЩڸԼֵµһС
ʱͷжøɡ˲֪ж࣬Ҹ֮ѡ
ʱôɵģãȻ룬ô;ľ˳أ
⼸쵹мСҪԼԳÿܶڽĵһߣջ¸ǵҪﷸʱʱ׽üС͵ʲôġ
ѡĶˣԻ»õ˻·裬ܻ´Ҫһ±ƣǰջµҪȥˡ
еĴҲǴ迪ʼİɡһӾӦҲûʲôϵܿ췢Щ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ôء
ɱһʷķһȦûһ
¾ǲǶ˼ʲôⰡô򵥵£ôỨôʱ䣿
ʱزģҲֻ˶̶̼µʱ䣬ͳɹĸµ˾֪˰ô
Ϊʵڰ˼⣬ĳ컪¾ͼƻǽͷ棬úõļһûԼµ
ɣ¶ԻġģŶԻµġҲġ
ŶԻ³еġ
Ϊ¥Ѿˡ
ȥΪ˴һ¥﾿ʲô飬ڲѾʲôزˡиŵµвİȫסҪǾϻ
¸пһüĸо
ǰŵ˿ɲ仰ڷǸ˲ţ
¸Ǳȥ˸ϢһطʱûĻӦúңˢڸеĵĺûᰡ
ͬʱҲúÿԼѡˣôʹ򲻳أ
»ɻ̬Ǹطò˵һ㡪ϵĺ
¸յĵϣͿһԾӰˢһ´շɹȥ׷ԶһС͵Ӱ
ǸأԱ߸һһãȻĵ
ԭһԲ׻
ֻܿһ˵Ӱ˹ȥ˽һʵ׳
·Ӷ̵Ĵţͦ·ץ˵ġͷҲţᵲ۾
紦ӣá
ǡôô

ͻȻһֱôˡ
Ĭһֿһɫ̴ͷɾƵӰˢһҲǰȥһѽܵĽһ찡
˵ǲ񾭲Աߵ˵Ա˶·ҹɫҹ¡
³Ĭ룬ĬĬתͷ˵ǡ

139¸ϵĵһſ

ɫҹµλأ´ӱӰûпĻ, ԷǰЩӱ˺ѧꡣ
Ǹ˻һ, ϲС·Ǹ, ʱ¾ò˳, ǿ˰·ڻڲʶԼʧ
û˵ԷӦôʲôİ·Ҳû˵Ȼ˰·ҪֱƸԶԷɵһŰɫҹдĴ, 
ϸļɹ, ҲǸյһ, 糾͵, ȫû⼸Ӳ̫ʹˣ±ܵĿֵӰϴ˯ˡ
Ȼµ˯жġһҪһҪǴııġ
ȷʵҲǻ¿ǲܰ, ǰʱ⿼ǲҵתˣΪһҲʲôѵ, ȴͷһһĴֱ, ͨӹĶû͸˵һ·ˡ
ڶ컪һ߸ϵ, һ߰Ըϵϵ, ҪúõĽһ٣ڵĶǲӵġ
Դµ֮һֱúܰ, ˵İʵ֪ӦֻһĻꡱ, ͳ˵Ĺ, 粢ƿԭ¾ͿԿó, ڵ״̬ϸ˵Ӧý
Ǻദʱˣ½ҲܸܵһЩֵֺܹĸо²ʱǲҲַͨʽ
ܺԵĸо粢ʮֵĿģõͳݣһ仰˵ǻȴ֪ĺ
ºټôĵӣҪҪץϵǼɵ棬ȻһϤ˳ǰ
һ̣»һ顣
ʱǸɵӣ粻ĵмָ
Ŀǰ˵ܴλеġ޷Ҳĳλɽɵ¡

ھ뼸һط¿һϤˣϴųһ̯ѡʲô
ʵ˵ղһ̧ͷ͵ľͷ˰ѻһֱȴҹƬͻȻ˻̼
һתˣӵĶԷô⣿²ȥҪμúٷһ
ԷһС̯ѡʲôԲûע⵽µߡ´Ҵҵ뿪ԷҲûз֡
ԱߵĽϣ˿ĬĬظԼ˸ѡطڣӴԺ˵һҪСһ㡣
ҪСԣҪСĵԼ
ת˸Ȧ¾Լӳ졣ȻԼԳ˯ǰǶʱúõ˳һ˳ʧܵĳʷָطһβʹĻ䡣
ȵȣô˵һʱҲ¥ﴦȽѹֵʱ䣬ʱˡ㲻ǳˣ
Ϊһ·϶ڿǰѧ⣬ЩĲɡԭ˵ҪúõĿһµΣòҲˡ
ǻߵ;зиӳ˹½ӹϵֽһǼɵӸԣ˵ǾǰǸ
һִñĸоֱľǼҲ棬ȥǼһ㶼ûаˡ
ԭػϵʱĻûôɣһѹԼָӹ١ûǻ⼸Լɶɶһر
˾̫ˣʵﶼУָΪԼֻǸֻͱܵˣǸӵˡ
ʮֻôһϰģЩϰָûÿ˵Щ书ʽԭġ
Ȼû̫ע£͵͵͡ľһ˺
ľһ˭ԭ»£վԭסôϤ⼸鲻ã

½˲ݣͿмʵҺ
Ůͳһĸĸɾ䣬м۵ģϴűϻɹĺӡӣһ̧ͷĳŻһЦһǰӦͦĿĳ棬û¿˾ֻһʵ֮
ޱĿŻ⼸
иڣƫƫҪһףԺڵΪҲ̶õ˶ԻЦֺǡ
¿ڰ潣ﲻͣĬҪɱҪɱ
úõĺȿڲ裬豭һ˲䣬ԱߵİڽͻȻһЦ¶һĴ
ǿСķѩ׵·ͺֱСƷЧ¸ɴһڲȥˡ
Ǻİ˵ϻԱߵĻæҵĸĺ󱳣߶ʱһҡº±ʲôϳͣ㣬ԽԽ˵Щ˾Խҡ
֮ƽˣȻҲ϶û취ˡ¿۶и¥Ա߻иӣͻȻָߣȥǱߡ
һתأﲻͣһôúý̽СΪһ۾ۼƳ˼ˡ
ЩСʱ򻹲֪ʲôʣ˭Ǵӵģ
˶һۣһС˵ǾǾȽϷ㡭
°Ѳ豭£ֱӣͷֵʵǰЩҲ˵ӴıȽʵԲŴôһ
ͻȻˡ
ʾЧģڻܴ·ʱ򣬻ϴ·Ҳܶ࣬΢ʵһ㣬ϵ˾ʹİԼʵǸȥ졭
ȻǸ˿϶вһЩʲô򲻻ģ¾ʵҲô塣
֪ΪʲôЩĬĬ𣿡ʡ
ļ˻µĻ΢ЩãȻҡҡͷ
ֵԼ΢е۵̫ѨʹƽﴩĺܡʵҲһԶôȥ
Ŷļ˱黹һãȻɴ˲豭һ˴ӸղſʼһֱŵǸµɨһȦָеһ·һ
϶ûлϵ˴ĿʽԶԶŮ˴ĺÿ
Ի±Ƚֱӡɴ˼Ůװ
봩һŮװΥ͸ʵҲһͦǿ¡Ȼܾ⻰ֵֹģǴʱ˿Ҳûôʱȥˡ
·ϣͷɢŪŪ̶̵ֻʮʱڣͻָڻǸϤģ
һմ״ĿŻ£°һδԼͷϺתͷۻϳմˣǵӿܲ壬ӦǱŵˡ
ŵˡ
ȾϴͷһȺʡ⵽˭һڻµĻװٶȾԱȾͷҪ졣
ȻĿŻ´һʵˡϤϴ󣬿ϸǵҪǿһ㡣
۸ղžͶϵļˣӵԺҪٶȣǴӻʲôˡ
ϵãȻͷʱ򣬻ѾֱĴ¥ȥ
˳ȥ·ߣ¥͸ʩ˾һһľȥʧ

140л

ʱҪŵҪ, ŸµָԼŰ죬ԾԱӦûŵڣ´ôһ¥ʱѹ
Ͼڵǰ簡
֮Դôһ¥, Ĳ׽˼˵ӰԲŸ¥ġ
¥Ǽݿ϶ǲġ֪û󡣻·ǳ÷, Կһ߸Źһ߸Щ˺úõһΡ
ղż˼е, ¾ǻһᡣ
ҡ»еԼС˼һֱ𡭡ܾϺÿѳȥһȦӦû÷ǳĵġ
Ǽװµվ¥, ¸ոһ֣˲, װµ, ȴԷѾֱֱ˹
ǾԼܵù, ֻ޸, ôͻôһϤˣ
۾һᣬĿңңһ˵ϣǸ˻亹ֱð
¥û¼ס˲, Ͼֻۻۿļ, ǰ˲ǡ
Ϊ, ҲΪ, Ϊϵǰѽ
һѺý
һѡܶܶǮĺý
¿˵Ŀ, ̵ס, վ, һ亹ĿŻ, һֹ
ѵ֪ʲôˣ
ĵɻ, ȴ־ºЩԾԷ֪ĻпܲôȻӡǶԷ֪ôܻͻȻ˵ط
ĵֹǿͻȻͣٵĶԷһɻ󣬡˸أôͻȻˣ
ʵ˵ûðôվֱӹԭҲΪ¥Ǽп˼ѽˡ
¥ϵļΧŻ¥ӣǵǶʵ׿廪¥ʱӡ
һһһεķȦһбȦȫеעһ˲ֻܿ
һֺѧ飬˵׼ҿԭʲôΪŵ·ױݣΪž޵
֮ܶվʱĴڸоǿģֻ뵽
кܶ¶˵ģò˵뱣ʵۣսɡ˿Żôɡվӣ;ڵվһر
͸t̨һÿһ˲㻪ид
Щʱ¥ϵЩԻ󲻽ġ
ǲ׻ΪʲôֻǼ򵥵վѾ˵Ŀ⡣
еǻһеĿⶼ˹ȻҲܿüǼŵˡȻҶʶʲôˣȴ֪˫˵ϾҪһ
ܹĴֳ϶ǲģ֪ʲôʱҶôһʶƯ˲ڵطڵطк˵кˣڶ̶̵һ֮ھͰճһССĳأȻ󾲾ΧһߵŹۿ˵ġ
ǿ¥ϵĿɿڴôȵĵǻĺ£Χ˼ʹðΣҲҪ¡
ҶʮֵĸȤҪЩʲôֱߵǸ㡱ζ벻Ϊʲô
뵱һڴץ˵ʱԱߵ˶ֻĬĬض㿪Ҫ֮Ĵ˵Լ
Ա߹˵Ĵ裬ķӦĬĬת߿еıȽϸյĴƹҲҪȥĲˣǾǡ˿ڸжûе֡
ƽʱûʲô̫ĸоǽ쿴˻µʾ֮ĶԱȸһӾ˳
֮便ΪʲôҼֱ˼⡣
𰸻еģԶ׼
ĬĬصͷԼϵ·¥»ϵ·
ʵ⻹ǵÿ
˵ע£¿ʼԼѺʼĬĬػò΢΢¶һСͷ
ɿɣ˾һΧ۵Ļ͸סĬĬ²ţֻ˸ǶȣԼ˿ܸһ㡣
ȻǣεĴ򶷿Ҳ״ԼϾŵ߿ܾԱߣȻ²֪ԷҲԷǲĴŵġ
Ի¾бƸܴĺÿķʽʱǰЩӻ¸ոֵСӺȻѾó
ΪûǴĻǰźýˣ֮ôΪиʦǸʦ¥һУҲϵָһС
ҵ¥书ıҲǸǰһ
˿Ż˰죬վĻ˹ŻЦôòû뵽ѾԽԽŮˣ·Ůһɫġ
ˣѹŮ˵·
ڻ˵뿪¥ʱ񲢲Ǻܳڰٲõӣֱһգ۾͹ȥˡǶ¥˵ЩӹüֱǷǳ
ϾԼòĻ£Ƕꡣ
˿ʱĿҲˡ
Ϊڵ¥ոճʱ¥δҲ̫޴ˡ
΢΢һ㶣⻰ʲô˼
һЦһ߳顣ǾͲŻȥˡ
ѽ˼¥Ѿ˼ܸˣ
еľϲ
е㵣ĶԷ᲻ϲڿԷȫ԰
ţǾԿ˶ŻЦһ£ȻٶȷǳѸٵĳ嵽˻µǰ
Ķǳأ֮ǰ¥ĶʲôͬǸΪһ߱װݡ
¥ոս书ʱӣ¿һ۾ͱ˳ȷʵʱӵ籾ˣҴδЩҲһʱ
ڵĻȴͬ˵ˣԼܲ³ʽʲôӵģһо֮С
Ȼ²ֵܱ̫ԣǰеʱ΢΢һ£װһĴֲģ
ԱΧ۵˿һЩŵ˵¥ˡ

¥ѧʽû¹򡣡ŵ΢΢ҡҡͷҿˡ
ɱ¥ʱкܶʵõģΪ˶¥ɱ֯뿪¥ƾŵôҲ޷Կһ֯ġ
֯书»ʱ̣ѧʽ̭ķǳ죬뿪¥Ȼᱻ̭סµһͷǱסԼ
ڴ۷׷׵ʱ򡭡ͻȻ̧һֻ֣ס˶Էʽ
һ̫죬ҿ˸ֲ
˶ͬʱһ㶣ף

141忪

µĲ²ʵǶԵ, ȷʵŵˣȫǹŻ, ֻǵԷżȻ
ǡǡһǺȻе, 㿴, ôһͲˡ
һȺ˶ŻһŮװĻ¼ɵˣ֪ø
ȷʵЩ˶֪ݵˣ˭ҲûôʱͻȻ任ôһ·, ͻȻ˴ͥڵǰ
Ϊ, ڻ²ӦҲǳǡôǡǡžͱʽˣ
ͬҲ˻¶ļˣΧȺ˵⼸ò¥ˣ뵽¥ʲôˣŻû¸ðôķգ³һķҲҪǶأ
ʵûð̫, ǵѪ, ŵȴôΪ
Ȼȷʵ, Ҳ޷ǾǸеȡˣȽͣôȴ˺õָ󲿷˿еĶϵǱ, ʵ
Ҫ֪ʵ, 󲿷˶һͷóܵ¡
ᷢڴѾشͻ¼, ܶ˶ĻǵҪŻԲȥΪǿ, ¿ܻԸһڼ˵ǰҲмܲס
ȫ޷¾ôǰǼˣҪŷɸһ㡪δǼ˵ǰߣǿǺ¡
Ǽ¥ɱ˵ĻǾ͸ˡ
ˣˣôŵĲʵ¥ȻѧµʽôûϢ
Ӹô죿ŵǼȹϵϣô˵Ҳ򲻹ô˰
һµı飬ɷ򶨣򶨵ƽʱֵı飬ֶ·ױ˵ϤĻˡ
һû¶Ĵɱֿ˳ԲҲѾǵˣԿҲûܼһС
ȫ˶µһɱֵͷ˶þҪˡ뿪¥ɱûʸôƺ
о佲䣬¥ɱǻͦŽģ˵¥ͬС
ȻԻһʮһʹԽ˵Ŀ⿴ֶһɱ֯ͬǺëģŻڴԽĵһıŸôӻӳȥ
ڵǰֵУ¥ȷʵǶɱĵطӹɡ
¥ɱȥʱ˵ˣͬҲ˵һɱֵ¥˵ֱǲ̵һ¡
¥ɱڿ硱ʱʼĽʧ󣬷ӿһ˷ܵĸоҪʹһ١
㵱ʱ˵뿪¥Ҳһ½һӴǶô͹ƾ书ؼһ˵޷Կһ¥
û뿪¥ǰǾɱĿеţۿš䡱ʹλ͵¥ɱҲ˷ܸӿͷ
ʱıͱԽбŵо͸һõϢˡȻǲºǸɱʶҲ֪ô¥ɱǰûΪȷȷʵʵ
ֻ֪һ¡ڵĻ¼ΣգΣݴġ
ŵﻹԵ˵̫ʵˣԲ˶ʵкøС
ῴ±ΧˣҶżȥһ硱ˣȻ⻰˵£ҲܱȶҪá
ô찡
ôܻº籾Ͳһġڴʱ˿ŵУ˻µĴΪԽǿ¥ɱ־ͻԽʽԸ¡
һٰˣöԸķʽԸǳ
ڴҼȹϵϵʱ򣬻ͻȻˡ
΢Щ׾Ķ㿪ʮУȻͻȻһɹĵסǸ¥ɱֵһ

һ̣ȫ˾
һƬֵͬʱô˵ľǷǳԵģֵһ¡
˶һˡ
Ϊ˶˳¸ոһģƶǸɱֵʽõһ⣬Ķһģһ
ΪվŵģԴʱ˿˵Ķһ澵ӵһԱȷǳԡ
ղǸɱýʲô¾͸ͬĶΪǰʱ䲻̫Գ۾˶ܿһġ
˶סԭǣղŴɱֵǾ仰һû
ԣǴûмһеģʼǸ΢Щֲӣ϶ɱֵһû˿Ԥϡ
˭֪ŸչʮУͻȻú͸ղɱͬʽֵסĹ
ôһ£
͵͵ѧ¥ʽ
ӦòǣѾ뿪¥ˣôѧ¥ʽ
뿪¥Ǽٵģ
۷׷ףȴѾվǸ¥ɱֵĶ棬۾עǸɱ֣ǸɱѾԼһҪʲôֻ𾪵ĿŻ¡
ʽڿһ䣬ĥ𣿡
˵⻰ʱԼɴˡ״вʤĸо͵͵ĸԼ˸ޡ
¥ǼʽʼʱǷǳģ˵ʲô衣¥ʱӦûûʲôһ书Ի·ǳ׼ȷжһ
˵Уɱִ𾪵Ŀ⣬ʹ˱ȸղŽǶȸӹܵһһĽǶʮֵĹŹ֣Թ߿Ŷֻһͷ亹
ɿĵһַɿʹ˸ղɱʹһУһǶͬܣ˶Ĺ켣ȴӵȻ·һѾϰٱ飡
⣬ô£
ǸɱֻƤѾˣ͵һԾԻµ㣬¥ߣ
ġ硱ûлش˦˸ĬĬ¶һССĻȣƺЩζ
ǲЩôһ£Ц
Ҹ˵ܿ͸ģ᲻ţ
ԱߵΪ仰һƬš

ȻԱ߹ս˾緹ˡ
⣬Ϥ״̬Ϥĸо
ûдʱָо
˭ϳȻһ£¶ڶ̶ʮԭⲻıȻָо
Ϥĸоϻ´ʱ˿̴ӿ˵Ļ̲סˡ
Ψһ뷨ǡ⣬Ҳԣ
ԱΧ۵˶˻µĻһ˲ͻȻڳаվŵĻȣеĻΪա
¸˵ǾװƵĻͻȻʶ
ԱվαǲٲնͿ𡭡
ǼȾ֮忪ҲҪ
忪¿Ŷɱ֣˦Լеĵ۾ϻĿ˶Է
Ҳһ½Ҫô

142ÿһͶ

¿ŶԷĶ²һʲôȻܲµһ㲻Ҳǲܵ, ޷ҲǿٵĿʽȻԼľḻжһ
˵Ǿ仰ֻҶԷ, ʵ϶ǸɱֵȷʵѾˣ˵Ǳ, ĺ˵滰
˵Ļῴ͸𣿡¥ϻǼֵᷴɱֻҪ仰, Ҫ⼸Ѫ
һ˽ȶˡ
һĶȶԷҪ졣
һѵһɱֵǰȻеĽ䡣ɱһ˲۾ɴ, ôܣ
¿ı, ֪Լɶˡ
ֻǰ¥ʼ׽趨²ɱһҪôģû뵽ȻľͲ¶, Բ֡Էﻹ, ѾˡЧȻҲ, ʽҲɲˡ
ΧȺڲ֪ɱֶʲôֻһʼűڵҡ͸ǵĿ־, ֿ־в˱ԼǿܶĶֵĿ־Уһδ֪ڵĿ־С
Ϊȫ㲻׻ʱô֪һҪʲô, ֱԼĶ˲¿һ
ǻþżȻôһ, Ϳ̧, Ŀһۡ
һ룬һɴʽ, ĲϾͳһ˿ڡ

һɱľˡ
ıӳÿһ˵۾, ˶̫Ϊλôľ
Ϊõʽո˵ĳʽ֮һոһܶԷš
ʽҲ¥о˺ܳʱʽ, ɱڻǵʽоĹǶôļѣھô׵ʹ˳
ħ롣ʽ˵Ǵ￴ġ
ԣɱھʮֲѧ˼·Ѿ𽥿ʼѧľͽܹ͸ĵ趨
֡ΧעɱֵˣҲŵ˴ʱ˿Ҳɱֵı仯еʮֵĺ棬뵽ʲô
Ǹɱֿ˻°죬ɫҰ׺Ȼӿ³һ仰
㡭Ǹ֣ͲǸˣ
ΧɱֵĻһ㶡
ô˵ôһ仰
仰˵Ҳģ˶ܿɱ仰̬ȣʲôѡȻδЩͻأ˼·ϵĸо
µ֪ô˵ԭԺ侲ĿΪʲôôã
ܿ͸ʲôǸɱѾٱˡʵֺܸӵеİ˳ߴԴͽʱر򶨣в¶˿֣ʱֻҪһ¾ܰŵƨ
˶δ֪󵽺ܶ飬ԽͻԽ£ɱѾ뵽µȦˡڸּص£һֻûǸ֡˵Ǹħ
½忪ĹɣžǺƶ־ԡֻ˵磬ҪǻӰתͷ忪ȥ츸ĸá
ǸɱֲϵĺۼǲΨһĵطԼΪŹҶƹ˶ͻԼˡ
ΪˡԹһڵϵĽ˽죬˵עɱתƵ˵Ľϡ
˶ʲô˼֮£ɱҲ𽥵侲˵ֱסˣڵŻ׼˵ʲô
㲻ý
¿˰죬ֻ˵ôһ仰
ԱΧȺֶһ㶡
ǰȥõ⽫˳㽫ɱϵĵ鰵Ͷʵϧһ˽ⱲӶý
⻰ȷʵȽ棬Ƕϵ˵Ҫ֪ͷҶǱȽʵģʵʵ˭Ҳ׼Լᶪ˵ܾ͸Ͽ˱һȻᱻҲ
˭Ҳ˵Ͽ˱ⱲӾͲѧһ˽ȻҲǵˡ
ʱ˿̻¶Ǹɱ˵Ǿ仰ʱΧΧȺͻȻõ˽Ǹǳˡ飬ǸǴһµĴţ·ǿĳװ·ϹԵ·ꡭ
¥ΧۻµĳƤ´ĽͻȻԼıһ£ȫûɵġ
Լؿڣּ¶ĸо·һĸоʲôء
ֺͳʹ뱯ˣֹصۣڷ˳ټһֱˡ
Աߵļϵʶĸ֪ʲôۺϢתͷ˿ͣ͵ľͷͬŮһı顣
˲˻һ飬һƤ׳ֱ黹̫̼ˣ̼ܲˡ
°ѽŴɱЦһ£һ
˵仰Ķɱһۣľ飬ֻҪ͵Ķס۾Էһ㶼Ųס¾籾˵⡣
ţ籾˵;Ƿǳİ
ֿ˿ɱ֣˵ע»İѽԼУһսʿսƷһ
Ȼתͷźߣ֮˶Զķֿһ·ҶһĪĿ⿴ȥıӰв˵жһ̽۾ﶼһֶԱԼغܶģ·ͬ˵㽡
ΪղǸɱֵĻҲˣȷʵ˵ģʲôǡǸ֣ѵԷܿ͸ĵ
´ӽȥ˸깻·ȻһٶȻص˾¥ҺǼɵӻ˿
ڶ⼸һ㶼Ĳ£޲óԷôԡȻƤŮıʱӦһ¡
ȥôˣΪʲô¶飿
ˣƤͿŻµСǣ㽵Ŀ⿴Żǰѽ·ǾصĶ
󣬴ˡԱһСĶԻµѽ׼ô죿
˵ûȥڻｨչҹҪЯʱ
͵£תͷˣ⽣ͷˣǵŪñ˿ԭǰѽһҪüǮ

ƤϵЦʧţ
ҪһĲҺڵģÿʱÿ̶𡣡̾Ϣѧû´μǵþͰô
˵תͲСİѽ˵ϣȻȻּ񽻿Ŵײһӽ˽͵
Ƥ͵ƺйâʧˡ
ŵļ˿˻µġݡиʣ˵ôģ
֪Ҫˡ
һһһǣҲȫΧ
Ѳ豭£硭𣿡
Ǹɱֵͬż뿪ʱ￴һۣĬҡҡͷ˶һۣɱֳ෴ķȥ
Уûע⵽ӡ

143¾

Ǹôģ
»ȥʱ򣬾ͱ쿴ǼŵΧôܹ³Ǹʲôˡ
ԭΪµֻܴŵû±ͷ亹, Ҫ֪Դ, Ѿ´ĸְ汾, Ӧ翴͸ɱֵģȻԭԺеʽ򷭵İ汾
ʱȫ̹ۿǾһ뷨, Ŀ, ȻҲٲ˾ں, ôʲôܹ͸ĵأ
Ȼ֣ܹ͸ҲܸиͰɣ
ֱһȥ, ˻û羿ο͸ĵ, ɫħʦ, ڹƤӵֽţ˶һ֪
ͷ󲿷˵ĽҲû, ҲûǻǸϷвȺĻԼͬһµġ
ŵҲʵ, ˵Ǿѧֻġ͸֮ǰһǵʱ̫, ѧĿһ㡣
һ㣿µǼ˾ʲôµ²־òԣôһҪʲôµóأ
ǸΪֿʼϹ, ֮ǰǼп˳, ҾӦһʽ, ȻһҪȥӦҪô졭ҾҪǿϹµİɡ
ϹϹ²֪, ŵǱϹƵĹǺ, ǿµ񶼱ò, Ȼǿһһı顣
Ǹ⡣
һ, ǱߺȻͷֻòƽһ˵⡣ԭŵ˶ûֻǸǻƿֻҪˣ书𡭡΢ȻҲͿԣûָܹͻһģһ
ŵ˲Żл㱵˸ֵ֪¡ɲڡģ硱·ϴﵽһأ˵ܹʲôزأ
磬Ŀǰĵһɱ֡£ٲõһСѧͽġȫơ磬˵ٲõСѧͽӵ˺磬Ҳǽһɱһģһ
СѧͽԸһССİٲ
ⶼǺϸ˼ֵ飬ĿǰΪֹҲֻǽ˸ڣŵĴ󲿷˻ֻǵĶԻ±Ƚţ¸еġ
ʵŵҲ֪ܲǻ¾ʱŵ޴ҽ̶ܳȺ񶼺ܸߵӣȻͷȷʵһһ
ҲֻǸпǰ¸ŪȥˣϵǼ˺úõһΣ˵д󲿷ʵѾ˻µ˼һ绪¾ͿǰԼԭͷŪˡ
һˣ֪Ū˻µ˼ûУһ춼ֵþ㱵ģ
ôˣԷһھǡˣġҪѽ𣿡
̾˿˵ʵԼҲͦƵģûа취׬Ǯҵ̫˰ܹϾ׬Ǯģ˭֪Ҳá
˵⻰ʱ򣬻µһҵĸף˵ʵʱʵҲе㻳Լ·ǲǶԵˣΪûпȥôף˲ޣʱҲޣʱ˸ûа취ϾԺеǸ浽һʲôӵġ
Ƕǰ̶̵͡ļνӴ¾ͷһʵͿпӣʯӡʼػԼʱͳŽ뷨ǲҲпӣĿǰȥСƷܶҪȵɹ
ܵ˵ɹĵ·۵ģļ򣬶˵ҪɥʵѾʵʩȫˡ
ôʱǸͷ·ȻһԭΪ׬Ǯ
ͷ·ͨ˺ܶ飬¿һ󳹴ıеë˵㵽ʲôˣ
ȻΪ͵񾭳̶˵˽⣬ԻҲûָԼܲ³ЩʲôֻԼת뿪ˣûм׷ȥ
ûºźһ¡
˵ˡ͵͵ﵽ¥ΪԼıȽͨɴҲõĻᱻϳ
ԭҲֻǵľǼɱֵĺ֣ϾǰҲһˣǱ˴˻Ƿǳ˽ġʱԷӦֻæڶôܻͥڵںȲ裿
Ͳò˵һԭʱϽδķչ̣˵¥ڶ˼꣬ȫ˶ڳԹϿ֡Ȼĳһڶ˺ü¥һ𾪡
ħ绨˼ĹħȫͳһȫˣȻְڰʱ˵Ӧô¥ڶƵǸʱΣջµ뷨ʹû磬¥Ǹ淽ʽҲû취
ʵϣܶطڲͣؼǿԼʵ¥
ٸӣԭںͳ͢Ǳһֿп޵̬ȣ컪ؼ⿴Ŀɲľ󣬼˵Ǵ󲿷ͷɣʱ˿̶ٷ˲Ľס
ͷҲƳ˲Լ桪Ծ֮һǰΪҲǿп޵̬ȣ⼸ۿѾͳ˳̬ÿһûͺ񶼲
˵ЩѾųɵģ˵ػϵЩԺ
ǰЩӽӵһЩϢˮĶرĴ
ռԭϵлơɫҵҰЩҵչĸӷḻȻһЩ(ٱħ)һЩ谭Ⲣ谭ǵҵչ
ˮ⣬ԭһЩСͷԺƺҲǿһ˿ϣ⣬ԭˮֺͻһЩͷԺѹ£ǵ滷ѾСˣڻԼƳȻˮֵȻڣһһ
ЩӣЩԭرϵС֯ҲʼԼ֮·ʱգѾôһڸˡ
ⳡϢľ֮Уֻлһ˳Ϸһһȫȭò˳ǰһֺƴϡá
ԭӵ˭Ľ׬Ǯ·Լ԰һ۸ˡ
˵⼸ˮڴ֮ͥ³Ǹɵӣ¹һξԼᣬӲҪѻڵ֮صĵز
ֻлЩ֮ӡ
󡪡¥ΧػӲҰ˺
ЩĿǰɧһʱɻʣ˶٣
Ŀǰû˿ôĸı䣬ȴѾҪӵԶ
ֻڿˬĸտʱϲ˻˵ıƸС
ﰲĴ˼죬ͻȻ˵һ˺ƸҲЩϵ
Ϊˣĳһ
׼ȷ˵ͻһǡݡĳ˵ġ

144ƽ

Ϊɶ˸ܲͬءͷһʱ¾ˡ
뵱¹ʱͱ˸Сһ, ͵Ĳٵ͵, ֹǴĸֿ, 糿ʱ򶼾ˡ
ŵǸͣ˺üȫһɫĴɫ, ЩͣС޵Ժ￴еΥ͸С
Ŵִĳһ, ֺͣԺһ˹˹ͣ30Ǯһıǰһ, û¿ʼ⳵˵˭
, ŵĴ٣Ǿ;ˮˡڼֻ˵ҪͨĲͷô㣬˲֪è尡
һˢϴһ߸Աߵ˴˭, Աߵһ˸ǡĿˣͬ¡һ;ò, Ǹ飬Ȼ˸Ķѡ
ԷĹ翴λ, ۾ȥҿ, Ͽ¿
ȥҪǱ˸ŵ, Ŀ׵һħͳ
¿λŸ˭˭Ĵ, ͦ˧, Ц, ЦôôааζˣеãȻİѷԼ
˵ͷôˣ˶
ȻܿԱߵ˽֣ƽɡ
ֺһ
ƾɣĿǰһҲͦĸǣħǱߵģǸС˧磬ջִ˵ĿôҲǸС˵һж֡
ǻ¼Ǻ񲻳ӡ
Ǹȣ¾˿ûдڸеС͸һҪǴһоƻ¿¶ᱻ˸ˡ
ƽĶۣȷʵе˧ҿֻĸо¿һŮ߶ͣس顭
ͦԵġ
³ſļ϶͵͵Աߵʣ˵ǸƽɡǸƽ𣿡
ǸƽɡԱǸһСһҧ䣬ƺǸƽɡʮֵĲм㲻֪ƽǰЩ𣿡
ˣ±ˡ
Ĳ֪ƽѾ˵飬Ϊòƻʱ仹ͦġʣ֪λƽǰЩػǱ׵ʱֱӸץģΪ̫࣬ץ˾ѹϾͷˣĴgg
˽¿ˣڵǱû֪ΪʲôͻȻһͷ;һƽɣ汾װƽɳɹľ
˵¸㻹йϵǸ˶Իµԭͷû˵ģǿݵ̫ɹˣ˸˹
ЧӦȽӲİƽ˸˸ðƻò˼룬ȻҲûʲô̫ĲƽǴǸƤޣÿҲûһøС

һ߰Ĺ۲λƽɣһ߸λͬµĲͬ
ƽȫһ˲ͬƽɡǸճǹʱ򶼱һˡ
˵һ룬Ҳ֪ʲôҶѾĬ־ǡƽɡһԼҲôĬˡ
һٻ֪в˶֪һСҽ浱ѧͽƽɡƾðĸһӣһ˿ģƽɵķ񣬶ҾͺǴʯͷĳһ
¾ʹû̸ԼǰǸʲôģΪʲôԭһʼ»пŵ˰ܸǿӵǿˣֱ컪¿ƽɵȥӡ
ҪҪµԵͦģƽԲ¡Դλƽ֮󣬻µĵλֱеֱﵽһ޷󼰵ĸ߶ȡ
⼸˰߸˵λƽɵĻеĻʵͨһ֡
Իÿһ붼ԴǵĸЩ˵Ҫڱ˵˵ĻȻʹˣҲЩȥͰˡ
ȻҲû赲ԽԽֱҪ²۵飬ǷӵľûǸ˾ӡ
³ֹЩǰ²Ҳûκΰ취Ҳֻ͵͵Ķ㿪ƽʱֻҪû¾׵Ĳš
Ȼŵֱô߿ԭҲûеġһɮ٣Ůʧ⼸еļӶǸƽСȥˡ
ǸŮɫԵ壬ǰһпĶԻ˵΢㣬Ĳ˵΢ʱǸ˼͵ˡ
ǰδ˵ĻǣԸҲ̫ϸɲˣﲻϲģԺȢϱô찡
Ϊһôܻ᲻֪ϲʲô֪ݳϱӴȻֻͬǹôɵġ
Цùϲϲǲͳˡ
ԻһֵøأصĲǵˣĿǰԲûʲôٺϻʢ鷢ǶԴµ̬ȴž͸̵һϾȷʵڹʱҲر档
ֻλƽ֮󣬾ʹŵ
ȺȶĹǺҵԼĴ졣
¾ƽʵǸ˲šôһƽɵ츳ھͲʵˣƽ֮ǰǸʲôľͲ֪ˣʱ˿̣ԾͰԼ˳׵׵ƽɡ
͵Ϊ˴ʵġݡسòΪڣøһľ壬ȺԱʱƽһһĮĿ˻һۣڻºæʱһ䣬ҾáȫûбҪġ
Ϊʲôµʱ¶࣬һʡ
Ϊһп̫١ƽɵĵ㲻ȻȻıֳôҾʺϸ
׶ƽ˵仰֮ŵСǾܼѹ֣˿Ʋסļ

һ£Ӳλƽɵǰ

һĲֱƽŪĸоģΪҲˡ
ˣİˡ
ƽɴû˵ԼƽɣĶһڰʾ
ŵСƺҲİƽɡ
ǰ챻ͷǸƽɣǸħɱָ֣߳ԸŹȴɢһˡ
˳һǣλƽ֮֮ûһţûһûнӴһνϵ͡
һƽԼˣȥӴһ£һʼӦĺúõģȥתһȦֲ֪ʲôʱԼλˡ
Ҳ֪絽ûмЩħ̵ˣ֮ͿһģԱá
ʱ¾롭ƽɱôӿƽɣû֪
Ϊʲôû桤ӵ˿أ
˶ֵķǳҲû˻˽¹磬͵ʱ񶼵Ҫ˵֡
ŵĿ˵񻹲ǲеˡ
Ӧ˵ǻĳɹʧܰ
¾Եһѧ˼ˡ
ʲô߰أʱµĶߴ
״е룬ԹԵļʵˡ

145´

ǱΧˣȥɻ
ʰʱ˺
ŵÿճ¼ζˡ
ЦЦ, ʵҲϲС޿ɺǡ
ûʲô̫æ, ҲΧ￴ˡ
òѾԽԽǸƽɲˬ, ⼸˫Ƶ
һһҵıչ, ûʲô˼ȥ, Ӳġս͸, Ϊ̫ϵԵ, ŻĴڸҲԽԽ͡
ϾڵĽԽԽңڻ¿һǧѷϴƻᡣ˵ǵ̳Ľڵ, ͬڻ˵, һԾŵĻᡣ
Ȼ
Ŀǰʽ·ȻǺԽʵϻҪ㼼ɵġ
㻪ڽͷǲκɻ֯, ȫһû߹·ԼʹǻµҲ
ʹĵﲻˮֲƵΪǶԵİ, һֱԷҲЩܲ˰
ԻֻܾСڸС
ֻ, ǻǱ߻Ǳߡ˲
ڻ»һһڸδķչ֮ʱ, ŵȺֱǷչǶԹ
Ǽǰģµ𣿡ŵֱǸλƽɺԱߵ˵
⻰ɱԱ߾Ļˡ
˵ι, Ҫʲô޸а
ʵЩ˻ûм˿ģ¡ʱ, ΪӴ󲿷ֶǺ, λƽͬ־Դ֮ûôš
ػǵ׻᲻书ΪԴ֮ͼûгʲô֣ǿеĻԶ˵ķǳλģʲôڻҳֵʱɱţ֣û鸴ӡ
֣ûûСҪǺ˵Ұʱ򡭡ȿȣҪܶ׼ģȫȻȻݳ
˵ͷɿˣͷҲûأһ㶼ûֱλƽ
仰òƾͱλƽɸִڱǹ۲
ǺϲָоӦ˵رᡣ
ЩʱľԼǷǳ׵ˣûڲӪںֻҪ򹤣;һһġ
û뵽ְҵȻʱܱһָеƷ£ƽ˵ĳ£¸Լˡ
ԻЩֱǰӵʱԴǵľܾǣʾԼʲôǣһͨͨʵˡ
ڻµļ̬£ûгΪ˫˺İӣֻվܳã·ôƽ˵ʱԼˡ
ԣڹ۲˻һʱ޹ͻȻԼˣûһãȻ

¥ǱͻȻһ鱨
ԭһֱͼѰ¥ڽϵĻΧģκǶ̫ʵҲûҳ
ôϴλھ¥ǱײӲץסǵСӡ
ǵģݳôʱǲܲϱġ
˵һ£ͷʱѯʻ¾γɹԷ书⣬ѯľԼΪʲôͻȻȥ
ܲ˵ԼͻȻѪŮװͽȥ·Ȼ˼¥ɱ־͸Ǵˡĸ߼˵ͨġ
Ѱԭ
ڤ˼˰죬Ȼһòõļܡ
ڻϽŵıϣòֿԼһδõļܣǾǡݡ
ڼֻǵ⸽ӦǷʲôµģֻ²ȷʱϷһ²һ¡
ȥʾ⣬δؾûײ˵˼˼·շд޷Ǿǣ
һ·Ϸ˿ΣԾ͸ȥײײȻʲôҲûײҲġ
һʼҲֻϹ࣬ȫû׼һĶȥд֪ΪΣддžͿʼ𽥵
ֱӰĿǰϵĸһ飬¥ΪʲôʱӦóԭҲдͷͷǵɲĸо
浱Ȼܶ඼³ģǸʵдġֻʵҪС˵Ϊ棬ЩпʵздȴǱС˵ŻҪ췽ҹ̷
ддžͻȻЩڶ˿ΪǷ˰ɡôܿôԶ
ǻ¾֪ôණҲдײдˣҪЩ¥ڽ˲޹˵ɱ¾ûҪԼȻ޷ֹǣʱͻȻЩд
ĳЩ¥淢飬統ʱļд˸ֳóһ㿴ѾʮС˵ˡ
ЩдĶһ̽С˵һʱûиĦ˹ǻϹĶָʱ̽С˵ĿɽˡºҲûȫдԣԸɴİһС˵д
д֮һƶϵֽ˰죬Ҳûдһ飬ʰʰͽȥˡ
ʱôĲ죬ӦкܶණǶԲϵģʹǶˣҲûм˻ĿĶ
ϱӻⱲӶǹԱĻ̵ʶ£ϾǸСϺ׵Ļ˭ῴдı氡
±ͷﾤҵҵ򹤣򹤵ԼǸļд˵ʲôȻͻȻһͱеһСһãȻĿǸϤˣԻµǽӵϱȥһǼ¥Ĵ̿ͣһҪ鱨
ʲô鱨ʡ
ʮ֮󣬻֪ԼǰǸ¥ͻȻ˼¥ɱΪʲô
Ϣû¾Լ·Ǳ˸󽱡
ûдǼ¥ɱֳȻ߹۲ǺڱһصˣǸͲ󣬶һźİ
ŵûв´ĻӦþ¥׹ۡ
ϢĻ˶еãȻû뵽Լȥһ¾Ͱ׹۸Ūˣǰ˰벻顭
׹۵ҪԲض˵ϱжôҪʱжôҪֻʹţҲӦǵһμ
ЩԼ𣿡¿Ǹ˶еֽȻʱȥһѣıζ
¡˰죬Ȼʵ󲿷Ϲµġ
Щ̫ˣԵЩ̫ʵʡǲò˵ǸܳɫˡǸ˻µĻش𣬷һֽȻ˵
ĬĬЩ󵨰
պǳΪһ󵨰ǽδʮ궼ڶе󵨰

146 

µдȥЩûָܱ˸ǿҲͿ, Ҳûָᱻš
Ȼ, ڱйȥһκҲûʲô, û¾˿ͬʱҲŵһγˡ
ȻŵһγҲδء

µݴǷŷҵıϸȷʵǲ˿, Ǹһˡڲһλ²֪Ա䶯
ȷе˵ǻӦ֪, ֪ڴʱ˿̷
ϴλذٲõʱ¾ûĳλմ˵æ, æҶز˵ĵز, ֮ԻôæʵΪˡ
ļʢӦŵͷ, ֻ˳μʱʢֻһСͷͷⱲӺʢĽ죬û¶˵һμմʱӰжˡ
ֻۻû, ʢǰԭĹ켣ߡ
һλµļʵʢ
ڻ²ֱ֪ӴƹĳСͷͷƹϵΧƬصĴͷͷ
ԻĿǰҪٸʢһеˡⲢʢһļע⵽˻µǷӦͷļ
ʢļ, ˿дЩ
ţʢļʵһȦ, Ϊݱ˵߼ʲôĶоݵ, ЩδҲ̫췽ҹ̷ˡ
ȷ, ֻ֪èܻҧˣô϶ľ˵ֻèһҧܺɻ쵼ҵ޽ְʵ˵µķȥеӣˮƽϾе㲻̫, Ժ׻ѵ
ʢʱŻµݱ, кܶãܾݱϹ, ΪֵԭԶݱĶ࿴˼ۡ
һֶԻĪθУʢݱ˼ͬ£Ȼ൱Ȼġûʲô
ʢùȥģ򶼲һۡ
ʢŴ󲿷ֵлǸǰ;СӣȻЩ˲ûл֡δ֪ʢ˻ǲ;ģȰʢֶûҪôϸġַַ
û£ʶһдġʢЦЦΪ˵һ򶼲޵ķʸҵͦġ
˵ĻŅ̀ͷЦЦĿʱ˵ĻҲǶŵġ¹Σ˵ѻû꣬㣬ҿܻһЩ
ʢȻҲƽƽεģͣȻҲǾһСĲۣһʼҲûҪô£ֻͼȡ
ʢǶԻ˵ĻĪθСһ컪ָһèʢ¶ĥĥǲԼĳʶʲô󣬾ε̶ֳȡ
һ˭ŵı棬ʢԼһĥ˰졣
һУ˼еʢͻȻ顣
һ˸ңáʢ
ʲôãµ̧ͷʢ
¹εʢ˵Щֵ˵ǵˣЩǻڰѳʱ׼ץĳȱ㲻š
ʢ˵仰ʱû˵Щ׼ȥʲôΪ֪µЩǿ϶ȥټ¥ɱֵġ
ʢſڻҪ˼ˣ࣬ʮңǸ֡
ʢȻжЩ󵨣Ҳû̫ѹڻµϡȷе˵˹ȥ֮ǰѾԼԼȰװ׵ˡ
˵²´Ҳûʲô£ϾҲֻϹ²µģһҳ˵ʲôأǲ׬𣿾ʲôҲûУҲ̫ģܲΪʮùͰֱӳְɡ
ȿȣҲǱ˾ôһʣ΢е鷳
ʢ൱ϵ˼˹ȥƽȻԼæԼȥˣִͷȻֱķɣµȻҲʢһٶʧǣǿеӣҲĪĻסܾгƵġ
ˣʢΪǱ˽µĳһֱ˺ü죬Щ˳ʢֻܵΪҪøӲã֮ûκԭ
ʢľͻһֱ𣿿²ġ
ʱľͽе˻±йȥʻǰһ죬ҲŸոյõϢһ졣
һƽ˾壬ȴըˡ
ը̨紵һ㣬
ϴδ׹۾Ȼټδ¶£Ϣͬݿ֮ƸɵһϢΪ˵ŵͷ
ʲô׹ۣ˭ֵģ
մˣ
ȥС԰һΪǸλϳŲ˶أʲôʺˣ
˵𣬷׹۵Ǽ˾ǰʱմ˵ǼˣǱȥ׷һȺ¥ɱ֣Ȼͷ׹ۡ
ļٵģ
ʲô
һʱ䣬ŶΪʢˡ
һ˶ڽʢʺˣ˭֪뷨ʲô
ʢҪ¼˵ľٶȷʵЩûͷûβ˿һֱгԲһʲôֻǵײʺ˵˻е̬ȡ
ײʺѡȣҿܸʢ˽ЩʵϣԭСҲ˺ܶࡣʱһʢ˹ʺ˵ԽԽ࣬ǰƵȴԽԽ١
ʢǸ˾İʢ˹ȥúõһ
ĳĶʢҵȻûд
ʢıǰɹž޲˿εһӢ˵ã٣ꡣ
ʵʱʢ״̬ġ
˭ڸʲô
Ⱳӻ¿Լ֪ʢ;ϻһѣõ˾ʶʢⱲӲ֪ԼƾԼͻͷܾԼǿŻ²ųɹվ˽Ÿ
⼸˼⣬һֱŻµǷļ룬ôģôܴЩϸƲôһأ
мڻ²ûдﲻԣʢҲ֪ץһ׹ۡ
Լ˶Щˡ
ĿһֱǸ׵ʵˣû뵽¾Ȼס̶ֳȣЩֻĸݡϸ緢
ǵ˼ôܣͷԶô˲ġ
ĳЩ˼·ֱϸ˼ּ
ΪǣʢһʱĲͷƼ£α¡
Ȼ˻˲Ͽһֱǰȵӣ츳ֱ˵ǾԵģϳҵ֡
֮ǰһЩţʢﵱʱ룬һҪ£ܱԼ֮ǰһĻ˶ϡ
Ŀǰ˵и⣬ʢԻµ⣬ԼԼ츳жôľˡ
Ȼʢ֪ģͻȻð˸ŵľ
֪ʵСӦɸȥ˵Ͳ˵ˡ
ļȥʻµǸŵ˾ôˡ
»ⱲӶ֪ǸʢȥŻġ

147

ʢȥרŻ˻£ûа¸߸κ, ת·
ڱ桱һ֮Ҳ΢˵, ûϹ˵
ʵҲʲô, ֻ֮Լжࡣ
֮ǰ޿, ΨһܹĵطֻаٲûšԴ˻ط, ¾ԼʱؾͿԱתߡ
иѰ鱨Ĺ, ˺ַֺɵĸоôһ뻪±˵ȥҲʲôõ, ŵĶ࣬˵ˡ
Ǳ߾˹, ˵Ҫ׷׹۵䡣ǵȻҪȫȨϡΪĿǰСӰӳ, ȻҲȨֵµȥЩʲô, ʱµĿȻͿöδʲôƽͬ־
ͬ־ô죬Ϊŵֵ˲СĹЧ, Ҳڴ󲿷Ů֮ͬոӻԾκξǼμ֯, ˶Щͷۡ
Ȼ˺һŮͬȴԼĽֶͣҪ츳еģʱˣȻͻر˳, ʱв, ôҲС
ʲôأ
רһλġ˵˵ܼ, һ, һҪԼȫȫĵǸ, ʲôʱ㶼ҪϷ
һɶɣͣŵĺʱضŵ̬ȣλȫϷ״̬£
¾ԼġݡѾаˣ⡰ۡһ˲ڻгΪ͡ݡᲢ۵а˵
˵ҪУ²Ƕų¥
ۿŵ˽ӵʱԽԽҲûʲôʱȥλƽͬ°иˣֻܰųڼƻ֮⡣
Ȼλ׹ۡϹȻ͵иһʼʵ̽ܲƽϵģȻҲʶƽɣܿóƽ¥ﻹеڸеģȥ˵Ϳ԰׹۵ˣֱɳ硱ը
Ȼ¿Ѿеˣ¾ֻѡԼȥ
ÿһ鿴ŸΣ˳ûǱץһ·ΪչԼѵ飬ѡı֮ǰ·ԵġһЩ
ѡ·ʱ򣬾ܴҲǻڵģվԵĿʽϴλ´ƯŮ·Ȼͺ˺ܶࡣ
û¾˳뵽ԭʱϣʱӦҲǿʼ͵͵СȹӵĽ׶ˡһʼ绹̫󵨣ֻ͵͵˽´ϴǵ¥λõʱԻ´ʱ·ǡеķʷչӡ
ԸеëȻжʰĸɸɾΪ硱ʱµķƽʱĴ·һϸվһֶһģǾϸڵλ
Ͽ硱ɫʴҪ޵Ķ࣬һЩϸڻ´½ǵ壬ͷϵһСգ·ϵһƶŵװס
Ծܴӱ濴·ɫʮֵġϲ족ȫͬĸоټϻϸ߳գȫڰ·Ʒġ
֮ܶǸ籾ǡ̡Ǻÿ˷һĽ
յ·ʱ򶼾һѣתͷûšƱȿȣǻ·ģⰲ˸Ϊʱá
Ȼļ컪¿ʼϰ̨ʡϰ񡱣֪ģ̫׹ǰ˵ǲĿ׹ǰ
Ȼһ۵ľٶȻһЩۡ
۵ˡȻƽͬ£ּһЩŵСǡ
ϸ˵ӦǱֹɣΪһԺһϰôѵӵֺݵʱ򣬸ɱƽɸˣںĬĬض˻һᣬĬĬ뿪±Ī˵ڶŴӱ˵ƽɸ˵û뵽ԭ֮ǰҲˡۡ
ֵϾԸôһˣٳǰҲʲô°ɡ
׼ášһ־͸ˡ
ȻϤµ˶һԸ񣬵ҲʲôŲŵ飬´ǵһײһӣֻҪλһʵʵİԼãĳЩ˿ȫⲻܡ
ƽ⣬ԻⲻܵĻƽɵǡԭжԻΰеȤȥ͵ģֱһλðű̵Ρץķյӿ˻һɫ˵ûʲô˼Ҫȥˡ
㶼ʲôˣһʼҲţΧתʡ
ҿӵһ磬һƣãҶˡǸӰ˰֣Լȥɡ
½ваȥˣȻֻͬһ˵һÿһĺ죬Ҿظĳظһ죬ǾĹȥһƣ롭Ļ
вʶʱȽϳˣͷôѡģ
¸粻𣿡ʵһãȻĵ棬࿿׵һ˰
Ҳǲãǡһʱˡ
еӦӵģӦ˿˵򣬶һϻţһظǧһ
ô˵ഺڵСԸƺȷʵһ˵ĵ㶼ûС
תۼ͵ŵ˵죬һľȥˡľ˵Ǹȥػӵˣ²ʶʶ¡
һرĿ˻״ôʻʲôƻ
˵ԼļƻԼҪȥϵ¡ǸŹһ⻰Щȣƺû뵽ΪΪѡԼϣػµģһҲûʡ
˿˵Һûƽɵ¡ҪȻֻܰǸټӽˡ뵽ӱͻȻ߽һʣΪʲôûң
һ㶡
תͷƽɴ˽ر𸡿·ߵһνˣʮλεĽѺ漸СŵĶ˳
ĬĬؿš
ճ·һҪĿʵԭʵʵĲ˵ʲôֵ˶á
Ϊʲôûдңƽ߹ʻ¡
½˰죬˵㲻𣬵ܾ⻰˵ڳǱƽתͷ͵˸СЬһֱ˵¸棬ѵô¾𣿡
ϣ²ȷŵĵ
ƽû˵ǻƴпˡ⻰ҲҪʡĶ
Ǻðɡ¸Լǰ棬Ҳ֮ǰǸλá
ʵҲδûһ˿ڴġ
Ҳ뿴νġۡаһܲаĹݡ

147 

ʢȥרŻ˻, ûа¸߸κˣת·
ڱ桱һ֮Ҳ΢˵, ûϹ˵
ʵҲʲô, ֻ֮Լжࡣ
, ֮ǰ޿, ΨһܹĵطֻаٲûšԴ˻ط󣬻¾ԼʱؾͿԱתߡ
иѰ鱨Ĺ˺ַֺɵĸоôһ뻪±˵ȥҲʲôõ飬ŵĶ࣬˵ˡ
Ǳ߾˹˵Ҫ׷׹۵䡣ǵȻҪȫȨϡΪĿǰСӰӳ, ȻҲȨֵµȥЩʲôʱµĿȻͿöδʲôƽͬ־
ͬ־ô죬Ϊŵֵ˲СĹЧ, Ҳڴ󲿷Ů֮ͬոӻԾκξǼμ֯, ˶Щͷۡ
Ȼ˺һŮͬȴԼĽ, ֶҪ츳еģʱˣȻͻر˳, ʱв, ôҲС
ʲôأ
רһλġ˵˵ܼ򵥣һˣһҪԼȫȫĵǸ, ʲôʱ㶼ҪϷ
һɶɣͣŵĺʱضŵ̬ȣλȫϷ״̬£
¾ԼġݡѾаˣ⡰ۡһ˲ڻгΪ͡ݡᲢ۵а˵
˵ҪУ²Ƕų¥
ۿŵ˽ӵʱԽԽҲûʲôʱȥλƽͬ°иˣֻܰųڼƻ֮⡣
Ȼλ׹ۡϹȻ͵иһʼʵ̽ܲƽϵģȻҲʶƽɣܿóƽ¥ﻹеڸеģȥ˵Ϳ԰׹۵ˣֱɳ硱ը
Ȼ¿Ѿеˣ¾ֻѡԼȥ
ÿһ鿴ŸΣ˳ûǱץһ·ΪչԼѵ飬ѡı֮ǰ·ԵġһЩ
ѡ·ʱ򣬾ܴҲǻڵģվԵĿʽϴλ´ƯŮ·Ȼͺ˺ܶࡣ
û¾˳뵽ԭʱϣʱӦҲǿʼ͵͵СȹӵĽ׶ˡһʼ绹̫󵨣ֻ͵͵˽´ϴǵ¥λõʱԻ´ʱ·ǡеķʷչӡ
ԸеëȻжʰĸɸɾΪ硱ʱµķƽʱĴ·һϸվһֶһģǾϸڵλ
Ͽ硱ɫʴҪ޵Ķ࣬һЩϸڻ´½ǵ壬ͷϵһСգ·ϵһƶŵװס
Ծܴӱ濴·ɫʮֵġϲ족ȫͬĸоټϻϸ߳գȫڰ·Ʒġ
֮ܶǸ籾ǡ̡Ǻÿ˷һĽ
յ·ʱ򶼾һѣתͷûšƱȿȣǻ·ģⰲ˸Ϊʱá
Ȼļ컪¿ʼϰ̨ʡϰ񡱣֪ģ̫׹ǰ˵ǲĿ׹ǰ
Ȼһ۵ľٶȻһЩۡ
۵ˡȻƽͬ£ּһЩŵСǡ
ϸ˵ӦǱֹɣΪһԺһϰôѵӵֺݵʱ򣬸ɱƽɸˣںĬĬض˻һᣬĬĬ뿪±Ī˵ڶŴӱ˵ƽɸ˵û뵽ԭ֮ǰҲˡۡ
ֵϾԸôһˣٳǰҲʲô°ɡ
׼ášһ־͸ˡ
ȻϤµ˶һԸ񣬵ҲʲôŲŵ飬´ǵһײһӣֻҪλһʵʵİԼãĳЩ˿ȫⲻܡ
ƽ⣬ԻⲻܵĻƽɵǡԭжԻΰеȤȥ͵ģֱһλðű̵Ρץķյӿ˻һɫ˵ûʲô˼Ҫȥˡ
㶼ʲôˣһʼҲţΧתʡ
ҿӵһ磬һƣãҶˡǸӰ˰֣Լȥɡ
½ваȥˣȻֻͬһ˵һÿһĺ죬Ҿظĳظһ죬ǾĹȥһƣ롭Ļ
вʶʱȽϳˣͷôѡģ
¸粻𣿡ʵһãȻĵ棬࿿׵һ˰
Ҳǲãǡһʱˡ
еӦӵģӦ˿˵򣬶һϻţһظǧһ
ô˵ഺڵСԸƺȷʵһ˵ĵ㶼ûС
תۼ͵ŵ˵죬һľȥˡľ˵Ǹȥػӵˣ²ʶʶ¡
һرĿ˻״ôʻʲôƻ
˵ԼļƻԼҪȥϵ¡ǸŹһ⻰Щȣƺû뵽ΪΪѡԼϣػµģһҲûʡ
˿˵Һûƽɵ¡ҪȻֻܰǸټӽˡ뵽ӱͻȻ߽һʣΪʲôûң
һ㶡
תͷƽɴ˽ر𸡿·ߵһνˣʮλεĽѺ漸СŵĶ˳
ĬĬؿš
ճ·һҪĿʵԭʵʵĲ˵ʲôֵ˶á
Ϊʲôûдңƽ߹ʻ¡
½˰죬˵㲻𣬵ܾ⻰˵ڳǱƽתͷ͵˸СЬһֱ˵¸棬ѵô¾𣿡
ϣ²ȷŵĵ
ƽû˵ǻƴпˡ⻰ҲҪʡĶ
Ǻðɡ¸Լǰ棬Ҳ֮ǰǸλá
ʵҲδûһ˿ڴġ
Ҳ뿴νġۡаһܲаĹݡ

148 С1

һƫƧ, ¥ɱｹš
֣˻ûӦ˰һ¥ɱֽ˵
·ʲôµ, ô춼ûֱ, ôܻ¡һ¥ɱְο
ȻȺ¥˲֪, ǵȵ˲ˡ
ڽϵʱ, ŵ˾ͰڵȵȺһ򾡡
ʵȺ˭Ҳ׹۳ʲôӣϾŴûֱҿҲֻ˵Ǹ۾ǸС۾߱ǵͱ
¥ŵʱһԼĻƣ绪´пҪţֻԼһģһĶ, 糿ųһ֧ǣǰ֧һĸʾ׹۲Ķ顣
ҾھͿˡھȺ¥ɱֲ༸׵ĵطͣԱߵƽ˵
ɴԼĴӡ
, ӴֶҲʲôܴͨ, ֵطû㹦, û·͵ùϡ
ƽԴʼ¾һֱţò˵мֹģͷβ·ûйε, ղŹ˸ľ, ϵ·Ҳǰġ
ºԼ·ҵ֮ǰ⴩΢ĺڶҪǺ·λۡ
ղ֧вûʲô̫ǿĴڣԻºƽֵĻҲûС
ƽɼȻԸµ, ȻͲĹͣϾΪеӡ
Դ·¸˵κλѾӦˣͺµĻһ
ܿ죬¾֪Լ仰Ҳǰ˵ˣƽȻҪ֣ԲΪԵʡ
ֱľͳżɱֵĵط˹ȥں̽ӣôֱӹȥ١Сһ𣿡
ѽҪƽ𡣡ԱһӶԻµ˼ҿ϶˼Լĵ
Ҫȥק˼ҵջˡƽɵıӰôôе㾾İ
ǲôƽᶼѾȥˣǿһۣƽĳȦȥ
ڵȻŵĲ죬ƽɵ¡֮ǰܴݵĶѾȥˣ˭Ҳϲŵˡ
ⲻԱ߻żƽɵԴó䵱ħгűشŮ𡣵Ȼ϶̫ҲվȦһ۰ˡ
мɱڵһһӱ˵˽ҪϣǹԼʱȴҲӰ˵ʱ΢ٵһҲ飬Ƕڽ˵ĵڰʾﲻԡ
ɱ֮һòƽˣһֱһߵţ֮ǰҲû˵һֱڣ˭Ҳע⵽ǵһڣɱֵĿⶼͶ˹
е㲻ԣߡӸղŻһֱǿһϵƣʱȴͻȻվֱ
ٵ𣿡Աһɱִ󾪡
ˣڻûŻ֪ءòͨ˵Ļ£Աߵо߳һˣ¥¥׹ۡȻҪȳࡣ
ɱǶһǻ߹ˣǸϴżﳣ˾Բᴩ·Դһ˿ЦĿǡ
ϣ԰һĬĬΧ۵ĻͻȻû
ƽɻˢӵģճӿô£ݼ˵ԱȲݼǿˡ
¶ƽɵҪͲߡ
ǡǸ΢ƽӵĴһ˵ģȻƽģͦ˳ۣϲ¥ʱѡ¥Ǹʵֵˡ
ƽɡƽǰһ˵ĻһڣԱߵɱǶһ˴˶һۡ
ʱƽɻǸͷСˣҪôſ˵ʱôءֵ˵Ƕһʤĺħڵ˶һ֣˭Ը
ݹŵѡͦǵģѡ磬һѾggԶ¥һû֪Ŀɱ֡ѡ˸ƽɣȻ㣬˶־ҪܵģðƻĿҲ󽵵ˡ
ȺɱֵķӦĿǰ¥ƽӦûǺ죬ȺɱǵķӦȻҲһƽֵķӦ
ߵļǴʱ糺죬Ҫڸ£ǿ»վɤӡȻһ߿ҲͦĿģⲻʲôӾÿˡ
˵ƽɵķ̫һɡϲں͵͵Ĺ۲һᣬжϺõ˫Ĳٶ֣żְԵܲʽĳҲͦõĲǡ
ƽɡôݹأ׹ۿƽɣʲô𣿡
Ҳûʲô£ֻ˵¥ҵƤӵ¸Сϡƽĵĵֵµ˲һ£СľȻǴ˵е¥¥ⲻԹ𡣡
¾ӦûԼɶˣƽһ˾ˡ
ʵˣûбץ˻ȥͷͷ̽¥ڸʲôͬʱռһ׹۵Ϣ
¥ڽϵĵλЩ⣬Ŀǰ˵Ķ¥¥ŶȫϢҲʹְøˡ
Ŀǰľ񣬹ƾһӡ;׹ӦǸͦʵˡ¥¥Ļع鵽·ϣûʲôŮװУûʲôֵƽ¥ҲŽԴϲ
¼ҪԼıдˣȴȻдһЦ
ǡɲƽɡ
ţͻȻ˾
ڳжһ̧ͷ˳С
⻰ովǴ׹ۿ˵ġ
ֻ˵˳ûκɵӣվЦſƽɡ
һ̣ҵѪ·һ롣
Ǵֺܿðһͷôôͷأ²̽ɡ
ƽɱ˵򶨵ģڳ󲿷ŵ˶Ҫ򶨶ˣϵı鶼ûر򶨵˵Ŷ֪ΪʲôôΪ
һ룬һѵԶֱֱķ˹ġһͬʱһʹ
һɫѪ˵ǰ

ļСȫǿѪǴġ
׹۸ո˦һѷɵֱֱĴƽɵϣֱֱĴ͸Ȼ˺ǿϡ
ǰѷɵקקƽɵı鶼ʹൽŤˡ
ɾѪȳҲ˶ۼģҲһ˱Ҫݰ
һԲϾͳֵӡ˵䲻ʱ˵Ļķɰ
ƺϬһ㣬¿ԣȻתʧС
׹Ѿߵƽɵǰƺڹ۲ı顣
˵㿴㡭ôƽأ

149 С2

ƽɵĲһ׼˵Ƿ, һǺܲҵķ
߶е£ҪǴȿ뵽˻, û뵽µô, û뵽׹Ǹ˵ȶֵˡ
ʱӦһվһ³ӵ, ȡءƽĲǼٵġ·, Χ˻࿴һ֮󣬾Ȼûһվڴʱ˿˵ġ
ǳȻһƬž֮С
ƽɵֲŸոմϰΡ˭˶ۣ˭Ҳƽһ˶׹ȴѾ˹ȥһһ˵ʵʵĸ, ˭ģ
ƽͷѾһ亹
ҲǱŵû۵ġ
˵׹۵Ŀ׳Ӧ֣ôԼֻ˵ǼˣĿǰҲЩԴﵽ, Ϊ׹߹ȥ, ȻְƽɸոհΡĵһӰ˻ȥ
һʱ丽˶ƽɵĲҽ, ˱ëȫð֣֮ƽɵҲʣʲôˡ
˭ƭң˵װƽɵƭҡ׹Цŵ, ƽɣ㻻˻һһ, ƽǸһﲻǰѾʧ𣿡
Χһ׹۵Ҳ²Ǵġ¥ǳ͢ģ
⻰ۿžҪƽɵ׸ǡɾˣٶȷɿ졣
أ˰಻סСʵ, ΪƽСõҲɵȺѰ˻µӰ
û취ЩʵְԱӶ࡭ܴҲûдĹµġ
ΪһһսԱ˶֪ºܴ򣬾д󲿷Ҳûỹǲİ˾
ʱҲŷֻ²֪ʲôʱȻѾʧˡ
ʧˣȥģ
һ˲ʲôĶУ˾ûʧѰʱ׼͵ϮΪؼʱ뿪̫ˣ֮ʲôĶУ׷ŵһѡ
ЩԶȽµ˵Ǵʱ˿Ѿˣƽʱ˵¿ףܲôʱŷֻȷʵյһѺ֣Ҳ·ˣЩ˵˲һ־С
ڼͷ˰಻סҪʱһȻӴҵͷ𣬡ˣҡ
ΪǴͷϷģԴҲԼ̧ͬͷȥֻλöͬ
ȵȫ̧ͷ󣬲ŷʲôˣֻǴѣΪߵĹԴҲΪǴͷϴġ
ֻ׹ֱֱĳһطǸվ˸ˣӰľڵܹ֡ҫ۵Ľɫ뾪޵ϣ֮ʲôҲ
׹Ҳ˿ûֱӾͰԼĵƽɵ˿ϰΡ˳ƽֱιȥݺݵؽɵӰڵλãȻһӹȥѾһˡ
⡣
̶̵һ˲䣬˾Ѿ˲ͬĵطҾ׹۵λûܽղʮԶھ͸˶̶ס
׹ͷһòߵ֦ϣƮƮģûκɫͽɫ°ŷ类ƮƮģʱͻһߡ
̧ͷһ˲䣬Լͬһܿľͱĳһ仰
˭
֦ŵǸ˴һɫĳۣɫһֺܶصɫûɫôҲûкɫôңһּмɫȴִŵԼصĸо
̾ϳµʵֻ࣬˵µ˺һЩʸ֪ôǿֻ˵˲ڿ˵ĵһϳǻ¡
ʵϴ󲿷˶һãȻġ
ʵһֱ϶û̫ĸı䣬ʹͷβһױ۾죬ôô˶ϴأ
ڻԼ˵һԡ
ôͻȻȷʵ˶˸һв˾ΪǴûӣһв˾ԭ벻ʱȻ
иĿɿڴĿŻ£ﲻ֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôԱһһӰѻ˽ȥ⣬˶ѻȸĵŻһĶ
𣿸ղſиӰͲԼ˿ݺҲ⴮𣿡ô뵽
ǰĻֻаǾԲƽɵģӦ˵аһ㡣
ǹал־ޡ
ԲŻô˸е𾪣ǵĿиͲǻһӣ˵󲻵¾ȻҲ̬
˵ѵĽ̵ͻȻһԼ˷ɳĳС˵һ
Щʶµʱ䲻С˵Ǹ޴ĳϸ˰죬ڴԼԼбϳӦϤĻ¡
˵ĵϤ˭Ҳ˵
ϤĵģţʣЩͷβ˸飬£ʹϤüҲǲ̫ˡ
ƽʱܶһڡţºͣݣȻüʱɷʣȫռֲľ޵
ʱвƽɵòŷֻҲǸ͵Ĵ塣
ҲͬͣҳҲͦ
ȻҲвټµˣԶڻģǺϤġǿŻº׹˰죬˴֮ƺڻȷʲô
»ľԼָ֣мһöƬø׹ۿһۣƺЩģȻָһɣƬ˵ء
׹ҲûȥԼǰѷɵֻʡһƬص˶Ҵ
ǰѵǸղƽֵǰѷɵȴ׾ٵĽ
ãֻ׹ۿˡ
ֱ˵硣
仰˵ȥ󣬱˵¥ߵɱְˣŶˡ
ţ
ȵȣôͻȻеİ
ŵ仰ǲԼͬתͷ˻¡
ղаʾ
һ˲䣬ãȻ;弸ѻ¸û
ȥôϳģȵȣô˵̫ԡôƭϳģ
ԱѾβ˵ƽɻʶ»ڲ
ģΪʲôһ˵ðƻһһҽܶû˵簡
ʲôвࣿŵ˽ſʲôǲ̫࣬ˣҲʵ£ǿǰҲԼ档
ľʵĸоǿߵһ˲ҪҲ˵¾񣬷ֶصĸоһ

ˢˢ֮˿֯ԱҵϴˣҲ׹ȷԼĲ²⡣
Ż£˵Ϊǳ͢ӥȮҸȤû뵽㡣
֪⣬ʲôأ

150 С3

Ŀǰ׹ʵ⻰, ΣȻǽˣ˶󲻵Ȼôһַʽ
׹ʻµĻȴûﰵĥһ, ԼȷԭȻΪ, ׹⻰ûµ˼·ȥش, Ҫ˼·ȥش
ĵ, ӹλõ˾ʲôӶѣҪ̫ࡣ
׹۾һֱģգգ
²òƹž޲ҲʲôΪĶ˵ˡ¥˵ĵطȻûһװеŮװ, Ǻúһ۳ҲƷˡ
ʲô˼Ī;˰ܿ
ⱾǸѲƶ鰡
ԻҲûڵϻ˸, Ȼ׹۵, ǰ, Ǹʱͷ𣿡
ԡ
ָͬǰ컪µָʾεǼ£ܷ׹ŵĹͣϾҲǻȥ׷ġ
ҪĶࡣ׹۵, ӳ¥, ҪĶࡣ
ĸµ
Աߵ˿Ľ棬Īľһͷ亹ܾε֮䣬˶塣ȥ
ʵһġƽѾβ˵Ļ, Ľ˵ɱ
Ҳ֪㵱ӳ¥ĵʲô˼׹۵¥ѾԭڵʱˣԶҲ󲻵ڵ¥ʲô
ֶʲô벻ģ¥ȨﻹֵЩ޷ҲЩ
ȻȷʵҪɫĶ࣬ұΪӳȥԺȻȻɥʧֵλãû뵽ô̵ʱھ͹һ֧Լ׹ۿ˿Լűߵƽɣֻȴ⡣
ֵµҲȫЩµЦˣμҲֻǶһҵĺ󱲣ҵļ߾ʲôӣĿǰ˵㲻
ƽɵ˵˵ǷȻڵ˵ȫ磬ֻԻ¸м
ȥǱĽˣ¶Լŵܶʱڿʲôǻȥ֮һǵĺùӳԡ
Ҫ¶ԼݣŴĵȥˣαڵء
Ծܻڿһаеģǵ￿׵ĳ̶ȷǸһ㣬ΪȫԲȥȥ֮ѹȫ۵ƽɵͷϵģֻҪ˵̫˵·ͺˣǻ²ûС
һһ֣֪ûУӲİѼĳ涼Ӳ˻
һӣ¾סʹȺҲоˡʱֻܸ֪˭׵ˡ
ֻǴɻЩ¾ܲһֱôȥأ᲻ĳСϸ淭أ
ǿܻµҪƽܶ࣬ղ׹ۺӻǸ˲Сӡһҧʮ¾ĸо
»»ĳСϸ¶ӡ
ܿ죬Ǿ˻µжôġסκ϶û˿Ծ׹۵ĸֵ⼸ǶԴ
˵ƽɡģƽɿֻѧ˸òǸ򼸺ǽԼˡ
ʲôⶼ׼ȷĻشЩŵ붼û뵽ġ
սһ׹۵ȻôʿЩͻ֪ôô͸㵽ôһģ
ôĵĪҲд¥ӵĴ㣿
Աߵ˿Ż˵仰¥ѾĿ⿴׹ۣҲ̽ĸоǱ仰Ǹ̡һ׹ۺȥ
ֻ֪⡣ϵǣ׹ƺִţҲѹͲԼֵµɱôģ͵Ϊպ׼ɡ
˵ǰҲҪɰʵװѵ׹ôͷֻﲻˣҲ̫˰ɣ
ǶĻܲܰѸԲȥǱտڲҲἤ׹۵һλɣǡǡĿ£ƺǡ˼һᣬ̶ֻչüͷ
£˵޷Ŀ˿ڡϰһɢЩһֱصĺҲûȥƹܣҾͽЩǸ
ȵȣв˷ӦһŷӦ˹¡˵ĲǰһֱŵǼ°ɣ
ڳ˼֪ػϵǼ£Ȼһֱǲģ˾֪ˡ
˭Ҳû뵽¾Ȼڴʱ˿̰
ȻЩ˼飬ʵȴһä㣬ǵСˮֻ˾뵽Ҹһǲܶ˶ῼǵ飬Ȼ´ʱ˿̰ȴû˿Υ͸С
ȥԭڻõһ˲·Ȼ򣬼̶;ûס
ԭˡǰЩ˸˵ػǱߺðһµͷһʼһ벻Ǹ˭û뵽Ǹ˾㡣׹۵
˷׷һͨǰҳλػbossĿǰΪֹûκһ˷ֹʵò˿ƺҲر¶ӣͻ˵һԳԵһΥ͸жûˡ
ʱ䣬ص㣬ﶼԳƵ˵ǵһʱϹĿǶţȻ¾ڶ̶̵ʱһ˿׵ɣ˲˰ܵ˻µĴӵ¡
вСῴŻµ񶼾øƽʱһˡ
ƽʱŻܲԼ֪ĥʲô浽˹ؼʱ̾ͷ˹Ȼǵе
̣ƤҶôҪˣֻǵķӦмܹõ
οƤĿǰǿȿȣҲ֮ǰۡ
ô˵ǳΪµأ׹ƺ̽ԵʵϾ֪ǿɶһȺһ˿ǶûеķӰ
˼ͬʱ˻£˵¥ɱ֣ŵ˶Ѿڴź½˵Щʲôˡ
µô˵һȺ˵˵ʲôõģֻŷ˭˭ġ
ֻҪ㽫ȫˣȻͻᶼˡ
ȫǳϮ籾Ļû´ʱ˿̸˳ֻ˵ʲô˵ʲôĻ⻰˭˵ôİһʱڳ˶˵ֻǰĿ
㡭Ҳô˵𣿡׹ʡ
ЦЦһ룬ҾͿ´Ծ£һ׹۵ߣеġˡ˸ҫ۵Ĺâ
һ̣µģ׺ʹص

151 С4

ò˵Ǹ㹻˵, ˵Ӱ, ֻǸո, ¥ɱǾѾ, οʱ˿ͻȻϮ
ʵ¥˲֪ǶȺΪ򶨵ġ¡, ʱҲһ
ڳʵţǱ϶ˣֻ˭ԷöԷг񣬶Ա֮ԼֱǸС˼
ûж˭˭֪
ŵǲҲԭġ׹۸ղŵĳѾڳŵ˶ΪˣΪ׹۵ĳַʽ, һ¥Բͬ
ڳҲǺ¥ܶνˣٶȺͱѾӡＸеɱ֣ǲһ˿ĸо
Ϊʲô׹۵ĳַʽôڲͬأ»Ǻ͵һ, 书Ľĵһ, ֮ǰ¥Ĺ, ͺѾ˵Ӱӡ
£ܲܳɹĶסƣҪ׹۸ѹȥ
˶ɾֻһòֵ, ǸΪܵĶ, ʹǰ׹۴ˣ׹ۿʲô绪µ书ʽﲻ¥ˣ׹۶ᵱ
˸ղƽɵҲ㿴, һܺŪȥ飬·¶Ҫǵ
˭û뵽Ӧͼȵʱ򣬻¾Ȼȳˡ
ĳֲ¥˵ԤϣͬʱҲ˵Ԥϡ
ΪǵĿУ±Ͳǹôǿˣȥʲô
ڻµĳֲǻȻʶһ⡪ǰڲǻ£ǡ硱
һŹԣȫ˽֪ĵһɱ硣
ֻ˴°ƮƮеɢҫ۵Ĺâƽʱڲݾƹ鼸һξͳǵǰʹǷ·һʱǰʵǻ¡
ʵﻹ˸ҵģΪҶǷܹ׹ȣ׹۵ĸı̫ҵˡ
Ƿٿ£ıһֱôһ˿ϷŪŵ˿Щĸо
ҲŵһֵĸоƺѾԤϵ׹۵ĳзʽԲԵġ
Ǵ
׹۵ֿ쵽Ҽĳ˵ҲǸ˹ҵˣ̶̵ļ֮ʮУʮмʹΪԼѾǱȽϺõҲֻܴſôС
ʽرĹܡ
ȷ˵кܶදǲһģ׻ˣ˵һһֱǰ߱ܣȴͻȻҪþֹĶ̫пܻһӰԼɫͨ졣
ٱ˵˶ͷԼֱ۹ؽڴǸطһͨ˵ļޡ
׹۵ȫĶһִƳķʽУţٴʱײİӦѾסˡ
һֶ׹ۣڿһߡһǱĶߡ
ؽһֹĻŤ·ûһͷһͬʱֱˣǿûʲôͷһ£˭ΪԼʲô³
¾֮ǰ׹ν¥֮ǰѾһԭ򣬹ƾȷʵǻ˷ʤ
ΪŤӣͱȻһЩĶǶںܶ཭˵Ǵ򶷿Ǿ飬һܹʲô޵ĶǶģһ㲻ЩĶ
һԱţǸͻȻֱ˸180ȳ˹᲻÷ʤԣ׹ھȫõ
ս˿òƺܼҵʱû֪ºĬĬŲۡ
¥ôѡǸһķʽܹˣܰе
Ҳûа취鰡Ц
⡭еԨԴģ¥ҪĽԼĴ򶷷ʱ˶ԼĽ飬ʱ¥ôһλϣλƽʱԸҲҵģӻʽЩߣͺ߳ϡ
λ߳ϵһı¥ʷֻ̣ΪĺܴһҩˮֱӰѹͷԼĹޱȣַ˼Ķ
ЩЧʱλϳķʽǸַ˼ĽʽЩ٤ѡֶˣ˭Ҳûô
¥ѡе书ʽʱǳӹλ߳ϵʽһȾҪȡ书ʽΪ¥ˣҡ
ΪʲôأΪСߡ
ĳЩʱǸˣʵҲǸˡ
෴ͦʵģĳЩ쳣󵨣һȺǸɱĸ֣˵ϲҲû̫УЩɫ޵ͦÿ
ֻǼȻ粻ϲǻҲеû±¶Լİá
˵ʱ¥˿رʡʱʡ߳ϵ书ѡһǿɮ·ߡ߳ϵ书ʵһ·书¥ɱԽɡԼܶĸֻ֣ҪڶԷ鲻¡
һԣĽҲ㲻ˣϾ¥˵ҲǸɱָ֯жôҲɱԽ֣Ҫʲô̫׷µˣв£þ¡
ݾ磬ѡֶָߵ׷ٶַʽ߳ϵ·ȣߵ·ҪѵĶ࣬ҲҪĶࡣ
Żµȷˣ׹˲佫Լճһ״ȻӰر任ֱۻңһɫһ
ǻŶƺЦһȻ˵ڵġһ
ﻨˣ¿ǰе˵׹ۣ˵еǲ
ָ˸ط˵׹ȫµΨһ㡣
ĻŲɵĻ¾˾ͳȥȥһ˲䣬ԼҲ÷ǳ֡
ԷĶڵۼ׽ǵ½Լ˰ָλô̹ȥʱûܵһ˿谭
һѾһѧһѾ͸䲻ڵĺ壬ٹŹİ⣬Ҳ˲ͷıʣĿǰµľָо
һ㣬¾֮һ㹥׹۵ʽ
ôܣ¥ɱȫˡ
׹۵һʽȣֻһУͽԷ¡
书еһаٰͣҲӲҵġ

152 ɽ

һн׹۴ܺ, ԼЩ˼飬ܾǲ̫˵, , Ϊ⿴ô򵥵ġ
һһ۾Ϳ, ·ǵø׹۽ֲ, õĿӳ죬õľ͵ֵˡ
һһץסߴ磬һҪҧ
¿׹۵ɫ˲һƬҰףµĵѾ̽ؿ, °ѵ顣˳һͼֲ֧סҪڵϡ
ָоһ۵Ҫ֮ǰػӵʱһҲˣʶķ˶Էһ, ȻͿԷŵ
Ȼ, ³ԼҲһʱ硭׹ڶ˵, ⻪²Ҳ
Ҫƿؽϸɵľ֮ǰ׹޷Ǿǵ˲ǵ֮, ʱ˿̻Ѿ͸͸, αҪɱȻ¥һİ˹
׹۲˼Ŀ˻һᣬȻɳƵΪʲôɱң
Χе˿Ǹɫ۵˻ĵͷ, Ѿڵϵ׹ۣĸӲͣԵӾڶʲôС˵һ
˵ֻ뿴ҵļλʲôӣҺαҪɱأµͷֱ۾˵
ԱҴŵ˴ʱ˿̶Ѿס˺
һ̵Ļ²ǾİǾõǷԼ͸ʲôˣЩʲô塣
´ʱ˿̾ѾȫȫĺǳΪˣﶼһ˿һתͷһɱˣûκεɣֻΪѾǻ¡
ڵϵ׹۱ƺŤһ£ŻµĻܲµӣҲ˿ûٷء
ֻ벻׵ǣԼѾΪĿǰ¥书ߵļ֮һΪλǴ򲻹磿
ȷʵܹһ¥˻ҪǿĿǰʵȴޱȵԻŶ磬ԼĴѾһƬҡ
ܹԼһ˵¥˼Ҫǿһôǿˣ
Ӧòġ׹ۻ뵽
¿ۺ汻ŵôľļ¥ɱָָ֣ϵ׹̧ۣȥǵø¥ｻġ
¥ļɱɫʱѿޱȡ
ǲǾһ˹ͳ۵ģЦ⣬ǣ뷨ջȥһسӻĺء
¥ɱǰ׹۸̧˻ȥߵʱ˭ûҶԻ·ųһݻ޲֮زز
ȥ¥ˣµҲЩ꣬ˣϱӺⱲӵʱ߲һأܵ㶼ˣ¥ȺǰѼƫ˰
һ뵽պῴһȺڿ񺣲һɱ֡¾ʹ˸
統ĹǶԵģȷʵЩܲܡ
Ǹո׹ʹҲ۾ô˵ءҲõйذɣЩЩܹǸ˵ʸĴҪСƻͬ־ôһ׹۱˵ԸҲϵģ
߰㶫Ļתͷŵǰˡ
ڻתһɲǣŵ˶ס˺ļӡ
µĬĬسݵڵϴ³Ӱӡ
ϻǰѷĵϵѪδɣ˳ŵһ¡
ղڿﻹûɢȥɱڻţ˶ִܸ̹ܵǵĺ䣬ƺҲûһ˿ĺĽŲһɢ
ʮֵĺÿǴĪ磬˭˶˵ǸӡݺÿΣյģǱ˵ĹԸ̹ܵǵı䡣
˶ĽŲһľԼȥ
һ
ʮ֮վʱֻʣ֮ңˣѹ£ûгסҪߡ
Ѿ˿ƲסİΡ˵ͬҲɱĿŻ¡

һãȻĿźԼǰѵѰ˼ŻʰʰϽߣȴû뵽Լչˡ顱Ļӭɶͷԡ
һڣ˶ϤɫɻϤɫ˵ĸоȴȻͬ
˵ո׹ʱǱһôڵϤ֣ƽģżЩ߶ߡ
ѽ̫ΣˡĬĬض㿪ɱĽΪȺڸЦˣ˶ûӰ˻ݣʰʰǸϽȥɡ
˶ǰ·˿˵ϤĻָо൱ĹŹ֣˻һŵƽСõ磿
ɲ𣿻˭ĪǰٽҲסˡ
ȵ°ѽ˻ȥŵȥ磬㣿

ڳŵȫˡ
ǸղŵķӦ֣һʵʼǰǻ»Ǹرµˡ
ǻ¿˵Ǽ仰һϤĸоҲϵġ
ҲĥȺΪʲôӦô֣˵ҺԼߵҪǿ켸𡣵Ҳû뵽ŵȺ˷Ӧôţŵĺǻײһ
¸磬ǰʱ·𣿡СŮ߹µ··ǳƢӸ
ľղߵ׹ǿ˿»ѪղŻһаĻëһԹԵüСһ
еСֱһ˼飬һһ߿µһͷ
мƽʱ¹ϵõҲںͻ´Ȥ磬ƽʱû㻹ôһְ
ԴЦͦʵģҵĹ𡭡
û˵ЧͦߣźͻĻȫˣ˫£¥֪һϴµģΪŻ˼ң¥ǰüһѣԻ²ȥġ
ܻЦĺʵϾŴôģһЦ˲ղŵĻͲһˡ
һ仰ݾǴ˵㻨ķǽһ˵ɧ
Ա߼ƽͦ죬ܸͶιʳĹͻȻ֣ȥ·ϵĽǲģһ㵽˺ȥ֪ΪĵضŻ¡
˰ѿƽɸ̧׼ɽƽʵЩεĻԸµĽӹ̧ɽֱ˿ЩĸӣʵԼҲͦĸӡ
ҪԼҲΪݸǸ׵£̶ɹİɡ

153 ⶼ

ϢȻ˳ȥ, Ͽûʲôˣʲô¾Ͳ֪ˡ
йε¼ʵҲ, Щ˴ԭϡ
ԭֻ̽һЩ¥ķ, ֪¥Ŀǰڽ书, ˳Ŀһ¥Ρ
εж˵׻ǿ˻µ, ڻµҲĿõġӦķӦ˶Ϊ֮̾
ֶ˸һ£ڵĻ»᲻ܵ˵ı
Ǹ˾˵ǸӣԸرŹ֣һҪǱô찡ŵ˶رĵʡ
õ, ȻҲСǳӣСĵץˡ¿ƴȻ˵
˵˭ץץ²Ҫݰԭ׬Ǯ·Ӷ, һ˶ָӪĲҵԺȡ
Ȼô, ǻһ˵, ˲ܵΧ˵塣
û취ʱҲǷǳкôģܱȸһѻΪӦҪáʱΧ˵ﶼԻ·һ˿ͬ, ļ, ̫ģȥһͷģϾʱΪ˾ǲĻѡ
ܻ˿ǸħһĽɫ˵, ԽԽߴˡ
Į꣬ƢرºͣҲرΪ˶رףȥȥ
ǲ֪ﾹȻҲȺССӵأȻ˲ֻ࣬ǸӴȺˣǻʶѾ֪׵ˡ
ڹŴǸҪ£ضүΪһ־ͱɰô꣬ܶ˶ΪʷġȻʷҲеѣﾭ¼󣬻־Ȼ˵
һŵǧ𣬻ûһŵǧֵزǴ˵Ļ׳̶ǾǺܸߵģҲ˰
й¥Ҳ͸ôһˣŵ֪ͨ»ȥ¥¸Ľ书ʲôӵ˵һ£ҲţԤƹ˶þͻذٲá
뿪ǰǱŵЩСΧ£ȻҲƽôˣÿȻͦεҲǺƢģֻÿζ˼ߣɴͲˡ
ЦһֱŮôܻ̰ٺϻʢֻ׷ٴѹΪҲ󲻵ôǸӵġ
ҪҴ룬ʵûʲôرġ·ûʲôϵҲûʲôϵ
˵֮ʹԼƽﴩ򵥴󷽵·΢ıһ飬˲ʹƽŻ±硣
·̫ʺʣüۼѾ˲ûƽﻪµķɣƻһˡ
Ǹ˿¸ߣһĵĮ
Ǹ㱵ˣ֮ǰ˵Ҫһֱöá
Сһ쾻Ϲеûģܰ۰˵ҲԸˣǲǰ£Աһ»ıȽ˹ĸ˵
Ŷڻϵʱǻȷʵݶűˡ
ʱҲ벻»ЦǺǵűˣ˵ݾﻪһֱݡ
Цһ£û˵ʲô

׼ذٲõǰһϣŰѻǼйʱٸǺúõѵһΪְҵռľ¥ϺȾأͻȻ¥һ
ôˣôĸгƵģ
´ɻ¥һۣȻȫͷͷ治Զĵط߹˼ˣһΪ׵һµӣ٣ֻһ򵥵İţûκεΣҪ˵УǴžĽ
һرʵ޻ĽûκεװΣеֻ͸ǵĺ⡣
λ˻̨ףϡòƿܸ˼ںƵˣΪڸ̫ϸԺױŮͯһģ߸Ϳ
Ű˵ÿһ¥Χ˵ôһ֣ոΧжΪ¥ںȾƵ˶ȥˣϰ嶼˳ȥǰȥѯʲô
ˡڣͬһĵͳ
ϰ屻򵥵ָˣϹϾİָʾ쵽¥ż䴦ǻڵǼӡ
λƮƮһ°һѳʽڻǰôһ¾û֨
Ϊ̫Աʧˡ
ϵвҲԭ򣬻˵ڸ˵ֻһһڵĺšСϵİ׿ˮ
º˿ڲѹѹ
ôҲǰ½͸һǰǸһСۻʲô֮˵еĻȷʵһʽġ
ˣˡʱϡӰ½͵˳ʱŷֺ滹ˡ˼˵ΪԱ̫ǿңûע⵽Ǽˡ
ô׻ģҲ̫˰ɣ²˼ĿǰĽͣǵϴμʱ˻һںӵģټ棬Ѿˡ
ţͰˡִӽ͵һı˳
һ˲仪¾뷹ġ
ðɹСƿû⣬˼ﲻžokˡֹ¶硣
ʲôǰʹ˼ʹϴĸأ
黹ôϴλ²Ǯõʱ˵ʱΪǮ(С)԰ԼġսƷ˳ȥλͺܴ˺
ȥòƲ跹˼һ𣬵ȵٴγʱѾӡ
֮ͻȻеԲ˼ҡʱٿ潣͵ĮݣȻ֪Ϊξ뿪()ģ
ʱ۾ȻӴ鵽ŵˣ˲֪ͨ˸Ͻ˵
ȵŵ¥һµʱȥ¥ա
±ûôƣŵ˶ˣͲһƶûС
ŵµһ仰ǣҸղſи½ֱֱĳģû°ɣ
³ĬһҲûʲô£ǸӣұȽš
˽ôûŵһƵĵΡ
ϣҪ𣿻˲;ˣԼ˿϶˵ð͵˽߳һ㽣ܹﵽĵزһΪˣʱգɳΪµĽ͡
ߴأȴûע⵽˵ɫԽԽأȵ·Ӧʣôˣ
¸綼ӵˣ¾ԲСﰡҲҪעˡǸһ˵һͳ˵ʲôʱϡò·ͨˡ
˳һᣬͨ·ġ
һͨȼ¸ղŲãôһ۸ֱһͨ
ȻӺţƣʵûͨһ»ͨ
³Ĭ˰ΣƺҪ˵Щʲô
Ȼ룬Ȼַˡ
ˡȻⶼ

154 һ

ܲõİ½ֽϡ, ôʱԷ֣ûķôһΡ
ڽ֮ǰﶼѶԷ, Ͼϵ̫, ¼ǲ, Ϊ˲һ, ¾΢һŵʵкӡ
šȻպﻹǻг־ˡ
ϴλ²СĿһѣϲɺصûⲿͨڲͨνڲֻͨŵ˲Żõͨϵľͨϵġ
Ȼ¸Ŵһ£ڽϱϾҲʲô޶ˣûʲô, ĸ˼ҾͨáѾ˼ĻһҪעһ㡣
͵һ顣
šҪŵ˷ǸϲˣѪͰ׷𡭡
, , Բӡ濼, Ȼд˷š
Ԥǣֵһö˶ʡ
ԼǰͶȻ˵ر³Ҹ̫ͻȻ, Ȼ²Ҳһĸ, ҲѾܾöûһĸ²жˣú˵ܳһ۶֭ľ²
ƽҲţò׼һˣһò뿪, Լְ׼ˡ
ߵʱʵЩĲ̣ذٲһȻϴʾܾһ̤˻̡
Ȼôһһ˵Լȷʵĵġ
ôһ󣬻²Ŵӱ˿е֪Ųֻƽһ˳ðƻˡ
ºһ£־ȻôϤ֣ƽôùռ󲿷˻ġ
ȺĿǰΪֹûͻ¼棬ʵܻϱӾеĻⱲӲſʼģϱӾУļкܶðƻ
мָ´𾪸вȵƽɵʱСҲͬðƻĻǻֻ˵ƽŵαװˮƽϾļǼȫʲôԵġ
֪ʲôһĵطôţЩ˵һԱʣҸʲôͬ𣿡
ͬ룬Щ˵Ҫ˵ͬӦþ¸ΪʲôĶȽûʲôֵ̫ĵطɡ
ţһ£ʲôݴʣ
ʱͲݵʱȫһ֮⣬˻ٶܿһݵ˵ӰӡǸ˵Ժл֪ˣ˵ľԲǼٻ
ƽɡҲƽɵӰ𣿡ζ˵
˵ĺ壬һЦˣòͦİɡȻҲ˼
ЩԭǺˣž͸Ǹ˺ˣž׳ˣ¸ҿĵһܰԼֵĺˡ

ȥۿŽҲ˶졣ڻֱ˵ϵĶЩİƾһ»ӲĿס˶յĺ䡣
ڰٲһ֮ԵΪ棬ƽʱµĴڸлûô߹һȺѾʼ̽Ŵµ˵УһµĻ¾Եøڡ
£·ȥɡԻµµҲǲֻ̫ͨ붨»ԶͲôԸ⶯
ڶİٲ˵Ŀ˻˷һģǰҩҲŲˣǰٲõĿܾ
㻹ЪŰɡ¿Ѿʼð˵ε˵
ǵ㿴Űһ߿һ߶϶ĵ
Уҿҿšһǿ˺˯
ǲģԣ΢ἸġţѨλҲĵĻȷʵǻġ
պϴպϿ԰ŵһԱߵ
µ˼ҿȻоԼǰƺһˣ̧ͷʶĵôˣȴȻֶһֱסڸڵǸ
΢΢Щ죬ƺЩðӡ
¿·Լһĵﷺһ˿ͬ顣
˴ȫΪǸûǮɡ
Դֻ·ֱ£º£ûǮ·ȷʵȽѰ
ͷǸǮĹѧϰҲûãȻҲְ˼һ׬Ǯ
¿˶Էһ۾ͷͷĻææȥ˺Ժ˰죬һſ´ӺԺ˳ֱһºһ뽪
ƵǰĽ¸Ĳ֪룬һ˵ˣ·Ҫϣ⣬⣬·ɣ㴩ʲô
û£Ҳ䣬ȴɡ·˾ţ֮ڰ·Էϣһϣ˲˱ë޵ġ
¿ʮֿģ¶ˬֻЦݡ
ڰ¸ˡΪ̫ӷԲ봩š
Ҳðˣʱû취Ǳаõҩ⼸˷̫ˣҪõĻҿֱӸһµ
ĬһУһɣȻٸץһëࡣ
ëࣿҪë¾ôãϾҲûЩҩĻǲôģȲѿھˡ
תͷȥҩë࣬øҩǮȻЩԥԥվſûߣ¼״ʣôˣ
ҡŻ㣬Ϊ·ıɡԥ˵
ţĲˡ̰֣òƺֵܼӣ˵ȥʰʰֽʣϾͿʼ
֮Īľеռ˼ұ˵ĸоϾֻΪԼ·֣ƽ޹ʵһ·Щͷԡ
ϳԷʱ»Ǹ£ЩֵĵףҪë
ëǸʲôİʡ
ҲηȻ߿ԵĲ˺Ѫе˻ȶǸǸҩЩ
˵һͻȻ˻Щھεı飬͵ˣԼϹԵģǸҩëҲûʲô£˾˰ɡ
ĬĬصͷԷ³çˣ´ξԲûʱץҩ
ͷʱ׼ҪţºȻ¥յ͵ƻţһӵģ˵ĴϵĻڻɣԵ
죬ʰʰ׼ȥοԼȺԱǣȴͻȻյһըϢ
ִ˵ٻҪʼӪҵˡ

155 

˵ܱȽ϶˵, ܻԼˮģܻ»ΪŮװ, ܻȷʵǸԱΪŮ桤ֱŮ
ŵ˾ȻûһΪǸơ
ǼԵǵԻ͵¡
Ϊ¾òô˵, ԼԱǸŮ, Ա˿Ǻ顭ɡ
ոսӵĻͦ˼ʱ, Աһ˾ӻЦȰһ£ֻȷʵЩΪˣſ̬ЩӶ׼һ¡
ʵûôΪ롣
һĿܲǻƽʱʵпϵֻȻɵĵ, ô˵ǻôʱ䣬Ȼû˸ܶ, ˵ˡ
ҲʹΪԼԵ()ô, ʵǸ˸Ļش, Ϊһ뵽¸ܾӦǶһ˴ŵӣԱи˾;ùֵֹġ
ţǹϵĵ¡
ʱҪĵ, Ҫĵصġ
»رر·, Ҹоǳã˵ôһôôǱ̬˰ɣô˵ȥ򶼲̫ӡ
ôһ·ǰһվƺĬ˰Ρ
ţôˣɻʡ
ܸоŵ¸ĸоԱһ˵ְ, ƽʱҲ¸ݵԼʲôƵĵطһ뵽˻᲻ϲʲôⷽ棬ܾͬһ
¸磬㿴̫ˣҪŷһ㣿Աһͼ̻ô
ࣿࣿ²Ǻܶ
ǡܾÿ¸ݵ̫ǻرϲһ˵ӡ֧֧˰죬˸Ƚ׼ȷжϡ
ַӵĸоҲУ֡رѵĸо¸ŵһ£΢һԼϲһ˵ĸо
˵İ£һһΣŪˣǻ·ǸױݣϵıҲЦ˿ޱƿ޷ЦڵĹǺ
ԼˣĬĬذѸոָʾȥһ˻˵ɡʲôԾĵʱ˵вУ
ҲСûа취Ҳֻͬ˻µĽ顣Ż΢Щŵͼ뿪Ц˵ѽ¸̫ˣ΢ֵĲһ㶼ֲ
仰¾Ȩ˿佱ɣϾҲû֪Ƕôϲ͡
õһôӶ
ΪʲôһҪѡװϲһˣҲһ
ԭ֪ò̫飬ʵ¥ڲҲ΢һ㴫ġ
Ȼǻ±ֳģԼֳģ˵СȷʵЩƲഺŮȶʱֳʲôȻͱ͵ϢŸˡ
¶Դ΢΢Щźô˵ɣž˵ǸҺˣԷǸʲô˻²֪ʱҲûʲô档
Ŷøƣ֮ǰǾųϲ˵ķȻ۲ڽϻʲô仯ʱˣ׼û¸һġ
һԣһӣʼϲŮ˵·Ů˵ױݣһЩȽŮԻ£ôϲ㡪ȫ˾Ͷ֪Ǹʲôˡ
ʵҲټ뻪֪ĸƵľôȽġڹŴȽϸҽԵˣͬʱҲͦļˡȻһǺõľˡ
ҲΪʲôŸս֮ǰһҪû´Сȹӵܵԭ
Ҳû뿪ٲãȫԼ޵еṦĴܡһĵطɽˮˣһܶҵһʺݳ̨
ɫһطӦǸ¥ɣīͶϲȥһطһשͷһţʹʸӵ˶ĵطȽʺŪ
һεױݿܱ֮ǰĶҪƫŮԻһԭһεжڱصõĸоôڿ˻µĴ֮ͻȻôһ˿˿ȷĸо
˿ȷĸо¾ô̡̤
ҲΪôһ˿˿ȷأû´ȥЩ
¥󲿷ֶīͣҲٲֵʿǻͷɴġС㡱ġղв͵͵Ŀ
¾װԼǸͨͨС㣬ʵڰǰ˵˵Ļ
Ű΢͸¶һгˡʵǸҲܹ۲Ķ󣬻ʱֻҪﰲĵţȵԷǡ
˵˵ٴ죬ķΧﲻɵøĹصߡ
³ĬһᣬͻȻǰ˵˾Ȼ˵˽Ĺ£һ·̸˽
ϣҲŰŵû¿ǰרҵ˵˵ǲԻȻ˵ĶС
û˵ġ
ҵ˼·˵صߣûע⵽ſںȻһŮˣǸŮɨһȦһ˲ͿĻ¡
֮ǰҶ˵߻ħɣ˵ǰָ˵˵߻ħͿʼϲŮ˵·Ů˵Ĵ磬һ콾Ҳӣǿϧ
΢ԼһݣԼʱ˿̻ӦõЩʾǶһߵˮһڡ
ںȲˮʱ򣬺ȻſڴһŮ˵Ц԰һϲŮ·ˣӣǿϧˡ
ԭ˶ѰȥֻſվһŮˣһεʡ
ԭҶ֪ΪʲôʱͻȻ˵ֻȵҰͷתȥʱȫȻˡ
ĲǱˣǽһıƢƽ
£иһڹ۲˲Ҳ˵ס
ˡ
Ҫ˵Ϊʲôλƽг˵
λȻúƯԸƫСӵŮ˵٩ſֻǻϣλǻǽ硣
ҲλƢжˣȻ󲿷ֵ٩˶ģǻ¶ԴҲν
λƽҲ򵥣Ҳֻ
λδ˵Ůӵһ´˾һǡţ
ֻҪֵŮӶһȤûУٱֵһ㣬ҲʵϵЩƲˡ
֮ļƻ
תͷ˻ƽԱΧۻµ˲֪ΪΣͻȻֲĸо
㱼䣬ŻµıӰǸŮװеӣǲ֪ΪοŻͦÿģŵ˶Ȼص˳ǰ¶·ʱ򡭡

156 

¿ŻƽԼķֱֱ˹, ͸ɽһϺµġ
̹׵˵ҲǶδһƻûеģǲҪڱ¶֮ļ**籾ݡȿ, , Щͷû, ѾѺβǺˡ
ʵ, ¾Ҫǻ**籾Ļ̫ܾܲǰǲҪǸһҪ
ƽֱֱĳŻ߹ܵȻҲע⵽󲿷˶߹Ϊʲô
һʲôĪˣҹСˣ
λĹȻסˣǹ⿴ȷʵô, ָݣűӵϸ𪣬ָ޳
ʱ򿴲ͻ˴޵Ϲ, ƽ߹վ, ƺ˵ʲô, ǻû취˵ڡ
һᣬĹĵĵҰɴҿһ𣿡
ΧȻȻľͰ߶Ƶ˻µϡ
Сеɵʵ, һ˵ôܻ˿˾ˡ
ȻһֱʳĴСǺԸ, λСʮֵǮĸ׺常òƸ˵ʲôΥҼ͵Ļ¾ôɵӦҲᱻŶϡ
ҡ˵Χ˶һŮԲͬ, ǰС㡱ƺȽϵͳһֱζһŮԵʮֵĲͬ˻˲ҪһΡ
ͬҲǳһֳִĸо˲Ҫ¼̽ȥССΥ͸жΪһɫ
˾ʲôأ
ʱ˿̲¥󲿷˵߶Ѿˣʵ˵ܿŮ˴ȷʵǸʮ˷ܵ£ֻǰĻƽ֮ϵķߺ޺Ũһ㡣
òڲͬȷһЩʲô
֪ԼαһŮͬԸȷˣԱŵ˶ʵ˷еϣµɴƵ
ǣڲ
ΪʲôڲǿΪⲻ
ǸȻʵǶȴ쳣ִŵˣȻҲոһյļִͬһַ·ģҲＫȲͬĴŴ磬ӶֱӻôһԼġ
˼֮һͷͻͻȻһ顪鷢ƫҪԭΪµ
˵Ϊ¼ԼŻ̤һȻͬķչ·
ȻҲᡣ
ƽϷߺ޵ıһȻҪȥժµɴȷʵҲǸȽϴ󵨵ľٶҲֻСĳˣϾ⡣
ָո˹ȥͺȻԼǰһתۼ䣬ղŻĻ¾͵Աߵһǰ
ٶȿˣ˵۸͸ϵһ֣ڱ˵Уֻһ׷Ʈ˹ȥȻǸ¡Ѿһط
½ûκεİڶǸһ
ΧһӾͰˡ
ʹ˴󲿷ֶҲܿóǰ书ߡ
ҲǲΣһ书Ĺһ书Ĺվǲͬģô˵Ҳڽϴ
ղžƽ˵ڼ˵˵ʱ˿ҲͻȻͣϺȻ¶ɻı鿴˻£Ա߼һֱ˵˴ߴ˵ȥǵûм˵Ǽȵһȡ
Сеôû¶ƽָŻ˵
Ҳ̫ʲô¼˵
㣬㣬㻹˵㲻֪ƽָŻ£˵ˣȻǲ˼Щ˵ڵģҲûдߴһֱȣԱи˿ȥˣ߹Իµλлú˵㿴˼ұ㼱ʲôˣ
԰Ǻú𡣡
תͷĿһۣʱ൱ģ䲻ϲµʱб˴
˵úú˼أǼ˲ʲô죿
һۿȥ̹ǣʹ͸һɴȰǼ˷·𶼸ִ̹ܵǵĺ⣬ղǸ˵ʱĺɫȫһ
еʶľ;ˡôǰ˷ȷ黹죿
һʱҲ벻ԭɻҲͱ
ƽڱػСһŮһֱŵĹʵԵġ״Ավ˼ʿ˵Ҫƽ˵ɴժ
Ȼ˼뿴ɴ˼Ͳ֪ˡ
ȥƽ֪ǰ˭æֹκѾ˹ȥڡ
м˵ʵͦԳƵһˡҲûεֻǼ򵥵㣬ЩҲܸٶȣ󲿷ֶֻǱκġ
Աŵ˿ļİ籾԰Ӧǿ¶¶氡
㿴Χ˶һת˭ǲɴⲻͰ׳
µ񣬴ҾӦøǰһѻԱи˶Ǹ˵ʹ˸ɫ
˵ᣬװɫӺ˭Ҫ
һɤʵ֣Աкü˶һ£˵˵ĸأ˵Ҳֻͣǵ˭Ҫٳȥˣ
ôһסûǸŰɴġЦˡ
˵˵˵Ǿ
ʲô˵ʡ
ֻ·
뿪ɡ˵˵ȥڲûȤĶ
֮Цһ¡
㲻ߣĻƽ˺ͼˣˣô죿
Ů˵ڹŴҪôزöˡܻƽǸŮΪԼǲһеƴһ£Ҳ˲׼ġ
±ûߣĻƽҲʱˣﻹݵĸоѾΧ˵θڣʱժɴҲûʲôˡ
ŻƽժԼɴʵɲҡ
һǡ
ʱǸ۸ϵĶӾ̫Ķܻڸߡǳûⷴǲ֪֪ڳһƬž
ʵŵ˶û˼½Ĵ磬Ƕûˡ
ժߵǱ̨ǣ㿴looklookҵôȰױǸֱ𣿡
ڱȫζ

ŵҲĿɿڴĿŻ¡
ȷʵỪǰԼɴժˣҲ¶˻ױ
ǣǣǡ
һҲﰡ

157 Ϊ˭

컪´·Ȼе, ۿʽνȫȫŮװˣһ˴ôһ·ڴܿԸ, ǻ´ôһ, ȻûɶΥ͸С
˵Ҫ·ʵǸŮ˵·, ͻ绹ͦ, ۳žǸͦÿġ˧С
СӺòʹ۲֪ǾԲ
Ŵ󲿷ĿеͲͬһ֣ŵеʲôأǴžҪοһ籾𡭡
ʱһᵽ˴Ů˵·ʶ뵽Ļ籾Ĵ磬ȻϷԹУͨϰ˭෴񾭲ĸʻһ㡣
͡Ů˵·, ȻͿĻڵģ˿֮;ֿ׵֣ǲŴ󲿷ĿеġŮװС
֮ǰŸµָʾǴŮ˵·, ȻٰϵױͿŨһ㡣
ΪͳһӦòʲô, ѹûȥµò, в˻˼Ż¿Ҳ̫ϲñ˿ĳҲûҪһۡ
ٿµò˶ɵ, ˵¸˸ֲ
°ɴժ, ôؿ˻ƽ롣
ӵʱ㹻ûƽɡǰ˲Ǹơϲˡȫҵ˼ˡ
̶̵ӵʱﻪе̵ģ˵ֱǸСһãȽ⻹Լı̬, »˭
ԶȻƽ̽һԴǸԴʶŵͬ£Դ¶棬֪Ϊθûȥ
Ϊ磬Щʵĳ˸ǸžǡİɣЩү㰲ŵ׵ģʲôòġ
ϤµЩͬǸˣǼĬ˼롣

ֿۻµ
ⲻ԰
Ȼ֪ﲻԣǲ԰۳ž͸ĿеĻһ
ȻŵԽź¾Խر׵ȥǡ
״УҲΪͷ˰ŵ֮⣬ûǰһ磬ֹλһСı˺ʷȻٸɳʲôɥĲ顣
֮ûһôףȻҲǹ飬˵΢ÿһ㣬±˶̬Ҳ̫˰ɡͼ˵һÿı̬һͨı̬̬Ҳǲһġ
Ի½ױʵǱֻġ
ţžԲܴ̼״еֻ̬ġ״̬µĻ»ô覴õױ϶ʲôë
ĿǰһվֱǸԴ۹ƼܵСһ˭˭üֱڷ⡣
һǵûǸֶʮֺɱ֣Իû˸ҹȥʲô
¿ŶĻƽԴղſʼһֱĿŻ¡
׼ȴϴһţʾ֭һϲŮװ򻹲ı̬ӦҪôɢԼı̬֮顣
˵һ£йһ֪ʶǴС˵õġߵָһ¾ǴԽǰĳⷽ淢չΪٵվٲǴӵӰõġ
˼һ£Ȼ֮ǰĳӰ棬ĳΪеͬ־ԼòϲҲǴƯƯĸ󿴡
ţȻӰǸιʺıǾȲ˵˵¡
ɵϱӵ״ҲԼƯƯ£һ׶״мֱ͸ѿŮһϲ¾ǴˣȻԼ
Ȼ״ûѿŮôܴǲһֻҪģͺܿģеĴĺõĻӶġ
뵽ƺҲ˵㡰СҲԼġۡģʽ
Ȼǣ˻ƽ֡
ƽֵһ˲䣬¾öԷܶһ£¾ԼܰѶԷŵˣҲĪǿġ
ûУԷѾŵˡԼĴĻôġ
˶ΪȥǣƽЩ⣬ȴĿѻƽĴԼ۾Ϸ
ǣŶԷ֣Լš
Ӹʵı΢Ĵ
һǣŻƽִԼһЦţĿڶԻƽ˵𣿡
ϵǣ˵ĻǸԼ֤òŮӣȴͳǿչȵϪϴЦҲƴ޵Ц
ʱĻŵиƽʱĻѾȫغˣƽʱĻºҲôЦţƺҲǺЦ
ǸƽʱĻ²ͬǣʱĻļֱһֹԣۣһǿһ޵ĳļš
˿ԻĨЦУȴ˲ݺӡ
ʱĻ˵ĺǹԹŻ˵Ļ
ЦЦۣǷ·ռȫȴҲһ˿Թĸо
ΧȫɵĿţȴҲ˵ʲô
úõĳŲأͻȻԱǸ·ĹȻǸеģǽѾԵˣֱӵ
¼ƽöû˵ǳЦ΢΢˾䣬
һһԸЩӣȴڶŪһŮһڶŪԼľ
ŮʱѾֲ̫塣
ӶзЩͳ˵ʱϵζҲƮ˻ƽ㵹һŮӻѬ㣬˻õ㣬ģŵľʵζĲŨңҲ𣬵͸Ź˵Ĵ̼
ĻƽѾ𾪵У¾ѾԼɵˡ
Ϊ½ַԼϵһ˲䣬۾Ȼŵϴ
ܴӶԷ۾пԼ
¾ҩҪ¼ҩɴԼ̬ģġ
ԼһȦİѻƽַ¡
ֵһ˲䣬ĻƽͻȻѹһ͵İԼֳ˻ȥ
ٶȿˣ̵һ
ŵ˴ʱ˿Ѿȫɵˣȫֱ㶵վ˵ղǲôһ˿Ծô۳ķչѾͨѸյҰһ񱼶ȥȶȲ˵֡
ĸоֿտյվţһƬհס
ֵһǣʱɾԼһëûءûоӣô֪ԼǸʲôУΨһľǺԼ״ίƴı֡
Ϊһ˷ģƽƺҲڷӦ˹
Ͱ͵ĵ㣬ǣΪ˭𣿡
µ۾£ؿ˻ƽһᣬЦһ£
ǰɡ
ΪһŮˣ
šţţȻ᣿
ͻȻɵۣôΪһŮأ

158 

ͻʵǰѻ¸, ˫һĳûжԵ粨ʲôطʲô
ؿɲܼ򵥵Ļشǰɡ, Ĭһ, Ϊʲô
ʵܾ粻̫, 仰ʵҲǳ̽, ôһʣĻƽʵڶˡ
ǻôԼһ
Ӧֻǳ˰ɣûʲôϵ
ôҲδûаοԼľٶΪһһֱŮаٺϻʢǼǳµ顣
תһΪһŮ˵ҲûʲôԵӡĻڵĲΪ״в
Χ˻ƽĻʶ˼һٿı, ˵ı־ǲÿɷ
ûȷķϣҲûȷĳϡһԸһ
ĳЩкȻðһЩֵͷΪڳҲȷʵ̫, д󲿷Ҳû̫¡
ϾΪһ˶Ѿ˽֪, Ϊ, ˻ƽһʲôʡ
̹׵˵ڼ֮ǰĿжиŵӡ
Щӡڿ󶼱ƷˣٲȻֻʣһ, ͸
ǰһ뻹ԻƽЦӯӯ, ת۾һһ˶͸һҪʲô
Ϊƺһӵֲ²͸ȴҲЩһ˵սľ
ûɵģƺ˲ôˡҲûĸ˾öġڴ󲿷ֱǲ˼ġ
Ϊڸոʮǰ, ˵ڸҽģʱв˶Цš
һУҲͬŵһߴĵһĹ۲졣
ԣΧ˶ڻµ̬Ҳڿ־塣
⣬ȴû˱ᣬǻڲײ˼ΧΧ
ΧŵﶼһֵͷĪģ˵֮ǰ·߸˵ˣ
ֻлԼ֪ŵ뷨ȷʵʲô˵ϱӵϷͬ飬ʱԶԶûôº͡
˵ڣ´ϲļ·ȥٻϲױݣʲôһվ¾;ǰ˾Բڵˡ
඼ֵﰡ
͸ղŻƽǸŸϣԼ˵ģΪ˵ȷʵһ㲻̫õźš
Ҳֻܼϣڻµϣϣܰյסʧ̬ķչҪʧȥ
ԼڸһȦȻӽһֻڿĿȸĴɢԼĺɶɡȻ¾ԼҲȲôģҲֻ¶ļˡ
ŶĻƽվЩ飬ǼȻûһֹͺȻļԼ뷨ˡ
Ȼ¿֪ܲ᲻ֹǱҽ̬
ոջģ̬ȸһµĻƽƺһ£Ĭ˰죬󿪿ڵ㡭ôģ
ƺڿһ̫̼˵
¿˸˵ӵĵҪĶడʵһһˡⲻ֪ڶ˼һЦӯӯ᲻ʲôµ˼ҲˣǶŻƽǴͷЦβ
ⲻֱӻشҲܲش𣬼Ȼƽˣ¾;áӡ̬Ȼشˡ
ɱЦӯӯӣ˻ƽһ䣬Ƿ𣿡
ƽһ㶡
ôǷأһЦŶԻƽ˵ڵ״ôô˾ò̫Ծ
Ǻ˲ͣظԼûһһһҲظԼǷӣʱĻ¿ͺô״
ǰ˵¼ŵ˶ûֹԼԾԼ˼ôˡһˣҪôȱģ³һӵأ
ⱲӸǴ򽻵Ļܶ࣬˵ȫȫ˽ķҲôһ硱Ȼ״ڻģֻҪƯ·ʳܻȥӣǸոմԽĻ¿ĸַܵζ
һԭΪһ֣Ҳ˼᷸һëڽӴһİʱǻʶһԼϤȥģ¡
ʱ˿̻ģµĶ硣
ϱһŴ顭
´ʱ˵ʮ΢ģҲ˵ڵǸпӶ໹ƽӶࡣ
ȫȫͬˣǿ˫̤ͬͬһ·ڻµﻹôһ˿صģһλڻ￴š
Ӹղſʼ綼·ѾΪһͣһ˵¹۲Լϵÿһ¡
ʵͻȻϣͣ˼ˣǳϵ粢ûС
ûиܴĻĬһеķ
ʲô˼ĬĬ²۵֤ٻһҲҪô
ĳִ׽͸
û裬ҺʲôЦ󿪿˵
Ҳڷ֮ﻰ֪ǰһл֮أôˣνһ֣վӲ
˵ϲ𣿡
˵⻰ʱ۳žѾǳˣΧʹڿҲԹԵı첻˵˭ûнһ硣
עصĵ޷ԼͬղŵǾ仰Ҳ˸²⡪ûزŷġ
޽⣬ӹжΪַշ񡭡ȻĿǰĻ˵ֻһ嶼ûУİ£ٲȻԼ̸˦˵ĸоˡ
ʵϸ룬ϱӵ޷ҲǸŮӰˣԹʫԹʫЩŮûʲôֻͬݰûջʲô
Ҳûָյ
ǡô˵أѾϰˣΪԼû̸йķǴļлȡġݸ飬֮¶һֿ񾭲̬ȡ
ϵʮͷµСƨ˭ڱЦ磬Ȼ粻˵ʵ֪ģȻҲļ￴
ⱲӲ̸飬˼˵Щʱ˿㱼·ԼΪͬһˣǰǲ¥ϱȥκһط
ҲĬš
ֻԱΧ۵ŵڵζӳ£һ˿˵ĸо
ϡǵεĿӦǹɢı̬ġ
ʼգ¶ϸһ̬ӡ
ǣΧķòƺĲһΪʲôΧûķӦΧûһ˵ģֻﾲؿš
ͽǡ˵᲻ĸо

159 Īɱ

¥֮һƬ, ĻƽϵġΪǿҵġ
ƺİˡ
ӵĸȾǿľˣ˶ܵʹ, е΢һʱҲѾе, еⷽ沢ûʲô˴ʱҲᵥľеµûš
ģĳ, һܹá, ôһһһ޶ˡ
˵ǰǻ᲻ķһЩķ⼸˵Ȩ
ȻȺ֮кȻ˸ߺһ䣬Сģ磡ҪƲסˣ
һȥΧ˲ŻȻ
԰
Χ˲֪ΪͻȻ;˹簡
ղǸվƿЦ˼µһɱ, Ǹ־ͿֹСҹ硣
ΧѸٳΧɢȥѣвﻹƸոôһ㾯˼û, Ǳһ
ĳڴ֮ͥƿЦվ, ´Ѿ˺˰, ˭վϽ֣²ǲҪˡ
Ǹղſʱ򣬴ƺֻܸܵŨصİ, ÿ˶е, ʹˣִһʱǷ·ǰӵġ
ôأӺôͬأ
˶ɢӿʱֻһû, Ǿǻƽ
֪˻Ǳŵòӣʹվԭأֻа֮ң
ϵǣôľ£ɸо̫ǿҵɱʹԷѾҪʧˡ
ûƽһ˿ɻȴҲĪķһ˵ζ
⣬ǻƽĸܹڷʱ򻹲ȥɱ˵ķӿûмǰͷһۼģǶԷǽӽڷҲǸӡ
ĸ߻ħ˻ᵥһ˿һЦģǵĿ޺ЦſֲѪȡ
ƽʱƺƴضſͣһ£Ǽ֣ߣ
˻ƽ֮˼ڵ״̬о£Ϊ뿴ֶۼ˴ʱҲɢˡֶˣǴʱ˿ӵöôľвԡ
ƽԥһᣬƺҪһٶԽԽӽ㡣
Ⱥ˵ʱ򣬰ݵľľĻﳤ̾һ
Ȼֹ»ҰĿǰ˵ܲĿȨһǻ¾Լ΢һЩԸ
͵»°ʱжԼԸྶֱͥӴĵΪĳˡ
ڻҲŸŵλˡǸǰݣֳҲ˵̫
֡Ǻָ̲ζǾԲֵܳģһ˼Ҳܰ˼ҸŪȥ
Իֻܾģ˵
ǻǼʶԺоͲʱķԵȷԼֵĿǰΪֹǾû̸ĴģӰӵġҲֻѵˡ
Ҳýİݸ˳˵ôݵôԭѹû˼ңǸղôһ̼е㲻ˡ
ڱһҪһа£ʱȴȻŵڸʹɫ
ţʹɫ֮û취˼ĻһʱҲ벻⵽ʲô˼ʵѾЩԾˡ
ڵκƻõѹǱ۰
ʹɫϣ¿
Ŀǰû¼վһҲûˣлӳƻŵ˱뷨һֹ
¿һ㶣˵ұݵʲôԼͦɹء
õָʹ²ԼʲôľٶǱ뿪ˡ
ղŻصЦͻȻһӾûոֻΧ˵ļž˵ļžǰֻ˾ѹ֣ȴ﷢ë
ΣҲûжΪʼûжھòҪٶˣҶס
ǿȺм䵭ĻΧһȦһͬһĺ䡣
͸ոյĸоͬƺһֱʲôҰ޶ϵĸо
˶ס˺󲿷˵ĿһֱڻƽϣĿǰվλ˵˻ᵹùôһǻƽ
ϵǣվ￴һƽȻ˴룬ʲôûת뿪ˡ
ת뿪һ˲䣬Χ˶ֽٺĸо˷̾ƽվŸոȥǰ硣
һֱ󣬺ûɢʲôǿҵɱҲ֤Ӧòûɱġ
һһɱûɱģ˵ȥ𣿶ɱֻǸ˵ˡ
ƽû˵£Ϊ¼ʹ˵˱Ҳŵģֻ˻ٶԶɱΧ
תҪ뿪ȴԼ߲ʱŷĽƺѾˡ

ûȥʲôĵطڴӲ뿪һ˲ȥŸһȫݡ
һղһʵҲе㲻ܣЦʱ̫·λˡֻǵΪòܡ
ȣȽӴˣ˶Ѿòˣοء
ڰȫһ˻ͼԼõ̬г˴ˡ
ʱ˿ѾĲĻ¿һϴƽЦʣղұݵô
ʵԼݵĺܲԾǰϱӱ˵̬ݵģ˭˵ⲻǱɫԸ˭
ŵǸ˱ƺЩֵֹģ˻ºüۣģģĵҲ̫ˣֻպ󿴿
ɶ˼룬ݵѵʲô

Ӳ¥ĻƽһΡ
ƺֿ˰磬ɺվţü۶ǰ·͸һģһ
ȻôһЩͬġǰ粢ûдһŮӵ·Ҳɸɾվ
ЦſһŮˣŮ˱Żƽȴ硣
ƽӱϡŮ˴һɫ·͸ϴһģһ
ǿʲô
ƽԺ䲢֪ԼΣܾԼʲôһĵȴԼξȥ
ʱһǸŮƺЦЦȻ󿪿ڶϲ𣿡
ƺ˵Ļһģһ
ƽξܷ⵽ʲô壬ͺȻ˴˯оѡ
ͷԼǰһѷĽ
һ⡣˵ʲôӦǸӣʱ򡭡ɱô

160 С

˸, ΪרſĽֵûйǼµĿ
ȥ˸һС̯ϳͣڼ̸۵ĸָйڸ, ̸˵, ûд̸, ǸһС̯ϵĴ󲿷ֶֻͨ, ڽϵ鲢ôĹġ
ôʱͻȻ˵һµĽ͡
˵ϳ˸ֻͣ£Ըᣬر˧
Ա߳ŲҶĻºȻͣ⻰ϡһϤζ
, ˵ͳңһǧ𡣡Աһ˼˵˵رǰս궫ǵǸ, ȥˡ
һǧ𡭡ƶǻĻ, , ëϣԺЩǮҪ׬ͰааˡӰĻƺ˼ʲô˵Ķ
ڴһǰ»ڸпͨվе룬ͱֳ
ϸ۲ͻ̸ᷢĶŮ, ҶŮӡ
, ܿԣѾɳΪһ²ոˣũ¼˸жˮͬʱﻹôһ˿ˬ
զͻͨ˺ͽ˵ƳΪ̯ϵ̸أ
һߵĻ²òвʵʶȻе, ƮƮĽͶǴ
ƫŵĹҲͱ̯ŮóݵĿ̸Լˣ¸пţҪŵʱȴȻֶ·λƽС㡣
ϵǣƽڵɫΪ԰ף۾·صĺȦ˵ѵǱŵȻûжλͷŶɱֻǿ˵㰡
ƽЩήҵ˸ϣھԼЩͷۣû˯µĺ֢
ʱһ峤ӺȻļһЩ飬ûƽоЩܣʹԷֻһЩǳ򵥵⡣
ƽڻԷΪʲôЩ⣬Ǹ뿪֮ȷʵҲ˼˺ܾãΪЩȻϾ;֣ȴûеõġ
ȣΪʲôϻûкǿҵɱƽ˵ûУһ㣬ǽеЩɱҲǳġ
֪ΪʲôҲûʧأΪһԣѾǷʧصıԵֻҪһЩ̼ͻʧأǾĹ۲죬Щûϳ֡
ƽļҲֻһˣ滹źܶ˺ȻǼ²ûһ˷֣˼ϢĽǼҵġ
´ӽֵĶ۲ŻƽСģţʮֵ࣬ƽǴֵӣոմӽֵ߹Ҳûκһˣ˵ʲôϾģϴŵǸֻſʮӡ
ףֲ﷨ΪʲôҪô棿
ƽСϣΪֵ븽¥ܽ鱨Ҳн˵ĵһѡ񣬿ԥˣΪ֮ǰһ⡪
Լͳ¥ߡ
Ȼ¥ϢΪȫǲܱ֤Щ˸ܲ²ҪʲôƽʵҲǼ⣬ŪǸ֪ҪʲôʲôķӲһĵط
¿Żƽҡڲվһ󣬾Ȼֱӳ߹ˡбһ˵Īδ֪ĸӦˣ
ⲻ֪ƽֻǳ̫ûԷ˵ʹҽ̺ϣҲҹһ˼ɵֻ̫࣬ǽ˸С̯ӡ
սŵĵһۣһۿڽĻ£˵ĴʹŶ̯ϵ˸룬µǸһַǳϤĸо
˰ƽҲûϤĸоôģֻתͷҷ£ʼ͡
¿һķСҶף˵ĿζҲ֮ԵԵ
ƽŷĹҲûһǼµ׸ô죬ˣ¥ǲȥģǾֻабˣ⸽¥ֻЩ֯Ҫҵһܹ¥Ტ۵鱨ſ»ЩѶȡ
ʱȻ˼ˣɨһȦ֮׼˽Ļ£ԣȻǰá
Щ˶ͨˣ·ƺһЩСҲǽˡ
ôĽͻȻۼһϣȷʵټġƽһ˲;ܵʲô¡
һ˿ڵĵһ仰ǣϴ㽻ǵѾˣ
ԱںĻƽһڲȥ
Ҳ̫ç˰ɣ
Ǹ˾ȻЩ˵ϴ󰥡ʵҲ̫ˣƽп˲òడ

±ľȻĿǰϴк
˶дˣֻǰкϴһŨصķ˰֮ϾԷǶĳģԳƺЩͬҲǺ
ֻÿζԷôһУ¶ִԼѾΪ˺ڡ̸
Աи͵ĸλĳСһȭС˭ϴأ
ôһ·Բʮ֮л书˶üȻԲʮڵĽֻлƽС㣬ʱõġ
һĳҲȲѵģΪ·ǲһЩ¸еȣͨڿСԲҶСĩһ
±˫ֽߣһ˼ŵˣļˣ鶼ˣ
ǵϴ󣬶ŪˡļС书ûԴĵزֻС˵ֻڶһҪٿǮܲܵλˣǮλ²С
ԱߵĻƽ۾
ϾһЩɢ˻ԼһСȦӣͨһЩάƣǡھ֡ĳΡǰϴ󡱺Ծ֮һ⿴ֵµȺˣʵҲСпܾǸȽͷĿ
¥¢ϳ鱨£ƽҲ̫࣬ǰ˾Ѿˡ
һƽֱΪǻˡûֵҰŮƽд󲿷¶ֱţֱ׼ޱȡ
öԷԭ򡭡ܽڶԷ졣
Ǯܲܵλ¶ԷҲǸˣȻСҲ׬Ǯôš
һµĻ㱨
ֻڶǱӪҵ֤²ôţǮܲܵλǮֻҪλ˿Ҳ⡭
Сָ

Сꡪ͵ı˲ţǵĿںžǲҪãѪʹֺ񣬵ǾԲ»ꡣ
˼άݽߵĻ벻˲취ͻȻðһԶԼȻʲôȽܻӭǾɴڵĿζ
ͷĻֿ˸С꣬ΪӪҵ֤ͷ۵ʱͻȻԱߵĻƽ˹
˲±ơ
Ҫϳ𣿲ɣɾȻ͵ĵط

161 ֵ

ƽߵλ, ѾĵЩ, ԱЩСҲؿ˵ˡ
ƽ֪ԼΪЩ³ç, µʱȥҸѯ鱨, ҲҲ
ӸղǼ˵ĶԻпڶһİɡƽһ, һߴԱӺ
ĸһ㣬Ĺ۲쵽ǸòȻǷǳϤȴ벻ǵ࣬ӦǸΪ侲ȵˣʹǵһμҲøСƽĪİԼöԷ춼鹦˷½䱸һϡ
ԱߵļСһãȻĿ»㱨, ʱȻӸŮˣ˰Ӿôˣһģǲ֪롣
Ů˭
һڻǸ߲˺Ȼûƽе, ϸһ, Ȼ췢ڳĴ¡
, Ȼºźû͵й飬ʵȷʵһˣڻ˵, µҪԻҪٸһ
ܿ, Էͻ˻ƽ֡
˻ڲ¥棬͵棿Īǡ
и棬ĻҲƺʲô͵̧ͷ, дļ֡
ҲǣûУ
м̸̸ƽ²֪ԷҪ̸ʲôһû뿪ǾͱСδİ֮Ĳʵˡ»ºͻƽ档
ЩŵĿŻƽʵҲ֪ԷǸģĪǡûףƽʣһ𣿡
ôһ˵²˹龪һԭǰھֵˡ
ֻҪûϳͺð졣ֻƽӲż磬ͻȻ
¥ڸڽְͻȻ߹ʽӲӻǲǮ벻¥ɱˣɻ룬Щɻأǻ±Լİ֮ģ˵ԡ
̫ˣƽ˷ܵĵҲһ¡
֪ʲôķϻûɱ𣿡

ʲôķϻûɱһãȻţǿ϶ǡûķӰ
ֱ꣬ûЩ֪롣
лƽʵǼ⣬ǻƽȷʵû˱ֳ̫Ȥǻ¾ΪֱӳԼˡ
ʲôķڿҪʧصҲɱˣʲôķӺһǡ
ȫ̶Χŷת
⻪֮ǰȷʵûпǹԭҲַ֮ĲͬǺһġ
߹һһֵ¥ĸһһϤĳϱ顣
ƽôʣǾͱȻһɱˣȫɥʧǵķӡôǺ͡żܿסԼķӡ֮ʲô
ڻµĸƺеķյ³һ򼫶ȵķȻһҲĽ֡
֪ʶһЩ֪ʶһЩνĳʶʵǴļлõġ
һֱ¥
ƽСʵⲢԴʲô֪ǵԼϹģô¶Ҳе֡
Ϊʲôȫ˵ķӺͲûȫ˵ķأ
ûᵽǣĸǻи飬ʱĵصǰܱһֺܳ顣
ģϱʲôʲô˺ľٶûǿҴ̼ǲʲôӦһֱڶԷߴšȻⱲѾԼӺһε£Զ˵ѾЧˣһͿҪ衣
ַӾȻԷֿԴ𡭡¾Լƺһ˵ϱҲȷʵǲ׵ģȻǱȣ֮ǰҲǹԮҲµˣȴǴжһʣ
ʱһҲкôġ°̾һ׼һһʣȻ࣬Ƿӵıȴ٣ҪһˣЩڻ¿ʮһӾܽ
ֻϣʱ򲻻ᱻ־֪ʶǳͺá¿ЦֺȻԼͨѯ⡣
ȵȣٵȵȰɡ룬ƺܱ¶̫Ķ̫
Ż¾߹¥Ĵţģ˽¥ϻﲻûЩ۲¥Ǯ;ֻǺá
תͷ¸ڽֹսǵδ뿪ļˣһһֱһֵŻ£ЩãȻôʲô
ϵǣڻڲòƻʲôڶ֪飬ǰ⼸Ƿӵ˾Ͳ֪һᣬ˵Ҹķʿ
˿ԼƺٽܳˡҪ뿪ʱոǸֵʣƽСҪȥ𣿡
ţ԰ôҲǸʦˣСĹӶˣӦɼȥġ
˵˾䣬˹ȥɡȻ뿪С
֮ʣµļΪ֣иʣȥȥ˭
ҪȻˣšи˴˵
õѣýҲûʲô飬ҲһȥˡԱһ˵
˵꣬ͱǸ߲һԴһ£ȥ𣿿ضĳ˺;˹
ߵͨͨɵۡ
½Ҫǿĳ׬Ǯģ˺;ڶĳݼͨ׵˵һʲô˳ǧǸʰȥ˸ҪͻȻɹŮ˰
ȻеãȻǳȥ˶ĳȥѰλ˺;ˣƽڽֵţȻиС̯֧·ߣһ飬ʱиԽĿ»죬¾Ǹѧп˶ʱſ֧С̯
ЩĴ˹ȥʱע⵽̯һ֡
壬ͨǧġ
ģٰƽֿҪһ
Ҫָİ£˵Ź̸ԡ
㱼䣬ƽȻǸΣ˸޴Զ
ʵǮ˵Ҳ⣬Ҫͦ˼ġƽĬĬ˽ȥʣϰأ
һû뿪Ӱ͵ĽסͷˣǸղźͻС̯ļ֮һ
ղŲż棬ôһˣ

162 İķ

дѯ˻漸, Դƹ˻֮󣬷Ƕɢ˿, ÿһȺӵ߶Ӧһʵ㹻ǿǵ, ҲΪ˷ͻɥĲ
ʵ̫ļ񾭲, ͸ɴһصֻһ, ȻٷһûˣûԼĳ񾭲ԺԺĸо
ԻɸİɣǶڱ־ϡٵĻ˵Щͷ۵Դ룬Լ򻨴ŵĶԲԱ䡣
ĻΪ÷Ҳи԰ĵطűģĻȻҲһ
ĳ»Ŀ˵ǸϺ, ΪִĿѲŴô࣬Ȼĵػһ㡣
Ŵͷ۵һ¾ͨѶ⣬ϧ²ѧͨŶѧ, ʹѧͨӦҲ㲻ôùҵǰ
¼ĳź׼ĵĵȴ, ֱ, ΪҪȥŵ˱ȽϺá
Ҫ˵Ϊʲô漰ҲǻԼĶ½һЩҲӦõġ

λоȻ˵Աߵļ˿࣬иС˵᲻ŮϴǸ
û˵, Ա߾˶˸˵, λжǲĸ֣һֱڸŻƽȴļ˸Ҳ
ҲˡԱи˵ʣµͽ˺;˰ɡ
λӶĳǰĸִʱδûа֮, ֻǶЩ鲻ʣǲܹ֪ݵ¡
ŻƽȻȥܶˣһ¶ԷδܵݣòҲǲԽܵ顣λּĸţƽ͡
ڸһʱǺȻЩԣǾλƽСòĸżͬڻֺܸ֯߳ˡ
ô£
飬λֲûб¶ԼݣֻǾظȥ뿴Щ˵Ҫʲô
ƽ˼ЩһԼոսǼ꣬òǼµ꣬Ŀǰ뷽跨֡Ȼڻƽ˵ص㣬˼صԼôͻȥԼ
ˡҲеû𡣻ƽ˼һ룬ȻЩ飬ԼμĹȥ˺ȷʵ̫ãԷǸĽɫ
ʱһҪдε㣬ģ㣬˸ϲ˭ʹ˶²͸
ڻƽִʱȴڿԼйΪʲôԭΪֻǱϴŮѣڷ񲢲ô򵥣ǵ˼һǰ˾ǵʲôˡ
ȻйΪʲô򵥵鰡ָпţ֮ǰĹȻ̫ǳˣȫûп͸ı⡣
Ȼ˾ǴˣһҪԶĶ࡭￪ʼĬĸпͬʱһ߹۲ŵǼˡ
ôֲϺͨ˵κβ𣬵ϸͻвһջ
һ˵ıǼƺôһССĺ룬ڱǼλԵüִ˵ظУһλ˴Ŷ񣬽Լڸ
ȺнһλŮԣ޵ò˵ıȴʮֵ䵭
˵ʲôͳ˲ͬĵطǴžͷܳҼûʲôװ磬ֻ˳˼ϣĲס
λֵעֻ˵ղȥǼҲײΪƽͻĳʥ֮ĹϵŴӶĳλ֣λֱĲ˵ڻֵط϶Ѿͷǻˡ
Ǽһ۾˳ӣ
ӸŻƽСʲôǼŪĵ㡣ڻĸ߲˵⸽ķǼ֪һаڵĵΪ˱ȡůۼ֯Ҳˮɱ˿ħۼ֯˼һȦǰȴһ
İķӻ˽Ǹǻ˵Ĵ𣿼ʹϢԼųģǶʱھЩӻһ˲ˬ鰡˼һᣬҹ˾ʱ֡
⸽ǻһ˴򲻹ԼɴԱ߹۲˵Ķ˳㿴ʹõʲô
۲ĹУƺͬʱһʡ
ǰӡǲ̫һ㡣
ָоأһɽһɽĸоһ˵ƽﾭЩǻʱĻɽĻǰ侲ļӣżɢһЩϤĸоǼֲʲô
ĵһҲһЩĪ뷨Ǳ˵УͨҲѷǵĺۼźͶˣֻȺͷӳϦദ˲ôһֱ
鿪ʼ˼ˡ˼һᣬûκԥľͰϢ˻µ
ΪͬǴٶȱȽϿ죬ʱͳȥģյˡ¼ϢʱҲһ㶡
׼ȷ˵һ㶣һ˸㽶Ƥˤ˵ľŸС
ֻ뱣һ¹ѣɺ𣿻ԭ򣿻롣
ܿ뵽֮ǰƽǼ⡣
ѵˣѵƽĲ̽ԥһᣬԼȥ¹һȺİķӣΪĳӪϴ󣬿϶޷βܡ
ǻµҲ˹ȥŻµĶӡǳ
ǼһջСȻûлסĺõģѡ˸ûʲô˵λȾͷķλãƺڿСŴڸС
һأǶһеǸŮ˵Ŀǰȷ𣿡
֪һֱڳҾķӶһһҡҡͷ
һŮ˾
ҾҲһԱһҡҡͷ˵ʲôоƺ˵ʲôԣȣǸˣǱŵַȴΪֲ
á𣿺Ӵ
˵ʱ򣬴еӰϢȫ˺ڰ
ʲôʲôСһ˼һ仰ĺ壬仰ֱһϢ˵ĻЩ顣
ΪʲôˣΪԼȷʵǸˣǱŵķ񡭡˵ͬ־аɣܣҪڳһӲˡĬĬ²۵
ٵȥƺ޲¾Ϊǿ
Ｘڽ̸ķӺȻһЦǻ룬ЦƺǹΪϸĿȷʵһ˶ûУֻϵ͵ıһ¡
ǸЦ˸Ϊ
˵𣿡

163 ѧϰò

˼ʹǷ, ʱ˿̶һëΪĿǰ̫ײˡ
Һ, ûй, ǴȱӰȥٵǿߡ
ƺֻһȥ, мϺȻ˸ˡ
һſ׵, 糺˫ۣƺ޵ЦŵģĶţпЦڵһʱ䶼Ǹѧʶӣ˵һ
ΣȴֳӽȻͬ, ôһ˿֮⡣
˿ӵĵһ˲ƺֵĻһ룬Ǹղûע⵽Ӱﻺλͬ, Ÿʵ, һ˵һ˵, ʮȻĸһ裬Լһ
˲ͷΪ˵ʹԭ˿Ҫسӿ¶, Ǹղһ˿һûв, ôڴأ
ϸ۲˵ı飬ţ£, ֮С
Щ˵̾˿
ȻǷݶ﷨ɸĦ˹Ǵʲôɫڡ¶˵óվȱһЩ
ʻ޷ҲѶڻһ㶼İƵѶ֪һԼûԹûôɥĲ񡣵ȻĿǰиֱӵİ취ͷ㹻ɱһɱı£˵ӶòѣӶ׳
Ȼ´ʱ˿̲ôһһ͸˼ҸôǺò״˼ѵķӣ´½һ˶ܺӷС
ٴ̼ˡҪ¸ѵķȥҡ°Ե˵ͷӹ˵ݹһ裬ƿǲҶСһڡ
ţζԣȻ㣬Ȱٲǿˡ롣
ֶ⼸˲ûϳӣ˼뷨
һʼΪԼᱻ̵ģϾԼѻƵͬʽ΢͸¶ȥ͸¶Ķ¥׹ۣĿǰǰ˲ûС
һʱ֮䣬ð롣
һ¥ϢصϢֻڲͨû¾Щ˼飬Ϊ¥Ӧ̴ģĿǰϢûдģ
ǰҲֻڻң˸ûǹ費Ҫ֪¡
֣Ŀǰһֿܸ׵㣬ΪǰȻǻ˵Ĵڣκһ֯ʵҲԲڿԼŪڻˡ
ɻϴ׹ۻȥû¥͸¶ܣһ֪ܡЩɱأȵȡͻȻ˸µĲ룬׹۲Ϊ˱ܰѵʱڳɱֶɵ˰ɣ
˻ͼСʲô
һʱ֮仪ͷЩͷҲֻһģĳ档
ºԱ˵İʵ˶˲Сѹǻ¡
ϵ糺ʹϵĺѩ׵Ƥžҹôôï}ˣǼһЦ֮ͻȻǰ
˼λôԼ߳أλɴ˴Ķ֪
ܻµĳʽ죬֮ΪͱǸ졣λǿߵº󰲰Ȳ裬ȻΪº͡
һһеƷ㡣
ǶԷǵӣǶΪǶԷķˡ
ʱһһĹȥƺԽԽţջ̼һλϸ硣
֮еһĽΪ˿˻һۣЦһ˵װŪȻֱӳһͳ˹
ĶºĿõȻһë̵
ʵôϲֶΪ̫󣬲Χ͵ĴеһССĽڣǽ˳ſɹֱֱķɵ׳ǰ״ǽϡ
ĺŲ裬һβ̧ͬͷչ¶һ绨Ц⡣
Цֱ˵ǶңÿŮ˶ȲϣȻʱ˿ЦݿȻ˵Ĺ졣
ϲκɱûԱ˵ɱŨЦݾȴʣµͬʱëȻղųȥǸ׳ͻȻ亹
Ҳϲ³ˡ
ŵЦڻֻʱ·ܴ촽߿Ƿӱʵһǡ
⽫ŵõʱվԭأٶ
ٶһ룬ǶԴһҲɶǸ˻˺Ƭ
˵仰Ǹߵ̬ŵĶ˲豭һڣ·ոյһжûзҲûչ¶Լķһͨͨĸҹӣ⸱ȴ亹
һʱ䣬ǳ֣˫жԵˣȴһ𰲾ĵȴмǸ˺Ȳ裬·ʹڵȴŹӣҪ˲һĶ
Ͷ²ۣǾǷʰ
ڻϾģʱ϶ͻϾӶ࣬ԭ¡ǻʱ͸͸͸͸žͿŮĴˡʱ޸䣬žͿŮĴˡеʱԸųžͿŮĴˡ
¾̫۾ӣԷµʱǰܣ˵Ȱ⼸һ٣˭˭ֻҪ۾ᡣ
ƺһֹЧ˽˵ߴرϲûòˣϲǰ̫ˣҲϲǰֵĴ׵ˣûа취𡭡ºһԼȷʵ24Сʱڱ۾Ķţ͸ɴĬ˼
ڻᷢһֵԻΪģ뾶֮ڵȫֵرòһ͸˹İһ
ղŻ¿ŹʶöԴӵķʽԴˣ֮ʶӦòԼϵķӣ룬Ҳûô⡣
ô׻ءôʣѱ˵Ĳһ滰ǼٻҶصķӣĿǰûʲô˼޹飬Ĳõ˵İ취
ûԿ͸ĵˣֵ㲻㣿У֪ô쵽ġ
˼һȦ󣬾ʱѹԼԭĿģȥѯΪʲôҪŻƽ룬˸˵
ҵĵطİķӴʲô
һ㶣вԼͬһϲֻǵ˵ͷ߶ѣǸŮ˼һ룬ϻش𣬡ǸģĹأûȥݷϣֲܸĻᡣ
ղǸȣŮ˵̬Ⱦò˲ֹһƺ˸ı䡣
áҲû˵ʲôֻǷ˲豭ȻǾҵˡ
ȷƤӵ¡պ¹۲첻ף˵

164 

Ǽסڻ⼸, ǳֵᵽ˻϶һ޶ķ
ķӾۼĲͬǡķҲǱضǣķҲʱ, ȴһĴ±϶Եġǡ
⻨Ǹ˺Ȼ, Լһ޶ķ˴ϵÿһ, ˭
ò͡һ߹, ǵķϣûп۽ǵĺ룬˭벻Ǹӡӱ񣬼ֱ֮ǰ˿ȥҪǡ
ȻҲ˵ûôͱļһֻǷһ㶼Լǲǿһǳʹ, ĻҲҪڵļͥġ
ﲢǴҲǱȽֵһ㡣־ͽ, ֮ǰѼ鱨Ǵ󲿷Ҳסڴ, ﲢûд
סһ, ܽ߸мҶĳӦڻĲҵ, 򶼰ľסڸĳ, ƺǸʲôģҲû˵֡
Ǹ˾ŮǷӻǲǣ⼸һֱ˵ľ⣬ǱΪʲôȥӴλ, ֮ŷ֣ԷĴԶԶĶࡣ
˵̫ˣֵֺĴ˵ǡͬ֡Ҳе̫˵΢˽áòҲ̫졭
λˡ￴ûвķֵġ
ǽҪô죿ᣬ͵͵Ŀʼ̸ҲڼĹ۲𽥷˾衣ĿǰòƶЩ˻ûʲô̫Ķ⣬˵ֻ΢ˣڻۡ
ԭӦȥ׷顭ģڶûа취밡ŮЩǵ˵
ԭĿľȥ׷磬Ȼ˻֮ûһ˿ȥ͸ˣ⼸ջǿʵʵģ˵˱ؾḶ́ȻѰʱ͵
ЩǽӴķǻϵˣлǸˡ
ĽӴǷλòҲܡ棬ǸʮֲԵķӣʹѾӵ˵ǸҲڲǰ
ҵǶ˲һȤǸԶԽݵ˿˿ڣôͷһһڲͬķӣ˵᲻Ҳһߣ
ǵķӱ˴˽һᣬ˫ֺ۵۾Ϊûڻҩ۾ȫ˺ɫ֮۳ԣǵ۾ѹֲ˲ͬ
ĳԲָǵ˵߼ǽ̸鲢Χɱĸĸˣּƻɱ˭ɱ˭ֻһЩ˶ĵĻ⣬ͷǳ˲ˡ
Ǻ˶ֿҲһֱװɵʱʱĳȥ˴һܲû˷ʲôԵĵط
һ𡰴һܡ˲ԼͬĴ˸
ң뵱ǵһθʱе׳ֱȥ˼һȭһûʹͱkoˣǵ˻ϣ֮ǰÿһøӴܵıѪڸԼϵڲ֮ͬȻ󡭡
Ǿͷ⻨Ȼûһܵġ
Ҳһ
Ǿ˹ˣ˵Ϊ˱費ܵȥ㱩£һͼһα¼֤ԼķݣȻ󡭡
ǾᵽΪ˶ˡ
λֻ¶һ°ͳ°ģ֪Ϊ£Ҳǳڿȥ޿޵ĻҪܵǰһ룬ͻȻͬһĳǵı
õһЦյ⡣
Ǵ磬̫ǺЦ￴һּȿֲĵͬʱһ¡
ǸЦĳĬ
ŹһӺ˿˿ڡ
ǸһǸӣÿˡԱǸŮ͵һӣʮֿ϶Ļشһ˿һԥûС
ҲôáʣҲԼͬͬĹ۵㣬ԶӦûǸпƵķӣ
ڴǾԲһЩ̫׵顣ǸŮ˷ǳ϶˵㣬ϸ´ҿ㲻ϴҾͰӳȥǸӷĵܾϲ׵ˡ
˵Ҳһ¡Ǹƫݵ˵ѹ￴ĵطķǲһԭиëϴ󡭡˻ǿʵ̫ˣ治˴ĵطǸ˷֮ǰʲô˰

ǰٲôӵģˣҲ¥ǰߡ
ھѷһǽ֮ĵطĬĬ˿⡣
£ҪСģͬʱҲҪһЩܵĴۡ
粻̫ܳӲĶᷢģ̫ĶҲУҲֻܷ³¯ĸ㣬踺ء
ʲôСëϴ󰡣ҪϴţžͰѻһ˺ǿػﶼŲ
ôһģ΢Щ룬ʱ䱣ʱģ÷裬ⲻץʱͣͣ
ڻ˵Ҳһرѵ顣뵱ڴϾĻأͬߴһǻһ츳ܣ֮ȻҲûȴ
ĻһǼ˻͸¶ֻϢе̫
ʲôߡʲôСĵ㡱ǻ룬𽥾еԿʼ÷ǳ
͵Ǹٶһһ顣ŵĳŶ
ϴλĵżлˣŵЩϡ
ΪԻµͬҲɶͷԣû˸ǳֵ⡣
Ͼϴʵ⣬Ҳô˵Ǳߵϸ˰죬˻˵˾ʵܹһѵķӣֻиոշ˵ķӡ
شûҲͻȻ
ȷʵҲڸոտʼ֮ǰܹһѵģ֪ԼĳЩ鲻ԣŮװĳԺͶԻױĳԣҲԿһ£˺ھȫˡ
Ҳǰշ˵ķӣ
ЩԾ˻͸¶˼пܻһЩܱһǵ˰
˼ǧ˳ŵʱҲųң˿ûĸ棬һ˲䣬˵ͨһЦеĶǵ˸ͷǺá
˽ӲҲ˺á
¿ȥıӰĬĬСֹ
Ǳ˵һôˣô˵˻һء

165 аۺ

⼸춼û, ƺǳԶţס˲Լͬ˿
ʵǳʱ˰ٲ, ˳ŽһĿǰȡ
Ѿܳʱ䶼û˴, Щ͵ϴүòҲ̫ܽӴĵϢ, Իŵ׻ǸһλϤͬ־
˴˾𣿡ʡ
û, ôôʣãȻʡ
¼ǵϴβûиԼǰȥʱ֪ԼŻ˴ƤŻ˵顣µĹ̸˶Էģ˵һԼڽϲûϢ飬üͷƺ΢һ£̶ּɿˡ
Żµ, ô˵ĻȺɱֻŵϣ󡭡, Ҳ˵, ˰ɡ
ջԼ, ֵ㣬һͲǸ˵ơ
Ϊʲôʡ
Ǹ˺, еĶҪ, ˻رСֻۡҪ۾Ķ֪ǣҲֻɵӲŻѡˡ
ⱲӺȥȰһ˲ҪпǶĻɵʵȥ, òһ䣬ȻǳͷβĴʵ
пԼȴͻȻǰƺĬ˼ĻºȻ̧ͷųر΢Цлл֪ˡ
֪˾ͺáһ˻⡣
֪ܾ֮󣬻󶼱õЦݣһǶסһ
λµĹ󲿷˻ǸĻӭģָһóԵķϲԵĸ㣬ǻ³ųž;Ƿˣ˵ѵʱһͰԼͬˣ
ĻճҽڰٲõĹȻʰö׼ȥſһۣȻ˵ĳһСӵĶӳϸЩһֱţҲҪ΢һµʱˡ
߽ĴţʶĿǱߵСŴСŶῪţżιеϴүǽϴүһҲûУСҲǹŵģЩ֡
أ˸ʣ֧֧ƺԸ˵ȥеƣ˵ԼҲû¶ݣôͲܸ˵ˣȻǸаɣҲΪſǹҲΪѪ
֧֧˰죬ǿһֱǰһԲվţƢҲġǲģܴ̼Ҫ֪ĻȥԺɡ
ȻصЩƫЩסլģлԺͳźԺ˹ȥûͻȻ˺סƺЩģջûһ䣬ȥ֮ǰƽҪ̼
°Ļ˺ԺԺʵһҲûֻ֪һϴүסšʵǸʲôҲ
ս˺ԺĶȷææµµǸ˸Ϣȷġ
Žȥǰȷʵһ£Ǹ˸˵Ǹ˻ܶôˣģ˵ʵ̫˱ˡ˿ûҴȷƽԼ̬ȻŽӡ
Ǹǰûˣ˵ںԺµĻû˵꣬ͱ˻ȥΪȫˣǿ£˵Ͱƣһһ˵ߣ𿴡
˭ģǵġŵ˹⻪ʶľвʮˡ
ǿ½ϲԼͬĳ˻ңհѻǿ˳ȥ
ȻʹѾѻ˳ȥѵĻ»Ⱥķ϶һӰ
Ҳ±ƳĻ춼ûع
Ȼ˫Ѫƽɣ
ϣ˫۳Ѫֶ⣬ܵÿһˡ
³컹ûعλϵĻˣʵԼҲż˶Էòк˽⣬ʵϻԼǴûԼϤ˱ɰġ
ƽɾԺͻ㲻ϹϵãϴμĶԷǻʲô֪ͱͻŵ֮Ҳ˵˶ԷƺԭλϢ˭֪ȻѾ߻ħˣһС˷ӵż
ƺЩΪ˲ƽɵԵʣƽӦǴ֮ŷģӦǺ»̼ͬǴɡƺЩ֣ƺ˵¡
˼ת֮䣬ƺƽڷ֮ǰ顭ǸʱƽλֵӦûİƽɣͱ׹ٽˡʱȻһֱǻԵ״̬ѱ岻׹۵ɱƴʲôҷʩ
ƾǸʱġ
أͻȻﴫһżȷŭĵͺ𣬻¶̫İϾǷӼʧصס
ƽɣҾǸƽɣǹزסҵģҳȥһһ˺顭
վĻͻȻȫˡ
λƽͬ־߻ħĳ̶ȲǳƺѾԼƽɰ

ڰٲﰲİҩݣԱǸŻһŵˡ
ƽɵĺ֪֮Ҳ£ɳһ˸Ż»˰ٲá
Ż»ټŮԣþʹüĿžرĺƣرܰ˵͡һ·ҲûǼ£ֻǸżҳΣ¶һһˣֻЩֹ
̫Ӧñֳ˻ʹ࣬׼ȷ˵ڵͦӣӦ˵ֶ޳ĸп͸ɴװһãȻӣ·ûԼǰͬºȻĴлָĻ˰ٲáƺȽϷϻһʵɿ衣
˰ٲú󣬻ƺڳܲסִ͵͵ĻͷŵʣǸƽɡָܻ𣿡
ƺǳĬһ룬ûֱӻش⣬ֻЦŰһ»¡
룬Ҳûзӿǵİ취˵λ֪
ᱻô죿
㲻õģȻˣȫбϵġЦ˵Ǹ㣬Ⲣģֻǵŵ㡣
ûϵµʣôģ
Ϸ̫ˡ˻˵
Ϸ̫ѵһֱԼƽɣͻȻˣܲ˴ټɱһϵƻĳЩƽ⣬Ǿ߻ħᶨƵĻԼƽ
Ȼ뵽ͷ˼ת䣬ȻָղǸ˻ڿ
˼·һתȻѵǽ첻ҽȥΪ
ԣŵ㣬ʵҾõҲأǰи׼Ҳͦõġ˵
ʲô׼ʡ
ҿɲ뿴ٿһ˿ź˵ġЦЦĿǰǸ˼ᶨĺúӡ
˼ᶨĺúӡͻȻе顣
ܾ仰е㵱Щ˵
ͬʱҲһ£ƽܵͷ裬²ǱʶﻹһֱԼ۵Եʰɡ
аۺ˰
лҪ˵СӹԱСѩ
մƤƤϺҹ۲죬Ĵ󲿷˶˻µƤϡ
ţƤƤɡ
ǲժѡ
Сѩáû緹һ졣ѧѧĺniceˡ
ţѵȷʵֲܿûϵѧóԷѧþͺˡ
شֻĩܿˣҪôôһ¡
úѧϰϡ
ûȷʵеҿһС˹ǿЩ淨룬׻˵жԲ
ͷŶ=w=

166 1

˵Ҳ, 컪¿ŷ˵ƽɻûôӶǷ˵ƽɡ
˵һʲô, ͺмʱ˺ܾȻüһ
΢ŸһԼµǴӺζ, 𽥵, Ǳʶ, ΪƽɸԼʲô
ǶˣҾǰ컹һ˵̸ݲ죬ͻȻôһһӱɷӻûЩ˯š
ֲֿЧӦɡ
ϾʶֻҪǷӣͲٱˡ
ǰһֱ߻ħ¸ԼͦԶģԶľߵ, ҲĥףԼѾǸӣɾԼͦԶ
ڶ𴲵Ļ¶Ȧ, ĥҪҪԼѬױ, ùŴ޷ͷˡ
̾˿, вϵĸƽɵӣԼܽڻֹ
ƽɷԭϷ̫µø󲻵ãʵܸݵ, ҲͲ̬ըˡ
ҪΪӾ÷ϵһ㡭
ҪȻƽɾ³
ԭ¶̽˵ʮֵ, ϣڲŵһ㣬ǳ⵵Լûʲôˡ
ϴĻԤȥϽһЩ飬ߴϣɫղ԰˼֡һתǴ߳ʱպķ, ճ¶һЦݣǰһʱͻȻЩԣ˺רҪġ
ûҲ΢ע⵽һˡ
ϸһʼĿòȥ磬ǻһֱ˱ţóţǰɳȥһֻӣû˴Ӳˡ
µҲ˵֯ʧ˺ỳɵ棬Ϊ˴ػһ·ڻº˵Ŀ£֤ûһ;пǣȫ״̬
ȻӦòǻϣĵ˼Ҹǻء
ʮգʱ¥Ժڶ¡Ų㱻ĸϵСֽ˿ʮţҲ˵ʱ䣬ʱ㹻û¿ǺýҪôˡ
ǷβܰǽȥһְӦöԡ
룬ĬĬĴӻϺһóģ±ʼǵˣѡʱĳˡʱĲ䣬˻ȥѸӷˡ
ȻЩӦöǲ֪ģ¹Ҳ벻ϾȻкôṦȥ׷ӡǻȴǽ׽ʲô˼
һ˵ʱ򶼻һЩ飬ЩϱӻµĽ࣬˾ԼڻϹҲʵģرǵĻ鵽ʲôݡ
¾Ȼ֪߾飬֮ǰҲǶŻһ˽ģԴʱ˿̲Ÿ̽
ʵһܹ״̬ڻ֮ǰطĴڸķӾۼؾ٣֮󡭡طĴڸòǸ˵㣬ȴһʮֹĵطɱ˹ȥ
˵Ŵһֱũ̵ģʹڽҲ洦ɼǽӦóؼ̡Ҳ˵һЩҵʵҲǻᱻӵģһЩҵϵ鷴ᱻӡ
¥־ͰɱϵһŰͰϵһڽжǺĵģǰĻͬҲһͷһĶҲġ
Ĳ˵ػӵôһؾѾǳˡ
ǳ˵ϣϴκ󡣻Ȼһֵ⣬תȫȫ⡣
ͺܲڽоΥ˳飬ͬ½СﵱŴѩȻҲһͷʺһ
۳ڻػϵĴˣҲ֪ڽƱ仯Ը̭˼Ͼϵԭڽ˵ҲЩʵģڸǱڻβ
ŶػߵǷѹ˵ǻˣˮڶһӣȴΪӵ磬ȫˡ
ȻǼ飬ڽУƺ֤Ӵϴף𽥵ĳΪһͨͨ֯Ȼ𽥵ĴʧϴֵĴһ
˵лǰ֮ѾˣΧһӦҲ㲻öôҪ飬ȻЩˣռ鱨ҪҪǿܶࡣ
Ƕڴһ˿ͷûУͬǸƽһҲȥ¥ŻͨͷѰһ硣
ǰǸߵˣ˲Լͬ˿ڿˮȻȷʵЩˣǵͷаţÿμ涼а
˸ǵĸоǹֵֹģҪû˵ĻͻȻðôһϴǾúĪֲĸоȻо֣Ҳûжʲô
²µ˵˼˼һڱкȥʱ򣬻ºĵҲϰɣʹҲҪӦ
ϵ˶ԴȻǺʣķֲμνĻġ顱һ㶼ѵӣֻǼ򵥵Ŀ˿ڣǸߵļһͬˡ
Ǽͬʱ顱ΪûʲôҪĶ
ԭΪʲôõĶأڿҲ̸ʲôǸ׳
ҲԼȥҪǿˡ֮еǸŮʵҲ˼ֻû˵ʵĻҪһ㣬νġ顱һѸ˱йصĶɣ
˵ʵڵģʵھ̷òҲûʲô츳ӣŮ֮ǰյ鱨УڳػӺΨһľٶ˼ʽķ˼µ꣬εƷ֮꣬ʲôҲû
ǻɻĪǲҪɽգÿֻųԺְɣ
ʲôȥ֪ˡ֮иݵǸν˵

ÿܿʵϰʱᣬҪǸܽһܵĹ飬Ȼһ¸ɵĺõģһ¸ɵĲõģż㽱֮ġȿȣʵ˵˲µҲȷʵмȷʵһ߳Ķ˱ʱ䡣
˱ʲôĶں棬ҪǻһʱĹܽᡣ
ΪǰԱһǷǳϤ޷ҲǴľ顣
ῪʼǰȷһֽһῪʼǰ鰴˳Ϲۿ⿴˵ŵˣ˴֮ı鲢û̫ţΪΧ˱ֵ̫ӣǸŮ˻ϵԱߺһһ˱Ķϳ
µͷŵһֽ
ػˮֺŵľ彻Լŵľٱ
·һš
¥ڵȨ
һš
䡣
˻ȫǽŰȫǻţһǻȫȫǱְ񲢲˵ȥ顭
ĬĬس˿һۣ˵⻭粻԰۶Ƕ˱Ӷôô9£
Ҫ֪ô£ҲҰ찡
Ҫۻ⣿
¸뵽ִ뷨óȻµ˻ֵģһҲһӻῼǵ顭ҪȻô̸ɡ
ⳡῪ꣬ˣĹˡ
Ź۲˱û²ۡȻˡأͻȻü͵һǱʲôҰ޶һ

167 2

Ļ¼Ȼ, ҲûڵģĿ, ѾԶˡ
һʱҲûҵô, Ȼ·, Ҳֻܷȥˡ
ȴ΢ֵĵط, ڻ˵Ǻ񿪻ᶼԵ÷ǳ⣬ǵĻǾԲѿĵطôһĵط
ҲԽԽɣҪͷиǰ棬СĽͷӶˡ
ʱ顭ܵ˵ǰʱĶࡣ濴ĻߵҲǳƽ, н׼ʲôĸо
ƽʱǸһֱ̬ĸоʱʱһ·Ҳˣڵ, ͦƽġ
Ȼ˾ƽ, ˮʧذӦҲˮַɢ˴󲿷ֵľ, ʱӦöɲ̫еˡ
źˮ֡ػϵĵͷ֮һڻ˳ػӺٲȻҪưػӵļƣȻһֱڱŴѹ, ǰɻ㲻, ƳŹʱͺˡףڻעźˮֵ˶˼һ¡
ԭΪػϳ֮źˮֵעȻͷڿҲȫˣ̽鱨, ˶оôһ⣬»ûôϲ
кЩ뷨
۲ǸߣöԷʵЩ³çˣȻǻһЩֶΣϸ˵Ҳʲôֵ̫飬ŵ֪˿Ҳ˵ʲôһ˵͢ҪϴֵĽôնݳǾôͥڵĽЩ졣
ֱ̫߾ͼԶ͸ֽܿӰԶԼԼ˵ǵĶƺҪͶȥˡ
ܸо̫ˣôҸضȻҹʱ򿪰
Ļûĵ²ֻۣɷϵֽҲûʲô飬ƺǿЩġ
˶ֻ˯ĸо߷еֽƺ˵˾䣬ȻˣͨˮϢ˻ɣʱҲˡ
ͨˮϢ˽лǻȱ𡭡֮Ǹݸߵ΢Щš

ȵȣǸ˺Ȼʶһ£ͨˮֵϢͨʲôϢΪʲôҪͨϢ
УôͨϢģǾȻᱻץ
һʱû仰ʲô˼ֻʶľ⻰ƺкܶ߼ͨĵط΢΢
¾ʱҪվһ˵ǰЩǴȡ˲ٵ鱨ѣٽɢźˮֵעҲͦõġ
ȡ鱨ѣĪǻŵĳ֯ԭȻôһݣֺ񲻶ԣŵĴ֯öôʵġ˾⻰ԽԽˣһǰܸ˼·ġ
һֳֻ°ͣƺЩʲôᣬСֹһʵҲءڰѻ˶ջ£ˮֺ֮¡ԺҸٴ𡭡
ôģ˻Ҫ롣ҲһʼЩİ뿿ǸϣԱ߹һŮ˱
ܻ߿ͷûеߣе˼ѾԼԼ͸¶˳ǰʱػӴңźˮֶɳġ
ԭʮ˶Ȼһ
䲻˸һ͸
ţͬʱһʣַһʣţ
ղͶǸòƵԱߵһ̯˰СУǸˡ
һƬ˵ĻĻ￪ţ۵ֻ˻˶Ǯ¸׼ʲôһ
ղŻ͵͵Ŵڿֱߵӿǵ˺Ȼɤ˿鶫иһ
˶ԼϴĻر졣
أأء
Ȼô˵ǾͰ˳ɡԱ߸ոǸվʱ˻˵ʣҪ֮ǰٸһŵû׷𣿡
áֵĵӦæ¥ɡߣǰʱ¥׹ˣ׹¥ЩΣҲ¥ڸԶʱӦûʱǵġ
ղŻ˯˲֪ʱѾ뿪αһͷ亹ֻҪȥɱͷֶԻµĴﱻ˵
ǳ˵赭д˺ҲϰˣԲʲô
У˶ˣһ
ⲻûӡ
֪һ仰ȥǵС;Բˡ
ǰǼλóźˮӦǻЩֽţλȻ¥鶼в룬δ֪
Ҳŵĸ߲㶼Ѿ͸ˡ֮еǸݸ뵽Ϣŵĸ߲ղ˵ģȻǸȴЩʮֵһֽóԵʲô̸
˵ʼǼ䣬һʼǾǸ߽쿴㰲һ㣬ûйһ˾ëëЦҲûòĶǵͷʲôģֻǿ΢һ㡣ƺ͵͵ִ֮ͥ¿ʱ졣
ڲʶΪܼ򵥵õĸݡ
ôõôͼĴأ˵ĵ
ȵȣ̧ͷǰǸˣȻһ£ָ΢˳ʶ߶ȲŻᷢĸп
ǰǸ˵ƺûʲôʲôǲĳʶ
붼룬ʱмŵľǵ̸ǰ߻ô
»¶һرţرĵЦݣȻǼŵ˿Ҳл´ȥ
ܵ˵˸Ͳǲʱ͵ص㡭ǸͲں
лĻ˿ỳɣǰ˻͵Ϣȫɱˡ
˲˵ĺ󱳶ĸʯͷһΪƺҲʶԼĴЩŵ˺õȥ
˵˭ͬʱð뷨Ҫʲô


168 Ļ

¿𾪵, ò˵ﻹЩˬġ
ߣû뵽, СطȻͻȻðô߶˵Ļ, ž¥, Ǿ͸ô̸
ǻ˼·, ڲòô̸ԭǻ߻ûʵλá
ʵûбҪôôݵģⲻǰЩӻС׹ۣ¶Է鷳Բż˻Ĺģ۳涼Ѿʣ»ʲôˡ
еļ綼֪Ĳҵʵǻ·ųȥġЩ, ܳ˵ô˳
ҲΪִ̫٣⸽ûʲôȫλãô̸, ˵ǵ۹⡣
ôһ˷ܵĻ¾
˷ܸɶ
ǸıŽ, Ĵ󲿷ֶǶ˱һĶ, Ȼ˴ʱδؾȥˡ
ڻ亹ðĸˮϴһÿﶼһЩֵ飬֮еǸ׳Ӽ򵥵, Ķ̫, ʣµ˵뷨;Բˡ
еǸŮӷתڲ²⻨ߵǸʲôݡ
ʵжԻ˽Ķ֪ǻԭˣͻһֲݷֱѹ, Ȼͽ
˵˻ڲ⣬ûκ֪λλ˵ʵĿˣ֮ͶԻһĸı䣬ʹûӡ
Ҫǰǰ˼·˵Ů˿ҲͲ²⵽˿Ի·ԲŻûԭһͷ߱ڵӣΪ˿ȫԶԼ·
ǻ˼·һ롭ڵ˲ûаѻһԼµҪҵֻǵһЩأ
˼·ȥһз·Ͷ˲˵ͨ
˼·Ůϣġ
Ϊ˳˼·ȥ⻨һ˲õı
֮ǰƴԼĹģΪ˶ŵ׷ͬʱҲʲôǸ֮Ըûֱڻβľٶ³ûаѻһҪľס⣬»һԭֵڻ֪֯жٸ
ôһ롭ȷʵʱ䲻࣬ǴҴҵҴҵߣҲӡ֤һ㡣
ô߾˭ĳʿˣĳħͷ͢
ӣΪ˷ʲôӴĲҪʲô
ϴӹ񶼲ȱһЩǿķʿϣڽһЩʮֿµ飬ߵ߸һ˿ҲֻΪԼȤ
ǰߡǲҲˣʲô
㱼䣬Ż糺Ұ׵ǵбøƺһŨŨľϢ
Χ˺ԴһûƵģŮ˲ѿںŵǸĻ죬·ȴΪ֪⻰ҪǺԼҲҪˡ
绪룬ﱻָͷˣѹû˱˶ԣʵҪûԼ˵˱ҪģϾǮ֧
ע⵽ǸŮ˱ƺΪӲЩֶԷ⵽ôˣΪΧҲû˼˵ͼŰѻῪˡ
ʱǸɫв̶ͬȵѿԼ˺üξҪҪǣ˸ʱ򣬻ϰԵ¶һЦ˴к
˵ıӵĽӲˡǸŮ˿ʱǿԼ¶һЦݣڹʲôЦıȿ޵Ļѿ
صԼӺǸŮش˿ҪԼпҪһһٺĸо
Ǹ׳ôɵ㣬Сʧء
㲻֪ǸŮ˵ҲǣܸҲûôࡣ
ôˣ
Ů˰ԼĲȫСҿٵ˵һ顣
ļǾ־Ů˷ӦôһĹˣӦòɡû˵ôˣôͼƻʲôˡ
Աһǽ֮ĻҲˣ˵ǰôƻʲôˣ
¾ԼԻ·ЩŮˣϸ룬ǴԽߵķӦָô߶߶ˡ
мϵģԭΪȻ˲ȫķӣӦҲʲô̫ƵˡһǸطôĻа񰡡
ȻŮôģأƺû˻Ѿ֪˻߾׹ۣôأ
Ǹߡ澿һʲôδ֪ˡǸŮ˻˵һŲ˰̺۵ƵһҶϤ
⻹һĬĬؽӻ
ڻҲûд೤ʱ䣬ֲñȥˣֻʹ˵˼롣
˶ԻµĶƺĳ֯µһֲţʵĶӦǽĿǸʺȰػӽһ㣬Ȼְ׹۵˼·һýʺһ㶼档
ʲôϼţѾĴӪ˺𡭡֮԰ѻŪһ㶼ӪΪԼȽϵСɣ¿롣
»˰ٲãѴŹϣȻһֽڶ
ֵĴ˹ȥʣʲô
Ž췢ġѻ½˹һ𿴣עһµģŶ˰
´˹ȥһԭ·ѾעⰲȫСʾƽʱɽˮ˳ûʱŻᷢһҲ⣬ϿⶫֻһΧСˮ˵ġ
˴ˮ˵٣ǻ⸽Ѵע⡣
ػϵķ粨Ҳɢͨ˵ڶܿˡ
ȻŲһ˵һȺεģֻ˵һȺˮˡӴܣϣע⡣
¿񣬺Ȼһƣ¸磬Ҫˮ˹ܲܰǶܰ
˰ɣָָҡĲ
¼һ£ϸĵ˼ȽΣյĵطһػӣûȥĿǰǱķӾ۾ӵصĵط
ûлӰӡ
ĳֽһӱ˹ȥȥһ˲仪ֶһ£Ҫ֣Ӧ˹ǿпסˡ
ɣָھ־ͷּˮءһ˵һߵĳŻ￴
Цҡҡͷͷϵأû˼˵ѹͰ½ӿ**ossϵһˡ
˼·Ҳ˻һС

169 Ⱦк彡

˵λĽͳ̫, ˭֪ġ
Ҫ˵ǲǴӺģ
˵൹ԭ, û˵
, µ˺ˮ, ׼ʱһǽǡ
ǰ˰ѻµĳĻ, Ȼһͷʺţȴ˿֪ܵİԼֵµİϡ
Ŀǰ**ӡСֵܡ˵еңȻǻµĴϡ
ڻµļƻֵĳ֮·̫ӣֱӰżһ׼ĳ, ٷϣôͶƵ飬ٰһȺҪǲǾͲοǵ, ʵڲи㼸ۿسҲǿԵ, ʱЩ۹Ҳǻˡ
ǳϵ, ֱһӲ˵ĵ·
Ӳ˵ĵ·˵׻Ǵλһרŷͨ˴ţƴ󷢶ɵġ
ԭ趨õļڶûϣΪžѾ㲻ˣȻҲδҪԲûʲôָϾɱ, ֻ֮ǰԴ׹һ˼ȥ̽λֵʵ
ڻ뱻С֮ǰ, ЩѾһ̶ȵ˽ˣĿǰյǡ˺Ун񱡣
ιһй书Ķûհ¿鱨ʱǶڳ, ·Կļģ
һСľյ˽͵ľ裬ǾôҲԼıƸ㻪¾;츳ˡ
һôֵأ˵ĳڶŵĵ֮УðűΧµķգӲȥԱߵĻ¥ϴ˸裬ȻյĳŵƤӵˡ
ֲܿܽôľѧĻǲġṦܺá
⽣뵱껪³̤뽭ʱѧĵһҲṦ
ΧЩǶǵϢʲô½Ժϡʲô½رءȵȣʵǻɢȥġ
ȻȥҹҲҵһЩ˿ǻͲҪ̫ȥ¥Ƕķ糿һϢĳ˿дȥ˵ǽ֪顣ǻ˻ۣһǻҲ𣬶ƺԼʲô˵ܡ
һʮʮ٣ͻ¥ķֵط󲿷Ҳֻ뵽˹ɢϢһ㣬˻ɢϢľǻ¥ķټϻ޷죬ܱ˲ֵĹϵǻ¾ˡ
½ǰŵҪѰһֵϢġ˳һƽǰʱλСһίУȻû̫ǰʱί˻㱨һҲӦõġ
ȻԼҲûʦò֪һ̡
ʵھⶫִ۹⿴޷ҲǱڹ˾Ǳڹ˾ҵĴү
˻ֵ飬ൽͰע˻ȥתͷһȻǻƽ
³ĬһᣬŶԷǰЩǴʱһ㡭˵һ˸շ裬ôпܻᱣһѵġ
ܡƽҡҡͷǸ˷˺óʱˣŷģĿסûȥɱˡ
ţ´ʱԻˡ˵һʼΪƽѯ飬ôټӺıԼ⣬û뵽ֱȥˡ
й£԰ӺҲ硭ҵǡ衱磬˵ѵʲô
˺ܶ࣬ȴû˵ֻᵽһЩǵù׼ȷĴ𸴡
ƽ˵ͷӦ˻¼ȥ˳㻹˻һӣĬĬؿһֲۣܵ˵ķǮˡ
ﻪʵиȽϴ󵨵뷨װȥͷĵص㿴ʲôҲȥȡ÷ͬЧ
ôʱȻִ˽ŲȥԵЩңԵ÷ǳӣʹΧ˶λҲΡȻ
˵ܲٲܲپ͵ԱһʿĨ˰ͷϵĺոջ˵أתۼ˼ҾѾ
ĸͣƽ۾һµǸ𣿡
ĬĬؿۻƽı飬˵ԼҪǲ֪͵ĿԼ˵ҲӰɡ߻Ҫһ㡣
ֻҪ˽ĻСŮǸġ
һļ͵̧ͷ鶼͸¶һֽŵĸоʾǲҪ̫ЩʵŵˡºͻƽҲûܻǣֻ˵ǰЩӲСİԼϳһʦˣҲ
ֻŵжɻ
ײβһ£Ǿ⸽ƺн͵ˣڴֻǳ飬˳ԸôԷͻȻأ
ܼ򵥣ǻġ
ƽ֮ǰ¸ַ˸ϢҲûдʲôɣֻд⡱־˿ûʵĹǰˡ
ڻǻ൱׵ģʹǲҲֵʶĿס
ͽʱʵеţΪ̫Ϊʲôôֵľͳˡڵƺ̫ʺĳϳ֡
ҲǸ޼ɵ·ߣˣԴ򻨴ġɢȥ־˯˯̤ʵˡ
ºװɨһȦУŬװѰһµټ
˶ڴ˵ʵʱĽȻĺվ潣ҲûŽĿǰȻûŽŷɥʵʱҪս˻Ǻܶġ
ŵҲʹ˺üɫ˽¸Ǵš
ô죿ôͻȻ֣
µǿԳ̽һʵ
ΧвڶԾԾˡиŵ˵ǵĵ֣һ˸ô죿
ǾͲñ˳֡һ˵硭һȥ̽ʵҲ˱˵졣
˵飬ҿûȥɡˣ½Ҳһշִ硣
ţĬĬЦˡ
һȺм佨һ׵ǶôҪ
ƽʱҲԼԼĲ˻º˵ĽҲûϣھֵмͬġ
ֻ⼸ֿͬѵ˵Ļ𣿻ƽȤ롣
ʱ¿˵ˡ
ŴյһЦ֪ɷºһأ
Ǳߵİ½˺󻺻תͷ
˵ҴӲȾƣȾƱɱˡ

170 

ʵҲ, Ҳ͸ոճ꣬˵ˣݵĻʱֺܶصķζ, ûķĸЦѹȥˡ
վǴ˵˵ĸо, ˵ҲһɳΪһ, ǰĵ·, ǰҪһ֮
Χ˵Ļ鶼ٵķЩ仯ϹζЦݣедӣһг˲м
վŵĻЦһ£˵, Сֵ˵ĿǲСֻ⽭û汾£˵󻰻ǻԿġ
ŽͿ, Ϳʮֵƽ, ۾ֻܶĽš
ȻϴЦ, ȴһƬƽƺһƬˮ
˵ڶ̶̵ļڻཻһ£ºȻԱߵ϶һ, , ߺþ࣬Ȼ˾Ҫף¿û֮ء
˵ʱ򣬶һߵı, ĵһơ
ȻƵĶȻᣬǱеľƿɲƽۿľһʼֻ峺Һ壬˺ƾȻһ㱡ı˪ǳոձϵĺ档
ǲ㱡ıҫ΢΢һΣԵִֶء
㱡ıҲΧһϢ
ڹ˵ã
Χ˿µ˲ʹһ˿̽
ŵļ˿ŻµľҲԵͷڹȻ֪ڹ¥ڹʹڹֵزЩѶȵġ
µǾ򵥵һܼ򵥣ڹΨһһҪκȣֻҪ۾ܻĶԵرĺá
ȫͷڵѣû¥֮ǰҲ
°ⱭƵַ꣬˾ƺԽ͵֪Ɑƣɷһ
ΧԭԾԾԵļˣڿ˻һֺ󣬺Ȼ˭ٶˣĿǰµ˼ܼ򵥣Ѿˣʵ˴ʱȥ¶Ͳ˵ģһӾʹΧҪǰͷ
ĻƽһһѾı鿴Ż¡
ΪͻһӵˣȻȻľܵ˺ܶ˵Ĺע
Ȼ˵ԼʶˣҲֻǼڶζѣȻ⻰Լ˶š
˺ǿҪǿܶడ
ôǿô벻ôСطʦأ
ǱűľƣļŵҲֵģµԸǿѾǺúˣȴһּԵĸоǴ˾¿ƽʱµԸǾģڵĻȴҲһָƽʱȻͬİȫС
ȫֶ˵ȽдȱŶ˾ðĵġ
ܻƽʱŵıʵ̫ºˣҲ˳ҲǸǿսʶʱƺͻİġ
Ǹ;ôһվţ鶼ûʲô仯·ǱƾﲻһȻȴҲֻ˫峺۾Ż£ƺһЩȤĶ֡
ֳһ궼һΣһͺһ֪ȴ֮ĶԾҲմֵģǿºȴˣͳĬǿڹžĽַͣĳ
ǴֵˣȾƵĿˣϲ˵С˵ƹ񣬻ŵˣҴʱš
ھ˶˷ܵʱֻ˱ڲͬľ
ڵ۾Ż£ϤˣĺпܻķӦ޶ԡ
Ϥˣͱ˵£ͿһЩͬ
ƺ˫۾￴ôһ˿˿ί
ôһľ
˵˲ҵġ
˵Һúݾ˵ġ
ЩȻ˸һվͺãʲôҪ
˵󣬻¿Էӵίǿʼ˼ǲҪվŰ᲻ˡ
ȻǸŭԣǸڻϵľ飬֪Լʱ˿̼ʹİҲܶ㣬ΪԼϴʵ㣬ܰ㣬ԼϴֵҸղſԼϴһڹ͸ӵľˣԼӲȥԤС
ȻͿһǸӺȻʹӵͷɵͷһ㷴Ӧʱ䶼ûС
Ȼ顭ϡ
۾ող׽Ǳӵһټ𽥷˾ʱ
ǸӺȻǰˡ
һҷХǱӦѣ⧲ǻһء
Ɑ˿ûףõ̻һ
أ
ǱӱƬڿĴɢţΧһȦˣǷ׷ȥ㣬ֻн˿ûȻǱӱʱƬˮȴûһϣȫıܿ

ΧΪѵıӶľһƬ
һãȻģΪ֪ʲôǱΪʲô鿪һ֪
žͿǰϴһּ侪ӵãȻˡ
´ʱžͻȻ˴򣬻ǿһθ֮ǿʮֲ˼ָоı飬Ⱦ˲ǱˣǶġʵĵͬǡ
˵»ҲǸ˺Ϳһ˼ĶᶼʶΪ´ʱ˿̵ıķʲô
ٽűȾľΧΧȺǣʵ˵ڳܿղŷʲôĲʮ֮һῴµıҶԲ
ղŷʲôأ
ŶˣһɹȻͻȻըˡ
Ȼ˵ıôȣǿ¾ǸŪըģ
һ֪Ⱥ˵Բ̾ôףĲ󵨣ͬʱ˿̣˶һı鿴ţ·Ŀ˸ղŵÿһԭƵġʵûС
Ȼı£ִʱ˿̶·һִոǸŪģˣҵ׸ʲôˣ
ʱȻԶԶĴߴһһĻ
ȻǴ˵еĽ壡
˭˭˵ͷβʲô˭һ£
ִʱ˿еãȻϡǽӦ˵ģʵ˵̫һͺʾʲô˼
ɤӣǸߵ˻Ȼʼĵظƣ˼ǡ̫һ˿ܸ㲻ǳɣ
ŵ˼˺׷׾ͷһ
µҲſ˳ոյһӦöԼϴģȻľһжãΪͷβҲ֪һֱվŲԼαôġ
ͬʱȻһ𾪵ҲͬãȻĹһ
ʵΧȺڻиͬʡ
嵽Ǹɶ

171 ݹ

νĽ, ֻ΢֪ɶǽû˵ˡ
ʵϻԼû˵, ǻ߾ôʮ˳ͺ, Ķ졣
˲Ķ, ȴǻʮֲ˼Ч, ˿ֵı鶼Ѿһˣɲдôһη塣
ʲʲôǽ漸ŵ͵͵˵
Ҳ֪иСĻص¸ܶ࣬˵֪
µ֮һŵùǸʵǸС
л¸ִɫվ, ЩӦ
ƺǷӦˣʼ˼ոǷɹıͻȻôһ¡Ȼȫ̶ûʲô⿴ӦþԼϴΪˡ
ոһµĲϸȾǸĳ̶, ȻԼϴڹеˮ, Ҫڱӷɹһ˲պ䱬, Ҳֻϴֲĵˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ַȻϷġʱ˿ֵƺôһĸоѸٽܵ˻¸źš
ãȻ˼ԼӦҪЩʲôʵʲôѾǳиַ緶, ˵ֲָĸо
ȻĬ˼, ˭
ڶԸոǸմ˵ġ
ʵֿĺ֪˭ΪĲǵйôһ
Զλ߻Цˣ㲻Ҫ֪ڻûʸҡ
ѽСһ⻰Ͳ, ֪ǣʹС۵ʱԸҲЩëġ
˵ͬǻϵƾɶûʸ㣿զôţأ
ʹ֪ԷܽϷѣڴҲǸСƢЦһµװŪ
ԻԱߵ˶Щ亹ΪոǸߵǸûļƣԷпĳǿߣпְֵܾİְֵİְͬļзǳдڸеˣ
½ھôֵĸԷ˵ǳ֮˵ĸĵģһҲûС
ǶЩ°½ͻ᲻ŭλܴ·ߣǸ½˵תߣߵǸҲû
ƺλ߲Ǻ⡭ֻǸ͵Ҳһ˿Σա
һ˲䣬½͵ʵڴҵƺһ̨ס
¡cvĲۣȥ츳ǲ̫һ㣬ոһеĽģλֵͻȻ䱻ͨʲôζ𡭡żðǷĸоһ
½ԭӦЪϢģԽԽ࣬ΧӵˣƺüȻתʹ뿪ˣ뿪ʱһ䣬һƬƲʡ
Ի¶Խ͵⡭²Ƿ˽񱣬ô˶Ծת뿪ˡ
ͻȻֹëĽĳ˵ǳʺϰŽ񰡣Ĵ

뿪֮󣬻¾ͻȻסؿڣȻʱ󻺻µ
ͻһ°Աߵļһ
Ǵʱ˲ϱ¶ˣ˺ü˰ѻ¸
һĻƽֱһ֪⸽лµͬ飬û뵽ô࣬һӵ˶ǣ⻹֮ǰֵǼ
£û°ɣԱߵ˿ŻµӶŵˣҪǻڿҪҾжңǵѪһֱǰϣǸģػӵӿ»ضá
ǰԱи¹ϵƴĻŻ£ΧĽҲĹ۲һУûǰΪ¾ŵµͬʲôɿص顣
ʱ˿̴ҵȴԸղŵİ½ʵ˸µۡ
ΪʲôͻȻѪղŵķ𣿾Ȼôķˣ
Ǹոնûг֣⿴Ҳ̫ˡиոǸ˵Ľʲôأͽʲô֮
ʱﶼһѹҲգҶҴ˵Ͷˡ
ϾһѪľڵţԱӦѵһ˺ѷεӣڸҳ»ᱻġ
磡һ£ϴȥҴ򣡡
ҡ
ȱ˵ˣ
ҡ
ڵĬĬװĻʵ˵һקʵԼˣŵûκ˵Ļᡣ
ǣ˼ˡ
һʼҲֻװɵӣȻһжôǴ˵еԼû֣˾Ѿȵˡ
ԴһѪ³֮ĻҲûл˵ˡ
ĬĬ²ԼǲԵδ̫һ㡭ѶҪȥˡ
¿ԼǲҪҽϵ֪ʶһԼ࣬һĴʱȺкȻһˣһɫɴڵʵʵġ
ԱߵֻܿǺڵ̶ˮһ۾
ǸɴóһСƿӣšڻµıӵ¸һ¡
˵Ҳ֣ԭû˯ãʵеƣģǸ֮ȻһӾޱȵѡ
Ѳ԰֮Ϊѧ״̬
ɺ׻߻ħġǸɴ΢Щɳƣɣ·һһЩԼĵ顣
ʵһİùĶеΣյģԱŵ˲ûֹֻЩĿţִŵϣΪҲȽ϶࣬ǲǸ˻ô˵ǰʲô
ĵ飿´ʱ˿еãȻǻǲˣһ㱻ɺ߻ħûС
һ˿ӻζһŬĻſĵ£ڰٲóз㲻㣿
ʳΪ˿ĵ֮һ¾úܹˡ
ոǸ˸ŵò֪ʲô֮ȷʵǾ˲٣ǵ㱼عͻȻΧľɫ仯һ£ųһ亹
һԭ֪ʲôʱѾ¥ϵĳղǸ˶ûӰˣԱֻŵš
˲Լͷը亹
˵ģ˭ڸʲô
ղǹô£ô֮ĪĶʧһεļ䣿
˶֮еʱԱŵ˴չرĵû¸磬Ѿȥȥˣϵ
ղŻ֮еĻ±һ΢Ūû˵
ǰͬ£΢΢ĳǡ
ֻĳһԼĺ󱲣û뵽һӱݹ˰

172 Ӫ

ܻΪݵ̫һĪľ, ΪºЩ˵ûбֳʲô쳣ֻʧһʱ, , º»ǸԼȡһôġ
һΪԼͬͦ, º󻹲gg, ܱһ˶ĻҪáͻȻľ裬᳹ȥ
ҪԼ˵ʵһ̷ǳߵˣνİ硣ԼҪΪ˴ĺܵͣȻҲΪƾܹͦ˵ĺøУ˵һ˻ΪǸɵӣڽеļƻ, ΪǸɵ˵ҲͦõĲǡ
Ҫǵʵһ㶼¾ÿ԰һճ
ֵļƻƺϵĳɹһҹ֮СﶼһὣͺһʶߵĹ, ƺڶĹ¶ͦϲּ, ͺ˧¡
ܻµԭƻ, ǸպӦûᱻָɵģĿǰƻݻ
⼸ӶĳһЩڻԤ֪ڵ飬һڻڻƺԶ侲ķ, һǸɴˡܻ¶Щ龿ô², Ҳ˸롣
߻ħһַԿƵġ
˴һ֣Ǹ˴˵ڶ֣һѾ߻ħ˱ѵķһڼ߻ħʱķ, ַһ綼֪ʲôʹϱֻǸͨͨĹԱҲ
ϱ߻ħй
пܾ¥ԼĹ
ϱڽϵĵλ֪ʲôѣȻȽһϱ鱨ȫǴ¥鱨Żõġ
ôһǱ¥뷽跨йڿ߻ħ취¡ĺпܱƭȥģϾ㲻һѾ˵˻ѵ˼й鱨һ顣롣
ɽһŪǹ˵ʲôô𣿵ڶ׹Ҳܵͬ
ǻ¾ﲻϵԼһֱûͻȻͱĳȭߵģʵļǵʱǸ桪Ԯ
νǽƣڳ͢Ӵɽǰڻңʲô֪¾ƾűܰѻķչг͵͵ĵжò˵ڹĶʱȷʵá
룬¾üպױȥӽߵԻһһѡʱȥ»Ҫĵӣʱòʧ
ǵû˵һֿ÷ǵõƵİ취ĴϺܶܶ࣬һˣ¾͵öǣܹõ֯ĺøУٺòˡ
˼˼룬һѵķӵ֯ỶӭһʲôأֵЩǰֳһʲôأ
ʵ滹һû벻׵飬÷ǿԼҲһô飬ΪʲôֱڣûռأǸ֯ʲô

찡ôͻȻôĳյϣһ˰һ쳤̾
˵ǿ壬ÿ糿ܼȦٻȥԱһĺ󱳣ѽ˼ʲô͸ʲôô
Ǹߵǲǳˣһһ߻С˵Żڵʱ糿㣬ڿɲ죬Ǵ죬Χͦģƹһ̫
ҿǳˣֳˡǸݸߵ˵㿴ΧȺ˶ûʲôԹģǰѪ²١
⵹ģ¥ڻﶼͦѪġ
ҵûʲôˡ֮еŮСĵҾһֱʱ𡭡
˺Ҳͬʱ뵽Ů˵顣
ܲɲǰ֮ǰõîģҵǰǺ֯ԼҪîʱ棬ҲͲʱ
Թ̫磬ʵ˭ԼڵʲôǸݸߵ˵ҪȻٻʱɡ
ǸߵǸԻ·ǳӣǻԼļƻᱻƻô˭Ҳû뵽ȻôһķʽƲˡҪÿ糿Ȧ壬ҲȺÿ˶ĽÿȦڡ
ǻȥ·ϸպ˵߽Լֵµôġһǲٷ֮ǰŻµĴʵʵĴʲôǹ۲죬ǷֹĪЧʽ
û೤ʱ䣬Ȼ̸ʲô飬ƺǼ·ˣΪǵ̫˵δ΢һЩ
˵ȺֹˡиŮ˵ƺô˹Ǽһ¥Ǵġ
Ǵô˵ԱߵǸʻԵñȽǣҲһ˿˿ĵǡ
ˡ˵ƺĵȥǻԼԼһЩ
˵׬ǮĻ¥˻һʽˣЩ˾ˡ
ʲôˣȫյ͵ƺˡ¥ˡЩʣǶЩ˼ȫ⣬ͳȥ̽һϢ
֮һһ߸п͹Լ׬ǮһҲҵڻֱǲ˼顣
֮ǰǲ֪˱Ƚ𡣡ݸ߸νʼ
Ǹ׳һ߸пʱʣµǸŮһֱԱվû˵ߵʱԱߺһܹȥһȺˣԭأϸƺԴԴϵĳǱ˹ȥһۣ׼һȥʲô
ȵǲŷԼȺȻǸߵĵطһͨķӣûʲôģҰɫǽϴˢ˽꣬ǷޣˮӳһŻ˵ͱĵطʲôͬǿҲֻԺӴһ㡭㹻Щܹˡ
ʱ˵㣬ֻվ濴ˣǿȺиˣĴŴ绹ǸơƶǣӦǸˡʱɫĶһϿյĻߵΪ㵱ͿˣҸ㣬һҵģΪƾһȺӾͿԻȥˣЩǣ͸ˣ
Ļеؿ۲豭ƯĻ˻ᣬƺЦһ¡
ûпǰǸˣֻ΢ͷƺ뿴һ˵̫³ˣ̫ˡ
Ȧϡǵʱƺͱɽѵ
ЩģʹֻһΡ
ģͬʱ۾
ȵ۾ʱ򣬶ֻʣǸ˵İ
Χģû˵
ϵǸȴֻÿǰ󺰴еһƺûʶǰڽкܴĸ̡
ʲô֪ķһеĺȲ裬˳Աߵ˵Ū߰ǻʲôأĺð۰
˵ڵһˣֶǸԻ·˳ŪŴ׸Ƕ㣬Ҫ˯ˣ˭ң˭ҴҾ졣
ԱߵĶס˻ڰ˵죬ȻȥˣҲ½ɢȥԺֻʣ˻һˡ
Ƭ̺󣬻ŵĻͻȻ۾˼
˵ķӦƺڵǸ֯Ӫ

173 

¹ǼĻ¥, ͿʼƻŽĺӦҪôš˵ǿ˿ҷǸʷ, ҪԲǾͻܿµġ
Զʱڻ»ĵÿһﻨԱİ, ϴڼš
ȻڹŴ, ˭˻µ, ¾ԼҲе𣬵ȻҲȫǸӣ˺·
ⲻǰʱٱˮֺǮû𣬵Ȼ˵¡
˵ǮôĲۡ
⼸ǻϵ˶糿קܲӲıǻ˸ʱ棬֮ǰغǵȻҲûӰ, º᲻˳ǻ¾Ͳˣʹˣ¾ԼҲ̫ġȲ˵ʱȽС, ˻´˴Żܾˡ
⼸컪±ڻͰٲ֮, żһɥĲ񾭲, ԼݼֱΨһͷ۵ľǻߺеغˣܺ±˿ʲô
˵ߺϢѾ͸¶¥, ǻȴ֪¡Ŀǰ¥Ŷֲ, һϢĵطһǿĵطԴԽյָѵİ˵Ķ¾ܶ㿪Ͷ㿪ĺá
⼸컪ڻʱ䲻࣬Ϊæ, ԻֻܼԼڻʱ䣬һһϡ
ŵĻ²֮ǰΧһжôˣ͵͵Ĺ۲ûʲôùŹֵ飬ΪĸоУһʲôȴ֪
ƽ˺Ӵ֮ʧһҲûдϢûëȻĸоúõһ˵ûûˣҲ֪ǻ
ûе£Ϊ۲죬ƽǸȻţĲʲôµģ֮ȻͳеΣŻôأǻ֮ǰһɱ
һƽˣڴ֮ǰи״Ƶ˶ôõأ

ϵķԴ͹۲ı仯ƺ˺ܶˣƺǴӱĵطģкܶ඼ǴŴǳƯŮˡ
֮ǰĲ²⣬ǺѲ뵽ԷǴǸ¥ˡ
ҲŪ֮ǰǸ˵ԭġ
ǸһһǸ׳пҪңҿɲҹ⻨¥
ǸŮȴһֱûô˵ǰſڴǰŲǡ
Ǹݸ߸Ҳ濴˿ʱʱϳôϤףȥⲻǸݺôҲˣ
˵ǸǲǷˣ׳ӻЩҪſҪһǮ
̶̵ļʱ䣬˻˲ѾһˣЩ˻֮͸˸סĵطȻһÿһܲ٣һɻ
ÿòƶǸߵӰҲӣûµʱȥǶԻ˽Ȼûڲ˽ǾʹһЩߵ¼
Իз˶һ˵֮ǰ飬ȻЩ֮ǰ˵һЩôȴǵһΡ
һʱ仨Ҳ˸Ƚ
һȽϱ˵ͻˣֵ߶Ի·Щ񾭵ķӡ
֮ǰ˵Ʋ⣬ӦֻһݵѣӦʱõĻϵ˻Ҳ벻ΪλҪô׬Ǯĵطص
⼸˿˵ġǸȱķӶķӡҲδûʲô
ȻӼʹ²˺ܶ࣬ȵ֮󣬴һʵĸһһٶ˵ˡ
һֻԼǼţ˻ȥ㱨飬ΪûʲôȥԼĻԶҪ١
ǽײΪҪʱɹ
ΪʲôֶҲҪ˰ͷʺţֶܾ
Ȼ컨ƺµӣ˸ǰ棬ĿÿǰչʾˣҾԲˣ˵ǻϵļֱȽϸߵˣˣżҲôһУ⧲
սսں濴ţŻж೤ʱֵԼ
ĽһǲŻ㱷˱ԼеҪ࣬ǰδΪʱ伱ȻߺûҶ࿴һٿƲǰͲ󣬼ʹפ˺ϵĸоվǲһġ
ÿ˶Ҫһٵ˼ȥĵ˹ͷȴĸԼôһ˿ͬ
ڴ֮ǰĿеĻһֱһԲϾ֣޿ɸӵ֡
ȻǱԵʱ򣬳ϵǿԽܵķΧڣû̫Ƥ֮ࡣ
ȥԵ˲ǳģǼһǸŮ˺׳պñһ𣬶Ǹݸ߸ıֵһ顣ǵмͬҲи۾Ѫˣ״̬Ů˺׳ҪȶĶ࣬ʹǿ˵ʱ˫Ѫ۾Ҳ˲صĶһֱŰ
Ůһ꣬ڱԵʱͲҼ˻ߵȤһΣȻһȻԤףǲûж̫˺͵͵ĸ׳ʹɫú£ʱǸ۾ǰˡ
Ǹ۾һǰ۾ֱĶŻ߳ԱߵŮ˺Ȼôһ˿æԶһЩ룬ԼҪ֮Ĵ򶷲
Ȼ뿪ļ֮Ǹ˾ͻȻȻֱֱĳĻߡ
Χһ󾪺Ŀǰ˵ҪֹҲˣŮҲǸ۾书Ĵ󲿷书ߣȻڻߵǰǱֹ
ٶ൱Ŀ죬Ůûôһ¾Ѿˣֻڶϡһ죬Ȼ߾ͳɹİ˵ϡ
˶ֻԱ߾ؿš
ŵĺ۾ƽ˵ܰԼɱصĸõ㣬ͲôǱˡ
Աߵ˶վԶԶģǰ
ΪʲôҪɱأִ˹ȥƺţҼˣ֮ǰһһֱڽҪɱ˵Ǹ
΢΢ĵͷյǸ۾Ķߣ¶һëȻĿЦݣʵϲɱˡҲϲ
ǵصɱڿУǸղŻĺ۾ʱ˿̼챻̱ˡ
һɱ˵ĻһҪҰЦ˵ǻһ档
˻ᣬǸƺźû˼İſȻţĿһ׳
֮ǰǸ˰׳ŵˣֵĲҲ̶á
˻Ů˷һӵ׳׳ɫҰ׵Ķݸ߸ȥรɡ
ʵ㲻̫ĵġŮ˺Ȼܽȥɣʲô¶ûС
ôˣݸ߸ŽȻͬ𰸣üë
ԼСû£ȥɡŮνķ׳ˣݸ߸˼Ҳֻܽݡ
Ů˷׳һ·ߵԼſڣȻĳһ䣬ʵԸ񡭡ûҪ˵ôġ
˵ʲô׳һãȻ
ûʲô

174 һ֧оĲ

ͨڻϵɸѡ, ³ɹɸѡһˣ֮ڻµİɸѡһҳ϶Ⱥ;״̬, ϾЩмо״õ, Ҳо״ܲķӡ
ȵȫʰú, ʱѾȥʮ, ۳ԪȻŴ˲úִһԪǻﻹиССԸ͵͵ĹԼʥڡ
ʥڡ
ʵʱʥھѾǸƻ˳̸ȥԱ򼸸С¹Ǻյˡ
ʥڶԻ˵һ˼˶, ң뵱˭뵽ʥ˼硣ͷͿԼԺһáΪߵһһϲֲ߻ĲôƯ׼ʱϵ֮ϲϲ졣
ֻǺӽһ, ´һ͸Ƶ, ϲ, һ㡰ƽ˼
ˣɡ
Ҵߣ͵ʥˡ
Ūʥ, »ͼȺҳ϶һ֤˳ΪĹ̶ˮ, һֱȽĵľǰǵĴcallԵǶôĻǳ²ˡ˵Ŀǰֿչܺõӣ˶еûе㲻ġ
ĿлˮϵͳӦִȶӲ, Ȼ¾ԼĿ»ֱڲˡ
ǿƽЩĹܾӲ̫ʹļŮȻûɶ¾;еִܶӱǻûûǺÿ˶ܻôһġ
˵ˮⶫôģԼҲ˿ûͷǶʮһͳ»е뷨ĳϾͻո¶ͷǵվϽһСţ绹ûзչȵ緢չγһĹģЩСžͻΪһҸòᱻ׷ŵˮ
ʱˣһëɾ
˼·ûĹŴôţ¥ȵȵطͿԱһзչǱվֻǱЩطûнСô򵥡
Իѡ˵ʱһصĶҳ϶ȣȺһ㶼ڻģҶԻŷǳĸ飬ĳԼˡֻȷһ֮󣬻²ŸҷǳȥϾëǿɾţǻ˳ȥҪѱǻΣˡ
ϵǶڻ˵ҳ϶ȸߵ˻ߵģʮôֵû¼ĵģԭڻܵһ룬Ҳûµһջ˽һˡ
Ҳû¸п˹ﻹе㹷Ӽƶ˼Ѿ˾Ȼô˶и飬Ҳôһ˿ꡣȺĴӻ뿪ȻռƻȥԵĵط¾ȻһĻͦ׳۵ġ
Ż¾һ⣬ֵ³ôһȺԻĹ⡭ôһȺԻĹķӣûеãȻ֪ôǡ
統ʱɸѡʱԻ³ֵǸһȻºܲ˳ۣ˼ǶԻĹģߺҲͻҲû˽ΪһȺ˵ռӿ¶ûʲôԻ飬ȻҲûʲô
ֻȺӸôðӸҲһǾôŻ־еϧǵҲĳȥǴֻʺһЩ顭ĿǰҲ㷢йԼ顣
˿ء´ԽعŴһ󰮺þǶڵأȻŴΪսϵҲеķӶᱣֵԹĵطǴ
ԭҲʹԼȥϰʵڲлԴһˡ;˼ı⡣
˵ͷǩ˸ӵĻƽйء
⼸˶Ժ󣬻׼ʱ㱨һ£˳һʱõ飬Ϊ̽»Ҫһʱ䡣
ɻƽһҲһҲġ

˵иѡЩ״̽ʡ
ԡƽǼУʱĻܰҰץҪǱֵĻˡ
ν粻ɣ¸յ⣬ϻƽһʲ֪ԭһ⼸ոաҳߡˡ
ҳǸСרʣƽԭҲµģȣ⸽ĽԺиӿ׵ĵһѡ¥ϴλǸ½ʱıĪĶԻ˵θСɻʱˡ
ԭǸͨͨʦֲôֵµ˿ҲǺܶ࣬ӦһЩСҲѣָо¥¿˸ͨͨСһһȻСòĶͦȫòƻпǸ˺ܶҵ꣬ҪĹһˡ
Իƽ¥ίк˻£Ҳû뵽ԼίһһģΪԼʦʹһҲ͵ˣڿȴûû˵˼
˵ɣšºŲˮпһҪȥԲ˵ԼǿھֵĶãαô鷳
⼸˵£ģһ˳ȥˣ˵ȥʮͤ
ʮ֣ͤһڲ˳˵ոȥλѿط
ʮͤٲòԶһƶߵĵطӣΪŴżȥⶼص㣬صǻ֪ķӺܶ࡭ıضǣǳҡ
ûȻƽ˵ȥʣʲôʱߵģ
Ӧǰ졭ƽ
֪ȥ𣿡ʡ
֪ƽƺǱ⼫ϵٶȸˣһ²Żش
ǿߣȵȣȥмˡ¶˵ͻػȥȥˣʵ˵ԼһȥҲǲҵģΪӰ
ǵȻ»˻һ£ǰʱոհѻ˸˳ȥʣĳЩϻȫ⣬ֻУһѲôĵ˺һ̫ĵķӡ
ˣӦôһأ
һᣬԥѡ˼ӸһߣȻǰǸ
ڲĵЩӣҲ֪Ϊʲô
ȵƽ󣬻ƽе㱻һΪһȺϴ־׵ļһ
ЩϻٶһЩӵԻ²òǴӡ
ƽµͷԥһСһ㡭֮ǰҲί¥ˣеĻ͸Ͻߡ
³ĬһõģҾӦöоġ
ܱЩˡҪоĶɡ


      175 רҵԱ

      ´ôһ˳ȥ ʵôһţֽŵԵɻڶԻǰ˵Ĳס
      ôǰĶˣ һζȺӣ ֮Ա֮Ϊӣ ΪǵԻ·޷ĥ ϵķӸиķ裬ÿĶ̫һ
      Һû˱ȽϺݣڲŸҰȺ˴
      ھ֡𣿡ǱߵĻƽСʡ
      ǹ£߿ֵֹֹĸоȻĿǰĻƽ˵ֲֹܷЩ˵ߣ Ǳʡ
      ǵĴͳ񡣡µ
      Ⱥӳ˷֮⻹иǳĺôǾǸʵҪͬ״̬˸һءʱ¾Ҳͦ˼ģҪǿʵҪ裬 񹦣 Թķ
      ¸ȺĬĬǰʮͤ ƽһ·϶ֹĸо֮ȥֹĸоҲ벻 ּĸо
      ֮ǰٵļΣ״ִһ
      ¶ʮͤһ֪ һĽ֪㡣
      һкܶʵǿķӣڶ滹ŵĲǶѲߡ
      ֪Ѿ˶Ҫһˡ
      Եƽʮͤĵƺͻͣüʱ Ѿ󻨴˰ǵ·úõĴã˳ûʲô·ʵ㡣
      ôֵطƽűü˵֪Ҿһ˹ˡ
      ƺƽôһƶߵĵط̫ˣԾԼСеİŪЩ񾭹ˡ
      ʵҲῴʮͤ浽ô£ܾǰʱĸоǺܺãǻ¶վûиȽȷĸ
      һһҪ·ˣϵĵҲ֡µ
      ˵ԼҲߴõĲǻϵһֻסģȫġ
      ƽС㣬ҲҪϵĵһŪ׵Ļƽ
      ƽЩãȻ´ʱ˿̺ȻһֶǳϤ˽ļƣǸ㲻Ϊʲô֮ǰ⴩ôһûʲôɫ·ôһͨͨĵ
      ܼ򵥡ΪŹѲʱô磬ΪŵĶУٲСѧͽĻȻ¡
      Ȼôһ·ʮͤЩͨ˵ûʲôǺп֪ܶһ·״ʲôǶһЩŵĴ˵ѱһЩЧڻµУʱʱľŲһ飬ʮͤЩǶ֪ģȻĴЩеĻ
      ûҲͦã뻪²õʲôؾ˶Բԡ
      ˳ʮͤߣ¾ȵķֻô˶Ϥӣڽ˻֮ǰҲƯһӣпܾڸŻʦֺɫϡȻǲҪˣػǱԼм̶˿ԹӦϸǡ
      ´ȺٰŵʮͤСţԭĻ·ϾԼ·еǷȱǼ˵Ĵ·һ·˳ޱȣûʲô谭
      еļҲ˶ͨͨСආ¶ó֣ͱ׾ٵĽˡڻϵЩ˵ЩԼ˶ǷСġ
      ҵôһ˿˿ؼҵĸоһ·ͥŲʱʱָָ⣬ʱʱָָǣСĵΧ˵ĶҪҪСĵֻţΪ˷ֹײӵ鷢ѾԼĸйٶ˼¡
      ȻһֱԱΧ۵Ļƽ˵γдľͲָоˡ
      Դʮ֮ͤ󣬾;ֹϵΧߣرãȻĸо
      ͬһϷһǰһĻĻ⧲ľ
      ʮͤôķǻƽ벻ģƽЩߵ˿ôķӺȡίС
      ǰһƽЩţ˵ٿôķӣ⼸ΪϵķӶܵ
      ĺܶ˵ʮͤǸ󲿷˶֪Ǻ˻ĵطԭ޷Ǿǵط̫ƫ̫ãǴĿġáҲ;ѡ
      ǵôķӵʱ򡭡֪еˡ
      ˾£Ψһ΢һĻֻһֱߵǸˡ
      ǸȻһԲǳ˽һʹǿһ۾˴߹Ҳûκεı仯
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      ڻƽĸһֱǺܿµģԵСʱôһӣСӰʱЩͼӡ˿µı־
      ǰһĻĻ˵ͬ¾ȻԵôһЩ
      СġƽǸֻû˵ͺȻȺ˺һӳȥ
      ţ
      ûƽãȻһ롣
      Ⱥȥ˶ŹߣһԲǰЩ˵ʱȴ·Ѿ顣
      еһһҼлǸ˽źһΧȥͬһ
      ǶǰûһȽĸоǿøлĴɱҲģ̧ɱ
      Ǹ˾ˣ󲿷»ƽʲô
      ʲôô͵ˣ
      ƽһãȻΪǰȺ˵̶ȣʼʾ֭뽭ûôһҳӸйίеھ֣ô붼벻ʵϽϾûκһھǻᾭӸйصίеġ
      ĪǰȺˡʲôصĺھ𣿻ƽô룬ʱٿ£ȻоԼ֪ʶѷ
      ǵԽԽ𽥽ʮͤλãһñȽΣ鷳ʱˡ
      жʮͤλõأΪʮͤĹ۲˵ʮͤһǽֵģʽԱԼ̶ֵȳһԲֲλ֮䣬ȻʮͤûǽôĹģҲͨˡܸһطȴҲͦпģҲǹµȴӲĻ˹µļơ
      ʦʹԲλãҲڱȽϿλˣԻϳʦﲻԶʱ˿Щ
      Һôʱ˿̻ƽѵڵҲѾˣû²ٵļǰߡ
      ¿ǰСӣʮŽȥӭľǼӣƽЩţȵߵġʦǳȥʱ˲伦ɹƽͻ¼粢վţĿɿڴĿȫԼĵĳ档
      õġ»ĵԷӣǾרҵġ
      ƽ仰ãȻתͷ
      ߽Ϻڵߵ˵ĻתͷŹƺǶģһֿµЦ⡣
      վĵԺƽԼȻĸɸһ
      
176 ͹

֧ԷӼרҵĶ黨˲ʮӵʹһ, ֱקŮԼһƽѡ
ԭΪƽѻܾ֮ǰǸɽɵСһ, ҲǸΪ˽, ֺĲ̫һǸܺ, Ǹƭܺӡ
Ǹﱻӵ, ״̬Ǻܺõӣ¿δɵѪѭ˿һϤĻ档
ЩˡǸһ·ӵģ
һӾ;, ǶҪҲ߻ħģ
һǼץķӣҪ, ԼæǸߣ̽ĺ, ȻĶ, ѡ
Ǹһ£·ǳ¶Էһ۾ԼͿһ˫۾, ʮСĵȷϵļѨ, ȻԼԹ, һЩԼÿĵ顣
⻰Ǹɴ˶˵ģѧ˳
ϧûͷǸ㣬ڿԸϵġֿտҲĻҲֻô
ԱߵĻƽԼʱﱾһ, ǶԷϴСС˿ȴҲһֵսľĸо, οǰʱ򻹱ƿ, ֻиղһֱվߵǰȥ, СĶ˵Щʲô
ƺǲǰƽĳʲôӿĶΣվǺµİ
оղŻͦɵĻһ¾Ͷĸоʹ˵Ҳ˲ൽֽŸС
ûƽȻҲֽŸУʱ˿ȴҲֻܸŻǣֱ㶵ĿǰһС
ȷ⼸ѨҲſǵģȻ߻ħǰֹ·ôȰѴѨ˿϶õģѨ˺û취תʹ߻ħļˣҲû취ܵ·ȥ
ŻµļĹ˵֪·Լļòƻеã뽭ֻ˵߻ħû˵û߻ħ
һк󣬻´ȺˣǼԭֱŵģղʱı⣬԰Ⱥ˴һˡ
̳Ƶˮ²֪ô£ͻȻȺĳԱҪõĶֻ࣬Ҫиܴùǵ˾Сĳ֮ǰȫû뵽ġ
Թ߻ƽһж̫˳˵㡣
˳ʱ·ɿĳˣ뿪˽ʮ֮һαˡ
һ˽΢ǽӣֿ˿ڵϵѪȻŻ뿪ķ˿
һᣬִ˳ȥȻ󽫷βϡ
ͬʱڳʮͤ·һ˾Ͷֵ׷
ƽֻõսľ׷ٶԺܿ죬һֲƵѹȸУһЩȴϵˣͷҲֻ̧ƴسǰܡ
ָоǸĳֿĵһְֹЩոϵƺŹЦݵҲҲԵĳ嵭ϵֲֿϢ
˲֪೤ʱ䣬һֱʱǸڣϤ·ʱƽ˿ͬʱҲߵƺҲԷ
׷ɻڣǽľʧˡƺЩ׷ʮͤƵСһǵӾܹļޡ
ŻƽѣԼЩ˻ȥĳԼ˿ȻԼ﾿ʲô϶˵ʲô
ʮͤĲ櫵˶ˡ¿ǼķӣЩǲǸһҲǳˮֵأ
ȵڽ󣬻ִ˼·ֻ˼һȦڻص˳ĵص㡣ʱɫѾƽѾ˯һˣݳҲΡ
Լ۾ýһ˻Ǵ̼
ԱߵĻƽʱҲԺˣһۣԱߵĻ¶ĵѾˡ
ʱĻѾժߣƽǸˡ
Իƽһŵ㰲³ȻǾͿԷֵˣǮһμʱҡ
ôƽԻƽ˵ûƽоһֲʡ
ϾӦкܶ˵ģһȥʮͤĸоҲʲô򵥵飬мһЩûвൽΣ顣
˾ôƽƽ˵Ļ˵ĴλС֮ǰСŵĸоȼֱǻ
ƽһᣬȻΪֵȾˣŻ£ȻʶĵǾ͡͵¥Ǳ߰ɣ˳·¥ǵίиˡ
¥ҲίУ·ʡƽ˵ͷ
˵仰ֿ֮ۻ£ƽϾȻֳһ˿Ц⣬ЦȴͬѰô˵һһ¥Ⱑͦ
ƽ֪Է¥ǴӺζģ¥ΪĿǰһɱ֯Ҳһͨʦ۵ġƽֲһ䣬һҲ¥ģҪȥ¥˵ġ
˵⻰ԵɴһǰʦϾϸҴ¥ھ־Բ࣬⻰һְˣԼ֪һεû¥Ͳô¡仰ǵûһЦü
ʱѾͣ¥ſڣöԷ˳ߵʱƺʲôԵĻ벻Ҫ̫ҵģΪƽʱǴߵģԲ뱻֪ҵӡ
Ҷƽǳ˽⣬ΧȺ˾һߵļƣ»ƽҲʹƵߣֻǱԼôһ¸ͻȻײĿԲű
׼˽úôһ£ߵĸھǻֵߣ˲ġ
ǰҪô죿ƽͻȻԥʵǸոձȻѣð֮һôȻģȷԼò˵ʵ
Ҫʣ͸
ƽ⻰е⧲Ϊû뵽¾Ȼô˳ģǽŻֿ˵һ仰
ҪңǾ͹һѳӷȥأƽС㡣
ڹĳԶȥ֮󣬻ƽбԼĹۣ֪ΪʲôͻȻʹ˸¡
֪Ϊʲôԭ¸ѣļˡ
ո˻µĻͻȻⱲӶ͸¶һ

177 һͽȫԱͽ

ڻƽĿ, ôһߵ˻ʲô˺µĽɫϾ֮ǰļνӴбֵö, Ҳֻ΢ôһЩ졣
ʱȥһŵ, ʶһŹŹ, ֲ, ֵͬһȺϡŹֵ˭߲ˡ
ȻȽϸɵľǻƽʱǾ仰һ, ¶˾Լ˵ȥڻԼ˵Ǿ仰ҲŻƽֻڵ˵һʵ
ʭӶ˲ҧ̬ʹ˾·ػ̬¶Լ©ʵҲûôģƫƫֲô̬Ȱѻƽһ
ĿǰĻ˵, мΪҪ顣
Ǽʮͤķӻ˻, Ȱѻļݵ˽˹
ǰиطʱרŸѶ, طĸ˳ϵǸС, м, һͷںڵ㷢ĺ۾Լ˵ûκ˻ῴĳǸġ
Ҳû¿ʼԼڱҲô͵, СܻҪһ㡣
󣬻¾һĬĬؿԼ, ʱʱһЩ⡣ⶼȽϼ򵥣ֱǡϲʶ櫡, ǲˮֵˡ, С˭ǹģ
ͷԷ˷񶨵Ļش, һѶûסʹ˵һ˵֡
ϼʵһΪʲôأ¥ġ
ʲôرҲ¥˺ܳʱ䣬һȺôһڸеģļҲӡֻ˲û˵仰ѡ
ϢһʱϢĸоﻹûʲôӦأͺȻǰ˵ıȻüʹһһߵ죬ңҪȥ
Ľ¿·³һĶǸƺ䶯صܡ
һĻѻŵͷƤ飬ԺеĵһӦȻǡʲôصļ𡱺͡Ҫƿ·浽ʲô
ĵһʵͦԵģȷʵĳصļ棬ǰҲй
Ǹ˵ʱѾˣ¿ǹŹֵĹ·صδţʱҲֻ˶̶̼Ӷѡ
ȻµĶ䲶׽һּ΢ǰ˵ıȻӿѪ۾ٵȥһϸСģһĴѪ˿Ķǻİϡ
һ룬Ȼ۷ס
ﰲһᡣ
Ź˼ӣ²ŷӦ
򶨣ʵﶼµİԼַıӵ¸˼롣
Ӧûˡ
°˻ʵѾеˣûˣûôɴģĻôĪġǴʱϵ˶ֳܱһ˿һ
Ի¾ͱֶ߰״̬Ѷ˽ˣͷһǼͬɱҲѾˣǰһ
ϵ˱ֵǽһǼͷСʱġ
ʮֵѸ٣ҼһûУԻ²Ÿûһ֮ǰȷʵ˼룬Ϊʱ̫̣ԻҲûʱȥע⣬ֻעȫԼǰˡ
Щ˼ͬһʱģô»ŸոзȥСγ棬һɿͷ
Ƴ桱
¥ɱֱõһֶǰ¥Ҳ¹ǻ±Ƚϸ¥ĵڰԼĹƳ͵˳ӵģԻûʲôȥһ¥ɱֱƳɱʲôӡ
϶ǿģǻʱʶһЩѪȵĶҲͷһο
¥͵ֻƳҲܸıʲôƳȻһԶ࣬ҲһֻƳԿƺܶɱ֣ǻ°ϹƳŪʣµɱֱֹ¹Ƴˡ
껪¿С˵ʱ򣬹ƳһֵĶԸҲΪⶫǺһ
컪¿˺Լˡⶫһ㶼˵Ļһ㶼ߡ
ӦñΪֲһȥ
Щʬµڷתǰ¥ͬԴĹƳʵ֤˸ղǼɱ˵ȷģӦǱ̶һʱ䣬ڹ涨ʱûȥǿ¹ƳͻᷢȻԼ֪֪¾дˡ
ô⣬϶¹ҲҪԷŻȥġ
¥ĹƳ桭˵ʵϳ˲࣬Ͼ¥ɱֶ˽ﴦãʹˣҲϢˡµ¥Ϊʲô˸ˮһľٶ滹ŵʲôĹ
תط׼Ϣһᣬתͷ뵽һµ⣬ҵ裬ƽ񻹰¸¥ίаɣʲôͶͶĻƽӦû졣
п¥֪ʲôԽ˶ĿһڲҲֻһ͵͵ԸȺ¥ɱָʲô
һӽ᲻˶Իƽ־ܿóˣǰһֿܣڻƽȡǿ϶Ҫȥ龿˭һȥһƽġ
һֿҲƽھǰȫģȺ¥ͬȥһƽֻģܻСһѡ
µʶƽĿǰȫ᧿ΣתͷԸżʵǿȥƽ߶š
ʵﻪϣǺһֿԵģΪǰһ˵¥˶ڿ磬Ǻһֻ֡˵¥ͽ˵¾ѿܸ׽һ㡣
ѿûûΣʵҲǸͦСŮ˰
û˼˺ܶ࣬ȻĿźüԼǰҲȷʵЩ˵̼ºԽԽ¡
ǸʱϲϹˡ
ͣĻ˰ٲãȻԼСЩ߰顣
ȻڻиΪֵ⣬Ϊʲô׹һֱû͸¶ȥǰΪе֣ڿʼ˸뷨ĪѾ¥ЩŹֵĶԲŻ¥ôһ
¥ĹƳҲ´һȫµ飬ԭҲǴֻõĶģ⧲Ķ
ڹ˲֪೤ʱ䣬źȻһˣ̽һСԴ
תͷŰԴ̽ʶϵı飬ôˣ
ҽ£˯šһ˵һСĹһӱܲ͸磬˲ˣһȥһ
ϸһǱһЦһİ˹ӣԼһȥͷ׼ĵطȥ˯ˡ
̹׵˵ôһţ鵹һ㣬Сǻõġ

178 书

, һͦÿԸܺ, еǿĵغôһ硣
ÿŮͯʱڶйôһ룬ǾϣиڼҴ, ĴžŮһŮʱڵ㽡ţȻµĽβڼҴȢһĴ㣬ȻܺӡⶼҪ
Ҫ, һڼҴ, ֵߣǡڼҡ־;ضʲǫ̂Ľɫְҵҽ, ʦѧħ̽, ĳԪߴĽɫƲϡڼҡ֡
¾ԼûûεİԼĵ˴ڼҴˣҲûʲô, ֻûԼҲеĸо
ʹڰٲָоҲǲ, һǾкǸ, һͨ˵, ˵˶һֻؼҵĸоԻǵ߾ܷ
ڻ, ²Ǹͨ, Ҫĺϴ
, ²ǸͨˣҪĺġС
ǰ²ǸͨˣҪȻĿǰǸͨѧͽվǱأĽˡ
ֻڰٲﻪżһصͨ˵ĸоҲϲǰװһͨĴ硣
ǻ°Լһͨˣڱ˵ڼҴݵľͲΥ͡
뻪±ͷȥԺ˯ûסʱԱиһֱ͵͵Χۣ˾ڰٲöһСԼ˫5.0͵顭
ͷ뼷ģǻ֮⻹ôСӾֹŹֵ֪ΪʲôСӻһЩ˲£硭ӣ硭ӣСխְĵط
εתͷŰйסĿǰûʲôˣͻ뿼һǰʱǼС
ܺӱȿɲһܺӻһ⻰ĸջƵˣֻ֮ǺܵĴӺԺóԼĽȻ˻µǰһ˵ĵݡ
СӶӵ𣿻²ֻʶԼôһСӣһ˵ڿԵʱôӦöѧԼɡ
ҲûȥԺΪһ뿴Ҳе˼ԻûȥϺԺֻǰѴӰ˼ѣмճһء
˸ӣһһȻЦ˵㹥ǲҪĶˣһʧˡ
ԼǰѽŻµСϷǳ档
ͻȻŲ߿ڰٲöס˺ܾˣ֪СŮ֮ʲôϵٲҲû˾ٸȵСǻ°ͽܣ˵СﻹǰٲĳԱأר԰׷ģοҲδز¡
ο֣һֱûôعСǽ쿴ⳡʹǸСҲȻһӾԵĸо
»ûע⵽ֶʹע⵽ˣҲһʲôӦϾֲֵֹһڴү¥Сöڴ֣Ҳֻеһѡ˵ϵĳһطҾ
溰ôûˣ΢ôһͰƨ
ĬĬΪʲôû취ǰԼһͨˣ͵͵ĸԷ硭ħϷУʺϸɵӦMT
ŵĻǻõǰѽһԼӻҵĽ⽣ʲôʵԼΪʱ»ᱻʲôһ۾ϳȻŸʲô鷳⽻һסģģʹûʲôҲġ
Ȼ󻨴͸׽һüһ綼֪⽣ɶõҲǱֶȫ飬ӻ¾ͷǳİ⽣̸綼ϲĽҲûϵĳˡ
¾̰࣬Ͱѽ½ͼ˵ɴ಻Ҫ⽣ˣѧҲȽۣʹ׽ֳһ˼ĸŻѧ
ΪԸһ񾢰ɣĻҲԼӳڶޢ껪ͳһصе·ڼǰĻСһ
ﰲĿıΪϣǰŽЩȣѾܹɵҵһʵˡ
ûóȻĹģȹ۲һ»ûģĿǰʦȻеڵĿ˵ȫѹûôء
Ǳ壬ΧҲڿ֣һȺֵ˵ƺҲûа档ʱȻͳˣǰѽһԶԻͦٶȳȻڽ˵￴ô죬ΧȺͨ˵ȴѾ㹻ˣΧƽϲĴү˲ֽкá
һʱֵĸС԰Ƶġ
ɿжĳģš̺ȣҲ⼸ûһ˿иٶվôһ㣬ϾʮſʼģѾЩˣЩҲġ
ٶڻѾˣԻɵĽסǰѽ˸½Сĳָͷס˽Ǹȫˣƺ
ȻٶΧ˵ǿǷˣǶֻǰһȻͿĽ˰·ϴôһ˿˿Цݡ
УСͲú𣿡
ô˼Ͳˡ
ΧΧȺǷ׷׷ȻҲûʲô˼󲿷ֻǴΪϹѣ
ôɵĽסˣҲеãȻΧȺΧȺһֻϹ壬ôµĶҲ΢һ㶫ˣһ㡱֮ķӦ㲻ٹ⺰ţơ͡666ȥ˼⵽ô£ЩʱһЩʵȲ˸ܿһ׻ǲס
֮ͬǰֻΪǸȽĴ磬ٿʱȴȻֵӼѾ⼸̸ж
˵ǰҪ۲һ˵Ҫ۲ԷĶƶĳַʽͳַ񣬻¾ͼ򵥵һУ÷붼ףͰĽסˡ
ô£
¿ı飬˲ʲô˵书޼᲻ݣ޿첻ơ
˵⻰ƺģģģȫûʱ˵ôϸ׶ڴʱ˵⻰ƺˣƺ
ϤһָоʮͷһνӴ
ǱһˬĵСҲһ㶼ˮ㻹Ǹʲôأ
ʵҷˡС˵ûָüȺȻһֱ㶵Ŀˣ˵ɶҪôſ

179 

ΪŻµʱʵ̫, Ȼûֳ︡߰뷨, ȴڻ¼ôµʱ, ͷת˹ȥ
ôһ¾ȫûа취ȥˡ
ǰСòȫûö˵ʲô, Ҳûٶ˵תͰŪȥˡ
ʣµļүȻߵ, ɢɢ
˵ڴ֮ǰһֱǸھӼСƨ, ھѾȫ˸Ƕȡ
˽뿪ֻһ˽Сĵ׼, ȴڸ˼ʱȻһקסˡ
һ˲ͷ󺹡
ָо, ˵С, ҲʲôģɱԵ, ղôһק, ˲Լ·һʱը
Ļˡקס, ˳Ǹݸ, ʶʲô˲ͷϵĺ, ĵ, Ǹ͸ʦġ
˵ת, ÷ɿ졣
ʦЩãȻȻĿǰ˵Ĳ֪㲻ʦҲȷԷ˵ġʦǻ»ԥһỹ͵͵İŻչ, 滭Ķ, 뿴⾿Ӧø˭
⻭ʲôãȻĿŻ, Ȼûпôһ£ϡֻܿü˸ƯŮˡ
ŻƯ
˵Ŵˮī⾳Ͱ⾳һֺڽӵɫɫˣɫǱɽˮԼƬƬס
ӳ֮ǰҲǸС㣬ڻ֪ҲֻԼҹҵЩʹǾǰǻһǰŻļֵվ̫˽⡣
ȻŻȥ˻¡
ŮйصĿ϶СƽʱûʲôƢܸо⻭ᷢһЩܲ˵顣
ӵŻĻѾʱˣȥҩģָ˵ӻ֮ͣʱʱѾȥ˺ܾá
õŻʱһʲôȻͻȻ
ǸһԼ()ĺ£ȻԷӦһŻ
ûָһܻͨͨʲôõĻڶԷûǮһ㶼ǳɣǵŻĵһʱ䣬зһʣ
һ룬ַһͬĶʣ

͵İѻŵϣȻɿĳ濴һۣǼûӰƽϲ飬¶ľҲѾϰΪû˲źȻųһ亹
ȥ˭Ǿ𣿻ǵƤһ£
Ȼ⸽Ӧвٽее׼ȻôһӰȥٵˣµ״̬ȷʵǿ֪µŵ̽ӾȻû
֮УĬĬ˹ۻеĻЩ˵˭ģ治
ôһʣŷ⻭ӡҲûС
쳣ӵȻڹ˵ʮֲ˼ģϸǸӡǲǲġ
⻭˭Ŀţ˭𣿡
ǣǱҵġºٿȥ濴ʲôæѻ𣬱Ͼ黹Ϊ𱬵ģһʱ벻Զ벻
׼úõѯһ½˭ǻ˵ģ˵Ǹ˭
Щµĸо»һԼоٶ©ĵطȷʵܶ࣬ȻѾˣҲںǰ˼һ£¾ԼЩеЩooc⣬ӦҲûʲô׵ĵطˡ
ĵȥô⧲˺ѷӰ˵˭书ߣǺܶ˻ڵһʱ˵˵Ṧδ֮¡
ʱɫ֮£ٲмʮԶĵطǰȴȻһ·ˡ
ߡƺϵǰˣԸûоȵķӦ෴ܵľôͣˣȻȻĿǰǸˡ
öδˡס˵ò㣬Ҫúõġ
Ǹ˴һɫĶҲһߡǻϵ˻ɵ֡ϵһŴߣʵʵ۾춼û˿ڡ
øݣһϣԱʵϲֻܴ˵жӦǸеġ
Ӧ֪İɣʡ
ûлش⣬һ
֪һҪ顣Ǹǰҡ
˲͸ܵϿµɱû˿ԥתҪܣȴ˲䱻һö֪Ӻδķڸˡ
Ƿڴ˵зɳֱֱĴ̽ĲѪһӿ
˲͵أǰûжעӣǰĿͶĻ¨ó˼
ɫѻչ˿еˣƺǲûʲôȤǰѻ뿪
˻ԼտյĻ¨ЦŵĪ
ոǸҲδɱȻṦⶼܷϣȴϣҪǰɱˣ˶Ҳ鷳ġ
ֻԼ֪ǰ͸˵ҪΪ˶ȥ˸ŵ˱Ƚ϶ĵطֵطΨһɵĵط
ķټȻ󵨣ֹ⣬õӣ˿ʲôס
ԼĻ¨±ϣǼŻϵˣǼͼ΢˵㣬Ȼǰˡ
ڹŴһܰ˻ߵĻʦϡԴϾĻʦţǾǻͨľѡˡ
һ߰İʲôӢ۰񣬱˰񡭡ʲôϳ˭أȻһֺû
԰ĻֹǺã൱ĺãŵ˰ĿǰΪֹûʲôԡ
ԼĲӣͳЩԼĲһͿ˲ֹѪȻɫ¼·
ģЩҲˡͬһСҩ͵͵ȥ
Ȼˣм˫۾ġ۾£Ҳʲôֵ¡
룬ͳһָ׸ǴСֽȻͳһ֧רдӬͷСıʣд˼С֡
Ҫȥǰٲˣ䲻ҪǸС
дԺͳһССӣӡ
һֻϷ׹ĺƮƮķ˹ȻƮƮķˡ

180 

ǰЩֹ˸¥, Ŀǰ˵˲ٿ˿ڡ
˼رÿȥ˰Ȼ˳Ҫ뿪ǰͣһۡһ, ˲ڸ߸ߵ͵ͺ̵пһȺļһվ
ʲôĬĬ²ۣΪʲôȻͱĳ˻粻ͬһһﰡ
ĳϰѡνĿĻ, ǰ˹ƾڵһоͻڶΪǰ, ˮ鲻˵, ഺĸо˾÷ǳ, ؼһֱһرɰЦ˿ž;Ǹرɰ̤ʵһС
ڶԷӻϻ£¾ôȥˡ
ҲǸ¥ģ±һϾǸ¥󲿷ֹԱŮͬ־ͻȻôһе, ҿҲ̫ʺϵι깫ôһɫģ¾͵ÿһǻǲ˽￪չ˵ʲô֧߲ҵ
ǵġǰЦݿɰɢഺϢкرʵ˵
ڻﰡƽĶ仰ֻ, Ϊǰк˳Ҳĳ¥Աĺ, οΤС»Ҳû, ˭֪кתͷһ˵Ĵ𰸡
ǸѹʧصķӵġǸкЦǺǵĵ
һ˲Լ, ٲ̫̫˻þ̧ͷ죬ֵͷ˿ǰһõк, ͷʲôⶼС
һȥﱨ˵ȥˡʱŷḻũһ, ھҵҵļԼׯҡ
Ҫ˵¾ԻҲԭ, ֪󲿷ֶǷӣѹסôһȺȻķӣƱػһȺˡ
˵ֵӸͲԵȣ˭֪顣ҺȻѡ˸ǽ취Ľ취Ȼڻ֮ǰܱôʱ䶼ûбȻҲԭģϸ۲ԭ֣˱ȷٵһֵѾȫɡ䡱ˡ
ڻһط˵ǵƽֻʮҵӣڹŴҲϲǵĿǰսʱڣеƫ¡
˾Ͳһˡط˵Ҳϼ޻Ľɫ˵**ǿ
Ե·˻ֵǿ˺󣬷Ǵ󲿷ֶʮϵʱҲͲôˣȻͿһ⣬һഺˡ
ⲻӦðĬĬ룬ܵѵʱڵ𡣡
˵ǰʱ仪ֹ˸¥ڻȻҲһʲôĵϢϾʱԶҲ޷⻪йڴɬµִԡĿǰΪֹһֱһǳȶ̬ӪҵţڰƻûкܺõЧǰ£ܹ𻨴ôһˣһܹǻƵأʵԭġ
ԭڻ¿Ϊۡ
ڻӪҵʱʱ䷢չΪŴȦģǻʼͽɢ˼֯мģûܹ̫ŵǸȴȵСۻ֣統ʱڴСܱߵŮˡ
µʱҪǡһȺÿģģ׵ģǱˡҪ֪ڻϡ;һȽϺĴˡټϡס޶ʣҵĹȻһȺɵ
ʣһȺ˻¾״̬쳣ֱֻڻСݣʣµһЩȻЩŹ֣̫ɥķӣһЩȻԲ˵ϡס˵ˣ¾ȫӵ˽ϸ
ʱ뷨ͦõġЩȻ̫ʵİƻˣû±ڻµģȻ˲ҲҵɣҲֹʲô۶
Ԥһ㣬ôһӣԳ˵¡
ЩˣȻҲǺͻϵİǲָʾ硰Щ¡͡Լ֮ģⷽ滪û̫ĵģֻȫûЩֹ֧ҲǸŪһЩԼ书
ȻȺ󲿷ֶ¥ˣȴȫû´۾
µĸһֱһû˵Ϊ̫СԲ飬ǾйҪʲôİ⡣ѡһһʼȻ׵ģЩ׵˴󲿷ʵ㲻ûһȻҲûӳڲʵ
˵˵һкܶõԴȨƣɫǵȣô˵ǰѡɫ淢ӵ˻ǣļû¥ȾȻⷽ沢ôϤЩ֮ǰ¥Ĳ֡
ڻĵ£Щ˻ûƷζһ˼ζ
ǾȻԷǳѸٵ̬ܳһҵĳΡ
ЩǷӻˣҲöԸڻϣôȷʵǰȺ˸˳Ѿ£ڲȷʵǳ˺ܶˡ
һǳóٵʦ֮ǰֻڻյ֮ˣڳ֮Ȼ츳ĿǰڽҲѾΪһСʦֻΪԭϸԵʣǻĵطǷ糾һЩݵ˲мǼˡŮȴ⣬е㵱ķ񡭡
ǸȽعصʦһȺ˾ûʦô޴־ˡ
ǲԼƯԼڻ¥ҵꡱľ飬ʼͷԼɹķЩ˵ġ
ǿɲɵ𣬻Ҫû½ҪɹڣҪ©ɵЦһԼһͬԼıһ
ѵʲôʵ籾𣿡²ۣǰࡣ¥ԱѡЩɵǸӦ˵ѾŪ˸ȦĳΡ
ȻҲ˶Իǿзࡣ¥им֮ģЩ˺ܾãȻͬȺԼɫĻֻнһľٶԵ¿Ŵ桰Ǳ򡱳ֵʱԼúԻá
̵ǣһȺôɵ˾ȻĻĲ˱ϿǶ൱ġ
»Ҳܶ˵ϾɬҪģǵԸزڵ·ǴҲܶ˵ʲô
Ҳ̫ණڻĸıҲڴˣ˵ⱾǸӾ۾ӵأܰطѾܲˣڲĶ(Ŀǰȫ˱ֻɻһ)ʵЩ
ҺΪҲףĿǰгɵĶһȺżĹģȻҲ̫ˡ롣
¸ĵһǡɱĿǰ˵ΥеѵģΪٷ֮ʮŵŵĽ˶Υ˶飬²ͼ˵һȺǲ
ȥ׳°¿ĳż񡱵ݣľеΣʼԼҪҪѽһһЩ鷢
֮УģĹ̶вͬȴҲơ

181 

⿴ǺܿɰĬĬؿһСĳ˵
ǰ, ѾһƬʬҰ첲ɵĳţǳʬͳȣ׵׻۾ȶ, һ⡭
ϴλ¿Ǹ˷ַŪĹƳ֮һ, Ȼ¥ǿŹɱǵģγͨƷǣ
˵Щ̫˵ɡ¾øɱ˱⵹ڿԽܵķΧ֮ڡԼ˼ֻӣ͵͵ĸ˸ʵ飬ʵĲοȫڻĲĲ顣
Ȼֶתһ뻪ͻȻ־òǺ⡣
Ȼͦ޺ġǻǱλǵĸо, Ϊ߱˵ǵһ츳Ըʣ, û˧Ŀǰǵ, ߻è˸һͻȻ콵״ͨζΪ˾, ¶ϡ档
һ߶ϵĲ裬һ߻ĽԼʵ顣
Ҫǰһѳӽһ׵ûʲôҪ, ΨһҪҪաκһֻѳ
ξҪѡιӵġϡˣЩȻҲкܶĲͬιȻͲλôιӵһҩ, ҩط󲿷Ǳܵ, ҩҲ̫, һͺá
ѡӷŽѡĳƷȻҲн
һѳӷŽȻóԺúȵĹǣ˵Ҳ͸Ҹƽˡιǵġҩ衱Ȼ̫ࡣųɱ֡С
еĳӲҪ̫࣬ӳֵһֻʼġСͻѸӿֱеĳӶʼ궯
ȻЩصġ˼ԻۺȷۣҪҲץǽڴ󲿷ʱ̣޷Ҳֻһ֮
ЩصĳӱɹƾȻôĳЩʱȻҲ͵һķʽȺͬá
ǾҪʦҩˣǵϾȻֶУµһƲûսôѶȵģֻѡ˼սǿҶĳӣµҩ֮ǰϵĴĳʦ仨¥ʱұɱȻ󱻻͵͵ҩ衣
ϡŹֵĶܶʮġ
һ׳žĴ˺ü죬ȵûˡ¿˸׺Ϳ⡣
һͨͨ죬;޴󣬻΢͸еĳӡ
°Ѹ׸Ǵ֮ǳӻѭ⳯桰һۣë޵Դѻ¶ĵһ¡
ΪʲôôĶһĵԼļѪڸ˵ڷǰѾڸ˼ˣǿ˵̫ǿĹƳ滹ٵһΡ
֮Ѫ֮ĿǰΪֹѾĹƳˡ
Ūһ֮󣬻ȫӦòҧ˿鲼ţСİ⡣ƽõԼǰ˿Ȼ˳Ĭ
Ǳ˵ڲͬôĳӣµҩҲһʱǸʦҩҲûκ˵ԻĿǰϵӣģֻһֻӶѡ
Ǻǡǳ˳顣
ðɣԼǵϲѣҪĿľǿжˡ
ѳսһСϻȻι˵㶫¸ĳЩͬǲᷴɵģԭϽⶫԼʲô˺Ȼôɡ
ʶ˽ôĶ󣬻ԺȶøѾÿγԷ֮ǰĳӵĵزˡ˵Ҳ֣һ죬һӰûУ˵ֱǲ˼ġ
±ΪԼϰ䣬ϵɱСϲ(Ҳ)ٲͬһƬеȴİԻ¾Ͳò˸˼·
Ϊ¥˸߰ҩݵԵʰɡ
롣

ڻɿ棬ʵȴϹʱȻ
һ˵û΢ƽһЩҪƽҰĶࡣ
ػѪûг֣ҲֵţûбǵӰ֣¥µҪץȥҲûʵ֡
롭һһţƺļĲùػӲҰ󣬼ʹͨҲ˵ˡӡʣһ꼴ʹͨ˶һεĿֲ֮С
꽫ٲҲȾһ˿աִ᲻ʲôζˣʱҲ΢ıŴζȾһ£˼ҵĹĹ갡ǰһ¾׼֮ǰʲôóԵˣòƻҪջؼȥҳ
Ϊʲô»ôأΪһ֮ǰԲԻ²˷·ԶҲ䵱֪İ̵Ļ´˽⵽ب֮ĳǿĽ׼׵̡
⣬òҲʼæµˣ´ԶĹͻȻйȥɻ
ţһȥĵطǷǳ棬ӲҪ˵ĻſԸǰͬС
֮ǰĻûнвҵĸĻǾӦͬˡ
ؽÿﶼֵһ˵ʵڡϽĶÿ˶һƬǷֹصʱ˴ʲô
ŹҲͦװ롣ͷҲûӰѣҲû𣬴ľôӲקȥУȻ⿴Ҳôۡ
ʵǽȱʹ֮ǰһСֶȥɡԴʢ֮󣬻µ˾ͻһ۵Ĵү̡
ĵֶÿȥͺãһҪñ˾ǵֳ㡣
³Ĭҿɲô⣬Ҫȥơ
ôҲСү忴Űɣע㣬һʲô£˵ѱСѱ
¿۵̣ȷʵǶôѵһطΪʲôֻôԽأ֪ŵѾһԵĶĳЩȽϴķȺ硭ˮ֣硭ʮͤ
һû棬һʧٵģ
һĳô죿̽ʡָƬط޹أֻǸȽ϶ĵطѡ
ĵطǿڶԾѾˣΪĶˡ
˵ɣҾòʲô£˵ȶţϾ˹ȥү˵ˡ
Ǿ˵ʱﲻ̫ŵˣʹҲһʱˣ¿˿Լдšȫϵꡱĵطа
ΪʲôҪΪطȷʵ졭
Ŀǰм滹㲻ġż񡱡һƬġ

182 

ȫϵ꣬һƽְĵط, ﻨ, , һԵá
ȻֽβǸꡱ, Բطһ, ʵﻹǸͦС򣬾״ȻǳãҲ
Ҫɽˮз羰, ǰҵů˼ǸɶԸСһֱӸ߲¡⻹кܶʩҵڽͬȹģСҲϺŵˡ
˺ܶزôطָܰԼʥ, Ҳ֮ǰʥ֮һƵĵط飬ڽһƬ
ֻ˵йشﲩ⽭һ͹»ˡ
ҲûԼϼȥ, ϼӦûǹ, ȥ˵ֱӲθŴ˵ĵط, ˼ȥҲֻнһƬط˹ñȽˡ
ȫϵط, ŵ˲֪, ǻ¸Լظ˵, ȫϿϺгѺõǰ֮ڡΪʲô¸ôƶ, ǿܾ͸⼸ϴйء
ǰʵе, ǾµϴѾ൱ɾˡ
ҹջеѣķӻ¾ԿԱ֤ǲˡ
ǰ˼ȺŵĺǺˣʱҪ˶ˡ˭ҵԻӵ״̬ȹڰµȺ˾ܡ
⣬ȺӦûȫϵһƤӣһֱƽĶȹ
פȫϵģһСӵ״ִ󲿷СӻһֲֲΣյ˺ܶĵط
Сòģ֧ԮͣҲ˵ǿ⼸ֻȥȻرæ˵㣬ʵҲԽСһ㡣
¸˵£ڰٲó겻ڼҵԱ򷴵ںӣ±Ҳûʡ
ڻ뿪¸пһ䣬˵û˳ʲô˵ҲɡҪǻڽϴ˵Ҿˡ
˻ˣ˵ͼ˰ˣҪܴһҽﵱѧͽ
Ҳԡ˰֣Ͻ߰ɣȡڹ֮ǰ
û˼˵궼һܻϾ񾯲죬ֹԽԽæǷôӦţһء
ƽĶۣطȥûʲô˼ȻֱӸŵ˵Ǳˣ˶ؼҹȥɡ͵ȹˡ˵ȥôƽ˾ĵطʲô˼
ʲô˼
ʲô˼

һ͵ĿǰǸ޴̨վŵŮˡ
Ů˵ϿԿóûлʲôױֻǼ򵥵Ϳ˸֬ͷ򵥵̵һߣ۽Ǳһֻչɵĺ
Ȼ򵥵ױݣȴͬ·Ů
̨ô첼ţֱֻһѴ󳤵ֱһѴʯŵӺһССӣĸ֡
ס
˲Լ޷
ȫϵĵһ죬ڴ֮ǰѾܾöûˣйȫϵһлϵ˽ѡ
ڴ֮ǰ֪ȫϵĵżòȻ˵ġӲˡ
ǵģӲˡ
ִʲôȯʲôԳʲôѶټ΢ţǹŴ˾Ӳ˶ˡ
Ȼ϶ǶɬĿ϶Դһ룬ǻӲһ㣬֮ǵĻ뻹ҪӵֻҪӮˣͿԱߴŮϱˣ
淨ǳķζ
ִĻ΢Ӧһ¾ͽ趨ΧҪȺԼһȺΧǴԽҪȺɱֵĳõ
ջĿշǾԶģҺǰüﶨ˼䣬Ȼһһģ˼պϡ
ףͷһοһСͨ죬һߺһ߿Ʋס׵ĺ̨Ȼǰֻˡ
ϰ壬֮ǰ˷ġ¼ѵļ˹ԼеƱϣԱߵĿջϰһĽ˹òƶӴȺѾֲֵӣ˵Ŀջ⼸챬ġ
λ׵Ůһֺ͸ڽԼڵĸڽֵȫgdpȻͷûиgdpռʲôģǹ⿴ģ֪￪ĿѾ׬ˡ
ǿʲô׬Ǯأû͵˰©˰Ǹɵʲô飬Դ޷ҲϷ裬⼸ࡣ
ǸܴĶʹһ⣬ȻԸ⻨ôǮ밮ԣ׬Ŀ϶ȰٵġΪϰĻֱʡ˻Ǯ밮ɴֱðˣˣǮȻҲˡ
˳һᣬŮС׵һǻµģȺǶ䡣
Ի¿ԼóȥƱû˿ۣƱ˶ûûԼһ֣¥
ңȥµĻû˵꣬һŵСǺ
˵㲻ǳȥǳȥװɡŮСôûޥһշѱףֻǵgdpѣСӳȥҲóԷˮʲôġ
һ뵽¿˵·ǿ˽ӣ˻֣һܺ˵ӣȥɣ֮ǰʱҵˡ
áһ·ˣ˲в˶µ࿴ȥر˵֣һ׵õˣ׬Ǯ£ºֶΪء
ȻҲ֪Ŀǰȫϵ갲ȫԼҵǰ¡
˷Ļһɣϴûй÷ɣԺôöãȻӦǲܵġ
˵ղű׵ǸŮҲ˭ˣⲻǵػϵŮģЩ߲֪ˣ»޵˵ѹģǻڻϴŮҲͻȻʧˣº˼ңҲûȥҡ
ԱҲҪ츳ģŮǿǵŮƵػ϶ĽɫȻɵһˡ׵ĽҲǲĵġ
ЩػӲҰҪôױܣǻ¾͵ÿǻϵطˡ
ͷǳľ˯ˣ˵⼸˯̤ʵһ졣˵صص˾ԲǾٻǶĳЩ˵òƾͲ
˵ŵĳˡ
´Ȼ󲿷ֶȫǣô˫ȫ˵ġ
һǵҲһڻûƵ£ȥ˹䡣ڹһʱһֵ¡
ȻһƬӰ֮С


183 תŵĳ

ǵС籾ڽߵĺúõ, 黹ͦ, طĿǰ㲻
ɽˮŮ, Ķͷ˾òҲǸôѴˣĵһҲû˵¹ѻ, ֱӾǳһ£֤ҲǸͦ˾¹ٸߵ, Ĳˡ
ͱ˼ٽţϵǲڸոʱǸ׵ûʲôȤʲô, ǾԼòûܱ˹ġ
Ҳɵ·ϵûժΪ࣬·ߵûΪܴ¡
ȻλǵֲĹ۲ǿ, Ҳܻ, Ϊһûʲǫ̂ˣ֤ܽмˢӵġ
Ҳݹ۲Ȼһֵ顣
ֵкܶˡò۽ǶһźɫС롣
ֵ, ע⵽ʵͦףΪܲܵڶһزʶͿ˵ᱻᡣЩҲһЩʽһԼò
˿ӰǷһ㡣
˰֣ϰ, ȻЩƳ۽ƺź, е͵Ĵү, еǿεеòСЩΧһɫ糣ڽֵţûκε쳣
ǺıѾһֿµ쳣ˡ
˵ʵЩ۽ǴֵĸоĳЩʶһ㣬ӡһ㶼ϲʾԼڵģܻһСԼʹһϣЩǻҲӦôһر۵·ղŹȥǼȴûС
ڶ㡭ЩĶ⣬δҲֲ̫һЩǻûϼɴģģԼͷϵĳЩЩʲôء
һ£ȫϵĻʮ֮һˡʮ֮һǸʲôҿһ룬Ͱٲôطеǰʮﶼûһηӣжˡ
ȥʱ򿪿ĵģ˻Ƶģŵ˻϶ѾֱأǵһģóȥϲĻ°ײ˸š
ôˣ±ԷҰ׵ɫһ䲻һΪǱѪأӸղžһҰ׵ǿºϵɫڻָһ㡣
ΪĿǰϴ󣬻￴սǿһˣһѰѻµĸ첲קסˣȻͳ˽ȥ
֪Ҫܿ˵
磬طԾΣաŻ½֮󣬾ֱ˵仰
ҲĵĻ£仰ɫҲ˲ˡ
ǡ᣿ҵʥؾȻΣգ
ȥΪʲô֪
ָоǷǳġĳ̶൱ĳһҵӷСȻڶַԼèɰ豻Сռˡ
ŨŨĺºͷŭ֮һ˲ͳ˻µС
һ̣µĴԳɵʽתӱ»˵⼸ʰˣٵǰʱ䴦ļͽڻϰ׳Էӡ߰鶼뵽ˣûµıһӾͱ÷ǳˣԾʹƽڻŻʱС
仯ĹҲöһ
ղͻȻоԼλܺ˵˾͵ĳһֺǿƣȻָоҲȥҲ죬ȷʵǻ˼ȵعʱλƽ￴ܺ˵˾ָֻյıʣ˵ΪʲôΣհ
ľ˺һᣬʵ˵ǵϴȷʵƽ￴ɽˮģһϺ˵ĸоҲû¹ָ̫ʾڱѵ賬ǶӣбĽǶӱǶӳֱ˵ǻ
ǵһ콲εʱӳ׾ٵĶ˽ķɵǶûм˻ӳ
뵽ǺȻ;÷һ㣬֯һԣһİԼղڽ˵˳ղҳȥ˿
˵˵ţȴûǰĻ±𽥱áθۡ
ȵӺ˵꣬µѾú޲ˡ
˵˺󣬷ֻµı顭һ׽͸ĸо˵Ǿ˰ɣֲ˵ûܸ΢еʾ̬ӣղŵ˿µƶѾʧˡ
˻ᣬ˵ôһ仰֪⼸úÿŵġ
˵仰ʱõĻֺԼһֶԷû¿̫صĸо
Ȼᣬӳ鼱֮ӳгˣǽϣֺܶķӣЩӣȫڽߣ
ôصԼӳȻôƽȻֲһֶԷƺ׵ĸо
֪µȻܰæץסЩ𣿲ܣֹ㣬˶ܡ
ǺȻ俨һ롣
ĿǰҲûʲôİ취һһɡӵʱҪ¸ˣǻֻֿţȥϵŵ˹
˵ͻݣֻʣһԭվš
ʱŵϢȷʵҲǸ취ȫԱ˵״̬˵ԮȽסЩƺûʲô⡣
֪ΪΣĪЩǰĻӳ
ζһģܻǸĺܿ׵ˣЩ˵Ҳֻô档¸ĵһӡ㲻úܺãĪľöԷƺṩôӡҲǻµݼʲô⣬ֻȫǵֱ
û֮ǰҲǸˣֲߣһԼ۾һԼֱ
ֱǰĻ²ûаĻϣɶԷ᲻Ϊ˵ǼٵģȻ˶˵¿ףǸű˻ˣ˴ֻԼжϡ
˸
ܻ¿ףӶҪһ㣬ҪԼС
ӵĻ²ԼѾʼˡֻǱθ۵ı飬˳пһǵĹ۲
˭˵ӵĶߺģҲ˫ȫļһڵ𣬶۲δҲ̫һЩ
ԼȺǡȷʵӦø֪һǣǳʱڲ̫ˣиؼļһˡ
뵽д˷ţ˻𿣬Ŵ˳ȥ
ʱ󣬿ջϰ忴󣬺ȻһС
ֵϵļ˺ȻԼͬĳһСȥȻӰʧ
žƵĴ󺺼˾Ǯûľƣ뿪
һתõĻеԷǳٶȿʼת
ղﲻкö˵ôȫˣȺУһŵ˺Ȼͷʡ
˼ؼ㻹û˰ԱߵںĻص
ʵϣ˲࣬Ŀǰһ

184 ҵҪ

Խ֮¾ͲֹһεԼǷ**ossĸ, ˵ڡ
ǰ, һĬĬ˵˶Բ, Ȼһְ˵ûµ, Ѿŵ˵ˣò˶Ӧþͻ˹ˡ
ʵǣдȷʵе, ΢ػһ£Ҫ֪һӳݺһԱ㱨ǻõȫͬĴ, ֻǼᡰĳԱ˵쳣ôҲû˵Ŀǰļǿ϶û취֪ô˵µġ
ȵպҪȥȷˣʹ˶Կڹ, ҲֻʳµʱȷʵˡĻ
ĬĬصһ, յŵĻţһ˵ɸСӹȥ, ŵĽβ޵д˵ڡȻԸҲ̫Сˡ֮Ļƺھû¶һͨԱ鱨˵ĴС֡
ǣ޴డ
ĬĬذԼյŷ˻֮ϵȼ, Ļ, ӳĵзϢ
ʲô˼, ׵ľѾǿֲƬľˣĿǰΪֹ²ûУǵû֣ͦǵ
ܲã˵ǲã˵Ǳŵˡ
ܼ򵥣⼸Ƕھĳ˴ⱻŵ˷֣ʵ̫࣬ǵʵ̫⣬һ졭ˡ
ǵǸ˵ҹΪû²ףƾԼ˰ȫģһðգȥ̽̽澿ôһ¡
һţͺȻײһΪˣôһƳ֮ѪˣѵһӢҪڴ
Ҫ֪ǶûʲôýģǱüӶϡ֪һ䵥ģԼùʱǵķӦͨѻһΧȥȻ˺Ƭ
һ̣ǲò˵ԼĻôһڵġ
ȻĿǰ״ʹҲûκˡĬĬȺûԼʱȺӲԼͬתͷһֻֻһס
ǾÿԿԿˣܲʱд֪˵
ʱȻǰȺͬʲôһԭŵǱ񣬺ȻһһǿЦݡ
ȫ涨˺ˣԴҪѺҺơbyϴ
ȻӵЦδûжԼһС˷Լ˶뺦֮⣬ϾҪϴ֪˿»Ƥˡ
״£ڵıɫһȺӶ¶ͬһֱŤЦݡ
˵ʵЦһ㶼ȳү٣ʱ˲צˡ
Ц֮ǰȷһȺӡ
ȺЦ֮ǲ˶ȷˡ
Ϊʲô©ôЦݣ
ǲɱѵǷ(
Ⱥ˶Ц֮ĬĬת뿪ˣһ˰죬ȵڻ˿ջͷˡ
ҲȥһȦϢæȥǣʱѾ嵰ĿٸߵƾҪĤˡԱ߶ԱĥҪҪҸаиֵűݽõİܡ
ǿ´Ӱٲôҩһ߽ҲˢӵģԼҩ˵ĸȥ첡Ķܰȥ¸һȵʱˣһۿľǻµ
¶ΪʲôӻЩɻģʲôֲ˵ֻ૵ƺ˵ʲôս˰죬˵ĺǡ
һȺӡˡ
£
һ㣬֮ðЩͱ¸ģˣ»׿ʲôűųͶ˸Сҩ
ҴӶԱǴһΪаˡΪʲôҪ˵Լһֱй
¾ô˷ǳۣǰ͸˹ǺͻȻ˵йҲɵ׼ʲô
û뵽֮Լѹˡ
룬ԼǼ϶ǹˡ
𣿡ʡ
ûУˡǺܿ϶ĵ챻ˣˣϴûйΪҴûм쿴ļһˡ

¾ˡ
û뵽Сֽ㲻ֻǸ˲ţ㻹Ǹᶨ߰
λᶨ߸´ľϲе̫֪ʱͳΪ˻⼸յĿԴȪ
ҲʼСͦ˼ģľ飬ҴƲ⵽ľ徭
һƲĻԼˣҲ˵ĬĬšǿ˻£Ȼһ˿µ
Ż޺ĲͻȻԼҶӳδ⿰ǣ׻˵ƱۣƱǶӳϺ˵ԸǾױ˻Ǯġ
֮ǰԺʱ򿴼ƺľ˵ĶӳôҪǸڵӳԱѾȦȥˣǽӳԱѾһƬˣͻջĶµĶԱ
֮ǰԱ˵Ҫȥ棬˵ȥͳȥץѲ
뵽ǺȻи̫ƵĶӳòҲһ£ʹճлһ㣬̫ƵĶӳǹܲסԼ˵ġ
˼ŸղŵõϢϢΪ棬ǰ֧ԮĲǱˣһֱ䵱ԱĽ
ҲǲôԸߵ£Ǿѽ߹ˣһҪע»Ҫһ㣬Ϊ۾
Ǹӳŵʱ򣬺ȻǵȻ˵Щʱ򡭡ֵµ΢ǿӲһҲǿԵġ
¾ȵ̧ͷǣͻȻ˵ĻͦãȻģҪǻһʱûԼΪʲôᱻ˵Ļ
(˿ڲ)
ǿŶӳ͵һ̧ͷĶǾȵɫ
ΪӳȫôǿӲԲ©ֱ飬е㷳꣬һµʵû취˵ʲôĻʵ˵ʱеͷ
ͷ£ǺȻӵ˵һ仰
ˣԸ̫ˣͲʺϸֻǵŹȷʵ̫ˣ⼸㿴ŵ㡣
㡭ϳȥΪ˰ҿŵºȻ֪ʶ㡣
ǲûлش⣬һʼҲϣֻЩӲĵ㲻òˣҸ𱣻ǵİȫ
¡ǳײһü
㡭ȿȡȻԻҿжҲ΢ʵģǻȷʵ̫ºˣº͵㼸Ҹ˵ʲôػԴʱ˿۾ܼģҡ
¿˿죬ȫ졣
죬ȫطռʮŵĵطһˣĿû20Сƨ˵Ҫֻ֪ΪξȻЩж
ȻʱǿƲס̵ǾԲΪ̲סЦԲǡ
ð˵󣬾̴Ӧһ˿Ц˼Ǻ֣ƺûһ˵ֻǶôЦ顣
ǽлȻһͻȻ˻ȥ
ۻ£΢ЩŤ֪ǲΪ˵Ļȥ˵Եʡ
Է̫ᣬƺᱣ˵İȫʵ֪ԼҲûʲôס
Ǹرˡ
Ȼе㲻̫ȥԷ
Ժ룬ԷһֱеĺˣҲûԭġ

185 

ԼᡱԸ, ܿΧĶԱһƬ, ȻЩ˭ˣ˭ɵӵ, Ƕģȫװ֪
ȫ, ģģģĲˬȫ, ˡɱȨ֮˵̬ǲһȻȷΧȫ, һֶΪأ
ƽﻪµճ˳Ժ, Ҳֻʣ˯, пڿҿҵġ̽Ϣ
ǵ, Ǹ˵ĺӣ˵Ҫ֮, Ѿüû˯þ, ϸڣÿֵҹѻ¶ж, ҪҪӼץ֡
ȫȻܵ˵ͦƽ͵ģҪҼ㵹ҲûС
ȻĿǰŵ˵, ǰ֮ǰڿջſڱ׵ǸŮ
ŵĺǻĶȥ, Ѱ˼Щһ书ûеͨ, ô˵Ҳеֵ, ϶ܱ˹飬飬ǾȥˣȻȫûˡ
ʱջﳣʣֻлºһֵµС
³Էʱ򾭳¥С˾ͻһԡСǵſ޹ǸӦǸҾĹÿµʱ˵С¶ü
¶ԴСﻹҪȶԴкһģʵ»µɶ֪ԻǴŻĻļ
ΪСʵ̫ˣ¿ʱͻͷԷԲῴûĪԼ۸˵ĸо
컪һţǳԷ㣬ڷر𵭶չԱߵСĳԼĲҶչһйӵġ
ƺҲҪʼжˡ
˼ҪҪ˹ȥ˵ķӺҲûʲô£ʼջЩ⡣Ҫ˵Ļ¾͵ɼѹɫˣҲҪϲֵġ
ҲֺܳģĿǰȱ˱ȱǮأҪ˹ȥǿµæϺһˡ
¾˰죬뻹ȥɣһʲôջǲǡ˺ܶ£²˰ҪæһĻһ̧ͷǸº͵ʵˣСﶼûзֳһ˿Ծ
ʱǻˡ
ô²ɫʡ۲ǵɫ΢Щʧ֮⣬糿ߵʱܲһġ顱ӦһЩѡ
ֳȥǰ쿴ӵĵطһȦǵûһӡǾ͸ͻȻʧһҲҲˡ
ǿ϶İ
´Բǵ˱裬Եģôʱ䣬ȳԵ㶫˵
ӳǵı鿴ƺһֱһ£˵ŵԮ͵ǰɣһǾ˵Ǽٻô죿
˵⻰ˣ֪Ͳôöӳ֪ͨˣ۳ԮҪˣֿʼһ⣬ŵΪǸƭӸô죿һûǮûƣʱ׻ᱻȥİ
˵ĲǼٻºȻѱӷ£ʮֿ϶˵
ʮֵĿ϶˵ԼҪ϶Ƕˡ
ǲţҾȥǡȻºͣҲرᶨĵҵĶԱǾԲ˵ٻġ
ƺ֮е˵ûµģ㲻õģǲµġ
һ˲䣬ǵмֱͷ⻷·ġ
ղһֱһ߰ԷСﶼϲס̧ͷŻ£۾˾塣
ӳƺǱж˼룬̶ԷԷθ˳
ױƭ֮İɽﻹ˼Ǯİ
ǣ𣿡·ʡ
ô䲻һʣԼʵˡ
ǿ˻޺˰죬ûס˾໰ͷİһͷˣҵ˼·״ˡ
µͷЦˣ²˵иɶ˼·˼·ҸģЩӲҲҷŽģ֪ܲ˵滰Ǽٻ
⼸Ҳ֣Ҳǻ̫µˣһҲ̫ĵ飬Ҳ߿Ҳ͵ˡ
³Ա¥ȥˣﻹʣǺǸСˡҲ˵㶫ǸСתͷʣôһȥ
ϲһ˴šС˵ͷԼָʲô
ڿջŵӳƭˡǷ߷߲ƽĺ˿ڶҾͲˣӳô쵽λõģ𣿻Ѿ˼ɾˣ
Ƕӳôܻ쵽λˣ
ȻһϤ
ǺСѰȥֻ֪ʱվһ鿴ЩˣڴΧȻĸӸƵģΥ͸С
վ˵ǣֱ˿һվɲȻ£ǿ˶һ̬
߹˿ǸСֿ˿ʣǶӳأ
¥ءǵ
֮һԲĴˣ¥ȥ
µĶļ⣬ȴҲڽ쵽ſʱŲġԼеżȥ˿ţûǰ¾ѾӽŲµ˭ˡ
·ĹҲôˡ
һţǿۻ£ȻζЦһԱק˰ӣİϣһʮĴүģ˵˵ɣôŰҽй
¿Žƣ˵Сÿô˰ȴҲʵʵİԼ⼸조֪˽
ǸүˣһʼʱƺΪɣŻԽԽ࣬𽥿ʼóĬ
ֵ󲻵ò˵Ҳ΢һ˿µע⣬˵ôˣĪ˲ͬԻ·һЩʲô
Ĳһ䣬ȴžЩӵǸСӸҽн

ϸ۲һ½ı飬ȻЩ²ΪǸǳЦˣȻЦ󲿷¿ԷΪЦЦЦЦǶЦ
ڽϿһ˿飬һֱĸо
˼룬ȴʮֳʵķת¥һ붼û飬ͬʱԷתôˣôͻȻֱ飿Ӧð
¥ͬһãȻǸȥһ˿ĸоȴ֪ⲻġ
¥֮Ȼߵһ˵ĵطٶдһֽ֪ͨûķǸϿ쳷룬Ȼַٵ¥׼ǵ˵ʲô

186 Сģ

ǰԼǰ쾭½һ, ˵ĺͻ¸Ĳûʲôͬ, һ顣
Ҳû⻰ʲôףǽȷ˼, һǡǷǰķӻܶ࣬Ѿûˡ, ǡЩǲǴûг֡
ҲеãȻԭΪ˵ĻȻˣ˵ķӦе㺦, ʱǶ˵Ҳҿ, ӳ, 㲻ôġ
, ˵Сʲô죿ʮѸٵľʹǵĻ, תͷ˿µô
ô, ֲԪһ²һҪȻɴ˵Լʲô֪ҹȥ, ǲУڽͲôһ裬Ҫϸ, һ㡣
ͻȻЩxȾӵĲô¡ЩʱʹԼԸ⿴ķߣԼǵװʲô֪, ĲǸɵĹ
ɫ糣, ֮󵭵ĵ, Ҿá¿Щ, ǲῴģȾЩΪʲôͻȻʧһ⡣
ϵȫǻһϹģһǰûҪʲôڡ
˵
ԡǿԿһΪʲôͻȻʧ˵ǺȻһЩǳҪ飬ֻʶŵĴڣԾ뿪ˡ³Ĭ˼ֵҲп˭֪뿪ģҲҵĲ
Աǿ£Щ˼飬ıſԷΪҵĶӳԭﻹô𡱣ҵĶӳȻ̫ɵɵ𡱣ҵĶӳʲôʱЩ¡
΢˵˵ʵ״Ĳ²⣬ױƵĻʲôǰ˶ʳжˣһ˻Ǳ˰˳ɾͻöµġһҪ¶ͬʱԼҲԵһЩΪöй΢һЩҲǲġ
ͻȻͱ÷ǳѧĻ¡
Լ˵Ļɾɾһѣ΢һЩԼ͸¶Ķ֮˸ƣԼһ㣬ŵҲ˺ܶ𡣡
⻰Щ֣ͺȻɶ˺ܶһɶһǰᣬǽ֪࡭
˵Լġ²⡱֮󣬽ӿȻԵƽһЩû֮ǰͬӲһˡָһյӣ²˵ԼﾹȻҲ΢һ㡣
ǻ°˼ľǽ׶֪ʲôΪʲôʲô֪
Ҫغܶࡣ˵Ȼ⣬ǿ¾ѾѲ˹ϵˣʹҲӲȥ
ΪΪʲôãȻʡ
淳û뵽ԼͷӦ˵ĸһģ
׼ĸϸһ㣿Աߵʡ
ҾͲˡƽĵ
ʵʵıشҭһ¡
ԱһãȻôͻȻӲȥˣҪⲻ̧Ⱦߵ
µýħħģԼԺģһеһжطĵطԼҲԼ
ǻҲԼܾôϹ˵̽ʣ硭ųȥأ˵ȥ֮͸޹ϵأ
ԳȥҲ̾ͻţʹţҲѲˡܵ˵Ǽʹ뿪ЩҲŹ㣬ǻһӲ㣬ֱ
ڵıѾŵˣСɷף۾һ˼ԼδôȹԱߵĻµǴͷβֵļ򶨣ʹ˽ƺŻ˵Ҳֵú޲һֱϹǳǳЦ⡣
ʱѾŨŨĲˡ
ʲôⱲӶѲ˰ʲôӶӲȥѵǻΪʲôҪǻһְ
վ˴ǰ˵ڵطһܱյĹӡ
ܱյĹӣãȻ
ڻĵĲ۵ʱȻʳһ⣬Ӳû°ԼĵĲⶼѹȥתͻȻַ·ʱմҰĸо

֪𣿡ͻȻʡ
֪֪µ
˵ĺܣǰʱһֻڻڴĺһһģĿǰ֪ιɶ
ʵǰ˸ƴ󲿷ֶǳں̬ϣʱͻȻ̸ΪһִУڤڤƺһжԵֵĴ
ѾˡָŻ£ǺԼ˵ǾֻСӣҲӲȥֻбŻһ˿Ļᡣ
ֱ㶵Ŀ
һƣһԲһǶǸ˱ѾӣҲɸѡ˳ӣȴû뵽ͻȻŵײĴ˽Ҳ˵Ǽ»Ǹ¡
ȵȡһº⡭ôأȫϹ˵ɣôǸӣ˵ϵѵܳȥһкܶ˳ȥ˰
кܶ˿Գȥкܶ˲ܡܰѹ̶ȵģǸǳˣӦѾˣҶЩ˵˽⣬ֻҪˣŹ
˵Žָһ½㡣
ңһ£ͻȻָԼҪ˵֡أû뵽Ȼ˵Ļ
ӸղſʼҲһЩʱ˿ԼҲе¡ᱻͻȻָԼ͸ˣΪʲôҪԼϰ˵ΪʲôҪŹԼ
ʵҽ˵ĶǱȽ˽ܵĶˣǾġ˵
ΪʲôҪǣǴʧɫһûȨûƵСɫͻȻ֪ôĺױԭΪԮĻԼñˣû뵽תͷһַʽʵ˰
ΪͻȻ㡣ֱĿŻ£ӦϲˣһҪʮֵСġ
´ʱԼ·һǳֵĹĵ̣ռʮŵ(Կóִ)ĵ̣ЩҲȫ£ĿǰΪֹһе۶ȫģͻȻ˸֮׻׻ĸӦСĵ
Ȼ¾ܿЦɷϵﷺһ⡣
СʲôȰԼǵ㣬ҪԼŻԼҪǱŻסˣǧЦ
Ż£˵
С˻Ʒ衣

187 ڵ

Ѿȥһʱ, һ, ͷϲ賿˯ģΪԼûŵ컨巭ͷ֮󣬲ʶԼǱŵ˵ġ
Ȼ˯ţǾ°ɡ
¸ɴһ˰콭˵Ǿ仰Ǿ䡰СǻƷ衱ǲѻ¸ŷ裬֮ǰ;ϱеĪ, ⻹û׼, ֱʯˡ
֪Ӧý˵һġ
±űڴ, ˽Ļ֮ǶԻµ̬ȿ˸һٰʮȴת䣬˵ǰԴǡҺҵ϶ӳ, ӦþǡҺҵɮʦȫ¶, Լ޲ø𹿰ſڶš
ʮֺԼﵽǸʲô, Լ̫ڷϲǸزɡôҲѡ硰ߡ
ȻͻȻʶ, Լߵݺûһ֪, Ŀǰֻ֪нһˡ
ðɡ
¿е, 콭棬˰Ȼ侲, ȳȥ, ȻʽЩΪʲôرϲ
˵Լ۹, һͦ, ˾ϲģڶ˼ͦģҲûΪʲôϲ˼ġ
⣬ᵽ˻µǸߡݣ˵岻İߣ֪ĻǶԻµȤӦû÷ǳǳ
¾ˮ벻뵱˭˵ʲôʲôˮֻҲһߵͷһûɶͬܵӭ䣬ΪˮֶûëǮϵ
ԼĽӴһ̲ˮ󣬻¾ʵġҪһ㣬ȻĿǰЩܰŸڻҵһط˯
Ӧ֪Ļºͽʱ̫ˣߵˣĿǰ֪Ϣһرࡣ
ô죿ҪҪƴһѣý³Ķ
˼һᣬóһֽд˼仰һ¡Ҫŵ롱͡ҲҪ߶ʱҵķԸ
Ȼ϶Ŀǰ״Ŀеǻ¾͸˹һƵȻһסǻ¾͸һǡסļ
һĲãľȻдͷˣһֱŰһŰƴֽһֻ𿡣
ھȻһ˹ס˵ʲôӵģ¾;ӻԭýȷԼ뷨Ҳ³
»㱼ҵһͻƿڣͻƿҪǳļѣվҵһ⡣
˵ǶԼȫСģҲǶϱһ̽ȥ絽Ϊʲôġ
һҹĻµڶ𴲵ʱɫ糣ʲôûзһ
óһССķۺУİԼĺȦͿˣǾʮ㣬ɳסӡ

ӳǿ¥ԷĻ£Լ۾ζ˵㾫ð
۾Ȧۿɼû˯á
ȻǹΪ²˯ŵģΪԼǰ;ǡԼû²Ż¡
ȻͦĻ¾Īľθۣ˺֮Ĳôô󣿲Ӧ˵ӳô˵ĵ
ԱߵĽǵӵЦ˵˵ӡ˻ûͰԼŸҪ㲻̱ˡ
ŵˡҪл𣿡̽ʳ仰⼸һֱ棬ҲûǶл
ҲãĿǰ˵ӦʱҲЩ˵ҲԸƽ޹ʵʲô鷳˿ʱҲҪЩ֪Ѿ׼ˣݾߣ㻹ûǰҶǰȫġ
˵ǻôƷˣʡ
ǷͶȥˡ룬ȣȣֻҪ룬ǵֶζҪһ𣿡
˰ɣ˰ɡǷҡͷܾýô˵ûġ
ˣԱСĵĿۻ£뿴⻰ķӦԺҲûʲôĶֻǳԶ΢΢ͣһ¡
ǽҪþҵЩʧ˵ķӡ극֮˵۾ͦ⣿վǵǽҪˡ
ЩǶһʧ˰ǲ⣬ǲʧˣֻǲĳطǸطʱҲѡ
ǡΪʲôҪһط½ӻʡҪƴڻռһЩϢȻƴճһٵĻԼʹֻƽʱʣҲҪһˡ
ô֪ΪʲôҪϣȻôشģÿ¹ķ·񶼲һҪ֪ΪʲôҪǾ͸ûǲӦˡ
ºͬʱҭһ¡
Żʶһ⡣
Ҳ˵ԭϹ˶Բ
ÿķӶеôһʵҲ֪ͦʲôģ֮ǰҲȥ߰˸ˣзȫĹҲû̫ô¡
һ˵һߴߣ÷Ƕô˵طŹִȥˡ
İ붮ģߵ΢ĥ˹
ԭ˵ЩҲȫǿ϶ģԼľƶϳġ
ôһ롭ĽžһûҪˡ»һԼ÷ǲԭ򵽵ʲôϾվҪиԭ
Ȼôһ䣬ͷԼԭǲŵ˷ķӣǿߡ
ֶ񲢲ܱԭ򡭡ɡ
һ·϶ĿŻ£ͬʱҪ֮ǰŽЩСĵʣҪöӳڿջŰɣ㲻˵Щ˻Զӳ𣿡
һüӳڿջţ
ڿջŷҪСһ㣬ųѲֵ֮ⶼϽлˣҲһ㡣ǵ
һܸﰡ²۵Щһֻ־̵𣿡
ܱȶӳһ˴ŰȫƢҲˣԺ
ǣСԱô£Żºʾⲻܡ
˿µӣ˲ͻһ׷˿ĳǸۺʱ䶼ǳг˵ɵһɣֵڼİ
һҪ˱˭˭ڰ
һ뵽Ǹ棬ȻͻȻЩͬһ֪ǡ
Īľ⺢ӿܵþһµľ
һߴΧ۲˵ֵһڿջﴦ
Ĭһᣬ˵ڵġȻתˡ
ǰʹ˸ɫչ˺ÿջЩˣȻǲûз֡
ǿòͬԼ˿ȻԼոǻ
찡ովȻ˽ӳ
ֿۻ£͵͵ĺһӳ˵ǰŻˡ
˸ոսĻΪ˵ǾȻҷԲһݻ뵽͵͵Ŀ˿¡
˵ӳԸôãӦòᡭȰɣ

188 ùĸ

Ϊ, Ի±ñһ»Ļ֣ȻԴʶ֮󣬽˱ֳ
ӡ󲿷ֶ̫̫, кܴ, ǡͱ˵, 
ʱǾï}ûš
Ի»ǴĵİѴ󲿶Ӹ, ٲάȫתĻ, ֵһȺڻ
ͬ־
Ⱥڻͬ־һֱ¾òˬķ, ְ, ͵͵ڻϸֻΪ
ԼõˣȻһּЩȫ֪İ˹
һ˶ǷģЩĻϲˣȻȫԭסһ
ǿ, ͷô˵Ļ, ڶϢֱӾͻڲ˵, õ
ҲֻСȫҪæǷӡ, ߡȫбҪ̸
˻⼸ڻһֱǴĵ, 䲻ôһ鷳̶ȿˮ
յϢ˳⾹Ȼǹ, һʱȫʮֵƵ
Ϣסȫ˲֪, ֵµҲͬһȺ, ƺҲûָ
ʲôô, Ҳûָʹǡ
˵ǲָ, ˵ڼı˽Ӵⷽ飬Դ
ǸơĹº󲿷ʱ䶼ֻͻ»Ǽ档
³Žǳȥҷӵʱ䣬ԼĬĬѾƻˣ顣
ǳ˵ٶȷǳ죬ҪǻܴһЩǼȥĵϢһֱ
ڣûһܱ֡
Ҳʼ治ڷ¸еɻǳ֪ôһ£ǲ
ˣ˵ʲôطˣҪȻôһҲҲ
֮෴ǣԽҲӣɫԽʱ򶼲ǰȥЩʲô
ԼҲ֮֡ǾҲһ£һûסĿ˵ӳ
Ҵ˰ɣûзӰ
ƽʱĳһطһʱ䣬һҲҲ𣿡ʡ˼һ£Ҳᡭȥĵط࣬СûôԶš
˵ʱ·ǰǸ׵̨ϣǰǸرƯŮˣ˵Ҫؼҹ
꣬ǵδɹһƬǺֵƺһ㡣
ţȻͿĳջſһ΢ֵӣſڣ
һ͵˴磬ָһȺ˰̧ӡ
⼸࣬δ˰ˣοṆ̀˾ʱǾ̲ס࿴
ۡ
̡Բһ㼶ĸ̣ϹǰľϳһţʮľӣŴ
ͭһĴӳ̧ջʮֵ׳ۡ
Щϰ˳ɿջѾаˣϾʮӣӿɲһӾס
ģҴ˼ѡջôòƻǳסֻôһӡ
鷳ƺԹһ˵ȥ
ȵٴοڣԱߵһӦʦ˵ɨһۣͲ˵ˣ
òƵȷǳǮжڽϸǵӡһֱһ΢λá˵Ǯ
ȷʵ˭ҲȲЩˣڽƬطƺӵڱ޷ƥеһ˿Ȩ
ÿϸ̵ƺôһµ¾ߵͨ˶ֵ֪ͷ
߼ľͲض˵ˣĸ̣ڽҲС
ϾǸϲȥǷĵطͼĵط
ͺͻȻĲͨĴ￴ĳͷͦ˵ԼǮӣ㲻ǵ
½
硭
ôһֵֹİ
Ȼú֣ǻʶתߣҲıܣܻһЩʮֿײеħ
棬ǿʶľ;öԷûʲôҪģϾǿǸ̰

̸ƺԶǲɵĿǰڴ󲿷˵ȫ
ˣԭܼ򵥣ٷ֮ʮŵĽ˶ǳ϶û¶١
ĸеĸ˷¶ް֮ǰŵСʱѾһԼĹɡ
Щûʲô̫ϵ
ںĽṆ̀ϿʲôǱΪԷôֱӸԼˣû뵽
ȵǷӦʱ򣬽ѾһĶŵ΢ЦǸ̸ˡ
ȵȣӳأһ룬ǸϽȥ
ʱĽݿÿһϳĹҹӣЦʮֵºͣһ˿һŵ
ֱ̬ӳʣ仯֮̾ΪֹΪԼ˻þ
ǾԼĿʲôˣʵĴвڽ֮ǰǺ
֮ȴϣǰһĻԿǲš
½
ҹӶģԸԶҪ֪ࡣǽǸ
ϸ̸
ǹȥʱǵĶԻٲȻѾеˡӹȻ鴫

վһ߾Լ·Ǹආڵȵ˽̸һ뿪ǸˣǾ˵
˵һλӳʲôĿģ˸ղòƻʲôףˡòϰ;
иɼְĲ±ٱ
һСƺˣʲô̫ǰĶοڣȴְͷתĽ˵
ҸǱǸջȥȻ󿴿ܲ
ǣʲô
û͵ģκڵַԶ͸ɴһһ˵
⣬ʲôǾԼЩʧأǰҲ̫˰ɣһԲϾҪ˰
ȥ֮ҪϢ߻£취뽭ӳԶһЩ
ոպͽ̸ǸˣʱѾ¥һϣͷĶԱߵһ
ʦǻҪҶ೤ʱ䣿
Щʦ뿪ϵɫȻƺոһжֻǹװһ
ôеĿϣѾںöӣЦһƺͣһֵ
½
ϡ
氡档Сĵ֪㿴ҲˬˣһֱɱңҺҶ硣
뵽ڵĽ˼ˣ˺ƣ׼ҸŮˣȫط˲֪
ĺܣĿǰ˵ǸرȫĵطƿҲϾû
Σһ˵Ҫ⣬Ըµˡ
Ǿƺȵ̫ˣ֪˯ˣѺǱһֵѵġ
˭ĬĬ۾ȻԼǰһ˫ɺۡ
"
"

189

˫Ѫ۾˰, յĺܽϵĿֱʲô̸Ĺһ

ĵƺ֪ʲôʱѾ, һƬ, ֻ˫Ѫ۾
ҫ۵Ĺ⡣
˿ŸԼǸ, ռˡ

˴, Ƽž, ȻǸˡ
Ĵ˸, Ȼ˵, ˭ģǸҸ
ţ
һĪ
ľٶ˵ȫڳ˵ϣû˾Ȼô
Ӧ
۾˶һߣ㲻̫ȫǽڽġ
˵ϵĺȻ, һ˫Ѫ۾, һ˵ļ, Ǹ˻˲ŵļȱ
Ѫǰ˱ֵȴΪ򶨡
ͺһһ, Է, ˢϴһ
ʹ, Ҳһ뽻˿¶ô, Ϊ˫۾ô
, ͨһ, ʹʲô, ҲᱻŸ˲һ
ġֻкͷӳϦദˡ
ߵĺ۾Ŷ֪ôӻˡԼȻһӾͱըָ
ͷӿ⣡
ǰǸ۾Ϣըˡ
͵̧ͷǰǸ۾᲻ԣӲסˡ
ýôֱ񾭲һأڣȻɵԼ
ô³˵̬ȵģ
ȵȡ
۾ţҲǺȻһ£¡
ᣬԷӾȻ˵ϤּΥʶǸһʮֲõĸо
˵ķӺ͵˶ô־ĸо߽Ͼˡ
ǿȴûǣǾ㣬ȴȱ֪Ⱥһʲô
顣
ʲôķʽϵһǽһܹܵ˵ġ
һֱվں档Ϊ˼΢Ŀٲûб˷֣ǰǸһŮߵ˿
˿ڣɤʮֵ˻Ƶʲô£
Żңһ졣һأ֪һ˶
صģطҲһֱڰˣҲûʲôҪģֻ밲Ҹط
һӡ
һ˵ţǺͽһ߷еĺ塣ͨǰײĻᣬ˿Ժúõ
һ˿еϢ
طǸ˭ЩãȻŽûţǼ˳Ÿ̵˼·
˵ȥô֤
ô֤ЩĵҶѾ㵽ˣ㻹ô֤֪ص
һط֪ʲôҲˣҰԼƤӵ£𣿿
ɡ
ɫƺܲͷ
˲鵽¼ûҲǻ˴Ѫ̽ģⲻ⻨ٵĽǮ
ȥ˼ˣһ㻨˸Ͳ֪¡
ĺܺãȻЩ˲֪漸˶ǻ澫ϸѡˣǻ
֪ġϿȷʵڻķӣ⻰Ҳת뿪ˡ
ߣǵ ôʹ
һ߳Цţһ߰Ǹ档
ʱֱǵãǿŻ¥ͶĳһЩµ⣬޾
˺ö꣬ȴͻȻǸˡ
ЩǾȻҲӣҲ뿴ô˭ǣһʼЩ˻Ի
һ˿ر׬Ǯ⣬Ͼ𽥳һصķӡ
ǰ
˲ͷĵһۣƺΪʲôߣ
֪ǡǰ˶Ѿ˼֮С
ЩʲôĶΪİ˸Ӵűߡ
ͷ亹ղǸ˵ˡصһطﶼˡɣ仰
½
ôô}ˣǴͦ񣬵ڲһڴԼļð
еǸ˵˭Կó˶Ǹ˷ǳļɵʹǵڶûֱ˵Ǹ˵
֣Һܿ϶ΪеķӶӦ֪ˣû˵˭
ʱǵһŨŨĺ⣬һγôҪͬʱҲΪ
Ĭһᣬʱ˵ƺʲô
ĳ˹ȥһԲ˷ľٶȻ⵽Ǹ˵ʣʼ
󣬵ĻţιҲǶ˵ûʲô˼߰ɣߡ
˵ѡһǰһصҲգеǸӦҲ֪
˼ԲŻɵԼģΪԼѾһʧˣû뵽Լǡ˶ԷõĹ
ʲô˼˼ɫһ䣬ƺҪžͱһס˲ӡ
ȵȣǿľĺ½һˬֱӰѶԷkoˣæ
ڲɱˣ
ʵ˵ĻһѡŻֹ칫ԱɱˣΥ߽
ƺǿһ룬Ȼѿ˷Ա˿鲼ס죬Ȼ
ƺתҪߡ
˲һöԷʱеǵģһ˲
ԣڹȷʵҪɱˡ
Ҫ¥ɫ˲ᣬô죿
һߡȻϵһȻϵԼϣԶ
½
һһ
ϣǾԼԻ·϶ԷˣȻĵ߱˻Ϊ
ķɱˣܻ¡
˵ţһĴӴ˳ȥȻͷƤ飬Ҳ
뿪һӺ˴žͿ˿һ˵ӣͳĴ
˱˾Բ˷ֵĵطȡڵĲĵҺһԡ
ƺҲԼڵĴ̰յϵġ
һˣҲ˿ԵĻţǵһȦȻܻؿջ֮ǰ
ǿλ̨⡣
ϧ𣬡˵
ܺáһ·ɱţڱһ˵Ƕ׷ٶȡƺ
ʣ˵Ǹָ˭
"
"

190 ֪

Ǵҹѵġ
̧ͷ˿Ǵֽһ, һȵӰվǡ
ֱ㶵վڴ, 忴ƺһɢȻ̵ϸСĴ, 䲻һë޵˱ƵĴֽһ̶̵ģۻɫĶ˽
ĬĬشӴһߵˣĬĬ˹ȥ, ȵҵʱźȻǸɶ
°Ѵ, СİѴҹڵС, Ȼڴϵ޶, òֻ񱣳ƺܾ, ըһëԶһֻë޵κƵġ
κӵͷů͵, ², ΢⿴ϵ, Ŵ㲻ãϿַ۾
лʧˣ´ŵһ, һƬɺԻ
лôĪʧˣ
, ҪǡлΪʲô¼ǵԼûɹԷⰡ
δ֮գ¾ԼԶҲ벻лԶΪʲô
ȷʵǼǳµ顣
½ʾ֭лߵ˻˭, Ҳ벻, ΪĿǰȫ˵, òƺ񲢲˶л, ϾлǸһģҲʰȫҲκһɡ
ôһ˾Ȼʧˣ˭ǻ
´ϵҴҵϵΧˣҪŲҪǸ֡
ҹֳȥˣ±ңۿɫҲˣ˵ʲôʱǾͻɱǹ٣¾Բǰ¶ʲô
飬ûϵԼڿջߣȻ󽻴ʼ£ҹߺҲ̫ܵˣûð֮ʱҲʼ˼ǲǰЩص̫ˣȫ״̬Щʧأ
ڻһֱһܵļƵģΪȷʵºڼûʧֵ֡ĳ˵ҲǺܺʧܵģȰٲãٲﻪ°ҩһʲô˵΢£ڶܾҪȴһ˵ķˮ
˵ϵʳܺóԣǮҲСҲܺÿһ˵Ż첻ȥͻػʵվôһ¡
ºΪʱõľֵķڲˣֻҪͺˡȻһӾסڻλãҲ⵽ɡ
ܿסɵĸñ˿ʵʲô鶼ûôаգҲֻǸˣһĿ²κӡϾһֱ˵ӡ
Լ̫Ѩ͵Ƶ¿ʼƴŲ飬ĿǰڻϵЩ˻л֡
ͬʱĳߣܵķɿˡڽܡ
ĿֲһʨȺ׷һǺüζŲסˣŸ˵Ľ΢΢һ֣˲ٶȣǾȻ˺ܳһ·
ӳֲԺΨһֻ
Žȥֻһ˫۾üҹɫʯ
Ǹһһ߶϶˵Ǹ˭ʵǺ˵׹磡ģǽǱ˵ԭǡ㻹ܿǰͿ˵һͷ亹֧£ӲǶ˵˳
˵ǵͷҲǸ˵֣ΪҲûи棬ֶ֪
˶Ǹ˽棬Ϊһֱһߣкܶ඼ģ»棬Ҳһߡ
ΪʲôڶԷǰʱ򣬶ԷһʼŸжûУ߾˼ҵĴͳ
ʶԷǸʲôӣ˼룬˵˵׼ԴǸ֮кܶ鶼ˡǸ֯涼֪Щʲô˳Ĭһ֪鲢࣬󲿷ֶֻǵ;˵ģ㲻
ʵеýȥˡ˭أ±΢һвУ磬ôһ̾Ȼ֪Ǹ֯Ķ飿㿴ʱеľǼ˺
˼Ǻͽƺæ˵ģǸ֯˻кܶࡣ
ܶࣿܵôܣ
ȣһֱֵıȽƽȻЩķѣûĵزǣǺܿ˽˼ʣ㣬ǱҪкܶ࣬ǣƹܰˣ
û˵ٻкܶ࣬ҽֻǸͨĳԱ˵ͺ˿ǣ̾˿ǶţҲգʵһʼʱԼţȻô˶˵һֱͬ۵һҲһֱҲ˳ۡ
˾ԼС׻ķ죬԰ѻ⣡ʶݵɷһ㡣ǽ̸ĹУӰڱ˦ˣ˿ʼſջķߡ
ƽ֮󣬴˸˼ռ䡣Ǹڼžĵطƺĺȴһס˲ӣס졣˽ӽջĵطʱ˷һҩ˼ͱû˯ס˶ԷԶԶһڷԼһ
˵𣿡һһСĵĻиˣֵ˵ǽûǸ˲֪ˣ
ľ˵е㳶ֻ²һ¡ﻹľЩ£Ϊļʹʮ֮һǿҲѾһܿµˡ
Ĭһ˵ġġ
תͷ˵°䣬ΪǸˡ
˵⻰ʱȭͷս
Ǿ»еԻáô˵һӦȻӦǼٵģڶӦһǼٵġ
ջһյƣƵģԶԶĿ˾øůĵơǲ룬֪һǻµǣԴҹû˯ڵǻ
ʱ˿ֻû䣬ĵıԻµӭӡ
һڰģ֪ʵĵˡ
һӳᵽóĬĵˡ
һƿһȺӺˣƺıµĵˡ
һʲôˣ
һ̧ͷȻһӰվǵǰһ£һĿ续磡
¾ŵսһȵĵ찡ҹġ
ָ⿴˿ǵɫð۵𣿿ȥ˯ɡ
ĪԼһ㣬֪ǻҲ˲ŸϽ¥ǵģͺʴҹĲ˯ǳͷͺʵҹĽ˾ѾѲˣЩ˺ټôӣ¾ԼĪ֪ƺܵв
վǸˡʲôӣҲʲô񰡡
¿Цţӹλƺ˵ġ¥
¥ϢһᣬţͷӦĩһ䣬Ǹˣ䲻ҪţҲҪ
ǴҹĳžΪ°ʰۼ̫ˣ´αôˡ
ｭ˻·ʱ򣬽ȻʲôŶˣһˣлҵȸһСӦöв

˵ȥȴֻѾûˣϵĶҲͣ
ôˣŶԣʶšȻ򣬡ǸлǸڰٲ·һ붼Ǽҵģ·ӶǼҵĵ곤
˵Ŵ˸Уȥ˸˯ĳŲסˡ
ڽ뿪ܾú󶼾վûж
ã΢ĵƹ¿˿ǸԵӣȻеá
ʲô
ѵһܼ֪һʱ䣿
Īǡͽ⣿
"

191 Ҳӵķ

л𴲵ʱͷһ£ۿΧİ, Ļʲô
æȥѰץ˵Ӱ, ȴԼһİĵطֱ, ŶҺȻܹԼƵġ
лæҪӳȥԺҲѾһ飬Ҳ˿˵Ļ
ΪԼѾһʧ, û뵽Լǡ˶ԷõĹ
⻰ʲô˼
лɫǺܺ, ҲпǱŵ, Ϊ仰տʼû, ھ֮ԽԽòԡ
ŴӴ, һСľͻȻӴˤͷ, ʵŵȫ
ǸһֱĪһ, лԼܹ͸ԷЩʲô, ϾǸݺὭôõ, ôܻһӵֵأ
ʵ˵һļٻ, ưǸȾĿһ㣬һǱԼı, һԼҲǱвȵ, кܶ¶¡
Ҫӳȥ, Ӧûûȫл, ղʱͲСʲôһЩ졣ھͼɷǷʱϽӳȥǷ֡
ôԼˣûţδ̧ͷȻͷһ˵˺ȻͽǸ˷еʲôȻ
лأ˲Ŀ˵ĳ࣬һº͵üĿ൱͵۾ҲǺɫ˵ҲһƬë
ˡӦò֮еκһ
ҪΪʲôôã˭ûôƣơ
л˽ӲЦЦ˰һֱ߶ѽҲһҾͳȥһʱ䣬㿴ˤ˰ɣٵһӶڡ
л˶˹Ķһ࣬һСˣͷ
˸һصĸолһģһıķȻΪһķῴҲ޶ǾһˡлŶԷ̽ʣܰҰֽ⿪ٳ𣿡
ԼҪ󶼲̫ϣΪҲ֪ԼǱˣ˼ôҲӦҪɡû뵽ԼȻһϵĴ𰸡
ԡ
ľ͸˰ȻݸӣʮĵĸţȻлˣȻⲻҪҪʮº͵˺Ƣ񻰡
лԼ˺óʱĬĬسԷȻԷǰһŴ򲻿̫ߣȥ
Ȼл֪˴󷢴ȱĸɰƢòȫûʲôϵֻǵľöԷùزˣ˳ſŶܲˡ
лͷϡ࣬ﲻͣؼƻôܣԼֻҪûȫͺð졣ɵǲ֪ȫȫǻˣ˵һ¥ȥСˡʱͿϵϻ
ǺǡȻƽʱƲ𻨴ò˵ЩĳЩʱ΢еõġ
лԽԽľͰѸոĲʸȴˡѶȫ̧꣬ͷٹ۲һİ裬Ȼӵһһ俴ʮֲ۵Ļ
ǻİɫҲÿ˵ģֽ۵ģлһӾסˡ
˻ʶֻлʶ
ǻһ٣ǰĻ֮һȻڶѴˣֻڻϻŷǱȣѰġ
֪Ϊʲôлʱ˿̿⻨;ĪĲ˳ۣر۵ĸоʶľ߹ȥǶ仨˺ˡ
л߹ȥʱķǻƺ͸һī
лǻչЩ£ǻչͿµļ֡
ֽǺֽͨǺ֣лΣڴʱ˿뿴
ղűѹȥ˿´ʱȻð˳ǿƲסġ
ɡ˾ǸӣһôܻôࣿҴûκһܺúõ˼лĿ˿һ־һڵϡ
ˡ

ˣˡ
лԼļҪǸ˵Ļָ
ѵһӡ
⻨ʲôʱýģȵȡȫǻˡ˽ͻòҲһ£ôץߵļСʱ֪֮ģ
Ǹ˲Ǿ˵ûȫ𣿶ҸлǸ˵˽⣬˾ԲǸϲĬĬŵˣҪĻһģǵ˶֪
ô˵⻨ǰͱµģ
֮ǰ֪
лǿԼҪģǰԼŸô˵ˣ⻨籸ģҲ̫ˣǵǰһ¡
͸л֪Ķ㵽ȫǷǵǰԸԵ˲ġлôԸԼʵѾ͸ˡͬʱ滹˽˭ĸ֪֯ǼҪлǰ֯סǰźõס
һĶл;ͷˡ֪Ҳ˵ĺԷô࣬Ͳˣ
лҲ֪ԼΪʲôô࣬ԹԼͷƤĵһ仰ſȥ˸ƽﻨ˵ͬĿǣһֺòĸоòȴʱ޿̲͸¶һ˼Ķ
ͻȻһúܺ°ɣıǸЩҪȥ
Ҫ㣬⼸ŵߣŪһЩ顣
лһġԼԷȻԤϣ
⼸һֿˡ
ҡţ
лԭرԭǸеˣǱĽ֯ˣû뵽Ȼţ
ôְжҰģеɶһ򣬲ֳ͢£Ϊǰһν˲ǰʵλ£ڵĻʵ۶Խ˵ĴѹأеĽ˶ߡ
ֻзǲŻ᲻֪ȤĴȥ
ŶǸ
ģлԼѾЩⲻסˣ亹ˢˢʣﲻֹһεĿʼΪʲôҡҪԼûˣСǸĳЩڻ֮ͼҲȫȫͶԷƾͲԷôȫϵֺܸߵĵط
ôһһԼȻĳ˶Էʺͼʱ˿̼ģΪһԻøУ漸ĿеийصȴǸ۲۵ķӡ
ʲôȴǵܿ͸ġ
ҴˣҲӦˣСģһĻᣬһǰݣл
ſڵĻĬĬشչѷˣȻͿŭ˲ͷߡ
Ǹأ
"

192 ӳȥĹ

ǻȷʵǻʮǰ, һʱ¥½˱дġĻҲǻʱ, 󲿷ֶлǸ塭
¿лͻȻŵĶŵһ, ƴֽٶЩŶԷȥ֮ſ˿ڣʲôĲĵطǵø˵
л˿, û´Ļ, ԷӦþŵˡǵһοһƢôõţ˳Ǹ, ȻҲᱻ
һ뵽, ΢ķȻҲ֪˶ԷǹְԱ֮ķ, ϾְԱҪȽ˽ôһġ
Ҳ˵ǲǸոձһ, ٿ¾Ȼֱź󿴼˵ʸС
о𣿸һҲȻƾƵİ
ĬĬؿ, ôһ˲ͻȻ
ھôƮ˰
¾Ȼ¥ȥ, ĥ˹ƹ֮ž͵ö׾ˡ
绪¾ȥһлʲ, ԭ»ûʲôɸ, ͻȻʧ, ´ֵľͽ, ׼⼸ʱѶԷļҵ׷췭ظһʡ
Ƽ֮, ھˡʲôôͽӣ¾Լߵĵ㷭һ, ƾ֤ܰݴչˡ
˵ǻһʮС檶ʮޡʧٵ⼸ǳ֡
¾ԼӺ׸һ, ÿڿʱ򶼾һвȶûУӣлҲӣȻһľԣǸԡҲա
ף¾ΪԼûһǻ߷ɵƷ裬һǸĵ裬Ϊһɻȷʵ벻ʲôӵġ
ڻ裿Ҫȫ˶裿
ףе񺮰Ҳǲô£
ʰŶʱȻԼĿڴʲôڹóһСӡ²֪ιʲôֻιˣ뵽ӵӬԣνС֡
¾ԼѾⶫĳ򿪼ɣȻԭĴ򿪼Ӧòӡ
ų壬һ¡
콭ǸƵ£»ȥĲһ¡ԭýֻ˸ַ˸£εʱȻһ¡
类¥˹ƳʵҲСˣʮʱ򣬲ԭΪĺСʱ
¥ÿɱ϶йƳ棬ڻеģΪһ趨òҲû̫룬Իû̫⡣¥ӳ磬Դ¥ҵ˹Ƴ뿪ˡ
ʵһۿǸƳʱ¾;ùֵֹģǸƳ˵ˢ˻µĳЩ֪ͦģô󣬺ܶȣܳ롭ҲǹǲͬһֻԼǵĻʲôطһֱֻƳŪ嶼ûʲôӦҲû¡
롭¥ɱΪʲôϻᱻŪôŹֵĶ緢ûйϵ
ȻһҲվסţΪһֽϿ϶ûⶫҲˡ¾Ǿý˵ĶеˣһЩķȥ롣
һ֪ȥˣһ˯磬Ǹʱ򶼲ദ깫ˣſ𴲡
¥챻ץлһүӣСƺţС˳ţĪһ룬ǾƺͲ˰˳ɶǻ¸͹ȥģǾ͸ˣתͷȥ˻¡
˻ݺֻ¾Ȼں
ôˣ߹ȥһۣ˲ϵĴֽѾˣ϶һĻۡ
ͽŵʱ򶼻ûһˣ¡
жţ׷ȥû׷ϡƽĵ
һΪʲô˵
˵ҲûʲôãҾͦæģԾͲˡµ
û°ɣʡ
ͦõģûʲô£촰֮ҾȥһȦպþˡ°˰֣ûµģС²ôСֵġ
Сˣ
ܾûµķӦǲ̫ƽһ㣬ҹͼ¶Ҫˣôܻ˵
½
ļһֱȵ˽һЪĻӳӣȥ˶ӳǶӳһ㶼µӣҶһˡ
ţ̧̧üëǸˣ
ˣӳ˵ûץ
ǸˡṦԼ°͸пһ䡣
ѽϽȥɡƴİѽ¥ƣ㵣ģһֱû˵ҪǽҿֽҶ֪¡
һ߿˵šץ˹ʲô¡͡ץҲˡɻǱͻȻǸƵ˻µ
ֻУлһˣɻһεĵѽ׻Ǳƽˡ
ºϴֽĴʣ鷳ˣ˵ǸԵô˵Ҳţ
Цҡҡͷû¡ǸȻûץطΣձҪĶడ
֪ﵽôʡҡҡͷ˵ãһˡ
˭
һܿµˡؼھȻҲû͸Ҫʲô
ܿµˡ˭ǻֻ֮ǰл˻£Ҳûḷ̌ԻȻû̫ȷǸܿ¡˭ʵڲС¾ֻ鷳һˡ
ʲô£ʡ
ݰˮûһ㡣
ʲô²졣
ҹûܿ硣ǻе죬ʱ˵ǵһЩáϾ˶Щ˵Ӧûͦġ
»ûƽǸ⡱ʲô˼ȴһ˲һµĻ档
½
𴲣ˢϴݻ˳㴦
ԻݳȥһޣŻŻˣȻ
ϻ·ȥŻˣȻһֱ㡣
⣬˹ӣ
Իµı鵹ˣǹû뵽⣬ﵹͦõģΪҲǸӳȥĹơ
ӳȥĹƣɫЩ졣
һ˲䣬ֻĿĹƳ档
"
"

193 ҵǸǸ

Ȼһֱ˵ǽӲȥ, ǻɼžдš
û, ǽд, ǻд
ⲻò˵һ¡
ʼձŶԷҪյŵϢͲüˣʱȫܰЩֱ, Ҳٵսľ
ŵʱ, ʮֵľᡣ
ŵϢĻˣòƳȫ, ĵطΣճ̶ȶû֮ǰԤϡ
ȫϵġ
¿ۻ, ŵıʼˣǰıʼһ, ŵѾһˡ
гȨȫԼ, ȫĶӳİּдӴʱ˿ҪȫĻȫжȨȫյ˽С
, 
񰡣ҵĻɣֻҪȥһׯΪʲôҪȫأ
Ҳ֪ǲİ, ԭ»ܶŵ΢е, һ, ǵûˡӴŵȫȫ
ԶϺ·˸ɴ, ²֪Լûл, ʱԼҪԼˡһӾŻԼĸˣһŵҲеǿ
, , չ¾bossԼ, ǵҲġ
һŵ鱨һ߸Ǳߵ鱨Ӧšŵ˴󲿷ֶۼػӣ׼ȷ˵ˮ֡ӻյ鱨ˮȷʵڰĥʲô
ô˵Ҳˮֺü󴬣ڼȥ˲ǻˣԻڶˮֵϢյѾǰǿܶˡ
ˮû¿Ŷľ˵˵ˮڻµﲻʲôõطҲһֱšˮѾûˡ
ʧˣֻûš˶ˮ֣ȴûһ¶棬֪ǲǲţڵʱҲûô쳣
ˮģһ̲ĬˮҲԷ̶̼зʲôͻȻͱӡ
û˸ܿµĲ롣
ʱûߣڱӵĻ᲻Ҳлһݣ
°ѻػϳʵΪСټ̫طٻȥͻȻԼܶԻĺôԶһ㡣
ػǸطҲаŵĺܣԶȽϺá
ǿ´ϵǸС֮һֱе㵣ģ⼸컹ⶣŵ˲ҪܣһҪڿջҪ鷳ʹûпǹҪˣΪʲôûӾأĲСĻ²ǻ
ǲûп¡˵ѾԶԼԺĹ¸ˡ
ԸûҲûʲôϵԲԡ֪ӦòԸһ۸أԲܽöôܻȰٴΣɼָջӰȫȣҪʱŵѵ
˵ŬԼҲֵңܿͷԼЩ͹ȫЩˣǵĴϻԶԶ˻µ
һЩͬȫָܶĳЩˣֻߡڻڻֵµл
лԴ֪һжǻİź˾״̬˲٣ǵҲ³ƺΪsanֵ͵һֵľ״̬лҲˣʣµİզզ¡
ٿµʱԵ䲻ָʹ´򣡴Щ֣ΧвСڣȴƫƫѡ£Ҳ֪ǲǶűһָպü˻ôһƢ
ͬҲ̬ȶԴǣȫһסڽ˻ܺܵģʹsanֵ½лҲûȥ
¾ĬĬؿлһһһĽлĲҵ
һͦ˼İϻϷлѺ⼸죬ȫҲ˲СĶǰ춼´ѪһΣĻʲôԭ´ģлľٶƺҵһȫµ淨
л͵͵ϵȫˣҪǰȳȥ
лôˢӵģΪһ̳֣˭Լĵ˭Լѡ£ϵ˼ˣϵýֻȥС𿡣
һ۾ϳֻǻϵСʹĴϲȻл𿣬˵л˵ģ˼·ӦÿϵϼԼʶˡ
˵һĲΪҪ׼ȷİ͵һ˵УǸҲԻ̫ĹͬʱҲܰϵϼͬԻ治ôĹѡ
һʼﶼ͸¶һɿζڡ˭ܰңҳȥ֣Ҳ֪һүΪʲôѡԹǡȵ˻Ϣ֮ͿʼԼһҲû˵ԼıǶ׫һȡ
׫л֮ǰԼҲһ˿һûáżǱߵˣסĳطһլӺһӣֻҪȥܴ֣ҲܼӺͺӣȥʱһҪСһ㣬ܰȳȥĻл
Щţ˳ϰǵһС檸˳˳ҵһʧٵʲһޡ
ͦˣһǶʲĺӣòҲͦģ¾͸ɴҲս
Сڻºл֮ĴϢһֱ˵ԼǿջеĳСΪҪܿŵЩԲܼ档лҪĻҲǲԣ¥ǸСľǻµˡ
ֻСֽ¸֡ڿҪŷɡ
״£ºлĹϵͻͽܿͽел뷨еһ
лûȥҼˣһȫ򣬽һȫ⣬ա
ⲻǣǸջҲһֱΪǸŨü۵ĺúӣû뵽ôл¶˵оݡһʱ޲лļһӹ̡
ȵлĳһڸȫϵϵʱ򣬻˵ɲ䷳ĶڿջһЩˣҲлһһ˿
ڸĻѾԭСֻˣһֻ𿡣
ҾȳͺãмҪ㡭õģҿˣ˶ʲôˣȫŵˣֻһˣǸ
һ¼дǸŵҵҷңԼֵµĸѵģ㻹ʲô֮ȿҾȳȥܾʲôٲҾˡ
ֻɳȥһȦ֮ƵĻص˻µ
л𿣬µĻܻϾ󲿷˶ġ
´ֽһֿۣ˶ԷԼۡ
ţζĸпҪˡǾ¡
"

194 

ڻµ, ӦڵôԼĴ󲿶ӳɱ, ϾȺȻԸŵ, лһλȶԶҵ顣
⼸лʧֵ췭ظģҲһĲ, ʱ˵лû£˻أȻӾʹ˺ܶࡣ
ȫĥ, ¶Էֻ̫١ڻ˵, һεȻԽԽõġ
ǽȫ¾аǳȥʱһ, ֱͽӣգ
ͷһֱܣûʱ, żҲͻǷһõ鱨, ̽ЩϢҲԿ, ȷʵǸ൱ǿĶ֡
ʵ¿óҪĿȫ˻, ǲȥ̽λϢȻ°ͦ˶ˣվôҵ, Щ˿, Ҳ̽˸顣
⼸콭ջķ, ⻪֪ľͰΧķӣһ⼸в(ΪỨԱ¹)һЩڻˡ
Իµ۹ѾȫԱģˣ̽ٶȾԿȻǻϵǸ߲㣬ṩ˺ܶϢ
ǸڷܵĺöѣڻµȫϣҲʱʱĳ磬˼ֱ˵ˡ
ϡкܶƯŮˡһȻ˵֪Ƿû֣Ů˵ıҪߺܶࡣ
ǲˣҲֻװ
ʵЩŮֻһȺڻϵˣҲʲôӣˣҲֻڻϸǹ

ȫ򱻽֮󣬻¾Ͱеһ˹һδѪУû̫䶯ģΪֲЩˣ׾ͳҹɫȥˡҪ̺ܴ󣬺ŵע⣬Ի¾ͽǸɴˡ
ܶƯŮˣǵ˵֮ǰץסһ˵仰˵Ǹܿ¶һˣǼŮ˿ȴ
˵ǸҺܿɿˣû˵˵˵󲿷ɼֻһˡ
ô˵һĲ˼飬ʣЩŮ²Ƕˣ
Һȷû裬ǱˡǶЩ˵ǵľǣϸʷʲôǶ˵
¹ԼʷԸ˵ŹˣʵܴǿʵôѾˣΪļȺ˶һȺԸȥˡ
ˡѵǸӣ΢Щɵʡ
ǸץвҲ˴ҶǸ˵ϰԳƺպþǵʱжǸ˵ĳƺҶϬһ
ʹǷӣҲǻЩԼСõġͺⲢûʲôֵġлȥƺҾֵܶķӡҪСǵķ辢ǶĳЩִţǹǻǷӡ
л⼸ڰϵŵèһҳȴûлӣֱӰ˳ι˵ǸΪʲôԴŮ˸Դ˲һ
лŵһ£˼£һţʲôأ˵㲻֪
桭桭лƺЩսľ˿ڿˮʱ˿Ӧþĳ֪ĵطǰѻϢͽķһ̫˵ԷĻһʱֲ˭Ƕˣԥ˻ˡԸܹŹ֣ϲܶණܶණƢʱֱʱֺĥ
лĻشνʮ㣬⻰϶ԼĻϡ˺ü֮˵ģϾΪһСĽϴ̣лڻӦûʲôøеġ
Ҫһǰھϸ˼Ҵлֱ˵ѽʶǸˡ
Ĳࡣ
еʱҲŮ˵ص߶ǺϵóлֽͰ͵ĵΪŮ֮ʵ̫ˣûϵóûϳͺܿġ
ϳأȻʡ
лɵۣ⣬Ҳ֪֪˰ϳôҲûϹ
桭̬һĲ˵ΪʲôŮ˸ĺãԼҲŮˡ
ι
ںĬĬ۾лǣ˰
ڿ̬һ
Ů𣿡Լ°ͣҿǵδء
ţֿ۽һôܲŮˣԻʲôأ˰
˼˵ǹ֣˼˵Ҳǹ֣Ҳ˼˵ɶ
һôΨһĿԾֻΪ̫ˡΪ̫ĳҪڽҵĹҵĺĺҵ뼴룬ܳƵǰ˵ǸŮˣ˵ǡǳϲŮˡǺǣ˼
һתͷǣллԶԶģȻЦˣôԶ
˵ΪʲôôԶΪʲôô
жϻһ㣬Ǿһ棬Ǹ˺ɫģҹҲȱʲôǲöôԶҾǸԼ˵һЩΪĶѡЦЦ
Ǻл⻰òƷһ㣬źȻ־̫ԡµһӷ⣬ʲôС˺ɫʲôʱɫ

ºȻ˳˼ԼԻݼʱȷʵǴĸɧ§˸رÿĴ㡭
Ǹǻš
֮ʲôһ˵Ҳи׼ʡ
Уϲ̫ϲΧ˺ܳҲϲ̫ĵطеֲ̫ĵطϲɾҵ˻ȥϲڵˣϲŮˣǳúÿԸŮˡ
лĿİͰ͵˵һѣҲùŹлЩһ£Ǿ󻯳ĺǸֵ˰
л󻯳֮ǰûиожô֡
ϲָƯ·ƯΣԼʳл¿ˮ˵ģǼҲ֪
һüͷѾ׵ˡ
üͷ˰춼ûʲôԵ⡣
"

195 ȰĽ

žĪľ, ͵͵ȥ, ûﵽһ, ͺȻ˻
Ҫȥİʡ
ҡ¥˵
ȱ, ȸҴţл㡣۾лһۣϬվ, лȻİһ죬ǺȻİһ, ˾ͳȥˡ
ʣ˻ºͽˣ, һûأǰǸʲô˰
±ΪѾˣǴϱŪǸС, û뵽ͻȻƵĴƴڻĺŪȥ, ǵ, ûʲô˰
㻹װһмĵƾ, Ҫﻹס㣿ҾûʰˣȰץ˵Ȼҿ϶Ĳ㡣
˵ʲôԼԭ¶𣡶ұ¶ԭȻǽ̫Լ
еЦ, ˵Ǽȫµĺ°
ܻɿԲ˵, ıʵ̫, йӻС˽סŻ룬սս˵ˡ
˵ʲôֻϹ˲ǡ
ңһֵˣϴߣӣɤƣҲ֪¶϶˵
ϹҲģ²ľһ˹ûǸ˾ǺϲҲôץ˸е˹Ϲ࣬Ǿո˱˳һɣ˵˻ĸϹࡣ
°ʲôʲôʽʲôСʹֶֻ˵ˡıҲĴһ֡ߣСĻĹҡĸоȵ¾Լı಻ȥˣŷŹ˻¡
ĥһ£֪ǲˣֵֹܾġ
ôˣʡ
Ȳ֪ȥ֤֤˵ȥתͷҽһ㡣
Сµ˵ͷȻΪʲôҪȻô˵ˣÿջ˰ȽϺá
ȥ󲻾ãֻë޵Сһֵ˻µĴǰ½⿪ֽһۣƤȻһ¡
дǡ⼸Ӫл
лǸѣǰյлź󣬾һֱĥǲҪлҲļƻҪԷʱǾеĺˡ
粻ƫƫҪʱûֲõԤС
ԭҪԼͿŻ֪İѶԷµģ˭֪պúͽײˡȻпֻѪ»ǲ̫Ҷġ
ô죿ҪҪýæҪ֪飿°ĥԭûҪԽֵģʱڿǰʹһֶΡ
Ҳȥˣ룬ֽд˼仰Ȼû˳ȥĿܼ򵥣ýǵĹæµһ㣬øһӽ賿ҲŻʱ˶ѾˣҲ˳ѶԷ˸һ£˳һҵ
˻书Ҫӳһ£˵͸ˣʱ򳡾ӵϲּ
һУڽ¡ҪͲһʲô¶ˡ

׼ǰͷȥǸŮߵĵطȥʵЩ֣Դ콭ڣ˲ٸйصͼȥ
ȺŮӻʱ΢һ㣬Ҳ˶ԷԸЩŮвŮԸǺӲ˵ģҲԼԼĲµԷʲôطЩĿǰĶ㲻
һǣĳЩСǲǶʵġ
ǲǺϲʳǲϲƯ·ǲǲϲ˳ֺʹ³
˵ЩЩŹ֣ڽҪҪĶࡣ
ǽֵһ̤ȥͲһ˿ʮֲϢ
϶ģΪס˺ܶϲС㣬ʵǸܸϢĵطǽֻ֮ģ··ߵĻһ
ֹŹֵĸоһʱ˵ģʱĽֵϾҶ·һƬ飬ϢӣʵŻˡ
ɻһԱߵһʣǸסһǶʶĹһ˲䣬ǻصڽֵϵǶһ
˭Ĺʡ
ңǰǸǵսľĵ˰ŵȵ￪ţŵһ˲䣬Ͱ˽ȥ
űϣ˲ֱÿյġ
ջ棬һֱıСȻһЩƺûӣ۾ȴѾ˿
˹ˣ࣬İӦ̽Ϣġ
ô죿룬ɵǱȥѽסһҪ㰡ǧһ֣

ǱǸ͵ȥû˵أǸﳤ̾һˣղŴϢϢ˵˸ӣǶҳţȫ
Ǳʱе£ῴָ΢˿˭ǵģ
ʶˡﲻԸ˵ʣǾ𣿡
ҲżһӦû˹ˣ㲻õġ
ɻʡ
ܾЩ}ˣһʱ䲻ȷǲԼǸ˼
ﵹĵ˵ͷԣ¶ᱻģھѾڸϹˣǴ֮ǰȲҪȥǴ֮ͺá
϶յģЩ}ûţ˹⻰󣬲֪Ҳƽ硣
ʵ֪ǡ˭Ϊʲôһж˾ռߵӣҲʳڣǵĵǸ㣬ֱʵʲôʱܳȥ
ţһ£Ҳ֪һӦϰɡ
ƺ𰸲⣬Ϊʲô
ΪǻץǸӡǻСΧȦڳȥĻᱻΧ
Χôʡ
ᱻһɱˡܿ϶ĵ
潥Ĵ˺ܶ˵Щ˵Щ࣬ԶĴƳĵӦĳźţĻǵɫֿʼˡ
˾űȥˣģ˵û𣿡
۾ϸһҲվţҶ
˻ᣬȻ۾ȻͬˣãǾš
ãȻһ룬ƺý̫Ȱһ㡣
"

196 տ

θǻֵµһС˧, ǵǸر, ˶ﶼǳò, һڶĳɼְǸˡ
ǰڻһ죬˵ڴѹӵģЦǺǵ, ûκηһ˾÷ǳ
Ҳ滨gdף˭֪Ȼôһ£ҲֻС˧ֵ, Ծȥˡ
ȻС˧;ж󣬻Ҳû, ͦԲ˼ңǧ˼ҽй, ˵Ҫúƶһ·չ·ߣӦĸչת۾˼ҸϱС
ﰲ, һʼɫ, Ҳûʲô̫ܵĵط, ɫԽԽǵԽԽġ
طǳĲԾ, ڴ֮ǰû̫ĸܣһϣָо˲Ͳˡ
֮ǰû, ҲΪʲô˵ȥԵʡʱ˵, Ƕ쵽ջ, 쾹ȻôӲ
ǸŮ˴ӸղſʼĬϢģȵתͷһֶԷȻѾ˯ˡ˯ģ֪ʲôʱ
ǿǸŮˣ˵ô𣿻˵ڼҲǷİĴеŹ֡
Ǹ˯ˣǺͽ˵Ҳͱ΢һ(ûǲ֪)ŽԴղŽһֱ棬һԲ
˺óʱ䣬źȻԼпһ䣬ѹǰ쿴ʲô
ôˣãȻʡ
漸ѾȫˣиС͵ƣղûҵҲ㲻šһֱûͷһֱԽԽСĹ⣬Ĺ˯ذ˯ﶼеëһʼ˯˻ôڶʼǲ˭ҩˡ
Ҳͽ˰˭ܸҩ͸ղһ᣿
ôһǲǣΪԷǾóµġ˵ʱ򣬽ͺȻһָߣꡱһ
㡭ǵĻû˵꣬Ȼһӵ
֪ﴫģ󣬹ƸһֶҲΪʲôôʱ䶼ûԭ򣬼ʹϣҲ޵ġ
һµӵ˺
ʾô뻹ûʳڣΪܾý˵Ҳ
ȻⲢ˾ȵ飬֮󣬵ƽһ˿£ڰ׽١
ҹɫٵʱ
Ȼҹɫ٣ϣƺЩʲôһˡ
ֵֻĳطȻ

һյرĵƣǺɫģԶԶĿȥۻңƺкܶิӵͼ
ıһͼԼûпǷһȷǼٵ顣
ͼϺŽ⣬ⱻôһոۣӳĴõġ
ǰҲûīīĲ˽۵ģдֽЧû뵽˻īд
ǱһŮ˹ҳġ
Ů˾סǸڵƿţ˳
ǸرŮˡ
ͷϲ䣬ϵ·˽𻨡
üۼ˵ĵģ˫۾ȴһ˿ĮֵĮ缸Ȼһ壬˼ֱӡ
ŮϵξʮĶһһģһŮ˺ٻôŮ˾ô󷽷Ĵ˳Ҵҹ
ǡѾɵˡ
ûҲЩʲô
˵޵ĳź濴һۣȻ߻ȫƺû͵ˡ
ΪһСУǶ״ʵЩ޷Ԥϣһʱƺܵ۵ĳ
οŴûӺ͵ԣ̹׵˵ĿǰĿֵߵ˾ӳҲֵߵˡ
ŨױܹһձȲϵĸоǸŮתͷ˲䣬ǼΪԼ˹ɣͲˡǸŮ˲Ψһһģϣ½˲Ůˡ
ͬһֵĳӱˣһģΣͷӣһ·۽һССģرСɵ룬ﻹһӵƵĹ˳
ͬѵƹſڣȻֱı˻ȥ
һֳһһ£־һյ΢Ůˣдһ˵ĳ֮⣬üĿºͣüһССĹ룬ͬſڡ
ۼ⣬˶һŮˣŮ˺أһ£ͷ߸ߵһɫӣӢˬ
ͬһյǵһЩͬ滭һررĻ⻨Ѿýīˣǻýȥġ
½
ӢˬŮ˴һصߣֻ˰欵Ļǻ͵ϵͼһġϻһ˫۾ܲʶߣڿĵһۣ˲˳һֻꡣ
껭ļƤŮ˿ƺһ˿
һһŮ˳ʮ꣬СʮӣÿŮ˶źÿѣŵҰѵƹǵſڡתۼ䣬ղŻĽֵϾѾõƻͨ
ֵһ˲ͱкܶŮ˴˳ڰһֵգۼСֵĵ̴ʱǵûأֿ˼ҡһһֱΪǵ˵ģ˭뵽Ͽź⻹쳣Ļ𱬡
ʱǺͽΪһȽϰĽֵס˲Ǻܶ࣬Ϊǰ߶˵еģ࣬ܶ඼ǵŮԣڼȻЩ֣ۣҲ˵ġ
ֵϴûһջڴ֮ǰǻûΪʲôˡ
ľ󡭡ĸܿ
վɵʱȻղſ˯Ĺˣ濴һۣЩŵĵˣˣ˯ͷˣ
תȥ˷ȻҳһյССĶӵƣֻаƴС͸ȻСҲζϽܵſڰѵϣȻԼӣױ硣
ǾôĿɿڴĿﵱ磬ʵЩ֪룬ЩߡǺ򶨣ֲҰкܶˣǶԭǶϢ𣿡
ô򶨸ʲôǾﲻԾ
еط˯ֵһ
һ㣬һֱͶɤҪѿڶˣȫżǿû˵ȥ
ĶһĹÿ˶Ĵһ䡣
½
ĿŮаٷ֮ʮкġ
ЩλòһЩｿεϡ
Ȼȫûп
ӣӳô죿ˣ磬ȴԼ˹ߡ
ûлش⣬ǿǸױĹ˼
ôһ絹ͦÿġ
"
"

197 

Ƕ, ʱûгȥкܶ˶ע⵽, ոǸǻͷһ۵ĺŮ
ĿǰǻûϿһе, пܾΨжܻһԼŮĴ
ҵһԼ˶ʦֵĴЩܾԼҲûʲô
ͽǰ컹ҽЩʧ˵ķȥ, һգ۾￴ôࡣЩϴźŮڽϺȻţŮûʲôͬҲǶɵӣѾ˼ôӳȥˡ
ǶŽһ, ʾҪȹ۲һ¸ͬһӵŮˣȻۼĹάһ¶Է, ĿǰԷôҲ˵, ȻǺӴôʱ䲻û֡
⣬ҲĿǰΨһֵҵĵط
ǼΪԼ˼ҵˣ˵, ֺ±, ϶Ĵһ˿Сٿ, ı鵹һֱԵ򶨵ġ
һ˿ƽʱûеӣƽʱǸһͲ̫ģ, ǶΪ֮ĿΪе벻ֹͷ˽ȻԼӵó
˿ˡҼǵʱ˵иӵ˰ɣЩڻڽ, ú𣿡
ֵָָЩȺӵġСǡ
ᰡǸŮʮȻҡҡͷ, ǳûʲôµ, ΪǸӦҲٹˣȵҪʱǳȥǸʱӦȫʱ򡣡
ǰʱҺûǡ
ΪǶ˯ŮЩϰ˺˯԰ʱ򶼿ǡ
ԽԽ࣬ǵĻЦＸȾһ˼ðӡ
ôһ£ղž˵ҹŵϢϰе㲻ԣû뵽ԭҹߵҲֻ뵽¥Ůӣֲ롪ЩӦö¥Ůӡ
ȫǷӵ¥ԣӲˡ
иʮ˵ͨ߼⣬Ȼ¥ģһ˶ûе¥ģĪǽҹġˡֻ
վſͣһᣬһֱ֪Щʲô˭֪˼ͻȻƿˡ
ǣ
һƿ͸Ĵ˽˾úһǽͺȻʧһ˶סˣ彩ӲĸһשһǣҸ㲻죡
ѽԼҪקҺ
űƿ½תͷվſڵĽǻģ£۾ŽɨһۣȻµƿ˵ĸоͺѾˣȴֺһƬ
ǿһŴ׳ԼҪϢˡŲСǶôˣôʱûж¹ʲô֣ǳԺȣһ춯صС㡣
ǵĴǰǸͦ𱬵̯ӣʱǻʲôģȵԺſǸָ֬ÿ֬þµĲپµСװţرĺÿһŮӼҵľºС
ҪȥھͿԳȥŮȻ俪ˣ֮ǰС
ڳȥûʲô𣿡ʵʵǲᱻЩŮ𣬵ֱ֮졣
⻰е֣ǳȥߣȥ¥ܸ
˵ʵЩŵͬҲûֵطǵһΡ
ûµģǶ֪ҴˡŮǾܳȥɵʲô͸ɵʲô
˵žվϴһۺɫȹͷ׹ִԱߵյƸǣȻҲš
ʵţһֱ˵ǸİŸϣҲزȥˡϽ͵ǣȻǰʼߡ
һ£ȵң׷ȥ
ӣӳǼݴ˵Щˡǹ
ǰһĻЩĳʶſԽЩŮϵ˼١ЩŮҲûǣǳܵĵ̯ĸֶϡ
㱼ΪԼ͸ˣǰĽǵ΢΢һüƺûֵʣӣӳƽʱǻҴôͻȻ͡˵˰
ͷĵһһƹһսǣһϣĹʢ췱ǣֵ¥һһţ˼ٸǧÿһǣƬա
⼸˵۳̶ǿʼ˼ԼǲڱҲĸһ
Ǵʱ˿̾ЩԣǺͬ棬û뵽ѵƵġôʱڿһȺˡô˵Ҳе˾ÿĵŶԣϾطŮȷʵе֡
¥ӵ֪Ҳͷһ
Ⱥע⵽˽ǣһЩһʼȴûгŽ߿һֱһ
ǳǸȥվƯŮˣÿϴ·ǳÿ˵϶һ޵ĺ롣һŮΪƯ𱬵ļʹ΢ɵ·Ҳ¶һЩǶڿ
ǿĻ亹ֱðЩ˵һֺ¶ǵĶȻҲ²۶ԷʲôԾĵطһֵطĲࡣ
Ǽ˿˻ᣬȻǰȥĬĬظеһ˿־壬ǡôһ̼
ӣӳô죿ʡĻû˵꣬Ȼһܶӣ㲻һȥ𣿡
վŵǸˣĵľһֽǿ˿ָķȻǸղǼȥķæҡҡͷ˲ˡҡеܲˡȷʵл
תͷ۽֪ΪλӳǸһֺܻĸоΪԷأ˭֪Цһ(覵ЦǾס)ˡ
ǸŮǵĻתͷ뿪ˡ˵Ҳ֣ղŴʱŮ˻ǳĿˣĻ̧ȾߣֵüĮ
ΪΪʲôһ
ΪǡΥˡ򡯡˵ֵʱֱЦ˵ġ
򣿡һ£˵ʲôôȫû
ǵǰʱǸǵʾ𣿡һζȻĸоϵֱȻͬ
ǸϲƯĶϲƯŮˡϲòˡ
"

198 

ǻ¶Ǳ, ˽˵ʲôνġ֮ǰ, ȻΧľе־, ûеﲽӵĵز
˽Ļڴ粽뽭ߣŮƵĴ, ͬһȡΪеĻһڽߣǶǲ
ûǲ֪һֱƵᡣǸССĶӵ, յӵȻСȴˡ
ע⵽һ, ˭ֻҪоŵĵ, Ͷ̫ǸƸǵʱ˵ߡģǸﻹ˵˶֪ˣǹƾǴġ
Ǹ͸ǵĶӵطֱǻ, ٻ, ֿʼǸһЩֵֹĵطˡ
ΪʲôҪѵƸ֮ͰǸϳȥأΪʲôһҪһֱأ
ߵ·˲ƯС, żҲôˣЩ˸ǲһǵûеơ
ĿЩ˸ǵһļһ, ˼ƯСͱˣ֮Ͳ֪ȥʲôطһ֪ʲôè⣬ǿǾ԰ѳֲסġ
˵, Լ, ۾ĺ, ˵ҲԳ
һֻֽץŽĸ첲˵㰲ĵĸоͬʱҲЩ߰ͷ
Ƭط컹жôĴ󣬵ֱûûˡƼֱ˿ۣŮ˼ֲԼںδ˺ܾúܾãڸо˽ļ٣òֵľͷԶԶĿȥһƬûκεĹʣǵγĶԱȡ
ֻԶԶߣһҲӽǸǳڵҹɫҲҲ˿ڡ
Ȼߵʱ򣬽ļڲܳȥ
ΪΪʲôеãȻ
˵仰ͺȻ֮ǰǸ˵ģʱȫ仰зɿһЩʱȥѾѹһУȫٿ顣
ûֻڵļκζĵطɨһȦ߾εһ
ָָǿ
һãĳǱԼһʼʲôûпŽָ˺üηλǰȻһ΢Ĺ⡣
ǰ˵ˣǸĹϵһǸˣѧϰҲܿ̿ࡣڸоǹһ˲䣬ƴǵʲô
һӺ˴𰸡
䳡ǸǼͷĹ⡣
͵ĵһȻͷˡ
ȥȻŹ֣ҾԲһ
ôֵָЩ֣һ뵽ԼͷˡƴקŽˣڶ뿳ĳ嶯ȻҲûʲôĶôģһ·ΪڿЩ˵ĵط
ɫɷɷ׵ģһῴ˿һῴ˿죬үһװѶԷʲô໰ֻϧ¼Ĺϵ˵ڡǸ򶨣ôżʲô
˵ôżʲôǱֵ̬ĹǺ򶨵ģָûʲôµģߵֵıԵûʲô£ֻҪֵ̤һӦòô
ô֪ʡ
ΪǵʾûᵽЩԸ˵ԸҾǲ̫ģ
һŹְһţѹŭ䲻˽һȺ˵ԶԶķ룡
ôһ֣ûЩֵĻˡڶĹǿƽ˵˵ùֵǸ˺ѧʡ
ǣǵĻû˵꣬ͱĻˣ˵֮ǰţ䵣Ĺ֡һ²Ҫ˵
ʵҺܾǰ㣬Ӧöǳƾѹ͵ӦǵġҴֶױǿʶƣط˵С˵Ӧöûʲô𡣡ЩĹòƶ˵̸ҲôȤղŵĴǸܴ³ΪӦóˡ
ңУеãȻΪԼղѾѹԼܲڱ˵ĵϻеܻɽƭ
űĵĽ׳ŵӵ˵üüǶҲ̫ʹ˰ɣüô֪أ
Ұһһߵ߻ħǾżͻϣܰһ㡣
ÿһ߻ħڱǵͬʱֻᱻܶණڵѧϵ츳ʱǰͼһЩǺûҪģǴ򽻵Ҫֱһ㣬磬󷽷˵ֱӸʲô
˵仰ȻͣҲͣȻһĴУִʮֵͬʱҲ̧ͷ
½
ֲ̧ͷΪһ޵Ŀ־壬·һ̧ͷͻᷢʲôµ顣
 ̧ͷܿһȦ֪ʱΧЩڹֵŮ˶ͣÿжŸָĵÿ˶Žͬ룬ÿ˶ͬһֱ飬˹һ˫ֵĮ۾
棬棬ǰ棬棬棬棬棬档
ǻ㱼Լקŵֻ΢΢ЩӲҺǱָо֣ͺԼקһǻ˵֡
˳ֻֿȥպþͿ˽ۣҲһֵĮ˺ܶһĶ䣬޻ʣȴʲôµĶ
ϵŮһϵÿ˶ڿ
ǺȻˡžһᣬ·ǴԴġ
Ժһңˡ

лÿһӾһۣòѾɵǧ֮⡣
ûõķ˿ûбȻҲͿڿʲô
½
С˧õĵʲô취ǸطҺ񶼴ûȥлȥһĬĬص
еıҪΪʲһֵ¾ӪӺ⣬һҾӪſ֬ĵꡣ
֬ʲôأ
ʵǿں졣
ľӪʵ㲻úܺãڽߵĸŲϺţǮĶǡǻڿ֬ʱ򣬺Ȼ͹һЩǧĻ䡣
ȿȣʹ佻ӵĻ䡣
лȻ»İѱ¡
ˣӦˡ
"
"

199 ˭·

ǲԱߵһСȻ̧ͷ
лıһӱý, µǰеûһ, ɸøʲôʲô
Դ֮, лһͿʼ˲Ƶģһ˵ﲻһ˵ﲻʱʱû¸˲赹ˮ, ȣ¾е֣Ǿȥ¥ק˸Ϥӹ, ӱˣ»Ǽȡ
, òҲߺŽģΪ滹ѧʶ涼Ǻ, ǺôǸƯӰԼҲеëȽϲɰƯСһֻҪԱиСͻúܺá
ڱϹƾˣåǰ, Ƿڻ, ¿˼Ȼеᡣ
̫ûͬСˣİɡ
лһֱעĳ, ʱ˿̻Ѿ͸˻Ҫ͸ˣΪµķӦȲԱսŵС, ˼Сô˵˾仰һֱﲻ֪ڸЩʲô
涼Ѿ˻, һȥв˾Ż߹, ǸСﶼѾλվ, ܻûȥ¥£Ҳü¥һƬ֮ȻջӦҲѾ
Ѿ֪ͨ¥¿ջĵСϰ£ỹ̫ȡŵЩ˾ͲһˣȫǳŻŸ裬ߴһͱһȺɱˣǸЩô˵Ҳסġ
¥ƺ˼ҴҵҪ֪ͨ¥·飬ǱߵлȴƺѾȫ
ƺѾáǰľѾˡ
Щˡǹ𣿡ʱͻȻһ˵Ǹɣʮֵƺûһ˿ķʹʱ崺ĸоƺҲл޵ĵ
Щº͸޵ܹ׳ϵŻʱȻһͬ־ÿЦ顣
ˣ˱Ҳûشµ⣬ǸѾſڣʼˡһһߺӳӳڲڰˣһˣ
ӳ㿪Ű
仰û˵꣬ƺ˸ΪֵļƺѾ˿ջˣջĵһƬΪǣǰĽֵǺĽֵû̽ͷ֣˺ѾϰΪһȫ˯ͺ﷢һжأ
·ϵҲûУҲûУԶһ·һΧĹµһʼܹ˰ǾȳʱԽԽҲˣǵˣ쿴رϤĽֵʱ˿̶İҿͺסһȺĹ
ڿջϰ͵СûгҪȥңȴǺûڿջĴһоǸεסˡ
־;ųŵȺǽľˣ֪֮ж˻ŴŴְЩ黪¶ǹܲŵġ
°Ŵ򿪣òƵ˵˸ͷ¥ϳ濴һۣһȺˣÿ˵ﶼŻѣеߡ
ǲлץʵǻġ⡱ʵлҲûһ磬ͷβţ˻ЩδظҸһЩȻ治˳ۣȻǶûз˵ǾԼӦô򲻹档
Ǳлʱ˵Լǿ϶ҵġ
վڽ¥µˣмƾЩ˵СϳЩ˭
ýģõģƵġһһ¶һ˿Цƽʱͦ඼û֣ôһȫԼβ͸¶ˡ
վ棬ɨˣ˶Ȼ˲˵עǺܿͿһ£򵥣һѵˣҲл˵Ǹܺ۸˶˺š
лӻ±ķ˳ϹȫѹƲסЦݡһ˻˻֣һ۾ϳ˶ԷǸȻǱĴ֮ϰ屾ӦòģһûлôǮűȵˣԼҲ书Ųײ̬ˡ
һ£ͷֻ˸򵥵ͷ͡ҲûκεװΣֻǰĳɨһۣߺȻһ˶ϣǻϵһսȽǿˣӳ¼ǵöԷΪԷһֱͦѱġŷ˼ҲѱǸͿ˳ۡ
µ۾ͶԷңӳȴȻӻµ۾￴ʲôͻȻܵһ˿ǿҵĲֲǴģܻܶණ
ʲôأ
ӳǸˣҲлᵽǸһвûеˣɻŶԷô⣡ֵΣոУͺȻǸЦݡ
һӡӳԼǶѾˡ
̫־壬ӳһʱ侹ȻûʲôֻɽһΧ˵ע⣬Ƕ֪ӳڸɽʲô
ӳȺսǿһᾹȻֱֱĿһȻ󷢳ʯ־һгɻͬʱҲļʣôˣ
˵Ҳ֣ܽϰ͵Сʧջջмƽʱļ·ֻ¼ϺȻ˼·
ܵĴӼ·ϽߵģȻһϣԼͳˡ

м飬ջмͬġװ
еһЩµСӣСͬĳЩСȴȫ򲻿
ͬ͵ġװ㼸벻ǸʲôõģǾ뻮һĳ˼Ҽһ֮С
½
ЩķֲϵÿһƺӾһ޴լԺЩʱڵȴűʲôʹá
Ѿβ˵ǣһǰͰôһѾ޴·ܣЩ·졣
ϸһ룬ȫǾסĿջ
Щ·ͬǵ棬·
ÿһ·ĬĹ¼ϣЩ·ۻҡ
΢˳ŽķŴ˽·΢΢Ʈ䲻һƺվˣÿһ˶ڰŽ
"
"

200 ̾Ϣ

ѹʱֻԼӦǵһʮĵط, ʹû۾, ܸоΧ, ֺ仹̫һȷԼӦĳֽڣ⽨ڲӦǺġ
۾, ȿһƬڣһʱΪԼϹˣȻȻԼǰ治ԶһƮƮ, ֣֮Ǹûнš
Ŷ
ǰİ۾±ˡ
һ۾˽˵, һ˵ԼµҲ, ôҲһˣ
˵ӦðͽǸӦøһİѵڳԺڰŪˣ
һµ, ȻͺȻ֪Լںδ
һ·֮, ĴǱ¼ϵ·
ոǸûŵˡʵҲֻһŵİɫ·ѡЩ·мһճĺ, 룬µһ·
ǰ·ó, ϳǽϳŴģΪЩ塣Խܰ·΢΢Щ, ˽, ƺǴǰЩ·ĺ洫ġ
˾Ϳ
һ·, ЩңԶ
ʮֵ򶨣ȲǷ˷裬Ҳǳʲô¡
Ƕ߶µİƨɵµ·ϣȻķ˹ȥ
طǳĴȴּž˵ʲôһʵϲûУֺһŵĶ·еˡ
һֱ߹Щ·ľͷַһһţ·ָС·ĹߺܰΨһйߴǼ·ĺ档
΢΢ľЩ£ǳŹߴȥȵ˹յķΧһӣϰѾȼ¯һ˵Сӡ
һӴĵưϡ
վӵԱߣ۾Щ·еһտҲ¼ܡ
¼Ǵľģϸڴ˽ϰڶӵƵҫ·źʵֹӵɫʡѾվ¼Ա߿˰죬Աߵ˹ԼͷܾͷεģǵøոԼûײͷ
ʲôҲû˵ǼƽʱᴩİɫӣֻʣһЩİɫ£⿴ƽʱĽЩǱȴе
ԼεǰĶǵһſ۽۽ǵ뻹ڣǺɫɫȴղſôˣǺǸͨĶûκĵط
ԼεǰķӦܾе㲻˼ǾԼʱħ
ǲ˼İ·˹ȥӹ·Ҳûдֻϡ
ܶһһ·ԶԶһǸͷһط·ɵԹӦþˣվǾЩëԼԴʣӳİ
һȦ۲һķ򣬷ߵе٣ŹȻͷӡ
ӵ濴ޱȣΧһ˶ûУýЩ֡װ޵ĺ̶˵Ӿ֮ˡ
ֻһЩ֣һյûйң濴Ǻģ·˲ûлһ
ǸѵʱеԺҲԼĿ˳ƺʲôŹ֣ȵϸһȻǰ·ӣǸ򿪵СЩ졣һµⲻǡ
СĶҲ˸ʵֻǸ򵥵Ļױжѣ֬ˮۣϿ֬һľ̵ӣָͷһѪ
ôһӶѾ൱ˣ˼ҵĺûٴĶҲЩֵǮ
ЩȻһֵֺĸо˵Ϊһʱûסʲôط֣˲ѿڶϣǿջﲻҲ𣿡
ʵÿȥԶĲ͹ﶼСڴߵһСԣû
ǻڴ֮ʣԱߵСƵ߰ɣӦǲСĴʲôطˡ
طͬǸȫŮ͵Ľֵһһַ·εĸоžĵطЩ·ľһһӵ΢Ĺһգżᷴ䡣һ⣬·ʱض
طҲȫ·żҲһСӣΣӣͷЩ·ɵġǽڡ֮СЩϼһ¯һӣһͭżһЩ˲ʶĶ
ЩӺӵĳܸһֵĸоӸղžһֱ˼ط˭סģ˭סֵطЩӺӵòǵİװõģǵĸо˭Щ·ԹЪϢõġ
ԽߣǾ;Խ£ֱ֮ǰĻбˣ첲ůļҡһһʣӣӳⲻ԰˭˭ŻסֵطǴǲǡ̫ð
֪̫Ǿ͸Ͻȥ𡣡ǳ˵ǳûϽȥͲ֪ˣСʱ򾭳£ģ֡
ǶԼ챻ƫˡ
˵ӦСģû̫˹Ȼ˵ͻᱻţֱе
ੲУӶסľǸʲôˡ
ʵŮΪЩ·еŮĶУƺеŮĶܴ
ߵһλʱȻǰһ顣
һ˲ĻϲΪԼѾҵˣȹȥһ͵Щʧ
½
ֻһ¼ܵˣ⵹µ¼￴ƺһ·¼ܺ濴ԻԹ֮СǸ¼Ϲһɫ·˶೤ʱˣһƬƬ룡·֮俴Щۡ
ʣӳŪµ𣿡
ǰ˵ʱûκζ
Ŷôһ˵ǲźȻԷԴӸղſʼһֱԹûбƻЩ·İ裬ҲûѼӰῪм䴩ȥ
Ǳ˹ȥƺֻŵµ¼ܿ·ʲôģȴߵǰʱȻȥ¼ܷһ
СκζСľŪʲôأῴɴĶæӳҪ
˼ҵ·ӵ˲ð˼ҷһ𣿿Ӧ÷ǳϲ·ѵ˵¼ܷòɡ
¼ܷȻ·Һã˳ĻңһĻһ߸пһ治ǺӣǴͦ˵ģ봩ĺÿҲò
˸ոȥʱ򣬺ȻӶһ
Ǹ˵̾
½
̾ᣬһȻֺ֣Ȼʧһ̺ԣ˶Ǵﴫġ
ԣǲ֪ýҲ֪ⲻںڽӳ
ΪĿһ̣һ͵ľͷ˽ϣֱ¶
Ҫ·ˣĿŽ
ȴڼȻ
ʲôûһŶӵƣЦŵ߰ɡ
"
"

201 

ջﾲĳ, ҲҲոҺĵ, һ붼 ŵ̧ͷ, ڶ¥ĳϵˣһϮۣͷ, ΧԶճ뾶׵ľ룬·Դ˶ҿһ
龰
ողۿ⴩һϮ۵ľǵĻӳ, ˡ
ȻڿĻӳҲĪֹŹֵĸо, ·ôһڲͣĺǿܡ
иոս˶ԸŤڵϣղǸĲеˡ
ҪȺʣµĻŵ˵ոնʲô, ӦҲ˵ס
˵ͦºͦͰżΪ̫߶ԵЩµĻôͻȻһӾͱһۣڶ¥ϵǸأ
ʱ˿̵Ļ¶Ⱥ˵ϤֲϤϵ˰, һƬ, ֪ʱԶһ, ջĵƹⶼѾ͸ȥˡ
£ôٶ۵ҲܲԾղô, ˵ô˵Ҳüˣֲûˣֵ, Ӹղŵ, ȷʵûһ˹һ, ٸǴĶûС
ͺһжǱźõһǱûǡּ˵Ŀ־УеһǱźõĴ
ϢԽԽʪ󣬰ʪĸоǰ춼Ǵõ죬ȴȻ˴˵ǸΥ졣
ˣ⾰еһжǱźõġ
ڤڤ֮беĸоʵ̫ˣڴ֮ǰڳе˶ûĸܡ
Լȫ޷յĸоվ±ߣʱͻԨԳΪÿһ˵جΣҹǻ
һƬµĻУΨûбźõģ·ֻ¥ϵǸˡ
ǸҪһеôҲû㵽һģԾ
վбˣ濴һۣʱҲˣٹһʱͻ
˳ŸոձײĴƮ˽·ջһҰ׵ɫ
ջǰ²ɵΣƿз·ӵƾˣЩҹµɫҲ԰׵ˣջΨһеɫʵģ˾ʻģֻһϽɫǴһ׹Ļϻ˳
ӳ˺óʱ䣬ջһررϸСǸŮӵġ
ͬվڶ¥Ӷһ棬ʱСĵ
²ûһһ˰ĵ΢Цֻ̧ͷĿŮһۣϵıƽģһ˲Ůӵĸоǻ£ֲ¡
˵ǽҪأǸŮӺСĵʡ
ԼղŴͳĶվӶ¥һԾ£°Ʈת۾ֻһ䵽һ¥ϡ
ڹ̨ҵһӣܵӸŵȺǣһææҵĿʼѵϵЩ˰ϡǵĶ΢Щ׾˰һԵóЩҡ
Ļȴĸջһ˿Եó嵭һЩգģҲ΢Ŀ־ѳһ㡣
´һæҵм߹Լβ¡ˣûڿĵһ۾ͳ֡ԭǣŽ֮ǰֱûݰȺ˸˵ڿҲڽȺ֮ı뷨
뷨ֻǰĿǰ˵øʵ·л顣
Ҫ֪ŲǹѺ׵ĵطżʹѿҲѷ˸ߵġȫлȥѣø֮ǰͿлҵķ˳ְӸ
ܲûݻǾҪõģôгá¿⣬һὭҲ͸ûˡ
ȻΨһǸϳӳʱӦѲˡ
׼Ⱥ˶úֱڿջĿڴװļԿס¾۳ĿںӼΪԼ֮ˣںӻͦȤʱִһԶԱʣӳӳȥһҹˣһֱûǲǡ
תͷ棬͸ɵĿչˮ￴ĵӰ˵пܡ
Ȼתù˷ڹһյƣȻ̤ŨŨСŶԱһ
ӳȥ
߶ӳ
½
һȥ˶ˣҲ֪ڻʲôȻǲòڵĻǾЩİһתҪ뿪ȴǻŵòС
ͺҪһ
¾յ÷ֽƣվڣſڵǿܳˣҳȥǣúôţ֮ǰ˭ջ
˵;յŨŨ֮УɫӰԽԽԶԽԽģֻл÷ֽɢůůĵɫ⡣
ĳЩ˵һԸ̤ĵطʹǻ̤֮ҲһڻӰɫӰҹɫԽԽС
·ƺһССеʱüһЩʧ
ɫЩһҹڿջ˵һҹû˯ûڿջ˵Ҳһҹû˯
ǵûɢضɡԶ¶˳ʲôӣٽʱ򣬺Ȼȫôһ
ԵʣϽֵ˷·ûм
ǻһ·ϣΧ̫žһ㡣
ӳΧԾǵĻû˵ڣȻ˵ھʮֵĲ
˵ǻȥҲСһ㡭ʲô׼ջҲʲô
½
һôһ˵ľ͵һ
ոΪҪؿջɵԽʮֵĵĿջ
ϾջģһȺˣһӳôǺΣյ
ߵĽŲͲļӿһ㣬ߵĽӳ׵ˡӳȴģΪӳǸرõˣǼе㲻뻪ӳҪѻô
ʱͽȴȻһ΢һ
Ĺ͵¾Բʲôͷ
ǵ͵Ŀ̧ͷ۽ӳӳķ򣬹ϵĳŷߣǽһ仰˵Ų·𶼷ˡ
ӶģһĿǰջôˣ˼ȷʵرķ
ѾĵʱһֺֻȻסĸ첲

ҡ
һºƽĶ
ĴȻֱλҪ棬ȫûԼΪλ
ջû£Ǽֱ˷ܵĿҪ˳
½
ӳȻû£ǾͿ϶ûˣôġӳҲǱŻˣΪһΡطʵйŹ֣ܶ
úðοһ±Ż˵Ļ£ȴڻͷͬʱȻһɫһյȼ÷ֽơ
վĻһ
˰죬Ż㱼һ˽ͻµ̸
ջҲˣ
Уûʲô£Ҷˡ
µͷǣһ۾ͿԴһ飬ǿˣָ̧ࡣ
ô̧һ࣬ǺȻ;еŹ֣ʲô̫Ծ
ܾƺˣӦɻǵͷûͺǱʶڵĻ㲻ȥһ

202 Ҹһ

ǻ˿ջûɢ, ջŴѾغ, Щ˶һ¥Žȥʱ, Щ˻ûѣһԴǽߡ
ջ, һ˸ţһȥ˯⻹һȺС񣬵ھ޴ѹҲģĿʼ˻һ¥ص˰Ѹոս˸þһ¡
ŵʱûŵ, 㱻һӡ
ƹ, Ű˵ڶ˵ϣһ¥ֱǲм, ҲһŵĵطȻ鲻ǵСЩ˸ĸ黨һҲ֪ԺôͶôһ, 㹻ǰЩʵʵˡ
Щ˿ջˣһ߶һ۵
ǸĽϻΪԼΣյҪջҪءһҲǺӣֱҪΣһ㡣
ϾϸԵĺҲֻһȺƯ·С, ǰⶼ浶潣ɱˡǱڻںԺ˸߸һء
ô˵ӦͬʱԽӳͿջ߶˰ĬĬ˼šЩڵϵˣǾЩ, Ϊһʱûλп׳һӰȫŵ
ЩǿѵãЩڵϵ˿Ҳŵٶٵ, ҿǵļƾͲʲôǵġ
ôһԤ, ۾ֲĳǰߵĻ˹ȥ, һֱڻرѡ
˵ŻʲôܵĴи, ӳͻӳһֱûиء
ϵ·ģȻǰһֱŵߵĻµ
Ȼͳڼϵġµôˣ
ĸӣʡ
Ǹһָ¥Ǹ·ܡ
¼ܾذĳſڣʵģһ¥
ȻֻһܣǱСϰ̧ȥġ
һͿˡµγżҲû·
˵·ǡݡ·½֪ģڡݡʱҪϷ·Ͽŵױݡ
˵һž͹
԰е飬ʵǸСɵbug
ʵϰȸ׼ð˵ӣһܹװƵ·֮ߣԤŰ·Ͼ͡ৡƻϲϱ仯ͳôһδԭƻɵ©
·ΪʲôԼΪʲôᴩ·⡣
ֻӲͷƤ˵һ䣬ͦ۵ġҲ֪ôͺȻˡ
Լֵģĳ֮Żľٶ
ϵǣ֮Ȼûй׷⡣
ֻһȻֻ˳ȥȻĵСϰ𣿡
ڣϾһֱûˣջھʣǡµ
ſջڷŵСӿһۣҺǸСӻǹŵģûб򿪹ü
ǲ˵ôһֱû°еֽʣҿһֱֻܳȥˡ
յֽϣǾȻĺһЩ߰ǧٹֵĵ˵ӰöʱԵֶӰյӵڻ
ʵûһʼȥҽǵġģȥԼ£Կ׸ǣǱ߿жһ£ԿС˵е㸺ġ
ȵǱߵ鶼ˣ²Ƶĳȥ˽ǣֻҪջıؾ֮·һ£˰ٷְپ͸ˣȻһջ˶֪
¿ǱߵˣɫЩ԰סʵ֪ͦôġҲˡֿŵӡǸС˧ƻ֮ǰҲûͨǵ׿ʲô
ڰ֮Ķ𣬰ľ˵ʲôǹɵİ˸СʹԡǾͰ쾭´µĽһ飬һһ㶵ġ
Ǹµ¼ܺ̾ëȻ֮⣬ȻҲûκζ̾ͬʱģǶΪԼˡ
˾ŶӵƣջǴǸƵԹ˳ʱ滹ֵĵƹ⣬·ոմһµξû˵Զһûйŵӡ
ֶƯŮˣʱ˿Ѿ°ҹҲκˣǿܾΨˡֵŮǼǵʱɻ὿ЦǴʱ˿ȴѾһ۵鶼ûУǰҹոպڵʱҪʵ
֮ǰòȥһЩƯŮˣھͷ̧ˡ
ʱԽԽѾҪʱˡԼԶһȻϵŮҲ½˽ĳԼȥµĵҲ
һһĵ𽥵ʧ߽ĳһ⣬һֵͦĹ£˵ظиϰߣʱеСҪصظ˺ͻزȥˡȻǸ£ʱ˿ǾȻġ
˳·ǰߣҪ֮ǰȥһεĽֵͷȴھͷһɡĹǹһۺȹһӵƣڲû꣬ȴŹֵĴһѺҶɡվǾͷؿǡ
Ƕͣ£һξǸն
ǰ˺ܶĹǶ˵ˡ
Ѷߵͷ͸׵Ķ󣬽еĵʣҪûص𣿡
ãҲáͷ
ǡÿ춼𣿡
ܾúܾǰˡʵҹľɫҲ
ǡûȥߣǲһ䡣
Ѿϰϰ˰һ
𰸾òƲ̫ϣʵﻹôһ㲻ʱ˵İϲ˵ǲʵҲͦõġ
ȻأȻأǸǸһģǸﳤʲôӣµ۾ʡھȻеͷˣֱիƵģӶǡʲôʲôΪʲôôһ㶼֪
ѽͻȻеڣ֪һȥˣΪʲôǸطԼһҲûȥ
ǸûһԼģǾͳˣûйС˵Ǹﳤáͦÿģǽÿһֻ㣬ǸͦߣģͦǸüͦɫģ⿴žرһˡ
»ûĥ׹ﵽ˭ͺȻһж
æҵĽס򿪿֮һ㶣ʲô
ǸĶ֪ʲôûãԾ˵㡣϶õϡ
ӳôⶫˣĿɿڴӸµģȻһ֬ˮۣڼϿ֡
ھиǸгϹϵĶ޲õҶúɨԼȻֱӰѶ˳ʲôʱĶ֪ŶԣԵǶʱµġ
˵ⶫӳܳʲôϵ
µͷ֬ˮۣ˵á硱سɡʱȴȻʹ˸ɫ
룬ôصĸʲô

203 ǧҪ߱Ѽ

ӳ, 㡭ǽҳ԰ɣЩȷĶԵĽ
ԼĿʹ˸ɫ, ֪ʲô˼ȷԼĵ׶ԲԡǸųˣһͷֽſڵ
ҳȥߡ˵žͳǰ˹ȥ
֡һͷˮĸߣӳǳһ
Ľֵɻ˺٣վ˽˳ֻôһȴǾѾ˲١ڵĽֵ糿ıֱ̫ɰˡ
Ǹ߳˿ջһξ, ˿˵ҰгҪһ£и׼
ʲô£˵ʱͷһ, ˵ʲô£ֵýӳôԶ˵
ֽӳƺڶŻӳĴ, ȻôԶʲôӳƺǿ˺ܾãЩԥĸоǿ˿, ֮ǰ㻪ӳϵǿС𣿡
绹ãһ磬Ǿ˽֮ǰϵС㳯ɨһֱۡԳΪһӵجΡ
ǿ롭ûоʲôԾ
ȣʵӳǿҪĶˣ뻪ӳǸǺڵģĸϵǸƵģȻ˵ĬĬ²ۡ
Ҳɵ, ⻰ͷǽƺҪ䣬ڵλþջҲ̫Զ, Ҳ˽ôԶгΪʲôˡ
Ϊһͨ籨žֱɱڡ
, һҪֵĻŻȥ, ҪԼܰѽ߻ӳʱ
ﲻм룬˲ޱȵĹģȿȣӳ˵ʲôԾأ
ǡ
ʵмҲˡתͷԴǵĵ֪Ϊʲô
ΪʲôˡǼ
иǳĿĵġΪйŹ֣һ㣬Żӳġ
˲ֵĻ￩һ˵᣿ʲôԼȻͱ¶ʲôʱ¶ģ
һ˲ͷĻͣ˽ԶԴϣ˵ԷȻСǿֲ˹
ڻͫ׵ʱһְ˵ǽӳ㡣
ǣ鵽һҾұø࣬΢һˣΪڵΣգĻܻǳʲô˵ҸطվãҲУҺúø˵
ǵĻӳʵһݡ
˵⻰ʱȻޱ飬ղƺǿװ룬ıȴָǵĶ
ʲʲôݣ
ǡ硣

һ˲䣬ƺֶεӽֵϴ
˰ֵĻ²㵱ֹˡ
ԱߵӣһתͷһһĿæ˸ط
վԭسĬ˰죬ƺ̧ͷ죬ƺĬĬط˸ۣҪڷۣ۷Ļͦмɵġ
α飿ܲˬˣҲ֪ǲҲַ۵·Բһ۾ϳڸҸʵҪԼ顣
ǣӳҲǲ㡣ŨŨĳϸ㻪ӳ۾ǿźλãǲǡô
㻹˼˵˼Ұŭ𣬡ΪʲôôϿҵİ仰ô˵
ǣӳƭ˵㲻ôױĺòãǰ˵ʵ²۵ģΪԽе¡ڽϵ˶ֻһ£ǾͲﻪ˵
ûпϵĻӳ𣿡Ǽ·㿴ûѵ²·
˽ķʺȴЩ˵ˡȷʵǼ·е룬Ϊ·ĻرȥǼ·
ҲȻ콭վһտҲ·ǰ˰죬Ǹطûյ¼ܡǸ¼ܰڷŵλȷʵҲ˵㡣
Ա߻и˸Сӣôþֻһǿŵġ
㻪ӳһֱ£ҲżȻ䷢µġ˵̾˿ѵûЩ˶Ǳ˭ûбĸ֣ŵĸʵֻлһ
ǡʶķ
ûʲôǵģȥ֪ˡ
Ϊʲô¸أƺҵһ©
ΪĬһ֪㻪ӳôŵ𣿡
ҡͷ
㻪ӳԸšսʱ͸ҷһţ˵ҲʶܳʱˣҲǡǺѰɡ
ڰ˸λöŵĻ¼ŽĻܾý˵ĻҲе߶µġ˻̫Ȼ֪˽ûвǻ£ڵĻ׼Է滰Ǽٻ
硭㻪ӳʵǸˡԼӦҲܸоˡ
һ㵹ģȻӸղſʼһֱ˵ӳĻ仰ķϣǾȵȵȿҪ˵ʲô
˵ЩҲţ㻪ӳͦ׵ġ㿴ĻҪ׺ܶࡣ
ϴ˵¡ֲܿƵһ»ӳȻý˵ǲܿƵĿʼӳô
ӳ磬ôܿסԼƽԶᰲģ˿κνµģ
㻪ӳӦǺϲطģԲŻô˺ܳʱҪҪ¸ˣһֱûµ˺ģϾҸղ˵ˣǲѡ
ǵ߹΢΢̾˿Ժʲô鶼Ը㻪ӳ˵ķӦγȥѵ㣬İ˵ܳˡԲҪ¸߱ˡ㲻νľͻ֪˵ǶԵġ
˵꣬һĬĬ뿪ֻʣǴվԭء
üͷ˵ˣôǱߵʱȴȻ߳ߵĽʼṦС
£
һⷽ۳žջȥģ˲²ҪýȥڿջôԣͿʼṦˣһǰһ󣬿ʼڴ֮ϴϺ
ȵڻ˿ջѾ촭ˣֱȵѧʱܰ˰ٻ̼ǿа·ϣְȣ˲ŲһӣͿӴĽӡ
죡һһߵһǻ֮һҪ磬һ
һʺŵĿŽһĴַһĴ˳ȥ
ڽҪɶͷԣ˵λ絽ɶ
ղƴغ˵磬ԼҪˣŬ磿
һҲ˽ҲܽģͬĸƵġ
һţͿһ̧ͷƺǶܳЩ⡣
»ŽղŵĻ˰Ҳ벻Լզ硣
˰죬ֻƽʱһЦһ£ôʲôʲôˣܸ˵˵𣿡
ǿŸƽʱһĻ£˸ղŽ˵Ļ
֪ΪʲôͻȻ;еίȻӾеˡ

204 ˮֱ

µǰ, ǵĿʳʲôֻվһ仰Ҳ˵
͸Լһ, еЦ, һ仰˵ĵʲôһҪýûʰ
ҡȻȥˡվǹ˰һ仰Ȼתžͳȥˣͽһ
¾ؿӰ, ĬĬϵˮ˱裬Ҳ̾˿
ǱһӵĻ˵˻ºһ仰˵ˡ
ôһ˲䣬ʵеͷģͷֱʻǲ, ܾԼҶӳԸ˵ֱӸˡ
뷨ʱʱסԼ, ̴˳ֹԼһСʲôɥĲ
һ¥ŵЩòѾˣлΪֵЩ̫ţҲ, ͸Щ˰һ
Դƽʱʵ˻ͻȻ, л֪ô£ͻȻԱˡԱղһ仰Ҳû˵ϣӦ˫ϡʱ˿̵ʲô޴Ĵһ, ƾΧô֨һġ
, 㿴ӦŵһȺΧ߸˵, 챻̫˰ɡ
ܲNɪʱȻͱһ
ԺҾԲҪѧ
Ա˹һɫ·л˵ȱΧˣҪ
ʲôԭ޹лڿе·ʱȻһӾֱӣҲԾ󿿣۾ĿŽһ˿ײľ֡
㡣Ǽ·ڶԷ˦˦·ʶɣ˭ģ
лǼ·⼸һֱֿ־¸ĵסôϣԼֽϿǼٵģЩҲһֱȰ˵Լ쿴·֮ج˲ָ˳
֪·˭Ǹ˵ģҲ֪ΪʲôҪôֻ쿴ǸŵСͷ·ʱӣͷŶһִ̹ǵĺ⡣
ֻΪһԭ򡪡
Ϊʲô˻ôƣ
û˿ϵλҲرˣΪʲôڴ·󼸺ֱ治
һ㶼ѧлÿο¾Լƽ۸ĳȻٻһĻ棬Աȣÿζһ亹
ǸͷƽＸκοµģ촩·һɲǣлֻһ뷨
ӣӵԽԶԽãӵԶҪǰ֡
ܹ˴·ˡ

СйϰѽˣתĴֵܵôģͬ־һӾϣһڵþ˵ӣСצϰ˺һ
ԲһֻСƼĻСּˡ
ΪԵʣøëޣÿοʱڲôһԲ徿ôġ
СƼŲߣְЩ𿪣Ǻһ鱨·漸ÿһݶдšۣÿһ涼дС֡
¿Щʱ䣬ȫģʱõһҲ϶ѡ
϶Ƿʲô£Ȼ鱨˵׳ۡ꣬Ǯֲ𣿻Ժвľͳ⼸ƵجεǸ롣
һѽһ
⼸ּ˵ʵһ£һŵġ
һŹԱЩ˵ǽݱˡ
ˮֱŸˣ䲻ôһϢʱ˻һµģ˵Ǳ䵽ȫ򣬺ˮǱûаëǮϵ˵˫Ҳͬһʱվڵͬ£һǼģһ۲ġֿڲŵͬһ˸˵Ĵӵĸо
γ־ȻôǴ갥۳ζˣôֱӰ˼Ҹˣ
һ̾һn1εĸпԼҺӳ硣ڻڲµǳŴħչģĳЩ˲ǴħǱԼҪçˡ뻪ǾԲػϼŵġ
Ȼ²֪ػɳô˵Ҳػԥһʱߣ˵
θյеĪ¾Լ֮ûϹ˸յʱ򣬶ж֮ǰڲĻҲάȫԶԶڳֵġ
ŵͻȻû鱻ƵĸоǷʲôŲò֡ȻֻǻµһʱֱεĶ˵ˡ
¿ˮαϢʵ˵ҲֻǹпˮʵôǿĲ²͸αģ˵䲻ģˮ־ȻڴʱŸˣǻ¾ǻ˼һʱ䶼Ų
жĴˡ
ʢ
մˣ
µʢſرɧע⵽һϸڣжнŮڡ
ǿεĿеϵ
ˮָվͬ֯Իеۻ˼鱨Ψһʾֻһˮֱ֮һЩӳˣЩвˮֵһЩ߲㡣ɢӵ˸ֵطһֱԼھӻܲһ¡
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˵⻰ĹºԼ¥һŵƵġ¥£Ѿȥ֪ͨصˡ
ȻǸСӣǵŻǺܺõģֱӰ˶Щܹ֪ͨҲû˿
һˮ˵·ߣػӳϱĸܣһֿܻܵٲø
ݰٲøֻôһ׵Ĵ֪⼸ɼ׵ȥﱣһ򣬲Ȼ׼ֱץȥ˼βˡ
ȻһССĿܡ
Ǿˮеĳһӳһ·£պע⵽ȫССֱӣһ벻ʹӿɾʹˡ
߽ûأתȺҵģվǽ˵ȫܵĴУ˼Ҳţֻһһˡ
³¥ߣպÿһٱĥĸ޿ллͷǶƭùģ߰ɣڻ߾Ϳ߰ɣ߲ˡ
⻰ԱߵĽֱüֱһţΪôûϢأΪһֽų
ֽ³ãȻһ䡣
û¡ĬһᣬȻ£⼸ʱĻԶһ𣿡

205 ƺȾ(

ջĵСϰ嶼ʧ, ʣ˲òԼԼʰӡ(ÿõĸ)һҹ֮Ȼ͡ࡱ˸ôӵ˵ȷʵǸʮ
ʵڶΧҵҲճ˵ģ̫, ԿƽʱҪ˺óʱ䡣
ڶ컹ŵɵ, ȥ˼ʣΪʲô, Ȼ˼һƵЦݸȰ˳
ȥʵɵӽһĻҲûУֻǾؿȥһֱ˼ôΪ⡣
Щô֣֮ǰʱһ㻹ˡ¿۶Դ˻Ȼ֪ĬĬ̾˿, ʵ˵ڶûǸʲô·ĿǰҲֻܸķԸȥ
ӳ, ҪȥǿεĻվ, ʶҲվ, µȥߣɢɢġ
ʵֻǰսķԸȥһȦѡ
ǿżŵĻ£æ, ӳҲȥȻһߵĽͳš
һǰһڴϣ·͵͵ԼһôԼ, Ļﻹǻôһġ
Ϊչ, Ҳ͵͵ЩŲֵЩ˿Щ, ΪʲôЩ˴󲿷ǻˣǲ֪ĳࡣ
ǰֻյϢ˵úõĴŶѣȻ˵ջǱ۷ʲô¶ҪžѾ˸ȷϵĲݸˡ
붼ö֪ڿʲô޷ǾǡزˣҪˡ찡Ҫˡȵȡ
һҹȥԭΪᱻѪϴһյĿջȻû൱İһ֮⣬ҲûбĶ
ΧסҲȽϺõģջѹһеȻǻ£ῴЩ֡
һ˿ǸˣΪǾԻôС()˵ǾԲ᲻ġһȺ˿µ񡭡Щ΢
¾˵ǻˣȻ˵ԼԩĻɫԲһ·ˡ
ҲôһЩ˲³ǻɹȥڻңһܱרһڻȥ̽Ŀջ˾͸ӱ⡣
Ȼû취ֱЩе׼ȷҲʶϴʱ˿кܶ˶͵£ܸоһâڱĸо˫۾Ŀ̽ɵġ
ǸоΧһǿҵĲ͹죬ֹ߹һ·ǰǸҹһš
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ȷԼעӱ֮ǸСƵİĿƵǵϣĺˡ
֪֪϶֪֪ôߵô򶨣ǺȻԼߵĻǡˣȻߵȥˮһ񾭡
¾ͶӳȥһȦﵽ˽ֵľͷȻתͷ˵ûʲôֵģǾ߰ɡ

һ£ûֵˣֵֶòã
ŭΪʲô˵Ϲ˵ô˳
ڶ㲻˵ĵ滰ǼٻˣԼǾϵɱ״Ƿ죬ǿŻķӦʼǲʲô
ȻӳǸ׵ӡ룬׼ȥнӳٳһˣôˣȴȻֵĶ˼ˡ
Ǽ˻λƵģƺ忴̫Эÿϴζǲüͷ
һ֡ŨŨѪζ÷ζѪζѾڱˣ⼸˵Ĺʹ˶ɢһɿַĸо
ǿ⼸˵ĵһӦߵĻ£Զһ㣬Ҫˡۻǲ磬ǵĵһӦƺԶǻŶԷ
һƺͬ
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Ƿ֡ӳƺʶǡ
ڿЩϳѪζʱȻŲͣһ£Ȼƺ΢΢һ룬ǸȺܹ죬Ŀлڻϵı顣
ǻûȿ飬ӳѾʶĶǸоԼǸϤϢͷһνļܶ
ֹһεѻӳԼƺͬҲǵһΣڻӳԼʱĻ˵Ĳ
ӳôʶǣ
ڿջסЩӳûʲôˣǻ֪ġȻΪӳ£ͻȻôµķǻ˿ջĸ
˵ʵһͷڵı飬ֱǲܵġ
ȵǵԺʶһʱǼ˾ѾߵĺԶԶˣڸղһ̣ǿ۽ǵĺ㣬Ƿļûһǵӡ
ǺͦΣյġһϤıҪҪȥһ£
ƺ΢΢ĿĽ˵㣬ǺȻԼӺƬĺëըˣһɴҹµĸоϮ͵ҡͷ̫ΣˣǻȥϢ߽ӳͺˡ
תͷʱ򣬻ӳվ󣬱ʮֵƽһÿһΡǰĻӳ˰ĵĴڣΪÿֻҪȥı飬ٿӳʱԼЩƲסȥ˼һЩֲˡ
ңȻؿջˣȻôһɤӣȻͷܣֵܵϿֵĴǶһ㶣԰ѻ¸ˣûһԭء
վԭأһûӰǣԼıӵˣȾĿ˸˰

һ̵Ľ˿ջȻһٿ񴭣˰˸ղſǼˡ
ǼϴĲڻϿ·Ϊʵ̫ޱ߷ˡǵĸоϸ롭Ҳ̫ˡ
ǵ칦ܻʲôģֻϹǹ죬ķƺĳǿ֢ѭĳ˵ģʽȻҹڹֵĹǣȻҲ̫Ȼ濪Ŀջϰ塣
ղǼ˲ܹͬԵĴǵϸܵһָĸо˵ζ
⼸˿϶ϵˣߡ
Ϊʲô
Ƶ˳ŽֵһĶӵӣһ߸пԼķղûסЦһֻǾԤ϶ѣ컹ֹȺǧǾˡ
ⲻû
ûȥºúõĸ˵˵и׼ΪȺ֮󻨴ڲҲԱԼΪ²Ⱥǳʲôˡ
ôҪúõɣһ£ڽ£֪Ⱥ˾Ǹڸոձܵˮֵˡ

206 źŵ

ȫǼӵݹ˰ʱͱ˳, ǶʲôС
ܹŵİΧ»ų˾Ѿܲ, ټػʵɱ˺ܶ˲ӳ, ǵΣʵͦߡ
һ΢һĴүˮֶѾ˿ʮˡ׻˵ԽԽ, ڷ˵ܾԽԽ衣
ݻ֪, ͵һ̶Ⱥ֧ǲΨһ֧ǵ, ˵ʹķһһĿֲ
û΢΢Щ, ԼǲҪԮ, ˵ĿǰڻֵǸС˧硭
¾õڻϽ̾ӦþǶԷġǰһֱ֪λС˧, ܹڷƼĵطϴ󣬵ҲûĲοڿȻܰѽסɼһˡ
ǻ󼱴ҴҵģûҿһۡҲû˵, ֻǾؿŶԷ뿪
ӳǼҴҵȥ˽, ڽϡ˼ֵˡ
ŶôˣƺҲûκγϵ˼, µǼ˵
ǾͰǼɱķ˵˳, ˵һ»¿ʱֵ̬, ˵˾Լеɻ飬Щ˿̫ϵˡ
ˣ֪, ú¡˰־ͰǸ䰲οĻû˵
ʱǾὭһ, ɶ, ɶҲ˵
Ȼʱȷʵǿĺ, ܻĻţΪ˽⽭ʲôЩʲô
ͻȫͬķ񣬵˵ķ˾òġΪ̫ȵˣ˾ӦġΪ̫Ʈˣ˵ƮƮžͻǳ
ȥ˻һΣûԼȻ֪ʦġ˵Ҿƭƭ磬ûɾŻ
ŻôҾء˵
ƽʱľĻˣһŵҲˣԺһôƭˣֱ׳˵
£
˰޳ܵļһô˰
Ǽ˵ȫ򡱵ķӷǳĸȤƺ̽һǴġþ˻µ»һȥؾˣĻǿջ߻еĳһȥʱ򣬻¾ڿջúõĿҡ
΢΢еţΪķӿ϶˺ˮֵķӻ¾ͲˡܵĽ᲻С⵽ǵĶ֣Ի˼ȥǡ
ôȥˣһʼҲһ·Щ뿪ĻǺԶ¼СĵǼӵתһȦ֮ɫȻͱúܲƺǷʲôڼ顣
ûµҲžһ¡ıҲʶǼӵӣδػ˵ǻϹ׽
롭ҪҪΪǿȰ⼸Ӹɵ
ȻıԤʾ⼸˿ܻ£ǻ硭ܹ֮ǰǸԶһ㡣

ŵ΢΢Ѫ⣬ԿǸǳɱ˷Ż졣
ǽеʧߣΪĻӳŵˣ˯ĲǺܰȡĽӳҲЩһ̬ĴڿջջǿĴ΢һЩ
ܽڿջľٶʵҲ˵ϵԽԽֹˡ
ӳͻӳ֮便ʲôҲǺĿŽͻһط̸˰Ļ֮С嵽˵ʲôȴȻ֮ǰ˵ǸǲôϤѡ¡
˯˯žͺȻֲʣûʲôԭ򣬾ǽֵ̫ˣְ͸ǻصջʱĸоһһ˶ûУһ
˯˯ʵ˯ţɴҪȥڷ䣬Ҹ˶ĵط˯һźȻ¹»¾վ
վڴǰ棬ĿŴ⣬ƽʱЩ룬ֲĸо
ӳô˯𣿡ʡͷһ۵˯һᣬڻ
ҹµϲû¶ƽʮϤ΢Цɫ¹ʱǷֻµʵֺº͵͡ʹһζʮĸоٸ˵ĸоʮְֵġֵǣڴ֮ǰȴƺûзֹһ㡣
ԼЩΣɭƽյ΢Ц֮£һ޷Ƶĺ¡ǸĵˣԲŻһֱŽǰ֪ܺ¿ܵġݡԾĿʼԻ²˽ģʹ˵ӦûʲôģǻǿƲסȥܻʲôŵк顣
ʵܵĿջˣԲŻҹĲ˯վڵģͬʱҲǱ߼ˮֵķӻͶ·֮ӵ
桰ԡûаܲܰЩȫԳɹ
ЩȻһ䶼ܸǣֻ˵ôһɣҲĿӦúܳ˵ϺȻԶ׼¶ĺɡ
Բǣʵǡʱ಻ɶõˡ
ûɶĵ˸ǸǳĬһᣬƺԻ˵ʲôûܿڡҪ˵ڵһ˲䣬Ȼըһ̻̻λø˴һء
µ˲;
ȸ˵ˣһҪСǱȴڸոշźŵܹŷźŵҲ˵һ¡ǱߵѾصƲסˣҲû뵽صֵز
ûм˵ʲôžͳŷ̻ĵط˹ȥĿŻµӰʧ˵ĻһӾͱ˻ȥ
ʵųȥһ˲仪²ûע⵽ֹı飬ֻҲûǸ˼ȥչ˴ˣҪиôǵͬһƥֵҰһǱ߷ɱ˹ȥ
վԭأ˼룬Ǽʱ·϶ȹĺڵӰ·Ѿһ񣬵Ǽ֮ͻȻ̧ͷ¥Ͻ˹ȥ
׼ŵһ˲䣬žͱ˴ˣ˳˯ûѡ·ǼҴҵ˵ӳղšҿˣӳأ
ӳղųȥˡ˰øϽ׷
ӳȥˣԭԾԾԵҪ׷ȥģһô˵ͳĬУջһˣҳȥ˿ջ˶ˡ
Ҫ׷ȥǼᶨ˵׷ȥӳ
Ҫ׷ȥıеŹ֣ͬ飬Ƴ˵㻪ӳṦʮ㶼ϲϡ
˵һͲ˵ˣΪǵı飬ҲûҼ˵̫Ķֻ̼ǳĬһµҪȥĻǾͰǸϡ
סˡ
˷䣬ӣȻ˳һƬȱһɵůɫ
һյССģ΢Ķӵơ
յƵݸǣء
úˣǧˡ˵ͻزˡ

¸ϵһ֮ĵطʮֵĽţȻҲڷΪλᷢźŵˡ
ΪʲôءЩᡣ
顭ǼˮֵҲͽ
ȥʱ򣬳Ȼͳ֮ƣһߣˮֵһߣ˱վһϵӦǡڶеˡ
ҲرܴǼӻҪܴ򣬻¶ˡ
˵ˮǸ©жٸ֯Ӱ
սԻЩ£Ƕ㲻ôͻȻˮģڸٵĹ˺Ȼˮ˼ԣ͸˳ˮҲЩɵۣԼҲûʲôģǾô
źŵʵò׼ŷŵģ±һӻ𣬾ôҲҪźŵֱֵµĸ˴չ˵˾仰֪ԭ
ǸСڻµĶߵ˸ղһСóĽġ

207 

һֱһЩȽϴ֯ͻ, , 罭ôɡ#С@˵бȽʵһ֡
, ̩ɽɽ, ɽɽ, ɽϸкܴģκ綼ϲǷһ˵ԼҲϲһ¡
µ˵ʱ򣬻ҲûڵһʱϸʾĸɽͷɼĽǺܳɹģɵҲûͷ, ̷źŵ¾͵ÿ⼸λ˵ĸɵˡ
¸ոոϹʱûнȺΧʱȻҲû˿ıܿǼˣûʶԼͻʲôϵ
Ҳûʲô, ȻҪֿ, ֵⷽĺ, ԾĽ𴩵ķսһ㡣
ʵеҲʶû˿αװĻµģղŸǸҲû¸ˣЩ, ǰͻȻ˸İˡ
İҲ֪ĸϵ, ǳеϵȻͷֳˡɡ, һͷ, ˶, ֪ôˡ
ΧĻע⵽˻£ģҲʼע⵽лռͷģһע⵽ǻϾ˶ע⵽ˡ
ĺͼˮֵһ̧ͷͿһվȺ֮⡣ı鿴ûʲôŵĸоֻվȺ֮⣬ؿ
ЩڲͬģȻȺ˵۾ҲȺ˵ԭҿǵģΪӦǺĿǰڳ()һģҲʶҲһţȻҲͲ
ʵʱ˿Ҳôһ˿Ź֡Ȼ˻ȫδԭҲôһϲŭ޳ˣǲϡ档ֻεĵҲ˵ӦǺȫĳЩйء
еϡˣΪ˿ῼ˵ӡ
ῴµʱ򣬲ٻ˶һ£Ҳ˵ΪɶͺȻǰеĸϵּƵĵط䲻һͬһģģٺʼֱǰ˰һģͻȻֿôһģһģܲû˾ľ
Ϊʲôϵ˾ûһ˻ɹ¾ǻأΪСͲôеˡֻȫ벻澿ʲôҪôһ֡
ǿʵǸͦ߰ˣʲôĶϲȻЦŵģǸ̫Ƶˡ֪Ϊʲôǻ˾ʵ±ĸһĻҲӦ治ôһֵġ
ֿǼˮֵˣݲע⵽ǣΪոճֵһ̣и˵ϳһֿϲɫֿϲڸǲסģƺ˻£ϣһ
ʵĲʶ˭
ҼʹʶҲûԼĸöԷ¶ı顭ٲСѧͽĪҲĳѣŽһ֣
ҲԾ˭֪һٲõСѧͽӦûûǸ°˾ȳ
ڻ˲²ϴ֮ƵĵʲôˣΪ˸ӽţԼãʱһ󺰴
˼ʱ򣬺ȻոտԼɫϲ˴磡
һ˲䣬еպȻˡ
ָоͺһƽˮ˸㡣һ
ߵ˾ˣ˾ˣˮֳ˺ֵǸ֮ҲˣĻһ
ԶԶĵں棬ʱ˿̲Ÿոոûȵǡ

Ҳһ£Ҳû뵽ԷϳľȻݡȻⶫеҡʵǺҡ
ʱԼúú÷һԼɶԼڱﵽɶ
ڳ𾪵ҲûеģǿǾײβͿԿóͣڽˢڸлеôģȻᶼûʶ˭
ڵֵŻûϱôŵĵزѾͦʱ䶼ûˣǸеһбڡ
Χ˿žͨ˿ǵĸо
Ŀǰڽϵָоžƽʱ෹û̸һ̸ʱʱµָָۣһ£ȵվǰʱ򣬻̲סȥҪǩ()֮İɡ
ʱ룬ԭڽϺȻʧΪطʲôģҲ
ԻõĸоԭǰϴЩ֮ƵľǴ˵е磿
ˡܾð˸ӴŰ
¿Ǹһ˷ܵˣ֪ԷϳĴɲǵԼڴԽˡ
ϳĵľûһ
ȻµĲϣԺ˲仹һԼ̫ȷĿܡĪǡ¥ģ
¥ɱΪλĵľû»Ϊʲôˮ֣
ֵúú˵˵ˡ
ŵĲ²֮໹ٸˮֵ
֣جģѡҪûˡ
Աʹ˵仰Ȼ⻰˵ô˵Ц
ҳȥǸˮֶе˶ŻºиҾȳȥҾ͸ģ
˸ոֵʱҲֳһ㾪ȣһ˵Ļһһ˿ˬôôλֳ죬°ԼӣҲʵϲ˭
Цһôܱ֪
ʵ֪ǸɶѼ˳ŶԷ˵ѣĿĺȷΪ׻
϶Ҳ֪ģ㲻֪ĻǸ˶Żº
ǸողŸϹģҲ˺Ļ˿еġ뵽֮ǰ˵ġơһ˵ֻϢ޴Ļûոָĳ
ĿӳӦѾԼƺǳź濴һۣһۺ¶ȣֻһۣǺȻؿ־;֮С
ΪܾûԶĿȥģʹ硣
ԼƽʱԲõǸ¥ʻͬʱ͵͵˻ߵĸˣȲҪߵĸ˲˵ȻҲûж
л˸ӰΪȺݹŹֵǹ˼ֲûгֵġ
Уʱ˿̵Ļ۽ǿźɫͷһεųʺɫͷ·һֻ۾Ķ
ǲܿƵ룬ӳΪʲôǸǸ˵һΪǸ
֪䣬ֻһҪ󡣡Ǹ˵Ҿȳȥ
˶ԷҪƺǶǳĸȤǵԡ

ױ

ǻ˯˺ܾò˹
Լһ, ɫĲ, ֽţһ
İʮֵļ, ˵Ϊúܾˣİ輸, ۿɼֻһƵ, һƾɵӡ
ãȻһ, ԼȻԼȥ֮ǰĶԾͺȻһһĻĻ
ǰ赭дƺЩвֵһᡣǿİһ˵ĸо
ǵʱֻɵ㶵ŵ￴ţֱڴ, ʶǰжôĿ¡
ǳһǿ󣬻һֶ, һණȫȻĮӡ
˵, ǵܲһˡͬһȴڶ̶̵ھͱϲģ
ʹ˺֮, ɷǳ, ֮ϡǴҲҲϤӰ, ֻ뷽跨ĴĵطסԼ
ս֮Уһȴڿеĵ, ȫƹֳر׳ۡҲǸʱ⵽˽յΪʲôЩ˲˲ĵ
ϡǵڲϵ֮󣬱ΧĵǼ˶עͶǵϣʱʵ̫ˣʵǺܿʲô֪ŵܵģûȴȻеһʹ
˭ڵʱ
˺ܶ࣬ʵиʮֲȥ˼Ĵ𰸡
ʱЩ֮Сֻ
ڳ֮յôģҲֻ硣
˺ܳܳʱ䣬ƺԽԽԱաȻǽǣ֪ʲôʱ˯ȥˡ
һƬʹڶںδҲ
Լܻ˶೤ʱˡ
ڵǸоԼʶԽԽԶƺԼҲԽԽС

ͬһطһһ˴ӻ˯˹ĵһʱǳԱ߿ֻۣһˣһѾˡ
ϵ档߲֪ʲôʱѾȥˣӦʲôαװûС΢΢̾˿Լᱻϳ룬ƺԼҲûֹ೤ʱ䣬һĸо
Ȼһ룬ǰȻһ۵Ĺ⣬͵ıս˫ۡ
ڵͻĹâҪϹˡ
۵Ĺâգգ۾ˮģģĿǰŵһˡΪΧһƬڣΨŹǸ˿ĪеׯϸС
ʹǸϴһһһɫĺɫ·
·һ룬ʵ˵ĴûôΪɫ·ʵ̫ˣŮ˶ٻᴩ˵ˡ
ԼⱲӿֻһϴôһ·
Ǹ˵ͷϻһշ
ϸܵڵǰı֮϶ͷ֮´ŰߣĲ¶ŵģЦЦĴϴһ˿Ѫɫʡ
ǰѪβƺĳëʱضҪչ߷ɣȻϸϸ۾ܳģһֱ쵽¶˵Ѫĳۡ
ǺʹߵӱΪء
һߣǳڲ԰׵ϣȴ˵Ѫ
˵ȷʵЦŵġ
ЦĻܺÿ

˶ɵˣԼӦΣǿʲôþǲôѡ
ǰ˾ξһòʵΪʵкͲˡ
˼ˣͺȻ̧ͷϵ߽һΪոЩ΢ͷģûпߵӣǺȻôһߣȷʵе㱻ŵ˵ġ
ΧģǰֺȻôһˡЩһˣǸʱʹҲûʲô·ĶŶԷ
ǰ˵ԽԽֲЭĸоϰšڿ޵ģ°ЦģƿЦϲϲ
ôһʵأ
ϰģľͷƳɣɰյôֵù°Ļɫ㣿
°ģΪȴʺѪ۲£
ԾԼԴտյġ
ǰȴƺû̫ı顣Ǹܶأƺǳصˡ
ԴûпӵʵˣȴĲ²⵽ʲô˲ӵʡ
¾ǡĿǰһֱѰҵһˡ
𰸾ߣǴʱ˿˵Ϊ˵³ܾ
ʲôǹҪһֻƣֻҪѳһСĵطǻɱֻӾǡơ
置Թֻ˵óƣΪ置߳ࡣ˭ùĶ
ڶĶűɸѡ
ȶ߶滹ҪпģӦˡ
ǳɱŰʱĶͻԽԽֱĹƣˡ
֮ǰûпġҲֻǴʦĿϼӦú٣ЩƽʱӰһĲҲǵټҲδһˣΪÿǶһ޶ġ
ȻԴʱ˿̲Ҫˣ⸽ֻһ˵¡
ãܾԼˡ
ڲҶ˵һ仰Լʵе¡ǱǸˮֵǼ˹ģΪʲôҪǹأΪǽеļ֪ˮֵġˡƴ׷ŶԷһֱ׷Ȼ￴һµĹ
ˮֵЩӦö֪ĴڣΪǰ˸ǾͲһ·ˡȻеȫͬƽ˵һŭûС
ͺʲôһ
ԱĿһ˵ӾֶˣԼڱ˼ʲôķʽĥΪ˳֡
ǰܳʱ䣬ȴһֱû֣ʱ˿̣ȴȻӵ洫һЩ
ǱһССǸߵӵſڴǱϵģ˾վŵĺ棬Ӧ˵
ǸŵСĲȥ𣿡
ǡһ˵ЦһǸܺԵĶﲢ
ԺһǸ˵֣硣
һ֮ǰܸȤˡ
ƺйǸŵСӵ飬СһܴƬһŵվ۾ȴһֱĶ硣
ǰʶ
ǰ֣Եоֵһ
˵ҲɱֻǸһ𣬾
лҪ˵ֺôѰ
ͷŶ=أ=



ƺﻹһռ, ԿʼԼĪĳң
ֿԺܴ, ģôҵǳ, ôֲ硣
ԶǰĹ絹ûʲôɣŲԼȻ, ôҿҲЩŵ, ˵ʲôĲʻ, 
Ǹһֱﲻ˵ֻǾţԵȻ˵, Щ˵ʲôˣôɵ
˾ڶܹ죬Եϣôһֱȥ¹ŲΪʲô, ֻҪΪͺá
绹ں˵, ̸ݲ֪һһԭֻǵΪĲҶижɽ, Ҫ˷ֵһע, ôһͺȻüͷ
֮⻹б, ˵ϤЩ׷ٵˮֵ֮һȻ;ͻȻѱˣ֮ǰûв³Է˭, ǴʱһˡԷӦ¥ġ
ͶԷ˼棬ɡɵȴôġܰ˵ʮֵĲ̵̣˺ֲʵĸо
磬֮¥ﻹǼįءǸ¥ļЦ¥ɱˣ˳µĳΪ¥Ϊʲô¥أ
¥ﲢûʲô˼һ˵ļ񣬡ķҪ˵ĻΨһЩľֻȺӡ˰ɡ
û뵽Ǹ¥ɱЦˣ֮ǰȺǶ˵ȻỳǸ
ҪµĹֵʱһ㣬ʹֵ磬Ҳ⡣¥ڵĺô
Ǻǡ¥ǸɱֵЦЦ˭֮ǰЩȫأĺӶȲ֮ǰϸѡģֻûͷûԵɱһǰиͻȻѳ֮˶ɱˡ
ʣµǸأ
Ȼ¥˿ǸӣǾʲУְ׹棬׹۴ſҲǺ˳ۣͰҲɱˡεһʮһҲûʣ¥ɱֵУֲ˶ôɫһʮܻıûмһûУҲϡ档
һʮӣ̶̼µʱɥ
¥˹ơһַʽǻ޹¶Ӥ͵С¥ȵһͣͻǻɱ˲ŻΪ¥ɱ֡
ǸʱǾѾһ֪³Ϊ¥һ֡
ǴûôĺҲǱ˵ĸΣȺɱƴĶȡһ˿ᣬȴֽǵ׵Ĩɱ
¥ɱֵʽÿһɱֵֶģȻҲ⡣
Զ˻͸¶赭дĲ̸о˲ʣͶ¥ɱûʲôøУ˵ƺͨ޽Ǻӵ조˹ơԴ˵Ķо͸ˡ
Ȼıֲʱ¶ΪǰҲ֪ʲôһġܳΪûһɵģ
˿ǰȻĸطģ϶¥ġȻ¥ɱ־޼ɵЩ£Ĳһҡ
˵Իһ뷨֪ԼΣ֮Сȥʱ̫磬ʲô½¥ǸɱӳǸط
ȻȴԼӳȥٶǰ˵ļƻУ۾¡
һľ
˵Ŀʲôô£ӦòΪǽǰɣ
Ŀǰǰ˻ľֻǽǣԽԽǵĻԽԽϵĺɫҲԽԽԣ֮⣬û˿
ȫ㲻ǰĹҪʲôǸ˼·ȥֵˣԾԼƺκͨ˼·ȥ˼ΪͨĹǾԲҸ͵͵˵ʲôҲԲӣᰲĺһҡ
ǰ綼ֲˣҲӴ磬ʱǸеˣһӳ¥ûǷߵˣ׶Էֻǻ֮ƣĵĶоͲܿƵð˳
ǸһһǿšŮһϵļƤƲסһð
ԸҺͷܹӰ쵽ÿһˡ
һֺܹŹֵ
֪Լǵһȴ־ĪϤĵǸʶֵͶĶ·ǧٴһȷϣԼĵһ
ȻڡԺкѾճźǸ˵ӡ
ǲͷҵģëһĲŸΣϻźܶ߰Ķ
ϴһֳֺ޵·䲻һһ֮úķ۵ԼŮˣһһжһֶĵıŤС
ϤԸԴű˷ʩ֮˵ɱ˵£ֲֳ̣
ճԼһ
ǵԼӦҲûʲôƵˡԣǼġ
ڻɽҲɣʱҲῴôô˵ĸоͲǺ
⡭ҲԺôԵʣϾҲûЩǹĽӴ
ԺľôĸһˣϤֲϤģ
ʵ˵ڴҲ࣬ԾʹûһǹΪȫȫͬˡ
Ĳ֪ΪͻȻûʲôĸпһ¡
ǸԸֿ̱ദȻáԼϲŭ޳Ĺһˡ
Ȼ

ȻʹһģظڶʱгһպȻˣʱͻȱʧʲô
ȵͻȻֳԼʱͻԴʱ˿һĸܡ
ϸĹ۲Ե۾ᷢ˫Ѿʧ˽ࡣӦҲʵĳ˶˵ϡ
˵ǻµϡ
ΪԷ޶ԣʮֵ񣬵ԷȻһʧ˿ǻû뵽ġιһھǰôɾ軹
ʵڶ֪ʲôԴ90湣츳ȻȻľ˵ˡȻڵҲֻ²ۣ֮ʲôɲˡ
Զ׼ֱȨˣʱֻܸһؿţһе硣Ȼ¶ԴǺϲּġ
᲻ֿԣǸʱԼǲҪһʲôģͺȻԼˣôɱء
Ķʵµϵġ

֮һ¥óģ±ģ˰ϱӣԼ˻Żᴩ·
¾Ŀһ˴Լϲ·ԼϲױԼǴⱲӻ¾ӡ
˵е飬ȻģǻºûôʹϲϲӣֻΪûԹԾôˡ
á绹ǸϲԼӵģӸÿһ㣬ϾǸԵС١Сٿܸϲһ㣬Լôôһ㣬޾һ㡣
ȴױһֱһ仰Ҳ˵
Ȼصȴ

ʵ

̹׵˵, Ժͻ֮ʵûʲôԹ, ûļ䣬ʶûԵķ, ҲһʲôҪȰԸ
ȻĿǰƻʮȶģǻºܺԻ᲻С˵ʲô, һҪ˵ʲô, Ǻǻ²ˡ
Բ֪ʲôԭ˾, ûҲһ۾Ϳġ¾뵽ʲôֻݾͲǻ¿Բ͸ˡ
ͼȥ档
ѵˣ
Ǹ¹ڵľٶͿ͸˰ɡ
ȵȣ˵ʲô˭ܸһ£Щ΢ãȻ
²ûڵһʱͰǼ˸ɱҲΪ, ԼбҪЩ˵Ŀ΢׳һЩǸôһ£ֶ֪Щʲô
µ, Ҳܹĳ, Ϣкܴһֲȫġ
Ҳ˵ϱ˹ĳϢ, һ޷Ҳֻ¥
ܳɹ¥¥ǵһ, ϢԴһٵ, ͣĸһЩĶû뵽˺ڿ͵۹
ܹһ˵Ūʵĺڿ͵۹˵Ǹ˲гҰ, ֮ƵĿʵ
ģϱ绹һֲƬﰡ
¸ոոпһ£ȴԼҲûѳֲƬϱӵ粻Ⱳӵ𣿲ͬԤ֪Ǹǣϧһκʱȴһ֪ڲŲ߾Ȼ˵Σա
Ϊ˴ʱһ˫۾ڰй۲һһİǶĿľǲ˲¾ǻ档
Խ֮ǰҲûٿļǶˡڴԽܾ֮˵ʲô˵ҰģʵڵĿľΪ˵߸/Ϊֵһ/ıλ/ʹķɡ
һ˵ﲻ𡭡ǰڣǸʲô·֮һһ¶ӲԤϡ
һľȻƻĺµͷ˲иûѵĽɡ
һġʲô㵽˵ĹţǱǿнǣܰ֡
񽭺ûи˾ͲһĽǰΪܰ˵ģԲûô߰Ķʶȫô£ֻǵԼ֮ǰ𲻹Ըʶ˵Ĵڡ
һ֮а£¿ԶҲֱᷢ֡ЩĻҪֲϰٱ
ǻʶԼǱ˸ˣϱӿɵĵȷȷôĪģһ˸ı֯ξС
³çܳ嶯ѺȺ˵
룬һеǸĻָҳԽԽᶨĻ뵽˵ûʶһ㣬ܻ֮ǰһÿĿĵģһʶԼվ±ߵһһٶ

û˿Ҳ˿ע´ʱ˿ĵʲôĿǰĵصҲһֱſڵԡ
һͽıˣȥӦǸɱ𽥵Զ
ֱʱŻȻðһ亹ΪŷԼȻһǰǸʱĴ
ô֣ѵǹ
ͷ͵͵Ĵһǰˡ
ȻˣΪö˵ơ˵ǹ̫š
ûвģһԣԽĹԽ񲡣ΪվͳӲһ˼⣬߻ħľǰٻᱻһЩӡĳЩöĳӣҪĹƣҪһЩֽһ
ǹһɱ˲ٵˡ
˾˭Ŀʲôʲô
ǸƯ𣿡Ժ˼ʱǸ˾Ȼ˵ˡôһ仰Ե˲͹˰١
ԱԷȻôһɤӲˣҲó˵ɤ൱
˵ʵסǴĪģ˵ŮˣҲ̫ͳһ㡣˵ˣתַ·ֻŮ˲ܷ
ղһֲַŮͱȸո̶ּǿˡ
Ǹ̶ֻס䣬ȴһëһͷΪ̫ˣ˲ԾŶԷܹһοڡ
ʶԼ뷨ԱԼһԼǲǸողСʲôġⶫħﵹвѧģ˵Ů˾Ӷ࡭ǿǰ˵Ҳ̫ѧʲôģħһЩ⹦Ҳжš
˼ת̧ͷˣȴֻǵĳ°ͿƺڵشոյǸ⡣ʱָһִһĺӣһĵ֪ĳĴ𰸣ΪڹԹԵĵš
ԲʲôĺӣҲʲôĶɵӡ
챻·ƵĹˡ
ҪңܲʹһҪɱҪϤ㣬ǲҪҰ
ʵĶʲô⣡˶ǸƯİɣΪʲôҪ⣿
֮УԺȻ˸˼·ǲֻڵĪĶȤζĳЩںֻƾȤЩˡ
ˡҲûУÿһӦöǴԷǳǵˡ
ҲɳĴӣ֪ܶĻҲЩµ¼пֻĳ˵һ仰µġȻÿĪ˷ܣ˵
ǶܽӴĶǵôһǰҲ㹻Щĳ
ϣϡϣĳϣ䲻ϣԸĶȤζ
ô£һҲܳΪĲߣ
ѵֶڽӰʱʱЩ£ȻЦſƱõЩ֮һǸʱǲҲȤζ
Աش⣬κһֱã¿ˮ˵ҲǸƯ

ϺѡĬĬر˸ʮ֣ʱ׼ְѶԷ
ıĵ֪һ£һЩȤζǰ˵һ鼸ûǵģõķʽǡ˵ʵ
Լ˵ʵôȻĪ˵ԼһʵҾ㻹ͦÿġ
仰ҲĴʵ

ڵѾ˲֪ãõ˽˷ˮҲֻڵһ
ӿʱ͸һ˿Ѿһˡ
Ҫ΢һȴȻԼӳȴԼӳ˺ܶ
ǸŵСĲȥ𣿡
ǡ

ķʽ1

Ѿʧʮ, ô
׼ȷ˵Իش, һֱŲˣôûзӦ
µʱֻڿֵ, Ȼͱ˻еɡǰ, ʵҲеɵˡ
ԼҲ˵Ļǲ, ǰһ϶ѡ, ǵڶ仰û¶ԹĿ࿴öԷȡתĻᡭôҲû뵽Ϊʲô
ʵҪ˵֤Ӿͬˣͬ٣ô
Ի¾ԼһֱԼʰĸɸɾӦҲбҪ
ص㲻, µʲô̬ԡ
³ĬһᣬԼǷǲµ˼ûѡԼȥ, ֱվ, Ŵ뿪ˡ
վʱһղ˵Ǿ仰ʱ;ԼѾ, ⻰ȫӲŻ˵ġǰ˷ǵûнĻ, ת˳ȥ, ҲԸһ˽⵽˲ͬѰԻ·
ƿŵһ˲䣬Դŷ￴ƺûˣղվƺ˼һ, κεӰôһղ֪ǣֻһֿܣѾ˵̸뿪ʱ䡣
֮ǰĻҪһ㡣
ˡ˭Ϊʲôû˵֣ĥţȻԺ޵һѡ
ػǰ¿սһֺܺõˣʱԶǸҲŹעǺǸ˵Ϊ˽ȻͬǵûػӣһһСԼΧ
ټһ֯ڼھͼʧһɶΨһܸϵϵҲֻʣǼĳע⵽Ǹ֯ʧҲ٣һ֯ڵĸ׬ǮķǸ֯׬Ǯ·һʧˣڴȻḶ́
ûʧǾСϣԶԼĲˡ
ģڽ˵һµ¡
˵Ŀʲô룬ͼʲô
˳ǰţոǸģѾǸ¥ɱ뿪ˡطʵһͨӣǸջԱźüΣȫļС֮һѺԵߵǸңѺǵұߵǸҡ
´ԵǸ뿪ֱĳ˹ȥ
ߵʱ򻹲ͣ磬״УУͲ˵仰𣿡
簲Ǵûֹ
״У͸͸ſɲԸ񰡡̾˿磬һաաصŮˣԺַӾͱӣǸû̸ˣҲ㲻ʱ˼ֻǾôʵͦû˼ġ
Ҳӡ֤һ״еĵ̡
ʵ̵ҲǺԶ׼飬̲ͣҲԼôҡȻҲԸǲҲܵһνġơӰ졣
¾ڵӦǲԼˣҪõֶΡǱ߻ҲúŪһ£һµһЩ顪ȻݣϺܶ顣
һһ߰Լժ
ǻڵʱ˿̵ǰķûжһ£ֻǾڵϣһ
ڵϼжԻ̸¥Щӵ顣Ҳ֪¥Ⱥӵģ֮ǰȻǸɱ֣Ҳ˼¡ǸղǵĶԻǸӾĵױ
ͷŵذ壬˯ʱƺǰȻ
͵˹̧ͷֻǾͷĺ
㻹ŰͷʮֵϤǸϲط𣿡
һ£ĻҪһ㣬֮ǰԶģʱ˿ҪԼ֮ǰŵһС
ɤ˵ʵЩŤ˵״Ҳ治װȻɤһֱ˵˿ʮĻǶɤ氮˼ְ
µҲٻ羿ϲִˡԶ׼ּ氮ôĵأڵһһģӣЦҲ񣬶
ʵĴģԼ}ûţ˵˵Ǳ޵İֶԼȻһ㡣
ԼϱӵӦа˷ˣΨһľ·ױˣû취Ҳûʱһ󻨵·˵ʵ·ҵġ
㡭Ǽѵ̧ͷǰϤİˣΪʲôҪô
ǰܸһ𰸡
ұΪһ㡣Цˡ
ܾڵģ񾭲ʮֵǷᡭһ㶼ϻµⲢûйϵ
΢״пһ㣬¾;żҲֵˡ
ڸǵĸоǳĲԣǵʵһֱǸǵ˵ġȻʱҲ΢ߵЦԲǰӣ֡׵ӡ
Ǹ¥ɱģʡ
ǡЦһ˵ɵ϶࣬ұΪǸˣֻϧûв𡭡
վӦûɡϵĹŹ̫ˣѾǶɱˡһԶ벻ӣʱһһ·
˻µĻȴȻȫŹֵĻ֣Ǹ˵ǳ׵˵ϴ
Լյƣյ˵ܱĻƣڲϣԭ˵Ҫյûȥġ
뿪ǼѵĿıӰȻһͷһҪȥֻлȥӳȥܰϢ߽ӳ
ԣڲΪԼһ˶ģø߽ӳŵﶼʲôҪŸǻڷǳΣաԣƴȫҲҪȥ
뵽ǼѵĿʼԷĴԳϵѣѾʼһһ˼ĶԲˡ
ӣ˿ûĳԶѸղŵǶԺ
´˳ϡﻩĳԷ΢˵㡣
ԺǷųȥô˵Ҳ˶ôġ
ǿѹıŤ׼Ҽ˻عһ״ճ
ھϣϱӵķʽҲǲһԼһ¡
ҲûʲôǣңΨһǣҾֻѡ
ڻĴżʱĶߺȻСĴһʵҲ
ãȻĿ˿ܡ
ܾĵģ·ʲôûд

ķʽ2

ڿջѾ˻Ǻü, ʱ, ҲյżĹϢ֪˷ػϵ顣
˲ƶϳȫ, Ϸ̻ľˮֵˣ˾˭, ʲôҲö֪
ºǵͬʱʧǸŴ˼ĿֻźѹôһӲҳջ, ºʧٵϢ˵ȥ, ŵȺ˻ΪֻʲôҲֻǺܵ˵мҪҪȥڽƽʱҲֵİĸоô˵Ҳûʲôȥɡ
ֻнԼһ֪µ״ȷʵѾǻüëˡ
ȥˣ롣ǼȻ̻һʧٵģǿ϶йϵ, ҾԲǸȫﵱصķйص¡
ʽΪʲôôƶʱյг˵ԲǸȫйص, ΪֻҪյ, ȫķӾ;Բ˺Ǿˮֵġˮֵķô, ܹͬʱǺͻ¸
Щ, ܰѻҲץ, ǾͲǺܼ򵥵ˣơҲһСġ
Щ˰ѻץߣΪĳĿġ
ĿǽԸġµĿԶԸ, Ϊһ˾Ǹʮֿµ顣˵Ķž
µ񣬽˸ɵҲûκεáѾһ֣Ҫƾֻеȴ
Űɡ롣
Իµı죬ĳͻȻſҲ˵Ͼ׵Ļ°

ĳʮֿ׵Ļڵ϶Űǡ
ǰǻǹǲ޼߸ɴһʱ磬⼸Ѿһ㶼ѡˣڵװΪԼһʱ䡣
ʱ˿ͻȻΪʲôһ߸ְı飬Ϊı顭ĺʡ
ǵnĳԷˮѾȺܸ˫ˣΨһԸˮ΢һ㣬Ȼʵе㿸ס̫ˡ
½鲻Ǻܺãմ¥Ǹɱ׳˵㻰Ҳ鲻õԭ
Ǹ¥ɱָǰ޽ɣΪʲôأΪԷΪġ硱֪˵ĻŻܵģȻѡɱ¥Ȼӳ¥øġˡӦûɡ
µݰ޽ɣӹƵɵ¥ɱֵʽٵγΪ߼Ĺƣ漰
ŻļôһġСʱһȺСڵ˭ܻĸá
Ȼʱ˵ĻǡЩСѧûмѵ򲻹𣿡ʵ֤ȷʵҲǻõһҸȺͨ˼ҵСȷʵɣǸʽӶرơ
ǸĿռҪȫͿԱȫģΪҪʳˮÿ϶ֻһݡ¹Ұ֮ΪһСġӡ
⣬һЩ뵽ⳡɱеĺҲȼ˽ȥΪһЩĳġԡĺӣЩΪԱòʹһЩֶΣ£Ҳֻܼⳡս
һһһȺһȺһһȾˣᴫȾķǳ죬ڷջڡĿǰûҳ֡ĴȾԴʳˮڿ֮У
ԣѾΪһֲˣǴȾ
⣬Ǹ¥ǱɱֻԻ˵γΪһġơķ
ĹȻγɵģǹ˺Ҳ÷ָСɣͷˣǸ뿴˭ҪǷһôһӮǸȻǸһĹ
ôһЩͨķܲȻγɡֱ̣ӳΪһأ
ܼ򵥣ɱһ
ˮλᱻͻȻΧɱΪĳһ㡰¹ļ󡣺ܶ˶˵ʼĹôֵģȻȻģҾͶ֪ĳǹˡʵĲ࣬ɱ࣬ǱɡơʱãһоôĹŹ֣һô˳¡
ϱӵ硣
Ѿ˾֪Ѿ彭ʱ򡭡
Ӧһˡ
ͬʱҲΪʲôƽʱϲһλͻȻ֡ΪˮּµĹǳеԵڹ֮ǰͰɱ
ⱲյϢϱӽһ󲽵ӣǵϱһֱ磬ĳɳΪһ
˳һᣬˮֵǸڶӵڻӲ˳ȥڻ֪ȥǸ¥ɱòΪǸǳĴѣҪɱ¹ˮǱôõġֻôһ㣬¿Ҳû¥ˡ
ҿ԰ѹϢ㡣Ǹ¥ɱ÷ǳջԻµ
֪ջܴȻɱ¥ûеõԼҪõĶɣӣҲû뵽¥һƣҲû취ΪµĹ
վ棬ӲӰ
¥ǹ𣿻룬Ǹ¥²Ǳʲô֯Ƴ׵İɣҪӳ¥ǰͻȻе¥ͺнʱֻΪ¥ʹеĹԹɶģڿп˭ȥŶɱ
Ϣ״˵Ҳ˵ϺãΪǺиģҲСҪһкӣҸԸŬ¥ľһ㡣Ϣ󣬻¸ǲҴ̼磬öԷӦûʲôҪ
˵ҰһƺòãµܶӣͣԼĽӴϵǣǴıƱãϾͷôġ
¾Լ˵Ѿزȥˣ֪ô飬˵ŭǲܵģǸЩʣˣһڻĸͯҲһ˿·ϰ˵ı֪ǴӺʱʼƶģҲ֪˭ƶġ
Ѿתϰ꣬ƻ˲һһȺһһȺرµˡƻƶĿҲֻΪһЩ˵ȤѣΪĿǰԣĿ⣬ҲκҪƻ
ַʽԼ֪鶼ǣղѾ޵Ŀһ¡ơĸ˵һ³Ϊķʽ
ˮֵǸûбץϢǣ˵ǰɵڻ֪ء
ȻûȥĴ㣬һи˰ϢȥѾñˣ£Ȼס
µĽǵĴһ϶Ǻһͼ
ŽմɫϣԼԼĿһֻ쵺
ȻƸе֡Ǻ״ϲͼ֮һˣ·ϱеģҲϲеͳһ˭˵˲úզġ
ýҪٰѺĳϸһ㣬ʱȻԼ΢΢Ķһ¡
һ¶ʮֵĲͬѰղŻ¸оԼôһ˲䲻Լʹˡ
ﾪһ£Ϊֻ˵һ¡ղͼĿȨܲôҶѡ
ôʱͻȻ֣롣ΪԷһڵġ
ҸղŵǸȻԶǵĺ󱳡
ոôˣԺ룬ţȻ뵽һú⣬еϲԣϸ뻹еɵģҲûпܵĿܡ
״ΪҪ֡ͻȻһѰɣ


ķʽ3

Ǹ¥ɱ⼸Ի̾Ϊֹ, ¾ÿԼݼ̫, ԰ĵˡ
⼸ݳһ˫ϰߣʱڱ֮޷л, ʱķ·ҪɱˣʱֹӰ, 仯֮⧲
Ȼ¥ɱֶԴ˻Ӧ, һе㲻շΧ, Ƚϲ˵˵䲻ģӦҵһ˿ؼҵĸо
¥ɱ⣬ûһ˻ϲڵĻ¡
Ѫȥ˴Եӣһ
ǺǣǸνʿ𣿡˹ȥ, ̧Ե
Աúõͷأ䲻һ̧ͷȻͿһűɫ, һĹְ, 񲻺õĿ»ΪԼˡ
⻯ôױΪ˸ԺúõĹͨһ¸, ȻԲͨӡ
¾绹Ǻ, ûԸӦòϲѪ, ϱ绹ľǱԸˣҲǸ˵顣
㿴ܵµ˿Ե, һƺ˼⡣ӡЦϱ״ʼӵģ˼ҸŹǺӴصӰ
ʵ¾绻Ů·Ȼһ£δһСŮĿɰģ״ϲ·ϲױšǶá
ԴеɣΪԼӦȫȻ֪ΪǸߵ˿ĲǸһӣĥ¡Ǹ˸ĹΪ¥˰صģǸ˵ֶΣһ㡣
ʵͦ뿴絽ʲôӵģ֮ǰǳĸȤģʹ̧ͷҲֻܿһƬ̡ԼƾģǾҲ˵ģⶼʲôҲˡ
׼ӳȥʱ˳ϣ׼лһ棬ʱиһɡΪ˰ô˳һ£ȻͺȻ˷мơ
Ը˵ɫӦǲܵģʵ¾ԿףҲύ׼ȸԷһӹϵͿ͵͵ˮǺһСӡȥ˳ŰȺҲϡ
ԵеɣǰӦڴ⡣壬ʵ˵Ǹ顣
һ24kֱе˵ڴʱ˿˼άըˡıըˣըʲôʣ֡ڵԱϾǸé®СӣûϱҾҪҲҪչû˵
ôһԲĶŻ£뿴Ҫʲô
߻ȱ˲赹ˮˣҿӦʺľͰδ˰ϵһ
ԱһһһϣҲǹͷȫĽ
ովöԷë뷨˻ȥΪԷʹëҲǸ񾭲ԲڵԱӵġ
ҲͨʽԴһϢϲԡ
Ƕ̸û˿ȤĻ£ϲĻڣƢʮֱ硣ȻȥԵʱҲûгһʵûһ¡
Ϊ԰ѶԷһġ
Ծ˻µС࣬ڻʱʱ¶һ˿ܵ˼ֻ˼һ£硭ӦҲǲ֪Ǹ˵ģһĴʮֵΣˡ
ڱ꽫Ĵ©ˮƫƫǸıʱһȻȻľһ˿ܵ˼Ҳ˱һǣʱȥڵĵοһһߡ
ǺϵĺѾҪȫˣҲѾҪˡ

ʹȫҲʼ˵ζ
Ӳֻ꣬ǵĹ귽ʽܸ˲ͬ⼸컨ϺͮͮĵԽԽ࣬һȥͷ·ﶼźƵġ
ϵһߣϲ͸¶ż־㤣棬ȥһξ͸ˣЦϵɫﻹƤղʱ١
ˣԽһҪڹ֮ǰȺȫŪȥ뷨ˡ
ǻһõһ꣬ҪûˣԼڼﰲĹ
Ըڻµ󣬿ʱ΢΢Щģÿοǵʱ򶼻жԼˣȻ˿¾ˡ
Ǹﶺԣ⼸ԲҲŪǸʲôˡ
ԸӣԿϲ֮һҲ˵ô£֮ǰڵһʱȷʵǳ˺һᣬټÿ˵ķС
ַоֲһôû취ȥָоǳĲϲÿζıָоӰԼϾǻڣ֪ԼСڶԷŭԷǿƲס
ûдĻ̵ģĻһ˳۵·ʱԵһʱ䶼ûϳֱ¶ϤЦʱźȻʶ˭
ǸʱеĸΪ档
ͶԷʰԷҲеɫġΪʲôƽʱҪִأԷǳ벻ͨ
֮ƺҲΪʲôԷҪִˣǰǸ¥ɱּҴҵĹ磬ƺʮֿ־˵һȺ˴ˣǱΧˣߣ
ǸӦȫ¥ˡǰԾԼԼǸɱֺͳȡϵóɱַһǵգӦҲһˮֵĹˣĹҲǿԿƵģûӵǿҲ֪£Ҳø
Ȼ֪ӦþյˣֹֻôһΣ֪һӦöƿ֮УԼɵ߶ƿ֮С
һֱĬԼǹĶУʵʵĵ࣬ԲҶ˵һ仰
ǸضʮӾ˼ɡֻϣԷԼԵķϣһ㡣
˵Σ֪ԷޣǾƲˣû򲻺õʱ򶼻Դ˵ĶԻҲԼԼ֪ǰʶòƻѡ
ϧ米ͱˡ
Ȼϲ˰롣
óĬĬĬظǵıһʣȻ͵ͷƺΣյĶԶԷֵġȤԺܺ뷨֮ǰС˧Լһµġ
һ뵽йص飬Ѳĵطȥ룬Ϊڵͼáֳʲôϵ˵ƫڿ磬ﲻЦʱ
ʱ䣬ڻΪöӹƽһ㡭籾ͲǺϲٲõְݵŵһУŶԷúõȫţʱʱسȥһ¥˳ϱҲֵͦˡ
֮ǰһֱ˵ڰٲôţȻһֱ˵ʹڰٲҲְܼ񣬵ǲͬġվкܶ鶼㣬ȡ
ܡֻ΢һͨͨѡͬϱѾ˺ܴһͻƣȫԸİ¸ˡ
ԿȻһ˵ⲻҪ˰ɣʵȴд⣬ʵװҪֵӣȻԷˮͻȻʲôİ˷ߣǾͿӳȥˡ
ҲҲûš
桭ͦҵġôҲܲץסᣬȥǸһ˵ʲôˡ
¸ղŵĶµͷҪҲͦ׵ģһҪֵʱ򡭡Ȼ·סˡ
տĵȻһµȴԲ
ȥҲ˵ԼǸˡǸᣬһֲײᣬνӳٿ㣬ҲͲ۸˰ɣ
Ȼһǻ±ԣǰڵϵǡ
˶סˣѾкóʱûôϤˡ
סԭֻһ
ֱˣϤģĻ˿ײĲȻͲ
лҪ˵ˡΪ챬ˣ˳ȽϺãһ˳ûպʱ䣬ĺܱǸ(Ϲ
Ȼû¿һɶģҿjj⼸ըеϰ൳ŪŪ׬jj(ȻһͻᱻǿзСС)ѧͺúѧϰɡ
ͷŶ=أ=

ķʽ4

ʱʵǷǳ˼ġ
ΪԼ˻þ
ֱٴο, ŷԼıƿȨ, ղʲôʱֵģûв
⻹ͷһĿȨôϢ, Ҳ֪羿ôģ֮ǰ״Ҳû¶һ, ͻȻôһ, ϶û⧲
ӽڿĿ, ǿԡʲôҲ治ˣҲֻԱ߾䡣
ʵڳ˳˻±⣬˭ûвղ˵Ǹˡǻ¡
û¾ȵǣеĲóڳҲֻһ
ͷһô˵ڻµļǴδڹġ
籾Щ, ڲ֪ԭҲԷ
ͬ˵Ҳ˿˵Ĺ֣ʵڴ֮ǰȴûиܹ
ֱ졣
ڻ, ΪһֱšξвŻֵһγĶʱ, Ѿˡ
ȵعʱ򣬲֪ʱǰѾģһƬ
ʵǸܶ, Ϊһ仰Ϳ, ˵ȥ»ᱻЦǴʱ˿һ, ޵ĳ졣
Ļƺǲ뷨İסֻЩоĺȥô޶, ڲޣһҪȥˡ
ֵ¶ȱڻĺϣǾñϵʹһӾͽ˲١
ӳƺǴһĵĶʱǾ˲ٵĿѣһϤͻȻ;ԼˣǰʱܵЩίЩ֮䵴Ȼ޴档
ģģһͷ
ӳһֱ׵ˡΪԶɿǸˡ
ۺʱεأۺ˺¡
ں棬Լ˶Ѿɵˡ
˭һαøֱŤо㤵ױݶϺüͻȻԷһھǴڣ˭ɵġ
ԼڵԻ·û̫ӦֻĿŶԷıӰҲתǰȥԷڵӣô¡
ĻͻȻʶ˿ܾҪˣת⧲
ǰ˵ˣһֱѵĶΪεģȻҲһɽɵĵ˶ӰŻǱʶ߾Ǻܶ˶ϣġ
ǰһֱȫ򵱵˵ļ£ԱΪԶأϾͲӵӡȻľѾҪˡ
Ի㱼ʶһ¡
ܸطһ飬ĴҲ˵ټ
֮ǰ˵ǻµ书ֲ̫߳ˡǽ죬ûˡ
˿Ļ⣬ԼղϢ¥ɱֳ˽ҪץסصĹȫ򵱵˿¶Ѿ¥ɱֲˡ
Ҳ˵ʱ˿̣û˼ӵģ
ǰ绺վûתͷǱӰȴĪԾΣոУʱӶըˣҲû뵽ԷȻĲôһ֣ڼǸĵطԼΣգʱض߸˿£Ӳ˴
Ѿӵʱ˿ѾһеǱһֻ޴Ұ쵵ĺһֱ쵽䣬ֹ죬ʹΧ΢ĵƹ£·һޱȵĻ
վʱ˿̴һȺ˵ĽŲԵͷһȫķѾϵˣ˵ӦԲ˴󲿶ˣһЩСӿ»ǻײϵġ
԰ԼɸεĶΪ֪ȫǸϴһֱڱһУûǸǸߡǴʱ˿Ҳ֪Ϊʲôһ飬˵˾䣬Ȼᣡȥ
ĻԽԽأҡҡ׹Ӧû֪ʲôΪΨһôµȴ֪ǰһ˿˵źܴա
ȴûлͷһֱԣȴߵļϻȡһյͬһĵ
ܿͱȼյССĵƵݸǡ
㣬ʲôԷǳľ裬Լȫ²Ǹ˴ʱ˿̾ҪʲôǸ˳Ĭһջи˽нȥȻһȥ
ɵˣǽӹյССĶӵƣ͸治֪ʱѾͿ޵ĺɫԶԶһһССĺ춹
֪ôžͻȻ׶ԷҪʲôˣֿͷƤ飬δǰѾһƿš

ջ̻С˵⻹ûôְ
Ѿŵʰöһҹδ˯ȴţ澿ʲô֮˵
ڵȴʱ򣬲Զƿȴת˹ȥǱ߿˿ƺ࣬Ҳ֪Χʲô
ƿŵһ˲䣬պþͺͼ¥ɱײ˸š
ȫҹҲһЩ¥ɱֹǴնݳĴ㣬¥֣һδһġ
ԽȫһƬɱҲ¥ͻ¥սĽ
Щ¥ɱִۼȫڴҲǻǴʱ˿ڵĵطԶһôվһҲ׳ۡ
ڴȫ￴ĿǺ⡣
ҵ졭վſڶѾ̤һˣ˵ǡҺǻǵøոջ½飬æյӵƣקԣҪ뿪Ͻͽϡ
ǱΪ»һߵģȴֻ²ûи
ʱ˿ͻȻ˴ҲʵڳĲ˶ˡ˵ǹƥһ˵Ӱ֮Եúۣ͸վһֵĮˡ
ڸǰպͻ½Ǹ¥ɱסˣһôȥˣ
ӳǺ²ûתͷȥȻ˻ӳҪҪϺΪǻܳܵʱ䡣
֮ģһǸܵ
磡
ǸǴ¥ӳȥ磡
սϣ˷ôȥСôģ
磡Ҳûסźһɤӣʱ˿̵ȴȻ΢΢Ĳͷ
Ŀϵ飬һ˵ɷ
ŶЩɱǣȻ¶һЦݣǸЦݸӣȴ˱ľĶǡ
һһ޶ʣһн֮ϵĸ߰
ԺȻԼûʶǰˡ
ЩԶû顣
Ѿȫ޷ˣԼھһȴ򲻿ţƴҲƲرļǴʱ˿ҲΪֶξ̾
ȻĹԱԶû취ֶηôʱ¥ȵġ
һ
Ȼǰ״жû𣡹Ȼһ״Լû˿֮
·֣Լྤҵҵ˺óʱŲµľ֣״׵ľ͸Ūԭ㡣
ֻǼ򵥵仰
лҪ˵ˡҺѣÿ
ͷŶ=أ=

û²ҪϹЦ

Ա˰Сʱˡ
˵ԭΪԼ书Ѿܲ, ڴԽһֱɻ, ˵书ˡ
ȻСԺǰ
ڻһүһ״еͻغ86͵һȡ
״һйȷʹð취ֱĻº޲ӡͻȻԼƽʱ۸˵ʱ, ״ǲǾһĬĬؿ, һĬĬؿ׶԰СѻŹ
µܹ״ǶôײС
Դʱ״еʽһֱ֣Ӱ˶ס, ¥Ҳкܶ࣬ʱ˿ûһ˸Ҷѹ
, ¸ȫԣҲֵַܱӿ԰Ѷɱɾһʱվڵ·, ͷ·һˮ½طֳ
ԺתͷſջķܣһĻվ, ǰ˾ȻûһҴ߾Ļ档
Ƿǳг, ʱ˿̵ȴû˼ȥ, Ϊ֪ӳľطǳΣգ䵽ΣյľΪԼ
Բסͷƺٶ࿴һۣΪʹ˵, ൱ģ̫г̫, Աߵһֱ֣ߣˣ
תȥƬ̣Ѿ
ת˲ѪɫΧȼҵ
ܸܵԼıԲࡣ
Ǹ˱ƣ硭Ļɱ˵ġ
粢ɱˣɱ¾ûзſɱ¾
ʹûɱУϵĿֲɱ˵
񣬶鶼ʾϲطԼûȨɱϼˡ
ΧѪζ˵˵ζѪɫϲıɫ
ɱɱľʲôζ
²ҲᵽʵʵĿΧһһǵжŷľ
ڸտʼ»ܷĶʲôˣͼĵ¾Ѿ˼ˡ
ģ۾ѾӿȺˣվĵطǳΨһС·¥ɱҪСҲֻͨһ·Щ˶ᱻһ
һµıҪظǧΣҲòΪ档ҲΪʲôɱʱֵôģΪȷʵʲôֵĵ顣
ֻ˹̫࣬ʹǳҲôһƣѾоԼѾƣˣȴûκθоӣֻǻеĵ
һ˿ƣӶûУҲٿ˵ȨҲһСľָʧʲôģ»ֻܷĶɢһԼľԼĿܻجΡ
һ߷ɢһ͵ʽſž;ôһ㲻Ծ
ʽ񡭡Ȳ̫ǻԼʽҲ¥ʽ̫Լ֮ǰʽʽ˵ǳ־øϤϸƺʽԼʽôһơ
Ժ󣬻µĵһӦĪԼûпļ䣿ԲǺܸߣϾǰļ˸߰˰˵ˡ
ʽ
ȵȻʹһʽ󣬻¾;ˣʽȻ֮ǰĳүү̸µʽ
ʱʶǸүүóûмʽпԭϻûѧ书û뵽Ѿİ˳
缸ֻ˶㲻ϣȻҲоµʽ
ʱĻ²ı״еѧ츳ˡ
ֱˣҲУ

ڿջͷģǸϹȥʱֽѾʰˣһʱҪ·ӣϰţֻҲһ
·أôôɧӣʡ
ǿȥǽĶԽ
㻪ӳأʡ
ӳż˰Ҳû˵ԱߵԷΪ̬Ϊƽһ㣬˵Ҳܸһ㣬ӳϺˣǿߣ˶ء
һ£ŵǵǷ׷׵Χ˹һ˷ܵӣҾ˵ӳرģӳ̫ˣڿ뿪طˣ
ǿǵıȴЩɬŵôĿģ³˺˶֪ͻڵôİɡ
Ҳûжൢ飬ǳӵĳ˹ȥڵλԽԽҲؿǵķһµĽˡ
ҲǸºͽ֮ǰû̫顣Ȼһֱ˵ǸƹޡҲͬˡ
ԼǳȫʹûйչЩĻв˵ġ
ĳЩԴһ֪ĽҲĽԴһоûУЩ˹Ź֣Һܺµͬѡ˸һĳ
ЩҲûιݣϾ˼ҵĵڲζҪʵһֱĳЩ˶ţֻ֣ǵΪǹٷţ뿴Ҫδ㡣
ǺȻǰһֱûκζźȻӿջ˳ҳȫĳܣһʱϢĽ˶֪ϢҲ͵͵ĸڽǺ档
»ʲôܱŵķӵİȫأ
ǽžͷֶˣֶˡ
ȵҪӽڵʱǺ治֪ʱ˺üʮˡ
⼸ʮƽʱ֪֮Ի»ҲȫôǱĽˡ
ȥƽʱﰡµҲ̲סһɤӡǱϾţҲߵ飬Ȼ˶ŵģʱĲò˵˳İȫС
ʵĽģܺԼϵʱῴ֪Ļ£ֺܺԼÿ±һġ֪ܿƵľԼĿЩ᲻ᵱȥΪԼⱲӶԭ²ԼЩȴܸ˺˵
ֱһȺ˹һ䣬ȻһѪȾ˵ʯ·

ī̵̦ʱ˿Ѿκɫֻ涼һӡ
ǼǵԼ뿪ʱ죬쳹ȴһƬž
ҲûС
ԭѾԱˣȴȻֱͻĴһ¡
ϤĸоϤϤһС
ȴʧˣۻô
ãȻʱ򣬺ȻǱߴ˽Ų￴˹ȥպúǰ˸ӣȻʶĶ¶һЦ

˴ҴҸϵȴǰͻȻͣǸо֣ȴͬʱһˡ
˳ϴһɫ·һ峺ıȴȾϸ춹Ѫ㡣
һƬѪɫУվѪζǵ޵Ѫ̹ǵɱ⡣
ˣȴЦվڿչС



˻ɢɢļʮһͿ˳ʮĻ, ֱǵѪ;㤵ĺɫǵ۾мȴЦŶǴк
Ź˺üˡ
мǰĿֻý, һƨڵ, ŵΪʶ£Ȼֵ, ڵϵĳ̶ȡ
˵ʱĻźͨĸ⻹Ĳ˵
Ϊһֱǵһӽ, ҲԼǸʲô, ۳ԼôһЦŹ˺ü, ҲԼӴŵ, ֹٳʲô, Цݡ
, ӳǡҪȥ𣿡Աߵĳŵսսĵ
˵ӵĳ, Ȼ󿴼֮ǰϺĻ», ҳѾûκεĵ, ӦǸ˾ø˵, ڻµģȴ˭ǰչȥ
ŵ˿ǸЦݣȷʵƽʱӳЦ, ҲǸϤĻȣϤȴȻ޴桭˵Ϊ´ʱƽһЦԲŻ˾ëȻ
ϤЦ˶ëˡ
˵´ʱ˿ѵ
ﵹֱӹȥֻʱȥ, ˶Լʲô
صѪ̫гˣ֮ǰ󲿷ʱ䶼ڿջˣ֪ӳӦú, Ǹȴûйôֱ۵ĸ
˶Ի´ʱֳӸе𾪣ȴΪ֮ǰڽ֪ˡµһݣֻĬĬظпһ
ֻпһ仰
治ǡ硣
˾֪ĵһɱ硣
صѪκһˣǶõ
ڳڽһ¡ĻǷˣ
֮˳׻˵߸ţΪߵǸ߸Ǻܹϵվ˳
ĳŻµķ˹ȥϿʲô飬һһߵҪ·ϳȥ
뿿²Զĵط¶ûʲôӦ඼žˡ
ô˻µߣվͻ³ĬĶ˼룬Ȼְ̧һϵѪ
ôʱȫҵֿûжߣڷӵıϺɸѡԽԽ
һµ״̬ΧĻͬʱͶ˾衣ΪĿǰ״Ĳá
֪߻ħĳ²ŻֵģϺĻ²֪ɱ˶ˣκ῿ġ
Ϊ⿴ڵٷ֮һپѾǷӾֲһԱˡ
صѪʹǹ⿴Ŷµûš
Ϊǻ£ŵЩ˰ʽ˰ٷ֮ʮš
һΪ֪Ϊ˰ǶϺžģＸĳ顣ǻ⽫Լһӵ
ɻĻ˿ԳǵĻ棬вԼͬʵ
¿Žĳ߹˶һٴеģȻĨһ£ڸ
ȵִһ϶Ǻģ޵ģˡ
ôһƬ춼ԼղϾǸʲôӡ
˶մһƬɫݵ˻µǰƺһ£۾ӳΧĺ죬·𿴲һ˿
Ҿͻˡ
ãһѹֵĳĬ󣬻°ʱҲûţһԼ磬ȴһֱûлʵ֮ǰ״вʱͦģϾλгȫ飬λʲô״call
ں濴ŻҲʲôҲ˹ԽǰѪζԽŨԼϵѪȴѾѪȾ˸졣
Ҳĸ˹ǵĶȴһһٵģ޲òŹһЩĿ̽Ż¡
¿һŲԼ÷ѾԼЩ˷ǵߵıڹ껹һỨ˹Ƕ߲ꡣһṦֱԾԱߵϣּԾͲˡ
˶һᣬŹӲŷӦ˹
ֻͬ̾ͺؿڵһڴڴһ
¸ղŻţĻһŲĹղͻȻܿˣٶŵȺķӦ˳ǿǣ˲ǵĴʹ˷ҷ·˵ĻҪ
»¸ղ˵ʲôģЩ˸ò˷ʱôһϸĵľٶȴŵȺһӰӳϤǸӳһ㡣

ȻȺȻ˽ӶĻ
⻶мңϲãϲ
ȺͻձȽСĶԱ˵¸ղȷʵǱˣƽʱΪ̫ʵȺ˵ｵһЩʱֵղǲŷԼӳʱֵĲͣµǸղŻ³ȥЩ˵Ѫ⣬ƽʱʲôͬ
ƽʱôºͣŵȺҲʲôоȴڴʱ˿̣˾ʹƽѱûԸȤ˶Ϊ¾̾ĸо
ΪƽʱԸҲôºͣԲŻΪ֮̾ƽͨºȴѾΪһ漣Ⱥŵ˲žȵķ֣ǵĶӳ·һԵֵһеıݡ۷ʲô̩ɽ
ƽʱûӳڿջ·͸˵һҲԻ²һԵľ塣
˳ˣ澳Ҳˡ
ʱ˿̣ȺǲϵĶǰǿڿഫġס˸εĸһݣʲôʱ˷ĵһˡ
еĽȴԴ˲ûʲô̫ĸо
û£Ҳû˵ʲôϻֱ⣬ȫڵǸƣʣ˭ҵ
֪⸽Ѿ˺üˣһֱûҳȥȺһ˾֡
ŵ˴ǸָĵطǣʮƥҵһЩӦǸվվҲѾˡ
ݶϴţһһĺ磬ʮҲûκλػһļ٣һ߻ǳʱϽռһЩ鱨
ǸŴ󲿶˳ϣ˵ءʱڳϣŸոջڵ˵Ϳ޵Ļȴûһ˿Ҫ޵ĸܡ
ӳ̫ˣû£治׵ĻӳΧ˷ܵ˷һ˶Ż£˵ҹĻ¼ֱǴǶһ˽⡣
ȴ֪Աߵζӳ¡
ӳƽʱһرעİɡԱߵ˵ûŷҿ־üᶨӡ
ǿŴŵķ羰룬Ǹ˿²Űɡ
ǸڽϵȻǰһж͸ŵϲС
磬һɱ֣һ֪ķӣһҶʱʱ̶̿ڷˡ
ˣ̸ģ̸ֺ־ᶨ
Ըһϣһ·ϱ鶼˼ȴûи
һȴһƬš

ǰߵˣƺѾѹˡ
Ǹ˴һ־·ŰߣĶ棬һԲǵЦȴѾ͸һС
лҪ˵⼸춼ʮӡΪ鲻̫дԾдɾģȵζȹȥͲˣҲᾡġ
ͷŶ=أ=

û²ҪϹ

ŶǸߵ, ǸոϢĳģԽҲֻܿ΢΢Ʈһ, ȻԼĶͺȻһˡ
Ҫ֪һнеΧһ˶ûзͻȻһˣһһϢĳ
ǹ
ֻйӵٶȡ
, ƺƽµӳǸ, ƺûзκε顣ܾǰԻ˵һӼӲȥģʵܷӳȥֻǿԸ
ΪҵɱѾɢоʶԼĲˡ
ƺѾе鶼ϵ, Դʱ˿̲ŻĶ, ΢ЦƽĿ
ЦýĻţ̹׵˵ӳʱδûйһԺĸо͵͵ǳԺǸԴһ֪
ɸոԺȴȻǱصôһ¡
ô׷ģ
ĪǸһжûӹ۾һֱ, ĬĬؿžڸʲô
, ģͷϵĺͣ, ȴ̧ȥһ¡
Ҳҷκһ»Χ˵ע, ʲôԤĺ
ʵڴ֮ǰҲû˽ļ, ˸һƹһ㽻⣬⻹ǵһμ
һʱ佭֮ǰейСȫʧ΢΢ĵͷ, ֵʮ˳ӡ
»һ仰û˵ؾͿʵʵĵͷҿãȻһ롣
ȻԼͻȻǺˣû뵽ôʵܰ˶ʵȷʵеɾ͸еġ
¾ôŲѾܰѽŵ˼ǧˡ͵ʱ˳Ĭ
㡭ҵ𣿡
¸ղŷһĻȥ˸·˺óʱ䣬ȻóԼΨһõóֵṦģ˻ĬʱȻˡ
ٿھ˺ܶʵѾǸˡ
Ϊʹһ˼ǵǵС˼Ҷأˡ
֮ǰ´·͵𣿡ʡ
±һû뵽Ȼ˸벻⣬ӦٶȻǷɿĵǡ
СţĿ˵仰󣬶ͫ׷Ŵһ롣
Щ¥ɱҲŽģ
ԡеǸЦŶ˵
ڸҵЩҲ˰ģ
Цŵԡ
ЩǱ°ģΪ˴ȫӳȥʱ򷽱һ㣬ֱܹųȥڰŵ̫ۣҲûָᷢ֡
ʱĽȻԼڶԷ᲻Цһһֱһ۲ųӹ޵С۾һ˿̺棬ȤĹ۲ӡġӡ
ЩӿֻܸܽԷôݵȤѡ
·ڶԷָĸýʮֵĲȴ޿κΡʱҲܹڶԷǰñӵ˵ƵĻػϵʱ򡣵ڣȴѾɥʧ
νţ»ʶͻצţȻһ˿η֮ġ
ǰȤҲԸ˲һһĹĥˣǱԼƹޡһԱΪ֣ͷһμַǵûаȤĹͳȥĹ
³ҲûָԷǸʲô̬ƽͣͰ׵ĹԷ˵ĶȤζͲܡ
ôԷطǹ۲ͯһ۲ôʱ䣬ƱʲôȤ˵֮еĳˡ
뵽ж˼⡣
¾ؿŶԷȴûϵԷһһ⧲
Щ۲Σ۲Ľ𣿡
⣿ָĸ棿²²͸˵ʲô˼ֻ˵ãǿ˱׼ߡ
ŶǵЦݣһСҵһ˷ǳϲһ
ıýһȤ֪ĸʹһ㡣
ԷǵЦ⣬䡣
ҵǾֵֻֻһ䡮áӦ˵ԶԶԤڣҲûĽ֡
ô֪ʲôǰô֪ʲô֪ʲô
¾Լаٷ֮ʮϵʱڼͬѼǳȻĵȥ
ͬڡ
ݻܽĹɣҪ˼·һ·̸޷ѭˡ
һ㣬Ǳŷ˵ԣȻǲֱ˵šСǡȵ̫նĻģҪõӦǡࡱš롱Ҫ˵ǳϵЩǷĸо
ڶ㣬ǲͣظ˵Ļ
㣬ںͽĽ̸ɱ񣬷ɱ
ĶԻ󲿷ֶǻʵսӦãԼջһ׮׮һ

ǵǼջҲ㣿ôһģˣ
˵ûҵˣ𣿡ЦŴ𵽡
ЦһǸ˵ϲƯŮˣϲƯ·³ǲǾ㣿
˭˵ġǿе˻Ұɡ
ϰ˸յƵҲ㣿ǽûյƳô
ҲֻһӶѡ㲻ֵĻƺƯ𣿾ͺ˶ͬʱһõһ
֮ǰȥǸ·ӡӰɣʱ̾ɣ
µЦ
ʱûаǸµ¼ܷô᲻ʱһǣ
°Цŵ

һ⡣
ͬʮΪʲôһ˺µܷЩмܲסˣҲΪʲôô⡣
һʱ˿˵ˣǸ˸м顣
çһҡʵ߳ˣﶼͣģÿ⼸ڵߣȫͣڼҪᣬʼҲɵ֡¾ԼⱲӶʲôߵ⡣
صŽһ⣬Ȼ˵仰󣬽ȴȻͳĬµ˺óʱ䶼û
Ĭ˺óʱ䣬ڿڵûзͦϰɣ
˲ֳĬ
Ļ±Ȼͱʺš

ȵȣ㣬ղʲô
ڵ·Ϸٵʻ̧ͷĿƺҪߵµĿ
ûаĹƣһЩźǰɣǻ˵ҲܱǣҲ㡭Ȥ˰ɣ



ڵĳôһ, ĥ˺óʱĥ˼
û˵֮ǰ»ûǸô˵֮󣬻ºȻͬඥһ
Ϊɶû˵֮ǰԼһоû, ˵֮ԼԻ·Ҳղأ
ʵǸʵ뵱һãȻ費ܱ, һֱû˵
ӷٵԹһС, ΢΢Ĳһ¡
ʲôʱע⵽µİɡ濿˹ȥ, ȻַΪ˼ע⵽Ӧò, ںܾúܾǰȷе˵, Ӧһλȥػӵʱ, ʱʧ˺ܳʱ䣬ǺֺȻڴ, ûǶʱ侭ʲô, ҲûΪʲôܻŻ
ֵһ£΢΢һ, Ǻǣڳһ˲, Ǵӱ紵Ӻ󿴼һһˣһӵ·ϴŰ, ˿ӡ
·Ͳͨ˴, ҲľǰַЩ죬û룬ֻǵԺǷǵĶѰһȦ, Ҳû˿
֮ϵӦöûע⵽ǸˣǶΪʲôӳһоЩֻ֣ĵקקԱԵ·С˵Ǹλҷֵָ顣
ɵ˵ǰСȿȣ˵Ӧúиĸ顣תͷʣ
Ƕһġܿŵ𣿡ԼϱȻһ£ý˺ġ
а𣿡ֺǺǵĵҲȷʵû˵ǱȻطȷʵǺڵλá
֮е㼱ˣѽҲ˵ңҲ˵ǽߣڳϵġ
ûУ˵ǶûУҲҲôǮİ롣УǮȨ򵽵Ķ˽ߣǶҪУͲô˺
Ҹոտ˰ָ´⣬͸ӳһ
ԳŽĳһۣһʼûʲôǺܿ졣ϵıȻʧ
ıԽԽľԽԽ֣˼ԼĴȣɣ

ǸʱĴϵʲôʣʱֻûһѪ·Ŵ鱨ʱ鱨ʲôǸʱҲ֪ԼԵһɡ
³Ĭ˺óóʱ䣬ĬľԼ·ҪһˣȻһ̧ͷǹϤЦݣǰĽ˵ȥ
뽭ദԭڱýȥ
Ʋڴܾͺ棬Ǵ֣û뵽²ûɷŹҲŹǣΪҪûб滵ԻأҲ뿴ʲô̶ȣ
°Լ̱ЦݶԽ³Ĳ²ǶԵء
ˣΪĴ̫࣬˸֮벻ʲôĴˣ
ҪٵĽ½ĻȻͻᱻԾ
ܸӰ
¾ԼֱⱲ޾ѭҵĸˣȴԼ޿κΡ
¶˵ӦǸܺߣͬʱҲ㿴صġ֡Ҳһĵ£ˡֱԣǲܵģΪȻȥƢܺãȴһررˡ
˵ֻ꣬һƬžһᣬ˺ȻЦˡ
һʼ͵͵ЦķЦдзԼһжںĸо
ԣҾôģǱ㶼ˣ㻹ô

Ŀ
ǵģôǽʶһ⡣
Էǹϸ˵ҲֻһơûиԷаʸ
Էģʶ֡˵ĸоԸղżƴڱԵŶԷڶԷ᲻ûôġ
ЦôȤζһˣѡƳ桱ӹٷţٹصˣںƵ
ԽȤĻԽ󰡣öԷǸȤ˵׼˯žͺȻ˰
֪ΪκȻͺܶĽ
¸ղźȻ俪ʼЦһ񵽼µӣʵǴͶ·Աľ
һС
֪ΪκȻĻ¡
ССĳǰţѾҪһˣ»ᱻͳɣ
ȻµȻҶȤûʧһƽͳ
ңԼȤ
±˲˵ţ׼ȥĽҲѻµκ˵ġ
»ͷŵȺӦöʲôΨһ֪ЩӦֻһˣǸһúá桯ġ
Ψһ֪ǸˣǰɣºȻǳŨŨͬ飬ҪôܸܲҲ
ȻŵԱᡰ¡¡û뵽ĽȻô
뿪˺ܳʱ󣬽һֱţƺ˲ûȥ
һߵѾַ״̬ԱߵĴһ£٣㻹û°ɣ
ԾԼѾַҪˡҲǲģȻƶϳһжڶԷƤӵ¡ڻվ±ϡ
ԵԶûôɢ뵽潭ǸԻ·ϣֻǵһ㡪ӳûУ
öԷɱ˹ô(ʵֲ¥)û취ȫӳ缸ˣ˸ıӶԷӳ¡ԾùʱӦö޵ҪʱԷûת뿪ͺˣôһ˿˿ᡭһӳ
Ҳ̫ܣֻùֵͬʱٴϼ
Ի磬Ǹ֮ǰһֱΪǸ̬ڵˣ˵ʵԷȫ򣬿еϧͷ֮ǰǲ˼ģԷȻȳԼͬ黹վӳڻԡѪ֮Բò˵˺е֮ǰе㲻̫һ
һֱһ˳ȫӳĸоҲ³ûпǸŻ·ˡ
ҸղڳϺȻǸ˭֪𣿡ԺȻԱһ˴չص˵
Կһۣ롣
ղϢĽ֮ƺһ£㬵תͷȥһ˴ˡ

ഺ

ȥ֮Ȼûаѻµţȫľ, ֻҪ˵, ²˵, Ҳ˵, ǻûκ֪ˡ
ܻһˡ
ϵ˴ŰСʱ, ȻͿһƥ, ǻϡ»ŵһ, ʵ˿Ȼ˰Ҳûҵ, Ȼ¾ͻˣǾ˵ҲӦǡûɱǰɣ
µĹвͬ, ôԸĻټԾԼĲԼԹ˽⡣
Դ֮Ҳûгֹ, ɻǿ˿ȨǲǳΧ, ʱ˺ܶ࣬Ͼºźܴġ
¾ԼҲĻ, Ϊһȡ˶ԷĴԽߣӦòûʲô𣬿ʵġ桱, ġ桱, ʹҲûκ£󲿷ʱ䶼ֻܶϢһһǶһ˺ġ
˵״еԸԻ·ΪʲôôֱûôɣֻҪ˵һˡ𡭡
ʵҲ̫ұ֤ĸ˵᲻ϾƢҲͦġ, һ̸̸˵ͻȻǸ϶ȷ״еķ񡭡
»ȥǰĵһվǰٲãšǱߵ˶ԽӣȻ󾭹˺ܳʱ̸²ڰǱ߶Ըȥ
ʻ֮ǰⶣԲҪ˵Լǰʶ棬Բ˵Ҳ˵˵̬һϵҲûССžţװһãȻӴӦĻóܽ仰Ͱѻ͸ɾˣǱáĳ
£û£ӻµǸһĲ˼飬ڻǵǰ죬ŸѾϢ˻ȥ
Դ»ʶѾ˺üÿʱ򶼻˵仰
±̸껰ֱĸһСﶫһӦȫҪסһܻذٲáŸĵطǺõطһ̿裬Ӻģ飬乬ﶼá
Ҳʲô˼Ϊȷû£űôӵ۾ɫڲҩ±ֺɫ24Сʱ24СʱһҲͶˡ
ȻʲôҲûСǾ˯¡°ѱ̵ůůģſڴϾͿʼ˯ˡ

뿪ʱ䣬ڰٲﳤ̾ģÿ쿴̾ͻ
˵Դߺ󣬰ٲƽԸɷþ͹˳Ҳ˵ʲôöûеģô򣬸ʮ˴åС춼¡
ýڴΣ΢뺷Ĵмܲס
һľ˵ϸϸС֪ΪλԽԽԣԽԽֵķչ
аȥ·ɡͷ۵ĿҲûСʲôôһúõСӡ
ٲǰĿյϣĻŽߺȻܹ˼кӣһһ߳Цˣ
㿴첲ֵģ˵ԺżҶҲ
ԽԽ׳
ֳ̾һ̾İתǧء
ŹӣʵǿȥˣѹƤ磬ҪҲżҾиŮ£ģ̧ͷˡ
ڰٲùսǴĳطһ˵Դ͵͵̽˳˵ݿȥΨһصƽƽ棬׼ģ֮һǼߺܵСĪе㺹գǸС⼸ļֱ˵޿ˣСĽв࣬Ī⼸оһֱ
ϾǸ˵ͽܰ츳Ҳȷʵ⡣
ٲ˺Χ˶Դȫһֱ֪е㱩ġй̸۴󲿷ֶڡôżҡϣҲԽĲԭˡ
ԭ置Ļ޴ɣԭ˵練̫
￴һۣȻĬĬ뿪ԼĶдС
ѽĽ꣬ȻĬĬ˽ŵʱҲֻǼ򵥵˵˾䣬һˡȻһĻҲûС
̾ԽĴ󣬴ˣ˵ѽСô˻Ḷ́αغοء
¿Ҳ뵽ԼȥʱȻѾӣȻʱﻹǷһЩȽҪģˣͻȻഺڣСӳ·Ҳһ˲顣
ഺڵıּȲСһ͵͵дʼǱ͵͵İĳͻȻû
ʱҲﲻһ֣ܴĿһֱɱѡ
֮⻹һഺڵǣǰЦĿɰ񣬾ǸСһ֪ѧЦ
Цʮȣĳˡ
ЦĶڣÿһûżҵĴȺÿʱԱྐྵƤɨصԼһȺӵСƨ
ȻЦֵĻҲ࣬ϾЦҲõ沿񾭣ѡʡʲôҲ
û֪ˣ»пѵǽ͵()
˽ȻȥͰˮһϣǰϼҵʱҲǸͣϴʱһܴܴͰ滹ϸɻ֮ĶҲʹӾˮϰͰЩˮȥȻͷһҲˡ
裬һʮּ·ΪһʱľˣҲûʲôǮµ·ʱ͵ĽӼãЩԼСʱ·Ȼеġ
·ͱ·
ȥٲðᶫΪһ̤ʵػٵСճǸٲõͯ˳׬ԼڰٲõĻʳס޷ѡҲİæȻѱ˵뿪ٲû᲻һƬҡ
Ҫҩҩ˻Ǹ׵ĻҪܴǰһֱǻ¿ڻ
һ޴ӣӵĸͷ֮һѹģȴɣûʲô̫ܵĸо
ӼߵٲǸ·ʱȻһСӣǸС͵͵Ŀ
󲿷СƨͬǣΧôϡٵļûὣģС֮һ
Щ£͵͵˹һߣƺ˵Щʲôֲ˵ֻܸһٲߡ
Ҳ˵ǸСҲ֨˾ôĬĬزߵ˰ٲá
С͵͵Ŀӱ䲻һΪǸСӣһβڱ󣬱Ӱţ߶ƻζš䲻棬ͿԿ
ɰŮӵ翴Щ̫ơȴͦÿġ

ؼҼ

ĸͷԱֻС˼µк߳һ顣һȻʼɨٲ, , ЩٶѾظһ顣
ǸСкԱߴ㶵վ˺ܾãһȻԼе㰭µǺߵ, Ȼ˺óʱ䣬Ȼ͵͵ҲԱߵС, ֱ򿴵һ㶡
ȥǺӸأôվſɨϵˣ, Աྐྵӵվ, ȥǱ߸ԱߵСƨ
ţǸСкһ, קɨһҲ̧ͷһۣҲ͵ͷû
˭ҵĺӰ˼ӺȻϳˡ
ȥⲻƹҵĺôˣ
ƹ, λƹߵһ̵ġ
ҲǶһ¡
ҪүΪʲôᶶ, Ϊλƹĳ̶ȼʹҲеġ
⺢ӴĿȥǺǮӣ·ʲôƶûУʶ˾ϳǺӡȫֻвϵ˸ССװΣǿ̵̱, ʲôҲûС
кӳеСʹͨкӱҲδƫһЩҲ֪ԲƹôôӪĶӡ
ȻƹĶھվǰٲõſڣƤƵıСɨɨء
ŵĻͷȥ, ˵ǵ꣬԰ԼɨغˣȴȻƹҶƨƨߵָȥһߡ
ͳȥҩ𣿴Ĺջİ˼⡣ȥ, ȴȻûʲôĿ˸ղűԼһصĹӿӣ΢Щֻȥˡ
㣬ְİôûǣǸСкϻƴһ⡣
˺󵭵˵֪ѾܾûˣǡҲá
ĻشСкһҭ
ͼԾյģܸоԼС˸̫õ⡣
Сĸ˫ȫʳǣûСܳʱûĸСк֪ʶäϡͺҲ󲻵ϾȻ˸Լĸϵһ
룬и˵ĸĸã˸ö
ǿҵСкһ⡣
ǣﻹб𣿡Скʵ
ĬһᣬҡͷҲûˡ
ٴĬСкѾĻشŵˣȻͿʼĻ״̬С
СĵһδڨͰô죬ߵȣͦġ
СкʱضҪըˣһӣתͷܡ
ƺΪȽŲ̫ûܳɡ
Һѵʱ򣬴Ӱ߳һ˽
ϴŵһڵ·ղվһ֮ĵطȻȴûһ˷
ݿƽƽ棬ȴһѽŲö䶼ӽޡ
˳ֵһ˲䣬Ͷǰѽ
˿ƽصĶ־ϵǰѽϴǳǳЦݣСк˵ûж⣬ֻǰӻȥ
˵ǾСһ㣬Ҳò˵һˡϧֵֻط
Χûһ֪Ůӵ츳ƺҲûһ̵ܽŮӽˡ
Скʶźµˣİϲˣ˵˵ȷϤΪԷǼҵġڶӳ
Ȼпļͥǲĺһ˵ܵģںӻǸĻϣ˸һ·ߣϽֹ䵽˱֣һֱкСɨ㶼ûʱȴˡ
ûжٶ˵ʲôԼӦǴ򲻹Էģ԰еսѹ˻ȥ
֮ǰҲΪӳһиŮرСүŻһֱ
ΪһпȻԼַӾҪ̵СүүȴʲôҪΪһ˾Ĵ֣̽˵и־ͬϵСƨƨߵĹˣž͡Ұܡ
˲ûи̸೤ʱ䣬ֻǶ˸кȻʹүˡ
Ѿģиոסս⣬ԼϾɵʽ·΢΢ĸпһ£Ȼ˵㰮֮ģ˵Լż϶ԷҲǲԵġ
СүŻȥ·ϣ͵͵˵Ķ˵Ҹոĸĸ˵óʱ䶼ûˡ
˵š
һûбݣ˵Ҳûˡ
š
ϣνĺóʱûһһַ뷽ǾˡǸСĬԵԭҵ˽͡
˺ȻͲϡˣֻǿһ̾ϢϴСͳҲ٣ҲкܶҵˣСǲҲʮֵҡ
ʱҵǰĶޱȰĸʹܱǱȴֻԲı仯
ԺǾòá˵
СкڻŸոյһĻʵûöԷʲôֵŮӣý˧˵һΪһš
Լһ·Ҳк˧
һ˧ĺʲôǾú˧
´ԵĻ·ʲôģ˵ͻˡкС˵
һ£˵治ͥ˼άǸСӦҲǲҪİɡ
˽ոڰٲÿȫ̵ʣǸе˭ͷҲûص˵̴ӡȻͽ˺Ժֱһ㶡
ãŵĽ˾Ȼ̴ֻӣǮá
Ǯүˣߵ˺ԺĴ£ǸǵˤСˤûĴ˲٣ܹķΧڣʯͷ̳ǳɫӡǣÿһʾһ졣
ոڽԼԼܵ˵ϢԭǴֻû֣ôᷢأһһʣ
һ뵽磬۾ͺȻԱߵһСʯӣҪǽһʣһʻû£ȴȻͷϴһ㻭ôĵʲô˼
Ϥһ㶡
͵̧ͷȥͿǽһˣͷ۾Цᡣ
¸մӴһֱǮáҲǮСӴСʱϰߺ𡱣ô̴Ӻ𡱣Ϊʲôˣ͸ϽȻ
˵ʲô¸̼ҪҪ̴һٸԽ֣һ컻һĺòã

Ŀ

λûʲô𣿡
ʲôԵģãȻĿ, Ҳûʲôֵɡ
˵ʱ, Ӻ汧ԼСɨĬĬؾ, Ȼ޵Ŀһ, ְͷתȥĬĬɨء

ԣû˵ľովǸһﰡ, ѵûо쵽ﲻ
ֿۻ£һãȻ, ԼǸһͷѽ, Ը͸ɣˡ
¿뿪ԼҲͦãȻ, ΪֿʼÿһγءӸոıӦʲô˵, Ҫ˵ʲôأ
, һ㿴Ľòãĥʱ򣬺ԹԵʵ
¶û˵ʹӦ, УҰʰõġ
пǸùԺùԵСͽܰҵͽˣдҵġ
˵Сͽܺ񳤸˲ٰҲһ, ·Ҳ̫ˣȥõġ
Žȥ˺ԺȵҲŽʱ̧ͷЦһ¡

»˰ٲþפĻˣԼ뿪ʱûʲôֵٲá
ٲӻǱȽ̫ƽģ˵ҲôССϺ뵷ңȻ󶼱뷽跨ĸŪˡƽ͵͵۲Ҳ٣վû˸ٲá
ˮǱߵûӵ
˿Ŷȹ24Сʱŵ˾˵Իˡ
⼸ڰٲôʱŶε黹ӵģȻѾ뿪ˣԼŵ˵Ҳ桱һ£˾ͻԼȫľţ֪Ķ࣬Ǿ㤵Ҳͦġ
ͻȻˮĵСͿջϰ壬峿ŨͿһ˵ĽֵЩǺͽеġӡ
ľȫ˲СĶİ˴ȫȻû̫ࡣ
Ϊʲôûаȫȥأ
һȫʱԱ䶯ʵ̫ˣ΢ĳ˳ܷΧ۳žǹˣҪǹʱңºԼᱻͱջǻºϸĻԼͽ̸ȻԼҲûҪܣΪĻﻰƺô˼
˵áֵܹסŵĿ̽ġ
Ϊ룬Լȥ϶ȫͲ˵ʲôҿ϶ѻµ˵ȥ϶ʲôҲ˵ȥŲһʾˣŴѹƽȫʲô¶ûУαض˵ôһ仰
εԭ²̫Լĥô£ڵǲǡ򲻹£Ҫ󲻸ߣ̽һ£ĲҲͳԲ顣
¾Լ֯һҪ᳹Լľ񣬱¹ܴôһҪѸ٣Ҫ죬õʵսϰˡ
һ뵽¾;ԼбҪǰҸõṦΪϲߣ׻˵Ȼɳܵ
磬ȥ˰Сʡ
ңǰʱ£ʱȥһʱ䡣µĽĺأ֮ǰҪǿܶࡣһĻķء
ôܣÿ춼кúÿ졭𴲾ͿʼȻͰɻ
ȷʵճȥʱ챻ԱߵСƨɻʱ⣬Ҳʹˡ
һεĲУԼСȻܰСǸϼӳޢ껪Ī˽ŹһͲ˭֪С˼ҳضͯˡ
СܹԣԣҲûôģԽԣθоԽָ
Ӳһ¡
ԡ´ӾôԵķϣٽһ书ɡ
ŻµĻ۾˿һƤƤĸо
мܵĶһëޣƤƤ۾
۾¿˶ܲˡ
ѹԼƴߣһë֣Լʲô书
ڻĥʱи˺ȻϢĳһɫĹٷϿģһЦĸ˵ȿǸ˵ʱϵЦݾͺȻֹ˻ȥ
ҲԼǸˣعͷȥԷûκ˵£Ҫ㣬һˡ
ϵЦҲˣھߣ
ԡ
»ͷվղϲСȻԴеǺܾĿ˻ֿ˻ˡ
֪ϰôµʱͲӦý̫ˡ
ôǸԱ»Ƕ÷ǵһλġתͷǸĶܱǸ²̸ܽǸ书ˡȸѧһòã
ͷ²Ǻܸߵӣ¿Īľеãŵÿζ³ţȻһ߰¡
ĺܱǸ¾Լھ͸ǰƭǰʮèһһģԼڶĪľԼǸpyӣҶĴpyӱܵĲһ˿֮顣
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˿϶ܵȶ೤ʱ䣬Щ»»ģ뿪ǰⶣһ£ҪǲͲҪˣȥ˯Ҫܣעⰲȫ
⻰ʵǶ˵ģǶĳԱĬĬŵĻ˵ġ
ͷ˺ܳʱ΢΢ġšһһ̧ͷʱ򣬻ѸǸŵ˲Ӱ
˺þãһ죬˵£춼ʲô°ʹûмڰٲúõĴһµģܣ¶û¶࡭
һֹһߵ˴ྐྵӣǰʱԼϻˣ˰µҩǵȵȥֿʼ޼ɵ
ӺԺ߳ȥʣأϽһء˵꣬ͿĬĬصһۡ
ĬĬɨɨ˹ƤӣˮӲһ飬Ȼڹ̨ˡȵԵһʱﻹãȻ룬ΪʲôҪЩء
ĸĬĬڷϿţҲһҲҴྡ
µŵ󣬾ȵķֳ֮⾹ȻܶϤڣнͬΪĿԱģмˣһ¹¹ͬ¡
˵˵ƽɾڻǰһϣµ󻺻Ŀһְۣ۾ջȥˡ

ǰɵӾȻǴ

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ΪΧ˼ȫ۽Ǵ룬ƽġûƽ, Ҳ͵Ǹͨͨͬžۻˣƽһ, ¡˭񾭲
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ǽйԭЩ, Щ˲Ǹվǰ˵һȦĿڵλŵľӢҲѡˡôڣʴһ⡣
ԸΪţΪ˱˶Լ𣿡

ţ
ž
ͫ׵ĻҲʲô۵ľٶֻʵһ
˵ʲô
ʱ, Ϊеشת۵Ӧöĺһ㣬ʽСпֱ߿ٱСִ˵ҪҲôɡ
Ȼž͸һȫϵģ˼֪ͨ¾ͰǽнһСȻͿˣӦʱ䶼ûС
һ˰졣
ϵĥͻȻ仰ĿʲôԼӦӦ̲ˮ
¸Լ޹صĻԼǲǿԾֱһ֮
Ǽϼ⣬ͻµһʮˡ¿ǱԼֵܽƽɣ͹ˣ˵ȫûİ˼ҽйǻش⣬¸ղŽʹɫΪ֮ǰõһϢ
һʮ˷ҲŷԾͺˣ²ڵǸͷʵڻԼ·û˰·ڣһ˳ȥ͵ʲôġ
ǰǸ˳Ĭһֽ˵Ը⣬㽫Ӵڵ¡
Ӵ˸Ե㽫ֱȥ
ľֳϿ϶˱ʾԣ⻰ԽԽаͺȻһϤ˵Ը⡣
͵˵ķȥֻƽѸٵ˵֣ͺû˸ո˵ʲôһ
ôһ˲仪»ýͦүǵģǵ˵ʵԸ񣬻¾Ǹոû׸ӿһ㣬ϾǡŲôἺΪ˵ˡ
ֱӸԷ˵ˣ磡ⲻ飡Ҫô˵Ը⣡ûҪ
Ȼ»ûٸüĿ飬ԱߵĹĵҲԸ⡣
ģλҲ϶ġʮӡ˹ĵĻҲһ£Ȼ᳡ͽӶĴˡԸ⡱
תۼ䣬᳡ûлشֻʣȣде㲻ˡǰǸƺûκξȵı飬ͺȻ뵽һܡ
˵Ԥϵ˰ɡ
˵Щ˽йζ֪Щһͬ⣿
üͷһ
˼·˼ĻŵһֱʵͽŵȳһŷԼ˵ġ
Ҳе̫ɹˣԣȷʵûʲôܾɡ
һת۵ʱ䣬᳡ƺֻʣ˻һˡ
½ĳŻ¿±˵ͬȻٽһ䡰Ҳһת۾ʣһû˵ģĵˡ
УԼֳͻ
µһҧ˵˾䣬Ը⡣
áվǰֻһȦǣȻôҽһЩ£Щֻ˽⣬ӣǾͨͨЩ޹ˡ
ĹߺȻ¿һۣ޴̨ʱ˿Ѿˡ
ʵ˵˺üΣų̂һΪװƷأ̨󣬻²ŷⶫġȿȣǲ͡
ЩֽǡǸ˵ȵľͷл裬γȥÿ˰ֽŽյ
˵󣬾һֽ˹½ӹֽŵӡ
֪˵ݸǷһΪʱ˿һƬžòҲǽͷӶĺʱ
Ǹ˰ֽǺ󣬾ʲôûзһת뿪ӡ
ӲͷƤԼֽ˵һţӳȾйڡơ
ŽУɱջģǡơ

㻪أôûӰˣһԷءվſڵ
ˡԼ룬ƴҲûڰٲõʱ򡣡
ĹĹҵЦǺǵȥһ£̧ͷ涼Ѿ޾ɵİѷ꣬Ȼͻˡ
ſݶϵĻִʱ˿ҲͳԼ˵һʼʱоеģʱһÿֻǲ𣬾Сʳ͸ˡ
ǼֽղѾ˲ˡһγȥ˲̫࣬Ƿɢųȥ¾ŵ󣬽ҲһڵģûпǼֽ㻪¡
ע⵽ǼֽҲֻķһ£ûи룬ֽϵ֪ˣ˵Ͳܡ
ûе㸴ӣΪֽ֪֪дʲôĽ׾ʲô
ʵ漰һŵľԻˡҪȡĿһ㣬˵»ɡĿǸƻѡԼ˶Ŀġаٷ֮ʮ϶ǡĿˣʣĲָ;ˡ
ʲôݷӴڲ֮ġĿĸĿԶԶֹô򵥡ǵĿԲǼ򵥵Ĵͨڲǡȡ֮
⼸ֽ˵ˣ漰һܡ

ҪԼһ
ҪһֿɿصģܹһѵģͬʱȫҳŵĹܹɱе׵ƽ
챻йˣѡġ桱
²ƻϱûзû˿ͣ͵ľϱ罫֮ʱ
ʱֻһˡ
ΪһĹķɱһ
ôʱˣһֱ벻ǸôߵģϾʱȫҲ˾һĪķʽߡ
ǰʵѾʧȥʶˣҲ˵ɱҲǲģ߼ǸɱˣпܻΪĹġ
Ǹˡ
ӵĿǰİ˶ȣƺҪһСĽ

ѽȻ
лҪ˵̫ˡһѩ糿˰ͿʼɨѩӰ˵ɨʮ㣬ɨˡϻΪѩ·³ûůİ೵϶һСʱŶû֪
һ־ޱֶˣŻһ¶ȶûС
ϣ΢ůһ㡣
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ӱǵķ

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°Ǽֽӽ, ȻŽһ˳, ɵɵģ֪Ļʲô͵Ĵ
ʣµûм, ºͽ˵ġڰһǰһ, Զ̫δ£ǵǰ
ƻ˺ܳʱ˰ɡʡ
ǰĽͦʱˡĿǰΪֹҲûʲôɹ, Ҳ֪ǾǸʲôԵġ
˵ͽԣ൱ˣ˶Բ, 㽭ûʲôʸ񳰰ɡ
ƽô£֮ǰǡ𣿡ʡ
˺ֿסֽϵĶû𣿡
, ҿˣǾáе档µ
е㲻˼顣
ֽϵһҳдһڻ˵ͦҪ£ǾĿǰ˵, ƺҵĳƽķ
¿ֽʱΪԼ۾ʲô, ǽ˺üΣֻԭⲻӡֽϡ
ҵİ취ÿ˵ǲͬ, ʹĿǰҲֻ׶, ûճһͨõ·
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Ż¾ͺȻڻڻǵķӡ
ӱǵĵһҵһںˡ
˿ˣ, ˡȵȶڷ˵ȽҪˣЩǰӻᱣֽǣΪЩ˿Լһ档
Ҳ˳Ž˻һ֮ǰһֱЩԻ󲻽⡣
Ϊʲô翴ʱƽأҲ͸йء
ҲΪһ㿿һ㣬Ի²˵¿飬Ȼ»ֱѶǹʺȻŰŰӽġ
ڶ취÷һֱŻĳ¡
˵ĳΪҲŮԲŷġô֮šֻҪһֱһջҵ˵еŮѡҲᱣֱϵ
ֵܱñ˻Ҫһ㡣
취Ǵӷӷ֡һЩΪɱȽأӷ˵һ̾Ϳˣһ˰ķ衣
ɱȽ϶أճ֮ǰһֻҪ̼Ǹ㣬ôԶ˿ʲô
һ취Ǳѹơ
ĳһʱǱȽƽģֵµġơҲƽ
дԵľǵͬʱҲעһȽټĿǰ󲿷ܱǵķ˵һ㶼ѭǵһ͵ڶ
ֽصǿҪһõһ취Ϊһ취ͨƷں˴Ӷסӱˡ
ڼķûһҲмǧˣʼЩ״ԼĶһ£ƺҵôһӦĵط¾ûǶڸշ˱ȽЧŷʱԽ߻ħıҲԽĿƲסԼ
ƽɡôģʡһֱԼƽɣǴܲסֱӷˡȻ˺öȥȰͼԼƽɡ
ţȻȻأ¾˼·ƺе֣˵ֻ֣ãȻһ䡣
Ȼȥ˵ƽǲģһֱǸŵˣǺڵİ˵Ĵڡ
Ȼǹ˼ӰƽΧסˣúõĿžԼͬʱһֱԱ㿴ƽ𡭡˴ŰºͻȻָˣøһģһ
µ亹ˡ
ˣȫǱϴ˰ɣĳ˵ֱӷ˻Ҫ˰
ûоﲻ𣿡һʱĲ£ȻǺڵİûָŻһʲôԵ𣬻֮ǰô׹۵Ĵ㶼𡭡ܵ˵Щ̫ԾĵطҲʶ˵Ҳһٻ೤ʱ䡣
⻰лûľһ¡
ƽΣգôᡭ
Ǵʲôط֪ģ
˵ڡҲɻǲģ㻪»˽ġ統統ԴžͱƽƽҲ˶ѡ
ڳԵ⣬ԴʲôҲ룬һҪǾ͸ǣҪ͸һ¥ǺǻԼǲǶС
ԻǶݵĽӴԵкܵӦֵӣܲסϱӾ͸ǩʲôЭԼΪ˿һӡ
ϱҲǸԭĶУ¥¥Ҫʲôʲôջû̫Υԭ򣬳ҲҪ飬ʲôģҲеˡ߿ΪŻ߻ɽԷҪ̫ࣿ˼άɢ
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Ϥĵ󣬻Ȼˡ
ǽƽɻϾҪ±ֵ̫һ㡣
˵һȫɵˣڸ´Ȥٸƽɽ־ͲһܴùŶûǰֲô֮ԽԽˡ
˵Ҳδءķƽɿ»ŲϺš
ԤһЩ˶ҪȥָͷһţӦҪȥϵǼ̽һûʲô쳣˾㣬͹Ǹ»ƽһߣ˭Ե̫á
Ҫȥ¥˵¥ɵ˺񲻶࣬Ҳ˭ܰһȥҲ̫ϲǸˡ
һ˵ʮ˵ĶҲµ˼ڽһġӡֻ˽ĵط˵ԻԷᵽ¥ػӣߵļɣڵɣһδ֡
ʮͤ
㡭Ѿ϶ҪȥһطˡĻµļһƬңᷴӦ˰ģʲʲô
ҪȥĵطӦþȫ򡣡֮ǰǰȫҲ϶һˣһȥģΪǸӴĽࡣ
ȵȣȫ򣿡¾ˣ˾Ȼİȫһӵļ𣿺¥һģ
ԭΪֻǽһϹ˵Ķѣ۳žѾȫԱʶ˰
ǲ̫Ϸһ㡣
²۵ʱ򣬾ȦӣԶЩţӲȥ
ĻʶĿһۣͺȻ˻֣¸ûʲôϵ㱣סԼСͺˡ


һ̽¥

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ֵм׼ǰ, ǰٲȴܹءЩ, 쾭, ˵⸽ҽݾһ, ʱСҲš
ҩĵ껹ûţ¾ȥͰٲϵļ˱ƽʱҩ, θȵĻƵҩİٲࡣ
³ûʱЩҩĶɹ, Ūá˵¶ʮ˾ͲɻˣΪѵõļڣ⼸΢ڿһ㡣
ȻҲûڿ쵽ȥ
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Щ, ¶úܿ, ȻҲЩҪҪġĵľֻ⡣
һǻ֮׬Ǯ⡣
ǻϵķӿɲŸķҵ⡣
ȻһûĥףԷˣ⼸촿ûµʱһ룬벻͸ɴ㡣
ʱ䣬¾ȣҩ, ҩɧŽ
Ҳôû԰ɡ룬ʮĻ˳ȥɻ
ûȥҩǻºͽ֮ǰԼõļ淽ʽȥ˲ڣһʲ˵첻ˣڲŻ˿ȫʱҪۡ
±ļ䣬һûҲֻաȻҲûʲôĵģֻǵĴմֶѡ
֪ʲôķʽǱ¥ϱӵľǵ¥֮þʷʫȻôռôһأȻΪŵĹǲǱ˻Ҳ֪
ֽȥ˺üΣûûԽĻڸʲôýôصģ²ڸʲô£ֱڽֵʱźȻֵòƲǽԼ
ǰ³Źĺһѹĺһ飬΢ЩֵĳŻ·˹Щ£֪Լ򵥵һɤôѹųҲһױŵˡ
ǻµʱһȻæϹŻĵö㵽һߣС˵㰡ղһ治Ҫôĺңе㺦¡
˭Ҫ𣿡¸æҵĿһۣ뿴ûʲôɱ¡
һȻ˵ҪҡҺ±֪ľңȻЦҡ
£
αء
һѾĿ˿ĵȻĵʵ㲻̫ġҡʲô𣿡
Ȼ尡ԼͷҾҪȥɽɱȽˣװɷȥŻǣ֪ҳҸôأ
⻹Ǹ亱еķա
ҲһգȻʶոչ˵ҪȥɽĪǻɻɽҲһơֻܽǻɣǲȷϣԾ˹ȥ
ϱӹγΪϵڶ͵ģΪľϲͱ˱ȽһȾͱȵ췭ظеҪһŴѩ˼
ȻΪɶһȽħΪɶִϵнһ㻪´û˽ҵһοĵʱҲ˼ĳȻҲǸѧӣ
֪˹Ϊʲô
šġĵɽйȥȽһ̲סҪɱҵģҾܿûˡûеĻȥһط⼸һֱ׼
ǰӦһֱûϹƹޣƷӦõģϱӹǰһ·򣬴ŹˣҲûʲô£ڽ˸
Ʒð¸пĹĵļ˵һ䣬Ǳ̫ƴˣˣúڼϢһʱ䡣һ룬Ϳһʮ־ȵĿ⿴
¡ֹ㡭һ㶼µ𣿡
ôһ˲䣬ƺãȻһ¡
ȻعȵĵǰȻں£
찡ǽϵڶĽͰ±˻ûл·ˣĳֵĻ᲻࣬ǻ֪ǸУ򲻹ܻɵġ
´ʱԼԼʶЩոսӵ˿ҲãУڻµպǴУʵںµġ
ǼԵĹǸ˵ȫİĵط
ΪЩ򽻵̫ˣԻ»ûкµĸоȫƽˡ
ǽأôʱ䲻ڣ²Ҳں°ɣΪ£Կʼǰ׼궼ûЪϢأ
еˣôɧļһƺе˵İû˲٣Ҳܲ٣˭뵽ϱôеĽȻҲʱ򰡡оһСء
ͽǵģôżЦŵ
ż𣿡һԻ
ͽĶؼңڽ߻żµ
ǡļԻ˵Ҳ𣿲Һͽˡ˵⼸׼궼׼ġ
̧ͷ˻һۣ£ѵû׼𣿡

¿˿ģĿ˿¡
˴룬»ȻѣĿİĵңҡ˵׼ģҡ˵ҩ˵ġ
ҵε˵ҩҺȥãҾͲȥˡرĵĶԻ˵
»л㱵Ļ˰ٲãԼε˵ҩȻ˳˼
Һýû˵ʲô򲻾¶
ΪɶһֱûŰҪȥĵطȫŸƨ
ԣԡƴҡԼͷҪҪʱ˵͵͵ĿأһҪǱǷֵľˡ
ȻʶԼȥȫҲд⣬ҪĵԼ᲻ΣգҪĵǻ᲻ᱻŸʲôԵģһƣȫͲȫˡ
УΪϴ󣬱ҪСǷܶǮûͱ˳Ұ
˲˾׼꾡ϸļƻԼһεȫ֮ñø룬˵ľ
ôһŪŪ㣬˯ʱ򣬺Ȼִ˸ˡ
˭͵ĳ⿴ȥȴǽ
ɫЩ԰ס
ʱеĻһˡ˵ţת뿪˴ڡ

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ҹͻȻȥ, ﻹǾͦͻȻġýӦòʲôûõ¡
׷ȥȵ׷Ͻʱ, ²ŷֽ첢ǹһ˳ġ
Žһ˻ˣÿ˶վһµŻ, ȫҹ¡ϵĻҲֻܴԷŮÿ˵װ㡣
˵Ӹ˻һҹ£±·һ·չǸЩͬʽ, ܰϵڸǵʵʵҹ¡
ҹͻȻȻͻȻһҹ£ãȻ⵽Ҫʲô, Ȼ֮еһ˵˭
һѡûж˵Уһǵñ֡
ֵе䵭֪鲻ˬı, Ҳ˵ֻǸں澲šʱȴȻһЦ, ѡӦʶ
ʶĻͷ, Ϊ߸˶ɵʵʵ, Ի¾ֻܿһ˫۾
˫۾״ЦҲЦһһ˫۾վǺƵġ
²˼Ķ˵˵˵ͷ, ȻĬĬת˻ȥԼĴڸУŬһˡ
ʵŵҲǸһҪϴδȫ˸һ
ЩһܣǶ£ֻ֪¶ӳţƣǴǸ˳ӳ治׵ˣ׵Ȼǰġ
ҺڲȼĲлͨ»溦ʶĿĻᱻ˰˳ɾλµǵʱʶģ˵Ӧʶ
ӻ²ϰߣǰϽʲôĶһ˰ģڶ˸עĿȻ̧ͷһ׼ĸͬС
ŪϢȸ黹š
¾ǰĬĬţҲͷҲ˵һһĬֻͷ·֮˾Ҫܶˡ
ԭԼԼºװɫ˽òǸϳ˸˿һЩ˶ݲ˼Ȥ
ԭǸ°һŮ˵
ղžһֱͷҲ˵ӻеƵģ˵װװر񣿹ôĿ
Ȼʹһøһ㶼񡭡
Щں˵˼仪ѾnεĻĶԺ죬ִŵĲͷװԼһ
Щ֪ǡ硱ӦҲ֪ĿһԱˣ֪֪ĻûиһЩأ쿪ʱûпЩˣ롣
䲻һδ˵ˣŵ˵ͦģ˷׷˵¸һ㶼黪Ҳ²ˣ˵Ͳɣ˵ɶԡ
һŻ£һ߲Ž콭ѻ½йԭʲôô˵¾ǲͷֻһ׸ǡ
ƽﲻ˵ĸʵǽΪδҹ£ϵĳЩʱ˳΢ѳˡʵΧȻ׵ĸоȴܸһĪĳĬԻе䵭ĸо
ǸܲԼΪҹ¶΢仯ƽλȾͻʵ˵ƤȥˣʱĽţ¾Լֱ仯㲻
ΪʶҪȥĵطġ
ϵĹ߻Щֲ·Ǻܿ죬ǾһϤĵطŻ¾ͿǰĽͣȻ˵˾䣬
һӱð
û뵽ҹȻ¥¥ͷҲֵҹ˵ģļֵܷҹĴŷΧȣѾǰˡ
طȫӵ״̬ø߶ȽԾķСˣЩ˵ĹĿǰ㲻ϢҲûʲôѹ
ϢˣԼҲֻϢϢǸܵζûš
ʲôûס˽ҲڲֵҹΧʹҲüĴ
ĬһҪȥȫˣûʲô飬˳¥һ¡
֮ͷʺš
磬ˣ⵹Ҳء
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ڻ˵⸽ű۾ذɡ
ˮ֣ʮ֮ͤĵط϶ҿڣ¥ǡ
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ͳһ̣ȻԺ֮ɢ߸˶Ϣţûᵽ̣¾ĬĬԱ߿ӵ뷨ǡ磬ԭʼô򵥴ֱ
һֱӲǡ״еԻ·֮ͬѣ±ԼͻȻð뷨һ¡
Ϲʱ򣬾˸ȥƣǼ˳žȥ
뾮ڼ׵ĵطԿһЩڳεĿնֵҹԵȥʱ˳Ǹֹһʱܵʲô谭
¿Ǽɱ֣ʵ¥滹еС壬רŷġǿն֮мأʹҲõǰ⼸˸ɱˡ
ˡҡҡͷαأֲҡ
Ϊչ˻µ˼һ·ߵĲ̫ǻ¿е㼱
ϡ·һբʱҲò˿ڣСĽţϵĻΣˡ
բþʯɵģΪ˷ֹ̫˴룬濪ʱģ濪ʱܴ󣬶ҿһֻм롣
Ϊ˸Ͻ뿪ߣҲֻܿһΡ
¿һĹȥԼںҲߣĬĿ˹ȥ˭֪ȴȻ顪ʯź䡣һУֱֱĳŶеĵڶ˳Ϊ˶о۳˰ģȻҪͷľʯС
ʱĻºȻһѣѸײڶٶһǰ˾ʯ
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лҪ˵
ξ顭Ǵgcǰ̵棬Ҳֵ֣ҴgcˣѰ˼С̵滹дȻС̵ϡ
ȿȣŬҪš
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ȻǸгɾ͸е, Ҳû鲻ԽĿʼϱûԼδġ
ʵ¾ܲܳɹһ⣬˵ЩɹĽ¥ڲӦʧأ˵ֻʣ½һˡ
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Ҳ̫ˡ⼸˼ôöûһ, ̬Ҳɵ÷ƽһЩԱĬĬذָɵһء
¥ڲȫ϶һġΪһ¥ȫ򶼴ˣȻ¡ȻԽ, ܵĶԽͬ
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ڵµ¥ʪʹȫϵСҲܳ£¥ĵطȣѾʮůĴˡ
¥Ľ¥صָΪ¥ֻһ¥ڽϵΧЩ¥֩һ, Χס
ڵǸ¥¥ԶýϽ¥ˣȻǸ¥һƬɽһЩôƵġᵽ˿޵ѪζԶƺŮ˵ĺ͸ĵص任Ϊһ˵
ط治иŮС˵šҶ޵ĸܵУһֺܷĹڴҵССĵطͻεķŴĿ־УֲķΧˡ
ǽܿü޵Ѫ¥Ѫȵ¶ȥˣǰס¥ǽڵϵģԼʹŪҲܺǽھҪһЩϾĶǱصʯͷ
ЩѪһһѪȲб顣
µĻûЩѪҲûôŨѪζûŮ˵ĺ
еȻʶ˽Ŀʲôڽĸ´ֻȥȫôһӡһֱظȫĹһڽУͳġӡӦþǰģʶһ°ɣ
һȸ²ȫͲһĹӣǻ¾гһĻҲӣ»衣
֧ȫǿŻ´·ġ·ӳԼ¥ĥ漼ɻеı֮޴ַĵ·֧ҴܡܵԼһֻˣ֧ûϹһκһˡ
¥֧Ķпǰ죬˶²һ䣬Ƕȥ˯ôһֵҹĶûУ
̫ԾС˵¥ʵЩԾ
ǿֲİڶߣȻɵķߡǳ˿⣬ǾȻҲҲκһ˿л˵ļˣյģһ
ȻҪŻ½¥Իᵽʲôл˵ֻ֡һ˿ССĲͬôĵĸı䣬ıֲ֪Բ
ԽߣѪζԽء´ΪٸЩӴĶˣĿǰоãֻһһĴ·ǸǼͲôһˡ
ǻٶһЩ̫򶨵е˽ĿʼоͷΣȱ״е𽥵ķƺҪƻΧʲô
ǶԣԽ߾;Խ꣬ͺǿѪζʲô
ѿڱסȻ˿ڡ
ļæǰĻֵĻͷһۣ˵ôͻȻ˵ôһ仰
һֱûܵʲôܵĵطѪζĿ˵Ҳ˵㣬˽˵ĸܣȻýĻ֡
˵Ҳ֣ȵϢϵȻļ˺ܺܶࡣ
Ŵھ϶ûִôȽôѾ˳ˡ
ţȻһտĵطط֪ģϵѪ࣬طƺǿһˡ
䲻СĵصôһطЩ·ĻҲǡ
Ϊһ·
㿴ңҿ㣬˭֪ô¡ΨһһĿǽӸոտʼʲôҲ˵
ЩãȻĿһȦӣİӵʱ˵Ӧ¥ļ֮һˡ
˵Ҳ֣Ϊʱ·ϻһЩˣΪʹҲ߳һһ˵·Ϊ¥Ͳû˰ص·ߣǾһ·ƽµ¥ڲһ䡣
ȻܿգһЩڽĵĴʯͷһЩɢģƾɵĹ߶ѷҲ¥ڲһطˡ
Щ֣³Ͽ˿ҪȱĵطԸһЩһʮֹŹ֣ڹŴĵط
ȴܾǰЩ죬
ȻҲֻǵİ¥ֵҹϰ·ģ߹հ˹վȻһͬҲ˵Ϊ¥ûطֻǻҪֳȥµ÷СʱҪ֪ļʵ̫ӴˣһЩϸ֦ĩڵĶҲ
ĪԤУʲô
ûˣЩɻ˵
»һȦһֱͼѰԼЩΥ͸еĶһȦȻûз֡
ףӦð
Щɻȴͷȥܿﻹûбĳڡ
飬ʼɢȥԭ뿪ȰҲҪ߶ģΪĿǰ״ҲЩ֣ò̫׼ǰǼط״̫һҲΪղŽ̫Ը˴ɡǻתһֱ˿ڡ
Ȳ˵óȥܵΥ͸е׳
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¥¥ֵطĵ²ͣĺ˼룬ƺǰס¥ûôһطѵûпͨĵطҲпܣϾΧкܶɢĹߡ
еһһŮյصţߵĵطѷʯԶԶĿͦ׳ۡ
ǳ߹ȥ󣬻ºȻͷǵķһۣ˼ҲϢĸ˹ȥһ顭
лҪ˵˽ûоҽһ㡣СѩȻ(
Ȼò֣Լֱˡ
ҾͲҸcpˡ
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ҿһ±ԭ򣬾ұۣȻҲ졣
λĳĳ£ԭƼ˶ȥĳĳǽƽַ̨֧ǽ档
ϾҾд˼ҵͬˣҾûһ£ڿڽûҪ
ţٶĲ²ˣаɣ㿴Ҷ˵ɶҲ˵ɶƽ̨ԼﶮС

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ʵ첻ǻ, ֮ҲȫǱġ
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, ҲӦòʲô°ɣôɹԱߵһ˿ʼο
һʵ´, Щ˵ǽ, ˵ͬ¡
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ܻŵıϵܸߣЩȫ֪ݡˣЩϳҲ֡
Щ֮ǰٸЩнӴ˵ǰһжɢΣյϢ, ڲᷢʲôҲҪȽǸһЩ
˵ǰʱ˲С𣿡һѰһѰŸûʲô·˳ھ
˵ҹһ˹ȥһЩԳ˵ҲûʲôϵͷҪʲôҲǵġ
֪ٵҲ, ֪ԽٻԽһ˵
ǰʱ˵һ£֪𣿡Ǹ˳Ĭһ֮󣬺Ȼ˻ϻӡ
ʲô£
ǰʱ䲻Ƿ˷Ƶһ𡣡Ǹ˵ʼСܿ˿֪Щ˶ȥʲô𣿡
ʲô
һһ˵Żת˸ʱ˵ıȻ֣ΪǶѾʯ棬ǿһ޵ĺ죬ЩʱԲãΪʱõĺ΢΢ڣЩɫʵġ
һǲ̫ˡǸŵһҪʲô¶ûУǾųȥɡ
һȻҲ̫ˣҲû˵ôֱӣЦȰһ䣬ӳĻɡⲻС硯ʲô
˵⻰ͿЦһ£磿
һִҶζ
Ů֪νǸƳĿܶѣҲֻȰ˵ģʱ̧Ҳû˵ʲôƻյĻֻǸںĬĬš
ţ˺Ȼ˸ոΪΪѪϵĻ⣬һȺˣȥģ½ϵһЩˣҲеһ
Ů˾ȵ۾ʵʱ˸ðƵ磬֪˾͸㲻žڸʲôϾǿһٵȥ鱨߼еͨʵʲȴȫܵġ
ϾҸٵȥðڹϵĵһɱ֣ӣ
˭֪ôһȫͷļƻȻôãҾȻ˹ģҲǸŮ˸ովһ롣
ǰʱ͵һЩǸ˼˵Щ˶Ʒ󶼻ġ
Ů⻰￩һæϣװû仰Ҳû磬ͬʱﰵпֻ࣬ǵ˵˵һգԷȻ˵ûûڵģһСҲϢ
ȻֻҲ˴ƵĿԣϾŮҲ̫죬ŮҲǸʲôˡ
˵Ǿ仰˵Χ㳹׵ľˣֻżĺ΢Ĳȶʯ
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տĵطˣǻ¸ղĳǽϿһЩľָӳĺۼֺۼĳ˼طӳȥһ
طûбϣΪʲôҪӳȥ¥ڲôôһϵĵطأ
ǰʱԼ˵һ¡¥ɱִǴĺӣЩһЩĹ¶Щ¥ᾭһ顣
һȺ˱һطɱһ˺󣬲ܹΪ¥ɱ֡
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²Ǹͣڹ۲Լߣûв´ĻпֻһСӣǼСӡ
ЩСӿɷǱѰܹоǵѲвֻɱһֺ΢ģ֮ǰƺֻʱŸܵϢ
ϢȻСȴûһˡܵĸоһͷţһ첼һϡһ㵱總ԼʱԼŻᵽֶѪȺ˿ͷĸо
ָоʵǱѰϸԲʲô£øô£Ǿš
ݻµľ˵Ѫˡܵġʮ**Ǻ͹йصġСǹƣϢǸشϢ
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ŵţҲŵΧȺڿ̽Ŀڴʲô⡣
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ȻµĶߺȻĳһСӵЦ
䲻һ͸һΪ˻ûеڶ
ڶ΢һ㻹ȽŹˣֱŸˣ˭һսʿ
ĵ룬ѽ⼸Сͦʰ
Цɣһῴôץ
ǲ֪ץ֮ǻܲЦôʡ
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ΧƷĹõĺõĶһЩӣ֮Ķ˿ʵЩ֣ҪҪȲҪǰߣȰϢ߽ʱȴȻһС΢Ŀ
Ůһ㶡ת˹ȥȻͷһСھʯĺ棬СĳţһܼªƾѣϻЩںڵģһ͸¥زСӡ
էһǸӣŮҲ˹ȥ˾СһԶĵطСʣСܵܣôˣ
ǸСк̧ͷ˵ǰץüˣȥȥ

ȫС

˵ĳᵽӵľŮ˺С, 䲢ûڻĿǰڵ硣
ο¥ץ¶ĴҲֻһˣŮ˿СʶľΪԷӦǱ¥ץĹ¶
ƾɵ·ҲʲôǮ˼ҳǸСؤֱϻһ˻˿ڣӦǲСײ˾ʯϱԵĵط
ǸȻҲ˵µСֹһ, ôСȴҲ˹Ů˲վš
¥׽𣿡Ůʵһ˵һ߰, ˵Ҫ£һǾʹȥȱޣҴȥ˺𣿡
СкûŮ˵Ļ, ɵͷĿš
ղھʯǰȫûǰСкĿ޷ڸո̤տĵطʱӦˡ
һŮ΢΢Щ, ʱ˿Ҳûôࡣ
ץסСкĸ첲ȴȻǱһ¡
ֵĴʵЩ}ˡ
ץסһСӵĸ첲ֵֻһƬ, ⺢ӵƺ˵¶ȻҪ䡣
Ůµʱּ䲻ĸо, ָоͷ, ѺӶ, ͻǴԭûж
ôһڵ϶ſ޵СквҲǲܵġ
˿ΪúǸ׸ĿǹʲôǸŮЩ, һֱǱȽеġ
СкҲ̧ͷ˵ǱվŵҪҽӳȻٿôС
ô鷳ʲôʡ˹ͷʣСôģΪʲôûˣ
˵ʣСкȻֹס˿
һֱͷԼСС˫֮䣬һ۾һ˵Һ͸㱻һץ˹Ǳˡ
Ȼ¥ǰץġŮ֮ЩҲٿģְǸӱȻĺ󱳣һһ˵ھȥҽӳȥɣȺ¥˹Ȼһ
ǽǵĻ¸оԼϥһ
Ůһʯ֮һ߶ţһԼԴǸԽԽЦ˵ֻһļ
ӦǣӦʲôͨĶģ
һޣһôĶЦ
иǡ
ۻôܣԲʮڣֻСкһ˰
¾öԷԼȤЩĹ֣ͬһһŮ;ûŵЦ
֪ϢģͷһοȾġ
¾Լĸ֪Ӧòزڵʵ״СкһͷޣһڶﴫЦ
⺢Ӱ˳ɲ߻ħǵ͵ľѰɣ
ǸӻͷޣʹŮ˱ҲûκεķӦ
СֲͣĲԼᣬŮ˼Щۣʶһ䣬һĸͽأǶȥˣ
ǶǻˡСкͷҵĶԣ۸ңڻҡ
㣿ŮЩ֣Ⱥӱһ¥ץģô˵˴֮ҲӦЩĬУôСкأ֮䵽׷ʲô
뵽Ů˾ʣô㣿أ
ôһطӦòֻôһСӣܶȳȥҲãŮ˵뷨ʮֵļ򵥡
ҰŪˣҰ۾ŪϹˡСкܵ˿ǻ⣬һ˿ͯ޼ɵĸо
Ȼ˵⻰պȻһ͡
СкĻŮ˺˲Լͬһ£˵ĽŲͣ
仰ÿǶʶΪʲôƴһȫ㲻ˣ
춼ңҲץǳǾͲҡСкһ˵һ̧ͷ
һ˿ʹ࣬һ˿ãȻһ˵һһָֻԼԴڲңҲ֪ôŪ
Ск̧ͷһ˲䣬ӳŮ˺еģĺ졣
Ǻɫӳ۾޲ıʯűʯһĸо
޵ĺ죬Ķ⡣
㡣Ск˵ܰҰŪ𣿡
˺Ůûг
ĺɫһƬܹ˵ѪһεĿסʹ޷ѡ
ʵǸոտǺӵ۾ʱѾһˡ
ָоȫµĸ֪Ѿһ֪ڷʲôҲΪ־һϵеķӦȴκεĶǱһεסˡ
ϸ룬ƺֲһȻȻһַӦ
ַӦʳݶϱԼǿĲʳߺɵĸоһֶѵС
ǵ彥̱˳ʯڻ䵽˵ϣ̶Ϣһƾ硣
ֱʱǲոСкƺǲûп˵ġһֱǵͷƺһһϣûзκǸոǸһֱûֹͣĿûɵġ
ֲáӸոտʼһֱû˷СкΪȷʵûзκ
ûдչҲΪǵĶֱġ
Ƭյ֮һƬţ˺Ů˵Ķȴ֣ͬǸСӵԺӡ
ˣˣһ̶СŮǵĶǾ𣿡
һккģû˯һˣҲϲ棬Ҳϲǣ
ָӵĺӵСкϴ˷ʱ˿˺Ů˲ŷָոСкΪʲôһֱͷ̧ˡϵı鼸ʱ޿̲ڱģַŭģɥ˵ıϿ޷лʱлٶǵ۾ϡ
û¡һոӦСкıҰѸͽҲ͹ȥǾܰҰץˣǾͲôˡ
˺ŮѾǰ˵ǵ׸һкԱ߿ƷĹһȻվ￪ʼȻ
кܳһʱ䣬ǵ˿־⼸ʣκζӳڼĵط߸ˣʱ˿ȴ׸²úǻȫûʬ塣
һӣ
ôܻô
ǵĿ־;۷ʱ򣬺ȻһĴǿʯת˳һѷĵߵСк
ڳˡкʮֿĵĻͷһΪ㲻ϳأҪǲһɾҪȥ˰
Ů˺˶Ȼһ£ȻִӾʯתǸǻ¡
߰ŮƴҪѻ£ǸûҲֻƴغȴֻͽ͵ĵɴ˫ۡ
¿кϲõЦָһԼҲôҳܿģ
кƺµʸʵãȻһ£Цŵͷš
µͷĿСкҲЦˡ
ЦҲᣬֻƺ˸Скһĵϲá

Ҳһ

¿ˣһǾԼ˹ˡ
ͨŲû֪ǵ, ղŻ¸ں͵һ, ֮еǸе֪黹ͦ, ±͵͵Ķһ㣬˭֪ͱЦˡ
¾ûǸ˽Ļ, ҲûЩΪʲôһƷ
ͷ, ĿǸкӵղ͵һЩ, ء
µͦģȴԱߵµ˵ĺ⡣
ǱΪͻСк, æתȥ֪ͨ, øһֱӵ
ڵľٶȴ֮ǰԤȫͬ
ͦĶСк˵˻Ա˵ôأ
ԺǸЦӸոտʼʧˣսǸкӵʱĶҲڵϵһĴӻ, ô򵥵ķֱ滪¾, кҲŮӡ
, ľ¥ץһ¶Ҫ, Ҳûʲô˭֪˸츳СֱӰСɵˡ
ΪɱССǰһЩı仯űɱЩʵûǲ
ҲһҲŪڶΪһ˼ʹǵ˼Ҳֻһ˼άȥ˼, ǷֳԼԴﻥ򡭡ǰСкЩˣ״ҽѧͽо֢Ҳ׳Ƶ񾭲
ǸСкƺΪΰѻ¸ɱ۲ݣкü˽
ϵζϤǲھͰɱˡ
ǺϤϤζ
Ѿ˵ˣ˵˶Ҫǡ
ǱӳȥڵʱѾˣɱǾͻᱻǰֵġ
ɱǻӲȥɱɱ
룬⺢ͦ񰡣Ȼ˵Ϥζ
ֻζ֪µģԼġ
ԱѾز˾ԼͷƤҪըˣܻ״£Ƕ˵ַӴܳأϧڶãֻ￴ǡ
ָоãܡ
Ǹˣͫ׶ѾŴˣڱǽȴ亹ע
ϳǸСкʲôˡ
ڲϳ֮ǰãһϳŨŨľ
Ӧǹ
ôй
Сܵܡ²û˵ǲ˸Скһġ˵ʽ첢ûпϣȴһƬյϡ족ɱ˸𣿡
Скƺǵͷһ£Ȼ̧ͷ˵룬˵롭ǳĺ
ۻ£˫ɫ۾ǸϲϲһأӦûϲİɣ
ĸкӵͷԱ˵˿˶ˣ˵ʿ԰ȻͨСͷһȥ
ƺĿ룬ȻǸЦСкһȥ棬ǸԴ˿²Ӧء
ԱΧ۵ıŭǾȳȥˣȻԻ·ֶˡ
˵ɶ
ԴˣСкԱµĻŪһ¡
ƺ仰ŪĲһᣬȻԥԥʵ硭ԴҲ𣿡
ûСܵôµͷЦԴֻһˡ
ƬյƺǳĬ˼룬кǾûװŪΧЩϸڲͬСӵͣһ롣
һᣬڻµĶֻԼһ˵Թ
һ˵Դôܻһأ
СҲ֪ǴǺͿոԼͦĵģȻַ˻¡
˵˻ûа˵㽲ѧѧ㽲ѧ
Ҳû档
Աߵ˱ΪֻǵŪСģ˭֪¾ȻԽ˵Խ棬ϵıҲԽԽ죬ЦݣȴǰСк֮ƣƵѾȥԷ
ҪԴһ𣿡µ˵
СкǸԹĿ⿴Ż£ĿдʱҲҲոյģһƬǣ·˻ĳޡ
ֱֱĿ˻ºþãͷ·ڿһ֪ˣȻЦ˵ðҿǡһˡ
ôһ˲䣬˶ΪԼҪˣϾۿžҪСк˿ʹӣƵȻ±ŭСкǾǽ·ġ
ǸԹӸոСкƶϳк¥Ҳ֪˵šֻҪʱ䣬ǻôһ·
ž¥кСке𣬵СкбȣԸ¥У벻պһСкģ˵
Ӱĥˡ˵ﺰΧĿƺһţ־гĵס
ΧڲͬСӵ͸ոûκε
ɾڸոСкӦһ룬ƬյϾͺȻһ˿ա
һεĴϿգ߬ס˵࣬˴
˼룬һصģƫԣ˷ֲŮҺ
Ҳû˵ʲôĻֻ̾һ

ʲô𣿡ȥĽѰʱȻ͵Ļͷ˸ոջȥķȻɿĳǸط˹ȥ
ӳ˶һæǱߵķ˹ȥֻǵٶôϽ
ȻȵǸϵʱֻ˾ʯһƬյأһڵϵСվĻӳеԱ
ʲô
ҲûļʲôæŵڵϵŶѹȥˡҪѽм򵥵ľΣȴϲûʲôԵ˺ֻۣǵıŵ˶ѡ
ô⾪žͻᱻŵ̶ȣ
˫۾ΪʲôһֱֱĶŻ£
һԱַڶԷǰ˻ΣͼöԷ۾ջַº󣬶ԷĶŻ¡
һݾĿѡ
Ա˿£ֿ˿ľͷ˶Ա
ȻĬĬؿ˿ǰĽ˳ۣǲɵˡ
ûɵֻǱŵˡǸСкϾȻظĸо˶лǿȥ
¹ȥæ̧˵ˣǻĶԼƶƶе㲻˼Цһ¡
һðƻװѵǺ

ͷ

Скŵ˸ĸһ, Ȼ󱻻¸, ʣµ˵˷ֱ𱻽һ˱š
Ŀǰ˵, ǵ״, ǱӦüȥ, ΪͷôС, õ, ˵ǲСĸ
»ĵط, ﷴ˵ȤȤԴڸոմǸСкϢ
ǸСкιȥǰһֱԴĺһֱһ˵֣Ǹ˾Ⱦ
Ǹֶֽ
СкһʼԼں߰˸Сһ, Ǹֱ, ѻ¶Ӱˡ
һ߸пСľʢ, һð˸ʮͷԼɲСкһ״ͬƵ˵أ
ܸоаϾкɹ޷ǾΪ, Լһ˿϶Ǹ㲻ͬʱ˵ЧģǼ״, 촽Ķ
˻ºȻԼһ˵ļܣȻѵĲκơȿȣȰ״ͬ
ʱŻµƤ˵״ڶһƤ˶Կͣ߷Ǹаĳܴﵽ䲻Ч֤˶ܱס

Ȼ, Ŀǰ˵ûɶԣҪȰ״һϣԻҲûٶ롣
ȽϸȤǸֶˡ
¥ɱ֣¥¶ֻȫףԽϡסջǸбʶȵϡ
֮ǰ²Ск¥һȻ⼸͵͵Ķһֱûб¥˷֡ϾСкô˵ĹҪϢĶһ˻һʱ仹пܵġ
Скô鼱֮ºһ¥ɱֵأ
µͷǸСʣ˵˵ֶʲôˣ
Скͷ죬ȴκһ࿴һۣԱߵļ˿ŻµǸưͣ
Ա˵Ż仰ﶼ¶һ˿̻СҪǸư͵ˡ
ɴЦݿС˫ͦº͵۾ɫӣȴСкŵһ£Ա˵Ҳһ¡
Աߵ˶û̫ע⵽ϸڣ˵ע⵽ҲûǶʲôҲûܡ
ֶԱ˵˻ȴղŲԼͬһµˣԼ°͵λʶǰһͦɱ֣ͦˣΪأԭͦˡ
Скһᣬµͷֶǰɣ㲻ңһȥɱˣȻٰû㿴ܲأ
ĻԱͬʱ¶һ˿ֱӵСк˲ȥֶǾǵˣǸˣ
ǵˣһ㶡˵ôȵǣ
ﱻ˺þãûгԵģֿʡСк˵ֶ͵͵ĹҵǣǸˣǳԵĺͺȵģ͵͵ĶţҪһʱ͵͵İǾȳȥȻ͵͵ǡ
Ск˵ֵֹģֻһˣȴһֱáǡ
ǣòƾеȦӣܻڣô˵ҲǸ˰ɣҪ¶ɵ飿αô鷳
һСкµĻͷҪǣ
¿Скǳֵһ¡
Ŀǰط˵ǿܲСкôظĻʲô˼ǻһӾˡ
Ϊ¥еСɱ˵ܹͻȻһ˶˵ҪҰǼʮѵ顣
µļͳֹôһ¡
Скôһ˵˲׽ôһˡվǸֶԼʲôʱ𣿡
Ск˲ͱ죬˵ˣ㻪ŻҲ˵ܹĳܺ»()Ծյģ۾ǲĳŻ¿
ȴû̫£ҲȻΪʲôȴӲ߳һû˿ص·ǹġĿĲΪŪһû˿ص·һš
ǽʱЩزɱУɱж˵ʮֵΣգͨ¥ɱҲͬΣգֻܶ¥˲ŶϤ
˺ܾõֶ˵Ҳһ
ֲǹģĿľΪרŲóһֶʶĵ·
˵ôʱ岽һأ⿴Ҳ̫ˣϾ¥ǴӪһ˵ⲼôɱУԭôһ
°Ск
ǸСкԭرĺ»£ôһ˶סˣĸһʯͷһ
ûСкĽӲСкƺܱ׼ӱ˵ĽǶⱧСƻͦ׼ġ
׼˳ʱ·һۣȻⱻ׼·˵ʱ·Ͳʲôŵ
ƺڼǸСкҲû˼ȥ˼϶Աתͷ׼ȥԥһ𣿡
㻹Ҫߣ΢΢Щȣԥһ׼ʲô
ղСк˵Щ顣µȥ˳ûĺۼ
ջǱ˵ˣȻܸһȥ㼸ԱȥҲûʲô飬˼˸£µ˼ЩȫûбҪҲ̫ķԣΪǾ̫ˡ
¾ý϶ΪԼĴ󱬷ŻСкߣ˳ҵǸֶòڽôµ衣
ȻԱ۾ɵøһĶƺѽʲôֻ˵ڡ
±Скߣ˳ʱǸȫǻص·ߣ·Ҳþǳȥ·һߣһ߹۲ǽں͵ûʲôʾĶ
¥Щ¶Ҫʲô롣һǰСкҲһ𣿰ץ¥ȻǣЩЩСɱֵбһյյƣָǰ
Ȼ͵¡
Щߣڵı鿴ûа㲻ͬͫɫϤ˶֪Ѿһˡ۾ڶѨﵽĻţȻĳطĻƵЩԡ
Ȼһ·ϻضģطĻҪ΢һ㣬ϸһעⲻģҲֻдʱ״̬ȫעĻ²Ųһ˿Ծ
һ·ڲԶ¿·ľ룬ĬĬؼһ£ȻΪ˷ֹתʱһֱӱ˵Żôġ
˵ֶͦˣ˲Ҳпܵİɣ
߰ɣ˳·ߡתͷԽ˵
˵žǰߣ̧ͷʱȴȻӷϿһССͼͼһֻ
һӾŸͷڶѨĶϣÿһͷ·ڶ·ˡ

Ĺ

ֱ, ǰ濪·, ŵ, һ, һԪ򣬶ǼżˣΣԶǺܳȵġ
ǸڻµĺҲһֱûг, ܻ±Сһ·ǰ˶Զ
´Ӹոһֻͷ·, Խ߾Խöߵ롣һ㡣һֱǻĶߣǶڰһ
ӦǰһΣ˵طĵηΧǲ̫һ㣿¼ǵԼ¥ĵξֻкСһ
ߵ¥ҲûҲе¥Ҫܸ, 󲿷¶Ǳ¥¥ȥﱨҴ֮ǰ統ЩҲ, ֪ж棬Ǳ˹ġ
ֱϾԼǰһֵܷʲô˼ĶǰߵıȽж
ȻҲ˿Լ², ˵ǳʲô˽˵ĿġһֱֵĻż˼ӿٶ, Ҫ¡
ǸСкһֱڻµĻﾲشţ۾Ż¿ôǸɰСȻɰһϵûС
ƺǹ۲˻ºܳʱ䣬ȻȻĴյĶߣʮС˵, 磬˺ְ
ôˣߴڱһ籾˲Цݴ
ûתͷΪ֪СкǴʣµ˸
Скʲôǿ֢֮ʹǴҲ˵һĶյµĶߣ컹Ŷ
һΪʲôҪװһأСк
תͷСкһۣЦȻͼһ˿ֻСкܿĳ
ҡͬˡ
ǣڲǡ
ǸСкҲ֪ûһֱ˫Щ˵۾ضŻ£Żµһһ
±Скһ·ڣ·ںȻͳԱءۣζ֮߳ǰ·Ծˡ
ǰ˶¥ɱֵ·ǻû˾˭ͺȻǰһڣȻ˫˫˵ϡ
ڻֱĿ°ɱֵϣֽãȻϵ·Ӹ˵ϡ
˾ܻЩãȻ˵Ļ·
ãȻԭҪǱ¸ղ¶һָŵˣΪǵĿл¡ûôϾŵΪ˴ԭǵ͵
Ϊԭ˲û·ſһ׼ô
Ҫ߾ͺáµдһ˿˵
תͷһԲĴ·ȻСкǰߡ
ƺ˵ЩʲôǵطʱԣԻ·һԲĸŻǰ
½չֳԼ˵ġݡһ·ϴŵնǸСкһԣֻǾؿţͷ͸ڻµĲ
ҲԼĴ¶ǰΪȷŸո״иԷĽѵѾ㹻˵¶֮ǰаһɱ
߹˼˰ص·ڣĳɱֵĿ׳˽ĿĲ͸һ顣
һһ˿һһ㶵ģķӦ
´Ǽûз϶ߵ˺ĵط
ڿһӵʣ˵µΪʲôôĺã˵Ϊʲôôţơ
ЩԶδ֮ա
Ȼ±ֵ̫ԶǲһִĪǲôѵ飿¥ԵΣ֮أôô򵥾ܹ߽ĵط
ȻǾĪѡ˾ô
֮ǰǹª˰ΪЩֻǳ񣬲ûʲô汾أһϵƣǸҲʲô
ղôһ˲䣬ǲһ֡Ǵ¥Ĵ
ַǳõĸоҲ˵ô¡
Ǹոôһ˲䣬ǰǸٵ磬ֱﱧŵǸСкô¡
ǰ˺ǿ֮ǰΪĶҪǿ
ȻǾͿһֱޣһᵶʮֵľ߿һεţĻһ
ǸոǸͣĴĵطʵһ޴ĵΣεźüˣǻɻУÿһϢ
ǶѾȫȻûзӦ֤ݾǵǽʱЩû̧ͷһۣÿϵ·մȾѪֺܳʱûϴˣЩ˾ڵԽ޶ԡ
¹۲ЩˣǸһ֡տǡʧȥ꣬Ϊһ߾ʬ⡣ǸոǽһŮ˷ģȣϵ·ƾɣϵѪҲ࣬ȫ޵ӡ
ǻ¾øӵ˱ŮԶԸǸˣںš
θ˵ĸоʮֵѹ֣Щ⣬ǽϻһ
Щǰͼ
ͼõģǼ黭ȻʱЩֵİͼȴﶼһּϢ
ЩͼѾ˺ܳʱˣɫѾˣСӴߣһӦͣȴǿЩˡ
Щͼڻ¿Щ壬Ŀǰ˵ס
˹ȥӿǸڰŮˣŮ˵еֱģۻ£Ҳ
һ˲Ů˸µĸоϤϱ硣
˵սľ˹ǿÿһ϶źصļϻм˸Ǳģǵϻɼǵ˺ۡ
°Ск˵ϣȻߵդǰĹ۲ǸŮˡ
Ů˴ǲ˻µעӣȻֹͣ˰ӽ˳̽ͷŻ£ͷ¶ľȻһŻ
¿ŮˣŻͦƯЩ㲻ԷôŪģϾ˿ǴС㣬Ӧñ
ɻʱ򣬺Ȼи˻˵ˡеϤһʱ벻˭
»ͷ˵ԪȰȥҡ
һ˴˳ȥȻߵһССУҵһССķ䡣
ʱûˣϰһյŵ͵ơ
˻ûԶ΢΢Щţո˵Ŀ˿ϰڷŵš
ַһţȻͻȻһ¡
ֻһֽϣȻĶǡ硱֡
лҪ˵ûɶ顭̵ֵдҾȤһ㣬ʵ㣬һҲͽˣڿԲͷͺ(ͷ)
ͷŶ=أ=



ͻȻôطһѡ硱, ²˵ԼƵ, ëëĸо
ץʱ䷭˷Ϊʲôʱ, һĿʮеĿġ
˭², ǹϵЩϢػǸĳպ
Щ޾ϸļ¼統¥ճĶϿ, ڵ绹¥ʱһֱڹ۲, û׼¶۲, ʶһû¾еģǿȥ
ʮ峿, ɱ, 
ʮգ䣬δ쳣
·ŷ, ȻеһҳϵˣһԭǶϵ, ֮ĶûˡȻʶʲôüͷ˷ڡʮաͣһᣬȻʶ¥ܳȥʮš
ⶫľǡ硱ճ
ëȻ
¥ʱûֹȻڼ¼ЩΪԼ¥ǻСģ˭֪ʮǰһġ䡱¼
ʱȷʵΪ˵ڶҪеǣֻΪԼڵĺܺãûбκ˷֡
Ҳ֤˻µαװĻСĵ, ԸҲ㹻Ҳⳣ겻ϵؼҲоӻˡ
¿еЩľڡػСй۲¼һЩ˵ļ¼
Щʱûж˼һ̫̫࣬ǻҲûװʲôҩ֮ġе⼸˿ûпĸ
ЩװõһϵݵĲ⣬ЩɢĶ¿ЩЩòƾ͸ûʲôϵˣǽϵһЩ鱨֮ġ
»ԼһС鱨ңƽӦþǴЩġû˵鱨ңԿԿĳ鱨Ҽʹ¥ҲǸԶԱȽεĴڡ
ҲܽطΪʲô˵ƫƧҲûʲôˡ
ܾе֣˵ôҪһطӦòһɱжõģΪ￴ȥûκ쳣ӣ
ɻ󣬻תҪطȥ֮ǰһʮֲԸºȻʶӦѡ
סУеţԼѴҪطҸϡãڶһˣĸ״аϡá
»»ǵŵˣ¾ԼҪҸϡãǾԲܻųȥˡ
ؼʱ̾Ȼ£Ҳеϣȴ֪Ŀǰô˵ҲǸԵʱẦ˵ġ
Ի¼ĿסƿȨߣڷܵչһԼԴҲҡҡλεģײ˰ڷһԵ̨Ȼֲˤڵϡ
еվԹߵӽ׼ûǷʲôˡ
һ߸ȨһﲻͣȰȰͻȥպʱ͹ұ֤
ײһߵǽϣϵĶӿڴﻬ˳һڵϷʶĻͷһۣͿһССģӲӵĽڵϡ
ԴεССĻʱȴȻ⻨ǻĶҲǻı־֮һ
⻨Ǿʹһţ¥˵Ҳһơڻ˵ȴһİѱ
һ¥֪ѾİѱͬʱҲûպһٴΡİѱǸַʽĻ
¶Ը˽˵˵ͬ
ʱ̻Ҳ֪ԼôͺȻԻ·˳ͨ裬ѻȻɿ˸ոհڷһѾڵϣһССĻȣȻһСط
һ̣һһ˲ƺǴһ¡
ʵʵһ¡
ºܸܵ¶һ˿УϾڻµӡټ
ļžų˼룬ºȻ͸оԼͬˮȥ
˵Ѿ˶ȨᣬƺʱҪ졣
ڵϣԼüס
û뵽ĵһΣվȻԼѡ
µҲطˣһִ̼ѣȻط˵ҲӰģͻȻߣΪڿһһľʱ㱩ߡ
ʱתͷ۱ϵĽССȴ羫µĻͰӵ룬ҫ۵Ĺ⡣
Ҳûж࿴תͷ˳ԭ·˳ȥȥʱЩСģǼڱһЩķʽϣŵ֪£ȥʱٶȾͱʱҪ
˸ոչ»ûȿȣﴫһ΢Щֵƺ֮еһںôˣһ㣡
￩һ£æ˹ȥͿդ࣬豧Ԫ򣬱סԪȫޣȻҲһİš
ôˣµͷҲصĵ֪ղǻúõ˵ŻأȻͺȻһ֮ǰһֱ˵ζŲţԴΣҪȥ
ôһ˵²źȻڸոսʱȷʵŵһѪζϢȴζûκθоһֱûζʲôֵģΪֻ¥̫˲ŵµζ
СкһֱվһߣƺҲûκηӦǸͬȣڿЩǡ
㲻ҪģϾͳȥˣȻǾȥҴ򡣡ҲЩûףȴҲֻļ˵
˭֪⻰͵Ļͷôܲģ㿴Ԫڵӣ㿴
תͷһ˲䣬µǱһ͵ķ
췭ظ
סͬŵ֪ʲôʱȻҲѾһƬѪ졣
ԭȵһ˲ʮֿµı飬͸դЩһһ˲仪ֲǵ˭Ƿˡ
迴ŻǴһջȥ֣ŷϺȻһ˿ͬѰ侲˵ŻµôˣôͻȻȥˣ
ͣ˼󣬺Ȼʣҵҵʲô
ĶŻµ۾´˫͸ĺ۾￴ԼӰӡ
Ȼס˶Է۾ŵĺᣬʲôûУǾҪȥˣҴߡ
תͷǸոջһվſСкûȥˣҵĲӣҾͲˡ
¸оԼϵȻ˺ܶ࣬ҪƵġס˵Ԫһֻ裬ɿĳʱĳȥ
лҪ˵˵˲³ס۾ԭԼԴӶԷ۾￴Լ¶ԷҲ۾￴Լ
ԼjojoҲҪ޼̵ˣ00ļ̵һ̵̨ȻǱһҪһµĽ㣡Ҳ㰡
ͷŶ=أ=

ȥľ

ߵ·ʱ, ¾Լ߲ͷ
·˱εǼ, ·ǸžͷĲ··ǵʯţڿ˾, Ȼ˴Ӿ˳
ʱʱҲŹ˰ʱѡһؾͷԼڼϵ裬ո·̫, ¾͸ɴˡ
¹⣬оԼͷҲһ㡣
뵽, ²õǵԪ, ֪, ߻ħƺһ̣ôķûһܹԼָ˵ġ
λͬſҲǸ⣬˿̿һ㣬ոһ·϶ûʲôľٶ¿˫Ѫ۾֪ʲôѾһˡ
ԪҲΧ, ²̫Ѫ۾ΧϤһоʲô飬ǻָܾоʮֵĺá
ߵСк, ڵϵ裬ǰûʲô쳣Ԫ, ΪҲԷ᲻ᷢ衣
ӸոտʼһֱûʾԪʲôܹʶԼѾϳʲô쳣Ķ
ڻ˼ǧʱȻǰԪ˵˾仰
Ƕ
͵̧ͷԪ
ʺ۾ﾹȻϵƽƺѾµʲô
ǵĿж
Ԫ򵭵ĵ
ͻֱӺ, Ȼ۾ƿٿ

»صٲõʱѾҪˣƿţеĴɨһӣѵڶҪõҩãٰɢɢĶʰ꣬׼š
ҹ»ӽ¹һƽ·ʰʱ򣬺ԺԺ˳Ѿ룬Žֵĵ¸磬ôô簡
𣿡ɫδƽٲ𴲵ʱ仹кóʰĶСΪѺԺЩ˵ġ
ƺһ£ҲûУҷҲҪˡ
ͷȻתš̧ͷһ棬ȥҩʱδҲ̫Щ
һһݶϣԼԼõЩһһ˳һ߱ÿӲҵô񣬲ӱƤֻһžɾɵĻֽΨһɫľ鼹дһ֣ߡ
һ˿
һӦһͷˣҲɵһ¿˸ʱǸ¿ĸʽƵݡ
һȰϰδ߸ϲ
ʮգɱˣδ
·жһż¼ҵ飬ҲǸոռ¥顣Ӧòļ¼д󲿷ҲֻǶ̶̵ôһ仰ѣ·¼òƲôϲ˵ϻһ鷢ҲֱӼԹˡ
Ҳһôһ·ĳһ¼˺ܳһΣ˵һһʲôҪ顣
·˴Ŷʮҳûзֻ꣬ر࣬һǣգߴ磬¥ϺõĹƣǾѡȥ¥¥κ
ż¼ʼ硱ʱ飬µǰģȻ˻ܲܲٵôҲǴ˵㵭֪ܰ״пԼǸʲô飬Ʋ̫ܰ
ϵһ壬м˰ѱѺϣܷΪջǸɲȷ
գŴߣκ쳣ĿǰȶĹơ
·ͲټȥˣǸšȻֻǾһƳְܺ״дֻ̼һ
Ȿʱڽһ㣬ڻ´ԽǰõһӣⱾ´ſϸһ㣬Ϊʱ򡰹šѾˣܷĴ󵨵ĿȻӡ֤Լ֮ǰһ룬дǸٿ񣬻˵ʹǸٿҲǸ˽
ڸղŻ¿ǱлֻǳΪȶĹơⱾѾ˸֮ʡ
¿˶ͷƤ֣仪ػдѾеˡ
һ͵ͷӻ̫̫õȫǡ˫һ޶ִ޶ӵĲǡơǻΪԼڿһ˿Ű衭
ԣơ֮ͱζˡ
ʮʱѾΪ¥ĳˣ˵ĳһȺΪɫĴˡ
ǰ翴һϡ䱦һͲŵı
ȻӻµĽǶֻøӲڶе񺮡
ȫĳǵϣʹǲŻ˸п
·ĳһҳʱȻһѷģǱĳڼȷŭ;״̬²ŻдĻλƺд˵طڼȷŭ˲Сô˱ӲдȥһλΪʲô߻ӵôӵģɫĹƣôӵ
һλڱϣһִ·һҳֵ͸ֽдⶫҲǷǳҷŭġ
𾪺ͷŭҲû»˵׷ԼҹǶɱ֡ǶοµĻ䣬²䡣
ʱֽºȻõӳԼҲǸˣȻǼ״ûڰͲˣǼ̫ѣעⲻЩ
ԣ˸һӳȥ֪ģ˸¥Ǹʱ˲¥ȻŹƳɹˡ˭Ǹ˾˭
ǡһգ
žһ°ѱӺϣͻȻһ֮ǰûʶ顪ԭӳ¥¥ôӰȫûʶֻһ˼Ҫܡ
֪ܸ¥ôӰȿȣӦĸһ㡣˵

۾ӺԺ߳һһôô磿
ϧָָࡣ
лллĵлߣܾԼá˵㣬֪ô¡
ڷϵĻҲû߱飬׼ļķܲһϰ߱꣬Ҹطúõķš
ҪŻȥ֮ǰºȻһ飬Լʱ¥Ǳ鷭˳Ҳʱһ顣
ǰһοհףһֱһҳһŵķرϸû˿©
мһҳŴֽܱʸвãճһмдʲôĻҲһ۾Ϳػصķ˺ü飬źȻһз￴һ仰
ͬһ˵ıʼдģβСϰ߶һһǳǳдǲ뱻˷һ
ҵˣš
һֶžһ£ְˡ
лҪ˵Ҹ۷µĻ壬90ô00󡭡
ԼôȻһ˵ⱾڡҲǲͬģѼ㣬˭ѣͬǰǷͬҲû˵
ͷŶ=أ=



ԪԻ˵Ǹ¡ж, ʵⶾشǸո̤ʱһֱڿС
֡ءĳЩ˵һͨͨĶûʲôͬǶһ˵, ȴĶҩ
´ҩĵ˴õҩ, ϵһС, Ȼӵ˳ƽʵƮģһֱΪոշֵǾ仰
֪ţ˲˭Ѿݡ
Ҳ˼һֱûвԭĿǰ˵뵽ġӦòûвµֻǵĲ¥, ܲµڲʵѾ˸о, ܵĲ²ΪţԼĿġ
ܻµźֻǵΪ櫣ڱ˵ʵ϶ˡѻµ滻иֿ, 硭ΪҵһЩй¥Ĳϣ硭ŵıӻԲŶ
˼˰죬ıȸտʼƽһЩһʼ¥Ǹͨ, ԼһжӲ۾, ֲͻ˾úܾ, Ȱ˵Լ侲, ҾһЩ²жǸ˿ûһʼô
ֻһ¥¥С˵ǵңһλȨص˵δҲ̫һ㡣λʶȫķʽȥ˽Ŀǰ
Ϊ¸ûعϤڽ϶˵Լ, ˳ɾͱ˻¸ˣͨԱֵ߳ŵƲӦǽţûƲǸٵġ硣
ԻʱõģӦûǰȫģõĳһŵͬºȻйȥȻֱͱһ
ʶпܼҲһ˲顣ΪľŶԣǵжһǱȽεģڻ°¡ҲΪԼӦûִĹжעǣ֮ܿһϵӦҲǹ۲ܳʱ䡣
ȻҲûжڲ̫ģ˵»ľǱڲļֵأԼ˶кͶ˶ôˣ˵һְҵ
ô˵ʱҪֵʰ·ʱ˿̻¾ͲɵԼԻ·»м뵽ԼװԼԻ·أ
Щ˰ѻŵùǺΪ²͸ҪʲôԾǵÿһĪ⡣˼·룬ºȻԼ֮˵ҲŹǺΪ֮ͬҲһܿĳ񾭲Ի·Ϊʲô
ʵûʲô뷨Ͼոմ¥ӳڶһ֪Ľ׶ΡɽĻ£ҲôϾ֪ĶԽ࣬Խǰ˼
Ǽ黪²ûЯϣǷڸһȫݲĿǰĻ˵Ǽ̺Ϣֵǧ
Щһһ⣬ڲᵽһЩйڡӡĸ֪ʶ׼պһʱİǿꡣ
ҩǰûסַ˷ַһЩõϢǾйԪΪʲôͻȻ⡣
Դڸĳһļ¼
ҰᵽңǰȣҸӵİȫ˵ҪµĹƣҾܿЦЩµĹƿûһܱȵùߵġ
ô֮ǰ˵ٸӵİȫǹˡ˵ûκܿ˷ӡԭҲ֪ʲôʱҲ𣿡
ڿһļ¼ʶԪΪʲôȻ裬ԼѺڵЩΪʲôϵķԭǸط˶ѪζĶǴžշ˷Ķҩ
ǸûνġԱֻΪͲҪԱе˶֮ͬ˵¥ڲѾǸһ޴Ķޣн˶֪ıɡӡǶԴһ֪
֮ûзӦΪԭǹ𣿻¶оЩԻΪӱѺЩ˿ԿʹǷǸطҲܵӰ죬ʧ˻ǣ½ȥȻӰ죬ʲôûзһ
²һֿܣǾǶڵȼԽߵĹƣ߾ǹ˵ֶЧģǱ㹻ˣòŸ衣
һֱڲ²һ⡪߻ħ˵ľ⣬⣿пҵһ𰸣߻ħӦø˵йء
Ϊº繲һ壬ȴڱѵ״²ֶӰ죬Ӧá
¶ԼԪȥеǳܣʱֲܹ˸ǾͲˡɻ̤¥һ̾Ѿˣش󲿷ֶǸδŵѪζһӦþѾжˣжǳ⡣
¥ô֪꣬˶ô¥ЩɱҲһ»¥һ޴Ķӣ̤ж޷⡣
ô֪Щ˴¥УǹĻأԪЩˣ¥ôأЩ¶֪Ҳʡ
Ҳ֪Ҳ룬ϱӵ˽¥ܹųһ

ʱǰһģһ˵ĽŲ˵ĽŲ΢Щ
ǸΪ˳Щ£ƺǷ˼εɱ֣Ҵҵ뿪һܵǰ鷢ĵط뿴ʲô˸ط
Щ粻ƫƫµĹƼҪʱˡ˵һƬ϶ǵõʲôϢЩģΪûطٰѹƤӵ´ߡ
֮ǰõĹѾˡ鷢ڶΡ
ѵ˼Ҳûе£ĽŲ߻˵ң˭һĽվٴλصطԸָķʽ
޷ѵԼһ
Цĳּµķ񲣬Ѿ¥Ϊµ˰ɣôֻڵң
Щ治ͣʵ̫ˣܰɱ˾ͺˡ뵽촽صǼϤӡ
ǳϤͬԼһ
ЩǾ˼ˣǿԳΪһˡһһ
طΪȫĵط˶ԴһֱŲɡӲûܴӳȥ˭ֻҪ̤طΪһ֡
뿪ǰϷһľڣѾ֪ڼҹ˾ʱһ˷ЩˡЩѹ죬ȴɻظĿһһ顣
Ȼƿŵһ˲䣬ӳľȻǿտҲ棬йľڶһɨգΨһĻ档
Ƕ仨Ե÷貣䰵Ӷ·Ĺ

Ľʺ

, ¥֮ƺһֺ΢ƽС¥̫ǻڲᡣ
Ҳû¥նݳ
ڲᡣ
֮΢ƽ, Դڶڱ˴֮ʵ̽, һֱ¥¥ĵط(ػӣʮͤ)֮ĬԴڱ˴֮˽⡣
һ㻪ûв´ģǾź¥Ա˴˵̽Ѿ˲ʮʮĵزˣʱҪá
õܶ˶󲻵
˫ĬһֳʱгɵĶ, Բܹƻ, Ż¥֪
ŵĳ, һš
ͷûֱǰˡǰƺ΢Щȵѯһ, ȥǼһû𣿡
Ѿˡ, ǶŻˡ
ŶȻţǸһǳ, ȫûϵ˾ȻŻһ
ֵֹĻȻҲû˵ʲôֻǰš
, Ҫǵ˼˰ЦЦԽ𣿡
ĬһŵҾò̫, Ҳʲôԭ򡣡
𣿡˵㲻뿴ôˣ벻ԭġ
ûнӻǫѷĵͷ
ֳ°ͣµ˵졮硯Ҳȥ˰û뵽ϣԭϵ㲻
˲ҡͷֻҪȥȫˣԲȥһϾô򵥵ˣ˵ҲЩ鷳
һ¥˺Ȼ˽Ѿûκα飬Ϊʲô
˵Ļǳͻأȴýһ
ɿĻһԼһһûʲô׵ĵط
ʵΪ˲ģΪѾŬĵԼû¼һ̽ˡ
ǾһŻ𣿡
ǸŶȣ鵹ҲָЦеӣʧʲôҶʲôҲҪѱ˶ɵӡ
òǼͦ飬Ҳûټ׷ȥ˽һˣȥɡ
ţŷԼ·Ѿ亹ʪ͸ˡ
˿ǽϵһֻ˻ȻԼĴһССĶƺûŴѴ򿪣ӽһֻССİ׸룬Ӱ׸ȡһȾѪֽ
һᣬֽոջһֱЦеͷһγ𾪵ֽ૵ĵ˭ȥ
ƣʲô˼
ʱ¥ĵεµҲŸŵͬĶϵǶ仨Ӹոտʼһֱȴǰֻһ𻨣ȴĳΣյըһΣޱȡ
ոգŵĹһ֪ߵĲӣȻ
һ߿仨һȥ¥ûгʲô£Աûд
ԭ˲ûЩΪⲢһֵõǵ飬ڿ仨֮ͺȻˡ
뷨¥ӦѾ൱ˣΪܴԲô򵥵飬ͳƣ˵ͳƳ
仨رԶԶĸſܿͻϱ·仨ҫ۵Ĺ⣬ΪһδҲ̫һ㣬֪ʲô˲Żƴֵֶ䵱
ȻⶫжôĹأϴʱλεƣ˾ոճŵʱ֪ĽӣȻĶյйһȦ֮ô
ЩҪҪǸ˾ôϢģΪʲôûбЩļһһˣܴҡڵĽִҡڵĳȥˣ
һûͨˣǸһǹͨСǾԲܵģʹһ֡ⶾҩڽӺ󶼱֪Ӱˡ
֪ȫȻҲһܹˡ
ҲһΪΪȫĵطϵЩܱϣһСɽǸȴһҲû
¥ĹǺĵģΪȫµĹƲ˵ʮʮĳ¥ô˵Ҳи**ˡ
Ȼ¾ͺȻĳôһˣϢľһһ
ͬŵΪһͬϲܴǸңҲΪϲǲʶĹ
¥ȥѯ¥ɱֵһɱֶ˵ոͳƹˣֻ˱ˣʣµûײκ顣
仰˲ɵۣʵƢ˵ôûбƸģκȷʵЩϣ˽ȷȷʵʵֻôˣ˵Լεٶ̫죬ֻһȺҹз(˶ûԼôε)
Ⱥ˻˳ֻ̬ȣ¥ɱҪô׾ͱҹµɱǿ̫Цˣһ·ϵͻأЩѵǰŪ
ʵ»Ϊ¿˸ʱҡ˭뵽ͷܾͨ¥ڵͻأʶ¥ͨõİأ
ⶫʹ¥ڵһЩС߲㶼һȫϾ¥ǲ˽˴֮Ķֹ֮֮ġ
ȻΪ¥¥λ˺ü꣬һܺڵʱ¥оԵͳģ¹ûбӣЩһ㲻ϳ
ζ˵һɲ飬ĿǰĹ޷Ҳڻڵ￴ǸСһĹ˭ܱȵϵ磿
ܹߵʵһԽ򲩡һ
һҪʽҪ㹻һѲƱĲҪʱԸ㰵е鱨ȿȣôһʳɹ
һ½Ӵ⣬עϢ㹻н뱳Ĺ컹Խ˵˵ֻҪ̹80˾㹻ˡ
˵ղһᵽ壬¥˺Ȼһµ顭֣һˣϽȥһ￴Сڲڡ
ȥˣ˵ȴþõĲƽص˵ΣǶ𻨣һʱ侹Щԡ
ӾʲôҪĶ˿ִϢĥһĥʲôһ˵ϴȫ򣬾ʲôأ
¥ڣǶ𻨷ϣʢİңů£һĽʺƽĽһ޴Ĳˮһ˭֪ķ򡭡

β桱

¥ſڵ, һ㣬Ϣʱ仹ƽʱһԽЩ, ͷȫǺҲЩ
ʱ, Ա߾һСβ, վһߴĿҲûй, Сβ;ôһֱ΢΢ЩļŻӽ
صĻ, Ȼѽ¸鲻̫ãΪϿʱ, Ȼûʲô쳣, ԻµĲľܸܵ
ô, ȻһֱҲû
ѽ, Ȼ˼ܳǴǸ㣬ֳֳЩõŮӡתͷһһֱԱ߿Скʣֹʲô
ѧСк
ҵĽҸҵ, Ҳ̸ܽ㡣˵תͽӣСкһ, Ҳһݡ
²غ˶ҩҩ׼ذٲã;пĸ, ȻֻȥǾͶŵʱӱ޵ܹȥ˼ƥ˽¥ˣ
ǣ֪ô£¥˸һһֱʲô
Ƕʲô𣿡
˭֪˭ô¥͵
¶̯ǰĸȵǼƥߺżվĴżߡ
Ľϰӿ¥һ޴Ļһת¥ɱֶյһЩͨҲ¥һЩͬ
¥춪ʲôʲôĳСһµЩֵ뵽
ӾԲʲôС򲻻ɹӣ¥ȺˣҪķˡ
룬˵ᡭΪǸ˰ɡ
Щſ˴ӽϷɿܹϪߣ˻¾ȥϣ˰ٲǰ档ٲøĵϰ̧ͷŽֱţٲõҲ
ոջ˰ٲãɨɨƤȻתͷͿһŴɫɿܹ
һĻʮдûмģȴһ˿еġ
ʲôˣҲ֪ǸʲôģֲȴΧͬʱŽֱϿĳ
һһӡĵףʶ˭ϸܵһŨŨΣոС
ǰ棬һƽƽ˳˳ӽ˶ﶼҲȫΨһЩɫľ˫۾˫۾ƯˣҲûȵ
ƽƽԼ½ǣ̾˿˵ϴܵһвΪĺʵǱˣԻҪһ۲ܰġ
Ϊ˲ǳʲôû˹Լˡʵϴαвȷʵ뿪һʱ䣬ŻصΪܾһЩҪ顣
˸ġ״ʲôأʾ֭ţ·ٲǰʱȴȻһվڵſɨء
һ£Ȼϻӵݡ⺢Ӹ߸ݵģҲʲôصģƫƫǸеͽܡ
ٲȥһ
ȻոҪȥһ˲䣬ȻӲֹס˽ŲȻ¡
ٲöһССĲȻһͷЩ׵ĴүȲ衣ĲԶһ飬Ľζӡ
İи˸ոӣĽű߻һֻһĹȻӽֵͷ֣ߵ˽ֵͷ
ƽƽˡʵݺŵ
ϳЩˣֻǡôͻȻ
һȦĪ֮ǰ⸽иŷֲģǸ˲õϢֻ֪Щʱ򡭡֪طиŷֲǲġ
Ϊ¥飬Щ˶˵֮ǰζûз֣첻ͻȻ˺üϤףҲᷢ֡
ĵҲĴ󰡣Ȼһֱֵط
ĪҲ֪ʲôط
вʡ
ڽһᣬȻи˰Աߵľ¥һôһЩ֣˵˭ոȥȫݵ¡
ɻ飬³Ǹ̴ָľ¥˹ȥǸ¥Բʲôܹͨȥġ¹۲һװ껹ǽϹҵֻó˽ۡ
˷Ǹ
˴һţȻƹī硣һֻĸĸһֱڷϵĲҽУЩһǶʵЩأĸʵЩΡ
һֱˡ

һ£Ȼʶǰλͬ־ȷʵҲĵ׼˹˽Ķ棬ЩЦԷǡ
̫࣬е񾭹֪ǽαôš
һҹû˯ҲûκεĲԾĶϻǸѪӣǰĲ豭һֲ֪ĻƯš
ǰ½·ǽñҪúܶࡣɵľϵĲ豭ԼҲһůůӡ
Ż裬һ˿ˡ
ڵıƽı飬벻ʲô
һۻµԪ򶼱ˣʱʲô¡ǸСкҲˡ
¡šһûáʲô˼ˣô˵һҲŰԱ°ɡ˵һСĻ¸پҵ㿴ƽǾͲõ
ԪµĸоͲһ¾Ԫ˷ĸǣװס
ĸ氧ºܺһ̯ϸһ簵ʣԼѧͽݿⲻ
˿ڲ裬Իµȥ¥ʲô𣿡
һãȻҡҡͷ
ûã΢һ۾
ûС±رϿҡȥһΣȻڸתתҽ͹ȥȻͿԪˡ
Ϊٸʵ׵ȥģΪǸ飬ôʵӦҲô򵥵
һʵԼҲиʽ⣬ΪʲôҪһ˼ǰߣΪʲôӦôʹ죿
ôôòԾϽֵе㲻ֱǡǰƵġ
ķӦĳϡ
ȻʲôûʣȻͺȲˮˡ
֪ǲԼĴ´Ͽһ˿ЦЦЦҲʲôЦǡץסĳ˵Сӵָо
²֪ʲôʵôЦΪ糿ոյõһϢ
ϢʮֵȤŵǸ˸ġ
˵¥ˡһ𻨡
Ļʮֵľ£ֵ
ֵƵĶ󣬶Ϊ¥ĶֻнʱȻûסЩЦ
ȻǸʱȴһ㶼û¶ʲôȷǸֻǵ˵»̽
ϴδӦǸ˲˵ڵȻҲ˵ȻܼɵŵˣǸˡȴ̵ӡ
͸ǸˣҲΥԼ
ҡҲԼһ·
֪Ǹ˵Ĵ㣬֪Ǹ˵Ĵ㣬Ϊ֪ԲýһȤ

ãȻĴӾ¥ãȻԼĸ˵ǸɶĪİйȥĪİߡ
ڰٲ⡰׵㡱Ұ˼ʱȻͿԼһֱڵȵǸˣһֻĸҡڵľŵĿ֮˽
һˣģ
żȻĽӣڼ·һڰٲſɹ̫ĸǣȻޱȣһѾ˳ܶˣȻ佩ס
µȻͳ塣
̫̫ǿˡ

뻯αװ

ٲÿŵʱҲûм, ˻ֻĸ⣬Ҳص˵
ֻѾɱö˵ϣɽҩһ𣬻˵轡
ĬĬذѼȼгӽ, Լ˼, Ȼ˵èֳȥɻˡ
ڹŴִһȽԵĺôʱضԼƸܸߡ
Ͼһ, ͷϲ, һ氲İһӣҪȴ˶ֻҪбƸ
ȻҲпǻִ˵һԸʵͦٲôЩҩĵģʱԼִЩ¹Ƶupһ, Ȼ̫ڿ˵㡣
һ߰ӣһöΧӵ, ЩȻԵõӡȻҲôɣʵҪһ˽
ֻŵ̫, ûа취ȥ
Ȼûа취ȥ, ǻһһɡʵҲô, ˵Լ¥αȽƣ¥ô˵Ҳõˡ
ǰŵһ֣˭ʱְ
ȫһЩ¥ɱǹûаϢȥΪǸûӻȥġǰϢȥ˵¥˻Իӵļɵ
ϧ, ŵЩǰ˻µֵ£ҲҰ⴫
æءһүյĴӻµǰ̧ͷЦЦȻŴү˹ȥ
үǰε鱨ԱλűڵʢҪһ
°ƨɵµСʻ˸Ƕȼ
һĳ˾Լܵױȵĳ
ſڰӵĻ£ֿ۸ո߹ȥĴүؾЩ̫á
ʵٲҲûȥΣһ㶼Ƕڶ飬ΪҪӡǽҪ̽ЩҪյĽһ㡣
ſţȻ־ԼǲЩ̫ʡЩ˶ͦڵȥİǲҲһµĹȥűȽʺϣ
°һСӰã׼øСȥɹȴȻ˴ӱһ¡תͷȥͿһļôͻȻֻ
·Ͽ˾ˡЦŵ
ǰ;Ժɵ£϶㡣˵꣬תӡ
֮Ҳû˵ʲôֻЦЦһá
մǰ澭ĳһ
⻰ôôΥ͸أһ˵һֻΧȺھý
飬һ뵽Ǻüŵˣ˿ұֳ
Ҫʲô𣿡һ̧ͷİʡ
ûʲôԾ˵ȷʵѾ۷켫ĳ̶ȡ
˺ҩ˵Żͽҽݡһ·϶ڹ۲Żϵϸ΢飬ϣҳκһ˿ԾĶӡ֤һǷйϵ
ȻôⶼһµͨŴ򣬻Ҳ㲻ϡͦȻԵãϵķ׷ûаϵ
£һҪȥԺĻǵðѽù׼ȥԺһζҩĵʱ򣬺Ȼмô
ܲܲ۸£Щѵһ䣬㿴˼ʵ۸˼ôУ
ֲ˵ʲôͷֹһ䡣
ԱߵҲСĽ˾仰Ҳ¸ɣƢ͸üˡˣҲ˵ˣԷԷ
۾ɵԲһԩ˶ֻ֪ǿװӡ
òƾΪ仪µĴ࣬ȻǴαݺݵؽѵһ١һ淴Ǹ
ֻҪһͻһΡ
´ӺԺζҩģ˳ȡ˽͡·˵ˮȻҩĸ˴ľҩ
ܲܲҪ۸۸۸
ﻹѭŸոĻΪ仰ʹڻûлҩٶ˰ġ
Ȼڰٲһַλ·ġ¡˵ۣûһƢӣ˵ʲôʲô˵ʱŴŴģϵ˾ۡ
ȵҩ˰ٲõĴţãȻһᣬܼǵԼʱǱʲôĿĵģΪ̫һСľˡ
ϵ磬һֱΪ״л֮У״ôһŷѾ͵͵Ķ˰ˡ
УΪʲôһֱŰǶ仨ÿва
״װ˵
״Уˣ˵仰¾ԼҲͦвģǰû³ʱһʱʱĻ͵͵˼ң˼Ҳˣһʡ
ʵеػ꣬Ϊ϶ϲ¥Ӧøθڣ˵ûʲô˧磬СǴĻ̵ģҲǸϲ졣
òƻػôһѣǻȴôһֳ嶯Ҫ͵͵һ¡
ٲõĴ죬һڵİӣһ͵͵Լ£ıһһȺţһȺʱ¥̽ӡ
תͷһĻ£˵ԼͿϵıɫαװδҲ̫һЩ
ǣԸҲûʱԸ
ڶ뷨΢ЩͷֻǸոðͷͰ˦ˣԼЦҡҡͷ
󿴿ҿʵǿµʲôֵı֣ľҪΪ¥ԷûκιϵˡȻˡ
ôžͻͷҪط֡Ĵ˵Ƕ𻨵Դ
ȷʵӡôһطƴֵרֶԼı־ģҲֻôһطУǸطòƲûڵǱ¥Ȼ͵ʲôĵز
ΪǸطڴеʵôǿԼ¥ûڵһʱȷǶ𻨵Դ
Ҳûз裬Ǹطڶ׼ȥ̽ĵطΪľƲĵطʱǡǡ׳ʲô£Ǹó躹ޡ
ոձͷ׼뿪ȻһСкվڰٲöĽֵϣСĳŰٲСкӰֵʣ˭ôţ䡣
ڿǸˡСкָŻµ
㿴ʲôЩֵʡ
ұԼ棬˵ϲģ첻ҳȥˡСк˵뿴ʲôʱܿһ㡣
ϲģü͵ĻͷڵİӵĻ¡
Ŵ졣
Ǽ¹Ȼйأ
벻Ҫƭȥˣ
룬һ磬ľͱ¸ƭȥˣԷαװȻѾ˳뻯ĵز
ϧͷСкٻαװˣҲվƭ˼ĺӰ



¸ϵһ֮١˵ϻһֱͦ, ʼǵŻ, Ǿ仰ô˵šǧĸǰ, ¾رĵĸһ, ʱʱ̵̿żȺϺӡ
Ϊ, ֱͱû̵СҪѹ, ˵Ǹճеްɡŵص, ¥ѡ񰴱ʱȥԷüͷ
ڻ²Ĺȵʱ, ȴĳʱȻˢһѴڸС
νĲ, ¶Իôĵʱ򻨴ûʡĹѡȥ, ͻȻһ̬ǰ
ڰٲöѾţʰʰҪӭʱ򣬻ĳ峿𴲺ȻһСС֬˵֬ûʲôģǻһϳǺ֬ı־òЩ졭
֬ģ
ҵġ
͵ģһɻȥ, ֬ʱر֣ǸͺʱضҪһ
Ҳ, һ, һճ綼Ƚƫ˵ֵ, ͻȻ֬, Ҳò˵һʮ飬Ϊ±͵͵˸ˡ
¶ԴҲûʲô͵뷨·ŵﶼûʲôֵ, ˵ԼΪְҵĿ֬ãԺ󡰹ʱá
֬𡣡ŻбЦҲôСһоҪء

ԼĶ䣬ȷһ֣Ȼ󲻵ò˵ǶԵġŵǮǶǰʱΪйǮȻ⻹£Բȡ
Ȼεԭ²ûи˵ͶΪ˵ͬʱԴͱĳһ뷨ⶫȻֵӣҪȻˣ
ⲻǰʱлŰŰŪһҵ
ʾһλ˭ȫ¿ӵҵ˴硣
һר֬֬ģ½ӺͿʼֽи졣µȻǴϹ㣬ʵҲʲôǺõģʲôǻġ¾ǾִںΪһͿǮĴɱڹŴҲͬá
ʵϻҲԼ뷨ܳҲкܴѶȡŴִгͲһŴĿںͻˣαصȵִοϱӻ»ǸԿں첢ôȤˣڴҲôֻҲ޷̫Կںķ
£ֻͨԼ뷨ϱӵ;˵ĶԻָ
Ȼ˻ǺܽģȶԻµĵһҪø̬֬ÿһп֬
Ӫʼյֲʵϣµ뷨ܼ򵥣Ȼ仰Ŀں칤Ǹͺͷ
ǵ仰֮žĲþɱˡ
Ͼϵ˶֪ԼĶͷbossڿں죬·εЩҪ󶼼ë˵ʮǧС㶼ź(±ʾԣⶼǻԼԲģһοǼ䱻·ζ˵Ҳ˺)⣬졣
ԻĿں칤˲ѹĿҪлطֲ˾˵ְʹְֻܶѹ
ûѹûжּѹ£ǻľ˸£ʲô²֬ʸѾеں˼ˣ˱ǣȻǱС
֮⣬»Ի˽һϵеָں첻һҪֿҲǴ˵еļۣߺȵһҪ졣
ʲôںԶһٲѧϰһĳЩ󳧵Ļҩ**ɺӵľͽǾޱŮںӾͽк졭
Ȼ󡭡
ȻûȻˣȻ¾ͱǿжϵʲôȻ
¾ԼַЩǮζ̫ŨҲûйԼַҲΪⶫܳɣ͸ûж˵ûһ¡
ֱ
»ﶢп֬ȻһԵ޹ʵ֮飬֮ʮټģҲǸĹҹӣڻǰûռαˣѵôһܶԶԷĻᣬͻȻ͸ü
ʱ˿̣ͻȻǮ̫ˣǮʱ˿ô֬ȻӻǰҫҪ֬ʱ˿ڳֺͻȻһ壬ĸֵ
¡ãȻӣʹ˹ȥС˵ҵڵʱõأ˶򲻵˵ɫľֻôУõĶ·ģ˿϶òˣȻҪң˵һ
ܺãvipȻˣĺȻʵħá
չٶ¿չһǿ԰Ѳĸ룿
ͨϻԱ»Աıһݵλ˵ܻϸŴ⽨۷壬ɸʼҹƷʲôġ
ޱ롣
ֿǸӣдšһ֣ߣֽ͵һ滨ģջ֡һ١
ĬĬ뿴ѵĳ滹ǲλͰ⼸ֿ֬һɣ滨ѩĴǫү
ѵδλ
Ȼζתǰ߿ԭȻɥʧڣȻ;ʧˡæס˻£ߵǰһ£ľͲĿ԰һµģҪûǮҲԽ㡭
ǮǮ¡̾˿
üͷһᣬʵ˵ˣһ£ȻȰ˵ⶼııɡĿľΪǮģҾҲûҪȻǮǽվҪһӵġ
УͼʰɡûȻ˵ʹһĲмԼСپС٣ôĸ￴ǵùĸ˵ˡ
һºת뿪ֵζܹѻ±ȥһΣˬ
˲ԸôǾûû˵ɶĶЩԾ˰ĶҲĻܿģʵǵҵɵү
һԱȣ¾ִĳЩֻԱʮǮŮѵɵѡ
ǻ֪ԼǡĵȰҪٻԩǮ˰
ͷûţ˺ѡ
ûǮơںĻڽϹһȦȻڽ֬۵￴ֿں졣̯һУȻԼһЩһԭ֡
Ŵһ㶼ǿʲôģŽ̶Ͽ϶ӡ˺Ϸիºӡº͡ȻʮֲѰ·ĺ棬ӡľȻǰ˸֡
춹ӣ˼
¿˺ȻһЦ
䲻Ůɵ黰ء
лҪ˵ҷ˰
Ǿʫĸоԡұ˶ʮӣû˼ĺǣ֬Ϊڵ˼Ϊ(ƨ)ȫǵ¼ܺκС
ȻʱķȻûܣȻ˼ʫһ£ζԣֻܴʫŪһ¡֪˼˰ԺҪܱһỻ(Ͼںô໻ҲɶСbb)
ͷŶ=أ=


̻꣬

ŴĹ˵Ҳûʲô, ͻԼĸ˵, ܵһŨŨζ
ҹûִҹʢ, Ҳûִôů, Ҳ, ɺϲ졣
ȻζǻֻûִôḻĻϵģִ㿴˷, ÿ𣿵ھͻ, ʵ˵ڶڹŴ̻,
¼ǵԼִʱӡǺܳ˵ִѾкܶطֹ, ϼСûֹصġÿʱҪһֿ
ν̺̻һֱĵ, һе㷳˵ı
ڹŴ, ȻܶŶ䣬վԱ߿Сƨš
һĶŶԱ, ȻĶʵЩֶ, ԴСʱ߽űĶ˼ҷͦĴġ
̿Ըܶණϵһ, 绷Ⱦ, ǹ֧ԴȼƷһϲͬϲĺϵһ
һͨͨ·, ·һȦӵë·׹һССĺͰ򡣻ԭ͵͵ĸһͷСǸʵСˡ
Ȼͼʶƣһֵ³ɹѡ
¾ͷ⺢֮Ͷ˸ϲ·ϰߣЩźȻഺҲӡ
·ǻ˸ءڸӲ࣬վôģº±ϵϣӲ潨˸ӣڴõҲ·ˡ
úÿֲôĲôһȷʵϲġ˵СȻǵôһ㣬ȻҲʵ̫һ㡣
Ѿȥˣʱûûиһȥ˵ǰҾߵģ£ֻʣһʹǹҲϰԵȥĵط
Ȱ˵ֻԼȻھ֣鴦߰˰֮ٻ
Դ֮󣬻¾;ٲﶼóʲôڸرǿĶ
û˼ûС
ٲΨһһǮ֮󣬰ٲúȻͱøʵ
ϾٲñҲʲôǮĵطȻҽСҲʲôƣǹеĶԼŪã߰ĶһӦȫ
Сдͦÿ¿̾΢΢һЦ
ҲûҲֻ֪Էĸ˫Ķÿοһֵֺʱ򣬶ҲǸйµˡ
Ȼ룬һͨ˼ҵĹڹŴѧôһֺ鶼˰ɡ
ҲԱߣСһ·˾¡
ôµ·һҪȥŪˡ
شһ£Ȼˣʵ첻ҲԵġ
ҡҡͷԼĽͳš
֪ΪΣ´һӵϾȻ˵Լ˧ĶȻ̶ԷľֻǵΪԷԸʱ˿ȴȻδ˺ܴ
Ȼͱȥɿˡ
˲һ죬ܴһ˵Ҳûù۳Ӱ۵ĹȻһжҪԼ׼Ĵˡ
һĽֵϿյģûһˣ̽ա
°ſڣСӷ̣Ȼ˵¹˵ζرտճˡͿĸ档
յĽֵϣƺŵ˶ȥˡܲ͵͵ȥʲôʱȴȻ俴һӰǰ߹
ܶԷһŴƾԼļ仹һ˳ԷǰҩǸˡȵĵ꣬ôûؼڽһأ
ҡԷ΢΢һ£Щεĵ˵£ʱûа취ؼˡ
⻰ûȥΪԷʲô£һŴӵģӦԷһԷֳûеطȥء
ԣûڻסϣб˿һƴһڽϹûطȥĻһԷȥůůӵġٲ⸽ô紾ӣȻżҲ̫ӵû˭ˡ
ůůͣʡ˵žʹӵȻ˶ԷԷקסӵʱһ£¾Ǳ˵紾ӸһĪľöԷôһĪ졣
Ǹϸ΢ı顭벻ûϣ־ͰѶԷ
Ǹ˽ӵһ˲仹µģ֪ʲôôĪĽˡ˿ǰ滪µıӰɶԷǲǻʲôôϡͿĽӡ
֮ǰͻɶԷ̫رˣǸи֡ῴԷק˵ϣԼһ¡
ֻ֪װµĴԱ߾İعˡ
תȥҲ裬׼ԷϱůůӡϱŴ󻨣úںڵ۾½ˣëëġ
֮£ֻ۾ĴĿȻȻͿϵĽСֽţ¶ǰһµϢ֮ǰѾйصİƵġʮͼ͡񡿵Ĺ¡
ⱨֽ΢һ룬ȻһˣЩ㣬ʺ˿Щֵʣǡ
¸ġԱһֱȻڵʱûطȥ¸һ
ŶǸϵıһӾͷˣź溰һ£̺ƹ
֣Ӻ֣Ӹղſʼÿһ˶֡
Щֵ뵽ǻ£ǰˣԱ߱èĺӣһʵĸоָоǿȥ񲢲
¶˵ľƣԷһԼҲһԼ˿ھƣȻȣᡣԱߵ˺ֵĵһΪ㲢Ⱦء
û˵ֻЩЦЦ
Ʋʲôþƣ޷ҲǸոܹڵӣŶԷѾƺ£΢Щ棬˵ľƶԷҲܺȵȥ𣿲
ºⱭƣп̫ˣ׼͵͵ձϰ߰ӵʱ򣬺Ȼڿһ޴̻ЦݺȻһӽϡ
̻Ǵŵģ˵ôƯ̻Щ֣ҲûС̻δҲ̫̫ÿһ㣬ҪܶǮ
ϳòǻ̻̻Ҳнʱõģġ˵֮Щ˳֬ѵָʲô£
Ӧáɡ
ʣ·˲豭һ̧ͷͿڿ
ôˣʣԷҡͷûûʲô
ղŶԷڿǸ̻ɣǸ̻ôˣ
òԽʲô鲻ҪԽᷢʲôڻʰӵʱſںȻϤҳֵ
һ˴ţǲҸղ濴ʲô˺ôһ֧ģһģĿƯˣϳϳһӣ֪Ҫʲô

꣬

㲻˵ٻôھͻˣϴʡ
Ļعȷһֲ, ȷܹ˲ʹưٲ÷ΧˡԼȻǶûһ֪, ΪԼٲô˻, ҴһһкͻΪһʮָжΪ
һߺȾһ߿㵸ĸ˵λʱֻ顣㵸¸ܵһ˿öδܵĻ, Լһ˵ʹ
Կۡ
ղűקǸ˿òѾˣһֱڿੲݵĬĬغž, Ҵǰ, ĬĬƺһ㡣
»ɶԷǲ˼ôô˵, û¾ЩԲ
ģû뵽ɣһС, ҳҹҲû˯Ϳʼ·ҵҪȥ, Ҳû˵
ɵӣ㲻˵˰ٲ⻹ʲôطĬĬضԼıӡ
λ˵㶫һ˵һҪǿҪȥ, ٲҲ̫ˣһֱ;סĲҴ˵㶫, Ѱٲʰĸ㡭
ĬĬط˲豭ϸֳ˸ͬı顣
Կۡ
㶼ʲôͿſͦƥˣ, ڵĳϹŴӣ˺üӣﻹлƣһæ̧
ָǺòϣõģŸѡǱߵƤӣձӸǡ
°ŻǰѶ̧˽ڵĴҲûؼңҲ¿ȷʵֳݵĸоﶼ档
ӱ̧˽ȥ»ÿͻȻôණҪôǸٲõĸһ˺ü˵ġ˵ʱ͵͵Ĺ۲컪£뿴ϻ᲻ʲôԱյı顣
´Ų²һʱ˿̵Ȼͻ˻žǡүǮûþҪҵʳ˰
ȻºȻЩ֪ʶһ¡Ǵô󳵶ǹİɣ
ĳ˵ҲͦСƢģϴÿ֬Ÿɹͽڻǰŵȷơ
ʶϴ򲻹ֵҲôһƢҲǱȲġϾ˭ƢȶҪá
ڽǮϣȻҵԼıĶȻһѶ
ȻµķӦûһ
¿ĸ㣬˵Ҳǻһְֵζһ֣һССʲôĿͦɰģ̫ˣԵʱϿá
˼Ļ²ûзԱһֱڹ۲ЦݽʧЩԵĿͶϣӿɰСӣСѼӣС֮ҲǸõûκεı仯
˼ұºƽٲ֮ǰҲǮ˺
һһСͬǺ󻹲̫óֻǮųӵĸ㣬ȻҲܵһ˿ԿۡӦðĪɵˣС̱Ҳ̱
˵ʱ򿴼ʲôԱ߸ոһֱû˵ȻڵǸǳĺ棬һʡȻϾûĶҪݾ
⻰תͷ˵Ҳ죬İҲû˭ܸԷһ֧ر𳤵Ķӣ֪Ҫȥʲôģа˰ɣҪȥ̽ף
һ̽׵ӣҪǸλԼҵСҰͷѹǮöԷ̽׵ĶҲûʲôֵģֻ⸽ôôǮ˼ңҾû˵
ԱߵҲһӲͰᵽס𣿡
ŶԣҲˡô˵ЩпǼҵˣû˵ʲôݰ
ƺҲֻĶЩη
žǴ˵еġĳҪǿһ㣬ۺĳҪǱǿֻ̫࣬ˡ
ûһֻԱߵŲ裬ˮڱ˻Σһںȥ
ЩǮ¾͸ҽǸ龿ǶôǮ˺ü˭ԱŵĶرƯĹʱ򳵺һѵˣ͵͵ȥЩġЩﳤİ
ԱߵҲǺӸ㣬񲢲ϲ̫ĶղҲֻһСװװӣ֮෴ǻµ۾һֱ޵ǻںϡ
ЩǳƯ˵ؼ϶ǴġһΰӣЩ˼ҵС㶼ôϴĶ޳У˵Ѿ߶ˣ˾ʲôݰ
Щ͸ų𣿡ȵһ䣬Ҫͼıô죿
˵ǶѾ·˺üˣòﲻҿʱŵôҵģǸʱѾһˣΧʱҪжˡ
ĳ󣬻Ͼȷǻˣֻ̫Щ˴Զܹ
ȻǱ󲿷˶ݵģǿҲûʲô̫¡Ծܻеɻ󣬵̫ġ
ǰǳӵ˸ࡣ˵ŵ̫ˣԱ߸ЩŮӾͻͻȻԼĿڴͳһһѵͭǮȻźӣǾȫֻںͭǮˣʱͺȻ٣ȵǼҪ׷ȥʱ򣬾ͷԼ˺Զ
ĬĬԼıӡ
ǻǻ
ȥ֮һҪЩһĵ
ǳһл书ˡȻڵȻͱˣһ·ƽߵ
˵㿴ЩƯŮ˶ǻ书ء˵Ҫϳٶ˦ЩˣṦҲһɡ
˵ǰ¸ǽһº񰡡ȻЦˡ
ĻãȻ̧ͷ𣿡
аͷ֮ǰҲһˣ߻źܶŮЩŮÿﶼӣװζĻЩͭǮ͸ĺ𣿡
Ŭһ£Լȷʵµʱٲõ˴뽲ɵĹ£˾ǸӦö
ʱҲֻҸѣû뵽쾹Ȼֱ
ڿԼˡ⼸ָ˺ģҲٽһ顣
Ǳ߱קҲŻ£۾ת֪Щʲô
֮ǰǲǿƵ飬ԲŽô£ȻʵϾҲڽϴôģ²µóЩ˭
û²ס˵žͶžƺƷӽ˺Ժ
ʲôҲû˵ˣıںܿŭ
УӦԾǼĺðɣ
ʲôҲû˵ӰѾˡ
תͷݺݵعһھƣȻһջĸ˵⸱ˡ

꣬ҹè

ɫ, վſڿڵĽֵŴһȻҲͰ, һ쵹ǻϺüյ, Ǵһͦ˾ͳȥˡ
룬һյſڣܺ»ǰİҹҲ·ߵ˼ȥ
ȻڿǻûӰ
Ǹʱ޼ҿȥڻҽ°Ϊ˼˺, ̸֮·ֶԷ̸µͦģӦòˡһ˴һߣû˲ðһͷ
˵Է᲻ʲô°ɡϾطվǽԷ̫ʵ, Ǽʲôˡ
˽컹ûߣסһޡϾĸջûС¿۶Էƺϼֹһ, ջû˵ʲô
Ǹ˾Ȼڰٲס, °֮ǰסʰһöԷס˽ȥǸӸպðסһ䡣
˵￴һ˶ûУֵŵ˻ôģҲڶҸϵ
ĵڸʺӰӣԱмСڷ, ¹ٹһӦþͻЩ̷Ȼȥ˯, ʱһƬž
Ļ»̫˯һ, ڴϵŵһյ͵¿, һ·, ﱧһֻůè
ںԺĵϰʱ˯˵ֻ˯ˡǰҵ, òǶѾϨ˵ƣΨĵƻţӴܿůĹ
ô˯ͷΪ˲˯ڶҸ̫԰Ǹ˵ֻĳĺܸȤ
ƾǸ˵Ļппĳɷ֣ΪܾöԷĶ̫ʵģ֪ԷļҾòҲ̫࣬Щᡣ
ûд컪ǸӵʱϵĶûмǴǶԷòеıӣû̫㶮Էʲô˼ǶԻϵκζȴûкӹ
ҺġʹûΪطȽΣնʲô顣ھʱȻɹһССӰһֻɶꡣһϲæ͵͵Ŀ˴ֻɶꡱ˽
ôжӰûʱ򣬾ͺȻ洫һ˵彩һ¡
˳Ǹ˵
ûй˵ôˣ˵ûոǸһӵĴ£ȻʼţСС˯𣿡
һʼûƶᣬ֮ԺţűһС죬ͷʣ
ж㿴ġССſڽһӡ
ݵһ˲䣬ԼĸڣڵĸڣдﲻԼͬĴ̾ϸϣƺ˻һ꼶ȽСС
̾һ˲䣬ǸСӾסﴫһƺĥʲôϸһԼüһֳһѳ˴ߡ
˲ͷð亹
ҽݺְǴҹĲ˯ڸﰡ
Ĳ۵еֽĶССֽдĵ֣һǸӵ飬˴鱨˵Ǹ˵Ĳûдʵʵܱ˵ĻҪһ㡣
ڶ鱨¥ǰʱ䶪Ǽòرأ֮ǰƵķΧΪ¥ѾЩˣԭҹŵļǲʲôӵģչòƾʹ
ȷԼõӦǵһ鱨ŵ鱨Ҫһ
ȻЩ¥ʲôżӣǲӦ͸¶ȥ֪һ£ֹʲô̫ıʣ
ڴ￴Ź£ʵ˵ŴĶִ˵ǺܺϿζֱ˹ŴĹ¡ĳɫġ
ֹŴⷽرĻ棬ϾⷽҲûʲôr..18ҵ׼ʵû˽һ¹Ŵճ֡
ŵʱ򣬻ºȻᵽһʮ΢ζʵµǺ͸ˣζʵ̫ˣһ˲͸֪ˡ
̧ͷͿſһֻƮƮɹġ˶ӣζӦþֻ˶ɢġ
ĶӡͻȻֻץ˼С󿴼ĶӺȥˣҲ֪ЩǳԻ۵ģôĶӻͷһμȻֵһ˲䣬ֻӾǱһ£ɿĳŸ෴ĵطˡ
¿Ŷ֮ززӰôһ˲Ϊڡ
һֻôẦ
һ£ʼһгһվȻٸˡҺöӻȽС԰οԼǿˡ
ڶӷɳȥһ룬ºȻſڹܹһӰһ£Ȼ󻺻İ鷭һҳʲôûпһ顣
ղŹȥǸˡ˭˼˼롪һ׼ҹ£ŲŵˣӦǽϵˣϵʲôǳģǳŰסٲõģ
˻ʶһ⣬ٲõӦöԴ˻һ֪
˵͵͵ĴԼĿڴóһرƯĽ͸ġ
ɵ۵ĿеĽʣǴģ
ǰ֬Ǽҵ갡ǰ˵꣬ǾͷҪ˵Ҫǻ⽵ˡ
һѽ˹Ȼֱӵһߵϣ¥Ůͷϵôˣ
Ҳɵˡ

һ룬ȻԼЩΣգůһĪĺӲİ˸¡
Ȼ俪ʼ˼ʱװԼǸӲѵĺӻп

ҪץϵСӣֽϵʱһ롣
¥˰Сץʲôã
Ѿ˶С鷢ˣֻϢڻûд
ҲΪĿǰСӻСؤǱĺӣĺӱСԹעµҲ࣬Ľֲƽô֡
һʱ򣬺ȻĵҸ˵һˣȻ󲿷ʱѡܱվǸеߵˣ漰Сеˡ
ڸôȥҽݿס˺üҹèӰǳȥıؾ֮·϶˸ڿˡ
ͷۣƿװҹӳȥߵʱȴȻִһˡ
ҹģղŻ￴˺Ȼʧˣȫ亹
ȥˣ
ʧٵκˣô£ƫƫˡ
ﲻƵĿʼҲԷȥʲôˡ

꣬ܺ

ٲóͻȻʧһһ糣, Ҷڸɸ¡˵Ƕûзֻµʧ١Ψһܹע⵽ľȻֻ
ǰݺһȦûҵԷ, ԼЩܾʲôҪ, ȴ벻Էڻȥġ
ǻأ
ǸֵֹĴҹµ󣬿ŶԷǸ͹µģԼҪһǧɱ뷨
, ξ, һǧɱܾÿˡ
һֱڰٲøǻ, ¾͸ǻһȦӴõԺӺԺã¿˰۾ĳһ£Ǹڵ, ҲöԷȽֵһط
Ļ¶̫, ˭֪ƫƫµһʱ仹û뵽ˣֻĪļ֪ˣҪץȥʲôģ
µ˲, ԭֻ͵͵ĸڶԷȷ˶ԷĿĬĬͳԼĴ󵶸ڶԷ, ڼΧһСڵļճйߵ
Ȼðٲһ쵽Ҳֵͦ, Ϊʲô֮ǰûзء
תһȦҲûҵ, ڻǷˡϽдϢע㣬ȴ֪עʲôҲֻһһ˳ƲһǸ˵Ҫʲô
, ԷڹͻȻʧѲ뵽ĳЩʱϺɺϵ顣Ҳյ¥Ϣ
ԷϢ֮ҲȷʵЩһ£ȻǻɶԷǲǱһյϢǶԷҪӵĿ¡
Ȼ²úţ־ƺǲܡΪǸƺһмܵ顣
ҹɫƺǺܰԶԶĿǸĲٰĽСûаҪص顣
±ݶϸǸҹµֱһjioߵˡȴȻе㲻ԾȻ鲻ԾҲΪ˶Է¥ɱ֣ǺȻֵǱƺǴһ⡣
ǹͦ͵ģվĸߣԶԸɾܿ⡣۾ϸĹ۲һ󣬺ȻǱӦһ
ǰһƥͷһĺܸɾĳ򡣸ĺǼŮÿ˶ŽΣģûǰС
ûоһ·ϵκˣ˳Ϊյųһۣű⣬ЩûпģѾ˯˶Դ˶һ֪Щ˾һЩϢ飬κ˷֡
䲻ôһתͷ;ˣǰˣֿ˼º¥ķ˹ȥ
ĿǰλҹµʱҲûж˼֪ǳʲô»Ǳҹĥŵˣڻš
ת¥ֻڽֵĬĬнĳӾǹĳһûڽô춼ûһ˳𣬲ûע⵽ע⵽Ҳҳ
ҹĸһ˶ѴĬĬװ˰ݣмÿСƺָŴҪȥȻͨͨҳק˻ȥȻһᡣ
Ϊλĳ·˰ء˻µ̵ʹ˻ôԶҲʱ̼ǵñְ
Ǹһֱգƺƿһ룬·һ紵󣬳ھͺȻһˡ
ԭһڱ۾Ϣڳڱ΢紵ʱȻ۾ǰֵˡ
Ȼһ룬͵ͷСĳڰ
°Ȼֿ۳ﱻǼֵֹĺˣЩãȻʣЩ˴ģ
С˧ãȻ·ײİ
·ײץ˼Ҹʲôʡ
ҿץС˰С˧ֱ׳˵
ץС³Ĭ˼롣˵Ǹ˲ļģֻǵ˵ǸСŹģʣЩʳĵ𣿡
ʳˡС˧ԥһµ¥ġ
ŶµıȻͱøĪôһĪ⣬С˧͸ʲôˣֻܸһĪ⡣
˾СĳĸĪ⡣
˼Ĳĵʱ򣬺Ȼɽһֻӣɻһ룬˵Լողǲŷŷһֻ𣿰ճ˵ӦòôͻģôͻȻͻһֻ
Ȼ뷨ûһ룬ŵʼ洫˹һ˴˲ļʮֻӣ۷֮Ķ˽ȥһƬССơ
Ȼ׷ʲôģǸɵҲʶǳˣҾԲС¡
ãȻ֮ʣȻֵϴһ죬ƺ˲Сİʲôڵˡڿտҹƺĳ©Ľġ
Ҳ˲û᲻ᱻٲõ˷ˣæץԱһֱӣϵֽȴֻм򵥵ļ֣ߡ
۵СأԼ˿ڿˮƽҲûɶУ˵ʲôԵ԰סûзϹĥʱͬҲ˽ֵϵһ졣
ʲôһ£˵ʲô
ȥæͱ˵ܣҪεľ棬קûקסֻ֮ܿززں溰ʲôϵ
ȻûйϵֻǵҪܶѣߵõʱ˿
˴ŵֿ̨˿һ˵ĴãֹţСȥˣȥҲ֪ƣҪǿָֹˡ
²Ż˷ѣȻǰٲ˷ѵǸ
˹ȥ˻ϵյ̨šõǹŵģûŶǻģʲôʱ¡
ƿſ˿⣬һˣֵ΢Щտ˰СӷűЩ⣬ʲôûʣ¡
ղʲôôʲôûУղųʱҲֻΪ˶ʣʱ˿ľЩˡתһȦҸոǸصʲôȴȻڴᵽһֵζ
ζ˵΢İȴֹϤһᣬȻʶʲôζ
ɱ
һգо̨˱һְ״̬ƺһתӣȻŲãϨ
ȻתͷڵͷҲصĳŲķ˹ȥûˣּæ˻ƽ˯ǸС
£һŭ𣬡ôƫƫʱҲ˰
ڳھ֣ʵԼûܹһڵ˵Щˡ
ʱڵһƽﱻ֣ڴʱ˿ȴԵø⿿׵Ļ

꣬İ˰ݷ

, ȻͻȻͳôһӰһ, ܲΪ¥ûġ
ôҲô÷Ĭеġôʱ䶼ûͲЩ, ˵ȥˣôʱ㹻ڽôһ˰
ɻʱźȻһƿһҴҵ˽Ȼתְˡ
Ķͱһ, ΪһƬɷ׵, ʲô˵һ
ֱûа٣κο˶Ƶˡ
ʵ˵ҲǵһʶˣжԷ¶ֱʱ񻹴ûй, үС˳˳ˮ, ʲôܰųӣ
Ȼ֪ʱ飬ǰʮ˵Ӵͦ, Ǹһ㰲ȫġ
ںȻֱӽӴʵĽСүڵñȽ׵Ļ˵ǡеš
Сôˣ
ַŵϣһƣȻ۾תһߵ̨ϣһתͷϨˡ
ԭŹİٲһӱú, ȥ˶˯һ
ΧȫϨĹҲЩ¡ղſǸĸһĳţȻû׷ʲô, û£¶Էôһֵӡ
̬ǱصĶ࣬ϾڽҲള˼꣬ʱжԼϣʱ۲һвԾ͸Ͻߡ
ƻߵʱҲûڵϾոոͷƵĳȥһˣûôͣպÿԴĿոնʲôŻᱻųӡ
ʲô𣿡һƬСžҹɫＸϸıϣ¾ȫˡ
СôʱˣϵǣڻľȻǻ²ڵ£ƽʱ˵Լʱܵľ
ƽʱһֱ˼𡭡ĬĬ²ۡ
ȻҲû⻰˵ҪųȥһסΣգɱҿ˭棡
Ҳóȥһء˵ŻǼųţֻʣһһᣬһҧǸ˳ȥ
ɱĬĬظŸոĻ˵¥ѾĪǻ¸ոǷʲôΣղųȥ
ʲôΣգ¥ɱֹˣ
ɫһݣʱ˿̲˸ղһԼ˵顪ٲҲһСģѱᱻϡ
¥ɱȷʵһоûУ³˳ȥ˵¥˾ˣĻڰٲøĳط˳ڷһս
ӣѾ׼˯ˣ˭֪ͻȻӡЩɻʣôˣ
ϺˡҲû˵̫ϸֻǸĪ˵ôһ䡣Ȼ֮ô˵Ϊô˵Ͳ֪˵ЩʲôˣΪȥɶҲû
ڰٲûлµ£˵ĹǣϾĿǰ˵սģܱȻ£ĴƾСƨ
ˣüʣ¸أ
㻹¸磿ʱ׵ľˣһɸֵӵ
¸硭ʱȥˡԥһʱҲǾˣСȥȻҹһȥš
Уҵȥ¸硣֮Ȼ˵Ҫ𽣳һ¡
æקס
ȵȣﰡ
㻪ôҲǸеģ˵İ
͸ƵģקŽҪߣȻû󣬱ϾСţƿŵʱȻһȥǵĿ㡣
һ㶣ͬʱǽٲõǸİˡ
ſڵǸİ˾վſڣ򶨵ĵҽȥ

ԭһֱڸ͵͵˵أȻԣȻҪȥողȷ¥ɱֵĿ˭Ŀ걾˾Ȼȥˣԥ˼뻹ǴӸڳš
ԼðסСɵ£ĪĸоʱȰסСպ硭ԣ֪ˣƻᱻ
һֱû˸ԼɵˣϹĵ˼£ֱӰŪȻţһӭһѽ
ûж⡣ýָ֪Ҫʲôǡ
Լαװһʲô֪ȺڣϵžųȻпһССͿѾģˣǸ˵ͽܡ
㲻ǰ컪𣿻Լǳ¨ӣûӰˡб۾㱻קʱҾ˵СϹק˻£˭֪ЩǲǱģ
û˵ٲڳʣµͬʱ˵
ܰٲõж²ĻǾͶôģֻʱѡ
ģҡӲͷƤ¥ɱץͱȽСĺӣѾ˺üˡ
̫˶ʲôݣʵ仰˵ʼղ˾ͨͨˣܾӦеݡ
ͬԸסôһСطһԵ˵ʵûһɡ
˻ǲʵϵڳʶ㡱˵Ѿ˾κˡ
¥ֵʱ򣬾ȷԼѾЩ֮֮ˡ
ʵͷܵĳ嶯ΪûطΪһھֳĺӣȻƽ̸¥ûʲôȴֺ֪ĺ塣
ǣô죿һҪȻͱٰɡ
֣ʱ㱨ʲô٣Ͱ͵˵
ǲ¸ȥŵİ鼱֮£ɴѻµĵڶְҵˡ
ϣһĳӿڡ̧ͷ۰ٲõݶͫСںҹ￴һֻèһ
ЩװĶǸָĽΣ֬ˮۣ޳С
¸ոڳС˧һ·ûʲô˵̲飬С˧練Ǻ̹ϵ˵γȻҪĿ£˳Ҳ̣ϻи˵Ķ
Ȼͷ˵㣬ҲΪƷŵĳӣһӦȫٸ׷ʲô⡣
´ΪôһгӣǴڴ棿˵ӪֶΣ
û뵽С˧Ǹ̵ĺòϰ
¶С˧¶һЦݣתͷһɫŽߵ·һסȻ˲ʧ˳
ٲĸò⡣
е뱨٣е밴еֻȫ֪ô죬һһ
ǰһԱŻ¸ոճȥˣ˵ڰĬĬضһͶˡ
ڼ˶ھʱȻһӰһæ
ǴӰŴһĶ˴ֽ˹
ɱַٳٲڻǰ಻סˡ
ԭʮ־ȴȻ洫һ죬ȻǸҲǺһ˴ֽ䵽˵ϡ
ʣµ˶ͻȻһ¸Ū÷Ӧ˰ģȴȻһƿţ׷˳ȥ
ŵٶ̫죬˶ûзӦ
ҲҲΪ⾪˵ٶȣҲ׽һӰӡ
˾ͿյԺݶƺվһˡ
Ķӣɫߡ
ϵĹһɴĴ޼䴹£ĨʺͰ𪽻ӳ
µƺңңһۣʺĴ˴¡ֻһۣʹǵǰʧ

꣬Ļ

ȻһƳ, ĸ˶סˣǼΪԼۻ, ոڵϵһʵ˵ġ
վȺ, ԶԶĿǸ뿪ˣܱϿɲ, нȼһɻ̵ҽӡһνӴϵЩûˡ
ЩǼֻԶԶĿţȴԶӴˡ
Ҳոƺ˴ǸɱֵĶ, ֱϾ;Ӧ磬֪ôӾͺȻһȣžͳ˳ȥ, Ҫ˾ʲôӡȻͺȻһİϤˡ
ΪĹոǶ̶̵ļӣʶǰǸ˵ѰһµӰ, ϸ֦ĩϳ˶Ǹľڰ￴һˡ
Ȼȥܲ˼, κһ˵¶, ľôˡ
ǰ˵òʱҲǳһΪ֮ǰ֪˵ʵ, ǡǡΪʹ֪˶Էʵݺ, ɱǿҵĶԱȺͳ𺳵ˡ
ΪδЩ̫ررһǶһǰµĽ
֮ǰҲԶԶƳӣ󲿷ֶżȻϵ, 컹ͷһΡ⡱ҡֱ桱˶Է
ƽαװӣӵĻ
뿪ǰ￴һۣһЩܰѾԷ˺öΣ⻹ͷһζԷһ˿ûκڹ
һŵɻһ˿棬ƺǺΪʲôôųǰһ⣬ǳװµһ׵ĺ⡣
Էƽ򵥳ȵĴ͸¶һº͵ůȫͬƽԷˣڿǻɱ˵ġ
ղǲܹȥһˣڳΨһһƽ˵ֻˣ˴ŰӺ󣬺Ȼĳôһ仰ڳļž
ҳȥһ仰ŪûȻ˳ȥ˶ľٶŪһ㶡ʵҲǲβģղžôֱֱĳƤӵ£ܺԼٳſͱֱӵµˡ
׻˵Сģģ߽ʱ͵çһ
ûṦȥ˰ٲƽＸôõһСѶǰĲİῪȻƿš
Ƕ˲ΪʲôôٲһܷôˣΪŵһ˲䣬͸һƬǳ͵Ĺ⡣
ŴִиǳֵĵطǹŴһ߰˵ͺڲ¡ˣִ˵Ҳֻҹĸոտʼѡ
䲻ȻڴϿôľ󣬴ҶֲʵУǰžǰٲǸϤСţϵ̦ҲϤ״
ôôˣҹôõĵطҲֻзشҹУ¥ϣ;ΪĵضΣЩطﶼǴϱߵġ
ƿţС̽ͷȥһۣȻӳľһֻĶ顪
ֻ鳤ļһͷǰǳþµһĹݣ߸ߵľһյ͸ƣ
ųǸͷСһЩƣɴĹڳ࣬ƱģȵǸûһһײ
ϻϵ˶ǰţûһ˳߿ʹǰٲΪҲ̽ͷ
ֻǰһֻվֲʵľ󣬵ֻӴǵǰʱǻǱľ𺳵˵
Ψһһע⵽ǵģһڡǳΪݻΪĳýһǲʶһ껨ͼ
ٲʱڵƺǲʲôҾͿƿһǣڵƺǳԶԶĿһۡ
ôһƳǷֳڵĹƺĻҪǿһЩƺˣǵֻһ
кȻǸոճݶϵǸˣϵƺѾժȴûȥֻббĿϡ߾һƳʱ򣬻㱼ƺһ͵üۣüΧҵҲֻճһŹӰ
ƿӵһ˲䣬ϵһյƱһ£һ죬Եġ
ֻǸ˳ԶԶĿһֻۣжǹֻ꣬һע⵽ǣһȺӣвݷˣֻеһǲ֮ģңңĳһۡ
ֻλΪʲôŻأ
ٲõЩĪתͷôһѾĳˣһĪ˷֮⣬ҲΪʲôǱĳⱲӶнͻȻע⵽˵ĸо
Ӻܿ챻ֻȻȥûоͷʵнٶȺܿ죬ǼʮʱԶȥˣһȻιֺȻָߡ
ٲõ˻ſվûǻδȫʧû뵽Ҫߡ
ɿŸոճϵķţЩ죬ϡǵ⻨ͼػϵĻͼͻʲôʱ򹴴ϵģڴ֮ǰδ˵˲
Լյй鱨¥úػϳֹһΣȻˣʧ˺ܳʱ䣬һʱôѾ˼Ҳûҵйһһۼ
ﾹȻҵͻơ羹ȻϵҲ˵¥󲻾ãȻȻļ˻
Ǹ˼𶯵飬Լ䷢һܡ룬Ȼȷӳ¥˻Ϊ˻ͳ¥
ΪԼֶ˼񵴣ûа취ٳȥˣʱȻһѰŹϣȻصĴչ˵ûûҰ˵Щˣ
ˡĵղŻ˼Ҿһ
ҲǾһɣתͷĵ
Ҳһʵʵ˵ֻҪߣʱضߡ
⻰òͦǷģͰһۣžȥ˴á˿ľٶ˹ȥʣȥʲô
ȥ濴û˰ɣȥҸղŵǸɱôˣղžһȻһֱûˡ
ˣͱ˰ˡ㲻ҲԸˡ
С˭أһмӣﱻµĵƣ˨¥ɱ־վǰˣҲ
⻰˵ͺȻͣˣΪӭײһˡ
˵ϻɫ·ϲûŵ֮Ķ
žҹɫ䲻һ˾վһ
ҧ˿ĭϳǰǻ¡
¸磡
۾Ҳżĵղȥˣ
µʱǾͺȻĹǣϾʵ˲ףȴǸԶ˰ĵˡ
ղŻЩµϳǻº󣬾˲һ
Ҳû˵ϱˣոյľŹЩڹ࣬˵ƽﻹ壬ղȥˣ֪ƽʱܴԼףôؼʱȥˣղڽϿֻ𣿡
Ļ߽һʱİӻںڰУĪЩ
̤ȫͶˣ¶ϤϻϤº͵ЦݣϻһССĺ«
ԶԶվ󣬲һֻǰĿŻ¡
У´һĺ˽Ȼеĺ«ϡ
ȥЩơ¿Ʒǳ˼Ц˵ԼһţͻȻرȾƣɵûˣҾͳȥ˵㡣
ֻһȦڴõ˵˾ɻ飬˵пôʵ
ôһǾͶոաʲô𣿡

״̬

ҿ, Ȼ״ΣգǸôһԾأȴûҵˡ
˯һúڴ˵ŻòڷĴԼжôӢ, 조ڳĳһŮӺһС, ʣµľǸ·İˣڳ˵Ĺǡ
۾ȥˮϴ˯΢һЩȻĻû硣
ٲ˻ҲȻ˯ʱ䳤٣ֻ̫˷Զûô˯ãһ졣
ϴʱһ±Ƶ, Ȼ±ƺţƾͿʼڰٲõϿսӳ
ⶼʲôʱ°ôȫ֪
Ȼ¥ɱ֣
Ǹӻǵſڣ
һϴһɻ, ͻȻЦٲµ, ˵, 򶼲ᷢ֡
ҲǾ˲ˣһȥ, иҪˮһײ˳ӣŵˮûȻڵˡ
Һû˶ѵĳ費, ˵ʱ᲻Ц
˵ҲֻçĲеİٲһ, ˵Χж˿Ҳûע⵽ַ͵͵̽С۾
û´γʱӦڳд֬ˮ۽, ŻݵáȻ󳵶ںôһȦǶ硣
ܿϧ, Ϊ˻»
ӪŻ̾˿Ǹvipͻ֬ˮ۵, ˵ֹϵ⣬Щ˾Ԥ֬ˮ۵ĳĳʱ̶ţȻһţͻᷢôһԼǰ
¼ǵԼΣȻɻΪʲôĻ룬ΡȻôʵ()˵ӣ
Щӵ֬ˮ۵˵һӦ˷ܻ߿ģǿ־塣ΪıģȻôһѳԼǰһӦ϶ǿС絽ˣԼ̯ʲôˡ
ϴҲȥ˴ãûٲûûţ𴲵ʱҲûƵġһ¾תͷ˵ϣⲻ׵Ļô
ˣûڣתͷ£Ϊָղ˵˰죬Ȼûһᵽµġ
Ȼȥˡ˵˵ʱҲǴ磬ƽʱôȾƣǸʱǺʲôƣ
ੲߵĶ棬ֹס֣ҲûԵְɣЩ鲻ǿ򶼿ˣǸĲˣ·ƵġϣԺ˵ûˡ
Ļ˵ֱµͷ࣬鵹е㾫ʣҲûͷ̧
ȵһʱºȻһ£Ǹİأ
һˣ֪ʲôʱߵġ
һ£ſڿ˿һǸ˲򵥰֪˵ʲô˵¥ɱץСһֱȰȥǲŵ˰
ҲòԾ˻µģе㲻ԾǸ˳ֵʱͺܹŹ֣ˣϾͳˣǻģĪǻµġͬ¡
Ǳ仰ͻȻˣɱʲôˣ⵽Ϊʲô
ȻֱһŪˡ
ȥǸ˭ô֪µģڰٲøΪʲô
һӾͰѻ¸ˣŷ˰죬üŻعƴغ˼ڡ
˺üҲû»Ӧò׵ȵзӦˣͿͺ˼󣬰ϣȻתͳšôֱ˺棬²ػʱԼҲһ£תͷǣһ˵ˣ
ڰٲøѰһ£ǸӦҲû߶ãṦãôṦ»׷ϣȻʵ֤ܵıӻ죬ҲרŷŻµġ
ӣ֪˻µݡ
˵˭亹ˡȥȻǰ¥ҵЩڣʱͻ¥ǲһü֪硱ڵˣἸ˲Ͱϵһȥˡ
Ȼ¾ͺܽŵĳŰȫܣ뿴ԼǼû¡
ܵ˰ȫݣļ˾ں󣬻²˿
˵ЩڻǵҸʱ䴦һ£˵ĵطȥʵ֪ȫĵطԼЩ翴ˣȻʬ𼣣ֻôĶһǰġ
飬¿ʼһЩ֮ǰԼ©ĵطϴͷƺ˼ճ⣬˸йصһЩ¡
ӡһּҲĳֿԴȾĶⶫԴʱҲˣⶫ϶¥źĹϵ¾ҵϸϣֻطܹҵһ¥һš
Ǳߵº˵¥ӴơණһԱ⼸Ҳᵽ˹ƣȻֻǼ򵥵һ䣬Ѿ㹻ûˡ
֮ǰע⵽ἰ÷ӱһǵķ÷ӴӵԱ⣬һַ÷Ӵڱ״̬֮С
һλǼ¼ߵ˼һպ糬ǵĿƸô죿ҪҪʹһЩֶΡ²²⣬ǸνֶӦþǽ˵Ȼٽ
ǰһֱһʣǾȻϱӶѾˣⱲʽڣͲܲ谡Ŀǰ˵Ҳû̫ľٶڸйصûСһôı֮أ
룬¾ô侲пΪһֱڱ״̬ɻ˿ɲͱ𣬻ʵͦʿ絽һʲôĸо⻰ֲ̫˼ڡ
˰죬¾ػһ¡ʿԷܲĳԴǿжȡȨһֱЩûɵӣ¾ԷúõĽһ£Ժʲô¾Ҫһˡ
ҲһͽӵǸڽֵϵ飬Ȼﻪµ˲࣬Ǹ껨ͼͳǰЩƯС˿ɲһġ
Ϣڽ紫ŵĸԱУڻ̫󷽣Ŀڶ࣬ϸڽʱӴϷ
ͬܵ˾ŵĻиմȫӳһǡ

һ仨ڣһµʱ¶ζЦݣĪǡˣ
û뵽ô˼£Ҫҵ˾Ȼô󷽷ĳƤӵ£ڵͼûУҲûҪǣ˳ֻΪǶĴεЩ¥ɱ֡
˾Ͷ֯Խĺˡ飬ǵͷһǸΪֶԼŵˡ
û뵽˱ĸҲӴ󵨰С˵ţȴЦˣǲ֪ܲӳҵġ

ץ׳

³, ٲճˡȻ⼸Ҳûŵģµľ飬ʱСĸ߷ڡ
ҲûôЪŵĻ¿˰ٲõĴšǸֹʧ˳˻һ̣Ϊôȥ, ûҵ
а˿ֲ˹ԼһҪ⡣
Ҳ֪ûи֪еͷ
֪ûв¥ʱ˿̶ͷҲġ
ٲһ, ǱߵķҲˣʮһ·ţֻµð
ǰ˻һ, ûסǸСкôˣ󷽷˵˻ûȻûˡ
һʼڽоʮ, Ȼ, ǸµĻشǡءû°
Ա֮, ºȻֽĻشеοֵ, ʵҲǰӡ
ǸСкݻڻûʲô², ¥ԴҲ벻ھڻĺҡ
ͻǱֵһģ±һˣΪԼҪһȥȫ򣬻ǽһ£ʶ½λøԼһж
ȥȫ, ¥һģֻһǰ˳ѡ
еĳһЩڵʱ㣬ô˵Ҳó¥ӴˣⱲӵĽȻûȥ¥ѡһȥȫ
Ҳû·ǳԻһطʱΪֻϹֵĶѣͼûĹȻֽг̾Ȼǰһġ
ǵϹ֣ǰεİһ
²ΪԼĳ֣Żȥȫ򣿱ϾϱûСôڿܴһ»¥Ҫ̶ȣԾͰǶλɵȫˡ
ǻµǸ¥ΪϱӹͳǵģռbossȻȥȫһĺЧӦɵеɵۡ
˵ĪҪ¥һɳĽࣿ
¶Խδ磬Լδ硣
ڴ˰ٲãٲļ˴쵽׷ʲô¡
Ҳ̫һˣҲˣʱ³ȥˡЦЩΣȻק˹
ڵԼûѵ黹ЩƵģĿ
˵ԼСһڵĵطĴԣӶ䶯ˣһ죬ʲôû黹кܶܶ࣬ϵЩ͸޹أÿһʲô˼͸ϲϡ
ô˵ʱ򣬻¾վȺùĬĬؿ˵߸Ƶֵ״Ȼûʲôֵ£˵ȥ
֮͸һٴȻСơ
ôܴҲɵģ⼸ķͺǸѾֹһ˼ˣ˶ǸȤұͦġֻӽӴôһһλλðӴҲͰٲôˡ
ܸϡʡһʡ
ҲǸˣȻôЦǺǵ˵˰죬ǿǸ˵ĳ࣬ǳӾжˡ
վſڵȽȵʱ˼ɤӣ׼Ƚʲô統ʱΪʲôûڰٲãƫƫǸʱʲôơЩƭƭٲõ˻УƭûҪˡ
˼ԼӦô࣬˵Լٰٲ׼˯أȻ洫Щֵ׷ȥȻͱˣΪ˲ǵģ˵ԼȥơԣôࡣԼ˺üιľ
Ȼߵǰʱʶ˵˵һֻû˵ڣȻʲôˣȥȫ֮ǰǻȥһطʱǰһߡ
ǰһ㶣ǰȥʲôˣ˵ǰľ˵Ҫȥսޣ֪ȥûȥء
ȥˣ׼⼸书Ҳ£ʱ
˵һѶЪȵ˵ʱȻѾȥʮӡ
ſĳ򶼹һˣһ֣תˡ
´ͷβûһ仰һʼ̫һֱ̲סӣۿʼȦԼﶼ˵ģɱһ㶼
ȵˣŷԼĽһ仰Ҳûϣ׼ˣѹû
¾Լ񱻹ˣһ˵òˬʱ˿̻ͦˡ
ʮ壬Ԫһ졣
׼Զţٳǰ˹һʲô£һҪֵӢһ㡣
ٲ߷ӿģºܺһٲĴ۵ģǾ̫ˡ
˵ƽʱôףôҲ㹦򣬱ҪʱһҲǿԵġ
û컪µ飬ʧ¾ͱԼСˣȻȻ̤˱ĵ·
ӣһ¾ͿڳЦһ£ҲЦһ£ĵԱһϤˡ
ôҲˣ¾ȵĿǣǿ˵ӳġ
ˡת˳˽ܴɫĳӣ濴Ǻۣŵļ˾ô档
Ҫȥģ·ʣƺǺܾȵ˵ûиҪȥɽɡ
ڵϷ̶¼ڽ΢΢̧ͷŹ߿һְۣͷ¡
Żһ·Żɽȥ
νġɽɡʵڻɽϣͬſ϶ֻڽһ
Ҳлɽɵˣ٣Ϊɽڽвҵ
͵˻ɽɵĲҵ¡
ɽڽ￪˺ü꣬ƾŻɽɵ⻹ͦ¡ġ
˳֮ͿһĽ֣νԺɶʮ㣬ĶǽͣһվַӾͻ˭ôһܡ
ǸסһǰȽġĵʲôģ
ץ׳شر죬úĻº緹
šСѽ΢עһ㡣
һӵǽŵŲźץأţҸʾһ£´ξͲˣԼϡ˵Ž·˽ȥ
ºں濴Ž˽ȥҲһ˽ȥ
ʵ˵»ͦ潭ʲôġ

ɵӱҹգ

ɽȻǽһɣ׻ֵ», ͷ˭ûиٷеϵ, ţĽȥ, Ͼͱ뵽ż䡣
ĥϱǲҲôһ磬Ϳſһˡ
½˿Ľ׼洺ȥкһתͷȻԱߵĻ£˲䶼İһ£ҺûûԼǸʲô, ˼ǿлͷ
ЦǺǵ￴, ºȻִ, ԼǲǱųӵİ, ܸоԼ, ᶼҪƬ˵̸Сһ㣿
ʵﻹڷβ
ղű˽й˵иŵ, æʰùҪŵʲôָʾ, ͷͿҲЦǵϻһ൱͵·
ǸڳȥԸײ˰
Եʱ׻, һʮܲµǵ﾿жôľʵϵ֪ҪȥȫʱҲһľ
ȻЦǺǵģʵеЩ΢Ĳڵģֻܿ΢Ц⡣
״нò黹ȶ, ˸սʱ¸оһ⣬Ķáԣ°״ûеɱָ췭ظΪȶϿɼ״еҪ󲻸ߡ
Կ֮еĪľȫļ仹ûȫˣ¾ܵͻȻվ·ȻͳһѴ󵶡
͵͵Ҫץ˾
˺еڻɽһѾ㲻ˣ֮ǰҲȥȫ㲻̫Իµ
û˼ӣֻȷһϱǲҲץģȴ˵ŵС̣Щƽû¾ţ˵ʱһǶץˡ
ɵҲУǻͬ𣿡ʡ
ͬҲͬģΪԼҲǺܺùһͷĸûмӡԼ֪ôЩӣҲܷǲܡûŵİһµġȻˣǰæɵôˣ
仰Ϣе󣬻֮ǰɽɵһԿԧ죬Ǿз˷ӣŮзӵʮͤʱ;üһ£ϱȴûе֡
켸ɺ֮䶼ЩСףŰＸɷֹơɢҸһЩ÷ӿǵķʽϱӳ˹òƶ¥ֿ϶Ըźĵطɻû¡
ΪʲôҲѾ֪ˡ㣬㿼ǵˣ
ԱЩᣬ˵ɽڲǺܺõӰԵıҲӡ
ôϸһ۲죬²ע⵽ԵĺȦˣһҹܾõӣЩ飬ϱй״ϱӵʱڸʲôģ
ƴʱߣȻԭʱѾ¥ﰲ仧ˡ
ɽɵʱ񻹳˵飬Щ״ﶼֵһᡣԺЩҪתͰѻɽЩ鶼ˡ
ʱյ¥ãʼʱ˵ĿлǸ൱ɫ¥ģϾû̫
˶ۻȫǡ˼ֶЩ̣Ҳһۣ˿¥Ǹطͦģ˸ס
Ǹʱ˵ɽɻҾƾԵʱĸ飬ǲ˵ҪǾ͸ǣ˵Ҫ̫͸̫
״еֱ˼ά˵ˬľᣬϲľͳ
¿ǰᰡҲܸܵĵԵ̬
һԼģлɽɵƶҲŵƶڴӦҲ൱ٻصȫҲ֪ȫԵдʱ˿̲ڵ
Ծ˺óʱ䣬˵롭
ţȳȥԵ㶫˳ȥҲ˳ȥ·ԵʱתͷһۣԱһۿһ顣
Ȼ˲е΢
΢ĵڿȻᱻŵһһģǵϱһ｣ɶԾɶ
ŶˣⱲԻû̸Ľء
¸ǳȥ˸رȽľ¥ԷʱЩɻʣӦ𣿡
Ӧô죿Ѿݲ࿼ˡ֪ɽи𣿡
֪ǵɽ𡣡
ϸ·ˡ
˲;ˣòһǳ˼飬˼˼ɽ˭
ǻɽɵһеĽͣļ˻䲻ʲôλá
˵Ѿһ˲ˣϾԼҲһŵͨС
˵ҲѾ˲ˣϾֻǻɽɵһӣͷҪơơĴҲһأѾ㹻ͷö
ϱӻԸˣûļȷʵû˵̫ӡֻΪ˶˵Ҳͬκһͨˡ
òôһͰԸĽͷöˡ
ͻȻ֪Ⱳûûȥ¥ôһ켣
һӸ׼ʱػɽȥ֡
ֻȥʱ򣬻Ĳ׽ƺڴ˼ҵһԡ
þȫȥ˵ȥһܰסɽɵ
ǰҲûͼıģȥǸ
ǾȥǸնĵϾȥ˼ҵģó⣬ҲӦǡ
Ͳİ취𣿡ЩʵĵǾͲ뻹ûʲôİ취𣿡
»ɽҲ֪һЩҲǣ˴ϵôܣôһ֪롣
ȻҪܵŵİͿ϶ҪʲôɽԴˣĴҪɽɵȥġ
ɽϱ˵Ǻ֮ܶ࣬ǰɽɷչ˶֮ɲΣûлɽôģǻɽⳡŵĽвûи̫Եʣ
ҲǣϾǮȫҪһ仰ΪΪмҲ״ɵһ
ڲͬˣΪɵѾˣ½ͦء
ûȽӣ˸䣬ȥһط
ԤУûİʱôһ㡱

˫

ȫڻ˵Ǳܷۣ˵Ǿ·, ĳЩ˵ѵõá
ΪȫһرÿĿ֬, ֿ֬涼򲻵ֻȫСϸỬ, ˱ǡ
һӾͷ֮и, ϴҪְٱɻĵ, Ÿչ꣬ôô˾˰
, ֵطϣԽԽ, Ի᲻ͣ, ֻķʽͬ
˷̯һ֬ϸĴһ¡
ȫ֬ӺҲͬ, ⵹ǻ¹ض֮Ĺϵ, ûʲô˼ȥȫ¿̵֬ĹϵΪӽʲôҲҳ˿¾Ͳôĵˡ
⣬һ˿۵Сջסϴɻ´ҡڵĳȥһҵغĿջһ㶼ͬ
Ǳˣ˵ȻҿջûãΧоͶ˺üϤ, Ⱥ֮ţһ𽥵ķɢ˿
¿Ǳ뿪ˣڴϻı۾
һλصطֵȴûһôȻһͦСĿջ, ûʲôֽţҲûҹͺܵСջĴһɣԼҲ˯ˡ
ɻʣӳǲҪɸҹʲô𣿡
ûҪ˯ɡ˼ҪǾͲ÷ˣ˼ҪǾ͸÷ˡ
ƶǶĴ󷽷˯ˣһ;
ʵ˯ţֻҪͻܣĪƤһᣬ׼ȥ͸͸磬һžͿҲվϡ
εĶԿһᣬȻ˴˶׶Էǳ͸ģЦһ֮ɴվһˡ
ϴλȥôԵšз𣿡
ôһ˵Ǿ͸ˣΪ֪ʵǻµûб¶(ûﶼᶨΪ¾)ԥһӳû˵ȥҲû˵ȥ
ֱ˼ʰס
ҲƭʦˡҲ֪˻᲻С˵ȥȻֳʲô
пᡣ
ǾԼǸͦĵˣôһ˵Ȼ;ԼƵġ
͹ת˻⣬Ȼ˵˵žͲ֪ôİѻƵϴȥϣž;ëȻ˵Щ¼ʲôĶרԤǸ˵ģ
۾Ͷ˿ջһϣպþͰһǳµ¼ܣΧ롣
ԺǰҲע⵽ĬĬص˵ͷԱ˰죬󷴵Ȱǣʵͦ˼ģ´˵Ҳлȥ
Ҳǵطʲôġһϵ˵ȻǵطŮܶࡣ
ȥͻῴֵķΧˡԺȻ˵
ˣǵط󣿡
һ˵ֵطȷʵǻģ˵һñӻҪ󡣡˵
˵ĶԻ²ءڴϣðָͷ
ϴμǸúü˵ľСкʱҪҪʱʱĳ͸͸硭
Ϊ״һֱ͵͵Ķţ¶״еЩʲôڻ˵ʵǸͦΣյġ
˵ԭǾǻ˽Ҳ״иһ㡣ĳطڷûкôģܸʱʱĳȥ͸͸磬á
¾иǳʺ״жĽɫ档
պ˵ҲлºͻҪһֵ±˰ͻֿñ˻ͬһˡ
ʹ˰һȥݻ棬Ȼ״ô桱һͺɻºͻͬһֵĳ棬ʽǸСкʵʲͦõģײ˷֣˱ĹҪ
ԽԽףƭȿȣ˵״ͬƻˡ
̽ʣ״У벻氡
״вûг
εһԼļƻ˵˳ȻǱи˸ͦƵģ´ߵʱ˳ϣ㿴𣿡
ٳûлػȴľһҲ״˵ʲôġ
ô˵϶״ûʲôʵУԻ׼һ¡гС𿣬Ȼдֽûһ׼ãʱ
еǸˣĳŽȥ˰ٲõС˧硣
˸µĻ࣬һŰסߣûܿĳû˵ˡ
Ҫǡ·˶ŮװûɶУϲҲᣬκװܵ˯´ԸʵûΪǸδ˲š
ŵСòƾڴϵֻС𿣬Żµʱ򽾰ͦСţܾʶ
Ҫ¥Ǳ߻ʲô£Ͼˣ¥ǱҲˣȻһĿʲô鶼룬ͦĴһˣʵϣҪĵ黹Ǻܶġ
ͬɽɲòŵĴȫԼһҲñŵĴȣֻķʽôһЩͬ
¥ĳһ֬ƿ֮ᵽ˱ǵһϾ¶˺ı顣
¥ɱŹѪŲζǵĶЩ޹ء
˵Ǹͼط𣿡Ǹ֬ӣЩζ˵
ǡԱߵһϹϾĵͷ˿˿Լе֬ӣ̧ͷۣأ
ԱߺȻվ¼ü׹ۣ¼һȦݵնȥˣҪٿ»һӿ¶û׹ݵô졣
֬˱棬Ǽ֣ĳ
ôˣԱߵʡ׹ۻع˺ӵûʲô
ְѺӵ£ʲôûзһ
ۣҼɫɱˡЦ˵Ҵû㻹Ҫɫɱ֡
Ǹ˱Σ׹ۺȻ˵Ǹ˵¥ӳȥһ̣ѾԶ׷ˣϣԶļס仰ΪҴƭ㡣
׹۵ͷ鿴ƺʲôû룬˫۾£֪ʱҲһССĺ롣
ǸС˧͵͵ӣһ´кȻȻͿ¡ϣֻ۾һĿֶԼͺȻñһ
ϴ󡭡ְƽʱûָоС˧ĬĬֹһġ¡ڵмҪ㡣
ϴҲҪԵͳһЩ
һҪú¡˵ɱ㰡

ֳ

ȫڰһͨͨӻûκ, ڰʱ黹ǲ
Ȼ, ɫԽԽʱ, ɫ𽥽һƬڰ֮УҲ֮
ڰǸ־Ķ, ȫȴ֡
ôôЩֵ̽ͷ濴˹ȥ, Ȼӳľ˾ˡ
Ҽһſڶ˵, ǵС, ʽͬЩô˳һ·ӵ, һ˹ĵ·һ
ֵĵطûôƾֱܵĵطҲô, ߶ᱻյһƬ͸, Ҳֻһ֡
Ҳ˰˵ֹƻ顣ʱ˼һǸҲ˼һ¶, ûԷǸôľͳԼǰ
ôҼһƣקصĵСʵôСĿջĵСҲ֮ǰȥִջĵСһ飬ֻ۾ⲻ𣿡
, Ѿʮ˰
Ҳûϸ, ԼٶʶԷͻͻȻʲôģֱôС
¥ͿѾʵʵϷˣǸ˦ֱ֡, ĵԸʵֲˡ
õȴ˵ļͣ
Ƶĸ¥ǸС˧ǰ͵͵ȥˣ¿鶼̡˶ԷС˧뿪ʱӳȥġ
ԱΧһ״кС˧̸̣ºȻá״йȻȫͬķ񰡣ʲô뷨ϲɽ·ʮ䣬˵˵öԷ׵֣״Сֱ̫ӣ˾ûһǸúõλϵġ
ͻġ¡ҲС˧˵ӰҲһ£ֻҪ״룬Ūͬʱ˵ĸоҲǲԵġ
Ҳ΢Щ϶˵ҲδţǡһֵСӣ»Ҳ벻ôİ취
ҲѣֻҪᴫǸ˻ѾС
ĵ»ͦġôֺȻᵽط˵ôͻȻģ
Һûϸһ£ͷطҲֻǱ˶ѡǻĳƨҪϲôİɡ
Ȼе£¥¥֮ͷǺѾĻŵЩĲˡЩ飬ƾĶۣûŻǵģϾ鷳
Ǳߣɽ¶ˮģһеӡȥ뷨ʲô
װʲô֪˽ߣԱƳһ۵¥ˣٲҶΪѾˡ
˭Ұر˵
˵˵һӦøʲôûлش⣬һֲ⡣
˵ˣѵ˵һҪʲôǾܸʲôֵֹ̬ģе㵣Լǲ¶ˡ
¼Ȼʵͷϣܲװһ֪ӣ費˼˼ҪȻȥ濴Ϊʲôô
⡣ȻҲûϸ⵽׿ףֱӾʹλǿվѻһæһѰסҾ˵˵ģôż
ŰһֱĵСûеҼ
ҪСô˵ͣ˽Ų

ǣԣϽԼⲻһ𣿻¸뿪ѽͿϷһͳһյССĵСľ͸һһϴδӳȥʱյӵơ
û뵽Ȼⶫˡ
¿յʱһ£ָоһֽתͷȴھѾȥǮһˣû뵽ⶫȻڽ
С˼յеһյܴĺеĸͷСһ㣬ɴӣ滹д֣µһյССӵƣ۷۵ģƹһգָ͸׵һ
СҲ֪µݣõ⼸յƵǶͦ˼ģָоǸѡĵƣϹģȻͷǳ˼ˣ²ǵûʲôʱôˡ
ϰߡǴʲôʱʼأ͹⼸
ŵҪȥ۽ǺȻƳӵĽɹһССӰװûпֻС𿣬ҲĻ˴ϣȻͲǰһˡ
¸ŽǳţȻһ¥ϣֻСƵķ¥ϻµķ˹ȥ
ֵϵƻͨʱ䵹˵ĸоֵ֮ǰȥĻֻһЩģΪϼֻŮӣŵȺ廨ŵģʲôү壬֣ӻ΢嵭һЩֵϵĹϢ
ΪʲôЩϻô񣿡С˵϶˯𣿡
Ϊ࡭ԱߵĻĬĬشĩƷ̫𱬣Ӧ󣬻һʱҲû뵽ô𱬣ŷˮԭ򣬾ȹӶȫĻ˺ͼ͵ͦ996
ϸһߵЩ˻ͻģ˭Ǯȥ
ȻڹŴǺٿôֵĻģŴ˵ʽִֿ˵Ҳһ㶼ͬڻ¿ѾǺˣڹŴֱҹߵ
ЩˡоϴʱЩͬˡǺܽ˵
ƹսǣһطǵɫ˲ֱˣǱߵĽֵϿҲһŵĵһŵĵ֮ǰڻϿһģһֱεĳξԶ֮ȥĻ档
Ҳóʱûˣڼ˵棬ҲµĿǰӡ
ȻΪδҶ˵Ļʵйϵ뵱֡ҲͽϾȫһתۼѾɢ⣬ٶȼֱлҪ죬ֻΪĿںıȽϻ𱬶ѡ
ַڹŴȷʵͦټģǰⳡ˵Ҳֻ꼻һ֣Ժ׬Ǯֻ᲻ᡰӡԶĵط
Ĵǻֵӣ¾Ȼ˵ĸо
ҲĿǰľСʱ֮Ϸɹһֻӣ׼ȷĳŽļ
ַɹһֻ׸룬ֻ׸׼ȷ䵽Եļϡ
ֻӼǰģһǻɽϢһŵϢ
Ժͽɫɻ򶨵ĳ˸ϵֽԱãȻĿţܾЩ̫ƽ
ºȻղȥ˿ջС𿣬İ׸ʱͬ
˵ʹôôƵĪǳʲô



ͳֽһۺ, ˲ͱ, Ȼֽ¿һۡ
¿һۣͷдй¥Ϣ, ʮ, ¥Ȼʼж, жĿ겻֪˭, ֻ֪˺ܴĶ, עһ㣬ʱն
֮󣬱Ҳ΢Ľһ£, ǳİɣ
Ե޹ʵĳĬĬбۿ˽һۡ
ҲͳֽһۣҲ, , յϢ˵¥ж, ֪Ҫʲô
¥Ե޹ʸɽɶϸĬĬбۿһۡ
ϱҲһ˸¥йϸ, ⱲҲûϸ, ôܸйϵ
ºͽĬĬ˽һۣ˭Ҳû硣
ȻҲû뵽ԽӵϢȻһģ˫յϢһģ֤¥Ķеˡ
Ի΢е㵣ĵĵǳŻɽİɣȻδ֪ԱߵĻºͽ
ͽûϹĵģ˻ıӡ
ȵ±, źȻʶһ¡
ȵȣֻСڻ¥ϵء
һתͷͿµıƺ˴֮Уʣôˣ
ûûôĲɵ˵һ䡣ǰ߰ɡ
ǲûڻֵľٶ϶ͣĿ⣬ŵǰߡ
¥ʱȻ֪пܶԸǡԼ
һȦֻ˿ջ¥»ͥŲӣݾͶʳĳС˹ȥͳϰŵֽĿһۡ
Ȼ¥ˡ
ղȫ޹ص˵ĵĹǺ¼˻յһȦ
¥ҪȶԻһְеͷۡ
Ȼ˼Ƶͦģ˵¶¥Ǵ﷢ģ˭֪¥ô֣
ǰµ˿¥Ի֣»ܵΣʲôģƻ¥ܲҵ᲻Ҵ˰
Ҫ˵¶ԻΪֹĵʲôǾǻ˫Ķعһ仰ȥһ֮ھܴǰĻ˵ƾŷḻĶؾ飬¥Ҳһ˿ۼ
ϾôʱĲ˵λսĹһ
ĿǰҲһĿҲΨһĿĶ̫Ķչǲôöġȫ
ĿǰֵĵطϾۼ˲ˣҵҲǴģڻ˵൱Сг
ȫҲͷ۵ģ롣̼ǵĺܾǰȫֻϵһСط֪ʲôʱȻһͦҪĵط
Ƕɴܣûʲôϵ¥ȥҽʱֹۣͦɴܣֻҪȥͿˣôʲô
ĬĬؿŽ˵˼һǹֹ۰øɴŴžͻ᲻Сҵķ
ǶԴһ֪ӣ̽ͷ濴˹ȥ˵Լ˵һ仰Ҿ֮ǰҪˡ𣿡
𡭡ŵˡûʲô˼ٶˣԼ¥Ȼͻһ·׼һ͵͵ĳš
һĽŻ»ػأ˰ҲûӦȵһתͷŷֻ²֪ʲôʱˡ
ȫϿȷֵͦģºڹŴôֵĵطƾ˵һ㶼ϣƻôȫҲû뵽¥ô죬ŸշһǾ͹ˡ
ҲŹģ˵ĪҲ̽һ»ʵǲ¥ôĸϹģѾȷ֪¥Ҫֵ鱨֮
ʶһﰵһ˵ˣеŰһ¥ģΪݴ̫ɫŲ˻ȸں˼ò˵һɹʧܡ
˿϶ǻµķҲķ񣬻˰죬Ȼͷ˺ݣȻˢһӴԭʧ
ȻŹµףǾͲòҲˣҶڵĻ˵гֵĿԸԷ׵ĻᣬôõĻᣬһµǿϧˡ

ջ˯أҲϨŵġ
˯ʱֻܰнëڲϵĲƺμʲô˲飬Ȼĳһ̣۾ӵĳһ俴˹ȥ
ﲻ֪ʱѾһˡ
ȻһȻǸط˹ȥɾؿϵڸסб飬һһ
ŶԷĪЩ顣ǿԼҪڸԷ̸·硣
ȻڸԷ̸Уûһβ·ģ£ڴϣԷ¹ڳڴ¡
֪ô£öԷ۾֮ǰԼҪ}һ㡣֯}˵ĸо͸˹ġ
˵֮ǰ˸ĸоһеΣյһǵˣô˺Ѿɥʧ˸ǣһűŰĹ
һνԷһҿԸԷ桰ƽ͡ĺú̸̸һΣռøˣȴܵ˱һλҪѹȵϢϢ
ô£ͷ亹ָоǴҲˣǾֻһֿܡǸڶ̶̵һڱøǿ
֪һֺаԵĶȻʵǳǿʵͨ׼ģԽĹԽǻ𽥵ɥʧԣҲѾǵһμˡ
̶̵ʱھʲôȻһǣʱǽѹҲûֶԷʲôֵоԷʱڷʲô
ڽԷʱ˿ǵĳǰֱһֳһλεĴŵ
ŵĻ濪ˣղ
⼸һԼֳһѼƤ
ź
һˣ
ʲôһˣ
˸һαȾԸıʲôھҪʲôģҹҪЩʲô
ĬĬؿţŨŨԹУ˵״жϱӿܱɵ黹Թİ
ȻĿǰҪҲ
Сĵһ״У״Ҳû֮ǰ()ĻŽʶ𣿡
ԺԴȻðһ˵뷨ףȻôܣӦð
˾ʲôڲӦûһǰ

ҵض˼·

²֪𾪵ĵ, ȫȫˡ
ΪԷǵı״еס, ϾǶԼе˾ӳɵҲòһ״Ѿˡ
ٰ˾һ㣬¿˵Լ״жôһĸʡ񸹺ʲֳҲʲôöûС
ռѹֵ, µ˼·ƫʮǧԶ
ֻԼ
һֱΪʲôûзǻ˵Ǹܷḻˣʹ, ҲڸǽӴıȽ϶һȺ, ΪԼԷӵÿһ׶λ൱˽ġ
ǰûһֱӴͷǳĲѧ
쳣˵ʲô֪֪ܲʲô£˵һ¡
ڽļ, һⶨõסӵķУ÷ԼǾᵽ顣
һЩ츳ˣĺķڽ˷ˣЩкܶಢŷ۾һ˵۾ǼѾ˳ưԽĵز, Ȼôȥƽ£û̫ķˡ
Щưһʱ۶ûʷ֮С
Щ޷źͽϵ֯ͨһЩСֶβɵľ, Ҷϣ泬ԼĿƣҲϣðһԼߵĹЩȥĹԭܼܺ, ޷ǾǡĳЩ˵Ŀƣ߲ĳЩ˵⡣
֪ЩǿޱȵĹĳЩжôĴȻһӵǿޱȵʵ, ȴױ˿Ƶȱ㣬ҲǺ׳Ϊ˿Ƶ
ںȻðһڲͬˡ
ǸƾˣȻдǵµĸ˸кöԷԼĸܣʲô
ðͷʱҲһȻַǳµĸоͺԼѾȫǰ˸͸ˣµĹ۲ڰеһС
֪ôʲô£εûϴڳкͶԷ˵ʱôˣͬʱע⵽һСϸڡԷѾȫˣԭֻס˰סһ
߲һֱͣڵȴʱѾĴƺľɫ⾰ɫǶԷŪģǵȷ͵ɡһֱö˵ȤøһЩҲͦͬģǰ⣬ûôĹ
һԸΣʱǻϲĶ淴ӦģڽļУϲĶûѹͷѪ⼸ϣǰøմ¥ǸСϲɵɱ˺;ֽһ㶼⡣
һЩϲĶϸ֮ҲܷһЩ˲ʵĶ
ŵľпһرӵķӣȻӲȥ˺˱ĹŹ֣ƽʱرϲӴһЩҩ֮ĶҾץһЩӺŮӣ˴һܰԼӵˣС˭Ҳ벻Ȼһˡ
һЩһΧһƬԼġӡЩӵķҲʹ˹ķ񣬲⻹ġʮͤôһƬҲľ¥ǽ鱨ɱֻ
ǰϲɫϲҫ۵Ķϲһͼϲÿ·ۣ֬ΣϲƯŮˡ˵ȻЩһ˲̫˸ЩȻͦ
ЩֻںҹһЩ΢Ĺ죬˵ġûý̫֣һֹܵĸоһͬһĹֲͬں϶ɵһֺܶصķ
ȷʵ𺳣ǰǱ֪һӵĵ̣ͻһֺ΢ĸܣ
ڶԷȻô𾪣ڶԷʱ˿̵ġһ
˵ѵԷųǿĿһѾˣѾɥʧȫĿˣ㽭ұ֤гһԼԷһ裬һ㡭ǰ˾ȻŸһ·ͦƽĶ档
ºεĿĺȷǾܵġơýϽϵɵȱȻҪͳ߶ȣֱ˵ǲеģȫϻеһ˵ʲô鷳ԻºֻܰʾʾӰʾ
ɻ£ԽʹҲͻشֻ˵˻ǡɵľֻСһģӪһĻĶ󣬸ԷӪѹС
Ȼ״ڲͬǰ˵ˣ״ǸֱƢܶ־;ϻ֡
״о˫۾ֱĶŽ˰˵ôɱ㡣
£
¾ýͬ־Ҫܿ˵һпһҺѰȻ߻ü״У¶ԷһֱӱѽɵϾֱ˵״˵ġӦòǼٻϱӵĳ˵ġ
ŶŨŨɱһ︴ĸǰһˣһŨŨСö˵ɱĿĸеģҾԲôļ򵥣ڽĿлǵһΣϾһֱһЩˡ
ɱԴΪʲôأ
һԹ׻˵£¹ţὭӦ˿죬Ϊһ£Ժܿ뵽ˡ
Ǽ˵ҲİǰŻȥ¥£ʱһãȻĸȥģҲƭԷԼǴŶԷӦһ¹գֻнԼǡ
û뵽Ǽ¾ȻöԷӣҲʦģȻ˸뷨˵ףĻ
ڻ´¥˯
Ȼ;Լˣʲôˡ
һϴε顭ȷʵҴЩǰ˼û뵽ôΣաұ֤´ҲˣҲٴȥˡ
˵͸оȻһƬžԼѾһͷ̧ͷǰ棬ȻҲͿ¡еãȻ
û״ãȻˡ
һθһ£״Ǹֱӣ˼ʽȽֱֱȥһЩ̫ԾĶԻĲǡô͸
״ãȻţȴҲû赲Խĥͼ
ȴܾý⻰лԼµʲô˳ɽԼϴδ¥ƽ˻һֱڱ󱣻Ľ
ŽҲͬãȻı顣
ʱգ²źȻһ֮ǰԼ˵飬ԼλضϸԻ·
ûʲôʱȷʵǻºͻһ¥ʱҲȷʵš桱е¥˵
Ȼµ൱ףĳ˵⻹ɶˣ

޵

Բ֪()Щʲô, ֻǵľǰɱȷʵǻһ롣
Ѿ˵˼, ԼոĶǳļᶨ
֪ǻס磬Ѿ͵ؽˣ״ڵĹһڵĽ׾ٵġ
ƻͨƽƽ, ͦ, ¹¥˵ʲôʱͻȻӽ, һеƽҲֻǾˮ¡
ʶһֱڿе㲻ˡ
˵Էòڵȴʲôʲô˼أ
ɻʱ۽ǺȻһֻѩ׵ĸӳ߷˹, ˲俩һԼҪˣŻഫ鱨Ȼǰ
ǽΪʲôΪԼС¿¶Է֪
ܵԼϣǾ˶ԷֺŵԼϵ, ԷȻʱҵ, Ѿǽ֮жһˡ
¿ɽֻһ, ˵ȥ¥Ѿ˰ɣҺڿ״, Դֻ΢ӵĿһֻ, Ȼûٹ
ֻȵ䵽˽ϣһ߹۲Ŷ˵ıһСĲż, ֻ˵ȫСһ㣬һʲôֵŻ㱨
еûʲô̫Ҫڵģͷĵ΢΢ƫһǶ, Ƕȸպÿöˡ⡱俴
¾ýǰСĽӵˣҲ˿ϵĶһʲôŻдתһ룬˵ҲǸ£һ½һЩ顭
״ܹıֲֳмĸоԻ¾ͽƾͼƵһΧۡ
Ϣ͵͵ĸ˿Ȼֶ˶ϢòƲȤǲܶԷвȤҪϢԷģǸԷӵ⡣
Ȼʶһ⡪ΪʲôҪͻȻҪСĵ㣿Ī¥Щ˵Ŀǣ
ԭûôֱǰλͻȻ֣úĿ⿴սڶԷ⣬ûʲôµĻԷǲеûǵģǶԷڼʹһһ߻ơΪҪʲôˡ
ҲеģҪȻ¸
˵ϴ¥ƵľǰλСһ˼еĳޣǴС˵ŵԵ֤ݣ¥˵ĻôҪˡ
¥һ㣬ѱǲ߳ŭΪԼˣˣӶѳ޼ӱļӵǵϡ
Ǹǰλпǲһģǰλп֮󻹿ȫ˵ˣֶλƸҸǰλһһҶʣˡ
ôλΪʲôҹأ۾ĬĬ¥ϿȻһȺڶԷﶼعϴܲôԷΨһԭ򣬿¾ֻ¥Ǹ˯ˡ
ƸղŶҲǶԷƻеһ֣Էܿܲ˳ۣϴ¥϶һĹϵԷҲģǳɱ޷ҲʹˡС㣬ǧϴһˣÿ
ȻԼ˶ԷһЩС˼Ȼ֪ЩСںͶԷĲռݶٵƣҲǽΪֹΨһһ΢͸˶Է
ô΢öԷæǲǡôһĿܣ
Ȼ۾԰ǰλпԼһ˾͸¥˰ôܻЩСɫڵĵڶԷи㲻ʲô
Է񣬻¾׶ԷѾԼȳˣҲ֪ǰǿޱȣƺҪ츲صĴбҲһ顪ҪŰԼһѾͺˣԼȫõʲôˡ
˵ռ˼ҵıˣȴƫƫֵǱռԼһһмĿ档
룬һǰæ֪ǰǷ԰æ֡
תͷһ۽һԼϵĸоӲͦţ¾ڵʱҲˣ磬״йһЦһ£㵹һֱô
⻰ʲôû΢е֣ǼͼȰ˵ԷһЩɡ
Ե룬ǶԼҲ¥ҲͦĹһЩЩϣҪĻǸҲǿԵġ
ԣɱĶûκһܾܾϢΪܹΪĹ;
ϴζԷ͵͵Ǳ¥УҲϸĹۿΰС͵ȥọ̈̄ʱûǸС֣ΪԷʵ̫С벻˶ԷۣѾ㹻֤
ԼǷǳгģöԷһӦҪھΣʲôӲջ
ڽĵŶԷĻشʱȻ˷һЦ
ǣţǸҪ󣬺ȻЦЦĺܲмһ˵֣һ˵ѵû
ܰӦð
ǺɱĹıɸĹ绺Ŀڣɤһơ
˵⻰ʱ¶е⧲ȻͿ潭ı˵ͫ׾𡭡
˵⻰ɲҽ̵İ⻰״Լ˵ģǸղĻûס˵ˣΪϱôġ
Ӹʵ̫ǿ״вҲһΣҲͺԥĴӦĻΪϱ״ȷʵ档
ܿ״зӦô죬¾Ȼеο
һһǿһһʧǣɱṩĹΪеһѵԽԽͳķԽԽ࣬ȴǵĸˡ
ǵģ˶ɵˣԼĵ׿㶼ǹĸо
Ϊǰ˵ƻ˵˵һرֶζ֪ٸˣҲˡ
Щ˶дǵģջʱȫƲסھ޴ջǰȥ
Ȼǰ˾һֵĸ壬Խ񣬱ֵþԽǣǵļֱһһеߡ
˶ŵˣԼϹ̥ˣһʵʵĹ̥
¿״еı֣пͬʱȻʶ״Ҳ÷ݵĵڶˡ
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ոɻشϵĻ¥¶۵, ˿Ȼ۾
ĿǰѾѽס, ͿŴȥϢʲôˡ
ھֻһ, Ϊ¥ǳŻģھҪŬľŵ˼·ŬİȳķϺơ
ʲôӻճС˧ھᡣΪһ߲㣬ȻҲ¥ǵ, ʵ˵Ҳе㵣ģվԼϴ£Ҳû취廰, ֻܼϣԼϴס
ıǰҪʢ˺ܶ࡭ʢָǰҪĶ, ָǴҵľ
ĻǺ֮ǺѪҲбĶڵĻȻǹһ, ԱѾ൱ˣǰȶһ˿ûĶ
ӻ濴ĵҹǸյĺɫ˻

¶ڡӡҲйһ˽⣬ýڹӵĲ붼̫ˡ
ʲôһһһͶڹƤӵˡʲôܲ͸һжֻƴ²۽Ͳȫ˶ô롣
ȫ˶ôˣǻµ治õԼᱻ¥˸ˡһֱиʣġӡһϤĹҲ¥Ƕ¥ж̫Ƭ, Ի²̫˵Լ˽⡣
ܻ¶Ⲣ˵ڻȺڵʳס⻹رĵġ
ﻹǸԱĻעصľ⣬עĶӵ¥Ǳ߻ǸͨĹĵʵ⣬ĵǳʵ⡣
Ǯ⣬һҪ߾ǡͷ䡱ƯССڴѭţظȫﵽȫϴԵĵز
ʱ¾ԼľǸңʹôҵĵشҲӡ
߸㶨˽Ǳ֪ͨСĵĹ۲һԱиоԵľ֪ͨȻͨ쵽ܲÿȫˣͱһ¡
Ȼ±е㱯ۣЩ˵ΨһָǱſʯͷʨӸ˾С
ȫҲ˻ĳԣǾǴϢǳĿ죬һϢȥʱͼ˶֪ˡ
ܹ鹦ڻСҲ鹦ڻǰʱ䷢ʱġõٶ˵ȥҲǳưֵġ
ֻĿǰڻ¿Σգڽ￴ҲΣյϵĴ󲿷ﶼǸճ޹ؽҪ顣
ոճȥ˵ĻȥȻڽͷһĻ
ʲôֵˣ
ڽĴֽźӣһһ졣
ԱߵĴүͷҲû̧֬ӵ֪̫ˣҲֲװ
ͬһҵĻ裬ץһ֬ӣӰѺӰסȻŽ˵һ񲼵ĺϳ
֪һôĿˣȥֵ˰
˵Ǹ첻ţŵϹĹ㲻ֵ˰
ɣСƽʱҿͦõİһҴкأЦе֡
£
ˣǵʯʨӱסˣϽ뻻ʲôµɡ
ȫ˿ʵһֵͦĵطڽ󲿷ֶǻıˣ֪ıʵûʲôϵģȰٲҪԴһ֪
¸Щ˵ֵˡǻᳯŸĵطȥ룬ԲЩӣǿշӵ飬ǶƽԼߵЩƯС룬˵һˡ
ԣûôһȺʵЩŵԭסǣȫ֬󣬳ΪǿϾ׬Ǯ黹û˲ϲЩҲ½˻֮ǰ´벻״
Ҳǻ¸˲һĵططƻὥİͬɷӣ¥
·ǳ¥﾿ûһˣ˵ЩʹǿʵҲ֮С
ȫһסˡֻˣȥŲ鶼鲻ʲôֵĵط
ʱҲ֪˵ǺûǲãˣҲûʲôİ취ˡ
ڻĻ֮ûΧȺүæµļӰӰҼӰ඼ֵܿӣϾǰҲֵصģҹֵܵǰֵӡ
ôһƲֵջţ·Ͻӹһ迴˥Ŀǿɣһ߿һ߻ȥˡ
ղŻվŵĵطү軹ĴŶǶûעոиͦʧСĬĬ˹ȥ
үѶã׼Ūһʱ򣬺ȻԱ˸һЦǺǵСӡ
ǸСӿŷǳƣڴүͦϲͣվԱߵʱ򣬻м࿴ۣƺĥСǲŸģܲ˵ýʲôģ
СվԱ߿˰죬ͷƺҪʵʲô顣˿Աߵһ֬˶صĺʽ
ڿ֬ӵʽͺȻ¶һĥ׵ЦݣƺȷԼҶ˵ط
ԱߵĴ迴СӶ֬һֱӣ΢΢Щź˵СӰ˳ѾˣŶ֬šСƼߵĺ֬ʱȻǸСӿ˵֬Ư
ԣͦƯġЦǺǵĸСӵһҪӡǲҪһУ
ƽʱûмǸСӺȻ˵ƽʱһܷۣܲɡ
еãȻһ룬ܿ췴Ӧ˹ЦǺǵģʲôûһ
ȻһʱСӺ˵˺ֵĻȫԭסѾϰˣʱڽͦÿĹСӣ仰֮ԷĻͺȻûһ߼ķƫơͬղŴ˵ĴҹŵĹ
Щֻ۲ǴҹڽϹУڴﶼȻ֣ǺùĹ
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Сӣ˵ġ˭Щ׼óȥġԱߴСӵĻе׾ͻһ䡣
ǸСӵıȻͱø֡
Щ֮Ǯ𣿡СеʣЦһһ֬¶һ˿Цϡ棬Ǹﵽ׶Щʲô
˵仰˶Լ̧ͬͷ
ǸովԱߵĴ裬ǺĴүһתͷ
ϿйͷСʶҲſ
ţ԰Χ԰ոջЦСЦȻϡ
Ǿ񾭲ôӶˣʲôʲô¡
ⰴճǺôڴҶ
ǸˡСӾе㷢ëôүһǾֵͦġ
ԼҲûʲôֵⰡǼ򵥵ķһ
ǵľ裬ֱĶ
ǸС뿪ãиү˵㲻㣿
϶ġ
˶ûġ
˯Ժʱ򣬺ȻֱС
ֽһۣȻͱͷʺš
ţô£ջСʱôҵ¥ɱֵټأ
ֻʣ˵ѵһ»Ҳ֪֪ˣ

ʶը

ȥǼ˵¥ɱֵʱΪڿЦ, ϾԼСӦòô档
ֱԼ͵͵ĿǼΧۿɼĳЩԵˡ
Ȼ˵⼸֣ڿ⼸˵ĵһʱ¾Ͳò鱨ӦǶԵ, ǿ⼸˲˳ۣʹ¥, Ҳǻͽ
ĬĬظȺ˺, Ȼʼ, һ, һʮˣЩȻߵ΢еɢĿǰ˵ûɢ̫ϵıû¾еϤ
ϸһǰʱ͵͵ȥ¥ʱ򲻾ô𣬶С̽ĸо
ʱ֪¥һϰ֮ģǰЩ˲֪Ҫǻһ֪¥ĵط, Ѿggü, ı, ǾȫҲһǸ¥һȫǿӵĵط
Ȼ»ûȫʲôɱȫΨһһɱȽŨĵطǻ, Ϊе࣬ºǳʲô԰ѱɵȥˡ
ֻ⿴ܡƽ˾ȫЩɱֵʵ̫ˣûǽһʱҲûɢ𣬾ǺطͻȻʲô, ôʱҲûκεЩҲסԼɱֵķ緶ʼ˽
ô£Եط𣿡
ӦǰɡĵطӦҲôôˡ
ֵͦİôûʲôΣհ
£
ЩľǱƳɶmģ㿴ǰȺɱǣΧûΣնˡ
¸ƨɺߣҺȫƣһھͽôһ滷ɽҪӱĵطͦѵģȫطСĵҲ٣Ⱥɱ־ٲҲֻھأھǸס
¥ȺɱԽԽľսȫǸر𷱻ĵطϵˣҿҲûκεΣգǾȺɱǵսľ
ΪʲôΪ͸
ȻᡣǰǸ¥жӳ˾ֹ֣סˣ˵ˣҾǡȦˡ
ôһڣҲͣҲͣ׼Ⱥ¥ɱ׼ô˵
壬ղȥʵʱʲôֵĵط𣿡¥ĶӳʸոȥʻǸСӣǸСӸղŻȷʵûаѹϸĸЩ¥ɱ˵Ϊǳȷʵе죬Ҳ͸ôһ¡
Ѿת˰ˣҲֻӲͷƤԼǸֵĴ˵˳
˵֮ڳ¥ɱһۺҲɵһ㱳ðĸо
ִ̬ǹŴǷ⽨ỹִᣬۻۣǮûǮȨûȨǴү軹С򣬶ܻӵһԽʱͿռĹͬص㡣
ȿȣ˵Ǿ¹
˵ǺһЩï}˵ĶʱҪйĴڣֻҪﵽͷƤǸͺáոǸСӽĹ£˵ҲûʲôرΣյ飬˾ï}ûš
ĿǰȺ¥ɱǸ¹ҺȻͱëëġ
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Ͼɱ̫ˡȻƽʱһ˵Ź񣬵ʵҲԼŻԼȫ򱻴ĺʱ
ν£¹𡣻һֱԼǸ̹̹ˣԲ̫ȺɱֵģȻ׺ݣʵվûк˵ƽ
Ŀǰû̫ȺɱһںʲôΪһͦаȫеĵطǲ̫붫ģҲȺɱϵɱȻһЩΪʲôͺȻˡ
ΪʲôΪɱǼҪȥһȽϺûеĵطˣȫȻڱȽռվûռȫҲкһЩĵطȻȺɱžͿʼԾ·ߣڵġ
Ȼһ·ҲˣһᣬȺɱֻߣ·ߣΪ·۳žҪɽˣȺɱͼûþ͸ҹҲͷ
һ£ȻñȸȺ¥ɱֱӰ࣬ϾܽȺɱ󲻱֣˦µûм˵ʱøһɽһҪʲôֵ顭»ȥһ޵جΡ
Ⱥ¥ɱһƬط߷Щģֻؼ˵ĸоϾڹŴ˵һͰĳϤҲİġ
ȻȫƻͨȺ¥ɱδزһǳֵ飬ŸոǸСӽĹ£Ⱥɱ̲ס룬ͻ뵽˵еġСǡ֮Ĺ¡
Ŵ˺ִ˵Ĳڴ¶ľͺˣ»ƻͨҵ˵ؼҵĸоϾִʱ͵ƻͨһޣһʼŴϰߡ
¥ЩɱԽԽиɱʣټǰ߿¾Ҫɽˡ
ɽͶˡǰǸӳĵýƾһӣǱ¥ĵز𣿡
ɱҡҡͷ
һĴӪͲɽֻ֮á¥ĶӳҸոҲˣȫûһ壬ͲƲɱӦþɽ
һ˵һ߿ǰɽߵɽɽˮˮͦģǰɽ쿴ʱɽˮһϾԵЩ죬ʱʱҹèӵ֮
ӳ˵ⷬ󣬴󲿷ֵ¥ɱֶˣϾûһĵطȷʵЩ֣ȻֻһֹǾǳиոȥʹ軰ǸСӡ
ղֻȺɱ־ï}ûˣԼ̶ֳûոʮ֮һ
˵ոǸͬӳ˵һһΣԶû𣿿²ãǸӵΣԾЩϸ΢ĵطἴʹôӳ˵ˣƶӳҲš
һΣնûеСΣ֮أ
ǰء

һ˼ǰߣţȻǰһŮˡ
Ů˾ô˻ĽҰһͷڷ٣ϴһѪ··Ѫոսһ
Ů˺Ȼ·ߣȺɱֶһ£ͷҲòֻƺʲôȻôڣʲôҲ塣
ɱȫͣһᣬǸӳһµŮˣƺҲһ£һװŪ
֮Ув书˱˲ˣģ
ǰҲûװŪģǿͨͨС£νġֻҪɱˣǾʲô¶ûˣǼ١
ּǮ˦˹ȥȻתߣӳԼİ൱ŵģ¥һġ
ǸŮ˿ǻڷǣҪסǵˡһǮȥƶԷҲ
ӳǰ˰죬ȻиļЩ֣ӣӳ
ʲôӳͷĵ
Ҹ˵¡
ʲô¿˵ôģӳܷ˵˵һˣҪǳǸĽѵɡ
ǰӳ˵е£ղɱǸŮ˺񻹸󰡡
ӳЩţȻֲһ䣬ǸŮˡղŶûǸǮھʹϴȥһ
ղŶӳûʲôֵģ仰ȴӲһ亹
ȥôȥģ
ǰЩһȥѪĽʹûѪҲ
ǡȥ
ֹĸоǸոնӳǸСӸ˵һ̧ͷһ죬ȴǸҪǿҰٱһͷƤĹС
Ǹ·Ĳ֪ŮҲôĸ󡭡ôӳûһһûС

ĬĬظȺ˵ĺ棬ӵµ߬ǸǮڡ
ʵǮڲǴϴȥˣֻ̫ˣ˶ûôġ
ǵҰҲ΢΢һпֲƬЧ
˵Ǿôͷ˻Ҫɽ
ǰǸӳ͵һͷ¿Է˼ҺƵЦһ£ȻͿɫȻˡ
ߣ£ɽǸӳ˿ڿˮС˵˲ɱͷҲصĳɽܡ
ԶԶĿƺиͨͨôƮں桭
ţϾľṦǮڶС£ƮһҲǿԵġ

·Ƽߵµͼ

ӳ¥ɱɽ, ܵһ̵ĵط˲һһתͷͿǸźµŮѾˡ
һȺɱֿҲ𡭡
ҲҹɽȻò͸ĺŮڰƮţ˵ǼȽŵĹŴˣǸִҲûһ
ɽ²Զмס, ɽ¿ص, û￴һƽĵطһȺɱֿǱߵĵž͸Ͻ˹ȥһڳ̵ϴү
үһ̧ͷſںȻվôһ, ˸ȦǴϵͷأ
ͷɱ⻰˿, ôʱһϢʱһµġ齩Ӳ˼, ڻǿ˵, ɽϡһź·, ɫе׵Ů𣿡
ͷ⻰ʵеûֱ˵ϴүֳ˿, ź·е׵Ůˣ
Żе, ͷͷǵ񾭲ˣҲǣ˭ҹĻͻȻܵ˼Ҽûдź·Ůˣ
˭֪үֻ΢΢̾˿, СӣǲǱ˰ɣǿĲʲôֵ飬߾Уú¡
ʲôֵ飿
ͷһ仰֮ھֵˡ
ȻΪʲôҪ˵֡
ǱϾŮ˳ֵģСĵ㣬ҪǱȥˡүҲ֪ʲô£˸Ǿ΢ԶһЩҲû
ͷһֺݵı鿴Ŵү˵үΪʲô˵˵үѵûﲻԾ𣿿һүŶȣֲ̣Ŀ۴үŵӰӵģŻһ
֪ΪʲôͷĲ̫үͳӣȻһصĸԼվһ
ǡȥɽ¿ӳи˵ҹǸոտӦþһ֣ʲô˵ĻЩӦҲ߶Ե˶ֲ֣רŹ˵ܿЩˣҲΪǲҪͻ֮ġ
Ҳµ˷׷ӦӳҲĪĹŹ֮⻹ͷǻȥЩֻš
ӴԵĿûκѪȲбĵط֮һֱһϡŹֵĸоָоûκԵɡ
ӳԼĶԱɽɽ¿ǽ̻ԻͣƻһƬɽŽȻͬķȴ˵˭Ҫһ㡣
һڣһȴʵģȴ޵ģߴͬһʱա
¸Ⱥɽ£ȫʱĿҪ賿ˣȫľ˵ʹܰҹʱҲ˯ˣԽֵϵ˱һ㣬ǵһ㶼ûٵģλεĵſһ˽ֵʹȫԵЩ
ȺɱһֱǳȫĵطߵģĿǰʱȫĵطֻвȫĻ֣ȫĽֵ֩״ģֻҪ˳Žֵ಻ϵĵһߵǸط
һ̽һ̽·ɡԭ¥ɱ׼һֱӾ͸ȫӵģոɽϿôһλĪġŮˡǾʱЪ뷨˵ڼ˻˵ʱ򣬺ȻǰһССʯ
ʯдСС֣֡ͷƺһ£˵ʲô˼ͦãһ˽ȥ
ȺĻãȻһ롣
˵ⲻԾϴǵʯӦûطǰϺܳһξ룬ʲôʱ򻨽Ǵ￪ʼˣҪԭȴܶࡣ
ΪȫһֱڽƤӵ£Ҳûлȥ濴ῴҲǹ֮ͷһΡǰȺ˽ȥʱԥһᣬǲǻʲôȴûǰ֪ͨתһ񻨴Ҳûӡ
Щ˽ֵʱȷʵĻһ룬һֱǸͦصĵط˵أǸĵطͬῴô˽ȥȻЩĻ᲻ᱻЩ˿ĵʵֻװװӡ
񱩷ʱ򣬺Ȼߴ˵һ仰ʲô¥Ҳ𡣡
ո˵ƺ״УȻʱ˵ͦû¾ȵģǻȴȻ̤ʵһ¡
԰ʲôȻǲ˼ǻ״
СĸȥôҲû״˵߾жѵĻ״оȻʱ򿪿˵ˡôһڣ²ʶ״еڵľƻȲϵյ¥¥ʱΣķ״
Ͼڻ֡Ԯء
һһֻС𿣬дһֽ˹ȥȻԼƵĸں档
¥ЩɱǱ˻Ǹոתһ䣬طΪʲô֡ˣΪڽϵȫŮġ
ɱּʹǲŮɫˣֵطҲ˻ŮƣЩŮȴϴνʱһֻԹԵԼ飬ûǡ
ɱǹ۲ҲʮϸǺܿͷֽϵЩŮ۽¼һſС룬Ҳ֤ǰЩŮǼǷӡ
ǶǷӣôܣ
¥ɱʶһʱ򣬾;ôһǰȥЩǴȴЩ˸䣬ɵĴ߶ûбһƬ½ǡ
а̫ˡиɱֺܽĵ߶ŮˣڽǺܿͻᱻЩ˷ˣ
ô죿ӳҲһôȫŮģǸǸɫߣʲôɣֻŮ˹ˡ
޶˱
»һŮ˵·Ҳߵ˽ϣϴŰߡǿɾ׾ˣ˭Ҳģ㴩һ·Ⱥ֮У˭ҲҲ
иǱ䲻˵ģǾߵʽȻϴߵ˺ܶ࣬϶вٴģֻһ˻ּȫףֻ۾еİ߻ȫߡ
¸ոһʱҲҲʲôˣֻͳϣȻ͡Щҡ
вٹ·ЦǺأһ͸ûȥ˯ˣ˸߲ƤƤ
ȻһתͷͿſϣеģеԸеǸС㡱ЩĶȥС·ȥģܲҿ͵͵Сֵʱ۽ǺȻƳǸߵʽЦݾͽʧˡ
ӻ߾ʮС㣬ƤƤľȻһ˹ı뿪˭Ҳû˵Ϊ˭֪Լϴǵ㰮á
ȻڴҿҲʲôϡŹֵ飬Բǡ
ϴĿܽз

ԴҶǳϬ˭Ҳû˵ֻǰţ۲װɶû֡
ҴҲò׼ϴԼǸò̶ȣӦƶ˴ҷֲǸŮɡϴǸʳʴ˵ĴҲʶѾ
ҪһСĸͱˡ³ôҰ
Ǿֻ߸վ𣿡¥ɱЩļеŮ˶ƹˣǹһ
ļʱȴֵϣиġŮˡվΪϴ󲿷ֵŮ˶ƿǣӸղſʼһûġŮ͸ۡ
һɫѣϴŰߣһֶһ޶޷ʡ
Ǹ˶ԾشţûиΧݺݺվһֻǶԿ


춹

ʹŮƵĽֵϣǸŮҲʮͻһ
ҲΧ˶˵й, ĸվȺ֮ǻһġ
Ů˵ϴҲŮϵô, ûվڵƹ, ֻһ˾վڰ, ȴڽ˺ǹ
һ۾ܿĸΧ˵ĲͬȺɱֵע˵, ŮŮҪѰҵˡ
˻˸ɫ, Ǹ֮ǰСվ˳Ǳ߶һ˵Ů˹ȥ
װأתͷͿǱи˳ķ˹ʼʱãȻһ, ȻȻ̲סЦ
ȺѡǹšȻϡ
һ¹С˧, ȻΪʲô̽Ϣ, С˧ֵͰ
ΧŮԭװȺ, Ͼʱ仨ֵ, ҲһЩС߽, һ㿴Χ˶, ҲͻԼ˳ȥ
ʢһ֣ȫŮ, ˽ȥ, Ҳ˻ָȫ˽Ӵ
ǸɱֳǱߵġŮ߹ȥ, Χ˱鶼𽥷˱仯һʱ䣬ֵϼе˶ڳŽֵ͵͵⿴ָоվ̨롣
ǸСҪǸŮ˴, ߹ȥʱ𽥵һ˿˷ܵĸоΪ֪ԼҶˡ
֮ǰͼκ˴ʱЩ˶ܿһ
Ů˲ͬ߹ȥʱǸŮͷȻ΢΢ĳķбһ㡣
Се˷֮ⲻ˵ԭΪ˷˼ء
ϰ֮˶ƾǰӦþǴ˵еƾ֮ˣʱɱҲע⵽һ㣬Ҳż
Ȼһ룬СӺȻоΧһεѹѹ˹ȫ±һָоȴΡ
Χһۣŷָղǲ֪ʱȻ͵͵ĳ˹
Щ̰ĸоǵߡ
ЩǶڰĹûκεĿֱӣС֪Щ˶͵͵Ŀ
ֵˣǶһĶ
СıŵˣôҲ¥һɱ֣ȻıôŮŵһ˲ľΧЩŮǻˣǶɱ˵Щ˻ûɵĻӰ
͵һ̧ͷǰǸŮˣ֪ʲôʱȻѾͷȫת˹۾ź棬ƺΪʲôȻչ
ϴһżס˰׵ߣµ۾ȴ峺ճӰ
һ룬ȻǰŮ˵۾￴
۾Сӿվŵļ¥ɱֵ֣ĵƺΧĽֵ಻Լͬ͵͵ˣǵ˫۾ǰģһûˡ
ôˣǸ˿˵ˣɤر·һӰӵ˼䡣
ûʲôСӳһȻöŮر˳ۣô˵ģʻģΧһ㶼ͬ
Сӵֲͣ˵ɱֶͣȴһ㶼תЩ͵͵Ů߹ȥƾֱΪʱǱ˹ȥһᷢʲôµ顣
ǰŮ˷ǿʲôǾһᣬȻǡѵǴ𣿡
ԡСһĵǶǴģ߲ȥˣİ
ŬԼ÷ǳΪǰŮƺǸͦƵˡϿѵõˣץסһ㣬Ů˶ǲһͬģܾǰŮһˡ
Ů˻ΪĻԥһ£˾ԼĶˣԥһǿѽϸ߰ɣ
˼Ů˻ľʹӦ˴ߣҲһ˿֮ģǵʱҲûˣʹһɫǳŮ˵ķ˹Ů˳һС˹ȥ
ʵǸСӣںҲеܲˣں濴ĸֵŮ˶͵͵ĳһȥӣǵӽָо죬СߣҲȥ
ʲô֣·СŮˡ
춹Ů˵ʵʲô
ۡСһ£һŵ֡
һɱҲ뿪֣̤һʱѹֲס纣һںʲôͷûأͷǰߣһֱߵʲô
ûиϵСǶˣȺǸģ
ǲ֮ǰ˵Щֵ˰
ҿǹֵġ
ϵСĿȺɱһķǣȻͬͶʹһԼϴǱߣʵ˵ǿǴпӵĴԼʹղµҪǻǿƲסĳǱ͵顭
Ⱥܻ೤ʱ䰡Сǲ¥ɱ֣һ㾪ֵûУ˵ʹ֪˿ҲУǿһ¥𡭡ȺڻСǶ¥ôӴûиֻԼϴ书µһ
Ҿܻʱ䳤һ㣿һȹĹΪȺ˺ϴϳһŮˡ
δ֮ǿϴܿЩ΢˳һ㣬ϾǴֵŮһ۾ϴ󡭡ȿȣղŻرǸС˧˵ʱŵĵ־ܣϴĶȤζ·Ѿʵʻˡ
´Щɱǵתת˳һխխһһֱߡȻĴ٣·ǵĻ죬Ҳûﶼûȥӡ
һĳĽ꣬ıܿΧȺԭסΪЩԭסǲ֪ǳʲôһ˴ЩӾٺòˣʲôҲ档
һʼɱֻԻµľıȽǿҲһɻ󣬻³ƺЩΪЩˡͺ˸һƵģټϻż˸߾͹ˣղ˵ʱҲһֱŸƵߡ
µ׺жǿŵ˶ǸܹãԶһ׺⻷ģЩɱֻΪǸĺĳŮˡ
Ů˱˵ֵط涼ͦҵģЩɱһ߾Ůôһ߸Żͷǰ塣
ڵһС´˽ȥȻš
ô£֪𣿡Գư۵Сһֱڸк춹Ů˶ԻöԷƺǺֵһˣںϵĲǺܺõͻأУ˾֣ʿԷôһ¡
к춹Ů˽ӣİЩ㣬ԼӡǺȻһ죬ϵŮǾȫڰҹ߶Ȼ󻹼Ҽһ˵ҹҲյһ
Ĳ׽˶ԷеĳҪʻ㡣
㡭ô£ΪʲôҪǣСʡ춹Ĭһ˵ףʱҾԼʱȴǽϵЩˣڲõģʱǰȫˡ
˵ʱƺץԼָۺȻ뵽¥һЩһ˿ǲҼҪԼ׹ķӣǵСͺܶ࣬Ӧﾭڽš
˲ǰŮΪʲôˣŶŮһ֪ȴڼ侲ӣ˵һһǶõĽ
ۡĶӳæ˹ȥӳĶС˵ƭ˵׼ȥˣôܻ쵽ϡ

Ůװ

תȥʱ򣬺춹Ѿ΢˹, ﻹһãװʲôûп, ֱ˹ȥʣ춹, ֪ʲôǻЩ𣿡
춹⻰, ƺǺܺµ, 廹Ķһ£Ҳȫ
˺ܳʱ, 춹С, Ҫȥʲô
, 춹±ӵҪȥ
ҳȥ춹գգ˫ܺÿӡ
, ȥ۵ŵĺܵͺܵ, ѵһӴ, ż, żججǵԼʲô֪Ǹرµ飬һξר㻹˳ȥġѵ㲻뵽, һ𣿡
֪Լ˵ѣԺ춹״, ˵Ǳûȥˡ˳ȥҲֻὥĶ񻯣ԲʲôתĻᣬܱ״̬ѾõĽˡ
ôһ˲, ۾۾ƺǱһ룬۾鲻ԽҪƿ۾һĨʧˡ
Ĩðʵһ룬һ춹ͻָԭ״
ΪԼˡ
˵ԼʲôһֱŬȥ˫۾ƺͦ˫۾ʧɫ
һرεǻЩܵģ˻һѪɱ֡
춹ƺ˰죬ָͣĽţȻȻ˵Уһǲ֪ܲܡܲܽܡ
ʲôС
۴˳һӦȥһط
춹˳һյƣ׻˵¿ˣȻ۲춹ʲôˣܿԼԼɿˣ˵춹ӦҲǸصˡ
ӰۼȻҲǾǸʲôӣﶼģûϺ춹ҲὥһУ뵽ϵȺ֮С
ģǡԻ·ƫһ㣬˵ҲܳһСΪڹƹ֮һĹ⻹кܶСĹЩЩȽϳɫĹƱɵġ
춹ڻڷãȻǻķˣ˵˲õˡ
춹ִһ̤˵·ߵķӵƫƧƶԽԽˣһֱСĵעΧľ󣬷ſֵܻ⡣
˲֪ԶǺȻһǿһ˵ĽֵϡֵǳĹ죬һյƶûУʮֵ壬ЩŵŮ˺񶼲طһһ
˵۵ĸоһֺȷΣУ۵ľһֿĿֲ۵;û¶Χ̫ˣļֱ˴ġ
ǿѹʣ춹ȷԵط𣿡
ǵİ춹˿ûвֵܼľͳŽֵĴȥһǳ޴Ľ濴ǺڰģһĬľһſ
߹ȥͺһ޵ߣҪĶߡ
谵ĽֵϳŵȻֻ̫ڣֻܿһԼԼӲͷƤ춹˽ȥɱôСĽ˵ҾӦһȽҪĵط
ס
ܲǡƲסӦɽϣҲһЩĺ塣
ѹ֣ΧǺڵģǶ
ӦҲߡ
Ĳ߰ɣۿ춹Сƿ˴ţϵôҪһطžȻûģֻǼ򵥵ţǰӭǵĵһ
ŸĴƿʱһ΢ص
Ⱥɱȫվſڣûһ˵˵߶ľһ࣬ÿ˵϶Ż𾪻˼ı顣
ʱ⣬ȺɱָرԵһյӵƣ翸Ъ˵ǣƿȴţ¶˸һı顣
ɱǻûعأͿ춹ᳵ·˽ȥеĶӵƹһƼϣȻӸһ·һ·
ȵȣæ˹ȥҪʲô
춹ƺǱһЩãȻգգ۾ȻȫŮˣȥֻܰŮ˵ӣ·
۵ԴӦ˰ģ˰죬Ȼ䷢һ
ǻЩ·Ǽɱ˺춹˼˹춹˵ͷǲ봩Ҳûа취̫ˣһᱻֵġ
иɱְһ䣬֮ǰ²ϻһ˶ûУû뵽²Ȼˡ
ЩӲվЩɱǵǶͦȻ߹ȥԵһ·ǵ·ţеĿһֱӳһ˹ȥﻹ춹ƲĳǿһۣһߵһЩĻȡ
¥ɱʮȫܣŮװҲ٣ȫСֻ꣬аǸ⡣
֪ɺϻ⣬ûŮ˵·һͷһֱ컻Ÿ
Ŷһ£ǰһ·Ҳû˼ȥֻקֱߵһ·ͷҲû̧Ĵ
·һ˲䣬͸ܵĴУִи·Լֵơ۲ϣɫģవߣֻŹܿ·
ðһʣ·ֵƣôû𣿽ϵЩŮϵ·ȻҲǺܾµģǰ·񻹲һ㡭
̧ͷһԱߵһ磬춹ת棬ȥǻ·ļӰ棬һʵļӰͷ΢΢ĵţϸĶ׹ӷ䴹£˿ʵ
ƺ춹ҲҲʲô·˰ɣţûͣ£·ϡ

档
¸ӻ͵͵̽Դ뿴浽׷ʲôС˧۵Сۡ
С˧ᡣ
ƽʱطҲûˣһס˳㵱ŵġȫǻأṦҲߣԾ޼ɵߡ
մӻӳûСʱײˡ
ײϾײ˰ɣƫƫô̼Ļ档
С˧۾ͣںȺŮװ󺺵ǻ
ʵ˵¥ɱŮװһ㶼ʱʱǨڻɴүˣе۾˵Щ˻
Ƭ·ƹ˽϶ôһˣص㡣
ϴе㲻ҪһѻӸˣڣȻԼϴǹһ˿޵Цݣ͵͵ĽŰϵĻؾӿ棬۾¶ȤĹâ
С˧粻̫Լϴ⵽׳һܸое¡
˺춹ɡһᣬǱߴһ˵
С˧翴Լϴ󻺻վƵǱȥŽŲ߶ıѸٵķı䡣
߹һЦҲֻ˼룬С˧˶ɵˡ
ͷ죬˵ˣˡ
ۿ춹ת˳СĿǣʵ˵ԼЩ׳ͦ۾ģ˵˺Ů˵ͷͲһ
в˶˵ķͣͷҲŮһģر𻬻
ۿ춹Լʱ򣬲֪ΪκȻ;յ޲òصһ߶
¥ɱֵĻ༥ЦǻŶԷӣеĴϵĻƿֱۻ
ϻзΡ춹ֻ˵ôһ䣬۾ûгǱ߿һۣ;ֱĳ˹
ֱֱĶ۾˰죬ȻСЦ
۾Ϻһֱ΢ŵãȻӣǵһοЦôġ
ȿȡ˵ʲôȴ˵͵ʱһ˫ֺȻ˹ͷ£һֻӣͷ
һᣬ۾ʹһҹµ˧ɱֱһĸɫ΢죬ʮŮӡ
ͲԼҲйءŮȺûΥ͸еһĨɬǸһַ顣
䶼ѾˣͷҲ̧ľ͸ɱǳӣȴûĺ춹뿪ʱӵһ￴ȥĿͻȻ䡣
ĳһǳĬľ͸һ
һֱһ뿪˺ܾãڵ˷һģ·ٺĴ
ҵ谡ϴ󵽵Ҫʲô

Ա

ôһŮ˵·, ȺɱǾһñԭȴ˺ܶ, ϽֵʱҲĴһ, ֮ǰһֻͬӻΧǻ
ܿ, Ǿͷ֡ķΧʵĺܴ󣬱ҪĶ࣬һкܶ಻ͬĵ, ʮַ
ƺȫҹߵЩ˵˯Ҳ, ҹ˵ǵϢϰѾûʲôϵˣǵġ족ҹǵ̫
ʲôˣӵﲻͣĲš
һ˵, һʲôӶĹкܴĹϵطһʱ侹Ȼ벻ĹӦǸʲôӡ
˵һʮֲЭĸо
Ծʱ, һ˶Ѿ˯ʱ, ȴ쳣, ʱѾʾ
ǽֵϵһжģһģ, Сڽֵйˣڿŵķ꣬, һʩһӦȫάһǵӴĴ۲֮ǻֵֽһЩרάˡ
һʮĵطȻҪĵطȴѾʾĲ֮
ͺһŬԼ֮ˡ
ŬһеĲĨȥط
ֿһֵ񾭲˲²Ǹʲô˼
۲ò˵ﷱЩˣܶط涼ҪʩһӦȫ󲿷ֵĹӻ㲻ϼӪҲǺܺãδ̫Щ
뵱ʱûĸŮ˿԰ôĽ鱦ϡ
˴·֬ˮ۵ĽһУһۣʱһ֬ˮ۵ĵܻҲ˳Щ֬ˮ۵Դġ
ȫ֬Ǻܿͷط֬ˮۺĲһΪط֬ˮۺϲûпϸͬǹ⻬
ͺЩֻ֬гطŻᱻЩһ
춹һֱڰ۵ĺߣƽȺ¥ɱֹѾˣطǲдԾͻСβ͸ǡ
۲춹ΪʲôһֱԼҲԵķһ㣬û֮ǰһˡź춹һֱԼҲһûһһЩ⡣
ģﻹǾôţûɱô󷽣ߵﶼоڶԼ
춹Ǻܾ֮ǰģܶ鶼ǲ̫ˡ
ôģ춹Ҳԭס񣬾һ䡣춹ǸŴһġҶҲҲҹҲûʲô塣
춹Ը˻˵ĻֻǸһģҲѹе㲻ԵʱҲûŶ뿪
Ըаܰ۾Լе㻰࣬һһ˵㷢ﲻԾʱӦÿߵģ´Ҫ飬ʮΪϣҪӲͦţӳȥû𡣡
˵еɸ֡춹ͰţûֺˡȰ˵㲻Ϊʲôأ
ҭһ£һתͷȥ˵ҲһǾǳȥģǾͲһˡ
Ҫҳȥ춹Цſۣ˫رƯ۾ôŰۡ
ڰۼ̲סҪ۾ƿǰһ룬һЦ˵ãǾô˵ˡ
ǱߵɱץһŮˣǸŮ䵥ģôɱץ˹Դž֣˽˽ֱߵһû˵ȻʼŮˡ
۴ź춹ں棬ú춹Ǻ춹ȴҪ
ǸŮˣطʲô֣жˣ
ǸŮҲһӣʵǺӣŵĹǺֻڽ⣬طлһжҲ
վں棬Ȼʵôģ
ңǸŮ̧ͷЩµĿһ۵ܾúܾˣҲǲˡ
üĿʮֵĺÿϲûдߣģرһ۽ҲŮһֻǵһ룬һֻ
Ů˿ԼΪʲôץͣ۾Χļɱ֣ȴֲҶ࿴
ǵطʲôʱֵ𣿡ʣЩŮʲôʱʼϳţʲôʱֵϹ˵
ŮֻϳѾУкܳʱˡǹҵҲ飬ҲǴ˸ոʱ򡣡ǸŮ˵
ˣĸˣʡ
ˡ
¥ɱ˵ʱǸ΢İ֣Ϊ֮ǰйϴͻţΨһйͻ׹۸ûи¥¡
Դʱеɱֶ˳˼Уʼ˼ԼļǷийصˣֻаۼʣҲвԾĵطΪʲôأ
ܣǸŮƺһ£ΪʲôҪأ
ķӦ춹Ϊͬۼǵú춹ƺΪطΧЩѾ˵һ𣬵ǰŮ˵ķӦԲǡǰ۸ոһΪֵ⣬Բŷһ䡣
۲ԼĻʲôֵĵطΣջϽܵ˶ɵȱǲܡ
ΪʲôҪܣŮ˿Цʣǻȥģ
ȥ棬ȥκεطԡ۾شЩĪ
ֻطԽǰŮȻǶһģ˭ģǿĻţǵļҡ
˶ˣʵ˵֮ǰûôһش
ȻһЩ飬ǾΪʲôһ΢Źֵӡ
֮ǰҲһЩΣ˵һʼֻǷԷ֯һС壬һֱڣ󲿷ֶɲ򣬸˵ͻȻ;ʧˣ˸ϴǵš
Сһ㶼Ǵ÷ҲΪţ³һ㶼Ǳá
û뵽죬ȻĿһľ߹ģĵطһ˵ķҲֲȻЩ֣ƫƫѭһЩ˵Ĺ򣬾ͺһжǱǿй涨õġ
ۺȻոպ춹û˵ƵĻȻҲû̫ɻΪ״̬֡һʼǻǺͷıԵǼӡ۾ǰֺѾҩɾȵŮ˱ûʲôɱԡ
¥ļɱֻһֻۣӺһˣת뿪
µΪ˴ǸŮˣпڵĻģЩɱ˵·ֻҪһ͹ˡ
תͷ춹峺۾ǿӲץסְ˳ȥûš
һҪˡ۵֮᲻ᰲȫһ㣿
ġ춹֮һˡġ
ۺһͷһֱµ
˼ӣɱֳϾҲ棬Ҳûߣʮӹȥˣû˳
ͷôôиɱֵ˹ȥһƿš۾ʮֵİûвҽеûᵽκεѪﻹᵽ춹ϵ
ͷͷأǸɱſڿһȦͷת˹ôûˣ
ɱҲ׷׵Χ˹ſһ˵ӣб¹յĴء
ʲôҲûУĵģͺո˹һ

ټ

˵û, ԭ켣, εĹ˭أ
, ССĺ˸˵ǿ߻вٵģϾǸԷչ˼ʮ֯¾ɵҲЩǿ߸ϳȥ
иȽֵĵط, Ǿǿ, ռ˺ܴһ֡
⵹ǻƲˣΪԼ˶е, ΪʱػϵСǣұ˴֮ҲиԱȣλ͸Ǹ߳һ顣
˶ֵģֻл¾һжչɵĻ
ΪĿеġӡȷʵôӵģϹĻ
˵ôе㳶Զ, ֵҲС˧һģ˻ô
С˧ǰμˣԭΪԭôֲܣΪǸˡ
ǾְĿתļˣôôǲ˳ۣһҲûӦеָоùô˵Ҳһϳɡ
벻׵ʱ, ĳ峿µĳȥ˹䣬ȻһûźӡǵСײ˸棬
źȻˡĹⲻôϹʲôأ
˵ŮܳŹػŵΧǻϵˡǲ֪ⱲûػϷɹ󣬾Ͳ֪ôõ͵
Щиû˵֡
ǻ֪ǸôˣҲע⵽ƽʱֻϲĺŮ
˽ѺŮ˳ΪһŴصƽʱгɻģ⻹ǺŮһγɽ
һȺֵδ֪ĸֻ¶Ըﻹе㷢𣬵Ը¾ûʲô︺ˡȻȺɱǾ͸һƵģֲֶ
ԸȺȽĴǻ»ûʲôİ취˸ķӣȻ޷Ƿֿǲõַ
˵ϲʱ򣬻˵Ҫ÷²ʱ򡭡
ɱǿһ˵ӣÿ϶˻ٵĻ̿֡ȥǶûҶߣֻΧͣĺͷͷ˵仰
˭Ҳ֪ôģ˭Ҳ֪ոúõĴôͻȻʧˣһп̫һֲƬЩɱִʱ˿̻ЩãȻ
˵ʧٵǱˣҲǶô֣ǿͷʵҶôͻȻϢʧأ
ȣ侲һ£˵ͷոշʲôʱˣûнǡһɱЩǿ򶨵˵
ͷôʱߣʲôҲʱ߰ǡи˵һȻֹס˻ͷںġ춹ĸ߸ߵģ˵㵹Ǽ˵ɶ
ÿ˵ı鶼ǺܺãطκιӶһĹӸ˵ĸоΣգһ˼ͷһֲһ˲ҿطһƬʱضɢ
˭Ҳʲôʱͻгʲô˭ҲʲôʱͻȻɢȻֻ˭ߡ
Ⱥ˵ó̾Ϳ˵˭Ҳû˵Ҳû˵ҪڽקһʡոǸŮ˺ƺףκһ޺Ĺܶһɱ˲գ۵ķӣǴŻ·žµױȴβǿµıʡ
ȴڰ˼˲ɢ߻ԭģΪĳɣżһߡ
ȻԭʲôҵһԶԸǵ˼·ֻҪǲԸ飬ŰǸ뿪
ⷽо򡪡ǵ˲Ը飬ϲ顣
۾ĳ￴һۣи˫۾ڿһӺգһ¡
ӺŮû£ҺõʱֻˣԺŮҲôϢĽˡ
¶ʹ˸ɫȻȻǰİƺҪתͷæͷ
ۿ۸ڶĺ춹һֱͷ۾ŵ档۾Ӧֻҵ״̬ˣʱ䵽ˣֻǸոͻȻʧ˰̼ģ֮ӿܲá
Լʲôʲôţ˹ȥͼ춹úһ㡣
ǰÿƵ״ʱôȥģⷽľǷḻ
ߵ춹ߺСĸ죬֮ǰйʲôϵҪõ𣿡
춹еãȻ̧ͷѣ񡭡ûС
ʲôϲ𣿡۵һܿĵ顣
ϰ߾һЩĵ飬һͲ̫ˡ
춹ƺţһᰢûУ˵ˡ
ϲʲôʡ춹˵ϲܶණ
˵˵žЦϲÿ·Σ˺ܶǵĹ𻨸⣬һһԵ¼ܽء
۾һ߾ţȻЩûʲôӴСŮϲĶȻ̫˽⣬Щͻ鲻֪á
ţոΪͻ¼ýӲҲ
ˣϵ̻Ҳرÿ춹˵˵Ҳıرתͷ۾ķΧĹ⣬㿴ر̻ǶС󽫾ô֣һըȥյƬնġ
û۵ǰ̻Ҳֻô֡Ȧ˸ԲôĿ򲻵ء
ûɣ춹Цŵܿˡ
˵ЩʲôǰļɱЩˣתͷһ˿ŰЦҪģ£αظǼǰߡ
ҿͦие˹İ۵ļ򣬡ԱߵСĵͦ²ǶԼǸʲô˰ɣ
ְ˵Ŀüͷһ£ûл죬ֻǾǰţ춹Ҳһڰ۵ıĬĬز˵
ôһҲûԭ춹Ҫ˵ʲô
ǸŰ۵ļҪ˵ʲôʱ򣬲ԶȻһ
һ࿴һۣԼֹͬͣķȥ
ֵͷȻһ⳵װεĽӲӵģϹźܶʵСվŲ겻Ůӣÿ˵϶ΣЩŮӵͿĲҰףֻϵ޵Ĵ졣
ڸʲôüСֹһ䣬⳵ӿͺ֣һŨصĲĸоĺ춹ǺȻɫһ㿪ǳҪˣ
˵ŻĹǳ͵ĳ߿˹ɱһֲ
һƬ֮УƺֻǰһŷۺȹĹ
İͬŰߣ˿ݡͬɫҰף촽ʺ졣
һ˵ṦǧﱦվЩģ˵ڴֲ£һ˲䣬м˱˶顣
ֻĳӾһӹһûעǷˡֱֱĴϴٶ죬һƬ硣
䶨һ࿴˿Ȼ˼ϤӰ
ǾֵĳԶȥ˹ȥƺ֮оͲһֻֻѩ׵֣ʱؾͻͻȻקһ˽ȥ
ǾδĴŴ
ոһ룬קסߺ춹ĸ첲ʹ߾Ҳûзſ



ȳʻ˹ȥ, һзƽ˾, ʣδ׷ʲôǱ˴˻࿴ţȴֻҵ˸ոջվļ, ȴҲڵӰӡ
˼ˣһɱʣһ, һ˻ػ, ĸ
תۼ䣬¥ɱ־һ, Ȼ׷ʲôء
˾δ, ȫ˸ոȳѵĺ춹ֵͬĺ춹Զȥĳ, , Ҫȥˡ
ȥȥģиɱʡ
ؼҡ춹
ءң
˼ǳʧķ, ʵҲʮö춹˵ʲô, ǵĸоһСײһǳСʵĵù£ֵù»ǻɵʲôĵطϡ
ԭɱߵ, Ϲһ뿪, ٰѹϢ¥, ״, ټ, ¾ҪȫûˣνѵȫΣ֮ġ
һһľԲѰ
ΣտܾǱϸ΢, ƽʱܾԲ˹עĶ
˭ҲʲôʱſԼѪڣȻ˭ɡ
ЩɱǴŹģŹĿҲѹɱˡǿνĹֻ׿˵ĶȻȫ߹һǵƴĸǲҪɹȴƲסĸǿط
й
ϢĹԶģĹʱضɱ˵Ĺ
ոɽϵǸŮ˸ͲʲôӸ֣һĹأ
ͷǷǳģ˾ױ־ˣͷһðҲѹȥˡÿ˵ͷ
˼Ļһۣһ˿˵Ȼǻȥɣ
ȻĬطҶ׼̤˻ȥ·̡
춹ҲĬĸں棬ĺݣ۲֪ô˵춹ʱһԣ˵Լ԰ȳȥֻȥһСʱǾҪظ֮ǰҲͬҪɱڡ
ǰһߣҵطĹпܽһֱǳ˵Ρ
кңеû飬Ⱥɱʱûд춹ΪǻҪ춹ųȥ
춹˵ԭȵ·ڲˣΪҪˣϵҲҪؼҡǵ˳һ·ߡ
ʱһʮ㣬ûʲôܹסǣȥʱǴͷɥͷûˣһͬɥ֮Ȯ
ȥ·ǿŮĽȥӽֵһ߹Ȼת˽ϵĳǿȥһû˿вԣҲûһɱǰ
Ҿ͸˾һһͷСӣ㿪ΧˣǴĿһ˵ӡ
ߵķȷʵǳߵģһ·ϲûʲôˣô춹·ͦ׵ġ
춹ǲҪΪʱһ϶׼ҪؼˣŪ̫ӵȺɱǾͱøӰˡ
֮Уһʼǿдš֡ʯǰζӦӳˡ
Ҳû˿ԼѾ˵ĸо෴ֻëȻ
ǿʯͷۿɼǰƶ˼磬˭ƶģʯڵһǳǳİӡ
˵һҹ֮⻨ֵķΧֿ˼磬˵ĸоطһ̰ԵĹһͣͬΧĿռ䣬ҪطҲ̳ǡ
ʯָ棬ȺɱҲûκθʯڲͬĵطһʯţطûκ
˿ٹϼ죬ǰ־ͻᱻȫͬ
ϸ룬ϵ˹죬νĻֿܶΪĵص㣬Ͼ֮ǰǹϵĸΪҪɽǻûȥء
ǳȫɡһֱںİۺȻڡ
ڴʱ˿̸ĺɱֵ⣬Ǿûпڷԣֻа۲֪Լʲô
ú춹ֻǵ⣬ǿ͵ɱˣҪǳȥͻܶһᡣ
ۿź춹һ֪תͷǼǰߣ;ǸСԴƲôĶ
ʱʲôá
춹ƺûΪ뿪ܵʲôӰ죬۲²Ϊ裬ȵ赽һǿҲû취̤һˡ
ǼȫΧߣϿһˣǶʱ䣬ȻҪӵ־ֻаҹڿһ˵Ľֵ߹˲Żᶮ
һֱ˿Ҫӽӳڵĵطģ΢˵ĸоʱѾ΢΢һ˿⣬˿˵мֱʤĺŽǣҲϾͿ뿪ط֤
Ȼʱ仹磬Ѿʼ߶ˡϰ߻û񻨽ǱҹߵϾǿȫΧҲסŲ˿ڡ
දǿջǴ󲿷ֶǸոսסο͡
Ŵ˱𴲾ıȽ磬߹ʱͿֵѾϴˣһЩСҲѾ̯˳ʼµһ졣
·ͶֵĿ⣬Ͼ⼸ɱϻŴӻҵ·ء
ٽֵһջһҲϴ
һ󶣵һյƾͱ

Լϰߵʱ˴
˵ʱͲô磬ֵطܲǵ˯ţֵĺĴҲô
ڻºǰֵĺĴԼϢʱ䡣
ƿ׼һſЩɵСƳЩĿվڴڴ˸УͺȻ澭һȺˡ
ʱڴϳȺߵ˲࣬ûסĶ࿴һۡ
漸ŻŮ·ˣЩôôΥ͸С
Ȳ˵Դ·ƣǸ챻ű䣬⼫ͻĸͷôô֡
дһ룬ôʱǼеһ˾ͺȻǰ
һѪ·ϴһŲ԰׵ߣһŮ˵·Ҳû˿Υ͸УֻǽյĸϸֲͬѰ˵ʳеĸӵۡ
ƺϵᳯ߿Ҳ߿һۡ
һۣ濴ϷʺһϤèץ֮ĶȤζС
ͷ˲ͳϸܵ亹
˫۾Ӳİи˻ȥҲҧͷ
Ǹ˾ظȺ󣬶ǰ˼ֱûзһֻǳĬǰţֱǱҩһ
Ǹ˾棬¶һ˲²ⲻ͸Цݣøո𴲵Ľתţƴ˼ԷҪʲô
ϵһξ棿ѪһϷ
ȵȣȻǸ·Źֵԭˣֻһֿܡ
ΪЩˣһ书ˡ
ڽ˯ǰҹ͸ľ֮ŵĻҴĿе֪һԼԲϢǾ¥ǺҪˡ
Էھվǵ¥£¶׽͸Ц
⣬ʲô˼ƽĴЩסˡ
ԼԼĲµʲô
³¥ϳŷĽ¶˸ȤζʮЦתͷʱͱ޺
ǰʣµɱ֣˵ЩҪʱ򣬻ǵýһµġ
ȿȡϾڻõû
ǲ֪ո˯һĽȻֱֻӰǼҪ׷ɱǵɱ֡Ϊ͵ǰǻῪĻǻ־أ



˵ô򵥵Ļͷһڽо˾κ, ԼȴǰЩɱš
Ϊ֮ǰȺɱһҪ, ǾһûУпǱʲôͷһЩ㤡
Ϊ˯֮ǰ, òһ¡˵ЩӦòǻ, ȣǻ, 治Ǵ·, Σе㿴
ǽЩ, ǽĲ⼸ֵжϻ
ȻȺ, ǵݾֵһˡȺ˵һ, Ȼ治ĸں, Щ˰˳ɲԼй, ΪûèϷеǿϷ
ɽԼȺĸй, ǾԲôЦġ
ȻҲų񾭲ûйϵЦ, ͷҲôЦ
ðɣȺ˾ǳ¥ɱ֣ô˺üˡ, Ҳȫ򣬽Ⱥ¥ɱ־׷ˣⲻò˸̾һ¥ٶ, ͬʱý㤵ǻٶȡ
컨֪µץҲͲ̶̵ʱѣǾȻѾץˣȻǰ֪ԻƿȣǱˡ
ϾΪһҪ˿ղ鹤ְԱ˵ǳһ˷СҪһжôѡȺ˸һӾͱˣȻӾһɵĻһɹڽʱ֮ھͽǳɹץ
ΪʲôҪֻΪ˿Ϸ𣿽롣
ȻЩ񾭲ٶǸϷûʲôϵøְһæΪʲôæĬĬس¥Ͽһۡ
㣬ˡڻǱȥˣ˭֪˻ʲô¡
¥ݶûߣֱӷȥŸոһȥķ׷˹ȥ
Ǻ⼸ɱ𣿵ȻǣʵһȺɱֹһ˾ܽɾĵһɵһһɱֹ
ͦѵģһֱܷ¥ɱִײ˹ʺˣһξͲôˡľǻˮ
Ȼ¥һ£ǸĲʲô°²׼űĹҲˣڶҪǸСΪ˸ʲô
һֻԼȣ¾¥ǶǸСһĻǵӶĻ
¥ֱֱֱĳ˹ֿϷĸо
¥ȺɱԭﰲĵͷأۿžҪʤˣÿﶼӳĸоŲļӿһ㣬ôΰʥĹͷһ˴¥£Ȼ󼱴Ҵҵĳɱ˹
ȺɱʲôﻹⲻѾҪȫôʲôرΣյ£ӦҲ̫İɡ
ͷɱǳ־Գٶһ㣬ҲΪϴŵ·ǵж͵ƻĽʱøһ޷֮
Ϊ棬ҲΪʲôô棬ΪиڿţòôʮֵľӦǰɱ֡
ΪˣȺɱһγʲô־塭
մǸŮӳתͷһУȺɱ־ԼѪùˣ˲˱ŵ˵ϡ
ͽ͵۾ﻹڲͣźϣȴ
ֵʮֿ٣׼ַɿ䵽˵ļ׵ȻȥһҲֻܾöһȻҲˣͽҧƿеĶҩץ˵ֶΡ
ߵǰӣ뽭ٶȿ԰ɴ䣬һ㶼ˮġ
תͷֿǰĽýԿһ¥ɳȺɱֵʵΣ֮ǰ󲿷ֶɸɵˣھ浶ʵǹˡ
ͷʱվǰһɱϾͺȻ˺ݡ
һקڻǰһɱ֣ȻͳԼһֱĵŻµ棬һѽš
Ѫӽ˿Уڻµ۾Ƿ
ʵ̫죬Ҳ̫ˡ
Ǹͱһɱûһ˿飬ûС
ѪǸ˵ǰ˳µϣûжֻһֱǰ档
и˿ıӰ»ΪڽһĻ۾գڿš
ҲֻϤ˲ܴ۾￴
ⴿˡ
ȷʵǴԶ·һᣬǰȺɱֻ𷴿һǰĽתȾܣȴû˻ͳԼĶѡ
죬ǰǸһͱɱԼѵҲѪתͷһۣ¿۾һѹֵķ񣬻һֲ̡ոնЩٶۣڿ˸ոյǸ˺ĶͻȻͱ
ոɱǸʬ䵽˵ϣˤڻµǰһƵԶԶĽƺʮֲˬеһȻֱֱĳ˳˹ûһǰͻȻŵֻ׼սپ
Ǹ˶һ룬ϰһɱ֣еһɱֶ˵ǿ߰ɣӻزˡ
ͦ侲ҲͦѪģǺѡոǸɱ־רϺģǶǸɱԼҲ
Ҫһ˰Ϣȥ
ۺʣµһͳԼҲޱ顣׼ҪɱȥˣȻʱʣµһɱͻȻ˵߿ԣ֮ǰȰɱˡ
һָָ̧ӸղžһֱĬĬվŵĻ¡
µϻոձմϵѪΣ۾еֱҲЩʲôֻʲôҲû롣ʹҪɱĻҲûκηӦǶһ
ӦֳԼ
ոǸɱ˵ĻʱȻԥһ£Ҳ֪ԼԥʲôֻͬҲվ
һɱֳŻµķ΢һ֪ƵġǸɱֵķһۣ۾ûʲô
ȻȴȻ˵һμʱһվڽֽǣΧ룬ȴ۵һǵһ۾Ϳ
طûǣҲһȫͬ
˺ܶණģһᣬԼ˵ߣ
ɱˣǶһۣû˷ʱ䣬ת뿪
һתͷĺ춹춹Ͱĵͷվ
㡭׼𣿡춹ô˵



ѡ, һõǰ˵ĲӣȻ󾡿׷ǰɱ֡һǰеѵ, ȻǰһǸ˷˿
ѡ񲢲Ѿһǰȴﾲվ, ֪Щʲô
֪µ춹ӦÿʲôԾ, ΪӲɵӡԼĸ, ԴͲһӵɵӿ
ңǾͿ߰ɡ춹˵
⻰Ȼһҭ
һ͸ˡ
춹վƺֻ˵һܼ򵥵ĵ, 仰ȴð޻˵Ҳưһվں춹Ķ, ˵춹ȻǸܴˡ
ͷβһ仰û˵ѾһСѡٶһᣬҲôһ֪뿪ˡ
ԭؾ˰죬Ҳ֪ôڡŶ춹ûп, ڰ۵, һһź, ģģģȴ
춹վĶóʱ䶼˵, ֵ˵߰ɣڵġ
ֵϵվе󣬳˯, ˯ñȽһֱЩĵģһֱˣԼ۾ƿ濴һۣȻͺȻĬ
Լ۾һ£ºŲŹ˴Ȼ͵ѻں˯ԣˣ
ôˣ͵ıѣҲеãȻקϵʱû׷ʲôֻǲͣ˵ӳˣ֮ǰҲûʲôԾĵط
һĪĿ˴⣬˵Ǹ˿ǻͻȻ˰һۿһѪҲеһϸͷֽȻеˣѪӦǱ˵ѪʵǺѵġ
õģֻǡԸ뿪ڰοһǣ߾ͺȻת˽վŵһߵϡ
ҲԼ۾һ£ºò˵ԣǰŹϡ
ΪʲôһãȻǲҪȥȽӳ𣿡
ȣȣʲôȣԶŵͣˣæҵİѴϣҷ·һ㶯¥µǸע⵽
ǣ˵ֲɵСɶӦûУϴһֱڵ¶ûһ۾ϳˣŵͷƤ˵Ƶġ
˵ʱѽһ¥е㲻̫Ĳ̫ȥ
λϵ¥վŸأ
ԾԼǡݡ缴Ŀ飬ⶼֵסȼյĺ֮ģĺ뿴浽׷ʲôЩûӣ˺ܾãڴָͷһС
ֹûҪɱ˼ûУֻǾվվһûġСӣ
ʵЩ׽͸һһӣԾİõļ¥Ϲ۲춯
˺춹Ļ춹⻰һȰ档
֪Լ첻뿪ܻڣ־뿪һڡ
߰ͷԴĳײţͣվһᡣ
Ȼҡҡͷ
ĺ춹ƺû׹ʲô˼أǸƺѾҪ¥ǸɱָˡͷۺȻץǰ춹ĸ첲ɿĳԱߵһС˽ȥ
춹ûʲôľͱקˣ޹һ㣬קʱֻܾʱᱻԼקϡ
ٶȷɿ죬ԺĽ¥ϵԶûзӦ⵽׷ʲôͿۺȻקˡ
ǷӦʱ򣬶ԷѾ֮زز
˶˺óóʱŷӦʲôΪ㱻˿һ
Ը¥˺óóʱ䣬Ȼ˵һ䣬ʿ
ôһûͷûԵĻԱߵǸĪոʲôûпҲֻܲԵ׿ʲô
קź춹ƵСһš
Ĳֻ࣬קź춹Ͽ뿪ط뿪Ǹڷɱ˵ķӣ뿪Ǳߵո뿪ȫԶɱ֡
ƵСǰƴҪӳȥĵط
ʱ⼸ɱͷҲ̧С氲ߣ˭Ҳҷȴ˷ƵܣŲڵ̤˵Ľ񶼷
ܰɣ֪Ҫܵ
Ҳûһ׼ȷķֻ֪Ҫܣأ
춹³ȫطʹܳȥҲʮֵΣգ¥߱鲼£Ҳ೤ʱ䡣
ȫţȫʲôȫĵطأǸ޺ŮˣЩ̻Ի͵ûһ˿̻һطɱǣ춹ֺط롣
ֻܣͺûδܡ
۴ź춹쾭ӣýֵһЩؼЩŮǰ
תͷƺִ³ܷʽҲһĮģϴ΢΢ľȡ
Щˡɲһʲô£ȱҪ˶ˣǰҲ˲ˣⳡУЩŮ˶ûô
طʵ㲻һܺõĲص㣬ǵú춹һССӣǿȲط¥ɱҲ׵˽ˣ춹뷢ӦҲһӡ
ոܵʱۻһƬ磬֮ܵȻһԶнԵļƻ
뵽ܹ飬ɭɭȫŬŻȥ֮һ׷˵һ̣֮ǰƺ˻ܹһΰӡ
˵Ǹ˻һɱͲ֪ȷ軹Ǻ춹ȷ衣ǺҲǺԶԶ飬˵ЩһƺԿĺԶ˹е棿
ź춹ܻ˻֣ģϱ˺ܶ࣬Զ̫Ѿһ㣬ƺ·𶼱յõģ۵Ҳһõġ
ź춹ȥǸ˹ȥŲҲ·Ѿǲ̫ˣֻתͷʺ춹ģҼǲסˣȻȥϢһᣬԵ㶫˵
ź춹òƺӣҲط׬Ǯô죬׬ǮҪһ㣿
ǻ֮һ˵ʱǵҲܸùһ㣬۾ԼеɵǺǵţҲ
ʱ򣬾ͷĺ춹ð춼ûлػ
תͷҪȥ춹ȴڻûлͷʱһ
˵˵»ڵġ
۲˵Ҳûж
ֻĳЩֵ

ɵ¥ɱֵĽԶһãȻӣûع
ոС˭еݰ

峿

ڰ˵, Ǹϡϡ죬Ȼһ¡
ڸողû, Ҳûʱ򣬰ȴĪðһͷ
ô, ϿĶǹŹֲϳġ
ЩŮתͷͻɱ˲գ۵, Щƽĵط, תֻΣķ
ô, һֱԱߵĺ춹һ䱻һɢĻ, Ӧᣬÿˡ
͸ЩŮһӵһ, ˵, ˵۾, Ρ
仰˵һŮ, ֮ǰЩŮʲôأ
֪ԼԴȻðͷЩԲ춹
ʱ˿ֵ, Ȼ̫һͷ
ʱ˿ֵֻ̽, ϵʧ󣬽ϳֳһַò
̫ѾĹߣվûȫ, ģųеĹ⣬һվǴŰɫġ
˵, ڵġǸ΢ùһ㣬˿ϸ΢ı仯ָоžһأһ
ǸһʼϤβͱһİֵ
۵Լĵתȥˡ
תǰῴһܿµľ󣬵תͷʱȴֱľ
ĺ춹ȥôϵĺƳĵƤرİ𪣬ոհʱȥ޹ǣָ˳
á
ͷһɱʧ֮ǰʲôСʱ򿴹ܶ໭Ҳܷḻܶеûġ
ԺһܿµĻ棬ǸŮ˶ͷֵʱȻ䱩ߣͷȻһŤ
춹û˳μһ
üֱˡ
춹ջģ첢ûйȥһתֻǾؿź춹
ʵոˣûôˡһοڣǸùŹֵһʮֵͳ
ֻ˵ֲϡ
۾ԼھȻ侲֮ǰҪ侲Ķ࣬û˵ԼҪҸطһ᷹Ҳû˵Լ˭ȷ顣
ԼӦкܶණҪ˵ģȴ־ЩԶ˵ˡ
Լĵź춹¥ɱһҲý
ٿ춹һ¥ɱ֣Ϊɱȫ˵ġ

ߵļ˸ˣʸոյǸקŻһܵĴ羿˭ȻͿԭѾϨĵֱ
һ˵Ҳû˻ڰƣڣԭӦѾȥ˯˳һյյƴ˳µĹһ˷档
ЩժºҲûй೤ʱѣЩȴӸոտʼһֱһ
һŸֻ·´˳ȻҺ˵ƣӽվֵľͷʼһֱܹĵطȫˡ
ĵڰЩһȴһӾϵľ
ǾһᣬϵľȾͽɢȥתһΡ
żվ·룬񵭶Ŀһ˴߹ʱʱĻһ£ڳط
ģ¥Ѿ״ס˱ȣֱǸ߳˲ֹһǰˡ
ЩҪһʮĴӵϷǼѾصˣȻӽڽǰĩ˻ŽһȻ¡
ֵľͷ˼ˣ˿ûĿ˹ȥͿŮѺŸոܵ¥ɱ֡
֪ͬӵ˽ǰ
һ˾Ҫ룬ֻ֡롱ȴýЩͷۡ
תͷһ¥ϣǸԵԺĿɿڴĿ¥£춼Ѿϲˡ
ǱȽķӦҪģͲҪһܵˣǰѾ͸ˣҲֻǱǰģԾһ£ҲܿͷӦ˹
ǶԺ˵ȫˢ۵ˡ
۱ǰɱǾеͷۣһŮˣʣЩ̫ˣЩ𡣡
Լùصڻʲô㲻ϣԲŻĵĸ˹ֻΪһֱʣἴʹִ˼ɱҲôų
һ߿Щɱ֣һ۵´ˡôλһ£΢һأ
ʱ˰
ŵʱתͷĳյĴִûб򿪣˻˯
˯̫ˡĵ룬һᶼϰߣʱϰԵҹһҹû˯Ҳû𴲡
ʱ򣬽;ûϰ߿ǺãȻʱ򿴼¥ⳡ֪ᷢʲô
¥ϵԺǻһãȻĿ棬Ҳ˵ڵ飬ո˯һͷԭԼ¥µĵСӵĴǸӶ˼ҵˣֳȻ̫ˡ
ǻе㾭飬ҲֻСֹⲻǽ˼ҵ𡣡ǱߵԿǵһˣĿɿڴĿǸأ
Ҳô˵ӳ˼ǻߵ˰ץЩˣ
һĲ˼飬ΪʲôΪʲôץЩ˰
Ҳһҡͷ
ֻЩ˼飬ֻɱ˵ģûרŹæġ
ʲôʱô˵ˣ˵
ô˵αҪǧĸŵôطܿأ
ӳأǺȻһ£ǲӦýлӳ
˵תͳӡ
ԶԶһϣ춹ͰѾվǹ˺ܳʱˣ춹˿ɫ૵ʱеˡ˭뵽ͻ״
İеĵһֱָͺûпһͦĵܼȥˡ
㾿Ǹʲô
İ۾ؿź춹úȻ˵ôһ仰
춹ĵǺ춹
۲ûнӻֻսеĵȻź춹˹ȥ
춹ûжԣֻʱ򣬺Ȼ˿ɵľһ
˽ʱ򣬰ᵽ˺춹ϵһƯ۾Ȼ˺춹˵Ļ
˵ԼϲƯ·ΣĶ



¿Ŷİ, ȻҲͦ˼ġ
֮ǰλС˧绹קһ·ܣקĲ
һĲԾó˵ĳ˵ɱֵĻͦϸ, ɴ, һֲԾתĿ, һ㶼ˮ
ɴû¶еĿ࿴
¿һ۰۵۾ֵ밥ѽ, ׺, ǲǲ𡭡
Ҫǰչ׼ɵǲӦ͵һǺ
µ˵˵ģҪ̫ж, ˵ˡ
ʵµĴǰ۰ºЩɱܣȻٳֵġ
ǾԲܰ¥ɱȫģܵҸȥ¥, ¥Ǹǿ, ͬʱٴһ¡ڻ˼
ʵʱѡľǰСӳȥϢΪҲͿۻͦ˳۵ģո˵ǼɱʵǳȫҲӲȥȫӿ, ﻹлڵǡ
Ȼһ˵벻ԼĹӵģȫȷʵе㲻һ뻪»ûƹȺ˵Ķ
ȻһҲŵˣ׼Űٺһ, ؼʱ̿ԳֱƽʹڲľУʺӿŵͷϡ˵ʱȺһγ֣Ŀ¥ʣµЩɱȫֻʣ°һ˻ȥ
ۻ¥ܰϢˣͬʱȥĹҲһڻĿֲ¥֮ʱҲеû
ͣһʼȷôģеٲõ˼
ΪʲôǷôһҪҪҰΪʲô
Ǿ仰Ժ󣬰קתܣ˶ˣļƻôɴıȫ̴ңڡܡĹ˦һ뵽˦ͻ˺춹裬Ӳıקһء
ק𡰺춹ʱ˵ǴסˣԼлҲסˣзˢûһΰȻŰ۴ź춹ôһ·СܼӴ֮زز
ʵͦ˼ġҪǲֹһ°ۣĻɰۻקֱӾ˻ֵĸСˡ
ʵ˵ĸҲʱҵģΪûסԲһͽıڵӡٻȥң治һҵõ
һɺûжǹ۲ŻµĶ¿˿۵书ȷʵƾ˵¥ҲǸӢˣȻ¥ӢźҲûʲôá
˵Ϊקһ·񱼶Īķ˱仯»ȵסġϽ׸˺˰ɣٲ˺Ҫˣ˵±ͦϲԹϿϷ̫ϲϳԼϡ
ʵáѺеֹͷˣȻ˵ҪչʲôЩĸоӦõֹһ¡
¿ŶİۣɫĴǸʱġ춹ػеĻģֹĵһԼø춹һ
Թ˵仯ʮ־˵ġ
춹ʵӽϱӻûԽʱӣݵʱӦֵģԼǲ̫ܸо仯жôľˣڰ۵УǰѾ췭ظı仯
ۿŶĺ춹𽥲ı仯ֱ仯˵ôһ£ͺһ˽ıһһѹϢϴ˳Ҳʱ򣬰۲źȻʶһ¡춹Ӧúǿ
ǿʲô̶ȣ
ʶǰĺ춹пǿˡ
Ϊͷһһ˵ϼɽͺһĸо˼
Ҳķ˱仯˫۾һֱˮƺʢᣬȻڣٿ˫۾ȴ̲סҪ
һűԼǿܶ˲Żһֿ־𽥵ȼۺȻʶ춹еķʵȽκһҪ١
˵Բ˿Ѿˡ
ϣͬ˳վڽֵྲؿ
Լࡣ
춹Ѿ׵ıˣһֵͳҴдԵ
ȻѾױһ˵ôĲࡣ
۴ﻹһ˿ϤᣬͲ·ǿ̽˵ĹģǸˡ
ѵĻһʸʲôϣȴڲ֮в֪ıȥ
ĸ顣
Ҳ֪Ǹ˻Ǹˡ
ϵֱöǴ󶼺Ȼıܿ춹Ͱˣۿոնһĺ춹ƺûΪһġ
˸ͽˣбȥǰĿŻڵߣ˵һʱ
˵ΧֱÿյģΧŮڽֵϳȺӵţǶ൱Ĭıܿˣ񿴲һʱһֵ˵ʱ˵һʱ
춹ɻǾؿߣ˺ܾãҲֻһᣬĿߵƲʵ
˵Ҫҳȥġ
ƺûаѸոհ۵һϡ
仰۵ĺһͣɿ֮ǰǸŮ˶˵Ļ֮ǰԼԻĹеһϵۡ
ֵϾȻǷӣȴƫƫڰһ˵תţڼѹеĲͼһ
һǵľۼأȴȫƯŮˣŻ·ŰΣ˿Ĺƶ߳ɱľ
ǸŮ˵Ƿǵļң˵⻰ʱ˵ǰλԼһ
ǵģ顣
ܹӴһӹҪֲֶΡ
ΪĹӵ˻ǸԸʮѹֵķӣϰ˵ԲŻһֵֹĹӣﳰЦԷ͹Ź֣һϹŶ
ǾڸղȻˣӵĲڹǸϹŶΪһ̫ɾˡ
̫ǵҲܵһĲĹӡ
ΪˣϵǲŻ飬ǸŮһ
۲֪֪һ㣬ΪһֱųŷӣӵһУŬ˵֪֪ǵ˵ҪĻأ²֪
Ǹ˵⻰ʱѵĻǻأ
һӵĻӦûһˡ
ᾹȻԼ쳣򶨣˽Ҫ
Ϊʱ¥ɱ
ΪԶл飬ڻǰˡ
лҪ˵ҽ졭ŵ˵ˡ(Ŵ)ǸĶٵʱÿɼˣôһ𣬵ȵϸдʱ򣬾һ߰ߣװ
ͷŶ=أ=



ᶼת˲ŵ, һβץסԶҲˡ
ɱһǶôѵõĻᣬⰢҲ
һֺ̣ܲΣյĴ, ˵ɱ˹¥µĻô˽ԼʵҲǲŹκһԼǰĹġ
˶ӵһֶôµĶ, ¥Ż
ϵǽǵ, ʵϹȷʵ, ַ˵Զ
һͻĶ˭Ҳ޷Ƿֺ, ΪǸزѾնɱˡ
еĶҲûǶ, մȾѪȣԼˡ
ǾǻŵĶ, ԰˽üʹǰĶҲһôֵ¡
˵ǰġ춹
ڽϿҲֻǲ֮ǰ£ۻǵáֺϵ
ڿжôᣬⲢһº, ֪ǻ˵ġ
⻨Ͼһоð, ӵĹһôµˣܷӦʵģģΪӴ˵ѡ
Լʹǰĺ춹޹ǵģɢŵ, ҲĺܣԼǲͬġ
һʱ¥Ĳ²͸жϣܹǳأϢδ֪ģ¥һʲôطôܻΪС¶һ׼ûС
ϲŭ޳ÿһԸΪͬеЩѾŤģͳ˲һˡ˵ҲֻһոտʼʴôѾ⸲ǣԭӡ
ǰȻĹкܶĲһЩطվǹͨġ
ԶһЩķӡ
˵˼άȥƲǵʲôѾûʲôˣᰢҲûȥ׷ʶԷΪʲôŪˡ춹һƭԼָԼװģһΪʲô
۰ͨͨǹһʱѪǹһСĴСӵһȻСߣ֯©ٳĻԣԾһĿڻš
һ׽ˡ
ôš
Ļ²֪ʲôеĶԲҲ˳
ȻҪԼƽʱķǾ벻µβģ˼ʽ״еĻǽͳˡ
ȥ𣬺αô鷳
¾ַһԼɥĲݼܽһԼʱװӵľ飬Էһޱľ
ȵʱٰͱȽ˳ˣͲᱻﲻԾҲʶʱżϵһϷ
¾ԼԶɲһΪһ˵ʲôģҪɱ˵ʱɱˣҪ˵ʱͷˣǸĹ
ֻΪ浶ǹɱĹӶ̫ѣһҲȽֱֱȥ
²Уǰ˼룬ΪѣʱװԼƽȥһݵ񣬵һֱΪӦòĹ
ôһӣһ¾ӦòҪκˡ
Լⷽ츳ǿģ֤ðۿһ˿
״еĴͳԼ޵еٶһ¶֣Ͼè׽ӵʱһٳԵģǵΪԼܵĻᡣ
ôһ˲䣬ΪԼǰֻǻһ£ΪǰֻһƬӰһررӰӣļֱΪһƬëԼǰһ
ǰһ룬ۻ˼ܹɱɹĸʣһ룬ͺȻԼ̫Цˣǰ˵Ҳֻһֻ䶯Сӡ
ҧԼ˵סʵͷôȵס
ڸоʹ˲䣬ͿƲסķһɾǰĸоȻǸѵɱ֣ʱҲû취ס˵ıܡ
еļƻежڿ˵˲ʧһɶ
Ϊʲô˶˵µĴڡ
ĸоԼؿڴһɴʹȻǻۣһζֱûкĵİһʹȥ
۾һɳĮŵһһɱ˵Լ书ǱܾãȻȻֵֺѸ١
ʹѾ˾廹ϰԵ˵ֿơ
۲ûΪԼϣãͷֿҲ˱ľȫǶһǱ
ֻΣЩ̫һ
춹䵽һߣĿ˹
۾۾ƺһζȻӣƺɺֻʲôû룬ֻǾؿ
ڶԷЩʲô۲²͸Ҳ²ס
һ˼ôܲµ͸
¿Űе£ղȻģһ˶һ£Լôһ£ҲҸ͵͵һᡣ
ѾǸ˵ʹˣ󣬶ʲôҲûС
ʲôеԴ󣬸ղһ´лûаԼе˵׼ԷûзӦԼľ񶼲ˡ
Ǿ͡һ£
΢΢һȭͷɿԭغȻһӰ
δվȵİתۼؿַһûжĶź춹
¿Ű۵ï}ûţܾðڿеˡ
˵ڵ˵ӦŶԣôôð۱ԼҪ˵ǸΪۿ񣬾͸һ
²Լ￴ʲô֮һֳޣ˵Ҳ֣Ҳʶһϣ۵۾ﾹȻ˳ޡ
һ˿ޣԼ֪
۴ǲ֪ԼڻµʲôӵģҲͬ²Լеһڰ۵УĹһڹۿųˡ
ԼСʱҲվڹǰ濴ŹĳӣڹһβݶŪĻ˺ҧֱ
۱ʲôزûзеĵĵһֱǹӣԤʱظĹһɱǿڹĶֻҪ˻ţͻһ˿ᡣ
ֻİ۶ٻҵһ˿ֵ©˲佫һֱŵĵ̳ȥһΣҲһ˿ˡ
ƺ˺ܾúܾá
ڵϣˣʱҲͽȥһѡ
Ѿ˴СС˿ڣ·ҲˣЩ˿ڶèץʱһϸۣۼѾ˶ˡ
¿ŵڵϵİۣһεľЩͷۡ
ͷһοôģһԣ̫ص֣˼һԣû취ֻӲ
˵Ҫǿһ¶ôݡ
˵ûʲôˣҲǸϲŰ˵ˡߵüͷĳŰ˹ȥ˵ӾһˣһҪѶԷŪȻٿȥ
ŵĳŰ˹
ڵϵİʵĿź춹˹һѵ룬ǽҪ
еĵţƺǰ֪Լ̧ˡ
ոԼٵΣԷ׾ٵĶ㿪ǼֱجһеĹûõģһδεù
ȻڵϵİȴǸװųӵСӣԼڵЩʲôȴƺԼԼһЩ
뵱Щӣһ˾ӸµĿţ׵ԼŹƵģڳ˵һ׵ĺҲɣ
䲻ϲǰ˵ɳӣ˾ô׾ٵİŪڹ֮䣬Ǹ߸ϵ顣֪Ϊʲôһ뵽ͻڷ
ǰʱǸܽܽ
ܿ·ϵİƣЩΡ
ηĹӳ˰۵ҲѻȻһ˲
һ̣֪һ¡
Ȼ˶Էһ⣬ǲϲƯ·ÿΣҲϲĶ

ʱ򣬺Ȼһ㶡
еģûƭԷļ֮һ
ΪʱЩûʲôҪģԾ˵˳ʱԷȻȴ֪ôش
ôһĹ򣬻µ۾һ⡣

۵۾ʵѾ̫ˣΪģֻ˳֮ǰϰߣǰݺݵش̳һӡһһգֻ´пʱֿĸо
һΣһϤȴİʱ˿ûзӦ
ʮֵϺõĲ˺ѵ۵ֺȻҲúǽһģûκηĵط
۾ͺȻסˡ
ᵽһ˿ζ
һûбڴŵľϲ
лҪ˵ˡһͿʼˣΪ̫ˣιȥͲˣͲˡ
(סԼϡٵͷ)
(³̫ˣҼǵһʼҾðܸ)
ͷŶ=أ=

Ц

ǰѵ̽ȥĲ࣬Ϊǵ̽ȥʱ, ʵѾӦ, ΢һ㡣
һǵͱܿҪ, ̵ֻ, Σûʲô, ˵Ļ, ¾ܵ˱ϻҪҵ㡣
Լû뵽﷭˴һǵŻһǰĴ֮ȣϵ۶̫ˡ
ⲻ۲۵⣬Ƕ⡣
һоû, һ˶ĸо, ͻȻðСе˧˧˧ģ¾ͱȽ־ǳǿˡ
ⶼˣȻܼǵõͱһ£Һɵ, Ȼһ¹Ҳͽˡ
ЩĿΧһֻۣΧ˶ȥȥģûһͷתģû΢һ㡣
ͷŰۣȻСӵıͦ˼
ղſһ˵ı, Ȼ͵ɴ۾ƺҪ
ʲô˼
ʲôĪһ
ǻȥԼƭ˶Է鹹˺춹⣬Ҳûƭʲôˡ
ӦãҲʲô񼫵°ɣ
Ͼ¾ԼûҪԷ۵ıôˡ
Īе飬û̫Էɶ˼ܸоӦþһԽܶ˼ϧǸѧ
ͷǿסק˳
קһ̣±΢Ťһ£˲תͷ߿Ȼ۾ɵϴ󣬵ȴһֱҲûн࣬»ԼǰȻ
İõΪûܿüܳı飬Ѱһƴ˹ȥ
ιȥ֮ǰŬǸѪζ壬ֻȥжϡ
ȷԼǷĴ˶ԷΪеʱԼҲһ¡
һ̣۵ƺ˺ܶණ֪ԼжԷΪԷĶˣԷĶΪʲôأ
ֻԼո˵һ仰
ǲϲƯ·ÿΣĶ
Ȼ̫İ˻ϵĴŸƯ·ŮˣŮͷϵΣ˺춹˵⻰ӡ
㿴һġԼ˵
֪ΪʲôðͷʱȻһЩһӱƽһ
۵ʮֵƽһֹƽ󡭡Ϊ֪ԼѾҪˡ
ԼһܲɱԷԼǾӲȥģֻһʼ
֮ǰŪһ飬ͺȻûʲôźˡһûü黹кܶ࣬Ҳкܶ࡭ˣҲûʲôˡ
ɱִûԼĶʱصȥҲǺ顣֮ǰڻϵǼɱһֵֻѡ
ǰľȻǺģΪǰҲδô
ϵһһǰоҲֻǼѡ
ͣĵطԶգһδ̫յĵط̫Ѿˣǰۿ죬ȴоԼûӳǸҹ

Ĵ¥ȺħĻ֣ļֱûпһ
ԺĿ˶ʽ˵ġ
Ͼڴ¥¿ѾվһˣЩ˶һϹϾߣرֲҪûʹƻܲסǺԾеˡ
Լ̹˵ô˵ҲˣŵĲ´Ь¡
ǸǰʽӶӲ֮ǰǻܱܲܿĶĿأڿҲ̫ᡣ
ȻǸڻûŰǸɱˣ֤ԷʱǻûȤ£ûԼԼ
ǵӳЩˡô죿
Լͷתͷ¥µЩˣ룬ƺ־ôҲôһ£˵ûʲô䲻һ}ûš
ܵľ¥ǺԶҪȥֻܸƨɺ档
ȵ¥󣬽Ҳûȥĵطֻվ˻µǰȻر𵭶š
ˡ
տﴫŵԺǻһۣе£˵ûӳŸ
ǺȻʲô
˺ü£Ļƺĸһӣ涼ûκ
ţüͷҲ˹ƺôһ£ȻҪôǰһ룬źȻˡ
·΢΢ЩҵĻ³ǵǰ˼ĶЦһ£汧ǸЩôˣʲô𣿡
￴һۣţżС
ûʲôԷɡҲû˵Ļת¥
Ǻ˶һ£˵ô£ôֻлӳԷ
ǽҲһת¥ҲֻĬĬĸҲ¥
µȵ֮󣬲Ĺš
ѴϵСȻվڴǰŽϵĳ˴˸кǸ˲ͿʼŻĴӽϳ롣
ȵһк󣬻ֻڴʬǸڸҩеۡ
Ǹտʼʱ򻹺ãžԽԽۣ²ʬΪ¥»ڵԷء
һû˯ľƣڶӻر۵Ļֻǿ¥һ¥Ϳر𵭶࣬ԱߵԺǶһرֵı飬ֱǸոһһ
Ժڵ鶼е΢ոս¥ʱǻ̫׽ôôʹ졣
Ǹյһ¥Ϳ˿ʼĳ룬ոǼץ¥ɱҲߣ͸˼ֻһ
ڻǰӣֵϸոȫ꣬±øɾһգֻʣ˼СҲѾ
ɫѾȫˣոûпһĻô͸ȥÿһûκε͡
ʱ綼Ѿһɶˣװһ֪ϰ࣬öӻĶˣֵͦλߡ
Ժ඼еȲȥˣ˶̫죬װһ޺Ҳ˿βطŨŨĹУ෴ΪãԵøӵĹ졣
תͷѻһ˵ӳôôҪһᡭ
Ļû˵꣬ԱߵĽɿһζŨһϽ죬ȴӳȻʲô
µǺȹ࣬еûеٳԵ˼
еϧ̫̫࣬˼ٳˡ
һֵϣ̧һĽʵʵԶʻȥ
ǸĽʵʵȫѪʮֵˣǻдǸˡ
ֵǣϾȻһ˿Ц⡣
һˣô¶Цأ

Զһ

˷, ΢ʰһ, ¾ýӦҪȥ̽顱һˡ
˵ǼºǲһϽֹ, װǵװһµ, Ȼȫˡ
Ȼ극ʹǳȥת, Ҳ
ĬĬسصķȥߵһҿջһɣ˲¥СһƬ, ¶ҪҩͲˮ
֮, ¥һһС˧, Ժ͵ͷվŻ°ҩꡣ
ڿɲ̫, ΪԼЩ, ʱȣҲûʲô취
С˧Ҫ̸ЩҪµ, ˵ʱ, µҩ͸Ա߷ţһ̡
ԼҪԵĶ, С˧һ˵֮ԷҪʱ˵ΪҪһ顣
ʱǸ¥ɱΪʲôҪȻɱͬ顣
벻⣬ʱˣǰɱֲǷ˰ɣǵõʱɱǸɱֵı, һֺľӣ֪»ᷢһ
ǸͷҲɱԼ¡С˧ǰ㱨֮ǰ²֪飬˵ǸͷɱԼºҲͻȻˡ
˵һλ˵żȻξ;ǱȻˡ
ʲôëɱԼߵˡ
˵ðһصĲ룬Щ棬ͨɱ˾ͿԱǿģԵʱЩɱֳߵǲѾ˵£˵¥˺üɱֹеһЩ˾רűɱģ
ͻȻðô뷨¾;ñһֶ񺮸вڿǸɱԼµʱ
ҲԼ뷨̫̬һ㣬һð󣬾ԽԽӦôһ¡
ȥ¥ЩҪҪô̬һֱԼ͸¥Ⱥ˵ı̶̬ˣǽȴԼǵ͹ǡ
˵䲻³ôһµ࣬»ûŶãʵ̫ˣҺͷɢģԻ¿ûʲôΣյ·Ϳҩ
С˧翴ŻҩĶֱֹ̧ͷʱһߡ
¶죬û˵˼ĬĬջԼߡ
˺񾭣ʲôֱ˵¡
ڽţȥһʵҲӦøһģǽһôˣԼ𡱵ı飬ֱӰˡ
ȫر֣ȫĻױƷҵֵ֮ĳ̶ȸٲȻгΪһҵصĸо
Բڽϣ˭ûȿ˵ֻǿΧķ羰ﲢһӵĻҲ治ʧΪһεĺȥ
˺ܳʱ䣬ȿ˿ڣΪʲôѻţ
˵һµΪ¾ǻ£ʲôˣʶʱǻ£˶ѡ
תͷһ۽ȻǸˣȻҲǿҪȥȫľͿȥŴСˡ
ڻˣĸоʵʮֵĸӡ
һ棬ӡʱʱڵÿ컭ɫɱȫʱǸ˵ӡ
һ棬ҲǽĹ۲ƽʱĻ£ò˿һҰĶûеӡ
ݵĻ¡±ǻɽǸʮүӻҪƣĲ̫е硣
磬Ǹ磿
硱͡¡˵Ĳ໹ͦģھ۹棬ºϲܿ۹Ƶˡ
һʼľǻ£ôҲͰˣԼԷݣԼҲδزͶԷΪܺõѣΪ¡һԸرˡ
Լˡ硱
ٿŻµʱ򣬾ĪЩŲ̫
Ż£Լľ֣ͺĳԼԼӰӳһ˿⣬Ϥָо˵ҲϤĸоʲô
ͺӦվھ۹£Ӧ͵͵Ĳﲻԣ˵ʲô⡣
ԼҲ֪Է֪֪ϴ¥ȥʵر˧˧Χе˶ֻˡ
Լ뷨ЩڿЦΪ˿϶ϲĻ£뷨Ҳδ̫һ㣬ʹûжԱ˿˵ֻ͵͵Լš
ʵ˵˾ͻᱻЦ֪Ǵġ

ԲǻʱսսĻһ䶼˵ܶ㿪Ͷ㿪´̼״С
Żһ̫֡ơľ
ϾȻ̫˵ʵԸĲ
Ĺ۲״жԵ̬ȣֻҪǲ˵࿴ĿǰӦþͲ¡
һ˽״е״ô̫֡Ը⿴Եġ
Ȼôе̬֮ǰԾн˰
ʮֵĸжʱԶһ㣬״ӦһûԵ
ջ굥˼άֿп޵ĶǸʱ;Եġ
ϱӵ˵¾Ժǳͷβı磬ӦþԸ񲻺ϣֿӦҲûˣαһϵ
ⷽ黪Ҳ̫ĸоϱİҲȷʵǿ̫ǿһЩҲǸͦˣҲġ
ȻһΣ״ӦҲѧ˼Һúദ׼ְԷһʾ£ͨҲԡ
״˵ԴǿĲĲҽõġ
ҽŰɡ
ԣ¾ôһˡǿƿ£״вҲø
ԾԼʼտ̫͸ˡ
ܾûһر𵭶ЩڣǱ˿˸⣬˶ԻʶƸС
ʵͲ̫ϲ̫ǿƵദܻƽʱͦº͵ģÿһ˵̲סԷϴȫʱǸѹȫӣȻҲûи̸ĵӡ
һϴλ´ɱ¥ӣﾹȻһֺٻеľ塭
־;»һЩӵｻӣʹÿԻµʱ͸øӡ
ڽϲţһᣬȻڵ˶Զˣ
һ˰ɣԵ
ˣӦ뻪¹ԶˡȻڣ˵˾̫׵Ļ
ԼΪԼĶ⣬ȷһ飬Է˵ľġ
ΪʲôҪ뻪Զһ㣿Щ⡣
תͷһۣ˵ڻڸأ
ܾлȴôҲ벻⻰滹ʲôĺ塣



ת˴Ż
һ·, ԿλƵ˰, Ȼһ·, ʱʱȥ֬ˮôģƵĻ˿ջ
һ·濴κεҪúõ˼, ǴԺˣԶЩĪĻ, ȥһ
ȵ͵ıԵʱԼҪȥҪ˵Ļ˻ȥ
Ƶ, һ㶼ûܵԿҪը˼Ƶġ
ԸʱýǸͦˣھ;е񾭲ˡҪѿڶǲεġ, Ȼ⻰˵еƲ˼Ƶġ
ȿ, ͳԶˡ
һ·Ͽճè, ԾһĬĬص˿ջºһˣ»һֻ֪è˳ëèԼС°ͣһҵļơ
ǿŻ£ʮ˵ӳ
¿һȥȴе㲻̫ҵļƣȥʾһ, Աһ
ԿһݣתһɲǺͻ²ֻڻֵèʱĪеˣͺ˹һ
˿ջһ¥ǰ, ﻹèèͨ껨èڻ»˯
ԷǳԾ뻪ԶһλϣԼǵ̸µģܸǰྐྵӾߣèۣͬǾͺԾյš
ҺͽӳһһšԾķԼϢǻɽɼģע¥ˣ¥Щ򡣡
˵仰󣬾ͺĵǰļ˽²磬ȻͿ˸ߣèߣèྐྵӵྐྵӡҪ˺ˮԾ;Щֱӡ
ûסһӵǼһ㣡ǰ칫˻ˣ
ȻΪ֮һ
˵껰֮Ϳǰ˲Լ̧ͬͷ
Բ֪Ϊ˲ˣֻĵǾáǳܵŬ𣬲Ȼǳˡ
΢Щ꣬ϾһҲǵˣϸ˵ǸˣǻɽһʽףܵһγʲôûаɣŻʱʲôġ
ǰ˼ûַա
ߵߣè
ұߵྐྵӡ
мһྐྵӣһ߿ߵߣè
ͻȻظˡ
Ȼ¾Ͳ˵ˣԾǸģҵ⡣
ڽ˭֪ʲô
¥ȺɱֵĻҲûʲô¡
תͷһۣƾĹ򣬹һ־ܿЩǴģ˵ĻҲ֡
ɹı¸ȳˣ¾ͻΪȺ¥ɱǳ¥ģ˳ְǷ˻һ顣
ԵЩ飬ԭͦżģ⻰ֽãȻʽ²ɵˣϢ˵ûˣôô죿
Žӣ־˵Ц
ȰԣԲŵӣȰһٸİɣ仰˵Ⱥڻ£Ҳǳģǻɽûʲôϵ
ŽĵĻһξԼڲͬһ磬ϾͬͬУûֿ֪ϢԼĶӣԼĳʱʧˡ
㲻ŵĻʻ°һŹһ߳Żʹ˸ɫ׵ˣŲĻ˵ٻġ
ʶĳŻ￴˹ȥȻͿߣèֶһ£ƺǿһ룬Ȼ˵ᡣ
˵򶨣䵭ִĮһһĵһ
Աѧߣè΢΢һ£˵ԼҶӳ˻еٰ˵ĸоΪ䵭ӡ
˵Ը˿Ҳ֣Ͼ߽ʱ䳤Ժٶİ䵭һЩ֪ԼҶӳˡ
ƽʱһ̧ͷŶԷȻЦķǳᣬʮĸԷ˵ᡣ
Եû뵽ôࡣ
ʶʱҲ̣ǶԷӡ̫Ҳʲôġ
ǺȻָ̬һ£ϾǴвŻе䵭̬ȡ
Ҳҵ˼ҵɶԷӴһ˵Ǿǣզôأ
һԷ鲻ðˣҲûԩȥ
ݵǰ£˿Ҹ´ĺֻһСֹһߵС֪ˡ
Ⱥ˵Ȼ˵ҪȻֵҹֺãҲǿֵҹ˷ˡ
С
ϵƵʱվſ΢΢ЩĽ˵֮ǰǳûôΣķĵطҲˣԼĶѻر𲻿ףǱ׼ˡ
˯¥ϣ˯¥£ǻ¥ϵӡ
˼Щң˯ţߡߵһ¥ͷֻҲһƹ˿ǼӰӡ
䲻һ¥ͿҲ΢Ծһ¡
̫´棬Ҳò˵ԼЩ⣬¥ǸӳǵĵУ¥˯ȥ֣Ȼľһ¥ҹ
ԱŰֻ껨è۾ںҹСһ͵ģ
˵ԼֻȿˮĶѣ˼ĶŻЦЦȻתҪȥˮˡ¿ʱҲһ
ҹĶ۵˯ţټϻǱߵʵЩģ͸ɴˣԸǶʱ䣬ͷǸ˸ߣһӾײˡ
ҹŻ˭ء
ΪỪҲео״ҲЩæװ䵭ӣŬѹ״Уͬʱõ滨˱ͻȻһ
¥Ǳŷװãһ̤¥ݣ߾֪ƫƫûһ¥ԡ
ϾڻУԺֵʹû״Уѹ̶ȵġ
ܱ״ѹľΪİҲ֪ٹ̵߼Ӻζ
µĶܼ⣬òнŲˣӦǻֹ㱨һ£˵Աиͷأô찡
Ժˮ׼¿ͻȥԶԻµӳôˣҪҪഩ㡭
Ļû˵꣬ͺȻ´ϡ
˼ӣµ۾ʮĿ档
ԷΪʲôΪʲôû
ԸʱͺȻ´Ӻס죬ȻӰŲ˼
𾪵ĿŻ£˵ʲôʱ򣬾ͺȻ洫ϸ΢ƺŮ˾
һ
ŷ촦ĵƹⰵһ£ǰһŮŵӰӾĽŲᣬһĻһ



ڽվ, еɵ, ᱻ°ģ붯, ־ˡ
ղźȻһקʱеһ߹
ȷʵе, ԭǾû񾭲ģߵǸŮ߹ȥһ㶼ôˣȫ亹
ǸŮ˳ſջſڵʱȻͣĶʲôʱģΪʲôոʲôûŮ˻
ôʱ򣬾Ů, , ͷ·Ůûʵ, ֻǷ紵ֵϵСʯͷײŵһ
ԺѾֹͣˣԼһǳĿ죬ǸȴóȣסԵֶûκεĲ, Ҳһֱٵ, ȵľŮ˸Ͳһ
һᣬŮƺʶû, Ҳˡ
ʮֵôĴ, һᣬǸŮջԼĵȥˡ
ȵŮ˵Ӱʱ͵ĺһ
ղ˭
ڵ, ԼƺǴһֻֿź;δĸо
ȻʶӦǲһشģΪͬʱϵģԼ飬Էô֪أ
ԷȴʵǾˣոջŮһ֪£¾Ѿ֪˾ɿİ
еͷۣһ˾֪϶ǻֵģ鼱֮ºȻðһԶקԵǽǣס˼ҵְͣסֽš
ôɣ뺰¥ϵĽˣҲܸһû˵ľԻ˵̣ӦöĲӦǲ˵˼
ôģЧȷʵҲǷǳǿŮ˹Ȼget˼Ծľˡ
˼֮󣬻²ŷֻˣˡ
ǽˣڲòȫûб˼µȵ˼֮󣬲ŷ״òư춼ûˡ
ûֵĲ˵ˣǻֱӸܲĴˣ״Ӧֹˣǰ״˵ʱ򣬻¾ôһָо
ʶӦǸղŸ̫ˣֱӰ״иŪˣǸͦԵ飬ΪһֱӴ⻹ͷһδԷ
ºȻ״ͻȻĸоӦҲͦεģ˵״һˣ¿װȫӣȫʶˡ
ֻһƲл꣬ʲôʵ󲿷ʱһĻ¶ܸܳʱʲôһ
ܹܵÿοʱֲȶе㻳Ϊ˲ģΪһ¾ȫҲˡ
Ұɲл֮Ҫ벻˷ԼĻöʵʵģˣòĻ˵¡
еܣԵıӰ״ſɲа
ںڰһתͷͿһ˫۾ؿһ˫۾ֻǰĬĴ
û¡˵Ľ߳ܶܶ࣬Բڸոһ˲жϳ˾
ֱҪܶӴĻ᲻࣬ٿµʱ򣬾ֺܵУָоһĺűԼţܶĴʱġ
ʱһԸΪЩơĴ̫ҺͶԷ˵Щʲô
˰죬ԼƺӦǸԷһллҸղԼﻹ͵͵˼ţЩ˼˵лл㡣
û¡
ԷǺܳĬֻ˵֣ʱ̫ˣոǼºöԷĬԵӻͦ˳ۡ
ϲ˵ͬӳ˵һǸѵõĿ׵ˡ
ﲻͣͼ״гˡ
ʵ״ڵ̸ӦҲǲ̫ˣԻҲһɸֵ߶
״ϲһˣıȰܻҪ¡ϲɶҸ㿴Ǹ˲˳ۣҸܣûš
ôһ·
״еԸ˵Ķôϱһ˸ȻȻһԼڵ״Աˡ
½ı˵·ĳЩ˵һҸǶͨ˵ľĥ
ԼڵǸǶȥ˼ҳͦ˼Ҳϲ״еɣϾ˭ҲԸıһĻڣԸƿġͬԡš
״Ҿ徵۹ǾˣôҲý̵̵ʵڲûԱߴ߷ҲС
·ֿͷ״гˣ״ڴ׶Σڲܲڼҳʽˣòȡѧǰͯʽ塣
ĵ˵˵ϲ˼ҾһϲġõĻǾͻ˼һɡ
ʮ굥ͬ־˵ֲ۵Ļǽһ־졣
룬û취˼Һúôˣǿ˼ҹúúõģǲҲͦ²״̸һη𷨣Ҫ°״лԼˣ˵ˡ
¸״̸ʱҲһԴŻ£ʵֻͦһΪʲôѡţһδ֮ա
ϾԷ˭ǿǡȿȣ԰ɡ
ԶԷ͸ӵһֺĸоµ͸¶һأһص⡣
ҪٲҾԼŰ˰ԼŰˡ·״ƭֻ̾˿Ȼ׼ȥҩ
Ȼ״еӣҪ̸ʲôģĶˣһҲʲôϵҲöⱲʵҲʲôϵˡ
Ͼ֪ǸˣǸֱУⱾŰԵ¾ĺ߼˵ˡ
״еķϻǵúúչһԵģȻ״ڰģܰˡ
Զлͺ䵭˵˾䣬û¡ʮʮóǰ̬ȡ
ݣԵǰԵϴǰˣϱ״Ҫ벻ǵú̸ǰʵʵó󱲵̬
ڡ硱ǰؾصģùɣϱ綯սӽȻͬ
ʵеǰѹ֪ģĪķǳаȫС
ϾڵֻһɽɵСҲûϱһѧ¸ĸָ书ؼҲûϱô߳
֪ôģһ˵Ӣͬ
µĵ״У״оǰȫС
ΣķĽ״оͿԸȫʻϵȺš
ֻǻ£һͷ˿͸¶ֵ޵е״İȫС
͸⿴״ӣ˵㶼ôţˣΪʲôҪøһ
ﺿһ䣬ôҲûðҪϲһ˵Ļ˼ϲķԴ˼Ұ
⻰δ״̸ֻǻ¶ϱ״еıһܽѡ
˭֪˵仰һ˲䣬ﻹĸܵһĶ
ò״лΪôһ¶ͷˡ



״һ¶ͷѾ˺ü, Ȼһε¶ͷ֮, ״оҲûгֹ˾Աһ
⼸Ҳûʲô˼ȥ״е, Ϊô¥Ǳߵ顣
ݻԱڵĸųȥİѾɹӳȫӦѾ¥
۾һһ̽ܵʲô㡣ʵҲûʲôףиһ
ԭѹƵŵϣĿǰûƳɡ¸ɵеˣ֪¥ɱͺˡ
¥ɱڽļﶼ½½ɱˣʹû, Ҳס
˵ĻеʲôôĻǾǺסСɵӡ
һʼΪ˵¥ǱڿЦ, ȵɽǱĴϢ˵¥ûʲôʱ, Žڿһ
һĪӣŹԵĤݡ
ӸԼһ֪, ʲôĳ
ﻪĬĬر
šָŻְ¥Ⱥ˸ɵ
ʱһ֪ãΪ֪汾ʱ˵ĲУȻƤƤĵŻʰо֣һ֪¾ûôˡ
Ȼ־ԼûʲôʸӽԼҲڵɺ˶ѡ
Ϊ͸еĵһ˼ڸɢһȦйȫĹ¡
ΪԲǰǼ¥ɱֱǸѣԻɢĹį}ˡ
µĿ´¥һ, ǻû־ȱŸôģҪֱǾ͸ˡ
⼸콭û¾ƣȻһȻջļ˵ȥϴȥĻ濴һ
͵»뵽ĵһ²ǻôúõд⼸λЩָɢĹ»᲻Ÿôġ
յӵƣ֮ǰѿջŵǼյҲݸ⼸ˡ
ȥֵģỹûʲôӦԴûȥ۶Ǻ棬лһ֪࣬Ǹʲôӣỹװһ֪
ЩԼȽȼ֮ľ˸С˧˫ɣ˵û׼ãʱҪץϹˡ
ҲԼ֣˵Ҳû˵ԼҪȥһİôôƶǳŻȥأĪǴôʱ䣬Ҳ΢˵Ϭ
ͷһС˧˻׼ã˳Ŵ˴״СὭȥҲδزǼ£˸ɧ״еɡ
Уʱһ˫¡˵˺һ״Ӧһ
еģȻ״вôŤʱӦǺܸɾģͨ˵ǿף׵رаȫС
ǰ»ύһ״иøʲôøʲôЩ⣬²̫Ҵ̼״С
Ҳ͵͵òһ£״ȫûзӦӡ
룬˵״ȥɣʲô͸ʲôɡ
ȥ׼ĻǺȫģ֮ǰ¾;˻͸㣬ǲѾɥʧ־ˣڿҲǡ
δĹôΪС¾ɥʧ־һ߲Ķԣһ߰Ѵ֡ذҩ֮Ķϡ
ȵȫ׼Ժ󣬻͵͵ϳһ£ܱƽظ֮һӡ
ӳǰְҵɱֻҪרҵ¾ԼЩ
ǴŰʱһε·ߣǵʱҲˡʵȥʮִֵġ
͵͵ĸ˵һζôһ»أ
ǵĻشǣ㲻ʲôҪ𣿡
ǵļڲܲƭù˼ҵˣ˼벻ɱ飬ȻڻţǾͲȥŮһ顣
¾ýĻĺܿ
ֱһοϴʱǰ˲ٵĽ籮ʱıҲһ仯һԼüëȻȵĵ⻨ŵٶͦ찡
ΪǱԽԽ𡭡Լ˼±ӡ
˵ӦûƳױˢױҵڿҪҪ˳·ҵҲһ¡
ԭʱӦڵģ컹Ź⣬ֵ֮Ͽһˣ֮Щʧ
֮ǰһֱੲݵĸظطΣԣȻطܿ£ֵĵŮľʮֵĺġ
Ȼ䲻ȴֵϿյģЩûɨɾҶ΢Щʧˡ
ͦڽֵϣ˵ȥϴȥǸȹŮ˵Ȼڽֵй
´ӽ˻ֿʼһֱ棬̫С˧ʲô̶ȣЩģԿͺĲɡȻţͷֽ֪ʲôʱѾߵߣƺʲôҪ˵
ǰ·Ǻ͸ߵԣҲԾһҪ˵ʲô
Ի˵м𣿡
һ£˵ôжϳһġ⼸ʬ֮ҲûôŰ
ûȻ˵˵Ҽ
°춼û˵ΪǱԼĻˣתͷԻµ֪ʲô𣿡
ãȻҡҡͷ
¥㲻£ӦҲûʲô˰
ǼȻ㲻֪бҪ˵һ˵ˣټʱ˿
ԼϱȻһ£µߣϵ¶ڵʵʵģһ㶼ˡ
Ϊ˷ֹ˫ɱϳġﶼһ£˵磬ɣҾͻ˸ʵߣ㶼ô
Ҫֱɱˡ
ڿһ˵Ľֵϣ½ɱ()
ûʶЩʲô˵ڵıѾȫˡ֮ǰܿһ飬ˣϴμʱҪǿˡ
ǿˡ˵ģ״ǾԲܸСϺ׻Ϊһ̸
һʲôɱ˺ܶˣҲɱ˼ٻǸЩʲôɥĲ¡֪˵ʲô𣿡
ڻ³ãȻ֮ǰҸоѾ赽ٽ㣬ҲַӾѾǰˣ˵ԭһ󴬵ĴҾ⴬ַӶпܻᷭ
ڱŷʲôء뵽
˵ĹϴǸŮ˵ºͽǻûţ洫ֵӳûˡ
չʾһľյģϻһĻҳ

ḻ

ûˣ˹ȥ, Ĵһ˵ʵ뿪ģôԲôһҳ
˵һ¶ûлˡ
ǻǵϴʱ, ǸŮ˾һֱ, ݸŵյ
һµʱ䣬ǸŮ˾͸ƾʧһ
վſ, Щëëģ͵͵ĳŽ߶˶㡣߼ݺһӣһҡ
˰˳ɴߵҲûļ˵
ûȥģǵ, ܲǰȥһĵط˰ɣ˰ҵʱôɵġ
ǾͲ֪ȥˣϣǵ, ֱӾͻɻˡȥ
˵, Խ˵ԽˡǵϴͽʱֵħҲŮ˿ǸˡȻˡھͺȻƾʧ, ֻһտҲӡ
߰, ҹ, ûʲôõĶ˳, ʾҼǰߡ
, Ǹɿɰġӡױ׼Żء
һΪ״еľϧùŴȻ˵ȽϱСʿͦѵģֻ߸ָƵ߰⡭ֱ˽λ˧żŮװú, ܵ˴Գ
Ȼһ£ʵ൱һҲȡˡ
˼Żֵߣһαһ߼ֱһճһĵĻȷʵǸĿеĲ̫һ
ϴ˳Ǹװ·ߣ;Լ·һȫͬĵ·һֵϣȷʵѾֹܲصĸоˣһְѹֵճֵ
ȵߵǼǰʱ̫Ѿֻʣһˣĵ鿴ǰӣϴһƾͿľʴѾһѴͭ
Ϊϴλľʹ˴С˧ŵˣϴξֱӱ˺ü·ԼС˧ܾܼңԲų²ߡ
ߵʱЩصģ˵Ҫһϲ»Ĵ˵ϲأͺȻһյ
һ¾۾ǱһۣǱһſǿյķӵģûǱȥΪҲסټһƬƵģ䲻һ͸һͲô
ǱͻȻһյƣ²ŷԭԶǼߵ¥ǿס˵ģƽʱǼ¥ͻıһͻȻý̻ԻͻЩ˲Ӧ
ǰ˻ֵǼɱҲͬǱߵļȽϸߵĽʱȥҲᷢǼ޺õӣֻǵʱΪ£ûôԶ
һյĵƷ·ֻһźţӶĵ
ĵĵҪ֮ǰ˾ΪǸѾǼҹˣôٿⶰ¥ʱǾ֪Լǰ뷨ش
Ҳ۾ǱѾӦ΢ĶӵˣǱߺȻ磬⼸˻ε۾
˺ҹһǵȫʱߵһ˿£˶ҹȻҹȴİĹ⡣
ϴʱ򡭡ǱûеưĿɿڴĵ
ԱҲͬĿɿڴϸ˵ܵĳܱȽǵһʱҪһ㣬Ͼʱ򣬻ûúôĵ͡
еѪ˵ȻŴ̫Ķ̼ŷĹϵɣһ²ҪǰӪҵ
ҲͬƽĿǱߣһ۾ѾӦֹߡ
ĵ֮ǰʲôҲûпûеƵıҪһεΪѾˡ
ˡ˭૵˵
ûнͣ¾ǰ򶨣ǸѾȥһۣӦܹ³Ǹ˭Ტϡ档
ĽͻԼûΪӦû˻Ҫơ飬ƽʱ㴿Ϊʡ͡
ȥǱ߿һ˵žͳǱ˹ȥеˣȥģֱ˵һ䣬Сһ˹ߵĵҲϰ
͵Ļͷ˺ǸŽյĴӣȻҲвٵĵƣһһ˹ô죿ҶҧҧҲ͸ȥˡ
ĬĬ˵һΪ˺Ūˣ˵ҲðߵĵҲϡ
Ը棬ԽǱߣԽ̾۾֪ÿˣȻڼ֮ǰֵϻûһˣǾͿԿŮڽֵϣһɣϵ˹ƹһͨɽɵӹϰġ
ɽǸе̵ĴɣԾͿôĻһ·ֱ͸ѽ԰һ
Ȼ񻨴ϾⱾͲɵɽʲôһǣһʡ
ǰǻ¥Ļ˵ʲôʶνˣ֮ͨͨͬͲѻƽײİ嶼̧ˣһߣһ۵Ļư֮
ЩʱûʾֱӼ򵥵ʡοôĶгʡ
ȻڻǶ죬ֵϾȻʢʻϵĶɫôʻǺ飬ЩʻǴġ
Щ۵ʻԵҲʲô۵ɫԶ滻ǮصǮ
ֵи׳඼źܶˣ¥󲿷ֶǶģֵŹľɵ磬ɴƳɵӡ
͸ӣܿ欶˵Ůˣǻվÿ˿ûк˼Ϊ̼յ㹻ΧηʻĽ紺
أḻ硣
Էֵϸ֮ǰûаڿ֮ǰΪֻһŵ˵ѡ
ȫɫɫŮĿϾӡһȺ߽ۣԶֹסĳ㡣
Ŷž˻µ󣬻±Ҫһ㣬ȴ۶Ƕ塣
ΪӸղſʼͲӣһƺ쳾ģ˰ġ
Զֱȳˡ
ȫŮԶˣ͵͵Ŀ˼ۣΧŮÿһһһŮѹûһˣ
һʹǸصӢۣҲ⸻֮аɡ
ȫֲ㣬㣬֬㡣
طӦøװ޺ðɣȩܲܳꡭںĬĬ룬ǼȩҲŲΪʵ̫ˡ
ֵĸ¥һߵģߵһ۾ע⵽ո滹ֱ̫˽ֵ棬ܿһ
¹֮ϣ¥Χߵģȱ¥Ҫ߳һ飬ͷ·Ҫ
ߵһͲ¥һһɴŴ͸ůĹ⣬˵Ӧøĵطһů֪̫ߣ̫ǵһԵ̫¶ĪľЩ塣
ԸոջӦûһˣһ̧ͷͺȻǸΨһһڴ˵ˣɴĴǰţŮˡ
ŮԼϸΪһƣһŮ˵ϥϣƺڶơ
ǰļ˲֪ʱѾȫԼͬͣĿǸңңϵˡ
ҲͣϸĴһ¡
⸻֮У˷·һŪ˵ĹӣΧŮż۹עӺǸˣĩ˵ͷʱ὿һЦ
⾰ֻһ֡
ȻⲢ˶ٴе




վȺ, ԶԶĿ¥ϵˣС˧ȷʵ, ⣬ݡ
ԶǱһɣ޷죬ºȻ˸Ҷ³ˡ
̼ǵĵ꿴ʱռbossǲһ, 밲, Ҿһ˿֡תۼԼϵʱ, ˵ôлôƬط, ҳôһƵˡ
վڴ, ľȻԼ**ossĸо˵һ, һ, ˵ʱ򵽴
ôһȻеɾ͸ô¡
˴״, ˵Ǹϰˡʵôֱ˵̫˵ڣҺ״û˵, ͸źš
ӵôɾĸоֻǸɣǿ¡Ҳʲôɡ
Ϊһ˾, С˧紦һȺŮİΧ֮УֵľͱȻˣ˵һˡ
ȻȻ¶ķп϶ҪȻҪǿ
¹۲һ, СĴˣɵĻرɵӡ
£Ҷûôɵɹ
ͼصò˵ַλֵ޷죬ʵҲǺɧּٴλˣҲûȻҲ˸ñȽԶ
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ôһԱȣﻨԼʱҲδЩᡱļֱǨһ
ﲻȻҲΧûпǡ˵ŮǰһˣôľͶһˡ
ǲֵϵЩһǾǿǻµ۾̽ǡִ̽Ƕģڴ̽ȤˣߡǼߡ
̬ȣֻ˵һ£Ǿǵ˶˵һʲôвȻǱ˿ҪǸӡơһЩⲢһ͸ӵİȫˡ
ΪǸƵˣе˲ŶԼûʲôԵĵġǸ˵۾£˭ʲôˡ
ʹһ־ԵİȸС
¿˿ԶС˧磬ֿ˿ߵĽǣЩģ֮ǰҲûиʲôģҪ뽭ôľ룬ŪǴôԶĵط˵ҪͦĹһ˶
ǻԼǲЩһ˼ҴҪ𡭡˵ô˵Ǽٵġ
ָоžǰϳǰһ̬û׷ǣҲôԲԣỹ״ĬĬcall
״ҲЩ׽ӣʱø״ôһ͸ĻҲͦá
ûԼ˵ҲƽʱĻʲô᲻ʲôģôҲһ档
״йҲ׼ôһųֹҲ϶֪ġ
ʼʱ򣬻»ûס͵͵һ״УС˵Ǹ״СĲʲô︺ġôôҾԿԵģġ
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ǻȺŮǹ۲죬ʱ·ƵĴһ
˭ˡ
ƽʱû˵޶£ϸƷƷĲͬҲ˵Ĳ֮ͬʲô
ҪǷ˵Ļ˵Ҳʱ϶һɡ
ӺԭںžƵ仰º󣬷˾Ʊ΢΢Ĳ˹û˵
ϸ΢ĲýһȷԼ쿴ĹȻʲôþȷʵǺ֮ǰʲôͬˡ
ָоͷβܵΣһָ֮ǰȻͬΣոǻͷԲ֮ǰԻ˵Ļ
ԵǸӵĸӣΪһɵĵӣʵһֳͼ̬ġ̬ɣ棬ڿǰ˵ĵһʱ͸øӣΪܲڰǰҲʲôˡ
ǵоǰ϶Ҫˣֲòһʵֽ׶ǹǿġԺҲеѡ
˵ֵʱûа취һƣһ̯ͼһһкܶ࣬ܲҲûС
ǹ
ţĺͱһ
Ȼ¾ûôĸˣĬĬظװ˸90֡мһ֣֪ûа
Ҫܸоϸ΢ȷʵԼϸ΢Ŀ֮ʵ򣬻ҲΪˣϾȵıϸ壬֤˿ʲôԾ
áĴӿдľѾˣȻˣһ
Ļ˵꣬ߵĹǾͳЦЩ˱ȻʱǲſвٹںžƣҲһ֡
ԱһЦŶ˹һӣıӣʢ峺ľƣϻƮŲ֪Ļꡣ
⡭ҲΪƵġֻһǼƱ˵
ĻԣƣǱ˼ҵĵ̣˵ˣһµǵĶء
Ҳ֪ﵹΪ˺ȾơǸԶԶЦ˵
Ȼһ룬Ȼһ˿⣬ܻЦŵģȴ˾üȻˣΪʲôҪߵ
ɲһ˿ŭȴӲǲˣͷŵһƬ
ԭΧЦŵŮѻȸ־һֻΪһ仰ȫĬûκԤݣȫȫֻһ˵ơ
˶ҳΪ˭һָоڳһҪͷء
ˣź޵а
ط¥˻һȺɱ֣ôӾԸϱ״¥ѵһģһġ
Ǹʱ翪Сᣬ˶øɸһΪ˻¶ʵһ㶼ûеģ˵״ͦɥĲġɥĲĺðҪЧ
״Ļһѻﻹ˵ɵƯ״У
Ҿһʡǿѹվ˳Ȼ˵ѾЦˣڡһȺΣգô𣿡
˵ĴֻصĴ̫ˣһɤӸ
һ룬û뵽Ȼôһ⣬Ϊ⻰ֱʾˣ֮ǰڸ˵СĻģ⼸Ǵһֲ
ôһɤӺȻЩĺ鷳ˣҪ֧ԮǾϴŲȥˣǵ˺ģ˶ĵط
ԣǻл¶辪ˡ
һʱû׸ôԸĽֻԼϱ¥Һ󣬽µ˻ͦġ
״ˡҪǸ˺ϲԵɳΪһСƷħе֯飬Ҳһӹµ˹ЦȻȥ
Ȼ˭ûߴҲ϶ڵһƬվء
ʱݼţû꣬ͺȻ洫һЦЦʮֵö֪ЦЩʲôԸոǲͬġ
ЦҲֹͣһĺУһƬٶȰ
߸Լ񽻴״ʲô˻Ŀ˿ڡ
˵ɣҪˡ
⻰˵ʱǴһ˿Цģµͫ׵
һ˲䣬Լܡͣˡ
򶼳ٿ£ʹͷԱըֻһͷˣˡ
ʱܹ⶯϶һorzģ˳ŸԼҺ顣
ã㣡״˵˵ã㣡״˵ʲô˵ʲô
⣡һûɲס
װ˳˰ֱӰѻȥ˰
ⲻϱӰ¥ȥʷȥ
ʱҲȻһ⻰ĺ塣
ȥⲻҪжٵ˼ɣ
лҪ˵ˣgcˣɶҲ˵ˣ
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һĻڳ˼ǧ, ȻÿĶǲͬģǻһ۾ܶϤǴ״з񣬵˿ȫû
״еĻϱҲʮڲͬ, һ۾ϳ
Լħʿ٣ƫƫӱǾΪĻصЩ, ϾպĵһɶȥİܼӾԲࡣ
ºȻЩԼֵַⷢЩ̫ˣԭΪԶԲһ״иʺϾסĵط, Ͼط¥ģҪСŷ״иĶˡ
һһһһİܼҡ
൱˳, ֻǾһ, ͺܴ˵ж٣
Ƥ˾ͺܳ㣬żΪ˼̫˵˲ͬܡʵĬĬƺһҸվһ
Լһᰤᡣ
ԶĻ粢ôӦҲֻ˵˵, ôˣܲΪһ仰׵ΪԷ˵Ļһġ
ȻԷͷ̫ǻ˵һ仰ˡ
ϵˡʵҲʲôǸô˵
¾Ҳôɵ˵Ļ, Ͼڵ¥ôҲһȻ, ûϱȨ֮ͳ, Ҳܱеġ
¥жô󾿾ŶôĺĻ, ǰֻǱڽŵµģϾϱ¥ƿ֮С
仰һͬʱ, Ĳ²ԷǸʲôݡ
ĳλòˣͲ̫ϣͽܡ˵Щһĳ̶ȣ᷵ϻͯ
ĳħ̸߲ףһ㡭ߵĳ߲ף
˻˵Ļ󣬲ûгЦԷڴţҲûһöԷ˵˵ģġ
һַǳԹ߷ѽΡ
ԿŽģеôˣֿ׻滹ãһľͺΡǽĸоȴһּĸо
ָо˶ԼֱĵΣ˼ǺĽ
ΪʲôԼĲ˵ƶأ
ԾԼ©ʲô˵ʲôһֱڹԲôֱڹĸо
ܷæ֮ǰġСβ͡ʰأ
⻰Ϣ΢ЩԵԴһת˹ȥ
ȵȡ
˶ˣȥԭǰЩ˾¥ɱ
ǻǱǰʰģ
žһ顣
ղţЦ˼˵ֻǿ׻ѣת֮䣬ŷԭ˼ͰǴһǲֹһˡ
ƽ˾Ŀ£һ㶼ûвô·Ҳ˵첢ǡûǡǡǵ˶Ѿˡ
ֵԼһеӸĬĬؿ˿һηԼ͹Ƥ
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ǲҲôûҲһءĬĬôһ仰룬˻ȥ
ȻԷûᣬ
ԱĲһ˿Ծȷʵ¥Ⱥɱִǵùǻ治ǳŽİȫȫԼĻѰ
״һֱڽﲻΪһ㶼أ˭뵽ԭ״ڽɵǵȱ¶˸һỹܰԲѡ
ž;΢еϾܾ״в̫ǻϲֻѵˣҲΪˡ
׾ٵľͱӦԼĵһҪ󣬿ﻹ˵ڶҪ󣬡ɱһˣôӦ𣿡
˭˹
̡
ȻλæɱˣʵԱ߼˵ϣϾɱ˺˱Լȫһ
̲ס˽һۣ˵Ǹ˾ĹţӦòҪһæɱ˰ɡҲ˵ֻװû
ĬĬؼ֣ڽ֮ǰҲû˵֣ȻǴӽĿ˵ģôԾÿ϶ʲôСɫ
űһҪһЩͣ˴Űӵʱ䣬ɻش˵ԡ
ۿ߾һԸӼԼжϣһʲôԼʱ飬Żö˼ʹԥһᣬǾɱǸˡ
ڻӦµڶҪʱ򣬾Ҳ΢һ£ɼ̡˷ͬһ㡣ȻʹҲûͣĵǶͬСɣҲǽ̽뷨Ψһ;ˡ
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ȻҲҪ⣬Ҫǡ״Ҳ֪˭ʶûʾʹӦҪ˰
УĲҪȷһ˭ٿ𣿻˵㿳˴ʶԷ˭û
ºȻʶһص⣬ǾԴ״ԼĴںʹûиʲô¡
˵̸̸׻ǳ桱ߡǸɱǲɱͨͨûй
ľǻੲݵ˵ţȻ״żһֻߵʵĻӦٲЦЦЦУЦҲС
»ĻʱǱߵĽѾʳ˵⡣
˵һ졭ڵʲôΣգܸһЩ˵־Ϳ԰æһ֡
˵Ѿ൱˼ˡ˵º͡ΪҲһĸʻŭˡ
Ȼʳ仰ǰﻹ΢һ׵ģߵ˶Ҫ׺ܶ࣬ϾûԺǵѾҪ
ԾԼ˵ʲôһԼСˡ˵ʲôͺȻ˻˸ƣͷͻȻתһ򣬿һط
ڼ֮ǰС˧ԼϴͷתȥʶˣȻΪʲô
»վأͺȻС˧ԼܸһɴĻǺġţ˵ͻȻҲûöߴһЦЦǸŨŨϷʸС
˵˵һЦŵġ
ǸöֵͳǼ̴㡣
͵͵Цţڶһ˵أϣô
ãȻĿܡ

Χ˲Լͬһ󲽣ԭػĴ⻰˭Ļ¸˳
߻ΧأתͷȴȻ߾ʣһˡ
˰죬조һʱ˵Ŀⶼۼϣ˵⼸ˣ˶ǡ
º֪ķ֣״ܣӦں
ѵһǧһء
ֱĲУһԲϾ壬ʲô͵״УȻЦţˡ
ֱ͸ҳһ˵С
ֻǴа
ĺȻأǲҪôĹֱ
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£⣬Ҳûˡ
»ȥ, ȫܹ״УϾ״оô
, ˵ʲô涼òҴŵģһ˵һ
״˻һῴЩģԸᵶϵ, ҲԱ˿, Լ˲Ҵŵ
׵ģֻϧ׵̫ˡ
ĬĬʱĻ滹ڡšػ˶
ʵʱһµģһǱð״ǳӸڹȥ, ǡֵ̫̫, ŵ״С
״ļֱ޵Ƶģ˰겻¶ͷһ, ò¶ͷһ, ¾ôֱӴʵеˡ
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Щ˵ͻȻôң, Ҳ˵̫װ˵ˣôҲҰ
桱û˵Ц˳ЦžǺȻʲôرĵһ
ЦӲĴ˻Ҫ˵Ļһѻ̥ˡ
㡭ЦһЦ˲֪è
øҵ˼·װʶϹⰡ
¼ʹԸٺãҲе㱻ëˡ
Ĵ״УУУŵ㣬Ҫ¶ˣ
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ЩһŵֵĻ£ȴźڰĹߣһǵĺڶ
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ʵ˵ͦ˵ģΧ¡
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˵룬״оøһܵεĲԲ̫Ը
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˵ô˵¶Ҳ˿޲״нЦһ䣬ϾֻôһΣ˵ˣ¾ûһˡ

ĳ˵״лû˵ȫѹһεļϡ
ĻỹҳڶˣķҲһôһ棬˵ڶεö϶ٵ͡
˶潭Ǹ״еĻ󼸺ҪˣԼĥһ״е⡣
شոǸҪĻ
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˿Խ˶˸ͷ涯ֱӾͶ˻ĵıһ
Σտ϶һЩģǸΣջĲǶ󡭡
Ϊʲôôһ룬Ȼ;˼·ͨ˳
ºȻԼĴһöδйĸо˶ˬ
ˬĳ˲Ȼģףǲ״йѻ̶ϵģΪʲôǵСžűô
룬־ҲǺȷȷԭµķ񡭡ʵ̫״еķˣڷ¶ɳ¡
²Ǳ״У״ӽǮΪԸкǿҵ֪Եزȷ״İ͸͸ģֻѪܼһΡ
Ȼȵ̧ͷ뿪һ˲䣬ȴÿԺǵ񣬽žΪ񿨿һ롣
ºȻԼ֪Լôˡ
ԺǵƤӵ¡
ûΧĹˣҲһһɻ
Ҳ˳ºͻ֮ǰӦʶ飬ȻΪʲôڳĸˣ͵һˣ
¾žè壬ԶԷ紵ݶС
һŵְͨԱһһͲǺ˵ϴйϵʲôͨа
ַȥͷĺ
֮ǰһֱװ˴ʶӣʱӻģҪǱ˷ֹʶͱ𣬱Ͼ֪¿Ǹʵ˰
һʵˣôʵأ
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뵽¾ͶԼ̬ȣ˵ʱֵøÿƣͲѡ족һддˡ
Ҫ˼˵Ȼұ˵һЩС˼˵ҿ϶ϣԽԽá
͸˾Ĺ˾ְԱһһһۣòһëȻĻ˵һ룬ˡ˵ϣ𣿡
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һ˵УƽʱǸͦϵ𣿹ϵʱ岻ϻôʱȻˡ
һᣬϵĻشǣ
ˣ˵ͲܲҴŵģһҪǶͯȡ˵Թ䣬״˵Բܹ䡱ɡ
ԣûдȻ˿ǻѯʻ¶ѣѾȫȫĵǸ״еġ˽¡ˣΪ״ھôġ
شĿһ㣬ֹ״һͺ˵Ķ
ǸһֱŮϥϵˣ˵仰
ĶҲģһûйͷߣȴŮƾ˼ʡ
ȻժһŮͷϵķ˵ķ˿£ȴ˿顣ͽһͷǳصӷУϸϸİһᡣ
˴ôܹ࣬ߵģһѵõˣ˵ϣҲһ˼䱦
Ů˵ķϸ£Уһ京ŵĻ
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һ˻ʱÿϵı鶼ôһ, 㱵Ŀǻ±, ﴧǸ, ˸һĲ֪ʲô
Ȼصջʱ, ĬĬͳһСӣܵСҪ񲼣ϣȻְѺӲֲ, Űӷ˽ȥ
ҪΪʲôԼĶôϣ˵Ҳ֪
ǵ֪Լв, ޷˵ôˡ
ǸӾͱϣǸʥһҪ˵ڻ߰䱦, Ҳ㲻һ֣ʱ˿ȴųһֹĹ⣬ֱӾͻϹ߼˵ۡ
ǰһֻҪһǸ, Ȼһ߬סצӡԱ߿ţ˵, ʲô, ҪŪôˣҲŽš
ⶫԥһᡣ
İѺȻ˻µĻһ׶˵̫򵥴ֱ, ʵԺһ
ǵУʱ˿̵ĶŴˣֱӰӳȥһ
Ǽֵǰ±ǵһ
±ĶŪһüϡ
ͲҰŪ𣿡ʡʵʵǽôŵù
ͻè˭óϸ˵ֻСӵСӳһЩȽҪĶҲǺ¡
ָģ˭ҪԴ¥úϢǻȥ
һˣԺˡȥ֣ƺҪ˵ʲô˻ʲôҲû˵
ֻʣ»һ˻ﴧǸӣԭؾվ˰졣
йӸôڻˡЧǻһ㶼ĵġԻڻĵλƨеǣڳҲɵӣֲ˱ǳǳ㹻ܰ¸ȥ
Խ󣬾ŵһ򵥵ӣҲܴ汾ˡ
ԱǶӵļֵ˵ӣ˵Ӵһ챦ӱģʵֻǻһ仰
°ӷϡǵòǰ¥ŵʱĳµģͦϸмżһЩۣǾ޼÷֦һʵ⻹Ȼγɵӣʱ
˵ҲȷһˣѹԺǶ̬ô
˱̬ȾҪĶࡣ¾ڼһټֲεĶһζԽӳҵĺЩ֪

ڶ컪ǳʱ򣬸ߵӿڣͿӿͣǳĶһҪһЩĳܴĸˣӡ
ǰһ춼ιˣëƤĸҲǺܳĬԵˣǴһЩϸ֮͸¶Ҳӡ
ǿƥֹסĸпһεĴֱر
ңϴǻǴҹܳȥģ˼һֺ£˼죬ϻֱۣƵ֮·
Եůĳӣһ̺õľʱ˶Ҹ֮С
㿴ʲô飿Կǣ˿ǵĵͼȴվڳſһֱûȥ
ˡǲͣĸչʾǸĿŵĺƤʵ˼ҳĺӣѾȫĳϲ֮С
ԿһǸƤðɣȷʵǹŵġĲǻˡ
ĿŻ¾͵˵һǡ֣Ȼͱ濰ǿֲһѶ㹻ȫû
ľͼ򵥵һǡ֡
ԵʱԼǰɵģһһͣǷѵһ㶼ⶫļֵ𣿡
ͼǸ˵̬￴һ˿ЦӣȻûУ֮ǰƵһ㶼ͬ
Ȼ˵̬һֱ˵Ҳܻ˷ֲʵĿģһһȷϵġ˵Ӿͬ仰ʱһ㶼ûпЦġ
ԾԼ벻ˣ벻׵ˣµġô˶ԴԼ˵ģȴƫƫԵİжһˡ
ڻɽɵǼֻԵġ
֮ǰһ»ûôѵ֪ʱɺ˫ѹ£òȥһЩǰӲ£ʶ⣬ҲڽĲп˸ѵ֪
ڴ֮ǰһ˻ô׵ľͰеĶһˣǹʱʱ̿̾ڸ˿֮ϣĺڰ϶ԼҪĶ࣬ıҲҪԼҪࡣ
Ȼʹɺޱȥһˣ˻Ǹֲ졭¥ǰɱ֡
ȥοԼһӣӵ뷨Щ̫ˡ
ֻ룬ԲŻԼһ㡣Ŭıò˵žˡ
˳˵ĳϣһθпǮֻĺƤǻǮͿĵģϾͷôô޵ĺƤֻ
µĳƵشԱ߾ԳŴһۣͿµĳǵҪһءɫģܳȵĸо
ӻôڵĵطȻôһʵĳʵ𾪣кΪרΪĳ׼ġȻҪĲֹһΡ
ԿųԱʻ롭Ǹʲôʱʶģ֮䡭ʲôŻû˵Ļ
ǵĳе˹ٵϣٵרĹһǴʵ˵Ǵȫ
һ͡һȫȫǿǸõطǱ֬ˮʲôĶرôûأ
ǸȥйûеĿۿͷôǻпġĬĬ룬ֻǴֵطˮۣҲôá
ȫǱߵ֬ӵ¶ûпģרžû˵㡣Ǹòƶ֬ˮۺóĲʣ֪Ϊʲô
ע⵽Ĳԭ
˵İǸС˵Ǳ֬ˮۣǸصһ˾õģǸϲЩˣǱߵ֬ˮɫ
֣
ƺʱһ£ȻȻȷʵͬ˼þľ
ȫŻ֬ˮۣΪǸﶼϲĶѽϴҸʲôͷⲻæ𣡡Сһ캰
ȷʵһѷ軰ԸͲ
ǽ죬ԲźȻףԭ޷粻ˣ´⻰ˣҲͬһȫˡʱһЩ軰ҲһЩࡣ
ͬһʱ̣һε¥һ˫ϥأһӡ
˵ɡ
¹ŵĬ
Ǹ˼ЦܵýɡôˣΪʲôֻһ˻ˣ



֮¥ɱִ, Ϊǵ, Ϊרҵ
רҵ¥Ȼڽȫûʣһӻ, ¥Ҳʲô顣
һͱ¥ϼӹܿ, ԭ¥Ӧһʱô, κΰ˺üµءո߶ĵһ, ȻʹӴαѹ
˵ðҲĬ˰, ԴȫͷǳĳĬû˵һ仰, Ǹ˵ʱ, ȴڿ˿ڣҲ֪
㲻֪Ц, İ, ô, 㶼֪
󲻾, ȫĳڶ˺ܾãȫʱûһ˳ǵ, һ糣, ʲôûзһǸ˵
ͷ΢΢Ķһ¡
Ȼûпʲô˳һЩͦ˼ĴԡǸ˿Ա߷ŵһյ, ĵ˵, ƺ˿һʲôɾ֡
仰˵꣬۾͵̧ͷ
˿ŰһμҵķӦ֮ĬĬصͷ, ǸոյǸнֻһִ
Ǹ˼״ЦһϧֻһߵǣԵּ
ٲѾһˣ»ȥʱͿǿŸɻﻹʶеģæš
˸ģ½ŵʱˣȥһӣûߴط
߹ⲻүҹɻ𡣡
ŶӦҪӹɻԴھָקɰ׹ģϧԼûӹ
·ºӣߣӣקסԱߵһİˣһ˻ȥɣ
Լһ𣿡
ºеҩȻ˳ȥУУУȥæɡ

Сʱ֮Ķ˸ɸɾ˳ŰѿƸɻʵҵսߣ»عྐྵӵ״̬
µЧʾˣƽʱҲûڰٲøɻǴûôֱ۵һ»¸ɻЧʡ
ǿҲǼ򵥵һЩٲҲôæµЩеӣΪûжôæء
֮ҩһ˲ץϹ״̬Ȼ°ڶ̶СʱھͰŵ׵ġ
ϾҲû˻ҩģṦ
°£ҩ˲ڿסʱи˳һЩҩĵͻᾪȵķֲַطҩƽġ
һ΢ЩЦЦȻֵһ£̵ҩһӱңָµӡ
һͷһοٲô룬˶棬ϲձĸо
ʵٲΪֹûйһˣҲڻµĹͣһֱֵ̫ˣһֱΪڵĸ߷ֻһ˾ͿæĹء
һûбʱͿ򰵴Ĵ˹±װûκıʵ̫òһ䣬ôˣ
̽ҡôɻƵô죿һ汦ӡ
³Ĭ˼ӵǸܡ
֪ʢı˵ҪǸˣҪгһղҪô죿
ôأڻ±ੲݵ˵ôҲ᲻Ҫİͽܰ
һ٩ɽʱǺвˡ
ںĹгճſ￴һۣϵıôһ˲ͺȻýӲһ㡣
Ȼܿ͸˹ȥʲôûзһ
˿ʱӣ࣬һ޺ˡ˹̨Ȼվڹ̨ʲôȽϺõĴ𣿡
УõĴˣһ⣬ϾͿʼͿԴԴϵĿȥĵطҲҲôõĴˣǸĵĺô򣬻˵𡭡
׼ੲݵĴȥʱĻºȻһקסźۼλãȻЦĶǰǸ˵Եȣܰɣƽʱҩʱ䲻࣬кܶණ
¸˺棬Ȼ˳㱻µ˸ʵ
ʵµĻкܶ©ģ˵ΪٲõһʱԱҩĻᲢ࣬˵Ȼ죬ʵҽҲܿԣǼ̳˵²
Щ©֮Ȼһ۾Ϳõʱȴûж˵˳Żµ˵һȥ¿ǰЦ˵ȷʵͦãҽҲҵøһʵסãҲѰ˿ҽߵĴҲôλҿŴ粢ȱǮˡҪȥõĵطҰƼƼ
ǸЦŵû£ҾͿһˡмŸ˿ģ棬һķǵüһ
¿ˣ˲ûΪ˵Ļһ˿ҡ˼룬⼸ҲĶôһ˲
ջʲôûУָָվһߵ˵Ǹ򡣡
ͻȻеʶתͷȻ͸Ǹײ˸ۡ
ǸЦŸ˸кԭ¾СǧϹģһǰרŰݷ
˵꣬Ҿת뿪˰ٲãȻͣڰȻſڵһ
վûлعȵ뿪һдŵС֣ãȻвϲõ˵˵ǧĹҡʲôʱôˣ
վĴ˼ֻǿ׻򶼻ô˵ưֵ
бſڣȴûЦݣСʣ¸磬ղһΪʲô
Ŷûʲô£ҡˡµҸղſ˻ڼеǸӣ㣬Բһ
֮Ȼ򣬶ŻµлС˵⼸Сţܳȥˣ⼸ߵĽе࣬ܳʲô¡
ø𣿡
áЦˣǸС֮޳޵˯ˣһ֪С
Ӧһˣ¿ıӰϵЦĵ
ȷʵøߣ˵һʲô£Ҳ㲻
ոˡȷʵǸӣǸͷСӡ
̶裬ɱһˣƽʱΪر͵ϻûм˿ȥݼ¥硣
ת˿ĬĬ룬Ǿʲô°ôᱻ˶أ

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, ʹħǱҲǱȽһ, Ϊħ̵ĶҲֺü, ڱȽϸߵģǱ׼Ц滢һࡣ
ϱǰһֱʵĸһСѧƵ, Ļôʵ, һ±ȽϷƷ
˸ɹڻ¿ȽΣ, Ƚϴһɱƽڻ¿ˡ顣
ܽһ£Ǹʵʵֻ̬²ԸӵĻͬ, ǵľɱ˺ȤⱲǾԲԸ˴һģֻͼ˽뷨ͻö񺮡
Ϊйǰ, Ի¶ͻȻͨͦʮֲġʱûиɹɱͨ˵飿˼һ£񡭡ȷѾˣ
Ǹ¶, תͷͰϢ, ϧ˰˰Ҳ©һ棬û취˵ϢǴġֻתͷȥŵ˵ٲø书ˡ
С£»ɾԼȥ˵Ҳעĵ
ʱȴ϶ʲô顭롣
һֱȵڣٲõ˶˯֮, ǰȥ¥ķ
ȥ¥ᳵ·˿ûΪԼǰʱոտӹ˼ҵ˶顣
ϡĴ£˵һ顣¿Źӵ, Ǯġ
֪¹βﴫһ𣿡ǸʮֺƵĻһʰӣһ߲ɫĸš
¹β⣬˵Ϥˣʵ뻷ȫҲ˵ȫ滷ɽ滷ˮ¥ɱֺȻǸطͦġ
û˵ôˣװȤ˵
˵һ֡ǸɱֵǸ֡˵ͦصġ
ǲ̫šֶ֡ģοֶ֮ĳĶôܻôһ˵ֵٰĽȴǲ٣һ⻰˼֪ڰʾȫһװŪˡ
ŶװȤģ¥ڻ𣿡
Ϣǿ϶ĵͲ֪ܲܳˡ
װŪģĬĬط˸ۡͲϢܱǸ̽Ҫ̽ǻ˵ǵ¥׹ۿ¶ˡ
ºȻ¥ҲеԼС·Щ鲻֪Ҳ˵˵ص£ŪһָĪĸо
ô¹һֺܾȵĸо˰ɣһ꣬ʲôʱһ
Ǹ˾ЦЦĬ
˵˵ġµǸ˲ЦĿ˿ڣҦ³ɽˡ
Ҧ־üͷһ壬Ȼֻķ
Ҧ־ǵΪ߳ˡ˵ǽϵĽڶĻôҦ־ɿԵһء
ϾһǽϵģһǽϵģɽһСϢֻ
°ϢļȻֵõһЩ˵ôĵ⣬绪ɽÿܳһ⣬Ȼһֱû˵ƼѾڲסˡ
ֻһֺǸ߳ĺУһ˵ʮͭˣһĹͽʲôġ
¥֪˹ǰϢԼĽȥ˻ɽȻĿ֮׵Ļ˻ɽɵĴӺš
ǰѾԼһˣһȷλĴӾǸˣ϶Ƿʲôġ
һȦûʲô飬üͷ뿪¥а룬ʲô£¥Ҳǲ˵ġϾ¥ϵķһϵĻֵĻйǵϢô͸¶أ
ûһֽĸоͬʱҲһ֮ǰҪһܹȫϢ֯ھһģܹյһЩ֯
֮ǰͨʲôϢأܼ򵥣¥¥˺󣬻ȷʵɥʧ۾Ͷ䡣
ԾܻġȻһģ˵ף¥鱨Ѿһ¢֯ˣȫһһϦƴùġ
Ժⷽ㣬룬Ը¥¡ܸ¥µ飬¶ͦȤġ
¥¿ʱ䣬˵ȥԸ߰ɣȥһ֮ǰȥ緹̯ӣȻɾײһϤˡ
Ϥǻƽˣ˼򵥵һ;Ȳ
ʹһһ쳣۵Ĵӣһľװһ۾˿һؤĵ
ڳԷʱͿƽԼҵ˹ȻԼСӦûͦԵֵģĪĶѾײˡ
ֻһС㣬İʵе㲻ķ
ʹҲʮͷһһǸӸ磬һǺܵ͵ֹӸ硣
λӸ糤˵֣һˮرãһֵܵڰٲõ깤ʡ
һӸС·̯ӾѾһǳˣûпκβͷº͵ӣҺܰЦ
¾˵ҽӦҲرĺãС˧粻ײһҪ࿴ۡ
ߵλؤӡȫͬķˡȽһ㣬Χܶ˴һͳ
ؤӳûͦ׾Ӧھ°
λĸɾ̶ûĪ߹ˢһߣӣĵĶ˵ѾΪؤѩ׸ɾٰǸĻˡ
Ҫ˵λ˹ӺͰ⻹ʲôطȽؤĻǾֻ˵²塣
Ӱ򵽺ȫ¶ŵģ˴ƬƬҲһĺɫɫɫľһǽӡڽʵģɫƤϣۡ
λؤС۾Ǳ׼һۣһƳˮӯӯһһиŹһƳĿ¶Ҫˡ
Ͼͷ·šһַ֣ǿװĻǲһ
ۡƷ
׻˵֮ģ˽֮ԴԽûеӵӰ˰궼Ѽһ˧Ļ۸
£ؤС绹²壬Ϻ˵ģ˵ڹӦòһ²һ͵˳͵ǱߵĻʮֶİ˵С̸յ˶
ƽƺЩܻ˵ǸطǳΣգƫƫҾͲˣҲûʬ
СΪ룬ȻǷǳмġλӸһҲûЦ˵
ƽĻЩ޴ʹĸо˲ӵܻˡһҧȻ۽ƳĻ£΢΢һ¡
ôһĹؤС˧ѾĲ׽˻ƽ̶û¶ľ
תͷҲ˻£µĴһ£۾ͺȻ
ֱӶˡ
˵ͿšͦģϾô˭ţ³ϣҪֵʵ̫ˡ
ĬĬشһ״УҲ˧磬״ڳˣ˧Ĵвһ˧
Ȼ¾ͿؤСǳȻ˹ֱӾĶ棬ʶѾõҶûǮȾˣλֵܣܷһھƺأ
¾ͦ˼˵˿ûᷳ˼־ƣȴֵĸȤ
Լǰľƺ˹ȥ
·ĻƽӺ洫˹ǻ磬ôûûСģ

Ͳ

¿·Ķ, һȫȸ, Ȼ󻹳ԹĻס
֪ͦƽôģȻո·˼ò߹֮ǰӦҲ֪¾ǻƽǸˡ
ôʹֱֵӹأ
ƽǸӸҲò˹, Ӹ·Ա, ƽЩִٲڶ, ؤ͹˿ǽȻͬ, һȻԵͦг
һнĹӸ磬󱳶ͦñֱģһǸؤû࣬ЩҪλϻȥ
ǸӸҲ֪²һص·Ѿƺ, ĩ˾ôİˡ
ǵһȹҾƵˡµȵƺ󣬺Ͼ˵
ҲǵһҰľƺȸɣһֱЦˡһĨ, Ц˵
ƽһ߱, ɵһ
Ϊλƽǹ¾ԼԲ³һ㡣žһκͻƽȥʮͤʱ̵ӡ
ԾܻǸڰٲô򹤵Сѧͽ, ƽһ㶼һ㣬İѻµʲôĴˡ
Ȼô˵ҲûֵֹܾģϾڻƽǰûƤҪܲĳ
ؤＸһ粻漰, ؤȻǸɣڽдеĴڸȴĪĵͣؤΪ˴ϲƵģֽıࡣ
ӡؤһȷʵǳһͦˣûʱڣҲһ˵ӡΪ˱Ƶʻͦߵġ
ĪǾǰС˧磿Ͼ书һģ˵ķ
·ȾƵˣһǸˡǸӸڿˡ
һһĻǰһ
֪ܲ·Ⱦƾ͵ں˵߼ôģž˾ú⹫Ӹ̾Ժܸߣɱ˽˵ġ
·İûӸĻһǸӸ翴ڿòöЦЦ˵֮ǰǾ˵ˣǻɣ
Ҳƽôģջƽ˵ԼӦǸʦ鱨ӡ
ڻƽͦصģ¾ԼûҪƭ·Ϊؤǽ¥鱨ӣҪŻµȥңƷַӾٲá
һθп鱨Ĳã˳Ľʺһؤ¥Ȼʮǫ˵ʲôˣֻǸ߹꽭ˡ
鱨ֶκܶؤ˿дΪ±´ŵڰٲõ
ҲеڵʱڻƽǰװôĪ⣬벻ƽΪʲôܺ˳Ϲϵ
Ϊ˵䲻ģƽƬطԣɵ˽Ͼòˡ
·ǸӸ԰Ļǫ·ƽһĿģΪ㣬죬ôǫɲа
¿ۻƽƽῴӵ£·
ûû֪£Ӳ·ͱ©ˡ
·ǸؤӵִţȻ·ܸƽ֮еʲôè壿
Ͼƽ飬ҲʵǷֲǴΡ
ȷʵǰСһæ֮ͶѡµòʲôҪӣʱŪСھ֡Ȼͷ͡
ûڻĵ֮࣬ЦԷǵĸо
¥ֱתЦŵɲ׼ٽʲôĺܼˣʱ鲻ʱ顣
¥ǿɲȥ·ֵЦ˵¿ģ˵λү̹ʵĶе޻ɽˣȻǸȥ¥飬Բ
Ǹˣ¹ƾһ֮ˣⲻ˧ԹӵȨ𡭡±˵һνġԵνԵʵǺÿ߽ʱһԵˣ˳ɾ˧Ůˡ
Ȼ֪С㾿ô˵ҵģĲʲôˡ˵һ˿εĸоǴ֪ˣؤܲɣ
·ĴԼؿͳһСͲӣԻµû£ϲʶҪǲʶĻҲûãʶ˵
¿û˿׵ľͳһСͲӣǸͲϸϸģͲӱ̵͹Ҳ֪˶೤ʱˡ
˵װɶ̣ҩ裿
ŶԷͳһ΢ֵǮһĶȻͳôһͦϵͲӣûЩʧΪһԣû˻ʲôصĶͲ
ǸӸͻƽҲŻµķ˹·ѽ֮ǰǾͦطˣ⿴ʲôǣǷ˾ţ֮ҵģ˵ŵ϶ʮӡ
Ļû˵꣬¾ͺȻͲˢһ´ܳһںĶ
Ϊٶ̫죬ûʲôǡʮӡ
µʱеΨһ뷨ǡ˧磬㼸ʮˡ
ʮӡ
ʮ
·һ£һֱһĸоôһ㶵˵ĸоԱߵĻƽûסֱӡѽһ˳ӸıҲһӱüָ΢΢ˡ
Ķһܳ²ʶǶһޣֻȷʵ̫ˣ˭û壬ĳһ㶼ġ
ˣƽ֮һվȻɨһȦԱ˺ߣҪˣˣ
ôһԱߵĿ˶һ㶣Ȼԥԥվ⡣ǻƽı̫־壬Ǿ֪ܲʲôǽӶ˳ȥֱϰİ
Ҳеɵۣ˵ʮӰôˣǲץӻÿܣ
⡭Ӹ˵ԥһ£·֪С֮ǰû֪ʲô̼ˣǵøϽһ
üԼ΢΢Щͳһֻɫڼ׳һĶŵϣǰ˵ղܵĶ𣿡
ĻһڣͿǰˢˢתͷÿ˵ı鶼һ
¿ֻСԼﶶøɭһһֻʵļ׳棬ΪԼһֻͷײͷӬ
ï}ûŵǰ˵ı飬һһĿֲղŻ˵ȾƵĶѣȴЩˡ
жɣͿôһֻӣȻһÿһڰų룬Լȷʵþûĳˣڰٲó˵ҩĳ⣬ԲѶҲ
ռȽӲʱǸӸȻ俪˵ˣȻոյɣǴŵİ֮⣬˵˾û¾ûлĻºҲɡ
˵ˣ·ȾƵˣһǸˡ

׷

ų, ļĶ£ղղŵº͡
ȴûôĶļ, ڿϵĳӡ
ӻͦŵ, ô, ˵ϷߵĳӶͦţźǻ¾ûһֻϷ, ˵Ыӵͦŵġ
˵еģһֻ, ϷҲ𣿻ûԼ˵
ְϵǸͲ˹, ѳȥһ̿Ͳӵ棬Ͳ, 䲻һֻúģǿͲӿڵĵطԿһɫ滹ŸɺԺĺۼ
ȥʲô䲻ʱһ, ۴κνǶѪ, ֻ÷ǳ˼, ΪɶһͲﻹҪװѪ
ù֯}˵, һСƤ⼸ʮĳӹȻе, ǿеġ붼û룬ͰͲӶ˶ˡ
·һѽסͲӣǻˣҲûղһֵɱֳһе, Ǹ֪Ļ»֪ʲôˡ
С
ҲЩ飬·ʲô
Ͼ¥һֱСɱһЩҩԡ˵ЩҩԡʵΪӿԵģǻԳСһӰ졣
ڻµļУϳɲ࣬󲿷ֶ¥һںڵɣϾȻǿ϶һ˺ҩԡҲҪӿԵģҲɱֵѪְҵ
ôģԼҲӦûһ±ˣϾǼǵҲ벻𰸡
ôֻûж㣬һͷأ
һĲʶʲôµ
ûǸղ·Ļ˵ʶǲ̸ܼȥȻǲʶȻûбҪȥˡΪö˱ֲһ䣬ҺСʱʶԳӾе⣬õġ
ǿˡС֣ͼ˵ǡ·еͲӣƺĥ¸ոյĻ㵱ûмⶫ
ºܳϿҵҡҡͷ
Ͽʱ򣬱Ǹ˵
ǸӴӸոտʼһ仰ҲûڣʺǿѾ¸º͵Ц
㵹Ŀ·ĵʲôҺȾƵһǺˣ˵ľǶôһ
ĽлӺȾƣѵǺ𣿡ӸǴЦ˵
¾öͦ˼ĬĬؿĻֻص
ʲôֻлƽ
˵Ŀɿڴˡ
Ҫ˵ʲôǺֶǿ˻ȥһ߿ĺܾûƽƺʸǳҪ⣬ǸҪѰ֣ǻƽڹ˼
һҪó˫͵ˡ룬ûˣǻƽ˵ʲôʵЩ档
˵Ǵһϵġ·
ϣµ֪ǲ֪
ҾӦòϾһʬӦǲҪκζˡ·
·ӣһֻӣ˵Ѿûκεˡҵѣ֪ǰϲĶǻ¥ơ֮ҲʲҪʲô
ǸµҲǹġ
޷
ܱǸûаæȻ鷳һСһ̫õĻ⣬ЩΡǻʵĶܹǡ
·ЦŵãǹƻҪﶺϼ죬ʲô飬һȥġ
˶ԱߵĹӸվҪ뿪Ȼͱ̴̨ϰŭˡ
ղǡ໡һɤӺпˣֲϰҪǸ̻һ
Īе飬·ȴ󷽷˹ȥϰ˰Ĺ߻ˡ
ߵʱ򣬻ԶϰЦĻ֦ҲͷϵĲҡһ죬·ʱǸϰﻹ˸ۡ
һײû̾Ϊֹ
·Ⱥ߹λ߶ˣ߹׷û׷أ˭˭
ڽֵǰ·ڷֿ׵ľ룬ȻķŻ˽Ųź˹ȥ˵ĺ棬͵˵Щʲô
Ǹ硭ĲһˡǸӸȸղҪһ㣬֮ԵЩơ
治֪ôôԻˡ
ղŲ˵˼Ǹ𣿡·Щ٩ӸƺЩ·̧ܣ·ǽӻҿǾûģңҵĸоһ㶼
һִͷȻֱĸо²֪ؤǲǶôɣôɵˡҲ
Ҳû뵽ǸӻȻܳƽǽţ˵ǾԲôͻȻܵȥˣ
Ҳ·ͲҲѾѪˣɼȻԸ˵ҲûбҪʡ
˿ɿ𣿡Ӹʡ
Ȼոûɱǣ˵ǿɿġ·Ͼϵģһ
˵һʱȻͣסƺʲôںŵĻ¼ΪԼˣɽһ󣬾ͷֲǡ
ҲΧĽŲ
ǶĿǰ֪֮ͦ˵鷳ⲻˡ
鷳˵·һСͲӵǳȥ˵žèһСӿڡ
Ҳ˽ȥƽͷȥʱԥһᣬΪСȷʵе࣬ĽŲԽԽòһҧ͸˽ȥ
¸ٵ·ڵʱҲò̾һ·ϼ޻طȻûط㣬׷Ҳƿ˳ʱһֱĴҿأط
˵ȥ˵񲻸øƽе㽻飬ʲôͨˣһЩҪ顣
ȷʵҲ̫ĳһ㣬Ըµġ
ո˵֣Ҳ͵͵˹ȥ˵ô£Ҫûʲô̫תͷߣ˵ҲŽȥˡ
·ԼеСͲӣ߬Ľģܺ׷ƺԽԽҲû֡
ѾһСĺͬͦɾģôҲǸؤ˾Ҫɺܶˡ
ǽҪȥģƽЩŵĵ
ǻʱȻиǽɳƵĵ

ȫ

ĹУȻһİ˽Ǹߣһ˵˼·ܸ
·ľͲһ˵˼·תͷͳǱ߹ȥˣ˼˹Ҳͷ˻ȥת۾ʧ
ȵǵһ·ڵʱûӰӣĿ»Ϊ˹ˡԭس˰ΣȻһǽڣ·ֳǱ˹ȥ
ƽе棬ߵսǴĵطһ䣬𣿡·ܵ˵ǰ
㻹ߣƽԼҪˣ˵·ԴƢûкùһλǱĹǺ
·׷ǰǸˣ˵ṦӦúܸߣô׷û׷ϣطȻṦôߵˣʵЩΡǸ˰죬Ȼľôܳӣʣ׷ǵЩ˻ת
ľô˰ƽЩãȻ·Ĵ˿ԱߣҪҵղŴǳǸˣôû
ͷϺһлл
һҲܱ֮񺰵ͦĵġ
㲻һ𣿡·
ڽĻ˵⺢ӿʵеˣصĳ־ˣȻٴֵ߳ȥġ
ڽĬĬҪۣͺȻ·˵ҪǲҾȥˡ

ţôң
ɻ
΢̽һͷʱͺȻ·ӿڴͳǸССͲӣbiuһ°ѸӴ򿪡
»ûӦͿһɫ⳯Լಡһ¾͹ˡ
ͻȻɧĿɿڴֻļһѰסԼĳӣȻͿӺ˸Ÿƨ档
ƨЦǺǵ˳Ϊ۾΢΢Ŵ˵ĻֺǺǵĵץסˣԭ㡣
ѳӴקĻ£
Уǿ޵С
ԭΪԼ߽ѾçˣȻһçġЩεĶ·˵˵ӺܹҲΣ𣿼ȻͲҪҷŰ
·ֺǺǵİѳӴӻµн˹ǳӱŽͲһе˸֮˵һ㶼ܵģܾһˡ
û磬·ֵҾֻ㣬ϾҲûϹʲôˡ
⻰˵꣬ƽ͹ӸҲ˹µͬʱ˶ԵЩȡ
ͷЩۣԭֻ֮ĵߵģ±Щ޿κˡ
·ЩԱһ䣬ŵĵط𣿡
ûء·ֺǺǵЦſ˵֪Ϊʲô
¾ֵ̫ڿˣֵʱȾƵʱһˡ
ǡȥǱߣԥԥ顣
У
⻰˵꣬Ϳ·൱˳ϵվԱߣһξˡ
˵磬ѵвһɶҲû˵͸һʶʮӵ˰ѧǰͯùհ
ǸӸԴִǻºҲһֱЦеĿԻѶѻ¶ëëġ
૵˵Ҿ˵˵
˵Ϳ߰ɡ·˵קŻ¾ͳǰߣ±ôٶȶˣ⣬⣬⡭ǲȥƽҿɱǱ߳ˣǱߵǸӸ磬ӦҲɡ
ȥǼҸؤ׷ɱҲˣôܰ˴Ǽȥ·
ô°˴ҼȥЩ
Щ˿϶˲һëİ·һȻӵ߰ɣǰ·
±·Ȼȵ̬ȸŪûа취ȫⲻΪ·ôȻȻİɴˡ
ûа취˾Ȼľôˣ˲Сʱ֮һСǰ档
ƿӣʰĻɾһҲûУһȻӵµķ˳ſڡ
ʱӦû˻ǡµʱͰѷϣߵʱժ
Ҳû˵طŵĵطűϾϵУְȫݻǺܶģһ㶼ڳʱãſڹŷ壬֪ˡ
ʱûӵİȫ׼һʱ䣬ȲĴˡ
ƽȵĿİ裬С˵ǰֻ˵ֵطѡ
ƽӦ֪һʲôĵطֵֻطҲֻбȽϴŻУԵ°ǴʱжԻµּ֪һ
ȻƽµĪ˵Թ㲻ĵ˵ɵСܽС¥Ӱ»췹ԣ
һֱôĵĿŻ£¹˵úţҪ˰
׼Ŵ£ͷҪ˭ˣǸϽһ£ؤﻹǱʲôطԡ
ȻǸͲĳӻеȤҲ̫̰ģѪĳӣаϵģⶫʵھл
׼뿪ʱȴ·鷳ʱһ£ûгʲô£˭ˣ˭Ҷˣҿ
תͷ·˵ⲻǣ˵Щ⣬մ¥ʹ
¥Ķٸ·˵һʱ·Ҫ¥ûеϢ
¥ŪϢҴŪµ·ҡҡͷͲ֪ˡ
˵תͷȥһˣ¿˧ؤЩ޿κεĸоֻת뿪
˲úǸӸͻƽҲЪϢˣ·һֱ۾ڴСȵϴ˼û͵۾
ȥôֵܵطˣղҶûҳſһµƽ͹Ӹ翴һҲͲϸ·ѣЩǼ˾ǱΪ顱Ҳ̫ȡ
·ĻЩ棬ʣҲ⵽ʲôط
Ц˵֪ǴӸ棬Ҿ͸㡣
á·ҡҡͷңҲˡ
ͶˡطͲСؤʵġһӵǴطͦģʱһǵģ˭ģ
һͦƵеġ·ݵ·ζܽҲͦΣ˵ͦº͵ģû˭
ˣĥһ£ûʲôӡ󰡡ʲô
ͲĳˣһӾס
ԭЦţ仰ɫȻͰˡ
·˰죬ǰ˻εЪϢĻƽ͹ӸҲ˹ôˣŻң˵
˺ܿ𣿡
֪˭
˺ð죬ڻ˹Լֲãֲá
˵Ȼֱ˺󼸲ֱ˶˹

һʬ

·￴˰ġֲá, ôˣζ˵ңȻ͵վ, ˡ
ʲô·һ, ˣǻûء
ǻǲΪáƿһ˵
⻰˵ĺ, ·Ҳ֪ġ
Ȼƽʱ˵ʵ, һ˵ȷʵͦصġ
Ǹ˵, Ȼ㶼˵ڣ·°͵Ҿ, »ʲôǲ˵أ
ˣ֪, ֻ˵֪ԽԽã, Ҳô˵֪Щܱ
ôأƽ֮Щġ
֮ǰܾûǸصˣʵ̶, ȷʵЩħˡ
ΪȻżЩŹ֣ǺͷβҲûʲôֵ̫, һ¿ͦȵˡ
˵ƳǶзӦ·еǸСͲ, 㲻˵ѻѪ棬ӾǷųȥҲ𣿡
һ˵֧֧˵ǸˡӻҲϡ档
˺ڵİ׵ģ·ĥһʡ
ڵġǳ϶ĵ˵ͷ, ôҲǰǺڵġ
ڵġô·üֵĿɿ𣿡
ɿ𡭡˻˿һ۵ĸоˡֻʱҲ֪ʲôʱʲôȻǴֵطˣӦöǡûʲô˼ɣ
⻰˵һ룬Ȼתͷ˻ƽܾе죬Ȼĥһᡣ
˵ڳ·ߵĹﶼûʲôĵģϾ·Ѷ֪˷ߵĹȥȥ̫ˣֻ̫죬ܾӦĽֹ
־ߵ벻ĸоЩץӸεġ
ʲôأ
롣
һ򲻸ߵĹ
ûͦƯ
ϵĴ¡
һ׮׮һʮӡ
ȵ˵ʱ۾͵ĵɴˡ
·ѾתͷȥˣԼĴﲻ֪ôͳһƺ«̵ĺϼʱͺȻоļ¡
ͷȥͲĿϴһֳʹģ׳ģ˸еģеֻı顣
ˡ
ͬʹ˵
·ˣ
ˡ˿ûظһ飬ߵֻûʧˡ
һ˵һߴӴ˳ȥһظ˵ˡ
ȵ߳ȥףﻹü˵ˡʮ𽥱Сʧ
ӦԶˡ
ƽ͹Ӹ綼·۾ɵôġǶ֪·ѣȴ֪ΪʲôȻô˵ڸղŸ˵ǲΣյ¡
ϡǵã˼һͻȻӵġ
ոյʲô
·ĺ«ٵߣһ֪ҪҪºȵĸо
ȻڱָűϰˣոոĸоܾͬԼǱˡ
һ첻Ծ˵ǰԲģĪæŰ飬Ūûͷˣ

´Ӱȫݳ˳ȥšԼڰٲóֵƵʡ
ٲøѾ˾֣ʼΪʲôѧͽڼˣԻȥŶȡҩļ϶ϾôСĵطлĻǺġ
½ӹŵһ񣬴мšΪһСӳȫԼѡҪ񣬻ôһļ
ĵطҲһƬϽ˰ٲø⼸ֵиŷһСϣȫ򡱱صĻһԲȦҲȥ˼
ϴγ֮󣬻ûȥ㱨ȫһ˰ˡΪֹҲ֪˵ʲôŶûȥģϹھ
嵥ٲǸðͣһҲǴܣŹҲ˴ܰԴˡʸСҲûӴһĶȻľЩ͵ĵط
Ȼ죬һѱǩǺɫɫֽ¿һźɫĺɫںڰ֮䣬Ѫİĵط
ԴʵǵһμǸϡĶǻһҲûÿģΪɫʹŰˡ
һ˳ƬϽ°ѶλϽԵһС·̵ĵطӦ֮ǰģһֱ׷ûŽֵģֱ췢һ¡˴ţȻŷ˸׳졣
ŵ˲֪ʲôҺߵʬΪ˱棬ͱõһطˣûгʲô
Դ³֮žʶ·ͬСɣϾϱš
¿ݱ棬˵ûа취ˣȥڵĴǵΪǸֺеѧͽ
ӵʱ򣬻˵šŴ濴ûκε𣬵ȵ½ȥ;һ£տյģʲôûС
ܶණŪˡŵ˵ԾͶȥˡ
˶רҵһǿåһģмΪ䡣
ЩźӾˣͱ뵽˺档ˣͷ˸ңԱ߸ĶԱ¶ġ
ʬԴű֮ͽĴԭ˹̫үǷǳáΣյĵطȫĵط
ʬҲûʲôֻŻЩսޡŻԱŤͷֻл˹ȥһʬЯĶ
Ѷóˡһ˹ؾصİѶ֤ݵĶֻ࣬һţд˵֣лˣҲû졣
ĿǱϵĶȻһӾ˻˰ǽϻׯģ֪ͨׯʬ
һڣԱվŵ˶ˣȻ֮ǰ˵ĺиˣû뵽춼ûҵˣȻôһ۾͸˳
ôģԱͷ˵ĵʦүΡΡĿڡ
ôģʬϵļӣĥصָףԼ΢Ƶָ
ǵһޡ
ϻңó
ʬؿڴһ󶴣ǱӲͳ˵һޡ
Ȼʬ󲿵ʱ򣬻΢΢Ķһ£󲿴ͬһɼǵ˿ڣͬǣϵ˿ں֮ҪѪԲŸŬѹġ

˵ǸӵĿʼ

һʬʮӣڼΧ˶á˹ȻǸСŻ, ʵһǰǸ˻ᶶ, Ŷžϰˡ
ʬ, Ψһòľ˵ûѪ, һ㶼ûУ򲻻֮Ҫôһ, Ϊ˼Ѫ
ŵ˿ӱ޵ȥ˻ׯȹһʱȻһҵԴ, ɫ԰ףǺܺõ, ŵ˽ȥʱȶе㶶ˡ
Ա侲Ŀڽĵһ͹˵ϣȻͿʼƴؿ, ޵Ļ඼ǡү, ūԲ㰡, ûܿס㰡֮ġ
վԱ˿˰Сʱȵڿ, ĬĬشʬ߳ȥ
֡һͷվ˻µԱߣˣǶѰ, ƫƫˣ޵ĸʲôƵġǲʲôԾĵط
תͷһ, ʵǾĵΪʲôΪһ֪
㲻֪𣿡Ǹͷͷ, һֱ֪ġ
ŶңĪĻºȻ޶˹ڴĸо
գգ۾ͳ˵һȥʱ򣬼ǵϰϢɢȥ˵үѾˣҪ⸽ÿһ˶֪Ȼܾáǿܲϣ´ȥ
Ŷ˽⣡Ǹͷ˲һȻӣȻҾ˵϶֪Щʲôɣ㻹ҡı飬󷽷ĳš
Ļ̾˿Ĳ֪浽ʲô£ͷ³ֵЦĪĸоο
εġ
Ż֮󣬻¾Ϳʼɻƿŵһ˲һˡ
һãһáһ˵һＷץҩ˰˵ʲôǶҲ̫˰ɡ
ȻƽʱûãʱŰȴ˾ðģﴩȻһվͦ࿴ֵˣһŴͲҶˡ
æͯˣ˶ϸҶҲ
æȥ氾ҩһ˿ĸоΪŴûпصģڹŴǼͦµ顣
̲סӾմӣ龰Ŵ˶û취ô⡣
ıҲ̫ÿȰѲ˶󣬻С˵컹ȥʮͤһˣҲ̫ġ
㻹ȥʮͤ¾ˡ
ǵ˶ôˣ˻ࡣ
ôأʣˣĲ˾û˰æ˰
ѣˣȱô࣬鴦˵
ǿаѻ˹ȥȻæԼǲ˲Ҳʼ˼е⡣
¿ܱȹ˶Դ黹ҪţΪ̫ḻ뵽һЩܱء֪һ˵Ҳʲôûϱٸùٸæ
ϰٲñƽʱҪһͷŹš°һߺ󣬾ȥһˣպ˽׼ȥĽ
ϵʡ
˵ˣԭϲŴģͻȻ˸Ҫȥһᡣ
ˣ˭ʡ
ׯĴү˵Ǳ˸ɱˣٸˣŽ˰ӡǰҲ˵仰ǼҺҼҲԿá
һԱС²ۣⲻ𡣡
ţ˻»лĥһ˵ԭﰡ
ʲô𣿡ʡ
ʵҲʲôĺûôءȥʱȥȥ㸺ӣʲôʵģҶˡ
С¾ҲͦɵģȥײȥⰸҲƤĶ࣬պÿ԰æʵʲô
һ·ȥ·ģ˵˰ٲý첡˼顣Щǳ˵ȥаһķӣô찡
ˡĵǵõʲô̶ȲŻǸӣûż㼱ʲô
ҪȥʮͤЩżԽҲĵطԽصĺʮͤѾʲôˣȻҪȥ
㼱ΪƣԸ¾ȥ¡
ţһ֬ӵǰ档˱Ƕ͸һûȥܸоһǸůָɾĵط
ŵƮȻüͷһ㲻ǵʮͤҲΪʲôһɾƯĵطӣ
ɾƯĵطãȻ˵Ѿˣ˵ǻעġ
ĹһЦ˵밡ֲȱǮҽݻôˣû飬һ۸ôô죿
˭˵ȱǮ²ûǲʹˡĵ
ⶼҪǮǡһĻµļ£ôһɾĵطٶȾԿ죬ҪĶ࣬ȥȥ
ֱʶҪϻûĥҪôӡ»ͦģ΢еԥ˵ȥ
Ǿ߰ɡ˵꣬ͱקߡ
»·Ƶģһֱڻµǰ°ûҪȥġȵżһϤʱͻȻˣæ
ȥ㵽Ҫȥģ
𣬽ȥҸұ֤ɾ˵ûʲôطȵˣǸӴ𣿡
³׾ˣķʲô飬϶ԤˣɴûҪ
ͷҲ̧ľƿӣȻקŻ˽ȥһţ͸ӵŨˣ˵ǾӪⶫģֶʵҲ̫
˴ҹ֬һ£Ȼ֬ӵ꿪ҵʱҲ桪һʮſʼӪҵһֻϡ㣬һЩĵطῪ賿ҲϢ
ѻק֮ĦȭƣԱСֹܾǰҾ֪óȥôһЧˣԡ
ѹͲæ⣬ֻǵ뿴Ѱɣ
»û˵ͿʼĴķһƤæԼϵĺɰ˳ȥ
Ȼʹһӣͭ壬ɻһӵĺɰҵǸӡ
ֵǧЩĶֱЩ
Ŀ˻һۣȻ˹̨ϣıԾԾԡ
һĮ
ⶫĳȥǸʲôЧѵ𣿼ȻһЧˡ
˲䣬ѻȸü
ԱлڵĿҲͻȻļžˡ
볯߿ʱȴȻһλԱòġ롱˳ȥȻ˼ֵƵ
ȥӣͬûӦвҲվڵſڷ㶡
ȻǾͺȻ֬ˡ
ϵϹ˵ĹӴ͸˹ֱܰԱ߼˯Ҳѡ

֬

ºͽĿһڳ, ȻƱӶİ, ڽ˵, Ǹľ, һ͵Ŀ⿴ǰæȻġ
¾ûǸ, Ǳ߰һ, ûǮȻһְһ, ɱ˰ĿŰᶫˡ
ҲȫŪ, ºͽ, ԱվһλŮŲ, , ȵ, ƿ۵һӦȫ, ԱߵһһžҪĸ()
ۡЩٶ̶ʮ֮ھͱϣһĹ˸ƣڼžöʵ
⡰žž˶ͷ, ֱ˵һֳļν
ʲôùƵģ°˽һ, Ա˿һӵĸ
û뵽ôСһҲп, мµû˵
ʲô£ʡ
洫˵, Щ궼רŸһ׼ģΪ˷ڸضʱҵϢĵطġ
, ûô˷ѣطĴ׬ǮģͲס˱ȽϻƨԾͳӡ
ʱҲõô˷ѣزҲ˵ǲþͲõġ
ºܺԼһ仰ȥɸصĺ˵ӴԺ󻨴ÿ˶֮ģЩ˿϶ֺķʽ
˼ȥҲͱȽֵطˣ⻹һ㡣
ҰĲСǰʱϻ֬۵ӣ⼸ȫ϶õˡٹһӣҪȥĵطˡ
ۻµⲻ˵µ𣿱ų԰˵
һ£Ȼſλӻ׵ƹ
֪ô˵Ͼһйص֬ӵƹδҲ̫һ㣬ʺҲûҪˡߵ÷纮Īˡܰæ𣿡
ƹŻ£º͵Ц˵԰
£

͵תͷ˽˵ȥ˵ԣ
ر𵭶ĵ˵ͷ
¿ӣرܵ˵һ䣬˵ԣôô°
֪ԲŴﰡ
ô֪𾪵ĿŽ
֪飬ô֪
ʦҲöҩİɡȻ˶ô죬ܾǰдһЩˡ
һŴ˽ţһ鰡ĬĬ롣
ʱõ㲻𣿡һָǽϹӣ㶼֪
͵תͷǽϹŵӣȷʵ۵ľȽϺļƷе̶˻µ˼ϿԿָͬһϵе֣мִŨŨҩԾ֪ʲôʱġ
΢е˵ԭ
ԭһʵʵ˦ƹ˵ǰѵ꿪ˣ˵û̫ĹƷ
Ͼһ㣬֬ӣüֱⶼҪãԵ³ĶȻ
һ㣬ţһ˱Ƕҩ㣬˶һ£Ϊһҽ򹤵СͽܣЩζ̫Ϥˡ
ҩģ·źЩ棬Ϊһִ21࣬Ȼ˹ŴǶôʵԺʵҡ
΢΢ЩΪ־֡ɫӸСĸߴϵһȼ߼۵ʱ˵ôʵĸоþöûйˡ
ԣҪݿں죬äУЬϷһݡ
žȻˣ֬˰ѵĶͳţȻͺȻԼľȻһĵ̣ÿֶܾ£ҾȻˡ
˼ϤĺӣԾǸʱڱļģȫĳϡ
ʲôʮװﶬװЩ¸˵Ǿ͸ĵĺϵһɫˣջĺϵһֵֻĺǶü
˻Ǻܶģ˵ңԹҺҲȽ϶࣬ԻϵķǷִ򲻹󣬾ʹϿʼ衣
һнۣ֬˵ðⶫУÿһеʱϻ
ѼҵԺͳһƬҰÿ궼Ҫժȥݲȣֱͯû䡣
˵ȽʵڣȽʺϸͨãȻ֮Ʈŵһǳǳģγһ仨ģмͽм˼һ롭
ΪʲôҪôʵҽӵĶôһͭζΪʲôҪԴöܰͯꣿ
һʹļףһ߸п̫̫ˣֿǾֵͷͣתš
ûһŮֺܾÿֹĶûС
ҲΪʲôرϲЩɡ
ʱȻоһֱڶ̧ͷʱֽǸƹĶڳһĿɵӵı飬ϸе
Զı顪Ǹ֬۾
Ȼ²ź֪תͷһӡ
ͦӺȻģŶСǰһֱŵ˸ӣÿﶼ̡
֪УȻѾһرԵĿ⿴˼ʮۣ֬ԼȴȻ֪ˡ
Īľе㶪ˣʵ治ᣬ̫ϣò˵ȷʵͦġôҲôһӵ˰ûöƵģ
±ΪƹҲ͵͵ñӵһ̧ͷȴȻƹĿͦģ͸ԼСƵġ
ѻ¶Ūһ㡣
Լǻʱĳˣʱƹ񻹸棬ֻƹԴǹģеĲûֻ׬Ǯˣ¾ܿףԾȻͱɵٲôһط
ƹһͨˣȻǲ֪ºͻͬһ˵ġЦŶԻµżкܶأ֮ǰôЩɣϲ𣿡
ǡ±ôһ˵ĪĺؾصİַϣĸʵƵ˵ǰñȽ١ǿȴͦϲġ
ںĬĬбۿһۡ
ϲͺáƹ˵ͷĪ˵ұΪ㲻ϲأϾ㿴Ӳϲֶˡ
¿˿Լһӣͷһǲ˼ЦЦ
˰ϲĶסڻȥһ˵ʱرһˣҲϲһĶںͲͦõģ˵һϲĶһ˶ϲ˷ǵһǵôĲɿϲͬһԵ֡
¾ʲôȥ飬ǰҲΪ˭žе
˲û̫࣬ͻȻЦŶԻºͰ˵Ҹü㿴òð
á²ڵĵڳǰαװĻ׾лɹԱģʽοǸͰĳ
ԭ뿪Ļ¾ôż˵Ķ

ħֿ뿪

ڻµһִԻɫʵĶ
һΪӦȮҹһɫ, ֪ɫǱȽϺľ
, ƽӴҲǡˮϵǹɳɡ
һҲȷʵܶеЧô˵, Ҳǰɾ˵㣬벻ɾŷں˶ˡ
ôοԼ, ȻһѴСĶ˰ٲáƹģȻ֬һ, һЩźܵŵѬ㣬ܾµĺɰһЩصܺõĲ, һĸ㡣
ʵеµϣΪ¾Լ֬۵ֳպ̬ܻ޶ں(), ˭֪ƹȻõЩ
ôණ, ȥҲðɣƹƺ׻ʲôЦǺǵ˵ȥûʲô¡
Щ˼ʵ治֪ƹ֮֬Ķô죬Ҫ˵ٲðɣ϶Ǵȥ, ûػȥմӻóٴȥֲôһ¡
ͦƹȻܿʲôģȻƹһ¸ÿģʵ˻ܰ򲡵ĸϵһ
Ȼȥ֮˵ǿиİɡֺǺǵ룬ȻϸϿ꣬Ȼ򿴼, ƾҪ˵ܳʱˡ
ֺǺǵʱҲеɻղſиѾеرˣƹǰֳرϲ
ȥǰɣ˿ߵٲſڵʱ򣬽Ȼôһ䡣һ£ȻҪȥλҴᡣ
ȥôȥءµΣȥô¡
ǵһĵǵ㶫ȫˣǵ˯ž
£
ͫ׵ΪʲôҲˣﱩ¶ģ
»ȥ֮ȷʵû̫㣬һ޶еʧߡԼС﷭ȥΪʲôᱻô׵ľͿأ
ѵµװʵ˼Ѿˣ

ڶ컪𴲵ʱϴ޴ĺȦ˾ήҵģԱץӣȻ˸˳ȥ
ҵΪںȦǺ±ϳһҽСѧͽйϵ˸ദ˾ܻΪؤԱٲ¥ԱʵġǸǮˣǸǮˡ
¸ʱȻ״ĵһ䣬Ӵ𣿡
ˡµʵ컹ĲⶫڰٲˣѰ˼һĵһ¾Ȼûдӣӳӱ󰡡
ϳɡȷûºر˵
һ·ϰȵĵ˻ׯׯԶһƬİף׻ײׯƺһֱʹϢ˺ܶ࣬³ǰôҲû뵽˶ܿŵӣׯſھվһСˣæǰĿǴׯȥһͱ˳ſæҪǰǽ˹ȥ
бۿģĽ˵ǮǺá
һ湫ӵģӳĵһӼӶҵĻں濴ֵֹģҪǽſھͱˡ
ȻڻǸ΢ˣ˼ڽϵãͻĽ֮󣬽һ仰Ĺлժҵ˶ûС
չʾĻᶼûУһи˹˭Ӿı׼һ¶©ôһ£һʩչضûС
ôôࣿٵĵط͵͵ʽ
Ǹ˼ǰѻͦġڻµĶ˵
⼸أ
Ӿ͵˲ֻׯš
¡Ŷһ˵ׯŵ˾ȻԼܳȥˣˣǿǲҡ˵֪ʲô𣿡
˭֪ЦҸ㽲һׯӲ˵¶̫£ָ˻
³Ĭ룬Ϊʬˣұ˵ҾáӦãܣŵõĲǻ
߳ƤǱߺȻ˸Ϥˣòȥ˼ȥ˵仰ԻµúôţڴӣȥӦûᱻҹ
У֪ˡ¶Žѻ죬˸վţ˫һ壬˭Ҳ
ŴƴŸĲһģǸֻҪ˾ͻԵúзƣƸ߱˱˳Ƚôȥ˼Ǹʲô
ڵȵĹУۼĿǱиƺǹˣûһŶңģ޵İԼȺ֮Уһֱ˶עⲻǻڳͼʹڸеˣôܲע⣿
۾ţͱվڽƣĿǸԽ˼ŮĶ˼˵۾˾а취ÿΪɽׯˣɽׯΪǿˡ
¾ͦţģڽ͵͵ĿҲһȤĪĲһ̬۲ĸоǸȺ֮жǶ¡
ۿǸ˾Ҫ߳ԺˣﾹȻеˣûɶȤ߳˸İˣ˺Եĸйء
ڻµ͵͵ӾȻе죬ļûôһˡ
ۣðҪܳȥˣһ㣬һ㡭
¾վſڵ׼λòӳȥĸǹĸʽĳʱǰǸһһӵ˺ȻתͷŻ߿һۡһۿʶģֱֻܿյĹ⣬Ȼ͡
պúվڽ䣬һ£ͷϴңбǽϣ˫ֻص˸ӡ
Ǹ˶˵˾೤ʱˣΪʲôûУԣⲻص㣬Ϊʲô˶֪
¾öԷĺΣתǽ뿪ˡ뿪رĿţŵǸûпĶֻһգ۵ĹѾûˡ
ո͵͵ȥĲ֪ǿ˶ٱ˵ûмٶȣͫ׶űһ¡
Ǹ˺ǿұ֮ǰùṦҪֻΪʲôֵط
ǸƺûʲôȤԲ뿪ˡԭصսľһᣬŸ˳
ײаˡ£¶һ˫ÿһۣúõһ񣬶ʲôħ֡

Сۣ

´ԭ뿪, ոǸ˵, Ȼľͦġ
Լ˽ЦĥôҲ͵͵Ǳ, ΪǸ˼ôˣͦ, Ĳᱻ𡭡
Ҳ, 뿪ĸһ, ٸߵҲñһ
»˸طվ, Ȼ󾲾ع۲ǰˡԴôһ֮ͷֽʵҲͦģȷʵЩһ
ûǰʱű˸ɨ顣һ˵ﲻͻŵ˰ɣ
ִ˵˼άǣӦǲܵ, ϾִôϻҪµĴֻ˽, ǰŮ֮ġȻһ, ֵطʲô鶼пܷİ
ôһ˵, ˻Ҫˣ¾ûɸղ߹ȥǸĿˣҳӵ˶ôʵʹ, ƽʲô¶ˡ
Ⱥ֮ѰŻûйʱȻǰ˶˳ȥ, ΧһӾͿһƬ
ƺǾۼ˺ܶˣòʲôˣҲ밺ͷȥ, κĿǰصĸЩ̫
Ի¾ͼԭأص߽˽֮ǰﻹĥ˰죬ӦǸʲô
ôˣ
֪˵ͻȻģˡ
ѣ˭ôӣ
ϣû뵽Ȼײ
Ǹ˰ԭﶼ챣ֲסԼ˵ʣһȥˡ
˳ȥȻ˻ϡԿļƺƬհ׵ĵط·˹ƳһƵģڳһѵˣȫѻȸ
¼ʹվ涼ܵѹֵʣˣ˵ȥ⵽˭
һƬȵ߹ʱΧȴԶƿһ˵αأ֪Ų
һΧɢȻ¾Ϳһһµ˷·̤ѩܶˣվм䣬ȴѾȥ˵ߡ
ڿһ̣¾ͺȻΪΧվôˣǶȥǰѻȸľվ￴
ȻҲˣΪᱻһҡ
Ϊˡ·ͻᷢ⡣
վԶԶĵطǸ˶ӵĵһ룬඼ͣһ¡Ųǿ־Ǿţǵʲô
ʲôء
վԭأΧȫˣһ̣ȴֻԼǸ˵
Ǹһ˲Żе˵Ҳ嵭ģ治һ˿̻һĨԶ⡣
ˮǰݼ
˶վڲԶأأ
ˮûһ飬ǻҵȴһ˿ϢǰˣҲǵһοԴһˣʻ㲻̫ʹ޶Ѿ߰ˡ
ʹǴڱʹ֮УǰˣΪǰֵܹطʵ̫ټˣ͸ؿʱؾǸһȻǱʹ飬Ҳȷʵʡ
Ϊ˶֪ˮһͷβĽͣģģҲġ
һֻΪ˽ͽֺ쳾һҲֻΪõģҲΨһѡСɸȥĻǺѡ
Χ˶һεˮĽһնɱ˵ĽڳнҲв٣۽ʲôڽ˵ԶһĨǳĵλ
Ŀˮǰͬʱ﷢һŭ

Сۡ
Сۣʲôʱɵİϴμʱ㻹
ֲովǰһĻĪУǸոոܵϤİ
СɶʱôİӡСۻǵʱϰǸС۰
С۸²ʱ򣬻ʶĿһ֣ȻȻһ㶡
С˫ÿϲ˺಼ܶƺˣָֻЩ΢΢ıΣƺýŻɵġ
Ψһһʲ̫ϵĶϾ˵ƺһ˫覵ֲܳĵ
˲ʱ̣ܶԻ¹۲쵽ĻҲ࣬Сۡˢһ¾ͻιȥˡȻ¾վԭشƹ¡
ԣʱпŴ˶رʵϣȻִ˵һЩװⶼλϡȴܵλ
ֶһƬ²źȻعΧһȦȻͿ߹ҿûԭصңһء
Ϊʲôʡ
ղŹȥûųֱˣûȥ濴أš
ôһ˵²ʶԼû濴һۣ濴һۣȻһرɧ
νɧڻָһֹŪƵᣬʵϻɽӿ԰ָо
ԱվĸŮһϮˮƵİ£ɫ㡣
˵ˮ˱أǷҾӦģͨ˼ҿôһĸ̡
أǷģȷʵġ
ĬĬ˵Ȼ粻̫ԣʵֻɫϵһ£ǰɫɫϵɽɫģ׵ľǻͳˡ
СڻƤһ˶޷ӵС
ⲻ԰ڸǿֶʱ򰡣
ҾӦñǮ˺ֻԽȤҲǸͦ˼ˡ
˵⻰ʱϵıҲǳȤһֱ̬ȻȻȤ
¾ֵĿ
˭ˣ·ڽŸո˵Ļ˵ˮû͵͵ԳȥԷһ档
ȻǴ粽УڸոײǸṦĸһ֮͸Ҷˡ
·Ϲʱ򣬺ȻǸŶҵ˳֮Уһҵ˵ô£˭ˣ
վǸߵƺǽӣһϺˣҲ
ȻʶǱΪʲôˣΪˮˡ
ʲô·Сֹȵһ͵͵̧ͷŶ￴ʱȴؿˮķ
Ŷң·Ҳı飬ȴܾöԷˮȤȻӣһֺܲĸоȻͳͷ




ΪС۵ĵ, ΢صһ, ȵʱʱ΢еˡԭ˵ҪúõһȺ֮вͬˣԴСۺҲ磬һֱ
ղŽ¿һСͬ־ڽϵ¼ԽԽã, ȷʵǸĽֻͣôСۡ
Щûæһ£ЩͲ֪ôˡһˣǾǴҶ˵С۱, أǳء
˵ĳλ˵ĵ, λ̤գ̸ϵĽ
˵ĳҹ, ˴γҪ콣ͱȽģ
Ȼ, һ˵ǻ׹, ܾĪļӸ, ˳ھ˵һ䣬ĪǾסںϹµǰ籾
ͻһ仰, æ, ˵ʲô
˵ĳħ̵ĹӸ, ˴γɽΪ˳ۣ˶ýϾͻһӡ˵ĵȻǼٵˣ˵˵, ôңãȻŽ
ŻȻпϲ
Ҫ˵ʲôΣǱˡ
˰һʼﻹĬĬ롣
ֹһᣬźȻʶԼ˵˵ڹŴ˵е㾪˵Ļ˲亹ð˳Ŵ˺ִĳЩǸٹ̵Ĳһ
װûҲͲᡣ
ǰĹײѾ̧ˣֽɣĬĬĻȺĿǵһβμӹŴִô˵ҲҪصĶ࣬Щ˺棬ŻȻָĸо
Ⱥ֮㿴˿ײһȺˣ뷨Ҷʬֵô˵Ҳײ΢һ㣬ܿסЩˣ˳Ҳܷ߰˰ˡ
ôϸһƣֵ˵ûǸȴһ۾ۡ˵αװ̫ΣʵֻһװΪ˱ûһϳ¡ľͿˡ
ΪʲôأԭҲú棬Ϊ˵ݻװַʵʵ¥ַ¥ͽ̹һ˿αװԭαװһЩĶʹǸϲ
ؼڻĽģһ۾ϵúףòƻ°ַļַǱȽڵġ
˳¥ٲи̹
¶ȽϺ棬Ͼ¥Ǹ±Ƚ϶ĵطں¥˵ĽӴЩƵģ¥ȺҲǻύѵ˰
ʱܿѡ
ôţĬĬĿǸ˸ڹײĵԱߡڷǻǺܽˣҲûʲôĶֻϵı˵ĵȷȷġ
͵֮˶ûʲôĶĬĬ˵һ˷ֵСΧͷβĻ˵ô¡µģǡ᣿
ȵ·ǸֳһᣬȻתͷ뿪ӣȷӦġ
һѣҲҪǰᣬȻݣ˵Ӧòʺϱ¶ڽ֮Ҳټȴˡ
˼˵û֮ǰԵĺܲѶС
ҲŴһᣬȵײı̧ãҿһ֮󣬿Ҳ½ȥԷˣֻǰ
ʣҪҪס£
ס¡ҲСµ㲻Ǵͻȥ𣿡
ԭȥšⲻһ˼𡣡
֪˵˼ӦþСۣһ飬ĬĬСһ£Ȼװʲôûˡ
СۣԸ鱣㡣
˿ûΪԼԱǵ˼ĵľȥ˺ԺһרΪ׼׼úõ˯һĿе࣬Ѿû취һһˣͽסһСסĵط
Դ˾ҲûعѾԶ³˶ԷȥҲûרȥؿշξһϣСǿһ㣬ܹס
û취뿪ĿϢ֮ǰû˵Сۻ飬±ΪѾ뿪ˣĵ˵ڣֻΪ˲ñ˴Ž˼ô˵ģסںԺƫƧһ˵б۵ġ
ʰ֮׼˯£²ãͺȻƺһЩ춯
ȥ˰죬ֻϸ˰죬ŷƺǡԼСĴҹԼᡣ
òƶˣԼһգҹݶԼȥˡ
ɲɣǻӵݶ
ʱǡduangһ̫𺳣¾뵱ûУ̧ͷĶ컨塣
ݶӦ˵ѾɱֱܵĻ¶Уǵ˵ֱһ
Ӻᣬһ֣ľͲ֪ˣΪ˾һһᡱ硱ġ
ɴĬĬķ˸Ȼ˯Ż翴һ㣬ȻȻǽǡ
һ˵һһûʲôˣֳɵģգ
õĵطһྣҪ˵λȲȻȲϻڶõİǣҲ֪ǲζѾˡ
СһҡҡͷʱԶһṦܵ
˵طʲôˮҹĶԼ𣿲߳˿ÿĲ÷
Ȼ;ЩԣһԼˡӦòһܰɣ
ƺĳֽ
ͷƺûʶ﷢ʲôٯٯš
˵ܺҲᣬȻ󲿷ʱһ˵˵ǵһμʱǸϣ
һᣬ˵˵ϲסʲôطԺȥ𣿡
˯𣿡
ڻ𣿡
ֱ仰ʱźȻʶǸĹѾóʱû˵ˡ
ոյĳĬΪǷʲôٶ׵飬ּȻôһûС
һ仰ûһŨŨĹС
Ǹ硱ݶһĶšᡱ˵еġǸĿȫǵˣǻ˵ֱܶ治˵Ա
еĳͦĽüĿֻ̫õĸоžһƬĻǣ˵ķ档
ĿȫǵӦûûؿţǿø߸ߵ÷л겻ϵƮݶǳǳһ㣬һһεĺ졣
ĿᣬȻͳһѵı𽥱ֵ֣˲䣬Ȼһֻ֣סĵ
Ǹ϶ֹͣһ룬źȻһ죬һƬ¡¡ģϸĿŷǸѾ˵Ĵӣŵ׶˹㹻ܰѶ˶ѡ
ȻһһƬɳŵĹ֣Ĵƺûκ˾סһһʱǰסϰٸˡ
Ǹס˵Ŀڣƺһϵȴûᣬǲеİ
̧ͷһ˫ǵ۾סǸˣģͷһɫĶҡ
˳濴һۣſǸһڴˣ˱۵ĴŴȴϤˡ
ǰǸУ
ҲˣȻûзŹݶϵĻ£µʱҲһ㶡
лҪ˵ңһҪ֣ˮϴ֣ͨ磬ʱԷάأ˶ĵطҪȥ˯
ͷŶ=أ=

á

˵һƬž, ҲȫȷģΪ½½ִ˳, ֻǱֵԶԶܽ, ûһһ˳
󲿷˶ǽ̽ͷСĹ۲, Ȼڴ߳ġ
˴󲿷ֱֶȽϺõģҽϵ, ϶һЩ, ûߵҲòԼ
ͿЩ˵Ĳͬ, ˵ʱ˺Ȼ, ָ˶ֵ, ȺȴһҲûС
һ㣬Ҳֻʮ, ʮ֮һˡеӶյ, һƬ
Щ˻һۣȷ˱˴֮Ƿʶ֮󣬾ͲԼͬĳ۵ĵط˹ȥǻվŵǸݶ
û취, ̫, Ҷ˵ĸʲôƵʱֻһ˴󷽷վǡ
ܵļž֤ܷʲô⣬Ȼȴ˿֪ǵ׷ʲô
ղҲﰲݶϵྶѣʲôҲûз֡
ûһֲ²⡪ӦǱŪġ
ΪܹͬʱŪôˣᱻ, ҲֻжˡԼԶĿԺܸߣһоûУȻ˵ǶѾǳˡ
µп±ĳʱ˰죬ȻϳǰʱǸˣֻʵ̫һ㡣
ΪֵĶѾ뿪ˣʱﻹǷǳµģΪȫ͸ˣǲֵ﾿Ǹʲôġ
ڿվǶʱȻһӾ̤ʵʯͷ˵ء
Ӧô˵أԤ𡭡˭֪Źֵʱô̤ʵ
Ϊ֪ǿǿ
ǿ׵һ֡
˵ǰ֪ʲôԲŻҹ𡣻ǽɣ
鷳úõ˯һġǸ˵ȻѾװ˯ˣûд̸˵ͺúõ̸ôҪɱⲻ˷ҵһƬ𡣡
⻰ЩûûΣΧ˻Ѿȫ̵֮󡣵⻰ȴзǳŷöԷ˵Ӧʵ
˻ǻ䱻İôһԷе㵹ù
˵˭
ˣȴûһź˼еңؿŽᷢʲô
°ǸеĵʵͦΪʲôС̸̸̸žͺȻҪɱ˶Էģʵ˾Ȼ̸ȥ
ѣѹĶڵϵǸŮ˵ӦҲ˶ԲŻԲѡ
Ⱥʵͦ滪˵ʱġԼҲǸˣôݶϵλ˵ԼӦû
ΪһȻȻͺһڽͷϰһ
һӾǸϧܻͬ飬ԲȻȻᡣ
ֹķΧУΧķΧеʮֵȴĶ
ǸǸͻȻֵĶкȻߣ˵ͱøӲ¿۾ǵɫͻʶӦǷˡ
ڻλˣرĵ׼ֱӰߡ
ûʱԱ˺һɱ
һƬյϻǺͻģǸ˵ƺ̫Զûа취һӵﵽݶϡȵĻʱѾһǸ˵۾𽥵ıѪɫȻץסɵڵŮ֣͵ĴԼš
Ȼ󡭡һɨȾͰ̵ˡ
ʱǸٶȿ̫ĿˣΧ˶ûʲô
ٶȸģǴǶǡۡһ
ݶ·𶼸һ
ɱŅ̀ȵĶ˳ƾͲȵ˷ֻҶϡ
Щ˵Сֶλǰţ
һ߲ڷϣһ۾ҸոԴͷ˵һʮ꣬˴ˣǺʵģټΣְҵûбֵ֣ǸЩˡ
Ӧøոջ뺰ʲô»ҪһԼΪʲôûͻȻɱǸԭ򣬿ĻؾôסˣΪµķӦʵ̫ˣ֪˵Щʲô
ɱ˿ɲáµͷǸɱ˻·Ū࣬úõӣʣݷͳôû¾ɱأ
һ˵ţһ߻ڷ룬ոһ°ĿɲᣬҪ߲ˣҲֶĻ㡣
ҪȥһߵĵڻµĽ²ͣŤ˵ʵ˿˶֪ɥˣǲˡ
ô˼ҵָſ˵ԲѵĻ
кΧȺڶˣǿŻ²סֻ֣ϸƷƷ¸ղŵĻȻͺȻԼƷˡ
˸оȫʮĶҲȻûһ·һȫͬķչ
ղҪ˵ȥǸ̶һס˿ڡʵʵվһߣʲôûһ۾ȻϵݶǸе
ֻ˶ͣĿŶе
ƺĳ濴һۣȻͿһ˫ɺ˫ۣһű˫۳еĸĿȫǵ
ǸղžһֱԡŵŮˣ֪ʱȻѾˣһ˫ɺɫ۾Ķǰˡ
ڷ۾˫۾Ҫ죬ˣĶӵ
һԵǲѵ˿ģոպпûлԣֻǵû۾ѡ
ΪʲôҪôأѵҪĿԼǸɱ
кȻԼˣղΪǸŮδûһ˿ɰĵطڿ˫۾֮ȻͷԼҲҲһ˿һɰĵطˡ
Ȼȴͷȥʣˣôղһֱ˵
ǸŮĶȴڡ
Ǻܺõ¡˵ܿɲ̫á
Ŀǳˣǳܵжˣ˵Щʲôֲ֪ô˵
ֳž͸ǰǸѾˣԱվŵһ˵Ŀ˵ɫɲ̫áһ
һֺܹĸоڷϵˣǡ
жѾǸŮ˻һһӱץǰ˵ĶˣһͭǮҪʱǸŮˡ
Ȼһ룬ĿǸ۾Ů˵ˣˣٳˡ
ҸҲˣԡˡ
˵϶ģе֣۾ȴһֱϵеĽŵ¿
ˣ
Ů˵ֱܺЩڸոպǸ˵ʱʮģ͸оһѾ趨˵ĳһֻҪǸķΧͻÿǡ
𣿡ƺЩ֣Ǹղ뻥õɱ˶ԷƵġ
ûУ㣬ˡŮ˵Ļüᶨ
һŰݶϵĵ˳ȥڵϷ졣
µ߾ǰѵһƶţˣңžž
ǸŮ֮ǿĶŶЦЦ¶ЦݿǾ֣һƤһ
ˣ
зͭǮ֣ðһ亹Ϊ˳ǸŮ֮ô˵ΪڼɵǸС
Цֺŵġ
˾ͺáķſǸ˵֣Ȼ󱻺۾Ůһ˹ȥ
ѾιȥˣǰǸоЦţЦĵµ˻ëͺһ˫һ
ǱŮ˿ֲһ˲ĺ⣬ҪȿʱҪࡣ
ΪٿֲĶҲվܱģôֵģԽܵġһ鲢ܱ˿һŶµͻֹס롭жôĿأ

֮

Ǹоôƽƽ, ǸŮ˴ǸѾε˵Ҳ
ԭվûأоȻǳķ, ͺȻ˰ӡ
Ǹ߹رĿ˵ּˡ
жôһȻ֪˰ͽһ棬һεĻ¡
ȻĶԻȴΧһĲ룬Ϊʶ, ϵ
˶һе͵ľʹ˳Ȼеļȥ˵, ԭʶ
Щҵĸо, Ϊ֮ǰе, Ȼʶ, Ҳʶ
ѵѾҲ, ֺǺǵĶŶЦЦ, Ȼ, ѵѲҲûϵܲԲԡ
бǳӲĻͷǸֺǺǵ, 뿪ڣȴ֪˵˵һµĺһµģҲѣһֱûж˵ʲô, رơĶ˴к
½, ҲˣԼͬǸĿȫǵŮ˺ԶԶ˶ʶǸе߿
˳Ŷ￿, ΪʵǿƢôŹֵӡڳΨһһʼĵģӦþбˡ
˵⵽ʲô˼һӵ
ҪѱˣҲһ㶼ҿ˵
Ϊж΢İֻһˣĬĬ亹
ģȳǹǸУεָĳǱߡ
ǱߡĬһ£ûǴĻȷʵӣû˵һײһ𣬵ⶫһ˵Ӧùڸߴŵ˼Ҳ
¾Ի·ģҲδزһܻǵԻ·
ϾڹŴ˵ûʨ𹦵£ҪһŪôˣҲͦ׵ġ
лһ˰δزһţֻոһڣ¾;ˡ
˵
½½ģ˶һȺʱ򣬰˵ӦøϽŹֵĵط뿪ģǴһǶǰģʱͬ뿪˵һƬ߶֪ܲܳȥ
вмŷֲԾģȻϽһЩķӹһ١
һƬֻкӣиĿȫǵŮˣĿȫǵŮ˺ϱһˣͲ֪ʲôܲߵĳȥ
Ǳ߹ʱôеһ䡣ǰʬĵطĴ壬µõͷ߹Ҫᡣ
еҾǸոմǱ߻ġǱҲǺһƬһҲûУ֪ȥˡ
Ǳ߾Ȼ𣿴ĪľøӺҪ֪ͨ˵ģ˵ʱӦõƻͨ򼸰ٸٸĵţҲȫȴһƬûһˣ
̫ͻ֪һ㡪ʬɾͣأ˵Щû֣ѡˣ
ȷʵЩĹģϴǼ˳Ű˶ѣȻͦ˵ģʵҪֲָ࣬߳˾ͺãϾҲʲôر𷱻ĵط
һƬڣ¶²ǰ˸ŪȥˣǰѵͶ͵ˡ
ҪǵһյߣԱи
һﵯʲôɽոճǼ˲ʮ΢ĵƹ⣬һյС͵Ʊˡ
˵ƺ΢ˣһƬУ˵ۡ
һ˲ԼͬĳһȽϺڵķ˼Ȼ󾲾ؿǱߣܼž˼롣
ȵΪʲô¶ûеʱ򣬺Ȼһҵķ紵һƿǼеĵ͵Ϩˣĳҽ
ˣ
һӲĿԱмƺҪһֽķΧ󣬺ܿûϢ
ЩҲȫЩ˺£ԸɴͶﲻԸˣû뵽޷ӹһ١
վڻߵԹ˵ֱɱǵһ˿ϣͬʱҲǣҲǲܰȫġ
һӺһƬһε˺ڰͼž
Ŷ˺ܾãԱ߼˶޲ðԼĺסʱֻлһȤӿǸĿȫǵŮˡ
ûղǳ߹ʱ򣬻ӲǰŮҲ˹
ոջ°Ů˸ϹʱǼŵģۿʹץԱߵһץӡӣŮ˵ֱּ͸׹צһ
ڻ¿ʱȴȻǸոյķûйһԻ¶һ}˵΢Цϣˣܣ졣
Ŷǳ˵ĳֶȤζĳճĵ٩صԭ
֮ĶԻԱߵ˸ӵѻȸ˶ؿԶ
û뵽Ů˻ͦȻѧ
Ů˶Ż¼ЦţЦ˵ĽӲ
˼ĿŮ˵ͬʱֿ˿ŵǸϵĺ룬ŮҵһһģȻƤһʵЩѡ
һƬĿռ䣬Ҳһ˵ĵطŵϢĵص㣬ԼͻȻݶϣҪһɱԼķӡ
ЩûЩӸУܾڵĻׯѾһӡֹĸоȷʵЩֻһֹĸо
û¾ùǰ쿴ׯҲûʲôĵطѵ˵ǳʲô𣿹ôͿԴﵽ
˵͸һҹֲͬľ
¸оĪЩˬ˼·Ȼ˼ײһʹˣҲȫһķ
ӣһںҹ֮ŬɢĹâһںڰɱһйеϣʧںҹС
־ץԱǸУ˵߰ɣȥ
ţ䲻קʱ֣˵ղǴģԸȥԸⱻȥ
Ҫȥ𣿡Ǹе֮Ҳ˹ǵһӦģʵ˵ûһԸȥϾǵطôôΣգ֮»ǸԸУΪ͸ѡһЩùɲ־Ͳˡ
˾ԥһ㣬Щ˶ڸŶһЩĶЩʵڲ붯ˣĳطȵ
Ҳûٻͷǣֻһǰߣһᣬ˵ӡ
ͬĻǸŮˣԷûκһԷ߳һء
ʲôͷҲûתʡ
ȥǱߣˡŮ˵æһ䣬ңҸͺãҪǡ
ЦЦĿȻǿбһԶɣͦô˺ͻ˵һҪķ˵
Ҳȥµô˵ҲǺǻúúдһء

ݼ

´ļ˳Ǳ, ļӶǧ
ǾȺ˰ɡ
ȲᱻǿץкѣʣһԼƱŮӣ
һ֮ǰûɱŮӵ긻̣
һͦСϻЩСӣ
ټһԿЩĬԵֵܣý, Сõ
⼸ϵ, ССķ裬ԱյԱգйŹֵйŹ֡
´Ⱥ˺ȻҲеѡ
л»ʶ긻ҲйݵĽ, ǸСǶֵܾûнˡǶԳĬԵֵҲ˻һֵĸо
ǴӸոչ֮, һֱû˵, ȴܿżԷû취½źŵһַʽ
ԴղһƬڵʱûйκξֵ, ǸʱҲûУڻôܹŹֵ뿪һ, ҲӦһˡ
ԤУֵ֪﷢ʲô£ڶʲô
ûж໰ֻװûǸ˽µС
߹΢΢͸һ, ֳԱߵļ˶΢һ, Ȼеͣһ롣
, ˺ҲеŹ֡
лԼһЩݣѵݾûôˣ¿ĵһ;رϤ, ȶ˰죬Ȼһˡ
ڰٲÿһǰ֭ƣ²˵˵ȫһģֹеơ
¶һᣬȻְ˹жϲǲǰȫǿԼֱֵģƾֱ˵ԷδҲЩ̫ˣοԷӦòǻֵطˡ
һ챳һ¨ܵˣôֵܻطأ
һԭҲӦòǻṦӰ
Ϊǵøոյ֮³һ˶ûеƣȫǰںĻׯ͸һȺĻεһ
ºԾǰ棬˳һЦ⣬ǿǸĿȫǵŮ˸Լһ·
ǸŮҲһر˼ˣÿʱǵȵú󣬾ͻ»صһּƽ״̬
Ǵ򲻹Լ¾пҪץˡ¾ϲֶԷߣȴָɲģ
˵Ǹأ״ʵ
ǣģ᷿ǸŮ˽Ͱ͵˵
ģʣ㶼ݶ̸˵һˣô֪ڵ׼ȷλã
ǸŮ˱仰ҭһ£׼ټ˵ʲôʱ򣬻ºȻرº͵Ц
º͵͸ŶҶó˵ץǰߣߣǾȥ
Ů˵ĻһӶ˻ȥͷϷ·Ʈʺš
ĵʱе㻳ĸолһ˿ãôº͸Ҹո˵ȥ᷿Ȼôº
Ů˾Ǹӣ΢ĳٶһ㣬ûֻ˺аš
ǻ¾Լеİ׹צֿʼ
ļ˿Ż³᷿޷˵ߣ˲䶼еˣǲԾͣһᣬǸ긻Щԥ˵ǾȥҾӦΣյĵط
νǸһ󷽷˵ҾǾ˿ͦŸģȥģҾȥġ
ͻС˵лֳţ»Ļ
ԭ˵ʲôǼô˵ֿˣһֱ缦ֵҲǻˡ
ȥֻܳ̾һ׷˹ȥ
Ǹں棬ĵضһֻۣʲôƣȻҲȥ
᷿һ˵ţһ߿Ǽڵûһƻʱ뿪ǰﻹǵƻͨģںֲָ
һ˫۾ںҹ֮һʼƴǸν᷿ڵλá
ŽȥܿǿڴײģΧһ˶ûУҲûǰȥ鿴ײܸоʬѾˡ
ȷʵһ˵ӣȻŮ˵᷿ˣǻƲӦöǸط
Ů˳᷿ĵطߣԽӽ᷿ǸŮ˾Խƽ֪λòĥʲô£ǲôں
ȿ쵽᷿Ǳߵʱǲ˵һˣڻº˲䶼ŽӲֻлǸŮ˴󷽷˹ȥǸ˸档
Ǹ˵һ˲䣬˲ָпһ
Ŷ
˳Ҳͦġ
ʱûһʺĹƬĵطϾǵطСһСٻƵģ쿴ǰ˺ԱŮ˺ŷֲֿƬֳӡ
ֲֿձȻǿ˺
ǰݵļûж⣬ֻ۾ģԶ˿Ǹȣֹסӵĳ嶯˳״סǸŮϵ˹ȥ
ǸŮһʼҶڻסʱ򣬾һƽ
ǻδڣͿԱˣƺǸһ⳯߹ģȵ֮߾Ȼôʱһ¡
磬ˣ˺ö࡭ںǸ΢СһС˵Ļ˵꣬ͱǸ߸ӵ˺ݺݵһ£ʹ
ﰡҹ˼ҺӣŰͯ𣿻¸˵ͺȻǸܵһ˫Ѫ۾һ˿¶
翴ҲֳĶǽţһ˫ɫ۾ܺÿ˸ŵǿա
ˡ΢Щġ
һԼܴܵҹôһڵĵط롣
ǸرµӣקŵֶֹܵܵסĶվЩûпһˣǰѻҲΣԵˣûпǣֻǶŶ˵ǰݼӡ
ţӣ𣿻ںһ㶣ݼʡһ˵ϣ
ļ˺ȻëȻ
ݷһˣʵҲûдϾǻӵ
ֻЩΪʲôڴҹݼ
֮ǰҲû˵Ҫϰݼôһϰװ
ǸȶһһӵҲûжô֣Ǿӣˡӡֺֻ˲ǽȥˡ
Ǹ翴Ȳӵİһ֡ƺ˺üκģǸ¶ķӵܵ˽ȥ¿ǸıӰʧ˺ڰ֮С
αأ³ʲôȤĶ𣿻롣
ԼһȺˣԼԱһֱͼߵŮˣȥ󷽷ǰѧŸո뿪ֵܶ˵ݷûӵģ鷳ǹȥ
ڻߵŮͣ˼룬ȻԻ¶һëȻЦ⡣
˲ӣǹȥˡ

ϸ

һֵһֱڻǰ棬˿һͷһۺ档ں濴, ;ɪɪС, ȫΪʲô
ʹǷ˵ĵܵ, ҲûκεвԡǾСײ֩Сһֻ˾Щ
ȫӦôһµĿһۡ
һϵûеСһôĴأ
᷿ߵȺܵһз·Ȼֱһʱҵ۾ҲѾӦܵĺڰ˻ˣûҲܿܵ
ʱ򣬴Ҳܹ۲쵽ܵľ󾿾һʲôˡ
˵Ҳ, Ͼߵ, һյƶûأ˵ȴ֡ס
»̫Щİ裬ǶģǸ긻̱ʮϾ˵⡭ط, ھٰ񡣡
, һȽϴԺǾͿźʹȫɵ, ±Ĳ, 㻹һģòƹ˾֮Ͳټգ, ˣźʹҪãΪ֣ʹ˽
Χϰڷ̨͹Ʒ̨ʽüһܹƮİӣӰӰ´µģʹûз磬ʱҲܸоĪڶš
յصϰףЩطȻź̺һЩطϿҲǺɫġ
̨ضУİѵøɽһûһġ
֮Уְ˵Ĳ
־ǰҲֻڹƬھһԿ˸ȫ긻һֱںӦðȻѾˣΪʲôǰеģ
ϵ˽ҲſھվһȣһͿԿüϡϡļˣׯԺ㹻󣬼ʹǸ᷿ǰʱãҲǰ¼ǰǸ¶տһһȦ߸ӣȵط˾͸ӵĶ
·һ˲䣬ﾹȻø
ֳ֣ǰǸ֮ǰȺ˻߹˼һˣȣȻת˸䣬ܺȻΧļԼ˵һƬĺг֮⡣
ֶԱȰѸոչһȺ˶ˡ
һ˺ǰֵԼͬͣվԭ˰졣
ǰ滹ѾСվţˣ߹ȥдˡһĻľûʲôͬ
ֻһζˡ
⸱˵ĲˣҲ˵ҴҿһۣΧȻںڰ֮пĲ̫Լаˡ
£ڻ˷·𶼱΢һ㡣Уո𣿡
Щɵۣûߣô˶Ǵðģ
Щ˴ϵĶڻǸС˵СܵܿҲͦõӣǸһˣЦͦõС棬Ҳ֪Щʲô
ȺԭﰡЦ˵֪ͺˣôˣ϶֪ڸʲôء
˵ׯԼϰ߾Ͼ񣿡긻վһ૵˵
˵⻰ʱŵģΪϣߵһжֻ
ǹȥһʣվһԣĿڵ
Ȼ⻰һڣ˲ղ˵˶֨ˡ
Ц١ĵطҲҹȥ
վʱ̫ˣСľͶס˺˽·˵һ¡תͷȥָһι״ļһ˸
üë͵͵Ĵһ˵ĳģģ̧ͷǰŵһ룬ֿǱߵֵˣͷСֹһ䣬ôСƨôࣿ
Ҳֹֻôһ䣬ǰùȥ֮󣬾͵ͷü˹ȥûһۡ
һѾߣǳˮĹͷ̾һ߶ü
ҹ̾̾ôں汧ż಻
ǰǸѾ߳ԶˣȴȻڻ˵仰عͷһۣһûߵ˶亹
Ѿ˵ˣҲδ̫ԶһЩԷôأ
ǴüֱЦƵģΧ˲Ҳҷһ˿裬ΪոչȥĴǣطЩЦˣ书һˡ
ֱǸֱױųŵĿ̾˿ͷת˻ȥ֮󣬸ڻȺ˲˿
ղŵüֱҪͣˡ
ȥһղǸô£ôôԶüԱߵǸиڶԷ㹻ԶСĽ˵ѹررСֱһ
˭֪ղŲλͻȻ˵ŰǸ˸𡣡Ļ۶УЩСֹһ䡣
еĿ˶У¶ѵĻΪֻԼ֪λд֮ǰʶǸȫȫ׵ˣȴֶһֱڿŸղȥķ
ǴͷǸˣҲûԼȺ˸ûԼ첽˹ȥ׷ǰǸɥ
һ˲¶ԱҲûпֻǿǰ̤˼ѣ˾ͺȻƮȥˣ˲ͳǸüߡ
ղŵǸüƺǲһתͷһۣȻ͵һ
Ʋü㶼ŷˣոջߵ˿תͷʱй֮
ڿǴҵʱеĻǡȥʲôʱģ
ر𵭶߹ȥԱߣеľһ߹ȥ˵ĸλ̨ǵһкܶ¶̫ܸܲǽһ
üĿɿڴ˰죬ȻȻͰ͵˵㣬ȻȥҸѾ߻С˴ǽȥȻǽȥġ
Ŷر𵭶ӦһȻָһĻص˻ԭصǵȺߣǿҸСˣȻܽȥ
ԭصЩ˸ղôƮȥҲûôƮҲûգۼʱ䣬˼ҾѾһأȻ󵭶վԱߣǽи˽ȥ
ߵ˾ҲųĬ˺ü룬ԭΪȫ׵ҲߵҴˣʱǲźȻ֣Ҹι״Ҳûʲôһģ˼뻹ǿһء
¸ղֱ׷ǸüˣҲԼɣزģҸҲá
Īľͦϲģ˵ĸЦС
ò绨Ѿ˵Ըڵһۼ͵͵ǣﲻЩˡĵطĿ˵



ӽŵ, Χûе, һп, ºȺڵݷߵĵط
ŵĶǺɫ̺, Ѻɫ̺ƿ, ǰɫ̺ӡ
ڿ֮ǰһ̺˼һ, Ҫ԰Ѻ̺ƿ¶ɫ̺˼ҵ𾴡
Ǹͦϰ, ʱ}ûš
۾ĿȫǵŮ, ǵбŮǷֿ, Ȼʱ˿ȴû˹¡
ǸŮ˱ƱʹֵͷǱ˵һ屶, Χûһƫͷ, ǸرСƵġ
ٿΧ⡰ڡĳ, ǸŮ˸ֵҲֹһ
ǸüԱţԴ¸ո׷֮, һֱڻµԱߣòƲҶ, ¿Ǳ߰һ޴Ĳ, Լĳһײĵӡ
ʬĪǸᵽ𣿻ԭҲ뿴, ǡŹײĵǸطҲźü첼ӣȥҲֻš
üڻµԱߣһ˵, رСʻ£֪ʲô
ҡʲôֵϰΪʲôҹᰡ´üһѿǶŵˣҲ̫ò˰ɣ
ʲô֪𣿡üЩȵĿ˻һۣʶ˻ô˵ģ˲͸
˻һҲֻ̫ǽҪһЩѣ֪ЩµĻȥ˰ɡ
¿۾֪϶֪Щʲô
Ҫʲôʡ
ҩüֻĳôһ֡
Ա߳ɨһȦһ΢һĽĿǰߵ˺Ͱü⣬ֻʣǶһʮֶķޡ
Ů˴Ŵ翴ǱȽݵһ֣ŮƺЩ˻ʱʱСο
¾͸һŶʵﰡҿе㲻ϰ˳ȥߣ
תͷһۣȻ˵ˣǾһɡ
Ҳҩģһ䡣
ᵽˡҩƺ΢΢Ķһ£ûڣԱߵǸƵŮ˷ȿ˿ڣǸҩҲˣܾ֮ܵĻš
תͷСĸŮ˵ôأǸҩǳ˱ȽϺá
̸νҩʱ򣬻¾ﰲĿš
ǸŮһ˫ʺָףָڽ׵ϣΧİ׵Ĳһ
Ů˵Ĵ˵ǰĵط
ŮˡܸоõĲǳҩԽĲĬĬ롣
ȻԱüҲûʲôȻͶŮ˶ΪǸҩǻƲ⣬ˣӦöΪǸҩġ
һҹҪֵطȡҩִԱߵİüʣǰҲֵطȡҩ𣿡
û˼ȡһҩ͵òμһɱеߣŴ˿ڱϾҲࡣ
üüͷĸ´ˣ̾˿С˵ǰûйϡŹֵĵطҲͦ࣬ʱһ˵ľ¥ʱڽ⣬ʱɽÿζϣҲơ
ԺʣôˡΪʲôأ
Ϊûа취ü̾ҩֻС
ʲôҩʲôŴľҽ𣿲ΪҩҪܹôвܷܲһذ
ǳһ£Ͱ⳰ѿڶˡ
Ҫ˵˵ʲô߽ᣬ˵а̴ᡣ
ʱƳ٣ԽԽ࣬һᣬһˡϴһ΢ƾɵ·Ҳ֪Ƕûϴˣֵط룬˼ûȥѾǷǳӵĳ̶ȡ
ϻһͬƾɵֻ֣Ʋ֣ΧɨһȦȻ˶ԶԶģ졣
µǲ⣬Ǹһ£һֱĶŶԷֱԷ̲סתͷҲۻ¡
֮ǰ𣿡
˵䣬滹һ˵ɳƣһĥɰҸǸĿȫǵŮһģһֱһµġ
¶˼Ұ죬ĳһ䣬Ҿˡҿͦ˳۵ģ֮ͦǰһѡ
Ǹ˼ؿŻ£Ҳ˿ĬĬԱߵİüԴ亹ˡŹֵļһ򲻹ǱǸ˿ǡ
һᣬǸƿԼǿֻƲ¿ȻôƵ˵˾䣬ǡ
ƿֵʱ򣬻е㾪ȡ
˶˿ǸĿȫǵ˵Ŀˣ˭֪촽ɫ̫԰ףǷɫ⣬Ĳֶ˵ӡ
üëŨزʣ۾ͬʮֵ˵ʱ򣬾һֻɳĮϵӥ
½ҿ˼ƲȻְִȥˡ
ֵͦģط˭Сĵķˣ˿µİԼժ¿ˣֻΪ֤ǻµǸѡ
һᣬºȻ˵㣬Ҳģ𣿡
תͷǸһۣȻͦ˼ģȻ֣ͦˣĳЩ滹ͦС׵ģ⻰ʵļֱ׶԰Сѻĳһ
ûüش𣬾Ǹ˵ͷѣһҪס򣬾ͻҵһﶪˡ
ﶪˣ˲䲶׽ص㡣
˲תһֱʹĸоҲǣôģ
㿴ΧЩˣǣǼˣһġдһ˵˵ǰҲǣһʮҾ
ѡ
õãȻĿһȦܵŵʱһֱףΪʲôҪֵطֶԼ֮ҾͺȻˡ
ƺǰѻµһ˵ˣԴʱ˿̶̬ȾͱЩͬ
⣬ģʡ
Ǹ˵ͷҾãҿܣҪˡ
˵֮󣬾Ͱĥ˼
ɡ⻰
˺Ȼ˵һ仰ʱ򣬺Ȼ洫ˡˡһϸһΧ˼Ѿÿ˶ںڰ֮У˴˿Էÿһ
ŵģǰͻ²ˣºȻΪʲôҪвôһҪˣڰȻõʹ֮Ҳֱ治ĸǰˡ
Ȼһ˵սľĿ޺ȫŮ˵ЩŮ˵ִ
Աߵ˺Ͱüͬʱɫһףڻ¶ķɫҲһ£üС˵ˡ
Ȼ߹һȺŮ죬ǰǸŮͷϴТñһأһ߿һ˹
ŮһһŮ죬һѩ׵·
ʮŮ˵㹻һȯ}˵Ŀ޺һֱص
Ķˣڶ߶һְ
ӰӰ´µĳٶȴһֱ졣Щʹ޵ʱסԼģԻûǳʲôģֻܿ׵˵ģͿһ۵
ɫĲɫĲŷ粻ͣҡš
Χŵɫ̣ҲԽԽס
ȻԱߵİüɿС˵һῴŵôģһҪ򡭡ѱˡ
лҪ˵д¡ǲǻе˼(°
ͷŶ=أ=



ǵ۾ȺɥŮƶ, Ǵſһ, һ˽, ֡ˡһϣеһʧˡ
һֱôڻãղֿһ¹⣬ʱڰкܶ˲ϰߡ¿кܶ˶ĵ۾㲻ܹЩŮʲô
һǸŹײĵĴӺ棬Ȼ뻮һĹǸطŮǹߵĵط, ǿ޺һֱûЪš
ĳһ, еȻһʧˣͻȻһ
ЩڵϵŮǺȻŤͷÿһ, ÿһ˶Ų԰׵ڵ, һĿǡ
˶ؿЩֵһŮǣû˵ƺ˶֪Ҫʲô
ڻµԺϤĳ, ⸱ֲͦģǻ뵽ܶϤĻ, ˵˵¥
ּӸû˲һ㻳ɡ
Ǹû, ҾȻһȺһ
Ի·ʵ氡ĪǴһȺ᣿ǿǼŮˣֲǻҵˡ
Ϊ׵ǸŮ˳ÿһ˵϶һ, סûסġܿ¡ˣеҪܶడ
˵ĹƾǻһˣһЩɢɢӹˡ
Ļ뿪˾ͻˡǸŮ˵˵ţͺȻס˻µĶ˵ΪʲôҪŶأ
ȫ˵ĿⶼԾĳŻ߿˹
˵ڳԱߵһģûһôʵġ
¿Ϊҳ̫ˣŵǡ
˵ĻΧ˶Ծ̧ͷȥ΢
֪Ϊʲôôһ̾Լո˵Ļǵˡ
ιΪʲôôǶ
ǡŮ֮Цһۻ£ƺڳЦǿɼöˡ
ĬĬתͷĿȫǵŮˣ˵ȷʵ
ŮҲûٹܻ£תͷ˵үͻȻȥˣλϢʱҲһɡ
ΪүȥıȽͻȻǵġҩѾˣҪġҩġһ㡣ǸŮ˳Χһۡ
Χ˵ɫһ䣬Ǹɫ԰׵Ů۾Ȼɴˣʺָ׼ҪüüͷҲĸˡ
ȫΨһûȫɫģҲֻиŻµЩˡȻҵҲһɣǶԻģŮͻȻҩʲô˼
Щ˵ԴеҩҲͽ֦ҶӣЫһģǶڻԶ˵һ˸ܿŵĲ롭
ôΪ˲ԼҩóһЩԼŵĶɡŮ˵ϲĶʲôسҲ֪벻ҪһЩ̫ͨĶ
óĶͨļˡܾҪǵҩˡ
Ļ˵꣬ڻǸرԪûסһǵԱߺܶ˵߶Ͷ˹
ŵһӶ㵽˻µĶԼǿĶպð˸ʵʵ
ŮûпֱֱĿһղžվˡ
ǸˣͷѾ׵֣ϴźص·ͻԱһˣǸһֱʹͷñȥӦǸ
˺ȲӣҺܶˡòԱߵһƺװʲô
¶ǸõĶʲôͦģʵ˰ҲûǵǸʲô˵ԲԲ˵ⲻһ
Ǻԣ˶һǸߵİе棬ԱߺȻһ˵ȿ
ѭ˹ȥ廰һˣһⱦԱһڸոͻȻ˵󣬱ԵʮֲÿŮˡ
Ůİ͹£欵ĸоӦֺ޵Ůˣʱ˿̣ȴԵþֵû뵽ߵǸ˻ڴʱ˿̿˵һ
ǸһŮ˿ߣŵøϽͷ
Ů˰ͷ˷ǵû̫ǣŮ˵
رֵŮҲ֪ǸʲôǸ˺ʮӡ˵Щ챦ѡô˵ɣϿ»ҲһֵǮĶ
˵ţʹԼһϡ
΢Ĺ⣬¿˲͸пһǿŵִܻǲġǼȻǹŴǾ˵һʵˡ
͸ģһ
ֲҵһ˵ΪȷҲ鶫Ҳ϶ΧóʲôȲó
ܰһӻƽ»ûóǿֵǮĶˡ
¿ǿ롣
˳ܿһۣȻƺܵһͷ°ָָϵ㿴аɣ
ǸŮ˿壬񼸺ûʲô˻˵˾䣬ϧүû֮ǰ˵ܻһ𡭡
仰Ȼͱɫ⻰ʲô˼
ŮҲûж˵ʲôֻĲͷǸ˻˵ʲôȻһ͵ȥֱֱϡ
ΧһƬѻȸ
ߵŮ˺Ȼ͵վǺ±Ǩŭһ
С壬ȻǸһŮ˽Ͱ͵˵ңҴĶԱߵˡҲ֪ͻȻ
ǸŮֱĶŲȥһκˣҴĶ
κ¶һӡûУԱߵİüȴһϸһΧƺС
ǼҰĶ𣿡ǸŮ˵
ֵܣǸʲôˣСĴߵİüüԴ͵ð˺ǱھȻҴŵˡ
ȴǸƽʶˣ϶ǸСɫôܻẦ£һᣬüǿĶС˵˼֣ɱܶˡ
һŮ˿Ǹһ־Ů˰죬ȻŲ԰׵¶˱ŤЦݣЦ˵Ҫ£ȻˣǾͲôģǶ˵˼仰ϻһͷˡ
Աߵ˰Ǹȥע⵽Ǹ˻ǸģߵʱһŵӣһǸŮ˵õ̵£˳Ѹոշϵغá
ǸŮˡӦǹˣ¿üëһ
ȺˡҪĶͦذ˿ֵ˱ˣ˸˵ķǻ
ҪĶʲôúúù۲һ¡
ԭԼڴ֧ӣһҪҪֱӰӸó
ǿе֮Ϳʼסܿһ˭Լ𡭡
ղһֱվŵǸ˴ʱ˿¿˿ڣģƿʱȴΧһ
ᣬԱߵǸҲȻ̧ͷ¶˫ɫ۾
ＸκֻѾͿˣĵʵûжˡֻܰԼˡ

Ҫ

һƬž, ˶ĵĿǸ˰ѰĶóȻ̧ͷǸһŮˡ
ڽһֱûŤͷ, ֻǸΧžûһĿ, һͷΪ, ȥƭԼô
Ů˵, ֺӦеĶǸ˵, Һϲ
ŮǾһ, ϸϸͷ
û˵һ仰, һᣬƺʲô˰ѶˣҲʱ, ²תͷǸ, ۾ͨͨġ
Ҳ֪ǲǴԴӸոһĻ۾͸ˡ
Χ˺û˵ˣԴոͳԼĶ, ˶ڵԼĶ񡣻¿סԼ, ˼һ¸ոʲôͬ㡣
, 鱦һĶЩ˵ûʲôûкǸŮ֮ǰ˵Ǿ䡰үû֮ǰ˵һ, ⲢȺ˲ȱǮֻںȻһЩȽϽʹǲò˽鱦ѡһֶ˵ӡáĶ
ǼʲôүǸʲôЩ˷ǳҪһȺ˾ͲòȡһЩǳʩ
»ȥһվˡֻԼĴԣ˵ΪղŰüǱôǾ͸ôǰóĶǺͲֻܿͳʲô
˾뻪²ԶĵطǸͺŮӣ¿ֻϡһ̺ۡ
˵Ⱦɫʮָ¾ӦһŮŮЩվǺ˲ͬģŮǲǻϲͣȲϻʵе̫
Ůվ·Լһ˶ǰģҲûʲôĶվ˿ܴʲô
¼ҪΪǸƵˣȻǸŮ˿ڵһˣֻһι¡
ΧȫǸŮˡ
ЩóĶԽԽ˰ⲻǡй£о𡱵ֳ汾𣬻¿ǸȴǸŮû˿ֵӣؿǸŮˣ֮ǰǸ欵Ů˺Ǹһ
֮δûое׵ģŮţ˭Ҳû˵ŮԼߵһ㷢Ȼ󻺻Ŀڡ
ںܾǰػϵһ
ԭڰţ仰˵͵̧ͷ
Ů˼ţػйܶƯĻÿһ϶źܶƯŮˣЩŮÿһһƯ
Ѱ֣ŮػҲ֪˶ˡ
֪һ쿪ʼȻһһ˫ɫ۾
˫۾ѪһƯһػܵ˵׷Ƕʱ䣬ػŮˣɤӺܺãϷرĺǽõĽϰΪϷһǧ𡣡
֪ж𣿿ºܶһûм·ǽõ˿ƳɵģͷϵǶŵѪ˫۾һĴ
ϵŮǶǼʶ˵Ҳ˵׼һֿ֣һֱ
ȻȻһ죬ǸŮ˾ʧˣû֪ȥġ
һʧģΪһǧˡ
Ƕϧ˫Ѫ۾ʧģǾͲˣΪ۾Ů˽Ķ
ֹһʱ䣬ͻȻһŮ˵۾³һССĺ룬źԵøӵ欣Ҳ˸ˡ
ǸŮ˵ʱԱ߾˿۽ǣȻǰŻõϿһ欵롣
Ȼֹһʱ䣬ǸŮ˺ȻһЩֵ飬Щ¾ǺȻڴһ
ЩŮǺȻֳ˺üͬĲ֣Ѻ۾Ƿһ𡣡
ֹһʱ䣬ǸطʱʱľͻʧһˡЩʧٵͻȻֵط˵ͻȻһˣҲʲôֵ顣ЩʧľǸͻȻӰٵĻһҲһ˿ڵĺۼ
˭֪ϻһŮˣֻ֪ǸЩʧ˵ȥ
ػģһʱ䣬ǳڴ϶ԴţΪһɻ˾
ӰӣӵζӲǸط
֪Ǹû뿪ֻǶһطܺ»ᱻҵ
Ϊҵһ˾ˡ
ǸŮ˵ĻȻֹûͷûβġ
Χѻȸ
ڲػӸס˵Ǹ̫׵Ĺ£ǿֻе죬ػⱲϢĻι̣ҲûϱкܶԱ
ȷԼڻûŮˣٳŮˣӦ֪ģ֮ǰйһλʱڣƲŮӦǶʱӻ뿪һˡ
֮ǰǶʱ⻪Ҳ΢˽һ㣬ȷʵйôһȷʵûκϢһʱ޹Ҳͷˡ
ȻпܲػϵĵһӣʱػϺ۾̫٣Ż˫۾ƯѪ
һֱҵϵһ˵˭Ϊȥʱ򣬾һƬûйӣɹŮǵһԭһѾӻ뿪ˡ
¿ǸһŮˣŮѾ˵Ůˣ˼룬ȻһûͷûԵ⣬ܷܺһΣ
Χ˴һ£ǶŮôڴʱ˿ͻȻôһҪܸоΧո롣
һҲһ£Լ׽ʲôʱ벻ס
ǸݰٵŮԥһ£ǿ˿ڡ
תںУԵЩ
ｭһ
ǹҲ
һֿԡ
ŮϿջصŮһű˵һڣΧ˲ûһ˸ٺ
ôһڵʱԱߵ˶һ£ɤʵ̫ˣԲǼѧܳĵز
ȻǸϷˣڻ̫ˣЩһ䣬ֱܷʲôġ
һ̣Դһȥһͷ
ʲôֻһŮ֪Ǹʧ˶㵽ˣʲô»ᱻǸҵ
ֻΪЩʧ˿¶ǱǸɱġ
ǸΨһ֪ںδŮˡǻˣ
ǸŮŮ˳һǣҲš
ڶʱ򣬾ѾȷˣνһֱǸŮˣʵǸŮˡ
ΪóϷĻܳôӡ
ǻӳǸǸǻһŮˡ
һǱ޵ĹʹǰˣҲһСһºһӣ˵ݡ
һϣмϷʲôǸ
ǸŮųϷŮˣЦŵҺϲ㽲£㳪ӡ
ΧʱһƬȻ
˶ΪŮֻǼ򵥵Ľ˸ӳ˸ӣɵĹأǡҲԣ
ͦ϶˾ϲɫҲ֪ǾǶԼģǳģڸŻЩˡ
ǷǳǸŮ˽Ĺµķ͸¶Ϣ
ĬĬ˴ӿʼڱ
һɱܶ˵ĶƵϡ
һܹһҷֱĶҲܹ̼һӸӷƷ
һǱ޵Сһ˽ⲻĹӵϢ
ܽºȻЩҪʲôˡ
Ȼͱɢϡ
ҪЩеǡ
תͷЩˣǸŮ˽˸¾͹֮¶ϲá
ǸϲĲ룬ЩҪĿɲô򵥵Ĺ»ӰǲΪô򵥾ͻذɣ

ǽһͨͨĹ

ٽЩóĶͻûгµĲˡ
¾һֱĿ, ˴Ķˣϵĳһ֡
֪ΪʲôЩ˼ǳȺ, һ˾Ǳġ, һǱԼļˣѣ´ķӡ
, ûκζ, Ǵ󲿷ֶֻǽ˸, еĸɴֻһ޵ҽܡ
ǵͷ̫С, Դ󲿷ֻ˰Ҳû˭ֻмһǰ㡣
Ի˴ӻܳȥ⣬»ϳһˮʱӳˣһˮʱӳˣһˮʱӳˡ
᣿Ϊʲôˮְ
Ŷ, Ŷ, ˮڻҵҵС±һˡ
һʱע⵽һص⣬˵ӦвͶطģˮֵҲδ̫һ㣬ˮǰʱѾŸˣȺϸ˵ȷʵĺΪҵľ桭
Ⱥ˸Ⱥ˶˵ֲͬ, ӦҪͶЩŮģòƳǸŮ⣬Ů˶Ȥ¾ó˻Ů˶
һŮûе, ԴҲ²͸ǵôġ
һֱҪߵʱ򣬻²ڴ϶һ¡
ԱԾԾҪȿڣƺڱµԼͳһݸš
Ǹһ£Ĺ¶߰˰ˣΪľ޷µġԻǸʱȷʵǷǳ⡣
һǸŮˡµĵȻһɱ㡣
ĺỺĶһ£¿ˮԼǶʵأΪ̫ڣ˰ΣűϳǶӦһ֧Ļ
һ̣֪Ӧǿܵģĳ嶯ǡҡ
Ϊ򲻹
ǸԼҪĳ嶯Ϊװ׵ļǵøղͳһĴôϢûġеһʲôܸ
һ޿ǰʹ˰죬Ȼùһ롣
ѽòƻġȸղͳǿһ㡣
ֻǣԭΪôģ˵ûһ㣬ʱ˿̣ȴͻȻʼ
һ˽ԼĹ£˰죬ΨһһֲһȤˡ
ˡòǴ¥ӳģ
»ûüٶ룬ǸŮͳ߿˹¾͵İע˻Ǹһߵĵط˳ʱ˳򣬵һҪ˵˾Ի²ŰǸǿԷġ
վôһ˿£ΪղŻºȻĶһ˵һѻڻûзӦ
һֱŮֿһۣŻһ飬ȻԼڴ˳ңĶǣ
ͳǸӷϣŮĿһۣΧҲζҼ˸ղǸ³ڿСӵͬ飬пͬ飬жͷĲ⡣
ŸղŻ¸ĻŮΡΡĿ˿ڣңӣԭҵģǴһģǸҲʶ˵Щ
ŶʲôŮڲ˫µ۾ˣת
޲òһͷϵĺͷһηָǸŮ˵ôѹһ飬ԭ˵ʱֱ亹Ц˼ҵģԼ˵ŷ֣˶²֡
Ů˵۾һ㶼ۣ˸}ˡ
¿ˮӸҵ˵ӸӲͬһЩ˰£ʲôС
ŮֿǸӣһܹһȺ˰£ȷʵǸͦ׵˵ϾҲǸͨӣǸʣǴõģ
ǰõİ͵͵˻£°ͣıȻֱùǰС󴳽һӣһˣֻӡ
ǸӵֽСȫ򡣡
Ǵ˵еǸ𣿡ŮȻ
ǣǰɡãȻĵ֪ʲôǹ򰡣ֻǸݻµĴ˵ģȵǣŮȻ֪Ǹֶӡģ
ȻԹôģǾһעȫˡԱ˿û롣
˵ȥɡŮʡ
㶣ȻĹ¡
Ĺ£㹻Χ˶ü
ʲôһСĽһҹĵط
ʲôֶƯŮˣ
ʲôЩŮҲ˵ĵÿ˶ǣȴ˵Ĺ
ߣҲȥ·ˡ
Ͷ·ʱȴȻһ˼ɾһĵطŸƯŮˣһڸߴƵˡ

Ƚƫի磬իһ㲻ŪһеβǰЩ˵ȻãеʵеĹ˵ӵĹΧƵƵü
ˡϹ
ʲôһŮǰһ뻹ޣһͻȻʧˣ˳ߵļˣ
ʲôΧŮ˺Ȼŵһֱ㶵ĿǸһ
˿еӣֿ˿ҰײҰ׵ɫ˵磬֪㿴ǰһ˵³ˣǳǿңҲôϹɣ˵ĸƵġ
ŮĻҲĬ˰Σ˼Ĺ°
ȻЩ˼֮ǰҲûƵġ
֪ŮǾԲɱģΪȫ˵㹻ģȻ˵ĻЩ˼ϾҲйȫеϢ
ĿӱŮˣȻ󵭶ĿΧ˷׷һ𾪵һ
ΪΪʲô
Ů˼ãԼӦǹˡ
͵תͷ˻£۶𾪺ɻ󲻽⡣
ΪΪʲô
ûпĥԼҪһʲôĹ¡
񡭡̫ˣ֪ĸʼ𰡡
ҲλŮҪĸطϢأ
¿Ů˫µ۾ɰ뿿ӣһʮɵģһֱţ֮ǰҲԳúˣŵƻǺзġ޳һ˵ʡ
ŮڰŵǸ˵ûκζֻһι¡
ŶҲһι£ŮȤζĿ˻£ġ
Ůı˵ϺºͣҲǸۺСˣԭܿŻµĶҾ;ܲ˳ˣô¡
±˵ҵĹ·ǳͨ㲻ȤֻǽϷһƽĹ£ƽľܻÿϷ
û£˵ŮëȻ΢Ц
ô˵˸Ƶܾúܾǰһ˴ס˺ܾõĵط˳ĻǼƻ˺ܾõ£ʱֵһĺܺÿ졣
ΪӳǸطܴ󣬶ӳʱ򣬻ɱһˣÿ췢⣬Ҳûʲôɸɡ
ֱһ죬ȥػɢģ˵ͦƯĹǡ
仰˵꣬ǸŮ˺Ȼͷ̧ʵ̫ˣ͸ŰСʱǰʱķӦһģһ
Щĳˣȴں̵ܶʱڱһ˸֡»һת˿ûỨ˵˵ֻǸ֣֯Сˮ֣
Ȼ⻰һڣ˲м͵̧ͷ
ţҲԣ⼸Ǵˮֳˡ
νıǸҵķӦϵͬ
ͷͷϹŵһŰֽˣһֱ̫鷳ǹҾͰ󻨰ɡ˰ϲƯ·֬ˮ⣬Ҳûʲôİá
ǸˮȴĪľò˳ۣΪˮֵĹﶼƯһ㶼û֮ǰĹƯ
ȵȡŮȻҪ𷿼ھֲսĻ
ֱ˵ʣ֮ǰסǸطʲôط
ЦЦĶҶ˵ǸͨͨĹˣ̫ͨˣɱǸ˵ӦҲġ
Ů˫۾ĶС˵ǿµ񡭡밡
ȻǸط󻨲ٻȥˣҲԸᣬǸɱ˵Ǽǵֵġ
˵仰ʱû죬Χֲʵĸо˵Ŵ󻨵飬һɱ˵£ȴֵԼʲôһ
󻨻סɱÿһ˵֣ǵǸ˵ֽǡ
һ֪֡
Ͼڴ󲿷˵ֻҪС¥ǡ¥ͺˡ



ʲôֺʲôûз, һ, 󲿷˵Ȥ, кܶ, Ҷͳȥˡ
¶Ů۾, Ů˫Ӳ۾ŲתĲ顣
Ϊ̫ˣԻ¶˼ȥһõķ۵һҵġ
һ, ŮɳƵ˵

ĵ˵𣬾ͱȽϼˡ
һֱԼ϶Ҳ˳, һ˼϶Ūˡ
ĵʱϲɽˮˣȥ˲ٵĵط
һ, ȥһеĵط
»˸˵, һᵽ¾ͱ˷
жðֺÿ, ־뽭߿ûȤ, ڶлֵ, ͸Ŷһʱ䡣
Ҫõĳӡµŵķǳǳ, رõĳ, Ҫö, ҪײУĳӲź档
㿴öõһֻжҪֵǣһֻôҲļǮ, еˣԸͳ۵ġ
ոǸɱܶ˵˱ʱĺۼ첼ƿ¶İײ
Щвôö㲻úСǵĸͷҪȱиһ㣬е᲻ðǸˣʱǻôأ
˸ѳȦĶǻЩзŽͬһȻŽһֻöֻöľͻڹصĴ򣬶ӶǳӵĲ֫ʱһЩöҲƲסԼϡͿľ͸Ŷ
ʵвᶷУǾͻС֦ȥͣĶŪĳ򣬲ŪĴ룬ôһ̼ҲͻͻȻˡ
ոͳ˰Ů˾ԱߣԾǸ˵ĶӣΧǼžģȻȴš
ƺʲôڰӿʱ
Ůͷɶߡ
ȴ֣۾֪ʱѾĵزٿˣǿһߵһ̨
Цһдŵ˷ܵļ˵ܵиͷģֻһȺӡ
ǿֻӣôأӮ࣬ֻоǡ
ܻһֻӣȴѾĳӲͬˡĳӿܼӾʮֻֻ޼֮Ӷỻ
ֻӣе̫пҶġ
˾Լģȥѹ˴ע档ͻȻЦǿʲôЦһ춼û֪ͣô𣿡
Լⲻ֪ڱǰֻֻǸͨСˡ
йڹӵ飬֪˼١
ӦҲǷֹٲһַ򽭺ϵ˶ⶫôĻ»ǳܴӡ
Ҳ˵ֻּ֪ĺˡ
¶ǸŮ˵۾˵⶷к𣿡

档
žڴŮɬ
һֹ֣Źֵ˷ܸһ˲ȥ±ģ¾㽲ˣһ£Ҫ𣿡
ιͽˣԱߵǸһ𾪵ı飬СĿ˻£ȻָͣƺĺϴһĦ˹룬дšͽ˸ǲ
Ůƺؿ˸Ե˵ĹȷʵǺ˼
ͣµĶȻͣˣûȥ֪û˵ǿãһΪеĹϲء
ûйϵкü£ܻһϲġ¿Ůֻϲ˵֪ԸԸ
Ů߹һˣĶ߶˼䡣
ԭһֱŻ£˶˵Ļ֮󣬱Ҳ𽥵Ĵӱ˺
ȻŻµķһƳͫһ۾ȻǴ˶һ۾ΧһȦŨŨĺڣߵױ
¿Ůһ˿Ц֪жٹ¡
ж٣ҶԸ
ǿáµЦ
ڵ˰ѾԸúõ˵ˣϲҵĹ£ҿ̫ˡ
ʵ˵ûһղŻ½ǹµǸʲôģƺľֻǽ˸СǴҲɵܲİ⵱һеĹȥ
ڻߵǸüȻתͷһԼı󣬲֪ǲĴܸоԼǸѾĴͻȻȥһӰ
ָ˵ýʲôأ
˫ֽ˵ʵֵģÿ˶кܶĹ£ÿ˵Ĺ¿ûнĸ壬ʱǻȻЩ²֪Ѿһž޴ÿ˶С
˭ұ֤ԼǱ˹еĽɫأǣһһˣ߾ǹµǡ
ĹǸһȺŮйصĹ£ȺŮǺ֣ƽֻϳţš
ΪϿǾͿʼҹ˵ЩҹҲյ硣
ǲǣµҲûа취Ϊ֮ǰĵطһֱӵģûа취Ӧ˵ˣԾͶˡ
ȺŮǾÿ˶ͬĵ̫Ȥˣÿ˴ͬ·Ҳ̫ȤˣģǿʼһãϹҳԼΪƯĵԼΪƯ·
˵Ա˵𽥱ûҲΧ˱𽥱ɻ
޲ֵϤУʱ龪дֲ²Ļ࿴šȻ֪֮ǰǸ˵Ļȫǻ¸ġ
Ҳע⵽Щ˵ûйЩˣǵ˵֮ǰסĵطкܶƯٻٻϣһֱӵ컨壬춼ɫһ
ոǸûһĴǵͷµĻŮ˺Ȼ͵һȻŻߵķ˹
һˣǾͽСɡµ
Сɽˮʱ򣬾ٻĵطɫɫŮˡ
ǸʱŮɻǰϢϳţʱǻû˼ȥЩΪƯĵ
ϵױƯģɫų겻յĲ԰סǵģһôϳƯıأ
СһֱãһŮ˵˵ĵطǾµױݣ߰ӡµ˵ӦɬһĨ죬ЦʱǳǳС
û뵽ȻŮͦϤİԱߵİüͻȻ˵Ϊòõһ㶼ŮԵ
ڵıȽͻȻûйԱ߾վŮϸֱ棬⻰лһ˿Źֵĵط
֮Цʱ֪ΪΣԵøᡣ
û취ڵʱǴһᡣ

ֿɰŮˣֱ˼ﰡ

´

⻰еֵֹģΧ˶ֵŻ, ڻԱߵ֪ԱŲһ, Զ˵㡣
ƺȫûвΧЩ˿һ, еĿ, ִαϣ˳ָһα
α, һǼش䵽˴ҵ
Ĺºеƫ˰ɡŮĴ˻µĻ
ǲϲʲôŮˣЩҲûȤŮŻµ
ƫ˰, ĺܱǸ²˼Цŵ
˼Բ, һ˵ϲûû˵ģһһ
Ů۾ĶŻ, ȫûпһ
˵ĳôһȺŮ, Ȼм, ȴ޼ҿɹ顣
ԭסģֻһЩסط, Ц
ŮЦĲЦķ·Ǵһֿ⡣
ʵҲ֪ˮǵطĹϴſ⡪ϾˮֱŰʱԶˡ
Ⲣ۾Ϲ˵, ˵Ϳ, ǵطĹòɡ
ǼˮܳĹڻûʲôζء
¾õ΢ĸһ㡣
˵ЦĲŮվǲ˵, ǵʱɵģ֪ܱ֮ܲΪҵĵط, ûþͺȻ串ˣܶԭ򣬾ͺȻֱ޼ҿɹ顣
һòǾϢе, òȥұ֮ء
ܴӸָĵطǣеϣһطܽǡµĹǣĲǣΪʲôȴҪǸۣ
׼ô죿ԱߵİüȻִĻҲи޶ȣҪ֪ϲеŮ˶ô˵ġ
Ҳԡ̾ϢǵҸղŽĶеǸپҲվһ

ǵĳѾӦӺȴȻԼҲڶȥĵطˡ
ЩĹȴ֪һ¡
ڵһ˵֪˶Ļһһֵ˳
ǲòĴӣȥԶǸӵһʵҲһżȻ¡
ˮֵкܶࡣ
ԼҲϧΪֵǸˣֵˡ

̧ͷŮһ£ֵ˵˭أ
Ůĺ˺ü£ҲûԹԵ˵ºɺɣƫƫҸոսǸϲŮЦС졣
ﴫ˴صĴϢƺǳļڵֲ徿˭˼ҡ
Сסٻĵطʱеģȥٹһ䣬ȻƫƫײǸǳüŮ˵ĵط
ǸÿСǿŮɥһȥԼϲ顣
ЩŮѵʹûлɹΪʲôЩˡץô˳𣿡
˵ҲûлɹΪʲôһʼطᳩͨ𣿡
ǴûûаĿͶġЩˡôҵһֱĬĬ
ǸС죬ڰʵ͵͵ʹЩֶΡ
µصЩԭЩŮΪ޼ҿɹԪ׵ˡʵҲĿܡ
ЩӵĽ죬ҲһƶָڿлһƵĻߡ
ǵЩƯƵʵǻƲǵȥģΪǰٻ
ǻ֪ǻ𣿡
гһգ֪µ𣿡
˵仰ĴϢˣƺҪըķ䡣
ϸֱ棬Դƺ崦һŮ󣬻ºȻʶˮֵӦѾ˲ˣվŮ
ȺɫɷףǷŮУвԭžױݣػӵĴ欵衣
ƺûЩǳĬһ룬һ룬ȴȻһƣĴЦ
һЦһ˵㿴ҵļԲãµˮƽǿԵģҲƫ̫
ҲԲ𣿡

ԲԲҪԱߵİüȻü˵üëѾĲˣʱҲҪԲΪҾǿܲǺԲ¡
ôأµҵĹ½ľġ
ȡԱߵİüһǺܺŮǰһǶУȥࡣ¥ģҾӦûһŮ˻ϲġôŮˣӦ̸֪ŮϲĶֺǡ
˵˴󻨺Сһ𣿡µȻ
һϲУһϲŮˣ˭˵һˣ
üһ£ԱߵʹĴҪ˵ˣһԳĬԵֵҲ˿£˵ӶԼͬ΢΢
µǼģֱ˵ҵŪЩŮϲĶ
һŵ㣬֬Ů˻ÿױݡ
Ҳи¡ڻߵкȻ˿ڣ֪ԸԸ
Աߵ֮ˣ˵߸һһѹµģôҲй£ȫй£
ѵǿ´
е֪õʲôʵ֮ǰһѪˣвٵԸϲ塣
Ȼһ죬ȻͲˣϾ˸ΧѵϵǼʹҪҲֻյһүز˵Ϣ
˺üꡣеһѺȻյһϢҪȥʬ
¿УСʹ󻨵ָԼˣ˶ѧһУλǻٻʵѡ
ֲðԼڵʵʵģֻΪ˸һ㡣
˵ӵϢʱѶǳĲ˼飬һôڻŵʱ֪ͨȥʬأ
ֱ˵ʱˡ
еͻȻ˼ϵѪǰһ󶴣ţЦź˵
ؿڵǸһֻССĳӣץֻӣǿЦһ˵㿴ֻСӣǸ޼֮
ºȻʲôеԽԽͳǳӱó֮󣬻ˣӸòֵ֡ǣѪȻóӰ
µǸù¡üȻ˵ֻûԱߵ˽ĺȥ
Ȼ㽲°ɡüĻ˵꣬ߵȻز廰
ҽıҡ˵ܽı㡣

ڷĹ

ҽĵ, µֽа¡
˵ʱ, ȻԼ¶ͦģһ͵ùһ
ǰ¶ôôȻҲ⡣
¾͸úúĥĥˣһ, ͷڹٸС
ٸ
Ļ˵, Ա߾΢΢ü
ͻĴʸΧ룬һʯͷмȻһ
ǰ˵ŵĵĸо, Զʵ, Ůֱ顣
֪˵ݺͱرˣǵ¾Ȼ漰ٸ, ־һ¡
漰ٸǸǰһֲϵĲͬˡ
漰ٸ鶷оȻҲ֪, ǲϸ˵Ρ
ȻǸ֪ǣĳ˵½ǰ, ҲǴӡٸ֪Ϣ
ЩлֻˮֵǼ֪ǰ˺͹ٸϵӦ÷ǳ
Ϊ֪ˮֵǸŵΧ֮µġӸոյڶ, òƾǼ, жһ֡
¼˵
Ǹصˣ˶ǴģҲû
ֻ֪żһɫĶص, ڸָĵطӸָϡŹֵĵط
֮ȥ¥Ҳȥɽ, Ƿ֮أЩط¹Ӱ
һ죬ºȻ֪ٸȻһʬ壬ѪҪȥһ
֮ǰȥܶܶطܶܶ£֮Ҳ΢˽һ㡣
Ϊ֣Ѿȥˣûһ˹ʹٸѾѸʾǣֵǷ꣬ɹ޼ҿɹһ
ֵ֮¡һ죬ȻһȺˣѹٸˡ
˵ЩʱһֱЦŵġԱߵЩﶼһáٸû˵ȻٸˣôһС£
ڽϻľõ˶֪˵Ĳ˵Ĳ
Ϊ߲ƣزɵӶЩˡ
Χ˷׷׿ʼΣϲʮֵİ֡
ղ滹һļž˶Ůѹ˵ڣҲʼһɧˡ
֪ΪʲôҪ˹ٸ𣿡ʵΪҪһ
¿˿ŮѾȷŵ˾
˵֮ǰ˼ΪʲôΪһʬȥţȴԸȥ죬ôھˡ
ǾʬйŹ֣ǴŹ֣ʱһ㣬Ҳûڡȴ˽ĺˡ
ӦһһС˻⣬뻪û˵ĸϵСϻһֻӵġ
ϾУԵʱ˹ŵҵĲǻʬ壬ϵĳӡ
ǲûϵǣ֮ǰžѾʬˣǳҲͲڻϡ
Ǹġ
¿Ǳߵļ˵ƫƫһĺǿˣʬȻְʬ˻ȥȷǳЩΪʲô᲻ʬ塭
ѪμǼ˾ٰ˳㿴طʲôͬ
ȷʵһͨͨ񣬿ǵϣŹ֮Ž˳Ǹܹ磬ҲǸܳª硭
¿Χ룬ҲϲеӦòֻдһɡ
ΪĿǰϲⶫв١˵еΪһֻУԸҵ
룬һϲӶյõҲģⲻΪڵĵ̫ҲΪкܶѾӦڵƹˡ
˵ڰõڵǵĶ
ĸԸĲںڰΪʲôأԸںڰ֮𣿲ûУƫƫѾϰˡ
ΪǳóªҲǣֻǺ±ƹǲ԰׵װŪߣҲµƹ۽ǿű֬ڸǵĺ롣
ŮǶôƯӦ۵ĵطƯӣ޼ɵչʾԼ
ʹǵ۾һѪ룬ʹǵ۾Ѫꡣ
˫۾ӦñĳϡеΪ˹Ծ˵챦ʯһ۾һǧΪ˫۾ļѪᡣ
˿ĶˣǾͻẦ£־壬ι״Ĺڰ
ΪһЦǣ˶ѾĹˡ
˵ף˲ϣǱˡΪʲôԼҲ
ܵ˵ֻΪϣ˻뿴ЩŮɬһĨ죬Ͷ˵аˡ

˵ʱȻֹ˼롣
⼸һļžü
üͷڻµԱߣûղһȻڻһЩ˸ûһ˵ģǶԳĬԵֵһӰ
ǸĿȫǵŮڽ󻹱˧ѣҲһš
ͬģǴ⡣
ĴĴɫֽϣȷ͸һ˿߳ЩɫĴ棬ڶЩӰӰ´µĶƺڴΧ˺öˡ
Ǿһһ趯ڴ⣬ֻһ㱡Ĳܴ͸ץסˡ
ŮŻ°Σʣ˵ô˵أ
ĹҲͲ֪ˡЦΪ¡ûȫء
ңûз¡ôܹ˵أ
ԽԽƽﶼһɽ¥ơ
淢һ죬ƺʲôϿһ˵ԴԼͬĳǱת˹ȥֻĳɵĽʵʵĴֽȻƿˡ
һƬ׵¹͸˹˵ϣһ峺ˮ
¡ȷǺù£ֻϧŮվҲǺϲǰµβ
ô£Ҿһİɣ
ҲЦ˵ҽĹеͬĸоô˵ľܸĵأ
Χȶǰüڴɴˡ˼붼û룬ֱվȻȾ壬ٶȷɿ죬Ҫˡ
ǵĴͷ£˲γѣȺ˼ĵĸ塣
ûжɰŮɳҵͳ˵
ҾжĺʿĶӣ۶֣մԼѪֽϰѹµĽд
㲻ܡ
ĿŮȻǲģΪгĵ
ĵʲô
Ȼ쳤Х
󡪡Сȡҡ
ոܳõ˻δȴͺȻоһǵصɱ
ذ׵ãȴɱȾһƬ졣



ǵصɱɢ, ÿһռ䣬ͷ, ˺Ȼ۾
˫ʺ۾·͸˶ңֱֱӳŮС
ŵӰӽȫΪʵ壬ЩӰȫ̬ˡ
ÿ˼ŮһɫöδĲ԰ס
кܶҲδȥİ̺ۣһħӡ
Щ˵, ˵ĳӰںڰ֮жȹʱ̫ˣƺѾȫ֮µˡ
ȻǶǸȴЦǳ, Ҳܵͳ, ȴȶЩ˿
εɱ֮бŤժԼͷϵĶҡ
һž޵ȻЩ˵ǰͬĴһֲ԰, ȴִһ˿ѹֵЦ
Ǿ͡Ը
յļһ˿úȻըɫ¹˽ƽº͵¹, ʱ˿̿žȻôҫۡ
˹ȥδļԶֻļضɽҡ
̶̵һ·ƺʱҲ޵ӳ

¹±ϵʱ, ոձŪõаһΡ
һ˾, һֻССĳӡ
Ĵ̱Ŀͣ龪ֵˡ
е̱ڽе̱ھŵ˽ľϣе˾̱˵Ľ¡
Ȼ, ȴûһܹ˵½ǡ
ЩڵϵˣһͼˣʹѾһ̧ͷܿվҲǸһǵ
ÿһ˵Ĳ϶һϸϸĺߣƺͷ˿Ҫϸȴûһ˸Ҷһ¡
ŵ˺ܽĵطһ̲ʺѪɫȾڰɫĲϡ
Ů͵ɫǴĲӴӿġ
ֻڲϳߺ󶯵һ£ȻɫԴԴϵĴĲ硣˳
һ˲䣬ɴ۾һȥԴԴѪȴԶֹס
գѪˡ
ϵѪҺδɺԣһƬ簢ǵΧȴ123ľͷһ
滬ֺЦ
Щϴźߵ˱˴˶ҶҲֻ۾໥ʾһ¡
ֽӲĸоһȺʬ⡭
ϵĻ˵ġ
ܾôСϴδȫʱһ㡣
ţϸ룬ҲĴϾϴδо͸ʾһºΪѧ䡣
״аŵϵֻǴӸոյڵϵŮӴɳġ
ֻ˵Ҳ֣Ůڵϵһ˲ಡһ¾ͷ˳Ȼ״һץ
ӷɵļֱȲͺŮͳһһƿĶϿڣѵĵطǻȸԾķ˹
״ǷŽĿǣָţƺǰŨŨϲá
ָķſ˳ӣӾͺܰȵ״еָϣȻԹԵĴ
ڵϵŮĿ۾Ķߡ
֪֮ǰ᲻ῴԼĳӣһܵһϵĻأ

¶ں氲Ŀ״жǰ״гʱ䶼̫ǽ˺ͻȻȻʧˡ
һΣ״жʱھȻûлȥ˼
ԭڣԱߵĲϰڷһͭվͺɲɵճ״е
״һ̧ͷܿڵԼ
˹ȥĽ¹⣬Լ֮ͭеӡ
е飬ʱȷʵһױҲûǴյ״̬
״СһοգһһµԼѾкܳܳʱ˰ɡ
¿龹Ȼһ˿ĸо״һڴ˵ӦֻǴȷǲʲôûĨڵȺľͷ˵У͸ӵĹˡ
һľƯѪɫˣ֮У˵¹ŵһȺʬ⣬ֻŹ;֮еԼ
ѵƵϡտּžһ˵
ղ˵µҪӵĵһЩҲӵһЩ
һڵŵվЩǣǸĿȫǵŮˣո˶뿪ãֻûУոҲûгֻ֣
һ仰Ҳû˵ŲĿİߵڷŵ̨ǰȻȼ
һһαȼһƬĵطҲԽԽһЩľżı۾ѾӦֹˣе˵۾γᡣ
ƵŮֶǶµģһͷȥֱǸԾԼˡ
ֻܿǸ˽Ÿոձ⣬רעĿžӡ
ոһֱȤԼú˵ˣڰȴ˵ķ
Ůƺմһ֬ǰľӣĵԼĴϡ
ôᣬôרע֮е˾ԼӾͺ֮еˡ
۾һ̲ˮţˮˣᱻڻ档
һĨڴȾŮ۽ǵĺ졣
Ȼͽһ죬ȴŷ־µȻһ˿ӦеģŮ˵ģӢ־µϣȻͶһ˿Īʡ
Ůȫµͣ˫ѾƲסĶˡ
ȥʱ򣬸оԼһ
˵֮ǰ˳ʱᵭһЦȻƺţôڽ֮һԴ˷
ȻףʱµģһĿȫǵһķ·˼
Ϊ˫۾ƺʢ˵ᣬȴҲ޾ƫִ
ıģǶôĺڰأ

¿ſţ𽥲һֲĸо
Ŀ״в֪õĸ޳һ֬ˮۣȻ²ĿʼĨ
Ի·ûⲻܡ
˵Ҫ𣬻̫ǻᱧ̫ǺСһңᱧķңС»ᱧס㣬ô״оͻᱧһ׻ױߡ
ʱ״еԸĸСһڱضǻ˵£Χصů}ķ磬ɫɫ֯磬ƺֲ֮أ״С
Ȼֵط²ĸԼױ
ºȻԼgetһ״еԻ·()
ص㡣
ںܵġ
״ô֣֮ǰеıƸ񶼲ˣԲˣųˡ
ĿһĻ
½һս״̬
ɫǲǡ̫ˣ㿴ǱǸɫ㲻ʲôԲԡ
ôװǱ͹ˣǲͿСŮСŮǲҪЩ߰Ķġ
ԣǸԲУϾԲС
ոãڰй۲ļ˺ȻԶһ⣬΢۾
ôģôͻȻأ
»źţ״аͿˡ
˿״ĶžתһȦȻȻʧ
¶žӿһᣬĸԤ£㲻ǡеͿˡ
԰׵ɫ̫ǻճõױݣеƫձռͦ񡭡ڵϵǸŮ
Ϳĸ͸ˡ
մһ֬˴ϣȻһ
ոһƬñһƬҫֱۣǸոչｲһ



ϴ, Ķʲô
ǹ⡣
ڵĻҴԺкȻɢ˹âʼһ㣬۵ģı, ضǰɫ, ԭֻǰİ, һһûм, ȴѾȫȼˡ
ǸĿȫǵŮڰ֮еȼ, ⴦Ĺ￴ȰﻹҪ
ѾԱߵĶң´ͷϡ
ؽӲ˵߰ɡ
Ů֪⻰ӦǸ˵, ½Ӳ֡
ոʼһֱǷǳµ, ̫ǿ, ۾ò, Ӧ֮ľΧһжôһ˿һӳС
һᣬѣѣ˻ӺͻʯѾ߳ȥĻ˳ȥ

³õʱ, ֻţոܳȥǼ˴ʱ˿Ҳ֪ȥ
ԣǴʱ˿ҲǲⲻԺǹص, ҲͬԻ¡
һĳǰţ˲ȣãڴ̨
ط棬һҲ㣬ȴڵضǣ˻ºܴķ㡣
͹һطһƬÿһ߹ĵطһƬõӡ
һᣬ֮һĻҴԺ˹֮С
ڵĻҴԺ֪ж˴ʱ˿̧ͷ򣬷·һĵȼա
ȻһָոµУⲢ˾ůͰĵĶһָڰƵĶ
ûڰ˺ڰ
˺ԶİüͷȻĹ⣬ȻǸнĵһ¡
£լǰվһƬ֮ϣȴǰһжõģǱ˿еһ¡
¿ûκεı顣
ţլ֮ʱʱһ춯
ϸϸģǳӵ
ЩƾڸղŵǳͻĽвģʱ˿ǷߵȻˣ¶Ҫߡ
һƬУƺϤ
Ǳ߿˹ȥǱߵ˺ȻڽǰһֱվǰǶֵܡ
۾Ǻɫĵܵܳܣܵܵһֱ¶ģƺʲô¿Ǹܵܵ۾ƺһֱŸĲӡ
Ƿǳ׵ĲӣҲǺܾöûмӣɫѪ뻪ôԶĵطҲһ۾ܿ
ԶԶģͿǸڸĵܵ۾ԽԽ졣
ȴãȻ֪ɿǰլԺһɫ֪ʲô
̧ͷҲǰլӣдĸ֡
һʮƫƧլԺʱ˿̻´Ա߹ȥֵľֱ߹ȥˡ
ֵվ棬ƺȥÿȴְѸո̤ȥĽ˻
ⲻ֮ͣ̽У¿Ņֽ̀ܵܵ˫¶۾･һֲ̺ͱꡣ
Զɤӡ
Ӳԡ͹˰
Ǹһ˼ܵĸ͵һͷת˹պþ͸ײ˸ۡ
µʱ򣬻˰죬µͦ˹رƽ͵˵ʲôأ
ţҡûʲôҪˡ
ҹ·ʱŵ󡣡ָ˵ײ
ǸܵԴ³֮󣬾˲ջ֣վ˫۾ֳ¶ɫƺոһжġ
۾ĶǸܵһᣬܵԽԽ󿿣ƺҪԼڸǸʲô
ң˵ǰס˵ЩĿİͰ͵ġ
תͷۺСĿƫլȻʲô
˵֮󣬾ͱҰһᱻ˷ֵĵط
춼ôˣ㻹ŵܵܵʲôҿܵҲǺܺõӡЦ˵˵ԽԽᡣ
ҡʵһ¡
˵˵ܡһ
ǸղŻǸ氡ĸ˻ҹȥһð
ܾԴЩңΧĹرһ˹ܻЩȫУ˵ҡûܡ
ʵղŻ½ǼȻҲˣһûףҲĲɵûȥ٣ֻһ˼һԼҪ顣
֮ܣΪеղԣټ˶ˣŴŵܵܵġ
ԭûе֣еˣе󣬽Ҳ㰲һ㣬仪µֺҲͲʲôֿµˡ
Ǹˡ
ʹŸңղŻЦ˰죬еһ˵ʱǸ˻ǻһЩġ
šЦŵŵʱü˵Ļܵǵһ𣿡
ԡԴˣĻϵЦЦ
ȫоֵۣüһѻ²̫࣬Ƶʱ²ǣ²վǰֵ
˵ײײģȫõˡ
ˣȻ˻ӡеè尡
ĵȰҹģֵܵطá
֪緳ԼͷǡҾЩҲۿҲġ
˵˵žͰԼĵܵק˳ҵܵǰӵģ۾ǰǺɫġ
ǰһ죬Լ˳ȥٻʱ۾ͱɫȻԸҲ
Ǹܵ䲻ıק˳ϻ¶ɫֻһ۾͵˭Ҫģ
һҽ˵κҵܵܵҩֻҪҵܵ⣬Ϳ϶κҲҪƱֻҪرĶ
˵ţԼĿڴͳһССĲϣͳһֻɱ˵ĳʬ塣
¿ֻӣ˵Ѿǵֻˡ
˭ǰĸһֻѾɱ˵ĳأӦüֵƣ˭ֻӵʬأ
һҽ
üֻӣİ˹ĵǴĺܣֱӾͰѳӸˣҲѾɲó
Ǳ߶Ѿɢ˻ˣܲٻȥһ˰ɣ
½ӹ֮ĵ˵һᡭʹܻܵȥɡ
һʱܵӦòµġ
ƺһ룬˵Ҳ˲ʱ䰡
߰ɡ˵ɤǶ
ǻġ
ɵᣬڰοһƺĳ
ȻǸȴǰĸ͵˹
˸ǲͻȻʶһɴ۾
ĶЦЦȻķ˹ȥʱ˿̸ŷһֵ飬ǾǸղͣʱ򱻵ȼĽҲͣһ
һֱ¿ʼ߶Ÿǰķʼεȼһӽǡ
͵ĴһץԱߵܵܵ־ƴܡ
ץһ˲䣬ŷ֣¶վһߵĵܵܣʵѾĸɸһ
ûǣĸϷֻҪСһ
ǰԺӣĴ͸磬ֻһȴſţмһôǸɫġư

è̫

ӸҲһ, һû, ҲԺﻹܿһɫ¹⡣
ȽӰһ, ͻʲôˡ
һֱֵطתͷ˿, ͷһ˻ֵطһ죬¾ֱըˡ
ȥûһ֧, ȻֲϷһ̽Ķ, ϵﻹûʲô̫Ķ
ڵ, һһĲ, һһðڷһ
ֶطҲܱü
¼ϵĶ, ָĲҩ, ָķĩ, Ǻӵζ
Щ¼ȫʶˣҲû취
Сֽ, Щҩֱһ, ׼ȥ
Щַһ˿Ȼüͷ
ⶫҲõĿü, ΪͿ
һͼĶ
ͼдŵĶһЩ֣е滭һ, еʲôûУеֱˡ
¿ԴϴŸɴѶҲȥ˵ɣȻһϤĵȻһ¡
ΪôϤأΪ껨ûüȫߵʱסڹط
¿طʱ, ΢עһ£ֻһҲֻˣǺ֣ȥ¿˰죬صŽ˻
ǰߣ濴û󣬵ʵͦռġ
ǰߣȻ˴Ӻһץס·
һ·ǳͻȻϸĸоͺ·סһ
һͻ㹻˻һˡ
ֻ񣬻һѰסֻ֣Ȼ󻺻תͷȥ

ץ·һСӡ
ղžһֱһ棬ô죬ûκСĿ
ͷϵĺһӾðˣܾöû亹ͻȻðĸоˡ
رתͷȻסֻץ·С֡
ץס·ǸСһ˫ڵ˵ӣ˫۾۰׵Ĳֶûж٣ֱֱĿëëġ
ǡ
СӵָոͺȻǰСñ˼£ȻСĵ˵𣿡
СӵĻһ£ûҳ
ʵʵ⣬˵ΪʲôиС
ֻߡСΪʲô·һҲûУ
ͨͨ˵
Сϳĳˣº߲ԣһӱ¶ˡ
СŻµ·Ĵ˳ȻС־Żµ·Ҫ
ԣ˰ҲûʲôչͶŻһҪơ
Щæҡ
С۾Щ⣬ȻҲʲôҲֻһˣˣɵĸüɽϵСһ
ֻܰȻЩæҵĺ󱳡
С˻ͷϴŵǸңͺʣ̣ͷϴǸʲôҶϲˡ
Сͨʲô˵ģôһΪС۾ܿˣȻ˹
֮ǰõ֬ˮһĶԼ˸ױǶζŨС۾ʹԹζ˵ġ
˼ǻ°ѶҴԺζһʼûϳ
תһȦȷ̡пܵѡǰñɵŮСǱŮģ˭˽ӣ
СڻµĲ˰죬ڻǰѶҸ
һץŶңһְסСԱߵһСϣͷطûʲôѹεĶǸСͰڰϵ
ԽԽ飬ʱʱתͷһС
ʱԼһֻСһʵţԼԱ͵һŬİ˸ղǸŮ˵㡭Ҷ೤ʱˣ
ߵ㣬Ҿһֱ㣬һҲûߣСһر𽾰ӡ
м𣿡ʡ
ûССҡҡͷˣѾóʱ䶼û˸ˡ
°ԼҪĶץȻͷǸС˵ȳȥһˣٵһᣬҾͻ㡭
˵žŵߣǸС͵һ˫ں۾
ĺˣˣһֱ˳Ժӣ˵ǿô£ԽԽԶ
ЦʲôͨӰͨĺһûУ²Ųأ߽û
һЦһˣԶȻǸСؾصСϣֱŲ򣬲һû
ⲻûղСһ˰죬ȥʱһץס·¡
˵ǸŮ֮ǰôġ
ԽԽԶ˵һӰûˣǸСһ˹

ڹ֮󣬻ֻӡ
һֱСȻѸղԼĶӻϡ
ղû򣬷ֱӵĽȻǸСǧҪﰡᱻ̵ġ
ʱ˿̣еΪʲôҲˣСҲ»ԼˣƽʱҲûʲôˡ
̣̣С±ԺԵ÷ǳ˷ܣ¾ǸŮƽʱҲʲôʱӣ´󲿷ʱ򶼰Сһ
˵ҲǸŮ˼οڣ⻰û˵
ʰһ£СţطĻܲֻһСòҵ˼ʵ·Ѵ̵ĺʵ˵㡣
Щûõġ̵һʱ˴˵ûתͷóǸĿȫǵŮˡ
Ӻڰ߳˵Сûô򵥣ôԣΪ㵱ɡ
֪ݣʡ
ѡһŮ˵
֪ͦġתͷŮ˵ӦҲ򵥰
ҵûʲôġŮ˵ͷ
Ҳ²£ǵʱҵݶҪʲôĵ˵£Ǹ֮еĳһٱɹɣ
ûŮ˻ػҲûСո̺õĴϡ
˻ᣬŮ˵һ䣬ȻôҲô
ǸҲֻǱһѡ
ʵӦڻүһֵġ
ŶǸɡҲͲżʱ䣿תͷЦǰǻɵģ
ԡ
תͷڴϵСʱȻðһ뷨˵Ȼ˭ܸɣôҲܸɣҲܸɡ
֪ˡӦöɣ
Ů̧ͷ˻¡
Ų԰׵ĸŮһ޵ϣȻ¶һŹֵЦݣЦݺϸϸȴָŮһ޵Ĺ졣
תͷס°Ů˾ôЦһ¡
ɫԽԽԶƺһҰǵĹº
ȻŮ˾µǽ쿪ʼҾˣСԶҲ֪Ѿ˵顣
˵ҵǲǲ

Լ

ׯΧ߰˰˵, ³ʼƬרΪ׼ȥ
ʱִ̫, ֻ﷭һɫ, ֮ͬ, ֻûаɫĶңֻ˼Тñⶫ̫ɥֳ˿鲼˸ɴ
µԼǸɷ˼ȥֱӰǸС
±ڻСȫûиоԼѾ˹ߡˣǸŮˣһСʲô
С档
ʲô֣µͷС˵һС֡
СֱľͳŻׯڵƬط˹ȥǱɾĵ, ûκһǵõʱ뿪ʱ򣬻һȺ˾Ѿ֪ȥġ
, Ӧ׶༪ٰ´ɫĴһվ, аȫС
һⶼûеӣС󷽷ڽֵ, ǸĿȫǵŮ˾ôĺ档
С˵𣿡
ӸղŻ˵ƻʱ, һֱһֿӵ
ԼŵС, ϸƺʲôķ˹
ԼǸСļʾŮ˲Ҫ˵ˡ
Ṧ, µǰȻͶ˼Ű·ˡ
¿ǣǵװ缸￴ûʲôֻͬǼȫˡ
ǵͷڵϣһȦǡþͰѻ¸Χм䡣
±СȻԼеµơ
ղǸڻµһֱ߶ͣŮѾưһڸղŵĻֲֻᣬһֱֵĺǸӣȴȻҪˡ
ǱߡѾ𣿡
˵ʱԵĸоԼǸŮ˵ĲͬȻҲǸӣ˵ɤҪŮĵͳһЩΪһֱѹɤѹϰˡ
Щ˵ӦҲܸܵ˿ϸ΢Ĳͬ
¶Ⲣû̫ġ
ǰŵǸ˵ϲùɡ
ϲùɣȺҲź
ޱվǰзһӣʾȼŰɡ
Ǻ׷һЩòԸϵתģ˵ڸշͳ׷ʱϵʼر
Ǹ´ᡱӦþǸŪһƽ̨Ⱥ˵Ļʱ֪Լ²ûд
طγɷʽ˵رģ˵ǴڲȻȻγɵģΪ˼ˡŮǵĿɬǴڲĶطͬ
»طһʼпֻһ򵥵ķԾȵ֯
ǵĳ͸ˡŮͬЩŮǱЩڽˣˣҹӣŮǿ϶񻨴һ𽥱һ͵֯ΪڷԼ˵ĵһӦ϶Ӧǡ֪
Լںڰ£øָķʽڸԼѾ˵ʵߵ˷֡
߹ĹӱҪԼĸĸ׷ԲԵ˱űԼĶӷ˵ʵӻӳŮ˱ҵһܹԼںڰĵص㡣
ģ˾ͱöģǸʼ֯ˡҲǻҲڻ֮ϻˣֻ֮ǴӦЩһ飬ܹԼһ涼ƬڰС
νػʲôϣڻµУ޷ǾһªټªķͨǸǿĹѹơ
ǸҪǲϵøָĶȥֻҲֻһǿĹܹѹסеķӡ
ȵһ˲䣬˲ֱԭȱѹŵĸַһӾͿ˸󱬷ָĶȨģҲֻɱлСѡ
ҲΪʲô֮ǰ˵ƽʱĻһصԣڲСΪƲ⣬ڵҲȣҪԼ
˵طҲֻһȽϴұȽεĹӶѡ
µθü࣬ȴһʱ˿ʹ󷽷¶ϰվЩ˵ǰ
ڲʲô𣿷Щûһ̧ͷ
±Сر˳ľƹȺˣȻһƬȥȺûһվģֻиǸĿȫǵŮһȺ˳
߹ʱ򣬻תͷЦЦĿһۣ˻۾ɫȻһ㶡
±ڻǸСһֱرԵӣǰûгǸӣĲΧЩԣʮֵʵ
ãǸղſǱڵ򡭡ڵϵǸЩ֧֧˵
ĵ˵Ϊ̫ڣԾͰѵƵˡ
⻰˵꣬ǰʵһ£ԸоԻ·һ¡
кܶӵķһֱͳһģ绨һֱŮ࣬¥һֱɱرôطӦһֱơ
Щһʼı˻˲ϰߣʱһҲϰˡ
ǡǸƺ˵ʲôָɴĶ˻ȥʲô
ʲôûʡԭ˵ʲôһ⻰͵ͷ
ƹô󷽷ƿһӣȻ˽ȥ
ڵＸʲôһ֣Ů˾˹һյ򣬲ҽȼˡ
Ⱥ˵Ƥӵ鿴Щ˵ȷʵеƵ˼
¾оһ㡣
ͷ˿ڴϵˣǻģֻ˹ȥ
ǰЩŪΪʲôأ²²⣬Щ˾͸¥ЩץͨһҪץһӣ
طҲ𽥵찡طδ𽥵ķչһ൱йģĹӡ
˵ûٿֱӳӡ߳ʱЩɹڵϣʼԻʵµͷ
ûԾ
²á
ȻڵͷʹѾ˻εĹ
»˻֣ʾǰĵҲϣҲв˶һ£գǻڻº˵ʩѹ£Χ򶼵
ߵĵƸոձϼΧ󲿷ֻһʵĺڰ֮ʱԶȻ˼˵³ķһۣܾЩ졣
Ǳ˵ҲתͷͿ
վǰһ³ֽˣһźɫ˺һɫ·ˡ
棬˫ס˳Ĭ
¿ǰСֿۣۺĽһ˼֮С
룬Ӧòܱ¶Լݰɣ
ôŵʱСۺȻ˽׼˻¡
ϣºȻˡ
Լʱܱ¶ˡ

ҪۺɫļһԻ·

²̫ҿ, Ϊ֪ս۾
Сۡ¾ôվǰ
һ()ʲôûһ
ʱ˿վ, ˵Сӻеģ֪ȰѽŪȥԼͦա
Сͬ־ᶨɫýƣɻȫĴİʡ
¾Լ˷Сͬ־˿, ˵Сͬ־һֱֵе㺩ھȻģҲͦ׵
ͻȻ, ڻȺҲ΢΢ľһ, ҪС̫, ˵ĸоǹôһ·ɱһ
ʵСۻľôһ·ɱ, ˳Ϻȵġһһɫ·Сɡ
Сɱ䵽Զһ, Ȼ֪ΪʲôĪıû˹, ȻĪľ;, Ī߶˸Īľ⡭
Ī, һ·ϾȻûʲôֵ, ֱ͸ʲôbuffһ
ʱ˿˫ȽϽ, ˵λˮ͵Ĵ
оǶ˫̨Ȼһ˶ܿѷϾѾһͷһ
Сۺͽ, ǵѹ͸ӵĴһ㡣
ʱ˿̻ûʲôԾǵӽԭһ£žܸܵ۾Ļʲô
谵ĿյϣԶĵƹֵ˸ţǰվһȺŰ·ˣվǰһŰ·ˡ
˾ôתͷǣͿһķۣȥֻһƬҰ׵ɫ
üۼľְɫֻ˾ù죬һûеľż
˾ùǣľżĻﻹ˸С
˵Сһôʱ˿̳СȴĹᵽһΡ
ñΧˣȴŻǸСַǼͷƤ顣
ǸڻҲоֵֹģҪ֪ӦҲһûĹѣǸĿȫǵŮ˵˼ϹֶҲôĹʣӦһЩٳɡֶΡ
˻ܹڶʱסЩӣԴﲻһȻǸŮҪȡɣǿ϶˱ͬ˼
¿˰죬Сͬ־е㲻ԡ
ԭΪ˻˼һҲˣܻ˼ɵĴڣݵ΢һ㣬С۵ĳƾȻҲĸܵһ˿ѹȸС
ףСͬ־ϷٶȻͦ찡
Ȼ֪ôģȥ֮ǲҪúõĸ˵һ˵ǸСʱô桭һһԼĽģһ뵽
ɻǻﱧСӵƣ˳һ佭ںС˵Ļ
ûôΪԶ˵ʹ˴ҲᱻֻС˵Сĵ㣬ǸˡΣա
رΣա
ûнһĸо΢ȫʱ򾭳ô˵Žˡ
ߴɫ·Сɵľȣתͷ˵ԭҲ˵
͵ղΪһ仰ƹԣ˵֮ǰСʲôɥĲ飬ŻСôһ²۰
»һ½ڵһμԼʱ飬Ȼ;Լһ㾪ȸжûСС仰ʱʱƺ϶һ˿ͷɫ
Ż£Ѿһ˿̽ɫջµľ飬һӡֻܾĲȥ
˭С۵ʮֵᡣ
ĸһ棬ɳ˵þòû뵽Ѿˡ
ǰʶңС˵
ԣ˵ʶ㣬Ӧ˵㡣˵Ļһһ׵ģ˿ûкߵ˼
ңС۷һЦ˭ʸң
ѽС۳Ӳ˰繫аĻȻ;С̫Ұˡ
һŰѾ͹˾߿Ȼ־͸˵ΥԼ˼
Լֵµô϶ܰ
ڳĳ˻µⶼʶˮλĽ˵Ҷٻе㾴η֮ĵġ
Ͼ˵Ӱ
ɱƬյ֮ԽԽŨڻȺ˴ʱ˿̶һ㲻ʵĸо
ֵӹϵĸоʱ̲ľ
ڻȴֻĿһۣӰԭغȻĻһ¡
ȵӰһȶ֮Ѿһӡ
Χֻιһ磬ƺʲôƺʲôûз
ڳ˺Ȼɴ˫ۡ
¿˿еӣľһֹӵĸо
ʮ֮ǰС۵ͷϣȴѾ
ľһ磬ڳûһʶʲôʱ֣ʲôʱġ
ˮϺպĽͣṦδûĽ
Ȼһ˵ӣı
һʱ䣬ڳ޲
ֻǼ򵥵ľͷģľͷҲǼֵģŵӣӵˡ
ͦãûСͣһ999ġ
ӷԼУƺµİһ£Ȼ۶ˡ
˴ʱ˿ѾˣСۡ
һͷѾȫɢɢ˼ϣոջһһ˿Ľͣʱ˿ȴЩҺ
СԼͷȫɢʱ򣬲ŲѾʲôġ
һʱ䣬Ƭյضʮֵļž
»СղŵĶһͷȥӸ棬ֵĺ˼䡣
ȵڷӦʱһѾͽСק˻ȥСɵȫǾɫûôˣɫҲֹۡ
ֻСһԵģϺٻı顣
ԭҲûôһµģӰҳߵ˵ôһɱɱ硣
ԭصС۹ʵʵǸ˳źͬĵ˵ԲbossҴˣһҪԼʮꡱĻ
ȻСòĻ˵㣿

ţ
ϵЦݺȻʧ
еգͻȻһ롣
ôһ̣һ˫ãȻ۾ǰΪ̫˵̫׵Сۡ
ţţݼһܺٱ
һֱʱ򣬻ɻǷǳֹ۵ģֱСͬ־ı󣬲ͻȻʶСӦӦòǼ򵥵ݼ
Ӧãֻǣġղûϳ
ûϳ
ǡһĴ󰡣
³׾ˡ
С۵ϻżɫսƲסĶ
˿ķӦҲˡһͣȻΪһ˶ֶˡ
¿Ҳĺա
⣬⺢ӾʲôΪʲôôĸо
С۾ȻûϳղĵΪڶϷʵڡ
ҵ뵽ǰСۣɴֱӱ˻ͼС׸һ㣬ԣҡ
˵ȥͺȻԭصֶһĽͬ־
ˣͬ־ͷһûôҰˡ
һתͷͿԼҲһƬ
Ͼ˿䣬̫ܴһŮͻȻһˡ
СɴȫΨµġһŵǻ»С
¿˿ǰֿ˿
ȻĬ˼룬Ȼ͵ˡ
 ˣĴĴ
Ӧ÷ۺɫļһԻ·ġ
ϷۺɫļһǡɴǣħŮǡ
ЦĴһʼƫŮԵĹɵС۶ϤеĻɥĲЦС
µ񣬲ûκεô
԰ҡЦɥĲȴȻֹͣЦõͳ
ϳ

ͻ

֪
ڵ, Ǹ˵һ仰ĻдŨŨϷ֮顣
ǿһֻСèڸ㶮ԼǱŪһ, ŪǸ˿Сè׾־ȵķӦҲЦ

ڳ˶ڻͻı仯ôһ˿Ӧ, ڳ˭ûнʱ˿ܵҪ
ֱˡ
ԼĶǲǳʲô
ȷʵǸϤе
ԭٿվԶǸ˵, Ϊղܾ˸һ޵ϤУϤôҲ벻
ֱǸϤȻ͵ĵͷ, ȻΪԼղŵ뷨²ѡ
ģ
վȺҲֱӵȥ, ֻһֱо, ֱǸϸ΢
ֱ˼κ, ȷԼĲ롣
ľǸˡ
ô
ô
˶ĪĽ֮С
һֱһû, ȥһʱｭΪԼʱüû뵽ȴһط, ˡ
ΪԼֻǸֽԵĻϿû뵽谵ĵص㣬žԺҲͶԷ档
žԺܵһ޴ĳ
ԼԴһƬˡ
Ϊ⼸֤˽һЩԼĲ롣
, ǻĴӪֻʱһطأֻߣֻʱǰһԺͺһЩϸһԭضԼıԺ
Ĳ²̫, ΪһѾһǳµĹˣΪǲһССĹӡ
յĵɫɫˣ
ǹ쾪ֳɫʵĽֵ
ֻһԺǡ
˾ǴģҪʲô
֮ǰŻ㱨ʱʵһЩģģⲻΪһЩԼΪһֱԼ͸ˡ
ܸо˺Σգȴ֪ΪΣա
ڲһЩЩƿصģȻҲ⡣
֪ǵƿطʵ˵ƿضһЩ˵رðΪ
һֱǸˣԽԼռйϢޱĸţֻڻ
ûֻǲҺȷĸԼԻʱĸܣĵЩµĲ²⡣
ŶڻƲҲֻܴӽͻ߻ȡ˻ºͽߵƲ֮ǰѻ涨һܿ£ʱõĵλϡ
ʱýҲĵɹһһжֻ񾭹ˡ
ǱʶȴԼĸоǳȷš
ĵи沢һĹпܱ֮ǰйҪ£µŵ
һֻлôһ𣿽ܾﲻ̫Ծ˵ﲻԾ
ֱ￴˻档
վͬһµĻ档
ϷʣƺڰŮ˵ʮֵ֡
һĳرϤϤ˳ϦദĵزôǼ¾ͻǳס
ڻ˵һŮӦҲһǳ׵飬ոսûпǰġŮˡʲôԡ
µŮ˻һַ
һ̧֣һĶ޹һһ˫ǧٱ顣
һ̧ۣһЦĸоַ顭ڻǰйŮЦţŬԼһչ¶ڻǰ
֪Ǹܿ£ҺܷˣȴҲͬܰһŮݵ޷졣
ͬгֻǳ˵εһ£ɽȴⲢǼ򵥵һ¡
һ仨˽ĿܲǻԼ
Ǹġͻˡ
˶棬ĵϣǸ˲ᷢԼԼһδˡ
Ĺ۲ţҶֻ͵͵Ŀ
ôС˰죬ȻȻһʵʱ˿̣߲ϣǡǰˮϡ
ˮҲһִ״̬
һǳС۵ˣԭȥɧˮˣԣͼᶨƵûҶ
ȵˮʱҲᶨƵĶˮܡ
֮ôΪ֡ˮĺǿǸܡ
ʣʲôһŽĶվǰҪ˷ĵأ
ڽУˮǿĹ۲˰֪ˮܱ洫ġҪǿһЩ
Ȼôǿˮͷɢҵվ˾һһԵĽ˵ֱ˼飬Ȼȷʵ
ԴҲģ⵼ķӦƽʱҪ˰ġ
ԴЩţˮָ֪߳ĳֻ֪һͻȻͳ˽֮ϡ
ȵȣ֮ǰĬĬȻȻ˽֮ϡոջ˵ʲôţ
ʼתԼʱĶСۡ
οĿС۵״̬òƺתôһ㣬ĬĬʱô֣ԷŹǵʱ򣬾˵㡭ô
˵ͻˡĬĬ²۵ŵǸĽͬ־
𣿡µ
ǡС۵Ҵû㡭
ʵڰСʱ֮ǰҲû뵽
¿ŵЩˣҪҪȶ֡
ͦḹܵУȺʱͻȻ䲻ģȻǰǸеֱ˵󵨣û£
ţ
¶ͷǸڵϵˣ˵Ǹ˲ŰôͶɶҲû˵
Ǹȫͷ˶Գľ񡪡ָӲ˵Ůˮǵƽӵģ
ڻ»СӸղŻͻЩãȻʱ˿Աߵ˽лú󣬺ȻͰ»꣬۾һգɴ࿪ʼ˯ˡ
ˮŻ»Сƺһ£¹Сϱ˱㳤ģûУٲúӪҵҾֱתͷȥϵˣðٲûиܴ()ġ
¿ˮֻڶ˵ѽҳС
ˮԭﻹڶţ仰ȴȻγѣƴеĽȻŻ³С
ıǽɲ
綼ˮͷСȴ֪ѵˮĳǻˣǳá
ɲΪģΪ˼·룬ͻ뵽֮ܶܶǰĿ¶
ˮĽͣȻֻǱģСèһŪˡ
桭ڽϵжôֲ

̸

ˮĽ˭, ˵ʲôõĵطģɵ׵ĸһ˵ĺ
ȻĽڶĻǰȴʼն޷ǰһ硣
濴Žƽ, ĺӶǳƽƶʱǸѶûѣֻǰĻȵĺ
˴ʮ֮ˮͣվĶ, ƽ
Ľǲ졣浭ĵ
ǾͿˮϵıһ˿ѡ
һűϣԵôԡ
ں氵ľǰԻʱδûйֵ˼, ϾҲû, ŻһЩ, ̫࣬ڿˮԻʱı, һֺ¡
ҶǼ˺ġˮǰ, ƺͻȻνԼ
ͷ, Ŀˮ˵ǳ, ϸĸһ£һᡣ
ںĽ۸˵ûʲôȽᡣ
, ỹ绨ָϲЩŮ˵ġ뻨ڿЩŮʱ۾г飬ڿˮʱ۾ŵ˺
ˮĶС˵һ仰
˵ֻ»а

Ӻˮͻ̸Ѿ˺ܶ顣תͷߵСɣƺһӵĻʡ
СɵڽҲôʹԽ֣Ҫҡ
ȻһֱˮĵĸоҲûá
ˮûվ֮󣬾ͱǸСתߡ
ЩŵŰ·ҲεվһεӣŻķգȺ˵ӰӶʧںڰ֮С
ȥɡڻӰҪʧʱ򣬽˵һ仰һǾͳȥˡ
˫ֻ˶̶̵ľ룬ȴǸһǵ
ԶĹ𽥵ղŽΪ⸽ôĺڣΧһв֪ʱѾõˡ
ˮôһֱŽվ
ûﵢ̫ʱ䡣
ڻȺ·ʧһ˲䣬رٵץסСɺˮĸ첲׼ǳȥ
Сɻãˮĸ첲Ҫקסʱ򣬼Ϊ˶Ӳˡ
Ȼһֱ˵һĻὩӲһ
קסһ˲Ҳһ£˵ȵˮָ֮󡭡ʸһʲôĸо
Ǽ뿪Ҳ˿ʵ˵Сͬ־ֻȷͦϵģǳʼԤˡ
»뱧С΢װһµģȻһ־ͺˣ;ֲðСӷ£ǾҧӲͦŵ
ҵ̾˿˵ԼʱҲͦҪǻɼ֮ǰԼ˵ֱˡ
˵ҪĲȥĽǣȺŰµˡ
ĥ˰Ǹʲôô򵥵ľͶ𣿹ơҲǡ
ղЩ˵ǰ΢¶һ֣ʱҪʲôûбҪ˼ǸδȺˡ
½һ֮ҹ
дӻׯӳʱ򳤳һӳһһӳģѣǸڻߵİüԼǸڵˡ
гһӳĵһ¾ѣǸ˭
֪һ˫ر𴿽۾
бôһû˵һ㶼֪˭֪ȴߵˣӲİ仰˻ȥ
תۺĻׯ΢Щŵ˵ڻׯӦôˣ
ơҲʲô仯ɡѵ˫ȭѵ֣㿴жˣǸ˻ܴǸطӳ
˵˵Щ¶𣿡ûۣһ¡
˭û˵ؽлˣǷһ飬ԺҶû취Ľˡ
֪˳ϾŶԷģû뵽һӾͳôӣ˵ҡ
û취ǸӲܣѻһͷǱһƬҲ̫ͣˣǣһʱȥһڴӣҪׯﻹŵˡ
ǸΪ
ûеʱǸаһ£ȷʵ
뵽ʱƺ뵽ʲô
ץӸε˰죬ȻԱߵİü˵õģ´ӦҲûϵġ
ţתͷ֪Ϊôģü˵Щ˵ǲںǷʲôõ£ֻҪóҪĶӦòô
üǸո붷һˣԱߵǸڵѾʰԼõ·תһԲľ뿪ˡ
˼ͷûлءüԶˣ˵ҪǸߵ̫Զһ㡣
Ǹˡʲô𣿡ʡ
ѾüˣǰǸ˾ǸһģʼЩԽԽ٣Ҳ֪ǵ뿪ˣĳҲ֪ĵطüʱģˡǸʼʱ򲢲ģ⼸ǿԽԽŹ֣ϵ·ҲԽԽƾɡ
ǡ˼Ҵ·Ҳ˵˼ǻ˰Īľ;ԼøԷ绤һ£üŲ㣬ҲˣһҪˡ
˵ҲԼװԭ·һñӣñӽԼͷϸϸҴãתۼҲһǸڵ֡
˭пǸ뿪İüԭ˵ҵ֪˭˵ƻһҿɲܸ˵
ŶתͷЦЦ˵ɣҸոҲһ£˵ҲһҲܸ˵
ԭ仰ͺȻס
û˵ҸղźȻǸаǸ˭ˣǸ˵϶Ҳ֪
ץӸεӣһ㶼⣬ҲûߣŲԺһ̲סе鶼˵˵ģʱҲ˵ԼղǼ¡
ӣµĹӡ
һϿܸڰϹϵˡôǸһأ
ǽ˾ͺ˼˰
ϴϤĻЦҪԼ뿪ȴȻһ˿˿⡣
һ£תͷѲԼͬĿ˻ׯȼǵһĹ
һ˿ƺڵĻׯĹ⡣

ǿƴ

һĴӰٲɨأż̧ͷϴ۵, ǵ
μӻׯѾȥü, ⼸ʱ, ĳЩѾ˾˵ı仯
Ȼճ˵, ȻҪ, ƺûκεĲͬ
Ŀǰ˵, ²Ѿˣ˵Ǽʮ, Ŀǰûдһ
Щμ˻ׯ˵ڶҲճ뿪, ˵Ҳֻ˯ıһЩڶ𴲣ʲôûһ
һѾɸӵķеڸ, 㼸ڻׯҲκֵĵط
ڻεļڵڶҲ³˴ҵǰ
ƺǶҲϷЩ£Ͼˣɸȫ޹صˡ
Щ£Ӧ, ҼҲϺȻȻĶ
ӦûǶԶĴԹԵ, ҲڻôҲȥҡ
²²ǸʲôˣѾܰ˸¸ˡ
ϸ˵ɾǸ˹ʺ˵, ܹɹĵĿǰϴȫΪֹݡ
ǸĿȫǵŮ˵ΪֹݣԲŻڻĵɱһʵʲѣĳ˸ѹ˵Ĺ
ԲУ껹ǹʱȷʵǱҪúõĿסӵ˼ģɱ¾١
ɵʵͲôܹأĵһǿɱԼʵ
µͽǼֻصãԭǰϣ˵ӹڲǰոùȥǸӡ
ӳҲʱʱ䣬˸СȦԭ
ӣ˵ʱǰӲŽ˼ʱ֮󣬱˵ˣҶ˼͵ˡ
͵˼ҵĻºãɨضʮֵĿģɨվſڣ޲öųܼȦ
ŵɢһɺܺŵתͷڸ
㣬Ǹոġһߵһ˵˺һ㡣
𣿡¿յ㣬˿ķǴԼģŹҩζ
һӵ˵Լǿҽôȥҩأ
ⲻһǴ򣬲һ㣡
㶼㻹ʲô
°İſɨɾȻþưһЩĵط˲תİŹϡ
Ҫ˵ׯǸطʵǲôŵģ׼͵͵İѻ͵ɵǱһ֣İȫԼˡ
ׯÿεľۻᡭҲȡޡ
Դ˻ȤģµҪһ»ᷢʲô顣
øȫһأ

»ȤתҪȥҩĵʱ򣬺Ȼſһײ˸
Ǹ˵Ķ̫ˣҺܼӣæÿһ·öԷ˹ȥ
¿ŶԷԶȥıӰ˵ڸʲôôҲûʲô
ôҲûãֲǻ£ҡҡͷͷˮȵˡ
±ǸûһȤֻԼ£ȻŪŪţȻһ
£и첲Ѿ˵ģæһۣ
æӦһеĻ˹ȥ
ڱĶ֣Ψһֵľǡǡ
ţ˵еĹǿƴ
֣֮Ϊ°ǼͷˣҪˡ
ٲãҲͻһܹ˵Ρ
߹ȥǸ˵ĸ첲ᡣ
Сİû£Ҫ£ܿģһʱŻᶯ֡
ǸǵͿСӦûǸɵӣҲ֪ôԼŪģСԻ²Ŷôᡣ
һ൱аȫеģСȻôɵǺǵ˻µĻ
˵һֻûȻȻɴ֡
ٲ﷢һİ
һվſڵ˶͵͵

ˣˡĿ޵ĲеСѹҸÿǡ
ԱֵĲˣԭڰٲſڵŵҲûסӣſ޸ͣЦã㿴𣡡
ͦ䰡վſڵһ˶Ի˵
֣һ;ḻ
һϴǣһ߲˼ĶЦһ£ϸ˼ۣȻȻϳȺ˵
˰
ӡ˵ͱȽģˣ类Χʱ򣬾˴һ·
û´ĻЩɵġ
ֻһ۾ͼĸǸڿ޵˲ҩûʲôҪȥСӡ
ȱ˵˫ڻʱûκεĹڣйڣɵʱҲֻΪάȶ飬ڻµҲûʲô
ţֻҪ״û֣ȫû
¼ɻԱߵؽĸղſ仪˵ͽܡ
⽾˵°ʦҲǲǡҲ֪һôˣ
վǱߣЦʵ͸¶һ˿˿ΣһǸԵĲеĺӡ
ſվ˲ˣƺͣ˼ӦһȺ·ͽ·ٲþֱӸˡ
ôһ۵Ĺ򣬻ºȻиӱи˵һ£ƺٲĿ޺̽ͷģôһ棬ûһ¡
ܸո̽ͷͷĶޱȣܹĿɫĶһԸЦޱȵİü
׿У˴İü˵
ɫǸûʲôΨһвҲֻ˵
ģ͸Ź˵ɥڵģܺŪסЩС
ʦûءվǸ޸ͣԱߵһ˿ڣҪһЩ
ѽôô鷳Ǹü˵ŻڰˣԻ¿ĸһ㡣
ü²ûп£ֻ߹ȥͷǸСļ򣬡ôأ˻ޣ
ǰ˻һ𣬰üӵĸƵġ
Ѿɿˡ
ʱôĬĬ롣
üô󷽷ҲȷʵЩϣϸ룬ʱǸҲֻ˼ȥ˶ʲôˡ
дŵ˵ϵĿǼǸ޸ͣС뿪һֱͷЦβ
ЦǸСըëˣתͷ˵ЦʲôЦ
Цҵģң
һǸĴ˲˵ע⣬濴һۣҲûݲ潻档
˭֪Լ£һָµǱվŵǸûСڸǳԣһҪˣֱӰȥ
±أ˭֪ôȻcareˡ
ͷۣôһָ˵۹ⶼ˹
ʱʱϲС鷳֣ദôãϵҲˣ㶮ɣڲԼ˲֡
°һ˵ôܣ˵ģϲЦˡ
˵⻰ʱٺƲˣüĿĹǿƴ



Ⱥ֮, ¾ͺƵ, һƵĳԱߵļëӡĬĬؿŻ´չȻվ˵һ, ġȻ͸һˡ
֮󣬻üëӰոǸط˵ĳЦһ
ôСֲ֣ܶҪǲΥ
ɵΪʲô, Ǹüܲµóǰʱȥ˻ׯѹûȥ
˾ȻôһС, Ҳ治±˷ְ
±ҲûѰüϣעܿҲͱɢˡ
ֱʱյǱߴϢ, ˵һɵ˹æ, ׼͵ʱˡ
һʱе, ȴֲ֪ô˵˵Ⱥ˲Ž˰ɣ
ĪĲ, ĬĬش˰, ȷǰ֧Ԯ˾Ͱϵɵˣ֪ΪʲôȻеҭ
ȵյáĿĳԱϵϢʱ, ҭһᡣ
δꡣ
żϵĵصϤĵҡ
ȵ½ȥʱ, Ѿвˡ
Щɫɫģкܶ˻¶ʶЩϳĿһξۻʱˡ
, ϶һߣʵֻż򵥾ͼߡ
˸طҲһߣһŬԼúۡ
ԭΪǿĻǰοǸͷȥ֮󣬲ŷվ˻ˡ
ʢͬһߣ»ǵһ۾ϳ
ʱǽеºѲ쿴ϵһŰǽйӦòô򵥵飬ʢˣӦǸͦҪ
ʢ˵ĲˣͶǷԸ˽顣˵Ӧö˵˸ˡǰæġ
ʱæȷʵҲǰһæԷһǻҪһȺǷһЩݿɣǡ߻ħˡ
̧ͷײĿʢһۣŶһ
üҪ군
Ҳ벻ŻСĿôһ֯ɡ
Щ˵̽鲻ܷϣֻ˽½Сʢ˵ϾҲ޳ģΪ̽Ǿͺǵġ
ֲҪĿȥЩ鲻ŸЩɵ˵Ŀ˾ûʲôҪĵˣϾڷǱߵġ
ŪȺҪʲô΢΢˸סͷ˼ʱ򣬺Ȼиʣ֮ô죿ܻᷢһ˵ġ
ʱõʢ棬Щɵͳһھֻ˵ǰμһģ뽭Щ֪ЩʱҲࡣһЩͷ⣬󲿷ֶΪμġ
˵֮ƺʲô²һ䣬ˣٰ˴Ӧöʶ
ӡ

»ذٲõ·ϣЩȻΪνûʱڼŪǸʲôᡱΪһĿԱҲʵ˵ģƽʱȥ̽һ¹ʲôҲˣнæɡ
죬ȷʵ֡ĿĹģڲ֪˺ܶ࣬һοʱȣ屶ҡ⣬ͻֻˡ
ǲ֤ŶڷԽԽˣߡһƬӵԽԽˣ
ڳĳ˻Ŀһ⣬ļĿһûд¹ԼݣڽͻȻôҲûбֵ̫档
˸ֵĲ롪ȷȺ֪֪ĿһĴڡ
Ⱥ˵һȺεġĿ
˳һᣬȺпһǡĿһģҲͬʶˡ
ƽҲڡĿϴһɫߡ
˰ٲú󣬻·˾ȻڣڸһȦҵһ̽϶ĵطǱһ˶ء
үŮӰΧһǽ
ֵĳеĸ￪ǰһ˸ƤӰϷƵģ඼еģҲڽŹȥһۣɾͿǣȺſ֡
ȻѾ߸ˣûȺУҲԵе
͸˿ʱ򣬺Ȼͱ˴Ӳһһعʱȴǻ°
°ɽ˺˳ڴҲ²ղŲСʱִȥʱﲱӵģˡֻϧͺͶ̫ԣûºź
濴һ£ȺڸʲôˣԭǶڿ˴ܡ
ܵҲ㲻ʲôֺõˣ֣ƤӰϷɺˣ߲Χôˡ
һΪʲôء²䣬ȻֱֱĶǱߣһ£С˵ԭϲǸ𣿡
ûС˵ţ۾ȴǶţ¶죬ȷǿķǡ
ôСвֵġ
¸統괳ʱʲôģȻ̧ͷʡ
û뵽ͻȻôһ⡣
ҲǱԵʱ˿𣿡
³Ĭһ£ش⣬ȴԼ֪˵Щʲô
ҪʵӦǱҪϼΧ۵Ӧʮ𲽡
ΧԲΧôү
ЩµȻ˵ڡ
ĬһᣬԶ˼ֱӰѻ˹ȥ˵ûµģ¸ûȥ¸Ҳرһˣ
ǻллôҰµ
ĪеǱߴ󣬾͸ٲõǻӡһر˵ðǽ˰
Ź˵ûУӦǴɳģǲ֪
԰·İɣǰѵһ
Ҳѵһµ˵һʱ仹ٿء
˰ٲãûãһֻӴӴڷ˽䵽˴ϣӵϰֽ
°ֽϢӣֽȼյˡ
ΪӡڰĿˣЩ߻ħˡ
˰ܵһʶһӦ䵱ġ
Ҳû˵ʲôԼŰ˼
͡кֿܶԲİ취˰

ˮ(

ʱ, ٲúΧľҲһʼЩ˵˷ܲѣ˺ڵĲ
ڽǰҩ˵ʱ, Ǵ, ƼһǵƳķд
֪ǻµĴôŵģǰ￴纮ȷʵǼˡ
Ϊ纮˼, ԰ٲȫȫİѾȺȭߵĽϡ
Ⱥһʼȥˣ⼸˱ϸ磬ʱʱͶſ, Ⱥçһ, Ͳͣһ𣡡
ɴ˿ɼϴĶǽԶġ
ͣôܱçأ
ͣ˴С𿣬ιһС, Ȼֺķ˳ȥ
ںԺ, Դ￴Ƚ֮, Ҳûȥչ֡
±ȥ, Դ֮ͺһȤûһ
ûеãȻ, Ҳ㲻ڵСӵ׶ʲô
Ӧ˸߲ҵĳȥ𣿱Ͼ˵ӿҲǼٵġ
Ҳ𽥵Ľ˻ׯ
ׯׯͷòƶûʲôȤҲԸװɱ˵ӣڻİԭڻׯγɵ֯úͻׯûʲôϵ
γɵ֯һ뷨Ҫɿ϶ԭׯЩ, ýûׯЩṹ
ҲõģɻǰרŪ˸СӣϿΰάСӣʵǴЩͷģû¾ڻϹĵˣڻȶͱûʲô¸ˡ
°Щʱƹׯһʼ뷨ȺǻڡҲǡˣ˻ׯҲȽ׿ơ
˭֪ȺΰάСڼ˻ׯ˻Ȼһµı仯Ҳûׯطùֵֹģַպᡭ

·ŷС׼ȥȡҩģ;иպ·һϤ̯
ŴԱ·ͺãȴƫƫһճײ˸š
¿۳ˣЩȵ˵㰡ôˣ
´˸·Դ˵ץҵЩ˶ʧˣʱûʲôˣԾܳˡ
ǶһǰģûлƽҲû֮ǰǸӸѡ
Ĵһͦ˧ǸСӸ絽ȥˣôֱԵһ̬Ǿͻ˸⣬׼ˡ
ûͱ·סˣ·ɻĻµ֪ûʲô
ʲôɻʡ
ķзǼ¡·ʱкܶ཭μᣬʵΪ˵ߺȻħ˵ĺۼ
û˵µ˵
𡣡·ЦǺǵ˵ΪϢ֪ͨͦϢء
źüû·ˣͻһμʱûʲôɴؤ·ϴЦ
ʲôϢ֪𣿵Ȼǳ
ֻ뿴·ҪЩʲô
·Ҳ֪ǿ˻µ˼û˵˵ħ̵ˣǾҪʲôأ
ͲˡµȻ˵ǽϣҲλڷĵطħ˹Ҳûʲôɡ
·˵꣬Ȼͷ֪˼ʲôһᣬ̧ͷ˵ƽ˵мھֶ԰ɣ
û뵽ͻȻô˵
ʦȥһЩ˶˭ǵĿʲô
˻ᣬϾͽͷĽɫУֻǵڽе󡭡
ڽ⡣·һ˵һ߾ʹԼͳһƱݸ˻£¿ƱȻͲһ¡
֪ͷֶζ࣬϶ܴܶ顣·ԶһҲݵеĹҲ֪ûǮǲῪڵģҲûл˹ص˼
¿۱ݵƱոµһţдһǧ˻һ
ͷؤôǮ
Ʊζ۹һ·ĬһϢġ
Ҹô㣿·
ǰߣһꡣµϢֱӸǼҵ곤ˡ
ǰǼꣿ
·ĥһ£Ǽ֪һңһֱĽֶΣ⼸ʱʱ·
û뵽Ǽ꾹Ȼǻͷģ
ûж˵ʲôת뿪ԺϵЦĵ
·ĿǰʽЩⲻΪǰʱһСȥ˻ׯĳЩܣΪֱϸܵİӿ
νġħֻ̡·̽¿ڷĽڣʵϰϢһܿµķӡ
Ǹ¹Ź֣ƺһܹصĶ͵ǰ׷
˵֡ôһ˵ʱ·Īľ͸ֳǰʱڻׯǸźڶҵˡ
һֱԷʲôˣûӳǸطȴļǵ뿪ǰĪһյ
ǵûׯӦûеģׯӶ̨ͬȴһ֧û㡪ڹЩֵǡ
֧򣬾ǲġ
·ȷʲôȻһֱ׷йڹӵ飬һЩӵϸվǲô˽⡣ȴǵһϸڡǸźڶҵ˵УһйһԶƻͨĵطġ
ǸطҲһ˿ʵĸо·ڶԹôʱ̽Ҳֱ治Ǹ˵ľ滰ǼٻˡôһطһһׯȻ෴ĵط
·Ҳ֪Ϣ˭ȥģи²⣬ȥҲһȥ˻ׯˡ
ϴŵǸصĶʲô
·鶼˷и˾Щı󣬹һ̶ˮ졣
һǺܾǰһģǾйڽ¡ʱԼǵúڶǸһȥĻׯſͬʱµĳ
価΢Щģˣ·ξٰǽʱﻹһ¡
顭ôɺ
ͻȻֵһӣôԭʮֻǵľ棬е˶ʼ档
ֹͷ·ȻһԵúܵҲͬżȴʮ־˵ˡǸ˱֪ʲôģ·ܾӦ÷ǳ
õ˶Է죬ֶ׵
Ǹ˻֪Ϣ·Ǹ˽ӹƱ˿ڴûʱͺȻһ˿ڴ
˿һֺܿɿĸоȻʲôû˵·ֱϾΪһ֪ʲô
Ҫ·˵ô꣬Ҳٿˡÿһϻٶе汾¡
иһЩ벻Ľأ



ʲôֵ𣿡һ, ʰʱţƿţͿһŹٷĲ졣
æҡҡͷ
쿴ۻµ, ⸽̫ƽֵ˼ǵһҪϱ
˵ŵ뿪, ¿ԶȥӰ˼һᣬš
ʱ, ɫ
Ҳ, ڲġǸԡ
ôд˵һķأǰ˼, ϢǴģ
˶ϲЩ֪ĴС, ĴԸǵĿζһ֪¸ĳˡһëǮĹϵûС
¸ҲЩԺ, 춼Ѿмɵ˹ʲôˡ
ŵĸֻһһĽ, ֻҹæάһΰ, ûаѴҸȻƭȥץΣյķӵ˼
ô˵ȥ, ŵ˲֪м
Լ˶ñ˴֮᧿Σ, ˫һֱһԵȵλ, ͨɴԹٸŷ֮, ΢е紵ݶ, ҾͶܾһ

ͷҪȥ̽һ¾˭Ϣ
ٲſڵǿôϣվһ׳֦ϣ, һ֦Ҷڵס˱Ÿ˵˾仰
ҪáǸ𣿡ʡ
бҪʱ͵áǸ˵⼸ٸˡʱҪӴһ£ٸǱߺߵ̫һԸһЩҪǱ¶Լݡ
Ҷ
Ǹ뿪ˡ
ϣͷͣҡε֦Ҷߵ㣬һᣬʹ
ӿģȴͦУ޷ҲͲһ·顣
˭뵽·Ȼôһһ߸ķӣһԵĳ
µȻ֪ΪʲôΪΪһ⡱ݡ
ҪʱݻΪһߣŸȼߵʸ
ô˵еƣ͸һеǮû°·
컪·һǧӣҲ˼ĺŪôúŪôµ˼
Ǽ֮ǰĻ£Ӧ·Ҫ󻹻е㼬֣ΪһھҲ˵ƾġ
⼸Ļ¡ȴܣ
û뵽.jpg
°ͣƽ·ǶһصĴΪиܴھ֡
ԭ¶ڿھֻûʲôȤģͷպþôһˡ
ԡǰʱոհ·˸Ļׯˡ
Ǿϻδ갡
Ī˵㻵˼·֪Խӵʦǻׯˣ᲻޿
ðɣҲûʲô֪
֪ԼƺܿҲҪˡ

Էʱ򣬻´ӰٲһᣬͿŵǼҿջ˼ˡ
˼ӣȷǼӦǹٸˣǱֵĻͦ͵ģ껪½ȥȫʱ࣬˼Ҳ۵Ŀջ
ﻹĻһһŶջĵַסܸ
ַǸŴͨǾ͸ˣ»ǰһ뻪½ĵص㡣
¿۹ȺˣԴһģһȺСģüȥȫһǹٸˣŵ˻֪²Ҫױ¶Լݡ
Ÿ֮Ĺϵⲻ֪ٸ֮Ĺϵ
طӦͬģʵϲǣΪʲôϴλȥٸæʬǴ˸ҵԭ
ڷϣ͵͵ļ˵иͱȽϴ˸ıߡ
ǸͱȽϴܵͳҲһ˿ɳơ˵ʱԽԽˡ϶Ⱥ˸ĹͻȻۼ϶ʲô¡
֪Щӡû˿˼ɡ
еһصĺ˽ǣȡǵΣǸû취ҵǡ
˰죬ݶЩ˯ʼնûа취۳һͳһĽ
´˸УȻС鲻ȫʱ䶼ӳʮƻˡ
иӡڻЩͷߵʱǸ곤˺Ȼ˵һ뷨뷨Σգʱ˺ܾãҲֻܹЧˡ
û£˵ǶȽġ
ǾǸ곤ߵǡѡһ߻ħӡȥ̽һ̽ô
ţ
ţ
ݶ϶ˢһӾˡ
ԼĶ䣬ΪԼˣǷ˼󣬷Լû
а˵Ⱥǰ;
ôŰķˣ
ðɣԱи΢һԥ
ûʲôõġǸ곤ߵҵľͺãЩ߻ħ˽ˣȥʡ
˵ź͹ٸĹϵܱ޼ʲô֪Ѿʼˣ˴˻˽⣬ǻ֪ҪԷٶ
ǸС塱ϸƷ룬˵ˡԵ׵ľǸ˧ˡ
Ƕ˶ʲôӡ
еΣաȥܷĵ㡣Ǹ곤ߵʰһ£ӽ쿪ʼǲҪҽвͷžͺãʲôɵģ˵ǰ¹ɵġ
Ҫȥװ𣿡иŮ棬뿴
ҪɢԣҪɢԵˡСһ㣬ÿһ˶пɢԵˡ
ݶ⼸ٸ˵ļƻһֲ֪Ǹÿ޻ǸЦĸоϡ
ǷҲ֤ŽĿļƻǷǳȷģЧķ
Уʰʰһȥһߣһ¸ô˵
⼸˳ӣԼҲݶ·Ǽǰߡ
·ϻ¸Щ·˰ٲãȺи˿۰ٲ˵ﻹмҽݰ
óῴǰǼˣĿǸơС塱ͣ˼룬Ǹ˳໹ͦģ۽»һŸոջ롣
ڼİһӵĽɫ¿ĺȺ֮УȴǻһЩСͣȥԼĶ䣬ǱӣٲĴĿţһֲֵĸо
ΪոհݣĶĪĴһɲЭУ¶˿Эһ۾ܱϳ
Ҳûʲô£ͷҲûϸ
µȻĴԱ߹ϻŰٲõҩݰɢһɰĵ㡣
ǸСƴץżͻص˼һۣװһצ
ĸоû̫񾭲ĸоǿ˵㡣
µʱվԱߣ۽µǿź뵭ļ壬һ̯˰졣
֮צС壬ᡣ
㣬뿴һ


ζ

ǽ컹Ҫȥ°ͿǰС
ûа취, ǶҪȥǾֻܸųȥ𡣡ǼС˵
˼󣬻¸ǰ⼸СﶼĺˣȻҪ鹦ڻúÿԵʡ
ٲǱߵĿջҲûжԶ˫ն, ǱߵСǾ֪һƢܺãĵԱ
˧統Ȼ˰, Сû¾ٲתһȦ
û˵ȫʱֵµЩû¾ͳȥŮĳ桭һģһ
ҪǳȥĻǵòҪԶߡµ, ߻ͦΣյģڽй䡣
ǲиЦ˳, ǡ
Աߵһһ£ͱ졣
̬Ⱦܺ׵ĸܵĵĸоҲûٶȰ, Լ˼ݸǵ, ҩݰϲĻһϡ
𣿡иһ£ӹһ, Իµл
Ļ, ǲҪˡµ
ţΪʲô
ΪҪΣһ㡣

µĻʵģ˵ǰʱոƿһׯⰵﻹжٷȫ֪, ׯҲֻǸЩṩһӻˡ
ЩĴߣװɷߣȷʵǺΣա
Σյǻ»ں汻ǲƨȥ
ʱ֣¿ǹȻֳȥˡ
Ⱥ˲ûĻҪǳȥҲز
еĻƵĴӿڴͳһСӣŷһССļ׳档
Ǽ׳ɳҵ˷һһƵķ˹ȥ
Ҳ͸ǳӺ棬Ƶǰߡ
Ҫȥģ¸һ˼ĵططԼĶ٣ԼȻط
Լϵװܹϵͳ׼õĺڶҴͷϡ
˲֪೤ʱ䣬ķǰһЩӵµüͷ΢΢ӽ˽Ų׷˹ȥ
⼸ʲô𣿡ǰЩһһС˵
ǶûǱץһˣȻǴ˵ϢиС˵
ϸ
Ǳ⼸Ҳһֱץˡ첶ϽѲߵʱ򣬸һھƹȶ˷ƷġǸΪǸͨǸ˳ųžͺȻһ¡
˵ԼʶķзǸӡ
ţԱߵļ֮󶼲ĻعͷʶǸӣôܣ
ǸӲǸڵôܻ˿أ
ŵҲú֣Ͱ˴ȥ˰죬˻ûϹ˵ȷʵһطһķӡ
Ҳ̫Żأ˵ϢٸǡǸͷ˵ǸӺ񡭡Ǹźڶҵˡ
˹ˡԱʲô̸һôƾվðһ˰
֪˵ǸŵʵҲܺǸ˵ģΪ˵Ǹ˵ʱ򣬻Ŷ
ͷŶҵĻںĸţľһַĵط
ģ
⸽ֵû¼ΪԼʲô̧ͷһȴǣһĲ֪СԽ֡
ֿһӣ껪ִʱ򾭳ȥ緹СԽһֱûִԽһεĴ
ѽʲôʱ򻹿һֵ
¸մսᵽζζ߻š˻˻ը
Ʈ˴ͱζŨζв˵ڶ߸нУƺкſˡ
ڹ֮ͻȻҵôСԽֵص㣬ƺǲлᣬܴһ棬ϾطҲͦʺϰٲǶСԼġ
û¾Ҫ֣¾ǶΧľˣôСԽȴû
˵Աڼ仹ֵطǲ̫˵㣿
ôôһСԽְ
ǰǼŵҲС̸ţǸСС塱С˵ʶ˼߻ħˣ˵ҪҳԷطҾʹǹˡ
Ǽ˸߽Ϳſվ˺üˣǺæ֣ߣ
𣿡СļʣС˵ͷ
ͦʱСһЦЦӳûͦʵģȺ˵ǿȥɣҸһӷ͵ˡ
˵ֽг¿ɣЦʱǱ׼ũСӵĸодһֳϡ
˿С⼸ˣȵ˵㻹ôѹԭ׼ķܾҪˡ
û£ǲ׳԰׺ġСҲЦЦ
С˱鶼ôһ֣ƺȫû뵽ԼĻôһϢĵط
ǵ綼ŤģǵʽȻҲͻùŹһ㡣
ֻǰطֵӣⱾһֵˡ
¿ɿҲʲôӵӣ˵ĸо̫ʵˡ
ҪΪʲôȴҲҶ˵»ŵǰС塣
Ǽ˵˵ЦЦľͽֵСҪ̤ǸӵĽʱ¿ɺȻ㻹ǲǵ֮ǰĻ
ţǵáС˵ͷ
ԷһҪǮԵóԵĶʱҲҪʦ̯ԺͲҪȥ̯ϹˣԽ̯Խóԡ
¿Ҳ˵ͷתͷûٶ˵һ仰ֱӾ߽˽ֵ
Ǹȥҵ̯ϡ¿кǡӵģҴС͸ѧˡ
˽Ӷֵ̤ոսǹͼġ
ըģ̯ģ⴮ģġ
·ųֻ׳ԭεģһζƮ󣬾ͻȻɥʧ˷һʼԭشת
Ѽ׳׽·ŽԼĹȻ̧ͷ˿ǰСԽ֡
ۿſֿڵǸ̯һĵطǸĻ㣬˵ǰѻ֮棬ɵģѹģġ
ϵĸһֱرԻµθڣһһЩ
˵ȻѾˣǻȳԵ㶫ߡ
뷨ҲӦڳġԱͬ־ҲĲСԽ֣Ȼɿĳ嵽Ǹ𻨸ĵطϰһ𻨸⡣
ϡ
Ǹúϰֽ°һĸ㣬Ҫһ롣½ӹʱ򣬶Ҫ˫š
ô󷽵𣿻ĪЩܳĸоóһ㣬ƿһ㶷ң΢ĳһ㣬ڼǶ˶һֻķ㡣
ôǸϰЦŶԻµҵգҵģȥ棬ԳԲֿڸеġ
°һ£ҧһڣڼƺ˵̶ÿڸһ˿ɳɳĸо
⻰ϣ³Ĭһᣬ˵ͷϰţҲڶƿڸеˡ
ġ
滹һ˵ζ

Ũ

ζһѾĸ, תȵˮڡ
֮ǰ, ζ, ²һζģζġȴû뵽ܻԵȲζġ
ȻⶫǲȲҲһѰٲҩߵ˼ӽȥ˵Ҳζ
ɳɳĿڸУ滹ʲô¾Ͳϸˡ
ΧľɫЩ಻ķﶼЩŹʱԱߵǸڵ, ˵ĸó𣿡
ţתͷȥ, Ǹϰ۾ֱĶ, ϵĶͣˣֻһһĵŻµĴ𸴡
Χ̯ǶҲԼͬҲڶ͵͵߿һֱֵôʱ򣬾һȺǶ˻¡
ôʲô롣
ĪԼԼҲԲȥ, Ծͱˣ

Ǳŵļ˸Ǹ¿ɵ̯λ, ̯λһ׷ԲԵ
ͷܰˣڷҵƮ, һ˻ȷʵһͦľ
һҿϾɵС̯ӣС̯ӵֻɫĴֲһ, ſӵһССĻзһСС
СЩ˹ȥ¿ɸÿ˶裬Ȼк£ǺˮĲȱڵģǺ˿ˮ
㲻ɬŹֵζ
Ǹ˺ڵζһζȻ˵㶫
̯ӿʮƾɵӣոպȵǿڲζȷʵ̫ã΢ŵΣ˵˵ҲֻĻǵԽΪʲôôˡ
СڻڰһӵĽɫϲʲôļ˻ٶһЩͬ顣
һˡ¿ɶЦתͷһۣкܶơǱڸס˱飬ȥЩ˵ľ
û˵ʲôǳ¿һֱرкЩ
㵽Ǵôһʵ˰Աи͵͵С塣
СϿźᣬʵҲеΡ
ôôҵһأ
ȫŵġ
СҹأȻͿ߹ȥôһϴźģøʵСӡûͿԷȻתͷʣ𣿡
¿ȷʵʵ˿һӣǿź⣬ϾҲҲκһйصˡ
¿ɶСǸ飬һ۾ͿǸķӣǲʲô鷳
С͸¿˵ԼȷʵģոزģҲ֪Ĺء
¿ɾظˣȫԽСЩ
СоеĪȥͺͷĸһᣬ˰죬ǾСӴһ򽻵
ܶ㲻¿ȷʵЩˣץӵġʲôķӶһ
¿ɡĿʲôµĵط
Ҫ˵ʲôΣա书ᰡ
ʲôطӵİ
˿˰ʢãΡΡĶ˳ְͣĩһĶСʢðԱߡ
¿ɸ⼸˰Ȼ꣬һ˵ӡ
һкһʣأ
ǸƺǳĬ˰ΣƵϺȻǴһ˿ãȻһֵͷʲôû˵
԰أ¿ظһ顣
ƫͷƺʵԼеһ΢΢Ťôһ˲䡣
¿ɱűˣû˿ı顣
һҹ紵˹ɫذˣǸɫСҡ˼¡
Ǽҽصصô𣿡¿̧ͷ۶һҵ̡
ǼӦѼӵģľѾŰˣһյƶûе㣬ϰҲӦǻ˼ҡ
šǸƺǲôϲ˵ӣһ㶼ǵȳ¿ʮ仰ܴһӣ¿Ҳ⣬ƺദʽѾܾˡ
ߵĿҲԽԽˡ¿ɵеʧ䣬˵⼸Ǳ߿ıȽϣǿҹС
ҹУڹŴҲ˵ܿģҪٸһŴ϶רŻһطСǶȥ
Щʢ㣬ҹҲͻῪ׵㣬෴ҵôٵĳҹҲô׿ġ
ڹŴ˵ףڳ¿˵仰̯֮ϵļϻȺ¶˹Źֵɫ
ʲôϣţ
Լŵ˰ȫ֪иҹһĵط
ڳļ˸Ū˰죬ܿͱ¿ɶ˹תעû̫࣬һﲻͬ˸ͬҲġ
СǿеȻݵĲѺȣĲġ
̰ɫƮ飬˴н֭ȥȣкͽ̳ģԲõĻԵټһͣȥֱ˰ͷȥ
ŵζö˻һۣ˭ҲûȺȣطôһŨֱǹ͸¶Ż
Ҳ֪ûмʲôŹֵĶҶ̫ҵһ¿
һɡ¿²ĸƼҪǼȽƣҵúȵˡ
ҲΪ˳ԷġСһ£Ȼٳԡ
˵Ӳ㣬Ҳ˳Ʒе롣¿Ҳȫûӡ
˰ѺƾɵǼ˵ʰɡ
ʡСԱߵǸͱȽϴĸ˵û˵иرķӰ
رķӣ¿ɶԱߵһڣƺǳԵһǣͰѹͷĸ֨֨졣û˵
ǸӺġ˹úܵͳ˵˵˶
ۡ¿Ц˳ҹöͦõģҲûʲô˵ôܻẦһķӣǶ£Ϊǿһ
һϸϸľ׽һ仰
ôһ
벻Ҳһ¿ɺȻ͵վյСǰֱĶʡ
С屻䲻չĳ¿һ
ų¿ɵı飬Ȼǳ棬ƺڶϵÿһϸ΢ı顣ʱ˿̵ıҲһ˵˷ܺŤ
ΧҲһҪվ
¿ɶС壬۾Ѫ˿ˣı鼸ҪˣСԴҲһƬհס
ʱԱߵ˰һ£пܲ㶼άֲסӵ
𣿡ǸͻȻʣǾ˵ĿǰΪֹûʲôķˣ
еġ¿ɻվʮֿ϶ҡҡͷ ҡ
ǸתͷĶС˵˵ǼٵġǸźڶҵ˸û
⻰ЩûͷûβģС巴Ӧ˼룬ȻʶӦ̨£æ˵ԣԣĴڶҵˣõʱǸƹ˵ô棬ƹĻš
һһͣϽ۹ȥȴû¿ɺǸڰ˺ȻͣеĶֻǽӲĳߵķ˹
ķȻˣǸװóصһ



¿ɺǸ˾һĽӲ, Ǽ˻ŬĲ, ʱһȻȻķֵĽӲ
ֽӲ͸ոյͬĪľͻ˲, ˶ڱǣʱ˿̾ͻ˲ʲôӡ
ʶհӦǷʲôŻͻȻӡʲôȴͷԡ
ղǶˣܾ˺, ˸ղų¿ɵı, ˻⡭һ, ͻȻ֣ǲ֪ԷʲôʱȻĬġ
˺óóʱ, ƺѾˣ¿ɺȻ, Ϊʲôȣ
ǡ˶һۣϾͺ, Ǿǵ, ղǺ񡭡Щ
ûʲô¿Ͼ˵˵ô죬һõĸоóһ˿Ρ
ǣǾͳиŮС˵Сһ, һ, һڣ֮ϵı齥ı
ôԱ˿СŹֵı΢Щ, Сʵ
СƷ˼룬Ȼеµ˵ͦúȵġ
ôһ˵Ҳ¶˹Źֵı飬ҶòúȲģúȲǲġ
ǸĸҲһڣϴŽⶾҩһĶܽ⣬ᵹȵĸɴ䡣
¶ǺҲζ
ˣûʲô£ϴϴЪ°ɡǸ˵˵
ǡϾ𣿡ԱиСš
仰Сı˸ˣһʰ꣬һ˵ȥԣҪȵˡ
̧ͷ˿ѾҪµ̫ϵʱһҪţеΣգ˯ºʲôҲҪš

Ǽһ˺ͳ¿סĵطС̯ĺ棬ⱾһСķá
˺ͳ¿ɵѾȽƾˣһԣһԺһͷһССĲ񷿡
ԵĵطȽϴ󣬲ԭǳ¿˯ã˺ܶ࣬˺ͳ¿ɾͶȥ˯˿ͷ
ԵĴӦòһסģԺ󣬾ʹû¿ɵ
ԭӦŮֿסģЩ⣬˭ȥ˯Ǹԣһ£Ӳȫԡ
ŹֵΧдľˡע⣬ûУǱˡ
Ĺֱ˾棬ȻĿʼס᲻ᱻ
ﻹһЩõĶŻЩɵĴ챻СתһȦȻ̨ϷŵǸʱױкͭ
ױǺľ񻨵ģһֻƺǶ֮½ϵģױѾɵļûʲôˣĺܸɾ
ǸŮ˵ױ񣬵ҲиŮ˵ӡ
˵ôͻȻôأ
ûʲôˣҿСһ°ô¡ǴôҲ벻
ҾǸźڶҵʱűֵġиŮЩԥ˵
ʱǸ¿ʲô˵벻һ곤ĸü˵⻰ʲô˼
˼һԱ˴ȷʵͦ˵ģ֮ǰĶ񡭡żҲЩ֡
ʼնһ仰Ƚ⡣
˼ȥţҪȥ
ţԱڵģղǸ˲˵ǲܳȥ𣿡
һֱš˵ˣ淢ʲôǶ֪Ҳ˯ҵҪΪʲôǶҪȥ
Ҳȥ˸˵꣬¿Ҳվ
͵͵ĴţľĴһƬ֪ʲôʱе̯̯һƬ
ǱͬҲ˴ӣ澿ʲôӣƵû㶼֪
ʱüЩ䣬ڸһֲֿĸоʹٲ⣬Ǹ˵龯ҹҲе㾪㤵ĸо
СĳߣŵģϢʱȻصһˡŵú
תͷһղŷģǹſڵǸСӣһŰ壬ƺװ˺صĶԲŻ᲻ͣķ˵
ջߣס飬͵͵˿ͷ˴ӿڴͳһͲһĶ˴ǰľϡ
ԼԼĴ˳˹Ȼû˯ڻ졣
ôᵽһźڶҵˣ¿ɵ洫˳
ŨŨĲ
ǸһֱڰοҪ£ûˣǶǺ˵ġ
Ǻ˵¿ɵĴ˿Σ˵ǵôǵһˣ
ǲݵģ߸ߵģһѵ
ûˡֻһֱظֻεʱ˯ͿˣܾǰһֱһЩֵΡ
ǡ𣿡¿ɵҲıòȷƺԼļ䶼ôȷˡ
ΪԼļ䶼ǺʵģҲֲ̫ʲôʵʲôõġ
㿴ڲ𣿡˵ȻľһֱĵһظȻڻģǸŶҵ˾;ǲڵġ
¿ƺǽ͡
ĪΪʲô¿֤Ǹҵ˲ڰ֮ʲô߼
һᣬ¿ƺǻ˹أˣȥˣ
ȥˣںú˯ܿͻˡ
ſڵ˲ԼͬĶһۣ˴˴ӶԷ۾ﶼһ˿ȡ
ǸŶҵǴڻǲڰ˶Ժˡ֮ǰǻԥն˵ڣǵزԼҲ˵׼
ǣ˺ӵ˵ǲһģǸҲûȫǸӵĻ˵εġ
ǸŶҵ˾˭Ǵĸðģ˰˼⡣
ʣµ˺С嶼ûôϸΪƺ˽Ųҽһ˹ȫס˺ĵ˺һǵǵĽ»
˳ȥһۣŵģƺһŮˡ
һɫ·ɫҲɷ׵ģһյֽ淢Ұ׵Ĺ⡣
ˡ˵ŵˣСһĲ˼顣
Ӧǡ˵˵ͷǸŮҲһŲӡ
Ҳ˵Ů챾٣˵ҲûһѲֻᴩТһ
ֻĶһۣĵظǸŹֵġ족ҪĲ쾿ôġ
ǳţԽǸһֱСӣڳȥʱǸӻڲͣţС岻̧ͷȥȻδʧĹâУ͸ӵµķ϶ǸϸɺԵѪ

Ǹ

ʲô
˵ĿⶼϵǸ, Ҫ˵Ӵ˭Ҳûа߷ŵ棬ΪѪķµġ˭֪濴Ȼӡ
С˿ڿˮʱͻȻЩȥϸ°涼װЩʲô, С״ûѪǰ˵װǸܲѪ֮ܲƭԼܲҲѪ
ѡ, һǰӴװһܲȻˡ
һ£ǰӹǿѹëëĸо, Ѱ͵Ĵ򿪡
װĲԭǸ
һ߰Ľ
˲Լͬ˿ȻüͷȥŽ
ⶼʲôʲô͵͵ķЩһ߷񻹵һСͻȻ
⿴ǡһҩ˰Ψһƽһֽ˳, ¹⿴˰, ǿϳдʲô
ȷʵһҩ, ֻҩдĶЩ֡
ҩдĶʲô, , ˡ
СŻ谵¹⿴˰, ò׿һ, ȻȻͽˣ˵˰Ҳû˵ȥ
ɫҫ, һµһϵСǰ֡
꣬Сһҩ, Ȼס죬קŰܵһȽƧĵط
ҩдĶüͷҲֹס
طеаŰС˿ڿˮ֮ǰȷʵû뵽ȻҵֶȻǱһġ
˼ųһŵ淭ط˸ŹֵĶ
һѪСͷͷӦĥģʮֵķʲôʵĹͷŻǿдʲôֽ
⣬һڰ洦ɼģЩһĶЩһҪԵĶࡣ
¹¿ǡߡѩ׵ģ׵ûһ˿ɫ
ȵǰһŶó֮ǲŽʶǿһ˵ĳ
⣬⣬С˵Щİˡ
ӴΣ£ľҲûӵģڵѾӶѾˡ
֪ǶԲӦԼôɫġ
˭ͷŰ׷롣˵ͷɫжϳһ˵ģɫ죬ȻǸΡΡˡ
һͷڷзͷƺҲôɫ
˼ʱСǼСͷˡҩϿ⼸λҩģ˰ʱȵԵļС⡭
֮ӦûʲôϵϾСϳԵǼҲͨζ̲סĿʼθ
ʰʰϽ뿪ͳǼֽһۣһʱһѰסӣµȻקСͿʼܡ
С岻֪˾ʲôҲ˲ô򵥵ľܣǵȽϻˡ
̫ңҲû͵̫Ҵææʰһ£̧Ⱦߣȴŵһɲǣŷеһֻ۾
ֻ۾Ķǡ
Ҫȥģ
СԴһ룬ǰĸ˺ܿ˵ֻǾ̫ˣ뿪͸һ͸
𣿡
˾ôĶǣҲҳΨи˵ԴѣվǵˣסĲô
ÿסĲʧ񡣡ĳ˽ſ˵в֪ʲôʱһССĲ˵
˵Ҳ÷ϸһ£ƺв˰ϵǸͷĲ˵һģһ
һӵ˶еˡ
ǸһŲ˵Ǳƽһ˵ôˣҲ˵Σգñȥ𣿡
Ų˵˵仰Ͳ߳һӵﶼͬʱź
Щ֮УʹǹҲǻἸǳԹģҲԲߣҲͻС֣ǵĹߣͱнˡ
Ǽʹ˵һ׵Ҳж⡣
Ǹڿʵ̫ˣ˫۶ͨģ´һ򵱹Īļơ
ټȥһӹǣл׵ͷһ˶֪Ӻ֡
ߣҵ󡣡˵мֱµģЩǿ
ʱҲԲһֱӰͷץȻѺ͵ˡط͸һֹŹ֣ðա
ҿ˵̬ȣڿǸһЩ󣬾ͻȻø⼱ƺΨһϣǸϽ뿪ط
죡ߣСæкļ˴ԱߣߵʱֻǸ˸˷һĳŸ˹ȥ뵽˷ɶ˻һִš
ʱСȻһ£ǾҩϵģǸҩƺдҩһ֮󣬾Ҳû취ͣ
ҲȻΪʲôڻôУһ׵õġҩûˣ᲻òգȥѰµҩ
ȥʱǿ˵ĶӾſڡ
ı鿴Щ΢΢ĴͣǵʱƺҲ첻̫һ
ԶĺڰͽĹУ·ʹڼûй⣬ֲںڰĵطһ˹ġ
ƺֱúͿԺܶ鶼ǲ塣
ƹʱȻתͷ˸С壬һãȻ˵أѾüûˣ㿴𣿡
Сܵķɿ죬ԼƺӦ˵Щʲôеֻ˵һ䣬Լٺú룡ͷҲص˳ȥ
󣬳¿ɻſڣʱ죬ʱǰС·ɳã
Скüͷһ󣬵ʼղһͷջһ̵Ĵ˳С˹ȥ
ӿڣȻǱ߳һ˾ŵ˹СȻո͸ſڿǸֵļֱһŮˣ˲ģ˳һС·ܡ
ûиǸŮϣСȴĪһֲԤУԤаǸŮˣһŵʳ档
СƴشŴܹһ·ҲĲСЩ֣ԼӦûôôͺȻô
᲻
СתͷƷӣѾԶˣȴûȥˡ
⡣
Ȼһͦ۵ĶôԶ̫ʲôֻ֪һƬ
Сһ̧־Ͱץϸ˰죬ŷһҡ
ңɫĶң
˭
С˼ʱ·ںȻһ˵ĽŲС屻һȴûѶ£˳־ô۵ԼԴϡ
׷ͷŵǰѵϻմѪ
˿ǵʱﶼһǸҲͬѾ˲ˡ
ԱйѾ̲סСĿСŬվıֱһѰѿŵŮƵȻǿվǰ棬ɴͷϡ
̫ժˣΪ͸ɫĲϿ棬ǿôһ㰲ȫС
Ȼ±˿ԼϿ־ı顣
˹ƺҲѾۻ軨ˣеǰѵѾҪˣȴҪµһ룬䲻СͷϵǸڵģصģϤİĶҡ
Ȼ˾ŵ˫۾͵ĵɴˣɢһ˵
С˵ĵѾ˼ʹУȴȻ˲ˡ
ֵʱȴȻ˺ȻԶķ򣬵ײײ
С壬
žСУղŻ׷ǵ˺ȻǿʲôˮһǱ֮
С弸ΪʲôԻĳǱһôһãôһߣղŻײײ˽µĲһĵ˵ϡ
ţʲô

ֹ

ͷźڶҵСժҲǣժҲ, ĿŸղǸᵽ·Ҫ׷ɱͷŵֻȥ, ٶȿĸһ
ַĻ˶˰죬ȵӦҪ׷ȥʱ, Ⱥһ˶Ѿһֵˡ
С忴, Īľëëġ
㿴, ҿ, ȻһεĳĬ֮С

СԼýһ£Żŵذֵ, Ҳ֪ղô¡
ϻһɫѪ, һС·һѵ
㡭ЩԽСԽ, СֻӲͷƤǰ, 鿴һͷ뿪λá
ϵѪû, ˳·ôһֱ˹, С忴Ѫ΢е㺦±˸˳źۼ׷ͽ˸طš
ﶼùֵֹģһǸС嵽һطС΢Щ, ǳ뿴ô, ȴֵȺˡ
ʵڶǸ˾Ϊʲô뿪Ҳû㶮, ãȻĽ׶, طںܽӦúܿܵﰲȫĵطֻҪЩ˲׷
ҪߡٻȥһۡСЩԥ˵
һˣ˺Щǵ˵
СʵҲܻ, ֻĿǰйôֵиղžͱſ˵ĹȥȻһ˿ܹ˵Ρ
ҪǣղŻĪһˣȻԭδСĪĶ˵㵨
˵ҪȻߣҪȻҲȵңҲһȥͿһۣʱһûǶϽ뿪
ЩûסС壬ֻܿܽ˺ڰ֮СҪ˵źվǲͬĵط¾ȣŻζŨһġ
ȥ·һƬģСÿһߵĺСģ뿪ʱһȺˣֻһˣԼԼһ
ѹֺͿ־޷˵ġ
С忴ŽֵϵӣЩӰ춼ָɢʳģȴһƬյġ
ӿûˣŶûĶôĵӡһľôλεİҲûϸʲôŰ壬־õĵˡ
Сȴû˵ȥһȥǱߡʼռǵǸ˸˵Ļĵ̵϶Σգ˵Ǹ˿Ҳ˵ӣСȴ˵仰
ߵһ·ϼûʲôˣСվǸͷ࣬ԼĽŲѾĲˣһЩǿ˶Уǰֽĺ֡
ģ͸һЩֵӰӣȻЩӰӶںڰ֮У߾ڰһ֡
Դһ֪Ŀ»ֻСһˣĪľԼĺô¡
ΪŵϵѪ̫ϸˣܾöûй۲ߵľֱȻԼĲϺȻһ˿رر⡣
ţС忴һ۵ϵҶҶʵʵĴûκαľ
ǲ˿ȴ˿ûм˼
СǸȽֱӵˣ˵һӣʱĺĴ
ûκ׼ĻعͷȻ͸պúһײϡ
ȥңҲ͸˰ͷľ롣
һŲ԰׵ģ߾һڣ۾ͨͨģޱ

κʱֹСҹĹЧȲ˵Źֵױݣ͵˵вŮŮӣټҰײҰ׵ɫʹɫ˵˿ԣ˵Ҳûʲôֵġ
һ˲䣬С˺ֺܶ࣬ʲôû롣
ͷһθܵǷһʲôĸо·궼ŴˣĻڵʶƮ
кóʱ䣬ǰǰããһƬģ׼ɥʧȫܡеڶˣᵱ޳ֻϧûС
ҲǸԱԼͬʱҲᱬıȽңΧûʲô˵ʱʱ
˵СһСľ͸Աˡ
ĻƮƮĻûʱ򣬺Ȼǰ˵һٶ˵£ȫϡ
ֻǰǸ˵ļһȻͨһ¾͹ˡ

һտĵطԵøԣС۾˵㽹ࡣ
СС۾ﻹǳ˴ɻ
СһãȻĿǰĹȻֱֿŵǸδĵ
͸ոǸ˸ҪСĵǸõһҲСһ£ǾǰӦþǸղǸ߹ֵġŮˡ֮һ
͸ղǸ͸Զģȴ˭ûȥһˡ
ѽѽǷˣˡ
ңʱǰ͸˻սľĺ±˸֣СǰԷԼԲҪƵˣ˫ײ˸
˵ԷȻǰС嶼ԼʲôöԷôġ
ѵǸ⣬Լȴ֪ĸ
˽ĸľͷһˣǰ˵ûΪСĽӲκεԥ
һ΢ЩѹֺŤ˵²֪ˣСĴŵ飬
žһзĶ̫죬СӶе㷴ӦˣԼڿѾɵˡ
ǰˡСѾ˳ӦǸʵˣСΪ˿ľô𣿡
С巢һãȻдŲ
һƺѾĬˣǸ˵ͷܹǰ·
С廨˴ʮӵʱ䣬Ÿ׵׷ʲô
ղŵǸͷڵ˶Դ̬ȶֵֹģֵ̬ƺֻΪһ
ͷϵĶң
СҵģļǵԼҺּģһǸƷǰġ
Ҫ˵һ£ƷӣֻⶫӦھƷ߲ſڳ֡ðƷӡ
ⶼص㣬صǣôΪһ򵥵ĶңͶֵ˹Ϳ־壬̧ͷϸıһ
ô򵥵һڶң
еǸķҲźڶңСԭΪֻһţʵȴǣˣǿ
СжǰԼˣⲻ˵ֹ¶
˿ǰ·ǸˣȴȻĲһĺߣһһ
Сոúڶҵ⣬һ˾ƨϵ˴ʮӣ̧ͷʱ亹
ѽֹ˰ɡ
طܾôô˰

Сҹ

ׯߵҲʵ, ˵ׯҲֻһʶѡ
ǵķΧʮֵĹ, ϾⶫǴײġ
ȻҪӵӴ, ӵĺڰ, ҲӵġΡ
СǸ˵תһȦ, ȫȫѽ԰̬ġ
ȫûСʲôԾĵطϾ̧ͷһС嶼ҡ
֮ǰ²Ҫѻ˸˳ٰѻׯ˸, ǵЩҲʱûʲôطȥãһӣɴЩ˶ŪȥɵµĹɡ
СĸպþǸΧ۹·ȫ̵֮һ
Ҳر𳹵ס
ڻׯЩ˵, ڵġáֻжϤĶΪһ֪
ģ֮ǰʲôǸģΪʲôҪáֻͨͨԡ
ǸɴʲôˣĬһأþ͹򣬾ȫƨûС
С屻Īľ뵽, ȻĪĿһȺ˹
˵ЩǸģȻͿЩĪǰͨȫˡ
һ, һе, Ǳׯһ
СľģûйˡȵһתͷʱȻԱ˸һӹžͷ·ܵ򲡵ĸ㡣

ֻһСְԱС˵, ҹԿ˵һҹ
ҹ㲻Ǵ̼ġֻ˵ǡ
ǵ̼һ˵ħøС
ǿһһҲᾭ飬ζεġ
Ҫ˵پһΡҪ
С˻ûӿԼõС˵ѾԭʱˣʱӿڻһƬûκ߶
ҪȻǻ߰ɡʣµЩ˱˴֮䶼ʮֵľᣬСôʱ䣬ô˵Ҳ御ˣʱôˣҺҲЩġ
ʱǺȻӿڳһӰͷϵĺڶڷƮţӰڷĪЩ
һ˳ģֿտգûκζ
Сոսȥʱģӿڵ϶¶˾ϲı顣
ܸûбӣһܰȻĳҲѾˡҪǣĳ־ʹڿ뿪طˡ
˾ϲı黹ûдȫʧȴȻڴŶҵСһˡ
ȺһŰɫ·ɫҲײҲҵġ

Ⱥ϶һյûеĵȺſſҲ
Сƺȫûע⵽Ⱥһͬ鿴ϲٵ־壬ٵֺ;
ҳкС壬Ϊ´Ⱥ
ϾиȻûб֤ʵǴҵĳʶ
Ǿǹһݣײг̶Ⱦͻ˲һΡ
˵ҪƱʱСȻĬĬתͷԱһӹһ
Աߵһʮ˳ĵݹһõˣСԼļһܵľ˹
ߵһʱ˻֡
ôһֵĶˢĹһء
ˢһӣ뻮һ

ӾһȺ˹ºһͳ¡ĳԲһ˵ܿܿģͨ˵ֱ׳۲ĳ
Ա·ȸͬʱҲ˵顣
˱ľĿС˹ȻѰľĸ˿˹СĶҲһޱ
ʮּĶͬ˵һ֣ߡ
С˰ݷӵʱһֱǸƢԸͦõˣ˵ôӲĻͷһء
˵ĸé®С춼Źʮ꾭ʡ
仰̫©ˣԱӦóôµûһҿڵġ
ȫʵʵ뿪
˻߳ԶҲûκζƺǸ򵥵ĽֵѾסǣȺû취һ
ĬĬ·˺óóʱ䣬˴ŰСʱƺѾ㹻ԶˣȺҲ϶׷
ȺлһС嵽׷ʲôˣǵĻûʳСķӦǶҪһ
ղŻһƺ򶨵ĲеСȻһףɴĵȥðѸѹ˸ʵϡ
磡ΧղŻСһ©ᶼе㾪ˡ
磡ѰѰ

ϵľ͹ʲôһߴŹһ߹ţ£Ű
ˡ¶޴ĺȦ߹
Ҳң䣬û˵ܻˣ˶û׷ֻһǲҪ㶯˵ֽ
±ϾǸ¹εģԼ㲻ԼµжԵʶСԽҲǻׯϽʱЩЦá
벻ͨ
ΪʲôĶҶˣҾǱǸˣǸйŮ
ƿŵһɲǣͿһȺ˼ֱ˽ġ
һæסһ޵Ĺʣôˣôˣ
С磬ȾȳɣǸһ߳ҭһ˵
Ļϳʱû¾͹Ϸĳ֮һ޳ϲˡ
æкƣֻе֡ߵʱЩ˲ҪΪѲСĴ˰ô˳
ѵЩƤˣӲ
µ𽥵ıΣ¶·ɢһɱɱûб˲ʱһźڶҵ˺Ȼ˸Ƶ

ͷ˿С壬Ȼֿ˿ϤĶҡ
żϤĹκۣϤ
ˣ
С˹ȥŵһԣ˰»ð亹ĿͻȻðһ䡰Ϻǣ
ıԽԽأԽԽ࣬ҲŻ
֣Ⱥ˵Ҹǽһ¡˵Ĺ𣿡
˵Աߵ˽˵
ʮ꣬վһ죬˺ˣϵһŻƷ˺۷úһ˰֡
ԱԽɫѩףһ˵ʮʱ˵£ŵһҹû˯ţڶһֱղˣʦа취˵Сҹˣһҩȥվˡ

Ҳ氡ҿôˣͷһοô˻ܱŵġ岻˵
תͷСõҹҩøСԵ֣
½Ӳתͷˣڱժˣ¶СŲҰײҰ׵
ϵıϳţǵСģ㿴ͱŵ˰ɡһߺȲһ˵
ⲻǵӴС⡭ԱߵȴҴ
ʱ򣬻²֪ĬĬشԱק˸Сʣʵʵһ˫ˡ

κ

ʦѹʱ, ãȻĿ˿ͷ, Դƺһʪë¶ѾˣӦһŴϡ
Ĵɢһֺŵҩζ, һ˰ĵĸо, ʵӴ͸˹, ϸСĻҳ޹Ưš
һᣬȴûж, ֱԼͷƺһ, ӸղſʼĬв֪Щʲô
ʦߴҩĵˣ˰, ˼, ͷеС, º͵˵ˡõ, ҽݡ
˵Ĺ, ʦԭﻹصǰһǸ¡ľ, һͷ·ԭء
Ǹվ˳ȥɫ·ĵ÷һߣǸɫĶҲš

磬ӻЩεʦײײ˳Ȼײǰˡ
˵˿Ѿ, Ȼ˺ܶѪȻû֮ǲ֪Ǹ˱ûɱĴ㣬ֻǰҪڲ֮ȥһط
ǸطģҶǺֻϸҩĸ˲˵һ
Ը˵ֻ֮󲻾þʹ뿪˰ٲá
Ǹҩе˭ʦʵһȥЩˣҲֻЩ֪֪֣û뵽ŮǸΧ
С磡
رĺã˧Ըᣡ
СҿƢõˣû˵һػ
˵Уʦ⵽ӦǸƢܺãúܺÿ˵ҲˣƽʱԵľŮ˵Ҳôһ䡣
ŮӹȻԺÿ˽һ㰡ʦ롣Ǹ˵֣Ϊʲôֻ֪ǸԼһ˽ʲô֡
Ǹһ˵˰ĵĸоͿеĳϡ⣬ɢźζĿںһγһֿԱ֮ΪůĶ
ڴʱ˿ĪĶʦθڣѾϲĶ֮һ
Ϊʦºڡ
ʦԴǸϾĪĻҹptsdһϾһҪ˴һ𣬶Ҳ˯žԲߡ
ѧǰͯΪʵǸ˴Ҳ鷳ǵľȽϲң˻Ըġ
ǰѵԭԭдһ飬Ȼĸţŵ˶ͨ˸Ȼڶ˶Ȧ˳
״죬֮ʼҹ˾ͱš
ȵϢߵʱѾһԺˡ

ţСĴźڶҵˣµָʱüͷһ塣
һקס˴Ҫ뿪ˣʣΪʲô
ΪбˡǸ˶˵ǵĿɿ鱨˵ĿǰһͷڶҵķӣǿǧҪСġ
ǰӻ˵ûе𣿻ۣΪʲôô죿
Աקһڶңʣĺڶ𣿡
ˡǸϢһƣû֣קôֵĶҾð˼ҵǸأ
֮󣬻¿˿ԼϵǸڶңͻȻе
ͬһ鲼ͬһʦġôӣǸͷء
Ǹ涼ˣǰһ£˵ֱӰ˵ܲüֿţ뿴ûʸ
˵ǸʦɽĿ뷨Ǻһ书͹ϷˣҿԽܺڶҵһˡ
ô㾿ʲô˼أ
ڰٲддҪһ飬ǾǻׯһξۻҪˡ
컪˹˹ĵվȴŸָ˵飬ʵеСţΪׯǸʲô·ܵ˵ׯڴԱʱڣҲûʲôֵġ
ãǰҲվ̨ǰԵҲһǳ١
⼸컹ץ׳ٲøֹˣⲢŽĹǡֵίĹ
үҲ֪ʱжλϵţΨһҪĵľǰҹȺȥĽ˻᲻ҹ˭Ĵ͵˭
Ǵҹģ¾ʹҹ壬һĻаٲñǿץ׳ͬ־
⼸òһ˯߲ӣڴҹĻץѲ֣ŹˣǺܿġ
Ϊ˳ȥѲֵ·һֽ·£ĲԸʵʵĸ³š
Сһ㰡ʲô£ҿǲİɫܳĶԻµ»˻֣ϣߣҪˡ
Ա߾͸һֱûԿۡ
ߣҿ˰˰˵žԼ׵౦һ˹ȥһһ߶ԻµҪʵڲУĴһ㣬Ҷʹ
ں濴һṦݶȻˢˢˢİƽɳƣһ·𻨴ľô˼ҵݶϹȥˡ
ƺҲʺˣ˧
ĬĬҡҡͷһݶϢԹ߻ŸոΪܹߵ̽ͷһٿľ
ٲõҹʮֵƽꡣ

ʦ氲ţͷһһ߳ΪҲ֪ԼֹŹֵ״̬ܲԾҪ˷
ȻǸŴˣǺܾ׼ץסˡƷľ裬һ˴ҹˣܹԼĵԵĴһ㡣
һᣬȻǹιһ磬ϸ΢ϸ΢ķ硣
һˣȫʦ壬¶ᱻע⵽Ϊʵ̫Сˡ
һƬڵϵҶһˮĳ
ʦ̧ͷһۣΧտҲʲôûУֻյΧֹ
ĽŲ΢ӿһ㣬Ҫ뿪ӡ
ȴڸո̤һʱ򣬱˴һסҲʵʵϡ
˲ɴ۾ͫ׽ȴֻͽ͵ĵɴ۾κĶ
ʦ˶ĪĿֻ֮УֱǸ˴յĶߣһֵͳɳƵ˵С죬ǰЩӣ͵ҵĶ𣿡
ǸһϢһ˵ĶصĹĸо
ʦĺ͵ıü
Ҳ벻Ȼᱻ˷֣һʱš
¿űԼסʦ壬Īİˬ
Щۿ͵ԼҵǰϹܶ֡
ڷţȻͿˡ
ʱ䣬ʱɵܲᱻ˷ֵġ
˴ûᣬŻһС˷

˭Ժ

ʦͷһסǸ˵˭, ȻǸ˺׼ʲô, ޷ת
۾ֻܿǰǽڣһ˵Ϣ, Ǹ˼Ҫ˸ˡ뿴Ǹ˵Ӱ, ȴطԼһ
ʵʦûô챻ġ
ЩŶûκηΪѾȫȥ, ڴ֮ǰûаϡ
СԽϴûб¶ԼһϢ, Ҳһֱͷûժȥ, ʵ벻ͨ˾ôҵġ
ǹ
, ֻһȹҪµˣ

ҵĶ, ҵĵطһ, оΣǸ˼ŵͳɳƵ
ʦʱ˿̾ԼѾһˡ˵µҪǾȻһ˿
, ֮ǰһҪʸףܺͿʦҧ˵Ǹطģ㾿ʲôˣ
ң
Ǹƺһܺ⡣
˼˼룬ûش𣬶ǹһŵ˵, Ӧʲôˡ
ȵ, 𣿻ʲô˼ǲﲻ̫ԣ
ʦһ, ͷһ˵Ļش𣬰סˡ
ǸƺŬ룬ʦĪľԼڵӦǸʲôݡ
˻ᣬ˴Ц˵, ھǸСԽֵϰ塭𣿡

ɣԡ
ʦ˵㻹ô˵㻹ô˵
㰮ʲôʲôɣͶ⡣
ʦ²۵ͬʱ𾪣ΪӸոǸ˵Ļпƶϳܶ顣
Ǹ˲ںԼʲôݣ˵кܶݡ
Բʱ޿֣ϷŪ
ϷŪΪСʦͷƤ顣
ʦرͷһ˵׳ʲôģ¾һۡ
˵֮ͫһ˵ӰʦڿƲס뵽ۡ
˵ô֮һĻöԷӰͫ棬ԸһЩ
һ˫˳סĲӻһ˫ϸָ֣԰ף¹ҫ··ûһ˿Ѫɫ
˫һֱϢһһս·жһأַ·һҪһһĽ
Ⱥ˺ĻءǸ˵һȥʱúõĽ̵һǣǾȻҶϲ̫ˡ
ǺҲһֱ̧ͷҵԲŻֻʶҵĶңϾҾһԲϾϲɱһˡǸӿ
ǸݲĶ˵ŻһǿװġʦܹһĲ⡣
ʦ۾ıϣо˫ĶߣǸɳƵ˵ЩһƤӵ·ΪһһĸоǲǺʹ죿ҲԼܹɣӦҲͬ뷨ġ
ߴűϢʦļ׵
ʦȴĶʱｻ顣
˺òõĸڴ϶˵ʮնģϣҲܶࡣ
ȥǸطô£ʦʣܶ˵ĺè̲סʡ
Ǹط˿ƺԸ˵
ʦı飬ε̾˿Ժ鶼СûʲôϵˣҲûȥͼסһ㣬Ǹҵ˲ʲôˣǧҪﳶϹϵͺˡ
ʲô֪ȴʲô˵ʦĥˣֻ˵һ仰ȴʦͺȻƽ
Ǹ˲ܶԸģǽűȽϺá˵仰ʱûκα飬Ǹһ㹻Σգ㹻µˡ㲻һˣһ
ļǸˣ޷ʱ򣬾ҪƴȫȥɱҪκɡ
ֻ۵ɱǵְ𡣡
ʱʦ𺳵ĻǸֱľģͷһ˻ᱻֱáĴƺһθܵһ˵ģ·עĲݸС
֪ģʲôԸ˵ʦѾ˵Ļȫˡ

Ҳһôʹ顣ʦ۾ͷ·һУǰһƬڰıܷۡ
ͣƺЩȡ
һľȣʦ֪ʱ򲢲һ¡
෴ֻиӶȤζĶ
ʦֻѾ۾۾ܾһǸƺҪָۿ
ǲ˵˽Ļ
ǶĽǰɣʦԼԼɤڲ˵Ķƺͦ򶨵ģǶɱҰһǾȻûһϵó
ôˣеŮģϵٵģǲûϳǻϵõĻǸҡ
Ӧûʲô׽˰ɣеĻôûϳðƻأ
Ҫݵˡ
ʦ˵·Ҫɤۡ
ԼĻѾˣ׾ʹһ˵ŭ㣬һĲӺȻ˫԰׵ָŤϣκξȡ
޷˵˵ˡ
ĬĬضʦĺף˵ţ˰ֱʣʳѾֱ֣ʹ㡣
ֻĿǰûʲôʹĸоϾǵط治찡ӽֵܹҲһʱһֱڲȡֶΣȺֻ϶Ҳġ
ǻ϶ҪҸط϶׾Լһᡭׯ𣬾Ļá
᲻ͣ˵
ΪǰǸ˵ĺףȻ˼൱˼
ֿı飬ֱˡ
ŸӶʲôŻŻӣû˼
ʦڱ۾ʱ򣬺ȻһЦﵽʲô
ղǸɳƵͬ·Ȼ࣬·ֻһ
ʦһ룬òϣԼûһ仰ģ仰ŵĺ塣
ŵģֲ㡣
һ˲䣬ʦȻԼС˼͸ˡ
һСһе˼ڴǰ̻¶š
Էǿװ򶨣Ŀ־壬пܿԼҪݵ˼
ԷȴûֻǾúܡЦ
Ц
ʦ֮ǰġȫһΪ̫һˣʦһסˣ֪Լ˵ʲô
ҽµкܶࡣǸ˼˵
֮£Ҹϣʵʵš
ţʦ巢һãȻĵԶʣµ֣Ϊʲô
Ϊǹӡʵ̫ѿˡ
Ǹôп
óǷǳģľܳ
ʦ塭ʦԼˣ˵Ļȫס
ôһ˲䣬ʦ·ֹιһ硣
ȻͷտҲ·ֻһΡ
ǸղžСӣɫ˹ٹһĹâƺһֺҹա
ΧשߣʯǽĳĬžÿһ·𶼴ŹӵУƺһһǼ֤
ʦԼĲӣƺһ˿ʹУʵʵĺԴţûе
Ϊʲô
ʦͷһΪûɱãˣҲһΡ
Ϊʲô
Ǹ˵ҪݵġΪʲôûɱǸӵģ

ɻ

, ʦ˵Ǹ˼뱲ӵ⣬ĿǰľǾ뿪طߵһȫ֮
ֵǸղųʱսսģȴܿյ, һ˺ƽϺܳһ·
еĴֽѾͱ, Ҳηˡֻ벻ףѾݶˣǸΪʲôûɱ
㿴ⲻƻ𡭡ֱѭ
Ҫ߻ԼסǸطʱȻǰиϤˡ˱, ϴһزɫӡ
ʦס˶ԷŶԷȵĻعͷźº͵ϴ΢ֵľ顣
ϵôˣʦʡЩ棬ԷӦòϳ˰ɡ
µЦŶ˵ͦΣյ, ھӴүǶģҳǿ
æʦ֪Լϵıһ̫, ΪŻ¾͵, Ϊǰ߹һʱ佭ǾȽϿһ㡣
ûʦµĿ˿¡
ų, ûʲôڵ, õĶǵһ
ôôûɱ
ɹ, ɹѽϵǸɹǸ첲ϼ⻹ͦġ
ʦȻ˸ոǸȥˣܾҲ߶Զ
Իµ, Ҳ̫ˣŵ˸ɾͺãôͨҲǣ
ʦ˵žק˶Է֣ٲߣһһߵĲģرΣաԼҪ˳һҪŴغá
ں汻קĵײײģһ߸ߣһЩε˵ȵȣһ£ҾʵáڻȥҲУǰٲõһҲء
ʱľ͵˰죬ȥʱ򣬻һĲ⡣Ұˣǿקʱ˼ңһġקҸ
ԼĲ豭Ȳ裬˵û¶¶ɵĺúõģͻȻͰקˣұǻҪרҵòã
ǣרҵһ˵ˮڣȥѽŪһࡣ
һ֣һ߹ԹԵڣȻֵԼϴҹзϴˣ˳á
Աߺ࣬ĬĬؿĪĸпһｵһ
ֺǺǵؿ˳ʱȻƺȥһϤӰ
ǸӰ֮еģֻӱһɲǣű³ɫ׽ˡɵתͷȥʱȴֻһƽƽ
ͣڶջ¥£ʦסǸط
¸磬㿴ʲôأеʣҡҡͷûʲô
ǸӰûпĻǽ
ϵʲôҾȻô͵Լɧûмܳ
Ҳǡ˵ٲõĻǿ϶ָװͶˡòȥʦģȻҪĵ͵һ㡣
ӦðԤвǻַӦģϴʦĿ󶼱ˣ˵ҲӦһ߳ôͻȻս˽
¶ôҪ
ֱʶ;˵ʲôӣ¶вҲࡣ
ջʦȥ󣬰ҹԼ֪ţȻڴϹԹԵĵϢ
ǸΪʲôûɱⲢеľȫϱˡ
ʦڴһ˾ķ治֪Щʲô˼߰ġҲûʲô飬ľ飬ӦҲôĴ𸴣ֻһһŽֺڲˣȫʲô¡
һʱźȻˡ
룬ʦ˵˭ʱһ˶סˡһ棬˵ˡ
Ҳ֪˭ֱǸɫ֮󣬲֪˭

˲֪˲Ľӡ
ʦڴеɵˣ֪ôͻȻСط
Ǹֻǿţͷ·Ǹͬˡһ£մȾһ˿̻ſʵϾûʲô飬ȴɺͿ
ʦĪЩţͦıֱ͸Сѧһһֱ׽ģֱϸ˵Ǹ˾ϢŻȻ
ֻиӳɻˡ˵Ǹ˾˭ֵý˴
Ҫ֪ʱ͵賿ˣӵϢʱɫ»û
һЩ⣬ЩⶼϸٵĶЩָԡ
Ǹûпûп֣
ˡܰףָϸܳʱû̫Ҷ࿴
Ǹ˵ôģ
ͦ͵ģǻеɳƣЩǺܶأЦʱ򡭡ӵĶˡ
Цʱ򣿡ڼ¼ıʣ˼룬˵
˵ţȻЦֱӾͰʦ𺳵ˡ
ָŽ͵ĵͷԶԶԣӣһģһ
һͷдʦһƬƤ΢Щ棬ĸҹӣôҲЦ񾭲
ںԺɹҩĵʱǰȻһˡûп֪Է˭˶þòָɻأ
㲻æǸ𣿡µӦûͦæɣôϵⰡ
ͦææĶҪˡԱߵϣһΧۻ»һߵҲû취ͦҪϢŵҽһˣȷϵʲô飬ҿ¶˯ž
ûӻ磬Ȼ˵˸һķӵ𣿡
˵ˡµôһ£һʼ˵ǼٵǰֺȻ˵ĺܺѵôһ𣿡
Ҳ֪û˻ϲɫңϾͦѿģ˵ֻʱһװ磬ȴ˵˰áŻµ˵Ǹʵƽʱϲܸܶ·ֻȸһĴת
¸͵͵һڸʲݣȻãȻĿŽ˻°죬Ȼйˣûûεġ
ϱţŴҪغá˵žվ˼Ҫ㣬ŴغҲûá
ĺҰĵ仰ܸоĶ
ʵֻһ¡һ˺Ȼ䴩ϾԲԼ·ͻȻһİĵص㣬Ŀľʲôأ̧ͷʡ
תͷ۰ٲõ¯ľµ㡣
ˣôҲûáȻһӱúܷתͷԻµǱ߶Ūᣬȥ𣿡
ȥµҲа



˵ĵط, н
нĵط, з
Žһ·ԴԴϵĸ˵Ű, ͬ־ӦȻľٰŸйص, Ŵ£ʵͬ־һֱڵĳԹϡ
Ǹ˵Ĵ̼ԭֵֻĽȻҲ²Ĵ
ϾԭֻǵΪŰæģҲûʲôͷ, ָԺճ, ˭ðĿǰǸʲô
ȫæģǴҲûʲô֮, Ϊƽ𡭡, ˹ĺöֱˡ
˵ȥ, ʱԿҼԼܵĽͣݽ˵ҹûڸһӣһһ߶׷ܿö˼顣
һų񣬲ͬǣεĻ²¶
Ϊȫȥġ
֮У˻£, ǡ
ԼһôҲ벻ҵˡϸոռʦ塣
Һȫĵطһ, ȫȥٲóСʱ·̣ǵߵ㹻ء
ΪҹӾٰᣬڽϻǺġʹһͨ˶˵ĴҲû뻪һˣ͸ɴѰٲõȫˡ
õ뺯ʱһɰı飬ֻڿ뺯ʱ˷˺ܾá
Ǳʵ˽·ͻ´ԣ¾Ҳ棬гһգǿ˵Ŀͺˡ
û뵽΢е㼤ͺߵ˵ʦ壬лڽϣʣǶԼһ
뺯˵һƱ󣬵Ѷȱȹ¸ǫרѶˣҲõĻţƱһֶһ˵ġ
ĽͶû룬ǰٲãһͰԲ
ƽʱżӰζ˵ˣ˹ŵ飬ô˵Ҳһ顣
ԶײƽҲչҡһЦţһߴµҾͷǰҹ˯ڽҹܵˣ㲻˯ñ˯㲻˯ô˼أȥˣлǡҵ֪Ǻûġ
£
۵̫࣬޴
ܿ͵˽ңʵ˵ҲֻһССƫԺռ๻ʮٲõġ
Ǹ޴Ժм伸ʲôûУֻһѻݲݣҿֵơԱվŵŮʹǣڸŻæҡ
˻Ǹߵ˵ģ˵ԸŹ֣װ˿;ôﲢֵ͵һһĽСԺׯǸطԵúͨ
һȺ˳󣬾Ժߣһһ߸п治Ǯˡ
ǿֱӻذٲ˯רΪ׼Ϣķ䣬Ҷǵ䡣
֪ⵥӦרΪ׼ģסһЩ鲻㡣һɵʱŷһ¡
񡭡ͷһγʱôɰ
Լ˾Ǻá
¸ûһᣬ̧ͷ棬ƺĸ˵һкܶ˼飬ŸûãĿ˰Сȥˣ۳žҪС
ս˵ҹžƿ￴֣ҲǼͦ˼鰡
֪ΪΣĿ˴ܣһִ͵̬
ɱĵطֱ롭ȻΪ̫
ϸ˵ֻǴ׼׶Σ⸽ס˺ܶԶĿˣЩڶסģҸĿջƶԱ
˻ûȫﻹ¿ģʱһ½ҵ
ǧӿǰùĽһ𾪣ôڽӵׯϣ
ҸżȻõģѽʵûп⡣ǧӿǰֻԼѽõģʵûͨĽá
ǧӿп
ǰļϰһѰֻ˵вֵֻܿطŻܵۺʵ
ĪԼռѽôǲ̫ˣǡ˻ˣȻ󡭡С۸̼ˣ
˵ŻأǾͺȻһѻڵĽǰ棬¾ĬĬվϤĽ˼ۡ
⽣û֣Ҳûұƣ¾֪ǳ
ѽǼշתеġпȻıʯ̫ӣù󣬾ͻ֪һѱǱʯȻŻڣȴʮֳ֡
¶űһᣬȻʽûаСҲˣ»ܴ̼һ¡
˽⣬ǹһġһĻټġ
ʱ򣬺ȻԱ߳һеӰתͷȥһۣ͸պÿʦ塣
Ȼ˻ãУ̫ԼһСôͺȻֳϡרŽܣҪ֪طûпأǴǴСŽġ
һС˵Żᷢ£Щãе΢΢ˣѽ԰ĸо
ʦڸһȦȻͿǰĻ£˵ЩҲ棬ϤҲֻлˣһԶԣҲһЩĸеˡ
ߵ˻µߣǿװ򶨵˵û뵽ֵطǲǣ
ԡµҲȷʵû뵽
ʦ͵͵Ĳۿ£°̧ͷŹĽº͵ϣ߸ߵıϷһĹ⡣
˵ǰɣʦȻʣǸʱôأ
Ǹʱ򣿡ƺһ£Ȼ˵ʵҲûʲô͸һɱľ;Щˡ
ңһɱͻһֺѿӡתͷʦЦЦ˵ӦҲ֪ɣѿԼȥ֡
ʦ忴ۻº͵ȻãӦһԶԼԵѿˣȻҲ벻Էϳɱʲôӡ
ˣҪЩȥɡºȻ˸ʦ
˶ԵøȫԵĸоֹסĸпԭĻˡ
ʦţĪľ泩˲٣ֵķӵ鶼ûô˵ĸо
Ŷˡߵһ󣬺Ȼͣ˵Ͼͻȥˣֻһ⣬ϲҪܡ
Ϊո˵кܶΣյˡ

÷

ٲõ˵ͻȥ, ˭Ҳûסڽ, ¶û£Ҳֵܱ̫ۡ
ڰٲأǸûʲôɡ
ʦ, ס, Ű컪뿪ʱ˵һ仰ȽΣա
ȻǸӦóֹĺڶ, Ǿ˵ʵ뵽ڲ֪ںδ
ôһΣյˣֵطȷʵ޷ҵġʦĲ
ˣٵģҲӰ첻ʲô
ʦ忴¹, ˯˹ȥ
ȴڴҹŪŻׯĵڶξۻᡣ
Щ˶Ҫַ뺯𣿡µ˵ͷ, ǵ뺯ôʹģ
ǰҰȥšµ˶˵ǵÿ˶ᱻ¼Ȼҹǻһŵ뺯ȥ
Ǹ˵, ͰһֽƬݸ˻¡
뺯ʲôӵġ½˹һ, Ȼüͷ
˭뵽뺯ӣȻһҩӣҩҲͬ
, Էģаݣڹ⡣÷ûҩ粻ö
ûҩһ
ʲôҩӣ裿
˰Ҳûס
ܾЩҩָĲҩݣָЩҩݱĺ塣
Ǿôֵ͹ȥ˼ҰǸϹٸ𣿡¾˵δ̫һ㡣
һ˵ǲġǸ˹ĶԻµͨǣûǣǻĸ죬һ˶Ըðա
ŶҲ˵Զ˽ģΪԼҪķҲûʲô˸Ҹˣ롣
һ㶼˴һһ뺯ܹһ˹Ǹ˼˵Ҳȷȫ
һֱ𣿡ʡ
¿˼£һΡ
ŶһΡĬĬ룬һû·ֱӴһ˾ɱȥˣ뺯ҲûãǱĴû뺯ͨͨڻׯ˯ȥġ
λεڱǰᣬеһ£⡣
ܸо˻һ㰡ĬĬ룬һ˵һô཭ˣ׼ôӣһµطһµͷҲǲܵġ
ûʲô¶ĻǾ˹ȥ뺯ˡһ˵ţһ뺯վŵȺµʹ˸ɫ
Щ׼һ˽һ뺯ͺȻֹǡ
áµΡԼ
ӹһ뺯ҩд;һôдҲǸˣôȷʵ˼ġ
һôд˵˭ѽڻ𣿡ûµһ£˻µĻЩãȻĻһ䣬Ѿˡ
ţ̧ͷһۡ
˵ʼһϵùģ½½ùüŷӡǸ˵кü궼ûмˣǶΪˣǲڣϾҲûпˡ
ĪЩ䡣
Ǹϵһ졣
ϵһֱΪֻǻׯɳȥһˣֻҪˣ·ܵϵǣⷽ绹Ǵׯȥġ
ûĪ벶ȸںĸо
ָоվûɵġ
ջǻһׯɫİ·˸ɴͳš
ɫʣҹڷߡ
졭ǲҲҪˣһУշת࣬ǶĪĿ־壬ΪһΣȥ˻ׯ;мӳˡ
˭Ҳ֪ׯôˣǸˡ
Ǵ쿪ʼׯһֱƽ˾ûдκεϢǶΪֻżһ쳣ԻׯûκεӰ졣
ֱĪĴǸڶ˵Ĺºǲշתʼ²⵽ôһ¡
óʱ䶼ûжˣòǽ˰ɣֹһᣬ˲²
ҳȥ
˳ȥ¹ڵϣ˸֪ǹȥôӦûš
һβûС
ҪݵʱȴȻŰһ֦÷֦һҩľͷ
÷֦ʻģոģ֦ģǶ仨δš
ôϢŰ֮С
һڣʲôӲĶһĵƬ¶ô𾪡
ƫƫһصģģ÷֦ɣһ룬ôϡ
һ˼˰춼ûжæų˿ȿϵĶ󣬾͸һˡ
ڶ죬еĽ˶ˡ
¾ȷˣȺ϶д͵ģƽʱ㲻Ľˡ۾ҲգиҲͦá
˵÷Ե𣿡߹ͷβʱ˵
Ҫ˴ձ׾ƣر𵭶ľͻȥˣ˿û˽
ǿ֪ǲ÷귽Σúһʮ꣬һʮ񡣡ŵ˵籾ʱˣΧһȦˡ
¿ҲţƺҲקȥˣ˵˵Ҳͦ˼ģʲôãƫƫҪ÷
Ϊ÷֦ȽԱȽʺűˡһ߿ձһ˵ǸͲʺϵʾ÷ַ߳ġ
˵⻰ʱһ㶼飬˲ǻ
𣿡ԾԾԣǰҲɣܲҲ¶һ֣
ܻ÷Ǯʹ׾Ͳˡ÷Ǹ˵ˣʮڵ˶һܹӽľϣȥˣϢֵöʮꡣ
˵еġʮꡱЦһʮءʮ˾Ͳˡ
仰ԭԾԾſڵ֦֦֣ͣЩʧ˻ȥ
ʵô÷ͱȽϴ͵ȻڵǸĴ˧𣬱Ƚʺϴ󡭡롣
͡Ҳûӡ
ĺ棬ȻС۸ʲôһֹ¶˵Ҳճᷢ飬һ췽ҹ̷
¿һᣬԴ
һ߳ձһ뵽ŽӵϢǶôɵۣһеæˣ˵ȥ
ȻϢϾ͵ˣձͳš
һţͿ޴ĺȦֹֹ
˺óóʱ䣬˵ȥʣλүɵʲô
һ㶣λү
ȻֳĬ˼룬ԼļͷҪܲˡ

ɶ

ȫû
Ҳû
ֲ˵̫ס
ܿԱô, ¾Ȼͦˬġ
Ϊһ˵ڻºͽλӦÿһԵΪһȻǻǳְ
ͷǲǸ˭ڻµǰ˵Ӧô, ָһ·
۾, ýƹˤˡ
, ͻȻָһ·, ôǸ¡ͷһֱҷôͻȻȥץأ
Ϊͷ, ⸽и֮ǰûյĹ, ȻĳĿĸͲȷ, ̶ˮȻˮ㡣
˵šĿĲȷʱ򣬽۾ֱĶŻ¡
Ŀģ˵Ҳô¡⼸춢ŵ㣬кܶ˾ۼһ, ҪԸ, һҪСĽһ㡣
ΪΪʲôЩãȻ
Ϊʱ㲻ǵǵı书, ͵͵ȥѡμСġ
ЩһģŪԼһ֮, һ̯ӡ˵ϣľһĪĴһֿߡ
˿飬ͷĥһ½Ļʵ˵ûľôҡ
Ҳҵĺôⲻȭʦû͸ǵʲô

ׯ⼸ĽˣЩУͨģҲΪʦӦ۵ġ
ʱʦ嶼Լ˱קʲô޷ҲײǸڶҵˣдһ΢εҪλðˣҪʱʵҲ
һ£ʦ嶼ԼûʲôڸС
ż΢ЩȤģ細վˡ
ιҪģôҪׯˡһúܺÿĹƵĶһؤ˵Сؤĵط𣿡
ʦ֪Ǹô˵ôǸ򵥵ؤһȺģԲǸͨСؤܹﵽġ
˵ʲô·ŻƽʵʵĴڼĴС㲻𣿡
Ǹҵһġƽʮֱ׳˵飬ôܲǻƼң
ƼҰʦ룬ͦһңĴСȫŮ
Ϊ£϶ˡ
ʦĪЩ꣬׼͵͵ĿһʱȴȻ·һۿˡ
·ŴһֱŸʲôôߣ
ţʦȻе˶һ¡
ԥ˰˵ңҾóȥҲûʲô˼ԻŰɡ
ɹɹ̫Ҳð·һ˵ţһ߶֣䡣
·Ǹˡ

ȻعʱʦѾˡ
ȷʵͦģɹůʦóʱ䶼ûгˣ䲻һţȻû¶һƬů档
ιСؤҵǸ𣿡ƽһţ·˵ûҵΪҴײء
ʦһǺʲôȽ˽ܵ⣬ҪҪݵ뿪һ˼ʹĻҲԵú̹̹뿪ɶûС
һֱ˶ںˮ㣬ǾҲǸˡ·Ǹ˵Ͷм䣬һֱǸˣ˵׼ʲôʱͻͻȻ
ιǱ߳ʲôˣԶȻһм˴ǵ˹ȥ
ʦĿ˹ȥȴûпʲôƽûֻǼ·˵Ż
·۾Ǳ߿һۡ
ôˣʲôˣ
˵ɵ˴ˣ˶˵ԼɵĽߡ
ͦ󰡡·ַ˸˵ȥ
ʦһĪˣΪһС죬Ψһ㾫ͨľС֡ϾͷһͨСʵҲҪô֣ڿҪġ
·˵žƽҲȥʦ˰죬Ҳֻܸվ˹ȥ׼͵͵ĿһۣԾ͸Ͻ
ŵĹȻɵˣҶ㲻Сɣһɽɵģһˮġ
ֳŽͲ󣬿Ӧͷˣʦ御üˣǿΣе棬͵͵Ⱥ¶һ˫۾
ʱȻԼǰվһϤˡ
£ôҲˣʦ΢ЩãȻû뵽ȻҲ֣ΪԷǻȤˡ
Ҳûа취ո˵ҪСı书飬ûأͿҪȽġ
վ⿴һ֪ǴͷСƨɵȥˣκβСʱתߣֱǶԽơ쵼ոտǿ𷸴֮ģµתͷͰײȸ顣
ĵأȻȺ֮и˿Ҳһ£ԶԶĿʦ塣
磡ʦİȺȻһϤʮֵĿġ
ϾطҲЩţǻоһ޽Ÿеˣ´һ𣬰ȫʮ㡣
ûˣŻ¾ļ˹ȥҪµվţ˳һʽǲǰٲõĻæʱ
ҪȥĶƽ֣ȻͿʦ峯һط˹ȥʶĳȥǸһۣȻȻˡ
͵Ա··ָ£Ҳ
ϣôҲˣ·е棬ײβˣȻԷܾײͷʡ
ʦеĻº·еĻ¾ֲͬģ·еĻжôûʦеĻ¾жô޺
е˽˺ܳʱˣͻȻͷսεľ棬˫ȻѾ˵λˣҪ򣬻е㲻붯֣²
ʦһĳŻǱ߼ʱҲûйĳеˡĶ˳˵ע
ӵ˶ϢʱֻһĶһͣǰ壬Ǹ˶ע⵽ġ
ʦûװһ̬Ϊոտ˻¶Щ˷ܣԵеһ¿ɾóе˴ˡ
ǰǸŽԵɷ˵ͷԵСӺ۸˰
еһָʦιСӣǼȥĸأ
ʦһʼûע⵽˼ָΧȫʱʶʲô
ңһӾˣ˵⼸Ҳ㾭˲£ǽġɶ¼˵ɻʵʵͷһأ˶
˵㣬㼷ȥĸʲôиֱӾ
ʦ˶ˣֻܴĿ˼ҳ߹ѾģһᱻһٵĻ棬ﲻʱ˵Ŀʼˣ㲻㹤ˡ
ʱһ˺ȻӺקһѡ
ôһ£һӴȺ˳
קʦǸ˶ܸɴ䣬˵Ϣ¶һ֣ϾôһקСһקȥɲסһҲֵĺԿĳק˲ʲô鷳
ôһקֱӰʦקȺǡ뿪˵ߡ
ⱾӦǺ£һֻ̣ûѡ
ʦԼûһ֪ʱ˿ĵ뷨
㱾קĸоЩϤͺ񡭡ǰո
ĸо˻ļƤ
ǸˣȺ
˭
͵תͷ˹ȥĶǸקˡ
лҪ˵Ҫ˵𡭡ʵΪдĺܵսľģԲ̫ҷ˵orz
ͣǰ漸gcĿǰΪֹɵĻԣgcˣgcеĵģڵgc(ȫҲͬǰҲһ)Ŭ
ͷŶ=أ=

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, һǵĻ¡
ոקʦ˾ʦȺ˳˿Ȼһֱʦվ
ʦе, Աߵ˶߿˹, 󲿷߻, Ͼ֣֮մ󲿷˵뷨, ʦûôһˡ
Ͼ˿ƣʦʶ, ҪǴӸոôһֿ, 书㹻ʦⳡ֮֡
ʦԭ뷨, Ǻܿи˽ˮ֮е, Ȼ
ոյϤУͷ·ֻһ
ʦȴ־ãԼⱲӦöǴ˴Ӻסʱĸо
ͷ, 
, ӦֻżȻ
ֻǸͨͨСѰ
ͣİԼ, Լֻе񾭹ˣԲŻ˼롣
ܹĹǳ鷳ɣʦ̧ͷ˿ȴԼֻܿüµĺ󱳡
¿ǰСƨ, ͶʮңһһѽѪͷСӣһһѽָ
ӿűʦ廹Ҫ۸ͻȻʶôһ⡣
ͬһǿӵȫͬӵġ
֮ǰ˸ô˵ҲԱȻжôǿңֶԱȾͷԼϡ
ʵ͵ģٷǳƯȻͦģʵѹ٣ĳ˵Щ˷ѡ
Լ۾ȻЦˡҲ֪뵽ʲôȤ£ǵıȻҶ״СƨЦˡ
·ͻƽǱ߿˹ȥ˻ЩȺ֮ΨʦˣǿСľŽŻ£඼Ҫͣˡ
ܵؾŵĻƽͲö˵ˣ·Уƽʱɽ¶ˮѸˣɸһǰ󷽷ĴһܣҲԸϻֿʵġ
Ԥܸʵ޺
º͵£һЩĶ
ǰ߶վһ·ȻСĶԻƽ˵
ƽһ㶣Ȼ·˼ʹǰţҪ㵽µߡ
۾Ц֮󣬿˿ǰˣղŹǱѻЦӵһƣøҪһ˵
һýָŻµ㣬ĸɵģ
ɡ
ʦӺδ
ûʦš
Уźʹ磬ǸʵĽˡ
Ǹ˶ܿӦһˡȻӦһ·ڶսĽװִ·иСҩңûС
ԶֱͣΪޣΪΡ
ҲûгǰСƨõֱ˷ѡ
һɣûʦˣôҾôվǵǰ˿ŰվĻ¡
Ϊܹ̽һЩݵ·̾˿ԷĻشˮ©ʵҲκϢǶɡ£·Ǳһ˿˿ɵġ
˻۲˰죬˭Ҳû¾ʲôͷ˲ͷһ˾һѽֱֱľͳŻ´˹
Ҫ־ֻܹǸѰɣξͽ̽㣬ʲôٹ£
һѽӸոջվŵĵط̹ΧмֽȴֻһգصĴ˿֮С
ֲԤ֮еĸоܵЩ¡
ܿƵǰһ㣬һЩ˱ܿʱľǰƺ˸ովӰ񣬿ȴȫʧˡ
һ̧ͷ˲֪ʱѾǰ
ǸոյҲǸոյ٣˵ĸоȴѾ˷츲صı仯
ֽ֪ǶܿĿҲֻһˣȴڷ
Ǹ˿񣬾ڿһֻϡ
һֳھλ˼Լ˲Żеһǵһμ
ɱţҲһ˲顣
̶̵ļ֮ڣҲ벻ͬһôֲͬı飬ⲢΪһͳ׽Ӳ
Ǹ˻֪ʲôڲϵİǰƣʱǰ֪ӦȰ˲ҪټˣתȰ򵥵Ķ
ǰ˵ͷһĽ¶һ˿ЦȻһֻ
µϲûֻǼ򵥵һ˫޳ֻ֣֣ʱȴסĽղסǰ
Ǹ˾ʹס˽ᱻԼŪۡ
ǧһ֮ʣȻ˵ס֣
һ·һȺһ֪ˡ
ͬʱҪֹס£·Ǽ򵥵ȥֹǸշɳһҪµ֡
һжڵʯ֮䣬õ˸ʲô²˽סû·ǷǸ˵İֱӽ˻ȥ
СģǸ˴һȴǶȺ˺ģٲȻһҪ˷ɹȥӣԼڿļƣ˰ûκˣֱֱ䵽˵ϡ
Ǹڵϣ
¿ǱߵļˣߴʱѾճһƬء
ʦ˶ɵˡ
վڻµղǰ淢ʲôû̫סֻǾǰ棬̫һͨͨҽСѧͽԲĽȥġ
ǻ¿򶨵ӣģĻüϤİ
Ϥǣǰڰٲõʱ򣬻Ҳһرĵˣ۷ʲôĵĸǽǰǺܶæ
İȴǣǰ˳ֵúİİǸһֱվҩСѧͽ񶼲һˡ
֪ͽܶԸʲôֵ顣Ǹ˵С̲ܽϣҵıϣһ
һƬϸϸ˵Уɱ
ΪԼ͵͵ĳֲᱻ˿ʲôģҲԱߵ·ܲ³ʵˮƽû뵽ͻȻĳߣǱʲôӦÿġ
ؿŶǸˣܺãҲߡ
Ҫ˵ƾʲôǸӰǻ¿϶ֱӾͰͽˡ
Ȼʲôǻ·ŹͽܣϹ˵˫һ
ƹɫʮص·Ȼתͷʦ˵ôûбŵɣ
ţûУûСʦæҡͷղžͿºˣȻˢˢӾˣΪΧ̫򵥣ʲôû
ῴŻµЦ˺ȻڰٲÿοԷʱһ磬Һ㡭Բ𣬸鷳ˡ
û£û¡ڻ￴óиոһ˿ĲбϢº͵ĶʦҲ˳ܳʱˣҲûôˣܹסҲǽң˶û£̫ˡ
ǰ
·һԣһֹʦͻˡ˳ܳʱˡҲûôˡҡ
ŶԻµĻޱŵʦ壬ôһ˲䣬ԵΪ졣
þò¸ʦ˵껰󣬶Աߵ·û뵽Ҳ˰

һ

·һĬĬؿŵ, , ʵʱװ, Ҳ˵ʲôġ
ỪѾͷתˣҲװʲôû
¿·, ϴ˼ʱʵԶ
·һ, û°æһ顭Լ
ôһ˵, ºȻ;·̫ô졣
ԱߵĻƽһֱʮֺ۹Ż¡
ڻƽĹ˵, һݺ, ûֺĽܻеģû˳
ʦ壬Ӧʲôû͵͵ͷ㲻ºʦ֮䵽ô¡
·ͻ֮仹е㶫ĵġ
Ͼϣ±Ҳȥһ·, ΪǮʵ̫.jpg
ʦɵǺǵģûͻƽǰЩ, ҪȻȥ, еࡣ
˵֮ʦųΧһۣȻͱһ
˶ڿߡ
Щ˶ϻеɷĽ, ǵ۾ǵϵʱĻֱӴ̵ĸо
һ˫һ˫Щ۾ﶼ˸ŲͬȴƵĹ⡣
֮ǰûй, һֱעŵĸо
վ̨룬һһõĻģĲģÿһڱ޵ķŴ󣬶ڱ˹עš
ָоʵڳĴ󲿷ҲڿģǸĶڿǰĻ¡ʦֻǱˡ
ʲôĸо
һξʦ壬ԺȻ͹ˡ
±ı飬ʦƽʱĻ£ûӦòһӦֳϵˣֳ֮ͬкһ
οûִ͡ŰһණԵȻҲû취Ӧֳϡ
ʦҲû룬ͬ˸»Ľ顣
ƽ·Ƕûʲôо·ǵıϰˣƽôҲǸС㣬ƽʱעӵĿҲ١
ǻص·Ҳɢȥʦûʲô£ҲͻԼȥˡȥ֮ǰ´˸кȻתͷ˻ȥ
֮ʦţ˴˿
źҲոĻԾ̱һûٶһ¡
ôˡôĻþ
ʦԼؿڣܹܵ໹ڿƲס
ֿϤĸоһһʱʱĻߣΪⱲӶʱ򣬺Ȼ͸ôһ
ҲֻǻºǸ˳ֵķʽһˣԲŻָоʦ롣Ͼ书ߣҲû˽֡
ŬԼƽֱӵķӦȴ
סôˣ

·ƽѾ뿪ˣº·š
ո·ûƽȥڵһʱƽƢ·ģǵǸӦ˻ƽʲô飬ƽŷŹ
¾һֱԱ߳°Ϳ˰Ժͺ棬һֱƽ߳ȥŶ·¶һЦԹĹǿʵĻ¡
·òװѻƽȰߣһǹЦʱ֣ɱϹ롣
ʲôˣ·ʣ·仰ҭһ£Ȼ߷ߵ˵ӻͦʵģû뵽ʵҲǸʵˡ
ðɲŮòԸ£ʲôڵģŴ˾Ǻû뵽һǸӵ·ȻҲˣ롣
·Ըȥ⣬ʹӿڴͳһֽ˹ȥ
·ӹϸĿһ飬氲ĺŲ衣Ҫ֪鱨Ҳǲ׵ģϾҪһݼȲй¶̫ණֲ·һۿ΢ֳһרҵˮ׼鱨ҲҪ㹦ġ
±鱨ĹǺǿģû·ڿ
⸽Ƚˡµ˱ڸŲһ£ȷʵкܶͷߣұϾҪģЩҲ㡣
õǷ鱨ϣѸвȵ׶ˣ·Ҳʲôֵˣʲô׵鱨Сĵ㣬ҪԼá
⣬ǵöԵԼġ
ܹ»ʳѵĻ¾Լǵö·΢һģ˫չĺ·˺ܾã󿪿ڵԣǸɵİλӶǰ⣬ûʲôĻĿ𣿡
ûˡ³°͵ĻбĿ갡˶ԭƲ⣿
Ʋ⡭˵ϣֻһѡ·ֽϣûȼ
˵˵˵һܰһæ¶·ʲôҲܺ棬ϾѾһƬ书˵ܸߵˣ·ĻȴɣԼǲ©ʲôˡ
ȷʵôһˡ·һתȼֽһ˵ţһֱ֪ͦȥˣϾͷ˿ҵˣôʱȴȫû˵Ϣ
϶Ҳ˵ˣҲ֪ûټ
˵˵µıһ˿ˣ˵ڿһոµƱڳ֣Լܴ·ٿٳ»ʳ
һƬȻûˣôͲаأǲǶĲϿɣ
ȥ껹ԾģͲ֪ȥҲڶ϶Ұɣĺܺʱȥġ·
¥ӳȥɱ֣磬֪𣿡

һֽм˵أӵĶ澲ؿ·ʲôûзһ
Ȼ·ȴ֪ôһ˲䣬¶ʱѾͣˡ
˭ͣ
ֽȼʱĳĻ𻨶ڻµǰչֵһ
գϻû¶κζ
Ų豭ɫʣ㡭ΪʲôǸأ
Ϊǿмȷʵʮء·һĸ·š
ˣҾòǻ˳ˣƲһڽ֮У˵Ҳ֣ʧʱ䣬Ǹ˾ͺȻˣҲ֪жע⵽һ㣬ҾñиͬɵӦҲ١
·ϸ±ļķ
ҺãԷ̽ģľġ
˵ôɺϵ顭·˵һ룬ȻͣӿڴͳһСͲεصԴ㣬һֱر˷ܡ
¿ǸСͲװ֮ǰӻȡĹƳͲ
ڻ𣿡ʡ
ǰʱ䵹ȥţϧһȦҲû˸Ҫ·˵йϢ˲١
ȥòҪºѡ
ͷ֪𣿡·ȴûµĺģǺȻһ飬ҷиصĵط㲢֪书ԽߵǰֵľԽл
ĿǰֵԾˣ㡣Ż˵



·ѹӴ, Сӷ˳ȥ, ˻µϡӵĶӣⶫžֻڼ׳, ʱҲͦȵġ
ʵ, Ҵû˭סֻӡ·˵Ϊӻ, ΪϴЩʲô˼κ, ֲַǡ
ֻӵĹ𣿡ʡ
һ˵, 书õ˱书Ҫֻӡ·ֲ书õˡ
ӡ置ĹƳ档µ, ҾӴҩ, ΪӲŻܵġ
𣿡·ͷС˵
ٶʲô, Ͱѳֻ˻ȥ, ﻹڲͣţǸѪСʱڲͣ
и󡣡·, ԵĻܸһѪ𣿡
¿˿װѪĹӣôһʱȥѪҲɺ, û´֮ǰЩѪӦöǴӻùģѾˣ·ҲӱĵطòʲôѪ
ҸоѪֻ, ܹȥ·ֻӼʲôӡ
ûʲôĵ˵ͷԡ

»ȥ·ϣ·˵Ļ·Ʋʱڽȫ޷ͻȻðһˣĻϵһġ
ҲܹҪֻܹţѹͲôܹһΡ
˿ʼ²Ǹ磬ǻ»е鷳ˡĲ˵¥Ϣ͵̼ܵ
һܴ̼ߵĻͿ϶ܵơ
㽨Լ鱨ƻȻˣЩЦԷǡ
ţһ·ˣЩǸղſǸ˶ŹģῴȻҲϳʼں˽
¸ΣĵǱָָ㣬Ƕָָ㡣
ûǴĻ⻹ǡ¡ͷһôĳͷ
ⲻãⲻ͸ԭΥ𣿻ҡҡͷ˸˵ĵطߣպþڽ﷢˸ղ뿪Ļƽ
վڽڵддҲ֪дЩʲô
дʲô´չȥһۣΪƽٶ̫죬ʲôҲûͱڹȥˡ
ƽٶȼֱ͸һûĶһҲ㹻˵жôѸˡ
ƺǱһһۣҡҡͷûûдʲô
Բ𡭡ŵˣҲġ¾ûʲôǵ˸ǸܾĪھΡ
ôͳˣ·أƽʡ
»ŸոջƽָоܾĪЩϤʱ·²ŷϤ֮ġֱѧʱ͵͵̸СŮȻץʱķӦһһġ
Ŷء
ϼֿҪ޳Цݣָָ˵ҸճӦûûߣڹȥܿˡ
ллƽŻµлȻɿ˹ȥ
¿ŻƽɱӰںƳ̾˿ֶСĽתͷȥ˽æһ顣
˻Ǹ磿ڻ½ʱһֱڷʲôæȻģ˻µĻ󣬶ˣûסЦ˭뷨ֱǡ̫ˡ
µüͷ΢΢һ
ideaȻǿáݵ
뷨˼ֱǸšĪĳһ䣬Զ·Īӳյ˸ޡ
תͷۻ£㿴û˼̬ΪǸαôüģ˼ʲôֻ֪ܿϹµ˶ûأʲô
Ϊ¶𡭡롣Ȼڽвǲ¶ˡʵǶԵģڽп϶ǡΪʲô߼ôҡ
վһǽУϵı鼫ḻһ䲻Цһһ䲻Цһ
Խı飬˻ǲǷˡ
¿žֳĽ}ûţļ򣬡ЦЦе󱳷
ô찡취ҪȻ⼸ųһ£
ô壿
ΪˣͶݳȥҥԾͲˡãҲݳȥˣƽʱҲôס
ô˵ͦеģ¾Ǿﲻ̫ԡ
ȻĿǰ»ûﲻ̫Ծĸо
߼ĻӦûġ
ҪȻ׳ȥһȦ
ãĿߵҲͦ࣬Ļ͸˵Ҽǵ᰺͹Ķˡ
һߵͷһ˳ȥȳŲĥǰȫ˦ˣ˸ͷβ˦ƹ
ҪݳȥҲúúñһʱ便ȥģǻᱻ˻ʱȥǲ塱ġ
ϣһ͵͵ĥһյСƣڴõʱ֪ʲôʱ͵͵ĴӺԺ˹Ͼʹ˸ĵ£һҪ޵ӣ¿΢Щ棬ôˣͷһοôһҹ̸ĵģ
͵͵˹ȻԱһԲҲ˵;صڣȻﲻסһ˵죬ȥׯˣ
ԣ·ˣӾҹȥһҡµ
š˻᳤Ȼڣ£ԴǰٲãҾʹûʹ֮ǰɣ
ԡ
ʵҲ֪ǰ߽ʱʲôӡҾԸҲһǸֱˡҿһǳ׼ģû
˰죬ĬĬʣ˵ʲôˣ
ڽׯϵģ֮ǰһˡͷʱ˵ġ
ôΪʲôûһתȻһر˷ܵ˵
ѱµ򰡡춼ĿˡûشĻֻ˵úᵱ𡭡οĻͦĵģҲûʲôٽĴ㡣
㵱ꡭûиɹʲôر°˷ܵʡ
ر£ЦЦ
ƿ˳ȥô£ôûģ㻹˯ɣһỹóȥѲء
ӻʲôҲûʳĪЩ䣬ߵһʱȻͣ˽ŲͷǧС
תͷʱȻſϣһҲԽԽ
ųȥĻ£Īеʧ䡣һ԰˰죬һȥ˯һתͷȴȻԱһ˫۾
˲䱻˫۾һ
Сô⣿Щʣ㣬ʲôʱģ

Ű

վ, ˵ղš
˿ŵԼСĸ, ԺҪҹվǽŻˡ
˹ŸղŻ뿪λʣҹ𣿡
ǡ˵Сȥ˯ˣʶġ
ǰҲ, ǰҲǡ˵ÿγţҲǡ
㻪еԼ£ҪϹ, ȥ˯ɡ
Ƶ, 뿪ǰһۣյģ¹ͬϪˮһ㡣
ҵׯĳһ, ˻û˯, һЩȽϻȵĻ⡣
ոյǼ£˵˵£Ϩ, ˵ҹ̸ôʼˣһ㶼ֻ֮Ϲ죬̫, ԵķΧȽŨ
ʲô£и룬Ǹ
ԣǸ¡Ǳߵת˵
Ҳ˵¶֪ﴫģ÷ϡǱһ˵Ǹôܻ磿žԼϹģȫûиݵ飬Ǹе磬ˡ
ǰǸڶ˵ĺǰǸħ̽Ҫ֪˵Щʲôиڽ˵
һ˿Цô󣬿Ӧû¥ʱͿʼչˣôܹôãһֱ¥ûз֣
Ҳòܣ˵书ߣֻǾá˵Ǹ˸ԲϱߡԱһ˵˵ǸϲɫĶңϴɫѣ˵ҲܵͳҲûǻĸо𣿡
ԱΪһ仰һЦ
˽˰죬ڼŸ²ۺ͸ֻۣһ棬Ȼ䵭˵ô˯
һڣΧ˾ͶȻһᣬ˵ҲǡôˣЩеûˣ컹顣
ǡ
･İոտ˵˷˸¶Ǻ۵İü
˶֪ǸˣнӴ˺ûӴֲ̬ͬȡЩûӴ˿Խֵ˵ЦС
µʱ򣬾ĪĻоһֿ־壬ʮرܡ
ΪڻǵãǸи˴ɲĸоԼԴһЩԸ
ϢǴﴫأü˼⡣ȷǸھ˻ǻš
ΪΪˣԭĿУ˻ׯȻܻ˸ûУЩ㲻ϵϢоʮֵԻ
˵ʱԻ顣֪ϢǶԼģǵյΧ˵ģǻׯΪ˵ԼϹġ
ڵľ̫ӣʡʡӰɣü룬˵ˣ컹Ҫȥׯӱܲ˼졣
Щ죬ܶ˵ж¶ЩԻ󣬲˵ϻǿҵһЩƲ֤ݵģ֤ݵԴͱȽ⡭
Ҫһ˵ˡǵãи걳¨
ԣи˺ܾõ֣а
һһˣ浽һþꡣ
ϲڳ֣ôͿԿ϶ڵӦòһһˡ
ȻǴ˵ģ˻иԼܹƲ⵽жϷ
ƺÿһµİʱͻͷβһһΰİ񵥡
ŵĲּһһµİ񵥣Ǽʮ궼ỻһεܰܰǽжϵһҪָ꣬ƺҲһΰǷϸҪָꡣ
ΪŰˮ׼ȻһҲԲӹ֮ͨӹֻ֮򵥵İдȥǰ
ÿʫҲлݵ䣬ʱһ׾ʾ׵ʫݰϵʿЩʫҲʿһ
ָ߶˵ĲȺڵĹעȣַɣƸ׿ΰԹ˳
ЩõģҪ汾죬֮ô׷һҪԭΪÿһܰǾܻзֲĶ
ңΰŰʱŰ֮ǰһ¾ѾԤ˰񵥣ȴͬмǵʱ˱˺棬ȴôʶֵˡ
ʱֵ÷з˺޲óŰ󺰣ĻǺĻ
ʮ֮ڣʱϵ֮һȫͻ𣬳Ϊ˽Ŀǰϵʷһǧӿǰϵһ֮
˳һᣬλǰõһѽڱŵء
ЩڽϺ켫һʱοҲûȫ֪ǰŵİϣ˶ʵûκ١
İҲپɧΰԡһ˵Ĳͬݲͬʱڰϳ֡ΪɣֱӰʦͬʱħ󻤷ףȫĴп񳱡
ΰڰдһn˵֣֣ʱλǰΪ˽ҪӲıһŰ񵥸ǹթݣ⵽˳ҵ׷ɱ˽Ϻü׮Ѫ
֮İʵŶȺܸߣɧƵȺϲּһ£ôڴҾ⡪
һڼİУ羿ŵڼλأ
Ȼ˿еĺڶôڰ֮Уܷ񿴼Ǹ˵أ
Щ⣬ȺǻǱȽϲּģȻʱ˿̣Ϊͷͺ

Ҿ͸˵ҸʺϸһСƹ·һߺžƣһ߰οǰˡȵģ˶ԵúԺӡ
ʱʦǳǩʵ±Ӧóǩģκһʦֵߵߣʣֺ˱ƣеľҡ
·ֿЦõĸо˵ֿ±ó˵֪ˣ˵αأ
ûʦôֲһôණǳǩͷӾˡ·æǸ񵥵飬һͷŵİϵһ룬Щ书Ķûĳ
˵ҪǲãǲǾͲˡ
·ͷʺţקŰȥѾƣ˳ʣµôˣܲųŲ˵ҲЦ㣬Ұ취
ܰʲô취˸ãҵһ㹻˵˵ģŭģǵһǵһ˭ҵҶѰ
·ŰͺȻյ˵Сһ䣬ʵֶͿѹıԲԣ֪Ǵ˭Ӯ˭Ӯȫɣɳˣ˼Ҿ¡
´Ρٺȵ㣬ȶ˰ҵܶ˵ˡ·һҲ̶õĵ֪ûʦãҲϹɰƵģ˭֪Ǹд˭ӮԲԡ
ȻͣεĽŲתͷһһѾĿ⿴·һۡ
ģôأĵĵõȥ𣿡
·һʼûĥȹʮȻòԾ˻ᡰһ˻֡һ
Ҿ͸˵ɡã˵Ҹ֪ôдȻҳ취
·ŰȻź˰죬Ҳ֪˵Щʲô
Ŀǰ֪ܣô׾ٵĴһˡ
һƿˣˣôصԶ飬ǽɡ

ÿ

⼸Χз̸ŸָǸйص飬󲿷˶˾, Χ޷Ҳ㡣
һ, ôܻȻôô¥ʱѾˣ
˵Ҳȷʵɱ¥, ǲ֪Ϊʲô, 󲿷˻ǲ飬Ϊڴȷʵһţ˾籾ţ˾籾**oss籾Ҳһ˼ϸˡ
⻹һǡڴߴߴʵ̫ɹˣԴ󲿷һźɫҵʱò
ôִɫĶأ
㱻Ժϸϸĥһ¡һ, ˡһֱͦİҰ֪㾪˵Ļϴλº·ǴνӴȷ²һҽﵱСѧͽˡ
ˣ¿Ǵ·ȥŵİȫݵġ
ĸһ㱳ûеĴȥŵİȫݣ˵´·ȥŰȫݵΪܱȥ¥ӪҪˡ
ڵڶ, νĺɫҡǾ͸ӵûë
Īľ;ԽԽ, ȻȷԼ²Ĳ㣬һ¡
·֮ǰ˵һȽر£ǾǵǸڶǸһ, ·һ죬Ҳһ
ȻǰЩ죬ӦȥμʱͺȻڽׯ￴˻, һһȻð˳˰޵ľϲ뾪š
ʱڶԷ֪СͻʱȺ֮еģȫС̶£һֱûƽϲ˿
ʱˣһ˵ôĿǰӵ˵ӦҲôɣ
ĿŻ¸·ȥ飬ȻĿŻƽ߳ڽﻭ桭ʱʵһ·ļ˵ͻȽͣû˵
ɺʵ̫࣬԰ҲνġڶСӦ磬ΪĿǰΪֹ⸽Ҳڶϱ׼ˡ
Դ۵ʱ򣬾һֱЩΪǸڶмġ˵ľĻô˵׼Լ᲻ҲһЩͬƵƲ⡣
˵ԼرȽģò׼絽һʲôˣͬ˶һܹŴߵһһʲôıܹ鵽ݣȴ֪أ
иȽϿ׵淽ֱɱȥٲãڻǰһȦķӦ
ķӦȽ⣬ǻͿȷĲˡֻǡ״Ҳȥӡ
ҪСĽˡȻ
ˣ⡣
ѹ֮һ˵֣ôϺ˻᲻ʶġ˵ĿУǾһʵ֮ӣµˣ˻νĺڰһ档
ڷ֣ʵ񲢲ܡһЩǸ󲻵Ķ
·۰Դʶͻ϶ûûκɥ״̬رӣˣʱŴȽء
ȻвԾ·˲Ϸǳᣬ˶ԲμΪҫҲ
ȻһЩboss˵־ۻϲµʱ·˲ǰϷֹ飬˲ͱý
˵ʲôѾ˾ϣֻʣ·һĿĿǰ档
𡭡

⼸סĻϰ𣿡Χļʵ
ǳУȻһĴܹ׵ĸΧ˷ֿ˿ȴûһӣʮֵ׺
Ȼ׺ĵ£һֵľǧ֮䣬ʿһҹһӶѧᣬû30꣬Ѿֵôˡ
·վڽΧеŮ͵͵ĽĿ⿴ŽǸǳ˵ˣҲӦóΪ֮ӡ
ûа˼аϵĻ
·۽ƺһ̧ͷ˹ЦЦ
ӦǷǳ˼ҲǱѰϸ壬紫˵һ㶼һء
·תͷ뿪һҹӱȽѶԸһ˼ϸ壬źܶڰҹӣҪѶԸӵĿ¡
Ŀ·뿪תͷǰЦһ£Ȼ뿪
תͷʱŲԽԽ죬ԽԽ졭ڶһӡ
ﻪһߺȲˮһߵ
ôɫôÿֵĿһۣɫʮֲõ˵ղ·ϡһֵˡ
ֵˣĪ¿۽˾ӣ
ʮֲˬֿۻ£ҪƾݱǸеģһֺһѾ۹⿴ҡ
㶮𣬾Ի˾öĵ񡭡
ɫСе˼άʮַĻºȻһֵĴʡ
ɫһѾıԼҼôˣͷһֶ񺮵ĸо
˾ǶôĿ£ý¶ı飿ĪЩ档
ȲˡתͷŻµҪôַ˼Ӱ
취ʱûС͵͵ĴŽı˵һϢ
˴ЩǿҪһۻᣬۻĹģͦģʱ֪Ҫ
üͷ΢΢ţһɿˣǺ°һ𣬾òˡ
ڲҪۼҲǾۼĿʲô
Űѷųһ㣬ԴУ͸¶һ㣬ȻӦĸıۻҲõϢ
ʵи󵨵뷨Ѿۻֱӿֹס
Ϣģʡ
º˿ڲ裬ϢԴҪģҾûбҪһ£һʲôˣҲȽϷ㡣
仰üͷͳɿˣʲôһȻˣ¾ͽ㸺ˣټ
һˣеɵۣ᲻е̫򵥡
һôϢɱ˿¾Ͳˡ
⻰ôĪĳ¸ʣͿѾתͷ
ʱ䣬ͻѣҳȥһ˰ɡ
Ҳáµ

ΪδҶѹ춹

¸Ž, ûڶ, Էһ, ˸ɫģִȽϷϴĿжӡ·
ԽҹİгȥЩãȻʵʵĸųˣ˾ֱӳźڵС·, ԽԽãȻ
ƽʱͽȥ, ޷Ҳȥйص, Ͻ֮ǰ˵Ȼζߵˣȴһֶû˵أûеãȻ
Ǹ˽ȽϷˣ⻹ͷһʲôҲ˵ʹ³, ܾﲻ̫Ծ
͵͵ʽҪȥģ
ȥķ
ķȥǸʲôɻ
еûȥ氡
ţһʣ֪𣿡
ſ϶֪֪ˣһôȥ
һȫµĿ⿴Ž
һֱΪһ, ⻹ͷһζԽȫµĸĹۡ
棬ֱǵ찡
ŻžһҶķ, ¿ǰķְҵԭһǰķ
ж, ȷʵǸͦĶķ±˴ͷ
ΪڵԴ֮һҲǶķԻиȽϿ͹۵СĶķʹڻҲģԻƲӦһߡ
Ȼʱȷķ˭ĵطѾ˺üѡˣ۽ȻҲ˸ңȻ⶷ұȻµҪСôһȦ
롣Żһ֣¿ˮĶЩ׼Ҫ
û׼˼һ̧֣ӣͷͽȥˡ
ȥ֮һӦǻŮϵ㣬ֱܹĳࡣ˿ǰЩ۵ĶͽǰһƱһ
ºͽһһҽӣе㵣ģԼͽװģ᲻ᱻȥû뵽ſڵ˼ֲֵȥˣ΢ЩգԼȷʵ㲻ֶ̫ΪʹԼĵطҲôȥ
Ǹոսȥ
ʮıһȻӿڴӣҲʮĵְѹﱧ˹ַȽҪ𣿡
ᡣ
Ҳνҵľˡ𣿡
С
ϻ洧·ƱһֱûóĬĬĴӿڴ˳ݸ˽
ʮֵĽ˹ȻȻһ£ӻµĽǶƺǲ㶵ģҲԼ㶵ǻᷢ£ȷʵǱƱˡ
˻ᣬСһ䣬ȻƱ˽ȥּģӦòΪôһż򵥵ƱסģǾϸͲôƱԲŻᱻ
ɻôأڳҲʮͭ壬ԭ㻨Ǯġ
ǮĴ˵ǰʱһֱŵģ˽µǮʲôֵǮ
ң֪ƱԼĿڴ
ƹһĶΧЩ˻ߵĶͽǣ»СǸĺϵС㣬¶̫ҸĽӴ±ϱֳĻǸӣȻȻ¶ķ̬ȣýе⡣
˵ұΪǸˣȴû뵽ⷽҲͦһְ
ҡ̫óһ߱С㣬ĿЦһ޺ĸ͵
ǰ˰죬Ū׽ΪʲôҪˡ
ֵطԶĵĶܶ࣬ҡ֮ǻģ齫ƾԼһЩ¸вֵġһ֪ڶʲôĵطͬҲкܶࡣ
˽ȥȻ棬Ȼһǽһİӣд
ЩһѪдţܲϾֻп˲Żúд֡
Щɫǹţǰǿ첼һ̼ΪЩֶ
Աߵģĵڶǡ硱⴦ֱ΢΢úʻһ棬û¿Īеۡ
ڶʲôǸС㣬Сһ߽Цһ߸ܶ˶ڲһֶķĵаϵоһƣһƣ˻ǶŵģֶķҲӦ˶
Ŀǰϵŵľνʵͱŵ˵ڶλã˵һͶʮˣ֮绹Ǻˣǻ»ôô൱Ĵ۾
أоȻڵڶλã˵׶Щʲôˡ
¿۰ϵ֣ϵĿ˲ˣδĹǰ˵ڰˣлɽɵˣŵ˵ʮλá
ļŰûô̫ģΪԭʱѾͳ¥ˣһʵľû̫ˡ
ЩӦûǻһģϱӵİų֮ǰʮͲʶ˶һģһһСľģڵڰ˵λãһѹûֻ֣һţСʦġ
ϱӼûطʦûгڰϣľֳˡͲ֪˭Ҳǵһλá
λľһֱҲû³˭¥²⣬˻һ͢ˣһѾܾöûгڽϵĽӽˡ
ķȻܷųľֳ㹻û¸ܵķıһˣϾû㱳ˣֶϱ綼ǺܾԺ˵ֵġ
񵥵ǰȽϳµϣǰһүӣѾˣҲһŰ񵥵Уһֱʮȶ
ڶ׹ۣ¥ˣλþͱȽϳˣλֵ˵ûô̬Ҳͦ
һһ¶ʶˣΪҲһֻ֣һš
ôǵһ¿ŰЩ£ǸŮӵְɣ
ڰ񵥵ĵһϣ춹־ͱд·һɽС
ֵĴСҪһȦǳİ
Ȼ˿ı䲻˼˶ʶ˵ʵ
˭ԼС㣬СҡҡͷҲʶֻͷдȥġ쿪ʼ˻һǮѹ˵ϣ½½ʮȻ˾ͳǶķĵһ
ôأͷһǮôŵǮ̫˸вУһãȻǮǲǸɵӵʱ򣬾ͿƱ˹ȥǸ˵ѹ춹
ȥһ˹ѹʲô춹ǮˮƯ𣿡
ۻ£ĵζ˵ʱ򡭡̫氡

ΪʲôƢ

, »ĿԼƱѹǸ춹ϣֹĻᶼûС
΢ᰡ, ΢ᡣĬĬתͷ, һ첽ʧȺ֮СЩΪͳ˴ƱͶ̽Ŀ⡣
ûȥͶ춹ôľһӮģʡ
͵ҿ˳۰ɡôε˵
Χòƶѹ˺춹˶ͦġϾǿ޷ɵӻǮΪԽԽѺ˺춹ϣ𽥵ҲʼעֶϤ, ʼ²˭
춹ҪҪȥû˰æһ£롣
ƺҲֻǴ¸ע, ڻ˻µǮ, ʮֵŻ³ȥˡ
»Сڿ˻עĶƺԥһᡣ
ڻһȻʵԭǶע춹ġ˵˭һҲû, ôע
µĿСһ, ľ, СӦþҪ׻ˣķһͬʱҲռ鱨档
ǿѺ춹ģҪһ춹˭
Цһ׼ֱӰŪȥԱߵĽȻӹ˻磬Ǹܿµˡ
ˣ»еСһӾס, תͷô˾Ͳܽк춹𣿡
˵ţȻֺݺݵһ», ºãȻĽӹ˻ǰ˾Ͳܽк춹𡣡
˭˵ˡֵĶ춹˽һ㡣
˽һ㣿˵ѵˣҪ̫Ѱˣȥ˽һû˵ֵˡ
Ϥͷװӵô˵ȻΪûп
ܿˣʶһ죬ӦҲԶˡ
˵⻰ʱ򣬾ͺһһĪЩ߶߶ġ
СӲĪĻ˰졣
ºͽӶķʱɫţ¾ͷڸǡ
ӦҲѾˣֻ˵͵͵ù۲һı飬һﵽʲô㣬ȻȻҲ
󡭡С˵ɫļӿ˽Ų
ȺһֱĸŽǣ˾ͺһȴһת֮󣬺Ȼʧȥټ
ӵˡͷǸ׳ɫʮֵĲãѾˣɴʹεĽ˳
ʲôͷ
׳ɫÿһ֪춹ʲôˣ˵˺춹Ǹ˵ܡ
춹Ǹеģֵµ˶һ㶣ȻϢ˵Ҳһ֡
Ȼǳģиոһ˲ʧӰ
ôһȺˣûһע⵽ոʧģⲻò˵һʮ˴ܵ飬ͬʱҲ˸ӵľȻֵѡѺעˡ춹
ͨĶĿֶˣǸ춹Σ
׳һ۵ȥɣⲻܴˡ
ǡ
Щ뿪֮󣬻ºͽĬĬĴǲԶĵط˳
¿۽ʣǵʲôˣ
ҿոͷ˵ṦеϤ۾΢΢֮ǰЩһ
ҲᣬǰǸͷһһɱֵĸоýƷһЩۣͬʱҲЩ˼⡣
üͷҲɿˣ૵ˣֲã⸽ôĶķֻһк춹֮֡ǰͺͱйӴ𣿡
ҲЩװͿղһ֪¥ǼҶķȻ¥ġ
ԩ·խ
¥ĶķһƱڻֻܼϣǸ춹㷭ֻ˾˭¸ôߥúŬһ£һ
ºͽϴϴ˯ˣ춹ִӰȴʼնûɢ
ʵ¥ֵµĶķҲкܶģǰѺ춹ֹȥģĿǰҲôһħõǣֲѣһҾͻȻĪ˵һ
ʵʵҳĵһͷǺܶģв˶ڰƲ춹˭
춹֮İӷɸõϢȻʹıסͷ춹˭Ǵðġ
Աߵ·ԭֻڰοţοοţԼҲȶˣҲԴ˵ǸŮ˵֡
ʶĸƯָ߳Ů𣿡ʡ
ôܻʶ
⼸һֱĪЩĲһֱѹŵ˷ڰӿţ˷ʮֵķǱѰ
ƺ֣һصһֱǵĿţǸطһķ
ż˰ҹرʵȥȻ͵͵Ϊжһֱرεģ֪Ҳֻ˽ĵ˵ֱ죬һʱϴ־ɵɫʣǽȥ𣿡
ûаԱߵ˶ҡͷ˵⼸ȽΣգǲҪҶˣǾͶûȥôˣ
ǼȻûȥôȥѺ˺춹ǸŮ˵˵ǻʶˡ
һ伤ǧˣ˲仨Ͼըˡ
Ϣʱһɲɫ
ô˵ģʲôˣ
ӦûزɡǱߴ˺þˣͻȻᱩ¶ݵġ
Ѻ˺춹˭
֪˵ŶҵˣһźڵģһŰ׵ġ
ô찡ҪҪ˵
ҪɣǴȥ𣿡иŮС˵Ȼ˭ʶ춹

ҪȻ˵һɣһ¡

ʱһһʵһ߿ŹӣһŽٰľۻᡣ
ţȻͷɽһֻСּԼצӵݸ˻¡
°ֽСּȻ˿ָʲôϢ
Դӵ˸˦ƹķ֣Լ˴ְλ⣬ʲôòģĿǰʱԼҸϢУʱʱмûˢ۵ġ
·ֽһۣȻһ㶡
Ŀ˺üۺ󣬺Ȼ̧ͷ˿졣
ôˮô壬ôãôãȻ
콭ĳΪʲôˡ
ڳʫûѧð
ⲻ԰Ĳԣͷβˡֹһᡣ¿Цͷ
̫ʫ黭治á
ҲΪʲôһ˻ᱻѺôǮˡ˻Ⱥɵ⻹˭ôǮûУ
Ѻע˵˭ǿסĵ²ֻۣǵд˼֣֪ˡ
ϢȥпҲһ£֪ˡʲô˼Ѿ֪Ѻ˭
û£һΪһСĸˣһء
԰μֱͲԱߵҲ΢ЩƣƢôͻȻôˣôأ

ۻῪʼ

й춹˵˭, ҲǷзһᣬڴ󲿷˶춹˭к춹Ķķ, պ춹Ҳûֳʲô粨
еļˣĿǰû֪֡
ɫʱ¶ݶŶֺֻСʱִ˴Ķ, ˻µһ£ȻԶȥ
Ǳ𡭡µĿһۡ
ųԶɵֻС𿣬Щε˵һֻСԸ̫ð˭Ű·ģ
Сȥĵطȥ, ¿һͣ, ȫǰɫ, һֱʹͷ, ͬҲһɫ·һͣĽҰ, ͸Ĺһģһġ
˳, ĳǰŰλϵһȫµİɫ·ֿǸ۾, ﱧŸ޵С
СʲôҲ½ĵһʱͰĿͶ, ֱ°ʱĺá
ӦһѴ, һƬڡ
һβǻׯ򵥵һξۻᣬͬҲΧ˶һ̽
˻ж٣ԼԷһѻŵ˶˳
һʱ䣬ϢʵѾųĲˣ֪ν֪ʵҲѾ֪ˣͿм˻
˵ξۻ˵һ̽黪µĻᣬδǻµһռЩϢĻᡣ
ܻ֯Ȳջ鱨һֱûʵʵʵҪǿܶ࣬Ҳ˻±Ƚóơ
ǻҲδûѻٽһ˼
ڻŵǰɱʱһ·ϲ֪жͣ·ߣӭһ͡

һССӿڴи˿⴦üͷ΢΢һ£ôףĳ𣿡
һɫë·۾һʺķ·ҪѪ
Աߵһקק·ɣС
Լûһ㵣ĵ˼ߵ˳ǰĴ˻˵
ߣ˼˻ᣬȻЦȻǾ͹ȥɡ
ھԶһСһüǰȻֵİɫԱߵƺ΢΢˿̱ɻ
ׯӦû¡ǰй𣿡
˽ƿһڼֱ͸ܱյĹײһľɫʲôַҪŰ¡
ǷֹǼסȥ·𣿡
ͬһС·ǰҲͬðͷС˵ǰطҲôǴֱʰ
֪ϴҼǵǲ䳵ȥġԱߵһģ˵ⲻص㣬صΪʲôҪС
һָָ˺վŵĻƽƽ˸۵Ըȥľȥģܣ
ҵǲ㣬ǸطͦµġЦ˵ʱҪǱſˣɱǡ
¥Զһطһ˳Ĭ
һźһ˫ɫ۾
˫۾ʮֵĺÿϸĿȥһָʮֲϵ䣬ƺҪͳܶࡣ
ʱһЩĵ˵Сĵ㣬ϴͷһֱò˳ۣȥ˵Σգ㡭
û¡Ǹ˺ȻЦµҲѾˣ˵Ҳҵ
ЦЩѣѵһɱ֣Աߵ˼״ֻ̾˿ȻĿ뿪

±˶һĵһյĽֵϡֵԵźܶķӣиߵС¥ڹŴҲǸ߲ˡ
һֵǻķϵģڰǰһֻ֣ͦصģջ˼ֵ˶Ѿˡ
ֲ֪бһȻֶúõĴɨһ£֪ʱֵҲûȻһ£Ѿװ޳ʱܹסȥӣֻʱûˡ
Ҳǡ֡ǲȫġ֡
ԭŵطһҾ¥ʺһطպþܹӴ·߽ÿһˡ
һһɫʻ˽ͣ˽ֵĲߣԼɫںڰȥֱЩ˾Щʲôˡ
ãĿһµ˹ڻµߣʮֹ˵´нЩռж˾˭
ǸǵڻׯͶĶУڻµѾû˿ˡ
ԭŻ»ռȵˣڶ̶̼֮ھҵôһ֪ʲôʱװĽֲֵ֪Ӻδקһˡ
ȥӡˡһɫģһƥۣ˵ôˣȺרҵ˶Щա
Ϊáû֮ǰ飬ҲֻһӣȻٰ˸ۼôһ̣Ѿ㹻ܵˣ˵ȥʲô顣
¥Ͽһᣬһ֣Աߵ˷ԸϣˣҲϣ˶ˣôôء
ȥˡ
ܾ̫רҵô¡
ǰµʲôҵȻѾˣҵǸոյģϾҵȫƾ³Էûа١
ĶûУųӵܰһ
ׯʲôֵǮأһĵطŨصĵط˵ֱǽڼˣͬһǻҲϲϵģ
ƬвԸⱩ¶ݵķϣʹһγôһ£ôˣ﾿ΪʲôҲЩжԵף˵Ѿʮֵľˡ
ҲǵһΣһĿȥ۲طķǣһ·ǵݣ¥Ͼĸӡ
̫ˡ
һˣһνһڵĽֵǽĸɫһ
ζ˵һΪʲôôࣿ
ôķӡƽʱڽ֮УǾһȺû취¶ͷӰһ΢֮£ͻɢ
Щ˽󣬶Լͬע⵽ֵ񲻺õ˸ֵӣõԽȥ
һ۾ͿǾµװޣͬµĵһĹ£Щȫŵģûе㣬

в˿ΧһЩİֻ棬һЩȴüǶٵĸܵһ˿Ĳͬ
ֲͬûʲôȴʼմڿ֮УչʾŸͬĴڸС


طϤ

һ·϶Ǳ˳, Ըոֻĸо
һ·ûпʱ·, ֻͨΧĽжġĽ, Ѱ˼һסӡ
ͨ˼ҵķ˵, Щδ̫һ, һлɢ˹ζ͵, ů, һ˿˿ζ
ζڻ, һŮ˵֬ζ, ζ, һ˿˿Ϣ
Ŷոմӳ·Χ˵ϲط
Ϣ˵ʵ̫Ϥ, Ͼʹô, ֲڹĶǱ䲻˵ġ
ԭֻ˳һѣѾֻῴһɭɭõ׼, û뵽Ȼһ硣
˵ӦģԱߵİʡ
ںܶ˵, Ϊ˻ʲôҩ, ڰ˵ĿΪϴǸڶҡ
Ȼ, طĻ֮ˣǺȤģҲ֪֮ҲûʲôһҪǸ˸ҵ
⸽Ҳû˵ʲô, ¥һģʱҲӦ߲̫Զ·۾
طôģ⻹ϡ档
ׯۻĵطҰķصأոڳķصأڣǨ֮˵ĵطַİɣֻΪ̫࣬ϴξۻֱӰѷطŵ˻ׯ
ôһطǻͷһΣһʱ䣬·ȻֲĸŹһЩ
ĳӶͣкܶ˴ӳͬôĿ⿴·ͰվǣѾͣ˲Ŀ⡣
ȻĿǰûһǺġ
·߻ĳഩŰ·ˣǵͶͯŮͯһСȫѩ׵ɫŮ˶СӲŻıӡ
ЩСһŲҰ׵ǵһɰǾʹ԰׵ͺͨͨ촽ĵ߹ȥקǡ
˸ոû̫㶮ôһ£ͱЩӸˣЩһ仰Ҳ˵ֻקˣЩ˸ߡ
ЩưһСľٶĪľüЩЩز۵ͯ顣
·ŹǵһСӣҪȥקĸ첲СһӾͶ㿪ˡ
·ק˵˼˿գԼǾһ¡˵ոûʲôһҲǶ㲻ģ˭뵽СӾô㿪ˡ
ǸСӾһץסҲСһվڲԶ˦ſӳЦЦ˫۾ڳġ
ЩС·𣿡ƽȥȻͿС˼ӵȡһյССĵƣȻ߾Ÿ·ûͷ
˵Ҳ֣СеĵһⶼûУСӻǰٵԶԶģյԼһ
⸱ֺǿҵΥ͸УϾûм˻Դһյûеĵơ
·Ƕһ£׳ŵӸ˹ȥ˵Ҳ֣ո⻹ûӣǵĪĺ⣬ֺֻһЩʶ෴ϸ֮С
⼸Ӵȥĵطǽֵϵһкܶࡣ·ƿţﱻɨøɸɾ漸ļеһУƺѩ׵ġ
Ρô𣿡զ࣬ңһΣֻһãѾװеˣһȴ֪ӺδôһƬרŸÿ˶䱸˷䡣
ôһṦ·תͷȻǽǰһֵ֧ܡ
Ǹ֧ܾͰżȻͷһۣ·עⲻ
ҾϴǸڶҵѾ׶༪ˡȻڣ·ߵ˵˼רŪ硣
·ĪľЩĲԾȴ˵ô¡
׼ҸȴȻԱߵǸ߳һˣ˳һź
ӦǱ絽һġ
·˵ɫǳѿѿʹⰵĻ¶һ۾ϳѿ
·̲ס۲ۡ
ֻǸƺĴĴΧﻹƺһֱ߶šܣΪʲô֮Ļ
ķӦʮֵĹŹ֣ʲôһֽھĿ־壬ȷʵǺѴһġ
ֻӦҲǸողİɣô¶
·Ҳ̫·Ǹϲֵˡ
˾ͲҪȥڸôˡǱߵ˻Ĵ۲죬ʱ·ѾȻȻڣֵܣڸ
ͻȻһ仰Ǹһ
ܵʱķӦʵģ·ͻȻ֣һЩҪƣ·ͺȻһЩжϡ
ɫǸ˽ƽȻĵĽԼڳǸ˹ȥ
·˵Ҫ£ǾǴڸڵģոտһһֱʲô֮ܰġ
죬Ǹ˵ľȶ϶һ˿Цݡ
˵ûʲôֻżͻӣϰˣСŵˣǻǲ˼
ϰԵϾ·˵ûм˵ʲô˳Ǹ˵ĻͷǣĶеëģûë˭
ʲô֣Ǹ˵ҽаۡ
·
ǰǡҲ𣿡ĵʵ
ͷһΡʵ·ҲֻζѣȴװԼѾ˺ܶεӡ
ƺĵĿΧۣ·ܿóעһֱΧЩ·СЩ档Խľ˼ˣ£Ҳ˵ʲô
һܸһ𣿡·Ÿοʱ۾Ȼһ˿ڣҪЩ·ϡ
Ϊʲô
ΪҾһ߷ǳΣա˵
á·ĬĬ˵˼һᣬͬ˰˵ҪһߵĽ顣
˿ûе飬ȥ·ӵʱȴתԼӣſȡյ
˰ˣ·Ϊ档
ԼûиܵһһһֶطϤӣҲ·еĵ֮һ
ط·룬ʲôʱأ
·طϤôһϤˣȻҪߡ
һۿʲôʲôԲҪߡ
ۺȻ̾˿ͻȻЩˡ
仰˵ıȽͻȻҲЩûͷûβĸ˶ó˵⻰ĵġ
Ϊʲô⣿
·͵תͷ˹ȥȴְ˵ζĻʱǺƽģ˿Цûб

޴1

ʵ̫ˡվڻΪĵ˵
ûʲôʱۻô, ЩĻš
˵
ǰЩ, Ҳв, һЩ֯ģʲôţ¥һҲ˹ˡ
Ϊɶ֪ôܼ򵥣ղ˶￴˼, һǵ¥ʱͬ£һͬ¡
Ҫ˵ͬ, ʱۻкô, ˵һȫ֡
´ûϻǸƽ, ǵȷ¥Ŷʱ, 뵽Ⱥħˡ
ֻȺħܡǱҪһЩ, ֻǳ˵
ԭΪҲֻаֵ˰ˣ˭뵽ţͼһֶˡ
ϴССĽ˿½ǧˣǧ˾ֵϣȴƽƽľжһ
Ǳĵطãµʵһֱһѹĺ, Ҳ˼⡣
˵ׯʼɻģôΪʲôĿǰڻׯ˶֪ʼǸҽȥֻߡ˵طȺڻʼǴӻׯ
ЩԼ䲻ôһ, Ṵˮŵĺܶණǵʲô˲õĴ㡭
ǵ˺;֮һġ
е鶼ھĵĽеģʱƬغڰУҲ֪ŶٵĶ

û뵽طȻô󡣡
һڵһŮָŹ⻬棬һС˵ΣСһ㣬Ҫˡ
ֵطôѵõңŮתͷЦһ¡
΢ЩͣԵøӵĸϻܿóʱӣǸŮˡ
˵ףҲһˡνв֪ʱҵӷŵϣƺǱС©ģ˵ǰסһŮˡ
ꡣε̬ʮɢ⵹ҲǲֵġΪǵУҲһѡ
֮£Ҳǹ΢һЩ
˵⣬ϾĹô˵Ҳ߸ˡ
һȺϢ͵͵ˣǵжϣΪ޷ҲǸ֮еĴӣνġҩҲֻǹʵȽǿסġӡѡ
жôǿǵж⡣ΪǿɱӣȻѡӡ
Ҳǵһôˣ֮ǰЩνġҲǵ
أǸ˺Ȼʡ
֪ȥˣˣҲûʲô˻ġε
Ǹ˻˵ʱͺȻһԼĶ䡣
ܴ󣬿ȴܹڳÿһ˶
Ϊһһھץסע˵˺Ȼⳡᡱľٰߡ
˵һΪɳƵˣɤǱɰʯĥһֺĴԣȴǳɫ
ӭҽ
еͬͬĶ̧ͷ
ѰԴȴ˶Ÿͬ顣
ɴÿһ˵Ķȴһվǵǰ˵һ
ķʹ˶ĿʼȥѰ˵Ǹ˵˭
˵һ仰üͷС˵ԼۣǸԸŹֵͷ
ֻһ̫̫Աߵ˵ʱҲòô
Ŀ̫ˡǸƺҵЩѡ
Ǹ˵ڵîһһš
װϹ˿ǣȻЩס֪ЩʲôŵġǸƺǿѣԵø˷ܡ
˷ܻ˾Щ΢ĲʣΪһ˵Ӧú˻״»˷ܵġ
ЩԼ֮˵˷ܸлǾֵһԵ
Щʶľ˵˵˷ܡ
ǴĿģ
˶ĳΧȥ

Ȼ˴󶼹ŵѪҲôŹһĶ˵ͻ᲻ĸе֡
˶ҵ˫ںڰлǵ۾ȻûС
ò˿ʼΪֻſں˵ҪթǶѡ

мλɵĴЩħŵѡǸǵĶ˵š
ϡȻЦǷʲôǳ˼飬Ц÷ǳĿġ
Ȼź¥ˡǿССᰡ

ԭͼžĽֵΪ̶̵һ仰Ȼø
һϢ·ü仰˵֮󣬻ʲôһ˲ͱòͬˡ
ڴֵĸȻʶɱЩɱֵϵĿý
Ǹ˵Ļ䣬СԺе͵̧ͷ
ոջںǸ̸Цŵ͵̧ͷɫ˲ˣôܣ
˵ɫҲʮֲÿһӵ˸ոջ˵˲ֻһѣȴȫ̧ͷ
ʲôʱ¶ģɫ
ȺǳȥĴٵģǳţҲ󶼻סԼòһϳ¥˵Ŀܡ
ô⵽ôһ£
һ뷨ͬʱǺǼԺС
֮Сѵмϸ
һɲǸ·һİֻۣ۵ķӦûһš
ԱߵĻƽһã˵Ϊʲô֪ź¥˶أȴ˶û
·ͰɫҲأǲ֪˵Ǹ⻹Ϣ¶ģľļҳһ˵
ϾõǴ˵Ļÿһ˶üģһ֪̬ȴһҲں
ŵˣɫҲЩŹ֣ǻˡҲ̫Щ˴򽻵
Ϊô룿·ﲻŴ򽻵ĶȥˣңǾԱ롣
ǹ˵ģ·Щɻ˵ܡǣ
֪˵ʲôȴܾ˵ǹϢ˵ڵģһСӣ˵һ䣬ҲǶһԿ֡
˵µķʽĪ·ܵϤϡǰøռ
Ǹ·ʧȥϢĺڶˣǲĴЦ͸ֳϵľٶһҹ

޴2

Ǹ˵֮ͣ˼롣
ͣ⼸϶֪ж˹, ĵ˵һ֯֡
ոջֻƶѣȻ˵ź¥֮, ˶һ³ľԼڵ֯
Ȼ˼֮Լת˻, ˶Եһ, һʱ, еɱ·𶼵˲١
Ⲣҵķˣ෴Ҳոյʱ, ʱʱĳ߿, ûһ˫۾ڰﶢԼ
û˻ʱȥɵź¥ǲ, ٴ, ʱҲǲȥּ衣
ź¥˶һϳ, ʣµǷϳҲûˡ
ҺЩ, ˶ûᡣ
ȻһЩ, ȻҶҩ, ǾͰԭĹɡӦö֪ǵҩǰ͵, Ҫó
͸ʲôأ
Ǹ˵ƺѾƽǮ鱦֮Ķ, ܴҵĵҲԡ
ֻǡܴҵĲƱѾࡣ
·ͰԻһϴڻׯ顣
ϲľɫɫˣÿ˶һһ޶䱦еĿ沼Ѻۣеıҳմ, ȴޱȡ
ܰЩ䱦ռһһ˲ˡ
Ǹ˵˵˷֪һֱ뿴͸ģһױĶΪ˽ģʵûС
ܹǸǶôȤһ°
˵ʱ򣬲֪жü˵Щġ
ģ⻰žʮֵĹ죬һ˵}˸С
ֻڽﰢۣ仰ʱȻһһĻ档
ԭǡ
ȻԼʲô
ĶǸ˵ȷʵҲֻһһߡ
ǸĵˣȴҲǸˡ
·Ͱ΢ü˱˴˶һۣ˫ӱ˴˵۾￴һ˿ɻ͵ġ
ˡȷʵһʱǸ˲̫һ
Ȼ˵ﲻһˣʵʲôǲ֪ʱʲô仯
ϴǼǸùȻҲǸʺܳڣϵĸо˲һε˻ǽȻͬġ
Ȼô˵Щֱ̫ף·ȷ˵ϴεǸζûôǿƵʡ
ʸ
ˡѾѰܽӴּˡ
ȷȷʵʵ˵ֺáôϵ׳ʲô£ϴξۻ󣬻ׯַʲôΪ֪ı仯
¾þƶ￴˿û뵽£ֵ￴ˡ
˿ڲϣóЩҾȤĶ򡭡
һͷƤЦֵϺȻһȺȺİŮˣÿ˵жһյƺڶĵƣÿ˶ŻĲӣʹͷһݵĵľżһš
Ƿֱÿһӵǰ棬Ȼ;վŲˡֻڽֵһ⣬ǸŮȴûվſڰĵȺ򣬶ţߡ
ƺԥƬ̣˺ܾã߳ͣ϶Žһ־ĿΧ
Ůǰ·սеĽȻǽҲ֪ԼᱻʲôطջǸ˹ȥ
ֵϺǼž˵ܴ󣬵ڶ߳˵ֵطҪ͵Ҳѡ
ǾĿ˻Ĵӽֵ߹һȺ˵Ĵӵ£ߵһ¥
һտĵص㣬ΧģֻӰܿһ㡣
Ȼ϶ʱʮֵ
ǿǸƺУںȾơ
Ņ̀ͷĿһۣȻͰĿ£ƺǺܵȻ˵һ䣬ŶԭɵˣҲˡ
ڶõ˵Ҫ͵еѵġ
ⳡ˿ɻô˵ģܹޱȵĴÿһ˵Ķ
ԭս׼ʱʯ٣ԼݱһƺĶˡ
ûбݵ˿Զ󲻵ֿ־壬ڸһϵĶڴ򽻵
жȻһ˿ĸоǵ¥һģǲ֪Լʲôʱй¶ݡ
ϾعǴɵһ·ҲҲ˿
ӿʼڣѾ˵ǰ˵ˣƺ˵׾١
ǽ˴֮ԱǣǿܻΪ㡣
ϾֻֽһۣϳԷݵȷʵ̫ˣȫ֪ǰ޴Ӷһ
侲˵Ҫţ
ܹ͸ģֻڸɺˣ
Ľ͵ĿǰΨһ˵ͨģֻ˵ȸղֿ͸ĵĿܻҪ㤡
ڸɺһʲô
һܹһ㣬ǻܹ͸Ķ˵׾ٵˡ
ڣҲֻոտʼһᣬ˵һλˣѾȫĻ̻̣סĻԼûʲôݹŹֵˡ
ѽҿǺûз˵Ӱڴصʱǻ˶ߵǸ˶٣ȻЦ˵ϣҰǱƷ裬Ȼٸҩ𣿡
ˡ
·⻰;Щ
ȷʵкܶˣϾô˵Ҳô࣬Щ˶ۻᵽôһ¡
֮Ǵֵġ
ܲɣ·һȫڴڡ
һĻпǼԵҲĳ·ΪԷһӽгǵݣһء
ɵݶһھͽгˣʲôǲܵģ
֮ǰһ㶼ͬʵ̫ˣ˵Լô꣬ϱҪյҲûм
ƴԲߵʱ򣬺ȻԱ߰۵ı飬ı֣ǿ־壬һɫޱɫ
ɫ·һ
οû£ģҪһûʲô˵ġ
Ҳ֪οǳʲô˼·
·İοƽͰĵ⣬ҲûʲôЧȴȻʣ֪Ϊʲô˽ôصϢ𣿡
֪·ش𣬡֪𣿡
ȷʵǲ֪˵Щ˾ͻûһ֪ģ۵ĻЩ档
֪
۱˱۾Ȼȷʵͬ˵һһʮֵĻĵˡ
۲һһ˵ġһͣһһ˵ʿڳϸĹ͡
Ὣƴȥ
һϣֱǸ
ʱߣȻ͸࣬Ŀһ顣
ǶжôĿ¡
ôŪĵ𣿡
ҪŪһ˵ĵʱҪ˵ЩʲôֻҪ۾㣬֪һС

Ĭ˰Ρ
·Ƕһ仰Ҳû˵ʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
ԭ·Ҳûָ˵ʲô׼Ĭף˰ЩͻȻľͳĬˡ
Ϊ˵Ϊ֪˵Щʲô
·Ū˵ϵ׷ʲô£־Ӧòôʳڡ
ˡʲô̼ű
ǸˡǶôĿ£Żñ˸ۣ
󣬻ƽˡ
СĿ˵ӽİ۵㣬΢侲һЩ㡭֮ǰǸ˼𣿡
۳Ĭ
ΣΪҪ˯ŵʱͻȻСֿ˿ڡһΣոôĴ󣬶һЩ
ЩҲֻǴģһ㵹ҪסǧǧҪȥ
ʱ۾סѶס
ҪҪҪȥҪ۾ӡ
ȵȣȵȡ⵽ΪʲôƽɻĴ˰۵
ΪЩʱҲŪġ૵˵
ǸһƻĵĶ
еаˡ·ӲֵܣɲϹ˵
ûϹ˵˵Ķġ˵
СĿ·һʮֹŹֵ˵
Щʱ򣬶Ҫ֡

ֻһۣͻ̲סԼڳ
лҪ˵ģorzԲ
дζû
ͷŶ=أ=

޴3

ɵĵӱ˴˶һ, ˭Ҳ裬˭Ҳǰʱ, ȴЩ֪롣
˵Դ֮ͱúģ, ȫҲֻôܹüǸᷢ˵, ȫ˶üġ
ţš, ԭ𣿡
˵⻰ͺںС, ıŤ
ϻ, ˭谡
ﰵһӡ
, ҾǺ񲢲ǺܿĵӰΪչ˲𣿻Ϊ˵ﲻǵ⣿
һ仰𽥵ıסǸ˵һֱɳ滺ģ·Զһ˿ŵĸо
˶Ϣ˵ʱ׼һ, ŵ⽣ӰѪʬ塣
Ȼһ, ΧȴǼžޱȡڴɻʱ˵ĶȴȻȥǸ˵Ц
Цʮֿĵ, ƺǿʲôǳ˼顣

Цڿ֮ǻÿ˵ͷһƬ֮ȥơ
ǸһЦһ˵ǻǿɰĶɰ˵ҲաֻҲ˭ܿɰĹǡ
ɰֱ˵ޱȵ
˶һ, ˵浽ǷʲôôͻȻǸ˵Ļ
˵￪ʼһЩֵĻ棬ֹãһƬž
ֻǹһһȺ˴¥̧ˣ˽˫ۣ֪
ոձ֮Ϊɰˡôһǰһı̧еΧ߶һƬ
ֱ̧ص˸ոճǼֵϼžһƬ
˶ϢسǱ߿ȥ˼Ǳһ·Χ۵׵ģֱҲһ˿һټ
ô£ʣ·۾ϸһᣬмܹ˵ʲô֮һ
üͷҪǸ˳֣ûгɹ
أ˶צˣҸղſ̧ģѵôˣ
𾪻š·ҸղſһۣȻǱ̧ģҲûʲôҲûѪ鿴ʹࡣ˵ֻεˡ
εˡԼؿԼҲҪεˡ
ոǸһֱõǴ˵ʲôĺۼ
ֽͼûκλ֮ͱˡ
Ҳᱻ׷ˣӲ˵һ仰ĻҲûС
ȣǸ˳ƺҪɱΪɰô˳Ծˡ˭׷ӵ˼·˵ľǺܿɰ
ͬʱȻҲ뵽һ㣬ողɱ⣬ôرȥ
ǰλף˭Ҳܱ֤һһ뵹µĲǣ
һǿаԼϰµģһ߿ŴӸոտʼڽԱյİۣĬĬһв
ôµһˣô˵ղĻģڶ㲻λϾʲô飬Ͼ£˵Ļ
սԽԽܶ˽һֽǺС
ܶҲ߳ˣһƬĽֵϺеһжںڰ֮УеһҲһصɴ
һжȫ֪ǲԼ֪ĳƶϡ
ֲ֪ʱΣͻήٵԼͷϵĿ־̼ÿһˡ
ҺܻŰ·˵ˣ룬һѡɵ
ôţ㿴ѻƽסˡ·Щ˵۾бһİ۵Ӹոλ˵ĻǸ˻һ൱˼ˣദҲ˵һλ䡣
ʱеҧгݵģ˽ؤˡ
ǺµĻҿȥڽһֱûİۺȻ˵
Ҷһᣬ·ͣ˼ʣ֪ͬ𣿡
ҲһȺûǵķӡ۵沢ģӦҲϣһȥ
˵ʱ·ǿ۽ǿССĺ롣
Լ۽ǣ·֮ǰûע⵽ź룬Ϊ۸֪езӶһϼûַζ
˸ոǸ˵ʱ
һʮ־۹Լ۽ǵѾܳʱ䶼ܱˣҲΪʲô
¥ϣЩ˰һղɵעֱȡ⵱Ȼǲܵġ
ֻһУ˾ˡϱ¥ʱһ
±ͿˬˣʵʲôСɫѾѽϳ˶ˡ
Ϊϳģ
ţڴǼģǺ¥Χʱġ
е㲻⾿һ»һˣͻȻξۻ˵һ˼ᣬ˳ٿڽϻжˡ
Աߵ˿Ŀⶼʮֵľ֣ΪĲ֪˾Ǵðġ֮ǰǹԼõʱǻΪһҪռȵˣȻ˼ҿܾѡ
һɣ֯ߵˣôܻһСطȤأ
ھ˶ΧȺڵļ֮󣬻ºȻһɡⷽǰ;
ϾҪֵŻһˣҪչʾһԼļȻٰſ£ôһĶٿ·
ǵͲͬˣ㿴һˣ۾ھ˵֪ĳ˭˭˭㵱׵ʱ˦һƣƨˡ˭˲£
͵Ŀÿһ˶սľĳ棬ֵɴﲻЧ
ɵĻ¼ֱ绢һ˺ü˵ϵףڷʱĲһҪģһӵİԲϷǳ֡
ſ¥ŵ˽¥
¥˱˵ˣ˵
ڻºǿĵʱǱִˣ̧ͷһۣȻͣסˣΪǰǸ˾Ī졣
Ǹ˵һСؤһر𡰼ª·ϵôĴۡʱֵģ߶࿴˼ۣƺҪ󵽵Ǹʲôˡ
˵ܿ͸ģ·ĵһ仰Ȼ
һ仰Ҳ˴ģȻ¶Ҫ
ôһ仰ֱӾ뵽Χ˵Ķǵм𲨵
¶豭һڣ˵鷳ˡ
·صСؤҲɷ𣿡

޴4

ĴǶ·ǿ˵ʲôӵ, ĺ뿴һ˾ʲôӡ
һֻҪ˵һ۾ͻԼĸ, Ǹ˶׳ʲôӵġ
·һ뿴Ǹ˵жôƯֻ֪Էʲôħ, ð۱ӡ
ڱһڽдԼݵ鲢ûоȣСؤҲû
, ֺǺǵվһ¿ˮ̵ӡ
·ʵԶǸǷ˵Կ͸һ˵ġ

²ɵ˰, ΪɶһֱվŲ
¿·Щ֪, ֮ǰļսս, 䲻ôһ¿ˮζ, е㲻
, ǶԸղ˵ĻȤ
¾·Ƕʲô˵ᡣ
һỹԴԴ, ¾ÿ·εġ
»ְѵһجΡ
¶һڣϳãȻ
·ľ˵һ仰, ˿ûйΧɶɧ
˵ֻ˵ϲŪĵġ
ܲɰ, Ѿһ
զͻϼҳأ˵˵˭
Ǹ˵, һܴˣܲ͸˵뷨·
һһˣҲҪ̫ĽӴ
˵һ˫Կ͸һе۾˫۾עӵʱ, ƺеܶ
ΧһƬľס
˶ó·е˼Ȼһֱ˵Ǹˡ⻰˿Ķȴ˲òһ¡
·ħһûں˵뷨˵Ƴĵ
Ǹ˵
ܿǸ˵
ܺǸ˴
ȻҪǣܿǸ˵۾

ģڳ˵ͷǻ
ֻҺܺ棬һ𣿡
˵Щ仰ʱ·ֱֱĿĺ棬ƺ͸һѺ˶͸
ֻʵ̫ãôҲֻܿһģӰӡ
û˵˵˵Ǹ֪ܶܵˣܷңأ

ڳ˶Ϣ·ĻڴܴĻв³κһ˿йݵϢ
Ϊ·СؤȻֻһؤĵӣĺΪ֮ˣ˽˻治١
Զôһ룬ȴƺԶԾڴеˡ
в˶Ǹ٬·
·Ȼ书㲻Ͻһˣȴ˼˶Ҫˣתܼ
ƺҲԶѣ֪ܣЩܵԴҲһܣɷϡʱ٬ؤҲһܿ׵ˡ
ԽԽ˴·жϳ˭
һСС˵۾ȻıȻȵĳŽֵ濴ȥ
·ôҲͻȻ塣һţʲôʱģ֪·ĵӴ󣬵ڽ֮ǰȴûĵôĴ󡭡
ΪǸνѣ
͸ģ
ڽֵһζ仰֮Աǡ
ôܻв͸ĵ˴ڣ
ô׿͸Ķ
ʶѣһҹܷ֮Ŀɳ𣬶ķޣתۼͿԳΪɱԹ¡
ģܹ׵Ĳ͸⽭֮ϿҲͲôɱˡ
֪·ǸСؤҲ˵йһЩ飬·˷ϡ
ƮĽ֮У·Զϲͷ۵ĵطգûʲôġ֮Իܱյڣ޷Ҳ
ˣ˻ǰѶ䶼۾·Ļ
Ҳ˵·ᴫһôϲ飬ʱĳǸ֮Ψһ
ź¥ڱȽϿԴʱ˿ûм£Ҳûиܵ˵ʲô·ᱻµһָоȻ·Ļ˸ӵľ⣬Ҳûκαĸо
ڸոȥǰЩȫһƬž֮С
·Ļ̫ÿһ˵ġ
ղв˸մ¥˻ڻجج״̬䲻һӽҴϵףǱŪһ£ûأͻȻ·һѻ
һѻǴʱеСϼֱڷĵϡ
ڸոպͻ½ӴǼڣȷʵܵһִδйĸܣΪȷʵֻǽվǸ˵ǰͱ׾ٵ˵ԼΪصܡ
ָоȷʵǺ𺳵ġ
·ĻͻƽĶȫһֵӡ
ƽС˵𣿡
ҲզˣҸʶʮ꣬û뵽Ե־Ȼ˽졣
˭Ҳûָ·ܻŻ
˵·صĶѾˡ

⻰˭˵ģ·±ʡ
⻰ģʵĳʵģǸеãȻ⡣
Ϊ֪˭ôͻȻôһⲻﻢ𣬵ô˵棬ϣôش
·û˵ҲûпŰۣѰ۸Ǹһֱûзڹϵʱ
µͷŪİ
Ҳܸо·⻰ֵֹģƺֻǳ¡
ôͻȻأ
Ǿ仰װһŻǣҲֻ˵ǡݡظãô͵ز
˭ܹĿ͸أһ˵һߵһ裬ȻԱߵˡ
̶˼קӣ·ͰٽµĲ·
۴ô·ǾǴõˣղôˣҲи˵һ衣
ôһˣһǸرˡ˵⻰Ĺ򣬺Ȼ˵껹ûզ硣
ͻȻˡ
Щ鲻˾û֮ǰֱ˾һ˵ʲôڶ伸ÿ˵ⶼûʲôϵֱ˰ʾ˰һĳٶʿ
·Ų裬ȻЦˣ˵Ǹĺܴɡ
µͣˡ
ҲԤе·Ҫ˵Щʲôȫע·˵
Ǹ˲Ǹô˵һأ
·˵˵ţЦˡ
˵һµĶһӦôϵĶ
֪ж𣿡
˶·Ļ
һĺˣƺԶںʲô֮顣
ûκζܹסΪͲһС
ټ鲼䣬ȴûһܹץסƺڣȴƺ޴ڡ
·Уƺ˶һһħ
ǣҵȴ˵Ǹ˽µĲڴˡ
·ĵ˵ԣһۣĸԸİĽˡ
⻰ڳ˶һ¡
Ǹոǰţ¥ˡ
·һξĿŻ£ڣ֪˭𣿡

·⻰ڳ˶ˣǸոǰţ¥ˣǻ±ˡ
µ¥ŵڳըˡǸͱȽϴˡ
ڵһȦһȦתһתһʣ˭Ǹ˵˭
¥ǱͬҲ֮ͣǰûڽϳֹ֮ǰ˼𣿡
Ϊʲôǲ鲻ݣ
лҪ˵ء
ҷһĻ**oss治װ
ҸоѾдˡ͹ܴˣڻд
϶иķʽûζ̫ԣӦ˳󣬲У򲹶
ͷŶ=أ=

޴5

εһκԼɱ⡣
Աߵ, һɫҲһ¡
յ˼, һЩ˶Щ˼飬Ϊǿε̬̫ǰһҲ̫ˡ
·˵Ǿ仰һ̣˶ӿ
Ҳź¥ô, ʵ·˵Ļ, ͦ
Щֻܴ·ĻһЩ, Щ֮ܶ
ڽߵݣкܶ˶йĲ²⣬ܵ˵, ΪȻĹ˾Ӷࡣ
кܶ˺Ȼġ
˿ʼŵʮǰ, Ƕʮǰ, ʼ˼ڵǷйʲôȻˣʵǿ, Եţˣȥ˼ЩǷһ¥ϵܶԵϵġ
¹һѿƲס, ѾѾúܲˡ
·ֻǵԼ½Ѵ򱧲ƽģôһ˵û¸óŪĵһ
, ֹŹֵĶ
˵и֣֪˵ܣǹƲš
Ҫ˵иˣ֪˵, ˵Ǿˡ
һŸ˱йأЩһһˢŴҵޣôҵԽԽ͡
ܿϧǣ»Ĳᡣ
ºһ㣬һҪȥԲһ԰˳ɶбƵһ졣
֪˭𣿡
֮󣬻ֻ·ôһ仰
ĺܺ档
µ仰ûôֻʵģܿЩˣѹɤӵĴ˵仰ԵһЩ
·ܹ׾ʹף·˵ôĵûЩ֪Ǵġ
Ի˵ǸҪϢΪ֪˭˵Ҫһܿ͸ģķͳ뷨ˡ
·ҲǸ޵ķʸˣȻʱضܻڣ֤ͦģŵ˵Ӧʲô׼
µԼðһǺͷ˵ԼǱʲôصĺı̬˰ɡ
²ûЩëȻ
ΪȻű̬ȴϱ̬
˵·˼Ǹ˺񻹶ͦȤġ´ûо·˵ʲôû
⿴ûʲôʵСѾ˿ͷʱܵ׼
У룬ȥǲеġ
úúõĴ̽һ

·ش˵ĻͺȻһ
ƱȸոһٱҲȻ˾޴ı仯
·üû˵ʲôͺȻ˿˿ڣǺܵͳ
ǸոմʱɳȫͬһҰ
Ȼⲻ·еǸ˵ĸоҲոȫͬ
·Ȼסˡ
ΪǸϺȻһЩ벻ı仯
˵ոյǸǺڰɫģɫµĲҵɫεĻҰûһ˿ɫʵأôڵ˾ȥһ̺Ȼͱˡ
ͻı仯ʮֵͻأ˵һʮˮɻһͻȻ¼һ
·ΧһкȻ䶼Ⱦͬʻɫһ
кɫɫһ˲ͷ׷ɫԽĿ˵ʲôӡ
һж·һѤ̻ըըʱ۵ɫʣһ־ϲȴֻʣһصǽ塣
·Աߵİۣ۰ûи˵һ仰
ڿ˰۰ֽӲİͷת˹
۲·ӵо˴¥ȥ
˶ɵˡ

ʵǰ·һֱΪ¥ϵš
ΪʲôôçΪҲ˵
ҲһʮֿɰҲϲŮ˵ͣҲûȥ˼뷨
֮ǰԺһֱŲ԰ֿµɳ̶ִ
ʱҲûзκεĲԣ˼ôʱҲûʲôԡ
˼Ҹһ裬˼ҸӣҲûзκһ㲻Ծĵط
˾Բã
Բǣ
·͵˿ڿˮʵΪǰ˶е𾪡
ʱ˿̣Ͷ˴һԷչʾһܡ
ڸһ㶼񣬵װõʱȴûκ˸оԾĵط
ͺѾͿˣĶƤµϣáϻ˹
Եˣģ˽ÿһ˿ÿһȻ±ˡûһżٿǵġ顱ߡ
о˵ʶǸ˾ȻǸ˵¡
ܰѡáģ³ӣģˣǲҲһġ޷죿
·ȻոԼ˵Ǽ仰Ҫ˵ҪҪӡ
Ϊһ
ð˳ɳˡ·߰ģʲôʱ
óµʱ䶼ᳬһ£ΪҲǽʮǰ顣
ʱûܹһŲҰ׵ǰÿһˣ׵һ仰ܾ
ڣȴڶǸ˵δ֪
ˡϴεʱȫûм·һֱΪþǵʱλߵˣΪӵĵȼʮֵɭϣòǹĻӦòôĸ߸ϡ
·ﾡģһ˲䣬һĸоͷ
ޱȵֱǸϾѾ˵ġ
Ǹ˺ģƺ֪·ûϳ
濿ŵĶ·һֻŵıԼڷ
·Сȴ͵ظоһ˿˵Ŀµĸоִͷӿĺ˶ڷ
ָоΪ֪ʶ˲ԣһССϸڡ
ЩˣɰŶŵǸˡ
۾Ҳ۾ܿǸ˵ĲԾӦҲܿó
ȴһ糣ûκε
ǲǸող֪Ǹ˲õģ֪ˣȴһ
ǲǲ֪ǰйŹ֡
ǾѾ̳ĸεĻһǵĶѾһ˸ˡ۸ոո˵Щһ
·߰ˡ
ĵ˵Ĺ£ֵýзǸҡնһϡ
۾һ˵ԭ㣿

޴6

ӻׯ֮, ·ҲǸڶеȥйǸеϢзʱ, ҲҹǸУЪ˼ôһʱ䣬·ΪѾˡ
죬·úõĶ, ƺʮȤڴ֮ķӦ
һֱһ翵Ĵ˵, ΪھۻϼеĶΪܻûҲܺճһ֮ϡ
·һ, ⶷˶ôʱ, ھǰ
ԭΪ˵, û뵽Ȼɱ, ȡλ, ҽһж˹
һ·ǳۻϾԶԷ², ͻȻ˵, ˾硣
Ϣ·ܴĳĻǽŽɵ, ׵İ
·ȴʼԲ²˶˵, Է磬ǻ˭أ
ʼʱ, ΪԷǸеֵķӣһ򵥵ķǾô̵ʱھͳɹĽΧЩϴԳµġ
·оԼСеΣգؼʱ̷侲
ǲ磬Լϴھۻϵʱеļ涷˵仰, ʱöŶ̬Ҫһ˻򣬻ƾԷʱʲô֣
ҪǣԸҲǹŹ֣һķӺǲһǵϴڻׯʱüóϵ飬඼Ϊһǲģȴ˵ġ
·ֿ۰ۣǴװ«װˣ˲˵һ仰Ҳ˵
ϳˡ˵
ĬĬĽ˵ǣ㵽װϳ˭
ܿá·ǱһԼڶеУȻҲȷʵͦΪие˵ģôҲ˵ü仰ˣΪԷʱ΢һʱء
ô֮ǰǸŮˡôˣ·ԥһʵ
֮ǰǸŮˡµЦһ
˵Լ˱裬ȫ·Լȥ롣ŵأͻԲĸˡ
ۻٰģ·ʮֲ˼飬˵İøɵˣĻǾԲõ뷨˵вǶ𣬷趼ôڲͬ
Ҿö˵Ҳòͽ̶ˮ֮С·Сĵ֯ԣڸ㲻˾ʲô˼ϣڽԽԽãΧѾӿˣ·ȻɵģʵҲЩѪ֮飬ɻҵȻǲԸ⿴ġ
˵仰󣬾ͷֶƺԴûκηӦһеİϡ
·ĽĳΪֶԷ׽һײĳģΪֶԷ̬ȲԴ󣬶һţֲκ˵š
ȻǾЦһ̰ĵﶼС
˵仰ʱ򣬾Ϳ·ԱŅ̀ͷһۣղһֱͷ¾ϸĿʲôӶˣղֻιȥôһ룬Ĳһ˿졣
֮ǰļءĵʺţ᲻Ǻ±裬ƾֱȥ˼ҵúÿˡ
ȻϳңǶѣҿ϶ܵˡ˵
°ͣ·ԱߵеʾԱߵһȤĻһż
á·ԥһ˵ͷԱߵ̸··һ̱øΧİûκ𣬳ɹĻȺ֮С
Դ·ȥ֮¥Ѿ˺óʱ䣬ûһϢƽͰҲԽԽĵھͿ־֮еʱ򣬺ȻˣԹһӣֱȥԱߵ˳
ƽͰ˲ɵۡ
ȵȣΪʲôһûأ
ƽˣղЩＴʹˣҲ̧ģô·߾ͻˣʬģ
˿Ǳ߹ļˣȥʣҺðڣͣ㣬ǾҲ϶ϣȥ
ƽֻĿЩǵǰ߹µ֮һ
ֻԼûô֮ǰȻҲΣյ飬ʱ߶ţһβͬ
ǿֻʣˡ
¥ϵ·Ͱ۶Ӻ棬¥ļˡ
ոմͷβжһֱûʹԱߵİһ仰ῴȺˣ·ȻԼһӦǰһˡ
۵ʱſڹҵǣŹġ·ûΪʲôԼȺߣߣûʸһЩΪʲôûҹ·ȻֻǸСؤȴǸǳЩ鲻ҪʵؤȻ۲˵ȻͲȥ˵
Ⱥվʱ·̲ס࿴Ǽۡ
Ⱥˡ书Ҳ͵ӡ
·ôţпǰǸŮЦΣþò
ڶ˵仰ʱǸվǰģһֱʮ侲Ů˺Ȼ̧ͷ˫۾ˣŶС·ҲķӦһ
ܿóŮҲ˵ĻŵˣͬղҲŵһǸˣԶ֪˵ʲôĻʲôܹһ
֮Ҳͽ𣿡ĿŻµǣһȺ̰ļһǸͽһְɱˡ
˵⻰ʱҧгݵģ·ָĬĬбۿԱߵİۡ
ôţΡ˵Ѿ˵һλ˶ˡ
һԱߵ˵һر˵Ҽǵϲ㱸أһϲĿζ
ոջһɱЩ㶵һ豻ƵǰãȻı飬·ø΢ߵİۡ
ԷϲʲôС㶼Ҫ͸¶
ƺǲ·񣬰صͷǺܻһζһԴ
֪ЩʲôΡʮº˵ǸһɱŮʶʮѡ
Ȱ㻹Щ뷨ɣȷʵ¥Ĺʱ̫ӲˣװԼȦġ
֪ͬڿ϶Ǽй¶Ϣ֪ԶԶֹЩܹóЩʲô
ЦЦƺ졣
Ϊ೤ϵİɡǸͷȷʵӦˣңһὫɱˣٽһ쵽ֻŮ˵ͷԴ¥¥ϡֻ㻹ܡ
Ϊ೤һȻǷˣվЩôģ԰˵һЩûҪİе
Ҳ²Ѿеһû´ĻӦѾҺܹ֧ѡֻûнӴ԰ɣ
ػܹ㣬³Ųõġţǵ㣬пܻ
νӲһˣϿհ׵ļûκα顣
ȷǸɫɱ֣ûһ˿йֲֻ˲סӡ

¥
·עЩͬ룬۾ȻҲ¥ģ
תͷü۰ۣ˵û뵽
¥ɱ֡Ǿ˵ҳ
ôô׵ر¥ȥһ¥ͽأ
лҪ˵ģȵȵȣи趨bugˣϸ
bugͦءѽ׶ҵǵ
bugǰƺԸ·˸ˡֻǲӦðΪʲôдʱҵĴԾȫ
ΪǶξʱӵģӡ´ע
ʱһ£Ӧûպϡ
߶ҲеôģbugҵĽ취
ҵĴԡҵĴԲֵǮǮ˰ɡ
ͷŶ=أ=

޴7

οˣո˵, ĿǰΪֹӦûһ֪ġ
ǰ˽г, ˵˭Ϣ͸¶˳Ǻ˵ȴȫһֱ, ȴûиκ顣
ǣǿ೤ϲ˳, ҲܲķҰ֣Ҳ, ˵ͷĿǰû˵ڹ
ô֪ģѵĿ͸ģô£˹ϸ¾ֹסս
, Ѿ⵽ӵ飬һ˾侲, ǣ⵽Ҳ޵, ޶, ˾ͻ޷ȥ˼
ھ
ϵһӾ, òȥǸֳŮˣ˭ܿóƺʲôһӾʹϳȥ, ˶
·ȻҲܿļַ൱ǿҵ, ֪ոն˵ʲôҲ¥ģ޷ҲǾ©ϢŻᱻ֪̫Щϡ
ü۰ۣεôˣ
תת۾, ܿüǼɱ˲˼ı飬¥ʱû˵ʲôҪɱ೤ϵķ˿϶Ҳͬദ˶֪ε˼ôɼ˵˶û͸¶
ߡѹʹûԱ˵
ڶ²ˣȴȻõڶ²ĿԺܴ󣬶ҷϵʱȴûκεΥ͸С
ƺӦӣʲô۾
ţȻЦһ¡
¸˵ЩȻϱӷ飬ʱθ缸޻˵ģ¥粻Ըкܶ࣬βǣֻ¥ж¥
ΰԼļƻԵʱ¥̶ˣļƻָƣһˣܻ»ÿƲβá
ѣѵúͰһЩϾϱԸ˵ﻰ˸ûȫ״رˡ
㡭ãοɬ˵ʲôˣܸܲһʾ
˵⻰ʱڲˣΪﻹһ˿ϣһ֮͸¶ģǱʲôħֿ͸Լġ
֮ǰѾ˵ˣߵ˺޹ϵϾҲ֪㻹ûжԱ˵Ѿ׹ۡµеһҲǻȴмѭɵİˣҪŪЩ߲ѣܹҵǣЩȫ˳ܽǵĹɣƲÿ˵ĺͽҪҲѡ
ⴿ˵˵
⻰ĴȱҵģΪԼܹŪЩȫΪհ𰸣ûʧѾõķسһ˸صһ˵¡
ΣԱߵ·ǺԾˣϾһУ㲻˼ҾƳˣô졣
·ǳΪʲôαֵôˣû˵ڵĶܱ͸ǵȷЩ̫ˣһҲܿ˽һ¶ле˼
˵֮ǰöĿֻаٷ֮ʮھͻȻһܹ͸һ£ôҲӦöǼ˽⣬ޱȵķһ㡣
·ɾܲ˼飬ܼ򵥣ʼ뿪¥֮¥չһСԼͨ籨š
¥ôһǰͽڲȡ鱨
·ǸԶܴˣʼ뵱ӵѵ飿߸ɴĳЩԵݵһϷ
ЩӶˣڸո˵˵ԼԲţ˵ѾԴըһ
ʱȴҶˣԼ˼¥鶼ᱻ˲͸˸ոһºҲС֮ǰ˵Ǿ䡰Էܹ͸ġĻˡ
ԣ΢侲һ㣬ԸһóĵˣС˵Էô룬ŻͰ¥ϴôʱ䡣
·ոռᶨͷû룬Ǳߴ˸ըϢľû˼룬ͷǳıˣ֧ŶŶ˵̸
ʲôϢҪ¥˵ˡеĻǳ赭дﲻʲôæģΪҲֻǱеһӡ˭ܶڹкܶ鶼ɼǸм䣬õĺܶϢпٵģôܰ㣿
һļžǸ˿赭дĽûһ赭д
˶Ϊոն˵Ǿ仰͸¶Ϣ𾪣ҲǸ˵¥¥˵ʲôһ˵ܹ˵¥¥ǱеһӡֻܶҪ¥ڰ͵ġ
ô֪¥¥һӣ·üëѾĿˡ
¥¥׹ۣȻֻǻûм档׹˵һֱһʮֹ¸ˣѲŰĸоȻҲȷʵ֮ӣҲǸʱ
·ǸⱲӶڽĶ֮һˡ˵ȥ˻ǲ׼ȷģΪѾ˲һ
ǶǸ˾ô˵ˡ
һ赭д˵ˡӡ
˭Ҳ¥¥ӣ
¥ôӣϹ˵ˡȻλ𾪺֮УеĻʶĽ˷
޻̸֮Цһͷ̧ƺһһġ
㲻ţǸ˵ѵ˵һ滰㲻Ҳˣֻȥ֮ȥ׹˵˵£㿴㻹ܲټһ棬ߡ㻹ܻܲһ졣
⻰ʲô˼ʡ
ҾܶһЩ黹û̫塣еȻͲܻᱻŹˡ
˲ңǱˣǻ⵱һ򵥲ĹӣȻŹ㣬ȥ׹˵Щʲôһβͬ󣬽˶֪һǳĵط
ǲ׹֪µģΪǿ׹ۺܲ𣿡
˵ףֺʲô
ʱ˿ǽǧ˵ĽˣǿܻϢһȺ¥ɱ֣ЩɱֻδظģǿܱҲվŲͬĳϡ
˶˰ʾ˼
׹ǱƵģܻȥϢ߶Էʱ䡣
лҪ˵иbug޸һ£ʱϾŵ㡣
bug·Ӧ֪µģǰƸġ
ʱھŵǰСѣٻȥһۣҲ˼ʮ֣ÿҲС
ͷŶ=أ=

Ͷ״

ʹĪ, Ҳò˼һ, Ϊ˵ЩǶ˿͸, һһôġ
˵ô赭дȴЩȫ˼ҵĶ, ȵʶµʱֳһ亹, ̧ͷģ󣬿еţƺڹ⼸仰֮ķӦ
ΣﻹŸȤ, ЩˡȻһ, ʵǴ¥Ĳͬ, һ೤ϵ, 档
ڸո˶еĻ󣬾һֱЩĸоӲͣλصŤʱʱĻԱߵˡ
ôָ˵೤ϵĻ, ֱڶҺһ, ʵ޷ƽ
˶˵ҲЩ΢, ǿܶ೤ϵ, ЩǸ೤ϺϵģЩǺϲģЩ˻һ, ÿ˿Է¶׹⣬˭˵Լܹ޽ٵĸȺ˼ദ
·ԭĲֳԼ̸Ȥӣκζܹ͸˵ﶼʲôһһȺղŻһǷֱÿﶼԼС̡
˻ر𶮵ģ򵥵ļ仰͹˸ŵζĹһòǰߡ
Щ֪ǸȦףɻǲҪһ
·ۿţЩ¥֮ԽԽţǸεŮ˾ҪиڵĿˡ
ǶҪƭȥģֻǹĵ˵ڣȻ赭д˼仰ĸԸ
°
ԥ˰죬ﲻ֪˶ڿ˿ڣô˵Щ֤أ
ʱûʲô취֤е뿴Ǽ٣ھͻ¥ȥȥӴһ׹ۣǿɼ˵ӦþǼٵˡϡǹҲûʲôȥ١
㡭ԥĵΪʲô˵Щ㲻˵ȥʲôǲܵģ˵ңЩˡҲʲô֮Ҫ˵ȥҲ޷ֹǡ
ΪҾúܺ档˿ûͣٵ˵

·ο˼룬ﶼԶԷеͬ飬Ҳôһ仰ˣԲŰӲһ䡣
ȷʵôһˣʱ˵һЩ·ûκĿģǸ鴿⿴ˡ
Ѿʶǰһ壬ǰǺлǸ忴ȻĸȫһЩ
˵ﱾʵϢȥ
¿ΣԼĺȲ裬Īĸп˺ÿӣΪʲô˵ԵȷʵȽпѧ԰
˿ӦΣ̹׵˵Ǹˣһϣ¥ܷչԽԽõ֣˵ȫû취ýǮƻܣĵ¥
˵¥ںΣյ£ǻܲģݻ¶⣬һô
գβڣϾʾĶѾˡԸ¥һС֯϶Уһ︺ǣͷǸ˻Ƿǳ˽¥ġ
ʵɲ⣬ոջ׿ڸ¥ڵʵСϷĻ£ôܲĵһѡأ
ֻ֪ͦθôڵģΪǸײȥ˵ˡ
ȥ˻ôأֱӿû°
뷨ҲλʱֱӰ״к״ӦñȽϲ£ܿȥ˿¶˵ҲȽ桭
ʵ֤ȷʵǶλô˽⣬¥̫˽⣬ΪľҪĺĶࡣ
˼ǣĿǰ¥¥˿ƣʡ
ǡ
֮⣬֪µ˲𣿡
ǡ
Ҫ֣¥Ķ𣿡
ǡ
Ϣ©ˡҲˣ¥Ҳκ֪˵Ϣǲǣ
شһʱ򣬻̧ͷЦЦĿһۣ˵ʵĿں
˼Ļ¶˱裬ҪϸϸƷһƷն룬κȻһתĳʡ
һ绮Ȼһײǵʵ
вϸȫһ˿©һһ˵һŬҪϣȴΪ
˻µǰ棬϶һѪߵˡ
ת¿ˣڵϸƽոյһҲͬˡ
ƺھĳ֮ͺȻƽ
ÿ˶ԼĲӣƴҪȴΪֻܷһЩ
ǵѾƻˣǳɴɱ˵¥̸ɱǵĴһɱ˵ͬʱƻǵǷ
ͬʱܼٳѪЩŲӵˣÿ˶ӣϵѪȴû٣ֻвһȽ۵Ѫ
ǲ֪˭һֵ侫ɱˣȴǸɱ߼ʱ䣬ΪԼлŵĻᣬȻһʹȥ¥ĿǰĲ̫࣬ô˵õķǳõ˺󣬽׵ͺպˡ
Ǹ˵硣
Ҳ׵ĵɱˣȻѪһģЩڶ̶̼ڸܵľҲͬģն
ڶŲ豭ⱭӸոշŵߣҲǣҲǣﶼһµ״̬
ĺһڲ裬Ȼѱӷˡ
ˡܻµ͹Ҳ
ڳ⣬ûˡε˵ЩģҲû˻ңΪķӣɱر׵ġ
·ոֹģڿεͼʱѾˣ⵶̫죬Ҳ̫죬ΪعʱǼѾ췦
һֺܸӵΣɱ˵ûʲôøеģҲòΪ¥ɱ֣ȷʵǷǳ֮˲;˵Ͷ״˶С
ֻҪɱˣǵĶԻᴫ¥Ҳ˶еĳϡ
仰˵ոն˿ûгֻ֣Ǽ򵥵˵˼仰øոҪɱ߸ʣһĵˡ
ħһǰĶ˵֪ʲô˼ӦҲ֪ҵ˼ҰҵһжѺϣѾһС

ôԼġġ˫͸˶С
η
ޱȵǣȴ˶Ҫǡ
·ޱȡѵ££һԸ¶Ƶˣ𽥵УһȺ˹ͬ赸յ㡣
ûһ˻ᰲĵĺ¶Ƶģڶеǰһжúܼ򵥡
·ֲĵط
Ȼʼ˶ĿģǷĿţ·֮ǰ˵ģһһ˽Լĵġ

Ӯ

¥˺ܶ, Ҳֻм, ʣµ˻¥ϡǴʱҲЩΪȥ̫ʱˣڻû
ǿ, öûӦһǳֵ, ôҲûУյּžѾܾöû¥˵ˡ
ǱҲûˡ͸С϶͵ڵ״
ƽһ벻浽׳ʲôˣ书Ҳû·ô, Ȼ淢ʲô, һļžվǺ¡
ž֮, ֵϺȻ, ƽͰһվ۾ŹĶǱ߿
ǴӸոһȥķ򴫹, ۾ŹĴǱ߿ȥҹǸ˵˭, ȴֵ·ľͷֻһˡ
ոߵʱǺƺƵһ˹ȥģھֻһ˪Ĵ·ľͷ֣Ȼ˫۾ע£߽˸ڵӡ
Ŷڵ, ˵¥ϵڵҪǺ׵ġ
ƺ˺ܼҵֹһᣬȥֻһŮ˵
ЩأǶһȥģôͻһ
ˡ
˵Ůǳ侲Ǹ̫ǿɱˡ
ĺ˲ͣˡ
ĺͣ͵Ǹոջܼҵ˵һ̺ȻòҪ
ԱߵҲһ仰ɥʧеãֻƽһ˵ɻʣôˣ
ƺǴ˵ĳĬкܶ˫۾߿˹Ѿȫע۲Χİ˲һͷ亹ס˻ƽ졣
ڵֻĺ
ƽ֪ʲôֻ΢ֵĿŰ֪ԼǴˣ崳ʲôȴ

·氲Ŀţ¥ȥֹ֮۲˺ܾöиЩ֮Ľ𽥵ĴЩԻȥƶ϶еԸ
ô˵ɣһ齫ȻԭתʮȦĴһţȻҸռһ¶е飬ĽӦþͱȽвοˡ
ǸǳճƵˣĲһЩĪϣĵ˼Զ׽͸ϡ
ʱ·Ϊ϶ᷢˣȴЦúܿġеʱ·־ӦòһǸ˾ͱ̧˳ȥϢġ
·Ƿһ֪ǲɺϵĹɡ˺ŮҪӵġᡱһ㣬Ůӵʱ򲻻һ뻹Цһͷ
ѵõ̫ԣ·װУҲȻΣ˵һʼҲԶкܲҲһرº͵˵ģ·ֱǲ˼һ㡣
ʣµУһ˺Ͷ֮ĶԻ·΢Щ벻ģһħ̵ˣǺһŮһģ·˵ƽɣ־˶ϤӴĻ᲻͡
ϰߣ·ϸĴһƽɣֻһ򵥵ħ˵ӡ
·Ӧø֮ǰЩħûʲôͬģֻǶڿ˵ʱȴȻֵЦһ
һЦƽɵעʶЦʲôв˵ֻǵ˵ûʲôֻҺȻ۾еۣҪҩһˡ
ƽ仰üͷ΢΢ջʲôҲû˵·ںֱϸ˾ڴʲôԣֻʵǲ²ⲻ
Իʱų˴һʱԽԽˡ
ڣж˵ҲýˡҲþöûһ˵ô໰ˡ
ֿ˿ֵ˵Ӧкܶ˰಻סҪ߰ɡ
·ҲŴ¥Ͽһۣߵȷʵͦ࣬ҪǸղǺüģȴֻȥһȻһжɺƽ콭ûв˷ģҶһỹûأһжˣǶ塣
˵Ҫץ£ǻôкȻ˵ʵͦһԣϾŽֵôյģҾЩϰߣӡеĽֵӦԶرֵġ
·˽ֵϵЩŵĵոеģԼڸ۵һμʱ򣬰۾ڹĵص㣬ֻ·ϹʱȻʱнǼ¡
еڶƺйһֵģֵϵƻͨޱȣӻׯʱʵǽֵӣȻûۼǷǳǳġ
·˵ֵĻֲֻ֣Ǻܶϲġ书ǿ˻ͻ书õ˳֣ԻȡԼܹӳȥĻᡭǺܸӵġ
ǰ˵ڰõڸɫ˵Щжڰñ֪ǷӵģܳȥʱһСȺ￴˼ϤסǲǺȤ
·ͷƤ飬ȴȻվվ˴ڣ·һû뵽ԷȻͻȻվ˱¶ݵΣյģǿƺȫں
ŶԷıӰﹴһ¶ԷӡݸߵģĿһˣڰпԿһͷĺڷ
п棬ȻЦˣˣҲȻӴ￴һģģӰ
Ǹ˵·ŴڴķƮţվһ˶ü˵һϷشҲûİɣ
ӡ·ﰵһ
˻ľͰղŸ·˵Ļ˵ˣ·ϣ˲һƬҵ˺
˶ӷ˳ȥССһڣſͣŵ
ſڴп濴ͱֶˡ
·˾໰תͷ³壬Ҳ¥˶ǵ˹ȥ
Ǿһӡӣ˭˭˱ù·һһ˵ȥһƽͰ˵书ڽ涼㲻Ƕģǻƽ
·ĵȥһƽ̫࣬ʱ˿ּɢˣȺмҪɤӣȴûҵˣڻӵʱƿţȴһˡ
վſҲû䣬Ȼ䲻ǲǶжŪһģΪҲ޷ǿװˡ
侲һЩۺȻ·֪ģЩɬ˵˵ǲǹġҳ˵ǶԵģܹ͸ÿһ˵ģˡ
û䣬Ƕû䡣ۺȻ
·ǰ˵㿴ԳԼܹƿģܹ˽ÿһЩʲôҸովʹôĵطߣղŴʼաȻûϳҡ
·ĺһ¡
ԣӮˡ۶·Цúǿɰ˵𼱣˳·ȥĵطҡ
ƽͰײײţƽով˲˵ע⣬԰Ǿ仰ʱ;òŻƽȾܣҺһ
ЩǲܵĹ˳ɱ˵ģŻƽܵķζҪըˣһһп񺰣ûܾȾǣ
û°ɣ˵ŻĹһ˵ȻǵĶߣرĶ죬ĺƣرᣬ˳㻹קһֱܵĻƽ֣ѹ˲ϲ
˵ѵѾ³ɵĹ
һתͷ˵ʱͺȻ



кܶ, ǰ˾һ
ͷô⣿ƽµʱϲġ
˳ק߰ɣҴǳȥ
˵⻰ʱ, Ϥº, ûƽİ˲١
ק˻ƽŻƽֶѾǱˣղŻƽһֱæ, п϶ǳĽţҲûܻ
µǿƽҲ֪, ˲ѹʹǶڻΪʲôеȵİʱ˿Ҳ˿
Ҳֵİɡ, ﵽôµˣҲ, ˵, һ鱨Ǻõģǲ֪ոһֱ
¹ȻʵǷ, ԭڻƽ׼ͼıڱ˦һ롣
ֱһȺֱһƥȻѰͻƽȥ
ߡµǲʶ·Լ·, ܳȥˡ
㲻һ𣿡ƽϳ֮̽Դ¡
ˣһе£߰ɡµ
ֵطʲô°ȻҪˡĪǻͷʲôҪȥȣƽԼ˼·, æ˵ͷͷ˻ȥ
˺ԶԶƽûסƿһȴֻ¾һֱվڴĿȥĳ
ΧһȺǣȺһȴָ룬Ϊ̫ƽ
ƽĪľָоֵֹģһᣬְѴˡ
żĻƽǣŲæԽҵȺһƬյϡܵ˵ջķġ
¥չһ߲˵Ҫ˷ݽĿǰʿܱеĶȫ
˵ƽ̨׬أе˷ӣͶˣЩ֮аʵرǿˣϢرͨˣʵզԵզصõըˣЩ˲ǽѸˣھôһ嵥
ЩǰһĪǷǳպȥŻ˵ģʵĽɻˣôǿһŵƣΪʲôȻܰԼŪ󲻵
ӣ᲻һʱԺҲĪһЩ˵ıأ
¶ĪЩڴ
̽ͷȥ˿һƬҵȺʼ˼𴲺ϻʲôأ

ʱ˲࣬Ҳͽֻмѣ˯Ľվں棬һֱһ˯߲õӣĶ棬һźõվţҲŵƣ
ſ϶Ҫ˯ˣڴеʱȻˡ
ϵİǽйˣҲվž˯ŵӡһ˾ߵʱ˵۾ǰ߹ȥʢˣûôʢ
ȻʱϰǽйЩãɸոջ˵˼£ԱýˡʢǱߵƽ˵˵һɡ
Ӹոսһֱûۿƽɣʢô˵̧ͷһۡ
ƽƽʱקקص˾ȻûΪǸոմӾۻϻ
üͷ
ǸۻȻʱʵ̫æˣȥ˾ˡ
һֱƽûʲôȤò˵Ӿ֪һʲô飬Żôһͽˡ
ǵʱһȺ˶վڵ£һ˻ǣȻȥǰƽɵǸ˵ҩ
ܡѿڶͷҩôҲϽȥˡ
ڣǸҪߵʱȻ˵һ仰ƽ˵˵۾ۣҪҩһˡ
͵۾ƽʣô˵ģ
ǧȷ
ȥ˲𣿡֣Ҳûʱ䣬Ҫʱ䣬ҿ϶ȥԳôҪء
Ҳˣ֪ĿĴڡʢҲǵϢôй¶ȥġҪ׵ľй¶ȥǾҪùˡ
Ӧð֪Ŀ˶ϸɸѡģӦûܹϢ͸¶ȥĳְ·ļһ⣬Ӧöڷϡ
ƽֿ˽һۣʢ˵ˣ컹ǽĹ
ȰѾ˵׵㣬ȻҸû취˽⾿ôһ°תͷĶƽ˵
ҲĲǺֻ˵ƽɵǸ˻ᴫǸܵƵŮ˵ʱȴǸˣ˵ô¡
ʱһһۣǸŰ·ˣɫĳݵġ
ԭְı飬ǲ֪ʲôʱ򣬱ͺȻıùŹˣƽ˵ǸƺŮ˵̬ȱȶ˵̬Ҫʱı͸ˡ
ôֱ飿ʢʣʶ
Ҳʶæҡͷôʶ۾ֻŮ˵ˣûֻǾ̫ɫ˶ѡ
ƽ˵˰죬ȻʣǸܲܿ͸ģ
˵ƽɻʱüͷҲЩʱ˵ĻҸоƤ񣬷·ʶôһһҴûм
ˡʢˡʵΣ
ſվɫ糣ĵʲôԤһֻʱ̫˲ű֣Ѿǿˡ
ҲΪǸͨĹʢҸо˺Σա֮ǰĶҪΣյĶࡣ
˶ô˵ʡ
Ƕƾ޾ݵϹ£Ҫó֤ʢѾ˺صĵزˣƾ޾ݣҲҪж
˵ôжҶġʲôҲû˵ֻ˵˾ϾҳǵģҲû취顣
ˣȻȥɡʢ³һԲߣҪһһ
˳̧ͷͷϵǣŸոһѣȥ»˯
մ˵ʲôƽڽ˵Ļʲô˼
һˡ
³һ۷֦ͷС˵볡˱Ѿָ˹򣬽еĶͽϳĹˣ˭֪ȴȻðһܲýģӾˡ
Ͼ볡ͨ׬Ķ࣬˵ĳֿܻ˳ӡ
ˣҸ˵ʲôֲöӡһӣתͷ뿪ˡûлԼңȥ˰ٲתһȦ
ȥʱ򣬸պÿڰſ˯Դһһ͵ġ

   

»ʱſ΢һᣬͱˡ
Ŀ۴˯Ľ, ֮˲
¡߹ڻµԱߵ, Ҳһ, 𣿡
Բе˯Ժˡ۾, ˽ࡣʣҽȥˣ
ãȻҡҡͷ
²ͶˡЦǺǵĵ, ܲµĵˮƽҲͲŻˡ

֮󣬻»ûӦ
һϵĽǸˣ
ϵɺ, ˵۽Ϸʲô޹, ƿúõĺһʿ
ӦöԽСӰ, ھΣÿδķչôˡ
ʵ֪¥״Ϊ¥һжδ֪ģ׹˵ر壬ϱͬһʱ, ѾֵǷˣ׹Ϣ, һҲûС
ûղ㲻ϱôģ¾ðЩʱ˲籨
Īľͳһת, ջһԱ󽫣ΪһܴˣӦܳɹİӦȥܱһԼ
·һЩ׼ùһֱҪˣһһһ֣˵ֱӽˣͻȻ˽ȥ
ȥһۣŷŸ̽ںֻʰʰֿտյľô˳ȥ
һС֮󣬻¿Ǳվš
ˣ㿴в³ȥǸ͵һĵ˻µĺϣǰһǳŮ˵
һµı˹ȥȻǸŮ󿴿ҿǸŮַڻµļϣ¸첲ļ⡭
˿ͦваǸŮתͷź³˵
У㲻˵ҪƢõģȻºϲƢ𡣡Ǹε˵㣬ҵģˣƢĺã˵ʲô԰⡣
ɶƢõɶѡţ𣿻һ£ȴʮȻŮ˹첲ʱ̧
ĳ˵ĵ֤Ƣõ˵ֻǳԾƤĴͽëһ
ʵ˵һС⻹ͦԸеģôҲҹϷŮˣû㼡Ҳܲôߡ
С㣬ǱˡǸڻ¶С˵Ｗһ䣬һҪúöԴǧòˡ
⿴лĿǰ㣬ûʲôã㻹ͦŮģüëܴ֣Ҳǣͦĳࡣ
书²ˣʡ
У书һ㡭˵ĻҲСãȻ˵
Ǿȸ߰ɡ㲻֪һӸ˻µá
֣ȥʱ򣬻Ǹںצģƺһֱڶ˵ʲôֲҳ΢һ£ǡǧźá˼
ǿһСӴŵһȫݡ¾ӦСˣϾŵİȫҲʲôõģǿӡû²ֱ˯ˡ
ãˡȻ֪ףôҲһˡ
Ǹһ£Ҫʲô𣿡˵
Ȼȥ尡תͷʱ䲻ˣǵÿߡ
壿죿̧ͷһλεĴ̫ʼ˼
ԼӦǱʱˣҲ֪ûʱӰѣΪԲŵģҲôͻľ˻ͬȥ塱ľ
Ȼ˼Ҹ˵ź𡭡ǿ϶ǲ˵ģ¡´˿֣㣬ȥģ
ȥҸˡҧгݵ˵Ȼ书ǵʱװһɱܶ˵ˣǸ޳ܵĹ֪˲±ģ˭ɱҹζܱѡ
˵˭
ʵջµľ˵һ˲ΪҪȥɱǰѡ
Ű㣬´ȥǰѵôˣһ·ϻͼһ赼˵Ӧúúʰһµģڻµĺ⣬òƲô顣
ôô°ģᆪµˣһŶûС
ǣǣǡµ˵ͷϴ̬ȷǳãһȴǣʹǲԵģ㿴ܻܲİ취
һ·ੲݣ㿴üȭͷַ££
ָо¾ŸԽǰ߶ʱȴû취ĸоһһġ
ڣһҴլǰ棬ãȻĿһۣ㣬ǡΪʲôҪ
Ϊҿ߳˵
͵͵ΧǸ㣬ǳ͢󳼣˵ǻᱻץȥɱͷġ
һܵĹٰǸС𣿡˲ƿڴҪȥ˾ǣһĹٴ󡣡
һûӣУǰر˹ĵӣٴ˭ǾϹġ
ӣȻ֪˵߻˾ûв֪ģ͢ϵ̫ܹڵģĿǰҲû˵Ҫȥո֣Ͼһ²һ¡
ȷʵǱˣҲΪʲôҪ⣬鲻ǰѣ׼ˡ
˵ĵλıŸôģ׳°ɣµʱ˼Һ׷鵽ͷϵġ
˵ɲɰɣ㿴ۻµģղҾ;㲻ףʲôҸ㵣أڣ˵ˣ˶¡
ӣ˵ֲŵúźСطһ𰡡
һ׼̿ʹҹ£һŴ촩ҹµĶȱоһʣʲô
ѹ֬ࡣϽȥȻպײǿŮԱߵûһ˵ģѾˣôܻôʱ䣬Ҫҡҿ϶Ź
һ˵ţһߺŵĿŻµ洩ҹ£ûзⱳĻĻ·ĶԽԽ
ԭ૵ֹһ䡣
Լ·صһСͳһѵ˦˸¸ķ
ʱȥúŻŻֱӾͰˡ˵ڹŴŵķԣȴȻǰĻתͷ
Ȼ˵ԶףӦصҲûʲôɡ˵ţһ㶡
ɫȻɢһ˲õոǸһҲһĻ£㶵ĵаɡ㣬ص㡭Ҳûʲô¡

Ƹɱ

·ǽߣˮ, Ĵҹ, ҲͲ̿Ǳһˣƻᱻ˵ɵӡ
ҹҲа÷, ǿһô, Ȼ, ܹϲ˭ǿѡ
·ǽ֮󲻾ãһҹµҲŷˡ˵, СĶԻµ, , Ȼᡭôʲô
ǸӦʲôطʡ
, һӦݰɡ, ⲻص㣬صôֱӹȥ𣿡
ȥɣԷҹζࡣζĵ, ο˶뵽Ȼȥˣ˵ͦȫġ

Ӧ÷ֿߡµ, һȥĵطȽΣ, 㿴⸽û˵ĵأһ, һ֮ٳҡ
֪ǲǴӸղſʼ;Լ岻ʲôˡ˵ҾúУҵʱԶ, Ȼܾòġ
аɡµǵʱ·𣿡
ǵá
ǵþУΪеˡ
ȵȡҲװʹôȥ𣿲׼ʲô𣿡
׼ʲôãȻʡ
㿴˼ҽٸƶĶرĴºţȻʵʱ֣৵һȫ˵Ŀ⣬ȻĳƣʵڲеģҲܱŸˮ֮С˵ŻЩǵĳֿ˿£㿴ڣֻ¶һ˫۾˶ϲ˭Ȼ󻹰Ҳ˵һ仰
˼ٵĻñ˿˧
³Ĭ˺ܾã㲻ʲôۣΪʲôǸŵ˷ҪԸõˡ
ʲô˼ƾŪĳĬһ˵ġ
ҵʲô
ʵĻû˵ڣͿµıӰһľôԶȥˡ
˵ոܸϻ£ôһǿ׷ϣֻܿŻµıӰԽԽԶ
ں𾪵ĺ㰡ô嶯
ĺһͬԶģլд˷ľʲô⣿ȥģд̿ͣ
һʱ֮бøָ֣ǿ޹Ŵ˷
վں棬ڹ˺ΪĿɿڴʵ˼
ûһӴôϸߵġֱӡߵļ¼ˡ
ȻԼ书̫ã书õ̫ˣֺõҲҲеȵľԲࡣ
ֱ˰ĿͶϺһ飬תͿʼ
ɱͿʼ
Ĳ˵̰ǮӦͦģΪֲլģôһլӣȷʵͨܰ쵽ģϾطķ˵ᣬõضεĹŴִûʲôͬ
ȥ͸ӽ׵һֵˣӶͷƵͷͷƵͷɻû㡣
Ȼ˵ݣôˣݾģ»»ǵüһʱ䡣
ͷӬһײ˰죬߰½ҲӦʲôطˣ˶Ǳȥ¡
̿͵ĵһӦĵطܣӦҲ⡣
ȻҲǵɽ֮ƣһǻҲ͸ɴˡ
լӵжԼ̫ΪÿξլӦߵͷܻ֮ҵһµӡ
ָӽϵİţһ㶼ûнС԰ķ
˼ҽ߶һһӲģǶܾ£λ˿ǱˣԲãࡣ
ŮҲܶࡣ
ӻµӹȥһһĹȻûж࿴ǣ⿴һ۵ġ
Ѿߣ檣иִС檣ÿ˶ڸܣʧɫûСˣĺܺɫȻС˶ãȫѾߡ
Ÿʢ˥Ļ˵
¿Լɫλܣ𽥵ĽӽطĵطǸطլĴֱϣ¸оǸӦиܴ㣬תͷͳǱ˹ȥ
ʱլΧţȥȴһҲûҵܽȥĻᡣ
һΪˣΪҹʵ̫ۣղû׷ϻµ˶ֱˡ
ԿΨһ¾ǷһһʱʱͷԼƺƵĸȺˡ
ȥȥⲻ԰һһ˵ӦİǸСȥˣ
ûе֣Ӧ˵Ƿǳ֡
ʼʱͦһˣȥѾҲӰˣ˿µԴһĹ쵽ôһ¡
ʱ㻳Ļִ顣
£ھľİһɱ֡
һٸƶ书ǿѪ˧ˡӿ̫ܲʹɱ֡
ǲͦʱ֣ġ
ģ°©ıһСˡ
˶СӰ֮£ǸС˱ߣ¾ס֮͸СƵġ
ңңҲ֪Сһֵ˵
ôܻ᲻֪΢΢۾ӿԸΣա
ҹ»ʳее
ǣҲҰС˱Ĵ󺰣ʲô֪ҾһӵģΪʲôʸոܹȥǸŮģǳϲС檣
ָŸոܹȥһŮ˵
ϻ˵ӲʹˣӺʹɱĹɱô
̧ͷ˿̫ޱ飬ȴĬĬĲš
ǸεŮˣҲǾְ֤ߡĿĳԱԲΥġ
ңƸɱ֣ңĪø顣
һ߻ɢŸּį֮飬һլϴȫİһɱֻ˳å
ʵˣһǱԼĬĬᡣ

˵һ·ϼɹģҲһɡ
Щ˿϶ӵģֻҪ˳ЩķߣôӦþҵɧҷĵط
ҲǷǳĻǵģϵľͿʼŸȺ෴ĵطܣҪҵˡ
Ͼ׷ԼҲƾҪֱ
Խ෴ĵطԽ֣ܵһʱ򲻹׷ͣһ£۲һΧĽ
е֡
üеһܣѵҿˣ
ҿˡӦòܻᷢ鰡
ôţµĶȴԾļӿһ㡣
һ·ͣͣլĵĵط
ɵ̤ĵһʱȴоЩԾ
ط̫ˣ֮лһֻϰ֮˲ܸо޵ɱɱһ㽭˵ĻһΪ˵ɱлһµĸо
˵ƽܵɱһ㶼һǳͻĵ㣬ôһܵɱһŴ飬ǵء
üͷһ¡
ס
ָоķǳԡ
ܸоĿⶼϡ
ﵽôˣ

һа

ǻ³һжɱ
δָоô, ͺȻԼոչǸűһˣǽͷϺȻðһȺˣÿ˶, , ˹ÿһ֧ķ
һʱ԰ﶼ£ǽͷЩҲн֮ˡ
֮, »üӽǷǳѵ, ڶʱ͵ôΧס, ƲǶʱھ֯, Ӧõ׼һʱˡ
վڼм䣬ζķһ, Ŷ
Ŀʲôȫµĸ
ģ, ȥеȱɱ뵽
һСģײһ㰡

㿴ЩﲻԽԽǿңôҲǸ, ȻЩĽŵһЩ
Χǽĸ߶δҲ̫һЩ, ȻǮ˶ϲլԺһҲû˻ôߵģǽأ쾮ֵطܶ, һ˵ֲöǾģͨ˼ҲŪô࣬иص㣬ԡ淢ʲô治ײһʲôֲٺʲˡ
ͨ˿ֲþԲô࣬Щ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ļ٣Ҫҵ£ײ£Ȼһ濴Ƿյ԰֮⡣
ԶԶȥҴչȥΪԴԴϵǸӵķ߹ȥǸ˵еľȺ϶ס
ǽҲϵ¶˵Դˣ̬ȼֱǶԸʲôϽ̬ȣ㶼ɵˡ
ǵڸأ
ǸӿеСӲɣ
浽Ǳӵ˵ʱȥ
׻˵ܱܲţ㻹ķһƹȥĻᡣ
ΪΧһȦΧԴΧǽϣȻһСͿˡ׼һλãһӾʹ˹ȥ
ʱ䣬׼һ۾ģôãҲøˣΧǽЩ˷ǽù䡣Ҳûһʱ䣬˭֪ȥһ룬ͺȻɵˡ
㱣ǽͷһһӣȻһҲûע⵽
˵ʹע⵽ˣҲû˸Ҷ֡
Χǽ֮ڵĵϣĵǼҲһƬյء
¿淴һ΢ЩĻֵУʱֻӴӵܹ¶кܴĻᱻֱӶڵϡ
ΧеĹֶͣס˶ԿóӦǻûзģϾһ϶˹Ƕ˵ҲֻΨһľٶˣǲκ顣
Ϊеˡ
ʱ˿̿յ֮ϻڣһҹµϸɸɾģһȴһѪ
ϡԿļѪ˵ȵмλã𽥵󡭡
λÿȥʵеΣ㿴һ۾Ͳİͷ˹ȥ
һᣬ̲ס͵͵İͷתһۡ
ϸɸɾģһҵĸоûУĵȫǼֻڵĵطΪԲģ뾶ûκεļһССĿհԲȦ
ⷽԲ׵ԲȦ֮УǸһϵΨһһ͸һλεĳһҲ֪ڳʲô
ſǽͷϣؿվһѼ֮еĻ¡
µͦĵģűԼƵˣͷĶһ䣬²£
Ƶ˶øɸƵģҲش𲻳µĻˣرʵЦȻְѵĲƣĲһԵѪۡ
֮ϲ
ԭ´ŹͳģҲûʲô£ҪǸ˼湻ˣݷǸߵ£ֻҪŶԷͺãײô档
⹭֣ף
׵˽ȥֱggˡ
˵Ϊʲôլӽɽ·ʮ䣬һһģߵΪʲôô࣬Ū˰ȫΪ˲˰ǽݲؽǲһѴүǡ
λΪʲôô˽²챻֮λ˵ҵͷˣŵͷˡ
绹ǺϧģһԼСڻµϣΧĹ֣ͣûм䡣
Ҫ˵αأҲǶ˼ѡⱻ͢سסҲǸ
ıǳľ֣ոĿ˻һƬͥŲ˳ְ˹ġ
˵ڱΪڼдĳ̫ˣܲȰعϷ룬ûһ¾͸ˡ
ղʱ򻹾Լ߸ϣһ󣬲ŻµķղҲһ˶ѣȴȻĸܵ
ܸܵԼСڶԷ¸ֻһģ־һ֡ʶһǻ˾Щģ֮£
ֶĿ־壬ݵȴϵʹࡣ
׳ʿСĵĶԻµزʶǸʲô¶ǺҪǮֱ˵ҪʲôĶҲֱ˵
²˵ֻĿ⿴
ЦһȹöǮѵɵ
һҲɴ۾ſյ֮ϡ
ԭΪԼֻקһӲ̫ʹΪЩŹֵ˵ˣϾǱߵָקģ֪Ҳ϶ϱקʲôֵ˶þȡ
ŻʱȻվм仹رһɱ֡
ûɱ֣ʹǿЩɱܱʱҲǰ״̬ˣɱȻʲô˧ĸо㿴ǰǿˡɱ֡ʱȴȻɱִҲӵġ
ң⻹ɱ飬Įɱ֡ϵҾԼԲϴĻΪԼҴˡ
ʱ˿̵ĻվĪľһĿĸо˵Ͼεܹ˸ܵһڵɱûһ֮»ܰĵĴȥ
Ǻһ¡
Ϊ㻹ǵãڿȥܸɱԼˣڴŶʮǰੲݣǸһȰҪ嶯ɱˣ嶯á
ڳűɨΧһȦŹˡ
ĵط˶ɪһ£һʱΧıײ
ڻʮֶҹµģڳȴûһ˸ͬ
˶Ϊֹ𺳣в˶͵͵Ĳ²⻪µ

̽

˶ʶ, ֵһǽϵ֮
ôΪʲôͻȻͱȽнˡ
ǵȻšиƴСҪԾйϵק˸۸ˡǳ׵Ļ
Ͼʵ̫ˡ
ԴŵĻԼԶӦġ
ʱطһϵеĲǹġһоΪľ档
Ȼ, ҲΪʵ̫ˡ
ɸ΢״̬¶𺳵ĳ, ø׼˺ܳʱһ
Ȼһò, ô͸ˡ
ΧĬ˴Ű֮, Ⱥһվ˳, ʮĶԻ˵ֽ֪˶֮, ֻ¶ֵܲģΪ־ͻ
鱾Ͳܹ֪ģ㶮ҵ˼𣿡
˵ȴּһ䣬ѵ¡ǻͻе
˵ǳѹȸкջڴ󲿷ֵĽ˵, Ѿ㹻Ǻúõһˡ
ϾȻڵ, ûԸ͢Ϲϵ
⻰ֻû΢΢üë
ϣⲻⲻǡ
͢Ϲϵ, ˽ͷ
Ȼ֪ǲͽλ, һ˵˵ǻáȴƫƫ
ôҲǳԻģһС, ô˵Ҳøΰ
Ҫǡ׼ѹ˦㱳, һʵ񣬾ܰеĹ
滹ΪЩĵ˿֪Լô׵ر¸ˡ
˿ѹû, Ǳߵˣеĵû˿ȥĴ㡣
Ǹ˲е㼱ˣû뵽¶һ㷴Ӧû, ΢ֳԥӶûС
˺ܿ͸ˡΪȫ㲻ʲô
һһΧ˶ͦ޵еģ˿˿ǳ
㣬ĿʲôĬ˺һ󣬷Ǳסĳȿ˿ڣʣ㲻ҪǮҪȨô˭ָʾģŵʲô
¿űԼסˣһ˵˼·ҲȷʵˡһɱֹɶҲҪһרҵӣǾԲӲʹè塣
ǰѻµ˭ʿˣרűɱ˵ģȫͲô˽ԭ
Ȼ»Ĳǡ
űԼסˣЦһȻһһֵ˵Ϊ
ҪΪҪķԸȺ֮ǸУҪ˶֪ǸѪģģȴ֡
һʱȫžȸɹȥü
˶һǱ̬Ѫɱ֣һڣﻹŷ˵Ĵ̿͵˵Ϊĸ֣֪Ϊʲô;еħá
ſǽͷϵˤȥ
Ļ£һ˵˻ͦİ
ʱ򶼻ܼǵĿģ˸оʲôط̫ԡ
ı鶼ˣѰ˼ΪĴҲûУġࡣ
ĺһͷôΣյĵطȻǵΪġ
Ҫ֪˽Ǹ޴һ˭ױȥġ
²Զ㶼㲻ģģԻ·ˡ
˿жô棬ںȻȫĽ㡣
ΪȻ˼Ի·̫Ծ˼ȫûһܴĹġ
ڳС˵Ƕ˰ɣúõĴţҪҲ֪µǳҲôһɡ
Ȼһ仰ŵòҶ³ûڸĴĹ۲죬Ѱҿܵĵص㣬һۿſŵ㡣
ΧѾкܶ˶ע⵽ˣʱû֣ۼѾķȥˣҲÿ֣Ȼһ㱻ץסʾͲˡ
־ק˳´ְʱһֵʣʲô
ҲشקӾڵĵطһṦ˹ȥ
㻹ſ￴Żһаٵľأʵ˵ֳ˵ɲ൱ڿһξͲһеڶεľˡ
ſ￴ˣڵľжôΣա
˭й̽ĵ룬˵ǴСŸָ³ˡ
Ĵ٣ǴûκһĴڽ֮еĵ⽣Ӱĸо
ΪǰĽڱװİɣǰûһװ˸оɱĳϲġ
ʵ뷨û֪Ҳ²һ£ҲǴͳӰ˭ҵĴͳ˽˲ܰ
л˵ڻ¿ʱһڷɾͷɵߣûзӦʱһץסܡ
קųˣק㣬ɱ񣬷ɳ
˵ǳóܡ
ôһĹ򣬳Ѿӳȥüˣĳǿ׼㣡׼㣡
һܣһ߶ŵ⽣꣬һ߻ʱʱĻøܣʱעԼûߴ·
ʵһ㶼ɣǳӵģһֱֵıɫתѾˡ
װxıѾܹҲװһʵĸо
ȻҲУ״еľ飬ԽԽҪ򶨣Ҫһ㣬æҵĻš
·Ĺл˳㿴㣬뿴λǲǶ·ķʽ̫ӦһתͷȻˡ
ǵûж״ֳһ˿£һ˷ܣֻ۾ɵԲҹ˯ʢܺǸ۾Բһģһ
˷ܸ˵ĸоͺܺӺò׷˸٣׼ȥɽһ
治ǡС谡ⶼǴСûʲô۵˲Żеֹ̬ڻϣи˴˼֮УȻ󻹴ԼͱŸˡ
Ȼ˼ҴС㶼ôŵùôôСһСأ
һĶߺСӣû뵽㻹ͦ𣡡
ڿֵĻԼŵһȥǲʲô˵ܡĳҲûʲô
ϾҲ̫ܻлԼĶ߱ˡ
⵶⽣֮оȻҲԼ󴳽ĳװƬĸо
ھǸŹ̽Ĵµɱ֣˧ֵ𡭡ǲ֪ĸƬ׼ҹ£һ˧¶
һ·֮У𽥵ĳһȫϲķɱȥ
ק㣬ֿųôһ㹻˶Ŀƣ˰׿һ˳ĳǽ
˵Ĳڵĵطġ
·ʱſСоԼͷʲôӰڵһ£̧ͷͿʲôֵϴͷԽ
ԽȥĶһ·˼ӣ˲䣬ԭͦгĳʱɹ
ϣϳˡµһֲ´˵̫ˣǿ֮϶˵ȥģ
ɲʲô°εĵӦһСľˡˡ
֪ǡ£ǻô찡
ǾͿܰر˵
ӳݵסٵ˼󽥽ӵĿУĿʼ
㿴Ҫʲô췴췴ô£ܲ͵ǿ϶ܰиط϶ܹܣģŰרŸģҽǸϽȥǣǾ
˵Խ࣬ӵ۹Խǿҡ
ֱϲ˵ӣ˵ĳ˵ʱһס˻µ죬ˣ֪ˣ㲻Ҫ˵ˡ
ߴҸɭô챻Ѽ״Ļģ˵
ŵ˰ȫǰŰȫһ߶תˣԼĿװεĳ
ԭ۾յغúõأôһǻһ¡

ҹд

ҲǵѪùˡ
˼ƤƤ§С檣ĥ췴, Ȼžߴһ´, Ȼ˾͸һҸ, ˳ְ˸ˡ
ڻܸܵԼĴʹʼʹĲˣģʹоͿʼСȵڡ, Ѿȫûйϵˡ
Ѿ״̬ˣͲЩϸڡ
´󷽷Ľ, ڻ½ŵʱ򣬳һֱһֵֿŻ£·ǻӡ
¶˵̻̫ʱ򣬻ⷢ˼ЦһžʲôĶ֪𣿡
¿ű·ãȻһ¡
ϴʬʱΪߵ·ͨŵ, ϾϴֱӴ߹, ˭ֱ֪߱ӷסˣʶϴӦ˼ĺš
ںੲݣԭΪո˵û뵽Ǹʲô֪ɵСӡ˵˵ʲô֪ô͸ץأڳл˵ģץң㣬ͬ, ÿһ˶Ӳ
ֻº޷Ӧֳ̾һ˵ʡˣɵ˵ʲô˶Щһϲ֪ͨ˵ǰ׷
ˣʹɡ
¿ǰľ壬ܹϵİľֱͽֲˣְľһߡ
һ࣬ص
²ľʱ򣬳ϵļָŶһ¡
ȵ°ľһߣקߵʱѾŻˡ
Ȼᣬʲôˣ½ȥʱǱֵģǿôµʹ󶼾ˡ
Ҳû˵ֱӰѳ˳ϡ֡һš
ֵˣ¶ֵƨ۵óҲˡ
ֻл»ʮƽ˵췴Ҫϱ

˵֮䳡ˣԥһᣬùô˵˼ҹҲţͿʼԼϿ񷭣ڷһûùĺɫһӡ
ˣ
ڳ˶ĳϿ˹ȥ
ǿӷԵúۣҲǵһͳá
ⶫôҲŸģ֮ǰŵǰ˸˵ӵĹְòƱߵҪ
ʱֻǸпһ£Ȼʲôûˡ
컹һ⣬Ҫ£¶벻Լ
ŵ˵˵ģǵһĿȻ
롣
ֵĲĿͶϺ۾ֱˡ
¿֮еĵ˵ͷС
ӣǰӦû
תˣֻʣ±ĳڵϴš
ȫһ˵״̬
Ӱ죬ƴӿʺһһܰû
ʲô
ȻԼղŸԷ˵Ļ˶Щһϲ֪ͨ˵ǰ׷
⻰ڴpiapiaġ
ʼΪǸˣΪ˭ɱʿ֮־ĸɵӡ
ڿȻǸ˾ղ󳼣
һپҷҪľȻԼץץǸԻ·ǲǳʲô
һղץ˾ͺúõץ
˾ĴŽҲãҲãαװɸɱ֣Ѫĳ͢󳼵ĸУһȺȥƱأ
˵ͷղ󳼶ϲôҴ̼ˣ
ʱ˶

´ųͿʼڽֵй䣬˳ȥ㡣
ղŲ֪Ұȥˣԭʮֵ£òȴ˷֮С
¹ȥһʣ֪ԭȥϴһȦŻġ
ոձȫȥ˷ܸȫˣԻ˵֪𣿽˶̸ǣ
µ˵ͷ
ϻⲻҲе˵ȥˣֱµǵ»ֱݡ
ÿһˣÿһ˵ǡһ޴ҸеĸоĻ¾еЦ
ʵⷴӦͦʵģԼԽһСʿϣȻ֮һδӱ˵ĿԼ֣ҲῪĳ
κԽĵһĻǡԼжôôбԼͷֵǮȻһû˯ţ۵
Ƕ˵Ϊأ˷ܵ˵һҾȻҲ˺Ҵ
ĵӦһ˵ȴλְڼȷûʲô°
˰ƱˣҵĵһӦȻֳƿ죬ûһΪһµġ
ģᡣ
ιŻĵĻشһļ򣬡㵽û˵
أءعͷ
û㻹ͦӵ𡣡µĴһ»¡
Ѿҹ£ǸʵĲеĺӣһвĵطüĿ㣬˿ҲóƺһС˧硣
ʵʵվĻǣ¶һֺõЦݡ
µĴһ»£ͺȻôô˳ۡ
Ϊ֮ǰڳǸӼûһ֮
ͺǿһ̨ϷǳĿĴ̨֮ͻȻøԼһ㶼һһ
ʵ˵ղŻɵˣȻҲ˧˧ڻµҲǸġС˧硱;˵ָо
ĻȻ©ǸոǸ棬ʲôֻƼһ˫۾˸˧
ЦʲôЦ㿴ŻֺõЦݣĪһһס˻µ졣
±Ѽ죬һƵʣΪɭĪǡҡ
ô˵һͿˣƺ˵ʲô˵ȥʵʵĻһ޵˵Ը⣡š
Ŷ
ˣԺʵʵĸҳȥˡһҲ̶õģ˵
Ҫȥѽ˵
ſ˻µ죬µ´Ѽӵ״˻
Լٴ죬ᴽˡ
»ȥŵ˱µʱ̾ģǰίиǸ˵ʮֵĿġ
һŻµļ˵Ҿ֪׵ˣʲô½ˡ
ǼȻǳһС鷳Ҳ鷳úõİһæˡµ
һСľͽ˳ȻһСľͷ췴ȻһСľͰץˣȥſ˵ܿ
˵˾ˣܿ˲ʹı顣
Ȼڻûӣ洫һҵİ
аɣҲק˼Ӱ³
ûκ뵽
˰ٲãͿſһڶྐྵ죬Զͳ֣ر˷ܵ˵˳ˣ
ǳˣǡаԿԳˡĸо߹ȥһѹӣĶȺм䣬ŽǴʲôµİԡ
͸ղţСȥǱʱۿġŵĴر˷ܵ˵˵ϳˣи˰ѳ˳˭û˭ӦǸĴ
û뵽ȻĴһ˵ҲǾó̫ˣԲŰˡ
ղ˵ŵ˶ˣһѲ춼ųȥˡϣǸԶ㣬Ǹߵ˵
İɣԶˣûʲôڸеӰĬĬĲ䵽
أͺȻԱߵ˵֪Ƕʲô𣿡
ʲô
ҹдҾ˵˰ܵʱ㣬Ӧþģ˵ɲɣ
ģ
˶Ϊһ䡰ġΧȥÿ϶˷ܵı飬ֻлԭ˰졣
ҹд
ô尡
лҪ˵˷Ӧ´ͦ࡭ָһ£Ҳ¸²ͨ˳䣬ûĵġ
ΪһڵģԲ̫ͨ˳ԺҾٿһ顣
ͷŶ=أ=

Ԥ

ҹдҹд
⼸컪¶ڱҹд֧Ŀ־֮, ʱߵﶼüҹд, ô˷۵ԭ֮һͷһȷǴǴĴ
ָоž͸ڳѧһ
ÿʱ鶼΢
Ӧô, ӵһ
Ӱٲһ
ڰٲ˵̫ңԶڰٲ˵, ҹдһ
⼸ЩҪҹȥ, Ȼָ, Ȱû²ҪϹҡ
˼ҹдֺãܳȥ壬𣿡˵, ĳȥҾѾ, ʵڼҴš
˵ʱ, ¾Աŵأ˵Ļ, ĸĸӡ
йڳ´ķз, ſڵС֪϶µľͨˡ
֪ǲԶĵطһ˽ǿֵСĻᱻŸ
Ҳ˼λΪʲôôĵ
˵߸̶, ˽Ӧǲᷢ, Ϊһ㲻Щ£ֻҪ׬Ǯͺˡ
λԻ·ڲͬ, ԲŻС檺˽һаɡ
ЩҲֻлĥһ, ˻ϲġ
ǣڿĵųȥġ
һһϵأȻ˴˺ҵ
ƺͦ˶ڽֵϱš
еɻ, ̽ͷȥһۣȻͿŵӿڵǽһž޴ͨ
ӿͨĲ⣬಻ͬĲ쳯Զĵطܹȥ
ôˣ̽ͷȥҪôµʱ򣬾ͺȻ漱ҴҵķɽһֻСּ
һѽСּȻһֱڲСּϵֽ
ֽӦǸողдģּǳʲݣ¿ĵһ仰üͷ
дǡ¥ˡ
ʲôˣ̽ͷȥպӿǵСͨһ̽ͷ͸պøͨϵ˸ۡ
׹Ϥպø˸棬ѻ¶һ㶡
˻ĻͦģȻЩط̫ԣҲû˵һ۾ϳˡ
ɨ㣬ȥһͨдʲôҲû̫ϸдֻд¥¥ԸȽϲ̣ƶˣϣע⡣
µüͷԽԽ
дĺĶ˲²͸ʲô˼Ҳ벻׹ʲô
ǱߵϸϢڻûҲûãƤԲķֻ֪ͨһˡ
ʲô϶ҲҪʱȥԻʱֻš
ʵ˵ڻ¿һӦҲ׹ۣСͨԵЩߡ
ǻ˵ˡһ¥¥ҲҵԼĴͨǡ
¥ʲôطɱӪ
ɱȻҪԼñ֪Լǵһλġ
ϱӵñ֪ԼҲѾǺܾ֮ˡ
˵״б֪֪ûʲôϵ˼ҿ·֪˭ˡվôһ¡
°˼⣬ܾ˲׹۵ôô׾ܱ˸أ
Լһ룬ٸм˿׹۵
Ҳȥ¡
ǻǴμٰ׹۸򱬵ǻأһλӵĵƽɱɷӡ

֮վԭس˼˰졣
ǸɶĳڸĪĵطȶ
ȲֻˣҪ¥﾿ʲô¡
ضûϣſ˰СʱֱһֻСƼɽʱһվֻϵֽúÿ˿
д¥һδϴ
һϾ˲ˣʬѳСɽ
ϢյϢ죬ҲԲġ
˵¥ͻȻһδϴ޷ҲñЩ裬ǵ֪¥ܳʲô粻֪£ЩȨ䶯
ŽͨҲΪǵ¥Ȩ䶯ܻ꼰㡣
ڻ˵ⲻֻһ꼰飬һǳΣյźš
Ϊ֮⣬ûһ֪ʲô
ɽ˾֪ħͷǰã¥ҲһĴϴ
ǴҲϰˣ൱ڰ¥ͷβһ顣ڵʱΪϵˣ֮¥ͼûķˡ
Ҳ֪ǲΪµԭڳΪħͷĵ·͸һ˳
ʱŷոս¥λõʱ
ôʱ䣬¶Ϊ¥ٷˣ˭֪ȻôĪķˡ
ǴԽĻ£޷ҲֻֻʷչӺһЩǷڣ¾ȫôˡ
Ȳ˵ģ˵¥õϢȫ£ʱɱЩĶͽϢԻи²⡪νϴʵɱĴ󲿷ֶͽһЩ֪ࡱˡ
һ»һֱиر𲻿׵Ĳ롣
ܻɱǡȺ֪ˡʼֵźš
ˡ
ºȻΡ
ûбϴ
ʱ˿̣˽ֵճͨ⣬ƺҲκһ˿ŵϢüǵЦ
һпôƽƽֻһ֮⡣
ڣֻл²һ˿Σ˿Σȴ񴰻ϵѩһݼš
Ҫǰ׼
Ϊ͸÷ӦȣͺԲһ
һպ¥ʲô¶ûУԻڻ©˵ǺӰ컨ڻ󰡡
ʱ̫ãͺ׻ĺΪҲҲÿζ͸ô¡
һβ׼ǽŽɣûֻż״̬öѣ
ڶΣβ׼ǾͻˣʱǶôߴϵ裬
ǲʲôĻĪĵٹ󣬽ٳһеجΡ׹ۡ
»еθеģè壬кܴè壬һӵ·һΣʹǷڱ˵ϣҲԸ⿴ġ
˼ȥСƼʮִ󵨵Ļһ仰
û˶׼Ҫһˡ
СƼŷ֮󣬻³˿ԼĪĽǿһЩ
ֽԴһЩԼʲôĶв˵ѹֻһЩεĶ
ֻ˵ÿ˶ڶģѹһȥģ˿Щͽÿһܺ绽꣬ʵ϶ͽԼȴ֪΢̤һٲ
أȻƺһں
һɻİѴƿȻͿڴﵹŵˡ

㣬ΪʲôҪӴң¶ʡ
ΪȽиоص˵ҹд׼𣿡
ҹдֵʱȻЦԷǵĸоתϾĿҪȥ塯𣿡
ûһ˷ܵ˵߰ɣ滹кܶڵأ
¸ղŸıۺͼƲߣͻȻ˸㣬һƬܺһȫûˡ
ʵ˵ʵ˵ڻ˵ֻǹҼҶѡ
ûŵڲԸǸġ
Ҳã¥ҲãƽʱҲáǼܻûȥġ
Ϊ˼Ҳɵ˭ð鶪˷ѣܱϷŪ
¿˿㣬ȴȻЦá
վ߳˰ٲá
˵Ǳи˳ɷģȱ۸աߵ˵ҹд£һҪܰ
˵⻰ʱ۾Ź⣬µ֮ȫ˷ܣһ˿ײСԺ
ԺβסģܹóΪҹдܸЦŶرĸˡ
һСȱ
³Ĭ˺ܳʱ䣬ʱ䳤㶼Щֵʱ̧ͷ
ҲǸصء
̧üۣ˵ܼʱ֣̫ˡ



¥˼ʮ˵, ĵطڰĹ, ֻлһϵеĴ
ЩȴϢģȷʵڽţϵ֬۵ͻȻ˺ܶ, һЩطϰҲͻȻ任ˡ
Щڽո¶ͷǵҲͻȻƵʣǱ׼ʲô
ͷβ˱ս״̬, һ, еط뻮һ
ʵһǳټĳ, Ϊ˶ܺޱȥһ˵ģˡ
Ҳ֪ԼյѪ˺ܴѹǻ֪Żôģֻ֪αʲô, ȻЩԲǡ
ӦǺһԭӶɡΪ뵱ҲѪ󣬵Ҳûʲô³
֮¥ͣ˺ܳʱ䣬ʱǳһ, һѾź˵ĴŴȻ俨ˣֻһֲͿĸо
쵽, ٲǰǿϽ˻
ҹдѾ𽥳Ϊ˰ٲԼܱ߸帽һΪǱس, Ϊ, ϰ¡
ŻȥСһʼ»ž޲ְֱٲõ֮, ԶԷʵصȻѰѶԷͽš
ܵ˵ȻɵĶּëƤС£𽥵Ҳɳ˵θУ׳ͷ
²˲Լг̣ԼڸߴϺʹ֮Һǳ֣ҲҺЩֻһܿü
һϣճţ׼ȥ壬˳ͺȻЩ
һ˺ߺĴӺԺ˹ҩ淭Ҳ֪ڷЩʲô
ºѧϹҩԼԻˣһ䣬Ĳ
ۡü˵Ҿ˵ߵˮã׻ӡ
ЩֳƲ˵ļӸ̫ǿˣͷȲˮòãտ˶ȡ
ҾҵôҼǱˮˡһҩ
ˣүͣ㣬ǼҵСѾˡһ˵һ߳š
˵סͬһ£ЩţҵС˳걼ҺͰٲ֮䣬ŸָĶ
˵ΪЩڻҲܲ䵽㣬Ҳ²ʲô
Ǹ̵ˣұ˸ʲôڼּҡ

Ͻֵʱ򣬻·ҹд͵Цһ¡
ҹдڵػǷǳء
ҹдٸҲǲܾôŲܵģΪϾҲǸˣΣԱȽǿ
ܼ˶֪Ǹ˾ǻ£ǻװģ֪ͨҹдټʱϱš
ϰնԴ˵ѡǡָ·
ʱ³ȥҹһȦõ̲˼
·ǼҹдˣȻֶҲһҹдĹ£Ǹ˶ֳϢĹýζһ㶼塣
һɫƲͷϰǰڵǸȱ˰ߵ⣬ͼһϢˡ
߹ȥʱʵѾע⵽ȴû˵ȵߵʱǰͷɳһССĺɫСӣ˻µ
λүҵĶĪķɵˣԵȻ鷳Ϳڷ԰ɡؤһ˵һ߶Ի¾롣
һųӣһ˵ûС
ˣҰ׷˼ˡ·˵žڻǰһɵ˵
ӾµϴүһȴĪ
Ҳʣôģ
ʵҲͦ׵ġ·ҸǴûһرƵˣǾһ·ָˡ
ЦеĿ··ȻûǮǾͰҸСæɡ
˵ɡµ
Ҳһˡ
˭


Ȼᡭ˭
һȵĳ·˹ȥ
·ǳ˵꣬±
֮ûˣʹУҲͦԶģǶҲûôá
ⶼص㡣
ΪʲôҪ벻£;ȵʵ
ڵʵʮֵ֣˵ͬµ鱨һ߾裬һŬΪʲôͬ¸Ȥ
Ǹǽ
ĸоʮ΢ˡ
·ߴ˴գȻһֹʣ㡭ôͻȻȤ˵ģҼǵ֮Ҳûʲôɡ
ⲹһ䣬ǽļҹ֮һˣΪ˺ãҲڣô뵽Ҫȥأ
ΪҾ˹ֵֹģûָо𣿡·ҲյµĶ˵Ȼ˱Ͽȱܾè塣
ϾԲʲôΪ֪ܡ
仰·񶼲һˡ
û뵽СӾȻǸԤԼҡ
·л°£Ȼ˵᲻岻ģԼ֪鼸̶
ǰһطиͷСˣʶ·ǳҪпܻڳЩʲô
ǽŵλʱ˰ʢүҲ̫С˰ɣֹ
תͷ뵽һ¡е㲻ԡ
Ǹʢүһ汻ֵĻ·СģӦܲǵĳ͢˵ʱ˵ĸ档
˵ڵ겻֪ʱһְĻbossĸо
԰˳ɺͽǸŵˡ
Ӧǡ
˸ᣬ¥飬йȥæ
кܶжǶһ˵ģҲ֪һӾϱӽ顪ȥ˽ȻΪˡѡ
Ӫ£ʱɽһ˰쵽ģº뽭ҲӦǿǹ⻷¸ںȴһ¡
ԭ¥Ҳʼж龿صʲô̶ˣ
˵ֻҪ𰡡תͷĶ·˵·𡭡ҸմӽǱ߹⼸Ҿׯģϣۿм·
û˵ʲô£ʹһû˵ˡ
Ȼᣬϣ·Ǳߺһ
Щ죬һ䣬˭
һСؤ·
ϣؤȻؤˡЦ˵·ûո˵̫ϸˣʱԼȥۿɣ֪˵ʲô
һ˵һ߳Ǳ˹ȥԶԶĿеվ·ϧ˭
ϾȻд¡ʲô£Ϊʲôʲô֪ĪľЩֵֹġ
˵ԴѲӦвɡʵǣʹⱲӣʱʲôҲȫ㲻

ɱ

ȥҲ, ʰʰܳˡǰǴ˸к, ʲô鷢ҲҪϹߡ
˵ƽ˾ģܳʲô£߰ɡ
ֹ˸ſڴ, Լ˳Ǳ߸˹ȥ
ԴϴδӽǱ߻󣬻¾ͼûٹĹǱߵ, ǱʶýߵòŲ, ϾȻԻ·, »Ǻܿ׵ġ
ȵ˳֮, žһ¡
լӸһʱ򼸺Ǳһģ
˵լӲ, Ϊһҹ, ½Լ, Ҳ̫, ΪܵЦ
ڽլӴﵽⶼԵòһˣ˳ĵһ룬͸оլڲһֺ΢ķΧ
ϴլӵһЩûʰ̫, һҵĸоȫʰɾˣʹǽӴ˵ĵطȥʱ򰲰, ҵ
»ԼרΧԽ˵⵽׳ʲô, ʵЩ졭
ҪȥҽὭҲ֮ǰɵľȥӴˣñ˿ġ
ڲֱȽʵĸоһܴ͵ĽۻᣬСӹҼҵ飬Ҳ֪֮ǰִ
۸Լͬһŵ⼸ӣϴʱǱ߻ǿյģӦöѾסˡ
¹ȥš
˭˰ƿһۣ¿ʱһ˵Ȼ
һ˯ģͷģŵ»˸ЬȻڻҪӡۿ˻һ˵ϣǸİ
µҲ£֮ǰһֱסڸڣȳȥˣŻ
ŻǸͷ˵ʲô𣿡
ûУݷһ㣬˳㻥ʶһ£иӦʲôġµ
ǸµĿ˻һ۵ȻʮֹЦһ
ӦˡǸҸ棬⼸Ͼ˯ϰ㡣
˵һĹˡ
ָڿУ˵һ仰ĻᶼûС
ûбҪôϣӡ
˵ôˤţ¿ĬĬдСˣǰ˵ǲڣΪ֪⸱С
òҼھӡ˰죬׳ʲô¡
ÿ϶Īʧ٣ĪĴ˺Щš
˭Щ˵ȥģû˵ﻰֽ˶Ҿۼһĵطƽ˾ǲܵġ
˭˭˳ˣ˭˭оɳˣ˭г𱨳ԩԩأһһָûġ
һΣʧٵЩ˵ȷûһ˿ͻȻͱץһֹ˵ҲǹΪһ
Ϊ֪˭˵ĽլĽ̫ˣ涼֪նɱ˶ˣЩԩۼһ𣬼ˡ
¶۵ǳл̬ȣϾĳʶԣⶫһӦǻߵģΪ±ɷ˵
ǴӹЩĶǱȽΨĵġɶϲɶǿԸʱص任ģһ˵ǹˣˣ
ȻЩҪû˵ǾȫǳĽǵģԾҲ١
Դ󲿷ֻǵȺǶ£תȥűĹˡ
һںܹıۣǻ¶ڱ˷͵ġ
٩ɽͶʵʵʮӣһ˵Ϣ
˵ħ̵˻ˣЩʧٵ˾ħ̵Щɱġ
ʱǾôֵģȻ滭һתĵ˵֪Ǹħ˭𣿾ǰЩӴǸڶҵˡ

£
˵ΪʲôôĵȻģ¾ЩãȻ֪Ⱥ˵ڸʲô
ʲôʱķܹ֡Щ˸
ħ̵Щħͷ˼ôµ׼Ը͸¡һص˵˵˿Ǹħͷˡ

˵Ǹħͷķǳ£ǶһԸرĲбвˣҪѸɱˡ
ڷĬĬĿǸ˵ˣ˵ҪɱĻһɱ㡣
ôһˣԱߵʣǰʱ䲻˵ǸǼٵ𣿡
ǧȷ⻹м٣Ǹĵ˵ֵܸŵʶǸҵģ˵ץ˶ץˣǸ˽ƻԣرץסҼµ˵ˡ
˻
¥ֱӡ
˵ôϢŹųİɣαأ
Ƕ֪Ǹ˰µһʹļ׵˵ǶӰɣ˭ʰˣҷǼҾܣǾ˵ȺӼǸ֮󶼱ŵɪɪҴһ
ȷʵǸˡ
ôʹˣ²¥ϽҸͶ𣬺˵˵ûǰڵúȥòã
ĵĻƤأҲ̲ˣϴ󵶾ͳŽɱ˹ȥԷڸʲôûпǡ
ƻͨ½ȥʱֱӷǰνʱĲһһؾӭһѽн˭
ҡµ
ѽһû·ʲô˲ӱתΪģѽһߣֻشȥˡ
¿۽Ķϵģʱ䣬ȻڿһЩģЩĶɢ棬Żͦƴġ
ôһ΢˵ӡͿʼʽжôϾ
Ǹ˵ϢǷųȥ𣿡ʡ
ǣԲǡ͵ҡͷһڲ˭ųȥأҪǷųȥģڴϵĿЩ𡣡
һ˵һ߸˻һ½ӹһһβμ
𣿡
ûҡҡͷ̫ˣؼЩʧٵǶûģôץ
˹ˡ¿Ž룬լ϶вŵˣֹǽһΪ㱩¶ݣԲ׶ǽЩ˾ȻûץסϢԴɼǸ˵ȷǷǳˡ
Ȼһ˴ȥҥȴš桱ģ˵ġȻ治ǡӼҴӸ̫ŨԼ˵Լݸ޹ϵ
ԲʵµĸоڹĨڻһ
˭Ŀʲô
ɱʽۡ
ҹլڼžһЩ˳ʼԼĶ


Ĩ

׼ӽ뿪ʱ, ȻҲζЦһ
Цоëëģ֮ǰǸˤϵġھӡЦĶһ
ΪʲôͻȻЦʡ
㿴˵žʹһݸ˻¡
´, һۡ
ʮһգУʧڶݵ䡣
ʮգ, , ʧڻ԰
ʮա
ʧٵĶǶʮҵˡŻµ
Щʧٵ˹ͬصǳ㣬Ƣܺ, ƽûʲôϵˣϲЦ
ִ, Լ˵ġ
ҲΪʲôղǸΪοЦ˹졣
ôң˵ġ˵
˿Ӧֵͦ, ҪȤĻȥתһת, ˵ܱδء
Ǿվڽſ, ղżǱϳȥˣûֱִӵ㹳, ǸǱڵ˸
ȷʵֵͦģΪʲôǸֻץʮأһһǰߡ
ߵԼʱǰȥһӰ, ѴóҺʶԼӦǰ֡
ǱܹȥǸЩðʧܵ᲻СİԼڵϣԶԶľǸһһߺȵңҺ£
㻹ҹ¸㲻Ի·ûȥܶԷֱӻԼӣ֮ǰȻ˵Ǹ˵Ĵ˸С죬ȵݵʱǵȻǡһֺˡ
¿ǵС죬תͷ
ڸղŽ˵飬ʵ˵Ҳ˵СҲСС˵ֻǱ˶һѡ
ǻԴϱĸָŹֵѾˣҲһ
˵ҲһˣϱôһеĴħġ
״˵ȷʵҲǸ϶ܲбˣڱ˵Ͼ״ǰӻʹʱһһΪ¥Ӳİ¥һ鱨Ĵڱ˵һɣôҲܱ֮Ϊ۵ġ
˵״Ӳʹ֮󣬾һһֻ¥ڲˡ洫ĺ춼Ҫȥɱٻ˯Ƶġ
һûʲôϵˣڶһδʶôޡ
Ϥò²ۡľоԽԽϤˣϱ˽֪ǸĴڣ˴ӸϾˡ
룬ƵˣȻԼҪggǲǻôһ΢һĶָһЦһһ۵ھȻеץҡ
ţȻһ˻Ͼggˣ״ǾԲ˻ϵġ
֮ⲨͷĲףû·ǳ֪˭취
ͷԴǲǸϱӺ״еͬһǵĿĵʲôµǶͦȤġ
ʵȤǴϢЩ֪֪Ǹʲôˡ
˵ϣǸرб˾û±øһЩĻǻֻ˵ˡ
Żµͷ£ž򻨺Ȼըһ£Ĺ߻谵һ롣
ȵƹ»ָ֮Ѿһˡ
Ǹһ£ڵϣԿͷβû̧ͷǰĻһۣǲ̧ͷһ
һϵıȴǱһһӸոնǸ˾͹ǰĵϡ
öû˵һֱطһոոľڣãźȻ˿ڡ
ǵô𣿡
⻰ᣬƺ
ɤ谵ĵƹºҲôᣬȴĪĴһ˿ɳƵĸо
˿ɳƾһ̣תһȦȻʧĽ
ǸĻԥ˵ûУ
ӦǸܲԴǵˣ˵һʱͿˣ¿˵һʱ򿨿ǾͺȻЦˡ
һЦһ˵ôҸʲôֲ㡣
سײ˵ˡ
˰죬˵һ仰Ҵû¡
ϵҲû¡
°žڵĶֿͣһ۹ڵµˣ˵ͷ̧ҿ
̧ͷ¿˰죬ȻϵãҲмϤС
ϵе̫٣ǼǰӦҲ֮ǰġ
ֻԻµӡȴǵ֡
ǶһһзǰɪɪĶôܲأ¾˺ܾãȻЦһ
˵Ҳû˽ķӳԹԵĿ˿档
Ƕ˵ǶôһҲδɵġֻ˵ôãûӡ
˵⻰ʱĵƾͺȻϨˡ
ϿǸǳҹƺ˶˯еӡ
ոմӻǰܹǸڻ԰м䡣
һɪɪһһСʣУ𣿡
ССС𣡡
ӻ԰ߵұߣȻתŷ͵͵ŵļҡҡͷ
Ǽ˺ɸֵ˵ǰ
ŶΡΡתȥſĿǻһһߺ̫͸ֻ챻Сèһ
һ˫ܴܴ۾ķǳ㣬ССľѣЦĻӦûԲԲİȥ
Աִһᣬ̲סݶϵС˵Ҫǻȥɣĺܺ¡
Сʧˣô̴ܲӵ۵˵ֿǻ˵ҰҪ
תͷҪǰߣȻоԼİӶָоǳ֣ͬʱܵһǿҵ⡣
ôͻȻ۾
ȥǰһ룬ƺǰƮһɫӰ뺰ȴ
ȻᣬСأղſڷϵ˺Ȼоһ˿УܿƵĴ˸С
ȵǻعʱ򣬺ȻͷտҲ
ףСأֵʡ
֪ߵĿ죬ȥǱˣԱߵ˲ȷ˵
ȥǱ߿
һ˳Ż԰һ߹ȥһ㣬ȥһҲ֪ȥСΡ
ȻûзСΣȴ˼֮󣬺ȻǰĵһƬˮ
ˮ¹ҫǰɫģ·ǻ˵ϣһδɺԣܹ¹¿ӡ
˵ĺʶͣһ£ǳҺĵطȥֻʢһ޵Ļ
һĻ
һһɴȹصһ¹ҫ£ɽ黨һ
ȹģһƯˡ
üĿǻȥģԺ˵һ۷ֲԱͳļ㣬ڵҹɫʵɴȹ£ǴĪ档
˾һִֻİһ԰׵ֻ촽ͿѪɫʡ
ڵβһѪӡ
ķһֻ¶ˮİٺϻ

Ůһȥ

, һĲҽл, Ȼ˷Բʮڵˡ
һȺ˴˯֮оѣǱ߿˹ȥ, һƬҹɫ֮, ֻܿļ¹⡣
ҲԼһУ̧۾, ˴Ӻһ˳ĴߣСĶ˵иˡ
ţµ۾һӾˡ

ڶ峿˶Ѿ֪˸˵¡
һţֽܲŵ
ǸʼʧٵǸ, ҲǴŰǰʧٵǸһˡ
˶۷׷, ҲʲôͨͨĽ, ǳһ㲻Сɵġ
ڽֱߵ, 洦ɼһ룬ϴȦ, ⼸챻һɤӺҲû˯µġ
¾Ҳһû˯״̬ãǰҹϰˡ
һ, ̲˰, ׼, ֻϿһ޵ʬ壬ûʲôθڣֻܶ﷢
Ŵ, ھӾʹ߳ˡλһͷѵĴ翴Żµϳʲôˣ
¸˵ôѵ𣬾ͺȻǰλڰҹ𴲵ˡ
˵һˣʮǰʧٵĳؿ˷ڻ԰Ǳߡ
ʱʲô𣿡ϸ˼롣
˵ʲô֣Сĵʣϳʬߣʲôŵζɫʲô𣿡
ԣû뵽㻹ͦϵ𡣡Ǹ˵ȻˣǾʹͷβ˵һɡ
Щʵ϶ȥˣҹ￴һޣ㲡
ԣǸĺԩ
˵²Ӧø߱˵ģʬҲֻǽ˼ˣǰ˻µǾøһЩҲû⡣
ϾҲҽӦ΢һæ
ʵϵǸǷǳģĲһصڣԼͷѪһء
ӦڳѪ࣬ΨһЩɵһ˱ôһô˵Ҳе˼ûУǳƽױ֮˯һ
ϰæȥʬʱһһɱǸı̬
Ҫһ㣬ʵǾԲᱻ֪ģҲֻǻʬ֮С
һ㣬ȻҲҪǰҽ֪
ǸȥϴȹӣԴڻһҵ档
Ǽӻ·ǳϲЩܼҲϲڴҵĺ£Ӿͱ¢ˡ
·飬ĸ̣ĸ֯ģʲôʱĶܲһ
һ˵ûĸ˻ͻȻɱһˣȻһŮ˵·ģ˵רŸһŮ˵ģ
ױǸַܺã֪ɱǸ˻ģר˻ġ
ֻ˵ͻĿ۹һʺӣȻǳ׼ľͷˣܻǲǸרΪʺӡ
·磬̹׵˵ȷʵû¶ЩǲǻµĸҪƨĵˡ
ˣôҲǸûʲôϵӡ
ǰǻǸ÷ǳصеġ
ʵΪһֱŮһǸ˵Ļ¿˵һѾ˵ģǿдӸСŪ˸ӣʹӾ˵ĺƯҲе㷴θ
ŵЩѾȥǼ·Դˣ¹ƵǼӡ
ѾǱߵȫ䱸ˣʲôȫʵش𣬲Ǿ·ĵ˭
ҪڻȺǰ׻ˡ
ûħͷչ¡
ڿⱳ˺Ӷû˼·һ·ߵڵӡ
ֻɳмƣԻ棬ɳˡһ¶֪ôݵļƻ
ܱǸ˰룬Ǹص⡣
Ȼ˵ɱ˸˶Ի˵⣬ԻԼ˵ȴҪ
һ飬ǰѾǸнΧӣǻⱲӲǰ׻ˡ
ھҵһˣǸͷ˻µĻ˵Ǹ˻ûãʣµЩӦҲǻŵİɣ
ԡ
Ҳ֪һ㣬ȥЩˣڻŵĻӦúܴġ
ΪҪ˱һʻ̬ôʱͿ϶̫
ʱԾľͽһº͵ЦҲˣĳһ˿εѹ
һֱǸɤ֮󣬻²źȻع
ǰˣæǸȴҽ˫ر˵»Ǹ֡
æ֣ûȷأԷ˵Ǹ¾ͺðˡҿ¶Ҳͦĵӣȥ鵽ô£˵ܾȳһˡ
ûУûУ治ǣˡ·ҡͷ
ͷ˶ϲ˵ʵңҾϲ˵ʵҽҲ˵ʲôתͽݡ
һأ¾Ϳʼͷ亹˵ˣȻһС¶ڻǰ˴סˡ
Ҫ˵֪ԺﲻãʵҲûʲô˱ȽУʱϲ֡
ϻ¸ʬʱյϢ˵ǰ϶֪ˡ
˵δҲ̫˰ɣҡ⴫и벻ס
ʬٿ
ʲôû˵ô洫Ի˵ǡһʬ͵͵Ϣأ
ˣӦǱˡ˵ûʲôżӣһֱЦǺǵģЦҲ̬ͦվԱе㷢ë
Ż¸ʬ˵аȻҸ㵽ˡ
Ǹǲûʲô̽ʡ
ûʲôõģ˻æġ
ţ˭¾̧ͷʡ
ͲùˡĲˣһиģΪǱǵͷϻܿϷˡ
ĬĬĿŽԽԽȫ벻
˭
ϣٲøһС·ųžͣ˶֧Աߵ˵ʲô
һˣ·üͷ
ǲǰʧٵǸ
ǸɰĳԷӶûͣ£ȻҲûĻ
·һۣÿӴ֣ٳԵ㣬㲻ôԵôġ
û취ⲻû𡣡˵
ʮǰ͸˵ҪˣǰײĶˣǰһȥ˴ɽǰȥġⶼʮȥˡ
·´һ˵ôģ
˵ãȥ¥Ǵ㣬УΪʲôţҲһ
˳ŷϾ֮ǰд¥ɱֶû̫ģȻΪΪʲô¥ɱǶôصģ
˰·̾˶òģڿҪҰ׳԰׺Ⱥܾˡ
ôǰ׳԰׺أ˵ҿǰ㲻æ
˵һ룬ͻȻԱߵ˵һ仰һ£ͣס˻ͷ
˵ûǸеĳͦģʱϻһŮ˵ѣ˵ͦÿġ
žü
·״ʣôˣ

Ѱ

ûʲô
۳Ĭ˺óʱ˵
·ҲΧ˵̸, ˰Ҳûʲô, ֻʣ˵Ǹˣ
˰죬˵ҲȷǲǸˡ
ܵİɣôܻᡭ·˵һֺȻͣסˣΪȻ뵽, Ǹ˺пܾ硣
ˡȷʵĳһЩ, ĵԼϲŮװ, ϲɱ, ٸŮװûʲôϵ
ɡ
·˵˵Լȷˣȴ˵Ҳò̫ܡ
ţΪʲô·̧ͷʡ
ǸˡȷʵЩʱԸȽϹ졣۵Ҿ˲
ȷ
ȷҡҡͷ
·, ˵ôĸʲô

´źڶ, ߹СʧĵطĲԶ, һƬѾɺ˵ĺɫɨմѪĵŪɾ
Աڿ, ɤ, ȱ, ʧ𣿡
ǣһ˵СȥԿܲܰǸ˸, ȻоرѹʱСξʧˡ
¶Ŀ˿棬Աߵ˶֪ڿЩʲôֱֻ㶵վһԡ
Һˡãվ˵һ䡣
ԱߵЩɵ㶵վţҲҿһ䡰㵽ʲôˡĻ
һԲľ뿪
ʣµȻҲ˵ʲôֻиղŸ˵Ǹʣŵģ
֪оӦЩˣӦе㱾°ɡǸ˸ݻ¸ĸо˵
϶֮󡰿ȥӦúܴ󡱣е㱾¡Ļ´Ǳ߻֮󣬾Ϳ˿Ǳ߸Ϣ
ûκ⣬ŵ˽컹ȥȹӵǼҵˡ
ΨһϵǣǱ߼ȵϣϵŵЩ˶ЩĪġ
ڻµһº󣬵곤ҹͷǼȹӵĳ˺üܣɸѡ
ŵ˹ȥ֮󣬾ܵǰδеĺôе¡
˵һȥ˼ҶǱҲϾǵǣһֻ˵һ仰Ȼʮ֮󣬾͸ɴ˱ľٶʵ̫ˡ
ŵڽõĲ裬õĸ㣬һȺƯŮİΧ¿˱˰죬;ֱ紷ȣȫã֮С
УȺΪʲôôϤӣܸоĹͷˡ
ȿȡ˺ܳʱ֮ŵ˲ò˵ȹӿûʲô⣬ʲôȫﲻ̾Ȼڰʱ֮ڸ˵ʱ·Ǹ
ҾӦûʲô⡭ãŵЩɻ˵ʣû˵Ǿ仰ǡǵ̬ȿܸҸеԻ󡱡
⻰ûڣͿλͷ붼Ѿ˵ƹҡҡͷ⣬طҪٻģмֵĻûйأҪٵȵȣϾˡ

㣬ɣŪ֮ٽžˡһֵĵ˳
֮ǱǾûʲôģһ¾õȻõ֤ݽȥ֮󣬹ٸʱӦҲٹˡ
Ǹ˴Ӧǻ²׵ذѵ̵ϽٸӲħ̴Уǻ׸ٸ
˵Ϊʲô֪ôģⶼ¥ۿġ
¥¾ϰԵĸٸƤϾ⡭
ȫû߾Ǹʲô̬˱綼ûüˣһĹԱȻܾϹٸ
˵Ǳˣˣܰѹײĸ
ĵ̫̿һʱԱ벻Ǽ·˭ģȷʵ˵˼Ŷҵˣò
ǶҵʽһɫĶǺڶҡ
鵽⣬¾ȷЩһǳˡ
˵һһ飬Ȼ˺ܶαװΪ¿һģͼʲôأ°˼ʽ
ҲæȻװʲôûӣҪģʵϱѾæˡ
µ֮󣬻˵˵ԸһȻôԸȥôбĶദԸһȻرбһԲϾͳֵĶദأ
ŶҪ䰡»Ȼ򣬵סǡ𣿡
Ǹ˱ȽϤ˵ȷʵûʲôá̫ϤֻҪǶ˽ˣš
˵㲻ܰһˣҪһȥ
ҡҡͷ
Ϊ˾вˣԲŻ顣Żµһ˼ҪΪһȺ쵼ʱǾòһǵ쵼ߡ
ȻûʲôãʵϣúܶǵԶġ
ȫǷӺСˣûУǻһرµľ󣿡
ȻҪĻһ㡭һЩСһ˵ⱲӶõϡ
Ǿǣһǣҿûκŵˣûа취µȥͶģˣԶΪ
Ȼᡣ⻰Щ̫ζЩ˵Ҿһ˵ûʲô˼ô⻰ר˵ʲôһ
𣿡ɻ죬ֿ˿¡
ãŰһ֮ǿ˰ɡ
»߳˽ӣ˽һ仰ʵڻ˵Ѿһʾˡ
ܻɽ˵ʵϱŶȡļƻϾƺǲμӹܶ˽жӡ
ⱲƻԲȸˣϾûκϢ¾Ӧĸ˵жϱӵײˡ
˵жǸ֮Žеģ
°˼⣬״еУⱲҲûʲôɥĲ鰡Ϊʲôǻˣ
״Ǳûʲô
Ȼ仰ʱҲĪ顣
˱ӵƲˮ֣¥¥ϼҶ˵Ļׯ
ȿȣⶼ⡣
»ȥ·ϣѾ˲̸ˣǲ۵ģܲסҾᡣ
˿һֱͣĶ֣ĻӣƿţϾͰڷһߡ
ߣԭȵŸĵģβĺ죬ȴ˼ɫ·ȥ
¿߰죬ȻĴ
˭ʡ
ҡ˵סǸи˵ĺð취벻

  

һǾðɡһ, һСĵͷ˵
㲻ú£һֱ, һˣҾ͸ϽȥץˡǸҽĵ˵

ʱ䣬ҹҡ
¿ִԲ, ȻԼǰһ¡
˵ǶɵӰ, һֻˣɵӲ, ͣܵĽŲȥһ
ȻɵӾͿֶµİ͵ı, ͵Լ˱
ڵĻºҽСʧٵǸطҲǼǰСѰҵǸʧ˵Сĵط
ںܻͿԴӱ˿ʧһСµϢ
ô£ʲôµ޵
ڷϿ, Ҫʲô˾ʹĺ㡣ҽǳ򶨵ĳŻº
ܾĪʶ
Ǵ
СΣСΣһתͷڻ԰ţһһĺš
ʵǼ֮Ѿ, һ˶, ºҽṦǸڵһͷˡ
ڵԭ򣬿ܱСʧٵϿҪӵɭһߺһڵϿš
ʱ, ʱ鿴һֳȻһҪ飬ǾǽСεṦرߡ
ʵ˵Ṧߵкܶ࣬Ǹߵһ̶ȵʣľûмˣ컨԰սˮȻ԰һۼûС
һٰӵǿɾԲô飬ʬʱ֪ǸԲᡣ
ƺ¹·ź죬ܻ֪ŲܲɾﻹĪİʾ
תתȥİԼαװһ޺С˧ӣΪĸԼ˵Σ͵͵ļһ㣬Ȼںһɵıӣ˿ԭº͵Ļָһ㡣
ʱ򿴼ҽ𾪵񣬲֪Լ¥ͳαװɰˣǶڻָʱͷΪˡ
±ʾǹŴҲȾҪȾԿǸͷɫ
ҽһ˻ǲһģһ󣬾װʲôûӡ
¹˴ŰСʱ𽥴ºͱü꣬϶˸֣дŴҰɡ
ʱ򣬻µĶȻ׽һ˿ǳСķһװʲôûСıߺߡ
ʮȻᵽһֵζζɱ˿ҲôŪȥˣǻºôҲڰٲûô꣬û͵ôҩģܸоèġ
¶ȽϸߣͲ̫ܱΣһ˲˻˯ӡȥ֮ǰ΢۾͵һݶſŵҽ
ҽȻҲɶûУŻء
һɣɴϵȥˤ˵һ˲о˽סⱾǼ£ȴĪһ
סˣǸӦòͬһˣΪ˵ṦһסṦҪһЩ
±۾˻ԵӣǸƺǰһ䣬ô컹ͶģȻͰ˼ϣܡ
±۾ҽƺǳ߹ˣҲ԰һ㣬˵ļͷ۾ҽüŪۣʾԶ㡣
ҽĻԶһЩôһÿǸȻṦզأоӦú񣬶ҲԼ˽ģҽȫ̶Ϊ;϶͵͵Щʲô
͵͵ֿһۿԼˣʵ˵о˵ļеˮ׼Һ״мġ
˻ĪЩҪȥһһǲǼǸˡ
û֣˴˲֪ãжô˵ҲӦˣֱӵһҴϡ
ᵽˮ֬۵ڴ룬ǾȻ˴
ֲҲˡ
ߵĺ߰㣬ССģûֱһֱǳãΪķԴؾػϣںǺиеġ
СźˮƮţ֪Ʈ˶ãҲûжԶԼʲôʱѻЩ׼
ϲֻһˣʱ͵ˡ
⣬ﻹһҲǸڴյһߣҲûѡ
ĺȳƣӦֻ˯ˡ
ǸԴŽ֮󣬾ȥ棬ͼһȾƣ졣
еû£¾ͰӣߵǸˡ
˵ͦÿģ۽ëرĳССĴһԽëһСӡ
˺һᣬǸ˺Ȼ۽ëĶ
¾ĬĬ˺һ㣬ĵ
ѹʱ˫۳ã¾ԱĿҪڵһ˲䣬һס졣
ءһ£ȻΧĻ¼Ӧʶʲô״ĬĬַſ졣
ۻ£Сʣģ
ҲǺ
һ˲װ˷ǳ޺ӣ֪ǣδСƨҲһӾͱ¸סˡ
ǳ˼˵û£ֻЩ
Ҫ¡ڻ谵ĴξеĵǶ棬ʱ
㣬ҲǸһץģǸЩİ͵ʡ
ǡµ϶𣬻˵ںȻںҽ֪ϴˣܲ׷
ʱ˳磬˳¾ƯȥԶƸ׷ˣѾǵˣո˵ȥʲôط¡
ô졭ǸһҪӵҾǰҹ˸һʲôûиʦ
ıԹڴϣ˿ĺȻüͷ¶һ˿ı飬ͷɥȻûзֻ˿΢ı仯
찡
ĿкȻ˺Сģȴ˸п
ˣɻ̧ͷʣôˣ
ʱո̫ں¶˳ճһֺɫɫĽ֮䣬Ĵִһ˿Щ΢Ĺ
¿˳ǰһҴ
峿ĹǴͰĸڽϣô
ǴϤϤɫϤĲãٻϤĲˡ
ôˣǸ͵͵תͷ¡
ûʲôҡҡͷ
˵֪ˡ
ػϣ껨Դĵط
ǰҴǵ껪䵽Ϻסʱõһ⴬ӹ˻䴬ʱ򣬱ˮ֣ˮֱٱźƲ
⴬û뵽гһջ¾ȻصҴϡ
ôǴ⣿
ڣ⴬ϵ˭أ

Ī˼ǧһС
ǳ˵л˲Żеģⲻոѡ
˵䣬ǰطȷʵһ㹻ܹĵط
´
ղŻʹȾƵ˽
ˣҲû˿ȵӡԤӦʱѡ
û˵Աߵֵʣ˭ʲô
Ǹ˿ǣЦʮֵ˵´˴ʲô֪ˡ

Ů װ  

ºǸһ쵽˴ϣ̤ϴһ, »ǻص˰ǰ
ĶϤĻ, Ϥļλذǰ, ΧĿϤһ
ûȥҲûзκεı仯
ºǸһ, Ǹһ·ϱĹȥ, Ϊһ·һֱǰ, ͵͵ˡ
¾ϵĶ࣬Ҳû˹ر𵭶ǰߣȫ̶һº
ƻ΢һҲøԱǸһȭͷǸ˶˰, Ҳûֻʲôļ󣬻ܸоЩź
һ·ϻ¼۾߹ȥ̤ʱĵĿ۵̺̺˰ԭȵǸ̺ͦϲ, Ūȥأ
˴ˣǸ˳溰һ

һĹ¥һ΢Щ͵Ůˡ
磬, һǸ, Ǹ࣬ױҲûжͷϻһ޴Ļ
һЦһߴ¥˵ϣִ˹ˣҲô硣
ⲻǸպþײ𡣡ǸһЦ, һֱӰֱӷŵߵߵϡ
ߵѾȫ±Ƶı飬ͣС۾ȥ£һãȻͻ̿֡
Сĳ˵ǸúӰֵطûġ
¾ڶˡ¶һЦʾҪ̫ġ
Դһֱã
ʱ˿̣ͬĻ»Ψһ
Ǹ˵껰ͳ˹ȿƺĶԷջһ
һƤȻȻȥԷĸ첲
ŵһ¡
ղŹ⿴ֻãͻȻһ֣㹻ŵ˳Զ
¾øԼһ𱻡ܡ⺢Ӻеë˼Ͷ£λҲ㣬֨վֱĶ˼ң۾ɵĸƵġ
ͦġļ
Ҳ̫ʵˣһӲĸʯͷһ
˵ŻָָԱߵĻµȲӿξ˿Ҳʵ
˵Ҳû󰡡
Ҫˣ˵Աʵ
ҿ⺢ôеɵأ
֮һѰı顣
ء
ž͸´Խһֵۣۣ۵ܡ
Աߵͷһǳµӣֵ°ֹԼЦ
𱿴Ǹֹ֮˿£һǿ˻µ֣Լְѻµָ̧˵ϣ⺢ӵֿɺÿ
¾վ
ְֳףϵʱһƵġ
ôҲ״ô󵶵֣˫ֻһҲͦġ
𱿴˰κ󣬴ЩĪĸп˵ҼĹˣû˫ôÿ֣ϸְףƵġ
˵ʱ򣬻ȫֻǵͷ𱿴˰ֺ˵ͷ̧ҿ
̧ͷЦŴ˰죬Ȼ˵ͷˣúӣҿˡ
˵ž֣¥ˣǰһ˶һƣ𱿴ʾ¡
Ǹѵı鿴𱣬µǺˬ죬һˡ
ιʲôⰡ͸ҺȣղŻѵȻתͷ˻¡
µĿȻ֪ǱƲʲôöɷŵó
ŵóô
ⲻȵĻҲưոݵģһǸҪٲȣƾͻǿˡ
ǿȣ¾ûԼҪ˵һ㡣
ѸײڶٶͻȻһƣȻǸŭʱ򣬶˵ŵǰһ͸˽ȥ
Ǹͱһ־ַŭı鱻¸ҩ𱿴µĶЦЦˣȻԼˣǾͲҶˡ
ӺŮˣѻǴȥȫ̶ǰģֻǸһ͵͵С
Ů˴Ǿ˳ĻȣǴ˻ϤĴ壬ƹǿٻĻɴ֮ǰؼ䣬ڲ֪ʲôĵط˹ȥ
Ǹʱ޿̲ڸСȻַ׽Ա߿Ŷ޲ְһѡ
˱ؽһӣûдߺܰʳͱһӦȫиӺʹ¹
ǴŮ˵úôţһϴ裬¹·ϣȻͳ
űһϣԱߵ񵯻һı˵ղŸҺʲôΪʲôҪҺǸ
㲻ȣһȵġµᣬ˵ʱȴƽȣֵطһ书ܸߵ򳡣ǿܻһͳ
Ǹ֮ҲЩץĸо
ƴԼͷȻڵ˵ô찡ʦڵңҲҵִ˵Ķ
ԭĵǶ
ߵ¹ǰƿ˹ţȻ˿ڷ·¶һ˿ֵı顣
·ʵûмǡȷʵŮ˵··ӺҲȷʵǻա
²ǵʲô徭ڻ·ˣ̹׵˵Щ·ͦϲģϾĲƷͦ
˵ЩֹµһҪʱ߽һһµĵ棬·ĳ̶ȡ
·ᱡӣ쿴ǸȥĴŻ·ĬĬĲʧٵǲһֱģȥ֮ǰʲô
Ǹƹ£¹ǰ¹·ٶ¶ɽһı顣
óеһ˵ֻܴȥˡ
Ϊʲôֻ˯֮ǰˮȶ˶ѣﲻ˰Ǹ˵
¿տʼԷʱ⿴ͦɰģȵ֮󣬾ʹϸܵһŨŨĴɳֱϢ
оֱֻҪģҺһ˻û취п硣
ҲûУӲȥǸ˵Ѵƿ¹֮ŷ֣ԼѾȫˣɴ۾ôˣ
ոպȵľǻɢµԺ֮ʧ
֪Ǹתͷʻ¡
ԣǰº͵ȰҪģȻǱǾ֤ǻҪǵһҪúõĻȥҪἤŭǵ¡
˵֮󣬶ǸŭҲȥ
룬Щ˼ͷԲ֪ΪҺãҲ㷢ġ
ûϵ˵
ɡǸһһҧҡ䵱ɵģɵ˺Ҳ˵ɣ죬֮ҵָˣҾ취ӳȥ

  

ֽ, ֽǻµıʼֻдһ仰
ȥЩˡ
ֽվ˰, ̧ͷ˿, , Ӧáʲô°ɣ
ֽ, Ȼѳ˻ȥ, ¿϶ûʲôǡе㵣ġ

ڸʲô
ЩĿǸʡ
ͷǵŷŲԻµ, ǰҹ洵̵ʱ̾ͽˡ
¿Ķͦģģ֮ǰѧ, ͶĿš
ֵطһ㶼ȫ, Ҳ֪ǰҹʲôǸһ˵һҧгݵ
Ҳûʲô취ȥϵЩˣɵ˱Ƚ϶, Կ϶ϵġ
˵ͣһ, Ȼһ䣬ǲ֪ǻ᲻
¾һ߿ţ˰֮󣬺Ȼڿһ, ֪ĺöࡣ
ǸƺȻʲôǳ˵Ļ͵תͷ˻£һľ, ƺµĻ˼ĳ
¿ɫú˼һᣬǸƺ¡
͵ذϵı˻ȥȻװ⵭˵ʵʵҲûʲôʦ̸ҵġ
Ǹ֮󻹿˿£һȥ˯ɣ￴һᡣ
¿ֵǸλСӣ˵ɵСȻ˿ͦģĻͦõģԴ֮һֱڳű
ֽнۣʱ˿ĴʲôѾνˡ
Ϊڵֽ˫顣
ԣû˫顣
ǸղŽͷǸŮ˸߻ģ˵ǸղŵǸϰ֡
Ǹ˫飬±лգ˵رֶ֣رˣ˶ϲ
˫֣Ǳߵڵ·ָгЧ
Ч˴ĿֱȻµֻıĿֻҪࡣ
û¾Ͷװһ޺ĬĬĶһЩӦûʲôôǿרҵľٶʵڱ͵͵ԲĶ˳żԼȡ
Ӱ챻ץڣһӦùȥʮСʱĿǰǻֵʱ̡
Ǳ濴涼ʲôԴԺ˳˸͹һʳˮ֮⣬Ҳûиκˡ
ΪҲûУǶʱжҲǺȷ
µĶ仹ڴŰСʱǰѾ÷ǳһ̸ֽЦڶżüŮ
Ȼ۾£֪⴬ϵ˽϶ǲŹǵġ
ȻûʮӣȻһƿš
ſڻ˯˫ͬѧŵ˶ſзͰ͵˿·
ҺýǸͨСˣҲ˿·ǸʲôõģֵֻĿһۣ͵躰ǹȥ
Ǹʲô˫ͬѧգգ˯Ժ۾˵ķ˵أԱߣС˵֪ˣϾ͹ȥ
⻨˺ü֣ȥ˺ü˵ʼôͬģˮԱľӪ
ϾҵĿǰҲǱҵ²վ˻Ҳ˶ôġ
ӹǵССĲֿ߳ȥ֮С˿汻˵ƵĻ˶еɵ״̬ȫ⣬Ϊֵطϱӵġ
ͬһ
쿴ֻǸͨͨŵʫ黭Ĵֻ
ҹƻͨľͬɾһ㡣
Ҳûʲô·ֻ˳ĵط˹ȥȻͺȻ˳¥ݣߵĿǰģҲλá
ڣǻߵĵطÿһ䣬Ĵٹˡ
ԭڻµӡӦиϵģҲǵǸ۽кĹ˷˳ͻĵط
Ȼڣ϶õˡ
ϱõƬϿĿֻҪһ̤һ㣬ͼһ࣬һƬĹ㳡
⡰㳡мһܸߵ̨ӣվȥ֮󣬾ܹ˷㳡ϯλ˶ѾҪˡ
⴬ͣڽߣֻһĴֻͣ˴мʮബˡ
ôĴһƬվڸߴĵطһʮ𺳵
ܲ󴬣Ҳһ󣬲ǰ϶ܺ;ȡΪ϶ɱʿϡ򵽴
˫ͬѧѾɵˡ
Ȼڻµǰ棬ȴһɵ˵ᣬµԶĺ棬úõĿһǰط
ƺֽ̣ԡ
Ϥĳ
ֻôֻϤζ
µǱߵ衪ǰǼӷ˻֣ǽ˹ȥЦϣǿˣǾ͵ء
ǸЩ£һĻ£Ȼֱͦ˹ȥֱֱǰ
³û˿ΧһŻƷ·ˡ
ĿĺȷȻ淢һЩĿЩΥ͸еġ
ǰʱɢɢʧ˴ʮȻȥһϴԵһ΢ЩֵĿɾͲֹôʮ
ȻŮҲУǸЩֵһҲٵˡ
ĴϹ̬Ҳ࣬ǰڻʱҲȫû˵ɶʱչҵ
Ϊҵǲͨģ˵Ŵ˺ܱأһҵȻһЩʷϼأŴ˺Ҳͦġ
˰ԭ򶼲ǣֻǰûҵ
ҵãһЩµҵ񰡡
°ͣ΢Щ۵뵽
ЩˣͼмסǵģȻĸǴʧٵˣȴһѾЦ˹ȥ
µĿ˿£סЦţԱߵ˫ͬ־ҲúõĴһ
¿Цȴڻ䵱ϵʱųǸڵʱŻС㡣
裬߳ʲô𣿡𱿴˿֮˵
Աߵ˫ͬѧһ
ԿĳеյӦûıȽϺõ㣬¥ҲɶءȻ¥˵ҲȽϹͷ⣬ǰҵԱ.֪ļǮҪߡ
˵ҲиϢΪֱȽ϶أﲻӵģ棬Ҳ׳ơ۲ֶҲȽ϶ࡣ
ڼϵݺݺ࣬ڻһЩгĴֻ˵ڿĪĺг
ڴ󲿷˻ģģʲôҲǱ㣬¾ȻΧΧ﷢˼еŮԣеòЩΣܶʱ˹֡
Զ׼Ѿǳˣº˫ͬѧĳ
ʲôã˵ʱøɵʲôߵ顣ɶҲģֱӾȥСݳջˡ
Ҳᳪ裬Ҳ衭˫ǿңڤ˼밡ĸƵġ
֧֧˰죬Ȼ̧ͷһпԵĽ飬ٴ𣿡
ۡ˵꣬˾̲סЦ
⺢ִᣬȽʺȥѧת˻Īĸп
ǰһ˵һһ㡣
Ŷ۾ˣʲô
衣
谡۾ˣټ𣿡
¿˿̨浯õǸеģԼĬĬ˼뵶״˵ǷѶȵ⡣
̧ͷ˵֣С

ҲҪ

֪Ϊʲô, һ˹ĸ˵衣
һĹﴩװ߳ȹֳѳ, ǽһ...ӡ
˵ıÿеĵҲһѲеġ
ڻǿ϶ʵֵˣһ, ûеȵһѵһϸֳĻ
ӦǴ, ԶҲеӲ, Ҳһѵһ, ǰ뿪ϵ, ζ㡣
õһİɡ
Ż̨Ӧ֪ӲõģԶö仨û˿⡣
һ˸¾ȥˡĻ˵ѵɻ֮ͦѰ, Ͼ󲿷ֿĲǿֵ, ˼ҾΪǰѿеĵģһ仨ô¡
鲻˵ΪѾͲȥ, ܵһ취
ȥʱԱһ£ûһ⸽ʲôϳ
˵ڵĻѾԶˣٲҲ, »ǵСһ£ϾҲʱ䡣
˺Ȼ䲻ĿһİеģζȻĿ˹
ֻ˸֮ǰ˿Ҳûʲôͬͬ·ס˿
һȦʵ˵һĵ״ﻹв٣ϾרΪŮ׼ĵǺܶġ
״ѧȻ˵ĵŮ˵ĵᣬʵϵ״лרѧ
ΪŮ˵ĵͶȣ˵ĵ˵һֻĶߣڵ˷ɾ¸һ
Ի¾״еĵˣӦûͦƯġ
״Ҳû
ϡǵõ״лͦϲģɳ͵͵Ķһ輧Ա͵˼¡
˵ҲʷˣԻ´֣´̼Ĵ߳ŭ
״״ʹԼ͵͵ⱻ˻Ա
״зŷˣȻҲͶνˣǸʱ״кҲôŨȤƵġ
Ȼһ״к񲢲ﻪ¡
ǵûԼԿ֡
УУº˰춼ûлӦ
Ȼ̬ȻЩ΢ˡ
ܲ״Թ۵̬еãȻ
Ϊʵ˵״̬ܵĴ񲢲ࡣ
±ôçô״и׵ģͷһθܵ״Թ۵
Թۻ״ƽʱһ㷴ӦûУ˿ԼĴڸУҲ˿Լֵ̬
군¿ʼûʲôʡ̬ȵķʡԼ
ſ״Ҳǲеİ״пǡڲ˰
ţѾȥˣҲ̫á´ӻķ϶֮͵͵Ŀһ˫飬СĿǸûºϤ
ƽʱ״иʲôµʱõľ
Դʱ˿˫ͬ־еĻ£žǻе硭
״£ȻȻľЩˡ
״пֵƴһѡ

һֱ״֮䶼иǳ飬֮ǰĻ´û
ǾȽ⣬ڻµУ״Ǹǳÿˡ
ǰǰǻڵױݸȥٻ·״ڻµоŮ
仰˵ʱ˿磬ô¾;϶ˣȵòвеġɻԼ¾;𣬻վڸ±¿
Ŷûס
ָжǲͬģһر󿪴ϵĶʱô˦û¡̫ͬˣֶ΢̫Ǻױ˦ġ
ŻҲģԼûʲôֻһ֧򵥵һ
룬Լ̨£Լϲʲôأ
ΪûףԻΨһܹжϵҲֻԼôһ룬һ߿ʼ˶
Աߵٵʦֵһ֧裬ȽᣬżŻһһСϪżŻ᷺Ĳ
ڽءҲ˫ͬѧУǰ˿ȫ书Եֶ˵ҲЩѶȵġ
ʵҲͿʲôΪ书ãȻ䵱֪ĵط书Ĳá
žһȺѧ֮ΨһǸѧ
ҲͿ֣ʲô
ʵֹڳܿ廪ڸʲô˿ܶλûС
õһ׷ǳټĵ
׵֪״лĵᡱһ
⵶ӦôõģȻڻûее仨ȴҲࡣ
СûнӴ赸ֶҲԼŤŤ裬ֱˣ׵
Ҫ֪ҪƿʵҪǿһЩ
͵֫͵ͬҲ֫
һγÿһ鼡⣬ͻ弫޵
˶ʹʵһ׵Ϊ׵ʵ̫ˡ
ʹŵʱʵҲ̫׿һɱжôǿĵ
ΣԶĶ֮Уûܹ
ֻԼһǳƯ赸һſʱĻȻ㣬ûпήĻɢһء
ΪȫԼ˹ڵ˼άټϡȷȷʵʵһԭ򣬻µ赸ȷʵеЧЩ̫һ
ԭеġ赸Ӧᣬ峿ĳһ㡣
ԶܹߵĺĶʵһ˵ĸо
ᣬκһ輧һھչʾԼ
ȴ濴һЩֻԼܿĶ
̧Уص޵ɱ
Ķ̺Ǿ˵
ǵӰȷһÿһˡ
ΪҲȷչʾԼ֫
Χƻͨĵƹյĺһ磬ǸУһһģһֻǵӳ˵硣
µ۾ӳǰǣҲӳǸˮ硣
ܿеǸһֱһ֦棬ΪߺڵĹϵʼնһƬɫĿӰ
ɷϵǣ˵ġ赸ȷʵǷǳ
룬Ѿڳе˶סˡ
ҲԼ
źԼͺ񿴵һȫİˡ

ˡЩʲôء

֮꣬һһӽ۲Լ
һ͵ĽǶˣôֻһ֧衣
һ绨һˣǿܹ׾ٵĶ˵
ǡ֪Ǽ򵥵һ֧衣
źܶ¡
Щ²ܸ߱ˣֻԼһ
ʱ˿̣ڿźˮеġʱһֱ롭ԱЩ֪ʲô
ЩԱ߹ۿЩ˵ˡҲʶ

Ҳ氲ĿţΪ¿ֻõȥ˦ˣΪܾõûʲôÿģΪҲ˦
־ƾŻȥ˦Ҳ˻ƽкõģΪΪˡ
Ȼ̨ϵĻʱȴȻһĸоͷ
Ĳֻ֪֪ǰ˾ԲϹ˵ģԶ
һһĶ
һֹĽ׶ΣµĻ΢΢Ǻһӡ
Զˮе˶ӣšһ仨ջԼĻꡣ
ϵһ˲Ҳױ˺ɫġ
һڰԼ
лҪ˵о˵ζûgc˸xgc
ддӦζŨ㡣
ͷŶ=أ=



û, źϵҲ뿪ǸطǸҲ뿪˻µС
Ļص˵µ˫ߣﻹ֧˫㶵Ŀ˻Ȼر˷ܵĶԻ˵
˷Щ㵸˼, һֱûһĵµļʲôġ±Ϊ˵˷˻ӵʲôء
վһߣ»û˵ʲôʹŻ˵ĵطϾղŻ֮۾һֱ׷ŵҲ, ỹڲͣĻ󿴡
˵ƽʱҲûʲôô, ϾʵЩϲӡЦöԻ˵ǰѧá
С
°ѻݸ𱣬ǻҶӣʲôĶ, û⵽κεƻ¾øղŵıֺ, ûƾѾˡ
Χģ»ǺܰվһƬ֮Цø仨һ³ʱܶһµĿ϶͵͵˻, ˿
ղšΣհ

º˫黹סǸտʼסǸСֿһ㣬һС, ԶҲȲĲˮ
һҹ֮, ֮΢΢İ
˻µıַӣûбȥʲôpyףװ׵ĻСֿ, ˲١
ʵԭҪô󶥵˫ǲҪߵģҺûһ£ڻ¸ոյıȷʵ˵ʱ˫ͬѧڻܹסס
Ҳ΢˵Уź˫ͬѧȵĺССĺȻһûз
ûߵǰ棬ĬĬǽȥĴǽϵÿһ͹
һ͹ʱָһ٣΢΢һһֻֻԱߵһľ壬ľȻͱƿˣ¶һСֻһ˲ͨССͨ
߽ͨ棬ᵽһɵùζ
ͨѾþöûùˣƴڵҲûֹط
µ֣֪ﻹôͨƸͲǰ
ԭǲֿ⣬ԣ¶ǷǳϤģֻһ۾֪ԭǸġ
ԭѵĻǸָСʳƷʲôģԻ¾˳ֱͨ⣬ǳʡ
ʳûˣֻˣҲû֪ͨϾĻķǳĻܡ
˳ͨ˳ȥߵһ͹ʱİһľ壬ͺȻһССѾһ㱡Ļҡ
ȻССûסôõ£ɢһ˵㡣
ߵ˹ԣĳ룬ͳһӲ֪ʲôʱʣø㣬Ĭһ¡
ˣǲҪ⿴ˣӰ
°ѺӷŵһߣȻ﷭˷ϣȻ˳ȥ
ǰЩû¾͹רŪһСӣȻҴҲԲֹһ
һʼĻضرΣԼʹȥ֮һ˵ҲᷢССңȵû֮ﻹ΢Щ΢ġ
Ĩ˰ĻңȻ˱ʺֽֽдЩʲô
֮ƿһͳһССӣ
淢Ĳʲôһеʱ峿Χв٣һ֮˿ۡ
Ȼ˴ʮӣһľ崫˼ŵ˵֮ʮСģʮԥƿľ壬Ȼ󿴼ŵĻ¡
벻ôȻǻǰڻĺĿǰ˵Ѿ̭ˣҲôһ
Ǹ˿µʱ˶һ£æͷ
ϴС˵·㳤Ĳô۵ģʱضҴϼˡ
ȫߵʱ򣬻һЩ̽ھٱˮֵʱЩ̽Ҫá
ػԽԽƽ˾ˣκηЩ̽ӵҲ𽥼٣һСĽ²ûа˶Ūôġ
⼸ڲó
˿ϴ·ǲʶղ̨Ǹ˾Ȼǻ棬ʵʵڱһɫ
ղŻ̨ʱҲ̫֪ܲϾ¿Χ۵ˣ˵Щڻˣòɨصİ̶ͣеĻˡ
Ҳ֪ͻȻָղ̨˾Ȼǻ棬˻ʲô顭ǿ϶ġ
°ԼдֽϢͻȥ
Ǹ˽ӹֽӦһ¡ߵʱûסһ䣬ʲôʱģ
졣
ôͻȻ⣿
Ŀ˿ˣ˵ʵΪϵɺϡܾô˵һʱֵҲûУֻ˵Ϊ˼
˾Ҫͼȥ⻨Ի·תҪ뿪ʱ򣬺Ȼ䱻סˣʣ֮⣬⻹жˣ

֪𣿡
ʱӦû
ǾͺáµʱҪǡ
ȵǸ뿪֮󣬻ϣ롣
̽Ӷ֪ͻȻôİˣֵͦˡ
˼һᣬĬĬֿ˿Լһװ磬Ȼֻĸо

ذҹԺ˯˹ԼǰһΨһһǰ治֪æЩʲô۾ʣô˯
ҲŸոµû£˯ɡ
룬۾ҲˣҲ˯ˣ˯̤ʵ
졣ڳ˻˵жͦƵһˣظͦгġ
ľˣȴĵĹзһЩֵ顣
ǰϵ״ֵ̬ͦģ˵ɣʵ״̬̫¿һЩͨĽˡ
һЩкεĶǺġЩ󲿷ֶһ٩ɽ˵˳
Ҫ˵Ǹˣ㲻ϡ¾㰡η̫㡣
ֹŹֵĸоڽصϣû΢˵ģҲֻĶѣûʲôĵĸо
Ϊʲôأ
ΪǸɢ˵һ뽪뽪һء
ûѽأԼڶԷбһ֪״̬ȽϺá
ԻµġԶҪɵĶ࣬ԻǳȥҲûʲô¡
Ϊ¿Ƚ޺һЩȻɢҲر䣬Ϊһ书ء
˼װ壬վ洵һ磬Ĵʮֵİرʣٻζ˳㿴ԶľɫʱȴȻ˴ǡ𣿡
һ£תͷȴһŴϵĹǲŻᴩ·ŮˣԶԶվһԣӵĿ
ԣǣôˣºŵʡ
ҡҾرÿǸŮֽһ˵
ܽ̽𣿡

ٵֱvsֱ

˵Ҳ֡
ʱ, ĵȷȷΧġˡһͬ·, Ļڵġ
ƫƫȴȻ, Լֵطֵ츳ܡ
ĥһ£Ҳֻʲô츳ܣֻӡ֤һϻֻŮ˲Ůˡ
ϲͦһĵŮְ죬һͦ඼ġֻжС˱ŨŨլ, Żô˵ְɡ
ͬ, û¶úÿˣǿ϶ŮҲúÿ

Ǹоﲻ̫Եӡ
һô, һ߽ŸղǸŮ
ȻŮûרǾǸˣʵҲ, ˶ûеֻľ
Ҫõ, ȥһѲ˵ҲǿԵġ
Сĵ㣬ͷ½Ź, ʵ˵ڿ򵥣۵ġ
ʹǲ, ʮӶܸɣ٤һ, ĥ˵˶
ǸŮӹҲۣʱҲûôۣѾͨˣô׼, ۵ġ
һĽţһĬĬ²ۣӣˣˣôƴ
ˣΪɶɹȻǴ̼Ů˷ܽһ
˵һûУǾȻô
¶е㾴ˡ
̵ֽһʱȴôᣬĸȷƷǳߵ֡½ˣǲᡣ
ղűҪѵĶģﶼһξˡ
½˺üκ󣬶ʲôѧ˼Щơ
˵Ӧð幤ѧ˵ﶼܿϣǰš
Щԡü˰죬һֻס˹ĸ첲Щա
Źĸ첲ؽ˼ΣڵεʱȻȻʲô
쳤̾
һ߿Լһ˵ԼղôȻôֱأ
ϸ˵Ҳֱֱ̫ƻûӦء
ɣʣµԼһ¼Ž꣬ȻЦŶ˵
ȵ뿪֮һ
Ǿﲻ̫Ծĸо
˵´µԵķҵôȻ͸оĶλʲô⡣

ǰǰѾʱˡ
ʱܵ˵ǷǳĵģϾһ֣²
еСʱһҪȥѧõԭ
˫ͬѧͱȽϲˣҲܰǰһͱǿȥơ
ȻΪģΧһƵĹ̡
磬ȾƲ
˫鿴ǰǸеĸ̵߶µĴԱ߶ƺԷһ
⻰͸ڵСܸϴ󾴾һʵ⻰ʺϷһϡ
һȺź·ΧһǰŸ⣬ϻŸͺͷ硣
ſ߶µģͶظϴ󵹾ơ
ôΥ͵Ļ棬˫Żױ֮Щ£ȻûѸ̸
Ǹ̾ȻЦͦĵģ˫˵ϣͦɰһСǰûֵطɡ
˫仰µĸˡ
֪ΪʲôĪľǰ⸱θۡ
ǸָпһΪȺСҵĺɰԽԽģҪپҿŶ˰ɡ
˵⻰ʱһһԺȾƵ͵͵һǸ˵װ硣
⿴ϣܻͨ˼µĳԺˣϴĶҲǲĶ
ֻ˵ĴָϵǸָûǮǸָͳҲѴÿļ˶ק
ǰڻ־ҵĸ̶ˣղһ˵˶ңֻϣ̧ʱԱߣƾ͵Ц˵ôܲأָ©㶫͹ǳһˡ
ȥģԶڣʹ֮ǰѾ˻һЩͬһĳˡ
ޱĺȾ뵽
ľƸպȵһ룬Ǳߴ߶µ
ļǮȷʵе󰡡ȻûǮǾͱ¡

£µĸڣ¸ڵĸͬʱͣ˺ȾƵĶһǱãȻĿ˹ȥľƱͬʱסǵ

Ǹ̹Ҳͷһ̻Ļش𣬷Ӧ˰ġ
ղ˵˫飬ġ㡱һֵΪ˷ְֹǮҵֱӰĻȥҵģǮҲҵģǸã
Աߵ˿̵ֱòͬˡ
溾˼˵ĸײƵģ̵Ǯ̶ȱǻøһ㡣
ԱƵɵСץסᣬúõĺһ壬˵ܸһ𱻴ȥˣҵͿ᲻˵
̸ߵģ϶Ѹ̺ķģץסһ졣
ۡ˫Ҳʵ¶ʵĽ飬øԿһ㡣
ʹ˫飬ҲԼʶӦһ¸ֻ̣һᣬͻȻʮϵ˵֣ţư
ۡһھƲ˳
æ㱻һĿ˵Ǹһ߲ӣһ߰
ǸѾ׵ҭˣͷһôϵġ
ҲȻŵŭ˵㣬Сǿ㳤ĻУԲҵƵģһ˵ϣʸûС
˫⻰ȻҲˡ
ãȻ˵磬İҿڿ㰡Ҳû˵ʲôõĻ
ǻпңĵ죬Χ˶˹ô˵ģӸҽй
˫鱾ǱǿйƵģѾãȻˣһڳֱӰѾƺ桰žһţ˵磬Ͳ˰˵ֲ˵ʲô㶼ԸҲ̫ź˰ɡ
ǲǳҪң
˫Ҫô룬Ҳûа취

ˣֱн䣡
žƵĻ¾žƺ˶֮С
߿ֿӶ˲ϲˣһСղŲҲűһȴСĵʻ£㣬û°ɣҿ̫ӡ
Ŷû¡¼תͷЦŶ˵
û¾ͺá߸ոҲһˣѾϯˣл͵͵ĸ˵
û£㡭¿˿ɫղŹȵľƣ˵ЩȥϢɣ˯֮ǰǵúȵѾҪûУҿǱߵϯλ÷ӣԼ˯
ﱾѾҪ뿪ģµĻ˶һ£ȻȻͺˣ˵ãȥ
˻ֺ˵лл㻹Ҹղź˶پơ鷳ˡ
鷳µ
뿪ʱĻͷ˻һۣ˫Ǻˣˮ
վԭأȴĪЩ꣬ΪոͻȻһ
Ȼ˽Ů˵ġˡǡǴ˵è

³

˫ͬѧµһ, ɹǻǸˣֱӾȥˡ
, Ŀ뿪, г̾Ȼǵaƻ, ΢һ˫С
һ, ߾ͱһﲻסЦ˻ֵ֮Ķ̲סЦС
Աи˫鵹˱, ˫ϻ̳ϿֵĽ˹, һƬãȻ¾˼ΪʲôҪơ
˼ƵǸ˻˫ļ
ϵ˶еģղǸôţΪǮ, ԴҲûʲô˵, ˼ҡ
ῴ˻Ժ, ˵ˬǲܵġ
һҪùˡԱߵһȽϺĵһ, Ժ󣬿϶Ĳ㡣
˫ھͺơ
һԡ
¿˿ոմȺ֮뿪Ǹ, ﵹͦƽġ
Ȼ, һͳ˹ʱȴҲӣֺǺǵġ
һȺɻĿ˫ǰһ仰, ǽԱߵһλ˫鰡λͣղŹָҪơ
վԱߵλǸոո¶һ֮ȥˣ˫˵߰ɣȥӡ
˫鱻⿪żɽŪ˶ˡ
תܣ˼һѾ͸ץ˻͸ˡ
˶һĻСݴղʲôطᶼΪ˫ҪջУ׷¶΢Ц
űӣ˫ķԶԶһ٣˫Ǹ˸ԶԶӣǸ˶Ż΢΢ͷ
һ·ߺã⽲ˡ

ѾǻǴӽʧٵĵ졣
⼸챻Щ˷ĲУҳߵĹ뷨
ҪᱻŴĸжˡ
ʧٵЩ˵⼸춼ڷֲܲӴֻܲͣĴ̫ȭ˵Ѿ֪ͨ˹ٸƹһʱͻн
ȥǸҲѾʬ˻ȥȻֱ˳ᡣ
ͦ˶˽լԸȥҵطסҲԸסˡ
ʵЩ۽ҵӣǱĸҹӣ¶ҪԾǰˣԽǸĴˣȻ˯̤ʵԵĻǺģ
ҵһ˿˯ǰɢ¾飬һЩ˵è塣
Ҳ֪ﴫϢԽԽ˵ǿһźڶҵˣǸ˰Щ˸ߵģΪׯ˵ĽѾֿʼׯѲˣҲûҵǸ˵źڶҵˡ
˹ˡ˵ķӻǱ˵ķӣΪʲô˺Ҫ˽⣿
ôһȥȥ죬ʼϢ֮⣬͸һ˼һ
ܾòȥˣòȡһЩʩ
һҹڷߵһ˷ǽԼլӣǧܵһһӪҵ֬۵
Ҫʲôϵ곤ʱ΢΢һ¡ʶԷҹܹԽĵλҲʲô֬ۡ
Ҳֱ֣Ӵӿڴͳһŵݸϵ곤Ž档

ϵ곤Ƿţͣ롣
ԱߵĵԱҲˣи˻Ͷ䡣
Ȼ...ӣͷһοô͵ġ
˵߱Ҳû˵˭ɣֻҪĶܲĳͷһοֱӹĵϣȻǽ档
˵ˣԼ˴鱨ûôġ
Һϵ곤Ǽģƽİ˵֪ˡذɡ
˿ûоôҹǽһʲôԾģƨɣĻȥˣֻµĵԱǡ

յŵʱڴ˺Ⱦơ
Ŀ˾ȷʵǻǮģ֪Ϊڹؾص͸δľһ㣬һһ
ô˵ҲԣѾıˣʼһûء
ԭڣǸ˲֪ôˣĪľǰĪ˵ơ
ǵǰֶţһԼ˾Ĺо
Ǹ˶е
Ӧò֪ɱֶղŻ¾һֱڶһ˷ɱɱ׺ݵĴǹ
֮£ѾǷӦǳٶ۵ˡ
µ棬ͺܵĴţǸʵʵŵƣƾͱȽɢˡ
˰뿿ϣһֻбڳϣͷ˳αɢ£Ȼûкȶپƣ۾΢ЩɢĸоղǱҲֻôĶ
·ŵʱҲһ£˵ʼʶⲻǽ
ʲôǻѽŸ
¸²˵òŽذʲôԼȥʲ͵ˣȴЩԡ
ֿ˼䣬Ȼȷžдġ
ϡˡµһӾˣúõĿһ¡
ȻֻУĸ̾
˲죬ƽʱקĲУмС͵̬û±һˬͬʱ̲סҪ
ҪԱУѾεˡǰĽչдȥˣ˳㻹ĵһ»ð飬˵ĺޡ
˵ǳס˰ô£
ʧٵ̫ˣЩƿˣ
㻪¾öпܣûºǽᵽ¡
һ£ԭִڽе˶ղģ˭еûȥ˿շӵôġ
ձ齭Сʵ̫ӵ£һ㶼߽һʱ񣬲Ż֪ЩǱ򡱡
ȴͬ
˵Լ֪µԽԽˡ
ЩУһЩʲôϵͨˣǾȻ֪ĸУҲ˵˷ִڡ
˵ԼһȥһСĲݣϰȻڸ̸£̸ӣǽ̸һʵһ
»ûôע£»Ҳ̫ϢΪ߷ӾӶ࣬ǲ̫û̸ġ
ϱֹ
룬Ȼϱһǳ
ϰնڷӻǲô˽⣻
˶֪һӡ
ν³
һûЩϢǽ˵贫źڶеϢ
д˵ǸڶƿһȺӣȺ޶ȴԺڶǰ
滹˴ֶͨ죬ķӣʵѾˡ
ϢϰյĶƱȷӵǸ˵ġ
¿ϢĵһۣﶸȻ뷨ǣȥֻܵ鱨Ǳ˭йˣ
Īͽ
漴ԴһԼ뷨
Ǹʽͽͽ͸ñˡ
ֹô£
¶ԼǷǳĵģ˼һᣬܽܵϢԴ
һЩԼƶϳģ
ȺϹ࣬ȻϹèײϵġ
ʱ򣬶Ǹ̲֪ΪξеɪɪŻĵĿţȻͻȻĳһΧ˶ֵĻҪȿţҾȲˣ
ûϵ⻰еţɨһۣһֵͳЦ˵ҵĿ𡭡
㻨ǮȾƵģһʱ䣬Ҷһ˵ġ
õͳö˵ЩĻƹ̣һС˸иɻЦݡ
С㿴˿µЦ۾һҲһЦתȥˡ
ָ̲Լ˱ƣȻһȥļҪԼԼµĸо
ļ˰ҪҪ֧Ԯһأĵ롣
ʵ֧֧Ԯ񶼿ԣ㲻֧Ԯ½Ҳ˵ʲô
Ͼ֪һҴϣֲ˼ء



˫ҹǶ߶µĻ, µʱҲѾ°, ĿֱŽ, ųȥģڴҲǶһˡ
Ҳû˸Ϊ˵ʲô
˫ڴ, ۿհףƺûе, һʧӡ
¿, ˵ԼҲû˶˫ʲô, Ƿһ䣬㡭ôˣ
á
ոաǸ˰棬Ȼʲô𣿡Сʡ
Ҵ˺˫˵ȻЬ, ·֮󡭡

֮󣿡µڶ
֮һ, һϡ
ºס, ս
˵Ҳ, , ˵ϲ˲, һҪҡ
˫Ȼ, ŭĶԻµ˵ǲв
µͷ̲סƴȣȻͬ˫Ŀ, ˡȷʵеŹ֡
˫ŭǰĿ룬ô˵֮󣬺Ȼйˣһ͹Ĺĵܵһ
˴ӷŭĺ״̬ǵӣȻԼһͷ˵Ҳ㷢ƢġԲ𡣡
û¡ҡҡͷһ˶˫飬ȰҲһ£룬һҲñɧ˰
ô˵һֱʲôʱܻȥ˫̾
ǰʱ䲻˵ʦŻ𣿡̽ʡ
ǻҡ˫Ƿϣڡһ⣬ʱܹ
˫ʦ˭ʶľͺ
˵䵱ɽǼӦҲʶ˫˵ĻЩ˶Щ룬һʱỹûӦ˭ͽܡ
˫鲻˵ȻҲȥʡ۾װѾ˯˵ӣ˫۵

ڶϣҹƳϣ׼׼úõĶŪһԼλˡ
Щ֣û²ɵöעһᡣ
ϴĵûʲôرģĺܳסİ
һˣ¾Ĭèˡ
źۼĳ濴һۣǸ˺ֻһۺ󣬻¾ְ˻
Ҫɵʲô𣿡׼Լ׼ɱͷ**
û뵽Ǹ˺ܸɴĶԻµû飬ʵ㡣
ºܸɴľͱʵˡ
˴ӦòźȾƵģȫ֪ôǳʲôĿġ
ȥǱߡڻ붫ʱǸ˺Ȼһקס
𺰣Ҿɱ㡣
ɤѹֵͣȴקŻµ־ͳԱߵһȽĽߣܴ
˵⵹Ȥ֪ҪȥǸ
Ȼ˳Ʊק˹ȥȴӵԼĵ
Ǹ˰ѻקһĽȻһѽ˹ȥסĲӡ
°ĥλ羿иʲôͬʱһֱţװһļơ
¸˾֪
˫ڸ˵ơ˵ԸӦòôܻӭΧ۹ζԴ˵еĹͬ
ǳ˵ϡܻ
˵Сݵʱ䶼ȥˣʱûקȥСݣƽʱʲôģҶͦϲġ
ԴֱŮµۡҪױ֮ʵ̫Сɰˡ
˫飬ơ
ˣ˫һߺһ߶žƺƨƨߵ˹ȥȻʮĶһ˫Ҫа֡
ѾݹӦˣܹ⵱һżҪ㿪֣м仹ȥĵС
ʵ˵ԼΪʲôôӦҲоܾ㤣־İݣ£ҲĶԴȥˡ
ĳ˵˫ҪȻջˡ
ʱҲ⣬ÿϾһȺǰۿϾ׸ˣһֱӵǮûյһ¥
˵˻ˮ׼Ѿ㴬ϵĶˣǲ֪Ϊʲô˽Ҫ˺٣˫Ҳ˼⡣
룬Ϊ̫ᣨ˰ɣ˸һ𶼲̫Ҹʲôֵ顣
˫ԼǣԼԼƽʱҲǸƢԸôõˡ
ʵһֱԼͦȺģڻǰȴ֪ΪʲôҲұֳʱҲʲô˵
⵹Ϊ֣ʵҲǸͦˡԻյʱ򣬾ܾЩӦñЩȴܡ
ΪǸˣ˺١
˫ԼǸڵĲٲڵĴֺԼڻǰʶĶһЩ
ַǳֵĸоҪ˫Լ˵Ҳǵһˡ
֮Ծľ˫顣
ÿֻС۷һڿ֮䣬ƶǴ͵Ա
ڶϰ߽ǳơﶼ˺֡ܳ˵˶ַǳ⣬˶ֲڶС
˫ղŵƵʱ򻹿ǱߣȻһͷͷ˲ˡ
ղŻµǸž;ùֵֹģһͷסİַͨ͵˶ᱻ˫Ϊв
˵ϵżȥһȦҲǷǳģ˫鲻֪Ϊʲô͸ĵĻգһᣬԼûȥһ
Сҵư˫鱳һ˺
Ȼᣡ¡˫鳯ͷҲصĺһɤӣȻͳŻոյĵط˹ȥ
˫ô˵ҲûЦģСҪȥġ
¸Ǹڶţʵ˵ͻȻײôһˣﻹеС˷ܵġϾײϵķѱͲͻƿڡ
Ǹ²ӵƷǳרҵǸպù˵仰ͻᱻơ
µѾס˵ʵ˵ϲƣһҪɴĵһλá
⴬ϺͦİɣǸ˼ٵĴϢţڻµĶߣŪ
˵Ҫɱ˻ô
ţư
ҲôǸַȥ˵Ҳô
ɱ֮ҵңͻɱҵģһɱҵġ
ȥģ¶ˡ
˵ǰߵҲ̫ԾǷʱܳİɣ
¾ͷǳбҪάһƽˣᵶѾгһ롣
ڻҪֵʱĶȻܹ΢һ㶡
ӹսǵǽǱߣȻܹһӰ
չһ˲䣬Ųͣˣ˱Ҳ
˫ȫµĶֻʣ¿Ż£һֱƴĴҪƽϢոձ֮
ϣǵСͬ־Ȼ˵ǿû
ĪľеЦľСͬ־еɰ
ܾΪʲôСôܻӭԵʰɡ
ﷴʡһȻĳЩ滹û˼Ҹںӿɰ
˫ڿǱߣЩ֪Щʲôӡ
ȻڻܶݳһҪŪӣʵе㲻ġ
˵˫ܹԼûежʵĻͽˣ·ð졣
ߡ¾û֧ãùҡ
˫仰󣬷վһ
⺢ӡĪǸɵӣĬĬ롣
Ϊʲôʱ򶼲ܰʲôأ

ͻȻ

ɻ˰, Ϳ˫תȥǽ, һľӣȻͳ˹
ľӶ˵е㳤, ҿ϶Ҳûнʲôĳ, ĿǰҲûʲôĸֵ
У¾˫Ҳһ򲻹˵ģǸʵķӣô˵ҲҸһ˲С
áܴĹ𣿡ŻµǸ˿˫, Ϸʵ˵
˫һֱͷȥ, Ҳ΢ϡ棬ΪҲ֪ͦ˫ʵôġ
ıûʲôϣģڿ˫һ֮ȴȻ˵㿴ȥȤ
˵˫ǳ֪, ǸղȻǸƻô˼
¿˰, ڵ䵱ɽһҲʵ˺ܴȥѧһ֡
Щ书ûѧ, ʵһЩϸҲ㹻ˡ, ʵǸС, 򵥵ĽҲܱõڻͨ, Իʵûмӡ
ǰ˫˻£һĳЩж̰壬ǻһʲôӵġ
ܶ, Ҳͦġ¿Īĸпһ
˫ľӳʱĵĴ˵ĸ첲ѳһ㣬ȻЩմһ˵ľ
ķӱͦгģȴڶԷľĵһʱо˲Ծϳһ˿ŭƺҪЩʲôվ仰û
˫ľʱı΢ЩģǽıͺȻ˾ȡ
Ϊľô谭ĴǸ˵ϣһ·ǳأ˫鶼ܿǸ˴赭дһӱ˾ȵı顣
еĳЩ˵ĳʶѾ̫ˡ
һ˲䣬ϷǳĽţ˫黹̲סðһ䡰ֵܣҪֵô䣬رݵġ
ֱڵƴʱźȻʶȷʵʵ
վûع
¿һ˫𾪵ѵı飬ջԼ
ڵϵˣһȵ˵
Ҳǡ˫µ˻ȥ
˵Լֱ̬ô£˵ԼͻȻʵӦһǳˬ飬ʵĲףֻʮֲˬ
رˬ
޷͵ԭ˫˼ȥո˸͡
㿴顭˵û±ֵط㿴һӾܲס˰ɡ
ǡϽ뿪ɡ˵ŵ֮תͷû̽ӹ˸ߡ
˭֪˫龹Ȼˡ
ԥĶԻµȱߣˡˣһЩ顣
⻰Ҳͣ
˫ȥ֮ǸˣǴģ
ģйϵ𣿡Ǹ˻һᣬһɳƵɤ˵
˫Ȼɵ𣬵ȻôӣֵãȻ㲻˵㡭
ǲǴһźڶҵֵģ
վ˫ı󣬿һۡ
źڶҵˡڵϵظһ˫ĻȻȻЦЦ˵į}ˣ˫һƤ
ŴһźڶҵˣǸһЦһ߿
˫ȴʮĵԣš
⸽Ĭ룬Ǹ˵ЦȻԽԽ󣬡㿴˭֪һ˴ڡ
Ц˫鲻òʼȥʱ˲źȻͣ˫ݵ۾˵ȻţԼȥɡ
ԣ˵Ķ԰ɣ˫۾һ
ķӦ͸ҵ˹ͷһû뵽Ȼһֱ¡
ʵ˵ڿƽʱûûε˫Ȼںµʱ򣬻µͦ΢ģԼƽɰĹӾȻų˼ָо
ǣΪʲôҪ˫ָָ¡
Ȼӻ˼ˣʵ⵹ǻʵģҲ˳ˮ۵ȥ
֪Ǹ˵ı齥ı
˫ȻĶȥǳɵĴչȥ
ڻ¿˫ʱᱻǸеĵеľۼ
˭֪Ǹ˾ȻĴյ˫Ķ˵һ仰
仰˵ĶСΪûԻµĶú
Ǹ˵ΪҸ㡭ǸϲƯĶˣϲ
˫֮üëǶڰ˱˵Щ˳ùֵֹģҲҲʲôë
еһ˵иϲĶ
Ķ֣ܶҲˡ
ܴӱ˿ôԼʵһֺ˲顣ǰ¥ɱֿŵ˿ҲǺ·һӾԼָо
ʱЩʱ˵뵽ĪѾô𣿾ͿǸǸܵƺǷһ˿Ѫɫ
ĨѪɫ¹ҫ£֪Ϊδһֲꡣ
ţ
Ǹ˺Ȼһסˣɫø԰ף¶һּȿ־ı顣
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˲˵ߣͬʱҪȥ
ܸоԷͻȻ÷ǳ
󣬼ʹµҽֻһӣҲ֪ǲˡ
Աߵ˫Ҳɵˣ¹ȥʱһ£֪㡣
ü
ʱʵõʲôֶζѾˣˡʱرѸ٣ûκεԤףûº˫鶼ûӦ
ʵǻûӦ˶ûӦ
Ͼϲĸ֪ԼҪˣһСĵİɡ
µȻǷǳǿⶫȻܾ㹻ܴһƴĺţ˾һưܵķһ
ʱֻˣΨһ˵ϻҲֻ
˵ƭңƭҡ
˭Ǹ˭ƭʲô°Եץʡ
Ǹһ˫۾Ƕƭҡ
˵ҵĶͲɱҡ
ǶһȺƭӡ
˵仰֮󣬺ȻѪȻһ
Ǽʱû취ʹ࣬һԹ߶ܸоʹ࣬һʧȥ㡣
ƴţŬţܿ죬ֹͣ˺
±һȻʧȥ壬ԼĺҲҪֹͣˡ
ͱƽӲһᣬȵٴλع˫Ǹ
ŵĿŸոȥˣֿ˿£еʣû°ɣ

û¡
ҵģػʱʶɤ
ڲϵôһ˾ôǰ
ôģ
Ѿƻ˫ʱ䷢˱仯˭ⰲΪǰ
һе֣û˫ϸ˵ڵȷʵͬ˫Ϸǳңֲͬһҡ
ֻмһЩãȻ޴룬˵ŭĸо
˫Ϊк¾Ӷ࣬ͻȻӿķŭȣֺ·ϡˡ
Ƭ»ָƽֱ˫ȻһףǸʲô
תͷһ
ڸոȥǸ˵·棬ʲôһһĵģҪ
лҪ˵44ŽȻʱϸһ죬5㷢4ŵĸ¡
ڷżˣҲǹһСˣҺúϢһŶ
ͷŶ=أ=

Ʒֲͬ

º˫鳯˹ȥ, ʵ˵ֳĪֲƬ˿رĿֲ
Ǹ˰춼ûг, ǰȥ·ƿ, ĳһֻ볤, һƿĳӡ
ĽĵŽµƤһ, ж೤
˫˴һ, Ȼʶһ
¿ϻմŵҺ壬ǰ˻, ֻû۾Ȼǿһͷ߸ߵİУߡ˹
ȫ˳¿ȫһ, ׳һĶⶫĺοûǰκã¿ԱǰҪϸϺܶࡣ
ⶫӦǸûõĳӡ
ӿǳĹŹ֣Ļܹɡ
ԳƵ˳˻µϣȻſһ
ۡ˫鿴־ֻӵĻ˵
ֺݵֻӡ, , ƽ֪ⶫǳĶģȻҲ
Ϊոȥһ, 鲻ãһɴһ
ֻӡ˫ʣʲô
ӵԴ֪ⶫʲôֻͷһμ͵ġӡУֳӦöͦСģϸƫؼ׳͡
ֻӣ֮ǰ·˵飬аֻӻѪι
˸ô죿
˫˺һᣬʶ
±ƽʣҪҪ٣
٣˫룬ġ˼ӺͻȻ˵Уܱ١
ԭΪͬⱨ£ô˵ʱȵġ˫ٵĻһ϶Ỷӭٸ˹ٸˣ²ĺùӳԡǡ
һۡ
ܾ黹еΣ˵ȥ֣Գ֮⣬ʱǲҪκˡ
¿˫飬ԼԽԽ͸ˣԭΪ˫鿴ľẦ£ʵûС
ˡӦ÷ʡ
˫˼󣬶Իµ
Ż£һͷ̧һߣĳĳط̧˫ŻȥȷʵʽС·ԽǱߣԽƫƧһ߻һߵҪ£ҲǰʱŷֵġҴȻͨʵкֵܶĶ
ŻµһľǰȻޱм˴ϵһС͹һԱߵһľӦ
һƬںľ󣬼ʲô
˫ŵĴŻȥһ߻һ߽͵Ҫ̫¡ʲôûеģȥǸͨͨķŶĵطһӣǿȰŽ
ĳ˵ȷʵʲôҲûСĬĬ룬ΪԭѺŻһѲķӣʱȫˡ
żڿ˵Ĵľ䣬ΧǽҲưܵӣҲرࡣ
һʼΧڵȫȥӺ۾Ӧ
ºǸ˹һΧЩɢ鲼ֹζɢȥ˫ִԱùһССĺӣڻڻϣſŵֻӹ˽ȥȻһ
˫һͷ󺹵˵ʱӦûֲˡ
һ۾Ϳ˫⡣
ĵļƻµȵϵ˷ֵʱǶѾ֮ززˡ
ȵȥʱһķ磬˫ͿʼڴڵĴŴ
һۻº󣬻ǰοû£ʱǲµģȵ˷֮ǰһȥġ
û˼ЦúѿǶ˵ǵıܰ
˫ϣΪٷ֮ʮĽ˿ܶôӦǳǿǴΪϰˡ
ԣ¾ԼӦûжϴܿǳĲϲȷʵѾӦ¡
֮ǰһƵ״пǾġ
ȥԺ˫Ϳʼ˵ơԼֵĿһŹ֣ƽƽڵơǺԣѾЦˡ
ûٶ۲ת˻һˡ
Ǹ˰ӵǾʬһ򵥵ķȻʬԱߵǸСù
ǸȥˣһѺӽ˻¡
ƿ˺ӣĳӡ˵ֶЯܸȫһ㣬ϵ˶ʲô**ⶫʱпܱ˫Ȩһ£Ǹֿˡ
ųӣԼõĻһСڡѪε˳ӵϣֻղſǳ͵ĳӣڻ»Ƥһ˲궯
Ѫεӵʱ־ͰѺӸϵģΪֻӻ֮ǰһֻǵһѪͿˣȴû뵽Ѫµһ˲ֻӺȻ
ĿֻӺϸϸССģЩ͸ƤȻһƬɫƬɫǳį}ˣųӿʼ˷˺ҧԼͺʲôԽܵĶһ
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ĿֻӰԼ˺ҧ䣬Ƕ˺üȣȴһֱûа취ӡ
ԴڵϷӿʼʳԼ壬û¿ĺ󱳷ò˸ӡ
ֻӺ֮ǰֻӦֱ˵ϵ°
ΪʲôΪƷֲͬ
µ˺һᣬŴ˸ӣֳѾˣǰԼҧġ
ٷŻȥЩ˿˻᲻ɣʡߵǸ˺ԥ˵ᡣ
ʲôᣬɱֻӣ˶Ϊǹġڣ²֪һΪǹŪ˳ӣҪѾƸøһ㡣
һ˫ˡµٰȥǸе϶ҵӴҲҪŪ
Ǹ˳ȥ¿ֿȥĳӡ׼Я
³ȥʱײ𱣬۾ܼ⣬һ۾Ϳ˻¿ڴװĺӣʣϣ˭Ķ
ӣµĿһۣĪģůĿУ;ƽһ󺮷磬ļƤ񶼸ˡ
аˡ˵ôȻ
ƹֱĳǰȥ𱺰üûͣһ䣬ƢٺҲͷ
Ļû̫壬û˶˹

Ĵˣ

ׯ, ˸ϡ٣һ֮ǰľ
ʱׯˣرӴģҲȥģЩ˾͵ׯӵķΧԽԽ, ȥײˡ
ĳ, Ļྐྵ, ³ģѾһĹӿǡ
ྐྵӵٶ˿ûǰɱֵݣ, Ѹ磬, һͿһӡ
·ҲضãǱĵĺںһƬ
ߣ·һ߿һ߳Цɱֵٶ𣿡
ԼǮۺʾ·Ǯ
ྐྵӵ͸ĵƵ, Ȼн࣬ܽ໥Ӧ
˿˰, ·ڳ̾һҲŷ˹ӣĨ˰Ѻںڵǡ
Ҿһһʲô⡣·˵Ȼɱôһôͱӡ
ҶҪ, ɵʲôҵɡ۰˵
·Ҳ¹ӣ̾˿
Ѿլ, ʱﶼûȥֻྐྵš
Ǿڸղţ·ȥһȦͿʼ̾
Ѿôˣ㵽ʲôҲ˵ôҲ˵һ˵еװɡ۵
·˿ϵĹӵ֮ǰҸ˵°ɣ
֪
˵ׯʧٵˣûйϵأ·ʵ
Ǹйϵӡ۵һ⡣
ʲô⣿
ҲôɵôĿŵ
Ҳᡣ·̾˭֪ôģһɱأ
ҪŲȥһ𡣡˵
ô׵ʵأ
ΪҾǾӦÿԡ̧ͷЦЦ
·ЦԼͷһ䣬ҲҿԡȻת˳ȥ
˽ȥһǰ棬ʱ䣬Ѿ˽Ĺ켣г̣֪һûµʱ򶼻
һַǳ˽ܵĵطЩ˿ܲôʱԱм˿ҲûʲôϵǶһ˵ǾԲܸ˿Ķ
ĽҲǺܳˣ·⵹Ϊ͵ģΪҺЩ֡
˶飬·û¾ϲ
еû˵м̲˺Ƕġ
·ʱ˵߻˶ô࣬Ȼе˷ѣžҲʲôֵ̫顣
֮ڶ죬ҹȥҵҹʱ򣬾ͷЩ˺Ȼɡˡ
ȥˮͰûҵЩ˵䡣
·һֱڹ۲˵ȥˣЩʧĹ̷ǳأʹ·ҪſЩ˷ֲ˵ʱҲᱻίȥ
ȵȥʱЩ˾ѾɣҲκεӰ
·߶˸飬ĿǰΨһһò׼ľ˽ܵĽҡ
͵͵׵㣬ŽС˵İΧ£Ĵ˳һƵᡣ
˿ķǳְ˵ôĿǰһҵ»ܱôɫġ
·أֻߺȻɹһֻڵĸӣɫĸԶԶĿһֻѻ
ֻӷɹ˽ϣüͷ΢΢ţǴӸӵȡһֽ
ҲûŻʲôģֽȡͰѸӷŷˡ
ǱѰľٶ·ע⡣
ʱ㣬Ȼ˸ţżĵƺڽĹ֮ڣȴҲû̫죬Ҳһ顣
·ĺܣֱʶԼοܸ㵽ʲô¼ˣ԰Ӷ΢΢̽˳ȥҪǱߵڸʲô
ԼṦ·Ǻĵģó˺ڶı̬⣬ܱȵùṦҲûм
ⲻΪ㣬ҲΪôľ顣
·ǰ̽һ̽Ȼ󷢻Լ˫5.0ȥ϶дЩʲô
ǵ΢΢һµʱ潭ĶҲŶһ¡
ʱ·ͱĳ֣ȥ
˸ò˰ɣ
ܰṦû˷ֹ
·һԼ߽ľôжϵһ˵Ŀ־òתĻȥѰҳ˵ơ
Ȼոճһ㰲ȫһʱ͵תͷ߿˹
ǳĿеӡһ
ƽĽ湫ӣԶǺɫģ·Զûӡ
ʹׯӶôҲƽ͵ĸ˽ԼʹЩʧ˵ˣڿĽʱҲ̫
ڵĽ˵ĸоȴȻͬ
·һֻԼؿ졣
ΪԼĸħеˣʮʣ޼ɵ񣬶ʮֵĿ¡
޵Ĵ洫˳
ĸСɰ氡ΪʲôǺúõأ
˵嵽ڸĸ˵һһ˿޵Ц⣬˶ȴֻ˲һ
ԱߵĻŽŵķ׷˹ȥƹȥʱȴտҲ
ȥˣǸṦüʲôʱһˣ
ոһٵ·һرľҡ
˵˹è壡ȻһʼֱǶԵģ
˭뵽˭뵽
֮ʢİ¹ӽȻ˽»˵
¾Ȼˡ·һʱķǳĸӡ
˵ǲ˵ء˵ǲ˵һĥ

ôˣǸ͵ܵ󣬽洫һ˵
תεĳ鱻˸ˡ
ԼȻ˽ȥ
Ǹ·Ϊݲؽܲʧħͷﶼڷŵķǳ룬͸ӪһֻҪȥһ͸һŨŨ֮硣
Ũü۵ļһﰤԷء
ͷǸŨü۵ڵĻӦҲʶػһ䶯Ĵ£һͱһĽͷ
һһӵˣǻ»ѡĸ֡
족
ԴһƵ˵ҸӰɣȥˡ
û£ͻɡ˶վʮĿʼʰꡣ
ͷһ䣬ղŸ밡𣿡
ԣи˽񡣡
˽ðͷĽļȤôᣬָʲôʱͻһ߹ٵˣͲˡ
ЦҡҡͷһǰЩʧٵҳ˵ɡ
һƬ٣ոĻϡ

ʿ϶ղ·һ㶼һ·Ҳ֪᲻һѪ

ȵЩ֮󣬽ɱǸЦݣӿڴͳֽ
õֽȥϸ£̽Ļƣ滹һ޵
ֻ˵һ䣬ִЦݣֽŽ˿ڴ
氡
һˣȻʱţҪڶ˿ͻ߲ˡ
֣ǸˣȻţ
ϵЦ
ǡȫ벻

֪Ҷ˻Ҵ

˫Դһһʬ, ֵľһֱⲻȻ
ûµĻ˵, ûɹ, ֣¶þˡ
˻һֱƴİڣû¶ֿµ顣
ǸȥˣҲռϵϢ, ˾Ǹƽˡ
ûʲô, ȥǰһ, Ҳûȥʲôֵĵط
ΨһȽֵע, ӹǰɱһˡ
һƯŮˡ
ҲһɱӦһμɱˡɱ˵ĵصĳ̻֮, Ǵطûйϵ, ҲʶǸɱŮˡ
ȻɱǸŮͻȻʼԿ˸˵ʲôӵ
˵ʲôأԼɱ˵鱻֪, Ҳɱ
ϸĥһ, ˾Ǳ˸ˣô򵥵һκ, Ͷȥ
Ǹ˸˵˵, ͦ˽⻨ġϹҲû̫֡
ֻȥĳӣֹ۲˺ܳʱ䡣һΣ²һ¡
˻ˣǰӪҵʱõĸ߰ĳǶռ, Ȼָٸ
ôһͳƲˡ
ǳӣȻмʮֻ
ѾǳĴˣû²ò˼ӵĴھж١
˫ʮֵĵĻ£˵Ҳܿó
㣬ҪȥģҪȥϸ˫ͺס
¿͵Լȥϲ˫˿Уȥɣȥذ
ŲȥȻ˫ϸÿֵͦģǻﻹͦģǺֳ£Բſôʵ
˫һֱһ󣬱һʵôţҲ֪̫ɹ̫ʧܡ
컹һ˫飬ǸȥǸ˾ʲô
ϵǣ˫Ǹ˵ӡرĲá
̬ȣҲʹڽϴ󲿷˵̬ȡ
˫˵ҲϲǸˣҾǸˡǳĿ¡
һ֣Ѿܰһ˸ųˣ˵ǲرĿ£
ȷʵװǳͬ˫Ĺ۵㣬һ˽ֻһ־ܰ˸ŵֻ˵Ǹɹܶرµ顣
԰˫ҵ֪һ˵ԲܱץȥǸˣȻѾҪץˣǿ϶б˵ġ
⻰˵ģͺѾۿ˻α˸ץȻαĥ˵Ļ档
ǶĻͨһЦ
Цÿκ
ôҲԶԷĻǳͬһ

һʵҹ˰ߣֵҲѾˡ
»˸ȫױھǰһԼ
ʵ˵ʵǸչޡ
ǹҲרһӵġ
ֱһߣϻһ΢Щݡ
컪¿ʹһϷϷݵĽɫеի֡
˵¸¶ûʲôϵģҲȷĸ˵Щ߰ĶԼᣬһν
Ҫ»ݣֻҪܳΪĿǰµѾųɳˡ
ҪûƵ˲̨࣬˻Ǻܶġкܶ˾ãһˣ̨ϱ̨¸ӵĺʡ
ľݣžǻ´ߣ̨ϹһȦȻýˣһȦҲͿ̨ˡ
ͷ߲ģǻ²֪ʲôط͡ģ˵Լߣṩߣó˻Ƶߡ
еԴһֺܹӣԴһаȵĸоôǻƵģһ߶ãǻ¾͸úúõ뻨ǲ̫Ըɷˡ
ߣ¿˿ˡ˵˭Ҳһеģ
£˵ƯĹﶼų̂ϵʱƯ
һ˾ȻֳܱЧүͷԡ
¶Ŀ佱ּĸо
ϰѻ˵ĻߣҲͲôˡ

յкܶ࣬ٹˣ塣
һɫϣ˼ˡ
ҡһӾϷ棬˿Ľ֮⡣
˵Ļ˵ѾǻƨˣյġҲҺûмܹϳеǼϳˣʱȫ˽
ŷһЩ˵̸ǵ̸ҲͲڴˡ㿴ĶʱȻأʱ򶼲ȥô
ȫûںȺˡ
ҪģȺӹ֮ôܹס
ϵǣĵһ£ֱϴǸߵ˴һ¡
˼һ룬Ȼ󿪿ʵ֪ߡһԸرºͣЦǺǵģҲͦ𣿡
ʻǸ˾ǸͨСִ˾֪һǸ̸ܣԸرº͵ﵹСŮġ
̧üë˵еְϢУȷʵ˵˻һϸ˵һиȥ˷ǳֵ飬Խǧˡ
ͽ֮佨˷ǳõ鱨ϵͳǱ˴֮һ
ǻ²ԣ
룬־ԻµԸҲΪһֱǸرˡ
ոո˵СԱקקչȥţϺȻ¶ʲô飬æ˹ԽȻᣬ񡭡ȷʵиƢرº͵ˣֻ
ֻʲôʵ
ֻǸ˲̫üԿһʼ˵ʱǲûǸ˵
̫üⲻӦõ𡣡üë˵˵ġ
ˡ˵ƢͦõģҲرǸССĵ˵ֻ˽ﵹǾò
ǸԶԶļһΣرÿǸһҲЦŵģǲ֪ΪʲôܾЦûʲô¶ȡ
Цûʲô¶ȣԥһ룬˵ǰǻ£ź漸䣬ֺǡ
ʱûҵʲôʵˣֶһ䣬ҵǸЦͦġЩ֮⣬˻ʲôص㣿
ǸСѽңȥһڴϣʱ˶ܿ
˵һźܶص߳֡
Ȼᡣ׼뿪ĽȻͱסˡ
תСʮֲ˼ʣһʮֶصߣ
ԡСȤĻԿһֽա



ߵӵʱ, ½½ĽӣһҲվǰ˵ʱϳ
һں̨ŵĻкü, һں̨һ, ˶ԶԶġ
ΪʲôЩôԶǽߵĹϵ롣
Ȼһֱڴ˼ʹϵͦ, ˵ʱĪڡ
뵽ϵߡ
ʵǻģһſ͸оǳаԵߡ
ʱ⿴۾, ȷʵͦ, ϴŵɷ, ɫҰײҰף촽ȴ޵ġ
ߵĽʱ˿̻ΪոԼĻ𾪡
ֿ˿۶䣬뿴ǲԼˡ
ģĽлաǸСŽ, ٻʿ
ʲô
һ𾪵ɫ뵽
˵籾еĺ˺öࡣ
Ȼûҵ, ҵһһܲ˵˵ӡֻǽǳ, ǸΪʲô
ΪĹϵ
Ǹյǲǻ棿ֵûв³أ
һ, ˻յĴ, ȻŴǱߵķ˹ȥ
׼ϴʱȴЩĳź濴һ롣
ıˡ

˺ˣʰʰ׼̨
ɺܶ࣬ʹһ, رŵ
̨°ȦţȷһȺ˵ǲǳġֵķΧУֻһߵķǳİ·
ϸ΢Ȼڸ˶˶ЩЩ˾ǳˡˣҲɲҴ
ﲻĵ̣ò׼ЩҪʲô
ճˣ
ǻգ
ԭڶЩ˵ĽͻȻΧ˸˷
Ҳ̧ͷ濴ȥȻͿһ£ͷϴһߵ˳
ߵóһĶаӣ滹һЩ͹װΣǶϵİ̽һ
°ȴľ£֪ͿʲôԶһһˣ޳ɾ˵ĸо
ŶڳˣΧһƬǰȥ
ĸӸߣܿһڿǰߵʱͫ׾ɪһ¡
ֱǰߺȷɣǵȷǻ档
ΪߵӸ֮ǰȻͬһܿǳͬһʦֱʵġ
Ļͼе̵ķʽĵȷȷǻǸ˵ķ
ʲô
ǵԼԷĵһߣһ˵İߣڶ˵ȫߡ
ٴԷ߾ȻѾ˰
̫ԶҲľֹʶĿӣȴ״˭ܿļġ
˵̨֣ϵҲվһطҲͬ˹ںԶʲôĶ壬ȫ˵Ľ㡣
׾ܰ˸ֿҲ˵ص˵ߣصʡ
ǼʹȫסֻŶһߣҲ׵ķֱһˡ
ݵĴһһˣס
һı࣬Ŀһջ˵ݣһ
Ŷһ˵ǰȴﲻסĻһӡ
¶İЧȫĿתĶ
Ҫ֪˶ڴߵ»ᱻΪ˵ģǻ棬ȷʵ׵һ㡣
һϵʼġý˵ʾһ֣Ҳ˵ֻ̫˵ʹڿ̫ı飬Ҳʲôӵġ
һǴһֵЦݣЦݺһۿȥУϸĿЦݣȴܴиܵһֱĺ塣
˿Цϸı㹻˵ļһ˿⡣
ʵĳͦطͿˡ
Ϊֹ벻ôûܸгദȥġ
ֻҪһǸ־ԵЦͻð亹ڻϻ᲻Ӵʲôġ̫
ȵȷ̨ϵľǻԼԼĸоһӾʧˡ
˵ÿ˻ʱֵսľĸоð˳ò˵ԼͻȻ˵ס
ǾԲ˵ԼģΪҲñ֪е׵ĸоȻǿһԸ仯Ī⣬ֶοµ˵ġ
Ƕm
ţԽⱲӶǾԲϵġ
ǱߵĻ棬ԼԼʱȲ֣ȿȺҪʲô
ԼԼľãȺ˸ᵽȺһйϵȺҲ
ʱ˿˵ĿⶼŻǱ߿˹ȥ̨¿ֻн׷ЩĿûзŵ̨ϡ
һһԼĽɫĶҲȻһΪҲ̨Щ
ţôôң
һתͷĻᣬ³濴һۣ۾΢΢ɨһۣͿȺ֮һ۵Сˡ
ǸԼԼıȽҲһ㶡
˵ԼǲۻˣϵôͻȻˣ
Ӧòܰɡ³˼һ룬˵Ȼд˷ŸҲֻעһ£ôжô죿
ӦæǱߵ°ɣôеûܣ
³˼˼룬뽭Ŀģ֮⣬ʵҲκɡ
ǽôֻ˵һ仰
а
УˣǻﵽǸʲôΪʲôʰôΣƨƨߵķɱ
һ룬һҡͷǲܵġɴʱʱ䵽ˣѾ̨ˡ
һȥ
߻ڸȺ׷
׼ʰʰֱӻԼǸСֿȥȥ֮ǰȰ·ϡ
һСҲֻһˡ
ŷҲûˣҲֻǵһСС͵ƣԼžӿʼǦߵ֬ۡ
ֶǼȻ֪·ΪʲôͲ֪֬أֶڻ׸ңҶҪһ߲һੲݵ˵
˵ʱ򣬽ţһһ߿ǰӣѡһӽȥһ㡣
ļӶǵƻͨģƫƫ´Ǽܻ谵ӡҽĶüļﶼˣǼǡġ
ȥǼһɡ
ϴһ˿ŪЦߣһȺزص󣬾ȻҸ׽Բء
һƿţȻŹϣԼſŷȺ˾
ոһ£ǿȺ˵װ磬ǵͷ϶źɫĶң˿嵽ʲôӡ
ڶҡ
Լץסʲô
ſڵļϸպþͰһŮ˵·Ҳ֪ĸġ
ǰһԼϣӺ濴ϵҲûʲôˡ
·Ľǳ⣬ΪԼĻǵ˸ޣȻͷҪҸط¡
ôһתͷʱ򡭡
źȻ֡
ԭҲǿһˡ

ӵ棬һˣ
ǸһͷںڵĳʱѾɢڼͷ
һ澵ӣָϲϵͿĨš
ֵǣĶȻûһ˿ڽֶر˶ж
һֱûתͷȴ𽥵ĽӲ
Ϊһ
ǶԾױߵϣһѩ׵ӡ
룬һŶһߣն۾ƺЦ⡣

˫澵

¸ղױѾжһˣи˸С͵һ˹
һãȻ, תͷȥһ˭, ȻͿղص·ס
³Ĭһ롭
³Ĭ롭
²ٳĬȥԱߵķ, ʼжһˡ
Ǳһ߳ЦſڵЩ, һתͷʱ, ¾͸պάôһơ
ʵ𿴽ﲻҶ, ʵҲҶر½ȻתҪһӡ
ҺýΪˣһֱûſڵȥǱתһȦ, ֻ, Һҵ𱡣
Ҳ֪Ⱥ˵ǶǮ, Ȼͬǰ俴, ߵ, ӱһƿȻվͦˣǷֹ˴ӷܳ
͵͵תͷ, ˵ЩҲ̫Ʋû, ôùƾЩ˾ܶʲô˺
Ŀǰ, ͵ȷи˻˺
͵͵ŲȥҪûп˵ʱƳȥոһ, ͺȻм鲻ԡԼϻһ·
ղΪ·ģͷǳڿˣɵҲܲµĳ·˭ˡ
˿ԣ˻˼ҵ·ö룬֪Լ³ô
Щᡣ
Ƿʲô˼·ɪʲô
۳žҪߵˣС··ʱԼһ
ɾʱȻƳ˻ǰͭ
ͭǺܺģִһС̯һԪСӶڽӽǸͿ浽ʲôӡ
ǽȻһ˵ĳ壬

ͻȻ뿴ӡ
ʮֵ룬ر롣

֪ǣǸǳصˡ
ǲߵ£ʱһɴ
ʱһʱ뵽Ĳһصģһɴ
ȥʱڽֱԶԶ̧ͷŵǸӡ
ģģģƺվ֮УԶĸ߸ϡ
ΪԼⱲӶûῴʵˣ˭˵ûԸˣ
ڽ˵һֱһʹ˷ܵĴڡ
ʹڽΪʲôֻˣĴ˷ܸС
ȻǾԲ˽ģ˽ˣҲֻпһ£㰡
뿴˵ĿһӶ£ȻҲ
£ȴһǳõĻᡣ
˵ǰԼЩʲôҲԼҪʲô
ǿ϶ȥģҲȥֶ£ȴƽ޷ɵ
һժǸƽһٸ˶Ļᡣ
ǰһ澵ӣ澵ӿһ½Ұ
ƽҪվڻǰܿôڴһЩȽƫӽǣҲܿ
ֻܽȻһ㶼ˡ
ӿֳ壬һվţҪ߹
Ȼ֪ǸôΣյ뷨Ҳִ֪ȥsiĻܾͳȥˡ
ĳϣȷǸϲˡ
ͣ·ѵһĶŻ߻ᶨ˹
ܱ¶Լͼ
һòȡһַʽ

߸ոŽӦǻĬܵĻͦõġ
һʼɻǲѾֻǳš¡ģΧ˽شһϵ֮Ѿȷ˽ǳŻģһ󴳽ġ
ʵ⽭ŴӾ֮д˼ѾӾ۲˽һһ
˵ԽʵЩȫǲˣʱװûֵӣ߷˵ǲᣬʴȵķһˡ
ôţ¾Ϳ˹
ʱˡ
Ȼᣬ籾԰
ΪʲôҪܻ
ҧ˿Ǳ߻ױĻ£˵ܴ󣬵ܲĵطȴû٣ҲͻڵǸطеڵ
ǳϵǱ˹ȥȻµ½Ƕûֱ굽˻±ǸסССռ
ҲһĸոսʱСʱֹϵɫ
ıʮֵľ֣ͺʲô׷һ
Ļ׾ٵİÿһɫݵķǳ棬֪ʱ˿ԼΨһ¶Լİ취װֻŵɫ
ƭ棬ڵ衣
ģֿ־˷ܵĸо

´ӷľп˽һһܸоԼĶ΢Сķ硣
ڶƬССĿռʱ˿̣ϵķ۶Ѿ˲ȥˡȻѾͦࡣ
ӻµģΪûôȻӡ
򵥵»ܿöġ
ں£ܺ¡
´ûô־Ľ磬ûп
ʶĿʼ˼Ϊʲôô£Щô
ʵڻµҲδزǲصģ˵ദһʱ֮󣬻·ԼʱѾܸһЩԻ·ܾýϻ˲֪Ĺ¡
ڽô־壬µĵһӦǡĪЩʶˣ
Щ˷ʲô飬ԲŻų
˻ǰܾýе㲻̫ͯʲô󿲿ģʱ˿ǿϺ˵ĲԾֿʼʶý㡣
ɾʱĶߴһЦ
Ц
ЦһһûһӾ˹֪״û²׳һʹˡ

ڲͣĳŻ߲ţ־ֵ̬иɻ
ãȻֿ־壬ֵʧȥǵӱֵ쾡¡
Ҳ˽ʶĳСơŮˣݼܸһ¥
뻨ԽԽԽԽ۾ҲԽԽ
쿴ˣͿˡ
ȵĽŲԽԽ˿ЩֻһǰգҪڵ룬׵ᵽ֬۵ܹܵϵ¶ȡ
ھֻʣһᡣ
ЩŶǸᡣ
ûѹӣ
洫һŵ˲䱻ŵáҴܡ
ۿһͷҪϵʱ򡪡
Ȼת
һֲֻɫסĲӣһְֻĺϣ˿ûͣ٣ˮİѽֱһ
ûüһ۾ӣͺȻһͷ˻Ļ
ϵֻȺᣬȴʵʵڵİסš
ϵֻҲᣬڸļ񰲸һֻèһ
ֻܱôһӲƲ
һ˲һˮһͷ˽š

Ŷʱֻһ˲ǣƹ谵塣
˲ţﱧһŮˣŮƺ̫ߣͷĻС
ʲô𣿡ŵǸʵ
ȫһ㶣ͷ˵ǡһˡ
Цĸ½ĺ󱳣֪ҵ˭
Ĳסĳ
ھڻУȴ˲װʲô֪ӣɵֻèһ

ըë

⴬ϵ˻ǷǸ, Իվڱһ, Ҳ̫˽, һСľͳײʲôˡ
ˡ
ǧ״, ȴûһ״
뻨Ĳٽˣĳ˵ҲȷʵѾʵղҪ뻨һԸ
û취
ΪǰֻһƬڣԼһЩ·ϵĻơ
ƫƫôһ, ýļƻˡ
ƹ
ȷʵ
ʵֽС
ܡ
ǵ, ȫһ˿ϣ
ûô˵ᵽʲôн, Զġ
һְ, һĲӣĿǰֻĸûзɣͷһγʲôܵĸо
²˼
Ѿ³װ, ûв³
Լݣ²ǲҲݡϾȷʵû취Է, ⵹Ҳȷ˱ŵЩ˸
˼²͸²ڵûڰ
ӲͷƤź, ʱ˿ʲôĶҲʱˡ
Խʱȼװţһһ

ҵǸˡǸͦߵ, ϴźˡվſڵǸ˵
ڵģȴҲûһ˸ҽ
Ǹ˵ӹҲʲôδ󺺣Ī˾Ǹ˺Բ׵ߡ
±ųͣĽ, ﻹĥأôͻȻôأĪıŵˣ
ڱȽϾ, ղƱסȲѡ״еľװ֪ĵϺĽǲĳʲô¡
Ȩһ£ͻȻôһصķʽ
Ӧûʲô˰ɣ
°ͳŽŵЩ˿˹ȥ
ʵ˵ӽЩ˵ĴȫΪһϹӣҲܿŵЩ˴Ŵʲô⡣
⼸˶ͳһĺɫңڰǰ󲻵ֺɫҾȻ˱
Ҫ˵ⶫһûͣߣҹҪĳЩԭ⣬벻ˡ
Ҳһʱдˣʲôʲôһ
ЩԳš
ӦҴˡһ˵ţһ߼Ž
ǰ˵ˣ
²͸˼˵΢һġ⡱ԲΪǻģֻûӦַֻʽ衣
ȫ㲻ҪǰҲӵұĳʱп棬ҲĽǸӵұӡ
ȻڽĽˣΪҲ鵽ˡ
Ȼﲻ̫Եӡ
ǳϵ
룬ܻô棬ֻҪȫϺþˡ
˾Ҫ壬βۼ䣬ñֳһ־ɱӣⶼһѧʡ
Ȼĳ˵˾ӦǸŶΣǵװġ
ղŽװأ͸»һϻ£ڻĺ󱳵ʱ򣬻ǳʶʱ￿˿Ҳ֪츳αġ
ЩȻĻµǽıӰĻһġ
Ͳò˵Ǹˡ
ԼԱʱװһС˵ӣ⻹ŵ㻯ױаǽүװҲȫڻ¡
;ͺУ·֮󣬴Ӻ浹Ҳ̫һװ˼ΰߡ
¾ȻϿһ˿ӣ
ͻȻ˻ɣԽҲ˻ɡ
֮ǰº¶ͷ߲˲һסˡ
Ⱥ˿ľǸſһүĻүåƵһ˼ˣ˺ߵ¶
һġ˵ûô㣬ֶԶ㻹ô߸
˵һһװ˼Ĵүſһ߼ĻȻʮǮһĲӼһӿӿû˵ʲôĺ
Щ˻һ£ҲǿҲͻºǸŮ֮ûʲôˣһ֮󣬲ú⡣
ͷ˳Ի˸ҾȻûǸˣǾǴˣǲٶˡ
ʼգǳĿΪµı˲²͸ϱƸȷʵܸߵӣԴ˸Ե˼
Ҳǳġ˳ˮۡʣû£Ҳ¡
ʲô˰лᣬ˵һܰʿ
ʱһַǳ
ڻ΢һˣЩҵĶÿˣϾһеû´Ǹʲô
ǻ˵⻰Ӿͷǳɣͺһλģ˵һѡ
ǸͷĳĬһ˾Ͳˣ»鷳ز֮ǻпټġ
ţ·һɻôȷǲ֮󻹻ټ棿
Ϊߣʱһȥݷġ
˵뿪ˣֻʣ⻰ĬĬ˼ŵĻ£иӳĬĽ
һʱһƬžĻ̥˸ĥԼ飬Ϊղ˵ĻĬġ
룬Ȼ˸˵ҪˣǸ˵֪֪ڸ˭˵
룬ʱ򿴼һʵʵڵˡһԶֵġˡأ
ڶİʾ㣬Ȼ֪ڸˮ¡
һֱһõĲ²⣬ǾһֱһȺڰ԰£ܻԵʱ᲻һ֡ԼԼ״̬
ֲ²΢ЩãΨһܹ֤²²ģľ
һֱ벻Ļʼôģڵ״ȷʵˡ
˷Щ֮󣬻Լϸֻֻûͣ£Ҫһֱȥӡ
ǽеܲסˣѾԴƻһܵ·ߡ
ôʱЦˣ˵ԭЩ𣿡
ԡҧӲ˵
شʵʵЦһ
Ц̺ĸ齭˵ʲôůЦǿ϶ǡ
ɻͲֶ
˵ȫЦҲȫǡ
Ц;еë
ǵԱһǰ뿪ģǳŻһΰ쵽Ĳ֮ǰ͵˳ȥȻͷҲصܡ
ʵѾܵһͱϻĴˣȫûа취СıȻƣǾһҪˡ
һֱܵ˴ߣ涼ûκľٶ
ɻĽʶۿ棬ȴȻһЦ
Цǹһֻըëè

¶

ں濴Žȥ˵Ӱ, ΢΢̾һ, ˡ
ʵһֱʱûĥ׹Ҫ
״һ, ܾȫˡ
ǰȴɨһӣȻ˳ȥʵղҲվ治Զĵطûҽ
Ӧ֪߶̨жױĵطȫ벻»˵иү, Ϊĸ˳˼̨͵͵һԼᡣ
ȵڽӣƿ, ȴطͿһˡ
ʰһ, Ӻĵ, ֻʣһ˻Ǻվ

İ˫޾ɵèͻµĽһ׶Сϡ
ղ, ΪȽˣûиҳȥ
ʵЩ˵Ķͦģвٿ˶Ѿע⵽ˣұ˴֫嶯Լ, ȴĳǱ߿
˫ûʱ򣬾ͱȽϲ֡
һ߲ţһ߰ŴһССķ϶ȻһƬС, ĵƺ̡
ʱҲ̻, һô׬Ǯĵط̻Ų
̻ʱ˫̧ܻͷա
һŷ죬͵͵ĿȻը̻, ըٱһǴ¡
˵𣿡˫Щ˵Ⱥˣȫһ˵µġ
˭ǲ˵еǸڶҵˣ
˫ѻشıקק°Լʵʵš
ԣǸˡ
ô˳ﰡ
˭֪˵Ǹ˷ǳĿ£߱˵Ļһ鲻þϲɱˣƴĵĹҲİɡ
˫ڱ͵͵̾һ̻һ˿ʧڵҹɫ֮С
ڵһһĸ߶׽һ
ڵĽҲԽԽΣˡǱи˵Ҳ֪⽭һʱֻʲôӡ
Ҷûʲôϵ˵ǮվС顭Сǲ岻ֵġ
һ̻ڿնʱ˫鱧ϥǽǡ
۽ǺȻһӰǰ˹ȥ
ӰЩ̫á
˫ߺȻͶǸӰ棬Ȼģʧ

ûµʱͱȽϲ۲˫顣
Ϊ˫һǳȤˡ
˫ҵԽԽƵıƼˣǱûϰ忪ʼ˼ҪҪ˫ͬѧɵ﷢չˡ
ʵ˫ŲϺţȷʵͦģĵȷȷעԼĳࡣ
ʱܻӭһѧǻڿЩΨһ
˸С䣬æжױȻ·æȥˡ
һỪ»ϵһ´ϵߣǸϽһ·ܵʱȻ·ܵģ֮ǰϽѻϣȻװ
һôţһƿ˫ŵǸССĲֿ⣬һƿͷܺڡ
ֻһȦͿ˫Լһ˱ȹŸԼʵʵİ˴ϡ
ôأһʣһȥʯ
˼˫ȶԻµ˸Ǹһˣʯͷˣ鷳ˡ
һСΨһһһʯһߵ͵ơ
ղŻ½ŵʱڽ˫飬һ˲ܵһʮֹ¶ĸоʴʯġ
һʱ򣬵ϵƣܲԵô¶ˡ
ʵһֱ˫żĳĹ¶ĸоô¡
Ȼ˫Ҳʱù¶ܾ˫жĹ¶ͬ
˫ֹ¶һָεɡ
һұģżԼһ˴ŵʱ򣬻ܾһ䵥˹һ
ҲǻΪʲôŸĹϵ
˫ѾϰˣǻºôҲһˣ˫ʱʶ¶ĿͰ͵ӣеĲ̡
ʵ˫Ҳһˡ
һ˵˼·ӦܴӻߵĿϷʲôԾĵطˣκ˫Ĳһˡ
ǼɵľûǸˣһǸ޵дˣЩΪᣬһֱŲ
ڴˣ»˵Щʲôأ
˫ͬѧ֮µǴûкԹ
˵ʼ˫ֻ֮ڽ˽⣬ôģ֮ͱڷӵĹ˽⡣
°ѵƵϣ˫ʣ㿴Ⱥ𣿡
ˣղųʱײϡ˵һ
˫Ҳһ䣬²̫ߡ¾ϹһӾ뵽˫һ𡰲ءڵҵǸʬ
ѵԷΪǸڵģ
ҪҵǸ˾˵ΣգŰеķ䶼ˡ
ɱ˺ܶ𣿡
˫˼룬Ȼ˫ӦɱɱûɱܶͲ֪ˡ
˫»Ǻܸߵӣֱ˵Ǿʬ㲻õģûǱȥһֱڿأڶѾ뿪ˡ
˫Լ۾ûûΪǼ¶ġ
㿴Ǻܿĵӡ˵
㡭ֻոЩ˵顣˫ҡͷĴǸˡӦֻҪѡ
Ϊʲôô˵ֵ̽
ΪҲǷӡҪͬࡣ
תͷһۣ˫鲢ûע⵽ע⵽ˣܲ޷İѽĻȫ˵
ʵҲ̫ǡ˫ϲĶһЩбļһǰƢļһ
˵˵ţǲǰһ˵㲻úµġƽʱûʲôƢҲˣǲᱻǶϵġ
˵˵ţ˫ץ˰Լʲݵͷ
¾Ŀ
ǸӦǲǵģҲǻģԾӳˣЩӦþ׼ץȥˡ
ĬĬ룬⻰顭Ϊʲô˫鶼֪
֪ΪʲôҪôץ𣿡˫Сĵ˵ںڶ˵µģǸڶֶַǳĲб
ӳǱһˣӦҲİɡ
б
ϱǾö䶼ˡ
Щͨͨõģġ˫Լ˵һѺͻȻʲôһ̧ͷŻ¡
±һŵĸоûУôһΪԼǲʲôŵıˡ
Ϊ˺ܺãȻƽʱܰԸ񻹷ǳļǿ˵ֶᣬĺÿҲ˫һָͷǲҶ˵ģΪˣǴĵ¡
¾˴Լܾ˫鴵̫ˣ˫Ļûʲôŵĳɷ֣ԼʵС
û·ǳ
ҵڷ֣˫һֱһûֵǱʶ
Ǿһֱû¸ԼԱȡ
һʵĽʲôǱʶһǳϣӵЩ
ºȻ˫˸еӵĺˡ
һ˶Ի±ֳЩαġֽڱ΢Ľľʲôӵģ



ļ, ·үһǰһڳ, ֱ̾
һ˶ĬĬྐྵ, ྵǽһ㡣
ʱ䣬ǰְҵɱͬѧ̵˽⵽˹ӵһһӣޱߡ
ӡ
ʲôྐྵӡ
·Ͱ̾ĺ޲, ྵļ㡣
Ҫ˵·ͰΪʲôôԭ򻹶ֱͦ˵ġ
·Ϊһν顣
ΪۿҪŰˣȴ˶ˡ
ɡϵĹ, һнԵ, ·еѰ죬µ, ҪȻʲôŰһģҪɡֻҪһڳԵģ;ٲġ

·ԼͷȷʵҲȰһҪģе㵣ȥûа취ڡ
ǼǰôģŹӵ
Ϊ·ӤҲͨ˿³˰ݡҲǳ壬ҪҲһˣ¡
˵Ҳܸʱ԰˾йϵܵ˵ۻпǿ, һྐྵӣһ߸Ŀǰ籩֮һİ⡣
Ҽһµʱ򣬶ȥݲ񡣡˭֪۵ĻһᣬȻһһܹĴ𰸡
·ͰͬʱǺˡ
˵ģ·Ͱ۵ӣĪľе㶪ӡ
Ȼ书ܲǼǰҲûҸġǼҿܱȽʺϸһֱֻǼڸ顣
·Ͱ۰˰֣ʾð
·ǲ˲Լϵˮ˵˵ݰݹݰݷʲôһ⡭ֲǾ̵ģʲô񡣡
ι⻰ջȥҼȷʵ̣ҲȷʵҰݲʲôϵǸ˶ϣǮ𡭡
ﳳֵģžĵطȻҲһĨɫˡ
·Ǽֻ꣬˳ȻǸղֵû⻹ûн
·ʱլת˰죬ȥһʶµǸСת˰죬ٲöȥתˣҲûֻµĴڡ
ʼ˻ǲѾ˸ƱˣϾµͦЩ˵Ҫġһ̫ǿǽҵҲûЩʧٵڣҶ֪Щ˵֣·쿴Ҳû淢ֻµ֡
ǻµȥأ
·Щļٵ˼еϣѺ˻µϣΪֽȷʵһ˾ܡҷģҪһǿˡ
£Ǵʱ˿̵ǸҪѡ
Աߵİһֱ⸽һˣȴһֱ·ʲô
·˽£˳ڵǸɫУ²͸ΪʲôҪǺɫȫ˶Ҫƾܹͣҵĳ
Ȼ⻰·ȫٰǰ˵Ͱ緹緹ǰѰһѵġ
·תһᣬȻְ˽լҪȥʲôط
һ£˵Ҫȥģ͸ȥְȻҪȥһ·һ£˵ⲻҪȥݲɣ
·ܳͶ·ڽ̣òҲܷϿѧɡ
ǰݲĹ˵㡣
룬˰ۣһƺƵĳǱ߳˹ȥǰ棬ں棬Ⱥ˾ôһȥˡ

ر𵭶ĸȺƺƵĳɽȥ
Ǻټ˰˵صһϡ
Ҫû˵߾Ƿ⽨һӽһͰŨŨġƭǮ֣ȻͷҲûʲôɶģط൱֡
ϴ󹱵ӣеͶڷıǵϣϲǴϵļӳݷ㡭
ûϵİݷ㡣
Ȼϻ洿Ƶѡŷ𣬵Ƕ˵ֶǿŵġ
˵ʲôƫƣе㲻ĸоԾʶҵӣӦþһ֡
ǻˬɾ·ٴ˳ŶȻ·ص㣬صϵĴӣӣһվһȺ˱˼Ҷ˽
ӡ
ſڸƹǮĺһ𱣬ЦرġͺǵϿķҪһ
ɴ˿֤ӾԲǸĶ˵һƿתĶôǸĶôԲԣ
¿һ˿һ첲ֵߵʱѾǳȻˡ
һӦǲᱻģˡĥӦеĿĲн˼
⻪¾ͲˣԣǲԲָѰ
ȥתһתҸסһ졣𱿴ס֮󣬾תͷŻ˵
µͷһԼŵ·Ѱ˼ž绹Ҫȥתǹȸ߹ǵҵֵ
Ȼתǻ¾ûж
˼Ȼˢһһߵķɹ̫С磬һЩ˯ۿžҪ˯ˡ
·Ͱ׷ŰߣһõﶼṩͬĹͲͬ޺ģүһҲڹ̶ķλһ̶λá
Ͱ˭ûԲүǶ֪ˣ˼ĵطߡ
߼ˡ·ﺰҲһرˬӡ
ҲԶӣۺ·ۿıȺûԭû֮С
ǳ棬ֱɥʬƬһûʲôɥʬƬܿƷڶζ
ǲҪǸɵˡ·˵ͷӦ
Ṧһ˵Ƥӵ±ݶͺͺеһƬ
ܲڷ棡һ𲻵͵ĺж
ǣʲôûе㾴ηԱߵǿ˲ڷϣҲˡ
ǸϽ
·Ⱥȥתͷ԰˵
ûǺܿ뿪
˺Զһ˵Ƚٵĵطʱʧ
´ӦһžϷģ̫Ŀŵױ·ûʲôķʡ
ǣ۳ЦΪһʵǰɱ֣ЩڵĶ¥ЩɱһˣȻݷĶlenļһﲻһ
£ôҪװһ¡·
㲻룬Ҳø˼һӣͷһӣû԰ɡ㿴£Ҷװװˣĸ˸֮غ
Ļ˵꣬ͺȻͣס˽Ų
ʱԤϣҾ͸ݵӰһ
Ͱ۸˵Ǿ仰ͬʱԶݶϣһˡ
˴Ŀŵأڷ½שݶϣһеɹ̫
·бΪһӶᷢ飬ھôˣһһ˵Ϸ绯Ч
̫ڽשϣݶյůġ
¾Ⱥȴһ

ֵ

ϣ¥µĺпɣ۵˵
·ĬĬĵһ, ҷԴӿʼҪ, ˵ܼǹġ
Ϊҳʵ۶·ŬŬ, ȥȥ
·ĵͲǺȥ, ϾȻһˣôôòԾ
˯Ժ˹, ԼԶǱߣ˺վ˽, ǲͺļʢĶһ
ʲôΪʲô˻Ϸõݶ
˿Լ, ַ˸ǣ۾˯
ιι㿴, ˡ·
ҿˣָͷҡ·˿ڿˮ
ǸĸʢˣʵͰݶΪѾ, û뵽иŵ, Ҫ·Լ˵ҲûҪڷõĽש˯
שͦȣȥӦͦġ
·ĥ, ͿݶϷȻһֻè
èƤëˮģƵݶߣôҲֹһˣҲųɹһɹ
èպ·˯ĵط
ŵС鲽ȥһʱȻһָֻȥ
èһ뷴ȴתۼͳ˵ߣë
·ű°ͷԽԽߵè˹ȥۼȥˣҲȻ͸˹ȥ
û̫ǰ˸׵ӡ˱ǣذ׵°ںڵͷɢһأǣ̫Ͱۡ
·۲һò
ϿĻͦ򵥵ģ·һ㶼ûߣèǸ˶ĴӣѹͷһֻϵĸĽӡ
ӵĴڸرĸߣ·ڽӦǸʶȷǳߵװˣϾ⽭УЩ⣬˻ϴôصΣ·һʱ仹벻Ͼĸ˻
·۾èɹ̫Ͳºй𣿡
˯Ļ±۾ߣèأ˯Դ·ʱһ˹
˵ʲôô·ˣʲô
Һղת˸ټ·û·ǰ·ƿڵǺİġ
һ˴ӸղſʼһֱҲ²˭
ṦͦߵģӦòǻƽǸӸ磿Ϲš
ǲҲɹ̫𣿡˵
ǲһ·ǷصأΪݶնԭǵģռ˼ҵĵط˯ǹ˼ˣ㿴˼ҵ˭ڷݶ˯ġ
˵⻰һ㶼ֹ̤Ҳһ
èӵĿһۣȻſڻԱߵĽשϣýשԼСƤ
ǺǣҲǸ˰·Ļ󣬾ȻЦһ¡
˵⻰ʱ򣬾ȻһŨŨĸоȻ˵Ļûг·ϣΪҲ³˴ôɵģԲʲôɵܹɳ¡
ֻ·ľУ赭д˵仰һֻ
һҪˣνֵʵֻǲһʵ
һ㶼ܿ
·ڵ״ʵͦΣյġ
Աߵİ仰ĬĬĿ·һۡ
·֪ΪʲôȻ۾￴֮⡣
㿴ôģ˼ҲǺ£֪֪Ҳ֪Ƿķǵʲô
˸·ĸоʮֵ棬Ҳ߽ôĳʽĽˣ·ԼⱲӶû취ôԼǰġ
һĻ᲻࣬˶ǴУ·֪˿λ׶󣬵ֶԷݻһԤС
ȻĴдһ˿⣬֪ʲôʱƮһƬƣߵ̫סˣܵ¶΢΢Ľ
˴ŵֱߵèҲŰ
·ͰվԶĵط·ӰȻôһ˵С
оԲˣйһ֮Եˡ
ǡþѻĶ·еץӸεӣһʱ벻Լʲôʱʶһλڷ¶˯ˡ
Ҳ߰ɣҪˡۿͷ˵
ԴۺԽԽϵǰɱ֣ĵǡһȥ᲻ᱻܳɹְٷ֮ʮŵĽ˶ĵ⡣
׳ʲôȣ۸Լϵ·ԼĹӻ᲻ܳ
Ҫ˰Ǹһ˵ţҲһվ˳ԱߵèҲҸط˯ˡ
ôôأ·ɲôɸֵĿŸ̨İ۵ų೤ʱ䣬ȥˣ˼һŮôԶ·ۡ
磬㲻һأ㰧̾˰ޣҵĶߣе㶯˯ž˵
⻰ﰵ룬ӦòǰҲǸҹӸ磬ǸˣϰͦԵְ
¥һ꣬Ҳе㶯˯ž¥רѵʱҹһӾѣȴֻз硣
㣬ôô˵أ·һӱ˽Ҵϵף֪ô£ĪЩ졣
ǲ˵ڰѵСקϣȻϽˡͷ
Ҳ·ʾ˾ܾ
˵˵ͦˡϵİۺȻһӻˣ·˵ڷ֮أôأһ㶼ûзġֵطǱ¸ʲô
˵˵˼ʳʲôʳ˼Ҵȥ𣿡
˼ҸڴѸھûһȰǰʱˤ۵ǲȥСŵʱˤģߵ꽭һ͵ǲǶǸͯӣֻ߽ܻǸڶϲϲС
ͷҾؿְ̽鱨ģǰ϶ҵʱҾͿһġսľģ͵Ƶĸأ
·ĬĬбۿ˿ۣûǴĻǰ¥ʱΪȽۣҲܺԾɳȥ̽鱨
һСʲô̼Ծͳ˸ƷϵʵеԷԸֻǲ֪ĸ㣬һը
⻰˵˰ôʵģͷʵ³ôõġ
ǵģϣǲ˼鱨ʵֵñ
Ƥ·ҲڰһͨɧԼ洫鱨ˣĬĬĹ۲һ·ߣ׼ˡ
˭֪ʱǰèǸ˺Ȼ˵Ҳ˵ǸڶӦòϲˡ
˵⻰ʱ򣬻ϵèּϷʵ˵ⲻֶʲôóԵġ
ϸ˼˼룬һۣȣҸϲԷ߾Ѽӡ
ѼӣӽǱ߹ģ·˵һ仰󣬺Ȼﲻ̫ԡ
ϸĥһ¸ղǻﲻԾʱԱߵİۺȻקȻʼ෴ܡ
·ûӦЩקһͷ
ͷ䣬ȴְ۵ɫ͸Լٳһ




Ѿܿ, èתͷһۡ
΢еãȻ
ˡҪʲô
ק·ǰ, ·һãȻ, ʲô
ܣٲܾˣ۴Īŭ˵
ݶһ̵ܵһϣȻ۵Сۡ
·ͷһۣȻתͷֿ˿ۡ
Ǹû׷տҲ, ʲôҲûС
Ҳֻû׷Ȼһ
·ϸƷղŻµǾ仰, ƷƷžƷﲻ̫Ծˡ
תͷҲ۰ۣȻĥζ˵ղǸˡǲѾŹ
һ˵ֻҪû׷ӦþǷŹˡû˵
ô֪ģ
ǸƢر֡һ˵һߴŰĵطȥϲŪ, е, ᶼû׷Զ׷ˡ
·ڰ۵󣬲֪ô, Īһ˿µĸо
һǰһĳŰĵطȥʱҪ´ˣǸ˶ܿļһƬ, ĵϿһЩ
·Ͱţ濴˰ңϵ·ȫǱ塣ӣҲЩ޿ĸоô첲Ȼȫġ
·Ͱߵ˰ǰ̾˿ҪˡǿȥɣҲˣֲ̫ˡ
˵˰Ҳû·Ͱ۶һֹţĪϾһ㼦ƤʣɣΪʲôҪң
Ҿá뿪˵ʲôȴ·һ¡
ʵеĶ԰ҺȻ֣ȫһܰųûԭġ


ҲòƸ̸ӣԴǻȥʱҲһֱЦϡ
²֪𱵽׸¾˶٣ղǽשɵ
˵Ҳ֣ʱյģƵģۿžҪˣòүĿ۰ɡ
¾ߣֹһСĲ
ǿȥϻҪءȲ˵ϵЩû˵ʲôֻĬĬĳɡɽȥ
ҲǵģղҿȥˣתһȦûҵģҲȥתתתȥˣתͷĶŻ˵
תˡ˵ֻûҰˡ
ӵ¿˻һۣȻ˵ˣҲ˵˵㲻ö롣
Ļ˵ѵ̫߳ˣʲôʱô˵Ȼһ룬¶ʵĿġ
и˽ҸȥȾƣҪ㣬˵ϴο֮󣬾һֱġ
˵ԭء
ǵʱȾˡ
ȥ˲ϴʱֱȥľ¥
аĥ˼ͦ߰һ˵ǾԲԼϵ´ģΪ¶׽Ƹ񡣵ͺϸȥһ¾жˡ
ϵһʼСǣı㣬¶ں޵ֽɡ£ںɫӰ£ɽϿȥ
ֻϸУɽɫԵԽ࣬¶ڴԴɫ֮С
ɽ뽭ȷʵЩԶǿӱ޵ģҲȫ˲ŵĴϡ
Ҳ˰һʱ䣬˿ʱˣȻһֱµڣҹϵƵʱҲûͣ
һֱС꣬Ҳûס
³Ŵ⿴ȥֻȻϸ꣬ǵҲȫˡ
¹ҵֽǰյǱʯɵĵ
Ĵϲûбû谵෴Ϊϸ꣬Ƕһ˿ʫ黭ζ
ſĴϣŴԶȥŵȴǻӦҲյźÿֽɡĹڽš

ǣô𣿡ۺžƿǰĬ·㲻˼ĵͦ𣿾Ͳֱȥ˼Ұݰˣ˼йڵĶûô£ǵϢ
·ĬĸԼһƣȴȲȥ˵һ䣬¡ǵʱ£ԽԽ°
ʵáۺ˾Ƶ㿴ǱǸ㻹ûϢء
·⻰ĬĬĳǽ˰İȥ
ȾֶǶµģһһ룬·Ҳ̲ס²һ䣬Ҳ̫ˣ涼ûô£
ҲǺǺ½ҹڹҡ˵ôôаţ
Ϲˣ㱳Բײˡ۵˱Ƶ
Ҳͦ˵ģȫôʱ䶼ûҵˣȻôĪײˣҲ֪˻ǲҡ
ҪˣǰȫģҪ𡣡·Ȼ̾˿ָָҹ
ĻҲȥ
һƬʣԶĽͣŸɫĴ浹ӳŴӰӡ
ϸţż˺Ů˵ĻЦ
·˰죬תͷ԰˵羰𣿶˵컹ģʱǻӡ
۲ÿɷ񣬰΢һ㾫꾰£Ҳ԰һ£һߺŹ̵ľƣһ߳Ŵ⿴ȥ
µһܴĺɫֽɡһ˳ɡǰ¡ǰиһյƣ·
΢ЩʪʯǰţʱͲòϣȷʵʫ黭⡣
ͷǰǰߣ¥ϵ·˵ŻͺȻһźɡ˴߹
ʱ˶Ѿע⵽ǸˣȿֺĳǱ߿ȥȴ˵ӡ
ǲǸˣָʡ

㿴һҲ֪ǸˡһḻӣڹǲƤ˸Ͳ
ԣ㶮·ûĽϵס
ҵȻʮͼһġ
ǿǸɡ̨ףȻӰʧ
ǾһƳ·ﶼĪ˵ڴĸо
°ɡ£תͷǱ߸ӴˣȻֿ˿ƻԻ͵ľ¥ĬĬҡҡͷȻȰźõķ䡣
һߣһĵĹ۲ܡ
кܶ书ˡ
Ще书Ҳ͡
ĬĬİͷת¥
Ⱦơһ¥ǸϣżܴˣΪ׵ǸǸ࿴Щ׶ˣಲͷͺͺ¶ͷƤ
ΧͬΧһȺˣỪ¥ߵʱǲԼͬͣȻ۾š

ֽ

̨ȥ, ܿ͵ԼС
ǱиС̨, ǱߵļһѾˣʵ˵ϱܺ, ǵҲûôݻ, Ҳܴպá
Ǵֵģ˭֪Ϊ֪, Ͳһүǡĵô˷ܡ
Ӧֻ˵и˻Ҳû˭
ĪľǺܲ, һȥʱ, ЩΪǸӡ
˵ְ¥Ϻź, ·ȻѻƵ˺ڶ˵ϣΪǸرµ, ǽһоȻͦġ
ô
ǡ˵ĻҲǸЩ̫ϲ˵ͨˡ·
ǲͦõ˵
Ҳͦõİ, ϾҪײһЩ, ǽͻزˡ·ͷֵܾͦġ
֡Сﵽ
ﳯһ, ڲ֪˼Ϊʲôˡ
˰죬˼浶ǹһ
һԼѽһԱߵ˸Ľ˾Ӷ࣬ϰŽ˹ƲϲЩġ˵轣, Ͱˡ
仰ͺܳ
ϰ˼·ҲʵǸţôһ¥ˣģ˼浶ǹɱĽ˵أ
˵½ӹԷĽʱֵ˵ߣ˾Ľҿеġ
ƵϰҲǸţ±ΪðѸһģʱ򣬿ǵҪŪߣû뵽˼ϰû뵽ôһ磬ֱӾͰһ潣ˡ
ϰ塭Ӧò书ɣµʡ
ȷʵᣬôˣСãʵ
ûʲô
΢书ģӦûᵣ費Ķ⣬Ͼ潣ģһ潣裬ͦ˶ɲǵľҪ衣
ϰ岻书һͶ˽ˡ
ΪᣬԾϹĺá
¾Ž˵ҿ
һϸˣ˵׼ǲҵķֳˡ

·¥ϣ澹Ȼ˼ӣм˸ỨǾڻ²۹֡֡ˣỹһҪʲô֪
Ա˿ʼ˽
˭ྐྵʵ
֪·˵ر
˵ʱһ¥ȻһôЦǶ濴ȥղŵǸһֱŻµĹͷЦ
·Ȼ֪ԷЦʲôԷͲ̫Ϊʲô¶Цġ
·ĪЩȺ˵Ц¥Ͽȥʱֻһͷһ˳
Ķ˿˾컨ƣбʸж˾һַǳĸо
°¶һһʺĴ΢΢š
ۡ
·ǶһǱ߿ȥĪĸпһ
Ư˲٣ΪˣסĶһЩɫˡ
ǰȻס˰ϵ̫һ޶ˣ·ηʱǵûио־壬¶°ӡΪ
˵Ӧ˵
һʱ侹Ȼ˷ֲ壬öαװԼǶƤ
Ϊʲôѡһ·֪ͦġΪһ˵Ư˶ӦûһŸƯߣ˻ϲ߰ɡ
һ¥ȺЦûͣ£·Ҳ֪ЦЩʲôһЦһָ¥ϸոճˣ·ɻʰЦʲô
֪
ǸŶߵ˴վŵСдһϻӣϻȡһѳĽ
·еĽӦñĲװЩ̫ˣһĽ룬Ҳ˺ܶ໨ơ
ǿ̰ӣ˺ٻֽΪͲԡ
Ǹžһµĺк󣬶һѰħɰһ
·ûĻǽӦҲһװýһǷڼװõġ
ȷʵһװý
¥¥£ģſģٱƵģǱ߿˹ȥȻһ㶡
ǱΪóһ٣һӣǳһĶôȻһѽ
ѽʱҲ㶹룬ϰ书ᣬôܸʲôרŵĽأ
ϰмװνԾһѡ
һֱ֮ձڽЩĺġ
ĽǺڱеĽҲ˵ڵĽɱˣֻǿֽǵĵһӦ廨ͷ
·еһ¥ЩЦʲôˣ̨֪ϵʲôԲЦáѽڴ󲿷ֵĽʵǵǲô֮á
·ûЦҲЦЩ˺ûò
˰װνװν£˼ҲҪ⽣˱ԵģֻǵݵģȻԽŵĽԽãȺЦʲô
Ǹֳֽ˵ûһ¥ĺЦ¶ʲô飬ֻǴ¶ǲ֪⻹ĵЦ
һ̨
ý·ֹ
ͷʲô˶ýˡ¥˺
Ҳϳ˻£뽭ҲԶ˴ҲȥϹ䣬ȻҲ˵յ֡
ֻŻӣδֳеӡͬʱҲЩɡ
˳ֻǷţýСİԼˣǿɾǸЦˡ
·ߣҲΧ˵̸н˽⵽ǰˡ
ίػӻ֮ϣ޿ǣ޹ңΪһ˰ˡ
ػ֮ϾֻһҲʧ
ϰЩ£һ˸Ҫӭһ½˿ζȴû뵽˸һסҲ˳һ¥˴Ҫ¡
½ʣϤһײ΢΢ĳһ롣
ǰѺýļľɱ˵ľǺý
ˡ¥ºȻ˵
˲߶濴ȥֻҲԽԽ󣬾һĵһ
ڴϵЩӣѾ˻䲻һȻĪ˷
ʱ𡣻³ŽȻӿһԼ˵ĸооԼŵĽڶ
Ȼʺģʹƿһ̣Ҳͬ˷ܡ
̨ĵȻĻǱ紵һҵĶ˼¡
ԽԽҡ
ⶶĻ磬һŨŨѹȳ˵ͷ
̨ϵת
ŴߵںĵƹǴЦݵġ
Ȼξһ˸ĵƹ⣬ǵ˿ЦݣԽԵýѪ

ɽ

̫ԡ
̨ϵ˳ֽһ, ۾;ΧķΧеֵֹģû˵, ΪԼĴ
ΧԽԽ, ʱ˼಻סˣѾվ
رƯЦ, ЦȷǶЦһ
, ȻᣬҾãҾе㲻Ծ޴˵
˵⻰ʱҴ˵ֻܴɤ, һεѹ鲼ռ֮УԼĶſ
ָо书Խõ˸ܲԽֻëĸо
书ᶼܸоѹķΧ, ͬ˸ܵҲͬ
·һ, ˼ǽŵȫǺˣ˰ǵһӦǳ̤뽭˾ûôš
ھ¥ϰ, ỹЩãȻĹ۲ǸΪʲôͻȻء
ǶҲɤＷôһ仰, ڿʼ͵͵ĳܵˣͬʱֹͬ뷨İ
, һҪţ˵Ļ¡
£ʲô£
Ļ꣬ͿʼӳȥѾӵ¥棬, ҲЩܲ˵˼ֻǰ塣
ʱһ紵˹аرͻȻż淿̨յȻһϨ
ղŻԼЩСȻһƬҲκζֻޱߵĻĵƻԻ͸뿪
һкȻƺǲҽе
ֻҲֱ治ʵģֻǶߵһõ
̨ǸֽΧһûзһЦЦĿˡ
𾪵ĿŰۣۼɤ漷ϸڶ
ôһҪܣҪֿꡣ
۽ø˵仰
Īľð۶̨ϵǸ˹Ϥ£Ҳû취ʰô£ֻǿſ
ոһڳĴ˶֪ܳȥˣֻܼװ򶨵Ͽ
һʱ䣬еռΪг˭һ֮ǰȺ˻Źವ˼˾ģ˽˻Ϊڿʲô羭Ϸء
ڴ󲿷˵߶תʱȻֹͣ˸ȶ֪ǲǴ˾ȸոոһЩ
ȫѹֵķΧ֮У˿̨ϵǸˡŴŶߵַΧ¾Ȼһ˿˵ζ
˵໥һجκһν֡һ˵ѹС
ʵ˵ڲ˶ܰ·ǿԼģҲʱ򲻿Ҳûʲôɸɡ
ʵ֪ͦǸ˵˭ģΪ˵书Բͣ͹˵ղΧǸɣϵɱͽɵġ
·˵ý˼ʮ˶ӣ˶ڽշ硣ͨΣյĴڡ
ȫѰӦþһ¥ղЦʵǼˡ
ղһ¥һֱƵһˣʱһסһ
ʼΧ˸оɱҪܵʱһ˶İģ·ر뿴ԼøСȥһã᲻Ǹ顣
ղЦǸ˱·һ·ӽǻܿġ
Ǹ۾ɵԲҲգһ£رļҷȺܴ󣬿һˮˡ
·Ǹһʲôĸоʱ˿̣һ˵ֻĸо
ȵȣЩ̫á
ôƻһʼǸ书ǿһˣΪʲôҪίһطȻأ
˵ĽڿлһԲǻ߷ĺÿʱ˿˵ŵĻһ仨ôǰĳһ˳
ŵһѱ
·ᵹҲĶ˸ղŰ۽ǲҪ˼
Ҫ￴
ѹ͵ĵƹ£ǱԶһ⣬á˿ҪλһЩ
ΧڷŵĻƿŶҵֻȷ·ѾʧˣΪʱΨһĹԴֻ̨ϣ˵Ҳֻ
ʱ·Ѿʲô¥һտĵطֻƬطһ̨ӡ
̨ϵýһССĶûʱֻܿ΢΢Ķһ£ʱ˿̣һЩɧ
һֺܼĶһ˶ýκĸоǶӦȡڽıȡýˡ
ղ˻޲ܵԽԽãʱƣ˵һ¥һҲİ
ְᴫȾһ𽥵Ĵ¥
˶ͣԼĽŲϵĶ̨Ͽȥ
һǴҷڳۿ޵ڶ취̨ϵӵž˵
ֻҪ˵һۣܸоײĵһֱһѰȴҲĻһ̱˻档
ܹøոջо־ǴʱȫһΪǰһʵ̫ˡ

ǸˮƽߵˣҲһ֮˵״Ĵ
״ȻЩأһЩĶ۵ġ
سȥ޷ľǲ֣ɫԱȣһ̬һϸ΢ĶһܹضΧҽǸΧ϶Ķ
谵Ĺ£̨ڵĳѪĺ촽зִоĻƣŲ԰׵϶γһܹ̽ĵ׵Ļ档
ÿһƺز٣Ķÿһɻȱһ
·֪˵书ǳĸǿ˵ǿֲͼĹ۲Ķ
ÿôʱעֲ˼ӣͻᱻϡ
Ĳʲô˻ʲô¡ֻǰ𺳵ʵ
֪˵һжǻһֽ棬ֻȻһѾȫǹҪȥ뷨
šĥĽñ˿·뵽
ȷʵԱܶ鷳һ²⡭ֻΪ˲Ӱ쵽轣ʱЧ
·뷨ЩңǰĻ̫ʱǺǵ˼άȥ˼
ͼȥϸʱܾԼʱķĻôһ㻭棬Լ۾һòԴ뷨˼άǰ衣
˼άǱǿмһڸеĹɽֻܸ£ʱ˿˼άѾԼƣǶһץ
ܿ¶
ǵġ
ҲƯ
ǰһ˶֪رĿ£ȴû취۾ƿ
ǰһоһܶĻصһĻ
˰ʱ޵ˡ
ǡԹԵ˵˾仰˵һʱȻͣʵԼ֪ܶԼո˵ʲô
һƬž֮УֻǸ˶衣
Ľĸšߣżͣĳ򿴹ȥ·ڵעʲôȻÿһͣ٣·ֶһȺ˵ľ̾
֡ԱһĺܣǲΣ

ץסŮеġŮ

Ǹڲ·֪, ¶˵Ѿˡ
Ǹ˴ͷβ϶ЦЦҲ⻭еһ֣޻ʵ, Ī˾üһ֡
, ˶, Ⲣһֵ΢Ц, Ҳⳡݵһ֡
Ǹ˴Ц⣬Ŀʱû˲Ὣ˼, ȴľ˵Ц
˵ͷȻƳ·ߣ·Ҳ֪ôô, պþͺ͡˫۾ˡ
һߣ·Ҳ֡۾رߵͣҲŶϿܸϰĲ֡
֣һŶߣΪʲôƫƫҪһ˫۾
·ŷ֣Ƕ棬һǳԵĶ˫۾˫۾ڸָĻƺͰ͹ƽʸ֮УԵһ㶼档
ϸȥ˫۾ʱ, ͻ֣ᷢ˫۾ǰһ˵۾ġ
·ոע⵽˫۾ʱͬҲ·˫۾֪ΪʲôȻ¶һ֮ǰȫͬЦ⡣
Ц·סˡ
ΪЦֱЦ, ¶ȣһӦڴʱ˿̵Цݡ
Ц˵İʾֿܶǸ˲Ȥ顣
·ôһ˲˼žʲôǸЦˣУܹʱ¶ЦģһΪʲôر˼Ķ
·ﲻڷһס
ǸͣʱҲ룬ܿ죬۾תһߵЦָֻ˱ĸо·ΪոֻԼˡ
һˡ
ϣʲôԷȤأ

ȫѹҰķΧУµıĻ
ڵµûԼոһ¥￴һק裬亹
·һֱ󣬴ʱŸоһ˿ƣΪոҪŬĹ۲һ¶ԷǴģȴһֱ˼·󲻵òһֱ֮صǻ
ԾܶԷ轣һʱ䣬·ỹǸоһ˿ĵ׷ƣ
ûٶͣʩȻ󻺻£ٽԼеĽĽϻ֮С
һ˲䣬ƺնŷһ£·ʱžԼؿڴһ޵ѹȸкȻʧˡ
ղ΢Щ򣬶Ȼҵȼ
ڼž﷢һžˡ
ֻǸ˻ĴӺ£Ȼʧ˶¥һֱıӰʧ˲Żѡ
ֱʱв˲źȻԼӦһݵİ
ĽкĸʼҲǴɻ͹ǵġǺܿ죬ǵصĽкǹ˲÷ǳ
ţˡԱҲǹƹĵʵһҲǸոջع
·㱼Щֹ֣۲һ£ŷһ¥ʵǹڰˣӸղŵڶûʲôӡ
˻࿴˿ע⵽һ¥ԽԽ࣬͸Ŵ¥ȥ뿴һ¥ļ˵׷ʲô¡
·һˣҪȥһĺ󱳡ֻûдϵʱ򣬶Է͵תͷ
ͫ׷Ŵţɫ·һЩ˵ĹŹ֣ʱ˿·ûʶԣǰȥĺ󱳡
һ룬һĺг
ֻǵһ˵ĺƺһһʱһ˶ɤӿʼͺһȺ˹һƵġ
ռ˽к⣬Ȼֳһ˺ѷε
·һס˶䣬ôУະ
Ҳŵͷ濴˹ֻܿһȺڷƵĺеˣҴ֪ܲҪȥĵˡ

»ȥ֮һ״ⲻ״ȻûػҲûЦҲûߣûһԲϵİĿȨȥǻ¹ҾΪˡ
ָ״дһһôǿԶһ¸˵״صͨͨ
Ժϰ˽ȻҹȲɶģҲǻ¸ղŵıʵ书
Ͼúõ룬ĸϳֵطʵʵԼ˯һġ
˸ͷһᣬ˵ˣԭڴʵʵĴһӵģӻᱻ˶ˡ
ϢȥҲһʱɡ²֪ΪʲôЩ飬Ȼ֪ϢĴٶȣһ¾ܴ£ʱñִ졣
¥Уϰ˿Ҳǿ֣ڽ˵кܶණȥˡ
ʣ̨˵ĽʵȺȻڳ˾øȵǡȻֻǵĹ轣ģܸոһ¥ڳԵǼڻһƵӣ˻ܿҪĿ轣
ȵݽͶһ뿪ˣʲôҲû
·Ҳ˵ĳ˳ʮϷ绯ĸоʱ˭Ҳûɱ˵ģ˳ʱ˭Ҳûġ
֮Ĵһȷһǳʾ׵ıݣֱתۣ˸˼·
һ˻ﲻͣķŶнߣòĴǵ׾ʲôģǷǵûһܴĳֻܳȺ˵ĺй
·һЩ²⣬ǵʱܵɱͽֻǱ߽ϣʵʵ˵Ӧþһˡ
ʱͲòмʼʱǵĻʵţߡ
Դղſʼһֱͷ˼ʲô顣ԴɱֱҪ֮ͺٿôˡ
ʲô·ʡ
ҷ뿪¥֮ҲвõĵطЩϢղˡ۵˵
ˣʶǸ𣿡˭·ʼԼһ¿ܵˣҪɸѡԪذ衱ŮܺáЩɸѡɸѡȥҲһʵġ
Ǹû·һҶ·Щ֣֪ǰ۲˵˼·룬Ҳûо飬ˡ
תͷȿˮͺȻƺԱƿװõĸһ֦ȻڱİԴǰǰ˺üȦ
ǳĹ죬·ֻһ֦ĲӰڰԴرգǰɱֵٹȻ˵
ŰֱۣʶʲôֵĶԼıҺתͷһۡ
ʱһ˻ȥһʲôûӡ
·ԱΧọ̈̄һͷˮû˵ʲôи˵һ仰㲻֪𣿸ղ̨ϵǸǸеġ
·Ϊһ仰ѲŤˡ
ܲ˼ɡǸ˸п˵ǸŮ˵·˭ҲϲˣͬģҲǸץסŮеˡ



еģ
·ȵתͷ
һ̣Լۺ񶼱ˢˡ
⵹˵ΪеĲܰŮ, ߽ʱʱ, ҲװŮˣҲٻᱻ˿
Ϊ, ֪ղ˾жô档
·ҲǸе, Ů˵гǧˣΪ̫ḻ, ʱһЩŮˡΥ͸УǸŮˡ϶еè塣
һֱ, Ůⷽ, ·ǺŵùԼֱģֱҲ˺ܶһ١
ǸղŵǸˡһ붼۵Ķһʱ䣬ûпʲôԾĵط
ǿɲʲô򵥵һۣǿһ㣬·֪Լʱһ۾᲻Ų״̬
ԼǰԼѿЦʱ˵һ仰, ѿЦĵĳ̶ȣǲֻŮ˿ĸԸͣһطµʱһѷ̹
ʱ·˵ǡ
ٻ, ֪ΪʲôĪ顣
·ԾĵͿһ, ƿˡ
е, ŮģʶġЩ߰·ƴһ
ЩһЩĲ롣

Ҫ˵һֺܽӾЧǿǿ
Ǽ˺ѷκ˲һͱ, ĸҽҩȥˡ
˶ûж࿴һˣɻԹԵ죬޷ҲΪﶼ⼸³Ǻ顣
ϾոյǸĽô߳Ǳˣһ˶пܵġ
ڶʮǻôģҪǻҲÿǽ߳ĽˣЩ˾Ϳ϶ôˡ
ôʵǿΪĵط
ҪȻ˵䷸ء
Ⱥ˷ܵ۵ݶĸ߳˻һʱѪֵط书ߣľͻǡḸǿǿȽӿ͡ҲС׻ݡ
ڻչʾһԼ书㹻ѽڳЩ˶ſ£Ǿһ㶼Щˡ
Ҫ˵ʹһѪˡ
˭˵ĴлȱǮܵĺðɡ
书ߵ˾ʹûΪǮģĴһ׬ͨ˼һѡ
ԽϾûбĴֻԼĴ
ҴеԼƢЩоȥһЩֵֹĵط̵򣬻ȥѩصɽû֪ЩǶЩʲô
˴еǸزʲôǿԵˣϾǸʱҲ󣬿ΨһеִҲһЩС񱣬Ƕѧ׷
ڳ˶øոֻһδѪıݰˡ
·۰ۣ֪۹Ʋ˵̫йǸ˵飬¶ԷǸǲѪأ
ǰɡ۵Ͼ⣬Ҳ벻κɡ
ֵܶ࣬Ҳһ
·ͷֹһôôȻһ£ʣΪʲôŮô񣿡
𣿡ζұ΢ʡ
ˡ
۲֪ͷֹʲô仰·û壬ۺ̧ܿͷ˵ϲܶܺÿĶŮȻҲ֮һ
ֻܡԸӵĹһ㡣ЩһѾ˵ҵĹ۲죬ϲЩŮĵطԼģµĳټŮ̫ˣģ¼Լ棬ϲҲǺһ¡
·֮üЩ֣òϣȻǸĳЩҲܷˡ
ΪϲƯĶԾģ³ϲ𡭡
ʹ·ԼǸĴܲҲòλˡ
ϾҲֻһŮԶѣûŮԵԵ̶ֳȣҪԭָо
·ԼָоŮ˱ԣӵķ

ڴйķԷ￿һԼü洫鱨
˴ʮӺԼĸ첲Ѿˣ͵͵İѸ첲˯ŵĹͷ³˳˳ѹŴˡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԴϴ֮ʹһ˵ӦǸӴԿ˵С˸Ů֮ѣҪֵ֪طݵתֱǲ˼顣
¾ͷǳ
ϵŮ˴඼ģʱʱĻ¿ˮǴ󲿷Ҳûָ¸ʲôӦиŵ㣬һ΢Ц
һͦÿƢͦãСƷ.ȫ..ѵͰô᲻ܻӭأ
˲Լ¶Ҫȥһˡ
̾˿˵ôһͦ۵ģһ뵽ЩŮ˹Ҳͦ࣬Ŀǰ˵벻ôЩ˾ȳ۵Ҳ۵ˡ
ѡ
ЩĻˣѾû˺ܳʱˡһʼΪţ¥һЩС֯ǵˣǾûҵ˭ġ
״⼸Ҳһֱر𰲾ڿʱһֻΨһķӦˣ²״еܲǺܺãΪǸһֱ¶йء
Ҫ鲻õĻҪȻǳȥ䣿̽飬ʮûзӦʮʰ׼ҹȥˡ
ֻҪ״ûǿҷԵģͿȥԣôû״дǸ漣
ϸҹߵʱ¼ΪԼڻΪЩطʵ̫ˡڽֱߵһʱΧֳֻĸо
ʱ򣬻¾;ԼֻǸԹߣǸߡ
һҹ֮䣬վͱһֿȵ̸˵ʱ˶벻ĽǾ˵
˶ڲ²⻨Ŀĺԭ
˵ֻһĽͣҲ˵ǸǵĽͣ˵ֻǴΪȤ
Ȼ˹ĵǻյжôÿյ˲
µ񣬻һǳֵ˼·
ôһֱҲĻߵġҵԽԽλĻϰܵóݷһʮԱɣ
Ҳ֪ô˼·ģǼĹԱеĹݷøľ顭Ȼ߲ݷǻҲûޣ˽˼ҲںҲġ
ҲԻʲôֻͬǵΪˢӣҵԲܸڴ̵һô
Ǹ˫סǵСݡ
ڽֱߺȲʱ򣬺ȻһȺڽϺֱײְԵ
ĿǼ룬ǳԼڵӡ

嶯ħ

ֳڸָĵӾ濴, ﶼᷢĹһ, ֻ˵ֲ֡
ﾲĿ, ս뽭ʱҲĳ˵Ϥİ, ΪʱǽһЩɵˡ
ڲͬ
Щȫźڶңÿ˿һ, ڽҲûǰȥסǣˡ
Ϊ, ʵ¾Ѿ֪Ĳˡ
Ⱥ޼ɵ롣˵ˮĿģм䷢ʲôν
˻֮Ҳ㶵ãȻĿЩ˹ȻЩ˿ʼÿһˣȻ֣ǲû˶Щʲô, Ҳû˾ʲôֵġ
йȻȭͷӲ
ĳһֻ°ͣţЩڶ˾һ֪, ŵ, ǵǵĶͷ˾Ǹ޶ĴħͷҪʲô鶼ԡ
һߵ˻µ, Ӳ˵
ػϡ
µ˵
һ˵һ߻˻ԼϴӴϴһСװ
ԭ̬ȻǳӣһϾͱˣ̷Իµ´˵˵꣬ת뿪ȥһˡ
¿ԽǸ˼
ػϴ˹Ȼڶ˱ͬһȺˣ콭׷˴ϣΪ𱲻Ⱥˣһġ
ǾȺ˹ȥСԱߵĵС˼һ
꣬СǸ˶Ż¼üŪ۵˵¿µӣѹʣ೤ʱˣ
ʲô೤ʱ䣿˵˰ɡ˵
¡ܻ˵׼ֵʱеһ
Ⱥ˿ʼʱЩϰǰûȥׯء
ǸʱþѾС֪ˣ˵õʱ仹Ҫ磬ܾˮָ󲻾ã߾Ϳʼ׼ˡ
ⱳ˲á
ס𾪵ɫһᣬЩ뿪󣬵Ҳųһʣÿʲô
ˡ
Ǹ곤˵ˣǲˣģһҲʲôһ£Ȼͷˡ
ˡ𣿻ʶ뵽
ԣǲ֪»ϢôܻӦԤϵȥ˵˹ҵӦȺˡ
뵽Ҳһ˵ҺûôҲҺʱ˼֣ûа̽ȫ
Ⱥǵ찡
ߺ󣬻Աߵʳ˵
ǵҲҲһ֮СֹиеŬŬҿ˱ħǱ߶ԵħǱô˵ҲûŵһҼҵץ˵ĵزЩ˾Ͳʮ˴ʳˡ
˵أ˵ǹٸǱҲܡ˾˵û£˵
¶ƱһڣԱߵ˵˵̵˿ɷŻˣ˵ҪȺָ
̣Ŀǰڵһɣ书ȽаԣԭǱߵģԭչĿǰҲСйģ
ϱ¥ʱǷҲǻģ¥ûӦҲǿֳɫӦ֮ڽŴڸС
ô֣΢Щ΢
͵Ǳߵһ˵ˣΪϴǹˣ˼ҳϵֶӸ𡣡
Ǹ֪˶ٱֶӣԱи֮ԱǣҿҸڶѣЩ˹ģչ̫еռ˼ҵĵˣԲôż㿴ӱɱˣûôż
ԱߵִһЦ
ֹɡ룬˵ɶҳԸˣǾ֤ڵЩˡ
ҪάԼ棬ǵбȸʲôҪҪˡ̳֣ҲûֹǾ˵˽»Ѿ˲Э顣
ʲô԰ǣǽͷĴ£Χ˹ȻͷְԼһɶ
ͷβĶޱָɽţ´۽硣
ҡЩϢܲ͸硣ܷպܴ󣬵ѾĽ˷ա
ΪΪֹ²Ļ˵˭
뵽ʱ򣬾Ͳ״ƺе㱩꣬æ˼·˳ȻȰȰǱ߿Ҫը״СҲԼˣȫûǵӦ״еĻ䡭
ԭϱûۿûôģڿˣ϶Ҫ̬ը״ǸӵԸ񣬹ƿ϶ֱըȻһȺɱȥġ
ʵⶫһ룬Ҳ֮飬˻ʵѾʹˮˣһ˻Ҳ˻Լ
ʱû˵Ǹ̬
ԸҲʵһǳˡ
״һССĺӣе㴫ͳ
״Ϊ˵׷ɱ˼Ҷأʵ״б濴ͦ׵ģﻹǸͦͳĹ
״ϲСȹӣϲŨױǾ˵˵ѿҲڵ飬Բ
ʵҲ״УǸ˼е

ȵȡ뵽Ȼüͷ뵽ʲô
ڲ²Էݣôλ˼һ¡ڵڶԷҲӦһɣ
ڶԷУʱ˿̵Ļһһǳˡ
ѾôƵĶƴĸһϲıǩбûԡԸ̬ȵȣҰôԵı
ıĵӦڣֻҪɹһЩ̽ӻʲô¾ͻᱻ˲䷢֣ȻһŪ浽Ǹʲô
˭֪Ⱥħ˼£ɺ޶ġ򶨡д֮磬ʱһ㶼ûǣĵһĵ̣˼֣ڸӾٰһηӼᡭ
Щǲ벻֪һ뻹ͦ˺ߵġ
˰죬˵ԼڵӦһʲô󰡣
֮ǰûʶһľԼӦͦ⡣
ϾӦûһܹ˼Լ£Ȼɵңʲôںİɡ
Щ˶֪ôһʵһֱûˣΪıûȤǵΪֲѡ
ƺԼ˶ԷһԻ·һѰס챬ը״Уп򶨰򶨣ǵȦףǲϵ
״ƺ޷ƽӣͼУңҰ˺òã

ɱ

״вûֹͣŭ, ˻²ҵĽѵ
ֱӶĿȨ, Ȼ˻һ֮ѸʧֻһãȻĻŶӰ
ȵ֮, һãȻ, ˵״Ƣ׽ԼҲûиʲôôͻȻͰ״еİȭء
ҡƢķʽҲ΢һ㣬ֵ͵˵һǧ˰ٵΪǳһʲôİԻ·
´ǸܹԻ·, ʳˡȻұ, Ⱥǻʱְһȭ
ðɡҪ, ͿҪʲô취ˡ
²˹, ǰЩһֱû죬ȴƵͻȻ, Ǹ˶ְ
״вôΪһֱڴߴŻ¿ҲԽԽӡ
ӲͬѰ̬û¿ʼ˼, ԼֻԼ˼άȥ˼ˣȻϿǸʵˣʵ˻ͦҵģ״ȻԷ, ЩʵǸ׼ĹŴ˼άǸ˼·ȽϱĹŴˡ
νԸ˵Ҳ֣Ϻ˵ķô˵Ŀ״ʵڱ˵ۻ൱ġ
ºȻʼЩĪĺǸղŻ˼ôͦķûʲôõأ״еķӦ֮ŷָôһ¡
һַǳ
Ҳòһ£ܱʽŭģǴﲻϣԼΪСȺڵˡ
ѵ״в˵˼άԼǲ̫˼ά¿ʼԼĬĬػ
ʵϡһЩһĵط
ǾĲرһ㣬һֶôܵ顣

ԭ»˼𵽵׸ôǲҪԶԷʲô˵ʲôǻֵ׹ʱ򣬻ͻȻĪĳǰ
Ǹܺõ磬̫Ҫɽˣ񵥵deadlineҲϦһͿҪˡ
ʱûбͺǵľ״̬ö٣˶һ߶߶״̬
ۺ·ǺܹĽģκʱİѾʲôȥˣ·ķǳҲ̶ãһӵҪȻֱŰɣֶ˭ܿóѵҪԿϵ˴һ𣿡
˵ĵס۾ǰ⼸ˣӦð˭ڵһ
·۾Ϲѡָһ˵
۾˺ɲɵģ硣
Īһ¡
֮󣬲֪ΪʲôĪЦһ
·ʣôˣ
֪¥׹۵˶ע𣿡ϵǣû˵ʲô书֮Ļ⣬ɣ˳ͭζĻ⡣
·ҡҡͷ
ǧ಻٣¥ɱǰʮǼλͷٷʮҲôˡ
·֪ΪʲôͻȻ;⻰û취ӡ
ǿ˱ҲóôһǮҵͷ
·֮ټĳĬΪĿǰ״Ҳģ˵¥µע٣ôµע϶Ҳͬ١
ȻһֱҶ˵Ĺһûеͷǲ̫ˣ϶ԣҲֻһֱȽСĲͷЩǣ̫ǷֵĲãǣɱ֮
ڰǸҪӵˣĽһˣ̾ͻʲôʲôɱ档
֮ǰųԺ⣬һ˼ҵʵûôˣǵʱȻӿһ㶼иҹϵġһˡ
νĵһˣ˵ͷǳйͨϰŷֶʶ˱ᡣ
ôһˣôųİǸĿһЩССĲ𣬵ǴܻǶԵģǹ͸ߡ
෴ĿǰȷʵмĴУÿһӱϿƾУﵽһֱϵƽ⡣ͬʱ˭ҲԸеĳһͻȻͷȥһˡ
ʵǶ֪жǿ
ʲô·Լû壬ָһ䡣
ûûʲôȴܿ⡣
·Ű֪ܸ˽ʶȴû뵽ôߡ
ʵӡֻһڴ˵֮е󡣶ı̸ܶӼĺ档
硭ҲǸڶзǳĵӣֻԷڵͻȻʧٴļƻ֮ǰδûаѶԷֱϵһ˼ڶԷһѶûУûס
˵ҪȻͰ׹۰ŵһˡǺȻȴԼղ˵Ļ¿˵
ǰְҵɱ̧֮ͷʣΪʲô
Ϊ¥㣬ҰڵһӦܻסҡĵ˵ֲһ䣬ʵڲУ¥ܲڲ׷ɱҵĵӰɣϽһɱ־Ͷ׷ɱˣҾȥӡ
·ͰûϢ֣Լͬ泤̾һ
ǰʱżæŵȥǸڶиʲô·Ȼô˵
۰ۣ۲֪ڶо磬˵еޡ
ܶл룬ϣܽˮ֮Сһ˵һεĳ̾Ҷ˻е˽⣬Ȼֵͦģܵ˵ҸûʲôڡҾͷӦòôģ˭֪ľȻ
ô·ʡ
ˣ˵Щתȷһڻǻŵġ
·ĻԱߵİĬĬĶһۡ
˺ȻԼͬļĸ첲һһҿʼǰߣһһ߱һ߾ֵĺȵȣҪʲô
Ҽǵá·ȫ˰ŭ𣬡ǰǱҵ˸š
ԣءһǷϵ˵Ҿô˵һ£طû취Ūһʲôġ
û£ҿɱˣѪû
ȵȣҪʲôһһߺ
ôһһߣߵſڵʱ򣬺ȻĽֵΧһطһ󾪺ߵ꣬ҲϢԴĵط֮һ˲Լͬ˿涼µϦ˴˶һ룬׷״ӶԷ۾пãȻ
ʱˣǲʲô
˱ƣӭվϦ֮УһСƨܹһһߺҪˣҪˣ
ܣʲôܣ
´ûԼ߷ϵҪʱħǱ߾Ȼסĳġ
ָ˹ڲбɹϵϣǵ£Ҫеǳ߲Ҹһ˵ǻ˵ҪöͷβļһĿ¶ҿһ
ǶСô˵΢һ˿
Ӧ˰ʱͶ֮󡣡
֮һӦöѾˡ
Ϣʱ򣬲ûлţ෴ﷴ˵
Ⱥں˵İΣ𣿲á
ף޷ǾǶķͷ̫ʢˣǲѹһͷģǻƻˡ򡱣һҪƴѹȥ
ͷֶǻҪŪ
ǣ֪̽ʵ⣬Ⱥ˵һĿҲҪ¶ˡɱ
ϱһ·ø߸ߵģ֮С
¿ǰ̻Ի͵Ĵڣֿ˿Աڿ֮ߵ˫飬ѵõƽȡ˫ˤһµʱ˳ַһҪСĵ㡣
˫ĲɵġšһȻȻʻ£գ֪֮𣿡

ߡ

µʱ׼ȥһ, ˫仰ͣ˿˫, , ˵ˣôˣ
š˫ͷҲûʲô¡ʡ
Ŷµ˵ͷ, ûм׷ȥ
¶ڴϵ˵Ҳϡƽ, ޷ǾΪǿȥֵʵϺȤһ̸ʣʱһЩ
Դ֮ҪħǱ߱ȶ鴫, Ͼ˫۾˹
ȷͬģǱĵط, Ҵϡ
賿ڴ˯ʱ򣬾洫һЩϸ΢ĽŲ
ЩԲǿ뿪ߴϵϢ, ڼװһ
Աߵ˫ûһ˿ѵļ, ں˯֪ҲԼüˡ
Ǹ, Ǻܶ, Щ˻Ṧ, һ˶ǲ, ڻµĶǡৡ
Ҫ˵⻹ſأú󱳷
ûһڴ𴲣˯, Էʱȹ죬ʱÿ賿ϵʱĵĵȴŵա
ڶյҹ˫˴۾׼ȥϴȻʼԼһĶ˾ġ
ǽǵС¯ˮ꣬ȻչĿˣտһ۾ֵġסһתͷʻ£ʲôʱˣ
Ӧʱ˰ɡھǰͿͿĨĨһҪӴһˣĴ˸С
ûô˯ãζһϣһѲӬ˭ߡꡱĽ滯ɡ
ʱˣ˫һ˵ţһţû¿档
ŵһ˲䣬ƺûзʲô仯ɻôСôխģ
²ŷֻΪûһ˿͸ԲԵӡ
ôˣ¿棬һƬʱѾƵˣһƬֻлδȫɢ̫ڵ¶һ˿
һ˿ͺʳʱ̫Χ¶˿ڰɺĹ⣬ΧĽյǺһŲֻĹ⣬ܼȫϢˮ档
·еıʣ֧ϵһʧˣڵʱЩǵʧ˵ʱһжԵ˵Ŀ¡
ոջȷʵûȥ棬ῴģҲЩ¡
˫ſֱʶ״Щ£ڽѵʱ򣬺ȻԶһС
Ǹ˵ģǸӦ÷ǳĿֻţȻָᷢ߰˶ȵĻ¶һܷһȻָһƬļž
˫վſڣնġžһͰŹˡ
һһתͷ˻£ǳĽӲ
һյƽʱ᲻õС͵ƺͻʯѵƵȼ
յС͵ưյ͸Ҳ΢ɢһЩ־УûԸסСڴʱ˿̾Ȼ¶һŵ㡪ӶдôĵƹƾͻᱻˣĵСֿ⻹ô޼ɵˡ
ô£ǰû֪ͨ𣿡˫˵΢Щ͡
ԼȻҲ֪˵վסţֻǰû֪ͨĻȫû취͸ղһȼмҵĽô¡
ᵹ˴ߡ
ǰЩһ첻֣ϾҲ֪⴬Щľݵ֮һỨǱߴӦҪ£ô߿϶ҪսԴԱ䶯ġ
û߱䶯ȻôĴѾǵԱ䶯ˣҪġ
˫ſſھ
̫ˡ
ͷƤ顣
ְ뵽˺ܲõһЩ
ֵΪʲôͻȻ飿ǵԼ˯ǰ滹رֵģʱ򣬺Ȼһûˡ
µǾǰģһط
Χһƶûĵطʼ˼Ǹص֯ѵԭĴ𡭡Ȼȫû취ΪʲôôϲⰡ
ԭƣôʶϵľֻһйϵżѹӣʵǳ񾭲ˡֻϧϹӡ
²֪Ϊʲô۾ԱƯһ¡
˫ûôǿ࣬˺Ȼ˻µߡ
¿˫飬ĬĬ˿λøȻ󰲾Ŀźĵơ
ϺΣˡ˫Ȼͷǵ취ȥ
¿ն˫飬ﻹ΢Щȡ
ķΧһ˶Ϲ˫Ȼ˵ȥ֣¾Ѿúܲһˡ
˫鲻ֹ˵˵ѣжҲǳǿ
ڴϣһԵķլһʲôҲöͿ˫Ǳ߹߹ȥʰŸҪõĶ
˿ûΪһḻĽʿһѵ˼
˵˫ʰĻͦȫġ
ӣʯӣӣСѡӦǲ˽Сģ¶֪ôġ
Щ֮⣬˫ȻͳһЩʵСͲ±˰죬ϳӦǸ
ֹĴĪĶ˫һ˿֮ġ
Ǹ˲Ű
˫һж׼֮󣬿ۻ£ƺЩӣµظԼʧ̬͡ȣİɣһġ
˵仰ԼԼ̫ˡ
˻仰˫鲢ûзĶ١̾һϨյƣȻϣͻһһյ
յƣ˫ĵ˳ȥƿŵһ˲䣬¾Ȼ˵ҵĻС
˵feelϤfeelܵ˼ҵů
֪ʱ͸óˣȥ˴ĺÿһ㣬Ӳϵڡ
˫קŻǰߣ¾͹ԹԵС֣˴ĲС
Աܼ緹Դ˫Ŀ
ս˫飬ٵĴ˫ͬѧ֪ʶǷḻģʵ̫˵㣬ûлԱ߸ţ¾ӦӲȥط
˫顭ڻǽذɣŻ´һȣ˵ĳ档
Сʣ׼ȥģ
СĵЩ췢ִϵһ˳Ǳ߹ȥȥ֮밶߾ͲԶˣʱȥܿιȥ
˵֮󣬻û¿ܻẦ£תͷǿеЦһ£ûµģҲǸ£û£ǲ֪Ҫò´ȥأΧôڣ˭û˼ǵġ
ȥ˶ðȥ˾ܻؼˣôʱûȥһкܶİɡ
ੲݵ˵ţԼµҪ뷽跨û²Ҫš
Ӧû¾úȤһֱýһĽ˲һЩûʲôҪʱĸоѧʱͬƵġ
ǡһҵġں˵
ԭڵ˵Żµ仰Ȼͣ
ϣ˶ᱻϲġ˵仰ֵͷЦһ
Ȼ˵ôһ仰һӾûˡڴϼӲ˵Լ飬⻹ͷһ˫ˡ
ܰɡ
ؿŻա
ܺڣܿյƤһӨסϸոͿһ㱡ķֻۣü˰ҲǸޡ
ôŮӣһ㶼ˣʱҲԼСԣԣ˯Ҳûʲô顣ôǰ˸һǸеģȴôÿأ
СôһѣһߵߣܸÿһˣһͶĽĿ⡣
һˡŻ̧ͷѰ
¹£İ۽Ҫ
ˡôᱻأ

ͻ

һ·, һʼ˶Ǽžģȴ𽥵СΪΧʵ̫ڰ, Ļš
ԭؿҪ·һأǸǣʲôҲû
ϵһȫʧ, 𱣬깫, ˣƽʱŵЩˣȫһʧˡ
ͺʲôһ, ºͽʣΨˣ˼Ҵָм©ˡ
ɭֲȷʵЩǱѰ»ãصС, һͶࡣ
߶µ˵Ƕȥ˰ǲ˭˵Ҫ´, ˣ
»֮ǰڻׯĲ, ƲЩ˿ҩ
ºͽ˺пΪסĵط̫ƫƧĴ͸, Էǳҵıˣ𱶼αεķΧڡ
Ȼ֪βܵĻЩ˻ôΪϴڻׯʱʹЩҪȺ˸ʲôȴ˵ֻ֪Ƿ¡
ͷҲֻڻµתһȦ
ܾȻҪȳ, ﲻЩŮˣһѴӽǱץЩȫˣǽҲ͸ˡ
شŻ¸ӣ¾Ͳ³˵С·
С·ȷʵ밶ߺܽΪ·ר˶ģıȽΣᱻ˸϶ԣǴϱȽϺ÷ֵ֮ܵһ
ԽǱߣԽЩ⸽ʼˣЩǵϷҲܵľͷ
Ǳ˸˰
̾˿ҲûеֻǾĿŽҪʲô
ʵ̫ļյĵкܾأοҲҪôøȥ
ҾáȻôı仯˵֮ǰǸźڶҵйء
˵
Ϊʲôôã
ֻҵĲ²⣬Ϊʱ̫ˡ
ȫûпĻգֻǰԼ뵽Ķһ˵˳밡ǰ춼ûʲôģΪʲôƫƫأ
ջͷһֻۣ
ò˵һ˽ʱ򣬿͸СƵġؿŻıеĪЦЦ΢ɢͷĿֲ
ڿ˵ܶйǸ˵顣һųȥ·һ˵
Ŷ㶼ô˵ģ
Ƕ˵ǸܲбˡصҲô𣿡
˵֮ûʲôҲûϣܹشʵҪ˵ӻտһˡбиǲܷ顣
˵ǸȻܲбֵкܶӶıӻ
뵽Ȼôһ䡣
룬˵˻ֵͦģ˵ôһбˣΪʲôҪֵôһȺأ
ô֪ģʡ
ôֵ֪ôһȺӵģŷӵ£صһ֪ˣȻЩ鷳
ŻľͷһҪоһµţشŵķ϶һһ
Ҳûżߣͣͨ϶͸Ĺ߷ı仯
ȵķǳģһͷһҲûС
϶ĹȻһ£֮±صɫһ±ò
شŻպòߵģȴȻ϶˾ȻʼԼжôĲ
룬δǸԼйص飬һ·϶ûˣΪ˶ѳڸסˡ
뷨شŻת˼ȦȻԼ뷨Ȼȷġ
ֹ֪гڶˣϵģǲصıȽεġ
΢Щ״֪ô˵תתȥģֻصʼĵطҲܵΪ۲죬ﷴٵһ
ЩҲ·̫԰ŵٵģشӷ϶۲죬Ҳҵӡ
һ¿ˮתͷʣǡˣһҵ󡣡
ƺקס½ǡ
ʮУͷһηԼȻôçһ档
ǴڲϵģƿſŵȨ
ǡؿԱ㹻ѽķ϶ϾɵҪƿĻҪ˷ϼʱ䡣
⼸ʱ䣬ƾɵһܷҹҹèӽеʱ˾ͿóһıǴ
Բô
˼ۻգȻͷ˺ݡ
ѻƵ˸ԶһĵطȻʾվű𶯡
ڰУŻ˫ڵ۾˵ͷ
˻ȥڰǰԼһܣȻҧһŵſǸõİӡ
߿һ룬洫һ죬ڵҹɫзǳ
ذ۾ܸܵԼȥĸо
ǼӵʱһƬ磬ʲô벻ȵ۾֮Χˣһĸ
ֻĹ㷶ΧڣȴƵõ֡
ڿʱصһ
˵״ѾǳΣˣĸ˼ܹܵ
£кܴΣգǰ϶ˡ
Щÿ˶źɫĶңͿܸߣոһ£ǹŸոſи˲߹ȥģôһ¸պõŵǸ˵ϡ
Ǹ˵жʱͣ˼룬سῴԼߵһˣ˵ֲûôǿʱ˿̺Σ״̬±ˡ
ƽʱڻ˵ĲеĽؾȻͳԼеСɹıƽԼһߣһˡ
ֻֻסӣ׼Ӳػ
һ̣оȭͷԼϣЩϡ
ֻļһ죬һ߾ȵ̧ͷȻһɫıɴһ˫ɺ۾
ղŸһ㶷ûɵ֮󣬡군ˡ־ԴתһȦ
ȻʱȻһ޴
ýûзӦֻ·ڿһȻؾ͸оһתӽǺȻ˸ֵĵ
ԼȥһˣǸ˵ƽƯĸһϴϤı顣
ֱ飬ͺԶڵƻĵطŽһ
ƽı飬ĿɿڴĿŻճһѲСôĵ⵶⿴ܸоһ˿֮
⵶ĻղʮǧؿŻֳѵһֿµǰĸ˱ˡ
ո˽ˣõʱӣÿûʲô𣬶򵥴ֱһƻӵԱߵϣ˵ķѣը˺üƬ
һƬͲŽص۽Ƿ˹ȥ
Ŀɿڴ
סʲô



ƽʱĻڶֻһʿݡ
ı̶ýضŵսľؼǰ״Ϥ, ۾գһµġ
ӵĹ, ͽǰĸˡ
վһ߰м֮УĪЩ֪롣
һߵĵ, ݸ˽, Ȼ˵ǵøϽ뿪⣬ղŪ̫ˣϾͻ׷ġ
ؿŻ, 죬ƺĻ, һʱֲ֪֮˵Щʲô
, , Ҫȥģ
ߡ
մڴϿʼһȥ, ؾԼȫǽһξ֮, ﷢鶼õû߼, Ȼôȫ㲻ڵ׳ʲôء
ﾭ߶, ˶ĻտʼԴϵ渵, ˮҲ̫ȫΪΧˮҲпˣ, ܵҲܶ࣬˳ܻصá
ʲôûɣֻĬĬĸڻյ󣬿Լһû˷ֵС·ߡ
֮ǰȥϵˡ, ЩôˣӦöţܹŪǣٴһߣǾٺòˡ
ȵȡղԱ˰Ľ˵㷴ӦŴ˵ĻƺҵһЩϤУҲ˵˵
˵ǻڴϣ
Ȼյ˵ͷ˵
ؾԼƺкܶ໰Ӧ˵ô֪ģһֱסһ𰡣ǰҹ͵͵ȥȥôŻģ˵ô㲻˵һⱬô£ȴĪı졣
ȣԼʱûǱŻ߰ɡⲻһԵ˼ȫֱóĽۡ
յһƽ͸¶ᣬתͷʣ㺦𣿺µĻһȥҲеģ˳ԭ·صǵӾͺˣŹϣҵġ
صʶľܾ˻ȥ֮ҲûмȰ˵ȥ˼ֻ˵˾䣬һûеطȥĻͻǵӡ
ذĻܼͨͨᶨĸ󣬻պܵ뿪˸ոյǸطһƽʱԱ˯ĵطȻƿš
ȻʱѾǺˣȫţʱ䣬ʱӦȫ𴲵ģʱȻôϡˡϢһֵ顣
ߵһ˵ߣһ¡ȻӸոտʼһжýе£˱Ƚڴƽµĵôʱ䵹Ƶľܿó
һֱԻĪθУô⴬ദʱҲֻлˡ
ûӦòģնÿӳȥˣ͵µ
ᣬҲͷԱڴϵˡ
˱۾ƺ˯ú죬ôĶѣΪɫ̫ڣԽҲ̫
׼ЩʲôʱȻƺ˹ˡ
ؿ˻գûڣͷǳһ˷
Ȼƽϵ˷ϣصΨһ¡
Ṧʮˣʵ˵ͷһθֱܵӴӵֱӵĸо
մӺקڻȥһ˾ռ޲˶ſ档
ռôطܾЩ飬ΪоӦûطվˣתͷһֻۣվռһطһֻżڷ֧֮
ȥǿ
ظոռ˻յıһ󻹶жôǿûʲô̫ĸ򣬵һθдʵʵˡ
ĿɿڴĿţͰ춼ûϡ
˼ˣصսľĿһ˵ߣƺóһСƿӣε֮󣬴浹ʲôҪ˯šЩιȥ
תͷͷǵһһҪ˵ʵҲ㲻ʲôͻûţҲᱻ
ôʱһɣԸоȥֽŲõıס˷
ȥĻֱǼ˵Ȼ󼸸ֵͰȫŵˣеСĹ۲
ֽŲãΡΡĴӷ˻յߣŸմƿﵹһЩɫСӡ
ЩСӾ͸һСһڻյԲӣôҲܿƺһ
ղЩιǳ԰ɣʲôҩظôʱ򣬾ͿվȻͽһһ˲䣬ԽصȻ˺ССġ֨ѽһ
ʲôСĶҽһƵģش˸飬ֻӺ󣬺Ȼͣ˶͵̧ͷĹ۲һΧǷʲôһ
һ˲Ȼоһַǳֵĸоƺļ£͵˼¡
ָоֻмѣ˲ͻָ
ȵѹʱ򣬻ѾԱͳһˣغĴ˹ȥʣոʲô
հϵĲؿؿһѾķѵĳӵʬ塣
ӵǿѾˣżŤһ£Ĺ󣬿Ľزһ¡
տɸɾһˣڿֻŤĳʱҲûκβӦĸоڽؾûǸүǡ
һ޶ⶫ𣿡ؿ˻ʣµǹޡ
ԡ
հѹ·ãȻ˳ȥæĺ档
ԼǸСƿӣԭһҪǸЩιֳӡ
ղӵʱ͵ػһ룬رֵĸо·˶ߴһ˷ܵĽԣ˫鲢û
¾ӾԲʲôö˳ɾǡƳ桱Сģδɵĳӡʵ˵һֱһʣܹ˵Ļôβģôģأ
ⶫӦò࣬Ϊ»ͷһμôġ
ֱϻ¸оⶫǳҪ׼ûػϺúоһ¡
ظڻյԼԼĲ³ǵʲôͷƤ顣
ֱʶԼʲô˵¼УҲѻǸʲôֺȻûղһ֪Ƕʲô
رĸо֮ܶˣڲ¾жôֲ֮󣬾һֱŵ
ǰĻգûס˵һҪǻȥɡ
ҡҡͷЩ˶Ļȥġ
غ˵ĹǸʲôԼҪŻյ˵Ļվ̲ȥߡ
ʵҲǸһͦԲЩ˵ġ
ʱ˿̵ĽԻûʶվһʲôĴڣҲûʶʲô״˵仰
߹ӣ˸һļװ壬ƽʱĵط̤һ̣ȻһĪķС
תͷһղ֪ʲôʱֳǰ״ʮĵĸŵ

ʺ

²Σա
ʵ˵, ߽ôʱ, һֱ״ˣ, ԻͷһβΣա
Σվںڰ֮Уšһ̻ȫ¶ˡ
ԱߵĽؿʲô, ´ʱ˿Σյľһ˵Ĺ, ʱ׼֡
ָоʲô
ıΧ, ǹ˺ܾҲû
ڰ֮, һֻٶŴ, ȫ֪
˺ܾãõ¶ʼֵʱ, ڰ֮ڳһ˵
Ǹ˵ԭ㰡硣
ֵʱ˲ˡ
ز֪ʲô, ܸܵĵзͬѰķΧһԼķʮСĵ, ˵Լðȫλá
ڻţһǿҵͷ
ҵˡ
һֱ룬ôӵ˵˭ԭ, ǳϡ
ڰ֮еǸֻ˵ʵ˵, ˵书Ҫڻ֮ϣҪźǿĲεĹ򣬷²˵ʲô
˵ꡰ硱ֵʱ򣬻Ըоѿʼ, ʵ˵ѣԼҪˡ
ʲô˵˭һӡûа
ŵʱ򣬺ȻһֱĽزӰʶȥһ£ͷֽؾվԶĵط
˾ȵǣؾȻڷ²֪岻Լڷ£Ϊϵı鿴ͦģƺʲôҲûзӡ
վøɸһû¾ƽţȻϣͿԵ˦֬ˡ
ιʲô˵߻ûأôﷴЩԾˡ
²Ҷ࿴ֻܸϽ˻
ߵʱ򣬶ǸӦҲѾע⵽˽أЦһ㻹ͦġӾȻ˳
˵ɶ
ӣӣǡӣ
¾Ȼһʱû׶Է˵Ǹʲôûͼףڰ֮кȻһƷ硣
һֱӾͻ˽صϡ
»¶Ƥӵ±ķ˳ȥ
ת漴ȥˣû׷ȥʱ׷˹
Էڵᣡ
һ˲ȻˣԷʵûôֲ
ʹǳ˻£Ҳᳬֱ̫࣬ӵŻµڻһȭɢһ»µľ
ǧһ֮ʣ¸оȻһգ˲䰲
ζ״һƹ塣
ֻƺǱһӻ𣬽ӹܵһó˸պúϮǸӭײϡ
ѵһ𷢳ֱᡣ
¸ոշˣûУոһֱڶ״еķӦٶ졣
ٶȼûһ˿ͣٵģһͦǸ˵ϵģǸڷûһ˿˵ӺʮֹϵĽ˷ء
ŭ״нǷǳѸ͵ģ·һԼ״вͬ飬״еĽԶǴһһаٵƣƻ¾ȱ˵
ֻ״ڸǸ˽ֵһ˲䣬˶Ա˴˵ʵ˸˽⡣
ƴƴ˸ƽ֡
Ҫ֪ʱڼ֮״У˸״мƴ˸ƽ֣״ڼ֮Ѿ¥ܳʱ䣬ʵҲԽԽɲ⡣
ﾪһ£֪ζʲô
ȫΪµһʱиȴѾĬĬʵ̶ֳȡ
֮ǰһֱ贫ǸڶСνĽƶʵȫȻǣΪǲԴôõġ
ӦӣڴڵֻһӰӣһ
ڣһĵ
Ȼץס˵Ӱˡ
Ǹڸܵ״еʵҲƺЩȣû뵽Ѿ̶ֳȡǸǳҾȵˡ
״һԲ
ʵڻµļУ״Ǹܶˣм֡ڻࡱǸɵ˼״ڲ֪Ϊ´һʱ̫Ⱦˣڵû飬ֻǲ˵
㻹ܳŶ೤ʱأǸ˿˵
仰ʱãȻһ룬ֱ˵ķʶԷ˵ʲô
֪ʲôʱ״е˫ѾѪ졣
ʲôʱһЩԾأӳȥ¥ǰ𣿡
һ߸ţһ˵
ֵµôĹģӦòһʱܹİɣһǰáӦǸʱ򡭡ڻǸӵʱѾ뵽Ҫô𣿡
㻹ǸӵʱѾΧʵǱ뷽跨ҪӳȥȤҪӵĳɫЩڵûиõˡ
һһ߷ʲô˼ʱȴȻԷʾȥؿڵһСƿӡ
ƿľʵģЩʶĸоһ£￴
·Ҳƿװţ˻µѪ˽ȥ
¥ĳ䵽УĸоΣ
·״е־Ȼڲ
ֻȷʵһֻóӣϾҲǾģֻЩҡ
˵ʱЦһһʼֿµԣǽģֻᷢӾ򵥵ڴˣҪȥɱˣȥ˵İȥܸѪ
Ϊܿܵģֻˡ
¥ֻӡ³ĬһᣬڷԷ˼ôֻʱĳӿҲֻһֻ򵥵ĿɱֵĹƳ档
ǳòƿ˹ǣԶԵĸþǻԽԽбҲǷ
ԷԾûõֻӣȻͨ
߼ȷģ˵µȷڵʱϳӵļֵ԰ǾӻһŰˣ״ֵȷַͨʽģΪӼ֮ġ
ʵһֱŰɣ˵Ҫ˵һиеûвһνġԡʵĶǴԣΪնʵġ
಻꣬һĶɷ顣ӦûûпıŰͲȫͷųһ棬Ŀˡ
ǻô
ԭ
˵Ļҿ˻һöδŪ⡣
ΪʲôЩһֱҪɢЩڻ¿ܳҥԣⲢΪʧǣΪľЩʵ
ֻǹһʱŻᷢʵǿһЩһЩûκε
һֱûֻǿѹԼĲбʱڱıԵܹһǣΪá
оǸᷢķӣ˵޷ǾЩָ̬һȻһЩͬ·ЩδҲһʾ
ʾټϹƳãǵȷİһԼʶˣʱĻ˵һȲܣҲᱻԼĻܡ
˵ǵȷͦΣյģ⼸ǰϱ羭һַʽ¾һ顣

ıʣ˴һʼûץ׼
һʼ͸ûз谡
һ˲䡭
ľ
һ̣ˡ仰ıʣͬʱԼĹʺˡ
ǿԼʵ˵ıѹԼֻЦڴʱĵȻתһ¡
ף
״е֪Ļ»ͷһοʽ΢һ¡
״пŶǸ˵Ļʵ̫ˡ
֪ǲǱոӰģһѹֲסķǻ¼ûиܵģͺ񼴽Ҫڵҽ
˵ıԵģ״кȻתһµʽȻͷ˱仯
˷һɻ

С

, ˵ǳ˵ϡ
Ŀһûмĵ, Ӳİ˱һ㡣
ԭڻǸƾУʹ֮, һӾͷ˱仯
׵¿Щ, ȷǴûм, Ϊ־ĵ¾ԼֻҪһΣӦþܼĳ
ĵһ˶벻Ҫô
һֱԴ˶ţΪʹ󲻵ôһ׵
ǣļǲ׵״ʲôʱѧˡ
˵Ǹˣ¶ЩãȻ
һǻģо졣
ȵվ֮, ȵ״, ׵Ǵѧİ
״û˵, ¾ͱ쿪ʼϹ¡
ŶֺԱһӸ˸ֲĴΪոҪĵһ˿ڡ
˴ףԿӵж󣬲׶ʪ, ¾һһͦݵġ
Ϊղ״һ, Ȼָ˹״оȻûгʤ׷Ǹڰһ֮ԣҲʵһ㡣
ղŽŵպȻôݵͣһ£Ȼոˣ¸оѹĲû˶жôС
Ϊ״һ㶼ûзɣҶ֪ǲǻµĴ
״еֶøˡ
ǸҲĶ״еְ, ֱ֪ڵ״ǳ״УĿǰΪֹ״ûκο˼ֲĳ֡
Ǹԭõڿ״пƲסʱ˲٣˵֮ǰ㣬һɱ˰ɡ
ڣΪһѵ
˵仰󣬻¾͵ؾһĸо»ˡ
ָоڴʱ˿Բʲô£ر֪״ôˡ
κû״ӣصﶼôҶ¶ٱ
һ¶ܾûϴôˣ״гˡ
Ǹ˲ûΪϵǵ˿Ӱ쵽ĽֹŹֵԭ֮˲ûгκ£ת뿪ˡ
뿪֮ԭصǸɺþöû̧ͷֻǰĿŵ档
ú󣬡̧ͷ˸ո뿪ĵط
ղŻѪһƬ۾Ѿָ˳壬˿ȥһƬ侲
֮Ļһ²ӣĿµ©ǼѪ
˻ᣬ·ϳһ鲼˲ϵЩѪ
Ȼ󣬡ǿ鲼ãʲôûзһ뿪ˡ

ѹʱǺãȻģǰѾһ˵Ŀյأſڵϻһᡣ
ȵ֮Լιȥ֮ǰ顣
һֵˣȻոǸ˶ţ֮˵ʲôֵĻԼһȭɡ
ԼͷΧûлգҲûǸˣֻеϻżθɺ˵Ѫ
ʧˡ
ʵʧ˷ʲôϡ¡ؾ֪ʧ֮ȥʲôطʲô£ΪܾñҪ̼һٱ
ھ;Լر񱻺˵Сɵ˰˼˵ɶɶȻƭת
ؾһзĶЩ̫棬ķչһѾˡ
ΪһĪܣĪŪˣȻ϶˾Сù֣ҹȥˣڶʱӦܾԼһ㣬ǽ췢ã
վ˺ð죬Ҳ֪ڵЩʲô⸽˺Ѿ뿪ˣվôҲû˹һʲôģһʱ侹Ȼ֪Լȥġ
һӾͶʧеķ
룬վﻹǲеģȻ뿪ˣǱĵطЩˣҲû취֤Ǳ߾һǰȫġ
ΪѵʱȻһ¡
εǰþ͸˵һ仰
ûеطȥԻ֮ǰסǸСȥ
ʵ˵ʵǸСӻȥҲûʲôãڴʱԴر״̬µĽ˵Դĳ仰Ǹָһ·һ
ͳͻյСȥˣ˵״Ǹӵ·ȴ쳣ϤϤ۾߻ȥ
Ϥ·ʱܹߵЩΧӴ߹
һʼļСü󣬽ĿʼһŵͼһΪŪΧ˵ĵط
ҲΪʲôԼܹΧЩϸСЩ˵죬ķҡ
С·صǸССӣϵӾһ氲ģʲôûз
ƿһůĳʪϺһյơ
ƹΧĿռ䣬Ȼôĵƹյ۾Żһ£Χƺʲôһģʲôһˡ
üͷŲһӾڵһ̣ŷԼ߲֪ʲôʱȻøˡ
ѾϤ˵ʱȻеİĸоһüΧһ˼⵽ô£ʱȻƳ˵ذһ϶߹ΣҲΣȴûһξذôֹ
չȥĿ˿ŷֵĵ΢΢һ㣬ƽʱ΢СĲǿģȴ˵
ԥŻ˹ȥȻ˫סذıԵСĵһƣȻľͰѵذˡ
סôãͷһθоӶôİģƿ֮ĵذ¶һͨ˳ͨСĵȥ
ͨȽСغǰ֪⴬ϰӣȴûһ޵ôõİ
ղͻȥڶ˶ţһ·ƽ̹ģƺûκһ˷ֹ
ܶǼžģֻнŵյɢ΢Ĺ⣬Сһ·ߣΧԽԽԶ
ģһʮֵСУͻоǳʣӦȥ׼ġ
ôһΣķĴϣȻôһطһССİȫݣ΢ЩãȻ
ѵƷϣһƺڸɾͺ񲻾ǰո˹ɨһ
ıӣ˱飬µĻһҳѾˡ
ڴϣĪľЩƣ룬ͺոܹһһ
˴ϣͷ컨壬ľʵͼͼӶ䣬ڵ顣
ã˯ȥͺһжûзһ

ճ

ƽʱ, һô˼ôСطġ
Ϊ˵ϱĵطкܶ, ˵ûô
Ա, ƽʱʽĵطֻ, ͵ƽʱƽʱСĵط׬һʡ
ٲԵĵص, ǾȻҲ׬һ, кܶĵλԾ˰ٲߣټ߲˻иͷȵ, ԰ٲܴ
µȥˣһ߾ô, ˵õȥׯ, ô˶֪ȥˣһæȻһ˵
Сͷʧ٣Ҫ˵Ͱ, 㻹ʡһݹǮԱ߹
򲻺˼ĸɿһø첲͵͵ײһ, Աһֱֲĵ˵һ䣬, ¸ûйǮ
û𣿡ղŻһʱãȻ̧ͷ򣬡û𣿡
ȿȡͿȡ
¸Ҳ֪, ⲻ̫Ҫʵ̫, ¸ٲ, ǿҪŲסˡһ˵ţһСȥſڣȥӴһոսĲˡ
Ҳȥ, ҪɤӲǵҪҩ˵ˣת˳ȥֻʣεྐྵӵ۵Сۡ
⼸ٲ׬ĶͦģȻŴĴ򶼻ſڹʲôԸ˽ԽηҶƶĻ⼸ٶҲǼٵģٲ˶һȦ
ֹӸ⣬͵͵ֶ˶ӣܸٶǵԭǿĪΪҪܡ
⼸ΪΧʵ̫ãƽʱſྐྵӵĴүǶˣȻٲһʲô֪֪ܵĽǵĲүģ⼸ʱ򶼸лˣ˳Ǵܵʱ䳤һ㡣
ٲԶ֪ľ͸ȫһЩ֪Щ߰飬ټһϢȫһЩ԰ٲڳԹǰء
ȻͷӣĲҪӵһ㣬ԽѧʵþԽȫһ㣬ʱ侭̾Ǹڶħ̵İӽ϶Ҫһˡ
ʲôóġϵǣȺ֮Уÿ˾ȻȺ֮ΨһһܱģȰǣЩ췭ظҲûʲôϵҲע⵽ǵģ˭Ӯˣ˵һ
Ļ֮ԱǣΪ⻰ڰԳԹϵʱ˵еkyԲ淴Ӧһͬ־̣ȴ˵ĺܶԡ
ˣڰٲ˵վǺңԶˣǾǱ̨粨СݣȻ£µıʺûκεĹϵ
;ֵ˰֮תͷҪԼӰմѪ·һţͿµվڵϴЬﻹקԼ
磿˲ˡŻ£žȣôͻȻˣ
תͷЦеΣղţû£Ҿһ·
Ӵϻص֮󣬻ºȻԼ̫ˣߺ˼ҶûأҸطһᣬַΧпջסˣݶϣҲſˡ
ĻڵĻͶ·Ǳ΢еԶ룬ǻ˰ٲãջһ·ͿŽˡ
ʱ͸Լһȥסȥˣ·ʲôĻ
ովһָһ޵·ѾöڽˡתͷҴҵصȱ˵ˣһܻҪߣҽгԵû
㻹ߣԵĵУʣͷͻȻתŪûЩز
С
ĬĬؿŻ̻ʵڳԶм仹ȥһ̲ˣʱȴֻ¶Ѿˣ𱳰ѾҪת뿪ˡ
ߣ
ͣҲ֪µ׸ôֻͣ˵ԣ΢еæ
㶼æʲô
²ûлشܵſڵʱ򣬸պúͺòʱͣȿˮײϣҲȵĿŻ£ʲôʱģ
ңңмҪߣϻԷǵø㡣˵֮ͳš
һתͷµôˡҡҡͷʵص֪
ܹССĽֵ˱΢ӵС˳㻹²һΪʲôߴүﲻȥ춼ȥݲˡ
ܺ󲻾ã͵͵ĴӰٲ̽ͷȥתһȦȻһڣһᣬһС¶Լ۾˸к
ϴ⼸кö཭˶˰һ˲ٴġС˵
ϴ󡣡̧ͷ侲˵ȻԼĿڴͳһССֽݸ˱һͷСк
Скֽ򿪣¶һѿǣԼȱһЦü۵ġ
ʲôϢ𣿡ʡ
ҵĵ⼸յ˺ܶණǶҪȥעСкΪʲôҪôĶ˵ǶҪעǸڶеġ
סˣĲãĲ˵ġСкԴǳԶҲã㲻Ҫôˣǲڶġ
Щ˻Ѻ˺ڶлɱˣв˶˵ڽɱٵˡСкĻ΢Ķһº󣬸һֵ鱨
¼ҴҵĸϵٶȾԼʱذٲﻻ·ǶôǵľңȥҲ¥һ¥һܣǸһרŽӴǮ˵ĵطԷ**Ĳһ㶼ƶգԺܶೡȫŵģ˵ʱ֧˸̯ӿʼ˵ġ
·û취ߡ
и˱Թôˣڶ˾ﶼϲʱһˡĻûסЦһ¡
ʵӦãǲ֪ħ̵ЩĸоΣ᲻øȺڸ롣
ǣطѡģȺԼѡġ
ʱԽԽˣܹԼԼĿвħ̵Ӱûʵ˵ЩЩϣħǱߵıĹǺ
¸˸λûãȻԶһ󾪺˵߶Ǳ˹ȥ
ղҲ˲ˣȴûһôŵģ¾ҲǱ߿һۡ
ŷǱԶԶһŮ˾Ůģӣƽһߵ֣ϸȳòһȺ˹ӾЧһ¶ˡ
Ů˿϶УȺСһģ˵ӲģؿʯǵĹ۲ΧȺ˵ķӦȺˡ
ΧȺŮ˵˷ӦЩţЩƲסԼĸом˵ıЩ㱣ȻȺŮ˺ƯӦδҲ̫һˡһЩ˷ӦԾͺúܶ࣬ûбֵôȻ
ȺŮĹģڼֹǽеһڶȴƫƫӴٵġԭܼ򵥣˶Ϊϲе
뵽ӣȺŮ߹һȺ˫ļȿ˾ǵľͬҲһȺ˵ľ
ĳ桭һֵЩְ

˵뷨Ķ

Щÿһ, ڳ˵һ󾪺ĽɫʵǺܶ, ħ¡
²Ǹ˵˭, ǰЩ˵߰˰˳ġ
˵ס
˵Ⱥ˸Ǹϵ, ôӦ֪챼һϢ, ҲδԻС
ϵҲ˫֪˴˵, ֻҪǸЩħа弸̽ӣǽӦþ֪ˡ
°ͿЩ˵ľﰵĥ˰Ǹ˵ʵݺ, ʱʱĻһ״С
ô˵ȻܶҪ´, δ̫ûƷҲôΪ׵˶, Ȼϱӵ, Щ˿»Ǳ߻ʮɡĴ󲿷˶ֻǵΧȺڵġ
˵ĺм˵ĲǳųӣϾ͸ѹ
ǿΪ½ܶ˹, Ͼ֮жǸӴ, ˵ĿԽԽԽԽ󣬴ͺûжû̽ӵĵط
ʵ˵ȷʵҲӦôһ˹ųӵģʱĳǺѹѹһ˴ﾭɽѡ
Ǿ仰
ǡûô
, ƯΧ˸˷ܣкȲˮԵЩ롣
ڽһޣǽһ˴ӽֱ·ܻһһƮͷϡ
ߵȷǸԺúôεĵطûµʱҰͲ¿ͻһ졣
̸֮ʱԶȻһ˻ͷȥֻһһ˹˵ӰͲ׸ߣĿѵһӣϻһɫ̥ǡ
ִһЦƺǹĵԭʼ·ڳŮ˶Ϊһ¡
һһŮ˴Զ˹
ĽŲʮֵأҲߣȴ˾²ֻô߹ʹֵķ顣
ջֽȻͬĸоͬһ˵ϡ
վ˺ӵߣֽȻͬķʵΧ˿Ρ
˴Զв˶ϳǵݡ
ɷ͡񡱣ħ̵ƽʱһ涼ѣû뵽Ȼͬһص㡣
ɷӲңµ˽֣ȻһȭһʮµӴˣΪѾʱ䶼ûڽˡ
˵Ǹǳ飬ҲưոݵģųֻҪײ˾һܵʴȣλɷһֱɸһħǱ߹š
λĹ¾ͱȽϾˣҪ˵Ļҹ˵ꡣҪýϵһӦǡŮݵʯȹµ˲в͢е
ͬҲһλöɽĴˡλȻͬʱ˶ʵ̫ǿ⣬Ҳʵ벻ˡ
˵ľУɷ˽Сô˵Ż
Ǹһǵֽʲô˼ɷüʡ
֪˵ǸѾ׷ʲôġǴ֪ϢأʼմһºֳȻЦݣɫĶɷ
ҾǸװŪɷĺһͷ¶βļһ¶˶ֻҲڶô˵Ļ

񲢲ҪôȫԼεʵͦΣյģΪ˲֪ʲô顣
ŶǸֻǸ˱ֱӣǸ˶˵С㣬ԼݣУټĻҲ˫۾ӡ
ջȻЦĶ˵Ǹ̨ʲôĸĺ㣬ⱾЩŮ顣
˾Ů˺Ƕڻ˵ҲһˣһЩ书Ǻġ
ͬҲǸ˻ôģѶԷ˵ǣͬҲǸֻǼ򵥵ķ裬ԷͻĹһˡ
Ʋ⣬Ǹ˺ĺڶһУҽڶһѾĺˣںΣյ״̬һԲϾͻɱһ֡
뵽ֺЦˡ
鷳
˵̸ôеģ֮ǰ˵ǿԱģҪ˵Ǹ;뱻ߵλá
ɷ֮ڴ֮ͥģΪͬʱעΧ鵽һǸڶе˿ǿ϶ֹͣˡгǸڶ⣬ʱûʲôҪĵˡ
뷨ǺȷģΪһ˶˾Ĵֵط⸽ķݶǳİСǸڶйҲֻһӾǵ۾ԸĸһԴһģŴҲͱ˲һ
߻ħ˶Ҫȥǵķ񡣷ΪֹûпһԸ񰲾صġӡ
ǲ֪ǣôʱ򡭡
ʮиСС̣иܳĬˣһһڵࡣ
һᣬĬĬİӷµϰ壬Χ˶ˣطûˣûֹһ𣿡
ʲô
һڡζ࣬ͣҳԹ̼һ緹
㰮ԾͳԣҲ˵ĻɣĿóԵࡣ
¿λζڳ˵ϰ壬Ҳֱ£ʰ׼뿪ϰվСƵĵе۾ԻµιҪߣ߶һᣬһǾҪˣߴˣҿ㻹ͦ˳۵ģ￴Ǵ߰ɡ
аһ°
ʲôܱҪҪϰ岻мĿһۻ£Ҹˣ˲̫ʱƲϣʮ֮ʱ˴㵱꿴ôˡ
ţȷʵͦ˶ĵģһм£߲аһ˵ţһɫԺ¶ͬѪһ޺ɫ
ϰں濴Żµ𾪣ҲԽԽ󡣻˹İ·ϣ˳ѷק˸µķͣ˾䣬ϰ壬ôߣ
Ǳߡϰָ˸λá
лԱ˵תˣƽĶˮ׼ϰӣϰ嵹ңϰͦ˼ķϣҲˡ
´ӺȥһŴӴ˳ĶߣǱ˹ȥϵҲԽԽˣոպʱǸͦº͵꣬ȴԽԽϵǸغˡ
ϰںĿɿڴĿ˰죬߳һ·͵شܻŹϡ
͵ع˵ϰķ仡δҲ̫ٶ˵㡭קһ³ʦɣ֤һȥҩ
Ǹ˵˵Լ׷ˡҪʲô³˼˼롣̽һǸ˵Ҫʲô
ȫ綼ĸоܾò衱һ£е̨ϽЦСƷԱһװ˷˹ڵڴ
һʧصķӰ
ЦˣǾݣǱʧصġеѶȡ

ɷڽ̸ʱ򣬺Ȼͬʱͱ죬ֱֱĿһȻˡ
һµʲôʱģ
ɷ֪
վֻǾĵͷҷǳ𾪵һ˶ûд
ԭԶԷ˵һ˹ģԲͬһСܹģֻû뵽Ȼô
ǵ˸࣬ȴĪıѹһͷľǶϵʡ
ֻǰվȴǴԨ֮һ
ˣ̧˫۾ʱû˸ҸӣͬʱҲûɷͬʱͷ
˫Ѫ۾Ǳһ

˵Ҫƴɶ

ȥ˵
ɷ˵ôȥ
Ҳȥġر, ֻô˸оֵ˹ֻҲҵĹûа취ȡôõЧ
ɷһ, վǰһǸ˵ǰ
һڶԷǰվĪľַĸо
֪Է浽һʲôܻġӦû˲֪һԸб, ˵òƿҪ֮׽ĸо͸ˡ
Ⱥˡûи˵ĶϸĹ۲һ, óۡ
ǻҪӹΪ˱Ļɱ
ڸոʱԼϵļѨ, תʵһַǳ״̬, һֿ߻ħ˵Ч
⻰, ʵٷ˻¾ֻһ, Ҳ硣
ҪƭȾҪƭԼǸ˵׼᲻˹ۿԻѪ
ָоž͸ڸ첲ϷѹһЧһֻǸҪΣһ㣬ڿɿص״̬ڡ
ļпַʽʹãΪʱʵһа, ²ʵģֻҪҵַĸоġ
ʵϻܹ־õӦþǸ˵, ˵ô࣬δûȥ̼µ뷨
ܱǻµһŴɱƣǱҪʱ̻²óȥ, ֻؼʱóȥŻͬϣǸԸ˶֪һѾ˵ˡ
Ͼ֪ڶоǻ˻еģһǸҲһѾ֪˻飬ҪʱС鱨ϳ¥鱨
ڶǸӵ黪νôȥ˵ǻ桭²ɷӣһ㶼롣
ΪԸԼĴŵӰӣϵһڵ֤һֻΪԭ򡭡Ҳ
ҲھĸֻĸоƺڸֶҴܣָоΣ˺£֮ȴִһ侲
Ϊַ֪ǿɿصģġ
ºȥϸӵĸоһ㶼ȰԼϽҪָоϳ̫࣬ȴԼȥܵģǵȥܵġ
оַڸֵطҴܣһֵ߱ɱʱҲһ˵˷ܸС
жô˷ء
ͺһͺտʬ壬һȥ˺ҧһţҪҵκһ¶Ѫĵط
ǰ˵ǰģźƵһݶнģ
ι춯ְɷСĶԻῴŻµ۾еˡ
˲ղһֱ۾һɨɨ쬵ģΪ˵һֱɨϵ㣬࣬۾˾Īĺ¡
һ˿ԣһıܣǰˣ˷һ
Ǹ˿˵£ʱǻ⾿һʲô״̬¿ˣȴѾ˵ֱ۸ܡ
ǿӵĻ˵ʵҲֻǷ¶ѣ֮ǰû˻ӣ֪ôһǵʱ᲻ӦôʹҲ˵
ȻѾʼ˹ģǾԲܱʲôԾġ
ŶԷǵҲܲ𣬾ͺڶԷֻǱһҪӵİӣ˶㲻ϣֻһѪɵѡ
ˡȥȫ˰һЩ书ѧµˣǲǷҲʤǷˣЩ۾ɱ˺ʹ⣬鶼벻ǵ۾
ˣ¾òײһӺѧֵļ塣
ܴĹӵļŭ
Īһ˿־壬ǲײĸıһ˿ԼʣԼĵ˵㣬޺һЩ
ɷľûлôֱֱ࣬ĳ˹ȥͬʱȭͷ
˫ȭͷӲǰһɱһֵºС
ֿǽķɷڽĹʲô˲
ȻڼҪһ;ȥйӿɱ⡣ȭɷͻȻӿһַĸоûõֱƽһȭ
һŮˣһҪӲŮ䲻ȭ˲ȭͷϾͼѪò˵״žͨʹҲӲչ˶Է
ɷֻԼ󷢳ˡꡱһ˵Ĵ죬žʹһʹ
Χ˻ûȻعͺȻɷԼǺȺΧ˶Щ}ˡ
ɷǸƴȻˣһͬʱǸˣǸӦҲȫȻµİɣȻôֱӻȭȥˣ
һ¿Ŷۣ˶˵ķ辢һ
±ʹҲŪԴ΢һ㣬ײ˦˦֣ԼôܸѧӲ˱ȭء
ղȫԴһȣܸɴľͳˣȻӾЧȥ𺳣־ҪӲյĸо״̬£һôѡ
ֱŰĸоԭôµ𣬻¿Цһ£ǰ״ʱĹ֣ڿȲ˼ҡ
ֶ˭˭֪ʱֻԷӲգֱǿƲסġ
ĵʹĸоʱߺȻһ·һֱƮ˵С
ΧģȻͱÿ˶ԼܿƵĸǸߡ
侲һ¡ǸڻµĶһѾˣڵ̫ˡū˵˵ɡ
ܻ¼ûʱ˿Щ
ŸҪ󣬻Ǹ˵ΣʵӦͼŭԷġ
ǻһǳʶʱ񣬶ÿƵˣڵԾǲԡ
ƲţǸ˶͹˵Σճ̶ȣ̶ֳȻҪŭĻǻ籧ڳȫȥ̬ˡ
û֪ʲô»˵˵Ǹ˵˼ڳɱˣǿ⡣
侲һ㣬ΧиڿҲ֪ԼȰ˵׹ܲãӡǱ˵ģûһܹѵĿ֮еġ
˵ĻҲֱܴӾͰѵǰҪ˳Ҳϣ¿ʧصһɣ
һ̣ʹǻҲòпŮ̫ˣ˼ܣƲò˫ȫ
ԼһܹöԷ΢һϾ²ƾòΪĶġ
ɷͬżŭԷ
˵ڶǸرбʵֲķӣһˣֻһŮ˲ܶġ
ǿһֱϲ顣
һ˹ȥϿûκηӣ⸱Ӹӵľһ޺С
˵һ󵨵뷨
Ҫժ¶Էߣۿһ۶Էӡ
𽭺ˣһʱһֱڱ˹עˣ׳ʲôӣ
е˵һޱȣȻôŤÿֻĥΪ֡
Ҳе˵ʵĳѾ˵ǰһߣһȷѪꡣ
ΣҪۿΪǸҰĵŮˡ
ԼòһԷԷªǡһٺòˡ
ȥԷſµߣϲǣԷȻûжܡ
֪ΪΣ˫۾ɫ˿ûһ˿ûоϤ档
Ӧʲôء
ǳԵģ͵ģֻǡŹǷģ
ƵƵĳУͺѾ飬һβûС
ʱ˿̽չĸ˳Ļ񣬲֪ΪʲôͷһŨŨĲȴûʧ
ղŵϰһµڵ￴ţ˵ղǸ˿Ҳ谡ǵˣ˻ͦ˵ģôͻȻͱ
ղϰ˵ԼǾѵĹ͵ص㣬仰һҲǴţܴĿˣղ˱ġ
ѵõĸǶԸղǸ̫棬ϰҲóڻò֮ˡ
ϰῴ˸ղǸ˵ϣȻĿȻһ㶡
ôˣϰ忴ŻıҲסˡ
ϵıӦƽʱԲϵı飬ΪһʸƻϾǲ¶ִ㵵ıġ
ô£
ôͺ񡭡ղűԼΪȭŹӲƴһȭɷϵĴ㵸һģ


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˰죬µҲһֱǿŻķӦġ
ԭҿ˶ŻȻӢѹ˹ذ, ỨͻȻԼ, ôЩĪ
ǿʲôˣôôӦ
ʱ, ͷȫǺĸо
Һ޲ſȥһǸ˵׳ʲôӡ
ô˵Ҳڴϻ˸赸ӵһ, ֵǹصģΪڴֵͣỹڷľ޵ĸо, 黪¾Ͳٶˣ֮ܶס, ĵĸоЩ΢ġ
ʱô˳סǼֱǸЦ
Ҳ˺һŷӦ
ʵ֪ЩΪʲôҪ˼ɵ˹ΪСϢơǸ˺ϲŮˡ
·رŮˡ
ʱ, ʶľöԷӦǸɫ, ˾书ô, ˵, ǸӦĶ֡
ڣȻʼЩɻˡ
һƤĻҲôã˶ˣ֮òϣ㹻˾޵ġ
˵ܳôĸо, ü֮жһ־£ԵúӢ
˵ܸɾرɾ
͸ָо, һյ͸ƣɾһ۾ܿͨ͸ͺһСӣʲôҪʲô㶼ԴϿ
ֻ´ˣǺܻ۲һ˵ġ
ſܻῴһŶһ̬ҿߵģ˭֪µľȻһָɾŮһݡ
׼ֱȫʲôϵϸϸĿһ˿˵ֻжʮͷ
һʮͷ˽ŪȷѪ꣬ⲢǻСˣָֻоbossѾ˺ܾˣ㱧bossǸħ̬ȥģ㷢bossǸͻҪСԸ񻹺ܰСʱǷǳ΢
һ͵ĸоǺøеһ֣˫ɫ۾࿴Ͳܸһħϵ
񿴹˵ܶˣȷʵȽһš
Ҫ·˵ЩʲôƻĻ죬οڶʧܸա
Ϊһųª˵Щһ˵Щʲôе֡
ôһ
ǻʱ˿ΨһֵĵˣΪʲô˻᳤ӣ
е㲻ԡħ̵˵ţиһ˻һۣܿ˻⣬͵͵뿪ԭء
ǰζڻ˵ʵеΣգΪڿһʱѾʶԷӦþûбƻ
ǵˣ˫ɫ۾֮УҲûκγԵոΪֻԼˣŻȻ򲢲
һǰδеĿֲĸоӿͷ
ȻûбƻʲôҪʲô
˫۾֮ǰͼƻδɹһЩ˻Ҫ䡣
ŸɾһûбκζͿĨİֽͬʱҲһܷжľӡ
Ȼ֮䣬񶼾ԼǳһСʲôԷ֪ҪʲôԷҲ
ʲôҲȫȫס
һӣҲһֵķӡ
ûйôĸоһֿ־壬ܺ±˿͸ĸоΪǱóĶ
µȴһ
ĻǰЩ£ʲôһ·Ǹ߸ϵ飬ÿһ˶ǴӵײģǼȿ־صʼЩӡ
˵ǰ˻Ǹӣûκǵķӡ
ʶĽתǿ˲˿ȥͬе滨ΧĲ˶ĹӰ쵽ˡ
кܶûпֻȽϽ˲˾ͶһƬհס
ֳѾټ򵥵ΪɫԭˣǷǳ飬˿϶ܹоĳǸǺ׼ľ֮УĸԸĹӰΪ֮ԡ
ǸǳԼƵŮˣ֪Լ˵ĵطġ
ѻһͷѩ׵Ƥϸ֫Լ˫ޱȣֻ֪ʵһƬ˫
ҪЩڶˡ㲻ϲŮ𣿼ȻˣҰ
ǰ˺Ȼˣͷ΢΢һϲΪԼ΢ЧˣʱȴȻְεĶ߻˳ȥֻˡһʵŶĤһʹ
³նһӺ͵͵ˣûпǰĻ񣬵ôֱӴ˹ȥ뻨ǳĽҪĶҲһ
Ŀ˵ĵԼǰǸ˵ȷʵһ仯ҲûУƽҺ޲
Ƿģȴַû˿ζ
ɨһֻۣһۣûȻɥʧз
ȻŵԽȺˡ
ɱ
һɱ

ûйһûĸܵʲôʵѹ
˵ȥΪֹûһܵϱֿ־壬ôһ̣³ϡ
ʱҲʶˣǰŮһݾµˣʵһħ

ȵعʱⳡɱѾˡ
ԼЩģȻһѣŷմѪ
ֶҲܵҪʱض³һ
һǰδеĿ־ϮʹĻ¶һֲĸо
ŶǸˣֻҪԽԶԽõ뷨Ҫߡ
˾һѪĶħй鱨ǼٵģܹŻȥһš
˸ںʲôŮˣҲںʲôĶ˼Ѫɵġ
ϴŵ߲ʵӡ

ܸոջۼʤˣȫѾʧˣֻļԶԶվڱ𴦣Ĺ۲Ķ
ɷѾһԣ֪ΪħһɳҪսȻһغ϶ûгŹһԼΪķ汻򵹵ġ
Ѿ׵ķˣɱˣӦòʣκζ
ûһˣֻʣԼ
ãδйԮˡ
һĬĬصȴ˳߹һϤİӿͷָоʲôأ
ûʱУһ͵ȵͨˣǸʱͰԷģԼԲҪһֱȥ
ŬѧϰôԼĸŬĳĵһһԼɿһֽ۵Ľﻨ
ʱգֿ־ĸоҲϡ
ԼЦݣŬγգЩ۵ĻͿԼҪκ顣
ȴоȥһֺֻˡ
廹ڲʱоǸѾߵǰͣ
ˡ
Ǹ˵仰ʱ̧ʵȴɻ
֪Լ߱ģˣΪֻǶߵѪڵסߡ
㱵룬Լһοʲôʱ
ҲʮĹ⾰˰ɡ
֪ʲôʱʼҲûп޹Ǵ֮󣬻һȥ֮
Ǹǰ̧
ˡ˵
ʱ˿̣ŷȻģһɾִһ˿ͳĸо
㵵̧ͷʱ˿̣֪ԼģһÿѪһϲ֪ʲôӣ͸ոһģ϶ܱȡ
ոոһˣȴ˵ˡ

˫

ְŻ˲ϵᡣ
˵ʵ, ղȷʵе˴, ѹʱԼŵˡ
ΧѪһƬĳ, Ϊ״ʲôʱִܳȨˣ⻹Լɵ, ԿЩ˻, ΢ġ
ҽһѧͽľ, ЩϽֹֹѪҲҪ뿪ˡ
ǲϣģҲĲ, ٷЩˡ
ϾչʾһԼʵ㼡⣬ܹΧһЩ, ٷȥ, ľӦǸ˵ѾΣյĻˣʱ򻨴Щô
²̫ղŵЩ˶ôԼ, ΪǶӡһЩģô˵, Լ˶ΨǰĻʱ, 黹Щ΢ġ
ʲôǱʶΪ, ѵ˵ȻǸչ
οԷ, ˵վôһȺʬ塱֮ȥοԷҲֵͦ, ֲĸо׻˵ΣΪʱ
Ӧðɡ

Ϣ齭ʱΪ֮, Ϊ˻⣬ڳ˼ȫû
ΨһѵĻ񼸺ͳ˵Ĺע㣬ȫʻ񾿾ôӹһٵġ
⣬˶Ǳűľˣ˭֪ȻôҵҴ
Լǲ̫˵ģʵҲУΪ˵кܶ鶼ɼġ
Ҳ֪ôȥͱ˵һݣĻȹջ¶޶ԣȴΪļŹ顣
ЩԼ㲻Ǹ˵ǲǸɫˡ
е˴඼ϲ٩ģŴ¾ͱ˱ǸڶҪɱģϧŮûж֡
ٲȻѾб˾춯صһŮ˼֮µĽǰû뵽ġ
֮⣬һЩҪС˵Լ񿴼ߣͬһţʽǲģػϲߡ
߾˵˫Ȼ˱Ƚ٣˶˵˫˵ǸǰʹǸʧˣû֪ȥġ
ϵһƹУǸ˸˵ǸߵĴʱζЦһ¡
ЦеζδЩ֣ö̲ס࿴һۡ
ôˣ
ûʲôһЩ˼顣
û˼顱ʲô飬аԵģ˵Ǹĺ
㡭Ǹ˰ɡӣֻܾûдеôаŮҲǼһЩġ
룬ּһ䣬ǸŮǺ

֮Цһ£ǸıԵ𣿡
˵̫׼ҡҡͷҵʱŲ̫񡭡
ûбԵôŹأ
̧ͷǰˣһõ·Щɢӣƫƫ˵ߡ
Ǹǳ̸ˣڲ֪ʲôʱѾͽ˺ܺõĹϵڲ֮ǰûкϻ
ںԷΪʲôҪϵ
ʵ˵ӦþѱµˣؤҲûʲôԽҲ˿õ˭Ҫҡ𣬶һѶ·Ҳϲѡ
·ڽĶ棬Ĺ۲Žӡ
ʵϣڵõϢԺǿӱ޵ĸ˹ȥΪǰռһõλãúõĹ۲һǸ˵ġ
ĿŶˡ
ͷֳֺڵģҲȽϸϸһҪһ㣬˿е񱡭Ǹ˴ɫ·ûѪմϣԿĳжôˡ
˻ôԽԽأ
·ŸղŵЩʵǶ·ģҪӽǲǸˡ
һֱظšΪʲôŹ񡱵仰
룬һһֱԵĵ㡣
ʵϸ룬ΪԷǸ˾ͷŹҲпܵİɡ·пЩȻѾˣǼѾҲò书ˣħǱ߳Ҳ࣬ʱһҲѱǵ³ҡ
˵ǸľΪǸˣԾͷŹһأйһνӴ֪һЩ˲¡ǸرϲĶϲ̬ĵزˡ
ĬĬĿ棬·ĻһֱԷҲųĬú˵ȷʵϲĶϲ˲̬ĵزΪǸŮ˵òĲŷŹģΪᡣ
Ϊʲôѵ˵һҲΪŮ˿޶𣿡

ǵȻᡣ
ãһԭ
ΪǸŮֻڿ޵ʱġ
˵
ȫѪᣬҲЦŵʱ
ΪΪʲô
ΪǿʣʵĶ
ͱȽϺϺԻ⣬ͬʱҲ΢Ϊʲôһֱ˵ĸоӡ
Ǹ治裬ĳ˵ҲǸˡڱͦˡ
뵽¶һ˿ص΢Ц
תͷȥȻһ
ֻ·ֱĶæתߵ˼ղ붫ˡ
·ⷬýùֵֹģֱ쬵ĸоʵ˵ԼֱģһָоĶʲô£׼Ժ·Զ㡣
֪Լⷢ·˶𶯣Ҳ·￪ʼϹʲô߰Ķ
·ԥһᣬһҧʣǣǡҲ˵ǸڶʵʵݡǴ¥ӵ磬˵м׼ȷأ

͵̧ͷ·
Ӧôǰ·һ
ΪԼһС˵ʲôⲻ֪ʵﶼЦˡ
ûұֵôԣֻĿƲסϵЦ⡣ʲôΪʲôϵһƴôģ
뵽֮йϵ˵ǲĴμʱ򱻱˸ײˡ
ĳЩʱŴЩͬ·һЩͬĿײҲʲôֵ¡
ǰûпǹĽͷһ뵽һ磬뵽һЩĶ
ЩεĶǾ£ˮлȴĵЦȻ͵ࡣ
ҡҡͷӦòģ㲻Ҫ̫ˣʵûС
Ϊǻ˱Ļôпܻᱻһѵ飬ͻʮֵΣա
κ˵ġ
·ŽͻȻͳҲЩԻ󲻽⣬ղŵķӦԲû°
ôˣ
һСĲʲô

ǳ

´ǽͷ˰ٲá
һ, ԼǸ, Ǹɱ
һػصģ˭ܵ˰
ٲúûйţӵƶѾϨ, ֻгﻹ, һյ΢͵ơ
Ŵִͬ, ִϵƻͨģߵҲ, һ·ϻۿԽԽ, , ǵĿǰΪֹΨһĹ⡣
˽ȥ, Ȼھͳ˵, ˵гԵģߵʱðٲõ˸ˡ
ȻƿԺ̨µ, мͷһͷ, ¹ȥʱһ, ˵ٲʳͦðȥķ
˸С, Լ̨ԱߣԱߵ˰ˮ΢, ȻûлôݻһһĺãԻ³ԵĻǺܿĵġ
ҹֻܰлºյƣķΧ£ƺԷһεСܣз紵Ҷķܴ󣬵ȴĶࡣ
³Եһʱ򣬺ȻﲻԾһתͷ䲻һ˫۾ڰ
˭
˲еĿ𣬰ڳ˷ֱ̬˭󣬲źȻġ
Ȼ
԰ʲôʱģ
¸磬ôŻ˹Ż£΢΢һ졣ǰ̻ʵģƸղΨһһξȫˡ
ⲻȵ޿;ͿʼֶӣϸϻͿտҲˡ
һֱң˻˯˶ˣ±ˣһͷ
ָָԼֱ°ϵķŪȥŵûһֱ㣬Źġ
ܰһɻ󣬡Ҽǵûʲô
˵һ͵ͣȵĵԭղ㣿
˵أΪʲô紵Ķô˰ԭ߹
Ṧ԰еȾϲϢṦߵʮڵ˶࣬˻²Ṧֹǿԣֱǿ¡
ṦǴѧģеԻṦԲԴģԴôṦţˣҲǵý̹ӵṦ
һҵġݣ±Ȼλ硱òԽԽ죬Ӹ߸ߵģݵģоѣǰſررܽظ⣬û˳ԣͲôˡ
ţݸݸ߻ѵеġţЦ۾
и㣬ҲЦǺǵģܸоеЦ滢ÿЩҽϵĶ
¿˿ԼָŵһСƬɫĶҵġ
ԣɱ˲ѪĶڳƷԭģΪĵطĹٻָ滹Ҫ˼
ѵ㣬ⲻҽϵģ˾Ķϵġ
еĪͷۣڵʱ򻨴ǰǲ͵͵ĹΧˣһ˺ʲô
ͷôǵùմ˼Һأ˼ҺӺúõģȫﲻŵĽ̻ˡ
ΧܸܲķʽΪʲôҪڴſܽظ⣿
ԺЩԶһ㣬ǾܣǸ㣬ͼסǳʲôӣͷ˵¿ŸͷʼеŵġС򣬶ĵ˵
ŶԹԵĴӦһӿŵһҶеĴȡ
ȻڻºˮʱͻȻһ䣬ô˵Ϊʶ𣿡
ȿȣȿȡûûС͵ҡͷôأҲʶǵġ
͵˾衣
԰ƽʱôûֻô
ôˣˣϽȥ˯ɡ¸Ͻȥ˯ΪܾýԤеĪΣա
ôû˯뿴ǴġǴǽϷģȥһ·
ֿۻµУйζûɢ
һζ
컨õľ㡣
ͻȻԼԶԣֻŶˣȫûйϾԷкһֱһС
Ŀʱ˿̣ȻʶԼһֱȷʵһʧ
ΪСӣСӻ²ôģԭΪ񡱻ģʲôǰ̫ˣһֱûڹ
û˵ʲô
ʱڵ

ҾǾӦͦΣյġ
ŤŤ˵
ԺҪԴҡ
˵⻰ʱ۾һֱŵ棬̧̫ͷ£ҽżһֱڲͣĲء
¿ü룬ֻô򵥵Ŀţȴ˺ܳʱ䡣
źȻЦСӹǣ
Һˣ͵̧ͷ˵
ԺһЦ°ѷʼԷȻԱеľںģһܶ书ˣ
ϲ˭书࣬˭ȡʤءµ
ȷʵǺǰиֲС͵ҴˣǸС͵С֣ҵֵûгŹһӣ
ǰٲƵطȻҲС͵𣿻룬ƲİԺǡͷˣǡ˸ˡ
ǰҲ֪Լ˸ֵزΪһֱҲֻԼֱǰ죬һҾƷһͷ׳ʱŻ㱼ʶԼжôĪּ顣
һֱرĸ䣬֪ҲǸرԱյСǰڼʱ޴ڸУԴûгԹԼɹʲô顣
ֱһ졣
һ֮ڰһ˺ܶС͵ˡȷʵǺһ߰ͷȥһ˵
ȻִԱһ˳ȥԭڵţҲϽ˳ȥ
ͥԺ֮У¹ͻء
ǡҪĶöˡ
վڿյ֮ϣô˵
󵽡ΪȫˡʵǣֻһС֣ܽ·;Ŀʼ
㲻𣿡Ц㲻ţҸ㿴
Ǹ򵥵ӣֻǳȻ;Լ۾ǿѹʼĴ˷ӿ
кȻǰ˵ȫȻİĻ£վ¹м䡣
ȻģȴЩ˵
˵ԶҲ󲻵жôĹ
ϵĻ꿪ʼ޷Զϵ¹·ҲˮһʼˣƺҪССԺӽ÷ࡣ
һ˲䣬¹ء

·ӦĻһУ˾޴ĸı䡣
һ죬˯֮ǰһֱʲô
ΪԼֻҪʱһһףΪһֱʲô벻ͨ飬ֻҪ룬ܻ𰸡ⲻ֪һҲûס
СԶһص¹ͻꡣ
һƬԶҲߵǳ󺣡

ӿ

, 죬ϾҪ, ȥ
ЩεĿקһ·ǰܵ, ĬĬ̾һ
ǰýﶪʧ˺ȻĪĻˣڽ֮ͬҲһ, ˲ٵˡ
ЩȴԼôģʱȥ˶ؿƿ
֪˲֪һô, ǵҲһģҲȥ
ôһڹͱֱͷ, ȻЩ˾ֱ·ˡٻشϽ˵ʱ, ֽЩ˻úõĴ, ûбô
֮ǰϵһЩȴʧ, ôҶҲ
޹˿ڹĻץӸε, ǳһس, ˼ҹʱ򣬺Ȼͱˡ
һҪȥῴ, ˵, кöˣһвĴ
²֪ô˵Լڲȥ, Ҳһᱻקȥ, ôݼʱ䣬úõڼһᣬôˡ
ȥ, ȥʲôֲʲôĴĵ
ôǣҹдһ˷ܡ
ꡪ
æСһ㣬˵ɤ̫ˡ
ҹдͷϵЩǰԱȾͺʮһ߾һ
ôȥﰡֻܸ˼ϹҸսȥ˼Ҳ͵ð
㲻õġ˭ҰҾ첻ȥ
ǻ¾ͱǿק˹˽ҡ
٣һ㶼ǰǸģֶˣ󲿷ֻĿģһǿǿˡ
Ľô࣬ҲôɰͰ͵İڰϰԹִ;ۻᣬҶ֪Ҫˡ
ýˡ
һؾͷǳСζϤĽѾʼ׼ˣΪԼ书һ²ʶˣʮֵ˷ܣͣߥŻ£ϰϰ
ˣˡ־ܾ
ǿˣԲȥ˶ĵطȻ֪ʲôʱԼͱƳȥ˱Ƚˡ
´ƭİƭ˽Ժӵһ԰֮УԼһ𿴷羰ȵſϵʱһ
ллء
ſ棬ЩĪ꣬⻹ʲô飬ʼϾˡ
½һƬ̫ƽζ̫ƽЩ˼飬ϾǱӿûôƽ
ǰһֱΪʲô鶼ͻľͱģȵʱžһˣֱڣס
еĴըһǰѾˣұϿ̫ƽ¡
£ѡ񰲰ſ￴ַͦ˼ģϾǱ߶Ѿ׵ӽ쵶ӳˣ߻ݲݣʵЩп档
ĲȥǱ߿һڻµĶߣС˵
ȥ»شն
ŶԵͦˣеĪί
ԱߵקŻι㣬ȻһʵˣʵҲ÷ʲô¸ʲô²
ڻʱ򣬺ȻиСʯͷıֽסСʯͷЩãȻĻͷһȻͿһһãڣƶȵվƴĻ֡
»ͷʱҲſ˹ȥʣʶ
ʶ
磬ûʱ䰡ʱĻҹ°
¸˵꣬Ǳߵ·˷ܵĺ
ĬĬİͷת˹ȥСӡ
ˣ̡
¿ƨƨܹ·Żºһı飬æקһȥ
ЦСӵıһʲôõ飬һҪֱӰġ
Σ󶼲һʲô·ϲţ˵ľ仰˵ggˡ
°·ק˼ɽ棬Ȼûгϣ·ĵһ仰ǡûСӿ԰
ûֻʦ𱣻ȫġһ߸·ͣһ߾ۡ
ôҲû뵽һгһվȻȥ⡣
ˡ·һ̫ǫ˵ı飬˼ҹͦÿġ
ллҲͦÿġ
ǰȥġܲСĸ˵һ˵·ԵĴչһصӡ
¶··ǰЩǲĳ֣
ĺ棬Щ˵ͻˣͬʱͼȥЩ˵ȥʲôطܴһЩϢһΣؿƿ
ȥû뵽һĽͣɣʱͬʧ˼ĻĻˡ
ӦǸͻƿڣǳʻ⵽Ǹʲô
ûСһʼϣ·ָɴĸ˿ڣǡ
ЩҪʲô
ҪɸӣȥԸһ˰ˡµĵȻ֪ŶؿƿӦܲ³ǾԲʲôõ԰ɣһԺ˶Ǹ˵ġ
·⻰˲ˮеǡǸˡ
Ǹڶˣ·̽ʡ
¡šһ
ģǱģ
¾Բġ
ô϶𣿡
Բܡ
·ŻĿ϶ĻԽĿ϶һ֪ʲôè塣ʱԽԼĸ´ߣҲֻһѪҪѵ뷨˭֪滪¾Ȼô
Ϣȷ˶֪ģȻڻߡ
Ҳ˵ʹڶǽҲûвⳡ˱ܵ¼
·ҲӿһЩϾû˻ϣԼֵ׵ģҲ˹ĸģȴ˺ڶУִ˽ӵֱһʯ
ҽЩһֱڶţ⼸һֱƽ˾ģڰƻʲôӣ෴һֱΪЩʧٵڱ
Щͼʲôأ
ͼʲô¼ſڼʯɽ룬˵ͼһĴ£𣿡
ţ˵Ҿš·ĵ˵
Ǿ͵ŰɣƽӲˡ˵
һֻ˹֮вϵַߡ
ʱ򣬼ɽһˡ
۾ɵĴģֱƹ˻£ûȥָ·һ𾪵ĵԭǸǸ·
ϣǸղųȥתһȦ·֮ٻ˰롣
֪ϲĴһ·һĵĲУϾҲǮƾĵģ˼ҴƢ֣еĸͲ㡣
ǣ¡·Ůһ㶼Ť󣬺ˬĸ˸к
㣬һЦ⣬Ȥ¼ģƫƫڿϵһʱϵЦݾͽˡ

ᡱĽ

ȥʱ, ·ıһֱκģ˰ϵıҲûбúһ㣬ðеĪ֡
, ʦˡ·ߵߵʱȻ˵һ, Ҫ, ȥ
ˣһ
ԡƽʱ·ӦܲĲԾģ״̬ЩƮ
·Ժ״̬, ֪׿ʲô, », ˵һ춯صϢ
æ˳·ָʾǱȥ
վûܳɹĺס, һ֮, Ǳקȥǰ, һ·һı, ڻʶ·ʮֵĲ˼飬һֱʣôʶģ
ǰżȻ
ʲôʱģ
ꡭûʲôʱ򡣡
⻹Ϲ˵, ·μʱ, ·Ҳûô
ð⻰͵ͷĪĸпһ, ֪Щʲô, һȻ̧ͷҲҪúõŬ˵Ժ, Ҳܸ˼˵Ҹҹдûʱʶˡ
Ц˵õİ
ʵеѶȡ
ҹдָһµĻֺ˾ǽġ
һ棬ھȻҪҹдˣͲò˸п޳
˼ôʱ򣬻µʼ͵͵ĴһϵΣ·ʲôģղ·ǿʲôŻǸӵģ̶ȲС
ͷԽԽԻãʼϹԼһСľͳ˸ıڰɣ
ɱû˵ʲôȽĹ
ָоֵֹġһ·߹ʱ룬Աߵǹǰ·ԣԼĽɫӦþɫǱߣͼȥС
˻
±ͷĻл㱵ģһ·ϻǸ˹
ϲɺصǣʱƣڽߵĵطҲԽԽ࣬ڽⷽһ̸ֱֽҲڲһ˿ԡ

ܴܲĹˣָǱĽ˵
һ£ÿ˶ʢ﹦ʿĵ䣬һģܹС
㿴۾ҪŹˣҲĿһۣȻ˵ɡ
еĵòͦÿ²ǻὣһ۾Ϳ˳˵ʵʵĶˣﻪͷһһԼȻ书ź
ԿǱ߰ͣȻĬĬתͷһۻ¡
һΪʱִ̫ϵĳ£˵Ҳͦģôô
ǱߵǸأתߣָһˡ
¿˹ȥһһ۵ˣ鼫ɫɫģߵϸаĻƣΧʱڿҡ
ҲסöģַҲֶҲô¡µ
ĬĬתͷۻ¡
ɸɾһһֱЦǺǵģɢһºûʲôԵĸо
һˣ˵ףܶΪǽͷѸβĴˡ
ˣǴ
¿ΧЩ˧ǣпϣ֪ôһ˧绹ͦ࡭Ƕôܴӡ
һȱʢ˥˵СҲͦÿģվһź
ʱ򣬾͸оߵĬĬĿһǱߵǣתͷۻ£ֿһǡ
ˣˡܲˣң㵽ôˣе㺦¡
ûʲôҾǾá˵˵ԽԽ죬һԼڸԼӣɺ࡭
ʱŷġ˼һȺ˵㣬ǲе̫㣿ǰôû²۵
ʱ򣬲ڲҹд趼ǴģȫûгΪʡ
ûоáһ㲻Ծ㿴ǣٿǡ޵ĸʾ
ûá
ٺúõĿ𡭡ա


˾ôһ·Ϲһ·ڸСҴܣܵһطʱ򣬻ӭ濴ŶǸ漷˺üͣ⼸͸ղſЩһλġ
ֵʡ
Ҹʲ͵ˡ˵žקԱߵһͣʣλ磬ܸܲ˵һＷŸأ
סǸҲǸһˣ͸˵ĸо񽣿͡
һʼסʱһƣƺڻɶ֪ʮֲһŻϵԽԽıҲͱˡ
ߵס˭ѵ֪𣿡
˭
Ǹ˿µǿ񾭲һ˵סˮ
ˮôôأã֮С
ֱԺ˰ΣʮӲڷӦ໵һɤӺ˳ѻŵһ飬ŴļŪˮ˭
Ȼˮһͣ
ԱЩǰĽͣڱקסĽͶԼͬĳ߿˹
ԺȻ޵ĺܿһЩǽСԺķ񣬾˵һϸխӡ
ﴩ͸ǿҿ˵ǡ
¾ԼĶ߲ͣĻطšһһͽͽͿ͡
ڳ˶ˣһĴûԼһɤô£ǱߵĽҲȫǽӲı顣
ϾҶͬУи·ôǱѭһ
µһӦǸϽס㣬ֹһᰤᣬžղһֱյĴƺһЩ죬Ӧ˳
ԱߵĽͽ԰ľһˣˮӾͿʼ£涼ûκڵһ졣
ȻҲˮǳģϾղһɤӿ񡭡
¿ˣײüͷ
һƺƣԱһ籣ƶȡ
ûв´ĻСͬ־Ӧá
Ȼڱƿһ̣¾ͿͷûС۳˳˪ϳ
Ȼ󲿷˶ϾСͬ־һֱӡ
ɱڵĿ˹ĿӦѰ㣬ȴڿµʱһӾ
գգ۾קסԱС֡
С۵ĺ¶˶
ԱߵĽͶڰԵĲ²⣬Ůһֲ˺ˣˮʲôˣǼֱ֮˰ſڴôˣ
ǿ˵ӣȫǽСװһ㶼صһ֣һһ书ͲôõŮˣϸ϶ûټİ˵Ƣһֱõĵһ
ȻôʱǾͿһֱ˪һѽµĽɱ˵
Ҫˣȥɡ
лҪ˵͸оҵͯû۴ˣҰ󣡣
һҪúְҪ֤Ҫˣ
ͷŶ=أ=

ϲ

ˮڵһ˲, ΧЩͼԼĶ䡣
ȻвǵһοˮģֻǶˮ˽ٵˣҲûˮȻᷢƢ
Ȼɺܱ䣬ϸȻ൱ġƽ⡱ġ
һЩûôƢܲĽҪƽĶˡ
ô˵Ȼе棬ȷʵӣ֮һǱ´Ƣʹġ
ˮ̬ķǳأǸһ, Ŀһ, ֻܸоһֺ⡣
ǵ仰ʱ, ͺȻϲôӲˡ
ˮ, һ, á
¸оֺȻů
Сͬ־ı飬΢΢գգ۾, ¶һõЦݡ
С۽ӲתȥǾͺá
¿С, ۶ǡȰϾǻĽ͡
, , ȸղŹȥǿˣôһС˧磬ôڽϴͷأ
ˮҲû, ˵꣬ת˻ȥӲĵô˵¹š
Щ͵Ӱôĸߴ󣬾ܸղЩͻͼΧһսʲôģһʵһӲıƻ˰ٷ֮ʮҪ˵ˡ
ʣµİٷ֮ʮʹ˵ˮҲͲˡ˵Ҳ֣һ书ߵ˿ԡᡱһ㣬һȺ͵ʱȴ˸ҿ
һƬžˮȥܾ֮
ԱߣѾ۶Сˡ
´ԱѾ˵㣬ʮֵĴȺ֮߹·ʱ˳ƿһɵ˵Ľͣ߳ԶԶŻع
ò˵ȷǼˣԻµŮӽղȷǱ絽ˣعٶҲǳĿ졣
תͷԻ˵е㲻һġû뵽Ȼһˡ
˵⻰ʱ۾ＸڷŹ⡣
û뵽ɡʵҲû뵽˵
Ҳû뵽СͬѧȻôˣ仰û˵˲ԵĲС
Ǹ֮ء߳ȥԶǲסĻͷС۵ķ
֮ˡ
ƺͳһַǳ֮ĸоݵ˵ۣɼ˱һر㡣
˵۵ʱһʵģΪŮĻҲ׾ٵľһ㡣ȻһŮ۵ˣֻĿ
ʱһ˾壬ʵĲΪһЩĶ
¾ûⷽ滹ҪǿҪúõһ´ҵʶϾȻ󲿷ֵҲǿվһЩ߰·ߵġ
Ա߻ǶСͬ־˷ܵ㣬룬Сͬ־Ҫĥ
ˮô

еʱǺýеʱǺýˡ
ˮ˵ھͲӦóİʱˣǷǱùĽ
һ˰棬ĵȴţ֪ڵ˭ڵĳͬٲһӼͷ䡣
û֪ڵʲôҲû֪ıŵʲô˲ãͻȻЩ졣
ˮû˿⣬˵һ䡣
ˡ
ı֪ʱһߵˡ
һص·ĵ̺ͼڽֻ˿˫ɫ۾
ŷ·ֹСҹȴ˿ûˮķУˮԱеĸǵɲ
˽֮󣬺ȻľͳԱߵһ˹ȥˮȫ̶ûзӦ
˿»ᾪһص
˽֪ԸһĽͣȻһôݣ˵ȥ˶š
ʲô
Ǹ֮
˵꣬ˮЦһЦܺҲȷŨ˭ŨŨĲš
㲻ֻġˮʵĿĵʲô
˵ʵȻ㲻ţֺαҪء
˳Ĭ˻ᣬˮ
˵һЩԣǸˡǲ㡣
ЩңЩң뿪ʱѾ̫ˡǸɢ˵Щ鶼Ҹɵ𣿡
ҲãΪЩˣ㡣
䲻ˮĻشƺǵõһ벻ĻشǱĬȥ
ǸԼ벻Ȼܴˮһ仰
ˮûתȥϸֽյĽģָⱻѩס

˺ܾãǸֿ˵ˣһεҪӵ죬ԣǵĵȷȷҡֻһȺӵģߣҪַʽڮң˶ϲҡ
˭ȻϵһֿĿĸоͺһСӺȻõϲǹһ
𰸱赭дЩĵ˵˳
أ
ң
ô죿
ˮûΪʲô仯ɵЩˡǶҪʲô
ܼ򵥡ߵĵ˵ǾܹõһЩҪĶ
ǱûַǵأֻһĵطţҲᱻǺϣˮŨŨɷ
ˣôأֻϲǡ
ŶˮЦĸôϲǣ
ϲҲкüϲġ˰뿿ϣа˵ôã㻹ǲ̫˽鰡
⻰˵ķǳֹĸо
ˮ͵ս¶ʮ룬ֲòİɿ
Ǹ˿֮󣬾ƺǾøӵĿˣЦЦ÷·ӶҪˡ
ϲһҲϲϲһҲϲϲɱһˣȻҲϲ
ֻ˲Żᶮ
㻹ǺúõĿǿԼɣС͡ǸվƺתҪȥſͣȻ˵ϲأϲǻȥأ
Ҳ
ȻϲǻţΪǻžͿ԰飬ǲϣš
˵ЦͣӴŽҵԺʢĻ
˶ڿ־ǣֶҪƿǡ

ʲôҪĻһҪڸҡ
һᣬˮЩѵ˵仰
ƺǲ˵ֲò˵˵仰˵Ǽѣ͸֡
Ǹ仰תͷһۣвǷŭҲϲãһʮְݵ񣬾ͺһĺһ
ˮĪ񾭹뿪ںһɤӣȴֻǰһɴ΢΢ҡΡ
Ǹ˾һһʧˡ

Ҫ

˯һʼŵǸ, ûиһס֡ƽ񷿼䡱, Ȼ˵һ, ֮ܵ, ֱӾȥˡҡ
ڶʱ, ¶̫˸, ȻͿŵ￪š
߳һЩǷϵˣǸ˸뻪ϴμ, ϵĺٳһϴμʱ, ˿Ǹ΢ЩǷϷˣؾ۳ķչˡ
¿˵ʱ˵Ӳ˰ʱʲôû, ֻڻԵ
Ǹ˿Ļʱ׼ŵĽŲҲ΢΢Ķһ¡
˸˴֮䶼һĪΡ
ңǰ, Ǵҹĺƻȥ桰һƱġû´ҹй, ȻŤͷͱץˡ
ʱĵĶԻ˵û£϶ܱ
Ȼڴһ·˳ˮƯʱ, Ǿ۳ԽƯԽԶ

֮ܶ, һĻ̥˺һţƴ˵֮˴εһμ档
ҲæԶԷ˸к
ϣȻ㡣óʱ䲻һΪء
Ǹ÷ǳԻ˵
Ļ˲һ졣
ȥ, ˵еֱ
ǡһ𣿡ָǰһʣһǰʱӴӻˡ
ǰɡӡ
ǻĻʱ򡣡Ǹ˵˵ЩʲôԱߵ߳һŮֱľߵ˵Ҷˡ
ˣȥԷɡ
˵žת뿪ȥԷˣڶǸŮ²
¿ǸŮӡһܹŹֵĺȹӣڲ԰׵Ƥ˫Ȧص۾
ǸŮӵ۾۰ױۺҪö࣬䲻һͺ۾ڵš
ôһ˲䣬»ᵽϵһζ˵Ȳȣ˵𣬷Ŷͷ͵һζ
һ˵һ߳ųԷĵطˣǸֵŮһ·϶ûۿһۣǸ˻Ż»˻֣ʱģһ㣬ˡ
˺ܳʱ䣬»ǡ
ˡ
һ²ԼȻڹŴ¸ܵ˷磬һ߷һյֽ
Ȼһѣ¿϶Ҳ־ܵġ
һԻһԼԤУһͣģ϶ʲôڲ֪ʱͺȻˡ
Щ׼ȷͻᱬʱ
ԻЩ˼Ѿһμⳡᣬľε
óȥĻ»ᾪˣޱȵҵ껨ôһаƻȻ⵱ʱֻΪ׬Ǯģò˵ڵز׬ǮȣЩ˸мֵ
Щ˻һôǵĵرɾмϵ˻ǸһȺϵһ
Сۡ
ߵѡ֣¾óԼ϶вԼ֣СλľǶһ޶ġ
ȥһۣ⺢ӻͦ
°ֻ϶סˣ˵Ҳ˼Щ֮ϳʵҲ࣬˫ʱǶһܿ¾ǵϰ塣
û˵㰵Ķͷ
ʱһַֻ˽°ԼеֽպãӸӵժһš
ֻɵɵĸͷŻµ֣ƺôѾһأ
²ֽ֮һۣǽּ
ŵ˽Ҫˣٵ

̫ˣ֪𣿡Իµ
𣿡ûʲô룬һʼҪһ
ǽҵһСӣҲ࣬ʮҵӣ˽ͻ֮⣬мմˡ
¿˽ͷһЩûʲô飬󲿷ֶϸˣһòˡʢ
ǰЩӻ¾˵ʢˣٵٶȿ˻һҲ˿ѷɫ
ҪʼʢǲǱʲô֪Ĵ£ϾϱʢְλԸյĻˮǴߵģһû˵ʲôԿڲʲô֪顣
μֳһ㶼ǴͣĹԱһһϰ˵ʲôʲôøɶɶ͵ˡ
һҲһôϲ˵ˡ
ڽ氲Ŀ棬ʢڽʱ鱨
һʼûϵô˹ʢô˾й
ˡ
¾Ŀŵ棬һʼٰΪ߲ƽҪ£ɵǶⲻܰ˵̫ףֻƾһͷЩ˾ۼ
ϱûвμӹΪ漰һ˼⣬ƵĴħ档
ûļɻаɣħȴһûǰûºħ̵˲ڲԶĵطһܣЩħûһ˵˳һߵģҸظңҸ衣
Ҫҳӣħ̵˲Żǰμִᡣ
µѾħ̵˻ˣҲ˵ħ̵ˣƻһЩεˡ
ԣûдε֮һ
Դ˻û˿˼뷴
żȻٰܾᣬǾ˵ܰһģ³ôĲ
²ϱᵽôģһ£ΧЩаٷ֮ʮǲμӹǴɡ
ԣⳡ򵥵ʵϱɹɱʼŵ̵ǴӼǰͿʼġ
ǵĿľԲֹ˵ôӦûһЩԼС˼ǰЩɾۼһҲδһֶΣ»һٸɵġӡ
ϸϸŵֶβݵģϱǸմһƷĻôⳡϷյӮӦţΪΪǵˡ
˵һҪᶨƵĸߣҪʱ򻹿˸ţ˭Ĵг͢Ĵȴְ
ӸˮֵĶѧʲôֵ֪ʶĻôš
ţȻһǳֵͷȻϱ̵ô࣬ΪҪɱ磬ôⱲΪʲôأ
׹ۣ
ԲԡҡҡͷⱲӵ׹ۺȣˡֱˡ
ϱٶȼ˻ģⱲ׹۸˵ĸоݻǰʱõϢ׹۲Ÿոհ¥淴ɵѹȥһ·Ҫء
ôˡ˭أ
ӦҲǹһ֪ĴڣⱲӸϱΨһǹȷ˭
һ㶼ûзɾӣʢһְٶȣټڲͰĶ
˻
վ֪ΪʲôЩҸоԼĺһ
Ѿȷһйڣһֱ
Ŀǰԣ죬дڸеǡ
ĬĬһҪһСԼĴڸУʱȴȻʢԼ֣ǰЩЩ˵һ𣿡
æ̧ͷִҶ￴˹ӲͷƤʼԼǰ챻ŪϴĹ¡
ʢһֱº͵ĿҲ۾ظǰЩѾ˵˵Ĺ¡
ѾϱˣοֻΧһ顣
µĹºܼ򵥣žǱץ˹ȥȻ㱻ƭȥŮװУû˳ȻС˵·ڴǱ˺ü죬ŴϱҵʱҲŻˡ
һĵط»಻ôףƫƫϱС
˵ʲôʱصˣϸڶܸԭĻ֣ȸڲͨ˶ʾʲôë
ȵ°½꣬ű佩Ӳˡ
찡
ڸʲô
¾ԼְʯͷԼŵĸо
˵µʱԼѾûԭǹˣȴûžȻҪ׿ڵô˰ٽһΡ
ٽһεûʲôòҪͨҵһͻƿڣ˵֤һθµ˵˭
¸оԼھΪϴһСĴͷԼˡô˵Ҳе㲻̫Ծ
죬¶ô£ƫƫڻոձĳôĵΪʲôͷ֮
Ȼʢ˻˵Щ֮Լ˼һᣬΧвҲ˽˻ᣬʢ̧ͷζ˵֣𡭡

֣ûͷƤըˡ
ڷͷԷ籩˵һӣȴǸ²òȥĴӡ
Ϊ²ǻĲԣ˼ҵıζ㲻ȥġ
߽ʱ򣬺Ȼһ˿˿ڡ
մˡҾ¿һЩ⣬ϣٺú롣
һ仰һһڳ˼۵˶ͣ
ԭڿҲȻҲžһ¡

ոտڵǽʢ˵һֱμֻʱһİı飬˵ȴʮֵ򶨣˾Īеס
Ҳſ˽һ˿΢ɲ
Ŷʢ˽ûʲôļ˵Ҵܲ³ʲôĹŹ̫ࡣ
ʱ㿴ģƫƫǵ㿴ģұȽҵֱģֱң鲻ôļ򵥡Ǳһᾫô׵ץ㿴ôЩһôɵľץˣ
Ļ˵꣬µҲŽƽоԼҲĲٳˣҲܹ˼ȥ
ʢ˽ĻҲĬһᣬã΢΢̾˿
˵Ķԡ
һ仰ʱ򣬻µ˲
̧ͷһ۽ȴպÿȻҲڿ
˵ĪڿϬײһ£ȻʲôûзƵķֿ
ʢ̫Ѩ˵ҪҪһЩˣ²͵Ĳֹһ
Ѿ׻ָӣְʢ飬ɽۻһһˣǱõһôưոݡ
ɣ˵һϷأЩˡƢء
˵⻰ʱ򣬻ܾЩָĸо
ʢ˵ͷ֪ʲôȻ俪˵ɣЩҪ鷳һЩˡ

ʢȻҪˮǲˮøһ㡣
죬ǻɢҲϢ׼һ£ʱǵһ

һ꣬¾վ濴ſֵļ¼Ȼ㿴ʲôأ
۾ֱֱĵ
šĻµļ򣬡˵ɢϢɢϢһҪϳ˵һҪϳĴǸŶʮˣԲµġ
ϴҲôҵģȻҾͱͱһĬĬİѽִԼļŲ
Ҳû˿ε˼ڻµҲͣԼҲſǼ¼
Աߴ˴ܣΣǴ붫ˣȻһ˸һͻе벻ȥˡ
ղŽڰ˵ȷʵЩϡ
ʵڸղŽ˵ЩͦȵģǺһĥԾӦϵЩ²ǻģΪϹ˻棬
ʱǸ̬ȣǸ˶ܿⲻĻʹ˵̬ȡ
ԽӦȷ»ûϵǱ֮ʢǰô˵ģû¸Ǿˡ
ΪΪ˵ĸһ㣬ѻֹ˵ǽտڲԡ
Լע⵽һ£һЩ飬üε飬лܸ֮ʶ顣
ҲͰˣһνֱӰ˻һˣǻۿģ¶顣
￴˰¼Ȼ̧ͷ̫۵⣬˵ı鶼˵ȥˡ
תߵľ͸ʱһͻ¶ûܷӦֱ߳ȥüźȻʵ㡭
һˬĻعͷ
ӣ˺ð죬˵ʲôϲģҪĶ𣿡
У뷽跨Ūһ½
˿ĶԻ˵ҪġҪĶȥˣϧҪҪġ
һ˵һЦת˹ȥǸǰĵɵӡ
ǣķҪ˵һҪľһȥ˼ġ
˼󣬺Ȼ˵
ºȻΪԼˣΪôжľԶڽĿС
仰ڴʱ˿Ҳ˷ֲαĻģһ滰ֺһЦ
̾˿ֺȻתͷ»ָƽӡ
ȥϴϴЪŰɣҹŲŹǵģļеæء
лҪ˵duanһ죬ȥ
ܻһЦϵģƤ񣬴˲
죬ǵ֪Ϳǹﻹǽˡ
ͷŶ=أ=



ͽֱԺ, ¾С·ԼС, ׼Ϣһ£ȻٿǱ߻ô
տŵʱԼʲô, ƺʲôڱĦţһתͷ, ɾͶ㿪һ˹ˡ
ѽˡ
˹˼㿪ùɳƵɤûʲô˵һ䡣
ЩĪĿǰĹ, ʱǸ
ܵǰ, ϵ, ¿ĪЩë
Ҫ
䲻һС°޻ӵ˶ϣ˵Լ}ûҲǲܵ, Ҳ˼롣
ȻȻ俪ʼСһȥ
ȵȡ, ҪæһסţöԷԼְ׵ľ롣
ýаţǱ߽Ȼñ, ߺȻһ
㡭㵽ڸʲôǲ˼ʵ
ǸŮһ֮ͣ, ȻԻµϡ񡭡
û˵, ͺȻһУ֯}ˣѻӲųһƤ
ΪﲻСı߸ҧأֻ˴ӱקһ, Ȼס졣
ǸǷϴϰקİקߣûǸ֧ᣬû£ϲϹ˵Ҵȥͺˡ
ǾͺáĬĬĿ˰ѹ˹ȥ
ȫûµӰ
ȵ˳뿪Ժ󣬻½ӣԼţͲѱˡ
񡭡Ҳûʲôζ

֮ļ죬ʱʱľ;ԼΪһͻȻָ
ëȻǣֱ״
۲صҳûĿʼԼǲʲôֵζˡ
Ȼ»Ĳһֱ⼸ͦҪء
ǽ㴩·һƽƽ˶Ի˵
ǡĿĳԱ֮һרжԽӵġ
¶º͵ĵл׼ô·ȥʱ򣬶·Ǹ˺ȻС˵ӳңر㡣
⻰ñ뿪Ļһ¡
תʱǸ˶Żصһֱ书رװ綼ûܿΪ˻رá
öˣסҡͷʾԼûС
ڡĿ涼㱻ѹեϰߵˣ˵Ŀ˾ûвѹեģ⻹ͷһ˵ЩûӦ
˵ǰѾǰķ緶ΪֹѾ˶ʮͣɱĽ֪ˣûһء
ҶһıѹեһݷڡĿЩԵúۣȺеòƻرӡ
ϾǶԻµĵһӡ󶼲ǵڵһμʱָɽҵӣǸڽȷѪ꣬ʹ硣
Ȼ֪ⲻ»ûȻ˻Ϊġ
΢ǣȻʵľԸá
ðɡһ롰Ŀǽֻɫܹ˽Ϊô˵ˣֻΪʱ˿΢
Ǹһ˷ܵضԻµ֮˵ԭǡ֮ǰû˽Ƣ˶öˣȫûбô


ȻһŮӵ˵ĶԻ
Ǹʱ򣬾˲䷴Ӧ˹
һѽӹǸе·ȻǰתͷȥһǸͻȻŮӣЩε˵ôָˡ
ˣȻǹ޻ӹ
ʲôǸûشµ⣬ֱһ⡣
ı˻µǰŲ԰׵סҪȥŵĶʲô
һѶõߣһѶõǱߣɴֱӾ
ǸŮһͷǰ¾ͷе⣬һ˵˶ǻṦģǲá
ǸеᶼѾˣµûйָֻҲЩŵˣ֮ǰ΢ĳ
ûȻûֵزĵֵزôĸÿһ
ѵû˽̹㣬ĿеĶǺΣյ𣿡µõͳ
ڴ֮ǰº͵˵ģ⻹ͷһв
˵ˡ
Ա߸½ͷĬĬ۽ƿ˻һۣƺ۾ųϵ۵ĸоȻֱ¸ơ
ûСǹﷴͦġ
ºȻԼ˵ˣۿžͺȱƵģ˵ô׷Ѿ
ǱߵǸû¸ʹ˼ɫ֮תͷˣ߻ڸｩţһᡣ
εʣ㵽żʲô
һֺŵζ
ŻתһȦ¿ղŽͷǸ˭ûʣеǳںԲҪģͻȻúܵˡ
תԼȥǸ׷ں档
ȵ°ŹϵʱǸ͸պñ档
°ŹϣһȻæдŸ
дǸϽһЩζر֬
ȷʵйŹ֡
µȷԼϵʲôζζķʽ͸ʾһָŨҵζȥڸǡ
ͻȻһֻҲûʲôֵģַֻܹסǸﹷһıӡ
ַȻΪﻯĵ·ϽнԶˣµ黹ǺܵģϾⶫҲӦ˶Բԡ
ûдţΪϵʲôζԼ˵
˵һЩܻᱩ¶ʲôζôȫµ˶ΪǸڣҲԸŵ֪

·ڽҵ˯˯ţһһۻɫĹ
浽ҹҲûôϨĵƣȻ俪ʣǲ⣿
ȷ󡣡·˸ǲġȥ˽ˡ
ʽˣƽ˷ܵĵô˵ģ
š
̫ˡ˵һǶԵġһ־̷ģ㵸ġ
·ȥ΢΢ЩƤЦⲻЦ
˵ġ
뿪ڼ˵ʲôǾͷ˸׼˯ʱš
·𣿡
·̧ۿȥվŸһˡ
лҪ˵ҪǮҪĶ࣬ˡ
ֵ÷зģ˵һҵĴ㡭ǩ˵ģһʱܲ˵ģҲ֪ǮҲдûǮҲдд档
Ŀǰվ˵ʱywҲɶʱҲֻⷽͲܰæˣֻ˵ľȷʵǸˣϣһĺȥ
˵һҲ۶ˣһ˵ԣΨһľںͬø˼סҵ֡
˲ʲôʲô룬ֵֻµĺҵĶ߷

һҪúдһҪúд˳ģ˳ĵĶ
Ȼд࡭ûҪղʲôģͲҪĺһɤӣ鷳λС˽һȨ޸Ĳݰ鷳ˣ
ͷŶ=أ=

ʮζ1

һǰ, ·ţֵ, ôӣ
·֧˰, ˵𣿡
˵ˣôˣ
⣬ⲻ̫ҧгݵص, ôͻȻأ
ôˣ·, ˼߾¡
Ļƽ·Աߵһ, ˣ硭˭𣿡
Ǹˣ·üҾáĲһʼǴ, ˺Ͳͬһˡ
Ļðһֲ, ˰, ˵Ϊʲôôã
Ϊ·صģĴ˹ȥ, ·, °
ÿϵ·ˡ
ЦˣҾúڶǸĲһ硣·, Ϊҵһˡ
ˡǳ鴤һ£˵˭


ȻҲ֪ڶôóģǺڶ˵Ļ, һ硣·ΪСͱһֱŵģҪ磬¾˵ͨˡ
ŷǳŵ·һʱҲ֪˵Щʲôá˺þãһ䣬ΪʲôһýǶأ
ΪҾ⡮˳ǰʱͬϢ·û취ָо֮пܾǺڶҡ˵Ҳ׼ȷпǺڶһϵ¼Ĳ߻ߣǲߡ
˵ϾûиڶͬϢ𣬽ͺȻµӡ
ǳ鶯˺þãǣȥɣ¾ˡ
뿪֮󣬰źȻԼ˶ûУ·ʻ£ҲͻȻǵûº񲢲ᱩ¶Լݵġ
һȻûܺ·ϣȴ˰ע⡣
ˡصΧ˶ʵݣʵ̫ˡ
߸пʱĻƽȴ׷˳Сʣ·ղŶ̸Щʲô
㡭֪ıЩ졣
룡
ղˡصĴյ˻ƽĶߣȻøղŸ·һǷ°

ǸǴǴӮˣҲûʲôõӡ
εһ˵һ߱ǰߣոճԱĲ붯ƫƫʳϳˡ
ǡҹдϷǳĹִΨһһ
⻰ģΪ˻еءĬĬ롣
󣬴һ㶼ۼڽլһԺ룬ȻнЩ˱⣬ȻҲǿԱʹõġ
Ҳǳ󷽣ֻҪû⡣
ǽ飬ЩͶѽһвྫ񽣿͵ģһЩȽϲ˼Ľ͸ûȨΨнǳ߳ˣŻڽѽ
ǸǸ㿴ǹģקŻر˷ܵĺ
͵һͷպþͿһͣʱĪ䣬ҸһĪо
ͺһɰżǿǺĵһ
ĹǰȷԻԵģĳ˵ܱһ㽣ɱ󣬻ĬĬĿŹĴǰ߹˵ĿͶ˾Ӱ¡
ǰĵλܸߣ߿һƬطԿó֮˶׷׸·
˵ǰϳѾõĽȥˣȻ͸󣬳磬ȴûһܱȵùǰģ˷ܵ˵
òҡִݰ׹
ĪЩǰᣬҲ׼ȥŶԷ
˼һĽͺʮߵҹд϶ǲߵģûǲҪ鷳
ѽÿͿˡŻһһѱÿĽЩ΢
Ϊ⽣ԭȾǻģǺȥ˵ġ
⽣ŮԵĽǶֱǳֺÿһѽԵĽǶѽеˡ
һֱ۰Ͱ͵Ŀǰѽ¾͵ϲϲ԰
ڻµĹĶ£ҲʼЩҡ¸ɴһѰѽ˹һ£ȻһϤĿ̺ۣײЦһ
ιģʲôԱߺȻƳһָŻµıʡ
ЩĿ˹ȥͿһʶָͿʼ
¾еƽʱ⽣˰Ҳû˶һأΪ̫࣬¶һ¾Ͳˣͺѽһ
кãﰵıӽʱˣС˼ڲƵġ
ҲãȺ˭ˣ˭ǹҲܷˣһλһҪĿġҳķӡ
ʲô˵һֱҪû¸˴һܣͻȻʶܻеŵġ
ر𵭶ס㣬ʾҪš㿴Ż£ƺЩȫû뵽ʱͻȻͷ
Ͼ˵Ƣദôû֪ģǸ൱鷳Ҳϲܵˡ
ῴŻЩô˵Щ΢ֳһĪڴ
ôأ
ǻ⼸ЩԵĽһͻȻһ䲻⣬ĽȻ̴Է壬ֻǳ־Ǿʽ޷ֵ
Ψһһμ³֣ҲֻڳһΣľöԷδرЩĽ͵ͣ⡰ȫǱһ֡ھ򡱳ͣ˵վе㲻ͬĺ塣
ڴУĬĬİѽһԣȻʼһȫʼϲ顣
һӶˣȻʼԼĿȡ

ϵЦ𽥵̣ŻµĶһãȻ˵ڸ
·ŪⲻģģҪŪˣֹü졣һϵһ
Ҳ˰ɣɰҲһպãȻŪô죬ôʮǮĳǮء
˼⽣һҪŪô졭Ҳⲻ𰡣ҽû̫Ա
°ȫʰȫʰһ飬ˣһũҪµǰ׼һвˮ¹ƻڡ
һ׼˵ˣ˶ˡ
̵̡̣ò̡ڡûס
Ĵ󺰣ںʲô·ͺɰͲһ𣡰·һֱӳȥ򰡣
·ͦġ
㿴˼Щͣ·һϴϴֱˣļͻ·鰡㵹ãʲô·ӮҸһף
Ǯ
ͼʮģ㶪ǳԲ𷹻ôŰ
ʵԲ𷹣γϾʹ⼸ʮġ
ѽԲ㣬ˣ
ͻƽСǱ߹ƽ׷ʰأײ棬Ҳһ㶡
㿴һ۰ͻƽ˲͸ըˣŻµ˼Ҷڿأں·Ǯˣϰɣ
лҪ˵⼸ע˸΢ҺȻöߺ߼仹ǵոֱӽġ
ʱҲ֪ʲôܷϻһЩĶаɡ
ҲȥעǶʲôϢ󲿷ֶ֪
ͷֻĵ
ɥˣ۷ɶҶ²ˣҰĵĿİɣ
ͷŶ=أ=

ʮζ2

ͻƽһ¡
Ҳ, ҲǸմȻӭײгһĻ, ûеɵѾˡ
Ҳײ, ǰҲԼʲôԡ
Ǳȫϣ˵ˣôˣѵܷ¶𣿴ҲûǮԷ
Ǳ°Ͷ, ŻһߵСɰʵʵĿ, һֱѭʲôʲôʲô
ƽʵڶˣǰʱÿλ¶Իʦǰģľǻʦǳʲô, ʱûǮ
¿һ۶, ˺ʶԼԵһʮͣһʱúõӦһ̬, ȻȻͷſ˳㿴Ǹӣ㻹䵱
ƹΪ仰һһİֱӾ˻µǰΡԼĽ
Ϊʵ̫ûɱ, ضûôֵضŻµɣҿģ˻óʲôɣ
һ̧־͵ס˶Էһι
˵ǹ, ˵ǡɧţ
ڻ³ֵٶ̫죬ûκνУ￴ƽƽ棬˵ʵ޻
ָоž͸ʵũһһʹһϹȻʹһϹӣһûУһû˾û˿ĿʼԸһ
ԱΧ۵˸оⳡսıӦӦĳͷ£նݵͣһ롣
ţǸŭˡ
ŭĿܲǻ¾ȻܽסĹŭǻ¾ȻıƸ
ңҲܸ˼ҴһأĽģͻȻͿˣʲô
½סһ󣬻һ䣬ʵҲýϰõ
Ѿйˣ²ۻʱͻȻĳһõʲô˼ֱбƸһμ˼˵㲻ýõ
ԱߴϵµĨ˰
ͷ书ô𣿡ƽЩ˼ʡ
ӦáҲǡǿ˵ŵòǻ̫죬ֱֱȥûиԷκˣеĻᣬȷһŨŨ嶷ŹķΧ
ͦ᳴ģʶʶģƸ˲Լ˽ʱ˫Ѿֳ˸£ڱǰҲʵĸ̨¡
ڽϻ죬˭Ƹ簡
˼¶æıƣǶŻһһ˵ƫ棬бžͳŻµѴ˹
ۿŻ¾Ҫ͸ķ죬ɥȪغһ޵һ¶ǣȻһ֡ƽƽİ⽣סˡ
ǵסˣһֶ˽Ȼǰϸһ¡
ὣҲǳأһ֣ùˣ򵥵ľͺ˯·һ
ڸԱߺȻĬĬʳ⡣
ذɣƽԱдʵĸͣһڸ翴ĽôѽһҸʱΪҪء
ֱա
˵ոյǾ仰ֻǸ²ۣǸʾ䣬Ĺ۲죬ӦãܣţڱȽ
һ뵽ûƽôȥҲãı졣
еûš
¿⽣¶ˡʵˡĴЦݡ
Ǹ˵ȻͦʵõģʵЧܻûѺأʵĲͬһ£
˵˵ţָָһ£˵ĽһĻ졣
һԼģε峺͸鼫ȳϿҵ˵ѲǺýӿ̫ܲãþ¡
㿴Ҿ˵ڿذɣƽһļš
ԶĻ£ȻʼһֱŵĳЩ˾޴ҲĥĻɣֻɵӰ֮ȥ
ᣬǶԼĳʶ˻ɣҲȥ˼ԡ¼ĶǷʲôֻǺȻ·ղŸ˵Ļ˵Сӵֱһֱ׼Ŀ¡
ѵ˵Ĳ²ǳ⣬ѹͲǺڶˣ硭
ͷһνӲվڷٵתšʱ˵Ǹ˼״ʵЩסˣŻ´󺰣ƥ㣬޳ܣ
ػ
ڻ￴йڽĹ£ЩĳƺǡĮ͡ǡӡ֮ġ
Ȼ˳ƺһ֡ĴСƥ򡱡
˵̫ˣܡ
㣬ôˣۣ¿һվڽ㣬ġʡ
ûУֻǡֻһۡǽ˵ҿҪһ
ﴴʵǡ̫ˡԱһֱΧŵİҲͬܵ˵ƽỹȫû״أɳĳ֮С
˾޴֮ܿˣȻҲУûˡ
³̾һ㿪ĵ˵ˣ˰ɣ㣬ѽҪҪÿ
ҾʵҲôҪˡ
ͦõģҴûùôõĽ۾˵Ϲĵýǲһﶼһ
ҡƺԻ˵ʲôŻ¡ʵӣƺһ֪ġʵЦݣջǱĽӹ˽
ӹһ̣¾ͷΧȢ׵ʵСһȥҵò˥
߰ɡ뿪ҪԼĴԣ׼ȥúõ˯һȻ˵ʲôڶˣʲô磬ͨͨˣȥɡ
Ȼڰ׼뿪ʱǸոȥ˾Ȼ۷˻
ʱ˿̣ڳ˶˼ûһע⵽ȥ󷵵ˡ
һҪԼʵʳҲòʲô·Ū˻÷죬Ҳûԭÿˣ򲹶·ຮᰡڶ׻׻̻塣
㶼ѾˣһС˸ȷʵǸΪⶫӲףˣҲֻܵͷ˵ǡ
ȻŻشʱȴתͷ
Ȼ֡ʵӡı鶼ʧ˴롣
Щº͵ʧ֮ȡ֮ģȻһ˵䡣
ͷôȻӦҲˣƽһվڽôţȻ䷢˿Լֵһתͷף
ոջǸ˾վǰ
гһѽ⽣ӷǳĹŹ֣Ѫۣžݣ·һҰޣ
ıѾŤˣƽź֪ʶﲻԡ

˵Ľʱ򣬻ƽΪڽ㶼ûеط㡣
ü־壬ֻüһ
ʱȻ˴קһѡ
һ˺Ȼӥһͷס϶һȻķ磬һǰˡ

ʮζ3

קȥʱ򣬻ƽû̫ʲô, ֻǾǰһ
ȵƽʱ, Ѿקһߡ
ղǸڵϰ, ƽڵϵһ
۰۰
չͶƲ˽, ǰǸϣڵһͶӰ
ƽոʵһϵжˣһ̧ͷӭ⣬ʮ侲ӡ
Ȼǳƽ͵ĿŵϰǸˣǿſմѪ
һʱ䣬Ƭŵģÿ˶֪ʲô
ղ˵ȥʱеĽˣ˦һ, ˹ȥһۡ
˻±ˣڳҲûзӦʲô
ղŻֳһɥ֮, °Ͷ, ĿɿڴĿߣ˺졣
ղŻһʱҪת뿪, ҲҲǣҲǡ
侲ĳֽ˰, ⽣ϿͲʲôͨõĽֵһɲǱƺ˵Ķ˰ء
Ҳûô£һ˿˵аԵıоһˣ⽣һͨͨĽ
˼
˵˵Ҳ̫ˣȻҰֽҲͰڳͷһˡ
⽣֪ʲôŹ֣»ǲǾǽֶĳ̫аԣѽаˣȵʱ򣬾ͻӰ쵽ֽ˵̬
ʵҲҪǲ˵Ľ䣬Էȥĵطȥһѽ
Ȼĳ˵Ҳ֪ǵ㱳ǵңȫǽĵطһôһѻͦġ
øղš̡ϵǸˡַָţڽһ¡
ڻûʱܵȷʵѹƺ뷴ƲµǱȥ
ѽöģ΢΢ĵͳرĻ񣬿ܸ⽣ĺҲһĹϵ
һȻ󵭵˵һ䣬ý
ǽƺҲڻӦ˵졣
һһˡ
̫Ĺƺ̫ˣ롣
Ϊʲôʱ˿̣Ȼǰ˶һƵأ
ԶƲɢȥ֮ԽԽƺһеһж¶
°ѽ˽ʣ׼һʽ⽣ĵģûպòҪóˣһתͷȻһ˶ڶ
ţôˣεЦմʲô𣿡
ղ㶵Ŀ˻ýƿ˰졣
ýǸղŵһ׶㶼ΪҪԱߣǸº͵˵ѽѽǰĺý
ոջѾʾһˣָоž͸ũ߲һĴʵǿϣϾʣҪǮ
ղŻ˵ýֵʱȻͷƤһ顣
Ǿܾһġ
Ϊô˵һʮζ;Ȼܿ˧ǶʮױЦһ¡
ʱ˿̣˸оЩԾˣ֮ǰǾķʽǳ׵ģһΣֺȻЩطƺҲס
ۣ磡ȣƽҪɴ࣬˼ûôֻ࣬Ǿû¸ղһкǻͷ
µԽһνİ㿴ˣһ㶼Ҳһţ𡣡
ȵȡͻȻӦˣղŻѹûýõjio
ϡϡϵǸ˻ڰæܹȥ
Ȼŷֵ϶ѪǸղǿشѪֹסˡ
ղ㿴ˣֻûºúõһ١Ừİһ֮Īľ
ҴˣҴˡ˺ġ
ǿѹסԼθУ˵㣬˵ѽ䲻ã
䣬䡭
ǣǼȻ˵䣬͸Ͻҽɡĺܿ죬ڵõ˶Է֮ͽŵĿΧʣд𣿡
УҾǡĬĬ˹ȥ˵ļȿ־֮аһ£Ҳûʲô⣬һţ֮ⶼأҪ¡
˵صʱ򣬻ĸһ¶Էͷ־ĸ׵ĺǻ˶ԷͬӤʱһĹذҲӤһûס˲۽ǾͱƳỨ
ƽ߹µлһģںʹ˾קĻ˵ֻüһ䡰ͷ´ټԷ
㿴Ż£ƬطֻʣˣȻۻжĿҲֻʣ
˿£ֺɥʧ˸ոַɣ±һͨͨĽСͨ͡
¶ʼԼĿȣѵϵĺɰæƽһµϵĻݲݡ
ĬĬߵߣΧһᣬʣڸµ˼޼õ԰Ӷͺˣ಻ãһ˼˷˻ģϽ˼̻ȥ
ĻĬʮ룬Ҳ֪ͨ˻ûͨԼҲߣӣҲŻ¿ʼСʯͷӲƴ
ƴ˴аСʱ߲΢΢һСĿ꣬ȻԶԶĿͦģ˷񣬳ˮƽľǵкͷϵͷȻҶó󣬵Ҷ⵽ˣҲˡ
ɡһѺҲֱ̫ˣˣˡ
ڻȥģ¿ԾԾԵʣҼǵǰ۵ͦģҪȻȥǣ
˰ɡĬĬĵԭͦȥģ˸ոôһͦԼʱҲ˷̲ݵϡ
ź
㿴ۻ£Ȼһˡ¸ո籬һķӦǰ·𶼲һƵġ
ƺڳʱ򣬶ԷҲôһΣȻʹҵһ˿֮ǰĶһ˿оֺȻʧˣ±Ǹر񽭺˵Ľˡ
ŻɢɢӣȻеɸ֣Ի˵ѽôͲһֱǸأһֱǸӣҹûһ˲֪ҹдֵġ
ʲôӣãȻתͷ˹һӷ߿㿴ͻȻˡ
öԷҪסǸӡһڰ԰ʯͷƽĹ̡
˵˵Ҳģô£
㿴˿£˵رһˡ
˵˧ɣƽƵģһǮҪʡŻһ㶼ʲô˵İ
˵˧䲻ɳһĲ
Ǹֵˡ

ὣ

ϾͳȥתһȦ𣿡
, Ҳת̫ط, ñ֪˾ˡ
Ҳ̫, Ȼһ۾Ƴèˡ׼𣿡
׼, ڸʲô
°ѷѬ·ȡ, һζ, ϴһߴһߵҶס˸ӣƭ
𣿡һüë, Լϣûʲôζ
СĬĬ˵̬ζ
ɵ·һ뿪ӡ
ʱҹ˾ʱ򣬼˶Ѿ˯ˡ½Ŀľ⽭լˮ, ˮԽԽá
ȻԻµ˽˵Ҳ֧ͦ뷨ģΪҲˮ졣ľѾԽԽ, ׼۲һ·
һʼΪǰʱǸ˸¥һѲ˹ϵ, Ͼ֮ǰ¥ҵǼСĲӾ֤¥мƻ˺ܾá
ͨĵ̽һ, ¥ȫûж
ǵˣ׹Ѿô, һֱڲ²Է٣ȴôҲ²ⲻ
Ҫû˵˳ɾַһ, ׹ڵҲ̫ãϾ¥Ǹӣ׹ôܻӹһ٣
ǲ֪ôˡ
½ҲǼ򵥵ģĿˮ죬ҪȴҪ͵һѱ
ȻһʼǷǳиģŬĸŵ˽һ¡С͵ɱ֡ı𣬵Ǳˣɱ˭ЩʡʱվԱߣһ䡰ɴɱҰɡҲˡ
֮ܶ½ʹɱתг˴룬粻ɱ֣ȥôһֿܵ
͵ǸԵġ
Եģ˵Ǵˣ״ȥо̣ƾ٣໨ֵغδɡ
⽣ĵط˵Ҳ棬Ͼǰ컪¸˴һܵǸ԰ӣط治ǽģһʼȷǱŽ˽뷨һ·֣ӦסͦҹèӣҹľǱߡ
˵ǰ򣬶ϣ˵ͱһȺԹȺڸΧˡ
˵ЩҲûиɴţǺúõİ⸽һģⰲźԱǰ⸽Ѿͨ÷ˣ˵ʱһϷ
ʱºڷߣ˶Ѿ˯ˣڻû˯ģҹèӣĻ̥ġ
Ĵ˸УŽ˵ĻʱһȥǰǸɫһѽװǰѽľˡ
ʱ˿ΧûʲôϤˣûʲôϵŵˣĪʱմԽص˸ոմԽŴʱָо
˵طϹֵĻô˷
ȻȻҲֻԽѣЩǱͬ
¿ʱˣһԽȥʼ֮ⷿ
߱ƶɵ·ţ֯һرͼ
˯ɣҹˡЩеһССķС˵Ż
˯ŰС˵ҹִܣģôû˼ôõ
Ҫϸִ㶼ױȥ˼ءһЦһ
ôܻᱻԼҴܣҿ˴ܻ˾ҡһ˵һ߲мİѴֽͱ˸СԹԵ˵ͻˣҲ˯һҪ
⻰û˵꣬ոմյڵ۾ǰȻ͡ಡȥһǶʲôȫû
ȥһ鲻Խĺ˳
ֻǵ۾Լɫɫĺ¹֮ķţҹеľ顣
Щһֵͼ
һӰӳ˻̱һҲһΡΡ˵ղŵǸǣʲô
У㿴ʲôˣʲôҲûа
ǸҲ˹ƿһУ㿴ʲôˣʲôûа
УҸղſģһĹͲˣ

һ̵ɫӵǰ档ûֱܹ⸽˺üȦװһҶӣȷϰмʮ˫۾ڶԺŲŲæĳǸɫȥ
صһɲǣԼһȺ˸˸ͣǰţȻ˵ġ
˭Ҫʲô
ڻڴͷʱһԾ书Ҳе㽭λĴǰվ˳
ҹĴܣһͱӣһǸʲôµġ
´ʱЩҲڴ²˭ϾҲʵеأ˭͵͵͵ͷһοҹôܵġ
ʵôȷʵ࣬Щ˴Żµòһ룬Ҳѡˡ
ΪһӡȻȥµЩˡͷ˵ҲֵһᣬղᣬֻŪ費ҪǮ
ϰʹȻҪƿŵʱȴȻоһ󽣷磬òתһ¡
һѼ˹һ˫۾ס˻£һ˫۾ȻԲԲģƺʹһ棬ʱɷȴСӡ
˵ȻҲСոһвڰе˶΢΢˵ͷȷʵѾǸˡ
ǰϺðֺǺǵôĴ˸кʹһβֱȡǰǡ
£ȷʵǺþòˣϺðǰͬ¼еĿɰֿʣĽס˻µĹнɽţơ
䲻ôһһ˵ȷʵе㾫ѣͱ鶼׿̫ˡ
ϸ롭ڶԷҲδز
һŹֵ֣¸ֻһرĿֵĻ⣬֮гžҪһȥͷץˮĸĸо
رϲ͹ǰģΪǰȷʵһرֵˡ
ùǰѵȥʦֵˣЦһСѣŭһȺСӣᲢã֮ھͳΪСĿе
Ҵˣһ·㣬ȻһһƿţűƿһɲǣµǰһΣȻ
¹£һѽİڰ֮ϣֻһŰӣĵطյģԵѽǳעĿ
ⶼص㡭صǡ⽣Ȼǰ컪õǰѽ
¾Ӧãܣﲻԡ
ûһʱͷǳԾ˹ȥѽ
⽣ȻȻڶ˵ߣ±תһȦģܾĪĲԾԴûжֱôṦˡ
˵һ̣Ⱥ֮Уһ΢΢̾һ



ڶ, ըˡ
ըϡﻩ, Χĵģĵ, ըˡ
´˯žأ泳µ, ˴, ȻȻľ;ˡ
·, ճȥû, ӭײ·, ʱ˿վһȺ΢Զһĵط۾š
·, أԶԶĺ·һɤӡ
·ͷһɿ˻, ҲŻ»˻֡

һ緹, һ߳һ·
סĵطЩԶ, û·΢΢Щź˵Ҫ΢һЩ, ˵Ҳܿˡ
ղȺΧŵ˶𣿡ʡ
ǡ
, ϶Է𣿡˵žͺһࡣ
Եô˲ࡣ·
ҲܲԷ
ͷ̬ȡ·֪ǿ佱ǳ̾һ䣬ǿ簡ô˵ҲǲӦóط, ôҲˡ
Сõľͺ, ʲôаƵģΪǸСˣĬĬ, ƴࡣ
˵ȡһѽ·ߺ࣬Ի˵
װû밵ɹȥ˭֪ôʱ򣬶ߺȻһ
£˵ûУϡǰѽõǰѽ
һҭɤˣ·Ҳһ𾪵ĿŻ£ƺھ̾Ĺʺˡ
ʲôϵġӸһˣһ۾һ˵վſڿڣȻƾմ˸£Ȼ˲ͷˡ
ֻʣ˻£·иղͻȻĻƽ˴۵СۣĬĬ̾˿
ⲻû

ľõǰѽ𣡡
ģõǰѽԱһСʽͷ
Ǻÿϧ֪Ҳˡ
԰ɣҲôõģ̫ϧˡ
ǰһһӣԼԾһ߳ԶȻ̸ʵǲҪģԼͿĵĺˡ
Ȼˣ¾ͺǵĲ˵ˣԱ߾Ǹһ۾·ǸӽԺһֱͷѡ
·һᣬƾûʵ̫ˣɤӵҲû취ɸˣǰѽʲôӵģ
ܼܳ⡭¸˵֣ͱʵڿȥ˻һرƯĽ滹˻ɫģ˺üűʯ
һ꣬ǰ˻µ˿ʼԼͬ۾ʼڴģ⽣Ǹʲôӡ
·
ǻƽ
ǰ
˵ķӦезǳĲ㿴˵ķӦǳ⣬ǰѽرƯ
¿ȥҲ˻ûôڽϴһֱԽ˵ӡǴӻ濴ģԡ
˺ĵ˵ͷ⵹ĲڻϿôˣ
ԡҹĹΪǰѽ𣿡·˼˵⽣̫ϲ˰ɡ
ûϲһƽƽ°ͣЩʣҪʲôûа
ǵҲǡûסΪǰѱ绤һ£ǰѽǸýȻȥЩ֣ͦõġ
Ļû·ͻƽκȤ
֪ͦһʲô·ǳ˵˵ʲôΪʲôƫƫôһأ
ҪҪȥǱٿһ˵ҿиطĽǰѽЩ񣬲֪ѽǲʲôϵ
ģ·˷ܵ˵أȥ
ǵõһᡣҪȽġ
ӣʲôϵ𣿡ƽʡ
԰ҿǰѽġ˵ͷһϣȻõܿˡ
˵仰ﾲĵģãȻһᣬʣôˣô˵ˣ
ǲ˵ˣǴһʱ䲻֪˵Щʲô

µɫǳأԭΪԣֻǶģû뵽Ȼ޲ԣһӱּĶ
ҿ϶һǲС鵽ģƽûݣɵʲôȥʲôط½ס
㡭˹
ӡΪʲôѲôһѽƽʡ
ʵĺãĬĬĸƽ˸ޣҲ֪ġ
˵²֪һƵĽҲͲˣ¾Ȼ֪һѽôľ͵úú롣
Ϊ漰һڻһ⡣
լеĽǧѣΪʲô콭ƫƫôһѡ
һӦǲѽģ֪ǸǳӽǮΪˣׯڵལǹƷڽһֻ֣Ҳûʲô
ΨһصĽֻǰԼõĽˣôڻ¿ֻһǳԶ׼ԭˡ
֪ǰѽ˵֪ǰѽˡ
ŶС㾿ʲôϲҲ֪ġ
ţȻͷЦ
ǰѽȱȥˡ·ʮ˵ЩãȻ
ڿ״ݾߡ·ԱߴӸղſʼһֱͷŵİιôģ˵ôģƽʱ
Ϲ˵ƽʱررСķţ̧ͷĵĿۻ¡
ģǰڻǰʱЩͬȻʹǲֱӻ¡
Ҳûע⵽ӸղſʼһֱĲеˣӻƴ뽭ɵôһеǳں⡣
ǰѽʲôطˣ·ʣòͷһαŵˣڣڽƽʱסǸԺиرСӣһܣҲʱɴŷ￴ġ
ڷʵЩӣһЩĽõĽҪӶˡ
³˼˼룬һЩ˶Ѿˣѽ˻ûС
˼·ȷͦϽһʵ磬ֻҪˣɲһƨܺõģҲǸǳʵõ˰
㣬ȸҹ·֣뿪ǰ˵һǾͲ˻ͷ黹뱣ܣǧҪ˵ȥ
ģһ˵ȥġĬĬĽһ䣬ôܻ˵ȥ
°ƭıŪԺ󣬻¿ϣϸĻŽһһȷʵһЩϸϺЩ⡣
˵Ǽ·ǻģӹʱҲû룬ΪǻѾɹռ˽ϵװҵ߶гء
ǰͻȻ˸λõĽƿŵһ˲䣬ҲûԼ
°ţţǿҪ˯ˡ
ĴҶɳɳ졣
ȻһƬƽ֮ʡ
һöƿճŻ´˹

ҵǸֵھ

ķƺ͵ؼ, ȵһƽʱ, ϣʲôûзһ
˶, м½Ĵſ˽, 䣬Ҳ
ܶǾĵ, Щ˽һҲûУھӶûע⵽
, ȺС̸ƺΧ߽ʲô
Щ˶ôģ书ܸߣ, ²ȫΧԼΪʲô΢̽һǵĴ, ΢³һüĿ
쿴ǰѽ𣿡

ôŪѣ
, ȵ֮, ǽӡ
Ϸǳ
ԭ»ΪԼĳĳ, ŷԼֻǱ޹۵㡣
ǰѽѾһ, ϢӦòߴȥ, ǸҪѵµļһﴫȥ, ֪λ̨״ô
ͦѻģϸָ£Ȼǵһ, ֮ȷʵͷһΡ
±۾׼һҪԼ͵ȥʱ򣬾һ˹
վ˻µǰ棬ͷһ»µֻĲ裬ȴȻɻ˵һ

µԴΪ˺ܶණ
Ϊʲôڿʱ򡰰һ
һ룬͵طһһּȿ־Żһ˲䣬¾˫ۡ
ǰһ£Ȼ֪ΪʲôԷղŻַӦˡ
ԭ¥ǰͬ°
ߣ
˺һɤӣҲܻ᲻ᱻΧ˵Ѿ֪ԼڽӣѾ̫ںˡ
ĵط˻»ںһ£¥Ǳȫġ
һȻס˻ڲͣĺŵǸ˵죬ѲԼϵһ˹ȥ
ҶͬһųģԱ˴˵·Ƚ죬µٶЩĪģžһٿᣬɹİȺ˸ȫ˵ϡ
Ⱥһķųȥģý֣׼СƼڽլ½м˭֪һţͿſſһˡ
ƿŵһ٣Ǹ˾쳤˲׼һûһŰˡ
簡ͦʱеҧгݡ
ղһȺ˽ݣﴵʱ˶ûֹƫƫʱˡ
װǹĶ
⡭ֵͦİһ˵һƴҪݣȫ¶дšҿ
ƢģʱѾˣϻǹȥģںȰǸˣûʲôһˡ
ѽﶼѪˡָŻ²ϸոձһµλãСУ㿴㶼Ѫˣôģ
еŭֵԽԽʢ
ھҹ·˸һ١
ʲô飬ҪҴŵİǸ˰ԼǷϵ۾˹뻪ºܽ㿴ھӣԶײڣʲô鷳㶼ңܰҶġ
¿º͵Ŀʵ۵ײŨŨľ衣
һԴһμʱ򣬻¾;ֵֹģǱ˺ܶܵӣľˡ
ʵҲͦ˼ġǸ˿ŻЦ˵ˣϿͦӣʵϱǲЩʲôܡ
ɣǶԱ˴˵Ŀһ
²ȷǲԼһԼ
⻰ѾЩһϵ׵ĸоˣ൱ڵŻµ
߽ôãûһ˵ʹϵ׵ģǵӻƤرĴ˿ûһʱ֮ģһһ⣬ȫ⡣
ɫֶ˵Ϻȫһ
ֶҶһЩġµĻҲ𽥵ĴһЩС̣ʵĿʱܶ࣬ԹܹǸѡǸѵ״ɲǺܺá
Ǹһᣬ֪˵ʲô֮˵Ŷ˵
ԡµѾȥĴһ˿ƣǸϲܣ⸽ӦûǺܰȫɣҪܣʲô¿ɾͲˡ
ǸͷǸӣʵͦϲġ

ʵǲЩʱôˣǸ˱ӾͲ̫
˵⻰ʱʲôֻʵһһݵΡ
ָоǸԴǸСһ
һֱû˵Դո˵Ǿ仰ͱ졣
Щ飬һ˴׵ĻҡǸ˵
ЩҴǲõģϾЩһ˴ãԽԽ鷳ġ
˵ŸְʾζĻ󣬼»ûڣͷŻһ֣ͽ
һӺվԺһȻֻԼݣһصˣ׼һ˸ϽǸˡ
ղǸˡ˵Щ׶ʲô˼
һ̧ˣһ롣
һʼΪǸҪһµģ˵˵ţСӵĻԽԽ죬ûиоĻԻµ̬Ȼ˵ǺܡѺáġ
ǸǸӶӡ󲻴ְʾʲôӡæʰ
ǻ˼ֱʾ¡֪СӸոնЩʲô㲻һԴȥʬ
ôĳھ
û취ˣҲ·ʱҺиźС¿ԴӴһİ˸Ūȥ
ߴʱ򣬶ŵھӶ߿˰죬ûʲô󣬲תͷǸͷС˵㲻װģˣһ۵ġ
ǸСû˵ȴԹԵĽӻҲټ
ܻ죬Ҳʵϡ棬ӣӦʱҪǵİæԲԣ
Ǳ߳Сﻹǲ˵Ҳգͷ
Ǹϵζܺš˻ᣬСȻ̧ͷ˵
֪˵˵ͷţһֱ𣿡
ˡҲȤǿֶܼðɡ
ǸСƺû˵ĻһƣֱӾͳš
ߺòײŰ̧꣬ղһѺҪȿˮߵıԵȻͳһһСſǽͷĬĬĿŵʱˬˮúˡ
ǸС￴˻һۣȻЦһ£¶һڰɭɭС
Ī˸ղǸе˵ϲ㡱仰
仰ʵʮֵĻɣϾСġϲô򵥵˼ɡ

㿴Ҿ˵Ǿ

·͵͵˽, ͻƽû·㣬¿ˮ, ˵ͷ, ˹ȥ
һ, ͱ˳ȥҲûʲô, Ͼ㾭һһġ
·ŽԽԽԶﰵܳŵʱ䳤һ㣬ϾӿûɹƵ, Ҫ΢¶ȫˡ
Ž뿪ʱ䣬ƴȥ, գ·ĵõ, һͳɹǼ˵ӡ
ϵǣ·ӵȷЩ̫ˣ·еĽһķЩͬ
ƺǱճģ뻹ڷһЩ辰, ֻ֮ģʲôûС
·Ψһһѽǰ, ѽȷ˵һ, ȵİڽϡ
Ͱôһ·סѽ
סһ˲䣬ܸܵƺǿʲô
·ͷɫĽ, ͳһֽһľ̿ʼڽ̺۵ӡ
ʱǽǮµʱҲǵսľģȵ꣬ɨۼ׼˳ȥ
˶ʮӣ㽭Ҳһ㶼żȫЦǺǵġ
۵ҲĹʡ
ҲȫȻٶ۵ģΪƽʱϹʱи˼룬˵ʲôˣͻȻʲôɧֱֲ˵
һΣȻĸļҳǶôһ°
˴һʱ䣬Ȼ˵Ҹղ䵱ɵҪҹȥţ֪ʲô¡
һ£䣬䵱ɣ
԰ıЩգղžӦȥģͻȻʲô¸ˡ
֮ͺˣΪʲô¸ˡʲô£Լק˵
ǣʲô°Ҫ𣿡ƽʱ϶ýȥˣƫƫʱǶһ䡣
ǰʱ䵱ɵһӲСıǴʧٰСͳͽҪһ˵Ͼ£ҲΡ
˵ĪЩҲǿװһ֣ǿƺȻڲһʵ
ֻƽʱ˵ֻģԵһ˵ʱֱǱ
ǣǣȥɣûס
ߵʱ⿴һ뿪ķȷʵǳ䵱Ǳȥģ΢һ
ˡôҲǽĹӣӦҲ͵͵˽ʲôֵ¡԰ɣ
ϵЦתȥһ˲ʧˣ䵱Ǳ˹ȥһСȦ󣬺ȻһƽʱûȥС·
һرǵĵط˹ȥƹһڵĹľԺȻʹӸոյǸط˳
һֻׯ֪С·
һֳһѳϾʹһ޵ЦԼ˹ȥһ·ϽŲĵġ

·ողŰǻ
ʵ˵ͼرĺÿһ˺ܶĻ
⻨ӺأЩЩĵ˵ʲôƷ֣пһʵиڵĻ
׼һЩ⻨ʲôֱأұ˽ϵĻӦòôļ򵥡
⻨رΪرĹϵʵкٻῴ˽ܵģһ࣬ȻͻһѤĸо
ЩҲ÷ǳֻһЩȴ˿һƮݵĸо·⻨ĻɴҪᣬˮһ
·֮ǰûп־־ȷʵ˹Ŀ
Щ׼úôɨԼĺۼȻٳˡĶȻ׽һ˿
˿ᣬȴо
ܿ˿ӦβģһǿҵĿ־ѸٵһԾ˷
·ڣŵùľԼΣС
ʱ˿Χûһ·ȴɶڷԼΣɱʱһţҲԸȥβ
ôţţӣ·ԼʼԼֱǲǳʲôʱźȻſڴһЦ
Ǹļһء
·˲ëˡ
ոһͳȥˣû뵽˾ȻôӣûôһΣеĻ뵽Լʲôӡ
·Ŀűƿһ˽гһѳƺµĿһܡ
ǰѳĳȷǳĿţȻǽǹһˡ·ʼԼոҪǳȥĻ᲻ֱӱѽ档
ݺûмųͷϿǻһȦ߰ΧĻƿֻΰʶɨһ顣
·滺ƶŽŲſǱ˹ȥ׼Ӳˡ
һո˺ĲոʱҲһЩΣȻǾƾҲܳŹһᡣ
һֱû濴ڵӸ·ĺܲһ˵ƽʱ˵ĸѹӣôڵĸоǡһȶʱҪը¯
ּΣյĸо·һ̶ܰ
ܾôʱ˿̵ĽƽʱĲһˡ
һ·ļ򣬸˵ֵԵϱӵĽĸо
ڽͷϿ£·ЩҵġȻҪ鹦ṦṦ΢ˣ᷿͸֨֨ˡ
·ԭΪûֻǵΪˣû뵽ոðͷ֮󣬽ͺȻ¶һĨЦ
Ц׽·ʱ˿̴ԷӦﲻԣѾˡ
ʱĽ֪ʱѾߵϵһƿǰ棬ûмܿҲûͼȥʲôˣǺܸɴİƿӸֱӰȥ
ƿѸٵûУһ̣·Ķڰ춯
һ̣Ҳκ飬ٶһ
תͿ
֮ⱲӶ˵һĻ
İ˷λ÷˳Ūһ㡣
̽ذף˶ţë룬滨ڡ
ԭװ޵ر£ر˲ͻΪ档
һأϱʴĿ׶ӣ˲䱻ķѡ
ƿֻЩֵǵĶ˵ҲǶ̶һ˲顣
ΨһûбϮģֻнվôһСط
ƺ̨ûֻǺϾĵš
ݵİ֮У֡С˿־ķҪ

һ̣·ȻոΪʲôû̧ͷˡ
⣬Ҳֻ·Ⱳӳ˽⽭۵Ŀʼ
ֻҪеĶˣûʲôܹвˡ
ּ򵥴ֱԻ·ʱ˿ȴЧҪ
ַľٶʵϽӣڻµǰѾǳˣʼնڸǲôҲĨķĸо
ӵܹһеķ˲ֲ
ôʯ٣ôʲôҲ¡
İֱе˿ѪվһƬɵеĽƺںһ
ͺӲϢӡ
·ܵķɿ죬ϻǱ˺ü£Ǽͱóü
һ̣·óһϱӵʱóĽۡ
һѾľǸӰ
ĸ˻ƽʱӵķװװãѵͲԼ᲻С
ôҲԼķ䣬Ȼĸ˵˻ڷװֶôӦǺͱҪôͷ˰ɣ
·Լ޷⽭Ի·ͬʱҲʵķһʣһǸӰɣһǸӰɣ

ӣͣЪ
ʱ˿̣ѳһƬ档
վһط֮УýߵϵһƬһ졣
̧ͷţ΢Щζ˵ˡ

¸ոմ꣬ȿڲˮʱͺȻһ˽
Ŀ˺üۣϳҲ̶õļһ·
㣬ôˣ¸Ͻ߹ȥʣͬʱ𣬲ɣôݣ
·δȻµĻһ̧ͷ˻µȻӿһƣС
˵ܿЦһİĵĸо
֪ǰ˺ܿףǿŶԻ˵֣ж
Ȼǰһڣ˻С

׽͸

·ѹʱ, ֻһ
ȴԼӶˣſڴ, Ҳܶ
˳, ǻµ, ʱ˿и˺ڸЩʲô·ֻȴˡ
˰·ô˵
ЦЦ, ʻ½ǱϢûͺȻоһʹ
ȥ, ·תͷʡ
˵, ͿһͷѾ˵룬Ŀ
·ûԼ󱳵ǸʲôһЩĬˡ
¿, һ, û, ʲôҶѾ, ֻɢ
ְһ鲼Աߵ, ·תͷһ, ֻѾմѪĲеѪǺɫ, еľȻǺڵġ
ôĬĬĿ˰죬Ȼʣʦ, Ҽǵá񡭡Ǵɣ
˭˵ģұСµ·ĺѪһ߷һ²۽ɥĲ
öĵطһţһ¥֪ϼеĶҩʱ˿̱·ϵĶҲֵѧĴ
ɶⶼɶɶ
ˣˣȻúõſţǧҪҶһζҩͺˡ
·ô˵Ȼ͸оԼĺϱͿһĶ˿ɢȥ֮·ȻһɾҵʹӺ󱳴һֱ۵
һӷҪȻΪҩԹЧֱͦͦſˡ
ĺ󱳣۾Ͷˣŵ㣬۶ôɢ󱳡ȥɣмƲʶ챻©ˡ
·ſڴһԲ״̬иǳ޿
±ɴֹԼϵѪĬĬؿ·ѪһƬ
ʵû˼·˵ⶾ⵽һеˣֱӸԼ֣Ϳ˵Ѫϡ
ȻѪʲô鵤ҩʵ֤ѪĽⶾЧǳס
°·ʵ˵ʵѾˣĶô󣬴Ҳ֪ܲڸݵ㶼ѾˣҪҲð
ǡ¾һ㶼ġ
ΪĲӡ
Ϊѵĺô
ʱԼԼǲǸرˡ
ȥ۽ûˣֻһ
ƿŵһ˲䣬Ϳڸ߸ߵĹȶѡǣ߸ߵķӣϰʣԼָƬ֮ϡ
ⶫĸ߶ȻͦߣһֻȷɵĴţȴ棬̧ͷһۣǳѶô߸
Ǳٰڸôһ߻һ˼ŶԻ˵ʵһֱǰǸӲ˳ˡ
⡣
·²ۣ»ûʲôʵʹ۸УȵԼۿŷȻûа취ġ
ҲҸط£Ȼһ£Сĵ㣬ŵǸж
áСһ㡣
һ뽭ͦλãĬĬɧ
ƲֵضԻµ˵˭еû¸ɴĹң
Īе飬ĬĬĸ·㲻룬ûʲôң
ôܣһмôƽ⣬ֻµˣôʲôңҿµ˾Ǵҡ

Ǹ⣡Ѿ˵ˣǸ̬
ڻµ·ź
ܿϧû취ͬʱطȻһп·ͽһϵϬ
һʼûôأֱ·ĺ󱳺Żһ𾪵ı顣
Ǹˡ·ҧгݵ˵߽ôˣͷһμˡ
ǼȻˣͱ¡ĬĬĵ
УƢԽѵԽȤ
ǡףɹɡĵ·ĺ󱳣ڵһ䣬˭Ѷ˵ģ
°
Ŷ˵һĥ˹ֲԣ۾ɵԲĿ·
㲻֪ӡ·бۿƨɵǸӾһ֮ǰġ
һͷ
֮ܿһۡ
һͨӣƽʱסǼ伸һҪ˵ﲻͬĻƮһɵѪζ
ͷͷ˿·úõһ¶ԷǱ¸Ȼ¡
ʶһܿµ£·˵һʱķӦһ£ôĿѾǸǳɿˡ
ڰ˵ǾԣԲġ
¿ˮҪ˵ʲôȴ·˵ȽϰȫȻһֱڽû
ǡ
սľ룬˵ǽûˣҪ룬˻ܻܲŶǸ⡣
û·ô࣬һʶ˭ӺͿʼȻĿ·ԺúȺãǸɵ˻¸õĲ裬ְѻ͵͵ĸڳ͵ˡ
𰡡·һ߱ģһ˵ͷôϲֶ
Ѿ׼·ˣԶ˵㣬ֹһѪϡ
һ߿·һ˼һ⡣
ѵ˵ͷжȽƫɵ

˽Լۣ硰ƽ׽ˡ󷽡ƽ⡱ȣ˴ʮԺòһǸҪȥˮɡ
Уû˵ءƺûй񫡣
ֻĬĬҲ㲻ʲôùģȻǽԸôһɡ
ϧ˰컨ǸǸ׼ģȻһСϺ׵ϡ
ͻȻ̧ͷȻࡣ
ȵȣ׼˭ϣ
ǶǶҪ飬ټǿһˡ
Ҫİ㲻Ҫ˵ֻ˵һ룡º޲ҡŽĲӣʣǰ仰˵
ԹԵĿԼһѻ֮ȴ춼û֨
ôһȻͲ˵ˣһ̧ͷȻͶһ˫ɺ۾
˫۾ûκεڣҲûʲôҩǺȻһӾͱˡ
ľ͸˵ʯ񣬴ֶصĹǲ͸Ź˵ıˡ

ûµǰ·Ҳһ졣
ȻʶԼһֵ¡
֮ô˵ΪⱾӦǼǳ˼顣
Ŀõһ۾ҩÿ˵۾ɺɫ
ⲢĿܹڲҩ¾۾ı졣
µĺһͣסˡ
ҲʶΪʲôȻͣ˵
Ϊµ⿴ֻ¶һֱڶ
ȻǷµһ˲䣬¾͵ذͷת˹ȥװʲôûпӡ
ͬʱ

֪ΪʲôƽʱáӡݽѾΪϰߡ
ͻȻ俴ӵĽʱȻһĸо
һֺͬʱҲģΪԼƽһⱾͺס
Իһ£ֻԼܽΪ򵥵Ĵ࣬һֻһͨ׶˵
ܡ

һ꣬

кü뿪費ҪԼæò˵Ǻǿ, һæûû°
̶̵, ͲͣǱߴ, ȹԺȻޱ, תͷһ, ۾Ȼֱȥˡ
һ̣µȻٶ΢
׼ȷ˵, ǻûأȻͱˡ
Ȼ, Ҳ̫, ûء
˵ǿҲ
ĬĬתͷʼ˼Ҫ˵˹ȻأղеܣھȻʼܿƵ˼ԼǲӦÿ·ˣ
ϾԽ˵Ը񡭡һһɱô죿
ĵţ۾ڵϸɢ뵶Ƭɨ, һּһƬһá
Ȼתͷһ۽ĬĬĶŵϵһש
һʱ䳡澹ȻеĪĻ, һĬһ˱˴˰Ľţ졣

Ѿ뿪ˣֻʣ·һߵʱ·һ仰ౣء·Щͷԡ
ðԸӦòǻȥף, 仰Щֵֹġ
ԭûκε֪ڸոյʹ֮ȻһԼĺ󱳡
ͷ׸Ϳʲô·뿴Լĺ󱳣ԼȻµˣͭԼӡ
ӳеһ̣Լһ
ļûгĻǿطӦ˿ơȻǱûˣͺһƬͨͨĶ
Ѫ
·˲仳ԼʧѪ࣬ͬʱҲĪĸое顣
ͻȻе㻳ɻ˵ҽ仰ˣϾ⿴ȫǻεӡ
·߼ǡֻҪѪŸɾôͲж
߼
·ĴԱùһʪĲҪһԼĺ󱳣ôһȥȻһֵ顣
ǴƬƬѪȻͱˣԭ·ΪԼѾٰ棬ڣĺֻˡһ㡱˰̡
ף·ֵĿţ˲ΪѪûвֲ˼֮󣬲ŷһЩɫӡƤһô
ʣЩƲʷ·һӱ˲ƣһƬϼ֮У·ĵʺš
һʼԼ󱳵״ûôʱ˿
ɫȥʱĪҲͷһˣͷһοȥѪǲĶɫĹܣɫҲ
鷳·Ҳʺ̫Ķ˰Σֻźľպɫܲȥɡ
·һȳһյĻ˴ϣȻһֵ죬̧ͷһһֻССļ׳档
Ǽ׳汳ŸɫĿӣƴڷɡ
Ҳ֪ǲǴ·ֻССĳϣȻĪĿһ֡ܡĸо
ɣ
һӣôô
е۵·ſ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôȻԼԭȵĻϸһ㡣

¸ղ뽭һʷʫĽ
ԣʷʫġ
Ľʽžͬʱ˶שͷȻͬʱºЦݡ
¶ԼгһվȻܸͬĶģڶӵһۣºͽͱ˴֪˶Է˼
ȷϻ²˵ȥȷϽðשˡ
һ˲䣬˱˴˵ĵߡ
תͷʱĻǷǳ΢ģĬһᣬʲôûһԻ٩ɽ
΢ǣ¸оƺһźź²ǽźڲСıˣźûðשĳ
ʵ˵ͽȻôָƽĽʽЩĪĲġ
¸뿪΢һ½΢еacôͻȻʵˣ£ǰʱʧһ˵һ֣˵ǴϵĹŹͦ࣬Ǵôãѵʲôûз𣿡
£
ûûְ̫¿ĿİͰ͵˵
ζķһ̾˵˵ֺ񾭳֯жһҲһҴһͶ¡
ǡǱºȻǱǷǳбҪģҵıڼǰѾȥˣ
ŶҲˡЩջĵѽôأǷݱ滹Ҹһдأ˴һϾĳԼʲô˶˵

вң
¼𾪵ĿŽǿһʷǰһ
ôôСѾȥ˵ı滹ҪûдڻµӦһ½µģѵͲ鷳
ʱ²ʶԼڽеСͬ٣һֱĸ֡СܡӶĳ̶ȣʱ²ŷ֣ܱԼҪЩ
аܻ£׬ˡתͷҧгݵ롣
ͬʱįڸ߸ߵķϣ֪ΪðһǱΪ顭
ʵ˻ͦ׵ģһʲôҲȤ£Ҷһֻ۱һֻۡϴҹȥҳԵģȻСĴӣΪ˲˷֣˼αװǺӵ£Ҷϡ
µͷһ״
ⶼҪԲԣ˭ȱô㰡ǲǡǳȵӣⶼʲô㿴ңӽǮΪҲҲ˵Ҿҡ
˵žķȥȻƺȽһ˸
濴ĲҲ̶ã̽ԵȰһ䣬ҪЪһ᣿
û£顣һ֮˵
ʵڲģ˵˵ǽ飬ɫɲ̫õӣҲȥס˽һ첲ɣ̫ˣȥ
û˦£һǰһĴƬ֮˳ȥ
ʲôʱأ
ºȻԼڵһνˡĿʱᰶ˵Ļ
ʱ˵ǸӣûԶһ㡣
Ȼôأ

ȻʱԼһμĿͬ£ĿЩ˶ϱֵĸִʱȻʢסԺϵǽ

¼ǵԼʱһֵѪùĸо
ʱﰵ룬ϱɱǸ̬
߰Ķţ¾Īĳ
߳˷棬һƬ̳֮䣬Ļɺɫˡ
ҵһǰѽԼҲǴ˿
˵ҪǰԺӶϻôڳϻһȦԺӣȻ˵
ûĵҾһ԰Щȥ죬ʹ죬Ҫˡ
ɲְܶͷգ૵ĵ
ǸˣҪǱƵȥɱˣⲻҵ𡣡
±ţһ仰Īתͷ
˺һǣԺʲôأҲͲȥɱˡ
ţͷһܸЦӣôȷ˵Ļأ
ǵ˵
˵֮󣬾Ϳ¶ı飬ڿһɵһ
û¾Լܵ裬һԼղûԱĳ֣ԼúҲû취ֱ׳ķȥ
תͷȥ̾˿ժ·һ仨׼קʱ򣬺ȻһСָͷ˹
СָͷģƹǶ仨סСĴָ



ͻµôȥˣ⼸·һֱڻµﲻҳ, һֱ, ڰѺ󱳸Ĳˡ
ǿɫȻûȥ·ôû, ǻƽһ˵ͦÿ, ͱ, ԭǼƲʺÿˡ
ԱЩ͵һۣ˵ɫô²ȥأͿʱҲû뵽ȻָЧ
⼸ܿ·, ÿζ͵͵, һֱװûϳǸڰٲǰ˵
͵͵ſڸߴ۲·
ÿ·ʱ, ͵͵óֽ, Ȼ·ıͻ˲÷ǳ˾ͻһʱĻ೶Ƥ֮С
²ǲֻ۲ķλ̫, Լʹ, Ҳ˵ʲô
̹׵˵, ûȤǲܵ, ̬ȽȣȻûа취, ôҲͲ, պлٿ
ѾˣʵڲУҾͰǸ˸ڵһλˡ·ĵֽдļ֡
·һ˵׹ڵһ, һһΣܲи׼ˣ
Ҿˣˡڵŵų˿ڵһ϶ͻȥɱˣھǲܲͦס
ҵи⡣·˹СĶ԰˵㿴ˡô
һʮ΢·ʱ¾˽һӾʹӴϴʶĥƽ˴ϱӡ
һױ΢Ĳûбע⵽ʱֻһ仰·ʽôǾ仰
˸ոմ˻պϵѹϵԻܵ潭һ·СԴʲô⡣װ˾䣬Ǹոʲô
ûʲôһʱû˵·˵ˣġ
°Ѹ·͵ķ˷£·תһ»⣬˵ҷӷˣô£
ϣ㻹֪Լ˰ʹ¾Աߣûסһ䡣
˻࣬飬ϲ֣ҵӦͦ࣬Ȼϲͦв˵ϲ·˵Ķˡ
ºͰ˭Ҳû˵ʲô˭ҲûҪʲô硣
·۾ֻ׳ߵķֻӼǷƵĵҴܣ·̣Ͱ˳ȥȵҵһֻ׳ʾһµʱȴȻҲһֻŵĳˡ
¿һ·ĺ󱳣˵ȻȾһ죬ԶԶһͦÿģ˵˭ǺɫǹȾģɫǳȻ
Ʋʵı߶·𱻸Ⱦˣ߽ǵɫҪһЩͺϦ֮еƲʣһԻõɫʡ
·֮ؤװܣ˵ܹϸС
һ뵽Ǹ֪ΪʲôȻеЦ
İѷԱһţ׼Ȱ·ؼ죬͵ˡ
ô·ԷʱȻһ䣬жô
ôܡµóԺúȵĴأôҶ
֪㾿ʲôˣֻԱĬĬװư͡
ǿɲһ·ı࣬Ǹʲô¶ĳģǧҪġ
˵ֻǸûʲôɥĲķӣпģԣǡ
һֱиߣҲǻⱲӸӴŷֵĵߡ˻ǸǿϸĹԱ
ȻżڱϺŪһ£ϰʱ̬ȿҲȽϲʵϸ룬ıȽϳְˡ
ᣬֻ͢ǮĳأȵȶǽԼһ˳ġ
Ǹ͢򽻵ˣ֪͢飬ȥǸүǽŻȥģȻӺܴ󣬵ⷽԲ롣
ԼĹԱ״̽˽ϸԼͬϢ֪Բᶯ㣬أԻһ
˵ʹСӵӱˣլԺըˣҲЦһЦȻ˵ըƯԲ֡
һǮլֻڶլӵһ
·һܺ飬ǳ˸ڽӴ⣬κ˶Խ⣬ǰɸѹӵģǰɸ̬ġ
Ǳ߲·ȻϷһŨŨļӸС
һˡ
ⲻǸոմԽոմļ￴˽֮
·Եõǽptsdµ֢״һģһʲôı۶Ҫһ£ʲôɥĲ鶼ס
ôһҲûʲôֵֹġ˰죬ֵֹĵܳڽ
˵ɣϴbossΪʲôô㣿ǲʲô㹻ֵ£
Ϲĵʱ򣬻ƽˡСĿһȦΧȻİŹϣһ׶µͷƵġ
ȥˣ·ʡƽ͵͵ĳȥȥҲ˵
ƽ͵͵Ĺһĵ·ĺϣ·˲һ£Ȼ˵ȥ˻õŸ㱨
ǣͦΣյģġ·
ƽҲԱԼ˵ͷˣ鷳㿴˾
û¡Ц·ͦɰġ
ɰɰ
ƽŵһ·˲䲻˵ôˣ˼һͷң㷴ʲôΪҲ֪ʲôȥˣ㲻ȥ͵͵Ĵ硭
Ļ˵һ룬ƽֱһĺϣһӿɱȸղضˣղ·ۻŵűʣغֱ˸еİӡ
磿Աߵ˵˼Ķ
ԭԱĬĬĳˮأһ׼ԵӣԸȻҪˡ
ۿɼǣ·Ļһ˵꣬ͲԾĻһ
ʣƽС㣬ʲô
ģУϹ˵ƽֵ·ſڴ̾˿ⲻǰׯȻȥң˵ԼҪǿԷһһ۾ϳ
ºȻʮֵ΢
һ׼⣬ֻղԱһֱװİȻ俪˵ˣܵģɣϲġ
ղŻ·ĻʸڷϵĻƽһ⻰Ȼ͵ɴ۾Ű˭˵ģҿ϶ϳ

𻨵

ƽս˸ʹ, һµĶӺ, ͵͵ĿŻƽ
Ա߿ԿеЦ, ɪɪİ˵һ, , ŹɣҲһ˵
ߡƽŤͷһˣȻͷ˵, һξͷŹ㡣
ллˡ͵͵ĴӺ˳ĵĿ˻һ, Ȼ˴ϡ
»ŪϵĶأͿƽȻĵĴ˹
˻µ, , ͷ, Ϣô֪֪࣬ڵϢ
ңºȻЦˡûзеĻֻ˵֪Ϣ
϶֪ƽ˻µ̬ȷǸӿ϶ĵÿһ̬˵֪ʱ򣬾һ֪ġ
±տڲ, ʵĸӰһ, ƽԱʡ
ʵ»ǲ˵ɴ౧һֻ첲صĻΣεĻ²òԼеĻ, ֻеΣеЦĿŻƽ
µҲûǾûƽҲͦģǰھӵļǸСһû¾͵͵Ҫ棬žĥˡ
ͷ亹·ߣ·ֵɫôôãտڲԡ
ȵһ󣬻ºͻƽ뿪ˣųһ·ͻȻĳһ䣬Щֵֹġ
ˣ˺𣿡
һ˶һ߸·һֳֻ°ʣǰӡ
ҡǾԼѾ̫˶Щʲôˡһ˵ˣ͵Ҹʱ˰ɡ

·ǰʱӽһ仨Լ·ȥ⻨һֱûʲôЧ
ֱһ죬ϵ˺õĲ࣬ڿ´ʱյһš
ؤĳѼģƺװʲôż⣬ûװʲôֻֽװ˸СӲѸ˳ȻǰͳһʵĻ
ӸͼһģһĻ֣ƮƮĸо·һģһǳڴʦ֮֡
СͷⶫͦӣûôµģⶫֵֹҲܴ
֮⣬ŷûκ·Ҳ֣ΪŹ˸Ͳʶ֡
¾ˡ·׼Լļø⻨ʲôѾܶˣ׼ȥׯʿ
˸պãԷһȴһرʵ·Ȼһϳׯӡ
⻨ÿȥ·пһ
ûһ·׼ȥһˣ⻨ô䵽ǸһأҪȻҪֶ·ԼؤǸֵܾȻõĻǳ˼⡣
ׯмһڿŵĵ̣˼˽ȥһᣬһһµ˽ɨһȦ֮·Ķ档
·ױ˶ϵġ·˵һ
Ҵʲô·ᱻϵġ˵˵һ䡣
ϺǣСҵ׬ǮĹˣ
Уûи߲ԲˬҪɵġ˰ԼĶժ¶һ
ϻˣæǰȻֵطģǽɢɢϢӦٰ֪ɣ㿴ʲô·˵ţʹӿڴǶ仨˳
˿֮۾ȻһУʹ·ӹǻȥĿ˼룬ʣⶫŪģ
ʶ·һ㶣һϲû뵽㻹еãҴؤһֵġ
ؤġһ䣬·ʣⶫ˭ģҿⶫͦ£òһŮ˵İɣ
ⶫһ˵ġ
۰ѻ£ĵǸֵ˻㲻ֶ㣬ǧ˵ˡ
ΪΪʲô·Щʡ
Ǹֵ˽һЩС⡯ԲŻõ۵ⶫǵĽӣһ

ԣ͸ؤĴӣ¥һ
·ԼеĽ˰졣
˰˵Ļ˼ý»δš˰죬ȻʣҼǵ¥Ҳİɣ
ʲôأֻģµģģģͭģģʯͷľͷĶС˵ź˿ڲˮ˲ţ¥ӡ
·˺񡭡ȻֵǮôҲǿˣʲô
еöԭõī񣬶Ҿ˵Ȼγɵӡ۵ˣ¥ҲûҳڶǸƵӣ˵ֻ˿Ѫء
·֮Īĸпһ㿴¥ֵط˶ȫӣߵľȻȫǽƵĻ
ۺ˿ˮһǶ𻨣Īеɢ֪Щʲô˻˵𻨡պãһЩġ
ʲô£·̧ͷ
ҲȽѵá۵һ󣬵Ȼͨ˵ûʲôôǶһ˵Ҫˡ
·׷ʵ˭Ҫ۲˵ӣ·ʵڷĲˣǿ˵֣ӡ
˵ⶫڷ𣿡·⻨ʰۡ
ϡǵöԷӦҲǸӡ
ǰɡ۶ⷽشĺ֮ܺܶǸĶպãһԺء
˵ˣֻʣ·һˡ·˳Ӧ֪ܶ࣬Ը˵Ҳûٶʡ
ܰǾ仰ֱһ·ûΪ֪۲һ˵ˣô˵һĵġ
ӡǱر⻨ڷӵ·
ڸָԭ򣬷ڽһֱڸϡ٣һ
⵹˵ǲڣʵ·ʱϢռ֮УЩ˵ܶ࣬Щһ˵󣬵Ǵ󲿷ֶŷǳ˼
磬ͨûа취ģпֻһ㣬·֮ĽӴ֮ǰڻׯǸۻһ˶صģûԸⱻ˷Լһӡ
ǾߵĹһضʱ䣬ضĵصĵ
£кõһʱŵԿס
·Цһ£ȻֿɥΪԼָԼ鷳ˡ
ȻⶫǴӷǱġǵ֮ȥһ


ҵ

ĳĳĳ, ĳڵС, ·ԸԳİһķӱƵ˽
ҵôһӿɲ, ·ϵǶ𻨣һЦţһ߱ƽǸ, 㿴, ʲô
ǸԭֻܱͷڽɪɪǶ𻨵ʱ򷴶һ, , 㡭ǵ𣿡
ԣǡ·һ֮ϡ
ۿԭǳ־˵ǴӡǸط֮˲̬Ⱦͷ˱仯
̧ͷ·, ҲԼҪģǱƵ, Ⱦҡ
·ϡͿģǿ˳, ˶̬ȷǳ֣·Ϊӻ»ǻʲôģһ仨, Է̬ȶòͬˡ
뻨ȾҰɣǸһߺһǰһˣ·ⷴӦŵһ¡
Ĳ׽һ֡
棿

⼸ڴ顣
ԭƻҪٿ֣⼸ѡؼˣȻС˧, Ҳв˵ġ
һֱڱţΪ»û̫׳Ȼ˸ϡȻʹڷǳϸ֮£һǳ˼״̬š
ľ̫ˣǻ˵Ǿûãٶ̫ЩⷽЩ̫ˡ
ǵ뷨ʲôĻҲ²̫ףǾûӦýһǧһ
½Ⱥ˻Ҳ˸ŵȥǰŵµĻֻȥ֬۵£ûָЩһܸɵʲôʵ£˽м׼ģһǲɱ޹Ůʿȡ
Ȼ󻨴Ȼʼ贫ϲƯС㡣
ģ¶ѾûлػˣôΪ˿С㡣
µ˵һЩ֮䣬òƱ΢˵ڸУȻ²ΪʲôΪԶԾ㲻һȥ
ߵĹغϣȱĵطҪn
öԱȽϱŵķ˵ﶼ㲻һõطģΪ˵ı׼ԼЩˡ
С˧ɻС˧˵Щ˲ںϲϣǴ󲿷ֻǱŻġ
ҲǶԻطʲô飬˵ֻ˵һͶʣĿǰЩײķӣеĴ󶼻ڹ
һʼʱʺţȻС˧˵ڵʵЩеĶ룬ĽǿһȺˣֻҪ滹һԴԴϵ
ǿ˵˻¡
ǿ˻ǿ˻ˡ
öδڻˣ⼸ʱֻȥһΣһµĻ֣⻨ִƺͨĽֵûʲôΪ߰ȷʵӪҵͨ˻̯
ﵽϾȫǵƻͨˣҲϽж
һʼԳطСxxҹǡ̫ktvˡ
˵ʵڵģſ¥ϳ濴Ϊ׳۵ġǵƯ׳ۣϾŴֵطƻͨ
ֵϾͲ̷ͨˣĳЩʲô֪ͨ⣬ֻлԼˡ
⻨ȻſŲһܣֵĹ֣û̵ͳģǹŴ˻ִˡ
ƻԻ͵Ļϣһڻߵ¥ϣĺһ衣
ֵĴֽģñɴܴһֱǻһɫڽֵϵԶԶһܿ˵ļӰ
ڻˣҲˣʲô֪ͨˣеδ֪ŵ˭Ǵ󲿷ֵĿⶼ߿˹
Ϊ˵ȷȽ˵ߣɢɢжʮˣӽֵ¥Ͽֻܿһ˿ŴţŴ̨ĳ濴š
ܸһɴ˻͸ɴһ˵ıɽһǡ
ϴһܿɣҲƮݵѣȻֻһӰȴӵ֮ˡ
ƺеһжӳһЩȤĹһµĿһС
һһ˿ʲôϵֻһۿȥ˸ܵĿĸ֮⡣
²豭һ˲䣬ԱʰĶ
Աߵһһ˵ɡ
Щڽйͨ˿ôƺƵһͼȥһվмʲôӡ
һʱϼ˶̧ͷǱ߿˹ȥ
мǸ˱˸ΧԱֻܿͷϴŵһ֧ӲӵӣĴĵƹ£·һȼŵĻ
ͷϻһѾ޴ֽɡɡŽۺɫɵľ޴ĽͺƵˮ
˾ô뿪ˣʣĲ֪˭˹һżջ
ԱЩ֪ݵˣո߹ȥǸ˭
ǸˣԱߵ˿һֵۣˡ
ʻ֮˲Ȼͬʱаһ
طһڣȷ˶ںﵽ˭ģϾطԲܿģüϰ塱һ󣬲ŷеĻҪ
Ⱥ֮УòһʵǾ̫ˣԼеƮƮȻˡ
ʵֻڽгնѡ
ǰƵģɡģһӦȫЩ֮䣬Լ²ǴУҲĳеˡ
ʱ˿ڻҲͦˣ³һȦҲǴ˽һ»浽Ǹʲôˡ
ղŸокܶ˵߶ϣЩ˵̽ģģȻҲжģҲ壬ĵȷȷǸǳ˼Ļ档
·űʵǸϡ·ЩֵĿӣʣ
㣬㲻Ҫǽʲô𣿡Ǹ˷˵
ңҲΪʲôǸȴʲôģҪֻ
·ֵĴǵƻͨѾˣӡ
ΪʲôǶ仨ֻȴȻǱߴһӵ̧ۿ˹ȥͺȻһ㶡
Ǹ˴ӵŵԶԶĴǰ߹һƶ˵һ
·Ŀţߵ˼ĵˣҲûֻȥˡ
·ɫܹĿ˴ɡϣǽˮ֮ӡŵһ̽·
ܼɴһĿԸˮ֮еӡ
Ǹ·ӣӽͼӡ

еˣ

·ͻȻ뿴Ǹɡ˵ʲôӡ
˳̨, С·ȥ, ȵߵʱѾ߹˺Զ
ϵ, ŵ˷̯С
˵ﻹŸոģûüԵСˡ
·Ҳ, ֻҪǰ׷һ׷Ȼǰʵ̫, еģŮģͣԭ, Ǳ
ֻǿдЩм伷һС·Ħĸо·ص˹仨Ƶʱ
Ůȫһÿ˶ڳһÿķ
·ôȺ֮伷˳ȥոսĺ󱳱ôһĥ, еۡ
ԼǰǸ˽һˣȴȻһͷһ֮Уƹǰһӱ䰵ˣȺ˾ͺʧڡ
Ǻˮÿһ㣬ۿžҪʳһβ, ȴĿ˦´βֺͣȻʧˮС
·Щģҧҧ׷ȥ, ûһˣһ罬һȺ֮С
ǰһᣬͷһ˺һֱ׷׷ûͱŮٸΧˡ
ôԶ֪˭Ҳ̫ܣҲû⡣
ΪǸ׷һҲͲ׷ˣû뵽תһ֮Ǹ˾Ȼ׷˹
ǸˡߵͬǸˣæСŻ£صùܡ
ߵ֪ӦͷǸˣæͷװʲôûӡ
µﻹǺƣΪʲô˻һֱ׷أ˵ȷʵе󰡡
ǼȻûṦͻȻǰǻ¾ȫװû
ĪĲһȤ뿴˵˭Ϊʲô׷š
·ظں棬ʵôʱҲˣÿһҪ׷ǰʱ˾ܻͻȻһ䣬ȻͻȻʧС
Īе㲻ģûṦֱϸǰṦƺһôõ¡
Ҳһ㷽ûеġ
·Ĵ˿Ȼ俴˹ǱߵĵԲִ
һקһǰһߺһðСĵ㣬ѵ˰
·ôһΧ˲ɢȥһ룬·ȻɢҲŪһ㶣ԭֻͺܴܰռռѣ˭֪Щ˺Ȼһӷֿˡ
ǳ棬ЧǷͬһ
߶ˣ·ܾЩ˵Ī˯}ûţȴ˵嵽ô¡Ⱥ˼Ȼֿһ·Ȼȼȥˡ
Ա߿·ˣеֻеǾһ亹ÿ˶ҿ·ġ
ֵĵĵطĵɲһ·Ҫ˼ȥ͵һϵ˶֪ڻû˰æ͵ôһ˵·ŵ֪ĸӵġ
·ֵߣϴĳŻǱȥвڿĿĵ֮󣬸Ǿһ亹ˡǿδҲ̫һ㡣
濴ѵͲ
±ѾҪϴˡ˴·ô׷׷ˡʱƫƫĽŲ
ͷһͿһյĹֵĵϴģһı˹
ߵ˿˶һǿеǸ֮˵ڻȷʵǸĶͷһμ˾ôһʹܹˡ
ôһͦӵģûһͣʱ
Աߵ˲䶼ÿ˶ŵĶǸ˻л棬˭»Ϊ˶ͻȻϾ˭治ԸôõˣټдԣƢԽԽŹˡ
·ڴǸ˵ߣɱΧţɡѹĺܵͣʹôҲԷӡ
ΨһܼǵúģֻжԷ·ϾµĹֵĻƣ˫ڱɴĹǽڷ֣ɡϵʹŵĻֵĽ㣬ǲ԰׵򢡣
˫ɫĴɡ£һβССĺһ
Ǹرÿˡ
·ĳͷ
µƹ޴ĵڿ˶˭
ϳԷʱʵһ£˵ⲻ·
ôܵˣ
·Χĸоһƽʱڻǰʱ¶پ¶ٵģ쵹ǰԼʵʵġ
෴ƽﴩرĻ£ȴĻڵĲˡ
·ƽʱ·ͺˣڴɡͦġ²֪Ϊʲôôͷ
¿ߵƺ·ֱȥߵ뷨һ
Χ׷ջ˴֣ǲΪʲôͻȻԻŷǰĵŻһԸ
·ʱ۾һ
ǸˣǸˡ
ܺڷһ֮Ҳһ֣һůһĸо
͵ģ¶ȵģȴִһ˵塣
ֺܶصȻһַǳҲǳ˿޵ȴһֻߵӣů£׶޷½ġ
֮ǰû
·˼ʱ򣬶Ǹ˿ˣʲô
·۾һתҿÿ׼ȥˡ
׼˭
㰡
·˵žͰŵĵ˹㿴󲻴󣿡
¿·ôһʣн軨׷
һԼֵµ˶Ϊһ·һĽѵʱȻʾԱߵ˰ѵӹ
Աߵæѵ˹·ѵ˹һֱЦǺǵĿ
ԶԶĿһۣҲûƽ˼ҷĵժˣֻǵЦЦ
ôһЦԱߵ˶ˣ˶ؿŻ£ִؿ·
·˿Щ˾Ϊ𾪣ҡͷԵ˵㿴Ӧˡ
µͷԼ֣Աߵ˵սľĶΪ˭һ뻪¾ͻһѴ·⽴
գ¶û·ʲô֡
ֻպյЦһ£ת뿪ˡ
·Ҳû׷ȥһԸһվԭأĿЩȥ
ȵڳʧǰųһ
Ҳˡ
·ԼղſǸӰͷ˶ʮؤ˵ؤҲôϸ񣬵ľǿˡ
ղŲûм׷ȥΪǸ˾ǵλܳѵ֡
˵ԼֻǸȽȤ·˶ѣ·һ˶ᾡ˱ܣϾȻӴ󣬵ϲ
ʰһ飬·׼ҲҳˡʱԱߵ̯ӣһС«ͦϲģָһº«̯ô
ǮˡǸ̯͵ĵ
·

ԼԼ

µڶ·ʱ, Щ΢΢
Ȼ֪Ӧ·Դڻϱ˸ͶιһѶ֮
·һֱԼе㡱, һ·ʼԼ, Īûеôˣ
Ż, ˴յô, Ҳûʲôԣǻ°ӳ, ˵Ϊ˱ľ֮
·ڻԼƽ·ڻµȰ⣨ƣ¡
Ļһྐྵӣһ͵͵Ŀ˵·ԾҪ˳۶𡭡
·̧ͷԻ±Թ㲻֪, ǳжΣ, Һ߽ô, 鹻㣬ȻĺΣա
šµ˵ͷ
һͲǵ, ñǰȥ, ʲôִ
š
ԱߵĻƽĬĬתͷŻʳ¯ĸ
Ǹ˾˭ĺ
š

ڻ˵šʱ˹ˣȻôˡ
£رлĺ, ߰
ˣҪȥϰˡ̾˿, ˳ȥ
·ǻ˻֣ʾȥأȻԼһྐྵӣһ˼⡣
ǸƵͼҵˡΪʲôȥ͵ǰѽأ
³ʱСʣϴΡûгʲô°ɣ
¿ôСеЦⶼȥ೤ʱˣôŷӦĸ鷳
ʱȷʵʵ˺ܶࡣ
ֻЦ˵û£ġ
Ǿ̫ˡؿڡ
Ի¶˽⣬ֻҪһͣһȥҴ̼
Ȼ߰ɣȥתһתɣ
ϵǣ⼸죬ʮζ;ͻس

ǣ
˸ơ
һ㹻Ļơ
㣬е¡·ǳϵĵ
ʲô£ʡ
ҪҪ¡
ͷһô˵Ȼϲ棬Ҳ֪ʵҲڸŴ򹤵ġ
ҲôסˣǣСһ㣬ǺҪ飬ҾͲˡ
³̾һ
ԼСݣһɣʲôҪ°
νҪֻǰ硣
Լ.ְȥ˼㣬µﻹһھεġ
ھενġ¡ʵŵ¡
ǽ¡
Ҳǳ׼Ȼܴ󣬵Ҫȴ岻֣Ÿôġ
Դ컪¸˸С֮˶ʼϬһЩ¡
ʵϸҲͷһôˣǰһЩؼʱڻ¾½ʱĸɥĲʱŰľٶ
Ҳǰѱ˴̯֮һ㣬˴˴ڻķΧ󻯡
ﻪ²òпԼޱȵȷʵǱΪ顣
ȻĴ󵨡
ȷĸ˵Ҫæһ¡
ݡ
һʼ⻰ʱûôף˵ݣŲҲ𣿡
Ǹ磬硣
³ˣ磿
ʲôǸġ
ݵǸ磬Ǹ硣Ϊӡ͵óΪӣʵ˵ǵ뷨һʼͲҲΪ硣
ʲô»ǺãȻ
Ҫҡ
㡭ôҲͷһһܰ˰æ˵ĸүһˣرȻ
Ȼ¶ԽʲôƢΪ֪һֱһ˵µˣûеرҪæ£ҲῪȥġ
Ǹǡ١ģ԰ɡŻµ۾˵
԰µ˵ͷ
硯ˣкܶ鶼ûа취ȥԭݣɺܶġ
գգ۾
һٵôΪʲôȥٸһ桯أŻµ۾˵õѡΪľ鹻㣬㹻ϣҪǡһˣҲڱǱ̫׷
֮󣬳Ĭ˺þá
˻ᣬȻһ۾˹ȥ
ӡ
ʵٿȥ۾ͿƲסˡ

һֱ¥ĹҲǱߵĹеĸ׶ˡ
ϱӵƶϵĻӦýеɹ¥ڲ׹ǰһĽ׶ˡ
ţⱲӵ׹ۻ˼ϱӵһѵĻ
׹ǱߵĽչһֱ̫˳ºܻܲϱӵһˡ
ǽ뷨ʵЩ֪󵨣ûô󵨡
˼˵˾ûԡ硱͵͵˽ȥһЩ¡
Щ¡Ȼ˵ĺޣóӦöŽҪġ
Ҫ˵ҶˡҲҲڶʵˡ
ȻҲý󵨣ò˵ĵӴҪͱˡ
ŵļȥ¥£ĳ
¶뵽硱͡¥һײһ𣬻ᷢôǿķӦý˵¾֪Ҫ¡
Ҫµ鶼Ѿڲסˡ
ҽֱƹ⣬ȥ̽һ£¥ǱߵȫҸĳʲôסĴ£ǵʱǿ˵Ѱ;гһЩССʧ󡭡Բԣ
鶼Ѿ׵ˣ¾Լһ鰸һȷܺһ¡뿪¥֮¥ڵױʲôӡ
ȻںͻǱΪ֮չֳ൱ˮƽĶʡڻµʲûвҴŵģǶԺܶⶼ˽
һǡ׹ڵ״ܲá
ˣ
ʱȷ
²֪Լͽһϰߣһ죬ûʲôҪģ˵ȥʲô֮ġߴʲô·
ԣתͷۻ£ԼҪʲô·ʲô£ѵﶼû𣿡
սսĿŽ
Ȼڿʼ磬ô㲻Ҫ˽ʲô飬ʲô·
֮ˡ
⣬ʲô°
֮˼һ絽ӦôʲôڴϷȥ£ַȥ

һᣬֺȻ𣬾Լв
ʲôΪʲô·ôսսȥʾˡ
ôţջִ¹һ·

Žүȥ߷

Ÿ¥ʲô̶ˣҲ̫
ϱӵ, ¥ﰲĶһʤ
Ӧþеһ, ܹ, һӽŸ¥ô, ʵͦȤġ
ͬʱҲϣܽ, ϱӵһЩ̫׵˿, Ļԭ
ŽŵʱɾûЩڣ˵ıŤ
ûдƽʱŸЩ·ǴһԼ, , ҲȽϷ, һɫĶ̴
ȻִԱ˸ɴϡ
㴩𡭡±Ǹر˵ˣܺԼᱻһӾõͬǸϳ, ֵĻ£Ծʹôһһ·
ʵڽҪ黹ǲôĵģΪе㳬Ԥ, û¾鶼ʼһûа취Ԥϵ鷢չȥˡ
¶Ժܶ鶼һŵжϣһûС
ѡ磬·ֱɱֳб, ô
Ż³ʱ, ֱӡ롱һȻĪеӣôʹôһ, ɱʲô𡣡
רҵĺòãĪеԼ㴩ģѡжôˣ
ѽаɣаɡŬһԼ񣬰˰֣ɣҲûָ˽ʲôӵ·
˵⻰תͷǿԭ˻һ
վĺ桭ɺࡣ
ⶼʲô°
ͷһθˣͷһΰĴȻһֱС
˵㴩ģ͡
ררҵ·ȷʵǲ̫ױġ
ϾڵĺʵӦö˭
·µ¥ʱ򾭳ӴԽһֱ˳ӣ¥ɱһ·ᱡ㣬
Ҳֻ·״Ҳʮꡣ
״ҲһֱŴ·ģ·¥൱Уûֻ¥ͼСɱʱԺ˽һˣҲʵʵĴ·
ܸӡȻͬϾڴڵУӦǴĻڵģرţ·Ĵ¥һ·ɱġ
һʱ벻ôʲôԾְ·óˡ
ʵ˵ڵе㸴ӣΪ硱·ʵĳ˵൱һӱܡ
·紩𣿵Ȼǣϣġʧʱľôһ·
·뵽
ѡ
¶֪ԼΪʲôҪӱ

Ǳ黹Ǻܶģ˶žŵĵز
˵һδȥĵطǳĽ˵ȥֻܻȥἸˡ
´źͽһ˻λƵľһҾ¥
̧ͷһ룬˵ɲطǽԼĲҵ
˿ûпŻµĸо̹ľǴŻ³һ
ݹĽŻ˳һžͻһ·תͷԻµȥˣš
С
Īľеഺĸоǡ
˵ȷʵǱ׼¥ӻˣ˸Ǣɱš
˻вУΪʲôͻȻͱ
·ҡͷȻҲ֪ΪʲôҪô˿ͦӡ
ʱ䣬¥Ͽһ棬αװɵǸ˵¥£ӭ˹
˸¥Żڵ߹ӻµǶṦһһŮ
¥Ͽһ󣬾Ͱ
ɡ˰ݵĻ֡
һֱŹϵһ̶ֵһЩˣ˷ЩĮ
ֱȻһأָĵɫȻʧˡ
ѹ·űϵһɲǾ˲併
ԭŲ־ͣסˣϸĹ۲һѹԴȷϡԼ
ǽ
˲ӵ¶½ȵӣȫǾ˵ɱһֱԼɱѾԵˣͷһθܵԼҪǿɱ
ҲͷһΡĽŸӽӽ¼еĽ
²Լ˵Բԣʱ˿̵ĽѾ״жЩ𶯵ĳ̶ȡ
ݵ˻񡣡ղſرתͷŽ
ղڽǰдеɣԽʱѹһͷ
תͷˣԼЦһ¡
ǸЦ˵׼ûԼһƤ
һ˲ҲűɱⴿһӦӦΪʱ˿̵ĽĸоΣգټڽʸµĸоܶء
ȷʵƽʱĽڻ¼еĽ
ӦϽͷһΰһȫչʾڻµǰ
ǱȾˣ¶֪Ŀʼŷ
ԭһʼŵƲ֪һ£΢΢İ뿿ϣ˿ܿҪӵһ㣬ʵȴһֽ䱸Ժǿˣܹʱġ
ʱ䣬ĵĹ۲һˡ
еǸŮڽ֮߿һۣƺֻǾ÷һˣûн̫ͣãܿƿˡ
˽ǰǸϣ￴һۡ
·ֳ֮УӾȻڷٵתҼܹ͸ÿһͷ
һǰҵʱ䣬ڻ˵ֱһ˼飬ΪѶ˾ǽ
ϴ˵Ǹ𣿡Ҳ뻪µλøһЩºȻü
ΪλϣŷԭҲݵģַر߳
Ǽ£ȷʵģǿǵôˣû˵
˵䣬ǾˣǸŮЦһ˶֪ʵĴҹӣȴ֪ӻһӣȻҲֻǸ֮ˣҲ񽭹ƭ˵ˣеĻҲǲŵġ

ԱǸ˿ڴŮ˵ĻҪǺܶࡣ
תͷԽ˵ȷʵЩǶˣôܹܹǰѵ¥Ŀأ
Ǹ˼˵ûпЩҪ뿪Щ˵Ĳ״ǵĶӴмƿĳӴ
¥ʮ꣬ϰ궼ɱֵģƾʲôзܹڱ֮ȥ
ԣЦˡ
濴һۣ²֪ΪʲôȻ˼
ָŻµķֻǵ˵֡
Ϊ
ʱ䣬һ˿ڽҪӾбɱ֮

ڼ

ɱȽй֮޲, ɱ֮, ԭܱ򶨵ȫɫɷס
ʶĳŻµķ˹ȥ, ղ˭ûж۲Ǹ, Ϊ˸˵ĴڸоͺܵӣͻȻôһ, ǿܾͻˡ
һʲôˣҲΪ, ſûʲôڸС
Ƕȣûа취ƶϳ˭ǸղŽе˼ƺǸǸݺˡ
˭Ǹǿ˶, ѯ˽
˵¥ʮ꣬ϰ궼ôɱֵ, ȷʵͬⲢûܹ¥Цſˡ
ٺúһ롭Ĵû˴¥ӳ𣿡
ɱɷǳŨ, ȴԼڿ
һ, Ǹ˲Щѵ˵
ǸˡѾ𣿡
ˣ
һƬžֻǸ˵ʻÿ˵ԺС
һЩ¥, ôȷʵѾˡ˵¥汻Ūļƹȥ˺ܶ࣬վôһСˣԴһֱŻɵ̬ȡ
˾ǼᶨĻˡ
Ҳ, ڻ¿ԭ
һ, ¥һЩ˶绹ǱȽϤģӦûܸоôһ˿˿ԾĸоΪǳֵʱ仹ǵص, һ׽͸ĸоҸ˵Ըһ㲻
Щ˸¥ЩյϢȽ϶˻ͬǴ󲿷˶羿ΣԲ񶥲˻ܿһЩųǴ󲿷ֻԼֱ
ڶǲǲʵֻ̫¥ʵˡ
¾棬ɲ죬޵̽ҲûκεĻӦ
ܸܵ˵ľɺͲ²⣬ͬʱҲԼĶԲߡ
Ӧÿʼ³ݡϾʾѾ㹻ˡ
Ӧ֤Լݣô֤źã
Ҳų߿һۣʶӦҪϷˡ׼ӦӦ硭
ǵԼ硭ǵ̫硣
ȫ֮ǰַʽȫŪȥġ
Ǹ˿˰죬ȻЦһ£ϵóӣϣ㲻Ҫʲôҵ
ԣЦ˳ЦŨŨĶ⡣
²ò˵ͬ־ʻǺǿģ֪Ǽٻǰ£Ȼв޶ԡ
һҲû
Ǹ˾Ŀ˺óһʱ䣬ŵ̸̸ɡ
ʱٸһˣòΪûʲô֤ݣҲ
⵹Ǽӵ֤ɱİסһ㣬Ȼ붼ֱӿġ
̾һȻ˽Ĵϣû뵽ɵĲԤڵҪõöˡ֮ǰһֱЩģû뵽㻹еүǵʱ򡣡
ǻϤǸ
Ŀ佱û³ɹķ˸ۡ
²¸վ©һˣ˲ֱǸֵ״̬
ûٸ˵ˣоȥӦǰˣҲ̸֮
žͲ˳ί˰¥ȡһ
Ǹ˵ӣҲ֪ܽĻ᲻࣬ԴһζʧԺǸȥĻᶼѾˡ
ǰҪʰһӣҪ˹ĻǣѾܾöûҹˡ
ܻ˵ص㡣ǸŮ˿ڵΪǰҿʱ򣬻رĸоָоͻȻʧˡ
¥˶ʲô¿ʼ˼е飬ô񶪶´û˵
ЩǶʧ˺ҪĶʶ뵽ǰ¥ǸСһ룬¥ҲС֮ΪģʹǸСĳϽһĺӡ
ȫ𣿡侲ʡ
ӦûʣһЩ
ǴϿǸ˵žʹԼĿڴͳһֽݸ˽ʶ𣿡
ʶſһֽĶʲôǶƺһ裬Ϊ͸߿Դӱ濴΢΢ֿĲʮ
ٿĸһ㣬֪⻹һֱֽ汳
㻭ģʡ
ԣҰռ仭ġ
㡭ȷʵЦһ
ǸƺĹǺ˵кüΣҶصߣȻһֱ
ϳ֪ΪʲôȻͺܺõӣⶫ˵ĵȷȷǰ˰
ⶫġˣЩɻ˵
ǲڸģܹ˶ĳֶһˣֻϧ
ʣµĻͱ˻ȥϵЦݸ⣬û¾ĪЩ붶
ڰǻµʱ򣬻²ֽܹϵ׻ʲô
һͷǳصĻ
⻨ڶλ¿ˣҶһ벻ķʽǰ
һ˲˺ܶණղ˵ĶʧĳԼǳϸڡ
ƺָһ¡
¸Žȥ¥Ȼ˳š¥ȡ˼顣
Ƕ仨ȷǸʱġΪʱ״жķӦǳ֪״ܣԾһŻĽĴָԼԺһһġ
û뵽Ƕ𻨣ȻʱַʽµĻص˻µǰ
¸оǳͷۡ
ȥƱˣҲΪ״ȥʲôµ鷳Ϊ˲ʵΣһĵˡ
ڻµ߼УĵҲԼĵˣ˫ĶԵйϵ˺Ƥ˺Ƥûκ
仨ڴʱ˿̾Ȼ˽ǰ¾ĪưͳԻĸо
ʾ֭Ŀʼĥһʲô˵ýҪȥĥȥ¥ͻҲͬȥ¥֮便ʲôϵ
ˣ𻨳ֵĴʱӦþǸСĺӱ͵ߵʱ򡣡ǸǺȻ뵽ʲôƵ˵
£
ˣҴ֪ôһˡǼţϢټʱϵ
ֽպãȻһ˲Լϵɱշֱ硣Ǹ˿˿ӣҲò˵һˡ
ĬĬĴվ˴ߣ뽭̽龿˸ֵزϱ֪ͣȴû뵽Ȼô͡
ⶼ۳Ҫ̽鵽ĵĶ˰˵ϱ֪ĶܱҪĶࡣ
ҡΪʲôҪȥЩأ
ߺá
˽αװ̷ûתֻǾĿ¥£뿪ţǶȣպÿԿ¥µС·
͵Ĵӳ˳·߼ҪȥͣĵطߣȻ䣬ǸתͷһۣþĪĺͻ¶ϡ
¾ĿȻժԼɴ
¥¥£ոջڸԱߵŮɱ̸ֽһ˲Ͳ̱˵ϡ
Ůһѷסʣôˣ

С

֮кüûһ, ȵټʱ, Ի˵ҷʱͦġ
ôˣ
֮ǰһֱû˵, ϴΰȥ֮, ǾȻͬҵҪˡ
û֨ļ
û, Ȼͦ, ˿ɲʲôͨ, ¥һһ, ǾȻ硣
ǡ˲ȷ, ɸˣ»ûġ
絽Ǹʲô˰˼ţȻĶܱȷ
Żת˼Ȧ, ¾ýǸ˲, Ͼһ仰ܵ˵Ĳ࡭
˵¥һ, Բҵˡ
»û, ˵Ѿˣ»һӡûС
Ҳ¥︺һЩˡ
ϵ𻨵, ¾ԼĲ²ӦǺܿ׵ˣǲ֪ôϵġ
¥ɱֶܲҵģǲǵжԹϵ, Ҷеˡ˵ɱֺܶ඼ǱСȥģСι, ûа취뿪¥ˡ
š
Ҳ˵ˣ֮ǰ¥ӳȥɱ֣ǵĶﶼĳ˳Ǹ˻ϾѾˡ
š
ʦ¥ӳİɣȻʵôˣ
¿ʼôԼǸ鹹¥ʦʵһ㣬Ҳ֪Լ˶ˣԾĵĽңȻ󡭡Ȼûãȥˡ
Ŷ˵ͷһʵͦ½ʡȥʱʲôӡҺýûɥĲǸ̶ȡ

˰
һڴϣ˻ᷭ˸ǰ˻Ρ
Ӵ͸һ˿յϣĵƶյһҲճһֵӰӡ
һᣬΧϢ
ů⣬ӡ
컹ǻŵġ
˲֪ãŷӴһͷȻʼϴ
ۣ𣿡
û°ôˣ۲һͷ̾˳ȥſڵǸﺰ
ûµĻͰ̰һ¶ɣ̼ҽ㣬ˡ
У̡
۰Լɾ·ĺΪһʱ䣬⸽ʮ˴Ĵүﶼ֪ؤְԱ
ȻдʵڿȥˣͰȥĵﵱ˸С
Ҫǰۺ·б·ؤһߣżؤҲ˭Сһߣ󱳸΢Ƶĸ￴˶ÿϽһ˾ûһѰͷ󼦵֮ġ
·а۹ȻؤĺӣСʱаӣҲǱķˣǴǲôΪ
ǲ·ķɧ·Ǻˣɵְ·ܣȻ˰޼ҿɹ顱ĺӡ
֪·ݴʵʱ˫۾ɵж
ֿԱһ޹ۣŴ˲˵ǣ֪ǰʲô𡭡
ܸʲôģû˼ʵӵؤ˼ͦÿһӣȥط𣿸ϽߣٲҾˡ
ǣؤǲĵطˣ˵ٲǰĵط
·ĻǱϵģһߺš˵һİȻһˡ
Ȼ۾סˡ
һССĲʮƽ׵ӣһСһСӣһľͷӡ
ӵЩˣǰȴĪľܰȫ
СϵʱҪ˵ٸҸĴŴϺجΡ
ڵĵطȻ뽭ûԶֲʲôرõĵضΣֵȴһӦȫһʵĸо
⸽вµ꣬ݣջ¥֬꣬иҽݡ
Ĵ˵ǸͦĴĵطǳĲûµʱ򻹻ЩڰۿǷǳ˼ˣϾͷĴԸôСط
Ҳ˵ΪѾˣǳи飬Żһֱŵġ
ǼҽݾڵݵĶ棬ÿϳʱ򣬶ܿһƯŮɹҩģżеġ
Ǹеͦ˼۹۲һʱ䣬˵ĴŴ綼̫ľеģһеľȻɹҩġ
⣬˵Ǹҽﻹиӹշǳõѧͽ
˵ţ԰۲ûм
ȤǼҽһСǸСһεʱӱϳһĺкӣΪСĸôߣҲСÿ׼ʱһѳſڵ
ſڵǿϳ˻ÿһῪһÿĻ䣬϶ǻ
ϰ궫֮վſڰĿǸСǰ컹м˹żĳЦһ⼸ѾûˣϾûԸһлӦľͷһһֱġ
ڰ۵УС츳һ׳ɳСһ
ڵһСȤҲֻԶԶĿš
˭СЩģݣ½ӴֶǸе
ȥҲֻҵôһˡ
Ǹ˿ͦģҿӣǸ֡
һֶָǲȥǵģֻװûѣ¥ʱ͸ɱֲͬ˵һֱԼһЩط̫һ
Ƕһ²һµһˣȻ䵽ôһ³ǰʮɵĴ̼¸ɱֵֶһᣬƫƫֻжʮһǼ£ֱӸǹˡ
̾˿תȥ˯һôõӲ˯ֱǰϹˣȴոҪתͷʱ򣬿һŮ˳ǸСķ˹ȥ
ǸŮ·ҡҷˣһĺܺõСӣͷϲһ֧ÿĽҡ
ߵĽŲͣǸŮǸСߣͷ˵СҲ˽
ſڳ˰ᣬ￴˺ü£ڻǻͷ
Сôܲϲأɺóˣһ㶼𡭡ǸŮ˵Ļ˵һ룬һ˵Բ𰡣ҪԷˣȥԷ𣿡
Ůͬʱ̧ͷͿһرкӴ΢΢ɬЦ⿴ǵǼ˾Ͳúˡ
Ů˻û˵껰۾һק֣˵߰߰ɣ㰡һ᲻ܣҪԷ˶֪´עʱ䣬Ҫ˺
קһ˵һ߽˶ݵš
СӵŮվ˰죬ʺָⲻ֪Լ۽ǣˡ˭أ
۰˲ݣһأȻ󳤳һ
תͷЩͷ۵˵Сֵ˵һô졣
ĿŰۣϱ䣬һֲ
ԴﻹĬĬ²һ䡪ͻȻܳǸֵŶ԰ɡ

Се

ʮ, ڶŴһ, ãȻĺż
ԱͷԲ, ﻹһĸ⡣
, Ե˰綯ͳţûʱ, 㿴ݵġ
, еãȻò˵ⷴӦǺܱ׼ļ̳˻µһ硣
ȻãȻȰ˵
磿ԱߺżʱͻȻʵ, ĸǲǾǶǸóʱûѧͽ
ǰ
Ǹóʱ䶼ĸ粻ǽ书˰ɣ۵ôһͷ
ͷҲûڶ೤ʱ, תͷˡ
ԹԵĳ˷æˢ룬Ȼл, תҪȥˡ
ﻹںЩ, û¹氡СﳤĶÿǲԸ˵
ѡںĬĬĳԷ
еͬĹ, ԲŻؤ, ܶŸͷҲû, ߻һѳСÿԼСֶŮ۹⡣
ǸŮ˵۽º룬ΪеԶ԰ۿҲǺ
⵹һЩΣĸо, ΪǸŮȫǻСˣڰ۵жУǸӦþǵıСġ
뿴һͨͨСӣһС⣬ʲô˵ĵطˣ
Ͳһˣ˿Ķƿκŵὣһ֪Сһĺӡ
ôСط˱Щ˶ǾͲðˡ֪һЩ֯רŻץСǺõСӻȥѵģ¥
ԼСϣ죬ջСͳһɫɴ̾һ
û뵽ⲻ˽ɱ
˰ٲã򿴼һֳȥ˰зһ˾Լ԰
ãҳˡ
ţˣתͷһȣĳԵİ
ŵĴҹȥ˼
ôãԭԱྐྵӵ˹һסСԱקקСͷǾСʵλá
˦˦ͷָ˦ȥ񫣬˦һξȥ˦һξȥġ
Աʰһಡһ°־ͳ˻ĸпû˼Ȼˡ
ùֵֹģԼӵʱȻȻԼС濴˰ǸƯССӡ
һ˿΢ڴ̬˺ӣȻͱͷһζȻ͵ع˸ӡ
ðɣֵĻĲԡ
ʰʰ׼һҲϴ˯ˣϴʱƺ
˹̶˯ʱ䣬ȥĵƴϨˣȻȴûл˯£ҲûϴǱԼĽſڵһС棬ֻ۾ںڰ֮ɢŵĹ⡣
ڵȴʲô

ҹΧ˶Ѿ˯ˡ
ƺѾװֻʣҹèӻҰèܡ
һŵ˷
ĶʮֵƺĶѾǧ˰ٻһĴɨһȦһʵɣĵȥ氲Ŀ·
ܶǻ⼸ӦþҪˣʱһӵŨ
ǸĵĵȴţҹԭģΪĶǸСȤһͻ֡
Ⱥ˶һûĵļһָܵһʱֱ췽ҹ̷
Щ죬Ǽпܻڰҹ֣ﰲĵţ𽥱ССһһƵʡ
һĵһϵš
һᣬĶȻһ˿
ˡ
ṦԱȲ¥ɱ֡
۵ͷСĵĿһ۵£ֻһźɫҹµ·ʱﲻԾġһ£˵ԼײĲԼ϶Ұɣ
ֿһ˵Ķ۲˰죬ȷʵôζĪе㽹꣬һִϵĸо
ĶӲطǼȻҵ̼ˡ
ݣ°Ӷһģûʲô
ţͳеĵ
һ˲÷ǳ䣬еĵˡ
һҪ˵ķӰ
ţǾͺȻ¶һ˿̵Ц
Ǹ˰ߵ˰ٲõǰ˿Ǹ߸ߵǽƺһԾȥ
ʱ󴫹һƬ˵ɱĵ⡣
ܵĵƶѾϨˣΧҲѾ˯ˣĽֵ϶ǵͰķݣĴľɫҲ֤ȷһôеСӡ
Ȼطһ㹻ǣСȻĵ
µǸ˷ӦҲر죬ٵĳԼĽ⵶һ񵲣еĽһѺýԶԶĿȥһֶ֮⡣
ʵϵӴ˲֪Ľǳˡ
˵ӵһ˲䣬˴֪˶ԷʵýҪһ֡
ҲԼĽûа취ǸˣҲ˿սŤͷߣֻ뿪Ǹˡ
ɫɴ£۵¶һ˿Ц
°ܽʲô֮ģǸյĹޣĵ¡

ܶ˿Ϊһĵغˣʵ֪ԼѾ͸ˡ
²٣ȻҲٶôһ
ôţͻȻһ˿֮⣬¥ﾭ֮ɱֲŻеӡ
ǸϮȥ۵ĵ¥ʱҪһ֡
û֪ΪʲôԼ֪¹£⵶һ¡
۵Ϊ΢΢ǰһ㣬ͬʱﻹǰѵ
ʱոǸֻšܡͷصˣȻתһǳ˼ӹĵȻһֱ֣ϵɴ
ڽôãҲͷһοֵʽû뵽ոƴܵĿľȻϵɴ
һ̫ͻȻˡ
ΣյĳϣҪжĲӣҪͳĸΣҪڳ۾ͷһˣֻ򵥵ϵһɴ
һͱ˰ɴקȥ
¹£ɱֵɴˡ

ǸɫĿɴ֮¶ģȻһ˶˵һŻк
ɴ۾ǰǸˣеĵƺˡ
ʱǸˡסһȻ󵭵˵һ䣬㡭
ôһڣ۲˳ⲻǸ˵һŮӵһǸͺСŮӡ
۾ͺȻɴˣҲ˳Уֻ㶵վ
ôһʱİ۾ȻеСԺӿɰ
ǸСĴĵ˳ȻĬĬİŵȥҲժԼߣ¶һŴŵ⣬ͦŰ۴˸кϺѽ
۾ԼcpuҪˣҲ֪ĸˣҲ˵һţϺá
˵뵽Լһҹ£ŰѿĴ󵶣ȻղŻɱ׷˼ҿ˰졣
ĿŰۣ磬ϳʲô
æѵ£ȻһЦһ˵ҾͣûϳߣԵеˣ
Ц˰֮ͻȻ˵磬ղº˧
εЦȻֵֹ϶һֳļž

ڶ죬𴲵ʱ򣬾ͷſԱ߻иСʣŰӶһ߳һ߿
ϡ氡ȻΧˡ˺һι԰ɣܷ硣
û¡˶һµԾˡ

ն

·ʱһֱйǶ仨顣
ȾȥҰ˽һ, Ƕ仨˵ʶ, ˵̫ࡣ
·ĥӲ˰, ǿ˵ǲƽʱܽӴ, Сĵ, ҪǳϹϵˡ
·ڰĻǳľ, ΪƽԲһôСˣξȻԲֵ˼, 䱳ĺе㾪ˡ
Ȼ, Ȱ·ҪȥܿҲǲܵġ
·и취
͵͵ķһ°Ʒа
аĶʫ, , Ҳаһ
ǳֵǣ, ·ûҵйǸ֯κϢ
һ˵, ܱ˾µģһǱȽ·ƶһġ
аǰʮ, ·ʶ
һЩָԱȽԵʫ, 硰̣ѩ, һ˵׹۵, Ŀǰڵߵλá
һЩָıȽģ·Ҳܿų³ģ˪, Գߡ˵Ӧǽ
нлָˣֻ·һֱýӦǽ֮ǵƻľȴ֪ΪʲôƫƫѡôһЩʫ
Ͻſŵĵˮƽǰûн·͵͵İѽŵһаʮֵĲףָǰϹŵģֺ°ըëջ˴֡
ʣµģϳǰ㣬·һһŲˡ
·һ˿΢ϣ뿴᲻ʫ䡣
ȻȻûС
Ǻǡ·ƤЦⲻЦã룬ⶫ治ǰСŵġ
ѾĵȰһҪһɺúõĴһ٣ϴɡ
ʵ·ҲģṦһЩСֶθǲ浶ǹȷ򲻹濿ŵǹꪳԷġ
֮һҪֳһ·治һǡ
ôһ룬·ֺ
аŵһģȻ֮ǰµǸˣȴˮ¡
ţ·ǳ׵һ£ֿ˼飬ȷϵȷôһ䡣
Ϊһӳġ
˰죬˵뷨ǹ֣ȫ²Щʲô
¡˵ҲһͦʫˣվȲһ䡣
·ӣѶһһ
ȥĿ飬ԼûҵǸˡ
·뵽ֿܡ
һСˣУҪŵ˶ûдȫֻдһֳһ֣Ǹˡ֮ϡ
ҪĻǻһرȤˡ·ȥĿֽ죬˵λ˭أ
ֽЩöδֹǰ
ǡĳǰûнĹأ
ţ·־Լܶˡ
ͰǸԺˡ˵ѹû档
ôſţ·Ȼһˡ
ףͷأ
·ͷϸĿһֺۣûҵʾŻµʫ䣬ϸ˵¡ʫ䵹кüĲ˵ľͶһ¡
ЩӣҲųˣΪЩӺдǽһЩѾˣûκοȥָͷġ
еĻֻ˵̫߳ˡ
Ӧð·룬ÿοŻͷʱηηģΪͷ书رء
·Ҳûͷһرˣһοûʱʵһ
룬ֲϡˡ
вԻһɽһɽߡ
⿴ǰʮѾȫ˽деˣͷûȥҲֻ˵ʵδǸ۷ĵزʵж
ϾԼҲûȥ

ʵһ˵涼һǳĪˡ
¾еԩΪݻʱûôĻӡ
˽־棬¶Լ̫ɹ̫ɹˡ
·֣Ի桰ȤԽԽˣЩ˲ԻȤԻȤԸйκνӴ˶Ȥ
ܾ޵Ĺ۲ָоʱҲûа취˵Ϊֹ۲ĸоڻǡ¡ʱֵġ
ǻµʱûа취ֱӱ¶ԼݣֱӶŲ֪ͻȻԼֵֻװ֪
϶ǲеġ
͵͵ϵ˻ˣԼǰ浱նںץˡ
һ죬·ϰߵʱǸˡ
ǸϸĽŲһֱ
ֱߵһʱ򣬻װһ֪ҪС߽ȥǸ˹Ȼûκηĸ˽ȥ
ǰߣǸں׷˾ôһǰһ󣬻ţƺ¶Դ˶һ֪
ȻںǸ˸Ż½ӵһ̣Ȼһ˴ıһס졣
۾͵صɴˡ
˫ֵرĴ󣬾ô˸ˡ

ֻͽ͵ĿǰǸˡһ֪ԽԽԶ
һСǸ˱ŪˣΧĻ˹
ΧǱǽڣһ£ʵѲϵ
˰죬ֻܷˣʱһȺ˳ǰ
ǰĶһЩߵˣǵʽһЩͬ
еˣеЩŹֵĶЩϵĻ£һһ
ź۲ܵʱ򣬺ȻЩߵ˶Լͬĳһ˹ȥ
Ǹ仺һˡ

۾˳ֵһ˲ֱˣֻŶǸ˿ȻΧ˶ߣ˵ЩĲͬ
һϸһİס
˹ʱΧ˶ԾɢĿվǰ
һվţһ˱ţѩ׵
ʣ˭ģ
ֵͳһξ
ҡҡŵе㱻ɵˣؿˣĭЩ͵ĵҾǽӵģ飬Ҳ֪

µĴһۣʵġӦþ¥ˣ
˸ɫԱߵһ˵ϣΪݱٻһصġ
ôãͷһα˸
Ǹ˵ҪֲҪ¡
ԱߵǰʼǸɱֵ
û˿ǸɱֵϺȻ¶һ˿
²ԾʱᵽһرŨҵ˱ǣֱеѬˡ
ʲôζ¸ոŤͷҪȴȻ֣ŵǸ۽ǺȻһ˿̺죬ǺƼʱ¶С϶
㱼䣬͸ССķ϶Ĵųġ

ҵ

ǵ϶ڷǳǳ̵ʱ, ԽԽԽԽ졣
ܿ죬ͬеһѿˡ
Գج֮еĳ
Ǹ˵ȻһŴʵ߲Сıһ, ǳǳĿ¶˳ĻɫӶųĶǵ˿֮˳
ЩɫĶڿз, ʱʱķһɫӫ⡣
ǰһ, ֻĻҵĶɹ
͵һ䣬ЩӾȫӷ˳ȥ
ţ¾֪Լˡ
Щ͵س˿е䵽¶Ƥϣ˲ƤͱͨһƬ
µĶʹİЩӣȴˡ
⵽ʲô
¿ͷƤ, ͣ˼룬սȥǸһˡ
˵һֻ۾ӦѾ, ʣһնмֻСŵĶǱš
ֶʲô, ôȥͦÿģɫͻɫ֯һ𣬾ĳֹĻ
Ǵӿն
ǸھȻʣһ߹ȥʱ, ܿǳЦҲûʱϻʣô£
ҵˡ
ǸڵϵһЦţһɳƵ˵
һŨŨĲУûŪô£Ϳſ۾ĶӺȻ鶯³
Ȼɫĳȼ֮ʣµֽһҵĶֺȻǳױȼչһ
ΧԭڿҷɵĶǺȻȫ鴤³򣬽ȫƮƮ
еĶӶڶʱѸٿţѸٵĻһǳ**ٶȶľˡ
Щڶ̶̼ͶȹһĶž䣬˵ǲأһֽƬһôĶӵȥҲʮֵľˡ
һʱ䣬Χһһֻž
Ǹ˳׵Ķ¿ʣֻ۾׵ʧȥ˹ʣһǵĲ

Ķµһ˲䣬ĳڵһȺڰĶһֻĳӡ
ֻӸղһֱڷŤţĪеģΧĿתĶţ֪˭˵һ䣬ƳķӦܴ󰡡
ӦѾˡԱߵ˰˰Լ̫Ѩ˵
˶ֻƳ棬ÿ˵ĺһЩأ˵Ƕһߵĳӵʲôӣǹ⿴ߵĸ棬ܴŲ³Ǳ߾Բʲôƽ˾ӡ
Ц˵Ǳ߱ԤĻҪһ㰡ϧһֻˣʱû취ҵǸõĳˡ
û¡ԱߵһЦ˵ֻһֻˣҵ˹ѵĴһ
һȺ϶Ц⣬ֱĳӺȻһ̶˲Űֻӡ
˵һֻӾôҲᰧģ£ֻӻʹġС
һ̶һнľ˷ĺһ˶ͻı仯һͷˮ
ֻԴ䵽ǵԺ󣬺ʹûĳֻھڸʲô㲻
ôˣǲѪûιиһֱڳǰüͷ˵Ļ˵һ룬ֻӺȻּʹŤ
һΣŤķʽĲͬʲôҪһ
˴ż룬ֻӺȻڶƿһ
һʪģǳСĶ˳ĳʹǣϵƬɫĹʡ
Ȼֻӱ仯ٶȷǳĿ죬ڣɹĶ˼³ĳ͵ſȻ˵ԱǸոŵģһֱ˵ϡ
˲䣬Χֻһɱһİ
ֻӺһպ˵ú̿һϵǸƴҪŪȥӵĽϾȻŹӣ
һʱ䣬˶æңҶһҶҪѳŪȥкܶһһضֻӣ߷ɹһ㡣
ڣϵǸ˵ԽԽСİҲɱһ𽥵ı΢ĺߺߡ
ùһ·ǰһ˵ϣҪһѽֻӸ·ק
·ҪסӵʱֻӺȻ䶶һ³Ȼ
˶һҲҶĿһֱܾ֮󣬲׳ŵýһҲˡ
ڳһֳǳԺڵϵǸҲû˿ѡļؿڶѾˡ
һˣôͻȻһʬ塣
ڳÿ˶£ͬ⵽׶ʲô
ĸ汾ŹۿӳķӦģĸȻһ˲ͻ˶꣬˶㲻ʲô
ϾֻĸʱҲôһֻҲֻ˵ĸӳʱᷢǿҵķӦҲû˵ĸȻƼ롣
ôΪʲôҪȥ׷ٻأ

˵Ҫǰ˵
ĳһϣͻȻյһֽ
ֽдţ˵ҽݵСѧͽһ˵ܡ
ϢĳͻȻϵģǸص˽ôһֽдζһ仰ʧӰ٣Ҳûҵ
ǶϢһʼҲֻǽŽɣĿ˿׷һǸѧͽûôϣֱǰôһϢ˵ǸСѧͽڽׯʧˡ
ׯǶʱӶʧ˺üˣǱΪֻǻµãпһ
û뵽ֹ˼Ⱥ˾Ȼȫˣǽʧ١һˡ
ɺϡ˵ʲô˼죬һֽ˹ֽȴһŽСдڽضкͻ˵ľ¼
ֽԱߵĻһ仰֪˭ˣܻŴӴϻ𣿡

¼ǵͷͷվڵ˵Ǹ²˼ĺġ
ȷ֪˭ǸѧͽŻģһ˺һֻӳ档
֪ģܾǰ͵õģ˵ǿʱӾͻ˷ֳѰЩǱٺʲ
µȻҲ֪Ӵģֻ֪Ӧ置ĹƳ棬ǵͷͷֻƳԼһ
һᣬһ˲˵⣬⵽˭
ûܹ𰸡
ŵǸ˻Ψһһܲ³ЩʲôģϾֻϧҲѾ˵ˡ

µϸһӣԼѪͿЩ˱Ƥ档
Ӧ֮ǰ·ǴθµڷԼѪȫԵⶾˣղڷЩ˵֢״ж֮һӦǸַѪ
Щ˶һϲһһֻӡ
ⶫս˿ë޵ģͨӵӣ컪ڴ澭ֶӱĻƺɫܶأһ
һⶼûУܸһëëһ΢ĴС
ǳȴȫУԱһ¾ҪҪӡ
¿ǣٿԼֱǲһ֡
ֻӵȷʵе˼
һֻǰ˻Ρ
ҵˡʲô˼
˭ҵ˭ˣ

ʶֶ

½˺ü, ҪȺǺԣȺ˾Ҳûгǰˡ
ʮֵĲΪջµĲ², Ⱥ˼Ȼ˵ҵˡ, ӦҪˡ
Щڴ, Ⱥ˵ôأңЩҵ˭أ
һʼΪȺҵ˻棬ԲŶ˵һ仰
΢΢е棬Ⱥôֻ¾ǻġ
ΪͷβûʲôܹԼݱ¶顣
ֱ˺ü춼ûеȵκϢǱ߶ƽ˾ʱ, ²һ²⡣
˺ܶʲô
Ϊķ˻¡桱ݵ, һȴ, ֱӶƴĴ, ϾҴ̽ݵˣ²ž㵨ûС
ڣȷʵΧһƬķƽ˾, һûС
ķƽ˾УͻȻһȻܸЦǺ޽ӽʵĲ롣
ȺĪǴûǻ棿
ôΪʲôҪôأ
¶Դ˸ӵİ˼⡣
ȻûаɻԡǾǵ磿
ת˼·һЩ˰²֮һʱͻԼǰڴǸˡ
֮Ի¼˲뵽ˣΪĿǰΪֹû¸овˡ
һµʱڴϻûڹ, Ǹ˵һ۾ϳˣ硣
Ĵڶڻ˵в⣬ΪĴڶ״˵һա
ʵ˵²ڻ¿Ҳôס
Ϊʹûдߣ͡硱˵ĸоǷǳͬġٵûʲô仯Ҫʡ
͸Ҳš
ε˵һ¥Ϥɱ쵽ƽĻǰƶ¡
³˶ȥˣֶ˲٣ֳһˣǾʡ
仰˵˰ѻºֿģʵûһϤ˻ỻһء·һССҽ浱һСѧͽһ㡣
ԽϤԽһ㣬¾ʹ󲻳״ϱӻȥһСҽݣȻ浱ѧͽһģ˵Ҳ۱ġ
ܱºסģ֮ǰûôӴˡ
ڰٲùôãûԼòʲôģҽݵҲСˣģһвٿˡ
Ȼû˹ҹµ鷳
Ϊǻ¼ֱһܻٻ۵飬ǵǱʶԸŻ½һĺʮ·ˣҲԸȥ뻪µ¡
ڰٲ̹̹ģʱŵͷǡֻҪ̹̹;û˻ỳ硱ֿѧʵϰĲһǻͦΪһ¡
һ»ͬԺһ£Լڻװɻµʱ򼸺ʲôֽţԻݲڰٲùƽ
Ȼ㶼ųˣǻһʱ仹벻ȺҵԼΪʲô
ֻǾ˿вǰ˶е㲡ȻԻ·ôԲͨز
µиȽϺõŵ㡪ʱ̣ԲԼ롣
ĳĺԼС˽ԱߣĿŽ
ԭڰдŶأڱôʮӺʵǾëȻ
תͷʲôֱ˵ôһֱҡ
ȿȣһ⡣µ졭ԼԼľ˸ҡ
㣿һüëǡʲôֵˣ
¿ŽŹ֣˵ֵӦþǽˣΪʲôﻹû
УΪʲôҪǸ֣֡
ûмƽֻ˵ֵǣǸ˸һ·֮ͻȻʧˣԭһС·֮ٶֵģҹһ֮Ҿͷûˡ
ţòƶ»Ȥһ㣬ʣϸ˵˵
¿ʼһߡ䡱һ˵ʵ˵ֱԼҪʱ򣬻²ŷһѶȶô顣
Ϊ԰Ⱥ˺񲢲ǳģȴֵĵȷȷǳͷβ飬漰ܶ⡣
硭ô֪Щֲǳأ
ٻߡǸٵ˴ʧ֮飬֪أ
Щûа취ϸ˵ϸ˵׳bug
ڴӹ˵ֱֱ£ЩԭΪŪȥ˵鶼ᱻץסСӣֻܺǵ˵˵ЩˡûпǷ硭ǣǼð磬ԲҪң
µĿһۻ£²֪ΪʲôֿһŨŨıӸУͬʱҲûʦͨĶû˵Ļ
ʲô˰㵱˰ɣɲɣ
ι
İ㵱ˡһᣬΪѵ˵ǵһϲɺص飬֤ôʱһֱڲùˡ
Ļȷһϲµ˼ôôòζ
˵ʲôǰӻйȥģôµͷˣ
ȿȣҵ˼˵֮ǰסĶôһˣģĸ㣬Ӧþʲô֯Ϊ磬һԴ˸жˡûʲôʡ˵
·ʱɺжֽȻͬĸйģ֯鲻ô׾١ôû˶ء
ºܴȥ׷ٴ֮㣬ǵпԭôȥ׷һȥ˸Ӵţֻǳе񣬶һҽﵱѧͽ㡭
ιٰѻ˵һ㣬ѧͽôˣҴôˣ
²֪ΪʲôĻǳˬĻ뷨࣬¾Īˬ
һ㽭˵ΪȷЩµܴ˵Ϊ׷˺ܶ࣬ʵֻһһµѪѾˡ
Ǹ˿Ǳű̬ģϵֳӣӣҲʲô׾ŪĶ
ºȻһ£Ҫô˵أ֣Ǹ˵Ǿ䡰ҵˡѹͲǶŻ˵ģǶšߵ˵ġ
ʶΪԷѾ֪˾ǻˣȴȫ˶Էĸܡ
ڶԷԼȫڸһ˵ĹбͻȻߣٴʱһ£ͷߵȫͬˡ
᲻ᡭЩ˸ͲǳģΪͿĻأ
ͺ˼ˡЩ˴ǻ뷨أ
˼ʱ򣬽ƺҲͬ뵽ʲô
ԻµΪһ׷ʱ㲻תͷһۣÿ󣬵Ǹ˶ˡ
ţʲô˼
˵ʱᷢʲôˡ
Īľý⻰ЩֵֹģҲûΪȻЦЦݺȻԽԽԽԽֱЦռİ
һߴֹЦһ˵նķʶ˵ĶĸУرʶһЩ˵ֶΡ
¿ЦݣĬĬʣ㣬㻹𣿡
õúܡһۻµı飬͵ջϵЦݡ
ĵʱ䣬бҪȥҼˡ

˭

ʱ˵ҪҼ˵ʱ, ԼһֲԤС
Ȼ˼, ԤйȻͳˡ
¿Żƹݸʱ, Դϴ, ˵ô, û¸ߴյģ
ˣ»˸ʱ֬, ʱһΪԼģûе, ֻȵһš
˰Ÿùȥʱ, ֶе, Ͼڻ˵ӦǵһοһˣˣǸȴȫûԹġ
ȴûô˽, Ҳֻд仰ѡ
һֶȥһ, ϲõһֶΡ
ǡ
°ӸԱߵ, ˽˹˳־ͷ֮ϵȼˡ
ûȥȼŵֽ, һף˴ǰ
ŵĽֵ˼Ž˵Ǿ仰ĺ塣
ǳϤ, ˵ĻҲܿó
²˵ĵʲô˼һ£Լﱩ¶˺͡桱ϵ

ǣŵеǾɽģԻºӦûʲô̫ĹϵҲ΢ùıǣһ㡣
ǾǻԼСı¶ˣ
۾һΧˣÿ˶صͷҸӡ
ӦáҲܰɡջߡ
ܵĻǸһʱ仹벻ʲôĿˡ
²а˼룬ԼʼԽ쿪ʼ˳һֱ˳ǰĲ豻Σߵ˴Ҵһ£ѻȸ
һֱƻʱ֣²͵̧ͷһȻ
Աߵ˶һ飬׷׻࿴ţ֪ͻȻ뵽ʲôŻᷢ
ºȻһ飬ϸİоȫ˳֮׵ġ
һֱȷʵʮСĵڸԼݣһʱ䡪Ǿǿʱ䡣
һʱ֮УǼûпǹݵģΪǡּȥװˣȫÿǵ⣬һжŶףԻװĸİá
̬֮£ʱ¾ͻᡰһЩȷʵôһΣԼǰСı¶˺ܶණ֮һԼ͡桱֮ŵһЩڲͬĹϵ
Ǹطȫ
¶Ķ࣬ҲǸطĴӪйء
껪ºͽһȥȫԡ硱ȥӴһ׽Ĺ¡
˻Ǹʱ¶ģôʱȫڹûȫȥ
µļһôףȻ״еļ˵鱾һʱģǻԼļ仹Ƿǳģġ
ǰɶһܼǵĻ´ʱ˿ƴĻǰ飬룬ʼֻһЩģӡ
ǼǵõʱȫʱһְǽһۣԼĵϣ׵طˮ
ŬûһȺ˵˼ѵʱֵµһǵСӸŪ˵
һ㣬Ҳǻ¾ױ¶ĵط֮һǾΪʱûа취ȺǴȫһġʽ뿪ΪһСİѻݵ̫ǿˣʱֻһЩȽ˽ܵСֶΡ
硭鿴ǡ桱͵͵ķŹһ
ô˵оͻˡΪʲôһأ
Ʈһ
ԵʱľΪΪ˰ɣ
ʱڳĽʵͦģϾڡӳȫ;У˳ַŹһСıȫĽˣҲһӡ˳ȥҲ˳Žһ»İڶ⡣
һֱûЩˣΪЩ˵УǸǿͻ֮ЩСģܿһЩèģҲֻдͷβڻߵһȺˡ
ǻΪôĵ£ôһһɵˡ
ô³èģǡþŵôһеģֲǺϵģܻеСˣ
ڻ䵽ʱ򣬻µȻһӰ
ʱǸ龰£ȷʵһȲţֲǻˡ
˵Ĵڸ΢еϡ˵һֱİԼļ֮ɾˣȴʱȻ
ͻȻ͵˽ֽϵǾ仰Ĳˣһǰδеĳͷ˺ܶǰ˵顣
ǡǡóɵ顣
͵ֱ
֪ʲôŻ˵ĻпòǰҲȺ˴ˡ
ʶУϤЩ˵ģӦ״СΪǰ˸ơһѡ
һֶȥһˣϲõһֶΡĵȷȷǽһҸ档
Ȼ˵ļޣǻ´ʱ˿룬ϱĳʱ̸ôһֽͲôĲҡ
һɲɵģϱӡơ״еǸˣʱȫϳֵǸȲţҲǻͬһˡ
ɽɵԡ

ʱ͸ڻµߣȫĿ˻¾ôӳȥģҷǳпܲ³һè塣
ò³ֻܶ࣬Ҫ³һ㣬ƾѾ㹻ˡ
Ϊͺܳɹɹһء
ϣ鼤Ƭ̣е㺦Լô˼İ״ҲˣԾƽϢ
ʵЩ΢
ȻЩͷҼųųģ¾Īľģ״ôӹ
Ҫ֪Щ飬һһ֮󣬵ڶξͻǳСˣھָо
ðԭСӡţļķѣһֽɱȥʸףһȰˣһ㣬ⱲҲɵ⣬Ҳûʲôۣһԩأ
Ȼתһ¡
ˣ²۾˭ôɵŰţⲻôһɵ
ʱԿ˰
찡
ڻµ˼ɱԱվŵ˶ЩˡǳĽţÿ˼ﰵԵ룬찡ϴڤ˼һ죬ʱʱɱϴ˼ʲô

µһСţСӵĶӳţСһֱڱ״̬ԭǿõġ
ڲڣһЩ鶼ǴСӳ𣬴ʱ˿̻¶еĴСӳһǵкӡ
˳ͦƣɻҲȽΨһȱʱȽϺúŪ
ʵҲͱɴСӳģȫ֮ץȥ˺óһʱ䣬ڽӳİ£֪ôĪĻ˸Сӳ
ǿҹգ˵ԼһøһСӳȴƫƫҪСӳ£ʲôʱ򻪶ӳܹӳزҲð
ʱһֻͻȻ˹ȻһͷĻ
ţʲôǰѸϵֽ˿˿ۺȻе㷢ֱ
ļٵġողֻ˵˵



ǱԼ, լӵǰ档
ͣʱ, ֲ, Īĸпһ
լ󡭡ոǱƹ˺óʱ䣬ȵͣʱѾǵԼոնʲô·ˡ
ӳԺ, Աһ, , Թ, ߰ɡ
, Թ𡭡
κƺȻ˼ҽָ֮ܶоˬˡ
Ϊһ˼ҵĺӣͷһᵽֵĸо
֪ͨ˵ҪæѾþöûˡĳϽǶӱǵӻҪ, ΪѾþöûпˡ
˵ǾܣÿǵʱһҲ̶õĸоÿζرʽװô, Ż¶ı顣
ڴ˷ܵĴ˼, Ȼ󿴼ﻹẒ́˰죬ûóԣ׼͵͵óȥʾ˵Ǵӽׯġ
ׯڲʲôܽģʱ˿ܽׯӵ, ˵һʵ
Ƕֹʮģֹ˸ɵĹ֮ǰֱ硣
˷ܵʱſڸպþ;ˣӦһһŮеһֱû˵ֻŮߴߴġ
ǸŮ˵ʵĺģǵøһĳЩˣ˵´ٸ˼ҽǰҪǿԼ·ЬˡȻġе㲻׵
ġ
ԭڴϰϵ˫ۺȻ͵
ԺŪһ·Ҹ˰ɡǸŮӵЩ
ҪԼʳԼ׬Ǯ·Ҫ·ʲô
㣡
թʬһĴӴ
ССİѴһС죬Ȼ͵͵̽ͷȥһ棬֮һĽҿһ棬þͿϤĴ
ڸ㳶ƤòҪԻ½ʲôĸƻҪԵС˧磬³ֵķԼ彣͡ʣͬĻֵľһɶҲֱС
ֱʣδǻĳλ˫ͬ־ѧģλеǰѧֻҪԻ·㹻ֱôη塣
ʱ˿̵Ļ»ûзװĲһǽ֮ŵڻǼ¸ô졣
ʵ˵кüˣͻ룬ҹζ롣
뿴ҪԺĳ˸ˡԣھǴҵ˼һԺһ˽֪ĴĻ㻹﴾գǵһô鰡
ӳ
»ûüӦĻͺȻһϤתͷһͿһƺϤˣſĳ߿š
ָּӣȸжְ޵ʹûһʱ֮ΪԼǸС
ӳ»ûֺһ䡣
ں޲ñŻ´һ
ӳԭⰡȻ˼ãΪʲôȥɻأ
ǰڿ˶ԷȻг˶Է֡
ʲôӳԱߵŻɻüͷ
ˣ£ȸļ䡣˵ȴǱߣСĶ˵ʱҪҶӳʲô𣿡
æ졣Ż£ԴϴθԷ뿪ǽͷһμ
˵ʵҲڡ֪¾ģڽĿӦúͬΪɵӵǸ
˵һ˿Ӧһ㣬ʱ䱻ݲее̫ˣıѹĿ־壬ʹԻֻúõķйһͨ
ȻҲΪ̫Ĺϵڡ֪¾֮ǰԻӡԶǸԸͦСӳ
Ҫô˵ܰڵĻµĶǲʶء
˸Ӵŵ˵ѻϳͺѹǶʶ˵ļܷˡ
˵⣬ĵ뷨ֻһӳˣòڿԽˡ
ӳʲôʱܻȥźı飬͵ķֱ
ǸЩǸĿ˵ʱӦûزȥźúͺãûʲôɣ
Ǵ͵ĿŻ¡
¿ǵı飬ЦҲϡ
ֻһ뷨һֱŻʱʱļӰ໹Ǯˣԭǡӳ
ǵȥСӳ˵˭
һɺԺд
˻ûü˵ʲôԱߺȻһׯСܼң˻ºǣûеĻܷһˡ
ºǲԼͬҡҡͷ
Ȼܺ潭ʲôҲûжʣͿ뿪ˣֻ뿪֮ǰƴ¼ǵûʱһҪȥ
º˽ӣ߽ȥһ˲䣬һӵ˰ǰ
ȫŵͬǣ¿ʶĻвʶģƵĻвƵģȺ֮伸ۡ
һֳҲһСطվţǴʱ˿Ҳ΢еˣҲֻǸڻµһطվš
ˣûʲôĻǾȳȥɣǼ¡ǸŶҵ˵˶ɢŴ˳ȥһʱʣ˼ˡ
Ǹڻµе£Ȼֻص˰ǰȫڻµ߻ʱΪԼҲݲеĹˣû뵽һµߣ˲˳ӡ
¿һˣ²͸ҪʲôΪСĿģҲֻǵͨųԱģʵЩ⽻̸̫㡣
⿴۽ܸһ𰸣һ̧ͷüĿĸǸ赹ˮأȫҪʲôʾӡ
ǸˣŶҵ˶Ų豭Խʵæش𣬡ǡ
ֱʶӦ˵硱飬вٲǡĿĳԱûп
µĴ˻ۣϾʹԼƽĳϲģҲδͻּ䵭硣
ǰԲϲ
ûƵϻˡ
˼֮󣬷²豭˵һ䣬ҲаɣպϣʱҲ˻ô죬Ȼˣ͸ӦϵģҪƳʲô
æĵͷǡ
ҲʲôֻϣǱ鷳ˡǸ˵˵ţȻһ£Խ˻µļͷһۻǣʽʲô
һתͷŷǲ֪ʲôʱȻɵɵҲˡ
ʱվһͷһôһʣҲеɵֻۣǻĵġ
ԵĶһ£ӻˣԺңһģ͸ġ
Ǹһ㶣˿£ֿ˿ǣµͷʲôҲֻ֪ãȻĿš
һᣬ˺ȻЦЦ죬ſŵ˶
һЦһ˵ԭôɵ
ɺãȻĿ˿ֿ˿¡

ҹд

ӳ, ֪Ǹ˵Ļʲô˼𣿡
֮, еãȻʽ
˴㻪ӳϲСΪ, Ц㡣治ɫ˵
ôܰЩЦԷ, Ǹɵ, Ҳôĺðɡ
ּ粢һ·ǺȻʣӳûںҶ԰ɣ

ŸղǸ˵ݣ뽭̬, оӦһͷСˣ, һܶͶ, ܶš
Ʋ, ûﻹİһ, Ĳ֪ôһıˡ
˵㡣
ų߹㣬ºȻĳһ뷨
˵˱ô˵һˡʱϸʲô, ֪岻Ǹ˵ݵʲô
Ǹ˱˭ݸһأ
ȫ֪¸ղ˭Իµղȥ˭ѽ
һЩֵģҲʶ˭ˡ
Ȼ㲻֪˭Ǿ߰, ȥ
Ż£һǰߡ
ڽլܸоųԱŨȱࡣ
߰춼һһ߾ܿһˡ
еΪʲô׼ƵģµĿȺˡ
ֿ˿Աߵ㣬΢Щ΢
Ϲ棬ԱֵĺҪôͬǵǰ治һܱݳֻȻɵζС
;־εҾûԺϰʲôģ˼ҿϷҲе㲻ֵ
ǣֻȥˡĻһ춼źλĴʵ˵ﲢӭЩˣΪЩ˶ԼݹϹֵģΪȤ
Ǹ˺㶼һ·ˣȻǸԼ϶ôΪ
һôţһϹҳȱЦݡ
ͻһССͤ棬¿طֱ֪ʲôסˡ
ͤмоĴﻥдա
ֻ顪һ߽Ĵڶ߽˧
¾ԼѾĥ߰˷͸ˡ
ͤȷʵ˧磬˧վﻥȻṦء
ǡĬĬתͷһ㣬Ӧò֪˧綼ŵԼ顣
Ϊһ˵˧綼еƢģ˧粻ûƢЦͬһůΧ˴һƬϥǸߵСƨǳĴүڵģǻ˵˧֮ⲻھơ
аĬĬĸпһ䡣
걻һСڶΪ˺ϸˡ
ΪʲôԴôأΪС˧ú졭һ룬ǵػˡ
ػǱͣ˲٣Щ˶ˣҲǴػ֮һ
ʱҲͦĽģûʲô֮ǣֻҪô101˵Ҳڸ㣬ⲻһøŵ̬ڸ㣬ϰ̬ڸ㰡
һĽĿˣȻקקµ˵㿴ˣһرĴ㳤Ҳûǲúѧѧ϶Ҳܱǿġ
еϧòҵ÷Ŀн緶˧磬û뵽ȫǹٷƤġ
㲻㾩ǴСľ׼룬ŽϢ˧ضǣû뵽һŵġ
¸һԵϣڸΧ˴һƬĹ۲һᣬȷС˧Ŀġ
С˧ڳȺڣΪպõĻ鱨ס
һԣЩĵţϵǣΧĵĻ⻹ĸеϵΪ֮ĻǴǰ翪ʼġ
˵ĶԡһүһмĴһӣҪô߱ڹãҿָǵ걻¥ɱ׷ʱģȻôôϸߣ
ǸиߣԶԱһλүߺԶǲͬĸܰŪ죬Ҫ˵㲻ͲҪϹ˵
ѽү˵ĶԡԱߵһС˧ϽԲҾĸߺԶһҪԲԣ
һүȻһ̧ͷȻͺͳ°ͿĻ߶ˡ
ͬʱ˳Ĭ֮У¹˻ᣬЦų˸к
͵ذͷת˹ȥ
û̫㶮ŵķӦ飬һСıͻȻָŵˣڱ͵͵˼ңȻ󻹲СıҲôӦ
Щ˶֪ݵˣͬҲ֪ðƵ磬Ͼ껪¼ðʱȺ˰ں浱ƹʦʦԼţԻЩ˵ʱﻹͦɵġ
ﰲĿͤӵĶϣͤ滭żرĻƣǼƳ
С˧ԱµͻȻָӰ쵽ˣڶеĲɵģ¿ǸղŻڸүĵģʱʱľͳ߿һۣлһĪĹŹ֡
ףСڻ¶ʣǲ͵͵Ŀ߰ڿʲôأ

˵Ϲĵ
˵ҲһĿΪǵУӦôһðƻṦǱĵĸ߻ǱĵԶ⣬Ϊףǡٵġ
С˧ûлµǿ
ȺţҪȥһˣͤӵĶϻܸߣһиƯС˵ҪΧ˭ܵһǸСġ
ûжǳ˷ܵڻµĶ˵ȥһͤӻûǷĳլӸء

ȥ԰㲻ԣôܻأôʱ䶼ˣ˼Ҷҹдˣ
Ҳ԰Ҳҹдʲôóġ

ͤӵΧȻ߹ˣһ˴ŰɫĶңһ˴źɫĶңȻǸڶҵŤͷ
ͻ£΢΢üԱߵ˵Слµʲôʱʶģ
ҲûʶáŴ𣬡ֻǿȱ˸飬԰ѻ½йȥˡ
ʲôģڶҵ룬ǵǸϷɡ
ԡں˵һǰȥļң˳Ҫıı˻ʶǻ˸νСҹд
ҹдǸֵһ˲䣬͵Ц
һʼЦܵͣԽԽЦĸĻƺǱ֮ǰΪʱЦĻҪˡ
һʵҲ⡭Ϊ껪µһƺŵʱԼЦ˰졣
ã˲Ų˲Ц˼ѾܾöûЦˡ
ˣԱĵֻСİϷûκ۵ĵطҪǲϲ͸˵עһ㣿
ûʲôǺȥͺáڶЦţŽԼ֣ս˵ҹд㿴ž硣
ɿȭͷûžҹд
Աߵͷ
СǸˡ˵ǲôģƫƫҪŪôһŪ鶼ЦһҪ˵»˼
Աߵͷ
ǾҿҹдǸʲôɡЦ˵һ䣬Ȼôͷˣܸˣ˵Ժȥɵģܲȥһӵɡ
һ䡣
ҹдУͦʺȥһԺģܲŸ˰ɡ
ͷͤĻƣղһֱ۾Ѿȫˣ۾ֱֱĿͤ淢㶡
ҪʵڲȥǾͻȥɡԱ΢еʧ˵
ºȻһס
㣬ţ
תͷ㣬ȻЦһá
ȥǿԣȥҸ
лҪ˵ҸоfeelͦѰѿذҪװƽƽıȣɾָĵġ
ǿҶڵİѿô
ͷŶ=أ=

ͤͤ

ߵȺ˻Χ, Ṧ, ûע⵽ºͻƽ͵͵뿪ʧһʱ䡣
ȹһڳǵмȥһ£˵鲢, κʱĻǴү, ΨŵģֻǸϵġ
˵ġͤӻû㵱Ǹǽء, طѹҲûʲô, 󲿷˶ֻû¸ɴմֶѡ
緢ڽլࡰԡһ
ʱСͷ, еʱġһȺ˸Ϲ֡
Ȼ˼ճԵ, ׼ظ, ҸʱģֵļһȻ
ոջһΧЦӭְ˽˿, иСʣûʲôɣ
ûС
ͬʱģһͿʱһˣ°ǰɵ̬
ôһ, ˾ͲԼͬĿʼΧѰһϤӰ
ղǿʱһ, Īץĸоڸղ, ֺȻʧˡ
һֱǸƢرõˣԸղſ̫뿪Ҳǲܵġһ˵˾Ͳһ, Ա²۱ˣ˷¾ȻҲǵϡ
ҪȻһһȥԸɡСԼƢôãȻ˵ʲôܾⲻȥ
ҲǣĿ滵Ƣô࣬ͻ濴ˣ۸˼ҡ
컹𣿡
ҲðɡǱߵǸЦһ£㿴ʲô𣿽첻һ֣Ϳ϶ôˡ
ҲǡôһֱҲǲáǸ̾˿߷羰ͦÿģиͤӳˡ

ʱԱߴһЩϸ΢ĽŲ
ƺм˴ԱߵС·Ϲˣ⼸ʱһ£߼˵ע⡣
ҲֻתͷȥһۣͲûʲôȤİͷת˹ȥ
ҲǼͶѣ˭߶УҲûй涨˭ܹ˭ܹ
ⲻ֪ȺһţһСĵĴط˵ô£
ƺûʲôԾĵطΧһƬг
Ǹո˭
չԼеǸͰ͵ֽһɻĿԱߵˣЩҲͬɻ
˴ŷжľţ⿴ܿУȴӶò˵Ҳһۡ
Ϊ˵ո֮ǰǱһҪģȻﻨ㣬ɽˮ㡣
ϵɱûɢɾأΪղֽ˵⣬Ҫ顣
ֻǵһֽǾ̶ֵȣֵֽʱ͵ص㶼Щ㤡
ΪȻĪͳǵϵģȻʱȴ޲
ӿµǣֽĲʻζĪһϤĸо
һʱٵжһȺ֪͵͵ĽӴǡ
ʱõľֽţͬѬ
ȺأݲǶ˵ȴֲòϵ
ΪȺĶڵɴ඼ҪЩвάֵȥҪ׬ǮͱҪǴùϵ
Ⱥ˴򽻵ҪķྫģҲ˶ͬȺ˺ദв˶Ⱥһֹ֣պʲô벻ֶΡ
һ׽͸֯˶ϲ֯ôԷһڡҵʱϢҶǳľÿطɳྫӢ

ȻŴҳԱ㡣ţһΣǱ߻ͦƵС˧ڰүǡ
Ծʲô鲻ԾӦðôʲô鶼ûзһ
ģԽԽ½½ĵ˼ʮǶм仹ʳ˵Ǽһ֪
ЩеվУеǶԱߵϣݶϣеڹľеĸһǽߵԶԶĹš
󲿷жŸվеһ̬Ҫʲô£в˶ʰĸɾҩȫĨ˵УҲװˡ
˭Ҳν𡭡ȺĻʱһθоһǰδе׽͸
ͬʱҲൽвʵʲ͵͵ĹԱ˴еķһֱûз¡
һʲôܡ
ﶼô롣
أǿϣˮ̶棿
ЩеĴүСƨأΪǵòǣ˶֪Բκһˡ
վŵʱЩˣԱүŰأԱŵ˻е㲻ͷ
һүͻȻһ壬תͷվŪɶϣ̫ˣ𿪡
Բ𡣡
ɱոմɢȥһĿĬĬվһߣһվһǰ棬ʣǵ̫ս
үļ壬ԱһȺүһ߿һ塣
Ա޺ĬĬĹ۲⼸λĴү߽ľ۽
ĬĬľ۽үкͷϣȻĬĬľ۽һȦһȦĶӷϣ󡭡۽ϡ
̣Ҳ塣
ӡ¥
ĬĬĹ۲үǡ
¥ɱڶѾˣ
¥ɱֵ
·ҲԼеֽ˹һľɲ߸ͬɲİв֪ʲôĻƽ
⣬ô£ƽҲų극Ǿһ̵˹׷׷ϡ
꣬С˵·ı࣬㣬ԸţҲҪǳ
ΪʲôƽЩص·Ͱȴ˵ˡ
ǸոԼϵյһֽֽ֪ͨһֽҲûʲôֵģ𺳵ġֽİơ
һֻܸܵĳģŭŵĻ
·ʱһֱ⻨飬ôͻȻԼϣëȻ
ԼѾ˸˵ĸоͷţʲô񣬵ȴĻ
Ⱥ֪Լ׷ǣ
ﱩ¶ôˣ
ķӦû·ô󣬵ҲѾľˡ
ͻصһ仰
ӦðһֱڶǸˣ޲Զǰ
ôͻȻأλоʲôӦðǵһ𡭡
ĪλҲ¶עˣڳԺ

ѽ̫ˣǰѵϰɡͤС˧
ȥõʱ򣬺Ȼӿվ˲ˣͬʱסһ
ô£һС˧˼⣬Ҳûʲô·˰
Ҳͤ𣿡һС˧ͬһã
о죬óһۡ
ʳͦð˴Ҷɢɢˡ

ʵ޻

ºڽ, һ˴һСߣ䲻һϲ˭
ղźȻô, ֵ», Щ˶˭
˭֪ҡҡͷ
װһ֪, Լȴڿļˡ
šȻǰʱ仨ʼΧ֯ǸȷѡʱһϢ, ˼ȫˡ
ڰô˶йֻΪСͤ¾ǲе⣬µôǡ
ϾɹºȥˣҲһ
һΧȺãȻ, ĵɤӣ˶㡣
ΧȺãȻһջǳվ˳, ͤ˹ȥ
·ںҲǴ, вסģῴ˳Ǳ˹ȥ۾һתҲ˹ȥ
ǱߵС˧ԭûпʲôԾأ֮, ΢΢ü
˵ķʽһЩ޵ʣ֮һЩϸ΢С·Щ֡
ֵĸоҲ˶ƺ˵ڵһ˿Ծ䱸֮, ǶԼͬĿʼ˼ֵĸоʲô
İŵС˧翴Ⱥˣһ£ǸղžͿվˣΪ·ġ
ûǡһᣬ֪ô˵أԱߵĴүʮֵˣͦģɡ
лл
ǱģκʵЩ̫죬ͷԣֻܰ
ôʵġ϶ΧȺүһƵС˧磬Ǹŵˡ
˶͵͵Ĺ۲ܣ뿴ΧǷڽ͵͵Ĺ۲ǡ
веģ޷Ǿʱһֱڸ͵͵ϵǸصġ֯
ȻڶûǴ֮ǰҲԼһЩЩ˲ġ֯ĴһЩҲЩɥĲԴڶڼɵš
·ҲΧˣ϶Ÿһı顣
ղš﷢ʲô𣿡һǰǸŵС˧磬ŵС˧类ʵһ㶣˼ڤ룬Ҳûʲô°ôˣ
ûûʲô·
ôˣŷֶԷϱĥǸϼ룬ϼӱȽر·۾΢΢ͣһ¡
ӵǡ
ðһطȴû˵ڣһΧкܶҲղĶһ
ӦûпӦǸط
ôءǸ˽ô˹Ϊʲôȴټҵأ
ɻʱ򣬺ȻԱһվǸͤ棬һ䣬ڿʲôأ
ڿôȥ
Աߵĳ̧ͷһۣȥǺ𣿡
˵֮󣬾ͺȻ䷢Χȫžˡ

ղĴүˣղŸĴүˣղһ鿴ĴүҲˡ
ôˣ
ͻİУĳجвŻͻȻֵľһи˶ּžʴӡ
ëȻʱ򣬸ղŸ˵ǸүͻȻһļ
ͻһ°һ顣
ȥ

ļãȻĿŴү
ģȥ·Ա̽ʡ
԰Ǹүһ˷ܡ
תͷǱվС˧˵ȥ
ү֮ôΧˣڳһܹṦȥˣ
ɤŷǳгֱĤ
һɤ˲ڳ˵ĿⶼͶ˹ҲǱ߻ڿֵͻע⵽
ȥתͷĶԻµ㿴ٲȥĻǱ߶ȥˣ
ǾȥɡĵҲһᡣ
Χ˶ͦӵģͦԭֻǳ극˶ͣҪ뿪ĽŲĿǸոա˺ڡˡ
ʵ֮ǰɨˣЩˮƽߵˣˮƽ߲ǳԹϡ
Ǹڴ˷ܵУһΣʼĻ
Ŵߵϣֻã
ķӦҲΧķӦ
ĵͤ
ΪʲôȺ˶ֵô
Ǹͤ桭ʲôرµĶ
Χ˵߶Ͷϣ·ִԼһ򵥵ͤӣҪȥʲô춯صĴһ
Ǹֵ֯ǵʵĿҪʲô

˵ͤӶ˵ȷһ㶼ѣƽʱ˶˵̧Ⱦˡ
ܲסʱ˿̵˹졣
ŵˡ
˽Ŀһŵˣʱ˿̿ʼǲǸû¶棬ֻǸֽڿ
еĽˣħʥͽǶǲԸ͢򽻵ġ
Ϊ͢򽻵ζкܶ鷳
¶ʲôģ߲Сıʲôģ֮˵УȺҪ鷳ж鷳ԶһЩ
ŵû͸˵˼ֻǿߵˣЩʣǸһ£ĸɵĵҿװ磬ǡ
Ҳǡն˵
ŵ˲䱻˵ķӦŪĽһ£
ҡԥһҲû˵
˰ԱͻȻһǶʲôأҲ뿴
һͷһźɫߣҹµ˳
˿Щֵֹģô˵ء
Ȼᶼèһ߲˴֮仹ǷǳԷʵɲģϾȻ¶棬Ƹ㹻
˾˿û𾯾Ե˼
ԭ֮һǡǳĴ͸ʲô֪һ
ԭ֮ﻹ˸ӣ滹桭
ǴģȻôŲӳֵˣŵҲȫһ£̽һ¶Է
Ȼ˵˿е̫ʵ޻ˣЩ鵽˼·һʲôأ
ŶǸرȻ˵Աߵҩʹ轵ġ˷ŵûţʳ

һ˴˰ΣתͷȻʮּᶨĶŵ˵ǳﱻֵģҲŵûţ
ɶŵ˶е¡
һʹ轵ġһֵģ
ʲô磿ôе㡭ôأ
ҡ룬ɶʱȻҪ˴ˣĳﵹҲû˰æ˽ׯԼ⣬ŵ˹ȥæ
Ա߿ţ𽥵һ㽩Ӳ
Ա߸ոʧ˵Ĳ豭
ȵȣźˮǸ˾ǻ°ʲôʱȥģ
УΪʲôҪǸ
µǵĿԱߵǸˡ
аһŵɱ˵ԼǳӵġҪȫԱʳж
ǵͦӦͦģ˵˵ŵʻͦߡ
˿˻ֿ֮ŵ˺󣬺ȻԼͬĿʼϴ˻ᣬ߾ȫŲɴˡ
·ǳ鴤һԱһ޳У仹Űѱ˵ģ
ġ
ĬĬתͷֿһָʺ죬˱ǵĹָģ
ңҹϴ·ģ
Ƿˡ·һ²ۣһĬĬժ˿鲼ϣ׼һʾ˵ԼҪġ
ûа취±¶Ǹǳʱ˵飬Ƕ仨Ǹ⣬ŵҲǸ⡣
ԲԵۣһҪʹڸУԼŪԽۡԽԽá
ԭΪԼܹ򶨵ģֱ֣ոΪǽ˵ȺǣȻһɴ
ҾͲָһءĬĬ̾˿תͷһŸзС˧磬ְ̾˿
ʱȻС˧һԵŵķԵðҲȥȻģǸ߶ȶ԰¡
㣬

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ǸոոһվŵǸߵ̫, Ҫ΢һᣬƾܿһĻľ
һȺΧͤ, ˼ͤӣȺһģŨü۵, һھһŨŨĴͷΥ͸С
վһߣ˿ûΪԼΪе顣
ʵ֤, ȫȷ, ҹдԲһԴһȾ, Ǵ˵ı
㿴, Ҳ˴ͷ
·ΧȺˣĪ뱬Цĸо, ʵͦʶ, ῴȺԳģ̯˾͸Ц
ҪǴȥǺʷһĴڡ
ȻӦҲû˻ᴫȥģΪұ˴˶, ˭ȥ, ൱ҲڱĳЦԼ
ʵԶԶҪ˴֮װ, ġκδҶǡˡ
˭ҲԸȳͷ, ˭ñ̽ͷȿ⵽ôһ¡
ʱһվ΢һΧ˭㲻ķΧͲôȥˣκ˾һֱûг֡
пŹֵģ¾ֻиղŶŲӳǸһ
ҲǸղŵһˡ
Զװɵ˵, Ψһһɵġ
Ϊ˿ʵ̫ʵ޻ˣȫ״̬ӣΧ˺ԶǴװͿ˿ͿǼٺͿ
ڶĹ۲ΧжЩ˭﾿ΪʲôֻվʲôҲûɣǳΨһһĹֵġ
ƽԱߺĿţ˺⵱ȻҲбˣΪߵǸ˶档
ҲΧϣֻһ˫۾档
·߹۲أԱߵİȻһü£㿴Ǳˣ쿴
·ŰӣûʲôϣĳǱ߿һۣȻȻסˡ
ǱҲԶԣ˿ҪкܶˣΧһɴΧ֮У˴ǳߣԶȺĵط۹ĮȻɨ״̬ĴС
·Լﰵ˼һ¶ԷݣȻ󰵰ľԱߵİ˷ܵ˵㿴ɣʲô
ꡣ·˵СˡǵĶٴһǾͻˡ
æ졣
·Ǳߵо˵ּľȻѾˡǸ˵Ҫʲô
Ｘʶľ뵽һˡֵǸŻһɡˡ
ɵ
Ǹˡô˶йʲôأ
;˿϶һݼһֱûв͸Էݵ˭
Ǹ˸û˿ñ˲͸ݵķʽʱ·Ǹһ
·˻񣬰ʱ˿Ķ찡찡ϳ˺ööˡЩôȫˣһҪܱһȣҵİ˵ŵĻܸ׼ȷЩ
Ļ󣬻ƽЩĴ˹ʣﶼ˭
㿴ǱߵǸ˽ĸƽָСǿǸأǸɵԼʦֲȥĸš
ۣƽ
ǸǸָָһߵһ˵ֵʮУЩе϶Ҳ˵ҾͲ˵ˡȻ찡
ƽȵĳ߿š
·Ȼһ˿˿ɻɻĸоֻܽǴ֪ǣ·Ȼϴ֣ʵϻǸǳϸˡ
תͷһ°ղŶűӵǸˡܿ˭𣿡
תͷ˻һۣ漴͵ͷ۾Щϣһ߻һ˵ʶûġ
·Ļתͷһԣ˵ʶľͻʶˣȻרҵˮƽûǰİߣֻǻģҪûӡǾ˵ڽĲ
ҲΪˣ·һ˿˿˵ֱܿɢ˳ȥ
ۡⳡ档ĪļȻ֪ĸ̬ô˽йطðôǰˡ
˷ܣ·Դμͷһô˷ܹ뵹Ҳ֡
۲콭ˣȻ˳Űģ¾ȻôĴ󿧣ڰ˵ֱҪַ˵һ¡
·ʮֵĽꡣ
룬һСӦöǸİɣô˽еһΪ˸ʲô
ʵ·ѾʼкܶܶǳõĲˡ
ڽεôãôദ·Ѿ֪һЩ˶֪Ķ
ڶ཭˾ۼһĳĪŵĸоҲ֪ڽЩʲôֻҪһ뵽Χô˶ãȻľۼһ뵽һЩõ
ղŵǸŵС˧绹ԥվ棬ܿܶ˶ڶԽĲҵȥһô¡
ɲͬﱾڰߵģŵṦԳһ֣Ǳô˶ţĲŵһ硣
˺ܾãҲһģ˼ҪôʱߺȻһ˵ȳ
Ǹŵ֮˲һĵˣǸүһקסʣȻᣬҪȥİ
ҡȻȥλҪܲСıץС˧εĵʱû׼ȥ
Ŀ֮ĵ˵˰СĴյ·Ķߵ˵ôͻȻ䳷ˣ
ҿкü·ҲС˵ҹŴǸͬе˲ԸðգԾȻȥˡ
֮ЩżҪˣ˭ȥͤ浽ʲô
ȥ·бۿ۰
ҲȥԴεĸ˹Ƶġ
ǲ㲻ȥָűȥ
ӹȥˣԴǸŵȥ֮󣬾Ҳû˸ǸͤӵģҶڽĹ
·ȻһʼҲǳĽҲ÷
⣬ΧҲӿ˶ʼ಻סˡԿԿղŴʱֻǰվŻҵֶѾķ˹ȥ
Ϊһ࣬ȻͻܶࡰˡЩˡˣζȻء
ټ˼˼ͤǸʲôû
мһǶġһˣǾֻһ֪ˣǾ֪ˡ
֪Խܾ࣬ԽĲܡ
νûˮȣ˭ҲԸ̫֪ͤ澿ʲô
һʱ䣬ﾹȻ˼ɱζ
ﶼһ˿˼˴˵Ĺ۲ŶԷʵ
·ӱͲѹסӣԱߵİͼһֵѹס·ǧɵ°㿴Χûһ˶ģȱ𵱳ͷ񡣡
ѽ·ʲôгͷ񣬴Ҷ֪ʲô𣿡
ԱĵĿһЩˣ㿴ǵҪǳȥ˵ʮѵӳɹ
·۵ʱԱߺȻһȻλȥãϷλȥɡ
䣬Ǳ߳һڵͷһƺ«ģʮֵĻ磬һǡ
Ŀڣ˶߿˹ȥͷԼͷ«ֺһڡ

ϣ·ԱСľ
ȥôˣһҲСľ
ӣƽһƣ·ʶ
λСϡͤ棬Ŀ˹ȥȻλݵģʵǿ
һ֣ܶ˾ֲҶˣеպȻֱ
·ΧˣղкܶҪ֣ǿ˭󣬾ְջȥˡ
ΪˡЩ
ϹŹŹֵЦݣ˫۾Χ˵ǶȥȥһҪǿʲôĶǿɲ
һСֹ˭Ҹ
Ŀֵͷߵͤ棬ȴڰʲô
ͷۿžҪȥˣȴҲûֹԭ֮һǴ֪书ܸߣǡͤ澿ǺǻҲͤ澿ʲô
һаһĶأҲ˵׼顣
һֵͷ뿴ǸͷȥԺ󵽵ܻܲ᲻ᱻͻȻֵĸְһɸأ
в˶ͷˡƵ뷨һ߹ȥġ
ͿͷֺһھƣΧûκˣҼڶ
ͷԼľӣӺȻڿշȥ
һ¾䵽ͤ룬ͷ˿ȥݵģȴˡ
ڿеӣһֻƮƮģû˿ĺһʹǲṦˣģҲ֪Ṧһ
ϡ·΢΢̾˿
ؤһλϣʮֵĸǿ
ϧͻȻ־ˣ˵Ϳģʲô£ҲΪʲôҪȥΧȴûһֹԭΪ˭֪Ӳѣ·Ҳ֪Ϊʲô
λȥ֮˶ڹ۲ķӦϣܴķӦпͤ澿ʲô
˭֪ķӦΪŹ֡
ͤӵһ˲䣬ϵһãţ¾۽ˣĿͤӶ
Ҷڿϣͷ˵һǰȻͷķӦѾ˵ˡ
ûкʲôҲûеͷߣǾĿĳһһʲôģ񲻿ܾ۽
ãڴҶŵ׳ʲô飬ΧɧʱϺȻݺݵһ´ȣֻ˵һ֣ã

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ͷ˵áǻ, ˵ˡá֮ըһ
·ʢľͲ˵ˣԭûʲôĵ仰󶼲ĳǱ
Ҳ̧ͷͤӡ
Ƿͷͤź«һھ, ˻, ˵˾, ؼȻʧԭء
ι, ȵȣ浽ʲô㻹û˵أ
溰, ȻֻĿ˾ôһȥҲûͷ
òиʲôģǸ, ӹȻ˭ܲס, мʮ˺˼ͷҲأ˵߾ߡ
һʱ䣬ͷѾʧֻº漸ʮĸӱˡ
·ŵĵط˵ʲô
Ҳ֪ʲôС˵Ҿ֪һҪˡ
㿴, һΣ, ʹŻƽߡ·ȥô¡
ԾԾԵ·ϵĴŻƽһ£ΧԭںȲȺ, ĵԶͤֻԶԶĹš
ǻ߹ʱѾ˰಻סȥ˵ĽŲʮֵһ
СĳǱ˹ȥ
˵߶ˣ洫Ǹȴһֱûͷ
ȻҪվովǸطʱ򣬺Ȼиɵһķ˹
ǰѵֵ̫ͻȻ
һƯĻȺһ̽Ĳһ顣
һȥΧ˶ü˶ˡ
ԭ滹ڰ壬Ȳһȫ˼žͤӽɲĶͤ
˵ǺȻ䶼ͣˣĿ
ǸȥСһˣƺҲͣ˼룬һֻԼĲӣǰССķɵ
ȻȷʲôһİַȻϢĵȥ
ĿȥģȥʱһֻͤӵıԵ
ڰ˼֮󣬺Ȼ͵رһͼ
ô£
˭ˣ
Ǹôˣ
طĿɲֹЩĽˣԭŵģʲô֪ͨˡ
һʱ䣬Χ鶼ˡ
ȵȣ𡭡·͵۾˻ᣬȻķȥ֡
Ķ߼˲˼Уģֵģָ
ոջԵ÷ǳƽСͤ£ȻͱһƬӡ
ŵһ˲ˣվǱߣȫɵۣ֪ʲô
ǻܣԭƻбͲʲôҪעĵԭƻֻѲһ죬ͻطˣϾסĶһЩ书̫ߵˣҪעĻô
ĵģ״ĵһӦȥ֪ͨ⸽ͬ¡
ȻҪʱһֲŮǵĶʵţ򡭡Ҳȷǣܻܲ߳ȥ
Լͬһ飬̧ͷʼ˵˭
ȴ֣Χ˺ûһ˿˿ڣÿһ˶ںڵ¶ǡ
ǵסˣ˷ֲ˭䲻Ŀȥÿ˶һӡ
Ψһ˼ǵõģֻЩ״ͬȴͬ
·Լͷתͷ˸ղŻ̸Ĵүߡ
үղŻ·һȲأẦµ۾ɴˣ·Ŵүı飬ͷţҲʲôˡ
㲻ǻˣǣ˭үֵ˵
Ҹǲһġ·Ǳߵˣ߾ȫİү𼤶
үòƾ·˵Ļڷƨ·Լп˵ʵԼԼڷƨ
̧ͷһ档
ʵղҲһûбֳѡ
Ҳûϵ˾Ȼǰ֡
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Χô࣬ʹ˸ճ֣Ҳܿͻû
ʱ˿̣վһߣ۲ΧΣҪ⵽ôһ¡
˵ʵͤˣҸо˸ûһûȺ˾Ȼ˵ھֻȥ
û뵽ȻΪֱŪһ
㶼ЩϵģͬʱҲڽ֪һЩ仯
ԭΪڵʽȶȴȻ־Ʋ֪оȻŵ̶ֳˡ
ȺΪһŵĶͱ˴˷زʵľ
ܾþƽеӦһЩ֪ƶ
صĳ̶Ҳûе¿ȺԼҪʧˡ
һʼֻǾǸŶҵ˶ĳЩߣ뿪һССЦͷúõĳһ½²ʱȻԱ˵顣
ղͻȻŲӳҲǹģֻһСЦѡһ˽ʱἰһЦ
˭֪ȻеҪնĶ࣬鵽ֵزˣҲΥĵ˵¸Լ޹ϵ
ֻԼ㲻Щ˵ô¡
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ֿǱѾˣȻҲһԾȥ
ôһ˲˵ע⡣
ղŻһֱû죬кܶǱʶѾԱվŵֶ˲ӵֵˣͻȻȥ˲˵Ŀ⡣
²û֮ǰǸһֱ˶ϣܴżⶼûаͤӣֻקסǸͤӱԵˣһ
ղŻ¶Ųӵģȷͦ𺳵ģʹôһʼӡҲǳأקôһֿò˶Ŀת̽
Ͼ˿ô֣һֻ˿û湦ġ
±Ǹ䵽˵ϣɾ䣬ʱ΢΢ת˰Ȧһֻ鶯èһɵļ˿
ִǸ˵Ķϣϸĸоһ£ãȻİַ
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ΪֵǣղЩͤ˿һҪһֵĸʲôһǻ¶Ÿ˽ˣЩȻ۾һֱڿȴǳİĳ档
Щ˾ĵĸճһСطȻְĿ
ΪڸոնѾһ˵»ȥҲֻΪ˰ǸʬΪЩ˶Ի²ôһ˿˿塣
ǵУ˵ϿҲɢŸЩԲͬϢ
°ĸǵлȻǸѾ˵Ĭ
Աߵ˿ŻµӣСذο뿪㣬Ҳܸ
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תͷһЩˣǴ󲿷ڹ۲һ֮󣬰ͷתȥˡ
ȻͻȻ˵ע⣬ǼȻûͤӶôôŵʱҲѡ˷һ
ǸˡӿҲͦõģʱûʲôȥ鷳ǸС˵ˡ˭ûи֮ģ
ԭǱ߶˲ӵһȤҲûеİͻľǸ˿ͦ˳ۣȻ˿ֵֹģ֡ȣ̫Ǹ˵Ϣպ˵һ
ĻԱߵһүˣǸүղžһֱ۾Ż£˰죬źȻ۾Һ֪Ǹ˭ˣǲһ
ʶ˲תͷһʡ
λҲˡүߵһӦþǱˣҲ֪ʲôֻ֪Ҷҹд

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ҹдǱһ, ͺȻԼ߶˲ˡһ£˵ô£
ߵЩ˵ЩˣǻǳͬģүȲү
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Χô, Ҳˣô£ôͻȻôˣ
ңͦ˶ϳˡүǶһ, һʲôҲиӻɡ
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ôˣүתͷ, һҹдģÿ˶ʶ, ǹƥĶߵ̰أ
, һҹдǵǹƥ̰ٵģڻƽעص㲻˼, ԼȻ޻˵
ָоžǡĶԸڰ˵Һ١΢΢һЩľͷȻԴǵ§Һ˵ǰѵһֹţľͷˡ
һ˲䣬ƽȻʶ֮˴˵˼·ǽȻͬģһԹߵ̬˵Щ˶Իӵ̬˵
ȻҪ֤һҹдڳЩûκοɱԣϸ׵ģǰֹ
ҹдڽһ㶼˭֪ҹд˭Сطıܳʲôƽקȥʱڷ²ۡ
ԣ֪֪Żƽ˵ʵҲôģǶһ²һ𡣡
·ղŻҪȥ˼Ѿͣˡû˳ȥĵһˡ
ʱȥģӦöǶԼַǳģҵҲܴˡ
ղ·ͰŵĴߵ˴ʱͬʱʱԱв˶һȻͬʱһˡ
˶ڶˣ۲ǾҪʲôʱ֣ʱͻȻʲôĿġ·ԼߵҲЩսľĸоϾ˹Ӷλ̫ˣ׸Ⱥͨһѹȡ
Ĺ۲һ˭Լ³˵ݡˡ¥İɣ
µļȫû˵ļ䣬ʵǺɫû˼һᡣ
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ﰵ˸Ȼ֪ӷһȫһ˿ôӦеӡŶԡ
ȻûӡĶʵƫߵģ˵¥ڲЩ仯Ѿǳ޴ˣ޴󵽻¶һ֡
֮ǳΧɨһȦǵǳį}ˣһֶصɱֲеУһЩ̬õ˱ϣ᲻İͷתȥ
ΧһȦ󣬲ͤߣôһȦ˶֪ǵˣʹҪ֣ҲúúõĿǼ롣
Űͷת˹ȥ۲ǸͤӡǵҲڰĲ²澿ʲôոϵߣǸӦͤӿĵĵطƽӵģпܾͤǸⶥ
ΧһȺ֮ǰڻ㲻̫״ҲСĹ۲ˣ¿Լǰһүƺ뿪˵ʲôһӸȥˡ
ͷɲʲôȺע⵽
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ʱǻڻģ౳ű
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ڿһʱ˶һɱ˲úǰѷɵķ˹ȥ
˶û뵽ոճֵǸ˾Ȼô󵨣ʱȻѡ˵ڶγ֣һ־ѡ
ֻɱֵʵȵһȥҪܶ࣬ɵֵĵһʱͷˡ
ѷɵеһõˣһѵ䵽˵ϡһѲ嵽Уεض档
˵Ŀ˲ּеһط
Ǹոɵɹĵط
ѵǴһȺ߷ɹģȻǽǶȣյиɻ򲻿ܴôˣǴӷ϶֮гֵġ
·Ҳſ˹ȥȻǲٴүĵطŵļȫǴһʼŵˡ
棬ȫµģﻹǺԵĳ֣군ˡ
ղǾ߿ȽϰȫԲŴŻƽ˭֪Ȼעĵط
طүˣȴһ㶼ûпǷɵôˡ
֪ģֵľ͸һ᲻һ̾ǲԻһĹ򣬾ô
ᣬֻӭᡣ
µǰҲһҲųǱ߿˹ȥȺ֮ɨһ۾˭ʵʵ˵ղһΪǶȵ⣬Ҳûô塣
һﶼ˭ŻǺɵģ¼ûôľҵòİͻƽ²һּȺҡ
۾ɨһ飬ܸоʲôطֵֹģһʱ˵һֺĸоֵĸоֿһ飬ȻȻֹŹָоԴ
۾øһ˫Ǵɫģûʲô۰׵۾ϡ
۾ĽСղžͲһߺܶ˵ı󣬼¿˹գգ۾Ȼ¶һЦ
ȥ䲻ԺһŵǸֵСŮôˣ
ȵȣȻˣġ硱
µ۾Ⱥ֮ţԣһҲȥˣΪ˫ڵ۾һֱضû취
ĵУӦǱ˰ɡȻûа취ΪʲôһֱıˣҲϡ棬ϾıӿʮȮ
ű⻹Զľ붼һҳµҲûй
·ѰңǱߵɱȻ˷ɵǲòͤӶļƻһߵˣһ¶ʮ̵ֲЦ⡣
Ǳ˵ո˭ֵģ򡭡Һҵֵֻһְҳˡ
һ㣬֣·ǱߣֲõԤС
Ԥڼ֮ʵ
ֻһ˵˻ָŲһ䣬ôҳ˵㡭ֻҪȫɱˣȻҲͳ˰ɣ
ʲô

·ҪȥˣȴȻ˵˵һ䣬һλˣ˭Ǹ赲ǣ˭¥ĵˡ

Ц

ڳʵ඼Ѿ³¥, ô˵ʱ, ǳһ
Ϊʲô, Ϊ˭һ㶼¥ķ˵¥Ҵҵ, ǻϰںڰ֮ߡ
ʱ򶼳һΪԼˡ
һᣬ˾ȻΧķӦ޶, ֪һǸʲôһûְ¥û¥쵼, ĪѾȫɵˡ
, ̫ӵ˰»˻ͷ, ʼ˵Ŀġ
Ȱ˲¥˵ų, λ˼һ£˵վڶԷĽǶȣܷųĺݻǽ˵һ¡Ǹڱصá
һҪƴҪҪôһ˵ϱӵ״Ҳûɹ¥ĴҪ飬ǻڵ·ڵۣ֬ڵĻɽ͡
ȿȡ
ѵʲôصСͤĶ滻ϡ䱦ԼƵĿͤһۡ
Ҫһֱ߶ţ֮ǰûпȥ, Ҫɺ赾Ǹˡ
ɱվܼᶨ˿Լո˵Ļʲôֵģֻһ˼Ŀߣʱ׼ɱ䡣
Ǳվŵ˻ʼʹˣ˼ȥڰ⣬˶ǲ书ġ
亹ˣСĴӿڴͳһССŵѣضЩˣԼһþֱӵggˡ
ҲأʱԱߺȻһĵקһ½ǡ
תͷһһɰСʣ㡭㲻ȥ𣿡
ңһ㶣Ϊʲô
ΪҹдС۾˵
һͷһξȻĳĪĸж
۳ⶼͷˣͷһξȻ˿Ǳʣʵûʵӯĸо
ʵǲ̫¶ģ׼ٺúõһ±飬ŵ˼ҺʱͿСŮ˴˻ȥ
ңĵ˼ҡСŮǸ˵
ȻľǴĴԴ󲿷ֻеǵģָоʲôء
ž֧ǳе֧ӣ԰ϵµģҪǺʲôţƵĶߵĻָסžѾˡ
·ҲڿЩˡǷˣɺȻһ£󿴿ҿ¥Ҳôˡ
ȻһĲ롣
˵˺ڳĸô࣬һϵĻҲδмܵס
ǰ¥ļӸ̧ĪҲڵ˻ȥ
仰˵ں£
·Լ̫ŹˣϾһı飬˭к
·ţɱ˸ƽȫľٶһǳĳĿġ
һɱ˵վµʱͻһˡ
һ
Χв˶һ¿ˮսľĿȺˡ
Աߵүͻƽ߿˹˭ɴأŵðҡͷƽֶ

·ָҲ΢һСָ֮С
书϶ûزҲòƴһѣʵҲ˵˷ܸУΪ֤һԼĲǲȷġ

ɱֵϲԼͬķһЦ
߿һˣеŵȫڷˣֻһеͨӣǸɻƱģÿϰɢֻ֣ǿ߱ȽƽûʲôǷǡ
ᶶöһˣʱܵѡһӵլУԶͤӣȺ⡣
ɱ
ҹдԣʮ㱬޲һʮͳȥɱְڵˡ
ʱȴȻһȺ֮д˳嶯嶯ֵܣңҳˣаɣ
ڳ˶Ŀ⳯˵˵ķ˹ȥֻ߳һˣЩɢ˿ûʲôӣͷġ
ȥЩý񱲻ʵĲ֣ǸǷϷˣһһ߶ɱֵҳˣʲôҲûãûСûʲôûС
Աߵİһ㶡
˰죬ܾһĪϤУȴҲ벻Īȴ˼ҹĸоʵ˱ơ
ԶҲһ㶡
ǿа˴֣һŨŨĲ²졣
ⲻǸ꿴һģھ
Ȼ˵ǸСŮǲܲġովȻ֣벻
ھӵĶסôʱ䣬¶ھӵӡֻСӣܿӣǳӡ
һ֣Ǽѷɵûе츳ӣɼˢӵġ
˳վЩ˵ǰ档ôһվоȻʶһЩ䳡Ϊ˶û뵽ôֵģһ㶼ںһ
㵹ͦġһɱЦ㲻𣿡
¡Ǹ˵ͷС˵һ䣬ʵڻͦ¼ѪģΪټѪ¾Ҫˡ
˵仰һ˲䣬ǰɱֺȻ䶯ˣһ˴۾һ˴С
˵Ͻ޼䣬κʱͬһˡ
ܸӦļûмˣ󲿷ֵʶͣ˵һ仰УǳеǸ˶ˡ
赭дĶɱֵĵȻǵ˵˵˱ټѪѪ֮һܺµġ
ԶԶĿţȺ֮еǸСŮСŮգ˫ںڵͫףŻһʹɫ˵ʲô˼Ҳȥ
ʲôĿģȻ˹ֵֹģν˵ĵ˾ѣڸ¥˶ԴԻѡǡ
Ǹ˴ͷβڶ㣬һûгֻǱܿ˶Էÿһι˫ֶڿڴ
²ΪʲôôʼղվԵֵ¥ĸ߲ɱֵģģ·硣
еһɱڽԼĵӲƤϳһ˿Ѫۡ
˻һǺܲͷЩģ¿׼һɱֵ١
ڶԷԽԽ߿£ʱȻһһ¾ͰλɱִסȻһѳ
һ̣ȫˡ

λɱһֱӦֵˣʱʱĻҪȥ۲һΧûҪ͵ϮΨûϵԼȻᱻ¸͵Ϯɹû뵽͵Ϯʽһ֡
ʵϣɱ֣Ҳǲϲģ֪ҪһĦֻᣬս˲ʹۿۡ
ǱߵĺͫСŮ˲ֿ˻
Ƕһ£Ǳߵˣô£ôȥģõĶʲôʽ
ԱߵĴү˲һʼİļ򣬺ҹд
ղĻ¼СҲر𼤶ȥ˵
ָоͺԼҳеðڴ͵ķʽƽŷӣȻ˲裬չɽ˺ŰȫǡԱɡûһ͵顭
ȵȣ·Ȼʲô͵̧ͷһ˶ڳͤ壬ûٵ飬˲ѾҲųȥ
ԭڸɱֶԴҲȻǣɴҹдһ˵λ׳˿ûĵһȣҲųȺ
ιûе԰Ͱôˣһ²ۣһ߰סɱֵѨ
ͤһƬңҪȥֱڣͤϷһ˵ͷ
ʲôǸӱ˰ɡǸ˵ʲôȫ²͸ôһ᲻ΪѡС
ּһôһҪʲô
һһԴëӺò׵ȥ֮ǰϿǸ򣬺Ȼһ㶡
һֽֽһ֦򵥵ĻûпήӦþԱߵ԰۵ġĻ֦Ӧģ˭Ҳ֪ڱȥʱʲô
ֽֽڳյһ
˵Ҳ֣ո˵ԴǾ䡰ҪʲôŸոתͿֽ
ָоʮͺдŵֽ֪˻ʲô뷨Ƶģǰ͡ġ˴𰸡
ֽСԲ㣬һİԲʮֵĳڹ˵ǾԹˡ
emojiȫ翿ĿɲǸ磬ľ˵ֵĳ󣬸˵emojiǸʷģֵʮְģǳҵemoji
һŴЦúɫıʻֽϣЦĸãƮ
ʵĪıͺһǶŴЦݿͤΧڻսŵˡ

Ǵ

˭ֶ, ڶûв𣿡
ºͽĬĬվһ׵˵ǰ, ѵŵֽ˦piapia, һҪ˵ˡ

죬ǳĪ־, ҲͬĪ
Ϊⳡ־ͣ, Ȼǽ
ͤǱڵ߰, Ȼסڻ¶ǸھӿֽϵĶվûܳɹİֽȡ, ҲΪһֽȡ̫Ѿ, ;ˡ
⣬ҲôӹصΧ, ɹİԼԴ̽˳ȥͤ濴һ, ЩҲûκһֽȡġ
ʵϣ˺̽ͷȥ˶Ѿŭˣǳ溰ϼˣʲôûУ
κûһ˵Ļ, Ǹ濴ɥʬΧǡ
վԱߣӲĹôһ˿˼֮顣
Щȥ˳˺ʲôûС֮Ҳûʲô˵ģΪʵԼﶼ̫ȷ⾿ǲһЦ
漰˵ĳЩ뷨ˣʵ˵»ͦõ, һۿȥ˭һЦ
ǶĳЩ̫ЩŰ˾ͻ룬ǸЦ˻ôЦ
ԼҪġ˸ộֻΪЦ
͵մ˭û˵ղı˿ڣ˭˵ǿʲôʲô֪ƴļ
ⳡ־ǱŴ˸ĽֹסġһȺٷˣվ·ǱߺԴǵ˵һ䣬ͣٸˣ
ȥͤӵһҲͼʮˣ˼˵ĴһƬΧˣʮ׳ۡ
ЩȻǿ˭ҲԸ£Ҳûȡʤһɢˡ
ֽ䵽˽ͻµĳλ˾
λҲ֪ʲôֵĴ

ֽŽ𣬡Ըɷ𣡵ܲУ˼ҴˣֶȻһоûУ
ͷ£ϴ̬ȷǳõӣһ߿ĵսľһὭһͷٰһťȻĳֳһѵİѶ˻ͷ
˻ֽķǳϾԼֳһֽ㻭һͼᱻ¼ڲᣬòƼҪӱ޵͵ǣȻһŴоʵһ̼ͦ¡
㣡ǸһӣرǵΣȥģҪСʱȥͨ籨ţΪ㻹ܻųҸ㣬СҪǳʲô²ӣɱͷģ
˲һͷ״
ҪuôһֱƲ㣬㿴ˣһƵϵιҿҲŴˣʰˡ
£𣿡ʱȻԺһߺһҡ
͵͵̧ͷͿǸ˲һϲĸоôϲµĵ
ʱֺһ£кĶ
ˣָһ档
ȥɣȥɡλһϽ˦˦֣ȻһèѸٵ˳ȥ
ֻʣ˽һˣɵͷ״ָоٲȻһ¿ˮ̵ӡ
ҲôŪʮ֮ڣһ˸ץҶ㲻Ǹ˿ŽһˣһӣȻŭˡ
ߵʱлקֽŵ˲ֻֽһֽͨԤƺ滹ҪֽһϵмʲôģⲻҪˮݡ
˳ȥȻͿһ˷ܵĶԻ˵ĽСˣ㿴ҹд֣
´ʱӹСоۣνĽСʵֻһҳСӣǱԼϹãػûλϣȻûд顣
̾һºʮŪ꣬԰οһ£û£Ұңʮأҵġ
׼ʱֱһ¥ˣû뵽һ̾һ˵ԽԽ˰ҸɰǶŪȥɡ
Աֵʣ˵ʲôһѳеСԼûʲô˵˵ѡ
µûнڻڿС˼ɵĿ۽ĥ˵⻰ʲô˼
һӲˣھȻҪϰˣ
û⻪µĴ²ĿеСȻʣⶫûˣҲҪһ

˻ۡ
𶯣ٶҩϲˡƽҩĶͷϣһţ·ʣ˵ӣʲôûп̫˵㡣
ӢεķɧؤҾȻݡ
һ죬һ߶Ű˵˭˵ûģҿˡ
Ļ˵꣬ƽͰͲԼֹͬͣ˶
˴֮˲˲䱬ըƽ˷ܵ˵㿴ˣ㿴ô˵һ㶼㰡
ˡ
·ԼӹҩĶžӸԼϣЦǶӦʮɣһվ˵Լʲôˣ
Զ׼пǶ˶ڶ
·ƹģǸصв̤¼ҷǲŽһ£·Լμӹôྪϲ̼ĳϣһξҵһΡ
ٴĻңû쿴ֽϵĶʱҡ
һ룬·ԼǸɵӣǸǳĶɵ
ҿ϶쿴ǶӦöһ飬ԽܶӶŽգûһ˴
ҹƶһˣһˡ
ǡ·˰죬̲ס̫޳ˣһҲˣҲؤİΪʲôҲҪң
Ķܿ𣿡ʡ
Ϊֹ²ʲôⲻиָĲ²⣬Ǹ˱ˣǸ˵ļˣǸһֻ֮ܶӦһʮֳϵĶ
ϾǸ˵Ի·͸ͨ˲һԼۿʲôú档
ȫ㲻Ǹ˵Ϊʲô·Ȼô˵ţȴǸʮЦĬĬĸֳǸ֪֮ķӦ
ҲֽϵһЦɣЦȺɵȫˣת
˵ӵԻ·˲·Ǽʶˡ
˵·ȻиֵͷԼؿڵһͲͲʱϵģΪĻʲôµ£ʱرΣյʱӻԾһ
·ƽʱϣΪ¶촿ɾվǸͤӱԵĵطоͲڻζĳƴҪȥ
Ǵ

ɱģ

¶յˡ
ȻҲûָ˻ܼ, ʵŶѾ˵Ļ, ׼ͨġ
˻ˢӵģܴڶĵطӳȥ, û֣ʵ´ʱٻԼܡϻʱ, Щϸھͺ˼ˡ
ô˵أֱڱ͵͵Ķŵĸо
Ҳʼȥ˵, ͦģֻҪŸĻٽˡ
ҵǸͤһҹ֮úպ˶, ΪĿһͤӵķ, ֺ֮ͤܿıˡ
ͤӵС·µأŵ˭ȥ
˵, ºͽʮʱҳǸˡˡ
߶еż, Ȼһ㶼ż, ú޲Ļ¾úûӡ
㡭΢е㼱ȸ, 𣿡ºȰŽ, Լر΢, ر𵭶һ֣, °
һѾڣ±һֱԴĮĵģΪȽϺ潭ϹæЩʲôԵ, ͵͵ĿһۣȻͿľȻдһд֣Ǳ¥ļƻһнеĶܲΨһǣ֪ܲװ硭
£
˰

λ˾ûбϣȫûһֿʼ׼Ū¥ˡ
ἸͿҪˣ찴չаӦû׼ʱڸ󽭺»ͦģˮƽŶ
һǺģŵڶĻ¿ܾҪӭаʺˡ
ʵĹϢ֮һʱ֪ǸɵţǶĳϰ壬ݻ¶С
׼ҸĳúõĶţϢһܼʱյ
£ܲڰϰߵʱȻ̧ͷ˵
ң¶ʱЦˣ˵ڰϣ̫ܰɡһڰϵġ
ô϶㾪ȵʣûȻô
Ȼ
ϱӽڰϣ»ǵʫǡƻҳϣǺһˮ롱ʱҶȷǲǽ˺췭ظģǺ״иҴƱ˵ľǽǽ
ϱʫǡӰ춹˼֪֪ĳ˵״еķģ¾֬дٸ춹ӣһɷۡ
ۣ֬ʮֿǰνײôõȶȻԼĶʵϧˡ
Щ˵ϧӦûǸˣҪȻһͦ뿴ҵֳǸһʲôо
ĬĬĿһۣϾйˡ
ˣǰôдʫ
̹ü
ûĻһ£͵ˣԾͰͷת˻Ǳ˵˰죬ȻһĻµļҵϣȫˣţгһտ϶µģ
ϸ˵ҪǸˣһһİˣϾ룬Χ˶ǸСʱһݸ߹Ů˼Ųɵ˵պһΪǶһ°
ֻϧǸҲһۿ͸ôΪľУֻΪڽĸʵǲࡣ
»ежġ
ʵʵ˵лл㡭ԺҪĳ𽭺Ĵˣһġ
û仰fgζ޻ģĬĬתͷȥԼ¥ǰɱС㲻Ǹǳаĵ顣
˵أºȻˣһתͷպú·˸ӣ·һļʮ˷ܵ˵Ҿ֪أ
һССͲͲ΢΢Ĳš
¿·ȵġһֿԱ߸Ļƽ
·ϹһʮǷЦݣЦݻ¶ݲһʲôĸо֮ܶţһȭˡ
Ż˵м˵
վֱӡ
µĴһ·ƺƽʱһѾ΢΢һЩˣֻ·
ҲĿߣƽ˸ۣ·ҹΪ¡
㲻·Ī˵Ⱥͻͷ꣬˵ɡ
˵ţһתĳ˹ȥҲ΢ĳһ󣬸ȥ
㿴ŻƽƽżһĿȥ·ǳͷģСĴ˹ȥʣл¹ȥҪʲô
ƽҲݣҲû·һ۾ϳԷϴʲôԿʱģһԺһͷܸЩص飬ȥͷǵ÷ˡ
İɣµԸɺˣ𡣡
Ĵû𣿡ƽ˵Ȥʣʵһֱ֪ͷʲôݰϵͦõİɣ֪𣿡
ͷû˵¿ھְȻЩɻ󣬲룬ÿǻ¶αװݣϾžαװʲô˶ϡġ
ȻЩССԺЩʲôݶˣ֪һ¶һ޶ݣǰĻƽ֪ġ
ûУûУǸͨ˶ѣʲôرݡô˵ţѾʮְ಻סˣдˡҰҰ֪ݵľܡ
ƽӣʵĳĬ룬ڵ飬δؾûиղŻ¿·ʱ˵顣
ܿһԵı׷ʣʲôʲôҰ

ͷ㻹ǵ𣿡·ڻµǰ˻ǸССͲӡ
ֻһͲӣϳʶôˣ
·ϵЦݸӵļˣȻĪıȥװһ˵Ѿ֪ܣȰ㻹Ǿ˵ɣѣ⽭֮УȻҲֵʲôܸ֮Щһġ
ϲ̵͵֡
û뵽û뵽
ͷȻǸ˵еҹдȿȣ˵ֵʱеЦ¾ԹЦͷһӵģΪҹдôӵĳƺţʵ¿ûһϵȻͬһˡ
׼ȻһᴹͷɥĳԼҹдº󣬾ʹȥƽͰЦһͨ˳ʰҹдаڼˡ

ȻûпĵطޱĿﰵĳһѴ󵶡




·ûиоΣ, ˵¶ɱһѿصĺܺ, ˿оΣա
ﱳŻ, һʵ˰ɡӣһ
֪ʲô
ȿȣ׼·͵֣û뵽¾Ȼô棬˼װϡ˵ԸʱҲʵ
ֺ˵һֱҪ͵͵ȥЩ, ܲװɣ
š
ʵ˵Ҳǹ, ⴿżȻ֪һϣ֪, , Щܸø˵, 㡭Ӹʲô·תͷ, ĿŻ¡
µ˵ҿǱƥ׼˸ϡ
ţ·תͷ˿, Ŀģ
õĻ̫ױˣѪ̫, ӱȽʡŴŪĲ𣬿ɼһĿԵģҲܷ㡭ĬĬĶ·ĺ, еӡ
Ҫʵڲ˵ǾȲ˵ɡ·ʵڣȻһ˿֮ͬģ׼ʻ˭ˣΪıģ˷£ҲһţҲ˵ġ
ϣ˵һ˵ģΪĺܺ档û취ʳʲôˣҲһҪ͵͵ġЦһᣬҪȥƽ˵¡
ԭҪˣ·ôһ䣬üëͻȻа·֪Ǹһ
·תһرȵ˵𡭡ҾͲЦˣҲǵģû³ȥʲô
ΪʲôҪЦʲôñЦ
һѧ⣬ѵԼǻһױЦ
Ҿðɣ棬´·˵һʱͺȻһˣи˹ǵʲô
º·ͬʱ˹ȥ·˵ʱһͣǽ
һֺѵĸоϾһ˳е·еӰ
·üʣôⰡ
·ĪЩĻҭһ£ô˵ҲǫǫӣȻôɼһĳ̶ˡ
뷴һ½ֺ½᲻֪ʲôʱͷˡ
¿һ۽ôʲôˣʱҲû·ʲôֻǻͷ˵һ䣬Ȼ֪˾ͲҪ˵ˣǳ¶ˡ
ʲô¶ˣ·׷һ䣬Щ͵˵ȵȣ׼ߣ׼ȥʲô𣿡
޹ء˵һ䣬קŻ½ŲҴҵˣ·ں濴ĵսľ֪ҪȥֻҪˣľ
Ȼոճ˻һ󣬵ǲϣʲôµģ·Ǹ˫񾭲ݱҲԣ·ΨһһӴˡ
תͷֵĿһۣ·ǹֵֹİ߶Ѿ֪ġʵݡˣһ㺦µĸоҲûУѵ˵Ȼһ
²ò˵·ͦǿģʵϽ¶ˡ
ܼζôˣµԼ룬Ž˳ȥһǰһݶ
·ں棬ȴַֻܿŻ¸Զˡ
Ҫ˵ʲôܣƽ㿴ͷɥ·ʱʵ·ͷǸ̫ҪˣҸһ¡
ʲô£
ʱٸ˵ȥȥ·˵žʹʧˡ

¸ڽţý콭һЩЩ̫æˣǳƽӡ
ŻһССȻӸһ·컻һҪС·ߣסˡ
¿СӾһ£ƱŶ֪ģϱӹ·һɫ·Ӿͷͬһ㣬ϺǺܹ
Щֽ״ĸ·͵͵Ŀһ۸ղŽȡ·¹񣬾ǡÿһƵ·ѻ¶ˡ
Щ·Ҫɲһ飬Ǵʲôʱ׼İ
קһǶװȫòϵĿʽ
һ͵͵ĳȥһۣҪǷˣǾͼװǰʧˡһϴ·һʲôƵģװɵܻɣʱ˼ʲôװɵӡ
ĬĬ˵˵ʧھӵĻֻ˵ǸŮȻ۾˵㣬ɵӡ
ɵɵ˵ڻµﴧһССģӲӲĶҪھͱóˡ
ôأòǱŵİɡ¿ԼӲӲСֽĵͷȥ׼Ȳ˵
һרĵĲһʶķɢ˼ά¹·װУҲ׼˲ֹһʱˣôʱ䶼û˷֣ƤӵģͼС
·ԼһִŰ̾˵ЩģȻڰġ¡˵ĻӦòϾǸʵˡ
һѴʱ˿̵ĽϱӵĻ¾ͷֽţơ
һ˼ɲ⣬ŶҸС
ڰֽ𿪣һźɫģССӣӷʵĹ⣬
¿Щ㶣תͷʽ⵽ô£ͺȻܽﻹһӡ
ʲô
ҿǱ߼еΣ׼ϣʡĵˡ

͵˺һһġ֡ı飬ָŽߣɱڣΪҿҪʲô۸ʵ˰ǲǣ
ˣˣⶼҪߡİڴһȻŻǰߡ
ܿ˳һС·棬·ֽׯС·С·٣ͽǷǳйͬԡ
ͦϵǿӣǳָУƷīȷ¥ǿӾԼϣҪˡ
ѪⶫҺˣֱŸȷʵҪɵһ¡
ôȥ𣿡ºʣô͵͵ĳϿʲôû
֪ǵȥȽ㶫ߡǳĴŻ³һ·ȥ
·ԽԽ죬쵽üͷˣմŻ½һ֬۵ڣڵܻ𱬣˺ܶࡣ
˿ûںڵڵЩСǣ󷽷ĴŻŰֺƹǰ׼һһһѳ׼Եġ
λˣƹ䲻ĽЩ¡
ߵĻ£ʹ˸ɫ°һĬĬģǳԸĴӿڴͳһʵ˹̨ϡ
ƹĿǸһ㶣Ȼϵλ

ù

, ζĿż򣬻ޱĶ棬һ, Ҳš
ŵһеŵ, ֮һ, ̫װζѾȥ, Զһ, ݻ䡣
սĻ, ǺôҲǳȥװxģôܾôͨͨȥһҪʰر䣬ҪЩһ۾;رġ桱
¶ԴһЩ˸ۣ²˻һ, Ϊ¥֮һڸСƵطѧͽأ˼ôû롣
һ仰Ӳѻ±ﵽˡ
ŵȫһ, ȻһֱڰʱĻ޼磬оŻûлǸΧġ
Ͼв١ϷǴӻأԻĶ϶ҪŸһġ
ڳ, ʲô
Ű׼, ȻȥϷ
ŵ˰׼ˣɴԴͷжԼһŪģŪȷʵЩҪ, ҺʵĶࡣ
רҵô˵
м׬
Żһ·ĳɽ˹ȥߵһˣǲ֪ҪȥģǾʣǵȥʲôطȸ˵һ
֮ǰ¥˸һǺҵ˵üĿҹ
ͣ⴦ɽƽ̹ĵطǰĵضǹȥˡ
ɵĸŽ˿ΧҲͳһССܣܵģ¸졣
ѽǡ¿Ͳʵһ£ⶫ
Щ˸ضȻҪĶȫᵽȥˡ˵֮ǰһֱҲЩˣΪСӵر˳ŷҵǲ
¿һӣڿ֮滺һֻӣӵӿ·ֻЩͬӦòһƷֵģͷҲһȦ
һ㡣еŵ˵ӷٶȺܿ죬Сһ͸ˡ
ӵıַŽɫӲǣеĳּ׳ķŴ档
¿ӵʱһȻӸ·ֲһӦûúõ·ɣ·ֻͬĶ
ڻôʱֻڹӿԳĬ˼룬Ȼֻǰ֪̽̽Ϊλ¾ȻĶ֮иеһ˿ã
ֻ̽һ֮ſ˫򣬶ķ
ºͽ۾ĬĬĸֻСߣԽԽԽԽ
ҪȥİʣôطأѵҴ˵ط
˵꣬ͿطɵСžһӣ˻µĶ治ˡ
һʱ䣬涼ǳļž
ĬĬԼ֣ѳקȻ֡
ֻسӾͷǳļᶨˣڽֵһ˲䣬ʯһ֡ž˻µĶϡ
ٶȷǳ֮죬о仰û˵ӿʱ۾Ŀ̫
º½̫Σرĵһ䣬ѽ㿴ͦ졭Ƶġ

۸磬ǰǸʲôİ
һһߺһߵİۣ۳Աߣһ˵ɱģɱʮ
ĬĬĿһ۰ܸɲС壬еĽͣ
Ҫ룬ҪϹֵĶæҵģɩͷ˵ĳȫһ
￴һۣתͷŵ˵˼ԶٷɣĻܹСҲͦġ
µ˿еĹӵҪ˵νСطƵˣʲôɫ㻹ƫƫǰڽĸĽɫŴ⵱ƣĳͷġ
ȡԱߵһɤӣ˲û
ȫװûӣСһ˼ҽԷòˡ
С
ȥͱƤЦⲻЦȥˡ
ţһҧгݵ˵ţһ˳ȥ
ۻſڽӽأʵ˵츳ľ͵ʱûô
ڰۻǿž۸һģһڸ۵Ľаˡ
ߺߡŸСľӣرŵģһξĵͷԼеĽƺʲô
һᣬ˵۸磬ǰɱʱõҲǸղһ𣿡
аɡ۴ӱԸͱȽϴָͷСһòϣһУҲҡ
˵꣬ͺȻתͷȻͿһ࿡ʣڿ
еվǳƣ͸ͨͨСͬǱһѺýѽõڿĵһܺ֡
üĿ˿Դһֳҵʣϲŭ
Īһ룬ԼıӣʶǶҽˣȻ˵ָɻǾԲŵģһǴġ
ҽֵͦģôСطҽȴ࿪ڴĴҪߣһСôĽʵڲһͨҽݡ
ԼľĽӦþǰ˽ģ˰һĬΪǳΣաһֱ档
ãѣһڸ˼СŮɱ顣
Ըʲôɡ
ôţܾϣǳãɫһ˾ȻͿر˵һٲóԷ
ǳãǰ۾Ȼﷺһ˿Ұĵĸо
ָоǰչİ
˲Ц⣬ʮϣֿеĶ˵лллл͹ȥ鷳ˡ
ԭʮᰢ۵ġȻҲԵ޹ģϸ˵ֻҪûܸϼ䣬Ļе˧еᣬڰۡ
ʱ˿̣ͷһһŨŨĹС
һû뵽ʱģֻͣԼ첲ļƤ
ôˣ
ҸоЩһѾǸСӺԴв˵̫ã̫ˡ
ҿŲء˸ۣϽɹҩģȥˡ
УȥɡȻͷһ˻ĵСƺҪƽϢԼġ
ºͽվãģһǡ
Ǹ벻ľ氡ҧгݵ˵ĸùĸŪġ

ѷ

ºͽĵ˰, ֻӻذڻµϲ
¶е㲻˼ˣֻǻ˺ܴŪģŪӣʵЩԲ
, Ѿˣ·һֻӣڻµ, ͲӶӵһߡ
ô죿, ӡûʲôð
վһ, ͷƺ˼ʲô, ¿ͻȻ̧ͷµĴһ, Щëëģʣ
ָ, á
仰ܾùֵֹģܾýڼƻʲôǳĶһǻǰ˳ȥ
ڻµ쵽ǰʱ, Ȼóһѵ, Ѹٵڻµһӡ
¿ԼãȻķһ̾ʡ
ɲĵطͷ·һ
ȥһ˲, ¾ͿѪһ磬˳
ȷӦ֮ˡ
ֻſڻ¶ϵĳһӵת˷, ᶨƵĳŻµ˹ȥ
˵תͷקŻ¾ͿʼһƬɽͷصܡ
µҪȥİˣҵֻѪ
ϽܼطȻһ˿ڶˡǳ˵
ɶΪʲôԼأº
˵֪ȷʵˣǱԼ»Ǿʮֲˬġ
ԼϵǸ׳棬ۿŶҪ˿ڴˣʮֲˬְذ
Ż´Ӷͷܵͷܵĳطʱ򣬺Ȼͣ
ҲһɲͣһʼΪʲôͻȻͣΪͻȻˡ
ǺһᣬºȻ˽Ϊʲôͣ¡
Ķߴһֵ͸СƵģ֡ɳɳϸһǸҪܼһ㡣
ĬĬĵͷѰԴ˽¡
Ҳһ˽¡

۹Էʱʮֵʵ룬ֻͼԼǰĲˣĲ˶Ҷදġ
ղŶģῴ۶
ˣֵǸԵС
Ǹأ۳Եһʱʡ
Ŷںء
ʵǲðе֣һţ˸ȥˡ
֮󷴵Ҳһ
˲ʲô˼
Ǹһ棬Ҫ
۶ĵһӡǷǳߵģĿǰΪֹǸʵںҺˡ۾Լ͸
˵ԷʱѡܿĲ۾Ϳ͸
Ҳڰ۵ǰԷԷں֣һһڵģ֮ؾصķ¡
۵һ˲ҲŷЩֵʣԱ𣿡
Աˡ۵Ǹˣʱٽ
˵˳ȥ˶ûסð۽ֵֹģƽʱҪżܶӣͺ񡭡ͺڶʲôˡ
ں˭
üͷתתͷʼʲô
̾˿̫ˣһѵ꣬ͳȥ䡣
ûȥʱ򣬾ͺȻվſŽĿ
ۿʱ򣬳Ĭ˼룬˵Ҫ𣿡
㡣
Ϊʲôأ
ȥɢɢġ
ſڵһϣЩĺ֣û¾;ȥҲ֪Щʲôóʱ֮󣬲˵ȥݾ˵ȥɢġ
˭Ҳô˵𣿡ۺʡ
Ҹ硣
һ˿ֵĸоԼıӵܡҲֻ°ɣЩ鲻֪ѡ
ǡ˵ֱ˻ȥ˹áСƨǲԸ飬һ㶼еģСؾͲҪʣ֪ͺá
Ҫʲô
ԣҪʲô
־ĿŰۣ۾СƨͦѲһԼ͵ʱȻˣʱҲǸϡŹ뷨С
ֻ¥ûôռҸʳЩ߰⡣
ôһ·߰Ļˡ
ûм˵ֻĪ̾˿Ȼ׼ǰߣճûںʣҪȥɢ𣿡
ǰȻء
ۿԼ˵һɫѪܣѪܵɫѪҪӵһЩ
Ƕȿ̫ڸʲôһֱǿԼҪЩκβסЩƵġѡѡӶԵĵز
˵ҲֻǸС۶СӣķȶһЩ˵ҪһЩ
һʵɢǸܲ飬ûµʱɢɢҲϾҲʱضлȥߵġ
ôû᣿ֵʡ
ʱ԰û̫ĻҲֻҪԺɢľͿȥɢĵġ
ҿܿҪˡ۵ĵ
֪ΪʲôͻȻ˵Щһȱ˵ȥɢɢľͺá
˵ҿܿҪˣСƨ

ʮͷһ˹СƨȻСҲʲôԹԵĺӣһ£ôӦöֱһſµġ
ܺǣʵûж
ǵûж
˵仰һЩڣղȫΪؿһԲ˵ģתͷһ֪ӦǱŵˡ
һŻҾͿЦҾϹ˵ģ㿴壬Ҫ˰
˵仰Ȼﲻ̫ԣֵĸоð
Ȼ첻˵ˣֵʣ㣬ôˣ
꣬Ϳǰİ۱ȻŤһ£Ťѹʲôһ
Ȼ˶̶̼룬͵³һѪ
ۿǰĵϱһƬɫһ㶡
ѪɫҲֵģ³Ѫɫرĺ졭ҺҺɫ
һᣬϵŰ۾Ҫٲ壬ۻ˻ֹ
ѵ˵ˣŪû˵ĵطȥ
ɵˣȫ֪ôִֻֻŵİѰٲϡ
𶯣ⲡβˡЦһ£˵ȰҰŪɾ

ºͽ˲Сʱˣһıǵùʹû˳ĵʱ򡣡
˵ô𣿡Ҳ˵֮ǰҲû˵װ
ڶ˱˴˦ʱ򣬽Ȼһڿˣһ¡
ºͽͿϵĳطʼݣģǽŵ³һѷ졣
ѷԽԽ˲෽Բڣ¿۽òڵ϶һ£˲Ͷ̮ȥ
ȥһ˲䡭ºͽӭһȺʧˡ
һɺ¸ؽһһʮŵζ
ġɳɳһӱޱˡ
һȺӵĳۼһȶʱ



ص³˳ӣкܶˡ
ϴ·̫ƽʱֿܼʽ, ĳַԭĿʽ
Щڻºͽ֮ǰڲ̽ӵ, ϾһѳӺȻ俪ʼĳ, ô˵Ҳǲġ
Ȼ, ￴˰ҲûʲôеֶҲ, û취ȺӰ
˼ǲӦٽб˹ʱ򡭡ͻȻˡ
kuaһ, Īġ
ô, ͷһ, ʱȺ˶ɵˣȻĿŻºͽһ
¿ۿӣӿʲôֵСչһŸָС, Ǵɵĺľʵġ
żܿô͸, ЩӶ߸ߵİһĵط
ȻΪǰڵĸ, ǵһܵģݶʱɢʯһеľЩӡ
ʮֵĴһ¶֣ڶ˺ܶƬ
ۿһӱҵķ, ĳȻ, ¹ӦҲggˡ
Щ˿Ҳǻܶ书ӣ˱ͷҴ⣬ûһŻºͽġ
ºͽŪôĶ, һͲһˣڷһһд˳
طкܶͨġ·װ޵Ĳرã֮ǰͽ¥ĳӪ￴ĵβ˲֪ٸ
ġͨŶûУºͽôһƻɴһ˶ƴĳűͨ
ºͽվĿЩ˼Щ̤¹ʣ˵ϷС
һ䵽ϵĹӣ˻ΣһֻССĳӷ˳ȻҲ֮ǰĳһſ˻µĸ첲ϡ
˼»һȦӣ֮ǰ·˵ʲôţӡһֻʮ
һӡжǮأ
һ뵽Ȼſڻ¸첲ϵĳеӦ¿ǣǲ֪¶˴ȰЦݡ
䲻һתͷµʱһ˵ʲô飿²Ŷ˶񣬻ָ
ΪǴ˴εص㣬æʼռϵСӣû뵽һƴߣҪȥһطһĿĲΪЩ
е΢㶣Ϳתͷһͨ˹ȥ˳ƿжڴˡ
ȵȣ㲻𣿡еɵۣЩӿͺܱӣüֻȥҲð
áĪЩ䣬ЩӶǹƳ棬һֻҪ˼ʮ˵ȻһĿĲɱ˵ģǺαȥأ
һֻҪʮ˵±⻰صĺ循üë
һ߸ܣһɻ󡣼ȻЩӶҪõĶʲôأ

⸽˺üطһССĲ񷿡
ѰϵԼСĨˮֻȥˣ׼ĺۼ
۰뿿Ųѣ۾ЪϢһԼ΢Щ٣һֱĺ
Щɻ˵ʱӵ
֪֮ǰҲûо鰡
ֿһԼߣɫģûӻ߱ڵƣǵ֮ǰǰҲԹ˵ⶾʱϵѪܻһ˲ɫġ
ֵ飬ԼѪܣңǿѪҲûʲôı仯
Żŵİˮ裬ʼŪĵ棬Ĳʯͷģô˵ҲܰѪɾģ˵һʱ䣬ѪЩɺˡ
ʱſںȻһ˵Դ˺һȦ֮ʣףСʲô
ſڲصĶһͣ
˽һײһŮ̽ͷ˿
ڵĵظЩʲôǰ뿴ĸһ㣬æҵĵסˡ
Ů߿ߵŮұ߿ұߵ
˺ü£ֺǸŮûټ˼ˣһûдȣȻиֱվԴϣ϶һֵĻȣոպþͿסЩ
ãȻĿ˿Ůˡ
ڲ˵Ů˵ôǲɾģ㲻ֱӰһĨƽͺˣ
ŮԼ廨Ьڵһ£˲ϵһƬǱȥһƬƵģɫһɶֻ΢΢Щ׵ĵƤ
滹еãȻŮ˰ϵĨ˹˭µѪԼʰҪʰ
е㲻̫㡣૵ĵ
ڻ𣿡Ůָ˵Լ촽
ͷ󣬴һֺζЦ˵ȥôˡ

ºͽѾӸոյǸݴ˳ĳͨǰܡ
һһʣöôڹ˶֪˴ˣȫûбҪ͵͵ҹĿʲô
㲻Ҫҵȥò˳
ʲô˳һãȻ
ҲһΣ֮ǰºͽҵСǸطر񣬵ɶҪ½ܶࡣǱߵǽ϶ӹ̹ȫӡ
Χ嵽ǽȥģڻž;رһŴѣͽϵ֮صĴš
ȫ֪ǰʲôߵģֻǸܡ
ţºȻֽ۾ˣҲԽԽٵӣŬѹʲô
Ȼûвκֵĵط״̬ܺãֵķǽķӦ
ܵһƬյʱ۾ͣ˼룬˻۾ָһ򣬡ȥǱߡ
㡭¾ýڵ״ǳ̧֣ͷһۣͱ졣
ֱڵĽûǲҪ˵Ϊá
˻һۺ󣬾ͼӿ˽ŲºȻԼԭٶȣ׷ˡ
һһҧּӿһЩٶȣ׷˽
ֹһᣬͻȻһЩ죬˵ϤУΧǽѾǽõˣܿЩƷҪǿܶ࣬ҲΪˣ¶ƵĸоʮϤ
ȵȣҲǴ
ƹһ֮󣬻ºȻͶرˣûȥѾ³·ľͷӦһ˼ӣϷ鼮ӡ
¥εĲֶһĻôӦġ
ܵٶȺȻһЩ
˹ȥӽǸССӣȻͿ˽վһڷ̨ǰż顣
ӺͷƤû¸죬һʱ䶼ǰٴȥˣֻվſھĿš
üͷĿ⼸飬ոձ˼ҳӣվſڣе˼ջ˽ȥ
һδǸط뿪Ĵæкܶ鶼ûüϸķһοߵļϹȻҲ飬ǱߵĶȫᵽˡ
һĿţĵĴ˹ȥıһۣպþͿһ֡
ʮֵĲһ£һַ
տ仰ʱǰĽȻͷĿ˻һۡ
͵صͷָͷĵĿı棬ɽ˹ʲôûпһ
лҪ˵ȵȣǾġһʼǸۺȻ䷢ԼдĲ̫ԾˣŴӦûСɡȫд˳ˣĵĵԱײ
ͷŶ=أ=

뺯

˿˻һ, ֻվ, İ鷭˰졣
վһҲ, Ҳһſ, ÿһµʱµļ׶дʲô
һ, һдĺȻйڻ顣
£
ƵĻͷҲһ, ľ֮Ĺ¡
ʵ˵ⶫûµĺܲ˸̬һ, ޲ðһϼβ¼
ΪĹܶ̽, ͵ˡ
Ͼ̫̽, Լһ̽ӣ̽˵ܣҲ̽ܣԲôһġ
ⱾصıһҪϸһ, ¿˿ݣƺжϲ㣬ϲһĲһ
һ¿ĶϲΪ鱾ȱʧɵĶϲ, һΡ֪Ϊʲôмһ־ͻȻˡ
, ߲˵ͻȻĳʱйڻ¼¼ƵʺȻ˺ܶ, Ļµļ¼ʧˡ
ⱾԲûм¼йڻµ飬һμ¼ĻǻϸڽﲻСʧٵ顣
ܵ˵ƺ͸ЩһĿƹճһ
ÿ쾤ҵҵĸ¼һʼĿǳиͷһΧæ;ͻȻûʲôֵˣЩǾͲòӵһߡ
ӵһߵǺ˿ˡֻûЩ΢
˵ǴʲôʱʼֶϲأʱӦ÷ǳҪǰ˷ҵǸʱڵ㡣
˵ƽʱǾԲôģȻڵ˵ĴӪ̤̤ʵʵͣʼǣϾһԼʱǻŻŵ뿪ˡ
һλΪнԱߣ˵Ը»ǷǳģȻĵվ￴
˰죬ҵ˼¼Ƶʼʼʱ䣬òڵʱһλػʱ¼ƵʾͺȻˡ
оʲôϵ»²̫ףĳ˵¼֤˽Ի˵һ仰
Ǿǡһһֱ硱һ䡣
ķһӣ²ӵʱֻڶ
㿴Ҹʲôʡ
ûʲôͷЩȻ˵ˣʱˣˡ
߶ǳѸ٣¹ϵİϵļԼ·Žʱ·˳ȥ
ڻºͽ뿪εһ룬ͽķǱѰĳʹİһֻͬʱ
תͷ뿴һۺ棬ȴһѣûа취ֻܸתͷ
˺ò׵ܵƥͣŵĵطƥ΢΢Щ궯쳤Ŷ䣬ƺʲô
һקסŻȥԽԽԽԽţæ˼˳
ֱϳһ룬²лͷһۡ
ѹѹ˳ÿ϶ʹɫЩ˸µӡرΪٿַ·͸ʹı顣
ͬһʱ䣬ٲõİۺȻرŤ͵³һѪѪ֮лĳЩƬ
ϡǸŮ¶˺΢Цڵ״ܲð
ʶ۲ɾߵѪʡ
ûнССֱ˵֣ΪʶŮˣ뵱ΪŮ˲Ŵϻġ
ΪʱǱŮ˸вˣû뵽ʱ˿Ů˾Ȼֻ뵽һۡŮʶ
û뵽
Ҫ˵ûһֱѵĸоӦƭ˵ģôСĻʱ
ˣҲֻǳܿܶѣ롣
ڰ˵ڿ̫ҲûʲôҪöԼ˵̫඼Ѿûˡ
ǸŮ˾Ŀ˰һۣ˵Ȼ֪ʲôʱеĹƣΪʲôʱһ˿ŵϣԲҪֱ鿴ңҸͬ˶ѡ
۱۾ƺѾһ
ЩŮ˶ű³Ƭ֫ͷֻһﰡѵȻҲǸ𣿿ϧ㱾Գɹģ״£ܳŲȥһˡ
Űɱ۾һϾҪسɷģһջ˵£ȴһᡭԻֻҪҰһѣֻҪӦһ¡
ɻǱ۾
Ů˿żջûгɹҲķǳģֻҪӦҡ

˼ӣŮ˵ıȻ
ְһ˿ζûУŮеһ㶼һ
ˣǼֹһˣҵһ֣ˣջԶԶȲջ
ŮΪԼġܹ޶ԡ
Ů˵ľУӦǷǳˣܵĸоһ˶ܲһʹ࣬˰
۵԰׵ĸһֽһһֱţã۾ֳЦ⿴Ůˡ
ȻɫѾҰ׵ĸһˣЦǳζʮ㣬ŮĪֹıУһЦһ߶Ů˵ȻҪˣ뻹ƿصģԱЩСֶԸҡ
¥ɱǶѡԼĻȴѡԼ
¥Ǹѹ˵ɱҲһ顣ȻᣬǶ¥ɱ˵ȷʵΨһܹյĶˡ
ĿŮˣŮҲĶŰۣγһֹƽС
Ȼ۲֪ʱ˿̣Ů˵УĪһֻըëè
ãŮ˲̾һָ˵Լĺ촽ûа취
۾һл͵ӣƺѾ׼ɮһˡ
ŮһۣתҪߣߵʱ̲ס̾һ
ð˹ĶƢ˵ͦԻƢҲкܶˡ
ֻ˵ʲôӣŮֻεѡ뿪
֮ǰַһԼͷϵӣֳŽɫĹâԵָİס
ӷĹӦ˰۵С
ҪʧȥʶˣԺĿţֻĻϤϤΪԼ۳˻þ
ȣһ¡
Ů˺Ȼ۴סȵתͷһۣͿһ㱵Ŀ𣿡
ǡ˭Ů͵תͷ˿ΪԼײ˹
ﻹб
Ű۵ʱıոȷʵһŮܹԵĴϿһϲӡ
㡭𣿡˵仰Ȼһ㡣
͵ضԽԽһȵŮϣһӾʶŮ˲Ǹˡ
۵ĴԺȻޱȵ
ʣҪҴӦʲô



Ůһ, ȻЦ˳
˵ղŲҲԸӦҵ˵ʲô, ʲô
, Ҵˡ۵ǸʮϣҰɡ
ŮЦ, ЦҲȥ
ǱˣܳЦһ¶Էͷ̰֮ģǰ˾ô, ŮҲ㲻̫
ǸոպȻʲôԺ, ͺȻıԸһ
Ů˰ԼʲôȤĶ, ȴһֱ벻
ðɡ˻ᣬջԥ˵
ô, Ǻܿϧġ
˽ʱŮﶼһֿĵĸо, ˽, ֪Ϊʲôëëġ
۰ĿգԼ۾, ˿ƤƤģɢһĪȸС
Ůëë˹ȥԼĸ첲, ŵ㡭Ҹ˵㣬ҪʲôǷ֮, ҿ϶϶ֱӰ
ôءЦЦôʲôǷ֮ء
ʱֿһŮͷϵӡ
ȷʵǸ״
ͻȻĪעԵָУľѾͦˣֺȻһ
ô˵
ȻĿǰͨͨǸûʲôϵһ۵ĪԼˣ˵ĸо
ʲô°ǧ֮Ҳܸˣһ²ţһ߿Ů͵ػĸ첲

ºͽͬѵһɱһɽ֮¡
ԭȥ֮ǰ˻ĻڵģȻ·Ҳң˵ĸоЩ˵ġ
ֿеѵЦһ£תͷ۽۾뿪֮ѾָˣԴһӡ
ҲڲݵϿʼԲݣҲӸոּȿ־״̬лָ˹
΢΢Щ֣ʵղŽֳܵʱҲҪҪҲһѵģֵ̫ȻûбֳȣҲûбֳֻ֣һ㡭ա
ԣǰգһֶԼȻ©ĳСϸڵİա
ǻԼ벻һԼо쳣ɣȻͺѾ֪һ
û²ûзҲ˵ͨΪ֮ǰһȥ˼ŵˣȥ֮ǰӦҲûʲôˣһͳ⣬ֱӾ͵˷ӡ
һнеĶ̫Ե»ڽʾ֭˼һɵʱ򣬽ѾΰѵĿ顣
ι¸͵͵òһ½Լôµʱ򣬾ͿȻЦ
ЦķǳĲĿʲôر𶺵Ķֲ֧ӣЦüëˡ
˵ô־ǿʲôˣƵһȻͿˡŹ۲ռǡ
òƽĻǻ¸սŲ֮飬ɶҲû¼¼˻µϢڻ¿ǳġֵĸ˹¸һ
£
ˣˡȻʵǿʱ˿̵Ľ֪ΪΣȭͷεľַ¡
㿴ο˼˹Ц졭
ʿɶֹһ㡣³ǡʣһ£ղǸطʲôطʲôˣŻôܣ
飬ãȻĿۻ£һĸ֮̾󣬵Ҳ֪

˵ҲеɣֱӺ˳ŪҲҪҸõɰ
Ĳ֪һ޹¿ƺѾӵˡ
Լʵν֪֪Ĵţо𰸻Ի˵ҪҪһ⡣
ôһֱſ˺þãŵ˵ҲҪ⵽Ϊʲôܵ˵ûʲô£ⲻͺ𣿡
Щ֪̫࣬ҲĿ죬Ҫ˵Ͳ֪Ϳľ͵ˡ
˵֮󣬾ͰǱӸ˻£ˡȻ˳ϣóǻصҡ
µͷһеⱾӣǱ̵һ֣ڻ˵ǰֶٴҲǻᱻŵģȴ˻£ǽղصӡ
鴧˻˵ǼۿҲ͵ŵˡ
֪ôʱ䣬Ϊ⼸飬﾿ôġ
澿ʲôԽءµǿԲһ¡

һܵӣŮ˿ıιоôǲǿҪˣ
ûҾǾеġʵĲ˲Լ첲ѪŮһ͵طһ޴İۡ
ܸһôʲô𣿡۵˿ԼϵĿӺŮϵĿӵʵ˵Ҳ㲻ΪʲôȷʵǸоһ˿ͬ
еǹƶŮ˿Ű۵ԭĹƶѾˣ˸Ƴɱ㣬ֻֻƳѾˣҲһߡֻ֮ϹƳϵϿӦҲġ
ƶۿ˿Լĸ첲ۿǸɫѪڷ
ǰѪңʲôã
ֻƳϵ̫ˣѿӣʵҲɹķҰһѡ
ŮЦھͿǵĹܹѹĹһֻֻƳܹѹǵĹɱɡ
ǵĹʱüëǵĹкܶ
ǵĹȻֻһ
ŮȻص
ҴûпǵĹˣҾҪĵӦܲܵסĶ룬˵
ϾǵƢǺܱġ
۸˵ʲô͸оһֻĸоӶ
˲䣬ͷϾͳ˶ĺ飬ͷһԼ
ǸɫѪһ˲ȥɫɫʧٶرľˣͺһī˺ˮ֮һ
Ů˰վſڣ羲Ŀ棬Ǿµױݺ͵Ȼı顣۵׳ľɫһĬֿ͸һе顣
һ߸ʹĸоһؿڵ˵ϡԼؿڣֻʲôҪըһ

ոջصլĻºȻ̧ͷܿ˿̧ͷһۣʣʲô
ոաûʲôüʡ
ûаħ˰ɡ
ɻɵĿΧ˵ʲôûκֵûУ
ûСҡҡͷֿۻ¡
˹ˡ¸ղǻһ¡
ղһͻȻǻֺǵֵĸоҲô¡
߰ɡС·èȥͷֻ»վš㻹ڻ𣿡
ã͸ҲŽ˹ȥ
һߣһ룬ոֵĸоôءͺʲôֵĶոͻȻҪĳһ

ǰһ

˵, ֵĸоҲֻһ, ʱƣָоԽԽС, , ҲѾܲˡ
Ϊĳֻþ, ǻþôҲʮֲ˼һ¡
û¿ʼԼǲǳʲô, Ͼಡ֮ļʱҲʮܵġ
һֱŵ˽ȥ, ʱƵĸոպãһǱ߾ҪҲˡ
û¿ʼ뽭ǲԼ֡
ͳ˻Ǳ, Ȼ˼һ⡣
ϱӵĽõЩõֻǼ, ǰ˻ڵдȫأ
û˼˰, Ҫǻ롭ϱӽЩȫõˣô¥ЩƻʲôģǲҲţ
»ȥ֮ڴ, , һӣӡﶼѾƽûκˣȻթʬһĴӴ
ԽԽǽ֪ϱӵһжֻһıһ
Ŷͷ, ˵˵ʲôë
Ϊʲôÿνµ벻֮أ

ڶ컪𴲵ʱʮֵĲҲج˵ԭ
ｭŴѭţһظϱǰߵĻ档
ϳԷʱ˿ЩήҲӣģƺϾҪ˯ˡ
ѡԷʱ, ±ƣ̧ͷһԼ֮ǰʶģ˵һˡ
Ǹʣţ
ţʲôʡ
ȥĳ
ţ
»һ˵ЩҪ
ǸˣǮЩҪƭȥĳȻŪɱƭҵ
ʵ֤´ˣ˵İͳˣ׼˯ȥǱҹһֱ񵥳ʱ򡣡
ͬǰ߿ɼ賿ʱҳͺӶ᰾ҹȷһǰҹ˯Ρ
סµԾûʲôܵǸˣȥΨһĿģֻܾȥմ֡
ոһޣҲӣȻ˯ʱ磬һЩﻹͦĵġ
ԭǴ˯һڶ˵ģ˵Ĵ㣬֪˶һĵͨȣ̫һЩ
ȥһ޺ҲС׼ȥʲôط
ǰʮҵһҾ¥ʱԸһȥǸ˷ܵ˵Ǳߵرķ¥һҶķ˵ֻҪİһͻȥһȥˡ
һŶķľ¥𡭡ҪǰʮԤһǶͦģȻ뵽Ҷķ£˵
Ȼ˳һ¶ķڵλãԼôȥķʽ֮󣬱ԽԽ֣˶Է
ȵȣ˵ǸطòһտûµĽϰɣ
Ǹ˵˵ͷҲ֪ĸطǱرķǳ棬ûȥĻҴȥ
ˡ
΢ĿǸź뿪ָоĺǱ͵͵Ŀһ
Ϊֵϰ壬ܱ˷һҲһѵõľʱȻʶԼȷʵǸһطŽϢˡ
һ˯ĿԲ̫ߣϾڸŴ򹤣Ǳ߿ܻǰҹһ£ҸطϢ˯ǱߡҲһӲսǳĴ󣬵ʱ˵һСľͻʲô̤¹ʡ
еûģ׼š
ûеһʱȥҽϾҹʱ˵뿴һʱ˿̱Ľ˶ڸʲô
ųȥ¾ͺȻԼŵǸѾ˵ķ䣬ʶĿһۣûпǸ۾ŮһʼԼеħˡ
˶ѾһˣÿγŻǵ˻ڽš
Ļ֪ô¶˵ͻȻ뿪Ǻܿϧġ
Ϊദ˸飬Ϊ˸ĸоΣգǸ˻ǸŮӣһԵͻȻʧûûûĸо
˳߹ȥǰ˷·Ǽסĵطˣ翴ڸʲôɡ
ݵһ˲䣬ʶĺһ䣬𣿡ȻһžƺһЩֽһĲСıˡ
ﴫ˾ֵ·溰˭˭
ҡûͣûҽȥҾǽôŵġ
ﴫһֵһǸƽʱǸ·һĺѣǣǣǸڲ̫㣬һɡ
㣿ڸʲô
ִһʮֹû˵ǲĦһЩ߰С졣
µıȻͱù޲дĸ֡ҿ
Ű֣Щӣȴ˵Ҫǲ̫ĻҾˡ
ﴫȻǿװģһϲˣ治˼ʱû취ȥ㡣
Ϊʲôû취ҶУѵڸʲô˵С𣿻µİ֮磬ӿ
ַŰϣ˰죬룬롭ջǳ̾һ
վǸʵӰ¡˵Ϳˡ
̾˿û˶һʲôǵýҡȻֳš
֮Ƶһۣ涼һľӣڵһʵ
Իʲô˵ء

·Ͱ˴
ϵֽɢһأвٵī֭ԼһרӡˢİӣԱ߷һЩȽϰרдĳС
ڵģֻмţ䲻һʲôٻʽֳƵġ
·̾һҪ˵߸ʲôȰȥҸεĵطдİˣǲƫƫҪôطŪ
Сʮ˵ߵ˶ӣÿ԰ݣ㲻֪жң뵽ıҲ뵽ˣ濴ܰȫĵط֪˶ء
·˸ۣааɣʲôû˵ŪôණʲôʱǸͷ
ЩɺʿʲôĶףֻҪûӡˢŪݾˡ˲ͷϵĺѵЩҪ͸Щϴ˵ģҪԵдʣ¼Ҫһֱдˡ
Ͳǰд𣿡
ôУǰд걻˷ô죿
ðɣðɡ·һҲ̶õ̾˿ù˵꣬ŵƽ溰ǴϵĹʲôŰǽȥҪȥ𣿡
һ룬һҡ
ߣȻڻ԰˽˿һ㶼żӣֵʣ㲻ȥ濴
żʲô۵кȦһû˯ѵӡ
ǶҪȥģôһ㶼ż˵
һ룬оƺǱӵĿһۡ
ÿһΰ˶յİ񵥡˵ĪĳһֽάǷС
ܱյ񵥵ʱҪĶ࣬ΪʲôҪż



֮ǰ֪, ˵ЩȷҲ̫Ҫ
ϱõİֻǱֵµ͹, ǶǱģ¥Լ¼ģû˿
⵹û»״ڹǸ񵥡
ƺϺõ˿Ƴɵ, 滹һϸĽۡ
ߺûʲôҪĵˣƺֻ׼õǷݰ, Լ᲻ǰ֮϶ġ
¿ǵľҪһ㡣
ǻֱӰǷݶ͵ǱֻߡڵڶĴſڣ
ԭû, ˵ǳ, ׼ȥ, ˵¶Լݿɲһô飬˹Ī⣬ܻ¾Լݻᱻ¶, ǡ˭֪ء
ֻҪ˻ϣǰ񵥱ӵĲϣ̫ˡ
ͷȥ˻֣ŵʱ򣬿ƵˣʰװŻֵķ
Щ˿һĶȥμʲô񵥹ģȥεģÿһ϶ֿĵı飬ûƺҲ˸, ֻһ͵ᡣ

˽ƺ׼ݣƽʱҹ䣬ͻ޹صԱƺһ
һ񻶡
˶һĪ˷֮С
⸽͸ıɴ󣬿ԿǵļӰһƤӰϷе
еĸߴͣһԱͽеĽСһֻɭеĻ𿡣
ÿһֵļӰ֮£·𶼱òԼȴ̫Լڽϵ˱ЩӰţǴһһƤӰϷ֮С
ִƵĿһڽֵߵʱô뵽
ʣӦǹģЩһЩ֮ЩڴʱʱڣܹŵӦöǼ򵥵ˡ
һ¥ϣһߺžһ߿棬ΧֻһţǸģʮֵ㣬ϴŰߣ滭һֻĶ
򾲾ȼţ¿һǸˣ˴ŵ·ƽﻨ洩·ʱȴʮֵǫ
˵ǰ϶д˭أģԻ¿ʼ̸˻
ΪӦûмˡϵͣʦЩˡ˵
أʡ
ϻǰϣ
ƻ˵
Σյһ˵ֻЩ˵Ҳûʲôյ˵
»Сܹڰ֮ϣҪĳˣҲ֮ϲʱ´Żϯ
ҲǺܱܶӡ
˵֪ϵһܣǸᱻκ򶯵ˣҲǸᱻҵˡ
µǲ⻰٣ֻǾͦ˼ģԼ˼ЩҲ˼
ҪôĻǻܲܲµĳ
²֪ΪΣﻹһ˿ڴС
עһ㡣µһ˶ӣʵڲСû˶
ǡ
Ҽ˿ʲôӦǱİɣ룬뵱꿴¥εʱ򣬾пôһ˵Ȼ˵һֱһͦõĶִ˵һű߼ʵĶ
Ȼ뵽ˣȻ͵úúõĲһ¡
ɱˣôָԷء
ʱƣ·ԼڻþˣרŸ׬Ǯһ֣ûһ˶ڼּңһؿµĻ棬Ӳɳӡ
˵˻ܶ࣬ӣڻ˵Ҳδزһûᡣ
Ҳǻ׬ǮһҪֶΣܹȥȻһʡ²֪ΪʲôͺȻȼϣ
뵽⣬ֲһ䣬һҪúõдǵĿˣûʲô᳣ȻˣҪߵдǡ
˵仰Űߵƺһ룬²ûв
˻ᣬ˵ǡ
һ׬ٰܲܰѻһµѸ׬
´˼˳Ŀ档
ãĵƻԻͣȻЦ˵ڴء

ľ뿪ˣмݰҪ͵еģʱҪһЩˣϾ·ƾһˣȫûа취һ㡣
˵ǵһΰģһλĴУˡƣǸʹ԰ϵЩʱԱС
ʱأΪ˸µ˿ǰҲмʵģҲųġ
ǰֻ˵ƨ
λǰѾȥϰˣȥ˼ͷһѣƵȥﱨ
ļݶͳȥˣͲһݣ³ʲôӣרŶȣΪ˰һݸʵͳȥ
ҹ̯Ӿ߿ţʮֵĻ𱬣󲿷˶ҹ̯ĵĳŶ죬ȥ
ϻҪĶô˼ܺ䶪ʧˣϾһǳˣڶӺܶĺ
˵ʱ̲ǰĲϣðߡ
ǿż˸ǽǣԾľͶ
ΧЩС꣬Уÿ˶ŰÿĴнİ񵥣һˮһĬ
ҲҲ¶һ޶İ֪İ縺ʹİӢİ
߶⣬Ϳͬ߳һˡ
˴ĹӣͷϻһССɡͷ򵥵ȥĶŵĽ
˿ʱ˼룬໥ӣĸΧ·ʲôͻȻ侲ֹˡ
ؿһͣƺпҭɤﴭ
ȹ˼룬Ǹ͵طӦ˹
Сܹɡ˰ͷϣеʣôһʲô·أ
֪ΪξͻȻ÷ǳΣҲ̫ش⣬˵
ôһôǱ˼ʵ
Ϊ㡣
ͻȻôش
Լô˵ˣǳ̫Цˡ
վװʲôûзһϵҡûʲô£ֻǳйһ¶ѣæģҲżż
ֵĿǰ˿··Ŀӵˣ͹Ĳ֪Щʲôչո뵽ͷ˸ƮҡСײһ
Ǹ涼û¿ˣ޲õһСײӦӦ
ҷɣǳʲôõʲôҪҰæ𣬳ºȻ˻ﱧһͦģţƤֽĶʶľҪӹȥ
Уһͺ˳ҵĿȹ쳹ʮ
̫ңڻºͻȻͬʱε
߶ˣǸͶģʱ仹ûҲͣӦһͣһʲôͣʵҲ㲻ô͡
εʼǻػôţȻͿи˵ײײ˹ƺһƿ
߹ȥʱ򣬲Сײ˻£´ʱһӦı΢΢ײһ򣬰һ飬Ǹ˵ȵȣײˡ
ǸΰѵĿһۣһۼ䣬Ȼµǿźɫ룬ǳ֣Ȼˣ˵ļȿܡ
һӡǸﵹһھƣǸӰ
ֹʮֵĹŹ֣˾òʣܻ²ţ߶߶ģĺ䡣
ˡȻƽʱϲ£Աлڣе㵣ȴûǸһߺȾƣһ߿ĵָŰͻ˵ǾͶˣҲˣȫˣ
˵꣬˻һĳǰ˹ȥֻ»ºͰˡ
˾ùֵֹģܾˡǻ˰
˵ȴǻĶߡ
ǸӰ



ѾԽԽ, ˶һֵֻУϵƻͨ
˱, ˵ɫǲҳԵʲôɾĶһ, Ūı˵Ļ¶û˼, 
ڻ˵, ԼڲڻʵҲ̫ҪԷһֵµС˧ק˸油
ʵ¾ֻҪԼŽյǸ񵥣ôС
Ȼܲ, ֻܾԼһ͵ģŸϢǴͺãԻ߻һС, װһ·
ʵڲ, Ҵȥҽݰɡµ, ֪⸽мҽݣͦġ
, , лл
Ű, ֵϺȻһ, ˶ȥһ, ӰСЦ
Ӧ÷ʲô飬ֻʱûʲôȥ
ƻԻ͵Ļ֮ϣЩ, ŴӴһȥӰҲʧΪһֵֿ¡
¾ĸоǳ̻һָʵ粻̫̻վʵõı߽磬ʱ˴ʵﴩ
ϢûµƽҲ˸ոΪǸֵķӶĲС
Լһӻµ뿪Ȼһᵽ㣬¾ûа취ڲݵ°Ѱ񵥵ݸˡ
ʱ벻ʲôʵɣȻöԷ֡αװ֮£ӦǸƢԸ񶼷ǳõˣ뿪ԷҲͲʲô
ܺԼ뿪֮󱳺ϼˡ
Ҳ˿ڲˮѹѹɤӣ뿪˵ȻһӰӴǰ߹ӰǺȺһӾͱ˹ȥ
һŮӣղЩΪ
˿ͨͨģҲһͨͨСһɰ־µޣСӸ󣬿ĵıָܣǸŮӼҲֻЦһЦ
ľһ͸˵ƻֶˣϴһĺȹӣϵһĺִŸ־µӡ
·ֶİƺǶŴ⿴һʱ䣬ЩֵʲôԼҲƿߵĴӿһۣȴֻС
Ҳع۶Ļ£˵ֵĹָ£ôһ룬ղŵǸ˵ҲǸӡô뻹еźͷÿĹôľͶء
ۻ£˵ʲô𣿡
Ӧûʲô¡ҡҡͷôˣ
Ȼû£ӦðֹֺĿ˹æɤ˵ȿȣҪȻȥһ䣿
һ䡭Ҳûʲô⡣µ
Լڻϴôʱ䣬ʲô֪ĲˣԶûʲô̫ȤǶڰ˵ȻһĵطԵͳȥ䡣
Ż΢΢һ˵ֻҪǳȥͺðˣʱȥ֮󣬾һַܹӻҽ뿪
ţʱ˿Ѿȫˣ³һֽɡһյҸС
֪ʲôôѸġⶫҪǮټ״ȷʵʮֵľɣкܶ˶ӵһȦԿֵ
˺ö࡭еûһ
ǰĺöࡣ³ܿ˿컨ȫŵģûʲôƣԽ˸Ķ࣬࿴ƽϲ˶ˡ
ҡķǲ̫һ㣿ƽʱ⸽ôķ
˵طɵٶҲ̫һ㡣ţºȻ˵
ûӵطԼģԼ֪Ϊʲôô죿أԱߴһϵˣ֪طΪʲôô𣿡
ºͰͬʱתͷȥֻ˵һ꼶ܴţŵͷѾˣȫϼ롣
۾ҲѾǲˣһЩõĶʮӡ
˵Ѿɳˡ
Ļ󣬻Ŀʣ̫ţܸҽһ𣿡
Ǹſ꣬ƺʱᵹ¡԰׵ͷں֮бģô죬ƺһɡûС
ƺ΢Щͬĵˣһ޶ԡ
Աߵ̯϶кܶĿˣΨŵ̯ûʲôΪ̯βֻΪ񲻺ãӵٶ̫ˡ
˻ºͰ֮⣬ֻмˣ⼸˺пҲǿ̫ķġ
и꼶ŮӺʣţ֪Ϊʲôȷʵǰûš
Ǹű໨Ķһ٣ɳƵ˵ƽʱϼŮˣ⻹ǵһҹô˰ɡ
еӱһˣ¿һۣԼⶫģ̫һΪûôСĻ
ⶫĴСʲôأ
°Ȼһ¡
е񡭡еСӣ
ôߣôСġ
ţͦ
̧۾һۣƵϼһ˿Цݣһ¡ǺܾǰĹˡ
ǰһ֣ȫƯŮˣ֪ЩŮ˼ˣǿֲ
ڵʱ򣬻Ὣ˵ͳԵ˰죬ֻͻȻӰһʧ
ǳԵˣֻµǻֵϣ˶ûа취
ЩŮûʲôϲãΨһϲÿֻܾеΪҹҲܸһ貵ĶϣŮ˻ɫĵ
ƽֵҹǴ˴ģֻһ⣬Ҫ˵ʱ򡣡
ŵɤĵͳΧղ֪ΪʲôͻȻôֹ죬ոջӻ˵ǸŮҲûˣֻʣΧ紵
ǸˡֻҪ˵ʱ򣬲ŻὫԼĽֵӭˡ˵仰Ǹ۾һȦߵˣһ䣬ԣǺΣյġ
˵꣬Ȼ˼ɳЦʱһһֱĬĬŹµİźȻʶʲôŵĽ¡
վˮУЬȴһ㶼ûʪŻᷢһ
߶µԼ۾Լˡ
ңȥǱ㶫ˡԱѾʶʲôԣ˸ҪȴǸ˵ôˣͱŵˣĹ𣿡
ˡǸһ˵һߣȴȻһûʲôأ
ѭȥֻһʮƽ
Ǹ˿ȫʲô书ˣʱ˿ȴʲôûһ
˿֮һʣǽַʲô

͵

ŵЩ, ֪𣿡
ԡ
ʵʮ̹ȻȻ̹Ȼ￴൱졣
ղΪ޺ļ, ʱָ֪һЩ롣
ֻ֪ĹʲôԽľý˼ˣֻûϸ, ȻôϡŹֵˡ
ɵǼɵǸ̾Ϣһ, Ͳ, û취뿪𣿡
ڵķӾˮƽ𣿡»˹ȥ, ŵǰ, ˵ϵһССӡ
ӷǳͨÿһ̯ǰפĿһ, ȴⳡ˵ﶼ͵س
Լҵµÿһϸڸ뿪
Ҷ
Ա߳Ǽ˵ûôĹǣڲԵǰһ, , ŮӵƲסķ˼С
̶̵ʱ˴ֻʣˣ, , а
ûͷûβ, Ҳû˼Ҹ㽲һ˼Ĺ£Σ̧ͷһۡ
ǸŶŻ, ۾Ȼ˻ŵǸСǸ֮΢΢¶һ·һߡ
ڵĵɫʺĻƣ
üëȻͿ
´ӵּ̯˼СӣŽİȻǰţ⼸ӶǮ
ʮʮġ
ںȫĿһĻֻԼڶΪ˵
һҲ붯ȥ˼ոյ׷ʲôκҲϹԽֻôţ;ȶˡ
¸ǮͰǸ֮˳Ѿ߲·ˡ
治óһСݸ˰űӻǺַġ
ӲˣӹССӿһۣȷʵǸܾµСӣոոһõһʱ̫￴ͺܴˡ
ӵģ˵Сɣͺ񡭡ͺ񡭡
֪뵽ʲôͻȻɴ۾
µ۾ܹϵˣһֵĸ߲㣬Ǹ˺ͻ¶һۣʾȥβ
أҲʲô飬ղŹǵ˵Ĵڣ²ûг֣û˿ҲǿԵġ
һȫʶķӣڻ˵ŻԼ֪Ĺ¡
˼˼룬һСӴ
ýĻһкܶ벻˻ˣЩ˵һЩѡ
ĻҪ׬ǮҪ׬µѣ²κ˱ĳΰƻ
һ·󣬶԰ͻȻһЩ飬Ҫ뿪һᡣ
û£û£㲻ҡҡͷʾ⻪ȥʲôԡ
±Ǹĸ˱Լһ˷ӣֻոʾǸվ˻֮ҡҡͷ
վµĿ˿֮ǰǸվŵĵط
˰

һڵһƵ˾ֵš
ֽýļ͵ˣЩСﶼǻ谵ģһֻӰ
ȵòܵһʱһСĵǽڣȻ
ﾪɲ˶ڷòǽڵһߣһ˹
ˣˣǸžֵĺ
꣬СǸסǸŵ죬ôֵģ
Ҳ֪ͻȻҵǰȻǰĳޣ֮󡭡֮󡭡
ǸҪ˵ȥǰ˵ˣˣҶ֪ˡ
˼ӣķǸϢĵ˵ϡ
֪˰Ǹһ˵һһ棬ҵ֪ôġ
̫ˡ˶˭İɡ¥Щζϣ׹ǵһǲȷǹ
Ǹ˰ѵڵϵǸϣ׹۲ءǻȥѵһǸһɱ˲ɣ
ȻոշǽʱṦȴЩȳ·һһյġ
˰ӵȻԼ֣ʲôһ
ôֵأ룬ƺһ䣬ȻȻЦѵܹģ
ƺҲԼ˵ʮֵĿЦҡҡͷ
ҿµ뿪ˣȻһᷢɾͲˡ

¿ŻЩʰȻʣǲʲô˽ң
ûаЩ˱ʵһ£Ȼ׷ҡͷ
¿һǵķӦǵķӦǼٵģ﷢ʲô飬ǿĲ
˵ֵµ͵͵ʲôЩ˵ȼʱûа취֪
̫ͷǸղĻЩֶҪӡ
¶ֵµҪ췴ͼǺײģ뵱һĸɵ˲ͼıˡ
ǰЩ˲
ȫĵŵڴСҴܣʱʱͷһϵÿ˵ϹŵĶЦ⡣
ָоȷʵǻϤֻĸоҲһֱѻǼҵԭ֮һľЩƺʲô͵͵
˵ǰɡ΢΢۾˵Ļỻ׹һ
ӣһ¡·ŵʱ򣬸պÿųƺҪŵӣæ׷ȥܸһ𣿡
£
ƽʱͦϲڱǰװ湫ӵģΨ·ǰ̼ģһ˲ô˳ۡ
ȥ¿𣿡·ӲͷƤ˵ȥĻҲȥɣҵһһеĲ׼ȥ
ѣ·ģȻЦˣϳ
·˿
ǲһҪŽֻʱΣһΪһؤŽˣλӿ϶ϯ
ҡ·ﻹиССͷǸŽ׼Щʲô
´һСؤһĳš
·˵ȷʵЩҲᴩ·
һȷʵûһܹϳˣڻ֮Уһµ硣
һȦȻڽֿǸһЦһܿݵķӣ˹ȥŶԷ߽һֹʲôʹս
ǺǺǡǶᱻɱǸ˭󲻵Ǹˡ

֮

, ӦѾס˰ɡ
ֵĳмеΧһ
ֻڼ򵥵죬ݿ»
, ȫصˣҪ˵ʲôصĻֻܽ˵ĴƷζˡ
ʵƷζϸҲ΢Ĳͬô˵Ҳ񻨴һķŷңϾ󲿷ֶҲŸṩģŷŷҵĳ̶ԶԶȲϻĳ̶ȡ
ʵûôںǸ񵥵, ûĵһӦ׬Ǯ, ֶͦ, ׬Ǯʲô׬Ǯ
ǡ˿֪ⶫڻҪԡ
Ҫֵڽרžۼһ¡
۵ʵһܼ򵥵, ˵ȥйڻ档
ȣΰ˭ǵһ⣬Ⱥ˴ûеĹǿ治ǵһ, ǲйˡ
ǵķ˵пܻʮֵĲ˼飬Ͼ˵Ȼ˿ܻкܶ࣬ڽϲųֲһңܲͻȻͱˡ
ǻ˲
Ƕڻô, ˵Σ˵ǻڻȽϷŷңԾûһ»ŷ֮ʵ
ʱգǸƨɵĵһѡǻһСˣڻһСˣȺĬĬŵȥʰȻҲ˽⵽཭˲֪
ȻǴ󲿷ʱ񹤾ˣͷ˲֪̫࣬ҵˡ
ڳ˵һǶġǾǻ磬Ǹʧ˽һ硣
˵ȥֻһС𶯣һʼÿ֪µʱҲһΣǽҲͽ趨
ھǿ˵ķӦ
һаһ磬ǻ棬᲻Ҳһһ˲仳أ
´սǸЩݵķӣСʣ桭ĸˣ
һָͷ˴ȴ˵ļһ˱˺ü¶ûзӦȵٴͷѾ˯ȥˡ
ȾƲãȾ¡
ܾԼʾʳ˵ľʲôˣ˾ؼʱ̺ȻˣûܾԼܿ
תȥ˼ȥҡˣȻȴû뵽Ūˣ˶鷳
ڻȥú󣬾и˶
ЩںСĵĹ۲ǣǵϴȻǻ·ǵȴʮֵĲƵġ
һֶ⣬һֻĸо
ԼԼģƺڽ̸ʲô
˾Ǹٵ𣿡
ԣ
ĵӣȻð磿
֮˵³ӦûܲҰɣûԸԺûԸ
һҪðƻݣǸһ
ѵ֪𣿡
˵Ҳ֡˺֪µģǴȴһֱûʲô
˹İɣȻĸ㲻ΪʲôŹܡ

ڽϣԼĺӣЩ֣ôͻȻôأ
룬ֵĸо׵Ժ

·һ·ҲԼ쬵ģ˿Щɻʣ֪Ӧûÿһϵ˶һݰİɣαҪȥǱأ
ͦϤ𡣡
һһ㡣
ҵ뿴ǸϵˡƢĸ·һ£Ҫȷһ飬ټϡȥǱеҪ
ͷһ·ȻͻȻʣ𣿡
·ҡͷӲ˦ȥ
ǻͦϧġתͷ־Ŀĵƻ
·ڳϣ˲֪ΪκȻ˽ٺĸо
ȻղŽֻǼ򵥵һѡ
һط·ͷɿˣֻ˽һˡ
ܵĵǿ졣һ·ӿڴͳһССӣһ£Ȼ˹
ǲ֪
ǸϢ֮ô롣
ûô룬վڻ֮пʼ
ǵԼûô˰
֮ǰԻڽߵʱ򣬶ûм˸ҸӣԻûעʱΪЩûʲôвϲᱻϳֵˣԭ۽¼һС롣
վһӵĴǰ˶ãȻ˵Щ˶Ǵðİ
϶ЩǰӦûûСֵ϶ûôֵˡ
ﻹġʼֻǸ¥Ĺɵ֯˵𱣬깫֮ģڸ°ӵԲǻԭĳԱ֮һ
˰̡ǸϹֻ۾ֻ۾ʮֲ⣬ѰӵݸµʱЦĸ⡰Ͱסѻ¿һһ㶵ġ
ӹãȻҧһڣ˵Щ˶˭
ΪʲôͻȻļ

˵ǰѾǲֵµȥӽ⸽ķˣȻЩҲͬΪˡ
ԱļǰûйǸص쳣Ҫ۲졣
ڸЩ֮УѾ൱в˶ΪǷӵΨһ죬ԶΪհǸǳõźţҪСġ
ּƺʱʱʧصΣա
ȷǵһǵڷܻ֮ЩɷӰ졣
ʱ۲״
һʧأ벻صģ̵ģնɱ
һ뵽϶˺ֹ۵Цݡ
ʱ˿̣ڻֵĸ䣬ƺһЩСֹ
Щ˵ϸСģӵһȻһӰǻڻϿա
ǹ𣿡
ǵĻһҪɱˡ
ֻǵģ˳ˣֻܰɱߡڱǵһ֡

ٲոյڵõİۺȻ΢΢Ķһ¡
ָ΢ĶſŮ˵ע⡣ŮתͷƴӣЦһ¡
ϣͦ𣬾ȻɹĻˡ

»¶ëëģԴ˻ףСؤ·վֻΣķĺ󱳶쬵ģ֯}˵ĸо
Ҳ}˸оԴʱĶȻһص
ǽ
Ȼ˰ݣ²Ϊ˵Ȱ񵥵ģӦֽʲôɡ
һͬΪУⶼʲôλˣѾϰˡ
˵䲻ģǽĸ˹񣬽ø˼Ұǰܡ
Ҳƨƨߵ˹ȥ˿ûԼҲܲҵʶ˵ʵ߸˵ĸо̫죬òԼˣܵ˵ܰһ𣬱Ͼ˲аŵģٶ֡
²Ÿߣͷֽе
ѽ֮ϧ
ԴðͷͿƺ֪ʲôһ˵֮ǰ˿ڡ
һֺ֣ȴֺܵŻµͷκʧصļ󣬾

ոܹûվȵĻ³
ԼĶû塣


Բ

ѻʲôһĻǻ»ԥİൽһλ
Ϊиٹ̵ĸ, ˶״гֿ԰æ, Ψš
˶㲻
ʱ򶼻ε״мбһȺΧŹľ, Ƕڻ˵ج, δѡ
ԴԽ֮󣬻µһʱ͸Ŵ˹ϵ, Ϊгһܹһء
⡭Ӧð
ԼĶͷϱ״ôˣڼ֮ΧŹ, Ⱳʵʵģô״лǿĳأ
ûע⵽µĲԾ, ʵڸںһ¡
ʵĿ, һ˺ܶˡѾ֪ͨ˸ˣʱ
ȵȣȵȣģʡ
⸽, źŵȥ֮һڿ϶ϵӦ˵
˲Ѫ
⣬ⲻ԰
Ȼ֪ʵϾǸɺ˽͵͵еİཻףֻǽǰڰִеİ
ּӸзǳǿңûĪĿ˵쳡֮սëһʲôط˴롣
ǿѹסԼĵľ֮⣬, һҪ˵ʱҶԻֵĻֹҡ
˭ϡֹ㰡Ըɱɱ£ԡԣ㲻ɱûµȰ˵û
»㲻׽˵ĵʲô˼ֻӦǳˣֻĸ߲úõһ⵽ô¡
ڣǻĴڽ֮ץסһ˿˿ص㡣
ˣ˵ֻҪʧصļĻ
һ仰ڴʱ˿̾ǻµľݣʱ޿̲̳ȥԼĸ߲ǿᡣ
û뵽ձֳҪ뿪ļʱȻһץס֣ϷһͳһӣһЦǺǵһ߶˵ʱɲܳȥ̫鷳ˣһʲôӾͲˡ
µ۾Լ֡
أֻʱġȵǴ˻֮󣬾Ϳ϶ſģİɡ
ԭôһǷ˲ء
ºǺǺǵЦģЦĻһ޿

һֱڶûгǹסġֱߵһС˵š
˱ǿҪյĶࡣһ˵ұΪԸһ̲סĳģû뵽ʱĻҪһЩ
˵仰ʱ򣬽պק޿Ļ´ǵĴǰ·
ˡʲô׽͸ʱǲˡһ˵ǰʱ䣬˰ΧЩȫˣ˸ʱ򡣡
һ˵ƺʲô飬ȭͷϺݺݵһ¡
Ǽ¶˵ĵȷȷһ衣
ǰ죬Ȼ˼һţǰȥһͤӡ
ʱнӵŵ˶ˣΪǷֱ͵ǵϵģôλεİ
յǷŵиɵţмɵ峤йһǰĽʿ
ʵյҲЩԭԭǣŲСĹһΪ֪ܡ
һ˺޹˼ɵ˺αװһ
յżˣǳɺϡĶסڽļУμġ
ǸŵƺǹģڽҸԶҲһЩڽСɣЩȴȫȻ֪ʲô
ᡭʵŵﶼôһ¡
νᣬǴڼ֮ǰͻȻϵ֮ǲʰ˰ôСطƽʱǸͲ
ͬʱЩҲյһŵ󡪡ǻɱһ
ǸյʱǵһֱڳЦţΪĿǰΪֹûгֹһϵĹ
νġʵֻ΢һЩСѣ涥һЩģܾǻʦˡ
ʦʵȻҲǳĿֲԶԶôһͬǰȥΧ˵ĳ̶ȡԣξٶǿ˳ͻľٶ
Щ֮ǰԼĲ²ޱȷġ
ֱǿʼԼ֮Ȼĳķӡ
ܶ࣬һܴӸָ˷˼ĵطĳ
ЩӵԼЩԾ
֮ǰǴû뵽ԼɾȻôķӡ
ΪֵǣЩӣڲμĳڵĸʢķӾۻ֮ͻȻ䱩¶ġ
ǸۻᣬҶ֪ʲôֻ֪ȥмءܴ𣬲ܴܼ·
һƬɫĿռ䣬Ǹûκι԰һ
øɼһֻҵУӵ֮࣬ǿʼɣԼɵͻȻ伯巢ģʲôͼյǷ衣
ٽһڲͣΧķӼ飬Щ˼һӾ˻档
֤ʲôĻ̫ԣּӸʵ̫ǿˡԼ˶һ˲Ϳʼɣ棬Ǹν˾ͬһˡ
ôһ²õϢͷǳĲˡ
棬յµĵӱɷӡ
֮Ļôڽ˵ԲС¼
ȣ˾Ȼͼô˱ɷӣôͼһС֮ǰ˵ǸпܾͲֻһԵ˵һʵ
ΡЩɵҲɵӵĺðɣ˾ӵʲôĸЩĸԸķɵӵݣתȥһأ
һǿķӣӵżΪӴ
Ѿв߻꣬һĽչԼҵ
ҪǣڷӵѾӵһܹһЩԸΪЧҵ
Щϼ㹻Щſһոµа̽
˰еĽͲɣ׼۲һ龿ôµʱ򡭡

һдֽϵЦЩ˽ǡ
Цһ޼ɵķӶڳЦ
ɡЩ˳ĵΪЩ˼ҹ룬Ϊһ򵥵žʦڣɳеľӢǰ
ǸˡȴֻһЦڿǡ
ЩԼǰȥЩǴϢԺÿ˶ƺһڶǵһȡ
ⶫ˵ʲô
˵֪ⳡᡱʲôģ
ȫ֪ȫȻں
ЩȫһطΪҪʲôȴ˶˵ʱȴֻվһԿǵЦ
˵Ի·ԺܶأҼš
ƫƫʱֲҶ֡
Ϊ˸ǰ޼ɵϷŪǣȴһųζ˶Ĵżɵ
Ǿûһ֪ǵһһ򲻻̼ǡ
Ǵ̼ԺΪʲôһЦأ
һ뵽;ú󱳷
ֲ¼ŭǣƺϾڵǹļƣʵ׼ˣǻܲ³е뷨
ǻϷˣô˵Ļ棬Ǻܺ½ֻһСЦ
һ˳еЦ

Щһ˵ҪΧ˻棬ͦĵģϾ˵ҲǸѵֻˡ
Ի˵
ˡȷ˲²͸ЩʲôҿķӺܶ࣬ͷһһôˡûκιһ
ʲô֣ôˣӦҲ԰Ʒ˰ɡʵﻹЩĵģȻٽһЩ˹
ܳܳʱԺ󣬻²˰ϲûгֵᣬΡΡʽԣǸͤΪģ
ǵȻˣȻΪʲô
쳤̾
˵ΪʲôֻǾԼһССĶ磬ͻȻȥôˣҸǾӢ
˰ԭЩȫԲడ
ôۣҪʲôΨһĹҪɷӣеûź
Ǹʱ䣬ȥ׬㻨Ѳ
ѵû˸Щ˵ЩͻȻðġӡʵѹͲʲôͻȻ˵ģԭѾˣһֱǱ
ȻЩ˵ǡΧ˹ٰġЩֵµС˵ȴǡ˳ҪЩǱڸķӣֹڱҪʱӡ
û裬ͦǵģǸĳͦˡǳţͼ˵һ£桱һôʵֵСɰȴֻһƳ
˻ᣬͰ͵˵һţڵôġ

ڣȫҲֻôΪ˰ɡ

ϲ

ҽڽϿһЩˡ
ֵĳ޴Ļ, һ˰վ, ͷǸ
ر, Ҫһ˫ֺϱܱס, 濴رƯĹڵʵġ
۾, ĿţƺҪʵĵƹ˯ˡ
֮ǰһֻӺñǰˡһ, ˵ʮֵ, , ȴµᲢͬ
ӴѡԱһվӰ˺Ȼ˵ǸվӰ, ϴҲǺɫ·, ڸмΪϡ, ˵ƺܶ˶ûа취ע⵽
ֻΪ˾еôԲûɱ蹷
˵ʱ, ˴˶Щղ
ʲôʢ
벻ǡŵǸЦһ, ıһֱЩ䵭ĸоԼʹЦ, ҲԵóζôŨ
һҰȻ⣬˵һûвԱһ١
طƯֻϧ, ٹһʱ䣬ͲôƯˡ
µ̧ͷһĽֵֵţЩдźܻ·ĹҲд·С̷ڽϰ̯
ЩȻǧ𣬵ȴһͬ㡣
Ƕ߻ħˡ
ڱĵطܿһĻ
ﱻˣҿܻеϧ˵ţһ·ȥ
·һһ˵ģȽſǺܷ㡣

ûܣģҰɡµnεĶԽ˵ƺ˼˺ܾãתͷЦе˵С
㻹װôӸʲôأĬĬİͷת˹ȥĺ״˹ˣˣ
Ϲ٩ɽʱͻȻӭһȳӣΧֵϵˣȳ䲻һͦÿģΪ㡣
ѽǸǡڻµС˵
ʱǸע⵽˽ˡ
תͷŽƺǹһᣬתͷú˵ӣ㰡
ôҲˣ΢һ㾪˹ȥĲԿ죬˿˼µֻһ𣬵»¸ʾǣŵֻĸһɼľ͸Źȥˡ
Ǹ˿һۻ£ƺҲЩ֣ʲôû˵
ֻһۣϳˡ
ʮͤǸֵĻң
۾ɫҩһֱ˺֣Ϊ״еļƺûʲôڸУҲûȥ޹ؽҪˡ
˸һμѾǺܾǰˣҲûָԷϳϸı˻һᣬ˵ˣ㲻ǡ𣿡
ϳˣ˵ʵ˵˻ͦòģԼܹ׼ȷļסȥٲõÿһˡ
ʱ򣬻Ըûòһ㡣
Ϊʲôģʵ
ΪʲôҾΪʲôһЦ
꣬һҪ˰
µԽԽ˰±ʹ뵽
ǴŹΧ˻ģȴʵϻҲЩ֪֪ʲôģϾһֱһˡ
ҾýӸҵȤɲֲ̫̲ͬ˵ҵȤֻվһԿֶѣĲʲô
ղŻʹĻºȻˡ
ʲôҪģҲ԰һѡ
˵Ļְˡ
ǿ治û뵽Ҳ顣
ǸǹȻҲҪġʵңкܶ˶
ټ˵ȥ¾ԼҪͣˡԶһ㣬ԼһҲá
»±øô£˵ı͵͵ĸʲô˵£ʱҲûʲôˡ
俼ǸôЩˣǵ׸㵽ʲôز
ԴﻹиӴ󵨵뷨Ǿ˾㵽˶ôµĵز
ȺֻǼ򵥵ĸһЩС£ôŵҲʦڵز͵͵ĸرر¡ǻ˵ܽһǸµ緭ء
˼˲ٻ²֪ˣ¾϶ʲôΣյˣ˵иС
¾ԼᴿǲͶҽˣԴôԲôĵӵģʱѾ˲ôˡ
˻죬ȻԽԽģ˵Ļ󲿷ֶֻһЩܼ򵥵ľˡ
һκż
ҲżģϾƻôˣۿżƻϾҪɹˣô᲻ż
͵͵Ĺ۲ΧĻʵ˵ڸոմԽʱѿЩѶȣѾȫˣ״еôãܻǺܼ򵥵顣
͵͵һᣬþڽʱ
˵ʵʽͦ˵ĵġС˵Ǹˡ벻ʲôܹͣ
ڣǺ
͵һͷ͸һ˲ѴĴָŪѾʣȻವһ¾˳ȥ
ڸأźȻ;Լһɣʲôˡ

һתͷպÿȥӰõĸһֵҰһ˻Ƶǰܡ
ˣ
ѿڶ֣Ҳһ£˿ŻıӰĬĬһָָһ»µıӰʣʲô𣿡
ûм£׷ץϹˣôͻȻˣӦð
ʲô׷һתͷͿ˽󻹵һˡ
۾һȻͿǸһȳһȳһֿŵٶȳ˹
ȥˡˢӰºԥĵͷܣҲͷˡ
ôͻȻܵô죿ںģĺȻƽȣҲѾ쿪ڲˣò˵һ仰ûаӰ𣿡
ûаֻǡı˼⣬ԥ˺ܾã˵˽Ļ
ƽʱûʲôƢģҲʲôżӣôͻȻˣ

һܵһ㣬̾һ
źܶϤµĸ߲㣬ǿͻȻ׷ŵò㶪е룬ÿ˶㶵Ŀ
˦ˣ˵Ǹô£һȳΪʲôܵô졣
һ²һ߿һˣñǸ˱˿ڿˮʣǻ˺ܶ𣿡
Ǹ˽ŵ¿ˮǣǰ
ޱһϿϲŭ
Ǹͷ󺹵ʱ򣬾ּʣЩ˵һݡ
־ϲǾȻôһ£ϲǿ˵ĻҵôУ˵ʱһ
ڻµȴʱǸ˵¶εɫ˵ûû

ǸЩͶ·ķӣһСıĶԲϷķǹͶǣͳ𣿡




ºȻ˵ô¡
ôһ, þǰм޼ҿɹķӦô졣
µʱ˵Ȼûеطȥ, Ǿͺˡ
ڻԼʱ˵Ļ, ַǳĸо
ʱ֪ôᣬ϶ſϹ˵
µ, ҲǾĴ, ոջŸӲһ˼, ڻѾ׿ˣ·вͨ
ô졭ֻŬ֤Լûʧһ𣿻Щץһ֤ʵ, ŵ˻᲻š
ʻиɥĲ񡱣׼񡱵ķͻȻյǰ, Ȼ˵ˣ᲻ţǻҲóϣԼ˳ǡŵġ
¸ԼĿ, ʵĿڵҲûʲôô, ֻǻ¾ƾܸ״Ӧһ
ȻȷʵӦȻȷʵǾ״бû, »Ҫһ¡
ʵԼûʲôҪĵ, ˵ʱֱ˻ݣȥٲžˡ
ΨһҪĵľֻл֮Щ߲᲻, Ǹ֮ǰҲҵϽȥ¼ҡ
˵֣ʵǡԻطôֹ, ̫
һһ㡭ǻ¾类ɱԽԽԶˡ
Щ˵ж٣ͳƹ𣿡ЩƵץץͷʡ
һʼֻʮԽԽ࣬ľˡ¶ŵǸЩӲ˵
¶ЦˣһƬһжٸӰмٸ𣿡

ǸƺǺ»ԥһ˵һʼֻ˹Ͷǣ֪ΪʲôЩԶĵطҲϹˡ
ǹʲôµԼʵʵĴԼﲻ𣿡
Ϊǰ˺ȻıɫһӦӡ

¾ԼЦ
һֱĴ³ϻڻͦġ
ǻ˵ʲôأȺ˶ɵ
Ϊ뵽ŭЦ
˵˵ЩˡΪʲôΪ
µ۾Ǹˣ֪б죬ɢľѹ
֪ǡ
˵￴Ҳ״ʱĪơ

ӣΪʲôҪץأͽĴѰһµĹС
Щ̫ᣬһֱʮֺӣ˵ƽʱҸ¹ϵͦõģΪ⣬ƫƫǽ졭
졭һ𣿡˵
վƺֱǸȽŲȳӣתͷԽӣȻҲ̫ڽץԭʲôʱ䣬ûǻصϰɡ
ôˣĻͷһۣȻΧĽֵһȱøӴĿȻһؾ޴̻գڰը˿
Ѿˣסˡ
Χ˶̧ͷǸľ޴̻΢ֵһ䣬ʱ̻𡭡
̻һֱĳЩҪӷţô̻ΪףʲôرҪġ
վ˰񵥵飬ʱ򣬿¶ķǰѾˡ
ƺҲ𽥵ԥһᣬǺԥתͷȥ˻֡
µҲ㲻Ҫ¸񵥱ԻǸ񵥸Ҫһ㣬һЩҪȥȷһ¡
ȻѾʱǹٹһᣬ¾øӻҡ
ȻѾˣҲڶʱҵ棬Ϊһû
пΪжס̫ԶĵطԲط
ԭʲôģûиᣬŵЩȻΪ̫϶̬û׷ȥȫǽһ˳еġ
˿Ļ治ԼᱻʰһҪȥȷһԼĿеǼ¡
һǳҪ¡
⸽ת˰죬ﱧһţƤֽһֱҵǸϤӰ˰ȴûҵ
еɵˣ˻µӰҲ˻֮ˣת۾Ͷˡ
⡭Ӧð²۵ʱ򣬾ͺȻΧһ֮תͷһԱߵǼҶķѾһ޴ŲİӳǰҪ˲ܿ滹˽ߡ
ˣٲĻǱ߶ҪһѰ񵥹ˡ˲佹
ôʱ򣬺Ȼ俴һӰӽֵͷ˹
˲Ͱġ
Ǹֻ¥ѣʹ˵߶ڶķǱߵʱǸҲ˲ٵע
һȺ˸Ǹ˵󣬼˶ע⵽Ǹ˿ŵųŵʮƯŮ
ЩŮ˸ɫ㣬ͬʱһ˵߾һܲ˼飬ỹ˽ϳеһЩˡ
ǸĻ
ǸҲôͬʱˣ
ΧзģʮŮ˼ȫǽһʱĻĪʧ˵֮С
͵͵һ˵ǰóеİĶ˳Ȼ͵ӽԱһĻ
֮ͷҲأתܣëըѣҲͷһ
Ǹɵӹ˱ӹĶ
мǸתͷһۻеĶ̰Ѷϣһֻ¥
ЩȥӰ˶̱ȫĹͷһ
оԼѾһ൱˵Ĵ£Լǰ뱲ӵ鶼Ѿˣһ̱϶һŨŨƣ
ڡˡ
Ľ

æصʱѾҹ㣬϶ӿƺһ˵˷ܸС
ʱϣѾյǷרˣֻ¿缷һһ𿴿ǸķǰϵҪ㡣
ʱ򣬽ΧЩ˷ܣ죬Щ˼
һ˸ĺԭŰ
仰ý΢΢һ
Ǹû˵˭ţȴѾ³еδ֮⡣
²
һǸ񵥣Ȼǰ˼ˣǰ񵥱ͷҪߵĶֻ࣬Ҫ΢һܿü
͵̧ͷһĵһ֣Ȼֱ۾
ĵһʫ䣬ǡȴˮ¡
İһȤɫǾʵʵȷдĳ˵ľ֣һʫָʵ̫ˣٶ۵ˣһϳд˭
ȻĻţΧȵ˷
Ҳ˵ǰʱ䴫Щйص鶼ˣ
ôûǼٵİ
ǣֻǾáôܻôȻܻ¿Ͳˣԭǵһ˰
˽յ˫ۣȻ͵³һڳ
һ˿Ȼһ˿ȻȴһֻȻĸо
̫ӣʹɫ·ûҰһЩ
Թ񣬿»ῴһͷˮҲû˻ע⵽

֪˵ʲô𣿡
ԶȺĵطһ˾ĿЩ˷ܵǣķǰʱʱܴ˷ܵʹİǶڶķǮˡ
ڸи˶Щ޶ԣķѴѵĽӽ˿޷ǵȤһ
һֱΪѾˣ˸˼һĺúõģһԽô
һڶʱŪģںܾǰ׼ˣҼƻķǳȫ
˱ǹƵĻҪΣյĶࡣ
ôһ롭˻᲻ŵľٶоЦȻŪһٵ
¼ٵÿһ£һ͵Цɡ
ˣһΡ
ԶոտҪͣµºȻִΧһ˲һƬâˮ֮С
˵Ņ̀ͷ۾һƬ侲
£ʲôˡ
ʢӽ˳ϵһɡ
ȥ


ϵ

Χ˶ɡ, ԭͺӵĽֵһӱø, ȴҲƯһСĢƵġ
ȥˣ·ѰŰӰ, һӰ, ʱĵųǱ߿, ·ķӦЩε˵żڼҲȥ
֮ô, Ҳе˵۵˼ϾǰͿˣû˿У֮£ǸҰ
һŵʱһı飬Ҳûɡ, ·ʵȷ״ˡ
ôôࣿƽһԹ, ҲһΧЩ˵
ԭŰ
, һ¡ƽƴǰڼһܿüĵط͵ż, ڿ˵һ֡
·վԱߣͿŹŵı͵ؿհһ룬˶˻Ƶ, һᣬǿʼֿȫƲס¶Ц, ЦԽЦԽ
Աߵ·ĵķ˸ۣȻͱƽץŸ첲ͻΣûûһ簦
ǣǣˡ·ڵΣֺЦ
Żƽ˿ûйʣµ˾˭һĳȺȻͷ˵߰ɣ߰ɣȥǸѡ
·ں治ͣ׷øɡĵ̫챻ܳһ
ƽǰűţȻ뵽ʲôƵĻͷʣˣ˵·Ϊʲôʫ£Ӱ춹أ
⣡·Ϊƽ֮̾̾ΪҲǹ⡣
ȻȻûĥףʱ϶ڻƽǰװʲô֪ӣ϶ΪĳЩԭ򡭡ԭ򣬾˾ܲ׵ġ
ƽ֮˳˼·űԼ˵Ļƽֺĸо
ɣ飬Ҳɡ

һġȻ𣿡
ôú֣
£źɫ·Ůһ߿˳꣬һЦЦе֡
ϾһֱãǸȤˣû뵽һȻ
Ҫ˵ȤǰҲֻ·һ
ôء¹ЦЦرĺǰҲоҲһˣΪʲôҪأ
ĻǸĿһۣµĹЦӭĿֱ˺ܾãǸ˲˵ҪǰѴ˽ˣһȫʬ
Ǹ˵֮뿪ˣĺ¹ϻϲЦݣЦӯӯĿǸȥӰ
ź·ĹԶһŻϴһֿɰЦʶ˿һΪһϲĹ
Ϥ˶֪ǸǳµķӣԴǰĳЩ֮󣬺ø˵ӡ
ղŸǸ¹һˣһӵһ
̽Ǹ˾Ҫʲô
һֱһĪˣʹǣҲ˵ݾ˭ղѾƶ˳棬Ӧþ硣
˵ȷʵǸ˼飬ͬʱǻҲΪΡǸˡڻ澹Ȼ˵⡣
ԭǸһСķԼеĺӡֿЦ
Ϳʺ֬촽΢΢ֿһʱ򻹷ǳƯЦԽЦݿԽԽ졣
һ޷ϵ˿һ
һǰûмʶ˱ԼĶ֣ǻ̫ȣһСԼģԼƤӵ³ӾȻԼĶ֣Ǿ͵Ȼ˾øջˡ
ƽǹᴫ硣
˵ǸͷӾȻԼǰϵĵһ
ǣǿЦ
¥ϣĻվˡ
Ļ洩һȹڸⳤ··䲻һЩŮ˴·ڻϣȴûʲôΥ͸С
ȻɴϣǺΧ˸һƵģΧȴ˿ûΪ߶־˼
ԱߵһϵľƺƱﵹһƺ󣬾ͺĶƱҪƱ͵ߣȴƿˡ
ں۵ĵط˿֪ԼĽֵ˶һʵŷ羰
¥Ͽ־ϵڿ
֮Ӧһǳµ˰ɡ
ֵмСĵǰţһС˵һͷһֳϣһһСô죿
ˡС˵ݵˡҲֻײСѹͲĺðɡ
ǷңȥֻǸˣѾܴżǰִˡ
Ǵʱ⼸ŵøСһˣЦеΣİѡԼܼ뷨ѹ
ȫǶξ˷ǳʹĻ䣬ʱ硪Ҳǻӳȵ
ӳԼ˵һ䣬ڵȫһ޴ġӡѸԴ˾ǡ
ȫ˹ơ
ͷһǹץʱһ˲뵽ȫǸ˲͸о˵Ǹ
Ҫǻһʶ㣬Ի·ӵ˶ô׵ȷϣϾ⽭׳ƵġкܶҲһ˵ľһƫƫǾǸӲӣʶҲպòôˡ
ȻպþײĲ¶ȷ𰸣ʹ¶𰸺Ҳûʲôá
ú£ǿ϶µġ˵
Ϊʲôô϶أΪոտ˸ճİ񵥡
˭ǰϵĵһ
簡Ļӳֱϵ׶Գ
⣿Ҫʲô
һʶԻ·ǳ򵥵ļһɽ۶ģ϶͵ĥ綼Ѿǽһˣ᲻ЧŰѾĹˣǰϵ˭һ˭ܴĹ˭
Щͨͨûпǡ
տʼϵĵһʱȷʵǾһ£ȹȴܿͽ趨
顭ͨͨԼʶ٣ʱ벻ףֻ˵뷨Ҳ˵뷨ģ벻׺ˣôʱҲǿԼҪȥס
ҲûʲôӣǵǱڵйңȻ󲿷ֶǻӳɵģҲǻӳΪ˰ӳȥõĲѵֶΡ
ʵûлӳȴӴɡȻ껪ӳҲܶôɵ
ǸرĿ¡
һŻˣ΢е㾯ԣһ͵͵д˽
ԣ͵͵ĸԷĨڵ֡
˵⻰ǳյԡ룬ôµĹѵһһһһ̣ɷĺ˰
ǿǵ˼µĹ
Ƿ޷޲ƽŵʱȻļԱȻԼͬĳһ˹ȥÿ˵߶Ʋһ
ôˣڿʲôֵʡ
ҲתͷЩ˿ķȻȻͻӲ
һ˸߸ߵߴӵˣȴûһܹ
Ǹ˾ǼУǸҪϵӡ
ǾԼֱ͸˹Ƶģ˵˭˭¿ʱԼƺͣһ롣
Ȼʱ˿̣ȴ˶Աǵ̾
Ư
Լ˿¥ϵˣ̾˵
ڿ˵ʱ򣬻Ӳһ˲䡣
˭Χ˽ţ˵ˣǿߡ
ҴҵĴЩ˵Ĺѵ⣬ǿȵЩ˸뿪
ΪʲôЩСıԹţͿһ˶ѣ𡭡
ʵеˣɰֱЩȫ뿪
߹˲һף͵³һ
찡찡Ǹľ
żǰţҪһ󲿶ӣһȺ±ǾվڹƤӵµϹˡ
ǰһ·ǺȻһˣǸһѺɫСɡҲ̧ͷϣ￴Էʲôӣȴһ۾ϳ
ûа취ľˣӸղſʼѰůӻš
£ڿʱ򶼺޲ֱӱˡ
ӳ
һɤӹǸתͷһۡ

²͸

ôһ, ǾͺȻùֵֹ, ӳͷһûʲôЦݣֵӡ
˵мǲܵ顣
Ϊ, һֱһ˾ͻЦˣ컪ӳҪǲЦ, Ǿһд, 鷳ˡ
Ǹôʱ򣬾ͺȻµֳϤЦݣͺոյǸޱǻþһ
ǿˣ
ãȻһ£ѭű, ŻǱ˹ȥȥ֮˵ĵһ仰ǣ̫ˣӳ, ҪȻҶҪˡ
ôˣʡ
ԭڽӳ, Ȼ֪ͨ˵ҪԼͷ, ָһ, ˵ҫĵⶼСӵˣʱ㲻ڣҾͳ˴ӳ
ǼһȻǸֻδĶӳæʺá
ǿŻ¾ͷǳİģϾǰϵһ˰, ھԼˡ
һ뵽ͺȻԼǲӦףһ»ӳͶǸӳϲ㰡
ϲң⻰תͷһۡ
԰ǿ˵ʲôһϲı飬;ֻ϶ܵ˵˵Ծʻȥˡ
ǹϲˡЦ˵
֪ü˵Щʲô˵һ䣬ӳһȫҪˡȻͷָЩ˵ȥˡ

ڴʮ֮ǰǸġ
ڿǸ֮ǰлһֱΪдǡӰ춹ֱһ̧ͷǸ¡ʱ˺Ҫͣˡ
ôᡭ
ڴ֮ǰһֱǸлɵ̬ȵģϾ˰ϵ£ܵƵġ
˻ʲôɣνİҲһǸеĸϢжϳ˭һģЩ鲻ȥô֪
²ֿܡ
һǰסˣͬʱ˰ϣ绹Ҫǰһ㡣
ܿǻ¾ͿжǸֻһͽˡ
˵õǻϢҰͬʱһʫ棬ǻ¾ͿжõĻ¥ǱߵϢжӵ¥鱨
ΪĿǰΪֹ׼ȷ֪ģֻ¥׹ۡ
ֻߡѹͲϢֻл棬ֲ²⻪Ҳǿǹģ˵ͨŵһЩϢȷڻԾֻһðƻ
Щ߸ӿŵĿԣ¶뵽ÿһַչÿһֽ֣¶ǹԲߣΨûпǹ
֮û˿йڻϢǽֻһ硣ʫҲӡӰ춹ˡ¡
ֻ˵Ѿƶϳ˻磬ȷǻ¡
ڻУ˻һЩ߲㻹ĵ֮û֪ʵôλεİ˻µǰûֻܳķ²⡣
˿ܸһֱڰ͵͵ĲһģŻ֪ϣϾΪֹȷҲֻǸˡ
鷳ˡ
롣
ǡҪǿĻᶼ
˵֪ԼǸվҪһܵģǻһֱһͶȡɵķŬԼҪȺ˳ͻϣϾʵԶԶ
Ǹ˺Ͱһò˵ǰˣƫƫڻûκεֿʱ
ú롭־ƣڸ˵ζʲô
˼ڤʱͷ˰Χ֮µġ桱߿һۡ
ʵǻ棬С˧硣
ͻ²࣬ǰҲݹһλֹʼʩϾҪԼкܶ࣬϶ܾôȵ¥ϴţ൱ڰԾȻˡ
֪ܶ໪µܣоͰڵʵԶûпôǿ飬ڻ½ʱ˵Ӧ
֪ȥһԽԽ㣬£»Ҫơ
ֹʡ
ԷӴû֮⣬ˣǱץˣ󵽻ЩǻǸʲô֡
ǰˣЩ˾ͻᱻŶѺãʲôġ
ӳǿۻ£ֵֹܾģѾüǰˡ
⿴ܲƽʱµԸ񣬱ϾǸС˵ˡ
ʲô£»ع뿪˵ʲô˼οںӲתһ⣬ˣӳ˵ΪʲôҪɱǸǸǡ
յµĶߣʮС˵𣿡
һ뵽ҲеҲ֪ӳͻȻ˵ǾʱʧصΣա
Ҳ㲻һúõĴôͻȻʧˡ
һʱԱ߹һһСӣǵǰ
һ֧͸ǡǸСѻݸ˻ǣ½˹ãȻĿСһۣСı뿪
ͷ˿ԼеĻ
ƯһӦǸմġ
Ҳյһ֧ͷ仨ʱ򣬺ȻʲôƵ˵ӳûзֵЩ찡
ղʱ򣬾һֱ²һˡ
ܸһֵֻĸоֶǻ֡
õĻƣŮǴƯ·ڽֵţĴ֬ͻ㡣
ȻļǵãӦȫģΪʲôֳһ̰汾أ
Ҳԭ򣬲΢ȶҡӸղžһֱͣʾԼֲط
ʹͬҲͬһط㿴ΧˣģձģоһĴүֵطôǻǸһĵطأ
ȻǻֵֺĸоԴӸղſʼϵÿ˶һ˵˷֮С
˷ܵĸоһɽֻ˿һĲ֣˭ֻУиΪӴĲˮ֮¡
ֵȺ˽ȷʵǲ̫롣
ǾȻ·ͻƽɲôʻõ˰
иոջ¾Ȼ˷һ̻Ǹ̻ŵҲЩĪ²ǵԼǷŹ̻ղŷŵʱһ£ոճİ񵥸Ūķɢע
ЩȻʲôǼһĪľֵֹֹĸо
ֿһ۸ղȥǸС˿еĻüͷС˵
˭֪ء
Ǿȵİڻµ󣬾͸ȫʱһֻҪ¾;رİġ
طûȫô죬ԶԶĿÿһ˶ǺӣǵǱʶﻹǸоһ˵Ķ񺮡
ҲָоطȫڵĽֵйһʵϴӸղſʼ־һֱ׳ĵط
ⲻʲôϵΣգֻһָо
ʱºȻԱߴ˼˵Ľ̸һȻ簦
ǰ
ǲǺ᲻ɱ˺ܶ˰
ǵȻˡ
û²ͷһۣüͷ
˵һĸŮĸ׺ŮƯ˴·ҲǻƵ·Ȼһڻµ쵼¶ٿѰɡǳԴǾûпǵġ
˴Ż·ǻ߳һĸ׵ͷԼŮ˵ᣬСŮıģȥҲĿɰ
µĿ׷Ÿո˵ˡ
ˣˡ
Ҳʶ˻ڿʲôʣôˣ
ǾһԺͨĸŮǸСŮĿɰûʲôԾĵط
»Ÿո˵ĻóȷʵûʲôŹֵģһͻ÷ǳĹ졣
ǸСŮں᲻ɱ˺ܶˡʱɰоһЩСĹһ
Ǹڻش𡰵ȻˡʱҲᣬһŮ˵ŽԼʲôʲôĸһ
ˣˡ
ղǸȻˣһε·ִһЩ
㱼䣬ºǴ﷢ˡ
ǴԼ
Ȼ䣬¾ԼӸղſʼһֱ˷ܸеôһ¡
˷ܸлĲǻµĴΪ˷ܵĸоԼ
˵ѡ
ѣϺĿġ

Ҷˡ૵˵ǾȻ˵ˡ
ôˣãȻʡ
ãȻԼĿڡ
ŵƲȻȷģƿĲ״еĻô硱ȷʵǻʧء
һֱǶԵġ
ôĻ
ȫûи״ġӦŶԡ



, ʲôֵĸо𣿡ºȻʵ
ţǱʵһ㶣˵ˡ
˶ʶ﷢ʲô𣿻Ťͷ, ֻʣվԭء
ãȻĺ, ȵȣӳȥģ
ڼһϵ׷ʲôʱԼе㱻ˡ
һˣȻұķȺǵôˣֱԵѡΪЦ
ʧءΪʲôʧصأͼȥϵһ״УոҪﺰ״еʱͺȻͷ˷ܵĸо͵һըˡ
², ˲ŬסԼҪ̫Ǳߵ, ȻŻ˿ʵ˵ǱߵĸоҲ, ǿ֣̫ˣֵûĻš
޼ɵĸо, ԰µһжץ, ֪ܵĸо
ƽʱٸܵ״ô˷ܵĸо, , ֻ˵״пҲ֣ܿ˵Ѿʧ, û취סԼ
ȵȡȵȡ״з֮о𣿻롣
ҪĻ, һΪɶ״ܴĻڵĳȥˣڴ֮ǰһֱΪ״ǿڿֻܵŹͷˡ
ʲôӰ쵽أ⸽Ĵ, ҪҵӰԴȻĲֻ״һˡ
ϵÿһԭס񣬻Ǹռ벻õķӣϸĻǺҲܸˡ
ק˽ϵһʣڸʲô
ǸԾûëڻקסһ˲ɱ¶˳Ȼֱ¸ֲɱѹȥˡ
Ͱ͵˵㣬㲻֪𣿽һˡ簡
԰ôˣʡ
簡Ǹƺʱ˻µɱиֳһĪ˷ܣǾǵĴˡ
µ۾ʵֻ˻ڶʱھ͵óۡ
Ȼǵó۵ķʽǳļ򵥴ֱȫǿ²ģΪһٹ̵Ĺ
ȫˡǵһۣ硣
ֿһۻµȫˣѵͲܹΪǵ죬ǻô
󣬿ȫ˶֪ǵ컨˾µһˣʱȫµ˶ᶥĤݡ
ˡ˵Щֿ֮˿£Щֵʣ㡭ѵǵ㡭˭
ոջǳ־ı飬ȻıŻֿЦЦķǳֲȻ㲻ǵˣǲھͼǰɡ
¿۾潥ķ˺⡣
ˡȺӳ׷ˡ

ʵǰҲвٺķӣǺûгΪ֪Ϊʲô
վĳ£оԼĪ궯һûûĸоɵʲôĳ嶯
Ӧøɵʲôء
ýһɫϣǺɫ
ճġȵġ
ȭͷһԼ̫Ѩ
Ǹո˵ʲôתͷȥЦſ
ԽԽˡһۣ˸⣬ԱԼȣһһ˵ʱ۵
Щꡣ
ôˣղžȻΪûǸ˵ʲôֱʮֲ˼һ¡
ԼԼľ˵ʲô֪ܶ飬ǰһֱʣȴҲᡣ
ѵ뿪ˣһҪĿ˳ʲô
졭Ҷ˷ܵӰҸ⣬ΪҲЩĪĽ꣬˵곶һԼ졣
˽Ļͷһ£ȻֵָָϵЩǣ㿴Щ϶ʲô飿
˹ȥÿһ˶Ц
ĵЦЦÿһ˶Ц
ڿʲô
ڿġǵͷĿȻǽһˣ̽˵ҲֻǸո˵ģҲȷ
ⲻƶϣǵͷĿ˵Ǹ棬硣㿴ǵӣ޲ú֪ˡ
ȿһȻѻ˵ô׻мֲģ˵˷ܵĵǵͷĿǽһ𣿡
Ҳðɡ
ԤеҪ˵ʲôҪĶ˶
˵ӦһʶǼʹûа񵥣Ҳһֱĳʶ
ȻĳˣȻһڶûУƶ֪ܶһô󷽷˵˳Щ𾪵ġ
˵ڿڣڽǰֻһڵµĴš
жôǿԶģǣͬҲӰеˡ
󣬻ֻһˡ
֮󣬻ֵһ֮¡
üͷ
㿴Щ˶Ѿһˣǲ˵ĿģǴ˻Ǻӣ˻Ůˡ
ȻʵһֱΪֻʹõһʱĴŶѣֻΪ㿪¥ļأȵսӵݡ
Կ˼ĽҲ֪ǰʲôԭһֱԼݣиŵĲ롣
ļƻӦ¥ʱѾʼˡ
ʱŻ¥ļ֮£ûа취ȥһЩ飬Ǹʱ𣬾˻ݣһЩ顣
ҲΪȥ
ΪĻһᡣ
ֻл׿˵Լ仰ȫµ˲Ż֪硣
طһֻҹĽֵɽĿĵط
Ϊǽһֽ֯һĽǿġ
µķӶ֪طȫۼʱ˵ʲôӣ
˿ڿˮ˼
ڷӵ˼ɾЦˡ
ȵ淢Ժ󣬻Ҷĵط
ʱ磬˵棬ͻɽµĴʡ
һ˵ͷô㹻һҹ֮뵽˵
ǸǧѷĻᣬûɻȵķԽ࣬ͻԽӴİ񵥣˵͸
ֶУÿһ˶ϣҪ˺ǡ
νʿǰ̧ͷûһ˸ǰ˵֮ÿ˶ڿ־֮¡
ӡһ룬ǻô
۾ƺĿʲôرõĳһ
ֱʱӡ
Ͼȳһֱһӣʲô鶼ںһ
ȻЩƤˣòϣǸȷʵһ¡
ĳЩطǷ˷һĳݣҰӿ
еķӶһҲƲסĿѪɱ¾зӶûа취ѵ䡣
浽ǸʱǻĻ
òϣԼƮһ롣
˵ֻһ˵ԭ򡣡
Ҳ˽˶֪ͻ棬Ҳ֪ʵͬһˡʱǻڴһ½˶֪һ顣
Ǹˣƻı˶ꣿꣿʮꣿ
ռΪĻˣԼΪһ
桭Ϊıʮ꣬ȫܵ飬ΪǸ˼رܵˣܵزģƽֻһ
ûôϢԴ
е鶼ǽһƴģ£ȴһ޴ƴͼˡ

ʱոպ񻹳ڻ֮е۾
ǸոջУֻʣһһ˿˿
ֻϧͷһ۽Ц
øոջڳԼеĽ˹һĪĿźȻЦ
ϧʲô
һֱ˹ֵֹģȷʵǸӣĳЩȴȫһӡ
ܸӵһˡ
Ǹȱļƻֵ˻̾һ仰
ʲô
ʱתͷ˵һⱲӶ˵Ļ
ǳзʹˡ

ãȻһ䣬ʲô
ÿһǱ˵ʹǰġԵֻϧΪй򡣡
ȵȣȵȡҴû˵ǡ֪ģ
ͨ˵Ƕǿ־岢ҳŹģԷžԵûش⣬ԹԵ˵
ܱǵ£ȺǾͻڡӡôԶԣͻǰȫġ
ǡйһȺĸ𣿡
ȻһֵֺŽеĹƳ֮䶼иӦģƿйƳģֻйһˡ
ǱţҲӰš
ܹзǵĿ־壬бŭϲõһӶѹĸ𣿡
Ǹֵ񣬺Ȼʶʲô
ӶԷͫпԼıҲһ֡
ѹʲôֹĳֶ
Ǳֵе˵ӰɵģоԼƤʲôڻζ
Ǿ˵ġ˷ܡǵصĳӿ
ʱ˿̣ź֪ʶոԼԼоġ˷ܡǴġ
ǲԼ˷ܣǱˡȴܹԼĸܵǡ
ϸĻܲеĹŹ֣ϾոֻΪԼķ
һǵ˹ƶˣһȴ屻˹Ƴġ˹ơһ۽ЦЦ
ƳһֺĶǻеĹƳӦ
֮ǰһֱΪֻ˹ƶ¿ӵ״ȻӵˣӦҲСӦҲǱ˹Ƴ𡭡
Ҳ֪˭ȻýݵˡҲ˹Ƴϰ
Ǻǣǲ˼鰡
һ䣬Ƣ̧꣬ͷԥ˻ȥ
ٷϻݿҲС鶼֪ô࣬²ǡԼ



˵仰ʱ, Ǳܼŭ̬ȥ˵ģڼҸ˴һܣܼ͸ˡ
ȻȴɵģʲôҲû˵
ǿ͸˽ʲôһ
ʱر, ǲǷ, ΪҪǸӣǿһȭ, ͷһô, ˵ʲôҲġ
ô˵Ƿʧزˣɴƹˤֱӿ˳̦ǽϣƽʱ, ϶ôɵġ
ûô˵
, , ʱ˿̱ӰӦòֻһŶԣǸ˼Ȼ֪ô࣬ӱϿȴûʲôӰӡ
ˡһʲô취ܹܿӰ졣
֪һ, ¾ö֪˵һ㡣ΪˡڽеΣѾֱˡ
ʵ˵, ˶ܳΪ, ǿ޷ҲôֶΣһ޾ɱˣԽԽķӡ˵ַҲס
Ϊ仰ͷһۣЦ, ҪңҶ֪Ǻ׵顣
ɣ˵
áʼһֺ˵֮ᣬĻкֻڲһʵѣκС
ôһ㶼ףΪʲôڻûһĹֹأ
˵ˮĿԼ͸׵ָ˵ΪЩ˶ŲǱɱ֮ǰʧȥһǣɳ׵ķӡ
Ըȱݵһᱻ޵ķŴԭͲбľͻҪɱԼǰֵˣԭ̰˻Ҫõж
û桭֮ԥһᣬ̽˵
˭֪ءֳ˻һ
ֻһص޵ĿѣνĹҿһֱȺŪڹ֮еˡ
ĴǲԼɹģǶԼûа취Ƶķӡ
Щ˶̫ˣ˭֪·˷ӣ³Ϊµһʲôأ
ѡһյķ
˵ʱͣˣʣ˰죬һ⣬ĵǡûκΰ취ܹû汣𣿡
񡭡һ
ǽδĻ
ݸղ˵Ļжһ֪һЩǵķʵǲϣڽʧصģΪһʧ˻鷳滹һЩ˽ġ
ЦЦǿһ͵Եĺ꣬ȴߣǵķʵкܶ࣬ǰҲвʹ⣬ͨƼǵֻ֡
һԼʵȻܲסķɣôԼʵͿˡ
ڶʹʹԶ˱ѵĶֻҪһֱʹܻûͷһ㡣
֣Ϊĳֹǿҵִ
˵˿Ȼ䷴ʵ֪һأ
ʵ̫ͻȻĥŻ飬û뵽ôһ䡣
һ䣬һ仰Ҳû˵תͷ뿪
ϣ汼š
ĲĴҴң˿ոձӰģֻһֱĵضȥ

Ȼ״еôˣôҲǶ״мЪԷоˡ
ϵж˸״еϵȻ֪ͨС˧磬΢עһΧ
ڷӵ飬һģΪļѹûκйڷӵ飬ⲿֵ֪ʶ˿ĸˣһֱ֪ⷽʶͦǷȱġ
ϾֻһС֯ûл£Ӧʧˡ
ºǰģģĸо״еԸױӰ졣֪ԭʲôһִĸо˵еҲԣ˵ҲС
ỪѾʲôԳˣԤеڽŸоôһ˿˿ԾĸоǽԾǸ³
ʱŬֻûʱƳ˶̶̼¶ѡ
Ի׼ѹԼȫȥ
һĲһġ

ʱΧһԳԺȺֵǺȻһһ˵һĸоǴÿ˵Ķ
ҶΪֵˣ׼ڽΪһЩССġϷˡ
ոֵĶķǰȻ̧һӳǶķƽдעʱõġ
ƽдĶһȴŲµĶע£Ķעȴ򵥵Ҫ
ֻһ⡪
ڻĿ
ѡһǡһǡ
ò˵ע֣Χ߶ˡ
·ѰҰ;УһӣȻ͵̧ͷ
ǡǸɡˡ
֮ƺ˼һ룬ȻֳŶķķ˻ȥ
ķǰ棬Ҷ档
Ϊľһ㶼Ƕı˵ĶͷһȻ˶ԼĶġ
ѡ൱Ψˣ仰˵ľֶĵĶֶôĶӮˣ
ľ֪ǸǮйصģ˵ųľֵĻǼĶķ
̽־ѹˡǡϣѹֶľ˲࣬Ǿ󲿷˶ѹˡǡϡ
עһ˫עйأעѺǡ˼ʹӮˣҲ׬˶Ǯ
ֵǣǡʾȻܸߡ
ԭڣѺڡǡ٣һȴ˺ܴע
ѺµǮԱߵǸѡҪ߳üԱǸѡעļʮٱ
ָоǳ֣ͺڹáǡʱøһ
˭Ѻϣƽ֣˵Ҷܿĵ𣬶˭ֻỨôļǮѺڲأ
˵仰ͺȻһԼĸ˹վǰ濴˰졣
ȻͳһӣˡǡǱߣתˡ
˻Ѻڲ氡ƽ૵ĵ
ͷ˵֡
¥֮ϵС˧翴˵һĻոմǸǻ档
澿ҪʲôΪӸոտʼһֱûϵˡ
绨棬б˷ֵĿܣֻܽڽֵѰŻӰ
ûС
ҲûС
ųֵϽһߵʱ򣬾ͺȻ˻Ǹǳľţһƺĸо㡭ӱ˵뿪ԲҪñ˷㡭
Ǹ϶ģƺ˵һҪһᣬС˧ò̽ʣˣôˣ
һΣȴҲû
ò˲ȻȻʧ¥ϡ
в˶עʧһ˲䣬˶ע⵽ˣ׷վǱ߿˹ȥ
°һСקԼǰ·˵侲㣬״Сˣʱǧְ
ȻһһƮĸоȴϵĴԼκģƯŵ飬ʱɢڿС
ƺʲôƳѵʶһ磡ȻͺȻͣ
Ĭãһᣬڵϵ˺Ȼ̧ͷ
۾ûʹɫһƬȫȻ˷ܣһƬѪ졣
лҪ˵Ȿȷʵ°ˡûڣкڰɣҾһд㡣
Ĳ£һ뾡ȫ۵ġ
ԼӽĿǰʱûһ˲¶ԵģҾҺǿҾǲдˡ
ͦҵģڿܻҪҵ㡣
ڸ˸齱³Ĺܣʰٷ֮ʮϵԶμӣƷ󣬾һʮС
Ϥһ̣ԺǸ˼ġ
Լÿݸĵʱ˶ȥǵֶٷһΣ
ͷŶ=أ=

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С˧¥Ѹٵһûҵĵط, ƺ׷, һƬĵηǳ˽, Ѹٵһ
˺ܴ֪ڵЩŹ, ǲһһϵ档
밵󽥽ʧ, ǵûʧ֮һ仰, Ƿ㡣
ǡʲôˣ
⴦ͨһ·ӣԭҪٸ潨һĻ¼ģʱЩ󲿷·ֻǶ
С֮ܵ, æѵӵ·Աקһ·ϡ
ȻϵߣĦһᣬԱߵĳ, ŵ, ȡһŲ˵ߡ

Դղſʼһ޿ĸо
ڻûҲûлɢζ, Ȼղôһ룬ܵĿҪը, ΪԼҪggջǻĺúõġ
ƽ̬ͬǣΧƶĻ, ߵķ羰ವģ۾ۡ
˵ڵһμһĴޱȣȴоԼֽţ˾һӲľż
֮෴ǣ˶״˷ܵˡడ
ԣУ֪˺ܶࡣĬĬ˵ǻһ㣬ŵܶ˵ġ
Ȼûд״еĶ״ɷǳ˷ܡ
һû¾÷ǳĹŹ֣ƾɶ״и˵ʱü״оˡ
״ڿһᣬȻͣһ£˿Լϵ·Ȼü¸о״дǺԼ·Ͼʱ򴩵һ
ʵ֤ȷˡ
״תֳŷ·ĵطܹȥˣһ
Сȥ·ˣܹ΢ͣһ˰ɡ
¸о״˷ܵ΢΢̾˿
ղͻȻʧȥ˶ĿƣȻعͷԼ֮ˡ
״ƽʱĸ
¾ָܵҲһԺһĸоƺȥǱĶĳԺʲôġ
ǿԼҪıһĴڣҲĸԼþӣǰһжǻģʵġ
״˷ܵʱҪӣʵǲҡ˯š
ʵϣоԼ˯ˣһ֮ڽ磬ڤڤ֮УƺҲʲôȰô˯ȥˡ
߸״һ·Ŷѷ·ĵطȥ״еٶȷǳĿ죬߽˲Ӱµɨ˶ķΨһĿĶ
ƺˣ˶ΧǸֵĶľֿţÿһȴЦݣƺĺܿĵӡ
ֻһۣǰľֱ任ˡ
һܵǰ棬֮ܵлֵĿһۣ˵ո˭ˣȻΪʲôأ
״˽ȥһţͿԱûбϵĳ룬ȻͰ˳óһߡ
ǻ澭ϵģ¼ǵֻһţڿһ˲䣬¾֪˸ո˭
С簡ȵȣȻˣǲǾ˵û̫Զ
µ۾һ״вûиʲôʱţ첽ߵȻһ¹š
һһ·˳Ȼֱѵ˵ϣ״пû»·ʱô»һԱĹ⣬״ڶ̶ʮ֮ھܰһñɱͣ
״·ʱ򣬻߻ܼ۲һӻԼ״
ڡ۸״˵ʲô״жӣͷǳ鷳ˡ
˵ʲô״жһ״ҪʲôҲ
ʵиǳֲʵϱ״ÿô˷ܵĻ·ɱ֮ǰŻ顭
״һֱ·ãһȥɵʲô
ƽʱܾ״ԭ򣿻º˰춼û״еĻЩε뵽
ĿǰΪֹϵȫһ»ǵһֻԸ湵ͨİ취취Ҳ״ùġ
ǾǴ
¸˵ʱ״Ҳͬʱ磬ųɹһݳ˵Ϸ롣
µҲԳſһĻ϶ҪһĶӳ
£⸽ֻһˡ
ĸһ£Ȼﻺʣ𣿡
ǱʱûʲôӦ
ºȻʲôָϽһ䣬ܲüڶҪ˵˵
һƬֻиոտڡ˵Ļһһɵһ
¸ո˵ʱȻ״еС˧˻һᱻ֪ġ
״еò׼ԻϣǸС˧ʱ¶Լ
Ȼһε⡪ڶ澿ûü¶֪˾ǲǸС˧绪¶֪
һã飬һ֪˵Щʲô
ţڵǳ⣬һҪסҽ˵ĻµһᣬңԲҪ׵ظ˵Ҫװʶҵӡ
С˧䲻ͱ״иֱˡ
ڶ㣬˺ܶˡµûбҪĻʱҪκγͻǵʵǿڻܸϵʱ򡣡
죬Ҫ˵㣬ȴ־Լʲôûа취˵ˡ
ΪھԼ֪ôûбҲǡ
Լ飬ȴһˡ
Цǣˡܲ˵ʲôǸ⡣
ֳĬ˼룬Ȼһ㣬ǵҪ֤Լİȫǧ򡭡ʲô£𣿡
ĴһƬĵģһûκ˵Ĺ¼ŵǡ
··ԼĻ̾˿Χļžӿˮˮס

ֵһƬ֣ѺڡǡѾһѺڡǡǮܶ࣬ģҲܶѳɽߵעͿҪˡ
ʱķ˳ǿӳȥ
һľֽˣȫǱ߿ţĶ뿴ľô¡
㲻ľֵʲô˼ƽһԿţǾô䰡
ոջ·վԱߣľ֣¶һ˼뷨
˵ʵҲǸľ֣Ϊ̫ˣľǸЦ
Ҳľ־濴ô򵥣Ϊ桭ȷʵЩŹ֡
⿴ǡͳ·۲֮Լ뵽
ԴѺˡǡǸ˱źܴȤر֪Է˭ʱķֳˡ
ղѺǮ˿ɲ٣Ȼ˶ֻѺһǮķ˵ĻҲеİɡ·뵽ʱ򣬾ֿ߳˼۵Сǵÿ˶һССģ˽𻨵Ĵӡ
ѽ⼸ŮƯûȻƽ˦·ǸС·Ļһ
·һЦȻԼеĴӣͳʲô·
ӿҡ·ĽӹǸЦŶǸС˵ϧðؤң»ʮء
һЦţһ߰ǳİһۣȻϵЦݾͺȻʧ
Ŷ찡
ʲô
ΧȻ˴˷ڼ֮ڣ˲ըˣ˵ضɽҡһ
ǽӰ
ǮǮ
ЩŽӵСȻСһַȣƺԸոע˵ӽӵĶûгġ
ֵ˲ֽһֿȵ״̬˶վڽֵĴţഩŻŮ˳˽ֵߣÿﶼһŽ𻨵Сӣ¥ӽӡ
һʱ䣬ֽԡ
·ԼеĽӣɵ۰С˵ţ⵽סʲô



⵽ʲôʱ˿, 仰˲ֹ·, ˡ
Ǳ߾Ͳֹһ˺仰, Ⱥ֮мǡ
ԭʵʵĸΧûֵ, Ȼ״, ǽ, û취ٽŵĹˡ
һ£ҪҰһαһ֮, ڻһЩ
˿֮ȫܲ˵ģ䲻Щϵı, ֲ˻Ƿӡ
ŵǲҲһ롣
ƾ״һķʲô£ûа취Ⱥͨ˰
ʱ˿·ͻƽҲ˷Ⱥ֮С
ΧѾȫˣûĳ˶ŷˡ
ǸոǸ˵Ļ˸ɵ𣿡ƽ, ղ˵ôĿĵ㡭ԭ˼𣿡
·Ҳò˵, ʹҲЩˡ
˼·Ļ·˸ܴ󵨵Ĳ², ³˸ոڡǡѺעǸ˭
ղ벻׾ʲôѺڡǡ棬ôһԭ򡪡Ǿ˹ʷ仯
ˡпܾǸֵˡ
Ǵ󷽵Щͷˡ
·µȷͦõģ͸һ˵ĹŹ֡
ķСһӺ󣬲ԼͬԼǮ, Ȼתʧ¥ϡ
еĹﶼתȥȻƿţʱһ, ͳһʧ˴ҵ֮С
ϵǻڻ֮У˵ղŵһоһ˷Ŀһڼȵ˷֮Ժġ
ķǱҲڸոյһ֮ӭ˼žһʮ欵Ůվڸ¥֮ϣһ߿ǣһ߿Լиոձֽ
˻ûϢ𣿡ʡ
ûСԱߵԥ˵ոȥ˻棬ȴ֪һ֮ǰͻȻʲôһͻȻʹ¥ʧˡ
֮ǰǸľȷʵǻ氲ȥģȻʹǻֵˣҲΪʲôҪǸľ֡
ڴ֮ǰҲûпĻ棬ܻһֱҲǸǳִ󷽵ĵطȴҲûġ
ʵ˵ǶԻһǷǳεģ֮ǵĻӦþý˵֣ϵĻ绹һ˵ĲʸС
ΪȻǸݻˣʵȴûиɹʲô̫ŵ顣
Ļ棬˵ĸоЩ˵ķ
ǹ˽죬ûһ
ŮϢ֮ʲôҲû˵ֻǿԼеֽһᣬԸ˵һᰴջ˵ļƻС

ΧŮ˵Ļ֮
Ů˳˼һһľֶ԰ɣ
ڡҲŵһľֶѡ

˿Ǵ󷽰ƽԼϵǿС˵ʲôı
Ҫǿˣ˵ϲ·Ҳ˸ЦΪǸ˳ĺܺÿ
ƽԡСһٺÿҲûʲôϵ
ȲʶңҲʶ
·˻ƽĻЦƽ˵Щʲô۾ͺȻסһλãȻƶš
ڿʲôƽ֣·ķһۣȻͺȻ
߹ȥһźɫ·ŮˣǸŮ˳ķǳƯɢһǻһĸо
۾Ҵһ־޵ɡ
ô߲·ˣƽ·˵
û·ǸŮˣҵĸоЩֵֹġ
йֵֹģ㿴˼ҿ߲·˶ѡƽϸ۲ǸŮ˰죬Сֹ
ȥ·ͻȻ˵
ƽû˵ʲôͿ·ϵĸ˹ȥ
ǸŮվƺЩãӣȥ˻ҪҰæ𣿡
תͷһۣȻЦˣҿ·ˡ
·˰·ֹƽʱǸЦ˵ҪҪһ̰ҶһƬͦϤġ
𣿡櫵ɴ۾·ǳݵӣ˵̫ˣûء
ƽҲӺ˹۲һ櫣һлŮӡ
·һߴһʣҪȥʲôط
櫵ҵԶġұڲ֪ȥˣҺܵ
糤ʲôӣ·ʵ
Ҳþöûмˡ櫵þɥֻ¹һֻСӣԺֻС
˵ŻĹ櫴ӻͳһСӣӵʽʮֵĹӣ˼ͨСס
·ǸСӵʱ򣬾ĪļӸУȵ櫰ѹӴ򿪵ʱ۾Ѿײһ㡣
ǹſһֻССĳӣӰĴһɵһ
·Լ¶ʲôʣСôҵˣ
ڿұʱ򣬻رԾġ櫵ֱþɥӴӸղſʼһֱſڹӵףҲˡ
ǡҴȥҰɡ·˵žת˹ȥĲӿ
ƽ·ʲôṦҲãһ˵Ļ㻹Ϻȡ
ĻƽЩĵӣ·ȴתȥûж˵ʲô
ӡûĻֻһġ
ԣǻͷıã
·˵²ܻбãֻ֮Կ櫣Ϊһ˵Ѫ
ζǳһ·
¸·ĸоһֱǷǳǳ˾һˣ櫸˵ĸоͻȫһ
Ůˡ˵˵ѡ·뵽
ǸӣȻҲУЩ˲һ·һŻ±Ƶ̬ȡ
櫾ֻСӣ·ڽţһᣬͻȻǹﴫˡˣˡ졣
Ϥӵ·һ˲ʶǳײӵ
磡ܿ˿ұ𣿡
·γûдֻӣֻܸܿ
һ쾮һĽṹΧǸ¥ֻ¥ûˡ
·̧ͷܿȥʱͺȻоԼһ
ѽǸء櫵Ӻ洫˹ϧҸʱ䡣
·۾͵صɴ˵ʲô;ǰһڡ
ڵϵǰһ룬ֻһ˫ɫЬӡ
Ǹ¹Ĳһһ뿪
лҪ˵齱Ļǵƽɣߺ3382916ϵҰ
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ոչʱô
һ˳, һɵӡ
Цӭһ, ƺȥסĸ첲ȴĿһ, Ȼ˦֡
ȥͣһ, ʲôûзһЦ
Ǹɱˣ
ҵֻڲʱЩ𣿡櫵ͷ˵
ȥһһɡǸ˵ܲĿĿĽ㡣
˵˵Ķľʲô˼櫲˽һֵǸ, Ϊǵж𣿡
νʲôûа취ѳǵƿ֮С
仰ûκηӦ, תͷһ, ʣô㲻𣿡
ûУ, ʹǴ, ¥ɱʱ, Ҳ²͸Ҫʲô𣿡櫵
Ǹʱ˶ûŪҪʲô, ôŪأ
ǡЦ, ̧櫵°͵˵˻ǡһЩҵĻͱˡ
ַſ櫣֪ϲʲô𣿾˵ϲָƯĶ
ƯĶɱֹɵЦݵ, һΪϲء
仰˵ɫùŹһ룬ĵû뵽֪»ͦ𡭡
ʵһֱиֵ⣬ΪʲôǵҪַʽյ磿ǾӸòݣ櫵ǡʲôԭأ
ͲӦùĵˡ˵
櫾ܿɺܸȤӣʶȤĲٶˡ
ϲƯĶһ˼Ǹ˳ܿ˿طƯ
֮ҫŵĻƣĵŮˣʹǵһҲܸоû⣬һеĹֻ
ҲǸƯŮˡǸ˱櫣Ȼ˵ôһ仰
櫵۾գƵʿһ˲
ûΪȹ֮תͷζȻ˵
櫾Ȼ˼һ£˼˵ҵȹ֮Ƕɱ˵Ȥء
Ҫô롣յ˵֪ǸĹôɱҲҲô˼ˡ
˼˰ظһ⼸֣ȻתͷʣϢԴɿ𣿡
˵ϲƯĶ𣿡ԥһɿϢһ¥ɱ˵ġ
¥ɱ֣櫾˸ոյԥЩŵĶһ䣬Ǹɱôˣ
ںܺá˵Ӧøĳһɢ˰ɡ
δ֮⣬Ȼû˵˼ɱѾѳ¥ˡ
ǰ˵ʱ̫ԲŻԥһ˲
櫵ȷǳЦһˣ˵¥˵Ҳһ飬ܳȥһˣȻֱһ
Щ˲ͬ˵㲻ʧĶ𣿡
Ǿһɡ˵ҸоӦþ⸽
ܵܶ࣬˵׼ʲôʱͻȻˡ˵
˾ǺһϲĴĴ򶴣ػϵʱȺ˾ӡ˵ʱ򣬱ƺһ˿
Ǹ˿ȥıӰûס˵һ䣬ҪģҲѾʮûˣʲôӣҲ˵
ڹ𣿡櫵
ǡ˵ֻĵġ
ĵӺҲС˰
ɢǸ¥ɱ֣ڼ֮ǰҲһǳˡ˵
˭Ҳûϵһλ֮󣬾͸˻һ
˻ꣿ
ôĻꣿ櫵Ǳ͵𣿡
֪һ㡣˵ϧǸɱʲôû˵
ЦһǸɱֻǸ
ɵĲ뿪˿ıӰò˵ʹŮƵĻ֣ҲǸǳĿŮˡ
˿櫵ıӰƺҲ˹ȥ
櫵Ļõİɡ

ˣСҾͿˣҪʲôˡ
˭˵
Ѿ˷ܵ˰ˣȻôĲڱøϱһ̵ġ
Ϊ¼ѹû׼·
״лԼ׼һ·֮һ
·ǳ״еִŵľ񣬻Ļû취ôͬ
ܵ˵ãǻ·ٿţҲûг˵ĳܷΧ
˵״б˱Ȼ¸һʡ
Ƿʡô˵أ
˰죬Ҳûһ׼ȷ˵
ǿţ˵̫һ㡭øǲǸЩ
ܸӣһ֪浽ôˣһ־״оãʡĳȥʲôҪ鷳
ֵĻĹ۲һ״еĻױַšһĲҲ̶ãǰӦǡǿôһ㣿
ҲνˣϾһ״ҪǴߵĻʲôˡ
ԼǰķעۿעһģȻ;ķչҪһĻעǲȫ̵ġ
ֻûעҪͰȥˡ
״ôһעſʱҲܳ˰ɣ¿ֵ롣
ʱĿɲֻлˣиָͨˣž飬Ҳ鵽ͨ˶һɱĵز
ֻʱʱķʽڶעҲͬʱķ
뷨ǳ򵥣Щֻڷ˼ϵʱΪĿ
Ź˽Ǿǵһ׶εʤ
ʱ˿̣櫿ԼڷŵĳӣԽȷ⸽
˵ȥػǰû취ҵ棬ȥػ֮ڶڻѾһͷˡ
ϾϵİǸ˷ǳ̡ӡ󣬡̡һֶĵĸо
һӣϸĹ۲⸽ϸڣȻϺȻ¶һ˿Цݡ
ڶľֿˣԼô
һߺȣ˲ֵе˶תߣֱԽ
ʱ˿̣櫲ͷȥǵڶľʲôֻ˳Ÿո¶ȥ
ڶľֵĴһľֿɽȻͬϾһľֵʱûô
£ֻߺһȻϵ˶˲ʧˣ׷Χ˶ķǰ档
ÿϵ˷ܶԣȻһľֵġ׬ò˶ԵڶľֲŨȤҶľһСʡ
ȻڶϣҲֻдһ⣬һ˵һľˡ
ϣƯ˭

˵صڴǽĦһᣬһ͹šꡱһ¶΢Ц
Ȼˡ
еĳӴʱ˿ʱҪɵȥһʹ櫣ʱ˿ҲòսСӡ
ĵƹܰԱ߼ҹ鵹Ǻ
˳Сĵȥȴ˼ʮ׺󣬲ȵһ·
ţ˭ģ
һᣬһƬĵط䲻һ̧ͷͺȻһˡ
˱һ֧ĶԾü
ҹĹâӣԼ¶˾޵üۡ
Ĵƺһ˿޵Ц

ݣ

֮, ˿ǵڶľ, ûȻعʱ򣬾ͻȻΧһű򿪵
ĹＸͬʱ˳Щÿ˶ʢװ, , ݣвͬ
ǾӸµվڸ¥֮, ǴŰߣǾһӣҲ˴ɴ
ÿ˶ڰڵ, ֻñ˿鶯˫
Щͬʱ¥ϵʱ, û취Լ۾Ҫ
󲿷˶ֻܴͷ, Ǹ, ۾ٶȶЩˡ
ȱŮˣҲȱַŮˡ
ͬʱ¥ϵʱ򣬼ʹʵĺ, Ҳᶯ˷ġ
˶۾ʱǺȻֶһЦȻͬʱ¥ȥ
˾ȵ, ÿһ˶Ṧ󣬾ʹ˵ǰʧˡ
˻ûü˵ǰһȻֻܿȥıӰ
ϵͬʱ˺ֵֺ, Щ˾ͬһһĿ죬ȥҲ죬ȴ˵ġ
˴ʣЩ˶ˣôҵƯǸ
ķﴫһȻǶľ֣ȻҪһЩѶȵģôǶľأ
ֻҪһ䣬Щ˸Ṧʵǣû취һǵķݵġ
ķе˻˵꣬ѾṦ뿪
ÿ϶ԾԾԵɫƱҪҵ֮ˡ
ԶܼһЩȤˣôˡľȻûеһ򵥣Ҳ˵Ȥ
˶뿪Լλãþȫȥ׷ǰЩˡ
һʱ䣬ϵṦŵˡ
ڣҪҵĳضˣĻУҲҪЩ˵֮С

ʱڻֵİ£櫰뽩ǰһˣҲŲ³˵ݡ
ﵹȷʵΪ˵ģֻվſڣȴЩ
ԭ״лױ쿴ĸˣ׼һԼĬһ¾žų˷ʲôģͺȻоžƺ˽
һ룬˵Ȼ˸ҴֵĴŽ
˵ͦ󰡡
ѵС˧ȥˣĪʲôҪ£òôɰ
ǰһ澵ӣԼױģµǿһЩ飬˵ӷ֮͵͵Ĺ۲һº˵ʲô
ˣ⾵ҲҪ˵ֻܿ״ڿĲ֣ԸԶһĵطʲô塣
ֻģģĿſƺһɫĶҹҫ£ǶһƬһ
ôô죿
ɫǵ̺ɫֻǡѪɫ
֪ȻԼѾˣ϶ҲѾˡ
ȫûȤһֻǶžӼüͷûлһ¡
ſԥһᣬ˽ȥ
ĿǸվھǰˡ
˵ھԽԽԽԽ졣üģĺɫ죬ܾüӸкǿǾ벻˵ɶ
ûʱ򣬾͸оһȣȻͶһ롣
оɫ˴Ӻ汧ס
һ˲䣬µĴﶼָĵĻˢˣžǡȥʲôڸ˭˭
ͱ˴ӱ͵Ϯôһ£¾ɵҲе㷴Ӧˣ״лüԾͣ
ͻȻͱ÷ǳžղŻһƣĻһ㶼ˣ˾ֵĸһ˲ĹƵġ
զˣ﾿զˣ
櫾ԼӦòǵһμˣžһǰӦú⸽ҲһΣʱ˿̣ʵԼһ֮ǰǲ˲һ˿ɡ
Ϊ˸֮еġЩһ
ʹ˱ƺȫûע⵽ӣ櫻Īһֲǰĸоͷһ̶ĪЦ
Цôֻ˱ӰͲǰˣ
ǺݣֻҪ룬ʹûеֵˡ
žͱȥԼȵ忿ǸˣһĸļһСĶ˵˵ϲƯĶ
㿴ҹƯ
ѣһڻ¾˭ʱһ
˱ŵĴʱ¾ˣˡ
һǳ״£һʱԲˣֿ˲¡
״бסҲûʲôرķӦΨһķӦлüıͣ
ᵽһɻ㣬⻨ǴŵϴģﰵԵ˵һôһҲ㣬Ϳ֡
ֹǽڷ԰ϸ壬Ʒһ˫ɱ˵֡
櫿˫ֵʱﲻľ뵽˫ŵӡ
沢û˵ֻȥһʽŹֵߣȻԼϡ
ԭôͻȻ֮Уֱ״аߴ֮Żع
ϡ桭״оȻߣ¾ȵĿţ߾ǸոС˧ġ
״иոְֻ˶ѣ˵һ߾ͻͰȴû뵽Ȼߡ
״˵ȷǸǱѰľٶˣϾ״һǳϲñ˿ģˡ
оֱýһʵʵĴţκСһ
ȻǳľȣȴҲĪһǿԲ¶״в˵ˡ
ҵһ㣬¾Ͳõһ״벻Ҫŵʱŵͬǿ̳ٲðץ
ȻЩǺҪˡʵ
Ϊ櫡ڴеӦһʮˣ⵽ƽʱˣ´̼
ܾһ״лͻᶯˣĿǰΪֹбֵĶȽƽһƽ
ʱ˿̴ɱ䣬ǻ»Է½ģ΢һ㣬״вûС
櫡ʲô
ϱӵԭ򣬻һŮ˾;òᷢʲô¡
ϱ״и˷˳²˵״зԭȫȫΪûĻǸʱһһ㡣
ڵҰȫûа취ʲôӣĻһῴһ櫵ײʲôаȻԼײˣһ˵ôһƤĻ
ٶ״кɤӣҪȾ䣬˵һü˵Щʲô»ϣ״סϾڿֵֹġ
ûȿ˵ͺȻ״תȥ櫵Ҳһ˲ӳС
ƵƤһ˫˵ټһһȹڣһǳ˵Ůˡ
ǸˣҲ֪ʵԸӦҲᱻİɡ
¸ôһ㣬ͿԼ˲԰׵֣ĸ˶櫵ͷ
˫ĸ櫵ͷһֻèһ¸ܵǴоǸϺõĶһ
Ҳǳ˳˶״еĻС
¿һеŹ֡
״иµǲͬġ
˵ľӵķḻ¥ʱҲûٺŮˡ곡Ϸ
ʱ˿̿ڡе櫣жĲе״У¶ǲϵ̫Ĭˣôһ
櫸ղһֱûֱӻĪΣУָоԾպҶ۾˿ҳĵط
ȻڻĻ鲻ԽĴһ˿֮顣
ɡʲôˣҲ⸱Ӷѡ
¶һ˿ĵЦ⣬ȻʱĸͷֺȻͷ̧
ǰĻȻһƬ·ĲϱһŴߵ
ǰľԺ󣬺Ȼ佩ӲĵЦݣһ˫۾ֱֱĿŻ档

˳ë

Ƥ, ǻ֤ġ
ڿ֮ǰ, ΪʲôһҪ, ڿ˵ʱͻȻˡ
֪ԼкܴĲܴͬ󡱾һʲôûʲô
һֱھĻԭӡӡ, վԼǿԼġ
櫿˻۾˫۾ӡ۾֮һ
ĸͷ, ϴһʽŹֵ, û취, ȴ˸ϸڡǱķǳ˳ͷ, ·Ϸȴ־ϸĻơ
һһˡ
櫾ܿ, һɲǾжϡ
ֶԲԣ
ڹǲƤҲͷһ֪һ˼ʹǰס, Ҳǻڿĵһ۸о޵ġ
˺עϸڣһЩϸϾµ櫷ָĳ̶ȡ
·, ϲϵɫ·ҲԵü
õͷҲԵôֲ
Ȼ, Ϊصĵط˫۾
˵۾һ˿¶ȣ˫۾ȴһ¶ҲûС
ڿ˫۾ʱȻͽסˣȻĴ˸
ԭڹ۲櫵״, ͻȻ˸
ôˣͷԡ
ʱ˿̻ȻҲ״еֻܰͻȻˡ
ʵڿ۾һ𣬾һܵĳ嶯
ո˱Ūڹ֮УڣȴĪĸоԼٲܣ¾ͻ˵С
沢ûɱ
ֻǸһվ˲˳ĵͷ
͵͵ĿŻ棬ߵſڣ֪Щʲô
˼·ʼ΢΢Ļڻо־壬ҲһϰԴеˡ
ĿΪ˹סĵãԼҲģµ񣬲֪Ϊùġ
ⲻԼĿģȻһֲȷĸо
ˡĻᱻƻ
ͷһζԼʡ
뵽ʱ򣬾ͿȻͷתһʱ˵֡
櫡
֣øոջװȵ͵صɴ۾
ʶ
ôʶ
ȷԼĴûڻǰ¶ԼݣҲû¹κܱ֪ԼݵĻᡣ
Ǵ֪ݣȵȡ櫺Ȼ뵽һ¡
Ȼݶ֪ˡǶ֯Ŀġ
櫸ղŻֻǴ򺮲Ѿ͸ˡδڣͱһק˹ȥ
һֿƻţʵϱԼŵ§˻Ȼͽƿ˵صţһԾ˳ȥ
ƻͨ
櫿ƹʱʶ۾ȴһק˳ȥ
ʵȥΪʽһҵҪԾĿĽ㣬վߣΣԿҪĶˡ
֪ǸˡҲһЩ˽µ¡״̬Ǹ˵ǰǸ˻ôǣ
ȻҲһ첻µزµˣȴҲһĪĽС
ʲôҪģ
¸ոջڿ״к櫵ĻأҪԱˣȴͻȻǰӽǱ任
Ȼš
Ҳˡ
ղŴлûκҪŵͼأôͻȻҪȥˣ
»Ҳûü˵žͿԼǰǷһȥһˣƮģһ
һոܹȥǻһС㣬󻹸˺üˡ
ϣڶľֵЧĵ
ڽֵϵڱŵĻֵĹиǡ
䲻һ濴Щ͵׽Բػ
ȻǡһŻҡҵʽĲ̫һԴʱ˿̣櫻
µĵڶľȷʵǽֶһ͵ֳΪ˶һЩ˵Ŀֵϵ˺٣ṦģṦɡ
ΧЩõĵ¿ãȻı顣
ȻƲ˳ڽʱ²ûпǵڶľ֣ڻôЩãȻ
״֪ô𣿻¿ʼ˻ɡ
˵´ûбŹ״У״żûע⵽ڸʲôҲпܵġ
ʱºȻȺ֮пһϤˡ
ʱΪԼۻˣŬĿ˰죬ȷ˶Ǹ˭
ʢ
ʶûµһ
ʢ߸ŴˣʱվС˵ʲô²²ǻ̸ǰ״ô졣
ץ˵ĻܲǴĵģô͵ĳϣþͨ׵ĻץҲҪעһӰġ
ôڶ˷֮УʢҪ֣Ҳ֪￪ʼ
Ǹǳõ֤µСֶ˵Ч
»⼸ٸŮ֮зŽһֵֵĹŮ
ĺŮʢװϯĻǵ껨Żᴩ·
ŮǽУָܹЩһػúõ޵еϷˣһЩıǡ
ڻµԭƻУڶľֽʱô˵Ҳʱϵĵġ
ûʲôĻ
νͰǰһ֡ճײŵˡ
ɲУʱײϵĻǸЦˡ
ĬĬ״ͻȻԻȥϲ
ԡǲ̫ܵġ
ô࣬ʢǸ൱Զһξ룬ֻҪǲʢЩ˵ע⣬ǻ¾״лߵĵġ
櫿һȦ۾Ƶʢǵϣ۾Ĺ΢΢һ¡
·״пʼжͼˣһ룬û뵽״ûͻȻײˡ
Ҳ״ײϵġġ
ȫû뵽ǣ״ϴԼ·ϻߣЩãȻվڽֵ롣
״пʵϡЩڽϱŵĹûκε
״Ȼͼ㶨ľֵ
վڽֵڿЦҪҿߵëͷСʱȷãȻһġ
¸оԼƺܹӶСӵп״ͷϵʺţҲû¶Ͷȥ
״¶񡭡ʵס
Ȼ״еãȻҲֹֻëͷСֵʱ
˫֣ϵɱ˲ĬĬɢ˳
ɱһӾöʢ̧ͷʼƴĳܻš
߲ѵ櫿ǰСӣѾˣȻΨһԸһ˴ɱʱҪӰ쵽
˶ɵˣһῴǰëͷСӣһῴʢֻͷһ
ν㲻㣬ôĵļƻۿžҪһ
ǧһʱ򣬸ոջɻΧΪʲôͻȻ¶ȵëͷС˵磬ҾǸոտǸҪƯ
ô֪ģûأһëͷСӳһ
ҸоӦǸˡ룬Ҳ˵һ䣬ҼŮˣǲҲܸоĳ
ʲôʱôŮˡ
оָоСӶ𣿡
˲ƴڻʱ򣬸ղŻΧɱݵͻȻΧ˴һůϻɱԴʢһӱԻˡ
ëͷСͼҿߣȴǰġһ䣬ʧǵǰ
ȵȣ߰ں׷ߺ
ʢǱ߿˹ȥǱߺֻҪһ΢΢üë
ʵ˵̫ϲԵЩḡľٶ
ﲻһ¡
ǸղȥʱṦӣĺ

ԯ

ڻ֮ش, ˸ӯӴڱеӻҪӯ
˵״ж·ױݵ, Բ˵ѧⷽ⡣
ʵϻŬѧ˺ܾ, Ҳֻѧ״һѧƤëϱӾٿˣҲ˵书˵ȥᱻ򱬵ġ
֮ϴţʹôСĿռ, Ҳû˿һ㣬˵һ櫡
һȺ˴ͬ·ͬΣͬ߻, վһ, ôҿܻͬʱĿˡȻһṦԺ, ҵֻἯһ˵ϡ
櫱ק, Լ֪Ҫ۲컨¶Ի书һµ֪
ַǳµ֪Ϊڴ֮ǰûп书ô, ȻЩµһ˵ĳƺҲ˵
ʵϱںڣĴƵߵġ
櫿ıӰ۾ð˹ʡ
ǡ
ڲⵣı˿ͬʱҲһҪ¡ǾԼС
ʵӸղſʼ, ;ûһֱǱͼ˰죬Ҳֻ뵽һԭ
Ǿǻڵһɱ
ɲ˵ое, һȽձ鱻Ͽɵʵǣ˹ƶҪѪɱ¾ŻԽԽǿģÿһ϶մ˲ٵѪ
ЩҪڶʱڱǿֻҪһʽǾɱˣɱԽԽá
ַʽܲ˼飬ĵȷȷһݾ
Ҳ˵ӸţʵҲȷˡǷӿµġ֢кܶ˻Ϊ˱ǿյġ
ʵϣھѾˡ
ĻֺȻıʲô櫲²͸һߣΪڹؼʱɱأ
Ҫ֪ҲһСɱһҪɱϼʮͨ˻ҪõĶ࡭
ɱ˻棬ôڿ϶ԥɱ˻ˣʱһι
ֻǿϧ
±Ϊ״лᵱkoģ״оȻֻǰ櫴ţûҲû
ûĪ֡Լ޳ˣˡĸоͬʱҲĪе㵣ģ״ⲻԳһ룬ʲôùɣ
״һ㣬߰߰
ֻڽĹһȦȵӵϳʱѾ˶ʮˡ
ЩɵӣȻ׷ˡǲҪҪء
ʱ˿ߵǸ˲֪ЩʲôҲ̼ʲôµͷ
׷˾ǰ档
أأ
һȺ˾׽ԲһڴС֮бţǰŵǸֲˣʱ˿ȴСһôɡϷ
ԭлڱ׷ţͺȻԭԼͻȻͷˣЩ˶ȥˣȻͿڱһȺ׷ŵˣ̶ϵߡ
һ˲䣬ֶ˷ǳֲĻ֮Ул˶ˣôͻȻأ
ϵĴ档
Щ׷ˣ

㣡˰Щ˶
Լ˶ٻҵ״дʱ˿̻һ֪֪ǲǴ¾Ȼе㿪ģ
ԶԶ׷Ⱥ﷢һϤӰǰһ
ϴһŰƵߣǰù˵ģټϵ·ûһ۾˳ӦС˧硣
´ü˵ʲô𣿡
˵ͷ͵һ̧µһϲȻ
˲ּ˵ڵ״һ⣬ڱ̫ԶҲñ˷㡣
ǸС˧粻ײĵͷ˲еһʯͷ˵ء
ͷһ̤ʵĸо
̫ģ¶ڻ״һ֪״̬С˧ҪܸĻҲڶǰ״һĨڡ
ͬҲעţǳĲʣһֱڹ۲ܣʱֹЩˡĳ֡
Щ˿ӡ
Щʱƫƫʲôʲô
櫸ôţתͷͿһˡ
ķߵƺӲһ룬ķ˹ȥȴûһ
״ŵ̫ˣµܿ󵽵Ǹʲôˡ
źһ£ִ˾ôԸС˧磬ȥԱȺңûԵùֵֹģҵ˾̰ץ
С˧˲ʧԭأǳ̹
Ȼͷи׵İֿá
±״뿪žͲע⵽ˣԣ뷨ѾʵֲˣĿԹѩķʽۼ
кܶԭûʲôȤˣڿôԺȻȻҲһЩֵ˼
Ȼ󣬾һ˶˶ʣôˣʲôˣ
Ⱥ֮Ȼŵڶľֵ飬Ⱥ֮в֪ĸçײˣȻʹһƯҵˣ
˲䣬ֵŷ˶߷ӵոԭñķ˵Ļ˲ɵۣһʱֻ춼첻ߵ߼˹
ȵǰΧԺ󣬿ľһһµġվȺ֮УܿţΧ䲻ΧôˣΧţЩɬһ
ʱ˾ǺܹŹֵ
ڵʵʵģǵΧΧô˵ʱ;Լһۼֱ׬ˡ
Ϊˣֻ˻һ۵˶ںĵȷȷǸ˰
¾״Ӧǣǣǡеɵˡ
Ͼϱ״геʱΧɽ˺ʱȥˣɴûһȺΧһߴͷβĿһǱǺˡġ
״ɵ˵ֿ
ڻʱ״кȻ˦ӣӺܿ󣬿״лӳһʱΧ˶ĺһ˲ǰһƬյء
һֱİڻߣܶܲˣýͷöģᷴǲ˫۴Ż档
ӸղžֻΪҪߣΪλôˣ룬ĪǻһҪѾۼȫɱ
Ŀǰ״ѾˣɱȥĻĻᵱһֻ֪ɱ¾Ұޡ
һƬ֮У˵ӿˡ
ͨͨ
ˡ̲סҪɱߺȻ¶һ˿˿Ц

ͬʱҲ״еˣԼоˣϾȱͷĸоǺԵġ
Ĭһ룬Ĭ룬Ĭ˰ӡڳĬˣһģڵģӣҸͶˡ
״ܲܳϢһ㣡ô˿㣬㼤ʲô
ƽʱ㣬ôûôأ

Ը

Ⱥ֮, ĳһжЩȳҲԽ
Ǳ߿˹ȥĽű, һӰ, µ˶, ǷһĶһ
ķǱ߻ɽ˺ģƴ漷¿Ƶġ
ˡеΣհС˵ֿ˿Լ¶ŵǼ, , ˵Ǹȥһ, תͷء
ƺһ, ȻԹԵĵͷЦ, ˶ںˡ
Ѿʼ𽥱, ղԱ߾˿¾Ҫֱӿʼɱˡ
˵ҾЩû취Լֵ˵ķˡȻһɫ, ɫԭǳƽ͵ͻȻú
ԭƽķΧȻôһɵѪ
¸оԭڷٵ״кȻ̧ͷĳһ, ƺӡ
¸ղſʲôûиܵ
ո״пʲôʱ, ΧЩȴ˼·
Щ״Χм˴󺰵, ժǿ
԰ǿ
ղŻӿڵǸȳڶ˶ƺҪӡ
ʱ˿, ΧмĻȻ䳯źһǳɴṦʧ˵ǰ
ߵĺͻȻͷûи¡
Ǿ˵ǧٱϻȻ⣬ֻҪǽС
ΧôûһܹסģֻĿԶȥ˶ΪȥӰ
ˣֶ̧ͷһ۶棬Ҳ¶һ˿˿ȡ
˵ĸо𡭡
ǲûֻ̫ǲ˲Լմ˺ɫ֡
һСġŪء

˼ֵʢʱ˿Ҳٵĸ˹ɾͺͻôһ㣬
ʢŴԭûģΪֻרĹ۲һΧߵŲͻȻ˵ƳǸˡ
ǸľʢȫǺ֣ͬʱҲػһʱֶΡ
ò˵ֶλĺЧʢȷʵĿǰ״һĪչ
ΧôһȦ˶ԺˣôȺ֮пסһܲ׵飬ھҲ˽ֵĸһ
ʢһͷͷ
ǸʵıʢǸôʱȴȻǰһȺ˶Χ˵Ϣʱ΢
ȻĿǰľûʲôԵãôܼӿľ֡
һڶľֽôһδϢĿյǾٺòˣʢóȥץ档
ԭʢôģŵ˵һ仰ȻӲˣ亹Ҳͷð˳
Ǹ˵Ǹϴһŷǳصߣƺĳֶʽ滹˺ܶصĻơ
ϢһʢȻ־ļȱѪ
Ͻ˹ʣǻʲôӵģϸһ˵˵
Ǹ˱ʢôҲһ
ϸһ¡
룬ĩβֽһ䣬һ·һЩֵĴţ˵˿Щ졣
񡭡ǰػһ輧ߡ
ʢ΢΢Ķһ¡
˼ͷҲصľܡ
ոջڸЩ˶˦Ƕеɵۣһ׷һߺ㣡Ҫȥģ
û׷ϻʢվԭش˰Ĵʱ˲Ÿϵ
ɻʢô˵ʱʢüͷ˰˵ԼĲ²⣬ǸˡӦǻ档
ʲô
ɣ
ȻΧҲˣǵķӦȸոյʢö١
ǵķӦ֮пԿĳǶʢĻʵôš
ʵʢҲЩãʵ浽֤ˡ
߹⽭Ϳ˲֪ٴΣڻиݼ˵ͼʢȷԼǴġ
𻨽ַʽʱ˵ϡˡĶľֽȻǻ·ǸʢԾ
˵񻹲ûʵòʢֻ֪Ǹˡ
һʢ֮ҲԽܣֻΪҪô
Ѿʱ䲻ΪλҪһ٣ݱ¶أ
ѵ˵ʵıⲢΪʱ䡭
ʢ뵽һͷĿܣֿ˵ױЦ
Ǿͤ¼дӽĹֻ֮˵ֿԡʱǷǳ϶
һǳȤζˡ
ڣʢһݴʡ
Ǹǳˡ
ܺÿ𣿡Աŵ˺ãȻʵ治ǡͦɷ𣿡
ڻӡǴ󲿷ֻڻӦǸԸбʮֽƻϡ
ʢһڳΧʿ֪֪ղǸߵȥˣȻ󡭡ϵһ½
ǣ

櫱ק˺üˣڷǳò׼澿Ҫʲô
˵Ի˰ɡ̫˵ҪɱҲ̫
һ߸ߵ
ߵĽ֮һ¿һѣθС
櫱ʱһЩãȻʱȴȻſ֣һϷ
һƬƻԻ͵ľ󣬴⿴е˶С˼Ȧ·Լվ۷崦һɽС
櫱ֻǹ۲Żģ䲻תͷȥҲľסˡ
֪УҲ
櫺ʱڷ֮
ߵʵ̫ǿûʲôֻΧҹʵ̫Щԡ
Χһ΢紵˿ϵĻĳ֣£˶
²֪ʲôѾǳˣ׼ԼƬͿһԿֵ龰ڡСŮȫԵż
ֻǲ֪״ɶʱô±Ϊ櫻Ǳľء
ݶϴһ磬һͻȻߵʣڿһԸϣʲô
仰͵ػͷǱ߿˹ȥȴֻ汳ͷɻڷš
ʵ⧲ȴҲ˲һѶ
Цţŵ㿪ЦζƵ˵˵ʲô㶼Ӧ𣿡
˵˵һء
شʱ򣬺΢һ͡һ˺ܶ࣬ƺҪ˵ʲôԸȴڳĬһˣʱû뵽лٸ㡣
лᡭ𡣡
վֱӣԶƺûа·ϡ
ڳ֮Уֻһ˵ľκˡ
¸ղŲ㱻ԼƬҭ״ʳǸ֮
һԸر椵Ļէһûʲô⡣
ǡ⣬״ͬһʹ

Ǹˣϱӵԡ
ѵ˵״ô׵ؾͰȡˣ
֮ҡҡͷ

黹Щ̫ͷ
ļǵϱʳʱЦŵģС¹һ
ոڽϱһȺΧʱֵ
ɸո仰ʱž޲ƺûκε
ǵˡһ˿ֻܸ֪ĺ⡣



վôߵĵطȻû˷, ոսϾһֱ, ᷢټ, ȫһѷӿȥ
ֻǺܿһε⡪̫ˡ
˵˸߱, ŴķӴ󲿷Ҳ, Ѿͦ˵ļޡ
ֱӴӵϷ, ǻ˾Ҫһһ
Ǵ, мһʱˡ
ܾøղ״еĻį}, ״òĥʲô
Ȼһ£Ҫ˵״еĽ黹Ǳúܶģֻ󲿷£״ж̫Ըȥô, ͷһξȻˡ
ͼ¥ݣֱṦ, Ȼ¾ҹ۲һĻֳ, ˴ȻȻҰĳһԾ, Ȼ˿ûʵĵϡ
ſ, ¾ȻЦ, ȻʶӦ״Ц
״Уܲ΢еŵĸоΰ
ʢҲǧ׷˹, ͬҲⲻΧȺɵһ֪ϻҪͷӬһײ
ѹûͼǾ۾Ĺ۲Ż, վǸź·Ůˡ
ԭǻ𡭡
ҲʱʢʶԭղԼǸıӰǻ档
Ҫ˵˴߲˵ʱȫǸеġ
ֲΧһȺ˰˻ءʢĵ
ʱƴİѻģͬʱҲŬĹ۲Ǹˡ
ǸһµСʵЩ죬ܾԼĵ֮м
ʲôš
ԣ櫡
ʢ˲ͱþ
СɲʲôƲ磬Ըֶζǳбˡ
ˮһֱΪӦһͼ
˵һֱûвʢ벻櫾Ȼʶ
ѵ˵櫱ǻ棿
̫ԡ
ʢ۾һ£Ȳ˵Ǵû˵йϵ飬ǻڵӿҲ̫ͷ
һǰһ󣬿ǳܵӡ
ʢѧܶ˵ʲô
ߣԷ˵ʲô櫵Ļȴˡ
˵ʲô㶼Ӧ𣿡
仰ʢ˲˾֮ġ
ˡԽΣˡ
ʲôΣˣԱߵʡ
ϵ𣿡ʢû̻ش𣬶һ⡣
ϵˣں档
ھȥʢ˵꣬˺档

һӣղתһȦûҵ¡
εĵطҿģû뵽ʱͻȻյŵϢ
һȥˣƽʱҲûôܲذ
˰Ҳ˼⣬ֻĪпһеҪǿץһèèһ
ʢ߹ʱ򣬽һЩеû顣
ʢʱкȴûʢߵˣֻͽ
˷׷ȥǰһĻЩȵü
ʢҪ˵ʲô£ȻҪߵˣ
ֵطһǲӦ䵥ģʢЩ뿪ⶣԶЩⱾǼˡ
ʢһۣʢ˵һ⣬û桭ڵ״Σ
촽˶˵˼֣Ǻܺá
ոȥתһȦֻ֮ģϵЩڻķԿԿӵһҰġ
Ⲣ⣬ǽһȦԼеͷ
ҲţǵһȦԷԼҲЩѹסɱˣҪһеɱһĳ嶯
ⶼֻΪΧ˵ӰѣվĻʱ˿̻Ǹʲôĸܡ
Ҫ˵˵׻漣
ȫǿ֣ʢŽҲôΪ
ǻڿܱһǡ
͵̧ͷѿڶţƶ֡
Ϊʲôԭ򣿡
ʲôԭ򣿸ոպ˵껰ĽＸ˲뵽𰸡
ʵǿԳеסַ
洦ĳʹ֮С
ĳִ
˵Ҳһǵķϸķͷһ˵
ڽֱøĪһ㣬ǰֻΪǸҩͻģȴý֪˵һЩһĶ
ʱ˿԰ѴӸոպԻеóĽһһʢг
֪Ϊûô
ƺǹһ㣬ֻǵǰʲôʹ£ûֻߡĳˣ
𡭡ʢĵô³ģ
ĿķӲ𣿡ʢ̹̹˵һ仰
̹̬ƺǰʢҪ˵Ļ˻ȥ
֪ΪΣڽϲʢԱӡ
ʢһᣬվ˾νȵġҸոտһŮվһƺ˵Щʲô
Ůˣ
ǸŮ˵ݺ⣬Դ̬Ҳ⡣ʢţΪ˲ʱûзġ
ƺǱϢһʱҵЩز
˺óóʱ䣬ų˵һ֣
ĿˣʢӺܾǰӦ֪ĿΪʲôڵġ
ĿΪʲôҵȻС˵һ䣬Ҿˡ
֮ǲûټȥˡʢ
泹׷ǵá
ĳˣĳ֯ĻͻǸ֯һѵ𣿡
ʹͷһ¡
ǸŮ˿ɲһ侲ļһʢǧ˵ܶһ˵
ƺǱʢĻ
˺ܾ֮˵㲻ܰȫǿӸңҪʲô飬ֱ˵
Ҽǵáʶ԰ɣʢŽĵƺ滹ѣ
ǳ׳Ĭˡ
ûϣΪŵıһֱţҲûдԼϵܺõ£ֻдν
ĪԤУһֱͷҪܿʢ۾
ŵֶʵһģܲ²Ҫʲôˡ
ȻʱʢȻʲô֮ԽѹֵĶԻأ
ղһֱͷƺڵƵĽ͵˿
æ¡˵ԱߵĽֵȥ˿
ˣͽȥˣҽڲĿҲһ¾ͲҪˡʢƺǲ
ᵽɤȻžʢ˵Ļһȥӽ棬ݣؽӽӦøһ㡣
ȻҵһʵĻᣬɱ



ɱ˻桭ǰʲô˰
ܶԻĳ, Իһ֡
ȷʢ˵⻰ʱ򾿾ĻǸЦġ
ʢָʾ, Ǳߵ¥˹ȥ, ԶͿǱվˡ
ȻⰡ۾, ˣһſ, վһź·Ĺ, ˿˵ɲŮò
ԶԶĿǸ¹˵ʲôȻ¹ͻȻЦһ¡
Ȼ, Ǿе˰
ĬĬתͷȥԱ߻ڼѵ¥ǡ
ûиȥṦˮƽ, ֻҪ΢õҲֱӷȥ, ĸԸš
Ϊ³˻ֶȤζһҪЩʲô

ʮӹȥոһʼѾҪǶˣֱӣתͷ櫵ˡ
櫿ͿҪ, ֪ΪʲôȻЩȻԼƽʱҲϲˣ˵, Զڻʱ˿̵, ֱǰס˻ĸ첲
һԾ, ӰһβԾˮе㣬˲ʧ
һȺžǴ󺰣ûüˡ
˻ȥķ򣬺ԥĸų˹ȥ
żҪС˧û, ȴȺ֮ԼĿһϤӰһ
üͷ
Ȼڴ֮ͥ׷Ҫ֪ɲ͵͵ȥ֬ҪʱΧɻŲŵˡ
²ŵȺ˻Ը⿴һ棬ҲΪһðʧˡ
ʲô˼Ҫʲô
벻ͨ£յʱ򣬾ͺȻߵ˵һ仰롭뿪һᡣ
µȴ״еķԣû뵽Ȼܸɴ˵ԡ
Ȼͷſ櫵֡
櫿Ҳû뵽ԼҪȻôľͱӦˣ뿪ʱЩš
ʵֹԼҲš
ι״Уղ㻹һֱק𣿶ˡûгΪʲôô
ȻԻһᣬŵͷܣܵٶĿࡣøոջΪ֮ʢӶ
ʲôҲûֻǾĿȥıӰ
ĩˣȻӻͳһ
¿簲İѸոץ櫵ִֻͷβһ飬ָ׶ûзŹ
ƣֱڸһĵһ
ĩˣһӡ
һԿëȻ
Լͷһβ²͸״ʲô
˵״ƽʱͦµģǻҪ͸ѣǻͷһԼ״Щʲô֪
Ͼ״дСļ䶼Уͺǿһܺôһһ쿪֪Ҫʲô۶ӡ
ôܻʲô²͸״أ
һ»һֵ飬״Ӧʲô鶼ܣʲô֪Ϊϱǰһʱӵġ
һȻ֢ı֣ߵ״ڰһĿ£Ȼ²ĿʲôҲ㲻״оҪʲô
Ҫ֪ϴ״ܹԼ⣬Ұһ»ûʱ
ܹһƻж籾һַǳֲĴڡ
ڵĺżҪȥΪľֵʱۿžͿҪˡ
еЦĸоŽˣԽȥĵľֱȽ⡣
Լû취ţǻľֱһ˿ʲôġû뵽תͷͱ״ж˿Ȩ
ĳǱߵڿľֵʱҲ˰죬ǣľֵҲżڹ涨ʱ׼ʱȥôľ־Ͳ÷ųزȥˡٽľַų
ۿž滹û񻯵ǸزǾڶľֽʱҲԶˡ
ˣС˧綼˦ˣһȥ˰һãȻ
˵㲻㣬־ô˼ɡ
УУ㵽ܲ˵ʲôһĽ֣Ҫǿ۵Ļ鷳ȥһ˶ķɣһٲȥĻµģȵľ̵ֿʱˡ
ʱ򣬺Ȼ״еĽŲһ٣ƺǻ˸򣬳Ŷľֵķ˹ȥһ̶󺰣״Уǲǣ˵ü𣿡
ûκηӦ
ЩΣոջΪ״ü˵ʲô˷ܵĸһ
ᷢ״ӦֻżȻ⿴һҲ˵ʲôӡ
ԵղŵļͷĶɵһ
һԱˣ״еһͣ
ǰ濴һʶˡ

˻ˡ
·ڽϣԱǿĻƽ
ôԼӵģƽһţһЩߺͺ¡
ȥҵʱ·͸һһſڵϣΧһ꣬ܵʪ͸ˣһ̲ɫ˳ˮһ𣬻ϳһʮ˲Һ塣
ƽʱŵþͷһҽС
޳ʱ򣬾ͻȻŵ·졭Ѿ˺þˡ
ƽæ˲ñģȥ·Ĵӻͳһ˴󶴵Ʊһ߰һߺˣһˣʱ򲻵ò˵Ǯһö
ͳһƱԱߵϣƽĶˣ·ƵģӵĶԻƽ˵߰ɡ
ȵȡƽָŵϵƱ·ҪҪĻùȥˣ֪ǻղա
Ҳ˵ӾӰƽһѽƱ˵·Ļ·˿ƺֳһ£۵ģ²۵ҪǮҪġ
ڽţƽ·һҽݣ·ȴʣڽʲô仯𣿡
ûǸղһֵ顣ƽҸղ˵ƺ˵ģ˿ܽǣ
·仰ûʲôӦƽСղҿӳǱ߹ȥˣ֪Ҫȥʲô
ȵȣ·һ£ȻȥǱ߿
ӻԼ·𣿡ƽ󺰵
·ŤŤ˼ȻߵĶһת۾ʧ˻ƽǰ
ƽżеѪһţҲ׷ȥ

·׷ȥǸվš
ǰĻ棬˵Լҵˡ
ھȻһˣ߼ûиոǸ¹Ҳûʲôˡ
ýĪһ
ĬĬ룬£ɱʱ벻ͻȻְ
ȻʱпҲһɱ

񱩣

ôͻȻˣɻһ, ĳһ󵨵뷨
ܲܰнæ֪ķǱ, ǧ𽫵ľַų
һʼȻĪľ뷨ôָͷ, ͻȻԼ²ǴԶ·ˡ
ˡҲʲôƲ簡
绹ʶ, ֮ദʱܱȻ¸ദʱ䶼ҪԴʱͽȻ
Ż, ̾˿̫ˣԭ, ҲΪʧء
Ҹʲôĵ
Һ㱻˸ץˡû˵
߰ɣȫ㣬㲻᲻֪ɣ˿ɲһĶ, ھͿԸ㣬Щ˵ǳĿֲ, ǵҲǳĿֲ
ڸʱһͷˮ˵ǾȻôͶˣ
Ӧð
ǽ˵ȷʵȷϢ, ϢӦô򵥾͸߻ġ
뿪ˣ׼ŵһ𣬸ǻˣҪ֪ǻڿǳĺأȻҲ֪ܳ϶á
¿ֵ뵽
״гŽǱ˼ȴȻͣ, ˶
ţңźɻ˹ȥ˰ӣŸоȷʵ˳߹ˡ
ĵһ֮ǰʱԼվһս֮ģʱ˿ȴͻȻʶԼ֮侹ȻѾôࡣ
桭Ǵʲôʱʼǿأ
Ǹ˽ŲЩ鸡̫ܲӡ
װµתͷԻҪȵǸ𣿡
ȵȣƺ˼һ£Ȼ˵ȵȡҲδɡ
ͽôڵվǸ׷һ㶼Ǹ˻ʲôвӡ
ʹ·ʱһ
û뵽˾Ȼ˭ûжӣվ죬ŵ֪̫֮·˲Ͷ㵽˷ӵĺ棬͵͵Ĺ۲ǡ
վǱߣǸˡǸŮˣ
·ҡҡͷԡ
˺һʱǸֵˡ
û뵽˾Ȼһ죬֮ʲôϵ
·ֵ֪ݺ⣬û뵽Ȼܸվһӣý·һ˲ֱø
Ҫ˵Ϥ˺׻һǸ񾭲ģ˭ܿǸŵԱ
ϱӵ״иʱ򣬶һǸ˲õ񾭲ء
ϾϾױ֮
ǸѾ˵ˡ·СĶԻ˵
ƺҲ·ķϿһۣûʲôʾˡ˾Ȼûж·ֵ˼һ¡
ڵҲֻܱ֤Լɱ¾֮УȻʱ˿̾ȻҪ侲ǵӡ
֣ͬʱֶԻ˵жôǿ˸ֲĲ²⡣
ƺڶԶڷǸʧȥеȤ˵Ťͷߡ
״æȥ
ƺڸǸֵˣ·ϾѾµˣֵ˾Ȼܹ׷ȥ˵˵ҲһΪ⡣
ֹ۲һᣬȻʲô
ǵõǸŮ˵ΪģǸǸӰ졭
ܶԳӰ·ֻʶһ
Ǿǻͷ
ʼĻɹǸŮ˻᲻ǻͷãڱͱһѾȫôˡ
ͷһô̬ãǼֱЦ顣
·֪Ϊʲôôȷš
ʵ϶ѾĴڣɲ֪ĿǰûжֵĴ㣬Ǿøɵһеʤ֮䣬ԷŹ
ȵԶԺ·žԼѾȫˣˮѪˮһմϡ
ԣʱ׷Ļƽ
´ҪҾľȲˡƽ·ǳ
·ЦŵҴˣҲΪԼҪˡ
ƽҧְ·ֱӰҽȥ˵ȥĻֱӴΣ˭֪·˰ֵȲùңһúõȥҽݵģֻȡһ
ڻƽƵ˵иСӣҷһˡܰȡ𣿵ƹ˵ǸؤиĶֱùҾͺá

ͻ·ϣðѻһط
Ҳ֪ŵ˼ûʱֲϣ֪µ֡
һ㣬ǽɱ˻棬Ǿٺòˡ
Щɵ˿԰ｭһѣɱ˻һǡ˵ڵܡ
ҲĿ˱ĿģֻȫԼɱ˻֮ʲôӡ
Ⱥ˶жİΪʲôɱ˻ܱ֮ǰ
׼ôǺȻھôȥĻҲ϶䲻ʲôùӳԵġ
׼İ취΢̼һ»档
֮ΨһܹõҲֻ֮䱡ġꡱ
ڻǰмֱģҲΪʲôʻʱĬһԭ
Ҫ֣޷Ǿƻ˶֮ǵ㱡飬ѡҲİ취
֮ܶȵûţ졣
Ϊʱеô
һžСϣţͻȻ俪˵Ҳʶһ˰ɣʵмܣһֱûи㡣
Ҿѣµ֪һЩܰɣ

¾ýֱǹȥһĻĻ֡
ʷֻصģڴŰСʱǰո״ж˵ϱӶ˵Ļתͷϱӽ״˵Ļ
ּӸУûºܺ¡
ΪϱӺⱲӵѾиܴĲ״Ѿ¥ˣϱӱӦggĻҲɹ˽
û´ۣȻʷվûжȥת
ûд仰ʵϱҲͬ״˵
Ȼ֮ϸ΢ĲȻʱ¥¥ǻ棬ǡǡ
仰ϱӽһˡɸ̬ʽ
˵仰󣬳׿񱩵ģ񻹼ǵ״С˶ĴΪԺ״жŽˡ
²һڱȥ˵ɶ㣿ǳӵķ磿ôһΣ
оԼƺǿ˽һۣЩŹֵζ
ţԼȻЩȤζЦЦ˵ð
ոձŴеĽЦȻ;ЩԣûЦĳֹĶ
Ȼ˵
֪ӡϣҳΪǾ´ҳΪأ

ľ

²֪᷽û, ڽӦͦȤġ
Ϊ۾Ȼֱˡ
ҳһֱ, ͸ն񣬷·𿴼Դ󱬷ը, ּ
״̬ͦϻ½˵ҪʱķӦ
ԭһ𣿻¿˽, ޲ָͷһ, Ȼ˵˻, ôɱأ
ɱǲܵġ˵仰, ûȽɿ, ˵Ͼ
֮޵
ǰҶǳģαذѻ˵ôףҲҪĺ
ĵġƺĵ˵, ˵ƭĳطȻװɵŻʲôġ
˲ˡ
Žֳַ·һı飬һ˵ôأһ, ôܻôֵأ
ЦҲЦȻ˾ͿʼЦ, ЦһЦһ˿ʼЦ

Ȼͱ״иˡ
˻һĳԹȺڶ۵ûš
ˣҴˣĴˣڵһߴˣһ߶ĹȻ֣ͣʣˣ
ͻȻôһʵĽȻĬ˼˼
Ȼֱ水ڵһٶ
㻹ԥڿ񱩵״ǰ㾹Ȼԥ
ºȻ״ڶڽѹƣԭ򲻽֮˵Ҳ˸Ϣһڡڽɶ״ж֪
ڽһǱģһֱαװģģôͻȻڻǰ¶أӦð
ûУûУûʲôıͷʱ򻹲˸ԼأôܻأҰҶ¿ɼ
ôô˵Ϲˣһ˵ĬĬ롣
̫ϱƵ飬ܾЩͬʱʼĲ²ϱӷⱲӷ֮䵽ʲôϵ
ϱӽͻȻ״ǰĻ״ֻܾ˱ǸӣڻѾ׾ٵ֪˽ΪҪΪš
ϱӵҲýǡΪʲôҪô
ô˵ͻȻʶϱһֱΪƺĳ֯ɵߵһԵףΪⱲӵӦò鷢ˣ˭֪֮¡ڻߵԵף
ͻ棬¥ͻݶѾôı仯׷˹
ǿ¡
ŬİԼ״еȭͷ±ʱĽ޿һݲ˵ģͣ֡
ôһ飬ʱֹȥ˺һᣬ˵Ӧ״иϽȥķģڼϣ״ȥϣĲ״ʮֵľᡣ
꽭֮˵ȰǵС˼ջȥһοܾͲһôˡ
һ޿һ˼ֵĴ
ûˣȻǸĳģϣʹ죬Ҳǲġ
ôѵ©ǳ⣿Ҳܰ
ôͷһô飬Ѿ˾ĲԻɱֻ֣ǸһӡֶҪ㡣
Ψһĵǻ᳹ʧȥƣתΪеһߣȻˣ׼һʾ
ղ˵ǵķΪĳִУ־Ҳеһ֡
־úãҲû汣侲ҲһŽĹߣ֤ҲӵһѿԿƻСԿףӦǿû
ôõģʵһֱһЩСܣȻƽʱģģ淢ʱ򡭡ԼԼ
ڽԼô߰ȫûãΪ˱ҪҪ侲ŵĶˣ˵̫侲ˣ侲Ļš
ӵֻ۾СŻ棬ոջڵʱΪԼһЩ֮ģ˭֪վʵʵͦ˵ġ
Ҫȥ𣿡ʣҡͷˣˡ
Цﶼȥ˺ƻ˭˭ɣԼǵù͸ˡ
濴ŽĪĵ˵ͷȻˣ͸ȥһطɡ
ʱı飬Ӭһ
¿Żͽһǰһڽֵϣֻ
ңϱӴʱӦó׷״ڽɪɪˮת״һǰ棬ƨƨߵĸţСһʱʱĻõͷ·Ļ
˴СӣùֵֹģղȷʵеѹסˣҪȻҳ׷һѣһ֮ӾȻ˺ܶ࣬ǹһֱȥɱҲĪɢȥˡ
˵ȻԽǿԽ׷𣿽Цһ¡
ܾԼոձʹһ֮󣬺ʧʲôҪĶ
˵ĵȻǽڲ١
ʱ·ոձŵ˽ϵĳҽ˾ֵǣҽĴ򿴼ʱȻû˿ȣܵľ£Ȼͳ˵ҩ˿ϣͺѪĽҽݵһ
·ЩĹˣĵҩĺãոշһᣬ·;ѾײѪˣͻ̡
Сĵ㣬Ҫմˮ˵꣬ſھͳһĹһСӵˡǰǸӸȡˡ
һ¶һССͲӣԱԭںĴ۾ȻǱƯһ£̶µİ۾ת˻
·ӹ˹ӣ˸ӣֻӹȻʵʵſ档
ⶫʲô·ָ˴ıףȴȻλƵĳš
ȵȣȥģ·ǱߺһɤӣȻæ׷˹ȥƽҲ׷ȥһקס˸첲ȵȣС㣬ûǮء
ѽ·Ǹ쵰ƽһ䣬ͳԼĺɰȴûִĴһ»ƽĳְ֮ϵ˻ȥ
һֻµѾͬӥצһӵıץ˺üۼ

ͻ˶ķǰһ¥֮ϣ¥ǸոջȻʧǸ¥תת桱ֻص
ֻǣʱĻ棬ѷǱʱĻ桭
ûĲʵ̫ˣ̫̫һЩ˵һ£κδ򲻹˼ңֻܱš
˸ո߳ӿڣϾ¥ʱķȻִһʮֵƺ˿µӳ
һãӵһߺһ˵ոæˣûйעľֵĽĳǱ߿һۣȻ۾ͺȻճһƶƲ
ǵľֲһͷذ
ʱĻ棬Ҳȵתͷǵľ֣ȿֺȻЦ˳
ֻһ仰
²¿˭

һ˵ĵǸߺ׹䣨

ɶ˼
еֶʶ, ȴԼˡ
Ա߿˿ȻЩãĵĺúõ, ոջһٵˣȴ˸ľѺһ˭, ЦĸտƵġ
濴ǸӰ, ƺһȻתͳ¥߹ȥˣԥһ£Ҳ¥
¥ڶķĶ棬Ǳ߸ոչ˵ľ֣ȥ, ʱѾкܶ˶ע⵽
ϾոһѾ۵ˣ³, ԭҲȻȻķ
ղȥˡȥһ·ϣв˺Ȼ˭
ⲻǸղŵڶľֵ
˶š¥ܾԼȥһĿһҧǸȥˡ
ĳ, ȻԸ, ˵ϲĸоΧ˶ĿͶϡ
Ǹˡ
һ˲䣬¥ϵ˶˹뻮һ, ںĽһ˲оĴѹ
װµɨһȦȻڻ󿴼һſ˵ĵӣѸٵռ˹ȥ˵ľ¡
ոտϲ⣬ȥ滻·׼һȻֱӾͿ֦չԼһžͿԼλñĳֵеĸռ˵ĳŮ
ʲô񾭲
תͷһ۽¾״ӦʮֵǸλþǸСģΪǸλϣպһ־§ԱС㣬Ǹѵĵλá
һװɵĽͷǳ˰һ١
״ʱǲֵܳģΪͦ˶ڿţ־ͲǿɿɰСŮˡ
Ҳǰ󣬲ŷиֱĶԼתͷǸվһԣСüﰡһֱűˣ񾭲

ľʲô˼أʢľֵʱԴҲһ¡
ֹпϢ˶һ£ղźȶ˵ƶˣԭ׷Ů׷ܵҲһ侲˵ҪˣϽ취ó֮ǰܡ
ľָǰľֵĻֱһһ£˵ĸоԭһٴͳԵĺúõģͻȻһһ
ǡúдʲô˼Ǹ״ָ˭Ϊʲôľûдֻ֣һأ
ԭڽϷЩͨĽʿᶼ뷽跨ĳȥѾˣڽأ˺һ£ˣҪˣܡ
ЩܾܲͲ֪ˣʢ϶ǲߵġ
ϵһٻ߶ʱվڽֱߵԵһЩͬվԭûж
ʢĴĴһ£üһͦʶЩҲڻţѹֻóĵľ־Ȼˡ
ԭҲ֪Ҫɱ˺ܶడ
ʢֵĶվһŶҵˣĴǳרҵɱ֣Ǹ˴ӸղſʼһֱŻ档
ò˵˸ʢĸоΣգ룬ҲһĬĬ˵ĳεĵط
ԭΪְֻȴû뵽򡱻ͦࡣ
㿴ʲôǷ˻˵ġ¥ϣСһɣСһֱ˵ֱ׳ŮĹǺ
תͷһĵĶԻ˵ЪЪұ֤Ҹɻɵɾģ˲赹ˮȣⶼòűˣһ˾ȫˡ
ܲ΢еڲٰ
¥ϵĶԻ棬вʱ߲ѵĽ͵͵ĴŻ棬ϾҲ߲ˣʱĴոյڶľֵȻҲͳõĹ۲
ȻΣΣˣڴ󲿷У޹ġ
˻Щģ˾͸߸ߵ棬ĿǳۣһһСıô졣
Ҳ˰ôһǲǾ͸ʲôϵϾ˶ԹɱҲֻӢ˵ĹԶʱˡ
𽥱ϡٵĵ·ͷ߹ˣǸոմҽ·ͻƽȻˣҲûУϾô࣬зӦϰĵġ
·ϡĽֵϣһϡ˵ô˱ôˣǶȥˣƽȥĶáֻܲܰӹˡ
Ҳʧʲô·С˵Ȼ۹һ˶ˣʼˣ㿴
ƽתͷ˳һۣȻı˷򣬸ղһֱƵǰɣȻϴһء
Ҳ棬ų˹ȥţĪߵһ¥ڴ¥̻ԻͣԱǴھ¥ϵ̨ףվһˡ
ȥƽСֹһôôǲǵİ·㵽Ҫʲô
˵˰û˻شתͷһ·ȻѾԼ·ͷҲæʣʲô
ţȥһ·̹˵
ȵȣ׼ôȥƽʱˣ·˵ôȥ
˵꣬һͷȥܹϵľԽŵЩˡ
ƽ˲ɵۣṦû·ôãһЩҲ·鷳ͷ鷳æͷܣһһ˵·Ҹû꣡㶼˼ͱôһΪʲôôܰ
·ȥʱǷǳɼģЩЦ
Ϊܻƽƴܴ˿жҲȷʵӽˮһ£·ĲǣϾ
°ǻ°
Ǹˣʲôµġ
׼һˣֱӴĺôһƣһҪ÷žһ쳹΢һֻͱ˵ί֮顣
ðȻ㵽ֵطҲǹİ
·ĿǳԽԽ죬һֺＱĸо͸ÿҪӽµʱһģһ
ǲ֪ͷһȥԺܲܽԷǸ·Ĺ˭ͷϢʮֵͨû׼Ͼܰˡ
·飬¥Ȼһ̽ͷͱһȺ˸ˣһ㶣˵ôЩôˣ
ֻӻλƵķ˳ȥ·۾һֱߣĳȥˣŷš䵽һ˵ϡ
ǸԭеƷŲ裬ֻСӵʱֽ
ֻСذָֵ֣ԶԶĿţǴ˸ʽĽָ
·𾪵ĿǸ޳ָߣԼǸ˱ŵĽȻԼЩʣ΢еͷ
תͷ·һ΢Ķӡ
·ĬĬ֣䵭һȺ˵ע£ĬĬģĬĬģȥ
׼ܣûԶĻƽ·ôȥˣ͹ĵʣôˣ

ɰĺ

¥ϵĬĬţһ, Ȼ˵ղǲʲôȥˣ
ӵ˲û˻شĻ
·ֻԼ, ƽԭקϽģǸû, ͣ
·ĵ, Ҹոտû, һҪȥٿһΡ
ιƽһקס, 𣡿ߡ
濴״ֻССĳ, 󿴿ҿ, ˲ĳ
ӿ˿ͣϣһ;û, ɴͼôţûж
ͷ亹
͵͵תͷʲô, û뵽һĸо۾գһµģûֱʺǿ
ոȥǸ·ûôˣԸоܲʲô
µ״, ҲԳȥ͡
ƺžһ, ڴһ£ľ֡ʲô壿ǡһ𣿡
˵, ҲĵĿ棬ʵֹˣڲڿľֵʱҲȫԱһ¡
ֻľֽһˣǾǶķϰ
ʱľֵʱԻ·ġĵҪľֵʱǾ֤ǰʱķѾûˡ
ʱҲggˣԵ޵ʱõ¡
ȣ¿ǵĵһ÷ĻƽϢµҪһᣬɳûû˵˷֮УȸЩһͷһ
Σĳˣǻ˾ԲùµøһԶȹѹصķǲڱ
˼ȥôһľ֡
ľ֣һһׯҴ׬ĳ棬ΪԼ֪Լ˭
ôһǲǻ̼ģ
Ԥϣ롣״һܴĶ࣬ǽ쾿˶ˣҲ㲻
ϾֻŻǽˣ櫶ˡ
櫱ִʲôˣС˧ʿȴһ취ҲûУֻɵĵȡ
ʢ濴ŵĻ棬üľ벻ףԻĲ룬ӦǸԸ˵ģȻ˵Ķľ֣ʱ˿Ҳúõűɱһ
ǡһ𣿻ǡս
ոۿŽ͸ڻȥˣЩ׼⵽ô£ҪٵȵȣȽǱߴϢ˵
˭֪סǱ˳ס
ʱĿԱһԾǶ¥
ȥ˺ҪǸ˵鷳
ò˵˻ǷǳȨģԾҶڽһѡв̽ͷȥ
˭ûֻǾĿǸ
ڿǸ˵ĵһ۾΢΢һü̶ʲôûзһЦ
Ǹ˽ĵһ仰ȻҲǶԻ˵ģǶԽ˵ġ
ӾȻҲⰡСأû뵽ȻôĹ㡭ҳԾ
ҡЦ˵Զû¥
Ȼһǰʵ
¡šһͬ˸ոˣڿ˵ĵһۣ¸о˳Ծʶ״дʱҲͬ
ǸⱲӸϵˣΪƷڵһ¥׹ۡ
ôҲˣ
׹۶ûʲôµ𣿻¾ʵֵͦģ¥ô˵ҲǸҴҵĵط²¥ɡ
ôԸŹֵˣҲܻż˵ġƸոûϳ׹ۣΪֻйһˡ
˶ڻº˵Ǹͷβİˣ״ж̬ʵͦģκڷԼƷʱһᡣ
׹۸˵һ仰󣬾;ĿŻ棬˲֪ҪʲôҲ²Ҫʲô
㿴ȥǸĳƽ·Ķ˽·е㻺˸۵֪
ʱ˿̣һҧгݡ
°˵ʲô˸Сھ֣Ǹͷûʲôôû
ϴڽϼʱ򣬻˾ôȻģ
Ҫֻӣ·Լľͱƹȥˣ´μʱһҪúõĳһ٣֪֪֮Щµ̹ϵ˵
ˣ·һ뵽ǴԼڽϿ˵ʱֹסĸп¿ʶ˿˶Ʋ
ϸϸʱǸ˵ôһ˿˿ͻ񣬵ʱȫ˵֮У˿벻Ȼͬһˡ
ˡԭô
ٵ¥ߣ׹֮󣬼ûжҲû˵ֻضŻ棬û¶ʼ⺢ǲʲô̼ˡ
ô˶ΪҪ˵ģҲɻ
׹ۿ˻ܾãȻȻ˵硣
Χ˼Ϊ仰
氲ûп϶Ҳûзϡ
˵¥ȥԺġ
ˡе˼룬һȲ˵Ǹоƽ𣿻ǾԼȻһ¥ͽӰϸѹȥö
ôŹ֣ϱӻûôҲѹ֪طȴҲǽһˣʱ˿¥Ǹôƽĵطǻһгһպӽʱ⡣
ǻصڣ϶һ¥¥Ȼƽˡ
վĪĸоͦµġ
Ҫ˵⺢ľͲãһ˾;ⶣ״׳״ܾͺöˡ
¥ܻЩɧϾϱΰߣ˵õ񵥵һǻôԹޣõһ磬һѳ¥ͽ
ָоǵһһΣϷǳãûɾ¼УҲһˣֻû뵽ճͷľȻ׹ۡ
վڻǰҪӮ㡣
û˵ԭ򣬵ǻѾ˳
˵Ϳȵ绹ҪСֻǱʱקƷ²֪ͯôģ¥Ӧöܿ֡
Ҫɱ𣿡ƺǱˣЦζǿһɰСһһֺܸȤ׹ۡ
ʿ˿׹ۣΪһֱ¥̽Ϣԭ׹ҲʶģֻᣬڶԷºͻҲһ֮ѡ
⺢ҲɵȻôֱӴˡ
µ񣬽ʵиͦ飬ǻ浽׵ʲô̶ȣ
˵ղҲľԼܹϼеĻôһѾʵˡ
ֻ⺢ӿ»ûʶĲпᡣ
氲Ŀ׹ۣȻʣһֱΪʵľʵ𣿡
׹üͷʲô
滻˸ƣϵһ֧ĵܱҵʲô̶Ȱɡ
Ƶҳ֡еĿеĻôÿһ֣͸һ¥ࡣ



Ǹס
ڻ˵֮ԼԼо, Ҳ²͸ôһΪʲô
ΪʲôҪһСôأ
Ҫ˵Ļ, ԲһС˵ôĻ, οСǸֲĿܡ
׹⻰ʱ, ϸĴһ»档
ӼȿڿЦ, ֿжô档
ûа׹۷ŵϵ׾پܿģϾ, ֻܸѾ˵, ʵҲ׵ˡ
Ƕ׹۵һӡ׹۰γ˺е˺Ƶһѵ, ѵ̫ˣ䲻һΪĸ
ιҪ˰˿˵ʢ׹۵ļӰ, ܾЩ죬ǿ˰죬Ҳûȷϡ
ҲŵĿ׹, ӽǣӦǵһ˳Ƶ, ǳ侳
׹۵ĵĵһޣ¥ĵĶǺݣͿ, ڳһ˲, ܹ䲻İ¡
ֻǼ򵥵·ȫ
л֧Ļ꺬, ﻹݡ
׹۾ʱʹ˵һ
ڻ׹۵ĵ
ǰѺܿĵľ磬ɨϵһϰ
ѵû£ͺȻָֻ׾ٵļ
ָǳϸǾ޼õָס
濴׹ۣһΡ
׹ۻ˻ε˿˻С
ֻζ˺üº󣬻ͻȻɿܰѵ˻ȥ
ûиͽסˣһ˶򲻹
濴Σڿһ󣬷׷׷˲мĺȻⲢ׹۵ĵֻڻĳ£ȷʵԵô˵㡣
ⲢڿģļӰ𽥱صɫ
¥Ӧֻһܡ濴׹˵¥˽ӣȴ档Ǹ޴Ĺӣܹ˴бƷ衣
׹ĿŻ棬ΪԼոǱ硰֡ˣȴܡ
ѹͲںַֻܱ֣ܲʽϷŪѣȻ˵һЩġ
׹һ³һһ֮һҪӵĿˡ
Ľͷһ࣬Ķ󣬿ȴոպñܿ˵棬ͷ˿ûбˡ
˵УͺǻԱһ࣬Ȼ¶һ϶Ȼ׹ۡպáеĵŵǸ϶֮һ֡Ĭ
׹۵ĵû˵棬ӭĵѻ汳һϴ̳һССĿӡ
Сġ˻һ£ȻԼգѪ˿ԱߵĽҲŴ˸֣Χһ˿ڡ
ˡͲ󣬵õĵǺ֮ܲǰҪúܶࡣ
ʱգδزΪŵͷ󻼡ƽµĻǸʱĻ
ĥ׹۵ʱ򣬻Щ˻뵽ĺ벻зʽȥƷ㣬ǵĿƣôĲԸնһıҪӡ
׹۵Ķƺһ£ĬĬĿۻ棬˵ͦоİԼ
⻰׹˵ûʲôãʹ֮⣬Ҳ벻˵ʲôô
ڶʱҪɱˡʱ֪ԼϢǵĶȹ
һֱĽ֣ѡտڲԣߡʹ졣Ứ˵ô࣬Ҳδز˼ҵĶȤζҲû졣
׹еĵ춼û̧Χ˻ǲǸոջ仰̬òˡ
¿׹Ҳ˼ͦҵģϾǴѼϼܣǴıˣ˵״˵ͦģϱӵʱ˿
ܿ죬˾ͷԼˡ
׹۲̬ˣΪ׼
ĳԵ˼ȫķΧ
ոջںɵĽˣоһʹӣҲһ׼
ô˵׹ҲǰǰʮˣƴƵ£ʲô³ġ
һڡ
ʢֹһˣ֪˭ˡ
һЩոջȡЦˣڿ⵶ʽʱͨͨ졣
ǲһʲôģͺǿǿ˼ʹûҲܸܵĵز
ȴɰ
ĳϣΪҪôȲȥϵƿʵ̫Ȼˣ˿Լµӡ
磬һ¡
洫ɳɳҶǾѵڻʱôһĲ𣬾ͻʹһ֮䡣
Ҳʱ׹۳֡
ϸ΢ҶУϸĻͷֲˡ
ȻΧҶŷĶţÿһ˵Ķﶼ֡ɳɳһֱ˺ܾã·ҪԶ
գͣ׹۵ĵҲͣ
ĵϳһССȱڣȱڵӾǱʲôĹһǸոǷмһ˿ǽײ
ģȲʲôҲʲô
һ֦ΪɫģʮֽĻ
׹۵ĵֹţĶͷѾ˺飬ոһ
ǿԼ֧ոմӻƿĻһ˿ϸ΢Ķոջ͵нӴĲ֣
Ƕ仹δüŵĻ˵ϣϸ΢ԱŵһĹæֵݸ˻档
澲Ŀ׹ۣһ׹۵ĵ뻨ĴӵķоͿԿŹܵߡ
һƬƺǹãźȻЦ
ЦⰲС𣬶ΧһĶûС
ãŵӣôҾ˵һ˼ܰɡ
˵žվĸյ׹۵ĶߣСС˵
硭ֲ硣

˵仰ںȲĽһ豭
׹۾ȻǷӦġ
ոʼܡʱ򣬷Ӧûڴֻ۾ɵԲҲüƺѿھҪ˵ʲô
ˣ
ʱһӺǸѭȥֻһźѵģĺƯŮ˳
һͿվ׹ߵľ׹亹ֱðʶΪҪ׹۵ء
̧ͷһۣЦҵ˭أԭС㰡
ȻСˣһҵġͰ
Ա߻ԣ̸һӣһ˿ĵط
櫿׹ۣƺǲײ˸ɫ׹ϵļⶼڶ
һȴڻǰѵ
һߣ״иոǾ仰ɶ˼ĻҲһĻ
ɶ
ҪսƷĻպͱ

ľż

뻨ܽĵط
Լͦῴ, ʵ˵, ˿Ͳֺʵˡ
Ц֪Ůһ, ǽЦ￴һЩϤĶ
ⱲľǸԼˣԼ
ʵǲ״и櫼͵ģΪ˸һʮֲĸо
ʵֵ, Ϊʲô״м櫺ͽʱûзļ, Ϊƽʱƿʱ, ܲ״жԷе
״зʱ£״вʱ򡭡ʵҲ£Ϊ㲻״ʲô
, Ȼźۼİ׹Լ
׹۵櫵ĻӡԼ͵͵ܳİɣ롣
״Ҳûȥ׹ô, ֮󣬾һֱ۾Ƶû˶ùֵֹ, ׷׻Լϴ󵽵׿һ㡣
Ҫ˵Ư, ȻÿǻҲŮذ
Ҫ˵櫵书á˷׷׵̧ͷ, վڽĺŮ
ŮҪڶľֵ𰸵ģ·Ͻغˡ
һʢװ, վ
ʵԽԽ, 뵱ҲֻǻϵһСС輧С˧żᱻڵᡣ
沢ûںϵô, ²ĸָ·ˣһ
쿴Ǳߵļֵˡ
ָһȺŶңԼڵʵʵ˵
תͷһۣԼܹһ۷ֱϵ˶ʲôɣ˵ȫ»ôʵġ
ȺǹǾǵķڰϲŹģ߶ûϡЦһ֮ǰѳǸ
櫰룬ֶǰȷʵѳһУ书رǿʱкܶ˶˵ֵĽõˣֻǰȥˡ
ѵжĽ飿ǸеҲڻ汳¥ʱæ
Ǳ߾һĶؤˣǸǱߣһֱ͵ľؤ·˸߲ҵĸָָһӰ
˳·ǸոֻȥǸĪˡ
ؤ˱ϿǿһֱõͳҰһЦðڻţͦǵİɡ
üͷؤŻȫû˵°
ﰵ²ۣ״ûסʼСˡ
ϱؤΧ¼ȷʵؤһԶ̬Щһ£Ȼ״ǰӵ˶㵽һ
㡣
ǶҪģ֪Ҫ˭𣿡櫵Ķߵʡ
ոڽָ˺üˣɵģھֵģҵģˡһָôȫЩˣԶԶϡ
ҪˡȻߵ⼸ָָ¥Ǽ˵㿴ǰǸˡ
˳Żָһۡ
գʢ
֪ҪɱϢ
˭ģ£
ˡϿûʲôʵֵʱɺˡţʹߴȻһӾܰ˴͸ˣѪġ۾գһ¡
ʢȻ˹棿ϢŪһ𣬵žʶǲܵġ
ΪŸĵطһǸٷ֯ÿ¶Ҫ򱨸棬ļҲȽϸߵˣʢ˵ĻǹĿҪ칦ˣôһ㶯ûУ
ˡӸոտʼ˵Ļ͹ֵֹİ
Ѳͻٽ㣬ʱ׼ˣ
Ŀۻ棬źۼˣֹһһ費С˵
ƿƿҡ櫵Ķߵ
ڲͬˡ
֣櫵ֱȻץָ·ˡ
ڣǵС
΢΢˿ڿˮ仰ʲô˼
ֻҪ˵һ仰ҾͻɱǰĶЦ
֪ҲǺܲ˳ۣɣҲǺܲ˳ۣƽҵǲȥǡ
㣬ԸΪɱǵġ
˵ĸ˵˳أ
ڸ߸ߵ¥ϣѡһѡˣں˿ˮѹѹ
֪˱̬ûû뵽ô̬
¾ŵźɵˣ滹һһƯĹѡˣѡײƵġ
Լ϶ôõ̬
ͬʱҲĪĽţ治ľͶ˴ɱɣˡδҲ̫ǿһ㡣
ʵҲˣ˵֮ǰԼ״еԻ·ϼľ룬ôھǵ򵽻ǵľ롣
״оȻӦɱˣ
ʲôЦ
𾪵µԻ·ǿԣʵʵĲУ״ȫһġ
ҪһЩʵݡ֪ϱ״ź͸ɵΧ£˰ʱ䣬ҽɱ˸
ʱ䴩Խǰ¾״Ķô˵ҲϱӰɡ
櫴ʱ˿ָ̱֣ĽֵȻͷһβָ̫ĳЩˣΪԼ˵ʲôǸ˾ȥɱˡ
ͷһθоķˣôΪ˵һ仰;Ҫɱʲôأ
µԭעڻϣôһҶԼͬİĿּ櫵ϡ
ʢüͷ
櫡ŵϢĲ̫ʵλȥһҪúõĿһ˵ıôһ£ŪΪʲô˵ĸȤ
ʱ˿̣ͬʱ˲е
ӶѾˣҲ㲻浽Ҫʲôƽʱܹһɱ˵Ļᣬ϶˵ɱôһѡ
ڣƾյĶ˰죬ȴָһ˵ϡ
˵ԸΪɱˣ
櫵һƬҵģͻȻתȥһ֣ײ˻Ļ
ͬʱںĽ¶һ۾ı顣
ŵķ˸ۣȻͷŤ˹ȥ
ô㲻ɱ𣿡ǶħĶ
ңҽʱ룡Ī˵
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԼʱɱˡ
ֵ͵͵Цզһͦġ
ȻţĪһ
櫾ȻɱˡǻײŻᷢɣ
ʱ˿̣Īľ櫾һľżһڱһǣߡ
ӵһŵˣ硣
лҪ˵ҽˣҽˣڽˣ
ͷŶ=أ=

þò

״ڵĲ𽥵ѾûԽԽˡ
ȻûжԵµ˶, ǵȴв˶櫵ָ֣Ķ
˵ЩΥ͸, ϾĻ, ͺ֡
⻻һһŮǺ˵ͨ
µеҲֵֹ, ΪĹֹŹֵĸоҲֻһɨ, ܿȥˡ
ֻٲ˿˻ʲô
ǡûаѵµ˶ﰡ
ʢһ۾˳ڰȺµ˵ײѡ, ָԼܳʱ䡣
״, ҲͲӰ, ǹĴ֮վ˳, ңңĿ׼һ
еǴҶͬĿ, ǾͿ϶еһзġ
׹ȻѾװ, Ǳܲᰲģʱ, ¥
ԭҪȥ˾ȵķ֣еĳڴʱ˿̶һȺš
һ̤, ͻֱӱַżԾһȺ˵ĳ֮󣬴󲿷ֲòصʹýֵ
ôܲ˽أڻֳڴ˶ƴĺ, ĸɵģ
ЩӰĹ־һ֪ǵʻҲ޷Ӧ
Ǿˣ˴֮䲢ܻͨϢ֮Զ
ĽֵߣһȺڻš
ոսֵǱһӹ˼ʮˣ¥¶ţ̬ǿӲҪȥǾ¥µȴǽȥ
˶Ǹģ˽˵ҪһˣôֱӴôֱӴȥأôɣĸԸ
ˣԱԻ·תͷŹֵĲһ죬أ
ⲻ۾
¥ţǶһ֪һոձ׹Ūϵ֧УصİŪš
һֱ״һС˵Щˡͼıİ
һȺҪɱҵˡĿеһ仨ΪǾɱ˹֮󣬾ܱһιȫһ©ֻϧǸģҲûǸ
ĩˣ̧ͷ۽һ
εİͷת˹ȥһ
¾ú״жԽĪˣȻ˼˼룬ˡ
ڽ˵Ψһ취ǰڵϷĦ
ĦˣҲͣˡ
ô˼Ҳȷʵͦ˵İȻһۡ
ҪȻǰһ°ɡ
˵仰ʱ򣬾ֲԤУȻͿеǶ仨Ȼɢ
еһ껨Сһ˲˻ǰǲ㱡ɴ
Ϊ׵ǸԭڸµԭҪ˵˵ţȴȻһԼĲӡ
ԭֻΪòЩȻһֵѪ
ǡĻ濴һۣȻЦһ
һ룬һҽУҼȫɢ˿
ôˣͻȻΧ˶ˣǳǱ߿˰죬ҲûʲôΪǶ仨ǳСԶһЩȫֻͻȻǱߴһҽС
͵תͷһۻ棬һο֣ò˵ȫûôģڻߣûǸôĹ̡
Ҳ͹ֲýϵᶼҵ˭֣Ϊûܿĳֵĵ˭
ǵһ£Ϊµǻ֣һˣɱǻƲסġ
ӲѵҲܶб飬˵ǻˡ
ڷ˵ÿһɱ˶߸˿ɱԽ࣬ӾͻԽѡ
͵͵۲Ż棬˵ֶһķӦʱûУһ㶼ûбӰһ
ոΪʲôֱɱǸأ
ʢҲǱߵڵһʱ˹ȥһѽǸƴкŵ˰˵ϣ۲˿ڡ
һѾѪȾͨĻꡣ
ʢý̧ͷ¥Ͽһۣ˵˽ڻǳ˰
ˡҲãһɡ
˵žֵߵһȺʾ⣬Ⱥ˵˵ͷȻӿڴͳһ̻ȼ˿С
˲䣬ըһСС̻һ۵ĵ˵ߡ
ϵ߼Ǳ߿˹ȥǷ̻Ǹ̻յһ˲һˡ
̻ϵжһֲĸоϾֶڽ;Ϣ
Щֵĵ֮ºȻһƯ̻ǳĺÿ̻ȴɱ¾ס
泯Żڴ˹ȥǱ𽥵ĳһȺˡ
ͬҲܵ˹ֵĹһ֧֧סǵĽŲЩվôո˵ģҪƾϬ
ʱûеóѡ
ЩǾڰµһȫʱ򣬽Ǿ͸ܹȺǵĿֲҲ֪Ǵĸġ
ʱ˿̣ȺǾȻĵֵסȺҪֵһʱ䡣
ԭڳڣҪ˶ڱȺǷ˶ɵˡ
ϵĹڶʱھһѣһ
ʢҲûϵôһ
ԭһӳȻԻάģ˭õһ˾ȻôĹ֡
棬Ⱥǵȷһ飬ǶǻˣŻ·ϴһߡ
ʵǻ֮ǰ·ᵽġʦǡ
µʱȷʵû˵ѣȷʵһȺרһЩˡ
ǻһ֯
֯ĽԴͷǻһμȺ˳ɽΧĻ棬ÿѣȻͷ亹
һڱͻȻķʧ˼Ļ˰죬;һ֯
ûеȺֽиʲôģЩȷʵǻΪһˣǳάİȫ⣬»
ǧǼһҲ֪жΣգ¹ܲʱЩ˾ͻ֣ѹһ»µˡ
Ⱥֵ׼δѣôҲǸִ˵Ļŵľǡ
ʵ˵ĵ˱Ծʹôһ֧飬ڹŴʵͦΣյһ£˽ˣ֮бֵҲǡ
ִʱ˿ȷʵ˳䲻Ч
ǻ֪Ӧֲ֧˶á
վǸٵĵطƾٶȣƳŲסһʱ䣬ͻȫˡ
Ȼ£Ų֪ЩʱҲ֪
ĺܸߣȻҲԼǱߵľйһξȻ³ôһ¡
Ȼôһ
һΣһء
Ҫˡ
ߵɻŵģ֪ٹһʱ䣬ˣȺ˾ͻ
ȻǷǳҵľ֡
ôʱ򣬾ͷ֡Լʢһۡ
˵񽻻ϵʱ򣬻Ȼ˿ڡ
Ǵ˶һ˵ǵĶ䡣
þòմˡ

ʲô

ʢʵǱŪһ㶡
ַ·һʵԼ˼ʵ˵, ȷǵһΡ
˵˽ⶼǴӽ, 䲻ֳƺ˵ƺ, ַǳĸо
ǡʢĿŻҲǵʶ
, ʶġ
ϱӡ
ĬĬ롣
ʢʮֵĹ, Ϊ˵ĺǺ, Ū, ͣšʶеһǡ˭أ
ɻʱ, Χ˾Ȼֿһ·˶ĬĬɢ, ոȺҪʱȴ·ڵһ㶼ͬ
ʢĿһۣ뽭Ҳ, ȥ
ȥ̺֮һ·, סгߴ˵ߡ
ոա״ǶԵµЩ˴ˣ˵
ոʲôûǵô뻮һ, һһЩָġ
ºȻΪʲô״ˣΪȻҲ״е
·ֱøһЩ, ΪúΨһһϣˡ
֮һϣ״ˣء
ʢ֮һ۾Ϳ˻ߵ櫡
׹۸ոʢʱͱĵƵ˺棬λúͽܽԸ۵Сۡ
滹Ķ˵ʲôƵ, ЩһôǾԲٰѻϳŮˡ
ʢ˹ں˵ŻȫûаһֻԱߵĬĬΪһӡ
ܲŰɡʢŻ˵
ĵĴʢϳǸոջ˵ΣյǸˣֻʱȫ˾жôΣա
ʱ˿̣Ĺֺͽ֮ĽѾӽ۷壬ʹԶԶľ¥֮ϣԼǱߴ
С˵ŻʱʱĻ滹ЦһЦЦ÷ǳĵӡ
ϣеϷζ˰
²ò״һ㣬ڷǳ׽ǵˣỻһرĽţʱʱ͵ûͷװ羰ʵȴǶ״оͲ
˼Ҹ̸Ȼϱ̸Ҳôġ
ʱ״Ҳѣ·ױ̸Сĸо
ʢǸˣﴩĺɫ·ۣϸĿʵһվڽˡ
ģʮֵĽһ͸˵ӣվֲһ԰еĻ
ʢܺ˾˻棬ܹһһġ
մˡΪʲôЩ˻ɡʱƺһֱڸ˵ѹûչעĻȻ˵ôһ䣬²£˶˭
Ӧˣ̫ŵӦҲˣɵģٻġ
һ˵ʮɣ˵ĶģԽ˵ʢͽ۾Խ
ţʢԼй¶ܣæֱ˵㣬ͼһԼʱûѱ䣬û뵽ʲôʱ׼ģ᣿ǵġ
ſͷЩɣȻǼԸң˶֪£е֪ġ
ǱûжôɣνҲֻһ飬жӦڼ֮ȴΪһЩԭǲòǰж
Ϊʲô
תͷʢΪ𣿻ΪĴЩǵ󣿡
һƬžѹֵĹ֡

ոջЩŵĽְĵȥˡ
ؿɾĲˡ
Ǹ߲㣬Ҳ֪ƻԭ׼Ϊ֮׼ģ˭ϣ˭
ȻڣʢŻѾǳΣˣ˵ոֻڿһӵôڿһķӵ
һǲôѵ˼·ģʢԼǱǣߣʴӵĸоҲҲڶܵˡ
˵ˣմˣ֮졣ƺһ߳̾һ˵һ䣬ɣȻͣǾͲԵôĽˡ
ʢǱߵ櫣ֱ˱䡣
ʱ߽˸裬ڹ۲춯ĻǰȻһΪһˡ
С˧磡
޾֮·Ừ¾ԼҪ޳ˡС˧ϴŰŲߣڻҲһ֮£֮ϵˣԼʹ˻ľߣΧҲûбֳʲôϾǰҲй¡
С˧Ų裬ײĿ˻һۣÿһ͵͵̲סһȻѸٵ˵˽ȫ̼Ϊûһ졣
߻滹ڸʢš
ʢŵȻҲЩϢǴġһץй¶ϢǸ˭ôǸ˾һᱻ塣
㲻ᡣ̾Ϣ˵Ϊƻ֪˱ûм֮Щˣǲġ
Һȷĸ㣬ƻҲκһ˸ҵģȥҡ
ʢϵıԽԽ䡣˵ʱȴпһǵȷܹôá
ôáĵĻǳ롣
ӳ쵽ΪֹҲͼµʱѣѾܾˣѵͷʱĸ֪Ѿôˣ
¿棬ʣµʱҲܳˣٲ취һЩ˾ͻˡ
취ûû׼״нĻظϱӵĽ֡
֪״첻µز£ǡ״һΣϴξôĶ
£βûܹרĵĿ״иʢš
״̩ɽÿһÿһ붼ļ١
վڽĬĬС˧Ȼ΢΢Ĳһ£ƺǺȻܵ˼𶯡
ȴֽƽʲôûзһ

ҪĻڷеߣһһ·ʢڸ˵˺ܾ֮ͨ
룬ֲһ䣬ġѡ
澲ĿʢûбŭҲû˳ӣֹƽʢʮֵĲ
˵⵽ô£»汩׵ɱáΪʲôֵô侲
ҵϡ滺Ŀڣû뵽Ȼһ·
ұΪ㲢κμŵɵġ
ϱһ
˴ǰ֪ȷ˶ġ
ĳһʱ̣һǳϣôһᡣ
ϱͬľʱ
ʱ䲻һˡ
ȻһѽɴŴߣʢ֪ζʲô𣿡
ʢͻȻĶһ㶣ĽŪһ㶡
ֵ֮һƬļžȴ֪ʱ˺ܶܶˡ
˼žվ棬⸱žӵĳ棬ƺһŶĻһ




ʢ˵ʵڵ, һСˡ
Ǵʱ˿, ôͬʱ, Ĵһ˵į}˵ĸо
Щ˵۾а϶Ǻɫġ
ֵϲ֪ʱ, ѾǸΧ
ͬʱҪЩҲԼͬĿڳŹİ, һЩرϸ΢ĺɫ
ЩɫС, ΢ĵһ
ԭϴŵ˶Ѿ֪㵽ȥ, ڻվŵȫǺˡ
·Ǹ, ҲĪëȻĸо
һ, һȺڽϺö˶˵أȻ֮⣬˺ȻԼͬĳһ򿴹ȥ, į, վȺ֮л᲻ͷƤ飿
·֪ԼǱʲôУʵӸղſʼ, ͶطʼһĪϤС
ϸ˰, ŷϤвģһ˵ġ
һ˸һ£ÿҹ, ͵ƻͨ
ŮŵڽȥǻžµױϴŹȵϢ, һڴС֮С
·һΪֻһ翵Ĺ¶ѣΪϻܹһط
ֱڡ
̧ͷһȦոջźӵŮ˲֪ʱѾվޱĳ¥
ոսֵ߽ŷţֻ͸Ķ¥߳һȺŮˣǾǸոյڶľ֮еˡ
һķǰ棬һһϯۣȻЩͣǷ̴Ůվڽߵ¥ĵطһ˳̣ҲǱš
ʢ𣿡
ʢ漸һߵĻ΢΢˿ڿˮ
Լ˶ˣȴ֪һȫ
ϾϣȥǸطȫ򣬶ط
ôķӣǰʵһ
ʵһ
˵ôôˣЩ˶ðģ
֪ԺҪѴ󲿷ȫҲжķӲ̫ݡ
һٴ֯С֯Ҳ̫ġ
֪뻨˿ܻЩ࣬ǡ᲻̫һ㣿
Щ˾ȻȫǷӰ
кܶԭûǷӵˣ¥СмһⶼûеŮˣȻǻˣ
ħʵʵý˰죬ͬʱҲһ顪طȻôķӣ
ڵĵ飬ȻҲʢĵġ
·Ȼô࡭
ûô˵ģ𣿡Цʣôûһ׼ҽᷢʲô
ʢ۾һֲмɵĸоʢȻסһʼƺûаѽв
ʢǽ˶ˣ˶Χ棬˶Įġ
Ϊƶõһʢ
Ψһıڷӵ⡣
ȷʵһȺǳµˣбҪĻһҪεؿԼǳȥˡ
һֱԼĴ㣬ҪԼǲųˡĿ
ΪֹҪ÷һЩֽŵֻ಻٣Щ˶Ҫ÷ӿµһЩ˽˵档һ˵ĿأһʼԶû취ͣ
Ϊ˵ʵҲ׷ϷӵٶȣԼǻȡ˽ڷѧ츳ѧ츳Զûа취ϵġ
Ÿ·Խⳡͷ·ֹϢӣҲľ֮бԽԽԽԽԿơ
ž±Ⱦⳡ֮УǵĿʵǳĵֻһЩһҪŵĿ֮£ǶԳ͢ʲôв
Ϊһ㣬ɨ·ϵһϰǲ·ߵСʯӡ
£Ŀδ֪ʵǿԸ׽͸ĻȻͳǰ·İʯ
ǡʢʱ亹
ôӵȷʵԽԽ࣬ȴûһ׼ȷͳƣΪʵ̫ˡ
ʱƣȺصĹ𽥵ļǿͷ·һεıָǱڽ֮Ƶġ
ǡЩ˾Ȼôվ˳ʢԼⱲӿܶҲôķˡ
ôͻȻôࣿ
ôһ˲䣬ǰ뱲ӼںͷӴ򽻵ϵʢȻԼʶӡ
ӵ£Ĵڷ·һʯһ̵ֹĴӡ
ˡȻվƽĸ˵ʢ˼ĿŻ档
ڷӵһЩҲû˽ģĿҲڷһϵеʵ飬Ȼڷ˵ߵԽ࣬ܵӰԽġ
ǿõķӣҲûлôɵӡ
Եûӿرٵһ
ΪˣʢĽĿͶںĽҪȷʲôΪĿõǸӡ
ûʢӣҲûиʢ˿ӡ
ȴײ΢΢ҡҡͷ
ʢһӾͳ
£鵹ǽһ󲻵ľ棬Ͼĵʢƺȴ˵˵ĻʢЩѡ
˵Ҫˡôĵˣ;ȴ˳ˣһᱻСƣһˣδˡ
ôĥûġ
˵ˡʢԼЩͻȻᷢʲô¡
һӿԵƷʮӿץôһٸһǧأ
ʢڸĽ꣬ͣĿ櫣ӿһĲʡ
֪Ļ֮ܰеĻ
ȫƺѾ˱˴˼ղĵȴ֮УڵʢľҲڵȣ桭ȻҲǡ
ǳлôΨһһȲȥˡ
ǻ¡
ǷַӾҪըˣÿһÿһ붼ֻҪļ΢һᣬľͿһ¡
ֱٿ²ļ尾
µ״ͬһ壬ֻܿʢӲֽı飬͸ϱҪ״еʱһһġ
״ϷʺͲм
ҲŵĽֵϣ˶ٵˡ
κεķ紵ݶἤӦӦּ尾֮£Щסˡ
ʢʱĳĬĸоú˼ɱҪѶٵʱ䡪ǱԼһһ뷨ˡ
УһҪٶȷ
롭ҲҪȳ
Ȼӵ״ϱеļ䣬Ǿ;ԲΪٶȷġ
ʶΪڵ״ӦѾ˷֮УȻĽǲܵˡôʵʵġ̸һ̸
Ⱥ֮кȻһˣһƺֻǸŵ˵ˮһ
ȻߵǰʱȻ͵سһС˻Ĳϡ
𶯡

ΪֲµڣžͻȻһϤЩɳƵɤô˵

һɱҵ

С˧ɵƯ
ŭ
ΪС˧簭ƽﻨ, վɱ, û뵽С˧ȻۿɼķǳŵӣǾȻĸվͳ˵ָŻ档
֪С˧һرһ񾭲ⲢûʲôϵֻҪ˾С
ʢ쿴˸ոճǸ˰, ͻȻתͷ˽һۡ
㲻˵
ҲĿɿڴĿŻ¡
˵ڴ֮ǰ, һֱǸúĻ, ôڵĻ¾ǡС
˿󸹼, аȫеִС
£㡭ʵ̫ˣ˵㡭ղŶţ
ոո֮, һֱ֪ȥ, ֻߺһֱûлµӣͽİԺ
ͻȻֵĻ¼ֱ콵УоȻ, һˡ
˵еĿϣл, ûκΣе, Ȼµֶڶ
Ҳǿǲǣ
ʱô, ͷһθɳһý³Ĵ¡
ᵹǺƽġ
κС˧ʵ̫ģԾ͸һ֡¡ر𼤶ӡ
֡ԼʱûκεĶǴһ˵״ܡ˵ˡ
ȻҪһ˵״еǰŻе㷴Ӧ
Ȼۻ˵ʲô, һһ
õķʽ֮ǰ״дʱķʽһʽǴ¥ﱧǸСϵС
ǸСƺ˵һе㾫ֻ֣ôཻ
ȻǸbugĶǶ˵ⶫǡһʹһ⣬ǾһҲûа취ͬʱġ
Ƕڡ֡˵˿⡣
ҲǻȷӦÿʲôԾĵط
濴ǰġ¡ȴȻЦһ¡
һЦΧһ㶡

Ϊ治ղЦаЦǵЦǡ͡һЦġ
һЦǳƻ󣬲ڻϣֱĸо
ΪֻЦһֱ§ڻ櫶ſˣƺǿʲôرЦ飬ָš¡һЦţһ˵ǡڸʲô
ôһЦû¾еΡ

һӵ˾ͿŻЦûһ˵ģۿС˧綼Щòס˼ͣôסҶ
һҪӻô죿
¥ǡ·̧ͷͻȻһˣЮ˻£
ֻ߽ܿһͻȻɱ˳ȻһѵסмǸ˵Ĳӡ
ͻȻֵǸŵʱ˭ȴһ
վһȺûߣ˵ĳ濴ѾĿȼžˣֶ˸ףﶼȥԻôͷ
ǵ¥ϵĳɾͽȻͬˡ
Ǵ󲿷˲ʶʲô棬ͬʶʲô¡
ǵ뷨ǡոյǸ˾Ȼ˸ٳˣ
ôٳǸ˭

ʢԭѾҪӭӻŭ׼ģ˭֪ȻЦڻûͣ£Цˡ
תͷ۽ȴֽһŵĶŻ£ûзһ˿
Цǿп˵ء
˵״зķʽԽԽͬˣղŰһ㶡״зɱ˵ģȴû״иЦѨƵġ
֪״ôѸ㶮ӦֱӰԸص״з뻹и߼ʡ
¾ԼҲֵͦģСв˼ңྐྵһ״иոձЦҲΪ
Ϊ֪״в˺״Ҳ֪Ҳᡣ
С˧ʱ뻪¾ڸʲô۶ء
˵˵򣬲С˧ֶµĺܵλ
¾ͽ״˵ҪŸ翹Χ˺ܶ࣬ǵٶ࣬Ҳ˵ģЩĻһ·
ڻа״Уڵȷʵز㡣
Уļֵ֧飬ЩһǶõģǸղ
ŵ˶֣¾Լȡʸ񡣱¹Χ棬Ǵɱ棬Ҫ
Զֽŵĵطرˡ
Żһ߶߶µģһ߻˵һȰĻʹʱҲûµĴҪ
ûǴĻ¸ոպǴԱЩվŵ֮ͻȻܳġ
վû淢ֲˣǻĬһ
ⱾŻ漫Ρ
ǽû뵽ʱ򣬻¾Ȼѡȫȫվһߡ
˵Լ뵽ʲôֻͷһȫ̵ᵽʲôСס֡
п϶һЩȡġ
˵һЩ൱Ǳ˻档
Ȼѡô
ʵһֱڶŻĶΪʹǱõôŲӣȫġ
ʶľãȫûӣСۣͽĴһǳĲ̡
ȻĶȴýֳһ
ЦˣȻͻȻһѿǰĻ£ɴԼĲȫǰѵϡ
˵ǽˣڲ˶һ
Ƿ׷׾ֵĺˣ
·Ⱥ濴ļӰأֻӰһȻͱˡˡڵµĳΧһƬ
ôˣ
ǸСӵ˭ôԴˣ
¡ղܹŵָŻĺأôһţŶˣֶʱ򣬾ͺȻһ͵͵𶯡
תͷһ˫۾ĿֶСڡ˰̿ô졭
С˧ŵæֲˣȴͻȻú֡
ôղ仰ǲǴһˣ
ô̶̵ʱڣ˵һ飿
û뵽û뵽ȻӾͺڵ䣬޹ǣ˶ҩһ
ȴ˾·ûܵκвһû뵽ҾȻ
˵˵ΪʲôҪɱҰɣ
Żӣ͵͵ġ˻һ⻹аܣ
۾˵ϹղԼѵקȥģûڻ
£ȷڶŻڿĲҲڻµĵ¡
ܹ״ŨŨϷʵζͬʱȴҲĪľü
ܾ״ǲΪŶˣϾİѵָ
ۺɣ綼Ǹرõָˡ
ܾԼһý͵ʲô˵ôֻΪ˱״еİȫԲǳ˽ģֻǱ֮ġ
ڵô࣬ʲô櫣ʲôʢȫܼ򵥵˵ڡ
ڣ˿ڿˮɬ˵㣬֪ġ
Ҳɱ㣬ҲûҪɱ㡣
ңҵ˼ǡ
ˣһһġ



֮ǰֻû, ڷ֡еʹˡ
ŻµıӰ, ʢ, ĬĬĸ˸Ĵָ
ǿǿ, һ仰Ч
ǽ֪»治ǹһ仰˸µģΪûǸۡ
ֻһǴ˵ûӡ
νȭʦͻȻһʱ˽׵, Ҹ˼·򵥵ʵ˾Ϳˡ
ʢѾȫ, һῴ£һֿ棬ʵҲôһ㵣ġ
֪Ӳ, ͨ׵˵̫ˡ
Ա˵⻰ԵǼٵģΨ²̫ܡ
ˣ׸ɳɵµġ

ԭͼžǳ׵ûˣ˶ŻȻŶȴһֱûƿĵϡ
˶׷׵ĳ¥תȦĿ¥ϵǸˣȻտ, ˿϶ûôĺġ
Ҫǻο̫ˡ˶ò, Ȳ֪ǻ, ǿ϶ҲΪǸʲô󺺽ٳֵ
ЩΧ۵˵ֻ˵, ǻһ½ٳ˵ˣǵ뷨Щ桪ٳ˵һʲô֮ɣһʹһأ
Ͼϴ˵Ĺʵ̫ΪˣҵǱʶＸӡ
˺üȦ֮, ȻǸ󺺡еĵϷһ㲻Եĵط
Ϊǵ˵ѾܾöûгڽˣҲ֮
⵶Ӱ״ر񽭺ϵһȻһʼû̫˸˵ǰѵ֣ǽģ˵˳
ˡ
¸о״гĬʱе㳤Լ
ܸо˵˾ʵ֮ͱúðеˡ
״Ӧûİɣ԰ɣȭϡ
Ҳ֪뵽ʲôĽûᣡ
ãȻĳš¡˹ȥִ˵ǿܵĻᰡ
ʵ¾ýǵòܵģȴϣܾôѽʢŪˣֱвŻֵ顣
ϾôˣʢȫûҪܵɡ
¾Ǳû˿ϣ뷨˵˵ģͷֽȻüͷһǷһƵġ
ʵ²֪ǣӸղſʼһֱĥܵˡ
ΪĺΣգղһֱԼԴšĻ档
ȵȡ˿Լֿ˿£Ȼʢһˣѻһǲ̫˵㡣
Ͼӣܵļʹȫѹƻ£ɻᱻɱ
ҡڵ״Ҳýرķģܾʱؿܸɳɵ
ʢҲƴ˼Ҫô⡣
˵ڴ֮ǰŵĳ˰ѻƷסһῪĵҪκ
ĿԲƺİѻɱɱ֮󾿾ᷢʲô£ǾȫȻδ֪ˡ
˻ʢҲﷸ˳
ֿۻ£˵ȻҲǡĿеһԱɱ˻棬Ҳǲԡȵȣǲðա
Ϊֹɱ˻ĵˣֻнһˡ
ȻΪ˺̤ʵǾԲԣΪӸͨվһ
Ҫǡ»һӡ
ʢ˿˵컨ˡ
ŶûͣЪļﰵĥһһʲǫ̂ײɵĳˡ
߻ڵ״˵أͻȻһԱߴ˹ǿЦΪıסˣ
Ųţʹõ˺ϣҲɱ
ֿ˳˾Ȼ׹ۡ
Ȼﻨ˵ղǼ°̼ʵᣬֻԼѾôˣȴڻǰûκη֮˺üĻȻҲܻС
˭ǽ׹۵Ȼͱϡŵʲô
˳״еߣ˺֮ǰѵ
ˡ
ƽʱϵģ˽졣
û뵽С˧Ȼ֪ðҲҪⳡϷĸһ㡣
ΪѵƽʱӲС˧žǡ¡ݵ֤ʱ˿̣ԱߵĽʢȴЩˣΪڳû˱ǸϤѵԴʲô
ϾѵŸµİ
֮ǰǸѵȫΪݵһ㣬ѵĴھʮֵ΢
ΪѵԭھŲأҲ˿ŵӡ
ʢǿֱǰҪҸðƻΪ̡
׻˵ײ£˭˭Σ¶Ѿײˣֱɽկˡ
һֱļƻǲҲѾ֪ˣʢ˵
ڻУôֱһЦɡλȥŵĺܶ¶Ҫ
һ»ŻزȥҲڵ֮б硱ˡ
ʢô뵽
ȷʵǷϵ飬ʢͷºͻ֮ʶûиף֮便ʲôҲûиס
ʱͻȻһ˵˵õˡ
ʢȻ佩סˡ
¡ڻеĻ׹˵Ŷ
ӣڸһ̫СӽͶһ

׹˲䱻仰Ūã״̬
˿¡ֿ˿棬Щ֪ӣģе档
㡭ҡ׹ǰҵĿ˿еɻ
֪ĵô˲ڻУͻȻܳ˵
ôղšҪɱ˭
˭磿
櫶һ¸ͻȻԺˣȺ֮УΨнĿ˿档
ҪǿеǸˣ˵ǳһѵ
Ͼ˱ԼĶᱻô˵Ҳ
ȵȡ
Ȼü
Ծ
֮ﲻԾ
ʢҲֵֹܾģҲ˵ʱȴȻ¥˵磡ǰϵĵһˣ磡
찡ôҲˣҽȻ磿
ȵȣǷֻˣ͵һȻæ̧ͷ
˵ֱϢˣΪһϢģ֮ͨ䴫ȥ󵽻Ӱ
Ľ˵ҲһѣΪһȺʿķսͬ졣
ͷﲻ̫ԾЩôôԶ֪أ
Ю˵һˣ˺
Ҫʲô

ʢͻȻ֮µΥ͸г
µΥ͸оڡЩûаѿ޺Ļ浱硣
ǰֳ˵ġ¡硣

Ư

ôô´ʱ˿ر뿴󵽵ʲô, ״оƵģԽô룬Խתͷȥ
ֻӲͷƤ˵ôҵֵǮ, ҵһܻ㡣
澲һ, Цҡҡͷ, Ҿʽײ㡭
һ㶼㡣

ֵϣЩ̧ͷϿȻ·ոձŵô¥ϻ, ԸĻµ״
˵ܲаôñ˸ٳأҼǵûô
ʵոƽ, 뵽һ飬Щһ
ʼµʱ, ٵ⸽һϵд飬ٵֲͬѰķӦ, һǳ󵨵Ĳ²⡣
²Լܲ˼飬ûиߵĻƽ
ҲʹΧ˺硱ʱҲѸٵ̧ͷ濴˹ȥȴԼĻеһЩһ
ô£·СֹôǸ˵
ֹʲôأԱߵĻƽʡ
û, ûʲô·
Χ˵ķӦǶֻ̧ͷ¥ϣƺÿ˱϶˿𾪻к棬ĽǣòͶ˸Զһĵط, ȻͺȻһԵ÷ǳڲͬˡ
ҲΧ˼һ˵Ĳ¥ϵΡ
ǽֵˡ
Щڿ¥龰˿ûע⵽ԼҲ˱˿ŵˡ
һ󣬷ע⵽ͻת뿪ˡ
·ȥӣ˵ˡǸӣ
ȥΪǸ˲֪Ϊʲôܸһرĸо̫뿪
ƽû·һĴϹҲֻǽĶ棬Ǹ˵ǡ硱ˣǸ˵ǡһˡˡ
Ǹ˼ֱ˵޹ǣʹƽҲһǳ
ζѧϸһ궼ѧġ
ڵһ䷿ӵ£һŸոڽֵЩȫһˣ³һ
ʵ˵˾Ȼֵܼڣȷû뵽ģҲ͵Ϊֹˡ
ֹģֶʱضڱԵڿܾͲôһǾܵȼֵ
Ѿˡ
Χ˶磬¶һ˿ζЦ
ȻֻصģͺЩûб
ôһ룬Ҳ𽥵Χйڡ硱ʧ

е㲻״еʲô˼ˣڴԣֻ״ܹgetĻн̸ô״˵Ļִʲô
˵㡱ǴŻʲôܹûȫķ
㿴ܹС˧Ķͷȫ亹ˣĪľеԲ˵ɱԼ⣬С˧ԿҪŰչˡ
²ļֲ֧˶೤ʱ䣬С˧Ҳֲ˶ʱˣܹ̹Ȼ״е˿ɴࡣ
ʹ״ڿᡱĺܣһвжûС
ҾáͻȻ˵ˣй֮黹Դӳ飬ʱûеһĵز
仰һӵ˶Ͷ˽
촽кܶ鶼һᣬȻ黹ûһʱҪڼ
˵⻰ʱƴĸ¡ʹɫΪۿš¡ֶѾĸɸһˡ
һСľлĲӣʱķǳˡ
¥µһַǳơƱǣţǽȴ˿ҶʲôĻ
ܾýתˣ֮һĿܣҲҪһԡ
ΪǸɵڻǣ»ɵҲֲ˺á
ԼѾ御ˣŵݣʱ˵ֻҲǴһĶĵĳɷֵġ
֮Ըô˵޷ǿʢҲЩȴ뷨¿ĸʢһ̨¡
Ȼϣ˵仰ʢոһֱŵƺЩɿļ
Ի
ƺѾƵһ㶼ˣ˵ôɣҲҪҵİɣϾǵڻõҵĲء
ʢ˿
ȷ⡣
ǵѾõס˻Ĳӣȴû˿ĵĸоǵˣһֿµֱڶԻ֣ܻᷢһЩƲס顣
ʢģǵģܲġⳡӺܾúܾǰѾʼﱸˣĺĽֱһĹ̡
ȴ˵ͽ
ʢ붫ʱ򣬽һֱ۲״
ǳ棬ǵ֮ǰԻʱĳʱĵľ֮󣬻»ᴫСֱڷӼըĽƴȼϡ
ȻڴС֮еȷ飬۵ĶЩ֡
̸ľȻǻ¡
šơ磿
õĲ£ȴֶڶġ硱
ĺ뾾һ﾿ô£Ȼ֪϶ô⿴δҲЩ̫Цˡ
桭ĸԸô˵
ѵ˽ϵĵһǡ硱ǻ棬𣿾ôĸԸЩȥһˣ
Ĺ۲һ»棬ڿû˿ӡ
෴һֱµİǰѵĵƵȵģֹ۲һᣬȻͷ󺹡
ĸо˿ûб¿ˣĻ·ַӾͿ԰пơ֪ýоԼĺʲô
ʱ˿̣رû°ѵ¸Ͻתӣȴҡ
ʱ˿˵һ仰ҿŴ⡣
ġ¡仰һ£ЩŵıǸõźƣתͷȥԭͻһǱŴģڶͬʱ桪
ӸղſʼһֱûĻµһο˽ϵĳ
ֵĻƺˣһЩںɫϸСĺɫ㣬һ̧ͷ濴ˣÿ˵۾ģһЩŹ⡣
ʱ˿̣¸С˧ƺͬʱʧˣ˶Ŀĳ
һеĻǻ¼ĳ
Ư𣿡
Ư¸оԼһ˵ǳƯ
ôġˣôķӾۼһ𣬾Ȼûзʲôͻӣǻ¼顣
Ư״еЦɾѰˡ
Ϊ뱣ҪѲٵľء
ʱ΢΢üƺʲôԾֵĳ¥ֿһۡ
һ˽ٳһˡ
ⳡȻȥûʲôëˡܸһ˵Υ͸С
лҪ˵ǸlofλֱУڻңðԸ꣬ٲݼ꣬СѩСܽ֬߸tag˱ݣǽȥģȵʱѾ˺ܶˣԿ϶кܶûȻģ߸tag1g㣬϶дغϵģʱҲûʱȥɸˡ
͸ҵͬһֱûʲôͷΪһ׬ǮûȶȣҲû̫עҰһǽ˵ҪըǴо˵ƽʱûܣܲûôǺܶ˵Ѫ˸ݣһlof鷳˰Ҵģһٴ
ΪаȨ𣬿кܶ˲ϣ㿴ʱҲʲôӳպٿɣ˵£һĶ˻Ҹʲôġţ
ͷŶ=أ=

ΨһϨĵ

ĸǻ棿
ϹȤЦ, һ˶ΪֵǸǻˣϾǸеġ
ȴһۿﲻ̫Եĵط
ΪǸֵ˶ʵ̫ӲˣӡӲ̫һ
֡ﲻԾأ
ôʱ벻ף
ո׹۾Ѿױǰ˸ͿˣͻȻԼķֲ˭磬櫵Ǿɲ
ȫߵǸ磬ǴŲߵǸ磿
֮ǰǸȫߵദ˰ʱ䣬һҲûʲôԾĵط
Ȩ֮, ǸȻˣ֮ǰû櫼˾кܴĻɡ
櫲ͣĴ, ߻ͣǰǸȫߵϡ
ƾԼֱΪ磬Ӧˡ
Ӧǰɡһ
оԼҲڶģһִζ̬ڶġ
ֵ, ո׷ȴû׷ϵĵ·ͷֳ濴˺ܳʱ䣬ͷԼ۾
ȻǳĴ̼, Ҳ벻⵽ôһ¡
Ϊʲô»ᱻһ˸ٳ֡
ΪʲôӦĵȴһ˵ϣ
ԼǸ˵أ
Щ¿˷, ҪúõƲһ
·ûֻô򵥾ͱǯס, һʲôè塣
һҪȥµ;׻˵ĺè·ֻԶûмԵèһֱĵ·ϱܡ
˵ֵƯʱ, ܾӦҪʲô, ʱȴ²
ֵƯȷʵǺƯ˵ġѰ족ʲô˼
ʱͻȻĻ桰˵˻
Ȼ⻰ȴ˵, ֱӴģΪ֡¡û⻰˼
ˣỹɵɵһվ
Ҹһᡣһ˵ĿֲС
ܲץסᡭǾ˵ˡ
᣿ܾôʱ˿ܲʲô£˵һϷʵĸо
ĥʱ򣬾ͿǯơסĻ滺̧һ֡

˲䣬ʶǸᡱŵʲô˼
˲ͷƤ͸ըˡ
ȻҪˣ
˵ʵµǻ֣ȻѾǰԤˣǽ֪˵Ԥֻһᣬ㿴ӡ
νĻᣬҲֻǰһѣ
˵ģҲģ˿ˮһ֡
ĳһĲ֪Լܵ
ôոջúõģͻȻ˵־ͳأʱʹĿҲɵЩջջڻķ޳
Ļ˵ǡô֮⣬һ˭
ڽע⵽ֻ֣׼ʼʱԱߵ櫺׹۾͸оһǵصɱӿ˹
˵ǵһֱļʶ洿ɱ
ʹǸոո׹۹УҲûж׹¶κɱ
ʱ˿̣׹۲źȻڵɱȣոյȷʵͬСӹҼһ
֮£ȻõˣΪʶܶλɱ
ȻΪɶǶɱһ֪ʶ㻹¼ٵɿȥ˳Ա߽Ӳסʢһѡ
ĳָɱһѸͣȫκηʽ
ڽ뿪һ룬һµĺۼѾʢոڵĵط
ʱ˿̲ߣͷ˾
Ȼ²һ㶼ûвһ־һ涼֣ǲ˲ݵġ
ʱ˿̣ʢҲڷӦһˣٶȸƽʱȿ˲٣ԽƲĹȻûոաеһ˾
ڻأ
֪
Ĳ֪
Ϊڸոջ泯ɱʱеƾͺȻȫϨˡ
ӣ˲ӽ̻Իͱ˺һƬֵ˲Ů˵ļԵġ
һֱųҹĵԶģҹʱҵκһûйĵطԶõ硣
⼸ǻֵһǱˣǽȴˡ
֮Ϊĸ¥УеĵһϨʹⶰ¥Χƹĳ£ĪĶ˹غΣոУͬʱҲΧһĪĿֻš
Ļ˼һ룬ԼڵϨǰһ룬񿴼ֱӱѹԱߵϡڻĺѾ˸סʱ
ģǵһôûУ˵ƻȥ˲䷴ƻȥˣ˷ͺٵһ
㱻ᣡ
ѾԻûκָˣøղŻϣֱɵӡ
֪Ӧδ¶񾭲״̬ǰܵġ
ǿ£ԭΪʢ΢˼һģû뵽Էֵѹûй˼֣ʢҲǾδ
ؽЩ˺ͻֵһһսˣҲʲôƵˡ
֮ǰɱ˻棬Ϊ󣬵һ׷˵Ļ桭˵á
ȻڽʢոմӶ¥׼ϵһ»ϵʱͷϷһƿˣƺ˴̽ͷȥ
ӣֵϵĶԱȡ
һƬŵʱ溰
ˣղҪٳһˣʧˡ
ոձΧˣѾˡ
ֵһƬģ˶𾪵̧ͷǱ߿˹ȥԼĶʲô⡣
ʲô磿ոĹȻ磿
Ȼʧܣˣ
仰ﵽǲ۵㣬ǲһӾ˵˭
ǻ棡
ģ
𾪵̧ͷ˹ȥһ𾪵ĻԱߵʢڰ֮Уܿ廨ӣֻԼһվڴڵԱߣ²ĸԱߵָ·
ܵģ֪ȥ׷׷˵һ׷ˡ
Ϊʲôô֪Ҫ׷

·ոջĿ¥أȻǰһ¥ĵƾͺȻһȫϨˡ
ϨٶȷǳĿ죬Ҫ·˵ֱֵӺȻɥʧ˷һ
Ҫ֪ŴûеֶģҪϨôһӵһҪ˵ͬʱϣȻЩϨľˡɡͬʱġ
ֵϼһӾһĪĿֻ֮У·ҲΪʲôЩڿϨһ˲ôķӦ
Ҫ˵Ǽ
ԭҲԶԶĿţȻϨˣҵȺһӾӿ˹˽ȥ
ʹҲûһ·ʲô׵׵ֻܸȺߡ
ôˣʲôˣ
ҲһһͷˮĲҪߴյˣһҪʲôͺȻи˺ˡ
ţȵȣˣ
˵˰ɡ磬ôأ

Ĭ

һȫռϷʱ

ò, ֱĪһ¡
¥˺ľһ, ԾҲ̧ͷ￴˹ȥ
ڰ֮, ȷ˴¥, Ȼ˷ȥ̫, ʹȥ׷Ҳ׷ˣѹֲ˭硣
ʢŲϴ¥ˣЩǸով¥ϵЩ, ž½һ±ġ
ʢʼ˷¥ԵӰ, Ķ, ûһ˿졣
ʢ͵͵۾Žʣأ
˵ݵ֮ǰӦѾggˣվǾô˵˲̫, ֻǺŪ˵ʱûɡ
ʢһ, Ҳ֪˻ûš
һ£ʢЩˡôǼû𣿡
ôһ˵, ʢͺȻӦʲôһ, æʼڴĴˡ
ʣͽ, ʢȫû¥ʱһľᣬɨһȦҵԭڽϵŵˣæȥϵ, ʱֹͣ
תͷŻ˺ָ·Ļ棬˵ĻĸоЩ档
ȫںԼôӵģ˵ǱһȺ˶סˣԲòˣȫû⻰˵ȥжôˡ
˵ĻٻԼһֶȤζĺڡ
ŪΧȺˣΪһ仰ĴͷӬһܡ
Ǹ²͸񾭲
롣
񾭲ĳһҲǰǵװ׵ġ
֮һǱ˰̫͸£ͷһܰ˼ô͸
кܶûа취˵ڵĻȫڿЩͷľٶ֮ˣұ˴ղö˵һϻ
ǿЦһ¥µ˴󺰡ˡĳ˵Ǽӵķ˻˾һ¡
Ҳ֮ǰĵ顣
һףʢѡʽȡŵĳˡ
ʢźԥϵڻˣʱҪ
ɻڲӦǲŵģǽܲһͷ֡硱ϢʱǷӵһͷβĿˡ
ǳ˳̸ˡǺͻûж˵ʲôϻ
ǳ˳˳ħá
ŰôˣôɴļʵҲ࣬һúǩԼʱ׳أ˵ִˡ
ǽ˽ܾλЩˮˣΪҪϵĻδػûһս֮
ȻͼŶϵĽ˶ܴﲢ桪Ϊĵϸžʹûп͸Ȼ͸ǾȻ˺ܶĿܡ
ˡԶ˼Ի·Դÿһ£˵˼·òϣֻܸһߡ
ʵ鿴Ī˼һˡǸո¥ϵʱ򣬴Ӻס˵Ļ¡
Ȼνġ硱ڻĿѾˣôܵġ硱˭أ
ǻ¡
¿ǳͷ¾ͷķˣķչýڻ
ʱе磬ֻᰴաˡңҲ˵˭ˣ˭硣
Ҳн͸ĵط
ҪԼ˵ֻҪ˵硱£ǾѾǸһŶ衣
ŵʢΪ˷ǵİȣҲԻ֡
ȴƫƫˡˡĻˡϡԼ⣬ӵĳ˺Ǹ˵Ĳ硣
ֱǳ˸һŶ裬̶ƽ޹ʵӹһֱӰһ
ûǸɵӲһ֮⣬˵ỹڸϾء
ֻҪ½ܹŻô֪ǣӽ᳹׵ķı䡪
ָֻıǺûǻԼҲ˵
ֻ˵´һصķӣһԾΪҪ֮һ
֮ǰζ벻Ȼһʽ
ΪƾĶۣԲһô͵ˣڽ´齭һ硣
ô澿ΪʲôͻȻıأ
˵ֻǺȻ¥ʱµĻشһ仰
ƯǿɾѰˡ
Ϊ뱣ҪѲٵľء
ܾһ̣ıʲô⣬ǸʲôҲ˵ֻ̫ȫ²⡣
ʱǵصļȻֹͣˣͻأľһͻȻмϿһ
ʱֵ棬ЩӦóĽˣҲһֹͣ˶
˫һͻȻͣ˵ĵӰԭĽһʧĸɸɾ˴ֻ֮ʣ˹쵫ĬĳĬղĿŶ档
ʵе£߸ոջش״еĻͺȻ״һͻʳİС˧ˡ
ʵڻһһƽʱһʮС˧״еǰľ͸Сһ
ʢͻȻߣĵһ˲
һжڶ̶̵һʱڷģȫû״
ûһ㻹֮С˧磬ŭ𣬡УŹӣ޹ģøɵ飬غӵ£
״в֪ûС˧ǽʵʵģȻһתͷڻ櫺׹ۡ
Χ˶ڿʼܵʱ˻ΪҲ֪Լȥʲôط
׹ۿŻ棬Щԥʣԭ㲻𣿡
ߵߣûж˵һ仰ֻĵĲϣȻͻȻ˹ȥ
Աߵ櫱һӾͱЩǺ»Ҳ֣ǻֽס˵׹ۣȻķŵ櫵
Ķ˵뿪òãںΣա
ոˡ׸ղŵĽʢôһ¡
濴۾˵ǷǣǷǣǵĴˣӦò᲻֪ɣ

˫۾ǿ͸һУ仰Ȼ͵һͷ
û濴۾
ͶˣҪһ㡣ĵ׹۶˵ӦúҪİɣȫĵطȥɣʲôҪġ
櫾ܻͷ仰̲סһۻ档
泯Ŵȥһϯ޳ϸĪŮһĴһģ׹ۣԱߵĴڷ˳ȥܵһڵҹɫ֮С
ȥԺֻĴһƬ֮Уҵľĩһ
ϻûвɵѪոһ˱Ҳӵĺ棬֪ģ˭ûз֡
ΧҵһƬ˵ǡ벻
һ˼ˡ
ͷһȤˣһ飬ȻôȤôһҲδɡ
һۻҵȺȻĵ뿪ֵϡ

ֱ

ҵȺ֮, ·òΧ
, ܲڸôǱģκûãû취ȥߵЩˡ
·ЩԼС, Ǿ˶ԶǸڵ¥ķȥʱǳǸܵġ
·ղǰһ, Ϳ¥ˡʵ֪ͦղ浽׷ʲôġ
û﷢ʲôǷ˶ӰĽ

ʱ￴벻һ¡
·ͽ˴˶ӵʱ, 鶼˼, ·Žڿʲôʷǰһ, ·, ڿʲôɵһ
·оӦǹ, ΪոռĵһʱһгԹϿϷģ
ֱԺ󣬶ԷֳԹϿϷӲųʧ, ·ȷ֪һ¡ԼǴ˶ԷԹϿϷˡ
ڶԷ˵ʱײҲǸǳ, ·Ҫôɺϡ
ô⣿ʢո뿪òŶúõϢһ, ײĴյؤ
û·еô£㲻ģϾԲĽˡ㡰º͡
ֻϧ·ʲô
Ҿ͡ߣ, ߡ·ǿЦ
ڵ״̬ܺãֻǼ򵥵ĿһۣͷһЩԾĵط
ôˣ˭ͱ𡭡
ȥöಹһˡ·һȳһյӵĵʲô֮ġ
·öˡ
ý˵Ѿһĳ̶ˣԼڵҲ˵ʲôǻĻֻܱһ䣬ǻ鷳ӵĹˡ
ûϵ˵
˻ʱ򣬺Ȼ¥ϴһ˵˵ѽıأղǳܵİǱߣߡ
·ͽǸʱԼͬĳǱ߿˹ȥ·أôôЩ¡
ٿߣղžΪ˹۲컨Բģû湻ӣǱεҡҡͷ
ǡȫ㲻Ҫʲô
·Īеµֿһ۽ܾý֪һЩйǸ˵Ϣ
ǿӣ˳ɾǸոһֱ۲¥Ǹ˵ġ
ʵ·һֱ֪Ǹܹĺ˹ϵУҲһΪǸˡ
½Ȼվ¥µĽ͵͵Ŀ¥ϣô·Ͳòһ顭
̽ʣá¥ϵƺе죿
ԭѾߴƿˣ˵Ļת˹
·Žߣ֪ôͻȻˡĿİͰ͵ĸţҲ˵̫ϸֻܾģ˵
ǡе죬Ҳ˵̫
˵ʱ򣬽üëѾ΢΢ˣһֱȵ˵꣬Ŀһ
ֹŹֵ̬·ëëģ֪ʲô˼
е鸴ˣ֪ʲô˼ˣ·˵ڵģǺܿͲ³Ҫ˵Щʲô
·Ȼ£ȷǷǳһ£ǰûô˷ȴ·̵ӡ
ǸӺܴˣҲǸǳ뷨ˡ
ƽʱܶ·ոմ¥֪ǻҪﵽЧԾһỹ˵ûо
·˽Ļƺˣƺûţͷ¥ϵǸˡ
·Ǹܴˡ
µĹϵòƻ㲻һֱ¶йŵ飬Ŀǰóв²Ӧö˿Ʋġ
ƾЩҲòǸǳˣܿôһļ󣬾ҵ˻ˢӵġ
£Ȼܶ˵ʲôȻΨһ뷨ǸϽ·Ūߡ
Ҳ֪ʲôصԭ򣬻ͻµ˵ȷʵôһ˿˿ͬȻҲ֪һ㡣·Ŭı֪϶ԽԽˡ
ӣֱ𣿡·ͻȻʡ
ҴСΣգÿһҶֱȥġ˵Щ˼飬һǳԼֱˡ
ֱ˶Լֱǽˡ
ϾǵѪˣÿﶼһеûĶ
̹׵˵ҲԼֱһֱкܶ鶼ǰԼֱģܶԼصĶ
ֱ㡭˸ӴŵˣʵӦһʱŻǲأ·ʡ
仰ȻЦˡЦĿ̫Ī·Ҳһ¡
ЦԺ󣬽Ȼ̧ͷ·˵ͨ£ǷǳҵֱģΪ֪ҵֱһ׼
·˽⻰ǵһδĿô˻Ļһ
ıһ̬ùֵֹģͺǰиڵ
·Щë˼룬ֻǽ˵öԡ
ûԼֱͺˣĿǰΪֱֹ⣬ҲûʲôĶš
·һһ߳űĵطȥˣ뿪ʱ򻹸˸кȥӰϵЦݽı䵭
Լֱ
ʵ·뷨Ϊ·ĶҲֹ
ҲһʮԼֱˡ
е뷨Ӵ˼λ󣬾ͳ׵ʧˡ
ֱ˵һôĶҲǿλˣȻҲǱȽϿصġ
ǶԻûйӴֻ˵ˣô׾͵ó·һĹ۵㡣
ֻҪͻ½Ӵʱ䳤Ժ󣬾Եĸоˡ
رˡ
ͬҲʮԼֱģֱͻ¾̫Ͱ죬һֽ棬Ȼͬˡ
ԻʱܸоŨҵĸʣָоһ޶ͬԻʱָоҲֻ֣Զº࣬Ũҡ
ֻһ飬ô⣬ǻͻĳЩѰƺĬ
ŵҰȫϹèӵ˻£ȻĳЩʵ룬˵ûǰķ
֮ǰһֱΪãϸϸһˣ˵ȫӡ
±ˣڡλˡ֮Ͷġ
ΪʲôĳЩô֮أ
˵ףֻȻ¥ϵĵͻȻƺĳ˵ơ
¥ϵӰѾ˴ˣΪ۵ģӦǸһϯ£ӰһŮһˡ
ʱбˣĳʹڵӣϵҲͣԼͬĳǱ߿ȥ
һֻҪһ֣ͻĿˡ
̾˿
תȥҲʧĻ֮ϡ



ڶʱ, ˸߻£﷢˼ʬ塣
µʱոʵ˫ۣһν̤ʵصվ˵ϡ
ڵһսʱ, ͻȻʧˣֻ˻һˡ
״ÿγֺʧЩѸٵ, ּܵ״̬ûҲЩһĻһ
Ӧһ¸ոջصĸо, ͺȻ˼ҴҵܽȻźüʬըϢ
ɣϢĵһү
ԥһ, վ, ȥǼʬ塣
ʬ嶼ʵ, ִܸоԡ
µһ۾ͿЩ۾ĺ, ֹͣˡ
Աߵ˵ⲻǻ˺, 㻺
ʵ¾Լڵ״̬ѹͲʺĽκ״Ƕ²ĵӣʮַ
ǻˡ¿˿⼸ʬ, רŵڲ鿴⼸ʬ״һ̧ͷ˵, ⼸ҲκܴݵĶ, ·Ҳûκĵط
ΨЩֵĶֻܾ
һ˵, һ߷һʬ, ʬĶһͷİ̺, ǰ̺۵ʮֵĲɵʲôɵģǱ˵ġ
¶Ҳſһ, ̺۵״еϤ
ǵ¥ڿʵʱЩӲ˲˵ͻպӡϣӹԺĲİ̺ۡ
ϵİ̺۵ǿɵģΪһְ̺۲ֻһ࣬״λõģʲôӡ
ʻһᣬӦһΪ뱻˷֣Ծӵˡ
ǺֵһǺţʹӳӣҲҵһЩӵĻơ
˵ĵڶֵĵط͸ӵ˼ˡ
Ǽ֣ͱһʬĶϣֵĴСӬͷСûЯһǩСĵĻôƵһǳ׼
д⼸ʬ͸ĳ˵
̹׵˵ʵǺϣյġ
⼸˵ݾʮˡ
ǲǻķӣһķӡ
Ϊʲô
Ͷ
һʱ䵹˲ٵķӣЩӵݶɸѡĲǺϸ
״вѪŪôһ⼸ûڽϱʬ壬ôڰ˳ɾѾһˡ
ȺݲȻģǻٵĸ˸ѣһкֵܶ˻˻
ʵЩȣ¸֪λġ˵˭
ϾӣʭӶ˲ҧϡˡɾͲˣʹǸˡʲôĿģĿǰδ֪
֪״ѹƵʱȷʵǷһЩ顣
̾˿
̹׵˵Լûʲôãе鶼״һ˽ˣ˦ʱ˻µġ
¶ԼĶλǺԾģȻ״еĲʲô˼ǾҰȴ״ǱߵķӦ
⼸˵ʬ屣áµָĿһǸƤչ˵Կܲ˸ԭﱻ֮ǰʲôӡ
һҹİӿֵһ˵ƣ֮⣬ͨ·ڴļ֧ڵϡ
ȥۼĴǵļֻʣһ֧ˡ

ڶĻкܶҪڶĽҲкܶҪ
ιôò񷿵Сš
üҪǸָ׵Ů˸סˣҪֱӰνκջǷ˴֡
һ磬ܹҪôˣȴֲ񷿵ûйء
ƿţ۾;վһˮһ·
ȥոϴϣ׼ŵӡ
źƺ˵İۣȵ۾תͷԼͷã˵ѽ˰
㣬㡭ػصĿ˺ü鰢ۣȻ˵û𣿡
һֱûʲô¡۵˯һˣʰˡ
˳ȥ˳ְˮ˳ȥõԺ
ϻʪģʵǵڶˮˡ
ΪһˮѾ˺ɫȫû취ɾѣ۲Ž˵ڶ衣
ŰۣΪԼμǻþˡȻȵŰۻ˰ٲŴʱû㿴ǹֵֹġ
û£㿴ǰҵĿһ顣
ʵ˵ʵҲǳľȡ
ǸŮ˸һԼѪ찢۾ͺȻԼǱûһ
ϵı仯С£ֵϵġ
Ѿʱˡ
ȻǸŮ˾Ѿʧˣһ⾿ô¶
ǵŮĻ
һӵ黨ĻһˮŮһ
⻨̫ϤˣϤζε
ٲﴫһ˵ȥˣԷСһѶҪǲͰ𡭡
ʵȻ²ԸǶСǿԵġ
ȻѾĿҪ׷
һţҪ˵Щʲôʱ򣬾ͺȻ˰ۣ˲ͳϵĶʲô
ĵ˹ȥ·Ҫߡ
ʱţѾ𽥴Ϊ˰ٲСˡ
ⲻò˵Ǹ˵飬ϾΪһദʱ仹ͦˣѾȫʱѡˡ
ǡԣ۸ദʱ䲢

ǵˣиȽϾ㤵ʵ
Ǿڰ۵ﻹһֱͦĪġ
ȫ鹦ֳ뻯ĽԼżܻ˵
ҾϿ˵仰۵һӹЦ
̬Ȼͦǫѷģǫѷ̬ȣǰ΢΢һ¡
˻ᣬŰһȻˣҾʹȻȥˣû±ϸ˵
֪ˡ۵ͷ
ԼҺӱ˹ܣҪ󡪡Ǹͦ׵ĺ˰˸п
Ͼ֪ݣȷȷʵʵʲôˣܡܶѡð۶ɵø߿һۡ
ŽݣͺȻͷʢ˹ʢ˸кմˣôз𣿡
Ǹŵˣ۲ײ˺һӺ۲ʢ
һҹδ˯ʢɫЩãƣĸоҲְ֪飬ʹȤ˾䣬Ǽһôǲһ˾ͱͷܵģ
Աĵĵһۡ
ʢ죬ƺ˵ʲô˵
ֹĳĬ˼ӵʱ䡣
ʹĴ񾭣оһ˿ԡ
·ֹ˺ܾúܾãʢſ˿ڡ
ҾǡΪ²Źġ
û뵽ԼȻüͷһ壬ܰ
СҲûôֵմѵǴҲ̫ܣСûôĵӰ
ʢһվ졣ոհԼӰİۿЩı顣
һᣬʢ˵Ƚɣ飬Ҫһ顣
ʲô£
¡ˡ



°˱ŵùǺС˧, ˻һϵе飬Ȼ׼ػȥظˡ
յ˻ƽʱأûȿ˵, ͱδ󺺸ֱӰڵء
׻˵ƶбֻأС˧ƽ޹ʱôʱ, ôڻ˰Ҳġ
ǻڴΨһܡ
ط䣬ϻ˵С꣬õ϶Եʪʪģǽϻ̦
¿ǽϵ̦ĵС̵㡣
ؽԺ, ͸͹һηһϡһͷ
Ǹͷʼ˼, ĪǴ˵еġΪǾ㡱
ڲ, ҲûҪܰôʵһˡ
ͷӲ, ˣҲǱġ
³Ĭ˼룬ȶš
˵, ȻƽʱûκƢӣҲûʲôĵط, Լ֪Ǹˡ
ΪⱲӻϱ, ʳһֱͦõģֶµȶ˵
״̬춼, ȵˡ
ĬĬְƵ˽͵͵һ¡
׻˵ԲӦ䣬׼ȶ˯һһҹû˯˳㿴˵ʲô۶ӡ

Ȼᣬ鷳˵һ飬¡ôˣԼĶܳʲô⡣
ԼĶ䣬һ˼ı飬ϾոʢĻž˸㣬СƽʱʵµǼҺͻȻͱˡ
ıҲǳ𾪣˵ﲨӦġ
ôڻϵļ໤ˣܸӣϾ໤˽ˡ
۱ǲ˼ҵļµģȻˣҲûװû
˭ǻе˼Ǹһֱֻδĸ硣
ǸȻûп۶ҲЩӡƺǸƢܺõˡһôͻȻͽ˼أ
۾ڰٲ˵һˣ˵תߵҲǲԣֻı飬
㡭ȷӦģǿھֵģԶֳ͢鷴˽һˣ֪ͨʲô
ûԭӦòô򵥲ŶԣϾŵĲ졣
һ鷸֮ܲȥô˳ɾִʱʲô״
һʢ֧֧̬ȣûˡ
Ҳ֣Ƿ˶Ĵ󣬲ʢֳ̬ȣ
ʱûʲô飬ûӦǴᴦģӦ˼ʢԥһᣬջô˵
˵ĴûиһϷʵȻᴦһϹǸ
ȥ¡ʢԥһ˵
һֱԲҲ˵һڽ˰ˡ

»㱼俴ϱӵ¥
ʱ¥Ѿ˸ֱˣ󲿷ǰСĽ
ҲŹʱʵûжֵ
ǸǽȻͬģԲùĵ·ڵ顣
֮ǰһֱûҹĪЩɭɭĸоǸʱ¥ȣȻһ֮ˡ
ôţţһֱǰ˿ҪʱһĶ˵
һǽԺ󣬾ԲҪڣһֶҪ˵
˭ΪɶһֶҪ˵
ôĪЩ죿
üͷŬĻ便ô£ԽԽԣȵԼӦ˯͵һ۾ͷһȺ˸պŽһվηǰ档
ʵˡ
洫ˢˢͷ⿪ڿտηﻹͦ󣬻³ûԼߣһΪ˯˲Ŀˮ
תͷһǸССĴ̫ѾͷȻһѾô˯ȥˡ
˯ǿǿ˸˳㣬û˿ĸоػɿǶˡ
һ¸ոԼεǸ񡭡ǽ
̫ˣôôɭɭĵطμˡ
һΪ˯̫ԭ
Ȼ¾ͷָսнӰ
Ⱥ˵ݻеʶеĲʶ
мȻ˾ƽʱʲôĶ˵ϼ仰֡
Ҫƽʱ⻪¿϶ȸ쵼кˣǸոսǾ䲻֪Ǵλġѡʵʵڽš
ǻ£Ⱥеһôʵ
ǡԱߵ˻ش
̧ͷҡ
һֱͷϵĵأ仰ûȷӦͺȻ˸ǿдӵϸקȻһ̧°͡
⧲ľ͸һ͵˶ˡ
Ǹ˵ͷ˿£˰ΣҡҡͷǸġ
ϧô᷸˺Ϳ
ڻûôأҪǱһĶ׸ˣǸղű̧°ôһ¡
Ҫ˵Ȼ̧ͷˣǾֱ˵ֲǲ̧
»ӣͷһαô̬ȶԴ
úõʽ⵽ô£ղǾ仰λǴʲôģͺȻղŵǸ˵Ŀһۡ
Ȼ˵̰ɡ

£ᣡ

˵
ˣһ˵ôǺá
ûôôһֹֹˣżҲûðԼǳĻԼóеھֵʦҲҪܷġ
ҲЩӣʣһֱԶô죿ȥ㶫ܲܳԵ¡
˵ͼҴҵȥ˺һֱЩĵ֪ʱҾͲӦȰʲôţͲô£ڰٲҲ
ƾÿһǮ԰סĵҪǻ£ҲҪȥҼְȥ
ѾʰһСҲȥ
ȥʲôߣȥȥȥ￴ңҲʲôõطСȥ˲á
ȥô찡մ˵˼ºʲôаˣҲԣˮҲȣǹȥˣҲǵ𡣡
û¡˰죬Ҳ֪ǺȻʲôģҲһӰɣ˳ٲһڷԣ;ٲġ

ոձܵһϣѾˡ
¥רſγ̣һŽӦԿһŽ
ɵֺɵǣſλ¶Ϲ
׼ʱˣҪиոѹʱǾ֪ǲλĽпھѾĴϡ
˭ʣô˵һᣬһЩɳƵȰɡ
Ǹ˻µǰµӽֻܿЬ棬һ˫ڶӹѥ
ͷ
͵͵ĽأȻͻȻǸһ⡣
桭ôʶģ



´絽, յģһֶû˵
һʼ˵Ҫ, Ȼ;ͻȻͻˣŲ֪ＷĽʹ˸ɫ˲ľͷ˶
һ̣´ûиоôĿ׹ܺ˽⵽֮ԽƺΪĿճ㡭
֮ǰ»ܺߺȻȽ, һûˡ
û¾ôྡ
˵΢һ, Ҫֵôɵ, Һ, ղ΢ߺ
Ȼ¸պߺͱĴˡ
, ߺߵĸҹ򴲵Сƨһյģһ仰Ҫ˵ˣװӲͺá
һĹ˾ӺϷݵǽһ棬ԼԼݼе۽Ӱ۵ķ, ȵǱߺͣʱ, ƺеδ, òϷ, ûб㡣
Ϻúװһ£ʵʵţ𵽴, ôݵһ㣬ҹҲز㼸죬Ұ취ܿܳȥˡȥʱⶣ
һ˰˽޿żµ̫
Ȼ޿ľ󲿷ԭΪˣԵĶˣͷû
⡭аȥ˵ٵȼˣ͵ÿָͷˡ
ºôһ죬ҪԼԼԭ򶼲ǿǰ׻ˡ
һ½ЩʵЩ⣬׶Χһˡ档
ݻʶʱ䣬Ĵй̸Լʲôϵȵȡ
³ֵԵʲôˣһԼҪʶˣо˹ĿģΪ˴ʳ˭һ
ȻЩʻ´ĻǸ⡪ϣΪʲôҪԻ˵Ҫһأ
ʵĺãֻϧȫҲһȥ͡
ȻԼеȷʵǱȽְ¼ˡ
һսȻԼһԵз˵ģҪҾͿ϶ˡʵֵͦġ
ؼҷȫ㲻Լ˾ʲôʱойϸģ˵}˲}ˡ
Ҳ㹫¹죬ֳ͢ĵطԿ϶Ҫһ㡣ǲںûа˵飬ȻȰΣյʳ˵
ֻûѡĻһƻǻô
ϾѾ¶˵õİ취ˡ
ǿһ죬ʵĻˣ¾һ仰˵Ҳ컹᲻
еðǣ뵱ʳʵʱûôҹԿǽǣ׼˯һһ֧ŵͷ౻ʱ
̫ոʱη˼춯
˯ЩԺģ̫ۿ˭Ϊѣ˲䣬Ԥһط
һ˾ӹԱȻҲж״εһ죬ν޳
ϣǸѱʲôֵļһͬЩɱ˷ƵġѡԽ˭Ȱʹ
ʱ۾лһȦ󶨸ڽĻʱ˶סˡ
ʱϴ£ʵҲôһµʱˡ
뿪ʱ򣬿ǸЩһֱᣬоˡ
һڽƹٰ㣬ܶҲ
£۾һӾˣĵûг£Ҳü
һ˯Ժ۾һμӺͱ֡
˵ô˵ǲԴʲô⡣
˺ü£ҲлתͷʢʢҲ΢΢üͷ
ղŴǽʱȥһ½츺Ѷˣ˵±һ죬һ仰û˵һʼΪ۶˵ȴһˡ
¿ǽǣҲʲô״ĪľöԷȥƣӣģǿʼЩģǲΪ˵ĺء
Ҳηﺰһ£
ոջ˯еĻ£ˡ
۾һ˲䶼еðǣתͷһ۷ˡ
ڰĵƹ£ֻתͷ˹
Ǻоӣ۾ɵģͷҲմڶ֮ϣƺǳ˺ູܶӡ
ӡĻ¼ֱر
һֱûһǳɫˣΪԸãƢãҲ
һֱΪģǸǳʺĵط֣ò˶ãŴ¸
ʱٲö˵Ǹʱһﶼˡ
гһգܱʢλˣǵİٲҲ͸ˮǴߣ˵ʱҲ˵ǵİٲá
ⶼǺõĻ룬ͺߵȻţԶԶĿţҲá
ֱ쿴Ļ¡
Ȼ֣´˵Ŷʲô飬˵ŵʱֻᰲĴһԣżЦһЦ
ҲûʹôһֱǸǳõĵط棬еλһǳ˼
ϣȥӴľǽһֱûӦÿԴȥʶһ½ֱ죬ŵһζǸνĽо¡

µǰڱһ㣬վ˭
һ
ôˣ
˰죬ڿʱǰһ
ôôһľӣ˺ü㣬⻪¼ǰÿλؼҵʱŪôһӻȥ
Ǻôεģ
¾쿪ʼԼеҪŮˣ״УֻԼҲ֪⸱ģЩ
Ĳ˵·һ죬Ͱ͵ˣƽʱԲȥٲõˡ
ȥǡе㺦ߴһ־״̬С
ʢŻ£תͷһۣʢܹ衣
תͷ˵ЧҪȻǽţǲҩˡ
һԱߵǻع֮ǰԼõģŻµ£СԵˣϲԵģ԰ɣ
һ˵ţԱߵһ߻ŻŵİѺһĴ򿪣Ĳ˰ڵеĵϡ
ڽǳԼҪҪȥԡ
֮ǰⶣû²ҪܣҪװھԼװȥˡ
󣬻˲ѽӵԴ档
Ǽһƨܹܶ

㡣

ʢŻ£һڵһ΢˿
Ҷˡ

Ӱ

ڶ, ظһѾͱקȥͽϷһεյİĲ͡
ξͲˣʢһ˴ġ
±Ƶ, Ĺô졣
ڻڿԼ°뱲ǲǾҪôʱ, ڴϢͬû뿪ˡ
ֻǷŻ뿪ԭҲʲôϾһֱؿƿ, ǸµĸоǺĳЩ˴һЩס
¾ôʢ, ʢԱߵǽ
ʢƺҪ˵ЩʲôǺ뻹ס˿ڡ
ǳʱ滹Ǻ죬ɭɭ, ڸʲô˵һ
¸Ž˰ٲ, ƿŵһɲ, ͷƻͨ, ԭʱӦ˯Ƕû˯, ڴ
Żʹ˸ɫ, »˽ȥȻţѽ档
ʵ˵, ǰÿλ, ʱ, ͷһϾȻôһʱ, ˡ
һˡ¿ӣ˵һ, һĻҲû˵ȫ֪֮ǰһֻЦ˵˰, ͺá
ʵ˵ڸղŻһ·ϣﶼһֱЩģǲ֪ΪΣôһſڣͺȻԼ˵ء
Ȼû˯ֵһ֣һྡҲûжôļϴһᵭı飬ӱĬĬĺȲ衣
ȺУֻŲ֪ŪҶµĴŻµϣûԼոմӼʵС
ҿܡһʱ䲻ȥǱ߹ˡ̽˵
ûбϾǸϣΪµģֱӾְˡ
˵µְλǱ˸һɶֻ͵С졣
ºôװһ̿˺üģݽ˵һģǿӲҲڴһ¡
ô˵һҲڰٲװһ˵ǱҲ¶ڣһµݼǱĬġ
㲻ȥˡոջֻǺܵ˻µ仰ֱӴԺŵˣû£Ժÿ¶㹤ǮͰĵڰٲð¾С
ĵҡһûء
ȫûһ˵Ҹ㿪Ȼ϶ûǱ߶࣬ܣԺܵһĿˣ⽨ӣȻҸƯͻݵĹţôˡ
¿Լ߹򣬸ܵѹԼϵȻʶľԲֳ
šʱǲҪ̼ˡ

ڶ죬ŵİ۰չɨصʱͻȻֶŵİٲÿľȻ߻Ҫ硣
ĳǱ߿һۣľϵһģ̫ճջڰ׵ʱҲˣԲô硣
ƽʱʱ򣬰ٲŶǹŵģͷһοű￪ĻҪ磬ں棬ͳǱ߿һ¡
ûһᣬӰٲõĴ߳һˣһͭ裬װˮһ裬һֻſڵĵϵˮ
Ǹ֮ǰûмˡ
ĬĬ롣
ԷӦǱע⵽ˣǸ˺Ȼ̧ͷ￴һ̶ۣ˰ۣƺһ£Ȼ΢΢ĶЦЦ
һ㶡

ĳڰ׵峿˶Ի˵ĵһӡ
ǸܺƵ˰

عʱǸѾֽӣոձһˮɸɾģǳ
ǰûڰٲóֹģһ֮ǰ˵顭˾
㶵Ŀ˶죬عԼҲʼĬĬɨ˵أɨ֮ԼҲһ裬װˮ˵ߵſڡ

̫𽥵ոµһ졣
½ϰĹɨһӣ׼ٰѺԺɨһʱ򣬱ƽʱ˺ܾõһ١
˵ҪҪˣմ˻⽻úЪأô磬Ȼְ̧ġݺݵذ˻ºüۣȻԻһֵָңҰѰ
°ַŻԼ󣬼ᶨҡҡͷ
ںԺֲµʱȻ䵽ԺһǵĶԻµ¡㡣
εĺܺãƺܹΪôǡ
ʮֵĳû˻ȥֱӽ˴ãȥȲˮĽ
ڵĸо֮ͥ£ģģһ¹ͺܵһֽ
µĽӹֽԱǩԼ֡
ûдǻϵĿˣСĶˣЩǻȥҽ鷳ģ⽭ҪÿҪһµֻȥ
Ի˵ҪסĴ£ڡʡʱϷڡءʱ͵͵ˮԺҪˣһҪţı
֮󣬲ûʲôıʾ
Ȱ˽һ仰ȻŶ֪˽ʶ飬֪һܳʱĶѣǿʺͿʱǺԥԽúõ˼һΪʲôԼ˵
˾ﲻֺĻ˺и֪飬λġˡ˭
λŵλ
û˵ʲôʡ
ʲôû˵ֻ΢һ㣬Ҫ£ᴦú顣Ҳ̫Ȼ˵ˡǾ֤Ӧòµġ
ԭŻػһأճô£ڼ˺ü죬ڻʲô״Ǹ˾ȻҪ¡
°ҹ͵͵ߵļƻʹˡ
ҡǸӣӦҲû°ҹȥ
Ժ󣬻±ǿϣҲ֪ӦøЩʲôֻûûš
һӾһ죬ʱҲģҲױȵ츳
ʵģ˿ԱߴҩĵڰٲûһĵСʲô˼еĻͽһ¡
롣ǰ컹иرĴ£İˣȻĵһˡ
װģĸпһᣬȻأ
Ȼ󡭡ȻҲûʲôˣͦ˶ȵģв˶Ǯˣһ졣˵ЦôһʣҺȻǰֵμҡ
ʲôأȻ֪˳ԺĽϵЩʲôöҩɹˣȻǾ͸óԷˡ
Ŷ΢΢ľ˾죬תͷҩġ
ĬĬĿԶȥ˵״̬Щ̫ͷ
ôôͶԽӰ

ڻ

ʲôӴ, ǻܲĴ󵽰ЩԺ
˽½Ӵһ£յЩ鱨һ
⼸鱨ֵܵϹȥһµˡ
·鱨һۡ
ȻտҳͻȻվ, , ŵļһԼǷִԽһ顣
ӦûС
Ȼصֿһе鱨ͻȻ޵Ĳ¡
ô˵ء
վӲ˵ֻ𣿡

ġ
ڻϿһĻкܶ࣬Ȼ˻ϴһߡ
ڼѰһ, Ȼߵ˭ǰʱػϳֹǸ輧
ʱ˶ſǸ輧Ľ裬ȴ𱬵ʱͻȻʧ, ҲҲӰ
λˡһ, ˲ۻȻ
һ˾һֱΪĴ˾ȻǸˣһ˵ǽ˵Ͼͷ˻Ķ, Ϊָа, ıŮ˻ƯеҲôģҲͦ
һͦΪ硰һŭΪա˵վסˣҾ˼Ϊʲôٳһػϵ輧
֮, ɱֻҪһСС, Զ֮, ˾ͲôˣʣµĶǲ²⡣
һ˵ͱ֪, ڽϴĶǡΪһ˵ĶԹһ·׷ɱ
Ǹ硱ǻ£Ǹˡ, 硣
ⶫд鱨˻µϣûˡ

ôĸϱӵȫûв𣡸оĸ⣬ȫͿѭһҲ̫˰ɣ
ݸϱкܴĲ𣬻Ļֱ緹ġ
ֿ˼鱨ԽԽݣɴ˼ȥ
Ǳߴ˵ǲģϾΪһܴ֯һڴеİΧ֮±ӣѾܲˡ
⼸콭ҲֵͦģϾȺϲּĳԹ¼ȷ࣬ÿһζоһ
ҲϲԽĹϣֻҪԼ
⻨һҪ鱨ǾǻȻûб磬ӿ뻨ֻ಻١
Щ˶ǴĺģΪʲôѡ󲿷ַΪ࣬һǾûãԾͳˣһǿһ⣬Ҳˡ
мһˣǿǰʲôԲѡ
ֻķʲôȷķǴ󲿷ֶѻ°ݵ磬ͻ濴һˣ˴ͷβһֱվԱߵġ滨桱
ʱϹèӾȺõ˴ϢˣȻõӽȷĴ𰸣ǿϲɺء
ȺһɴϢõȷ𰸵ͬһˣֻ²֪ѡ
ʱһֱսļԼ˵ĴװͬʱҪÿҩװزӡ
һʼôֻΪҪķֻ֣ҪһװԱգͻٹĴԽϲָо
ڿ鱨ʱ򣬻¼һ仰˵
ż»ٲ˶˵仰ڿһģڴ󲿷ʱ䶼ǴһֽǮһֽˣ̰ĸƾһ
֪ǣ˽Ϊ״̬ĹܶΣһֱڶŻµȻ֪ͻȻͻһСư͡
ûз֡˵ԽԽˣһŻ³ȥʱĸٲļ˵
緢ˡĵ˵һŵ˵ԭʱһֱܵĶǴ
ĻǿߵġûֵĶϹɡ˻ȥʣ˵ôˣ
ܼ򵥡ܴ¡
˵һ仰
֪ͦ¾ʲôģϾӽܰѻ¸ӵԲС
ΪĻ򶼲ôŻˣ»ʲôʲô״̬
ҳȥ㶫һͻſںڸ˰һ飬ȥɣȥɡ
³ŵʱ̲סͷֿһۣ˵ֵֹġ
˵¶رСĵӣĴ
˰죬ûףֳţӭ͸պſڵİۡ
ۿۻ£˵ͷҲһ㶣˻кȻ
ۿۻ£⼸ΧĴү˵òôơˣЦӭÿһˣȴúûôЦˡ
ȷۺָһֿĵＸΣ󲿷ֵʱ䣬ԷǳĬվڹ̨ĺ棬ֽĵݸ˸ոհõҩģ˵һ仰һ֡
ʱĿ˿ӣᱻŵʶľٱˣ
ǵһμˣ¶ΪôĬԣʮ䵭ˣǰļǵ֮ǰϵÿһ˶˵ƢԸرĺãȻżô˵Ц
ӻ»쿪ʼ㣬ҲѾмˣֻһЦǵһϵһΡ
룬Ƕûôе֣ΪǰҲġ
СʱһȺСɱһѧ䣬ʱǲСƨǴӻġ
ʱĺõһСƨǵʱЦһȱ˸ЦǸʱ򣬾˸˵Цط첻ȥ
ȵǳһ죬ǵĵһɱһԼ¥ͬ顣
ƽʱͦģԲһ
ɴ֣ͷʵʵĵţ˺ܾúܾãһˣǸЦСƨ
𣬰۾ҲûЦҲûǿȱ˵Ĵˡ츳ܸߣҲܺãǺܿͳΪ¥ĸ߲㣬ҲһСӡ
ʱۿҲκϤӰӣǻǲһˡ
ЩվǲģǸˣıȰ硣

һСֵ£ΪǸСһ߿һ
۾ôĺԩ㱼ȴ־ãӦ
˶ǸЦĴС˺ܶǰһ죬ʵֻǰԼصĸһ㣬Ϊñ˷
˵ǸոմгģҲǾʲô뾭ɡ
ֻۻǵʶ¶ǸЦݡ
ǸЦݳΧո¡ȷͦһˡ
Ҫ𣿡ۺȻŻûԶĻµıӰ˵
ɣ**Ҹһ룬˵岻̫ãòӡ
˰۵ĻȵĻͷԥһŵˣлл
ҲûжȰ˵ͷͼͷԼˡ
»ͷǰߣļӿ˲뿪֡
ղǸ˽ɶǸ˰
Ǹˣ̫ˣе㺦¡
΢֣û취ӦԵľˡ



, һֱڰٲô㣬ǵҲһ¡ԣˡ
һ¶ûܴ, ׼ȷ˵ֻһڡ
ĳ컪ɨصʱ򣬾ͿˣıƽʱҪһ㣬Ի¾ʶͣеĶ, ̧ͷ
Ҳûзϻ߹ֱû°еɨ£ʰʰš
ʱûзӦΪΪˡ״̬ǲʲôģΪʲô˽¡
һֱߵϤС·֮, ڷԭ˽, ľŵ
⵽ô£СǰĽ⵽ô, ҲСĻص˽㡣
ʱµʵǺ΢, ΪΪŲҲ996, ڿⶼѾֹ996, ˼ٶûС
, ȻҲû, ⲻҪ
ܽαҪ˵ǳƽ, ǳֻһ˵ֲһ䣬һȥ֪עʲô𣿡
֪µ
Ҫֵ㣬Ҫ, ܲ˵Ͳ˵

ǰһŵСӣǸӴĹְΪһִԽˣҲܷЩ߰ĹְҲûǸְһ¡
Ǹǰʱ䱻ϽˣϾϸ˵Ǹְ֮ûˣôܻǸСӡ
ǰиְʱҲûʲôģһƽʱĵطͻȻûǸӵĲж
ȻᣬǲӦôǸŹȥ𣿡һãȻĿŽôˣ
ǰ֪ĵطȻиСţСűǰǸҪСһңٸһ㣬¶õͷȥˡ
һ˶ǴŽġЦǰȥǸйְߵĵطΪڻ𣿡
ͣĿɿڴ
˲á˵ķ⽨ᣬŶôѾûԽ֮ǰð
ȵȣҲߣˣºȻֵ˽һֱǸŵģȻҲһС
ҡҡͷʮֵ˵ǸѺѺ͹٣ȻҪһ·
˵קһºӣ±קһ򣬵۾͸ȥˡ
֪ΪʲôڿŽĪľһС˵־ĸоѺ͡ʹȻԷ˵İɣ
ôͻȻͳҪѺ͵ķˣʲô
±קȥʱ򣬾˵
һ̧ͷŷ֣ͽȻǴƽʱʱǸˡ
ѹƽʱ֪߻иСţŵλ趨Ǿʮ䡣
м˵һǸԣ˵ƺǺܼӣ˵ôģ˭֪Ҫҵĵʲô
ƽʱǿᣬһ˵ͰӲĲеǸ˵ϴүεİο⻹ϸõϿǻʱģôͳ˲õĶأ
ҲܣٸҶɼ֡Ǹ˵ҪȻȥˣУǵøҶǮȻһ·ҪǷ紵Ŀô죿
Ǹ˵֮󣬻˺ü˵̾ĲӦٻ˵ӣһŮ
̾ӲǱ˻ѹݻµľƣĿӦǾվǸһֱµԱЩ
ܺվţ˵˭⻰ͦţ
ƢĶôϴү˵ϴүҲûһεǣ˵ôôҪء
ϴү޵ĳ磬˵˱˵Ȼӣ˵ǸСӲϴүԼӰɣ
Ǯǿ϶ģܲСΪǡϴү𡭡̫࣬ʵҲܹһǻǿԴߵģ˾һ㣬ǹȥиӦ
һˣǸʵ
¼˲͸оӸųһ¡
˳ӽܰĸ˳ȥƹӣͿվĸˡ
һŮվǰǸĸоɻĪĴϿ˶ŵӰ·ҵ츸ĸֵܡ
վŵԶԾҪ࣬Ͷ̫󣬶ʮͷҵӣǸŮĺܿɰഺͣȫԼͬĿ߳Ļ¡
һղָԼһߣЩҲעⲻ˭
⼸Ϊ˱ԼͿ˵ۣŬԼɫòҰһ㡣ǵýһ仰Ҫ˵飬յϵġ
ȻҲųǰ챻Ѷ˵֢ڿ΢˵Ĵү˵ĸо
ϾѶļˡ
µĳǱȽ϶صģΪ˫ֱ˺棬˰˽ɫʮֵĲ԰ףʮֵᣬǱյĸˮճһһ
ԭǸվǰϴүֻһ˸оǳĲŻ߳ĶҲ𽥵С̶һĿŻ¡
ȻͱһƬ
һ㶣˵ǰǴûйİǵǰʱֻҪһǻ϶û˻ע⵽ĬĬҵһС䣬һ˴žͺˡ
ǰʱװԱյʱ򣬾ͱٲøĴү˽ǿ˸о̫ƽ׽ˣʱ»͵͵˺üˣǿǿʲô̶Ȼһֱûи
ֱڣŻȻ֡񡭡еģҪǿôһ㣿
ͷ˭ǸŴʱ򣬺Ȼһָ˻ʣΪʲôֱ˰ţ
үһˮûԼǺӵ۵ĵôܽͷأûòҲûôϰɣ
͵͵Ľ˭̨ô󣿡
Ǳ߳Ĭһᣬ˻¹˭ˣͦģֻҪ֪кܶ˶º鷳ˡ
Ŷˣһٶ
¶Թٶûô̫ĸƽʱߺͷᱻôҲúȤֻܵЩף֪ôˡ
˵˺еϵء֪ΪʲôȻеֻһ䡣
ˣǰץһˣϴүȻͳһ˫۾ĿǸΪǷˣԲҪְš
Ǹ仰ֻͷۻ£Ͻһ˿ԥ
˵үаһǰ￪ᣬǸСأﻹһΣͻȻɴˡ
û꣬ͱһֱߵǸǰ
Ǹ첻µزµ߹ʱʶ˺һȵӦ֮󣬲ָŻ£ϴү˵ι˹Ͳ;ʲô飿
ġϴүóȵȰİɡ

ͻȻư

¸Ǽ뿪ʱ, ʵЩ״ģϾһ˵飬ͱֵĺܾһ
ⶫҲǻԼܾģԵڶѰٲʰ֮, ͵͵ҳߵĲ·
ͷһγǶһ˳, ߼ûԼСЩ, ҲûнǸһ, Լִ˸˷ϡ
;Ҫ˻, Ǿ￴Ǽˡ
ô˵ָое㲻ͬģ˵ôǰߵЩ˺ôĶ, һΡͲ̫Ƕˡ
糿̫ոƽ, ¾˳ӵС·ϡߵ·ѾϤĲϤˣվûãͿվǱƺڵ˵ġѡ
ûüЩ˵, Ҳûдк, ֻǾֱ˹ȥվǱߵһֱͷ֪ЩʲôȵͻȻʶ߹, ͵һ̧ͷʱͱһ
㣬áŸ´˸к, ϳǵڳǼԱȽϰһ
ûи˵ֻ߹ȥһǹ͵ô
Ǹڻµӡ
, һ, һŮһЩ½ˣǸߴߴҲˡ
ιʲôʱģļСǸˡ
îʱ
Ļͦİʱ, к𣿡ǸŮֳŻǱ߿һۡ
ûûҡǸ˵

ҡҡλεʻڳϣѾǹ·ˣٺõĹ·ҲȲϹŴһͨ·
ĳϣʵҲ˯ţڳҲûʲô£ҿռСԱߵҲ죬Գ˱۾װ˯⣬Ҳûбɸɡ
иЦ˵ʱһڵ߹ϷֻΪûòΪ֪Ա˵ʲô𣬻ھô״̬
Աߵļߴߴ˵Ż¾ӦòǺԼͽȥǳûһεȥʲôط
ʱҲû˸˵Ҫʲôģ˵γȽ⣬ǱԼ˻Ƚ϶࣬Ҳżǰ˵ʲôϾʱ
Իϳ֮ǰȥﶼģԱи룬ۻ֪ʲôϸ¡͸¶
ǸһֱੲݵڻµĶ˵ţ¼ǵүй֣ǡ
С˵ôһ˯
ꡣԱߵ˶ŷʹɫ¾ܱ۾ҲܴǴŵ
޷Ǿǡ˯˾˯ˣ˯˸ã㳳ʲô
̬ȻǰҲһ㶼ŶӵпȺǵĲŻõԴ
ûԱһ롣
Ҿ˵˵ģģģ˶㲻ǵҪʲôڻµעܿתˣһʰԼĶһੲݵıԹ
Ͳò˵һ£˵ûһʲôûãǴһѶƺǺרҵӣһϳͰѶȫ˵ϣŷһĶǡʲô߰ĶС
ʲôëʣ·մѪߣ߰顭
ȻһﲻǴĶȫֻϴγԺûʰɡ
һʰһӣһȫӣֻҵĶ
ͷԼ˵׶ֻȥҸĶһ˵ţһߴӰͳ˶µĶüˢˢģҳײһ
ú棬͵͵ıǸ뿿˯ӣ۾Ǳ߿һۡ
ڵĹЩ谵Ŵһ㶼ӵģ⴩ڳͶɫĹ⡣
ͷһȷʵǼ飬ģЩϤ
һ£ǸƵ棬˲ǰȥĳĽҰιӵ顣
ŵģȻǼڡ
Ҳмˡ硱ľڡ
üͷײ΢΢һ£Ȼķע⵽ˣ⧲ľͿ۾

λƵǰ˰죬һֱʱһվ֮У˳׼վסһҹ˵
Եĸоĸ˶̬ȶЩȻͬУʵһֱڰĹ۲첢ĸо
̬ܶ΢һֻǸĶŮˣҲܸоĳֻΪŮ̸ߣҶĺҲǿһ㡣
¿վλãѾԼĲµҪȥĿʲôطˣ΢΢һ£Ҳû˵ʲôǺܰ¥Լķ䡣
ˡԱߵС˵һ䡣ĶСʣǳʱ򡭡нʲô𣿡
ʲôû
ĶŻ¸ո뿪ķСʹ˸񣬷˵ûУͷ˵ͦģôҲ֪
Աܾе㺦¡һкؽС˵ﷸ𡭡ĲЩʲô𣿡
˵Ļһ㶼ûʲôɡĶС˵ǿ¥һ۵һͷ˵ʱҲ׼˸ղڳϿҵֵֹģ֪ʲô
ֵֹģĶ仰󣬲Ҳ¶ֵ
ιôˣôˣһĶ˵񣬾ͲĿʼ
˶û˵Լͬ룬ȷΪ̫Բֵģ
¥һֱӰԼӵ˴ϣһƣӡ
ʵҲô˵Ҳϵ˺üˣҲúõЪϢһʱ䡣
ߵ·ûǴĻǳŻɽȥ·ǰйȥһΣڿվͲѾȷˡ
ôͻȻ;ȥɽˣҳϷͳǼʲô˼
һʼûʲô̫ȤģڵȤȤ̫ˡ
оЩֵֹģֵúúõ̽һ¡ΪʲôĽͺܶˡ
ǿ˼ӣԭŵľҲ࣬һ㶼һŮһģûԸ¼һӣԻ¾һסһˡ
¸Ǽ˵ӰţܹǼۡ˻ɽ֮ҪЩαװ·ٻȥ֮顣
ʱͲòʹԼڴϷȥ˰죬Ҳû˯š
εĴӴ׼һ˯
ʱͻȻڴ߿ϤӰһǰһĳվ߽
ؤҿɸ˵̫ˡƤЦⲻЦĶ·˵ȻܻŻ
ǣ𣿡·ûӣ۷Ź⣬ȻôãҲ治װ
ˣ˰дʲôˣһЦһ߶·˵£ôԵľӡҿѡ˺ü䣬ѡҪ֪
Ļ˵һ룬Ͳ֪ͣסˡ
·ɫɷףͻȻ̧ͷ¥ϵİιôˣôͻȻưˣ

ӽɽ

ڶ, 賿
һ𴲰æԼһ顣
֮ǰǴôģֱһν
Ҫֵˣܻ, һĵطʲôֽ, ϳǰһҪϸļһ飬ȷԼᱻСط
Ȼ֪, ͷһԼ
ϾǰŶнЩ߰Ķ»Եͺ, һξͲһˡ
Ȼûɶְ, ôҲǸǰǰˡ
ļһ飬ֱ¥һˡ
, ·˻ǸҪһ, ˵ϢҲǳˡ
ǰɱֱϢҲ⣬, һŵ˾ȻҲܼ, νĺܶˡ
Ȼ¾ͷԼˡ˿ܲǶ
ˣӦֻǵĳ֧Ķѡ

簡ʱ, ºаѾ극, Ⱥò, ˲ԼͬĿֲϢĪ
ˣʰʰǾͳɡ翴ʱ, ӦܽǣǾʡһʽǵǮ
ô磿۾ɫ, Ķ˸УߵҲˡ
һߺȲһСĿһȦ
ûз·ǸӲ̫ѡ
¥Ͽ, Īһ˿ΥıﲻסЦ飬ֱӷȥһˡ
˫̫ԶԻʵҲû˵ʲôֻ·ʶľͻֳ˿ֵϢΧɵĲˡ
е㵣˻᲻ֱ¥Ͼ˵̫Ļһֱñţһ·ǰȫ¶ھͻˡ
˾Ȼһ޶ûҽϣҲû˳
ô£Īʵûпֻһ
¿ʼԼ΢źĸ˳ʧͦҡ
һ˷ʰʰϰѷ˰ɡĶССڵĺ
ǸİȻˡ
ţÿ찡ʲôʱ˵ģĶ˻ԴȵĿŰ硣
ӡ
һĬĬĻ˵
ŵ˵ģ¶һʱͻһʱǮǺȵ඼λ翴׼⸽Ȼȥġ
ػȥô磬ΪҸԼ۱ߵڸոյһСʱѾֵչ̨ıԣû硣
ͬʱʼĬĬԼһ䷿˷ǮЩǮð̨ܼ尾
ѽˡƺʶֻԹһЦЦ˳һ¶ѡ
ǳԺ˾ʰ׼·֮ǰĬĬתͷһվȵûϤӰʱתͷ뿪
֪ǣոճŲãջȻ˼·Ͱ͸ϰȱһȻʼһһڵĴŴ
ˣҸղŻΪˡ·һŵĶ԰
ıʾʲôŵհףԼؿڣз۵ļƣŵ·æ¡
ôͻȻֻͷһȦջعİĺ·ָָԱǵϰ壬ʾСһ㣬ͬʱ΢Щֵһ°û½ıֵֹģ
ˣ
һֱЦ˺ܲõӣͷβûЦһ˰Ȳ衣
ַ˸ۣ·ΪֱȱˣæҪؿڣһס磬΢һòãƽʱ˵̬Ȳǲӡ
ǵҲǡ·ĬĬ²۵ǿһ㶼ˣֵֹģǡǰЩҵˡ
Ա߸ŵǼ˭ְͦǼ˵书ҲߣֻǸСеһС书һ㡣
·ҡҡͷ㷢ûǺһ·ġ
һų˳ȥſŵķƣոջȥķдšɽ֡
ᡪɡ
ʹĲҺվþ޷ɢȥ

һ·糾͵ĸ·ظŰסƽʱҪ˯
𽥵ԼϵĲ԰ָϣڵĿĵ֮ǰȡһ۸жĿǰϻǴŵ㲡̬ġ
Ⱥһܹ߰˵ûгʮ仰һʼҲ̫Ӧö֮ҲϰˣΪû涼Ե̫塣
Ϊʵǡ̫˵ˡ
ӡķ⣬ʣµļ˻⼸ҲһЩӴ
Ƿֱǣ̸ߣ˵ºĶ΢С˵㣬ȵĺؽԼͷβĸ̨ϸ硣
ֻ߰ǽܹԼ֣õĻǻ
˵¡
һҹ˸ͨͨСջЪ£աǰ˸Լ۱ߵĿջ
һ˽ȥסʱ򣬻һδѰս
Ǹ˲ŰǰϹˣӦڻݵĵطԷⷢȡ
ջԶڳнΪĵλãǵطĸ֮أվȻҲǳĺãҪ˽ϣʺĵط𽥻
¿˿ˣվЩ˾Բһˣطϸ˵ѾԿ˻ɽı߽磬ǽٷɽ֮Ҳܶ࣬мζ˻²ܻΪģֻĸ˻̫ѡ
ڿ쵽ˡһſϣһ޿ӡ
ѾʲôˣҾҸúõϢһ£˳ٺúõϴ衣ؽҲԱĬĬ˵
ڴ¥ݵһϣһļ˶ûʲôθڣһڽͷĳ˵Ϻ˹ģҲİ
˸ѽûû˵ģʱǸͷ
õġĶȰɽǰ·ǶѾˡҵ취ġ
˵ҲǡһԼеͷ·йߡ
һ߳ԣһζ˵һ䣬ⲻǻλ˵Ҫһѵ𡣡
˵ʱ۾ƳԱߵĻ£Χļȫ
߰ʲô鶼ûϳ˯ϾͻطйཻӣҲֱǡ
һĪĸУȻⲢ˻ῴŵķϣһ겻˵ġˡɵԼСȦ
෴̬ȸ֮һεǽ
²û˵ʲôһ߳ͷһ͵͵ĿԱǼΧһԷˡ
Ǻȵҵľƣĵ
Щһ죬һ޵ѹȴʱʱıһЦ
ⰲĿţȺƺԽԽ񫡣
һĴЦһһת۽µһʺ΢΢˻µ۵ס
¥ºȻԼеͷ
Աĸտʼϣûü¶ʵһ̧ͷ
һβûбưͣĵġظһԼĻ¥
ΪʲôеͷĿ
Ҳ׷ͣϵĶ̧ͷŻ¡
΢Щ谵ĵƹ£ǿ¼Ӱ
޳ָĻһ£˵֣ˡ

ſ

һѾϢתƵ¥, ûͷ
˵ĿǰǿһЩң䲻±ĳһ仰Ǻܯ}˵ġ
Ⱥһ߾ûһ仰˵ܲˬһ߾ëë, ˼ǰ, ¥
¥Ͼ, ߵԭ򵹲ΪģΪȺ˵Ĵ
Ⱥɱ˵, һ죬һô
Ѱ˵ֻһһ˽, ϸˣ´Ϊ书ȽϸߣܹȺ˵ʲô
˵ƽʱĻһ˾¥´Ųȥ, κθһĻĸ, ܶ;һ, 鷳
ֻ
ߵķڶˣ
¡ĳ֪Ĺͬ־е, ˡ
ĳδõǿ֢, ȴĸΧڴߣϸĿоʲô
ʲôˣؽС˵
֪ҸոʲôûĶһֱŬĳ濴, Ϊ˵ָʲô׷ǣȫûпǹ֮ͥ¾ͰǵȺˡ
µЩЩӻʲôǿվϺ˵ڴ
¥ûһ͵ȥǲҪ
ʣµĸ۰Ͱ͵ĿŻ³, ŻµıӰ˵ιǲҪԼȴǲǹ˵㡣
ȥؽĵ
ıӦǾ÷϶ûôĵӣԿ϶ȥģԴһ䡣
û뵽ƢԸе棬ǣŲߣŵֵġ
ʲô˼ĵȥƾʲôȥұʲôˣ
ȵȣȵȡؽˣ𶯣˰ɣ
ҾӦ¥ȥġĶȻ˵Ȼһֱôϲ˵ô˵ҲǸһģǲһţһʲôҲû취Ӧ
˿ٵĶֳһ㲻ҹͬ˼
ô˵ҲǸﷸӵǻµġĶϵ˵
仰˵˵ϣ˵û·˵ݡ
˵˸ǰʱ˵õ£֮һĿԣҲ⼸ʧְ
ĸ͵͵ſڣĶȱżšһֱ̫ˣܹûһϸǵҲ
¥͵͵ȥֻһǻھƸ׸ʱʱ̧ͷʲô
λ͵Ǽ̸ľλãϾǴʹҪ͵ҲҪһЩġ
ʼԻɽĿǰ״ĺϾǷǳɽķΧˣȴܳôģķӴͥڵȺߣҺڵӣⱾ˵һЩ⡣
ȷ˵ķҪţҪһԶԱȽϡ·ٲ˻Ϳ֬ĨۣԱ۾ڸǵר̫˳ûĵطֹԼʲôԾ
ǶЩ̸˵أѾԵһ۾ϳǷӵĵزˣϳŶԷһ˽Ҳϳ
ͺ˼ˡǻɽɲֻǹģһĦ˹ӣ˳˼
ˣҪҪ𣿡վھƸԱߵĵССվõĻ¡
תͷĬĬĿһۡ
һҵյӡ

¥ϵļ澵Χ˻ƣȻһžƺڽȵӣС˵˰֧Ϊһ˺Ⱦưɣ
һ˶žƱ;ƺһһ
ԱҲûˣҲһ˺ҾƵĻʮֵĶԹĸһƬط
¥ϵķԭֻڿŻºȾƣǿſţǵĿڷ˱仯
ЩֻԵڴɽУղ¥£ǻֻųԷȵ¥ϣһԸ¥µƿʱǲŷջһЩȷʵ̫Ծ
ʱ˿̣Ҳ˲˼ոհǸŪ¥Ļµˣһ˼š
ССͨ෴䣬ľ˸߰˰˵ӳǵ۾
ֺε̽鷽ʽ澵ӵʽأҲֻмСټֲʣЩڵһοʱпܻƷ
㿴ǼˡĶСָžм۽Ǵļ˵ǡǲǸһҲǳҶģ
ôģؽʡ
ǵЬӺܽʵܺӦþǵġĶҪǸոóһؤ
ؤӣ
ɽ߽ЩȽϽõľؤؤǱϢһֱͨĶһҪϢڱĵطҪҵ¥ڻɽҪҵؤ
һŵ˻ɽɽ£ȥؤʿءû뵽Ҳֹ뵽һС档
¥˵ʱȺȻһ̧ͷ¥Ͽһۡ
˫һ̵պþͳСС֮С
ĶĻڵͷ˼ķһ۾ǸˣĵʱЩͷأ̧ͷþ͸Ǹ˸ӡ
һ˲䣬ĺͣˡ
ڹŴĹղãһľӺܶһδܼһΣڷУǸӦֻǴһ¶ѣϳʲô
˿Աߵļ˵İɣֲ˵ġ
仰ո˵꣬˺Ȼ¶һ˿ζЦݡ
Цͷ·һܹ˵Ĺͷ
Ա߼ͬʱһ£þӵĶ˲ϣȻԥС˵һ䣬ܣ
ĸ˶˵һ̵ĳŷ˹ȥȻְŹϡ
һڽȾأȻͿǱһվ¥˹ȥ
Ҳһ㶣˵¥ʲô
ոջµעһֱǱߵķȻȻĵطעԷɢһЩҲûע⵽¥ϵ顣
¥ĵڸͻȻ¥ԭ򣬺ôһϵ
ڷĶҴææһֽֽд˵Ҫ
ǸӦûпǣֻ˵ˡ
⸽£ɽ·ʮģ˳ʲô䰡Ҳü
ƺǻ⸽кü䣬һһŵƣ뿴ĸˡ
ܴ֮ã˵ۺԴˡ
ǸƵĲְǴһÿһ̤ǵǵ
ȵȡ
ĶȻѪˡ
ˣǵ
žĿռһȺǱҴһС̸ҪɵĶˣ
ǸԱߵķ侲ʱǳľãõǶѾƺһèϷϷǸ˲ڻ˹ͣǵſڡ
ͻȻƽˣϺȻû˿ĻţҲüƽ͡
Ǹ˾Ҫˡ
ۿ־ҪŰֵһɲǣҲѾ˶㡣ֻзıԽԽƽ
Լǰѽ

ȻڴʱȻһ
ҷſʲô
µһƺߵǸ˵ǰ
ſںȻͶһӰӣƺ˵ǰ

װƶ

ڼҵ, ǰˣʵȷʵǲ, Ȼôˡ
Цĸоȴסˡ
⡭⼸¶ѹؼʱ̿Ҳͦ˵˵ȫһİζ
Ͼ˵䲻ô, ǰǽcλ, һĬĬĶں棬ͷһȫվcλġ
²ò˵ԼǳϤǵĹ, ʹ˵ӦòǺܺ, ϾӦøϤŵĹ
վſڣһ϶ûиԷ, ֻǰĿ
ǵĹǡ˭ȭͷ˭˵㡣
µȭͷѾܴˡ
ȻĿŶǸ, Ϊûʲô, Դʱ˲֪淢ʲô, ֻƾȥ¡
ûʲô飬еľζǸҲƾһ˿㣬ϳ˻Ǹղһһƣ¥ºȵǸˡ
һͷǳǵ, ǸĪһʮǿҵԤС˶ǳĿ¡
֮ԤС
Ǹ˾Ŀ˻°죬ԼԤ֮, ʼˡ
¿ĬĬ뿪ط, ȵӰȫʧ󣬻µ۾һ
иβ͵ĻڹںҡΡ
һκ
ɱôȫû󵽰
⻹ͷһλûɱ, һˣһηԼȻ츳˵״оȻ츳
Ҳǡ״еһŴеȻҲסôˡ¹ǲǱĻڵģͶˡ
ǻԼ̫ˣӲİһŴеŪôûƢӡ
ڵֻӰصı任һ£ģոǸ𽥱ƽӰȥˣովſڵǸӰһֱվ
ʲô
ļšոǸ߲ƣǻһ͵浽׳ʲôµģĵģǸ˾ˡ
̾һĬƾһ㣬ȫ²͸ʲô
ոճ˽ķֽ˻ȥ
һ۾˹⡣
ű˼£˺ͣһᣬȻŷӦӦ¡
ǰŴ򿪣Ϳûʲô
Ǹˡ
ƽ˵

Ķʱ˿̲ŷԼȫǺæ͵͵İסСĵĿ¡
ոû˵ʲôֻ˽ȻŴϡ
Ķ¸ոǸ֮ƺһεĬոյֳĬʵ˽µĽ
ոǺһСľͿ˽֮еһǳص򣬶ҲǸˣͨ˸Ǹ֮ž޴ĸң֮ԼĶطʽ̸
أֶͨ˾֮ǧ
ղš˭ؽ
Ǹոճˣûлش𣬷Ƕһ졣
ǸӦòĪľһ¥ˣ϶ǿʲô
µĻһʳļ˲ԵĿԣ죬ֻĶһ˲˼˵Բ𣬸鷳ˡ
Ҫšµпܻ
ӵһ׼ǡһһСۡ
ԣصСۡ
һӶ߱ģǸܹѹ״̬ɵ¸ղֻǸţûж¶ôһ֡
¥»вǸ˵ͬ飬ǻȥ֮һѱºڷ֡
µҲûôżʱϴûʲô𣬵⼸һ΢Щˡ
ǡ㿴òϻһطĶСʻ¡
áҲû˵ʲôöԸӻڻջġ
˵ˣǮˣʱ򻻷䰬ǻˡ
ЩŵĿŻ£ĴѰ
״ȻЩΣգôټ˷ɢ˯Щ̫ˣ˼һ
Ӵ̿¿ռ䶼Щ̫ϾⱾһ˫˼䡣
¸ոշһĵص㣬ǾﻹиӣӸڰٲ˯Ǹӳơ
סһ𡣡ؽ˵ĵĿ˻һۣƺǺʲôԵĽ飬Ǽ˼һͺˣҿԴ
áµĵ
⼸˵۾ĬĬĺһˮеط

ҹջѾ˵ơ
¥µ˽ıһ㣬ղŻںȾ죬Ҳʣ˼ˡ
Ǽһһ䣬ҲĶһ䡣
Ķ˯ڴϣڴ̡
ͷŰ߲ľ·ŷ͸һ˿˿ůɫƹյĲϡ
ϸһССıӣ˫һ֪ʲôӡ
ԥʣ˯Ŀ𣿡
ԡ
·˸Ĵ˸У˵ʵرƺСһ˿˿ؼҵĸоһ¾
棬ָǸСӣ˼üŪۡ
ؽʾͣһ̯֣һʮεӣֻĶ˵ǰһоͳɡ
û˴
ĶҲûлģ¶һЩεЦЦ¶СĸŸȥȻϨ˵ơ
˲ͱڵӣ¿ǵůɫƹ˲ʧ
͵͵Ĵ˸ССĹУȻ󼸺ڼ֮ھ硣
µǲԼҹᱻɱʲôģΪ˯κεķ紵ݶѾΪɱֵıܡ
ĸ˵ǲ̫˯š
е۾ڰ֮лܿһ˫۾
е˾ܱ۾ǴڻԾš
Լ쾭飬ﻹ߬ʣµһССһ¥ϣʱû
ŰǸ˵ĶԽԽ˱ĻҪһ㡣
˵ֺȷʵӡûв´ĻӦǰǸ˸ߵģƽĶۣȷǷǳһˡ
ֲͷʱһҪǰϡ
ֻǲϲƽʱ˵ˡ
ĻݣǴҶˣûװʲôư
ʵǱȽϲ¡
һװƣһǱװƵˡ
ӱƸԼߵˡ
ڴССķ˸һԼͲֱߵĽţ־뽣ԽԽˡ

㱼˯˺ҹȻһ˿ϸ΢죬˯оǺĥһ㡣
Ժ룬ʲôأ
Ŷˣһ£˯֮ǰͷһҪ顭
͵˯оҪȴһѰ˴ϡ
۾ֻС¾վǰһְסһʾҪ˵
ƹԱ߻ûвˣߵǰӻͳһѲܳĵ

Ѫ

ȷʵ, һֹһ
ں涢׻ʹ˲ܶԸĲò˵ľȷʵ㡣
ȺҲŴ˺ü, ҲûΣ԰ʱҲһʱ˻š
ǰˡͺ񾭳Եľһġ
֡
, һˡǲᾭɣ
ʹ΢оˣʱҲҪǳСĽϾ˵Ҳͻ״
˵, Ĵӵ, ȻСĵҡԱ߻˯ŵˡ
Щ˼ʱһסǵ, ֹǽг
ᳵ·˹, Ҳôᳵ·ʵ˵ⳡǰһȺΧ»ֵĳС, ǰĳ涼Ȳ, Ͼʱһ˶Լʮˡ
ϱĴһ, һֻ۾ﳯ
ʱ˿Ȼˣûӱ, ºͷߵǴ
ĪеЦ
ĬĬһָͷǸ, ٵĴȥٶȽһ⧲ûһɱֵ
˲䴫һɱĺУ²İֳ˻ȥϸϸ죬һиŭ, ǼСӡ
⼸˿ôçҲе£ȴҲץ
˵ƣ΢ĵƹ͸˽
±ΪȺҪأؾصĵȣղŲҽеǸ˵⼸ˣҪǻųͷ
ʼײţҲΧ˹࿴ţ˼ŶԲߡ
ӴڳȥҲһ취ʱǸºڷߵϣҪǴӴȥ¶Χ·Ҳұ֤ûˡ
¿ײŵǼˣ˵ĵĲ˨ɾǼײʱһþ;͵˵ϡ
˵ܣʣµǼҲ˳ȥȥʱֻջžûһһ
·Ŀͷ⣬е澲ĵģûһ죬еĸɴûУ¶²͸ǻ
⸱ǳëȻ˵ЩطǰʱϤĵطһ·ֻЩ}ûţֻл¸ĵ
Ϊʲôзӵĵط첻ǳʶ
ǸϱҪˣ¥ɱֹȥ˶ŵԺġ
ϤҹϢһ˲˻ؼҵĸо
һ㶼ûйΧƬһĳһȵǰܡ
ôһܣĳ嵭һЩΧΧüɹġ
ոڻļЩˣٶһ֣ǿŻ»ܣҲܿͻعܲ˵ĸ塣
Ʋ⣬ջܱĳľݵ㣬ΧȺ˶ҩˣȺҪֵʱ򱻷ˡĻк֣ܶͿϲһ֡
¥ݿڣһ¥վźüˣ󣬲Լͬĳ߿һۣޱ飬ͫʺġ
ѽĶڻµ䲻̧ͷͿһĻŵòСĺһС
˻ĬĬһ
زڻڱ˵ĵ̡
ô䲻һҲǲ֪һһֳȷͦ}˵İ
⼸Ӹķǻôһƣȴһ㲻ͬǵޱ鲢ûбֺܳʱ䣬ڿ˻֮ǵȻͽ̶ԽԽš
ͺǱ࣬ƤҰһ㣬ʱ˿̣¶ִǻʱѿȻ¶һ޳ݡ
¼ķ˵Ҳмǧˣǿ⼸˵ʱ򣬻ǲײü
⼸ӵϣŹǿҵΥ͸У֮ǰķӡ̫һ
ǿҵΥ͸ڣϵġԡʵ̫ǿˡ
֮ǰ¼ЩӻԳ֮Ϊˡ
⼸ӡĸоǺܲͷ
ЩĶŻ¶ݣʱᳶǵѪһ
ЩӾ˺һˣǿŻǵӣͺʳ⶯￴ԼһºɣһõľɱС
ԽķԽ£²ûжǵģȻ½ž洫һ˵ץģǼҪɱǣһץģǰǸСӣ
ǰǸСӡתתͷȷʵ˵
ŶǼϵɱӲıסˣȻֿȴҲǷŬԼѣɱ˵ѹƵֿơ
ָоǡһ׺ݵĹҪҧ˵ǰһ룬Ȼս˲ϵӣյĳͷҲָо
ʮֵ˲
µüͷ΢ɲһ£ҲǺϲǼӴϢǺôҲǻ죬⼸ܡ
¥һ۾ˣ濴һȦսĿ˻µϣЦ
СӣҪ㸶ۡ
ޱĽת˸Ȼһ˳˾Ͳȥ
ûܣҲûҪֻͬҲץģϾе⣬ôһ¡
Ǹ˵ʱ򣬴ӿڴͳһСӡ
ڳķ£Ļ¾Ǹе졣
ʶͣ˽Ų
Ȼȵһ˲䣬ǺѾˡ
ˡһﶼһס
һЩ׳ĳǼһ𷢳ɳɳ졣
ͷƤ飬һ˲֪ʲô
˵ĳź溰һſ£

ദô죬⻹ͷһô˵
һ˿֡
֣һ˾ȻҲ˵
˵ͰסԱߵĺؽһѰסһԵ˵ϡ
ǵƿ̫ʲô΢΢̧ͷǱ߿˹ȥ
ĳӣɫģŽģЩʵ࣬ǸͷӴ
ӣɻ󣬳ʲôµģ
ȻʱĿһֻӾͽ䵽Աһ˵ϣĿ̽Ǹ˵Ƥ
˲䣬ͿֻӵĶ͸˺ɫ
ȥﰵһȻԥſڵأ˳·סԼ¶Ƥ
»ͷһοųûгֱӳűȥģЩ˱Ѫ֮ӣʼ
ӡҲͦçоΧǸһ˵ĳٶ۸С
վǸ˱һʼİЦٵŻ£촽ʼ
ֱ㶵ĿŻʣЩӡôѪأ
ǰҲ˵ôҵѪأ
Ի
ʻҲᣬҾһĵʾ䣬ǶǸ˵ɫȴıòҰ
ָŻ£˵㣬ǣǡ
ոհԼɵʵʵķȻʾ䣬ʶס˺

ȻǸֲûб˵
ΪǸһУȻԥ¥

ʮ

ȵ, 㶼û˵꣬ʲô
ſڵĿɿڴ, Ҳ˲ΧЩˣŴӵȻǱ˹ȥ
Ҳûж߼ͣΪЩӶҿȥˣϾԼЩӸϡ
ô˼룬˾ѾûӰˣŹ˵źԱߵļҲ
ǼԶԶ, ȻǾͷһ¡ֻҪǲȥЩӾͲᳯǷɹ
Ȼ㲻ȺרŷųһѳԼô, ȻѾ, δЩֻ
һ¡ոİ翴˿ǱҶ˵ĳӣЩԥ˵ⶫҺ
ţ˵ĿⶼͶϣۿһϲ˵İļ١
ϸĿ˼룬ϵı̲סԽԽ, ǸǹƳ氡رֵǮģһֻۣôôࣿ
˵Ȼ̲סǰȥ, ļһεץסˣ޲ֱӰ
ôֵǮԱ߼λҲһ
ð˸̨һС¶ԵľһʴǮⶫȻһӳô࣬͸һ
˶ʼ˸ո¥ǸǸи˵ͨĵطӦòмڸһסĿջ
ǳ, ȫ벻Ϊʲôᱻô
ϸ۲һǳӵģĬĬһ¡
Ǯˡడ
׷Ǹһ·¥ʵҪ˵ʲôѾ³ˣֻ֪ΪʲôֳӵķӦ˵֡
Ǹ˱Ƶ棬Ǹ˵ıʮֵľ֡
·Ż˵Ҫ£ǳôһ¡
ҡҡǸһ˵˱Ե²ƽۿžҪߵʱǸ˺ȻʮֵŤƺڼž޴ʹࡣ
⧲ͿĶƿȻɳһֱֻ
ҡȥ
Դĳˣ廹Ǻܿ׽סֻӣȻ˶˺Ȼص
СĿռʱѪζЩ£ȴֳ֮С
Ȼո˶˵תͷܵĶкȥӡ
ԭֻǵĺ̫
ղһܾЩʶڼٻϵ輧ǶʱҲ
ʱ˫һ֪ˣǸ˵ҲͬĶѣɳһֻӡ
󣬻¿˿Լֻ֣Ӷצӣӵģڻһ±һֻͨĳӣſڻµֱһ
ͬʱǼ˿ΧЩǶӱѪ˵뿪
ǾʲôͳһָһȻĳ¥Ϸȥ
ոջķ͵һ̧ͷͱڵĳһ𾪵ʣǶôˣ
ĻԵòӦΪԣļ˸һ¡
ԣһ˻ǡǡġ
ǿǿпסİض˵ǰ壬ǳûа취סˡ
ʣµŵһעͳɹı˳ȥ
ܰˣ
һ߿޵Ĳҽţǿ˱ԼƵġ
һߴԱ˸װӵͲһ߷ɿ¥ܡ
Ŀɿڴ׷Ҳһ¥׷ȥһټɹ

¥ϻЩĪ˸أϾҲɱʣȴҶ
ıﻹûгӣͺȻ¥´ֵ
Щ֣Իûס̽ͷ¥ݿǱ߿һۣȻͿ˴Ա֮ΪȾһĻ
һȺӷźĳĳ˹ÿֻӶι״ģЩƳһֻһ
ʵʲôܸӰģһȺӱֵǸˡ
ۼ˸ź⣬Ǹӣʱ˿ȴȷӻҪİ磬һߺšܰһɱһ
Ҫǿб裬ǵŵһ¡
⣬СĵһȻŰٶҪܶ࣬ԵȵʱЩѾȫŻ¿ʼתȦȦˡ
׷ʱ򣬿ľǰһĻ˱˴ԣȻ˵һʱ俴ĶǵϲǸˡ
˲ԼͬĵһȻŻ¿˹ȥҲǣ˭Ҳ벻ԼģƶΪǻִǸ˵קġ
Ķˣ־Ȼ֮ݣҷһֱһ⡪ǰ˵һ仰ʲô˼
иܲõĲ²⣬Ǿǡ˵᲻Ϊ˵ʲô˵Ķ˿ڣ
ˣʵỪ¿Ű粻˾Ѿˡ

Ķᶼ΢΢ķǱߵİСĵĺȥ磬
ԲûйעǾʬ壬ע⵽ЩӵļǮʱ۾ֻЩˡ
µһֻӣӵĴСΧӵΧЩֻķɣ˿ս
ӳȻģ͵λð˸Ĳ²⣬ǳ˷ܵĵǸӡǸһΪΧЩӶΪ
ƳʲôΪ𣿻²̫ܾΧĳ˵Щ̫ˣڲڵĦͲ֪ʹһ֣ϲķҲеġ
ΧЩӡʵ˵ͽڵпĳЩ̫һ
̫ʵЩ̫޶Щ
Ҳûж˵ʲôŰ˷ֵֻܵӸң
ģ࿴ħһʶľͰ죬ܿ
磡𶯣ԱߺȻΪʲôֻҲȻ£Ӹһֺܲõĸо̫ˣܾðӻ¡
ֻӣ缤˵һֻʮһֻøңȥаȻһ׬Ǯòã
Ŷ𣬻ˡĻ˲һλ
֪ⶫҪҷɵĻ־ʹˣ⻪¿ɼʶǿ˵Ķģһˬǿ˭˭
¾ĿŰ磬ֱڰڼĿ⿴ʱһ벻¡
ĺ£ӲİѳӸˡ

ܾԺ÷ѡԼмʶүǵļĻԻŽȥϾ˶ͽʮĵ
ڵ£ĶкؽĵһӦֻһ
ˡ
Ӱ硭׷ˡ



ǰ϶زū, ǴûʵԵȵʱͷһθֶܵԡ
ӿҪιȥ, ֻʱֹı, ƵıʶȥС
˼룬ķҲ˹΢𾪵ĿŻ¡
ΧЩԭķţڻֻԺЩֱÿȻɿĳֻȥĳӷȥ
°ѳӵʬ˵, ĬĬĿΧЩΧȥȻܵһһŰѳӲ
֪ǲڴ̼, ֪ӦðѰ, ȻһǲܿƵˡ
ֿһ۵ϵЩӣӴһļǮֱôǮ, ⱲӶʲô͸ʲôˡ
ǰ¾ʮֵһһŰѳӸȱ⡣
۲ϵĶ, ·Ь, ƽʱɿҲرǮˣָɰͰ͵ĴͷǼвȥ, ˻İԵ
ֻʱ, ȻܰЩһµĲȱ, ʵ˵ǰˣԼĶеͨͨ
ˡѵȫ㲻Ǹʲôõ
üͷ, ˵ƽһֱֵֹģܸһ˵ԱոоĪ˵ˮƽ֮£
Ӷ֪ǸʲôõĻ, ȿȣǷǿһƽǧӡ
Ȼǣôͻĵľһ񾭲
°һֻӲȱ⣬Щ˻ˣ²ʩԵĿһۡ
ǰ㡭ȰһȰ硣ĶСĶŻ˵ʵҲ²ӵĶһᱬ˵İô˵ҲҪһȰһȰ
ν廹ϵˣĶҲԼС˼ǼӦûѹԵƣԵºúõġȰһȰˡ
¿˰һۣġĽһ䣬ж
Ǿһ
Ȼˣ
ĵĵ˻ʮ룬һ仰׼˵ʲô
ʮӹȥˣµĵͷʼ˳ӵʬ塭

ܹ˵ôһ仰ͻ粻أ
ŭĺƳ϶жйƳûģ˵꣬ת¥ȥûŸӲա
ȻҲпԱһ˫ʵֵȷ򲻹ԭ򡭡
ûȥǼˣСİЩӸռװŵһС档
ֵһֳӣǹƳ棬кܶط˵
ǿȷһ¡Щ֪ݺ󣬼ͶãǲǾͬˣ
ţ֪Ϊʲô¶һ˿΢Ц
ܸо·̡һֱˡ

Ժ󣬶ڵձһһĹ֡
ƽʱ绹ܸ˵ʲôڿֻǰͷתȥ޲û´ǰʧ
Ķ˵ģҲóĬ
֪ⲢʲôֻΪºͻ˵˻ŭ磬Բѡ
ϾһʮֻпǮʱŲĸ̨һʲôʱ򶼲̫£֮£Ķ϶ѡ䡱һ²һԵĻµġ
ʵĶԼҲȷ¾ûио䵽
һ˻ɽ
ɽһĵط
Ǹֹལ͵ɽĿеıʥأϱ״ѵңͬʱҲϱӻȥľ֮һ
ҪûݵĻ˵ʮġ
˻ɽֵֹĸоʧˡҲûΧֵķǡ
վɽ£ɽƮŵЩп
ɽһĵطǺɡ
ĸɽеıȻɽôһأɽɹͺͺģһ࣬ʮֵƽ̹
ɽͲͬˣ߶ߵɽ϶еԶԶȥǸСɽĵطҲƣһǲʲôһ֮ʵͶӰˣʮֲ˼һ־
ط˽ܵ鰡Īĸп
ȻִʮֵķµĸоִΪξĻɽҪ
ΪŽһɡɽɡ
ǵ֮󣬾Ͷ˿׼Ҹطס£Ȼȥؤ˵Ϣʮֵͨ
²ûд磬뵽һˡġ
ǰԴϴ˻ɽ֮;룬Ϣʲôܱҹǰأ
ǼһߵԱͷˣûָȥʲô
¾ԼòÿʱȥһҹģͿһмĴǰ߹һǳ˵ӡ
磡ĶںεĺһֻͷǸĿۻ£׷˹ȥ磡
ؽӱӣŻ£΢Щε˵Ȼ߰ɣҪȥʲôط
¿ۺؽȺڸ͵ˡ
ԸȽʵڲʵͷϲ˵Ը񣬿ɵǡԸһ
´ĪڸУЩʵûз֣ϲؽš
ȥҲﲻʲôæҿʲôĵطɡؽȴԸµദʮֵĲӦ
ķӦֻһСĽ˻һĲڣȴֻš
һᣬؽЩŵ˵ǡҪȻȥаɣ˵ɽļзǳĲ

Ȼ¸źؽ˼棬粢š
˵ϵȷΪ۵ˡ
;ͷһĻ£ٿŵҪĺؽ
ò˵»ͷʻͦߵġ
ԴʼԺĪĴ͸ʱ˽ʣҲʮֵһ¡
ףףǰؽŽֵһС޵ĵԻ˵㣬ҪҪʲôǮ
¿õС޵ԼҲ̯λһ
ʮֵϲͮͮԲ¡˵Դ
»ͦϲС޵ģӦ˵ûŮӲϲĶ
Ҳ˻ֶš
Ǳߵĺؽֽ˼£ˣسˡ
°Ǹʱȫܲһ˿˿޵ĿɰС
ؽĪĲһһǸ޾ҪͷصĻӡ
˹۲޵ӣһ㶼Ҫ޵ģʲôµ˼ôŪĸо
̫ˣʵ̫ˣ
ؽ¿ˮ׼۾ظһʱ򣬾ͺȻǱߴһ΢
ǣ
ŵؽͷ˵ϴˣͷʱͱǸľϹۡ
һſ΢ЩоԳƵ˶ǲĿ˹
ؽڿ˵Դ˵һ
룬ɡļٵģ
ΧһȦԱߵҲڿǡ
Ȼʹӱ˿Ǹ˵֡
ǹİ
ںؽԴը
·һΧΧȵĺš
ģǹģ
ǰôˣ

ϴ

ôˣľȵʡ
һѾ¿Ź, Ȼټĸо
Ϊǰһˡ
°Լʱļ򵥵һ죬ʵܾùӦ֪һЩˣȻڿģ¶һģ
ò˵, ǰǸ˵ģҲûʻµΪʲô, ֻھͺŪ˹ȥ
˵ò˵Ժ, һһǰ˵״̬ҾͲٵˡ
ʵҲ˵ǽô, Ͼǰû취һЩ߰ġ
û뵽ǰȻ˵ǰ̫ˣ۸, ÿһ㣬ǾͲ۸ˣ
¿һ㡱ĹģһͶ
ǰǡ̫ˣ

ؽɪɪ, ڱΪϱһ㿪ĵĸоûС
ո¸ȥ˱ĵط潣ͣ˵ΨһȤǲϵĸսʱѾ˸Ⱥˡ
ؽҲýģһЩ, ˼ҾȻϱ, ˲, ߶
߶Ϲ¡
ĺȥͬһط
ﲻϵ˲ԼͬͳȻԿģʱ˿Լˣˣֻǳ¹֣ƢȻЩ, һ˴Żǲ̫ã˭֪顣
￪ʼĻµԴȻһıոĵǸһ
ϹʱԱߵźȻƿˡ
ؽŵһĶһ£Ϳº͹˳һǰһ󣬼ûж첲ҲûжԴ
¸ոձǰˣùһرõˣֵ÷һѺ˿һ֡
ոչǰ˺ܶйһƬ飬ĵͷ˭ЩȽ
ʲôʣǰ⸽ʲô𣿡
һֱûһһ˵ĿҷӵһζûԲ̫ˣ߻Ǻܰȫġ
֮˼ĸоҲûж˵ʲô
㣬˰ؽͰ͵ĸ˵̫СԻº͹Ķû
뿪ʱ򻹱ŹĻ˻֣û˵ʹؽҲһ𾪵ģ
ϻʱ򣬿ؽһ𾪵ӣͶΧȥôˡ
ûûʲôؽ¶һֵЦݡ
Ҫ˵ŷ˾Ȼʶּ𣬶òƺӣ;ƺ̸ʲô顣
Ҳ֪ûиĴһЩ¾ȻܸһЩ
»ʱûж˵ʲôûһ磬Ǻؽ֪Ǳ˵ȥģ᲻ֱӰԴӵ·ϡ
̬Ӱ£ʱܾǶ࿴ۣëȻˣв
ңҾ¿ܱҪһЩؽ˵ǿ޻Ц
ԺСĵɣòҪ
񾭲˭ƽ޹һЩĪ𡣡˺ؽһۣԼһӵ˴ϡ
ؤĶҪȫ꣬һӰˡ
һĻҲڿһϣϳѰıֻзǷݵʮ֮һ
·ȷ˽ֱߺüۣȷʵҲǺؽΪһֱڰʾԴͷֻΪڽֱ߿˼Ϥĵˡ
ղŻ·ȥһΣʱͶôһʱҲʮֵ΢û뵽ȻҲµĲ÷ˮ۵ꡣ
˵ǵҵԽԽ񣬲̵ƣû뵽֪Ѿеֵز
Ǽˮ۵һۣ֬˹Ȼں濴ˡ˼֪֪ۡ
°֬ۺзԺ󣬾ֱƹģ˵㶫ȻƹľͺԥİϢ
ָоǷǳ΢˵ҪýÿһطлĵȫǿˣĿʵˡ
ǵ鱨Ѿ򵥵̳ˣҲȥؤ¥׾پõԼҪϢֻϢĿǰֻܻڲʹá
һ鱨鱨Ķǰ˵ļֱر
鱨ʾһʱ䣬ɽķȷʵôһЩǸ˵ĸоܡ족
¿ʱ˵Ȼǲһ˵ĴҲôΪġ
鱨˵ЩͻȻðġӡǴӲǺܴӣͨҲ÷ǲǺַܴͨӶ
ٶۣ޴ӦǼײУֻҪǼѪ۶ôµĵ˶ҳȥû˿һ
һ㶼ϲɱˣЩǼʹǻķҲԸΪַһʵǿƫƫӬһѲ
ҲЩĪðķӣڻķӶԸˣԼỊ̄ñΪԼͬһˣֳϵ鱨ûĿɿڴ
˵Ⱥ˾ɵʲôӣûǡ
˵ڸһ￴˼ӡ˵ϢҲ֪׼׼ȷĿǰַľֻˡ
Ҫȥһ𣿡Ķʡ
ͦȥģͷ˵ëëģʵûҸɹʲô£Ҳɼµĺðɣ˵
Ķ仰̬Ͼ֪Լ˵ﻰ»ûûˡ
ǾȥӰɡ˵ȥ·΢װһ£ڱһϳ
ǵöһסǸһҲҪһȥ
ɤźȻ
ЦһҰͲȥأŲɻĺô̯ϣ
ʱ򣬴ϺȻȥһӰһǳɫ·¹һ˵·ӦǷǳ۵ģȴûбһ˷֣ͺһϢһ

ڶ죬һͳţҪЩȥװǸոķ
ׯ壿
΢΢üͷһݻ˸ĵͼĿһ£ǿׯ֡
ȷһȺҪȥ˵зӳûؤˣ˵ĹŹָС
ֹŹָеΪģׯطʵЩ⡣
ڵͼϣһѾķ˺ܾõķϴ尡


Ů

ǳ˴ؤõ˵ͼ, ŵ˽ͷ
¾ǸûʲôϵģϾʱҲû쵼קȥѵ𣬵һȴȻͬ
һ˯أ˶, ˯˯, ͻȻԼűƶ
, ǸߵԼĴߡ
ȻǸõĴɤ˵˯ˡ֪š
°۾Ϳһ鵭Ůˡ
ڻµĴ
䲻ԼĴ߷ôһ, »е㾯Եġ
˵ʲôŮ˵һһ롣ֻǸŮͻȻ˻µ°ͣȻϻ޵ЦݵԭǸС찡
Ǹŵǰ, ŵ˵ҲҪһˡ
֣İֲȥ, ŮҲû
ֱ, ȤĿŻµӵ, ʵҲˡ
һǲ, ˵ͱò˵ˣǾˡͰ˵
Ů˻վ, ߵ˴ǰŮվ, ²ŷ߱Լߣ¶ܳһˡ
Ҫ˵ãҺ᲻ˣҲţΪǵˡ
´ӴԼıӡ
ָȥһ˻, һ˵ҪһĻ
ţΪǡڰпӣԲŻŵ顣
λŮʿ
ºıĵһ£ԼĹڱǴͷͷȷʵǲôϲģΪǺܶ鷳
μ棬ҽйޡǸŮ˵ɽߵ죬ҲĿĳԱ
ˣλǻɽߵŶͷ쵼ƻĿĸˣȻͷ
ĴӴʵʵվ˵ϣŹ޵ҽл¡
ֶ֪֪סˣǲ̫װģϾͬĿĳԱ˵֮ǰ˵ʵˡˣҲٱֳϺ˵̬ȡ
˵ԣ̲
µĴһ»£ƺǿ˺ܳܳʱ䣬µı鶼ûзı
ڣ˵һߣҲȥġ
Ҫң׼š
ס
¿ŹתҪߵӣûסһ䣬ȵȣׯǸطʲô𣿡
˻󣬵Ŀһۣ˵Ҳϲϻġ
õģ֪ˣҲˡµͱ졣
ؿ˻ºܳʱ䣬תȥ

ͷׯϢ֪һϴ壬ȥ֮ǰ׼˵Ұߡ
ʲôʯצѧʥ¶ģһתͷȴַǴһɢнΡ
Щ᲻᲻ǵӰһʰһʣϾЩһһͺ֡
ȥģֲȥɻµġİɣֻҪĵңһҵӵϻشˡ
Ҳǡ
û˵ʲôĻͷۻ£ͿʱûдκĻ£һϵǴ˲ٶ
ҲûиһϵСϣǱ˸ֵĺɫббģӴҪ涼֪װʲô
ʱ򲻻һʲôҪôһξʹôණѵˣ
Աһֱ۲µķĪ뵽
ʱƺʲô΢΢̧۾ŵ̽˿ȥ
Ȼƿ֮ź֪԰ΪʲôҪƿû£
ĪеŭȻҲ֪Լڷŭʲô֮йʱ±Ű˹ʱ˵һ䣬߰ɡ
Ӳ÷ߵĻ˻ȥ
ȥӰĿһʯͷһ˵ıС
±ŻƵִ浥ӷ˹ȥܾøղŷ˵ʲôû˵
Щ޸˵ҪһΪڻͿ˺üʻͣҿջſڡ
ϡ벻ɡӻµı˳ϴĪЦ˵ϵ˵صһЩǮµĽˣǽһȥ
ͣǰǼϺȻһ޳޳Ůˣվ˻ºͷǵǰ¶һǳůƵЦݡ
Ϻá
Աߵķ۾ֱһ£µüëһ¡
㣬ǡؽԥʵ
ҾϵǸˣμ棬ҽйޡЦĺůּ߸ȾЦκ˿ЦʱﶼΪһرĴ㡣
ò˵ֵ൱ԵģһЦֱΧűˡ
Զе㱻޵ӸסˣʲôɣˣȫΧ˹
ֻлһԶԶվںš
ι£Ҳһ¡׽˰죬ͷһһ˾վڽĺӰ档
ǵˣһֱһֺǣ֪Щʲô
ʱװ޿̣ô̬ȥԴһôҴ󷽵ŮˣͣĸʹɫϽ
ˣҹȥɡЦ˵
׾ٵľƹ˼ˣЩ񶼻ûصʱվڻµǰЦ˵ãҽйޣҲǵ𣿽Ҫദܳһʱˡ
ֻʣĿɿڴղŹ޻վǵǰأͺһ򵥵Ĵλ˾ͺȻʧˣٻعʱѾǱߡ
¿ŹЦӯӯӣֻԿۡ
ؿҲˣθӣƨɶˡ
λŮʲô˼˵ǽҪôϣ
±Ϊ޵ĻˣϳֵĹ޼ֱԼϼ˹ˡ
ЦӯӯĿϵǸ˲ǻµĻþôҲŹޣõ˵֣¡
˲۵ЦˣȻЦݵʱ򣬻²֪ΪʲôҲһ
Ȼһ˵ֵʱΪͼ㣬˸׵գټ˸
°޵ͷһЦһ˵
Ǹء
²֪ôģͺȻҸطƽˡ

ķĪķ߷߲ƽŻǱ߿ȥ
ιĵĵȷǵһμ𣿡
ҡʮֵȷԼ϶ѵ˵
ղ֮󣬶ûи˵仰ֻŸ˵ءؽԱС˵
֪Ϊʲô;Լϥһ
̧ͷʱµҲĪһߺޡ
ͷŮӶôˣôϲƽʱһ˻Ҳ˵з̱Ƶģÿʱÿ̶װƵء

ׯ

˹, һĻˣɢɢļ, ܹжʮˡ
²ȷ澿жŵģ޾ŵģȴһܹ͵ĽˡݣͲòû¶һ¡
Ȼ㲻ŵȺʲôǼȻҪǻ¾;Եϡ
µһ׼һ˯ǰƺʣı˰ɣӦöׯǸطɣ
񡭡ǰ˵ǸطԱи˵, ط̫ƫˣֻ˵, Ҳûȥ
ǸСͦС, ЦпŻִҲǳӡ
⼸˵̸, ͷ, ⸽ִׯҲ̫ˣ򶼲ԸȥֻԼͳ, , Ҳƽʱ뵽ȥɡ
һ, 缸ûκν
ôôõġϴ塱鱨أ
ͻȻһ˿, Ȼǻɻ鱨ʲô, ϾӦǻὫϢһ飬Ȼ򵥵ľдġ
ֻ֪ô鱨㵽ģʱȴȻԱߴһ˵, ߰ĥʲôأ
˵úü˳Ǳ߿ȥǸ΢۾ȥɵģǺһˮ
һܻǺܶ˵Ŀ⡣
˸·һһһۣ˵ֽȻͬ
ϣϾͺáĶ˳ȥȻŷǺһʰһˡ
¿Ǹ۾ɵһֻۣһɤӣְͷ̽˻ȥҲ±ˡ
һжʮ˾ôƺƵ·Ҫ˿һǸʮֲ˼飬ȥһССĴׯҪһȥôһˡ
ⶼŵĹѣŲƴû취ôοԼ
·ϻƽ£վװ˯
Ȼװ˯ȴ˯ô
ι£ѡԱߺȻһϤƺиһֱڶ񿴡
һʼ˯ͼ˵֡
˵û²ò۾һۡ
ڻµԱߣող֪ʲôʱ͸˻˸λãԭڻߵǸȥ˶档
ŻЦŵҺȻе졭ǰǲǼ
¿ЦӯӯĹޣĬ˺þãþá
Ĭ·Ҫ֮󣬻²Żĵû
ûգգ۾
Աߵļ߿һۡ
űտڲô֪ʲôĹӦת뿪ģû뵽СĴյµĶ˵Ҿرһˡ
º͹һϵģˡߵ󣬶޵ĳ߿š
޴յ̫¸о΢΢һ۾ŬԼԺ״̬عһʲô籾
ûȸ޶أ޾͵˺һ
ͻĶ飬һСľͿʲôµĶһ
ԭû¶ʲôµıأῴ¶һ֡¡ıˡ
һάµı飬һ룬˭ģڸʲô
𣬲ҪŭԱߺȻһݰ׾Щ΢֣ܺƵˡ
ԻµλŮǿЩƣԲһ䣬ġ
ŭʲôŭ˭ڶŭάš¡ı飬ͷãȻ
޿˰Լͷһ
СˣǺ˻µӣ˵뻪ԶǸطͣ
Ҳûп޶೤ʱ䣬ֻǡ䡱ؿʮ룬°۾ϣȻڽ˯ˡ
ֻǻ˲Ϳȥʣ˼һߡ
׾Ǹ˿˿ʣµˣ̾һˣǲõģȥǱߡ
ȥСĵ
׾ҡҡͷСĵ˻µԱߣȴֻֻ˯
һ
ʻ˴죬Ǵ컹ûôʱģһֱϽӽƻ裬ŵǸ˵еׯ塣
Ŵ鷳ľһ㣬̫ͨˣ¾ִһ¿˵ܱ㡣
ĳһһɿȥǹޡ
ͺƨɺŸ˵ĹһŻŵľ
ôˣԱߵļ˺˹ȥͿ˻ܳĹޣʶüͷһ壬ųڿȥͿ˽һˡ
ʲôˣҲɢڲͬĳڣΪܹ׼ȷպÿڵĶ򣬽ͻȻֻƺ˵ˣʱĳǱ߿˹ȥ
һ³˸뻪ԶĵطȻ󳤳̾˿
ĬĬ⿴һ߱ãȻ侲飬һ߻ɹǲҲ˻괩ˡ
ҪôݼģɶҲûɰôһֱǱ˯ȻҲܱôһ£
ǳʲô𣿡æ³ҪȥڸҪһµʱ򣬱һקס
ûû£ʱҪȥˡ޲ȻЦţҵĲԣҳЩ˵Ļ
˵ʹҴҵ뿪ˣʣ·һãȻվ
˵޾ʲô˵ĻŻẦ³Ӱ
޶ڽһᣬȻ
ôˣʲôˣǸ˶Թʡ

һ½½˳ͷҪסһҹˡ
óԼЯСǳľ˱ߵӲݴڣͺȺֵľôôư·ûС
·µһʱû˰ɣѵЩ˶ӵ𣿻ߡߴ·ˣ
˶ﳳ£Ҳ֣طĲݿһޱߣһӸеӣҲֻеЩ΢΢ݵĵطǿǰ·
иͽϴ˺˼ոոǰ·ǸСæ˹Ǹ˾סС㣬ǲ·ˣ
ûУûУǸСŵģԱ˿ȥǰСקһѡ
СʱߵģʱмóرõĴɣÿʱҾ͵͵ԣһģǿǱߣ˵žָһļ
ѭ˹ȥֻǱȷʵмɣɣ͡رáݻ˺Զ
´չȥ˿ɣӦ˳ˣҶȫǿĸУٳǿ˳ӵĿɣеһƴϸȫֵġ
ĸУǸɣΪ̫أʹû¾ÿҲһ
ĪΪûˣԾͱ˸
ˡһ˵ȷׯ塣
˻ͷȥֻһᣬ۾ɵ˲ݴֲӲݣ¶˰бдĻǺġ
ԶԶվȺ֮⣬Ǹ￴һۣ۾ӵζ
Ǹ֪ڿǵҲ΢΢Цһ¡

µͲ

۴ӺֽǶ, һϴ塣
ǴתһȦͬóĽۡ
һĲ˼飬˵ɣǰʱ˻ܶءôͻȻͻķˣǻķҲûбĵطȥ
¿ԽԽĲݣõĻܿһԭòĸʩ, ĬĬĲ²ǰӡ
мŵǰ, ǾŸոձС·ߡ
̫ءǸ΢Щ˲֪ʲôʱʹյ뻪²ԶĵطתԱߵһ졣
û˵С¡ģȻǸղǸͬ΢ֵˡһû, ǽѰˡ
û¡΢ֵЦЦ, Ըһ޾ͺˣʱҲûоôˣ۳һ, һϾ͹ȥˡ
Ǹ΢˲ûд, ǰĻԽԽԶȻתͷʵֵܣ¡ղţǸϷʲôˣ
һ, ų, һ, ʵҲûʲô¡ǲС˵СìܣҲϡ档
Сìܣ˵ͷСظһ, СìܡɲӰ
Ǹ֧֧˰죬һʼ˶˵ܲסǸһֱʡ
ӱ˰, С˵Ҿ͸һˣ㲻Ҫ˵ʵǳϵ˷˵ìܡ
ǰո˵ǸеĿûи֪˭Ͷһ䣬ǸˡǺϣ˴̽
Ǻϣ˴̽ǸǺȻһ˿ȤЦΪʲô᲻ϣ˴̽أ
ô֪СֹţȻǸ˲ñ֪ǾͲҪȥˡ
˵߼ǰ׷һ㣬ûżߣͣԭأ֪Щʲô

ˣһǳѰˡ
ŲݴߵŷӵĵطʱͶԼͬ̾˿
ǰһƬõķӣľſڵľ϶һҡ
߹ȥһѻңжһӦðûˡΧܰ˳⣬ƺûһˡ
ȻǷϴ壬Ǿû̽ıҪ˰ɡ
Ա߸һĽۡʵҲûʲôҪˣһ˵ʹǷϴ壬ǵĲ뿪ˣǿΧЩʲô
Ҳ͸¶һ޵ľɥϾ˶ʮ˵һϴ壬ȷʵǸЩЦ顣
Ȼϰ巢ˣǾжͷ˳溰һҶЩﶼʲôкõӾʰһ£סȥ
ãΧʮɢɢ˵
³Ŵӵ˹ȥ·ȫǿѾõķӣǴģĪҪԴһ̽뷨
Ҳų˽ȥߵĴׯӦҲǼʮӵӣһʱ̽ˣԾĳߡ
С·ʱߵ˾ͷ׼ٿ䷿Ӿͻȥתһսǵʱ򣬾ͻȻһ㶡
һߣЩ˸ոմһ䷿ӵţһ˵ùζʪҴȳζѽŵѬһͷ
ȿȣȥʲôζ
Ƚȥȫ˳ʣΧ棬˵ȳζ
ҽԸ˯治ǱӣҲ˯ſΧ۵һĵ˵
ĻҲǴ󲿷˵ﻰȥһ꼶ԴĽ߽ӣüͷĶ
Ķȫ죬·ʲôĶڵӣҵŵĺ롣
ƺһŮ˵ӣΪ·ŮʽģͷһСﻹ˼ߡ
ЩǱ𣿡ͷ˿ŵŵĺ·˵
ҲüоЩ˼顣һҪװһӣһὫԼֵǮĶߵģԲỹʲôϼ
ϵⴲӣѾͦµˣЩ·ҲʽҲ˲һʱ䣬ȻͶ˼Ǳһ
йŹְ૵ĵ
ͷһſվŵЩˣҲǽˣҾ鶼棬ǰӣ׷˵ԼĲ²⡣
𣿡
ûУҲŮ˺Сİɡ
ȥͶݣϼҵ׶Ҫˣ
ҲķţȻӺƺʲôֹȥһ£͵͵ļȺȻһۡ
ǼС·ոһ룬뻹ţһš
·ֵλʲô£ְС·˹Ӻ档
ĬĬİС·ʰãͿ˳ʲô
ȥһӿɡ
¿ǰľ΢΢һ롣
С·ϣ߶зӣΪǾӵ˼ˣ˸һƵС·
ղ·һмʮ˼ҵĻôߵС·߾ͺܿˣϰٻӡ
ӾȻôˡ»ͷһοôĴӣ˵䲻ģִһС˵ûôˣŴˡ
һС·ߵӸƺͬһʱڽģǷݵɫϣ¾ɣһЩͬ
һߣҲǱģͬҲŽա³һ·ͻȻܺ浽ʲô
ҪӵȫղȺ鷳ֻҪעϣȻǺľִһ
»ûʵʩأͻȻ洫һʶķԼҪľ뷨첽źȥ
һͺȻһȺΧһǰÿ˶ָָġ²Ⱥ˽ȥͿӵ빩һʮѿķ
ʮѿǻ˸ۣ΢յ˵ǣɷ
ûĻͳһΪѿ
طôôְ
ԱС˵ţҲûһ档
ڻ¿ӵȻûʲôŹֵģڸոս˺ü˵ĹŹֵطʹˡ
ӵĲָǰӼһģһͬķ䣬ͬĹӰ裬ͬĴһЩϸϵı仯ǱǼ·֮ģûκβͬ
˵һͬһ߽ǵķҲǵһ£Ͱģֵ׼һ
ʲôһվ˺ȻͳǷµһСͲӣ˺ܶƵĶ
ͲӴ򿪣ͻȻԱߴһҪ򿪡
Ӵ򿪣һ˻ġ
⻰еĺһ飬ʶĻͷȥ
һһӹͲϸϸĿš



µ治ǺӱųԺɱԱߵ, ֻΪӳֺķӦ˳䡣
ǸҲ̫ĿˣԻ¾ѳӰ·
ڻ¸ոճȥʱ򣬹ں治ײ΢һü, ֱûнһ󣬲Żİüëչ
»˻Ͳ, ˶ॵ, ȷʵʲô, ֻⴥЩԡ
ʲôһûȥˡոձ¶ͲӵǸЩĵ˵, Ϳ°ͲǴ򿪣浹ʲô
һ̣һǲˬ, Ͼ¸ողͲ, Լˣ´Ͳﵹ, һһĶ
һֻ͸˵ĳӣųһ, ˻µϡ
ֲøովͲ˺ܶ࣬ԭѾ˰¿ֻӵʱһһʹ˹
ǡ߹, Щ޴ĵ
¿ӣгòܶǮ, ŵǲܽ, ˵ġˡ
ְѳӵʬͲ, ȻһߣһѽסתͷһͲ, ͻȻһ˵
ӡʲôͨܽӴĶǸһ˵ţһ˹ŰеǸӣζ˵Ͼ
ͨûʲôǷӿĻᵹǶһ㣬ϾⶫڷӵҪˡ
˵ĻڳʮУһ붼˹
ȷʵɱˣһɱ˵Ǹ΢ˡ
Żµλ֡Ļͦ𡣡
еķΧƺˣ˶ŻºǸˡ
Ҳµĵ
ҾûʶĶࡣǸЦҡҡͷ
һۿͲһ뵽ʲôģϾҲͼһΡ
㲻ͬŻ£¶ζı飬һ۾ϳʲôԶɱ˵ķʽ˽⡭
ͺùɱƵġ
վĬ
ոַһ·ĵ£ȫƵͲġ
˵ָ˵Ժ󣬲˿µҲ
˺һᣬ˹ϸϸȰ˵ţֹŹҽŵղ䵭
ŻµĶ΢ЩǵĿŻ£ƺǵһԲϾͻ
µȻô˵Ҳǵڳڹ޵Ƥӵ£ô
ĬĬˣʱһԼĴڸУȴڳŵʱȻһקס
קסǹޡ
һ߿Ż£һĵĵ˸ֽ¶㵽û˵ĵط򿪣潻¡
һûСĽҪղ
ڶСǸˡ
°ֽˣ˿ڴ
ٻȥʱ򣬳еվͱԻԾһˣҶԸղǼ±տڲ̸
һ˰վڽǶΧڷߣĸСĵ顣
ԾС˵ţطоͲԾ
磬ǸˣǳӶѾˣ㻹ŪʲôĶεĿŰ
԰ûղǸ˵Ļǿɱ˵ģ֮ǰ²ŻЩȫ˰ɣŹ˵ģǱŪˡؽ
һ߿Ͳһߵû뿴ӣҾǾ֡˵Ӻм۸ôߣӦʮֵϡٰɣôʱͽӶĿⶫ
š˵ãĶ
翴ųӣҡͷǴֶġҰ˵ҵӦرŶԣֻǮµǮҲʼе㻳ˡ
Ϊ⣬˳ĬһᣬĶС˵˵ûµĳ
ⶵתתƺֻص˱˲Լͬӵϡ
˻ᣬĶŵҾáǰǲЩ͹µݣ
ҲǸողŸоһ˿¸УȻһˣһֱΪѾаģ΢Щˡ
˷ò٣󲿷ֺţԷȻһֱ̬ȲզأһֱΪ˻һͨķˡ
ǸղǸ˳ֵʱ򣬷ʶЩԡ
һֱѼӡйصϣ·֪ģͬҲ֪йصһǻܣ¸ӲһССλҪҪߡ
⵽ô£ͷ΢΢Щ졣ֿ£οԼˡ
ȻһֱҲ˵ûǶ֣ôӦþͻߵġ
һʱ䣬ڷ˵ȻһصӰӡ
˵˵Ǳ߻һŷӵ£Ϳʱͬһݰ׾΢΢ЩֵСƨƨߵ߹ȥǸˣ㣬ʲôʱֳӣģ
ǡǼǰˡЦЦôʸ
ǡС˵ʱЩţҾ֪һЩйӵϢ˵԰Ūôһ¡
ӡСں濴ıӰĬĬ롣
Ӳʹ˵㡣
ǸȥʲôüͷһͲǣһСǻ
ǰҪֹһ¡
ӡϲ˵Ѫ˭֪Ǹ˾ȻĸСӽԽ˵ѪԽȡ
źţӾͻ굽ȥӵ⣬ĹǣȻͻῪʼ衣
Сƺһӷ˿ЦָȻŵˣ
ˣˣ㿪ʼ°ɣЩӦǲܴˣȥҸطŪһ𣬵óҩϢϢһ˵ɡĶ߹˵
ʼϰĻȻҪá̾˿ͷҲ׼ɵ¡
ȻӲܴˣıһı滹ͦãǵǿóһãȫԺ
磬æһҵİȻߣΧ硣ؽҼȥӱ߽ӵˮʣµ˸ߣȥԺʣµأ˼ɤӺ󣬺Ȼе㲻ԣͣ
һʮʮġָԺһ飬˵ڶ飬ôˡ
ղ˳ȥ٣󲿷ֶæЩͷĻǷɢģټʱյĶ飬ұ˴֮䲢ǻʶһʱҲû˷ʲôԡ
һĪĿֹɫһ顣
ȷʵˡ
ΧڻཻţʱʱĻЦϾ󲿷ֶǽˣҲһ
ôˣĶ˹ôͻȻվﲻˣ
һȺдһ˶վﲻҪ
һɤӹȥƬյؾͻȻֹζĿŷ
ЩźףС֮кˡ
Ƭյ϶ǳİȵҷӦе˼󣬱˴˶ӵ֮жһֲ˼顣
ϡȻԱߴһǸ˿ǽϾȻЦ˳
֮Сù˰

̱֮Ӧ

ʵ˺ʱʧ, ԼҲ
ҲԼϹˣ֪Ϻ첻µزµ, ƫɻ¡ͺ¹
ԣװŻ˼ң̯Լϵʱͺ
ԭǻ¸ԼǸղȴʲôûԵʰɡ
Σ, ǻųĴΣ
תͷ۹, ֻҲһɵɫֻʱҲֲĻװġ
֮ȱˡǸԴվƤЩ, ݺǼ㣬һһڽƯĺ֡
ֳ棬һͽϴվǱȽסӵġ
˵ǱȽӵ, һѸپۼһ, ΧǸССǰ档
ﲻϵֵȳζһȺΧſ, սľĿΧ
ոջƽĴׯȻĳЩ˶ɵĹһ, ݴԺ͹ľֶΣ
´ʱ˿Ҳˣ, ״УΣ
ûл
ʵղ״оʹûгֹ, һڡȫġ
ȫһᣬüͷ΢΢ʱ˿̣Ǹӻں氲, Ҫţոֻվ̫ɢˣվĽһ㣬Щزصļһûа취ˡ
´ʱ˿վȺ棬һȦǰˡ
ӣĶǸˣСӣһˡ
ոն˵׳ʲôţ
ȫ벻ղŶľˣʱͿʼԼĽȻ㣬֪һӦǰΧЩ˵ȫġ
аȺ֮˵ǵЩ֪ˣ׹βģʲô鶼ˣˣ
ȻˣͳȥԱ˻һ䣬û֮ǰʧ˵ȥˣ˵͸ȥͬһطˡ
仰һûٿ˵ˡ
Ȼò˵ʱ˿̶ڵЩ죬Ҽ˼Ҳոʱĸо
ӵͷһƣεĵȱ𳳣ԼҪŽᣬҪţƽЩ˿Цˡ
ĻһãΧƽҲһ
ղվ˵ʲôģȴԼᷢΪ֪ղܻš
߸ոһͻȻһ˵ȥ濴
и˴Ⱥ˳ոյǿûдȣ±˻ȥ
Ǹ䵭˭
¡
Ⱥ˳ʲôûдһӣ⸱÷ĪЩͷ
ιҪȥšոնһ㾴η֮ģֱһɶˡ
һǻңֱǵרҵ
޲ð¸ȥжȻڻܣһʮǲ¹ûǶⰲĴҲߴţҡ
ҲĪɫŻ¡
ղи˵öԡµǴҲûʲôãȻˣǾӦö࿴
һ˵ôĻûüо棬Ѿˡ
˽˰졭˵ǷĽ˰졣
µͷԹԵʰȫȻܺɩķգۼѾԼҪõĶ
ˣҪߣ߾ˣ󣬷ĺҲûȰ㣬ȰҲһУȻ߰ɣ
á
´ǰĿյóԼǸʽ΢ŹֵĵĬĬĳǰȥ
һӵĻӲ䵭һָ˻ȥ
ʵ¸ѣҪ˶ѣ˭֪¾Ȼˣߵĺƽȥһ
ļҲ˼ԺȺкȻһЩ͵ңҲȥ
һһС˳󻹱Ÿ޴İԼһСľͱһ
СŵĿһȦЩˣ濴СӦþˣ޷˵׷ȥȵң
ȥʲôԱиһקסСӻͷһǹޡ֧֧һᣬȻͷңҲȥһֱţЩ˷ʱˣȥ˵ҵ·
濴㻹İ޵۾֪ǿ϶ǳ˵
СɬЦЦȻͷһʲôһϻǵģȵң
˵ţҲ飬һ·ǰĵط˹ȥʱѾ˺Զˣһ׷ˡ
ҲȥɡĶߺȻһʲô飬Ҳû֪ͨǡ
ĶתͷȵĿĶתͷһЦͻȻؿЩûţ㡭㲻øȥġ
ҵİȫҲᱣ֤ԼİȫĶȻŷգգ۾㲻֮ǰǸʲôİɣ
˵꣬Ҳӵ˸СŵİȻٵĳŻǱ׷˹ȥŲɿ죬ں濴ΣֻͽȻĵͷȥ
ˣǼȻȥҲԼѡ񡣡ӵķļ
οһ󣬾кһıóÿ֮뱣֤ܹͬʱԷҲű죬̾һ
ʰ·ȴȻǸ˿Ÿղ뿪ĵطȻĪһ¡
һ̣
ˡЦʲô

ȵңȵңСںһ׷һߺ
ǰĻ¾ûһһֱȵС׷ԱߣҲûĶŻ
ܣ׷ˡСӴ˺ð죬СĿŻµңҾԱߴţԲ鷳ġ

ĪκηӦ
ҽʲôСƴĴֻǶ˵ˡ¡ֺ󣬾Ҳû˵ˡ
ʱĶҲ׷ľҪԶʱȴûκӡ
Ķ֮Ҳûͼ´ֻվ󰲾Цš
ȻᣬۣҪȥİֵҿ˸Ųձñ͸ֻСЩ̫˵˶ѣ¼ʹˣҲķ
ŽɽС·˽ȥи󵨵Ĳ²⣬Ȼղ·ľͷһƬݣôһƬݵľͷأֻʲô
Ϊ֪żֳɽߡ
ιСĵ㣬Χ֪ʲôˡСӸ˵һ仰ͱĶס֣ꡭ
ʱ˿̧ͷΧŷһƬ֮С
һֱûⷿʲôԾĵطϾΧ·ϰˣȻոձĶһѣŷе㲻Ծ
·ķӡδҲ̫˰ɣ
¿ΧĵڶַӸЩӣȻ˸󵨵ͷ
ѸոûһΡ
ͷһֳ¾ͽעָͷϣȻŴǰľһ
ʱĶںעһһ
ȵİָͷľԺ鲻Խһһ¡
ָȥ˶һһûС´һСſ濴˿Ȼֱ
ôʲôˣĶŻµȻɫ˵ĽǲǸɽµһģһ
УûǸ𣿡һ˵һ߱ȻǸɷķ񣿡
ǵĻͷ˼룬ҡҡͷ
ûУĶһѵİ𣿡
ܰɡ˵Ӧһġǲ㿴ˣ
ĪʲôûˣĶ뵽ˣӲģĴׯǲġ
Ӧһǳĵط뿪ʱ磬׼Ҳ֣ԶȫˡΨɽǼ°˼ң;ʲô飬ԲûļѶȫߡ
ĶԽԽԼȷĿŻʣû£˵ɣ㵽׿ʲô
һֻɫģ۾
תͷգգ۾̱ӣȴĪܴ϶޹

ôһ˲䣬ĶǰʲôԱԭˡ
ΪȥһԻ·ڳ˵˼ƽϣӦ顣



˵仰ʱ˶ľġ
ʵϸոĲһֻ۾, ֻһƬͨ졣
ֻʱʱԴﷴӦ˴룬Ȼʲô
ֻ˵¿ֲ, ӷӦķǳ졣
Ҳһܸ, ˵̱̱, ֱŵ¾Ȼܳһ˿仯ûС
Ϊ¾ҪͻȻԵúû, ϾԼҲһ̱ΪŵͺΡ
ſվ˴һ, ȻĶȻ䷴Ӧ˹, ָ˵, , ǿȥŴ򿪰
ǰߵſ, Ǹ˨ͷһһ㶼Ŵ, ò˵ʱҪ, ɼΡ
ȻľͰŸˡ
򿪵һ˲, ȫ׼ʱץסˣ˰Σʮֵİ
ü￴һۡ
տյ, ƺʲôûС
, ô
ĶںС˵
°Ŵ򿪣ǿտҲӡ
Ķ˹, տյ, ղ˵Լ˵ˣô˿ᶼΪԼˣˣ¡
˲ͣſڴŰ, ÿ˶Լ쬵ġ
Ҳе¡
˵Ҳʮֵĺ£ܾҳʲôȻˣԾͶһӵĶǿŽӣȻš
ѾŪ˵˳Ū˵Եģȫһжġ
˶ǣǲž˵㡣һȺ¶ӪҲ΢˵㰲ȫС
ǰҹһҹҹһҹʷвУ
Сĵ˵
ﲻϵŸո뿪Ļ¼ˣܾЩ
˵ղ뿪ȫԼľҲûйϵ᲻֪˵٣Ҳе㵣ġ
㻹𣿱ˡӵĿŷ飬֪ڸʲôʵڵģǵȵһҪ뿪ʱȥһǡ
Ҳֻˡ
ô˵ȴ룬µǸƢҵҲ
ˣǸˡ
ҹɫĺԱѾ˯ˣ˷ϸ΢ĺҲĻЩ˯
Ժʱ̧ͷɽһȻһ¡
ԭһƬɽϣǵөһ

ѣƴӡ
ӵ۾ɻʣôˣ
㿴Ǳߣ
ӵĸŷһ̧ͷɽϣȻ˾ͺȻסˡ
˵ǵƻ𣿡
ԡ˵ͷ˵ǲǽʧٵ˵߶ˣɽϵʾǣ
ӵԥһ𣿡
߲ˡ¿ˮǡߵ
дѹֲס˷ܸС
ҲΪ˷ܵӵһʱû˵ʲôϷ
ĬĹ򣬷Ѿһǳ벻飬Ȼɽȥһ˭Ļ𣿡
ţ⻰һӵĶžˡ
绹Ը⶯ȻҪҹɽ
һһת˯ԺĺؽͰҡúõĴţȥɽһˣǧҪܣʣµˡ
ãáӶûأֻʶĴӦ
ȵڷӦղʲô֮ͬʱ۾һ˸顣
ǿű˴˵ղʲô

ӣŵĸɽ
ƻȻŲ̫Զɽʱȴ·Ķ͡
ɽ·ʮߵԺĿ˵ƻ
찡ˡŴûôԶôôԶ
һ·ϣӵԥȰǺܶλȥǷһ˼ľȥеƻĵط˭ǡ
˵ĻѾ⣬һҪקˡ
ģȥˡӵĵɽһ㶼ȫһһֱڰ۲ǣһɽǵȦأ
û£ôءԽԽͣԣԶԶĿһۣȻϾͻ
ӵļȰ˵δֻա
ǱΪԼĻһģǵȵɽԺͬʱüͷ
ô
ǿǼŵƵӣ
ʱɲ˻ӡ
ҰʱǻûȻбӡ
ǡıˣ
գգ۾һ£ɽϻڵĻôֲýЩûбߡ
Щż˵ֵӣˣŮˣСƺڳԷ
ӵ̴д𣬷̵ʱʶʿˮ
еˡ
˰ڷԱߵһ˷ܵĵҪҪǽȥһ
ʱûдʵҲЩģֻﻹʣһȰ
ʵڲУͽȥɡʱȴͻȻ˵ҲȥԶԶĿһۣʲô͸Ͻɽܡ
ӣ￪ʼп׵ľˣ˿ڣҲͻȻ˵ס
ãҸӵĹȥṦõ㡣
ղվԱߵǸҲ˷ܣϾˣôͲǰˣ˵ܲһס
Сĳǰ˹ȥȶϵԼһƺСЦӡ
⼸ӶûжֻҪѴֽͱһ㣬ӦþͿԿüӡ
Խůĵƹ⻹溢ͯЦԽҲȻóһ㡣
񡭡ֻͨ˼ҡ˿˴ߣĴһ㴰ֽ
Ȼһȴɽһģһģһ˵Ĺζ
ȳζ֮ȥһ˵ĪΪ˶ԴζԲŵµǼ˽
ĻǷǿԽΪʲôӵ˻ԽԽˡ
Ͼһմ˱˴ͨ飬ôĺǻԽԽ׵òԽԽġ
֮ǰĳСʱпֵ
ӵʱ󣬷ȥ̽
۾ȥʱǲԼῴʲôġ
һڵˣ
ߡῴĳҾߣ
һ˲䣬ֻһƬҫ۵ĺ졣
ɫ޵ľʢŵĻһ
ʲôҡҡͷԴ˻ٿڶΡ
ʱȻһһס졣
۾Ȼɴˡ
˭
ȵȣıǡӵġ
ιȥ֮ǰȻ
ȥӵҪʲô
Ƿιȥ֮ǰΨһ뷨

֮

;Ժˡ
ڵĸо, üԱߵ˵̸ȴǸһҲܸоԼֽţһ˿ٿǵҲûС
оԼӦǱʲôڵߡ
Լ, ʲô

, ιȥ֮ǰ, ڴ濴һƬɫȻǱӸŵˡ
ӡôأ
˼⣬ûһ˿¼, Ϊӱһоˡ
ʱרŸֹ˽⵽, ӸһѾʮˡ
һزʶ, ȫʱ, һʮһֱھҵҵĵӵˣΪʲôͻȻأ
ȻڶãҲЩĪĵ, ΪȻ, ôһЩ˾˵Ҳ⡣
һɽ¶͸˵Ĺ졣
ʧˣֻǿЩֵĽֵӡ
ǣһһεߣȴû취
΢һ£Ķʮֵϸ΢ʱԼӵ, ˰ɡ
˲䱻ŵýӲĲҶ
ûϵ֪ŵġ赭д˵ԭǿ԰, ʲô֪ģΪʲôƫƫҪء
ڻججģӵ仰ûǺ
ƺǱקһƬߵϣǸ˰ӵһߣȻתȥһѾ˴
Ϊʲôƣ
ӵЩ䣬ҲЩǷеǸӡ
Ǹ˵Щ岻ӣЩͷ˰죬Ҳһֶû
֪ԼóǲעߵģΪòǸӵĿҲֹˡ
Ҫɽµˡ
Ҫߣⲻ֪озȺܴ˿ֻСȵŤ
ˡˡŶǸһͷҷ۾ͨһֱ߶߶˵һЩ軰ЩһŻڵҹķ
û뵽˵ӡӵĵСӾȻҪɽһۣһǷСӻزȥĻһɽģʱ鷳ˡ
硭ǰǸˡ
ԭģǳʵҷǳƵɫʱ˿̾ȫһˡ
۽ѾϸϸƣЩ֮ǰ˿ǳĺ񣬵ʱ˿̣ʱ˿̵ı飬ԵЩɽһ
Խ
ô£ӱҲ̫˰ɣ
ӵתͷ۷ȻִԼһѽ
׵˷ߣȻϸϸĿתͷȥǸ˵ģ˵һҲٳƢֳӲģӶϡ
Ŭһ£֤һԼļֵֵ֤ĺҲûʲô壬ϾмֵҲǸιӵ³
ʱһƿȻĶ
ƿԶϸ΢һʼΪԼˡ
һʱǸƿյͱøĴ̶˺ѿһ
µ̺Ŷô޴
ģ˫ۣĿǰӾһѵĹһ
Ǿ޴ĳ˲ʹǰ˳ȥȻصҵ˵ϡ
Ķ߻üһ˲䷢ĲҵĽ
Ȼǲϲ˲ҽеģǴʱ˿ȴøİ
Ŭһ£ͿԱڵƺ˳
ʱɫѾȫİˣ⸽Ҳûĵƻ
ڷģУǸ˺ռеע
ĺϸ߹ĸоȴһֻһΧеһĳ£·𶼱΢ˡ
ĽŲΧűС˺ܶࡣ
Ӳ̫ѣʼԼǲĳֻ󣬱ϾһϸˣȻôһ̫ʵľˡ
Ǹһѵÿһʮֵ򶨣ʹڵǰģģģȴĪľԼһ˿ĸС
ߵ˷ߣȻͷ˿
ǰԽԽģо߶ƺһϤϢһʱȴ벻ϤϢǴ
ĶһηˣǰģһȻ˺ڰ֮С
ڰ֮ǰԼľԼǱ˭
ǰһһƬķһκôǰĵġ
ιȥǰԺ룬˭һأ
ǡɽ¶еĳЩ˵Ըˡ
ǡ;żĳλǰأ

šİ
۾ʱ򣬿һͰɽ
ƺеεδˮЩجج⣬һоȻͦ
գգ۾Ա߿˹ȥ
ϸһ·ԱһѸոϨ𣬻¡
λƵ߳ɽڶھͿ̡
˺תͷһۣ̿ĵЦ˰
ĶλƵ˳;лˤһӡ
㡣Ķ߹ϵĶûнأһͺˡ
Ŷ˵ͷȻͻȻòԣæʣȵȣңôİ
仰˵꣬ĶԱߵ˴࿴һۣȻͬʱ죬ʲôҲû˵
ҺǱ˭ġﻹιȥǰǸ˵Ӱ΢ŵڴ˵һ·Ͽʲôʲô𣿡
¿ɶˡС˵ĶƢҪúܶࡣ
ѷһߣȻһĸ˵
ɽϿһŷӣˡĶ
ƿŽȥʱ˾ʧˣǺϸһ£һܵڹӵ¡
ӵ桭ЩӵĲøɽµЩͬ𣿡ʡ
Ķ˵ͷ
Լ֪ǸṹʲôˣǰȥЩӵʱȷʵûпӵ档
ȻǾɽ˳йĵط˹ȥȻպþͿ㡣Ķ
ҡȵȣе㲻԰˳˳ȻЩԾǿҡҡǱ˭أǵúһˡ
仰˵ԺȻͻһˡ
ϿʲôɽԺصǶڵϣˡˡһ
Ǹ˺죬ʶĳǱ˹ȥպþͿһ䵭¡
ոշʵʵһˣȫͷɢģʲôģһװϵıδ󺺣Ŀһ˫ͨ۾ʹͼӡ
ǸŶģģ·ʲôκα
ʵɵһ롣
תͷ޵ĿĶĵһָͷµķ͵͵һָ
ĶҲŷԼССķ΢΢˵ͷ
ֱɵıתͷȥ˵ʲôȴԼһƬհס
Ǹ˰ѡºת˳ȥ˸һ

ϸ

ɽﱻ, ĸΧԱߡ
ԣӦˡ
Ǳ˴֮ĬĬԵĿŻĴ󺺷, ʱʱĿŴӻﱬһЩǡ
һֱͣ͵͵۾Աߵ, Լ²ΪԼ͵עԽЩ
˻ǩӴ㿾
˵ǰͻװǻոһƨɶڵϵĴ󺺣Щȷˡ
ˡһǿ
СİѿõߣȻһ߿һ߿Ǳߵˡ
Ǳ˴ĬĬԵİ, ȻһͦҪ¡
, ɽȺںΣգƺûӵء
˲伤ﻹһ㣬˵ֺ, ԱߵĶ˰˵ʲô
ѷеǩȻİ, ֪ͨˡ
Ŀ˻µ㣬ɽȥҹˣ
², ֻǰţɽȻһȥȻɽһֻɫС񣬰ͣϡ
Сɫۻƣǳϲ, վµϻر˱ġ
ֳֻС£֪ΪʲôܾĪĲгֱ´СһֽŻȻֻСԭϢġ
ֽһۣǵɽʱû¡
㡭Ǹ˭Ϣؽǰ磿ʡ
²ûлش𣬶ǽ˵ᵽĶ࣬ʹű˰·ҲᷢʲôŹ֡
֮û¾ͺáĶСĵͷ˵ʵҲ֪ôˡ
ɽô˵ͻݾߣµ񣬷ȷо˭Լˣ˭ڹʲôôڹ綼֣ʱһĽ֡
²һǰĻ磬ʶľͽ֪ΪΣ֮ǰװƹֵģȴô˵
òҪ³Ĭһǵɤ˵һľͷ
ɽµȺȷʵвԼˡ˵ǻҲ˭
ʱһܻжġ

ɽµѾְһ
ͺؽĻ˯˭£һֱ͵͵һһԶûһͣʱ
Ҳǵһ˯µˣһ۾ͷֺ˼ˡ
ŰʣǿǼȥ𣿡
˵ǰ˯ĳԴǸղŷ˵ԼҪɽȥסû취ֻɽȥˡ
ȥɽϣ΢΢һ䡣
ȥɽʲôԱߵһ˴չʡ
ָɽʣǸղſǱһΪĶǣͷǵɽȥӵҲˣҲû
ѽӵĸˣǾͷİɡʻǸһĻش󣬾ͷ飬ǸСĽˣһܻˡ
У̫ˣ˯һؽһɣֶ԰磬ҪҪҲ˯һ᣿
ҲŲסſˣһѾûƬᴿǾҪ
źۼĸе˷׷׻һСĵĶ㵽һߡ
СĲҹôһ˾Ͳˣʡ
֮еһ˵ղȷʵǷҪɽȥһСĵʲô⣬͸һɽ
зźŵһ𣿡ʡ
ҡҡͷ
˿áӻû¡
ĸ˵ʱͻȻһֻɫСһͷ˹ĸһ
ʲôһ̶ŵòνˣȵһֻ󣬲㰲
ץֻȴȵúõĽѵһ£ȴȻϰŵһֽ
ɽˣɽ¡Ҳˡ޿ֽдĻ΢΢üͷ
ʼ޳޶˵һˡ
⻰ʲô˼
ɽҵʲô˵ټ
ĥһ仰ַһЩطԡ
⻰̲ŵĺʱȴڽ䲻һ˫۾
ʲôˣ
޳Ǳŭһ
˫۾ƺҲûϵܹԼĴӲ֮˳
ʱͻȻ֣ǸԭǶ֮еӡ
ġҪʲôģ޺ʡ
𡭡úõˣαô󶯸λ𰡣ǸЦ˵
һǹģ˻ں棬˳ɾרΪġ
ʱѾЩΣգǼҲ΢ڳ˽ƣǸЦЦαأûжǳ֣ΪζײУ
ûжǳ֣š޿ӣԽԽ䣬ʵ㣬ɽɲȫ
ȫǹСǰɡЦЦǼʲô
ʱ򣬴Ҷĺأ˶Լ֣ôȫµӣ
֪Լֻҧ˵
ӴյԱߣĶ˵ʱСһСģͳط
仰˵꣬ͷٵˣպö˹޵һ
ĿеĽź⡣
һˣһ˵ţϣϡ˵ˣڵˡǲ𡣡
˵ţת뿪طֻ¹޺ʣµļ˱˴˼以һ
Ǽһɽϵ׿ʲôˣ˺Լеֽ΢Щꡣ
ǸָӵˡӼɵˣͻȻ˵ԼҪһȥɽϡĶҲȥڿ¶֪ȥˡ
ž;סĵķ˻ȥһӪأͷȺڰһ𣬸ոְ滻˯ʣµΧһ𣬹ͬźڰ
ǸҲѾˣһԶȺĽƺʲôûֻ˫ϸһ۾ˡ
Īľ˺˲ʶԶһ㡣
Χڻǰû취˯ֻܽ´ʱ䣬һ΢˵꼶˺ȻҸǽ°ɡ
һ֣л֣⻨ֵĹǡû
ʱʶĻͷ
ȻûҾ͸ǽɡǸ𽥳һĸоڵĽֵ

ɽϣ廹˯ķһ۾
ǰµĺ󱳣˯Ӹʵǵǰƣʱơ
Դɽ֮һЩԭϲ鶼ú
˵˴֮ġ
ͨоǱˣÿ˶ε£ֱ
綯ʲôֵǵĳһġ
һðȻã˵
ǶԵġ
˾һɽеҰһԵ롣
ͨ飬˽ǮĸϲͨṈ̀ģ
ЩֵġΪĳض£ȴֱǱѵһ
ѹֵͷҪȥ淽һ£·ʱȴ˯ţһֻСſϡ

һ

˯е, ģ룬ƺʺڸ
ֲɽҪһ˯, Ȼһ㣬Ǻ׵ġ
ϲ˯ϲڿĴ, Զϲ˯޷⡣
ͦһеķҪ˯, ƷֻҪһ;ñŤ¾Ȼ˯úϰһ
תͷ۱һ, Ķ˵, ǸûץģûȽסԷͷԾˡ
Ķû˵ʵʱΪȷһЩ򣬷ǿԴڻġ
ܵ, ʣ˶ͷ, Ͳôӡ
ûʸһɽǼ, Ϊַǳõֱ
Ǽ˶Ѿˡ
ֱԴǳĹ, ǸӸ˵ǡƽʱǴʵ¡
´һֱǲ֪һҲ, ΪĴڣĶҲ͸ᡣ
Ĵ̸ܶвǼӦòˡ
˲һûи˵ȻҲ͸װɵ㶡
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôһ㶼ټȥ, Ҳ֪Ϊһûбôˡ
һᣬɫıɽ𽥵˹һص, һۿͷʱһ¡
СԱߵķ˵ӣûƼһųӣ
Ҳûһ۾Ϳ˵
Ȼͣ¼ң˿ɫһҹû˯𣿡
ֻ˯ǰҹҹȷʵ˯ţſšһ⻰ͺİһ
Ա𴲵Ķ˵ϻжأϢõĻɽⲻˡ
ǼɽߡºȻ˵ȥɽﵽʲô
ȵȣǲȻض￴𣿡Ӧڹɣһǽô죿
Ӧ²ֵİɣϸոʧһˣңǿ϶ȹһġС˵
ͣתͷ۷֪Ϊʲôûʲôһ͸Ļš
ԽԽ飬ԽԽ飬˵㲻ȥҲСʱºȻ˵ˡ
ţһ㶣Ķ˵ߣӲ֪ģܸһʲôصӰƵĴ
µıӰҲҿ⡰ˡҪȥģǼɽɽȥЩ˰
־飬Ǹһǰߣֻʣ˻ʵʵɽ档

û˯Ǹ΢˵͵˽һйڻֵĹ¡
ôһ𣿡СĶʡ
ûʲô书ֻǴⱻģҹŻˣ̫Ժĵ±ô
Ǿɽɡ˵ط˵Ĺ֣һ붼ٴȥˡ
СؽͰ翪ֹɽûء
Ļöﲻ֪˭ص̾˿ؽͰҲ˴˶һ£۾ﶼǵǡ
ԭ˵ɽǻôһ¾춼ˣʹУҲѾˣǼôڻû
һǱ˲ˣҿֱӳϾкܶ඼һģҲںʶ˵ɶǡǡϰ塣
ҪȻҲɽȥǣǸӶ˵⻰˲ö÷зġ
޿ΧЩΪ־壬üҪɽǣΪҪǮ֧ɽȥһ۵ǣÿ϶Ųͬɫ
Щÿһ˵ɫƵġ
޹۲˰죬ÿһ˵ɫȻĬĬı۾ʼԺƴĻطš
ˣҵġһɤӣʣµЩˣ̾˿
ʵ˵Դɽ֮ЩҲоЩˣʱĶͷɽûа취ܵ顣
ǽɽ˼ȥվ
Ļһʹ˻ʲôԵ뷨Ҳֻܲ
ÿﶼһӡӵǸװߵСͳһȻֱһСһСεķÿ˵ÿһӣϵԼϡ
һᣬʮκͱϵÿ˵ϣÿһ
һ·Ǳ˴˼䲻Ҫֿ̫ľ룬ⷢʲô顣һΣ۳ʲô£ǶҪٷֿˡ
޿Լϵĺǳɲɵľǡκһ˸պþͱǸӵϡ
͵͵һȻһ˺ҵĿʼɽȥ
ɽеһƬСľ֮У֮䣬ЩӵĴ϶һСף͸׿ԿĶ
Ķ˵ЩСȻԼָͷȥ˱ȡ
ȻҲ˸£ʲôûзһļǰߡ
뿪ĴæҪȥˣﶼûҵֻһ뿴ͨģȴȻɽ˵ơĶ
ʱ²²ǴӳȥҪ˴ϢԲŻ˵ƣæ˹ȥ
ǡˡڨڨ˵
ԼҲΪɽϵĵƻԲžֱɱģôһ˵ҲǱϢˡ
˰죬ԭԴء
ĶӽţѾƻˣֻҪƿܽȥҲţ˽ԼٿʲôֵĶ޷ҲǰЩӸɽµıȽһ£ûʲôһĵط
˾סʱԾҪԶһ㣬ܹĸһ˲ŻᴩѣԼһЩߣ⿴ЩܴƶϳӦٿԽʮˡ
۾Թһ**ֲһıԼһ׷ùı죬ԱÿӶһ׵ĹɨһۣȴȻһֵĶ
ţôˣĶŷĶʵ
ü˹ȥǧƪһɵĹϣȡһЩƵıӣĴ򿪡
ʲôĶ߹ʱҲһ£ҲⱾЩ죬ϸϸһ£Ȼⶫĳ
ǸʱŸǵǼֽͬţ
Ķ˴˶һۣ˶Էе˷ܸС
û뵽Ȼֵطôһ⡣
ҵʲôˣҲ˹⿴۱ֻ֣ЩΣȫֱ֣ܰѲϲ˸ˡ
¶ʮսѪҩУһӵķӦ
ۡѪƺԳЧ
˰ҲûףһдĶ̫ˣŵǵǼȫһǡĳӵıʼǣ
ԭֶҲֲûᱻˡ뵽
ֿʼ
Ȼеһǿ϶еڶ



дĶøӡĶ˵, ϸȷ˼Ķ
˼Լɡҿֻ֮÷, õԶһ㡣
֪㲻ϲĶЦŵҾһ𿴡
ԱҲſǸӣΪ棬Ҫ˵СӾЩֵֹ, ôڣȻҪߣھȻĽȥôһ, ˶
ֻĶ񻹺ӣƺΪ鿴ĺܿ졣
桭дĶʲôöıԽԽ, Щ˵׶˭ΪʲôЩ⣿
ı͸˱̬һһġ
΢Щķ꣬Ϳ˿ǰԹŵ¡
¸ոҲһۣȻûҪⱾӡ
һС·ϣ֪ģҲ֪ǽҪȥ
ʵ˵, ڶҸʲô⡣
ڽ쿴ЩľĿ֮ǰ, , Ѿͣˡ
ôҲôķӰԶԶĺȻ
͵ؾһ̧ͷķ˹ȥǱӰӰ´µ, ǹ˼ˡ
ոյǸ죬ǹ޵
ԭں淭ĶҲ۾һ, 鱾Ǳ߿˹ȥ
ǱȷʵһȺˣֻǲûע⵽ӡ
Ķȥѧ, Ҳ
۷ԭΪԼûٿһȺأϾշ˵⣬Ӧ÷ǳ鷳Ҳ֪ΪΣĻǻһԲֱɱɽһ֡
Σ¾Ȼϳ»ɽ£ʼ˾ȻеԵģȻʲô˵Ǵǹˣһ棬ȴֿʼɽµˡ
Ϊܾûһֿܡɽ²ΪҪЩôǵΪɽЩ̫Ѹ㣬ȰЩ˽
¶ЩϸѸ㣬Щ˵жѸ㣿
ǲûע⵽ĻǣΪеעѾΧЩӸסˡ
Щӡ񶼱˴򿪹޿ڵɢЩľ˵
˭򿪵ģ֮ǰ翴ŵЩɢİӣȻ
Ҳǲܰ˿
ͺؽҲͷŪһɣղʱ޿̲ŷ˸ɱĻ棬ῴЩľ壬ŷûгµĿܣһ
ĶС˵ţһȺ۾ҪȺ˵ˣҪҳ˭ľٶġ
ſڲݴ濴ʱȻһֵĸоңϵʱҪ뿪ʱѰ·һϹȥȫĵطΣյĵط͵˸
ǡͦġĶ˭Ƚ֡
ҲϾ֣˵Ǹӣǣܻɽƭء˵⻰ʱƺѾӸɵ£
һ£ڸʲôȫ״ڵĵ˵
ǰºȻվһûҪʲôֻһֱͦͦĳǱ˹ȥȺ͵طһС
һɽµˣЩԭڹ۲İ裬һӱͻİһ
ȵȣȱң˴һҪɢǾۼһ𣡡
ǸӰַǳĸ߳еѵģ֪ۼҪܣɵ׻мɢġ
˭ܳˡ´ʱȻ˵
ںѾɵ˵Żعţһ
ͺؽɽ֣ǵϱ˴˻źʣµܳ˽һ룬˷ķȥеܵģеǵܵġ
ԽԽЩĿɿڴ֪²Ե޹ʵȥˣЩܳĶ붼Щġ
ɵʣµ˻ɽʱ֮һʱȷ̫ˡ
˺öˡĶҲЩ˼飬ϤӰȻйʱ۾ɴˡ
ȵȣΪʲôҪأԱһֱԹϵͻȻһ֮⡣
ܼ򵥣ǡ˵žվȻŷ˵ֿܣһᵽɽмϡ
ʣµ˲ȫɵˣǱΪڿЦ¶˵תͿʼʱǲʶһûпЦġ
Χ˲Ҷ৶γѣ׷ѡ˸ͬķܣܵʱỨҸܲ찡ΪʲôҪܰ
ΪһǸ񾭲ŭĺøղת˵Լǰ׳ա
תˣⴿҪǼﰡ

洩š󣬽ŲԽԽŻվʱתȥ
׷һ·Ĺ޿ǰĻºվ㣿
Ҹżյ𣿡ʡ
յˡ޵֮ڹ
ԡ
һ¾ô£Ըɴ˳˳˳ͷֽ֮Ӷܹˡ
վ˿Ż£Щ˼ЦЦ
¿ˣǵĬĬĴһꡣ
һġ
Ҳ˵֮Уˡ
Ÿһһʮ˵ĶȻˣ֮仹ʶ
ǲǹģֻĽҲ´кǶĿˡ
ȻĿˣ¾ͻƵĴ˸к޶ԻµСĵ㣬ɽЩ˿㡣
ңһ㶣Ϊʲô
Ϊ˯ǰһ¡޿ŻµµǳһӣԴǸˡ
˼һᣬҲû˾ʲô²ùô϶ǳģΪʱмΪʲôǳ
Ϊ㡯ǹľѲϡָĿǰ˾ǡ㡯
Ļû̧ͷһۡ
ԴɽһֱһЩֵľٶ㻪ҲûֵģһֱͼлµһЩصıͿµ֡
Ѿ˿ʼɡ㡯ˡһ˵ţһǸӣ˯֮ǰĪĽ˸µˣȻǿʼˣǾ;ԲŹġ
ǾҵӰɣҴŶˡµ˵ͷܸܲҪʲôҲܸһ㡣
ӣֻһЩӶѡ޿ŻµƤЩƵģЩͷĲӡ
ҪңҵȥϵǼҵдߡ۵ġ

ֲ

ǵڶܵɽġ
͵˵, ˲Щ٣С·ֱӴģûˡ
Ҫ˵, ǵɽܵ, һƸȦ, Ȼ絽
һƨ, ڽŪŸոŪҰ֮ġ
ǵĸ, , ո·Ͼ˵С꣬·Щ꣬оܲ
еԼɽµİˡʱļҲûŻزȥ顣
Ǹ·, иڶɽ¡
мɾ·öá
ôʱǱߺȻӹһһ, æסӹǶϤĴС
ǸɫƤİ㶡
ǱһԲİ˻ȥ, æѰ, Ķ, ·ҩм˵顣
Ǽˬ·˳, ɽ濴˹ȥȴֻЩʳűȥֹǱ
, ʣµҲˡǻʱѾµĺܴˣɽ·Ţġ
ĶǻʱͿºͷֱɽˣмԶһλˡ˾͸˭ʶ˭ƵģͦһɽŪÿر͡
أĶʣæ˹ָоĪĶ뵽ˡϲʡ
Ķʲôûˡ
Ž£ֱĳǱ˹ȥ
ԭĶԼʲôأ˭֪ĶȻƹ
˲;ùֵֹģŤͷֳǱ߿˹ȥ
ǻʱһˡĶ˵ǸһɽǸ࿴ͦǸˡ
³Ĭһ£ôˣ
ǿС·ɽ
ιأںıӵǸĶ˭׶Ѳ֪
ԣҲ˹ȥ˶Ĵأһ˹ֵֹģ˵ɽܣһͶǸƵģں׷˰Ҳû׷ϡ
˰̲סӺվȥ˼ҲȥǾͲˣȻȥ׷˼ҡ

ˣ˵;·ȥһΡĶôţ˺ȥǵĶ
ǵĶʲôƵʡ
֪ˡĶдʲô𣿡
ȥҲûǸ˵Ҫʲô
岻ǵĻһڽȥ֮ǰõļˡʱͻȻȻ˼
ԼС̶𣿡İļĶתͷǼʱ򣬺Ȼ۾Ȼ󡰰һ
ɽһĬ󣬺Ȼ˶ΧǼǰ档
ҵģĪǾһ˼ĵ
԰ˡĶһĵôһֱû뵽أ
ɽ৵ķΧǰ濴飬ԽԽʱ޴ȥҲֻøˡ
һ˶ں棬ǴһĿռһ˾һ۵Ȼġ
ûз⼸ʱӻе㷢һľӣϲͣԼȡ
⼸Ķ󲿷ֶ˿ûǰԣûк󲿷ֻǺܵظĲ
һ򵥵ġĳ״µʵ顱ǾظʮΣÿһεĽ۶ǡʧܡ֡
ֶһҳҳĿȥѲ˲˯ĳ嶯
ĳֶָˣԲǶ⼸һĶӲſ˰Сʱ
ڼһ˰ںţҲûָܹʱûﻹ͵͵һġ
֪ΪʲôܾԱߣԼûʲôˣڸԽԽϡ
Է˵㲻һ£ָоܲϲ
˿ãڣ֪ʶΪʼԲһЩʲŨȤ
һ£ʡʲô˼

žɽȻ
ӣĶԼǱط˷ҼǵҸոտָʵĵط
ԼǵʣƺôͣʱЩֻ߹ӺΣգҪܣȴʲôҲû˵
𣿡üҸод˼̫һ
ʵҲôáĶֻô˵
ǡ˹أ˻ü̽ʳһʡ
ɽһĬ
ƺЩˣק˸СС·Դ濪ʼС˵ĻȤ
Աߵ𣬵ĶȴĪĴ˸䡣
ԼͬĳĬ顣
һᣬһдɽļžһ˷ܵ˵ҵˣҵΪʲôôԭˣ
ѽĶЩ£ôզզһһ׷״ŵŭĿһһէĸ
ҵ˸ص˵ѲӷĶǰ
ʲôĶЩĵһֱզզģƽǨͣղȷе㱻ŵˣҲЩŭ
ͷʱȴƺʲôĶ
¶ʮգռһȺơ
ǷʮСʣһӡ
ֻɻһơ
ǸղŲǸʲô𣿡ԣӵĹӰһֱռӣֲﵽǳӵʬ壬ð֪ˣҲҪЩˡ
ĶЩɬ˵Ĺӡˡ
ʲô˲˹ֱֱĿӡ
ĶûһֱŲӣְ˦תڲӶ淭ƺʲô
գҵһеһҳ
¶ʮաԣ¶ʮաĶ˱ӶԱȵ֮ǰЩӼ򵥵Ŀһ飬ҲףֲҪԱſġ
ùǼдϸļ¼ӦһдµģɽҵЩдֻǼ򵥵Ľ¼
ָҳֽĶ˵ҵʱûдʲôҼǵʮ֣һԱȣܲ³浽ʲô˼ˡ
ĶĲд¶ʮգӵջߡ
ߺʮƶûдջŻ
ҼǿĹơ
ԺһΪ¥ǿˡ

ҳֽ૵˵˾䣬찡
ʱ˿̣ҲѾ˳
ǸոյĲ²ȷĻôӡˣСӡָС
ǰʮС˸ʵ飬ɱֻһˡ
һҳֽȼӲĿһѪûȡ
ĶͷҲͬ
ղſЩӵֻͬһĻ˯Ŀһ㶫󣬾ȻֻʣĻš
΢񣬺Ȼָһֵȵȡ¥ڣ
Ͻxx¥ĵطܶ࣬ģ𽭺¥
ҲǸɻĽˣҲûԼȻǣ¥
ԣˣҼǵúǰйĴԡ
ĶȻ¥ɱֳĺݣ˵ǴСͱһ𣬳һͣǻɱ¥ɱֶǳġ
õʮǰ¥Ķ⼸Ӷˡ
¥ʵ˵طڽ˻һģŵҲһ
ҪطרųɱֵġѪͲ̵ֶμʹѪȷĽ֮ҲȽϺһ˶ԸǣΪǾӰµĶһ
һֱҲ¥طԼ޹ϵֱԼ˼ʮǰļ¼
⡭˵¥ˣһСɣǲ֮𰡡
ͷӸõĶʲô߰㣿ôûȸңĲӸ˦ȥ
е㺦طĶܸоմѪ߼ѪĶҩ
ȵȡĶԱߴЩֵĿ˹ȥΪǲġ
ٿĶӣΪĶǸܻԼˣھȻ
Ķңˡ
ʮǰһӡԣصĶʮǰˡ
԰ôˣû
ʮǰʮܹΨһһӡѵ㻹û𣿡Ķ
ѽ¥ǸطÿɱּģǱߵɱһѣܸǵס֡Աߵ
ϸ롣Ķ
ʮǰ¥һɱʮˣֻһ˻Ȿӵ˸˺ģʮԺôǧΪ⼸ͯʱڵĲӶǸ¥ɱ֡
Ķһ£ͣ
ҡֻ뵽һˡ
˵ͬʱҲסˡ
ʱ벻Ӧ˵ʲô
Ա߳Ĭһᣬ¶һȿ޻ѹЦ
ġǸӵģܸܲһڵʲô
Ȼһ¡
˵»ķ˸ǻ˯һ
лҪ˵һᡭĺܱǸϹ
ͷŶ=أ=

ʲô

ļĸ, ȻҪԭҪ鹦ǰʱոսõİ¼
뵱񵥸ʱҲ˺ܾãϾҲָ״Ԫۡ, ʵʵǸ״Ԫ
ڰ񵥶߼ʵ֡
˵⽭ߵ˶ȥ, ҲȱǿݶﻹĪ𺳡
԰˿ڿˮ
˵ǰӵĻûʲô˼춼Щûµˣɵ̼ĻҲû˵Ҫô̼İ
, ֻǲ롣Ķ˵ǲµĶǴġ
⻹ʲôİԱߵ²۵, ܸ⵽ôһ𣿡
֮£еΪʲôɽôļ衣
û뵽εȻйϵĶĪĸпǿվڶ˵ˡʱЩһߵĶŵͨ϶һֻ
ȷʵ
ʼĪʧٵˣɽ, ֻΪӣﲻЩˬĪЩ
簡
ɲһ, е÷еˣϾʲô˶¥Χ׷½»ܳɹĵϽһ˵ġ
ȻԼⱲӶ, ԼСʱļ¼˵ȥҲԴһ
Ͼֻᣬûеİɣ
ƮƮɵĲ֪ʲôʱ, ȻһͣˣʰɽȥһɽϻĲӡ
ԺǷǣͷȥֻʰõİ
ԺеĻ汻ͻȻϣеջͬʱֿ¡
һǲСʱļ¼ȤģϾȥ鶼ûȤĬĬķ˸ۡ
һһ˼ûеˡ
Ķ⼸ӣСĵİպãּۿóţȷ棬һó
תͷ£Ѿߵ˶ڱϣȥˮµĴ󲻴
µıӰͺȻеЦˣǱߺһι
»ͷ
ˡ׶İ˻ԼеĲӣ㣬ҪҪҲһۣ
¿Ǽӣҡҡͷ
С
û뵽ļضû˵Ȥ޺޵ذ鱾Լ·
ǵģһСʱļ¼Ը⿴Ϊ㻹
ҲԼΪʲôôޣµ̬ȾܲˬĲˬ
ʰ˶Ҳɽڡ¿գ֪Աߣֻǵ˵֣ҡ
ǣ㣬ϴ󡣡˵
ûͷҲ֪˷ıԹû
һ˼ɽߣϸϸС껹˵ļͷµɽһŲˣһҪСġ
ŵЩ˶챻𣿡Ķʡ
µ˵ͷ
ǶǷӰɡ΢΢˵ǰڡȿȣ˵
ǡ
Ϊʲôһ̵Ҫ
ǰ棬һС·⣬Ļشǰãһ£鷢ڻϡ
ۡ㶼˵Ǵ£һǳĴˡںðĿ˵
Ķ˷һ¡
¶ԷӵӰоͰһЩȽϡµķӵӰ졣ȫûֻԹԵ˵
µķӸϷһЩĲͬǹƳĲͬϵһֻѾˣûа취ֻȥµĹƳ
µĹƳȴȫȲϵġ
ûа취ֻһЩȽϲ̵ķʽЩʹڲȶ״̬µĳӽһ֮С
ЩƳµ˾ͻԽԽӶ޷ͨĹʵϲǿĸ֮ǰϹƳһϸ֮
ȵȣһ¡ĿɿڴĿͻȻ˵໰£ΪʲôͻȻ֪Щ˭ġ
ˡµ
һ˲뵽ĸƵˣֵǡǣǲһʻͿֵֿģ֪ںʲô
²ػ˲֪˵ġëַˡ
ʸʲôģôҲϻش
ȻˬദȻҲǺĬ˵£Ҳʲ
ĸ˵ŻأȻͣƺʲôţߵҲͣ
ǰȷʵ˵ĽŲ
ʶľͷŻ˺ΪʲôأȻǰȥһϤӰ
ǸˣȻŵı飬СֱҺĶʱϵǸֵˡ
Ҳ˹ȥ˵ƺҲʲôɫҴҵɽϸϡ
׷׷΢ЩСĵĿ¡
ϸĶ￴Ǹˣ֮ǰһֱЦǺǵĿˣȻЦݲ˺ֻߣǱһҲɡ
Ҳ׷šĶ
ֻͣһᣬͶ˵׷˹ȥ˼״Ҳֻܸ˹ȥ׷ĺܽں涼һѺʱ̫çײˡ
ǣʹôǰǸȴʲôûз֣Ҳһ˿һĽŲ
֮ǰѾ֪Ǹ˵ֺܿˣʱ˿̷Ҳɵ΢΢һ
ˡҹ͵͵˭ԴǸ˶֪ɡ
ǰǸȥˡĶһͺȣ㿪ˡ
̼ӿ˽Ų˵Ṧ쳣ĺãһǸ׷ˣʱ˿̶ûڵƽϡ
˶ӣһأȻ󳤳̾˿
ó˸ոԼ·ļӣûʱ䵢飬΢Ĺⷭ
ⱾǡⱾҲǡ˷˰죬һѽֱ˵ϡ
૵ѵҾôù
ʲô
Ȼһ
˱һ
¹ĺ棬֪ʱ˺üˣֱͦͦĳ
еЦû뵽֮ǰǷֵЩܵȻʱó
ֿһվǰ£ޱĶʵ
һΪ˭ءԭǼЦδɣʲô֪СӣС㡣
˵㡱ʱض¡
ʲôʡ
ӰѲӻ˻ΣЦˡ
˵㲻֪
³Ĭ
ǿܶ㡭Բܡһֳӵ¡
ʱҾע⵽ˡ
˵ݡܹŹְ
ߵЦԽԽ֣µҪֱʿ
ŹֵҪ˵ʵ˺ֶܶòֻǺȻ뿪ˣҶʧ˼ȥĻᡣ
һΡǺúõĲһ£
Ļ䣬Ȼһǵصĳ
ͬʱסͬʱ˴⡣
һ˿ŨصĲǡʲô

ն

ͺܲ, кͻӾۼһ
˼롣
ʲôС˵ӣ
Ļ䣬洫˼˵Ĳҽ
ǸղŸںļ𣿡Ķü, ȵȥʱŵһ
⣬ôôࣿĿɿڴĵ
Сߵնڳ˺ɫ, һܼ־֢˲䷢
ڰɡôĳӿ, Ҫܵ뷨ˡʶĿµķ, ȴȻûˡ
ţȵȣأеɵ۵ʡ
ǰҲͷźտҲĵطĿɿڴ
ʧӰٵ£ͷһθо˺Ϊһµĸо

޺ŵļ˻ǰèš
Ǹ⼸˹, λñȽϿ󡣽δȵǿ, ǰͳһƬҰĳ, мҽУǹϾͣԭء
Ǹ𣿡ʡ
ˡ
Щץ硯޵, ֪Ҳ˵ʱʲôأ
Ҿӵ̫򵥰᲻ʲôΡԱһԥʡ
Ӧòᡣ, Щ˵Ӧһ벻飬һǧټƵֹġ
ǻܶԸĹ𡭡Աߵ΢Щǵ˵޺ݺݵصһ, 
ŵæϡ
޿һų, ˵, Ȼ, Ǿ͸ȥ
ԱߵһŹ޵ӣҲȥ
һ·ܹȥʱ, ƺڱˣЩ˵ӰӰӰ´µĳĹľƺһԭʮƽɽѾˡ
ɽ϶鲼ˣǶѰʲôڲһ񻶡
ЩһܶǵˣΪһ˶ʮǿ϶ԭͲɽϵˡ
ﲢһϴ壬һ˵Ĵӡ
ųЦֳһٵ綼ô˳͸ˡ
ҾһҲЦԱߵ²۵ңһĳ棬˵ְˡ
ȥһ޵ôһСȥɽҲӣõңȥȥͻ
˵һɽ˹ȥһȺĳӣһ̣ǽýıӰļֱŮ
ƽʱ޻˵׼µλֻҪ˳˱ܵķܹȥ
ЩȻܿ£ֻҪ̬һ㣬ͻᷢǸͲںˡ
һ˼ֻĳȥ׼ľеͼһ
Ƕ˵㡣ܵʱҲɵ²һ䣬ֲһ궼ûô¶ڵˣȻмֶΡ
ΧлʱʱʹధŵЩ±ɵĹơ
ûĴڣôЩҲδͲǽ˱֮Ĵڣһ磬һоͶһˡ
µĹƳϵĹƳģȻҪϵĹƳһء
ϵĹƳ治ǵҲˣһȷϵĹƳ滹ڣôЩµĹƳҪϵĹƳ棬ͲòȡһЩȽϼ˵ķ
ӿʼԽԽܼǰ濴˲˵Ӱ
Щ˵ģЩ֣ĿͲ˵ˣҲǻġ
ܶƺֻԼıǰܣ޻ֱԭʼˡ
ҺЩҲ̫áһ˵ţһ߰·ԼҲ·棬ΧȺӵ¿ҲͲôϡˡ
ʱ˿̵ĻһɽУϺѹѹһƬĳӣʵҲо˺档
ѹѹһƬĳ棬ȻǨļ¼ƬֻǰǶĵĳӶѡ
ոոһʱͲǳˣټһ϶ǣԼܣȺ˻ܰȫһ㡣
ṦˮƽЩӦҲ׷
һʱõ˲йɽϢеͨ˿еõģеԼƲġ
һǿȷģǰɽȷʵΪ⣬⵽һɽĶ棬һ֪⣬߰˻ˡ
ƲһʱҲ㾪ˣԼƲˡ
Ͼһʼɽǰ²۹ʮ˵ʵ̫࣬Ǹ߰˻һԱôС
߰˻ȴȻ֪ԼǱġ㡱
ġǸģòƶĳЩȫȻ֪ķ
ǵһʼͱ¶ˣϾǵģҲܺúԼݵӣ˵ǽ뻪ɽɵĵ֮󣬾Ѿ۾ǡ
ǾסĿջԷĲ͹ݣ鱨ؤʿõʱҵЩνġˡ˵ľĲ߻֮µġ
ǵġݡֺγһȺϹĹأ
һʼûָ»зʲôǱ
ȻȻ͵עĿһ㡣
ҲΪʲô˵ԭ
һһڰˣһжˡ
һȺһʼĳϾǡˡ
µǲⱻҲɸһⲢ͵͵ĸһЩСֶΣ˵ʲô
ϾŶڷҲ˼Ӷ࣬Ȼ˻ỤİȫִǱ׳һ
ȻģǲӴһ´ŵʯǰ׷ĵһˡ
ʵҲѾеȲˡ
ǰһڵƽ֮ϵģǸʮַļһ¿һ̵ۣľ˲ϻ
һҲϲϺǵҰһļһ
¶һ˿Ц
ãȺơʵô
һֱ÷ʲôõģԵĻԸûطֱʧĳЩ˵ʵǸǳΰĵط
˶룬ϲЩʵǿĹƣѾɥʧеǣǵУҲõĶ

ʱͿصĳʬ壬һԼһˡ
Ǹһأô
Ļɲý˰
޼æ˹ȥһ·ϻСĵıܿڵϵЩˣһֱܵɽڣźȻһ˹Ĵ
ȻƣΧЩڵϵγĶԱȡ
·ϱѪɫӳ͸İףѪ֪ԼģǱ˵ġ
һѺ˵֮УΨһ˰Ȼ
ôһ̶ԼЩˡ
ڻʱǱߵĻ¡һע⵽˻֡
˵ǣͷˣ
һ̣޲֪Լʲô顣
ͺոտɾȻ˶ͷһһ
ι˹ȥڡŴקһѣһѵص֮˳
û뵽֡ʵˡ벻ļ临ӵ³仰

ʵӣ

֮ǰԻֻ, δˣʵ֮лͦġ
ġԡУǸԸʵ, ݼƣʵЩͷ
һֱǸ£ôװǸ˻Ըʵͷ
Ͼ֪һѡˣѡһԸġ
ѡ˵ڹ޿ʵôãҲûʲôʸȥۡ
һƵ, Ķ, ҲǱɵɽפġ
ʱǻɽһͦ, ɽɵǸǲСľĳ֮вŶСģʱûػɽɣҲõԼɽɵϳ
ǰ˵Ǹȥ˵Ļɽɵӵ, ʵǸ׿Ⱥ, ʺܸߣΪҲȽϵ
ʵɹҵ˻᲻ڵһ¶, ڿǸ˵ʱһӾ;ˡ
̫ˡֱһģ̳ġ
Դ֮Ҳûлɹŵ֮Īŵҵһԭټ򵥲, ǸԭжôĶ, ô
ԻһֱΪŵһ, ܹԸŰȵĹô, ޾Ϊһѧ
˵˳˵£ԸøԱ˵㣬ƽʱôϲ˵, ʵͦġ
Ĳ˱ԱˣǾȻڲų£ʱ䱾Ӧǰġ
ڹ޵ʵҲͦùģڹ޿ֻһ¡ֵطһʵ൱ڱ̡
棬͵ڱŵӣȻԻµ̬ȲãǾмֿģȻҲոðŷչˡ
һͿ൱гĻ档
ĬĬһߣԱߵĻ»ظĬĬ˵˸һǿԿ϶ġ
ܴ
¼װЪ˻ᣬʵûЪģһȻͼӿ˶ĬĬĵţ˭֪˾Ȼǹޡ
Ź޵ܲٱֵӣԾװһϢ
Ȼ֪ѾﰲһܴıǩֻǾùе֡
Ʋ⡭˲ڻƲʲô
޿ۻµôﰡ
ҿЩӶƵؾŵϵĲƤ߻зǣҺǱۣԾˡ
ˡ޵ı˲Ī⡣
紫˵һʵ
Լŵķ񣬵ܷϾ˾ȵס
ϢûУϢǾ߰ɡ޵۵ϵĺ˵ġʬ塱ɱΪãϾɱ̫֪࣬ʲôʱͻᱻӰˡ
⻰û취˵̫µǾȵ̧ͷһۣЩ˶û
Ϣʱһæȥһ˵ĴȻû
ȻӿǳĲңģֻǶʱҪǲ̫ˡ
̧ͷʱͱˣ˵ղſŻµڿһ⣬ٿڿϵۡ
ôȫ̵ڵϣȻȴһɱڶʼɻǲܹܶүСӵĸھӼӲܻ쵽ڡ
·µһɱϼֱǲܵ¡
˵ˣǷһͨĽ϶ǲܵ¡
Ҳ˻ûϢãֱһѽקߣ±קĻЩĵģں㣬еϡ
ǰĹ޾ûһһ˼קǰߡ
ףΪˡʵķ֮ôˡ
קŻһ·ɽߣҵһССӡ
һŰ߿Ȼ˵Ͱѻ˽ȥһһߵ
úõĴţһֱϡҹƵӦþͽˣʱɽʱٽ
һ߹һ߶߶ģǰοӲ̫СƵġ
ЩεĸһդȣȵȣΪʲôҪҹʶ·ṦҲϺȵġ
޲֪һѴɴİϣȻŶŻһЦµ԰ҶҶʹ㰡
һ仰ƺû»һ
Ҳû̫⣬һЦݣԿպãȻתɫ˲
ðһ̫ʵֵطֱںˣԼĹȥû뵽ʵȻɱ˶
һɱ֡Ȼɱ˶ǻ֮
һˣֵطǻẦġ
룬֪ΪʲôԽԽһȭԱߵϡ
ЩҶͣһᣬջȭͷޱǰߡ
ѾˣӦöֻβˣ´ڵҲࡣ
ȫһȨȵɽʱٰų
ЩˡӦõɽϵˣ
ްĿͶɽϣ²Ӧõġ
ضֽ΢ƵĲӣʵǵʵ¼
ٷݣǧʵ¼ɢɽϣҪõֻһݶѡ
Ϊֻһǳɹġµİİ񵥳ǰ˶ΪһѾϵ˵ļ¼£ݶȴѾΪĶ
µ˶ۼֻΪǶҪõһ֮ǰĵĶ
ڻߵ˺ܳʱ䣬ɽ·Ѿʱ䲻ˣС·ȥ˿ûеΧЩľ赲ȥ·
һ̵ܵ棬Ƿݼ¼λŲԲҪ
Щ˻Ѽ¼ô֮УվһǼ¼ġ
ովѾһˡ

СĿǸˣǸһüʲô
Ķ߽¶һ˿Ц
ԭذ
еĳ˳
ɽ޶ƹˡ
޲һؽϵˣֻ˵ȷɽϱֵֵˣܹ˳㱨ĳǾٺòˡ
Ȼʱ޺Ȼһ㴰ֽ˶ҲһŹֵЦ
Цã
޻δתͺȻһʹ
ͬ
ҧ´ԼûкȻ˵һ̣һ˵ϡ
Ȼʹײײ˳
ԡȫԣǸǷ
Ϊʲôﱩ¶٣
ͷвʣҲв⣬ײײܵ˸ո¼ǸɽΪǵɽĵΣͨһ
ˡ˵˳ƺЩͷеèĸо
ˣһһȫʬ
ҧֻһܹһݵġ
ˣҲǸͬھ
޾޳еЦ
ղŻһˣ˵ӻ³أתͷͱ˷ˣۿ״̬ܹ죬ֵո㡣
˺ܾãȵֶˣѪͣ˳Ÿ첲
ƺѾһʱûˣûġ
ڣɽ֮һ˵ĽŲ
ǸŲỺǸĳš
еĽԽԽѪĸ࣬ƺںӡڣǸߵսǵʱӳһ
һǿҵƿʹ˹޵ȫ
Ȼ󣬱һֵֻ
һھʱȴӰ߳һˣĸ첲ĲҲĳ
Ǹվǰϵı鵭ĮֻֻץŽ
ŽֻѾлˣڿʼѪ˳Žϵ
ֻɺȣ˿ûںԼ˵һüۼûзκεĸı䡣
޿Ӱ߳ˣһβַ·ѣһĸо
ָо޷ݣǴȱ󣬿ĳֻþһãֲʵٵı߽硣

һᣬǸЩε˵Ҿǳû¡
ȿȣ֪㲻ҳɾҲýҰɡ

󹷹

žɽ, º͹˴۵Сۡ
Ÿոմ·˺Ĳ°ֻڲϵµѪ
°Īľ˾Ƶġ
̧־̧֣¾¡
¿Լոձõ, ˵ԼĿɺö, תͷͿƺҪԼ, ͺԾת˳ȥſڱǸˡ
ʵ˵ܰ˿ɲףϾôʱĶǷӣȻǻ棬ҪַӵĿϢǺѵġ
һ˾׶ˡ
´Ա߰˿ʯͷ, Ȼر𵭶ʯͷϣ۾´Ǹˡ
˵춼ˣŻµĪľúһƴҪѡ
κλ»ûдõߵѼӷˡ
ո˸ԼʱһСϰߣºȻ, óһеʱΪʲôսķʽ
Ǹ˱ʵһ͡
Ϊ±˿ԼýĳԲԣĵ˵, ˳ְԷһҵ, ǲǺΪʲô֪
Ϊ, ǰиʶ, ôġ
Ļ˵, ˹һĵȻ, ·Ǹ, ͺոһûпһ
߹ȥ㻹ϵ˻ûð, ʡ
ԱȥޱĵĻȥ׻°Լļҵ׶˵ȥ𣿡
Ŷ
¹ԹԵĶ׵һߣ°ͿŹǿǸ˵Ļ
ĪеƣղŶѾ˵ˣû뵽Ȼôˡ
תͷǸ˵ʱʮֵ䡣
ովһӺһ
ǸˣĸŹ

ô£ôͻȻʧˣ
Ŀɿڴź£ͻȻĶһѣĶɿĳɽܣٶȼֱˡ
ĶȣȵȡҿҪˡ𾪵ĿṦﵽĶǵһʶһ
ܵʱֻ˶һɽܣӰ֪˻ǹӰӰ´µĴΧɭ
ƺתۼͲʶһ
ʶΧЩ˷˵ĹʶոͻȻ뿪£ԭϤĶҲòʶˡ
ҲΧЩ˶ǴģΪʲôĶЩ֪ӣΪʲôͻȻ뿪Щ˺֪Щʲôһ֪˺ֻʣ
ĶŷǰţںôģΪǱͲҪǵ顣
ںţĶûƵģŷǰһ·ȥǾͦԲģκҲǱקţ
ӰɿĴһƤӰϷľһ
գһӽɽĵط
ĶŴˣţȥȥͻ
㡭ĶƺҪ˵ʲôͿĶת뿪ṦеĶر
ΧǰŴ壬ŵ꣬ӰҲΪĶܹҵôһĵطˡ
Ī˴ķ˸طȻһ˴š
Χĵģ·ֻʣһˡ
һУֻʣ¸ոճʱϵǼӡ
Ҳ£ɴǼ˳
⼸ǵĶ˵Ҫſġ
ʯͷ̯һұ̯һ޿߷һ㣬ұ߷һ㡣
žĿյϣֻҳ৷졣
ʵЩǴʱģ˿ˬġ̬
⣬ּͿԶͬʹɱ֣ʮΪ¥ӣʮΪ¥¥ѡˣʮɱǰ¥¥£ֻˣΪʵһˡӦһǳţƵˡ
Ӧֵ򿪾ͻ˾ڿµĸо
˵еЩַ˼㹻˴Ĺ£ֻճͻᷢˡ
ôھͲһˡ
֮ܶĿǰȷʵôġ
ķ˷ǱӣҪʲôʱڳģڿ֮ǰѾʶܼ¼̫ľΪⱾ̫ˡ
ʱ򡭡ⱾӦҲᵽһɣϾʵٵʱ
ΪǶʱӦⱾȽϺÿĵطϾӦø£˵ܲͬˣǴСĴ˵ġ
뷨ǰʮҳȻüëȻһ£ְѲط˷
ţŪ𣿡˵
Ȼʮҳʮҳݼһģһġû˿仯ĳԷ˯ѵɱˡ
Ϊдӵֻǰһģһظдʮ顣
ճֱ̫ƿɳˣȷһ˴ʱ⻹Ҫġ
аַ˷һֱ˲£ſһµڲͬļ¼
߽һֻèȤ
쳤ϵèһܿɰСһ
ڲּƻġȤȲǵļƻø˳Ҳʹ߱ø
Ӧô¡
üͷһ壬һҳһĪǺܺõԤС
ķ˺üҳȻҲûгֹֻèĴˡ
ļ¼ǷƿɳµĳԷ˯ѵɱˡ·ֻèͲһҲûйκκۼ
Ϣĳһ亹
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôֻܼȥ
Ǽ¼һڱ˺죬ƺһЩ״ֱӰѲӷһ졣
Ҫ̻ûʲôֵ¡չʶǸӦҲʱˡ
ֵطҪѰ⣬ֱǼЦ顭˭֪ﲻ⣬ֻá
߻Щ̫棬һЩѵֻҪһο̹ĵĻ䣬Ҳˡ
һļ¼ϣ״̬ǡˡСֱıдš
·˷ȻȻһҳ棬ҲûҵǸѡĺۼ˾ֻèһƾʧһ
Ƶġ
ԡȻڲ֮ʧˡ
һʱĳЩƷȤƺһЩСӶϲߣ֮һܲпĴɱȻҲû¡
ַ֣һݼ¼ϣЩߵϲñ֡ӣ״̬һⶼúܲҡ
ҪġĶһ㶼ûֻһʲôӵйˡ
ݼ¼磬·ⱲӶ²
ݲӽӽλãǸ¼дһĴߣͻһִ
гһһԼܹӵеĶִʹõĶ



˰ʲôˡһĵĿ̱ڵϵǸ˵, ûһΪɽɵټһء
ת˹
¶ں棬ĬĬ, Ϊһֱں۾Ǹ˵Եʰɡ
, ߰ɡ޵Ȼ˭, Ҿ͵úúˡ
û, ʺϵ߶仰˵һ룬ͿñĿ⿴˹
ϵİʣµĻ˻ȥ
˳ʱ򣬹͵͵Ĵһۻ¡
ƽĶ۳һź˧, Ըʱ޻˵
ոôһ, ޼һˡ
ǺͻȻ˵Ļ
һȻܻ˰һżƭôˣȻļˣڡĿȥĶˢӵġ𣿹ĬĬ뵽
¸޳ɽ, һιûпڰѻ¸ȥ, Ҳں治Զĸߡ
ɽϽһ, ߵɽһ, ɽҲʼһ
˰ɽϣͻȻΧķʼ½, ±ѾϰΧ಻ϵ, ͻȻô࣬ûЩֵֹġ
ӶǺܾúܾǰˡͻȻǰ濪˵
סЩˣڼѾˡ
ΪʲôҪôķӣºʵ
֪ûͷʡ
⻰ûԼĸо֪ʲôȻ֪ΪҶô, Ҳ֪ʲô
ǰһƵɽߣһ˵ܾúܾˣõҲǲ塭Ŀ֮ǰҾһֱˡ
˵ŽĿ˵ĿĳضʱںȻȻĳֵġ
ĺĬĬţ˻Ȼʣʶ𣿡
תͷЦЦĿۻµʶôˣ
ûûô
ʱһҪһ㡣޵˵ڿѺǸ˾ǽˣȰ㲻Ҫ׳ʲôϢǸ˺ܿµġ
Ȼʸôϣǣĵж֮䵹֪һйڽҪϢ
޵ĵһӦȻȰܿ£ʶô˶ĵһӡҲģ˵⵽ʲôƨԵ
طضʬ壬ӵģ˵ġ޵ʵطǺģƽʱûԸ̤طʲôܹ˶ĵĶ
һʼżƻõģʡ
Ȼ޵˵ͷ
˵ŻĹ򣬾һ䷿ǰ棬ⷿӵõģĹӴ֮Ķɢ˼ܣһ񣬸ɽ¿𼸺һģһ
һ߹
ʲô¶ǹɶζǰ
֪ǲǴߵĶζ·Ũһ㣬Ϸӳʱû˾סĻֻʣùζġ
置Ǳߵ񡣡޴С룬ȻҲ˸߰ĳʬ塣
ڳ뱻򿪵˲鲻Խһ޵ǺܵսúõĿһۣšеӽˣһ֡
һǵʲô𣿡ʡ
һֻƳɷ޵
⻰󣬺Ȼüͷ
ɽϼ˼ʮϰĹƳ棬ЩƳÿһЩ仯޵ĹƳбǳɹģҲбʧܵģ֮ܶࡣ
Ҫҵһ֣һȱΪʧƷһ֣ıݶû¡
ܲңô˶ֻЩǷ޴֪
ԽɽߣԽΧֵĺۼԽܹ࣬˿İľ
ԭǳǸˡ޺ȻԱߵһҵһµĺۼ˲ȻĳǱ˹ȥ
¸ں棬аĥšĹƳ桱ʲôӵġ
ԺѾ˴𰸡

ڵϣ䤱
ûָоڿһ˵Ĺ£ԼȴϢĸо
˵ѹܴм˾ͱˡ
ϣڵϻ˰졣
һƽʱȻһվǱ˹ȥ˾Ȼһˡ
ղűĶµײײ˹ģˣȻоЩΡ
ң׷졭ĸһĶܵô죬Ϊʲôȵң
˵ʱȫĶһ·ɽܵģѹû˿ʱĶҲȷʵ֣һ̵Ǹٶȣǲܲ˵ӡ
Ҳ˷ߣ㣬㲻֪ɽкöˡöö࡭
öǲǣ˸ۣղʱͿˡ
ǣкööʬ尡ǰѺλ˵˳һ·ʬ壡ÿ඼òңǶ˸
űŵһ¡
Ȼûʬˣոʱǵɽµ˻úõģôô̵ʱͻȻ˾Ͷأ
ңһгǵĶرĵ
ˣԽ˵ԽöģԺһجμһĻġʹıԼͷ˵
侲㡣زǱ򶨵ĶˣֻûۿһĻԳҪߵĶࡣ
οһƺһֱĪķЩԾʶʣôһֱڶǲֿʲôˣ
ûûʲôСתƺʲôûз
ʶľе֣Ҳûж룬תȥѲպãȻ׼ˡ
˴˲ͷȻ˵̧ͷ۷ۣҪҪȥһ
Ҳеˣñ˵ԼͷǲмȥģԼһ˹ȥ뿴Ǳʲô
߹һΪӣ˹ȻȻͣ
˵ԭ㰡εҴˡ
һˣոɽǧֻӵĳʶĻͱ÷
ιǸ˿ŷ
һǸأȥģҪǸң˵Էһ
Ҫ£һ˲ͷ
ôˣΪƫҪأ
ո²ڵͷиһѡ
ͷһԭǲ͵͵
Ǹոˡ˵ҪңǿԴȥ
Ļ˻ȥ
תͷ˵Ҳһ֮ơ
ǲ֪ܲܳŵȱʱˡ



ӻӲͷƤǰ, Ķ߹Ҫ뿪ڵ״Ҳټԥˡ
ֻһϬǸ, ȫʬ
ܷ֪, Ǹ˸ոõǸӵĶֶΣֵµһܲҡ
ǰ, , һͻȻͷ͸Ժ
ˡΪʲôҪȥأ
˵֣ϾһմηﱻķˣӦ˭Ҳʶ˼ĵһۣ˵Ҵ, Ҫҵ¡
״ƵĻмԼĻԴɽԺ󣬵ȷкüԼԼ²Ȥ
ˡ
ǹޡ
ǰûвʲôԵĵطΪҲûʲô, ԴоͲܿƵϹ롣
Īǰ˲ٳңǸԸ񡭡֪ô, ȻԺֳ︡һԱ˺µ֣һ԰ӡ
Щˣ²Ǳ̬ȸëİɡ

ȻҪ𣿡¸ڹ޵ţҪɽ
һ·˾Ҫ̤һϿʱ޺Ȼתͷ, ѻ¸·ڴ
һʼΪڸЦأ˺üºûѿ޵·ֻ۰Ͱ͵ĿŹޡ
, ɾͲȥˡ޿۰ͰĻЦˡȥµ°ͣһ
ıȥˣȥĻͻᱻɱġЦŶԻµﱾͲĵط
Ϊʲô۰Ͱ͵ʡ
仰Ҳ˵һֱЦſ
£¾ܻ۰Ͱ͵ĳţľԼ˺
Ȼ㻹Ҿ͸ָ·ɡ޵ߵɽС·һֱߣߵͷҪ䣬Ȼ˳źķߣܹߵһƬû˵ĵطӦþ
ȥãȻʡ
úñܺûʲôãȻţ˵ܱúһ㡣˵
˵Ͷ˵Ļͷ뿪ˣµĻҲûжԻ½͡
¿ıӰιȵȣѾˣһ˹ȥΣյġ
Ҳ֪˻ûͷûء
뿪Ժ󣬻һ˹վԭء
ϵıӽãȻıƽһǰǵխխϿȡ

磬ŹҰɣǾԲܡڸλŽ
ٷϻӵôڻûпǼһӰӣ
͵͵Ǹûĵĸղڿӵһ˲ˣôܻǡ
ֻܴܲҵո·ֿĵطʵ˵ڶ㲻ȥ·һֻƾżϹߡ
ܲҵˣһᣬǸӺȻʵ̵ܣȻ
ͷȫǺСĿŷ˸ۣʱôһ⣬ȻֿͰ͵÷ѡ
¡¡֣ĪԽԽ
ƽʱ˵ֹؼʱ浥һҲǣһԲϾһ˶ɽ
Ҫ˵ʲô㲻ֻ֪˴ܱʲôҲ˵ĸܡ
һԱߵʹ˸ɫһһҪǻҲ£ֱӸƴˡ
طЩ찡ʮԺǸӺȻЦ
ǰķûǴĻոǾ˰ɡ
ͣ˽ŲʵҲΧľе졣
ܹ˭Ͳ֪·
֪еè塭Ǹ˵ֻû뵽ǵô󣬾Ȼƭҵͷϡ
ĿʼòͳԼĽʵԼ书ǺĵģֻҪ˲Ҫղһٷųһѳ
Ϊʱ䣬Ǹ˰Ѷõ𣿡˵
￩һ˵ɾʹˡ
ǲ˵Ϊʱ䣬ǵ
Ӳ֪ʲô뵽ʲôЦĶһȻһ䣬ˣԼʲôţ
£
£¡˵ͷظ˼֣૵ĵ
ֿǸЦ
ЩԾ˻л
š¡Ǽٵģ
£¡Ǽһı¡
£ʲô
뵽ͺȻ˦һӹŵ÷һ¿һޡ
˵ıڣǾһ𣬾Լǿһᡣ
ϾⶫɽҰĳȻҪõö࣬Ȼ߶ͦĥ˵ģ˾жԱȲ㡣
Լǿһᣬʱ㹻ԱߵˡƴĳԱߵСʹɫ֪Сŵö˻ȽŲֻǴվ
ܰ㵹ܰɸֵ뵽
ǼһͰôԼˣЦЦ
Щʣ֪˵ĻǶԵģʼĪͷ
ָоǳ֡
˵ڴ·һˣΣʱ˵Ͱˣ÷ŭƷ£ᱳ˱ڡ
Բֺ˸̵ĸо
ָоƺĳڴֿ֮ĲʸС
Īɽиոʱʱ·𻹳ڸոձӸεУʱԼһȻʪǰĶѨʱãȻġ
ʱĶˡһˡ
˿ǸһֱèϷһʱ˿ĶҲԽԽ죬쵽Щˡ
˲Ҫɱ˷ɱŪȽġһֱڶûųǳӳ
ֵ룬ԺôǸʬ壬ʲô̫۾ӡ
û뵽ǸվȥǸطӺȻ䳤̾һҲӰˣǸȻʲôȲϡ
۾
˸еһѪ飬Ȼ治ǡ
ƺ˵һ˵֣촽ڶˡ
Ȼһ룬ǰľȴȻǱ˶һ
Ķߴһеƿ֪Ϊʲôʱ˿̣ע⵽ľȻ
һѷСݺݵش͸ǰˣȻһݺݵػֶһ֦ϣǸ˵û˵Ļͨͨɤ
һɵ֮ǿô׳΢΢
ڶ䲻һ£Ȼʶʲô̧ͷһԶվһˡ
Ǹ˾վǸϣ䵭ĿһһһƬյ

˭

, £С˵š
е¡
ոﰵԸʱûȵͻȻǰˣЩ¡
µͷ, Ҳʲô顣
鲻Խ˺һ
´ȻŲĲ˹ûͣ, ˱ϵߣͷϸ۲һ, Ȼ󵭵ʣ˭ģ
Ķĵ
»ͷһ, Īһоһƺʲô, ܿתͷ˷, ˵ˡ
ӦǷ, ֪Ϊʲôͷ, ԹԵĸ뿪
Ǹ˾ôҲûйܹ
㣬ղȥˣһΣŷӦʲôطԡ
ΪʲôҪ˹ԹԵߣ˸ոͻȻԼˣһԵɶûģôָûһĻˣ
תͷ, ɵ۾һ¡
֪
ԼӦüȥȴ֪ΪʲôȻһֲټȥˡ
һֱټȥ, ܻõĳ벻Ľ
Լ֮һ磬ֺֻһ㴰ֽƺֽͱƣͿԿüǸȫһ磬µͷʱȴˣһҲֻ֡
һ˰ĳǰߣȻ룬˲ôվҲǻˣ˳С
Դոձ֮һֱ˵ʱʱ̧ͷĵĿһۣȻٽͷ¡
ûвֱ֮˺þúþã͵͵һ·ʱŸоﲻ̫Ծ
ôˣССӵʮֵĽţҲϸֱ˵ֻ͵͵˸
һ·󣬷Űֽ򿪣ֽҲ֪ʲôʱ͵͵дģʻ϶滹бĺˮȾĺۼ
Ҹոɽ¿һȺƿˡ
Щ˶¾ʱͻȻƿġ
ֽ֮ļ벢ûзӦֽдЩʲô
ȵӦʱǰ˲˻С
ȵȡֽдʲôȻĿɿڴ
ӸոտʼΪʲôһֱڽˡ
ղûв㲻Ծ롭Ǻ£ҵĸǰȥ
ֽ˺һᣬֱǰͻȻתͷʱŵæֽҲͬЩ
תͷ˵һ䣬ˡ
ŻȻӦǵʼֿĵط
ոǴģĵһ˵˺ܶʬ塣
̧ͷһ˲䣬Ϳ˺ܶʬ塣
Щʬ˵һģһ
ǶǶƿһ󶴣ж˳żмֻûɹСӣ͹Ŀ
֮ǰֻеĻڴʱ˿ͻȻʵ÷ЩԽܡ
Դѣģﲻͣķţһ˵ĶĸҡǶ˻һ˵ȳζ
ڣûססһ
ôˣתͷȥһ·
ûʱȥ¾Ȼ£Ϊڻµˡ
ֺֻ䣬䵽Ŵ˸¡
˦µֻ֣ʵڶһƤ񣬵ҡ
ǵģ·ʵԴˣҿΧЩ˵ôһ
ղŻΪʲô»ͻȻ뿪ʱ˿̿صʬ壬ͻȻͿʼˡ
Ӧûзµģ˷֮ƺûзʲôֵĲ֢תվֳǰȥ
µϡﻩģƽʱҲһûпʬˣʱ£һΧľʵ̫̣ոյݹֽ̼ġ
ոҪֹסˣһ뵽ֽݣ˲µľ͸ˡ
ȵȣԺһǿֹסԼĲ롣
᲻ˣϾղôˣżҲǷǳɣ
ѹԴͷװµǰߡô꣬ûһݼȻԼʼԼǲǴڲ˸һˡ
˼ǰţֻһһ֪ʣ˸̥˲༸׺󣬺ȻһСУ𣿡
Ȼǰһ׷˹ȥ
ڽ￴һСӣС͵͵Ŀǡ
Ҳ˹ô
Сɽ¸·Ǹˡ
̫ˣˡˣһӾͿˣղˣһΪҪûˡ
ޣޡüͷ˹ʵҲЩСȸң㣬ɽôġ
ʲʲôôģһ£˵
ѡȻöһСӺе֣ʱҪһ飬˭ɽģ
ҡ˵ŻͻȻˣ۾һһĵװˣǶѾ֪ˣʵͰ㡭ιЩӣ͸ϵЩһ
˵Żһ¾ָ˵ŵЩʬ塣ʵո˵ʵ°ɱιЩӡģͷͻȻס˿ڡ
Ҳ֪ԼոӳʲôΪʲôͻȻȥŻСˣ仰Чˡ
֮۴ޣ˵ңĲ֪ʲôģֻǱ·ġ
ǣ
ºҲ˹һ۴޵ĺӡ
ң˵ɽΪץ˵ġһ߿һ˵˶ʶɽ·ֻһʶɽ·ǲŰҴ˹
ֻһʶɽ·һ£㲻ǡǰ𣿡
ǣǴӳȥġ
ӳȥüͷġԭס񡱡Щ硰ӡ˷Ҳ䡰ӡǡ
ˣˡЩķҵĵܲ˳һıָоǷǳĲˬģ
ɽΪʲôˣһԺȻ˵
ң簡˸ã̧ͷǡ
ͷȻ͵ؿ
ȵȣ˵ң˭ش𾪵ĿɿڴĿС
˵ڣɽ϶Ķһߴһ˵˵Ըһǻһȥġ



Ļ͸¶˼
һ, ɽиҪ˶ΪѾ׼˺ܳʱ, ﶼֻһֱ˿˵İš
ڶ㣬ɽһ˽磬粻Ǽٵ, ǡǸʵ硣
Ҳ֪ĸһ, ֮ǾԼֱøһ㡣
ǵڶ, ﻹŸոСʱļ¼, ⶫ, Ǹոڱ˵˼ҵĻ, תͷ˵ϾҪһ, ÷һһѾĸо
ø̼Ͼһ뵽Լ͸Ŀǰϵĵһվͬһɽϣɽ, ɽǱ, ͬһ, ֿѾ÷ǳ̼ˡ
˴ͬһط, ˳һֲʵĸо
һ, ͺȻ¸˵š
ıе, ˵ߺÿ, ˺ö, Ҳߴš
û£ǰȫġµĵ
ܻ˵ʲôµı󣬾ͱ, ˵ˡ
ÿĳ¾һʲôı顣
ʵƽΪϢ̫ˡֵһǡµʱȻ룬˵Ҳһûа취
뷨ʵʮֵ֣ΪѾǽϵĵһˣһôñûа취أ
Īľָо
Ѿ˵ķ룬һˣߴʲôġ
Ĳ鲻Ըҵոնŵĵطֲ͵͵ĿǡŶ룬ӣҰµֵһҲԩ
Ǽߡ˵۶ʵСϵģһһһصʬ廹Ҫ£ͷ˿ڡ
ԼѾʱضεĿ־壬ʱǲҪúӸһֿ־ˡ
²֪Ҫȥ͸ںĿĵߡžͺȻԱߵһ⣬˵ôϹߣ᲻簡
ɡǵӦòôɽôء
仰Լʯͷһ㡣
ǾþԼ˵ûʲôǲܷģͺȻʣһô죿
ʲôʲôһˣص
Ǹ˼¶пܵһһ˻ô
ǡǾװ˵ţֿǰ£ȻҾá¿ܲӦ
ܵģװǾвͨġʱ˿̵ķȻһЩĪЦ
Ϊʲô
Ϊвϰߡ˵ոմǱ濴Ķ
ǰͷûлأȻèĶ˵ߵӦԷʽ֪ʲô𣿡
ʲô
װ
Ϊʲôͷԡ
ΪǸ˷ǳѪǳ̣ǳһܲңԻ˶ˡһܽᡣ
ҲϹ˵ոտǱĶǷܴƱڵһһǳϸ񡱵ɱ֣ԴȺԲаﲨġ
˵仰󣬾Ϳ㶵ĿֵԼôˣ
ûûô૵ĵû뵽㻹ͦо򡭡
ǡļ򣬡úѧŵ㡣СӺǱ˵ܽʲôġ
Ҫ
һŷǰ棬ЩӿյģǱ˴ƻˣһһĿţżſͣһ¡
ƿһŵʱ򣬺Ȼͣ￴ţЩԣҲ˽ȥȻ￴Ϥ
һƺиˡ
ʱȷȷʵʵҲһ£æ˹ȥ΢ϣһҪǸˣſĹǸˡ
ߵߵķһʱȥΪǸϻкܶ
׼ڿʱǵһ
˰Σʣ硭ôôˣ
ʱ˿Ƥ˵ǧٿף۾󿴼˷Ȼֱ۾һر΢ĵ㰡
æѰ̧˳类ŵĵʱһ£ƺ۵ӣϵ˴Ŀġ
´ͷβûп磬ڰ类֮ǲ֪ȥʲôط
磬㣬㡭ؽأûйһ£дһ˿ŭʣȻһץסС˵𡭡ңԼ͵ġ
ܳʲôʡ
ǸղɽҶ΢ĵ
ʱҿĳӺǻģͳȥʱ͵͵˹ҪüֻӳȥǮ
ûüпһǱԼ̰Ƹ˵ʱ򣬾ͺȻһץס֡
ŷ۾ɵĺˡ
мϸĵҿˣɽǼƻ֮еġ
ǣ֪Ĭһᣬǳ侲˵
һֵ֪һˣҲǸ˭һҪСģЩϲˡ
ΪΪʲôû̫㶮߼
ĵ˵ЩԽϲˣڵĹƶԽҪҵľǸˡ
ҪҵǸˡԼ૵ظһ顣
ȻЩԡ
ЩҪҵѵĪǡ˹ƶ
ƶʲôʵĲôܲˡ
Լûа취͵״ʶľȥ£ȻûӰӡ
ʱֶ㵽ȥˣ롣
ƺʹӣڵŤ˺ü£ͻȻһֱĺ󱳣ãڿȳʲô
ǶһѪڵصŤš
ǰȥһۡ
һֻӡ
ֻӣȻֽű
˸ղŰΪʲôһʹıˣΪֻӾĶ֮ǰЩһ
ʱȥˣʼˣվЩͷ۵˵
ոһֱߵӦǹȥ˰ɡָָϵĳӡ
ôһָһҪȥԭ
Ϊո˵˶Ӷƿˣгӷ˳ղŽ°ĻЩƿһ³
ЩҲǹŹ֣ô˶ȴƫƫҪءЩͷ۵˼ȴĪͣ
ƺ˰졣
ûзҲûз
ƺֻһھĵķȻⷢҲܱ˷Ƶġ
˺һᣬȻһûκʣι㻹ǵãڰŰϣǸʫʲô𣿡
Ǹڼ򵥵⣬Ӧ˲֪˲ĺӶǵס
ǵðתͷȻĵȴˮ¡
ˣ硭¡

һʲôûеļһ

ﾲվ˺һ, ȻתﰬϵЩȫɨȻһԲǰ档
ıʹ࣬ڰֻ³, ȴ˺ܶࡣ
˭Ҳôⶫȥ, ȥʱԲԲܽ³
ǰ߰ɡʲôûзһ˵
˰, ֻ÷Щ֡
ոǺȻ뵽ʲô, ȴͻȻʲôû롣
ҲȥһѰ磬һתͷ, ȻһӰԶĸں, ϳ, ø첲һԱߵķ¸󰡡
Ĭһ, û, ЩֵĿһ۵㡭㲻ȥк, ˵䰬û𣿡
֪Ϊʲôû, ֻǰǰš
ĸͱֹ״̬, ǰһκܳ·, һᣬȻĶߣС, һ£ղš˵ʲôţ
˵˱ȽϲбѪ, òҪֱɱôˣãȻĿŷ
ڴʱʱ״̬仰ʱҲԺ̧ͷŷҲôԶɡ
ԼĶ˻Ȼϴһ˵Ĺ顣
Ǳ鿴е㳬ȻеѡôһĿ

˱ĸţղſӵһ˲͸Ͻ˳ȥԼյ̫ðֱڶ¡
ںһ䰬ı󣬾ͶǱߵ鲻ôˣںš
ã԰̰ƵԸҲǺϸдһ١
ԴŸոԼһϵвԾ飬Ƿһ¡
һòԾǷλá
ʱûȥҷ±Ϊĳ˵ĵطúõĵһȥͿȻԼ߳ˡ
Ѿô׵ȫĵطҲµʱ֣ǲûж˵ʲô
ڶֵ£ǵϵЩʬ塣
¸ղ߹һ·ܵľҲûȷö٣ʵҲͷһοôˣͷһֲ˵˵Ĵ
Щʬһ𣬻·ǶǶƿģ»ǰҲǵ߹ЩϲʵǿˣǿʱЩӾͻ
²ԼôܶΪصʬһˣӻѣ֪Լûиɹ¡
ɽʱﻹûôˣһ·ǸߵģܿеĴ󲿶ӡ
ԱֱϾʶӦں͵͵ĸһЩè塣
ܸоڹʺͷϿƵġ;ее㲻ˡ
һ𣬻Ǹʵˣ϶ͰԼĸоһһʮĸ˵ˡ
ڰݵһУʲô¶Ҫأʶʲôԣֻܱ졣
¿ǰķǣҲָǼܰʲôæֻϣһǲҪϺȾͺá
Ϊľ飬ȺҪֵĻ֪ʹʲôɥĲֶΡ
ҪõĶʲôǰķûҲ߱ģ˷Ļƽʱ˺ܶ⣬Ͱ绹ϼģҲΪԱ죬԰綼˵㾫
öֵ˭ʰ磬ǰ뿪ˣԶк鶼
˼һи˹ֵֹģҹʱһ£йڻֵġʱҺͺؽ񶼾Щ֣ʱձͺѹˣ˭Ҳûᡣ
ֵĹ£ʣ¸ʲô
İ񵥳ԺȻڻŵĹ֮ͬ£ǻϢûбǻطµġ
˰ϵļˣˡ̾˿ʱҲʲô²ǣֻǵʱ˭Ҳû
ʲôȻʡ
Щ߻ħ˵顣
۾룬˼ӳ¥¥Ǹʧܵɱ֣Ҳе˶Ϊţ¥ͼˡ
ڰİ񵥳˰Ŀ·ŵϡ
ЩҲֵͦġ
е֡ͷҲСĵ˼ûãͰ˼һ
Ҫҵľôԭ֮һ˿Ҳ֪ԭôΪһֹƶƺֹƶƷʽھ
ⶫԭ¥еģԺ¥ҲûֹƶƷʽĶôҪһСľȻ˸ˣǸѶ
֮㶵Ŀǰ棬֪Щʲô
˵µĻԼõһϡȻֵΪ˵ѾһЩˣһõһϣпֱܻӽһ֧ԼҲûлܹˡ

Ϣʱ򣬺ȻͲԾĳź濴һֺۣܿİ۾˻ȥ
ԭںؿΧأȻоǰķһۡеĪĿ˹ȥ
ʵղſʼ˼·ûôڷϣҲûʲô
硭ô𣿡֪ΪʲôȻʳ仰
ŵ
ǿΪˣ˺ܶණҲûܻҡ˵ĸܻǷϣпͺпܻɽµ
ȷʵ
Ӧпһģ֪ΪʲôȴȻ뵽ǱĶ
ĺںǷݶ𣿻ᣬҲᡭ
ʱõһģ־ģܴоеĴʣ
ڿֵʱ򣬷·Ϳˡǿ󡱣ֲĴʣǶԴµһӦе̬ȡ
۵ʱƺҲ۵һõݶô
籾ӦþһײϣѪɱ֣ոʱҲˡ
֪ΪΣ˲صǸ硣
ɺǿɺѪЩǿѪȴһֱ֮ɵġ
֪ԼӦô磬ڲпĲһµһˡ
µ˶µһʵǿӵ۵Ŀ⣬Ķ˵ᡣ
ǷȴĪáǸһеС
뷨˵ȥ»ᱻ˳ЦӲ濴ǣйжĶĶιһĶƺһˡ
˺ûйԼĶ
ðһ뷨
һˡĻǷݶȤ


ŵ

ЩˡӦҪֵ, ֻǲ֪Ϊʲôһֱڶƽ¡롣
˿ûɵĸоǿĲȷС
ǡҪôأ
¾Լ֪оһδ֮ա
˼ʱȫûвиǰ俴üۡ
ȥ½йɡ۲һᰬСĶԷ, ҿӦѾûˡ
˵ôȥ, ղܹȥ˵仰, ¾еˣǸҲǱܽеöˡ
ȫûʶµ, ͻȻ˵ȥ, ҲЩ֣˵ľ
ѡ
ҡҹȥһǴӦ˹ȥ
һĳǱȥ, ô˵ҲǱɹģӦʱҲְɡ
ˡžȻץס硣֮󣬷ֲһ㲻ʵĸо
ôô򵥵İųˣһ·ͻȻܵô죿
µķ˹, ºʲôȻûںĿ, Ѿˡ
̧ͷһۡ
ͻȻЩ, µ֪ոհѳ³˵, ֪ԼڹȥӦǰȫġ
ֻǸողôȥ, Ϊ÷ͰһӦòôӭȥˡ
Ȼ, 룬͹ȥ˳㿴ʲô
һǱڰĵ˶Ժ󣬻ҲüʱӦ
뵽¾ͶŷӦá

κĻȥˡ
ʱһ, ôˣ
ղ˵áɻκı顣
˵ôֱ飿㲻ˡ
ûҷʲô°˵㲻̫׵Ļ
ܾԼ޷һ񾭲Ļ
δ˵ʲôͻȻ̧ͷһǰ棬ǰˡ
ǿһ˳˹Ǵͷ˰ƺʶΪڿ˵ʱͽһ¡
඼һΡ
ɽϾѾΣˣû뵽˾Ȼӭײϣ˫еսӡ
ӦǶǶ˵ϰ壬Ⱥˡ
ȻҲ֪Щǲɽ֮ǰѾϵģԤıġ
һ۾ͿԹȥˡ
ٴʱ򣬾ǵһμһ˴òԴεĻ˸кȻౣһľ룬İһ
е֪᲻ֳܱʲôͻ˵ܲ
һ߸ˣžеһ֧ˡѹƵģҶԷûܵʲô˺
ЩˡСֹ֮ǰѾ͸ɽϵϢڲôɰɣ
Ⱥ˳䲻Ķǳ֮ģȻһôˣ
ûʲôӦǼԼͬĳȥʶӦ¹ˡ
վڷ󣬷Īĸо˶Լͬĺһ͡
ֵķӦ˶ԿõģͰ綼ĳǱ߿һۣƺǺȺôˣֻзһֱ㶵վͷû̧
˻ᣬ²˵߰ɡ
һ£и˺Ȼǡһ߰ɣ
Ͱ綼һҲֵ̧ͷǱ߿˹ȥ
ղȺ˵ķӦһ㶼һߵӣҪԶԶġ
СſǵĶߵиˡʶ˻ֹµˡ
ǸˣһӾ;ˡ
ΪʲôȺҪˣ뵽ͻȻŵĿһߵ¡
µû˿仯Ȼÿˣ˶ʲôı顣
֪׼ȥʲôطأոһʷеΣҲ֪ô˼˵ȺƤĺҲε֪
ȺǱ˹ˣô̹̹ģǱǸ𺳵ˡ
ǡûʲôضĵطӻǾߵġ
ĸ첲
е΢ּһΡ
¸ںԵʣ֧ն쳣ѹ֡ûƲǼµĻᷢѹֵԴͷ
ǲһЩ˵һʼΪЩ˻ҲһȺǳΣյأȴֺȻƺ
ðŷյһˣѵĿδȷȷʵпǳںġ
²Ǹô£Ǹ˾Ȼ˹ڷĶ˵ʱһ
λ̨Ǹ˵۾ֱĶŷɽϺΣյģǲǣ
ǡ૵ĵ
ȷʵҪǳСġǸ˻ĵһ·Ϻʲôϵˡ
һͷ亹˵˵ûŵģʲô˵һ˸ô죿
æһץסǸ˵ļ򣬰һߣȻĶߵǣǣ֪ˣߣǱ̫
ôˣֵĵܾ÷ֵֹġ
µ˼һֱûڷϣȻ޸ҪúõĿסȥ˵ӹһ٣ָ統Բˡ
ԶһСĽǸϤС𿡣
Ҫ뿪һһǰЩˣȻһ뿪ǡ
һֱ˹ֵֹģʶǱ߿ȥͷһ¾Ȼʧˣеɵۡ
ʵ˵˼·ҲֵͦģоֵĵһӦȻȥ£ȴûʶ˼֣Ϊ˼ҽ˼йصС¡
ôʱ򣬾ͺȻһץס֣ˣոѾˡ
ŵһ¡
סָֻɿݣ¶Ǹ˿ŷҵˡ
˵ֵֹģܾе㺦£ʲôҸ㣬ղߵǸģȻˣֻҪһɤӣϾͻİ
Ҳ氡ǸЦˣ˾ǻˣѵͲᵣ𣿡
ʶǸ˵ʲôʵ˵Ҳͬһ¡
Щĵʲôϵ
һɽѵͲ֣ΪʲôֻǼ𣿡Ǹ˻ĵ
⻰ʲô˼ʡ
ǸƿԼӣʲô
ֻһۣͺȻһѽǸ˵סȻַ˻ȥ
㣬㡭ڵЩ˵ǡҪʲô
ԭƻһЩ䶯Ǹ˵ǵһµļƻ
𶯣û뵽ɽϾȻŵˣո˸ľŵӣȻЩŰǵնµ񿴼ԼˣﻹҪ̤ʵġ
¼ƻʲôʡ
û뵽»ģƺںǵǸ˵
仰оֵֹģȻ룬ҲԣЩ˵ʵȷֵͦġ
ֻദʱˣ³˲˵⣬鼸Ƿǳ׵ġ
ʱҲͦõġģģ˵ȻǸ˵Ȼ֮Ǿͺðˡ
˵ţʲô
һʱ򣬾ɱǸĵ
仰ƺΪ̫ˣԷԼˣһ䣬
ʱӦòỳ㣬ֶһ㣬µһǸ˵ֻҪˣǾͿ԰ȫɽˡ



ۿʱѾҪ, Χһֱƽ˾ġ
Ȼеϣûܱºá
Щ˵Ľȣ롭ӦѾҪҵǷݶ˰ɣ
˵ʵ, ʵǷݶҲͦġǶƵķ, ǵǷݶ浽׶дʲôй״е顣
Ⱥ˻ҲһᣬΪҪԼֵľȺˣȴһֱ޶
û³Ӧǵ͸¶ĶࡣȺôعҲǻû뵽ġ
Լˣ˺ܾãȺҲûиʲôС
˹ˡ
, û, ҪȻͣԵʲôɡ¾ֵʱԱߵķȻ˹˵
Ҳûʲô, ׼˷ټ·
һŸĬĬһ, ƽʱԵҪ, Ҳƽʱ, ջǴӰ﷭˸, ָÿһˡ
ĶǺʱ˿Ҳûмע⵽, øԷĹУĬĬġ
ôˣ˼ں󣬺ȻԱһ, ŷȻóԣҲڳԲȥɡ
ߵˣЩʳ֪ζ˸
ܾǹģڵ鱾Ѿ, ʱЩĻš
ţʲôʱ򹴴ϵģںԼͷʱ롣
԰ɣſģõĻϻȥˡǸָ˵
սԼС
ô֪ǵϾȥˣ綢Ǹʡ
Ǹ˿˿ӣûеһʱش⣬ҡҡͷˡ࣬Ӧû˶ˡ
ʲô˼⻰ʱˣԼˣǰȥԷۣԱߵĻһק˹ȥ
¿Ǹˣ˵˿Դеëװϲ˵Ҳֱӿһ˾͸˵Ҫˡ
йƶ»ûзļ󣬲һδˡ
¾ô̹ƶ׵Ķȡһ˵أ
仰ͷһ飬Щ֡
Ǹ˱˴ŭ˺ܾãҲûܴ
ԱߵķЩ֣Ϊһᱩأû뵽ڰЩ档
֪ǣʱ˿̷ﻹڸԼ
¡硪뵽
ɱҲɱ硣
ﰵظţֵǣڵ˵ֵʱȻȫûа취ϵ
Ϊһˣһһңɼ֡
ɱ˶ŵ˵㲻һ£ɱˡ
ˡĿһ£Ȼ۾תʱַɿת˻ȥ
ڸոǼŵ˽֮ȥµ۾
Χܹ޸»ЩԼ˽ĵġ
ĵطĿӽȫλáһط
ﶼû˹鷳ǻ¾ֻ˵γǱżˣ˲š
󲿷ֻɻǷȺոչϡ
һֱ
¹ڵȴʱһװ˯
֪ԼӶԷϹҲá

¿һ˯ˣ΢һ£Աߵ˿˹ȥ
˱ȷҪϵûлعͷȥϣȫһ֪ӡ
װʲôװء֪ΪΣ˵ӾĪЩ
Ҳǲ֪յķܸоǰеȫѹһ˵ϣϢĸо
˵ˣǡƾʲôԲȥ
Ŷˡ뵽ԭˡ
ΪոǸ˵º죬֡
Ｋ临ӣԼһ̺ܲʹ飬µͷˣΥŵҲǲܵˡ
˿ᡣǱӵķ˳˽⣬˵Ӧþҳ㷹һ
˵¶֣²ỳôء롣
Ǹˣ˭ŵӣôܻ
˵⣬¿˯ıӰ
ǰȻһЩ棬ǻɽУ°ı˯ſһֻССĻ
ʱ¿ȥһ㶼һѪɱ֣һʮּ򵥵ꡣ
ǡ¡ָ̫Ե֣ƺûаºϵһΪӦģǸһЩġ
ʵ˵ڿǱԺ󣬷ʮ顣
˲ϲ˵ϲǷΪǶôһˡ
෴˽Ӵʱ䳤ˣżᷢϵһЩϸ΢֮Щط΢΢ʱ뾿ĸоֻһִ
°ţǷ̫ķңȻ֪Ľг˶Է֡ȵٻعʱƺѾˡ
ոջ˯žһӾ˹Ȼתͷ
ķӦѸ٣ϾΪһɱ֣Ӧκʱ򶼱ѵġ
£ȻһոЩȫص⣬Ϊʲô˯
»ͷĿһۣûлشĴ㡣ְֱӱȥһ䣬ϰˡ
תȥӰȻ˲濴һ¡
Сûмҵġ
ĳطһ˿ҡĸȻһɱֱӦģû˿ģ¼ӵ˶ԴʵһЩֶΡ
һɱֱӦûмңĺƯ
˹һ̶ѣѿǱƲɵģǵ̳ɵģǼʯͷ
һɱⱲӿסطõɽǽ̻Ի͵¥󣬻ǻĽҰĳ⣬ֽԵĻ
ɱǾԲмҵġ
ˡﰵȰԼ˱Ѿϰ߲ʲôˡ
ΪΪԼı̶оȫ뷨
Ҳֻǿȥʵϣһ𽭺ɱ־Ȼܱ֮Ϊ
˵ȥֱЦ

ſװ˯һֱһֱָҪ£Ǵ£ָо﷭ȥģ˵ĽС
һΪɱֵĵУȻеˣϧƨûС
ѵҲСжˣ﷭ȥĥʱʶĳһôˣ
һСȻӲ˹
һ̣µԴһԺ
ֲ֪ˡ
Ȼûһοĸо
֮෴һ־޴ķŭϯ



²ûܶصˡ
ڱеһ˲, ͺȻúᣬȻͿԼԭֱ
±һûٷӦģҲû˶ֱӱƶǡ
ԭ򡭡ҪΪ״ţơ
ȵ䵽ϵʱ, Դֻʣ״ţ仰
ڸոһ̣״мʱĿȨ, Ȼһ·û˵ĵط
ַӦٶȣ˵״һֱСĽķΧڸղŷʱ
ˡ˵
ľĹȻȲʱʱ̶̿ڽ䱸ŵ״, ״нһ˶ܵġ
ȱܵԭ, µʶô˵Ҳûа취ɱ, û״, ¸ոһóԺܶĿͷ
ˣˡ¿Ц˵һǵһ, ֪Լոһ»᲻ᱻ״Ц
״о͸ոճһ, Ȼٴλȥ, ǰе̯ӶӸ˻һ
¿һ˿, , Ϊڸոһ, ״Ťתλá
˵˿ڲ󣬵ǻ¿ڴһЩɫֵѪ
һһѪӦĳִɫķĩմȥ֮ɫ
Ƕüͷ, ̶ѷĩռһ㡣
֡´ͷβкܶ˵ͨĵط
²ĩʲôҩһĶҩκβ磬ܶвĶҩҲһܹõġ
־ǴĶҩ
ɽ֮ǰһֱͬС֪ӦûжҩġǷһֱϡ
һֱ, صҲ̫ˡ̫ѨڶѾԼĸоˣ֮ǰܿ϶˵Ǹӿ϶ɲ£һжδ֪
ŬĻŷ쳣֮ҵ쳣֮ͷƺ鷢ǰЩĸо
ϸ΢֮֮ǰûзϣʱ˿еĹ֮ԽԽ
ĲԾƺȺ˹֮
Ⱥ˵׶˵ʲôˣĪЩջ
ȻƢֱ˵㣬Ի·˵㣬ôҲŵˣôô׵ľͱ˸ˣ

߻ţӸղſʼͱܳʱˡ
ĪԶֻиոյǸˡĿ˷һۣȻʲô˵ѽ˰
ĺļ١ڻһֲ˼ĸо
ȻĴ¡
̹ȥʱʵԼһǴ̲еģŵӲУ˵ƽҪѳְˡ
ԵСĴʱͷãȻһġ
ȻãȻǣһ··ƿе¶Ǹ
еԼ񿴲ֿˡ
һԵ¶ʱžò˼顣
һɱӦǲᱻ͵Ϯеģ˵ǽһɱ֡ΨһĽ;ǡǸ˸ûз
һɵɵóʱˡ
⡭ҡ㡭ڽСӴʱԹ״̬
Ǳߵķ˶˵ĲУҿʱضҪߡ
Աߵİ翴ͼʣ׼ȥģ
ûаεЦţңû׼ȥġ
ߣδػߡ۾һζص
ǿˣղŷͺȺ˹ˣԷղŲŻȺ˴յô
Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôȻǵݣǰ
Ȼֵģǰֻ֪һˣǾŵˡ
Ⱥˡŵģ
۾Ⱥˣʵǰûнӵ£֮תˡ
ΪˣûдǰȥֻﰲĴš
ԱӹǱոշͻȻָŵˣΪʲôɱ˳Եķӣ͸ɽϵһֻа֪ǡ
һոն˵˿һøж
Ȼ³֡Ӧþʱˣ¾ʲôȺʱı뷨أ
ҡ
𽥵
ոһֱûж˵˵ӦҲԸͬΪŵģ鷢֮ǰȴһϢҲûеõ
Ϊʲôأ
ŶΪЩ˵Ѿһˡ
ͷֿǸСӣǸҲˣϢȻԲ׼ô
ӲŵˣȻҲǲ֪ġǳģҪôܲǰѻ˵ȥأ
ǰҲɳΪŵĳԱǡɴ²ɽأ
Ⱥ˵һŵ˲ͬ
ιȻӡ
һһ£ӸոտʼЩĲɵӣᷴӦҲ˰ġ
һ㣬ԣ͸Ͻ֪𣿡
һӾеĺ壬һ£æ˵ͷ
ȻûɣҲûа취ˡǸվڷǰһֹ¹ǵǳֽ£ûн£ȥ֮ſܻһЩӦĴ
ֻģģģǸ˺ܺһ
ܹ˵ʲôǵĻҲ
ҾûǸϽɽΪǸ˵һ䣬βɵģٴȥҲûʲôˡ
ιȻӺ˵ǡҪ¶֣
ȻȰǻʡʡɣṈ̀Ȼ˵Ǻǿġ
ǸǵһηչȻи˵ĴһĿ˹
Ŭڿ˵ɣҪɱǸһҰϵǮ㣬ɱǸһҺݺݵһô
ոջľͷһķͻȻЩ
Ǹ˰Ļ¶һ΢ЦǮҲδػ˰ɡ
Ⱥ濴˰磬ӲĴ仰ʶ԰һ׶˵ġ
綼Ķľ֣Ǽһôأ
ȻҲⲢжôĿأֻΪڰ¿Ҳ̫˰ˡ
߰ɡǸ˵ž뿪ǼҲĬ뿪ˡ
ǳŸոȥķ׷˹ȥȻľȥˡ
Щһߣһھε˹ʶԱһ¡
ûйǸ˵׸˵ʲô
˵ʱҪɱ¡Ű񣬲֪ôͺȻѿڶ¾硣
仰һ˵ղŻ˵ʲôİͻȻҲԼ˵ˡ
ҲûںԱֻǿŰ磬Ī˿ζ
ãšһȻŶֲá
һ󣬺ȻֻһתҲûá
Ŀ
üͷ˸˵˻ʱ˵˻һᡣ
Ű磬ͻȻ֮һˡ
µ˭жôֲͷβԴһ̬ȡ
ǽһᶨơ

ΰ󣨣

ҵˡ
ģ

ڻ谵, վϹ۲ţһˡ
ӿܲã, СһһСӡ
ϵЩȷݺ󣬾½ĴȥΧܡ
ƺ, һ, ̧ͷ, ۾ﶼѪ˿, ɫĲ԰ף˿һŰֽһ㡣
һ˴յ, ȷ, Ҳǰ
Ӱ֮£һƬ·һĿռ䡣

ǡŬıһǰЩˣڷǸոոһˡ
˵ʬ廹δ, ǵȻҪͷ, ܶԵȥôˡΪ׵˿׵Ǹ˵ǰ, õͳ˵
ڽǻ¡
ǡ˵ʲô۾Ѫ˿֩һҲʮֵʹ, ȷǷ־ѡ
ڡȥôˡ仰кǿҵķӦġ
ҩ˰ǸЦܺ, ܿͿԳԵĸоˡ
˵ôϻʲôһĵ, ˣǾɱΪá
Ļͳһѷĵ, ⵶ܴ󣬱õĵ
뵽ո˵Ҫȡµ׼ȥôѵʲôȻҲԶ
ƺûע⵽ǰѵԴһ˵ĳٶۣʹҲɶһִš
˵ȥôˡʲôŴʣȵȡҪ֪仰ʲô˼
Աߵ˽ٹʱȻԱһ㣬һ
ѽ䵶Ǹ˺Ǿһ£ƺʱ˿̾ȻܹƺҲɥʧԼʣµȫ
ͣĴŴ۾ĺѪ˿ƺҲԽԽˡ
û뵽㻹ʣЩԱߵǸ˹קͷȻÿԣӵķϣһǸɡ
۾ţƺ۾Ѿһѵ¡
Ǹ˴յĶС˵֪㺦˶𣿡
ҡ¿ˮѵҡûС
ôûУǸ˵һ·ѵûϵЩʬ壿
Ϊ仰̼۾˵ǡ⡭ʲôϵ
Ǹ˿Ż£µ۾ﶼѪ˿
ƽʱĪƫִ
ʲôϵ˵
һ룬ץס˻µͷⶼΪǰûкɱ˻Ǹһ
±͵һƣײ˺ϡ
һ룬ǸקЩˣȫǱ㺦ģֻΪڵʱһԲԱ̵Ĵ󣡡
սµĶߣһֺ˵ΪŹ˻棬ͻԴһŹ𣿱ˣ֪һʱġʴȡö޹𣿡
ƺ⼸ˤˤˡ
񶼸Żܰ
Ȼ˵ʱȴ뵽ʲôһȻ˵ȥˡ
Ǹ˿ЦЦд˵Ķ⡣ʲôҡ
ԼԴڵӦԴܻңҲܲܡ
Ǹ˵ĻǸʹһòԼͷʹࡣ
ʹʱǰ˾µĹ۲ƺӺȤ
ܳһʱ䣬ƺֻʣ˻һʹ룬ԱߵҲʹ
ãȵЩƺھǰľȽϷԺ¾
һ¡ĻͻȻ˿ڣ⣬ⲻԾ
µ㻹ڽƱ磿Ǹ˶ŻЦ֪ʲô˻ӵעɣܹѳӴ˵Ҫô
ô᲻֪أ˵ļһ
仰˵ĺᣬµɫɷףǱһ
󻺻˵⼸֣ҡҲ֪
Ȼ˵⼸ַ·ҲѾľĴϻȥ
ԱߵǸ˿ŻµӣƺҲһЩ̡µͷȻ±ӾͱôɵˣУҪѧĺһ㡣
䣬ǰĥķĵ£ķ

ȻͻȻһЩ˾һȶųԶȥ
ôͻȻˡ۾ߣǿ뿪
á
ŻŵĴŶǱܣӸղſʼ͸ΪѪԵʣڿʲôﶼҪһӡ
ӸղſʼƺҲ
·һطʱȻڵңȥС⡣
ȥɣ
˵ͷȻͷɿ˺
ոȺˡŵˣһž֮󣬺Ȼ俪˵
ǡźЩƣı۾Ӧ֪ǲϴġ
ҲųĬһᣬȻҲҪ̫ѹˣܶʱˣ¶ɼġ
֪˵
˽̸ʱûж೤Ϊܿͻˡ˵Բ𣬶Բ߰ɡ
ͰʰȻ˳ûж೤ʱ䣬ͷƺڸš
磬𣿡С˵
ˡ
ײһۣһʵڲУҡ
˵ʲôϻЩŭˡ
Լŵ㡣ûлشĻǳԱߵ˹ȥЦһԼܣǶﲻʲôæˣؿ
ƺǱͻȻڸһĿİͰ˺һᣬ˵á

ոڵƬյ֮ϣʣ˻һˡ
ڵϣζûκƺѾˡ
ܳһʱ䣬ΧֻзڴУ˺ܾúܾãµĻ²һһͷ
û˿ʹı飬ȻиոΪƲԶѹĺӡӣȴʮֵĵ
һΪȺǼٵء
û뵽ӾȻġ
顭ֲ÷仰ǵаΪ˼ҿ
ȻͲ֪ˡ
վûһԼΪոڵϴմϵҶͲݣոǵ֮ǰĳ档
ڵµǰһ룬ʹıͷƺûںԼ촦Ȼʱǵȴͣ
ֵ˿Ż£ϵı΢Ѫ
µʱûʲôȻͿ˵ؿиԼ
ǶڵϷ˸Ȼȥ
һװŹƳĺӡ
ΪֻӶԻ²ķӦͣ˶۲˻ºð졣
µʱʣʲôѪ
Ǹ˿Ż£ЦЦȻóջһ仰
ιСӣˣҲвʰɡ
и顭
㡭ϣϣԼмֵһ㣿

һ

Ⱥûȥһ¡
Ǻǿȥһҩ
ŽӴֵҩ, ڿʼһԼ壬Ż᲻ʲôҩﷴӦôһһҲûС
ȺˡϤ, ԡµԸ񡱺Ϥ
ΪԡµԸ񡱺Ϥ, Իһûа취ѵס
һʼǶԻʵĻ, ʼ˻µǾ仰ǡô
ºܻ˵仰ʵĿģΪҪɱ˻֮ǰ, ƫƫᵽôһ硣
Ի¡ʵ桱Ը˵, ǲᣬҲܴ仰ġ
ʵ˵仰ʱȷʵǿһΪǻγȥʱʲôء
ʱǾ׷ʵȷʶġ
Ⱥ˰÷ǳ͸¼ҪǵˣǺЩ˵Ļû¸оһ˿ԡ
ʻ¡ѵûпϵЩʬ𣿡
ʬ廪¿ǵȷ, ȷ, Щ˸ûһϵ
ԴڸսɽɵʱСüΪɥԺ󣬾һֱһھΡ
ָйڵ֪Ҫܿ, ôܹߵһȺδʶǰ
ʵһֱ֪飬ڸôʬʱ, Ҳ˼⾿˭µġ
һʼΪȺΪɱôˣʵͿһ, һֱȺġ¶⡱Ժ, ŪȺָĵʲô˼
ȺڰʾɱȺ˵ǻ档
ǵİʾԺ, ͻȻˡ
Ⱥ˵Ļºô˾˼ָ£ʱڻֵǸ, ܹϵĶԻ֣ôһҰͲᷢ
ʵĲ֪ôһ£һ˲һᱻһǿҵھθиɡ
붼룬¾;Լһ
Ȼᷢʲô²²⣬ܻԻһԹޡ
²ȷԼƲȷա¿ܵķӦȥԺЩ˵ķӦҲеĲࡣ
ˣԸͼŭ
Ϊ˽֪ĺԸȺ˲ԸôһȦס
е۸˵˼ˣǾԲȦ׵ģпܻȲ迴֡
Ϊ֤Լ뷨Ƿȷֽ̽
һ̽Ǹʻ벻мֵ
װ˼һᣬȻʲôһǿĴӦǡ
ʱһҪ󡪡ȷһ£ЩǷ֡
Ҫ֮󣬶Ǹ˾ЦˣЦ˺󱳷ΪĻش𣿡
ûɱ˶ȷϣôȥأ
µͷװһ
˵ˣǻ»ɻɱˣԸӦǲȥһȷˡ
»ķҪȥʣҲֱ̫ףֻӲػ
µͷֳĬ˺ܾã˵ôصԺմ
ŵǲ֪µġǸ˵˵㻹Ǵ޿ɾҩ
Ϊڵžһ𣿻˵ȷžûС˴𣿡
˵仰Ŀ΢΢Ĳ
ΪΪʲôƽ޹ʵôĿͷΪΪʲôոմĪıط
Ϊڵҵľһడ
Ǹ˴ս£ЦȻ㲻Ҫɱ˾˭ϾȻƲ㣬ڽǰһɱԼ֡
²¿ЩҪ˭أ
᲻ᡭ
ϾǸӣɱʲô˱˵޹ؽҪ¡
ºȻ̧ͷնĵᣡ
ϣ˵ôšǸ˿ŻµôΪʲôղشĲأ
СԴһ룬˭أǸ˿ŻµȻô˽⣬Ӧ֪˵һôѵ°ɣ
µԴһӰöԷܻˡ
ãʹı۾ңҲ֪
Ĳ֪
֪ˡǸ˵šʲôŹ֣źԲܱ¶ݣһ¶ݣôͻᷢ㡣
ûа취ŹκˣõķʽǱͣ㿪ˣһֻӰĶǡ
ϾǸͨ죬ϾûòϢ
±۾鼫ʹ࣬²ȷʵ
вϢǱ˵ߵģС
ͨ족ݡĪûϱӵ磬ζˡ
µ̽ȷһ¡ͼͻ滹Ųҡ
ͨӪһΧû˿εĸоûԸֽš
ڲֱȥӴ棬ΪһѪԵˣҸոԵ޹ʵɱôˣǸ˶Իһ˿Ľᡣ
ҲȥӴŵˣΪ˸ոոӣҿҲлˡ
Ԯ
ЩϢǽһŵĿġ
·СԸ񡭡͵۾ݺݵصŶԷǼȻˣƾʲôأ
ǸЦһ¡һۻ£ҲҪңΪұҪɱģھ㣬ֻǾ㻹һô
ֻΪҾϣôһ˿Ļᡣ
˵ָľʱûɱ˻
ַﱾûʲôʸٻϣȻȹѪôͻʣ½еһôˡ
ǸߵԱߵ£µĿŻµ಻ûʲôϵֻǸһȥɶѡ
ҪҲҪһʸ񡣡
˵žʹӿڴͳһҩȻ͵˻µŻһ߿ԣһ߿ɤҪ³
ǸոֶҩġҩֻֽҩԿܱȸոֻҪһЩڶͦȥôһضȥ
ԭ˵Ļ󣬽ľȻǿԼǸҩȥ
ô̰𣿡Ǹ˿ŻµĶµĵ
ֻǡڡʹࡱİҩȥȻҪɱҵˣǲ
Ǹ˿Żʹı飬һЦ
תͷŻ»˻֣ټ£ŲԺͻȫ˵Ļˡ
ҪټңʱԼҡ
ôֿɱķϣһ԰һѡҪҡ
ҵʱ򣬼ǵôһЩ⡯
⣿
µͷ˿Լȫ塣
ǻ¿ǵϲķĩͻȻЩ죬ûа취¾ôһϷ
ǷĩһСʱ򾭳ԵĶ
ո˵ĶȻһ㣬¿ֲǿӽȥĵڶ֡ҩʲô
һֻСӡ
Ȼܻ𳵣ȴ˵쳣ϡһ£֪ǲµĻɵģײ˵ˡ
µĿȥķ
ɽôۣÿ˵ɽϷ飬ԲǧģҲ˵ģϢͨˡ
ôЩ֮УƾʲôͲлһϯ֮أ

ɹ

޴ĺ
Ͼʹ, ҴɽѪѾʪ˲
ʵղڻµǰֵƵӣѾҪ֧Ųס, ȫǿӲͦ
ɽϵʪ, ɽ¼һһ
ľϿ֮, ż֪УʱʱĲҺ
ÿһʱ, ޵ͻͻȻ, һʱܷ
ڵ״̬Ѿûа취Ƕˡ
ոտǶ˼¥
˵ҲǿЦ, ⶫ¥ģǾõĶ, û뵽ǻҪһΡ
ո뿪ǰԻ˵Ǿ仰, Ҫúñ
֪ܲǻ˼
ӾͲöСžŵ, ǹ֪ĳЩȽϡ, Ի
ֻҪͺá
Żµ, תͷͺȻԶ·ܹȥһȺˡ
ǡ
ۼĿЩȻǸոЩ¥ˡ
ǵıľ, ǸոտʲôرµĶһ
͵ؽͷ̽˳ȥ, ô󵨵ĶȺҲûз
ǵȫƺ档
Ⱥ˷𡭡ֵ̽ͷ˹ȥ, ܣ²ǳҪ¡
Ȼ֪¥Щ˲ܲôܣ˳ʲôرǾֵĶ
ֻǶʲôأ

һ, Ϊʲôʱ˻أ
, šΪ׵ǸԱ˵ʻЦԱߵˣΪʲôѡ
˳һµ, Ϊ㲻ѡµġϾܹʤһµˡ
ȷΪ׵ǸЦŵ̫ѭ浸أԸҲ̫塣
˵Ըȷ׳£ȥȷ췽ҹ̷
Ŀ˵ĵͻ֪ĳЩżڵ츳
Աߵ˲˵Ȼûʸȥµĵܹµģֻǰˡ
Ӧúٿ˰İӰɡΪ׵Ǹ˵
кܶసӡһ۾ܹģȻһ仰˵ʵóԹɫ츳ܺٺʲ
һۿǸһ£ˡֱԣӦкܶ˿ĵ
ܹһһͲ³Ҹιȥĵڶҩʲô𣿡Ϊ׵Ǹµĵ
ܡ
˵Ѿ³ˣʻǸһ
ʵˡ
÷ǳ֣˵Ǹ֪˵ڶҩʲôôӦǾԲҩȥġ
ԡȻ뵽ˣǸһʼȷͼҩٳģ֪Ϊʲôǿȥ
ܾ˵ĶΪ׵ǸЦ
澪ڲסģܹӦô죬ĳҵϡ
ӦǲûȫңջѡңΪֻңܸҪġ
ԱߵǸ֮󶼾ԼɵˣҲ벻ոտʵĸľͷһҲٵĻ¾Ȼ˽ôࡣ
ȣҲ֪˭Ǵˣ˭Ǵˡ
ϱﲻһ˺ܹܶ࣬ﲻһ̶ȵģ˻ȷֻôһ
Ȼ˵ĴΪʲôҪһֱԼأ
ҸȤһ㡣
գǸΪ׵ô˵
һԶ֣֮ƺһֻ˹
Ȼƽʱ죬һһ֪ľͷһ˼ĺ
ⲻһˡ
˵ţһֻ÷ɹֻͣϣȻĽϽһֽ
ȣʺְɡǸΪ׵Ц۾΢΢İ
ֽˣһż򵥵ЩƵֽȴĪĶһ˿Ѫ
ֽ棬˵ּ
һ˵ּǼ򵥵һ仰дţˣ뿪
һĪĶһ˿ͣ٣ƺдһͻȻֹˣȻһƬѪһ˵ּ
׻˵ˣƽȣӦĿ塣
ʱⷽĿ˿ѪҲ·һεɱ
汻ڶд˼֣
ҡ
ϡŵǸЦϲ¡
ȻĳΪĿǰ¹ƳΨһˡ
ĻˣԱߵǸһ𾪡
ȻˣҿǲῴġΪ׵˵˵Ѫֻλѣ˹֮ƢͲ̫õӣǿϧ
ұΪѹֵӵܹȥأϵһϰװģˡ
˵ȥԱߵǸ˲ΡΡĵ
˵ңǾֻңô;ءΪ׵ĵĽżȻ˿ɽϡ
ﲻͣһķƺӿ
ǽô죿ãԱߵ˲ʳĵ⡣
ʹ֮ƺ˼룬ʻǸͷ˲ð亹ʼ˼Լǲ̫ðʧˡ
Ϊ׵ǸֻǲŪԼǰһ仨ƺڰ˼š
ҲһʮֺõĺӡǸ˾ĵֻϧѵڲҵҪô»Ҫٻһ˼ӱ˵
µĹƳ涾ʵ̫ǿˣǿ̫ǿɹѪͻԶĵزڴСųĺϣҲһЩġ
Ҳû취𡣡ԱߵǸ˵û뵽£ȻµĹҪӰĿƣֻܼӴԣȺǱӸһЩ
ǰΪ׵ĸпֱܹ˾ͺˡ
ܹΪãǾ͸ˡ
ҡҡͷնԱߵ˵ʱŵһߣȿǵô
ܹɹǽȲýӴ¹Ƴˡ
ɹˡ
кȻ˼ѻĲҽУ
Сĸ¥ȺܣȻܷ¥ȺˣҲɵ
¥ųӣ˼˼룬ԼǸɣܵһȫĵط˵
˵Ĺû¥ɱܵĿ죬ľͱˡ
Ｑͨͨģڳһսܹȥʱ򣬺Ȼ䱻һѴӺ泶ס
ŵһУҲǸ˸һ·ûһ
ˣҪȫˡˢʱ򣬺Ȼһ½ǡ
£ĺǸһֱץ
찡㰡һ޵˲Ż˶һΪǸո׷ɱ¥ȺץءҲɽ´ôأ
ŭҪתͷȴͻȻ˻ȥֻµֻһֱ΢΢Ĳ
ǸıסҲתȥ
ι£޺˼ȻŻ£֣ת㣬ôˣ

Ļ

֪ڵӺܲԾ, ǲ֪ΪΣµľˡ
˼κûܳɹתȥʼЩɻ, µȻô
൱͵һԱ, ˲ͬ罭Ｔʹȫûи, Ҳһʱ䷴Ӧһǳ, Ϊһֱǳߵ
ǻ£Щۿĵ߸йӴ, ֪ʵ
ڹһתȥһ߾ڻµЩԽԽϲ¡
޲»Ϊʲôתȥأ
Ϊոʲô, 
ΪʲôرֲĶԱſ
, ˻µ, ⲢΪˣΪ½ķԼϵ
޾ͳ˳
ǣлú˵, ްһ˵һתͷ, عȴͻȻһ£Ϊµϲûп޹ĺۼ
ոתͷȥʱ·𿴼һĺɫ, Ȼϴһ£˿ҲʮֹѵˣϸʲôɫĶ
Ǵ
ֵĶŻµȴȻ۾·һźɫС, ǿΨһĺɫĶˡ
ɫСǰǲҲôš
ڡĿʲôϡĶÿ˶УϾżҪװɷǱ档
㡭û°ɣʻ£ڿûпԺǳ׵Ժˣ˵ڸʲô
˺ܾãûа仰˵
Ϊ¸ողֻ֣ΪһĪͳı顣
ιڹȥĻµʱͻȻ̧ͷɫ糣˵һ䣬û£ҾǸողСıŵˣʲô鶼ûС
˵껹Ź΢΢Цһ£ȷʵƽĻ»ġֻͻȻҲҲһֻӲ̫Ĵһ顣
áðɣ޾Լ̫ˡ
ﰵԼһԼϹ룬˵ˣ˻һġ
ˡᷴӦ˹ʼ¾ȻûĻԼˣȻҲҪһ˵ĺûᡣ
ǿ߰ɣղҿ¥˶Ǳܣǿʲôرµһոչʱ򿴼ʲô𣿡
ûСҡҡͷ
ҲûзϻתŻµ־ܣµһɲǣĪĶһ¡
µֱ
ɽ·һֱǰܣ¾͸ڹ޵󡣷ǳֵǣܹ޸ո·ϵһʱ䣬ͻµһֱû׷
ˣϢһʱɡڰѻ¸һƧĵص㣬ȻŴ
¾Ա߾Ŀ
˵һһȥ֮Ҫô˵ˡʮֵͷʹ
ʲôŽҲÿĶ𣿡ʡ
ôʻͻȻϬһԸӦöİĬĬ²һ䣬˵ԣ㲻ÿĶȻ㶼Ѿ֪ˣ͸Ͻȥɡ
ΪԻµԸ仰תأ·ǵû뿪ͻȻվԱߣ͸һʯ濴ȥ
ι㲻𣿡ʣ³ڵ״ӦҲûа취ɽȥɡ
ʲôϵûĵҺôҲһŵĲͷڴ֮ѵҸҪģ
û˵ͻȻһס˹޵죬һθܵûа취ѳȥĸоϡĶ˵ˡ
ˡ˭
һηһ˿ɻɻϴԼԼĸоҪǿһ㡣
ƺҪ֮ǰôһ㣬С£ϵһֶƺҲĪķ˱仯
Ǹûκ𣬵޾Īĸо
͸ʯ쳯濴Ϳˡ
Ӧ¥ˣǶЩδĴŴһ˵ոǸˡ˭
֪һ˵ҲûпҾˡ
ɱʵ̫ˡ
ܵ¥ˣ롣ոʧѪ࣬˵ĽŲû壬ǻͻȻס죬ͻ¾ͻᱻɱָˡ
ĶԻһ񣬻Ĵ˹ȥñӻСڻµĶߵǶӦþ¥ɱֵС
𣿡գգ۾Ǳ߿˹ȥ
Ļµ֣Ȱҷ⣬ȻȥļŵˣҸǵص㣬γ֮ǰΪ˷ֹϴ涼ϵһ
˹޵ĻûжȴȻվǱߵ˹ȥںûü
תۼ䣬¾Ѿվɱֵǰ
޶ʯͷѺ棬ʵãȻһġ
һ˵һ鷢չ̫죬еܲˡ
ع֮ķβͻȻ͵سһ˲ҪǰĻºôһɤӡ
ɵڸʲôΪʲôͻȻվɱǰȥˣ
ˡ֪һ㶼չģʱʹɽ¾Ҳûзȥ
վŻѪĸҪɱֲעʱһֲȴȻĶǰ˵и˸ոոңƺһݺҪĶǵ
֪ǷݶľλãԸ
˵⻰֮ǰɽΪްʱҲûʲôͬ
ģ·һ˿ڻԼζ
һѾûˡ룬Ҳʵ̫ˡ
ΪʲôԴ¥ɱ֣˵ѵһûһΣʶ
ɱֱȽԶûпǣɱڿµʱɫͺȻˣһɱֵ۾Ѹ󣬽һ˿־壬ԱߵһɱٵҲûС
Ҳ֪⻹ĵʯǰ棬ùûа취ߡ
һɱ±˰죬ûסֱͳ˵һߺһȥ
ŭһ˿ϸ΢ľ֣ʱ߱ȫס˵Ĺ޲ûпһ㡣
ֻºȻֵĶȥҲƽƽ棬ƺûʹκӡ
µסӰɱֱȻˡ
۾ֺȻ䳯ź汳˹ȥһַ˼ĽǶȣ﷢һ˻Ұһŵ˺Ĺޡ
һûɱֵͷܡ
ȵȡɻΪǸɱֻתͷʱȴȻ³Լߵĵ
ͬˮһ䣬ֱֱıǸ˵Ĳ
ܸңΪʲôҪ𣿡ģѻûʱûа취ѹȻѾûа취شҵˣô鷳شһˡ
Ǹһֵĳȥ
޿һԻ󣬼ΪҲСķˡΪʲôֵô֣
תͷ˿ʮĻ¡
һֻǲءʵԴ¥ɱ֣ŵһ̬ȶɱҲûϵģϾҪ׽һɱֶһѵɱַǳѣ»Ǹһ
һˣôܰһ¥ɱָų
ŻµǸɱּԼҪܺˡ
ǰһһЦųûж֣ȴܵһϢĸо
ƺһֻĲӣ
Ϊʲô˻ָо
ΪʲôôĿ£
ִĸоûдոոָܵоʲô
ҲһһһȻڹĿ£һ벻¡
һͷײ˺ʯͷϣֱӰԼײ˹ȥ



еɵۡ
ŸոհԼײιȥɱ, ˵Ī˵ëȻôͻȻԼôݵ֣
ɱ˭ѲˣҪǿʻϣȻҲˡ
޶ǵԱ, ȫûµ, ΪҲһɱֵߣһƵĵôˣ
ǰǰᵽһ, ԼѰɡ޵
˵ʱ, ޿ԼײԼǸͷϹһ޴İ, Ǹ͵͵ĳһ
¥ɱ֡Ե޹ʡͱӣΧĳ棬ëëĸо, ܾĳֺܹѧ鷢ˣ˼, ȴ벻µʲô
ǡȥĵطһ˵˵ߣŵˡ
ŵˡ
޵˵ͷ, Ӧûûһ, ȥҲá
˳·һᣬҲǸոȺ¥ɱֶĵط, ǵûŵ, ¥˲١
͵͵Щɱ˵, ȴ¥ߺҲһЩ벻顣
¥ԭֵġǷݶȻ͵Ūˡ
ȻҲܱŪߣĿɿڴ˭ɵģ
԰˭ɵءں浭˵
¥ӦҲǸողŷ, һεĽ֮Уÿ˶ڻ෭ԼϵĶȴûҵ
⡭еɵۣµĵԼ˶ûз֡Ǿڹˡ
¥ȻҲܻȥڹ޵ȥǳ˼飬Ϊ֪¥˵˵ĵطµɱƿؼǰٷְٵģôܻڹأ
ȷʵǳ˼ءҲ˵
Լľúһϻͷһֻۣлһˡ
ĶԻµվҺ棬һ
Բ𡣡Ц޺ĵ
´βˡ
޿Ż޺ЦĻҲ΢΢ɢһ㣬ŬŲһⶫܱʲôߡ
һ˹ȥƺûһԶԵϵġ
һ֧ľĪĴӵصðһ
˵Ⱥð˾˭أ

ڡ¡ǰš
Ⱥ˸ĺܽǼҪˡ
ӦһҪ˰ɡ
šԱҲĵˡ
㲻ȺôĪҪǵģ˵ŵر⽭˼ǺޣҲʱ
бɱǸõ
һܲϳҲûٿǣ۾Χ·ߡ
Ͱ綼̫ܲ죬ΨһܵĿӦߵ·ҲӦ
΢΢˼κȻȻĳһ̣Աߵ˵ܣ
˲˾ͳֱȥÿ˶ܵԶԶġ
৵һӷֿ֪Щ˷ֳ׷ǡ
Ȼ̿ͦˣôһΪӾϻСһģֵ롣
ջͷһȺˣǵͷ϶һֵߣǵʮֵĹŹ֡
Ⱥ˵˭ʱ˿̣ɽµķð˸ɽϵĹһʡ
ǡǴðģ

ҪȥЩ͵¥ˣǱ߳ʱȴȻ
ӣҪȥȺ𣿡ʡ
ô˵ҲðѶǵ޵
˵ŻأͻȻײһŵˡ
һϲĿŹǵȻ㣡̫ˣһһء
̧ͷһۣɫҲȻ˷ܵĶǸ֣˾һԺ󣬹æŵǸ˵ˣһ£֪ո˭¥ߵĶ𣿡
ˣһءǸ˳üĵǿˣȺߵȫ˭
ߣʲôߣ޲ʡ
һŰɫߡǸ˵ŸָĻƣϴ˺ɫ·ġ
֮ҲʼЩȺȷʵһӡûУ̹׵˵γǰҲ๦ΣûȺˡ
ͻ˾ÿֻŵģΪ˼·ĨһȺ˵Σ
֡ͦġǸ˵ûҿ̫ҿǽ¥ɱһӾͱǸɱˡ
ȷͦΣյġںҲȻ˵
˵ôܵɽˣǸŵ˲ĿŻ£ͷ۵ͷȡˣҡġ
ǡ
ˣ졣޵ǸһۡתͷһãȻĻ£ɤӵǸϽɽȥһֱš
¿ƷǳãȻ˵
ȥȥȻҵˣȥұŵˡȵҵԺ󣬾ٸϵɡ޶Ի˵
Ȼ뵽ʲôӿڴͳһֽȻ৵д˼֣Ȼ˻£Ժ󣬼ǵðⶫǣȻ̴ǹңסһҵԺɽǧҪɽˣСûˡ
±ôǿɽлŹһݶȵһξ󣬾Ͱ򿪣˿дĶȻЦЦְֽȻϡ
ֽдйȺߵ˵ϢްϢдֽϣŵˡ
°ţıʮֵƽһᡣ
ƽóֽȻİ˺ˡ
ݶԶŵУΪ¸͡ǡ
ж˰һЦһ뵽
һֻСԶͣ˻µϣ¿һֻСϢȻְֽųš
Ǹ˸˵ġ⡱ǳ˼ָľ
ֻϧ

ڻֵ£һССĴ֮ˣôܻݡ⡱أ
˵˶ôģΪܹ׾ٵİݶӻ
˵ʵҪⶫùڻ˵ͦ򵥵ģֻһ˶ԣô£ǾԾڸ߿ˡ
Ϊֹŵÿһ˵ܹӻһȺ췽ҹ̷һ仰޼
ܡһ
ˣȥһ°ɣݸ˿ϷҪȫףȻϷδɢԱжį
ţȻʧԭء

ԭ

Щ˿ȻûʲôӰ, Щʧ

žһȺѲţΧһȺŵ˵, ǵ·õģɽϵķ
ЩǱոչһȺ˸ŵġ
ľûСܰѶӡж𣿡
һ˵ĵš
Ƴûȶ, ھȥĻ
ûϵǸµĵ, պҪĻҲǡһζûнӴô͸ˡ
˻֡µĿһۣұΪǸƳ֮, Ʋסɱ, ѡôһ˱Ƚ϶ĵط, йһ¡
뵽ЩȻûжǿϧҵһƬ⡣
һ˵һýһڵϵĳ, ȻʵұΪЩ˻, Ͼ֮ǰҼ񵽵Ǽڸոշʱ򡭡
Ȼô˵û˿ӣһµĸо
ҲͷһļһҲ֮ôĿǰ, һķӵȷôһĲ֮ͬ¹Ƴص𡭡
һ̫ĵҲá
µ°͵, Ҽķӣֻҿ͸Ҫʲôأ
ˣϹ£ͽĹ۲һ

Ҫ۲һĻһɽɽĽһ۵İ
Ѱ, һ·
·óһ£ǻճ·ʮֵĸɾ࣬Ǵɫġ
Ҫǣ·滹һŴŻƵߡ
㶵ĿŴŻƵߣȻЦһ¡
ˡȻⶫ̫ϻһ񣬲һֱҲ·ñϳġ
°ɫ·ϣְߴԼͷϣͺȻøոЩ׷¥ûʲôͬ
Ȼǲ̫ҵ⡣¿Լϵ·һЩҲǿԸ
ν벶ȸں󡣻ôʱͨСѾɽϵЩµĲˡ
ҲʱҪβˡ
ŬǰţŬĶȺˣһֱûܳɹİ˦
µҲûʲô˼ȥܰˣȻĿôѣӦѾ׶༪١
ǰ˺ܳһ·ȴȻԼûнŲˡ濴һۣȺôͻȻʧˣ
þòһȺźɫ·ͷߵĿһ˴Ӱ߳ĴǴͬϵȴȻͬ
ǡΪ׵Ǹ˺ȻüͷŶǸͻȻֵˣǰˣ΢΢Щ֣Ϊ·ֻԼ˲С
Լ˵Ļ²ôֵĳǰΪߵһˡ
ôֵĳǵǰӦֻһֿܡ
ұΪܴһģû뵽ǱеĻҪһЩǸ˹ұΪڿҵĵһʱϳš
ǡǸʵһ£ƷƷȻ뵽һԡ
δҲ̫˲˼ˡ
˵ϸһ㣬ҲǺԥһᣬ̽˵
²Ǻͷ·ѾܲˬˣڻҪ̽
ĿһǰˣǵصɱͻȻѹ˹ӲĽǰ˸ѹĹ˵ϡ
ѵǡǸһ߹ڵϣһǿԼҪ
ˣ͵عҲŹһء

һƬյ֮ϣô˻Ĺȷһǳ𺳵顣
Ȼعͷһ
ô£ͻȻ䡭Ⱥ˾ȫʧһ
ոպʲôĴ
ôһɭֲôӭţҲûʲôñطϲá
¿ǰˣԱߵһʯͷϣôģ
һֱ⸽ǱţӵϢˡǰ˶Իµ
ڸǱţӵϢˣ𡭡ĲɵԼһͷ·ûа취չ¶ɧ԰Լͷֱɢ
ģ
ǸæԼĿڴͳһݶ˹ȥ½ӹһɽôƴĶô˿ĶȻھô
˵ЩôƴΪʲôأĪЦ
ڵʯͷ棬ֽһݱļ򿪣дĶ
Ķ˵صǸйصĶʮϸд˹ƳôƳɵġ
ݶϱӶûпͦ״һһ۵ģҪǿǵɽϷ̫࣬״кܴ̼Ļ϶ôˡ
ݶϸϸĿܹñͷƤ飬Ȼֽ֮ǰõĶͬһֽţصĶȴͬһ֡
˵ݶصƽôݶӲˣ˵ݶֻǿһĻݶϿԡ족硣
ҲΪʲôô˶Ҫõԭ
¿˴飬ݶ棬Ȼ仺ĵԼ·
Ʋ⣬ɽӦǺܾǰʵƳĵطֹƳҲ
ӳ¥¥ڲ˾һɹ˹ƣ˵ĹƣҲûϣܻţӵĿ֮ܲǰôϸԾⶪʧˡ
ֱ˽һ˺¥ǲγѣһȺ˲ⳡ֮С
ϱӦҲһΣΪطʱ䡣
֪ϱΪ˽һ֮¥Ҳȷʵôһ¼Ҳһļ֮ġ
ʱλ¼ǵ˸״һЩļСĶʧˣҶʧĴ󲿷ֶ¥йصĶڵʱ״æһҪ飬²ûбôҺܿͶԺ
ûдǼҪ̸
ļʧĵصڻɽȻڻɽؽе״Զǵģȫ˼Եˡ
ϱⶫû䵽ô䵽˭أ
˻һ£ºȻ뵽һ˿ȽҪ飬Ǿǵʱ״жûôϣȫ֮УԱɿһأ
ǶʱԸ״кȻĪս״вŻͻȻʧȥ˶עȫĵķԵϡ
ɽϷֵļɽɵҲżȻطڻɽɵĸҲżȻ
Ż°ݶԺ󣬹ǰǸ΢ЩŵĿˣǡѾҵˣҪɽ𣿡
ζЦ֮ǰʲô𣿼Ȼˡǰ¼ȥΣ

ƭ

ץס, ͵͵ǰһ·ΪȺѾˣǷĿ, ֪һ·ȻԼǰվһˡ
Ǹ˴һѩ׵, ߸ո׷ЩûʲôֱͬϣʶղŵЩһв
Ϊ˸ʵ̫ͬˣʹվһȺͬ·֮, һ֡
Ŀˣ˵ôͻȻܵǰţ
ղЩ˿ȫģһ˦Զһ·ٶҪô˽ҪôٶȾˡ
Ŀǰһ, Ȼר, ǸĳΪ, ۹, ٶһ, ƺĴ󲿶Ӿ׷ˡ
ż𣿡Ǹ˻߹
˵ȫ˵ϻ, ڵ״̬Ҳɢӡ
Ǹ˾ֱ˹קס죬ôżҲûãǺúһģ
߹ʱ, ˵ʲôأ챻קסʱѾʲô벻ˣһƬհס
ȵǸ˷ſʱ򣬷һƨ˺ʯͷϣð亹
ˡǳĿ¡
ĿŶԷʶԼҲûбѡˣʵʵ˶һʯͷϡ
Ҳ½ϵºͷȻһ𣬶Щ¡
µûйô룬ղűͱһĵطڻء
г𲻱Ҳ̫ϻء
ЩϹˣʶˡ
ҲǸɵӣͻȻðôˣղЩ˵ǴĸֵģȵͻȻ֣ôҲŵˣ˲Ͳ³ɽϿ϶ǳʲôʡ
˳ɾӮҲŸոճ֣˶ˣˡ
¿ŶķʾԱߵһ˰Ȼ˹ĳĵ
ȷʵǺõȻոͱˣӦѾϴˣһ˿ѪҲ
ԭȷһֻɫķĩǲ״СʱԵһأϧ
Ҳ֪ڿϧʲô
һԺ󣬷Ȼǰߵһ޵Ϥĸо
ʵǰʮ־µģǶ˿޵Ϥе̽ȻԾǰ濿˹ȥ
һ̣һ£һĵĽͱ˷ࡣ

ˣ
ô
һͱΧ˶⧲
ŽŵĸоǰǸǰһҪ
̫Ұ𣿻ĵ롣
ȷʵ⿴һķЩô򵥴ֱȥͱ˵ӵġ
ΪϲϲŮˣϲ£ϲһִĶһ˵ĲҽллѪԲڴࡣ
ողͱ˻һһλø¸ոͱȥĴͬ
¿˼ķȥһ¶ȡ
λӦòˣϾʵˣһƨûС
ˡΪ׵Ǹ˽ŵĿŻµ
죬ƺ˵ʲôҲ֪ûпʱ˿̵Ļ״ƺƽʱЩԣվҪֹµġ
ڿʼɡͱһְȻ˻ȥҲûЩôʣκμٻҶ̰ɱ
ʰɡ
ͷԼĶ˵
ĵĿԼָʣһɽϵġܹжˣ
һˡ
𣿡ЦЦĿ
ԭͷأ⻰֪ô̧ͷŻЦһ£˵أ
ϣСͦʢġ¿һ۷˵ĵطһţ͸ɴɵ˵ϡ
´ʻʱ򣬲ֱҡµ˵Ȼһ⣬ʱʲô񣿡
ǡһϡʹ˵
ǸЩأ
ԼЩɳƣζϤ˶һ¡
о²񣬵Ǹһˣָоô˵ءǸϱӻĽ
ƽʱô̵ĶԴһˣҲ˿һţô߸ϵţɱĽŵʹ룬
ǡʹĴϢһҲˣǲСɢˡ
һţʹİһȻȻЦ˳
ЦҲǳ֣ҪԼ˵Ļϸ֮£ƺʮֵ
Ǹ߻һ˿ůĸоȴ˵޶˸ܵһɱĺ⡣
Ǳһֻ߶һһҪŪԼǰ
ڵϣԼ˵ǸλͷڴڵĴ
ոտ˵ʱĪϤĸоһֱ벻ֱ౻һ
һλòϣͬҲͻȻⲻոմµǸλ
ǰˡ
ҧͷ˵ʱ˿ʵﻹôһ˿ȷš
һΪ˺ǰȫûεӣ˲ԷǲǹģΪܹ飬ȴܲͻȻ
ĸоͻȻһ
ȻͦǰȴȫûпƵӣƺȫŪȡ֡
ʱԼߴһŮԵľ
ޱһȺ˸һãȻ֪ʲô
ոɽ϶¥ȺˣȻȺ˵ȻһṦ߳˴
תͷһ۷ȻȻһ룬ĵĿ۹ޣԷͬ飬֪𣿡
⻰ʱҲһ㶡
ȻǵùޣϾ޸ӡġǰͻȻ˵仰ͦ˼ġ
ƭҡ˵
ǡʶĽͣɽһֻˣ֮ǰĲ֪Ҳŵˣģ
ƭҡûĻһְ仰ظһ顣

ûйܷڼʲôֱһֳŷ˹ȥ
ʶҪ㿪ȴԼѾûˣԱߵĹҲûסһС
ҲѾǿ֮ĩˣڵҲЩʲô
˵һͻȻҪߵʱĶȴȻͣȵ̧ͷ˹ȥ
Ⱥһ˳סǰ˵ȡ
÷ǳСĵ񣬿һǸߵˣ˵侲һ㡣
ܷʲô£ҲϢŭΪʲôˣֵԼ

ѡеĺ

˵һʱѻ¸סˡ
ͬʱ, ȻҲѶĹ޸סˣû̫㶮߼Ϊʲô, ȻҪ˸
ʱ˿ԼѾ¶ˣԾͲΣŷǱߴ˸ɫ
Ŀǰ״ǸԲ֪·, һ׶༪, ҺȺºҪɱ˵˼, ÷һΣ
ոձ, ỹ۵ڵϷ, ¿һԱ, ȻֺȻüȰ
˸ոյֱŭ, ЦԱߵĹ, أǽʲô񣿡
޿Ż, ɫһ, ֿԱߵķȡһļ
һ𣿡µĴӿڴͳ֮ǰǸӡ
޿һۣȻͫһ£ûʲô, ֻǵǡ
ôɽԭֻҪôһѰ¿Īĸп, ˵ĻľͻˣαػҪȵڡ
⻰лĲ²ԷĻʲô˼, Եͷ
ȻҪڸҲǿԵġ¿ŹЦЦһСŮһͷ
޵Ƥ˲һ㼦Ƥ˵ָоǱһֻ߸һ
һǸ̬ɣ
¥ЩˣȻڶʲô
ǰˡ
ĸŹ޵ͷͷƺ΢΢˿ΪҲһƯܿɰŮӣᶼΪѾָˡ
֮ºȻڵʲô𣿡
Χ˲Ϣ񣬻ԴԣӽʵЩ˶Ҹոսйġ
ոջֹŻµǸ˺Ȼ̧ͷ
ǰ˶ĵ˵ʵǽйҲûб飬뿴ᷢʲô
˵;òȻڿܡᡱʮΣյġ
¼˵֮һǶеĳһڸһѡ񣬵һ֣Ů˵ڶ֣˵
ŷ˿ڿˮµĳ½Ȼһģһ˳С
ѡһأô˵ţȴֱֱĿŷ
޿ͳһģһʱ۾Ҳɴˣô֪ϻһģһ飿
ʱҲȻ³ҪʲôһЩΧҪʼˮ㣬һǵȻԼֵµ֮زز
Ĳ޼飬ϵ
޲ѡ񣬲˵Ǹ֮пܾͻֱӵڶԷϡ
ǸҲһ˿˼Ŀ˵ٻŮôص֣һŮڻﶼø³ģƺͷһη顣
ܿʶˣΨһĿꡭֻз
ı˲ˣŻ£ֿ˿е飬ԥƬ̡
ǵѡ⡣
°Ŀŷʵ֪£˵׻ô
ǻѡÿȥ˵Ĺݶ
ǻѡԼأ
ԥһᣬȻ֣Ҫȥ飬ȴʱȻ䱻Ǹߵ˵һۡ
һ˲ùͣʱ΢΢ĴŶ¡
ƺѾʶǰҪѡˣĬһᣬȻϵ飬ȻȾܡ
޳ŷȥӰƺڲ
ڷȥһ룬վȺ˵ˣʣµβǽС
ǡڻǸһ£ŵͷ˵
һ··˹ޣûˣǵðãȻɽȥ
ǣ
Ժıˣ¿ȺҲ׷ˣôȺ˺һ䣬ҿˣǰǸ˵ͷҲص뿪
Ⱥ̿ʼже˰æѹɽе˰æɨۼ˶Ѹٵĳֹ˷Լӡ
ﾲվģֻиոճȥֹ˻µǸˡ
ߵĺۼɨòˣע⵽һֱվˣСĵĴ˹ȥʣǸ𣿡
˵仰ע⵽֡
˾Ȼ΢΢ķ

ţＸѾȷ˸ոǸ˵ˣǾò˼顣
ѵ
ﲻţȴֲòţΪּȷʵһˡ
ûкǸظǾ䡰ƭҡҲûкǸ˹ޣֱֱĶѡ
һ̣ʵͻȻһѻģ֪Ǹ̽ҲһӵСˡ
ŵκ飬ⲢѡԼһʱɻΥ¡
һ̣ʵûʲôԥֻ뿴Ǹû¶ʲôѡ
׷ԽԽˡ
һԼһ㲻ˣȻʱĶߺȻһ˿
ǰ
ѸٵĵͷȻʱߵİͻȻһ֧ڴӰдˡ
֧ڴ˰ִž޴ĳԱߵǰ
͵ػͷһ
һƬž
ȴĪһ˿
ǡ

ˣ΢һ㡣
ǸߵֲϵĲţʱ˿̣ߺȻ߹һˣε
ߵ˵ͷ˿Լ֣Ȼ÷ǳ侲˵ҵȷ̫ˣҲǣãѾûϹôˡ
һоĻǻ汾ˡ
֪Ƶ£ôһ˲䣬ҼΪԵĻ档
֪ԻºܸȤԱߵǸε˵״ԿһЩȻµġ
Ǹߵˣոڻǰˣֹ˻ȥ߷˰Լժ
·һΪڼԵЩ԰׵˵۾ǳ䣬ЩϤ

˺ȻǸոУιҩǸˡ
ұΪҲֻǻҪɱ˻棬û뵽Ȼ̶ȡ
˭뵽һƽ￴ȥĬԣ̫˾ȻԸô䲻һֱ֣Ҳȵˡ
Ƕûпûп
Ǹ˻ڲţԱߵæһҩǸ˺Ȼתͷʣղ˭ȥЩ˹ģ
˵ҩһ£ò૵һʼǾ˵ҲûϳΪĻˣ±¶ݣԾֻܰ˵ȥֱˣǲŲ³ǸӦǻ¡
ƺЩ˻ᷢû뵽˾ȻЦЦԽɳơ
ûеĺӣеġЦŵ
һﰡ

ȸں

ı̬˰, ӿɴ̼ˡ

߸ߵɽϣĬĬĻŸոյһĻ
ʵ֪Ƕѡթô֪ܲأϻһŵĲ϶֪ڲ, ǻҲǻ氡
˼¿űԼ·롣
Ⱥ˶ԴͦϤġʲô߶ˡ
о仰֮ǰҩǸ˵, ϵȷͨ, Ǹ˾Բǻ, Ǹ, ˵漯š
һӴϱӽֱӺһȺˡ
ҵˡ
ɽһĻĻ
һʼȺ֮зֱ˺üΪӦ¥ţɽл
⼸УΪֵš
Ϊ±ع, Ӧٻˡ
ɽʱ򣬸һķǵһ, Ⲩʵɵ
ǻʲô֪Ķ˴ɡ
žǹĵڶ, ȺǡΪԼ, ǵ÷ǣЩǱص, ȻһջǱӡ
ΪʲôҪ÷ΪնءͲòᵽ˵ݣ֮ǰ˶Դ̬ȾͲƶϳʵӦЩ⣬⵽ںͻϤ󣬶ѻºúõչ˷Լŵ״
ĿǰڻµѾһʺ, ׼ȥһʽò˵û¸ֹϵȷˣ˶Ϊ˹ϵѣ˭Ҳ뵽ȻŷǳеĹϵ
ֵⲨˡ
ͨ̽ȷϣ˵ĵȷȷŵˣֻǸ޻з漯ŲͬҲǸ˸˵ġڲֱ˵ʵû⡣
ҲͽΪʲôϱŵȻЩиָìܣ̬Ǳһµġ
ϱӣŸµǽⱲӣ˻¡
˽ԭ켣
ûв´ĻһεóԭӦɽеģȴĪĶ˽
ôһ룬ȷʵûдϱӽġѡⱲӡ²ǻġѡŻȻתҲ⡣
һһ֪ģģҵµǸˡ
˵͹һɵһĿĶǵΪǱӣǸ˵ĿĿ¸ġΪ˻ˡ
¾ԼεºһλӶԴ־ԼǱ̬ˣԸľᡣ
Ӱ񵥵һҹٵ󵽱šطܶǸ˵ֱʡĿľΪڽ£Ȼ˵һ
ǵ֮ǰԻ˵û²Ҫģٹܷȥʱ»ЩƣԼΪξôױųȥˣ룬ԭͲ˶ͬҪ
Ǿ仰ڸ³Զ裬ḺͨҲ֤ﲻ˶
ǸΪʲô֪ϵѪЩӡԼڽ뻪ɽ֮ǰЩֵķӡ
ʱ»ԼϵѪЩʲôֲӰ죬˿µĽ֣ȵǽ˻ɽ֮ȴҲûЩӡ
˳ɡЩҲǸɹ̽µģΪ֤Ĳ롣
˵²ȷģôҲúúõ˼һ˸ɽɵĹϵˣʱ;ţôôһѷڽӽɽɵĵطɽȴһ
ô˷ôľô䣬Ҫʲôأ
ͼذ֮󣬻Ŀģ˵Ϊ£ɱ˻棬ΪµĹ
˲ǻµĻôֻ˵ѾɹһˣϱӮӦҲϾɱģѾ˵Ľ
룬Լȥĵʲôأⶫ˺һоҲûУȫûа취ٴҵˡ
üͷֻܲܰӸ³ʱĲݴȻһˢ
ˣ֮ǰ˵ܶΣɽлˣΪδѣʱ˽ԲȺߵˡ
ôܴͣôһ˴ǧ֮뻪ɽ֣ǴŰǰͲôǱˣҲʲô͸ʲôˡ
¿Ĳݴԣ׻˵ھڶɽʵʹˣ˾ѾɽϸѼ˴󲿷ֵϢ
ݴһԲӰһۻ£˲Ͷһ£ʣȺôˣ
ȫȫ뿪ˣСӽŵ˵
ԣûдγţһһԲΪǻ˵
⻹һˣҲǻһֱСϵһˣ֮ǰɽϣƺһзŵܣֱ˳ߵˡ
һﻪ´ɽϵϢһɽµϢµЩƲ⣬룬һЩԼûа취ֵ飬ί˰æɵġ
ƺûʲôˡСӽŵĿŻ£µİ˰֣û£Ҳµˡ
Ⱥһ֪̽ȺΪ˷ʲôز
ʵȺװɻ˵ĿģҲ²µˣ޷ҪñΪձˣƣһ棬Ҳϣһ»¡
ϾǸ˸ιҩʱ˵桱һ̵ܲˣԭļƻһȺӦ׼һרŸϷģⳡϷһŸֲֿ;㤵ĳɷ֣ĿľΪƭΪɽϵⳡɱǻµ֡
֪ڸշʱԴѣķˣһϷ͵öǸƴˡ
ֻѡһַʽѡ
װԼ͡桱ʶǱˡİ˻ˡ
Ի·ԴȺһֲҲ˵ԼǻпܶһΪûһ˸ȥݽϵĵһˣҲûݳϵĵһˡ
Ⱥ˺ϷȻ𴩻¡˵ֻҪݵûʲôǶһֱ˳ȥġ
ǸˡʹǱȱ»µȣȻҲͦ˵ӡҲѹ֣ԭΪֻǸͨͨķӣܱȽҪáɲ͸˻
ĪˬĸоָоܸйεһģһŻ棬һ߷ᱻǺޣᱻȡ
ԼݵӦûͦһոշ˵˵ģԷʱ˵Ǽ仰
֮һǼǳ𣬷ǳǳݵԽ裬ǸԽġ
ǲ÷ġµҶ̽ǸˣǻҪǵļƻҲûпǹ˻ô
ǸӡĵҪٳһݼٵȻø𣿡
¿һ۱ԼĶĵãôɡ
ԻµǳĲ˼飬ͷû˵վɽ䣬ﵹû⵱һ¡
ȫ綼ҪĶûôҪ
Ϊʲô
Ϊⶫϸ˵ĵȷȷǸʧƷ״⣬Ͳܳɹ

ص

ɽϵⳡҵ־Ǹһ, Ҹظңɽ˺һ, ʰʰҲɽ
ΨΨŵŵģʵСӽӦŻˣϾ֮ǰһҲһ֣ûи߹ԼҲûнԼľݣ˶;µĴ֪µġ
ǡھҪȥ𣿡ڻµǰˣңңҪȻҾһ߰, Ҳ̫ٻȥˡ
ʲôµʱ䣬Ҫæء
ıΪ֡
ɽ˰·̣ȥһ졣ÿһξԼҪ˸ɱʱ, ǻĪı˸Լǳ棬ӲĶЩ˵׷
и׵顪Ǹһ߰׷, һָɽ, ɽ޾ɪɪаİ硣
ȵȣû£𾪵ĲС
Ⱥ׷ϵʱ, ԼԼҪˣῴҪ
Ҳ֪紭ŴֻһֱܣȵҿҪܲʱ, ǰͻȻһڣҾѾˡ
ңҲǡСԱߵ
ʶľǸ;һֱ֪ˡ
һʼΪǸߵ£ıͿˣסǲǣ
һۻһãȻİ磬˿
ʵ°Ȼ书ôṦһһʱЩ֮󣬾ͷҲصȥ˰
֮£Ϊǵǻ£Ҳò˵һõˡ
´ʱ˿ɽµĿջﰲĵǣڲȺ˽Ҫô
˵Ϊ˲Լ𴩣Բû֪ǸǼٵĻ²ջҪѹӸĻģСǻӦþ֪ˡ
°ڷţһֱȵϣȵջűȻƿʱһ㶣Ķ㣬ʲôʱģ
°Լеϣûá
Լ۾Ż£ʮֵĲ˼顣
ˡٶδҲ̫˰ɣ
㡭ֳĬһ£㡭ûҵ˰ɣ
ʲôװʲô̧ͷãȻĿ
ûзŭҲûϲãֻйƽ
ŻµĪҭһ¡
Ǹɱˣһ㶼һġ
ʱµ񿴵ķЩëΪڶ˵˵ʲôӡ
Ӧɱֵı׼񣬷ҲʲôëֻǵԼͱ˶Էһʱ˵ʹġ
ǡΪʲô⣿ɻһ⣬Լһɱ£ôô˵Ҳٻ˰ɡ
ͻţȻҹؽͳƽˡҪɱң֮ǰһɱ㣬˵Ĺ𣿡̧ͷ˵
Ĭһᣬ˵˾䡰ˡתͷ¹ϡ

޵ݱ¶֮ڷѾԼˡ
Ҳûа취ƢʮֱĹڷǰ˵ȴǺأҲ㣬ͷͲҪˡ
ãҲʿԡıеǿ˵ˣ˭
ޱʵһҭ
ʱ˿̣ķȻһ÷ЩëȻ˸£תͷȥͿſڿ
һ¾еˣԭȥģȴ¾վſڣض˺һᣬת뿪ˡ
¿ȥķĵĶŹ޵˸ͷ
޿Ż£Ȥζ룬һｵһ
û취ܾ⣬ҲڻǰΣͬģҲ
ڻȥ·ϾͿǵһ£λȥԺһᱻϼӹܿ˵ǻˣºͽĽСĵĽС
ΪǸΪ¾Ŀ֮£ҲֳӣǸ˾÷ġ
Ϊ˲ûĻԱ»ᱻ뻨ĽΪ˷ֹ±ŵϵ߷ҲܻᱻԱĽ
ͻͨѶ·߱жˣǸǳ飬ƺһ취
ԭƻӦװûʲôµĻصסҪ뿪ʱ򣬺Ȼסˡ
㡭мһ֯Ȥ𣿡Щʡ
һ£һɲǱĳ뷨Ȼǡ㲻㱳˻Ӻ󣬲ŷӦ뷨̫ԡ
Ǹܴ֯󡣡˵ŵʱ۾ֱй⣬ĿȥһԣΪҾӦñȽʺϼط
ҡһ£
ʱ˿̲ͻȻ˹ΪʲôҪ˵ӻ÷ǳæˡ
´ĬĬ߹װûСԣ˵⣬Ҫ˸ﻹǺ׵顣
»һ·ΪʲôǸʱ䣬Ǹĵص㣬ĬһͻȻǳ˼˵ʱ˻֪¾ǻ棬÷һ˵Ϊ⣬һֱڶǡ
Ƿַһû˶ǸطЩŹ֣ѷƭܲ׳ʲô
⣬ʵһֱرŻ£ΪʲôݿµˣĲʲô
ڸһߵʱ򻹱һϹҪѻµݸ׳˭֪ȴֵʲô֪ӣͿˡ
Ҳ˵ѻѣҲ˲벻Ľ
ȥ֮ǰһ½˲ͬĳӣղգգ۾
֮һʱСӾŵ۾ˡ
ǰ;ãĪĸпһͻȻ״ôҲûеģôõһǸ֯볡ȯ
ϱʵ춼û֪֯һϢ׾ٵľͱˣȴѾǵĿ
ǧִӻɽɻصš̤һ̣Ͳ֯ڲĸоƽЩԾ˶ɫҴңʹǿˣҲû˻Ѷŵϣ󲿷ֵ˶æµԼ顣
ôˣ˵ԼһͻᱻأȻϢģ
áڻãʱȻ￴ʢҪ֪ʢһƽＸˡ
ʲô𣿡ʡ
ǳ¡ʢĵҸйء
ң
ǰʱȻ󱻱˴ˡ

ڲ

˴, ѱ˴ˣһ˲ԼĶ˲ӡ
ǡʲôϵ𣿡ʵ
ڽʱûа취ˣʱҪˡʢĵ
£̹ٸԭְ, Ȼǰȥӡ
ţ¾, û뵽ԼһλصֱǷٵ, λҲ˻һǺͻȻһ
, ʲôλʵֳ֮ǰүø˴кġ
ȻʢҲûи̫ʱ俼, ȥ˽ӵص㡣
¸շ糾͵ĸϻ, ͱһѵĻ, æĽŲմء
лɽȫԺ

ȵװʱ, Ѿ߰˵ˡ
ãЩˡʢŻЦŵ, ۰ɣҪ, һ£ȵЩ, ǰ;
С¿ǽûʲôЦ˵, Ҳû뵽һ, һȻͱˡ
һȥɽʲô¡ʢ, Ҿ˵˲һֱûȥġ
ȵȣʢȻΪΪڻɽʲôűְ𣿿ʲôĬĬ˼һ¡
ͱĳλбĴһ˺üjio㲻£
, ҪҪȥһʢ˵ͦصġ
ҾȲȥˡ۵Ĵ˸Ƿȥһܶ࣬ʱͲˡ
ʢŻҡҡͷ
¾ûпһʢ˸к뿪š
ոճŵʱſںȻһˣǸһʼһֱæµţ֮ǰ߾üˣҲûעֱһΣ¿Ҫ뿪ʱǸ˺ȻչȻһСײϡ
ϣԲ𡣡ǸһЦţһ߼С©ڵϵĶû
û¡µ
Ǹ˵ףʮֵ죬䲻ŵһ·¶ûϳ
ǰڻɽϣʱǸ˱ƻ³ҩʱվԱߵһˡ
λֵܿЩưµĵ
ûУûУҾǳ̫ͨˡǸ˶ŻЦŵҶŵͬţлһȥԷɣ͡
ð¶ͷĵ
ȥ·ϣԼûиʲôˣٵ˼ĳתʱȻ٣˦ˡ
Щ׷ʱ򣬿ſһ˵ãȻһ
أ
֪ˣ
˼
Ǽ˲ԶѽŲŵСĿǡ
һͱְʵ̫ˣֱǰʱͻȻŵɽһΡ
Īһλ²֪ûУܾҲ֣ƺ״еļУһһֱǾģôܻʱ
ҡǸ˻ȲôͿʼӴˣ뵽
Ҳ˵Ǹŵˣ޿ֵԭ˵Ļаٷ֮ʮģֻôٷ֮ʮǼٵġ
ҵĴլӣҲǵһˣϴʱ򣬽ӻڱը״̬һѾڽĹˣԻûá
԰ת˼Ȧ˽µȻĵǱ˽ȥ
ŵõСĲһƬڣ˾ġ
ƺڷĳ㣬һ˵ĺƳƽ
סĵȴһһƿ
˹ȥ
˲䣬Ƿݼžͱˣ¶˽ײ
˺һһӱˡ
ڵĻ˱˴˶ںڰֳŶԷ֣ûҲû
û뵽ҹȻСﰡ˻ᣬڰ֮УЦ˵

ҲЦһ£ѹɤӣһֹŹֵҲû뵽˵زĽӾȻֻôݡ
ѽ㷢ˡڰУĽƺʮֵľȣ¶ĳ˵⻰ʱǷı飬Ǿû취ˣ治˼ֻܰˡ
ЦʵͳҴ˿ĪĲ
Լ˵һ䣬ӹȻ
ǡԭϽֹڶ
潭ЦȻͿɤЦˡ

ʮӺ󣬻ºͽţ˭ҲûеƣҲţôڵġ
в𣿡վ˺Ͳ豭Һһڡ
ģͺȰɡڻµĶ档
һᣬ»һྴӵȥֻأȻµֱһ㡣
˵˲Źġ͸㣬ĵ㽡ĺ𣿡
ˡȻڵǻ¶Բ˵ʱı飬Ҫܵˣƾͻزˡ
ô˵⻰лͶһ䡣
ҲưʲôҲûУͻȻҪ֣Ҽ״ԣ͸ϽƲˡ
ӻȷϱûйˣ³Ĭһ֪λĹְ𣿡
㣿ȵĵɡǲҪٶְɣ
˼ƣϱӽƺǸˡΡˣƺһֱ˳˳ˮдµҲܹ¥ֱӽӴְλ
ڣ´λãͬʱҲڵְλΪ½϶ҪӴһݿ϶һģλһЩĲҲУѲ˵ڱ·
ʢҲ֪£˳ɾ֮ǰɽǸ˸ġ
ֲ²⻪²˵ڣġܵˡ
ĬһᣬͰ͵ĵʮͤ
ʮͤǲһ£㲻Ǹ¥𣿡
ȥʮͤЩ飬Ծˡûж˵ֻ˼˹ȥ
ȻЩ֣ûжע
˭ûῪ£ҲûΪǱ˴˵߹ƶˣ˾ôĬޱȵںڰ֮гһ㡣
ˣˣԼأûµĻͿ㡮áɡվ
Ҫߣ͵٩һ䣬ͷְˣԱæ
˵һ仰󣬾ͻȻ˵š
ιŭĵôأ
㰡ĬĬ̾˿ڻɽԼû潭Ǽ£ڽû취ôˡ
Щһ仰Ҳܸ˵ֻ־뿪ˡ

¿ûκβͬӣŵĳطһ˺־ȵĵȷ𣿡
ǣǵġ
Ǹ˳ĬһᣬĬͷ϶ð亹ãͻȻЦ˼
ȫ˷ֲǷ˻ûһ𣿡

еĻ

»ĵڶ, һСɨһ, Ȼٲõ˶ȹһ, ƺƢҪȥɽǰ˺ܶ࣬»ָǰӡ
͵͵ĸпڿͱǰʱҪö, ǳȥתһתóһ㣬Ժ, ֻЦЦû˵
һжѾָ
»ָ, ֶھӴ迪, , ˣȻ˵ྐྵӵٶҲӿ˲١

ϣȴһ͵͵˳ȥ, һǰûĵط
ﴧһӣվڵ͵ˣְѲӸȥ
Ǹһѽס˲ӣȻϷʵ˵˵ķ˵Դӻ֮Ƣͺ˺ܶӣһ㶼ˡ
˵仰û
˴Ӻ, ͻȻԣ͵Ҫ˺ȴպֱ㶵ײһ˵Ļ
Ǹǯס壬ȻԼһ΢΢ĸоһɴʹ
ȻǸ˾ĶߣЦȥͺһ᲻һ
ȥǵӣ˵ѾùȥˣϣĳŵҲǵն֡
Ǹ˸оԼĲʲôҺ֪ԼһѪˣʱ˿̣Ҳûа취ע
߶µĵǵӣ㣬˵һ㣬Ҳӡ
ڰ֮Уµı飬ȴ֪˵仰Ժ󣬻Цһ¡
͸óЩ汾µͳᣬȴִĪĺ⣬ſȻһѽ˳ȥ
ǰ˼ˤڵϣЩߺ޺Ϳ־ĵͷ㣬עһ½ʢǱߵϢ
עʲôü
Ǳߵ˲ҪҪûⲻ֪ûø޼ɵ޴
ǸЦЦͻȻʻ£ˣʢǵŵġˡ㲻²ְɣ
˵仰Ǳ߳Ĭ˼롣
һᣬںڰе˵ѡ˻棬ѾµЦĴˣô²أ
µֵøĴۡ
˵ʱķһ׺ݣɱȴĪ˵˸ܵޱߵĿ־塣
Ϊ˵һԵˡ
˷ֲ嵽Ƿģǵģ˽϶ΪһʱȴͻȻչֳһֲͬԸ񣬵Ǹ˵ħһĻˡ
һ£ִӻͳһ飬Ȼ˦˻£ǸؼȻͺԥ֮ززˡ
½ӹеؼйĵط֣Ȼ󰵰ü
ӿȷĻʹӦø¥Ҳеϵˡֶɲһŵܹõĵġ
ɽɣţ¥˶ڽ漰ˣ˵һǻȻҲһ¡
ôһ룬״ϱҲԩ
һ¾Լ򲻹ѡǵֱµһ㿴ôҪ鱨Ҳ־
´ӹս˳ϵıȻıƽһֱתΪᡣ
ȵ¹ʱ˺ȻΧ¹һģȴɢһƽĹ⡣

ŵ˶֣Դӻɽ֮ƢñԭҪöˡ
ƺڡͨһǰһҲñ֮ǰ󷽡˲١
вٸ֮ǰϵе˶һ
͵͵Ȼ˵ڡͨˣԼ˿ӡ
ЩʹĻĻµļ򣬸˵ɵ㣬žӣһƸģúðǰ;һƬˡ
ƺÿ˶ΪоյĶȹһεΣ
ʵﲻʲôرǿĴڸУ·ԵǲģҪ˶֪ûƢԶԸԵ
Щ˸˵ʲôҲͨͨЦӦ죬ʵЩ˼ˣҽ͵͵
̬ȣЩ˵Ļϲˡ
ֻһˣµĹϵһֱر
ιԶĶŻºմ£ҹһ¡
ԭڸһͬ˵ŤͷߣǰǸæһסȱߣ㡭ͷúģ
˵⻰ʱЩΣΪҲ֪֮ǰʱǽ˿ʹ٣ڻһˣв˶ڵſ֣ǰ΢еĵͬˡ
ԣƤЦⲻЦ˹úģˣһԲŤͷߡ
˿
ԱߵǸͬ·ǳĿˣһῴ£һῴҲע⵽ͬµĿӣֻѹ»ƽĵû£㣬㲻õģմ£Ҹȥһˡ
ǸͬЩţղŻ¸Եʱͻţڻ´Ӧ֪ΪʲôţСһ㰡ʵڲС͸Ͻˡ
ⲻͣİʾŻ£¿̿ãлл㣬֪ˡ
ת뿪ԽԽϵЦҲʧһᡣԱһ䴫ݼ
˴˱˴ˡ
ոտŻȥǸŮͬʮֵĵĿŻµıӰȥ᲻°ˣЩʼˡ
˶ˣͱˡԱߵ˵
֪ŮͬЩĵǻ¿ӱȽᣬҲᳳܵӣӣ᲻ʲôְ

ˡ
ƿţŻ˽ȥһĿߣֱĿͶһʱϵľȲƲסˡ
⣬ʦ
á˵¿ȻʮͤˣΪȽŲ㣬Ҳ߶ӡ
ʦҪ㡣һߣѻ˹ɣʲô
¸Īʦ۵Сۣۻ£ڻ¥ϣס˻ˣ㣿
˵֮󣬻³Ĭ˼룬͵Ťͷ˽
ʲô۾һɣ˭㿴ģתȥ
µˡ
磬Ȼ˵ȥİɣ޶й¶ŻҪնİ
Ҳȫеİؽ棬иҪܰ쵽
ʲʲô󣿡
Ż£ƺƶһ
档


޵л

˵仰, Щµϡ
תͷ˿ͽĹϵԣҪʶԷ⵽ôˡ
֮СϸϽʵ, ֪˵Ĺϵʲôʱ˽һ仯ġ
桭ԥһ£ĿǰŵļҪɻȥЩѵ, ҪĻ, ͵͵ҸȥҲǲС
ʲô£
Ƚ˳ۡ
ţһ, û㶮Ǹʲôش
һϲ˳۵˵
, ʲôͱһק˹ȥʹӦɡ
, һֹ
æڻµĶС˵ǰ֪ͨҪ֡
»ȻΪν֮ǰյϢȻʮͤȷĵ̡
ֻմ⣬絹Ͻ˵Ըġ
˼һԣѡʱ䡣
û⡣
Ҳû̫ʱ䣬ߵʱ˻һСƿ, ˵Ǹ
´ƿӻ˻, ζ̼Ĵһ硣ڵļķû¸һȥ˵ô£
ġ, ֮ǰҸһط, ȻĴͱöͦ˧ҲͦģǾҰæ
ϱӺͽϤ𣿻ɻ롣
Ҫʲô¾ǸСʡ
Ķϳʲô, һֺɫķĩ²ȷݣװɷӵġ
˵ĿǰΪֹѵķӡÿûһʱȻûз裬Իһǳĺ棬뿴ʲôʱŻ衣

񾭲쳤̾һ䡣
ͦ񾭲ġϿ˻µ˵ǸƢҲֵĺܣ㲻Ҫʲôˡ
˵ֵͦģ״ϱӶ˵ӡ󲢲࣬Ƿ˷֮ǰҩĻ档
ϡǵԼڸռʱȷʵɻһģΪ״еļˣйʮģĻ档
ָоڼ˷֮²Żеļ䣬ֵǣ;ֵĳƬֻ
ͺһܹǻĵһ
ˣȲ˵ˡСӣ˻֣Ϣʧ˷
һֱĳŶƺԶͣ£¸ո뿪ԶٶȾͻҲǲ֪˼ʲô
ǰȥʱͻȻ˵һֱˣ֪𣿡
֪νĵһֱ˵ġ
Щ˸֮ǰĲһĵһҪ顣
飿仰Цˣǻܶʲô飿
ҩ˵һ֡
ҩ
Щˣǰôʶһҩͷ˵Ҳֶʲôģֻ㣬ûʲôĻͿӰɡ
ʱĻĿɿڴ
ʱֻӦһԷģһڻ֮ĹϵͦεģȻҪ˿͸Ҫ̽̽ʵ
ôҲû뵽˼滹ûļ仰أȻ˵ǲǾСĵ㡣
׻˵ȰԱû̫࣬ɴİԼŪˣȻָɴ˼١
ҲŪ˵ʲôݣΪ˺ԷӶúܶӡ
üȿɵĽץסһһ

¸һʱ䣬Ϊʱ䣬㴮һܵİ࣬ҵһܹȥļ϶
һʱ䣬Ǹ½Ŀʼϵƺ½ȥġͶ״ȽϷ⣬ĳŵһ˻һĻᡣ
˵ôô֡һ߸ɻһ죬ԭ̫ϡҪ浹һ飬;ϡˡ
£˳溰һ㡣
á̧ͷǸЦһ£Ǹ˱ôһЦƺҲһ£̶ŻҲ¶һЦݡ
ЦǳиȾȻǸһôԸ˵ΪƢƺǰҪˣԺȻвϤ˶˵ϻˡ
һƺڲ֪зģºɻǸ˶֪ġʵˡƢһĺãԴޱȵϡ
磡㰡´ҲǹȥһҪæˡԱиµǰԱ˹ȥŻЦ
ƺûʲôƢЦЦԱбĲ쿴ˣŻµͷҲ΢еƢԸ̫õĻû취ܵסǵġ
û¡ЦЦ֪˵棬ġ
Ļشʵ̫ºˣԱҲûа취ٽŸЦһ˳ţſǸˡ
˱Ϸǳĵݸ˻һݱ棬ȻСĸ˵˿ڸʲô㱨һֻл֪˵ǡݵĻͦ𡱡
ôˣɴЦ˵
Ϊϲ𣿡ǸСĴＷ仰
ʣͷ㣬Ǳôˣڸ
Цţ΢΢ͷϸǰ˵˵ӣȴСĵƺװء
ȻǸЦһͲ³ˣǲ֪һﵽô֪Ϣġ
Ҿÿڲ˼ͽ˵ӦúúõġϴһˣȻ²ȥֵĻҲҡ
˵⻰ʱ򣬻µģڻһԲϾϴ˰һŸոպǸ˵ʱЦ
ǸĪĴһ£ͷۻ£ȴЦڸԱ߹ȥĹ˸к
ǸĪ̬п
ǶǴķӣȴǸƤҰޡ
ʵʱҲ룬ǷˣǷˡ˵תͷվԱߵˣһ˿˵
ֻ˿һۣͻΪԼһůǿİ֮С
ףͬһˣԱ˴֮䲻Ҫʲôڣ𣿡

˱⻰Ūûһ롣
仰̫࣬һ֮еķӶԣʵֱĵһ仰
һ飬Ȼıɱ֮ĻĲͱ֡ᡱƫˡ
¡Ǹ˻һ֮ǰûзʱ򣬴ûб˷ֹһ˵˵ˡ
ڣ˵ŻʱȴȻԼѾĸоһԼʲôԷ֪ĸо

ⲻ

ͷ, ˡſڵ˶ԻЦŵأȥɡ
´һŵ·, ͷϴŶңǰ˵˵ͷ, Ȼ˽ȥ
ﱻѬ˵㣬߱Ƚϰ, һﾲĵŻ£֮, ЦŶ˵Ⱥ²衣
Ķ, ΢΢ĵͷ, ȻǰĲ衣

ȻɽЩ˶Իµ̬Ȳôصźλ˶Դ»ǿԵ, żй˶Ʒ
˵ְȥ˸ˡǸ˵ЩεӣѾʱ˵ĵˡ
Ѿ֪ҴˣӦ֪Һǡ·²豭ĵ, һ, ҿܾͻֱɱǡ
·ºݻ֮󣬶ǸûȻЦ
ʱ¾;˷ǳ, ¸㲻Ի·, ˸ôԻ˵, ˣ˾Ȼһĵӡ
϶mˡ
ǸЦԺ󣬻ǶԻ˵һ, ֻǲŶ״ȶҪʱ̹۲ûгʲô⡣
˳û±ŵĽӴʱ۲Ķ
ܵ˵ͨ¶˵ļι۲УóһǿȴĳʱԻ·ֺ˼ˡ
ӦǲϣԼòƭĻ°ĿƵģڻ´ɹȥЩȴ޷ӦһȤ顣
ֱһСһ
ֻߡһֻֽ
µͷȲ裬ȨĬ˵ǸЦЦȻһ˳
ʱ䣬ϤһЩ飬ʲôʲô鲻
̧ͷһۣװǳĵǰʱĻǲһ롣
ʶ𣿡ǸЦŶԻ˵ԣµǸˡ
ҴһЩǸ˹ĶԻ˵
¸ߵʱҲ΢΢һ£ȷ㲻Ǹһ
ǰһʸĲͷʢҲ֣껪¸սŵʱһξλǰĹء
תתһλּˣȴȻͬһڻǰܳһǰֻǸ´·Ķѡ
´Ǹ˵ĿҲǰжôأΪʵ̫ࡣ
˴Żһ鷿ǰŴ򿪣ȻԻ˵
ؿһۣȻݹš
鷿Ǹָϣؼһţһܼܣ⿴֣ܿϰͷ
ʵ˵ڸ˵Ҫ࿴ʱ򣬻»ǳһģΪӦֻΪһ֣û˵˭ҵĴֻҪġ
ǸЦŶԻµ֪ܴкܶڼΪĴ˿ܻ㡭˵ʲôؼֻҪһ۾ѧˣ츳飬ǿϧˡ
¿ѵܣִһȻһۣ˲עͱ˹ȥ
дǰԽϵһЩСһЩ֣³У֪ľͰˡ
°п
鷿鱨еĶһܹõģ˵ЩϢǿԼռġ
Щʵڻ˵ԽԽľĶΪԽ¾ͻԽԼ˺εȵĹʺˡȫĸֳ䲻Լδ֪ߵһȻͱһİڷˡ
ˣҲѾϢ
Ǹ˲ҪһͷԼ򵥵Ĵ֣Ҫһܹոƣܹĸ߼֡
ܼס٣Ǹ˶Ըո½鷿Ǹͷ˵
²֪ͷͷ߰˷Ӧеġ
߰˷֡ǿɲС૵ֻ߰˷֣ǻҶ㾡ȫ
´Ա߸Լ˱裬Ȼļһ
׼һڲʱͻȻԼĪĶϢһָָܵĳ䡣
һĬУ
ûгִŵָ
¾˹ȥǸһᣬ󷭳˲۵顣
鼹ƺм֣Ҳûģֻֽӷ˼ҳȴͻȻס
ǡ¾ȵİ鷭˻ȥ


ûпĻⶫȻǽļ¼
ȷˣǼһǻȴûҲһûĪĳ
ˣǸӣƺǸƿ֮µķӡ
Լʱ˿̲ôӦûǽˣ⼸Ӧò
ǳΨһԭǣǱˡ鱨
Ҳ˵ˣʱ˿ҲѾһɻ¡ĺáġ鱨ˡ
¶鱨ģ鱨Ȼתۼ͵˻µ
ָо˹ֵֹġ
±Ų豭ʱȻ룬ϱӽ֪һ
ǲôһʱ䣬ҲһЩ鱨

ˣԺʲôϵСһ㱵ıŽһлŻɽİһҹ֮䣬Īĳŵˡ
Ǹأʡ
ǶȥˣǼĻеǻᡣЦ˼Ȼͳš
һڴ㶵˰죬ͻȻ겻š
ö˶һͻȻͱôҪ񣬻¸ֿǰôĿǰСѹɽ
ȻѾǾ;һϢɡͳһֽ͵͵д֧ңһ˺ûţú£
죬յϢϢһĲмתͷʣȥǲЩ̫ˣ
ҲС˵һ㶼ף϶ҵģĿǰ֮⣬źҲûʲôܸϴӴ˰
ҼǵúһˡԱ·һָ׵ŮͻȻʲôǰʱģסĵطԶ
Ǿͬ˵

鷿һҹĻ»ؼҵ·ϱһֻСˣСϵֽǰһλԲ˵ߣȥܿˡ
˭ͦõҪҿƤˡ´ӱһҷǵÿ˭Ҿһ١
ո׼ذٲãװڹ˯ʱ򣬽ֶİɨأ»ʱЦһ簡
硣¸׼ŽȥȻ˰ϵŵĺ
ʶĺһ
̧ͷ˳߿ԼʶڿʲôԺҲһ
棬˴ˡ˺ܾá
̧ͷԻµ濴ԭ㰡зݶ˼ӹȥɡ

û

ãȻŰ˰ٲ, һмţһи㡣
ⶫȷǻӸġһ, ãȻھȻô𣿿˾׼߷ĵز
Īǰʱ仨ǣ־˵Ч
ۻ˴ĲҪڴ
ۻص˸, Īепû뵽ȥŨü۵ļһ, ȻҲǻġ
Ȼϴλ±, ͻȻ;Լ, ֲûᱻץ, ԭΪ
Իµ״֯ӦþǸСආʱǸ˰Ѷ, ֱӸתϳ첲Ϻ, û뵽Ȼǻ¡
˲òࡣ
˸һ, пţ𽥱ԽԽ󡭡
ôһڶ浹Ҳͦõġ¸п, ҪһΣҶ֪һˡ
δҲ̫ɵһЩ, 뻨ܲôɵ, Ȼǻ涼ûϳ
˵⺢ȱһңȫӦ
ǵúúչһ¡롣
ȻɵӿԼԼӡ
ڶ, ۳ȥ˵ʱ˳˻ظ˳֬ӣ˺֬ȻװĶԵС, Ѿ͹ȥˣյˡ
СҲһ߲Ź̨һ߻ͷ԰۵͵˾ͺáûи˵ʲô
ûа뿴Щ㶵Ļ£Ǹ֣鲻ҰѶʱڷ㶣ü飬Ѷӹȥȵȣôˣû°ɣ
Сסҡҡ׹壬Ĭ˼룬԰۵û£͵ͺã͵ͺá
ȵһ뿪ԺͲԼϵĺȻʪһ
ˡʵ󰡡
ΪʲôûжأСȻֵ
ѵ˾;ɵС˼

½˽񣬽ڡĿҪ¥Ǳߵ飬⴦һЩйص飬дЩҲȷס
ֻ˻Ժ󣬻ǿôġӦ֡żҲһЩСĲ
ͷȻȻȥɣǶܽ
һ˶Իô˵
СεЦЦұͶﲻ̫˽⣬ôһ˻ȥǰЩŪ˵ɡ
һ˵һԸȷ˲ӣҲǶܿĹ˽˺üýԸ񴦲ġ
¹ΣֲôǿƵӣǳõ˵ġ
ˣҲв˽͵͵ŻƢ۸мϵҪõˣÿο鶼ǳĿߡÿȴֻЦһЦûзϡ
Ҹ˵һҪǿһ㣬ܱ۸ˡڻתƵһ˶Ի˵
µͷҪİݣԱߵһ͵͵Ŀ£ȵתͷʱһЦ˳
Цʲôֵʡ
Ҿáͷ㿴ºͺ͵ģʵǲһͷǸתͷȥЦ˵û뵽ͷ֮󣬹εľȻ㡣
ιιҲԺİε˵Խ˵ԱߵЦľԽ
Ƕ֮ǰ¹¹֪ڡĿлһݼְһͬ¶ȤҪҪǰװһ¿
ûǸҪ˵Ǹ˵˵ʱȥɣ
ңȻᰡ˵˵ͷ
½ҪװӳȥתһȦŵļ¡ΪѾþöûгڴҰˣҲй¡
仰֮˵ͷҲûж˵ʲôǸ˵ĿֽˣҲݼˣתۼһ˻˰
ΪʲôҪôĿˣ²ʡ
˭֪ķֱò˰ɡǸĻµļ򣬹ЦúøɣĿмأͦǽʲôһġ
˸߲ҵĻЦҡҡͷ

ҹԼõĵص㣬ŵİţʼһЩ׼õѡ
㿴ǶǱء·մһ룬ͺȻ˴ļתͷһĳ߽߱ǽǿԼֵ´еļ
ǽ˷ܵӣ֪һϳʱ᲻ᱻŵǸڻ¶С˵
¿ǣȻʣʱǲҲһһС浥ѵˣ
԰
ǵ˭
ǴδǵǸǸ˿Żʣôˣ
ûôҡҡͷ
е㺦¡ߵļ˻ɪɪֽŵ̬֮УǻһȺɶҲС˼类ȥѵ˻ȻֱһЩ飬ϣѾ˴ЩκġС˼
Ȼαװģ
һ˷ܵĲУڻ֪λ硱˭ֻܳܵҿ
µ֪ĿмˣûǾȻô򵥴ֱıԼֵˣȺҲֱӵĲС
黪Ǽ죬·ϵʱһ˺Ȼ߹Ļµļ£οҪ鷳һЩҪӡҪŻķݡ
šķ⡭֮ǰе㲻һɡ²ʡ
ԡǸ˵˵ͷЩεЦЦ֪еƵ˼Ͼ͹ѵˣλҪӴѶȡûа취磬ϴμʶӵ̫ˣѹͺױ˻ɵġ
ϻ㵭ﻹеãȻģΪǸ籾ģԻ³ڽǰֳġ硱ȽϾи˷⣬ʱôɣôɡ
һᣬȺͻȻŻķһݣʵе¡
ȿɣǰһ¡Ǹ˵Ժ󣬾һͷ۵뿪
Ҳ֡źȻЦһ¡
ĿͶȺһ۵ĵطվһЩ͵ˡ
˵¸أΧв˶Դ˶һһ˻Ӧ۾ȴһֱŻµķ
ϣҵˡ뵽
ǰˡ
ûʲô˳˹¿ŵµ⼸ˡ
ǱϿûκεʵǼ¥ɱ֣⸱ģҲֻαװƽƽ档
ΧػأҲû˿Ǽֵ߽ʱȴײ΢΢ͣһ£¶һ˿΢Ц
¥ɱ֣¸п
ȻôʶϵЩǡȺݡˡ
ץˣΪ˷ֹȺܵΣԵȻҪʹȺˣаЩ´ڻˣҲС׺ȫ·ЩɫҴҵǡ
°Ÿ籾ѾֱɱȥȻͿʼһѪѹˣûĻ
µߺȻ¶һ˿΢Ц
ӦþͲôˡ

ɣġ֮кȻһЦ˵СϷ˼𣿡
ȷʵûʲô˼Զһ˵
ŵһװ·˼׵˹ڽŵĿš
硱ȴҲˣ뿴ʱȴȻһұΪǻȤһء
ƺڶߣһתͷȴȻһ˴Ц⣬վ
ᵽ壬ȴЦĿ

ݻܸĻ

Ǽ¥˿ոճֵʱ, Լͬһ¡
µͷ˿ԱߵĵͷЦЦ
ϻߣ֪ͳġ
ϻͻ֮䷢ֻм֪, ֮ǰһֱûⷢӵģǿ磬ԻҪֵһ, ȻҪѧ档
¼ɷӳֳϵ, 䲻ڻʱ̬ȻЩ档
Ϊָоʵ̫ϤˣԻºܿͽ˷Χ
תͷԱЩ˵ŵС, ЦŵЦһЦôŰ
ǸСǰ컪µ֮һ
ûϳߵĻ£˵ǻعˣҲ˻ڰҪ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ, š
ŸŵӸϵĹǻһ, վǰԼе㵭Υ͸С
ڱ˵, һ׼ֱе̫ˡ
ι, ι´ǸҲվȺ֮Уһֱڿ֡
ʼ뿴Ǹ﷢ֻ¾ǡ硱ʱģ, ȴ˸ע㡣
СƽʱҲôḡ˰, ôÿһʱǱһһ
ÿڶŻ¿˶ָо, ݵĻʵ̫ˣǵмֱ˵ϡ
еĲʶµҲֻ򵥵пһݵ񣬶ʶµҪӵľ̾ˡ
Ǿ̾ڻ¾Ȼһûһƶȵ˵ֵزǵ, ȻǻŬĽ
ȻˣϾ׵Ļ
˵˵ӵ𣿡Сʵ
֪ûۼǸʵ΢ŭһ£תȴֺȻһ£Ҿ¥վģӴϿǸ˵Ǹͷ࡭
̧ͷһ۶Ǽ¥ɱֲ֣ͷԱߣǸͱȽϴǰվڽڰĶ
תͷʲôûзһĶŵɱǵȻǷˣǾû취ˡɡ

Ծ仰ͲԾ̫ǻ棬ĳʵĲ졣˵֮ʵ;ûŤǿҵΥ͸С
ܾùֵֹģǴ˼·һΧϸҲʵ̫Υˡ
ǻڲӦվţһϣб
ǻôΧЩӦöվߣԱ߻һǳƯĹ︺𵹾ƣΧӦѻȸġ
ΧȫһȺûκݼ·˼ףȫŲӿ֣Աûһȥġ
·ǱŤĸое㺦£һԼͱļ¥ɱָˡ
ԱߵСһֱߵЦݲ֪﴿۾
벻ɲɣԼݼ̫ôͷ˰ɣ
㶵ĶŻ£۾ĸһûпʲôԾĵطһ˲ֻ룬˺Ư
Ϊ˻һıȽͨأû뵽ĵһ룬һ¡
ʵҲûʲôӣһʱῴĿ˰죬ﶼûʲôΥ͵ĵط
ŵǰΪɣ롣
ʱȻ˿ĳȻһֻǼ򵥵һġ
һ̣ĺȻͼͺǱĳݶϵһ
һǿҵĵзľӡ
ｩ
ĶǰǼ¥ɱ֣һǺȻ˵ðƻǻ˵˲ǱȻػȥӡ
˵Ҳ֣ʱȫŵľ籾ǻ˻棬ܾݲãԼͻܵصĴΪʼΪ粻ȴʵʵԼŪһݰɡ
ļɱֿ˻ºܾãܾáõ¶亹ʱһ¥ɱֲŽʣߵԼϢ֪ͨûַ£Ϊʲôǻأ񲻷Ϲء
ţ⼸˾Ȼûϳһ˲ԼȻֻ˹ǾȻл棬ûԱݵ£
ԱߵĹסԼӵֻһ㣬ֽܿ
˵⼸˼ȻѾ˻֣ôܲΪݲû¶ˣȴĪĵҲ⡣
ȺôϳأΧªĻһҲĵȺݣ΢һһвУ
û˽⵽ޱȵģԱŵ˶ڽŵĶŻºɱǡǵУ¼ֱﱤˣȥݻֽȻݵ֮񣬶ûһ˿ɡ
˵ôأɱֽ˵ţŽûи´ɱˡΪ˵Ҳ֣ǿɱ˶ڻ˵ӦǺܼѵһ£Ҳ¶ڣǸ߻µǾɱˡ
ʵ½ǲóֵģЩ˵ȥ
µĵôϾҽߵλ˲ϲɱɱһ顭ǵҲ̫ġ
˵껰֮󣬶ļ¥ɱȴһ˿ĵӶûС
ϸĿ亹ˡ
ͷԱиŵ˵ʲôʲô
ͷȵȣ˵ջԱߵһ¼˼һ֣Ȼ͵̧ͷȫ𾪡
Ǽɱǻཻһ£һ߳Żµ˵¥鱨һǲ˵ģȻ컨ǰˡһ£ݶ˵Ҫ𣿡
ǵġ
ǼȻˣ鱨˾°ɡǸɱֵֻϣ顣
ڴѹ¥Աŵ仰󣬶ͻȻǰһ
µһĵİѶ˹˵֪ˡ
鱨ҵƵĿʼ¥ⶫ˭˭׬Ǯôһ˵ء
ַŵļݶȻۼİǸ׼õһݶ˸ֿ¥ɱֳȥ
ǷݶĵƵ档
ͷȵȺԶ֮ŵǳ˹˷ܵĶŻ˵
˲ӸոǸصĻ棬ǸЩСͷЩ˼ͷЦŵ𡭡ʵݵĲ̫ء
Уر㿴ԱߵСﶼ㾪˺𣡡
û뵽ǼɱʶûʣͰѶ˰
һƬ֮УµϢĺȺһ͵ϲͷϡ
ǸͷŻ²ײʹ˸ɫ
¶ЦЦȻµļΧš



, Ҷȥɡŵ˿ʼչؼң°ϵժ£һԴ磬ԱȺ½Сڶܵ˾, һֱֱվ
˵Ŷ, ˵Ҫ̵İ߾ǰһһ, ⼸С˼˵, ޱȵ, ŵɪɪ
⿴ƣΪȺǰжôЩأŵɪɪӡ
СС, ղŽĿ, ʲôоԱߵʸղ뻪Ǹ
ǹӸղſʼ˾һֱЩԱ, ΪֻǾ, Ҫһ, ˭Ҳûд
˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ͷԺлڲϵĸָոջ¿ʱǸ䵽˵, 飬ĪǱס˺һĸо
Ա˺, ŵһ£
㣬ôˣ̫ԾǲǷˣԱߵһﵣĵĶͷ
û, ûУҡЩ״ΣĪ˵һ»µ, ¸һ㶼ôܹƾϷݳ飬ʱǸħһǸ˾͸һ綾һĸо
ôˣԱߺȻһ⼸Сȫŵһ㶣תͷȥʱ򣬾ͿոժߵĻڿǡ
ϻױȻժߣҲǲ̫һ
ӳǼȫߴߴΧ˹ȥֻǸСｩӲվԭûж
ԱȺڿĵ˵Ż嶼ڿƲסķǸ˾Ȼˣᡭİɡ
ͷڿ˧ôûô˧
ӳܲܽ̽书϶ر
úúáµǣǵúúõѧ
С۾ҪǸûߣһûж۾ȻѾվǰ
ŵáһﺰţҪҪ
һ˲䣬޳ԽҪʲôԽʲôʲôʱߵģ
ôˣû°ɣ˵岻Ծ͸Ͻʱǰ˺Ȼ˵ǸղǸһģЩλЩݵġ
㱼̧ͷ
ÿűֵЩƤһЩεĿȻﻹ˵̧ͷҿǾͿȥҴ򡣡
㱼䣬žǰֱϤǸˣȻϴŵǻѣҲױ
һᣬ֪оͰͷ̧
ɫȷʵôáϸϸĹ۲һ۲ۣҪҪұ㣿
á˺һеŤ˵
ƺһ£εĵҽб㣬ҪǲĻɲҪӲš˵꣬ͽһλŵĲ
ôԱߵļŵּʵ˺һᣬǸͻȻŤŤ˵ҺֲˣͲȥҽˡ

˸ûȻءȺУϸ˵㿴¡ûиǰһˣ
УӵķǺڲ¶ģֻôصôģԱߵһƵʡ
ôˣ
һӣʹӦҲῴô㶮ʲô˼Ǹ˵ֻҪ룬ʱضԿ
ˡ͸
ȻЩͷ֮£˲³˼ģˡ˵˭֪ʲô
ǲ𣿿͸ͶˣϾǴѡˡǸȻĵ
ԼûвĽ
Ļһ˳ĬһᣬãŵǰǴѡˡ

ȰǸָŵͬ´кһ뿪ˡ
߳ӣոת˸սǣͿϵЦƽİеŽ
ˣˡǸ˵żպãŻµȥ
֪ˡ
ǸϵĲͷŻ΢΢һͷȻ뿪
°ĻŸոԼõֵĶ֪ϱΪʲôᱻƿѲȥˣԭΪ
аԵ˶ʮ꣬Ե˵ʵֻΪţҲǻ¸ոսλ˵ļ⡣
ǵû°ݹţʱ¾֪¥һЩ˽йܶӴеһЩӴǱŵģЩӴ¶ˡ
ͷЩ˲ףһ˲Сй¶ż䵽Ǹ˵ʵ»ɣϢ¥ڲ˸Ǹ˵ģǽԼʲô⡣
ⲻܹκˣԼµʱ֪Լڵ衣Ǹͨĳ̶ûԼľһ˵һ״ǿ㣬Ͼ״֪޾ôԤ֪ʲôء
ûв´Ļһξý׽ٲԨĵһ
ŵж˳ҲȫǸ˿֮£½ŵһȱαõţĽдµżѾǸ˵
Ѱ졭ȻǸָҪⶫˣǾ˵Ѿǰ֪ʲô¾ǻżҲֻɣԲôôһ˰ѱڱϡ
ΨһֵҵǣĿǰǸ˵ļֵûϱôˣԻ¿ԴĶĿ
»ţ͵͵ȥ˽
ûŽȥ洫һӵŷ򣬽ɫ࣬ؿڲϵ
ýôǱʱ򲻶࣬ƿ˽ȥȻһֻӣѾ֪Ϣ
µĿһ۽ŵˣǻºɫűɳһ㡣ֹȴʲôҲû˵ֻʣôˣ
ҳ͹㡣װãȻӵǸϴβҪʱѾǱˡ
ŶĵӦ¿ӣСʣôˣ
꣬Ȼһץס֣ûЩ⧲
Ȼϸһʱȴܵ˼𺳡
ڷ
֪£ĬһᣬԽ¡ʲô飬Ұһ취
ҡºҺ񡭡˼
£¡ֻظԵİοţǻҵġ

һֱͣ²˳
˿վѾԼõĵصȴš
һᣬи˹Ż˵
Ĭĸš
һǰһ󣬱˴˶ĬţãǸ˲Ц˵һ仰ž
رɳƣЦһر
˵͹ȥĶ˿˺ܸء



˱ʲô˵, ƫƫôһ䣬µЩ΢Ĳ
ϻװһЩĵӵ𡭡
⼸鶼Щõ, һֱùȥǸ, űԺһ㡣ǸԴ˵
һֱ˵Ĺ졣
һֱʱ, Լʶ, Ǹ̫࡭
дһλˡǸ̫ĵ
ʲôˣʡ
һλĿˡ

ǰȥһլԺլԺûнլԺ, ŽȥܸоĲ֮ͬ, һЩϸǽլôҲȲϵġ
һڣӰԴ̤һ˲, µļͿƲסĽ, ʲôҲûзһ, ǰǸ̫š
Ҿ㻹ЩǷˡ˻ûӵʱ, Լ, ЩʱҪô
ʲô뵽, ûмȥ, ˽ȥ, ˽ȥ
װ޵ĻǡءΨһر֮ر, Χȫǵ˸ߵ̨һ߸վ۾εĶеۡ
վм䣬Īе㱡
¡ǱߵԺֹͣ˽̸, ¿֮ǰһˣһ, Ǹ˶Դ˿ûԼ鲻õ£ЦŵǸǺö֪ʲô
֪µĵ
ǾøǸ˲ĶԱߵЦŵ
䣬Ա߳һ˹һ̣ͷǼż½ӹһѾһĶϸϸ濴һ飬Ц⵹Ǹö
ԣҲǸˣȻˣһЩ顣ǸЦŵ̧ͷһǰĻ£ҡҡͷϧ
ʲôϧģľý˼ǾͰҲŪˡһ˶ѣ˵ʲôѰ𣿡Ǹĵ˵
ôҲסǸ֮Цŵ
΢΢Щ
ֻϧʱֻһǸҡҡͷֿۻ£ЦЦĵôˡ˻᲻Ǻܿİ
ҵǸˣ΢΢̽ͷһۻ£ֵҲô𡭡Ҳû˵֣Ѿ˵½ôõһӲܣܹȥôһС䣬𣿡
Ǹ⻰Цı󣬻˹ȻȻ˵
ҲûͿ֬Ĩۣƽʱӣһ˿Ц⣬ǰİοǸŵĹһ
ӵߵһ࣬ĽŲһֶصĽ࣬ͷ·ڵɢһ
˵֣һȥᣬҲƽˣǵ߹ʱ˵ĿʶĶ˹ȥ˶ڵһҪʲô
ȻȵվǰʱһǱʵصӵжϳء
ϰ벿ֻĻ䣬˵ϣ˾޴˲䷢һɧҵ
˶ŻͳԼ
˲һˣԼˡ
¿ϰԼҪǮĻ䣬䵽˵ϣصһһҽÿ˵¿棬¶һ
Բԭ˵üëʮֵĴ֣۾ܴ󣬶ϵһЩ·û˳Ӧһ置ˡ
㣬ҪʲôǸ˿Ż£΢΢ЩֵĵȻû뵽»ô岻ԾĿ˺ǽϣ棬Ǵ󵨣£
䣬ΧȻΧһȺˣΧס
¿ΧЩˣֿǸˣǸ˻ߵû˿ĶΪһ˵û˵Χ˱ǲһġ
ΧѹֵĿ£Ǹ置Χ˶Ѿǰ˶ڶŻһˡ
ұΪǽҪúõһ֮ģ̬ԴǵĻǿǾûȥıҪˡǸ置˵
һֱϴ˵ģֻ㡭ҪĶ̫ˡЦ
ǲ֪ߵغ񡣡Ǹ置ӿԼµ˹ˣƺǻعһ»»ǸˣһС䣬ȻҶ֡Ȼļ沢Ǻ죬ҿҾֻܻȥˡС䡭ȻҪΪ֪ۡ
ֿһˣµĶЦЦȻȻһ֣һ롱Ķ
ĶеڻӭƷʲôƵģȴֵ֪ô˵ĹˣҲһ˿һﲨ
µɻ޺ӡ
ӦþǱġ
ǻ⸱޺Ӹ˲СģһݣΧϣɱ
ΧһѷĳŻӿ˹
³飬ԼеˣȻ˿ΧЩˣĵһӡ

¹ˮվһصµ˵Уĵò˲Լˡ
Ǹ置ӿ־һżǽǣɪɪţĻ£ļһ˿ЦȻ˵󣬴ˣͬľˣֻҪ־Ϳԡ
˵仰ֿǸˣҲûиֻЦſ¡
°һ˿ѪɾȻЩ΢һü˵Ҫ飬ҲҪ̽ҡһΣҾͰҲһɱˡ
˵仰֮置סˡ
Ǹ治Ļ󣬾Ȼһ˼ҲûС
Ż£ĵЦ˳Ȼһ˵ǳ˵ããһΣҲһɱ˰ɡ
Ǹ置Ѿ
µĿһۣȻתԱ߷ŵһԱߣֵԱߵ̸һ衣
ôӣͬ顣
Χ˶˾ռߵģЩѾ߿º󶼿ʼ˸㣬ֻЦĿŻ¡
置Ѿ׵Ĳˡ
ڻ¸պһڲ֮󣬾Ǹһֲ°ΪʲôɱЩأҽӸİ
ºȲĶҲû٣ͷҲû̧
Ůǰɱ˵ġ

֯

ʱͻȻʵһͦĪ, ȴ֪˲⡣
ΪǸһֱϲװɻ֮ӵġȻ仰֮ЦҲ׷ʻˡ
¼Ȳ, ûκεﲨ
ʵϱ״кͽĽ֡Ʋӵ, ɱ磬ôⱲҪȡ˽ȥɱ档
ɱ˻֮أ
Ҳǻ·ǳĵһ, ϱӽɱΪ˹, ֮λ², һǱˣôʲô¾Ͳ֪ˡ
ʵǸõĴ㲻һ˵, Ǹ˲̫µ˵ģرϲˡ
ɵǣ¸պþֵرһˡ
һֱڡȲԼ, Լȥʮ, ǸͬʱҲһϵеʵ, ۲ʵ׵˺ֵز
ʵбֵ̫ûбҪģԻżҲС¶һ, 򵥵С¶һ֣Ѿ㹻ΧЩˡ
µҲһʼ𾪱˺ľЩѾѾѧ˲ںָʲôεȷĲ, ڻָɳһ춯صĴº󵭶ĸϸ㡣
ˣ͸¶һԼϲԺĸ¡ĳη쭰ֵ³ΪķӸſʹһλŮһ̸㣬Ҳûз쭡
͵ߵŮʱŸָĸ㣬ʱضڻ·쭵ʱ, ʱʱ̡
Ҳû¶ݵÿǹԼǲװװе̫ˣ˵̫ɥĲ˲ܰ˽ųڳԵóԵĸ֮Ͱ뷨Ժ
һ߳Ÿ㣬һ߻˻ɹĳĸ顣
½һѽеĸִ£Ȼʻ¶ƵĲ룬ڶ̶̵ʮ漰֯Ͳмʮֻ֣һ飬ʻµĿ
ʵе񾭲ҪǴԽģΪʱҲٵ֯鱨ƾ˳Щ߰Ĺϵ
һΣ¿һؼȻڶЩؼϵ书Ƿ򣬻µʱֱĵԴϣĸֻ书֮ǰǿһ㣬ǳˡ
ջ»һǸչʾһ书Щ书Ȼǻѧģ״еıѧġ
ò˵չ¶һ˿ͷ֮󣬻µĵλ˲䷢˱仯
ԭµ͵ҪΧ˶ɿֱչ¶һЩֶκǲŶԻ𽥹Ͼ˶Ľǿġ
ʵһʼµĴûôõģתòƶġʵչֳ֮
Щ˴һʼԴʲô汻Сһһֱڣ˿˻¶ṧĺˡ֮ǰԴЦǺǵģڻЦǺǵġ
һ֣ʵǶԴ
˹
һ˳ʱ컹û³һ׷˹ˣЩȥ
ӹǸ˵Ķһۣ㣬ʳԼһ߰ġӡ
ԣĿʼͬˡ
°Ѷıϣ˻֣תȥˣʲôĻҲû˵
ͷˮƽҲԽԽ˰»صٲú׼һúõĺȿˮͻȻֶһڶ֣¿һ֮󡭡˲Դǡ
ˣ߻иɵ鷳ˡ

ڽֶŻ֣ʵͷ鱨Ҫ£ǻ´һЩϢڷԼҪϢǻ֮ͳ׵ķ
ô˵ܾûǸͲ̫˽ŵ˰
¥ɱĽ̵ҪαװԽȻԽãĵҲǱ߸ϴɾˣһԶͶݣɷԼѾȥ˵С
»һݵĸоʮֵ棬û취κȥ˵
飬ոմ¥ӳĻ˵һ
ۻȥ֮úõһ£¼ȻǡˡôĶҪø˭أƲһǲԶٽϰٲ״һһˡ
͸֮ǰĲˡ
֮ǰɻ󣬰ٲôһƽƽСҽݣôֺӵġ
ôһԲôһоͶ˵ͨˣ̸书ģӦþλ
ҪȥҸ㣬ǼҵСӿɹֵֹģһҾĪЦЦëëġٲ׼ȥʱ򣬾ͻȻô˵
ôѻµʱ򲻶࣬ô˻£ôһֻ֤һ¡İЦëˡ
ֵĻͷͿôĪЦ
԰Ȼĵ˵ͷȻֺȻһۻµ˺һʲôܲһ㣿
ҡȿȡǿаԼԴĪðֵֹ뷨ѹȥȻļ򣬡û£㣬ྐྵӰɣҾͲˡ
Ѹվʲôһ˽ֶ档
۵ʱӣ֮ʮֵָ˸طˣɣбףһҪøС˳ӹȥɡ
Ű۵ݸһӣǳԷˮһ򵥣ûκνŵͻȻûǳȼ֮ˣȻӺ̫ʹ׻˵Ķ࣬ɵһŸжûУȻľùǸͨһ
ȥѶһۣһϾйڰ۵ĸϢ۶õԺͷǳְ𣬴ûһۣҲ֪Լ͹ĶԼ鱨
Ե޹ʳϣȻС˻ȥĿǰҲû֪ԭģֻռ񵽵ʱҡ
´˽һ°۵ڡҡĸͣһ£Ȼַһҳ鱨֮ǰҪ
ǱѾɳȥͻӴˣĲһӴ֯ˡ
ڡӴ֯ͣһᣬ·˷ż˸Ǳ߽˵һЩص㡣
Щ˶Ƿӣȴܱǣ˵ڶ̶̵һ鱨֮оᵽ˲ֹһΣ˵ǵĳ̶㹻𾪣ҷǳ⣬ûظô顣
²ǵˮƽʲôӵģͻȻҪɾǡÿҾʧȥǵʱѵġ
˼˵һ仰ҲԵ޹ʵģ˵ȷΪ²ŶԻȤİ
׼дŵʱ򣬺ȻܾúܾǰץֵķӣӸĵһӡǡǡѰǣ˹Ŀ
ȵȣˡ³˼һ룬дһ֣ûˡ
ĽӴĻҪһء

ƷĹ

ѻ, ΪʧһҪĶ
ǡΪǸѶ͵˵Ķˣ¿ʱеĪĻš
죬ڵȵ˺Լõʱ, Ҳ׼ͻһȥ
´Ż·, ȻͲܸŹȥˣԼųΪ, ʵϰ˻·, ˼ĵص㡣
֮ǰڻ˵ͺ˷룬һ, ԿһŵĶ
, ʮͤһķȺס, ɱŻ֮ǰİ, ưܼ, ѾǵһʱǸСˣܿܶ⡣
˵µһʱ²۹ߵ˾סĻ̫ˣ֮ǰȥһЩסլ, סһЩϵ˻Сӡ
ʱЩΪʲôס, , ȴЩΪʲôܻ
žǲͬλϵĲ̬ͬɡ
һǰĻ¿Щͨ˵滷ﰵŰ۹ͨ˺ͷܹסѾ漣һǳ˲顣ǻĵط, Ǻͨ˵ľסش󲿷ҲǱ˴˷ָġ
·һӵʱŲ˶, ǰĽĲôˣ
û¡˵
ʵһǰһ̫̫ˣ̫̫ڿͦӲʵ, Щο
ΪͻȻͣµĽŲ΢΢ķ
ɫЩΪǷŶ˵ԵʣټϻԱ߸ѹʵ̫Ż
Ϊƽʱ˻ԵʣǻᵣĻžͻȻܲ˳ֱۣһаˣһεĻЩϡ
ֻһǰҶΧӦĸоһҲûз
ýԾ棬ͬʱ־ÿһ档
ǸСˣ°ĸŽ˹ȥǺĻ۵ĵʱͻȻЦһ¡
طڡ
ǰƿţһһȳһյĳ˹ָָɡ
¿ԱߵСӣȻܵȥԾһۡ
ɨʱ˼⣬Ϊΰ̫ԲҪôˣµˣԭܼ򵥡һӡ
ӵĹ¿ˡ
ڶǸСϣЩֵֹĶԺ󣬴Ȼóһֽݸ͸ġ
ĪĽӹһŻ滭ҹľֵƻ𣬻и¥ˡ
һʱ͸һŻһָһŻ
°ѻִʣʲô£
Ĺ۲Ż¡
ڵû֮ǰԻµʱôˣһټı飬´ŻߣǼһģһͷβһ顣
ڻɻĿʱȻǷһȥԻֶɢ˵͸Ļһ˺ܾãƯɣ
Ӳ·ư
΢˼·ܻشĻУֻûлҵҪܰҵĸһͺˡ
ĬĬĿ˴ԣﰵļ֮ĶԻ
Ȼ·ƣڸ¿һԺ΢ãȻͿʼĽ˹š
ܾúܾǰŸոճַӡ
ʱķӶǱ¶Ȼģǿʼ÷ֿʼɱˡһʼʱӡ
ºͽ˭Ҳûϣ;š
ⳡ·ֹĻҳ˲֪ԺһڱŰһ˿ãȻʲôط̫Ծȴ˵ʲôԡ
֪Լܳʲô⣬ȴҲ⣬ʱոһգ긴һɱ¾жȹˣӷ֮ǰһ򡣡
һ죬뵽һ
˵Щ嶯Ű˸ָƿƿ޹޵ļϡ
Ƴһҩ
ҩ
ͻȻ⣬˵ǻº״ˣԹϵĽһ
ֱʶܻʲô˵ĶԾֱ
ʱеķǷΪüɣļֻƳֱ¥͢һЩǸӴҲһǳķӣΪͬһĹơ
ǿӴӵе۵ĶһΪʦѣѲԷ޾ɱ¾ɻֱԭ򡣡
ԾԼûбı£ʵʱֵи֧֧ĳһʱΪ˽ϵһɿµĻһ
˵ʱ˶١
ºȻûڣµµķչˡ
ҲԭĳԹ״̬תΪĿɿڴ״̬ӣػѼֱ¶ǡ
һֱҩܹ÷ӱǵҩܹ÷ӳ֮ͨеҩ˵֪ΪʲôһһҩΪҩ÷Ǹ׶ͨγɱ¾֮⣬ƺûκЧ
⣬ʱѾ˷еķ񣬶Ҫģ˿ʼڱѡˡ
ǹƳ棬˶͸ȴϲ
ֹƳƿصķȫԼͬǹôһǽµһˡǻȫ˳Ҳ˳
Ǵͬ⡣
ãȻҲ֪ģΪʲôҪƿأ
һּ˵ķ֮Уһѡ񣬽ҩ˽ϵķǡӴˣӵ˿Ⱥ֮е
ģƳ˵ڶҩҩ
ˡ
˵֮󣬹Ȼֹһ±ƵĽͱϿʵѾ۾ɳ˵Ļ¡
֪¸𺳴󣬻ҩȻǰйظ𺳴
»´ʲô˼ӦиӴΪڽͼƿطǣԸɴһݣ÷۾ɫҩ֮Դ
λδıĴвŨŨľ⣬Ĳ˵˵ҩĳ̶Ⱦ㹻𾪣ÿ¶ҪöҩҪô𱬣ǻ·ַ˲ɡ
Ļ͸¶һ˼ǾʵǵǸӴġʦѡ
ǸӴпǹƳΪһι
أ˵ʲô
սʱҾڹ۲˵
һ£ƽĿŻ¡
̫˻ףôһῼɱġ

ҩ

Ŀһ˲ͣ, ºԵţʹʲôҲûȴ·ڷ½
¿, ΪɱʮͤȻ˵仰, ʹҪһд۵ɱ, ¸Լ
ݾܸо, û鲻ԽĸпǸĹϵĺ
ΪʲôҷҪɱң
Ϊһ˵ĹΣ, ûκδڵıҪ
Ż, Ҳıû
˵ķ, ʵûбҪϡһֱĴһִ, ҪŬĸ
¿ڵЩŵķʲô
Ȼ, ղ˵ǸֵҲйһ֯, , Ǹ֯Ӧþڵʮͤ
ôڶԷ￴ȥʮͤˣ
ҪȻ㿴ڻд棬ô֮仹ǿԽһЩġ
ΪʲôΪһкʡ
Ǹ˲Źġ
ƿƿ޹İڷţȴһֻֻ۾һӰоĶǡ
ı, ǰ˳ڴˣһ֪ԡ
Ǹˡʲô
ȴ֪˵ʲôΪǸˡҪԻˣҵ˻
ֻҪǸ˴ﲻĿģҾͺܿˡȻЦ
˼һĻ, ͸¶ȤЩҩǳȤ
ƺƿ÷ӱЩġҩ
ԸҪЩҩ䷽µ
ԺȴȻҡͷЦ
ҩû䷽ӦñҪ
Ļûлȴû̫ӵ롣
Ͼ˫Ȼ֣ͬôΪѵһҩµġ
ˣﻹмֵ߶˵ˡºȻûҳǼһûµĻͰ߰ɡ
ˣҪֵ´ĺõĻţûˡһָֻ̱ӣ˻ֵûʲôˣؼ

˵Ի·Ȼذɣ¸ô˵ģƾһ
ҹӦúܹעԼֵµķӵģΪ·ӵһʵͷһԼֵ·Ҳ˵Ҫɴֱ˵ġ
¶һ£ȻҡͷʧЦû˵ߡ
Ҳ׼ߣȴסŸ
˭ңãȻĿ˵ͷֿۻ棬Ȼһͷ˻¸ոСϡ
ҲûںȻôĽӦòǺıͱӡ
ҾǺıҲǻµʱϢ׹
ĪĿԭΪԼǸ򵥵ģͻȻ䱻˽ʮֵãȻ
Ѿ뿪ˣҲ֪ΪʲôôķģΪһܰͱνĴоĴڰɡ
ڶ棬һʼ۲컨ͷŵĹ۲һ齭ëëģʣ
롭ʣӦҲǹƵĺѡֻΪʲôΧƽأĵ
⻰Īе㱻Цˡ˵ǰĪı٣ͻȻ˸ţ⻹ƽأҪ㣬ǻҸʲôӰ
۽ʵԭҲӦðģΪΥҵԭ򡭡ȻʶôҾ͸һܰɡ
ʲôܣһܾ
ԱܶȤΨһȤĶֻСҩ
ΪĶû壬ļȵĽǣԼԼҪõֶ
ʵҸղŶԻ˵Ļ˵ҲáĵҩʲôӦ֪
ʲʲô
һ룬վǵڻ϶˵ʲô𣿡
ʱڻ潲Ļʱڼʱȷʵ˵ܶйصϢʱӦòһǳ˽ӵˡ
侲ķʵֻǼ֡תͷһ֣Ϊĳ»ĳ˱ǣһҲ˵ǿһɲΪӵ֧ţлдǵ˴󲿷ֶ
˵ͷ
ڶ֣ǿԼԽǿ󣬾ͻԽΪûа취ƿغԼֻҪܹԼôȻȻĳ̶Ⱦͻü˾ͻѡ
ֵ˵ͷڵڶַҲõģñǻɱ
֣ĳǿķӣǸһҪǵģǷġ
ΪĽǿڱԼǿƴӣһǸǿķӿסǣȻҲһˣֻͳ˶˹ޣǸҵġ
ַʵԼֻ˵ֶϺܳɫõľǵһ֡
΢΢ЩʧܹҵһġҩءڿҩֻһִʣʮͤķӴ󲿷ģʵһַ
Ȼ˵¹Ȼû׵𣬽ЦȻʱȴͻȻ˵һ˵ʮͤķӴ󲿷ֶܱǵģľַ
ַЧ˶죬Щ˵ܹãЩ˵ãܶ࣬ӸûôȥﵽЩ
ǻһַȻõͳһַеķӶãʮֵףֻҪˣǾһɹҲҪôȾ
յ뽭ܽüһľ롣
֪𣿡
ֱܸܵƺ˸ӸľָоϾһֱڿӡ
òʣʲô
һǿҵʹʹڷ˵õҩֻҪʱʱ̿Լʹ֮УǾһѹ
˵ʱʱĴԼСȣڹͷʱ˾ͻޱȣ۴ʲô¡
彩סˡ
˫۾˫۾һЩɢģãģʵĶʣµֻޱȵѡ
̧ͷܽȻǱ絽һ˺ľ룬ȻתŶɿ뿪Сݡ
ԼԼ˽һ仰
񾭲ɣ
ŻںţֻʶӵӰ
ŽȥӰҡͷ̾˿
ϣ㲻õ

Ǹе

콭ʲô, ²Ǻͼ׻ȴֽܲԾըëļ
ڿǽǶʧż̫, ԲŻһᵽż¾Щ, ȻͲˡ
, ſƺƽĶȹһ¡ıǰﱩ, Ǹ湫ӡ°СǸʵˡ
ֻ˻ҪĶԽԽ, ȻԽԽᣬֵµ˽ҲʲôԵ
ǺѾϰĽͻȻ˻, ôһ²ͷ, Ӧĳ̶ȷǳĸߡ
ºͽ˵, ϵԽԽ·꣬һҪƴݼĳ嶯
ʱŵ˿ºͽӭϵʱ, һַǳˬŻ, һֻǻܡǫáĴԱ߶ȥʲôͻ
У޷Ǿǻ˽λԺìܽһˡ
ԻֵµʱҲȰ, ΢ƢӲһ, ڵְλҲû, αǰôġÿλ¶ǳĬ
ϻӭʱһĵĶǸָϡŹֵĶ˳㽻һ鱨û, Ҳ
Ǹƻ±ƵԽԽˣѵǿȼֱһɥĲķ롣
ŻκһˣѵǿȶֲʱҲᱻƢ
Ǹ˵ֵ࿴߻µˣһ㻪ҲϾЩ˴󲿷ֶǿʳԸΪǻǵԴԾŻ¡
ÿһζܰǴһ쿪ǲͣһʱ䡣ˣŻµʱȺɷ·޾Ķ
ιһԼĵʱԱһ˺Ȼס书ĺܿ졣ô죬Ҳֻҵ°ܽ
תͷһ˵ˣְͷת˹ȥǸܾûƲվŻºιˡ
һֻû˵꣬µĵ˲ʣĲϻ
Ѫ˲ӿºĶ㿪ûѪһ˿һԼϣȻת뿪ֻǸʹĺᷢģһᷢģ
񾭲Ե޹˸롣
ʵڻ֮ǰǸƺ˲ʵ飬òʵ鲢ûгɹ
Ҳڼ֯Ժ˽⵽ΪڻɽЩӶһģΪĹƳǸĹƳ治ͬġ
ĿǰĹһйһΪЩƳ治ҪܵţǲҪùƳñӶĻ൱ڴһơ
ֹƱе˵ϣǸ˲һȫ޵ķӣĹƳѾܳˣ˴һĹƳԿơ
ҪôƺֹƳ棬ΪãҪȻ氲Ӫկ˹󳹵׵ʧȥƣ
ɽϿȫǡʧƷǸ˵Ļ˵ǲܳɹĿƹƳ棬ڹǰ侲ģʧܵĹƳ棬Ӧñ
ĿǰΨһһɹƷ
ոտ·һĻ¼Ҵҵȥŵ飬ŵĹҲܶ࣬Ի¾ûע⵽Լ·ϱմ˸ոǸ˵Ѫ
ͷзݶҪ㴦һ¡ҶæҲûж˻ע⻪µĴŴ硣һֱԱм˸´ʱһ˲ע⵽һ˿Ѫֵָŵͷ𣿡
ûС¿ĨѪѪˣǲСĲ䵽İɡ
ôѪأǲ̫ϻ˰˸´Ȥš
ҡҡͷȻ⼸һ죬ϴȥװʱһ˹
ɰԭ㡣Ц￴Ż£ԥһᣬҲ΢΢ĵͷŻЦһ¡
ûʲôµĻҵ߰Ҵְɡµݸһļʹ򵥵Ŀʼѧ𣬿𣿡
Ƭ̣ӹļֵ˵ͷ
¶ʣļЦЦһƬͷȻϲ˼СĴȤ뿪
㶵һᣬȻסԼ·ԱߵĴӣǻµѪոմϵλá
ıȻ£ֲһ֮λãѴӷ˻ȥĪҡҡͷ

ݶš¸ոճţſھһվ˵СŪˣ
ȴչġµĵ
ҲǸˡġĶŻµû֮ǰСһֱΪԼǴֵˣǸΪ׼ء
Ϊ֮Ц
һٸҳҵǰҵĵͲһյסˡ
úúãˣ㰡ǡǰ˺ºܿµƵģһ߾˫һġ
Ÿոɱ˰˸ˣȴֵǻ±ºܶģ¿ſžЦˣĪЩá
Ǹ˵ֵ¾ûһģҲû೤ʱ䣬Ѿ˸ָıÿһž˵ɱ
Цŵģվ淴Ǹͻ
ͦľֵµ˱÷ˡС˵˶Ҳǳ̾ءֻҲȺ˵ˣĿǰǲṩκεİ׼ôˮأ
ò֡µȻԼİ취
ŶǾĿԴˡǸ˹ЦȻתȥߵʱķ磬ûᵽŨŨѪζ
¿ӰǰʧԼĴԭվȥ
ʵǸҲ˵һֻڻ¿ⲻǸ˵һȤζ˵ǿ
Ǹ˵Уûа취ӦöǲϸƷ
»ǸﻹڲͣԼǰǸӣƺѾ˺ܾˣ½ûз֡
Χ˶Ѿ뿪ˣֻﻹһţǰڷûŪĸֶ
ǸĹ
ڱ󾲾ĿһᣬȻĺ֡ҶѾˣѵһ𣿡
ﱻµһ
תͷ˲Ǻ죬һЩŵӣ̧ͷۻ£ַɿĵȥ
ЦſװûпǽŵСԼϰڷŵģҺ彦īˮ
ǵЦݺ



ļ, ǸŮĹ۲Ż¡
¾ͺʲôûзһԼ飬ŵЩճ, Ǹ˱󽻴һЩ񣬻лǱߵ顣
棿½Ŀ⼸һѵʱȻ֪˻֣˶ںİãȻĽ׶Σֻ˵Һ˵һķӰɣ
ԡȺϿεǸϲͷЩοĿ, й˵, ʵǺǼȻĿôԺһƵĸ˴򽻵
̨µǰϲͷţҲֻǽ֪ôһ˶ѡ֪˼Ϊ, Ȼرǿ󣬵ƺϲӰ档
ǿ˶ѡһݷģȻԸˣҲ˸Ȥԭ֮һ
νԺ, ʰʰ׼뿪ԼĶúãո׼ʱȴȻ˴ӱס, ͷǸϲͷ߹ҿѧĲ֮ǰʲôİ
֮ǰŵĲ, нͣ΢΢Щŵĵ
ϲͷʱЩ, û˵仰͸ϽˡϲͷȥӰߺȻһ, һɫĲˡ
ϲͷתͷȥԴȵĿ߹Ǹˡ
ôš߹ǸЦŵСģöɶˣԭûнĿģֵ̫ɫˣԾ˽
һǡû뵽Ǹ̿εϲͷҡҡͷȻϳ£ʲô
һ»¡
Ҵҵľ͸һӭײˣһæ˲Сײ˵û°ɣ
κģǰոȶͿվǰĻ£ʶæվֱӣͺ
¿͸˵ĵûٿһֱһ֮ȶŵܵô
ûûʲôҡҡͷ
εЦſȻͷ˸ոһСı˵ϵ鱾鱾պǴ򿪵״̬۵ĵط֣桱
棿ºİѱӻôͻȻдأ
ΪѧйĶѱӽӹС˵
֮ЦҡҡͷǶʱӦøҲ棬ôҪѧ
˵仰ƺҪת뿪ˣʱһֱǳɬȻס˻£ͷһȡ
ţôˣתͷʡ
ңҡ˵Сԥһһ£װԺõһеֽʲô
仰֮ɫһ䣬Χ˿ȻչȥꡭҲ˶ĿģǧҪ¡
ֺܿЦЦʣһУ˵ҵṦ𣿡
ǡһС˵ǳһ˲䣬Ҿõĺ¥ĵ
¥ĵЦŶգգ۾
̧ͷĿŻ£⻹ͷһαֳôĶȵʶԼĶĹֺ̰ͷ˻ȥֺˡ
֪ʲô¿ͷЦ¥书⴫ĶҡЩ⣬ҵʦǴ¥ӳģСңȥˣһľ¥Ĺ򡣡
Ŷԭ֮󣬴ʲôȻĵ˵ͷ
ŮĪֵ粨ϵĸоȻ̧ͷʻ£ôͷԺʲôⲻᣬ𣿡
԰ЦſֻҪʱӭ
ƺΪ仰ÿһ㡣ֶŻ¾һȻɿԶˡ
¿ȥӰͷ˿ذ壬ЦЦԼƽ˼

ͷ׬ˡĿ½˵ĻޱĽĿ
ͷȻ˭飬رæҪϻĺܲס
ͷˡôʡ
šǸˣԵĴˡ½ѵͷƷû˵Ǿ̫ˣֵµ۸
仰󣬴Ӵϱһ˻ᱻ۸𣿡
ɲѵҲִ˲ŻῴˣƽʱǶӴЩˣٳڲ
ﱧűĬĬ˼˰Ҳûг
ڰʱѺȻĴ˹
Ĵ˹ȥҪҪ˵ʲôĶС˵㲻áͷʵ˧𣿡
һ¡
ȻƽʱǼ˧ʱûʲôᵽͷľûͷǸѵһ˧硣ǸŮһûб˧ĳƢԸʵ̫ˡ
ﱻһ仰Ī˼άɢһ£Ȼ´·ӡ
ò˵һλʱõʱȷʵǷǳ˧Ǹƽ￴ĻһֽȻͬӡ
ϸ΢Ķ֮񣬶˴Ǹʮֿµվ˽ϵˡ
ʵôһ˲Ϊų˴ʵء
˵ͷҲװûȥϸͷپͻ֣ᷢͷȷʵ
ǸѻĶੲݵ˵ţƽʱƢʵ̫ˣΪҲ̫Űˣܸһֳĸо˶᲻ʲô񡭡
Ҫ˵ͷԸҪ΢һ㣬һͺã¾һȺСΪȷѪˡʵвٹ˽Ҳ˧
ԭΪֻһãģŷִҶá
ͦõȻ˵һ䣬ѵĻ
һ¡
˵񲻾Ʈһ£񻪲ͷҲͦõ
ƺĻŪһ£૵ͦͦãǡ
ǸԸرƵˣҲӦϲ̫˹עɡǲͦõ𣿡Ӧ˵
ѱһϯ˵˺ܾãȻ˵ͦͦáֵֹܾġ
ֿӣȻüȻСҺȻΪʲôܺͻͷ˵ϻˡ
ΪʲôãȻ̧ͷʡ
ΪԻ·һ°ȥɣ˵󻪲ͷƭء

ˣ

̨, ̨»һ쵼ӣȻʼһЩԱ䶯
ǱȽʴȵ쵼ûжԾʲô, վһЩԼ˵ġ
µĴǰǻͻȻյһ, ǽ齨һԼС, زʲôŵС, ǡĿС顣
ڱʽΪŸֱӶԽӵܸˡ
һ, кܶӦö˺ܾ, ܾá
Ķ̶̰Сʱ, յ߰˷ɸ봫飬⻹ֱˡ
˵һ, Ŀ˲䱬ըĳ̶, ĿһеĲ, ﲢûֳʲô̫Ķ
ӦǸһµ, пںܾǰͿʼﱸˡ
ֻﲻһǻ£ºԼǱǿһ, ԿЩӦ
ҲԼܹһп˳µİ취, Ǹ֪, Ҳˡ
Ҳûз, ֱӱһ仰, 仰еһзǼֱ˵ҩ԰顣
Ǿһ䡰ѻµѡ
Ϊڻϰѵ˻Ĳ, ûɱ
ǣѡ
仰֮Լһվڽ, ǺȻ¶˱Ц
ȻʶеѾĻҪѣﳰŵûһʶ׵ʱϽ˱飬ǲұǸ˵¿ˡ
¾ͱ˹ȥ
Ǹ˿ƶԻʮֵĹУʵò˵˵ְˡְԺѺͱء
ûйϵġЦŵȫˣҲ⡣
¾ˣ֮²׾ӵ̽
һЦǸΪ¶ԻĺҲǻϡͿĹһء
ڲ֮ĳͻȻ֪Լֱӷֵ˻µ£΢΢ľһ룬Ϊϸ˼ûʲô
Ϣ˷ܵһļ򣬡㿴˵ʲôţҾ˵ʲôţ
Ҳû˵仰˰ԼµĽҲ;Ǽμʱ
һγʱ˻£ѾֱӳƺΪӳǻͷˡ
˭ܿó죬Ȼ֮ǰ˵ֺܿ챻ˣһء
һλ齨Լֵ˵ķһųҾͶ뷽跨漷껪µһεСӳʱǸϢһ㶼ͬ
￴ԼߵˣŻȻԼӦΪļûʲôݣˡΧﰵĶһЩѰ˲һĸоֻԼһվȺм䡣
ʱź֪ʶӦǸһǳõĻġ
ӦǺܶ˶ץסȴתָ
⡭Ҫл

ҽĺ밡¿Ц˵ӽ쿪ʼǾҪһˣϣܹദ
ûûСӦõġһȺ֮˷˶˾ֻһ˿ͷԵģӦȱ˰ġ
ΪʲôôడڸоԼһȺԼҪȽܶĻ棬ЩЩ˵ٶȣֻܱȥ
ԼмС˵ŻҰ˵λ±Ƚϵ˵ʶɽһûû뵽Ȼôˡ
˵һЩʵɸȥˣֻǿ£ԭȹƵö˶ʮ
ҿǵڶˣٲһҾͽˡ
ִĿǰĻ£ûµֹʵȺǻֵҲ̫һЩǽǲС̸ŵġ
ûһӣµ԰˵㣬Ҳûа١ºԴҲ⡣
˵ݸ˻һϣ·Ͽ˿ȻǵӦͨ;ģһҲ֪Ҫʲô𣿡
˻һ˲䰲˲١ҲĿ˿棬ʵҲ֪ѡҪʲôġ
ٶȷɿ죬Ҷ²ӦʲôķϾٶȣѡ֮Ҳûбˡ
Ҳе˵֮ǰһЩݣ֪ͨĳүŽŵģ˵´ĻڵڲְϵĲҲ˺־˭Ҵүȥˡ
Щ߰飬һ֪ǻԼȴ֪ĺ
νǸֲǡǸˡ
ȷһʮֿµ²ľݾΣ˵ʲôΧЩ˵̬Ҳܲ³һ
˶±ˡչˡԭ򣬻ΪǸ˿ػ£ֻлԼ֪˵һѵ
΢΢Цһ¡
ȻͺȻµǰݶһ顣
˲ˡ
ΧһӰĿⶼͶʵЩѰ
ԥԥվǰ棬ӹʱ򲻾̧ͷ˻һۡ
΢ЦſһʮůЦݣôһȺݱĶ֮ͻȻһǳܳʴӵ顣
СûܵôĿֻܰǷݶ˹Ȼ󷭿˲ӶĶӵļǵ۾·кɫ룬Ըı겻ȶ
˵ķǳĶԡµһǸսŵʱӦöѧˣЩҪ㣬һ˵ʲôأ
ָǿ󣬶ΧĹƶѹԵĿơԥ˵˵ǰʱش⼸˺üֱܹ
Щܱһ̶ϵǣαװɿûʲô𡭡
Ҷ𣿡¶ʵ꣬ùǷݸӣȻЦգգۣɣҪ̫š
̫ڽţͷ
κ˻ȥԭȺۣͻԸͻҲͻԸûм˴һ£ü˶ΪոյĶԴ
˵ݹûжôѣʵǴµ黹ǼΣյġ¶˵ԴһҪúõİעһ飬ñ𣿡
ǣ
Ⱥ棬ĿǰʲôûзƵĻ¡
룬ȻΪʲôŽڳ޵ĺˡ

Ϊ

־һƽ, ʵ򱳵ﰵӿ̸󣬻һ뿪, ׼ذٲá
е˶ϣܹɹĵϸԽӵ˵ģеһ־Ͳ롣ܻ¸ȷ˵ʶ˵Ǻ죬žΪûԻɱֶҵȥЩܻŵ
ȥĻ벻μŭǡ˵ڻǽĹĿǰ˵ʱûиŵжԵ̬, ¶һƵ̬, ûȥʲġ
Ҳһɱ˶ļһȥʲôʱŻҪһˣԽԽ񻰡Ե˦ȥ
ڲķԽԽ, ¾һ߾ĿšһȤ, ǾڲԷǵĴҲǷֳ˽ȻͬɵģڲҲֻΪһˡ
ΪĵĻ, 񲢲̫עЩ, һֲ̬ڲ£ܴȴ̨ۣϢ, 
ʱ仪¶ûٺͽϵ, ΪģΪǸڿʵ̫, 뿪ƽϰȥĵطʮӣͻ˲˳ǰ
ⲿϢҲ粻, ȫСӺͰ򻨴ڴϢ¸оǸ˿ں£ŵ˽Ӵϡ
˼
ʱҲڸеĳһһԱ, Ҫеһˡ
ϱεʱûйôĲȻҲѣǹɻǲһģʱضѵˣӦòࡣ
ǸҪŻ¸ŵ˽Ӵ˽ӴܻҪһϵе˸½Ӵ¾ʵͦ۵ģԣȻҪһ˳ϴԣôߵ˶ȷʵõķ
ǧ㻹㲻ĵط
硭³綼Ҫġ
㿴ǵӡεĿԼֵЩ˷ܵСһһ˵һȻ󲿷ǹϵʵҲǿԵģҲܻᱻȥΣյ񣬡һҪȥΣյģԶʵʵĸҡ
ͷ˷ܵĺ£ǲҪȥˣ
ۿԼѿڶһζͳױ˷ܵĺи˻ȥ
Ⱥ˶ʵĽ׶Σһ˵ȥĵطǻ֣˲˾Ͷˣס
ǲһʶǻطһ˵
ֵĵطǵҹƶϨĵطõĴʡ
ֵطƽܶȥΪҽ̹ܵϡ˹ȥֵطǾͷǳ˳ˡ
ȥȻȥ֣һ߻·һ߼˵ΪȥĽҰһĵطأôͻȻ;Ҫȥˣ
ͻȻģǱҪȥĵطǻ֣ûոջͷ˵ԺҪȥˡ
ֲǼүӷҰط
¿ǰһȺ˷ܵĲˣһ̸һ߻Ҫȥֵ·ĬĬƿ뿪⿴ʲô۾Ķ
ȻȺô˷ܣʵҪʧһˣϾȥϣɲΪġ
ֵŮҲһ滻·ֱϾһܽĵطƢôŹ֣Ϊ˲ϵ˿ʲôŶðȺʰĸɾһٹȥ
ԼϵǼ·Щ޴룬ߵЩŮӴ󲿷ֶţǰڼﶼûԼִ·Լ·Լˣֻûдô·˰졣
ôˣԱ˹еʣһѽ·£Ȼҡͷûûʲô
·ֻⲼˮһﻮ
һС˶𡣡¿³ȺС˼˵
̹׵˵ѡһȺб˼ҲδйֿǣȺүСһϱȽ·صĲϵʾɢˣڻϣƲᱻκ˿ʲôԡ
Ŀǰ֧СӦȫűֲһСˣЩ˶ǳǳǸӶġ
վĪЩִ٣Ҳע⵽һرƯСȻƽЩأһȹӺ󣬾ͱ÷ǳۡ
ˣȻˣǾͳɡµֵµΧʶͷȥֶȥʲôط
ܸɻʱ𣿡
ʲôҪûУ
Ҫ񣿡±ȺСЦԷǣ붼Ҫ룬һǾʵʵĴţȺһߡ
ΪʲôҲŵģǶİ
԰
һĸȺ棬ǰںͱ˴ȤĻ¡
˲ֵͬʱԺ˲両ֳ֣桭
ˣ˽⵽ϢҲر٣йϲǲ˿ŵģ֪һжǴ˿ġ
桭ظһ֣ȷһȥǲΪ
ʵʵĴţҪܡƢĻ󶼱µȺǲЩˣֻܿǵҶһ㣬һȥĺΣյģЩеû뷨ҪϹˡ
û£˽͵͵롣ȺЦ
뿪˲ӳΪ˻ֵĺÿһ˶˷ܵĸΧ˽š
ȥҶķǳڴһεû˻Ϊ˶ţշǳɻá
ֻлһ뿪ڣϣʱѾ谵ûеƣŹϣһ˿Ҳʧ֮С
˷˲Ǳһ磬ֻһƬž
ڴ˵ĵһҪѾˣʲôӣȫԼķˡⲻԶһƬյϣһڰĵ˹ȥվԱߣŸոһ˿
ûԼΪǸ˺ȻЦŶԻ˵Ҳûй뷨һ㣬ʵĺҲǳ츳ƽʱûж˻ע⵽һ㣬ȷȻʲô
µͷĿԼָһʣôܳΪ
ɱ˻档

ͷȺʵ̫ˣ˷ܵĶͲȥ˳͸һ͸һţͿһ˰վ¹棬
ôˣǳʲôĲµƺôã֪Ϊʲôһ¡
ûʲô³Ĭ˼룬ֱ֮Цſ
û˺֣˵Ƣõˣһθʱȴŵ÷˵ºûʲô˼ˣȴײһվ¡
˶ԵİɡĬĬ롣
֮ʵһǳֵˡ
֦ͷÿÿҲ
ֵҹʼˡ



ʱһԺ, һվ˻֮ϡ
ʱѾ䣬ϵѾһЩŻеСװΡǵ·Ҳɴ˺ĽС
ڽϸһźĳ·èĹ, Ķϴë׵Բ, ֻë׵èһ, ůġ
ǡԱߵһãȻ̧ͷ, ǲŻعһ૵ĵ, ̫Ưˡ
Ư𣿡»عͷ, ȻЦЦ
ǰɡ
ϴһ, סϰ
شĪľ⻰˼һȴ󲻳ԸΪʲôֵطҰ仰ϸƷ, һ˿ӵ
һĥһ, ѻ˻ȥûнӲ硣
ʱȸкģ˫ĵص㶨˻ֵһ¥ϣǰȥʱ, ֶѾøɸɾˣʣ˻ڲˡ
ڻºĲŵȺˣŵ, Ͼ⿿һȺǲܲμôҪļġ
Ⱥ˵Ҳʵ, һ־ͱ˸ˣƺҲĸӣֵԵﶼǻ, վ棬Ŀһڽŵˡ
һжô֣һֶôİ, ǵЦƺʹһǽ֮ĵطߵĽֵɵƻͨͷܶȴž
ͳ׼õָֽվÿһˣָÿһСǵ
һеʱ򣬿ƽ
ڻȺǴʱ˿̲ŸоһЩǹԹԵĽӹ򣬵
ҲӹССԺɢһֺůҴůɫĹ⣬
תͷһۻ£ĪЩɻ
ͷϤӰ

ҲյȻ˶ǰ档
ϴһɫ·رΧͶϵȴࡣ
ʵһʱеƣûʲôر˵ĵطɣҪ˵еĻ޷ҲͷһǻһСľڲˣ
ߵǼҾ¥ſڣſھվʶһеڸУǻȴвֵһ֡ǰȥ׼λǴ·Ϳ˺ȻɨһۣȻһɣ
鷳Ǵһ·Цŵ
ôôˣ˵õĲ𣿡ǸС˵Ҵ·ô㣬ǻ
ˡԱߵһϾͲˣվ˳Ҫ˾ô¡
ȥֹû£Ҫͻ
Ǹ˻µĻ̧ͷһû˼Ҳ΢һ£ȴֱŲ
ſڵΪ¸΢΢ЩӲȴתȥЦŸſǸ˵ܲǽȥһ£ٲȥʱҲˣʱҲÿɡ
Ǹ˿˻°죬ջǲ鲻ԸԱһµȥɡ
¶΢΢ĵͷȻĿתĴǰߣֱƹǰֱӴ˹ȥ
ЩǶԼͬ˿Ȼ˵ĸŻǰߡ
Ȼ֮ǰ˵Σյ£Ǵ󲿷˱û£Ҳһֵĵطոյⳡ򵥵ĶǸ˵һÿΡ
һ·ֵĴ󷽷ģΪֹڵ̬סŵȺˣͬʱס˻ЩˣʹǺҲûиˡ
Ⱥ˻ǹְĬĬ룬ôһЩ˾Ͷü۵ģʲô
һ˾¥߲㣬վˣһʱûа취ȥֻܵ˵ͨ
ʱǺȻĺ洫һ˵𣿡
ĵһʱ䣬Ȼ̧ͷӺ濴һֵۣҩ·ʱֵ˵Ĺͷ
ˡѾˡ˴
Ƕ£ǸͷǸ˼˵˵
ŵЩǲԼͬĿ˻¡
΢΢һЩȣϻһߵԭ־Ȳֳ̫ܱ
ɡǱһˣȻɷ˵ľҪѻ´ȥ
ιһ£ŵȺһȻȫ
һķչ͸еĲ̫һ
˵Ŀǰǻ±ߺ᲻ʲôΣգΧѾǳѹˣԴʶĶû±߻¡
ӺǸո˵ˣû¶ĪΧȺ˸оһЩĻţǲû¸ߡ
Ⱥ֮иЩ£Ҳ벻⾿ôģôͻȻ֮仪ͷҪһȥˡ
Ǹָ˭ãΪʲôҪƫƫָͷ
ʲôµġתͷЦ˵ģﰲĵĵңϾͻ
ΧһƬѹֻ֣ƽ˰ģģ߾ͰˣȻĿŻ±ߡ
ںȭͷۼɨΧĻȴķһ˵ı΢ı仯һ¡
˵ʲô˼ֻǺΧԵĵĺͽ겻ͬ
еֵĪһ˲ͽסˡ

ڸŻ˽Ժ󡭡ͿϣŻߵС˧硣
ûдϤ˫һˣղҲǻֱӸŵȺ˴ľС˧硣
찡ˣּˡС˧ڿµһһȻһѽժ
ʶ뿪ʱڣӦкܴѹ
㿴С˧綼޲˵Ļʹ飬һϲӡ
ҲժԼϵߣȻĵĿʼ·һһʣЩô£ôÿһ˿Ӷֵֹģ
˵ǰС˧ãȻһ룬Ȼʶ˵ʲô൱˼ĵˡ
ʲôˣ
Ĵ󲿷˶ݣȻ֪ﴫ˵̸еһõסӵˣеƢҲġС˧
µһ٣ȻеЦá
찡¶һȺƷСš
ֲøղǸ̬ȡ
ˣ׼ô죿С˧̽ʣµûʲô㣬֮ǰǼ°쵽𣿡
쵽ˣǸӦ·ϡ
ǾͺáֽӹۣȻԼϵӸ㴩֮治ҪܣҲҪ˵Ǹ˵ߣһֱڶҡ
ס
С˧绻˻µ·תִ˻ʱߣߺͺͻ²࣬ڻװ磬κ
ǻʵӰӡ
°ѻ·ĴϣȻ˻ߣµ¶һ˿Ц
ǧҲ
㲻ɡ
ƿ˴¥µЩŵԭ롱һԳԲ裬ʱС죬ȴͻȻһ̧ͷͿ˻¡

ƾͼ

ոջ, ʱȴʶ
ι㿴桭ԭڵͷ飬Ȼ˴Ӻһ, ˡ
˵λӽ˵еԶ, òһӽ, ȻǱֿһۡ
һˣſڴ̨߲ûǵ, ȴǿǡ
ǡŵǶվ, ҲǸˣǵľǸ޵ɫһʮɫĻ, ȼⱾͺۻҵĽֵϡ
ﻹϸһȴǸֱ»صˡ
ղŵǸˡԱмŵϲͷСĵ, ǲǻ棿
ӦûԱߵһСĻش
桭
һظ, ֵһӡǡ
ֵϺȻߵ˻ֿʶĳǱ߿һۣͿͷ̧һɫСΣƺһ·Ůˡ
ϵǿʼǿʼ, һЩСӴǵܹҿֵӣߵżȴĪ
ô£ֵľոʱγĶԱȡ
ǶӻĴǵǰ߹ƺһĽСŮ, Ů˴߾ʱ￴˿
а˵
ֻǲѾŮӵݣ绨һ㣬£ֱ˵ĳ
ǽһֻȻɹĺֻڳ˾һ棬Ȼķ˱ĵطȥһֱɵ˸ոջ½Ǹ¥ϡ
ȥʲôŵü
Ƿʵһ룬¥ĴȻԱ˴Ӳƿֻһ㱡ɴӵܡ
¶ȱ¶ȸ˺ܶ࣬һӾ˲֮С
ŵẠ̊́һ˲䶼ˡ
Ǵƿһ˲䣬һ˱ǶǵıȲʲô㣬Ҳʲô㣬һ˵㡣
ֻһ㣬ҡ
ǶСһ·̧˸¥˲ŷǸɫĽϣһźµŮˡ
ӽԱߵСķһովڴߵǰ
ˡ˭ŵЩϲͷǰüͷǻûϳոչĹ˭
ֻһϲͷ˰ü﷭һ֣櫣
櫴ӽԱߵ˷ŻĳǸڴߵȥĹҪȥ磬ı˴ǰ
Ӻ澲ĿǸˡ
Ǹ˽ģʱ˿ˣǸȴûһͷ˼
ȴҶǸʹСƢ
ԭӦóģҲû죬ȺȴĪҵĲ֮Ұ
Ⱥô֪֮صģҪ֪¥ĵطܹһ˿֪оһ˿־壬־£һ˿ɸ˵ϲá
ߵǸ˵ߣȻĶļǸȴûκηӦ
Ҳû٣˶ĶûзӦѾõķӦˣҪ֪ϰ֮˶ԼǷǳеġ
ո׼ٿһʱǸ˺Ȼһֱ֣ӽ§˻
櫿зһȴֱܿѹ£ϴŵʱһȹӣȹӵĲϼֱˮһ㣬̼ء
˲ǿһɫĻ
櫲̧ͷȥ˵ֻܵͷСĵĿű𴦡
ӽһתȻⷿĽ￴һЩϤˡ
Ǹ˾Ǹһֻèһĸͷһ½һ¡
̸ɡЦŶǸڽ˵ô˴ĵΪʲô

¥µǿŸ¥棬ڸ¥ΧĴѾˣ濴Ļ
ǿ¥ĻԼ櫣˽Ļ¡
¿ĺܾнֻһ˰ڽ棬ԾҪݵĶࡣ
ǸĻ΢΢Ĳǰô󷽷һе˴ûƵĳ̲ס档
ⴰԭҲΪģǰѴΧĽ־ǰһֵնܿ
棬ǣԼƻԻ͵Ļ֡
棬գԼϸǳ˳¡
˷·ܹϵһо
ˣµһˡ
ɵЩˡ
˺һᣬϦǺϦ
ϴεǸµ
֪Ǹ˿ѾϳԽ̧ͷ
ոôһ˲䣬ҲԷ˭ĳҵһܺʵС졣
ԣЦ͵͵Ĵ˹櫶ܸоЦʱ񶯵ĸоôҲǵ
λòǣôһᣬǸô˵
΢΢һ͸о渧Դٶƺһ˲
櫡ڽϣһŵĲͷСĬ˼֣ôҲˣ
ˣӦǻġ룬Ȼĵѵ濴Ů𣿡
ǡ˰ΣǸͷ¶һ˿ײЦֻ˵˵书ԣ۹ȴĲ
ҲãŮ˾´ˣһҪһ¡
ǰǰո뵽ʱȻԱڽǰжˡ
ŵϲͷͷһһ֪˭ĺɰһʻֻһӹˣҡҡͷ
ɲҵģСȥʿ˰ɡ
õġǸĿС߹ѺɰȻߵһѯʡ
»ﱧ櫣Ŷ˾С˧磬ȻҲͦҵģԼϵıȼӰ࣬ҪȿԼboss汧ӡ
Ȼ¶ûʲô뷨ģԿ϶櫶ԻҲûʲô뷨
Ů˸һŮ˲һ˵̰İ˵̰ŵλá
һеĹ˳ǼпܵĻԥɱ˻档
ôҪ֤һˣﰵ롣
ԩͷծҪȷһ£綯ֵĵ˭ɳġ
õõĻ
ָһ櫵ͷŰޱȵ櫣ȻЦһ¡
šһЩҪ顣ûµ
ֻǡ˿ɷһأ

ƾͼ2

, ǽŵģϣΪŵĴ̸Уϣܾȶס, ʲôͻ
ûжԻ涯, ¾ͿǵӦðֶԴġϾΪһĳϿȶӵ, û裬Բǳʲô鷳
ǻͬʱӵһ, ǡǸˡ, ݸŵĳ෴
Ǹû´̼, ܲ׳ʲô
¾ǸʵǴ̼, Ǵ̼ˡ
Ǹ˶Ի˵йڻһжԼϹġƭ»Ǹɽɱ˸ˣѡ֤ݡ
Ҳ֪һ˸ͲᵱŻɽϵʱ򾿾ĻǼٵģԡ̼һ֪Ļ棬Ҳֻܴ̼¡
Ǹ˵ľ籾, ڵĻӦζӳµġ
֮ǰ˻˵ĻѡûɱɽȴĿš桱ɱôˡ
Ǹ˻߻, ֻƳƲ˵ʱ, ˹ͻ, ôҲòٻȥˡ
ԺתһȦûµ, ֪ˡôӵأ
ڻ滳ʱ, Ȼһ¡
ʵҲͦ˾ο, ܳΪĿǰĹġ
ǡһȺļһǸ˵ԵĻʱһȺҰһȻǰж˺顣
ܹסǡЦЦ, ǾͻèһĹɡ
˵Żʱ򣬻ָ˸櫣櫹èһ΢΢İͷŤ˹ȥ۾΢΢ķ
µ
ôЦЦƺش𲢲⣿
ûûСæ˵ֻ롭Ϊʲôأ
Ļ˵Ĳ岻ƺָ
ôΪʲôתͷȥһ۽ϵǣÿһ˴Ƕһֻϣ·һ־ܾ
ҪԭôӾġú󻺻Ĵ㲻ͻ㣬ǹеķӶҪҵĻһ˴ңôҲĻ
ֻǲܵġ
ģȴһֲɵϡ
һ櫵ļͷ櫵ȥԱ߶˲衣
Цһ£С죬ѵûȸ˵ʲôһֱʶ˵ġ
¡æǵģϣܹѹһ½߻ħˣΪǵ̫ˣûа취ǵ٣֣ôһоͻüһġ
ѹ߻ħˡôȻ̧ͷˡ¡
˵ĿѾ׹ˡ¡ͷ
𣿡ЦˣһΪһ֮׹ӦأϾǴ簡
ⲻһ¡̧ͷƺΪЩŭ
һԵȻڴʲôԡ
һΪСǴ˵еˣҪǺλֵµ˸ʵ飬Ҳһڹ
ֻʵ󲻵ôѡôһС֮ǰǸأ
һ㽭˵УҵĴڸвߡЦһᣬЦͺȻȻ󻺻ĵҪ˵ӡôµķӣӦûв֪ˡ
Ҫǹ¡ĵֻҪеķȫˣôĹ
ԸźôҲڰаɨһϰ
⼸֣л˵Щʱ΢΢Ķһ¡
仰ƺҲ΢΢˲
ŵĲ豭УһƻĵһСʯͷӽ˺ˮһ
¡ʲô֪һʮֹķڵϣһᣬĻ滺ĵԸŵԸ
ǹͬԸ¡̻ش
Ļ˳ϿңⱾӦ˵Ļ𣿱Ͼһĵ׺ܺãֺ˵ܹȫµķӶڹ£ǸϵһƬǾٺòˡ
氲ĿĽֵʱ˿̣Ѿվˡ¿ȴϡãͼһָһ֡
ͺϵֺһһ
һᣬ˵һ䣬ãҴӦ㡣
ոջڵϵġ¡ƺϲ͵ذͷ̧
˵仰ʲôû˵һתıס櫣ֻ֪ԼЩʲô
룬ˡ
ƺһӵĻҪ˵ջû˵ڡѾû˸¼˵˼һԱߵ˵СȥɣǵøŵȺ˰Ÿס
¡ƺ˵Щʲôܿͱ
֮ǰ櫻һϵߣȻоϵĻôһƣϸȴһЩͬ
תͷ§ڷЩɬĲ²ŽᷢʲôȴͻȻСҲҸɡ
ţˣԱߵԥһǰʳöڻûдһЩȲѡ
ҽ졭ûʲôȤ
ȻںЩãȻоղŻһʺܸߵӣǴʲôʱͻȻͱ䵭أ
ŶˣǴǸСͻȻ˵Լ֮ʼ
ڻҲ櫺Ȼִ˾
ոռװ羰ʱ򣬸պÿ¥һϤˡ
ֻҪոЩǸˣôλˡһһЩ

櫻뿪ӡ
뿪󲻾ãΧĴֱĺˡ
ոձ˸ߵġ¡Ȼֳ˽صת˼ȦĳվڶԺȾƵĻ¡
ˣС˧缱òУԻµֲǲ֪˻ķӱˣôҲʧصģ˵ͻɥʧǣ⡭
֪µĵϢǰҸǵġ

ѽһ㣬Һž𡣡קС˧ԼԱߣ˱Ƹĺȡ
С˧ȻòУҲǰԱ߸Լһơ
һߺȣһߵĻ˵ļǵķ
Ƿӣôȷʵһֵ顣
ûأ




櫱˰Žһ, ʮֵİ֮⣬ֻмŮ档
ڴ, װѾ˯, ʵڰ顣
һŵҲѾЪˣ߾Ҫֶˣʳ;ƣƯĻŮ棬Цӯӯǡ
һЩδЩҡ, ֻվЩϲͷģû˸Щϲͷǰ̫
û̫Ϊ, ǳԺȣֻ֣һֱЩ
л߬һɰ, ɰֱԼϡ
һͷûסԱߵһŮ˵, СһЦȻȻһһ뿪
ǰʧػϵһλ
ԱߵϲͷȻ˵
, ۾, ǸŮ˵ֿܱ㻹Ҫ
, ôܣ⻰Ǹͷྪһ¡
û۽ǵһ𣿡ϲͷʣҡŮֻһˣǾǻ档
ղ, ˵ɱġ
ͷ㬵֣ﳯǸŮ˵ķ˿
治ǵػĻƯ
̻Ի, ÿ˶ţĴŻڲ顣
뻨𣿡ʣ룬Ǿֻ뻨֣ԺҲһҪػĹ򡣡
ǡС˧ƺлҪ˵εĿʱҵòãʲôԾģܿܿˡ
С˧ֻεĴӦˣһһĥ÷ӱ侲顣
״ǣʵȴ;Ѳ࣬Լһ㶼ûз˵ĸоģʵûʵԸͬʱֱ侲
ջµĲ²⣬һЩӦҲ¡ֻҪ״вڷӶʱȨ
ڲȨ£ʵһԹߣ±ϾҲȨԺ
¸ûãֻиһá
У𣿡ĵĵУҸ£

ǵڶŻģʱɫЩ԰ףûϢõӣŵǿһЦݡ
ͷ
û°ɣ
ŵЩΧеĵ
ţû¡ҡҡͷ
Ŷ߹ϲ죬ЦЦ뿪ɣѾˡ
ͷ
ŵСĵĹ۲Ż£ܾûµɫѾ˵ӣֲ̫ϸʡ
һ˴ӵɻ뿪û˻벻ȥʻµôˡ

￴˿µɫȻʵͷû˯𣿡
ţתͷЦһ£ȷʵû˯Ϊš
ֲɫôá˵Ժ󣬾б߹еĵͷϢһɣطǽ㡣
áƣ˵һ䣬Ȼͱ۾
ǻصţ˳ȺȥԼƽʱסĵطʰ׼³ʱȴȻ˽ʲô
һƽ񱳾֪Ķ࣬һЩ˵бģ֪ĶҲϡ档
Сĵ֪ͷΪʲôһҹû˯𣿡
֪
˵ͷǰְһΣΪˡ
ȥĽŲһ٣ܿµĻָԼϢĵط߹ȥ
ոմӻ뿪õСĿΧѾĺۣԼ·
Щţ֮ǰ治ϣ˵һܲ뿪ԥһ£ЦŴӦˡ
ôһ˲û㱣ʼԻǷ˰²ãȻ
ܿ죬ĸ㷢Ȼ˫۵ʱԻ
ôһۣ櫾϶滹ǰġ
һۻ棬ȻԥתӴ˳ȥһֻԾĺ
櫶ĽΪһ¡ڽϿһ˶һķš
Ǹ֪ʲô˼Ծˡ
˴һʱ䣬˹ȻѾˡ΢΢ĵͷߣʣЩҪ㡣
˾˵ɡ櫹ĵ
㣬졭ºͻʱ򣬶˵ЩʲôǸʡ

ϵƣװģΪһҹû˯
û̻صţתͷȥһط
ڰٲſڵǼСһԲĿˣߵǰӣ˾վ߰ɡ
¸һСһϤڵػ
ʱ¾ԼļֵͦߵģϾǸ˵ҲͣȴܾÿһζǸ˳ʱġ
ֻ߻Ƚİһϲ࿴£
˻֮˵ЩʲôǸ˴ȤζŻ¡
΢΢ĵͷûɽķӡ
ôͬˣǸ΢΢۾
ԡ
һƬž°ĵͷ
ʵȥ֮ǰûо彻ʲôֻǶ㵱ҲŻģϣԼĳŵ
ΪһС죬Ӧֵ֪µԽ࣬ʧصĿԾԽ󡪡Ȼ鱨ǰʹ˸ǱϿƵĶˡ
ͷĴ˰ΣȻЦȻ˵ö֮ǰôûʶȻǸôݶˣ
ˡ
̧ͷҸȽϤῴ֪ʧصġ
˵仰ʱ򣬻µǳƽôһᡣ
Ǹҡҡͷˣұźúý̽أû뵽һ˾Ѿ԰ôƯˡ
۲컨ӣúù۲𣿡
۲ˡµ˵ͷ
ǲǺΪʲô飿ǸϺȻ¶һ˿ĪЦݣˣʱǲˣԼȥ¡
ʲôòµģɽϵǴУȻֻ¶ڰݻе츳ˡ΢΢ƲƲ졣
ȻԺһ˽Ǹ˵ʲô
˵ݸ¸ո˵ĲࡣǸ˹ĵ
ǾͺáǸ˵䣬ȻЦһ£ҺȻЩ̫СˣȻʱڵĻ²һ˿־塣
˵˵֮ɫǺܺãǴӦ
Ҳá˵˵ͷϲ櫣Ǿٺòˡ櫣ѻĸƭ



һֱ, ʵܾ棬ıֵһ˵¡
ӻɽ֮һֱˣ״΢һ㡣Ҳ˵ϼ仰, ˶Ǯر̰֮⣬ò˵һȽϳְĲ졣
һȥ, պþͱһ˽˹ȥ
㷲˹ȥ, ȴֽһˡ
Ҿʹȥɡ, 졣
Ҳ, ǸˣʱëëţٶҼǸƽʱѵĲͷ˵
Ǹ˵̬, ﰵҲ̫˰ɣƽʱߺģڷǰȻôʵ
ԷݲһЩ棬ȫûע⵽Ǹ˶̬Ƶ, ˳ȥһһЩͷĵ, , ֪ˡ
ǡҪȥģЩãȻĵ
Ҳûʲôطȥ, Щطһ䡣

˵ݣ¿Ϣ˳˼
, ָһϢ, ȻװʲôҲûһ￴顣
Ψһһ»ᾭڲ, ǳϲ飬ʱ¾ִǾ廪ӣϧڹŴ, ֻܴһ۵С
˻º󲻺˼ЦЦνĸÿһ·ӻµ˹ȥõ˼ϵһ顣
ͷȥ׼ʱȻ˻ŵڲйսݵ顣
ͷⱾǴõİ˹۾ĿŻ¡
ţƺûϵȥ󷵡Լе飬һ֮˵ǡ֮ǰҵһ飬ڵļ񻹿ˡ
۾ĿǱ飬ƽʱҲʲô׵رֳʲôȤ·֬Щͨͨô⣬ǿһԼϲ飬˳߲ˡ
¿һֱضⱾ飬վԥһ£֪ԼһֱţԻƢһġ
Ȼԥһ֮󣬻°ݸǾȽ㿴һɡ
ллͷ˷ܵĴӵϱתȦȦȻӹŻһϹܿˡ
̫ܵˣˣȴûжһЩ飬˵°ʱԥʱ䳤һ㣬ܿʱ򣬻¶ıӰ˺ܾá
Լӣ˷ܵİǱ̯
ŵսһֱܸȤĶкܶණǲ⴫ġ
Ȿ̯ȴķⱾƺӬͷСע
ŵ鱾˷ġЩᱻһЩǰЩעҲǺ飬ַȥ˿е⣬Ҳ˳㿴һעȻ֪λǰģ˳㿴Ҳûϵ
ﱧ鿪ʼⱾ飬һʼЩעֻĵһЩˡַҲ͹ˡ
ǵ˺ı𽥱ʼֻעĲֿʼԽˣòױŪķǱԺ
һЩעǺ׿дߵһЩʵˮƽģЩעдµһЩԡһʼûעһ£ǵ𽥵ĿʼǸעߵݸоľ
ЩдµĶǳļ࣬ȴʮֵԴսһ۾ܹŵЩĵطעȼʾһ͸
Ǹעֻ֮ЩעΪϵŦǹƾЩ֣ʹ¹ճעߵ
ӦһλѧʶԨ˼ʮˡ
һˡͬһ
ԭڼˡĿûʲô̫ȤĪľͱü
ҲڻһֱǳˣһĬĬŵġ
Ǹ˾أ

ףǲһ鰡ɨŮֵʵ
Ǹ֮ǰȥĲװĶǸʽĹ±أԼϵĸؼ
ɨŮǲʶֵģ
ɻԺԱߵһŮνĵ˾ȥǱҲ˰ɡ
òø˻㱨һ£
ã֮ǰмҲǡһ㼸Ժ󻪴˰꣬ͻֱûˡǸŮĵ
ÿ춼Ǹ˵ļල¿˵
˹ǰ㲻ҪɱôǸЦʡ
һϣԵĵǾͿǸ˹Ӻòÿ˵Ļò˵Ļҵ⣬һԿǷ
Ǹ˻µĻشЦ°ȻϿûһ֮ò˵ʵ滹رˡ
ƨǻ棬κɱֵĺðɡĬĬķ˸ۡ
ǸЦһͱֵЩˣʶȤվ˳ȥûٸ˴
˵ƺã²һֱˣʱ任
֪٣³ȥԺһ߹
¿ǽڣĵҸ˲졣
ͬһ˵£ôأǸζĿŻµ
ͬһ˵£ôҸҲӦǷǳģܿϧ¿ǸЦ
ԭҲЦŵģ˻仰ɫһ£ǿѹ˻ͷ˵㣬ֻͷСĵΪ
Ŀڿڵ˵ˣȥǱһЩ鱨ءӦòܾɣ
΢΢ü
ô˵ģ
ǻм١Ǹ˵ͷڻµĶ˵ǽ϶ҡֻϧ֪һʵ˵Ļ£ڼԼ϶ʲô顣
ϱ϶ҵ˶ˣҲȱһµҡܹý˳Կʵͦĵġ
ǸЦŽǸ˲ˣ࣬û뵽˳̵Ļ¶񡣡
Цʱһֱ˳Լͷƺ˵Ļ⡣
ǸЦһֺ֮Ȼͣˣȥܿĵģңﲻֹǽᷳбᷳˡ

ðͷߵʱִ˸кתͷ˸ոոǲһۡ
ôǸ˺氡ˣԺлʶġ
˵ͷûж˵ʲôǻŸոǸȥӰ
ⲻȥǵĵǸ

֪

һֱĵ, ԼֱӱϳȥˣһֱӦûᷢиСڸʱ͵͵۲µġ
˵ǸرĴ, ΣĹͷ˵ҲǼٵġ
֪ԼЩ䵽˭ƫƫڡ
ҵ̵ʱ
¥һɱ, Ҳǽζɱ˵ˡ
ɱ뵽ʲôز
ڻǰ, æɱ
ֻºһֱû, Ͼ˶˵ֻһ΢ˣǽȴѾ̲ˡ
ۿԼҪҵˣȴѱ, Ҳ֪Ǽ˵»ǲҵ¡
֪ڲ¥, ƺȥ꿪ʼ˾ͻȻʧ˼һ
ȥˣ

ĥǸ˵˼, ûи㶮˵ġﻹбᷳˡʲô˼ȷʵл
ղǸǰ͸¶˼Ϣ, һҪҪԽ, ֵĶ, ǻԼ
Щ벻, ΪʲôԼѵĹ, ǻҪԽ, ǲû׼Źӡ
ؽΣ, һʱҲ벻ʲôõķ
ڲһ߿һ飬Ȼ俴Ǳߵű򿪣һ΢Щ͵Ů˽
ʶһ㶣Ϊһǲ, Ů˾ǽԼһʶŮ˵ıӦúվº͵Ķá
ˣǸ΢Щ͵Ů˿һۻ֮΢Щмĵ
£¿߽һˣƺŮû޵ӣֻ˵ǧҪС˶˵츳ء
˵۹⡭ˡЩʱܹͬŮ˿Żµ
Ҳڹ۲ŮˣŮʮǰһһرƯŮˣȻЩͣҲڷ̴һ֡
֪ΪʲôŮʡ
˾áȻܹѽ̵ɹôٶһӦҲڻ¡ԱߵЦ
΢΢˶䡣
Ů˿ۻ£ҡҡͷɲͬ˵ûнɱ
°ĿŮˣһᣬȻŮ¶һ΢ЦûжŮ˵Ļʲô
ҪҾƷŮ˺Ȼתһ»磬ܱǸǻȥұ˰ɡ
˵ţ뿪ͷҲûءվ氲ĿŮȥ˺һԱߵˣŮ˭
ǰֵµһˣ뿪ˡԱߵǸЩ˼ĶԻЦ֪ˡﲻһġ
¿ǸŮȥıӰո˵ЩȻ͸ֳһ˵Ӱ
״¥ʱǸ
ǸʵɵأʱǸпҲǱһ˸ɹģƭһ˶ѡ
ղŵŮˡĪǾǽġ
ʲôʡ
̡

»صţȥֱ˽
Ȼ˵ĹϵǳáϾͬһ˵µģԼʹˡ񡱣ЩҲòһ
Щŵ˶֪˵ڲһЩСҲʲôʵ£κλºͽǸ̫Դ󲿷˶ѡӶ
¸ոƿŵʱ򣬾ͺȻһϤվ
һ¡
Ŷˡתͷȥ̲˵һ䣬ĻͦʱȻһҾ͵ȥˡʶһ£λǷӡ
վһ𾪵ĿŻ£òܵľŲȻСڷ߻վһʮСӡ
ӣ¹ţ˽
ʼһκ󣬾һֱرĵŽڴԽһ¡
ӦûŴһʱ䣬ҪʱĻͰæչһ£ϾҾöλĹϵӦҲѾͦˡЦŶԻµ˽ȴ˻µúдţλ湫Ӹ硣
ЩĪЦܾýո˵ֲǷСǹϵͦ족ʲôġѵ֪ġʹ¡
ˣְˣЩȽϸ߼һĵӦѾˡºȻ뵽һ硣
˽ӲĲУѾϳ˶˾Ǹ¡һμһôͻȻ£ﻹһƬµġ
ڻɽϷЩ¸Ժͱ˶Էһš
㡭ôˣһ֮󣬷Ȼĳôһ䡣
ţͷת¿һۻ£ˣ
ûС˲ϣֻɽϵʱЩ
ŶǾͺá˵ͷһ£ţȥȥͻ
ߵʱ򣬻һӰȵȣȸңס
ûȽ˭𣿡Żգգ۾ȻȻӦ˹ŶˣҲˣ˼ʱǸġ
˵ûͷûԵĻ֮ߵˣֻʣ»һվ
ڽ֮󣬿ŻĪĴһµңҡȥʰ㣬ģ
˵ţæ˳ȥѶĸɸһС
Ż£һĸо
˵ˡ֮ȻͬһңҪֱĽడ
ûСôģϣȻ֮ǰǸ˵ġᡱ˭ˡ
ԭǷ
˳˼ڽӹСӵݹһ裬Źɽ˵Ǿ仰úÿ÷
˵Ҳ֪ЩʲôŻĸǾ仰
Ǹ˾ġӸ硱ˣǸġˡݺġҲ˰ɡ
ѹƢôԭ˼΢˽á
ŸոշȥıӰнЦĻ²пܷŵıﲢû˵ʵ
Ϊʲôô£ΪıҲû˵ʵ
ɽ̫࣬˵Ҳ̫࣬»ɽһαǸ˵°дģûпݡ
˵ǻͬӪˣ˵ܾǻδҪЧ
²ʲô֮ĻôӦЧ˵ġ
ֶΰ뵽ֲɽϵʱǸд籾ȴƫƫҪ÷ôһ
һһǵһֱӻ˻¸ľ룬ڿŷﻹԼĲ
Ǵλɽ֮ã˰ŵһʵ˵ǸˡļƻΪû¸Сһ¸飬˳ĸԷģۿһҲ˿ա
ºȻЦӡĳ˵ǡɵ𡱵Ĺһ㰡
µãûǸ˵ԸҲûĵλҲ̫ߵġ
ԣѵ˳ɶˡ



Դ쿴֮˵ĺ, ʵϽĺü죬˶û档
Դ΢һ㣬̶ȻɻΪʲôû, صš
̫࣬ȻԴЩɻ󣬵Ҳֻɻ, û˼ȥʱˡ
˷֮;, ȥǸ˵ʱ·ܾÿһЦﶼ⡣
Ҳֵͦģ˾Ȼûжʲô, ΪһҪϾɱġ
û뵽Ƿ֮ԷŹ, Ҷһֱһֶ̬ȣҪΪΪڱͱԺ, ־
ʱ˷Сռ鱨ǾҵҵǸռ鱨
˹治ǱڽĴ, ÿο鱨ʱ򶼻ﲻͣظֵֵ̫̫ˣƾô鱨, ʮҲԸ⡣
Ȼ濴ҲǳеĶֱ˵ǲֵһᡣһҲ֪, ˸ĶѾ㲻ʲôܡ, »ɺ𺳡
Ҳ˵鱨šٶȷǳֲ, ˿ûԻôʱıƸ
һθǸ˼ʱǸ˻ʶĶԹ̫ˣ֮ǰһЩˡ֮ǰصĶܺš
¶˹˵, ۲˺ܾãȷֻһᡣ
ŵٶʮֵĿ죬ѾýϵĴ󲿷˶¡
ƴ漷ò˵ڴ󲿷ֵķ˵һԶԱȽϺõľסģ̬Ƚϸ䣬ЩҲûлᣬڣеķӶ뼷һˡ
֮ǰΪӦԼԻƽǸѣڻģĸһھ֡طԴ齨ԺҲûнɢںıһ֯
ڲʱʱһЩӻµģڲҲҪһЩ**ȺʦһʼѹЩӣ࣬ͻĿʼӵ
ģ滹ĶһС͵ھ֣ģġڼ˻󣬻˳ǰæܸոռ뻨ǡ
ЩڻڲϴһߡɽЩðɻһ
ͿԿóЩˡѾСˣȻҲѡαװЩˡ
»һЩ˵УǲЩ˾ʹ˻󣬶ȴȻֻ֪ǻڵһСˡ
ھּϻ鲼ڸص鱨ţȻģһŴΪҵ¥غϣԻռһ¥ҵ
ʶµʱĪֻصĸо״еļ䣬ָ״¥¥Ի΢һ»һЩԵĵ
Ȼ󡭡ĿǰԽϵĳһС˵¥ҵѾȫ򲻹ˡ
һµ顪Ǿ¥ʵһֻ֯Ǹֵµһ֯еһжǸˡ
¥ʢɱ֯˵رϡƽ»й¥ĺܶ༫ܵϢ
ʵӡ¥ܿһ˿ߣÿɱֶᱻһöӣʹ¥¥õĶһöӡ
¥һ̣¥Ҳ֣ô˭أ
Ǹ˱֪жҲ֪˶꣬Ū¥ôһȻ
Ҳ£ΪֵҲһƵϸƺûʲôϵʵȴε
Ǿǻׯ
ׯÿ½һξۻĴͳѾȥˡżһȫİݽȥһׯѾ˷ķӣǰﵱһεģԻཻºƷĳ
½Ҳ˻ׯݺܶأԻݻŮģԻͷġ
ǷǽϢһطڻԱߵһϲͷ˵˵һŮ˴ģϢҪö
ǡǲᱻְɣԱߵһСʵ
ȺĿ۾涼һССĺ룬űϵģαװɷӵġ
ȺҲڿʼ̤
Ҫ¡°οЩ˵ʲôһᱣǵġ
ͷǰط𣿡ʻ¡
ԥһûС
˵仰Լϵĵıˡ
ҪһԼСǡ¿ȺСǾЦ
ȻյǰʣͷⱾҿˣ㣬һ𣿡
԰ʲô£¿
һ£֮ǰ˭Ȿ𣿡ʡ
գգ۾ҾĲˣⱾ鱻Ĵʵ̫ˡ
ĺܶԲ鷳ˡ΢΢ЩʧòĶԻµл
¿ıҲĬĬҡҡͷ
Сȷʵͦģϧ̫ļһ㡣
ׯɻְײҲҵĸоǰʱոȥֱЩ̫Ӧ޴Ժ󣬸ЩƺһȺ졣
𽥵İΧЩǵ˵ķ˵ĿĻˣĻ⣬Ҳ󲿷ֶйڻġ
Ҫȥ˵ƴˡ
ʶȥˣܾȥûʲô˼ڲĹ̫࣬Ҳ̫ˡ
ǻ浽ҲûʧأʱҲ̫ˣ˵ʱܿ˵ʲô
ǡ̸棿СĵΧЩ˵̸治ǰʱȥǸôôķأ
ܾЩֵֹģΪһ˵һͻȻֵ˵ĹģһǸôעķӣӦǼҪ飬ǻ»ߵϲͷʵʵ
ȼɭϣһȺ˾پ֣ҲûʲôԶɡ
ֻѹԼеĹ죬š
˵طҪö鱨ԱߵһԾԾԵĵǶʲô𣿡
𣿡һͳԼĺɰϣص
ǲеģﲢǺϲֶǸϲһЩصĶЦ˵һ䡣
תͷһۻ£Ȼ֣˵һΪʲôǶϤӡ
ׯԺ󣬿˿ԱߵǸɰȻֳһµЦݣȻ˼ǰͰˣϢģѻǶŴˡ
Ǵʲôھ֮࣬ĿǸɫҰ׵Ůߵһǰ
򶨵ӿڴͳһ֧رɵһ˹ȥ
鷳һӣȻٸҶЩƷͲллһȺŵƽĵ

ج

һȸղźúܶ, Ա߷ƷͲˮ
ԱߵһŻ£װȻ֪ӡһûסʣͷ, 㲻˵û𣿡
ȷʵûµЦԻݡ
㡭
ˣԱ߸ղһֱûϲͷȻ俪ڵ
°Ϊһͷ, ƢٺãԼֵµסҲȽѿˡ
ԱߵЩֵŻ£Ҳջ, ĲͷЩıҲʲôֵ¡ʹǸǻ¡
ׯɻǸɭɭӣڵһС˵̼ͦġڻ˵, ̼Ҳûʲôˡ
Ҳ۲Χ, һ˵ȫȻİĵطǼˡĿһӶطԵ
ϡŹֵķ, Ϊ˱Ƚϵ粨ԭԿӵʱҲô¡
÷ǻһó˵辺֦Ҷ˷չţȻȥһЩҪңӣ㲻˵ǲһ
ڹ۲ӵʱͬһ¸ղŻµǸٶͷ˵ԼûһҲŵġ
һֱû·ǳʹںܶ, һЦ
ȷһЩ˵ľٶ
֣Ϊʲôŵ˶ûжЩٶʲôأƵ롣
ƺΪ±̫̹˶ЩֵҲ
֮󣬾һֱţҲûвʲôƷϢĽ¥ϰĿ治ʱΥ˱ϳȥԽȺŵСɫԽĲ԰ס
վûʲôׯЩҲûжǶ֡Ƿǵûг֣뿪ʱҲǹġ
ߵʱΧзۣԸɽ˻ǻׯֵطȽʺңһжںڰ档
ķвٶͷģ˵ѾϰںڰˣǲԸȥΪĻ档
ţǾĪ¶һ˿΢Ц
Щڽ̸ŵķǿһӶ벻ׯͻͬһˡ
ǸһԼ¥Լʵȫģƫƫͬһˡ
˵ЩŵС԰ķǻģϾվûӹ
żȻͷͿЦݣɻҲˣߵЦּһ㡣
͵һͷϾ˼Ƥ
ˡʱֲֿܵĸоһֻӰĶһ
ͷǸոտʲôʶΪ̫ϣ˿ݣҪʱαװһ£ԲͻȻ¶Цݵ롣
ЩСһˣ¸һֱߵǸϲͷͬһ
˼žһĴ󳵣ȴûһ
˺ܾã²ŵĵһ·ӦҲѾ˰ɣ
Ǵ˽ҵ񡣡ǸϲͷһûУǫѷ˵
˺ȻǵʱǸ￴ϲͷ

㿴ʲôûУʡ
õǸǻĶɣԥһ
ԣ֮ǰҵġµ˵ͷ
ϲͷûеûȥʻΪʲôֻʣǸ
뿴˿ʲôķӦЦŶϲͷ̶һζòƱĻҪ󡣡
Ϊ󣬶ǸǳҪϲͷĬһʱ˵ʲô
˵ˡµĵ
ϲͷ΢ɲͣһ룬ȻýׯЩˡûаҴϳ˻أ

ϲͷĬ˺ܾãŻĵΣգҲпܻᱻ淢֡ϣһβҪټˡ
Σνĵңôġ
֮˱˴ĬȻĻţ³ԺϲͷŻ΢΢˵ͷȻ뿪
¶ڶŪϲͷһҲûУ˻ȥ͸øǸ˴СˣһֱߣҲҪܹˡ
ȽϸȤǸˣȻֻǸƽ֮ǰԷҲûκ˽ĺӣһЩȴ
¶ŮһЩ뷨ϾĺҲܹҵġ
Ҳ֪ܲһδε̽淢ֻأ

ҹȥ˯һҹȻ˹ͷȫ亹
һΣȥʱĻ档
ʱԶԶĿ˻ˣ˾ͬеһһˣȴӵž˵ò
ǵǸֻ֣Ĵ棬޳ϸǻ֦
˻عͷƺЦһ£һƬģʲôҲ壬ȴȻ䱻ѣȻƴĴŴ
šͻȻʲôԺ˵
ԣԲ𡣡Щε˵
Լĸ첲棬ȫļƤ
ƿСĵĿһ棬ѾˣҲʼˡ˴·׼ȥһ壬˳ƽһԼجŵ顣
ϻûһˣΪû춼ûƽ顣
֪ĳǱ˹ȥȻ·ϼһˡ
ǰһСæǼҵĵһЩ͵ĴЦŶԻµ鷳ˣãӽȥˣز
û£·˳Ͱһѡ²˰ѺЦ˵
˹ĿŬ׶Ļ£֪ΪʲôոյͳͺȻһ㡣
¿ҲЦһ£ô
㲻Ҳ𡣡
ͷڴҵһֱһر̤ʵˣϰ·˳æͷǳܹģ룬ɴҲæ
һæһ죬Ա߿һᣬȻЦŽݲȥˡ
˻һЩ֮ǰЩ⣬ϵǣ¾Ȼȫ˳˵ľ
ͷȻһ˰ʶĸп仰󣬲֪ô͡һЦ˳
Цʲô˵𣿡ɻĵ
ûУûСŬԼߵЦ⣬̲סһЩȣǡ֮⣬ô˵ҡ
𣿡ﲻ֪ΪʲôҲЦ
̫ˣ˲һһ߻šøǳʳһһֱ벻⣬ͷ˵ΪʲôЩԽԽأ
ߵЦݲ֪ΪʲôĪĵ
ͷ￴Żµı飬ĪЩš
ɱˡЩǱøɣձľɱˡ
ĺȻסˡ
СƹҪСŶºȻЦգգ۾ҪʱעԼҪ⿪ɱ䡣
¶һζЦݣϾԺ󡭡Ǻ鷳ġ

ü

ԴڽԺ, ͷ˶ڷӻǱȱҪ˽ĸһġ
Ϊ˵Ǿ仰ʱʮֵĸӡֱ治ǻľʲôȴûӦʮϵġ
ȻôĪһ仰ȷʵе֣Ҳǲ֪ôˡ
л˻, ȻͰѻµǾ仰ѹ

ʱҲĹȥ, ¸Լֵµദʱ𽥱䳤һʼֵµЩ˻˶Щ΢, 㣬һ¹ȥԺǷֻ¾ȻҲûгֹʲôĲǽҲôȶ
Ҳ˳, µȷˢӵģϾȺ˶ǸбүС, ܹѹסǣûʲô, Ҳ֤ˡ
һֱΪƵģŵĲ֮Ҳһر, ½Ҳܴӱˡ
ǶԻµһ㶼, ƢõĲͷʲô飬Ϳˣʱ䶼˵ġ
뻪ԽԽõ෴, ѾԽԽ, Ҳһɡ
е˵ͻȻʼôģˣһǱĳֲɸ˵ĿģҲ˵ֻѪѣϾֱҲûʲôļ
Ҳһֱڹ۲״е״ȷʵеһ, ״вĳôӦǲκθоġ
״Դӻ¿ʼļƻԺҲϬһ㣬ҲûĿȨûĪִԼ·𿴼һֻ겻ϲ˵èͻȻ䶮˵һ
Ҳʹ»浽ô£¸洫ʱǱܿˣʣ櫵ġ
ŵʻʱҲֻǵͷһе㱯˵˵Ҳ̫
µı鿴൱ŵ˼״Ҳǹοû£˵ֻǻҪʲôأվҲֻһϵģʲôҲܲˡ
µͷ״ǳıԼݼŨŨ̲ζֱԸɵһеԱˡ
ĿǰЩ棬Ψһһ׻ΪʲôȻŵģҲֻǸˡҲڲ²⣬ΪʲôͻȻôأ
²£۽
ôܲµĳûĵ
Դڻϼһ֮󣬹ϵĪúϱ˵Ĺϵôã˵ֻǵϵⱲӣƺżҲ˵һЩȽܵˡ
һֱûм棬ҲȥģȻʣǸѡڸʲô
˭֪ڸʲôһֱصģҲ㲻ȥġ
˵仰ʱĪĶһ˿ĸо˳ϵʲôôʱЩأ

ĬһҲûʲôֻϴҪȥȴ߶˺ܶڰˡ
Ѿ˴𣿡ĵһ˵һٵ߶Ҳûʲôֵİɡ
ûô򵥵ġҡҡͷߵĳ󡭡
˵һ䣬ȻҡҡͷϣҶˡ
²֪ڵ飬ʵġ
һЩ֮ǰ벻׵飬ڼȫӭж⣬ϱ״е򣬻ижʲôɫ
ѾȫϱӽߵĽɫǸΪʲôһĽɫҲȽˡ
Ҫľ磬ָǱһЩ˼飬Щ֤һǵˡġ
ϱǰûз̫ʱ򣬽ֱӶ֣衣ǽŻôҵӡ
˵ĴҲûбö٣ΪǸһҲڱ
ºôҲ״еļˣǸ˵ֵҪʱʱ̿Сģ͸˵һֱǸƤӵµĽˡ
ǸʱĽûǵȥɱʱ򣬶Ƿӡ
һ״еռҪλõˣⱲҲͬһ
櫡
Ƕ֪˶һİŮˣǸŮϲһɫ·һžա
żŸŵʱ򣬾ͻ櫹ǲ̫С˧ֹģǺ±ĳֲڵñӣǺ櫿ʲô
Ů񵽿£һСܱ֡
ʱ§櫵ʱ;Ǻ氡˵ϱ״ǧһЦôҲǸ˾˧磬Ҳá
§һӣһһӰӣҵרųʱʱϰ˰˸СʱûΪרżӸʲôġ
ˣˡ
櫵ûκβЩӶ˵һһʱ㲻龿ôġ
ʱҹվڸ߸ߵĸ¥棬ÿһɫôƯΧĵƹٰһ㣬Ǿһˡ
ĹȻϲ
Ȼû׿˵ÿһ۾˶ܿóƯıʯ·һжõġ
֪һǿҲˣƺȱŮˣȷǲһģΪû
һŮԵ
֮ǰû˵**ǻ᲻ϵ͵ģ˵ڴ֮ǰģڣĪҪࡣ
ǻѹģʱҲȻξѹʱǡǸˡʱ
ϲ𣿡Ķʵ
컨̻涼˻õ塣
õ屾Ƿǳģǻƴ֣Ӳôõ忪˻档
Щ񡣡櫵
櫿һ֧˵仰ʱõĴ̺Ȼ͸ָѪ
ƺҲû뵽õָƣԵͷĿѪΡ
櫺ȻͷڸסԼ۾ľš
һܿ͸ĵˡ
ߣѾο˵Էʲôˡ
˵һ˲᲻֪һùȴƫƫ
𶯡櫵ͷʱȴȻ°Ͱͷ̧㵵ĿŶԷ
ȥİԼȾѪָ櫵Ķͷ룬ڴ㵵һССģ޵ü롣
ͺÿˡȻЦ

˾֪

, ӳܻҪһ񡣡ļʱ߹һ˶˵
, ֪ˡµ˵ͷ
Ǹת뿪, ֪˵Ǹ񡱾ʲô
Ӧȥˡ
ʵ˵ز, ڻ˵ѾûʲôˡǱߵǻҪ, Ի¾ǴӦ
¥ǱߵѾϱ, ϱ¥¥¥Żɽ֯, ¥ҵѾѹһ֡
׹Ҳûϱӵһô󣬲Ϊ˴ֵġԼһǸ˵ĻǸ˵׹۸档
׹ۻûмģ俴һҲ벻ˡ
, ʡʲô𣿡Цſվˡ
ġǸ˵Ƶ, ɴ档
װһ֪ӣִһͳһݸ𣿴ǰԤ, Ժͽ㡣
, лл˵
»Ժ, Աߵһ˶ôͻȻͳȥˣǸ˿, һ˵ȥô죿
˵𣿡Цҡҡͷģһһڷϵˡ
ô֪
šġ
˵˾ͿǸ˲ͬĿ, ЦЦûж˵ʲô
Ͼϱѹ¶û¶һ˿ܵԣǿǸǳĽɫôܻ˵©أ
Цҡҡͷûм˵ȥҲûں˿ʱֲˬ۹⡣
Ǹֵкܶ˶ˬȴһֱĺúõģΪǸ˷ǳϲ£Ի̻µһЩСС԰ɡ
Դèϲ

½ɴ·ȥϹ䣬ɹĸɵ¥ɱ֣ļëƤС£ȻһݣϣĵĻ˰ٲá
ҹҲûеط·⸽ûʲôˣɴﵽٲٻͺˣԾʹһ·˰ٲõΧǽ
·ջһ룬Ȼ˷ŵ
ˣˣһ£˭һϵŴһߺЩĪģŵֱ䣬߹ȥţȻһ˳˽
ۣ²ʵۿۻ£æɨһȦ֪Ϊʲô¾Ϊеӡ
ôˣʡ
ҡڿ֮Ҳһ£Ȼʣղšһ𣿡
ԣһˡºǸ˵ڸţȻʲôЦһ£ôˣΪұʲô˸𣿲õңһǻ书ġ
ҡԥĵǿˣԲ𡣡
û£û¡Цҡҡͷ
Ű뿪Ժ˵СôôأëëģͳˣҲ֪Ǵôˡ
ٲ滹ȽƽżҲڸֵطһЩš˻ãƺһЩ
컪»ԺװʲôûзһԷͿԼǰѽﾲĿ
µ˯}ûţСҲֱȥʲôҲֻ˫ɫ۾Ŀ㣬оĻš
С걾ֻǻ¾ÿ־ģڲ֪ʲôʱ򣬺ȻȴѾ񾲾ĿŻˡ
ôˣӲͷƤʡ
˻һᣬȻҷǺ۵ӡ
𣿡²һ¡
ֿ˻һᣬͷˣʲôҲû˵
ʲôҲֻЦװɵʱŵˣ˿æŵЩ˳š
ϣĲ˲ԼĽ
»ĴǱ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬֣ºѾǰʲô˵ˡ
Ц¶һ˿ԵĳĬٲΧҲ᲻¶һЩİ˵ϢЩ˶Ǹ֣ҸǰЩڰ͵Ů˲һ
΢΢̾һȥ˶档ڣﷴǳΪΨһһ΢ܹһһϤϢĵط
´Ӱٲ˳ͷ亹˵Сôôûзʲô
ٲŵЩǣǵĹϵҲˣʲôͿԻ˵ЦһЦ
˵ʵ¸ǵҲ˶١
ҲȺ˺棬ҲǺ˵ͷһֱһҽ浱ѧͽģ֮ŷ֣ԭͷһֱסĵط
ͻȻҸʲôεЦŵȺͻİЦŵͷ˵ԷرϤԾ͹ˣ
ҪʲôУ˭ҶԷӺϤģºĵ
֮󣬷ڳȫֻЦȴûһ˵˳ǵһſ˵ͷ΢Щŵ
˵ôû¾ʹأԭ¿СͷЦŶԭҥ
ûʲô˼⻰ҲûвֻߺҲǹ˵ġ׻׳ġ
ĻġΧЦ˵ͷǾֻһˡ
˭Цſǡ
ͷܺúýһ𣿡
ֵʱһ£̶̧ͷǣ

ЩǻǰСӣԴϴڻֿǸԺȻȻľͶԻŨȤ˵˺ܶйԺ
ôĺӱͻǿкǿȤһ滹һߣڡĿǽӴĶ࣬Ը˵治ٵ¼
ͷ˵һŮˣ𣿡һصĴյ˻µĶʡ
ⶼģһʡ
ŵĴҶ˵кĵĶԻµҪ˵Ӣѹ˹ء
ϵǸŮǲϴȥֵʱǸԱи˴չصʡ
ԭʵľ°¿Цõĵ˼ҵ˽£֪
СǼŵǱŻ£֪ԼԸǶѣˣȥʱˣܻʳġ
˵ȺСӣǲҪ鰡εĵ
ĪϱϲԵ飬ƺʱҲǽ˾֪ÿ˶˽ţ̽ţ̽Ϊ١
ںεȵơ
һǸ˸ʲô롣
࡭ҲƭһЩ˰ɡ

Ⱦ

ڻֵˡ
˻»Сǰȥһ, ΪĵطʵҲǻĹϽΧ뻨ֺ̧ܽͷͿԿֵڡ
ʱ, ѾΧ, ǵŶ档
ÿÿһ¡һ, һ߶Χ˵, ΢һ, Ҫʬ棡
ǿм˽ͷϵɴ㱻, һ˲䣬ҲƲסӿһɶĵĸо
Ǿʬʮֵҡ
ΧȺֵ˾Ȼܼ, Ȼ⸽ǻ֣ﻹвٷӡ
ĸомƺܵ˴̼, ɱ΢ǣۿǾĿʼŵͷĿǸȥˡ
Ǹͨˡڵߵı˵˵ϲߺȾˣǰϳȥ֮˾һֱûȥ
üѾ˵ĵط, Ϊϰôֲ, ԽĻûôˡ
ȥĵطⱻΧҲոպþڻֽŵĵط˭һܿĵ
ǻ˸ɵİɣ»Ժ󣬾ΧĲСĽš
Ҳ˵׼Ǳ߷ô࡭
͹ֵֹ, ˵Ǹ˻᲻ɱģ
ЩǶ˽˵ÿһ仰˻µĶ
ǰʱոҪˣû뵽תͷ߾ˡ
ȥӻǸ˵۾ֱֱգ˵ľ֡
ǻ
̫ˣȻһֱѹֵµȺǣһĳʲô£ҲпܲϾһֱǸ˵Ƥӵ¡
˼ôʬڻſڣûֵܹأ
һ²⣬²ǽΨһԭ
ȥ˷ݵɾ·˷ڵĵطʱһҲֻǵ˵ֻͶġ
ǰС͵͵һݶͷԶһ֪СĬİѶ¡
ϻ¾õԼҪĽۡ

õĽĻ³һ
ϰϷˡ
òôĸɴ䣬翴˻ѪŸɾӾһ˿ԤУϾôб飬ʹһķҲɲ
ǽǸ˵׼ڻˡ
ôص飬ڻСԭϸ滹ںĹϵҲܶԻʲô֣ͬʱҲܾܾϽһЩѲ顣
¸ԼСӵڽϣСӵЩڻֳԺҲЩ̫Ը⵽ˡЩʼԼΪʲôҪµ¡
Щ˴󲿷ֶйϵ߽ģڼȻҲ뷽跨ҪߣģǼûϵˡ
Ϊ֪ԼҲ߲ˡ
˵ʱ򣬾ƺ˵˵Ϊʲôͷֵ´Ķˡûİɡ
Ϲ˵ˡԱһ˵˶Ը᲻֪ϢҲ»ͷӦǱ˰ģڣԲŻһš
˵ôôùƫƫأ
±ȥģ⼸仰ַ˽š
ʵǸһ޷ҲΪԭ򣬵ʵһĿġѻֱӼܿա
˸˻ºܸߵȨȴֲ̫ʵȨŻôһˡ¹ƾˣҲû취Լ
º޲ֱȥ˻ϼϵġԭǳĽֵϣɱԺȷǱࡣ
ֵطڷʱһʲôһðˣŨŨĹɭоͲԾ͸¶˳
µҲûǿȱԵϿǼɢɢԺ󷴵Цһµģǵ˾ȻĻҪһ㡣
ͷк
û뵽˾Ȼô٣ȷЩϡ
Ǽ⣬ǸǸڻ±ϲͷսӦǻġ
ǵҲأ⻨֮Ѳ߶ѡĵ׼˲ˮ۵ʱ¥ЪϢһᡣ
¸ǸϲͷһᣬȻһ˽ס˻£ĵĸ¥һ
תͷһϲͷղϲͷŻգۣǻ¾͸¥
ڽϰţ˶ܲ˽ϵİԼ¥ȥȲˡϿҲûʲôֵ̫ĵطǾĬǰȫġ
Ψһһ۵ĻһһѲߵģҲֻʣһˡ
һѲһԼ飬ƺв˶Ϊ˾ǻԼɱģɾǻһЩٶƺڳˡ
ڻˣҲûʲôԵϾĲʶҲôϲŵڱ˵Щ
ôҲǺ໥һˣڹϵûжϣôǵصĶأ
Լ뷨Щ棬Ҳַӣһ᲻ģĪĲ
ҲΪˣѲֵʱ˾ľҪĸоԣԼҲʲôԵģҲ֪ˡ
һûһڽţȻߵһرֵСƹԡ
СƹݸĵطȼֱرֶģȴֵĲУʹվ棬Ҳ˵ĻЦ
ں棬̽ͷȥһۣϴŵŵ·Ϊڻϲ˴ϳʲôֵ˵ġ
ƿ̽ȥһԴƹĻЦȻȫʧˡ
һ
ůͺ͵ģľһ־㣬濴ƯŮˣƺ̸졣
һŮһãﵯš
Сƹװ޲öôľ£Ա߻ũҲŻõС¯صװϸƷȴܷﴦ͸¶һ־֮ĸо
һһů¯ԣԱ߻žơϻŰߣҲ߿˹
ԲˡڽӲѾʶ˷ʲô飬ϵİԴһҪŤͷߡ
һΨһ뷨ܵͷȥ֪Ϊʲôͷʱһܻס
˭˭ҵСһСĴ˽ſվŵһλϰģŮЦţָ°͡
ΧŮ˼״׷׷һЦ
ﵱʱļƤˡ
ŵҪͷʱȴȻǸ˵ĵ粽ˣֻǸһС·ĺӶѡ
ְС̧ͷ
ɣȱưɡǸ˵粽ҵ¾Ƹ



ΡΡ, Ⱥ˭Ʋ磬Ǹ˷Ժȴʵʵġ
Ҳ֪ԼôĪȻ󰲾ĺϾˡʵ˵ƺζʵͦġ
ЩѲ𣿡Դ淢Ժ, Ҳûж֡иŮЦſҲֻô, 㿴, ȥЪϢˡ
ĬĬ²˵֪Ż, ҲһĻȥϢ, Բ˵һ仰
ǸӦþǻ, ͵͵Ŀ˺üۣȷһ㡣ʵ컨Ӹƽʱûʲô, ϵ߾Ϳϳ, ֵֻطԵһЩΥ͡
Ҳ˵ЩطʲôõģֻȻ΢ӵһ㡣
ţ޳, С¯ԱߺȾƾӵĻ
ĬĬĿһ۶ĳͷǸ˵Ľ
սŲ𣿡˼ʱԱߺȻһ˵ʵ˲ļƤð˳̲סıֱֱĵ, ǡ
ôšĿеһ㲻ͬ, һơսҪעǻһģľͺˡ
仰Īĸое֣˺Ϥӣڶ˵ĻȰοһĸо˵˻ôţȷʵִ
Сƹʲôûз, Ҳôһֱžƣż˵һỰʱĵ˰졣
ǻϵ̫أﶼΪԼڸھӼҵһͨˡ˵ĸоʮֵºͣ˵ӡ
ͨķĲ֮ͬＸϷֲһ˿ŰϢ
ʵֵͦģҲȫȻûоĵģһ˾ûǸº͵⡭ʲôûиܳ
ʱ򣬾ƹҪˣϰ￪ʼʰӣĹҲ׷׼뿪
ҲʶԼӦҪߵʱˡתҪȥлͿһ˾һߺžһ˵úõţЩòͲҪȥ̽飬ΪڵѾΣˡ
˵⻰ƺĵģ۾һֱŴ⣬ȴȻһ飬ֱֱĿʣ㡭
ô֪ģ
ȷʵڽһЩΣյ飬³ⱾӦòе֪
ͻȻ˽гŵǸǳ㤵飬һαŵˡ¶İϿκֻ˵һ΢ѡ
һᣬʲôƵģ͵Сƹݣ˴ϡ
ģΪѾǰˣΧ˶Ѿ׼ȥ˯ˡվڽϷ侲Զ̫ҲˣΧࡣ
ججڽֵϣ˱˶ڻۡӱ˵һǳµˣĿ֮һʲôֻҪһۣܹ˵Ǽ£ͷ·ǰûκεһ
ǰֻǸŵ˵ѣû뵽Լһѡ
ڽ˰죬ŵЩͬڵλáѾȫˣ˿һ䣬ϣѲˣʲôû
ûûСҡҡͷ
´αˣ¥ϴšͬЦ˵
ﺬӦһ£һῴ´ӽֵͷ˹ϵıҲЩԺģ۾кȦ
ͷﱾͦܵģ֪Ϊʲôʱ˻£ͻȻһ˿ͬĸо
˵ͷÿδӻһ˯߲ģ
ˣȥɡ´˸СŻһߣߵʱȻᵽһʮϤζζǳϤ־Բŵģһʱһ¡
ʱ򣬻ѾˣҲֻƬ̣ͺܿ׷˹ȥ
¿׷Цһ£ȻԼ۾
ÿӦǼӰ࣬ôȥҲܲ˰

Ȼ˽°ӿǱ濴ǺܺгģҲֲû¸ʱʲôû
ʵǾԵġȫԱȽϲдүϲ
Խ΢һᣬʰʱԱ߼͵ĴүŸ½ܸ
Ҫ˵ǻͷʲôҲиүһᶨ˵ţСӳĲԸҲã˵ȥѵĹϲ
ǻͷһֱû׹ԱߵһСЦ
ͷС࣬Ҳû¡
ŵСҲͦģܼ
˷ܵ۵ĵˡû¸ղųȥͶȥˣ˷ܵʱʵɶ֪
һྐྵӣһװ⣬ʵ϶ֱֱš
Դϴδӻֻ֮ǳʵʵĿ¡
ĳ˵СƹҲǸɧˣԼ͵͵һЩ飬˷֡
ѽͷˡŵʱ򣬺ȻԱи˺ͷǸոء
ţҸʲôºʡ
¡иʹĲͷЦ˵ͷ˵ŵСôǰҸָǸ
һʼܻûԴ˼룬Ӧ֮ȻৡһӾͺˣĸһŶҲǺͮͮġ
ԭ۲Ż£ڿһӾͺˣҲȤ;Ŀš
Χ˿ʵҲķӦһӺôЦԭ½ܶĴүҲЦ㿴㣬ܲеϢ⻹ûأͺ߳
ңңһ£ȳȥˣǸ׵ȷһţҲһ˵һ߼Ҵҵ˳ȥײһˡ
һЦһҡͷŲֹߵĻ£֪Ϊʲô˻Ļ档
һȺ֮ҲûκɬĸоһʮȻĸоߣôڵľӦԼˡ
˸ر𰡣뵽ҡҡͷ
³ţһ˵ûҪȥˡ
ղȷʵˣҪƤ죬ױɻʱ۱ȽϰףԲſ
³˿ûվȣи˵Ҳаͱųӡ
תͷһǸϲͷϲͷҡҡͷŮ˶˵ģ´˿ɲⰡ
Բ𡣡²֪ΪʲôԼЩ衣
ˡϲͷۻµҲĴһȥˣúöһ¾ˡ

϶

ÿɲ̫ðǸ˵Ķʱ, ǸΪ˵
ⶼΪӢ䡣Աߵһ̶ĵ˵
һֱû˵ıܵĮûһ˵ʲôĵĻ
ӴҲѾϰ, ǸҲûй˵ʲô
Ņ̀ͷۻʣôѵ㲻𣿡
ûСҡҡͷֻǾá񲢲ô׵ؾͽס
Ǹ仰Ц
º̧ͷһ, ôˣ
, ʱ򲢲ҪʲôܹʲôġǸҡͷЦ, Ҳɲ
¾ĿǸ, , , ʱҾ㻹̫һЩ
׼ôº, Ҫɱ𣿡
ҡҡͷ, ǵôɴˡ
ǵȻ, 磬ǰͳһ˽, һ˽ƶж谭ġ
¾Ͳ˵, ˿ۻµ, ϣΪڶİɣ
ԡ
ڵʵܻŶ
, , ˵еpua·
װûʲôƵ̧ͷ, ôأ
ҾӦһЩǿʵˡǸ˿û»еĳ, 硭ǿһԼʵ
ҾڵʵѾǰǿܶˡµ
һֱ˵ǰװһѧϰǿˣһ鼮һҹ֮䶼ܹѧ꣬Ȼ󲿷ֶϱ״ѧġ
Ҳװ̫֪, Ͼ֮ǰŵĵǸӦöǿģ֮ǰŵ¼ȫ
Ϊϱ״еļ䣬Լʵ̶ȡǾ˵ģô˵Ӧ
֮һܹʵǿļ㷽Ǹ˵һһ̫ҸƼ㣬һܹɹġ
ʲô
ʵҲǸ˵ɱһôͻΪµĹȻڻɱ˹ɱһʵǿķӣͬЧġ
磿
硭֪ĿΪʲôһ𣿡
һ£û뵽˻ͻȻҲû
ȷʵûΪʲôĿﶼһģȥԺͱԶֺõġ
ǰҲȺòȻļһ綼ͷȴƫƫûѻƭǡǸЦ
ѾʶǸ˵ʲôѵûз֣ǰÿγȽΣյ񣬶Ǻͽһ𣿡
ҷˡµҵһ֪ʲô˼
Ŀɱ˵ġǸ˵˵ⱾǴҶǱ򡣡
֪Ǳ򣬵ǽܲһĵ̫Σգôȫɱ㣬ͿڶʱʵǿȻӳȥˡ
Ȼ˻һ˲÷ֻͷŻõķһɹˣžͻջһµĹ
Ѿǳֹˮˣǲò˵˵λﻹǾΥһַŭ
ðСӡ
ָоҲΪðҪɱ뷨ŭϾڻ¿Ƿǳ˳µ飬ܾԼַŭûķŭ
Ȼ˵Ŀģ͸ˡ
ڿʱɱˡ

»λƵĳţ̧ͷһգ̾˿ֻ޳
ǰʱŽܹӹһˣû뵽Ǹ˻ķܼŵĲϱӰѽãⱲӻá
һ˳ȥҽˣҲǺ»ǻ¡
ڱְԺܹĴˣҵʱԼ԰ĴżץץΧұĵơ
վԱ߿룬Ȼ˻˱ȽϺãʱʵ̫ˡ
ѽ£һ̧ͷ˻£͵һ£ȻѸٵӵеƣװʲôûзӣƲסľϲôͻȻˣ
лˡһߴһ߽еľ˹ȥ氲һ񡣡
ϡ档һ߱ųǣһ߰ĸ´
ҡҡͷбˡ
Ļ˵꣬Ϳǽͷһֽýˣ̧ͷۻ£¹һº͵Ӫҵܣˡ
һ£زͷǸ˶ŽЦ
ǸЦͦõزͷҲ¶ӪҵЦݡ
˵ʲôͻȻߴڹܽĻ˵ǵĴ
µĻ˵꣬Ǹ˾ǰһ˻¡ЦŶԽðˣ뽭ͷǺúõϤһ̰ɡ
˸ղŻµĴ󣬾;ĵͷ˼Ȼ̧ͷЦøá
ĳ״ＸǡৡһӾˣĲ˽ڵĲëȻ
ʲôȱ裬ֲһ顣
áزͷ˵ͷ¸ı鼫ȸӵĽӡ
զ˵ء²֪زͷǲǵһθ棬ڿıǯ}ûš
˼裬һǸȻüε񡭡ǹڻģ
ԡزͷĵ˵ͷЩ̫ΣˣǲòһЩ
ҲáЩΣˡ΢΢һüë˵
һͳԸ㣬һ仰Ҳԡ
𣿡Ȼ̧ͷЦʡ
ԣزͷΪȽܣͷֻȥ
ҵǵһ˵ƺЩζĵ˵ͷºͻȻ˵ʲô˵Ļһ仰ǣҾҲ
õģʰһ£ǻмʱȥ׼ǸزͷЦ˵˵仰΢ɲһۻ¡
ղŻڵͷͳԵĻڻ̧ͷŽʱ񣬾֮ǰȥЩطһʱһúõϤһǰȥЩطһ´ǰ𣿡
ЦſȻգգ۾
زͷʧһͷװʲôҲûһᣬҲȻЦð
³ȥԺǸزͷͷݼǺܸ߳ġ
ҡҡͷʲôʱأ
زͷЦһǸǳԵˣϣҲһ㡣
ŶɻĿ
ӷʱɱȤһ¡زͷЦŵ
ָоǳģ뻪ͷһ

ٻ

ôˣŹĽ
һ, ȻʲôҲû˵ֻǰĵš
ҲȽϷϵǱ, Ҳţ˾ôĬãȻԼؿͳһС˹ȥ
⡭ʲô
ӹ֮Ҳûд򿪵˼ֻǾĿŽĽ͡
ӺúõţԺҲ, Ӿˡ˵ž뿪, Ȼһץס·
, ȵȡ񾭴Ҳ仰е㲻Ծ, Ž·, , ô£
ֻǾеܾۡûʲô˼, лĻȥߡ
, 㡭Žҡҡͷ
ӷԼתͷ, üͷ, ˵, ʲô鰡
ڵ״, ҲѡͷԼеĺӣȻһüë
ȻҲûʲôԸҪģ˱ﻹһЩǮҲǺ˲ĵ𣿡
Ϊ仰ӲķһһҲİۡ
ôѺӸ, Ȼ˵ת뿪ˡ

ڽ֮ǰ׼Ǹ˸һpuaȴžôúõʰһ½
ԣѾôʰýˣǸȴû³úõĹһγΪĻ档
ʱǻһϡǸ˶ԻµȻǾͻԽ˵Ǹطǻ֣ʱװͺˡ
֮أ
ȻǾ澿˶١Ǹ˵ķӦܹһЩʾ
˵ʲôʾͨľų̶ȷӦж澿Ĺ
ڽǸʲôѾǳ˽ˣǸʺԼҲѾ˽㹻İʾˣͿܹ³ˡ
ԭΪɽǸһȺ˰ݻ¾ѾǷǳ˵ľٶˣֱȥǸ׼ġ֪֡ʲôˣ졣
滨ڵĵصʵ̫ϾôǮҲҪʡԼõģ̫ĵҲǮܹĵˡ
ٻ֣ĵط
վ֡¥ϣ治ͣŵǡ
ÿһ˶ƯĹÿһﶼźÿĵÿһ￴ʱЦһ¡
пһ¡
˵ʲô
ֻҪǮƣʲô׾ġ
µͷһԼϵ·ԼվڵĵطȷʵǻĿ˶治ԶǸı־Խһ㶼ͬĴӣһΪǻġ
̫ˣһģһ
վ¥ϵʱ򣬼һִԽ˵Ĵ
һģһĽ̻ԻͣһģһһڻϤˡ¶ᷢʲôԵġ
ģµµ˾̾
ҲΪʲôϱ¥ԽԽҵԭ򣬻»ȥٰ¥ˣȻȥһЩȽɥĲ顣
ºȻѹֱô
ӣŵĲƯС㣬ǡһƵĴү
׼ôˣǸүʻ£˵ãʲôԵĵطҿǲġ
үԵĵطӦþˡĬĬ˵
ӦϾҪˡүҾӦÿȥˡ
˵ȥ𣿡ʡ
˵£ǰˡүνҲһɶѣΣ˽Ѿһˡ
˴үĻĬĬĿ죬ȻתӸ߸ߵ¥ȥ
Ҳǻ𣿡̧ͷΧķ羰һٶȻͦ죬ûãֿһµİ
Ա߸ŵľزͷزͷҲЦſ˵ָֻţòƱȽϲ
ңҲϲŴԼԱ߲һڻ˭뿪
ڸһֵĵطµһЦµĻꡣ
Ҿ㣬ҪҶֶŵġóµļƣĿǸҲˡ
˵ˣƤ¹ǣһҪúõźġǸЦЦžͳ˻µĻ
³׽ӲһӣĬĬĸŻķĪĹŹֵĲеĸо
ֵĹһ㷴жûУЩ˵Ҳһһ뺷￿ͻڡ
ַǳķգǸ˵Ȩ죬Ѿ̶ֳˡǳеĴҲ˿κ˽룬طյһء
زͷţȻزͷһʵ˼˹㲻ĻӦһ͸õˡ
زͷһ£ͷӦǷ˴ɣӦò᲻ɣ
Զԣ֪ͷҽеЩ˶ǻͷţ˵Ӧûġ
˵仰Ժ󣬡֡ڴһмſڴ˵ġ֣ǻֲд˵ƾʲô˽ģʲôأ
زͷȵĳڴ˹ȥ˻ȷʵǻµġš˵һȺŵܹášݵĻ
¸ûнйȺôȺһǽġ
زͷתͷ۽ͷȺ˽йʲô
ֻһȺزͷգգ۾õģǵһȥʱŵҲŵһȺǣҪСȺǣʱܹǳء
ȺһͷģǸЩʵˣʱȺЩͷ۵ӣһߺһߵң΢һ㣬ǵͲҪˡ
Ǹ𣿡ָָǱͷˣǴӻӳ֮һԻľܱҶҪ㡣
ӳһ֪ĶŽ֣˻û߶ԶĽˡһ߻һŵ˵ˣǽȥ㿴ʶ˾ء
زͷһԣֻǾһֿµŽ
ЩվǱ˽
Ⱥǽʱ֪ӣǵֻǼ򵥵ĳһѡ
ӳþò˷ܵ˵
ΪڸˣΪҲѾ˵ˣΪºͻϹٸԭְ
¶ĽСӰһҪһ
㡣
ͷأͷôûȺһ˵һˣʱ˿̣ȴȻֵ߹ȥĹݸһЦ
һ󵭵Ȼ
ĽֵƹҲûб䰵Ϊ⵭ȴĪǶ˲һ
лҪ˵΢һᣬм䵢һС£ʮֱǸϹ
ͷŶ=أ=

¥

¿, ˵⿴лζˡ
Ի˲СѪΪ˵ʱŪôһ֡
ǵһȥȫʱ򣬽ȥı滹ǱȽȫд˻״ġ
ڿʼǷݶǲǶѾǸ̰˽ˡ
ôͻȻˣŵ˿ʱֵʵ˵ҹеˣҲ, Χ˵ĸоɭɭġ
ǵΪΧһ˲ͽ, о˵ϤͿֲ, ĺëһ
Щꡣҵÿ˶Ҫܣǧɢ

˵ʵѾǻµˣȫΪյ˽Ϣ
Ҳֵֹ, ûж˵ʲô, ֻǸһţʱĳصѡ
ҲǵǸʲôҲ֪Ĳ, ڿŵʱĪŹֵĸо, ˵
ˣ벻ô¡ǵһȥϵʱ, ĸоʵȵȥȫʱ˺ܶ, ֪Ϊʲô, վֵڴָֹܵŹֵĸо
žôµʱȻԶƺƮһϢӰ

عͷһֵ, ôˣ
ңҸղź񿴼ʲôһֵָ
УǱ߿һۣ㶼ʲô, һһէġ
ҡǱĲС
ңҲǱߺȥһˡʱ洫һϸϸһƮȥˡ
תͷ˵ǸˣСĵոնΪԼۻˣΪҪһ˵ĻṦδҲ̫һ㣬ûпôɫṦ
ӸղſʼͺûʲôȤҲνƮȥһʲô
ΪΧĵƹⶼ֮С
ҶڰţΧԽԽѹ֡ǻԼոտǸˣȻĪĸо
ǸӰǸṦǸƮӡ
ôôһˡ
һ˵ɣһСĹ۲ܡ
Ǹ˵Ļһ˿¶ҪΣˡ
ǡǸôĪĳأ
ҲΧʮֵĲԾΪһμ򵥵Ѳ֣һεѲʵ̫ˣҲв˵ѲֵݣһҲ˲١
ȴһˡ
˲ʮӣֵڴһֱߵ˻ĵǸǰ档
ǸӺܴ󣬺ܺأӦóĶǳġ
֪ΪʲôԱߵĵƻرʢƫƫȴûʲôƹӡ
Ϊûеƹ⣬¹رյ⸽һƬɫһƬɴ
ʱǰĽƺһ̧ͷ
¥վһˡ

Ǹ˱Ȼɫ޵·ǿȴĪɫ
Ĵ󲿷ڵӰ֮£ϸĿѹϵߵӡ
ܾЩ죬ȴЩİ
Ҳ֪ͣͷĿǸˡ
ûϸĿôһ£Ǹ˺ȻһƬҶһƮȻֱֱĳǳ˹

Ϊ˵ͻȻҶһ
󲿷˵ɤͿѾǸ˹С
ղһֱĿȴһ˲ӭȥȻ
ô£һ£Ҫǰȥæ½Ǹ˴ۻҵģֶûа취
õǽǸõǵ
˾˭˭£ԱߵΧ߾ȻûһֵܹģϾͨͨ˴ܻ˵˭ص㣬˭ʽ׵㡣
ɴܡ
ﻹǵһοּĴ򶷣Ա߿ţֿ־壬ּ
Ǹߵ˵ӡ
ˡǰʱھƹ濴Ǹ
ҲЩû뵽ȻҲͻȻ档
Ͼ˸˵ĸо̫ˣҲûԼܹʱӡ
⣬ҲһӾϳǻ棬ʵһ֡
ȻӴʱҲô棬ǶˣǾԼԶǵģΪԶһֱû취ģ³ĸо
ֶ࿴ۣ֪Ϊʲôûȷǰ;ͦħõģȷ֮áħˡ
˵ʲôоʵղǾ;ֵͦģǻΪʲôͻȻ
뵱ȫôʱ䣬Ҳüλ棬ÿλ涼ǰȵں棬һЦһ߿Ǳӡ
ϲںƿȫ֣ͻȻȻֵĸоʵЩͬѰ
һţһ߲ɨΧһۣɾͿ˽Щվߵǣڶվǣ˫ƯȴֱĿǣÿһ˫۾Ҫ˵һ
ǿǳ鴤һ¡
𡭡ΣΧЩ˶ԶģϴȥʱȺ˰˸ǰ˸
ʵܷ
û濴ô磬˵ֵٶȺܿ죬ʵ󲿷ֶǼвС
Ǹ˱书òһֱһƵĸоöԷϷˣһ
ȴҲûʲô
Ӹոջֵһ˲䣬ض
쳣רעƺʱܹ͸ߣһ
ĻҲ⽭ҪʲôƣÿһܽƵ·֮ϣȴǿѡ
ȷʵǻ棬ʵĻ档
ǰ۾ɳҲòһ㡪ǻ档
ڿһҲ֪Լľǽ˻Ƿˡ
Ȼô̶һ룬ǰĻеĵȻּӿһٶȣȻһû뵽ʹڣҲ
Ϊæңһ˲ɵ¥һϣҲĸȥ
ӳ
ǿŷ¥Ľͻ棬ԽԽԶӰ֪ΪʲôȻһּ䲻ĸо
ûа취׷ȥֻĿŽһкݺݵػ˵ϣվǰӸµĿŽ
ͷ
ȺǶɵˣҲɵˣûôģƺڶ̶̵ļڣ˫Ѿֳʤ
ŵڵϵĽһŨŨĲ

濴ŽȻеĵ֮䡣
ֻü¹£ǰѵȻ壬˽ؿ֮䣬Ȼ͵شϢ



Χ, ոջҲѾɢˣʣˡļˡ
˼ˣֵնʮֵɱ, ÿ˶Χ, 鶼ʮֵࡣ
¾ӸµĿ¥£Աһ, СĶߵ, ȺˡѾʧˡ
ûץ𣿡Ǹү, ˣȥɡ
Ǹ˾ĵȥǸүС, £㡭㻹ðɣ
±ҡҡͷ, ȴֹסڷ
үһ, ոɱһʵȽǿķǻӵģ˵ʵѾ൱һСˣҪʵڿƲסȳȥߡ
Ļ˵һ룬Ϳתͷһ, ˲Լԭ˵л
¾Ŀһ, Ǹүûסѹͷ˵Ҳ벻Ҫ׳, ʧصģˡ
һ˳ȥҪκ˸ҡ˵仰, ת뿪
ȥӰôһ˲侹Ȼ˷ֲǻ£ǻˡ

ǱŽһ·С·š
졣
һ˵ӯ壬һȴܵķɿ죬ԼԼΪʲôô
һһ߻ţǸɵӣҲ֪Լڵеֵֹġ
ո¥棬ڿȥһ˲䣬Ȼ̻ըһ
ûȻعһԼû뵽ٶȳ¥¥һק˽ʬ壬Ȼڲ֪ΪʲôĪסĻ£Ӳ¥
̣Լڶ亹
ҲԼͻȻҪ˵ԼṦôõͻȻǸ¥㲻
ǱĽһʪҺ塣ָоֲֿ˷ܣ˷ܸǴӹðģѹֲס
ջˣͣһ£Ŵ
Χžֻз紵Ҷ£˷ܸ𽥵ȥϵ亹͸·˿
ͷһֻͻȻµ˳Ȼž·ǣֻϻմѪӲǸɾ·һѪӡ
ǴŴźȻ;ò̫ԾΪʲôԼĺôأΪʲôԼ·ͻȻôأ
ʶһȻǡþֻĿĶһק·ϡ

͵طһ׳ĲҽС
Ϊһɤӷɳȥһ񡭡

ǿ𶯣ȴֺܿ챻˰ˡ
˲±̫֪в˶֪˭
ŵĸ߲㻹ôµģ¹ǱǿаµģΪо֮Ϊھ͸û̫ĺôҪͼ֮
ʱһŵС꣬İ졣
˺ܶ࣬ܽ˵ƷòƲôãò˵ȥ֮󣬹˻Ǻܶġ
澿жǿŷͷ޵ģǿŷͷЦľͷֲˡ
ϸȥ˻ֵ˼ȥˣÿ˶վĬĬĿǸյķء
ʬûҵʵǸշأؾڽҵլ
ŰֽɡվС
ͷһôԴȥԺϵĳʼͣ︡֡
˵ǸǵԴ챳Žʬ뿪ҲûлҲû֪ȥġڳÿһ˶ļǵǵ۾ȻѪ죬Ȼֻһ͵سȥӡ
ֻҲҪһ
ŸЩ˵ǻǱŵˣʱǸǰȥʬˣɷǳĳ
ȻǵʱڻϣڽʬԱߣҪ˸ʲôأ
⻨Ҳһ˵ֵĸоӦһ鶯˵ģĻ桭Īľһֻɵĸо
˵ﲻԣȴ־ʲôԾˡ
־֣ǸҲǸ棬һһĲʾͳÿһϸ֮С
һз·𶼹ı̯֮£ȴǱһлŤ֮С
ŵʱ߳һˡ
Ǹһɫֽɡվֻǰ
￴һۣϳǻ¡
˿ȥһȦҲǳõӣ黹º͵ģºҴűˡ
ڻϣҲû£Щ֣һǺҲˣƺ浽Ļ¿ԣҲ뿪˰ɡ
ͷ뿪ҲãȻҲֻǰװ׵Ķѡ
ǰȥο䣬ȴ֮ǰѾ߹ȥһƯŮˡ
᰽㡣¿˾һ£˵Щơ
ͬΪĿģǳὭ᰹
￴˺ܶˣȴû뵽᰻⡣
ᰵ۾ģҲ޹ûУֻߵߣ֪˵˵
֪ôһôɴ൹Ҳá
ڰĬĬĵ
ҲҶ˵ʲôϾ᰸֮ĹºҲǼ򵥵˵ģѡװ
ﱾû֮ĻģκվıͲԶ
˵⻰ʲô˼
֮ҲһЩˡ᰺ȻһĨ۾Ҳ˿⣬ҲİɣӴԺҲٶˡ
ԣԲû̫㻰е˼ãȻĵ
ֵġᰵ˵Ҳɾ
˵ת뿪ʣ˻һվɡ£ײü
תͷʱͿվ
ôˣµʣԭȰµģ֪ΪʲôһͻȻñȰԼ
ҲҪ̫ˡСĶŻµ֪ΪʲôվڻµǰĪĲҴ˵ĪθС
ΪˣͲ֪İԼеĻ˵һ㣬ҲЩְɣҸоЩ鷢ĶĪģ񡭡Щ鶼ô򵥣ֺÿ鱳󶼲Щʲôܣ̫ˣ
˵˵ţЩɥĵͷ
Źһ֮оһͷ
ѾǸܴĹˡº͵˵룬ķǳ˲𡣡
˻µĻĪЩ졣
ͷҸôأ̧ͷңЩ¡
ƺǳĬһᣬȻͷº͵ĵֻҪȥκ㿴Ϳˡ
ҡ



ô˵ģǸһԵʵ
ԡ˵ͷ, ܸоͷȥԻͷĴܴ󡭡
һҡͷһߵҸ˵Ҳ׶ӳ, һ, ôҲ˵ֻġ
ֳ°ͣŻ˵Ǿ仰
ʵ, ô˵ǵήθУԻ¸ӵˡ
ͷҲʲôԾĵطʲôɲֱȥʻͷ鵽ڣȷ˻ͷûϿôɵ, ͷô, һԼԭ
ǸУûбϿô, ʵǳĴĵҲǳ, һܺúܺõġˡ
Իµ¶塣
ôͷ˽Ķأ֪Щʲôأ롣

Դȥ, һǿҵ𵴣ŵΣնֱһ̶ȡ
Ȼ, ¡桱ӦǲģһµĸŽӴԺҲ⿪ˣҲ½ˡ
ʱŵȥӴʱ, ħõĸоʱ򾭹ĳֽǣĳ, ֻþļ
һкûиı䣬ɰǸ˵ļƻ, ʱ¶ڳɹĽԼļƻ
Ǹ˵Ŀ£ԽӴԽһС
Ǽװոɱ˽󱻴̼ĴˣЩƲסӣỹݺݵʰһЩԼĲ˳۵ˣ⼸»ָǸƵģ
Ǹ˿˻֮棬˵ǸƳֵܱô侲ǵģĿǰΪֹֻôһˣ۶ôļһһƳ棬ͻѾһʬˡ
ǱѹҲͦģڻֹķţһЩ߰Ҳ˲٣նѹȥ
ǰȻģ󣬵һڷϺѿʷΧڻڲһֱһֵĽźɱ֮⡣
ÿܹɵʱҲǴʱ䣬ÿﶼҪҽڶһ˴ţڵѾԽԽˡ
һʼϣһȾơġϣһ¡ٵġϣһߺȾһ¡¾ټȥûʲôɿԱˡ
òǸ˵¶ڻ¸ʲôȥҲ̫ȤҲǸʺһ£΢һ̣ҪڶԻɱ֣ڻҪԻίߡ
¾̫࣬һµ֭ԱŴš¡·С˧硣
ĿԼˣΪ¼˺ܶ࣬ԵҲԵùµ
˵˺ܶ࣬뻨ֵ˵Ǻٵһ֣ɸѡı׼һŮȣڶܹסԼѾѴ󲿷˾֮ˡ
½Ⱥ˸ֵһܿԵĲ𣬻ֵǴ󲿷ֶ̹̹ڵƹ֮£ÿ˶ЦţȺȴϲӰֵƻȴܾ׼ҵЩڰ֮ء
һͷ·ƻԻ͵Ļ²ʲôڰصĶһĪЩš
úȾƵļƺ˿ڹ֭Ȼ̾˿
ˣôˣС˧ʵ
ҡ̫ûС¿ĵƻԻ͵һжˣҲǣǻ𣿡
ģôôأ
Ϊ¿ҲŵĻӦûһƬ
һжûб䣬һȴѾˡ
Ҫô롣С˧ҶģҲΪԼһ˲ôġ
С˧֪Ķһ㣬ʱ˫ɣҲʶôһΪ˸ʲôˡ
ϣˡȥĽӹƮһƬѩ
ϱ¥ĴȻ紿ǺЩˣһЩУںŵɱʱ¥һ˼ֱЦӭ
鵹Ϊһ˽ɣıһҲûС
ͬǿʼţͬ**µǣͬԭƽĵطÿ˶ľսġ
ǰʱ˵һЩѹʱòõֶΣЩڸȥˣʵ˵ЩһҲǵܹİõġ
֮˺ܾãֻúȫ¶һӣûκεѡ
۳ǺõĻǻģһƺûκεĸı䣬һз·ֻǻһϣһظš
ˡ´Ӹ߸ߵ¥վ˸һë޵硣
µ˿վһ˲䶼̧ͷÿ˵ı϶֡ϲãֻֻ֣ǡһЦݣ
ϱ¥ǶݷӣޱĿЩˣǿпĶ
ϵѩ׷
ϣʮѵһģ˳Сѩ

ٲõſڵڶССİƴѩˡ
˭ѵģĿſڣ
ǣ硣ĵ
һ˵ĳǣһתͷͿԺŴƣռŸɾѩ͸ֻδĶһ
ѩ˰Ҳ³һ
ڵһСС¯ӣͱů˲٣ҲſڣЦſЩܵСǡ
û𣿡ʡ
ûء
ͷӦðôѩӦûæġ
˵ŵʱȻ˻µˣһˣҵٽ˵˵㡣
æתͷ
ͷϻŵСѩһƿţϻЦ
ȻСѩܻɾˣܲסֵСӶ˷ܷˡ
¸ſҲ˲١
ĸݸһѽӹȻתӵϡ
ǲĸ䵽ʱһ춼ûУʯͷ䵽ѩһ
ϴ֣׼æҩģģ̽ͷһۣһȺͿͦĺΧţ֪˵Щʲô
Ϊ׵һ仹һѽŰٲ溰Ҳҳͳٸұԣش˰Ѻý
˭º̽ͷ˹ȥҩĵͷû̧ĵһСƨ
Сƨܱ˽Сƨ²֪ΪʲôЦǸӼϴҴˣһģٳұһȣ
ϴΣϴʲôʱģʡ
ǰǴ㲻ڡ˸ҩİڻǰҲСġ
˭Ӯˣºʡ
ҡĵĪİ
С˵Ů˲СˡȻĽĥĥ͸ھӼҵİ۵˵ˣ˳һᣬԵǰɱġıƽдЩεĲ䵽
ۡһûסСЦСˣ˲ըë
ﺰ־ͳĲʲô

һƶϴ

СȻ, ǿ˶೤ʱҩģСͺ˶೤ʱ䡣
ŶЩ, ̽Ҫȥ
˱Ҵ, Ǯҩ𣿡תͷŻ¡
ĬĬתͷȥʲôûз
Ҫ˵ͱ˼Ҹô˻, СӱͦģҵʶòƼˢӡ
𣿡չʣǸģ
ԭһֱڵͷæԼȻͷ̧
Ĳ̫, ǵڲϵģߵĲвٶǵ, ˵ˡ
ϣǰ˳ɵøйϵĬĬ롣
, ƬؽĲϰٷ֮ʮˣʣµİٷ֮ʮڻµĶ
ֿһСϵ·ɫջߡ
Ҿ㻹ǵø˼΢õϵļ, , ҴǸûε, ƽʱҲԼһ, 㽫ҪڽϻĻ, ҪύһЩˡ
ĬĬ̧ͷһ
ѵһ˵ôĻȻм仹ǼһЩİڮ٣ôʱټ
֤ȻףôҲǸӵܣҶҲˣһûϵСŲ˵ôࡣ
˵¾СƨòŽύϾƢֵĶȥ, ľ͵ռһ룬Ҳû˵ĸѶ࣬ԭؾһ󣬺Ȼᡱһվѻ¶һ
㣬ǸС涼ҪˣʱͻȻһԲϵɱ˳ŵֱӺ˺ü
ҪûСĿǸСǰѽѾĥ͸ڵĵСɱˡ
˵ԺۿǸСɫǵĺϺϵģֽŵ򲻹ңҲĽߵԶ㣬ٹ
ٲļǲԼͬ濴˹ȥֵĵС뽻ΪʲôҪ˼˾Ͳٹ
ƾʲôǸɫϺϵС˰ڱһ䣬·ǼҿİˣҲ·ߣҪң
ٲ͵ļͬʱһ
ǡûȾѾ𣿺ѣΪʲôҪôԶ鰡
ҲܣһԺӴԺͲ̤֣ҼһδһΡһ˵ţһͳԼĽֱֱָǸк
ǸСɫ𽥱ͷףѵĳԼеĽȴĿʼ¡
²Ҳ̶õתһ˵ûȾӵģĬѾԶˡ
ͷҩģȻͣĴһһĲҽУҡҡͷĬĬĴץ˰Ѹҩġ

һʱ󣬻¿һԼûʣٵҩģűƿ˽
ˣʶԻûʲôĬĵ˵ͷ
Ա߸ոΧȫ̵ļٲõǶĵҩģ˴˶˵һ仰
ҿԣҲͱȽϹˣƽʱ㼸˰궼һҩĵˡ
ûʸղǿʲôȴطǳģ˵ҽݣղСҪʲôͽˡ
˱裬ȴԵúǰȲʱûһȫĳĬ
ܶ˻ΪǸܳĬС֪ǣСԸڡɧ
ֳĬͺܲͬѰˡ
òĴ˰죬øָķģҪٳĬȥôĬĿ£ȫûκηӦ
ϣһ˳ȥ֣˵ϰǳ˳ôһȦʳȻʰëٲ÷ԲڰȫĲУС͵ûС
Ҳˣûߵ̫ԶһȦһС¡
СһͷҲվһˣһһСкк忴ȥʮֵûмӣϻŵ㲡ݣȴˣҪһӡ
кӵҪܸӵͣ۶ôкҲƴĳȻֻӵĵˡ
ҽ쿴ǸСӸˡǸС˵û°ɣϴβ˵𣿡
ŽϣصĻȣͻȻˡ
ܸ˵˵ΪʲôɡǸϲȥһСĿһߵʡ
һһңűȴĪĽ֮ͨĻٵĿ󲿷ֵʱֻǾĿԶϦµӡ
˺ܾúܾãк˵Ǹ˱󱳾Һû¹һ绹˵鷳
˭кһ£ͰȽǸСӣ
˵껰ʶԼ˵ʲôõĶԾͱ졣һ֦棬ĵ˵ͷ
ϣҲټĳһ˿ꡣ
ǰڽ洳ģȻ书Ҳûʲôһ칻æˣҲ鷳
Ǹ𣿡кһ£Լҵ˵û죬û˵ʲô
̫Ҫˣ׵ĸû¾ͲС޵ĴƵġ
ôˣҲûɼأԼķҲûУҲûǮҲ֪ûйܿҪңǲ͸鷳ҪǸһ͵͵ȥһô죿ǮƵģ϶û취ġ
Ҳек˵ͷ
ִǮһֱҵ㻨ǮбӮǮһˣȵٻʱȥֵԴңԴ˵Ůûżء
Скı𽥴ͣʱĻѾ漰һȫһڰµ򡭡
һǽ֮ĻԼıӡ
⺢Ӽܵ˰ⶼʲô߰ģߵĲǴͳ͵·Ӱ
˵ٿѵģļɣʲôdna
¹ôҪһʮСĻ⡣
Ȼٿѵĸʡһӳ
ºȻԼ·ǴСƶְֲҳСӻʱʱ̺̿½һԲ֡
Ҳû͵͵뿪ʣСкһ߶߶
Ск˵һ˻ǸĬְģ˰ٲãִƻţӦû˯
磿ʶĺһȻС˻µˡ
š䵭Ӧһ׼غԺȴȻֽס
Ҹһ
һ㶣ֲԾսȻ䵭˹ȥ

ƽ

ʲôڴ, ĿԼ
ⶫССģͦѹֵĸо
ŵƹ⿴˿, ⶫڵƹɢźÿĽɫ
һССĽɵĻ
⻨ӦֵͦǮģҲ֪ͻȻһ仨ʲô˼Ҳ˵仨ʱһ˲𾪡
Ͼ, ⶫȻ͸ĻԵƵġ
С, Լͷ档
컪°ʱ, һ, ֣صĶ˵պ, Ҫ׵ĸˣԺʲôˣͰͳ
׻Ϊʲôô˵
ǻԼԼüҵװɣ
˵С˵㣬ôҲǽ, ֵǮ, һҪźá
׼쵽ͷߣ򲻵ѵʱ򣬾Բóá
˵պ󻪴ҪȢϱûǮˣó͸պܰһء

ԴǰһСѩ󣬽Ͼʽ˶졣
¾ѧ书һ㲻, Ǵ䣬ʹ䣬΢תһҲůͺ͵ˡ
ǸСϣһֱۿţĶҲӣԼµ˳ȥ, ټ޻
ô򵥵ȴΪ͸̫ŵٴУÿ˶ʼԻصĻɡ
µЩǿǿ˼˸µʱ䣬Ƥ죬ӲİѻڽϵĵλְθһǸӲ۸Ĺˡ
һ¼ĴûˣҲ֪ʲôӣȴӲǿЩ֪ٵϢԻ溦µĸèƵġһΣҲûϱû¾ͳȥҹ䣬ڻ棬û¾Բ׵ĳš
ȥϢǰʱ䱻Űסˣվһ򵥵ŲͷǽĽӣڵʱϵͣȻը
ÿһ˶Ӧǳʲô¡
ǰĿţ˵ڻڽϱˡ
ͷͷڰٲɻʱһ˻ŻŵĴ˽ͷһ£
̧ͷ˿ʵÿҲܴ
ܽͷҲ࣬ǰ˾еһ
ͷ·ܵߣĵûˣ
ٲﻹأǶһɵĶͻȻؤ
¿ߵˣ˵·Ҳ̫ç˰ɣͻȻӲͷƤק˹ȥ˺Ժ
ˡ찡ü
ʶ
ͦģ벻ˡһҡͷ벻ˣŲˡ
ͷϢûУ·Żȥ˺Ժصĵ˵⻹ղŶŴﶼ߿һۡ
ʲôϢ´װͿ
·Ȼĵ
仰ҲˣҲˣںԺɹҩĵļһһЦʣƾʲô֪ôҪϢأ
Ϊ㡭·˵һͻȻ˸ãΪ˴鿴Ҳͨ͸һܲ³ȥ˵ġ
΢΢ķ˸ۣ˵·˻Ǽ˵˻˵
ȥĲʵڡٻû㶮
ȷ˹ȥԲǣС˧硣Ҳֻô˵İΧϢǱˡ
˭֪ûг֣ǾͻȻȻŽˡ
±˽ĺƻڻ׼˷䣬ȴݳɹֱӴȥûӰˣҲûӰˣ¶㲻ȥġ
ҲôˣǺóʱûˡ˵ĺί񣬡ҵȥμֻ˸¹ڣûˡ
·˻µĻ˳õĳ˼ȻһȻֱ˵˾䡰֪ˡͱ뿪ˡ
ںĿɿڴ
Ȼᣬʲô˵ôίΪʲôͻȻһȷ˵Ӱ

·Դ껪½ȥ󣬾һ¡Ҳãʮа˴ζܸ棬û죬ٲõ˶Ϥˡ
󾭳ŵǸǵ⼸βƽżһˣٲõڲװΣȻֺİͷ̽ȥ
˵ƽѾóʱûгˣӰ࣬λС㶼ɻ
ͷΪʲôﰡƽʡӦھֵġ
ھǰģѾ˳ˡµǰǲ˵ĶǰϻƣѾôӴˡ
㡭ƽ΢΢Щ𾪵ĿŻ°ﲡ˴ҩģȻҩд÷ӣ֧һֹҲ̫һ㡣
áЦЦ
·ڰٲصתȦżΧĻһүģҪȥʱɴĿʼʰٲĶ
˭ֵֹġ͵͵ĸŻҧ䣬˵Ųˡ
ǰʱʶѡһЦ⣬·ʲôۻܸǧҪ
ڰٲһһ⵽˼ӵģ²·Ӧý˱ӷΧڡ
Ȼĳ磬·һʱ򣬰ٲõһα죬һͷӵ˽˰ٲڡ
ʲô𣿡򿴼ĲͷʱЩʡ
ûʲôߺ˸ߵÿÿעһˡǸЦЦʲô𣿡
˵ûУתͷ·֧һ£֧ʱǸͷЦˣҽȥģҪͨ˾͸ȥŵǼһ¾ͺá
ȵȡû˵ͿǸ˽˺Ժ
ʱԺл£·лƽء
·һͶķɿ죬ûһš˵߰ģûû䣬Ҹطһ
㻹ᵣĽңЦſ·һΪϲԽԽõأ˵徻ҲǸ취ʵҲûô徻
˵Ҳǡ·˵ͷ±ΪͬǺ仰˭֪ͬǰ䣬ȷʵϲ֣ΣԽաﵹͦ˾ȵģұûô徻Щ⡣
⻰Цҡҡͷ˵ʲôͿǰͻȻһˡ
ã˭¿˵·ʱʹŲ³ôһ£Ǹ˿˻£Ҳ΢ɲĶЦЦ
һ˲䣬Աߵ·۾΢΢Ķһ£Ȼװһ֪ӣ˳һԱߵĻƽ

ּ

ʲô
ںԺԱߵһ, °ǸͷһԣСʵ
˵˸֮ǰûˣҾǸͷЦŶԻµ
ںԺС˵, ղŻ¼ԣֱӰ˸קˣû·
ˣҪ̫֡¿Ǹͷص, ǰڽʶѡ
Ȼǻ˵, ҲͲٶ˵ʲô, ֻϣܹСĽһЩǸЦ
ͷǸ˸ȥˣƽǱš
ֻǡﶼƽ·۾΢΢
¸Ǹ˽˰, ˿תͷֻص˺ԺƽĿ, ͷ, Ǹ˭
һǰʶˡ¿·⼸ߡҲ, ܾû취д, ǾȻȥɡ
˵仰о·۾ƺϸĿһۣתͷȥʱֺǴ
ͷƽŻº, µûʲô, Ҳ·һȥɡ
ҡһһᡣƽ֧֧ģ¾ܲʲôͺĿ·
·Щεĵ硭ңҼǵϢ, ԣԾͰˡ
㻹û𣿡ºЦĿŻƽⶼ೤ʱˡ
㣬Ҷ೤ʱ䰡ƽ̧ͷ˻һۡ
ҲȲġµ˼ڶѾǰĵһλˣͲܹץˡ
ֻҪԶԶĿһۣͿ϶ܹϳƽĵĵ
⻰ǰ˵Цŵ
ˡ·קŻƽ˰ٲãһһתͷǾȻȥˣһСĵ㣬ʲôŪҰæ
ϡ
վſڳǻ֣ȥıӰķϵЦҲɢȥ

ô
·ӰٲûصһƵéݣһˣ̧ͷһۡ
С·ԱߵĵϣͦõģҲǳʲôӡ
𣿡ϵһϵĻžɢһء
ҵӣ߰ġ˻ӱĻҳ
סĻͱסΪԸס·һۣҪǿһ׷ɱģôܻסҼң
ðɺðɡ˵ͷҴڣҴаɡ
㵽׸ʲô£ô׷ɱ㣿·ʣЩ书ǿĸ׾ٵľĳġ
̾һ·֧Աߣ˵ȥ˵̫ӣôʦʦʦ˵ˣΪ̫ӣҲ˵ˡ
ôóأ·۾һɣʹԱһͷ
һڷԶңҲܸ˵ġǣ̫ӣʲô֪һһ˿ѵĻᣬ˽ȥһ֮صġ
·⻰תͷ㶵Ŀͷûһܸľǡ鱳ݵǸ˺ֲܿǳĿֲҼʦǽ֣Ҳֻ˲ܰдκΰĳŵ
ǡ书·ɻĵ
Ǻܻġ
Ĭ˺ܾãֻʣ˽ͷһᣬ·ҽȥʱ򣬿и˻£Ȼ¸һߣ֪˵Щʲô
Щ׽͸ÿһǳΣյӡұΪȥµģû뵽㻹ǿˡ
˿еһ㶼һұΪ鱨ˣҪǽǸˣҿľͻôΪˡ·üǸȻܺƵӣ͵͵Ŀˣ˵ʱЩͱˡ
ѵǻڲԼʲôˣɻԻûа취ֻܲȡһЩʽԾȣ
˵仰ͻȻʲôһĴȣԱߵ·һ¡

뵽ôˡͨ죬ĻҲһüƲ߰
ɶüƲߣ·ãȻţͿﻹҧͷͳ˳ȥڱੲݵĵͷȫϳʲô
ţȥһһ˵ţһ˳ȥ
·ں濴һᣬСĵճž˼Ҹˡ
ʼʰϵĻһʰһ߲֪뵽˻ƽȻȻ̾˿
ɶʶ𡭡
˵˵ݼʵ̫߳ˣƭеˡ
˵ȷһСؤ飬·̧ͷʱѾָֻˣ˽
ʵˡϢʱʵһϾ˻ΪǻģǸʵǿˣ뵽Ϣˡ
ڻ¸Ϣǳȷпֻˣû
µ˶ҪͨҲˮж롣
·˽챻Լһʱ˰ٲõĻƽĬĬ룬ֻϣһֱôɵȥһֱ󶼱֪µݡ

ͷ㡣ѵݸ˻£Ȼ룬ֵݸһݶ
ʲôºʡ
ҼӣѪġСĵͷҲҪ̫ѹˡ
һ㶣ӹһģ治֪װ˶ٴ档
ллЦŵǡ鷳ˡ
˳ſиȥͷҲ̧ĵȻٽȥɣڻͷ鲻̫á
ǸͷҲأֱֱ뿪ˡ
ʱԼͷѾһεĬĬĸоڳʱ򣬻ԻͷһЩϸڵĹ۲졣
ڿ¿ǰʱ¶ı飬ʹһ˴һᣬֺܿµֱԼ˵ô¡
ÿԼڻ˵˽Ѿ˵ʱǻһЩͻ飬뷨ʵǴġ
ӣиֵһݵǸ˵µģյϾͺá
õġһ˵һ⿴һ۷棬۾Ȼͱסˡ
ϵ塭ġ
СＤĵݵ˭дİ
Ļʵһ㶵תͷһ۵㲻֪𣿡
ֵ֪ĵǸ˵ı飬ͺӦ֪һ
ⶫǻͷдġǸ˵ϴȥϵĻ㱨
˵뿪ʣһ˴վԭء
˵档
ôʱȻǵһοµּ

ʱ

ּһֻͻɹĺһ, ˺ܾá
ȥϣ˵Լ﾿Ǹʲôо
ûǱּʵǻԼģʼųѡƵġ
Ϊּ˵ĸоǸһ˼ˡ
˾һĶġ, κжޱ, ûκεڡ˱, , ʱ򻹺˿־塣
ֱΪԼ̫ϲˣ˷ǳ塣
ʶּȻǻ֮ʲôһӾͲˡ
ʲô̫׵һӱ֤ʵȴֶ顣
˰죬Ҳ֪ԼʲôһĬĬİѹûжκһ˵

Ҫ, ֵ˵µʱѡ, ¾˳˵һ䣬㿴µô
Ŷ𣿡Ǹ˵ĲͷЦſ¡
ҾӦûϲǸġµΪǳϲ飬ŵЩ˵Ѿһˡ
ҵǾҸϲ飬صĺӡǸͷȤĵ, ôһ˵һеĶˡ
ЦЦܵһܺõĲ, ΪܿûʲôȨ
ӦûϲֹΪϾʱƵĿ飬ҪصһЩܡܶ࣬ķǳĶࡣ
Լû취õȫϣǼǸ˵ݣ˵ԡ
ϧǸⷽ治
ϻذٲõʱ򣬻¿߹ȥ˵һһϲ
ԭڰţһ̧ͷǻ¡
Цſ˵Ҳ֣ȻһǸϺˣȴҲһǲôµġ
ΨһĹñ˵飬Լ顣
￴˻°ʲôϲأ
²¡
һҡͷҲ²
֮ڶһ°ɡЦŵʱٿ᲻ѡɡ
һ⻰ʹôһ£ӦҪѡȥʲô°Ƽȥ
̹׵˵¶Ķ鲻ôʱûзʲôֵ飬Լ⵰һûκֵöԷֺõġ
ллˣͷﻹô˵
û¡ºûпʲôƵģЦ˵

ļ죬Ĺ۲Ż£ԭٵ٩ģ⼸Ҳ̲סֱ֡
ϳ˼һͷʲôһСĿŻͷʱקһѡ
ô𣿡ﾪȵĵ
⻹ԣ۾Ҫ˼ȥˡѡĵҲǻͷƢû˵ʲô㿴Ա춼һֱء
֮΢΢ĺʶԼ͵͵۲˵ȷʵô
ͷʲô£˵ҰͺˡصĴյߵ
ˡҡҡͷ
۲飬ʹѱͨ죬µû취
Сѷ˸ۣ˵İڡ
µܹɣһһΣȻʹļϻȥǱ߸һ档
żмӰǻҪȥʱһʱ¶СӵˣԻ顣
۲컪³˼Ȥе˿ЦŵСưͷǰأҪҪȥ
ˡεߣֹסЦ
һ΢΢̾˿ʼԼ͵͵۲ʱĲ
Ǹϰ˵ģƽʱֻԶ˼ʽⷽʵС˵͵µĶѾСˣκȺƽﶼǸģһСᱻǷ֡
ԹԵǰţһСŽһӣ̧ͷһ˲䱻һæ˳˵Բ𣡶Բ𣡡
ˡ뵽ҪըˣȻƽƢõڻµġ
֪ͷ滻·ȴû
Ȼ𣬸ղи˸˵ͷǰģǻǰʲôʲôҲû˵
˵Ϊʱ·Ͽһˣ
ÿΰʱԼһһӣ·ױųģŻӵ硣
ƽֳӦǼΪεģﶼûпϾһ˻·һҲղǰȥ
ϸ룬ʱ·ȷʵǿһˣΧеˡ
ﵱʱ͵Ϊʲôôأûע⵽һ㣬ֱ㶵ƿš
ʵƿŵνģһĻ
ղŽȥͳٶ̫ˣʵҲֻƳһۣʱƺѾ·ױһ߾ʲô
յģֻнһΣȼһСС¯
һ˰һɫŰڰɫ֮С
ĹߺܰŵǸŴ͸ĵ¹⣬Ķͷͱϡ
߿һۡ
ֻһۣȻ͵˳
ǸͲǻͷϻֵı飡
ζܻԭƽﻪͷϵֱ飬º͵ģԶ΢硣
ܹ˲ƽñ飬Ҳ˷ķı顣
Ǹոջ¿ʱУʱﻹ͵ضһ¡
˫۾ƺŵģΧڻ̣ͺѾһƬ֮С
˫۾ļһӾ˵˲Ʋͷټȥ
ﾪδվ⣬ƺߣֲľȿʼƴҪܡ
ܡܡ
ˡĺΣա
Լףôһ˲䣬ŶǸ˿üֱűƿһֵʣôģ
ǼɫĻ˳ĿϵʵղžˣԾûг
Ҳһøоƺ嵭º͸С

ˡ
ͷǿӦԶĽŲġ
뵽֪Ϊʲô»˹
ģԼ֫»ˣֽů
ڡʱһƬհףֻ˸⡣
ʵԼ֪Լ˵ʲô
ԡЦŵѱƭȥװһɣ

ֶ

ִһ, Ҳš
һպþ˸ղŴȤ, һЦЩʣΪʲôһͷǱأ
ҸҪ㡣Ǹ˶ЦüüŪ۵ģҪǸ㣬ͷ˵Թҵġ
ﻹ˵ʲô´ת˳, ҪˣʱѾˣǳɡ
ŻµĿ˵𣬶ҲķЦ, ԾÿһС·, ˹ȥ
СĿۻ¡
Ȼոÿ·ǸԼûʲôڵĻʵǷǳѹԵģʹʶǻµҲĽ
ʵڵı仯ǷǳĿŵ, ҲǵһĿʼ˼ڵӸƽʱľжôĴ
˵ֱ仯Գ֮Ϊˣֵŵ˺ûעһ㡣
ԼǸոձôһ, ҲѾ⵱ϰΪһѹû뵽⾿Ƕô˲һ¡
ľԭ򡭡, Ϊһ̫͵, ûҲû˵һô׵£ôҶǳһ
°ߴԼ, ס﷢֣ͷԺ󣬺ȻڸһЩơ
ŲԶĻ£ָоǸϤĻͷˣȻҲǰ磬Ѿ΢΢Ļˣٳո֪ǻͷȴŵ˵顣
³ţһᣬͣ£һˡ
ʲô±۾
˵ڵӡر档ǸЦ
񡣡
ر񡣡ǸЦԼûвԴɱ˽֮󣬵ȷԽԽˡ
²˵Ȼ۾Ŀ
Ǹ˿ŻµЦŵղǸСﻹ˵˵ЦЦģôô䵭и⵹㡭
Դɱ˽֮󡭡ʵ˶٣
Ļ̫ˡ˵һֵİ۾ϣǸʵ𣿡
ֻǵĺ档Ǹ˴չЦŵ
ֻǱ۾˵Ǹȴڼ֮ɫȻˡ
ԼĲ΢΢ЩֽһСĸָһϸС˿ֵ⡣
ȻһƬž
˵ص㣬»˳ǸҲһԲ˳
Ǳ߿һֵۣ룬ⲻǸղǸûסСĴ¼
ֲҿЦ˶һˣϵܺ
鷳ˡԭפĲ쿴Ժ͸Ͻ˹һεЩ֣Ҳ
û¡ĻЦŵ˵ʲôһŽ
ǻͷƽʱˣĪ̧ͷһۣﲻɵð²һ£ղŻ˵ҪգھָֻƽʱˣѵרΪ
ʵȷʵӦɻ³ģʱһ顣
м֮䲻֪ʲôͻȻͿʼɱŵһ£ֺǻˡ
Ȼ˵ϰΪҲһѴ飬ǻǸеĴʻ㣬һ˶׵شǻԥˡ
Ͼڽµĵһ֯Ҫɽһ˼ڵĻȻûϱ¥ֹģͷѾеע⵽ˡ
ϱӣһ㲶Ҳ¥˼󣬾˻³
һ¶磬ڵĽһˣȽӣ棬Ҳû˻˵ʲô
ڶԭͱȽˣǻ涨ģͱ˻ǱȥҲʲô
νЩôһƨɾͶģǿŻ¹żİ·죬鶼˲ˡ
¸ŹȥˣҲȺĺ档
ľȻһкܶ˾סĵط￴Χ˾е£˵ˣȻиľ¥ɵ̧ͷĲǿ˹ȥ
ߡȷʵ̫ˡǸε˵ڸ˵׵֪ͨ飬ԡǾû뿪
ƵĻɵö¶һ˿˿ͬı顣
ʱžǻһЩܶĵ飬ЩΣգҪǿѹȥֹŭĳһֻǷв
һʼҲºܶģԼҲòӴ˼ΣȻҲͶϰˡ
ڣ̰ȺɢȫΪ˷̫ƽû֪ͨסͨˡ
ͷԱиһĲ΢΢ЩĵĿŻ£µ˵û¡ˡ
˵ţһȥ˸ոյǸָŵԱߵһοС챻ɾṦһѡ
ϰΪȴǿͷ̯ҲѾϰΪˣҪŬ
ƿԺСĵĿˣʵͦ뿴˾ǲǻ˵ġ
һɵѪζ˵鷢ʱЩŵ˽ӵϢ̸˹Ȼ**㡣
⼸ᵽζԺ󣬾͸ɴεˣεǰǺɱһˡ
ƹصѪ΢΢üǼŵǰĿһǵȻ΢΢һ
񡭡ȷʵǻˡ
Щ˲ǻˣкüϤˣ⼸˻Ը顣
ڵϵһǸǳϤСӣеڻܱѵķӣƽʱΪ˷ǳĿʣһЩѵ˲ŻḺ飬ûκβ
ƽʱżҲû뵽Ȼ￴û뵽һ״
۲˺һᣬʶٳһѩ׵ĺۼǸֳˣ˵İΪԻɽǱߵķӾôɵġ
ŬһԼȻװ˵Ȼӣ˴ڣĶ˼ơ
ͷ˵ûˡȫ˿ҲǡȺ˾͸ȥ
ҲǻϰߣһЩ򵥵ԸµһЩ顣
һᣬվŵˡ￴ŵϵʬ壬΢΢üͷȻĵ˹ȥ
ˣ鷳ˡǸصĲ˲ԼĺЩ̧ߣ鷳һˡ
û¡
µĵʵҲǰܣЩ޷ǾȽӴȻǲٵζѡ
ŵСڰŵϵˣ΢΢ĿԶһ㣬ÿһ·˽
̾˿˵ôˣôԽԽ֡
ôʱȻһ̧ߵ˴ǰ̧˵Ĳ챳ǸˣԿǸӵȴܿ
ǸھǰʱȻһЦЦݿ˶ģһַǳľЦݡ
Ѫ˫ֱֱۣĿ

ݳ

ôһ˲伸ΪԼ, ȫ¾ֻһע⵽۾
һ˫۾ضĺɫһҪû
һӦҪţۺʲô, ǷйеĿ־, ֻãȻġ
Ҳֻ侲Ŀ, ûзһ㶯
Ϊ̧˵书õС, ǵֿȲ
èĹҲûа취ֵһѾ۵ķӡ
Ӹոڹװ˯ĻôǾ͸ӵΣˡֿԺܸߣȻΪʲô
Ҫ̸߻ͷͷ
ʶ뷨, Ȼһҡҡͷɢ뷨
ˡķ, ôͻȻ뵽˻ͷոյ, ͷոպѾȥ, ˵Ҳδزһ¡
ϾҲ硣
ҪǻΪ˲¶ڿһֵģʱ򷴵ױ¶ָĲ𡪡Ͼÿʱ󶼸ŵһ, һΣҲֻȺ˶ѡ
һʱ, ԱߵһӺȻ䱬ֱӽԱߵһ˵ڵء
Ա߷ҰһˣЩһƬҡ
·һӾʹͨƽĳþһ, ضǰ, ûжֻض
Ǹ췢˾ֵĽȻǸӼֱһҰһ
һӶˣ˶ڷ, ǵصЩǣЩǡ
ܣһΧЩͨǶڣ
ﰵһˣˡ
֮ǰûˣ޷ǾǱŶһµһŶӮģһΡǶˡ
ʮŴζƽµģܾͽʧôһΡһΣͻɿµĽ
Ҳûа취ȣһЩûа취ģڻڽϵλ΢¡
ﰵһضǰֵķӣﲻͣš
˵ҲҪɱӣȴֲҪӣôضʲô˼
ǸӽֵʱԱߵһѾȣԼԼԱи˾ŵĺˣ
ȻǺҲûκοֹķ
һҿջͬһ߾бĿͷסˣǸܳȥʱӭһոճͨײ˸档
˴ãȻЩֵķӣȻһֱǸӸ˵˵ϡ
˲ҲһС
ôˣ¥ԭֵͦȺȻһͣҶ̧ͷ濴ȥ
ոŵǶųģԵǿǵݣǸղһǵܿһġ
ͲͬѰֱŵǸһӾͱˡ
ôˣȥƹһæźĿЦЦԺúȺãûʲô£ȥ
һ˵һӲͷƤȥ˵ոЩȥ˵ôˣʲôˡ
ԱߵһѵţҲѱҶ˵ȥˡ
ʵԽԽԻ󣬱Ҫѳְͷˣ˭֪ǰ˾Ȼûʲô
ǵˣ￴ﾹȻĳһ˿˿Ӧôݣʱû
ܴ˫Ѫ۾￴˱Ű֮Ѿǳˡ
ʱĶͻȻ洫һ󾪻ŵļУһᵽɤ˵бķܳȥˣǸղŵǸһСܵȥˣ
Ȼʱ´һŵļУ磡Ȼ
仰һ׹˱ȸո뻹Ҫÿ־塣
ͷͷ׻ǲͽˡ
ֻͷڳֹ֣⼸ӣ¾ԱЩδߵ˶Ѿע⵽ˣŵȫôмܵס
￴ǰǸһķӣҲ֪Ȼһתǰܿȥ
ַǳΣյΪܵʱҪ׵תܣΪ׼ҰܵҰһԼھǸҰǰܵɵһ
һ뷨ȥһͷû˰æһᴩģ
ܳ˼ǸӾȻû׷Īһִضĺ󱳣Щĺ϶һ
Ҵҵĳӣո·ȣͿ˻µӰʱڲԶһ䷿ӵݶϣĶվһҲǴӴȥķӣԶԶĶš
찡ﳹɵۣȻڴ֮ͥ£
ˡʵԼܹ֪ǲμӹһƵĳϣҲֻԱΧ۹һξ̣һװԼʲô֪·˼ס
û¿ġ硱ķʵ˵Ҳܼ򵥡ǰסӣΧС·ˡԼˣҪʱΧе˶ԳΪϷĵߣһϣͱȽϺúˡ
ֻʣһ
ڸøʲôѵһһװһͨͨ·˹ûͷԼװһ㣬һ¡硱ǿ
ﶼˣҲ֪ԼΪʲôôù³񶼳ô飬ѵǴ˵еǣ
ﲻ֪ʱ򣬷ϵĻ»̧ͷ˶Ǹһۡ
䵭ģƺܹһӿ˵ϴһźܶĿߣȴԶڵס˫۾
ݶϼòеȻ齩סˡ
Լ
ˡˡ
Īĸоˡ
ﻺסԼ࣬Ķ£ѹԼĺ
֡·඼ҪƵĸо˿ԼΪʲôںµĸоôͻȻһγϣ
Ǹ۾ǵĿŻ£ҲĿƺޱϲ
һǰϤˣȴ·Ѿʶˡ
ͣ¡ĵ
Ǹƺһ֪һĻ͵̧ͷȻ˹
¼һ˲͸оԼؿһ޷סŭȭͷ΢΢ѾܿƵĳԼĵ
ϵѵ೯濴
Ҳ֪ǲĴڸոһ˲䣬Լˣһֻһ
δȻͿݶϵķӳŻͷ˹ȥ
ֲҿ۾
Ȼʱǰһ


ǸӵĿзһ˵ĺУȻ˵ϡ
ΧһƬȻ
ˣÿĵ
찡ңҾȻܹ

ãȻ۾һʼûʶʲôֻôĴۣ·۾Ҫһˡ
Χģ˵һƬЩҡ
Ǹո۵ָоûȥ˾ǻ㱵ġ
￴ǰĶֻߵ
ãȻ룬ѵ⸽֪ʱ͵͵ȫŵ
ҲǸɵӣԼԼǵӦǡûеġ
ûС
Ǹղ༸һ˲䣬ܲ˼أ

ʵ

Ǹӵ˵, Ѿټȥˣзӿ
ĵĵͷ˳Ŵ̨ʹ˹ȥ
ڵﲻԱߵļ, ǱߵĻ¡
ոƹȥʱ, ѾͷϷ˹ȥ, ӵķϡ
ִһ󾪽У˵߶Ͷ
СĿͷַɿܻոܳ
һȥһһ, ղǸӵǸѾ, ֪ȥġ
ղеܵĻ, ȴƫƫ, ᵹһʧˡ
ҲûʲôǸӵ뷨, תһȦ, ۾һת, ˸ղ̧õǸܡ
ҵ, ȫûп澿ʲô, ֻ, аŶ˵
ͷüܶ
ôˣǻ±ǼӸֻǡ۾¿ˮ, ͷһ˸ס
氲ģֻüԼ, ܿ, ӵſһˡ

ôͻȻģſڶŵ΢΢Щѵһжı, ֪
ԭĻŵģǶȻ￴棬ʵһ, ͺ겻ɢһȥ˶ܴ
磬ô죿ԱһոչҲŴ̫ˣҸҸ涯֡
һһ仰һ˲ˣ㲻ȥһԣ㲻Ҳ㵽𣿡
ӦðۿڻôͻȻѵˣ
Ǹ˵һҡҡͷԡԣӦȦˣһһ֪£һֱڵͶء
˵ԽԽţԼûʶؿ־壬ԱߵǸ˶һʣ󣬴磬ô죿
ʲôô죿ŹǵģǸˣˡһ˽ŵĵµǳֱ⣬ûκΰ취ˡһȻԼˣǾһǲ˵ġ
һľǱˡ
һ˱۾ĵϣŵƤ΢΢Ĳ
һʼŵ˵û˺˵Ļʵ̫עˣ֪Ҳ͸˽ȥ
˭ͷĲĵӦþǻͷ
Ϊʲôôĺ»ͷ
һֱٲ󲿷ֶſеģ￴ݵǵӦǡ硱Դ¥ӺӦþûмκ֯˻е˼ʶ硱һ
Ǹ硱˭ѵ𣿿ǡġ硱Ȼţ
ƺǰѻͷϳһˣֵǣǵ˿ϴ˼ƺǾѾᶨΪͷһǸˡ
˵ĶԻиոտĻͷ֪ĲһЩʣ˵Ǹ˵˭
Լ־һ˵ĶԻһ˻СĿŴ⣬ȻСĵһһĲ̡
һʶҸղſӰҾϳˡû뵽ȻҲ֣˭뵽ŵĻһ𣿡
ǡѾȫѻͷǸ˰룬ܾ˵ĻЩ֣ƺǲûаѻͷϳ磬Ǹˡֻһ缰Ƶ
ʱ˿̾Ͳɵ룬ͷ׼ЩԷһС¶ڵĴʩóǡʲôôҲûأ
ӵʺţʱִ˵磬ǽ𣿡
УҽɡһЩ͵˵׻˵ΣյĵطȫĵطʱӦûΪЩǸոնǴܳȥġ
һѱƿ˲ͱĵɤ˵ˡ
˭뵽ҵԻ·һҲΣյĵطȫĵطԲƵ˻
ı۾͵رƿ⴫ֵףôһ
ѵЩŪҩ̫ûʱѹ
˵ĽŲĳ߿ĺҪͣˣߺеһ˲ŵϣǸŮˡ
ǵطŮ˿ɱҪµĶˡԱߵһЦ˭費ǡ
Щ˶˭ģ˹ƵǸС˵ǻϲļ֮һҲΪȻܰҲ˹ơ
ǺǣǸСҲף˴͸ҵĹơһҪĹƿɲף˵ֹƶ׾Ϳһ㡣
ǳײҶˡ
˵ղͲҶոպôţԼӲľһľһ
۾һ߿һڽ̸ţһᣬеһ˵˵Ů˻ͦƯġ
ƺһֻҪžֱһָֻĵˣ˵ˣ
ѾˣҶһôˣһЦŮҲʲôûɫǰǶʲô𣿡
ѽʱˡ
Ůرĵطһ˲䣬˻֣ΪŮ˵ĵطˡ
ͬʱҲʶǳԵˡǻ
ѵǻͽ߻һӷ¼
ǡǿеǸ˭
ˡ谭İѻͷϳʲôˣ

֮ǰ۸ӣǴȴûһԴը
һ̣ϵͻԶһ
ģģټ٣޴ӷֱ档
ЩʹѾǧٴεı֪ǼٵġδҲ̫ˡ
ȻʱһֵĵǵȵȡҺ񡭡ǵҸŮ¹ưѵһСйƵ𣿡
ﻹûȷӦͺȻԼĸ첲һʹ
ûסһ۾ȻԼ첲Ȼһѵ˸Դ
ɴ۾Ȼһֻһ﾿ǲķӣԳ˵
û뵽ﻹĲǡ
һĻʵͦϲЧģ￴ĿɿڴĿԼͻȻ䵭
һקԼϵĵȻȷ˵ĳ˳˹ȥ
Ȼᡭ˲ǷӣŵģһڷӦˣ͵ָɱ
Ǹով˴䣬侲
Ŀˣ׼ֱӸƴˡ
ȻҪǰմѪĵʱȻһ졪
ű˴һѵ͸ţȻȻǰһ˵ĲһѪ
ǸԼĲӾֵļţѪֹסĴ˿
ӵѪζ˲ֱŨ
ʣµһ˾ֵĿ棬ȴֻǸս˵ͷ赭дǰȻסͷݺݵǽһײ
ǸһҽжѾ˹ȥĲҽ﷢ģһߺţһƴӵĽȥ
ʱ䣬·ͳ˰ǵ
һ˽˿˭
ֻǴ̱ǵѪζ˷·ֻһεһ㡣
ΧȻӵȻļžֻǸ˵ĽŲ
ַ·ܰ˵ѹƵĸоˡ
￴ǸӰһĳԴһǡҺȻͱˡ
Լ֪Լʲô
ӡƺǱһɾ޴Ŀ־кû
ʵֻһãȻظš㲻Ҫ㲻Ҫһ߶µĶ˾˵

ʱ˿̣·еһжѪɫģٵģ˵ģ˵ãѾֲ˭˭١
ϵһж˻ԡ
׻˵ظǧôҲһ
һֱһǳеˣõע⵽һЩ˴ע⵽Ķ
ĻԸûʱԼѾܹˣ·˫ֵס۾
ˡ
ֲ嵽ʲô棬ʲô¼١ϵһвǻԵĻһܹ
۾ŵһһǰ˹ȥȻһ̣ͻȻһͣ

һ˫֣ǰѵ
û°ɣһᣬϤĶ
·һ̣ΧѪζһӾ͵ȥ
·͸еĻԣǰ
лҪ˵˼ΣΪд˼Ҳò̫⣬ʱ˵㣨Ϲ
ͷŶ=أ=

İ

Сʱȥ, ģջѾȫˣֵȫ, еĻĳ¥ָָ㡣
ŵЩ˳˸ղż˵, ȫۼ棬ҲС
ĴѾ, ϵ·ҲѾһ
˵˶ӵĽ, 첲Ѿȫ̧ˣԱߵĴոոҩһˮ
ϻѪۻһͷҲ, ⸱ģʵЩǱ, ȸոҪȶĶࡣ
ǰڴĻ£ǼǴһ, ȷǵ, ղűˣһͺոճֵǸȫһ
ͷ, ԱߵĲ쿴Ż£Щֹ
￴Щֹı飬֪ΪͻȻЩЦ, ոЩ˿ۿΧЩӶһƵĻͷһ˸ɵ, Ǵʱ˿̵һûбƽ١
Աߵˣղзܵ𣿡
ԡǸ˿Ż޺ӣСĵĵ˵ͷ, 񡭡һ
ˣ֪ˡµ˵ͷԲⶼҵĴûȷϺá
ûУûУǸæҡͷҲĴЩ̫ƻˡ
һ԰Ŀţûһ񣬶һȫİ۲Ż¡
Ǹӡһ취һġµõģһḺġ

Ÿµļ죬ǸҲķʼٶԻղľˣϵЦҲøһ㡣
ں氲ŵ룬Ϊʲôأ
񲢲ûʶµǶô˵ȴǽëһǽߣȴ׺ԵĶ
ֺһˮںΪʲôΪʵ̫ƽˣƽľһͨһ
ƽʹ˶֪ȴҲܰһͨ
˻ͷЩô죿һһȳһյ˹ʱһСӣ˺صˣͦģתͷ˵أ
ңǸСӾȵָָԼңҲЩ˶ǻģҺ¡

¿˿ڵϵЩ˵ˣȰǹػţȻʱҪ˵£䲻ҪûǱߵ֪
ǡ
ת˳һᣬ߾Ͷһˡ

顭Ǹһģ±Ǹˣ΢΢ü
ǡ
߳ǸһȳһյСӣҲû̫Ц˵ӦóƺΪˣҡǴ˵۾
³һǸµģҲЩװεķܹƭң
ԡǸСӵ˵ͷҪܺһ㣬ô˵ڴǰ䣬ڡ
Ļû˵꣬ͺȻһ㣬ûϵĲƾյĶһ˿ڡ
侲侲ͷ亹ĵҾǶһ㣬㲻Ϊֻһ˰ɡ˺üôֻܾһ
»վͷβûж
Сӿ˻һᣬЩ鲻Ըĵıֿ˵ǲˡõĴ˻ȥ֮㡣
Щ˸Ʒ裬ȻҹҪĳɹЩˡ᲻ϳɻ𣿡µĵ
һԭ㲻ϸĻ»ȥûʲôùӳˣʱҪԡϲ㡣ǸСƤЦⲻЦĶԻµϣҲܰȻĻ
ԭأ
ǲ߷˻ļˣǸ˹ơǴùǸܲңȫûͦǸСźҡҡͷ
Ψһǽ춪˵ǸһʹͦҲʣ¶ˡ
仰ƺûʲôı䣬Լ֪Լĺһ˲䶼ͣһ¡
Ǹܶ˵ķǻ͵֮һֵ¸ƹŻһЩҪĶСӵҪ
ô᣿ʡ
ϲһ櫵ŮˡСӵ
ǸŮҲǵġǣʱ価ס棬Ҫǡ
һ
Ůˣһ˵ŮˡǸСÿŵϵŮô࣬˭뵽ȻͶŮ˶أ
Ǹ÷ӱǣȴҲĶ
һİ飬൱ˡ
ط˺ǰͿˣ㲻żֻǻܻĵһɱԺһȫġ
¿˿Զɽ֪ʲôãŵĵȷʵǸ÷
ûǸСͬĵ˵ͷ
֮ǰһҪǸߵķץһоͶǰˡ

Ҳûд೤ʱ䣬氲վţŵ˰ЩǸһһİãȻѺȥ
ʦ˵ʵûܿЩװεȷĹʧʵҲû̫ϸ
Ϊϸͻ̲סȥǷ֮ᱻ͵ʲôط
֪ɴ߱Ӧĺһ㣬ȴԼõһڸ
ֻ˵ҺΪлĹϵЩʱʲôΣա
Ѿ˹ƣ¶ȷǻܱܲˣһ޷ǣô죿
һ󣬻תͷȥѹеЦô˿ڻ𣿡
һۻ£ͷ˿Լĸ첲еۣѾ֮ǰöˡ
ĺܶԲ𡭡Ǹĵܵ΢һ㣬¾Ͳᷢˡ
ûϵġҡҡͷˣҵĸ첲һʱòˣҾȥæ
㡭һ£ͦϣȥȥˣȴַʽ
ûµġͷ
»˵ʲôץͷȻոǸСֹˣͷǸĶһЦҪʲôŶ˻ͷҺȻһЩ飬ˡ
һ仰ûü˵Ϳ˵ץͷһԶԶġ
ıӰ֪ΪʲôͻȻЩһӻɤͻȻֱ»ȥĸо
ѽûСе˼ǸСӶŻ»Ц
Ҿ㡣ĿһۣҪ֣򡭡ȭͷĹǽ
֪֪ǸСһ㣬ҾǿͦȤġ
Ҳ֪֪Ŀ󣬻᲻ٶˡ


Ѫɫ

֮Ľ˵, ϢʱҲ΢΢һ¡
ϾҲ˵ܽܽĵط
ʱҲֻǸṩһѣԼû뵽˵ͽȥˣҲһܿĵط, ܹͨȥġ
ȥҲûʲôĶ˵ӦǸֵͳԷһµĴ, ֪ͨ߼Ҫõ, Ȼûκζˡ
Сƹ쿴ʱûסһ, һ鰡㡭ûʲôӣѵ㲻𣿡
, û, Һܿİ￴ŻһãȻĵ
ϴδ˺첲ϾһֱźɴҪ⿪õȵһԺ˵ˡ
㡭ôһֱЦأ
˻µĻ㶵ĿһᣬȻ, ҾáֻǼһ, Ҳʲôرֵף顣
ֻǼһң¾ȵЦſѾǳĲˡ˵ҲһʲôرõĵطҲܽȥġ
Ҿﻹáҡ˵ͷʵҪĶˣҲûô²𣿡
˵Ż»Ĺ, һ, Ȼת뿪ˡ

˵ҵϢڴ󲿷˵һը, Ϥ˵Ǹǳ˼, ٿʱ񶼲ͬˡ
֮ǰǴ󲿷˶ӡͣһޱӱȽС, ӡͻȻıˡ
Ϊﲢһʼֱӽҵģ˵˵ҵˣȻ̸һʱңǸ˳İ
žһ׳٣ѿʱСòԡǼģ
˵ȥ˵Ҹ˵£ǵġεĵֻǸܹʤݹѣ֤ѡˡ
Ļ˵꣬ͿѶĿ⽥ĴСģ
ε̾˿
ĲԼЩʲôġ
Ͼ˵
ѽⲻܸڻͷƨɺܵǸС𣿡ﰲŵʱǰȻһˡ
￴һۣ˳ûסһСĴ˻ͷҵСӡ
һãһ¡ûиҪȥû뵽һ߼һߵѽ㲻ҪŶ㿪ҰҾǾͦ˼ģ㻹ΪǼҸǸ˰ɡ
ûͷĵ෴һͦмġ
ʲô˵ʲô˵̫СǸ˺
ûʲô
һγɹƹȻѵ˼档
Ǹƹȥ˿ıӰú󣬺ȻЦ
˼
û뵽ͦСȻİѻ¸ϳɻˣ

ϣһεȥ˻￴ֵĻƣʵǲǸϴʱ򿴼Ĳ̫һ
СϲɫΪϲΧĵƶˡ
ͷǰεһֲþ͸Ƿֿˡ
ͷǰʱʱ˵飬û˵
˵ˣ˵Ǹˡ
ҲţﶼǽŵģҲ֪ʲôʱͻ£Ȼ￴ͦõġ
ɣлͷ𡭡
ͷ
δ˵꣬е˼Ҷͷô֣˶ʵЩĲ¡
ҡͷҲǸˡ
ûвЩ˵ۣǸС㡱
С㣬˵һŮˣҲǿС̧Ůˡ
վִССĺ棬Ȼ֮ǰĵѾкܶǺɫˣܹѽӳһƬȴôû졣
̫ˣֱǰֶһ
վڽϣôһ˲ֱֲԼںδ
һĽֵϣվһ棿
̫ˣʢʱΪٵĻһȴֲ˶á
ʢĿƯĻʢʱ˥ܵʱ
ˣ
ǻˣ
ϵ
ʱ䣬һ紵˵ĺһ˶תͷĳ
Ƿĺ˼

վһɫĵͷţתͷһۣպÿǱ߳һˡ
ǰźŮˣŮһŲᣬ߶ʱͷϵĲҡĻζš
⻹һӸЩŮںһѴֽɡ
ɡ棬ϵһֻܹԶԶĿţȴԶҲ
߻һµŮˣŮ˴ɴӣֻ⿴·뵽ҡҷִʡ
ĵĳ߿һۣ￴˫۾ȻһģԵЩƵĸоϸĿ˿һԴۡ
ſţ߾Ƶ⼸嶼Ѿסˡ
һҲûƿߣôֱֱĸš
۾ǿ꣬ϸһ·䶾һ
ߵĴɨȥŬĸӣҲûκε˫۾һ˫һëһĴɨһ飬ɨ˹ȥ
￴ȥӰĤݵķǣֻҪĵ
ǸӰʹѾת׼ȥ˵߲ε
Χĳȵܰ˿
Լߵͬڳ³һ
ȻϢ΢΢һССĻȡ
ССĻУһζֲ뱻κ֪Сܡ

¡ߵͬµÿο񶼲ᴭˡ
Ҳǡʵӵģǻʵ̫ˡ
㲻𣿡ԱߵͬºȻץͷҿղžֱ㶵ĳǰ棬ѵ»濴㣿
¡ﵭĵʲôɺµġ
ҡѾˡ
Ļ˵꣬ͳɹĿͬɫһףͬʱ˸һ
ת뿪ʱ򣬻˵治Լȥ˵ϴĺ˰Ǿǲһ
̫ˣСƹ˿ģôô󡣡
ÿ𣿡ž¥ϣ櫺ȻԱߵô΢΢һתͷȥŻڿ
ÿЦŵֱһ
𡭡
濴ŵڡȼաŵĻֵȷʵǺƯǸոѪһ



ˡ
Ǹô
˵, е㲻ԾǸ˵ȥ
˺ʵɵĻ, ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
ˣǰӻܵǸȥˣǸ˺ȻЩźĵ, ץ, û뵽Ȼܵˡ
һûһӵ뷨µ
ҲǸӡǸЦŶԻ˵
ʱ򲢲Ǻϲ˸˵ڶԴһһ
ô˵ҲǸ, ʱȴֹûں
㻹̫뵱ȻˡǸҡҡͷ
ǸӦûȥˡϾ֮ҲʧһԱ󽫡
Ǹ˵ĻȻ飬ڲ֮, ¾յĳȥϢ
һμǸ, Ѿƽʱһ, Ǹǳ˵Ľ
˵˻Ǳߵ顣Ӻ˵Ǽ顭
֪ǲǻµĴܹ˵Ŀֻ֮ȥƣ
²׶Щʲô൱, ŻڽȥôǷϡ
̫, ЩҲѾˣȥ𻨴ǱߣҲһ°ɡǸ˵£Щͱˡ㲻鷳, ҾͰһЩ齻㡣
鷳̵, ˷Ը飬ô鷳
λʵҲû߻ʲôһͽ, һúõĸάùϵǣһҪŭ档
ڶ£æչ˺Ķӡ
λ˵ĶӣǸͱ˻һڿضţʼնҸֱӵķ
ӡĳģЩ̫档Ӻͷ۵˵
⻰ûĬĬ˵ľ͸Сһ
浹Ҳһһ£һЩԼļ֡Ǹ˵
µû仰ʲô
ͷ̧
Ҫת뿪ʱ򣬺Ȼô˵һ㶣ǰȥǸ˰ӿĸ˵㡣
˳Ĭ˺ܾãȴо۾ǻ˰죬Ķͷһֱ°͡
һᣬ̾һ
ˣȥɡ
±ĪĿһȻĪıҪȥˡ
˵ӦһãȻģҲļװһãȻ
ȴûֳôƽ
ܾ¶벻Ϊʲô˻ͻȻΪˣǽʱ̣Ǹ˵ľٶûһ˿롣
Сʱ棬ȻʱӦûпԼĳ࣬˵Ҳһ
»ܴԼϿ״СʱһЩӰӣӦֻΪԼһĸˣûһˡ
뿪ʱ򳤳̾һ
ˡǲûʲôͻģ뷨Ǹ˵뷨һ㶼ͬ
Ȼ˿ͦһܰƤԻ飬Щ߰ӦûйĲ롣
ϱӽһֱֵ´ţôҲ䲻һ³ֻϧϱӦҲǸ˲߷ˡ
ǻվĻܹ뵽ģѾϴԳɹӵĻ˳ɻΪ˸˽ʲôЭ飬Ϊ˷ֹ»£Ż˵Щ
ҲǸǰʱ˽Ӵԭ򣬵һֻһԺ¶ҲͲôˡ
¸ճȥþͿ˷ʱ͸˺Ƶģתͷߣȴû¸סˡ
ôˣҪȥʡ
ҡҾ㿴Ż£Ҳڰôأ
˹ȥ˵ͱһ¶ĳЩʵǺܴȵġǸȽôĻǾҪӵĴˡ
߰ɡߵߣ˵һ䣬һ£ȻӲͷƤǰߡ
һֱڴͣԴϴδӻɽԺһֱģǳĲϾƢӦһϲǵˡ
ŵҲСĴôˣǷɽϵƵտڲᡣ
Ҳû̫ΪʲôܰȻĻصţȻڻܳǾ˵ŵӦ֪ġ
ҲɵȻˣҲӦǱˣˣµҲ֪ô½͡
һֱһԸ͵Ǹˡ
һԲĲţ˴˼һ΢ĳĬ
ʶԼԱߵ˺пܾnԺĶͷ˾ʱҲЩ΢ġ
ŴҲȣִٹһᵱٵģŵ˵ǱŽӰĿġ
ʵ˵δϴû²һŨŨΣУһǸˡ¾Ȼһ˿ο
Ȼɵһ㣬ǡʵеۻǶеģһݵλǸѵõûгĺúӰ
ҡϴڻɽϲġߵһ룬ȻĿİͰ͵˵˵ĺܴǾ˺ܾãͻȻڳ嶯֮ºһ
仰˺ܾˡ
˵仰Ϊ»ֱӱ۾
ԭ飬Ȼһ仰˼·
۾Ӱ죬˵ʲôͺȻоԱƺڿ
ʶԼӦ˶š
ϵĻһתܿԼҪ˵Ļ
˺ܾúܾãûио۾ΧȻһˡ
ſյĽֵ࣬ЩȻʧ

ٹաҵˡ櫿ڻĻС˵
Դ˺֮󣬶һ˿ȵϢһġ
Ц׼ˣҾһϲġ
ҲһҪ͸㣬ӦҲϲġ˵žʹԼĿڴͳһӡ
Ҽǵǰ˵ϲոѪɫԾѪһ㿴
滹ŨѪⶫͳʱ򣬻ĺȻ˼ҵı仯
ôˣ櫹װʲô֪Ƶģæ˹ȥס˻棬ɫǺܺõӡ
СķŻȻҪժϵ߰ȴϢĶ˹ȥ
櫵΢΢һ٣̶ʲôûзһŻ档
ߣ
Ȼ䱩ŭǸߣ
櫱ŵö˵һ£ʶԼ⣬Ҳ˵㣬˵ǿ֣⵽ôˣ
ܡֻ̫˰ɡЦŶԻϢһᣬͻˡ



ڻ油
ڵæ, ˺ܶܶϣץһл˯
˵źܶ벻׵Ķ, ˵ǰôһˡ
ʵ˵Ѿǵ˻µģҪȥæ, Ҳûǿͬ
˯, ͻȻߴһļãȻ̧ͷܿһۣʣôˣ
ѣ
Աߵһһŵĵ, оոǹɱ𣿡
ʲôɱ
ԺźȻо͵һ, һʶĺѸӿ
̧ͷãȻĿ˿ֻǶֵĳһ˹ȥ֪ڿʲô
ǵɱȷʵĻš
ǡôˣ۾
ʵھȻͦ, ܾԼΪǰ쾭ͬĳļȶʵʵš
ɱǻġԱߵ˽˵
Լǰʲô, ΧЩҲǺױӰ, οɢɱĻǹ
ʱߵһͻȻȻһץסԱߵһ, ŵǸ˺һ¡
, һԼ˵ĸ첲ƽʱͳȥֱˣ˵Щѡ
ｹʱ, һɸǿҵɱ͵ѹ˹ǸղŻڼķǱס˺һ͵ع˵ϡ
ΧһӾͱСΧ˶ͷҸ˵Ҳֻܸűְ
ֵĻһӱĳеĳһӷͣһ
˺ܾãǰ˴æ˹Χ˵û£û£ոֻǰһСʧˣ˳ѹ
Χ仰Լͬһ˲ָ˻Цͣ͵ķΧһֱ
ںɫĵ滶Цţ·ոôһ½ֻǸ⣬ֻߴδ
￴ŸոչǸִҴҵȥˣȻҪȥ֪ͨһȺˣȻϿκϲ෴һֺĸо
ɫϣо˿ů⣬ֻһ͸ı䡣
ǸתԺİ۾˻
ô¡ͷող뿪ðɣ
ǰ桭ʲô

ڵذѾȫѪȾˡ
櫱Լĸ첲ֵĶڽһ˶ڽķ
Ķɢɢһأȴûһ˸ǰȥΪǶҿǰڷĻ档
ʱ˿۶ô˶ǰȥ
ոմյصģˣڽﲻҴǰȥ
ڻ濴ʮʹӣոڴ櫺ͻȻסԼͷʼġ
ܹڲͣظţСܳ֡ܶ֡
Χ˶ǰˣŻ治ظĻ侲
ʼһһǱߴգԱߵ˿ľٶСĺס櫹ܡܴչȥ
ĺȷͣһ£̶ֺԥֳǰŲȥ
˻ԱߣСĵˡңң櫡
ɵͷԥһᣬȻһҧԼִ˻ϣһظһú£û¡
Χ˵У櫰ѻ汧סһᣬ滺̧ͷ櫡
櫿һ˫Ѫ۾𶯣ʱ˿ԼôһҲˣʵڻǰһܷ
ԼֻڽһģҵӮˡ
澲ĿܾãһֱŬķŻԼ֪ϲʲôӵ
ģЩݵģһ京ŵõһọ̃ȴԲ
ھάӣԼĵӾĿŻ棬ֱŻ۾𽥴ӿµĺɫָƽʱӡ
ʱһѷס
櫵ĺ͵һͣȻĶЩµģ˵Բ𡭡ոʧˡ
ΧڿŵҲһֱС͵ţֱܾԺ󣬲˳̾һҵϳ˽ٺı顣

櫽ĿڻĻ۾ȴǿµ䡣˵һ˴ܹ˵ģʱڻߣҲʶ˲پ˵飬ȻһΡȴûп͸
˵Ѿپܹ͸ˡ
ֻߡ˼·Ѿǰˣ
ĥ˰Σֱſʱָֻ˰ӣŻ澲ĿԲ𡭡ҡҸողġ
û͹櫿һЦ˳ûµģ֪
˵仰ԺۿŻ濴ֱһ֡
櫿ȴѹֲסϲãһϲҲݵ۾Իʣôôˣ
Ϊ櫵Ҿá
Բ𡣡ĬһᣬֶһǸе㲻Ծʲô˲ˣȥֹһѪɡ
櫶Ż΢΢Ȼת뿪ȥתȥһ˲䣬̾Ϣһ
¡һʼʧأô׾ָܻ
ϾڵĻҲѾǵǸڵĻ桭ҲѾﻢˡ
Χ˶Ѿȥһ˰ڴǰ֪ЩʲôһᣬȻ֪¶һ΢Ц
ڴʱӵĴȻĪĶһ¡
ƺ̧ͷźȻվһˡ
˭濪ڵ
ǸֻǾվû˵
ͬһߣΪǣû۾۾һġ
̧ͷ˻档
ʱ˿̲ŷ֣˺û۾
пǸäˡ
ԶʧԶӭ֪¾λأ
һԲ߽Ȼͳһѵ

ۿ˾ľѾ졣
ˡôϢģһ㶼ûв
ʵ˵ʱգܹûº޲ôѾˣĿǰΪֹҲֻôһ
ˡŬţϱӡҲûгֹһϹ۾书ôߵ˰ɣ
ɲ˵һ仰ֻǾֱ߹¸ոջں櫵ݼ֮Уȫʲôʱģֿ˶١
ߵ˻µǰµһθоôֲϢԼͷϵ亹·Ҫˡ
ʱ˺ȻЦһѻһ̶
һζ氡棬û뵽гһҲ䵽³
ã
»ĺë
ʱ㿪Լոŵλã뿪ĺһ룬ǰѵѾոڵλϡ
ǵ΢΢Ĳţµλǻµķ

ʲô

İ
ͷϵ亹ð˳, ľȫ֪ĸðļһˡ
ǸȻϱ״Ҳûмǻܻҵһ˿, ˡԴ㲻˭
ˡ̫ˣһֵĸо
ԼԵһ硣
Ǹ˲ûԱߵǰѵ´ʱ˿ҲҺ˹ոպòôһʵϷʱ˸й׻ǰġ
˿¶㿪, ҲûκεĲֻԤ֮һ, ӻͳһѵ
½ĿǸ, Ѿþöûˡ
˵Ҳ֣˭ûзܴ, ͺһ, ˭Ҳ֪ڷһ
ֳһѵ˹, һˣĿԼͷȥһ, Ʈ䵽˵ϡ
㿴Ҳûеô졣Ǹͷ֮˵
˵Ҳ֣֮ǰÿμ㣬ɲ⣬ǵҲѾøһ֮ҺȻ, Ҳûеô
һ˵, һˣ˸
ĥе˼, ԥŵ֮ǰ
һƬž
˲ûлشµ⣬ֳ˹, һλ³˸ۡ
ȵԷ쵽ԼʱŽԷһַ˭֪Ҳ˻µͼ;УӲ˻µľ֡
˵ٶҲһЩԻ¿˶Էĳλá
еãȻ
µͷԼĶӣ˵ǲǸղ˴ʧ̫ˣȻôأ
ԭΪ˵жϾոһȷʵľλãǸղŶԷǿйջȥһУû¿Ĺ켣
ˡΪɶһ˼ıԼ߰͹ȥģ
Ǵ
ͷզ˶Ա˵߰͹ôȤأ

Сߵ˻ڵ¥棬ûأͿѾΧ
ûҴǰȥĶں棬ȻСĿǰ档
ԺһСӱ̧˳ӵһֻƿ˵櫹Ȼȥɣ櫹Żˡ
ۿǸСȥ룬ǸϲŮˣ櫣
뻪ͷվһĻ磬Īľ;òô
˵ôǿŹֵֹģܾãͷӦǻϲֹˡ
Щȥˣϲȥֻ̾˿ĳȥ·ײһˡ
Ʋ졣Ǹ˶ǸոմĻ
ǰ档￴һˣ˵ÿһ£Ҫˡ
ǸЦſǰڵҰﵲˡĪĿò̫Ϊ⸽ĺɫƹԭĪľ˱ǰտЦøζһ㡣
ҾӦøոմӶֻɡǸ˵ϵı飬Ӧӡ
ĻͣĻͷ
ôôأʡ
Ҳ˵ʲôֻת۾˵ͷոչԺͻȻʧһһֱ֪
￴ܾãȻҡҡͷ֪
Ҿ͵ùȥһˡǸЦ˵׼ƹȥ
һ£û취ȥǱߵģǱߵ·Ѿˡæ
ѽƲ죬ող˵㲻ǴǱ߻𣿡Ǹһŵ
һϤټԸһһʮĸ𣿡һƽĵ
ҪȥһͷҾ͸һȥҰɡ
˵žƽǸ˵ߣ˿ܾãҲû濴ʲô
¥ϣɺǸ˶š
ʵʵ˵ضƴ˼֮󣬻µѾĵ߰˰ˡ
Ծˡ
½룬˵֣ӦһӣϾ󲻵һͨ书ӡ
һӣΪʲôԻµʱһ仯ûأ
ǻԼһķսǸڿʱȻ䵱ڵϣʲôʧ̬顣
ϴγǸζĹ֮˵һоûУȷⶫʷһЩ΢Сĸı䡣
ӵ֡һ󵨵Ĳ²⣬˵׼ҲһԹǸֵĳӡ
²²˭ܹڳְԵĳܻ֮ţҾȻûȫӣʱ˿ֻﰵǸˡ
㵱ĵ˵ԼǳӺΨһһģôֻıĳһ
˭Ҳǿbugܱѵģ˾ȻôӲͦû裿
ֶ㿪˵һڴʱ˿ʵһЩŵģΪƽʱŹƵѹԵĴ˵ģ˾ȻͬȵĹƣôŵĻ¡û취йˡ
Ψһֵҵľֻòеëר߰͹档
˵è׽Ϸվ˶õġ
ܾǰʵһȡĻģֻʱҾܾˡǸ˿ŻǱĵڵϺ󻺻˵ҿ⸱ӣ͸ı⡣
滺ȥ˵˿˻ʲôӣʲô
װɵ⡭ʲôû˰
ʲôʲô֪Ǹ˻µǰӸµ˵û۾ȴܾڱĿԼȻôôȡɣһĻܸһ㡭
¿ĵһȥˣ»¾ͳ׹ˣԲ˸С
˿׼ƴһѵʱȴȻһ¡
ͬʱǸҲͣסԼĶ
ոջڵϵĻڶһ֮󻺻̧ͷһۡ

һܹĪһƤ
һжΪͻȻ̧ͷ
виոյκλңȡ֮һķ
ɺŵҲˣ
ʲô֪㡣ϵĻ˵
˵Ҳ֣ȥûκεı仯Ǵʱ˿̻˵Ļȴһĵ׷ĸо

ȻͶôһξͲٻųȥˡ
һ룬Ŀ·𶼱ճһŨѪζС
ͷأǸ˲ţ˸£϶װڵġ
ȵȣһһʡ۾ڽϻһȦͻȻһĳطȥ
ʡһźߵĹʶһµ𣿡

۾

ǸϴźߵĹͷһۡ
ʲôĵ
, ˡæ˵źߵĹﲻʶһֲͷǸһˡڲ֪ȥ, Ǻܵ
, ȥŮ˿, ŲҴҵȥĬĬһ
һתͷ, ͿǸضװµĵôˣ
û¡Ǹ˿, üë΢΢һ, ֻû뵽ƲȻͦһ׵ġ
￴ˣҲĶü

¥һƬɱ֮, ոɨĵֶ˼졣
ȼǹѪ, һֹżֱͷΡ
ӵ룬вײ, һ˶ϵƿȻһڡ
¶촽ͬѪһĺ졣
ڷĽһڼѵĴϢš
ǸԶԶģϵѪѾ͸·
ĵһڲ֮˵
ǸɶڽһԲ, Ȼѹû۾λã˸оڰĿŻ档
ողǽɱôȻôأ
㻹ھȼţҲǸ˻ͻȻܵʲô, ֻǼĸԼ衣
ʱ˿ľͻȻͷ˾޴ı任ȻʮֵġƽƲסɱȴΧһлŵﶼĬ
˵￴ͦгģڻɵ¶ᵱȥ
濴ǳӣȲĸоʮֵ⡣
κ˿˫۾ʱﶼð뷨ˡ
˫۾ﵹӳĺɫ·ʢһѪıŰɱⶼ档
Ǵߵ˰˺ܾãͻȻɳƵһ֣㡭
Ļδ˵ֳ꣬ĬҲżһߺȲһߵȡ
㾿ʲô취űûģãǸɳƵ˵
Էʲôһ𾪵ˣͷʵľȻ
沢ûȻش⣬ʣأ
Ǹ˾ͺȻס˿ڡ
ĿɿڴΪԼҪ׷ˣ˭뵽ʱ״ͻȻߣȻ󽫶Ǹ֪ðļһﰴڵʹ
ʹһ֣ʱ²ʶһ顪ĸðͣ򲻹µС
ʼǸ˵ʱ򣬼ΪԼԵһ״ˣǵ״гֵʱ򣬻²ŷֲˡ
Ȼһ룬˵ȷʵѾȵ֮ǰ״ˣֻ״СҲѾǴǰǸ״ˡ
Щӻ䵽ʲôزԼǲ壬ֻлܼңС˧˵װ׵ġ
ôģһ⣬һ״е⣬Ϊһ㣬Ի۳˺Բ֮ǰ״еˡ
ڡ״пȻû£
͸ǲ豭еˮˡԼڵ۾Ѿȫ˵۾ˣ漸κӦеֻʣɱ⡣
ӦòżȻΪЩӰġ
ˡȻ״жѾˣΪʲôھȻܰ˵أ
»״Ҫܵѹ˵ϱӶҪأϾϱ¥ĹģȻȻĹģҪܶ࣬ڻٷ֮ʮ˶ǷӣҪеЩ˵ķ񡭡ǿܺķѵľҪĶࡣ
ұõķòϡ˻ᣬ˼ɳƵ˵
Һֲ֡Ūһ¸ӵոҸ㽻ֵʱ򣬷õλõĻǳһҽʱѾȫûзӦˣҵСɶûв
ҸϹҲֹ޲ⶼһЩŹ⽵СɣҲһһЩ΢Сϸϻ᷸һЩ󡣡
Ҳ²⡭Ϲģ𣿡
һµ˼ֻ
Ϲġ״иղŽ־Ѿôණ롣
ȣΪ˽ֵʱʲôûȫֻضˣûа취ȥ۲ʲô
Ǳߡ˹ȥأǸߵ˳ײ˵ˡ
á״аѱһţ㲻˵ʲôͺã˵ҿˣ˵ܷŹһ
˵
Щȥˣ
Ǹ˳Ĭ˺ܾãȻȻ˵ȥһѵļܰȫõı˵׷ɱ
á״ֵ˵ͷ
һԿĪ֪ʶ״иǲʶȻΪʲôϤĿԻ
һãȻĿţоһ
Ȼ״оʳ˵ڶ⡣
ǲΪ֮ǰ£Բҵģ
Ǹ˰Ķǽ棬ƺԥ˰죬ͻȻһҧǣ
һ°ܽôʲô¸ӵĪˣ⻰˵զͦƵء
һ⡣ʡ
Ǹ尵䱸ʶӦڵһʳԺ׼ܣ¥Ҳ㣬Ա߾һ󴰻˴ʲôڵûС
ʱȴ˾ϵĻ

۾ԼŪϹ𣿡

źŮ˸¥棬΢һ㣬Ů΢΢һϹȻԵȣȥлˡ
С鲽¥ﰵԶԱߵ˷һ۵˰ɣ˵˻ͷȥȲˣҪһ
ϣϣǸеĿʼＷüŪۣ⻹ûôأѾôŻͷˣҲ˵ңȻҵҪǸͷһСʲô㻹üҰ
㡭
ո˵һ֣ûټ˵ȥʱ¥ϴ˻µͷҴҵľƵ¥ݱȵ֨֨죬ôˣʲôˣ
ͷ￴æ˷ܵĻ˻֡
µ΢΢Щ԰ףƺΪ˯߲Եʡһˣ˵ôײһȥ
ﻹûü˵أͻȻԱߵвĵͷǺøȲ˱Ȳˡ߸˵ͷְأͿɾĻˡ
ҸʲôʲôŲ춼֪ġ仰¶˻ȻЦݣȻЦ˵
ߣһŵĲŲ顣б۵ԱߵŲ죬ȴȻֻͷɫ԰׵Щ֡
ôˣ롣
̫æ۵

ֵ

ƻԻ͵Ļ֡
ˣǸղŻŸո¥ϻ, ͻȻ淢һ졣
ʶԣæ¥ȥ鿴ոսžͿ϶һ̲Ѫ
ô£һ, ոѪѾɾֻѪǸոջŪԼ
ˣ
Ļ, ץͷĿһ, ﷢һ, ˣڲŹ
ˣոջĺŮҴҵ˹, æ˻ǰ, ˣʲô𣿡
и˸ոչˡ
Ĭһ, ָԼĸ첲ոմ뿪ˡ
ôܣ˶һ𾪵Ż棬·𿴼һɽͻȻ䵹һ
оŮֻ첲΢΢Ľһ, Χ˵ҪңֻǽһС, Ϊ֮ǰǼ¡
ƽʱ, пҵĻġ
ŶΧһãȻ˵
оŮԼֻ첲ԽԽ, Ͷߵ˵ȥҵ, Ѱһ۾ߵˡ
ǣ
½ˡ
ֱһ˶뿪¥Ժ, ŮͻȻһժǰ桱ߵչģң⵽ôһ£
߱, С˧ȻǺ档
εĿźŮ𼱣
˸ղܵϮŮС˧磬۾ȻѾʼ΢΢졣
Ǹո뿪𡣡С˧εĵôѵĲ
ôһ£
С˧εĻζԼеߵʵҲôոһ˾ͶҪô˵ġ
Ѫ
ӦòǻˣǸϮߵġС˧Сĵҿи˴Ӵ͵͵ȥˣṦʵǸߣһ˶ûע⵽
ŮС˧ĻС˧װܿŵһһ¸ոһС˵ʲôֱӱ˺Ƭ
Ҷɱ㻹ʱûȤŮĵ
֪ǻµĸ߲㲻࣬Իµļƻ˽Ǿ͸ˣŮеļ֪µģΪûô
侲ĺŮĸŪԼͷϵһֻС˧簲Ŀһᣬװȫһ˵˵˵濪ʼ˶ԻЩԹء
ΪûʼıòԭĻˣͺһɾˮ𽥵ļණһӵĶԽ࣬Խࡣ
˵һ˿ƽʱʲôԹӣ˽µıԹɲ١
ϧûбǡС˧Ļδ˵꣬ͱŮĴϵ
ǣһ֪ʲôãܡ
ȱ𼤶С˧ε˵Ҳôһ˵
Ҳ֪ʲôʣֻ֪ûл棬ôǻӦػϡŮĵץͷС˧磬۾һ
һжǻ˽ɵģһרΪӶ׼ıܷۡ
ȥǣҲǣҿûб
С˧ûг
֪ŵù㣬Ҫٸ̽ңСҰ˺飬¥Ů˵꣬ͷҲص뿪ӡ
С˧Լıӣ˿ŮıӰȻ̾˿

¸칫ʱҪţҸպҪһЩϣԾͺӭˡ
Ų켱ҴҵȥңһΪʲôءЦ˵
ûʲô£ֻŲǾǶһһҪҴȥ㡣һһһ˵
ԼʱŲԼüŪ۵ĵ㿴ϵǸС治ŻҪȥ㣬Ҫһȥݡ¶ڡˡ
µ񣬻»ܼŲϵٷ·ģ
εҡҡͷﱧԹͷ´γȥʱܱܲǸŲ죿ҿ˾ò
Ҳ롭ϧҰŵģͷŵġεЦһ¡
ƺƲƲ죬û¿
ĵʱͻȻһļȻͣ
ǡ￴ݵΣȻ΢΢üͷ
źۼĿһǰæĻ£Ȼĵİļ¿һ顣
ڻҹ͵Ϯ棬ƺɹˣ治֪ΪξȻûܳɹİ˸Ʒס
ȥûвʲôʱߣͻȻºʣʲôأô棿
ﱻһȴĿŻҲĹһۡ
µĵȼ߶ˣϸ˵Ҫʲôﶼûа취ֹԾֻۿŻ°һݶˡ
﷢˾̾ԭô鰡ôȥʱʲôûأ

װɣװɡʹƢʱ˿ҲɵͶȥ˱ӵĿ⡣
ôˣСƹ¿굵һ̧ͷȻֵĵ۾ò費ҪһЩҩ
ã
һһֵ˵꣬ĳ塣Ż˵ԼҲҲ˵׾Ǻ
ݵݺݵϣȻƣ˵ʲôҩֵļһҪҩء
˵öǳݣǺԼܳʱ䲻㣬ûһӾָֻƽʱٶȡ
ֿ˻һۣһ˿뷨ʲôŻûͷŵأ
ݣҪôģȴôˣŸ߰С£һ˸ʹ˵Ӧܲġ
ͷΪʲôҪأȻʵ
ţ
ãȻ̧ͷȻ˻䣬ʵһʼģŵһ˹ҡĪİɡ
Ī˵ʵͦϵġʣȻأ
ʲôȻ󣿡
ȻΪʲôأ
ͷŶ΢΢Ķһ£Ȼһ£תͷ˵֮ЩԼһЩԼЩ𡣡
˵ܲʵһֱһġ
ʲʲô룿
šͷһᣬȻЦ˵÷ҲܺһȻĿǰͦʵֵģһһͻȻ漣أ
㶵ĿЦŵĻ¡
ڻ˵仰ʱ·о˶Էµ棬ͷһֱһرˣһҶ֪
ôʹͷÿЦĻ˵˵ĸоҲȫͬģʹԼ֪ܶ
ȻҲһԭǮ𣬱ҽҪ׬ĶˡͷȻЦƵĽһ䡣
ǰһΣȻ˼ֻصʵ
ͷ㡣Ȼ˺
֪ˡ°£øһͳȥ



¿һ, һϤŮˡ
㡣
Ѿкóʱûˣ±ΪѾء
û뵽Ȼ׷
ǽ㲢һģ󻹸һºϤŮˡ
̡
¿˵ʱо΢΢Ķһ, ˵ôһ
˻¼Ļ᲻, ڻһֱͦдڸе, ΪҪɱǸˡ
һμ滹Ǹ˵һ¥ĸ߲Ǹ˵¾Щֵֹ, Ǹ˲˵Ҳû˸鷳
±ΪⱲӶٿŮˣΪһΡŮ˶̬Ⱥ΢, һְĸо
ͨѻµˣҲϸȥ, ˭뵽Ů˴ʱ˿̾Ȼ˻¡
ͷһ¾رĸˣ¿Լƴֵþò, Ȼ˲ͷ˰
㡣ҲͿ˵
źո͵͵ĸ˳, Żºк˵˭
ǰʶ۾ڻº֮ɨš
ǰ棬ҲֻΪŵ񡣡ЦŻش
˵Ҫҵǻ°ʹˣµĽȣҪɵĶࡣ
ȥɣҸҪ˵¡̿Цŵ
Ա뿪, ֮ǰͣĶŻ¼ü۵ģ¿˰ҲûŪ봫ʲô˼
߰ɡ̶Żµ, Ц, ȥģ
תͷޱĿ˻һۡ
·˱ûͦģոջɫ, ֱ˪ˡ
ҸߵʱӦòҪ죬ʵʵĸߡĵ
Լıӣȥ
ͻȻΪɶôִŵҪɵŮˡ

￴Ǳ߳߹㣬æһͷװʲôûӣļһᣬ˰ͷ̽˽Ǵŵĵط𣿡
˼ûġæ溰㿴˵ԼĿڴͳһ˹ȥ𣿡
ӹӣһȻ΢΢һ£̶ɫİѶֻ㡣
ӹӣҲûܣʼعһ£ĬĬ˸ո֣˵ˡͷʲôϵأ

û뵽ɱ˽
̵͵͵˵
վı˵û뵽ˣȴתͷ˵һӡȻܹɱ֤㻹мʵģҲŴӦ㡣
Խ⣿ͻȻһʲôֵòģ
ĻҲһ£Էû뵽ľȻֻǵĵҲ֮ǰҲʶǸ˵̫ȣĶҲ̫࣬ʺһǳʧء
㵹ġĵ˵ͷ
Ҳ֪ͬĵ̵һ仰
ȻһΪŬҲûһһῴɹ˵ѾΪŬ˺ܾˡ֪жˣܶӶҼȴûһܹɹ
ںһֱţͻȻߵǰȻֳס㲻һ
õ
ʶ˺һ
ǰ̣Դָ뷨һֻʣ֣Ȼ
һأȷΪʲôǸ˶ôһССҲôִţ˳ҲΪŸ桰ųɡƵ
Ǹүѡû磬ҲΪû³ĸƣڣǸҲǡ
Ҳ֪òÿЦãһͬӲΪʵĲͬӲı˼Ҹϳˣûôαװ
˭뵽ΣյĵطȫĵطȻ쾡¡
ֻܼװãȻ֪ӵԲû̫˵ʲô˼
֮ǰûŪ˵뷨ֱҿǸ˵Ļ񡣡۾ƺĳֿȣ˲һĹûа취ƿôӵһƷҲǿԵİɡ
ڸأļʱûסյŷǱߣһӵСĽڿ̴սʱ򣬻ûסɻ
ʲôأڴʱҲһԴ̽˹Ҳ͸쳯ţûȿͿһĿ⡣
ŵһӰͷ˻ȥԼؿڵһˣոôˣʲô𣿡
ڿ̽ͷ󣬾ͲٹעǼŻ¡
ĵɻղſʵҲ࣬Ҳ̴ֻսʱӣΪΪͷʶѻµĵλ˱Ҫһͷλá
ղ̺ڱʻͷڱʲôأĬĬš
˭Ȼ򻪲ͷ⣿
ʶİ͵͵һ£Ȼͼ˵Щʲô˶ɻˣΧпԱߵ㡣
ΪˣΪѽ⣬ô滹˸ҶԻͷô˵أ
Ĳ˵ͷڡ桱Ƣһֱȿȣ̫ð
ɻʱպ͵͵˼һ㣬պþйڻһѡ
ѾŲסˡ̿Ż˵ΨһĻᡣ
¼װһãȻ΢΢Ц֪и𣿡
ɡǸҲһġ

Ƿݶһᣬ˰죬Ҳ֪ʲôͻȻֻȻĸо
ƴͼȥ͵˵ĶԻղǰ֮Ҳ׵ҲûôıֻܹõһܰȻĻŻ
´ʱ˿˽̲ûи
㿴µʱ˷ܣ£Ϊ˰ģұ֤ң
㣬ˣܰʲôεĵ
ɱСңʱѧ˲ٶء㽾ĵȻǷļص˵ҸղͻȻҪʲôʽԸˡ
ô֪ģ¸տʼһ㶣̶ЦʵЦЩΣֺС˼
ǻˡĻЩɣЩʧ롣
ȻǻˣǾûʲô˼ˡͷŪԼͷϵЩ׼°ǰϽŪʱͻȻǱߵ˵ʱ㶼ˣ˵иˣΪǸˣԸΪһ顣
Ȼһ㶡
㻹˵ˣȻһĹǺܿϧΪ㣬Ժ׻ᱻ˸ƿס
Ȼ˱ĺܺãʱûж֪һ֪ԺĵȻûа취֣ǿȴֵġ

ԭõļʱ˿ȴͻȻɫˢס
̧ͷȥ¡
ΧǸĵңƺһжûκ𣬵ȴȻԼһߡ
Ҳʱʶµǵġ
ΪʱźȻ䷢֡
ޱȵŻͷʱ˿̲ⲻ̧ͷ£ѾʼﲻܿƵĹɱڵĿԡ

ҹдС

СС, Żֻﱾ˲Ŷѹ֡
ͷΧ
ʱ˿̧ͷΧȻҲ糣΢Ц
, ´ʱ˿˵۾ȻûеЦ, ֻʣһƬ, ͺ֮ǰǼһ
ֻߣʱ˿ǸѾʱ౻սŵôˡ
, ôͻȻûأ
ʵ»ûôࡣ
, ˵̸黹డϵ治һ㡣
һ, ҪҵĻ˰ң²ô˵
ڵһ룬Ǳߵ˸ºתͷ, 룬ôˣôͻȻһҪѵĸо
˸߲ҵĴӦ˷ܵ, ȴҲû֮ǰһоͷۡ
˼
ԸĻһͨͨġСɫ˿ǸС
ô, ϸ, ݾķǳȤˡ
һֱһرȤ, Ǿݵô¡ȻôĪ֪ࡣ
ûм뵽Ǹ˵£ôһӶǲġ
ΪǸҲ֪ʱԶһЩݵĴС㡣
뵽ǰʱķ˵ⲨⲨӺ͹ĶԾ
ֻ˵ϬȷûЩ, ͻȻ뿪ˣ֮ѡ»Ϊ̺·
±ϾԻϺܶ꣬һݣһѵݣǶһʲСġƸĲƸȻҪȥġ
ֶܹƵΨһֻС
ҪⶫȥôȻ͵㡣
뵽ºȻ;ЩϵЦҲ͵ЩΪʲôΪŪʵЩġ
Ʋô㵱ʱĳҲһǴҪҸˡֻĲһ֪顣
Ǹ˾Ǵʲôʱʼֵģôµ񣬻ԽԽЩëȻ
һ֪ôءȻ˵Ҫʲô
˼˼룬Ȼҽ׼ٸƶ˵ô
㾪ȵ۾ԭΪҪ˵һЩ¡ģͻȻµĿ³˽ٸƶĸ֣Щ˼飬Щϲ
ǡ׼
û²˵ӦȻȥʱҪʲôٽ㡣
˷ܵսȭͷ¿һ·СܣܵҪߵʱ򣬻ûתͷŻµһҪ˵Ŷ
ã
Ŷ
¿ȥַ£Ȼ󵭵ĿŲԶһ
ǿ棬վױ˺ӵӰŻתͷЦŶ˸к

һֱ̫ȶҲûоٴⷽˡһվڻµŮĵ˵㲻ýš
ǻ档
ԭɫſžԼһ仰֪ΪʲôͻȻЦ˳ȥҺǸ˿Ҫŵӣûзֻϵ
ѽʲôǼٰ绨棬ӿ̫ʱСºαؽųӡһ߿Լװãһĵš
ΪӦûһЩأû뵽ֱزǶֻǸڻıԵ֡
룬ϱǶ״ֵĳ̶ȺҪֵ࣬Ϊʲôأ
ΪڵĻ濴״лҪбһ
ߵСĶҪȥĵطǻһҶķֻǼҶķϰǰʱŭ˻棬ѵһ٣ڶԻԹԡ
ŶΪʲôűѵأĵ˵
ΪǸϰǰʱֵм̫ˣ˸͵͵İȺǸ˵ˣ˭뵽Ȼ˳Ҫ˵ʵͲĴȺǵȷܷˣӰ˶ķ⣬ǻ˽´𡣡
Ǹ˸µͷϲһӣ¾Ŀ˿ˡ
ʱգҲôһ̷ֲ徵е˾˭ʱ
Լֻϱļ䣬ǻĻ棿
Ҫô
¿žеԼĿʵ
ǸϰΪһεԻЩԹޣûӺͿˣǰǸӢϵˡǸﻪŪ·ϵӡ
ǵʱΪûֶθ߳ԲѡڻģҲΪ˲СĹͣ˭뵽ڻȻΪӾͶôص֡
ĵĿ˿Լ·Ļơ
ںѾǱԵˣʵͦ߳ģ֮ǰڻĵλܸߡǸڻµ󻺻˵
һߣ½ӹĿһۣȻ󻺻ĴԼϡ
ܶʱ򣬶ˣҲֻȱһڣֻߡһᡣǸڻ¶С˵
ʲô᣿üë
һܹİõĻᡣ
´һĺۣȻ󻺻߳š
˶˵ڻǸǼٵģģôôأ
ǻһֱڻ˻ôЦ˵𣿡
ģȻġ

ԽԽӹֶԽԽ̣˼ԽԽƫʱǾͻῪʼ֮ǰǸ·ᣬ֪Ļ棬ʱͻȻһǼлˡǾǻΪ˭ģ
δҲЩ̫ƣе˶ɵӵġ
ԣûôɵӡЩʱ򣬴Ҳѡȥɵӡ
һ̧ͷվ㡣
һҹ£ȻԼʵʵģ߻һۿǸŮӡ
µʱ۾ͻȻ˹ѿڶҹд
¿㣬֪ΪʲôҲȻ佥Ц
ʵǸĳЩ滹ͦģ֪ҪһܹҪģݲܶһ֪
ǸҲҶģȻôֱӰŹˡ
һġ
ǰ㿴һ·Ļ£˷ܵΧת˼Ȧ̫ˣһΪҹдҲûлأû뵽Ȼôһ졣
˵žȥµ֣Ȼ֪һͨͨĺ·棬صʵʲô
¿ǰ濪ĵ㣬Ȼһ֪ҲδزһĿֵ顣
ҹдҹдһߣһߺŲɵӣ˵Ǹ˻˷ЦȴһĴ֡
ǵϣһ
ͺǽһֵСŮһŵȳĽһ

²ҵֽʲô

ǽ׼ҪʲôڻµĶ߸һ˵
¿էһۿȥ̻Ի͵Ķĳ, СĴյߵطϰǰʱ䲻ұһܿµ˸вˣǾġ
ԭȻ, һķϰ廹Ǻϰ𣿡
ʡ
¿Ǹ߹ȥӰϳ, ȷʵǰʱӻȥǸ
αϵĻ¾Ͳ, Ǹֶȷʵ߳Ҳ֪һ
¿ŶĳϰĽ, Ҳȥ, 㱻קϷǳãȻ, ʵʵĸ˹ȥ
Ǹոյſڵʱͱи˸˵ǰ, Բ, λӲܽȥ
һҹ, ͷϻŶ, һɫĴ, ôô˵ӡĳֵط̾˶, һ㶼ǲý, ³¡
Ҳû뵽Ȼſھͱ, ʱ΢΢ŵս˻µ, ²һ, ĬĬĵݹȥһӡ
һ鱻˻ģĽӡ
Ǹ˿Ӻ󣬱΢΢һ, ϢİѽȻ˦˸ûºϽȥ¾͵ȥˡ
˿ͦģû뵽ƷҲô, ͸һӣͷȥˣһҶķϰ˵ȻǮŵʱ㻹ڻµĶСıԹ
Ķ䣬ûн˲ǿӲŷǽȥģǿǽӵģ
˽ŵʱҲһעӣҲſڵıûˣעҲûгã󲿷ֵĶͽֳԼˡ
¶ڶĳ鼸˵һϲͨ״Ҳֻͨһ㡣
Ȼһٿǽһ˵ͨͨʵûʲôҪģⶫоΨ첻ơ
ĳŵľϰ壬ʵͲ󣬿ȥҲƵǸˣ۾Щ𺣬ԭһ˰ĺžƣʱһܵĶߴҴææĶ˵˼仰
Щ󣬷¾ƱŻǱ߿һۡ
ºº˸ط桪Ҫ㸺ǮԱΧۡ
Ȼʵʵģ鲻˭һۿǸһǸƯĹ
ʱ˿Ҳ˶ĳСֶΧ˷ܵĿŶĶߣԼϵζ
¾Ա߰ĿţһֱڳĬ֮£ϰֻǿһۺͰ˻
ô죬ϰ壿ǸСĶʡ
ô죿ϰ¶һ˿ЦҪǣԼͺˣϾӶĳҪǶˣǻܹɱҡ
ϰ壬㡭ԱߵС˵ƺ޵Ĳʡ
û˵ͱϰֹ̧ˣ˵ȥ졣
ǡ
ϰ尲ȾƣѹûٿǱߵˡУֻǻǱ˹ˣЩҲ첻ߣȴֿǲˬֻܰǵһӡ
ֻǶ仨ϰֹȻƴ֣ǻҲ࣬Ҳͼôζѡ
ˡһģ
ʱǱߵһСԼĳ룬˲Щ²ŲæԼĿڴͳһ˹ȥ
ϰɨһۣȻ۽Ǿ͵һ¡
һ𻨡
棡˸߲ҵ˵Ҳûͽӹ˻еĽ𻨹ȥ˵𻨵Ӹһ㣬ݵλʲôûָΪⶫŸµĳѡ
ΧһЩע⵽˻ͳĶȫƤֱȻ󲻶ɫԶһ͡
ϰסˡ
ȻǻʵĻˣһֱǰģû£ڽȷѪģҲ̫Ըñ֪һϵ»µľٶеҳӵ˼
룬Īߣӿ˰죬Щҵϡ
Щ˾ûһģȫڸ¡
ϰҧг˰죬Լľǰȥˡ
ˡ㴹ͷɥ˵󵭵ĵֵط顣
ԼĶĳҪǲ֪ʲôèǾ˹ˡ
˵üģҲֻǶԼѪͳ˵СǮֻܶˮĳ̶ȣһᣬ
ʱȻȫ뿪ˣǸոյЩͽǶĳˡ
һ㿴м˧˹ǵĶ棬Цŵ֪λδݹٵСط
̧ͷһۡ
ˣϹˡ
ԭûӦ˵Ļ󣬲žȵĵǸϰ壿
˵仰;Щף⻰̫֪ˡ
Ҳ˼ϰ塰ĪǸһܿµвĵùҲ̫òˡ
ҡϰӿĿеȷʵЩ
㱾ΪϰٲҲǸŵʵӣϾ۸Ǹҵˡܾ֮ﲻ̫һ
ϰȻŻͦ˧ģôô۸˵Ǹ۸˵Ǹ
ϰĻһ˵ʲô˼
ôо˾ǳһ
ֿҹµСΪԼոյֱڿЩգͷ˵͵͵ĳԱߵǸˣ˶˭һεǡ
ϰĿͶǸһӵˣϳһ˿Ц⡣
λֵܣ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ϰ忴Ż£ϵЦּһ㣬̽㣿
¿ϵЦݣ룬˵ͷ
ֻվһķϰЦŶԻµ˶ǵĶĿֻͣҪˣһҪعأֻ֣˶Ҫ롣
⻰ĬĬĴԼϽһɰȻץŵװ˳
˲ž쳹ĳ
Ǻɰһӡ
СĽ𻨹һӣʹԱĶһӾ˶ͷ
ССĽ£ɢҫ۵Ĺʡ
ϰϵЦֽӲһ롣
Щ𣿡ʡ
ϰϵļ΢˻˿ҪĲ
ĳҪӣǻҪʲôװԻ󲻽ʡ
ܲţΪϰ塣ϰ͵һۡ
ҪˣҪϵѵȻһȥ
ΧĶͽǶÿһ˶ž
ãҴӦ㡣룬ȻûԲƽĶľʲôʣǺܵ˵
ֻҲһľ֡
²¡ҵֽʲô



ϰһ, Ż£˵Ǹʲôķ
µҲֻǿԱߵ, ӸղſʼûĪãı顣
Ǿ̫, ϰеĿȿѵĴ¹ģ̫һ
ǵ̫һ, еM
ϰ˻µĻٿµͶ˼ִ
ˡ
ľէһĪ, ʵͦ˼, һԣҶľֵ˲ǸӣǸĴС
ֻһۿȥ, Ĳ²λлڽϴݹ١
ϺҲûִźӾ͸߹ŵ˰ϰ뵽ԴȻðһЩ޼ɵ˵Ӱ, ֱܿĨȥˡ
µͷ, ʣʲô
ϰع, Ż¡
֪ӦǸ֣Ҳ̫ѵ, ӣƾţ齫С, , , ͶҪʲôǾʲô
ԡµĵ
ǿɲСϰ仰ԺЦ, һѡһҪһСˣȻңԩĺܣ
ҵ˼ǣÿһԡµһҲ⡣
Χ˴ʱ˿̶Ŀⶤһ棬ϰ仰ϵļĶ˼¡
Ҳ֪ΧӦöڿڲûе
ȻԻ¸ոǾ仰̬ȣͺ˹ˡ
Ƥ͵ض˼£ĵµĸ첲һţյ˻µĶߣСʣ㡭𣿡
ᡣתͷرϿҵĵѧ
仰ܸжڻµ֪Ե˸ս
֮ĻȻСʵΧ书һˣڶϰ塣
ڻ³Ͽҵ˵ѧһɲǣϰıһֱ˸ӡ
ʰӣϰĻǴһȻתͷݵĶԻµҵģұԱŮ£ҾͻܷһڣӹȲˡ
¸оԱߵƺ仰ŵˣĵıҲĵĸ첲ʾ¡
ܿ죬ĳ˾˹ӣĳﱻĻֳ߿ط
ӵģŹģӵģɹ٣Сȫæһš
ΧǸղڴ齫ĿˣڶĴСĿˣᶼۼһһ˷ܵĿߡ
Ҳû˹ǸոϵĹʲôӵʲôˣۼΧۡ
ǿɸ˻ˣ˵ƽһ첻ľͳԲȥ϶ͽֳһҲͼôһأǱ棬Ϊø֪һϢһʱ֮䣬䲻СĶĳȻˡ
˴ӶĵＷרΪ˽ģĳزϣڴˣǶ˽ڵůͣôˣǰѬڵġ
ˣһ˷ܵĿֵˣżթĶͽΧʳСŬ쳤Ųǰ
˴ʮӣĳѾһģ
ºվڶĳģΧ߸ӰΧ档
ڻµıƽʱֵĹͷһο̣Щŵˡǵдһ˿Цһ
ʼɣ˭
˶Χ濴ţȻһʱ֮˿ڣһվ˳Ȱɡ
ˡ
֮Ҳûʲô飬ָֻ￪ʼ˸˳ʱ룬ſǰ
С
ϰ˫۾ĶŻ£·ܰһ
ߵӵǰȻһӿ˿ʣⶫô棿
˿ڿˮΪ˵洿ǿЦģû뵽ӣһȻһҲᡣ
ҡѡڶĳ˺ܳʱˣʻǿԵģһЦҡΣ˭ĵ˭ͻʤ
á
¿ӣĽӻϣһ졣

֮ǰ˵ĳط޷ǾΨ첻ơ
ȻҪʱ򣬳ɫҲеô
¸ղųſֵʱ򿴼ҡӵĹҲһ¡
Ȼӵ˵ֱͬ췽ҹ̷
˵һӱҡ˼¥¥ѣôһƬҶµȻɳڣ׼ȷĽ䶤ʲôأ

ǶĳһӡǸ˿ŻЦŵȻ֣ôǼ룬ɡ
ãͺáµ
仰Ҳûб仯ЦţȻͳӣһѣֱӽҡ
ߵ۾ҲûʲôֻǵģǸȻϹЦȴһֱڽĶ䡣
ڿǲ
˶ˣģĳȻȻҲͶһЩֶΣҡӵҲ֪һЩ书ڵܹҡεǵֶҲԽԽ߳
˵ֶƽＸôó
˿Ż£Ȼ䲻ԱߵһʵװƷһ£ֻһڼֻüصĹţײҲûһ
һȥˡһƺڷһֱ˵Ķ
Ľ̲ס͵͵һ¶䣬Ϊرʱ仹ͦмӡ
ķӦãΧ˱վĺúõģȴΪһͻȻ˶䣬ʹҡͷŵġҡӵĿȺһۣȻµЦһ¡
ЩƽʱӵģֻȽ٣ЩҲĳҲûЩֶΡ
ǽɲһȺƽϰ˵ˣھ۾ŵͻȻһ죬񣬿µûһܻ
ǰĻ£Ŀ꣬˭֪µķӦƵȫ侲Ǹ
վһ㷴ӦҲûеӡ
ô£΢΢üͷѵոոû
ܵġǸӮ˵ģʹңҲġ
ֿ˿µı飬˵ĪǡǸɵӣ
ҲʲôˣǹϹֵģ
Ҳܡҡӵ뵽󻹸һŮˣϹ֣һ˹ͺãûҪקŸŮ˹
˸ղǱӰˣûӰ죿ҡӵǸԽԽ꣬ĪĽŸС
׼ʲôʱͻȻһǰֱһ
ô棿¾ʵ
עѺоͺáǸ˰죬૵˵
µһֻУҲĵֻˡ
ҡӵ˺ȻˣѶ˰ģĿɿڴĿ
㶵ĿŻ£ֿ˿ӣųֻУͷһμһִ˴ﲻ֪ΪͻȻһĪķŭС
ȻС
ʱ򣬾ȻҷȥǱ߶У

Ķ

²ûںǸҡӵʲôĸо, ֱߵһǰϵӡ
ⶫǲģⶫҲǿĶ, ˵䲻ģ嶼治, ֶˡ
ǻ²ᣬû˻ᡣ
мܳϵһ£¥ɱȻ󲿷ֶɱ, ˮƽܸߡ
¾Ϊҵĸо, Ͼ¥ĴԶӣĽһһӳΪ˴ôˮƽٲ, Ҳġ
Ҳһ, Ҫǽ˼ά˼·
Ͼ״˵Щ, ˭Ҳ˵һˣû˵һˡ
¿һöԺĺһ, ״У
ʮ·ʮ
һöӣȻתȥһ
һʼΪϹأʱŻ·׼, ȴ, һһš
ÿһ, ߵһ̶̵ʱڣѾ߸һ顣
齫, ƾֻҪ˹ٴλۼֿҪӮǺ׵ġӣĴСǸɵӣлµ书ҲǺѵġ
кͶҲѣֻҪյСɡ
ߵһӵǰ棬ͶõĹ΢ľЩ档
һͶӼģҶķЩһ
Ϊ˱Ƚ϶Եʣﲻӵģ˾һС
¿ʽµСĲһ¹ң
ĳϰۿŻ²һȦЦţ߹Խ࣬ϵЦԽ
Ҳڹ۲ŻµĶ˰죬ҲûڸʲôСҲװɵ˼
ȻװɵǾɵˡ
Żѹûκε֮е⣬һ
⶯ȷʲôṭˣ˵ϱ˵ѹһ°ɣҲҪһƣ˾һˡ
ϰЦ룬Ȼʱɿ˹ҡ

һҷžҵ˹ȥֱֱ˺
һ˲䣬·һ˺ѵ
ϰͷһǿҵķ͵תͷǸ
Χղſֵ˺Ȼ˾ǳһһһ˲Ǳըһ
ȻķǰСȻͷһ⹭ĹѾһ˿΢΢Ѻۡ
⹭Żͦÿģ̫а
İѹӵһߣʾĳ˻һȻת˵һϡ
ĳղվͶ˶ɵˣǹǼȥģǼϸоһʮֿµĶ
ǶžǴ˵еɱ
¶һֱر⣬Ȼ߹ǰѻ˵ĹӹȥʱǸӹ˿ɵɵģҲ֪Щʲô
ȵ߻صһʱͨһʶĻͷղ˹Ǹֱһƨ˵ϣﻹǸȴڷ
㿴СûСӱŻˣ
ȥСǲǱˣҿ
Χ˾ˮտһڵľڲͣڵĹǡٺǰ˵Ļʼƴǰ뿴ǰ汻Ǹĳʲôӡ
ϰϵļⶶ˼£ĳæ˰ǸС̧ߣȥǸԱ߿˿ΪǺеļӦɵĴںߵģȴһֱ䡱ں
˰ǼѾεض˺׶ȥˣζβ
ˡûȥǷڵͷȥǸҡӵˡ˿Ż£Īľûµ˫۾ڵĹ֡
ѹĲԱߵѣʾ⻪ҡ
ֽ䳭˹ҡ£ȻʾԼѾˡ
ҡӵǸ˾Ĺ۲Ż£ղŬĿ˰죬Ҳûʲôǧӡ
ոǱ߻ڷڵԭڻ¸ոһῴǱѾʼˣͶڴĿȵǿ°֮󣬾ͲĿʼ
أûԷ
ϰС㲻ܰй
ҡӵ˿Ż£΢΢һ
ʲôӦûʲôɡ
ƿԼѣһӣ㳯ϣһĵ㡣
ϧˣ΢΢̾˿ﻹЩԵ֮ġ
ײһ¡ˣʵҲ˲ӰģѾסˣȴǳ˸ССʧ
ǱһӰѻ¸ѵ˼ոΧЩһֱըʱ֮ڶΧϸСõǴһ㡣
ҡӵ˵ҲţϾͻ¸ո¡
ҿҿոմͶǱ߹˸߲ҵߣղһֱΧǸȫβļҡ˾ּҴҵ˹
ڸղţʵһŵģΪܾЩܿƵӡǸ֮ͻȻһθ֮ǰЩȥ桱ʱҲûκεĲͬ
»ûƿأͿһƿӡ
ĶʮֵĿģû˿ŵӣӮӦ˳µ顣
´رɵĸɵЩС͵ͻһһɵͲҪȥ˼顣

㡣

ܣϰڲԶ͵غں֮ͷԼˡ
ѾûΧЩ˷ܵ˵ĺ֮С
ŴĳطĻˣЩǺֱܳݶ
һֵĴ³˷ܣػһովﻹЩ£ȴҲһ˷
ҡӵǸվ۾ʧĿӡ
ܺΪʲôһ֪һ𣿡ߵĶߵ
Ϊˡ
ҡӵǸ͵תͷŻ¡
Ƕ˵ߵһŹֻͻȻ˷УµͣԱߡ
һӵĶȤʵֻˡ
𣿡ʱµĶͻȻһ
㶵ĵšӦ˰ɡ
ˣ
һ״С³Աˣ
ʮ·ʮˣ
ʮ·ʮġ״ڻµĶ˵
ʮ·ʮģͷûлصĳǱߺһĸ
ԥſ˻һᣬȻһöϡ
΢΢Ķһ¡
һֱ֪״巨߳¥ġ߳Ҳ
Ϊÿһڻ￴˯
Ҫä𣿡ԱƵ˵
ܰɡ
ɵһ
ĶǧӮⶫɲһĶþܹºõģ͸äˡ
ˡôܻ˼ôܣ
ڵһļã

һ

ڳ˵, ǶԼʶֻлĹ¡
һԳƶԶĲһϲͨ˶ĳȻͬʱμ߳ľ֣Ȼࡣ
˷ܵıڻµ, µĿǸҡӵ˵ˡ
ҡӵǸһƬƽֶȴɸһ
ôҲû뵽ԼȻôɵľ֣һ˿ĻᶼûС
һֵĶ, ԼĶǳ˻ȻΪԼһֱʹأ
ӣҲûǰˣֱĳһȥ
ǽĵһľ֡
ӵ˱ȥϰüͷϵӡ
һʼǰѻƾУ˵ڶѣ, ӵǸ˾ӺȻˮһ, ӳ˸ַ˼ĵ
ϰ忴ӳ˼˰ΣԼ, Ȼ, ӵ˴С͸һ, ζڳ, ôһγôʧ
ոӵ˷·𱻶ȥǵ, ȫȻٵĿ־壬ֲȻ룬ڱʲôӰƵġ
´ʱߵ齫Լƣ΢΢Цһ¡
ץһƣȻ󵭵ķ, ƿԼǰơ
ǧǸѹ˺ܾã̲סһվָŻ
ô̧ͷװԻ󲻽ʣôǧˣ
㡭㣬㶼ˣ
ˣǲǣ͵شӻµ˳ָŶԼǿĳģԼ֪ܲôǧô˿أ˶ڶĳסģҪǳǧǻܿ
ǰ
Ҹ㣬ҸոտһֱأҿʲôҲû
ղָµɫǺ졣ô˼˵ոҲͬǧȫùԷѹ֪һ׾ٵӮ
ˡϰϳ£Ҫٸ
ԱߵȺԿֲ´ֵһ㣬˵ǶĳӰ졣
ӵǸ˷߷߲ƽ»ͷ㣬һ˷ܵĳצһңҡӡ
˵Ҳ֪㾿ǲǵǽǳġ
ʱµĶͻȻһʮ·ʮ
Ǳߵ
˵ǳְӵˣǸԴˡ
ʮ·ˡͷҲصĽӵ
ǱߵֳĬһᣬԱһִźӣ䵽˻¸ղ˵Ǹλϡ
֮Ѿӣڰ׽ѽѷ֡
ӵλúáԱһû¾۾һˢӵģֿţС
̷巨ˣղžȻ㡣
Կһ˵ԸġǸ̾˿̷һֱǱȽ׵ģҲܹϣô˵Ҳ˼ʮˣұΪҪ̷ä崿Ǻˣû뵽ǿۡ
ôԱ˺˵
ˡ˳һᣬرǿҺԣԸЩƫʱһЩӵĵطܾˡǳĴһܹеġ
ʵҪ뿴̷壬ȴä壬̷Ѿˡ
˾Ȼһäһ߼űĶҿһرĴһóƿش֣Ȼͬʱô顣
ղųְӵ˷ٶȾԽԽˣһԺ󣬸ǳá
Щľ֮һǸѾɸӵͭǰһѹ
ĹõķһߣѾǶĳһѹˡ
һ֧ȻѹӵһߣϵǣǵĶľѾˡֻһͶΪûˣȴΪûˡ
ǽĵľ֡

ôͥŲһ֡
ҧ˷ܵйǰ棬Ӹղſʼһֱˡ
еֻв̫ģͷ΢С֪ΪΣӸղſʼֻоһֱûаܹ
е˵ǧҲˣôҲܳǧ
ôܶһݲСأ
Ҳ˹һڹɱСǣ˷ܵĸ˸طȴŹ˳˼
ǵúܾǰĳʱöͷӡ
ʱʵһζжûпһأۿԺŷ֣ʵͦдʵġ
һֻһֻл˺ҧţССĹ棬еֻмֱǰ۲ӣԽԽ¡
㿴ʱȻקקµĸ첲㡭ôһ۾һֻУôģ
ܼ򵥡µ
Ϊղҿʱ򣬹һֻиҴսҡ
µСȴԱߵϰĻˡ
ϰ͵̧ͷۻ£ɻϸĿ˻һ̶ۣҡҡͷʲô
еһֻӼֱǶһȻССģرҲر̡
ֻƵĺСʱûзһ˵۶Էʲôӣֵȥҧ벻ʱͻ״
¿ֻڹֻǿ׳ĳӶ˸ɹʱһƵ·ʮߡ
·ʮµ˵
ĺһöһԼոһöӦþߵˣκǵľȻĲܸܵĵ
һᣬֻǿ׳бҧֻݵͣڹӵ룬ִָֻӣһСĳһ
»ĳԼſϵ壬һľȥ
Ա˷ܵĶԻµֻкܰ𣿡
µĵϲϲĻɡ
𣿡һȣȻеļǮͦһֵֻܾܵׯһճɣҲ
Ǵû뵽»ͬһֻлȥϾų񣬶ԸһЩ塣
Ȼոתȥϰ鲻Խְͷת˻
ڸҪе㣬һģȴӦĻ£üͷ
ոմͷȥͷһҸȼ
һ̶ľ֣塣
¿壬̵ԱʱȴǸְӵͷѾϸܵ亹
ģ˵˼ĺܶ࣬ԵΧȣ⺹Ҳδ̫һ㡣
¾ߵǰ棬ֳӣװԼܶһһẠ̇Ȼֿ˶ˡ
ô𣿡ʡ

Ͷ

亹Ŀһۻ, Ҳżôš
˻ܻûôǿңǶ˱˵ܸоĶֱӵġ
̷˴ӸոտʼЩ, ô, ָܸоֻͷһ
Ҫʲô, Էܲ³һٶ, Ҳˡ
ʱչ¶һֺǿɱ⣬̷ô꣬Ȼ˽ʲôˡ
һ̧ͷ˿ǰһڶˣܿƵ롪˾˭
̷֪ͨǾûа취, ˵䲻, ˵硭λ, ӵʱ򲻴һ˿Ƶġ
¿̷Ⲽ亹Խĺ״оʱʲôܰųӡ
ѵ֮ǵҲڡϾ֮ǰ, Ѿкüķǳˡ
̷ô£ϰǱüͷʡ
֪Աߵ˵̷ôҲǸΪ度³ӵİѵǳʲô£
, ϰһҧ֮˵
⡭Աߵԥɲ̫棬ϰĶҧгݵĵѾˣϲʲô壿Ȱ̷ԺԺ˵
̷ʱΧһƬΪµһͻȻЩأ̷Լһ˵ļơ
Ҳû˵ʲô, ̷ֻߵʱ򵭵ĵĳĶľֻֿʣһˡôϰ壬֪ҶľֵĴ𣿡
ϰ忴Ż£ƤЦⲻЦĵȱ𼱣²𣿡
ߵ˻µ󣬶һʲô˲ģ߾ֶˣʣµһҲֳʤˣôţ
ӦǶҵЩͷˣֻȷϡµĵ
ʲôãȻĿŻʵ
תͷԻ󲻽㣬ȻЦˣҹд

ϰ塣̷˺棬һϰͲûˣȥˡ
㡭ϰû뵽̷ĵһ仰Ȼһŭ䲻Ŀ̷΢
ⲻ鰡̷һᡣ˵֪ˣģƫƫʣһڻӲ¡
ϰ塣̷˼һ£ջǾԼ뷨˵ϰ壬Ҫ˵߰ɡҾ㲻Сĵʲôˡˡǳˡ
ô˷ϰͷһ
˵Ҫ磬ôҵñɱϳɰ٣ǧˡ̷һҧ֮˵һһֵʱԾǵˡ
ϰͷ̷֪˵ٻΪ̷жͬģ̷ֻһϲͷֻΪ巨߳˶ĳѣͲ֪Щ¡
˵Ļһᡣ
ֵˡϰţͲ˺ϡ
˵һֱǺܿϣҲ˵ĺܶ໵ʵ˵ֱ˵ʱȴһ˵Ŀ־塣
ԣ
ֺȻֱֱĿ档
˻֪£ϰȴ֪ġ

ʱһֱһִԣǾǻˡ
⻰ϡѵһֱû費ɣϰȴ֪ġ
ܾǰһΣǴΣؼס˻·Ǵ˵һˣͬʱҲԥĽԼȫѹ˵ϡ
˵Ǵϰ˶ô𺳣ϰֱڻĻǿأǶҩһ
ǵģϰ嵱һҪ뻨ģڵϴ˹Уеľѡصˡ
ϰԼһͶߡڵʱһۿ˻δǿҿֲĻ棬ȻȻѡ񳹵׼뻨
ڼǰΪԼѡ˷ܣһԵõ̬档
ܻܿ£ж£жôǿ
кܶŸϰһѡֻȻΪ˻һԱ
ʱƹ⸽жĳǿƾԼһҲﲻҫ
ϰܵ⣬ȴᣬ֪Լ˷ֻΪѺ˱һӻĶУ˵۹׼ȷˡ
ֱ𽥸о治Ծʼ֮ǰһֱԼѡޱȷġ
ʲôʱʼľأ
ԣǴһȺĶĳµʱ
ʵĳǺƽ飬ǻĶķܶĶķҲ顣
Ҳ֪ôˣֲķӣڼǰһ궼һΣأһ£ʮ죿
ϰ쿴ǸǵĶķյϰߣ˸ΪǣֻҪĴ￴ţֱضĳĴֽϳȥˡ
ֻǶʱϰһֱǺܺá
ΪûһЩ¾ٶѾ롱ǸĻ档

һܴҲͷԵˣϰһֱôΪġûͬһ·ˣκʱ򣬶׼ȷҳԼķˡ
ȫöϸ룬ܲ²ҪʲôŬΪһˣȻ󽫻ɽ֯
ΪһԱȻҲմ⣬ͬʱΪǻһͶ˻ˣ˵øĶ
Ƕʲôϵжķֻߡϵжķ
һֱôţһֱľ֧һЩȴܲġ
ԭǾ·һ͵ʱ򣬻ƢƺͻȻͱñ
²׽Ӱ˾Ӷ࣬˵˶ʱҲò˿ʼɡ
ΧһЩ˵ƺΪյķӹĺ֢ûа취顣ϰ岢ӵĸܣ仰ʱ򣬾Щˡ
һʼҪʱһЩӻԻЩЧԽڣЩӵЧԽļߡ
֪Խ࣬ƢҲԽŹ֮ǰķӶһЩͶһЩɣҲܶһЩ֡
ǵ֪Ժʼ¸е˼
ΪʲôҪô
Ӧôǵ˰˵Ӧ֪ϵ£ѾôӴ֯αػҪȥôķӣ
ϰһ̸ܵһֱѣжԻĪŭ
û湼ԼΣͬģԼȫĭ
ڼǰʹʧ飬ϰֻۿš
治ǸֲǿĻʱͶȻѡһʵĻ͵͵뿪
ϰüͷ˻¡һӣһһѾʧصķӡܹͬʱͷѵ˼ôĶ
ǻ桭ѵʱ˵ǸˣֻҪһۣܹһ˿͸
ϰɻʱȻһȵĺƺи˵ˡˣ
ĳ˵Ϣ󣬽һɢϰ͵ؿ˴⡣
ҲĿ˹ȥ
˭˭ˣЩɵ۵ĿΧܵˣڻµĶߺʡ
һӡµĵ
һһֱűݵķӡ
˵㡣

Ӯһ

ϵǶܻ, ҪΪǲôˡ
һЩ˻ԣϾ˶ʶġǸƴεĵطȥȴڰ͵͵ĿŽϵǸˡ
ҲĸŻ̽ͷ濴˹ȥ
ǵһο档
ֻܳ, ԶԶĿ, ֻܿɫǽ, ǹ֮ϵߡ
һǶ֮, ԱΪһֻɫֽɡ, ɡ°ĿΧ, ȻĴǰʧ
Žϵ, һʱҲûʲô
˻Ừºʣô
ʵͦģΪһֱߴߴӣ⻹ͷһοͻȻûˡ
조桱ⰲµ, ĳϰ, ŵ˶֪
˵治Ե޹ʵĳй䣬ڡǡ𡭡ʲô鶼֡
ĳϰҲڶſ, Խһã֮, Ҳ˵ʲôоһҡ
º˵ʱ, ˵ĽӸպþķſ, ƺԶԶ߿һ, һԵòôС
ĬһڻµĶС˵˳ĺúÿ
ˣ˵ϻأôܿòÿ
㲻, е˳ĺÿǴҲһۿִŵ˵
¿գգ۾ʱ͵͵ʣι֪֪˵֣
֣ʵҪΪҲû֪
Ϊʲôɻ󲻽ʡ
ΪϲԶҪһֵģһֻҪ˵ĴţҾͶ֪ʲôʱҲͲôҪˡµ
ֳ֮ĬһᣬȻСĵҶˣһһ
ΪҲĬĬ˵ҳƺʱ򶼲ֻ֣λˡ
ΪһţԻһֱڴΪĿĲӣΪصߡһ͵ϰͻȻһ˵ļ
ͻȻԼ˵δ֮⡣
仰˵˭ǻ棬ǣҲǡ
ֻҪߣֻҪû˲𴩡
һֱ˵Ļᶼ٣ںܾǰϵƺֻǰŵġ
ʲôʱʼȫŵߵأ
ϰ岻Լڵ뷨ԲԣͻȻͷһһ·һ˲˸ոռ뻨ʱ
ʱΪд֮ߵﶼ緢ʱʱ
ϰ忴ԱƴŴ̷ʹ˸ɫһ£³ʲôӶûϵֵʱһ㣬Ҫ
£̷˲һɫ૵ĵ㡭ҿɳŲ˶೤ʱˡ
İɡϰ嵭ĵܿġ
̷˳һûä壬ɵԱߣŸոմӶķǱһӻСС
ϰ˻µĶ棬һûиոǸŭˣͻȻͱáȡ
ϵ֮󣬿֮ͦǰ¸˵ǸˡֵĿǰ仯ϰ壬ﲻЩ΢΢ɻ
ղųʲô£ϰͻȻһƵģ
̷ǰµҲѾӮˣֻϾһ㣬һ֮󣬻¾״Цһ
֪´ӺζϰԱ߳ĬĹսһᣬȻҳһһ䡣
ҲһöӣĵӺ
û⡰Ǹʲô˵ʱľһӣ²ʱ·
ϰ͵һǿѹĲ˵ҿ¡Щʶһλˡ
û˵ֻǴӺ¶һЦ
ϰЦ̧ͷ˻£˿ڿˮĵˡðˡмһֱңϣһ¸¡
֪¡ôЩ߻ħأ

ֻո˲ԶĳϣŻߵŲɴľɫ
ÿһ˿ʱ˱ᣬǸģģߵĸŶߵģÿһ϶˵Ŀ
Щȷʵͦ˵ģʱһֱãҲ˵ʲô컨ͻȻ˵Ҫһߣѵһϲ
ͬڳĻһϴźߵŮӣȴ롰桱ԶԶģֻǰĶһš
𣿡˻ᣬ桱Ȼʡ
ˡŮĵ˵һ仰󣬲ڰͷ˻
αװɻС˧˿˾ͺãҪû²ҵ鷳
㿴ǶôˡŮΧЩ˷ܵĲѵķǣЦ˵á

ĳŶĳϰĻѾĬܾˣֻʣԱߵһãȻĿš
ʵʱͻȻô⣬㿴ȷǹֵֹģҪʽ¶ûô֡
ǻȷʵΪĬ˺ܾãȻ󵭵ĵ㾿Ҫʲô
ҾʣϰͻȻһ谭·ôɱǸ𣿡

ոˣ󿴿ҿ۾תĸƵġ̷²ˣɴװĥӣʵҲ͵͵Ŷ䡣
ʵĵȷһ⣬뵽ͬʱҲȫΪʲô˶ôĵˡ
˵סԼ룬÷ӣʵ˵顣
ô࣬ʵҲ˵һĳǰĲٳȥɱˣԼɱ
ңΪԼԷҲûκεĴʸ񣬾ǻķҲһ
Ϊʹûл棬Ҳǻ
ʲôӣվһȺӶȡůĵط
Զǻ֮Ŀʲô
ƺر򵥵һ¡
黹Ҫ𣿡Ǹӷ¡ûʲôΣôʱóһЩصĺô˵ʲôҲҪġ
˵Ŷڷӵһ㴦̣ŵ˵־ѾֵرעĶˣ˵ӻзˡ
һ׶ɱȻϾǸܻǻеġ
Ϊһŵ󣬶ҲӦûаɵģԻʲôҲû˵ֻĵ˵ͷ
ϰڿµͷ۾¶һֿϲɫ㿴׵ġ
Ǹϰ弤ĻڲȻ˻ᣬȻ˹ȻȻعȥˣ
㡭һһ߸ߡ
ϰ㣬ǸﰡеͣҲɣǰǾȹ㻹ôţ
¿ϰ壬һϽĹһ˿ɫ
˺ܾãڵҲӮһˡ

ϴ

, Ǹϰսս档
棬¿Źǰϰ, Ϲž޲, ʲô
Ȼ֪϶˱ѣԼۿŶԷô, ﻹ΢Щ΢ġ
µ, ֪ʲô𣿡
ҵȻϰ岻ǵʱһͶ˻µǽͷ, ˿˵˳˾, ǽһɴ䡣

ǽȥ𣿡Ǹ˵ľ˵ôͻȻ⣿
Ѫʲô˭֪ԱߵһСĵ
ǵļƻ𣿡Աߵһˡ˻һӡСӻŻĻ𣿡
ƻҪֹ𣿡
ٵȵȰɡͷҧҧ, ²ոոǸ˽ȥӦáûʲôɡ
Ѿˣȵ˵
һ˳Ĭ˺ܾòͻȻ˵ѹܴ, ˵ѾԽԽˣǻҲԽԽ, ʼ𽥵Ӱ쵽
λֹס, ô˵Ǳ߻ܴΣա
ʱҲá˺ܿ¡Աһ˵, ͻȻһ˵ģǰ֪ʲôأ
ꡣԱһŭһ, ˵ʲôأС¶ãѵ˸Ķݻ𣿶ʱȻ˵ֻĪҪҡģ
ǱԹ˲Ĭһ, Բʧ̬ˡ
ֻ˵˵ͺãͷɲ˵Ǹ˵ҲǶôݶǲ˵ȥѡ
ôôʱ䶼ûгȻһʵ˲ǻĻӦͳ𣿡
԰ԱߵҲȻǱųû治עʱ߷ʱ˵û뵽Ȼͦʱ򣿡
ٵȵȰɡԱߵһ˵Ҿûֶͦģ˵ʲôֶΰ˸Ūסˡ
Ļ´ʱ˿ڡŪǰϰ塣
һǵáոռ뻨ʱ򣬻ѡȥİɣµʱҺͼһ棬ڻϡ
ϰ仰
ǵңǵң
ϰŭš
Ҽǵ㵱ʱڽ۾ÿһˣʱҺϲµҽ˹ƵʱߵҵǰĿһۣƺҪסҵӡ
û뵽˵ļ֮áʱ˿̣ϰѾû˿ɣʱ淢֪ȷʵ࣬澴Ƶʱǵȥġ
ˣĵȷȷǻ档
Щ˴Ҳû뵽¡Ūֶ˵ļ򵥡ֻҪԼȷľˡ
ֻϰʣȻڻǸ
ֻһšµĵһֱ涼ˡ
˵仰ϰһ¡
仰ǲǶͨ滰һֱȷʵˡ
ֵܣҵԸһµϹھƢ꣬׳嶯ҲϲǸӣҾúܲ档
ϰ˼ĵ˵ͷûʲô뷨ʵȴʼܿƵ룬ֵϷˣ
ȷһʲƸˣ汾ˣôһʲôңǱ׼ġλˡ
ϰȻ˻Ϊʲôˣһ˵ʵǿͨڻȷʵûʲôڸеģһ
Ĳ²⣬ǰ桱Ӧ䵽·λҪӻԼ
ԣŻᱻѡϡ
ϰ˷ܵĲˣ˵ǡ֮
Ҫվȷˣôܺ뱲ӻܵζĶ
ʲôķʲôϰ壿ʱܹӴĶѾͨһӶ޷ﵽˡ
ϰʱ˿̵һ㶼ѡǴģǸԶûпǹ
ΪУһֱǸ綼ʧܡ
ҪʲôͬʱλϰҲʳ仰
΢΢һͷ޲ÿƽϰҪҵĻ
ʲô㶼Ҫҵģʱ˵ʲôʲô
û⣡ϰ嵱ʱϲ
ȵôû
˵һҹд𣿻¸߹ˣ֮ǰܹҹдĶݣԲŻԵôֻŬҹдʲôʽϰģȴһ㶼ûͷ
ҹдŵʱɵץС͵Сˡ˵ϰѵһС͵͵ɰʱٳˣ
ϰ˸Ҳ񰡡
˼ʱ򣬻ͻȻŴӺ˳
ϣǳˣ˷ܵĺ
ǰ棬Ǹϰĺ棬ಽġ֮Ǹϰһ̧°ͣͦģû뵽Ȼ֪ͦ˭˰ɣ
֪ˣ֪ˡϰ˵
´ʱ򣬻Ҳôĵˣָıӵ
Ҳҡϰ˲ҡͷЦӻˣ²Ҫ
ͶˡҧгݵЦ´ٸôңŲҰ۾ڳ
ʱˣûȥˡºȻ
ţУʱ䲻𡣡קŻµʱ仹ٳȥһȦ˵ܿĶء
áǰûʲôƢ˵ͷ͸˳ȥ
ϰ˰ѺҵθԹԡ
ղߵˡ˭̷߹ʵ
Ǹͦˡϰһ̶⣬ҲҵĹˡ
̷ĬĬ²ţԸոλ˿ɲһƢ󡭡²һˬֱӽˡ
ϰһ֣һ룬ִŮ˳ȥй˰
Ƣ֪жꡭ

ɹ𣿡»ȥʱ򣬿Щ˱鼫Ƚŵʡ
ɹˡµУĺܿġ
̫ˣȺŻһ˶˷ܵĲУ¿ǹ˷ܵģüë΢΢һ¡
ôǣȻĳɹôϲ
ȻɹһôľͷǳˡǸ˵ſ˻һۣұΪոմӽϾҲĻء
²˵ֵֻЦЦ
ϣһ䰲źߵĹһ˾ĵͻȻյһֻСš
ֻСֵԼצʾȡͰĶ˶ϵݡ
򿪵һ˲䣬Ϥޱȵּ
˵ĿǷǳֱףǿﻯһżͬǺŮǺϲַǳͨ׶ż
ҲǸһķ
ŮڿϵжǺȻ¶һЦݣȻЦһֱֵ
Ļڲƽ
һڻġϴĻ



ȻѾԽԽˡ
ڻ, ȻԵ޹ʵɱһƽ￴ʮֺƵˡ

´˸ĹǷǰ˸ŻƵĵҴܣ˵, һȣҪôżżҲ𡣡
ι, 㲻Աߵһǰ, Ϊæʲô£ǻ𣿾һ˻ڵġ
´ɫȦ, ˵żҲûã˶, ʲô취
ǸԸҲʵ, հ˸ץûΪʲôҪѻ, ⧲ҧԾˡ
զͲԻôҳء
ҡҡͷԱȰԻ·Ǹ˵, ɣͷҲ, ô˵ֻΪǰĶ, 㿴ͷĺȦ
ԭ뷢𣬿ŻƣӣȴȻû˵
û¡ҡҡͷĵ, ֻҪҶҪ, һġ
˿Ϻ˵Ŀ⣬һ͵͵˳ȥ, ׼Ҹط
ͷ»û߳˺ȵȣ
ץͷСһקĸ첲ˣʣͷʡ㡭֪ΪʲôҪɱô𣿡
¿Цŵ㼱ҴҵңΪ
Ц˵ءĵ
ҲЦݣЩɱģЩҲɱġףΪǶͽ
ҲﺰֺѹҲȫɱ˰
ΪһʲôĶµĵȺ˾Ƕһһ˶ġ
ʱǣǾ͸κ񲻵Ĳ飬ΪȺΨһµľֻбǿˣҪһ˱ǿһֱѹǣǡ
ͷи˺һº𣿡
õģµָֻյᣬȱôˣЩԼ벻׵ġ
˵뿪ֻʣһںĬ˰ΣȻһ졣
˭˵벻ףʲô벻׵ġ

žԻȡһЩߣ˵ʱֹ뻨Ϣ
֪ΪʲôϢʱ򣬻һ㶼⡣
˵֡ϸ˲ͻȻ˺ö࣬һ²ҩĺˣǻȥˡ
ǵȻĬĬ룬ϸ»ŻкţʱһֶԷŵˣںֹͣЩĽתˣ˲ξһ
ͨ˵֮Ӱ쵽ҲֻЩ
³ȥ桰ҹдϷˡ塱ĲѾӳǶߵ˳ϾҪһˡ
¸пľʢˣҲæʱѻĶ˸߰˰ˣ˳һЩԼĲ˳۵ĸһ£һЩڻ
ǡϴ࣬µҲûô˶жᣬµԸѡ
ΪϱӵǸ˵ռĿ꣬㻨治ôǸ˶ܻûȥƤĨڵģǻ¸ﲻʹأ
ڷϵʱ򣬾£߰ɣ㣡
ˡεĸȥ˵ٶȣŶԻ׷ɱ·Ӧûܿһ¡
ںԺﴩԼҹٳţѾ˵ϰߡ컪šʱͻȻǽͷˡ
ʲôˣ͵̧ͷ˹ȥ˽լǴ͢ɵģ
һǸһһӣϣһΪͷڸʲôأôʱ䶼û뵽Ȼǽݲؽ
Ϥ̧ͷ˹ȥ·Ųһֵ㡣
Ϻǣѧ׽㣬лͷֻлǸʲôװ㶼װף˵ģһĵ
㲻֪ϹԼͷ飬ΪϹ˵·۾һתĵ׼ʲô
ҡ
ԭģֱֱһ͢ĺӦеľ򣬽һͷϵҹ£˲ֲˣΪϸ˵ҹ³Υġ
ˡµˣ·߸ʲô
·ЦǺǵ˹Ǹǻƽ·ЦǺǵĵҾ뿴㣬û˼
ԭʶһ죬קЦˣƽʱһлд㣬ֻæĽ´˵ɣҪˡ
ȵȣ·ס˻£ôأһ߻ԣôܰ˼ҹҲһأ˵ǲǻƽ
νҾǱӲקġƽҪû㣬ڻڼ˯ء
ˡ·ֻƽòƲһףͻ˸ڷ磬ͷͦæİе棬㡭æʲôأ
üë΢΢һ¡
·룬治·Ȼ²
Ǵ©ķأ
ڻŸôƭ·ʱԱߵͻȻһˣмķ˸۵æһΰ飬Ųء
˵⻰һʣʵĴ˵ļƣû¿ŶúЦ
ʱϣõ˵Ŀ佱ģ͸СһµҲᡣ
ôҲǿһ
·ǳϣûע⵽ǵ·˵ֱһǳ˼ˡ
ʵæһΰ顱ʱͺȻĬˣüֱһ
¿Ĭ˺ܾã֮Ȼ˵ͷʵһֱҶһرˣЩҲ˵
ΰʡʱ򲢲ô׾ͿԱġ
ȷʵرҿҲòΰʣΪЩǴġ
ι˵ʲôأӻµ˳ָ·˵ôŷˣ
û£㡣°˰֣ʾ㲻Ҫ˵
ƽҲʾ·˵ˣ·ǹִĿŻǣ¿·ı飬ε̾˿ôĪǻҪҲɣ
ǿ϶õˡ·Ȼ˵͸˹
¿·ȤҲֹǴǰߡ
֣ʲô˵ͱ˵ͷûӡĻ˵ˣ֪·üãҲֻϹһֹŹֵЦ⡣
ȵĿĵʱɤӣӵĿһ·Ȼʻ£
ǽ׼ȥ˭ҹд
ҹдûתͷ·
ߣְɣҲûãź·û뵽¾ҹдɣ㡣
׶Ļ˵󣬺ĳĬ˺ܾá
ҹдƽͻȻ俪ڵǸһǸҹд𣿡

º͵

찡ͷȻǸҹд
ǰɣǰɣҲû뵽ɣ
·ں, һֱֵСŻ£һ˴󷽷ǰţƽĵر, ߴߴĸСһ
¸о·һֱ͵͵Ц, ǲ˵, ƽǱߺʱʱıһУѽ֮ǰǸץģ
˵ǸɽȺɽˣǾȻ
ﲻò˵һ£ȻҹдͦģȷʵʵġȫĽ
Ͼҹдϳɽ, ҸŻи߶Ⱥ, ץӾȥΪΪ, ⸽һƬϵʮµС֡
ƽ, ǵ̸Щ̫ˡȰ΢ŵ㣬Ϳ·һһƮ˹
֪ʡ
㡭
·˰죬˸ĴָаС
˵ҲȻ·, ;ֱǰ, ֻ˻һǿıӰ

ĸ˵˻ǰӴһϴѾϰƵĲˣһξġ
һƺ̵Ļ¥, Žȥ֮ЩһӾע⵽㣬Χ˹ЦŶԻµϣϰղŻ߶ʲôʱأⲻ͹𣿡
Ա̹ƯĹҪﻪϵӣֹǣֻǵɨһۣǾֻεЦЦȻȥ
¿ԼϵĺӣЦŶ·˸ƣȥ
·ߵʱӱ﷢˺ЦŸҲ˽ȥ
¥ѾΪ׼ϲλãһȥʹһܣȻ¶ζЦ⡣
·üë΢΢һ£û뵽ҹдȻֵطٸƶأ
һƬ֮УԱ߻һӣ·һĵȻҪٸƶĵطˣô⣿
ʱ仪ǴһЩֵֹĳϣĳ¥ʲôģһʼЩڣڶѾȻޱˡ
Ĵ˵ֵطûʲôֵġ
Ƕ·˵Ͳòһˡ
Ż£ȻȤζµĴ˻¼¡
ϰԸ¶˱ƹ۶Ǻ·Լ°͵ѽѽͷ޸ǳû뵽ҹдȻҲôܹĻӭ
ºһھƣ΢΢Ķһ£ûж˵Ц·㡭ôûʲôϢ
ˡ·ʱôæΪǸ𡣡
棿ͻȻ˾񣬡Ҳ֪Ǹ氡
·⻰ʵӲһ£ʲôǸ棿
Һͻǰһط˷ܵĵԶԶĿһۣҲûңʹǵǰ߹ȥˡ
ʶ档Աߺ˿ھƣ͵ͼôһζѣ֪
ġҪ֪ʲô𣿡ãȻĵ治һ𣿡
·üͷ΢΢һ£˵ͻһ𿴼ˡ棿
ʲô
º˿ھƣͻƽּ˵˵ţҲ֪ôͻȻյϣ˷ܵ˵簡Ҳرϲûп
֮ǰǿƽĵҲ֪ȥˡǰϢ֪ôҲˣ֪ȥ
·˾Ʊܿ˶һֱڿ·Щ黹ûиϰãҪȻţȻȥģ
Ҹһȥ·ͻȻվеûţһȥɡ
ϸŲ͡ƽ·
Ҳҡ·ǿĵ
Ҳа¾Ȼûôֹ·ĻǸͺá
·Ż¶˵˳ȥƽĬĬ濴뿪ˣ˻üǲʲôǣ
һС

Ķ̫ˡ·һȻڵͷǸˣ˵˵Ҫʲôأ
Ȼӣ˵·ǰºǵģָʲô治ͣţɱˣ
·³һ
˵û뵽ͷĻͦ𡣡
ֶʵҲûáµĵЩһҪģҲԵúܷ񣬵Ƿֶ㲻ܾ᲻
ҡ
˵ٶ࣬ҲվǷӡժһ俪Ļ⻨ڻµرĽޣΪ󲿷˶ǷӣǵУһЩǺܷġ
ʵҾá·˵òôģŵģȻˣǾһܶ⣬Ҽǵ֮ǰҲûô¡
֪ô𣿡ʵ
·һ£ǰĻ£лǶ䱻ժĻһᶼһʮº͵ˣº͵˼飬·ˡ
Ҳһͷرѣرصˡ
µͷеĻİӵ¥£⻨䵽ĳƮˮ֮ϣһֻСһ
ʵ˶˻ôˣֻô˼ǵáµôˣҲ㹻ˡ
·ǰҲţܾǰһССķɵˣĴһ棬űȻ
ֻڽʱգѾ˻һʷˣʱ˿̻ͻȻһ硣
ǱߵĻ£ȻƲͷ֪Ϊʲô̫ҿЩεһ󣬵ԲҡҲġ
ʲô飿̧ͷʵ
ûʲô·æҡͷҪȻȹȥɣҾͲȥˡ
תߣȴͻȻסȵһ£ͻƽһ߰ɡ
Ϊʲô·ʣ㡭ͲǶһ𣿻ƽͦȥġ
šҲáµھȥǣȥһǸϰɡ
·Żתȥˣ¾⶯ֵֹġ
˵ľһȥǸϰô⣿
ϡ黪ʱ仹ĳ˰Щϡ
·ҡҡͷȻЦֱۿȵͷͻȻһȺΧǣͻȻɵˣһãȻĿŻȥķ
Ȼᣬ·أȥˣƽ´ŷɵʱãȻʵ
Ӧûڻ¥ɡЦŵ
һºȾƵʱ򣬾Ͳ⡣
ϰﻹͦȻûƭѡ˶ڶ桱㡣
һ뵽·ڱӵӣ¾̲סЦ
˭һòϹǵøģһι²ǵӰˡ
£¥ﻹƴӴܵ·ҧгݵĵҴ㣡
ΧȺ˲ϵĺץġץġ޵ֱ
һ뵽¾ȻҲˣֶƵСֶΣֺֺЦ
·ץŸᣬӴ˳ȥͷЩ¡
ȷʵ̫ˡ૵ĵȷʵʱҪʵһ¡

ͼЯ

ǸҪڳԺڵϰ󱻴, µǶһȫڡ桱ˡ
ȺҪߣᡰһ桱ˣеᡰӡˡ
һƽʱڻ治, һֱôǿ󣬻һֱ˳˳ˮôȺ˻ʲô, 𡭡Ⱥ˶Щ
Ҳ˵е˶¸˵, ôһЩһ, ջѡ񲻱ѻ档
¶ⲿ˵̬һٺЦ, ĬĬ˵ϲǣӹһ١
յһϣһ˯ѵģ, ΧȺ˵Ż
, 㶼ղʮˣȫǻˡ
žͿ˯, Ⱥǰͻ΢һ㡣Щ˿ſҪſϵĻ, Ĳ֪Сһ, ʣӴ
, ̫, ͦ˻ˮ, ҪҪһϴС˧翴ͷĵĵ˵

ǵ, ǻ̫, 󲿷ֵֶڹŻֵΰһͲ, ģɰС̾˿˵
ţ˵ϴ𣿡˯ԺĻͻȻ
˶ԼͬİĿͶ
´ԼĻƴͣͳһֽ˹ȥ
ˡ۾Ѿ׾ʣһˣĶѾȷѱ˵, ֯һ룬Եһ룬ǲҪǲʣµЩҡڲģЩٺúù۲۲졭
˵ԽԽС˵һֵʱͿҪˡ
˿ű˦ȻͼĬ
ĬĬתͷ˯ǵĻ棬ĬĬתͷϵ
ŮԱùһ·ϣԱߵС˧˳ǣǷ򵥵Ŀһۺ󣬷һۡ
Աߵһ꼶ԴݳȵҲӹһۣȻҲһۡ
˶һȻ˴˳ĬţЩĪĸӡ
Ժ󣬴Ҷĵ˳ʣ˺Ůչ˻档
С˧һ룬ȻתͷԱߵСûĻéɽ
ʲôéɽСãȻ˵
Ƕ֮ġС˧
УǲĻˡСӵĿС˧һۣ㻨йŹ֣ҲӦǸôǵʿأ
ιŸ˰ɣ

û¶Ի˵ݼǱ˿ģ»˶š
ʵʵ
ٲڰſɹҩģſæµĲ죬ӿǱͨ
ͨ˺üţƽʱڼҲһŵģѾˡ
ĲƽЩͨϾͿɼһߡ
ֻǿһۣ͵ͷҲûʲôоϾ֪Լڳ֮ǰû취ġ
ƽһֱССҽ棬úܽȴǸһԶľӡ
ˡô̧ͷ˹ȥͿһݸ߸ߵվǱ߿
˻֣кӾյ˽
Ҳڰٲ˱Ǹк֮ܽͿʼҩģû飬Щֱŵģ̵£Ҳ֡
ﰲĹ˺ܾãȻʱٲſڵǸССķһ¡
һ˽
ãﲻ𣿡æ̧ͷе˱
Ǹ˽֮ĿݸкϿһۣȻְĿͶͬϡ
ͻȻԼıŵһЩŹֵζӣȷζȷѪζ
Ŀ޵Ŀ˸ոսǸˡ˹ЩˣҰһ¡
õġȥñҩǸɤӵȵȣȥҲñ˴š
û⡣Ҳûж˵ʲôҽݴžҪ·ȷʵױ·˿
һֱĶǸˣҪȥԺʱȻڵȵȣüˡ
ˣôѼˡЦôͿˡ
ȹȥɣҵ˾͸ùȥ
Ǹ˵Ժȥˣõ˼ӣȻĵ˺
ѾǸ˰ϵ·ˣǸժԼͷϵĶңͷҲһĵ̣Ѫûᣬ濴Ѫܵġ
Ҳ䣬˲£н˻ðٲõţܶܵ˶أһ㶼ʣˡ
ֽҲ̫ãΪǻǳһ¶Ŷһ²һ¡
Ѽӷµʱ͵͵ĽԱߵˮ⿴һۣһǰ۽̵ģܹٵ˵ע⡣
ҲֻǵŸģûʲô¾ߣϾһ书ᣬﲻ̫ġ
ˮʱͻȻüͷһ壬ʱǸ˺Ȼתͷһۣ˱飬װʲôûзӡ
־ĵ˳ȥ˵ˡùŹ֣ԲһĽˣ
˸һرϤĸоһʱ벻Լʲôʱ򿴼ˣ벻
ܵ˴ãǸСʰҩأܽȻʼƴýСŵ˴֪ʲô
ȵȡõ˽ͻȻʶһ£ܴ򲻹ǸˣΪոĿһۣͱǸ˸ˡ
ŽãȻվڴ롣
ڰٲóǸСк֮Ҳûκˣ˳ȥȥˣ⵹Ϊĵһ㡣
Ͼ˿ģȴ֪һ˳Ϻ⣬ʲôôûС
ļʱͻȻһ̧ͷӿȥͨȻȻ͵һ飬վﲻˡ
Ск˴㡭ôˣ
˰ΣȻֱֱĳ嵽˽ϣȻƴöš
ۣۣ溰һᣬƿЦôˣôҴҵģ
ˡһĽٲãˡ
۵ı͵зĻ뻨ʲô¡
ڽʽϾȻڵʵһ
Ҵҵһ˲ľǡĪǰٲݵ㱩¶ˣ
Ż¥ɱˣ
һ뵽¥ɱҲЩˡȻ㡭ûйصĶӡǲҡһġ
ʲôʲôһãȻ
ͷһæϧڻһСආܶû˴
Ǹݲͦ˵ʲô
һᣬӲժһС𻨵Ҿֻ͡
ϲЦտĽ˹ȥ˵˵𡣡
˵žʹſ˳ȥȻңһԺͻ
죬ſտҲֿ֣ŷɱ뿪İۣͻȻЩá

룬ǰһ꼰㣬͵ĽӣȻͼ˰ɣ

ݵ

ٲ, Ǹ˰ϡ˵ٵڣ˵ĵδҲ̫ˣ;Ӧõҩ, Ͷ˵ţȥǰõҩ
˵뿪һ£ͻȻһץס˾, Ҫȥģ
ãȻĵ, ã
ˣͺˡǸ˵žǿק
קԺе¡
ק֮󣬿ɼǵ˰, ֿ˿˵, ΢һ¡
ȻûиҶ˵ʲôͷ

ſڵ˰۰ʱˡ
ˣᰢӦѾϴˣٹһʱͳ׷ˡ
Լվһɵӣ룬ۻ˰ٲԼĽ³
Ṧȥ˹ҲˣԶȵһ, ˵Ѿˡ
ӱ޵ĸȥص㡪ĳ֬ӡ
֮ǰÿδϢģôĹʵǵһΡ
ôˣſкĻʶ, æһ˰˹ȥǸƶ԰۵ôˣҪ˿ô죿
£¡Ŀڹ̨˵
֡Ǹ˶԰۷˸ۣæ, ⲻһ֬𣬿˶ѵＷˣϹЦ
ڴŵͷֿʼ̵СӣޱĴԼڴͳһĵϡ
ʲô۰ѶĵϵһӻӣЦ˵Ҳ֬۵İ˵ֲǲܸαظôصġ
Ļδ˵꣬͵ͷǿССĽӣߵЦݾͺȻӲ
üëĿ˵ı仯
Ӻ֬۵꼯ˡ
ô˵ڰļ˳ĥĥģʲôأͲܵĸ㣿
ιһҪô죡ӭŷⷴҲ̫˰ɣҵ׸ʲô
ʵûȺ˵Ի·ô£һʼʱ򻹸˵֣ȵǶóԺȺ˾͸һ
֬۵ֱӳ˼ʮˣۿŶЩĻţطҲ˺üˣûоôˣԼ¥ǰɱǳԸɷġ
ҵ׸ʲôһƬ֮УͻȻץص㣬ǻ֮ǰҲûùֵô
ǸһԱߵ˵ĵõǸ
һã
˭
һСѾͷƬӰ
۵ãһֱȺ˸ϵ˰ٲãʱ˿Ѿſˡ
һܣֺԺ
ü̫ңȷǵ
񡭡û˰е㲻̫һΪһأϾ¥ץּˣͲֻһ
۵ĪľЩΣΧļˣǲʲôۿΧȺѾĿʼĵĳŰٲñƽӣȻԼࡣ
ֽרҵ̬ȾһΧһ㣬ðе㲻˼
ȺС̬ȣͻȻҪûʲôʲôǲЩԲǡ
ԺǸڶţ˵ʮֵᣬǸЦŵû뵽ҿǸӾͷ㣬ԭĸ
ʱ˿ɪɪǸСкҲ˹Ҳһɪɪ
ȳȥǳ侲ĵ
аҪˣô죿
ղ͵˰죬̫ԣװȥˮʵûʲôû˶Էһ֣Ű
ʱѾͷ亹ˣڼӰٶȣӵǸ˶Щͷĵز
ΪҲʲôطԣԼ˰ˣ˻ͷ͹ӲţȻɱ
˹ȻûʲôģᵹǲѶԷˣΪ˾֮ǰǽϵͨ
ˣڰܣһֵġ
ǵͨд˼ڣҪǲСܳȥˣǡ
˿ЩӣƺڳЦһСѾͷƬӾȻҲҹִһ˿أϾ·ǵһμеأʱô֡
һˣһ׼֣溰ȲҪ嶯ٵȵȣ
ǺǣˡǸͨЦСѾͷƬӲ֪ߵغҵҪ֪֪ʲôն񡣡
ţûȳͿѾǸ˽ˡ
ȳȥ岻֣תͷ߶µȸǸСкţȴת۾Ϳһɵֱֱſϡ
Ǹڸͨĳ߿һۣﶼźˡ
ˣˣȫˡԴ룬أأ
ȥ𣿡ж룬˵ͷھȥɣҹζࡣ
ԼСڵ֮Ծܸо˿ֲ
Ľ˱;Իˣһ˵ڹ˵Իǳء
СĽıܿ˵ƣƫƫǲСıˡһ˲䣬ĺͷһԼһѪ֮ӿ
СѾͷҽһ¡ǸͨЦŵʵһʵϧôһСطڴɣٲþ֮ˣҲӲд
Ŀ
Ͽɲ츳þܳģʱҪЩҪһЩʵǸЦŵЩ֪̫ˣ±֪ľ㡭
˵ĵ˱Ĺ⡣
͵ر۾Ҷ࿴ԱǸûܳȥСкҲԱɪɪ
˽ŵ˭۵ʱǰͻȻ
ˣһƬӰڵסǰ⡣
ЩԾ͵͵һֻ۾ǰȽ۾ģһӰ
ĿԺӵС׼ԷƴһеʱԺȻôĪˡ
ЩһʶҲ˵ЩӦҲǸǸͨһģΪղһ˹ʱֱӽǸͨƷˡ
һĸݣĬŵ˹Ŀ֪ǸʲôģҲֻܰĿǡ
ԺһӱʹǶԽûгʶˣȺˣҲܸоֵѪʡ
Ǹݵ˿죬̲סʳǴʱǸ˺ȻЦ
֣ϣзһ仨

СӲҪ˵

ŵĻ, һ˲ϳʲô
˲䳯Ա߿ȥûҵ۵Ӱ΢һ£ǰ仨
СĿǰˡ
ǸСкں, ӹǶ, ۾΢΢һ¡
˵Ƕǡȵ, Ǹˡô
ӹ仨ʱЩӦǰ۽йˣ΢΢ЩΣϾ֮ǰѾѰ򼸸ˡ
Ⱥֵ, ֺЩ˾˭ǻ˶ӰǸģǻԼǮ
Ǹͨڵţ۾ĴģһֱǰЩˡЩ˵ķκòǿʲôִ֮ŵš
ΪͻȻͱһĲڵ, һǳǳ飬˵޷ܵġ
벻Ϊʲô, һѰԼġ
ȵڵһλãǸ˵ݸĶʱ, ͻȻ۾͵һ, ȻƴƺҪЩʲô
ԭںĴǰˣûȫΧȺ˵, ͻȻ洫һ
Ŀ˹ȥ, ͿǸͨҵڵŤ, ۾ķ򣬵ɵӶҪͻˡ
⸱ģʮֵ
˿ʲô˵Ȼ, Ӧ˵ˡΪո˾ֱһֵĲϣ˹ȥ
ǡҪǮ𣿡Ĭһ֮˵ʵĵľԼǮϾȺ˰Ľ𻨶ûˣΪȺ˿СǮء
Χһùֵֹģ˵Ⱥ˿жɡҲǣϾȺжҲڻƷˡ
˵ûжɡȺ˵Īһ񺮡
ھʱͻȻӺ˹ȻһѰק˹ȥĵλллǾǣʶǸС̫ء
Ǹ˿۱񻤼һקȥͺȻЦ
㻹Ҫɱ㣬¶Ҫһӡ
ιüͷ˺ְҸҪɱ򰡡
ҲǸ˼ҾǾû书ŻͦȤġǸæЦŵתͷİɣﲻõġ
Źһʱ䣬ȺͻȻֶͻȻʧˡ
ʱһ磬ߵʱҲͬġ
ǸͨҲץˣȺ˰˴ߵʱﻹ΢΢һ£ϾͨͽͦߣһԼҲûʲôû˵
һֱվߣ΢ĿȺˣһֱһ˴ӰٲȥԺ˿
㣬㣬û°ɣǸСӺ˹ŵĿ
ȱˣ̻ؼңҲ˵˭֪ʱͻȻһĶǸС
ǸеɵۣǺܿ챻˳ȥȻĿš
СŪȥԺһֱģʼڵصš
еãȻֱͻȻһĴȵţȥ㻪硣
ȥһʲôɵˡ
㻪硭Ǳʶˣ׼û˵žͳţһúôţܰ
ãȻĿһᣬϵûĻ͵͵Ĵ˳ȥȻ󵽶š
֮󣬾ͿһĴ˳
Ĭһлл
û¡һɵ˵
Щˡҹģ
ӣô˵ҲûʲôֻܾЩֵֹġ
ǰɡֻô˵
ˣֵл
ֵֹֹĸоˣǰ˵СѾͷ֪֪Լݰ
ǰҲΪѾͷǻһ߲ͨҵСӣڿ̡
̫񰡡

»ɻأתͷ˵ٲǱ߸ˡ
˵ٲͻȻȥ˼ʮˣҶǸ֣
ƤЦⲻЦǰǸ˵¸˵š
ԡȺĪͳ˰ٲãǲһ磬ҲûΪʲôԭ򡣡ǸĶԻµǲ²⣬Ϊ㡣
ң
ǽӦȥġǸĿŻµҪ֣ǵ¡
ǡ±׼һӵɣЩ˵ĻȻɵˣԼ˻
ȵϻذٲõʱԼҪŲסˡ
ʵյϢǱȽģСӾͰѰٲʲô¸ˡ
ȿһѱ֮󣬻Ҳһͷߣչֳ֮Ⱳܲ˳Ļʱ
Ǹͨǿ϶û취ˣױ˷֡˵ιǺǿģǰժǱҲûųȥ
Ǹ˵²ûϳ˵ݣǵˣǻϳ˻ˣΪǰٲô̽ġ
ȻǾ˳µƶϳȺǳŻۡ
ǻɻҪԻ֣Ѿ˻߼ðжˡ
ΪƲ⣬Ǹ˵ֵ¿Ǳңе˶ȷѰҾ©˭й¶Ϣ
ǰ°ˣŲǰһأȥǸڵı¶ɡ
˰ٲãͿ˿Ҫѵظ̤ƽ˵Ż£˲ûµıһӱЩء
ңҽȥţ˼Ҳҽȥĵ
³ϿҵĵҴˡ
ҲѾˣһһҵĳŷŻµǸģЦŵѽû£ǱŵˣԷɡ
һģͿޣ𡣡ƲƲ졣
ҲԷأͻˡڼ˵ע£ҲĲ鲻Ը˷ǰ
ǾЦɡϵļ˵Ƕ֪Ⱥ˭ǿ²¶²
˭̧ͷ˹ȥʵҲЩ档
Ҫ˵ʲôǾһȴˡҵðõ
ʣԱߵĻͻȻ˸ס졣
û£˵˵ҾͲˣʲôֵôСĽЦ˵
Ҳá³ļȵ˵ͷȺ˲ģǳЩˡҽǽӣǻ
û˵꣬һҲûˡ
ѽû¾ˣϾǸͨ𡣡ЦŴԲҲ֪ǽú³ʲôӡ
ʵҲûô£Ⱥͦģһо͡һν˻Ȼ˵û䣬ͱ˸ͷ
˵ô£ϸ˼ҺҪҭˡһſӣ鲻ĿŶĻ¡
һһȦΧڿˣͷ˼ĵҴˣˣԷԷ

Զ

εڻ¿һ, ȴһϵк˴ֲ
Ҳʱ򣬻²ʶһֱǸ˵ﻹһǳµĴڵ, ҲǸһֱֵ̫, û֮ǰûʲôˡ
⼸컨ʲôû, ߵӰ˺ü, Ψһһɽ, Ϲ̬ȻǸ˶ʱ
ֻл֪ǾȺв
, ʲô뷨𣿡һ죬Ǹ˷ĸ߸ϣĵһһ¡
¹ҲΪҲΪʲôɣԲŹˡ
ͻȻ, ¾˻ͦ, ϾѾװĬװôʱˣҪٲҲ˵ȥ
ǲһֱҪʲôˣҲǸԭҲ֮ʲô©µĵ
ŶǸһµĻ˳øȤ, , ô֪
±죬
ˣˡǸ˿ŻµεЦӣֻʣҲҪʲô
˵⻰ʵҲţܿ˵һʾζ
ǲŭ, øĻǾͣǵһжƵ˵
ȥ
˵仰󣬾ĿǸ΢΢սһ¡
Լ˵ĻǸ޴ĲϾʱ仪µ߶ˣǸ˺޲ֱû´ڼﲻȥ
֪˽ǰһղƷģһִղƷ
ʱ˴ʱ˿ʵЩˣ¾һ֡ԼղƷûдɹͻȻ֡˵ĸоһڼΪղشҵ˵һ޷ܵ顣
ջķ˲֡
µҲżĳĬš
һ㶼ûиǸ˽ͣҲû˵ʲôĶһֻսıǣƫƫ̬ȣǸ˳˼
һᣬǸ˿ڡ
ҲáǸ˵˵ͷǰгϢˣҲ»ˣȷһ¡
û¹
Ǹ˲˵ִֻЦڿѾˣѾû˿
ԣ֪һƺǺСֻѾôˡ
ôʵġ¼Դҩ𣿡
Դɱ˽֮󣬾ͱԽԽˡǸ̾ȻˣôȥɣҲ㣬Ϳʲôز

ţȻ˽ȥ
ԼеżСĴӺ汧סˡڿʲô
ûʲô̽Լеŷȥ
櫸ղֻǿٵһۣԼġٲá֣Լ룬ڿǰǼ£
Ȼˡ櫰ѹԼļµվһߡ
ʶĳŴ⿴˹ȥĬĬ룬ˡӦþҪ˰ɣ
֮ǰյ鱨ᵽǸˣûпԷȴĪĶǸ˺Ȥ
ֻǶǸֵΪղƷĺɣϾܱǸղƷġһ˫ˡ
һ˼ڴǰ˰죬ʱȻ΢˼£ʶĳĵط˹ȥ
ȷͣԺͶһˡ
˵ϴŵһɫɫ΢Щ԰ףһ԰׵Ĺһ
һ˲ʶ˾ǻˣ͵͵Ŀһۻ£Ȼڻıüͷ΢΢һ¡
ζ룬û뵽˳ûͦ˧ġ
ˡ浭ĵɤЩɳƣ֪ΪĴ˻ļˣ˵΢ЩˣԲŻ
̫ˣʹȫԹ۵ˣҲܸоֲеһЩȫûκɾͱģֻܽΪ࿴˻һۡ
ʲôϵأҪЩùһЩǸֵµˣǸ˽һ߷磬Ų¡
£΢΢˿ҲЩ⣬Ͼ岻ʱķ裬ֻ߲ŻԵ侲һ㡣
ƿһζ𣿿ϧҧҧԼ촽͵͵ĿһԱߵĻ档
ϧʱղá
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ǰҪ󵨵ĶࡣԱ߶һƱ浹˱ƣȻԼȥ
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һ㶣һ˿ϰߵĸо
һ仰Թ𱸣ﵹԵû
֪һ㣿˹ӹ˾ƺԱһƱ֮һںȥĶҲ̫ȻѾôһ
ԸôЦҡҡͷϾ̫˽ˡ
ںſҪսЩģϾǸ˸һ񣬾ǹ۲컪µı֣ȴԼĪЩ벻ȥǰĪľγһεǽ˿
ͻҲû˵仰˴󲿷ֵʱ䶼ȾƣľܺãµľҲ
ں˰죬ľЩ
ĥ˰죬ͻȻʶֲΪ˵
ƺڱƴ櫸ܲʲôȴһֱѵ֪ʵ
˴ӸղſʼȻһûУ΢΢һ£еĲ豭һˡ
ڻôʱ䣬˵ڲӪںǶڻǿʵһ㶼ϵġ
⻹һοܹƴˡ
书ǰ˺ܶࡣЩҵˡ
֮ǰЩ飬㲻һ𣿡
ʲôº˱֮˵
ֺһھƣʲôû˵ȾƵٶȴ΢΢ļӿһЩںĵսȭͷѾǰڴʲôԡ
ֻǡ˵Ļشͷһ˵Ҳ̫çײˣĵĻش϶ǻʱ˿Ҫġ
櫸ദôãȻ֪ϲʲôĻش
ϲӵģûģȫȫչ¶ǰû˿ڵĻش
˲СǾֻԼ櫵𽥱ú
ʱ˿̣ȴֺһƣҪٺһʱͻȻˡ
ҺȾƸʲôϵЦһ
Ϊģ̇ͷϵĪ̾˿
ЩԶģһλȴ׵û滹кˡ
ϣΨһһԶᱳġ

ɣҩ

˵⻰ʱ, ȴϱһйԵ顣
类ɱǰãʱԹıð
統ʱĻϲΪǻת, ˺ܶȥ, ĳ¥ҪһǳҪľۻʱΪԵ
ʱԾһЩֵ, ڵʱ翴ѾʲôˡΨһںľ֡º͡, ʲôʱ
ȻΪǶʱûô¥, ױץס©, ֱΧ¥

䵽, ºȻǸ˴ϱӵⱲõķһģһ, 㲻ġ
ǻ룬ǲ֪ǶʱйŹ
Ҳðɡ
ڻµˡ
벻ʲô״п͸ġ
桱˻µĻ֮Ĭ˺ܾãʱʵҲЩ
Ϊ漰־ֵĳ, һǸ״ݶϷ, ղǴڼ˷ӣ˵֮ŷòеġ
⼴Ӹпϱӵô¡
µС˧Ҳɻһ룬ҲڵŻĴ, ʵһֱ˫Ǹ, һγĬʱȷЩ, оЩˡ
ĳĬ˺ܾ, ڻҪҪŴһ״еʱͻȻ״п˿, ˵ġ
ţһ, ԥһԡ
Ժҷ㱳ңҾɱ㡣
, ţ
Ĭ롣
ȵȣ仰԰仰ȫھ籾ϰ
̬ȼ˫꣡²֪ΪʲôԻ·ͳֵķܹȥˡ
Ĳϱô״Ҳ꺮ůģôֱӱɱˣ
仰֮ͻȻͷһ˵⻰Ӧġ
͵سŻ¿˹ȥǸѹȻʱԻʱҲ̧ͷ۾±ʲô
ЩĻҲͬᶥסѹȴû뵽ֻһСᣬͻع
櫿¿Ż۾ֱֱģûһ˿ƫƣ˿¸Ķӡ۾ϵľͺʢϵһ
µŵʱķ硣
˵
ôƭء
һԲ
Ȼ˻ᣬȻȻȵͷ
ں櫶ˡ
˲һ¡ıǩ
֪µݣ֪µȷǴĿӽģ֪´ʱ˿˵ĵȷǻѻôڣܶᱻƭȥ
һΪ˲ܵĻԶ˵ôˡ

櫴˳Ժ󳤳ĳһ
һԼԴϣѾȫ亹ˡ
ŵøԼһױںͻ浥ЩʲôЩʵ櫲̫ˡ
ովôһº඼ЩҪܳ޲뻨ԶԶģԽԶԽá
ȵ²ױ·պÿ´ӻķ˳
ܹӻ淿߳Ǿ˵Ѿ̸£ˣû뵽˱ĻҪ
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Ż¸ո߳ûһᣬȻǰȥһס
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һ¥
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˶Դ櫵̬ȶʮֵĹûκΪһϾܹѾΧ˶һƬ
ߵһû˵ĵطµĿ˵һ䣬֪СֵطҪʲô
ת˹۾һˮһ㿴˻һۡ
¼ʹһŮ˵ݣҲòظ˵һ䣬˼
ⱲҪʮ֮һŮζˡ
¿櫵۾ǽζЦŵĪС㿴ң뱳Ż͵飿ֻҵСһ䣬Ҫû֪ˣ¿ɲôˡ
Ȼ֪˿£ΪʲôҪҹأֿ˻һۣ۾ƺ޵ķ밧
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¿櫵˹һͷȻԴһ¡
ἴʹǵĸ̥soloҲһ˿̫Ծζķǳ䣬Լȵĸӡ
ղǾ仰ʵʵǿЦģ㤵Ī㱧ſЦֶ̬ԷȻûڿЦ¡
תһ룬ˡ
֪ǸҪԻֵ£ҲǲǸ˵Ŀ֮Ҫô׾ͷԼڻٻǲܵġ
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˵ĪǾǴ˵еġntr
ɱ˻ɡ櫿ĻΪʳһ仰
ɱ˻棬ôҾˡ
˻
˵԰á
뵱ɹҩʱûݡ

ϤǸ櫡
µͻȻ¶һ˿ŹֵЦ⡣
Щ²ԷϲʲôŮˣֻƾԼĲ²֡
ʵ¼ʱӡľǻЦŶԻ˵ѵʱ
һ̣˵ʵ櫵𶯺ܴʶĸˡǸıǩ
ʵ벻ʲôܹΨһܹȤġֻǿߵĵʤǷɣ
ǹʳһһֻԷ̻ʣֻһǿ϶ѷԹ⡣
³Ĭ˶ã櫵ľ˶á
ͻȻָо׽͸ĸоָо֮ǰֻĻᵽ
Ǻǡ櫼ܲסֳĬʱЦǳĵͳȴҲֲࡣ
ȻˣҪסԼ˵Ļ
ңҲǻɱŶ

ֱת뿪˺ܾá
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ʵܾǰԻʱʵĻЩɬģʵȻҲ֪ǸʱĻͷѣʵǿʶ˶᲻ĳ֮С
ʲôʱ櫵̬ʼıأ
ѾˣĳһȴͻȻоڻʧˣޡ
ƺûвȴоĺԡ
棬һһ
ģƺҪˣҲѾϰ˲֮ǰһȴǿĻ档
ֱոĺëһ̡
Ȼһεһðƻᵽָо
ɣ
Լ
һðƻôҲԽƷ



櫹ƸǸֵµ˵Щʲô, »ȥ֮Ǹ˶Ի³ƵǴΪͬʱҲûΪ, һЩССĽ
ֵѾ˼, ЩԭǸµģڣǸ˸˵ЩѾˡ
Ҳûʲôð£ΪԼġСиǰ;, ˸ĺš
¿⼸ˣһһʱ, ǽʹһЩСӣҪ̫, ɢǵעˡ
桭𣿡һ˿Żµɫ, Щԥʵ
õġƶЦĪǰ⼸˾Щз
ҵκġ

һʱľͬ˵һЩڻһֱ͵͵ĸ£ǻûпһ˿ûйǡ
ǸֵµһЩ˶Ի¾, ˵ϴθʲôԻҩ, ȻûԻµЩٶ޶ԣ
¶Щ˵ľ, ҲֻЦЦ, ⲢҵĹͣһСġ
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һ뵽櫵ĿԽһЩ
ʲô
ٹվǻ˵ˣ֪ˡҪЩʲôأ˹ȥ˳ڻǰͷ
͵͵Ц櫵ͷ˵أ
仰Խĺ

£ˣ
ˡ
ϵľͱ͵͵Ժȥ˯˯֪һҪʲô۶ӣһ𴲣ŵﴫ
̽ͷ˹ȥͿһŵϣҲոմӳҲеû䳰ȷǱྐྵӡ
ˣա˵״еա
ڹŴûе⣬ҲûʵȥûйգΪȥһֱȷ״еʲôʱ򣬹˺ܾòڴ״еļ淭
껪״йһյģԾڸٲõ˵һ£û뵽һгԡ
һڣһھͳա̧ͷЦŶ˵ԭİ
˭˵ģҴ˺𡣡ĵ
Լͷ˼ԱߵҲ˹Աߡ
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һжΪǸ֯һֶθ߳ˡ
±ȽϺȴΪѣӴ˶˵һΪµˡ
Ҷֻ֪֣֪ĴţĴƫƫû˷ǳмӸС
档
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ĿǰҲڰ͵͵ټΧķǣ֯ƺһЩ͵ķ漫ΪӰ֮ǰ֪ŵķʱȻֶˣЩ˶ûܴ򶯵˵ġ
˶Դ˷ǳĵǣϾ֯ͻȻڻ˵һв
֯һֱЩʲô飬˶Դ˰˼⡣鱨дǾΪ⡪ȻǴŻôʱ˿û뻨йκεͻƺֻ㡣
˵ĽǶҪ͸ֽ洫ˣһˣȷʵ޲ߡ
¿һ󣬺ȻЦЦջ鱨
ʲôûпһ׼ŸɻȥЩҩ֮ġ
Ÿոչ䲻ãͻȻ۽ǴһֵӰӡ
µ۾΢΢һ¡

ҩĵĵطٲкܳһ·ÿζҪаСʱң֮ǰÿһλм䶼͵͵Ṧһ·λ¾Ȼһֱʵʵţżͣ㶫
һ̯СΣֳԱ߿һۣһӰ˹ȥ
Ȼûп
һµļѡһĥ˵ݡ
ʵ֪Լһֱм˸ŵģ˵ĸ߳˵ĵҲȽϴ󣬾Ȼôֱӹ
Ѿ˻Щˣ¾ٺúõĹ۲һ£ȻжҪʲô
ʱ̯һ˻µע֣İ
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˵ĹŹ֣ǿͦȤġ
¿ߣ̧ͷǰͨϰ壬ʣʡǴյİ
յġǸϰɳɤ˵
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㰮򡣡ǸϰȻֱôص̬ȷǳĲãʱ²ŷ֣ƺΪԺȽŲãԱ߻һӦǹõľ
ˡ²ٶ໰ǮСӡⶫȻͦģ۸񻹲󣬸պҲǻŰµĹǮ
ǼҲû̫ǰʵԴϴδӻ֮Ǹ˵ټϵЦݶҪܰˡ
˭ܿó¾δĻ棬˭ԸʱΪж
»վװ䳯ΧһۣȻע⵽˸ϸڡ
ǸӵĴƺֲôʹһֱһֻװʹ⶯ٶ˺ܶࡣ
ǱСЦúܲã۾ҲܺÿֻİѾʴĿˣ¶ɫ˰̡
¿ʱ򣬺ȻԱһ˹һСĸײ˸
ϣԲ𣬶Բ𡣡Ǹ˶ԻǸײ˰ɣû°ɣ
û¡¿ʮֺƵ̫̫
ѽ̫̫񲻺ʹ·ˣСðС硣Ǹ̫̫ЦеĵҸմǱ˵㶫ָһ룬Ǹɡ
㶵Ŀ̫̫ݹİ
ʹû򿪣ζ֪
װӦǼĹ𻨸⣬ǰĳһطԵ



»ذٲÿй𻨸ʱ, Լʲôʱ߽˱˼ҵĵ̶ûзӦġ
ʵϻҲûвֵֹģ;ͻȻΧķ羰ƺ֮ǰﲻ̫һͷǵɻӵԺ
ϾǸ˵¶ѾƬطԲ, ˳ɾ˸۶ӣҲûĸƤӵ¸¡
ԡλ˵е, ҲͦԼ°͡
֮ǰԤġȿ, ҪĶࡣ
µͷԼõǸС뵽
ӵģһҲܹȥ, һֱ־, 񻨴Сһ
򲻹, ͱ, һ˳µ˼·˵
, 

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ҲرĿģв̯ɴԼ̯ѿţýÿһ˶ѳ, Ȼ˸ֹˡ
С˧һϾ̽ͷ򣬳˰תͷߵĺŮ˽Ĳ𣿡
ӦǡŮͷ
⡭Ҳֵ飬ϾȷȽϽšС˧пĵֻľҪǿҲʵ̫ϧˡ
԰
½ȷʵеҪ飬Ǿȥһ䡣
Ҳȷʵûĵطȥڰٲˣ˭֪˰, Ȼˡ
££˷ܵĶԻµϻȥ
¿˷ܵӣԼĥһ£Ҫȥʲôط𣿡
֪һطر棡ߣһȥ氡
ʵӦܲ³⸽Ǹ桱ĵطģϾΧ˻Ҳûбĵطˡ
ŵʱ򣬺ȻʣԼֵǸط𣿡
ǡҡҡͷһҵġ
һ塭仰ĥһ£Ȼû֨
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û¡·ҡҡͷ򣬡ǲ
ǡ
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˵ͷֵر֣Ϊ˽ҲΧ˶ȥǱ߿ˣ˵Ưˡ
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ʱ죬ƨҲͦ࣬¥ΪҲ˸ڶ˰ۡ컨Ҳһޡ
ۡ㿴ΧԵø˷ܣ¸ߣһһ߸˷ܹͷק
Сġקһ£һˣ˿ͻǣҲûϲЦտĴԼеĿڴûץһߡ
ץԼһǹ·ߵ̯һССӣһɰСͷϣΧϵЩӳ
Ļ治תͷһ󣬸˷ǵûм٣ˣΪԱԭ
㿴ǱߺһˣͻȻ˷ܵŻµļ̧ͷһǸ߸ߵĸ¥վһź·Ĺ߸ߵĿǡ
΢΢¶һ˿Ц⣬Ƚܹڵı顣־ĸѾûа취ȥˣڵıӦһЩģǶԻЩˣǶԻġ
վ棬Щˣϵȷ֪ľ¶һ˿ı顣
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䵽ϵʱЩ㱣ݶţҲСĸŽµߡ
´㳯ߵǸ¥߹ȥǸ¥ǻڵĵطǻһѴ򿪣Ľֵ֪飬һܹǸ¥ĵط
ţ˳ŻµָǱ߿һۣȻ۾ҲǱߵĸ¥ˣСĴյµĶʣ˭
ǻֵˡЦŵһοǸ
㾪ȵĵɴ۾
¥ѾϯʵҲǳԺֵģͬʱҲǼʮ۵飬·˶ҪϹף٣ֲһĶǡ
¿ǱģӰӣŶܹ³˭˭λøպùȴ
ӰܶºȻЩֻƽС˧ǵͷʹ˰ɣҺ
ͷϾǸ߸ߵŵ¾ֵĻ֣ȴڸ߸ߵݶϣ·˼Ľ㴦
ºȻΪʲôǸҪˣһʱȷʵǸرʱ̣һ˹ʱ
ʱ̺׾ͻ˵һӡǡ

ϯｻŨʱ򣬺Ȼһ˴˽ֱֱĳŻ
˶һ㶣ˣв˶˳ǻֵµһʵˡ
˵ͷޱĹ˶ʶʲôҪˣԼͬķеıӣǸˡ
ϯ֮ΨһһӰ컹ںȾƵˣ¾ֻʣ˻档
˻㱨˹ڵϻĵ
̧ۿһ£ĵĵôˣ
Ǹޱ飬⸱ӣȴĪ˾ĸо
һһĵ֪ϲʶһµˣ

ݶϵʱѾˡ
˰ԱߵĻʣ㿴桭ǲǳʲô°

ظһĻ

ʵͿǱߵ, ֻһֱû˵ѡ
ΪҲûڳʲô
Ǹڵϵ˻µʶģһͦõһ£֪ôȻط
гһ, ȻͿŅ̀ͷŻд˶ʶˣˡˡֱ, ҾӦɱˡ
ݶϵĻ»һ
, ôˣɻʡ
û, û¡Լı, ȴ룬ȵ, 籾е찡
˼һᣬ˻Աߵ, ȵ, ǰһա
ҪǰһãȻǱק¥һ
ߵĽȷ, Ҳ㻪´, طû취ղ˵˵ˡ
תͷ˸ơ
һֱĺž, ƺڵϵǸˡոջڴߵɫһҴҵ˹
˵ô£˾Ȼ˻µˣ
еʷĳֹ൥ǵֵסġҲû뵽ϱȻһΣôһ¡
ŻС˧ᶼѾ˲ˣűŵǷϣʵͷġ
оһϵлĸָ, С˧綼λ羿ʲôʱе飬ܹôණġ
Ҫ˵ʱ仨ȷʵһֱ°п˲ٵĺţϾ¾ǻ氡¿ţܸ˭
ƽʱҲˣȴƫƫǻٳ
С˧ԼڵԴѾرˣ˵Զ׼Ǳƹ
ô棬һþش¹ʡ
ǸĶŻ棬ԶݶϵĻµԼ°ͣϱӵ顣
״еϣҲôһ¥Ƶǳ൨ĵ˵˵˽Ȼڶɱԡ
ʱǸ˵ƺҲ˱йŹ֣һֱ͵͵ļƻʲô
ʵ˵˼ֱԤԵۣǸͬûóʲôʵԵľٴ룬ջǱˡ
˵ûбɱˣ¥Ҳ˶ˣ˭¸̫ᱻǺϣ¥ҲͱԵˡ
Ǽ¶˵ȷһ۵㣬Ͼ״һرϲųˡ
պƴķ·˶ףˣȻڷ£ֱڵ
Ȼٹһ֮糹ʧƣɢǿ˻ٸٰôʢˡʱ״ǻԻǲţʵѾûʲôˡ
ԭʷ̵ʱˣüë
˵˶ͦϰȻЩο
¶ڻһֱôأϾһֱڵзӪ˾Լڵ
£ͻȻϴʵ٣˶Щϸڡ
櫴ʱǰСߵ˻Աߣ˫ĸ˻ļͷ
۾Ƴ˷ǷݶдĶ͵һ
찡Ȼǻ¡
˵ôֵģ
ºϷԺЩȻȻҲ͸ˡ
Ǵʱ˿Ҳ˸¥Щ飬ҲСĸ˹ȥЩո˵󣬾ȻıȻǻҪ
λãʵܹǵľĸˡ
۾һȦʶ£Ⱥ˶ڻʵǴһ¡
ҺãЩܹ˶ǻµĸҲºͻĹϵæǼˣǲҪ
С˧籾Ѿĥɱܲܰ˸סˣϾм˻ڻ¸ϣʱͻȻ߻µĴ˲ͷ
ǱߣϾĿǸڵϵˡ
櫿˵ϹŵǸˣЦŵλǳ˰ɣһưɣǸӣαء
ڵϣ̧ͷ˵櫣ͬҲʮֵį}ˣ櫿žͲĺһ
˵һѵӣҪֱֱĲһ
ˣˡЦŵⲻƽС𡭡˻ᱻӸˣҵǲһס
֪С֮ǰһֱʲôطأֲ֪С㡭ʮǰϵʱָ´ʲôطأ
櫵ĺ˰ġ
ＸһӾʶ˳˵ʲôʮǰǻ´ϵ˻һ졣
һ죬뻨潻һ֣Ȼȥ֮ŻȥԱߵһС˽˵Щ
櫵۾ľͳΧЩ˿һۣЩ˶ǵڻЩˣƽǶԴİ
ʱŻ¥ʱȷʵûʲôߵ顣
ôֵıϵôǰ˵һֲͬζ
ʱ˵۾櫵Ͽ鲻һɿתһ¡
Щ˵Ϸʣп֣Ҳء
̹׵˵櫲ΪЩ˻Լ˻棬ΪȺУӦûκһѻ顣
Ӧֻ뿴ķӦ
֪һǳںӵˣ䲻ϲ˵˵ռҲرǿЩ櫶
ھϣȻһֱڸҲڣһôһ˿Ǹ䶪ӵ¡
ǰǴʱ˿櫾Ȼ̧̫ͷȥ
櫼˲͵ϵı飬˫۾ͻȻһ˿·˵ȴǿջЦţƺŬάⳡһ
ǿЦŶų´˵Цˡֻǡһѣˣȥ˰˿ڡ
ʲô˻أͱˣ֪书ɲͰ
ҧ촽ٶ˵
ʲô⣬ǻ½𣿵仰һ˵Ϊ˵ǲ˻̨Ϊ黨Ӧòûñ֪
ʹΧ˶Լ⣬Կϧ
ͷ˵ʱ򣬺Ȼ䱻һѱ˻
ﲻķһ
ԶݶϵĻ´ʱ˿̣üȻʷѾôɺˣӦǿʲô
˼ĵʱ״ϯϣ¥˵Ļһһٵ˵
µΪֹˡ
ǰһƶѾˣƺȾ˵ľ櫿ĺܽŵЩ㡣
ȻϲȾƣƽԲȵô
ݶ˵
ҵ磬ȻǾǸӡ濴ˣЦ˵ڸոճ˵£ȻҲǳں⡣
ֻǡһ¡
ҴΪʲôҵ
櫸о汧Լֻƺ΢΢һЩҪٽ
ڻĻȻֽٺĸо
ʵҲû뵽Ȼ˵ڵ˵˵Ļ


ʷı仯벻仯

ʷϱһ, ֺ
ʵһܾܾøıˣ̫ɺϵ顣
ϾִԽͦа, ˵ŰɣԼԼľƺҲ˵һְţ·עһ㡣
ŸļǸ˵С˳˲˵ء
ջʮֳص, Ҷó滰ֺǿӲǱ̬ȣʹһʼûʲô, ʱ˿ҲЩΡ
ǿ˳Ĭ, ŮƱ, Χ˵, ҶŸʲôȾư
ãáΧŽƱ, ǸոʲôûзӡԭڵϵĳҲȥ, ȻǿӲİλϡ
µڴǸ˻
ȾˡڻµĶС˵
ûˣǻȥɡʱ·ߣ㱻קߵʱһã
ܾһһصĺʲô, ֺʲôҲûз
ﳤĳһ, ŻЦ˶
ȻЩ˼飬櫺ܿ͵
뵱洳ʱ, ͲֹһΪ¶, 
櫱϶Щ˶ǴЦģȴǳıģЩ˻¡
Ŀڻؿ, ȴЦš£ҲֻǺȺһˡ
Ǹ¡
Ȼ¿ʱֿµ񣬺ȻЦ

ͷ𣿡ƽʡ
·һ˵϶ģõġ
ߵ˻ǶСϣ˶̧ͷָָ㣬·ִֵȻҪȥʣڿʲôأ
ղиرˣקһһӾͷɵߵǸ¥ˡ
ƽԺתͷǸݶ۶Ǿȣ˵÷ɶ߰
·仰֮ǳĬ
ǰһ·ƽνǿʲôرģϾֵȷһǳĵط
˻ᣬ·Ȼͷһ֧ӵĻƽȥɡ
ƽ죬ȻᡭǲһͷôתҪˣ˰ǡôҲøҸɰɣ
Ҳûʲôɡ·ҡͷɡǾԲܸ˵ġ
·ͻƽڽϽţ˭Ҳ˭
ʱ䣬ϡ
賿ʱӦûųرƯ̻׼ʱ״˵һտ֡
ʵ˵ͻȻʵͦɥģԼֱϱӵѾȥˣĿǰĻĳЩϱӵغϡ
¸ղ˵ʱҲ״оһʲô飬ֻϱӵһظһ飬ӦûһЩʧİɣյһ졣
һֱʱϿգһ޴̻¿̻С˵һ䣬տ֡
¥ںȾƵĻҲ̧ͷ濴һۣĸ¥һЦò֡
滹ڽŵĻƽ·̻ͬʱԼͬתͷգִҲͽС
ĳӵĽһߵ˰վӰ̻ը΢΢һϵߣȻʧ
¿ʧ̻Ŷ˷ܵĻոһ̻̫û״ûʲôӦ
һĩβиϱӽȻͬĵطˡ
Ϊ˶֪ϱ賿ʱ֣״ںԳ֮һԼȹġ

ƽ·Ƴˡ
ǻ´ӻֵֻ֮һǳ顣
Щ棬˵˳ʲôܣ
ĪĳҲȫǵķ񰡡
Ҳͼʹ·ϧ·ֻҪһͳۣĻıӣû˵ʲôɤ
ôۣҲûʲôÿο·۶˼⡣
ʲҲͲˣϾ˼һֱҲʵǸľ
ͻƽΪ˺ܺõѣԴϴμ֮һʣʱʱĳȥһ֮ģƢ֣ƽЩСƢҲͦ͡
¾žͱǸһˣʱͻЩСŤԼǱżˣϾҲϲȻ򣬵ÿγŶ
µıŤҲһ˲ģܿͱǱߵѵæ
ԣϴǸȫʵģʼˣ׼Ի֡¸ϱӵʱ߶һ£ͦǵģǰĲһߡ
Ҳʼ
һŶż죬ͻȻҪ
һ롣
ͷȻЦݵģ˵ſɲ͡Աߵｻһ͸˹ȥ
һ·ϣ¶ΧЩͬѰһֱߵĳСǰʱ򣬻²ſһǰĻмϤˡ
µΧ΢΢Ľһ¡
лϤĹģк롰Ŀƽɣͦ໪ֻ˵֣ʵжŵ
û̫ôһأͱ˸һͽһأһϤվӵ룬¾Լ֪Ҫһ¡
ʢΧˣޱ顣֪ΪҪȽأԲŻôһףǲ΢βһ¡
ʵ;һϸڡǾΧв͵͵Χ棬ڱΧĳû¸Ǿòû˵¡
šʱиĵĶЩͻȻ˵Ǵ˸˴Э顣
תͷ˵ĺȻλ̡
ѴҽΪһ¡ʢ˵Ժޱ˵ڳˣĿһľӢˣ˶ĿǳϤ
ǻһۣµλܿƽɵĴףǵò֪˭˵ƽԴ֮ʵһٷǣѾһǳˡ
ȣĿĿıΪ˴ڲȻŪǵҪʲôʢڣѾ˽˷ӵĶͬʱҲһµ⡣
Ǿǻ档

شҶʶˣϾڽĹʢ˵
ȺĿȴ֪ΪͶ˻µϣǵһϵ֣ǾҪһŵµĹ



¿ʢڿ, ֻܡʶһ㶣ʢΪûո˵ʲô˼
ʵϻ˵ǡҲǸһֱӺ뿪ˣ׼ˣ
ϧ
˵ٶ, Ǹ˿Ҫ˲ֹġ
֪ϱӽӦþʱѡΪŵĹ, ֮ǰ, ӦѾǸ˸߷ˡ
ŻΪǱһĹ, ȴλ¹Ѿˡ
̾˿ʱ, ˵, ʱգܹĶгΪǱʵ, е, ûеĿԸԱߵλͷȥˡ
ʵȷһ, һˡ
һʱ䶼ô˵Ҳʲô, ֻܱ˴˵ĿŶԷһ, ½½߳ȥ˼, Ҳ߳ȥЩ档
ܺáʢ˵ͷ, ʣµ, ʱ佻ǡ
һ, ̾һ˭ܹһ˭ǹˡ
µȫ𾪵̧ͷ, ƺȫûϵôͻᷢôһ˵Ĵ£ʱʢȴѾȥˣǰֿ˻һۣȻš
ԱЩΧΧǰΧסԱߵ˽Ҳ˳ȥ
ͻȻôһ֣ʵ˶ˣҪǴӡĿȻеһȽϺڰ֯ͻȻȷǵһΡ
ýһɱĻ֯ô󲿷˶һʱ뵽¥
ֻ˵һ£󲿷ֵˡ»ŵѹ̫ڳܲסʼѡһЩ˵
ڿʼ׼Իˡ
»ûΧվأתͷͻȻоһѵıӲ
ϣ
תͷһǰѵȻƽɵġ
ƽɵᣬڴ󲿷˶ûʲôʱԥľͳŻ°˵۵Ķ˷ܡ
²ƽɵ۾˲ͱˣ˷ܹͷ˵㡣
ʶˣƽôˡ
ˡɱ𣿻µ⳯Χ˿ֳ֮һĿⶼͶ
Ż΢еԵģƴһû취ɹõᡭǸ˾ĲŻȥˡ
룬ԼĿڴҲͳһѵ

֣ôô٣ýΧ˺һӾƵģ߶˶ˡ
ְţЩ˽춼ȥأ
ӺЩ⣬˱øžĬ⣬ƺҲûʲô鷢
һдŶһ߿ŴƮƲʡ
룬
ô컪ͷûлء
¸ƽѾ˴ʮˣһʱΧвҲʼɱţҲû۲һ¡
;ˣܿͱԱߵЩ˸קˣЩ;µˣҲܿͱקȥˡ
תۼ䣬ڳе˾֮
ҲûǸɱߺͱɱ߻»ʶ˱ǴһʼڲսţͻȻһ˷ˮһ˸ɱˡ
·̫죬ȺҲûʲô飬ȴҷӦʱǸɱ˵վԭشһᣬȵ̧ͷʱ۾ѾһƬѪ졣
¿˫۾;ï}ûţҲһ֪ΪʲôҪɱԱߵǸˡ¹Լʵûа취Ⱥ֮վȸɵԼԱߵˣԼʵǿ
ָֿɴֶΣʵûЩˣŵ۾Ҳ϶࿴һ㣬˴ʱ˿Ѿ˼˱ϡ
ҲЩ˼ڱϵĵǺûǻ
֪ű˽ǹͬһСǱ˴ֵģ֡Ͼ¡ǻ
ǲðķյġ
ʼնûжԱ˳֣һֱڷĳƽɡ
Ҳõһ¡
Ƕ֡

ʮͤĳСһߵ˵Ļһһӣȥ
ͬһһţ˾Ȼʧ˺óʱǡ
Ž˲˰˵ҲǳϤһϷ֮⡣
˵ǽ춼ȥأ
ǡȥһ鷳˰ɣС˵ǻ˲Ǻܿ𡭡ϴθֶûֵʲôá
˵ʲôأ˵ʲôءһмӡ
ʲôûֵʲôأƽֺ𣿡
ʮͤǿõСֵССĽֵѾ˺ܳʱˡ
˭Ҳ벻𽭺ĽӾȻСطûôĽȻΪһÿ춼ߵˡ
ˣǰȥˣͻȻǰȥţתӶû
ȥһ
ֻǼ򵥵˵һ䣬ûᡣȻ֪ģҲֻܱ죬ίίӡ
ˣ㲻˵Ҳܱ˵ַ˷鱨ͻȻ俴ʲô̧ͷŽ˺񿴼ӳҲ˴ˣ֪ȥʲôط
ԭŶػأһ仰ʱͻȻĬ
ô˽ӳƵĿŽʹǽ죬ҲϰԵĽнӳ񵱳ȫʱһ
ȻڽǿпѺȲţҲǰŵϢȥ
Ŀ㻪ӳʵ
ԡ
ǷԼ˵һ仰󣬽̾ͱѰ£޲õߣȴֻܴš
ʵ˵ǸʶʱҲˣǵһοӡ
Žʱ˿̴ϵٶߣȻӳ㡭ʲôʲôµĻòø˵һ˵ȻԴ̫ʹͺϣԲ˵ġ
һ仰Ժ󣬱Ҳû˵ЩʲôϾǿǽ
ǽĽȴЩһ̬
죬ͻȻ俪ڵ˵һ˺ò׻Ҫɣǳ׵ĸıԼ켣ȴͻȻֱҪܵĶ˱Ѷˣˡô
Ĭ
ĬһͻȻ̧ͷʣôȷǱѸأ
ΪֳĬһᣬȻʵ֮ǰ˾һ˿ˣԸȽ϶ɣԵʱûôѡ
ĻشֵͷĬ˰Ρ
ˣҲʲʲôƿһ룬ԹԵĺ˿ڲ裬㻹ͣŰɣٳȥһۡ
ߺţ˺ܾãֽһۡ
ǡӳ𣿡૵ĵ

ܸ

һֱԼʵһܹƽɾԼӮ, ȴһֱ򲻰ĵز
˶ŵʱߵ˽Ķ˳ˣ󣬳Ҳֻʣôˡ
³ΧһȦ, ȻʢΪʲô֮ǰ⿴һ, ΪʣЩϻûһܴĹġ
ϸĥһȦ, òһֱܴǸľǽ
ƽһ, »ҪûⱲӵЩµĻ²Ѿˡ
ƽɵҲ͵˶˶ѡһҡҡͷ׻ǰ·ҵ, ûнǸСĴ
Ļ, ƽɵڽ֧Ųӡ
ҲǣҪǻšĻô붼Ӧǽ, ԽͻȻйҪĳأ뵽
֪Σڳص, һ̨֮ϣСĽ̸, еһС˵
ˡһЦЦȴһĪļ, еľôһˣ
ԡº͵ĵ, һֱǹõѡ
Ļ, һǳĶ, һǸ, һǽ´ŵλС
ʱ˿, ˵ĻЩϡ
һֱ˵Ǹû½ŵˡ
Ǹˡһֱ۹⣬˵ô˻ôһϲ
Ҳ˵书Ǹ˼Ци顭ǲһӣ
һˡһ˵, ȻҲϣŵĴڸһֱ̫ߣҸʶʱܳž޴Ǳ
˰ɡǸЦӶǣܱ֤ڱɷ֮󲻻ʧ𣿡
ǵģܱ֤һº͵˵
˻ЦŲһ䣬ҡŵļ߻ħǸƿ𣿡
һ
ºƽֽһ֣ղһѵĻᣬûֱɱƽɣûôǷŹ
ʵĿʵĺӡǸ˸̾ϧˣûܻʱ򡭡
ûѾ֪ǵļƻ𣿡
һ֪ˡǸĵ˵Ͼɱ˽

¶¥ϵ̸ƺⳡӵĹ챾ͦصģȽϾͻС
ֻԼǸӦҲͬЩʲôҲ
˵ɱ˶ң˵ΪʲôѡأһᣬǸ˺Ȼʵ
Ҳ̫Աߵ˵ĵұĲԸҲǿء
ƽɶԻ¼ÿһжɱУڣ̲ס֡
ɴĽƽɵĵ߷˳ȥպôԱһҪֵϣȻֱӽƽɵ˫ַ˵ϡ
žžʱºȻм¥ϴ˹ʶĳǱ˹ȥͿһϤ
Ǹվ¥ݿڴޱĿͬв˶סʱΧЩŵǱۿɼĽƺǸ˱˿ǶôΣյһ¡
ȥɡǸ˷ûκκµ˼Ǹָһ»£
ȻָƽɣҲ¡
ǣ
߻ûôӦأֱӱקȥˣȥ֮ǰƽҲһãȻӣȫ֪ʲô
¥˺ĵ̺Ѭ㡣˽ȥȻͿϤ磬һ̣ļǶŶ
ȥ˾Ȼյһˣ
Ȼһֱ֪˵ݱӦƣ˵Ǹǿͬʱһ𣬾Ȼ˵ĻС
ǰ񣬹ûȥǸˣװԼͷһμ
£˰º
ǰ£˵£ʶһλˡ
⻰°ĿͶǸϣߡһͷŤ˹ȥһӡ
ϣ˼ˣүʲô籾
ҲװŤͷûдλ˳ۡĴˡЦŵ㲻Ҫ⸱Ƣʵʲôġ
ܶһʲôǸ˺Ȼ廰˵ףһﵱǾԲͬġ
ͬ⡭ͲֱȥͷˡĬĬ²ۡ
㿴ˣλϷͽһʵУǰѶԻµ쾡£ñ˿¸һϵ
ȻˣǻҲݵһ㡣
ˣ£һ㡣Ȼ䣬˵Ϊʲôѡأ
̧ͷһ㶡
Һܺ棬ΪԸұΪ㲻ԹʲôġЦ˵ԡܸô𣿡
ôġûͷһֱԼǹ嶤£ᵹͻȻסˡ
һĽͣôµȷЩΥԼһֱǰֳӣϹ˵Ļֺױ˷֡
λǰ
²̧ͷպÿǸҲڿıһֱǿбŵģ˾úΣգѹܹʵһϷζ۹⿴
ڲǸ˵ĵϣѾ¶ԼȤζһˣ»ֱӴЦ
˹Ҳڵſء
ᵹҲûôϾ˸ȡֵʱҲУÿζԻҪһ»£ʵԼҲش΢еµڶŵ
ʱ˿̣˵ĴҪǲáǸˡ⣬ܵ˻¡
һȻ̾һΪһˡ
㡭˭Ǹ˿Ҳûϵ¾Ȼ˵Ļһʱסˡ
һˣȻۿôһ¡ĵҲǸӡ
ҲԼ׿ҿһӶưոݵġ
֮ͳĬµֳûǸ˽ӴϣͿȻЦŶԻһüë
ǣ˵ĶȤζתͷĵ룬һ죬ΪȤζԼ
˳ĬʱѾ㹻ˣԱߵʼڲʲôڹã̾һ
˻Ȱ£뿪һ㡣
ܸ

Ӱط

±鼫ĳš
֪Ϊ, ͻȻԼرĶԲһˣξͺСİĳ˴¥һȥȻ˿ʯͷһ
ƽҲͬ, νϷҪȫ, Ǹ˼Ȼϻ£Ǿ͵һܿϵˡ
ڻ¡ֱӱ˴ȥ, ߵʱ򻹱ʢһ, Ǳ鼸͸һ
±˸ˣһʼûӦΪʲôҪߣȵ˵ط׹ԭΪû衱ҪƷ衣
Ȼһ, Ǹ˾һЦݵĽſ, ̾˹
ҲζЦһ, , ԭҲѾˣ
˵ô𡣡ǸЦſµ, ͶҾǴ㡭Ҳͬ𣿡
µüͷ΢һ, ˿˵е
ǸЦĿºȻ˵, һСˡҲûʲô˻֪ɣ
˵ı΢ЩӲ, Żµ, αأɱңͷñ˷ʲô˿ǻġ
Ҳǡ
ĵ˸˵һĻ, ⼸ҪҪװӣҪʱʱװͷѵӣȻóһѵ
ֹסʣõʲô
ͿˣǸεЦʼ߻ħǼˣһʼʱ˶ģҪĳȥ̫ˣ
һֱؿͷ亹ˣգ»֣Լĸ첲һ

ڵ˻һˣȴһֱûˡҪ°ʱ򣬻ºȻ˻
ͷ㡭û°ɣЦųȥͻȻһ£Żµɫ㡭ɫɲ̫ð
𣿡룬ðɣ
ĲǻõӡһֱЩţûס˵ͷҪȻ㻹ȥɡ
ˡ̧ͷһɫˣҵøϽȥˡ
Щ£˻һ죬̫һֱɽϾȻȵһɫ԰׵˵Ļ¡
ƺһƽͻȻһµĽβ
ذٲõ·Ѿܺˣ־ǰȥҩĵ·ʱ˿ΧСҲѾˣֻʣ˻һˡ
ºܰأڴʱͻȻƺʲô
⶯̫ԣû¶ʼǲǹ֪ˣתһ룬Լڱе󣬺ƾԼǷֲˡ
˶ʵ˽Ⱑ˵
ļǰţװûз˵Ķ֪ƾԼոͣٵһ£¾Ѿ¶ˡ
Сһ˰վţϴһߣһ˵ͷ֪ʲô
˳Ĭ˺ܾãոǸǰĻ¡ǲֵ̫ܷģղŻ¸ķӦȴĿеĺܲһ
ر𾯾ĳΧ۲һۣȻµתͷţʵѾˣոջµѾĬĬĳԼ˹ȥ
ոԼŵǸ˵µɫҰܵЩˣһŰֽһɫҲûɫʺ٣뵽˿
סһ
һ뵽˿
ǰ˰Ҳû˸ҪһֱǻҲûжˡ
˵˵㣬սȴһҲû⸱޷ҲǷ̫Ѫˣ˶ڻָǿ˵ȷʵʲô
»ڲ˵ʱһȻһ̧ͷ
ˣȻѾԼˡ
»˸possķʽбڻĳؾ֮·ǽϡ
µһոȷʵûʲô˱ϴθʱȷʵ˲٣ȻҲųΪ˸ԵĹƳԭ
ϴһûٵߣһѩ׵·
֪һֱϲɫ·֪ΪΣɫ·ȴ֮ǰһȫͬʡ
ǰ·ʱһֹʣƮƮ۱Ը񵽵׸Ӳ˶ԶûʲôϺȵĵط
ڵɴһɫ·ȴѾڸߵ档
ͻȻΪʲô˶ôˣΪһſȥܵȷʵ˲ٵʡ
ַ˰˲Ϯ˾ñЩ
վڻ¶ʱ򣬻ȷʵһ˲̾һ
ϱЦĹͬ־
ɱ˻֮һֱ磬ǻ¾öԷӦˡ
ȫܽ״гΪոµһ
뵽ܾԼڮ״Уûסһ
ԺŻ߿һۣ²֪λѴҹĹҪԣĴӦʮֵΣա
ϾϻӦǲʶ˵ģʱҲ󲿷жûй˵ϵġ
Ӧ㲻ʲôӪˣ˸ϵŲͷҲ뵽Բᷢʲô顣
ʸǡ̽˵
ɤҲЩɳƣЩӦԴʱ˿еգɤҲѾ
ĬһᣬȻӰͻȻһ
ǰһȻһɽֱֱĳϮһ˲ͺëֱ
ֹŵǳװģɱɲһ
ˡһ˽Ҳûãôô죿
ڵĳЩöҲ˲ͱȴǿнǰȥסԼҪǰĽúõһٵĳ嶯
Ĭ㣬סǻ£ǻ桭
Ĺƺǳĺȴܲǵ㵽ΪֹҲֻĸ첲һۣʲôû
ҲǳϬĸϷװ֧ӣʱʱ¶һЩСȴ֪Ҳ֮ǰ
ԽԸ񡭡ֲܷЩɵ㡣
һᣬȻӿٶȣװֲӣһӱ˫֡
㡭ҧгݵ˵˿£ȻȻЦŵ˵ٵǸ粻ɱˡԭİ
ȵȣ㡭¡𾪵ġͷ㣬ô֪£ʲôˣ
û˵ĴӺƽ
ĬĬ²һ£װģʱҲϲһУ֪ΪʲôΪȽɡ
ԹȻԻ·ͨ
ǰǸϲ𣿡
ʲô
ĻԺһʱǰ˵ĸ㣬ȴֺܿʶ˵ӦòǸ
˵Ǹӣװ˼һӣȻȻ̧ͷһ𾪵ĵ
ԣûòƺܿĵЦΪȻҵ֤ѣǿ»൱һκʱ䡣
ĪľýЩ΢Ϥֲ֪Ϥ
ϸһĥˡ
ⲻǵǻʱԽʱ˵𡭡

Զҩ

һʮֽŵЩĶ, ĪĽˡ
Լ΢΢ЩĲӣȥ棬ЦĪЩ졣
˵𡭡ͽֻ
治һѧϰرǿ, ѻľѧ˸飬ղŻ¶ΪԷǱ״иˡ
ǽֵ״лҪĻ, ǻ˵Ļˡ
һٲ, һһҹĹһװŪġ
±ΪԼʱӦü, ϾһͬһѾ, ǾӦжԶ߶Զ
Զ
һﲻˣôһ·װŪ

ĵŻ˰ٲãûһڣӦöѾ˯ˡ
ҲԼСӣ˲֪ʲôʱĴ󻨣Ȼ۾

ϱӽڶĹʲô²֪ߵġ
ݻͦ, Ͼ磬ټϹbuffһʱֱߡ
±Լһĵ͵̬ȣһԼţʹԼϤǰ
ǻεĵһ죬𴲿ʼ͸ܵŶֽӽѹֵĿ
ͷ˰һƽʱͦϤĲĴ˸к
¸һ, ͻȻһקס, һתͷǸϤĲͷ
ͷ, һˡǸЦ˵¸ϵЦһĸ˳ȥ
λĲ챻ͻôһ»ͦãȻģԼǲǲС˵ʲô
ȻɻһԼ飬ϾͻȻߣ»һЩɣֲԾĥˡ
ô˵ء
ÿҪĸʶʱᱻĴϡ
ߵҪȥһЩЩΣաʱ˵ͻȻܣȥ淭һЩȽصʱ¶ܸܵȺ˼ŵϢ
֮ݴһͻȻͱһΣƷ
֪˶Լķ
ͻȻ׽һըԸ񾿾ôγɵˣܹĸоԼȺ˲ûаһˡ
һ;ȷĹ߶ѡ
ָоȷ˱кĮǵһֱŵıù԰˳ҲǴСͳĻ¡
ºôһǽȫĳˣǸԱųȻЩʣô˵ҲӰ쵽Լ
ǹ˽Ȥζû˵ʱ͵͵ͷ˼ɱװ̲סҪߵӣЩŵһһ㶵ġ
ͦ˼ġ
һͷɱҪԼȺһһէʱͻȻһ˽ûһϵɱ
ⲻͦõʢ˻һۣЩĿԼһ˵Ϲ˵ʲô
¿һǸˣͺȻЦǽһֱһˡ
˵ôͻȻûӰˣԭȥСˡ
Ǹ˿ŻµЦɫɷףͺǿ˸˵ĹһתͷС˵ǰմˣġ
µġʢεĵôˣŵĲ죬ΧʲôѵЩ춼𣿡
Ǹ˿ʢÿ϶Щһ˵մˣǡһʲô¡
ҡʢһ֣ȥɡ
Щԥ˰ɢȥˣߵʱ˻ԥԥģգµıʣ֮һ
Բסˣ㡭ʢŻƺǳĬһ£Ȼʣû뵽Ǹ㡣
û¡
·ԼʢеӡϵĸߣϾýϱӿ϶ǲġ
ģʢ֮ĶԻ
ˣ£ͷȥɱˡ
аɡ
°ԴֵĻɸʢŻµɫû£ٹ죬ǿİתһĵطӦûʲôˡ
ûϡЦմ˲õġ
ʢƺǹ۲˻ºð죬ڷġ
ȻԥŴԼĻͳһССƿӵҩ
ƿǴ׵ģʲôװζûС
һƿӾЦã鷳մˡ
ӹǸССƿӣȻԥһ
ʢŻ½ӹƿӵʱЩӣƺ˵ʲôû˵ȿ°ƿҩһڸ˵ʱ͸Ӹˡ
ƿʲô
Сƿӣôô򵥵ľͷһԼĵ̴ţѵǲ
϶ǡ
ʵµ
һһŹƳСӣһһƿҩ
ⶾҩҪڷãͻᶾĲҲ̶õ֡
漸ûκηƹֵµķӣҲûУȻﻨԴͦݵģʵ֪ʱͦȺ񲡵ĸġ
죬Ʒһ鵽ϵζ
Ϥζ
ܾǰ¾˵ſܸ¥һȣһⶾҩһ֤ˣ䷽һģһġ
һˮڣȻְƿӽʢչʾһƿףʾԼȡ
ʢƿӽӹֺܸӡ
֪ʵѰ죬Ͼ֮ǰҲѣ֮˵ݾͱˣٲȻѾ˹˺Ϳߵݡ
˵䲻ģʢ첻ҩôͻͷ
¡
ٺõѣҲЩΰɡ
ȡʢһԥ˰컹εصʵ̫Ը͹ġ
û£մҲļеֵεˡЦŵ
㡭
ʢŻ£ͻȻһ䣬ķ
⻰ҲֻתһȦ˿ûи˵ڡ
¶ʢлͺԼһæ˿ƿһתͷȥˡ
ʱֵġ
ӦҲǡ׼ЩʲôÿվǰĻ¡
ҲǸɣûмˣûʲôڵԷһ۾ͿЩø־Żµǡ
Щ˼ӵǽĶŻ£ȴֲû뿪Լߡ
ΪһֱŻ£ûпλӣ֮˲
ι㿴Ⱥˣųˣĸ̾ҲѰɣȻҪһ
ֻ˵ŵگȻʱԲҲһ޴ս
һվǱ߷飬Ŵʱ˿̵Ļ£Īľ뵽ڻɽϵʱ
ĪľûھȻе㡭
ӳ˰㡣簡簡
Żһڻɽʱ·˶ųŵʱȻĪ˹ȥ



ʲôأ
ŵĴһ, Ǳߵܹ
Χ˵һ˲䣬ͶԼͬĿ
һǲ˴ģȻôԭ֮һȺӦö֪, ԲŸ
Ǳߵ󶼲ԼͬĿ˹Ҳոջûü뿪ʢ, ǿȫ΢΢һ£û뵽Ȼ⡣
ûôעǵı飬һᶼһӣߵ˻µǰ, һӵ, , ҳȥ䡣
ȵȣڡʢһ, ҪŷȴҲ֪˵Щʲô
Ұ۾һɣǳڻɽʱָо, ҽ鲻ãקȥ䣬Ƕ졣
˵ֱקŻ³ȥˣӰ硭
±ʱ黹΢Щ΢
Ҳ߸, ľٶͦϵģƺҪΧ
ȵ뿪Ժ, ²Ĺ۲˷һ¡
ڰŵһ˲䣬ϵϵΨҶıʧˡ
˿£Ȼװſ˻µ֣Żµ, Ҵˣû¾Ȼȥɡ
ֻҴѡµص
ոշʱȷ˵ųȥ䣬Ҫ˵Сʵе̫ۣѻ´˼ֵʵ̫ˣڱǳ˵ġ
ͻȻֲҳȥˣ𣿡תͷӲĵ
˵ŻأͻȻע⵽˻еǸСƿӣĶŻһ°ʣ㣬õĶʲô
ҩ˳߿Լеƿӣص
öҩʲôı˲ͱ÷ǳ΢Ҫ˭¶
Լȵġüͷһ˵ԼǰɱݸԷ˺صӰֵôУΪ÷ܵȵľţһ£ŸҵԶҩ
»ûڷǰһԵ˵ô໰ΨһһξȻǽô¶ġ
˵Ժ󣬾ͷַü临ӣٺһЦ˵аǸôĵط˰ɡ
֮ܳʱ䶼û֨Ҳû˵ʲôֻһ˰վš
˻ᣬΪѾˣתͷһֻۣ»վ
ѽץץԼͷô⣿
վҲû˵ֻǾؿ
Ż°춼˵ӣֻһˣˣȥ߰ɡ
¸ʱͻȻƺʲôˣ̽ͷһոջڵҵЩ˲֪ʲôʱֹ˺üǱ߰ؿǡ
ʲô۾һɣ
ǱߵļȻ԰ѻµˣԲݱķǲòȫ˳ȥ
±ȥʱ򣬺Ȼ÷ǳ΢
˵ΪԼŵӦûǳѰˣû뵽ȻͻȻһݻˡ
ôһ˵ôⰡ

ˣ֪ϳһ𣿡
йµĸǸ˻㱨Լ״ʱͻȻǸʵ
棿һʣ֡Щ졣
ȷ졣ǸЦɱ˵ǸҲͲһֶѡ
Ҳһߣ˵ǸϹӣľ鱨ǻ޴֪
Ҫɱ𣿡ʡ
ʱҪǸ˵ֵµϵһҸо˵ҲΪǶԸһ֮һء
󣬱ϻûʲôٶĵǰʱǴϮɹ𣿡
ûС
һ˵Ǹ˱ͱ滹ˢӵİȻǰǵ˵ľٶҵļƻˡ
ǰ죬ϣǸгֱӡ¶˻һͽǸ˵»㱨ԺǶǸ޴вҪճ
һԸµľȥˣڻһۻϳɹ˳ߣҪɱû뵽Ȼǰʶƣֱӷûл
ĺ֡Ǹ˶ԻµұΪҪɱ˳ģҲֻǰһѣΪʲôֹң
šǸƢȷʵŹ֣ռǿҪĳ˵һɱñ˶֡˻ᣬ̧ͷ˵
棬һԼӵУΧûһˡ
Ȼ鴦ıȽϼʱվЩˣʱﾲ
۾ֻһ˵ĺȻһᣬͻȻ۾ǽǡ
ﲻ֪ʲôʱһˡ
Ǹ˵һʮº͵
ֻǿһۣı۾
»ĴĽ˳ĳЦʶҡ
һҾǰ˭ءԭ㡣۾Ż£뵽ġ
㵹ҲȻҪ֡µصֻ̫ˣϣѰ
˵ֻ±۾´ǰȥʣԸҡΪʲôһֱڻû뿪𣿡
ΪʲôҪ뿪üͷһ壬ҴСﳤģҵļҡ
ڻӹܡĴͿˡĴ£ȴһѵҲӦ֪ȥĻŹģ𣿡
ЦЦЦ֮ȴ˵Ҳֻ
еˡ´սϴŵǴȻĺ棬ֻº͵˵ֻȴֻһëȻĸо⵽Ϊʲôأ
㲻ǣ㲻ᶮġҲֻ˵ôһ䡣
ΪСڻ֪жôļѣȻĿ˻ôһɢһߵĵλζġ𣿡һζ˵
ųյ˫ۣǲͣŵƤһֱû̫޴ˣ޴ļֱЦĴˣҲֻеĿ档
ҪɱҪ㡣ҧֻˣǻˣҲһұġ
ҴûкڹľЦŵأûкڣ
ûУ
ûкڣ
Ҳûκκڵ£
Ǻá¸߸ߵľ˵һӱ
Ǿ±Ӽˣ

͡
˺ܳܳʱ䡣
ȽŵŲŴ򿪡
ȵȣˣһ¿Ӻæڵ廹߶Ҫ˷Ļ
޷ıƽֳȡ
ŲԶԼһҪµֺһ¡
˹ʣ֪ʲô
ͷƺǳĬ˺ü룬Ҳ֪ʲô
ˣǸԥʡ
˺ܳܳʱ䣬Ȼһ̧ͷǸ˵
㡭˵ڣȥͶţô

һҶ

ԡվȻ𣿡ϴŹЦݿŹڵϵĳ, ֻĵӻͦ󰡡Ȼҡ
ʵڲڻµǰ治ɫĵټڻȥ, һѡ֡ȻʣǾݹҲˡ
ڻߵļСĿЩ˶Ǹ˵£ղǻ, ˾ͺȻͶˡ
⾿ô£
¿ų, ϴµЦ, ˵ǴֻҲܾܲܰ£һˡ
һͶ֪˵˭ˣһСĶԻµ, λ˿һ
û
ϡ档Ǹ˻µĻЦ˵, ұҪҪɼɱ, û뵽ȻԼˡҲ, Ĵ, ῴɱ⡣
˼ǣ
ȻҪ, ǾǸЦŵ, 

ǵʲô֪Ǹ˽ļ춼ǳĿ, ʲôһ
Ϊǻ´, ԸµĹϵҲܽҲһһЩ֮ġ
˽Ǹ˵ټȥ, ֵµ˷Ҫ, Ҳ֪ȥ¶ĵĻж١
Ǹô˵ʱ򣬻¾վһԾ, ûзκεĹ۵㡣
ûֱӹǸߣֻ˻ڻ䵱һǸռһ鱨
¿ųӣͺȻϱ״ʱ˵䲻ģϱŹʱն¥Լ˸ţһѺ޲¥Ͻɱġ
룬Ⱥϴš̫롱ҲδزĶӣв綼ѾҺ·
һν˻֣Ȼպþ͸ײ˸棬Ա֪һγҪûɱ櫺ͻµ飬ֻܻ˳ģʱ˿·꣬ͦ˵ߵġ
Цſ£ֻôôƤЦⲻЦ˽ôô磿˿½졭û취ˡ
û¡ҲͬЦ˵Ҳֻй¹һѡ
˵һ仰֮ͲҲûκν·˭Ҳ˭һ

ľƷӿһ˵Ҳܲķӿġ
㡭ͻƽ
Īľͳ˺ѣ˭Ҳ֪ƽôģһΣ󲿷ੲݵ˵ƽһ
˵һ;ԴۡҲͲٲ֮κζԻ֮ˡ
ԸĲʹԻ±ȽϹҲҪô˵һҲֻϲҫһԼȤĶȤĶĪǾմ̼óˡ
ʱƽˡҹдй£ǰģġ
ƽ°;ȵĵԭǼ¾ǻɵİ
ǲǺ˷ܵĵֻǸԸƽʵ̫ˣҴû˵ǰڽ顣
šҵ֪һ㣬ǰһͷ֪ΪʲôͻȻˡƽ°͵
벻ȥһͷǰȥһطƽ˵˵ͻȻ˷ЦŶҴȥ
ΪƽôһѪĻ²ĳˣƽȥĵطҲǱ𴦣˵һμʱǸ͵ꡣ
ɻ½и񣬾Ͳൽߡ
׹ۡ
½Ļ̫񣬾һͨͨ·Ҫ¥ˡ
鲻ҪģκǱҲҵԻҲòˡ
Ժ˵һֵ飬Ǿи񿴼׹ۡ
׹ۣ̫ܰɡµһ¥ӦòԵ޹ʵ
Ȼô˵ʵҪԭûдǸ˵׹ۻߡ
¥ϾǸ˵֮¾׹ĻӦòʲô֪
ֻߡ׹Լģ
µ˼Ժת˺üȦû˵ʲôǰĲ豭һڲ衣
ˡƽڽţͻȻʲôҲǽˣ㴳ʱûϹʲô鰡
顭ƽĬһ˼Ȼ˵ǽˣûôԺ񡭡ҲûʲôرȤ顣
ɡûµģ϶̫ǫ飬ǽϻƼҵĴС㰡ôܻһȤ鶼ûأ
ƽγĬ˺óóʱ䣬һֱͷ֪Щʲô
һֱΪƽʲô˵Ƕ豭˿ڲʱ򣬻ƽͻȻ̧ͷ˵硣
ۡ㵱һڲˮȥˡ
˰죬ԼߵĲˮ۾˵Щʲôʱ򣬾ͻȻԱ˾Сģ
ͬʱŴ⿴ȥֻһ˺ȻӴⷭ˳ȥȻֱץס˽ϵһˣегʣǸ˵ء
˲һļ
ƽҲͻıʸˣ׷֪ô졣
Ҳ¥ض¥µǸˣɱһ֮ƺͷ߿һۣôһۣ¾ȷǸ˵ȷ׹ۡ
ֻڵ׹۸ӡ׹Щ̫һ
ӡ׹ۺôЩģ·һ˿ûˡ
µΨһӡ󣬾һ
ߡһûκеı
ˡ
̾˿Աߵĵ˵ľҲӴȥ
һ¡קסƽһȫĵطСĶ˵ú£һֱڱҡ
ƽ仰ȷʵһΪȷһֱҲûзʲôڸš
Ļ󣬻ƽԽȷ˵һˡ
ǾǸ𣿡ƽץסֿٵ˵
ѵҡҡͷ
ƽˣҲֻ̾˿شҲ֮С
³ûдκοԱԼݵĶ˶ûͳǵߵ׹ǰһ̣׹۾ض
˻һᣬĵ磿
µĵңþò
¥ϵЩŵǿ棬ŵĲС
Ȼᡭ׹۽ôͻȻ֪𣿡ŸżĻΧ

ᡭǰõʲôϢ˸˵Ҫɣ
仰һڳвٶһңֻǾĿ棬ޱ顣
вһζ
ô죿ͷôܸ׹۱أһƽ𣿡һһֱ¹ϵͦõĲͷص
ýšʱ˿һһס֣ţڳ˵ȣҲûʲôİ취
ǻͷ
㲻ΪͷʵƢһɣǸ˺ȻЦ˵
˵ġʲô˼Ǹ΢ЩãȻ˵
ͬʱϴ˱ײ
Ǹ¹ϵܺõĲ̽ͷŴ⿴һۣȻȻɵ

˳˺

еĵȻ, Ҳ㹻
׹۵ʱͷһûΪԼŵ˶΢֣óԼȫ
֪µȫʲôӣʹǻˡ
ǽһǵر

µĵӴ׹۵Ƥʱ, ׹͵صɴ۾, Ȼʶ赲һ¡
Ȼǵ赲ڻ˵, Ҳͽ޹
ԭвٶڿֵģϾ֪ΪŵĹ, ʵ, ô˵ӦҲ̫ңȴǸǡûʲô
Ե³һ˭˲𾪵Χ˴ߡ
, 㿴ոպȥһˣͻȻʲô, קŻƽƽʱ˿Ҳ濴һۣȻȻ˾ͽסˡ
ͷŵûס˺˳Ȼ˸һ۵˻ȥ
졭ûд˹ȥɣԱ૵ص
ҼǵӦûа
¸ղ滹ڸŵЩһε, ʹڶġ, Ҳûаʲôӣһ
в˶ϢòǺֻԼõһЩǼ˸ûʲôĻԺ, ΪϹء
ʱ˿̵Ļ, ոҲֻոոӶѡ
ȴѾȫһ˶ϵӡ
ͷոǸ滪µĵĲ૵ھ֪ľǻ£ۿŻȥ, Ĳˡ
ע⵽Χ˵߶ڻµϣʱ˿ֱ̣һ۹һȻȻľΧ˵ߡ
û¶ڳô˾ͽֻĿͶϡ
ߡ
µʮֵ䣬׹۵ʲô
׹Ҳû뵽ԼȻɱĻᶼûУ׾ٵıƷˣϽ˽۾ĺɫøһЩ
һ֪Ҳ̫ѡǸҲ֪Ź׹ۡ
ǲ֪׹ⱲӹôˣȻظ·Ҳ֪Ĳôƽ˳졣
㡣׹ۿŻ¹˻ᣬȻͷĵþˡ
üë
׹ͦһ仰˵ĻеС
ֻͻȻôһ䣬ûЩ׽͸
׹۵㡭ʲô
˵һ仰׹۵־ȻڶСȿʼı󣬵Ȼɸһ
Ȼ˻µעʶĵȵȣ֡ôˣ
£ţ
ɣô˵ҲǸɱˡΪС𡭡
ŵʱ򣬾Ϳ׹ۻ̧ͷ
˫۾¶ϵһ˲䣬µͿһһּ䲻ĸо
Ϊ׹ڵıȷǽţҲǺ¡
ȫȻ˷ܣŻµһƥһ
¼˲͸оԼϵ˵㡣۾˲ɴ󣬱˲ô£ĺܡ
׹׼ԸԼˣҲҪĵӳˡ
֣
µ׹ۣ˵ǸҲû˵׹ôһӰôѡˣ
ҪǴȥ׹۾Ȼµֵ£û
¿׹۴һ°ԼĲһҲҪһļƣʶľͷһϵ׹۾ͳᣬɹĴӻµֵ˳
֮书Ƚϸ߳ô˵Ҳڰİϣټϸոһӷ̫죬һʱûܿ巢ʲôܹҲֻŵļˡ
СİƽͻȻƿ溰һɤӣŵæ˻С𺰣һǺʲôʶ𣿡
ƽתͷһۣ죬û˵ʲôض档
üͷ׹ۣ˵ٶȺȸոֿһ֣˵Ҳ֣һ˿˿ıڸղǼӷġ
Իµľ飬ȻȻܹոһСͻƣֻͻƵʱҲ̫ˣպþڻ¸⼸ڡ
ٿһ׹۵۾˫۾ĶǶִţԷﲻһѵĻô»ܿĵġ
ιѵ㡣¾ܿԴһ㶼׹ԣеķʽˣЩš
Ÿ׹۲ʱСڶԷĶߵ侲Ҳﻵ˴˵°ɣ
׹仰ԺǶһ¡
µǿ΢
Ȼûϼ룬Ϳ׹۵۾ֿ˹
˫۾⣬ɱֻʣһŨŨƫִ
ˡȻҲ֪λˡ׹˵µüͷһ壬ַһ˵Ĳ֮⡣
Ȼ
׹һ˶̸λˣÿ˶֪Ĵڣֻҡһֱڡ
׹۵Ļ;òԼڶԷܴ̼״µĸоȻ׹͵̧ͷֻҪɱ˵Ļûʲô仯İɣһҲͶصԭĵط
˵ţ¾ֵķٶȾȻøһ֡
˲֪ΪʲôղٶȻͻȻˣΪȽϼ˵£ȷʵǺ׳
ο״У״оͷǳƣԽԽǿԽǿԽ裬ӾôһȺ塣
ۼٳȥˣȥĥʯˣͲϵļ
һλûõֱ֡
һס׹۵Ĳӣְأ
Ȼһأֱж첲׹۵ıŤһ£Ҫʹȴһס졣
׹۵ĺ棬յĶС˵ꡭ
ԭոջΪº׹֮ľƱ任õǣתȻ³ɹĽԷȫƷԼͬ˿̶˻
¿׹ۣЩ顣ôһ¥֮Ҳ֪⸽û¥ˡ
һ¥֮õڲһ㣬첲жˣѨ£ֻʵʵĸĶ߶ӣҲδЩ̫ˡ
Աߵв˶Ϊ»ʹҲ˭ܹƷһɱ˵ķӣǻǺ˷ܵġڴʱƽͻȻһӴӴ뿪ֱ˳¥ȥ
ȵȣҪȥģԭҲ¥ϸŴһ˷ܣ˵ǸʵͰͻȻƽ׷ȥһãȻĵҪȥ
ƽʲôҲ˵ֱ׷˽ϣԶԶĿǱߣţι
㱻һ
˵ƽܴ󣬵ʱ˿ΧһƬ˷ܵǣһ׾û˵Ļ
Ҳ֪ǲԼĴ
ԼĿǱվȺƺ߿һۡ
ԶԶģ˷ֲĿ˹ǽһ⡣
ոüͷʱǸ˺ȻǸƷһ뿪˵ľ׷Ѱз˸߸ߵݶ
ƽСߵ˻ƽߣڶСʣôˣ㿴˭˰



°׹, ûҾֱôӸţֻܴԶĵطߡ
;׹˼ΣÿһΣ¾ְֻܰԽ, ȵ˵ط¿׹ǱյıεֶЩ˼ˡ
͵͵ܹʲôҲû, ¾͸ɴͷ׹ۡ
СһʼػµĻ, ûӲ°ͰͷŤ˹
Ȼˣ㡣۾׹۵, ˵ǾǶֻ֪һˣʲô˼
׹̧ͷŻ, Ҳɡ
˻, ׹۵Ҳû뵽, ¥ȥԺ, Ȼܵ˱˵ֵȥС䡣
Ҳû뵽¥˶ǱӶ԰ɣµȻڿˡ˵仰󣬾Ϳ׹۵ıŤһ¡
˽⵽Լ, Щ룬⵹ùӿҲĵ֪һЩԻٻ۵顣
׹ҲѾǿˣϾ״ϱֱҲûֲǡ
, һܺ档µͷ׹, ôֵأ
׹ɰյģƺ´Ҳ˵, û¿һЩߡ
㲻ᡭԼ͵İɣºȻյĶʣȻôʱ䡭ôûһ¥أ
׹ţ˻µĻ, ͣһ£ȴ
ȵȡ°ס׹۵Ҷж
ϸΧȷˡʱ˿׹۵ܷ򣬻ôϵģǸ˵⣬ûбˡ
㲻ɺͶҲ˰ɣС׹۵ĶʵԻ·ҲĪģڱݵ¥ΪʲôҪ֣
仰ҲǾ򵥵²۶ѣ˭֪˵仰󣬸ոջֵӰһ׹ۺȻŭ˿ڡ
ΪΪֻɱ㣡׹ۿŻ˵ɱ㣬Ǹ˲Ż㣬¥ҲͲֻܳ׵׵ΪһûκôĹߡ
±ôͻһʵŪһ¡
һʼ˵׹ʱʵЩЦ˵Ŀǰݲлʲôûɣڶ仰ʱͳĬˡ
¥ⱲӵԶԶϱڵʱ򣬱Ͼϱڵʱ¥ƵǽһڽֱԺߡⱲӵ¥˵ҲСվûǸ̶ȡ
׹¥ϱӵԵر𡣻±û˵ֻ˵¥ְͦġ
ڶ¥ô˶׹ۺְܳĻԿɼ׹ĺְܳ
ڣôһְ¥ȻԼѪػĵطпֻǱеӣ˵ԭΪ¥ͽȻ˵УλҪ߳һأ̬Ȼ˵Ҳ⡣
ôһ뻹׹ͦģҵ˻±ˣҲû˵ҪɱǸһѪʲôģĵһ¾Ȼ¥¡á
˵ﻰ¾״жһôְϾ״еڷŷң¥ôܵġ
ιǱ˹ˡСĴյ׹۵ĶߵһĻ˵ԼЩͷܹңԲųģһ仰Ҫ˵Ļġ
׹ۺȻµĻڻµֵš
¶׹ʵЩûˣ۳Ⱥ˾Ϳˣ׹۾ͺСһ˵ʲôֻʣ·һ˼·
ϸ룬Ҳ˵׹۵һξ֮вŻĳԡϾҲܻ벻Լִ򲻹硣
ڣ뵽һ仰ִյ׹۵ĶߣС˵ǵǲҪֻлţлܹɱҡ
׹仰ĶĪС
ҵɱҡ׹۵Ķ˵һ仰ѾǸ˵¸˹̧ͷʲôûзһĿȺˡ
ôȺ˹֮ĵһ仰͵˿˿ڵϵ׹˵ǡȿȣôܵôԶոշʲô
ãȻҡҡͷһֱɱңҲûҪˣ׹𣿡
Щ˵ͷڵϵˣæҡͷʶʶЩ˿ˣ˾ֻǳеѣ׹ôԵ޹ʵܵء
˵ʱ׹һֱͷſڵϣҲ֪ЩʲôҲûոŻ
ˡȽǰɡЩЦŶԻµ˶ѾˣҲûʲôܵĿܣҲЩЪϢ
µİ׹۽ЩˣȻ׹ǰı顣
һ˫ر䵭۾ʱ˿΢˼ѣǵֵסŨŨɱ
¿׹ۣ˳˻֡
һˡ
̾˿ԼҲͦģҪɵһѣֶһȴԼƹġ
һ뵽պ׷ɱ˵ͻλ¥Ӱ¾Щͷۡ
׻˵ˣʭӶ˲ҧ
ʱ·˳Ǳ߻ȥʱ˿̻ƽ㻹š
ǡƽոտʲô˰㱻ƽƸ΢ŵˣҪǻƽڿʱҪͳĴ󵶿˵ӡ
üһƽһһջ棬Ȼͳһ̧ͷ
ͷʲôʱʱջĳ̾ʱǺȻ¥¾Ȼŭ
ȵȡô£иüˡ߸
ԱߵЦ˵һ䣬ǳİɣ
仰ǴЦȻǾؿŻƽ˶¥ʼһͷһͷţ˭һҪʸס
ιιȻᣬС￴߲ưһüͷ˵ʱӵСһˡ
³һˣЦŵڴ飬ҾһȻɡôߵʱûгʲô°ɣ
˶Ϊ仰ĬȻ˲Լͬȫ
ɱǸЦ̹Ȼİ˿΢Цһӵ˶˰ԺϵЦݾĽӲˣС˵ôˣ
ͷصҲ̫и˸²䣬ͻȻţأƺŨŨŭ
ѽ˸˵ˣ˲һƬ˶Իµ죬ͷͷϽ·
ڻŸոڽʱ·һãȻĿ˵ôˡ˭ǡ
˷һֱûˣŵԽԽˣ»ûüӦˣͻȻһѵ
ľ˨ȻӲŵ˸Ķˡ
ŻĴ򿪣ĿɿڴĿԱߵĻƽƽһֻƻӡϣŶһ顣
˫۾ݺݵɨһ顣
һȺ𾪵Ŀ⣬û뿴Ǹ˵Ӱ

Ժ

ƽջҵ˻¡
Ҳûס, ҪǴҶұֳ书ӣһȺ书˼һʲôڸոսϷôµ£Ϊʲôһ
һƽڵɱ, Ҷô, ƽһ, һ书Ĺ, Ҷò׼׸ʲôϵ
Ҫһ㡭ǴҶ˻ƽվŵ㡣
ȵƽڰѻ´Ǹӵĺ澾ʱ, ԱߵȻŴ죬ƽҲĿɿڴͷ
ԣҡ´ʱϵ·ȻѾˣøոնӺʱ任ġ
ȵȡĿɿڴ˹, ôᡭ
ƽŵ˾Ȼǻº, һǵͨ, æԻµǸ, ԣԲû뵽Ȼ㡭̫Բˡ
վŻƽһ, ۾λεдšһˡĻ
һû£ʲô
˵ġƽҲǼ˻Ժʶŵڰʲô, ϶ûƽ֪滪һ¡
תͷһȻƽһ˹վš
ȻͿƽȻһĬĬĿˡ
ȣȻᡭ㵱ʱɵˡ
ɵ˼֮󺰵㣬ô£ʲôί͸˵Ҳñ۸ģԲᣡ
Ҳһ£ҪǻƽͻȻһĬĿ˵ȷЩˡ
û¡ƽĬĬĲ˲ԼϵᣬȻǿЦҾǡҴ˶ѡ
ô˵һҲûµӡ
ƽһ˵ûһŬĳЦԽԽµӣæҵİοƽվһЩãȻ
ԱߵǼŵҲЩ£ҪǴұΪһҪأƽôһޣվһӱˡ
㡭Ҫ˭ԱߵһӷǳƵŮͷ˵ż˵˵Ҳ԰ҵġ
ԡԱߵһҲϽ˵ͷİɣֵġ
ǵȻˡʵڲоȥֱӵ
һ߿ԱߵĲͷǣһĬĬ²ţҲûƽΪʲôޣ˵ѵʲôĵˣǸ·ˣ
ûû£ҵǸˡƽԼ۾ǸոǸˣһ·ȥǸǿȥ𣿡
涸Ȼ˳ĬոʻǸŮͷʼĳŻƮ
˭¼ΪԼˣһŵ
ǡǸ·ˣҾʶһˡƽص˵
￩һ⿴в۾ѾƮˡ
ȡһ˵ӦòߣǳķӦûûɡ
ȻǴջȥģǾ˵ƽֵ˵ȥʱ⣬жأҪϱ·뿪أ
Խͷϵ亹Խ࣬˵µ׼Ҫµô׼
ղǸ˵ŮͷЦ˵ôȷϸղǸ˾ҪҵأҸղҲһۣǸ˴رʵӦÿݰ
Ҿϳƽᶨĵ
һҲһ۾ܹϳΪǲָоġ
ӣԼܲ³ƽôŭҪ˭ˣֻװͿǸҲǱ˰ϵô࣬ôһ޶ˣңҸղǸ˲ͷβģһ㶼ͷβ
ƽʱں˵˵ĻһδЩˣԲľ˵ĶһЩ
ƽü¡
Ϊ¿ʼһһĸƽһˣ֮ͥ¾ȻȥˣУ¶ʲô𣿡
ƽʱ˵ôֱ׳ʱ˿ղŽϵǸʱǽһ˳һо״
ƽʱ˿̿ŻµѾȾһ˿ơ
һʼŻƽʱ˿ΪȰסƽҪȥһһˣţŻµҲ΢
Ի¶˽⣬Լߵߣ͸ȭͷͷ
ҸղǸһͲ򵥣Ҫһһȥңױ˶ϵģʱܶ¶ˡɫĸƽ͵

ˣȻûУȥĵطҾˡƽµĻԼ۾תҪš
ԥһᣬǸ˻ƽǰ˻һۣ۾ĶǰʾؼңǵóԶٺõģҾȥҽ㡭
ҧгݵӣ¾áԶٺõġĸֱּǰʾһˡ
ȵȡոǸƵŮͷͻȻȱߣٵһ¡
Աߵ˿ŻҲһҲ̶õӣиŽһѰҡҡ׹ŸˣصأЩεĶԻƽЦ˵ƽʱģƽʱԸɺõһˣǸղеţԲŻ˵ûжġ
Եģģ£ɵƵվšһ˶ǱվŵĻº
һңҶڼֹƽţƽҪţҲЩͷΧЩ˵ÿ˭Ҳҳȥģǳ͢Ҳûַɰɣ
ΧЩЦõģ˵Ǿǳ͢ˣ⻰Բûƽ
ڻƽ΢΢ʹƺ׼ŸӲҿʱһ˺ȻӺһקס֣Ҳ֪ץסǸѨλǡþϾۼһ˲ʧˡ
ȥ
ƽ͵ͣŵ֡
ȥˣ㡣
ƽ͵תͷȥӳֻлµüۡ
ͷͷë׵ģҲһ
ץŻƽϵѨȷӦʱûԺ󣬾ͷſ֡
ͻȻ̧ͷһررϵЦ˵ҪȥҸһȥðɣô˵ǰҲǿھֵģӦܻİȫõġ
ԭҲѾ׼µĺùһǿˣȻֻƽҲͻȻ֪ôˡ
ƽסʱֺܳܿͻع۾ͻȻɿգ˼£ȻȻƹͷ
˻ᣬӲ˵òȥңˡģԼһȥҾˡ

ɱ

µҲûܸŻƽһȥ, ƽžһˣʣ˻һԭء
ŵ˹׷װѻΧס²˼, ָŵ, °ɣ
ġԱߵһͷشΪոտ׷˳ȥ, ںǡ
Ǿͺá·Ƶһ
˵㰡ԱߵһͷŻƺ˵ЩʲôãȻ̧ͷ
ˣҲ˵סǸͷ˰֣Űɡ
µ˶ȥԺ, ų˿
һ¸ոջƽı, ֪Щ£Լȷûб¶һݣôȻܱ˸ء

ʼһϵжһϵж¶ĺܣʵҪѡʱ, ¾;һ첻Զˡ
ϱѡΪǸܵѹ, ôⱲҲͬǸܵ˻ѹ, ԲŻ־ġ
³ΪһԺ, ʽʼԻ, ֵĵһǴ϶Իʼʩѹ
ʱ˿̲˽˵У飬ֻŻԼʵԶûа취ʲôǿƵģܹĿֲƵģԶֻг͢ˡ
Ҳϱӵһز˵С֯, ״̬˵оһ»ǻ£Ҷڻ˺ܳʱ˵ָоԭеһ򵥵СͻȻͳ˲һ
Ϊʱ仹кܶ࣬һ쵽ʱŻ⧲
ͺҲǺΪʲôͻȻʹոռʱǸСɰܲͷֱ׷ƽʱԹġŮġ
´Լ̫ʺӣϾ޺һֱĹֵֹģÿԺúȺã񡭡Ҳ
磬Сĵ㡣˵ߺΣ𡣡
Ŷһ֮ŷӦ˹ЩӦ
԰ǸлģҲ̫˰ɡ˹֮Ҳͷǰôû˵ô˵һ˾һƬ
仰һӻعͷ˿ڲ裬װûʲôȤһ
Ҳû˵𣿡߹˵ǻڡϵģû˵˵ֵĻеˣҪ˵Ǿͻˡ
˵вͶ·˵һʱ䶼ȥ۾˵Щ˵Ψһϣ
ԡҲͳ˵в˶ֲˣЩˡ
ܾһǡЦһµ˶ǣԶһˡ
һԺȲ裬һҲûм۵˼ƺҪȵˮж
ʱ˿̶˳ѽжôûʲôϵԷԷ
˲һָĪܽͨҽΧ¶Լǰķͷԡ
ǳԵĽӡ
ϵķŸСҽȫ޹أϾһһôɥĲҲһСֶҽ֡
һ߳Խӣһ룬ⶫڴԽǰʵǲϲҲģϾˣȥ¥СʮǮٶġ
ǵ˹ŴҲͬˣʼʵΪǸʥʳϾһεȷǷǳʱ䡣
һ߳ŷһϹ졣һһ˵Ǹոģ¡㾭ţһʲôͲˡ˵Щ˾һЩ书߳ɽǵ֯
û¡صʵ
˵ǸֵһˣԱҲͻȻ廰ǸַǳԸҲرŹ֣ϲɱˡ˿ֹ߳ҪȻͱȥˡ
ĬĬÿͷһµúóԷԷʱ˵
ԸرŹ֣رϲɱˣǰŹ͹Сʳ㻹ƨƨߵĸ˼Һ棬תͷͱ˵˼һ
ôһº˲ԹԱԷˣǲˣŻµԷ˼ҺӸʲô˵ԷʱҲ˵
һٷԵĻĹӰٲõ˿˵˻棬лֵµǼŮС顭һһ߼ĿסԼҪ²۵
ʵҲ԰ٲõ˵ǻһϸ¹⿴θǸͦľġС硱ǰŹ¾ʧͿźָ׵ĹǰǸеû¸ɣӲ˰ͷ򶼿ʼǲеʲôĻӡ
Щ˵ǰٲýֵܰСǵñɾƬ糡
󣬰ٲ˸һۡ°Ȼʹһӣк¿ʼˢ롣
һˢ룬һ߶Լڰٲõĵײոµ֪
̾˿ȻֻһССҽϵ̸ʰɡѾܹûʶŶڻѹжôĴˡ
ٲֵطһϵĩңжݵطʱʵ˵ⶫѾȫ
һ߰Ѹϴõһһ룬ʲô˼أϣɱ˻ɸӵĺϱɱһ
⵹Ҳ֣ϾϱʱͿνѣվǵÿһ´۵ġҲΪʲôһֱû취͢ԵУܹԭ
ֻⱲӸϱһЩΪǸƺûȥ˵ϣٻλΪ»棬ΪһݵĹ
Ҫͬʱûа취ģǡǸѾŴ˹ʶû£˵ɱɵĻ棬ΪµĻ档
翴ûзʲô仯ԶǴߵǸˡڻڲһһ𶯵飬˵һ
˵ҲͲһ߶ѡ
ֶױݵģϻ治ĵ¡Щĸ߲ܻ棬ٻ˵ΪĻ棬ͬϱ¥Щ˻ϲӭɵĵһ㡣
ͬʱͷҲԼʹãҲζſԳٷӵã£
ǻô֪ĻˣҾͶԴϲŻϲһϵĹܹǿƽзӣǸ˻ϲԼڳΪĵһˡ
¾ԼĲ²ȷĻôһľٶӦǡơ
Ĳ뱻֤ʵˣôһʱ䡭ͻһȺֵļһðˡ
ǿܻᴵΨһһܹɱ˻ˣֻɱԽԽֲĻ桪Ͼǰĵһˡ
ҡҡͷɾ֡
ֻϧ
磿ºȻſڴһССԴ̽˹С˵磬㡭ո𣿡

˫

ûС̧ͷЦ, ôˣôˣ
ΪҾû񡭡̫áС˵
˵仰Ϳ̧ͷĬĿþãֱЩĻŵʱ򣬻²Цͷ, Ϲ, 㻪ء
ŶԹԵصͷȴùֵֹġ
һֱͷʱ˵һ䣬˵һ, Ҫǲô죿
ţãȻ̧ͷŻ˵ǻ׼ȥʲôطȥҾȥġ
Ҳ˵Ҳڰٲ, ˵һҲô죿
껪µĻ֮ͻȻһ㶣°ûػ̧ͷ, ۾, գգ۾, ôô룿
Բȱ, еϦ𡣡΢Щĵ, ҾһҪǳô죬ҲûʲôһҪû, 㶼֪Ǽˡ
ģҡҡͷ, Ϲ, Ͻ£˵ɥ
¿ĵһҪ², ջ²ò˸ӡ
ˣҾ˵ġ¿ϣôСͰ͵أˣ
ͷһšƺǳµӣֻһĶЦڰƹˡ
ˡ¿ЦԺڷġֳ˼һᣬȻ֪ǶϵǸ֬𣿡
֪Żµ绹ܴСȥأôˣ
ҸһܣҸǼ֬ӵϰѡСص
û˵½ֵһܣûм֪磬С㣬Ƕ֪
ǲ֪֪ҲָԲҪ˵ȥ
ֿ˻һᣬͻȻʣΪʲôأ
һҺܳʱ䶼ûлȥǼҵϰ塣سĬ˺ܾ֮˵ܱ֤İȫεˡ
µϵһξȻûзƢ
;ؿŻ£һ˵Ҽסˡ
±شһ㶣˵㡭ļסˣ
סˣֲС鵭صԱԼ̨˿ûʣ룬˵һҲϢɣͻȥˣûء
ǣȥɣ·Сģŵ·ľ𣿡ںãȻĵƺȫҲʮ롣
ŷϿ˰죬ĿԶȥ֪ΪʲôͻȻеܸ꣬оһӻ˼Ҳ˵һ
һ˻ң̨ȻֿƲסĶ
ҲûţһĬ˴Լ׵˺ڰ
ٲõҹһƽͰꡣ

ڷļ£ԼҲϢǻʦˣʦ״̫ãĴҽʱڳ࣬ӣԼ涼ڴΨһɱ˻ˣֻ硣ڻдļСĿĻ¡
һӣ˵˵ʲôţҾ˵ǿ϶ŵ⣬˻ˣһ̧ƨɡ
ȿȡԱߵС˧ɤӣˣԡ
᳡һʮ˸ΣţͺԼѾһ
ԼϵЦݣԼϵǷļֿ˿˻йڻķһֱô
һֱ̫áŮ˺ܶ˵ץסǵİѱҲǲ˵˭ôģʵĶȫû취סԡ
ǾǼ˵ɡµЩ˷Ƿסģ˵ǿܻѡȡӼ˵ֶΣԻ˵ɡ
ǣŮתͷ鼱С
ʱԱߵһ͵һѣĲ鲻Ըµͷ˵
ȣϴи˵˵㻵Ȼ˹ȥǸ˵ˣǸڻĴҪءԱߵС˧Сص
¿˺Ůһۣ΢ЩȣΪ̫ںأϾʵҲһƢôˡͻȻŮȻΪ˴»ͦжġ
ĵʱȫΨһһЩֵģǰòŸոΪеĳ
ʱȥÿһ˵ĻȴѾ˻꣬˵۾ƺЩ׻ɢƺʲôˡ
ڿ˻ᣬĵĳţȻ˴Ӻĺ󱳵㲻ˣ˾Ը
㡭ҡָ˰죬ȻͻȻĬ˵аɡ
ųС˧ĵ˵ͷȻת뿪ʱ˻רõߣתۼǳǸϤġˡˡ
С˧ıӰ죬ֲǵ뿪Ųĳء
ڻߵĻտ꣬תͷֻǱߡʱ˿Ǳ߸Իɢҥء
£˰˿Žͻк㿴ô
½ӹһۣЦһ£дǻԸ粻ʮֲбҶԱ˺֮ܲġ
дĲµ٩˵һ䣬ǡ
׼ȥԱߵһҲ¥̽һ̽ϵǸСصϢѾˣðЩգڻΧһ
Ҹһȥ𣿡˵žҪԼ·İɣҴŶңԲᱩ¶Լٵġ
ȥҪ𣿡ЩҲ٩ŵԻͷݣǲ˵ȥȥ߰ɡ
һ˵˻ָһϣ棬ΧЩİϤףͻȻĪĽŸС
˵֪»ܵѹǷǳģŰѾȷɢҥܰǻܴѹοͻǸǺǻӰ춼̫󣬵Ҫ˵ԼȷǸ̬ͦ顣
Ŵ˵ɤӣȻһľǽ˵ʵİɣҿô
ã˲˽˺ãӶ˵仰
˵Ҳģи¹Ҳǲǡ
Ҳ˸λøеû»ץ˰ɹྡ
ǽ콲İҲǱˣϷͷʢһλ档˵һݴԸб·ʽ޷졭
˵˵˵ţͻȻӶųĬƺе㲻̫ԡ
µ۾΢΢Ա߿һۣͻȻӶˡ
˵Χգ΢ŵ˿ڿˮСʣĪǿ͹ǡǲΣ
ǣһˡǸһɣܽʲô

ɰ

˵˶Щ, ǱͻȻ˵ˣЩò׼ԼҪҪȥˡ
ŵûͣҲֻܼ˵
¿ˮ, ǺãǼ˵氡, Ըб, ҲЩŹ֡
µĹѾײˣ͵͵Ѱһʵ·, һῪ
ǰŵΪţ˵ʱ, Щ˾͸լƵ, ˭˭}ûš
´οͬʱ, Щ, զ¥̫һҲûûʲô𰡣
һϱӡŵ۲Զڽ˻¥ɱɵЧһģ˺ܿ־磬¥ɱҲһ
Ȼ״Ҳǲ, ֪ĺҲûϹʲôġ
¥ɱԭ޷Ҳô㡪Ը̫б, ̫, ܻŶ״òһЩ֮ġһһԱһ, øҲӦûʲô̫
˵Ҳôõģ˰, Щȥ, ҲټȥСĵΧЩˣλ͹, ϲΣҾ͸һαġǿô
ɾĿ¡
˵¿ˮСˣľ뿪˳ϣһᣬæһ˿ҵŮˣĻ£˵Ҳ
¿ŵҲ½泷ԼҲߣ֮ǰм»ġ
סԱߵһʣǣһ¡
ʲô£תͷۻ£һǸˣһı־Ҳôģһͷ˶仨
ġ³һ£ղǸ˵˵ĻǺ񶼲ôϲҾʣΪʲôԸ˵أ
קסǸ˴ӱ﷢һЦԱߵһ˶һۺתͷŻµ˵Ҳ˵ף㻹ǱˣϽƽʱֵطȥɡ
Աߵ˵Ц˰תͷۻ£ͷĵôûߣ
Ҳ˵ЦǺǵĿǡ
ǸһֱЦſ˾ЩѻҪỪ£ѸٱԱһƢҪúܶؿŻ£Ц֪Ϊʲô֪أ
ΪúȤҲЦŵоǵķӦеĲ̫һӦ֪˵ԸǸ˵˽һİɣҲûϹ
˿Żµ˵ͷתͷ룬Ȼʵ˵ЩǶǶĶࡣ
ǡ
ΪˣôĲбôĿ£֮ܶûʲôԲǵ¡ǸЦŵʻʲô𣿡
ûˡ
ˣûеĻúõɣˣʱԳȥ߲͡
лл
վ˳ȥ
¥Ѿʣ¼ŵˣߵſڵһ£ֲĻͷһǸ¥
ֵģҶںղŵǸҲ̫ںոǸ˵˵ʲô
аһ૵гһձŵĸȺ˸ô찡
ͷˣԱв˹Żµո˵ʲô
ûʲôתͷЦأҪȥ𣿡
˿Щ˼ȥˣȥĵط
áҲûʲô͸뿪ȥһڻϽΧĵط

µ˶֪֮жһǳµˣû֣˳ƻ棬һŹܵߣϲˣʢװ
ŸһֶΣ·ϢľͿ͸Щʲô
ԭвû˵ˣϾݺ⣬Ҳĸ֪Ľ˻ÿеû¾ȥϾʲô£ĻĻʲô˵ġ
һҹ֮䣬ҷ·Ͷ֪˻ˣֱըģӱģǺ«ģÿ˶˵Ļ֣Լۿһ
ˣķˡ°һڷȻ͢һ֣¾ûܹ赲ˡ
һ߳Էһ߿ڷܵСӡ
ʵԽϵĳ͢˽ľͲôϾ⽨ʱĳ͢𡭡ܹ˵Ķͨͨһֻ̬ȣģʲôˡ
ԻִԽ˵ҪַӿԱʮ汾ĻʼÿܰЩӵϰպƵһһ㶵ģ¾ûҪҲǻ
ܹȷϵģʵòʮӣʮ⼸ΪλɱģúϻʵƺȽƽӹһûʲôرнԵ飬ΨһĽԾ
Ҳ֪ԼǸֶĻʵۣһʱ϶ȴһ½Ϊ̫ҿ϶Ӱ쵽͢ģ⽭׳ӣòƻĺúõġ
£ʮɱүϻλǾ͵һпõĶ˵Լʲôġ
ǱӦ˵˷ɡԱŵһ˳Ż³ԷʱԱߣ΢ЩĵһϢûУǶЩ°
³ԷĶˡ
԰ˣȷʵӦһЩٶġ
ǶŵģǶģڶɱ˻ķô󣬻桰Ը񡱣϶ֻ֣ӣܾôϢķŹġ
ΪһֱʲôӦһԻһЩɣˣһˡʹ˾磬ʹ֪ǸԷǳĿЦ
·룬ʱ͵͵һϢӵʱͿԼŵͬ»ϲصܽϢˣϢˣ׷䣡
𣡡ԱߵһͬҲŻϲ
ٽ°ʱ򣬻Ƕϲصģ¿Ⱥ˷ܵܣȥ֪ͨÿ˵ӣεҡҡͷ
ȺӣƷʲôˡ
һôӶ෽濼һ£ٷƵĴ󣬲ȻһʱӸô졣
ӦһЩˣȻ֪Լ磬ôͲôĵȥѰټվֻ˿ġ
Ͼһ֪ǼٵģȥңǾЩ̫Цˣ
°ĿͶλ˽һƬҲԼƽʱһȷе˵Ŀл澭һ
˵û˯ŵʱŵĵǰĵǸ棬ʱǻЦ˵أ⼸˵˾һƬôɵ¡
´˸ǷôûУɺϵȥˡ
˵᲻ְ
ѽܡ°˽ȥȸϽȥϢɣϵЩ飬ͱˡ


İݷ

Ϊϵġ硱, ʱʵһֱűĺܺã󶼸һˡʵҲʲô£Ҳδûӻµ뷨, ¶Դ˶ûʲôȵϡ
ò˶Դ˲ʲô뷨ܲס˻뷨
ľԼһ˽ûˣʱضкü˼, ǰһСӻаۣϵǶˡ
ڻԼԼϵԽԽѵʱ, Ȼһ˴󷽷Ľ͵ǰ
¿Ǳ߸İ֮, ¶ǸССʱ, ͷϵ亹һӾˡ
æΧ˲ע, ĸСȻĵߵ˱ĵط
ȵ˯ڹȷʱûעľٶ, ŰǸСߵ
ⶫϴν͵͵Ǹ
²ֽҪϵ, ϾϴװŪ˰죬оȵǽôŸİġ
ֶܱȻҪ߳Ϻüλһ򶼴ĳܹ֯۾ɫġҩǴ·֣Ҳʲôѵ顣
Ÿµİ棬Ͱҩ
ﰵ룬ֲôһȺӻҲ˵Ǽ, صľͱʮͤȥʮͤеҪĶ࣬ҲΣյĶࡣ
ʮͤôʱ䶼һֱȫǷҩ˵, ʮͤӦñȻҪϺܶ࣬ӦðҲвٵĽ顣
Сߵѹһֽдһʱ͵ص㣬¿ֽЦһ£Ȼʮͤһ񣬵껨Ϳ¹ʮͤˣʱϲд
Ӧý
¿һֽУȻɿֽͻһƬĩ
ϣ֡
ҲҪȥ֣ȷʵǿһСɵʱģֻϢӵľȻô죬û²Ŀʼ˼ڹ˭
˼ˣʺţջʵڲȷϣҲֻʱ
ȥ֪˺«ʲôҩ
¶ڼ±ûʲôŵĸоϾǡطꡱ
ѼʱܹͣͣȱƳԵ㣬ÿһѴ󵶣ǾͱȽˡ
ǻǰʱӵһϢ˵ʦ岻̫ãòǾɼˡʦòʮͤλúܺģͬڻλһ
ʦ˾ɼôʱˡ˭أ

ϵĵɫǰҪ˲٣ҵ·ߵﶼů¯ʹ溮ҲůůͺͣĻıƽʱҪޡ
¸ŵ˷ֱ󣬾һĳŻĵط߹ȥһ·Ϸֲ˵۾߳еʶ
ϴԴͻȻºԺ󣬾вٻ֪ϢϵƵģָ˶ܶ࣬Լʹ漰ʱԲ֪˻Ǻܶࡣ
¿ΧЩ˵ǵʵ㲻ǶôѺãгӵģнģдͷβĴҪһƤġ
˵üһǷˣЩĺĵط˿ϴ˺޲ֱӰϴ죬ֵߣ޲ð˺ˡ
ȻҲֻ²۶ѣԼҲ⵱ȻֻЩˣʵͦ˼ģǰߵʱмͬѰ۹⿴˹תͷȥһۡ
ûʲôˡ
üͷ΢΢£Ȼֻ˳
һŰ嶤ӣȻϲּԸ⿴ѶӰ氡
¥С濴֪Ѿˣȴҳȥ֮ǰÿһʱӭȥģһȴû
ʵʱһֱôãڳǸһﵱڲһ֮ǰڻĵλһ֮µģ˻⣬ÿκ˵ɫеһ顣
ǳǼҲ֪ǲãܾûЩ˽͵͵ֵҲǲÿɫˣڽϴô꣬ȻЩ˵ʲô˼
ʱ櫹ĿνѾΪһʱˣƽʱ˵ҲңһͻȻʧ˵ǰڻ棬꺮ůó˱Ҫʮ״̬
һȺ˿һֱ˳ۡһ뵽ͲЩ
ƯŮʵ̫ˡеһԲΨһһÿһ˿ĵһʱǸˣŵʱ򣬾̾
ֻ澿жˣЩţֻǽԼڻҹֻ˵ĵطǲŻᴩѣһߣվһԶԶĿһˡ
櫲ЩΪʲôĸԸĴڻط·ǵֻǸһŵģԼȺԶһ·ˡ
һǴźߵŮ˾;߶̣ǿЦ櫶ԴʮֵķŭʲôΪÿһ˶Ů϶Իĵˡ
һ뵽櫶ԻʵһЩԹ
ڿ˵ƯŮˡΪʲôŮǶһٶƵˣ涼ɱأ
Ĵ¥һ̧ͷͿƾ櫣߾¶һ˿Ц⡣
Ů˵櫱ڵĹǺòҲǰˣÿ춼ҪŬӦС˧ʵһ
̧ͷһ桱ǱԶԶĿΧв˵߶ͶϣǸԽ˼ˡ
Щ񣬶û²һֻþ
ƺϱߣмεظ˵ԲһˡӦɱԵġ֮·˽֪ʱͨͨԴ֮
ڻϱӵ磬ϱӵԡ
°ԺֵĶ˦˳ȥ󲽵¥
濴µʱЦúܿģ¿ڻıЦҲܿġ
ԶԶĶһۣһƺ⣬櫼ʹڻҲ̲סһ£Ȼĵصͷ
ˣˡȷʵеְڱָһҪĹŮ
תͷԱվź˱Щ֣ʹ󷽷ĽӹϵݹľƣһЦ
ȥˣԶһݶϣһС˵
ȥˣˣ׼ôһһ˵
Ȼᡭߵһ̧֣㡭ҽʲô
ޣˣϲ𣿡

ûУͦġ̾һԺôаɣǰ;Сӡ
˵仰ʹ¥ȥ̽ԴϺȻ¶˰ֻĻơ
Сĵ㰡Ǹǵðѻͷú˵Ҫ֣æȥĽûػ˵ذͷˡ

һ

ϯϸ潻յ, ̸˾ͲݸˣļƣʵûڰùǺ
Ůͳȥ, ٻ˿Ů, ΪԼһﲻס, ǰ뿪ˣⶼԶԶģ±ͷĺŮץȥ
Ҳܵ˳, ȻС˵, ڸ˺Ⱦƣȵء
˵֮ĻϲĿų׼Ѫʲô, Ϳص˵ǺȾͺ£ʲô£
ͨ籨ŵʧǵˣһһ߰̾ҩ衱Ǳ߳˵֮һ˿ĵԼ, ͷصġ
ϷݵĲˣһ̣Χһ, ˲̱ˡ
ܾöûл, Ů㡣С˧ʱҲժȻ˵
Ҳû취, ܻͻˡ°ԼϵһѣȻС˧, ¥ȥˣһҪˡ
Ҵҵ֮ǰԼõĵص㣬ʱѾ峡ˣƽʱûʲôˣ컪º±ţΧ˶Ҫһˡ
˲һӣͿԼȵѾˡ
Ȼ㡣Цŵ˽Իţǿɱͷ֪֪
㲻Ҳ𡣡濿ǽ߶Ż˵
²ûȴ泯Χ˿ΧǸɾôʱͷһûʲôˡ²¡ǸմӻǱ߹ģ
ҲûеȻ˵Ǽ˵Ӧǳʱ͵͵ģĹϵʵԻŻͬڻ
°Ŀ棬һôͻȻ˵˺ûĪӳˡ
ϾԲôõˣǵõʱǻ桰ɱ˽
㵽ʲôˣ¾ʵֱһ㣬ҺϤ֮ǰʶ𣿡
ɡͻȻ˵
šʲôЩ¡
˵ɣҪʲôҪȥˡ
ԶԶĶŻ˵ţ˵Ļʵû˺ܾãΪ⻰Щûͷûβġ
ǻ¾ԼԼԼ⵽˵ʲôͷҲֳֻܱװɵ˵ʲôҲ
Щ֮Ĳǣ㣬˵׻ΪһҪӡ˵أ㲻뵱ӣҾҲȫԲġ

Ĭ˺ܾãһֱͷո˵껰濴ŻµĪе顣
˵ʲôʱ򣬾ͻȻµ˵Ҳ
ڽɼ
֮üҪȰ˵ʱȴȻ̧ͷЦô㣬ôأ
ң
Цһ£ңҹҺθɡ
𣿡
ԶԶĿ棬˵ϱӿɲ˵ѡ
ʵϣϱӵĽĻģǶ
ʵϸ⣬ϱӵĽһѡضûֻôһ·ߣ
ϸ룬Ҳδءȫģ˵̫Ͻ˵Ը񣬵ӣҲ·ӡ
ºܻǲǸԽ˵ʲôͬⱲǸյһҪɱ˻һҲǱһѡⱲӻ½ͳȥҲδǸһܹİõɡ
ôǸ˵ΪƭɱģֻΪʲôأ
˵ʵܿЦ
Ȼ˵Уһ޷죬ָ뷨ļһĪֱ
Ǹ˶Խáý̫ƽȡ˵ȥһɵĻͬġ
沢׻µ䷴ʲô˼ֱ׳˵Ȼˡ
áºȻЦŵ˵ͷôҪطָأ
֮һƬܣ˵ˣˣϷ΢˵׵ӡ
ϽԼĥ˰˰ٱ뷨˵˳ҪȷǱߵľ裬ȻûȥһͻƿڣøĽ飬һܹûļƻؼʱ̼
˵˰죬һüͻȻ˵ƻгϮɣϾλԼӦþƻġ
ͬļƻΣλǳԵͷ˰
ܹżɹôһоͶðˡĬһ˵ġʬ塯ôǱ͵˳顭㲻Ļҿæ
˵Ǿ仰ܾԼ˵ǰһѻʵΪһ仰̵ġ
ѻµġʬ塱Ǳ˳ۻһ˵ǵӦϸĥһ£ʮͤЩˣδѰ졣
˵ʮͤЩ߶Ƚϱ󣬵ãðѻ¸ӳȥǺܻġ
ϾʮͤȨĿǰΪֹҲһˡ
µʮ֮ͤľǵʱʮͤɾˡ
µ־ͲʮͤʵʵĳΪͤһԣټϻµƢãʱѹһʮͤЩ޷ķˣһ룬δʱⶼʼȤ
Ķѹե˵뷨Ǵʱ˿ȴɻǸĪı飬ƺµġʬ塱˳Ǽ΢һһ
ҪǻһˣټǰǼ£ͱŴӦˣϾڿ̫Īˣ⽭ϲһеĻһ
ȴʱ뷨
˵Ǵİ̾˿Цŵһǰ˵ľͻͬˡ
üͷһ壬㡭ʲô׵ĵط𣿡
˵仰Ϳ»ı۾Ȼֽ۾
Ȼ͸оΧһҵɱҲоľѹ
һ˲;Լʲôʼ
ֿҪս⣬ףڵֻСֿʼֻֻСֻǿĵʱŻô˷ܡ
ǡ
üͷԽԽص˵ĺˣµζʲôɣ
濴ĵطµ۾ѾʺΡ
ЦŵҼˡ
ֻһ

ץ

֮, һԭؾվ˺ܾãֱٲ߾ͻɵʱ˻ȥ
Ǳֵͦ, Ȼ¹Ժ, ֮ЦֵòƱСһ㡣
Ҳû, ͸ŵһ˻ȥ
֪ŵЩ˶ڷ, ҲԼŹؾصĵһ˾ˣʲôһξͲ֪Ϊʲôƫƫ
ղʶԼ˵ʲôʱֲ˼ı֣Ȼ;Լǲǰƭе̫ˡ
»ͻȻ䷢Լƭ֮, Ҳûʲôõİ취ˡ
ˣƭõĴ, ҲȷԼĶ潻Լ뷨᲻ʲô, ȷ᲻ͬԼ
ͻȻͱѹһص
ʱǺɵ, ŵطĸо¾Ȼӣ²ò˵һ컯Ūˡ
Ҵææ˻ȥǻֱŲӳǰأͺȻи˴ݶһ·Źˡ
ʱĵĹǺֿۺ, ֵʣӳأ
ûһ˵
û, ûһ֣զ£̸ˣ
˵仰, ȴûشֱǰ˹ȥһ, ҲϽȥԼ˦¡
̸˰ɡ˺ܾúǲǰ˵ֻԶҲزˡ
ΪΪɶǻûô¡
룬еҡ
΢΢ЩȵĿ棬ͷһδ˵Լеҵֻûסȥʲô°
ƻб䡣֮ǰ׼Щȫòˡ

Ϊ鲻ãһڹ˯û찵أڶеˡ
𴲻Ǳŵѵġ
ˣҪˡ۾˹ӣٲõ˶Ѿϰ߻ڵʱѿŵĹȫ̸ˣڴһ˶ûУһȥš
źĻʲôˣһŲ˶Իµһ£סʲôֵ˽𣿡
ûУҴˡûȶԷػֱӰˤϣֻȥ˯ˡ
˺ҲûţǱһֱڻЩŵ˸קˣһֱ˯Ͳʰʰ׼緹ˡ
ϣˡʱֻһˣ¾ͳ޲ðקˣ˵ûţȥˡ
ɵƯ۾˯˶ã
ʱɲ̡ҹȥôô
ûȥġ鵹е㡣
Ķ棬ųԺúȺõȻԼˣƫʱƽʱ̫һЦŶɷһ㡭ôÿôûûεĳ˯˯˳Եأ
ʲôĿŻµʲôг˳Ծ˯
¶ըëΪЦеĿһᣬԼͣˡתͷһྐྵһ˵Ҿһֱ˵̫࣬һ춼֪Щʲô⣬ʱ򿴵˻ͦ}ûŵġ
㡭˵˵
ʵ֣һֱٲõ˺ûи潻⣬ǻµһδӱ˵Ŀ˵Լ̫ࡱۡ
Ȼʶ԰ٲЩ˵̶Ȳûô
ǣûۣʲô˵ʲôˣһ仰޲ùհ˸˵۾˵
Ļһԭؾ˰죬ȻһͷͷëллĻ΢һ㣬ôŻǲ򵥰
ǲңߣΪ˵ĹĨǵҾˣ
Էʱ򣬴ڵģҲһ㶼ûʻ½ôǸӣֻһЦǺǵĸвˡ
³ŷʱȻиŵ˹ûֵˣһʱ𣿡
԰һ㶼磬ʱ㾭ڡ
ǹģ
ڶ˻һۣҲû೤ʱ䰡˵ԣǾݴԴҾͶСĽ
ˣԭΪźȻװǸŵΪʲôġ
ͷһڷȻСһ㣬ԣ͸Ͻܰ
֪ˡ

⸽ƽһЦһҧ˿ͷôͲأ
ʲôŵİ·˵
˵仰ֻ֮ƽȻû֮ǰͺתͷȻͿƽҧгݵҧͷƺ˺ʲô˵һ
ι㡭·üͷһǡ
Ǽһǰˡ
·ͷֱҭɤۣggûƽ²Ż˹
ǣļİ·ʡ
ǰҼǸطƽüͷʵʵģڽϸ˼ҴܣȻһ۾ϳˡ
ȻȻأ
ȻԶԶĿһۣҲ֪ǿ˻ûȻˣץҲûץס
·ͷȻͲˡ
ˣ׷ȥûץ磬˻ͷ
ȿȡȻᣬ˭·ź˿ˮˮûȥֱӱǺˡ
ͷʱܶ˼һ棬֪ڸʲôȥץʱһҲȥ˵ҪȥĻҪţˡƽһ뵽ġô򡱾üͷֺݺݵҧ˿ͷ
·ɤĿɤӸȳˣʱƽͻȻתͷЩĵ˵ˣ˵Ҫǰץסô찡
Ҳ˵һᵽ·е̸ˡĿǰϷӿʽ̾˿ʵˮҲûΪʲôҪô˵ͦΣյģץסˣӦ׶༪١
·ʵҲΪʲôҪץ磬˼ȥӦһԻֵΪΪʲôֻͻȻͽأ벻ס
ƽ·ĻҲĬͷٶҲ
һղŻƽ˵Ļ·Ȼ˵ʵͷ˻ǱȽϿ׵ģԺҪ˵ҪʱţҪ񣬱Ͼͷĺ
ƽʱЩŭˣ֮ǰ˵Щһǳͬ⣬ǰôôЩѻ𣬡
˼ôҲɣ·٩˵˼Һôǰ꽭
ԣиΪ֪𡣡
ƽ˵󻹲·ֲϾͷǿϵıӢۣ˽֪ҹд

ɶ

ȥЩˡǸЩεĶԻ˵
Щ˸˷ʱѡЦ
ô˵Ǹֺĵ, ôҪһģǸûô򵥣ƾһ˵, ǿ϶û취ġ
²ͷġһ
ʵµǰ, ڻ¶Դ˵̬ѾǷǳ, ǳֵϳȥһ١
Ȼ˵ʱѻȸ

Ҳǻµһ˦ӿ, Ͼ⣬ʲôǸҲ̫ѵ, Ҳǰ뿪Ц˵䡣
ǽ죬̬ȷǳ, ӻ·ȥˡ
ﰵ̾˿
ǸôĥӲݵģ޷ǾϣȥһЩһˡ
ʱ»ڼһ߿¥ɴĳ², ⲻ֪, ҲֵҪЩ, ôһԸԼʱˡ
˵Щ˵ʱȻݳɷ־Ӷ࣬ҲδûһġϾ֪Ⱥ˼ĵݾֻһ, ǾǸôɵ档
»еҪ˽ģǾǡϱӸ˺ɵļ
վǸ˵ĺ, ϴһ, Ŀǰˡ
ʱܱ¶ԼݣҲܱ¶ԼֻվǸ˵󣬳䵱һְ
ǸҲֻûô򵥵ĿŶѣ¿ŽôӴļ, ﻹͦпġ
ôĹģôҪЩϴξٰĽۻỹѡɡ
ڡĥӲݡ֮£ǴӦǰ߿һˣȻĵһˣȻһˡ
ϡⲻɵ𡣻˼뵽ϱ¥Ǳߣ¶λǼһؽٶȿ۾ϣ״еһֱ߷ˡ
˸սʱ򿴼Ǹˣ΢΢һЦȻȻ˺վŵĻʱ̽
ĬĬķۡ
զΣǺ±˿һžȻŵĸ߲˽ﹴ㶼Ѿˣѵ±
ǡλſŻ£ָòĶʵ
ýšǸ˿ЦЦҵӣǾԲ¸˵ȥģҽΪ档
Ŷһӡ֣ɫ˲ͱûԻ´˸кͷû̧
òλҲûںְӣصʵǻµݣЦǺǵġ
˵ȺƽʱһֵķµġҲǴ𣬿Ҳյ˲Ϣ
ǵϢûлô࣬ӦҲ㹻ʱȷжˡ
һһĽŽÿ˶һ˵Ĳ衣һֱں氲ƺΧûһģʵѾĳȥ
ˡ
΢еӡģˡ
˿˦˦ԼԴ
þòôᡣһλ΢͵Ů˹ǸЦϳǶɵˣ¥ֵرݵһŮˡ
ǸЦ
ߺ󣬻ƺЩԤУһŽ֮ǰ̧ͷ
ŵһӢĽܹͣó緢ҲΪʲô緢Ͼܹͣĳϣ֤ˡ
ֻǻµЩ΢
Ҳû˵ɽò˵¶˵Ϣ
˵ȥ֮һ֮ǰڻɽԵˣԻµһʱ뵽ľԡ
Щڻ˵ʲôܣǻеһֱȥйڻɽɵϢȫȻһ
ЩеվСһأԹԹԵĩβλã뻪Զ¿ӰԺ󣬲㳹׵һ
ͬʱҲһ˲뵽ϱһֱ״бֵİӣԼⱲӻɽְ֮ؽ
аɣ顭㿴ȽϺá¿Ǻ״һСͻȻֳʲô԰Ȱ˵аЩµ뿪㡭
ǸƵգ״оȻһ㶯ûУȰ˰죬ͻȻԼȰˡ
Ⱥδضǳ˵ģ»вٶǳššġ
ŶеĽ˵һƲĶԽҪ򽻵ĵطԽࡣ
ȻȺŽģ»һԭ
ǾǴҶǽҪ۵Ķ˭
֨ѽ
ֱƿˣ½Ѿٵˣв˶΢ƵĿſڣ˳˰Լϡ

׹˽ȻҲûп֮еκһˣֻǰ˸䡣
üͷ˵¥ڽһֱаģڴ󲿷˵ǻǲϲ¥һжġ
Ͼɱ𣬽Ȼûвɱ˵ģһȺɱǻһ𣬴վǲô
ڳ۾ˣʵǻ±ˡ
¿׹ֶۣĪˣ˵ǸʲôˣˣⱲ¥ľȻˣ
ŶҲ֡
ﰵ룬¥ƿ߾Ǹˡ׹Ҳ֮е顣
̫¥ǰ¥ˣĪıѸС
ºȻо׹ƺ̧ͷΧһۣһ£ֱʶ׹ۺڿӲͷƤװֻ֪ǵͷָ
һᣬ׹ۺŰ۾ջȥ
ˣ˶ˡǸЦǿʼɡ
濿˿ȻֳĻ桪һվȺ֮УΧȺˣѾ໰ȴֻĬĬվš
λֻΪһˡǸص
ô˵ܻͦס˵ģڳ˼ܵѹ
¾վں棬һװ
ԽԽˣҲǱƲѡһλŮͻȻ˵
ӷ𡣡һλµķɱرĴ顣ĲɱҲ˭
Ǹ֮Цŵ˵ͷ˵񣬰λеֻΪôܹһӣɹĽΪĻ
ںĬĬͷ˵üһô˹»Ĳɾ
ңһҸɶӹ˵ŻأǸͻȻѻ´Ӻһ˳ҽһ£ҸɶӣλŴк
һ˵֮ǰŶιȻˡ
µüһ
ﶸȻһҵɱ
ڳÿһ˼˲䶼ëһըһЩеҪε
һЩ˲վܲͣɨš
¼һ˲ĲǸжȻŷ˷֮顣
ԭˣһֱҪĶ
оԵ;Եͳ
ȮܣáǸ˺ȻЦֵˣˣɱջȥҪúõдЩˡ

ׯġˡ

̸ķǳɹ, Ͼڻͷɱ֮󣬾Ҳڻ϶ˣ̽еķǳ˳
Ҳ֪ԼݡӦþǸͷβĹ, Ǹ˷Ҫ, ƾΪ䳡ġ
ϻ¸ов˵Ŀһֱ͵͵Ŀƶǲ²Լݵ, һֱͷָ
ϸȺ˼ƻǱ뻨ɱ棬ÿһ趼ȷ, һ, һ߾ЩЦ
ЦЦĿǰûʲô취ЩǿԱģЩȫⲻˡ
һЩ̫ϸڵĶ, Ǵʲôʱɳɱһ, »ܹɱġͨʱҵĻڲʿЩɧĻ, ǻ¾Щ޲ˡ
ϾԼҲ֪, ȷʵǺ, һ˸ֻĹӣһͻᱬ
ⲻǼ֪˾ܱ⣬Ͱϣȴ޴ֵ⡣
¿ǱվļˣǶ¥ɱ֡
Ǹ⽻ǣǻ߷ҪĲ߷ǻεǼ£ͬϱӲ߷ֵµȺһ
Щ¥ɱ˧ŮؼʱƤҲܹɱ˵
¿Щɱ, ˵һξж˱߷أ
ɢԺ󣬻һ˸ţŸָ˴Լǰ߹вһкġ
ЩһŲֻһʱ΢΢̧ͷһۣ׹üԻµ㡭
߰ɣˡ»û˵˽ֻ֣׹һۣȻת͸ŽǸ뿪ˡ
һµǳãѾ֪ʱﻨ͸ĸɸһ˵뷨ۣؼǲƲģɫģϱⲻ˵顣
ⳡ鵹Ҳ˵ȫûĵ顭ʵе֮Ķġ

ͱͻȻᵽһط
ͷĿˣһͻȻᵽҪҼ֮УȴһֱҪ졣
ķӺѾ𽥵ҵԼ֯һǰ׿ˣǱ˴֮ǰѾγһڲĽһ˶û취룬ʱʹҪץ˶ץ
Ȼʱ˿ͻȻһ˲˻
˵⸽һȺ˽¾ٰһƽ̨طһֶεķӽġ
õϢЩϢԼЩ벻ģֻǸطʮֵΣգȥһ֮󣬸ɾͳ˼£ȻҲȥˡ
ǸطԺԱҲкüͷʾ֪ǸطҲȥ֤ʵǸطȷʵһܰĵطǳΣڶ࣬ڷͷ졣
µʱǽǣԽԽǳ죬һ̧ͷ˵ǸʱͻȻ˵ĵطġ
ʼ˵Ǹһ£һԷǳɫ˹Ŀİü
¿üͻȻԼɬĵꡪʵǲǰȥׯĵһΣҲǸ·ײȥһΡ
ʱüҲڳʱ;˸ɫû뵽Ȼ￴
һϸڡǾü˵Ļ֮󣬻¿Ǹ΢ɲһü
˲ʶӦ֪ׯطĴڵģ˵
ׯҲȥİ֮һ
Դ󣬾ʹûùԼʵݳڻׯ棬һֱƵݶŮΪԭ˵ׯʼĳƺΪһ˵İݷãԺЩ˾Ҳûгֹ
ǸطȷʵȥһᣬǸ˵
µϢȫ¶һ˿ȣΪǸ˵ĿǣǸطҲ̫İһĻô붼̫ܸǰ䡣
ʵǸ΢΢Цһ£ȷʵҲµһöӣֻұΪûãԽˣû뵽ӾȻҲ
Ļ˵꣬ըˡ
ʲô
ҲȥǸطȫϲ
ûû뵽ǸطȻǴ˲µӡ
ǰ
ڳ˶Ϣ𾪵ˣҪȻǸոû˵ÿһ˶Ѿ֪˰ü˵Ǹطʲô
ЩǸϢԴ粻һӦ֪ϢģׯʵҲʲôС֯ˡдԡӽ˳ɵķӣȥׯ
һԵķʥء
ĵĶЩ˵ôһطȻʱĳ𺳵ġ
վ˵ĺ棬ܾԼüëֱ
ȻŬıݺͰף֪ԼɱԱĻڹȺеһǼɲġ
²ֲһЩ飬ҲôΪ
ҲԼᣬҪľĵװƷ
·ԼʵѾһЩ˵Ը񡪡˱ӦһԸˡ
¸ʱҲֹˣһΡСӡһֱװº͵ӣʵֻΪȷϻµʵС
ܹѻµĸо
ΪȷԼܹȫĿסһˣŻװ⸱
ĶȤζ֮һ
ʱҲ˽˳öӡʱôˣǷأ
ûʲôġǸЦЦȻöѾˡվҵ壬ô죬ֻô졣
µԺȴվںǸ˿˸ͨ͸
ơǸƳ˸ҵģŸ˵ֻ
ΪǹƳȫˣŲ»ͻʣҲŮλΪŮҪλĻֻֻƳ档
ֻҪ룬ôƿػҵ˭׾ٵĽԼС
³һԺͬʱ˺üط֮ǰˮֵȵȡЩƶׯһġ
ڿܽΪصĴҲֻʣطһǻڵĻһʮͤ
ǰǻ¿ϵӽһִģΪѪ𣬶ĹɭϣƺԼһѪƶȣԲŻᱣԼĶԡ
ҲֻطǿǸ˵ֵҴ
㿴Ⱥ𣿡Щ֮Ǹ˺Ȼ˻µ
ŻЦŵÿһ˶㱰ϥģֻΪ֪ǵˡһǿ㣬ᱻȺǸ˺Ƭġ
˵Ŀǣ΢΢üˣ
ԡոһʱģͺ˼Ҳ˰ɡЦ˵ϾʱˣҾһֺη
СĽ㡣üһСģ׳ġǸȻڿǰˣҲǸöԸˡ
£֪һ𣿡Ǹ˺Ȼʵ
һ㶡
ĵطڣʲôʱԵô棬Ƿ˻Ƿˡ棬ҲƫִˡǸЦϲƫִˡ

ֽ

²˵ʲôû, Ϊһ˲˵δ֮⡣
ΪԸƫִֻԼҪŵĶԻܺõĿơ
һȴϱӵû, ҪýɱͻȻ״ϱڷӵҲδӮһΣȻûӮס
ʵ¾ԼǱֳһ㲻ӵ, ô˿¶ֱӽɱˣ, Ҳ˻ˣ˿, δؾͲܿƵ˻档
Ϊз, ˵ȫ, ϾһͲǸԸƵˣԾҪӲİѻ, ôһԷˡ
ʵǱɷӻиָĸӰ, Իᵼɥ˻ԥ, ڴĻǵ
λ֮ĵǡþǻׯľۻῪʼ, еĴһ, ϯһξۻ, ͬʱһβμӾۻѰĶࡣ
˺ö˰µضߵ˵, ˵𣿡
ΪԽԽ˰ɡ, ǫص
΢ɲĿһۣȻЦЦΪ̫˰ɡ
Ǹڻׯ˺ܾ, 齵Ůһ˵ĬĬ¿ˮ
һװӿžۻˣһ۾⸽ϤӰ
˼ˣǹҲǽǡ
ǡӦԱߵ¡
û뵽󲿷ｻϢ, Ȼйڻİ·Ϣַ˷ҲǵһγˣΪܼ
֮йڻ汾˵ģ¿ˡϲʲôŮˡϲʲôʳʲô֮⡣
׵һʻϵһſժߣǻ汾ء
üһλ˵Ӧ߳ɾ˰
һ淭˰죬ֻ뵱θ˵ģʵЩҲú˼ҲΪʲôЩϲʱԼʲôӵˡ
ƮҡҲԼһ·ŻġڻĴ󲿷˶Դ˻һ֪޵Ĳлܹÿ˸оġ
ʹҲﲻΪЩʱԼôķ˵һط˵Ҳһá
ԸŸԼػӳһǾԲᱳѻģǺȺͲұ֤ˣϾѲⰡ
ոôп꣬ȴ䲻һѽ濴һ⡣
һֽϣһϤıʼдţʲô취ܴ򶯻ְæһݷǳˣ
΢΢һ롣
ĬĬİֽԼǸƺǳ뿴ֽ澿дʲôվǲҶԡ
û뵽û뵽
ͷĹȻյĶʱʹĻ£Ҳ׽͸
̾˿ڻ᳡ɨһȦûɨǸϤˡ
ȻʱȴȻͷһֻۣ΢΢һЩЩĸо
תͷԵǸ£ĿĿҪһ

¿Щûüɢǡ
ЦˣδҲ̫һ㣬ΪҲҪٹһֵģû뵽ھѾ̲סˡ
죡ǸĿĿŻ£ողǸֽң
¿Ǹºܾãͷȫð亹һֱȵֶʼʱ򣬻²İѿڴֽóݸ
Ǹû뵽ŮȻİֽͳˣ˲ϲһ߹ſ־ĺ飬һ۷Źİֽӹȵ֣ӱ﷢һЦֽֽ˺Ƭһߡ
¿ű˺Ƭֽޱ顣
¿Żµ֪Ӧúܣֻ浽һʵҲָо֪ûָܹо
ʲôʱµĶʡ
˻µĻЦЩ񡣡¶Լ̫ˡ
ƺ˵ʲôͻȻһ˿£Ȼ졣Żµ㲻ڵֻ˳Ķ׳Ļ͹ԹԵҵĻҾɱ㡣
񡭡ܺµӰ¿ˣȻЦ˵ô㶼ѾҶ𣿡
¡
ºȻоĳһ߶һӲĸԼƳһѪ
Ѫµ˵ϣΧҰ׵ĻȣֱǴĿġ
Ǹ˿ŮѪ˲һɣȻԻ˵ʵ㣬ھ̰еС˼ˡ
֪ˡĵʽʲôԸ
ѻׯЩˣȫҽйǿһ˭ˡǸ˿Ц˵
ķԸҴææȥһᣬׯȫ棬ÿ˶ѩ׵·뻮һÿ˶ޱĿϷ
˿һЦ񣬷·ׯѾ֮ŮҲѾ°ܽ
תͷһ䲻ͷƤ顣
ׯطͲƣ˶·סķֶûطͺܵظһ
Ҳֻ˲ܶĳôĵЦˡ
֮ǰЩ࣬ΪǸ˲ԳģϾĻֵԺѾϰԵĶںˣԶ뻹ǻ֡
Ц˺þãòЦˡһۻʱʱѪŮĵӽ쿪ʼ˵ʲôʲô
¹ĵͷǡ

ǸԺ󣬻°ѵϵЩֽƬһһŵļеĵطѾ˲ȹˣԵú࣬ҲǱϲּ
澲ĵģƺֻлһˣոȥѲӡׯȥˣװ֧һߣǸµһᣬϾҲǵһβݹƳ棬أһСľͰŮ
ǸӦҪŮŪˣϾׯڹģˣȻһ˽ֿܻġ
ûʱûׯյĸϢϣȻͳһ
°ЩֽƬϸչȻƴ̾˿һһ˵ĵط˵ȡЩɡ
һ֧ʣԱ߾ĪĶһ뽬һ㾪ȵĸоûУһµֽЩƬƴƴմգȫճһ

Ǹոձɻׯϴ󡱵һȺѲ֡
ΧЩޱˣȻִЦ
û뵽û뵽ڵһ졣
Ȼû뵽ǣոձܡŮʲô
ʱ˿̣ִһëʣǴһ˿Ѫɫֽдһһе֡

ʹ

ڻ¸дֹ֮һЩ, ֮ͿҪˣʱ仨ŴӽطǰķǣҲڰϵĴ󲿷ɴ˹ʶ, ҪڲԺ󽫻塣
¼֮䣬ʵҲѾԭˡһ֮ìʵ̫࣬ڶǸǱҲʼ˴ģж
ʱҪһȺ棬Ǹ˰顣Щǲܼ˵, ֻܲںڰ, ¼ԼѾص¥Ĵ
Ҳʱ򣬻²ŷԼûԼжԷӵôӦá
Ͼ֮ǰڻǲͷڲģֻҪѹͺãǲʹӡ
Էǳһ£ǻǸ˵¾İڻҪö࣬Ȼڶ, Ǹֵ˸, ǻ»ܴЩܵһЩʸС
ҲͷһθܵжôĿ, ݵһ¥ľ, Ϊǽĳ̬, ǸֺݺݵظһΡ
Ⱥ֮, һȺֹ෴Ҫ뵽, Ҫװһǳϲģ
˵һֻţ
һһҹû˯, ϴҴææŵȺ˳, Ѿͨˡ
ͷԶ˽
۾ЦŶ˵һˣ˹ȥ
³˶ǻ֮ǰŵ, µĹϵͦõһ֣Ի¸һ黹Էһ㣬΢һԼĸо
ڽַӵķΧǺܿµһ£ȷԼûз裬ǴȺ֮Уʱ䳤Ժ󣬾˶ҪϷˡ
ȻҲпΪ˯߲ԭȱʱҪһ㡣
ôмһ߳Զһ
šõĲˡССڵҧԼոùֵĵعϣһ͵͵ĿۻվǱߵĻ£תͷЦһ¡
˵ʲôأ˵Ŀĵʱ򣬻Ҳ˹ȺתͷԻЦŵû˵ʲôƲôˡ
ûû£Ǿ˵˵ѡ˲Ի»֣Ҫϡʵе飬ϾϵʵҲǸйϵ»ж롣
ˣû°ɣҲеʣʲô˵ӣ￴Ż¹еı飬ȻԼˣЦŵûʲôˡ
ҲȺ˵Աߡ
ʵЩԭ⣬û˸ġ¿һǱ߼ĳԶС죬˵ʱҪ֪ԼвʮŵĲͷŻ᲻ᱻ
ҲûִǼΣǽӴĴ󲿷ʱ䷴Ϊ硱ʱܴǳȺС˵Ȼ˷ܸС
ܻڡĿһֱǡǸֻûڵպϴպҲáˣȺսĿС˻Ǳǿһء
ϵݸȺСǻûзֿԻ»дӵġҲûĪ˿
⼸Щŵ˲ǰըǰ񣬷ͶˡԼܸоѹֵĸоȺԼһǶԴһ֪ģԻ·ܵõһʱƽ
ʹƽҲֻǱϵġ
¿ǰװԼŵǸĻӳ
һ˾˼ʱߺȻĶʣӳǸոǱ߿˸ֵˣҪҪȥһۣ
ţ֮üͷתͷźȺЦ˵ˣҪȥɻˡ
ãŵǷ׷ԼеķŻվ
½ǹӴһǼҪεĹġѰҵϷķǣȻ֮Է
ֻȺ֮ճˣҲǳһ綼ûһŷʱȻԼˡ

һ𣿡¿Ǹǽǵķӣ͸оһѣΡ
ⳡϾĳЩ̫ˣڿ˵ıӰеptsdﷺһֲĸо
Ǹ˴ŻȥһɱжҪû±ø棬ڽȡʱ򲻻ᱻ˸ϳ
˻һĿģԽԽķӻ뻨׳󻨴ĹģɴΪǿûΧЩС͵ķ֯
һϡڷʱоһֲԼ˷ܸСȻѹȴֻ¡
侲侲ȰԼ£ȻתͷŸȺС˵˿ӦõȷǸˡʱʲô֯ˣˣһҪСġôڣ˭ȥƷӣ
˵仰ЩС۾ԾԾԵɣȴûһ˸ǰ
¿һǣ۾һֱЦ˵ðɺðɣôһ˾һʾɣҺžͺá
˵һ仰󣬾Щ˳˿ЦҡҡͷתǱ˹ȥ
ǸһֱǽǱˣСĵ˹ȥȻʣתͷҺŵˣҲ˺ġ
ȺСҲڻµıΧ˹µǲ˻˵ȺδĻ䣬ϾмʮͷΧأӦõķӡ
תͷĲõģתͷҿܾҪǿͷתˡ˵žֽ˵ͷתʱǸ˵͵һȻ󻺻ת˹
Ƿǳ־ӣԶú۾ΧǺģƺոտ޹¿תһʼı黹ȺСǰõ飬˳׸֮󣬻ϵıҲ˲ͽ
ǸµʱŻΪǸرˣԾתͷˡ
ʱ˿̿Ż£ٶȲûбɸһ
µֱ
˵ԭով첢ΪþΪ˾ġɱж©֮㰡
Ǹ˿Ż£Ѿŵû˵ˣֻһָָŻ£﷢һζڻȺǶ֪Ҫ˵ʲôΪǷӵӦԭǷӰ
üͷ΢΢һ壬ﲻԡ
˳ǷӵָĿ˻µϵʱ˿Ǳ˵Ѫ۾ͻȻͷһˮӣȫסˣҲһС
һƬң龰ϵķǰһĻʼغϡͻȻṦߵʱͻȻһһס֣Ȼ˵԰ɡ
תͷȥߵߣͻȻ˵Ȥ˾԰ɡ

һ

˸ץ, ĵӵǺܴ󣬾˻ûкҲ˵Ӵࡣ
ֵʱվ, кü˿񶼴С, ﵹûעô, ˳ɹĸץֵʱ, ŷ˵һ, վѡ
ץ˵ʱҲĻָ־һĽ, ¿ʼת
ܵǼ˾Ȼܵﰡ
˵˵Ļ⸽ҪˣҪ޹Ա, Ϊ̫Σա
Щڽһ, µҪʲôԲ, ´սĶС˵һ, ˺˵ͷת뿪ˡ
˻, Ⱥµ, Ȱ⸽һƬȫȥ, ﲻҪ, ÿ˶źŰ, ֵ, ͼʱ֪ͨҡ
¼˽ӵ֮½½߳ȥˣֻʣ¼ֵģתͷһ, ҲȥĵطģͻȻ뵽ûһˣôЩڰ˵Ҫָֻˡ
һ뵽µĶ˻ЦŶЩ˵Ǽ˾͸Ұɡĳߡ
ãʣĸˣҲС
ŻǰһΣԽԽòζ۹⿴ոջһͻȻ佩ס˵ģûһ̿۹͸¶һɱ⡣
˭Żûͷ¶ıأ˸ոջ¶˵ĻǸĳС֯ķӡȻһˣǵͬ˵ҲڸҪһץ
һȺˣֵûͷ¶ı
Ȼˣڵʱ䳤ˣһЩҪȱ˸֪࣬Ҳࡣ
֪¶ʱˣƺʹͻȻ˽гȥʱʼġ
֮ӵҽܵйڻϢͿʼɱЩȽڲ￴֮Ҳֻü
Щ棬Ϳŵһ͸ѪûۿǸʲôġ
컪µıһԣ͵͵Ĺ۲Ż£ϣҵΪʲôͻȻ佩
ǳĸӣһԻʮֵľأһ棬ȴĻ»ʲôõ
Ͼ¡
Լģȥ׻ʲôԾĵطԼòһЩˡ
ӳǰʱҲ𣿡ڻһСʵ²ûлͷӦЦãԺӦҲӵģϰ˾ͺá
Ҳ̫ΣˡĪĸпһµҪ书ǿ֡ΣյҲ̫æҡ
֪ӳ־رǸͻȻЦ˵ӳһĶ̤ʵˡÿ϶ʲôˡ
𡣡µ˵һ
԰ӳŶõļӳ֮һˣӳ㲻֪кö½˶ء
¸˵ʲôͺȻԶһ̻üͷһ壬Щ˵ȥǱ߿͵һṦ˹ȥٶȷɿ죬ת۾ͽǶ
ȵȣӳȺ˶һ˵ûõģˣûͷȹȥ˵һЩ
Ҳͬ⡣׷ȥɡ
׷Ǹ˵ߣǽǵһŮˣŮԱȸոյǸ˵ҪӴ࣬ԿµʱҲ΢΢һ£ŷƳԣŻµ㣿
һԲǰߣŲصţĪЩ}ˡ
ԱߵǸŮ˵СĻ;ĪЩ֣ôŮ˸ռ˻ӳһ۾ϳˣ
ܿԼĥĪǻӳڼٰʱŮ˼棿ŮܹϳӳҲǺˡ
ʵǽţеĪСڴϾȺ˶ǲͲȥģۿҲǼѵõ顣
˾ôʱ˿̵ĻͷƽʱƺһЩ˵Ĳ𣬻յĳ౾ڱȽº͵ֵģʹϱ¥˶һ㡣ټϻƽʱĴŴҲǳº͵ķŬģԻ¸˵׺ǿ
ڣͬһͬĴţڵĻȴСĪĲǰһԿʱĻţľͷ
»ıƽǸŮ˵ߣŮΪԱߵСǻµ£Ҳûж˵ʲôܱ¶ݵĻ
ŻݵЦЦϳһѵֱֱĳŻ³˹
ôһ˲䣬ڻǸС켸ΪԼǰĻӳѾһˣŻ»߹ȥӰĪвŴôʱûйһָо
ѵ˵ٰܹ˵ʱ仯ô𡭡ǻͷһ˰ôǰĲֵز
뷨Ҳֻж̶̵һ˲䣬ͿѾһŽ˽¡
ٶȸɴ䣬ĲоԼһŵһ¡
ǸŮ˱ôһȥͼѾˣֻʣڵϴ
赭д˵أ¶һ˿Ц
ͷĿѾɵ˵Ĳһۣ˿ˣҪҶ
ǲӶ·ˣֻǴص˵ͷŻµĶ
˵˻ֽ˵֫жŮҪʱ򣬻΢΢һ°ҲӦѾˡ
ͺˡ¿Ůˣḧ°ͣص˵ʲôҲ˵ˡ
ڻǸ쿴Ż£͵شһ

Ȼأӳˣ
Ǻò׸ϵͷֻѾʧˣֻʣǸС컹ԭأǸС쿴ǹˣ͸ظһղŻ
ǸڼȲܶҲ˵Ů˾ͱһߣƾӣѹҪ¶Ϊ⸱ֻϺȡ
ߵŮ˵ߣ۾Ů˵۾ƯҲ鶯ʱ˫۾ңʱƴգ˼۾ȻӺ﷢˼ģȴҪ˵ʲô
룬Ůʱ˿̻˵˵Щʲôأ
ⶼǲܵˡովͿǸ֣ȥ֮󣬾ͿЩĿ˵˵ͷǲǡԸ񰡣һԸرºͣһԸرбѪ֡
ôôأʡ
Ϊ˵ղҼƤˣ㿴ڻûˡⲶû˵꣬ţȥһͷ
ȵȣ
ﲢûκ˵ĻֱӵĳŻµķ˹ȥ
롭ҵ£ҧ롣
룬ҪǸһеˡ

滰ٻ

´ʱ˿Ѿ׷һ˵, Ҳͬϳ˻¡
Ż£ЩŤĵˡ
»ĳ߹ȥ, ûʲô, Ǹ˺һ, ԼԼ̬, ֱӹڵ·Ź
, ²û, ֱӳָһʹ졣
ۡӳ, ڻߵСҪһĴ, ŻһĽ˵
תͷ, , ˵ոտȥˣ
ԡǸͷ
ĬĬĶһ, , ܵ˾ҵĲˡ
תͷ߹ȥǸСƨƨߵ, , ӳСĵ, ǿء
ԸһԶмְ취ʱȻҪ, ӿ, ҪͨͺֱǵλûоٶǵĶ򡣡
˵ʱǸ͸󣬱ֳ˷ǳŬ, ı鿪ʼúܾᡣ
Ȼ̽µص
ԷѾôˣһ˵֪ҪץˣʱǵһǵĻһĲ
˵仰Ժ󣬶ǽǴ˺һЩϾĳһ˿Цݡ
ߵǸ컹ʲôŻµ仰ҲŹʼСĳǱ߿˹ȥ
ҪһǡСصѹһеʵôЩͶҪˡ
˵仰֮һԾ͵سڶǽǰĿϵıȾ˾֡
һ뻹ŻǺԶĵط˵ûôͻȻѾǵǰ
µǸСҲĿɿڴĿŻ¸ոȥĵط
ٶ̫죬Ĥ϶ֻһƬӰ
һֳ̱˾˵ıֱһŽΪ׵һ˸߷˳ȥȻŷҪǸ˸ײ
ӳأ˹ǸµĲָָɿĳǱ˹ȥǸЩãȻС
ӳһһߺӳһ£ȲҪ֣
תսǣȴһĻӸµĿһˣ漸ûκһ˿飬ľǼ֮ǰıһＴʹ뻪ºԶܸܵϢѹ
һ˲䣬·ֶԺһ顪
йڻòƳ˺ܶ״£Ҳǲڻ£ڴ֮ǰʵһֱһäĿεģȻҲһֱ¡
ڵľ￴Ѿһ൱Σյľˣ̹׵˵ûԼ֮ܶһЩôǵʱһֱѹ֣ҲΪЩֶѡ
⿴ֶ֪еĻʲô
ﲻӻôò˵ӵĻʵһ˿־֮⣬Ż£󺰵ͣ
µĶ΢΢Ķһ٣￴תͷȵĳ߿һۣеЩãȻ벻ģƺ֪ʲô
֪ԼıʲôӣҲĿ˻ڸʱı仯
µıƺ͵ؽӲһ£ֽӲȸոյһֻҪԣ￴ĺ֪ΪʲôԼҲž
ָоʱô£͵ͱò
Ȼתͷһ룬ϵĶûͣѾǸ˵ĸ첲жһҽУȻޱȵס°ֹͣҧԼеĶ衣
վԼ϶ľľġ
½˷ŵ֮͵صͷܿ۾ﻹûعԼһȻǺü䵽˵ϡ
Щһѷĳŵϵܹȥڼм·ߡ
ʶĸ·Ȼźɫ·һЩҲɿԱϳŵˡ
Щ˻µߣһ˻ͷԻµ˵һ䣬ˣʱûˣȥˡޱĵһ䣬ǡ
һֱȺ˳ǰʱģģĻع룬Ŷ⼸˲ǻͷҪ˽ɱ˵ˡŽҪץˡ
ˡڵȷڽŵ
ʲôôǰԲġ
Ĵ߾ʶҪȥקһȴȻܿȻĬļǰߡ
סˣǵûºûղȷ¶ԼһʮˣһδϿˣƢС
ȵعҪȥһ£ȴѾʧǰ֪ȥ

ʱȥˣڣҲѾԼ첻С˸һǺص
ҲԼʱôģĪľͳķȥˣȻرԼʱΪʲôŻ¡
һµǸǸɿ˵ڣҵ˵ԲһϹɡ
Ȼ⼸컪ڹһҪǾܹҵģ⼸ȴһֱӰ
⼸ܲãߵ˶ˡ󲿷˶Ϊʲôֻû¶ŪһЦŵһ°Ҹ
ҹʱ֣һݶϣһĿλε
ƺжתͷȥһۣȻһ⼸һֱڶŵӰ
ôˣ¾еΡǹģȻֱˣֱ˴С˼ĸо
ҡûʲô¡֮ҲЩΣǱ߽һᣬ뻪ĵط˸ط
ݶķȻңĴ̹ǡһЩˣͷϵǸλΣģյ˴ӹﶼɢһɺ⡣
ʵĻû˵꣬ͺȻӹһ·ˡ
µ䰡߲̫ʺϴţһȥɡ
ץס·ʵ֪µڹӦòֵطģӦǿ䣬ԲŻô˵
ոպĴҪ˵Ļ
µıɺƽ֮ǰÿμʱһκξҵĲ
һȻûͷûβһ䣬㡭۲۰
˵֮ûµΪشתͷȴֻڿ
Ǹ⡣̧ͷҲһش㡣
Ϊʲô
Ϊ˵Ǹ֣ĿǰҲǲġ
ΪʱǺҹͷλε˵·ҲȰҪεĶ࣬ºȻֵң˵ˣ˭֪˵Ǿ仰ģľ仰Ǽٵأ
뿪˵ЩʲôȴֺȻ֪˵ʲô
ܹѼٻ˵޷죬滰˵ͬϷԡµÿʱÿ̶ˡ
Ǳ߰Ҫ
ºȻͷЦЦЦз·ָֻǰɣˣˣҪٱˣһ㶼ķ񣬿ȥٴһðˡ
ȥԺ󣬻ϵЦŽĵһᣬһ˴
ǸС˼ЦŶԻµҪȻԺ󡭡СҪɱҪУ㴦ã
á߹˵Ц
ãûɫСѾͷѾܹˡ

һɧ

, ˵ûʲôİôܰһͷۡ
̰ɣ治ȷʵͦ˵𡣡̧ͷ, , ˭Ҳô, ԰ɣ
µ˵ͷתͷԼдֽݸ, , Сһ顣
ÿ˸ϰ, Ҫ飬дһ, ȫ, ״еرÿ, ҶҲرࡣ
ǰԼʱҲʲô鶼û, Щ״ЩֱСơ
Ͼ״ж鶼йȨı֮Ķû˻еûȥ翴Ů䡣
ѧһʹı, ¿ıر, ·һԼ¡ֲֿûг, ΪܿԼеı, Ҳ֪ǲǿ˻ֻЦģûЩ
һĶڿʲôأ̧ͷһдĶһ˹ȥ˱, С˵ܡ
ֻҪһյһǾԲŪʲôµġ
Ȩ̫ˣϾڳڰٲãƽʱӦЩŲ졣
˻ţʵе˰ڶҳ߿ŵѾüˣÿһŶľǸһͷ˳ŵʱ
ԼǸ˵Ĵ࣬ԼҪʲôϵװûһ㣬Բڱǰ˼ҿһ
ǻڲ߼Աʵ
۵˵ͷû뵽¥ԺȻѧôණۺȻԼ࣬Լһ˿µ
ĬĬĴſ߹ȥźȻһİۣ⺢²Щ⡭ôͻȻ¶ô־ı飿

ڲĵһδɧңǴӽϿʼġ
ĹĶǵĹ뷿ſڣСĵ̽ͷ档
ɵƻͨڽŵȴЩ˵ĹǣһȺͷߣɫȹˡ
㣬澿ǡôˣиССһߵˣǸ˻ͷĿһۣûлشֻСĶ˵Ҫʡ
һ仰㹻ЩСĹǸˡ
ͷߵ˴ӻ˳ΧĴСȥ˼ȺˣǶصı־ȫʶȤÿȥǵùͷ
˶ٰµ˵Ŷô㣿
ѾˡС˧ЩεĵϾҲĸ˶ѡҪõ̫࣬ܵľҪ𣿡
дźĵҸ׼һءôǰ׷ҵѪ
С˧֪ôһһдЩģʵһֱһ㣬ǻ¾ܱôٵģһȴôʵϢ
ЩϢ϶ǸĶйصģС˧֪ĽǿЩļһûһرѹֵĵط
Σ˶Լ᲻ᱻ粻ĻͻȻɱ
ЩļлҪעĳЩ˵ҲлΪĶĳЩ˵Լֿɹȴ񾭲ĸʵ
С˧統ʱЩʱ˼·ʵƫһ룬˵ЩĪǻ뷨ԲŻдֶ
һ룬ְ뷨˦Ժ˵ʵô޷ǾΪЩ̫дʵˣκθĻദˣΪдֶ
ЩȻǻԼģֻ˼״зʱµһЩѡ
״бԺƵĹǺԼĵֳ֣ԥټǸʱȷʵ״̫ãµЩĸʵζ¿žͦ˼ɴ˸
εϢǴǱ¶ȥĶ԰ɣµ˵аӣôȻܸСĳǿˡ
ȡ˭С˧΢΢һü
һ㲻ʶˡ½ʣЩļһȻС˧ڵ˻ѾɥʧǵʱˡȵȰɣٹ죬ϾҪԷʱܵҪࡣЩʧļݣҹƲ죬ӵǸﶼ֪
Ǿһʾû𣿡С˧Сʡ
ʾʲô̧ͷؿһۣұͿϵЩ˲˳ۣ紦á
Ǹ棬ˡС˧ѵ
ţ֪µ˵ǰӦȥŵˣõĻʧٵСٵͷͶ״

С˧ıȻһƬհףͻȻתͷЦŵ˵֪ô֪µǿһξŻĻ䰡
Ҳ롭С˧˲ס˻µ졣
ץץԼͷԵһܽӣʻ£أ
ϣ͸ˣֱҵҵͷˡ»ǰôǱߡĪһšŮݸȥˡ顱֮ЦЦֻϧҵλӦҵĻģԺԥľͰ͸ңһЩ˵
С򡭡
ǱԵףǼ̻ĲŻµʱŪɿܣžС򼸴λᣬû뵽һζûаס
С񡭡
С˧һ˹ȥһߺȲˮһϷʵǼ˵״ڲʮ֮С˧ѾһƬհס
뿪㡣ļȻҸ֪ʱʵҲûбö٣Ҫ롭
Ȼͱÿ˵ǿֻǻҪԼҳϵ¸ɱˣ˵һϢ˵ͿԽ赶ɱ𣿡

ӦáС˧޻ֻҡҡͷ
Щ˱ǸһػϳģôͻȻͱ
һֱվڽ治˵ĺŮָ΢΢սȻͻȻŭصȥɱǣ
ճȥûͱ¸
ǶҪ뿪һ㡣ߵ˴̨ǰԼһơ
ºһڣǰһƺ¥ʱغϣ¥ֹһδģı¼֮統һ̳ƣȵģڶᵶ׷طȥɱЩˡ
ʱ״е۷ڣᵶ׷Щʱ˶𾪵Ŀɿڴûһ˸ŭԹԶˡ
ǲŽĿ
Ǻ˵һ֮״о¥˵ģʹպжŴʱѡԹۡ
ǰһĻϱӵƺ޽ӽغϣĳؼ֮ȴԶҲҲӵ㡣
ƱһڣȻ䳤̾һôിĸ飬˶ǻãЩ˵ǮȨɫҪġ
˰ġ
ǶЩ˵ЩͬҪֲôҪƽصȻԼѡ·Ǿȥɣյ棬պ˭˭Ӯ˭˭ȫ
˵һںȸ˱еľƣŮĿţĿ⾹ЩˣС˧ǳ̾һ
ʱûδ⿴̫ͨ͸ˣĳЩϣֱԤϵ˺ڵзչһʱҲľҪǣԸʱһֹȰĵĸо
ʱԵø˺ܾõͷƵģһ˵ȤûС
ǹϢȥڻµˣ˳ˣǲǾ;䣬ȲùˣС˧ʡ
ΪشǵģϾЩ»ŪľƸһ㣬˵öڱЩְԽŹ˭֪һתͷߵܣôܣ
С˧ãȻ
Ҹ˰ǵָҼҧгݵ˵λµģжôԺҲһš

Ӱ

ǼżȻ⡱䱻˳, һҹ֮䣬˶֪˻ǸϢÿ˶ܻɫ˵ôһΡ
ڻڲ˵, ҲС, ΪЩָҪɱ򿴹ж˲õġˡ඼ŻһػϹģʵʵҳ
ҲͲһЩڿ֮кȻһ˿ŨŨĲ֮⡣
ĴһЩ˵, ΢οһ㡣ػһЩ󲿷ֶãȻ, һֵ˾Ȼ֮ȫ˻Ļ
һȻ𾪺ģʱûжԻʲôѵ飬ѡڻ, ۽ʲô
Ͼ㻨ٹ, վǶж֮ˡ
Ѿû¾ú˲Ҳ, ʼԼһʱѪͷľڿ˸˱Ƚϴľø, ҲһǴ
Ȼһ⣬ڼ뻨, ߸ɴ౼Ż˹ǾЩʧˣЩ, ȺĶ
Ǵ󲿷ֶƯõķӣȻһЩ־Ѿ, ȴǿĿ¡
󲿷ֵķӵ˷ĺ, ñ, Ƕһбķ˵ĺܺãһбȴǸķ£ɵӲŻδǰ;
ȺδضڻжôĹУųһڻ˸, һЩ˾ͿʼڲӪںˣԶЩˣҪȰǻͷڵ졣
ĥһ£ǰЩϸ˵ļ¡ϸ˸췭ظĳΪ
ڻˣҪЩȽɵҵġһ߿һߵ͸ô˵˵ڲˣˣԺҪ⻨ľ͵øҡҽҪɵɹλȻҪǾ¡
⼸λΧģ˳⣬ֱɱ浫ǴɱδģΪȰ뻨Ҫ˼ƽʧȻģڻ³ֵ·ƾԼ뻯ṦͻȻȻ󱧴ȵģԼְŶдã׼ɽֽ·غġ
ôˣԱߣĬţĬš
Ǵڱ϶ѾַˣַĺʵУӰ˶˵ʲôԵݼϾ۶ôݼȲʵķӦ
⼸ڿЩˣǶǻ´ӻǧѡ˲š
ȻͶǵȺˣǿʰʰ˵ӦҪɱ˻棬ǸʵǿҪӦʱǾͰǵšµЩ˺ôʱ˼ɱȥڻҺˣܲñ˼©ЩӦͦõġ
ĬϤĳĬ
ˣ㲻˭µԵ𣿻֡һӣЩҲԵĳ룬͸˵໨Ͷǵˣ˵һ㡣
˵꣬ڲǳĬˣһСľֵңҲҪô˵
Ͳ˰¶СЦ۾ˣҰأҲɫͻңȻʰ

ԺȺ˴ţȻ󳤳̾һ
Ǵǰһ֪ĳĪľֽС
ǰǼˣļɣ˾ӵģϰ߾ͺá
ǽô죿и˳üĵȥӶѾҺˡ
ǾͰԭƻ֮ǣΪұѾַˡڼʹҶѾ֪˴˵⣬Ҳûǰԭļƻߣпʵ
ҡϵӵصȥ˵ıе
⡣˵ͷʱǿؿԳ乫ûһȥǱʲôģǮ
ˡԭСһֱڿǡһŮָųıӣЦеŹ֣΢΢ƫһͷɻǸرȻĮӣûУһжǻ˵İš
Ӳˣ϶ҲǱһɣҲŵˡ˭뵽һֱڸ顣ʣµļ˺ľͽҴ˳
Ҳûзֻǵ˵飬ʵҲҪˡ.ΨһҪ֪ǣһҵˣ˭أ

ԴϢԺ޵յ˲ֵǵĿ⡣
档
ΪΪҳϡļˡ˿һȫһ֣֮ڻڵãԼʹʱҲԸðĹ˽¸ʱ͵͵ĸһۡ
඼ػһĹЩвٶǸСģͬá
⼸Ҳûôţڱ˿ڹӣñ濴˾ΣߵֱҪ
ʵԼ⼸ĶجΣУĥˡ
ֻߣμСٵ
СʱһֱŲ˼
һδ˯оѣͻȻˣֵĵ˭
£㡣һϤԹҡ
˵üͷһôȥ
ĴߣʵЩ˿Ժûˡ
ˣǶԻĹˣĪһԵס
¿˭֪
һ£ͺݵ
˷ˣͿˣƫƫеʱͻôһ¡
У潫дЩֱǺֱ֣ǵͷһ
Ψһҵľǳ⣬ڻ˴ŶǱŪˣУֵĲôۡ
ǽĻ桭¶˵ʲôЩ˾ͻһӵϽ˺ķˡ
̧ͷһ⸱ӣͲǲѾ͵͵Ŀ޹üˡ
ϾһֱԻĹʱ͵͵ı˻һᡣ
ȻﶼҪɱˣֲûһĹˡ
ޡĵһֱһӣ⻨̵ĻֵУһĨ۵ķ羰
ղμʲô̧ͷʡ
ﾾһ£ܿʶӦôģ͵ͷЩԹ̾һ
Ҹոգμ˴ˣأ
˵꣬ҲĹỨ
㣬ѹ֪ʱҪסԼݣõľӦȷˣֵһίȴԸ˵ӣ˲ᣬǿջЦһ岻ã룬Ҿô˾һʱߣûʲô
ԼţݼӲȰοСʱŰԹϳһЦݣ̾һȻذɣ⣬ñ˿ˣͽࡣ
˵ͷת뿪ӣ˿ıӰϵĵ

βɫҲдƣĪԵЩ䡣
˿µְôĵˣҪɱˡЦ룬Ϳ˵ͦҵ⣬ֻɲܰҸǣ氡

Ա֮ì

еĳСС, һ˳̾˵ܹ»ӳ𣿡
ܡڳϵٺͿҲǹ, Ȳ㻪ӳ¿¾ûˡ
ôأЩãȻﻹͣڻһӡ, ȻôͱôҪˣ
˵ʲôͷҲ֪浭ص, ǰŵʱ, ζ֪, ȵҳ, ⣬Ϊӿ϶֪ˣû뵽ߵҲԻĵϸһ֪, ˾ʯͷһ
õһż, żѾ˺, Ǻ汻ƴӺõ, յŵʱԼҲãȻ, ²žʲôдǡԸ, ֻҪ;Բᱳ㡣
λׯׯҲͦ˼, ۾ԼżȥʱῴǸһµŮˡ
ׯׯݻػ֪ʲô, ڵǶŮûʲôȤ, 󲿷ֵȤзˡǸˡϡ
ԽԽˣԸ潻ر࣬ʱһ, һֱ˵ϡ
Ҫûˣǰϡʦ˹ƾͻˣϧ롣
ǰй֮Ϊ˱ǣһֱԼȳһȣȴû뵽Щ
ʱҲ룬ԼܹҲĪһ£·𱳺һֻڰһѾҪһӴŵ׼ˣһһ˾Ȼʮͤ
Щ浱ȻûиԼ˵ܾɵ˺ȣҲһǴ
Ǹͷǳ˼
ʵ˹ˡСĵϡи˺ȻסңʻʦѾҪˣҾûиȨ뷨УæҺǵݹһơ
ôأŷº
ôܺȣֲɵһı飬˶̾˿˵⻹ɵɱˣưͲúȥء
Ƿ˸ۣȻ˵Ļҹͬ浹ûм˵ȥüΪʮͤҲ㰲ȫģû뵽ھȻҲѾǸ˵֡
ʶԣһο˷ֱߵǷš
ֻҪ;Բᱳ𡭡

Ƚ⣬Ϊϯһ˵θС
˸߸ߵ棬ĵλϴϺܸߵˣһԲֻǰĺȾơ
滹мҲͬϯϣǰҹ˵С֮ġϯһǻ˻ĳϣƫƫ죬ͳĬĿ¡
ȾưкţƺûǰǼµĴ㣬ıźŮһֻõţﱧ櫡
΢΢˿
Ŀǰʱû£˵һ£ȻڳһЩ˵Ǻ޲ûøŵġ
֮ǰ˺þã磬Ȼһɴɱɱ
ڿҶáСĵĿһΧЩǣһ
ѻ̫ˡ
һߺȾƣһ§Ż櫣櫿ֹŹֵķΧ΢΢ЦЦȻĵĸ浹˱ƣĶ˵仰
֪ܲһأȾأ仰еľƱͻȻ򷭣ʪԼȹӡ
˶Ŀ⿴
櫵Ĵ΢΢¶һ˿Цǻĵļ֮һԻֽĳտʱ櫻ЩԼλᱻǣأǻ沢ûôӦĲű
ǼʹˣҲ˳ۣԽҪ赶ɱˡ
һ櫣֪ġǰΪԼݣȷʵװһʱáȱľѧܸѧ
û뵽ʱݵһξȻ櫸ǺˣʱⷭСЬ
ǣŮ˰
￴ű򷭵ľƱԥһᣬҧҧվͷϿΧκˣǲĻ档
ۿĺһᣬȴ߳λϯ롣
ػϵʱҲŮȶˣڶҶһ㡣
趼ëһȴļ٣ֻҶڿ籩֮䣬һӵ̾Ϣȴԡ
澲Ŀţû˵κλеıӵǽķˡ
櫿ĵ룬ʱίҲûʲôˡľġ
ڻˣǰһĻӦҲĺİɡֻϧһĶϣҲԸ࿴һۡ
ϯ֮ϵʵǻ£С˧硣ǻ£ô˵пһݵãƾݼڻˡ
ݵģֱЩҳ֮˵ıûκβﻹݵ۾ֱܹˡ
һˣһ˾Ĺ棬Ⱥ淢䡣
С˧ҲǸģ֮ǰ潻Ǽ£ֿ˿˵һϯϣ֪жٸ֯ڶſȥֲ֪ж˻ϯϷ顣
͸ʵͦģòпȺ˵ϵ
ҲԽ棬Ȼ־£ӦԷ
º˿˹ƺԥһ£ֱ˶ɵ̬ȡ
ɡصȴڵϣ
еֳĬһᣬʵڿȥˣðΣ˹ȥקǿаקˡ
ʱ˿̣ǿбαװĺƽһδơ
ͷʱ򣬺Ȼ֣С
һ飬ΪԼʲôæ̧ͷȴֻĬ˺ܾ֮ǡǲǶԹ
ңŵæͷԼ˵һᣬԼͷҪûˡ
ƺ˺ܾúܾãжǼžġ

泤̾˿׽͸ʲôĶԼˣЩҲֱ˵ˣ֮ǰǶǺܲǶ¼ɣҵĲԡ
˵֮˷׷׹أﶼ˵šңҡ
ǼȻɣҸһλᣬ֤ǵҳϡ滺ص
ŹڵϵëȻص㡭ȥţԵȥ֤ҳϣô



˵ʱǸ㵵ı, е֣ʱǾ仰ʱ飬¾ûԼѾܲˡ
˺ö˶˵һԵ, ɵһǵô˵Ƥӵ¡һ㶼ɽ˵ֶΣʵھͻϯǵԵס
ôԵ׵棬һԼġҳ˵ȥԵ׵飬һ˵һʹһκһͷпǻԿв
¾õǱ߽ӵϢ, Լһҳ֮ƾǸֶΣ˵
ͬɵŵĹ³Ҳж, ԼʹǸ͵͵ĴС, Ǹ˵Ը񣬲ҸŪ¾͸ա
һϯ, ϲЦտǼɫЩҰ, ǳĿ
ߵ, ̵˵Ǳ, , ֮Ҳʲô£Ƕһ֤ԼĻԲԡ
οɫûһ˿תøӵĲҰˣ˶ΪûһǴʱ˿̵ɫΪʲô᾿ÿ
ΪԵףھȻҪɵһطȥԵ, ˻֪ô£ǵͷȴǰġ
һϢһռˣҪðһر𴩵ķգƾŻµΧҲ֪ǵݱȥ˶Զ
˵ļһأЩﱧһ˿΢ϣ뵽

һֱŴʵǸ˶ĳŹ˵ֻĴӦҲѾ˵ɣ
ȻѾ岻ˣһֱдԣܹɱֻ硣⣬Ҳɱ
Դӽ·ݳֹһ֮󣬾Ҳûټˣɱ˻棬ʲô취أ
¿һ֮Цˣֺ־Цݣ˵硣
ڶǸžֵĿĴӺת˳ޱ顣
⣬ǡ
ŵǳľ֣ϳ˻¾ǰʱ䱻˴Ǹνġɶӡ˿žֵţ΢΢Цһµ֪žáôأ
һ¡ŵͷ϶亹һ룬
Ǹųȥ֮ϷʵԻ˵ܺ㰦磿
ĶȤζ̫ˡµصܲôĵ磬һܸ˵ġ
ԺЦһᣬֵҺ֣ûϰ߶ѣϰˣô۱ô㣬㶼ֵġ
㡭ȷһüëĬĬĿˡ
˹ĵӣĬĬķһۡ
û³ȥҡײƭĵһ졣
˿Ż£ѾüεĸпŵȺ˹ڵӣôǾԲΪǼٵġ
¶ЩǼһƭһ׼ЩЩǲ˳˵ģϾһξۻ棬˵һ㶼ǸģЩԼԼС˼ЩС˼ڿˡ硱֮ɢ
˾ȻҵʧõĽһˣ硣ܹҵҲͰˣȻƺΪɵ
Ǹһֱֵģ¥Ⱥˡ
ɵ˿ԺһҪ˽ͲŻ׻µݣ¥ǼڿԺֱӾֵĵ磿
㿴¥˶ô硣Цŵɼ統Ǻܳɹˡ
˵Ϊ꽭Ϲʱȥ¥Ϲ˺ܳʱ䡭ǰ˳ѣҪ֪ԼĲ־Ȼã²Ҫֱ
Ǹˡǲе죿ĳˣ
ɽɴǸԺֵµЩ˶˵ҲĪľЩ죬ȴ벻˭
ϧˡҡҡͷĪĸпһ䡣
ϧʲôɽɵ˲ԡ
룬ϧ˾Ȼһ˼ĹǸˣɽ֪ĶҪȱɸһ㡣Ͼɽ£һӴ塣
ںܾǰģɽҲ֮飬һĹƵĵܾ͸ǸйأʱգɽѾɥʧ˶ԷӵĿȨһЩܵҲѾˡ
ԵԺֶ֪Ȼǿǵġ
ܹסУ¾ܹưˣǻɽɵУôµһɾӦǻɽˡ
ϧҪףҲ֪ĸʲôŴ
е뷨ֻȥôһ˲Ҳô΢΢һ˲ܸϱӵĳʱ̲΢غϣҲûС
ϱΪǸѡɱأ¥Լ
ΪϱӵҲĳһƵ뷨ڱ¶ˣǸ˾ֻǸֻǵľԺ
ϱӵЩ鶼Ѿȥˣûܹ֪ϱӾʲôϣҲûκһܹ֪뷨

ֹ죬󲿷ֵŶǸ˴˻ػǵĻػǣԡ
⼸ǸЩţڲαˣֻλ£ϲû°һһĲ𿪣Ȼ
Ϳ˻ˣÿ쿴ЩԼԴģʱĪľϱӲμֵλĽĿ顭
ǿĶҲô̶̵ļӣǿҲĶɺЩǼҴҵĳ嵽̨·ʱԼŶױԱŴ˺ѷεĳԱǺʱһ㣬һƬҵʱ䣬һ㶼ġ
ڣ¾ԼǸôȵˡ
ɫĬǣĻϷֽСɱ硱
⼸춼еϱӵЩɱˣڲ߻֯ʱӦҲȹһʵ׵ʱɡ
˵ʲôʱɱãǸ״еʻ£Ϧô
ҾòǺܺáĬĬص춼ŻؼҹأǿѴҶקǿܻ᲻ĵġ
ðɣðɡǸƺЩεĿŻ£ȫ㣬˵ôô
룬˵һϦʱ䲻ӣǸԺϲЦտ˵ˣ¿㶨ġ
ָһ㡭ҲͰˡ
еС
ɼⱲݵͦɹģȻµô硣
һԳţһ߲ţڲĳһŵʱ򣬺Ȼһ㶣˶
ôˣʡ
ϴ飬ҾǿԺúõĿһ¡һһϵ֣ĩŵ
ʮͤ



⼸ŵ˿µĿⶼЩ
ԭһšѾˡ
ɡļٵ, 粻Ѿ֮ǰŻȷϹôأҪû͸Ųͳ˴𣿡
һʼҲţܲס洫б۵ġ
滹˵ڽѾʧ˰, ʵջͷŵʱ, 綼Ӧʧˡ
綼һֱûڽƫƫʱˡ˵ǲΪǸʲô
ꡭ
һǸĴ, ܲסһȺ˳ڱ, ʱһҲЩˡ
Ϊ¶ֵ÷зģҲһˡ
˵ôƫƫʱأ컪», պ˺ܾǰ̹书һλϴүЦŶϴү˵ͱˡҶûô, οˡ
, С, ¡ǸϴүŻ, Īĳ̾ġ
ºЦĿŴү̾˰, Ȼ˵, ˣôðƵĵʱҲ͸ˡ
ɵûг֣ǽǸˡϴүչСĵ, , һӦû˭ˣѵǹ𣿡
иүͬ뷨кü»ϸ㼸ͬȰҪܵġȻʵǡ

磬ȥ¶ߵи˺Ǳǲǻˡ
˵˲Ҫˡķһ䣬Цŵɲ, ǴⶣģϤϤԺŲñŤ
·˸ۣȻŵȥպþͳǸԡ
ǹŵһ£һֵĵңңȻ󱻻һס죬Сߵꡣ
𣿡Ӻݶһ˻µߣϸĶ죬ڼ仪һֱŹ죬ƴţ۾ɵԲ
ԣȵȷԺ̧ͷЦǸԻҳϵļŮ֮һߡ
ǣ

ǰոձɵߵطûϤ͸أͺȻץ˹һתԼͱ˵档
ɭɭģվ·ﶼҪܷˡҪ첲ȴס
ҺúõĿʱһ߽˵棬һ̧°Ϳ˿ȻЦƯĹֻϧĹȻҲû˻

Ի֡ʱη߽һˣʶǰץˣԻһƬģһ֪Ĳ顭»治Ը̫࣬ƽʱ۲컨۲쵽ĶӦҲ㹻ˣûһǶɲĵġ

¿λǰԱʮͤԱżĬĬĸ˸
絽ţò˳Ż·ӻŻͻЩҵҪúù滮滮أ˸ץˡ
ػžмŶûи㶮أԱߵʾ⻪°ѶĲó￪ڵһǣԩ
ԩʲôüͷҸ㣬㲻ҪˣСݣһǰѾ֪ͨˣҾ㣬ٸһףʵ֪йڻϢȫһһʮ˵
ʿʼʱˣ̫ûûʲô˼Ȼ˳ڶԷʱ˵ʮҳ˶İģ˵;ͼɻأװƭʵ˵ԼʮͤԵס
˶Ի浹֣ʱˣȻڣ˵ͷβġʵǸЦŶԻ˵ҪһЩʮͤش˵ɻء
µʱһڶ
Ϊɶʮ֪ͤʶ˽ıȸŵ˻١ΪѹûʮͤһֱڻǱŵԵס
Ҫ˵컨׹ܰ˵컹ͺסһֱĸԸڻ浱νġԵסʮͤ˽̶ȿ»ûŵĶࡣ
еûöˣֻѵ֡¿ʮҳйĪĸп
˻öĥ
ڶԻĹʧһˡǸԻ¸˵磬֪һµʲô
֪
ǵ뵽֮еʱȴûһ˻˵ܹĹ˲ģԶףֵ¶ҳϵкܶ࣬ʵûмһǸ˾Զˡ
ǡ
գ״Ѿ̫õһεĳ˻ϣɫȹӣͷҵĸһڽһһ߿ĵĺţŮˣҲԵװһҪϲ鰡УΪ̫ˣԲŻô˵ȥƭǵĹ
һƬҡ
ĺһ裬ЩĲ̡ԱߵĺŮ߹Сصˡ
˵кܶ˱ŵˡµֵµ˻𣿡
á´˵кܶ˶͵͵Ϊ֮ǰı˶˺ܿףǴεľǳ´ˡ
а¸пһ䣬ڻôӶడ
СŮֵ֮ǰΪϢ㣬ڰٲøһϢˣеػҪӦ𣿡
ţΪʲôػЩãȻҪһػҲˣŵİۣ첻ǳԾ˯ģżͶιóԵģһȦˣоһСӹͦģΪɶѾ˼Ҫػ
˵ϲڻŮСضԻ˵ڰٲǱ̫ˣ
ͻȻеΣԭԼڲ֪¾ȻԧˣֱŪһ
룬Ҳû೤ʱˣͶԺŮ׼ˣٵȼ죬ӦҲܾã֮ϲĸ԰ϡ
ǡ
Ѿ˸סȻȥˣл˶ĿţһЩûвμӹĹǶãȻĿţʲôЩ֪ܶĹڵӰº
в˶ڿҰЦŵ
ֻϣǹʱ伯ʱ򣬲Ҫ̫ŵ



, Ź𣿡
ˡôˣ
û¡С棬Ը˵̫, ͼ򵥵ص, ȥ˯, 컹Ҫء
áӣڴ, ﻹڴ
˵ǰɱɱͼʲôأ
˭֪ܸоͦȫģǾǼС, Сĵ, ӦҲҵǵͷ
ˡȺɱŲʲôͨ˲ͨء

Ҳģҵ˵߲̫ƽ, ʱǵ, ȵҪµĻһǰ֪ͨǡ
ڴϾĿ컨, һԼͷĽ
컪ûл
ҹڷߣһ˵Ӱݶϴ
⼸춼һֱûлذٲãѾŵβˣһæûʲôʱ, Ǻ»ٲôȥʲô鷳
Ҫʻ⼸쾿ڸ˵, ơ뵱ŴһȺȥɱʱ, Ρвûпһ, Ҳû¥ʲô, ǾǶرġ
ʱһжôˡ
ڣƲ㣬ԾҪŬơ⼸ҪһƬ, ƴӪ߰
⼸콭Ϸзģ˴ǿ硣ͬʱĸӷзҪɱ˻Ĵԡ
˶˵ͻ֮伴һսǶڣѾ׼õĸо
ȻͣŴǱ߳һˣı䡣
ϡ˵߽֣Ծ͹һû뵽Ŀ˸˵ﰡǽ߳ǻûСؤһɵӣϸĿڵֶǽŵģ޷Ƶһ״̬
¿·ڵıʷһô䣬ʵһֱ¶Դ·һɶŪ̬ȵģǺ˵ʱҲûô࣬ǽһ
ոճȥЩ£ڻɱû·ƤЦ
ǡ·صһ˵ڣԼԼһ¡
Ѿܳʱû˵ˣϾƽʱҲòڡ
ʱҲͦ·ģ˻µĻǵûôЦŶԻµû뵽Ȼʶҡ
ˣԱ߸ڻ˿վǱߵ·Żʾ·ͻȻôһˣҲʲô£ֻЩ鷳
Ҫ߰ɡ¿һ·ʲôûж˵ת뿪
ȺҲ½½ĸ뿪
·Цݽڻ뿪֮һ֮Ȼɫ͵ز԰ϥһֶĲͣǳ˷һ
Լܾ࣬Ҫﲻľ뵽ղǸ˿һۡ
ֲ̫ˣǲ֪Ǽ£ģڿҲڹŹһͨ
·ǿԼ˸ղ˿һΪԼһ
Цһ£硭Ǹ
졭Ҳǿˡ·Цһ£ȻԼԼ΢һ㣬Ųǵ˻ȥ
½ǳûտһˣתͷֿһˡǰأӭȻ߹һϴѩߣ۾ûκο׶ˡ
˺Ͷڻµıؾ֮·ϣȼע⵽̧ͷɳƵˡ
üûΪʲôһͻȻͺһߵ˺Ȼ׷׵£Ϣġ
Ƕ
͵ʶղΪʲô⸽һ޵ζڱʵԭڶһĶôģƣôһĶҩʵһЩԣߵ⼸˶ƵˣҲûֵܵסֶҩҩҲʮͤеġ
˶棬˵óŪҩʮͤҲöⶫĵ㣬ʡ˼ҵĵ
沢ûж˵ʲôͻȻһѵǰϲõǽȥʮ֮ͤҲŻһ˵
͵뿪ԭأͼ˲ոڵλáæͷһ㣬ñܿĵ档
ûͦģͷ¶βĶ˵ûΪʲôȻ벻ɱ磬ҲԼԼһ˿ԡ
ոյǸȻҪҲȷһĶоԼһ˿ĸоָо˵زأ˵᲻ᣬܵ˷衣
û뵽ȻͦڣˢӵġҩʵҲãϾ֮˶̾ˡ
µʱһپ仰Ҫղž͸оԼЩˣټҩһ̼ڷַҪɱˣƴѹԼɱ⣬Ͼڻļǵöǽ
ȻѾˡǾҿ㵽Ǳ˭ɳĿܰɡĶ͵ؼ١
кºԽòԾˣ涯֣Ϊôʱ˿Լһ顣
תܡ
ڻµ׷ᣬһѹԼַɱһװһ֮ززԼҪˣҲ֪ʽ̫åȻ֪ô׷
׷ҸϵʱŻͶһöڣ͵صͷȻǷǸϣˡ顱һ
ƽʱһԼСһ㣬Ҫ̫ĶѾ˲ˣֻܻܡ
ǻ˼ֵúܺ棬ǾͰѴƿ˿մ򿪾ͿǼ͸ذף˲һʱǱ˳Ǳ߿ȥŴ졭
ºһ·ֳĶͦ󣬲һ֪ڸʲôЩ˵ܹϳµġ硱
žһδҲ̫ˣʵڲȻͷѵɡôʱϵɱҲ͵رǡ
ʵȻﵽһ֮ǰûмĵزȻ͵˹ȥ̽˻ϵߡ

ʱ֣վڰٲõſڣɫĪЩ԰ףԼŬļһЦݣȻЦݼ˰춼ЩֵֹģԼǿԼıָƽʱ״̬
Ϊû˵ģһžͷһˡ
ô⣿¾ȵĿ·ԱߵĻƽôҲˣ
ЪЪ·ܲ˵ΪȺԺʵЩ׼⻺һٻȥİɣ
㣬ǴĻģ·üë¡
»û˵ͻȻк˺ѷε
ˣˣϳˣ

ɽ

СĴ̶, ⰲһ
¼װ°Ļͷһͷ·ض, ҪϿʲô, ûгɹ
в˶Сȥ, Ҳĸ˹ȥ
·ͻƽҲڻµ˵º潻ֲԶĵطŵΧһƬڲŵЩ˵ݡ
Щ˵Ȼǲ鲻, ϾǸֵʿǱҪɱ̬, õĶҩر
Լûʲôо, ȻЩ˵, ҩرʹ, ȫˡ
ʵƽʱ, ӦʱЩ˵ʬģжԺҲ̫, ˸طúõĻһ, Щ˾ûļʰ
ͷ뿴ûʲôط԰һֵ, ȻͿ·һֱڶ͸һûĪЩëȻ
㡭㿴ҸʲôЩµʡ
ûʲô·ͷת˹ȥ
Ǳŵ˻Աߵûʱ, һ˾, ƺ˺ܴľĵ, ֪Щ˭ɱģ
˭ŵæ˹
ҿˡնĵ硣
ΧʱһƬȻ
ҹ͵͵濴һ, պþͿˡǸ˵ƽʱ˵˵飬һ۾ϳˣҵʱһһֱ׷Ϻһߣ·̫ȵˡ
㣬Ϲ˵ŵȺ֮ɫűˣŻ˵˵Ҫεģ
ҡҲˣȻ˵
ʵҲˣҹҳСš
̶̵ڣվʮˣŵĲԺʶѾԼԹܵˣǵǼҵĶúõĸһ顣
֪ʱԼӦҲŻˣǾ͸˹ȥȥʱ·һֱƽΪһεЩ£һֱûô¡
㿴ʲôأƽʡ
ڿǲ֪֪治֪ĵˡ·ص
ԼԽԽ߻ħˣ̾˿
ǸСؤҲֻ⽭ϵ˱ôѰˡ

˶ɫҴң˵Ǵˡ
̨ĵˣ׼ȷ˵ϵ˾ĿǰΪֹûһҶǹⲻ̼һ֪̫йصĶ
ѾȷˡǸӦþ磬ȷšһͷʢ˵
ʢԼ̫ѨǼ̫˼ˣ˭ϵ¶ѾٰˣȻðôһӣ
ġǺҪ䶯̫ˡ
Ψһֵҵǡ֪ΪΣ˲ûгǰЩʵģʢ֪ǶԷѰð˭ǵĸһӡ
һӡʢԳЦЦĴ֮öûȷõ仰
ֻô˵żֱһĪĳ衣
ֵǸϴ𡭡ʢ˼ĵǲԣкü˶ô˵ˣֻûʲôӣΪ˶ֻǴӲ濴Ǹ˵ġ
һᵽʢʵһʱ뵽˻
ڻ߼ֱһ˱رĶ˻Ͳеڶط߷ĵģʢ˳µľ뵽һرеĴԡ
˵γɽΪɱ˵ģڽϵĴ󲿷˿һеľٶΪǺܿ־޻档
ֻʢ֪ԼͷҪŪˣⶼʲôʲô
֮ǰﲻĵ˵𣬶³ǵڶǵһһ
˵֮ǰˣϾ֮ǰǶԻһֱֻƲ⣬һжֻԼϹµģ
ˣȫˡ
ӣʢ˿ԼжˣҪ˸˵֮ǰΪ鶼Ǵģһʵ֪£һֱˣǣʢǾŻǸԸġ
ͬʱҪʢ˵Ǹ³ֵǻų۷Ҳš
ò˵ʹڻѾ̫ѡˣڴӡôļȶʢһ֣Ͳһ⡣
ʱð統Ļʢ룬ôΪʲôҪʱ˳ɾҪµƣɱ˻Ϊ¹ġ
Щˡ˳ɾðɱģЩ˾˵ȫԱǷӣǳڻĻ
һȺˣðɱˣ֤µһжԹϵġ
ȷɱȺˡ
кü˶ᵽǿ˵ӣʢҪúõעһ£˵ڿܻû̫Զ⸽ˣôһƬһ£˵ҵ
ʢЩһһ˳Ȼͽ˻½СĵİԼĲ²
һüë˵𡭡Ǹ˵ֱӾͱ˻ˡ
Ҳôԣܿġ
Ͼһֱƣô˵һƵĺû
ǸľͶĻôһҪСһ㣬þͲҪжˣһҪȫԼʢһһĽЩ
ʵܵͻȻ⸽ΪɱµģϾ紫һĻˣĸ汾Ķǡ
ã֪Цŵİɣһֵܷĳصġ
ϻ»ؼҵʱ򣬿ö̻˾֮񣬲˵Ŵصأ߻˶ľ塣
صٲõʱ򣬿ٲҲĹţ֪ΪʲôЩһŽȥͷ滹ֵͦġ
ϣˡһ»һİ̾㲻֪ŵ˹еĽҩˣǱ͵á
ⲻǸ𡣡Сһ˵ǸͣȻҴɱ棬ⲻһ˵ҲµҪˡ
ȿȡƽɤӡ
ʲô¾ȵĿ·ͻƽ·Ż£Ļ˻֣ƽǻ£ְͷת˻ȥ
硣˹Ȼƽʱһޱ飬ܾ۾ģŵ˵߲Ű
žͲ¡ͷЦŵ˶Σհɱúգɲʲô¡
ߡƽŻһ
ȫûˣȥ滻˸·ʱйĻ⣬ΪΰԵǵһôˣԵһֲͬζ
˵Ϊ˴ɱߵģܲɱ˻氡ƽĵ˵
Ҿáһ·Ī˵
ΪʲôһѽһΣ˵
Ҿÿ϶Сնصʲô˰˵ˣųֶһɱһôСȥɱ棬ѻʯ
³˿ƽͷλϣƺǺʧӡ
ҵòһȻ˵ϵΪΪ
رᶨ˵Ứô࣬ôҪɱ˻棬һɹġ

ʮͤС

¾Сͦо, ȻʦͨȺڵĵǿǷĪЩĶ¡
ûӻ磬Ҳôȥˡ
緹, ֳŹһȦ, в˶¡˵ڴҿҲʲôˣǸ, ƺҸ׽ģкܶʵ˷ܵġ
û˵ڿܲ⣿и, ֲýŰҰء
˽˵һ治ŵ˴硣Աһ˵, ϾҪɱ, Ҫܰѻɱ, Ǿ̫ˡ
ǰǾ̫ˡ
ǱĬĬ˰죬һ˺Ȼ, ĶС˵˽ȥ
֪ˡ

¹ȥʱ򿴼Ǹ˵ɫҲ˵ϲŭ, Ͼô, ôҲ㲻ÿġ
Ǹһ, ƵµҲȫǵ˶Ҫɱ£ٴŭҲ˼Ƣˡ
˭ʡ
ǻ档µͷص, Ҳ֪Ȼ
ǸƺǳĬһᣬȻҡҡͷ, ܴлųѾʵ˲ˡֻʱôͻȻ㣿
ĬĬصͷѽ˰˰ٱ顣
ʱͻȻɱ˳, ɱĲ岻ģðæڹ
ˡ˵ԺᣬȿʮͤǱɹˡ
磬¶ˣһᣬ²Լǰ쿴ЩͶ֯棬дʮͤ֡
ڵʱǸǳ𺳵飬ϾʮͤǸ˿ԳƵѪ֣ʮͤձ鶼Ƚͷ˵͸˺ܾãҲֻ͸ôڲԱ
µΪʲôʮͤô͸ģֵطֲûȥһ㳤Ǳļ϶ǱسɷĿȥģ΢ôܳԿķӶȥ
Իʵ͵͵һйʮͤڲģûи˭鱨Ҳ澿ûյ
ʮͤ¹ĬһǸط˽⣬ļôױѵġ
ʱͬաǸЦŵ˵ʦһֱãʮͤڲҲһȺӣӶĵطҰҲ͸ǿң˾˵һλõʧߡ
ʧߡ
¸һʧߵ𣬾Ϳűƿˣ߽һˡ
˵ǴȻİģ˵̬ҲȫȻİģ֪ΪΣһ¾ͺȻëһ
ʮͤˡǸ˶ԻЦŽܵҲǻʦѣֻʦγԺ󣬾Ͳôϲˡ
ǲϲҼˣֱˡǸ˵ȥ£סϲĸζλ·
ţػ
֪Ƿǳ׵ģȷ˺üΣǾԲ˴ģ˵ݵϢһǶԵϵġ
˲߲ݣ֣һƽƽ˹Ŀ¸пʵʺϵְҵӦǸ㰵ɱҪ¥һص
硣ȥ󲻾ãºȻ˺⼸ʲô׵ĵط̴֪ͨˡ
ǣ

ȥ˵ʱǸ棬ڴϣҲ֪ڸЩʲô
ô׼Ϣ𣿡ʡ
һӣȼ
Ǹ˺񲢲ϲ˵Ҳûô⣬ŵ
Ǹû˵֪ʮͤʮֿصģȻҪ֪ĵλҲǽȡ
ˣҾȡԱߴ½ǸһĵЦŶԻµ
֮ЦøջƵģΪҿһγ֡һǰԵʱǸѪȵ״Ƚӡ
ڼʹ˵¶ܴ΢µĸо
⵹Ҳ֣ϾÿŻ¶⸱ӡ
´Ӳϰߵϰֻ˶̶ʱ䣬˵ȥɡǸ˾͸жµ뿪ˣ˻æŸˡ
ÿ˶ûǸɱ˲գ۵ˡʵҲ⣬ϾǸڴģ˵ˣʵȽʡ¡
һжҪӴ˵İšµض˵㲻õطҾͺˣҪǰ֪¡
һӦʵĶҪʡڶӦÿĶҪҿ
µر䣬Ҳʱĥļܣѹһ䣬𣿡
ˡ
ĿЩľګ¾еɵҲľľģֲûʦԸѡӰˣﻹû𣬻Ҳѡ
ϵΨһŵ㣬ر޳¿˸Լһ裬˫ֿżֱ͸һÿĻ綼ѹ
½ԺתҪ뿪˳ӵϢ泭һݹȥתҪ뿪ʱȴͻȻʣʲôλ
⻰еĪƵӣüͷһ˵´ٸֻҵɱˣû˻ҵĵλ
Ѱ˼еçһлôšͷһɱȥȻĿԷҲһƬƤ
ƺҲǱɱ̼ĹǺԻ¿͵һգĿʶԼڱ˼ҵĵһеݣԳĬһᣬڻǰַ
ͱȽо򡣻ĵ˵ͷҲ̫ɵϾʶԼǼˣٶ֡
պҲĸʹһЩ
ˣ֪ˡ˵ذɡ
ߡһת뿪صĹš
ãյյ˲õĵͻȻϨˣ·Ǳһһ
ȵ»˰ٲúôŶﲻͺм±ԼһǼӦúҪ벻
ڹ﷭ȥ˺ܾãȻȻֹŹֵĸоʲôط
ȥǸѾˣΪԷ׼˯Բ򣬵ǵԼʱϵǸ򡭡µġ
ƺû˵һ

ûǰ΢΢е˯⣬ǳ˯ˣʼڴϷȥ
˻һᣬƵĳ˿
ˣ˯ɡñӰԴһɡ
ôžôŰɡ



ԴһСı˴˶¶Ժ, ƹˤĸоʲôʱҲˣż˵ʱýæ硣
Ҳеƹˤĸо, ڻµǰر𵭶װװˣһ;ʮͤ˹, ʱ¸һʱŻ´˸, Ȼرĵľͳȥˡ
Ի¸ľ, Ƶ˼ǡҳȥˣڻ
µʱĬĬضŽ뿪, ˵΢һ, ôҲǸ̫үݡ
رİｭڵɣĵĸʱڻ
˵ϵ޷죬ºͽû˵ʲô, ˶Ǹһ㴰ֽ
²²͸׹ʲô, Ҫ˵Ϊ鱨ɡʮͤҲû񻨴ô, ڶļ̳˶Ҫ鱨ˡҪ˵ΪҲܡ
ʱȷʵͦڵ, Ϊﲻһ, Ȼ߶Ҫ´ŴαװӣٳŸЩɱɱ顭
һ˶֪ǸˣҲ֪ԼǸˡ֮԰ȫǡȲѡġ
һǻڱ˵һͷβĻˡڱ, ɱ˵ֿС
һԱµľʵкܴı仯ģֻ˵Һû̬ƽ, Ȼܵġ
ǰʱҪɱϢһֱûʲôӦֱγһ㣬ʼųʲôƨģֻҪ˻ȥ޻ء
涼ڴͻ֮һһ̣Ȼʱ䲻֪ʲôʱ򣬵Ը̵ġ
ʵҲ֪˵ʲôʱȥǱߣԼòҪʱˣԲûǱ߷ų˷һߡʱȫƾǸ˵ġ
ȻǸ˸İһģһʱĺ͵һϣ̶ĳ
ôˣߵǸ˴һֱڹ۲Żµ沿飬ڿ֮ʵ
ʲôʱ䣿
֮ʱ
õģߴ֪ˡ
»ȥϴ˰Ȼ߷źãʱ˿ӾȻǸѡ
һ˶ˮ˼һᣬ⼸컨϶ǲٻȥˣϢһҪͻȥģôֻȥҡ
ŵİԭڰĳŹأ˵Ҳֻǹ֮ͨһ졣
ɹ̫ྐྵӵʱ򣬾ͺȻ̨ϱһֻССĻ
ϡ桭ôʱͻȻˣָŪС𿣬ʹİԴָ䡣
Сʱ򣬰ϢĴϽһСֽȻߡ
һ˵ʱðŷϢǿ϶ǴˡСĲֽȻֻ֣򵥵ɰдţ족
ֽд˼򵥣ǰۿʱ򣬺Ȼ˲ĺ壬ͷƤ飬һɺͷ
ۣԷˡĴﺰ۵֣תͷµ˵ȳ԰ɣͻȻиˣҳȥһˡ
ѽʲôܳ극򰡣԰۵аɣ·Сĵ㣬ʱ˳Ҵߡ
ӦȻϾͳš
̳֬ˮ۵˹ȥ̷ΧĪˡЩ˶ͨ˵ʲô¥ɱֵİ˵ֱͬҹɫөһۡ
ҪǼ֬۵꣬ܿͷ־Ǳߵࡣͣ˽Ų˲תȥ˳ӵ·ߵ·ͱ˸ˣƵòװȥԱߵļŶһ١
һЩҧгݣôôϣ
öûָоˣ뵱¥ɱֵʱǾΣյĳһˡ
Щġû뵽Ȼô⧲ʵķ֪ģͻȻյϢЩʵĸо
ʱϢȻҪԽ͵ԽãôһӣܶľƲһֻ̡ۿ˿ΧЩˣֿ˿Լ
书һǿ֣¥ܹӱǿͣ£˵Ҳû취ݶƳȥ
¸ô죿
ֽʺġ족֣ڻڵȥĴȻ䳶˿鲼Լˡ

һһĥҩأĥغ棬ϸӣ͸ĥҩĵ澢һģһ
Ա߸ȻҩɴΣԱߵ֣һж¾õӡ
ºһڡİҩİãݸǰˣЦŶߡͺڰٲÿһһ
£ϲǲǣҪǲߵĻͰæѺԺʰһ£ȡԻЦŵ
ţߡµ
йоصڰٲöȹһ죬潥ȥ̫΢΢̾һ
ľҲ֪Լٿ졣
֪Ӧò̫ƽǸʼնûܻ֪ǸӦͦæġ
ΧĸǸ˸ˣǸа۵鱨ԱûаϢȥ֪ƺǸѾƻһУȿԷֹ֪ļƻţͬʱֹֿڹϢ
ԼԼǱ˵ʧһˣ˾ٲòԶʱһȺ˶ȥǸȥˣҲ˵ǲǰۡ
µ鲻ãȻǸ˻¿ʱ˿̵ĳĬӦΪϾζ֮󣬻ɱ˻ˣڡ¡˵ȷǸֵü顣
µѾһͿˣѾÿÿ̶ĵزǵװµӣñԼ侲ܱ¶ʲô
ͷһηҪ׵׵αװȻһôѵ飬ҲͷһηԼ츳һȻûʲô
ȥ˯Ȼ;ƣֻһﾲķʱ˿̺Ȼһվڴ⣬Ĵ
ʲôޱĿվŵĽ˭ģ
ġ󷽷ĵҽԺ󣬾Ͳٳȥˡ
¿һᣬѾƿ˽վ˵ϡЦſµôҲһͬˡҿþöΪ£ȥʵĴˡ
ؿȻͻȻʣ֪ʲô𣿡
֪ˡЦʱ˿ʮڹ۲Ķ֪ýҲ֪
㻹³صҸ˵죬ҽݽףǳȥɾˡ
ûлػµĻ磬һᣬͻȻĪصһѡ
û˵
ǸǰҪһɵ£ʱӦֹģһҾһһӡ
̧ͷŻµҲ֪ûаҵѣΪԺ󲻻ٺڣڹˡ
ϹˣԿϵı飬ʵϾԼԼıʲôӵġһδе̫ˡ
𡭡ۣǰûôݹҡԼ°ͣЦŵʱҸȥǺǻҶߵףҲƧ˸ųʶ

Ȱ˵

һ·ϿƵ, βûС
ôԼ̫ǵˣܻػʱԼò˼顣
Ҳ뻨ʵһصԭ
طѾܾöû, ʱ˿վ, ͻȻеĪļ
˵طѾԭһ, ΧһжϤ, ֮ǰȥ֡
ҵ˸ԽӵǸˣǸڻ׷ʲôڿ۵ʱ򻹲һ, ôͻȻˣ̫, Ҫһô죿
ûµġ۵صѾزȥˡ
ڶԷ, ݹǷţȻ󿴼˵Լڸտŵʱ͵һ롣
˺ܳʱ䣬һӰպã԰۵, ʱﲻҪκ˽Ӵ
˴Ҵ˳ȥ, ֪, ŵһ̣Ҫıˡ
棬Χһˡ
˿ûеµĸоΪֻҪһ뵽Ǹʲôˣһ㶼ˡ
Сǹһ˿Ц, ͻֶΡҪһˣɵ飿
йڻġһֱķзģ֪Ϊʲô, ˰ȫԵˣ۾һһܹԶ˵ЩϢ
ڰ۷ǵûе𻨴״ΪõĴսˡ
ϾϵĻ֮Ӧܻˡ
ƺڴʱİУѾص˻֣ΪһԱ

ڰٲõĵڶ죬Ǹ൱ʵĺ
ֻҲƣô˳أ˵ھӼҵĶҪǣ˼Ҹˣǲ߳ʲô°
˭֪أȰǶҪϹţ˼ҹٸΪϹҲʲôֵ£״ˡ
ѽü˵ǲʲôаôһ½һµİ
Ա߻ڰæװҩģ찢ۻûϢŲûеϢھӼҴҲû
֪ôˣֻΪάԼ裬ҲͲҹȥһۡ
ѽˡﰵżʱȻϤһ̧ͷͿ·ͻƽ˫˫
üͷ͵һȵʣôʱˣȱ衣
һ˵һ裬´ʱ˿̿˵΢·˵ΪԭƻϾߵģüһ˺üȦǵ·ӲǷأסջջסˣû취ֻܹͶˡ
¿·ǵ񣬾ӾͳԱļһ
˵ȥ˯·ȥ˯·Ҳ˯ǿ
·ûǿֲһ൱Ȼһ˵һڲ֪һҪʲôϾ书ǿģţؤûΧŵˡ
ΪʲôҪ
·ֺһڲ裬Ȼ״˵ڽˡӦþûȥ˰ɣ
ôûȥˣƵ˵ǲžǱߣôôȥ𣿡
⻰ͷԣæһ·ƺʶʲôرֱ׳ĵǵȻΪûгԷһؤԱôȥأ
ؤ㣬ҿɲؤƽ°͵˵Ҫҹҡ˭ġôڿأ
ʵѾе㲻ˣ·Ǵ˹Ϲ֣֪ΣҲˣȻŻƽһ֪ĹϹ֡
˭µһ˿˵ҵܣ֪ǶץһҪһСıǣô죿
ͷҡ·ԭƤЦģͻȻ䡣
ʲô㣿µ·һۣͦˣСһ䷹Ͻ극
Ϊµ̫ˣڻƽԵķ˸ۡ
ȽΣƽʱµƢһܺãҲ֪ôˣͽͣȴֲ֪˵ʲô
·ûһΣǴ˸ԲԷɣ극˵
¿֪ڱĥʲôˣﰵһղűֵһ㣬ΧֻΪˣʲôĵط롣
һ˳ȥĻŻһ㣬Ȼ溦ջ

ǣôôİ·װܲӶƽķǺܺó㣬⣬оơ
װ⣡ƽߵĵ˵ҪҡǸ˵ġ
·˵ˣƽЩ˵һҲǡϴҲǣ֮ǰÿһζǡ
Զ˵ȥԶҲҲ
Ҳˡ·ȻŻ˵һֱҲĻ˵ûʲôԵ֣ûԵֵ鱾ͲҪǿ󡣡
㻹ʲôƽʡ
·̾˿ŻƽֻǾáҲĻǿԶҲҲˡ
⻰ƽûף·Ҳһϲˣ˰ˣҲҳ嶯һأһ߰ɣȷʵǲ̫á
Σյ𣿡ƽȻС˵
ţ·͵һ̧ͷ
Ϊ涼˵Σյ顭ƽͷС˵
ꡣ·æֹ˻ƽ˵ȥ
㿴㶼Ҽ˵ƽ
·˻ƽĻЦһ¡˵ǲ˵ġǽж
ÿһζǣÿһζǣкüζҪץסˣȴԶҲƽͷСص˵ҵ𣿡
϶ܵġ·Ҳ֪˵ʲôÿһθƽô˵ʱޱȵļᶨΨһΣĻԼʼˣ¾ֻϵˣԼ׿˵ģʲô㶼һ۾ϳ
Ҫٵһ졣ƽȻһˡҲҾԶȥˡ
ʲô·һ롣
ˣһ߰ɡƽ˵껰Ȼ˵Ŀʼ·ƣ·һãȻĿȻľôĪıƳȥˡ
վſɵ˰죬üҪŽȥÿͷʱΧкüֻ۾Ƶò
·ͻȻеڣѻƽȷʵǴ˵˽ĵģϣƽȰһȰ粻Ҫɵ¡
˭֪ƽɵȻҪԼһȥ
ſǻ˰죬ʵûҵطֻ֣εȱܿˡ
ҲƽܹȰأ·һ˿˿ε롣

÷Ⱥʲôˣʽ
ھͲݶϣʱ顣˻µĻ󣬵һαֳ˳Ĭ
ΪȺӦôϵĴ󡣡ã˵
¿Žü
û뵽ôÿʡȻôѧ

Ŀ

йǸ, ǣ̫ˡ
Ҫöࡣ
ĻžͲ³Ӧʮͤ˲ٶ
ⶫǴ置, ܸ, , ȻʧˡⶫбҪ𣿡
ȻҲΪⶫûдڵıҪͷһ, Ͳܱ׵Ŀ𣿡
ѡŻ, Ȼе֣ʲô
ûʲôҡҡͷ
㡭˵һ, ȴʲôƵģǿ˻ȥ, ɱ˻ǼһһСĵ, Ǽһô򵥵ġ
˵һôֱ׵йɱ£°ͷԼĶ
µʱʵеԻ, ʵڵӦ𱨵ģŲϲ¡
û뵽µȻ˵ƽͺ²ûһܶĵһ
ȻҲûйʵ˵ָоҡȷʵǽһķ
ʵص, ¿еھεġ
ǼһǷһͷءԱСţ仰û壬ʣ˵ʲô
ûʲô˹ȥ
ϸ˼Ҳû, ա
һֱ˼Ժô죬Ȼһֱ˼ԼʱǸеķӶǰľǲȷġ
ڱôһȻҲȷҪﵽԤ֮еĹģˣôҪٽһڳΪеĹ󣬳׵İŵĿƻô
ŴôãһֱĸܾǴʱԽͿʼԽ;šҲ˻˵ΪɶԲŻ֮ҵġԭΣ¶Ѷʲôø
ҲûкõĻ䣬̹Щ书ϴүԼеɵСǣĳŻذٲõ賿ǻ֪λ˭Ƕͼ𻨴Լ档
Ǹٹ̵ìܣ˭ûа취ģҲŵλûʲôΪӵȷһʱը
ҲԲŻԼԼֵµЩǣ¸ǽԼʧصԭֻ־ĳʱĳͻȻѪԼֵµЩǷɱ
ļ䣬¾ԼδԤһ˵Ҫ׼һЩа룬鶼ûʲôʵĻôӦûȫİ뷨С
ֻϣʱ򻨴ܹɹİѵŵĿơ
µҲ¶һ˿΢ɲЦ
Ǹ˶һȲ
ʵϣҲѾȲˡ

ƽԴ˰ٲúͦʵģ˵֪·ߵʱЩ죬˵ôûаѻƽҲһߣֿ˿ƽԼֻҪһ㣬ƽҲû¡
·˵ݱȽ⣬ӱȽϴ󣬲ƽȻҲǽĳҵĴС㣬ŵȺжĿǰ״ôƻУƽһġ
ڶİȥҲƽ±ΪԼҲ԰˯һأոջ˯ʱȻ
±ΪǽϵʲôĵӣԲŻʱ˳ȥû뵽󣬲ŷһˡ
˻ôϵ֮ǰŴ̡
һŮ˾ܾòʲô鷢ģŮ˸µĸоһֱǸرǿˣվ棬ЦеĿŻ£Ҳû¾ЩëȻ
¶ԴЩһҲôȴһ㶼ӣЦеĿŻµ磬û뵽黹
лֱ˵ʱңӦҲΪ˵ϻİɣµص
ˣɫ߹ʱʵҲûô£ǽȴЩĪĲ
ΪΧô˵ԵʣЩȻڿǵӰ¶֪ǲ
Ǿһֻֻڰ˶ɵҰһЩ۾ҹɫ淢Ĺ
֪˲ǽҪذٲˣܾ˴ҹʲô¡
Цӻرϲǽ˵ô£Ǹһر}ûŵĸо
¶Լĵ֮ĴûлɹΪһֱ׼Ȼ̿ŻµҪ滨棬ΪµĹˡܹɹİ𣿡
⻰ʲô˼
ҪᣬҲ˵ʵֻڳһʵ̵ʵһֱҲôģֻ֮ǰЩ
üҵ¡Ҳ֪
ֻЦȴû˵ʲô
̾˿̵Լ˵ڻȥǸġǽ¿¾Ͳˡ
ֻеɻһֱ粻˵˵ΪʲôƫƫҪսĵǰһ˵أ
ʵĻǿʵʱġЦŵֻЩһ˶á
򲻵ѵʱ򡣡
Ӵйڷӵ鲢࣬Ĵ󲿷֪ʶǴӻ֪ģҲֳܱܶӣֻ΢΢ıֳһ˿ϲȻƴĻʲôܹ÷ӵʵ
Ůѡʱ䣬һᵽˡúܴôʣĪǡ
¡̵ᣬͲΪʲôĿԺ󣬾ͱһ𣿡
ãȻһ롣
ʱɱˣƳͻúܿģԹʵͻһء̶ԻµɱһǿĹ󡭡ôͻĹƣûзĻôǸǿĹ

ӰЩΪ۾һ̵УȻһûס΢΢Ĳһ¡
ţһüë΢΢̧
֮ǰ˵ĽʵһĹƣֻϧʬ嶼ûҵΪɱԺʵûʲô̵Ŀ滹кܶܶĹءȻûнǿǿһõġ
ǵĿΪ²ûȻش̵Ļһ⡣
ЦЦĿɲǳģֻںһѶѡ
ǡʮͤĵطܱôĹƹޣô˽һǵĹӣкηأ


һ

ȥһʱ, Ŀ˶㡣ЦЦĶԻµʱӦЩʲô¾Ͳҽ˰ɣ
һǸ, Ȼ;е㻬
˵ɱȷҪĿ˶ȥ, ֻǹ˭뵽˹ȥΪɱģǹȥΪ˳ΪսԴġ
Ů˵˼һԼ򲻹, ץߵɱˡ
ôһ, Щ˻ǵѪùˡ
ϱӽûбôͻȻðʡ˵ϱӵûиһֱӸԴģʱҲͻȻǰģҿʱǸ״š
ӦҲǾ˵ʲôŻɡ
µ˵ͷ, ״ƲĵС
ЦЦĿŻ£Իµ, ϣʱɲҪͻȻϾ㳯Ϧദˡ
֪ˡµ, 㻹ʲôûʲôҾȻȥ˯ˡ
ûˡЦҡҡͷ, Ҳûиٶ˵, ת뿪оһֱںֹЦݶ
ȫûа·ϣϾʱֲץһɱ, ֮ġսԺַʽУʵҪæ֡
ʹǷ£ȥ֮˯ˣ˯Ļͦġ
෴ǡʱ˿ҹɫһ˵ȴôƽ
һ˰վ棬Χÿһһ

, ڴ˯
Ȼϰճϳţ˯ģڰ۲ŸջԻ˻ĵĸ۰˴λ
ڴϣ˵ʱ˯ˣʵ˯š
͸ɫĹʣ˵Ȼֻصطǲ˼顣
˸󣬰ֺȻ˰ڵ˵ĻҲٻȥˣҲ֪ôˣ֪ûе
˿ߣͻ룬һԺأͿٻȥ
Ȼʱ϶ܻȥסͷҲһ鰡
ţȻԼ뾫ˡڴͷϵС˳ȥ
˵ĵһ㶼ǱȽϾµ֣еĵͱȽϴֲˣֻһյ򵥵ֽŸպþͿҹṆ̀۳ԺЦŵôˣٶ˯һ᣿
˯ˡЦЦ
˯žͳһɡԱߣһλá˹ȥԱҲһյССֱߵĻҪֲһ㡣
Ŷڿ˿۵߾֪ڿʲôЦߵĹȽ϶࣬ĵȽƯֵܸоֵͦģԾ˸
Ҳ˻ԼĵǸ˿֮Ц˵㣬ԱߣһŽľɫ
Сӽ˻ԺǵһְɣЦŶ԰۵ƯĹر࣬ҿ㳤Ҳ˵ͱĸ￴ء
˵ĻֻǵͷЦЦû˵
ʱһ˹ǸرƯŮˡ
ŮϻŨױֵķ飬һ˾̴˸к˪˰
˪˹һ۾ͿԱߵİۣЦЦ
⿴Цӣ˵ĸоǻǰһ
˪ʱԱߵڰ۶СĽܵߵ˪ˡҶԽӵġ
ôһ˵۾ͻȻ
ԭ
˪￴Ű۰ΣЦһСӡȻҲܰϢ
һ£Աߵ˷ܵø첲һ˪أػ
ллл˪ۿĿİͰ͵˵
˪һ⸱͵ӾЦȻȥЩ磬ЦȴЩˬһŮŻеʡ
ʴòȷǳˣƺɵһ˪￴š
˪ԺԱߵ˻˷ܵʰۣôɵ˰ɣҸ˵˪ɲǻ˵ģƯڳ˻˿ɴǲɫ
۵ͷ˵ԱǸ˿Ǳ˪ȥӣߵһЦһߴȤŰۡ
۵ͷΣȻ̧ͷƽʱҲ𣿡
ᰡԱߵ˵һǵһοԹ
Ҫأ
ҹרŹġǸЦŵ
а룬һרߵģԼߣרߣΪרſԼһۡ
ԼһЩԾָоǷʲôֻΪɱֱֵЩ߼
Ҳ¥˭֪йڼһ׾ô£ϾҲŵһߣҲеļ¥һġ
ĬĬ²һ䣬ָߵ˶￴һϵȻеˣȥ˯һ
Ŷһ£תͷ԰۵УȥɣǵðѵϨˡ
á۵
ߵʱǸ˻٩һ䣬û뵽ĻͦģȻ˯ţҪ˪ңҿ½˯ˡ
Ϊ˭һ۵٩һ䡣ͷͻӣȻš

컪𴲵ʱ̫û˸Ƿѵ̴򿪣Ȼɨɨء
һ춼ûпţ컪¿ŵʱǿ˴Ŵ˸к簡أ
￴Ż£кȻһ󾪿ֵɫʣȻǿЦŶԻµȥȥˣ˵ܻˡ
ŶҲûʣɨͽݡ
Ĵ￴ûʲôΣգҲѾǱʲô˵ʲô˵ˡԵһ
ƽʱ˵ȥɵʲôģ⣬ʵǲٹȥˣôȵŰɡ
°ɨ߰˰Ժ˺Ժһ۾ͿԺվŵĽ
ںԺСϣʶһһ£ʣأ
Ҳһ£˭ָ֪հϽһ̣Ȼһ£ûԼˡ
ôˣæʡ
û¡Ҹո飬û뵽ͻȻ
еɻĿ˽һۣ˵һֱҲʽϹǸʲôܡ
ĸ֪½ǻǸͦΣյ鰡Ҳ֪ʱôͦġ
ǾӦҪˡ״ĵһ˵ͻᴫϢ
Ļ䣬˾ǸͻȻ
ҪҪɱ˻棿
ʲôʱ򣿡

ǰ

ֶȺ˵, ʲôҲûС
ĬĬ˷Լ緹꣬Ǳ߼ֵǣʼ·
Ͼȫ˶Ҫ·ˡǰյϢҲӦõġ
ⷹһ, ԱߵǲųȻǳԹϵʱ˵, Ǻܿ͸˽ģ˴ŷʲô¡
°緹ʢϣٲõ˿ʼһ߸ɷһİ, һǷİԶǸĿǰйص, ԽȻҲΧͻϡ
ȵѷ, »ЩδĸоҪҪȥʢһ룬ͷֻƽǰķһڶûж, ͺ, ôˣ㲻ϲ𣿡
ǡƽǿЦЦ, Щûθڡ
Ŷµ˵ͷԱд, رóԡ
ôȰƽԷ, ⻪¾Ͳ֪ˡžʹͿʼ治ϵݽҪ顣
ʵǰ˵ԼᡰݡʱҲڿЦ, ǲò˵֪˽󲿷ô浹ƵĻ, ¾ͻ÷ǳס
÷պܹõһװȫ, ᱻɱĻĻҲֻܽ׸ŷ뿪ˡ
ܲǳѵ׳١ֻ˵˼ƻ֮, һпȻǳĲ˼, Ҳرѡ
´Ӵʱ͵͵, ҪΪȥʱҪֵ̫Ϻ, ϾϿһӲ̣Ҫȥܶܶ˵ġ
ƽȻθڲãȰ˵»ǳһЩ
Ǹһ˯ģٲطСʵûбĿˡ
СȻ濴ĪЩѪӲʵﻹǺСģټСҲûʲôŮӴԻƽʵ˺档
ƽһʼҲΪǸԸӲŮͣӴ֮󣬷־ǸЩ̫˵СŮԭ֮ƽദĻ㲻
Ե̫ˡƽ˺ԺԺСĵ¡
ƽһתͷЦŶصҲ°ɡﾲ
Ǿ¡
ƽĪļָŪÿЦãֻܵͷðɡҵȷЩ£ֻô룬޲Ҳֻѡ
ʲôЩӲõʱ벻ףʹҲ޲飬Ҷȥÿ췭ȥЩ飬ֻ˸Լҵķհˡ
ƽӲҲûЦŵҲ˶һİ
ޱ飬Ƕ͵͵ĺˡ
ô˵ءƽ̾˿ʵҾֻڵһ˶ѣȻϹҲֻڵԱ˿Ӧöɵһɡ
ǼȻ֮ⶼû˵Ϊʲô㻹
Ϊ׼ȥǼΣաƽ޹صȥǼµĻǿһ㶼еĵĸоΪҺ˻ҲŻܵġ
Ŷ
Ҳ֪ûһôشʱû˼
ƽҲûܹһ˿Ŵ⣬ɫǸ졣
ͷŲţȻ̧ͷʣ㵣ĵǸ˭磿
Ļ˵꣬ԭڰĿŴĻƽͱŵһ£͵ػͷ
ֵǾǡ棿
ꡪƽæ죬ͮͮ˵СҪϹ˵
𣿡ӱŵص˵ƽ죬ε̾˿ֵǣˡô֪ģ
ΪҪϢɫһ£ҲǴǸʱʼԷġĬһ£ǲôϲ̽ϢһǾġ
ƽ̾˿
ȷʵһֱĴţȻǴǺܾǰڽԾǶʱϹġ
ΪԶŭҹ硭
ĵȷʵĻľսȷʵǷǳΣա
ƽûȸпôС;ȻϢôͨˣͺȻô˵ľĪľ
治κεֻǰԼ˵ڽҲ̾˲ֹһˣٹ̣ȻǴ¥ģһֱϢҹٴӦҲûлġ
ƽͷԽԽͣԽԽͣһֱͻȻͣʱŻع
Żƽƽصҵ˼ôԼѡģûа취֡
˵⻰ģȻṳ̂˵Щӡ
ƽְͷȥǱӦû֡ҪķǳȥȥǱһңߡûҲһȥǲǱߣֻΧתתҾýȥֵӦúܶġ
ˣ㻹ôСͱȥˣ̫Σաƽܾ̾
ʵãҪҲȥһΣⱲӶĻˡ۾ĵ
ҿֻԼȥҵڰɣƽʧЦŵ
ûһȥ𡣡һ书ġ
ƽһ£ʶľ˵ЩõĻһ뵽ǻ´ģְѿеĻ˻ȥ
ʵƽ֮ǰԻµӡһֱͦģ˵ӡֱ½һΣΪ¡Ե޹ʡ˵ĻûƽûЩ̫͡
㻪ȥôָмرģһͲˡƽ˸ȽίķʽȰ˵
ܵġȴԻĪģһ书رǿ˶Ϊ˳ˣʵÿ춼ȥ䣬˽֣书һ㶼û¡
Ķԣ˾ȻԻµ书ɡ
Ϲ˵ƽ㻪绹˽֣ɲɻˣҪ춼ȥ򻹻
죬˵ȷʵǲܻܵģ⻰˺Ҳ̫áתһ룬Ȼһӡ
㻹ǵȥǴ컪ͺŻҹʱӦþȥˣԲŻôȻǴȥ綼û£Ҳµġ
Ǵ㻪Ҳȥˣػƽе㾪ˣ˵ǴҲôû
һΣн괺ǴΡǴҲȥˣҲǺŻʱ͵͵Ĳ֪ʵ˯еˡ
Ŷƽͷ
֪СѾ˼ҪͬһȥǱߣԲƴҳһȴȻ֤ݡ
ˣƽȴĪľЩ֡
㻪绹ǡͦԵƽȻϴԼҪ׷磬ץһµ顣
ȻĪʵǽ·ֵǴΣ㻪Ҳȥ𣿡
·ݣ롭ţǴҲȥˣʱ򻹸Ҵ˸㣬û˵ʦģǾֻǱߵĸӲŻ
·Ǵأ
񡭡Ҳȥˡ
·Ǵأ

ƽԽʣֵĸоԽࡣ
ƽʵ㻪ʲôʱİٲð
̫ʱ򻪴Ѿˡ˵ǰ



ǰ
һûʲôطʱ䡣
ǻƽƤ͵һ¡
ôˣʶƽӸղſʼʻµһЩ, ƽЦҡҡͷûʲô
ƽЦ˹ȥ, û˵ʲô, ֵȳȥһˣúôŰɡ
á
ȻЩ, Ҳûô, ƽת߳ȥʱ, ɫȻһ䡣
ǰ
¥ӳӡ
ƽһתŴ˹ȥ, ֪Ӧþ
´ʱ˿ɻ, Ķ, һûκ
Ҳڴ棬ٲöһֵ, ʲôûзԭͷɻɵĺúõأ䲻һ̧ͷ˻ƽ, һ, ʣƹ㡭
, Ҿ㿴ƽ, æġ
¾е֣ԴϴԼԺ, ѾܾöûдԼ, ͻȻվǱߺԼܳʱ, ĪЩ, ǻƽʲôķҿֵĵط
ƽ˻°죬ʶһƵĵطûСرˣǸһ㶼۵Сҩͽһÿһҩͽûκ
һˡĻ
ƽȻ·Ҫʱ顣
ʱǵ˵ľһֱûҵˣڳ˭ȥ
硭һһֱûб֡
£æȥ
ϡеĻæ˹ȥȻŲϡ
ƽں˻ԼԴ
ȷʵڿŻµЦеԻãҲһָоԼ´˰ɣôᣬҲͽֻһɺϡ
Ͼǿ磬ǰ
°һ˽ҩİãȻ˹ȥתͷһֻƽȻڿ˹ȥʱƽʲôһ¾͵ǰ˻֣Сʣƹʲôأ
ƽһȻ͵ҡͷûûʲôԲ𡣡
˵һתˣãȻؿŻƽǲʲô
ʵƽʱԻµϸ̶ȣ˵׷ȥʻƽ׷ʲôǽĻȴû飬ΪעͲ桭
κһ˿¶ƽûκ𣬵ֻлԼ֪쾿жôķҡ
Ϊˣ˻ƽķȥרĿ˱顣
кܶ˻ŹȥڻµСصЩյɣεңһЩ֯ҲҴʮͤ
ǲͦõµ
ŵЩˣЩ¡ˣ㲻õģһֱһںܰȫ
仰Ժ󣬳һʲɢȥˡһֱܺΪʲôܹȫˣǴߵġ
ÿγʱҲûʲô𡣡´װɣԼ֪
ʱܸʵԸ飬Ϊܰ顣
ҲǱߡǸļƻӦûһֱ㣬ƼʱҲӦǰ档
Ϊʲôǰ棿ɻʡ
Ϊȥڻҡ˵һ仰ͲԸ˵ʱʲôͽҡҾġ
Ŷá
¿Žתȥ˵ҲֵֹġҪȥɱ˵ĿҪ֡

۸Ǹ˪ܳʱˣװ˵ԼҪȥ˯ʵӺĵĴһȴ﷭˳׷˪
ŮڻĵλӦһСв㣬ڻĵλࡣߵһ룬۾ԼһδҲ̫ˣԾʱתһҷװꡣ
ȵٳŵʱ򣬰۵ϾѾһÿŮʽȹ
ΪʲôôôĬĬ²۵һ£žӴһԼŶǸˡĹԼ˸£Ȼæǰ˹ȥ
һŮװİۺȻȻȻȺ֮УҲûκܹʲôԾ
ۿ˪һҿڻĶķüͷ΢΢һ£Ҳ˽ȥ
ķ˼ˣǳ֣˸˪һ¥
ԾԽԽԾˡ˵Ÿո˪ԶĳǸʱԾ¶ֺõЦݣ˵Ǵ˵˪ֻԻ涯ô¶ֱ
һ۾ܿĵȷȷڿɵԭֻΪЩŹԲŸģԽǾԽ֡
۵ͷԱߵǸͷ׳죬ðĪе󱳷ɤӵ㣬
ѾͷһֵطɣǸͷ׳ЦŶ԰۵ǸЦڰۿԽĹ죬һѣҽ㡣
ˡæվһᣬȥǱߵ档
ԱߵһƾŵϣǸ׳Ʋ֪ܹ˵԰۾˵ǱиСѾͷͦÿģϲϧ̫Ҹ˵˼ҲԸҡ
һӲ˼ƾţ˪¥æں治Զĸȥ
ʱɫϵĴ󲿷˶Ѿ˯ȥˣϵԱ٣׷ȥ۾б¶ķˡһᣬûмš
λ˪һȥ˯˼ûУһֱڽţ֪Ҫȥ
󿴿ҿܲҵǵһ˵һӦýСĿסϾһеġ
Ψһһ˵ϻľ˯ǸˡϧĵλӦò̫ߣҼֹһҲֻһߣ˪԰ʲôҲû취ͨ
ص˻ȥջص䲻ãԲأǸ˾˽԰۵ܻ£ʱúôţҰŶãһ˶ʵڲﻹܵ˳ܾܵС
۳˼һµҿԸһȥ
Ǹ˶ڰ۵Щ˼ģŰ۵ˣҪһȥ
ҶԻĹ˼һ֮ŹȥһʲôҪܰһأ˵ǰɡ
£Ȼǿԡʱҿû취һȥˣ书ߣȥҲֻϺȣ뷨ҲǴһһӵġȥһҲ
һ֪˰Ϊǰ;׼ĶͽˣҲֻ΢΢һЦ˵Щʲô
ˣ˯һɡǸ˵úϢϵʱˣҿ϶㡣
áаĥš
ˣҲβܹǼµĻϲġȥ˺ܶ࣬ԵȽһ

ƽ֮

ԽԽ, ̫ϾҪˣڸٲϰӡ
磬Ա𣿡ںʻ, ôͳô٣
µĵ, θڲ̫áԵɣ첻ǻҪ𣿡
ŶͷԹԵذĶԵ˵һ, , ϾͲҪ, ɡ
ΪʲôãȻ̧ͷ
졭治̫ȫûϸ˵ҵ, ϶ûдġ
գգ۾
½ܳȥ;Ѿܲ˼ˡЦԼؿڵ, ״, Ҳ𣿡
û
Ļ, 찡ƴջ״С
̫˵ƽߣһƬڰ֮С

ɵ˵𣿡
, ھڻĸ
áŵЩ˵𣿡
, ԱߵĽϣʱ͸һȥ
Աߵ˻㱨Ǹ˶Ի±ϹϾ, ̧ͷ
Ͼʹƽʱڰٲﴩ·, ƽƽӡ
Χ˵Ȼڵ⸱ӣֻԼͷ͡
˻϶Ǹ˵ĸ, ֪Ļǲ֪, ǵ, ڶѾγһʽ, Ǿǻµ硣
ˣȥɡġȻҲЩʲôɫ⸱̬ȷΧ˰˲١
ǣǸ˵ﾹЩ֪ΪʲôȻԼҪӡ
Щ˾Բֵܱ̫ƣ෴ԽбԽжӡ󡭡Ƕm²۵
ʱ򲻸¶˿Լʵ˵ǽ겻Щ˸еģǱҪֳȻӣǵˣҪֳԼѪȳ˷ܸС
˷ܸԱߵļ˸ӵľˡ
ʱ˿̲ΧЩڶǡǸҪļĸҲʵڲԸԼһʱС¶ڡ
ȥʱŵ˲ǰͷģǶֻ˵֯硣иСĸ֪˻һ
Ϊʲôʡ
Ϊ¶ŵϵ̫ĻԺƿػ¶̫֮࣬ǰһЩҲױǸСĵڳкܶ˻Ϊ硭
¿һۡ
ԲҴˡǸ֪ʧԣͷˡ
ˣ֪ˡµҾԲ˵Ųģֻ˵ֻһġ
½Ǹ˳һ̶ЦŶԻµõġ
ʱˣٹһƾ͸ˡʱ˿̰ٲõ˶˯˵ҲӦԼС׼˯ˣҪš
һγţͲ֪᲻ٻˡ

ǽҪȥİСʵԱߵ˶ҡҡͷͻȻҪȥ
Ҳ֪𣿡
һš
һȺŵ˻Żŵľͱ˴ҹĽеһԭеȵ֮˲侫ˡ
⼯ϵٵˣȻЩ˵̫࣬󲿷ֵﶼʶҼǡĿġ
ô°ŵĿɿڴ治мرˡ
ڽȥ֮ڡĿƵһĴмˣЩƽʱֻ˵ģȴȫ
ô°Сʣ˵֪ǰһ˿˵˻
ˣȴĴÿ˵ĶдֻΪһ¶ѣʱһ˶ҪȥҶҪἰԼŵݣΪδҶԵס
ʲô
ôˣ
Χ𾪵˷Ҳеɵˣ˵һҪȫĿĳԱԵ񡭡жôҪ
Լûмʶ;ĲˣֿһǰǼУǵı鶼ࡣ
ڸողǰǵõϢ׼ȥɱ档ǰǸֽų˸ըʽϢ̶ԱˣȷҪȥϢҵ˿ôһȥݣڿʼǾȫǻԪˣǰȥɱġ
磿۾͹
Ա͵һĸ첲ߵƲסľ˽С˵ˡǰЩ˵籾ûһֱŵϢʱҾһֱĻͷô죬ڿûΣգ
ʱ˿ҲΪ
磿СŹģôڲš
·ͻȻӦòдġĲĵԱߵƽЦһأôû
ͷĻͷȥʲôΣգԾȻȥˡԱС˵
ʲôΣգǵһ˰ɣƽɵĵ
Աߵ˲˵ˣĺᰶûᰵǡôôͻȻôһֱģ
ҲЦŵʱȥ֪𣿡

߸ߵĹ֦ͷ
СĽ˨򿪣׼ߡĶᣬͬÿһΰҹ͵͵ĴӰٲʱһ
û뵽֮ǰһϣôԼһ˰ˣҲûһ˿
µҲϹ飬ʱЩˡ˯֮ǰʱĵأ·ۿƵģһ˹ߡ
ͬǰһ˹
ҡҡͷϵ̫ۣڶĳ嶯һƿţ׼תȥ
ҪȥģȻһƽӺڰ˳Żµ
ôˣ㻹Ҫȥģ

͵һ
ƽʱעû˵ġǽԵİ̫ˣûע⵽ƽ
ûаҾͳȥ㿴תͷװЦ£㿴ͦÿġ
ƽĴӰ˳ԭװɵŻƽԽԽɵеװȥˡ
ƽڿޡ

ⱲӺƽޣϢġ
ԼʵǺѿģԶѧŮ޵ģȴ˺ѷΡ
ʵò³ġҽͻȻǲǾͿԶȥˣƽ
ûУңʲôˡ´ʱ˿̻װɵ
һֱһƬȴû˷ֹټΪ˭ҲỳһССҽСҩͽ
һֱأȴһֱ˵ԼѾ˳ˣȥʱֹٰҡ
´ʱ˿Щ¡
ΪͻȻݣΪܴܴϣǴһ˰ߣκ˵ģʱ˿ֵ̳Ļƽȴнࡣ
˵ʲôȴȻЩ˵ԺȻĪð˻ƽ˵Ǿ仰װʲôӣҶһϳ
Ǽֵ°롣
ʱϦദǶ˯ȻһûεĹ׷˳
һɬϸ޹أֻһ˵ɬ
ĳȴֲɸ˵ڶúڱһ
ֻعƽ֪ܲΧ˶ˣ֪ġ
ʱ˿̻ƽͻȻֶ˵Ѿʼδˣ²뵢ʱ䡣
֡ĵ
ȥƽ̧ͷ
ȥˣ˵ԶҲزˡ
ĪЦһ£˵ⲻǷϻڽɼ˵ûҪǽ˵ȥͲȥαܰ
ʱһ
һҶһ

ӦöϤģǵʱĴԾһƬհס
ǰĻƽϵı飬ҲȻµ˼һÿհˡ



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Ů̫ˡ̵лһѵ, ǽɱ˱ȽϺá
¿ϵѪ˦ȥȻӺһѻƽ, ƽֱͦͦĵȥ
֪㵣Լ¶, ʱ, αػôСĽĵĽջ˵ʣȻһͷԶֵطˣ¾ͲҪǰһСˡ
Ա, Ӧĸ˵¡
ǿŵڵϵĻƽ, ʬˣʬ廹ȵġ
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´ʱ˿ֻԼıľġ
ȻӾȻʱɿת
ˡ
еԸرб֣һһֻҪɱ, Ǹʧصķӡ
δ, ΨһĹһ, һֻѪɫʵĹ
ոǸЦһ, ˹ƶΪڻƽ², ÿġ
Ͼֻһ·Щûµݱ¶ȥŮ˰
Χȫŵ˻Ǹ˵£ԼһЩ֯Ϊǡ硱, Ŀ֮£š硱ɫ
¿˿̣ĺһ¡
İݾ˺ܳľ飬ʱ˿̱黹ûб
ȻԼⱲùЦŶ˵ɱĺá

ɱð
Ц˼ȻȻһԲ̤˴ţҲûлͷ
ĳţΧЩںڰ֮пӰҲһжˣ˺ƺƵģΧʲôӰǶȴЩṦ
Ⱥ˾Ӱӻһ𣬺ƺƵĳҹΨһ˸ŵĵط·ԶкҹĻֽӰɵĶ飬·ҪҹɫΨһһ˿Ҳû

ڻˤŶʱԱߵһСסԼ졣
Ҳһңڿɱ˻ƽʱ򣬸ǲһͺ˳
û֪ΪûƽЩֵֹģһ£ȵƽʱҲ͵͵ſһۡ
ܳסԼ죬һֱȵǿֲʧ֮͵һȻ˳ȥ
ɻô࣬һ̲Ѫƽ۾ſڴαװ˱ͨɱģ
˻ƽǰƽһûˣƽֽ֣Լ˻ƽ
ġûһˡ
ںңΪۿƽˣΪۿɱ˻ƽǻ¡
ɱ˻ƽ֮󣬲û˿ĵĸоЦ˼ȻŶ
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̧ͷϵɫˣҲ¼ŵˣʱһߵߣƽ
ôģ·Żƽ
ʱģ죬ֻܱĳ˼֣Ҳ˵
˵

·˼ΣͬĴ𰸣·ҲˣŻƽתȥ
ȵȣȥģʡ
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ȥ
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ⶫùһΣǴĪ˺öˣڲ֪ȥˣرҵ뵱ʸס
ղſ˵ġԺ󶼲ˡ仰仰˵ġ֪ȥҵ£Ψһϵģֻ𻨡
ʱΧŵ˶ѾŻȥ˻Ǽ֬ˮӿνſȸȻǰãﻹ˸ָ̽
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ǵ˵ԼӵϰǺѣ˵Ǹܣʲô˶ܸſڣš
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Ǽ£溰㿴
ǽ𻨾ٵĸ߸ߵģȻæţһֿ˿еĽ𻨡
˿ҡƹģ𣿡
ɣԣŵСƱĻŵһ£ղĽʱʵеɵˣæͷ϶ԣ
˽ȥʱŷ֬ˮӽҹҲֵֹģҹʱҲӪҵ¿ûʲô˵ӡ
ǵˣոһͲԺһɱָ֮оǰûģ˵뵽Ϣһ֬ˮ
СĵĸڻƵĺ棬еˣ׼һԾӣҺʱ˽ʵڲУ͵ͻΧˡ
ƹģ㿴˭ˣˣ
ոջ飬СƵĻʱȻһ̧ͷЩãȻ
С˷ܵĺܣոսžһ̵˽ȥǺԺﵹǵƻͨġ
վڿյԺм䣬ûôأͺȻԺӵ˷ðˡ
ˣ
ٸ˺ȻħһӸʽĵط˳
еϻŷ·ϻߣﻹŵ׼ƵģʱȺ˿Ǹϲ⣬ֱӽԺӼ˸
վȺ֮УΧһѷĺ
ȻһΣϵġ
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ԭȺ߲𣬽һ֣üһȺ˻󲿶ֱһڸжûС
òƽߵģм˱ֵ˱ĵطҲûʸߵģȫԱи˵һ䣬ǵҵģԻǱ߱ȽϤűק˹
˻治ٰ᰺͹վһСĿһ
ﶼ׹ĴǰǡΪơǰͬ᰺͹˵ӡǺϵġ
һǽϳŮһǵĽͣս˵ĽͣСĹ۲һ¹ģ˵񡭡Ҳûô
ȷ֡ЦͬᰵĻ
᰺ȻЦʣˡҸո֪һ£˻úܿĵġ
ʲô£ɻǸȵ
ͷһλ񽭺ΪɫĽ͡ЦŶԹĵҲλһֱҪԣȴһֱûҵˡ
˺𾪵ɫЦԣûͷ֮һλҲʶ
ˣµһͣˮ

ʧȥ

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һ£ʹǰ棬Ҳǹһһͷڵĳɢ, ΨһֻϵĽ
ڳв˶͵͵ؿ, һЩɵšԱһ߹Ц, ҾǶ̫, 
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ˮص˵Ǹ˲ʶ۴ʱЩʲô۹ȥ, ˵¶ûʲôϵġΪиûЩ˵Ĵڡ
ˮô˽Сʡ
ˣ, ҲڡһǸӣôõĻô
˻ܾѹô󰡡
ˮһ㶼ûߵЩһ, һֵط룬ͺһȾѪܱ޻ĳ֮һ
ʱԯ޵
ȵȣҪȥģڽ, ټʮΧţŽԲס, ȷЩ̫ǽǱߵȽҪ, ٲ͸ϲˡ
ңҲǸ˼ⶫĽס˽, ƽʱϸôһ£ǽû˵أͺȻһѷӵ˽, žͷɱ
ǲ̫ˣܸܲˣ
˭֪ȺߵôҪһᣬͳˣαΪ˱ܿǶ
ڽһ㶼ûʱ˿̵ԴһʺŵģֱڶȺϴˣȽϻǣѡʱϹʡ
Ͼô˵ԼĪŪϳˣŪô죬һ£סȺ˵
һʼ֪Ҫȥʲôطֱɱһƹ貵ĵط۾͵صɴ
Сƿһӿ棬ĵƹӰӴǰлвӡϣȻַɿȥͷ׵Ͳ
ʶˡ
֡
ӣֱƽ˵ҪأʱΪƻѾˣ˭뵽ϣֳ
ܿĽˣǲǰԶԶΧۻǿԵġĻҪҲֻܸվһ
ڣڻ·Ϸɱţ·ÿһ˶Ϊ֮Ŀ
ǰ˺ˣ

Ȼ
·˲һȺ˿˲䱻˰Χˡ
֮ǰҲǸС㣬ʱһ˰Ĵ巿˽ҲֻǱһСҩͽֽ̹еҰ·ӽ͡
˵ʶĽɱ
˵ڵ龰ֻ˵˵ĿЩ֮Уһθܵʲô
УסҪš뵽ʹĲСıϴˣҲԲҪֳκκµ
һҪ侲⻹ǻ½̸ġ
ǿ϶ҪӵģֻһҪѡһʵĻӡ
ֽʵЩ궯ǴյϢʵҲͲǽһСʱ֮ǰ飬ỨΧѾۼ˺ܶרŹֵˡ
ʱգİѡ֡ݳһֺҲ̫ףŻĴԱ䣬ĻָĻѾһˡ
ڵ˵һ֣˵ǡһгǡ
·ŵÿһˣֻһĻ֣ĸʵٶЩӰӡ
Щԭûй˵ĵطҲĽµĻ֣ȻЩڽ֮ĵһȫ򣬶ڵĻ־Ǳؿһڽеÿһҹɫš
Щǻ¹Ϊ֮ģҲֻƲһѡ
ûΪһ鲼֯ԭǽ֮еķҲѾٹˣֻǻһˣҲŪģ
ǻһ˽˻֣ǽеķӽ˻֡
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𣿡һʵ
ͷźŮվ⣬Ⱦŷɻָ⸧˽ϣû
᲻£
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ҾǡЩʵС˧翴žԼϵߵҲΪ̫˰ɡ
ǾԲµġŮᶨص
һ˵꣬С˧Цһ£ҲԼͻˣ˭˵ԼеãǵøŮŮԶŻʧܵŮˡ
Ǳ׼ôˣС˧ʡ
ӦѾ׼ˡŮ˷ܵص̫ˡʱֵµЩͽڿԱˡ
Ǳ׼˾СС˧ʵһе㵣ģϾЩҲʵǿģһ;˸ô죿
¡ŮͷصĵʱˣǾǡ
ţȵȣʲô㲻ҪϹְС˧˺ŮĻȻЩֵ˵
أкȻһ˵ĽŲŮС˧綼ס졣߽һµ櫣ʱ޵滨꣬ſڵĺŮֱƿ˵С˧Ļҭ˵˵顭ҲСˣ㻹ҪҶã
û㡣С˧ЩεĵŮ˸ۣС˧̧ͷһۣͼš
һ˰棬Ϊֻ֮һˣܹһ˾˼⡣
˼ûдӸոջƽлعʵڻƽȥһ˲䣬Լ·룬ʲôҲѾʧˡ
ʲôء
м䲻ǳ⵵飬ôڻµʲôӵأ
ܲɵΧΪˣȴԶһɡ
ȻԼһǰµЩ׳־һЦһԼӵļ䣬ܹΪڱ󣬲һеˡ
µȴԼʵʲô鶼ݲˡ
ǾͿҪˡһ˶СķԸһ
ԶŵЩԼһЩɵˣ˺ܳʱˣʱ˿̿ԶȻжЩ
ʹҹҲǷǳ۵ģӦýֻһˣ˴ӵŶ
Ǹǡ𣿡¿ˮ룬ʲôأ
ȥҪ໰ԱߵСķԸæ˼װͨɵһ˹ȥ

ڻҵ

, ʲôʱҪ;𣿡
Ҫ۾Լͻǵģڹȥֻƽ˱¶Σ, ֵá
ǡ
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ڵĵɸţͻȻͣ, ʶھѾڻֵǰˡ
ǵ, ˡ˵
ڳӵ, ˺ܾ, ˳
ڿνǽ䱸ɭϣȴɹŸĵ, ΧѹѹȺ˿Ҫһսӡ
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ȲҪ, ݾߡµ˵ɤһЩɳơ
ںĿ磬ʵλ, ֻܿԷԼһŹܵߡ
߼Է沿ȫǵˣĿ, Է˿沿
ˡʱ便Ϊʲôûһ˷
ŴһȺ, Ⱥƽ︺س, ȴˢˢվ˿ûε˼
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ǵǰȥʱŵȺ˺ȻôԸǵһ·϶Ҫ̫Զ
Ҫ̫ԶΪʲô
һ˿ɻ˵²Ҫ̫Զһܲ飬ԽĹۿνıԣǲ֪ΪʲôոǸ˵ĻЩֵֹġ
ʱ˿̣桱Ŀ֮£Ҳӷ˳ϻ櫡
ˣѾˡһŻ˵
֪ˡ岻ġԱߵ櫺µ˵Ǹô찡
Ļոջ̲Ļ̵ͷοµġ
վһԵ˿˵ľٶȴֻܵͷһ仰Ҷ˵
˵ڱ濴ѾˣرʱȻһ˾Ȼߡ
ʲô˵
ܲĹϵģһ˿ӰӶûС
˵Ǹղŵ˵ƽ˵˵Ѿ뿪һʱˣܲܰٳɣôҲôʱ䡣
ÿɵӵĿ⿴Ž˵Ī㲻֪ȺΪʱɱ
ЦǺǵģ⸱񡱵ףҲ˺¿ܾãֻǵĵ⡣뿪ˡ
ﻹںţȷ˺ܾãֽ컪¹ȻûȺ档
ϵʵҲ̸ʧ䲻ʧ䣬ֻﻹ̲ס̾һ
ʵ
֪֪ԺѾܾöûпˡ˵
ڽ㲻ϲȻҲ̫ãͻȻͷƽһʵʵһֱ㣬֮ʲôΪʲô
Աĵʵһ㶡
ʵǰͶܺˣǴû˵ڡֻͻȻãٲʳĻһҪǻزȥˣⲻͳһź𣿡Ц˵
Ϲ˵æס˹ĵ죬ʱȻϹ˵Ļ
µĿһ۹ģԼؿ˵Ժٸ˵ֻͰϡ
Ҳ˵ֻЦſ
ᰱ۹ⶢ˰죬ҲʵЩסˣͻͷ˹һۣȻ˵ǺܶǰϻˡʱҸСӣ꽭ĵȥң˴˶н飬ǸʱҾȥ
ֲÿ˵СʱءŹЦ˵̾˿ʱԸرŹ֣󵽵ҪŹֵĶ࣬һǹϵܺõСӣΧתҸĹϵҲܺáǲ֪Ϊʲôôϲ
أ
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תͷŹģôҶʱΪʲôҪɱǵɱǸС֮תͷûһôҲûκһѡ
ԭĸп˵ˣ֪һˡ
룬ֺȻʣȻǸСܸ浽һӦҲһɣ
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Ǹʦʲô֣
̡
ˣˡһȺ˷ܵ˵Ϊ׵һתͷ˳ˣӦô죿
ҪľԻˡһĪ˵һԴ󣬴ʱ˿̿»֪Ѿô˶ˡǲҪҴҪ
룬ȵΪԼѾս޲ʤʱͻȻݺݵزڽ£ǲһˬ𣿡
˳ĻҲ˷źˣһֱڻĲǲ˵ȷʵһܲ顣Ķ˵û¶ǵҶѾ˽ˣ֪ôһ¶ݵģȥɡ
Ǹת˻ߵһǽ
Ⱥ˸ˣһڵ顣ıݷǳλ쳣鶯˾裬ǸȺǺǣ˿ɲһǣϣǵѪµȾġ
ԭڵͷŻµ飬ͻȻͿǵǽһŻôݶĻˣʱ͸о˽ķΧ
üһһը
Χ⻰ʱҲһĺȻ
ǲˡ
Ǻǣ̵ĶڻԱߵĿǽϵ˵ȻԵ޹ʷִ󻰣˽ڣ֪Լôġ
˴ӳǽתͷЦǺǵضԳ˵ˣ㿴⻰˵ôǲرʵ
һĸĪ⣬С
ĬĬĨһ亹ƵĹ򲻴ѽ⻰δҲ̫̼˵㡣
Ҫλ֪ѹͲġݣô¾һ̼ˡ
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ѹ͵ص

Ǹ𣿡
᰿Ǳߵʵ
Щͬ˵, ұΪ翴ҪһЩء
ᰴʱ˿Ҳ۲磬һȻ˵, ŵѡ£Ҳеġ˿ôһơ
Ÿ߲˿϶мġ˵ҵ˵±İҲΪһ˿֮ž, ֮һ˿ƣҲʲôֵɡ
ôôһ˶Ÿոϳǽź˵
һ˿˿, ϾոպǸڻ֪Ứ棬Ըոôһɤ, ֱЩˡ
㲻Ǹ˹Цд·ԵĴ£µܸ˵
仰ղŻ˷˸, ת뿪
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, 𣿡ƽ˵
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һȺµǸˣȴ֨
˵ʲôʱ򣬾ͿºȻһԾĿ֮ṦȥֻΧһƬ
ˮԱߣԭҲһֱĶ˹ȥҲһԾ
λûȵԱߵ˾ȣȺͿʼѧ½½˺ü
¿ЩڶеѾ乭߹һ˿ЦȻǸֵԣԼҪ½һߵļϣҽһԼķ˹ȥ
ŻµһȥԺ󣬺½½˸һһʱ䣬ֱһṦı䳡Ṧõ˺׾ȥˣ幬õǱеˡ
ԱǧټƵҪڣֱֵĲУƵԱ߿ֵ˶ò˺Զ
ЩҲûôŽ𣬻⵹ҲϾЩƽʱǹĶǵģһ֮ܡŽһ¡޷Ǿɱ˻һ
Ҫһ֧ӣѹľƣ϶Ҫ֯ǰȥˡȴһȺˣ˭ҲԸԼɵʧԸȡһһȥķǵʵ⵽ơ
Ҳǽͳ͢𣬽ԶҲ򲻹͢Ϊ˵ףﶼһ˿çϢʼûа취͢ĵطᲢۡ
˶ģ˾ĳˣ֮͢кʱ鷢Խ֮֯ȴǸóڵĵط͢Ȼûôྫʵıȶȴ޷ġ
ϱҲδֻһ¥ѾͣٵĲⲿĵˣڲĵˡӦ֮£ʹﲢôĽɣܹͨĴ
ˣҪҪ͵͵Ĵ򿪣Աһ˹ʾ
ٵһȣڴδЩ̫ˡ𻨴ڲ˵ע⡣
ʱȴ룬֪ЩûתƵȫĵطڵ״Σ
ǰ棡Ķ˵᰸ЩģǿϡƽʱĹֿ϶ǲô˹ģʵ̫࣬һ裬Իˮ˾Ȼͦࡣ
ʱ˿̻ңңȣռŵһݶӣڶݶӵľȻˮһͨͨˣݶӲǹĺԼһЩʿ
ˮǰ浹Ҳ⣬᰺͹Ƕʶһƽƽˣڽ϶һҲһܣһ֣ȴҲκһܹԵϵˡ
֮лǲԻ״˵
ŵǰˡĶ˵ǰģ¶ǽһ
ӿտյģɵƻԻͣ滹ǿҵΥ͸УܾȱЩʲôһ
Ѿ˳ڳﱻߵ߻صģ֪ԼĶȵ³Ժ󣬾ͷԼһܿտȴҲů͵
ΧĵģûмˡеļƯС㣬£ɴȹϴŵΣվһߣûκδڸС
̧ͷ˿еļ裬ԭڼʱ򣬵ҲЩ⣬ǿϳ
ǰһֻ˶֪ǸǷµģɼֵơ
ط¿һƵĻɲ̫µӰ
ôһ˽طŴһʲôĶλΧЩһϲĻݲݣЩСϵΣȥ롣
ļҲʲôûеλļͥطˣǾ͸˵ˡ
ĶָԼ䣬ȥʱĽڸո³ʱͱˣģȴûס
Ϊһ;ȻŪ˽ⲻò˵һǳ̵顣Щģ۾˲һܡ
ڷһѽδʣƺֻΪװõġ
ֻ֪ҪͲһͨĽΪͨĽûʸΧЩƿƿ޹ޣлݲݹһ
ٵȵȣϾ͹ˡ
Աߵ˶˵
ڶڱ˽Ѿˣڽ˭˭ֻҪŵͷĵĸһ䣬Ⱥ˾ͻᱻˣرס
߻ͣǰѽϵʱ¥ϺȻһ˵ĽŲʶĻͷȥͺȻһĴ¥ⲽźײ
ߵǰĸһͷƺЩп˵Ѿôˡ
ŶԷϵֻڱ˿˵ȴϤޱȵߣٸŴԼͷϵֻ֣ĵɴ۾
Ҳûж˵ʲôֻḧͷȻת˴Աߡ
˴
ĵƹ˲ӿߵĵطľɫһࡣ
⿴ǼֿɼĻƣԼԶǽһӴȺ
˰죬ŷӦԼʲôط
ǻ
ֵġ
һܿΧоɫĵط



أ, ҪȻһ߶˿ɾΣˡԼǰ
ʶĻ˻ͷźǵƻ
ʵ˵˶Ѿˣ˶תơһЩ书ģ, ʱ˿̶Ѿ͵͵תƵ˰ȫĵַ, ʣµһЩ׳Ǳֳ˼, ڻϣʱķԸ
ھ͸еһ֧飬֧ں, ʱȴӦġ˵ǻϰȫһ㡣ǰȴʼЩ, ȥһ
ʲôأҿ㶼Ѿ˰ˡԱߵһʵ
֪˪𣿡ʡ
Ŷһ˵꣬˵Ͼ¶Ц, Ҹ˵, ˪ɲô׾׷ϵ, Ͼֻлˡ׷ܵõ汾³
⻰ĬĬķ˸ֳܱۡ, ¶һر˷ܵı, ʵֵ, Ұɣ³֮, ҿ϶л㡣
˪Ӧȥ˻Ǹ˵ˣʱ϶뿪ߵġ
ǡ۳˼һᣬζĵ, ҪȥӦʲô취
ʲô취УΪСӹҼأǸ˵˰һۡ˵һҪȥϢȥһҪоġ
ЦǺǵĵ㿴ô

ʱ˿ԴѾˣԵ޹ʱѾһǳ飬ǻʱ綼Իˡ
ѾٽֵǸǰ棬Ŀķ羰ЩԱߵҲһѵӣҪڻߡ
̫Σա浭ĵһ㣬Ҫ˿㡣
ЩŮãȻһͷϴһŸոձùߡ
ʽȻϵЩƣûôڣȥߵ档
һԱߺúõĿš浭ĵҲǳ˼ʶϾҪĳ棬ɲ࡭
ѾǲǼʶˣܻܲŻȥˣ롣
ԺƴԼλ浽ʲôϸʱ򣬾ͺȻһͲŮЦǺǵǰգգۡ
С㣿ˣüëȻһ
ϣȻʶҡһΪôʱûȥ㶼ءͿʺָ׸ǵŮͷ
ô
߳£Ҿͱл˰СЦ
ôãһһϤˣִ㵸ʱԱһ㱨
˺ɲɵҲʶҲǵһȥٲˡ
ôǶЩãȻĿţСҪ£˺ģԲκġ
Ժź֪ʶ˵Ǹľ
º꣬аˡ˼ڤ붼ûλ澿λ
߶ЩڰٲüˣôԼ˵Ҳڰٲøֹ
˲ת
ſӵǸ磿
ǰǰٲβʱһǸӵǸ壿
ԼΪпԵȫһ顭ȴû
ʵЩľģ˵һܴ󣬵ʵѹĻ棬ʱ˿ҲʲôĶ
Ҳ治һò°ֵ룬˵ϣԲϣյôڻطţڰٲǸСҽݴŻҪһ㡣
Ͼ˽֪Ź֣һ뻹ǳ谮һˣһͻȻڳҲ֪мݸ顣
һܻصٲã϶˵ͻȥˡ
ˡǰĻȲʱȻʲô˵ͷˮģ˵𣿡

ܰǰŲ𣿡ƽ˵ʹƽҲѹֲס۾ͻȻŷĹʡ
طܲܿˮһҪĶ
ĵĸԱߵŮ˵Żѯôܸõؿˮ
治ӾǴ󰡡αװɻС˧źĬĬ²۵
ңŻڴǱߵĹֺȻѾ²סӿôЩˡ
ʱҲûżԤϵ˵ӣ־ͷһֻſϵС𿣬Զ
ģںһ֮Щ·ˣϾҲǾط
Ҫҧһѣ׷ǰĻ£ʱߵˮȻתһ޷˵ĳ˹ȥ
ţʱЩãȻ˵ôȷ
ˮŤ˵СﵱʮֵûиǰĻߣԼһ·
ԽԽ֣ȻҲת˷򣬹Ϸ˸Ż£ǳˮķ׷˹ȥ
һ·Ͻ͸ˮôŤ˹ȵǰǸ¥ʱԼЩá
զ£ôµһ;ȻԻطôϤĪͷͶ߸·߶߷·ˡ
ˮһ˿죬ˮνתͷضŽ׼ҵʲôʱ򣿡
һ㶣ŵʱûƤûʾ˳ҿûи㣬ֻй䣬Բġ
ˮҲЦһûиƽϣǰͷתȥ档
ˣڿ԰Ŵˡոյ˻żתͷԼ˵ǸѾȫǣʱȺ˽á
ĶأֵµǸһ䡣
櫡Цһ˵һŵʱǾһȥȺȶѾкˣǶʶңһҪվҺܽױ˵ġ
õģû⣡ѹ˷˵
ߵǰܸһţ
ȺǶΧߣ޲ðԼһӸϣͺµʱС˵ǡ
ر𵭶ߵſڣƽ˵һҾҪˣǾ仰ԽԽá
ߵ˶ͷʱԱߵһѶϿ˨ˮһĳ˽
ǰôˣԭﻹںЩͻȻͷԼˡ
ſԺվǰһȽӣǣƽЩ֡

ôһ˲䣬￴ԼһСԡ
Ǹɫƽ˿ǰӿˣǵûһ˿Ҫصʶֽ˹ȥ
һʱ˵Ŀⶼ˶ʶĿʼ˹Ȼ׷׳Ǹ˳֡
ôһͻһЩңЩ˾ʹԱ˵ϣǿǸԼߵȺ˺˼ɵǰ壬ԳƵǺη
ôһ˲䣬ȻûһܿµˣʹһȺ˿Ϊء
Ǹƿŵ˳еȥ֪ǲǴȥʱǺ񻹹һ˿Ц



Ļͦ濴ſǼҵĳ˵
Ҳ͵͵ĸ, ȻͱѪȸиһ
⻹һôĹ۲ô˾һɱ
ʮֵӣԼ˱裬ȴܾЩ, ܿ˿, ֮, ˶޶õ, ͺ鲢ûʲô
ͦƯľɫһͷźŮ˹, ͷŻ˵Ⱥ˽϶ʧ, ô͸Ưˡ
ѡĬĬ棬ԱߵĻһ䶼졣ΨһԸǿˮ, ܲˣֻܰĴﲻҪ¡
ô£ȺôͻȻǣųһȥȺ˶ɵˣȫųָ, Ҫж, ȫȺˡ
һô£ŭʱ, ҿ˳źȻѾȥϻһ˿Ц
Ծ²ԾҲǾʱ, Щ˲͵һ, 亹˳ż
һôͻȻȥ֮ǰ˵õһ㶼һ
ЩӿѾӦ⵽ôһ£æųȺ󺰣ǲǻˣԵװԵף
ܿͱûȺ֮, ˻
иղǸվǽϳȺ˵һʱ䱻˷ˣڴҵ˼ֱǻĳҳ, ϣ޲ֱӰڡ
һ仰û˵͸һȥǰ۾ԲţŭŲ죬Ҳ֪ʲôԸΪδǡ
ȺеĻûʶʲôͱ˵µˣе˲ʶǱˣˣˣǵ˭Զ׼
֮ǰ˭ûзֳһ˿һĲԡ
ʼվȻǻˣҴûѱôȺˡһֱڱˣ
ʶͷʱȺ˺ϵ亹ȸոǵʱҪ࣬Ϊͬʶһ⡣
һжǻ߻ģôڡһûǵķ
ӡһſڵġˡһ˿ϣ⣬
Ŀ³Ѫȴڵȥǰһ̣򳯻ӿ˵
˵ȥʱָֻŻڵĸ¥򣬿жôĹ
˸ո˵ʲôܣԱߵһ˲ʵ
ѽ˵ʲôأڸϽȥһǻˣҪˡǸ˵

¹װʶ·ӣʵĽ˦ȻԼ͵͵ȥһط
˼Ȧ󣬷СۺѾ˼ȻԼѽˣò˵һʮĵˡ
˵С۶ڻһֱֳǳӣ£ǵһʱ˻
ɱݡ
ʵûС۾ĻٵģϾСڡȷС۲Ի֣Ϊٿ治ˬҲԻĸ顣
ڳſڵȺ˽ͣǺܿͷ£˵ʲôʵģֻ۾ǰ塣
սûи˫ôĿʱ䣬Ϊ˷ֹǱ˶ڣҲò˫ѾѪѾֵͣˡ
Ҫֻ֣ȫܻȺɱ۵ˣʱ˿̣ҲѾˣƴֻͣøң䱻羡
Ⱥ˶֮󣬾Ȼɱͦ󣬳ɹ赲סʣµȺˣֻһ˽
ȺкͶķռ˺ܴһֱϾʱҲǸ绽꣬Լ汾µģɱȻǿ
¿ıˡһͷҧгݵ˵۾ͨ죬ɱҲѪ˿һԵ
˵࿴ͼ˵ײУʵҲǺͶЩˡ֮ѡͶҲΪó˿ɿֻǵľûѾǰˣСͿЦԵͶȵһ߷ȻԼλ
ôģû뵽Ȼһѡ
˵ʵȺж൱ǿģֱҲûбڣǵˣߵļˣγһֲֻĳӣгη
桭桭ϸ˼֣ȻǵûЦ
û뵽û뵽Ȼһֱơ
һЦţһ˵ĻеѴͷȴȻӿٶȣӵˣõҲ˵㣬ͺȻȫĵͶս
㻹㰡һֱûб
Ÿ˼
žɲ˺ȻԼ֮ǰеͷʼİŻš

һտĵطĵȴţһͿ᰺͹׷˹
ոƿŵʵ̫󣬾߶ˡԻҲûߣװ˵ӡ
᰺͹Ŀǰͣŵ磬䲻ﶼ΢һ£ʶڵ˺͸ӵĽˡ
ڵ𣿡Сʵüһ£ȻЦ˵ûµģ磬ҲᵥǹƥȥǰǾȥ
һǰһߣ˵ǼٵģϾԷֿǹϵĽһˡ
һ˵־ûмʶǿɼʶԶ罭һġ
ǾggĽͬ־
λͬ־ʱ򣬳书Ϸˣǣ˵ˣĿȫˣҲûޡ
㡭ߣֻ˵һ֣Ͳ֪˵ʲôˡʱǻ̸һ㣬úʵڵȺ𣿡
λĻ֮󣬼ȲӦҲ֨ղվţȵ᰺͹ʱȻͰͷת˹ȥ
ιС˵˵Ϊʲô˵
ɤˣҲЩ⡣˵Է磬ܲںСոһŤͷĶĿɲöԷø˵
ָоڹܿһ
˾վ˰죬һֱ˹ҵ
ѽҵˣҵ˻µǸ˳һػһһ
Ż£ľս˵һΪղֱӾ͹ȥء
ûСҡҡͷҲ˵˵µԵ޷ǵûκΡֱӳȥˡ
ǿǴ㼸ɱҾݻ֪ЩȶҩڶʱɥʧжҲһѵ¡
᰺͹վһߣոջ¿ڵʱ˲Լͬһü
һֱºǸ˳źȥʱᰲźȻ˿ڣøղǸ˵ܶ죿
е˵ԭҲָоһΪˡ
ȷʵܶ죬Ǹ־ߣȴ벻᰽ʾ֭뵽
˰Ҳû֣ȴĴ󲿶Ѿ׷

ײ

ˮ, ֻ̬͵͵ݡ
ףȻһֱల£ʱе, һΪʲôôĺг
ǰ𣿡͵͵ˮ, ҪӦ֪ôȥһˣ
ˮͷһ, пŨŨı, иоǻ, Ͼһֻӱ˵ķ, ֪, 㻹ܹȥɱɣ
ǵҲǡ
Ǹ˿ûô, Ҷˡˮ˵֪Ϊ, һҧгݵĸо
ָоҲϤǵһ汨һ֮ʱ˵ʱҲ
ˮȻͱˣζ
Ŷ鲻, г˰
ˮһֱأ֮оûҵ, Ҳ, ˵ǳĸɾ, ɾľûгһ
ǲܵģֻҪǻ, һԼĺۼˮֻ֤һ¡Ǿݷͬһ㡣
ôʱǶŸиƲ⣬Ʋһĺ, ҲƲĳҵĴˣ˵硡
һֱ۵㣬ֻʼնûһҵġֱڣˮĻͻȻ俪ʼº
ϾǸ߸ϵµһͰ˵ݱһֱأƴƴڲһ㡣
ԱûȤƫƫٸʵ׵±ȽϸȤ
¸ź˻ʱ˿̣ѾԶԶؿ¥滨Ӱˣ߻һϤӰǸ˾櫡
櫽ǾĴģò˵ˮǳˣ櫸ʱ򣬻ǾŮŹС꣬ʹǸһӣҲܿ绪
ϾõĿɶȫ֮ǰ˵ܹġ
ٸڻ˿ǱߵĻ˽ôһɸڸڻ˲ֻʣһ룬ȻܹҲʵʮǿˡ
Ԥϵǻһڸ¥ϱر𵭶˵Цģ濴¥ϵļӰһôҵĳ档
˴ֵĻ棬ȴͣȥ
ϱӵһ磬Ҫ˵ϵĵһ˶ʡ͵ĵƣϱҲǡһȺ˵İΧ£رİпոԼ˸ɥĲױ
׻˵˵ӰʹǶѾˣŻ棬ǻЩ
ˮ˰죬ʵͻȻе˻£ϾˮǸ˳һڻǰɱ˻棬ôͱȽˡ
ɱһ˿ĶУˮͬ˵֮ǿҲĿõġ
ҺþڽĵʱһˣһȴҲûܷ
ԶˡһŵˣСڻ¶˵˵Զ֣ɲǶԻ棬ǶЩͬΪŵˡ
һüûʲôȴȻ˵ˣҺõİôˣЩ˸ɷģҿź¡
櫵󣬵ڳҲǲһģ˲٣ǽεεֵ
Ҫ¡ҲͬЩᣬ»Ϊ˵һǳĹӡ
ȺȷʵǴ³һ㣬Ҫţ㿴棬ĸ㻶ģ
¾վȺ棬̧ͷ
濴˿ָһʮɷˣϴẓ̇ϻһɷҲ֪ĸɵġָʱЦһûа·ϡ
Ȼ
ָǸ֮󣬸¥ϵӺȻһ£¥һԾ£ֱֱǸ˵ǰһ졣
ǳЩ׵Դ˼·ûиϣͷѾ˵ء
Ŀ֮ɱ˵ģΧһ˿ֹûУҾڻһԾµʱΧв˵һο˻Ŀ
ӡ˶˵ǸǳɷҲбˣҿһԺ˶ʶӦһˣʹϴһźߡ
ڹǲƤݻòˡ
㲻ʶ棬ôڿĵһۣ㲻һбķӣģһ󿣬ڻ
Ǹȥˣһкûзֱֱĵ˻ϣΧ˾֣ȻǺ֮ǰѾȻص˸¥֮ϣӹ櫵һƣһ
˲Լͬ˺һ´ɤһ䣬ҪţȴҲûֹȺľսı顣
㿴ȺСָЦģͰһǽҲ
Ĳ֪ôдġҲЦ
˵ЦžҹɫʮŮΣеͳ˾һľɫһĳЦĽ͡
櫵òԽԽˣǽֿĵЦȻĪԻĵĺҲ˿ûֹЦԸϷһ
ǰ棬Žɱˣ⽭Ĺصģ˭뵽¥֮£Ȼıһ
ƾˣֶոֻǼ򵥵һ֣Ҳ㹻̵ӡʹǲĲһЩﰵʾ
СǸ˵˵¸Ȼ̫ˣϾһأ뻨Ľġ
ںһֱ۲Ż£ͬʱҲȺ֮У֪ǻµˡҪżĶ࣬ϾΪߵֵռϷ磬ֻЩԼ֪ĽһˣʵڶǸ¥֮ϡ
ǲżˡ
ûȥˡԱ˵̴һĿ˹
¿С˧磬˵ⲻǻ֣֣ƣǳӡ
ȻתͷһͷȺڻС˵Żüëһ壬˵Ҫ
ϧˣʵĽȻô磬ĿĸûбˡǸ˵̾Ϣ˵ҪǻŵĻͲôͷ˰ɣ
ԹʱԱߵһ˺Ȼľ䣬Щͷĵ
ո˵˭
ǸһüͷҸո˵Ǹ̫Ľ
Ǳߵ˭
֮˳ָķ򣬳ǿһۣȻȻ۾ɵԲҲƲˡ

Ⱥ֮УһΪɧվţǸ˧ֺǺǵģһʱ˵ĸо
ıǷᣬƸǷᣬòҲǷᡭ
󣬴ˡԱǸſǻ˵
˵ǡǲײˣ



ûйʵȻԶԸһЩ, Ҳ˶ɵӣʱҲΨġ
ʵҪΪǿǸ, ǹ, ˹һ
ôǸ˵۾ɳˡ
˴վĽʱЩԻãܿͨһЩ۲췢֣ӦǻʵĻˣǹ
ô뵽ȻǾ˵֮ǰǼˣ, ĪҲ
ͷ΢Цţ鶯ͺûϹһ, ֻԼ֪, ھ۾ΧЩø
ǱС̸ۣǵûж, ߲˲䡣
ǵӴ󰡡۲ŽǸ۾˵, ֮ǰǼҲˣȻڴ֮ͥ³֣Ĳ֪˵ݰ
ڸôԱߵСʵ
Ǹ, Ȼڸط, Ҿ֪֪ǵ
櫸öһЩֶ˰ɣﰵ롣װܵеӣΪ˿һĶʲô
򲻹ҲӦȾԤϺõģĻǶԻҲδ̫˵㡣
櫿Χ, ߵЦݸһ㡣
ĻôƯһʺѪȾеĵʱ򻨴һɫĲҹǡ
ߵ棬սƷʱͷúõأ˳ӭӽµ
ֻĿǰûгΪĻҪ԰һô櫾ͲòʹһЩСֶˡ
˵ᣬ԰ʾһ»棬Լ²Σֻߡ΢һ¶ֵʵ
櫼װ֪ŮӣָվǰͷĻµˣǸ˭
Ǹˡ濴ָķŵһλˡ
ôһ˵櫵ͷͻȻһ
ʵûϵô˵
⻰κһĻôʱ˿о£Ϊֻһʣ˭뵽ȻĻش
ˣ櫹һЦһĲڻϣʮֵģǴӱ󿴣ȴĪҪɱ
ԣˡֵ˵ͷ
櫿Ѿϳ˻ûУǵİѶġ硱һˡ
Լоʲô鲻̫Ծָо˵̫Ҫʵϸһ㣬Ǽ˵ǸҲʶ𣿡
˶˵Ҳ޹ؽҪ㵹Ҳ֪ݡܵ
櫱˵ʲôģ˴ʱ˿̻ͺȻһ˿¡
ǻ淢ŭ֮ǰʵٻ˵ϴλ˵ǰˡ
ȷ澿ϳ˻ûУ뵽֮䴫һЩ̫õϢЩϢڻ˵ǻϽͣͺܴı죬Ըʱ򴥻ùͷ
𿴻ոձֵ赭дʵ֪˵ҲôɵġΪ֮ǰոմ£Ŀһ߲ҽһ߱ȥ
Ҳĺ֣˵Ѿϳǻ£Ϊʲôڴʱ˿̾ʹأ櫰˼⡣
ĻǵһûʼˣʼЩļ
ֻڵݣ˴ϢҲ޼ƿʩ
ʱ˿̣ŮԱ˹浹ƣһȾƣֵԱߵ櫲һһֱ櫶̬ȣͺ࿴һ۾ͻԼۡ
ҲǺϲŮŮʵ̫Ҳûʲôʱڴʱ˿̣ŵƵĺŮͻȻ뵽һ⡣
ںŮƵʱͻȻĵ㣬ҲһƺҲһЩˡ
ŮתһۣǸͺѾǸˡɤ﷢һߣߣƾ㣬ƾʲôҵƣ
ƺһĵ滳ͬʱȻڻĻźŮ¶һЦݡ
ǸЦ櫵üۣո¶˱ʣЫĸǡˡ
Ůû櫶죬ֻŵƾߣ櫵Ц֮кȻŭ
ȻѾƺһӣһƾ˹ȥ
µ˻ûôˣͿ櫳ڻĻУŮһƺ˫۾һֱɵԲԲġ
˪ȵѿ޵绨꣬ڻĻУһ߳ҭһ˵Ҹո˵ʲôҪҶ֣ҵһưˣ뵹ֱ˵ˣҪң
㡭Ůߵڰ׵ĻЩٴ̧ͷš桱ʱȴȻǵĿ⡣
С˧ٻģΪһǸƢܺãҲܿˣŮ֮ʶܻᷢһЩôϲ顣
櫿˵Ůʵ̫ˣԵ޹ʵģƾʲôҪ֣ҪֵĻȥȺ˶ְҪ˵ʱȽϳͿΪΪ
ȻС˧΢΢̾˿
ûոշʲôҲܲµĳһǲڵ״Ҫһȥ汳ˡ
Ůǻһֱε֮һٺòһǿԼٻһһԱ󽫣ǿ˿˺ģΪ档
ʱ˿̣С˧粢ûдߣֱӽˤڵϣȻĲͱôΧԼ˶ῴʲôԾ
С˧Ůţ˵Ż泣˵ĻȴֿƲסĵǣ櫵ŮһЩݣƽʱҶ΢һ·ЩףȷʵЩˡ
Ůʱ˿ҲѾʶҪʲôһˣֻԸһˣϲίԼ
ʹǵػϣҲûҪʲôĵ顣
ʱ˿ط櫺һȻЦȻԡ桱һɵ˵ҪôҪȥɱǣ𣿡
С˧һ£ԥ˵ûУúõĸ櫵Ǹ
֪ˡ
Ůһ櫣ɴֱģһֱ櫸ⲻˬġ
ŮʱȻиջ𣬺޲ֱӽ۾ڳ
ˣȥҲϲˣ櫺Ȼй˻Ц
ŮһһȺ˵ľ֮Уֱ˻µǰ档
һ߿£ȻᣬͺѾʲôںһ
¸ո;òȿŮ֮Ҳ
С˧¥ϣ΢΢Ľһ̶ֻɿ
תͷЦŶ˵𣿡

ӡ

ŮԺͳһɽ, Щסֽŵĸо
ġ桱ҲױԱߵ櫿ʲô
ڻ, ⡱䳯ȥպøȺ֮еһ˶ӡ
ĬĬĿǸһ, ˸ʹ˸ɫͰ˻
櫸áȺǸ˵˵, Ů˶Ի˵Ҫ𣿡
ǣ櫲֡һ˵
ô죿
ûɱٺòˡ
¸Ůţ˻°죬۾˸Ż¿ȻԼͷϰһֻӣӲ, ¶һذס
ذǻ¸, ΪŮһЯ, ΪŮ, ʮϲ, ͨ˵Щ̫, , ӡ
ӱ֮, Ůͷɢ˳ڼ, һɫٲ
ôһ£ĸ¥мСšһЩ֪ĸ߲㣬ʱ۲Ķ
Ů֮ǰ˵ʵڲоͷȥԻˡһŮȻС˵
ʲôʱ˵ģ
ǰ졭
ôһЩŮ˽˵, ǸͷС˵Ҳû뵽
ǽǸô죿Աһ˵˽Ҫ׼ʱŮϲĻûʱ䣿
֪ʣµȫĵ˵
õİ취ǡ˺Ů
ͷһ仰Ǵʱ˿ȴû˿ϰ仰˵
ͽˡŮǰذ׵ͳ֮󣬶Ż˵
ŮһǳƯŮˣΪػӵĵһŮֵʱĲ˶Բ۾
С޸ǳ뵽¥ϵǸҲˣȻôƯһŮԸΪͷ
ôƯŮˣҪǱɱˣǵǿϧˡ
ϧʲô֪𣿡ԱʶŮЦǻص֮һֶʮֵᣬ˻漸κ˵ĻϳŹУ
µʱ˺ܶԲߣŮ򣬵Ǿŵʱ򣬺ŮȻ͹˹Щ˻µߡ
ʶһ㣬ոպñܿ˺ŮӣȻһ˭֪ǡþںŮĸ첲һۡ
˻ôں˿֮һŮˣ¶һͱ˵ˣ
ʶԼԺæʶֹԼжȫֻļ䣬οŮʼնûҪ㡣
Ůʵʮǿȫ֣Ҳڻ³Ÿһģڵ״ʮֲ
ô㣿ͬҲڽôɵɣ
ŮδȻֽͣԼذ´˹ȥֻʶĵֵŮҪû²òҪֻػÿ»ֵʱ򣬺Ůȴǻ͵͵ķˮ
֮ϾѾ˼Ѫۡ
ѵ㣬ɵڲʱСظŮŮȫû⻰һԹԵǰ
Ů˿ȥҲûôһ߿һ۵һΪôأû뵽缸жӲ
ġ桱ָ˽ȴҲ޿κΡ
¿ڵĺŮһֻΪļƻҪʧܡǵԼһʱ˵ʲôһѻ˶Ȼ˵Լ׳־
κ˵Ŀ£ҪһԼĵطǸطĳɵġ
ʱ˵ķǳµЩҲôŹͷ·ѾŻ¿պľһ
黪Ѿ˺ܾˣӻʼһ죬оѾģӰӣֻǽЩӰһʵֶѡ
һֱ֮ǰΪԼļƻʮ˳ģʱ籨ǰĳ𣬻Ҳϱ¥Ľ֣Ϊĵһ֯⽭֮У̸ڣ
ǽ¹ķǳƣɢĻŵɫվ¹ʱ򣬺ȻԼڻҹ
Ҫ˵𣿲Լû䡣
һһ֮УѾΪ⽭ĶҪγ졣
ļƻôؽΪ⽭ϵһ֯δҲֺܶʱȫµķӶԻΪǻ²ǻʵۣȴҪûʵۻΪ֮ɵʵ
ʱĳɶȲϡ
ΨһһҪ⣬ǰĺŮĻƽһڲɿص˶˻½ɻĵ·֮ϣΪ谭ѡ
˵ʵҲδءŮڶһѾ˵ӣ½ɱһԹԶУЦȥ
ͻƽǲͬģƽĲףǺŮʼն֪ԼڸʲôҲԸΪ
ڲֻǻһ
¿źŮһֱЦΧȺڿֻһŮְҵأŮĳпʮֱֵһߵЦݸ˻ػϵŮ
ֻлһֱЦΪʲôˡ
̾һǰĺŮŮһΪҪˡ
ŮһѻݵˣϲľǻʱӣʹǳǶԼġ
ڵ֮ǰÿοʱһȴҲӵĶˣĲ۾ֱĶ
ġ桱Ҳ΢΢֣߬ĵıۡ
̧ͷ˺ŮΣȻпһ룬ŮΪǻµɱУ˭ֻ֪һǹȻֱֱĳ˸¥
˿´ʱ˿̵ľٶҲʮֵľȣŮ۾һŵĿ
ҲûĽͣûתͷȥŮ¥һ˲䣬¥ϵġ桱Ȼ˿
ˣЩ߲㿴³ʱ򶼾ȵĺһи˽˵ô죿ڼƻ֮ڰ
ңô֪
ϽȥӦ˰
ȵȣȲҪǸŮֹȿһ׼ҪʲôȻҲ١
ʱ˿̣³¥ȥ˵ûͽⷽ룬ֻΪͻȻˡ
ΪʲôɱǸŮˣѵǺ𣿡иС˵
ߣȻһЦһҪ滨ʱҾ;鲻ɣΪһֱС£ܵΡ
Ⱥ֮У΢΢üͷ
Ȼգûµȥ𣿡һп˵

ƻб

¥ܹȥһ˲, ֪ԼǸ˵ѾۿˣѾʼá
ҲûϵΪҲѾںǸ˵ôˡ
Ůں㶵, Ա˼û͵ϮΪŮոո¶ʱһȥȻǿʵһ,
ûǿǾͶŮӸ̴˺
һ·кܶ൲ڻǰˣͨͨûиǽ, ֻǷɿȥ, ڻºľǷӦĽ, Ҳû, ЦǺǵЩ˵ǰ棬ûǴкͰߵǵƨ, ò˶ſȥ
Ȼ, ¥ЩʵȻǿҲûǿĳ̶, ֻܱŵô࣬ҲѾܿˡ
ƴʱ, һȺ׷ȺǰļʵǿЩˡ
ǽ󿴼ЩſŵˣҲû˼Ƕ, ֻһ˼ȥ׷˻£Щſŵ˵Ǳһ
Ⱥ˴ӵ
Ѿˣ¥ϵЩŵءʵһһߺ嵽ҪģˣҲҲκвġ
Ե濴һۣ󲿷ֵʵûһΪ¥̫СϾûôĵطǸոģǽһȺûиϵ˵ʵ֪¼ʹˣҲֻڻҡ
֮УһֵʱĿ֮˶Ԥĵģôָ־ۼһǼֱʱҪը
Ӧð֮ǰ˵õһ㶼һȺ֮еİСֹ˵ôȻˣӦٴһʱ𣿡
Щɻ󣬲Ҳûô룬ҲյĽֻǸǸ˪һģŸոŹʱҵ˻ͬʱ۲Ķ
Ϊһ˼鱨Ա֪Ϣܶ࣬ҲŲ³Ǹ硱йŹ֡
Ǹ˪Ҳڸ¥ϣվ뻨滹ͦģʱôλãҪѰұĻᡣ
ϴǻѾȥˣСǻվһԻҶ
֮ԲҶΪСҲûжھͿ˫ϴ˭ȷֵóʤܹ󵽵ǣĳһͷսܣôһ¿½˲ûǡ
ƻб䡣һЩ˸˷ԸȰٹ۲
Լ߹ǧţҲûжȦӣֱӾ˻ڵķ䣬Ȼһƿš
ӭľһİ
ǰƹֱֱĶŰ֮ϡ
תͷһſνġһʻĸѾֱֱĲ壬Ű
ѾԴͷ˼ȫۼˣ滹ݾͿĺ
¿ġ桱ովʹ˰ɶЦЦ˵һ䣬þò
ʱ˿̣ҲѾ׷Щ仰󣬲Լͬͷһð˸ոһ뷨
֪ˣ
ˡӦܲµĳģϾȫ³磬ܹģˣҲֻлˣ黨汾Ҳһġ
һҪսپԲܸ潫˵ĻᣬϵԽã¶ĿԾԽ
֪ôĻԺǳֲ²⣬Īͻܾǰʶˣ֮仹йʲôϸ
֪ңЩһ㶣ΪոǾ仰С˧˵ģ״˵ġ
ʱ˿Ҳ֪״˵仰ʲô˼»ǵýӵʲô仰ôͻأ
Ϊʲô᲻֪״оȻЦŷ˻ⲻŵ𣿺αҪ¡
״ʲô˼ĪԺȺ˰ʾѾ֪Լ𣿻һʱû̫״о
һڴûôӹʱ˿Ҳûж죬ֻ״Լ˵ȥ
ڵĶԻҲȫ֮ǰļƻ֮ڡ
˺ܶడҶϤˡ濴վڻȺ˵һģΪңǻ˲ɡ
˵⻰Ĺֻһֱ櫣ڻĻУƺǲʹһ
ʵ̫Ƿ꣬书ٸߣҲΪΪɡʱ˿̣ȻܳһˣŻ
ֱϾЩ죬ʶػͷһۣȻȵصɴ۾ˡ
Ȼԡ
û뵽ԷһҲǻɽͷˣԴʱ˿̳ﵹҲϡ档
ϱһֱߵʱûչ¶츳ڿ״Ҳδǵ
ǸıֻҪһЩǣΪǰ᲻ʲôǵ£һ״вûôעԣֻʱѹסԼ
Գ˵ֻͺοɽҲɣԱߵһȺ΢΢ͷƺͬԵ˵
˵ϻɱɱˣαôĽڣ״дʱ˿̵䣬Ϊɱҵ𣿿ɱ֮滨Щˣô׼Ǽ˼ڽ֮ϣ뽫һɱأ
һ㶣û뵽״дʱ˿̾Ȼ˵ôĻΪбͲǸǳˡԵǰڵ״пЩ̫
Щɻˣһ״УԿɾվԱߣǻʵıˡ
ڳкܶ࣬ûһ˴Ĳ磬ͺոʲôû˵Ƶġ
Ҳưֻͣǲ֪Ӧô磬Ծ˶װͺֻҪȥش⣬ⱾͲһ
˵ϻҾҪΣɱˣЩϵ塣Ⱥ߳һδ󺺣ŭ˵
˵ĹֱӳȥõӦӲѴ師ȴʱ˿ڳ˶һ赭дЦ
Ц·Ǵĵ﷢һһѪһ˵ĳ
һͷƤͷˣ֪״пʼŭ˼桱ʱҲ̲ס΢΢һ£ֻԼ⣬û˷֡
ֻһôˡС˧ͻ¾ݼٸ߳Ҳݲ״бֿʮ֮һǸܹȥʱ򣬡桱΢΢һǼ俴ƽʻ˹
ǻȺзȥֿͶ˿һͱǻݺݵ˽ȥոŰһ
һ仨ǳŽɹȥģûпֻ˺һȻָ赭дľͼסǶ仨ȫѣ˶˹ȥ
һΣǰǸδȴûոջһ㿪Ƕ仨ǻֱӴ͸ĲӣεĶĺ
ԶԶĿһ˴Ӻ￪һ仨һⳡԵЩ㤣ִżֹС

淢˴̶ĴЦЦ㹻ڳκ˵Ҫɱңɣ
ȺУСڸеĽȻһüԼеĻоһ˿һĵط
Сĵ۶ϻ֦иССֽ氼͹ƽĻƣ֣ƻб䣬ʮͤĵȴ¡
ƻб䣿ü
䡭Ҫأ

ԭļƻ

ʵǿĿ, ֻһ棬͸һ
ǶһĸоָоǴҶᵽġ
˵һĻ˿־, һѵĻ˿־塣
ѵʱ, ˶ɵͷԡʱᷭ, ȴ˶᳼֮µġ
ʱ˿, ֮ǰµĽ඼Щ, ŽĶԲ, Ȼи˴Ӻļ
תͷ, ȻȵĿǽ
ƽĶԻ´ҲΪܹɱ˻档
ոչȥǸ˭ΪʲôҪ磿е˿ľٶ׷ЩǸ˵¸Ǻ޲ôȺ, ֱʽҪ
Ϊʲôãʡ
֮ǰȷʵйܹɱ˻뷨, ԴӸո¥¿ľٶҾ֪ġЦ˵
»ڹԼƵģһƫƫֻ˵µ֪ĵԣԵҲûôȻ, 㻹
˵Ҫɱ˵ĻĻ, ҿ԰㡣˵
һ
֮ǰʮͤ͵͵ϵһЩ, ʱӴľǽ±ΪԼѾˣʱԳûˮŴһֲ, ڿɺãԼͷˮˣһֲ
ʱ޲һֱӰѽڵĳ嶯, ŬѹסԼʣðɱ˻棬ʲô취𣿡
ɱҡ

˰죬Ȼʣȵȣ˵һ飬û塣
ɱ˻Ļôƾڵ϶û취ɱġԻ˵ķǳΪ̫治һһҲΪʲôҪɱֵĻ˿϶㡣
ǣⲻص㡭ЦصͻȻҪɱ㡭Īġ
ⲻĪŵĿΪǵĹ˱Ҫɱġʮֵ侲³Ĭһ˵Ҳڰٲ棿
ҵȻҲڣʵ֪ĶҪ֪ĸһ㣬ΪҪվҡĵɱҾͲʲôΪҸ˲һ˵һǳʹ飬ҲԲỹֵģһһ
µȷһʮΣĹͷǻ»ǱͻһŪõͷһ
ͷĬһȻ˵üһ˼·ˡ
ڸ˵ʲôأǸ˵˽Ҿ֪˲ףҲ͸˵ˣ˭֪ǲҲǺ֡
ܹѡһеԼɵġԱôᶨ˵ǻٿᷢʲôɡ
ºȻ;еЦ׻˵ƻԶϲϱ仯ƽոպŮ¥סڴʱ˿ͻȻԻ·ȫңôӦǸĻͬʱժԼߵġ
ʵѾκˣֻװ׵ĸΧЩˣֻлһݣͬҲǻ棬ĿǰĹܽŪתˡ
½ֱչ¶ôǣ»ڳ˴ôѹǲһԼһֱڱŪĵĸо
ֻҪһǸ˷ܵòˣʵһرϲŪ˵ˣֻҪһ뵽£Щ˻ǸˣԼǱĿɿڴ;÷ǳ
ԼժһִƽǰǲᳫģΪһƽ⣬ô֮һһҪãʱһѪɺӡ
һֱΪռ鱨ͬʱҲʹܵĴ󲿷ѹһ֣ʱûӦĶԲߣ䲻̫صĺ
͵˶Ϊһ˲ŵӣû˰Ϊһˣһֱ˵һթܹ͸ĵˣȴû֪͸ʲô̶ȡ
¸ǣԼǸһֱڱȴû¶Ļ棬ôڳЩ˻ɶôأ
һֱΪãᣬƽǸˣȻĻ棬ʶĳֶжôµʱͻǸ˲ļɵͬʱҲᱻߣǡǡҪ
ͬʱЩ˻ٶһЩϵҲûǲܣҪֵĻҲԷǵİѱвǡ
ͷβһüƲߣͬʱһŤڽķıؿӡ˵УֿԳûһ󣬲󻨴Ĺģķӽһٵ춨ڽȹ̵ĵλһڷӵ֮ء
ȻӴԺ¾ʧȥ鱨ԴҲᱻķܿԺҲܹȡ鱨ĻᣬǸ¿ȡõľ޴ɹȣ¾ðһҲֵõġ
һж֮ڣΪԼܹƿһС
ôģǷЩµĻ
Ż£һǸƤЦˣǴʱ˿ĺ棬ڽϳ˻⣬ĹˡɱңôҲøʱҲұ֤һܹɱĻ棬ܹڻ»
ŽĻȻԼҲͦµġ
Ľ¶Լݣô᲻ȻԼΪһЦ
һΪԼŪĵǸˣԼһֱʶĻ¡ΪҺʵˣʵǸĻˣô᲻ԼڻһֱһС
ڵЩԺɻվǰȻ˵Ұһ㣬ú𣿡
Сû˵ת뿪ߵһȥر˵ֺǺǵġ
Щ˶˭ʱ˿̣˵עĿһˡȺʵ󲿷ֶʶֻʶһվǰǸܾЩ졣
ʹǲʶЩ˾ʲôݣǿǵŻҲܴŵĲµĳԭһӶӴˣΪ˲עĿںˡ
ǰǸ磬ͨո֮ĶԻԼµĳʶӦʮӰɣΪʲôһֱҪɱأ
ôʱǰǸˣժߡ
۾Ȼˡ

Ϥİ

ժߵһ˲, Կġ桱һȻһ˿ʾζƺʾԼǲҲҪԭƻժ
ûʲôʾͰסԼĶ, صſ׼ʲô
վŵ˿ͻȻժ, ͶЩ뿴絽׳ʲôӣһʱ䱾ĵطͻȻ쳤˲ǰ, Ե÷⻬
᰺͹Ҳվ, ûпǰ絽׳ʲô, Աһһŵ˺Ȼͺ񿴼˸⾪㤵Ķһ, źĴ, Ҳ̽ͷһۡ
°ӵ˵, ȻְԼͷ˳˳, Լ¶ĸһ㡣
ü˵һЩ˵ʶˣͬ£ʱ˿̻ѾںˣûҴŵġ
ȵ, ô᰾ȵ˵
һ˵һקԱߵĹĵ, , 㿴֮ǰǻʻȥˡ˰, ԭﰡ
ԱصĶŻ£ȴû˵
ǽĪŵһжСֹţ˹ˣǰôÿζ֪ǵ, ΪʲôһθôصģֲͻȻôһҪҪǰվһ㣿
ȡȵȵȡĵǰΣգǿôġ
šҲԡᰵ˵ͷ
ڿƽӼûа޷Ǿɫ԰һЩòģ˻Щ⣬ٲˡ
в˿µʱһ㶡
˵ʵµĿȷЩ̫һô˵ءܻµĻͦÿģڴҵУӦҪһЩһЩ
ڵĻгŵ˭⸱һֵº͸УڵıʮֵĮº͵˵沿ǺԵġ
ͨ׵㽲ǻ˵ĳɱ
ȻᣬǸ˲ǡС˵˳źܿʶʲôϱ졣ʱ˿һЩҲվȺ֮УҲĻ¡
󲿷˸ղſʱҲҵһᣬΪʶ¸ղŶȥˡǵĵһӦ󲿷ҲᰵһĪ׼һ񣿵Щ־ﲻԾ
ΪǰʱǴһߣŬαװĸԼƽʱһʱĻϵʸҲر𣬿ǽĻȴжȥαװһ󷽷ĳ˵֮С
ӳѵȥɻһ룬ּԼ·ķʽȷ̫ϻһķ½ȷǷǳҪӣɱ˻ԺĿҪŽɢˣɲǻµķ
һᶼǫѷģͷģҲó˵ģվô˵ǰ൱ڰԼ棬ѵŵ˽ô
˳˳ͷһڸһѴкһĶŶ˵þò
仰ʵǶԡ桱˵ģҲ˵ãǶԼ˵ġ
û뵽״кЦһȻѡժĿѾ˶ˡ
ĻûҲЦһ״ҲԸ˲׵ı¶ݣԸһ첻ز״˵ֱϡ档
ȴҲûж˵ʲôֻǵصµժժνˡ
һȻժߣǸ˵΢΢ЩȣǸոǸһֱԹµˣתͷʣзԸ𣿡
ûС
Ǿǻʱ⡣תͷζ˵ҪԼԼ·𣿻Ƹۣ׼һѣ
Ǻߣҳ֮ǰһǿˣû뵽Ļ־һ㡣
һ᲻Ҫ֡С˧ʱ˿̻û̫µǸʲô˼·ʱͻȻиĶߵ˵ôô
С˧һ£ԲǻƽʱǸֵȷʵģÿС˧˫ɵʱ򣬶Ҫϡ
һֱиʮִ󵨵Ĳ²⡭ǾǰĻ棬ܸһЩһһֵĲԸ䲻ȶкüԸ
ƽʱǵģǸ˵ǡº͡Ļ棬Ըֶ꣬β̣ЩĻżŻ֣ÿγֵʱҪһ˷ζǵ
С˧羡ܲ³ˣҲ˵˼ӣ֮ǰ¸õ뷢һ仰Ӧô
еʱҵķԸҪ񡣡桱ЦһҲҪ´ҡ
һֱǰ书ʽѧϰģûϸ硱Թ
С˧Ǳˡ桱Ĵ΢һ£Ŵ֡
Ҳһţѡڻȥ棬ѾˣԶڱ˵һָһѧϰµʽһЩѣǶ˵ȫСһ
ֵĵһ룬¾֪Բƽĳз
ΪʽÿһϢҹ죬һ־ͷǳ˵ߡ
ʽԼûô
˲һʱ״Լĥʽʱӡ
ʱп粻ţʹˣҲɻ䡣
Ҳڻֵһ̣˶˹ȥҲһ̣Ҳŷ֡ԭոջ澹Ȼ˺ֵģղŵЩֶֻǿθˣֵģɱС
ʽڳ˶δǳ˴󲿷˵
ʽϱӾͳǰˣԭĻϼԸĽʱ
Ҳڿʽһ˲䣬˲źȻͬͷһ
ԭѧӦӰ
᰿һʱļƤѾˣ·Żһ
ܹ󵽣ʱ˿վôһ϶ͻᱻг롣
⻨书ȻѾ˵زЩ˵书ڿʱֻʧܣЩ˵书ڿʱȴֻ
ᰶڻ˻˽ģһֱŶǹؾأһˡ
ȻһֱؾصģʵͲǶġǺܷϴӡһ£οԵǻ棬᰾ûһӲһˣһһᱻΡ
Ȼ
ĵͳԼеˣѶ̵У첲ӳһ
⵶ŸģˣʱҲ̡
ǿʱ˿ѵӣȴ˾⵶ʱһЩ
᰺Ȼͫ׷Ŵ

󲿷˵۾ûǰ滪µĶֻüһӵģģĿ˻³Ķ
Ķģֱ۵Ķûƶ٣ȴӲĵΪĵ
ʲôأ

ôһ˲䣬᰺ȻûºһӣǵϸԺȴѹûб仯
ԭǸǵһμ棬ڣûκεĸı䡣
˻
ǰСѾһССȱڡ
½ջأ˸Ưĵʱ˿ȺǶѾˡ
Ⱥ󲿷ֱ´ҸйӴĬĬİԼڵϵ°˻
⣬ǻӳ
Ӧã
Ǹƽʱ˵ºͣû¾һ˴ŵĻӳ
ᰴʱ˿̻ûܻŵĴģʱԱߵĹĺȻקĸ첲ۼվվ
ŤͷһȻִʱ˿̹ϵı飬ͺվǰĻƵġ

ее㲻

ڳЩ˻Ժ֮, ЩȴѾĿʼ䱸ǲһ˿ֵĶȻֻڰ, ӿĶ
Ѿ, Լ·˻ͻӡ
СſͷƴĿǰǸˡ
Ϥޱ, , ҲϤޱ, ǵһʱ򣬾һǰδеѣθС
һϤ, ָоǻ²ͬʵ̫Ϥˡ
Ϥľϳ˼ſڴİӶ֪, ֪Ƕɳڵġ
ܵġɡ
̧ͷۻ£ŵǰ״Щֵĵ
ѵʵʶ
ƽʱѵںεĵطż˳, Ҳͳá
ѵȥװҩĴ, ʱѵϾ͸˵һ, ûκ
ʱ˿, ڻµУȴľĹ
Ȼǰûп, Ҳ˵ǰѵ֡
ˡ
˵ĵ, ࣬ƾѱɱˣѵȾѪ
ʱ˿̣Χ˿ǰѵʮֵľ, ºһѵͻǵĲһ
һѵƴӵӣ;øԻˣԻõЩԴۡ
ˣ

罻һκ˲£ܻеĵһȱڣ˶ĳֻһѵȻܸ˱ȡ
ոջ漸˵ķʽһ󲿷ڻ¶÷ǳѹʱ˿̣һ֣ò˾Ϊ֮һ
Ҳȫں֮ڣҲһЩԵƾʵܸ潻ֵģֻ˲ࡣ
¸ոһ桱֣ʶ״еһожôȴҲô
ļƻû״У״Ҳ֪˫ɵ£ʽ״רΪ˫ɶƵģΪҪ̫ߣǹƾ仯Īʽ˿ۻҡ
һ㿴û̫ԱǸ˵³һҲֻˣҪٲôһôҲûˡ
ֻ̫ˡһֱޣٹһͻġԱߵ
书ûʲôӡĵ˵ҽʱ򣬺ҲͽôУ㻹⼸Ըҡ
ԱߵĵĽ֮üͷһоԼʲô˵顣
̹һЩʽ仰Ǻֻܴܹл¥ϵٲˣ⻰֮һ
ֻǸ˵֪ȷʵĹϵرãǸ仪ºͻʱҲ˲
˾ʲôݣôܻ̹أһЩȫ֪Ļˣ仰ĺܶˡ
˵ݣ;ܳʱ˵Ĺ£¥ʱһص㱻Ӷ󣬶ӳ¥󵹵ȷйһʱĿհףǶʱǶ֪ȥô˵Ļǡ磿
һȺ˲ˣȥʹϴ¥ڶˡ
֮ǰôǰİϵĵһˣûϹǾû϶򲻹磬ڿİ񵥳˴
ֻǵʱǸ񵥣Ǭ
ѾǴǰǸˡµƽ
ܹ³Ǹ˵ıôо
ҲѾǴǰǸ㡣
Աߵ˲֪ڴʲôԣֻǸ˵ܹ֪˵ʲô
Ǹƻ»һ񼫵ˣҪڻɽɱ
ǿڻɽϼбһĻԲžıǸ˿ơ
ոһǲǺʱ˿̣ͻȻʶʲôһ
ʵƽʱ˵ܻᷴӦôԷǻ£ԻʹһθУѹûĵط롣
أ˵
˰죬תͷ˵ʵ̫
վ㣬ôѾ촦ˡ˵ԼĽ˳˱սƣովңһᱻɱǸոһ㹻Ҷһ첲
ᰴʱ˿̻е
ԼӦ˹ĵĻȴֺ
ӳոպȺǻµĲ˷ܵ˵
찡Ҵ֪ӳȻֵزˣȻܹУ
ӳոսеǸʽѧֻʱѧĲôɹû뵽֮Ȼô𣿡
ʲôʱӳѧʽģԱ߸ոһֱûȻӻ
֮ǰӳȥʱ򰡡˸µʱȽϳˣǵȥȫһˣǴͦյģ¥ˣ˻ˣʱӳĽǼԱǸ߱ˡ

֪Ϊʲôӳ߱𣿡˵
ԱǸҡҡͷ
ΪԴ¥ġ
¥ֵʱ򣬻ûôӦ
ĥһµû뵽ӳȻô̿氡о¥ʽ
˵ĻҲôţǻӳҵȥо¥ʽġԱߵһͷ
Ϊֻ¥ĸ߲յһУ֮ʹﲻӳЧΪ㲻¥ڹһˣôʹЧһġ˵
Ҳ֪ǰøոڵĳһᣬ¥Ĳпġ
Աߵһ£ԭ
˵һַӦﲻ̫Ծȵȣǻӳô¥ڹأҼǵֻûӳ磬ûжҪôְɣ
ܼ򵥣Ϊ¾ͲҪģѹû¥ڹʽȻ˵
Ǹ֮Ρ


ڿӡڸо̫ħãҲ֣Żڵı飬ȻС˵һ䣬⿴ƽʱ綷ʱӡ
Ĳܹ˼·̫ɢΪڶǾԼǼٵģ˵ڻת
ôõӡƽһֱû߳롣
ʵδҲ̫ˣκһ仰¶ᳰЦɡ
Ϊ
ɱ˲֪˵磬ôΪһŮ߲
Żµɫܾ㲣ȫУǳΨһһֻĻɫˡ
ʵҲ㶯ֵģҾǸʺϵӦǵһƣúõĺϼ
ô˵
˵ԺԱߵ̹װ˼ƣǾɫ͸ģֱһ
Աв˻ûкȹ־ƣϾ֮ģֻܾлˡ
ǼƣȴȻһҲʺϻ¡
ʺϻµģӦҹ͵͵ĴȻԼϵһڰٲõĻƾơ
հ𡣡¿ǱΪԲȵľƣ׼ĺ֡
ƽʱȻǮ֪˽һеڼˣʲôòĶ
Ϊ»Ц
ʱĶǼ͸ƱͺⶫֵһѾ˾ռһ

һ̣ȻǰĻЩİˡ
ƭˣҲƭ飬֪𣿡ºȻڵ

鷨ʦ£

ƭˡʲôԱߵЩ㶡
ƽ˵仰ʱ, ;ֵֹġ
桱Ż£仰ʱеľҲѾˡ
΢΢ı۾, ȵʱ͵ĿһԱߵȺˡ
վ˶źɫҹ, ÿ˵϶͸¶һɱɱ, Ӹղſʼһֱںڰ֮С
Ⱥû˿ʱڸвߣһԺ󣬴ҵ߾ͶȺϡ
ǡ¥ˡ
Ϊ׵Ǹ˿һۻ£¶˵ͷ, תߵ˴¥ʧˡ
Ⱥ˵ٶȷǳ, һȺںڰ֮еӰӣһ˲˺ڰ
沢ûгֹֻĿţ¥Ⱥɱʧһ˲, ͬҲ뿪һЩˣЩ˸¥ȥƺ׼ȥǡ
ŵЩ֪һֱǼٵ磬ٵȴһֱ
ʱҲԼͬ˼һ⡭һٵ磬Ϊʲô֧ʹĶ¥ɱأ
Ҫ֪, ط˶˵ǲϤ, Ƕ¥˵缸ǸǳϦദ, һˣôϲأ
ʱ˿̣Ⱥ˲źȻһ˿˿ֵĶ
˵Ϊ˿ûһ˿֮, Ǹ˿һۺͱᶨѡµ硣
磬ڴҵʵǺǿģ˵ԸҲر𣬵һֱ֮ȴҲûʲô˷顣
ƭܶණһεص
һ˵ʱʵΪȥĳ֯ȥϵˡ
˵仰ʱǳƽ
ʱʲôʱŶԡһҳʱ򡣡
ʵڻ˵Խƽŵ˸оԽŹ֣Ǹ¹Щˡ
ǲΪƽʱ׵İԼų˵ˣΪһǳűܹˣһСĽ
ô赭д˵ˡ
ʵʱǸ֯ĸ˻ڸϵºȻֵһֱΪѣҲò˵µѺܶ࣬ûһǲͬˣڱô
ŶԣͲҪЩΪͲҪȥЩ顣
赭д˵
Ⱥ֮еĽЩڵӡ
ܻû˵֣Īľǹˡ
ԱߵĻ˻µĻ֮Ծͳ˱鲨˵˼ˡ֮ͽ
ɻֵµʵ̫ˣǹµ⼸仰ѹ͸㲻ͽ˭
һܺˣԲԣЦ˵ȻˣͲ²¿˭㣿
⻰˵Ĳһһ룬Ҳ˵⻰ʲô뷨˵ˣ仰Щĵ׷
ôʱһֱڽ̲ΧһЩȽС֯Ϊʵ̫ǿԶĹ齵ڻˣô֯ܴҳǸ֯أ
˵ǼٻĻôɲں˵ʲô
ҪǾ˵滰ôΧЩˣǰЩˣĸ˻ҳϵģĸ˻ڱͱһأ
ºȻ̧ͷЦŶԻ˵
Ⱥ֮е͵شһ䣬һλ˵ʱֻֿ֮ʱ־֣ߵȺ˵ǵһη֣ÿ˵϶¶ŵ顣
µѾ𽥵ıˡ
𽥴ӱ˳ԣϵɱҲѾ𽥵ŨϵҲѾȡ

кܶŵ˶αװӡ
ʱпȻĻͦÿģƢʵ̫ˣԲһֱûƽơ
Ҳ˽٩£˵ͷ˾͵ûһ㣬Ƣ͵ôһ㣬㿴˼˷Ŵڸôߣûǰһֱ˳˳ˮģʵԸ񣬼ֻԶ۸ķˡ
ҲǰʱŻôһ˲Ȼ㳤Ļͦ˧ģʱ򶼰Ϲˡ٩µǸô˵û㣬ȥŮûһܹˡ
µʱֻЦţûж˵ʲô
˻Ҹ˵ʵĿ˶ͦģ㿴Ǹƽɡ͵͵˻¶˵ԭҲƽɰԺ󣬾ͰԼƽɣÿ춼ƽɵ˵Ȼ˲Ů˵ϲ㡭ƽʱҲѧѧ磿
ѧﰡµ۾ã˵ֲʲôˣǸͨ
ʱ˵⻰ͦϵģ˰죬ֻܰ˻һ۵ѽˣ˵Ѿôɵȥɡ
٩µǸ˽ҲȫһĻ£֪оȻеֶ¡
ֿԱߵˣС˵˺棬ֱҪת뿪
˻µ仰Ȱɣüͷ롣
ʱ򣬻ͻȻˣֵʽҲһǿ硣
ŻµĳжͬˮûзſԼе櫣ִֻͷϰһӣȻֵͻȻһ
һ׶˿ˮɱеʱǿžͻ˾Ŀжĳ֣ʹһҲΡ
ĻһӦĵֵסµʽһܶзġ
ֻʱվڻ汳һˣͻȻжˡ
һŮӣŽŮ˶еζӸղſʼһֱվһߣƺŮһΨǰ
ڻ³ֵʱͻȻγԼĽŻϴȥ
Сģ
Χ˼һĻֵĺ
¿Ů˳ʱ߸˵ЦݣЦ㹻п˸еĺǸŮڻ¿һ֮ųġ
ı鼫ȵƽƽľǱϴһ
˻Ĳվǰ᰺͹ȴ
ŮһʼǶ׼ģǵ;ȴֻû˿Ǿϵת˷ָԱߵ櫡
ȫĵĶڻµϣ⽣ֻǳĻҲԶȴûлǸ
ǻΪ˾櫣Ȼ
ô˵ˡ
ڳ˶û뵽ȳֱѵľȻոһֱվڻŮˡ
Ůеĵڿϵǰһ룬ؽеӴؿڣֱ˽ȥ
˲䣬Ů˵ȹϾһʺ
ȥȴƽģԼ
ʢѪ룬Ѫһ˳Ⱦ˵ذ壬˶˺һ
ؽԼ־˫ֽϸ壬ֱһŮ˵֣һ߿˿ʹǳĴĿġ
Ϊ櫵һˡ
ҲǻĿǰΪֹΨһһˡ
»̧ͷŻ濴˹ȥʱ˿ϵЦݾȻһĶͷ
Ի˵
˵ҺܻŪ𣿡

ǡȺеһ˿Ż£ȻЦ
һֱϲԼļһôˣһֱû˷ֹĺ˶ĵĶȤζǸζ˵һΣҪ𣿡



Ǹֵµ˵, ͻµԭ֮һ˹رĶ
ܻ˿ͦʵģڷǰҲһֱǴеϺ, Դɱ˻Ժ˾ͰԼ̤ʵͽȫõɱһ档
һʵ˿ʼȫĵͶ뵽ʱЧǾ˵ġ
汻˵ôһ¿˵ڳȫֲΪոջ滹һֱռϷƵġ
ոȥǸŮǴµˣСĽš
ԡ˵˵ͷ, С˻, Ů˿˵Ϊ˻²Ż齵ڴ˵ġ
Ŷ
Ů̬Щԥ, ƺǼɵڻ, ƺǾô˶ô, һֱֱ̬һ֪֮ΪʲôźȻȫͶˡ
£
ֹҲѾǵһˡǰҲֹܶΡ
Ҳ˶ʶĿֲ֮ѾһС˷ˡ
ڡԻġӵо˵츳

ͨ˵, ֵһۿͷǳº͵ĳǳøУҲв˻ԸԼܷ£Լһжи
󲿷˶ԸԼĵеģ󲿷˵ĵʵָȥΪŵˡ
ŵǸ, Ļ֣ЩԼһж˻ôأ

˳
һðƵ, Ǿû취ô˵ġ
šҲܻôŽġ
ڰѿһһų, ȻȻ֪ȷѡ
¾硣
ôʱ, Զ׼һԾ˸ˣ´ڡݡ磬ȴ˭ûп
ΪʲôأⲻӦԶ׼
Ϊô˵İΧ»ܰȻĻڣΪʲôڵ߶Ҳˣ
˰, ȻתͷԹĵ⣬Ӧƭ˵İɡ
ĵɫʮֵ࣬᰼þö˵Ȼγ˽ȥ
ȥ᰻ûȳȥԶͱһקסˡһ߿ᰣһüʣ𣿡
£¡˵˵ţȻ־ͶȦҲĺˣ˵Ϊʲô
֪ڵһǷǳ𾪵ģʱһҪ侲ĵڵҲܡ
ͲҪҰᰶԹ˵ҲҪˣҲҪȥɱˣ
ôɱĵҹ¶ûǰѾ¸ɱˡ
ѵûзӦúѾ¶ˡ
ڹĵĻнסˡ
˻ʶǣǻ¾Բᡣĵֱᰣǵݣ¸ദôʱˣǵ㣬ǵĳϰߣ书֪һ᲻ǰ𣿡
ԽԽͣתͷȥ£һʱûҵ߾ĵطľƺڿ͹ġ
Щ˵ĿڰĶһʱɡ
Ҫ̫ʱһҪ¾ǱԼİȫһ˵һ߰ԼõģҺ档
ҪţͬȺŵҲкߵǲҪţΪвٸ¹ϵѾʶˣԼһл¼ȫ֪ڻµǰ͸ġ
ȺȫȫѻµԼĺöӳС˵һεĴֱڻ˻л㱵ľǼٵġ
ôأӳôˣ˱ͷ˼ĵ֮ǰӳദʱȫ

֪һ˷Լȫȫŵ˾Ȼͷβƭһ˲ĳжأºȻ˵ǻЦǸ֮ǰû¶κβԵĵط
˵ڱϰɡ
¿ŻԼְã֪ʲôأ
ܣȻеġ
ϱ緢Լʱһ¼¾һУֻһӽǡ
˵ŪһǷǳ˿ĵһ¡Ц˵ڷ˴ͷβţʲôûзֵӡ
Ҿϻ˸ȤĶġ
Ļո˵꣬˾Զһըﲻ̫Զĵط̾ͷһŨ̡
˵Ŀⶼըȥˣֻл²ͬǸԺ󣬾ȻЦȻԽԽԽԽ󡭡
ЦԵЩ񣬵Ȼ˵УЦƺҲǻڰʱ߳õģֻڵЩͬ
һʹǵҲµķ
˭óŨŨĶ޾ķ񡭡
ʲôʡ
ϲһӦѾˣȺҪȱˡЦŵӦǻҷѪⶼʣ¡
ֵϴ˾ֵֻڿĵЦţͺЩھֱܵͲһһ˵ֻһȺȺᶯѪѰˡ
ʲôʱ򡭡
ҵʱ򰡡µЦȻֹȻֱرᣬʲô鶼ûзһ㻹ǵҵǶʱ𡭡鶼ңЩҲҡ
ʱҾ룬ôôȻԼ鶼һˣ㣬桭û뵽㿴ôʵϴÿ԰
޼ɵĳŻ棬˿ӣȫһϵƭɵһЦ˿˺ľ·ǳЦһЦ
ʲôʱ򡭡һ£ѵǵʱɻȥӴǶӣ
Ź˻һʱŶΪǵõ˻ۣΪ˻߿һۣﰲ˺ܺõĵλרŰ뻨Ľӹ
˵ΨһŹ˾ǻˣ˵϶ԲˣΨһûжԲľǻ¡
ˣһ૵ĵģǸ׵׵ķӡ
ڿˣĵľƭȡǺ˸˵ġ
ʲôˣŻƭ˵һȤأ
ΪߣԿκ沿顣
껪˵Щ֮һĬʯ
ˡԱС˻ߣҪ˵ʲôȻһķ˲ӿ³Ѫ
ˣ
Ա̽ǸһĳѪ˷תþֵŻ档
ҲȻЦԱߵ˾֣ԼҲе˾֡
İȻͳľһߡ
һ˵ġ
˵תӴз˳ȥűըķɱȥ˶ķ򣬿°ڿзš
¶˵Ҳ׷ȥţЩ˲ŻѣæӶ׷˹ȥ
һʱϺò֡

û

ǳűըķܹȥ, Ӻܼӡ
Ǹ˵СʣȥǱ߸
Ǳǻ֮ǰһҪص㣬˵в˶
ѹ֡
治֪֮ǰԲõһ, ֮ǰǾͽ, һʼ, ҪȸɵЩ, Ƕǻú֡
ֲþҲҴҵǱء
櫿Ȱѻ鶼̽ˡ˵߹һ˿Ц, ˵ǻֲˣĵʲô, ʲôǶ֪һ
һľôֶˣһŵʡ
ֹ㲻֪, ڻ˯ʱ򾭳ᾪѺü, ÿζ櫰Ų˯µġǸ˵
ͺá˿
򡭡ҶԻ˻Щµء
Ǳȥһ·˲ٵ·, Ⱥûһܹ, ͱֱһƷ˳ȥ
ʱ˿̵Ļӽ, Ҫʱ򿴿ܼܲ©, ûɱ˻̸, ԽԽ˵Ĳ״ǾϨ˼
ǵˣǿӵĻ棬ĸܵ˿־, ʵʵֲ̫ˣ۸ʵ, ˭ûа취ɱ
ڴ󲿷˵УǿĶǻĿֲڻµ, ķһϤС
Ҳڡ桱ʱû׷ʵ׷ⳡ͸ϱӵˡ
ϱӵȺ˸ո׷ʱҲʮӣʱſˣҽҲûκܹ˵ö֮𽥵ؾԼûκܹɱˡ
ֱڷ¥һ¥ĴֱӴԺ̬˲еˣ֮״ҲʵΪ˸ķȴҲٲ
ĳֱϱ֡
ԼĻʲôղš桱жһжǾԼָӵģԻʵЩ΢
״Ϊʲôѡظϱӵֱ޷Ǿ˿ΡȻڻԼ˵˿¶˵Ѿϰˣ״оԲϲּ
ڣ״оظϱӵг̣Ҳİʾûһ

ֵĴ״нĵҪ֮ǰȫһ顣
㲻״дʱ˿̾ôģڲƻ£ȻҲ״С
ʱ˿ڽֵŸָˣǿǸɵľӢҲпĳطţȻЩ˻׷Żºͻܡ
ôһⲢһľսһ״еϷʱ˿֪Ϸݵֻ״УҲֻڿΧ⸱ʱ˲һĸо
ֵϴΧľɫĻصϱӵ¥ΧЩ׷ǵˣΧķʵŵģھһ䡣
ոշըõصʱѾȼܴ˵Ĳҽƺûӳ
ǵصĴʹǻҲǲ׽ӽģʱ˿ҲӳĻڰæȻ𣬲˵ЩҲǱˮнӲڰС
Ⱥ׷ʱͿ˻ͻԶԶĸվȼյĴǰ棬·ԼҲҪŭһ㡣
ɵƯ˵¿ǰ⸱˷ܵ˵ұΪֻǼ򵥵ɱ˶ѣû뵽ǾȻѾˡ
Ϊ˻Ѿ̫ˣĳǵ󡣡Աߵһ˵ѻǷŲġһŹˣûֵ¾ж˲
Ϊʲôô˶أ
һǻԴԺԽԽˣв˶»ĻƢԼ˵һΪһֱֵµķǣǳȥɱˣڷ˵ʵܵ飬ȻȻľͻ档
ʲôʱ
ϢѾˣѾ쵽ˡ
ǻ¡Աߵ룬ȻС˵;ǵ°ɣ
ôᡣЦŵһֱҲÿԣһֱεƿûѾȫŵڻɽ϶ֵ˾ǻˣҪɱ
һҲôİΪʲôƫƫŲأԱߵЩɻʡ
ǡ֮ǰĽܺðɣԸֱѵΪЦŵҾ㻪¾ڷӦôѾݵ̫ˣûа취ӳˡֻҪ΢һ㱳Ѵ˵뷨ôֻӾͻ˺ҧң㲻֪ζġ
¿Ա˻ŵǣӽԼĿһ˾ֵܵ˴ߣƺҪ˵Щʲôžͱˡ
ڳõûҲмע⵽ո˻Ǹϴŵһҹ£Һǰøȥ׷Щ¥̿еһԱ
ֻĿһۣͰ˻һɵᣬͺΧ˶˶ûйϵһ

û֪ںܾǰǸܻҪһ涼ǻѡĿԸһȥˡ
ѡȫ滪ԼģԵʱ¾ͰһЩԼϤ˵дȥ
Щϱ״бΧʱҲһŵģгûɱ¥Ĵ̿Ȼȥ͵ģȻҲв¥æͨ籨ŵġ
Ⱥ˽֧¥ˣΪȺ˵ʵԻѡЩǸҲȽ⣬ȺҲֻԼܵʶû֪Ϊʲôѡǡ
ڻµıᣬԱ߽֮˵İ¼˵ġҲüġ
ǻţ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ǻʲôһ
Сӡ˸оֵֹİԱߵզ࣬ոջһ£ôͻȻҪ
Աߵ˹۲˰죬ȻҡҡͷСʵһ̥׽͸Ƣ˱Ժܻиֵָӣ˭֪أ
⡭ǻӳЩǿŶŲҺ¶ЦĻ¶оһ¹ϵܺõĲŵıͷ˵ҲţҾԲţ
ѰɡԱߵһüѵĻӳ
ǻ£硣νĻֻƭһݶѡ
ԭ磬Ҳǣͷβûб
˵ʲôأԱߺȻһЩЩǼһ㶣æǱ߿ȥ
ȻǾͿһΪ˰˰ˡ
ӳ˱鶼Ѿľˡ
˵ǻ˹ˡ
úõĻӳͻȻ磬úõĽӳͻȻթʬˡ
þòȻЦŸǴк۾ȴһֱĶŸոڱۻµˡ
Ц߹ҸոǺ˵˼Ķ˵òã


ռȵ

Ҳ, ͦƵģ֪ΪʲôĻ, в˶˸¡
ոձŵ˲Լͷת˹ȥ, ͷתȥԺ, Ҳûǡ
, ӳԱЦ߹ʣôͻȻˣô֮ǰҲû֪ͨһ
֪ͨǸʲôǰʿ𣿡볰Ц˵һ䡣
ûԱߵŲػ, һԾˣֻʣŵںֱŲӿ
Ǽ˹ˡһ૵ĵ
ӳ, ʲôǼء
ܵһû˵εط, ӻͳһߣͷϣȵŪһ֮, ֱԭǸͨʮͤ
һԶԱȽƫƧĵص, һȺ˻һ, ﶼĵģųҲô, ֻж˲֪﾿˶ٸ֡
ĵһط, վһ, ͺΧÿ˶һ
ôˣӳǸ, ܹܿ˭Ц˵˵ֵĺ
ԡԱ˵Ҳܹƹ˶ãͿԿŻˡ
λǱ߱ȽԶ, 
ѻɱˣôǸЦô˵Ҳһ죬ѻɱˣµЩӿɾͲôÿˣϾܰȫϵһҲס
˵öԣȥ߻£ϾǸ˵Ը˵Ļɱ˻ء
ǺǡǸ˵Цʲô෴ͦĵġ
ô˵Ҳһˡ
Ǹ˵仰𽥵Сˣƺǽĳ档ӶѾˣԿɼѾ͸ʲô̶ȡ
Ȼ˵˵Ѱ飬˵ǻˣ֮ǰطҲκεطͽġ
һ˸治ͬʵ֪µʵݵģҲǸð硣ĻǼðģƺֶβ̵ĸѾӡÿһ˵С
Ϊʱ̫ˡ
ô죿Աߵһ߹Сʽ
ٵȵȿҲС˵󾿾ô
ʮͤļ˵ʱ򣬾ͺȻͣһ£ʶʲôʣôˣ
Ǹˡüͷ˸¥
ĸһ㶣ոջڵǸط
ԡûһ
֮ƤܿȴҲǱߡ˹ȥʱ˿Ҳв˶ɻ̧ͷǸ¥Ϊʱ˿ǿһȫʶŸ¥֮ȥ
𣿡һʮͤСֹɲһķ񰡡
˵˵ԸȷʵһСĽģڲͬˣΪ
ϾҪΪĽһˣ˱ǸرϲȨҲرпˣ£ôһأ
ΧвҲǸˣͬһߣӱһģ壬ûܹ³ݡ
˶ĿǸ¥
⸱ԶԶĿֱǻӭĵһ
ʹǲҲδЩ̫ˣʱ˿̣ȴȻЦ
һɻûأôҴҵҪԼѾ˷ӵˣ
ǸոյЩ˶ûһסġԱߵǸСĶŽ
ܿģղĿڻŵȺǻĵҲûôǸˣô׾ٵľȥˡ
ʱ˿̵ĸ¥ҲҪֵĶࡣ
ˡ˭˶ſŸոǸˣֶܴ֪ǿ˴󷽷ӣԼΧŵЩҲûʲôֻĿ
ոձ´Ⱥ¿̬ȶñϹϾģһЩɵڿ˵ʱҲɫæ˸
⿴ΧЩ˵Ķɵᶼȥˡ
ǻڲһЩ˸㲻˾˭ģһʼһ£Щ˾ôǣȺ˵ĹŹ̬ҲҲͣϵĶ
ˡǲʶиСĶԱߵ˵ҪҪɱ
ȷԱߵǸЦոҪȥȰˣɶһĵѪˡ㻹ҪȥͲ»˻㿪
ôһ˵ԱߵǸ˲һ૵ˡҲȥ𣿡
⴦¥ƽʱϲĵطҲΪáǸ˴ڣ¥ھȻĳĬڶվһߣûһ˿˵
ˡȻѾĵֵزˣվڽԱߵǸ֮ǰôҸȥһ̣Ǵûӡ
Ҳǻ̫ģǸ˵ֶ̫ˡĵ
ҡҲôʱƺҶӡֻ˲̣ò˵Ūȷʵһ֡
ޣˡ
תͷͷ˵
˵ĻͲҪ˵ˡ
ô˵ˣĿҲ˵ģ
ϣ˵ĸҪƵġԱߵǸСֹȻڽҪʱ˲ͿʼģԲˣҴˡ
Ϊһѻˣܴ𣿡ڸ¥ϵҰȻǷǳĺãǸôԶĿԶڶŵĻºͻ档
ɻȻӣĺͺûκԴ
⸱Ӿ״бһȺ˸Ͼ·ʱɲ׵صͷһ
ǸڵʮֵĵǽڿһϷһ
˿棬ȻЦЦȻԸһʱеһ˾Ȼת˳Ǹֵһ裬ӹһڣ豭濴һۡ
㣡ԶԶģҲһĻ˲ŭġ
Ҳ벻ԼĻʱȻһԼʶռȵˣǸ˻ô󷽷չʾ
ʱҲڸ¥֮ϣվڻ֮УӣҲȫãȻ֮⣬ᡣ
濴⸱ӣĺ޲̷ɱظ¥֮ϣʲôյķʲôԼĺ֣ͨͨںˡ
濴ҲһˣʱҲ㡣Ǹ˺ȻЦһĴ櫵ֻ֪𣿡
櫴ʱ˿̱Ǹˣɹųı顣
ȷǸˡ˵ֻϧҶ̫ûһ˿Ȥ
Ǿ鰡
֮ǰ˵õġ櫵ͷҰ鱨ȵ¶µĻʱʱҵݲκεĸı䡣
һҪ⻨Ůˡ

߸

ڵʽĳЩ˵ȫͷ, ΪһзĶ̫ˡ
ոջ滹߸ϵӣûκһܹȻתۼ, ʽͻȻ˱仯, ܾ巢ʲôҲ, ǻһӾ͵ȥˡ
ʤƽ𽥵ߣںǸ˵, ҲǶв²⣬ڳĴ󲿷˵, ĳʵԤϵ˵ġ
˻֪ºǸ˵ֶ, ЩԼĺܡ˿Ѿ˺ܾúܾ, ֻһӰԼĵȫƿ˶ѡ
Ǹ˭, ָǸո¥Ǹˡ
ŶǸˣ㲻, ûʲôϵµؿһۣȻͰԼ˻
ڸһ¶𣿡һӾץסص, ˻¡
²ÿɷ
㡭ʲôʱʼģ
һǲƺӲİǸЦŶԱߵ˵ڻ㲻ΪʲôҪɱ
µͷûлش⡣
ԱΧ۵֮УȻЩֵصûз֡˵е֣
ˣ
ڵӡ˵һ仰ͻȻס죬ΪԼĲ²Щ쿪, ԾͲ˵
֮ǰɹ¾ǻĹϵܺ²ֱƷ, ȴԻ˵Ĺעܶࡣ
Żȴܾ״̬̫ԡ
ʵ£ûʹӦԼȻһС뵽־أԼˣĻ, »ررķŭлĽ°Ƥ˵˼Ȼʱ˿̣ӻϿʹ࣬ǡˣ
һ֡ıˡ
ﲻò˵˵ĳķǳζ뼴ʹ֪ĵˣҲ֪ĺǿ⸱һ־ĸоǲĶ࿴˼ۡ
˵ʱ˿̵ΪʲôǱأ񡭡˵Ըʲôط̫ӡ
ǡʲô֪飬ԲŻ
ӳԭ硣ʱ˿ߵЩŵĲھ±ں𽥵ҲѾʵˡӱӵġ
ʱĳЩĽ̶ܳȻԶԼģЩڽʵ֮֮ǰһЩ벻׵𽥵ܹˡ
硭ɲⰡʱڷĸп
˺üˣôѵʶڡ
֮ǰһֱ˵¥֮һֱڽԼʱһ췽ҹ̷쿴ôҲŷԭļˡ
Χضһߵˣڴ󲿷ֵĽ˵ǵȻ֪ɻǸ֮Ľףǰľǵֱӡ˽ѾӵôЩ̶̵ʱһֽġ
ЩǵԡԱС˵ֱҲŴŲ³ӳ羿ôô˵Ƥӵ²ôõġ
ܻ½С硱ʱЩϰߣͣһ£ͺ˵ǾҪǵʱ羿˶鱨
ôһᣬ˲źȻ͵ʲôҪĸо׷̧ͷǸˡ
Ҳʱǲŷ׷׵ʶһֱŵĺĳԱǡĿĺĳԱ
Ŀ֯һԭ֮һΪ˶ԸЩ߻ħķӵģȻҲǵͷŴ֮һ
ǡʶʱ򣬴ҺȻ־ֻĸоиŮС˿ڿˮǡһֱԸ¥ЩףԼʵ֪ģ
ֹ֪Աи˱ľ˵
Щ鶼Լȥִеأ˵ȥٰ磬ƭĽʲôġ
ŵЩǻʲôнֺٳݣʱ˿һ뵽ּȥɱĳ棬ǵľֺҲѾҪˡ
ŵЩ飬»лЩ顣ʱԱߵһ˺Ȼ˵ˣԻӳȥõٻڲϡ
˻ԱߵҲ΢΢˿
ֲáһ˵һСĵĿĻ档
ֲûʱ˿̱Ƴ
˻⣬б֯ġһ˵ͷС˵Ĺص࣬ڴ㱣ʵģ£ôͬΪõܶһֵϣЩЩɽн׵ġ
Щȫڷڱ͸һǷԼϾֲһȺŵԽԽ¡
֮ǰҲһ˭ûʶµϾȻôܡ
µ񣬿ŻڵӣЩǾЩ㱡
ǻӳΪʲôҪһֱݵôأʱ˿̣һոһֱվڽһԵ˺Ȼ˵
ûгƺΪ磬ǰӳƽʱƽĳƺʱ˿ȴȻڴҵＤһƬܴ
ҼʹϿƽģʵ涼ڲӿ
ܵľǰѻ˵ĸ滰һ
ԻӳΪʲôҪݵôأ

´ʱ˿̶һǰС˧ȷһȷʵˣò˵С˧ӵı츳һ㻪½һЩעȱĻԭ
⻹ԭҲ̫ʵˣû¶еƤ
״оС˧絽˵ʲôΪ״нС˧ĻģʵǸ㲻˵Ҫʲô
˵ûԼԼִڵĻվʵϱӵĽԣ¥Щѹˣֵһ𡭡γˡ
֪һжٵģʱ˿̵Ļл˵ܸУҲ˵Ϊʲô
״У״𣿡¿ʼС磬˵˱ֻϷ״вҪ̫Ͷˣܲ״з·һػûи
˵ɱңΪ԰ɣȻᡣ
ԲС˧αװ״Լ˺֮ΨһһֳܷĻֻлԼ
һ¡
Ҵûк¹κˡ̧ͷŻµ
ҲûԼߵ˻ᱳҡ
֪˾״ҲֻϷѣ״˵仰֮˲ʲôͷƤ
ֳ˲ͱסԼı顣
״дʱ˿ƺѾϱӵĻ֮УΪڵ龰ϱӵĳ̫ơ
ֻΪ״ЩѾ˺ܾˡ
״е仰ƺڶԻ˵ģƺڶԱڶϱӵЩ˵ġЩҲֻԼ֪
ںҲ˻ĻüͷȻһ塣
һۻ£ֿۺǸˡ
ǸҲԶԶĿŻ£Ϻƽʵϣָܹ߸ϣʤȯյĸо
ſţȻתŻǱȥ
ܾǸ˿Żµڿһˡڿһݵż



ոһֱ, Ӹղſʼһֱû⵽ôһ£Ψһ׵ľǻе㲻ԾطҲе㲻Ծ
кüζǰȥлµ, ڤڤ֮һֱֹ
ͷһοӵĻ, ӡз·ССİٲתתȥٿõӡ
ʱΧվźܶǰֻ˵, û˵ˣҲûʲôʵСֱŻվȺ֮, ͷһθܵŶԭĻڽ֮ҲһȷѪ˰
ڰٲһ´кֻĲ֪ô졣
һֱת뿪ûܸκεĶԻ, ֻĿš
ȻͿǸˣòǸԼҵĻһģȴ, ǸԺ, ߵЩ˲ۼĳΧΧ, ƺҪصĸһ㡣
̾ĲǸ˻Σ
һֱ˶, ŬԼΡ
ҲվȺ֮, ոҾȻˣĿǰվڸ¥ſڵĵط
Ǹ˪, һֱض, ΪûߵԵʣϵһһ
ˡȻЩģ롣
ոĿ뿪ʱ˪Ȼͷ΢΢Цһ¡
һð˲ЩͷƤ顣
ʼʶˡ˵˪ݿôҪǳ¥ȴ֪жҪСĵһ, ΢Ϳ̽䡣
˾һ䲻أҪ뷽跨ȥҪӰ쵽ԭеļƻ
ҪʵʩƻȽѣΪСĿ˿ˡ
˵Ƥӵ£ѹʲôٶ
Ŀǰһܺõǣ˪ʱҲûа취Լ鱨ǸˣΪڻƤӵҲʲô¡
ֻҪ˪Ǹ֮ǰľٶˡ
´ʱ˿̻ڶŻ棬ոֳ˼ˣÿһ˶˺أǻǰȴԵࡣ
ô˵Ҳôʱ书ˣƾԼʵ⽭ϿҲѾǶһԴʱ˵УĳԵۻҡ
С˧ҲǺصģԻµʱѹû֣֮㹻˿Ŀ࣬ǽµĵשм鱻ġ
ʵµĳϤ˿ƽʱαװʱĳûʲô𣬵ֻҪһ뵽ʱ˿Ե˭𺳸оȻ
˻ºͻ֮⣬ƺҲѾʶı仯ˣΧЩ˶һѷӵȥŬĽ˸ϵһ𣬲Ҷǻ
ԶԶĿƺǱɽ
Ҿڻͻ½д򶷵ʱΧżлͻȻˮ˶Է¶ڻ˵һСĴӶ˱¶ԼݣΧ˶Щɵˡ
Щ˼ÿڱ˻֮󣬶Ի±ϹϾת֮䳡ϵľƾͷ˷츲صı仯
ôŵ˼ȫԻ±ϹϾЩ˸ˡ
ƽʱرǫѷƽʱŶֵµĲ̫ģΧܹȴ
鲻ͣˢǵֻۣԱߵһ͵ϲͷ̾һ˵Ȼܹÿ˶ڳޣôطҲǿԵġ
Ҫȫһط¡
²ֺԴΧ̬Ҳʮֵĺֱ治¡
ڻһ̹ʱޱקһ˶ƣȻȻ䷢һҽУź潻֡
ɱϵƣִϵµɱüëֱ
ǶΧЩ뻨ķ˵ǰĻ¾Ȼ˵껹δȫʱĻ档
ˡԱһЩͨĻ˶Ŀ˻£ЩﲻԸϣǲò˵ڵĻ¿һֻӰӡҲӵĻǲԶǧ
ʱ˿̾Ҳ̾ΪʲôºĻôϵʶࡣ
Ѿ̫ˣĳѾû֮ǰˣȻûֺãȴг徢ӵᡣ
Ҳڲ֪һʲôת֮УºȻһͿ˻ĺϡ治һ򣬲ˤڵء
һ¼ǸΧһźţǵ͵
㿴Һ񡣡Ȼ̧ͷ˵
ֻǺݺݵĶ˵ٷϻ̶еĵ濳ȥ
ڵһͨͨķܹﵽģӦʲôֶΡʱ˿̣ЩĿϳԱҲѾʵڴҶ˼¾һֱŵͬʱһԷӺ˽ĲͷȻ˵
ʲôֶΣԱߵ˺ʵ
ǰʱ˵ֳһΣյĹƳ桭ʱҪȥΧ˵ģϧºĪľûģʱҾ;ÿʲôè壬δزǻ°ʹЩֶΡǸϲͷ˵
һУݺݵĽһλ沢ûһһɶֱӵ˵ϣеĵҲһԡ
Ȼϲͷ̾һѾֹƳˣɱ˻棬ԼҲùġ
ֹƳ棿Χ˶ϲͷ˵Ļǳ⡣
֮ͻ˷ĹƳ档ϲͷ˵˾Լʵǿ󣬵ҿֻǽԼһ·ˡ
㿴ڵĻûҲһթˣڹƳĥ£Ѿһͷβķӣһֱǿ;𣿡
ô
Χŵ˶һЩ˼飬ϾǶ¹
Ȼ˵ڿһֱƭǣڳϦദ֮УǴΪһɵӣµͷԷǳѡ
һܹϾ·ķǿȻ̫˵Ը
Ϊʲô
˻û⵽ôһ£ͿѾ߸ϵĿŵϵĻ档
絶һ㣬ʱ˿ǰһпֱһֻһ㡣
Ļ潫վڻ˵ЩɱȻԼ˻Ĺ
һһģһվ˳ɹµĹ

˵£קѾ˵Ļ棬һһߵ˸¥ߣȥǸˡ
쿴״̬Щ㶯ʲôֽ𣿡ǸԱߵ櫡
֪ͺá˵ֻһЩ򵥵ҩû뵽ĻЧˣϾһﻹѵʱҲûа취ҩɹġ
ѣΪҩ㡣ǸЦ˵ֻҪ㣬ǶҩҲȥġ
ǸȻЦŵģҲһɵӣǵۿ½ǰȻݺݵʱҲɵһ¡
Լеıѹ˻ϣⲢûһɼƻ
»֤ˣ˼ƻɵ൱
治㰡Ǹ˺Ȼп
ظŻߣƺժĿ˭
ȻʱºȻ˵һ£һ֮롣
ţǸ˲
롭⣬𣿡ºȻ˵

֪

Դӱ´Ժһֱͷ, ϸĳ˳۾Ʈ
ڿǳƣƽʱ۶ôķ񣬶ô׽, ǰԼʰĺܺÿôǱӵȷʵѼġ
ͻȻҪ, Ǹ˵ȷһ¡
ʱ˿ʵǲӦµġ
ΪȷʵЩŻ, Щ䣬ں޲̽û˹עĵطȻ֪è̫ӡ
ǻһֱȻƢȥܱ, ȴû̸ʲô, ҶѾʱ, ٷµҲԵЩ֡
˴ǲϣûȥʵģʱѡΪ
ЦŶԻµǵȻʲôǿԵġ
Ĭһ, ˵˾䡰лл
ʱ˿Χвٻ˶վţǶʶ, ˶Իµĵⶼ
ڳ˵ֵ, Ǵʱ˿̿ŻµҪһ
ǧҰģֻ껨ȴаһ˵Ȱ趼Ժ
ＸͽֵĴˣǰƵҲСв˶¥ɳ롣ʵǺ˳ǵ£ǻϱ
ڻվĻ˻ǻľӢԱ֮ǰյϢ
ҲһҪ, ûпǶǾһҪκζ
ԸղǸʱǲֱ㶵վһ, һľͷƵġ
ڵĶǱ˻棬ֻԼ֪Ǵʱ˿վΪʲô
֮ǰȰһΧɵˡ
ʱ˿̻Ѿ׷ŴˣΪ涼ץסԭԸͬɥ֮ȮЩɵ˿汻ץסһ͸˼Ѫһ
Ƚһ¥ĲԱվλãȻֽʮͤͷ˽
ʮͤͷ˾װĽǸ˵ԭƻʰ˻֮תȥʰʮͤҲʱ֪ԭ˶ʮͤҲǺ֮ǡ
룬ʮͤҲǾɳˣǰҲֻǻ˼ѣʮͤ˵ǰƼʮˣȻֵıȻҪߡ
ʮͤ⼸˱½йվһߣ˴ʼնڹ۲ŻµĶ
ڽʮͤЩ˽Ժ󣬻ֽ˼ɺ֯ˣолׯˡ
ׯġŮ˽һһĵˡ
ΪϷĺ֮㣬ׯĳֲò˵ҲǸӵģвڿŮϹϾںʱ򶼳һ
Ǹ˿ŮʱҲЦһ£ĵϵܱסĶǵϵ
һҲûܿǸˣͰͰĲţڲú֣һɨ棬˳ŬܿЩ˵ߣһè̫ӽеĸ˳һЩ˿Żµľٶĵ˵ͷ
ͻһľȻ˿ĺһֱǳСĽͷ·ĸѾ̽Ĺһ
ͷβǸ˶ĿţҲĹһԣں棬ıһֱΪ浣ǵӣȴ֪ɵ
ڰ֣Ųһһʱ򣬺Ȼ俪ڵáǴʲôʱʼģ
ʹŵͷȻ΢΢̧ǸҲȻ˻һۡ
ǸЩУ㳬ߡ
֮ӣСȺ֮еĽ㣬ԼܣҲûԼһı˲ڽ»ôɰڲ滮һ
ԼһôõˣʱҲֶβ̣ǹأһֱһˡ
ĶԻ˵ţڶԻһԭ˶ԻµǣȴҲȤζȻŻ˵ʲô
ľٶʱЩףһֱ֪ۣǵ뷨ΪǶ˵ͨͨΪǡ
һˡ
ߵ˻ǰͷܳһʱĳɢһأڵϣһƵĺߡ
ںһֱ͵͵Ĺ۲Ż£֪ӦעⲻڻڹעŻµһһ
ʵ춼Ѿڻֵµ׼ˣݹһΣǴλǻµ֣ʱŭĻҹ棬º룬ֺеطԡ
治ֻµˣǵʱ漸ԩ޳𣬻ҲûбҪôԶרΪ˿һ
º󾭹ļ̽ȷϡֵºӦл²͵ģʱʲôԻŻôһ
һûҪСȴֿºһȷǷǳľ׼Ҽûиһ˿
ʱΪʲôҪôҲֻһЩ²ѣǵʮͤݻʱѾԽԽˡ
ʱûߣôվڻǸλϵ˾
һ˵ϣỹԹΪʲôҪôۿŻ¾ҪΪһˣ⼸ǽΪһ˵Ļһˡ
һ˲ʶˣǻ½һ˿ߵĻ
ʱ¾ʲôǲģº桰ԸƳ˵飬֪һ
˵ҪùƳƽôʹܹ⽭һʵҲ̲סȥ
ô˶ԻڵĹһ氲ʵˡһĺıҡԻµӡһֱûбá
֪Ӧûܡ
ʱ˿̻ӦҲѾܲˣΪֶ󣬽ֻ΢΢Ǹ󣬾ѾܹϢĸо
ֻ֪ҪȥԶһֱᱻû
濴Ż£ıƺЩƺЩãȻµͷѾԼеһжǸˣôһһһ⣬ѣȴ֪ʵѾƭ㣬һУڱ͵Ķ
ι
櫿ں˻һ䣬Ҫټ˵ˣ¹ϵԭһ仰ǵû̫ЩƵĸо
˭µĻû˵櫣һһ⡱ѡǻԴʱŻе̬ȡ
ڳĻлľɲ櫻뱩¶̫࣬ѻԡ
ͷΣһᣬȻЦˡ
Ц͵͵ģһֻѻڵͿմǻ
Цʲô߹ҲЦ̧ѵ˵Ĳ𣿡
ʱѾɥ֮Ȯһ˵仰ʱȴĪ
ԡ
ĿŻ¡
ʱ˿̣ǰĳѾϱӵĳ޵ص·ʱѾںһ
ҲЦ

ʵϸոЦҲЦЩ̲סԼеЦˡ
Żһ¡桱ʱ˿̺ȻϷҲһ¡
Ϊ桱ЦͻȻҲЦͣ
ʱһЦȷʵû˼һ֪е뷨֪ΪʲôģΪʲôϲãʱͻӵĸо
ʱʹվȫİ˵Ⱥ֮УҲǱһ
ɰĹڵϣֻƽģɵģһϲ֮顣
ǸԭڰȵţŻЦüͷȻһֲд
ðɣӮˡºȻͷȥ
չȥ˵ǾϱδĻ
֪ǲᱳġ

Զᡣ

ǻ

ڻ˵仰һ˲, ֵĵƺȻȫˡ
ֵĵ˵Ļǻܽл
£ƻͨĻͻȻһƬڰ
۾Ӽɼʱ, ۶һӦḶ́ʲô֣Ѳ
ԭŵʱ, ͬ, ˶ܿɾһľ
еĵƹⰵԺ󡭡
˼

ȵȣǸĿԼǰĵƹʧ, ˵ʵ, һԼûӦ
ﻹûĥ׷ʲô, ߾ͺȻ΢ļۡ
һ仨Ȼһ, ٶȷǳĿ, ˵ʵܸߣڿ£Ҳֲʲô
֪ܿˡ
ΪЩȵҺ彦ϣҺ廹һζ
΢·ᴫȾһ㣬Ӹ¥ʼѸӵ棬֮, һƬ֮ҺȾ
أǸȻһɼĿ־塣
ûס˻µı, أ
Χûκ˻Ӧ
ֻ΢ġۡǹӰһ, ޵ںڰ֮
Ȼͱ޴Ŀ־û
³˴ʱ˿, ûоôֵʱ
ڳ˵ֿ죬ӦҲ죬ԻƾıܷӦֵס֮еĹ, ǼʹǴʱ˿̵ҲܵƵģ͸˵ͨˡ
Щǵȴ·һ㶼ûͻĺڰӰ쵽һ
ǵּҸںڰ֮Ҳڰһ㡣
˶ǵĺ̶̵֣Ϣ֮Уе˷׷׵ǵ¡
ǷӦһ
ûʲôΪͿ
һ£ΪûΧȺ˺ȻסΪʲô
ʵǽסˣʮͤһЩ˴ʱ˿Ҳסˡ
ԭܼ򵥡вҲһϹӡ
Ҳʲôӡ
Ա˽ʱǺԥһͱ˹ȥֱӰ˸
ֱʱΧ˷ļкͻһƬڰ֮УܴȾŵģҶͷӬһܡ
Ҷ֣ǵӴˡü߿ȻץԱߵһʣôˣôΧôң
˲֪Ϲ
ⱩƢһ⻰˲ͻˡ
հ˸ʰ꣬Χ˵ķӦģģʶʲô¡
ôˣѵǻ˿äҩǵʱеķӦ
Ҫ˵˵Ĺ˼άҪϹӴʱҲǻǵƻԻ͵ӡ
͸ڳһѹԻͻȻϨеƻûи
Ϊϵ˶֪һǳϲ֣ϲҹˡ֮һǵƻͨġ
һϲķӡôὫԼںڰ֮أ
ף磿ǰҲȻ䡰Ϲˡ
ڸոյǰҲ˻˵Ļʱʱһ£û
ȻǰȻͺӳ׻ң벻׷ʲôˡ
Сĵ㣡ԱߵĹСĵĻˣֺ֣ܿͻĺڰҲû˵
ĵӵǻڿ϶֮תһתģʱոջµǾ仰Ѿй˺üˡ
˵ᱳѻ棿
Ҫɱ˻ۼĿԳΪһ˵Ļᣬôܻô׵ؾͷ
벻ףʵϻ¶ô׵ľͷκһ˵˼·ɱ˻涼ϲߡ
仰Ϣ̫ӴˣĲϸ룬ȴֲòϸ롣
ˣˣڵȫˡ
ϣҵ£Ȼ˵˵⵽ô¡
ڻһҲ֪ĳˡ
ıرãʹڸոǵʱҲһ£ȻŷӦ˹
֮ǰֻǽ۷ʲôҪţ۲֪ǣΧ⣬˻Ǳȥׯˡ
ۿԼǵ˪ߣʱ˪ﲻ֪Ĵ㣬ҲȻãȻ֮УܿҲӦ˹
ΪҲȥׯˡ
۲֪һ磬ֻ˹ȥȻƾԼӡ󣬳˪֡
˪ԭлһƬãȻأǵ۳Ժ۾ȻͱһƬ
Ҳ֡

ʱв˵۾ѾģģĿ嶫ˣͷѾΧĶˣģģĺڰ֮Уǿļһĳ
ҲЩˣڴҰõλãȻľͿϲǺƺȻһȫ
ովȴȻ˴ӱס
С㣬ȲҪ
˵Ϥ˲ʶǺŮ
櫵ʱͲվ۾Ҳ˲ͺˡ
룬ȥ
»Ĵӵվ˳˸ոչڵϵС˧磬С˧ʱʵµģΪȫոջΪʲôͻȻ˵Ǿ仰ǰһĻ֪ģû̫ȡ
жˣĵʡ
ǻһׯġС˧˵
๻ˡ롣
һƬ֮ʵҲʲôȫƾͼסĵͼ
˵һֱڹ֮УûнӴڰһȻҲֻлġ
ȰѻׯҲ˹
ǸҲ󲻵ׯҲǻˣׯȺ˳궼ںڰ˶ͻĺڰѾӦˣʱҪ۾һȺѾ˻˵Ķһ
Ա͹һӣºС˧ںڰ֮л·ӹС˧ϵߣȻ󻺻ϡ
ΧĵƺȻȫˡ
ΧЩؽ˵ﻺ߳һȺ
ǴȹŵոϨĵƻ±ǵ
ǻһйˡ
ֻһεĹⲢǺɫģǳȻɫģŽ⡣
ϵЩСС̽ΣͷϵľƷ·ϵİߣɫĵƹһգ˲ų˶ĿĹʡ
ԱߵĺˮҲԡ
˻˶ͻһ¸ŪˣողӦ˺ڰ۾Ȼƹһ˲;÷ۣͺ»ص˼һ
˱ر任Ĺ߸ŪǰһƬѣΣ׷۾
ǸҲգգ۾۽Ǳƹ̳ᣬһγǰģһϣĻ档
ʱĻûһĺۼֻƽҪ
һϿκһ˿ǣոɢͷҲѾˣ·Ҳġ
ǸԱ߿һȦԱߵЩ˴ʱвٶԼĺ˵ϡ
ԼʱҲһȺ˰Χš
½һ¡
Ʋ豭ǡ
ǻ档

˶̧ͷ棬ʱĻһεƻͨڵƹԺ󣬲źȻԼҲΧһȺˡ
ǰĻ棬ͷ˿ڲ裬ûлͷ
ĬĬİԼ°ͺϣ˳Ӽ
ܾˡʱͻȻߡ
£Ҫ¡һᡭȫˡ



֮, ˫Ѿ˷츲صת
ԭڱ׷ŴĻˣʱѾѹŶԷв˻ϡͿ, ںڰ֮бߡ
֮ǰµĻׯʮͤˣҲȻתԼìͷǻׯˣ̶̵֮, ͼŵ˸¥֮ϵˡ
С˧´һߣǻʱģ˳ȥߵʱš
㡭
Ǹ˴ʱ˿̿»ûлع, ºһڲ󣬵Ŀ۴⡣
¥һֱ, ƻͨһƹĺ
ˣƺҲãȻһᣬܿϾ͸ֳϲá
æͼѿߺŮǣ, Ҫܵߣһһ˵ԭû£ˡ
ûܹȥߵĺŮץסĸ첲, ȻӲİ˻ȥ
һ̧ͷۺŮ, ֻŮ˫Ѫ۾ԼЦ⡣
Ȼֽű

Ǹ˳Ĭһ, ȻЦŻǺͿ
ôͿˣµ˵
ȻͿĻ˴ʱ˿ҲѾʶ˻ԭһֱѵ
ϴʱ˿ȫ֮飬Ż, ૵Ȼҵֵ¶ôֽ治ǡһ˰
ֵͬʱźܶණоͰɵĽͷʱ˿ҲѾ˻ׯ˻ʮͤˣԼһЩɣǶѾˮ׼Žˡ
Ǽһ˵
˴ʱ˿̵ʮֵ侲Ҵ˿Ŀǣͺ˿Լľһ
⻰ǺȻЦѾȥˣڲ
𣿡̧ͷЦſ£¾Ҫ˴ùˣΪϵĹƿɲôýġ
ƣʲôƣ¼װ֪
˲ҪĹơǸĵŻ£棬ȻڿûзôףƺһֱԼӣҲѾԾ˹ƳĿͷɣӦò᲻֪һʲôӡ
µĿŻ棬ͺԼ߸ϵӣڵȫҵ
ϧϧȻ˵Ĺֻ֪ôĴۣͼֺ㣬Ҳ
˵꿴ûʲôӦЦһµ㲻𣿡
ոջһվŵŮȻʹסӣ˵ϣʮֵ
ôͻһ£Χ˶һ׷ת
Ǹ˵ĿһŮȻЦŶԻ˵Ҳڿ㣬ҲҪŪЩٵĶŻˣ㾡û»ҵǰúõԭ£˵һһ
вٸոմӻ֮ѹ˶Ļ̧ͷ
ȻҲŻһЩɡ
¡ȻʲôͨոյЩԻɴҲ˸롣
˲ͷӿһɿϲ̶һɬ
ʱ˿̣һһֱͷʼЩĶڱ֤ˡ
ǾǻΪλͻȻ䣬ΪλͻȻɱ˻档
巢ʲôֻǴŵĲ²⡪Ǹ˿˵ʲôĻ
¾вţΪİȫǻİȫòίߣһװҪɱһռ鱨
˵Ϊʲôʱ仪һֱıܿͼ½ʱҲܸоԷЩԸ˵ӡ
ԭԷǺ
жڻºͻ˶ûʲôеģ߱һһѡﻪ£Ҳԭ
½ɱ˻棬ϹλãñµĽҪõĶࡣΪʵһǸ˵ϹȻпƻµĶ
֪Լڵ龿ô£ӵĸо֯˵
ֻ롭Ȼô¶
¡᰸ո˵ĶԻǣͷȻӿһɿϲܿʶǰ״ƺá
ܿ죬Ǹ˽Ļ̾ͽ˵
¡Ǳвģ
ãȻʱ򣬺Ȼһ˳Ÿ¥֮߹ȥ
ˣĿǰĽһͣˮ
֪ǣˮһûиˣַǳĿ죬Ҵκ档Դ˵̬ȶһġǵ˿
ֻжԴʱһ㡣
Χʲô飬¶ľһ˿һĶҡ²ΨһĿľΪս桪ںҹĹ
ˮŻ߹ȥޱ飬ĽȴԽԽŨˣƺҲҪһѽ
Ǹ˿ˮʱ͵رһʡ
ŻЦǺǡû뵽ɣˮһ˰ֱǹһֲ
ˮûһĳŸ¥ƽ
һֱÿ춼ڱǿҾңȻ鲻ıץİѱˣҲˡϧ
Ǹ˵ſϧϵЦŨ
й𣿶˵Ļ𣿡ºȻر֪һ⡣
֪ʲôˮǲκӵģͲκӣҾ˵кηҽɵΪ㡣ǸЦŶԻ˵
Ǹ˶֪ˮǸӣ˽֮κ飬ʱֻȥһ£û뵽һ˵Ϲˡ
ˮ¥֮£˵ĿⶼۼϣΪˮ˵ԱԵ߸һս˵ġ
¿ˮȻеЦ
ʵСͬ־Դ֮ͻϲôʶԷˣû뵽컨£Ȼǧ˹
ȻഺڵСȻ϶ԼҪǼһ»̲סܡ
ȻǸ˵
㲻ΪһôķһĶҵѶסɣ
Ǹסˡ
ʲʲô˼
²˵ֻǵĳȥ

ոսźƵʱ򣬹ľôôòȻΧľɫҲɺȴʼնһѹѪȵĸо
ȵΧĽɫЩ̫ϰߣȴȸոպöˣֻǷԱߵᰡ
ƹ·һжյ͸
ȵȣЩˡʱ˿̹ĲźȻʶΧȻһȺƷĽˣ֪ΪΣȴһֱûʲô顣
ʱҲԺվ˿Լߵˣߵļ˶Ѿ˵ϣΧһȺ֪ðĻˡ
Ⱥŵվʵ̫ˣǿʼ
ΧǽӲӵģԼǡûеµôˣǲò˵ʱ˿̣Ѿһɾˡ
ʱĬԱæµţиովվһߵģ֮ǰ֪ʲôطġ
ĹɾļŵЩƷ˵һȺߵڽֵϴţոջϱŪĵͨͨʰ
ɡ
ûбı飬ҲûѹѪȵķΧһжôƽĿΧЩ۽µ룬ΪԼѾһͨĵط
ﶼˡ
ǻ֣һ֮ǰδĻ֡
Ц
һ桭⽭ĵһˡ
ҵУм쾭壬ǾǽһҪ飬ûġ

Ӱ֮

˻˵仰, ¥µˮƺӦ̧ͷ¥˹
Χв඼ȻһܾһԼͽ춯صһ򶷣Ȼȴֻˮ˳¥, Χ˶ֿ
ǡʲô˼Ǹ˴ʱѾȫסˡ
ֹ, ҲѾס, ΪĶ¥ݣĿˮһ߹
ζεĳ, Ȼʵˡ
ȻлЩɻģǾΪʲôҪֿˮ·, ѵǻҪˮһһԲŲԼǲ
, ˵Ӧþİɡ
ϾǿµһͰ
¿СһһڸԱߵ˷Ըһ, ̰һ, ˻µԱߡ
ɡЦ˵Ҳþöûл, û뵽һȻ
ˡˮģֻ˵ҪˣԲһ, û뵽ǵûĻܿİ
֮ǰʶһԺͻȻһ仰
ʱ˿, ǸһҲͻȻˮص˾
û뵽£Ⱦһ˿֮µһͣȻڻ

ĵȷȷһըϢ, ը˽ڳеˡ
ŵˣĽˣϢ𾪵һͿ
ʱ˿̣Ǹ˲ģģʶո˵Ǿ仰ʲô˼
ܹŵùҵ˲ࡣµЦš
κҵˣҶ׼һССľϲ
Ҳһ̣Ǹ˲źȻʶһֱƭ˵Ĳֻл£Ǹƭǰ
û
֪һУһֱڲֵȴ
һԿ˰֣˰죬ȴȻֿʼð亹
ȻʶȻԱڵĿϷⲢζЩʱ˿̱ʲôԵ
ΪʼգһжֻǻԼݵϷˣҲֻǱԷŪŵһˡ
Լʱͻĵһ棬ʱ𾪵Ĳɫ֣ǼԿ͸һе
ƺǰһ壬֣ܹ֪Ľ̶Լӡ
ôĪǾ¡
ԽԽÿ¡
Ȼ룬ǻ¾˻һǻΪԴ̬ȶԼһ
㡭ǸŭģŻ˵Щһ֪
֪ô᲻֪أȻЦ
Ǳ˹ȥоǱߵɱ֮͵شһæ˵ľ͸ϵ˻ߡ
֮ǰͻԼõİšֻʱΪѾǸˣ;ϻ¸ɵ棬ȻתͷȥǸˡ
ӳһǸóʹˣǸʶ֪ʮͤĸˡ
ôǸ˿Ժ˲ɱһͷԹԵվڻ棬һֻȣԲһ仰
ʮͤ鱨˰ɣЦ˵ǵ鱨˽˺ܶ飬һ֮еһЩ֪֡ǰʼӴǵ𣿡
ͷվں棬оɱһֱûɢȥͷȫ亹
ȻƺһۣʶʱΪܣλһܹͶңһˣδؾͲ㡣
һ˵ţһϷŪƵĶԽʣԲԣ
ԶԶԣ˵̫ˡæͷСһ
û仰⡣
ƺǱһ᲻صЦһƾЦһȷӦѾϳ
ˡѵ֪ϵ˻ȻϵǸ˵飿
һ߶ͷð亹һ߱һ˿еĽοԼûµģûµġ㻨Ҳ֪ôණ
˭֪ոհʱȴֺȻ˵ǿȥ˻µķϣôС϶ѱˡ
仰ǳɭղŻһ㶼һǽȴϤ
һθʱľɭˣ·ʱҪ飬ſµѹȸС
ʱıȻͿհˡȻߣʲôҲû˿ü
Ҳһ㶣ΪոǾ仰˵ģ״ͻȻܳ˵ġ
һ˵ԭ״ɵ
ʱ˿ȴ˵ˡ
ǸϸĻԼʮͤӴʱ״ͷβûзֹԷʲô֮󲻵ʮͤͻôһģΪ֮伸ûдκηżǵж״̬
ȻȫȫŻ˵ġվںǸȻӣ͸һñӣ֪ϵһУûʲôܹùˡ
֪Ϊʲôͨͨһ仰˵͸˵ܾرܳԴһֹ⻷ɡ
Ǹ꽭仰󣬾ͳ׵˳Ĭ
СֿǱߵڵϲͣġŮһۣĵûˣɡ
ŮȻûһĹһԶԻ˵ˣˡ
һˣɵ䡭Ƕһ𾪵ĿԼԭЩϤˣЩΪԶᱳǵѷ׷վ˳ߵ¥档
һЩΪѾѳҲʵʵվΧлһƽϵվһߡ
ôҲ
һʱ֮䣬Χһ仰
¥ȺɱǾȵĿǵ¥վ˳ޱߵ˻棬ͺһжһ
׹ǻºȥҵģʱûûµݣǴ˻ߡ
һʼ׹۲̸ͼɱڱºúõĽѵһٺڵϣѵϣ¥һֱȥ𣿡
ʲô˼׹ĿŻ¡
ûʲô˼ֻ¥ط˵Ҳһ顣仰ΪԼ˵ģΪ˵ġ֪뵱һ¥ֻȥ˵Ŀܡ
Ϊ¥¥ôң߸ǸˣҲɱ㡣
Ȼµ죬ĵȵ׹۱ˣԼ¥ĻϢ
֪һǳóŪĵˡЦŶǸ˵
ŪģұҪǿĶˡ

˴ʱ˿̶˴ãȻ
һֱǶ˵ܹ͸ģһֱ⾿ǸôĿ͸
ֱڣˡ
ǱΪԼ׼һϷȴû뵽ԼһֱֻǱеӡ
߸ߵ棬ƹ
ΪԷǸˣû뵽Ȼһֱѵһ
ɣҪˡ¶Աߵ˵ʰʰ׼ʹ·
µǸ˺ȻЦЦмЪ˹
ȻŻƿڴµɱôҸ㣬ˣҲʲô³ġ
𣿡̧ͷһߵʵڽ֮ǰи󵨵뷨ģ֪ʲô𣿡
յ˵ǰ𽥵ĿʼŤϣܹһӵľ˲Ҫ֧ӣҪڻӰ֮¡
Ǹ˵ЦȻֹ

һкȻһֹԭһЩΪΧ״ˣҲ͵ؿ˻
һʱ֮䣬ĵġ
ض˵
µ񡭡ûѵûǸ𣿡

һЩ˵Ļ

֮ǰ˵仰ǻᱻЦ, ʱ˿˵ԺڳȻûκһ˸ҿ
ΪҶֻ֪Ҫ˵ó, õ
һ, ˵û뵽ƻľȻ, ɱ֮ǰ̼ĻҪĴ
ҲûµϹȻʮͤ˽, պϻǸ˸ûҪΪµƿߡ
һΪ鷳, ΪûҲ鷳
Ƿ׷̧ͷ, ˻˵Ļж¶һм
ʵ˵, ԼҲûȻ뷨
治ŵҲл˵Ǵ治, Ϊŵ, Ӧֹ
¡
ҲҪ˵ʲôǴʱ˿, ҶѾ֪¸ϵ, Ҫ˵϶Ϥˣǻ¾֮һ
ŵֲ, ŵļƻ¶֪һѾԴ˾ܵĲá
ɶǱ԰ȥԵ, Ҳͬľء
ģĲ֪ΪʲôͻȻĳôһ, ԱߵЩãȻָһ˵ҸոտǱ뿪ˡ
ߴţȥһ¡Ķ˵ͳǱ˹ȥ, ֻʣãȻĿıӰ
ʱ˿̻Щˣǻ˻ǽɵ˶ʵʵվ˭Ҷһ
ǲԶƴɱţǽʣĻҪĽˣǿսҲֻǳ顣
¿˿Լֿ֣ʱȴѾǿڴʱ˿̣Ҫ˭ôܿǰͻǸ˵ͷ
ս֮УҪһսӲʵЩһûƣǻѾһĪһɽʱڶѹڽ˵ͷ
һ˶͵˻ǰЩ˵ܣǸ˵ɫҲԽңͺۿϣһյյһ
¿ЩĽˣվǵǰһѲš
ЩеĿ;飬СĵصͷҲ˶¶ĵЦҲһֱĵŻ£ƺ
̶̵ļӣ¾ͺ񿴼ϵ˼̬
ţȻȺ֮зһϤĿ⣬ǸҲ棬Щǵӣʱ˿Ҳ̧ͷ档
ȴͦñֱЩ濴Ƿǳ˧ģеǷ
ˣˣֹ
֪ӦǰǸ˰Ը߳ȥˣֹ״ʲôĻᡣ˭뵽Чôߣ
ɫһ£ҪϽ뿪Ҫ״ע⵽˭֪ȴͻȻ״еʻʲôˣ
شˣǻɽɵԡ
᲻ʵˣʼԡ
ʶ𣿡˹۲ŻĶû֪̽Ǵ˵ľѣһġ
ûУʶ
״кȻĿ˵
滪µıȻһ䣬þһֻ͵Ĳһ
Ȼûе˵ʲôѾʼԶǰˣЩڱһѹ͵¥¡
̶̵ļ֮䣬ҾͲȺҲҲԵӰ

С˧ź߹ȥʱ˿̣ʮֵɣС
֪黹ûнǶ˵һѾǽˣƽһʱô飬˵Ҳܳȥʲôģһʥء
⿴Ҳô鷳𡭡С˧ֲûһֱ˵̫ˣԭľ̫࡭
һ˵һĲߣֵȫ˽ӲӵĵѾܾúܾöûпɫĵˡ
Щ˾ĻļУǻʼӡ
ȻС˧ӿߵʱȻһ˾վıؾ֮·ϡ
Ǹ죬֮ǰҲ˽ߵЩˣ˾֮һʲô·
С˧һû뵽˾Ȼû뵽Ǳߴݱʱ˾ȻһֱվԳϵľȫĮһ
ܲϳΪڽֻлԼˣҪɱ˻ˡ
˾ȻƽʱһĹ仨֣ǿ顣
㡭С˧ֻ˵һ֣ͺȻס졣Ϊ뵽Լڴǻµߡ
¿ɾˡǱˣǰԸ˺ǻ˵ѡ
¼ƻѾеôˣ˭뵽ﾹȻˡĻջ˱ԸӦҲɱԼѵģ˾Ϳ˵ǵļƻ̽䡣
С˧׼ƽʱôԴ·ģֻܾĿ
·һֱվʵС˧ڲûй۲ĺϸܹ·Ǵ͵ģбԼӡӡ
·Ҳȫûϵ´Ӹ¥֮˳ȻЩֲ
֮˵㡭
С˧Ҳ·ô˵ѽЩ̫Ϊ鱨֪һƱģȴˡ
ʵո·ڲ»ȥĶˣڲ£ڳһϵ˶ڲ¡
·ڵĸȻ󱻽Ӷ任ʽ𾪵Ŀɿڴ
Ҳ¿ܻڻĳĳΨû뵽һС·ĵ뿪
㻹ȥ𣿡·ͻȻĪıĳһ仰
ĶС˧ãȻһ롣
֪Լϴװٻţж϶Է˵ĵĸס
С˧ֻģģӦɣ
·仰Ȼת뿪ˡ
С˧ںãȻĿ·ıӰ˺ðð졭
ֻĵķ˸ۡ
񾭲

˵ˣôҾͽĹˣ԰ɣЦЦĶǸ˵
ҲܽЩžۼô룬ֻҪһ·ôֱȻٽЩȫƻ±ԭȵļƻҪĶɣ
ڱһֱĿŻ棬һǸֲ´ˣеҵʮֵȤʱ˿Ļʱв֪ΪҲһ˿ֵĸо
ȫɱˣҲûʲôֻǡ
˵ĵЩ˵
Ǹ˿Ż棬һֱһ˿޵ĳЦºȻյĶߡ
úСС˵һΪ˵ûƭɣϾ㿴ǸôϲȨƵˡ
Ǹ˺Ȼסˡ
֪ʲôôġµ˵
Һ⡭
󻨴˺ȻһǸڿ˵ʱ򣬺Ȼ۾һӾ͵ɴˡ
ʶʶɡָһãȻķ˵ˡϤ𣿡


640 Ұ

ǱС, һֱЩԺģ֪ʲô
ǸСӰʱĵĸ˵Ǵȥ䣬ɢɢ, ŷĵĸˡ˭֪ߵ·ͱ˰, Ȼͱһ
ЩΪԼϾҪȥ, ڲ֪״ӲƴֻεСӰÿСӶ˵û£, ϾͶˡ

˵ĵ°˺
СԴʶһֱֵƽƽ棬ҲֻǵһԵˣ˭֪־Ȼ˵ĺ, Լ򲻹
ԭ㶼ͽﰵ, Ϲ, ڻɽͲӦš
Ҵ˵, ΪŭС, 糬
Ȼ·ϾѾʶΰܷǱѰΪһ˵Ҳ˵, Щһ㶯ûС
÷ֻһ²⡪ǻͱˡ
, ·ϵ˰ʱ, ˳Ŀɿڴ
ǻġ˶ŷ˵, ʰ, ǳɡ

¿ŷܹǾ˵ı顣
ʵҲѾһʱˣղŵÿһĻһ, ¾ǹġ
ڵϵȻʶģԷԺֻ˵һ֣֮Ҳſڡ
ڸ¥ţϵȻ̾˿
ʵԭֻһԽŵĺ֮ȫģΪĳϣǸ˵ʶһ
ʹûǸһĺûıԶǣǶڻ˵˶ܹɱ˻ˡ
Ҳвʶǿ֮ɫˣʶΪҪնݳǸ˶һɱء
ֻǷʲôʱ򱻻ģ
̫鷢ˣ˶Щľ
Żһĳŷȥ˵Ķᵽɤ۶
ɵŸ¥Щŵ˵ıҲʶôһ¡
ŻһĳĪһС˺һһŵص
ݺܸߣҲûмֵȼĽˣһֱߵʱ඼ͨͨͷҲѾð亹
ŴʼҵĵλϣͬģҲǽһֶΡ
ø˵ͿԽֻȻ¥¿ϵˣǴս˿ͻᷢ˻ЩŮ
߹ʱڶý˿ɵİߣڵƹ˸˸ԡ
΢΢ս
׶༪ˣǳĽţʶѿڶҪɱң
沢û˵Ц
ʣΪʲôã
ΪΪ˽Ĺ˵Ҫͳһû˸ҷ㡣
ŷĻȴ˵һ仰
ʱ¥죬ոյ¥¥˶ֶκǸˣÿ˶¥ѵһ¥
ʱ绹ܸԼǿЦƺҲ˵ҪưµĻɵʱ˶˵ʲôţ
¥ʱҪԼ̫ǿ󡣡Ǹ˵ʱЦ˵¥ֵطǲܼģӰһ¶ڹ棬ͲӰˡ
˺ûٸ˵ĻˣΪ֪ʱ˵ĻСѱԺһֱϹϾΨһһθ˵ĻĻᡣ
һֱԼǸرǵˣҲһֱԼҡ
Լӵϱӵļ䣬൱ڿϵӽǣԴе鶼Ԥ֮УʹżһЩƫҲܽ
£ΪʲôûΪĵһˣ
Ļûñϱӵ¥ǿҲǲܵġ
ͷһһһϵ˺ҧŻ£ʵϣýÿطл֣һֱõ֮С
ͺҲһֱڰһļƻһֱƵǰͰȥҲԽԽоԼ·һжץС

һֱƽ˰ٲá
´ͷβڻµļƻ֮Уͻƽ㲻Ϻ졣ƽڻµһֱһ˵󣬺񽭺ߵ޹ϵ
ƽԺ󣬻ºȻ˵һˮһ˶
Ȼʶһ£֮ǰû顣
ΪԼܹһУֱʱͻȻ֣ûа취һ˵
ʶ㡣濴ŷȻ˵ȻЦŵģȻ϶Ѿǵˡ
һ㶡
ʶôܣ
һ˵һСĳܶ࣬ݱߵȴû
ȴҲôһЩˣ֪ݣһֱ˲ͣܣ˵Щ˵ݶܴ
ʶΪЩ֮еһ
ֿ˿֣˫Ƥ£ȫһ˵֡
ûһʲôĵطºȻʡ
𣿡ǰҲûпǹ⣬ûһˣȻǻ档
ԥһջûаԼʵ뷨˵ֻǱؾĵǷǾۼĵط
ԣ˵ûд
Ļ󣬷Լϵıһرľʣû뵽ȻôɴĳˣȷʵǷǵľۼأ֮⣬ʲôҲǡ
Ϊʲôôķ𣿡
⵹ס˷ӡӺһֱʹŵģֻ˸˵Ҫôһģӡ󣬿ȴû̽Դ
ӵĲҲԲżȻ濴ŷһһ˵
һ㶣Żúƽ˵
˶·ӣΪԼʵǿֲò÷ӡ
Щɣмûв
סˡ
Ǻȴ֪Լȥɽɵʱھ뻪ɽɲԶĵطôһӣôƳйصĶ
⻹ֻһɡ
ӵѾʤˡ浭˵֮ǰ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ȷǵһ˼飬ò˵飬һ˼͸˾
ʲô˼Ѿµ˻ЩĿģǲŶԷ˼·ܡ
˿˵ѵ˼Ǵӽ󻨴ΪɣѾǲ赲𣿡
ʱǲܵģҲǸǳѵĹ̡ȻĶԷ˵ΪѾ˽Ŀǰûа취ǳ׳ȥ
Ҫƿ֣ô˵һЩ˻һҪϵзӣô൱ڸҪƿطӵΪС
ʿˮ
ͷһξԼˢۡ
ȻˢҲ˵Ǻ»£ܾøǻЩֵֹġ
ӱȽһʶľʣѵûʲôķ𣿡
ʳ仰ʱֻʶģûвԼѾһ˿޵ľ
аϵģͻȻ˻ô˵
͵̧ͷ
ŶĻ棬ΪԼ˻
Уʲô취ܻڻɱ֮ǰˣˣ仰ʱҲЩС
취Ȼеġ
߹Ķ˵Ұ㡣

641 µһ

µһ졣
ȥ, һȦЩ棬, ȥĶˣ
һȦȻҲ, Ӻ˵, ôˣǴϵĳ𣿡
Ҳ˳, һ۴ã˵, ˵˳ȥ, һͻˡ
˵ŻĹ, 洫һ˵ĽŲ
תͷһ, ̾Ц, ôô磿
վſڵǸոһֱˡ
Ÿոİӣק˽
𣿲ˡ¿˿ɫʰʰ, һҪˡ
ʰʰŰɡ˸Ƿ, СҲ, ȥ
Ӵ뿪֮󣬸ոһֱںĵĲһͷϵĺ
ſ˵Щʲô, ȴͻȻºʣ㲻ȥƽʱʱ˰ɣ
Ŷγѡԣ
ӵĻôʻ˶
ǡȥˡ

ٲõ˸³ԷʱǱ߾ʹϢ˵Ѿʱˣ֮һ˷ܣԻ˵̫, ҹʱ仹ȥϿһ۵ġ
µʱں࣬Ҳش˸ǷȵһʱͻȻŴ򿪣ʧ˼ĴСش̽ͷϵ֮Ҳһ
һ˺üĲҲÿˡ
ºȻܺãЩ΢΢Ĳڡ
ĥ˰죬ȻֲڻԴ飬ں๦Ȼһ䣬״УҺеɵ
ûκηӦ
ⷴӦľеɵˡЦһ£ȴҲҡҡͷ
һжûзκα仯
ٲû֪ʲô
ôһֱأȻ̧ͷһۣɻʵʲôˣ
ʱԱߺأ仰ͻȻǺɤ
һƴĿԣһͷϿ˰죬קһ·ˣħˣ
Ҹոպˡ˵ЩʲôѾϰΪĵͷ࣬˭û
ϾһֱǸϲզզˡ
ˣмһֱʡȻ˵˵ϻҪһΪһ˹˭Ӯң˭ңô滹ǰģ
԰ҲأϵױûȰ̧ͷ˵
˻߲²ʱȻܽ˺üˣŵһ㶡
⼸λǡ
ûʳʲôǼ˾ͼҴҵ˻µǰΪ׵һЩ죬ƺ
ȵȣ˵Ǽ˶˵ʹҴæӵŻ˳ȥֻİٲˡ
ĲҵĴʲôطֵֹģɵʲôأ˼⡣
ԣ԰ҲЦţʲôأ
Ц˼Ȼֵ
磬ôҸʡ
ЦĴ˵㣬㲻ôϲЦġ˵
ΪҽȽϺáæ˵
𣿡ɻĿһۡ
ĵ˵ͷ
һĺɣƺǳŵӡ
ûж˵תͷͼԷˡ

ڻ¶Էô˵ġ
㣬ңĿɿڴЦˡôܣ
ûЦȻ侲˵
ԼЦЦˣǸƺҲʲô˼һɴ۾¡
վǲվġĳĶԷ˵
˵ڽϵķѾٹˣվͨռ˴
ôӦһǳ飬һͷβı硣粻һɵģɽ֮еɵģ׻˵ڽɼʱͣѾˡ
ʼһξûǸˣΪôˣѹλ˵ֻġ
ںԼ˵ʲô𣿡΢΢һ¡
ʮ侲˵Ҫ㡣
Ѿʧصֹͣ
ˡվںĺŮ˻µĻƺ˵ʲôվվһߡ
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