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1.  1   12.31ˡ

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2.  2   12.31װģ

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3.  3   12.31۸ˡ

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ʱڣɤһ˲ˣ˵ҳģ˵ҴƯȹ㣬ô˵

аԺҸ磬͸һϷӵóߵ㣬С̷ˣҪƯȹӣһȼСƵģȻҲ㡣
Щ˵İ

ڳˣˣ̷ɳˣƯȹˣȴǵˡ

*

ʱ۸ðˡ
Ϊ˼֮ڱﴩƯȹӸĴۡ
Ȼ֮Ư޶ãǵ

509ʱſڴϣ߱ǿ׶ֽͣܵҪ
ĩĩӦûؼҺͳǳԳԷģ⹫˵˶ð˱ΪƯԶð¶̫Ϊˣؼұ߶
Ҳְְܸ֣֪߰ðգ϶СִȥҽԺ

ʱܣԺ˯ˣһεʮ졣

ʮ꣬Ϊڰǫ̈̄ͨ͵ޡ
Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻƿȫͨţȻš顱һϣһŵŭͷͿһſ֡䲡ĸ߸ˣվ

վ˺þãȻ󻺻߹׵ǰúСѣôˣ
޵ã˵
˻Աߣ˵ûϵСѣްɡÿ˶ʱ򣬽㡣

ʱ죬ҽԺĻҶƮ䡣
ȫͨ޵ܰΪֻһˣ
ÿλͷԱ

ʱһת벡û˵Ӱ

ʱ۶Ȼѡ

ֻ죬ʱ۲ѵԭ
ֻǰ֮ľ˸ǰ΢š
͸ǰǶٷ΢ţ⹫ҲԽڵøǰæչʱǸǰϵ籾Щ¡

ʱ۵㿪ǰº˵ʱ۰ʦ£ܽ飬ƬŶǱ߶ļܣѧУϿλ߾ͺúЪ죬ܽ顣
ʲô¶ʱϵҡ

ǰ˵Ļʱûôȥעڸǰ˵ġʦ£ܽ顱⻰ϡ
ðյԴ޶˿ʼ룬֮£Ǻй

ʱ۴ֻظ˵õģ֪ˣлл硱֮㿪΢ѣȻ˰֣֮#֮ҽԺ#

ʱſŵӣһתڴϡ
£Ҫˡ

΢¸ǰ֮һҽԺ߳Ƭ͵ĵƬȻĳ˵ӰͼЧ
֮Բɫë£ʿţմǳɫ£졢ҲЩ
̨ףַ֮յ

඼˵ܵ˰֮յıͰ⣬ֵغܷ֭򸾡
ֵ̫֣ʱ۱ܡ

̫֮ˣһˡ
Ͱ֮ȫ硢ռˡ
ң֮պѾһˡ
ǣǻûйӦûһɣӦûŬһ׷ɣ
ǣѾ̸һأͼ׷ˡ

ʱ۷ȥغԼ֤Ҫ׷֮£֪˶ãͻȻűƿɤŽôô˰ʲô֪СŮǲϷŮѾˣȥϷˣҲ̫Ҫˡ
һ˵磬ô˵ÿ˶лġĲ֪ΪʲôѾңȴͻȻָˡ벻ͨ
ʲô벻ͨİ϶Ĺû׼ǰҹ˼ұϵأʲôܸɵóʲôҪģ

ʱۣ
⼸仰ġ˵ľ
ʱޱؿ컨壬Ȼ̧ţ£巢顱һ졣

ѽʱᰡһΪðؼء
ղſڿ˵ҪĽװģؾһܹɤţʱ˵ȥɫأҪ˵ֱ¶ˣóһ󲡣

ʱ۷ֻӴ
һû޼ɵ£棬ˣǸ˺ǰ֮ӰԣֲøɫأǶ˼Ӱ뷨ɣӴЦˣҲվӿԼ

ʱӴһһšţء
ʣÿһġˡ͡Ǹˡָ

簴ֻͻȻʲôţȻָţѽʱ쿴ӰۺӰֱأѽȻ˵ǻأ
ֻŵʱǰ΢ۣѽʱۣҼǵҲǰ֮Ӱ԰ɣ㻹һ鿴Ӱء㰮Ҫˣ㲻ĵްɣǡܷ֭򸾡أһҲ֮ϣʱɱްṧϲܷ֭򸾡ɣ

ʱ۶ۣɤۣۡ
ܷ֭򸾡߸֣ĺܡ

ûû˴ɤźһһ䣬ʱʼû˵ֻؿŽ硪Ҳ˵ֱ磬ɤۣĭۣ˵ںͽˡ
ǰ˵ʱۣ˼˰ðõ𣿡
۾͵ק棬ɫˣ㻹ôᱻ۸ģ

⵽˭۸˭
ʱ۱뷢𣬵סˡ
ʱ̣Ǻ⹫ѧģ⹫ܺ˵СҴı
ʱסȻԿҲԼ

ʱ۱߳ᣬյ508ſڣš
ͬѧţʱۣ˵۱ҳɣؼˡ

ʱ۵ͷ˵˾䡰ллȻͷܳ΢š
ʱۣ۸ˣҸðɤ˵ûѧУұ𣡡

ܳܿظԲۣɵֿʼˣ۱𼱣ӱʮ겻Ҽңȥ𣡡
ʱۣ

ܳҲðɤ˵˹hء
ʱۣ





4.  4   12.31ˡ


ʱۺܳðһãܳһϡ
ʱ۸ðü֪ĩסܳҡ

˺ܺãϤչŸӪιиܳϰߡܳСʱ𣬾Ͳܳҩܳգֻ¡
ʱܳסĩҲûҩȻҲҩɳԡ
ܳĸð˿δת˵

˵ڷϷˢ΢
ˢˢţͬʱˢһشš֮ҷˣ

@֮ң֮Ůʿϵҥ

ֻһ仰һ仰͹˰
ʱɥ۾˲

ܳ۾Ҳˣֽд֡ʱ۴ֽ
˵û취ģֻֽܴ

ܳͰ׷

ʱͻȻɥˣ֮ǵô׷
ǰǰ֮ǵеԣڵ϶׷ϰ֮֮ôϲСѾͷƬӡ

ʱۣҸо׷ϡ

֪ܳʱ֮ǰͰ֮йֻ֪ʱϲ֮
ܳҪϷˣǽˮ¥̨Ǹˣ϶׷
ʱֻдлäĿ֧֡ǳл

ܳȷʵеäĿ֧֣Ͼ֮Ӱ۰
ܳˣͽɵƣɤӺˣȥʰ

ʱۿЦˣҪдּ⣬Ȼܳš
ܳȥţʱ۴վ

ſվˣһλܳ裬һλǸˣʮ꣬ſƤ£۽аֿ̣קشкˣʱ۵ȵġ
ʱۡͨ£

ʱ۵Сִ

ʱĩûͼ˴绰Ҳû죬˾;òԾˡʱۣǺ˵ġ
ǣɳֺеĹִȥѧУˣִ˳ҵܳ
ִʱ۶үүҵС壬ִܳСֶŮ
ʱۺܳһ𳤴ִҲܼҵˡ

ִվܳķſûȥüʱۣСӣҰ
ʱܳ㣬ҡͷ

״Ц˵С壬۱أɱŻҪʱۼҼ˯ɣһͷһڿκûΣŵһȥѧУ
ִ˵ģҲүүүˣҴȥתȦѧУ

Ѿ˵ϣʱ۲˼ʱۼҲˣֻøСߡ
˸߳ܳԺӣִʱۺӣôģʱۣû㣬ò֪ˣôʱ䣬к

ִûãǼˣݡ
ʱ۱ͻͷָԼɤӣ죺

ִ
ð˵˶ִһɣżˡ

ʱӵͷ
ִ

ִ̧־ʱţụ́Ҳ֪ǲڷգתܳңһָʱ˵ڸⷣվȥðؼҴţȻܱ˼ҵţ

ʱ˵Ҳסˣһ϶ҪС߶ͷ˫ֲ嶵ƵŵȻôŪ

ʱۻλƵģεܳǰС·ϣţͻȻһ˼·
ľϲ᣺ѽʱۣҳѽ
ʱۣԩ·խ

档
Ҳס⸽ı
ס˺ܶǮˡ

ʱ۾͵ûתܳߣƫƫܵǰģʱ޴ߡ
ʱķɤۣ˵Ͽ֡

Цˣʱۣһɢѽ
ʱû

νʱ۽ӲӻԹԵ˵¶ȡ
ûãͿʼİ֮ʱۣҪͰ֮һϷˣа֮΢ûпȦһЩյĻͼƬѽ֮Ȧûйѽ

ʱȻ
ԭܹҪµġ

СŮⲿϷŮ棬ڻʱۣ϶

ʱҡͷǰָʾԼҪߣȴûʱ߼пҽ쿴˰֮յһЩƬĪ˵ĻˣĻһɣ˵أ

ʱվסޱؿ档
˾Ҫģʱ۵˵ţ˵ջУ֮мأ֮˶ǸֵԺСһƯҶѾʼڴһϰְ֮սĿء

ʱҪˣ˵֮Ҷٷ˺òãһ߻ͷСô

ִѾˣûʱۣΪʱѾ˳ȥ
ϳ󣬷ʱûںͿʱۡ

ûԶʱۺһŮһʱɫ̫á
ִû飬ֱӰȣ̽ͷʱۣϳ

ʱ۱ų֪С壬ڴС壬Դһˡ
ʱ۵ĸĸͼͥܣֻܳһ֪С壬е㵣ȥ˳ϲСıһٲ鵽˭
ʶ̫ã֪ʱ۶ó

ִȴߴ٣ʱۣ
ʱֻӲͷƤϳϣûôеûš

ĬشԽҰˡ
ʮӣܿ˧ûˣȻʱۺ˵Ĺϵһ㡣
ʱȫ͹ĵ⣬ʱ۵ϳ绰˾ʱۡ

*

ֱִӴʱȥ˻˽ҽԺ
һҺ˽ܵ˽ҽԺע˽˶顣
κԱŮҲ顢һЩС룬ҲϤ

ʱ׼ѪʱϢóֻſʱۻǸʲôܶ׼

ִʱۣ۱۲
ʱͷС

ִ۵صͷȻ˵Ŷ۾۰ɣ̾͹ȥˡ
ʱۣ
С塣

ʱ۳Ѫʱſñӿīİ֮߳
֮ɨһȦΧĿ䵽ڳѪĴֵŮϡĳӰصˡ
Ů߻վһˡ
Сˡ

ʱҲ֪ôģͻȻоһ紵
תͷķ˹ȥ

վһһŮ

ʱסɫ佩Ӳ
һһŮñīִȫȫ˿ģˣǳϤϤ˾㲻¶ϳǰ֮

һλȹӷµŮˣա
ôڰ֮ߵŮˣֻһ

ʱ۲԰֮֮ûпֻһ𣬼粢ǰߡ
Ƶһ£ǲĴСһ£ߺ̺ޱĬ

ʱܡ
ִʱ۱ܣΪʱ۳Ѫˣְסʱ۸첲ϵǩȥɳš

ʱĿ۰֮֮ûвۿһۡ
ʱ۵ͷοԼԼſ֣֮ϵó

ʱ۲ں棬ЦѾȫʧ
ͻȻ׸ǰ˵Ǿ䡰ʦ¡æʲô¡
æա
ѵĻˣ
ҹٷ΢ҲǼٵġ
֮Ѿһ

ִʱһֱͷΪرҪҪؼֵ˽ҽҺ
ִСʱ۶ǿ
ʱҡͷ֣Ұ֪
ִҲ֪ʱ֪ʱ۸ð˻Сִ֣˵СţȥŪˮ

ִȥˮʱ߿ɳﶯˡ
ĵʵ뿴֮᲻֪ܶǷһˡ
ǹڳϣʱ˵Լⲻ͵

˵ᣬҲǴЦ
Ц˵ԼͿԵģҪȥæɡ

˵ûõӦ̧ͷְ֮֮ûƺʲô

𣿡С
֮񣺡ţ
һҡͷ˵ûʲô

ճѪ󣬰Ÿ첲ɳϣǡþʱԱߡ
֮δվࡣ

նǷӣһֱڽ״̬˵ȥϴּ䡣
֮˵ţȥɡ

뿪ִûһֻʣʱۺͰ֮
һվһպ΢

ں棬һֱڿߡ
ղŰ֮սʱԼϳ˺ǰ֮գȷһֱſ
ֱʱպ˶뿪ˣͻȻȷǸ˾ǰ֮

濴ֿ֮ʱۣ۾ͻȻһһ˲˺⣬첽ʱʱ۵֣ȰʱۣĲãôܺ͸ղǸ̸أܴˣʮ꣬Եְˡʱۣ㲻

ʱ۴󾪣
Դвɣ

ʱ۸ð˵޼ɵˣʱۣƽʱҲˣɣɣɸղǸˣҪʮأ

ʱƿ̧ͷ֮֮Ѿתڿ
ʱ۸ղŻĬĬ϶֮ղûϳôһһʱ֮ۡôܻϲ

ʱæ԰ֱ֮ʾģͬʱ治ؼȰ˴ġˡʱۣǸͺݶ̫ˣԿġ





5.  5   12.31͡

ʱʵڿƲסˣһȥ죬һժ¿֣ܷ԰֮˵
ʱɤ׵̫ߣСҸ˵֣̲סĭڱ۾̲סɤ۵尡ó

ʱ˵⼸Ѿ˼ޣҲ˵ˣҴקס֮ӡ

֮ۿץӵ֣ݣҲݣݵǽڷץǽڷס
һ̧ͷ죬ͬʱ촽ףԸղɳƶ˵ӣʣðˡ
ʱͷ˵ʲô˵۾죬ˮ

Ϊʲôһʮһ
СС͵Сƫƫϲˣ

װϳ֮ģ˵ѽǰ֮𣿰ʦ𣿰ѽҸոգûɣû˵ʱ۵Щ

ʱۺͰ֮ͬʱ棬װܺڱǸģŮԱҵͯŮݵúʵ

֪֮ģϾĸʵԱͯǳ󣬶滹ǡСŮⲿĵһŮǡ
֮Ҳڳϯʱ档

֮û˵ֱƹ뿪
汻ӵһ䣬ȥ˵ѽʦʱ͡

֮ͷĮ汻ŵ˽ס

Žͣʦز橵Ů軹һĹϷģ氡ҺʱҲͬѧҡ
֮һ֣

Ȼ˸սεسǣʦûϳǡ
֮˵

βΣнӲ£ٿ֮䶯˵µĻ˺߿

ߺ󣬰֮û뿪صϢɳϡ
ʱΪղŷ£ŵòУΪ˵Щţý͡
˵óֻž֡

ʱ۹˲ϰ֮ԸԸ⿴֮дͰֻĻǰ١
дǣҺ͸ղǸҲûֹϵ
Ȼ֮ûֱӲֻ

ʱ۸Ͻִ֣Ҹðˣ˵ûֹϵϹ˵Ҳˡ
֮Ծδ

ʱϴûͳŻڰͷбó֮
Ȼ֮δ

ʱһ仰ͲԴۡ
ժ֣ۣ˻˵㿴
Ҳֻһ֣ʣµֶƵġ

̧֮ͷ̧֣ʱ۾ϲ
֮ȴĮػӿ֣ʱδץţŵ˵ϡ

ұףֺһʮһ𣬡֮ժīĮؿʱۣϲˣ

*

ִˮֽӵŵ绰һЩʱ䡣
ڴ绰ʱһϢɳϷ

ִȥˮüСڣؼҺваҲ֣Сң
ʱ۵ͷҡͷ
ܣܵĿҪ޳

ִֻΪʱܣû취ֻøʱ۰סԺ
ʱ۵ļϸԸðҺִڲʱҺ

ʱ۸ðܣҲܣΡ

ʮ£һһεĳ

棬ſţ̧ͷһ
Σûд֡
һͣס磬ǰ֮
ЦΪ籣ܣ
æͷֵ𣿡
ҡͷ

һתӳﵽ
Ϊĵؿţز
ʧЦ˵ʲôأû
ţΪʲôҽԺ
ǿ̫ģЦ˵簡ھˣΰΰ󣿡
ˣҪ𣿣
ȻЦüڶЦôô档

һתżҽԺ
ҵ磬Ҫ㲻Լ𣿡
֮ʱĲŷҽԺĳϣ˵Ǹھ

ʱۿ

ʱѾӰۣȴûκ֪Ϊһİˣ׳ԼĽ
ûиκˣĹ˾֪ľ˲֪Ѳ֪ọֻ֪̈̄˵ܡ
֪ûмˣ֪жôãҲģԽԽϲ

ڲǵˣ
ôܲǵء

ʱۣﻹᣬͻȻС̽Ŀ⡣
ִĨ۾Сôˣʲôˣ

ʱ۳ѣɤûôˣͣ
ִȻ֣ᣬ˵
ʱۣ

ʱȻǲ˵Ͱ֮£룬һ֣εˡ
ִ
仰Ӧʵ

ִĲԶܻʱǰʱ裬һƳʱԴĹȥȻĵúᡣ
ôԣҪǻŵĻִ˵϶һ顣

ʱۣŲôء
ִ˰ɣô趼û˫򣬴ҡ

ִ˵ţûʱִ绰óֻ˵ȥִ绰ֽиҹϷҪǽӲ绰ϷܶĲá
ʱ۸Ͻץסӣҡͷ

ִʱ۽ģ˵İɣ˵ðˣǴСֵƢһֱֿܶרŶ
ʱ۵ģҪôҰ˵
ִҾ˵ܳ質ɤ˰ɡ
ʱۣ
Ȼһˣ֮ǰðʱҲôѡ

ִȥȴ绰ʱۻǵñò¡
͸ܳ΢ţܳ˵˸ղŷ¡

ܳըˣ˵ԲǸɵưɤӺˣȥ
ʱܣа֮ˣô찡
ܳû¶ðˣ˵ˣˣٺúý֮ͣôҲǸӰأԴأŲ˵Щ
ʱ۳ɣڶ˵
ܳԻ·ҲһѾĺĺˣտʲôȥ˰Բҿ˵Ļˣļٵģ
ܷܳȥ;òԾˣϽء
ʱѾˣ

ʱطִֻҲ绰ˣʱԴ˵Ҹ㣬֮ǰľ˪˪Ÿˣ˪˪Ϸһ¶˪˪㰲š
ʱԽԽžž઴֣һ˰˪˪ңᱻΪҺбİ̫ðɣС壬Ұָһһ˰ɣ

ִ˵˵ˣĲԱС۸˪˪ǽƾˣڣû˸۸ˣ¶ûȻġ
ʱۻҪٷִž˵Ϊбôˣ˵л˵£˵㱾бôҲס˼ҵ졣㾭ԼǩС̷ļˡʲô£С̺С̷ͽˡŶԣֻ˵Ҫ㷢΢ţ㿴㷢û

ʱ۱һͨŸһƿ²ţֻһ𶯣ֵ΢ˡ
ֵ·ȦһĴУϵƬ㣬֮߰Ϸ۸㣬˪˪ҡȥϷѧϰģģְֲί֪һˣְ˵һ䣬ְ־͸ԼһڵΥԼ𶼲⣬ص㱦Ҫί֪𣿡

ʱۣ
֪ˣаְ֡

аְ֣´γע㣬Ҫˣɤӣ
ʱ۹ԹԴӦ֪ˣְ֡

ʵʱۺйСìܣҪӰѧԺʱּͬ⣬ΪֲȦӣΪֺսһʱ䡣
ǷǳΪʵԱϣʸͰ֮վ콱̨ϣֲ֮ļ֣ûͬ⣬Ҳûֹ
ҪӰѧԺʱֻܶԼɣаְĺܳ۰

*

ʱ˽ҽԺסһԺԺˣΪ鷳С
ֲִʱֻۣýԺ׼ȥסƵ꣬ҽŸ롣

Ӳ¥ʱִʱۣСڣʲôԵģ
ʱɤӲˣ˵ˣ黹ûãԴʹŲ˵ֻ֣ûʲôԵġ
ִü˵һȥԷ

ʱûʲôԵģͬʱֲС嵣Ǵ֣¹β
ִ۾У֪ƶˣ״̬С

ִԴ㡣
ʱۣһջѼճӶ졣

ִ҇NɪҺú˵

ʱʱֻèƵģˣ˵˾Ϳɾˡ
СȥСϿ

ִǳͷճϣСָö̿ˡ
ִҲôҪ㴫Ⱦð˷㡣

߳ҽԺСֶŮ֡
Щ䣬ִסʱۣʱ죬Էðء
˼һתִʱļҪˣʱͷ˵ļҪˣҪʧ˯ŵĻС˵ߺС˵ȥҩ
ļաʱļա

ʱʱʮȥġ
ȥǰͻ˰֢ڡ
ԭʱһܻģΪͻȻˡ

ʱۣʱ۰֣Ǹʱû׼кܶﻰû˵кܶûüͻȻʧȥ
ʱۺֶܵ˺ܴĴҪҽ赼ͳҩ
ʱ˺ܶ࣬ÿյӣǻʧ˯š

ʱ۲С嵣ûжСĿ⣬ԹԵͷ
ߵԽҰߣִʱۿţʱ۵Դ۱ԡ

ִ߲֪ʱͣһ񳵣䡰۱ԡ

ֱԽҰߣͣ
ֲ֪˶ã֮򿪳̣

˳ųƮȥƮϵ䡣
ֱ֮۴ڴϣֻ̧ӿЩζȦ¡

·߿
ִ֮īϳ

Ըߡ
һ֣ġ

ʣ׸磬㲻ȥ𣿡
˵ҺҪȥ

˵ߣ֮䣬ƺĪĻ





6.  6   12.31ˡˡ

һ磬ʱ۸ðˣѧУס˪˪ѧУʱסƵꡣ
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֮˵ʱۣдǼ٣Ҷϲ㣬Ҳǵʮ㣬Ҳϲʮ㣬׷ˡ





7.  7   12.31Ϸۡ

ϽܵͨһЩ飬Щ
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ʱ۳װԴֻ˴գ۾˯ˡ





8.  8   12.31ʱ۶˵ġ

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˪˪˵ԣҲⲿϷʼŮǡ
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˪˪á

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ͿŽȥһǷ׵ϣָԼˡ

ʱ۳ˣͬʱ˵ˣȻҪʼˡ
˪˪ͽҽԺʱܼԤ뵽ֿ϶ᷢƢϷ

Ҳʱ۾ǿ߸ǱԴܾ
͹ȥקʱ۵ıӣ㲻ʲôֵ֪֪Ұѱÿ
ʱ۲ÿקŲ֡

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ʱԼͶ䶼ڷ̣˼͵ͷ˵ҲŮӣһû̸ңңҾֻϲ
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ʱæѸٰŹϣľϲȫڲزסԳԳԣлллл

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֮ϵ̺ʹƿ̨ųȥʱһµؿŰ֮ıӰ֪˵˻ôˣôͻȻˣ
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9.  9   1.1׷

̨֮ϣ̺̣ϣ̺кʹӵϣ̧̨Ŀ֦
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ʱۿܳ仰һѸ̾ţͻȻ˾
԰ȡഴ˽µദᰡ

ʱ۴ɳվظõıҳ壡
Ϣʱֻɳһӣ컨ȭͷ׼󺰡塱
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˳⣬ϵ˳˼ܣ֣ȥɳ¼ȫһ١
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ʱ۸С̷΢ţСڸȻС̵ĶӺغڸС̷ڸȥʵؼͰ֮С̼ұĻơ
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ʦƽʱڼҶϲЩʲôѽ
š


ʦϲʲô͵ѽ



ʦǵӰأϲʲôӰѽ



İ
ʱۻҪӲģҼǵǰϲԽӣţ۲ڵģҲ𣿡

֮仰תͷһۡ
ʱ۴֮Ŀ⣬ЦЦеġ

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ϸϣܺÿ

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ʱ۶ԾԾԵ˷ܡ
Сܰ齫
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ллʦллʦʱ˵Ļ⼸䣬˵ҡͷԡ

֮ˣСôģҲоá

ؼԱ߿ˣʱôӮأǽΪóӮˣóͶء
ƿʱۣܺúܺãת˵ÿˣɡ

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˾ͻؼҡ֮ƫͷǷ۾ˮġ
ʱ˲ˣҡͷҲҪ㡣

ʱۻʱرĹԣսС˵ԺҶ㣬µʱҪʱ򣬹ڵʱҶ㡣
֮ˮ۾һһϵ촽Ƭʧ

ʱۼ˵㲻ϲ˵һԹԹԵر㡣
֮̿Ц

ʱۼ֮ЦҲЦˡ
ʦǲǺùԺùԣ

ʱ˵ǺܶŮע䵽ʱϣЦʱôƯ˰ɣ
ʱ۵ľˣ̧ͷ۾ĲԾ

ؼͰ֮ٴü֮ʱۺȻ˵ܣûѣŮˡ
֮
ؼ
УСѾͷһˡ

ȴȻҲȤЦú⣺ȤʱۣҲûˣ裬лл
ʱ۸оˣȥС̷

ؼҪȲ裬Ȼˡ
Ҳؼʱ۵άˣ֣úΪҵ裬ʱ

ʱ۸о΢ҲоС̷Ͱ֮棬ҪŪܵǮ뻵¶Ͻվ˵û£
Ц㶮£ˮУҪ̵ġ

ˮҲˣµģʱ۾źվڳԱ衣
Ȼڳ豭ʱ۸Ϊˮʱһһ趼ﵽʱϡ

ʱۡһŵ˫סؼͰ֮ͬʱվ
֮ٶȸ죬ϵװʱϣ§סʱۼ򣬽ʱ˸ˡ

ʱ۷ſ֣ͷȹӣǰʪһƬ
ȹʪԺϣҲ¶˳

֮Ҳڴۿģȴǰûƿߡ
µƤɰ׵죬ɫۣ֮⣬״ɼǰԲεġ
֮һ£ʶԼڿʲôƿĿ⡣

ʱڲͣû߹⣬ûʲô
Ƽ¶ȸߣ䣬·ǰʪţ

ӴӴ治˼ں˵ҸղһСİ豭齫ˣأŮģȥϴּһɣѽ̫˼ˡ

ؼں˵Щʲôƫ䣬ʱû̧ͷֽ֮

Ϊ׷ңԸţ֮ʡ
ʱֽˮѽϲ
ñ˵С˵ʵһеС˼ϣܶ˽һ㣬Ҳܶ˽һ㡣

֮ۿʱŽżͷս˵ʱ˹
ȹϵʪ͸ɫֽ˳ָҲвա
ʪʪġ

·ϡ֮˵
ʱŰ֮װףЦȻ첲Ӵϡ
֮·ϴģʱֵ·ƵģͷЦ

֮ʱ۵ͷģȻק첲ߡ

ȥ̣֮קʱۣûͷظ˵Ϣһ
ؼҲųУɢһϢϢ

ʱ۵Ĵжڰ֮ץ첲ϣʱ롣

֮ſʱ˵ţ㣬ؼҡ
ʱҡͷҲߣߣ㰾ҹ
СʺࣺܶҹģҪٻӡٻӣҲٻӣ㡣

֮ۿ뵽Ĺԣ˷ܣ̹ϣůģнġ
ͻȻۣ֮δٿ

ʱۻҪ˵ЩµĻ⿴С̷Ҳ˳

ʱۣȥ¥Ͽɣؼʱ۾ڰ֮ϣǵһʲô£ʱ˵ϣȥɡ
ʱ۲ûȥԺؼ˵ܣһ仰Ұʦ˵
õǡҰʦĸ֣ؼЦתߵԱɳȥš

ʱϴŰ֮ףѣ̧ͷʣʦ·㻹Ҫ𣿡
֮˼Ҫ
ʱۣ

Ǯ𣿡ʱʡ
֮˵ʮɡ

ʱĭ
˵ǮҪԼʮ㻨Ǯ֮һ·ǲ̫á

һǮʱʡ
֮뻹׵ģüʣ˵·ң

ʱ۶ʱϲ𣿡
֮ԡ

ʱۣ
ΪʲôҪѡ⣿

·С֮仰
ȻҲ

ʱġŶ

ǣ˯̫ҹˣҹֲõġ
ʱ۹˵

ڹ̾밾ҹĵλˡ
֮վǽĮ

߰ɡ֮䵭仰תˡ

ʱۣ
Ϊʲôô䰡

ȵȣߡ
ʱ׷ȥվǰ

֮ü

ʱ৵ֵݳֻĻǶά룬ϹɣллʦչңΪл㷢Ӹ΢£

֮û˵

ʱţȻԽԽˡ
ܾ˼
أֻ£΢һͺѰ

ܿ죬ʱ۾ͷֱӵʣܸ֮ңﲻʺ𣿡
ĺ֪֮뷨Ҳ֢ҩ

֮ʵ棬˫۽棬Ҳڴ
Ȼˣ˵ڴ

ʱֻۣǳݶѣϲҲֻең֮ǽ˫ֲ嶵ƽ˵Ȧʮ£˵ĻԶӡҵҵ˼룬ҵϲãȫͬ

ʱۣھܾ㣬ԺҲܾ㣬𣿡

֮ʱֵʧѹ赭дָһ㲻˵Ҳʡ㶮ˣӦŮӣԶ㡣





10.  10   1.1ء

ʱ۱֮һۡ
֮Ҫ˼ʵǣˡ
̫ʵˣʵе㲻֪ôˡ

ʱƢԲʹ˷
ȥ¥˯վûн£ˡ
ߺ˼Ҹ߼ϴµ꣬ϴɾ·Ժڻ֮ʱܹٴһЩദᡣ

صƵ꣬ʱҪͰ֮½ܳܳӾʦ취ʱȽӵܳϢ

ܳϢ񱻷ɱˣöԶȡˣһ˵ȥĹ·ϣ֪ԼԼˣ߰ȥְһûŻأˣ
ʱۣ
ôͱɱˣԱȦڵˣҲСôͱɱ˰
ʱۣҽҪϷӦûʱ䡭
ܳУԼȥҵʱ㷢õӵСƵ

ʱۻǵϴڰ֮ǰ˵˵أʵĵôһģԿЩĵҲôһˬġ
汻ɱͦģ΢ӡ

ʱΪʲôᱻɱ˪˪绰

˪˪˵ĻϢ޴󣺡۱ϴθҩ棬ѾܰȥɳˡȫɱˣӰԼȫˡиҪģֺ͹Ǳ߹ͨˣͱϵҲͨˣ˾ȥȥĹ棬档
ʱۣ
ʱۣ

ʱ۱˺һƽҲûôˡ
ҩɲʹӣڷıԵҩͿ˺ˡ
رˣñҲñ
ҩȣ棬Ǹ

ʱ۸ϽܳϢһҲȥĹǸطϴҩɱҰְŵģ滻ȥˣһ
ܳ
ܳԲۺˬһ

*

ʱۺܳͬʱӰſڵģܳɸ˻ˣ˵öײš
ʱסܳһŽȥһŭ

Ϊʲôݣ㲻˵ͻǩ˺ͬģ

ʱۺܳһۣоȻ
ڷŭ˳ûˡ

溰Ժһ˵֮ǰǩͬʱΪͰ֮һϷΪ𣬽ҲûŮǰûͬǰ᣿ͬѾЧˡ

ܳԿʱۣǵݰɣ
ʱ۵ͷǡ

ܳ߹ȥ̽ͷɫ
ΪһҪױױһģɫԵúܲѿ˺ܶࡣ

ܳҲѧݵģҲɻˣȥ§סĸ첲˵ѽ棬ĹԱҲ̫˰ɣòŶѽѽ

ɫøѿ˦֣ܳͷˡ
ܳվʱۣʱŭָʱ۵ıʣʱۣ㣡ıǲǣ

ղžܾˣʵǵݡ
ݺ͹ͨʱƼģҲǺͰ֮Ůǣʱ۵֣ǰ

ʱۣЦ˵ãױʦװʦʱȥ׼ʱ٣ǰɣˣһҸ档
ղŶжʱ۾ж顣

ʱòͷõģлл鷳ˡ
Цʲôȥɣȥɡ

ʱ·ױʦͷװʦҲӭ濴ʱ۱Ƶȥ׼ô󺰣ʱߣŮǣҹ棡ôôҪ㣡

ܳ¶أ˷ܵĹ⣬תͷ˵˭Ҫ㣬ʱҩҪˣҪɵƣ

ܳᵽҩ£ˣ񶼷ƮܳʲôʲôҩѪˣܳϼңǸø

ܳʱͣ˽Ų
ת߹վǰ

һԡ
ʱؿ档

ʱۣǳᣬСᣬҧгݵصʱۡ
ʱۣҽɫҴԣ񶾡

ʱ۷༥ֻڵģڰ֮ǰڮңҩڵģСɢҥԣѧУͬѧǹңͲˣ

棬ʱǰһֱ˫ۣ㻹뷭̣һ仰ȣҪˡ

ͬʱӰűƿ߽ˡ
װĵ̧ۿ˳ƺӮ˵ʱۣվסﹴϷȤ

ôԱſţǾϵģһ˵ʱۣҴûЩ˱ӶֶҵĶ˶Ŀã㾡ܼװαһᱻ˲𴩣ıӵǸˣ

ʱ˽ⲻֻ࣬ͨ绰˽࣬ΪĸԱСҲʹһЩӰ硣
ĻӰˣʱ۵ĿⷢЩ仯

ܳԼ̲ʱ۱ǰҪ棬˭
@@ĭ
ǰϾ֪Ա滻ʱ۵ģһǴӰ֮е֪
ԭһСʱУ֮˵Ҫ죬ǰˡ
Ȼ֪֮ʲôҪ죬ǰĪɰ֮Ҫºʱйء

ǰСʰ֮ϰףйȥ
֮û˵ǰǣӽƽš

ǰ
аɣǲùܵ˼ɡ

пղһʱۺ͵Ĺϵ֮Ȼ˵
ǰ

֮û˵ǰü¡

ܳҪ˶ֵʱʱ۸оԱõĿˣæס֣ܳ˳
ܳҲʶԱ߻ţֶʱ۲ã֡

˺ˣקʱۣǸ߰ɣȥױ˹
ʱ۵ͷΧ˵˼ǸŹԱߣȥ׼

ʱֱƵţʱ۵ıӰһӵͻȻϷһѼʱ۳˹ȥ

ܳҲоǰӰһΣ̧ͷüʱۣźʱۡ

ܹܳȥû£°Ӱ˸ۿҪʱ۵ͷ
Ȼһֻץס
ܳͻȻֵˣڵϣ˿

󶯲ã̧Ҫˣ˫˲š
ףסȶˡ

ʱһҲͷʱ۾ȵ۾գ
ǰ֮
֮Ϊʲô
󻹸ŸǰҲˣĹ

֮߼żʣղţҪʲô
˵۾š

֮ƺҲûҪĻشż˼
Ӱƹö࣬йӼӰ⻬

֮ȫûпһֻۣڿż
Ųָ沱ӡ

˺Ȼȫһǰ׸磿

֮Ƴ˸ǰһۣû˵õļĲȥԴţϼ٣ͬʱһ仰˵

ĳӣ֮һ鲼ϡ
Χ˶ʱ˿
Ȼû

֮Ұ׵ȥҰʱ۸ղ˵Ļ͸㣬ˡ
ˣ֮ң㻵ҡ
˵ƽȴҲֲ

ܳ
ʱĵױһҲ١
֮ӣʱе׷

ǣ֮Ϊʱ۽ѵɣ
лģлģ

ʱѾɵˣû֮ӣ߻֮˵ԶĻ
֮һһвʱ
ָⷽ棬ʱ۾û԰

Ȼ֮ʱ۳ˣʱ۵ֱظտʼˡ

ʱۿ֮¼һſʼ֮ûסɳʲô
ûôĵҪܳµĻܻҪͷ

ʱ֮С鲽ŲȥΪովܾʱлұֵ̫˵ʦллҡ

ȣҲʲô֮䵭ؿ˵ʱۣԴ治
ʱۣ

ǣ⣬ҡʱۺȻͲˣΪġ
֮δٿĮƹȥ뵼˵Ҫؾ飬鷳ġ

ͷʾ⣬зʱۣʱۣˡ
ܳо̫֮ĮˣϽС˵ûµûµģúģȹ

ʱǿ΢Цš

*

֮ҲĹģʱĵһ֧Ĺ档

㣬ʱմǰȹӣӰǰһЩٶɣҪҪƯҪҪ鶯

֮Ķܼ򵥣߻վҪ󡭡ûʲôҪ󣬻ֻҪ˧͹ˣֻҪƶ㹻ŷ˵ټ򵥲

֮·ԱߵһѸ߽ϣĵذֻ
ʱ˵ݵҪ赸ʦĽ׼ʼ

а֮ĵطǻܰ
ĪһѹȸУ˲˵

ֻ£ʱ۱ۣΧһ˶ûС
ۣת

֮ݺʼ̧ۣʱۡ
ʱһƹȥ֪϶ŮӣҲ

ؿţһһЦһһ顣
Ư鶯

֪أƿߡ
վ֮ƿߣûٿ

ʱÿεݺͣʱ򣬶֮Ǳ߿ȥ
ǣ֮ʼûпһۡ





11.  11   1.1ԡҡ

ʱԼ·ϰקܳߡ
ܳı쳣˷ܣվŲߣͷϢ

ʱƵؿܳԼֻˡ
óֻȻܳġ

ʱʺŴ򿪣žͿ̾š

ܳӰۿˣҸղԱһֱأ˺öۣ˺þã֣۱ллᣡ
ʱۣ

ַܳ߱ߣһлһ˳ԷԿ
ʱ۳ɵػأ㿴˰ɣأ

ܳûУĿöۣ

ʱڱܳĸ̾ŸŪûģԼ֮Էˣʱۻе¡

ʱۣܾô찡ôˣΡ
ֻܳҪԼΣεľͲǱˣҸоٷ֮ʮͬģллղž㰡ղſҪͷأûͷûˣ

ʱۣ
ȻΪҪͷ

ʱ۱ܳϹţվûߡ
ԭͣ裬һҪô˵ҪԼ֮ԷĻ

ʱ۷ȥ˵мʮֿףҲûȷѡ֣ߵܳͻȻײһ¡
̧ͷ֮ȻѾ꣬׼ˡ

ܳʱ۷㶣һưʱ۸Ƶ˰֮ǰ

ʱۻû׼ãĵڰ֮ǰͣסʶεءǺǡ
Ȼˡ

ֻ̧֮ͷü£

ʱ۲֪ôͿˡ
Խ죬Խ˵ˡ

ܳɸ֣ʱӹãܹ˵ʦ۱ллղžԸͻϣ

ܳȻ׷Ů˳

֮ȴһûֻܳʱۡ
ʱ𽥷Ͷ䣬ʱ򵨴󲻵ˣʱ˵Ĳˡ

ʲôԡ֮ȴ˵
ܳ

ʱڻعˣ죬ʣ㣬ھܾ𣿡
֮Ȼأ

˵գ֮ƹʱۣ뿪
ûаͣߵøɴ䣬Ӱ䵭Į顣

ܳ
ô¡

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ӣʱ۾ԼãˣܳҲѸˡ

ʱھƵĴϣܳϢ
ʱۣô죬ô죬ôء

ܳãˡ
֮ʱ۵˰ʱ񰡡

ѵǡ

ܳ˵Ӱۣ᲻ǣܹݣ
ʱۣ

ܳ˲˼·žطһѣǶҪ䰡ﻹȣ˵ǲ˵ڵ㣿㣬ܹ𣿡

ʱ۱ܳģͻȻ֪ܹʲô˼ˡ

ʱۣȻأ
ܳ׷

ܳѣ׷ģʱ۳Ҫ׷

ܳҪഴᣡмǶ´Ϸȥ䣬˵Ҫлл㣬Ȼٳû˵ʲô
ܳԤУβĮ´κпˣʱ򣬹

ʱסľܳһѸ̾š
һܳĸ̾ţ;ܳ˵Ķԣ˵ķǳԡ

ʱ۹Ҳܾǿأ;ܳġ

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ʱԼҲĥţܱһ۴ܣҪԽԽ²С
һδδҲȻҪǰ塣

ˣʱ׼žͰܳ˵

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ϵϷϲʵģýһС̨磬ʡûǮЧЧͳġ

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洫֣
ǰ֮βϵúܳеƣ룬е
һ㶼Į

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ʱŽȥȻ󾪴ſڡ

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ıǹģǰǱխʦĵܣһݡһޱȾ¡

աڽ۵
㡣
£ԸеĻȡ

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֮ѾѵҿȣҪȵʱ򣬲ûԸƻͷſڡ
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ʱ͵ۣͰ֮Ŀԡ
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Ŀûжκεᣬƻһֺν˼

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ѵǣˣ

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תͷȥ㡣
ӵϣϣһ

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ǰװװװ֮ôͻȻǰɵ̶ȣ

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ûƿߡ

֮Ժƣش˸ǷϴּΣȥݻ裬ʮӺңСʱлױʦ
֮ɤۣƣŵҲ͸ɢۣӺҰ򡣡

Ŀɿڴʱۣ
ȥԡң
ղſʲôʲô
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ֲ֮ͷĳʪУˮ΢ʪĴߴ٣ڶˮ֡
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ֱ̧չɢشԡױԵϣֱ۹˱ļͷʪˮ飬ˮ»䡣

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ž͵ζ·Ի˵ζʱŵеĻš

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ԡûκܰܳʪӦͺϢ

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ʱ۸ֻѼƵˮ⣬Դ̧ˮ棬ί֮ôôˣҰ

Ϊԡ֮վԡϣʱԴˮͷ֮۽һû۾ʱ͵ס۾
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ʱȫ֪֮ҪʲôӽſʼͲ֪֮ڸʲô֮ˮ˫Ŷˮ棬ʱֿʼһʱŻˣŵؾצץסͷ
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֮ʲôûʱץͷֱӣҧгݣҷ֣
ʱ־󣺡Ҳң
㻹ʲôҵģ֮䵽ð꣺㶼ⴳԡ|ˣ㻹ʲôҵģ

ʱôһֱԼˣҲû|㣡ҽİ㻹ҹţ㻹ͷˣʲôʱǹⴳԡҵˣֻ·ģ

֮üٶȣղſڣûעſڵ˶ߣڼҲһʧʱͻȻʱߵһ򻬣ͨһͬʱˤԡ
ʱ൱ǿұʶ˫סӲ֣֮ʱŲӣһƨԡʱһƨϡ
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֮ҧźۣ˽ߵʱ۵
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֮оʱԱʵ޷̣Ծųݾʱۣȥ

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ʱ৵ıͨ죬ȫ̷ȣæҪˮվԶԶԲ𡣡
һʱվͨһȥ

֮һƺ۵òᣬźҪ̲ס
ʱˮͨͨ

֮Χԡվȥ

ʱһȸԡףҧͷͷȫʪġ
ʱίҪ·ѣ˭֪Щ°
һ仰˵ֻɵޡ

ȻʱʱۺͰ֮ͬʱֹͣʱ۶ͣڵϣ֮ͣΧԡϡ
˵ԴͬʱתԡţֱֱţŵúƶС

׸磿ʦ溰ˣҸ˿ȡ

֣֮˿漴ҲҲʱʶײʱۣҲٴ̨
ʱ۱ˮУ֮ôһײһ͵ȥ

ʱ۵ȥ˲䣬֮ʱҪײԣȥʱۺףСġ
ʱۡһɴ۾Ű֮ͼ֮ˤ
ֿ֮ԡм䣬ҲʼδʱԴֱݺײԡףüͷͬʱƣʱϣϥײԡ׵ײ

֮ĵ׵ĻѾͷǿѹŻ
Ȼֵʱۺ£һ磬ͱʱ۵Դѹ˻ȥ
ʱҲʶԼԴѹ˰֣֮ʶ̧Դ

ʱ͵ۣ֮Ҳۡ
Ŀԡ
˵촽ײһ

֪˶˲ŷӦͬʱ˿
ʱͻȻ͸ίˣﶼˮ
֮šüôô⡣

ʱٴλ֮ʱ۵ĺҪײԡףٴʶֵ浽ʱԺ
ʱεû˰ȫУ޴ץ˫ץʲôʶһ޶ס˰֮ͷһס˰֮䡣

Ŵػζʱ˫سŰ֮ͷͶ䡣
ǳ

֮޿κΣš֡
ʱ۱ŵһ飬æ֡

֮Դʱɿ
һ׵ʱϡ
࣡һ





12.  12   1.2Ĳɡ

ʱˮˣױˣ·ʪˣǻûˡ
ʱίˣָʱ˼ʱϣԱ

ʱۺѾʶˣΪղֽβоֵġ
ֽȥʱʱΪζǶڵ죬֮ҲΪζǲͷµզ£֮û֨ʱ۴ͷβַʲôµġ

ִʱԣΪ֮ӣҲС
ʦȷʵӣٶȣ۾ʱ򻹾ϴҺͽء˵
ʱ۱ͣûоġŶһ

ûһʦĻй
ʱۣ
ʲô⡣Ȼȷʵ
Ҳʶ⻰̫Σεӱӡ

ʱί޵òˣʱۣȥ
ʱ۵ͷɪżվллСָ硭ҲͣԼȥС

ʱԼȥͼʱһߡ
ʱŴ£̫䣬ڻȥ϶Ҫ˪˪ѵȥװϴ侲侲

ܴ󣬴ܻΣʱࡣ
ʱ۸ֻλεǰߣʵڻεʱĵץָ첲

ʱ˵ˣǻء
û˵꣬ȻһŮ˺ˮʱæ֣Сָ𣿡
͵ͷˮˣ
ʱۼʣоԮ𣿡
ֵͷҡͷУûģ֪Ķ

ʱ԰ȾܣѰܹȥߺ֣Сָȥˣȥˣ
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ֳķ󺰣׸磡۱ȥˣ
֮ڽ·ۣ۱֣̫Ѩ£͵̧ͷ䡣

˪˪Ҳں溰ž۱ȥˡ˪˪ץס̫֮죬Ҳȫû
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ʱۣ
ǰ֮

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ʱۣ֮

ʱ֮ļڽлȻæغأأæ
кüͨˮǾԮӵˣæסʱۻˮˡ

֮ʱۣʱۻӾŭ𣬿ھѵв𣡴ʲôˮ
ʱ۱סˮֱۻٶȶ

֮ŭô㣬𣿣ܲܶµ㣡
ʱŰ֮˫ۣǷģģ˫Ǳġ

ҡʱǿﱻѹڡ
˵ȥ
ӶᣬĺܣĶһ
ǲرȻΪʲôһأ

Ԯʱʱۺ;Ԯһصϡ

˪˪Ҫ˴ë̺ѸΧϣô
ʱ۱亣ˮö£巢Ҳܣҡͷ

ҲϽŴë̺ȥΧ֮ϡ
ʱۿҲŴë̺֪֮Ҳˣûͷ

ָ֮ë󣬺ʣʱۣô
ʱڻ˵£̧ͷ˵Сָ磬û¡
˿Ǿͺãһ㵹ˮȣðˡ
֮üûɵط֣꣬Ҹ̡

ָϽ̣һߵ̱ʰ֮˰׸磬ղſ۱ȵ˭𣿡

֮ộʱ۾ˣ৵̧ͷʱۡ
ӳ֮е⡣
̨ܿϨûӳ֮һı
ˣ˵ˡ

֮ҵˮ䵽ϣ޷ȼ̵ݸ̧֣ʱ߹ȥ
ǡ˷ӵʱʱôվʱİ֮˿

ʱ۾ȵŮǸԱŮѣյʱСĵȥʶȥץʧˮ
ԱŮѺЩ󣬹ʱ۵л
ʱ۴˸磬űҡͷûû£û¾ͺá

վڰ֮Աߣʱ۴磬˵ô죬ʱܸܲð

֮ë̺紵ʪңҡεĴ£۾֡

֮µ˸̣سһ̣ݽȥ
ٳ³һڳ̣һ̨紵ɢ
ͷǳ𽥱ɺ죬ٱҰ

ָ֮ͷֹǸ뷨ת뿪
ë̺°֮ȫʪģװһŹ¶ʪӡ
ҡҡλΣʪӡ˽ࡣ

֮
Ȼ˺

֮Ȼֹͣת

ë̺СＱͷ˸ί˵ĻȴĹģȥҪˮǧ𡭡
û˵꣬Ȼ˸磺ౣ

ʱ۴磬ӣ˵ǧðˣסԺһҪౣ
Ƶٱ˵֮һҪע壬ע⽡ౣ

֮ڷ΢˸űȴȻСĪл۵״ڳ
ȹԼɡ˵
Ҫ˵һĵĻڣǱζġ

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һϴϵϷվûֻ꣬һ롣
ˣؾƵꡣ

ʱ۱˪˪ų˺ܶҩ֮˪˪뿪ʱԼڷ䲹
˪˪ߺʱڻǿˣؿһ
ԽԸܾܲܽ

˵⹴|ô˵£ˮ档
ûˡ
ʱˡ
һδαܳȥ׷֮û˺ööࡣ

֮Ҳû˯ţΪ֮ܣҲΪնѣʱ۾ˡ
ϷĲˣҪ˪˪ϵ٣պ˪˪ϢҲ˹

˪˪۱ûѣͼ˯֮£ھ飬ҲϢˡҪǶˣ͸һҸͷ

ʱ۷ֻʧߡ

֮ʲôأ
ǲȥأ

ֱڣŷԼһ¡
֮ǰ֮˵ղϵһֱԼ׷֮ˣȴҪһ¡֮ǲϲˡ

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ϻؼˡ
ûм͵ļգҲڼҴţϣļս󣬰֮ٻ

߶ʱۣʱۻæܳӭӣ˵Ӵ۱ڻˡ
ʣ۱Է𣿶

ʱһһû˭ˣûʣ壬Ұϻ𣿡
˶һۣﶼԥ˵æûڼҡ
ʱ۵ͷԴ񾭱ţ̵̫ۣ¥ˡ

̿ʱ¥ıӰ̾˵ÿٵӣŮԾ
ҡͷ˵ǰܿʱֿƬ̫ˣ
ָ¥ϣ۱ȡ·¹˯ġ

֪⸸Ůʹʱʱ򣬸Ůúһ·һķ羰
˭һʱˣŮһ涼ûܿܶ໰δü˵ܶ羰δüˡ
⸸Ůһֱû߹ʱʱš

ʱڼ⼸죬֮һֱûؾ顣
Ҳһֱæûл

ֱʱյĵϣ֮ؾˣϵ˪˪绰ʱۻȥϷ
˪˪ûʱֱۣڵ绰ܾˣ˵ʱ۽Ҫ飬ģ鷳һϷ
˪˪һͱϵ˵٣ð֮ϷݿԴһ죬ĺǵĶϷϵܸоҪͬˡ

ʱһû˯ƣ¥ʱѾڲԺȿȡ
ʱ׼ݵˮͷߵˣʱ¥æкʱۿԷ
ʱߵ£ֲͬ۾Ȧ˻źɫ

ͿʱۣЦصգ˵үǲе̫ɥˣҪڳүڶñװɡ
ʱҲЦˣҧһţԲڱϸʳһ˵ǰǱñֵġ
Ц˵˵Ǵҹ㡣
ʱֵУ˵ɣ谮⻰

ʱ軹ͲǴҹ㣬Ըرֵˣʱ۳裬һģӿ̳Ƶģʱôһвסˣвס
ֻҪʱڼңԶֵڣһĸڼҵ־ûɥʱ
ʱۺգգʵ

ǻ·ɣ˵극ȥƯȹӡ
ʱ۵ͷӦˣС

ŮԷʱ͵ֻ
ʱãʶһۣƳʾ֣ӯ

͹ҶδӣҶϺҲûͨ绰˭ģ˵۱һҲ㡣
ʱ۵ͷӦţá

Թͣʱ¥һɫȹӣС黨裬ϲģ
·ʱñ﷢İٶӯ֡

û˵֣²᲻Ǹճǡ
Ȼ٣ֻ9Ȼӯǹ

ӯ˭
ʱڱ¼ֺĴָͣ˺ܾãվǸƷܳ

ʱۣиӯˣ鷳Ҳʲôġ
ܳѣͨǰûٸɲ£ʱ۵һ뵽ľæ

ܳôˣһ鰡Ҳ԰
ʱۣҲ֪ǿˣеɻҲɡ
ܳУ飬鵽˾㣡

ܳ˵ˣһˡ⼸涼ûᣬҲûϿΣûȥʲô°ɣ
ʱۣûа

ܳУûȥǾСأĵôˣ
ʱۣһѾԺ˵ɡ

ܳäĿ֧֣Ͱ۱
ʱۿһи̾ţ鸴ӡ

*

ʱٲڵƬϵİ֮յϷݡ
ʱ۽ΪʲôƬ£Ͻû˵ԭ

տʹǰ֮ͬµϷݣⳡϷʦ칫
ӰۺӰϷһ

ϵҲĵúɣ˺󣬹ȥհ֮һϷ
պˮδŮǣ˱ϵⲿϷŮأ

֮ɳϷ籾ϽǱһۡ
ŮˣΧ仯У԰֮Уо֮ϵǱ߿һۣо֮籾Ƶʱ仺о֮

Ͻ˵˵ʱ۰е£ҷһ١
һ٣⣬˼Ц˵Ҽǵһκ٣ֻСʱļ٣Һһ٣˵ҲҵŮôͬٵģ
ϽյĻɱ룬ֻԽԽ֪˶ѡ

֮ǰû˽ⲿϷŮǣֻ֪ǸⲿϷСŮˣڱ˽һЩתͷʰ֮СŮݼô
֮ϷﾫӢʦװģȴϣ籾ľֹؿ·Įġ

üŮ˶кܿµֱ׷ʣϷô
֮Ӿ籾̧ͷģɢЦˣʦ㣬ʲô

ϵȦҲǶ԰ԺܸȤģȻ˽֮յĹϵûЦʣ֭ܡ̸
պͰ֮ͬʱش𡪡
գûС
֮ûС

ϵˣ̾аɡ
ЦЦЦòȻ

֮ദ֮꣬ǸˣضϲҲҲס
ͬҲǸˣ׵ľ֪֮ûϲҲһ̶Ķûй

ҲûԼŹԼװ֮ûĹžΪǰ֮Ĳˣ֮ϲ˺Ը
˶̫¿õ˵Ҳûֵòɢ

ˣղ϶ۣ첲˵ҿ
ǰ֮èҲǰ֮ģ֮װļҲΪװֻʵʱڼʲô
֮óֻݸգմ򿪸ͷҲ󿴵Ŵڰ֮ͷë
֮ͷҲֻвôˡ

պͰ֮ƵèӣʱЩȤ£Ƭ˿̸ʵ֤ʵ˰֮յڲͬԼ΢еĸչ

ЦŲ˻⿴֮ȡˮͻȻʣʱǸʲôŮ
֮ñĶȻһͣ
˼ؿ
֮ˮ赭д˵̫Сˡ
ճԾ
֮ĵˮ֣ʮꡣ

ʮ⣬˵Ҫ̫аɡ
̸ֻ̫֮С

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չźз緹
ǰյϢ߹֮Ϣ
ǰ֮֮ǰøǰġͺʱ۹ϵĽ

ǰ㿪λС˵˿ʱ͵ĳҲһ£ͼҡ
ǰִƬʱ۴Ưȹӣ࣬͵ı

ǰɵøпʱ۵ıͰ湻ģǣô֪ģ
֮ޱ鿴Ƭ𽥱Ӳ

ǰоˣһ£̧ͷ˵㡭
֮ת뿪ҳȥһ£׼ʱ㡣

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ôˣվ׷ȥʡ
֮䣺û¡

УͻȻˡʱйأ
֮ǰƬߡƯȹӵʱ۵˵Ӱ첻

ڶϣ𽥱䰵̾
ѾӰ˰롣

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ʱۺʹĹػĵ͡
Ϊ裬ΪֻĻϳֵġӯ֡
һʶְֲԶְҲҪʼµ

ͣſڣʱںűۣû³
۾Ϳ޳

Ϊʱ۴򿪳ţΪ˯ˣѣǵˡ

ʱ˺һûۿ֣װƵ۾ӳ
§ذ۾ˡ

ͼҸͣõĳۣ֮ǰһĻûб仯

ʱ۴źഺĻɫȹӣ̧ͷڶЦЦ¶˾С
ʱԴһƣʱԴһᣬƵֵ͵ָͷ࣬˵ֳ֫ǾԵܡ

ȻʱͻȻֱס͵
Ҳſ˫ۣסʱۡ
ӵű˺ܾá

֮ջĿ⣬Įص뿪

СŮתϲˣڻѻ

ʱؿţ˺ܾãʪְֵ·վ̲ס޳֡
ʱ۵ļ򣬺ԣа㣬аְ֡

ʱ۲ͷҡͷֻ¡
ܸоõҪûаְˣҪԼˡ

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֮Ϸݡ
һʧ㰸֮λʦֳģ¼̽Ʋ⡣

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Ȼ֮е˵仰ͻȻͣסһʡ

ֳԱڵۣʦô¶ⶼڼˣ
񶼵˰ɣôŻ겻İ
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֮ͣƣԵݺ͹ԱǸ˵Ǹ
̨֣ʱù

֮ļǷ̨ʹ׸˵ϷNGʱºȻľ̨ʣҲٳӵ÷ǳ㡣
ȻⳡϷȴŴʧ

̨ʱ̨֮ѾϤ¼飬̨ʱ˵ϵˡ
ϽڵϷʱƢãѾڷıԵ֮ȷ׼ˣ

֮ףţˡ
Ͻܺƣġ

֮һװװվڷ֮ͭ䣬һڵš
˼

֮ͷԵһˣ۾һ۾ȻϷ䣬־ʱӲӰʦģκһͷ¶ݡ
˼ţ޴ţü䣬Ҳ䡣

ϵʮǰָʦЩӻ⼼һ
鲣ڷ⣬ڰ֮ĲϣΧڷ⣬İƤ͸İްͷİ֮ 

һٰʮȻƺ󣬰֮˵̫˳˳˵ΪĿԡǵ˭Լ˭ǰ͸ǵķŮʱͲµġ

Ͻٴνͣ
֮üϽܣϵôˣ

Ͻ˵ôˣ
աȡ˵֮Ϳ仰ҵģҴˡ

֣
Ӱ۾Ȼ̨ʵĴ

Աڵۿˣô°Ӱ۸ղˣ绹úõģô˻Ƶأ
꣬˵ˡ

Ǹ֮ϽܣǸݣһ
ÿһĻԱ׼ԹԱϹǸǸλˡ

֮ǸúܳϿңϽҲ÷ˡ

ٴοġ
ǹˡ

֮ĶϷ֮ʧ󽥽ˣϵɫҲǻָ糣ˡ

֣֮ͦʱϷҲûôʧôĶϷʧôࣿ
ϽܻһֱϴûϷأ׼ʱۻ󣬸ϡ





13.  13   1.2Ϸ

ʱ۴Ӽһֳһꡣ
侲ࡣ

ڱ֮󣬻׷֮ԡ

ְҪԼˣûĹˡ
׷֮һл

׷֮ǰҪ֮ǲϲա

ȻǳǣĵһϷϵŵϷ֮ⳡô׳趨ĳ˴ԡۡ

Ƭ֮ƺΪҹɳϡ

ʱȥʣʦҹ𣿡
֮˫ۣĿⲻ䲻Ȳ̲

Ҫ鷳ÿлл˵
ڶһİ˵

ʱҪʵǲϲյĻһӾ͸ȥˡ

*

ˣ׼ϵ½ϷʱۣʱۣղûȾưɣ
뵽ϴκܲõĻ䣬ʱʹҡͷʾʲôûҺҳԡ

˪˪ʵʱϷҪôλ
ʱ룬ҡͷðɡ
֮Ҳûоܾ

ڣϷ
ɳϵϷ

ʱɳϣԡ۵İ֮˫ֳʱ࣬Ŀתؿ
Ӧ£Ĵ
ʱ۲ԾĲӣٳδ졣
ʱ۵˰Σû֮ۿ˫䣬֪Щʲô
ǣǶ²ʱ롣

Ͻ֮ܺʲôأ
֮üȥϵľƺһڣǸˡ

ʱ۸о̫ۣ֮Ҳ֪ôģǸˡ
ֹǸܿ϶ңͲõҪǡ
δ˵֮꣬Ȼתʱ۱֮䵽ˣо²ãܣ֮ۼֿ׽סͻȻһͽɳ

Ͻܿ忪ġ

ʱ۱һŵʶս۾ûôë˰֮һ̣֮Ĵ
ʱ͵ۡ

֮΢˫Ŀתζų¶һ緢ۿǣһһ£Ȼ

ʱ۴·˽ȥƵľסκġ

֮˫۵Ŀ⣬һƣϡ
΢ȵָ̧°ͣͷ

ʹʱСǲһʱץɳ˼ӿ죬նȫڷȷ̡
ʱ۽ŵòҺ촽Ҳʶúܽ

촽̫֮ҲûҪǵ˼ֻǻصǻ´ġ
ʱܸо֮ǵúᣬŵҲ׻һչ

֮ûҲûдⲻ촽շתغס´һһẬ¡
ʱͷһؾǣɳﲻܶȽŹͷˣǵʧ񣬺ļһǹ顣

֮ϵʱ۵촽δϵ޻Ǹ仹Ůķ㣬ζĴܵѭ򽥽ţ·Ʒʳͣ


ϽͻȻһ¡

ʱ͵ػعϷˣ
عʶư֮

֮ƵסͣʱȻʱ۵´ƿ
ƿһɲǱ䣬תͷϽܣˣ
֣ҧúأѹ͵úܡ

˸ƨ
Ͻ˦ž籾֮ʱĥأ죡ҲǱ˻Ǳסˣ֮죡

ʱ۴ľ
šĸ˼

֮üʱۣʱ͸˵ӣңڽܵĿ˲ӣ˫ס죬ԲĴ۾͵رս
⣬촽Ҳǵúܺ졣
ѪƤҲӵ

ǲϴڴײǣĳǡ

֮ĶҲòᣬԼҲܸоѪҺȶӣȵ˶ĵҲȡ
ǲŲæĴݣᱭˮ¡

ˮưں󣬰ָ֮ñ˵ʱˣⲻʣһˡ
Ͻתͷʱۣ˫Ҫʱۣ㣬úϲ𣿡
ʱ۾ﾧӨðˮͨǸո˲õ£ɵңҡ֪
ϽüҲʱ˻᲻˼ɼȻԱ͸רҵ
۵ɰ֮ǰҺúôʱۣʱ۲˼͸Һ˼㣡ĵӰڿǹҼң

Ͻ˵վߵ֮ǰϷƽʱʱ۾ģֻѵڿԼѵʱ򲻶ϸԼֻһСѣΣӦչûǷ뷨Ǿƺ󣬾ƺÿƣ

ϽָʱۣҿˣʱĵǸŮˣһŮˣ뷨ҪĵֳǽռΪУҪʧصġ

ϵ֮ͻأϣ
Ȼ֮ϽܵĿȴ֣һ̩ɽϽѹȥʱϷĽɫС١㲻Ҫôν
ϽܲŸտʼϷû˵ϰϷĽɫ֮ѵƿһ£ߴ٣ױ׼ģ

ʱͷо֮仰ڶ˵ġ
ʱۣϷ٣㲻Ҫ顣

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֮ʱ˫ֳ࣬
Σֻ촽ǣںס´ͬʱҲڹĴ

ڸеԼĴ֮ǵʪɲǣʱʶ˲
ָо̫İ֮ǰĽӴˣԺݷ޼䲻벻ġĭĸ֣ˮĭʪԷöԷȥ

ʱ뷨ոͱһ׽ȫ񾭡
֮Ĵҧ´һĥͬ½ǵ֡
ʱ˲崻ֻлѪҺڲϲżżⲻԾع𣬵ϵ顣

ʱʶͷܣ֮ǰ׷ִ̧°ͣתɵס޴ɶ㡣
ԴġĴ𽥱һġĴ촽𽥱ǵû۶ʪȡ

ʱͷƤ鵽Ҫˣԭʪ𣬴ĭʪ촽̡
㣬ʪʧ٣ȱ

Ҫˡ
ʱͻȻͷʧصǣ֮ʶϥ׷Ҫ


Ͻ־ž籾žž죬ŭʱʲô㣡ʲô㣡

ʱ۱ͻȻһʶ֮һ
֮üͷƿ
ʱۣ
ʱΨְ֮εæվߵɳβš
֮ʱôԶõֱüˮ

Ͻܼѵʱִۣ˵ʱۣղŶʲô㣿Ϊû㡣Ϸ㰵ˣ㣬¸ҵСŮѵõĺûᣬʲôģ׼㣡ҰѸ첲§ȥ§סӣ죡ʱҲ죡

֮&ʱۣ

*

Σ

֮ԡ۴󿪣ؼ֣ˡ
ʱۡ

ʱ˫ҪƲƵץԡۣ£Ծ𲱾Ҫ룬֮׼ӿٴεס޴ӡ
֮εǱ֮ǰļһЩ˱ϴ˿촽̽˽ȥ
ʱѺ죬΢΢ŴԵ

ʱûӹǣ촽ǵſëָ߬ԡ۲³ţȻš
֮̽ݣ̽ȥĵȻһɵġ˺ҧ´ڳݼʱۣ졣

ʱ֣֮˼һΣһ¡
⵵ڣ֮Ѹ̽ȥϵĽڿ

ĳر֮Ƕ˼УϥƣȫϣϮ
ʱ۱ǵȫ֪ʲôǻӦֻ֪ǻ̫Сͷ޴ɶ㣬ϵر֮
ӴഥйٲϱŴ󣬷Ŵʱ۳ܲסߺȻһ޷ƶµ
֮ĿȻٶȼ


ȻʱϽžžžƣ

֮ͶҲѾȫ糺죬Ͻܵǿбϣȫ񱻶סһɢ
ԱߵΨһһǵϣޱˮ

ʱ۱ǵ˫ʧ촽⣬˺һվ
͵֮֮ʲôûһʮֿٵس뿪˽ɫ

ʱԺţӦóȴչȥС˵ʦǸǣǣҳǡ
˵⻰Ҳͦ˼ģԽ˵Խ졣

ִ֮ڱϣĬ
Ĭá

ʱۣˡ
ʱۣʲô

Ҳϲģ֮һ䣬˷ʱ䣬ɡ





14.  14   1.2ټ

СŮⲿӰͶϰĻ³
֮ͨ绰󣬶ֱʱڵĺƻݡ

Ž˿۾Ŀ˹˹ĵѡƣĽŲ̧۾δͷ˵ϴͨ绰ҪŮԱǺ£
֮Լ

˿۾۾𣬲ѣҪǮġ
֮Ű׳ûûϵӣɿģûаӰƽʱš

֮ߵһԾͰϣ£Ƥ˵ⲻ𣿡
Ҳ˺ͺ˽ʱɢǻ

ժ۾˴۾ϲڵĻң´ϣҸĽԼɡ
֮Ǯ࣬ԡ


˵ѡơ
ѡһƿƣĴһƿרװãؼš

װúƣװڴķ޲۾˵ŮǺ׷㣿Ϸ

֮ЦЦЦԨΧǽڵĻտ
룬ǳ롣

*

չʱڴϷ
ΪְַΪ֮ܲ

еȥð֮ţʰ֮ǲϲա
ԥʱܳĵ绰˹

ʱ۷˸ſڴ˵ôˣ
ܳԥ㲻æӯˣڰϷ㰡

ʱһ£Ӵ㷢Ұɣڿ
ܳѾϣЩģСʣ㣬ֵŮ𣿡
ʱһţΪʲôôң
ܳ˵ֵĸͬѧջع
ʱ۵öȻһңȰƬҰɣҿ

Ҷϵ绰ܳϢҲ˹
ʱۿһǣӯŮ37꣬δ顣
ӯƬվڰǰƬúƯҲʡ

ӯͰְǸͬѧĻӯӦҲʶɣӦ֪ȥ˰ɣ
ôӯĺְ֣ദ
ְҪʼµ

ʱɫͻȻ÷ף촽ûѪɫµƬһͬѧۻƬӯ֡
ʱ۴ţһƬն
ְֵҵ绰²ְֿҪٻһָоʵְֺӯǸͬѧһָоǾۻӰһָмָо·ڶĺбܡ

Ҫܺʱֻع
ʱ۽绰δڣ̲סǻĳ

˪˪ʱ۵Ŀǻѿʣ۱֪ˣ
ʱۿһ֪ͣʲôˣ
ʣ˪˪Ҳ֪𣿡
˪˪ο˵û°۱ûͰ֮ĳɣԺлġ
ʱۺһͣ˵ʲô
˪˪ס˵˵ʲô˵֮Լ˰㲻֪˵ʲô

ʱһ˲΢ѾԼǩ𣿡
˪˪˵ȥҴϰˣ˵Ѿǩ֡

ʱ۲԰׵ɫòҰףΪ𣿡
˪˪·֪˵ͣ˺һ˵״̬ãӰ㡣۱Ӧúûϵģ롣

ʱʵ޷룬֮ڿⲿϷʱ򣬾˵ҪŮǡ
࣬Ŭ࣬Ϊ˺һϷôܽԼ

ʱͻȻܳƵ꣬¥ܣ֮ܵſţ֮
֮㿪ţ

ʱ֪֮ǸŵˣΪھƵ꾭˿Ҫǩ·ˣΪ˱ڷ
Ȼʱȷ֮ǷڷҪţŵĶҲͬʱڷй
ٲйѪܾҪˡ

֮㿪ţ
ʱ۲ͣţ֮

ʱõҪ˵ʱͻȻ
֮ӰվſڣĿڳ

ʱ৵ľ͵һһΣϻա
֮ϵᣬһԡ

ʱۼҧҪᣬɱﲻȥ
ڲٱᣬỮգʹĿǻʣΪʲôԼΪΪ˵Щ𣿡

֮û˵

ΪҲ˵Щˣ𣿡
ʱ۵ؿǰһƬģʶȥץӣԼԺ㻮޻Ҳ˵ЩˣʲôˣֻúϷ𣿡

֮㿪֣ųޣ˺ƽ˵ʱۣڱݷ츳ףδһнԺá

ʱ۱ֽڿУᶼһ͡
Ϳǻ޶ԣһΨֱ֮

ʱٴסֿҲˣҲЩˣԼ𣿡

֣֮ϴͻȻ꣺ûˣ
ʱľ˺

֮˦Ҫţʱ

֮վſ˵ʱۣҲϲ㣬Զϲ㡣

ʱҧ촽оеڴ˿̱֮ûˡ

ΣʣϲϲңҶԲҲ֪

ԼҽԼңҶԲ𡣡

֮ᣬ˺ǽۡ
ᣬĿִ˹

֮ﶸȻһۣ꣬Һ̸ˣҵĺӡʱۣİɡ

ʱ͵̧ͷţһʼ˵û̸ģ
֮䵭ʣ㲻֪˶ܻ𣿡

ʱһ˫Ŀʧն
֮һֱں̸ջˣѾ˺ӡ
Ȼһһ׷˲ǸĻС

ûˣʲôûˡ
˵õĻһֱչİְûˡ
ϲˡûˡ

ǵһһεƭ

ʱ沼ŵʹ۵ؿ֮
ڵߣһƬģҰǸͦεӰĮվ

ʱۿ˺󣬲˺ҪԶӰ

ʱսȭͷþȫϲ޺Żӱеϲ֮ƭӣҲϲˣҲϲˣ

ʱӵϡ





15.  15   1.3ϲ֮⡭

ʱۺ˪˪˵Լ鲻, ˪˪ھͬ⳥Ⱥˣһ˻ٰƵȥסȼپƵꡣ
۰֮ǷԼ飬ټˡ
, ûѧУֻػ, һǡ

ʱδеƹ⣬ë̺, ˮվ̨Ͽһһĸꡣ
˴󣬷ĺһӿʱ۱ĺ紵Ͷ䶼, ˫Ҳ𽥱ʪˮ

İ, ŬһԱȫȤ, ʦǿеıš
֪ȥΡѧϰ˺, ŬΪտһ

ɵͷ, İǺ塣

ˡ
֮ȫûˣǵ, ƭĺȣȵУҲûϲɡ

Ҳڲż, ֮ûж֮ǰ£ڴ˵µ£ûǸ
ľϲԺ, ĺöȱҲð˳
ǶǸܺúܺõˡ

ʱ۱紵۾ʹ۾Ҳϱ紵ɣת߻ط䣬̨ţȥԡϴ衣
ϲ֮£Ӵ˳жϣ

ᣬʮ꣬¿ʼոպá

*

ʱһ˯úܲãټٵķֲ塣
ε豻ײͻȻεиɺ۾ɱˣεְٻĻֳε˭ҲεԼ֪ΣѲ

ܣȻجоѡ
ͷͺ󱳶˺ູܶͷֻʱĵӡ

ƵнŲ˵ʶѣ˿ĬĬл
˻ԼǸǰ˻ԴĵԼ˯ˡ

ֻӿܶ΢Ϣδӵ绰ѣû˸˯ߵả˯ˡ

峿͵ĵ绰ٴʱѾϰ˵룬ʱͷʹؽ绰绰Ǳ߳ȵ˲ѡ
𣿡
֡

ûӾƵؼңΪ֪ô֡
׵ģֲʮ꣬ʮĻͷһֱ޷ӹȥ߳ôδһˣֻʣֹµһˡ
ϣְԺµһˣҲ֪ԼӦ÷ĵףֿһ
׹ףû취¡

ʱۣô˵ͻ˵֣߰ΪʲôԼˣ
ʱΪʲôԼˣ͵һ
ӣͷϵĿȪˮˮְһ£ҸѣҺȿˮ

ʱôһΪģΪڰ֮ſڿ޺̫֪϶Ѿھ鴫ô˵鱻֪
ʱ۶԰֮ױҹ뿪顱̫ˡ

ʱ۳˲̸ô˵£ֺӯ£Ǻ˵
ûӯ绰ʲôʱأ
ȵӯʱٸ

ʱţֻ΢ŵϢȥ˪˪㷢֮ſڷ£û֡
ʱ˿Ϣ̫ʱˣԭֻ֪
ʱԱ̨ʹóʱƽ˵ûʲô֣ΪһҵϷѧУúϿΡ

֮ǰôģʱľû
ãģͷ˵Ǿ͵ҵĵʱģԼͲùˣ˪˪㰲źá

ʱ۴ӦţȻ˵Լû˯ѣ˯͹Ҷ˵绰

ʱ۹Ҷϵ绰ڴϹűԺ
֮ǰżϷ°֮ˡˡ
ڼȻѾûݰȷʵӦûѧУúϿѧϰ

ôһ⣬ʱ۾;ҵǰ˭Ϸȥ

*

ʱ۷飬ᡣ
Ϸװ˲·ƷܳҪ
Ѿؽ¥վ¥ݿڳ˿ȻſǱߴ

һϤᷴӪ档
ᵽίƵģô˰

ʱЦˣ֮ǰܳأüҪأȻֱˣʲôûƵġ

һ˵ˣ
Ӫģܳ
ܳܵʱȴɢ໰ƪѭ򽥽

ίˣ㣬û˭أ㿴˵ġ
ܳ˵Ŷ˰ɡҸղֻǡղ˭ϹѱƱƣҾ˭
ʱۣ
ţǳûˡ

ʱ߹ȥܳ泯桢ͬʱ
ʱȻûܳı飬ҲõƵĵ档
ܳ۾ر󣬷Ȧһ

ʱ뿴ʱϵı飬ԴԽܳܳ棬ȻˡƤ״̬úܲָֺɣ˺ܶ࣬û÷ɹڷ޸ջƵġ
ûڵӣʲôˣ

ֻܳһӣŹӣЬűӣҲûţаǼʱۿɲĳɵǱԼ߳ģǼʱۿ뿪ģĳЩϹҥ
ʱˣ鲻ĵӦǴڳǰϹѱƱơʰˡ

Ȼ֪Ļ˵֪ʱǺѣʱ۶԰֮ױܵ£ƵǺܶ˶ˣѧУܶҲ֪ˡҲû˼Ҳ˵ʱ۶ˣϣʱۻలοοѡ

ڿֵʱͻȻɵۡ
˵ʲô
ѧУ֪ˣ

ܳʱۣûʱۻһƽ棬ֱƵ˺ǽϡ
ܳѵΪˣľ͹ǽʼʱ۵ҥˣʱ۶ˣȥģ˵ľ㣡Ҹ棬ѧУ˵Ҽʱ۵лͷҾȥҹʰ㣡Ϊʱʲô̶ȣ

ɫȻѿҲЩҡΡ
ǱܳɫѿӲӶܳˡָ֣ŵġ

棬վתǵʱ֣ҲһΣɫѿ

ʱȿûˤʣ˭˵ʲô˭˭ˣ
ܳʱ۵סȻͷ

ʱ۱ܳһϲûǰܳ˵£ܳȫûϵʱۻˡ
ܳʮ־㵣۱ˣ
ܳ˵ˣûüʱڹµ裬ʱôͻ˰

ʱסĺˣסͷ˵ţһˡ

ܳû棬һѹӶﵽԴϣʱ䣬Ѹʱ۽ᣬƵĹغŷ
ܳûڣʱվ룬״̬µġ

ܳʱ۰£ô°Ϊʲô˰ǰӰأ׷𣿻˺ˣô۱
ʱ۲̫˵ûеģѧУѧϰѧϰһ̫Сѧϰ

ܳüоʱӦȻʱ۾ȻͽԼˣʱ۲ϸ˵Ͳʣ֧ʱ۵ˣ˵ûϵ׷Ͳ׷ˣʲôҶ֧㡣

ʱ۵ͷȻʣǸղ˵ģ

ܳͷۣʣ۱ûӵʲô绰𣿡
Ȼڹʱҡͷûӵĵ绰

ܳʱ۱Ӧ͸۴ʱȴ԰׵ʱ۲ͣĽëæ˵ȱţǸ
ܳһתͻȻЦ˵۱֪ô𣿡

ܳǰЩûô棬˴汻˸ˡ
Ϊתʱע˸߲ҵ˵Ҹ˵汻˸ˣо˵иǳҪϷҪģƨߵߵȥˣôţ黷Ҳ˺öϷھ鱻ĥˣˣֲôţһӣϷȫˣ죬۾׵øƵģ

¶Ӧú汻ʱ۰ְַɱûϵǱ۸ıƱġ

ܳ˵µʱˬˣˬֽкãڸʱⱻƵ㾭ֵüЦ
ȻʱȫûЦʱ۽űбƤţҲš

֪ܳǲȥˣò˵ˡ
ʱ۵֣ƽĿ˵ǸҲǸ֪ˣӰѧԺˣһѧܡ

ܳʱǺѣ֪ʱ¹ġ
ղ޼ɵǰ˵ҪҹȥҲΪûô¹
Ͼˣֻʱһ˵Ϻܡݡ

ʱ豻ȷﰩ֢󣬲ȥǱƼݵ˾ײȥ
Ƽݵ˾ºûоˣֺݣʹʱ豻Ⱥ;εʱ䡣

ʱ۰ְֵʱ˶ڱԵʧȥҪһҵߣҪɱǸƼݵ
ʱʱҲܵİְڼ³嶯ĸɳʲôü˽סְ֣ðְֳ嶯衣

֮ûãһϢƼײʱڱҵǰ˴ֲˡǹɵġ
Ϊʱʲôɵó
Ҳʱ۵ԭϲֻʱۡ
ʱʵһֱ¹ΪѧУ嶯ʱʲôһιϻմѪ

֮󣬹Ϊ˵±һꡣ
ܳĻƣ飬뷨ΣգΪҲΣգǸҪķӡ

ܳʱۣ۱ûҹ㣬ȱţ¡
ʱĻŵͷһ̲ס룬ԸпѾˣпѾòô嶯пܲκŵ¡

ţֻͻȻͻأشİ
ʱۺܳһһ¡

ʱۿǸİ룬̫ѨͲס
ܳİ룬ҲϢ

ʱ绰ֻֽ̧ŵߡ
洫ë˲𣺡۱һˡ
ʱ۵ĳ޲ǹ

*

Ƭ
Ա׼ŮûҲû
׼ߵ˶ڵϵţûע⵽߹ˡ

һ˵Ůôû֮ǰǶر׼ʱǰ𣿡
һ˵ʲôû˵ˣ

ˣ˵ݾͲˣ
ǰˡ˵ڰӰǱˣǱױܻʲôģҹءҲǣҪҲöˣʲô

ǣһ£ҵصǣǮ
˪˪ڴнƾڴҲûðɣ϶ðͬˣЩʧҲһ⡣

ԲֿۣɲСӦþǮ˼ǧ˰ɣнʯˣ
治֪нĻȥ֮𣿵˵˿˪˪ͷ϶СнɡҪнĻ϶֪ھ׷֮ɣñ˦

ȭͷ죬Ϳȣȣȡ
ٲԴϣŮָ˵ʲôǻĸĻ

ŵŮͷòڵϡ

ͦεİ֮ǡ
Ϊ޴ۣ֮˫۱խ̽Ŀ⣬ƽıС

Ů۱ץŵѾ
ּ״Բȥææεæˡ

ܵԶˣֳ̾˿
Ҳ֪ʱ۽ԼĵˣǾòʵ
֮֮ǰȻ̸˽Լϰ嶼ûǩͬ⣬֮ǵڴϰǩ֮ǰʱƬ㣬ʱ۾ȻɾͽԼˣ

ֳɵĥ˵ѵʱĺбܶøӣ˵ԼͽԼ˵ľͲˣⱳǴ󰡣ľ˭

ʵԼ죬꣬ԸоͻȻŨغһѹѹÿϡ˴Ǹ߸ϵŭ
ʶԼе󣬺ڵСԼһơ

֮תߵߣ˫ֲ嶵Ŵ⡣
ҳѵ⣬ɹͺͺľɫһƬǰܡ

վڰ֮Īо֮ıӰɪС
䣬ƬҲ䣬֮ĺֻܵһ׳ȳվڴǰ̫ݣŴ屳ҲɢС

ᴹͷ˼׸ΪʲôһֱѹôͣĿĵ뵽ʱۣʱ۵ʲôı
ԴԱߵһ֪Ҫ֮ĵѹʱʱһ¡

ǰվ󣬶ʹ˸ɫ
֪رܵ˼˸Զˡ

ǰֻߵ֮ߡ
ߵ֮࣬͸о֮͸ĵ䡣

ô죬ǰž亹Ĩ亹Ϳһ˵ʱ۴ӺƵѧУˡ
֮ˣû˵

ھƵ˵ȷʵǸǰ
賿ĵ㣬֮ҲסǼҾƵ꣬סʱ۵ĸڡ

ã֮ƫͷǰĿ䵽ǰĹĵ¶
ǰ֣гͷ̣ȥӰѧԺŵʱۡ

⡭ǰе㲻̫ˣΪʲô

̣֮ҧš
ƽʱû񫣬ֻ鷳ʱŻڡ
֮ǰʱѺȵƣԴ˾󣬾ƾͺȵˣֻܳ̽ⷳ

ã֮һ̳˴룬ȻڣǷծծչǻծ
ǰôծˣѵʶˣ
УȻծȥˣ

ǰ׷ʣǽǮծծ
룬ǮծͺðˡծծɾͶðˡ

֮ҧ̧ͷɣȻ䣺ϻܶࡣ
ǰ





16.  16   1.3Ƿʱ۵ծ

ؼ칫, ʱС̷칫ҵɳϷ
ЬֲҴЬС̷ɳЬϴ, С̷ɳϡ

ؼŽʱ۵ͣʱۣ㲻ϷҲϿ, ʲô
⺢ÿû¡

ûΣʱ۴ɳ칫, С̷򣬹ˡ

ؼһ룬üͷôô죿
ʱѣҳͬѧ

ؼ, ذ칫, ɫ棺ˣ
ţǵӰѧԺ, Ҵһѧ, ǰҴ˵绰, ˵һþò͹ҵ绰ˡ
֪𣿡
ʱҡͷ
ţ
ʱ۵ͷָ˵
˵ؼ˹ˣֲ޻̸ôô, 㻹˵ֳˣ
ʱۼҡͷ

ʱӲúܣ˵˵ؼûٶʣ˵۱, ˵һɡǺȻûʲô£ͦΣյģʲô¶ܸɳ

ʱſڰ칫, °ڸ첲ϣҡͷǲ˵
ؼ

ʱҲҪǲ̫˵﷢£˵͹ȸС̷ˡ
Ҳ֪С̷ܻ֣ǲֱӺ˵

Ȼؼ֪ôŹŮˣʱСﵱԲСͦ˵ģ˵ɹܵˡ

У֪ˣؼʱ۳԰裬㣬ҲýţҲΪã˺㣬ƾǶеƫִ

ƫִؼΪǺкڰ˼С̬
ǰǱ壬һԵݡ

ʱ۵ͷȻſںؼİ칫Ϸſſž˯ˡ
һѣ˵ܣ֮ʦˡ

ʱԺۡ
⺢˯϶ͷѹϸϸ·Ҳ˯ͨ죬ؼֽݸʺͿˮ
ʱۣ

СŮûʺͿˮأʱһӲһ߲ʺĨǣʺٺЦ˵СŮҲʺޡŶԣãҸҪá

ʱ۸˵֮꣬ŽʵɫЩ΢ܡ

˵һͬģĽŲ̤ڴשϵһ
ŽŲȻƬͣǸտ칫ڻһˡ

֮ĿһشкʱҲڡ

зĪ
Ҳ֪ģʧˣû˹Ƶġ

ʱڶ䣬ûƵģҲûлش𣬴תվܣæţˡ
ؼ˵߰ɣ˵¶Ҽˣġ

ʱۼü۶С̷ЦЦ˻֣תߡ
תҲû̧ͷ֮

ʱ۱Ȱ֮٣Ŀƽʱ֮ӣӡŰ֮뿪
ЦҲֻԺؼûְ֮

ʱ۲֮ʱ֮ŵСŨ㡣

֮СıӰվ˾仰ѧУγæ𣿡
仰Ȼʺؼģʱۡ

ʱ۵ķӦڶ䣬һֶûأˡ
ӰССǿ;úܣ֮ǰǰ˵ϲİˣ͸ġ

֮кӣ´Ƭ̣ȥʱ۸ϣָݡ
ʣʱ㣬ʲô£

ؼû֮ʣʰ֮ôˣϷˣ
֮Ҳǿһ飺ʱʲô£
ؼʲô£
֮

ؼͰ֮ˣؼղʱ۶԰֮ķӦЦŵ٩һ䣺˵ϰװСϲжϴλأѾϲˡ

ؼϴûΪʱ۲Ű֮˵е⣺СﰡƱ䣬ϲһϲȥģϲһˣСС鲻ԣԺŮעⰡ

ؼһһϲһһϲһ֮ɫ𽥳¡

칫źȻ죬ʱ۵СԴ̽ٺЦ˵ܣֻˡ
ķǺؼͰ֮ƫƫǿ֮ƵģֻؼһЦ

Ц¶СкرСѣЦã˫Ҳ⣬Цýֺá
֮ܶ˰֮ЦƯ

ؼԾ磺㰡ܶĵģԼҡ
ʱ۽ڰ칫ֱɳɳҵֻɳʱȥġ

ʱҵֻͷС̷˻ӣҵˣأǺܣ˰
ؼ֣߰ɡ

֮Ŀ޷ʱ۵Цϣסʱۡ
ܴܳ

ʱûתһ룬̫ԵںƵģתʦ£
֣ƮƮģ˼

֮ͷ֪ôȻ÷·ʱеľڻ
תڰ칫ϣ̧ͷǰСȻЦ
Цھϡ

˵ڵСϲɵÿ죬ϲһϲȥģϲһˣСС鲻ԡʱۣҲ𣿡

ʱ۵ͷǰ

ʱ۵⡰ǰ֣쫷һϮ˰֮ƽС
ƷСϵҬƹССǣҲСϰȵľһص̫ƽ

ϲɣ鲻ԲȣС뿪ÿ죬ܵԶԸٻͷϵ̹ϲһλˡ
һλ

ʱ۵̹֮ܲϲϲץ
Ц̫ÿÿ뿴űЦ

֮ٷӿǣ϶ǷƵ
ʱۣͷǰҲǡĸַŵúܻᡣ

ʱûȥ֮Ҳǡʲô˼
ˣϲһ˫ζżҲ

ûȥʱ۶С̷˻ֻܣ
ͬʱȻ֮

ԺؼĽǶȿ֮¶ʵ²
˵ɣؼ˫ֽϣ̸а˵ʲôң֮Ķ̸㰲ŵŮǣ

֮˵ŽŲ̊ʲУһɡ
ؼ

ؼֻǰ֮ߵľ͹˾ϰ壬ⲿƬؼûȨȥŻŮǵģҰ֮ǰҲûŮǲֹ

ؼ˻һ˵ǰҲûĵëôˣϴˣ
֮ԴӰˣƻҪɣ

ؼӰˣʱûˣ
֮ͣ룬˵ǡ

ǡֺƱ⣬ǲ˵£˵¡
ؼû׷Ҫȥ̸ʱ۵£˵Уͷ̸̸Ůǵ¡

֮˵ЩȻδߡ
ʣʱ۵°ͣ͸ʱ۽ĽԼ⳥ɣʲôϵ̸

ؼˣϹ˵ʲôء
֮ؼı飬˼ķӦΪʲôô󣿡

ؼ˵ǸŮӲ˵£Ӧܲ

ؼ˵ʲôϵУеľ¹ϵ
˵͸ȥŮǵ£ȥ̸̸ɣȥæİɡ

*

ϼҳϺ׼з

зǰ֮ģϺ轫ƤзŽˮзСˢˢзҲ֪æʲôϴԷ֮󣬰վͻһΣⶼȥˣûԹ

ϺȻ֪ջе¡
Ҳĸ֪δжʼδ˵Ҳû

֮˵æϷⲿϷڱȽϳʦõģעԼ塣
Ϻͷ̾˰ǲչԼ壬ǵһܲסˣˣͣ£
Ҳûͣ£ЦˣУֻҪԼĵУʲô飬ûпء

Ϻ߶߶䣬ûӦͷ֮
ڳſڣŴ⡣ѧѾʮʵǰʱһٵǰ緢

֮ˡ
Ϻ躰ʲôأǶҼҴʲô뷨ǶҼߵĿ뷨

лЩڴߵҲˣ֮ϿͻȻ̵εѧع䣺ʦ˵ʲô
˶ֱͦˡ

ϺʧЦֲټŮĻ⣬к֮һˢзݸ֮һСˢ˵ѧһϷһСǿ˴Ϸʱ㶼ڿ飬ŲϷԡĸС

ϺͰ֮ĸʶǰ֮ʦҲǴС֮ģǰ֮׽壬ܿ͸֮
ԽԽԸ̸ĵ׵¡

֮зǣֻʵʦҲѧɣڵӰѧԺѧǻô

ǿʹ̸ģϺЦ˵߻ʮǰ¡
Ƕʮ꣬ʮ߰ǰɣʱҡ

ϺˣЦ˵Ͱͯǳôʮʱ򳤵˧ʱǽһǺܶŮǧ갡ǺܷͷԼʲôܸɡû˵ĸŮ̸ô꣬Ҳû˵ĸйš

֮ţؼ˵ʱۺܵľ¹ϵôѵǸŮϵ
𽥸ӻɣͻʱ̸Ůѣʱۡ
ӣŮлУʲôϡ¶
Ϊ˱ܺ˽;һֱŮӵĴڣʱ۵Ĺϵ
ؼźǽʱģʱĸ׵գؼʱ۵С̷

һͺʱۣƺǴĹع
ʱǶʱ䣬ͺҲϢ˺ܳһʱ䡣

û37ͺ19ʱϵŮϵϣΪͲ̫18ʱۡ
̫ܣܡ
кܶ໭ϸڶͽͣʱִСǵԸҲ˽͡

ˡҲܲˣֻĲ²ѡ
֮˼

*

ҹϷƬ

֮ڿϽŮϷ
ϽܵһϷ󣬻ͷ֮

֮д֣С

ϽϷŮϢȥߵ֮ǰ̾һѹŭ˵ڣ˵ɣϷܼܲˣôô

֮һƬնԴﶼʱ۵ģ
ЦŽ磬ʦ鶯ģɰģƯġ

֮ʱӵ˵Ůǣܼ
ϽŭҪĸ㻻ٸˣ㵽Ҫĸ

֮Ĭ
Ͻ˵أ

֮Ĭ̯ƣԼǱͻơ
ʱ飬Ȼ뽫ִʱϡ

˼ã֮վûЭϺͶһɣٻһԡ 

֮Ͻòߵ˼顣
ûãǰ˹ͷǺ亹

ǰͰ͵ģϰף׸磬мҪ˵
֮һۣʣôˣ˵

ǰ̧Ĩ˰亹ȻͣǸ֮ǰ˵òʱۺ͵Ĺϵ½չ

ǰ֪Լ֮ǰûϹ˵¶̫̫ݵˣ˵ͿĿİģǸʱۺϣȥĵطĹأƬҲˣǸĹϵˣҲ鵽ˣСʱң͵ĸͬѧҲɣʱۺͺǡ

ǰĨ޽ĺԽ˵ԽСǡŮ

˵꣬ǰͰͷúܵͣ°ͶҪˡ
ܸоͷ֮һֱɭض

ʵ֮ĿⲢɭƽ
ƽȷʱǸŮ£ҲȷԼʱۡ

ǰΡΡذ̾
Ҳû뵽ôһˣȻʱôĺӡ

͵ǰ˪˪ʱˣǶû˻ǸŮ룬ΪѹҲŮ
ԻȦĳ꾭飬һӵһƯŮѧư֮Ҳôġ

˵ҲҲԹ͡ƽʱϷ̫͵ˣҲûýȥ͵ϣҲûκѻŮĴԡ
ڸǰף͵͵ô꣬ӦöΪŮʱۡ

ͷڳƽš

̫ƽ̫ƽƽǰǱǰƽ

ǰ˵ȷˡҶԱĹϵʱ䣬ʱѧУ˼٣Ҳ˺ܶ๤ǰͻȻ˵ҪϢʱ䡣ĹϵֽʱңʱǸաʱ۽ͼҵСҲ
֮ϣˡ
ǰɤһϽס졣

¶ֵģӵ͵ŮʱۣȻ֮۸ˡ
ԺȦ̧ͷͷĶΰ治֮ˡ

ǰӲͷƤʣ׸磬˵ʱ͵ŮĻǲǵðʱһϷ
֮û˵ת˳¥¥

ǰಽظڰ֮󣬰֮ƽ̤¥̨ϵɲ͡
µ¥ٲˣ֮ͣ¡
֮ղվڴǰĪˡ

ɢ¥ݸˣȻתΪǶķңѾԼˣʲô顣

ǰָ֮˽ദʱԴŵˣ̾ʱ¶ңûŪ
֮üͷţ޹ء

ǰ˵ң˼ŵʱ۹ŵծ
֮š

*

ʱ۴һͨ绰˵ˣû˵ģҲûٸʱ۴绰
֪ܳʱ¹Ȱʱ۸ְһʱأ²Ҳ֡
С̷Ҳû֣Ƹæˡ
ҲҺùûģʱ۾ͽ˼ѧϰϡ

ĽǴҴΣܳҿξӿȥ̸ˣʱһҶСٳᣬʱ۾һȥϿΡ
ͽڽҵţʱûǰţ˿Χұһû¡

δϿʱ۷Ԥϰţֱϻص㡣
ûӣȻоһӰߵԡ
ʱһ󼹶ʱдֵָʼš

ͬҪ㣬ѹԣҲƫͳû˰ɣˡ
ʱһ̧ͷ˶ǺĴţͬʱ˸еӶ
ûˣȥɬࡣ
ûйͷƤڷ飬ޱϣߡ

ʱ۵ͷװĿ¼ݣһͷ
£˫ַ˶ƫ

ʱ۳úÿЦɰƿߵʣ˾͸˺õһֱԱ߾ؿܺá
޷ǵǺܶǰ̱Ͱ߶ˣǾ䡪ǸҪæ𡱡
̱ǵСʱһǷҪæ

ܺҲϳ⳵ȥҽԺ
֪֣ܵûˮࡣ

δʱʱԱߣ࣬Ӥʳһ㣬ٽ֮ǰ࣬۵˲ݮıܣȾɿڵ󣬽̲ס
۾Ưװǰ񣬿Ǵʱ۾ȴж
ѿڲͣʿˮڽţң

ɫһ£۱˵þò𣿡





17.  17   1.4뿴㣡

ʱ̧ͷ, ˵þò
ʱŮкüɢЩ, ϸЩЦ⣺þò

Ͽ׼ʱʦ, ʱ۶Թͷ˵ˡʼǣΡ
ʦ˵ʲôȥĺ, ܸоһֱԱ߶̫Ѩ̲סһ
̫ԣܲ

òװһڿΣ¿һ, ʱ۸ϽóֻҪܳϢ, ͻȻֻʣʱ, ң
ʱæҡͷûС

ôôû, һ仰˵ֻ׷ʣ¿ξֻ
ʱңղϿ, ΣҪ˵ġ

ʱǸԱ׼˵, Աļòϣ
۾Ư˵ѶҲģһһ, ǿա

ʱ۵ƯҺڶ˵ѡ
֮ǰʵѾ׼, ʱۿ£׼

뽫ֻϵκˣתţ磬ҳԷ
ʱ۵ͷáʳ绹пΡ

ʳã۾
ʱ۶ߡ

ָֻȻս˵˵ʱۣΪӵ۵ŮȻʳóԷӵ۵ŮǲеС
вʱָ˺˵ǣ㶨

⣬ʱֻԼһڿζû黹
ڿνʱ鱾վߣ̧ࡣ

ʱߵúڹʱ䣬ĵߡ
̫ãڴ̫ã·ܵġ

ߵУſڣѾʱۺ͹ܾõҧ촽˺ܴģ첽߹ܵ§סʱ۸첲

ʱ§첲ĵһʱķƿɽ뷨Ȼ˿һԷ
ĵңһԷǲһ˺͹ԷⲻǼ顣
һԵĸлҡ

ûϵĵĶ̶ܵȣЦŶԹ˵ѽô겻۱ǲһ㶼û䰡ôɰ۱ǳŶ
漷üŪۣںͺѿЦƵģЦ˵۱ڶϲأǰɣ۱

ʱ۲໰ˣʱﶼݡ
Ȼɫһ䣬˲Ӱ

Ҫ£ʱɫǰӸɱһֱԼԴ֮ڽӵһϷȴǱɵôԶĵطϷֱ֮ɾͷֱϻЩ϶ʱ۸Ĺ
ԹԵؼ˵۱ϲ֮ء֪֮ӰŶر˧أѹ۱ϲء
ǿʱϲ֮ĻʱСཹҲͼӴףԱСۣ˵ʱ۰ҹð֮Ÿأʱۿ϶رϲ֮ɣܸɳ¡

ʱͻȻͷۣͷ۵Ĳˡ
һ仰˵תߡ

Ȼתͱקסס
ʱۻˣϱŵ鶼ϣǰߣʲôſң
ʱǰߣɭ㲻˵ҪҳԷȥԷ

ǳֲĿ涼ǰֹ
ֻںʲôѽſʱۡ
ͷʹһ
汻һֿ־ܡ
ͬѧ涯˻ۣ˵㿴ûôܣŪñ˻Ϊôء
ûû£ͷЦ˵Ǻѣİɣû¡

ĦгͣУſڣʱ۰ĦϣĦȥ
ʱ۶˲˵ʲôֻͣšſҡܡ
Ŷŭ˻вҺúţܣҾ͸͡

ʱס˲䲻ѪҺ䡣
룬˵ֻҡ

ʱЭҲ֪ʱӲͽֻ
ʱҪֻ绰ʱѽͷ۵ͷϣһõף˳ȥ
ĦٶԽԽ죬ʱŵ˫ֽסѣֻ

˸߼ţҪʱһ
ʱ۴ţͣ£
ͣٶȸ졣

ʱĿ־嵽ȫڷһţҪˡ
ȥǻš

ʧأȫʱ۵Ľ뺦£ڷйһǰ塣
߼ϳٶȺܿ죬ʱ۲ۣۡ

ϲ֮ߴ󺰣ʱֻۣϲҹ
ʱ۽ҧס촽ޱϣֹ

һӣڳ伫ٴ󣬼ͷХ
Сܵûµʱ򣬴ǸƼ˾ʱøݣûʱšףĦгڲȵĻζֻǰ塣

֪ʲôʱ𣬺ҧ
Ħг˸߼ţĳͻȻٳͣѡ

Ӿ￴һۣĳ·
Ĳ䲻ͷԸѸͼ١
ĳͣҧ졣

ͻȻ͵һתǰ档
ٴγǰұȥò١

ʱȻһᣬᵽĦгǰɲͣ¡
ҧòͣ£۾紵ۣ۾Ӧ

ͣ£ʱۺ£Ҫӹǰȥ˫ֽ²ȥ
ʱʱֻòһӰιԹѹȻʧ
ͷһ˽קȥܴ󣬹ȫ޷֮ر˦ϡ
δӰӰץסݺһȭһȭ
ٶ̫죬Ӧʱ۶û˵˴ڵϡ

תסĦгŵϣʱۣô
ܽҪ

ʱ۲ŵؿˡȻǰ֮

֮ǰ׵ģƸղű쭳Ҳҵģժͷ̧°ͣϸҰ׵
ʱ϶亹ָָͣЩ

ʱ۱쭳εͷΣʱ̧ͷֻ֮ѣͷζĵ£θ﷭ܣƿ֡

֮Ƶ۽һҲ亹ȻٴηסȥҽԺ
ʱ۲ҪҲȥҽԺֻ£ٴÿ
֮Ƶúס֣ԾɸϷ

ǳѪλεվ֮
֮Ӱۣ˭ʶ

ʱ죬ͷ˿ѪӰţư컯֮´ˣ
֮͵תѷŭղŲɱ

߹ǵѪ˺ʱ۵ľңзִ磬ÿ
֮ߵʱǰĥг䣺ŵˡ

ڻûʶղԼΪжΣգֻ뽫ʱ۴Ӱ֮ק
Ȼֻδ֮ͻȻоʱ
ʱ۵ײײ̻ܵߣͷθŻ

æҪܹȥʱۣ֮һסʱۣʣʱۣ
ʱ̧ͷ˦֣ſҡ

ʱſʱ϶ᣬſʱ촽ǰ׵ģ˫һڻָǣҲˣʱۣԲ𣬶ԲҸա
֮ù

־Ҫ֮衭
֮סָڲݿۡ

֮ʮһˣʮ꣬ʮ⣬֮
۵õȻ˵ݣ

֮˦ֻӿ׵ʱԱ󱳡
֮ʱ۵ѴңʱҲ֪ж󱳣ʱģʱ̧𣬹ٷ£֪ôЩҲĸС

Ű֮ʱ۵ıӰ˵ʱϲ֮Ļ
嶯һǳܲǰһĻ͵̧ҧг˵ʱֻۣϲң׼ϲˣ䲻׼ϲ֮

ʱ۶ǿյģȫ²ͷĿѣܣ߻͵һ仹Ҳ˵
ҧҧԼƽ˵侲طŹҲϲ
ָ֣ľǰ֮
ʱۺ󱳵İ֮ͣס

أĺݾʧ߹ʣʱۣ֪ҽӰѧԺΪˡ
֮ȻԾѹŹ棺ŵˣ㻹ָ˵ʲôȰڴĦгʧʱٿ㡣

嶯ߣռУҪȨð֮ʱ֪ʱֻġ
֮Ҹ㣬ʱҵģֻҵģ
԰׵ʱ͵ػͷ˻߰㺰Ҳ뿴㣡

ʱŭͿǻȻ޴롣
ʱ۵ݺݵص

ߡʱҪһһ˵
ʱ޴תΪţޱȺʧȥǵĳ嶯ΪҪǰ͵Ǹٶʱ۵Ŀ⣬ǰ
ֱʱۻҪſڸߣһʱ۸һҧʹĦг뿪

ȷ뿪󣬰֮ʱ
ʱٴƿݣҲ뿴㣡





18.  18   1.4ںˡ

֮ʱۻᡣ
ǰСﵥ, ȴ쳣ᶨ
˵Ҳϲˡһϲ

뿪, ʱĿ־ɢࡣ
ϵᣬԼվֱ, ߵ·

֮ȥʱۣȥҽԺ
ʱվ·͸, ȫ

ʱ糤ΪϺժͷѾңΪźѪɫ˫ҲվڽֱߵҡҡλΡ
֮վ, Էˤ, 㲻ȥҽԺѧУ

ʱһ仰Ͱ֮˵
ʵ, ŵڴΪ, Ϊ硣

һ⳵ʱ, ʱǰͣ¡
ʱ߹ȥţʱ󱻰֮ס

ʱ۵Ŀŵ󻺻ϣ䵽, 죺в
֮

ڵȷʵ̫֮ǰڿʱۡ־ܾʱ۵ˣȻĪͻȻ־ڻҪȥ
ʱû, ǰ֮в

֮䳰ӣ̹Ȼ˵Ҳ㡣
ʱ۾ƽԼĺԼ, ҶԼܷģ㲻ġ

֮һʱƿڣͬʱδ֡
ϸϸӯҲܸоڷ

ŮѾ˳ţȴקϳ˾үˣ̽ԴʣСô°òñ
ֻ֮һ׳ղΪڵĿɢţҲͷң˾ѹûϳǡ

ʱ۹ʵйɻ첻ߵľͷ˵У鷳ɣллʦˡ
֮̾ɿ֣⳵ǰ˵ʦʶͷˣ鷳ȥӰѧԺлл
֮·ͷңһӢȻͣɤҲԴҲò˾ϸۣǾòˡ

˾ͷʱۣС˵òñ
ʱϳãţ۾İ֮ƮһۣʦȿɣȥӰѧԺ

˾һЦˣųȥȻ²˵˰ɣʲôϵͦأ˵ְɣҲڴô࣬˵ѰɣֺϲԾ
ʱ۵ͷϵŰȫĵ˵ӣұִ󡣡
˾ˣУǹˡ

ʱۿ򳵵ĺӾֻһ׳İ֮վڳ档
üǱţûϵ֮ǰ׷СͻȻĲˡ
ԽԽԶˣֱܷĸ߸Ӱվԭδߡ

ϲһˣֻܿԷȱ㡣
һܰԴˣǸƭӡ

ʱ룬ѣԶǡ

*

˾ʱۿ쵽ѧУʱʱԴѣſʼơ֮ΪʲôͻȻ֣ͷôϳģ
תһ룬żȻ·Ȼ֮ĽСָϳ

ʱ۲԰֮лǲǸǰϳò΢ŵл֮΢ţгУſڽ
ܣſ³Ƕ·Լһߡ

ͣУſڣʱ۸л˾үɨ븶Ǯ³ѰҳӰ
Ȼδҵתͷ˴Ӻİ֮

λӰڳʲô裿
ʱüƿߣͷ΢ţûС

ͨʱ۽˵ôô͵˰ҪѧУ̲һҶۣ䣬ϣ
ʱۣ
û£ʱ۵ͷУ԰˵ˣһ㡣

ʱһֱͷ˿õɫҲ˶ߡ
ģоΧΧܶˣ˷ӵ

ʱ΢΢̧ͷΧ˺ܶŮΧڶָָ㡣
ܶŮǰֿŲǰ

뵽ʲô͵ػͷͿȳİ֮
˷ףǵİ׳ڴѧУ԰أĿ

ʲôʱѿʡ

֮ɨĲɫ۵ģ󲻽˵ҰͶͬᡣ

ʱۣ
вɣ

ΪӰۣ±Χ۵߽ӰѧԺҪȥŮ˵Ͷ
ʱ۲֪ôģҲ²ףɴ಻ͷߵ÷ɿ졣

֮ôԶľʱ׵ظһֱ¥¡
Χ۵ȺУ֮ʱۻǴʱ֮ױܣ϶Ǽٵ˰ɣ

ʱɨ󣬰֮δš

Χ˵˵᲻Ƿİǰ֮׷ʱۣʱ۲˳ģ
˸ͣ԰Ҳûпܰʱ۳úƯѧУ׷˿ɶأߵӲ׷ʱ𡣡

֮üͷһ£Īסߵӡ֡

ʱǰţЩۣ﷢֮û仹û찡ΪԼӰһ
ʱ۲ˣߵſڣ¥

ʱ¥ʱ۽ʱ͵ſڵİ֮ת̧Χһѧǣ΢΢ͷ
λҪʱۣ֮ºͽͣǲʵԣҺʱѣֻѶѡ

Ⱥʣ԰ôʱۻ
֮˵֮Ҳʱں

ԲۣȺը
ӰۺһŮѧ⻹׷ϲ𣿲ݣ֮ǰ˭ҥʱ۱֮˦˵ģҲ̫ˣ

֮ޱݺۼֻϣ˵ҽѲףϣλҪ룬ϣλҥлλ

֮⻰˵̫Ͽˣϸ룬ʱۺֻѶѡ
ܿתƣ˳Ұ֮Ҫǩ֮ظӰѧǩУ⡣

ǰ֮Χţæ³ˣѾؽ֮˳
֮ϳ󣬳˿˵Ҽ˿ţȷȫ

ǰղڳȫĿ˰֮ʱ۵ĵģ̲סʣôʱ۲ֻеأǡ׷
֮üͷ𣺡ҶһδСȤ㵱ʲôˣ

ǰˣʮꡣ
֮Ϊãûϲá

ǰ֮ˡ֮ǰȻʶԼܰԹͷˡ
˵ҿЦģֻ֪ǵʱۡ

֮Ϣ
ĵĪظһ飺ֻǵʱ۶ѡ

ԹƬ̣֮ȻۣǸҲŵ㡣
ǰʣǳ嶯˽й
֮š
ʱ۵Ǿ䡰Ҳ뿴㡱֡

*

ʱۻص᲻ãȺӵ⹫Ͱְֵĵ绰
±Ѿȥ꣬ƽͶûעԹصӰѧԺѧΪʱѧ£˶ûܵһʱ֪

ֱʱУſڱߺʱ۱֮ͻС鷢ƽͲ֪ʱ۳ˣæʱ۴绰
ʱڵ绰˵û£ƽҲ޷ģȥѧУʱۻ⹫ҡ

⹫ƽңΧʱۡ
ؼҲڣڵذԼں棬۵ؿʱۡ
Ӧðѹҹʱ۵¸߸͵ģæˣ̫Բʱˡ
ֺֺ¡

ʱѾϴ軻·ȻȻ£״̬ѾƽЦ˵ѽ⹫СС̷û¡
ʲôû°Ҳųģ˵ҪЩţŶҪ㱨ˣ

СʱļҪæкżҽʱ顣
ʱֻùԹԱ顣

ʱۿС̷С̷ۺͺڵؿ
ʱͻȻﴽС̷ЦЦʾû¡
ؼ̾˿ɰСŮԺҪС

ڳŵؿʱۣʱվʱ۲Զ˽ţҲ˼ؿ
ֱҽȷʱû£ͳ۱Ͱһ鷿
֣裬Ͷĸ˵Һ۱䡣
ţȥɣ˶࣬۱Ҳҡƽ˵

鷿⹫ƽ鷿ɫлʱʯϣƫͷ⹫ġ
֪ҪʲôӦԡ

ͱܣϸŮ
ʱۺͳʱԸСӣǿͷ¿ͷţ

ͻʣʱۣ£Ϊʲôûеһʱ֣߰
ʱ벻ɣӦԣְ֣㵣ġ

ҡͷʱ۵ĿҪ۾֮ΪʲôѧУŮ֮ǰͰ޻̸Ͱ

ʱĵ׽֮ǰ˪˪˵ûѾ鷢¸ֵ֣Ļ鷢£Ѿ
ǣҾö˰ʱ룬ѡٲΰ롢ʵֻ׷ǣĪ˱ס֮ôˣôϲ˵ϲҿ϶ھ鲻߰Ϊʲôôõľ˳ˣ
ʱҲͦί˵ȷʵ׷ˡ챾Ҫǩ΢ţȻҲȷʵܾ֮ˡ
ʱƣˡô˵£ô˵

ʱô߷ߵίƣ֮ǰʱۺ⹫Ҳ˵ǰ֮Ӱԣʹ͵һǡ
ͼʣǰ֮ôѧУ





19.  19   1.5˭֪㰲ġ

ʱ۴Ѹת, ҵһɣ˵·ң֮Ϊ⹫ѧ, ⹫˵չң⹫, ҵѧУˡ
͵ͷˣ״ǡ

Ͳ, ʱ۹¡
˵ĳ嶯ǰѾԹڹִʱôΣյ£ͷǳġ

˼˵, ֮ǰ, Һ⹫۹ˡǰǼй, , Ӧü˼, ҲףҲ̸һΣʢ׳嶯, ˺ˣҲӦġ

ʱǣ֣Ħгʱ˵һ仰
ͣţ
ʱԥ˵˵Ҹ, ͸ˣҰ֡
ɫʱ䣬ߡ

ʱۺٿ, ͻȻæ׷˵ְְ֣侲㡣
ֳ嶯ҲǸҪģͲȥɱǸµ˾

ʱ׷ȥ˵嶯嶯Ϊ㵣ģ𣿡
͵ͷʱۣʱһžеƲסᣬۿһȦѾ졣

Ϣ룬תסʱۣ̾Դ˺ˣ˺ˡ

*

ʱ۶ֵĵĶڶԹ£ԼһԷ£ĥӲģڸһȥˡ
Լڱ˽˵İ棬ʱۺ͵ʱѾòڰȴ

á볤ʺá

ʣҲʮꡣ
Ҳţʱŵ˶ԵúܸɾէһǸˡ

̫ԱͷǰľֹͬĳȺȺضŵŮˣصͷ˵ô磬ÿ
˵ʱ

ԲʱԾߡ
͸ŮŲ裬˵Һʱ۵ĸŮϵһֱûѾܶûһԹˣⶼҪл

֮⣬˼Ƭ̣ϿҵǸ˵ʱ۶Բŵˡ
̧ͷͣԲ֪˺κ˶˺ʱۣҲκʱ۵Ĺϵ

̧ۣȻƽѱѾŵˣⲻ˺
ȫر͵ʣ˵еڶΡ

Ͳӹĳŵ岻㣬ͻСǳ嶯µʱΪˣ֪ŵ˵״ơ
Ϊˣϲľ˶˵ĲΡ
ϳס壬˵ôҡ

˵ô⣬δôڶһܱ֤ѧҵ꣬ٷ𣿡
˵ܡ

̧ۿֱֱ
ף˵ĻĻҲֻǴʱ˿̶ѡ
֮£ʱ䡣

˵ûܶδаٷ֮ٵİա
Ȼ֣ͬܡ

ⷹûʼ̸վѼʱ۲ɵõĽСʱһСʱķֻöš
ʱְһ˵֣ûˣȵ˰ɡ

ʱ⿪Ų˵ʱۣ۱ȵ㡣

*

˲࣬ϲ˵ٶҲܿ죬ʱûôֺ͹ĵôϵӰѧԺ£ͷԷ
ųţͽоǿ
ָоܲ㱻ŵֲ

Ҳע⵽ʱ۵Ŀ⣬ʱۣ۱ȥʷԱ²衣
ʱ۸оڵķջԣûнţԼҲҪźȥ
ΪԷȥʱֺ͹ͻ˵ʱ䣺ãӾͻ
ĵģͷ˵ȥɡ

ʱ۳ȥԱתϴּ䡣
˽ǰӿյúܶʳͶ⣬˺ܶ࣬һ·϶ûһʳ͡

ʱ۲ȥϴּ䣬վϴּмˮؼĥĥϴҺϴ֣ͻȻһŵֲ֪ŵˣ

ʱһͷ֮վ
¸ӦҿϴּǷˡ

֮߹ˮͷ˹س֣ûˡ
ʱϻϴҺĭϽĭ߳ľʣ˵ʲô
֮˵ˡ
ʱۣ
ְ֪֣֮

ʱ۹˲ñˣֶδɣץס֮ߡ
һհͽ֮ƣ顱һţתͷץסǰ·ʣô֪ģ
ץסڣ̧ߣżֻץסǰ·

֮Ű׳ʱץʪˣ·Ҳʱץ壬ţᷴţģû֪
ʱ׷ʣô֪ģ

֮Ȼֻͣ˵ΪʲôһԷ֪㱻۸ˣ
ûƣܰʱֻܿվòôֱӰ顣
Ҳɢ

ʱͻȻ԰֮ɢʵ̬ŭʲô£
ƿ첲Ҫߡ
ȴûţ

֮ٴſͬʱְ̧˵ƣʱ۱ͻȻӺڰ۵Ĺ̵һüգۡ
Ҳ⵵ڣ֮޳ָȻ׶׼ȷؽֻ˳

ʱۣ
ֻ֮ĻһΣ㿪ͨѶ¼롣

ʲôëʱǰֻ
֮ԾԵϾֻ֣漴Żص

ҽֻˣ֮˵۸ˣֲڱеҡ
ʱۼֱԼʲôڹңѺңʲôë
֮˵ûëֻǶȫġ

ʱ۳⣬оޱ֮ǸʲôأȻ˵ȫģʲô˵⻰
֪֮ǸԵˣҲָ֮ͣҲɣɴóֻŰ֮棬ҵĺ룬ֱɾ

֮ʱɾĶͻȻü˵ǽߣס첲ٴδֻ롣
ʱҪˣҾ绰Ҳ绰

֮Ҳŭ첲˵ΣգⲻڿЦ
ʱ۱̧ȥΣҲûΣգſң

֮Ѿõ绰룬÷ſʱԽԽǼĪĻ
̧ϰǽϣ׿ݣܸܲ


˭أ

ƾʲô㻰ʱۺ
֮һƫ˵ҴӦƽڡ
ʱھ۸ƭңչˣ˭֪㰲ʲôģ

ʱԣ֮Σò᣺ԣʱۣΣգҺ룬ɾ

ʱ۲Ų˵ʲô˫ֱ֮ţû취ͻȻ뵽Сķ͵̧֮м߹ȥ
֮üͷȻ㿪

ʱȡƬʱ䣬תܣȥĿӡ

ӦҪȥϴּ䣬߹Ҫţû뵽ź󿴵ľȻһͨС
ٿСվŵ˾Ȼǰ֮֮·ţɫ죬ʣǣʱۣ

ʱͨ˲併£ͷʦá
˼ؿ֮֮ǡ

ʱ۲ԣŤͷҪߡ
ɰ֮ʱƫƫץסӣ˵׼ɾҺ룬

ƨ

ʱۼֱͷҪըˣ˵⻰ʵ̲סˣͷ˵ʦ鷳㿴ѣٹܱ˼¡
˵꣬ʱ˦֮ĸ첲ߡ

£ˣС

ʱΪѾʱ˵ӾͻȥĹվʱ۵ǰ
˰֮ʱһĻһ˲¶˳֣ѹÿɲ۱Էˡ
յĻ

ʱ۸ձ֮ҧгݣʱֱͷƤ顣
ͷ߹ȥƹţֱߵ¡

Ϳʱۺͳȥʱȫͬˣüʣôˣ
ʱҡͷûʲô

£޷ȥղİ֮ʱ۵ͻȻ˵۱
ʱ۷ǳϰ߱С۱ܱŤ豭̧ͷ

һһٵϲ㣬׷㡣
ʱ৵۾

ԤͻȻףɫ˲䷢Ȼ޴档

ͣ˵壬֪ʱ۵ĿҪͬʱҲ֪κˣģ۸˺ֻҲᡣԣʱߣ֣Ҳ壬ǰҾ֪ʱ۵ĸףȦܣҵΪˣҾʳԡ

˵ⷬʱ˫۽ͣûһ˿ƣϿҶᶨ





20.  20   1.5˸࣬ԡ

͸ղڰԹӲʩ, Ҳûã⻻ʱֱӸףȻ, Ͷִš׷
ͲĹ˵Ļźܶ˵Ļ, Ϊǰһӡ

ֱ˵ʱ۵ĸף;κ۸˺, ˭Ҽҹϵܵ㡣ǰʧأѾſ˵㲻۸˺Ϊ㣿
ļᶨֺ, Ҵڿʼ, ŵҾ͡

ʱѾȫӲ, Ӳס, µķ, ǡʱͻȻӲ죬˹˵ڵġԼ֡
ʱޱȸлʱĴϣֶһ, Ͻվȥš
˿ŷ쿪úС̽Դ⿴롪İ֮Ŀԡ

ʱ, 󷢡
֮ű裬ۿʱۣǫѷԣ˵ʦ, 衣

ʱ۲뿴˵ĸʦûʦ
˵Ҫš
֮Ьţûš

ʱüʲô
֮ͬʱʦǰ֮
ʱۣ
Ҫʲô

֮ԱţҲ֪֮Ҫʲô˵ʱͬѧʦ
ʱͻͻͻŰ֮ȥĴδ̫ࡢ̫ӣԥŲðִ֮ߴһ䣺ʱͬѧʦӡ

ͷʱֻôţӡ
֮ڳʱͣ룬̶͡

ʦ֮Ų裬ߵǰ˵Ҿ͹衣
֮Ҳϧˡˣϴμڰ佱ϣǴûʱʺãΪξ衣

Ͷţ˼š
Ͳ֪֮Ѿ֪ʱǸŮ£ͽǶ֮£ͬȦﲻĵڹضѡ
Լʱ֮ƺ֪ղŮʱΪʲôɫˣŮӦڸղųȥʱѾ֮

裿˳Ϊ۸ŮֳӣЦϴΰ佱ȵĶǾưɣ
ʹ˻һʱˡ

֮βǱͶһۣĹƵؿ
֮ü΢תߵſڣݳ豭ơ

ЦƵ˵һ𣿡

Ͳ֮Ѿ֪ʱ۵Ĺϵ֮Ϳ϶۸ʱۺܲˡ
̧֮ơӦԭϷҺʦжϷΪŮǴݣҲûʦ̣Ǹö

֮˵ˡơ󣬸ǰææ߹ǰȻ֪֮£֪֮궼ܺȾƵ¡ʵ̶֮Уÿι󶼻᲻

ǰ߽ЦźʹкȻȰ֮ʦȾˣҪʵڵúȣͺһˡ
֮ҪȵģϾȷʵ۸ʱۣƵҪȡ

֮ǰƳһ˵Ҫò
ǰ
ûأͶ

˾ƣΪ֮˳ȥ
֮վǰǫսȦˣȾơ

δȹƣƵȥʵǺɤ֮һȥ֮Ի˻
ǰԱ߿żҪǴˣڶȥӰ֮Ӳ߾ơ

ʱҲڿ֮
װ֮ôһΪʲô
ζһȥˣȾƣ˸࣬ԴҲ˸ң
ǰ֮꣬׸ˣ

֮θδͣ١
ŵڶ¡
ƱùҺδȵúܸɾ

ŵȰ֮ΪŮȻû̫֮ӣֻСһڲ˼˼ѡ
˿ڲ˵Цѣʦ档ʦƺȵôʹ죬ǻб£Ҫ𣿡

ǰøպ˾Ƶİ֮һϽ˵ȷʵҪʦⲻǰʦʱͬѧⲿϷ˱Ͻܵݲʹ죬Ҳ˵ӰѧԺƽڲ֪ʦͱϵԼڶйܺõĺԾϣʦԺ˵û

ǰ⻰˵û⣬ϽǺܶͶ϶ĴݡƱı֤ƽڵӰȦǳеλзȨƽϵ˲ʹ죬Ȧﶼ׳ͨС

Ȼ֮ѾԷƣͲΪ˵ǶˣϵڶСˣҲ˵ġ
˵˻֣˼ð֮߰ɣ֮ĿȻδﵽ˹

ǰ˵ӴιڰҲ̫˰ɣһĹˣ

ǰ˰̫֮꣬Ȼװ֮Ҫѣǰ͹ؿŹʣˣλʱͬѧǶʶˣλǣ

ôõĻ́ͷ䲻ȵ˵ãҲǵӰѧԺģҡ
δ˵֮꣬ƮƮϣ㡣

գĪڰ֮һ̣ͻȻýš
֮㡱֣ҧúأζ˵Ŀⶼһ㡱֣

֮ƹʱۣߵǰͷ˵ϴδʱͬѧڸ߼쭳ͬѧɣ

֮ᣬڰİڣֵͳľĺݾ
ղһֱֵôţڽѹȸͷųװ׵ر¶Ŀʵλ

侲̧ͷϴᣬʱ۵Ǹ

֮ҡͷԹ˵ǱʾͬȻ̧Ʒŵ˹ϣֱ𣬽Źһһٵؾ棺ͬѧȵǸ˳ԣҪշ𣿡

ʱ֪֮ΪʲôŽ
ǰ֮Ϊûָ߼ϵ£ҪԸ֣ȷ֪ܻ˺£ҲҪԾ

ǰ֮ΪʲôͻȻôУ
ѵ⹫֮绰Ƣˣ
ߺʦŮֲһ£

ܵ˰֮ʩϵѹʱʱ۵ĸײֳ϶޷֮ܰôţѾͷ԰֮֡
ʱʱ۸ǰֵֻܱƽллʦѣ´ע⡣

š֮ˡ
ɽţŹļͻȻ͵ҧ
ۣۣо֮ҪĹͷ顣

֮ŹļõúݣȻƵš
촽ڹ˵ٸҶʱۣԽ㡮ڡôд

μܣѪûκ¡
ʱһθо˵ɭֲ˵ŵƤ·׺ݵצºҲûκι˼ɣʲôɵó

곤ʮ꣬˵ԶԽƽˣƷԽѪ
һᵽ󼹷סӲ

ǰҪˣܸоͻȻĲˣϽȥ֮ԲЦ˵˵Ⱦˣ㿴ȵƾͿҪˡʲôʦʱ۰ǾͲǳԷ̸¶ˣˡ

֮ʵܴƶѣôҪ˷
ȷʵȾƻ᲻
ǰȾˮںȾܲ

֮ͷŸǰߣʱʱ֮Ȼͣ¡
ʱ۸оȫһӱľΧˡ





21.  21   1.6֮㡣

֮վʱ, ۿʱ۵ıӰ

ʱ۵ͷúܳˣź˳ָкܺõ, ȥĴбȲèëҪ
ǰǶëëС̷ȥżһԴ, ͷĴвã֣˸Сըë̷
û, 仯ܴ˳ҲȹӣС, Ѿ÷ϡŮ, ϵϿǸɰСŮ
Щ֮ǰδϸ, ˵, δϸ

ʱ۵ĳ˳żǰȥ, ̧ã֮Ŀֵö˾Ƶ𽥱, ϸϿտյ

ʱӵ͵ܳҽԺűӰϳķգȥ̳ѡġ
顢Ǻ, һ۱㿴ȥллΪ͸
СϲNɪ˵Լм, ʵǾ뷱Χмǿ̫

СĳζѣȴزǰǰΧתչ
Ҳûչԭ򣬺˵Ϊûмչܹ¶Ҳرл޵ʱ

֮żĳС﷢ůôǰվûסַ̧Զ࣬йȻȲèëҪ
У˵ʱͬѧ극ᣬҪ̫ã˵ġ

ȫ֪˼ʱ۶ʱŭˣ
влͺú˵ҪԴ
ʲô

֮ǰǰĪΪʵʱۿƲסѹڶܾõĻ磬Դ˦̧֣ͷ𣺡ʦȶ𣿡
֮΢΢ʱ̧ͷʱ˵úܽ
֮ؿʱˮ촽룬ֱ̩Ȼ֣üţ
ʱҧ˵ʦڣҺܰȫ

֮һؿ˼Ļֺֻǵؿ۾
ʱ۾ȷʵƯ涼Ź⡣
ҧСҲ˼ϻСè

֮Ȼݸƽ͵΢Цٷʦչˣô죿ڵΣô࣬类쭳Σգô죿
ʱ۱ûͷûԵĹŪúķڳķĮ˵ûѰôҲֲģ

ǰ
⡭ʱ˵úܶ԰ȷʵֲӰġ

*

ǰŰ֮صǵİᣬһѵĻ˵ʹ˻ȥ
ڰֳףְֻ˽ﲻţˣƣܽӵ

֮ȥ£ǰ֪θﲻúˮ
̧ͷ֮ɫ̫ãûûһȥ

֮ͷţЩδģ
źɫ΢ãһõĻһۡ

ձ̵ͷͺ˺һŵ˰֮ϵľζʣ겻ǲܺȾôȾˣ
תͷʸǰ磬ô°

ǰ֮ˮڸ֮ʢðѰ֮һأûӵ˾ܽĻ˵ǰ׸ȥһʱûźãʱ߶һֲϹġ

ǰֱڿĻأһ˻ȥ֡
һֺ󣬲ŷӦԼ˵ʲô⻰Ѿջˣֿ֮

ɫײԸ˵İ֮Ȼ̧ƽ²ӿӿܳ˵
ǰоԼһѵţҪѪˣæĿڨЦ˵ҿЦأʲô׸ȥʦģⲻŮǽԼƽǱе㲻ˣ߰ʲôʦæм˵û˼ҽ̫Ըղžʲôˡ

ǰоԼӦòԲˣεس֮ǣ֮Ƴһۣջߺ
ǷԱոնģȷʵ̣֮ᴵš
ᵭƮҶϲˣᴵ

ǸŮˣŲ³ղſܷʲôЦЦûټ⡣
յȰ֮ЩŵüƽʱЦһ⣺ˣղǻʱڴŵʱôôɰ
˵ţһߴ֮ı顣

֮˵ʱۡôɰƺ뵽ʱĹĵģĴЦ⡣
ղ׽˰֮Ǻ۵׵Ц⣬۾·ĳ޵ӰסȻ

֮ǰ£ǰܰ棬ʱССӣ͵ǺСãʱָʹȥóԵģͶߣһڶԡ߳Ա˵óԣҧŻ
ʱʮʱ֪ʶСҲܹһЩС֪ʶ̴֪Ժ󣬺֪ʶ۱ƵģžͰ͵ع
ܵˣʮӲ˵ܵʮӡ
ֱ̲סˣЦ˵һ䡰СѣˡŲٵȻʳԡ
Դ󣬾ʳԣһδóԵĻʱϲԵˡ
СﵽСȷʵ˼ܺ档

΢ЦЦ԰ҸղŻأ㵽ʲô£ŰôƯɰСʱ۸ģ

֮üҵЦȻȫʧ
ôôƯɰСģ
Ϊ͵Ĺϵ˸̫õľ
ҲȫֻΪ£б¡

̫С֮仰
֮̾Ů嶯ģŮ񡭡

ûʲô֮ϣҲû׷ΪҶԼ飬ĵѡ
شûҪ㣬ҲܷܣպЦһָ˵ȷʵǸȺȾƣһĸƢ

*

֮ûԶٶֻЩˮȷʵ̫
ûô˵ϣôֱͦЩɢתˮЩĲɵģǰͬһ仰˵ü飬лӦ

ٷտ֮ƺԲȰ˵֮ȥҽԺɡ
֮ɸǰŴϷ£ųȥ˵á

ǰקס·ü˵ȥҽԺ
֮òͣſڣת̾˿˵ҴӦ˲Ҫȥ
ֻֻèղ°ֱ֮˵֪Ӧʲô

ͣڰſڣƽպȻͣ෴ײţҡҡλεýţ˽ֲ£ûò

ǰ֮ȶˣûΪ˵ġֻֻèɫȻƽ
תߵİȥպʱҲ߳
ʱ۵ͷš
鲻̫ãû̧ͷ˫ֲ׶ɢĵţż̧øߣ߿ʯӶƵġ
ܲ³ʹʱǾǿŵģ˰òᡣ

֮嵭۵ͷʱۣɨĹջĿǰߣ翣ŵǰ֮ġ
գ
֪سŵû뵽سŵ̶ȡ

վ󲻹ֻ֮ʾǰ֮ߵý㡣
֮ž˺ܲûʲôƵġ

ǰڰ·ʱ˶ʱ̧ͷǰİ֮ıӰ
ǰڷŸĹӸƵģŰ֮ĸ첲ַڰ֮ĺϣ·֮ʱˤ

ǧôӲ˵ԼûʲôôСܲסƵأ˰ɣ

ʱƲͣղҲûð֮ƣǰ֮Լ߹ԼŷҪȵġ
ţ֮ӰƿҲǿ֣֮ûй뵣ģʲô

ʱֹЩʱǡ֮ʱͻȻͷʱ۵ġʲô񡱶ϡʱۿšᡱ֣ͬʱ˵šá֡

֮һ˲漴ָ糣ջߣǰߡ
ͬʱᵭ˲

ʱֱ˭д˫Ư۾۾ؿ֡
Ҳ˿Ļ֮㣬á





22.  22   1.7ݣ

Ϊ˸ºӡ, ӼͿʼһֱڿԼȵԼ
ֱٷѲ鷳, תϹͳ׳
ص, ѵԼļ򣬼򱻰֮Ѿϡ
ݣ
һ߷, һȭݺҵǽϣ첲ôһ֮ļҲŷۣۿ, ̲ˡתӺݺˤ, ѵһˡ

С׼ʲôľҪõ, δܶΪ׼ĳĳ, ȻһĶ, ĶκռУо԰ʱۡ
, ֮Ȼͺʱ۵вս

ᷢ˺ܾõķ裬ѻżڷ裬һĶϽˡǶ֪Ƣ粻, ˵ŭͱŭǲ𻹶㲻𣬶ԶԶġ
Լһᷢ赽, ҹɫڵĿƽ

ʱ۸׽˵࣬˼޷Ǿ˵׳嶯Ųʱദ
ڴϣõԼֱϻţԼԺΪʱۣҪƣҪ侲
ֱϻһӣѪ˳Ÿ첲Ѫ㡣ʹԼ

ϣ½һڴϣûʲô˿ᲨԼͺãûĴϷ
һҪӵʱۣʱĸԸס첲Щ棬Ҳܶʱ۰ĳ뵽뵽ʱۻһ
ͻȻüһƬֻ

淢ģпһԷ𣿡
һֱϲҲ׹ܶΣװ˼Ц
ΪʲôῴֱиСϻ첻ߵǿ׳ÿЦûùȻϲв

Уſ˵ʱϲ֮֮׵Ļ񷢺ݡ
ʱϲ֮ʱֻϲֻġ
Сֵı³ҲǿʳᣬҪĶҪȥȡûܸ

԰֮ʱھ£˽٣
治̫ףָķ棿
κη档
ܾδظٻϢǰСʱ󣺡֪ϲ㡣

Ĭ˼̸֪ܵõʲô
ЦȻܴá

ô棬ҲӦ֪ϲŮ
治㱿ѾϲʱˣϲŮ
˵Ļ˵ϲǸɾŮѾһᶪ
Ȼ⻰ǺѣʱۣϲˣʱѾ֮
ܶȤʱϵİٷ֮һ뵥ûС
Ҳ֪Ǵġ

ιȻ˹Ļܿ͸һƬǰ֮ʱǳϷֳƬ
Ƭǰ֮ԡɳϣʱɫԡȻϷ֮ǰ

ɫʱ࣬ϵƹ˫۶ŷҪĺ졣
ʱ۾ȻѾͰ֮Ϸ
ʱ۵ĳӦģκ˵ģ

۱壺Ƭҡ

ŬˣַܿܶƬ
ȫǰ֮ʱ۵ƬԼÿһŶǡ֮ѹʱۣǵ顣

*

ʱۺûϵû绰Ҳûȥ༶ϿΣԭΪŵģû뵽
ʱ۲ְֺ͹Ӧ˵ʲôûĵ׶˷ݷģϿΡ

磬ʱۺܳʳó극һߡ
¶ͣ12£Ī˳ѩѩԺ߰˶ȣһô㶼ů
ʱۺֹ̫ܳˣǼⷢ䣬ЬĽҲֻ·ٶԽԽ졣

ͬͬѧ񵤵Ӻ洫ʱ۳
ʱۺܳͬʱͣסͷԭضš

ܹ˵Һգ㶨˷ԷȻȥKͨȡʮһǰᣬҲ£Ҳˣҹգв
һģʱܳر죬ͦã˭飬Ҳ֣ܰͬѧһȥ棬༶ۻᰡ갡ɱЩӶġ

֪ܳѧУкܶϲʱ׷ʱأв񵤰æᣬ׷˵жȥ
񵤲صû˵æ˵ȥģֻŮ۰ŮټԼŮѣжʮ˰ɡ

ܳһŮʱ۶һۣͬð
ҲܺȺģֶŮһȥԷ裬ۻֿĵȻð

ˬӦˣػˡ

Ȳܿܳ¶϶Ҳͽ˰ɣ
ʱüԥ뵽Уſڹ⼤ŭ£ͷۡ

ܳ˵ˣһҲÿ̧ͷͷأһȥԷҲν۾Ͳ£ҪɵǰϹѱƱƣֱþƿҹȥרԹҡ
ʱЦˣҪѵģҪѧУֵġ

ܳһҲǣ˸ŶȥҾƿӣЩ
ʱЦòУܳѣܳҪɵ¶Ҳ̫ˣ̫ˣͬ
ܳװͬ飺Ҳ
Ȼʱۺܳͬʱֵøˡ

¥ǰ̨¸ţĿʱ۵ϲ
ʱ۽촩ŵͿѻİɫʱۿɰĶﱦܳʲôסЦţЦ߾ԳЦ۾Цβȥ
ʱ۱˳ģʮȻСԣ·úߣܳԱﵹбȥεֺǴ̫߲·̱رɰɰϵ֮ɢ

ʱ߽ܳᣬٿӰɢ˻
Ϣ棺Ͼŵ㣬

*@@ĭ

ϣչúˣһ༶ʮŮټϲ񵤵Ůͬѧһڶʮ˾һԷ
񵤻գܻܳϣ֮ĲĻͲϷЦ
֮һƽԱߵKTVᳪ裬ŮǶǵӰѧԺѧɤãҲһźϳף򶥳ҡ

ʱ۳úÿ̨ʹ׺ãҲƯһ㣬ǳܵ
ۻҶúʲô˼ûˣʱۺܿͱҸˣҶƺһչܵĸ

ʱˣսѧѵʱΪֹܵôЦͨ죬˶ϵҪõŮɳˣģҳˣҳ̫ˡң

ܳʱۣʱ۳ܵɴ˷ܹʱ§ʱ˵ǿ̫۸ˣҪ۱ǰɣǣҺ۱һ𳪣Ȼи۱
ⲻʱ۳𣬻ǳѸ߶ȵģܳؼʱ޷˵ˡ

ʱܳƴֵܳòУקʱۺһ𳪣ʱվʹ˼ĸȫЦ
ʱȣͨ죬Ŷ˺ٸܳһղźȵİ뱭ȥԱߺŽ¡
ŮѾʼǰֹ衣

ʱԱߺȿ֣ҲЦž;ԽԽȡ
뱭ֶʱۻǾúȣʮӣҲû⡣
ҲǣʮŮڰҲ඼ǴȰŴţյΪ¿ů磬ȷʵȣܶŮ˶һߡ

ܳͲǳ֣ͽû£Ҳǳţʱ۾ȫ˷£ûܳԼȥϴּ䡣
תĵƲͣţȣʱۻеͷΣûϴּ䣬Լųȥϴּ䡣

棬K֯ţ֣ʱͷȵģҲе
ʱ۴ϴּ˸ˣǽߣ嶼ЩšüԼǱ𣬻еѪˣ
ʱţ̧ͷǰ棬·ǽȻʼŤҲʼŤԴ͵һΣȻ޷ں֪Ծ

ʱۿӭһŤķ߹ææһ˲侯ðûкתͶֻҪ绰
Ƭ̵ԥҪ˭绰ڰ
ȻͨѶ¼ղ⿴֮λϴδģûɾ

ʱ¿ʦ֣Ҫ°ְֵĺ룬ͻȻоķֱ
ŵһӰһΣ۾˲ʧȥߣҪ챻סֻҲߡ

ʱ۱˸ʬһϽԱ߰ᣬ顱һű˦Źϡ
ҪɷϸСãҵҪܣȻҲûֱˤڵϡ




23.  23   1.8ѣ衭

, ǹ

ʱӵɳϣתĵơ
ʱ۱ɿҪժԴϵͷ֡
ղűסԴ, ߽ڰһƬޱȺ¡

ʱ֪˭, ߹ȥʱ۽ҿͷǰó׼õ˿ʱ˫ָס
ʱ, Ҳʱۣûкݺַֻ֣ϵס޷ѡ
Ȼ˺, ѵԼķ
洩źɫ, Ҳһѵ

֪ͻȻ˵ͷ, ڵϵʱ۵ֻͨ, ûĻ˭, ֱӳػӳȥ
ֻ֪ڿ֮ʱ۵Ļʼ, Ҫٹ˼κ£һҪҪʱۣҪʱֻ
ʱ۵ҩϵǻҹصеļ, Ϊ˽ռʱۡ

ҲܳҩҪܳʱ˶ͷεʱٰʱŪ, û뵽ʱԼȳˡ
ʡһ鷳ʱ۵ҩЧûãصţҩЧȫٿʼʱ۲Ų̫̫ۡ

ʱɪɳ𽥸оʱţûӾֻҵ侲ǿʶɳߣǽȥš
ͬʱ˳ķȡۡͿʣȫڲͣ巢飬Ҳ˫ֱһδεشǽվһδεˤڵأһδγվ

ʱһδβͣ𣬺žŷȥΪҩö΢ɤ
ҧԼ侲촽ѪѪˮˮ˳°»

ͷµʱĿֻţϲŮڷˤվͻȻһԺϲŮ¸ҵŮҪҲӼᶨ

ڣʱǼҩİ뱭ı֣ûˤڵϣҲ
ȥű𣬿ʱʱٴѹֿʼҵ
Ȼʱ۵Ѿ̫СĶѾûƮƮġ

ʱ۷ɳϣ⿪˫ֵ˿ͷü
̫˿ճӡӡ
Ϊʱȴٴ֣ûбŭ̬Ժӿ˳

ʱ۹ԹԵɳϣ﷢İƿֲļУֻޱȳȡ
ʱ۴ǿë£ëV죬ɫģΪʶVڱô󿪣¶Ƭ۵ļ淺˵ĺ졣

𽥱أӴչȥʱ۲ͷɢζ
ʱϵζܴ⣬ŮĸɾĹ㣬̰ŲⱲÿÿÿ붼׽

ͷµʱѪģδһ麰žŹں޼£Ҳں
ڿҪĲӣĲϣ־÷裬ʹȥ赲ָһɲöŻҪ£ϣֻǳجΣϣܾ߳جΡ

ʱˣ赲ĿʵСʪкҲǱһֻСһ¶ѡ
ñǼģӲĵǿҵҪúõضΰʱۣͬʱҲΧĻʧȥ˾

촽ʱģרעطʱ۵ĵһεļʪȵġûһ
Ź촽ʱ۵ֻͣһ롪ͷȻʶҪͷȥˣ޻֮Դݺײϣһƿѵһȥһҽ죬һƿ£ǵȫԴ£Ĳҽһһϡ

ƿڹԴѪžҺģͬʱҺ˿ϼۣҶҵʧ˴ϣʹҧȥˣȻָȥԷͰס֣ľƿֱݺѹȥҽ졣
ֺȫ˼챻һƿѹȥҽδ궸Ȼһֹͣҽеʧ

Ѿ˷裬ŸץŹͷϵ⡢һ˦ȥˤڵϣȫѪ
һһȫݺȥһҽвֹͷѣѪҺɣħһ˲ͣߴš

׸磬׸磬ˣǰⳡ澪ʧ˷Ӧȿ챻ʱŻˣϽȥˣ˰׸磡ʱۣ׸ȥʱۣˣˣȥʱ۰
֮ʱ۵֣˲𽥻ָǣתɱ̫ţһЩˤ
ǰæڰ֮ţ̱챻Ĺ

ڣ־嵽ʱ۸оԼģŵôʧȥ˶ԼһпƣֻھУͣؾУֽŶڲͣط˷ػ衣
ʲôûûûûĲҽŹȵֻʣͣһ˫˫ţͣ㡣

ʱۣʱۣ֮ժϵͷ֣üţɷ׵϶ۣ촽϶ѪͷͲʪˣۣ۾ﶼǾ֣·һ˲䱻˺ˣ۵òͣʱۣʱۣǰ֮ûˣѣ㿴ҡ
ʱ۶ԡ֮ûκηӦ·ûпҲû˵ǲϻӶ˫˫ţס찡ĺŻ

ʱۣ֮Ҫȥ촽ϵѪΪɣֲ̧¸۵ۿһʱۣǰ֮ˣûˣʱۣˣǰ֮
Ȼֺɶʱ޼£ʱԴھ֮УȥһƣһƣҲ̧ȥһһš

֮ûж㿪ߴۣ۵Ҫ
ס߲ͣػ֣ͣ˵ûˣʱ۵ļаȴʼδͣ
һ̣ͺЩѾˡ

ʱ۵Ҳָװ֮§һʱۣѣѣûˣǰ֮ˣѾûˡ
ʱһûֹͣУ۾ﶼǿ־壬ţţţ֮Žвʱ۶
ĸߵʱûᡣһδδʱûᡣʱΪŵʧǵʱۣ
£־壬һ£ʱ۾ʱҲѲ

ˣʱۣ֮ššţȥҽԺҴȥҽԺʱۣûˣȥҽԺ
ʱ޷Ӧ

֮ʱۣȥ׸ǵϣߡ
ʱ±֫Ӵøץͷָӻ˫źݵţ֮ر֣ڲСѣѣˣСһѣҡ
ڣ㣬Сѱ£ڡ

ʱۻҿ־硱ĸֵֺֹͣҲôͣľտڣͻȻ䣬ȫֹͣ

֮͵ͣסŲŮͻȻһİͺ񣬾ͺ񡭡֮롰֣־޴Ļſ֣ס԰ͷ
ڿʱ۵۽ëڲʱ򣬰֮סĺ³

ʱʶ죺硣
֮۵÷裬˵ڣڣ֭ڣСѲˣˡ

ʱŵڽϣ־۾Ҳ
ۡܺ£Դ￿ȥۣڰ˯ˡ

*

ˮζأ˸ܵȫеˮζ
ʱۻۣͷҺƿӣҺƿѾˡ

ţսﶼǹ⡣
ˣڶˡ

ˣʱ롣Ǳ˭ˣǵáôҲ֪

ʱ۱ۣٴνڰ
ڰ𽥼Լק˰ţ޹˲ϵؿ
淢ʲôȷʱ͵ץŵƤ

㡭۱𣿡һŮ˵
ʱۣȥһʮỊ̇ˮվߡ

ѽŮ˳˿ͷ˵ˣ˾ͺáǰ֮ҵıķأذ̾С֮;˵㣬ͻȻû˻Ầ£ʲʣûﲻ

ʱ֣֮۽޲˲ɳƿڣҰأ
ذûˣҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ȥʰ

ʱɤӺۣ˵һ仰󣬾۵˵˵ڶ䡣
û˵۾

ذϱ֮йģ֮˭Σֻչʱۣʱۻ·ֲ
ӵݳտ֮ʱŻˣ֮վȣͷңɫ԰׵òкüѪӣǱŮָӵģѪѾסɫģԵûѪɫˣ飬εʱˤǱ֮ˡ

Ҵܹסôˣ֮Ƕģ棬۱ϲѣ鷳һҪչ˺
ʣǣأҪȥİ

֮ľ˸ǰ˹ǰ֮ϵѪӶҪˣ⣬ôˣôˣɲܻ˲а̰

֮ûǰֻشذ˵ҲߣҾ
ȻǶġ




24.  24   1.9ʱ˵֮

ʱ, ۾δ˵
ذʱ۰ʲʶ, ûõӦذ̲ʱۿ˯, ųȥ

֮ǰվſ˵֮ͷǽһҹ䳤˺, ŵݶǲɣƣû˵Ǹǰ뾯˵
֮϶ѪҲѪ, һս

˵, ǻ
ǰ˵ллͬ־Ҳ鷳, ϳ, ָһû˯, ˡ
֣Ӧõġ

ذ̿δߣԥŸòùȥ֮Բ߹ע, ̿ȥ𣿡
֮һڣɤƵظðɤɳĮɳӣƵֶ

ǰö, һϣ֮һֱûۣȵš
֮ǰ, ϻ·ɻֲͣμҪϢԷģ£һһҹûԷ˯ˡ

ذ̰ѸղʱʱʵֵĻͰ֮˵ˡ
֮ʱѵģۣ˿ڳ
ʱѹˣףڿԷ»һġ
һڵʱǲô졣

ʱ״̬ԣ׼ȥܺ˽֮ס̧ͷŸǰ˵ȥڰܳйʱ۰ɣʱҪšóʱۣ˺֮ǰˣûзκ£ʱ۷ġ
ʱֻ˵һ仰û˵ģ֮ǵ÷ʲô˼롣

ţȥܳ
ǰһܳҲҩͽҽԺʱǻ״̬ʱ۲Աߡܳѵ磬ţǰӦһȥԱˡ

֮ٿλ죬鷳λʱ۸ԺٽȥɡûְţûаȫУҵʱܾţлл⡱
֮ΪʱۿǵܵҲ⣬δܺ˵

֮ûеһʱ֪ͨͣΪȷʱ֪ͺܰʱۣ͹ʱۻ˯ѣĺܾܿ͡
ȻʱѾ֪ͨˡ

֮ߵǰϵҪ͵ĵ绰롣
֮ƣǽδţڴǰӰٴαֱͦ
˶⺮ɪʵգ£Ҫѩˡ

ַ͵ĺ룬֮͵һкʱͨĺ룬Ǽּ󰴵ģޱңδɾĺ롣
ǰŵˣûмʱʱΣգʱ۵ĵ绰ǰϵŵѸٲʱ۵°ᣬʱ۱˺֮ǰϵ
ʱѾɾĺ룬һжˡҲˣ絽һЩʱܵ˺СһЩ

֮͵ĺ룬绰ͨ˵ʦãǰ֮

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ʱδ˯ֻǱ۾飬Ҳذ̳ȥ
˻űƿΪǡ۽ƫࡣ

Ů۱𣿡
ʱתͷ۾

ܳˣ滹
ܳʱѾˣĲҵؼӿܵߣ۱˰ôûĲ

ʱۿεĺѳǰۿ˲ˡ
ܳʱҪޣҲܣʱ۵ỹû˵ʱϱסʱۿˣҺ㰡۱

վܳҲʱۣʱûãţܳһޣʱҲſޣٿιȥǰܳ˺ˣˣ˰
ܳԽԽŭҲ谡ǸģȻô۸Ҽ۱ú

ܳôһŮȣקܳ侲һ¡
ܳקʱ۵ֿ֣Ƕú

ƽŵʱ۶ܳקˣһקܳһȥʱۣȷſʱۡ
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֮ʱΪϷ˲ٿ࣬Ӱ۲ǰģܰ
ڣ֮Ѿ˿20Сʱ

֮ʮһ꣬ͬҲȵԱŻ׿ݲȺϲꡣ
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İ֮ζ˵ˣʱ˯ˣҲˣԵ㶫ȥϢɡ
˵գͿ뿪

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ʱ̧ͷûгݣûϲֻƽ˵ңӦö˵һףʦҸ

֮ڴɲʧ
ӹļʹ





25.  25   1.10֮Դˡ

, еΣͽҲܵӦͷѧУѧ
а֮͸ǰ֤, ͽ磬˺ܶ, ûж˵ĶĿʵ˿Ⱥʱۺܳıҩֳ֤, Ѿ⵽ҩ

ȦʵŮԱĸҵҲеλҸĸϵҪŮȫˣȷʵ, Ʒ·, йϵڷɺ͹ǰá
οʱ۵ĸͲκ˲֡
Թٷͨ, ˶ܵӦеĳͷ

ٷϢ, СϢ
СϢƹǰ, ˾ͱĥò˭ĥģû֪
ͽڰҹʱȥҽԺҲĥò˭ĥ, 
˲زͬľ⣬˵;Ҳǻˡ
;٣줚[ϧ˭˵, ͲóеΣ
ᣬҲԼµģϴס
Ȼ, ЩСϢûȷ١

вСϢ֪ʱۣ˭Ϊʱʰˣ˵ȦشУΪʱȦشеŮ
ʱٻѧУϿΣûŮٸȥʱۡ˭ȦеŮԼû;ûδ

ҥԽԽԽֹ֣˵ʱѾδδ̽縻ҹӡ
ѧУҲûٸҶʱж뷨ģԼ˯ʱӱˡ

ʱۻѧУһֱƽ¡

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ʮµһ£һµʱ䣬ʱ۳ƣѾ˺ܶ࣬ʱЦҲˣ
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ʱۺܳǹŵĳԱεĻ¶ԺůĻо֮ȥĸ¶ԺǮ
һ¶ʮһ죬ſȥȺ¶Ժů
һϣȦҲƾʱǰմ֣滹ûã̫࣬û취ȥˡ

ҴȺ¶Ժһ޿ġʮǰһΡ񡱺ӣ񵽵һ̱ӡʱ֪ǻʲôǮȥβٺڴΧſڷֱ˺ӡտӵĴ·𽥿¶Ժ
ǵĴȺ¶ԺյĺӶǱģûһǽȫģù¶Ժһֱ浽ڡ
һ¶ʮһգǷһμ񵽺ӵһ졣ÿһ죬ǺǵĹͬագԺ͸ʿһΪǹ

ʱۺܳûںĳ⳵Ϲ
ͣ¶ԺſڣʱۺܳӺŵĳ⳵ȥһ棬°ᶫ
кܶ棬кܶ͸ǵ鱾ᡣ

ʱָһͰͣתߡ
ȻһнͰͣЦ˵ʱۣŮһЩİɡ
˵ŵ糤߱

ܳ˹ЦŴȤ糤ƫİϻŴأҲܳأôҰ
߱Ц˵׸ңͰͣ͡ס˰ɣ
ܳסͣţͷ˵ееġ

ܳлͱ߱˵˫ֱһͰͣߴ͵ı߱ѧ߰

ʱֿտյػͷƣһŮ˵һŶȻһٷһ޷ݸ
ʱԵܺãСúÿòŮǶչ
ʱЦил޷ߡ

ǹ¶Ժգ˵ӰѧԺĹϱ֯ԼͶ
¶Ժһ¥µضѷ˺ܶ棬ʱһų޷ѼñƤ׵ˣſڶţæ°ڷƷ޷䵽ϣմ˺ܶңҲ֪ûǿ˲⡣

ܳͱ߱߹ȥͶѷŵһܳ˿ᶫʱۻԶԱ߿һۣԱ߶ŵ˴޷Ƥף죬ʿ
ȷûܳײһ±߱Ц˵ѧ׷۱ذɣǲǣ

߱û˵ԱߴƤ׵仰ͻȻͣסŲƷĶνġѧǱ߿ȥ

һ߸ݵú˧ü͸
ͯǳСʱĹܶװʱǰʱ仹ڴӫĻʷӰݹҪɫǰ;
Ƥ׵ʶб߱ȦݱԶߵĶӡ

߱СȦܶǿųСݼȻɣ¡ǫ顢ѧ츳Ǳܶǰõĺ󱲡
Ƥ׵ˣܳеǼ֣ѧ׷۱˿µǻѹѹ˲Ļȡ

ֻܳ߱ЦЦǺʣʲôûаԼ۱ȥֳ̻ġ
ܳԱ߱⣬ֱ䣺ģҿȥҺ۱ʶġ㿴˺ãԸãҺ۱ʶÿ˶Ҳǿ佱û˵㲻õģҲû˼Ƣ۱ҲãôᣬҲ¡

ܳû˵꣬ԱߴƤ׵Ѿѣüͷšţţվߡ

ʱӭ߹һ񱱼ܵС
Сﴩ·ܺ񣬴ë׵ñӣë׵ף˫ŸӣӺܴ󣬵סߣһԴǰ·ߵҡҡλεġ

СŮͬѧһ֪Ůͬѧ˵ʲôСͻȻЦľЦú
磬ãСﱻε۾е۾䡣
С￪ЦģȻж춼ůˡ

Сӭ߹ԽԽƤ׵ͷųߡ
СЦÿֱӵԵʣûǰ棬±żסһӳƤײ˹ᣬԹȥ廹ǰ塣
ƤʶƿӣַͬʱСеǸˣоԼˣ͵˿˵úԶٺ

ܳʱЩײֿڴϽ
ʱ˿û̧ͷ

߱ҲʱۣȻŵʱۼϣ˫ۣ𣿡
ʱҡͷ˻˵ѧûµģһһͺˡ

֮Ŀ䵽߱ʱۼϵ֣䵽Ա߱ȫûеִʱ۵ϣ۽һ
ʱûƿ߱ʱ۶߱ûаִֵ־

Ƚȥɡ߱§ʱۼȥ¼ӡ
֮߱ʱòһллв˼ˡ
֮ԵͷӦˡ

ʱ۵ͷű߱ߣվڱ߱ߣȱ߱ӷ¡
һ£һȥŵı̧߱ͷ˵΢һߡ
ʱ۵ͷҲ£߱һ

ºʱ۾øղЩǸǸ˺Ҫͷ˵䡰Ǹллתͷ뿴Ǹ߶Զˣһʱͣס
δߣվſڣŵԭſվŵ˳ĸߣų޷δϵ洩Ǹë£ϣſ۾ñӡ
֮ǰĺվ˵Ϥȣ˲ϳ
֮

һ£ʱûڰ֮Ϣֻ֪СŮǲϷͣˣ˵ΪûҵŮǡ
żȥ⹫ҳԷʱ⹫ﻰҲ²۹֮˵ϰͱϵ˺ܶŮ֮ü˵У˵У˵̨ʲУ˵ݼУ޵úܡ
ϰͱϵʵڱûˣɴĿƳ٣ˡ

߱վ̧ʱë׵ñӣЦ˵ûãȥҳϢһ£
ʱۻعӰ֮ѼñƿĿ⣬ƹ滹ڰᶫͬѧǣվ˵ҺˣϢ̫ˣҺʹһɡ

ʱ۵Ʋһ£֪߱ʱ۶ǻִԾߵʱǰ棬Էʱײ
߱ǰ棬ʱں棬һǰһš

֮߱߳ȥ֮ʱۡ
ʱ֮ʱ򡪡֮Ȼʶ֣ʱ۵ĵִɣͻȻ͵Ļӿ֣֮ǰ˳ȥ
̧֣֮ڿС

ʱۣ߱׷ȥסʱ۵֣ôˣ
ʱ˵ֱҡͷ

֮Ŀ޷ӱ߱ʱ۵ƿ
߱ʱ۵֣ʱû˦߱Զߡ
Ȼ߱ŵʵʱ۴ŵëף֮Ȼ޷ƿĿ⡣

Ҳݡͣ¥֪ܳƤ˭վƤȷʣǰףףף
֮תͷܳ

̫ܳȷǷǰ֮ղʱۺƤ׼ֿ϶ֱֱ˾ǰ֮
Ӱۣܳʡ
֮š

ܳ
Բ۾Ȼǰ֮
ȻˣҲ̫ˡ
ʱ۳Ժһֱû֮֮ܳǳ⡣

֮ʱۺͱ߱Ǳ߿߱§ʱ۵ļͣȥ
ʱ۶Ա߱ûκų⣬ֻΣƺ

֮ջߣժףóֻ΢˵΢źŶ٣Ҽ΢š
ܳɣܰīժһҿǲǰӰۡ
֮һھܾܡ
ܳ
аɣ϶ҲǰӰˡ

ܳɻ󲻽Ƶرֻţѵ΢ľľ⣬΢ǡɶ˼
ܳʣǣҪҽɶɫ𣿡

ǣ֮һʱ۵΢ƬƸҡ
ܳ
֮Ҫʱ΢ţҪ
Ȼʱ֮ǰ֮Ҫ΢š֮Ǿܾ£ǡˮתˣ

У֮°΢Ǳߵı߱ʱۣʲôʱΪʲôִ
ܳװԣȣȣȿȡ

֮бӰǰݼ
ܳ
Բղ˵ˡ

֮˵ǿȫܳʮСӦԵġ

ܳʼʱ۳׷֮Ϊʱ֮֮֮־ʱۣܳλӰĴ渴ӵĸм
ӱӣֿۿģڰ֮ĵı£˵ͣ۱ɡѧ糤ѧ᳤ݵĶӡͣͻͦġ

֮ʱϲ
ǴԺҪɤֲֿУ

ܳ˫ֺʮ߾٣ˣҲ֪
˵ţַܳºʮ˫֣СʣǸʦզôŶǡԴ𣿡
֮š
ܳ





26.  26   1.11˶ڽ̨

ܳ𾪵ؿŰ֮, ˵
֮ǰ֮ôչʱֻۣǲ²֮ϲʱۡ²֮࣬뵽֮ʱʮ, ֲ̫ȷ
ڣ֮Ȼ׿ڳˣ

֮˺Ѻ, ֻŽ׶̧ͷܳ˹Ƶ۾

ţü
ܳУſڽ˵

֮ܳղʵĻ, ǡšһ
ûУ֮˵ûԴס

ܳ
ܳˡ

ǰӰͻȻҪ۱΢Ű㻹۱ѧ˰Ӱۣ
ܳ²ţ֪˳

Ҫ߿İ֮ͣ, Ϊܳʱۺѵԭ, ̬֮ܳûк
Ҳûлشܳһϵзʣܳͷ, ߿

ܳŰ֮߿ĸߴӰ, 𽥿ʼѺͬꡣ
Ҳʮ, ϶˵Ϊ͵˺񶼺Ѷ

*

ʱǰʱʳóԷ
μӻĴѧϵ, ҲصʱĳϳԶԵĶԼĺз̫࣬ǺͺһʳóԷһ鷳ʳ, ҲǮ

ȵǳ󣬴Ҳѳ극ʳȥǹա
ǶԹԵΧһȦ, ߵʳúܿ챻

տָ𣬴СһƳ衣
Ժ޺ŬĵظȫĹ¶ӪһǵĳɳÿӵЦܸɾ⡣

߱ŵ㵰֣ߵм䡣
Ǳ߱һǮģд˺ܶϣǿĿֵ

տ֡߱мͳš
ܳ˵ڱ߱ƬŻͼģ֮Ҫţϣܹø˿͸СǸѺůӵ

ʱԲܺнӴĿ־壬ûнӽȺվȺͳţףտ֡

֮һ¥ġ
Լ˳ģϻкܶණδ
ƹ£ΪϲűԼ˷İġ

ʳů֮ᶫҲó˺޷ϣߵȺվһᳪտ֡
ԴѼñīͿ֣˿ϲˣ¶ʳ棬ʵڽԲע⵽

ʱܳվһŮ֦֦ǰ֮ķ˿̧ۿ棬˶洩ɫëµˣ۾һӵԲ˺֮
֦§ʱ۸첲Сʣʱۣ㿴Ǹˣôоǰ֮

ʱڿм䴵ĺǣ֦Ļµ֮ҲȺС
û̧ͷֲ˵˵ǡ͡һȷĿ˵𣿡

ǰǰ֦첲˵̧ͷǣ㿴㲻Ҳǰ֮Ӱҿ
ʱӲͷƤ̧ͷָ֦ķȥ

֮ܵ͵վȺ棬˫ֲ嶵Դ΢΢ƫţķڴСǡ
֮ϲëºͰë£ܿͦΣһװ˶ĸ߸ӣʳߵǸҲʵһ

ʱۿŰ֮Դתش֦ʱСǵİ֮ԴȻתһ׼ȷ
֮īʱûк۾ϣʱȴظоһ˲˲ض֪ΪΣĪ͵ץĸо˲ͷ

ʱ۵ͷ󣬰֮δתĿ⣬ڿߡ
ʱʱۣڿڿ𣿡֦˷ܵҡʱ۸첲

ʱ۴ۣƴ𣬺Ȼסת֦֦Ҷۣȥϴּ䡣
֦ϸŰ֮Ű֮ǲǰ֮ʱҪȥϴּ䣬֣Уȥٿף

֦һסʱʶת˳֦߿ȥ
һ߰СкԲȦм󼷣һֱ˰֮ߡ
Ск˷ܵػĸ첲ͷڴ˵壬Ҵˣ𣿡
֮ͷСк̧Скͷ˵Сϣ˵˺ܶΣҪ壬и硣
Ск磡
ʱۣ
ôϲñ˽硣

֮ܵͣǱ߿ױ
ǶǱ߿ڶзֱ͵дԣЦǵӰʸе
ʱ˵֦Ҳ˵֦Уģ֦±æס졣
֦ľʵѾһЩ֦һûᡰ֣֮Ҳû¶ڡ

֦֮ƳһۣͷСϡ
Сûע˵Ŀ⣬רעͷʣ磬Ҵȥһֱڵˣ
֮ûٿ˵Скڻ˵ߣתߡ
СкͰ֮죬˫ֻס֮Ĳӣս֮˵Ļ̧֮

֦ʱ·ѣ㿴ǰףۼżżҺΪСкҲ뱧ӣҲ뱻أ
֦ϳ֮Ůϳ֮ˣͷ˵ղСкǲ˵ˡȥꡯȥˣԣǻд𣿡
֦Ůѽѽϱ߰ɻҪüСʱѽ

ʱûȥе۵Ķӣȥϴּ䡣

*

ǳտָͷֳ˵󣬽Ǵ˺ͺһ׽ԲϷ
׽ԲǩֳӣʳóǩӲأңԺߺӮĶ߽кŬغŬңʵӮн

ʱȥϴּ󣬾þûлصʳá
ղŶӲԵ޹ûɵģˡ

ʱڻۣһۣ𽥾ۣ۵Ҫֹʹҩĳ̶ȡ
ȥ¶ԺԱߵĳ֮Է۵ӰŻҩֹʹҩ⸽ûҩ꣬û򵽣ֻȻʳá

ʱۻصʳõʱʳһ˶ûУͬʱܳϢȥˣ˵׽Բأ鵽˺Ӳصǩ֣Ӻ忪ʼˣֻҪԺУԲر¥Բؽ
ʱ۲˿ܶص¥ˣûȥ¥¥ϡ

¥¥ݶһٶͼݣͼݽһˣһС̨ʱ۴˱ͯٿȫ飬Ͻ̨
̨±ߵĶܴе㲻Ͷ㵽£ͷ顣
СDKǼ١ԱɻȹܣĿ¼ʺ϶ͯҲԶһʱ۾ʹӵһ壬

ʱ䵽ʾ׽ԲϷʼܴʱ۸оԼĶӺƵģʹüͷ
óֻҪٷ΢ʳûֹʹҩʱͨѶ¼ϽǳСȦӺѡ

ʱ۵ȥǡ֭ͷǱ֭ԱУǣǩȦǿյģԴΪԷͨѷƬӡ
⣬Ӧǰ֮˰ɣ
ǰ֮ΪʲôѣǴĸѷƬӹģ
ʱ۵˼Ҫֹʹҩϣûͬ⣬Ҳûܾôб
湻̵ģǰ׷΢żӲϣڰ֮Ȼ΢ˡ

΢ʳֹʹҩ𣿡
أˣ
ʱۣTAT
ԲҲҪ˰ɣھ۵ʲô̶ˣ
ʱۣ
ãðһãҲһ
ʱڻûرۣ˵ҸУ۵ʲô̶ˣ
ҲǾ͵Ȼٿɣ׽Բ˵

ͼݽ洫ǱҵЦʱ۽ֻ˾£Լְ߱Ŷû˽
˻ûͼ顣

ʱ۷ڶȻʱȴƤЬŲͣס鶯š
֨ѽһƿˣʱס

ŲſڣһһƤЬ̤ڵذϣҽŵƵʽ໺һ¡
ߵ̨ʱŲͣס

ʱ촽׽Բ浽š
ۣϸţϣת߿

Ųûת߿
գգա
Ųͣǰվ

ʱۣĿһ˫ɫƤЬұ̫Ѩʼ
ϿǺɫ㣬ŵȺϸֱ
ʱûϿ´Ŀ»صƤЬϡ

̨ߣһңأҲӦСѲ棬ٰ֮Ϊ
֮ڴ⿴̨ʱӦСѲڽ̨棬ղͣ½ŲԥӦӦýСҳ
ʱۿ̨ŵŵĲ̧ͷʱۣĺ⡣

ʱϷű򿪵飬ƺѾ￴˺һӡ
ղ̧̧һ룬ֵͷ֮룬ӦѾ֪˭ˡ

ʱ۵ߣӲȾһ˿ҳƤЬϣתŲԼϣﷸֹôߡ
ܸо֮һֱڶ̫Ѩ߶

һ£˿ڣѯ𣿡
ʱۣ
⽲̨ôط㻹Ҫȥ

֮ԣҲòʱ׼ܾû̧ͷۿ˵˼
ллѾ
ʱۣ

̨طȷʵС֮ûпٶĵطͶȻĶ档
ʱ۵̫Ѩøˣ̧ͷװʶӣȥԱ߶ܴӴ̨￴㡣

һʱ۵һκ˵ô໰ģҲòҲôʱ۵һۿܹӳƯ۾ԼʱкµĹζġ
Щð֮뿪

֮վ뿪
ʱ˿

֮ߵߣϴ̶˻˵ǿˣ۵㡣
Ķţлл
ʱۣ
ˣ۵ҡ

ذϲɾӦǽ컹ûɨأܿһСҳ
֮ĺմϻһԿóϥ

ʱƤЬһʱ۵ѥʱۺȻ㡣
֮ĽţˣǸ

ʱ˵Բҵ⡣
ʱʵܲϲԼӦԶкŨĵ⣬ÿһζܿƵģʶΪѾϰڶԷǸٶԶԷ˵˸֡
˸֣һ˵˺ܶΡ
ѧУʳ·ϡңйֵ̳ӰԺ¥ĵԷĲ״·ûȴӦúԶ۸

֮ʱ۵һ䡰Բҵ⡱ͲµӦ˵ܶ飬Ż˵졣
۵ĸоļɢ۵Ŀںͺ

ûϵԲ𡣡
֮۵˵

ʱû˵֮Ҳû˵
ͼݽֻܰԷǳĺ

ʱѾԽԽϲѹסԼķ˵û£ɵɡ
֮ᡰšһ

ʱ̧ͷ˵û¡
ֻ֮÷Ҳʼɢ

֮ӸߣȺϸ˵ӦòڷȴӣЩУЩɢ
Ƶ̧۾
üۣ΢촽ʶһһؿš

ʱ̧ͷ˵㿴ʲô֮ƶǶ䵽ϡ
ڿʲô飿ʡ

ʱû˵ķ泯

ϴҽԺ˵ĺϲˣҲףա
̬֮ƽ͵룬ʮʱʶ磬͵ûǶദ䣬ֻǰ֮ټֻ΢ҳˢǶѡ
ھͽǸͨİĴ

֮Ǻ˵ӣٴ˺󣺡ţ֪ˣҲ㣬㿴ɡ
ʱۣ
ϴһ𣬾Ѿڹˡ

ʱװʶǰˣκνͷ顣





27.  27   1.12ֻҵġ

֮ܰ, ˵Ҳʱۡ
ʱ飬ܿͫʴתұ, б߿߱ϰߣһֺ, ̵ֳĽë涯´˼Ƭ, ټ

ʱС濴ģñҵİ֮ڿϿŮͬĸо
ʱڶ, ֮ʱʮ¡
ѧʱûй̶ͬ, ϿζǺͬһ
Ǿ˵ɣǸͿ߿ʱ, ˼ûڿα, ǰʱͬϡ

, Сϵһ壬֮ͻȻʧЦЦ, ΪԼѾʮΡ
һЦʱü̧ͷǵƵɣ˵, ʲôЦģ

֮ЦСǸ
ʱ۵ͷ顣

֮е㲻ϰ߲˵İʱ, ʱ֮ǰǸ룬ƽƽһ׷뵽Ȥ
֮ؿʱ۰ؿ顣

ʱ۸оԽԽۣԴעԽڶϣԽܸоСӵۡ
ʱʶ촽ʿˮĽַСϰš

ۣ֮ǰŲߣʱ۵ŮƢð˳̧ͷòͬʱڲסλȥĵط׽Բ𣿡
ַ֮£ע⵽ŵüӵĶ֣ʣ㲻𣿡

ʱۣ϶˵ʵˣŲ֣䣺ûвģвϰߡ
֮֮⣬ȥ
ŵ˴ŵ

ַ֮£󿿣ֵ̾ʳָʶţ˵ʱۣϷɡ
ʱҧס촽С⣬ķ顣

ϵһֱҲŮǣ֮ĵؽͷɵԭ򣬡ϵΪʺⲿϷŮǵԱֻ㣬Ŷӣ磬ӰΪ
˶٣̹֮ϵؼһ䣺ҲΪ
ʱۣ
⹫˵ĺģ⹫˵Ǳϵ˺ܶŮǣ֮һֱޣϵ֮òᡣ

ʱ벻ף֮ΪʲôȥϷ˼⡣
ʱҧ룬̧ͷī֣˶ȵôöժī֣ѼñƤһ㶼û¶
ʱ۽Ǹû취ϷӴ˻ȥװɵʣţë𣿡ëⲿϷѡǵë껡
֮
û뵽ʱۻӳһ仰

֮ͣ룬Ȼ̧°ǿī¶۾
ȷ۾ܿ϶ī´ϣɿ졣

ʱۣ
֮ºʹ۾ٶ̫죬ʲôĽͷףû̫

ʱ˵ʲôо鲻Ǻܺá
ʲô飬벻

֮Ȼɤسãǰ֮
ͺԷʳһ䡰λԱ˼š
ҲһҽܣڱʾҪʶ

ʱɿ촽ǿ⣬ͷԾµ̬ȻӦʦ緽Ļ緽ϵҾˡ
ұ䡣

֮޷ʱ۶̬ϵĮ˻ʣô˪˪ͬˣģ𣿡
ǡʱ˵

֮ü𣺡þϵ㾭ˣֻҵһڣ𣿡
ʱۣš

ͼһƬ
úֺң֪˭ˡ

ʱۻ֮࣬ԣڻʱ۹ԡ
ʱ۵ͷ飬ԣƺŵһDKͯٿҪǰǰ֮ÿ

֮ſڴİҡ
Сһ̨֮ܲһʱۣӭȥ

Ǹ߰СŮСһͰ֮Ϥ°֮īҲ֪СŮϲѽ壡
֮߹ȥͬʱи硣

磬ҽа֣㻹ǵ𣬡СŮĿڣȻҪ֮󿴣Ҫȥ̨ʣ磬ҵӵ𣿡
֮СŮСŮȥʱۣǣСŮߣ᣺Ҽǵ㰡ϲ޻ǵС֣ûкӵˣȥĵطҰɡ

ʣǣΪʲôѽ
˵ţֻȥ̨濴һۡ

֮ס֣ͬʱҳڿ裬ЦΪŮ
֣
ʱۣ

֮ʧЦģҲǸսһ۶ѣ߰ɡ
ŶãʧڴǣŰ׸ߣȥ¥ңǱкö࡭

ͼҵŹϣ
ղűϵİػذ

ʱûٿ飬ؿŵذϵһľǩ
ľǩһɫһɫˮʱʻˡ

ӦǴӰ֮㶵ܳģǰ֮µġľǩ
Ҳ˵֮ѹͲӦòĺӷӦ˵ӡ

ôã

ˣ˵ġ㲻֪˶ܻ˵
ƭӰѻƭӰôˡ
ˣԺҪסμġ

*

ʱۺܳ۵Ĳòˡ
׽ԲϷȥұ߱˵岻̫Ȼؼҡ

߱ʱ۵ɫЩףܳ˻࿿ţվöֱܵӡ
е㻳Եĺз⣬ʳжߣȥҽԺ
ܳæקס⵹á
߱ͷʲô
ܳΣǸǸؼҾˡ

߱ʱۺܳ˶ͷ˼ģź֪˵Ĳʲô˼
˵˾䡰˼ȻȻ֣ҲǰɣҳůȵÿһЩҲмȵ棬ڻǲҪ䵽ĺá
ʱ۾̫鷳ˣ̧ͷ˵ѧ߻ûҪ
߱˵û£糤Ҳܰźá
߱룬˵ǲҪ룬ǻŮҪؼңҲһҪ͵ġ

߱ʱǺѧÿ˶ǵ壬߱żҲԼΪСԵڡ
ʱۺֲֻܳ߱ˡ

һ߱ĳ߱ʿΪŮӿţܳϳ漴ʱۡ
ʱϳ󣬱߱һ䣺ʦزμӴƻؼֻڣҪȥС̼𣬻ȥңߣȥҼң

ʱα߱ԭģΪ߱ΪݱԶĶӣǿű߱ģα߱
ΪŮѧУİȫԱ߱˵ʱ۵ĸŮϵñ߱æѧУչһЩʱۡ
ʱְ֪α߱Ҳα߱
ιΣȥǲõġ

Һܳʱչ˵ԣ۱ҼһҼҰɣóԵġ
ʱˣܳ˵УǾȥҡ
̧ͷԱ߱Ц˵鷳ѧǻسҰɣллѧ

߱ϲʱ۵ЦʶԴЦ˵ʲô
ȻʿΪϳţԼȥǰ濪

ͣԱߵ¥ߣëºİ֮վ˫ֲ嶵ѹͳű߱ʱ۵ܻ

һֱаŸǰæʱۣʱۣ˽ʱ۵״̬
ԼΪʱ۳˻ٵı仯ûøǰʱ۵¡޾ϸظÿֻʸǰʱ۽в𡱣ǰشûСͷˡ

ֻһ¶ѣʱ۾ͱ仯ô
Ա߱Σεñ߱ͷ͸첲εôȻĶԱ߱΢Ц

ԼִܵСִܵԺ˵ִܵٺϷ

ʱĳ뿪ʧ֮ժһֱŵī֡
ϣӳ
ʱӵİ̺ۣҲ¶˳

Ѫܵ˿ڴĽ裬ٵ裬³ɫЩȷɫǳЩֱȷɫ
ǳǳİ̺ۣʱµġ

ǣʵͬʱҲҪԷǰǳҩ̡
ϵİ̺һᵭʧ

ʱˣӦԶʧɡ





28.  28   1.13ͬһ¡

ʱۺܳǰֹʹƬ, Һ󵹴˯
ϣа̸˺ܶóԵģ˯Ѻ, ۵ĸˣһٻԺȡ
е, ݼ˯ʱϰ˵࣬˶, Щ˸һƬɳϣͶӰֱһ, ˰Լ趼źúúõġ

ֱеⳡ췽ůơ
ůǰʼ½ƾ, вҵѡůǮƣΪůоȫ͸, ֮ůڴƷԽԽк, Խṫڵͨůơ

ůƵķ, һֱдǽ
Ͱ֮ͬͬѧѣϵܲ, Ҳͬһʱֻ֮ǵӰȦĵӾȦ
һδůƷˣĵůƵĹ˾֮ϵů⡱롰, þǽůƵķˡȦãּƵ˾Ľķ˿رࡣ

ⳡúܴ, Ǿ裬˿Ҳ裬ֱֳͶƱ裬ҵҲھ衣
ʱۺܳҲɨЩȻȤؿĿ

ĿѾܾãߺ̺Ļڶߺ̺ǴɫװĽֳ˲ߴ˶ȡ
ŷǳʺϡżһȫܣƬַǳǫѷ͵ûֳκˣŮԵȴţϷҲǾҵҵκδɱԽǿ佱ȫ涼رϸİż

ܳĴȺͿ˵ǲǺĹϷھͷǰһһůƴʼˣҲ̫˰ɡ
ʱﲻӣŽѾ̺ĵůѽѾ̺˵ʹҰֽǲůϰ壬ҰҲ˵Ұ˵ͷǰȷʵһǺͼͥйأʱȥ̽࣬˶رãӲڼӣȺݶܺ

ܳпǺͰ֮ȫ෴
˵ܳԼôᵽ֮ء

ʱνģ̧۵Լʲô
ܳ˭ˣ

ܳһֱ԰֮ͥͦƵģʣˣ֪֮ʲôĲôҲûأ

ܳʵʼرʱΪʲôϲ֮ʹʱۣʱ۵ʱԭô˵ġ֮ررã㲻˽˽˾֪ˣررá
ԺͰݼڣȻ˽֮ôˣҲ֧ʱۡ

ڣʱȴҲûά֮ģˣĻƽ˵֮ûмˣͽĲͬɡʵ룬֮Ըͦȱݵġ
ܳ
⣬֪ô˵ˡ

ܳƹһⲻˣ߿ֱֻˢ΢ˢˢ˷΢˵֮ˣ̧ܳͷĻȻ֮

ߺ̺İ֮촩ĺӢɫװͷͣǺ۵İֵܷ
֮Ŵ󲽣ߵúܿ죬ߺ̺ģǼҴҵصֳҴҵظҪ뿪

ܳתͷʱۣʱ۳ƬĻڳ˧ӰȻûʲôرӦĿǳƽղʱۿҳʱҲĿ⡣
ܳʱҲװֻʲôİҲ̫ƽ쳣ˡ

ܳİ֮ƮƮ˵֮Ӧǲμ¶ԺϷɻȥ·ɻּææ͸ϵֳİɣ
ʱ۾գתͷ¶ԺܳƬҧ֨죬ʶ֮ܳ͵΢ƬܳСͽ

ʱֱͷ֮ߺ̺⣬һλᡰСҲߺ̺
СбСãһԱԴܺõСӰѧԺҵûôĹӾ磬ĵĶǵӰȻӰﶼǣÿӰƱʮڣʵݼһ㡣
ԴԴ׸籡һ仰鱡ǷǳлȨеλʱܣԱСñҵȦڣкܶԱڰͽᱡСãͱϹϵ

д˵֮ͱСûµӰ
ıǾʮ߻ɰ滭磬·߷񡣰֮λƱʵӰۼˣټ黳йصıµƬӣѾԤƱڱ˫ա

ڣӰ۰֮Ŵǰ棬Сǣȹں漱ææСܸţ߰һǷ˺һֻĳС̣ͦ˼Լʣ֮ûҪͱϵ˼ȫûչ˱СãȫûСӡ

Ӱ֮ͱСóڣĻһֱڳܡ

֮ͲܵȵȱС𣿡
֮ȱСãҪ˵⳴CPȺͲȶǴ

ڵһŮͱ˵ɣ֮еˡ
˵ֲ֣˭֪֮ôƢ

˵ʵ˲չŮˣǸֱУ̵͡
ǱӺðɣ

Ŷԣأû𣿡
԰԰أ

ǵıܷôֿûһߣ
ѵջڼ̥ˣ

Ļųžͱˢգܶ˿Ͷ̸֪֪֮ѾС
ܳתͷʱۣջˣļٵģ
ʱ۸֨֨Ƭǰɡ
ԲۣܳˣʶͷԵԭջˣǰ֮ģɾܾ㣿
ɣʱѾ뻨˼ȥˣŽѾ˵ǰ֮˵ѻǸƭӣ˭֪ء
ȥ²ȥˣ޹ء

ܳĶԲۺøӰ۱ĸ·̺ÿͰ֮ʹĪ̸ѡ

֮ǩֺ󣬿첽ߵǰȳӵ֮ƺҲͦ䳡ЦˣЦ˵ʦãǹѶһ⣬ϣشһ¡
̬֮ºͣʡҲ

ɲʵİʵġЦţǰѹ˦ǣȻЦʣʰʦôûѽ
Ļ˿Զ֮һ𣬾˶ڹ٩
ͬʱ֮üЦʲôЦ

ܳе֮Ҫʼ̱ˣĪص֮شʱۺȻ˵ȥҺȵģˡ
ʱзӦˣ

ܳæקסʱ۵֣˷̧ͷʣ۱ղǲǻϲ
ʱȴĺƽûжյֱֳκδͲģʧЦ˵ʲôѽĳԿˡ

ܳ׷ʣģ
ʱµͷǰ

ܳʱ˵仰ʱûͷƽ֮ϣͬʱĻҲۣ֮Ĩ𣿡
Ӱ۾Ȼ÷۵ףʦ
÷۵׺ɣһ÷۵׾˵ŮԻ͸˰
ǰλû˵֮ŮԻɣû˸ӰɣϹʲôࣿӪŰ

ͷڰ֮ϣ֮㿪ͷ
֮ȦʲôĶ裬ʱ˹⹫ţ֮ûţЦֱԣֻմ绰ֱ

ɫΣֳҲεС
ֱʦʱҲæͷŲƵıСϡ

ʱҲ˰֮ĻشͷĻûٿֻ֮Сȹӿ첽š
ʱչ̥Բϯڰ֮ô϶ڱˡ

ѽʱЦ£ЦûЦ۾ǿ֣ܳҪʲôҸҲһƿ
ֻܳ÷֣ɣɶҺɶ
ʵϣʱЦʱЦܽ۾ʱ۲ϲ֮ˣﶼûкÿĹˣеʱ۰֮Ϊ֮Ŭʱÿ춼ֹۻлЦеĳϣ

ֱͷٴƵ֮ϣǽԶ
˴ҲмЧָ꣬ץŰ֮ţʦߵ̫ˣǵȵȱСùһ䡮ⲿӰ
òǧģıСã߹ˣȹڣеؿ˰֮һۣ֮˵ǰʦңǰʦȷʵ¡
Сһۣ˶ож԰֮Ľ

˲죺ʦһб𣿡
֮û˵СҪҪ绰ʲôʦȥæɣҺ䡣
СúеŮǲһʲô˵ʲôֱˬǧ𣬲ԣԣܶ˿ǿԿɷþ·תۣûΪ֮ĵذæΧĻֿʼˢСúÿɰĻ

֮Ĳòɣ˾͸Ͻ˳ð֮æ֮³
֮ܺġҪ绰⾵ͷȻһֱ׷Ų֮̋

֮£̨δֳӹ˵ݹȥֻվֱ࣬롣
ֲ֮嶵ֻڶֳ࣬ƹźĹ⣬һĲӰ־ֳ

Ļڲ²⣺⣬֮ѵǸմ绰
֮Ѹոսӵ˹յʲôϢ
Բ⾵ͷе

ܳҲŲ²⣬ѵ֮ڸմ绰ǰ֮ĸоϲʱѽ
ţɳϵʱ۵ֻˣܳƳһۣȻ󾪵ô󺰣ҵ谡۱֮绰ˣڸ绰Ӱ





29.   29   1.14ҵǸҪ

ܳߺű̧ͷĻ, Ļֻ֮ڶߣĿġ

ʱƿˮ߹, ͬʱܳĽֻһ⣺ʲôѽ
ֻܳݸ˵֮ղżææ, ˵Ҫļ£Ȼڵļ£Ǹ绰ҵ裡

ʱˮ, Ϣеһʱûܽܵˡ
ֻĻʾ֣֮ͬʱ̧ͷֱĻϴɫװİ֮վֻŶš

ʱ泯ֱĻվ, ƽι
֮ھһ䣺õ𣿡

ʱۿĻ, ͬʱ֮ܿһһϡ
ľȵˣеǿ, ʣ㲻ڳϯ𣿡

, ֮Ľ, ֮ǰһֱڸг̣ڸտճʱ䣬, ڵġ
ʱ죬˵
ĵԴģȥϷ

ʱĻڷ֣ˢյ֡
ʱŵͻ, ҲˣҺܺãлл

֮üͷܿĻϷСɽ
ܿ, ֮ĲͱúͣҲ᣺ţ˾ͺá

ʱۿĻϰ֮͵֮Щ£µ죬˵
֮˵Ļͨ绰ʲô⡣

˵ţ⼸콵½ѩ㻹Ҫȥμ¶ԺĻഩһЩЬҲЬСˤЩ¶ԺĻã幩ů¶ϲȥ

ֱ֮ĲӰĵĵӰ桢绰Ůѵģ΢΢ͷƤЬ޵ʲô
ͲٻﶼǶĹģŮѡ

ʱüǴ绰Ҳգʱۡ
䲻ͷΣ˵ԼֺҪҵ绰

ǰʱѣʶͷһֱİ֮
첽ߵ֮̧֮ͷɨһۣĿ¶á
漴ת뿪ͷܲ׽ᶯ

ʱͲ֮ͬʱ˵Һû̸¹ϵڸ绰Ǹա
ʱۣ
˵ʲô˵û̸ˣ
ƭӵĻһ䣿һ䶼š

ֳͷδͣڰ֮ϣĻϰ֮Ӱʧ
ʱ۲֪֮ʲôĿģҲ˷˼ȥˡ
ûӰ֮Ǿ仰㻹ʲô𣿡

֮Ǳ˺ܶ࣬ĵͳɤд͸شͬһº롣

ʱԴһᣬؿܳ
ܳҲ⣬ͬԴʱۡ

ʱԴţɳϻ˵ϣڵϷ
ʱ۵Ľ˵ֳֻ̺۰׵Ĵĸֺʶضȥ

Ϊ֮롱ֲ⣬С˵֮ҪļҪ죬ڣ֮绰΢źѣҪ£
򵥣ֱ֮Ŀġ

˼û壬ʱһ飬ղ˵ʲô
֮ȸղŸЩظͬһ΢ŵĺ롣
ʱۣ

ʵп֮һһεĺ룬һο΢ŵʱѾߴκ롣
ͨĺ룬˳Ҳؾ£ѾȷȥˣûǸ롣
顭ʱװ֮ڴ绰ʲô˼ˣĨ룬յĿĻȥϷ

ʱ˼˻ٵװɵҷŶãһ
֮ȴֱӲ̾ͱ˴ֽǷ𣬹˵绰Ҳͬ⣬𣿡
ʱ̹ϣš

绰˵˶û˵
ʱƽʱˮһᣬ԰̹֮ʱˮ˱Ϊ˿Թ˵

ʱ߱ܰҲᣬƵġ
֮Ǳ߱ӣǱʲôˡ

֮ģͬ⣬ǲκϵ𣿡
ʱۣš䲻ȥϷ֮Ļ

һ󰲾
ҹԵҹɫԵɫ԰ףԵûи¶ȡ

ڣ֮Ǳٴγѹĵ˵һ΢ţҽ㡣
ʱ֮ȻҪҽʲô
֮ͣڹ¶Ժ㣬Իҽԡʶһܲҽܰﵽ㡣

ʱ䲻ҽ飬һʱò׼ǲǸ⣬û֨˼

֮ţҽ̶ֻܹΪͬһһûкԵЧͽչǿԳԻһԵġ

ʱʵһЩѾԺһݵĳ̶ȣֻҪûӴС
һ棬Ҳȷʵεļ˺ͱ߱ȻԵĽӴĵִ
֮飬ȷʵе볢Իһҽ뷨ˡ

ʱ̧ͷְֱֳֳߺ̺˼תϣòܾ˵õģҪҽҰ߻ᰲţллʦĹġ
֮ܿ˵Բ㸸֪
ͻȻ䣬ʱĪвӿü㲻˵Ӧðκ鶼𣿡

֮û뵽ʱۻԼ˵ĻͲĺأεһ̾ʱ۵Ķ䣬̾Ϣôô޶ʱİ
ʱ䣺˼æҲȥæɣټ

˵ʹӶֻͲ޵ش֮͵ġҲ֡ûֱ꣬ӹҶϵ绰
ʱ۵ᣬŭú˵µ绰šü
ҲΪ֮֡ûô룬Ϊ֮ôĳоĪͻȻĳҪҽ

ʱԴһתͻȻˡ
Ϊȥ㣬Ϊеִû취ĶϷϣκòȻȥϷ

ʱŭð΢Ÿ˪˪˪˪㣬СŮǲϷ֮Ͷռʲô𣿡
˪˪ƾˣȦ¶˽⣬ʱ۽ظúܿ϶ǰôˣ

Ȼʱñ첲֮Ϊ棬

ܳʱۺˣϽʱšˮƿǣˮ׷ʣôôˣǰ֮Ҫ΢ں̺ϼææżҪ£ôˣ
ʱ۽ӹˮ͵Ƭǲǣ

ܳٺٸЦˮ¶ֻŰΪʲôҪ΢Ƭ
ʱۺˮ˸ã˵΢ֻѲ΢š
ֲܳء

ʱ۲˵úؿֱ
һְڳˣںһŶһߺ̺
ĺᣬӢ治һͶʮŮ
ûȰִ֮꣬ûй֮ĻƢգǳŵ͵ᡣ֮ᶼǼٵģ͸űĿġ

֮˵Ҫҽҽʱۿֵ˧ܳ˸ղŰ֮ͨ绰
ܳƣΪʲôӦ֪ҽɡ
ʱ˵˵һҽòĻ黻һҰ֡
ܳʣ⡭Ҫһ𣿡

̨ϲǩ֣Ӹߣֿǩһš
ǩ֣ϱʸǣ˫ֽС㣬

ʱۼƬ֨֨˵ҰֻҰ֡
ˣֵġ

ܳʱΪ֮ģ˼ʱô᲻Ϊʱܾܻ֮ûл
ܳλ˼룬ϲ࣬ڹ׷ֱԴ;ܾ϶ҲҪˣһܻͲˣ˵¡

ܳôţֻһ𶯡
Ϊ΢ţֻǰ֮
ϢϽǺ3Ϣ

֮һϢҸʱƼһλҽûܡҪ鷳λҽܸҽӯҽģԤԼΪ159XXXX0159־ͿԡҽǻعҽѯרҵƷҲܻ׽ܣ߾ͿҩΪ߿ǡ

֮ܳһϢֱΪ֮ôֶԾǰӰ۰Ǹ̺Ӱ۰

֮ĵڶϢѯĶλַ
ŵϢлл㣬鷳չʱˡ

ܳ
ʱǺѣ϶Ҫչʱ۵ģλӰ˵⼸仰ɶ

һ£ܳͻȻؿ棬Ŀⶨλӯϡ
ԲۣܳסȻ󾪺

ʱ۴չƬܳͣʣô
ܳʶסĻԼΪʲôĻȻʱۿ֮ܵҽСӯ

ʱס

ӯ֮ǰҶûӵĵ绰Ļʾ֣óæˡ
Ů37꣬δ飬ͬѧ

ʱ̧ͷֱֳڲɷ֡
Ц˵ʦҪʵҲʵģԼʵŶ
΢Ц˵
ʣҶ֪ʦЩһֱڵ͵Ϸûйκţȥʦͨ΢Ҳʦ΢ۣҶܹĵʦĸ״̬ʦŮܽ𣿡
˵ֶ꣬žͷϹǰǸЦ˵ʣʡ

ʱ۶ؿ֣ھͷǰûзֺãʿ΢Цţ˵лλѹģĿǰûн㣬ллλġ

ʱ﷢˿ĸԴϣϵš
˵ǡĿǰ
֮ǰܲɷã˵Ķǡһߣ顱

ʱҲһֱڵְֺӯ֣һ£ֻûк

ʱ۶ܳ˵ѺͶλңȥ
ܳʣȥ𣿡
ʱָšӯ˵





30.  30   1.15

ʱڽ, 绰Լӯ
ûб֣֮Է˽󣬾ͺº͵˵ϵʱ, Ҫŵº
º͵ƺӯˣűϰ֮, ˵ǰ֮ѣȻԷ֣ܿ绰ظ, ûпգпվʱȥ

ʱװĸƵģñī֣һϳ⳵ȥ
ûܳȥ, Ϊܳ, ΪԷӯͨǱ֪֣ܳġܳ֡

һʮʱ, ⳵Ҳ쵽ʼѯ, ʱ۴ŵĶ, ûӰóֻ˭ֱӰ˽绰Ǳ˵ѯ
ˣ

ʱۣ
ʹŵġ˶ġ, ʶ
֮

ʱۺȻͬĺˣֻظֱӺԻ

ʱĵԼƵαװȫûˣĥ, ʣģ
֮ش𣺡ſڡ

˵䣬⳵Ѿʼѯſڣʱ̧ͷ, վſڵĸ߸ӷˡ
ҲαװĸƵģñ۾ȫװԼϣдšǸĸ֡

ʱۿ³ͷԼĺɫ޷ϲԼƹ˲Ŀбӵߡ
Ҫ̨ʱʱ߶šϲϲͬʱ̨ϺЦƮĲӦܳ𣿡

֮Ȼ٩
ʱ۽һͣŤͷߡ

̨֮ףƤЬ̨׷ײĽڼӿ죬֮첽ߵǰס
ʱ˫ֲ嶵ͷż⡣

֮ϥƽǸǸղſĵЦҵǸҪţ
ᣬյᣬ˺ζ

ʱ۶ǰ֮е⣬ǳ졪ȻΪȥϷϣ

֮Ŀ̫ǿˣʱ۸оܷǳԼĽż⣬û̧ͷ
֮ǰСȻͷ᣺䣬Ƚȥɡ

ʱҲ䣬û̧ͷתȥ

ȥʱûΪ֮æԼӯº˵ллò⣬֮ܰƷôҪòģͷ˵ллԼҽ
֮ڰһλ͵İ̳ſſڵĵû˵

֮촩ǳ£ëΧΧﰢ̳źʱϰ΢΢ḩʿòģͺֱ̺ʱȱСõǸ߰˺ܲһˡ

ˣ֮ûյ̨ĳϦԼ𣿲ȥ𣿾Ȼп

ʱ۵Ȱ֮߹ȻͷƵģСʣ˫˸𣿡
֮
û뵽ʱ۵Դ֮ʧЦҰﰢ̿ţҾ˫˸ˣ

нӴʱ۵֣ʱ۱֣ܳǰָȥӯңʱͷؿ֮
֮ڴɳʱۣʱ۲ͣͷеǰͷлҪ˵

ʱԥȻʣϣҾκòҾؾϷǰɣ
֮ûЦֻгĬĬؿʱۡ

˶īԷ۾ʱܸо֮ϵת䣬Ӹղŵķɵڱò졣
֮˵ͳеǣֻϣ㾡쿵˶ѡ

ʱ۾͸ˣΪʲô˵Ѱɣ

֮·֪ʱʲôԵͳͣҵĿȰ˵ؾϷңԺ󲻻¡

ʱӦʵĿԣ͸ˡ
ֻصղŵ⣺û˫˸𣿡
֮

ʮ˸񣬡֮λʮһˣǱʮСˣƹˤ̧°˵뿴ĸ˸˵һҸ䡣
ʱۣŶ

ʱ۷Ͱ֮һϷˣҲˣֹšô˵ʮ˸ұֻ񿴿ءȻӯ칫ҡ
û߻

֮СЦˣصɳóֻ̧⿴ֻˡ
ͷôˣ

ʱߵǰСҲܳ˵ҽʱ𣿡
ԭΪ£֮˵û˵ֻ˵ѡ

ʱ˿ֽʣ֪ô˵ҷʲô𣿡
֮ʱ۵Ľ۵ףָϥ˵ֻ˵еִû˵ģô𣿡

ʱ۳׷ˣͷ˵ллȻҴܿ
ʱ۵һлл࣬Ҳĳл֮һ£ĿתؿӰ
ֱŽȥӰʧ֮ջĿ⣬䵽ǰ΢ŵҳϣⰴҲѾͳȥ

֮㿪ʱ۵һллСഺ
ָʶŲţղء

ǰܿ췢΢ţʲôĸС
֮ʱ۵ģ׼⴫

ǰ
һллѣôƵĲ׼⴫˭ϡ

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ʱ߽ӯѯңҷ䲻û֮ǰȥѯҿµĴɳֻҽԺҽ칫Сӣɨһۻ£֮Ŀȫۼӯ۾ϡ
ӯſ֣ӯܿӯһ˫Ư۾ε˫ƤƯһ˫۾
֪ӯĳģӯڰĵƬӯǸˡ

ӯ˵ᣬ̧ۿŮվſڲ˵𣿹ɣýš
ʱߵӯǰ£ûժ۾֣شӯ

ӯû˵ʱժ۾ֵĻ˽⣬һ£һ룬ȻʲôĵģԺġҽб˽ҲҵĻʿѧ˵飬԰ٷ֮ٷҡ

ӯÿһ仰˵ĺᣬ̫ˣڴϣ˵Ϊϱӣ˵
ʱۺȻޡ

ֱʼ˵֮ǰļٹ£ѿ˻ȥԽ˵ٻӯԽ˹Ϊ״
ˡ
ܶµûţµѾһһεޡ

*

ʱ̸аСʱ֮һֱ˫ֲ嶵ͷ
֮׼̲ݸӭȥݸ

ʱ˫ֽӹ̲裬ͬʱָƿ֣ܵͣлл
֮ʱ۹֣̲ܿ豭½סһ˲

ʱ۽ӹ̲ûкȣֻ̲裬ֱȵ̲豭ȡůһ
֮޷ע⵽ʱ۵ĲģϥʣԷʲô
ʱҡͷƵģˣлл
֮飺ҳԷ
ʱ৵̧ͷ

֮ʱ۾ܾĻ᣺ҺŷѺͰСʱѯҸġ
ʱۣ
˺ˡ

һ㣬ʱ۰̲ŵϣóֻ׼΢תˣһ٣
֮ʱ۵ֻĻͬĺ롣

ʱָҳϣӦ֮ӼƣûмӺѣҵǰ΢ţ׼תǰ
֮ǿС޿κΣĿǸ᣺¿˼ҺܺóԵĻ꣬СֶûʱҳԣҸӣҳһٻɣòã

ʱԴĵһʺžǡΪʲôԻأ
漴뵽ջвܳ

ǰָڵ绰˵ղ¹ϵ
֮ǰϹںϲգջˡ
˵ľ仰ģ

ղ˵ǹģȥϷ
ʱԴȫʺźʣ뵽ڹ¶ԺͼƭҪһ¡ڻѻ

˼ȥʱ۾ð֮϶ΪҪȥŮǡ
ˣڽ£ȷʵҪлл֮ҲҪѯЩͷ˵߰ɣ㡣

֮˳һ͵ıۣߵʻλøʱۿţʱһ˺λڷһ
֮ϳȥӾʱۻûժīзģʣҳǣ
ʱŴ˵ǵֻʮ꣬ô
֮
ʱݵ׷һ䣺ǣܻô󣬻ô󡣶˰ʦʮ˰ɣ
ʮİ֮δ

*

֮û˵ʱҲ˰
ů֪ǳ¶ůǰ֮ůʱ۽α˯ˡ

ʱۣ
֪˶ãʱۺȻһѣ֮վڳ⣬ųſ

ʱ۾ֱԽ֮ϳķӺҡ
ôˣ

Ҹմػ֮񣬽˵һûιèӣ𣿡
ʱè֣ƨеŲˣè

֮ע⵽èȤţҪ𣿡
룺

ʱ۵ƨصλϣҡͷ˵ˡ
֮˼㻹ҡ
϶һһٵ˵

ʱҲ㣬ĻովͲ˯ˡ

֮۾㲻ң𣿡

һΣʱ˵
ȷʵҵȥҡ




31.  31   1.16ôˣ

֮ʱ۵ů¶, СҲã뿪
ʱƫͷ֮ıӰ֪Ϊ˿һص, żСèι󲽴Ҵߵúܿ졣

Ȼʶ֮, ֪һ
ǰִΪ֮رãررãһвõ涼αװǼٵ, ЩΪûϳֶģժ˶˾
ڲʶ֮ˡ

֮򿪼źժī֣Ь, ˶, ЦŶ¥Ͻţ
ûкڶʱһֻСèͻȻ¥ϳ, ı

֮߹ȥ, Դ, ò񻰣𣿡
˵ȫĶ, ͷŰ֮Ľź֣šӲ䣬βһҡһҡģͬʱﲻϷ๾ࡱ, ֹˣȻǷǳ롣

֮ЦűŲë, Դϵϻ䣬ŲţСȲŰ֮ĸ첲Ϲʹս֮һ
λöǰ̵֮λã·֪ˡ

˺ˣְֻˣûԹͷ𣿡
֮Цһְ֣Ų¥ȥķ䡣

ǰ֮ǰϷʱ񵽵Сè
֮ռ񵽲ʱû£úСݣǰ֮˲

ǹġźͳëɫֲȣƷ಻̫ãԲǴӢ̣ǺԺèǲֵǮԭ򣬱˸ˡ
֮Ҳûмˡ
ǰֻ֮èԼһֱϸţĵضԲΡ
ι̷ۣ̲èɰչ˲

ǰ֮ļﻹɾһȾġûϢ
񣬰֮ҿظʽèץèܣɢŲϲĸʽСֽͳԲͲǲߣҲԼķ䡣

֮䣬Ѳŵϣͣ๾ࡱţŤţԴ˱ʾ
֮ЦѣȻ¹ͷ¶ɡ

֮һķɻصǣ֮ȥʼѯҵʱۡ
ʱ۵ĹУֻأèѾʣ޼ˮҲûˡΪٽ꣬ذ̷˼٣û˸ˮ

ʱۻڳţ֮ܿ죬Ҩͷŵè๾س߳Ի߻ͷ֮Ƶġ
֮ڵϣ˻ëԴ˵ְֻҪȥԼڼ棬ְֳ극Сѻؼңͻ㡣

֮˵Сѡʱ򣬲Ķ䶯˶ƺֺϤͷԲԲ۾ְ֡
ͻȻ֮ҷܹȥܻ߻ͷ֮û
֮ʧЦظ

ȻܵҴͷͷϵһС
ʱ͸巿ӡ
巿ûؼҺ󣬾һֱͷ
յĵһݡҡ

֮ЦˣǣСѡԺлİɣС档

֮èɺˮת¥ȥʱ߲ۡûأͻȻͲˣŸϰ֮
Сͺ֮ڼҵʱ򣬲϶߲һԶľתתȥ˯ߣҪߡ
˵ӦòǵñĸоͺǼǵõģҲ±˿˸óԷʱ򣬶뿪ֱ֮֮ȥèԱߣŻԷûмˣвҲûмˣ

֮ͷתתȥﲻͣ๾࣬˵ǲʲô
ȻЬϵһëԶȥûܹȥ׷ͷͰ͵ؿ

֮̾һֻüŲΧתȦȲʼ漤ʵʱȥ
ţڷźС

*

֮ʱȥƬ¿Ļ꣬ҵͱ˽һҲΪǵȹܱ֤ĵ˽

֮ʱȽᣬʱߣ˳
ĵƹܰһԲᣬͷʰ֮ԿǮ𣿡

֮ЦЦò˵Ϊţⲻ㲻𣬸ѡ
ʱ۸о֮ںֹһ䡰һǧԸ˽ȥ

֪֮ǲΪģѡ£˾ס
ʱ̧ͷôԶ׳Ĺ𣿡
֮˵ÿһС
ʱۣԼС

ʱܾ˵ĲԾҿȻʶһֱûпȦָָī֣㲻ժ𣿡
֮Ƴ۷ԱȻ

ʱװ֮ǰͷɿһһˣȷԱȥ󣬰Ĺ߳װ֮ժī֣ˮ
ʱڰ֮⣬ͷƹƫѿҲڵɫ

ʱűӣʶضҪǸʲôˡ
֮еһֱǻոʱ۵ˮı̧ߣʣ˧𣿡
ʱۣ
ںЦԴһŽ
Ҫǰ϶ҪЦѷһ䣺Һÿ𣿡
Īͷۡ

ȥŪǰСʳԣʱʪëֺһ׺ͷŰʹױŰվ˵ʲôϲԵ𣿡
֮ͷתˮˮӳϵǳ̣רע汭̧ͷƵģ˵˾䣺ˡ

ʱĿ룬ȻŶһתȥ
ǰʶҲˣϰûб䡣

ʱڹСʳеúŻذʱ䡣
żͷһ۷ԱʱŵĲƷ²ǲǸȥģϣһٽʱ򣬲ƷѾȫרעԷͿˡ

ʳСӣʱ۷ٶȣƤĥĥһ˿

С𣿡
ʱ˺˿Ȼӯ

Ҳ֪ΪʲôûתȥѸٶ
кܶʳƷӣİ״̣ס

˻ʮ
鷳Ÿ߰İᣬлл

ʱ𽥱סȣϥϣƴСԼĴڸС
ȵĽŲǱȥʱ۸оԼȫ䣬վ

˺ܾãֱԱѯôˣվ˫ŷߡ
ŵݣݾþòתȫͨǱߣӿտյһ̨ף߻Ķӯֵ

ڼӯ֮ǰӯƬpģӯܲÿֺӯֻͬѧִûӯ
Ǽӯ֮ӯ۾ƯӯᣬܸоӯǸܺúˡ
ѾȫȷֺӯڽС

뵽ʱ۵ܵô˫ҲûڲܿƵص

֮˺ܾʱۣûȵ
ֱСʱŸ˵ĸо
ڰţʱ۵˽⣬ʱӦò᲻к롭Ҳһ֮һտյλ붨صš
ڵ£ܵȺܾúܾá

ֱԱŽ˵һԷ˺̫Ծ͵ܳȥ
˳ŷԱָİȫͨǱܣһ߸ʱ۴绰
ƿȫͨŵʱ¥ֻ

ֻ֮˽Ųһһ̨ȥС
ǰһСĿѹֵۡ

ȥһ㣬С̨ϣ޵üһһġ
̧ͷ۴صúʵ͸磬ûзѩν
Ȼ䣬Сڷ޵һ󷢶
û˵վ

ʱԼֻҲĽŲûͷ͵ͷš
ĶʶĽŲ֪ǰ֮
߽֮ȫͨĿֻ
ʱûзŭͷΪ֪һ޵ԽԽ

֮۾Ŀһһһ£ۡ
޵̫޵ã޵ԣһȫۡ

ڣ֮ʱ˹ǰôˣ

ͺһ˲صǰһվܾúܾã֮߹׵ǰСѣôˣ





32.  32   1.17ҧһڡ

ǰ, Сѣôˣ
ôˣ

ʱĻ, ޵øˡ
ŮӿޣʼֻΪһ, ģֻΪһ¿ޣֻһй, ܵܡơۣſţί, ѹ, ʼգֻʣͣĿ, Ķղȥ, Ӳ

ʱ۵һſŽӶ, Ϊĸ޵øʱֻĸһʹѾʧȥĸ, Ůѣ˺֮ʶ۸һһ, С

֮ʱǰϹţ촽ſ, ֱϣ֪Ӻκ֪Ϊʲôޡ
ߴˣСĿֹ޴롣

ʱ۸ɾϲʪۣҡͷĶ˽ࡣҲԼҪޣҧ촽϶ӡ
Сҧ촽ϵҧۺ֪ۣȴڰ֮ۼ

֮Ŀ޲ߣ·Ĩȥϵᣬȭջȥӳſ޵òѵŮʹࡣ
ⱲֻʱһŮϴκ֪ĸ֪Ϊʲôޣ޴ֺ

ʱ۲ͣҡͷͣᣬ޵Լĸ첲ͣĶ
СģĿð֮۾䡢ﶼʹ뱧ססңһͷһִ

֮̿Сﲻסķףݳȥѯʵɫܸ

ʱۿ޵ɤӺһ³ҭ޷Ӧ
̨֮ϣűСʮŮطߣ̤Խ׳أֱȷʱûҡͷܾ·ȥ

ɾ·ʱʱʱ۵ķӦܴӿ֣֮㣬Լһš
֮·˦ϣֽڿУһ֧䴩ѪҺĿʼʧûѪ䡣

ʱ۵ķӦԼɿص䣬ֱӦ԰֮ĵִǸ˫ֲͣĨǸԲҵ⡣
ǸĻʶظ˸֣ͣǸԲҵ⡣

֮ջ֣˺̨ףᣬϵ·ûչ˺㡣
ʱ߸֣ҧס촽˵

ȫͨտҳ𣬺Ǻǣʱڷ
߽֮̾˰ɣǻذ᣿

ʱ۲ذᣬΪȼײֺӯ
ʱҡͷһ³ҭţ촽ҧӡҧѪ

һǿСӡ

֮ûкֶŮŮЩСŮദܾǰʹѧѽֶŮദҲʮСദ
ʱСѾһһЭ
ڣҲһ
οƯСӣ¾ǿЭħ

ȥģ㡣֮Э˵
ʱȻҡͷ

֮ͷ·˼üͷںԼϾ

ڱڰȫͨ޵ʱۿʼһֱںԼϾ
ϾĽܻҪչвòᡣ

֮˵ɣҴȥһů͵ĵط
ʱ̧ͷɿ촽һ֣ģ
֮ĵط

*

֮ʱĵطڱǽһȼٷ˽˱Էδ
ʱǵһΨһһ
ԼϾĽԼܻر¶Դů

ȼٷĲ¥¥иⷿ컨ȫ͸ڵ޼ɵ
ɹ̫¹⣬ʵĵط
Щԭǰ֮˽⣬ڶʱۡ

ⷿﶫһǽ׿ֲʻ˱ǣּ仨԰
мɫĺӾأ峺ҫӰԱǱյůΡ

֮ѵ׷ŵһϣڣʽȥ
׷ң˯һɡ

ʱվӾرм䣬ͷ̫ۣձ⿾ó
ۣ̫֮ɹðǣһ߲

֮վһĮ̇棬ˮ죬ϴ֮֡ת򿪺İɫ䣬ӱ䶳óһɫӣ֪ʲôæµ
ʱۿˣٱһɹķʲô뷨˸Ƿ׸ǵϣɵִһǷˣ˯ˡ

Ǻڰķ棬ѹֵڹ类ɱһɢʱ˯нƽҲ𽥱ȳʪɹ糺졣

֮䶳ӣǼﰢ̰ģϺзڣûˣ۲˲Ҷ㣬ζرϲԵģ䶳ֻһζԷʱ۲ϲ˷棬˷ţţһ볤ùȥ

˰ɣԡ֮ʻغʧ
ʱ˯óϵ׵ϣŵĳŤɢǰ¶Բ꣬ϸûʲô⣬һ¶ļۣԼͬʱڵӳϵһؼ͸Ѫɫķۡ
ҧһڡ

̷ŵߵԲϣ֮Ჽʱ£ϥϣǰ㣬
մӸղʱķףʱȵ÷ۺ죬ϸʪ˶޽ǵ鷢̵۽һգգ˯óͫתУǼҲС飬ҧӡ촽ָԱ

ڣҲ֪ʱΪʲôޡ
Ǵӯѯҳʼ쳣Ǻӯ̫õļ

۵Сﰡ
ǰʼǸ޹һδԿķߣԾչġ
ڣȻǸ޹˸۵Ķ̲סֻصǰչġ

֪䣬Ŀ˺޳ϣҲ˺Ө͸ϵĶźһһѪҺӰƤӭ۵͸ϸۡ
ǴαϵĵϷǰ

ͷȫȥͷĿⲶ׽СٵĲ޳ͬҧӡ
Ϸʱֻ촽ģûԽ磬ܸо촽СҲ㣬Ī硪ڴ֮ǰϷǽλ

ϷʱԸǿƣΪܹܾǡ
ŮˣСŮˡ
ԳǴڴϵǣһϷʵǡ

ʮһĳǣδ˵ᱻЦ
Ǵεһʵᵽˡբ֡
촽˱ǣʧ˿أС촽̫̫á
֮ǰӲ֪ǵ
ǿբһһεػ룬һΡ

ǰ˯еʱۣ֮ǵļӿǻ֭𽥱ȡ
һΣ͵
Ӧòı̬뷨ԼʱòԺвƣȥĽһյǣһǵ飬òϡ

֮Σ
һ̴Ƿˣ˯𪡢ʪСͻȻҲƷһ

ԽԽܸܵõĺŵϵŮ㣬ǰֻŴסۣ촽

һȻ֮촽ͣϷۣʱ۵ɴ۾
ղһ磬ʱ۾ʱëȹġ

ʱĿɿڴ֮Ȼֹ
һİ

ۣ֮µشϷ뿪
ͻȻʱ̧ȹ֮û㣬ۡ

Ȼʱ۵¸ȷʵץס죬ק˻ȥ
֮ʼδק˫Ѹסס壬쿴

ʱ۸ʱ۾ûȫۼֻоһӰϷ۾ڿǰֱ֮ڸʲôҪ
ʶҪɵͬʱ֮ɵˡ

ʱĿתؿŰ֮ڹǼ·һοϵİ̺ۡ

һİ̺ɫǳһĿġ
ϵģͷϵģ°ϵģӢϱ鲼һ
ԭһֱīֲժԭ

˾ʱ۽Щ̿У۽޲ϲ
û˸߹ôۼ

֮ʶʲôͫһˡ
ʱ۵ֻץ죬һνק˻ȥţ֣

֮Žߵʱ۵۾񱻶סһܶ
ʱָʶġϵۡ
Ϸ⣬һŮʪģģġ

ʱ۾գضŰ֮˳ġһۼƤɫǳϸϸǱָڵϸ⣬һϸĿӡ
ͷһƤĺۼۼƤʱһ룬ָ׾ͻ˵۾
ָģ죬˷ʱӵġº˵ǹŪģɹô˵ʱֻ

֮ʱ۵ӿϵΣѿ
ƫתԲ˵˵Ūġ
ʱվ׷ȥҿ

֮ü첲ʲô
ʱ۵ﶼż͵ģΪʲôҰңңкõ̸Ըѽ
֮
Ҳû뵽ʱ۵ĵĻôʵڣ뵽̸࣬ѵ᲻ã

֮뿴ʱΪ˶ǸΣûͷԾӲ˵˲㡣
ͷʱס
ҧ촽̧ͷҧ촽죬ɿңѵǹ𣿡
·֮һν˵

֮ͷĿյҧŴ;ǿĿ⡣

ǰʮŮص㣬ͣ嶯ԸŮģɰľѣĴԼǿִš
͡嶯ԸԶģŮģɰľѣ޷ӵģĴ۵ġ
ǿ޼ƿʩʰ·硣

֮ʱ۾ǿ˫ۣƬ̺ƿĿ⣬ۡ
Ŀ⣬תɶ޿κεЭᡣ

ڣ֮ʳָգЦǰŪģ̲ԺǧŮͷųУ˰ɣ

ҧ촽ʱۣ۾һգӿʪ
ҪˣĿҪ
֮ţࣺ׼ޣ@@ĭ
Ҳ͸޿κεķ

ʱ۱ס
֮յü˲תΪ᣺ʲôúŮ֮Ķӡе𣿹Щʧˡ

ʱ۵ͷסᣬסǸ⣬˵Բ𣬶Բ𡣡
ǰҪӪҵʧҪð

˵ʲôԲֲӰҹϷ֮Բӵ˵
ͬʱС㻹𣿡

֮Ķͣס
ŮӵĲ񻰣ָůƤůġ
úӵ뻳

ʱҲôʹ۵۲ۡ
ûм˵ֻһֱ





33.  33   1.18Ӧܵġ

ʱڹ۲ۡ
ܾúܾúܾ֮ǰ, һ۲ۡ
ûУÿһ϶ȫʹ
Եδһ, ʮС⣬۲۵ʱ, Ľ׵Сá
棬ģЦ, ʱһξãиá
Ҳ˵Ҫ͸һҡ

һļҡ
ٺ, ˡ

֮û˵
һƬ
úСѾ뿪

֮üͷ, ʱȻվԭλվǰ
ʹͷ, ǻҪޡ
Ǹ޹
ô, ûߡ
һ˲ĵķŻ, ֮ü˰ɣҸ˽ӣ棬ţ, Ե㶫

ʱۺ̧ͷ֮üлᣬ֮ת˲ʧĿ⡣
õĽӴӵж, ŵϣ۲ˣ۲𣿡

ʱȻĳֲ²⣬ѿڶں̸𣿡

, ܾǼٵģȻΪʲôһһζĹģҲ벻ס
ϵỊ̇ҲûиܾԼʲô

ʱͷһʳĵ׵ʣ֮Ļ𣬺𣿡
֮Ĭܿߵش𣺡£ҺܱǸ

֮ȥ꣬˫ӷֿǲӣȻԷɡ
㣬Цģ

ʱۿԲϵķˣƮкζ
̧ͷ۾˫ǳٴʧ

ᡣ
ֻᡣ

ʱʣղҪΪں̸ϲңֲϲ𣿡

֮˫ָϳαĬ
ĬڽϾγϣֻǽϾηϡ
Ĭʹʱ侲ֹʱڡ
úһЦԼղźԵ£ƫͷղˣǲǶҲٵִ

ϲ𣿡ʱ۴
֮ٿȻտڡ

Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôһ˲뷨ʵΪ
ղʱȷʵ֮ܽҪ
ڣ̸֮ܶϵỊ̇ΪԷ

ⷿȻһůⷿձѹֵͳࡣ
ס⣬סůٽӰ
֮˿ڣ룬ɫʱۣˣֻУչѡ

ʱ۱۾ͷһ̾Ϣ
ûҪûҪ׷ûҪϲ
ˡ
飬

ǡʱֻ֮𣬽˴ʱ˿̵Ρ
ʾǱϽܣҪرܣֱ֮ӽ𣬷ڶߣָᲦӣӦϵ

˭֪Ͻܵĺ͸˰֮ĶĤҲĴʱ۵Ķ䡪
֮ҵŮûаҲҾıƬȥˣҿɵȲ𰡣ץģ

ʱ۵˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ﴽ̧Ц
оѣлЦǿɰģȴ˿ϷС

֮šü˱ϵǱߵĺУҶϵ绰

ʱЦţЦ˴ǣЦüۣŶԭһУΪŮǰӰۣĵĿԣôǿŶ
֮û˵ؿϵЦݡ
ͻȻĲЦݣ³³

˵֮ǸϲŭɫˣǸĪˣû֮ܿ
ʱۺȻʶһֱǰ֮ӰˣһֱӰ۵ݼжߡ

ͷЦˣ׿ˣϣ׿ڻشң߲شҲССŮⲿ磬Ͷռɵģǰɣ
֮ԳĬ˻ش޵׶üס

ʱװ֮ղΪʲôҪˣǰӰԼʩչ˼ƣ
֪ϲǲϧҪͷԸȰȥϷ
Ӱ۵˼һԹ־ܣ

н£Ƿֺӯ飬ȦѾкܶ˶֪
ȥӯʼѯȥ¿Ļ꣬һжǰ֮ƺõģ
֮Ϊʲôһֱûժ۾֣ڴⷿ󣬺Ȼժˣ


ʱ۶òпһ䣬ĺ
뵽ʮδСһмˡ

ŶԣղŻЩ֮ˣ֮ǲǻ£޳ܵ£

ʱ߻صԣϵףϣٱĵͷ֮ЦʦллҽҰ
࣬ö

֮ĪĻ

ʱ֣ӳٸָ֣Ȼʳָգһ۸Ұ飬֮־ҡ֮ծƽ
ָգڶҲϲˣҲû׷ҡǵĸծƽ

֮üͷ

ʱָգһؾϷҲΪǸΣԺҲùȰһȥϷˡǾȫƽˣΣ
̧üЦеؿ
֮ͣá

ʱΪԼδؾϷʱģЦе̸УҪΪŮҪΪڵѧҪΪϷŮǣҪΪκκ˹ңҲǷ飬Σ
֮á

ٽͬ¶ǣʱ۷·İ֮һμҾ˷ҵ⣬ȻܾϷֻλ
ҲסͬһƵ꣬ھκξ۲ϼ㣬ϣҵֻ΢ȫɾɱҲֳͬһӪ΢
֮ҲκӰۣ㶼Ҿ;ؾϷΣ

֮ĿѴʹá

׷ϲ
˵У˵Ѻġ

Ӧܵġ

*

ʱϻؼңǴһЦؼҵġ
ҲѾǳɫɵļҾӷϴͷſſģں̰ӡ

ʱ۴ֺӯ֮ǰ͵֪¡
԰ְֺӯڽܣ̲סһ棬ϣְԺҸ
ӯԴ߶ôᣬϣְδҸԺ󲻻µ

ˣͳսŵʱ֣һӡ
ʱЬıQQ߹ָæȥϴ֣ȥϴ֡

ʱϴּǱߣ߻ͷʣ̣ʲôڵĽѽ
۲ţģ˵ÿ궼ڵҺؼҹ֮ǰǶ㶳ϡ

ʱ۲ˡ͡ţ⡱ĸ֣˲١
˳̣Ժ۲ˣٸҰһЩİɣţҲҪţҲˣġ

ˣʲôʱζˣ
ʱЦӯӯ˵ջġ

ʱ⼸춼˯ܳңҲüûŮˣȥߵϴּſڿŮ
ʱûţǶϴҺϴ֡

ͱʱ۸ߣʱֵͷϴֲ̧ͷ͸ս˿
ʱο껺ʱã۾ûûףִչҲգ۾ͷ֡

ѽҹŮÿ𣿡ʱЦʡ
ûԾЦͷһûˣˡ

ʱЦеģЦЦžͲԾˡ
ͷϻۣһŤͷӣͷҲˡ

̣ʱöţ𣺡ǿҰְ
̲ŹܲءʹЦת

Ҳںѽ۱ˣ״أ
ʱ۱ø󺰣ǿҰôˣôɣͷۣ

ֻЦţЦʣ൱
ʱں湾棺ʱ֣Цɣʱ۹꿴үү̵ģר״
ЦŻͷʱۣ͸״͡

ʱ۲״ͣ͡
ߵںȻֵָļ¶žѺͻЦɰ۱ְ֣ʱ˵ĵƹ

ָϴֻۣȥϴ֡
۸ԼҵĹŮתͷӱˮʣâҪ𣿡
ʱ۹ڵתȦȦͷҪ㣬ٸեâ֭ҿˡ
͹Цš





34.  34   1.19ҪͲҪ

, ʱ½顣

ʱ½£ľ֮ƽһ, ƽʾСѾͷͶʮˣ˸Ӧ÷ֵ, ;ԼҲòŮľûзԡ
Ͱ˪˪ʱ˼顣

ʱ۾µ, Ѿ׼ǰ¿Ӵ
ڽ֮ǰ˪˪ǴʱۺͱϽڵһ˷ϵϸϸ˵ʱڵֳʱų״֮, ϵ¡

ϽЦűʾȻ, û⡣
ʵ֮ǰѾ֮չʱۡ
֮ӵ, ƽ, ֵϰؼ, йæúչʱۡ

ϽҲ³ʱݲ򵥣ʱ, ⽻Ա½Ҫٳκβ

*

ƬɫڼҾߵһġ

ֳʵȡҾ߳ǣҾ߳ȡĺôеط
ʱһ˴ɳ, ž籾汳̨ʣױʦʱʱظʱ۽εһ, ʦʱǺϳԣ˪˪Աߵĵɳĥſȡ

֮ǰʱھʱвһֻС۷ƵΧŰ֮תھ飬ѾǲͬĹ⾰С۷䣬߰졣
ʱ۴ʦƵƯȹž¿˵ķױݣ񵭵ض߾籾Ǿ籾СŮ˼䣬ߵ˶Ծ

ʦףܽʱǺ󼸷Ժĸʱһ»Ƶ
ʱ۸оһͷѪҺ˲ӿͷ
ʱ̧ͷףܽףܽĿⲻԱæŲŪΡ

ѪҺʱͷ۳ŭҪ
ףܽϵǰ֮ġ֮˵

ף㣬ʱ۴սףܽ䣬ʣ˭Ŷ
ףܽܶЦЦվߣ۱ȥϴּ˹ôˡ

ʱۣ
Զ׼ǰ֮ףܽģףܽġ

ʱ̧֮Ǳ߿ȥ

ڼҾ߳ǵϷŮĶϷûǷŮ⣬Ůսľ򶨵ض̽
ѹûа֮ϷݣҲ֪Ϊʲôһ͹ˡ

֮һ˴ɳĿ
촩ĲУĻװ㣬˲ôװĵģǸġ
װİ׳ʿûϵӿĲСüԱ￴Ҳ֪ǹ⿪ģ

֮Ƕ̧ߵ۾ϣţӲڻҰƤɳϣ̬
ʲôƵأű̵ĻʵƵģɳɳֳƵģʮѹѹõͳû˸Ҹ˵

ʱۻ߹ȥֽ⿪ŵɳǰĲ輸ϡ
һ죬֮ȴδۡ

ʱվŵ룬û˵ķӦ
ͷ֮ûױڸϵİ̺ۣǴ̸ʱ̺۵Щ
ӦöȻʧɡ

룬ʱԱߵĵɳ£óֻ򿪶Ϸ涷
ǵƵʱһɵ㡰Ҫ

֮ǰһ˺ϴҹû˯Сʱ˯
ս˯ͷȻֶıŲϴЧ

Ҫ
Ҫ𡣡
Ҫ
Ҫ
Ҫ𡣡

֮õۣ۾Ҫڵġ족˻ȥ
ʱԱߵϣȤϷ
Сǹ˭ҲܲĹŶȣСŵţԴͼҲŻţЦ¶ӯӯѣϷŵòСŵúܡ

֮ṴЦҪƳ輸ϵ
ЦʱСﵴŵһŸûˣЦݽϡ

ⶣףܽףܽæʱ۴ϵġ
ʱ۶òӦòܾġ
ʱ˿̣ڲ輸ϷţûҪıĹ¶

ʱ۶Ϸڼš
Ҫ
Ҫ𡣡
Ҫ𡣡
Ҫ

֮ʧЦģʧЦЦãٵЦָüģЦ̾
˺ֵּССöЧľܾ

ҲҪ
Ҫ
Ҫ
ͲҪ

֮ˣԽԽȤϲ
ٵϲһܣļһ¡
˵ճȥģǷġ

ʱۿ֮۾ˣȷֻֻˣ뿪
ȥһ˿˿ڣ˶

ͬһʯͷ壬ӵǰĺˡһˮס
ʱûͷ˵ûǱҲҪĶ

һʯͷƿʼţ뵽׺ˮʱ۵ļ˻أ˰֮ϡ
ʯͷϻܴ࣬ģͺۡ

֮üƣشɳ̧ۿһʼû˵ľ׮֡°ʱ۵ıӰ
ְû֨ΪҰյϰָʹȴûϰɶСʣɶ

֮ۡ
ˡ

֮վӲ輸Ϲ
ֿϰЬûӾôڵʱۡ
һӦȻǣϰĽϸ

֮첽ʱ۵ǰת
קֻס

ʱֹͣƽӣպÿӵƤ
Ƥôףʱ롣

ʱ̧ۿĺᡣϣ°ϵĺɫС硣
Ĵˣʱ롣

̯֮ĸ

ķţǡ룬޶ʱ뵽顱ĸ֡

㡣֮˵
ʱδӦ

룬ʱóֶֻ

Ҫ𡣡
Ҫ
Ҫ

֮
Цˡ

֮Ц촽ͷҪոշŵϵġҪఢӹţ
ʱۣ
Ȼǣఢ̣
е˰ɣ

ʱ۴ⲻ̧ߣƹ

ʱߡ
֮󵲡

ʱ
֮ҳȡ

ʱƲȥ֮ǵ
ķŵʳָϣǰص

ʱ̧ͷֱ
۽ǵϸƣҲ۵׵ᡣ
ó˫˵ʱ˫¶ǡıȡ
δȥϸȾͱȣΪλᣬʱ̧ͷ𴽽ǣ¶ƾѣ۾ҲЦеġ

֮ͻȻС¶ĲЦݻۣ
ʱ̧ͷЦģģȻ˵ʦһ仰𣿡
֮ЦݺȻסˣ϶ʶſˮţ
ʱЦ˵ù
֮ѿڴӦš
Ӧ꣬Ҳûÿ

ʱ۵ЦջأüĿûо۽ʧ
ʲôأ
ʱۺڿֵĹû˵㻹ÿ

֮䷺ڻζղ˵Ǿ仰û˵ʲôûÿ

ʱ۵һۣûعùȻƹˡ

֮վԭأֱʱǰʧŻع
ûܻȥ֮ͷʧЦ
һͣСֻȻûڵһʱ

ϴּף֮ܽǴ
ʱ۸ˡ
ûͳȥ
ףܽ߹ȥ˵˼ʦ

û£߽֮ضҪ߱ˡ
ףܽæҡͷʲô֪

ȷʵʲô֪ǻƬûʲôˣ׼أ֮ͻȻ߹Ȼһ䡰ף㣬鷳հʱ۴ϣллˡ
ףܽҲһͷˮ
ҲеףӰڣ׷ʱ۰ɣ





35.  35   1.20֮

С, ʱ۲δ⣬ȥ籾
֮ͷϸ, պôϡ
ʱۣ, վûʱ۴ĺÿ

ٿкܶɫˡ
Ϸаݰ֮ʦͬµգѾ˳ⲿϷ, ԭûзٷϢСϢ˵̥

֮˵ûں̸ʱ˼ȥǷ̥Լĸ˭
԰֮ĸ״̬Ѿ⡣

ⲿϷݷɽɫ, Ҳˡ
ԭ֮ǰ䵵ײ, ûʱٳⲿϷ

֮ǰ鶼֪ĸˡ
ʱʹ˪˪µĸԱ, ˪˪Ҳ֪˭

˭֪Ա˭, Ҳʱ۵ĺڴ
ⲿϷҪɫ, ŮĶϷܶ࣬ôҪݼ̫֮࣬ò, ʱ۾ͺܺڴλԱ

ʱˣ˵Ϸ
˺þãԱû˪˪˪˪, ᲻ǻûҵ
ʱ⻰δ˵꣬ϵֳͬʱϵԻһˡ
, ʶһ£λǡ
ϵδ˵꣬ȫѾںͺҲ𣺡ӭʦӭ˧磡

˯İ֮ѡ

ǲĵӰֻĵӾ𣿡
찡˵ıȵ˧ˣİ
ֲö˵Ƿݻ𷸰ô˧ŮԱĶˣܲϷİ

ۣ֮컨ϵĵƴۡ
籾ϡ

׸磬ȻͬѧȻǽֶˣʶذ֮
ʲôϡ֮ƿ籾籾ڵϡ

ܲ𣿣
֪Ͱ֮Ǵѧѣ֪˻Ƿ涼Ȼ෴ˣ
ҵ֮ĵӰĵӾ磻֮ȦԸ߰Ķ࣬Ů˶ԶԶԶģȴǳߣŮ˿֮Ƕ˭ĮǶ˭ãرŮĶ
ҽǻӣôû̸ҲĶ˭á
˧Цúÿ˵ĸоǡ崺ůã֮رõһˣ

Ȼǽ˷˵Ҷڴˣ

֮üĺ̫ѨָüƵ̫Ѩѹ

ֳҵĻӭһ΢Ц˵ллλԺλա

ʱ۶ˣȫû뵽ǽ
Щ죬ܳÿ춼߶֣˵ůƵĴʼˣ˵ôôõˣ˧ݼߣԸã
ܳڿӴΨһżǽ
ʱܳ˵ˣȻؽżˡ

ϵʱڷ֣ʱ۰ʶһ½ʦǵŮˣʱۣʱۿǺԱ
˳űϵǰ߿ȥ΢ЦĿ¶졣
ĿһͺСƯŮӣһϮƮɴĳȹվȺǷΧ£òݡ

Ư⣬ŮӵͫʺĿر𵥴ɾֻһۣ϶ŮӾǾ籾е
γݵӰǣʦæģæչŮʱۣǰѾ֪ʱۺбݣȴʱһ°ġСŮ

ʱ۸ԼżƵģͻȻͺˣҲĪˡ
ʱǰ˼ػִкʦá
Ȼ־òԣӦŮʿֱ֣ǰ֣ʦá
쵽һ룬ӦѧʦһϹϽ˫ֳϥǴϹʦá

ʱôߡġʦá˰֮䡣
ģģŮĺڴ
̧֣ס

ϽܺͽʱҡġʦáͬʱЦЦǰʲôԺҽУԺôƺ㣿
ʱ˵ֱӽ־С
ãʱۡ

Ͻ֪СŮŽʹ˧ẦߣùԱǶɢˣ𶼾ʱ޴롣
ϽܶԽ˵ʱˣݼȥǱ߶ԶԴʰɣһǽϷһ顣
Ӧ£ãȥæ

ϵȥæۿƬ߼ɳʱ˰֮ü

ɳϣǹѰζļЦưغš
֮˰úܣûۣǸ߸ԹűˣϱǸʲôɡ
ܲϲ֮

Ȼ֮ߣָұɳ˵ʱۣȥǱ߰ɡ
ʱ۵ͷ˪˪æѾ籾ùԹºͽ̨ʡ

ʱֵĳӰ죬̨ʹ׺ܲĸ츳
˼̨ʺ󣬽е⣬漴Ϊʲôô˷ҪŮǶΪˣ˵ѹֱϵҿ㣬ҶҪʰ·ˡ

ʱ۱̫˿ˣѾϰߣλǱ˵ĽǱĺˣ֣߰ûûУұǲԶˣԺҪָ̡

һߣ֮ʱ¶ĳݱͺ̬۵ס

Ĭ㣬֮ƤЬϣ˵·ӣȥ

ʱ⿴һߴӰಡһվţһʱۻͷЦ磬ȿҸñȥҽĥġ
ʧЦУлл

Ȼʱ۶ûͰ֮ӭȥƿˡ

֮ʱΨֱ֮ܿĲӰ˿ڣʱۣԸҲһ𣿡
ʱûͷ

ΪʱûӰ۲ˣæţʱۡ
ʱͷ磬ôˣ

֮
Сղſ϶ˣⲻͷ

Цʣʱۣп𣿰ʦҲҪһݡ
ʱ˼룬ܷ˽ӣҲõŽ԰֮ͷ˵ѽȻѽ

֮⣬ȻãﴽŶ
ʱЦеͷȻתԱ߹ߣ߻ͷЦ԰֮˵ʦһ¡

֮վûо
ʱۼͷ֣С͵Ƶߴʦһ¡

ʱЦСӣĺʲôҪ˵СƵġ
֮ȻԼʧЦСʲôۣ

·ʱ߹ȥ

ʱ۵Ȱ֮ߵߣ籾Եס˽ߣżսʣʦʲôѽ

֮ͻȻŵŮƮζ֣ۿζԴԴϵشϴ
ʱ۾ЦúһÿСӿϣСӿҲɰ죬ĪҪ

ʦʱ۽
֮عʲô

ʱһ䣺ʦʲô
ŮӵǼĿڶ
Ȱɡ˵

ʱǴսҲûڽżյ֮ϣԱž롣
Цˡ

ʱָǰĵݣ԰֮ʦǵ¥գһҿȵꡣ
 
ȾԼȥ򡣡

Խȥ򡣡

ȶٱС

ʱʱС


*

֮ʱòᣬ

Ⱳӣ˶ԸĸĺޣʦһҵĸмδйϵĴ󲨶
ʱ⡣
ϣ̫ܵڣòᡣ

֮ȥ
ͽ֮䣬Ӵһ𣬾ͻ˳ۣѣˮݡ

еǰվ
ƤЬأƤЬصĵ졣
ӽ·Ⱥ

΢Ц̧ͷϲãѣʦ
֮Թѣ˫ֲ嶵輸ϣôˣ
ֱ˵ʦƼġ

ʱ⹫ƽ֮ʦϺ裬ʦ𾩣˶ǵӰѧԺĽڣ֮뻥ѧ֮䶼Ƽ
Ȼǽ𾩽ƼģӦҲƽС

֮ʣҲչʱˣ
š

ǱÿȵʱۣΧŮԣûԣ˹ⰲôġ
ǰҲȷʵѣ˵ʱ۶еִ
ֹһαѣǱ붣





36.  36   1.21ɬ۵ġ

Ȧô, ̫˼ĻŮˣֻһۿȥ֪ʱŮܸɾ, Լ˼ܸɾ
, ʱվŵŮȦƾ˪˪˪˪˵ƢС, ˪˪ĵذʱݿȡ
ʱŮӦںܶ˵ı谮³ġ

ͷʰ֮ǸƯŮʲô
ƯŮĸ֣֮˽һţٴ⡣


ΪԱ, ۲ǿ, ղע⵽֮߹ͬʱʱ۾, ֱ֮һź;, ׵ʲôˡ
ֲð֮ղŽʱ۵һ, ʱûͷ

Ϊգ̰£ԭϲ
ղǹϵ, ֮üҲûϲС
ġȻָʱˡ

Сǹʮ𣿡
֮˫ֲ嶵, ĪйɷǶСǵϸʮС
, ˣʣǣ
֮ȻϻǷ飬ծ

˵ʱѾ˭Ƿ˭ˣɣѾûбĿԹչõɡ

Űɣ㵽Ϊֹഥ֮˽ţû˯ãеȦˡ
֮ش˸ǷţˮСʱ
ҵĺ
š
Уˮ5Сʱʲôȡ

˻뵽֮ղ˵ʱۡСȻ֮ˡ
⻹ûðп˵廹У˵ûϡ
֮ЦЦбһۣû˵
û˵ֻô⣬һԭ籾ﲻݺľͷʱݺľͷˮ̹ǣ

֮ûҪߵ˼óֻĽİţȷʵû֮Ϸݡ
ûôȥϢ֪ʡ
֪֮Ӧʱۡ

֮ؽ˻ȥ廹УûϣҪϢ

Уˡ

˻ʱ۶ű߹
ɫСȱ׵̣˫ֶţ˫һֱͷſȿ¿С
ңʱֻһȡ

֮֮ڿֻֻʲôػ棬ڿèֻ֪֮è
֮Ƶᡢƽ˾ؿŲƽ˾֮£ڲӿ
ڿǻתһȦֹһȦͺ⣬ҧ˭һƵġ

ʱ߹԰֮޶ãЦŽȵЦģö磬ӭллָ̣ȿȡ
ֻ֮ʱ۵Цģģÿģҧĥʲô

ӹȣʣʦû𣿡
ʱ¶СЦ˵ʦӦһȥ򡣡
֮Ŷ
֮ƫһԣ첻Ӧ

ȻˣЦŽӹȣǾллˡ
ʱ۰ЦһȶѣġʲôʱȣʱһС

Цʣ˿ȣ̲𣿡
ʱ۵ͷѽ̲ҲУϲǻǲǵģ߰ǣ̲ҲԼģҪҲҡ

̧ͷǰŮӣϹҵЦݺʵڣҲ̲סЦ
Ůͦرģرļ򵥡
ļӦĳɳɰϣվǰͺһɫͷ׵Ŀɰ򣬺ܸͯɾ
Ȧ߸ָͬĿĵˣټ򵥵Ůӣûɣְ˺ҪӴ

Ůвϸ벻ʳ˼̻ĵദ
ѹְ֮ô߸ϵˣ뷲ˡ
ôһƯɰɾŮȷʵܸƽ֮ϵĴͷ֮ɢӰɡԡ

ЦҾͲˣһǵ̲ɣлл
ʱЦŵͷȻֱ˸OKû⡣

֮Ա߲ɫʱ˵ĶԻһڼſڵʯʨӣʲôƵģȲ

Ⱥ㡣˵
ʱЦϲͺá

̧֮ۿʱۡ
ֳֿȣƵشšţƮڡ磬ûķݡ
ʱڽԱߵĵɳͷ籾ʱ̧ͷѯʽ̨ʵ⣬ŴҲʱزг

ںݵþˣͷʹ

*

ʱ۽òע⵽֮У۰ϣһֱƬ
סͬһƵ꣬ͬʱչľ۲ϣȻÿ춼ܿ

װĵˣϷʱϰֻɢűĿ
ƬϷǣƬĴϰֳ๤һ
żײо۵׺ӿʲôߺѹʲôһ

ڽƷǳã˽ﶼ񣬺ְֺ񣬶ǸůصĸоԽͽദԽԽܳ룬ʼż

ʵʱԴӺͰ֮жϸеҲˡ
ְֺʱʶ˰֮֮вŻһǰеİĿ꣬Ϊһܹͬ㣬һֱܽŬ
һ˼ƴȫŬѧϰɹӰѧԺ֮ҲûиڴѧÿһڿΣĥݼΪԼ㹻㣬㵽δһʸ磬

ڣ֮ʧˣϲʱĸҲûˣְֺӯҪٻˣʱ۶δã֪ҪʲôĿŬ
ʱܳкܺõĽˣ涼ܺã뽫ĵͷŬѧϰ޹ڸУֻżĿ꣬ȥŬԼøãԼΪõԼ

ż

*

ƬϷڲƺ⣬ŮĶϷ
ԷΧۣƺ˽԰㣬ֳԱ빤Ա

ɣױ͵ʱǰƬ̨ʡɫ
ݺͽû

ڱ·ݻδֹͣůէէůӡ
ڵĻ⣬ģ¶ȻЩ˪˪޷ʱϡ

ʱ̧ͷ˵ллյܳϢ
۱żůǲģܲҲ룿ԺʲôƻҲȥæҲҪʣѵģ

ܳһɵģ̸̸ϿΣżɥһɥûʲôĿ꣬ҲûԶƻԴϴȥ˹¶ԺҲʼûϡ

ʱۻظ˵ѽһҺżĶϷûд΢Ⱥʲôģǽȥ
𣡣

ʱյܳϢеĲɣ籾ҲȥˣһֱŲӿΧżֳ
˪˪ϳ۱أ
ʱ˵Ƚ磬ôѽ
ҽ˪˪ʡ

Աŵİۣ֮īʱۿȥ

Դӽ󣬰֮û뿪顣
ûϷݣƬš
ӰֻҪݺչӰҶҲǳסƬһֱҵȫ鶼𾪡

Ҳǣ첻ûϷݣҲû絽ƬѾɺܾá
Ƕ죬լſŵլʯʨ

ʯʨƫʱۣʱΪʱҽ

ţеʽ磬ʱȴε˵żʲô£ٵȵȡ

֮ʱۿ˵ڴֹʧġ硱ض촽
촽΢ţӯĴнС¶Сɿɰ

ۣ֮ٿ

ŵİ֮ͻȻۡ

ʱ߹ȥ

*

ʱŲź͵ŽͻȻһӰߡ
һɫװ㣬īͦΣ˫޳еĲӵԣ¡

ðѿĲƺϴɡɡ¶ԲӣΣǷ羰ܺõλá
ղŻŵİ֮ͻȻߵ¡
ʱ۱Ϊһ£첱ӿˣͷ籾

⣬֮ī˪˪ֻԱһԺӵľ޴˧硣

ʱ۲˪˪˿ڣʦ£
֮ĵ̧ȣȻϣ򿪼ͷ˷۾˵˾䣺Ǳ߷߷С

Ӱۣɤãᣬȴд͸
ǣҶڻ⣬ǱߵķʲôС

˪˪Ƴʱۣʱۿ϶˰֮ⲻɵɡ
ӣ˪˪ҲƷζˣʱδƨߵߵ֮Ǳܣǰ֮޵Ʈ

˪˪ЦʦҪĻԶഩ㡣ԣСأ绰Ǹü·
̧ۣ֮͸ī˪˪һۡ
ڸߣó
æ֮䲻ȵ˵

˪˪֪֮ǽڣЦһ£ٵ٩ˡ

֮ʱδк۾ھ籾һû֮
֮ʱ۵ֱһ籦ʳָۻӣʱֻۣûˣ籦һ£
Ǿòѯʡ

šһѣûʲôģʱӦһ

籦ʱֱߣ֮վֹȥãʱ⿴޳ָȻˣü
ΪִϾûΪŵָζ
з磬֮磬ӭ磬ָζ紵ǡŵ
ζŨԱζһ̷Ǽ䣬ζӯϢ

֮ʱ˺Ķīµ۾˲䰵ˡ





37.  37   1.22ôˣ

, ֮ջ֣˪˪кǣϷɣ𣿡
, ǹĵǲõĳ

ʱ֮ʵ仰, Ծɨһۡ
ϻа̣ΪϷٻױ, ̲ˡ

Դͻĵִ£ҲһЩ

Ƕڱãͦõģʱ롣

, Ǻ֮αĹġ
ǰһӶĹ, ΪؾϷǼȻѾ, Ҳ˵Ҫٹ, ڻʲô

˪˪֪֮, æ籦ùȥ˵۱ں˺ܶˡʦǲǳˣ

ʱѾ̧Ϊ˲ԼӵĶ̫, ָָƹȥӡ

֮ˣƬ̣˵Ǹˡ
ѹõ, ɤʹЯǸơ

ʱûӦΪûϵ
ܲű, ԼϲζԼűӾͺá

֮δõʱ۵ĻӦüͷ塣
ϳٿֻֻʵĻצڲͣèץ壬ӵĸŷң紵Ҳҡ

֮վߵʱԸ˵Ǳ߰ɣǱ߱磬ŵϵζ

ʱۺȻԼˡ

ʵϵζûôֻǸղʱһ紵ǡŵѡ
֣֮ǰϲʱ򣬻ϵ̲ζѩľ㣬ܸ߼ζܺš
ȴϲˡ

֮ţʱ۲ֵԼ̫վŲ֮ղ¡
֮ʱ۸оеûȺ
֮ôӻǱģ

֮ʱ۸£һܾʱ۵ˣůůġ
֣֮ǰ˸λãȴϲ

˪˪ʱ۲Ͱ֮˵ӣĪȤûһʰ֮ϵ˵ƽʱ̣ǣʲô𣿡
֮ʱǱ߿һۣĵءšһ

¹Ȧʲôܰæģͺ˵һ˪˪˵
֮лл

˪˪Ͱ֮˵仰ͷʱ۸ӼƵǶӼôˣ
ʱ˵еӣ˼˵˶䣬˵ӣе

˪˪̧ͷΧûʲôӺͳӷɰʱϸƤģƿС
·ݾȻҲˣ˪˪ô˵ţȥ˭ˮ

ʱ۵ͷӦţ˪˪ȥҪˮ

˻̧ۣ֮ʱڶȥ
Ϯֱ֮һ
˼Ƭ̣

ʱŲƨůӣǡ¡Ƽ粻⡰¡ӶȺ۽Ȼ˹
֮ӣŵ󣺡һ£ӡ

ʱۣ
ʱŤͷװĴϰƵˣīӣͳ͵в

ʱʵ̲סˣôȥˣ
֮ѿڶû㡣
ʱۣ
˵ʲôå
вɣ

֮˵ںҲʣͿ˷īƹ⣺Ӱɡ
ʱ۸оԼղĪˣåˣüվԼů¡
֮ߡʡȥ

ӺȻʱ۱֮ӭ
˷磬粻Сʱϵζһ֮Ϯ֮ŵķľˣҲЦ⡣

ֻ֮Ĳڼˣż̧ͷһʱۡ
Сؿž籾żü˼ͣѣʻģ
֮ܰһ̺õĸо

Ȼ硣
ŮƮ˲Χ
һɲǣϣÿ峿Χ

Ȼʱۡ
ʱһͷһɢŵġСһ볤ǰƮڼձߣס۾ʱŲҷͷ
֮ʱһһεͷкְһͷĳ嶯

Ƿʱ۵档
Ȼ䣬֮ʱ۵ķ磬

ûȥӯҽ𣿡
Ȼ֮ٱְ

ʱû̧ͷͷšһ
ղ˪˪˵öˣ֮⻰ʵúġ

ʦأ廹
֮ʡ

ʱͻȻøˣЦ̧ͷЦƨ¡ĸߣòˡ

ʱǶ԰֮õЦÿһЦſʱûʲôû
֮

ʱЦţ̰֮䣬ȻƳϴŵһջЦü
֮ע⵽ʱ۵Ŀ⣬̧ӵס

ͬʱĬ
ĪֹĽӲ

ʱ۵ͷ籾籾þδһҳ
ʱ룬֮Ϊʲô

*

ݹ찲˪˪˪˪ҵˮﲻͣҡƿˮʱ˵ˣ·ݵѹû뵽ӣûˮòײһƿˮиСڳпٵģҲ֪òʹŰɡ
˪˪ʱۣв
ʱ۸ղںŪûӣ˪˪Ѿˮˣܹ˪˪ˮͷа

˪˪ƿ£оζ̫ţü˵ţôŰɣܵá۱ֺͲӶ
ʱվԹ˫˵û£˪˪Ҷ㡣

˪˪ɲʱ۹⻬Ƥϱҧֲһʹ͡ڡسʱһٿ硣
ʱȴûо絽Լϣ紵ʱʶԼǱԭûϣתӭվţ˪˪æ硣

һӦòˣʱ̧ţζеСʱѧУϴּˮеǺǣҲãûرţú¼籾
º󣬾ĪоΧղ̫ԾֹС
ͻȻ仯˵϶Զİ֮û̧ͷôˡ
˭֪ôˣϾǸȵˣ²͸

˪˪֮ڶţ¶ˮòʣʦ㲻ӡ
ֻ֮ƽƽģĪзݹĵͳҪлл
˪˪˵УҪҪʱҪ

ʱۿȥ籾ǸоĪΧ죬û뵽죬Ϊʲô졣
˻ʱͻȻӦˣ͵̧ͷ֮



ղһٿЩˮǲǶ紵Դˣ

*

ʱ͵֮֮֮ǰһ̩Ȼţܸо֮ûô̩ȻȻǴġ
˭뵽һ죬Ӱ۱紵һԴһһʻ¶ˮζʱ۶Դ̫Цˡ

¶ǣɲЦڻӦȥ֮ǸŶԣϾǸղûע⣬ðӰ۰װ¶
סЦģʱվ׼Ͱ֮Ǹʱüûֵĸǰڰ֮˹

ǰ̧֮ͷʱˣִкˣʱۣ˪˪㣬ô簡
ʱ۵ĵǸϣֻȺѣˣ硣
˪˪Ҳźѣ첻æǰ춼û㡣

Ϲæյÿգǰż·ߵ֮߶߶˵׸ôִô٣䲻䰡Ų绹ͦ㿴ʱ۶޷أҲš
˵䣬ǰ߶Ȼֹͣս֮ԴŰ֮ͷȻ͵˺ű˵ϰʲôζôôŨ
֮졣
ʱۣ
Ц
ǰǵ֮ˣ֮ôһôйԣñƵġ

ڱЦʱһʱûסꡱһЦȻæס졣
˪˪֮Ըǰʱ죬ʱԱЦȻӦ
ǰ˵֮ʲôζôŨӦǰ֮ӭţɽկ¶ˮƮ֮ˣʱۣʱҲ˶̲סЦ

Բ𰡣˪˪Ц˵̫Ǹ˰ʦԲ𣬶Բ𡣡
ζ䵽֮ϣ˪˪һʱ䶼֪ô˼ҰζŪûˣֻܲͣ˵˼̫˼ˡ

ʱ۶ҪЦˣ籾סԼ籾ЦŴ죬ֱ֮϶ʼʱ˵Ǿ䡰Ǳ߷߷С

û¡֮˵

ûµӣͺӣվڿѾΪ˺ֶվ赭д˵ްްӡ

ʱЦøˡ
ǰ֮ī۾ﶼҪʻ¶ˮˡ

֮ʱͲʱЦ̧ۿپ籾ʱۣʱ۵ھ籾棬籾ֶڶЦܸ˵ģ
֮õȻɢ£һ¡





38.  38   1.23ۿͱˡ

, ˪˪ʱۣС˵һ, Цˡ
ʱ۸ЦѨƵģ̲סЦ, Цֱͷ

֮Ҳ̲סЦˣЦƳٿ˪˪û, ллˮ
֮䣬˪˪˿λүûûͺá

ǰûô, ˪˪ʲôˮ
֮ˣ˵졣
ǰ
Ϊ, ·α죿

ǰֱϻŸ֮·, ˵, Ҳ֪ʱǶ˱, Ҫſ·֮ϣ֮Ҳ˹߳ͱ±, ЦǺǴкѽǶڰ
˪˪͸ǰͬʱ˵Ҳ硣

Ц߹һ鲻, ߵ֮ʱȻҲ˱ӡ

ɶζֵͷţü, ̧ͷǰҲʸǰ𣿡
ǰæʹɫˣСı
ȫû׸ǰڼüŪʲô˵ģûζҲ̫ˣˣСʱ򡭡

ȣȿȡǰԡ
˪˪Ҳԣȣȿȡ

ָое㲻ԾˣԽԽСζ
ʱ֮Ȼȥϴּ䡣

֮뿪˪˪͸ǰֶΨʱ̵ۣѾˣڷ¾籾Ц
ʱЦòУ˪˪Ҳ̲סЦǰ˼ܹȥ׷֮
ʱ۴Цֹ

*

ʱЦ˺þòͣ£ͣס۾ﶼЦˡ
˪˪þûʱЦˣҲˣȻֽлױʦʱ۲ױ

׼Цˣ˪˪ڰ֮֮ǰСİѰ֮Цˡ
ʱЦŴӦ

˰Сʱˣʱվ磡
Ҳ˻֡

һģߵʱǰЦŵݸллĿȺ̲裬С
ʱ۾ϲҵлл磡

ʱ۽ӹӺͺ򿪿ֲ˼ֱӴ򿪡

û£ɣ˵ϲϲϲʡ

֮ϴ軻·ʱһĻ
¡

÷ɫװģӰװŮ
ʱ۳ſӱԵ濴ŵǸʺڴĺܿɰķɫñ
ʱϲñӵģñϲˣϲññŲ񣬲ϺȣҲ̫ѹͷָպܵ硣
ʱóñ⿴һģһñ

˵һѳģлл֧ҡ
ʱۺͽѳҲϲû뵽ͼˣʱ۶󵽳յñʱĸ˾æ˵лл̫ллˣ϶ظˣҲлл

ˣЦϿôѡСͷΧģӦаɣ
ʱԴȷʵͦСñ΢е󣬵ϲñӣŤͷҪ˪˪ÿ𡱣ǰ֮
֮ڿѾ˺ܾá
ʱ۱ٿ

ÿ֮룬Ȼش
ʱָ£漴ֻû

֮Ϣ𽥳ȥ

ʱյ̶شñӣƬ

ʱ۵ͷֻ֮ʱ۵ñӵûסܸܿˡ
ϣ˫̧أ浴ţҲš

֮ͷʹ
ǱһԲԴѹȦƵģʹεĹקȥ

֮ɨһۣ֮ͷʹƵ˫ְ̫Ѩ

ͷۣʣ˯
֮šһû˯

֮˵ᣬΧͬһʱۿ϶ܹ
Ȼһû˯£ʱûи֮κηӦ
·˿⡣

*

ʱ۸ܳϢܳñӸܳ˷ˣ׷ʱʱʴƵ¡

ʱۻظһá֣ҪʽܳϢַŶˣб߱컹أûпȥμŻ
ʱҲμŻأͰ˵Ҳȥûпˣݲߡ
ܳУҺͱ߱˵һ

ʱٴ̧ͷҪʽַܳ߱ϲŶ
ʱ۸նܳϢɵۣյ߱΢š
߱Ϸô۲ۣ

ʱ۸ϽܳظϹ˵
ֿٸ߱ظԣ˵ҪлˣҿҪɱȥˡ
߱ûϵ

ʱ۵ָžǶ÷ɿ죬ţͬѧϢأ
ʱ۵ͷš
ʱôɰӦкܶ׷ɣЦʡ

ʱԺ죬кܶ΢űס
СһģҲûŽʵͷ˵еġ

Աŵİ֮ü

ɨ۰֮ʱۣôʵʱ𣿡
ʱ۹Թ˵ǻûеģֻϷѧϰ

֮üƽˡ

ʱ۽ַʽǽأŮ𣿡
ʵһ£ЦҡͷûУһ

֮üͷɽߡ

ŶŶʱ۵ͷ֪ôȻЦˡ

ʱۻСʱЦľѣ֮Ȼ˵ô̸ʺϡ
ʱۣ
̸̸ܵ

ʱﴽЦʦллģҲСˣ̸ˡ̸ҹ˶ʮգ鶼ˡ

֮˵±ƭ
ʱݣƭôˣƭͷ֣飬ͻһ£ʱʼ

֮оԼҪĹˡ

Ͳ󣬡֮ʣͿԺ
ʱﶼ뽫֮ж˿飬ЦӯӯҰֶ˵ҿ԰Լϲκ£ʦŶ

֮ʱЦһ仨貵ػӰ֮

ʱЦţȻתͷʽ˽磬һ𣿡
Ȥʲô޷

ʱ۲ð֮ԴǱȥСʣůƵĴʼˣ𣿡
΢ҪȤ
ʱͷȤҺͳӽŶӣȥֻ־ԸҲУҪʣ΢Ⱥ֮ģʲôƻæ

޵֮Ǳһ̧̧ۣ֮üû˵ڿè

˼˼룬ûֱӻشǷůⴴʼˣֻͷ˵ɨһ΢ţȺҲԽ
ʱ۸лˣóֻ򿪶ά룺лл磡

ЦвȻת˲š

ӺʱۺѺҲֻ
Ƭ̺󣬰ֻ֮ϵ΢Ϣ
ϰ壬ͣ
֮ظ֣á

ʱ۽ȺһԳ
ůƵĴʼ˴ֻϵĴѡ

ϣڼŽ˽֮ǰһԭ򣬾˽֮ơ
֮Ƿݸ߰òϣ֮һȲϵĵ

Ҷ˵ã֪ͬʱ˽Ͱ֮Ǹ˿϶˵֮á
֮

ʱ۽ȥ̧ͷЦ۾ӳŹâЦڷ⡣
ˣż񣬿ԺϸӰ𣿡
ͷȻԡ

ʱۻͷ˪˪˵ذֻݸ˪˪˪˪ա
˪˪׼˵׼Ҫ˰
ʱСƵĹԹվڽߣ̧ͷ˿оñе㵲ߺ̧̧ñӣȻԾͷȼ֣ЦòޱȣҮ

ĺ˪˪㣿ĺҿʱʡ
˪˪Ц˺ˣĵÿɺÿˡ

ʱ۴˪˪ӹֻͷ濴Ƕ

Ƭʱ˫ˮЦüձ߾ðЦƯ
ͷƬþˣһβһƬŮһֱվʵߵĸо

ʱۡͻȻ֮
ʱ۵ͷƬû̧ͷ

˪˪̧ͷʣʦʲô𣿡
ûʲô£֮˵ҺʱҲһš
˪˪
׳Եġ

˪˪ʱۣײʱۼ
ʱᡰǡһȻ̧ͷЦʦǲ׺ͬкӰģ˰ɡ

ʱ仰ǿѨ磬ȷ¡
֮˿ӰôͬкӰ֪±ץѱǵ

֮ͷʱۣʱҲͷŰ֮
˭˵ô㿴ҿ㣬˭Ҳò

ǽʱۣҪôͰʦһӰɣϾŮ
ʱۣ
Ȼż񿪿Ȱˣʱ۾ͲòӦˡ
Ҳûվԭؿ֮

̧֮ȥ
ղվڽõˣһƽ
֮վʱߣһҲƽ

˪˪ֻգáﻢ¡Ƭĵ˺ޡ
׼˹ЦһЦ˪˪Ц˵Цһ£һ

ꡱһ죬涨
ֻƬԭƽİ֮ͻȻﴽЦ
ԭƽʱۣͻȻñס

֮ƫñӸסʱۣĥ





39.  39   1.24ǣԴˡ

ƺⳡϷ, ϵĥͷ졣
죬ĵŮǣֵϷݡ

ⳡŮϷʱŮʶ֮ǰǸջعŮСҪŮ־롣

ľͷֱǣʱڵ, ǵ˼
߹Ӹ¸, ˴ʱĸߵ͹ϵ״̬
ʱڵϣҲڵϣ, ﻰ͸¶ʱԶ˼ʱûвֲĸܣ
֮վٴ߳ʱ۵״̬, Ȼʱ, קʱҪϹˡ

ʱ˿, ֳ㽭ʱֵһͷϡ

֮Щ, ߵ˪˪Ա, ˪˪ĵڼˣ
˪˪˵Ѿˣǵ

֮΢΢ü

ʱڲƺϣͷ, ݳС֣ϡ
ûжԽκεִޱȻشġ

£ָסʱ۵С, ʱ۴ӵק
ק󣬽ûɿʱ۵, Խʱ۵˴ʱǣ֡

֮ȥʱۺͱǣֵһĻȱϽܺ֡
Ͻȴһ

֮תü

ϽܾȺʱ㲻ҪڽεˣǸﲻˣϡֹҲյȻ㣬ôСģΣҪе㻵һ

ʱۣѯô𣿡
ʱ۶׼ûôִ˵ûģ磬û¡

֮

ڰģʱڵϣԽЦ˺ÿľѣε֣Լַŵġ
ʱ۵ָָڽϣȻһ£ﱻָӡ

һ˲Ĵлεʧսʱ۵ָקûƺ̫ʱ۱קúȻ²ȣ˹ȥ
˫ַס

ʱ۸ղϷʱǰԼ˵ýܸɵקԼ֧ŵؾ˽˽ԼҲôסˡ

ַʱ۵ʱ۵ϸﰼߵĻȣǶĪ뿪
ʱ۴˷Ӧ𽥷̱죬ˡ

˪˪ʱ۵ͷͷ֮

֪֮ʱѾվͻȻ仯ֻռ˵̵ʨһ̡

֮ͷ紵ңͷǰ˫𽥱䰵
ҧỴ̈δȼֻҧţҧ̣ǵ

Ȼ𣬰֮ͷ紵ңͷǰ˫𽥱䰵
ַʱϣδſ

ȻƾХֲ˳
֮ժǵˣʱȥЯХϮһϰ

ȵȵȣǰˣϽȥקˣ侲侲㡣
ǰʹŰ֮ĸ첲˵˼СϷأϰ侲㡣

Сϰס쳣̶
֮ۡ

ǰҲʱ۲ˤסһĻ֪֮϶Դףȴû뵽֮Ȼ嶯ҪͷϷЩôȥʱۿܻأ侲

ʱۿܻĻ֮δǰߣ˫Զмˡ

ڷſʱۣʱ۵Ŀ࣬˺󣬵ǸǸ
ʱۺҡͷû¡
ϽܣǸϵ
ʱҲŻͷǸ˼ݡ

ϵüͷ׼һȡ
ʱزƺվʱߣϵ˿ʼ󣬽ʱ֣ʱ۵ݳ֣ٴǣ֡

ϵȴԲ⡣
һǣֵļ򵥶ȻôǰŵĺͻȻˣ֪⺹ɱϵǹģԱߵİ֮

֮û˵صϣָһµذŴ
ûûá

𽥵ģ֮ѾƽǰҲ˿

ʱϵǱͻȻ˵һĶһ£ǣˣ§ԡקʱۣʱ㲻ȵ˹ȥٷסԡ

ǰԲˣҪˣԱߡ顱һ𣬸ϽȥͿ֮ԵӶˡ

̩֮Ȼԣֻһ仰û˵
ǰ
Ĳϲʱۣ

Ƭ˶֮˹·ûܵκĿ⣬أԵذֻ
һ˲䣬˿ʼôģǱ֮ƵߵģǱġ

Ҳڿ֮˼ؿŰ֮
֮治ɫŶǶĿ£ȴ·Χһ޹أΧҲĮġ

ͬʱ֮ϲʱۣѰٷְȷ
˵Ĵʻ𷢵̶ȣֻΪŮˡ

Ӱ֮ǱջĿ⣬ٿʱۡ
֮Ǳܴʱȴû֮Ǳ߿һۡ

ʱۣ𣿲ԵĻҺ͵˵ǣ֡
ʱ۵ͷʧʲô飬ûӦ

ʱۣ˵
ʱۻ̧ͷʣ

ҡҡͷûˡ
ʱۺ֪Ӧʵĺǿɲ԰յҪ㣬ͷûϵݵġ

Ͻܾȣ׼
ʱصƺϣվʱԱߣ˶һۣͬʱ΢Цʾ׼
Ҫ§Ϸ

ͻȻʱǰоԼһ紵̧ۣ֮Ѿ߽ͷ
ǰһգˡ

ʱҲоΧԱ仯ѹ
ʱ۵ͷƺĲݣû̧ͷ

һȻͷ𣬡ҪҽôⳡϷ𣿡
ʱ־Ųݣͣҧ

ʦ˵ӦòҪ鷳ʦָˣʱӦÿˡ
ʱأ֮ʱۣ֣Ҫҽ𣿡

ʱʱ÷ŲҪָ̧̺־ӿ֡

һ̣֮סӹ֡
ʱ۾̧ͷ֮شӵקʱ۽²ȣһĳ

֮סʱ۵ϸòӯһգϣ̽

ȻʱȴԴͻȻˡһ죬͵ƿ˶־廷ƣ˺

ʱⳡϷ֮ǰѾ׼Ϸ䲻ȫ֫Ӵ׼ֻԽȫû뵽֮ͻȻ§ȫëŵˡ

ʱۣ
˪˪ͬʱ

˪˪ȳסʱۣʱۡ
ʱڷҧͣض

֮Ȼƿס

ǰʱͷ󺹵سæͽ͵ݺΧǸԲ˼ʦеΪⳡϷżˣʾûעȣǸǸ
ǰҲ˪˪ʱ۵Ǹ̫ԲˣԲʱۣû°ɣðɣ

ʱ۱ŵĿ־嵭ˣԼĵִӦҲˣ˼𽥻̧ͷ֮ŭ
вƾʲôϷ§

ʲôëʱ˳
߳˪˪ԼվֱˣݺݵصŰ֮㵽ʲôë

˪˪͸ǰͬʱһͱϽ˶ס

ûʲôë֮ӭĿ⡣
ʱŭɣҿë

ʱ׺ݵصŰ֮ᷳص
۾ƯʵƯġ
ж

֮ͻȻ̧ʱۡ
δδΧܶ˶ֱֱʱۡ

ʱʶ˺
֮Ȼ̤

Ҫʲôʱ۲˺ʵ

߽֮ϥȻһЦ
ЦԼղŷ˵ΪЦԼôһһʱЦԼҲʱϲͶЦˡ

ЦʲôʱüоĪˡ

֮ʱ۸̫࣬ϥϥǿڿһСѣСѡ

ʱɵס
ȻСѡȻҽԺĸһģһ

֮úں˵СѣԲǸҸոտ§㣬ʧˣŵˣԲ𣬶Բ𡣡

Сѣ
磿

Ҳǵʮ㡣

˵ǵ˵ʲôСѺ磡
ʱ۽ҧסҧš

ǵ
ܴһʼͼǵ
ȴһʼ˵ǵ
¿ţ˵ǵ
ȹѵӣȻŴ۸

ʦʱ۽˵ĻһһضעƺҲСѣҽʱۡ

ڳ˶ҳۼŰ֮ͷ
֮ı飬ʱǰϥٵͷƺʱ۰һء

ͺʱ۸߸ϣڸʱ۵ͷףƳ

Сѣ˵ҵСѡ

ʱۺ޼Сѡ֣ͻȻ̧һȹȥ
˵̸˵Сѣ

ʱҧгݣһȥžһ죬֮š

֮ƫŵϵĲ磬Ȼ˵Сѡ
ʱٴ̧֣һ˹ȥ

ǡžһ죬Χ˵

̧֮ͷһһ˵Сѡ

ʱͻȻܵûҪȥ˪˪ס첲

˸˵
վԱߵĽٿڵĳ棬˵֮Դˣ𡣡





40.  40   1.25ĥˡ

ʱ۾̧ͷ
˭˭Ĵˣ

˵Ȼ, ûϷҲƬţΪʲô
תʱۣ˵ΪҸղŷ, ʧˡ

ʱ۲ŵţҪڽ￴ڿЦԲ, ûУǳ档
ʱۣ˵, ӦǳԴˡ

ʱҡͷܣҲš
𾪵ǣǰͷİ֮Ȼ˵ǡ
ǰ, ҳԴˡ
, βƮŵģڿеǧ, , 

ʱ𾪵ؿǰİ֮, оʵо֣ٵ, ĵŭ

ϲ𣿡
ʱۣˡ

˵ǵҲ˵ϲġ
Щ˵Щʲô

յĺġ
ղ¹ϵ

֮дû滰
ΪʲôһһεعɧǶȤζ, ˼
ʲô
Ǹ쵰

ʱ˺Զǰϥİ֮
һһ˵㹻Զ, ʱ̧ͷԽ˵ˣʦͶⲿϷҪⲿϷ׬ǮһֱֳⲿϷһϷʱͺ˵ˡֳΪͶˡղŷ˵ҪԽңΪΪûݺá

ԴףʱϺȻ¶ЦݣЦúܲãʦϲҵģֻǻ취Ϊݶѡ

˶ס
֮ɫҲ֪ʱûѪɫؿ

ʱЦ֮ƽ˵ϰ壬ղûݺãǸ
˵ţ԰ֱֱ֮ľʮȵĹȻֱϰ壬治ԸַලңǸسŵˣǣԶԴ˷ġУֳӰҷˣ뿪𣿡

*

֮ϳƬ󣬸ǰһ·Ű֮һֱͣϳ
ϳ󣬰֮ʼû˵˾Ƕ⣬һ

ǰղſʱ۲ˤסһĻ֪֮϶Դףȴû뵽֮Ȼܳ嶯ͷ
ô嶯Ĺȥʱôܲ
Ȼֳ

˾ûյָʾҪĿ
˾ʸǰ磬ȥİ

ǰͷ֮֮ԾɲŴ⣬ûָʾ
ؼҰɡǰ˵
룬ð֮һ㡣

Ӿ֮ĲһֱţҧǶҲһֱҧţǰһ仰Ҷ˵

ǰ֪ղ֮ĵģʱ˵Щʱ۶ϵһ
Ա߿ţܸоʱھϹʱ֮ѻιж

ǣܹ˭أ

֮صմţ˹ɾȡ
֮˳ϣŲԴߣèþãԺЩ

֮ȥϴּϴ֣ѳժ۾
ժ۾󣬰֮ϴ̨Ѱҿ۾ȴûҵ

֮߳ϴּ¥ȥҷڽŹϵ۾ûµèץ壬͵ز㱻èץ

֮ٶȣվèץԷǽĻһƬģ
Ϲӡ

֮¥¥ʱûע⿴¥иèֻ֮ȿٵţͨͨ¥
¥ݿںվȣһβ㱻һè߰
֮ŵˣһԡ

֮˿£ץèץèץϡ
̫أèץһ㱻ѵ

֮ȻһֻԱèèץϣ
˺ðΣϣſ£Сѣ

ûлӦ
֮û

ֹ˺ðΣ֮һģʱۻӦĽ硣

Сġ
е㱯е

գ֮һͨ绰ѣͷŭ̸֮ҹ
֮Ĭ㣬ȷʣʦ
Ϻڸҹ
ͨ

֮ӴͷϵĿ۾ϣ㿪ͨѶ¼ҳա֡
ҪȥƬӳŵֻһΣշ΢ŵ
գҰҹԢҶˣҸؼˡ˵Ӳģš㲻ùԼᴦá

Ϻʼղ֪Ůе£ն·

֮ƿ´´ͬʱϵĲһӱƵ˵ϡ
ͷУߺأ

̲֮סЦ۾ͷԣүүҪְȥ
ʦԴҪŭ

׷Ű֮ܣһֱ׷ñ䣬Դͣȡ
֮Ͼ˼˸ͷѸٳš

֮ҧ̳ϳղţǰʱ䣬гҹϷҪġ
֮ظ٣ͱϵ˵һ

ζƮᡣ
˽Ϸ֮ǰϺҡ

*

ϼһ԰Ϻڻ԰мˮؽǽ·жԡ

ջ£⼸£˺ܶ๤;籾һֱӼ
ͻȻȥԢе»ᱻ֡
˴е£ֻҪϣû˻ȷ£ڿ֮ǰҲһֱδš

˵Ӳǰ֮ģ˭ģ
߽֮԰ʱϺŭһ䡣

մδκ˵Ӿ˭ģҲˣ֮ǰס
ҵġ֮ϡ

˲üôˣ
ˣҲܲ³֮¾仰Ƿϣģ⺢Ӳǰ֮ġ

Ϻ̧ۿյĶӣڿѾôˣˡ

֮ë̺ߵϺԣë̺˵ǸʦҵĴ岻ã
Ϻ費ֻ岻öѣ˰֢ڡ

Ϻ֮˦ë̺Ұչôչģ
Ϻ岻ãͻȻĶͣĴͿȡ

ʦ֮ḧϺı˵
Ϻ˦ֻӿҪʵ

Ϻ֪ľ仰ʵ
յĺǰ֮ģ˻أΪ֪֮Ǹֵиĺˣ
տڿ˵Ӳǰ֮ģ˵˭ģǽ֮ˣ֪Ůĺӵĸ˭ҪĿһɻܲ

֮ʦ壬̧յһҪ˵񣬶Ϻ˵ʦõģҵģԺչʦ㡣
ģվõԣ赭д˵֮㲻öǼұ̶ȡҰˣ˴£ҰΪҶ岻ãӦԼе
˵ţպȻ̾Ц֮ǼĿˣҪϸϲˡ
յȥ˵ģ֮Ѿ̫ˡ

ڻ԰ѺܾãһĻĻúˣˣ£̾Ϣ
ﺬᣬ̾գ㵹Ǹǰӵĸ˭㲻
ڲ֪Ů˭߰
ʣ˵ȥˡ

̧ͷ֮
ĿΣҲ
ת˲ţ뻨
Ͱ֮ʶ̫ˣ֪֮δйĶʱ̣һ붼ûУֻʦ㡣

Ҳϣӵĸǰ֮
ǲǡ
ӵĸǱ
ǲ˵˵˻Ȳ˵⡣
ΪǺˣǻˡ

Ҫˣ˵Ҳ˵ģӻ£ҾǺӵĸףⲻ͹𣿡

ϣϣ
ͻȻ󺰣ֻϺҡŵ۾ˡ

*

Ϻİ֢ȥ귢ֵģʱѾڡ
ִܹûѡҽԺƣѡѧУ顣
Ϊһӵ飬ҽԺʹĶȹӣϲ£ڽ̨Ͻѧ

˰ʱҩֹ⣬ǻȥ飬񻯵ٶ
ǿ֮ĩΪŮеͽҽԺһ˺ܶࡣ

ʱϺ軹δѣɫƣžʱߡ
տȥˣת߳
֮Ĩʦģתա

Ϸ
˲ТŮһӶԭԼ

֮׵ݸ·ɡ
̧ͷ֮ݹīɫװͻȻʧЦôӦûûӰ۵·ɣ
֮δĵ٩·ƽٴεݸ
ƿЦ˵治á
С֮˵
ҡͷǾܾҪ

ջˣƽҪϸЩ֮ȥñӸսˮݸ
űһڣˮƫȵģ̣ǰ֮ĸոպõ¶ȡ
ˮ
˫űŵˮ棬Ц⣬ӿ

ϣǰ֮İΪ֪֮жá
֮ΪԸԼΪҲΪ˸ס
ΪǵӰѧԺڣֵѧƴĵӰŬý͸֡
ΪһæȥæСŮⲿϷ㡣
ΪˣҪչ
Ϊкܶˣȥơ
ŤҰļͥﳤ󣬸ĸδذҸȴԶ
õİ֮ĺҪ

ֻ֮аٷ֮һϲԸ⡣
ûУһ㶼ϲ

Ǳģ𣿡
֮ƶĻ˵

վ̧ͷдšô֪֣С

չװףϣ֮ԱߣȻƿڡ׷棬ֻбݱΪˣʦܡ
˵ţ֮ˣתͷգģǿ𣿡

غͰ֮ӣĿ䣬ͷ·ֻҪͷͻȥұˡ

ǿ𣿲ɣư͡
һǰвĶˡ
йذ֮Ӧˡ

ǱϱܣҵĴϰ壬һ·չҹ˾𽥷չıϼš
չֶȫϲ̨棬˵
˽ҲޱȻҡ
ܶ˽ܲ٣̼թԼר˵Ůѡ
һܲˡ

һܺãȫʩҲˣֱԼڵһΣûʩˡ
Ǹ˼ã¡
ĺӣҪ¡

µĺǣϺӵĸǱοҪڴѧ¸صĸ׳Ǳ
ݣϡ

ûУտ϶ش𣬡ûǿҡ
֮յ۾Ƭ̺ջأûоͺá

*

Ϻϵʱ
󣬳˺˵⣬ûк˵ҲûкͰ֮˵ͷϡ

֮վϺĴʣʦʲôʲôࣿ
Ϻۣ

Աɳϣ˵¶֮ûϵʲô𰡣ҷˡ
˵գ

òģصʵԼСǿġ
븸ҲЩңΪǸ׸֮Щչϼ֮ĻΪҲǱ׽ñӰΪ

˵£ҳеûϵߣ֣Ƕ룬Ҫ⹫ˣ𣿡
Ϻۣȴ˵һǲˣղǲǰѻѹˣ

Ϻ谮һӵĻﻨ԰ЩҲϺԵġ
ͦεģѹɣû£Ժ
ϺۣˣҲֲ˭

֮˵ʦµġ
Ϻ費˵ֻ˵ѹҲҪˡ

̾˿վ˵֮ȥ򻨰ɣҰֶ衣
ղֵµʱѹ˺ܶ໨󣬿϶ҪΪԹһ

ҲУãǰֻȥתһȦ˵лˣϲòУ˵ȥɣȥɡ
֮ʣʦԼ⣬𣿡
Ц̫ˣȥȥɡ

*

ʱۺͽڱ

ϱŮϷݣ֮˼٣ģϵƬ˲СƢ߶ʧ߶֮ˣƣ߶󹤣Ϊ֮ûϷǰչˡ
ǰչҲûʱ۸
չʱҲûôԷЦ

ŽںڵУʱرעоʱ۲ˣȥ˪˪˽ʱ۵
˪˪Ҳż˵ʱۻؾƵ귿ġ

ʱŮӣָնʮ꣬չ˵ôãûܹʲô˺챻֮òᣬ䲻ԴëʱۣҲӰڶ㡣
˪˪ܲԼʱ۳

ʱۻģΪ뵽Ůյܸˡ
ͻŮ£ʵˣʱ۹仨ԸԼѡ





41.  41   1.26Ҹ˭һ䡭

ʱȻ԰֮, ûԽԻҲȤʹӦһ䡣

ҲΪϰĵ, ͱͬϰ塣
ƽ󣬷ȥ, ɫʻʢã˱ǡ
ϣЩĵƹ, Щǰģ֮䣬ЩţЩ, С
ʱ߽˲, ۾ˣĻ

ʱ۵ȻΪĻ, ű

ʱڻ, ֻС۷Ƶ, ȥͣ۷ƵĵŻϵıע֡
Ʒ̫ˣЩҲܺ, л棬̫ˡ

磬ʱۻͷʽ㶼ϲЩѽ㡣
ĻԼ廨, ѡֻܶԼһߡ
ҲֱӰߣؼԼ

Ц˵Ҷ, ˾ͺãҪؾƵ𣿡
ʱæҡͷ
ţΪʲô
ʱ˵ѧ⣬Īˣ˵ҺˮˣȻһľзҲˣ﷽棬ҿ̫ܲС

ʱŮӣʵʣܲ³ʱЩ
Ǿ㿴ɣ˵ÿĻؾƵҲãܺãǱƿģֱӴؼҡ
ʱˣ۵ġ
ЦҡͷѿģȽ˽⡣

ʱ۵ͷˣǾչһ½ѵ⣬㻨ȥ;ɣϣ

˲࣬ǽӵǻߴϰµĵժʵĻš
ϣ˾͸ˣȥһҲ߸ڡ
ʱ۲±ϳӴֲժ˿濴

ʱţߵһŵƵĻԣǰɫĻȫš
ʱפ֣ͣС¹⻨
ĽǣֻϿͬ¹һ

ʱվͷ֣磬軨¹⻨ֻϿG
ǳϲ˷ܵؽŽ

̧ͷʱۣʱûСЦݸɾ˷дƯ۾ġ

뽭һ̧ͷʱ۵ģиսİ֮

֮վһǰʱ۵Ľѭķ򣬿ʱۡ
ʱЦݶԽţЦݿ˻ճۣͬ

ʱۣʣֻϿĻôر𰡣
ʱ˵ǰ㿴

ףǽ𣿡
ûϳʱ۵ϳ˽

ձҲſ֣˲࣬Ҳժˣѣ;ֱ߹ȥ

ҲڰЦŴк

ʱͬʱա

պ˺죬￴Щ⣺ǰþûˣô𣿡
ðôȻţ˵Ҳˣ𣿡

պѼ䣬ʱۿŵװס
װףǰ֮ġ

ʱ̧ͷվԶİ֮

ԭٲģΪҪա
˵ղ¹ϵ
ȴƵϷտ

ʱ۵ͷ֪ԼɾҪҪըˡ

*

պͽһſŮӡ
ŮӴһɫñղžһֱûע⣬ڿŮӵ۵ģƯģ۾

˲䣬վȵ۾

ⲻʱ
ʱôͽһ仨

ϴμʱۣڱſڡ֪֮ڰЩʲôʱŭڵسᡣ
ʱ֪Ͳʱ۵Ľ֮ʱ۵ĲͬȤ֮ôʱСġ
֮δټʱۣһֱΪʱۺͰ֮չûԣȴ¿ʱ۾ͽһ仨

մӾȵ𽥱ζĿ⣬ܣˣλʱۣⲿϷŮǣչ磬͹

ʱΪ󱲣Ӧʺã̧ͷò˵ʦá
˼صͷҼǵʱۣá
ʱ΢Цû˵

δʱ۵Ĺϵɺ棬ʣǣ
֪ˣʧЦ˵ʦᣬҺʱֻͬ¡

ʱ۶䶯˶ʶԼˣȦһһŮǺױġ
ˣ´Ҫע࿼ǣȻױᡣ
һĵͽ棬ٱ֮ţ۽ˡ
С͸Ǵǡ

ʱ˼䣬ȻϷʰЦ˵ӰۣѽϷˣΪӰ仨԰
仰ķǰǰ֮߹ˡ

֮һֱڿʱۣŽñӣվڽࡣ
Ҫȴʱⶥñӡ
ʱ۴Ķɫţп㣬վţͺ仨¡
֮΢£ס

ʱû̧ͷԿ߽֮ǰ߷Χڡ
֮ƤЬյ˶Ьվһϡ
ʱ룬䡰ӰӰ仨԰Це֪ˣⲻԶ׼ġӰӰ仨԰

ǡ֮ȴ˵
ʦˣҽԺ˼٣֮ɤ컺̨Ļ˵ʦ˻԰ѹ˻Һʦʦ֮ǰá

֮͵úϸͺڿ͸˭
бû̧ͷʱۣ֪֮Ӧڽ͸ʱ

ͷգڻ𣿡
̾ʱʱϣɡ

һҺһȥڰɡ˵
΢Цû£ãҰƢҲ֪Ͳϲ˰ˣͳҪԺѧУϿˣⱲӶҪǿ

˵ˣҪϢʱ򡣡
ҡͷĲ֪չ壬顣չ壬ˡ飬岻С

ʱòԾĹϽڣ֪Ͻǵʲô
⹫ϽǶͬºѣԼǵ⹫Ͻ岻̫á

ʱŻȥ⹫绰ʱ˽һ£ĵԱ߹ѯʣҪæܻʲôϲƫҪѡ𣿡

ʱۼǵøտ¹⻨ر̧ͷʣ¹⻨
ͬʱĻа֮¹⻨

ʱۣ
ԩ·խġ

ʱ۱죬˵ˣ֮Ҳ밲

¹⻨ֻϿŵģ״Խ¹⻨Աʱۣ֮ʣһ𣿡

ͬʱش𡪡
˵ǡ
˵ǰɡ

ͬʱ˵෴ĻԱеͷԣ󿴿ҿ֪ô졣

һġ֮

ԱǸ˵˼λЩ¹⻨ѾȥˣҪҪɻˣ˵ĻǴһĻƴһӦÿԸǶλƴһƴ

ʱѾҪˣҪò˵Ҫˡ֮ȳҲˣɡ
ָʱۡ

ʱֻʩᣬ̧ͷԵԱ΢ЦҲҪˣлл
ȻʱǿŵԱ˵仰仰Ƕ԰֮ԡҲҪʣµġ

Ա
ʲôеѸ㰡

ʱ۱Ūĺܷ˲ò⣬̧ͷʵԱãϴּģ
Աָ˸˵ֱߵǰõ廨Ƕת¥¥ת
ʱۣлл

ʱתͷԽ˵磬ȥϴּ䣬ȹš
ٶò˵ʦȹš

ΨûͰ֮˵ʱƹ֮ȥϴּ䡣

*

ʱƵϴּϴ֣ϴ֮˵
һӵŭ޴й׾ǰ֮

ʱʲݵغ֣Ż˪ֱϣֱ߲߳ȥ
һ˫ƤЬӭ
ʱϳ˫ƤЬ˭û̧ͷĪȥһš

϶ԼҲʹ죬׼̧ÿ̧Ь֮һ̧ţĽżϡ
ʱ͵̧ͷײϰ֮ͷ
֮ʱ۵Ľš

ǸҲġ֮ͣǸ
ģǸţ̧ʱҲ̧¡֮һƺ𣬡šһƵģ̵ġ
ʱ۲ȵ˰֮Ľţ֮һƺߣʹ

ĻҺܶ࣬ʱ۵Ьմ˻ңһŲڰ֮ĽϣһЬӡڰ֮ĺɫƤЬϡ

ǸҲġʱͬĻǸ
Ȼ·
ʼû̧ͷ

֮ñӣҲ˳
֮üס

ʱšü㿪ֵ֮˹

ʱͷŭɣʲô

ʱ۶ǲͷֱ˺˰֮Ƶġ

֮ð˫ۣĿ⣬𽥱˵Ƭڼල㣬㡣

ʱۣ
ʱ۾ð֮ĪôͻȻܵϡ

ϷΪͶĿ֮ͣҵⲿϷҲΪƬֻ꣬ǰѶѡ

ʱҶðȫûͷʣ˵˵ÿ𣿡





42.  42   1.27Ų£󲻵á

֮ؿʱ, Ĳͷ뿪ļж
ֱ, ֮Ҳա

ʺ㡣֮ڽ仰˵
ʱɲʺţ

˭ʺ, ܵ
ʱЦҵľԼûǩ㡭
˵ţʱۺȻЦˣƲŻ˪, ʣŶϰ壬˵˵ôͲʺأ

֮һαʱ۵Цݻ
СЦ۾г, С¶˳, аݵĵСѣɰ, ִ, һߵľѰ

֮, ظһɣ̫󡣡
ʱۣ

֮Լ˵꣬ɻ
ͬꡣ

ʱۺȻڶµİ֮ͦ˼ģֲŻ˪, ͷЦЦ绨ЦЦŷʮ꣬󡣡
֮Ĭ

ʱۺЦ, ߿ĵ˵˾䣺ɱ̫ˡ

ıȽϣ֮ݿ, ͵ߵʱǰס

ʱû

ɱ̫ˡ仰ð֮ʧ˿ء

Ȼ֮ʧصĿȣƺԼĽϾٰ仯Ŀ⣬ȴȻ˵
Ҫץסʱ۵֣Ҳ̧¡

ʱٴο˰֮ϴŵ
Ϊʲôţ
ʱ΢΢㶡

Ȼֵ֮ס
ʱü̧ͷҪʲô

֮ʱŨĲͷ
СҲ¶ţǺ޲Ҫҧ

ҪԽкøС˵

ʱ۱֮Цˡ
ʲôţ˵仰ģ

ʱתЦ
֮üͷʱЦûкס

ʱ΢ЦƫͶкøУʦܵ𣿡
ʱЦӯӯԴ𣺡˼ܲŶ

Ҳϴּ䣬ʱۺͰ֮ſվţʱЦţ֮Ŀš
Ŀᴹվ۰̧֮ͷʱ߹ȥ

ߵʱǰ΢Цſʱۣл˵
ʱ۵ͷʦ˵
˵ϴ˵ҹܺѣ㻹ǵ˵֮ѣϲңһֱŮѡ

ʱͻȻ©һġ
׿˵Ͱ֮һֱŮѣ
ǰ֮ΪʲôһδΪ£Ϊʲô
ֻΪϲԴ˵ھܾ

տʱ۶ǡΪʲôɻΪʱɻΪʲô˵Щ˵û£ϴûüͣҪ˵

ʱʶƣ䵽Ķϡ

պݣ˵ŮǶݣ£ȥ΢ŮҪһЩ
洩ſ·װף忴Ȼݡ
ϸܿɵ·΢¡ĶӶһСȳ

ţǻˣ˵Ӳǰ֮ģֻǰҴڻѡ
΢ЦʱۣʱۣԱ˵һеº𣬺ӵİְֻ֪

ʱۣ
ҲͰ֮ģ

֮ΪʲôЩƭ

ʱԽգİ֮֮û˵ֻԳĿ⿴
Ŀʲô˼

ʱ۶յͷõʦҲͱ˵
٣һ˰Խܵˣʱ˵ʦġ

ŵʯͷˣǣ֮ܰʱ۷չʲô̶ȣΪ֮ʱ֮ĸҡ

ˣɵ˵ȥɣǶ㡣
Ŷԣȥҽˣʦټʱ۵ͷҴǰߣҪȥҽϡ

*

򻨵İ֮գû򻨣뿪
֮ջҽԺһ·ԡ

ͣͣû³Ű֮

Ϩ𣬰֮˳ֱ۴ڴϣƫŴ⡣
ɫѰϮ֦ҡҷڰҹ͸ǳ

յͷԥ룬վ˵ڣú׷ʱ۰ɡ

֮ʱ֣ۡ÷̵Ķֹͣ
޴·붨

ǰʱڽЦ̣ʱ۶ᣬҲʱϲ
˵׷ˡ

̲ס̾ϢŹԼɣŲµĹȥ˺ʱۡ
֮ԡ

ãջ˸˵ڶʱۣʲô飿

Ų£󲻵á
ã˵

֣һ˲䣬ղʶ֮ϲʱǸС

Ӧ÷ʱۣȥϲŲ£ʱۺͱһ
ҪʱۣΪԼ䡣

۵ӳźҹİ֮֮һԶ޷߳ҹˡ
˵Ҳˣ󲻵ãŲ¡

˵֮ƿʱۣͲһ죬ϲϱ𣿡

֮ǰʱۺͽദ棬ﱾûжٵĹ⣬

*

ʱڱ˺ö໨ؾƵ󣬸߸˵˺ܶƬ
Ż㣬һ˯ú㣬һһӵȥ˲١

а֮˵ЩֻǾܾĽڡ
ǰ˲ϲŮˣӦʲôѻ˵óģˣҲȥˡ

ϣʱ۳극ױȥƬ·ϣֿˡ

ҪĵȻŮĶϷǳһϷƬͣͣǰ֮ƾʢݳƷ̳ϰѽõġ
Ͻģ֮ͣҲǲԾɵʧ֮˿»Ǻܵ

ʮ㣬ͣ
ʱķܴͣͣ߹հزſ鸽

ʱƿţ³̧ͷͻȻͱһĻϲˡ

ö໨
һ

ʱ۾ػͷ˪˪˪˪㣬ĲȻлͣΪʲôл
˪˪Ҳأû˵л

ʱۺ˪˪վڳԱߣһƬ
̺ĸɫĻУ˱ǣΪƫͣůķΧƴʱڱͣ⻨

⻨ʱ˼Ȼһת߽˿ɫõ⣬¹⻨
һ¹⻨ûеƹ⣬¹⻨Ŀţ¹⣬ɾá

˭ģһ
ʱۻͷվЦ¹⻨

ʱ´ʣϵģ
ЦʱСѣҷеϲװɵ
ʱŵ촽Ц˵ʵȿȥлл佱

ʱƶ죬СƵġ
ʱ۵ЦЦһĪá

ջת˼ʱ۵Ŀת򻨣˵Ӱģ˵ǺĳСĬĬͻġ
ʱۣ
Ȼǰ֮ģ֮ʲô˼

϶ΪϲͻΪϲΪʲô
֪նûʵΪԼ˵ĻѻⲻȥͻǸ

ʱӣͻȻ͸о̫Ũˡ
Ŷʱ۵ӦȻתͷұϵ磬ϵ𣿡

ŮӲúӲԹԵ˵¹⻨ͻȻô࣬ưӰ۰Ѹص¹⻨ˡ
ʱšüëò˵

ˡ

ʵΪ֮˵Ͼ֮
վĴѧ飬˽֮ϲһŮӺܲףҲ˽֮ƺʲô˽֮šʲôһֱûжʱ۽ʲôԲ֮˵仰
Ȼʱ۲һףҲͲˡ

󣬽ʱۣ⻨ѡȥô죿
ʱĿԽõ廨¹⻨ͦΪѵ˵ν¹⻨еرġ
Ϊʲôǰ֮İҪ֮Ķ

еЦô죿
ʱ룬óֻ˵ɣ磬ҰǮת㣬תӰ£
湻ġ
㡣˵

ʱ۰Ǯתȥ̹ˡ
ͷ˪˪˪˪æ¹⻨ų̨֮ʣ׼ġ

ⳡʱۺͽĶϷ֮ûٳƬ
ʱʶػͷ˺üΧ֮û๤ƵĶţĪ˵ʲô

֮ļ죬֮ҲûûµƬˣϷʱ׼ʱ󣬺ܿߣʱ۵۾Ͷ徻˲١
ʱۻصƵ꣬ή¹⻨ˡ
ɴŻƿӵˡ

ʱۺþòˣͻȻų˶˪˪Գ¶˽⣬֪ųĻйأλûȥ˪˪͸ʱ˲ȥԡ

ͺƽҲ̽ʱۣʱι˺öóԵģʱ۱ιֱӳ˶
ǰǺֵģڶһȻˣʱеš

ֳֳӣʱ۴Ļûȥֿʼء
˶͸¶һɷ

*

ҪĵϷʱ˵ǷǳսһϷ

ⳡϷھɷϷŮɷӵ飬ͻȻŮֶ
ɷö꣬ҲΪǿŸУŮҪס

ϵΪܹʱʵı֣ȰԼһֻؽ¹ʵ顣

¹ܱտռ䣬Ͱ֮棬һֻ
ʱҪϢˡ

ǱϽʱвеʱʱûбʾС
Ͻܻ׷һ䣬еĻͲ

ʱ֪ĵӰҪϸ񣬺ܶʱӵľͷҪĺܶ飬ΪԼжӰϷͷ˵û⡣

ɷʱһǿɾϵͷΪԼ׼
󣬺£Ҫ˷

֮ٳδ

ʱ컹⹫绰ϽڵϽڵûôãûܳԺư֮ҽԺ㴲ˡ

*

ʱ۲ϵظԼ׼Լ˷Ͱ֮Ϸ¡
֮ٳδ
֮ǰǲŵĽȴ絽ˡ

һҹϷɷһƬڰ
ɷɳģ⣬ʱ۶һ׼
ʱĺܽţʱ۹ԴڹһĻˣʱķʱ۶ĺëһ
ܿʱĺ

ƫƫʱϽܻһ˹͸Уһֻȥ
ǽҪɫˣϽ˽з£ʱ˵ȺϤϤɣǵ

ʱۣ
ֻȻ֡

ʱۿȫëѾʱϽˣǸ磬
ǸʮˣЦ԰£ͰСèҧ˵ġ
ʱۣ
ΪСܵû찡һܺͲӡ

ʱԶԶģǵӡ
Ȼ£ʽ磬ǲĹˮϷҲ𣿡

м٣Ǹݲϵô棬˵ԱһУʲôܻɡҪԱɡ

ʱ߶ˣ⹫ְ֣нǶϷʱԹˣȻҲҪǿ롣
ʵԱԱʱ˵Ұ̤̤ʵʵݺÿһϷҲ

ţˣת𣿰룿
ʱֽҡͷҲ룬С
֩𣿡
¡
šŮµĶ࣬ʣʲôµ𣿡
ʱ˵УҲ²Ӭ






43.  43   1.28Ҫҡ

Ե, վ˵ȥʵݣɲŲӬ, 󡣡
ʱæ˵ҿԵ, ҲϷ

ͷʱۣʱ۽ƬڣѾ÷ס
ܺ¡˵
ʱͷ˵ҿԿ˷ġ
ΣǴСô𣿡
Աߵ˪˪˿ڣſ, ۱ܴӳ쿪ʼһֱôˣûһεġ

ʱǼС
ͷһŮ˵еѣĳЩŮģ϶, ڼ

ʱ׼, ߲ʱؿʱ䣬֪֮Ϊʲôٳٲ
ʱҪĺµϷ, ֮Ӧǰ
Ͻ岻̫

, Сʱ, ʱڱױʦŲױʱӰ۰֮ٳٶ󻹸һƯŮ
Ͱ֮߹̺ıСá

ʱ۴ӻױʦĸ첲, ıСá
СôźƯȹӣƮƮģ߽ͬʱ·ɷࡣ

ΪСúͰ֮ͬ, Ƭܶ˽ʲôϵΪʲôһ
ʱ۴, ֽû̧ͷ
ղŻ᲻Ͻڽˡ
ԭϽˣ֮ǺͱСһ

Ͻܶ˰ܾ֮ãڰ֮󣬾֮ô£ǵôʱ䣬ϽҹʱۣʱҲ

ҪϷˣʱ̧ͷ߹ȥߵϽǰ
֮Ҳ˹ʱۣʱ۴ĳ䳤㣬Լܿںڶ˽ܷ⣬Ӧȥ

𣿡ʵںµĻɷ־ģǰ飿
ʱûֻ֨ͷݡ

֪֮ʱ۲Ǽʱۣ㺦£ҾͲõݷȥ
ʱûû

ˣϵáСʱҲ˹վڰ֮ߡ
Ͻܲʣôˣ
Сô˵Ϊҡ
֮ϣĮϵ
ʱۣ
ȻоСúԼ

СñϣҲûвˣŤͷֺʱ۴кˣúá
ʱ۸оԼλСѾѧҵǱ󣬽һáû⣬ʱ۾Īϲ

ʱ̧ͷ΢Цʦá
С˵û꣬Сͺá

ʱĲò˵С
֮ٴδʱۡ

֮еôţ˷ֲָ˭
ʱ۲СãñСòʱۡ

֮촩õĴ磬һʦӢװ΢䡣
Сþͺ֮С࣬Ưȹվڰ֮ߡ
ô֮ȷʵڶԱС˵ñСòʱۡ

ʱۺȻЦˣԱС˵ԣС㣬ʦ˵Ķԣҡ
֮üʱۣ˵

˺ˣϽܸղڷ籾ûʱۣþ籾⼸˵ĺѣҸһϷȻ׼

ʱۣ˵㲻ᡣ֮˱Ͻ˵Ȼ仰ʱ۽
ˣٵԭҲȥ˱ͱ̸鵢ˣǸҳġ

Ͻܣ
֮أ

ʱ۶԰֮Ľ̫ͣӦ
룬ԭСԭбᡣ
Сô𣬾һֱ˽СãһΪСþͽбСá
֮ԱСõԭǵõǺ

С֮͵Ļɵϸʱۡ
ղûϸʱۣſʱ۳úۺСո߿Ƶġ
֮ΪʲôСôࣿ

ΪʲôҪôడСֱֱȥӣ¾ץ֮첲
֮

Сõֱߡٿʱۡ
ʱûͰ֮ʱ۾ֻڿݡ
ʱ۵۾Ưġ

ιãСõȲ֮Ļشֱ첱ʱۣͰ֮ʲôϵѽ
ᣬȥ֮Ѳá

Сòȥ԰֮ɵز˵ôװҲ˻𡣡

Сö԰֮һʱĪԼðˣܡ

СòʵߺŸͷΧ
˽彭֣ඣ˧硣

кţСˡ
ڽĿʶ

Сȸߴߴ˵Ҹ֮һģ뿴Ϸģ
֪СúͰ֮²ϷҪ⣬ҲűСϲ֮

⿴֮ʱۡ
֮üվǶ
ʱǴͷվǶ
Ҳ֪СôӶôߴߴġ

ˣСקܶڵأҪϷˡ
ɱС˦վذ֮ߣҲҪ֮Ϸ
ˣ

ҪĵϷŮӺһֻڹŮ²ѡ
ڹ⣬ŮٺҲҪͣŮҪ

ڽǰϽʱۣʱۣһ飬еĻͲⳡ顣ȻʵӦҲǱģⳡϷ԰ɡ
Ͻܽڶ߸ʱۣȺĻ棬Ҳ

찡Ҫ󣿡ϷıСþȺСãɣҵţҶƤСãɡ
Сñż򣬺˼Ƥ񣬽ʱϽܣϵ÷ǰѰ׸Сùһʵɣ̫ˡ

ʱ׸硱֣ͻȻ﷢ɬ
ɬԴ硣

ô˽ʦһ˽硣
׸磬ܵİ׸硣
ʱ۵ͷԾҧ촽

֮ʱۣȰ˵£ͲҪˡ

ʱ۲оûֻ֮ԱϽܾǿ˵ϵҿԡ
ǿС;ǿ

аɣϵһˣʱӡ
ʱ۵ͷá

*

һ׶ΣȿʱǷӦͰ֮ͬһܱտռ䡣
˹񲻴󣬰߽֮ȥվࡣ
ʱ߽ȥվҲ࣬ۡ

ԱŹϡ
һƬڡ

ʱۣ죬ǰȫڣκι
̧ǰ˻Σܷ񿴵ԼֵӰӡ


ʱ۷ԼĺӦܱջ
ģԱ֮߰ĺ

վԱߣһδѹŵ೤
۾йٱŵϵѩľ㡣
ѩľ㣬ѩ䣬ľʸС

ʱۺͣһ£ٸϵζ
۹۱ǣǹۿڣڹġ

ͬʱ֮ĺ𽥿Ʋסıء
ʱͬһܱտռǼ䶼ϵζ
ζŮӶе˵

ۣ֮ǿԼܺͲϵζ

һ˵ҪҺͱᡣ

ʱ졣
ڤ룬ҲΪʲô͡
ĺܷ˵

òʱ۵ĻӦ֮ת˹
ڰ֮УӵĹ֮ʱ۵ĸ첲

ʱ֮ǰ׼ûбŵĪӿ졣

֮ͷںڰ𽥴ףƣʱۣҪҡ
ĺʱ۵Ķ;䡣





44.  44   1.29ϲˡ

ʱķ, Ҫô
¹ĺС㣬Ҳ㲻, ϢΧΧ

ʱ۸о֮˫Χ˹Ȧס
, ƺ̽Ľ

ʱۺе㼱ˣ̧˭֪ȥ, ȴպš

ʱæջ֣֮ȴץסְ˻ȥ
ʱ˲ͺˣӲس֣ıȵϰ֮, ֮Ȱס֡

ûʲô𣿡֮ʹŵ廷š
, ʱ۸ܵˣ֮, ÿ졣

ʱе㲻ȷ, ְ, ø
Ľĺܿ죬ˣˡ

, ಡ𣿡ʱ۲ŵ˵
֮ЦЦ

ʱ۶䶼ˣϽ֣ɰ֮ǲſ
ſҡʱ

֮ſ, շſһ̣ͱס֡
ʱδϵǣ, ָⱻһ£ֱһˡ

ʱû֮ôߣǣ֣𽥿ͷҪҺͱᣬҺͱûκιϵ

ڰ·綼Ѳڣֻ˵ͺ
ʱ۵һʶԼĺ£ûƿ

ҲҪϲ
ķ˵

֮ħʱһ̣Ȼоϲ

ʱૣΪʲôҪ˵Щ
ѵҪ˵ϲ𣿡˵棬ʱ۵Ѿˡ

֮û̻ش
һ룬룬룬ʮ룬֮Ĭš
ʮ룬ʮ룬ʼûлش

ſңʱﶼŭ⡣
һδЩΪʲôȵΪʲô
ĥ𣡾ĶȤζ
֣֮ûſ

Ҫƹųȥˣ֮ſң
֮š

ʱ۲ٹǷǣֱ֣һֻƿš
ǳ˽𽥱
֮ɿ֡

ŹŶ򿪣Ͻվڹǰ
Ͻ˵Сû˵ʲô
ûʱʱԳղ˵ʱҲûǰš
Ϊʱ۳аȫУһֱ

𣿡Ͻʡ
ʱ΢Ц·ʲôûѽϵû⣬ɡ

о֮ʱ֮ʲôü߹˵׸磬һˣŶء
˵ţ§˰֮ĸ첲

֮ڱ§첲һ룬üƿ֣ᣬء

ɱȻЦ
֮˵ʲôںĽȥϹ˵׸磬֮ǰҲأôҶѽ

֮ʱۡ
ʱûתˡ

֮Ѹ׷ʱۣʱۣ˵
ʱޱ˦ʦǸһ㡣

*

ڶ׶Σ
ϽٴηѯʱǷԣ뷢ʱ۱ſ֮£ǿ
ʱ۶ܲµְֺ⹫Ǻͱϵ˵ñϵչ㣬뱻չˣԾɵͷ˵ԡ

ʱۺͰ֮½
˾治κ졣

һƬڰ䣬Ƭ̹󣬹Ŵ򿪣һO@죬˽

ʱ׼ʱǱŵáһ̴٣ͽ졣

֮ľǿʱۣˣȥòã
ʱûлӦ
@@ĭ
ʱ۽ҧ
ܵʱ۵Ŀ־;ǿ֮ںڰס֡

ʱ
֮֡

Һͱûκιϵ
֮˵ڱǽ֪ġϴμᣬߺ̺Ĵƻϡ֮⣬Һûκϵ

֮͵ú
ǰκ˽ͣν벻ţνᡣ
ںʱ۽š
ʱ۲ţʱᡣ

ʱĪоԼðˣûôˡ
ע»صܱտռ

ţ֨֨֨УҪˡ
֮תס

ʱ۶Ҫˣҧ촽Լ˲Լ֮ţʶ˫Ȼ˰֮ϡ
֮ʱۺȻסˡ

ڵܣʱ۱ŵòͣ
ȫ֪Լʲô֪֮ʱÿһŶڲȡ
֨֨֨ĽУʱɤ﷢ˡ͡šֿԼҪг
ڰ֮ܱ֮ĥ
ˣʱŶں·Ҷһһ
֮ϵ˳

ʱۺ·Ҷţ֮
ڿͣ֨֨֨ʱŵץͷʹ

֮ҧԱ¡
ʱôܲ£ѾˣԿǻ˵Һ¡
֮Գȥ
ʱȴ
֮

󲻽֨֨֨ĽУ˳Ű֮֮оҪʱˡ
ʱۣŵ˵Աȥ
ʱۣҲ¡
֮
еЦá

ʱۣԣȥ󣬡֮ٶȵ˵ˡ
֮˵꣬ͬһʱ䣬ʱۡһгӰ֮ϱȥ˳ȥ

ĹԱĶأͻȻͿʱۡܳʶϳҪȥʱôſ֮ҵͷȫһס
淢ʲôˣ֮ͷôأ

ֻǲˣſڰ֮ϡ
˸æȥק
֮ݲָ߳Ӹǰȥʱô

ʱѾܹȥס˪˪ҧ˪˪·ᶼ˳˵

ǰȥʱ۵ģʱɫǰ׵ģᣬ廹ڶ
ģΪʲôھ籾дϷ
Ϊʲôʱۻǿͬģ

Ͻܿʱ۱ŵģҲʱۣʱۣҪˣ

˪˪§ʱۣѾ䡣
ѾܱϽǷǴݣűϽܡ

ϵ̾ѣҲ֮ǰǸʱ˺üأҲ˵ԲˣʱԼ󰡣

ǸϵСʣ˪˪ҪôʱȥϢϢɣζʱˣֻİ֮ɣü
ʱųôĵ

§˪˪ʱۣȴܾˡ
ʱ۳ҭ̧ͷϹᣬԱϽܾǿ˵ϵҿԡ
Ͻܣ

⡭Ͻѯʵؿ˪˪
˪˪ͷ۵ؿ֮

֮ղűʱҵͷѾʦŪá
վھͷ󣬾ʱۡ

ġ
ã֮˵ʱ۵ģʱ˵㡣

*

ʱôǿʵԱϽ˵Ǻ¡
ϽΪݣҲϣʵ£ʱıݣϣڵӰԺĹڣʱ۵ı۳Ϸ֡

ٴ飬֮վڹʱ߽ȥš
ǰڰ

ڰУ֮ʱ۵
Ƭ̺󣬹ſС죬ǵŽ

˲䣬ʱ۵ֹͣ
֨֨֨ûκ졣

û˵Ȧߣƹ֮Ьƹʱ۵Ь
֨֨֨ʱۣ֮ϸʱ۵졣

󣬰֮ʱ۴̵Ŀ
ҧһҭһ۵ĳҭ

֮̾ʱۣµĻǳȥ
ʱ۲˵ֻҧޡ

ʱ֮ۡ
Ҫ
ʱۻſ죬ʵһ

֮ںڰۣôô󡣡

ʱ۵Ĺִһ죬Ǻܶˡ
ִô׷֮

ʱоȵЬϣſǻ˵ܲҡ

֮ޣ۵ĺܡ
ת̧˫סʱ۵Ķ䡣

ʱµľ֨֨֨߶ͻȻס˲ʧ
ͺѾ˴ߣǻһӾͣסûôˡ

֮ƿʱ۵Ķ䣬䣬Ҳ
ʱ۵Ǳģ֮ģ۵ġ

ʱ۸ܵǣ֮ȵģůģЩ΢ʪ

ӺС֮˶˹վǰŵϵϤζ΢ѩľ㡣
ҲܵݹİȫУİȫС

ˣʱ۽侲¶ȡ

ܹ
Ϊʲôϣ

֮ϲˡʱۺȻ˵

֮ĵ¶ͻȻ
Ҳڶ

ʱͻȻ۾Ҫˣ𽥵ͷ

ʹ̧ͷ
ϲ˭Ҫϲ˭ǽ





45.  45   1.30۱Σҡ

ʱ۾ķ, ܷܷǰԣҾϲ

֮û˵

ʱ۵ľƢˡ

Ʒܺ, Ȧû˵һ䲻õĻǿĺá
Ҹоů, ߣҺаȫС
Һȣейޡ
δ, Ҫ飬Ҫ

ˣ֮ڿڡ

ʱۻûͣ£˵ôô, Һϲ

ʱۡ
֮ҧ, 뿴

·ѹž޴, Ｗĥ, һһ˵Ҫϲ

ʱûв֮ʧصķ, ੲݵش̼ңϲ˭Ҿϲһررϲö, 

ͻȻ촽ͻȻһȡ
֮סеĻ

ܹǣǿƵǡ
һ, ޿ƣѸ˿ĴͰеع˽

ʱ˶µ, ǰǺڰģǾģϢҲ
عƲ

ʱ۷ơ
Ʋһʧǡ
ʱ۱ǵͷ֮ٴ׷ſͣ׷

ʱۿ촭֮ĴſҪͻȻૣҪϲʱۣҪϲ

ʱ۱۾Ử

֮Ȼͣ¡
Ĵָգʪᡣ

ԲԲ𡣡
֮ˣš

ʱûжۣһ

ΪʲôΪʲô۸ҡ
һһε۸ҡ

ʱ۵ڲʡ
ҶϲˣΪʲôҡ

ţһߡ
֮쵰

֮գϵ᲻ϵӿ£ʪָ
Բ𣬶Բ𡣡

֮һ˵ģµģڵġ
ޣСѣޡ

ʱᡰСѡ֣ǳǳᡣ
ʱƫͷ˺󣬶Ĵ

ֲ֮ÿڲϵᡣ
ʱģ޵ģʹģӿ֣ң

֮ӵֽס
֡

ʱڿޣѹſ
˵ϲȴ˵û͹ȴԺ󣬻һֱʲô
۸

ʱۿ˵֮Ϊʲô۸ңΪʲô۸ңһδ۸ҡ

ҴˣҵĴ
֮۵÷裺Сѣޣ˺òá

֣
СѣСѣ֣
ִǵǵȴһδ˺

ʱۿźҲʲôСѣҪٽСѣ
Ҳʶ㣬Ҳ֪С˭ԶҲٽСѣ
ʱֻۣʱۣ

ʱ˵ЩͺںиȥԶĨȥ
ûСѣû磬ʲôûУҲС

ʱ۷˷裬޺ţʲôƨСѣûйûڹûУ

֮ҧ
ĨȥСѴڹҲڹ

ʱ۵Ŀһһһػ
ҧأסѿҪ̲ס

ʱ۵ĺСûɿڣᶨ˵ô룬ӽ쿪ʼСûˣˡ

֮޷͡
СѲܲڣԱĨҲԱĨ

Сѣ˺ܴѹԼվ˵仰Сѣڹ
ڣˣСѣ磬֭磬Ҽǵ㣬һֱǵ㡣

쵰쵰ʱ־˹ȥ
֮ƫ˵ǣǻ쵰

ʱȫڶ
ΪʲôΪʲôǵȴһδηϣһδ۸
ҧԼķŭȥ

ܱտռʱѹֵĿͰ֮ĺͲš
û˵

ãʱۿ˿ڣ侲ʦ
˫ֽ߬ȭͷ˵ûЩƺҲʶЩˣ졣

ھܾܾ䣬ܾȥ


ۣ֮ѹôõĸ飬Ҫܲסˡ
ʱҪȥÿҪȥ
֮ã˲䣬ס֣ס

ʱһ
֮Ҳ𽥱죬޷ܣʣʱۣ˵ϲ𣿡

ǰʱ˵ϲҾϲ

֮ҧˣʱۣǸ㲻Ҫ˵ʶңҪ˵ϲңҪϲˡ

ʱȥϲ˭ſҡ
󱳣ɿֺ󣬴

ȭͷƴڰ֮Ϻϣ·оۡ
ֻظૣҪϲңҪϲˡ

ʱ۴ûҲΪʲôҪΪʲô
ʹؿţǺ۸ΪʲôҪôңΪʲô

Сѡ
ʱ̧Ҫȥ˵㲻Ҫôңֲϲң

ϲ㡣֮˵

ʱͻȻס

֮жԭȫûˡ
Щ꣬еļᶨɢˡ

֮ӵסһס°ͷϣૣҪϲңҪϲˣϲ㣬ϲңòãϲҡ
ĵߣˣһǻ޷أϲ㣬ûвϲ㣬ϲ㡭

ʱ۷·ʧš
ϲң

ôܣôϲ
һһƿ˵ϲ

㲻ϲҡ
ʱ۲ţҪţš
ȥ֮ſңҪȥ

֣֮§ס
ңʱۻֲڸԼϴԣ˵ģҲϲˣϲˣҲϲ㣬ſңſҡ

ư֮ƿ֮壬ư֮ıף

Ҵˡ
֮§ſֺҴˣСѣˡ

ʱ硱ĸ֣ٴ£ҧס촽Լ޳

ҪϲҪϲκˣҪϲҡ

ܲˣܲԱЦܲȥˡ
ܲˣӵ
վ˽ˡ

ʱڿ޳̧֣ץס·ץţΪʲô۸ң۸ҡ
Ϊʲô۸ҡ

Բû취û취
˵֮Ȼʧ
û˵ȥֻ§ֱ۸ˡ

ûʲô취
ϲ˵Լûа취ʱ۸ѹίˣ֮Ǹ쵰쵰˵
Щʵģҭģűĺڰ֮ͷޱȺԼľ˵ţԲ𣬶Բ𡣡

ʱһһ޵ôô۸еķйһ޴ָָΪʲô۸ƿǻ쵰쵰
֮ܵ᲻ͣţѹʪ·ĿŪġ

֪һ̿ʼ֮ҲᣬԼûвһǸһ

ʱͻȻоͷʪʪĴлͣһ£ǰƺи棬֮Ϊ޹Ļ档
⻭ֻһ˲̲סޣĺۣ̫ˣ޵ÿҪȱ޷

*

ʱֺֿģֳ˶ˡ
Ŵʱ֮ʱ۵Լû̧ͷûñ˿ϵᡣ

Ȼϵû˿֮·λõʪѾ˿ʱۼλҲʪ˭Ѳö֪

֮ʱ۵ļ̧ͷȫһƬĬĬضʱעĿ

ʵû˸ҳŮֳŮһ溰šҲϲˡȻŮ˵İ
ڿڣӰ۳ˣӰ۵ԱСˣӰۻʮ§Ůǣ
ȣ𾪣͸ŵ˷ܣ

Ǹϵ
֮ʱ۵ͷΧ۵עĿ񲢲⣬ѾǱȴȻݵ
Լ£λҪ˵

ĿɿڴĸǰʱҲڷӦæתͷֳλ˵ŶԶԶԣҳҲҪ
˪˪ü˭ҳ󣿡
֮ףҳ󡣡
ǰ

֮§ʱۣһֱʱ§˪˪ԣʱ۰ϣŷſ
ʱ۵ͷỹϣ˵

֮׵ʱǰͷϵᡣ
ʱһα

֪֮ﻹûƿָ֣һµϵᡣ
˲ᣬʱ۵촽ǵеףָɵŲϡ

ʱ̧ٴλӿ
֮۱

˳ƺʱ̧ͷ
֮۾ܺ죬Ҳܺ죬ҪˣͷҲץúҡ
ǰؿ

ʱҧס촽
֮ؿʣԭ𣿡

ʱҪ޳ͷǾ仰Ҳʶ㡣
˵ʶʲô硣

֮ͷ˵ãʶ𣿡
ʱ۱á

֮һͷָţͷ˵ܸңҪôԭ𣿡
ʱ۲ԭôãôܾԭ

ã֮ϵۣ㲻ԭңûϵֻҪ㲻ϲˣ۱ҡ
Ҿϲˡʱ۴˵

۸ôã

ʱۿŰ֮һһٵ˵ʦΪΧתϲңҾҪϲ㣿ҾͲϲˣ

֮Ĭ
һ̣ȷʱ˵滰

ʱϲϽ£ǲܡ
ҪͽжѡһŮѡ

ã֮ͷסʱ۵֣ġ
΢ٶȺܿ졣

˵ûϵҾŬŬϲңλ׷㡣
ʱ۳鿪֣˵ĻʦҴʮ꣬ˡ

֮ͣڿУʧ٣

ʱۺȻ΢Ц壬Ϊʲôҵĵطϵͣ˵Ը񣿱ǸҲϲˣûⷽİãҸϲͬദ

ʱƿվ˵壬ˣӸʱҾ˵ҲϲˣϲҴʮ㣬׷ˡ

֮ţͷǰʱۡ
Ϲᣬܼᶨ

ЩܾĻΪʲôҵĵط۵ͣɵԸ񣿱ǸҲϲûⷽİãҸϲͬദ
Ҳǵʮ㣬Ҳϲʮ㣬׷ˡ

ıӦá

̧֣֮ٴס֣סָ⡣

ûϵ֮ͷ˵۱Σ׷㡣
׷׷Ըԭҡ
׷ϲңԸҵģŮѡ





46.  46   ׷

ʱѾйܱտռദ, µ״̬ãٴ飬𽥿˷˶Ժµϰ
˳ͨ, ʱҲҵϷʱӦеķӦ
ϵʱȷʵаģƾķӦʵӦʵͬ

ʽʱ, ϵÿʱ䣬ʱ󹲴̫ʱ䣬ʱۿͿ˷־, 𽥻ںµмԼݼɣѾⳡڴﵽϵҪ

˷ദ󣬺ϷЩ, ⳡҹϷ, 賿ĵչ

ʱֱǷϵչ, ˪˪һ, ֱ˪˪˯ˡ

֮ʱ̫, ʱҲûǰ˵ʲôֻԹԵں滤˪˪ʱۻؾƵ귿䡣
֮, ֮ߵʱ۸ڷ䣬ˢ
ھ׷ʱۺ󣬾øǰ֮ǰһƵķ䣬ʱ۸ڵķ䡣

Ȼû׷Ů, ˮ¥̨ȵ仰ġ

*

ʱۻص䣬˪˪ϡ˪˪жױ, ˪˪ʲôʱжױ˪˪ʲôʱߵĶ֪̫ˣմͷ˯ˡ

ʱһ˯úֱܳԱߵ绰ѣۣԺͲŶߡ
Է˵Ϻãǰ֮
ʱ۱۾ûѣԺ˵磬֭
Է

֭
֭
ʮֹ

һƬ
ֻ컺ĺԼԼش

ʱ۽۾
˭˵
ԷĬ˻Ȼ˵硣
ʱۣ
ʱ۳ˡ

尡ʱ۹ء塱֣ʣкιɰ
֪֮ôȻڵ绰ǱЦ
ʱ˲üʲôЦģ
ûʲô֮Ц˵Ǵ绰ͨûѣ
ʱۡžľ͹˵绰
绰˳ֳߣô

ߺʱˣͷߵֻرշģʽ
ţ˪˪΢ţ۱˸߽㡣
Ͼŵ㷢Ϣ
Ϊ˪˪ܽӵ绰ʱ˯̫ʱ˪˪ʱһ˯

ʱеˣֻظ˪˪㣬ˣˣʲôóԵѽ

ϢڴϷпջǰһ췢¡
֮˵ϲˣ˵Ҫ׷׷ԭϲ

ô׷
ϴѵ绰
ˣҶһꡣ
ʱеʮô׷ʮС

ʱţͻȻ졣
ʱһ£˪˪ôô죬ŷȥһӶ˪˪͵ˣ

ʱϼԡȥţ˪˪㣬ô
ʱ۵ĻȻֹ

ſվŵ˲˪˪ǰ֮

֮Űڿ㣬Ÿ۾ʱ۴ʱַ̧˷۾˹ŵģ
ֳһ̣ࡢСһţƵĶ

ʱü
֮˵͡

ʱָ̧ǿţ⣺ǡ
èţ⣬ǰè

ʱۿʱǽԡ⴩ϵģĴҲϵеɣ˯ϰֻСڿ㡣
ָ̧һţʱڿЩ

֮ʱ۸ߺܶ࣬ۿʱʱĿʶ䵽ڡ
ֻһۣʶѸƿߣСһƤ

֮˵ţţ𣿡

ʱأţӦҲֳ۵ġ
ӣŵζǿǿͷаɡ

*

ʱ۰Ѱ֮Žȥϴּϴ·
ûϴͷϴˢȻʹɼҾӷ˳
ǷǰҪϴͷϴƻҪױڣѾûôںԼˡ

Ƶ귿Ǵ׼䣬ʱ۰ſ߹ȥ
ϵСѾںã֮ڿʽţš

ÿǣʱƽţһվڰ֮Ա߿
֮ˣûоͷ·վھͷ־ͷ

֮ͷһۣĿⲻԾڣԲTһƤ
죿֮ѯʡ
֮λĸñʦȫûƽʱĸ䣬ź͵ᡣ

Ӱ۽ǳʦޡ

ʱŸ߽ŵԱߣţŵģͻȻʣ˼ţţ
֮һۣĻش𣺡ֻһ

ʵ
Ͼû̸˸Լţţܸ˭ţš

ʱ۶԰֮ش⣬䴽Цһ֡

֮¡
ţҪһֵģó˵ó

֮ЦƳҸôѬµˡ

ʱۼƵ֡
֮

ʱҡͷʫ߷ְ˾ŷ֡
֮

ʱ۹ⲻﶼǡܰôİɡţüҲţ۾ҲţͲ˫ֲˣֵСӷƢģ
֮ȻʧЦ
ôʱСǲ·Ƶ¸ˡ

֮ԱϼһƬţ⣬ʣСѣҪôһȫ죬һ߷֣Զȫ죬ٳ߷ģθ
ʱһܾ̫С
֮ʣҪôģ
ʱ˵Ҫһ߷֣һȫɡ
֮
ûʲô𣬾ֻǰװһ¡

֮ԹӦ£á
֮ţţЦúᡣ

֮Ŀʼ׷ˣʱ룬֣˺ˣ׷ˡ

֮ţŵʱʱ۾ԱߣֻϷ
˶û˵պǢ

֮żƫʱһۣʱ۰ԱֻϷӮˣ¶ЦЦúܵ⡣
֮Цټţŷ档
ܰá

ûãʱǰһûٺɤеۣеܣʼԡ

ôˣ֮˻תͷðɤʹ𣿡
ʱԣ˵ûðеɤۡ

ʱ۱֮׷ſ
üüͷʱ۸оԼֻǸԶѣڰ֮ȴزƵġ

ֻǿûµģʱúüţš
֮û£
ʱ۵ͷһƲתýţţҺúü尡ˡ

֮ʱۻţţֻתͷţţ뵽ʱ۹Ǻɤˣһʱҩŵ㣬Ӧûһ㡣
ʱۿһͣˣ֮Ƶػͷ

ʱ۸оԵе㳳Լתȥ̨ԡ

̧̨֮
̨СȵأѹſȣϿʱ´ͬѧѹͿ

Ϲʲôûʲôˮ
ô㣬𣿣ܲܶµ㣡

֪ΪΣȻһ죬һֱûΪˮ˺˵ػǸ
ţţ̨֮Ž۱Էˡ

ʱ۱֣ñƵģһ±˻ȥ
Ťͷܱҡ۱ûôܡ
֮
ѾϵС᲻ͣŰɡ

ʱԣ֮ţš
ǲ캰ģɤӺ۵ģ

ʱۼŰ֮кõţųԣţźۣζոպã˵ܰɡ
һȥƬǰ֮˵Ҹҩ
ʱۻԴ˵ҪĻҲǺƬ֮ҩҲϲðɷҩ
֮šһãǾʹ롣
ʱۣ
е˰ɡ

ʱˣҲԣˮˣ
֮ҩ¶߻˵ǵôǴʱۣǸҶ˵ػԲ㡣

ʱ׺أ֮Īôһ䣬еûӦ

ΣŷӦ
ʱΪ˵ػĺĹ





47.  47   壬ҲŮ󡭡

ʱû˵
֮ǲԭ˼

µ, ССƵģ㲻ԭûϵ, ҶӦǸ
ʱۣ㲻, ǸԲ𡣡
Ŀתؿü, Ŀ·𲻽ΪǼµǸΪǸ

ʱ۱Ŀ⿴òڣ, ӽ, ŶǼ°, Ҳȥ, ƽ˰ɡ
ԵԼС, ô˵
Ҳֻһ㳶ƽˣ£볶ƽ

֮ʱۻе, ѯζô
ʱҡͷҼҰ̱ȣԶˡ
֮
УҼŬ֮˵
ʱɤšû˵

ʵͦ, 뺣ζζոպãţҲģʳ˿, ʱ۳Եͦĵġ
ʱ۳ųţоպȵһжСĴָһСɫϺβ˿
β˿ر̣Ȼ̡
Ҳⷢӣ壬Ĳɾޡ

ã֮º͵ؽ»ע⣬Ϻβ˿ɾˡ
ʱۣ

Ҳ𣿡ʱ΢
̧֮ͷЦô𣿡

ʱ۵ͷ
ͦġ

ţָɵĻҪջ⣬Ҳûʲô̫ѵġ
Ͳ̫ˣ˰⣬⺣滹кܶĺҪСҪġ

֮һֽȥǡ
˺ззƣɫԻƣճʱǣЩɫ

ʱ΢㣬׷Ű
ʱ۾Ŀ⣬Цⲻǣ׷𣿡

֮ʮ꣬Լû뵽һ죬˵Ļ׷أʲô
ϲȵĻԺÿ϶͡

ʱ۱֮еǻ͹ĵŪúǲӦе졣
Ŀ֣ͷֹ࣬һ˭ϲûٴ

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ͳԵƵģţҪϸʣ˰Сʱʱ۲ŷ¿ӡ
֮ſӣ˵ȥϴɣ

ʱ۱ûڼƵ궼Ǳźߵģ֮ôһ˵˼ˡ
ɡʱ۴Ӱ֮ùĿӣӵͰ

֮ȴ߹ȥùĿӴͰóŵϴ
ʱۣ
Ҫ

ȥϴɣͺã֮ͷЦλܶûԼӹСϴɾǿɻƷ
ʱۣ
ŶҪġ

ʱ룬ð֮չʾఢ̵ļܣһŮӵĸƷȻſ˵壬㻹Ҫҵ𣿡
֮ûͷ˵ԣֻҪҪĻ

ʱ۲̫Ҫ뿴Ӱʲô̶ȡ
ͷѽʰɣŶˣȱǰ̨Ҫ±ӰһϰɣллŶ

֮ˮǰϴ꣬Թˮͷͷʱۡ
ʱѾԡңסʱۡ

ʱ۸˻ͷüʣǲҵӻܲô߹һӰۣԲøɵģҽоƵıఢ̰æͿɡ

ûУ֮ЦŴ˵ʱۣʮˡ
أʱûҪ˵ʲô

ֽ֮ɾһָ˵ʮңչ˶ʮʳӣӣǺ¡
֮ߵǰվԣú˵лл
ʱɵۣ
еϡ

ʱͷĿеɵ
ӰѽղŵΪеָʹ˼ˣȻˣ

ɵۼ䣬֮ؿûйⶺ˼

֮Ŀ⣬׿
ʱϷʱѾԽܺദϷ⣬Ȼ

֣̽ǣ֡
ʱʶһ֣֮ĵؿ
ʱδˣ봥֮˿

˾ʱ۲ɵÿ֮
ϵİֵ̺һЩ

֮ʱ۵֣֮˵۱ôԺչʳӣзԣ극񣬳Ҹ㿪˾ˣˢҵĿҺ飬ʮϲһ㣬ȫõһ֮顣ңֻ֮Ϊô

ʱ۲Լ¿ˮʶش𣺡ǣͦõġ
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֮ʱɿ֣תһֱŵֱӻص
⿪ݵǰ
֮ѹʹŵģջʣԣ۱ŮѺòã

Ůѣ
ʱü׻ˡ

ʱۻع˺󣬱鵭˺ࣺܶǻ˰ɡ
֮

ʱ۵չʳӣзԣ극񣬳˾ҿЩ̺˪˪չҡˣˢҰֵĿҰҲǮʣЩõ𣿡
֮
;ԼһǴˡ

֮ջԼϣȻ̧ͷµشʱۡ
ʱ۱ĿŪòˣ㿴ʲô

֮óֻ㿪Լ΢Ŷά룬Цʣҿȫ·ͦÿģԼӸ΢ţӷ𣿡
ʱۣ

ʱ۸ЦˣǷˮת
Ȼ˵ԡ

֮

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ʱ۽쵽Ƭʱ䣬ȻǰһСʱ˶ȵ
ϤҪĵݣ˼ıݵȵȡ

֮ƬˣǱᡣ

ⲿϷԺкܶǷ˱仯˽⣬бᣬʹ֮ʦʵϰʦ
ΪͰ֮²ϷСҲǰԤȣŶӰϣڼͰ֮cp֣԰űʹ

ǰһ֮ʱ۱׵ĻˣҪˣû뵽֮ϲһʮСѾͷ
쵽ֳôʱô˳ۣͺȥ۸ʱۣ

ῴʱԼǶſ籾һˮ˹ȥ
ûȻһס

Сáһºͺ͵
ͷǽ

һ̲裬ºҪ̲Ҹģȵģ𡣡

ῴֻһ̲裬ˣæܹȥҪֻһ𣿲Ǹʱ۵ģǸҵ𣿡

ٸߣƳһ۶ŵʱۣʱ᣺ûϷʲô
˵ûҵϷҾͲѧϰ
űᷴʣﰡҲûϷݣ
΢Ц̲谡
᣺
̲蹴űᣬתߣе㣬̲裬㻹ʲôͣȥҼ˽ˡ

Իʱˣ카ûˣС׷ȥԵкöأ˽˶ʲôŶ
ͷЦЦ崺磺ǣʲôʲôɡ
᣺
ܺã

*

߱󣬰֮ŵֳ
ʦûԺʱ۾Ƶ뿪ȥʦ˲Щ
ֱӴҽԺģʱ۴˽ɤӺƬ

ʱ˼Ϸ
ϵױݺʹķװɣױһĵױۣȹƯȹӣŮֻǰ֮͸ܵá
˼áĸܡ

֮źƬߵǰϣɤӻɣǰһ
ʱŵϵѩľ㣬ʸеζ֮

û̧ͷĮġšһ
š֮ҲûҪһ˼

֮վߣ׷ͷĿ⡣
һŵߣţԱһ

ʱͷϵȫᡣ
Ƭ̵ķ
Ϊڴ֮ǰûһʮĴүǣΪϥ

ɣʱ۶Ūò˼ˣоΧйԱٿߴ˵
֮û𣬼ȳһȻһ˵̨ʣɤӻۡ

ʱšˣˡҪһͻȻʶŲܾôЭ

ҪˣʱƳϽվһ
û֮Թվ

Աȫ̹ӰĸǰꡱһЦ
֮üǰæ졣

֮ջص˵ߣԼʧЦƬŵǰȻóֻã۱һǵóԡԼӸ΢𣿡
ʱۺܸ䣺ԡ
֮

ϽҲˣ֮ʱһ飬֣֮ȥ̸¶

֮ǣʱ۵ˣʱ۵Դ
֣Դȥ
ʱ㿪ˡ
֮˸ա

֮̾Ϣ˵ˣȥұϵһ
ʱ۵ټ
֮

֮ȥͱϵ̸¶ʱûǸƬͷϣҲ
Ƣء

Ͻ֮ܽ߰Ҫʱ۵Ĺϵ
ΪݣϷʱϷŮǣȴͷһؼ֮Ϸ飬ɲװϾ֮ô꣬ûĸŮйκܹϵ

ȻȱϽܿڣ֮ȿ˿ڣϵ׷ʱۣϷʱ۸
Ͻܣʲôʱ۸ʱ۰
ϽܣУɶҲˡ

ҪĵŮڲƺɷӵϷݡ
ΪкܶɷӵľͷĺܴģϵҲҪԡ
ǰ֮ڲƺϿ˼Ȼʱ۹ЦܰһϷ

ʱ۰ϵǰô״̬аɣ
ʵϵ⻰ʵĺֻܶ࣬߸ʽұϵʵʱЦʵġ

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Ͻüͷ֮

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ΧһЦOO@@Ц

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ʱܾȻǿͷаɡ
һţܣԡ
ԣǲԡ

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֮ڲƺϣ۴
Ҷϡ裬йҶķ϶֮ڰ֮ӢϣᴵӰΣϵѩľζҡҷ

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ĳúúÿ

ôһ˲䣬ʱǴʱڶϷ̲סһһϸ֮ĳë߱
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֮ƿһС죬ܿķۣӰֻմܳȥѼӣܵ÷ɿ졣

֪СҪʲôȥ
ʧЦ۾С

ʱ۰ܣ˪˪㣬Ҫ˪˪̫ɡ

Ƭ̺ʱ۹֮ܽʱӿ첽ܱš
볳Ѱ֮ʱѹĺŵصԣΪ̫ɡסս

еСΪ֮֡
СΪá

ʱҲоã῿ȻءؽԼ֣ġ
֮ᶯֱϵǳɫҲᶯԴ˱δ˯ѵġ

ʱ۽ŵסӸŴЩָġ
֮΢ЦЦ
סָ

ʮָۡ

ϴֻ̽ǣһ֣ʮָۡ

ഥ˵Ķȣʱ۷ֲ˭ģͣƵʲϼӿ죬ˡ

ãϵʱȻ˿ԣϢһ£ͬġ

ʱݺ͵֮ϷһҲ˲ůСתɸ
ʱ˵ʦԷſˡ
֮

֮ûзſţЦ·Ϸš
ʱۣ

ʱǰʦǰӰѽ
֮΢ЦСѣ֭硣
ʱۣ

е㲻ҪŶ

ʱЦ۵³һ仰Ҳʶʲô֭磬ǵˡ

֮ȻʧЦǵЦݻЦøˡ
ͻȻϲʱǳӣܿɰ

֮ڵЦܺõַЦѵõĿģ
ʱ۾ð֮Ӳ̫ˡ
һ̣ʹɾ֡

ʱЦӯӯ˵壬ЦɡǲŮѵģ˵
֮ϵЦɲʧ

֮ͻȻ֣ʱۺܶ˵ݻʱ򣬶Цӯӯġ
΢Цĺݻ֪˵ļٵġ

ͺʱһҲ





48.  48   Ϊ㳪ϲ㡣

չ, ֮ͱϵһԷ̸Ϸʱۺ˪˪극ʱԼطϢ
ʱſڴ, ֮׷߸ܳ

֮˵ϲˣ׷ҡ
ʱ۷ȥһ鸴ӵʡԺźͱ

ܳһʺź͸̾ţ
ô£콲

ʱ۰ѹ﷢, ܳˣֱܳԹȺƵ˷׷ʵˣʵʲô, ʲô㡣

ʱ˵ͣе㲻ʡ

ʱľòʡ
֮ôõû۸˵֮ڳϲ, ׷, ͱ϶е˵, ໹Ǿòʡ

ܳʱ۲ʵ뷨, ʵеͬܡ
׷, һЩΪԵӵʱе㲻ʡ
۸еԹ

ܳ˵, ˳Ȼʲô׷ûԹˣĵԸŮˣٴӦŮѡҲѾûԹ, Ӧǽˮɣ̫ˡ
˵, ܳһٷ̾ţ˵ģӰ׷˰Ҷü۱ţƣ

ʱ۹ֲ˼ˣ˼ֽаɣ˭б۱ȷʵϲ
ܳhǣ

ܳ˱չѧУңԷ
ʱ۴Ӧţð

ܳ˵
ʱۣooook

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ȻȫģſϿ顣
һܺÿ飬б͸µԭȫ෴Ŀۣýζ

˽ȥʱ䣬֪˶ã죬Ž
Ľǣˣˣˡ

ʱЦˣµǰ֮ϼҾӷȥš
֮ǰЦ˻ȥ߰ƿš

Ȼһ¹⻨
ֱϣ¹⻨˻

¹⻨ƿ֮¶Цˡ
ȵƹǳ֮Ű׳İɫ¹⻨ܸɾģ

ʱסЦ⣺£
Ǳ龡䵭ţľϲڲסġ

֮ݳͻ
¹⻨ŨʱЦŽӦ˯þˡ

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ϴ͵ͣĻϲ𣿡֮ʡ
ʱۣˡ
֮

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ʱˣȻҡͷôֻкܶͬôapp
֮

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ϥôɤӣһ

ʱ۱Ż裬𿪣ԡ

֮ʣǣҪôܳԣ
˵ţ֮װվʱſпܱĵľģ˵ҽȥȥ㷿̸òã

ʱ˵ã϶á
֮

֮ʵҲԼĵʧЦ˵ãҲȥ÷Ƶôң˵˵ôܳԣ

ʱͦϲ֮±ĵĴģģо֮±֪ϲԼӰˣҴϲˣʱߵ£ء

㲻±𣿡ʱۻһ䣺ĵվŮſڣ
֮Ŀ᣺ĵͳϣʲô
ʱۣ
ʲôʱʡ
֮˵ϲ㣬׷㡣

ʱ۶ٻ֮Ļش룬ˡ
ʱ۱軨ſ˵ҳСɣүˣүͰʱҩ
֮
Ц˳
µʱûҪµʱҪŵķһ㡣

ôүʲôС֮Цʡ
ʱ۰ڳүƣ⣬óʲôˡ

֮裬Ϊɤдԣѹɤʱͺ˶ߵ黰ܲˡǰ֮ͬѧKTVʱͬѧԭ

֮ʱ۵ӣĵӿһ仰ǡһϲϲ㡱
һ׸֡

ҪͻȻʱ۸ڵķűƿǰ߳ߴŵ绰ɱˣǼӰ۴̨ϳģӶǮɣû˵оͲ

ǰ˵һ룬תͷ֮վʱ۷ſڻûȥأ죬Ȼæ˻˷䡣

ʱۣ
ʱĿӸǰϵţת֮ϡ
ˣ˺һ

ΪʲôҸڣʱʡ
֮Ц
ʱۣ
ʱðĸ֡˵

ʱۡǺǡ˵˵㲻㳪أ˼һȥϢɣҪء

һϲϲ㣬ľϲ͸㡣
ڳפڽӵĳҲ
㡣

׵ϲѷĻϲѵþϲϲ㡣
ϲ㡣

ʱۻδ˵֮꣬Ѿ
ǰǸӲ׳İ֮ǮҲİ֮ѾΪʱ衣

֮ǳ
ͣᣬûκμɣֻǺسš
ţĿʱ۵ʹϣسš

ʱ۱Żͷţɵп׸ʲô


Ȱ֮׸裬ûȰ֮˵ͻȻ˵Ҳϲ㡣
Ȼ顱һš

֮

룬ʱִţ̽ͷ˵˵壬ͦʹģҰֶûС̫꣬ˣ쵽еˡͬ˷һҿ϶ѡͬˣ𣿡
˵꣬ʱ۲Ȱ֮˵͡顱һš

֮

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̫֮ʱ̫СΪף˽ģŮԸ棬Ǹ鷽棬̫֮ȦȾô꣬Ļˡ
ܵŮͰ̸֮Ů۸

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ؼڵ绰ͣҪʲôֹֻǾ氡
˵ǣ۱Ժ֪ˣܻ˽˽֮ôİɡ

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Ȼģʲôϵ۱ŮҲܲġ

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ʹǰ֮èڼ˯ġ

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βţ̧ͷ۾Ŵ죬һġ

֮Цû̧ۣ಻Դ
ŵβʹûԴŰַ֮Ĺ๾

ؼü˵ֻèҲ̫ͨ˰ɣſ|˯İ֮

֮ӰۣԼĹ̬ôţϵÿ鼡ޱ
ؼ޶̵ܼܣ̣ǳŷС
ⷿﻹľʵζ˯úʲô·š
һ飬֮˯ţġ

ؼͷ˵Ƭǧ

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ؼ
λүӵһǧȰɡ

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ͬʱҲ֮ŶûУҲ֪֮һôƤôõġ

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ͬʱ̧޳ָӸǵм䣬˹ؼλ
˵ظУؼ¶ţɹҲ©©˰ڴϡ

֮ʱҲ𡭡





49.  49   Դס

ؼð֮˲Ӱ, ͦţƵģţòУŮҲʿо, ؼҺ⼸Ѿԭα¶ˣʵġɧ

ؼȻʼΪСŮˡ
ǡ
ǲϣ֮СŮҲ

̸ʱ۵, ؼ˵ھ׷ʱۣǰɣ
֮ۡ

ؼתߣ㡣
֮Ŀһ, 𴲡

üҾӷİ֮ߵؼԱߵɳ¡
ؼûԹԵغˮ

ҲŰ֮߹, ؿؼ, ؼҶ԰֣֮ܳҧؼ
ؼСϻһĲ, Ȼ, ʱ, ǲҲôضʱۡ

֮ûΣǿ۾źؼ, ۾ʦģ
ؼȻ˵õģȻʱʱٸֳܡ

ûУؼ˵, ˵˾£Ҫ˽һյĹϵ˽һʱ۵ĸ顣

Ȼؼ˵, ֮ȻΪúؼʵġ
ʵϣ֮ȷʵûаٷְٵš

֮ⱲӣԼŵģ漰ʱۣ漰ʱ۵ĸףԶȷʵš

֮򿪲輸İ䣬ó̺ʹ
ҪȼȻ뵽ƺǰʱ۶ζķУ˻ȥ

ʦ㣬ҶûŮϵĸ飬һ̶ûС
̧֮ͷؼޱ˵Ҷʱ۵ĸǣϲ

ؼע⵽֮Ҫû飬ʣΪʲôˣ
֮˿鶳ɸʱ۲ϲ

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ʣô㣬ΪʲôϲʱۣʱͺСˡ

֮Ĭ
ʱۣȷʵˣˡ

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磬ͬʱһʱۻڴǿƯСݣΪȱʧѹ֣ǵĲҲϲʱ۵ԭ

磬żȻֵĹ⣬·ơ
ȥһԶյƾʧˣҪùͲͣߣϵĹԽԽԶԽԽ¶

ʱۣʱˣ⿾֣ۣȻŹߡ
飬¸ң⣬Ҳûµġ
߲ŵģĹ⡣

Ц
ٹ¶
ҪţҪúûš

Ϊ֮˵ҵΨһ塣
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֮ȴδ˵

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ͱһСϷѣB鵼㣬Ͻߵľ飬¼һ䣬ʱ۵ѧ߱

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Ϻ軹δԺ֮ȥҽԺʦ󣬲Ƭ

֮ƬʱʱںһͬˣƽԣǶȻš
ͬѧϴڹ¶Ժı߱ҲԶĶӡ

֮ͻʱ˵仰壬Ϊʲôҵĵطϵͣ˵Ը񣿱ǸҲϲˣûⷽİãҸϲͬദ
˵壬ͦʹģҰֶûС̫꣬ˣ쵽еˡͬ˷һҿ϶ѡͬˣ𣿡

Ȼʱ˵Ŀ߱ʮһ꣬Ǻʱĵ浽һͣ߱ԸҲ֮ΣС
һһ֮߱ü

ʱۺͱ߱ԲϣʱۺȻԼƽԵݹȥԼҲվΪȹϣ쳤첲ָŸ߱ѧҸղƼľϷô¶УȻҲµĻ治ҳˣҿ

߱ʱнƽԣ̧ͷһۣʱ۰Ͱ̽ͷԼƽԣ˫ġ
߱˵˾䣺һͳ΢ƵţҿҲ֪ô£ܸ£Ҳܡ
ĪͰ͵ġ

߱ıúŵú᣺ãҿ
ʱЦлл

֮߹ʱ߱ʱ˵ңҿĸ֣ԼʱЦеģ

֮ߵʱߣʱ۵СԴϣһࡣ
֣ŵʱ۵Զġ

ʱԴ߻Դ̧ͷǰ֮Īûٻˡ
ûųԴ

ֽչһˣ֮롣
Ȼʱ߱ڿʲô
ͬʱޱȻʱԴ

ʱת۾ͷ֮ԴϣţСƵģϵֱΡ
ǰ˭Сأ

ʱ۰ѧڣûв֮ӣûг֮һ䡰ѽֻ֣СغԶһ㡣
ð֮Ų֣ʱ

ûʲôʱ˵㿴
֮üתʱۣƵģûʲô㿴ʲô

ʱĪЦˣ˵ƿƵģûʲô
֮ʱЦ¶СҲʧЦûʲôʲô
ʱЦøˣ²ʲô

ʱۺͰ֮˵ĪƿĪЦţպܺг߱Ա߳Ĭع۲
׶԰֮Щ˽⣬Ϊ֮ǲӰ۵Ƭӣ׵ġ
˵֮Ǹܡ䡱ˣĮ顣ô֮꣬δĸŮйøУǸûиˡ
֮ϷƺҲΪԼΪﵽϺʦԸ֮Ǹ󡱵ˡ
ǰİ֮ڶʱЦǺܡ䡱ˣҲǡ󡱵ˣЦʱۣǶЦ

߱ʵڽ·ϣ˺˵˰֮׷ʱ۵£ʱΪֻǳǲʵš
ڣˡ

ڰ֮ϲʱ£߱⣬Ϊ֮ʱȫ෴ˡ
ϸ룬ûкˣΪ֪ʱۺܿɰദˣϲʱۡ

뵽߱΢΢ü
ϲʱۣʱҲһֱųѧУֻųһⷽŵģԭǴʱⲿϷѧУʼ׷ʱ۵ġ
ƺԼţһЩʱ
֮ʮ꣬ʱ۶ʮ꣬ͬ꣬йͬ⣬ֻϣʱ۶԰֮ûôĺøС

߱üƽվûĶԻ԰֮ò˵ʦ硣
ڱ߱˵֮ǰӦò԰֮ʺá

֮ʱƿĿ⣬߱ϴڹ¶Ժʱ߱ʱ۵չˣ۵ͷ˵ţ磬ɣÿ

˵ţ֮Ӻӣʱԣֱ۴ʱ۵αϣתʣ۱չʲôһȥ
Ȩһ

ʱƳ첲첲αϾˣָͷ棬Դο֣Եģ˪˪̾ͰҰˣ鷳˼ˡ

˼ңڱ߱ǰʱһ˼ңð֮һʱ˵ѡͬˡ

ֲԷ滰Цĸܣʵܡ





50.  50   дˡ

ʱʵҪѧУȥܳԷ, оӦûչ׼һѧУȥҳͳһԷ
Ҫϰ֮һԷ
Ҫô˰, ǲ㣬Ժİɡ

ʱͷʱ, ͺڵͷϳʲô
֮ԴתͷԱ߱ЦЦü

߱Ȼ, Ϊݵĸ߳ųͬ˵Ĺ۲о˰֮ʱԡ첲§ʱۡζüڶ˵, ʱҰ֮ġ
߱ƽʱǸºзִ, ཻУ, ԰֮, ò

߱ĵʰ֮ʦҹ, Ȧ۴ЩˣϢã

ۣ֮ƽʱı߱ڵһ仰е⡣
Ҫ˵, ʱʱȻתϸϸؿʮ־˵İʦ۾Χɫе
֮

֮ôδΪԼƤͳй, Ȼʱ˿̿ߵʱ۵ĴƵİ𪼡СʮŮƤЩˡ

ϵİôˣ֮סĲڣʱۣбǳһ𣿡
ᵽ, ʱеˣҲˣƵеƵ˵СʵʦȻʮˣͦ˧ģر˧һֱô˧ġ
ָ֮ӣƵʱۺףлԡ

߱ʱ۶԰֮Ŀ佱˲оΣУü۾˼
Ȼ֮겻ô΢ҲôϷֻⷽǡĻ́ͷ˵ˣѧиϷ˵⣬ܸ£ҰʦƽϷĿ˵ʦǾһԼ𣿡

ʱ֪֮Ϸģʶش˵ʦƽϷģʱ䶼ϷҪô飬ߴʲôġ

ʱۺ˽֮ð֮á
ţǣ֮ЦŶԱ߱˵۱˽ң˵

ţʱʶⷽ氵һ°֮󡱣Ťͷ˵ʦȻ˰ȻϷ˿ɰϷء
֮
ͻȻе㱻̿Ƶģסˡ

֮ٴʱ˵ġϲͬദĻ˼ʱۣ۱Ҫҿ档

ޣǲã棬ͬѧǺء
ʱ۾ܾ൱ϸɴ࣬˵Цеһ̫ˣҺ治һȥϲͬһ档
֮
һģĿѡ

ʱõЦˡ
ʵҲôϷͺϲ֮Ա
ʣҫأǺüǰϷˣʦ𣿡

֮ûϷˣҫҲȫûģʱЦеذ˵£΢Цſ˳ԸֻӢˣʮǰˡ

ʱʱˣЦ˵˫Цӯӯ˻ʱҲʮ꣬СѧʦĴôޡ
֮ʧЦ
ʱ۹Ȼ

ʱԱߵı߱ʱҲұʱ۴һ꣬ʱʮһ꣬Һʱ۵ĺ٣ڱĹʫء
ʱ߱ᵽʫأͻȻҵ˵ԶԣҰ躮ҲҰŵģڱʫзЩģҵڻǵãĸСӰʦѧ㻹ǵ𣿡
߱ЦŽӵάCĹ¡
ʱۣɳȺ
߱ɽĽš
ʱ۴ЦֹסЦ߱ҲЦ
֮
Щʲôģ

ʱҵֺǺЦţ֮˼߱
ʮı߱ʮİ֮Ŀӣ߱ûаֶס˰֮Ĵ

߱һ緢ЦʦСѧĿαӦûЩɣǵĿαһɣ
ʱûʶ߱Ͱ֮ԣֻע⵽˿Դ٩֮ϣЦӯӯ˵ǵȻˣʦĿα϶ǲһ
֮

߱еר֮äʱĵ˼߰ʱ۵ƽԱ΢Ц˵ʱƽʱҲ涯ɭͽɣ
ʱ̽ͷԼϷŪûŪãû̧ͷ˵ѽġϷʱ涯ɭ潡ûˡⲿϷɱ࣬һȥҪúһˡ

֮ýü
ӳԼҫɭֻǰ˵û
ЩѾʱ۵Ĵ

߱Ƴ֮֮üƣоⷽ棬֮ʱۿûл⣬רⷽʱġ
ϷѧУ̳Ŀֶbվ֮ǰ֪ʱ۹עsaȦloȦȦĵʱرˡ

ģʱ۶Ա߻һ֮Ҳ֪֮ʲôʱߵġ

*

̲һ¥Ƭã¥Ϣá

֮ϵ¥ǰڴ߶绰
֮ߵǰվסŵĸǰͨ绰

ǰ绰̸ǹ֮ȥزμӻ£ͨǰҶϵ绰
̧֣֮ĸǰԴǰͷ

ǰ˲ȫëתͷǰ֮һ𾪣

װװ׸磬Ҫﰡǰһ뾯衣
֮˹ָ㣬

֮ƵģǰŹȥκʣôˣʲô¶𣿡
ֻ֮ϣؼϷ
ǰģ
֮ԸŵϷˡ
ǰ֣㲻ǲϷ𣿡
֮ʱ档
ǰ

ǰˣ֮ҪֺʱۣʱϷ
ֻ֪Ϸѣʹ绰΢ŸϷʲô
һ߸ǰĶǸпԭӰ׷ŮӶҪͶһС

֮Ÿǰ˵磬˹עȦӣдʣҲϽͱעҡ
ǰ̧ͷ֮֮Ŀ
ɰ֮֮ǰܱʱ۸ڿǴ̼ˡ

ʲôǰʣϷ˽˵Ȧдʣôˣʱ۸ղ˵ˣ˵ûйͬⰡ
֮ķӦؿб˸ǰһۣʮֲãʲô¡
ǰ
Уˣ֮ٷ֮һǧʱ˵ˡ

*

߱Ϸаݵʱ۵ھӡ
ϷﲻھӣҲ佭ʶˣڰｭһЩ飬ͬʱϲʱۡ
˷Ǳ߱Լʱۺ̲裬̽ڷ硣

ֲ̲棬̲Ǳ߱Եġ
û취ϵƬѲʱҵб߱кԼڣԼֻ뵥ϷҲǲܵġ
ñϵеƬˮƽڣֲĲϷ߶˵ĶϷϡ

ϵϲ˲ĵĶϷһҪĵĲǺ̲裬ʱۺͱ߱Ҫֺܶ̽Էϸڡ
ͷҪϷھͷǰƼ򵥣ʵס

ϵ֮ǰı߱ʱԱ̫£ȱԱֳǣʱۺͱ߱ζϷĵĺá
֮ǰʱ۶ǺͰ֮Ϸⳡʱۺͬ˱߱ϷײϷ𻨣Ͻܷǳ⡣

֮¥ʱϵڸпؿˣʱۣ߱cpа⣡ⲿϷ֮ԿǿǺഺ簡cp϶йԵùܾ飬վһ𣬻ͺܺÿǳ

߱ϵĸ¿佱ø˵ģǫ飺ʱ۱ݵøãıݴϷÿ졣
ʱϵͱ߱cpеֵֹģ߱ݼãæҲǫ˵ûûУѧĹͣѧңȻҿܻҪĺüܴﵽҪ󡣡
ʱתͷԱ߱Ц˵ллѧ
߱ЦðɣҾͲˡ

ʱЦݲã߱Ц裬һʮĿ
ϵ´½Ƶģ˵ճҲcpаãã

֮վ̨ϣ¥ݣĵ뿴š
Ϣ𽥱仺೤ƴЩѡ
¥ǽϹŵһһ̲Ŀͨվ·ǵߡ

ǰе֮ƳѹʲôƵģСʣ׸磬Ҫ̲
֮˶
Цˣ۱һ¡

ʱЦϵƵ֮߿
֮б¥ݣüǶЦٻŮĻƯٻŮƵģü





51.  51   Ļ˺ǡ

ʱ۸ղûע֮ʲôʱߵ, ء
ʱ֮˱ϵͱ֮߱Ʈ

ʱƮ, ͷվ̨ϵˣ壬Ŷ, 
ʶؽŰ֮۾֮е㹴ˣԻҩƵġ

֮û, ˵һ䡣
ܻܵͣдԡ

ʱ۶е̣Ҳе졣
ű, ˵
֪Ϊʲô, оʱ˿̵İ֮ô

֮ңŸcp, ֪𣿡
ʱۣ

֮ⲿϷ, Ůѡ
ʱۣ

֮ԼϷ, ׷㣬ţ
ʱۣ

ʱۿŰ֮ڹΪ˵塣
֮ţ

ʱۣ˵, һ䡣
֮

ʱȻ԰ֵ֮ô㱻ԵҲŷ򣬵ǻġ
еʱϧ˵, úõһˣȻǿϧ
֮
Цˡ

, ҵĴ䣬֮˵𣿡

֮˵䡪ңŸcpСⲿϷŮѡԼϷ⣬׷㡣

ʱƵоеͻȻľûͷûԵðһ䣺֭𡣡
֮ţҪȷ֭𣿡

ʱ۲˵ˣתˡ

Σ֮׹ʱ۵Ի·
֮ǰӵ绰˵Ƿ֭

֭


֮ЦЦ֭ͷ֭һƵġ

*

ʱܿ󣬲ں֪֮ܳԴ¡
ͱ߱ϷϢյż֮ȥ֮ܿƵĿƵ

ʱе̲סЦΪ֮ôԱ߱ĴףеЦ

ڰ֮ʱÿκͱ߱Ϸʱ۶ͷЦͺʱʮܺͱ߱ĶϷ
֮Ŀתضʱۿ˲õģģζ

߱ʱĵú˳һͷϽڼ濴طź˵ãǰչλˡ

ʱ˵Ȼǰչˣ
ԸλԱϹ˪˪߹ȥ׼˪˪ѧУȥܳ

ʱۡ߱ʱס
߱߹ʣһԷɣ

ʱգգۣ˵гͻˣѧΪʲôҪһԷ

߱˵֮ǰиڴƻǰˣģһʱ䡣
ʱ۶ԴƻһֱĵģһͳһԷ
ͱ߱һѧУϳһԷҲУҲԴƻĵġ

ʱ˵Ҹ绰ûʱ䣬ʱĻǻѧУҳһΪҺͳԼãչĻҪѧУԷ
֪߱ʱϳǷģн⣬Цŵͷá

ʱҪܳ绰֮ŴƬҲ˹
ƬǴ򿪵ģ֮óһƬƬݵʱߣҲʱ߱Ϸ޺𣿡
ʱȻҧסƬţ𣺡޺ˡ

߱ʱۺͰ֮ദȻĻ棬۵вȻ˵Ҽǵѧ˵idһ棬һڣ֮ǰidصģ޷£ɾؾͺˡ
֮ͷȻתͷǵʱԴԻأô鷳ѧ´λ鷳Ұɣҵѧʱ䡣
ʱ۱ƵԴһΣ̧ۿ֮ﶼЦ⣺
Уθ֮ܵǹˡ

ˣ֮ƬӸǰӹʪͷʱ۲֣۱ҪѧУҿѧѧУ
֮һָʱ۲ϸ˵ѧŪϷѧУѧԷҲãѧУ°źˣҴ绰ȥ㡣
֮ʱ۲֣˪˪ӹʱ۵ףʱ۴ϣ˵ţԣǾɡ۱컹ʲôԵģһҡ

ʱ۴ؿŰ֮һͨˮġġʶҲĻġ
˳Դ׺ͶԴʽĻ롣
ûתͷ߱Ѿо߱Ӧò뱻֮ˡ

۱˪˪ӵ͵绰ʱۣ㣬Ӹ绰
͸պͱϽܷ΢ţ֪չˣ绰Ů
ʱۿ˪˪ʹɫͲµ϶֣˹ֻȥĵطӵ绰

ʱ뿪ֻʣ°֮ͱ߱
֮Ա̸߱Цű߱򣬴߱£ĵ˵߱ڵݼǰкܴҶ̾ˡôѧϰγæ𣿡

߱Ǻϲ֮ڵо죬
Ӽ𣬾һֱ׽̵Уûб¶ˣֻ˵ԡ

֮ͷæͺãæʱĥݼͣѧϰʹҵĺʱ򡣡

߱ĿͻȻ仯
˰֮֮⡣
֮ͣӦרעѧϰʹҵ

ֹѧϰ봳ҵɣ߱վûгסΪ˲ľ֪¶Ҳ̸ĺʱ򡣡

֮Ÿոʱ۲ֵʪ΢΢һЦ߱㻹ûͬʱҵ䣬Ҫ嶯ٵڵġҲô˵ʲôûֹֻҪԼ

߱Ŀ鶼ȥ

֮Ʋھ󱲣ֻǵ󱲷Լ
ͣкܶ£̫ԼеҲҷҵģͣҵﵽλãͿΪ飬ȫԼҵڵ㣬Щɣ

߱԰֮ⷬ޷ԣ֣ص˵ҿԡ

ֱ֮Է񶨣㲻ԡܶ飬㶼ԡΪͣҪڵҵͬʱҪϲ˵飬ҪȫʵӰ죬㶼Ϊ㻹ûϲһˡ

֮ű߱Ŀ⻺̫߱ˣЩ˵ѣѵվѡ

߱Ҳ

֮ƶ˵㲻𲽵ҵʱۡ

*

ʱۺְִ绰߾ֻа֮ˣ߱ˡ

ʱʰ֮ѧأ
֮ģ֪ȻѧУ˰ɣҪҵˣæûպһԷˡ

ʱ۴ɻüѧ˵Ҫһ´ƻģѧæӦҲ˵һɣߺϢ

ʱ̧ͷ֮ڵģĵе²⣺֮ǲǸѧ˵ʲôˣ
֮ʱΪ߱ȫ۾ʧЦ˵ܺ˵ʲôǱԶݵĶӣһҵ𣿡

ʱ۵ͷϸ룬Ҳǡ
߱ѧǴݵĶأ֮Ӧò۸ѧ

֮˸վ˵߰ɣѧУҳֻϻ˺ܶϷ·Ϸ
ʱۣ
ȻôغϷˣλĺܽͱϷɣ

˵ϲ֮ҳԷɴ׵ġ
ͦ˼ģʱ롣

ʱţͻȻðһ䣺Իˡ
֮ڽСӦôӦã׼ãԻʲôرԵĲ𣿡
ʱ㵥Ҫˣ
֮
СרԵĵЦŴӦá

ôɢ֮˵
ϵŵϷ磬ʱһԷģʱ۴Ӧ˵ѽ

ʱ۴Ӧ仰ʱûϵ淢¡





52.  52   嶯ɵӡ

ʱۻѧУܳԷ, ȥϡ
ϵգԼ鶼˵, ˲Żᡣ

ʱ۾̫Уᶼû˯Լ, ֱӱܳܳڳСϣ˯ˡ
ܳҲ, ʱǿһ㣬ڶϣܳʱֻġ

ʱۣʱ, ܳʱ, 绰ˣӵ绰
ʱԺ, źó˵ι

Է˵ʱ, Ǳ߱
ʱԴ, û̫ѣѧô𣿡

߱˵ϵϷݻCȥģѧУѧУԽȥ
ʱ۰Ѱε, Ժ⣺˪˪û˵Ҫȥļ죿

ҲǸպͱϵͨ绰һ˪˪͸绰ˡ
峿绰, ߱ɤ͸᣺㲻ģ˪˪Ҳá

ʱ۸е߱ˣæûвĵ, 𴲣Һ˾¥鷳ѧһ
߱Ц˵ãż

ĳص£ұϵ̸ġ
˽ģӴƻأʱദĽڡ
ڲǻģֻʱ۶ദһЩʱ۶Ƿио

֮˵Ļһ϶߻죬Ǿòġ
˵𲽵ҵ˵ҪҪø׿ĳɾͣΪʱ۶иоȡһ¡
һϵ绰ᶨƼCеĳء
״ʱCϷطպñϵϣԽʡһʽͶ룬ϵ˴Ӧ

ʱǰһ˯ԴţκϴȻ˪˪ص绰ȷϡ
˪˪˵߱ʱһȥ˪˪Ҳģʱ˵УһȥɣӦñ絽ڻ㡣㶼׼ҶúˣֱӹС

źͦģʱ۾ʹҴȥͱ߱ϣֱ
ʱ˿ٰͨڹ˪˪ͱϵǣ㲥յǻ͸Ͻŵǻˡ

ʱϻûԷɻϳ˵˪˪ĳԵģɻպɡ
ڷɻɵֻûźʱûѾƵʱۣӦ֮ҪһԷġ

ʱ۶ûעǷɶã˪˪˪˪㣬Ǽ㵽Cа
˪˪˵һʮֵϵϢ㽲Ϸ

ʱżҪ֮˵һȥCеأϴĹʺùwifiקסһսʣãʿwifi뷢Ϣ
ս㱧Ǹ˵ûwifiλҲûС

ʱɫ˲ˣĶˣҪʧԼˡ

˪˪ʱɫѿˣ׷ʣôˣ۱Ҫ˭Ϣ
ʱۻع񣺡˪˪㣬ʱȥC¶֪֮𣿡

˪˪ûʹϵǷ߹֮ʱϵϵʦ֪ȥC𣿡
ϵڻ־ͼͷʣû˵û˵ʱۣҲûͰ֮˵𣿡

ʱۣ

ʱɻһƶ䣬ÿƶ䶼֮ȥ
֮һҪˡ

*

֮ʱڼ׼̻Ĳˡ
Լڼңذ̲ڣӱóĲˣԼϴ
ż򵥰TΧŸΧȹ˴ǺЦϴˡ

ŵζΧŰ֮ȥﲻϷصż⡣
֮ϴһţ⣬гСŽ¸
ʱɤﹾ๾෢úСƵĳ

֮಻ԴЦ˵СԻ
Եרעû

ǰ̧֮߳ͷתȥر°֮ģʱظŰ֮
ֻ֮ûӱ߿תȦ⡣

֮䣺ʱҪǸƵôҡͷ̽ʱۣ̽ôҰɡ
̲֮꣬סЦҲ֪᲻ʱۡ
СӦҲϲСèɣ֪᲻衣

ʱúܿ죬֮׼кˣʱҪԵˣҲϴˡ
ʱ䣬Ѿʮ֮࣬е̨ɾֻ֣ͨʱ۵绰

Ȼһ󣬴Ĳʱ۵ʾԷѹػ
ֻ֮ʶֲһ飬Ȼѹػ

û
֮ǰֻ룬û

֮绰ǰ磬ʱ۴绰ģȥ
ǰ˵ϣ죡

Ӻ󣬸ǰĵ绰׸磬ʱֻػһ˪˪˵绰˪˪ֻҲػȥʱţûӦ
֮ü

ǰоԾˣôˣְʱ˰ʱ۶ˣ
ǰһӦȻ벻ʱΪʲôػ

ƺо˰֮飬ű߱ȥץӣں

ûԼԷ
֮üͷΪûڷǳϵϵʱۡ

ǹֻûˣǰ˵û¶Ҹ΢ʣҲ˴绰ʣżһֻû磬ȥˣû

֮޷ġ
ʱԼźܳȥԷˣŮǲʲô¡

ȥʱѧУ֮˵ϵʱۣʱϵҡ

֮Ҷϵ绰׶δֱӴżҾӷߡ
ʱ۱۸£֮ڵֱǵٴηʱ۱߱۸¡

ʱۺܳһԷ߱߱ȥʱ۴绰˪˪˪˪ȥһʧ
֮Խ룬Խ߱ܣܵһųȥ

֮ȫĵضڵʱ۷⣬ȫȻûע⵽ûţûע⵽һͬܳ
һֱŰ֮ܵߣܵ֮ĳŹϣ⡣

֮ĳɳȥ͸Ű֮ĳܡ
һˣٻͷҼң۶ã
һܳţҲˡ

*

֮ڿȥʱѧУ·ϣڲϴ绰ϵʱۣӰѧԺʦ绰ȥҪܳĺ롣
ڰ֮ĳӰѧԺſʱǰѯʵˣʱۺͱ߱űϵȥCϷϵķɻˣػΪֻûźš

֮ͣУſڣʱ۵ڷ¡
Ҳֻһ롣

ܳĺ룬ʱҲӰѧԺʦֻ֮ϡ
Ȼˣ֮绰ܳ˽ȷϡ

ܳǰ֮ʱۣһһʮʵʵ˵Һ۱ȥˣһ˯ģȻϾͽӵ߱ѧĵ绰˵ϵҪȥCϷ۱ȥ˪˪ǻˣЩʦɱʲô

֮ʱ۵ģ׷¡
ʱû¾ͺã˿

ɽţָ֮⣺˭ӵ߱绰
ܳ˵۱۱ֻϵģʦᰡֻ߱ǡѧУ˳·۱ҪҪһߣ۱˪˪˵绰˪˪˵ڻǣ۱Ÿѧ˳·һߵġ
ܳɺԼû˵סð֮ˣϾʱϲ֮ô꣬ߵð֮׷ʱһˣǧԼˣǷؽ˺ü顣

֮ܳĸֱܳ˵꣬ת򣬵ͷؼҡ
֪ˣûᣬлл㡣ƽ˵

֪ܳΪΣ﷢ë֮ƽ滹ʲôë

ʦðɣ
ܳʣҪҸ۱Ϣأظ绰
֮˵ãлл㡣

ܳ˵绰󣬾ʱ۷΢š
΢źܳϣоԼɵˡ

۱˵û֮ͨ΢ź롣
ղ˵Ǿ۱΢ţǲ˰֮һ

֮ؼҡ
û꣬ȴˢƹʲôȴִڵĶ

ڼʱʧԼδ¡
ʱܽӱ߱ĵ绰ܸ˪˪绰ȴΨûи
֮ԼʱӦֻ˯̫Ժг̼䣬һʱ˶ѡ

ʱҲʧԼǴǸᣬʱ۸ʿϢǻʿǸš
ʱۺǸŮ˲ͬʱŵˡ

ǰ֮۾ԱһʮС£ЩӦ
ۣҡҡͷεԼĲ

漴Ǿ˵Ĳɢ
ʱ۶ʧԼˡ





53.  53   ҲỼûʧ

֮ᵽ˻ûʧ顣

ĸ׶ʧԼ, ʧԼͬʱ
ӴˣΪ¶
֮, ʦؼҡ

ԺĹ, ʧԼͬ

ôɢ
ѽ

ʱԡѽӦµˡ
, ֪

Ȼ뵽ʱ˵ϲͬദĻ޷ʱʧԼ¡
޷ӱһĸо

֮صشЬèӡ
èӰ, ܹĽš

֮, ִֻϣ§Ƶ, Դϲ, ֺðĹ๾
Ų, ֮ԴҲ벻
ķӦǸĹ๾ࡣ

ʱЩ㲻һ֮һӵĻ, ջص
ʱ۲緹Ҳûʳ

߰ɣè, ¶̨档֮𼤹ʣŲ
ƨߵ߸ϡ

֮¶̨̫ɡ£˸, ʣȦض
Ȧظźȥʱʱſӣβͣơ

֮ûֻ¶̨ϰúܣֻвĽŽȥ
̣èҲС

ͲСˣûϷϲãµϲþֻжè׷ʱۡ

ʱۡ
ʧԼʱۡ
뵽ʧԼʱۡ

֮ҧ̣Լһһڵдʱ۵֡
èӰ׷𼤹ʣҲдʱ۵֡
εģдʲôû¡

֮ʧЦ˵᲻ᵽ󣬻ֻҰ
ЦţЦδ۵ס

ֻʮ
֮ǻβ͵ĲèӰͷ۾Ҳˣô죿

δһ죬뿪
ʱۣҲһ뿪

*

ʱغֻ̿˵ĵܶ΢š
Ŀǣܳ΢˵֮ҹ֮ص绰

֮ȻˣʱüͷĪһ£Сɽ
Ͻ֮ĵ绰ȥ
֮ǰɾ˰ֻ֮ţǰմӸǰҪ´ϵġ

ֻ֮˽
ʱִ˼飬֮ǱȻ˽
ͨˣɾû˽ӡ

ʱе㲻ˣ֪֮æ˹ⲻ绰ġ

·ɻϳʱ۾һֱڲͣ绰߱
绰ƺδͨʱ۵۽Ƕˣ˵ģ

߱ʣʱۣм𣿡
ʱҡͷû£ûӵ绰

߱оӦǰ֮ʱ۵鱻֮Ӱ죬ҲʱӰ죬۽ҲƵģ

ʱۺȻ֮΢źѵҳ㿪ſܲͬ⡣
ͨˣ֮ɽĺб

֮ͷǱ֭Ҳ֭
֭֭֮ͬҲǰ֮˿ǵ֡

ʱ۸֮ǳƱעˡ˵Ȼ֮΢š
ؽ˽ͣʱۣҽ͵CˣûܺһԷҲûü绰ҺܱǸǸʧԼҸ·ɻ绰ˣֻû˽ӡ˵Ҫ죬һȥԷ𣿡

Щ֣ʱ۾Լһӳ˺ܶࡣ
ͳϢ϶ǡѽءòá֮ĴʣһҪӼɰ顣
ȻʧԼʵĴǲ̫ú˵ֻһǸ

Է֮ϢʱָǰַͺͰת΢š
ȷһʧˣʱ۲ŷֻŤͷCеĽ־

ʱǰC𣿡߱ʱ鿴羰ˣ
ʱۻͷ˵ûأѧ
߱ţϤʱĻתת
ʱû룬Ц˵ѽ

ѧCز𣿡ʱ룬ʡ
߱Ц˵డкܶģҪ𣿡

߱ϲʱ۷ЦŵģЦؿԼлġ

ɽţʱ˵ţҪģҪʦЩزȥ
߱
Ҳûʲôˡ

*

֮¶̨㲻棬¶̨޷磬ͬһ䡣
֪֮¶̨˯ˡ

ʲٶſڵ̧ͷ֮ŷ˼Ū档
֮δѡ
ٽˣСϣϣſ֮˯

֮˯òƿƤǺܿ۴ˡ
ʱģֻèۣ֮˯ˡ

֮ǱOO@@ѡ
Ų۾ϵ֣ԴŸСܹ
ӣӣСӵϣ֮⿴϶Сˡ

Сɣȥˡ
֮ܿĲ

֮ϣС֮ӡ
֮

ֵһСɣӡ
֮

֮ʧЦ
ȻײΪˣڷСɸԡ

ô԰֮°ſϣСιߣЦ˵ΪҾ㣬㣬Ҳôңǲǣ
ɤ﷢Ĺ๾ڻӦ֮ѽҺͨԵģҺãҪá

èǺ˽Ķ繷ͨԡ
֮Ų۾ڲ۾˹ģʧЦŲԴУҲ⣬ˡ

ԼСɣֿʼ֮Сɣ°֮Ƶġ
֮ŲģĿ𽥱仯ᡣ

ǲ⡣
ʱأʱ⡣

ôɢ
仰˵ġ

֮ͻȻ¥
ײǰ

ǰְ֮ŵ룬ġ
ӵʱ۵ָʾ󣬸֮˲ٵ绰˲΢ţ֮һֱûأͼˣֱҰ֮
֮è¥ǰӭȥ˵ղŸˣôӵ绰ûֻ𣿡

֮ƹǰ¥ŵèϣȥ任·ͬʱ𣺡磬ҶȥCеƱȥ̴绰Ϲæι

֮T׳ϣϵſ߳˵ֻڿղûãٰһʱסľƵͷţҶ䷿ʱ۷ڡ

ǰ֮˵Ļˣ
ǣһ£ҪȥCУǰڰ֮ƨɺʣȥʱʱ۸ղŸһص绰ˣӦҲ绰΢ˡû¶ģ㲻ȥɣ

֮վھǰʾĸǰҴ绰ˣ
ǰ˵ǰԷûûҲ绰ϢˣǶæһΨûʱ㡣

֮۸ֳЦ⣺ţ֪ˡ

֪ˣ֪ʲô˼
㻹ȥC𣿡ǰ˵ҪȥҲ̫æ˰ɣ

֮ϵÿӣתſ΢Ц
ЦֿʼҪ˭Ļ꣬۽ǹţβţȥ쾭𣿷ǵڼҵңȥ

ǰ۾գ
˰֮ô꣬˽İ֮ʵһֱǱ飬ʲô顣
˵ʱʧԼΪ֮϶ִֵһֱڼʱۣȫû֮ȥCʱۡ

֮ˡ
ǰ롣

ԣ˵õĲɢ
֮ߣڿֻ϶ڿƣҾȥ

ȥ





54.  54   ϲ

Ƭ, ϵǿ쵶ն͵ģû˷Ѱʱ, һŲһ߸ʱۺͱ߱Ϸ
ʱ۱ϵѸٽɫ

Ϸ, ϵʱҲҪսţ߱ȥֵʱ䶼û, ʱһϷĻûϣʱҲֻʱ䶼û
չʱɫѾʱ۽ŵ, ڱס˪˪, и

˰ɣ˪˪˵ؾƵԣ͵䣿Ѿˡ
ʱ۵ӹվСӹ, һгרעϷ, ۵û˵, ֻĳ֣䡣

߱ʱ۵ģûȥʱۣͬʱеΪһ˽ʱ۴Cˡ
ֻϣ첻ôæ, ʱʱ۳ȥ档

ʱ۸˪˪ؾƵ귿䣬ˣ˪˪ƵʲôʱͲ͹ͼ˪˪˸绰, ųȥˡ
ʱûµ˭ĵ绰ֻĥ˽绰û, ƵӦúܿͲ͹Ȼпɳϵ㿪΢š

΢ʱʱʵеţİ֮УϾʧԼ
رշģʽƵźŲãѾ΢ˣȴһϢû
ʱüţȻվϴµźš

⴫ʱ۾ֻȥţ˪˪ֻźֻô
ʱ۵ͣڡôβϣͣŵؿſվŵˡ

֮վǰ˫ᡢǺЦ
ʱۺͣȻͣ㣬ǹ
֮

˵أ֮üָҪһ𣿡
ʱûϵֻ𾪣ôʲôʱİ˰

ʱ۵ͣڡβϣͣȵúܡ
̧֣֮°Ͱϣ˵ɢҾʹңͻһ˰

ʱۺͣ˵
ͬʱҲȫûĵִ

𣿡֮ʡ
ʱ۵ͷ

ҪԻ𣿡֮ʡ
ʱ۵ͷҪ

֮ʱۻױִϷ·ݳ˵ȥ·ϴϴɣһҷԻһطȸµ˳ԡ

µˣ
ʱڻعˣֻ׼𣿡

֮ʧЦôҴԶֻ׼ˣ
ʱˣҲŶ

һȥˣ֮ʱڣзţȥϴ¡
֮û˵꣬ʱ۾תš
֮

*

֮Ȼˣ׼˻ģʱۿɸ˻ˣżطϴ·ء

ʱ۸תͷԡң˪˪Ҳˡ
˪˪ղŽӵľǰ֮ĵ绰֪ʱҪȥ֮ԷͲþƵͷˣ׼ȥƵԡ

ʱϴ裬ϴϴŻ˸衣
˪˪֪ô߾ðɵӡֶ
ȥ֮ԻԻǰϴ裬ⲻǵű֮¾Ʋ
֮ɲСӣǸ˰

ԡţ˪˪ѣԻͳԻɱȾưͣ˯˼ҷ
ʱ溰ǿ϶ѽҾͻ˯ˡûԶ͸ڡ

ʱ۳úܿ죬Χԡ˵˪˪㣬һȥԻôܻȾơ
С϶ԡ¶ζһ̵ġ

Ҳȥˣȥ¥ԣ˪˪ʱ۹⻬ļʱϵζˣʲôഩ㣬յ͡
֮ʱһֱздģʱһû룬˵֪

˪˪
֪ƨ

ʱ۷·ֻźˣ֮Ļظ

˵ã֪ˡúϷġ

ʱ̶Ц֮ûҸصϢû͸¶Ҫ£Ȼ;ϲޣ

*

ʱۺö򵥴ͷŷȥ˰֮䡣
÷ߵſڵʱʱˣžͺѽ֮Ϊʲô

ŷʱۻòš
ˣˣˡ
֮ûӦš

ѵ󣬰֮û
ʱ֮ûš
ˢȥˡ

֮վߣÿӽŻ
๾ˮܴ󣬰֮ΧƮŻвﶼζ㡣

ʱ۲ˣſˮ߹ȥҪкͼ֮תֱߡ
ʱۣ
ȥ

ʱĥŰ֮Ǹ׼ʲôʶظ˹ȥ
Ȼʱ۾Ϳ֮վڴβᶯͺڡһſŽųӡ

ʱԻ
ţͿ֮ѵˡ

ʱۣ

֮ǳھͷµˣ÷ǳãխƽױһֳɶɵ
ִ֮ϣƺҪѿӡ
Ѿڳ

ʱۣ
ʱס޷
أ

֮Ҫˣʱ˷Ӧһ󺰣֮أ
֮ͷסʲôʱģ

ʱ۾ûƵĵضţôˣûղ߹ģ
֮ĬΣû۾û㡣մ֭׼һ
ʱۣ
ʶһĻ

ʱһ¾ͺˣŤͷߣǣ㻻ɡ
֮ûͷȤζʱ۵ıӰ
Сղźܻңͦġ

ʱۺߣûȻ͵ػͷϰ֮Ц۾
ƭӣ

֮ôתЦûջȥʱ۵ĻĿ⡣
֮

ʱ֮˳ƭӣȻ˺ԶˣмָʣܿǼ𣿡
֮룬˵塣

ʱ֮å쵰Ȼ˵ޣǿϧˡܿҴһµġ
֮˵
ʱۣ

ƭӣ
ղǹŪɫ|๴𣡣
ˣ

ʱתߣ֮ʧЦק󣬻ǿʶ˭ˣſ͵ҡ
ʱۻͷ

Ȼͷ䣬֮û·ֶĺġ
ʱͨ죬۾ȥ·

֮ƽʱϲ˯˽Ҳ˵úܣϥЦҸղſˣҪһ𣿡
ʱ۱۾𣺡

ʱʵСö
ͶҲȫһƬ糺죬͸˵ӣҡ

֮ģǿŲˣתȥúúãˣȥԻɣһ·
ʱߺߵ˳ȥһ䣺ƭӣ

*

ʱۿﲻˣϺзʱ֮ƭһߣٺˡ

˺һˣʱ¾ӿԡ
ϺзԼ϶ζܲԤڴﵽ㣬˲١

֮·ʱ۰зз⡣
Ϸ˰ɣôûԷ֮ʡ

ʱ󵹿ˮǰˣ۵Ҷûʱ绰
˵꣬ʱ͵֮ɫ۲֮ûн˼

֮ȻǡʲáҪСģ˳˿ơ
ҽ죬Ƶ˵ϾΪ׼ٻʼڣûԹ

ʱۣ
ܺãɹھˡ

ھͶԵ
ʱ۲֮ͣ⣬֮ӲˣЦ˵ʦԵ㣬Ե㣬Եޡ

֮ͦѾ֪ʲô
Ц죺
ʱι

ʱ˵Ͼʹˣ˿
֮

Ȼʱ۹ơ





55.  55   ƭơ

ʱ۾ð֮һ, ɽˮȷʵףιһڡ
һ۶, ι֮ߡ

֮죬ƾ׽, òлл
ʱҲò
֮Ц

Ҫ𣿡ʱۺͻȻ飬Цʣ㻹Ҫʲôι㼸顣
֮ţоʱۺҪС˼

ʱÿζС˼ʱ, ЦöֺˣһС¶߾Ҳ¶ҫ, Ư, ͷһһεҲܿɰ鶼ܺá
û, װȦ, ü, Ƴţ⣬ͬʱǰ̽ŵͶι

ʱ۵ͷԹԵؿ쵽, һţ⣬պպϣ֮ߵݡ
֮졪
ʱ۵ĿͻȻת˸ιԼ

ʱһس, üƣû
˭ղװû۾㡣

֮
ʱ۸ղһЦȻǶűС˼

ڵǸ, ֮ţ⣬ʣü𣿡
ʱ˵ԵǸѽ
֮¿ӣϿ˵Բ𡣡
ʱҡͷŶˡ
֮

֮ʱҡͷևNɪЦģʵǴĵϲġ
ԽNɪģԽϲ

ҲҪǸģ֮ӣ⣬Բ𰡣۱С
ЦڶƵġ

Сʱ΢΢ˣصͷ⣬
һ߸Լϴⲻǰ֮һ߲òϣ֮ڵĵʶʱһ
ǻܰ

˻֮ˣϵû˵ļ죿
ʱ۹䵭˵֪û˵

Ǻǡ֮Ц
ϲһˣ;ôϲ

ʱֱ֮ЦЦˡ
ѽЦʲôѽ

֮ŵԷǱв߱Ǹˡ
ѰõзʱС֮˼ʣʱۣԱߡ

˵Ҳɣǡ߱Ĺ΢ŷ˹
ʱֻĻǡ߱ѧĸ֡
֮ߵĻ˻ȥ¿ӣ󿿣ĵزָ

ʱ۸ܵ˰֮Ȼ仯̧ͷ
֮ûǶָָܸɾǶ
Բˡ

ʱۺϲ֮飬ֵòУ̽ͷʣ壬ǳԴ˲
֮бһۣ˵أ
ͦˣ黹ͦҪ˺Ƶġ

ʱֵҧ촽Ȼֹס˰֮°͡
֮ͷر˹°ͣ΢ͦü

ʱ˫ĿתضǳԴ˫ۣ˵塣
֮üҲˡ

ʱˣˡ
ѽˣʱ۷ſ°ͣЦòУöơ
֮
Ҫˡ

ʱۺò׶һذ֮ɰԸֻˣȻ̲סֻϢ
߱ϢչĻȥطֵù䣬ܶȥ˶ϲ

ѧҷλչĻȥط䡭壬ʲôʱߣʱʰ֮
Ű֮ߵĻʹһȥ䡣

֮ʱڴߡ
ֽ֮߰üʡ

ʱû˼Ȼ֮ô˵ˣЦͷѽѽ
֮ʱ۵ı飬֣ó۲˵ı飬ʱʱЦеģֲ١

֮Ųȵأˣש淢ġ֨
վ˵ˡ
ʱ۾
һߣ֮˵
ʱۣ
ֳԴ

֮תߵǰĸ־ơ
ԭûģڿʵˡ

ֳűţ֮ͻȻͷ˵߱ϲ㣬ϲֱӾܾˣռ䡣
ʱۣ

֮ǺȻ뵽ʱ۵ֱԽܻûʶ߱ϲһֱѧԹֱӸ¡

ʱıˡ
ôܣʱ˵ΪҰаѧæչңѧչҵġ
ʱ۶е㲻ˣ֮ô˵вУ

֮ʱ۵ķӦ⣬ʱ˼߱ϲ£ӦΪûǷŲˡ
˹Ƴϱţ֮ת˵ʱСѣʮˣҿϹ⿪Ц𣿡

ʱɵˡ
ǣ⣬㡭ʱ۽͡

֮ȡƣû˵Լ
еʱҪʱֱֱȥУȻʱֵֹԻ·֪յȥ

֮˵Ļʱٿ߱΢źĶλ뻰ӰˣӰûظϢԵ⡣
ʱۣллѧһûϢ֮ˣڳԻ˵пյģǰչһȥ䡣

ʱ۷˺ü飬ѧûϲظӦûˡ
ϲͰ֮׽˼
ѧûϲظҲò

·ͼ

յظı߱۾
ʱ۱
δϲʱۣظǸ˵ġѽľܾ

ϵCϷ£վǰĶһˡ
Ϊ֮ɹɣ߱룬ʱۣŮӣҲϲ֮ɣ

ʱۻϢֻŻ
ѧϢͺŪһѣܡ

֮Ա߹۲ʱ۱飬ʱ𽥱Ʋ֣еۡ
ʱǲϲ߱ʱ۵֮ѧǵѹϵܡ

ʱ۷˻ͷԷһ̧ͷ߽֮ű
滹ƾƵҺ塣
һֻӷŵǰ֮һֻײһ죬ö

ʱھ뵽˪˪˵ҪȾƵĻ
ҪҾ𣿡
ʱۿһܺȾơεı顣

֮ͷһڣ˻αЦ϶ѣʲôأ
һƣô𣿡
֮˵ҪȡǰıӣҲпȪˮҪ𣿵е

ޡ
ʱеĲ˼ˣ߱ӣڨڨЦЦǲˣҺС

˵꣬ʱ۾߽űһνϡ
һڽǣʱ۴˸ããĿɿڴ

˵ϣ
ʱһڹŭ֮㻹ǲǸ˰

֮ЦٱײƱĶ΢Цʱҵǰɡ
ʱۣ
ˣˣ

֮ЦգƻǺܺúȵǰɣٺڳԣƶߣҲȣİɡ
ʱۣ
̫ˣ

ʱͷܾƵĺζ֮˵ûȷʵͦúȵġ
ܳһϵʱ򶼺þƣ÷Ӿƣ˵ģе㶯ĵġ

˪˪ڸʱֺ˿ڡ
Ȼֺ˿ڡ
Ȼһƶûˡ




56.  56   ϲѽ

ܿ, ʱ۵İͱ˾ƺɫҲ롣
֮ס, ȥӡ

صǰ, ʣҪ´С˵Ŀʿ⣿
ʱһ⣬, Ӧѽ

ʱеͷˣԼоûѵģ֮˵ҪϷ, ͵ͷ

֮, Ӯõһ֣ʱи, ϲõ廨¹⻨
ʱԼ, Ц˵ޡ˽ϲ𣿡
֮Цģǰ
ʱ˵ǰϲõ廨, ϲ¹⡣

֮Ҫ𣬶ѡһϲƬϲƬ
ʱ˵ϲϲƬ

֮ʣϲĻϲصģ
ʱۿ˵ϲ
Ȼͣסˡ

ָ֮žƱ, ߴ٣㡣
ʱޡ

ϲġʱ˵
֮

֮üģȻڲ²ʱ۵ġԼ۲ʱǷȶⷽ棬ûʮȫİˡ
Ĳȷʱڶ, Ǿƺԡ

滰𣿡֮üʡ
ʱ۵ͷѽ


֮Ȼо̡
ˣʱۼȻѾͱ߱˵, Ҳǽչˡ
֮ʱ۳Եò࣬ʱۻȥˣ컹ҪϷֺ˵ƣȥϢȽϺá
Ҳӱܣ̸ȥˡ

ʱͷеΣ˵ĻҲȷʵʵ
СһֱΪԼϲģҲΪԼϲû֣֮ͬϲþͱ˰֮

ղŰ֮ϲģϲ֮Ҳʵشϲ֮
֮ûʡ

֮ȥţ˪˪Ƿڣʱۻȥ˪˪չʱۡ
˪˪ûţתط֮׼˪˪绰

֮ߵԣŲסˡ
ͷϵľƱԼƿȫˡ
ٿʱۣʱţ۾ţ˫ɵЦ

֮
ôҲû뵽ȥôһʱ۾ͰԼˡ

ʱĺȶˣղŰ֮ȥֻֿڿʣ𱭺ˡ
ĺܺúȣûע⣬ֺһֵһźţԴеˡ

֮ߵǰ£ͷ۱ȶˣ
ʱҡͷ˵ûȶѽ
˵꣬ɵЦ

֮Цã˭
ʱۺȻſ˫§˹§硣

§ûеִˡ

֮˲ˡ
ȶ˵ʱۣûˣ硣

ʱϴ裬кŵĹ㣬Щ˵ľ㣬ʱܽ§ЦЦġ
֮Ϣе㲻ȡ

ۣѹסȵ˼ۣ§סӵ֡
ʱ§øˣ촽䣬ʲôϢ緢ϡ

֮ˣţСѹԣɿ磬ûط˯ˡ
ʱ۲ɣ૵ˡ

֮ϸૣڵϡ
ʱ૵ſ磬ΪʲôûҴ绰һֱΪôõ磬һϵҵġ

֮ڵϣʱԹϡ
Ĳӣʪ

ȶˣ૵仰һǼһֱڴĵ绰ǷϢ
û绰˵ʶӦһֱһ

֮§ʱۣǹ۵ĿЦ
Цûôá
ܻҲܻ
Ҳܻ

֮ʮ˳ĲȻ΢Ц˵ϣ˵Ҫȥ֮ͣûûʿҵֻ룬ûյҵ죬ûлΪҵССѣԲ𡣡

ʱʹŵϤߣһˣƺȫ϶ģգã۾һֱΪңΪûŵϳңҲûϳһ۾ϳ𣿡
֮̾š
˵ʲôʱԺ
֮˵Ǹһ۾ϳ㣬ȴûϳ㡣

ʱգգ۾˵ʲôˣ͵ɿƿ
ʱۻλεվ

˵һ۾ϳˣʱ۴˸ãÿ޳Ǻ㿴Ҹд˰˵Ļ˰ﻹҺȵģΪʲôΪʲôôҰ飬㻹˵ôݻ

֮ʱϵᣬѹŭۡ
վקϣƿĿ⣬ûӣûпĬ

Ϊʲô
Ϊĸʱʮһ꣬ĸʮ꣬ʱطͬĸĻĸϲˡס
ԼףΪǿ||

ǿ||¡ǿ||Ѫô˵
ҸκˣҸʱۣܡ

ʱ۵У̫СܾΪСʱԺϲϱˣ±ʮʱ
ԼѪҺģ¶ĶҲţԺʱ۶

Щô˵
ʱԼʱ۵ļ֪ͥԭͥԺǻų

֮˵ЩЩĵֻǰ˵ԲСѣҿʦ㣬ʦĹϵھƵſڣ˺㡣
ʱۣ

ʦʱͷεʣҰ𣿡
֮š

ţʲô
ʱòдǻǸղ˵ʲô˵ֱˡʱ˲䱻ˡ
ԴվվòȣͨһصϣҺҰ֣ȻҺҰ֣
֮Ҳûƣ֣źǸˣ۱ԣԲԭ¸磬òã

ʱԽ壬Խίરા͵ˡ
֮ˣǰҪ۱ޡ

ʱ۲վ˺ţίֿޣ֮Ǹ˵
֮˵Цˡ
Ц֮־ܡ
ʱ죬Ůۣˮ۾Ǳ˺ľǿ

֮ʱ۴ˤվס˫ȣҪã˵˵
ʱ۲ǲԭģİɣ˵

֮˼ֱͷЦˡ
ʱϴŽŴЬģСѾۣġ
ϱסʱ۵ǿĿɳ¡

ʱɳϣͷޣ㲻˵ûĵط˵ۣ˵Ըɣ˵㲻ϲ˵ûⷽİã˵ϲͳͬദ𣿰壿
ʱֱţҭظ˵Щ
ȶˣһֲؼЩ

֮پƷףʱ۴ӦŮѣȴ뽫ʱǿˡ
֮ˣס
Ϸ⣬еرס

Բ۱ջЩ֮˵˵ЩˣǸ˵Բ𡣡
ʱ۸û֮˵ʲôᣬֿôȣôܺһȥ׷һˣԴп𣿿Ȼôң֮Ҹ㣬ⱲӶԭ㣬һУ

ǸУУƷôãôڰҲŲĻͷǰ
֮ʱѿڶfreestyleﵽˣЦˡ
û뵽ȶ˵ʱۻrapԷſͷϵᡣ

ʱۿ޵Դȫҵģֻ֪ˣѹ䵱Ӱۣ֪֪Һ㣬࣬ӳȥι󹫼
֮ʵڿЦãֺЦ۵飬ֻʱСܸˣٴθס۱ˣˡ

ʱ۰ѣӿܲסԼҿ޲ޣҲҪ۱ٽһ۱Ҿͷ쭣Ӱţߵ߶ˤ޿ŹҽдУ

֮û뵽ܵȻôãǸ۱ЦŽУõĴС
ʱãգգۣͻȻû˵ˣ֮һаrapûˡ

ʱҲˡˣɵġ
֮ȤʣʲôҪ𣬴У

ʱҡͷ֪ˣֻ֪˯
˯һɣȻɵɳϣ۾
֮һͬҲԵɳϡ

ܽʱϻʪᣬô޷˯ˡ
ԣ֮ʣϲϲ֮أ

ʱۺƱƵģͻȻۡ
֮ͻȻۣһʱ͡

ʱۺȻ˫ӣȻʹ̧ͷһڡ
ɵЦϲ֮֮
˵꣬Դһ۾һգ˯ˡ
׵ôס֮֮

ã֮Ц
ӿȶ˯šʼСЦѡ

ָ۾ӣߡ
ϲޱ
ڵʱֻۣȫεǰŸҺȾơŸҾƺ˯ɡ

֮վûסδɵϣס
һһأǸеᡣ

ĿɰȤƯʱۣΪ̫Ρ
Ժˡ

ʱ۱ŵϣǺñӣ֮ڴߣס֡

֪ðúܴ׷ġ
Ҳ֪Լͦá

һҪһĸ˭
ǿ||Ķӣã
֪

ϣԶҪ֡
ǰ±йڷ˿֪Ϊڲ±֪ˡ

µǱʱһ֪
һ죬û취û취ٺʱһˡ

ʱۼ޸һǿ||Ķӡ
ʱԺĺӣѪ

ֻҪ񲻳֣ͻԼװԼǸˡ
ɲԶ֣

ĳأʱۻ
ʱ۵ļأ϶ɣ






57.  57   е

ʱڰ֮Ĵ˯ź, ֻ֮´ͷһƣڴ߿˯
С˯ͦȵȥ߱, ֮Ǻñӣ߿, ٸǺã߿

֮⣬һֱô߸Ǳ档
ϲ, ĵ飬Ȥ

˪˪ûʱۺͰ֮ദ̫ãվ绰ѯǷѾ극˵ſ, ׼ʱۻȥ
֪֮˪˪ʱ, Դŷ˪˪ֱʱ۵ķȥʱ۷˯ˡ
˪˪ʱۡ

˪˪Ҳô, ʱ۵ڶߵ, ʱӦÿ, ͰѰ֮йˡ
ʵŰ֮Ϊ˵ģð֮ʱۺȥ׼͡

ʱһ˯ֳ, ȻǱë׵ĴŪѵġ
ۣľǰ֮ߣͷ˿档

ʱۣ
أʱ۳Լͷ

Լͷ, Լͷ˿ȥӰ֮
֮ϲʱСģʻغ棬ͷ, Цʣ£ǵö٣

ʱô֮һѣųѹ
ƿ֮Լ··ڣֿΧԼĴ
ɵˡ

֮ҲѣקͷƵسš
ʱ۳Լͷ˵롣

ʱţ֮ȥˮ

ʱϸ룬ϸ룬ࡣ
ʵġ
Щشίܡ

ţ뵽Լһڣ˵ϲ֮֮
е㡭ˡ
˼˵
ȫˡ

֮ˮݸ𣿡
ʱüһ벻ģ˿ˮȻ̫Ѩ˵ͷۡ
֮
һʱ֮䣬治֪Ǽ١

֮ǰһѾĻҲͲǵöˣЦЦ˫ᰴ̫Ѩ

֮ȺᣬһȦȦš
˾Ҳܽʱ۷ְ֮еСˡ

Сڣ֮ʡ
ʱۡšһ

ٺȵˮ֮ͷϵˮݵʱߡ
ʱ۾ˮֺڣˮ֮֮ͷźá
׶֮źһСڡ

֮ʱ۰̫ѨְʱøֻߣèƵģۣˡ
ţʱۺȻ뵽֮ļҵèˡ
һֱ֪֮ҵèʲô֣ʵ뱻֮ȥҵģһֱ뿴ֻСè

ʱţǡֻ֮ʱʱͣˡ
֮ûҪӵ绰˼绰ͣʱ̽ͷһۣһۣ۾ûʲôˡ

ֻ֮Ļǣᡣ

֮˳ʱ۲ʲôĿ⣬֡
һ󰲾

ʱ˵˻밡
ҲûǺƽ˵䡣

ֵ֮ͷˣʶؼʱ۰̫ѨʱԴԱһ㣬ˡ
֮̾˿ӦϴλǰԷʱ⣬ġ

ʱ˸ö
ƿ´ҪߣһԼ

ʱû߳ȥ֮׽ס󣬱ͣס
֮ʱ۳Դ׷Ӧ˵ԣ㱸ˡ

ʱĵ绰Ҳͣ˰ˡ
ʱ룬ͷ֮Ҫ˵ͻȻ˵ڶ顣

ʱֳ˲ʲô˵״үӵ绰һء
֮̾ûɿʱ۵ֻֽ֣˵绰ᡣ

˷ܵ׸磬Ҫһ¼ĿҺÿѽʲôʱѽĸѽ
ʱۣ
ΪʲôⲿӰûģ֮ͺͱҪ¼Ŀˡ
Ͱ֮ĵӰѾˣûнĿҪ¼
Ұ֮ôû˵Ҫͱ¼Ŀˣ

֮Ա̬Įģأûнӵͨ档
δﲻԾϾ֮һֱǻ˵ҲһǰսӵģƽϾϵˣûϵǲͬҲûϵҾ˵һ

˵ʱȫû뵽Ļ
˵׸磬Ҫһ¼ĿҹأҳģŶ

ʱ۵Ŀ⳹ˡ
Ȼҹҹܸ̫¶ˡ

˵˵Щ͹Ҷ˵绰
ͨ绰ıⷿ˵ա

֮üǣʱ۵֣ʱ۸˦ˡ
ҹءʱޱ˵ڴŶ
֮

֮ʧЦǳԡ
סֶû˵ֻ֮һǸǰ
ƺӡ֤˸ղűС˵Ǿ䡰Ͼϵˡ

֮ûнӣ˾ֻӵԶ
ʱۻͷԶֻȡ˹ӰɣһҪ绰ء

֮ٴΰᡣ

ǰڵ绰֪ͨиʱˣҪȥȳ
֪ͨʱǰҲûţ˵ջˣ˺üˣǶȥ˼ǳ˰֮бᡣ

֮ʱۣ³֣ȥ

ϳµգӣܵ˼Ҳȥ¼죬ǰȰӵĽĿ˶Уܾȳ˰׸硣
֮ͬ仰

ʱ۳ˣѺϢɣȥģȻгӰ壬ҽ˪˪㰲ȥͰ壿

ǰʱ۵סˡ
һϰʱ۾ͺͰ֮һأ
סһˣ

ʱ۲֪ǰʲôΪǵˣ磿
ǰæ˵һСʱķɻ˾Ѿ¥µˣ׸ھƵɣ

ǰն࣬˾źˣƱҲˣð֮òߡ

֮ʱ۵ĳԴģεԴ飺۱Ҫôһȥ
ʱֱӾܾˣûôʱ䣬ҪϷġ

ͦ˼ʱȥȴڵ绰Ӧ˸ǰ
Ӧ֮أֲˡ

˾¥µأ׼׼߰ɣҲˡʱ۴ߡ
֮ͻȻ׵ǰ

ʱû
֮ͷ㷿䡣

ʱ۸ˣǰѽ
֣֮ȥ

֮Ҫ
áʱͻȻ˼ˡ

֮ţұȥɣȻߵʱ۱ţһôߡ
ʱ۸˼ˣ˼䣬˳˹ȥſϡ

֮ײǰ£§ң۱
ʱۺ§ӣͷŶ

ͷʱ򣬶仹ͦ
֮ʧЦ˵ұȥ᲻ýĵ
֮ͷѹõͣ˵Ҳѹúܵ͡ᣬƹҶûƶҶƬᣬлЦ⡣

ʱ۶䱻ӵģ§ӣĵˣẦ𣿡
֮˵ʲô£ֻ㲻ҡ

ʱſϣˣˡ
˵ɱͱСֳţҪҿͱСõƬţҲҸ绰ʱȴǱСýӵ绰

ʱԴﶼǹѪӾС˵ڣ֮绰ӵ绰˵֮ϴ裬绰Ǳ߻ϴˮ
ָ֮绰ε绰Ǳû˵ȴ˺Ĵ

ʱԽԽͻȻ˵֮ҪǸŪʲô߰£Ҹ㣬㡭
ʱԼҲ򲻹֮ð֮ɣ˵ҪŪЩ۶ӣҾϲˣ

֮ˣŪʲô۶ӣ㻹Ҫϲ˭ȥ
ʱ˵ҲܣҪʲôĪ绰ĪƬĪƵĪѣҾϲȥʱ˵
֮

*

֮ˣʱûкһȥϾҪھϷ
߱Ҳûʱ۳ȥˣʱʱżӵ֮ĵ绰
֮һ绰ˣȴʱ۴绰ǰֿŶ棬Ȼܹıһ˰

ʱչؾƵϣֽӵ֮ĵ绰
֮һ仰ǣûϲ˰ɣ

ʱſڴ֣ϲˣС˧ˡ
֮ô˵ˡ
װ

ʱҹأ¼ʲô
֮Ĭˡ
֣ʱȴо֮γĬеֵֹġ

룬֮˵ͱһ𡭡
ʱۣ

ʱҪˣ
ĿΪʲôҪ¼ͱһĻڰûͰ֮һأ
¼أ¼껹Ҫʲô

ʱѾ뵽Լӵֵֹĵ绰ˣдֵ绰
Ȼ죬֮ͱ־Ѵ

ʱû˵
֮Ǳ˵Ц⣺ֻңбˣǵԴ۱
ʱۣ

ȻأʱŮĵֱ
ܾҹô򵥡

ʱʣԷϷϷð֮𣿡
֮
ȷʵˡ
Ŀŵġ





58.  58   ңʱ

֮¼ĽĿ, ȷʵǺͱһ
Ŀбᣬн
ǰ֮ҹȥġ

кüҪͰ֮ÿαҪͰ֮˵ʱ, ĵ̲迧ըз֮ĳԵģˡ
ÿαٻ, Ͷ֮ˣҪͰ֮˵
ҹ˵һŰ֮, ҹԼûȫŽˡ

ԲûзʱԴֵЩСѪ۶ӡ
ʱԴЩʱһ, ֮΢Ÿˡ

˳¼Ŀ, ֮ϽĿľ۲ֱͣӻرǡ
ʱۺͱ߱Ҳص˱, ֮·ɻ, ȥҽԺʦ, ֮ϵʱġ

ʱøպֿܳպҪؾ飬û, УſڵȰ֮ð֮
Уſڣʱϰ֮ĳûһ, Ťͷ⡣

֮򸱼ʻСɨһһֻۣɨĺס
ʱʼų, ӳС۾ŵģżһۣƿ𴦣

ү֮ںͣʱȥԴͦİ
ʱۣ

뼴˵ˡ

֮ЦȷʵԷϷˣ͵ˣǽں˵
֮͵ô壬ʱ۵Ĵ׾Ҳ˼ôˡ

ûԴסʱ˵
У֮̽ͷЦ˵˭ˣС֮ʰ
ʱ۱ԴûС
֮

Сѣ
֮һ·ڣ̽ͷʱǰЦʣҪҹ𣬸㣿
ʱ۱۾ԣлл״ү


֮ʮ꣬㱵һʶŮѡʲô
ȻʱۻŮѡ

۱ڳϵһ
֮ͣ·ߣñӿ³

ʱ۱˱ͣĿתؿ֮ӰҪȥ
ֱ߽֮һһꡣ

ʱ۽¶һС̲סЦ
ĸŮϲϲ
͸֮ӰڻУʱغͻС˵ʹơ

ʱ۴򿪳˫ſڳͷ
óֻ͵

ůڰ֮ĲΧһ⣬ƽʱǷʱ࣬ĵЩշӰһ顣

Ƭ̺󣬻С㽫õһݸ֮֮һ߳ꡣ
·µİ֮ӰأƮŻζ



֮ߵߣע⵽СĿڲ֮ǰǻôƣСƵġ

֮ϥ˫ֵݳһһû¹⻨õ廨ɡ۱տ֡
ʱۣ
˵ʲôĻ

ǣǰףտ𣿡
ʱʣʲôʱˣ

ǲģ֮˵ǰյ
ʱۣ

ʱͣŻûӣò˵ʲôòÿˣǲĻôһǲеС
֮˵ţ׼ܡ
ʱۣŶ

ɰͰ͵һŶӰ۵Ķһ¡
֮ųЦСЦﻹһҲ±ķ˿Ӱĵ˵ţֻǲһյġ֮۱Ժ㲹𣿡

ʱ৵۾

ղźпɵʱ۾ϣִ꣬ɻҰ
ڰ֮仰ֽҿ۾ϵָ֣ٴαþ˫۾ȻǺӡ

ʱЦӯӯ˫ֽӹȻؽӴⱧصڣлл״ү
֮

ʱۣŻֺǡ
ָʱʱػȾָ϶ζһ䡣

һɺ졢ۡõͷɫǻģһʮĶ仨
õ廨ԢȻ˵ˣʮĶõԢ⣬ʱʣʮĶ仨Ŷ㳯ĺĵ˼𣿡
֮

֮һ˵㲻ĵ˼
ʱۣ

ʱֹ檵˼
֮СԻ·ˣʧЦ˵ҵĵ˼

ֻǣʱ̧ͷ˵ĵ˼
֮

ĳﻹֶģ֮ٺ죬˵Ҳĵ˼䡣
ʱЦЦȻЩôʮĶ䣬ư֮ǲˡ

ҪҲӦʮԢء
뵽е飬ǰ֮磬ʱۻ˻Դˡ

֮ƫͷûкһ㣿
֮ںŪʱ۶˼ˣȻصͷŻ˵ʵҲûе㣬е㡭

ţ֮ЦеԴˡ
ʱۣ

ǣûУûСʱ۲Ų¶еΪ顣
֮ЦˣãûС

֮ȷʵû뵽ʱۻԴ׳Եô󣬲һ㣬ʱӦֻǽ£֮ǰСƢ
ҪӸ΢𣿡֮ʡ
ʱ˵˼̫㣬Ͼҵ̫ˡ
ҲǷҪܾƶ졣

֮ȻҲƶˣƶţʣôܼӵС΢أ
ȣʱ˵Сڰ˵ӺƳ
֮ʣôôСڰ˵ӺƳأ

ʱ룬ͻȻ̧ͷӰۣͻȻĳһ죬΢϶ұ𣿡
֮ʣ𣿡
ʱ˵֪
ͻȻ뵽£ое̼
Ӱ۱װ̼

*

صƵ꣬ʱŻطĵһ¾ǵһƿ
ʱ۷˰죬ʵҲܲ廨֮ǰƿƿӵˣͻȻһһ˷СͰ
һͰٿһۻֱޱȰ䡣

ʱѸˮɾСͰСͰϴ˰ˮýһŽȥ
ʱ۾ԼǼˣװСͰŵ̨ϣ˵ÿ̫޷족ˣ֮µͬƿ컻ƿ

֮õ廨أҪúš
ʱ䳤һ㣬Ҫ͵л

ʱ궩ԡ׼ϴ裬ʱȻ
ʱ֧Ŷ涯ǰ֮۱𣿡

ʱһ´ȥţôˣ𣿡

֮ſۿĿ΢٣Ϸ˲ײĻţȻ㣬ͺʲô¡

ղڸʲô֮ʡ
ʱͻȻֱ׳ûʲô

֮ͷ˼Խ򷿼ڿȥ
漴ͿĻͰͰڴ̨Ϸš

ʱ۸ֱ׳ˣûҵƿͷŵͰͦǵģǰɣ
֮ͷţǣ


֮޿˵ֻ΢Цؿ
΢ЦʲôЦЦЦ

ʱ۱ú󾱷飬Ī

û¶ҹ˰ʱ۴תܡ
ֵ̧֮סţǽһСѡ

ʱ۵ӲҲű
ʲô


ʱ˵ûҪܰ
˵תܡ

Ȼֱ֮קס
קס֣סָ⣬ص˵ߡ
ΪҸղо仰˸㡣

ʱ۵Ĵǣϣĺ̡
ֺ̡

̧֮ͷЩͰĻٴۿǡСЦ۾ʵûвãǷݵĳ硣

ʮĶ仨Ԣ⣬һû㡣֮˵
ʱ㶵ؿ
Ԣ⣿

СɵƵġ֮Ȼûסš
ʱ۱ƵúԴһΣǧƵֵڽͷЩţʲôԢ⣿





59.  59   ԸŮ𣿡

ʮĶ仨Ԣ, ֮ſȵĵƹͷĵƹ⽻У, ˵, ʱ

ʱͻȻУ˰ģ֮ͨͨӿء

ɵɵʣ, ʱʲô˼

֮˵ң㡣
ʱΪ㣬ҵļóá

, 㡣
ʱ, Ϊ㣬ҵļóá

ʱĶˡ

*

ʱһǡõľѽǶ, °֮Щ
֮ڱ༭ƬAPP, ϸѡƯ, ֮˵ġңʱ˸֣Ƭﻨ·, ֻᡣ

Ƭʱ۵ֻһˣƬҲûˣֽƬϴƶ, ų׷ġ
֮׵Ҫá

Ȼʱ۵˺öΡ
һ, žƯİɫɴվ̨ϣΧкܶƯװΣҲкܶϤˣȫЦ
תͷԼŰְְֵ֣һվڳ̺ľͷְڿǰ

е£˳Űְķ̧ͷˡ
һɫװβҪ׸ʮĶõ壬ػ

ߵʱĿ⿪ʼɢýţð
ŽģһƬģ

˭

ʱŬ۾Ҫ˵ͬʱŸ߸ЬŲȥȻʱһǽȻֹʱ৵ۡ

ʱ۴ڴϣߵһʱֲϻϡ

֪Ϊʲôֲ̫õԤС
ͺּһĸо

нļţˣˡ

ʱڳѹ˿϶ǰ֮ôͱأ
˭

ӦС֮ӡ
Ŷ

ʱ۶ǵ㳿˲ˣһͦץ·ϴкιɣ
֮µƴ𣺡ү͡

ʱ۵ȴţп㣬ֱΣˤȣһ£Ϻá
֮᣺ûϵҶȡ
ʱҪ˵ܾãִȵĺǣȵʯá
ʱۣ

ʱۿŦ۵Ķͣס˵λôһ͡ͺеأ
Ͻ·ٵˢϴͷʱֱͦ忪ųȥˣ߰ɡ

֮ĴȴԶԴת˸һٰʮȣѾˣ㷿ԣ˳ǰһϷ
ʲôϷʱ۱Ť黨ͷ첻ûĶϷ𣿡

ˣϷĸĳɽˡ

ôָˣ

һûʲôʱ۱߽ӹͱʣĶΣ
֮յϷ


ʱ̧ͷλӰۣӰϵıռˣ·ֻ˵Ϻáһ
ʦе㹷ʱ۳Ͽҵ˵
ΪϷѾĵòˣûˡ

̧֮üûйè
ʱۣ

֮ţʱֿץһӵϡ
ôһϷôǳ˸øɵ£ôܹ

͹룬֮ĵһ䣺үѾĹϷһϷ㲻Űɣ
嵰ϵν͵ʱۣͻȻֶ׽̧ͣͷɵ

֮΢ЦŽԼļ嵰ʱۣʱུ͵ļ嵰Լԡ
ʱ۸ܵ˰֮仯֪ʶ֮ĴҪϷ

ҪĵӾϷһϷ

֮װĴر˧ʮֽǰུ͵ļ嵰ʷǷֽӵ
Ұ֮Լ嵰ԵرƵϸţһ߻Ŀתضʱְ֮ڽĴ

ʱĥĥͣףֽʱѾͨ졣
׼ȷ˵Ӱ֮ٴ˵ҪϷʼһֱ죬˼

ʱתͷŵľ룬ܹȥٶȣȻͻȻɿܡ
ٶٿ죬Ҳ첻֮Ĵȡ

ѵһϣת˲֮Ѿסǽϱˣ˫ֳ࣬ͷЦʲô

ʱ۾ֻ̧ҿɯᣬᶼúܺÿ
ʱ۱޴ˣ޿ɶ㡣

ˡͻȻʱŵһ

ʱ̲סЦЦ˭ѽ
Ǹǰǰʱۣ׸㷿м磬ӵ绰

ʱֻˣڵڵģ
֮

*

Ϸˣǰ֮˵˵ѡ
ǸĳӾϷ֮ʱ۵һӾϷ

ʱ۵Ƭ󣬱ϵһûϵǴ绰˵ʱۿֱˮӾǰһηһ¡

ԱԱæŲʱ۾ˮӾˣ˵һȦһȦˣ̧ͷرߣǻû
ûȻҪ̲סˡ

ʱ۵ʱʹƮˮϡ
ƮúܷɣƮס˪˪ڳر߿ʱۣʱɵ˯ˡ

ʱƮأ߹ӾƮŵˣ˪˪ʱ𣿡

Ʈŵ˴ӾǱɵģû¶첲û¶ȶǱˮʽģӾñӾרҵӾ˶ԱƵģ治̫ܿ˭
˪˪Ц˵ʱۣ˭ôеûš

Цˣڳرˮˮ£˵ʱۣͷؼƬŮе̶ȡ
ʱЦˣˮתһȦιժӾϵ˵ˣһͷˮΡ
ţȥΰɡϡ
ʱּˮƮţƮٵӾӾһ㡣

ˮʱۣԾؾ¶΢Ц
ʱĸܣŮ޾ǵġ

߽֮Ƭ̧ͷ
ֱؿӾأ˳ŽĿ⿴ȥʱӾ

߽֮ͬʱʱҲ
ʱ۸صߣժӾַųرߣ־ٸָŽͷ˵磬ƿˮݸһ£лл

ʱ϶ˮʱЦţӾضǲĻϣӳϵˮ͸⣬շ

ϵĹ⣬ʧ룬ŻͷƼϷƿȪˮ
ȥãֱֻˮƿ

ͣס̧ͷ֮ջ֣ʲôʱģ
֮㿴ʱۿóʱ򡣡


ʱۿ֣֮Ȼ˲ͺˡ
ҪһӾϷ֮ʹװӾأ

֮ˮƿתšƿǣڳرߣݸʱۡ
΢Цţζ˵ˣöȵ㣬ʡһʡ
ʱۣ
ˡ

ʱûˮƿתȥӾˡ
֮ʱתʱˣЦһˮƿųرߣߵԱߵ¡
£ֻʾһİ룬üҶϡ

֮ɫ֮ղŶʱʱЦòã绰ɫͲÿˡ
ʣڽϵ̫𣿡
֮˵ڽԣٹ۲켸죬ӦÿԳԺˡ
ǣ
֮û˵Ŵĺ

֮˺󣬱ϵҲˣӾʱ۵رʱۺͰ֮Ϸ
ϵôʷǳֱףⳡϷǵҪǳǳɾ仭棬֪𣿡

֮Цʱۣ֪𣿡
ʱۺҡͷ

֮ƫͷΧû峡ʱϽܣʲôʱ峡Ƚ̽ʱۣ
Ա֮εĹĸǰ
֮ǰϷʱ򣬱ֵжô

ʱһغˣԴӾ꣬๾ðݡ

ǰΣҪһ̸𣬻ͻȻʱֻˣմĵ绰ߵһȥӵ绰

Ͻ֮ܿʱ˵ϷӦûʲôˣ峡
峡ȴûߡ
еҪֵ˼

֮ڳرߣˮʱ۸ˡ
ʱԴʪģ۾Ҳʪģͷ

֮ҵĹԱ
ʱƺҪͷˮֹ֮ס䡣
²ȥˣʱͷ

룬֮䣬˵һҿܻǵúå
ʱۣ
˵һǵå˵Ļͺåˡ

֮˵һ룬ڴӦҵŮѣһǲôǣǵ˳ˣ

ʱҧס촽
ʽѯҪҪŮѡ

ӺȻᣬ۾Ҳˡ
仰˺þúþá
˵ġҡ

ʱűӣ˵ҡ

δ˵꣬ǰͻȻææ׸磡
ǰֻ죬һµ绰£

ʱҪ˵Ļϡ
֮üδӣҲڵһ̡

ʱģʾȽӵ绰ˮ๾ðݡ

֮ЦˮߵһԽӵ绰
յӶ洫ѹС˵֮ˣˣҰֲ





60.  60   ֮֮


, ֮ɫʱ䣬ĿҲȻ仯

˵ˣ˵, ˵㣬ԭ¡
˵ϵ, 㲻ҽԺҪһֱҰֲȥ

յСԥ, Ǹģ֪֮㲻ұ绰֪, ֪Ұֵ塭, Բ𡭡

֪ˡ
֮˵ڹȥ

ոǸˣ֮Բ𡣡
֮û¡

֮绰, תٿˮʱ, ղŵˡ
ʹ޵, ̵ģģڵġ

ʱҲ̧ͷ, ̧ͷĪо绰ա
ٿ֮ӵĿ⣬֪ô, ͵һʣ磬Ͻڳ

, һ
һ̣Ѿԭ˵ǵ£ֻص˴ǰ

𡱣ĸ֣ʱû˵ꡣ
ͻȻ£Ͻڳˣ֮Ҫȥչա
ֱֱ֮֮ǰһֱϲΪҪչա

̧֮ͷûпʱۣĿˮ

֮ߵʱǰ
ã˵ʱۣϽںܺãû¡

ʱûٽСѺ۱֣һúۡ

Բ𡣡
֮Ȼ˵Բ𡣡

֮˵仰ûٿ
ʱͷ
ΪʲôҪ˵Բ

֮תͷϽܣǸϵҪȥ첻ˡʧҸ鷳չɡ
˵֮꣬ȱϵͬ⣬תߡ

ʱӾʪ˹ȥ
ץס˰֣֮֮Ϊʲô˵ԲԲʲô

֮ûͷᲦ֡

ʲô˼
ʱ۱֣ܵǰ˫ۣŵͷ֮ʲô˼

֮ǲ飬ȴԲʱۣ㵱Ҹղʲôû˵ɡ
˵գ̧뿪

ʱۻվԭء
Ű֮Į뿪ıӰӿ

ǰҲ֪ˣֱͷƤ顣
ô˰ʲô˰

Կ׻ڸǰǰ֪󣬸Ͻ׷Ű֮ܳȥ
׸ȥģҸ㿪

ʱ۽ӲվԭأһƬհס
ղ飬˵һһϲΪʲôͻȻˡ

ܸоõоõϲ
ʼϼǵ
ٵϲ
ڣ׷ôãջеĻ

ʲô֮

ʱͻȻһ˳ȥ
󺰣֮֮

ʱ۱ߴű߳ȥ˪˪ӭʱ۴Ӿܣæסţԡԡ˭ùԡ

ʱۻˣɵˣֻ塣
˪˪Щס

ʱͻȻůԡǽ
˵ȥ·Ҵȥ

*

ʮ¥ĵݣ˽ú
֮վڽͷﶼǹµ

ΪǸˣⱲӶûʸϲκˣҲûϲκˡ
ʱۡ

֣ԵʶǸˣԺúϲʱۡ
Ǹ˳ˣˡ

ʱմİࡣ
ϲʱˡ

һжˡ

ſָ֮糣߳ڵݶϵһѸվ

ʮģƫݣձ״̬ˣ˵٣ԾɿԷֱӢ
ˣ֮Щ

ӭˣּ˫޴ţַ̧£ӣְ֣֡

ǰǰ֮ĸס

֮ȴδһۣתһȡ
պʦڲȵϣڵվ

֮߹ȥʦкʦ
漴գʦ㣬ʦطϢ

˹δ˵¶޴롣

û
ʦﵣ˵֮㣬𡭡

ʦģû£֮ºͣݵʦ㣬ʦط䣬ȻʦҪġ

ٵʦתȥƿţὫ˽ȥš
ֻʣ°Ͱ֮

̧֮ۿ񣬷ڿһɱСˡ
ʲô

񱻰֮񾪵ˣǰץ֮ӣֲңͰ˵ӣ룬뿴㡣
ˣ֪ˣԭҡ

̧֮뿪
ˣæ׷ȥӣ˵仰ӣ֮

֮ߵǰݣ̧۵ȵݡ
񼱵ӣ˵仰֪ˣô㣬ô£֪ˣֺǸ˵Բ𣬰֡

񽥽˼ʹࡣ
ӣ֪ˣǰĲˣڸˡ

֮԰δͷ
֪񲻻ģˣҲˡ

ʹڣӣĶԲ𣬶Բ㣬Ǹ㲻ԭ°֣ҲͰ˵仰òã־ֻһӰ

֮˫ֲ嶵վţͦɡ
ŰѪȴ԰ûκ飬ֻĮ

ӣ㵽ðѵðָ֮
ΪԼѾϴˣɶȴòʹ֮ӣ

ֱ仯ڰ֮ӳѪҺһĺ졣

ʹ˵ˣͻȻ˫ϥأԼӹ

֮˰µδͷ

ңӣֻ֮ǰܵõԭ¡
ʹ˵ԣúóԶٷҵ飬ķգ֡

ˡ
ݼҪ֮˵

ҡͷӣԭ

ż򿪣ֱ֮תקס˰죬
󣬲Сʱһ޴ֻܰᣬֽץŰ죬¶ɡ

ӣʲô֮ſңҲߡ
ʹַŭ·ԼӴһ֮ôקңҲߣûô԰ֵģӡ

ͬʱſ֮Ҫ˦ȥͻȻ߳˶ӣͣס

ʱҪݣ̧ͷ֮˪ץһٵˣ֮Ҫˣס
Уһǰſʱ˺ӡ

֮Ȼ֣˵ʱǰ˿Ϸز
ôˡϢȡ

ʱ۸ܵ˰֮ȵڴɫ䣬кޣ촽úֱ
ʱͷ֪ΪΣȻۣңҵ㡣

㵣ģ֮ת򣬽תȥ泯ݣݣһ¥߰ɡ
ʱ۲ŲҪߣﺰšҲӲҪܳݡ

֮İǰŵʱ۲
֮ɫĮҲģͣݼֻܼꡣ

ʱ۲֪ʲô£֪ԼΪʲôȻޣͷǿ˵Ҳߣҵ㣬Ҫ㣡
֮ĿˣʱۣԣȻȥ
ʱⲻϲţҡͷ

֮߰δʱȰߣߵİధ󣺡ӣ˵仰ԭ¡
ʱȫʣǣ㡭
ǣ֮ʱۣȥ

֪֮ڵʲôˣֻڰ󣺡ԭ°ֺòã֪ˣ֡
죡֮͵ػͷ

񱻺ס죬Ҳֻһ룬ּ˵ֽȥЩֻ꣬ڹ֡
֮ͷ죡

Լӿ޴ıӣְȻȻ
ʱͷ֮źţ᲻֪





61.  61   Ҳˡ

֮ʱ۵, ۡ
һϣ̵ȫۡ

ʱ˰˵ġֽȥЩꡱ⼸֡

ں治ͣ˵ţ֮, ̧˫סʱ۵Ķ䡣
ʱ֮ܿĿܸ, ᣬвᡣ

硣˵
֮ЦˣЦú, Ц۾ˮ⡣

ʱ۲ΪˣҪ֮Ȼͷ
һǣֺء
ص롣

֮ɿʱ, ӵʱͷס۾, ݡ
ֽϽݡ
Щ÷·ֻ˲䡣
ŵŲ֣֮, ƽס, Źϡ

֮Ͱ, ʱڶʮ¥

ʱõ֮סߵ·վڿտյĵſڣᡣ
Ǹ˵ġֽȥЩꡱ⼸, ֮ĸףǽ
׽ƿ
֪ʲôþûز

ʱۣ
֮Ͱ, ⿴ʱۡ

ʱۻͷգ˵ʦá
տ֮ͰѾ, ֻʱۣʣ֮𣿡

ʱ֣֮˲ų׻תżذݼ

ղ֪˺ʱʱ۵żģԼܲ³һ㡣
קסʱ۵֣ʱٰݣʱۣ׷ȥˡ

ʱգյжǣ
ʦʶղǸ𣿡ʱʣǸΪʲô⣿
ĬȻ˵ʰ֮ɡ

ʱ۱ӷ᣺ңҲ֪Ϊʲô֪
Ǿ͵Ȱɣ˵ȵ˵ʱɡ

ʱҡͷȣҪ֪ʲô
Ҳ뱧ܸоܣǳܡ

ʱۻ˵ʦſҪȥ
ղţʱ۹ԣԼҪ׷ȥˡ
ʱҡͷ֪ܽô죿
˵ܣ͸Ҫɡ

ʱҡͷҪġ
ץţѣƵ˵ҪҪ㡣ʦſ֣ˣſң𣿡

ʧ֡

ʱ۵ػɣ˵лл֮ͣݡ
ڵУҪþòʱ۸ɴֱܿȥҰȫͨܡ

տʱܿȥ׷֮ıӰȻʶδ֮
룬֮ôǿܽκ£ˣֻҪһĿռͺá
δ֮Ҫ飬ҲδҪǿ

ʱ۵Ĳͬ롣

*

֮ʧ⼸죬һֱ죬ɫɣɫҰɫɫһѹء
ŮڣֲֽڣϽܶͷֻܼϣ¿ͷѡмѣβѡ

ϽھȾģˣ׼һ£⼸켯ĽʦϷݣ鷳λһˡ
ڲױϽܹȥ˵㡣
ڽ﷢ʱۣҡͷ˵ûϵ⡣

Ըǿȵϡƽۣÿÿʧ㶵ʱʱĪۣܡ

գ绰ǰ磬治֪ģǲ˵
ǰҲԩ治֪
˺Щطˣǰ˵ûҵ
޿κΣǼҰɡ

ǰҲ֮£Ҳûˡ
ǰ֮żʧҸ˭ҲҲĵطԼ֮ٻ˵һֻһأ˭Ҳ

ǰֱзִİ֮Ӧùͻˡ
Ҷģһ֮ûأӰʹˡ

ǰ绰Ƕհ֪֪֮Ķҵ𣿡

ڴ֮ͨĵ绰Ҳҹ֮ȥ˰׼ҵϷӡ
Ϸ˽ȥĺۼ֮뿪ҽԺӦȥϷӡ
ɰ֮ģҲ֪

հ˵磬֮зִ磬̫ġҴŻ֪طҲȥҡ
ǰ˵úãҲ֪зִ磬ǵİһ֪׷ʲôգڻ治Ӧ鷳㣬Ҳʵڵģ鷳ˣҲСĵ㡭һ
˵ãҲ̫ˡ
ǰôܲġ

ǰѾ뵽ҪҪ£뵽ð֮ĵ绰˹
֮ڵ绰˵û£鷳ϵ⼸ĽϷҾͻȥ
ǰǷ˵ģ֮¹Ȼзִģʣϰףڡ
δ֮꣬Ҷ˵绰
ǰٻزֻ֮Ѿػ״̬
ǰ
Уô֮û¾ͺá

ʱԲ˯ãڵİ֮
Ӹǰ֪֮ûˣҲ֪֮϶һ˶֮ڿ϶ܹܺµ

ʱڰҹʱȥ֮ùţûӦţ֮ʼûؼҡ
ӸǰҪ˰֮һЩַһһȥѰˣ֮δЩط
һ˴ʧȻף°֮δһʧ
ֻһ룬޷ܡ

ɢһգӭ
ʱվ̨Ͽ췢̫ɹ̣ͷʿգŰ֮ȥ

ţʱͻȻ£ת·Ь˳ȥ
˪˪ʱ۷ܣæʣ۱ȥİ
ʱͷص˵Һ֪ˣȥ

˪˪æҪϣڷﴩ˯£·ʱûӰˡ

ʱۼ˰֮ȥֱⷿ
ǰİ֮·ûһ©ˡ

ⷿڽţʱ۵ԺţŲſ壬ͣ塣
Ǻõģ
ʱۿͷк㣬ӦҲǺõġ
ûӦ𣬺ûˡ

֮ʱ۲±ųɤӺ֮ڼ𣿡
ʱۣ֮𣿡

ûкκλӦ

ʱתȦΧǽЬǽץǽǺǽܲס
ӵǽ˰µףСʱǽĹʹ
첲ϥǲȫǻңҲ˵ƤҺѪһģ÷˰ɹȥˡ
صʱҽű𵽴ӽĵͷһ顣

һʱȥţδ
Ǿˣ

ʱ۹˲ϵ·ϵĻң¥֮Ӧ¥Ϊҵ֮˫糺졣
ʱ¥漸̨ʱŲһ̨ס

ʱվ¥ݿڣ¥⣬Ӿӳòԣûл㡣
лԴҶӱƣǶأһƬҰܡ

ȥһϣһ
ʱ۵ĺȻݺһ־ȫ䣬޷
Ȼսȭͷסſȴ
ҪȷǷк

ڣŵһһһһ
Ѫɫ»صʱϣ˿˲Щ̱ٵء

ʱ۲żĲ߹ȥŵúᣬ³
߽ˣӢޱ㲡
˺ӣɫܲڡ

ʱû˵ӣ˵ϡ
ҵͺãֻͺá
Ưģ˻ȥ

һŰ֮ǷӲ컨յ͸۽ϵͶӰµ࣬δ˯ӳ㲣ϸϸĺ
ֱȣʱ̧˫ڵϷͶӰ֮Ҳϵĵ˺ۣɫɫδãЩĺۼ˵ģµġ





62.  62   䲻㣬֪𣿡

ʱ޷֮жì, ˳̶ȡ

ʱ۰߻Ƶϡ
ǸȻڡ

ϲ, ʱ۾룬Ӧúϲ 
, 
ʱ룬Ӧǰİɣ

ͻȻ֮ۡ
۰ﶼǺѪ˿, ƺδ˯

ˡ
Ʋ⣬˵š
ɳƣƺûкȹˮ, 촽Ǹɵġ

ʱ۵ͷ, ίίòҵ㡣

֮ȻЦ㰴, ܳ
ʱʣˣ
š

Ϊʲôҿţ



ʱû, ϾʱҲ, ԸţԸӵ绰

ôģ֮ʡ
ʱ̯Ƥ֣ǽ

ʱ۵϶ǻ, ѪϸССʯ˿ϣͲԵСˤһ첲ϥҲǻҡ
֮ü, վ

֮ƺþûվ·ˣվһ˲䣬ǰһƬ, Ҳ˺ü롣
Ŀƣʱ·ϲĻңҡͷȻץϴֳء

ʱûпܱץ󣬲ûпܣϸȥֵ¶ȡ
ֺ̫ɹôã־Ȼô

֮ˮͷʱ۵ְˮͷ£ණ
ʱ۲̫ۣܣ֮Įƫ͹ⷢ˻ۡ

֮һۣû˵
ȴˮСس塣

ûɴ֮ҽƷ֮ſ˵˪˪㣬ȥһ¡
ʱ۲ŲҪȥֽ˲û£ѪУֲǶ˿ڡ

֮۽˵ƹɻΣ۾
ʱߵǰᴹۣ죬ץ˰֮֡
֮ü鿪

ʱ۾ǿٴץס֡
û˵ģ

壬ҵֺůʱ˵о𣿡

֮Ҫٳ鿪֣ʱסž
ʱ۵ĺůģůġ

ʱϣʣ磬˵ʵ𣿡

֮ûٳ鿪֣ʱ֪
ֻ֪Ҫĸ֣ģôܻ
ס֣۵ġ

ʱ˵Ҳ֪֮ìʲô㲻˵ҾͲʡģҿ϶ʡ֪㲻κ˳㣬ҾͲҾͰ㣬𣿡
̫֮С
ʱۣ

ʱܻһδڰȫͨ޵ʱһĸߣض˵ÿ˶ʱ򣬽㡣
죬仰͸֮磬ÿ˶ʱ򣬽㡣

֮۽
ۣ

ʱ۶΢Ц
ɾģģá

ʱۡ
ʱ۵ͷ˵

ɿ֣ʱһ㶣Ͻס

ؼҰɣ֮ܿڰ׷Ư۾ҽнȥ
ʱҡͷҲҪȥ

ʱ۹ִúܣӲģ˶Ӳģᾡ˼ҡ
֮Ҳһ㣬ṥ֮

ʱ֮ۡ˵
ʱ̧ͷܹԺܹԵӡ

֮Ÿδǣͬʱһ㲦ʱ۵֣ʱۣڻСкܶԺܶܺõˣϣԺ󡭡

ʱ˫ɲǱ죬Ҫƿ
ߵ˵֮˵ϲˣȷϲˣǸҲϲңҾͻǸ˽飬ˣˡ

֮۲סŨŨᣬɤһһ˵䲻㣬֪𣿡
ݵˣʱʱ۵ߣ˵Ļ

㲻Ҫ˵䲻ҵĻҲ֪䲻ң䲻㣬ʱۼˣվ̧˰֮°ͣﺬᣬںܣܣܵҪˣ㿴𣿡
˫ۺţ
һС˫ļᶨȴ·Ȱ֮Ҫ졣

֮һα̧°ͣһСĿֲʶʱ۶ĸ飬ʶԼĸ飬񽥽䡣

ȻҲܣ֪ܣʱۺȻ˿ڣ㣬ҾҪ㡣
ſ°ͣϣͷ

֮ȻʧЦʱۣң
ʱ۵ͷ㡣

ʱαϲɴ༷żţȥ
ţ뿪ߵˣֱֱؿ

ܽͬһϡ
֮ţʱ۲ţͷǻȵģ˵ĺҲȵġ

ʱ뱧֮ôĽӴʱ־壬첲ȥ֮ȴü˿Ψֱ֮վ
зУⷴвǶʱۣƺǶԼԼ

ʱĪоԼǲɻ۸ŮƵġ
ɻ𣿡ʱʡ
ָΣɻҲˣҾ㡣

Ҳˡ֣ʱ۶԰֮ԡ
֮ơ

ȥɣˡ
֮վǶϾһ̵飬ݣ¥

ʱں濴Ӱ˵䲻Ļҿ
Ȼ췴˼ʱЬӣӾȥ

ͨһ졣
ڿյⷿＫ

Ѿ¥ˣ˻Ųҽš
Ϊʱˮһ۾ǿӾء
ӾƮŵСЬ֮פ¥ݿڣ̾˿

ʱЦˡ
֪

ʱֻҽŴЬһȳһһһ

֮Ҳʣ⣬Ҿ㡣
ʱߵǰ̧ͷޱ˵ǰң㣬ƲңҾҪ㣬Ҳߡ

֮ƿʱ̫ˣͷʱȴȻ
ůģֱůģůġ
һůСණס

ϲ
֮Ȼɿڣת¥ָĮ

ȻߣǾߡ

*

ʱ۱Ӻͮͮڰ֮ǰ¥
Ӻ죬ΪҪˡ
ð֮ߣҲձ뿪

߳һ¥֮첽׷ҪЬʱ۲ƿŹţֻҽŴЬԺ
Ժӵ涼̵שȥ
ⲻҪܡ

֮Ȱֻͨ۵ظš
ߵǰʱۺȻߴţԱߣҪǽȥôôߡ

ˣ֣֮⡭
δ˵꣬Ȼ˵գһ飬⺢ǲҵģ

ʱۺͰ֮ͬʱͣ½Ų
Ǹ˵ʱ˭֮óǱ

ĬŮ˵ǡ
ʱ˭ˣա

ʱԼǵøǰմ绰հæҰ֮
գҰ֮İɣ
һˣ׷չģ

ʱ̧ͷ֮˻ۣ죬װҪ󺰡
Ȼ֮߹ס졣

֮ʱ۵죬§ʱ۵ʱ⼫ˣϿ
֮ü˺󣬷֡

ʱٴҪ졣
֮ٴס죬ʱͷЦۡ

ŻСЦһжӲһ̾ж
ϣģϣԺЦ
ǣС
죬ͬʱ˺뿪

⣬ųۿա
ȫ⿪ˣǱôҧš




63.  63   ɿʹ࣬ҲҪ

մſ, С¡Ļβס
Уӿ

ⱱһһˣʱﶼǺɫ, Ŀ䵽նʱɫת, ʱֱɫ
˶ŮˣֻİһŮˣ

һգʣ˭ģ, ң˭ģ
ţ޹ء

ͻȻݣ˭йأͰ֮йأ
ܲţ

Цգø˵ʵ˵ʵ, ҴȥҽԺ⺢, Ųţ
ûҹ

ߵǰ, ˵, Ҫϲ֮ǲǣķҪ֮ǲǣҪһ, Ǹǿ|鷸Ҫǿ|鷸Ķӣ㡭
žһ죬մ˱죡

ڡ
֮ɫɲȥѪɫ
ͻطſʱۣ˺

ǿ|鷸
, ǿ|鷸Ķӡ

ţ֮סʱ۵Ķ䣬ס

ʱκ, ͷŰ֮ɫ԰, ۶ʹࡣ

ԣǰ֮һһƿԭ
ǿ|鷸Ķӡ
ʱȻ¡

ʱ۵ᣬ֮ɫӲҰףҰſ
仹ʲôãѾˣ֪ˡ
ڶΪԵˡ

֮ٿƿš
ʱۻˣܹȥ׷˵Ҳ⣬ߣʲôû֮ߣ𡭡

֮Լ۾࿴һۡ
ţıյ

֮ͻȻ߳ͬʱ¶졣
ͻȻ̥ܿٿɿ

֮տ˰֮վŵʱۣȻľˣΪ֮ۡ
ʱˣʱ֪ˡ
֮ܲ˵ġ

֮ߵǰ£в𣿡
ָ¡ָǿ|鷸Ķӡ
۵㣬һӵ۵㣬׾ٵػٵҵ۵㡣

ϣûУǡ

˵ѣȷʵвա
£ܱв

Цţĥгݣգ㲻֪ĸ
պ죡

죬޼˰֮հˡ

ƽ֮˵ԣҾвġΪ㣬Ĳ鲻ԸغһĴ
죡ŭ

ʱ˫ۿն
Ϊ֮ʲô
Լ

ְ֮ƽü԰֮ķӦܲ⡣
̧ͷñеǸ֮رġСá

յĻЦ֮СͦǰɣιС֪ļͥôʣô˶ģǿ|鷸ġ٣

֮ͻȻһȭ򱡰
վ֮

޷رһȭĵЦǽˣǿ|鷸򣬱С㡭

δ˵֮꣬һȭ򱡰ȥ
֮׼ڰ֮ȭͷӹͬʱֵ̧ס漴ֵ̧֮ʱһ߹ȥ
˶Ǵܵĺ֣һȭһȫ
֮ȭʹϮ
֮ץ𱡰˦һˤϡ
Ҫһȭ֮ʱƳڿͻȻʲôͷ֣ɰ֮

ˣ֮ˣ˰֮
ż󺰡

ʱڻعŵĻе
żؿűʱۣ죬ʱۣð֮ˣȰҪٴˡ

ʱûйȥܣֻڳؿŰ֮

ż˷裬Ҫܹȥ
ʱ۱סգȥ

տ϶Ѫ޺Ҫˣ֮Ҫˣ
֮Ҫٴˣ֮

ʱ۵Ļеܲסڳ֮Ҫˣ֮

ڣ֮ץű죬ûٴȥ
Ѫ׵ģѪЦˣ֮㻹Ǳұģ㿴ڵı

ұ죡պ
ס죬Цұ죬Ǿ͸ңǲҵģ

ҧ˵

Ц֮㸸Ϊǿ|
ձû죡

Ϊ÷Ϊұ
죡

㸸׵Ѫ˵񲻶ģ񡭡
ձۣվϣģҪ˵ˡ

˵ڵЦˡ
϶ѪҲѪЦ

Ĭõİ֮ʱۡ

زסˣѪزסˡ
׼ұǿ|ŮǾﷸ

ļͥ͵ɾʱۣȫͬ

󣬰֮ʱЦˡ
һЦ·鶼

֮Ҳˡ

ʱŰ֮¶΢ЦȻĸоҪԶʧȥ֮ˡ

Ҫ
ʱۿˣȥק첲ҪҪ֮Ҫ

֮³һ֣ࡣ
࣬ѪͰ񳤵ȫࡣ

ʱۿҡͷٴץס첲㲻࣬ûϵ㣬ûϵǲһġ

ң
֮ͻȻ˦ûǿ|鷸Ķӣ

ǵģǲһ
ʱۺ£Զȥסź㲻㲻

֮ʱ۵֣ʱס
ʱ۷ޣһ޺ǰ֪֮жã֪㲻ƿң㣬㡪

֮ۡ
ϵᡣ

ʱ۵ĿȻ
ʹģܵģĿ
һࡣ

ǿ|꣬ʮһ֮꣬˵ǸŮʮꡣ

ʱ۾ȫ㶣ŵؿ
ȥ꿪ʼ׷ʱʮһ꣬ʮꡣ

֮¶΢Цʱۣ˵ң񣿡

񣡲񣡡ʱʹؿţȥͷ֮ʮҶʮǺǲģΪƿң

֮ͷ𣿡
˵ţ΢ЦԲʱۣû취
ƿû취߰ɡ

ʱ۾ŵؿԭ˵ġûа취ָ¡

а취ģʱ˷ĺӣֳȥ֮㣬Ϊƿҡһ֪жã㻹ǵһܺãܺã
֮ٴƿ˵ˣֻΪ˻ծأ

ʱ۷ҡͷҲܺãһ
֮Ц㲻ѪĵѪ

Ҫô˵Լʱۿ޵ÿҪʧ˷ۣͷţô˵Լ㲻Ҫô˵

֮ٿתͷա
յľ³ˣ˵ʦ㣬鷳ʱۻȥɡ

ҪҲȥʱ۽Ű֣֮֮ҲںҲںҲں
֮׾ٲתߡ

ʱ׷ȥסߣҲںϲ㣬ϲ㣬ߡ

ʱۣ֮ͷƿ󺰣ûǿ|鷸Ķӣ
ǿ|鷸Ķӣ
ʱ۾úÿǿ|鷸ѪҵĻģҵѪģ

ʱ۱Ƶϣͷˮֱ

֮Ъ˹غ˭Ļϲǿ|鷸Ķӣͬ޸ǿ|鷸Ķӣû˻ϲǿ|鷸Ķӣ
ʱۣٿ㣬ɾ൥ȥȾָ㣿Ҫק

ʱ۴ӵȥϲ㣡Ҳ˭Ķӣǰ֮Ҿϲ㣡
ҲģڵҾȥ㣬ҲҪãʲôҪҾҪ㣡

㣬㣬ʱ۴󺰣󣬡磬ƿңƿҡ

֮ƿʱۣҴˣȥϲɣȥϲˣϲκˣϲҡ

ʱ۱һһƿ֮㿴ң㿴ʹ𣡡

֮ͷϴŵ
ʱĻţʲôʲô˼

ֽ֮ӵ˲ݴ
ǳ׸ݸ顣

ת뿪ͷ˵ɿʹ࣬ҲҪŪ㡣
ʱۣҪϲˡ

*

ʱ۵ÿҪˡ
Ǹǿ|鷸󲻵Լû
޷֮ôôġ

ֲֻ֮ʦһ˺ãֻЦ
Ϊʦһ˾

ֲϲȴһһƿ
ƿԺ̲ס

ôãûж͡
ôͣôԼǿ|鷸Ķӡ

Ĳں
ں˭ֻҪǰ֮ͺá

ǰ֮Ҫ
ҪΪԼ࣬Լ䲻

ʱ̫ˣڲͣĳ飬ۡ
ۣȥݴ﷭Ұ֮ӵ

᲻ͣģӵƫƫҲ
ԽҲԽѹ޵ÿҪ

ҵʱ̱ڲݴޡ

֪˶ãʱ۱պ˾ϳȻûͣ
رܣܵ˵ܵҲܡ

տʱۿ޵ͣб˿ѪۣҲѾֲ˭

ʱ۵Ƶ꣬ʱ۵䣬ʱ۲΢˵㻰˵ԼȥտͱȥҽԺ
֮Լ߽Ƶ˾û¥ھƵͣĿޡ

˪˪ǰ̨绰¥ʱʱ˲ͱŰˡ
ͣʱôˣʱ˵ֻǱޡ

˪˪ʱϻѪʣʱۣòñң
ʱҡͷͣҡͷ

ʱۿ˺þúþã˵
ۣʱۿ˵˪˪㣬ĺۡ
˪˪ΪܣֻҪоȻ

ʱҡͷס˪˪֡
ڳҭ˵˪˪㣬ҲҪȥҽԺҰ𣿡





64.  64   ְֺӯ

͵Ժ, ʱʱʱѾ޵ȱһĴš
ȥҽԺ, ͱŵûűʱֺۣͺǶ, ȥҽԺ

ʱۿҡͷҲȥְ֣Ҫؼҡ
ú, ۾ˣãְִؼҡ

ʱʱۿ޵û·, ͱŮ³š
̿ʱ۵ģ, ȫŻˣô˰۱, ۱ôˣ

Ͳ˵, һֱʱ۱, ŵϣǶģʱְۣ˵ְܸ߰, ô𣿡

ʱ۵Ŀ
֮ĸףٿԼĸף̲ס˫ְ֣֣ܱ𣿡

̱סʱۡ
ʱ۸ְֵܰů, Դڰְֵĸ첲ϣڽ˯ˡ

ͽʱۺ˯, Ҳû뿪ְֻ˪˪Ϣ˪˪ô¡
˪˪ڿţûҽȥսսظͻϢ

˪˪ʦʱͻȻƵ꣬˵ȥҰ֮ҵĴû׷ûȥ׷ʱۻͿ޳ҾúͰ֮йأǰ֮ʱۣ侲侲ʱܿˣٿô죬𣿡

˪˪ظϢʱǰ׵ġ
ذ̸ˮһҲܵʱۡ

ذС˪˪۱ô˰
˪˪ҡͷ̣Ҳ֪

˵꣬˪˪뵽ǰȥǰ绰˽

ɸǰҲ֪ôˣ𰸣ֻ˵æϵʰ֮
˵æϵ뵽Ҳ֮ͨ绰˵˪˪ҿϵϰ׸硣

ǰҲ֮֮ʧˡ

˪˪֪ô죬뵽Ͱ֮ϵõա
ǡʱҲʱ۵ĵ绰˪˪ֻϡ

˪˪æ֪֪ô£û˵֮׵£ֻ˵֮ϲʱۣпԣ־ܾʱۣʱ۽ܲˡ
ҽԺҽҽ˪˪󣬹˵绰

*

ʱ˯˺þãһֱ˯ҹ䶼Ѱˣ
Դ滹һ첲¹⣬˰ְ֡

ʱۺܣͷεģ̧ԴҪ
˲ͷƣˣ
ʱ۵ͷ

ְ֡
һɤӶƵġ

͵ֱ۶ˣͷϵˮݸʱۡ
Ⱥȵˮ˵

ʱڴͷϣӹˮš
ɤӺۣ֪Ǹðˣǿ޺ġ

ʱۺ˵ˮ˻Դеͷζġ
û˵ģֻ˵еͷΡ
޵ġ̾

ͰˮŻصͷϣʱۺſ̾˵ְֶųѪѹˡ
ʱ˵Բ𡣡
ԴɵͰ˵ʲôԲ𡣡

ʣʲôȥ
ʱҡͷֵͷɡ

͸ʱ࣬ʱ˵Ҫ࣬Ͻʱ۶ֳɵģأˡ

ʱ۲ҲԲ£ţþûࡣ

Ͷ룬һ࣬ιһʱۡ
ʱɤۣСڳţԵе죬ʼĵι

ʱ۸Űְֶİ֮׶԰֮¡
ǿ|⣬֮׷Լ֮һֱܸ׵ıұ
֮һ

ְ֣ʱ˵ϲ֮ϲϲ
ιʱߵ࣬˻

Ͷʱ˵仰⡣
ղ˪˪յͨݣˡ

ԼػôŮȻϲˣǺϲϲ׶ţһһܡ
Ůˡ
Ů

ûбκģɫʣȻأ
ʱ˵Ҳϲңϲҡ
ͣ
˵ĸۣǲ̫ˡ

˼Ƭ̣ʣ˵κˣκ˶۸㡣֣߰۸𣿡
ʱ϶˵û۸ңûС

ʱˡ֣֡ͲŮͰ֮Ӧûûзϵ֮ûⷽ۸Ů
ʱ۽޵ôôʹ࣬úۡ

ԣʣΪʲôϲ㣿Ϊʲôܾ㣿

ʱ۵ͷϵᲦŪţԥҪҪѰ֮׵¸ְ߰֡
˵ˣְֲϲ֮°ְ޷֮ܰ

룬ʱۻǾ˵ˡ
ֻ˵֣һҲ֪ô˵ûϵǺͰ֮йϵе㲻֪
ü£ȻԴûϵǾԺ˵ֻҪίͺá۸㣬һҪ֣֪߰𣿡
ʱ۴Ӧţ֪ˣְ֡

ιʱ۰˵費ڣְ֪кܶ໰˼ͰְְֽԺ۷ʲô£аְչ㣬֪𣿡

ʱͻȻᡣ
šӦš

ãʱ۵ڽ

ûߣһֱʱۣȵëʱ۲֣СʱʱһϸչչġС

ʱۿŰְ֣Ϊìܡ
һǰְʱֻ裬չ
һҪӰѧԺְհְֻЭ

ǳİְ֣ʣ֣ӯ𣿡

͵̧ͷ
ʲô

ô֪ģʣ˭˵Ҫģ
ʱ˵֣㲻ңҿֻĻϵˣǻͬѧҶ֪

üʱۡ
ʱ۵̹ףҲȥóֹҹĺţͦõģ˵Ҳᡣ

֣ʱ˵ûҪֹ˼ҸտʼǺܣ֮ͨˣ᲻ÿԺһˣ㡣

ǿЦľܡ
ֲùʱȥС̷򣬶û˵

ʱ۵֣ʣְֺమˣ
ʱ۴̧ͷʲô

Դʣְְˣһ㣿
ʱ룬˵ҽʮ꣬ٶʮһˡ

ǰǧ꣬пʼڣѾʮһˡ˶ʮһ˰˵ְֻôͱ˽飿ְûҪٻ顣

ʮһ갡ʮһĸ˰
ͰʱҶʮһ˰ʱңʱңĦŽָΪµ¶ȣ޷ֹͣ

Цÿɬֻôܰϱˣӯֻǰְֵͬѧ

ʱ۴֣һۣ죬
һ˲䣬ĺϣְܹٻ飬ٰϱˡ
ְ̫µˡ

ǣʱʣΰ̶أ֪ǵϲ𣿰ְ֣
Ϳʱû˵ѣǰɡ
ӯϲܶˣϲͲô겻飬ͲͬѧۻҪĵĺ롣
ӯǸ᳤Ůˣʱңû취

ʱҡͷ֣ȥϲΰ̰ɡ
˵ţʱ۵ؿˣְ֣ҺµҲµٻɡ

ʱۿ޵촽ڶְŽΰ̰ɣ㡭

ʱۿ޵еʧء
ʱۺ̫ˣԸͣͱŮ뻳˺ˣˣֲǻ𡣡
ǲһʱ룬һô죿
ְԶһ޷ۡ

ʵڿŮޣЦ˵ǿҰǿ޳׼Ҵӣˡԣˡ

ʱۿ޵飺֣ģ㣬ȥ°һ˺òã²ΰ̣ҲãֻϲҲһֱ¶š

վŮ˵ԣˣְ־òã־
֪Լܷϲӯʱ̫̫ˡ
֪

ʱۿڰְֵĻһ죬ְͬͬӯ飬һͷ

κ˶׷Ҹʸ
֮

ϣ
֮

ϣ֮Ҫ˵Լϡ
ϣ֮ܽԼ





65.  ˷   ⷬ⡣һ£

죡
˸ǰΪʱۺͰ֮ƿ̳ͣĴ, ţ߿ߣҵţߡ

ѽʱͷͷ˿, Ͻܣٲܾͳȥˣ㡭
ǰӡƵİֺ߶߶ţа֮, ڰܱɢƵ𣬿졭

۸ǰôż, ںƶֻŰ׳Ӱ۰ָ֮Žָȵ§ʱ۵̺ţһϮɫȹʱ۱֮§ڻȫȻÿ·뿴, ֻϻͷͷ˿, űϲغ˽ڿ֣֣Ԫڿ, ڿ, Ҳ졪

ǰҪٺʱ۱к, һΧסСʱܵңҪ, Ȼܵʱ˵ľĿ⡣

ǰȫ˸飺
֮Կ˵
ǰ

ǰһʶˣ̫ˡ

˽ڣҲǡСŮⲿСŮǱʱŮΪѵĴҵ, ϯһʱڷ˿˷ҪŰΧļΧӦԮ󺰡֭, ʱ

ǰߺ˿ߣ߻ͷŵھŵַķ˿ǴʱۺͰ֣֮˷ܵؿ׷ѣͬʱŵֻĺ׷ܡ

ʱۺܾûܲˣûԶͿʼܵСȷͣ˵裬ܡ
δ˵ꡰܲˡ͸оתȥ§ס

̧ͷ
仰δ˵꣬˫ͻȻڿգ֮

ʱʶһ֮Զ֮һЦϹ㡣
ʻضʱ̧˫ֱסǰ˵Ĳӡ

ǰǱŬ׷ȺȺн쿴֮۱ˣ
ȺһԾ꣺Ŀģĵ𣡡֭򸾡˱ûĵûĵ

˵ԹðĸǰŤͷܿ˷ȥֻղŻ§ʱۼܵİӰۣѾʱ۴ܡ
ǰ
֮꿴Ӱ۹һŮڡҡСĶӡѵá

˺ˣ׷ˣǺ֭͡򸾡˵˽ڿ֡
ǰѾȫϳŤͷкţ඼ҾˣתѽӰۺʱۻȥİ϶ȥ˰

ʱ۱֮ӽ򵽺󿴺ߵķ˿ǣܿġ֭ĸ֣Ͱ֮CPۣҪⳡݻʱͨҪǺúúղɡ

ţͻȻ˸ȫҲϡ
֮С˵СѣԹá
ʱˣŶ
Թá

ӣûͷƵģ峯Ա߿ȥ֮ͬʱ˹
ʱԴһ˰֮ϡ

֮ʱ۵գѣʣˣ
ʱҡͷ
֮ͷţ
ʱ˵㡣
֮ЦУţá

ǰУ˻ʱ˯ˡ
֮ƫͷʱ˯СӤƵģƫǣĶͷӡһǡ
ú޻ǣΨֶͻʧˡ

ʱȴû˯ţ۾Цӯӯģ͵Ŷ
֮ĿĴϣƣУ

̫Сʱ۴֪ʲô͡
֮Ц°ͣʳָ̧׿ȡ
ҪϵʱͣסУ

ʱպˣƫ
֮°ͣһͬתȥˣ׷У

ʱ۽СָСָأ壬塣
֮Ե佫°ת˻
֮䣬Цء

˾֣
Ҳ˰

*

֮ڼϲ飬ʱۡ
ʮһг£ҪǰʮȱʧЩǡ

ʱñ任·Ϧҹļ·ȥһɫȹӴϣվھǰԼ
ȹӦɫĿں죬ȻûɫžͿ˲ں졣

Сѣ⡭
߽δ˵̧꣬ۿʱۡ
ʱϸһĺȹϡӯӯһյ֮߹ȥһ§ƫͷͷ

ʱ۱׵ģͷȹӺÿ𣿡
֮ͷʱ۵ĺ촽
ƤףСҲСںɫԵδ̫ЩǡбƽĿɰżתĿת
֮Ŀȣÿ

ʱϤĿ⣬죺
֮Ц𶯣֣ʣ˵أ
׵ģʱ۷ס֣С˵ڻûء
ţֻ֪ǣ֮ʮָۣǳֹ

֮˵ֻǳֹպʱ۵Ŀںճ죬û׵촽ء
ʱۿİ֮ĺ촽̲סЦ裬˵㻹ϲʲôɫĿں죬ҷһɡ
֮Ĳɵ˵Ϳˡ

ʱҪЦŻͷ˵Դȴûתȥͬʱ𽥺ˡ
֮գӡº촽ӡ
ӡ´ӡԸУʱ۽е
֮ûȥͷ
ͷૣ죿
ʱۣš

*

Ȼֹ̰֮ʱۣʱҲϲװ֮
֮ںʱ۽󣬽˼ڼͥ棬˳ӫĻůʼԴ
Ʒ棬ڶҪأʽ©ĵطκιʽļ֮ԹĿ

칫֮ڿļ졣ˣˣˡ
Сѵר
֮Ц̧ͷŷ¶һСԴ϶Цеġ

˭֮ͷʡ
ʱ۱ıQQ˵˭Сѽ

ֳ֮ӣתſ˫֣
ʱܹȥƿܣǴȥġ

Сӣ֮ʧЦֲССȶ𣿡
ʱ۸պϣ˵˭Сأᣬ˵

֮תǰֱֽ̧ʱ۱ϣͷʣУ˵ˣ
ʱ˫ɵЦʵҲûʲô
ţ
ʱ۵ͷս촽㣬һ¡

֮ͷףԶӼһ£
ʱ۰סԴʵ˵ղÿ˸ӰƬΣнǣҾ͹ˡˣ㡣

֮Цͣס
ʱۡ࣡һϣȻЦӯӯģˡ

ţױס֮Ǹ
Ǽ䣬˵
ʱ˿һ㣺ʲ
˿Ǿ׷˹Գأߵ

һСʱʱ۲Ժ׿ʼʱ˵ʲô
һ£




66.  66   ֮˵Ҫꡣ

аְ, ʱ۵˻⡣
ְָİȫУţûʲôȥġ

ں֮ĸ˭, Ҫϲ֮
۰֮ôƿߡ

ְ֮ô, ϲһˣϲһӡ
֮ˣǰ֮ܿҪµһ, ôµ

ڻؾǰʱȥ֮ⷿҲȥ, ǰ֮ڡ
绰ͨ, ֪ȥʱš

ؾ, , ʱΪ֮Բ
֮ˡ

֮Ƭ͡
ŽҪĵʦװ, Ϸž籾籾ϣֲ, жž籾ʦͷ

ʱ۵Ƭ̵ʧ٣غصһ¡
֮°ϵĺ綼ûˣɫҲܺ, ʲôûзݡ

˪˪õݸʱһȣʱ۽ס, ˳ƶ֮
֮ԱߵϣݳȣװҲܵݵģ磬ʦôˣ

ʵʵպͱôˡ
Ϊ֮ͱһһ̫꣬ˣʱ۶ա
ĵµģ°֮Ϊ˶Ǹ⣬°֮Ϊ˲գһ

֮ûпʱۣȻͷž籾
Ǹ˱ˣҽԺǸˡ

Ǹָ㱡
ʱ۲֪Ƿеݣģƺϲա
׸ů֪룬Ը±ĺӣǷ˵ĵ׶Աиأ
˽ϣպͱһҲϣìܡ

ʱЩо֮ⲻ׷ʣʦİְôˣ죬ȥ𣿡
֮ãԺˡ

Ȼ̬Ⱥܵ˵Ҳû¶ȣĮ
ʱ
Ɑȣһֱء

壬ȿȡʱ۾ſȣƵ֮ǰס籾

籾ȵס֮òʱƹĿȡ
ʱϴŵ

ˣּˡ
ĸ̬ȣҪƿҪϲ

̧֣֮ƿⱭȡ

ʱ۱Ƶס
۾£ܡ

ܺúȵģʱ˵˪˪ܸⱭȣҺϲȣζܺã࣬˻ܸˣġ
ָԺԽܣ𣿡

֮ƺǱ̨ʣҲƺûС
ֻ˵ܣлл

ʱӣǼˣۿˡ

ʱ۾ſû£֮Ҳûнܣ˶û˵

ʦоղԾ֮ǰڹ﷢¶ۣ˵Ӱ׷Сʱۡ
ֺСʱ׷Ӱأ
ʲô
ʦµģС˵˾䡰ˡתˣµա

ֻʣʱۺͰ֮
ʱ˵˵ҲںҲŹԼòã
֮ԣδš

ʱҧҧ촽ί˵۸ôΣһ㣬ϲ㣬֮ôơ

ʱܵ˵ЩͻȻһ˵˽ѽпѽ
Ǳᣬ߹ЦǺǵʱ϶˵Ŀȣллѽ

ʱۣ
ѽǸѽ

ʱ˳ַίͰ͵ؿһ۰֮תίˡ

֮Ƴʱתʱµ۾۾ûɵġ
ˣѹί

֮Ϣһ֡

ʱתˣֲ̫Զͻеǰߡ
Ȼĺ׸磬Ҷѽ
֮ҵġ

ʱۻͷˣ֮͵Ǳȡ
ʱЦˣЦؿġ

̧ͷ֮֮ûҲûǱȡ
ʱﵱӿ֡Ϸ

*

СŮⲿϷ佭½⣬Ҳ½Ľɫ
ݵǰ֮ʦͬ£ʱĵǰ֮ͱڰ칫ĶϷ

ʱӰԶϿ֮֮ӰۣϷ÷ǳ죬ӰǰһһһԶʦˡ

ʱԱߣݸʱһ̲裬Ͱ֮ôˣ
ʱ룬̽Դʽ磬ҺͰ֮𣿡

ʱ۴չʱŮġ
պ˵ģ۵ġ

˺һ㣬ȻЦЦȻ˵ţǳ䡣
ʱ۶ټЦЦü䣬лл磬Ҳôá

ͷİ̧֮ͷպÿʱ۶Խ¶ĨЦ
Цշϴӣңۺˮ󣬻ɬ

ʱۺڹ᳹˵Ǿ仰ȥϲɡ
˵Ļȥϲ

ʱ濴ԽЦʱȴ
á

*

չǰŶ׼Ͱ֮ؾƵꡣ
ʱҪ߹ȥһɱ֮ߣغŰ֮׸磬ҪȥԷԷѽ

ʱͣס֮ԱС˵ʲô
û֮һ

Сá
ͷ
Ŵʯ΢ЦСϺóԵ֡
۾˲ˣȥԳԳԣ

ǳԻԻֻҪгԵģ֮ˣ۷ŹظŽ
ɱģͻȻЦˡ
ɱҵģĪģͦһֱȥ

ιʱᣬʳôѡʳ˰
˸ˮ˵׷׷ʳ˽ģͲóˡ

ͦе

ͻȻе棬δĳһ죬ʳĳ֮䣬ѡ
һϲǸ˰ɣ
űŹ˫ۣĪ룬еϣΪˡ

ʱۼͻȻ͸ˣǽ߱
ʱ۲ػͷȻ򢡣

ʱۿͷ˵лллл

СøˣʱȻȻظڰ֮󣬽ݡ
֮󵽵ͣʱȻŰ֮

һֱ֮˳һ೵ţһ˽ȥ

ල磬ʱЦ˵˳·һȥ£
ǰûֱӴӦͻȻˮҭƵŰԡ

ǰûӦʱۣʱҲתͷһɵؿ֮
磬˳·һȥ£ϳԷԸѽ

֮ƽ˲ü
ʱɵسЦš
˵ں˭Ķӣںǿ|鷸Ѫֻϲ

֭磬ʲôԵģʱ۹Ц㣬һؾƵҲС

ʱʲôںЦģʱﶼǶϲ
֮˵ʱۣⲿϷɱһȥסꡣ
Ұɣòá

밲
õİ

ʱû뵽֮˵ĻҪȥס꣬
ӱķʽ

ʱ۱˲ۿˣһһٵ˵֮˵һ顣

֮˫ֻۣĳ꣬ͲҪϷˣѧУúö顣

ʱˣޣҺòöأ

û뵽֮ΪƿȻѡȥסꡣ
ôģȥס꣬
ôʱ䰵ΪŬʲô

Ϊʱ䣬
ϲô꣬ȻΪʱ䣬ǾҲϲ˵ˣ
ֻҪʱˣ֮شң

֮ûлش
ûֵ£ʱΨһֵ¡
ҲΨһ뵽İ취

죬ʱΪί̲ס
ʱۺͽ˵ﶼǴ⡣
ߣͻ

ģܰþһ㡣

ҳ꣬úչԼ֮˵





67.  67   2.23̸£

, ƨ
ʱ˰֮顣

ΪӱȻѡ
Ȼѡ

˵

ʱϸܳ΢ţͨſ޳, Ȼ˵ҪȻҪ꣡ΪӱңȻɱͳ˵ǲǻ쵰
ܳҲеˣ֮ǰǻ׷, ôҪˣ׷

ʱû취ͳ˵֮׵£û취Ͱְ˵һ˸˵ܻǾ̫С, ԺõˣҰֿܲͬ⣬ҽ顭
ܳ

̲ܳס²ۣӰҲ̫Զ˰ɣ˶ô˼ǣ뵽ü𣿻û, 뵽ˣ뵽ԺõˣѾΪֲͬȻܾ㣿ʮ˶ô𣿣

ʱۿܳĻ, Ȧˡ
ǰ֮ô뵽ˣ
̸ϧ²

֮ǲԺС, СҲְѪҺţ
Ǿ̸

ʱͻȻͨ澭, ׼ȥҰ֮, Ų̸вУ

ʱͨˣȦ, Ҳȥˡ

ʱۣǵģôడʲôҪȺ̸
ܳľͱ

ڶһ磬ʱûԼıķ׼֮ϳɱȥ򿪳, ˽ȥ
ˣʱճȺ͸ǰк, ˳·أȥƬ£

ǰǰһϣӵ֮ʽ׼סˣѡȥĸסꡣ
ڿʱۣһʱ˵

ʱۿֱ֮˵˵֮˵Ҫ£ϸһϡ
ɱųأ̸£飬̸ֻôõŮأ㲻Ҫ𣿡
˵ţʱ۰Դյ֮ǰ۾ͬʱ򴽿ɰľѡ

֮ĬؿĽ顣
ͷܵͷ

һĺ̸ˣԺô֣
ͷŲˡ

ָ֮չţôѣ㲻Ҫ˰ɡ
ʱۣ


ʱ˦첲㲻ˣڹһӣҪôɴң㵱˺УҾͲϲˡȥ̫|࣬ȥ̩ȥɣ̩ڼܺõģ̫󣬻ܰ¡ء

ղŻ֪ô˵ĸǰͻȻûסһЦˡ
Ȼæ졣

ַ̧֮˷û˵ûŭĬš

ʱ˵Լۣȥ֮߰Сȣߣ㲻Ǯ𣬸ɴⲿϷˣ⳥ΥԼھߣ߰߰ɡ

֮ϱʱ˺üӡû㡣
ʱ

˻ʱ۲ˣҲˣˡ
֮˵Ҹ绰ȥƬ

ʱ۾˲ˡ
ơ

Ҫơ
ʱ۲۾ˣﻹᡣ

˵һ飬ʱۺۿ˵֮˵һýһؾƵ꣬ھȥ׷

֮Ĭˡ
û˵

ʱۿ˵ˣ˵
۾˵̸ɱǰ̸Ҷϲôˡ

֮ס

ʱöӶˣᣬסһƵĳ嶯ȣǱ
֪֮Ҫʲôû

ʱߴ٣Ǳ
֮üŲŲ

һ룬ʱ۽⿪ȫ֣Ȼɵϡ
ҺʱмİȫԼϵϣ㿪ɣ˯˽ҡ
˵꣬۾ֱˣ

ʱ󣬰֮ȫ˲
ʱۣ֮ĥ˵

ʱ۴˸Ƿۿ˵ҽĵ˯Һ
䰾ҹĻ˵ģġ
ˮģģ

֮
ʱۺȻ̧֣ס

֮˲ͷָȥ

ʱͷ̡
գգۣͻȻðһ䣺ô㣬Ůѣ

ʱ۹§Ҷ̸£ɱǰҸһŮĸܣô

ʱ۴ûջˣûʼջѾȺˡ
󱳣ָṴû̸Ǹо̸Ӧͦģǰɣ
֮

֮ҧָקʵ㡣
ʱۼ֮ˣЦȻַʵˡ

ǰǰ涼ˣӦòõȰ֮ôã֮ûٸʱ³
ǰͣ

ʱʵˣ컹ʵ⼸ؼιèèʲôѽҿȥ𣿡

˵緢ٰ֮Сϡ
֮ţ𽥱졣

㲻𣿡ʱ۹⹴С˵ҿԸŶ

֮û˵
ʱ۸֮ܵĺ仯סѹ̵úܲס

û̸Ůѣܶأʦǲǣʱ˵
˵Լͨ졣

Ȼʱۿֹ֮֮
ѹԼ̡
ʱ۲˵ˣ۾

*

ʱۻλƵģ˯ˡ
ڰ֮ϣ˯ò֪ſ죬˿ˮ

֮о΢ʪͷͿСˮ
Ȼװ˯˯ˡ

ʱ۲ȣȵģˮе΢
֮ṴЦˣҲֳЦ⡣
ϲǵĸɾģ

ǰںӾ￴֮ͷЦﳤ̾
ͺϲ𣬸ﻹ۸˼ң

Ƭʱ۱ǰѵġ
ǰͷһʱۣʱۣˣˡ

ʱû˯ͱѣþʹ۾ϰ֮
һ̧ͷǰ֮ÿĺᡣ
֮ƫݵˣ֪ΪϾÿֵģݵˣڲͻһС¡ȺÿԸС

֮Ŵ⣬ûĮ
յɽˮžͺֵǮܶ˻Ǯģ¶ģ²ģǰܻĸ߱Ļָͷ

ʱôţ⿪ȫҪ
ͻȻоԼʪʪģʪһŵĸо
ʶǣɵˣ֮ȣˡ

֮ȱͬʱŲԾһ¡
ˣҲûת

ʱôҲû뵽Լ˯ˮһˣС˵˼
֮Ŵ⣺³ˡ

ʱ۵Ĺ˲䱻֮סˣˡ
ںȵİ֮ˣҲۡ

Ϊʲôǿųأ
ʱԼѧʱҲżҵĴⷢʱԼԴտգܻпյԼδ
֮ԼδǲΪûδΪԼδ

Ϊţʱ۱ĵֹ³˰ɡ
򳵴İ֮ת˹

ʱ۸֮ܵžŤͷ˻ֱ˵˰֮ϡ
֮ʶӦƿſ˫§סȫȻʶ˵֡Сġ

ʱϣ§ţĵЦˡ
֮ס

ʱЦǿģͷεĿ⡣
ͷ˳ơ࣡һһڡ

ºòãʱ˵£ˣ̸̸ֻ飬̸δòã

ۣ֮
á˵





68.  68   2.24㡭

á
֮˵á

ʱûз
Ϊ֪ԭ, ׷

ʱЦЦִս֮һ߲࣡һڡ

ǰĿɿڴ

ʱ, յ֮ߣּᶨ˵һ仰֮, סҲںʲôں
ںĸ˭, ֻں˭
ǰֻ֮ǰ֮

ʱ˾ŤͷˣֻܿС
Źϣھþðš
֮ҲûĮ˵, һԵؾþóĬš

Ըǰ԰֮˽, ǰ֮ⱲӣһαŮײ
ǰ, ʱ۵촽϶Ů, ִġ

ô, Ī;ú¡
֪֮ʲôֻ֪֮
ǰŷ, ӰôˣӰͦĪģĳľ黹أÿ

ǰҪҪ, Ȼ⻨ƵŮӰ˻ǰæߵĳˡ
ʱܹ˫ֳų, ̽ͷư֮ģûֻҪȥ緹㶫ҵǮ㡣
ǰ
ŮѹҪǮɣ

֮óڳıǮ
򿪣һЩֽ𣺡Ҫ٣
ʱԴ̽Ǯж٣

ֽ֮ȫó࣬һǧ
ʱ쵽ǰҶҪ

֮ʮǮŵʱϡ
ʱ£Ц˵ллԴתˡ

ǰʱۇNɪܿıӰʱ۽Ƭã̲סˡ
Ťͷ׸硣

֮ʱ뿪ķ򣺡ţ
ǰ٩ʣԺҪɩ𣿡

֮ת졣
ǰ
һ·ϵΪŮʲôֱ

*

ʱۺܸ֮ܵġֺݲ¡
Ȼ־ᶨǸոպã־ܼᶨ

һǧٿǮ˺ööʳԵģװá
ڶһ磬һʳ֮ķſڣš
ˣˣˡ

˴˺ܶóԵģ
֮ķſڣʱƨϣָ߾ͣߺСÿ쿪š

Ƭ̺ű򿪡
֮Щײʱ۸߾ٵ͡
ţƤֽװģײؿڣֽO@졣

أÿʱţ֮Ǹϴ衣
Űɫԡۣϵɿ壬ڳ¶Vʹˮļ
ʪͷ΢һˮ˳ŶǰһͷʱĪһʪͷ뷨

֮ͣۿĿ䵭
ָʲô˵

ʱЦͺʳ

֮ҳԹˡ
˵գҪš

ʱŵסָ˵棬һǮ

֮Ĭŵ䣬Ĭá
һϵϢô
СҲػһӵǮ

ʱ۽˵ﶼһǮʳ涼ҰԵģǲӦҲԣʳ˿ģ֮Ҫһʳ𣿡
֮
ǹİɡ
顱һš

ʱƲƲ죬νزţȻŵ򿪣ſڳʳ
ʵЩƷģһǧʵʲôƷͣҲ񻹲ҪƷˣ֮϶û׼ֱͰȥ
±ЩϸɲƷģˣ֮϶Ҫ
ôһʳʳĹ̻ͦĵġ

ʱسʳһ߶İ֮˵
֪֮߿Ӧվűߡ

һ֮İ֮˵֮㻹û΢أŶƬҪ㣬ҵģҪǲӵĻҾͷŶҪˣҷ˭Ҳܲš

⻰ûʼأֻ˸ͷžͱˡ
֮ͷھƵȵϵ鲻̫á

ʱͷЦݳһƬҪ𣿡
ֻ֮˵

ʱۿ֮ԣԼˣָ⡣
Ҳţ֮Ҫڲ̸ҾҸȥ̸ɱǰǰתƣҵһҪѵס

ѡ֣ʱ˵ޱȻȻúѾѡ
һͱ̸ˣÿΧǸ˽Сѡ׵Ļ档
ģģ˵ģֻèһѡ

ʱſڵĵ̺ϣǴ򿪵״̬߰ʳ벻ǰжңԺ̸ˣҲΪʰŪǽ塣
Ưİȹӣ磬硰ŮɡѾŵģʱƺڿűѡ

΢ţ֮ſĵ߶ʳ䣬ǲǻҪǵճң
ʱ۰ţ䣺ӡ
֮·ڱߣͱſڡ
ʱۻ䣬ӵվ
̧ͷشղʵ⡣

ʱе˵ҿ϶ǵճ㰡Ҳ̫ˡҺͱ̸ˣҿ϶ԴﶼѣĻп˰˵أ

֮
Ĵú̽⡣
ĶԼġ

֮ߵʹķ䣬ֺϷĿûʲô㣬յġ
ĺӣ˸۸Ƶġ

ʱ۶º䣬˳Ű֮ȱߣƽ˷Ȼվſ˫֣ԭر¡
֮Ŀ¶ɻü
ʱ˫˵ᣬڱңҾͬҵѣҾͲȥұˡ

ʱ⻰˵Ц˫۽Ű֮ǳȵģڴġ
ֻҪͷֻҪͰٷְٵض仰

ᣬҪ˼򵥣ֻҪ
ͺˡ

Ǹ֮ȴȥ䣬˳Ȩ

˵գûп۾ֻװʳ䡣
ʵ֪ʱĲʳĿҲ͸

ʱſ֣Ӳؾš
ȨѡȨû뵽֡

ȷ𣿰֮
ʱ۽ӲسǣԸ仰ЦĽӲЦݣ֮һԸһλᡣ

֮۵ʹģ˵Բʱۣû취
ûٶͣһ룬֮תط

ʱѸֵסţͷŭ֮µİ취ӱܾͻӱҪȥ꣬𣿷Ҫ뿪ҳ𣡡

䲻㣬֮ͷŵ֣ʱۣ˵ģûôã߰ɡ
ɱҾͳġ

Źϣǰʧ

ʱֽ£¡
лһʧ

ʱ͵̧ͷŶ˵֮ѣŲš
㲻ѣкܶԸѡ֮ˡ
֮ڲҾȥ˵Ůˡ
֮Ҫ𣿡

ڣ֮ţۡ
ɿڣɿڡ

һɿڣԶŲˡ
ʱ˵ûٴš





69.  69   2.25ϸ磡

ʱ۷ǳܡ
֮Ҫˡ
Ϊ, ĺյʵǣȷȷʵʵĲҪˡ

ʱ˵, ҵˡѡʱܽġϡ

ʱʱ۵, ֮ǰʱܵһҽС磬ѧѧҵ, ˧С硣
ʱܰϵ΢Ƹʱۼϵġ

ʱܽϵĻ˵رᣬ浶޳, ƻ񻨶
Լϲ, ˧, ס, ͻ

֮ǲں, Ҹǰǰơ

ʱſڴϸϷ΢ţ, Ƭ̽ѽп𣿡
ϵͷīˮڰ׻ڷɵӣͦÿ

ϣֻҪǮλ
˵ղ

ʱۣ
ǳƽȵĽǮˡ

ʱŴȥƬһ֮أͻȻ˪˪Ž, ʱ۵ֻ˵۱ϳ˵, ȲҪ΢
ʱ۾ȣʲô

ûܲ͸ǽʱۺͰ֮ھ鷢£վĳ罻ƽ̨ع顣

ʱۺͰ֮󣬾罻ƽ̨ϷСϣʱھƵð֮źʱ£ڵӰѧԺﴫ֮󶼲֮ˡ
Ͼͱܾʱۣ̫ƽˣΪܾ֮ŮԱʵûۼֵһֱûŻ⡣

ⱻǳ˰֮ǡ֮˦ۺֵˡ
ӵ¥տʼҲֻǸпһ£п֮ҲбŮ˦һ죬Ӿͱ˽ֳ
ʱ۵ֺܿ챻ǳ

ʱ۵ֱһ̿ʼӾͱתɡʱ۳
ϷŮǣûӳأ͸һ⣬⻹˦Ӱۣⲻǳʲô

ĻⲻϷͣŵȫǶʱ۵á

֮ķ˿ʱۣ֮յcpʱۣյķ˿Ҳʱۡ

ĪģһЩ·˶ʱۡ
˪˪ʱۿЩۣɿغʱ۽һϷ£ֽӵ͵ĵ绰

Ƶ귿˪˪ɷףͷ󺹡

ʦģ˪˪Ե绰һߵ˵߿϶۱ϵɾأϾɾˡһ۱ֻֻаԽӵ绰ˣ϶˸۱绰ԣƵҲǣҲϴ۱ˡ

˪˪֪жൣʱ۵ģӽӵ͵ĵ绰𣬾һֱ
Ҳô÷˾裬ûڵһʱֹķ͡

ؼң˪˪תͷſŵʱۣʱѾڴſþˣڻŽѾ
磬米˳ѾеĵȥǸ֪СŮ

˪˪˵ñڣ˽Ů϶˵ãٵ쿴չɣ

˪˪ŵòУ߶Ҳţʱ۵Ĵȥͣ
Ӧţúúãʦİɣһһ̲뿪۱ҿ϶У۱ӵ绰

˪˪ֱӽֻʱ۶ߣʱС˵ϷҪϷ㡣

ʱˣӹ绰˵ҺأҶûЩҵĻһûӰ飬㿴ҲϣͷİɡѽϷ״̬ܺ㡣˪˪͵绰ϵ¶¶˵Сһǰɰְ֣

ʱ۵Ȼ࣬׶ʱûܵӰ죬ûôżˣŮ˻Ҷ˵绰
ʱ۰ֻ˪˪˪˪ȥ׼Ŀ绰ɾ¡

˪˪ô绰װӣʱ۳ŻƵ꣬ʱͻȻ˼˪˪Ҫֻ˪˪㣬Ҳ΢ֻ£ҷ΢š
У˪˪û룬ֻʱۣ΢
ʱ۵ͷӦţ϶΢

ʱ۸Ϸ΢ţȻųȥ
վھƵȣʱۻͷ˪˪˵˪˪㣬һҡ

˪˪ڸʱ۵ݿñأ˲ſڣ۱˵ʲôѣʲôʱˣ

ͬһʱ䣬ʱԱߵķűƿǰŵ绰ӷ߳˵ԣӱɾɾɾ

ʱ۴ñӴ֣һЦŻش˪˪ѽѣ˧ˣ˪˪㣬һңҸܽܡ
Ȼ˿֣ЦӯӯЦش˳
Ц˵ЦЦ滹̶

ǰ绰أʱ˵Ļ𾪵סȻʱۣѣʲôѣ
ʱתǰǰֻأָָǰֻ

ǰ˲ͨҶϣȻ㶵ؿʱۣʱۣʲôѣ˭ѣ
ʱֶЦ⣬ر˵˵Ϻð磡˵ĵȻˡⲻҰʦ̸ҾҸ˵ѿ

ǰ
Ӳתͷߺһ߳ˡ
֮

֮Ǻ͸ǰһ߳ģǰͬʱʱ˵л

֮ûпʱۣǵ档

ѡ
ʱ˵

֮˫ֲ嶵ǽŵ̺
޷ѣ޷ǡ

ǰֻ֮ʣЦ˵ʱۣʲôЦأôôˡ
ʱתߵǰǰժ¿ֺñӣŵʣ磬㿵ңⳤ࣬ҵ᲻ҵԵ᲻׷ҵ˻Ҵ׷ҵ棬õĴӦˣѽ

ǰĸЦ˲佩ǡ
ǰʱۣƤ۰۰׵ģ۾ˮˮģ촽ۺۺģ۵ġ
ʱۣô᲻ãԵô᲻ã׷ô٣

⡭
ǰתͷ֮Ķǡʱˣϰô찡

֮ŵ̺ȭ죬Ϳȡ

׸磬𣿡ǰϽʣҪȥҽԺɣôȲаô죿
֮ѹ¿תǵͿȡ

ǰ̾

⼸һֱͰ֮Ӱ룬ۿ˰֮ҹҹʧ˯ž
֮ǰӽ̣ʱ۲ϲζ԰֮ˣֳ̣֮ʧ˯ŵʱ򣬾ڿ̨ϣһһĳ̳鲻ͣ
֮ͷŲʱۡ

Բֹǳ̳ģ֮ˡ
֪ǲǺйأͻȻ͸ðտˣһز
ǰո֮£쵽39ˡ

֮ʱʱۿӰۣȵüһ¸Ųصģ
ôͻȻˣôأ

˪˪˵Ӱʣ֪֮ǲǱӰģϻַ׵ģʱɨ˰֮Ӱһۣʸǰʦôˣˣ
ǰ˵ⲻ

˪˪㣬֮ǿѹסԣתϸǰĻ˪˪Ǵؼ𣿡

˪˪˵ǣǾֻͣҪƵꡣƻ䣬Ҫĵġ
֮׷ʣô׼ĸƵꣿ
˪˪˵׼

ʱۺȻϣ˪˪㡣
˪˪

˪˪㣬Ұֲ˵κ֪ǻĸƵ߰ɡʱקߡ
ʱ۵Ҳûءˡ֣ˡ쳣ش̶ 

֮û̧ͷͷʱ۵䡣
ˣˡ
ˣƺǲԼˡ

֮ת˸Ƕȣ䵽ʱϣѾû
Ѿʧʱ

ʱ۾ǰߣԸǰ֣ˣټѽ

ôˣ
ǰ֮
֮ʾøǰȥæͰݡ

ǰȥæǡϴ绰ʱද죺ϸ磡
˺Ȼͬʱ̧ͷʱۡ





70.  70   2.26ϸ翪󴲡

ʱ۱߽绰߻ͷ˪˪, ˪˪߶Ե绰˵ϸ磬˪˪ҪһƵ, һҰѾƵַ㣬¡

ǰ͵תͷ֮
ղŻ˵ѻľƵߡˡ, ʱ۾͸ߡˡˣϸ˭

ܿ죬ʱ۾͸˴𰸡
ʱ۶Ե绰˵ѽѽϸͱȥ, ˯һ䣬˪˪ǿ󴲷

ǰ
ϸ˵ѣ
Ҫ󴲷һ˯

ѾǰɵǵǵعȥݣȻֵ֮ס
Ƶȵƹⰵ, ֮ɫ֪ǱΪ, ʱ۵Ļ֮׵ġ
ɫƱƯˮƯûɫ, ʧѪɫ

֮Ÿǰ, ʾǰ, ͬʱü
ǰڶˡ

ǰͷʱۣʱ۹Ҷϵ绰̽˵ʱ, Ǹðɣ
ʱ۰ֻ̧ͷʣʲôã

ǰ˵㡭, ˣ绰Ǳ׸ɣϸ磬׸磿
׸Ļ, ʱסһ䵹ǿˡ
ʱ˵ͬסһ󴲷ǰԼ˵ˡ

ȻʱգƯ۾˵ѽϸѽ

˵ʱЦź͸ǰ֣к˪˪ݡ
ݰݡ

ݰݣװס 
֮ϤҪˡ

ʱᵽʱֱΪʱۺǸġ
Ǵ˿̵ҰٷְȷԼֱѾʧš
ʱۣѷֲ١

Źϣʱۺ˪˪ˡ
ǰźϵĵݣĪо֮ʹˣͷʣϰףǡ

֮Ϳţֹڣתߵһǰµݡ
ȥʱֹۣ֮ȼ˵ţȻȥɡ

ǰ
ôܻȥ϶ҲҪˡ

*

֮˵ʱۣǸʱ۵ĳһ·ʱ۵¾Ƶꡣ
ϣ֮Ȼڿԣǰ̧°֮ţ̵ģ¶ˡ

治ˣճ֧ʲôģǰ˵һȥˣȻջˡ
֮Ღǰ֣תͷ⣺˵ɡ
ǰ
˵ʲô˼ǲˣԼȬ

ǰ̾ͬʱʵڲ֮ȻŲʱۣΪʲôҪ¡

ǰĳʱ۵ĳƵͣǰź󳵾Ȼò̫Ծϰףгˡ
ղžͿǼˣһֱûٷ룬Ű֮տԵ£ʱŷӦԾ

⼸Ѿͣ˦ˣǰͣʱ۳ԣŰȫ˵ϰףȥϵ硭
δ˵֮꣬Ѿ˳

֮װףߵʱ۳ԣ򿪳ţ׼·ʱס
ĳһýߣǷѣĵʱ۵

˪˪ͷʦ
֮˵гˣǽݡ

˵ţ֮ſ·ҪʱԴϡ
ʱ۶ûüñӿ֣֮򿪳Ҫ·Դλһųȥ

֮Ҫ˵ʲôû˵һԴɤȳȵòֹ
⵵ڣʱѾһ³
֮ڴţͬʱѸƹ׷ȥֱ·ʱֹȥ

ʱ۵ķӦǶ㣬ʶض·ֵֻûס
֮䣬ֺ˰֮ţ̡

ʱüʶͷ䣺֮вǲǣôʲô£ȥԼ²𣿣
˵ţʱۻ˦··˦ϣ֮硣

ʱƿԼݡ
֮ƵһΣͻȻֹסؿ
ţߴ׷ʱۣƵ˵ʱۣ֪ڿң㡭

ȻӺŴ
֮ǰ֮ɣ
ǰ֮϶ǣ
Ů˭
𣿡
ƨհǸ˭ģǿ϶ʱ۰
԰Ҫġ

֮Ѹǰסʱۡ
ʱЩ˵ĻͻȻͱ֮§Ҳ֮˫ס
Щ˵Щʲôһ仰ûΧһбð

ʱͷ֮֮ڷգյ촽ûɫ
ͻȻĹģſңſң

֮ЩĻߣſ

ʱ÷裬ȻҪ

ֱ˪˪ñӿܹ˪˪˽ݣ֮ɿ֣Źϣ֮˺վڽ

˪˪ʱվǰ棬ʱ۴ñӿ֣Ȼʧ

17¥ݴӵµ17¥ٶȲ죬εСռʱƺ
ÿһ˪˪Ǽ尾

֮ĿԲᣬ˺վڽһֱڵͿȡ
Ҳûͣ

֮ȵôأʱȴ·𲻹Ƶģֻ̧ͷŵݱ仯֡

˪˪ûסͷʣʦûҩ

ֿ֣֮תȭͷŴ˵Ǹǡ
ƣźף׵˺ܶСݣơ

ǣûó˪˪˵ֻȵ̫أе㵣ġ
̧֮ۿʱۣʱûлͷ

û£лл֮˵

˪˪̾˿ˣ˵ð֮˵仰ɡ

ʮ¥ĵſʱվǰ棬߳ݡ
֮ķ߳úܿ졣

ţͻȻͣסһͻ£վһ˧

źɫñбһ˫ֲ嶵Ҳ
˧ǳ˧ֻһۿȥܸܵǸйµ
й£

Ժ󣬻ЦȤЦ
ü

ʱɨۿԵİ֮ժ¿ְܹȥϲϸ磡
ϴʱŵˣ˲²⣬ʱЦˡ

ʱ˵ùȻףȻ˧
ʱ۽ñҲժˣϼסԺϴˣȻϵߣߣкö໰Ҫأ
ʱۻͷ˪˪㣬ĸ䣿

˪˪̧ۿʱĸ첲·§ĸ첲ƵģλϸӦþǡ˪˪͵ػͷ֮

֮ɺ˫ʼն§첲ʱ۵֡
ϱǲʱͻȻɢһ˲˪˪оԼʮ¥ʮ˲㣬

˪˪ǽӲػشʱۣ1717ߣұߵ׷ſŵģܼǰŴˡ

ʱ۵ͷϵĸ첲ұߡ
ϸôô˧̫˧ˣˣôѽҲ̫ˣҸоպ绰͹ˣ

ɨʱˣȻҲо仯ͿĿ⣬ʱ˺޲Ū
Ȼ΢ЦⲻǼż𣿾;ˡ
ǳȻ̧֣ʱۺеҵͷʣͷôôңҿϵˣͣ׷𣿡

ʱͷǰǰ
ͷ仹ίأͺûʲôϵĪı׷

ῴԴԣˣ

֮˫һֱνϸ硱֣ʱۺ죬Ϥų
ֺʱ۵˫۾ϡ

ʱ۶Ա߱ûˣԽûˣΨǰˡ
ʱڶŽЦú

1717ǰʱۺѾһͬ߹ȥס󴲷

һ¡֮
ƮģƣƵƺòײŷ֡





71.  71   2.27ſš

ʱѾһȥ, ⡰һ¡֣ǰ֮˪˪ġ

˪˪ͷӦʲôʦ𣿡

֮ųķʱ۵ıӰʰɡ
ʲôʣ˪˪һʱûӦ

֮Ʈڿе, 
סһ䣬ʡ

ʱҽ̤, 촽̧ͷϣ״Ƶ˵ϸ, Ҳò𣿡

Цʱ۵ԴܳƵĿһۣȻ̧ۿ֮
֮ҲڿϣĿԡ

, ʮ, ˵İ
֮ᣬʮ, еǳȵ

ϺȻоʱһ첲
, ̧§ʱ۵ļ, ȨƵģͷ˵ӰۣϺá
֮ɢ, §ʱۼ֡

Ҳ˽ʱ۵ģҲ˽ϵţȻʶ֮ǴӰۡ

ü˵ӰۣڳҼʱ󡭡֪, ҼʱѾܾˡӰۣȻѾҼʱ۾ܾˣǲӦúҼʱ۱־Ϊ֮أ˵סһ𲻺, ã𣿡

˵ζʮ㡣
һˣưӰۡ
˪˪ĬĬص˿

˵ÿ仰ʵ
˪˪޷ϣο֮

֮Ĭؿϡ
˵䡰Ҽʱۡÿһ䶼ʱ۲ģܲţʡ
ʱǱ˵ġ

֮ͻȻƲסؿȡ
ѹء

˪˪о֮컹ûС磬紵û˻Ρ
ٴ㣬Сͻᱻ𣬱û

֮ڿʱʱûп
ʱڿ̺

Ȼи£˺ݻҲ뵱ŭ֮ģϾ֮ǣΪǵĵˡ

ۣȥˮһݸˮ裬ú˯һ
϶ʱ˵գתȽ˷

˪˪
ʱۡۡ
ۺݸˮ裬⼸а֮Ŀڰ

֮޷ʱۣҲǸסһ
ת˪˪Ƶú·⣺˪˪㣬ʦͬ⣬ġ

ʱҧгݣҪˣֲͬⲻģֹʲô£
̲ס
Ƕ˪˪˵˪˪㣬鷳ĳһҺסһ䷿ʦͬͬ⣬Ųģʲô£вȥβٹ¡

ʱ۷Ű֮ûаָղŶʱ𣬶԰ֻ֮䡣
˪˪㣬鷳תĳˣûκʸҵָֻţûʸ񡣡

񣬶ƵһŰ֮
֮һһ⣬˵ۣΪܡ

ûʸĸ֣ؼޱȡ
Լչʸ񣬶Ҫġ

˪˪ʱҲˣˣ֮ô˵
˵ʦͬⲻģͬⲻģ

˪˪1717ң֮ʱޱһ䣺Ҳ˵ﻰɣܲź͵Ĳʱʱ˵ȷʵûʸ񡣡

˵꣬˪˪§ʱۼһͬ1717ҵŽϡ
Ƶȣֻʣ°֮Լ

֮ȫһ˲ȫйˣǽڴסؿԡ
ȻؿʱۺǸǰǣʱۺǸ߽һ䣬ûκ¡

Ҳ˺ôԼҪ嶯Լûнʱ۴ǸקԼߡ
һ嶯һֶ˻ȥˣܽʱصԼߡ
ȻȴҲģ̵ÿҪˡ

ԣͣĿԣ֮һһصͿȡ

Ŵ򿪣ǰ߳
ˣǰŴ˵ҵ찡ˣֱԱ˳ŵû¸ɣǺòײŸˣƵıϡףʱأ

ǰҿߣûʱ˪˪Ӱֻа֮һˡ
ʲôַʲôˣ

Ұ֮ڲͣؿԣȸղŻˡ
а֮ɫҲˡ

Ƶȵĵƹⰵӳڰ֮ϣһѪɫûУе㲡̬ƵĻҰɫѿɫ

ôˣǰʣʱأ
ʱۣǰȥæİ֮󱳣Եģ͸ҵģȥֹ룬Ͼͼˡ

ǰô궼ûô֮Ϊ֮Ǹˡ
ôҲû뵽֮ôأ֮ۡ

ǰ߶߶شŰ֮ȥ룬֮û˵Ҳ˵ֻڿȡ
УǰҲ߶߶ˣô߶߶֮Ҳȥˡ
ǰҲʵڲôˣСʱǵӰ׬Ǯ˻ôģ

˻֮ؿȵǹɾڹȥˣָ̧1717š

ǰһ۷ţˣʱ棿Уҽ˶ŵ㡣
ǣ߰ǰʡ
ȻʱûˣҲóˡ

磬鷳ðӹ
֮Լ˵

ǰ
ΪʲôҪӰ

֮ߵ1717ſվţǽδ˵һ仰
ǰˡ

ǰȥȡӣ˳㿪˷䣬ٻʱӵݸ֮ˣϰףѾɾˡ

֮ƣ£۾ɤ﷢һš
Ӧƹ⽥䰵ڰ֮ͶӰӡ

Űɡ
ֻҪ˪˪ڷﲻͲᷢʲô¡

˻֮˵ٲһ£ʲô
ǰӦ£ãο϶ˡ

Ա߿䣬̸֮ǰȥ˯ɡ
ǰԼ⣺û£š

֮ݷ˵磬ȥ˯
ǰ

*

ʱ1717һߴյϿèۿߵһ߰Ϻ˪˪ˡ

ϣѧģģְ
֮ǰʱҽ̣ʱܵѿΪСһء

ʱôһ꣬˪˪ʱڸĳˡ
ûľУ˪˪룬ܸͽˡ

ʱߵܿǰˣа֮һֱſš

ʱУ֮žŰɣ˺һ˿˵˪˪㣬վţ˿ư涷
ȥ䣬óƿƣƿǣͷ˿ھ˵˿˵ȻԣҺҪӮǮġ
ʱ۵ͷ˵УǮ˪˪˵ĻҰֵġ
˪˪
ˡ

˪˪ղͰ֮˵ܲŵĻҲֻѣǾԲʱۺ֪Ѷġ
ȻԵĻҲϣð֪֮һʱۺ˵˯ġ
ǲУҪտʱۣΪտʱۡ

˪˪ʱн˿ƣϴƷƣЦ˵ɣɱ˵ĻҺʱ˯ϣС˯ɳ
ϵͷû⡣

ʱ涷ʱ򣬻յܳĵ΢š

ܳż˵۱أôˣ
ʱⱲиܳĺùֵأ

ʱ۰˵ˣܳû£Ȼܳ˵ڶӮǮˣȫ㣡
ܳˣõı

ʱۺϣԼ˪˪ڷ˰޵Ķֻʱۡ
ʱ۶ˣߣ첲Ҫɱ˪˪ϣһѺ˸Ƿ˵ԼҪ˯ͷȥɳ˯ˡ

ʱϣû԰˼ӮǮ𣿡
ҪӮǮأ

ЦҪԣһ׬ʲôǮ
ʱۣ

˪˪ЦˣͦѶԸԼư֮ⷽҲͦʡ
˽ģϣһ֮ģ֮ñúһ

ʱ˯ǰ鲽ȥèۿһߡ
賿һӣȻ֮ϻûߣ붨ĵƵģżڴͿȡ

ʱſèۿһط˯
žŰɣ۵





72.  72   2.28絶

ڶߵ, ʱǱԼֻѵġ
⽻˪˪϶ֻɾԼҲģʽû뵽˻һ绰, ͻģʽ

ʱ۲˯Сʱ۾, 绰һ˭
Է˵С̷򡣡

ʱ۰˯ѵģԺģŶС̷á
ʲô, ؼڵ绰һߺʱѣҳǸʲôѣҲҳ

ʱ۱С̷ĺˣһ´ӴС̷ģ
ؼ˵㷿ſڣ

ʱɵ, ֪С̷ôˡ
ŤͷҪ˪˪, Ϳ˪˪ѾڴͷϷűʼǱ۾, ٲȻѾһˡ

˪˪ʲôʱѵģʲôչ𣿡ʱʡ
˪˪ժ۾, ̫Ѩ˵ڻûи౬ϳ, һϵǱߵˣǹԱ, ϵ㳡رع⣬ٳΧԾ첻ģϢһ졣

ʱ۶Ӱ쵽ͦǸ, һϵ绰ٵǸ

˪˪˵ǽƵЩعˣҹƵ;, ְѾƵˣҹ죬ֻа֮һסˣ˶ûɹ¥ûˣǰȫġǣ㻹ܳƵ꣬Ƶ϶ˣھƵŰɡ
ʱۣ
Ϣе

ԣ˪˪㣬С̷ˣʱʣС̷绰𣿡
˪˪̧ͷ˵С̷ˣûܴ绰ǹģ

ʱ۾òְ̫֣ŵģ϶˪˪һ
ԣ϶ǰ֮С̷ģ

˵֮
Ȼ״

ʱ۷ɿ𴲻·ܳȥ˪˪Ҳ´ȥæʱ۴ֺñӡ
ˣǹƺǽʱ۳ȥģӦа취ʱ۴Ƶ꣬Ҫʱ۴ñӿ֡

ʱ۳ȥʱҲˣϴŶֻʲôڸ׬ǮĻ

ʱ뵽£֡
̧ͷʱ۷ܣժ¶ôˣ˵

ʱվڲ輸ǰ˵ҹһܻ鷿û¶˾·ȥ˯ɡ
ۿ˻ˡ
ѹã𣿡ʡ

ʱһĳ鷿Ļ棬ͷǣ

˪˪
Īڴ

Ҳһ߰˪˪ʱۡ
ʱҡͷû¶˪˪ɡ
ֱС̷ֻߡ

ʱۿųȥ˪˪̽ͷһۣſվŵȷʵǺܣкͷĽˡ
ʱۿ϶ǲϸС̷ֱģ˪˪ʱѸٹţȻŴкָ̧ЦˣС̷Ϻѽ
ؼż俴أ

ʱע⵽ԱߵûˣҲûˣſֻС̷
мûм򣬡ʱû˵ĸ˸ģ

ؼü˵˰֮ĸˣ
һǰߡ

ˣؼˣؼʱ۵Դ˵Сڼ׼ˣؼҳԷ첻ڼңͻС̼סСҲˡ
ʱ۵ͷȻʣС̷ֱôҡ߳ȥ˪˪˵ƵſںöڵŽء

ؼҡͷȻĴൽʱǰ
ʱۣ

С̷ǡģ
ʱֲõֱ

ؼ˵ûװõġԼ򿪣Լȥɡ


*

ʱߺĸڷ䣬֮վ̨ϣؼĳƵ꣬תطӹǰҩˮͷˡ
Ȼųȥڵš

˪˪͸èۿǰ֮ʱ۲µĻԣȻĳ鷿ˡ
Ѿɺˣ˪˪ţװסʦôˣ

֮û˵ֱ
˪˪װģææصţѽʦҪʲô۱ڣýȥˡ

ǰҲ˽ק˪˪ס֮
ʦ˪˪ŲӺȥҶ˵۱ڡ

֮δûӰ߽ҡ
Ȼ󣬰֮վſڣס

ϣ˦أҵظűװ˯
ûۣ͵Ҳ໮˻ˣۣۣ

ǰ
ݰġ

˪˪æ̽Դ˵С˯۱ˡʦ㿴˵˲ˣ

֮ͷտԣְһҹϲųҩʱѪģʼԡ
ƫͷԲֹһһأȵͣ

װѵӣط˸ü˵˪˪㣬˭ſڿ԰淳ȥ𣿡
Һʱڵϲ˯ˡ

˵䡰ʱڵϲ˯ϾӸǵԴϡ
˪˪

Ͽ֣仰ɱ̫ˡ
Ҳر֣ͱϰ

˪˪Ȼʱһ֮ϵ仰Ҳȷʵ̫ˡ
֮ʲôӦ

˪˪̽ŵԴת֮֮ɫһѪɫûС
֮վĹĹһϡ

˪˪䵽ˣԴվֱ֮ıӰ
ӰҲվĹɪΧ䡣

˪˪ͻȻİ֮ĻְĹȥ
ҲֻǸ򹤵ģ˼ϸˡ

˪˪Ҫ˵֮ͻȻתͷ˪˪ûˡ
ҪְĹȥ

Ȼ֮û˵һ仰תˡ
ǰæϣ°֮Ҫɳʲô¡

ű򿪣̵Ŀ󽥽ʧ
˪˪ժ۾˿
ղΪ֮Ҫִˣ֡

ǰŰ֮߳䣬֮վסˣԲֹ

ողһʧˣֱ˪˪
˪˪ڣʱ۲Ǹκ¡

ʱȻڱͷ
ʱ̫ᣬʱԺ˼ɣʲô¶ó

ǰ鵽ϣѧĴ׼磬ҵ
֮ǰʱûйκνû׷ʱۣӦǸѡ

Ǽٵģ¸Ϳˡ
ʱʲô¶Ĳɿصġ

֮Ϳţ˸ڷ䣬Ȼƣȥ̨
̨ϵ̣ǰסʲôˣˡ

֮ͷ˸ǰһۣ̣ţˡ

ǰкܶ໰˵վֳĬɣȰ֮ͨ
ʱۺͰ֮˵£ûȰͨ

ֱյһϢֻݸ֮˵׸磬Ǳˣ㿴һ¡

֮ӹմ㹫ȷʵˣԼײ˵ʼֻʦܹϵϣǲҪ˺ʱۡ

֮绰գüʣҪе£
ùˣǱС֮ǰ˼һֱҰϣ˿ʱۣε£ٺЩϵҺܱǸ

Ժٹɣ֮˵ڹʣø˽߷ŵʱϡһԸţתעҶҪ
⣺Ҳ𣿡
ţ֮˵ҷʱۻ

ձΪ֮ƶʱ۱׵
֮ĻǴڰ֮Է֮󣬰֮ʱۻûкͺã

ʱۡռǵʱʱһֱڿ޵ģ۵Ȱ֮۰ʲô£ģһҪΪԼ޷ԼͲʱ۽㡣㲻ʱҶ

֮û˵
ôܲʱۣ
ʱۿޣ絶





73.  73   3.1һϷ

ûйҶϺյͨ, ˻֮ʣʦ㣬ʦô
ʦ, ֻܾȥТʱȥʦ
⼸, ûгʱȥʦ

߳ЩҰֻҲ, ŮĳɣѵһʮģҲÿ춼İɡ

֮ƿֻŻͲ, ʣȥŹ𣿡
̾Ű, ܴ绰żҽԺ¥, Ҫӡҡ

Ǻõ, ʼʱ, ΪвȴӦ
ڣȻн黳
Ǳĸ, ܻһֱ
Ժͱ֪
δ£˭˵׼أδ£δɡ

û˵£תʣûҽԺҹҰ, ȥҹϴδȥˣ
֮Ϸˡ

ˣصϷӣǿϷ, ԰֮ھκ˰ɣûٳ֡

ٹҵ绰ʱ˵֮ʱôôãҪѹˣҪˡ

֮վ̨ϣ˫޵Ŀ

*

ʱ۵С̼Һյ˪˪ϵϢ˵֮ĹƵĿӡ
ʱۿϢˡ

뵽֮ı飬ư֮ɱϵĶС
֮ϵģ԰֮˽⣬֮Ǻ̺ܿƵˣʻʲô˵תߡ
Ȼˡ

ҹư֮ҲϷʲôϾ˪˪Ҳ
ǰܻ֮ᵣģβģһξˡ

ʱ룬һʲôأ
ϵŰ֮

У첻УԼء

Ҫô֮˵ҳ͸ҽ飿
ǸԱ͵ݸˡ
켸ķɻͼ飬

ˣлҲǷˣ֤㡣

Ҫôֱȥ֤
ͱ֤

ǻ֣ʱô졣

*

󣬹ʱ۵С۵ȼ٣Ҳûʲô׷ʱۡ
ΪʱۻС̼ҵĵ죬ͳ°ԡĳŮʽ飬һ
ǵת⾢ϣĻעʱ۲۵Сˡ

°ôôʱ֣ҵʱҲһַŵϢһǰӰǱ߸ġ

֮ʱۻصƬϷ

Ƭİ֮ʱĶϷʱȻָˮ׼
һϵ˿ͻرʱ۵Ŀ⡣
ҲȻڿԣʼûá

ʱ۱Ͼ̽ģ֮ˣϱѧУʦסһȥʦ칫Ұ˰ٴΣ͸ҵģû취̽ࡣ
ʱټǮҲҪҵأûϹ
Ȼʱۿ֮񣬸ˡ

֮ʱ֮仯ֳйԱˡ
˴ȥ꿪ڣϷĻ仯ɽƵģϽΪݣ˵ĸ仯

֮һֱʱۣܵһϷ
ԭһӾصϷʱҵݣоɾˣǳ뱻ڵİ֮ǡ

һϷҲĵһϷ
ⳡϷɱˣ֮Ҫˡ

*

ƬϢУϽߵ֮£̧ͷڽ￴籾ʱۣ԰ֱ֮⣺ҪĺϵϷˣϰף׼

ⳡϷʱҪڴܣں
ڵ±ȶҪúܶ࣬ںϷݣһϷʱۿܻںһСʱϣѰ

֮ϵľ籾ֽű˷ɳɳ죬Ϳ˵Ҳ׼
Ͻ˵ǿ϶׼ϣ׼ҪʱΪʱ۴ҵϷ

֮ܲʱۻûǳϷѾˡ
ʱ۵˽⣬ʱǸӣѾںﶳˣҲẰͣ
ڹ󹲴ϷѾ¿ˣҲẰͣ

֮籾ӵɳϣ̧ͷϽܣţϵҲɴ㣬ʱܲˣ㡭
ϽܴϣʱܲˣԼ˵Ҫ˵𣿡

֮üͷܲˣҲ˵ִܹ
ϽǾȥȰšΪݣԱ弫ޡԱܲУӦԱ˵ˣǱˣӦԼ

ϵֻⷬڸ֮ȥʱ˵ҲѰ֮ʱʱ治֮ͣ׼֡

ʱ۵ĹִĿá
󹲴һңжŮ
ʱˣҲֻ

ϵ뿪󣬰֮򿴾籾ʱۡ
ʱ۲ʱصͷϵΪ

˪˪ʱԱߣżʱ˵ʱţĿͱãȻ
񣬶Ϊ

״̬ϵĴҹϷôġ
֮վʱ߹ȥ

˪˪Ҳںʱ˵Ϸ§ʱ۵ĸ첲˵۱ǵһҪģǧʲôо͡

һ£˪˪㡣ͷµʱͻȻ˪˪ࡣ
ŵ˿ѩľζе˸Ӱ˲Цվ֮֮֮

ͻȻоԼ˪˪
˪˪ʱ۶ǰֻ֮߿ˡ

֮ᶯʱôġ֣֮֮
ʱ۵Ŀ⣬ƽ

ʱ۲ϲôûĿ⣬ʱ
Ϊˣʱʧˣܳ壺°

ˣ֮ŵú˵ǳϷʱۣоˣҪӲš
ʱͷʣӲأ𣿡

֮µľӲţ󣬱Ŀⲻӣкܶ취ⳡϷԺڼȥȪˮ£Чкܶ취㲻ҪӲš

֮Խʱ۶ӣʱԽ÷ݡ
ʱ˫ֲ嶵֮㻹Ǵɱͳ𣿡

֮ĬĬϰĳĬֻżĿҿİ

ʱҲĬĬá
ȻȻӲӲţֺʲôϵ

ʱ̧ʣߣ
֮˾ش˵ɱڶ졣

*

ӭˡСŮһϷصǺϡ
ٺҲⲿϷڱĵԭ򣬺ϵϷݶصϷ

ǷŮûҵŮ֮վڼװϸҹº档
˫ֵŮûںںȻںΪԼ

佭Ϸݺʱںľͷ
ʱѾں׼㡣

ʱۣϵڴ϶Ҫܲˣ͸ƣĴָϾǿԣ¾ǲСﳯҲףСĴָ˾СĴָȫҪ𣿡
ʱĴָס

˵꣬ϵͷ۰֪֮ʱۣҲʱۣÿһԱ֮ǰкģһʱ۲ͣͱ

֮û˵沿ѱؿźʱۡ





74.  74   ۡ

֮ĹϷ, ֪ˮж䣬֪жܣʱûںľͷ
ʱ, ֮ǰͽ˶ҽԺںˮ, ҪںҪݵλ

ѣ̫ˡ
ʱںѾ, Ȼ

ϵ֮ӦĲ浼㣬ڻǰ˵ˡ

Ͻûͷ, ֻſĻ棺ʱûкͣ, ֮ÿ
ǵӰǹҼ, ϸҪ߱׼

ϵ, ֮, ʩѹһһ˵ȥ, ʱ۾ҪҽԺˡ
Ͻܾ֮Ȼ֮˻Ƶɤв㵻ͷ
֮ﲼѪ˿ҧҧúݽ, üͷ粻ƽɽȫͷѹȸУѹ

ϽϢ, תͷûͲʱۣһܵ𣿡
ʱ۵Դ¶ĺ棬˫ֲںϻԼҪ̫䣬촽Ѿ÷ףٴĴָ

ȫڷҲڷԣû⡣
ſڵͬʱƮɫë϶ǱΡ

ʱʵѾҪˣ⺣ˮġǱģˮ̹ǡ
ʱûкͰ֮ϾҪ⹫Լ㶳ҲҪȥ
Ȼﳤ󣬵ҲܳԿࡣ

ҿԡʱٴĴָ˵
ʹԴˮͷȫʪðˮ棬ԴҪըۡ

ʱ۵Ŀ϶ǿش𣬰֮תߵԱ߿˳̡

紵ͷںҵƮҧ̣ضź治Ҫʱۡ
кɣܹܵҪڽɡ
ûκǿʱҲĻ

ڽϾϾԼϾҲⲿƬӽϾ
ϾۣҲۣĸƢÿۡ

֮ʱ۵ʱԱ߱ԡӵʱ۵˪˪ҲѾ۵òС
˪˪ʱˣʱۺ̫ˣϷҪˣôҲһˣʱȴһСŮ
˪˪ûˮأֻվڴϣѾ紵÷ˣοںʱۡ

˪˪֪Լ϶ȰͨʱۣͷҰ֮
֮һڽһڵس̣۾ҹһƬͨ죬ʱۡ

֮˪˪ֱӺȰȰʱ۰ɣȥ˰
֮δţԽʱۣڵȴݵһȥʱ۳

˪˪㣬ϰˣվڰ֮һߣźʱ˵ϰҲȰʱۣ˭Ȱˡ

ղ괬ϵϷûշϢҲʱۡ
δϵ˳󱣻ŮӣôܳԿ;ǲӿĺˮǱġ

ʱۣһһû뺣㡣
ʼûϰΪһΣȥѣһֱںš

˪˪֪˭Ȱʱۣʹɫýæϵ˵˵

ҲʵڿȥˣȥԱϽ˵ϵˮ̫ˡ

ϽҲҲ۰⾵ͷҪϴӫĻģܡࡱܡɡҪһ˿
ͬ仰ʱ۲ˣ͸ˡ
ȻϽתͷ˪˪˪˪Ҳѹ½⡣
˪˪ܵۿֱתصͷ

ȻʱദֻھЩӣû꣬ʱȷ˽ʱۣϵƺͣ
ת֮֮ѾڷԵýȫý
֮ڳ̣ۿɼ̵ָ֮ڲͣض

ϰףȥİ֮򣬸֮ܵļ򶼺Ӳ̾ɵ㣬ô˶ںﻤʱۣʱ۲κΣա
֮۾紵ͨ죬ɴʱںԼ

ᱻˡ֮˵
˵֣˺ôƵġ

̾οﶼˮˣðҩҲ׼ˣûµģš

֮˵ˣû취š
Ҳϣţźʱۣ޷ġ

֪֮ʱ֮䣬ʱǰܾ֮ʱ۵״̬
֮ǰ״̬ʱ֮·ʱһںǿӲš
֪ĥ֮

ڣ̲֮ȥźʱ˵ʱۣҪˣҪˡ

֮һڣϴ˶ȥΪƵǶġ
صģʱǺǿ־壬˶˿̶ʱ۵ۡ
۵޷ԼҪʧء

ʱۣԣˣ

˪˪һֱŵᣬҲ̲ȥ˲

ʱںţų򿴹ҧŵɿ֮㻹Ҫ𣿡
ҲǶģԶ䵽֮ʱѾС
ѾȫȴȻڴġ

֮ҧסݣûɿڡ
ۣ˷ۡ
ʹԼļᶨҲʹ˺ʱ۵Լ

ʱûеȵĻӦٶţϽܣᶨ˵ϵˡ

֮ݺݳһ̡
հ̵Ķͷĺ𽥱ӳϣ֮ٱ䰵
Уʱ۵ۣһһ̽
һĿǣࡣ

һ֧̣֮ͻȻѵףڵϡ
ǰüͷ֮Ҫʲô

ͨһ֮ʱιȥ
ʱ۱ͻȻİ֮ŵˣΪ֮ץģҪӲץϰһӦûˮҪӿ

ŵ㿴ŵ㣬ǰţ˲ð亹ˮô䣬ϰɱȳ㶼ûҵ죬㻹ðأҶ쿴ŵʱۺͰ֮

ϵıϽܿʱ֮ܰĶ֣ҪϷŮжĻ棬棬ҪЧ

ʱ۱ں⿪߽Ψְ֮ιţڽ⿪Դ̽棬ͷһæߡ

֮ʱͻȻ٣ֱ۴ˮٶȸ죬ż׷
Խ׷ʱԽԽ졣
ʱٿ죬վ֮׷ϡ

ϽܿĻطţȫҪĻ档
еĵģ˵˾䡰
ⲿϷȫˣɱˡ

ʱ۱֮§ס˲󺰣ſңϷذ֮
ͲҪ𣡡֮еˮö£ûˣ
ʱί޺𣺡ûûˣҲң

֮һֻ§һֻˮ
Ƭʮ˿ԣµĲ٣ʱ۶䲡

ſң
ʱ۲߶µؿ޺ţ֮ſҡ
ţѾ״Σ㲻ǶѾſΪʲôֲſң

֮§ţȴ״εĻ
Զԣֻ֪Ҫϴůȥˮ衣
ҪðҪҪ²

ϵĵҪĻ棬Ҳں˸ϿѰ֮ʱ۴ϴ
ߣ֮ʱơ

˺棬紵ʱ۸䣬޷ȣӲЩˤȥ
֮Ѹǰס촽ʱ۶ߡ





75.  75   ʮ顣

֮סʱ۶˵, 㡣

ʱתͷ
ղһֱظ仰ֻھű

˺ʱקϴ, ʱ˫ۻؿŰ֮
˪˪ԡޱʱ˰ʱ̧ԡȥ

ʱŰ֮, ֮ðͷδڲͣؿԡ
ȥ̫ͻȻ, ûΪ׼·ޱǰ޴Լ֮

ȵȣ˪˪㣬ʱ۷Ŷ˪˪˵, ȵ, л˵

ȻǸ˵֣֮
, , Ľ

̧֮ͷ, Ŀ⣬ʶͿ첽Ҫס
ǿ촽ڶºıܷӦ

վסʱ˵
ʱ϶ˮ, ֲǺˮᣬʪۡ

֮վסˣͣ⡣
۵

ʱ˵֮, һ̿ʼҾŮѣ, ֻҪңҾԶϲ㣬㡣Ҳ
˵꣬ʱۿ֮˫ţڴص߹

ɰ֮վһ
˫ۣҲ´
˫Ǵͷµʪˮһ̲ıۡ

ʱ۵һ룬룬ʮ룬һӡ
֮ûж

ڹȥסԶŲˡ
Ͳ̸ֻҪ飬Ҫ޸

޸һǿ||Ķӡ
Զᡣ

ʱ˫۱ϣ
ˣˡ

ʱۣʣ壬ߣ

塱֣Ȼ˰֮һ⡣
֮˵졣

һϷɱ硣
죬Ҫߡ

֮Ҫˡ
Ҫˡ

ʱҧ޳ݵ˵ãܺá
֮ɡҳҺ˽飬ԡ

顣
֮ૡ
ʶظ֡

ʱۣ֮ͻȻ̧ͷɤҪ嶯

ʱһһ˵֮ҷģҳҺ͸˽顣
˵ԿҺܲó

ʱ˵꣬ٵȰ֮˵ת˪˪
˪˪סʱۣޱʱۣȥˮ衣

˪˪ŻˣʱⳡϷ²ˮ裬ȽˮҩӣһԵȫʱϣʱ۸

ֵҵǣʱ۵ڶûðֻͷۡ
ʱֻͷۣ˪˪Դʱȥҽ˺ܶҩʱ۴ҹﵽڶ綼ûкȵĸðǰףһֱϷϢ˪˪ڶʱ۵״ġ
ʱ۵״̬Ȼûзġ

֮ɱĵڶҪߣ̫˺ʱˡ
ǰ֮ĻƱڵڶʮӣ˪˪֪ʱǷĻʮӽ顣

ڶյǰ֮
Ϸҹ֮͸յУǰŷˣǰ֮ߵˣҹյ˵

ǰ֮˵ʲôǰ壬֪϶ǹʱ۵ġ
ʱһ䡰ҳ͸ҽ顱Ƕˡ

ιҩ£ǰæһϣڶϣ֮²Ž38ȡ
ôûٸյˣˡ

֮󣬿ߵĸǰʵĵһ仰ǣʱô

ǰû˵ʲôΪֻ֮ԿͶţȫû˵
ǰ˰֮ͣ˵û£ʱûð˪˪Ҳʱȥҽˣİɡ

֮ˣۡ
ȻһĿԡ
Ѿ˵ƿȡ

ǰһǩѹ忴֮ĺѾ׵ˣѹ˵

Ű֮˵ǰ˵˵Ļ
֮ȻҲ֪ΪʲôһһξܾʱۣĶ˺ʱ£ͦġ

ǰˮһ̾ⲻ㣬֮ⲻ㡣
Һ֣ʮ˰ɡΪʲôôãΪãǳá

֪ůƲǽģİɣǰ˵Ȼδ˵ҺвģһƵˣҲ֪ǵ̡ôãΪʲôҪ˺ʱʱۿأ

֮ڴͷӹǰˮҩͷˡ
ɤӿˣǺۣۡ

֮죬Ƶģģûôá
ûôá
ûнܹԼ

ǰ˵ˣʼ㱨¡
֮Ҫˣ֮Լߣ˭ҲǸǰһڰ֮ߵĹ

ǰ˵ϵһΣ˽ɱ磬ϵϣܳϯ岻УϵҲǿ
Ϸɻ֤ˣʮķɻҰ˵ȥͲ
ϽǱߣû˵֮ǰ˵һֱʦϽ뿪ģҪߣԼͽ˵ɡ

ǰ˵˵ţ˱Թ
֮ţ

ʱۻҸ˽
ˣʱۻĺͱ˽

硣֮
ǰ죬ûʲôؿ

֮ʹĺԸǰ˵ܴ绰쿴סʱۡ
ǰͻȻЦ׸磬ܿסʱһ죬ѵܿסʱ𣿼ȻʱҸ˽飬ͱ߰

ǰ˰֮ؿڡ
ǰܿסʱһ죬ѵܿסʱ

ϵɱ磬ϽҲﵽʱǱߡ
ʱ廹ԣϣʱܳϯ

֣֮ʱҲ֣ԺⲿϷòã
ⲿϷǷˮûô
ѡǿʼͲϳ⣬Ů

ʱڵ绰Ӧ˱Ͻܣϵҿ϶ϯѽҪأлôһֱչأ
ǹԹԵĻֺ˵ʱۣϽܸˣúúãǾͺá

Ͻתͷͽʱۻϯɱ£ת˸ǰ
ܿ죬ǰҲϢϵ׸Ҳ׼ʱϯġ

֮δ˵ǰ֪ɱ磬ǰ֮һμʱˡ
ڱԺʼûм΢ţ֮ԺʱȦ붼ûˡ

ɱ磬ԱԼ֮ʱۣ㣬ȫ׼ʱϯ
Ϊʱ֮ǰϳ£ⳡɱûκý˿ڣǾڲˡ

ʱ۽촩رƯҲڱ֮ط죬һģһһ׺С۷䡢֭Сĵİɫȹ
ǰһμʱ죬ûע⵽ʱ۰ȹϵԪأע⵽ۣ֭밮ġ
ʱŶµʱۣڴͰ֮ļɡ
ʱʱۣѾϲܾ֮˰ɡ

ʱ۳˴Űɫȹ磬ϻһǣ顣
СŮƵ̧߽ۿǽվİ֮

֮ûдװֻŰ׳㡣
ֲ嶵ֻ

֮Ӧڿè
ǰ˵֮ŪֻʵûϷҲûڷϢֻڿè

ʱۺȻһֱ֪֮ҵè֡




76.  76   Ķӡ

ʱ, ϽƼʱˣִк´ʱ, ƯƯ
ʱûв˼ЦŽ˵ݵĿ佱ллϵѽϵҲ˧

ϽûϷʱܴĹװ, Ǻ˧
ϽЦЦʱһԹϱ

ϽʵǸܺദĵ, ֻϷѡ
ͦϲʱ۵ģʱϷʱܺܿ˼ϷҲ³Կ࣬Ǹ۵Ա

ʱںһĻĻ, Ͻܹʣô, ûﲻİɣ
ʱ绹еͷأͷҲ, ҡͷ˵ͦõ, ûв, ллϵѽ

û¾ͺã, Ͻ§ʱۼ򣬻ͷǣ֮һ߿ֻ, ֮֮Ҳ, ֻˡ
Ͻ߶Ű֮һٷˣֻ

ֻ֮Աһֻ͸ˮƵıӣ
ɫãƤܰף԰ףʱš

ŮһɡϽܽǳ䵱յ鳤Ѱ֮ʱ۰ϣЦк⣬ȳһҶˡ
ƣƾƣϽкŸλּţѾƶϡ

ʱۺͰ֮ڶȴûа뽻
Ҳʱ⿴֮ʱ֮⿴ʱʱ˵ǡôˡ

ϵϽܵİţʱ۵ˡ
ʱЦ̧ͷ˵лл˫־Ʊ

ͻȻıӱ˶ߡ

֮ûпֻǴж߱ӣȻӵϣưסס
ƲʱۺȾƵ˼Զ

ʱ۵ͷֱ֮԰״񲡵ò˵֡
û˵ֱƿ֡

ʱ۵һûƿüɰ֮֡
ڶƣƿˡ

֮ɿֺ󣬷һ̾Ϣ

ʱӾС磺лл

СҲеΣϵ˵ɱ磬ɢﷹϣλܺȾͺȵ㣬˾ƣһйƪˡ
СԱ֮߰Ŀ£ʱ۵˾ƣٸ֮ơ

úúãٱϽܿλľƱˮվ±ӣ´ǣⲿϷҲ֪۱Ƚ϶࣬ô˳ƽˣұϽܰǳлҡǽĵһƣףǵⲿϷԲɣڴɱ

ȫվʱҲվͷ˱ϵ´ʵһơ
ʱ۾һϷɱ࣬ҪȸС

ʱۺⱭƣ˻ͷ¾Ʊ֮ʱƺҪڡ
ʱ۶죬ԼƣԼԼˡ

ȥʼûпԷ۾Ҳû˵һ仰
нУǰн

ڶƣϽܿΣİ֮

֮ˣϯǸӣȻҲܸԭʱۣʲôԭ򣬰֮ˣϽܾͺܸл
Ͻ˵֮Ҳ˵仰ɡɤӷأͲö˵ˣ˵һ仰С

֮űվ
״̬ЩĵǵһϷ

һϷǺʱ۵Ϸţ΢ţҲƱĳЩš
ʱɿ壬ͷҲûͣûбױʦͿ覣̺Ȼǳۿɼ߸ϵİӰۣһǧѰʧˡ

֮δЦδδٱллλ
ɤƵģĸֲ̫Ｗ˴ϵɳʯִɳʯĥż

˵գ֮ͷڶơ

֮ʵ̫ˣ̲סĵһ䣺ʦ𣿳ҩ𣿡
֮ͷް

ϽʵҲ۰֮֮Ͻа֮ˣλƣúúãʦðǾͲ˵ˡ
ϽתͷʱۣʱۣҲ˵䣿

Ͻ֪ʱʱĵһϷʱ򣬻᲻ͥ˵ʱۣʹ˵ﻰɡȻ˯һܻ˵ʲô

ʱ۵ͷűӣԹվ
ϵɫɱȰ̫֮ˣɫ촽ӯ󣬴۾ƶǹ⣬ţҲƺ⡣

Сû񣬿һʼͱŪˣϵ˵ɱɢﷹ֪ԺټļʾͺСˣҲûټĻˡңģܸлʱҵչˣСҲǣСɡͺܶʱĺܸлǶҵİݡ
ʱɲģҪˣҲ˵ˡףÿһ˶ƽ˳졣
˵ţʱ۾𱭣Ҳ𱭣һͬơ

Ͻܶʱ۰֣úúã°ɣš۱ˡ
ЦŶʱЦ»أ»Ϸ۱ŶӰ

ʱæϹлӦ˵á
ĵľȥʱվ

ʱ۸ԼֵһƣλͬµͻȻתΪ˷ܵǻٱ˵ˣһ£ʮ飬ֱȥ֤ʱҪ
ʱ۴˻һȫȻž
кܶ˫۾ʱԵİ֮ϡ

֮ɫȲ԰׸ҰףǰľƱ
һ˲࣬Ƹˡ

Զ׼ʱ۵ɣǰ֮

¶ǣʱѾȶ࣬еǲˣ·ûע⵽ҵİĿ⣬˵֤ٲ񡣡
һʱ򣬿϶Ҫÿһ˷ϣһҪϯѽ
ĿǰҪҪȥ֤

ʵҾõʱΪգͻȻ˺ߺ˷磬˷˵˵ʱѻŮ
Ťͷŵһİ֮ʦôãҵġչˡˣôСھһףףҡ»֣úϡɣ

˵꣬ʱ۽˷ڰ֮ߣڡ

ֻ֮ǰľƱɫ׳ҪףɫҲʧˣһƬס
˷ߣһһ೤ѹʲô

ʱɫ󣬰֮ɫ׵ࡣ
ʱ˿˵ˡ

ʱЦţЦкᡣ
֮һ۵û˹ʡ

֮ͻȻվ
˷ײϣһ̶
Ӻˣַһ̶֨ѽ

ײ˷磬ײʱ۵ĸ첲δ˵һ仰ֱˡ

ʱۿֱ֮ͦ뿪ıӰ֪ΪʲôǾӰĶӡ

⣬ϵ˱һĻˣǾͶʼСԣкţѵе⣬е⣡
ϵа취ת˵עеĨ⣬һͬôõͬǣת˲

֮ϯ󣬾Ͳϵؿԣֹ·ҪӸȳ
ǰղȥϴּˣûеһʱע⵽֮ȥǻ˪˪ѵģϽ˱ˮŸ

֮ûԶվźš
ŵĸЧԣ

ַ֮תˣȭסؿȡ

ǰæİ֮󱳣ô𣿡
˵ţǰŵ˰֮ϵľζ̾ôȾˣԵʱý̾ư㿴㡣

֮˵ֻȣɿȣҪȳѪƵĿȡ
ǰû취ֻԱ߶߶߶




77.  77   ԺǷ

ǰ߶, ۡ
ղŴϴּ˪˪֮˵ʱ˷԰֮ĻʱҪȥ֤

ʱӾǿ, ⲻźͰ֮Ͼ
ϵǰ֮ҳ͸ҽľ

ȻиĹܣ˷署, Ȼܴ
֮ˣƺʲôͻȻ̧ͷİȫͨš

֮˹ȥ
ƿȫͨ, ̨ףǰ޵Ļ롣
иڿ޵СŮ͵͵ţ޵üһһ, ޵ۡ

˭, ǿСŮ

֮ţڽ, ĵƺбȿ˺ѵźʲô
ȻȫͨԾһƬ

, Ҹ̡֮ͷ˵
Ƶġ

ǰվڰ֮, ̾˿ˣʲô

֮û˵ֱǰ, ﹴ̺ʹ
ҧ̣⣬һڡ
ſ֣һš

Ӱ̵Ĳ, ʱݵ³ʱĺᣬµǷϡ
ҲǸǰ, ֮ǷϵһĻ

̻Ʈ䣬Ʈ˰֮ϣʳֱָѿ̻ɫۼ
ҧǣְȥȧͻͬʱǷϣ·ʱϢ

ȫͨͻȻƿһ΢Դ̽ŷ졣
ǰͷźոˡ
ʱۡ

ʱ̽Դ֮͸ǰ߳ЦǹȻ
Ȼⰲȫͨ

ȫͨﻹζʱͻȻþǰطꡣ
֮س̣һͻȻƦӡ

һȥ׵ԺʱЦʣأ
ƺͰ֮ûʲô£ֻġ

ǰͷ˵ʦ̫վ

ǰ˽ģǹʱ˵֮ġ
ʱ۲û䡰ʦ̫Цֱ֮ûʰ֮ûгҩ֮ǺѵĻֻ˵ʦġ

֮һ£û̧ͷԽˡ
̵ָüͷδһ¡
ƺԤϣ̸ۣۡ

ʱߵ֮ǰվסͷЦһ¶ѳ̣Ц˵ʦһֱ𣬲֪δټˣһ
ףԺ˳
ʱ۵ףģ˵Ҳףδĳһ죬ԸԼ

˵꣬ʱֵľƾٵֱ֮ߣȰ֮ӹȥ
ģһ֮һԼȸɱ

ǰ֮ûнӱӡ
ʱ۲һֱš

ʱ·ֹ֮ʱ۲Ӿƣʱ۲Ҳߡ
ãڣ֮ſĿ⣬תʱۡ

ʱЦЦúܿģĵ⡣
ƴȾȾð֮Ҳʲô

֮ʧȥѪɫ촽һһϻˣƵҪ𣿡
ʱЦŷʣҪ𣿡

֮ٴη
ʱ۵ĿҲű𿪣ûн㡣

ʱգ۾˵ѽġҽ飬ȻҲġ
˵ţʱٴνƱ֮ƣ֭磬һɡⱭƣҲ;һɢˣˡ

ƱɢŨľζͷʹʹ

ʱ۽˵Сѣ˵֭磬Ҳһ˵ˡ
֮ɢˣ˵ˡ

֣֮Ɑơ
ʱƹһ֣Ͷһ֡
ӣȡ

аɣǾͲǿˣʱƿӣȰˣȥұϵȡ
ʱ۶Ʊߣǰ㿪ţš

ʱһ̤ȹڵźÿĻȣͻȻͷˣʦһֱˣèʲô֣
ʵҲʣ֮ǰһֱڵȰ֮ȥһߣèġ
û뵽ҲûеȵǾԼʰɡ

֮Ĭ
ʱԾɲĵصš

ã֮ش𣺡

ʱظ֡
Ȼп˵ԭ±

ǰ֮èȡʱèĳŵԶè
ʵҲԼδڴϣԼ

ʱ۴ż˳תͷƵĶ˵ʦ˵СɡȻ±ͲӦˣǰɣ
ûʲôԹ͵ض˵
˵Ժʱ־ԼͦʶȤģ˼ҰӰ۶ʮˣĻСС

ˣȥˣ˵ˣʱԳЦЦͻȻԼϵŶˣ

ʱ۰ӶݸǰýæţԼ
֮⿴ʱ۽Ķ۽һ

ʱ۵ֽѾܿ⿪
⿪ݸ֮µ֮ܲӣתͶ˽ŵһֻƱ

Ʊ£˵ס
ֿɬľζ

ʱ۽ƺ˸ǰûû˼ֶ԰֮˵
ͷѵЦԺǷˡ

ţ˲䴫ȼ䡣
ʱżȥ棬С۷Ƶܽȥ

ֺȻ£ٴת˵ˣʦһ˵ұ֤һˡ
С̷סң˭Ҳסң״ҰҲܲסҡΪǰңܻЭ
ˣټɣ֮

˵仰ʱۻӻ֣Űɫȹܳȫͨܽ
˫СЬֻС۷䣬ǢĿδͷ

ټɣ֮
Ϊ㲻ңЭҪȥұˡ
Сѣ֭磬ټɡ

ȫͨŹϣ׸е
֮ŵĿնĿ⣬תھƵ

þõš
ú۵ѪѪܵĺѪһƬ

*

ɱ磬˺ơ
˲ǰ֮ʱۣнһڽɫϵӰˣơ
˺ȶˣŵڶҪͰ֮ȥ֮һһؾ

ڶϰ˵㣬ǰӰ֮֮װհĲȥ
·Щ³֮vipͨǹʺ࣬ҲǰȿųҲһ·޻

ֱ˵룬·ʱǰֻ΢űĳһϢ
˪˪ģʱ۴ȹɴͷɴƬ

ʱվӵͷɴ˫ģǾƵꡣ
ӵ½ǣյһıԵ

ʱİϣڲڲԱ߷֤
һ֤Ƿ棬֣һ֤棬Ƭʱۡ

ǰֻݸİ֮˵һ䣺ϰףҪʱ۽Ư

֮ųŵһûнֻ
ҲĲǳ⣬ʲôļˡ

ǰȷ֮϶ˣΪ˵ˡʱ֣֮ۡʱ۵ֺеġ
Ȼֻ֮Ƭǰͽֻ˻ȥǰĳ˶೤

֮ſŹԹԵĲ
Ǹܵ˰ְֵ鲨ʱͷŰְֱֵָһµذοš

Ȼżģһ°֮ϴŵ




78.  78   ˷衣

˶³ض, ·ػͨǰų֪߶

ǰ߶, òӦʽ߶
ʮ, ʮķɻʱ۾ʮȥ֤ʱۿһŮ
˵ôôǿŮأ
湻ġ
, һصʱˣٿԵñظҲã㲻ˣʱ۾ͲܽˡҲô˵, 㱻ֲ, ʱۻǻ顣

ܹԣԵÿܻ֪Լֽв, ȴѾʱзӦ
һδʱ۵, ͻȻӰ֮վ, ̽ͷǰٵУǻٶƵġ

ǰں󳵾￴, ˼ͺͲϹã֪֪Ҫȥⳤס˰㻹ûʱذɣʱСɿɰ, ҪǼʱۣʱһ죬϶رϲʱ, û׼ϲʱ۳ϲװְ֡

ǰ˵˺üʱۣˣһС
һе˿

֣֮صԼϣ治졣
ǲˣͻȻָ֮ףֱ˹ȥ֮˲ֱһۡ

ǲһγָ֮ס

֮ˣ굽Աߵĺ
Ƣܴ֮زز
ʱۡ

֮һϳ󿪿˵˵һ䣺磬ΪĻ𡣡
վûܲסĵ׵Ĳ˳

һϹȥ֮ˣɤӻûôףȻɤƵ˵һ仰ʧ˰仰ֻ³Ǽ֡
˵ԺɤĴֿ̼

֮ʱǷĻĻǰ˵˿һ
ΪΪǰźӾԱ仺˵ʱʲôԸŮǼٽ𣿡

ǰʶʱʱЩǿ£ϸš
˵ɣװĹӣµ㣬ܲ𣿵ܣҲҧˡ
ǰȥ˵Ҫ鲻ˣһֱʧˡ
أ˵˵ʲôɲ

ǰԴ𣺡Ҫ˵ʱ۰ʲôܸɵó
˵ţǰʱˣڣǴʱƲʲô¡ͽඡ

ֻ֮һ仰ǰ߶߶˵һѣÿ仰Ǳͬһȥġʱ۽϶飬ʱʲôó

߷ʱ䣬ֱµý
ǰû·ŭ֢޶ܳ壺ô£ôֶ³˰

Ա߳аȵģǰҲְȡ
һһΧ궯֮

*

Ƶķʱһֱûⷿʱ׷ʱۺ⣬˪˪ܳ
ܳȻҲҪȫ֧ʱ۵ԷۣʱҪ˭飬ʱôСͽǷӦãҪ֧ʱ۵һС飬֧֡飬Ҳ֧֡ʱ۴Сһ𳤴ķСۣԶ֧ʱۡ

ʱ۱촩ɴȥյģое̫ǾѡԵ͵İȹͷɴ
žӣͷɴʾܳÿ𣿡
ܳͷ˵ÿرÿ
ʱˣճͣ㶼˵ÿ
ܳ˵ǰǰ
һˡ

ã죬ܳһӦǻ᲻ǰ֮ˣܹȥš
ŵһ˲䣬ܳˣɵˡ

壬塣ܳ˺

ſվŵһװͣժ۾ͷҲڡ
ϷԶԼԭӵۣĴ͸ˡ

ʱֵܳˣֱȣ
ȻûʶҪᱻֹƵģͷԼЦ˵ҸҰ˵Ļ鷳ǳȥһѽ

˪˪ܳͷƤߣϸŮȴ̩ȻûжǰĴ⣬Ҳûо⡣

ϣͿ۴׳˵ò
ʵòںܶĻϣüۻе㡣

ʱۺ˵ǴǣϾͲµԼ϶ᱻ鱳
ֱӽ֣ûл֣̿ò˵лл佱

šĵӦϵ֮С

Ͳ߳ȥֹţվǰڰŪͷɴĵŮ
ʱۣǳˡ

ʱ۷·ûֵͷɴߵǰͷЦʣְ֣Һÿ
ͣ

;Ůδ̫޿ˣ࣬ʱ۱侾ˣ໺ۡ
ʹûʱۣʱ۶ѾصĴ򷨣ʱǸܻСˣֻ䣬໼ٿ޴󺰡

˪˪ܳ棬Ķ
Ÿʱ۵Ŀ޽Ҳ˹ܳһ˪˪òýȥŵ塣
˪˪;ˣ֮ǰһ֪˼ȴҲòˡ

²ؼ߸߹̬ȣԱֻ߰ڸļСش˼·

Ӻ󣬷Ŵˡ
ʱװĵģī˧ֿᣬԼ˵ͷˡ

壿
ܳͷʱ֣־⣬֪ôˣͷֿʱۣ۱˵ʲôˣ

Ҳû˵ʲôʱ۲ס䣬䶼ָˣͦNɪ˵Ұֺ˵ˣ˵Ůܰ
ܳ

ܳһԲϾͶֵˣʱ۵ıһĽ
˼ǳ㣬ɶУĺúðءǼߣ

ʱۻ˿˵ѣ
кϣϸ磬һɱ졣

*

ǰ˻գ˻Ʊ֮أڹ֮һֱͰ֮ǻߡ
ʱþŵ㣬ǰʱ·˵ϰװӻҪһСʱ϶³ڻȥҲˣ

ָ֮Ծظʳָһµصš

ǰƼˣûһ˵ϰףİİɣ͸ʱ۵ģʱָ˻ģǲǣ
ûһĺĺˡˡ֣ǡ

ǰյ˪˪ĽϢ
̾ãȥҹʱˣûšǺܰŮˣֻҪʱۿľͺãʱôڣͶڡ

ָ֮ͣϣδá
۽ޣ۽ڲۿɼĽˡ

ʱ˵С̷򶼲չȻˡ
׶ֹ飬Ҫ鲻ɣڱ

ɻͼ֤
ھŵӣȥһСʱ϶³Ѿ

вܿķɻǰԱڼɻӳŵĺʱ۴ɴߺ̺Ļ档
ϰףǰʣ˵ΪʲôʱŪأ

֮ۡ
ǰΪʲôὫʱŪأ
ΪԱΪ޷ԼΪԼǸ쵰

ǰ̼˰֮һ·ûð֮ת⣬ˡ
Ʒ֭֭Ӧֹȣ֮һ֭

ۣ֮۽޲ϵضţڽؿʲô
֮ǰݳ֭֭Ҫ𣿻߸ӵۣ

֮͵ۣǰվŵǸǰȴȻģ
֭Ҫ𣿻߸ӵۣ
ҲƺԸǰһŮ

֮ͻȻ

һ˲䣬ǰûüƿ֭֭˰˳˰֮һ롣
ѽǰһͷȥֽҪ֮һ

Ȼȸǰֽٻʱ֮Ѿˡ

ϰףǰ
ţ̧ͷ档

֮˷ܡ




79. [] 79   3.9ꡣ

1
ȻǺųԼ, ȻȻСɣɡ
ܳƼˣǶֵ, ä¹ǻǧǮġ
ϿСƳλŮʿ, ֡

˪˪ڳľúü⳵ĿյȻǻġ
˵۱, ˪˪ʱۼΪʲôȥ
ʱȻ˵ΪѽСƳȥ֤, ر, һûôƵĳء
·˵ϣ

ʮʱۺ׼ʱſڡ
³, ʿΪʱ۴򿪳š

ʱ۱С, ͷ˻֣ȥ֤, һ
ʱǰͺ˵ˣȥ

ܳͷӦţ˪˪̧ͷΧ, ʶѰҰ֮ĳ
ʱ˳˪˪Ŀ⣬ΧһۣҲû֮ĳ

ʱЦЦû˵ʲô, ϵĸ첲̨ףִűQȥ
Ͽʱһ˷ܵģ, ԼǳҲ̲סһ䣺㲻ţ
ʱЦ˵ҲŰΪʲôҪŰ

ʱϵĸ첲ûлͷ˫Ŀֱǰ
ǣţŵӦǱˡ

ǣ֣һĲµģͬʱһ̨ףһһ߳졣
ιϺȻʱۣ֤𣿡
ʱ룬ͷܻޡ
Ҳ룬ͷУҴֽˣᡣ
ʱˣϹȻܺãǵûͦλ

ʱϵĸ첲תΪʮָۣһͬ϶һ̨ס
ߵǰ΢ЦΪʱ۴š

ʱۣ
ͻȻһ
ĺԶĺ

Ͽŵֶһ£ʱ̧Ҳסˡ
ں㣿ʡ

ʱۣ
һĺ
һɤӶˣžǿ

ʱ˵˺ҡ
ʱֻͣһ˲䣬ûлͷ

Ϻػͷ
ǰ֮

֮ڽֶܡ
Ӧǳʵת俪ߣӶ³
װˣǺ뾪֣˷ܣ˫۽ʱۡ

ϳ̫࣬Ͽһȥ˰֮·
ǹγϡ

ʱۣˣϺʱһǻȥ𡣡
ʱϵ֣۵⣬ɲͷ

ˡʱ˵
һ֣תȥڣǿӰʧڲǰ

ʱۣ
֮ʱʧڲȥˣˡ

ʱۣ
֮󺰣ûüҿֱֻǰܡ

ϰף
ǰŵˣϽס֮

ǳǰŵǺקŰ֮żϰױż׷ϣ׷ϵġ
֮͸ǰסˣͣؿţԽԽء

ܳٺܿ죬޷йȥ
ǰ֮϶ʧѪɫ˵ü϶üʱ۾ȥˣŶӣԶԣŶӵģ

ȻһҪŶأÿһ԰֮˵Ǽ尾ŵһ±һ¼١
ڴһ̧֮ͷſѾûʱ۵Ӱ

ʱۣ
ˣҪʧȥˣ֮غţʱۣСѣʱۣ

ܹԽ̨֣ף֮粽ţ־ʧ˽
ɤѾȻڴ󺰡
ҪҪ飬ܽ飬ԡ

֮Ѿģֱֱֻؿֵȴš
ѽӲٵشţͬʱ̲סԣȵ÷ʱֵĺ

֮嵽ǰЩײţѸҪ塣
ʱͻȻܹĸ͵ذס˰֮

ſң֮ȡ
⼸ȥ

ǰֱ飬ܹקˣǸʲô֣
Ӳק⼸ˣ̫Сקˡ

Щİ
ǰػͷܣ⿴һīվ̨¡
ͣ
ʹˣֹ֮ȥʱۡ

ͣʲô
ǰˣû뵽֮żˣǷſϰף

ʹīû¶κα顣
ֱֱվĮ

֮ѾȻ˲˭ֻһĵҪ塣
ȫڼ״̬ſֵͻȻһȭ߰˵ϡ

һȭһܵ˸ذס

ʱۣʱۣˣҺˣСѡ
֮ã޷ƽš

ųˡ
ʱۣ

һ˱ţûϳֻ֮У˦֣ιˣ߰ɣ߰ɡ
˵ţһˮʲôȥˡ

֮ߣͻȻ֮˴Ҫ忪ĸ˶ǣơ
Ϳĸ˲ס֮һֳ̧ȥ˰ס֮
ЩϯʱΪıǣͬ˾׳

֮壬ʱ˳ְһס첲̨ק
ʱۣҪ飡
֮ޣ˺Ŵ󺰣˫ĿǶʧȥĿ־һˣҲˣʱòã

û˿Ӧ

֮ڵϣǰۣҴǼˣŰǱİ֮
ſſ
Ǹǰʵ̫С˸첲һ˦˦ˡ

֮Ҳקڵϣţ˷غţʱۣʱ۲Ҫ飡Сѣ

ͻȻƿ
˴˳

ȫֹͣ
Ȼʱۡ
һŽ֤ķޡ

Цţǣߣµĺ󣬲ؿ
ŮŰ֮ɵ˵ǰ֮𣿡

֮ҵ˾ݣŮ󺰣УȥҸʱ۵ŮҪ顣
˺ţɤ̫ˣ˵Ļ϶Ů

ŮϸϹ֮üקţקˡ
£˵߿ߡ

ϣʧ֮ţСѣ簡ˣòã
ĺ䵽ϱûûбƿ

˪˪ܳҲ
޷Ű֮ˣۿ

ܳȰţʦˣٺɤӾͷˡ
˪˪ҲȰţˣʦ߰ɣ̫ˡ

Χ۵ҲԽԽ֮࣬ձ˸קŰ˳
Źϣȫ

ܳվڳ󣬿֮ģѾҪˣͷ˪˪˪˪㣬ǲӦðѰʦų
˪˪ǰ磬ô찡˪˪ˡ
ǰĨ˰۾˵ܴǼ𣿡

֪ܳôˣֻͣظʱ۴绰
ʱǱʼûнӵ绰
ܳ΢Ÿʱۣʱ֤ʱܲܳ˵֮ˣʱǱԾɲӦ
ܳųȥʱۣǼסҲȥ

˭Ϊֻصʱ۳֤ʱ۳

2
ܳҴһһҴ
ܳ͸ǰͬʱͷİ֮һһµغݺš

ܳǼ󺰣򿪳ŰҪˣԿأ
ûгԿףû˹

֮ȭͷ϶Ѫ˷Ҵҵھ𣬺ܿ촰ҳѺۡ
Ӧѣأ֮ڴӳ﷭˳

ܳؿ壬ȴûֹת˳
赲֮֮ȥ

ܳ˿׷ȥ
˪˪͸ǰҲܹȥ

ȻֵĲűƿǣֵһ»߳
Ž֤챾

֮˶ȻͣסܳҲȫͣס
ÿ˵ߣʱŵǸ챾ϡ

֮ʱõĽ֤Ʋߡ
죬Ƶģȫ

ʱϵִ֣߳ţ֮۾һ˲
ǰͷ紵ңϵİ̺۱紵øԣ˫۴ʱն촽ȫʧȥɫ԰ֽ
·бĺۣ϶Ѫ

ʱ۱ۣ۵׵ᣬߵǰͷʣ֮㲻𣿲𣿡
֮ش
ˣҺˡ

ǽңÿ𣿡ʱЦʡ
֮촽䶯ţ˵ʶҪץסʲô
ʲôûץס

֪ҽܺÿرϲͷɴʱӯӯЦ˵ͷɴҿһģһ
ŶʱЦţ֮ŶǱ˵ඡ

֮סȥץ֡

סʱۣûð֮סʱ۵֡
ʱ۶㵽ͻȻЦˣллϹ

̧֮ͷһ̧ͷʱۡ
ʱڶЦЦۣڽϹ

ʱ۽촩Ưİȹӣ磬ͷϱƯͷɴ
ͷɴȹƯĻȡ
Ǳ˵ˡ

С֮촽ֻһף׾ɢˡ

ʱ۴ü֮ϵѪ
϶Ѫ

ʱʣ֮ôˣʹ𣿡
֮ؿΪģϣ

ܿ죬ʱ۽ϣˡ
Ҿ㲻ʹʱ˵֪ʹ֪ʲôʹ𣿡

֮ҡҡ׹Ƶطһ֡
ʹ
ﶼʹʹҪ˷衣
ˣˣˡ

Ϲ߰ɡ
ʱϵ֣֮ļǰߡ
ֻǰδٿĹȥ

績棬һߡ

СѣҴˡ
֮߾ȫ⼸֣ʱ۵ıӰ˵

ʱûͣһ̨ס
ۡ

СѣҴˡ
֮˵ٻͷٿһۣòá

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õ֮ҡҡ׹Ҫˤ

ʱۡ
֮֡

ʱϵᣬ紵ɣͷڵˡ
֮·Ҫ¡

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ʱ۷ſϵ֣һ֮ʣ㣬ʹ𣿡

֮ںţʹÿҪʹҪϢ
ʱߵ֮ǰͷЦ

֮ⷿ⣬˵㲻Ҫҵ죬Ҳôʹġ
˵ҪʱҲôʹġ
ҴӺҪһӵܾʱҲôʹġ

ʱЦŶ԰֮˵Щһε¡
һһٵ˵֮ңʹ𣿡

֮Ѿʹÿ޷վʹòͣٴţ֪һ𣬴Ӳᵯİۣ֮˵šСѡ
Ҫȥקʱۡ
ʱ˺󣬲ֺ

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ʱҧ˵Щҧ޳
С׷ôãûϲҡ

ǡ
֮ҡͷٴҪץʱ۵֣

ʱٴ˺󣬰֮Щˤ
ϲ֮ʹʹʹü˵ϲ

ʱ۴˵㲻ϲңϲҵĻͲӦҪ㲻ϲң
Ҳˣ֮ʱ۾֤ǰΣҽˣѾˡ

ʹ𣿰֮ʱۿЦ֮ҵģܡ
ˣԶˡ
һ࣬һࡣ

ʱ۽֤ŽЦ˵Ҫ𣬲ζҪ߰ɡ
ҾͲ˵ټˣϾԶټ㡣

ۣ֮£絶һա
ÿһѪѪ졣

ʱ˵꣬ת뿪
֮ʶҪȥץûץסֻ֣ץͷɴ

ͷɴϸûסˡ

ʱȹڣһ̨ף޵᲻ͣҡ
޵ú۾˱ӣҧ촽Լ޳Ƶš
һԶ֮

۱ˣˡ
̨µĳԣͻȻһˡ

ܳ㵵ؿԴ˵Ĳϣ塣
˵ʲôʲôвˣʲô˼
ʱ۵û֤

ʱҪִ󺰡ͻȻŲ
ʱ۰Ⱦܣܵǫ̀

ϸƵ˵úԶʱֻۣƵشӶóֽ

ʱۣ֮ܵ׷ʱۣߣ
ʱ۱ܱ߿ޣͷش󺰣ң

ʱܵٿ죬Ҳûз˵İ֮ܵÿ죬֮ܿ׷סͷҪˡ
ߡ
֮ʡ

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ɳƵһૣҰ㣬СѣҰ㡭

ʱڿ޳ͷޣ˺ѷεشޡ
߿ޱߴ˵

ЦˣûƬûҲûµġӽͰֽݸܳʾܳһʱ۲ᣬԼСɣˡ

ʱһˣ˵˵

֮˵Ļ˲仳ʱۿûн£ֱʱʱȷˡ
ʧȥʹȻţͣڿ˵ţҴˣСѣҴˡ

ʱۿ޵ͷðһţԴ
˵˵
ʱۿֹйôίʹࣺ㲻ţ߰ȥ㻹Ҹʲôſң

֮ȻǸ֤ץסʱ۵İ
ʱ۴Ӱó֤˦ϣ

֤ˤϣ紵˽֤

֮ͷţعҵʱ۵ϣס
ૣСѣҵСѡ
ҵģµģʹૡ

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ˣǼԻȥ

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ǰ֮˪˪קŸǰĺӣקˡ

֪
ΪȥƵŮʱŮ˵Ļǣְ֣ţ֮һҡ

ʱõǽ֤ʲôûУǿյģǼٵġ

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һһؿ˵˵סҲҪңһҾ޸ˣ
֮촽˵ңҲҡ

3

֮ڽ϶ʱ۴󺰴кͱ׵Ƶ˷ϡ
̫֮ʱ۵Ҳ̫Ҳ˲ѵһ

ѵһʱʱۺͰ֮û뿪ſڡ
˭ûֻ֮§ʱ뿪ʱ˳

Ҳڳϣʱϳ͹˲֮ˣֻźͲĳμ档
ۣҵè
ʱ۾ϲˡ

ʱ۵ĳμ棬ͼΣŵʱ۵ζʱ۵ȡֱԴʱֺۣõĹ๾

ۣÿɰʱۿ޾ûһһģɱȣɱˣɰˡ
֮ͷһۣԲʱܣֻů

Աϵȫ
֮ѡ

ʱ֮ɤӸֽƵģҲۣͦ۵ֹɱջɡ
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֮źӾʱߣģʱЦеģţõģʱ£Ȼ˼ҡ

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