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֮󣬰ᵽլ֣סһĵǲһײȻһˡ
ʵüѣʮϥȴֻһ»ʺ׻̥ȴѲһʬĻ֮¾ԺɢģֶסһѰĸˡ
˹һɾ£ƣӣֱԼС
ʵۣҼмּҲҪ̳С
ҡ
ʵۣܲûһȥ
֣üһֹǼּҲ
һ仰飺һη´Ե
⣺ŮҪѧǿϢ
ݱǩ ж ֮
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣ  


1 
ǵĶգ̹ǣĿһƬֻһĽ̫ʦϣϱ齥̡
۵òǺŵĻǶ䣬Ų豭ȴֱͦԣվʮѾӣ͹һ˵ȣĸ
ǮŲˮ죬ҲӣΪϲǽּ䣬ȻʵţίΪ檣ί𣿡
Ǯ·ֻ֮ĵĻϲԹ޻ڡ
Թ޻ڡҲԹ޻ڵģһСſʼȫķֱ˻飬ڸΪڸˣȻޱȣǰ;ޣǼҲһ֪پйɡ
һ̣Ȼˡ
þҡ
Ǯһ̧ͷȥȴɫģԹ˭֪׸˫ѧ峵ǬΪټӢţȴиڵӣʮӣҪ㿷֮޲ãѾˣȻȴ㲻ͲݣŷɷΪ￪֦ɢҶˣˡֱԣòΣ͹˻ʱ֣Ѿջƻнʱɣ
ջƻ
һ㱣̼ǵҲĽֻʮٳ֣Ϊ飬۾ͰˣȻܿƽﲻԵ޾ɣûԡ
ԭļҪʡӣĸһͬԺֲˣͷֻ̫ҪƷ̫ۣһСľͲȿһţѪ֪Сˣǻ֮һУּ𣬼ûСӶûã֮ϳ˰ߵ㣬ηҩҲ˲ȥˡ
תȥյȾͿȻѾ꣬Ȼ׿Խķ󣬴ǵ
緢վһ֣ԼӣĸףҲֲŵĳŪ
üˣȥӲˮ
Ȼ;㲣֪˵׷ˡ
һʱ˵ӲʣŮȻǵǣһаڴţܲΪ˲İɣüǵˣĪҪǵҵ顣
ҵôĲ
ǼжŮ޵ʱ򼸺˼дļҲܷһƶϴһ·ߵλá
ĸǱʱĪеѺηʱ˻ֻҪϵͷ£ܷˣֻϧԴǵ˵ΪΪպۣͬպ˭ң
ˣŸױųʱΪĥؼ֮һֱţ֮˲һаڴϡ
ֱȥ֪꣬Ǹ׵гศɣ;һ·˳˳ˮԭǲϵͷֻΪ治˵ĸûҪͷļֵѡ
ɫʱͲÿˣ͸˵ˣʱͬ㻹Ҫº˵˵ԶԶƼվ󣬸ŹǮ㣬üίίģջ𣬵˵࣬˷أȴԹʵˣ˸̾Դˣᣬ㿷֮޲ãҲ鲻ǣ
ǾҪ룡
ǲͷڻ˵ʲô
ҵ˵Ʒأƶȴж˰ǣŰ㣬˰Ʋļױ㣬ۣԼˣҪ֪ӳֵܣ֪ʲôӣҿαӾͶģ
˲ɣ
󣬵Ȣҹŵʱ򷢹ģ˵ҪǴҲþúҲҪǻһģҼ޹֮;͸дһݺ飬Ǻþۺɢ
üʿɶֹ
Ҫ롣 ˵⻰֮ԭصģһӾͱķʮഺĸļҲϣʮ֮ȴջƻ㿷֮޲ãԭյòʩӵеģ
Ҫ
˦ֱۣȥһ㵵Ǯ㣬ߣָĸϵʰңҪȥ
ĸһ𾪣ˣ˵ʲô
Ҽǵȥɽðһׯ԰ȥס˵ֶŴѾï˵ȥ˿ⷿļ޶š
Ǽѵʱ򣬵еޣ֮󼸺ǿڵƷӣٺ;˳Ҳʼѧ⣬⼸׬˲٣ѾѴ޶ز˵ھׯӡ
ïһʱ㶣ͼĸ϶ʹɫӦһˣūˡţȴǳ鷿ȥ
յſھŮӳïվסŮίˣǲﲻ˷ˣأΪβҵŲ裿
ï޴Ѿߣһ·ҳȻ֪ʮļǰ֪Ϊ飬ʷΪڸˣʱ֪жˣǷڰͷˣ˭֪Ÿ˼죬ͻȻҪɸ檽š
ĴֻǡĪҪżȥЪţ㸸ŵ䲻ޣȴҲί㡣ĺȰ
ǮĿĽ˳ӵүȻȥˡ
ذɡ
үʹá
ʹãү㡣ǳЦţƫƫ
ïӽӲɫѿүûԷϸ˵ˣͬ¹һ㣬ŷ˳ÿսһЩ񣬾ûĻˡ
Ǯ˳ÿ·վŵïȻϵï֪ΪصĴѾߣȻ˻üǷ˽ҵģûգú˼ȫյͳ˵ô룿յ֣Ҳȥƽ⻰Ҫ㲻֪ڸģȡ֣͵һֽɡ
ïҪ˵ģһȴͻȻ˵κλǮ㽿˵ĻŨǲ˵һįӣŸղĻ;ôô
ߺïתͷȥ˿ⷿſⷿ˵һҪʣ¡
һãȻȻǺïïŭڵģҲͲ˵˼СѾ߹ֽĿʼʰ
ʰŷ֣ﲻЩοԴȴٸԼãڶȻûпԼҲҪŪһ
Ժܿ죬ʰ׵ˣһѣſϤķӣһʱ̲ס̾
ĸˣڻȥü
ϵҡͷӣó̡
ûиκˣһΣίǮ㣬ٺǮ˶ӣ⺢Ӧ£ȴǲϣ͵˵زҪ
ͬΣҲûܻȥ
ֻż󶼻˵Ǹʺľӣ㿷֮޲ãԭֳϣ˶ӻȴһֱţ˲Ҳֻ͵û
ôЦڿҿҵһ
ξƼ٣޷ϣȴͻȻͨˣǱ߱Ļţ˺룬οϻİѱȻ޾塣


2 
ǮѾȥ׼˵طҩǮ֮ǰ˿˲ҩܾ컳ϵķӣһղܶϵķãȻǽŵһգȴҲҵŻȥˡ
СѾȥ˳Ϳ˳ܣȻһԸӣûģ˶Ǽо֮ȻҪš
ʲô˲ȥɢģպܿͻˡ
СѾֻһ䣬ȴǷ˳˼֣תת飬ȻصԺĸϼôô죿
СѾѵϴǰ˵֣˴ˡ϶ֹһһ㶣Ѱ˼ģˡ ûм˵ʵǾŮӣܹܺһ鸮ԸۡЩҲûô⣬ԭˡ
֣˭ү檣û˵ΪҳߵģЦˡСѾ̲סЦ
ϵһۣ⻰˵ģˣˣ찾ҩȥҪǵ˹ҩϸƤ
СѾ߲ҵֳŰҩȥˡ
վһȴ¶һЦȥǮѣ˵Ϲ÷֮ȻҪסˣϾǵһηţ봩ĸΪƯһЩЩġ
ȱˣ˴ˡ
Ǯǲ죬ϲӲ裬ң⻹ˣǲǵ鸮£ͷŻң˼վֺȥͷβ͵ģǴ˿ǻ飬һƷĹְҪͳģֱ˴ȥҪôͬǰ̧ͷ
ɲǣû㲻֪صġ
˵檣ֲҪޣôģҴɩ֮󣬻Ҵλò̷ţĴ󸾡Ǯĵ˵
˵˵ȴƲסϲɫ¿ɾĻˣǷ˲ջƻԭͲ㣬֣϶ʧүĶ裬ү񣬳ҪԵģȡһӣѰ˻үѷȥ޷𣬵ʱ鸮˵㣬˵Ṇ̀ȴҲڵĺܡ
ĸҲ˵ġ
Ǯ㻹ǵã׾֮ǻϲȻֻһ֮ԵȴͶ˰Ľ֮ģֲԼ̵ݡ
ĸװߣӢ,ӹ ټӢţԺдΪ常㶨ҲΪá˵˵ķϲһŮӣûãΪ壬ȥ֮һҪסòǹؼ˶ӣ˵ĳӣͷ֮ա
鷿һ񣬾סֻ֮ǰǾѵĿ⣬־ûԾӿĪĻ
ͯĭһֱԵЩæǰˣ˴ȥˣǲȥѰ
ĭ걻һֱźڳɼҵǿεߵյģ˶˵㿷֮ޣ䲻󣬵ȴ֪нյĳɾ֧ͣ͵ġ
ˣ
ˣԭǷҪֵģԼǮⱾЩףֵأֻȥһ壬ҪȥĭȻҪ˵
¶ԥ֮ɫʱһСѾ˹ˣʲôʱȥţ
СѾߴһɫȼף˵ϸʮöǮĽǮ˹ʱζļʵǽһʱɫ˼֣ȥ
ˡĭ̲ס
ɨĭĿ⼫ΪĮĭϾʶԼԽˣϾ͵ͷ
СѾߺĭԭվ˰գԼ븮ʱԴ֪꣬Ϊű֮ʱ˰ɵѣһЩʳؼȥ
ǼӣСĵܼܵǳʩŻڵġ
ĭҲһģԭϵѾͷɶָףմһʰĭʵɫôѿ
˱ˡ
ʲô
ɶʼĩĶ˶ŵŮӣԳУȻЩΰѼҵҪ˵Ҫ룬¾ûˡ
⡭ĭеˡ
ɶ߷ߵ˵Ǹкڵʱ򣡡
***
ɽׯıԺȥģͷණðģΪңԶֻȥסһΣʱһϷǱߴ
ϣɽԼԺһߴһ߳ԺĺϣƤƣͷȴˮۣóԵúܣ˵ϿŹ죬ŵǲж٣һӣժϴһϴ͵ȥҲү˳һ
һһֻó棬Ȼǹģ㶼ùˣȥһЩ
˵ȻͿ洫쿪ţˡ
ɽһۣȥţͿϤϣïһĸһĴѾߣֻҪڣ˱ȻҲڡ
һ糾͵ģȻߵЩæϣҲǰ˵һǺôɨһġȿˮЪһЪֶɽ˵ͷӣȥһЩˮ÷ԡ¡
ȥɽӦһȥ˳
ҲʹʮˣǣסӶֳɵģϾ֮ǰѾ²ùһˣܿͶúˡ
ϴ裬ѣֳһȷ̾һָï˵ҵκù
ïһľķϻӹһ㣬һƽʱΣһȴǷƱȹصĶ
ˣһֱϸţĶᶪġ
ïЦЦϸҷģһ һ˵ҪĶ
˺þãһһŷҵˣһԶľֽï˾ȵⲻǴ˵𣿡
дҵġ
ǸŮӣȴһԳе֮ˣȻҪ룬ͲڣοԴǸΣǸξ̫ʵˣǵñ˵޷ʵǱһСԺĸãųȥͬˣ
ʼǽмֱһޣοҲʵˡ
ӳʼĥӦ룬Ȼ;˳ԺǲԽĸ߾ԽǰϧǺ룬ܻӰ
ɰĥҲͬģ֦ͿԱͬˡ
һڰŵһķ
ˣʲôڴġ
ֽˣЩЪŰɡ
ïΣˣūźϴ
ڴϣֽѹͷ棬ʮǰճǻ˻һۣʱǾŮҸҲˡ
żиж˵һĸΣʱҲİɣĶ˵ò˵д麯Υк룬һɣԼú
ʱ麯֮ʮְϧ˭֪ȴǳľݣǿЦ


3 
὿һҹ𽵹ңζǲ˵ʹˣڶգ״򲻶˸磬С̿࣬û˯𴲺Ҫȥ鷿дһֻ߿һ飬Żȥţȥá
ǮʮֵĶı粻˵緹ٷԤ׵ˡ
⣬Ҫȥˣ⸮ۡ뿪ͲתˣԲˣЩЦѵͲ֪źˣ
ţǮ㲻Ŀֻú
ֻǸ¾ͻȻüͷÿ˼ӣһ֪ǳ˶ӣֻǸۡӶ֪ܳǶӣţϸƹҲûжӣ漴ǮϺȵĶţǮһȻʱԵ
ʵܣó˳ͷص˸ۡ
Ǯҹʹź󣬼ʹҲҪװõ˯ţպƤͱĸ׼ŵˣһҹû˯Ҫ˵ʹĲУֻڴϺú˯һ
һʱûüӦȴȷĺ£
ǮίĲУǿˮȥҽ֮ҪҩҪȥΪź󣬼ֱ಻ԡ
ϵķֿʱһģȴҲ̫ˣҲǮ²ףЩᡣ
һʱ˾ȻҲּ϶
֮գ뿪ǹܣ˲θڣ·ҲŲʣҪ˵ӦĸҪ٣ǮһϵȥҲʮ׵ĸȴǷһͨ˴
ʧ˸ףûĸףǸŴĸģȻʮ񣬱һͨᣬҪ֪ʲô
ΪЩ飬ò̵鶼Ȼζñĺܡ
̣ʵ̲סʵⶼһˣ˻
ĭˣ˳Ű¡
һ㶣ȻСʱĸ˵һ仰ΪߣԾʱһʱȻȻһ
ĭ״ĵȰˣȥѷ˽ӻɡֵ˵һֱסɽϵıԺԶ뾩ǣϡ٣ԸǵĶɳҪһ죬ϽȥϲܳԵǻģǼѡ
һҵġ Ȼˣĭ׼ȥ
***
ס˱Ժڶ˰Ƕһ˵ԺҪ룬˲ԸͿԻص鸮
Ȼò죬Ͼû˭㣬ոߪְǰ;޵ʱģǱϾǩˣּƽʱһֱȻĸҲû飬ֻδЩǡ
ϾһŮӣȷʵЩѡ
ȴȫȻ֪ЩϲҪź󣬶ﻨȻҲù˼ԶӣԺȶԣ绹ܺϻƶɽֵֶ֭ʹĺܡ
Եĺã˯úãȵʱȥɽɢ̫Ժϣһ飬ż»ᵯһס
¾;ķ֣ԭôҲȥĻưߣȴǱõһЩɫҲýˣï۵˵ϴλؽǸо˵ˣзҪ˼ǣΪˣȥ
ҵҲһ㣬ǸеҲģ˭֣ˣȥˡ
ïһʼȻҲǾ뷨ЩʣǼı壬ֿ֮󣬹ңڣҲǱ¶ˮĻһ㣬Խ޶ĿȻǸŸˣԺˣ˲ùЩˡ
ѵЦššïıӣ˵ĺãЩˡ
󵽵ʱѾǰʱˣյԺůɫӳĵǷʯŵŮһʱЩסⲻ
ЩʲôʱæµģżнҲǸ˵еᷳ
ʲôʱҲ񾲰ݣ
ˣˣ æǰֶʯԵˣˡһϲģ
ıϣɤ˵ ˣٴҲ˲ǣûȥˡ
ӦȵͷˣҲǺͻãѾǵˣڹٳϣҲͷ˵мɫʱӦ˳˶ˡ
ţ˳ӣϾͲȥǮǱˣҲҪ棬Ͼǵĸ
֪ӹò˳ϲֱ֣׸ϲͨԲ쳤ۣȴʯɫƵĺֱ֣źɫ˿ķñƫƫǷ
Ǵ˵ĴҲǮϲģŵġ
Ǯ϶Ů˵ϲֱ֣ûȥϾᣬ븮ҲԼĹִ
ᷳϲᷢǻطҽڷйҲǿĿò׵ġ
ԭôһ㲻ʣѾȫɢ˵ͬǮûԱ߶ԱȣǮȱͱ¶ʮֳס
ɫٺãԵòããҪŸе飬θ˵
СԽԽӦԼǰʼȷʵǳζģ˥ϵԼڶԱȻ绪ïҲˣ͸Ǯź󣬽࣬Ȼϲ飬и
һΣͻȻӣۡһӾˡ
ˣǲǲСĳ˶ˣֵϲֱ֣ȴǴˡǮֱʰɣ̼ǵõһμ˵ʱҲǴһɫֱ֣ȻѰĲϣȴͬڲ࣬Ա߼Ƕȥˡ
üʵûҲͷ˵Щǳ¹֥飬ô˵ģ˵ʱ־ȣ˶ǴźҲǺϵѣֻŸµİѡ
ܼ޸˲֪жˣֻӱϾǲΣһ˼Ҫȡó޵ʯڼ͸˵ʦֻĸͬϲҪʮʮ׿ˣֻһβĻ֮ͬжʦлʱѾ˲ˣ˭֪ȥְϷǶʦСӣڿ˲ӣΪֺöʦҪȥӣֻҧ޵ׯΡ
һͭ嶼ûˣΪ˲ãѾԺֲˣûûҹȥǵĵһʱûá
ٺ»Ƕˣ
Ʒְٺ»Ƕ٣һ겻ʮ˵ʱͬ¥ĻѾǶʮмǴ
Ϻǲÿ绪˷еʱȥֱԹˣ
ˣֻ˵ЩҶҲڿҿҵģûгɣһ˵вĵطޣʮҲһ갾ģ˷绪ïȴģ˴ҿе㿷֮ޡ
˵ۿˣһʱĬޣǺ˲ͬ
Ƿһʮڿҿҵķݶϣˣһģͷһ·
˵ʲô
ǩ˺飬ԺŹ··ɡ
ֻЩĲڱӡ֤ʶ˵ĶģǸֻǵײûмʶˣϾ侲ѹסеĻ죬ҴӦ㣬Ժ檣ֻǮһˡַŻ˵ҲòТ޺ΪҲܶ޲ǡ
ò˼飬⼸ߪԽԽ䵭˵Ҳǹ¹죬ʱ
ʧȥ˲֪ϧ
ֻϧһж̫ˣѾңˣģһ뿪ͻȥˡ
ԭȰʵӵ⻰ѿĲУһӾͱˣҲƲסԼŭˡ
ȻңҵˣҵĹʵ˵һûһŮ
̬ȺǼȻ֪Щʧģͬԭ򡭡᲻аɣ˷ǲľ飿е飬Ĳˣֻźˣ˱ź򣬾źĲ̹ѣڸߪڸ֮ʱײõ֮֮ء
۶νͣҲãҲãⲻһ¶òõӡ
֪㲻ͬ⣬ƣʲôóǷдţֽŷƣʾԶ
ɫһ飿


4 
⳾ļ͸ƵֽŽУϾճǻдģʱ˻ܶҲ㡭ɫݻƣûױڣԵϵĻư߸Ϊԡ
ﻹ
ֱӲûмгдģҲһŷֽˡֺݺݵ˵ĪҪڰ׷˼ˣǸ浽ã˳츮ҵͬôӮ
ǰ·ˣǸǼУǹö£ûκηصġ
ȻС
ŲæţĸһֱҪϼǶլҸˡ
㣿
լĸڿüõסЩȻͻͬ飬Ͼֶ̡̳
ҸĲҵֱŭɶ
ȴЦҸռ޹ʱǷ˶ծծҪլˣģʱ㻹˵ԺլӾҵģôԼļҲҲҪʹ㲻ɣ ֵڹã˳츮ͬѵ͢Ĵ˶ͬɣڹٳãȻҲе˵ĵʱ˲òǣҪǲҹ̹Ҳˣ˳츮ɣȥ£²ɾ͸״ʹҲҪˮ
Ļɫ࣬û˼ȻܣѾĵİһС
ֵ飬Ժɣմ˵ĲòȨƣڳ޵λȢŹ㣬ҸԻĺɣգαҪƵƣҪ֪ҲһȴǰԶ󡣡
ŰɵӣʯϣԵЩᣬԶ鸮ǰˣĿ̬ȣֹ󷽣˳һнеơ
һ޴йҪ˵ʲôȴ޻˵ģģѾ˵ˣ侲
Σ
ڵģҲֻҧгݵ˵仰
***
˷һҶƽʱϲĲߣ飬ҵϡãصĲˮͲҶĩ
ĭһ͸սսģһ仰˵
һ·ãڻص鸮ʱȻѾ侲ȥլ·һʯ·ʮֵƽ̹ĲУ¹ϣ˵ȼš
ĭһֱ𾪵Уǲӷ˵ģôȻ
ſڣǮӭˣأֹǮҲúܲ˳ʲôĻģϣܻҪѧһѧź
Լңȥˡ
ã
ǮֻתģһʱûзӦˣǰһŮӣִղڣԺ⸮л˵㣿
ˣȢһޣǿɾͲ֪ʲôˣԵĲ˵Ȼһòɣ
̲ܷһҲˡ
ûע⵽ǮķӦŮ˶˵ģȻûҪȥںŮӵ
ȻԸҾͳȫˣֻԺǻһΪͲȥϾһҲǱ֮ˡȻ޲ǱȴǼʵ˵
Ǯع·
ˣѽǮһӾ͹µĵոսţ˾ã֪˻˷ˣԺ̧ͷˡ
˶ӣǷ꣬ѹȥģǮ㣬һӾͱˣԸԼˣǸɨǣǰúõģһŷ˾ͳˣҪ룬ڼиûһ°úãҪã˵һ˹ȥ
Ǯﱻ˶⣬ֻ˵ģðŷԼˣһһ޳
⻹һδˣһʼҲЩӦǿǮ־Ŀ⣬Ȼ˵ʹУڵ˷йķʽֿȥһ⡣
ֻǮĿĵ
***
ȥһǰ໰ʵǳǿ˵һŮûбңҲû㹻ڴ˵㿷֮޲þѾǺʺˣȻǰҲᱻصҲûкβס
ǩֵĺ飬֮ǰģ飬˴īȷ·ŵϻ
ȥ׼ī Դߺï˵ǴȻ֪Σ֪ѾԤ֪ǰΪһŮӣ˵壬ʧɷȴͬˮеĸƼһûиˡ
ïӦһľȥ˱īֽ̺ţֿʼĥ
˵µĵһʱӳܶʣһͿʼд
дͶï˵ʾȥ
ïһ㶣⡭
ȥɣ
ƯԲһ㣬ôҶ̨׿£Ͼ˵λ⣬ҪǱƼֻˣԿ
ڶϣʾԱ߾ۼ࿴ֵˣиͷҵũģĿ˰죬Աʵֵܣдɶ
ũ˰ʶ֡
ȥ㵲סǰ죬ȥС֣
ũÿиģӱƵǰ棬԰ͦͦţ飿־¶ңƷԸ߽²ż汸ɪྴ콵ҡòԲλ࣬Է˵Т޺Ϊ޷Ϊҿ֦ɢҶΪ︾аοȰ裬ȴߡ飬ԺɣԸǰƽ
ڳĲŮ̲סᣬи˼˸÷˵ȴãô޷ˣ
Ƕ˵ŮǸ¸ˣȴǸ֮ѽ
ΨǸũһ˹٣ӲҪ˲ǣƵд飬ҲΪԱˡ
һʱʾַǷǳ͢Ҳû㳡Զиһ·ߵ˸ʾԣ̲ס࿴ۡ
үҪҪСȥʲôʾ
ޡԼȥưɡ˵
ٴУȴҲҲӣһۣۼʮѰװӵõָΧ£һͲɫİЩֵİռȥڳһط
ӴһѰѻɫߵԲ쳤ۣϵ˿У׹һ̵ͨƽۣ֮ȴ͸һ˵ϡ
Ŷ̲ס֣⸾ġ˵СѾļˣֻϰԭԲ㣬ûдɡһԵ̴ʵ˭ҵķˣ
˹Ĵ˸ϵġ
һߣһ߶ӵŮӵЩǡ
үô˵
˼У˩Ҳ˽ף˲ˮ˫ŵȥ
һڲˮ漴²豭ڵĶӭϣ˵٣ȴλȨأѵõĺò飬ò󣬲ԭƶ֮ʱѡ񣬻ǿһգһλ
ӵںԺҪǲϲɼò̾ˡ
ҲںģЩ鲻˵˰ɣ
˵ǡ
ԭǵĻʵۣһǰʺ̥ȴѲһʬԭʵþʮּѣϥֻһϣ˴ĻĲУŰɥ£ʱȥɢģϲȥطɽϵıԺ
һȻٲɫΪǻʵĸТ̫ʱϲĵط
ںլıЩãò̶ãȱȫ棬ԼҲ͸Ժ󵫷ûɫҪһǰҲˡ
£ǣôһ˵ūһӾˡ
ȣƨǡ
ȺٺһЦūôġ
ã߰ɣЪʵ˵ű۾漴͹һ䣬ϧˣɱ˸ҪǸӣһˡ
ϣڵɽʵ۲ϲŪ˾֪ϲһ˾ĵģҲ΢˽þܿıԺǹ磬ӵ¡
ʱɫѾˣʵԺźɫĵڼžҹԵøͣżŮӵЦ
ǰԺﲼõĹŮǰӼݣʵǱȥ£鸮ϵļҾ졣
󣿡
λ顣ؾصĴ
һԵȵ£ѵ⸾˾ǣǲɡ


5 
ڶǮţŶûгݲݵžȥ˹ãһžͿڽʲôһֹͣˣǲá
ȥãǮ࣬һԣˣô£ǮǮĴ󲮣״Ԫɣʦ̫Ĺ˴˲ͬԼǸͬʿΪһֱֹǰٺҲ뿪ˣԼҲˣϣڶϡ
ٺΪȻԼС˲٣ٳϣȻǿٽǿ䡣ԾͰΪֺ󣬻ԼֶŮ檡
ʲô飿
ǮͰڸʾݸֵˣҵܼܵҿɾôһŮ˼зôıʣٲҪȥһ
˵ʲôζҪ˵ԹҲ̸ϣȻѾͬ˺룬Ҫ˵ȥûνͣȴϵİˣСдĸ˷θǸ棬֪ЩΪñ˴̨׵ĺûץİѱһĵǸɾƯ
ǮΪѰæҵģ;ӵԭЩΣϾʧִˣһ־ǮãԼ˸ô顣
һߣǮĸ¼ĲˣŶϱ˵˺ϺˣǼô죿УҪȥʡ
ϱУΪڲʺЩ꣬żҴҵҪţæǰסΪŲȣǰźͬʱŵˡ
Сĵ㡣
ʹЩͷĸףҪȥҪǰ֪һɣȻһ檵ģͻȻȥ̫ͻˡ
Ǯĸͣס˽Ų⻰ȻǶԵģ̵ִֻĿһۣۿˣԭҲǮ檣Ǽԭ͵ӱ˿ʮ꣬һСҪôҲΪöиɽȻ˭Ը㣿ټǸŮӣûмʶʱֻҪǮ˶ӣλþ˿Զҡ
˭֪·Ĳӣ
ǮĸǳΪⶼ˻ƫƧԴְ꿼Ϊһȣȴûпȱλ㵱˵ʲôи˾˿һѣӹȥأˮûУ㵹ԼСǸˡ
Сõ뷨ֻǾȥ̫׵ȻҸǮĸ죬æղŵĲͷ͵ʵ꣬һֱھźĸͷָأҲʮֵί
Ǯĸվ˵ۣ׼ҪȥǮĸԽ˵ԽûҪȥ޵ҿ㣬Ҳ֪öġ
Ҳҵ飬æǺȴЩģܹ黹Լĳġ
Ǯĸ鸮鸮ЩģſŵӶûУ˰ղһˣ֪Ǯں˷ţǮĸǵûйأҼүǴ˺ôҲһͬڳְ͢˵ǿͣ˵ӭ˽ȥȴ˴ĵطţʲô
ǸСˣ⻰ߵû˵ԴŽģݷǷ˵ĻҪ̽ģʽݷãǾ¸Ƿ˽ˣȻӭȥģȻҪ˵·׾ɲǸݡ
ɶĭӣߵʱûˣȻҲһͬߵģ⼸һֱѹŻأÿǮĸȻͲˡ
ǮĸĲһ˺üŻָСѾͷ檣ֲ֪ܺͷȣĪҪˣֶˣֻҲ֪ǸǷ˳Ǯĸ׽ϵܿͿŵ檵׾ȷʵǹرϾģǻģ̣ܳǮ檣Ȼֵˡ
ŲţҺҼ㻹÷˻
ɶ˱죬ȴҲֻ֪ʿɶֹϾǮҵЩĻˣȻôżȥɡ
ŵԺ⣬ĸŶӭ˳ôǰ˵һ˵ҪǮĸȥԱߵСݺȲ裬ǮĸȴǼúܣ֪֪Ƿд飿
ĸ֪ȥѾ߻֪ˡ
أǮĸһȥңĸȴһӾ͵Ǯĸǰ棬ˣ˵Ъûء
ǮĸĸľٶüⶼʲôʱЪĪǳˣ˵⻰Ҳ̲סһƿĸͳ˽ȥ
սȥͿǮױ̨ϣɫңŷۺУΪ̫żѷϣѾһķֻۣȴסĿĵϺۼ
˶һۣǮĸʲô׵ģһӾ̲ס޵㣬ǡ˭㣿
ŮѽǮѾ޷ˣ̲ס˵ǮĸĻί
˵˭֣Ǯĸҧгݵĺ
ǮһǴ˴ġ
ʲôǮĸģţ棬̸¸ǲףһᶯֵˣȻ֪Щ˹߻ᣬϱǶʲôˣֻҪ΢ҲĴŮˣûϢģ
ߣǲźˣؼȥǮĸ
ǮȴԥǮĸ㻹᲻ˣʲôԵɣҲܴ㲻ǣƴʲôˣҵĹŮڼʱһָͷ᲻öġ
ôˣô죿أд󲮸أСΪʲôϵղż˵ģǮĿ⽥
Ǽ¡ǴҲ֪ѽ
¡
˳ĬһǮЦЦֻЦݵԵϵԽԣǱҲΪ˵ԵˣƽʱŮǼõġ
Ǯ˵Ǯĸ̲סᣬĸŮſһͨ
֪ǮĸˣӲʣûȥӭԭûãºԽȻϣλҲûСӸ˵檣û޵飬Ժǰ涼̧ͷģǹҪŮٻôΪˣ
***
дڸʾϾд˶ӦķҲڸʾ״ԪɣĲû˵Ǹ˿ģͨϰȴʮֵɬѶԶдĺá
оȴĸжˣҲٳ컯ŪˣزҲûð취顣
ݣ̲ס¶ЦҲ֪ǳ׽ˣԺΪάĺɷ󣬶ȻʲôҪʱչȻˣõǰıӻڿԷſĹˡ
ï˵ȻˣҲ֮٣Ժ󻹻˵ġ˵ͣ£ˣղգ
ȻҪա
ï̲סٺٵЦǾͺãū澾·˲ա
ȴֻҿ𡣡
ȻӸλٺ»ҲˣͬҲ٣ǿٺ»Ȼǲģķ涼ֱʣ⼸ΪӪ˲ٹģȻˣȻҲͰԼ׬Ӷˡ
һߣ⿿ٺ»ȻҪٿ֧Ȼ֧š
ѵʱûи󺰹࣬һֱ֧ĻߣǮҪٻӣٲҪܡ
ïֲ֧Цū鸮Ҫˡ
Թ緹ïǮϻùʼ̵㣬ŷǮҲˣոߪһݴĶʦ˴˸ϣҪĿ½½İһѵͬ
ͺڣ֪Ҫ룬ôӣ
Ǹӣһ𣬵ҲҪ꣬Ѿˡ£Ϊ˾ǣҪլӣͰѺݵׯˣǸĶׯҲҪвǲڵˡ
ΪƷڣٺ˳ׯʮŮԺ׬ǮӣȻׯҲˡ
ˣʮһƱïԭҲ̣ΪӪǷķԼҲѧŰһѣżеĿ
Ѿӵãһ͵ӡ
ïׯӵнˣʡһʡҲܰʸƽˡ
ȴɲԴУǰǻ
ïҲһԺֵأĵһӾʱûģ˵۹Сˣ֮ӣһֱûڻϡ
ǷˣھҲׯɣ֡
ȴԺ֣ϵɣҶˣǳͷҪ֮࣬ǰǿǰյĴŵ֧ţҪ¿ʼҪ߼ҪֲԣǵЩѣ롣
ǰڱ˵ʱ˻ĺȲϣǰջ˻£ľͲüʽԻƵûôߵҪԿڱ˵Ľš
ǾؽͺݲͬǵؽΪ˿ҼһŮӶڣҸ𾩳ǳɱ͵ͣϵʱǺ֪֪˵ķˣԼׯĳ´ţܶķˣеص𸻻Ч£ռٽ׵ıȻûˡ
ɽҪʲôֵǼίʵرǺϣˬڣպһͷ˲ⶳⶳˣ֭棬ֺֽóԡ
ɽݣԼҲ¿ˮǷмʶƽԵģôôһģ;ʮֵĺóԡ
ĸСʱ˵쳣ܳԳõģһȥģԼѧ˵Ȼͣ£¶˼ɫ
ܿͱï˼ˣԺˡ
ǱԺ˶ʱסһסϾҪ˵ھסŷ㣬ԶײڣֵĹһЩȥ
ɽҵĵˣҪҪҲⶳֲǾǣҪԸõķ˶ҪԼ
ͷȥɡ
ʵ˱ԺϲٲԱߵһͤԼһ˾Ĵţһ￴顣
ŵ˹СүˡʵһҪǺΪү
ʵ۵ûôθڣȵ˵
ȺǳԴӻʺû֮󣬻ʵȻ˴ʲôģž͵ģҲûʲô취ȻղŸĲˣүλһӲˣū澸Եʱûסڣʮֵˬ·ǺϺⶼģҪ˵ɽȪˮģݣֵĲ˶Ⱦĺóԡ
ʵ֪ҲǸģ˵óԣȻҲǺϵĿּмȤˣǾͶ˹ɡ
֭Ϻϵ𣬻ⶳˬʮֵ·ʵ۱볢һģûסͳԹˡ
ȸ˵ĲˣüЦģһڻˣȻ˶ҲҪһЩȥǣ
ʵһֻúþûԵˣ˵ǡǲһ˵ıͼ͹ȥɡ
ȻϵݣֵĲ㣬˻ʵۡ
𾪣ͼȻ漣ȴǴҹ̵ָİ汾Ϊӽԭ棬󣬾Ҫ͹ȥʵۼȻ˻ҲҷֻӦһȴţѽһ̲˻һ


6 
ţԺïϣ̶˹ˣԹϡ ˵ŵһƬϹȥһԵĸϼˣ˱˵ֲ÷ƽʱïѾͷƨĵģ˵ݸϣеĹġ
һڣȻĺܡ
ïЦĸҲһƬȥ֣ҲС
ǸҵģϽӹװҳԵӣҵƨûã´Ҫ͵ɻһҪ߷ˡ
֣ïĺ
̲סЦˣˣúóԹϡȻ˵ȴǸ˵ģղһֱԺʲôӪϺïˣһЦһЦѡ
ǸӦǰϱǮ﷢ˣҲ֪ȥʲôطʹˣȻȲѾͷܸɻҲǺõطïһֱûмˣֱ֮󣬰ԼͶԾˡ
ĸĸôһŮȴǵҲûһ棬ʱڸеλãһ죬ĸȻ֪δвȴΪ
ĸï˱ī׼ĸдһ飬һμ滹ǰ뻹
һİѶϽһͬˡ
дţɽҵȥţǸİװֵӣЦеĵллҵĲˣζˣ˵˴ĴָʵԿţĺܺã׾Բʮֵºͣ˿žø
˲Ǳźʵ۳̫ȡ
ɽҵ̲סЦˣѰĲȡȻǫһﻹƲסĽֵǷָġ
ҷǳտǲˣҼүǸԹˡȲĿ޵ָϵϻӣү˵ܰ׳ҵģл
ϣʲôһʳѡɽҾϻӵ񹤾£һǹ֮
һ
ɽҵˣŷҼҷлˡ
ˡ
˿׵һȾͻȥˣɽҵϻ˽ߵԺ￴д飬ͣ£ŲҪȷʵǶھӣ
ǣ֮ǰ˹Ӻһ˹ȥ˵үϲԣ޷˲ĺãǼл񣬾һѰ
ïϻõϣȻôôɣѵ
⻰ע⣬չſּİϵëʶڵˣĺⲻİɣַϲ˲ϵİԽǿԽǼƲסϲá
ˣ漣
Ѿû˵漣ˣийֵˣҲһλ鷨ʥ֣Ϊң˵Ϊӽ漣ˣӦǹֵĸ̵İ汾СĲ鿴ָӡµλõ㿴и̰汾ǼһԼӡ¡
ˣⶫǲǺܹأ
ǹ⣬ϸ򲻵˵Сϲд֣һֱġ˵֣ЩɫΪûˣĽҲΪдóڵԭ򣬼֮æڼе񣬸ûϰպ룬пˣ͵õֱ˯ͷһ
ɽҵ֪󣬵ܹܻ˵ѰأԹԣȻء
˵⻰ǲա
õֱϲԽȥԡ£ϵķһ֡
ڶڴϳһɽҵɱһֻͯӼСףţĢ⼾û֮ǰݺõĸɰ߹Сˣɽҵ͵˸ȥ
˵ҪĻΪʵ̫ϲˣҲ᲻˻ȥȴûȵĻ񣬸ĸޣǽʯֱ΢ãҪЩǶĿᡣ
Ȼү˵ϲĲˣ׼˲͹ȥֱȥΪֹһסԺ಻һ¾ͻȥˣϾǳסطԼһҾˡ
Ⱥɽҵſģɽҵ˵ǼүǷ˵ǿټĸ̱صĺܡ
ˣⶫϲǾ޼֮Щū澵һѣһʵڡ
ɽҾܹ˵̫Ƣˣ̲סЦҲûиղŵĽţǼҷİ˵δЩվⲹͨĲòһġָһֽ˵Ҽҷġ֣˵үһ˵һúðϧ֣̿ҹү
Ҳҷ˺̨棬ʵ͹ȥʱҲΪţλ˵ķӦҲͶˡ
ʵۻӣϣϿʲôϲ٣иźɫȹŮڸ٣ʱ缱ңʱ봺յķ磬࣬ʮֵö
Ůǻʵ۵ԱߵŮ浯ġ
˵ҲݣŻ磬ԭѡźʵ۵Ůʵȴټ˵ȳҵĲˣԱŮһչŮŮ
һʼȾЩ֣Ȼ˲ϲʵ۳ң֪и÷ˣ͵ʮˡ
Ȼû߹ȥͿʵͻȻ۾˹ʲôζ㡣
Ц˵Ǹڷ͹ļ
ͣ²˹Ůһ˼֮⣬Ҳ֮ǰ׼õĲȣȻʵֻǼ
ԳԣϾǻʵڵʳҪһһȥֻô㣬û壬괽㣬δĿڸУȥĻɫףǡ֮ȥͣ
ʵȻҲ˺ͳȵļĲ֮ͬȥһ㼦ͣ˼㣬ֲ壬ֳ˼Ӽ⣬Ҳǡô񣬵ˡ
ʵƽʱԷǽƣ̲סһС
ȾͰɽҵ˵һ飬˵յĲЩϲдһ£ء
ʵ۳Եü۶º
ŮӣʯɫĽСĴ򿪾ᣬһԵ濴ۣĿЩ벻ˡ
ʵ棬ô
ūű°ūϲˣҹ۵ľû˯ãų֮ǰҪˣءɫҲ棬ƫƫ˵ĻȴʮȤһ㣬Ȼ⻰ǵĻʵ̲סݸһЦ
ȼװ棬˵үٺأ
ܹܣⶫֲģʲô
˵Цһվͱָ˵˵ֺܼף˵ģȴԼζż鶯ԼֻϧǲһЩ򣬲ͶˣֻҪϼϰɡ˵ͣ£ż˵Ҫһλˡ
ȵ⼸ղֵķзǼ飿λ˾λõλ
¶Ծɫԭλˣֲã֣ô֮
ʵʮָ˵Ҳʧȥ̬Ҳûжߣ绰ƽʱһЩ
ȿʵ۸ˣԼҲźܸˣһҲûаܽ⿪ʵ۵Ľᡣ
˵ҪûҪʲôʵʵ
һʱûӦһԵӢۺˣҪ֣ȻҪõıīֽ,ū澿үʹͱīλˡ
ʵ۵ͷ鷿ױī͹ȥɡ
⻰һҪ֪ʵõֽعĳֽֽʮְѰ˶òҲ򵽣ڳֽƷȫ¿Ҳͻʵ۲õõīȻҲټĻīƷ
ͷ̲סţģһ˻һ˲ˣһ߹޼˳ֽīʲô


7 
죬Щ⣬һɨĿȣдһʣϸϸĴǾò㣬ܱ֮ǰԺһЩ
Դӵõ¶˾ҪԺ¿๦Ѿһʱˣ˼ģ˵ī֭˾յ鷿ȥ
ïӦһСѾ߽ʰԼȥˮˮָ֣һˮ
۵ĲУαһڲˮһ㶣һƽȵïˣЩε˵ԭҶʣĲ࣬Ҫ˲Ҷʲô±ζʮһĲ裬ūҪŶã˵ʣµĵȥֻܺˡ
ïֹסۣʣеĲҶ±ζ
ȵĺóȻйأʳҲǹؼϣҲ½ϡȺ裬ŵһߣοóˣȻǷǸ󣬱˵ʮһĲҶλƽֻҪ룬¾ĴҲȵϡ
ïզۣ࣬ū澼ǵϴη˶ͻ˶һڶûȹ͸ȥˡï˵ͻȻס˿ڣѾˣȻǲǰ֡СĿ
һȻӣָïѾͷŷ˳㣬ʲô˵Ҫ˵ׯȱֵأȥʵˡ
ïһ飬ȻϲңȥֵأҲ̫˰ɣ
˶죬̲סЦ˰֣˺ˣˣȥǰˡ
ūȥƣôҶҪúÿšȻïһֱͲ϶죬ʵ˹ϵܺãϱϾʹˣȵȻҪһ̾Ͳˡ
ϼˣ̲סЦѾͷôëëģūҲȥơ˵Ҳ˷ȥ
һʱڶʱͰ۾׼СЪûһӣïҴҵܻ
ˣͻˡ
ï;²ᣬһ;һβ֪ʲôȻϣǲò˵ʵǺܺġ
Ȼſ͹ֱһϸϸĿ˰죬һԵïˣūûɣǳֽ
ͷ紺ˮ룬ûǳֽ
ïָһԵīǻī𣿡
īǻīҳġ
Ǹ˵ڹ𣿡
ï⼸ߣ⣬Ȼѧ˲٣Ҳ֪̻мּʶ
ˣⶫɲһõóֵġϲ̲ס˼ȥɽҵĹ
Ƭ֮ɽҵڻһڲˮȻլӣū͵һۣӡ
ֻǰõȴģȻйϵɽұϾСھǳˣ֪Ҳ࣬ū˵иСӣĲףǾŵϺŵӣǾΪòԣʮȴһ޳ɣûףҪ˼ҵĹ￴һȵǼֿϣϵڻǹһ
ԣ
ɲǸɫƦӣûȢޣȴһѣ⻹˵һӰԷͷƣס˰꣬ӣŲѻģֲʵ͵˯
ï۾ϴ󣬲ϵԹԣɫͶ̥ԼСﶼҶ
ϵҪλүǼӣ˸ˣٺ˵ҲˣҲǺýˡ
˵ǻˡϵǸڵүô
ɽҵ죬ҲǼˣǲò˵λүĲףϣǻô˵ü续·ӲὲǾĺÿ
סıԺİҳֻ£ֻ˵Сţ˵ЩѰõˣòĺáҲơԽ˵Խˣɽҵĵ´һʣүû
ū澼ˡɽҵ˵
һߣʵ۲֪ѾΪǸԵүֻǾԵĺһЩڻ
ȸոʵ۷ӣ׼£⻰̲סεöɲҪɾͲȹ
˵ڶգڹȻһ±ζɽҵζԼˮ˵Ǽҷһ֣Ǽҷ±ζмţźƬⶹɡ
ȺܸˣŻʵܺúóԷˣҾͲˣ
˵һ׻ɽҵ̲סʵܹܣǶסüˣôûǼҷˣ
Ȳ죬û뵽ɽҵĻ룬Ҳûʲô˵ģүһˡ
λү


8 
ɽԭЩЩʣǼûʲôٵӣ㳣ģȽϺãҲ֪ģֵðүϵģʵ̫أǷ˲֪λū
Żʵ۳üˣҲûģҪƽҲʵõĶ˵ϵĵҲûǡ ˭Ҫȥʻʵ۵ģɽҵҲʶȤûʡ
ֿһɽҵ˵±ζŶԼҵģǶǰշ˽˴ӾģŲ٣˽ǵϣǷƽʱ᲻óԵ裬߹ްƣĻãþ͸ϸӣܷã뾮ˮҲ̫ȣžˮ䣬һҹȫζ
ż;ʮַģҪ˵ˣǻʵ۵ûпˣҲ֪ͼ֮ˡ
ȻҲЩöá
ɽҵļȻϲϲˣҲǸˣȻǷ˲˼ϾҲѰĳʳǼү͵ģֱ΢
Żص˼УնĵλүȻλүɻеūǲϵģش˵ǡ
һԵïҲû˵λүѽ
ïֻܹ˵ģȴ˵λү˵ʲô˵Щ˵û鷸ƣʲô˵ģȻΪүҲͲԸ˵ˡ
ͷλү仹ǣòֻ¾Ѿȷˡ
⻰ԺĪҪڴˣھӣ̧ͷͷģһܹǲõġ
ˣ˵ǡ
һʼֻǺ棬ѾȷˣҲͲȥ˵ˡ
һߣʵ۲֪ӻλԵүȷˣµĲȹ̲סʵʲô
ո±ζȷ˰ϣйŮæ ʢڵ֮ǰѾȹˣ߹װţ¶ܱãóʱպȵģ졣
ȰչԳ˼ڣ漴̲סū澳ԹҶ±ζӲҶΪʲôһھ֪ˣǼҪķʣҲǲٺģŷ壬֭ЩᣬĲҶȥ廹ζҪǷҶζ嵭ǰŨòҶζŹǵ㡣
ʵۼ˵ϸ£˵˵Ĳ裬쿪ʼ׼ѾǷһҹˣ̲ס˵ҲʮֳˡԳԺҲ˿ӣ˵ģζһɵĲҶ㣬ȴûиǹŵ㡣
ȥԱˣóԵɣȫ͸±ϣԼζŹǵ㣬̲סŷ¿ӡ
Ȼ죬ˣڳ֡ʵ˿ڣ²豭һӭϣ˵ŷĳӲǶģȴ֪Ϊ³ĶйоصĲˣ
ҲĺܺóԣʵϲҪּ빬ȥԺͿճԵˣֲҲǺˣһûȥۣҲƽˡ
ʵȴһҵŮӣӦñڹ
ȻͲҽӻˣʵ۲ϲܾԹȻҲһֱûá
ղ˵ǼûҶˣʵȻʮִ󷽣ѴĲҵѡ˼ֱһЩȥ
ȾȥĺöҪˡ
ֻһȴβˣԼȣʱҲǾΪԾܹİװֵģЦ׺ͣû˵ͽʮֵĺøŴ󻧵Ȼ֪ԽֿźƵģʵԽǲ¶ɽˮĳǸˡ
̸ּܹ¾ֹʮöǺߣ˿ɲ򵥡
˵ԽĿСˣʵǽϲ˴С֣һֱҪһ˵˻ĻֻǼҾȣҲûʲôöҲջпɣүֻҪһվͲⷹʳָŸĲҶĶȴ̫ˣʵܲ𣬾֮Ѱܹܴлүֻ˵죬ȴղá
ȼ˵ĳϿң֪ĻȴЩϲڹǼ˲ˣ̰ͺһޣ˵ǣĿ
Ȼȥʵһ˵ʵ£漴ѵ¶һЦƺ棬Ǯѽλ˵ǵѵüᶨ
֮ȻҲͶˣȴسŵһղϵ˲ȹһ۾͹˶ʮ죬ʵ۳Եĺã˯㣬ʱȴɫϵҲɢ˲٣ȿȻǻϲġ
ֻϾ͵˴󳯻ӣԴTaiټڸ֮鶼ҪʵΪˣÿһεĴ󳯻ʵȴһҪȱϯá
Ҫǰȵ뷨޲þּȥʵ۰ʳ֮ǰѾʹһΣʵ۲ϲҲͲˡ
ǳʵۻȥ֮ǲԸ˸ô죿
ȴʮֵɽҵһ̳Ӱ˱һïһɫСףĿ峺֣ص˵Ƿ˱ֻͣԹűϾŮб𡭡ҪӣǷŮԲλ࣬ү۾
֪үҪߣǷҹΪͣ˾ЩӲֻҪ΢һ¾ͿԻˡï
ˣŰɡʵѵ˵
ï⻹ǵһμʵֻۣθߴȻѰֲŭ֪о;η


9 
ïȥʱڷдʲôͷҲ̧ʵˣ⽴ԼҳԵģȻ混ǰһΣȻͲɴ̫ãȣҲ͸߰յӣܷڱҲԸʮա
˷ģū澶ˡ
ȻǷġȻ˵࣬һֱû̧ͷĵļдţһҲïȥЩ죬ſïʵ£
ï£ˣλүôŲ̫һ
һֱûλүϾŮб𣬶һŮȻǸҪСģλүҲǲ̫ԸˣïɽҵȥΣҲû⻹ǵһμ
ôһ
˵ǻӣԣǸɫƦӲǣ
صĿһڱ˵ʣïȴûпİʾҲǱﲻסˣˣū澾˵һΣλүѽǵǰȥ˴˼ʱԶԶĿ˴ˣ;ù˴ȻЦţȴū澽ŵĻ˵˵ɣүλ˴˻Ҫʢ
λ˴ǻʵ۵ʦٳְȴиְ̫ڳ㣬ǰλ˴˵£ŵڸƽơ
û뵽ïȻλү
˲ˮ˵һԵï㻹̫ᣬûмˣ֪Щ˶ôĵòȻǲΪλүŮ˾ˮأ
ïһӾͱҭסˣôġ
ϰں˲ˮַϸոкõϣǻӿˣλүôҲʲô˼ңǿ̫ңڻ׹ҲͷһŵģԼĽǴ˼Ҳǹţλκɣ
ïǾòģĲ񣬶̫Ҳÿˣģï˵⻰̲סһ죬ȻǾԼһû˵Ĺôвʡ
ױ˺ģү׳ʲôģȻΧεĿޣ
ʵòͺܳڣͬһ쵱ҲǽǰһˣïߣȻã۽Ҳˣ˵ĺá뿴λүˡ
λүѾȥˣҲ֪´ڼʲôʱˣ
ĪҪ˵ˡܿ˼
ïô˵úܶԣ֪֪治֪ģôҲǹĹӣǺɫҲֱͬ˺һԡ
ˣдʲôǲףïղžͿһֱдʲô
ͣ˱ʣǲףſһʳ
ʳⲻʰɣ
ïͲͬ˵Ȼò̫׵
Щ˺ܾãׯû취ˣǻʲôأ˼ȥǸλүСͶ츳ˣΪʲôͲʳ
֮ǰǶ˵ķ˺óԣѵǺҵģ
Ȼǣֻǡ
֪ǵĹǣ̷Ҳŵȣʳӵȵģᱻᣬϲ飬ǸõĺŮˣزʲôɾµģ
ӣͲˣװһͿֱӿʳ̣òҵطׯһЩѼ׼һЩʳģͲҪȫһٶáȻˣֻǻв׵ĵطЩˣ˵Ǻóԣȴ˶óѰȣҪһڱĵطԲġ
Ϻïһۣ֪סˣǷ¶˾ͺѻͷ
***
ʵʻ˰ʱѾ˯һȴҲȽźЩ֣ʵܹأ
С̫үܹںء
棿ƽʱɶǲźҵģԼ˶˲£˳ͷĻģˣ
С̫µܹܱ̳Ӱ˱˭
ʵǸ棬һӾûסЦС̫ȵСͽܣȻȵģʵЦˣһҲԵĶ࣬û֮ǰĽţܹ˵үûʲôθڣعָ֮·أǼִֽŵģǸˣҪԱŲܰġ
һ·ҪüʱҪһֱţɲһɵ飬ʵ֪ǲò˵ͦõģôһ꣬ҪʵǲԸعȥÿλصǵطȥĻʺ͸лû͵ĺӣºˣһӶ嵭ˡ
ص˹ﶼǻһ㣬һӾ֮ǰʵ۲ڣֳ̫𣬲£ΪûлʺƷߵĵĸݴ˾˭ʲô˼Ҳʲô
ʵȥ̫밲ȥĹ￴ʵ֮ǰֻȻĿء
첻㣬꿿ҩţˣһСʵϸϸĺһʾͿʼ
̫ҽëǸĺӣ첻㣬ֻţСŮڴϣʵۼǵ־þɥԼΪ֮𣬵ЩҲ޲ߣҲͲԸˣ˼ͳ˵Ĺ
æһͨҲǵŵʮ֣ŷһӵʳʵȴȤȱȱЩˣǲҲ֪ʲôζʮˣû䡭ЩֻȣϾжʮ˭뱣סԼķ룬ðճͷȥ£Ⱥ֪͵İ˱ʢһ׷ȷϣǸСѾͷ˵ôԵģֱӰ跹ԡֵū֮ǰԳԹˣüһһӽһ뷹
ʵžЩ⶯ˣһڣǺ콷͵ζȻĢζ񶡵࡭滹кʺͶɡ
ԽԽԽԽͷųͷһ뷹Ѿûˡ
ʵ۲˲ͷϵĺ飬ֻóԵʮֵʹ죬֮ǰҲһɨա


10 
ùţһʳĲˮʵȥϴһ˳ڣȥ鷿ȥ˶ʮ죬ѻ˲ٵ£
ڸ󳼶һȻ֪ʵۻˣһֱڵš
ƽʱλڸ˶ȥԵĹãʱھһù񣬰Ҫһ飬׸ᣬȻ·ȥ
˵ڸ󣬼ʹʵ۲ڹȻеõ
һڸפң󲿷ְֶλΣٵʱҲУֻλ߹ƽհҵʵ۵ǻ֮ҲʮֵףڸڸҲԽиɾǴ߸ˡ
һλڸȻǰΪֵǷҲС̫־ƾ٣һߪ˻飬̤ڸ
ȻҲټ˲ţĲȻ״ԪˣںԺ˶꣬ڼԼǮģȵ۵Ҫ飬һЩ֮·ŵ˺ݸΪ̶ͷ۵а˲˵ǷķˮǼ֮ʱȴֻˮ
Ϊ׿Խ꿼֮ߪΪ֪ڼְˣǼ굫дֻ˶׬úݸĸ˰һΪݸİճƵǱߵҲãҲźܴ
ǡûˣԭǰɷȱֻ˵ãǡʱĸײʣҪؼТ꣬Ϊǡ
£һΪڵľˣ֮ĹȻû˵û۵㣬ʮֵƯ״Ԫɳݾ޿ޣҺ̨Ӳʵ˹־£෽ߣڵõĹְ
ڸ֮󣬵һʥʮֵļһֱź飬Ԩѧʿװ־ЯһϵģȰʺ񣬴ҵҲʮֵ˲š
л״ˡм˵ֻȻܽţקק۵ЩʱճԵĲãֻ߼е鲻˳ǮŸۡȴǳʱҪ©ոߪǿµ飬صۡźúЪһоЩ£ٲҪѵǮ
ǮֻޣȻòá
ͶǮ὿ţĺÿʲôãլС鶼á
Щ£Ȼ̫೪ʵۼݵ
һ˸æ䣬վţȻӭ˹ȥֻΪղ£һȣ㱻Լ۽Ǹ⵹
׸Ȼƾ󣬵½ѣ·ŵķʲֱ֤¸ڸѡضƾٵģͬ⣬ʵͰ٣־һǲ͵ģһۣһԵ˼Ͼ͵ˣ檣˵ʣҲ֪ɫͷһѵͿӿɾͲˣƣ·߲ˡ
ð𣬾öǮ϶˹İҲ֪ôģйζʣָϵüȻûţæŹõ飬пպúóԷֲݲݶԸһæڣΪȻʵۻûĶĲˣŲȻͲˣȴǱⷬЦһ
Ҫ˵ȴϤۣһӣ˶¡
ʵԵúƽϵ֮ɢȥ˲٣ȻɢɢĻǲģڷ
ƽʵ۰˰֣λϣָһԵλɡ
һʱ˷׷װΣࡣ
ʵ˲ˮһЩеĹ񣬵Ÿһ䣬ָ£ߪˡ
ܰΣЩ˶һɺͺġ
һʱ˵ĿⶼͣϣʵȻǼģϾ״ԪﻹյģʱĲȻһò˳µĳ״Ԫɡ
ֻǵѾ˲ˣû뵽Ϊӡ̵ģֻΪһˡ
Ȼ˳ǰ㣬ɫܲãЩڲ˵Ҳûǰ䣬һӹò˳ġ
漴뵽ĳպµĹŮӣȴһںլӹΣҲ֪
£΢ʥ
󼤶ĹڵϱģĲɣ˵ֿڳЩ˼˵ĸɾͳϣڼǱõģڳЩǶȥˡ
ҪʵҪԷڹһϾڸҪ֮ˡҪ˵ʣǻͻڣʵʶǰΪ뷨ȥЩ뷨ˡ
ʵ۱鵭ģֻɡ
һʱЩ㶣ڳȴ˼û˵ϾҲǼ˺ܿ¶Ǹжµı飬л¡
֪֮ǲ⻹⣬ܵ˻ʵ۶䵭ǰգȴΪǮϣûܺúլŶᰲţ㣬ûбֳɫ
ҹƣӻص˼УǮСĶϴźȴͻȻ߷ӡ
֮ھŮ˱ʹ޵ĵİ
ĭǮĸĬĬĿֲҽȥżְĿģװûһ㿴˱𴦣ͷȴţǰûŮ˵ģԴӷߺ󣬴˾Ϳʼ㡭̾һܾú滹Ҫ¡
ҪǷ˻ڣڴˣ


11 
СѾ϶˲ˮյſھͿŵӳʹɫĽŲǳʲô£ֻǺܿϹүĺҪˣ׼үֱүѵˡ
ûгŬŬ죬˵ȥȥ꼰ˣƺϰΪˣİ̷һԵȳϣͶҳһݸӣЦеĽˣ˸Ժǣһ˵ģ
ڣƸڵϴ˺üţƯҲбĺɫӡǣȻϹүû飬Ƹί˼ҹƲңҪ˻飬ʲô취
ԭƸĻһαˡ
ϹүĲ㱳ȥӣһһڣҲ֪ôˣ鲻УۣаɣҲ𣬺ôǰ漸еĿнʿˣеĲ˾Ѿ˾ְҲǲһ
˭֪εĽǣƸմǲݣ¥Ļ»¸洵֮ϽؼֺմȾ
ϹүԽԽߣһ˹ȥƸæסϹүȣٴ򣬾ûˣ
ĶҪã
ôûãôʱ̧׵˶һǡϣôĸˡ
Ӻ϶һۣ¶εɫ
Ϲүߺ˽ȥƸڵϣ׵ģ߷߶ϵĵѾͷƽʱҲұҲ˵æ
ūһѾܰʲôѽϲΪȥƸƸ˳ȥ
˵ү˻ڸϣһͳ빬ȥˡ
빬ȥˣƸһ㶣漴ҲҪ빬ȥùùƣҵ˶ݵġ
Ƹ˵ĹùȻ̫ƸСĺã۵ģʵȻأΪȤԱ£ԸõƸȻó裬̫ϲֶӡ
***
һϼɢȥ̫Ǹæ˵ƣΡĹٿȻֵ֮Уưϣ˾η
ʵ۴鷿ڸ󳼵Ĺݣ죬Żĳ䱦ľڣͦζ忡ʵü棬˿Уȴ˼ִɼ
鷿Żʵסȥ
һ·ֻõ̫ΪʹԴǳĺĽŲʮֵİѹ֡
ţ쵽ſڵʱͻȻ俴ǰһˣʵ۵ǲǰʲôʱصľǣ
빬˵ƸȻǸûйְȴΪù̫󣬱ǻʵۣ͵һ빬ӣ롣
˹ſڣӣЩ֪Сӣ˭Ҳҵ󣬼˵ͷС
СŮԭƸȥ̫Ҳ֪ôƸ;ͻȻ͸⣬Ըȥˣ֪ʵ鷿ߣҪݼ
ʵһĴ󳯻ᣬ˳鷿ʹ£鷱ӣļ糣ĺ֣ҪãǱȴָɺ׻Ҫḳ˰˵ɸղȥ鿴ԭίſ˺ǰɱŵİҪаҪίˮȥ˷ˣ͢ˮ漰ˮϣȥײŰѴȴ׵ЪʱȻû˵ŻʵۿƸȴ̲סЦ
ԭƸʮְһ㣬һ˿ۣϵ֬ͷڣһɹӵģԭƯ촽߱ǣһ˫۹ɵģǽ˾̾Ӳǣ۽ȴи˺ۣʮֵĿЦ
£ȾȰ
ʵ۵ֱˣ
ƸɥҶǲģȭߵģǻĴѽ
ֱˣʵȻ˵
ƸһӾ˵ˣȻǾúܶԴϺۼģ˭Ըѹ޹ҵƫƫַҪҸŵԵģǹõ²ż汸ҪܸɣԹܵסңɣ͸˵ҵĹŮʼܻ֪ҵ¶˵Ҫ룬˵ĸʲôƵġ˰Ѷ˻ˣ˵ǼŮͶ˻¡
ʵ죬ƸһͬУ£һһúöԸǺܻСҪá
Ҫ޸ָһŻˣҲǸ¶
һ·˵Żܿ͵˻ʵ۾޵ʵȥڻ˳Ȼݻ£Ҳʮֺأĳ̲סһ
õŵʱ䣬ƸٲҪһٷµҿˣòһŷֵĲԣǸ˿ǸͷĢᣬҰԵġ
˿ϺʣͷĢͲ˵ˣᣬǺʣڷʵ۵˻ҳԷʲô¶ûУүǴˡȻô˵ǵ鷿˲Ƹˡ
ҪԲˣٲҪļ䣬οƸԻãвסûͣ
⼸ͳҳʹûǵÿֻһ˵һϲȥ¥һٶһĹӣ˲
㻹֪ˣʵĿһƸ
ƸĵͷʱƽʱϲȵĲˮȲȥˣ£Ҹ˵ʵɣǸƷֶû
ʵ۲죬ʲô
֪ƽʱϲӣ˵ƷﳪĺãʱҾȥȥӣ˭֪ƷͻȻεһҿޣ˵ʲôԼûˣҳǮͬ⣿вֿͨ޿˵ԼҵǸˣСӶ쵰֪ģ˵ҴСͲ̣Сʱ򻹸Ҵţ˵ǣûЦңʱҲ֪ΪʲôƷֿ޵֪ҿŮ˿ޣŲǼٵľͬˡ
ʵȻܳԾ˶ֵķзģȻ׵ĹϵƸ̵ĳ̶ȣǸ뿴ܻģɣ
ƸŮ˿޵ģСֵơ
ֳһҲˣʵƷǺùһֱղҾ͸ɴ˳˵ҪͶຼľ˾ˣͽ˸ȥˡƸ
Ǹ檣
ԩ£֪Ըҵź˶Ѯӣȵ͵ģҵҲҪͷںլ˵ó裬ûҵұڼȥ԰ɢһڿޣŮ˿ˡ˵취ȥʮѾʮˣȴһڹҵʱ밲ο
ױûʵʵ
ˣҵģҴֲѽƸĺ
Ͳ˵ˣñ˴סˣǱȥ͵Сĸ׿ˣϢһӾǵصĴˡ
ʵۼֱЦãĸ;˾˲֪
˵ѽᵽƸίޣѹţ˵ʲôһҪҵʲôġ£ҪȾѽ
ʵΣôڲ˵֮ǰʲôȥˣ
Ҿе㶪ˡƸͷ͵͵ģֻһΣʵ̲ˣ㿴ˣҵҲ̫ˡ
ǡҸʹүŰɡ
Ƹ˵Ŀ⼸ɽˮģ֪ĶڣҲǼʶˣƽʱϲƷʳҲġ
þûŷĲˣסζƸ²ĳһԼˣܿҡͷȥԱĲˣвˣйŮйԽԽЩɺ£ôζࡣ
ҲǲóԣǺƸ䵱ζЩġ
ȵ£ū澸ɡ
ʵɫźͻһЩ˵ͷһԵƸǺ棬Ҳ˵žͿʼȻԵĲģܴӻʵ۵ı鿴Եĺ㣬ƸԽˡ
Ƹ룬Ҳһףֻζ棬ͷ裬ζĲС
óԣƸſʼͷ˾ĵģų꣬ƸδĶȵٸһ㡣
ȿʣİ˱ЩԸ⣬ƸҪҲܲʢһףֶһ룬ȻС
Ƹ


12 
̫һɫӣϴһľķ飬˵Ŀߡ
СҲųĲǣ⺢ĳãТ˳ƫƫ¾Ͳ˳֮ǰͬ˵ģһת۾˵ˡϴҵĳӶˣȴ¶û
𼱣жľġ
ǲˣȻž˵ò֬һļһ˫˵ż棬ʱΪ鲻˳ȴƫƫܵġ
̫ڿԼӷڴױ̨ϵͭӳ˰һˣԭͬˣֻ꣬ҲǾǵ飬ȴǲһƵġ
빬˻ʺһ·С·˴ٲЩ궼û˯þɩӡȴǼ޸ϲˣЩ˳˳ˮġ
̫𵱳ĸײϲϱóŲ˭֪׼Ҳ˲ĸû취ֻͬˡ
Ȼͬĸǰ㣬˵һټˣԼԺ鶼ãĸ׾಻ƫƫƽʱѱĸ磬ͱ£ϽŬ
ĸҲǸͨ͸ģ֪ϵ鲻ȫôԹס磬ŸϽߴ˶ӣѳȢóϱ԰
ɩҲһ̥Ƕӣ˴ӣĸ׸˵ĸʲôƵġ
ǰӣŮƼˣƫƫȴˣüϸ£СƯĸСŮƵģҲֹ̫ÿοʱƵûж໰ĻʵۣٿԸѣҪƤƸȻͶֶˡ
ԭŸƸͻ飬ȴǲϣ˵ǿŤĹϲԼӹ˳죬Ϊ˵Ļ¶һ
˲˲ᣬЦˡһ׻ϥϴʱƼݷ棬ذӲϥܲסȥ֮һԻϥõëҲģҲŮ컹ܼˡ
⻤ϥֹܼˣ˵Ůǳĺãϸ£мƯ廨֪̫ϲɫȴΪܴϺɫΪ˲Ե̫ͻɫ߼˺ɫߣɫʮֵƯȳȴַǳۡ
̫ղŻЩĲͷȴǸпǧ˾ϸ΢չ˵㣬ĸߺҲɩϵõֹػ
Һϲ̫ĵĿ޵
˸˵ĲУЦӣ̫ƸҲ̲ס¶Ц˵ϲͺãǵÿˣٸõġ
˵һлƵ˻ʵ۵ĻϣûٸѡʺȥҲǸ¶
»ʺȥһ꣬˵²Ը⣬Ҳûӡ
ʵõƸ£˵ͨ˵žȻͬ˵Ƹ飬⺢ӾȻ˵ûǸ¥Ĺ˵ѵģҲѧˣ
̫ûиͣƸȴԼĪǿܵġ
***
ÿҪ֣ˣòľд˲˵׼ʳãȻøλүȴȻæµ
æµǳʵģÿУú֮ӲζģΪԼ
һ죬һ«ʣܲΪȥζ˻ƣĻһ磬Ϊ«ʣ«еζȻ壬ŴˬʳļֱǾ䡣
ϵʱĸϣѾïɽҵĶԳԣĸϵĴӺ˳Ҳĸףׯӣ⻹ġ
һһС룬Ӳ˳ʹӶڽԣһʱҳԵľĵģ춼û˵
û˿ֻʵζΣ
óԡ
㣡
˳ĴӵˣһҲͳһ⣬ÿҸܵܶԵľ⣬ʱûãγ˷Ĳãʲôĺóԡ˳Ĵʹƨֿһ䣬ˣһٳһ𣿡
ӣأ˳
̲סЦҲЦһʱվͱøҡ
ģãҧһڵͻһ㣬ζ
һïЦĵ˵ĺãٸһ롣
˳СӼˣҲҪһ룡
ïѧһѧ磬Ҫ˵һǣ
˳СûϴƵ˺һɫͨĵǺóѽۡĿ
ް˱˳Сӣ˵أ԰ɡ
һʱȻĳۿҪˣȻ洫һʲô
˭
һɽһݵ˽һ°ɫĺֱ֣žµڣݰ׵ģһļΪƯֻЩǱϣ϶մЩͲм
ɽˣСĻǸأһ룬˭ſǽϵʵɽΪĵͽӣǿλӹĴͱȷ˻ҪµƯ;Ҳ̫һ㣬Ҳû˵ˡ
һ죬ðˣҵ˵ͣ£ЩĿİͰ͵ĵ塣
ԭүʧˡ
ʵð߶ˡλ幫ӺܿҲǳºͣԽԽ³򣬹ȻԺСסŵζûбϲãǺóԣζȾЩ̲ס˲Ҫ


13 
ֱӵ⣬Ϊ죬Ǹʲô˼ңһȵңʲôζûԹȻһˮǽ֮ǰߵүүֵҲǺóû˭ˡ
үïǰһ໨ɡ
һïͶ̹Ư໨װð⣬һ⣬һڵĲˮϾǸˣдϾҪӣͰԺʯϡ
үţ̵ĳһڣ۾һ޵ǷģӦµСᣬۣ«һʱ룬ʱˣȫ«ʣˬá
в죬֮ǰЩ٣ϾһİͻȻУ⻰ȴȫȻˡ
ˣǲǼ˻ƣ
ĵͷ֮ǰˣïֻ˵óԣȴûүһ㣬˵һʵҪ
ѽƿڸᣬۣˣҪǻƣͻᱻζ嵭ĿڸС
ү˵ͷͷǵһԵïһ㶵ģ˳ĴҸ˵һ仰ͼһ룬ү˵ܼ࣬Ӽ룿
۶дôģ⻰һʱҾ̲סЦ
˳ĪҪ˵ү
үȴǸƢģ£˵ʵҾ䷹ġ
⻰˵Ļʱ˶ֺø
˳ֹͣʮֵţƽնǲһ۵үȴƽ׽ˣٶһӾڳ˵ġ
˿ˣȻܼԺˣϴŶӣȥ˺լԺֻʣïɽү
ү˿ӣδĻζ£л˿ֻ⻨ƿ²˲İɣ
ǳûˣȻ֪ĸоǣҲ˵ĻƺãֻǾƱģ򵽣ģ۸ҲʮְΪϣʵò𡣡
кѵģ˷˵Ŀͷһ̳˻ơ
үˣֻ⻨ƾͲҪˣһѣҪʲôлеǾƷ֪ǧ٣ѾܸƷˡ
ЩΪ˿ʳ̣ڲ˵˹ֻʲô˶˵óԣͷۡ
үȻ仰ȴÿһ˵˵ϣĵĺͶ
˺ܿͳүʶ㣬˵صζͷͷǵȻڳ֣Ͼլˣʶޣͺϲү˵Щ
үȥʱ򣬲㷹֮ǰֽˣ֮ǰүǰոߣ˵ҲġҾͲӦǸϵү
үͻȻˮǺҵĿ
үߺï̲סԹԣô£Ǹүľټ忡ʣүҲ˲ˣƯ·һġֵȻ죬ǰүĲףôһԱȣͷҲˡ
ï˵ȥһȴӣһֻҪ˲ͺãʵҲһʱп
һˣҲ֪ǣòڡ
һԲϵıԺܻлġ
֮үʱ䷹һ̸͸Сʱǹ⿵ķʽ˶ĸоദʮǢ
һֹȥ˰£ת˵үƷԲ£޸ĸĲˣȴһζˣүǾǼľ¥һԴľǽһֵһζ㣬и¥Ǵ㡭ҿʳҲҪиΪɫĲȲǣᵽͻҿҾ¥
ү¸ԲȵģԲ˲٣֮ǰЩƫݣ΢һЩԽƯˡ
û⣬Ļ˵˼ǣ
˳ĬȻ飬һͻȻүǰԹһ⣬ζͬһ㡣
ʲô⣿
С⣬ȻõбƬǵõģƬΧڹԱߣкõƬУҲͷŽȥ⹦ˣ̳պԣζү˵žͲˮˡ
ֱԱԣ
ɲǣǺóԡ
Щ⣬ЩǼʶү޵ģʳң˵óԣȻģЩԾԾԵܳԵ𣿡
ҳԵģҲǾ¥ҪȥһʣȵϢ
Ǿˣ
***
ʵæ˰£ǰѶѻ鴦߰˰ˣһⷹҲӦԵȴԽˡ
̫Ȼǣ˺ʣȻҸ̫˵Ϊİ˱ˣֻ˵ʵûθڣ̫Ҳ֪ʵ۵Ҫѡ빬»Σ
Ȼͬ۱£áȴţ¹λڣ˹йأĻǰйоصģֻҪһղǸܹܣͲиı䡣
ܹ̫ˣȻ˵
Żȥʵţ˼ھͷ˿ӣ˰˳ȥȼĲУվ͵͵һΣҪһЩϴߵʱ񿴵ƽˣҲԴһЩ
ʵۿһۣص޵ڣϴ֮׼˯ˣ˯ǰͻȻʵС⼸ôû빬
ȵϴ빬ʱ˵ȥԺˡ˵ͻȻͣ£Ǻ˰ɣǵϴγİ˱ֱ޲ڣһֱģû취ڻʵ۵׿£ǸǼġ
ϸոպ룬үûгɹ׵ġͣ££ū澵ǵıģү̫û·ȻҲŪز
˵ʵûʲôӦŻԼˣʵ۶ƸͲģͷӣڰϵĹƣŵ˳ȥ
յſڣͻȻ洫ʵ۵⹬ˣʰ£ȥԺסһӰɡ
ȡ


14 
̫֪ʵҪȥɢģҲûֻĪҪߵ̫ԶɽıԺʯԭ԰бԳͶͦãĽиʲô飬Ҳüʱֿʼ̻ʵ۵ĳסŴҪʱšǵǸǲǾҪˣ
ǡ
̫ȥ깬˼ˣŶþǰһ̣γȥŰɡ
ʵ۵ĸʵû顣
̫ʱ˵ˣԪʺͻʵޣŮȴزۣʺ̫ˣûȥˣȢ˾˵ĽҹǺһУ˭֪ȴѲһʬ
ʵһֱû̫߳ҲҲƣ㡣
ʵ۵Тˡ
̫Ϊ𣬴ؾڰҲʮֵļª̬ҲǲģΨ仰˱飬ҶΪĲ쾭壿οһ֮ݹأΪ̫ҲҪúõķ㡣
ʵҪ˵ʲôȴʵǲ̸ֻء
Żʵߺ˽ղŴ̫ȥ˻ʵۣͿɼĵλ̫Ϊ֮ˡ
ֵ»ǲһ·϶ūҪúź̫
̫ҶҲ֪ͺҰɡ
ū澿ɲ˵ѣġָæ͵˵̫࣬ȻΪܳԻȣѣȴܶˣһҪȣ˵ϾתˣȥԵļƤë磬ůᱡ
̫ôҸǰ˵Ȼ˵ȴǴɫ
һĸһ˵һعأʹ۰ҲżӲǿÿζҪ㵱Ͳ
ʱ䵽˰ɣ̫ͻȻ
ɫһݣūȥùƷ
һ̫طֶŹƷһǰһСãйŮţҶ֪̫ʱǲ˽ġ
˵ڣһ̫ŷ˰ݣں˹Ʒ·Ƕһ챦ʯȻƶ¶һһ˿ĶѨ
˳ŶѨڵʯ£͵һڡ
ʮֶ̫űӣһľͰǰֿ˸ӣ˾㤵ǣľͰȻһ顣
һͷңŮˣϡԴ￴ʱ־˵ò
Ѿûнʳˣ˰ɣ̫ƺϰΪϲĹӣǣ벻볢
ֶ̣Ůӵǰ
Ů˻Ƶĵҡ
һŮ˵Ṵ̊ĳǿ飬ȴֵֻ̫Ҫ˵ǸӦҾúóԸ
ŮȴЦżˣǲֲˣ漴̫˸ˮݺݵĵܽأ㺦ҶְŪ˲˹ģҪҲӾ
***
ʵ۸յԺʱÿүӸڻɫ㣬Сңģ
үˡȵ
⻰ǰүӦ˵үһܹܣȥȺ棬ȻʵۺȻҲڣһѰԲۣ߳ϵŲɫ˿Уģӳʮֵ忡ʡ
ƸϾվıֱʵ£ôҲˣ
ҪٲҪǳˡʵ۵
ʲô£
ƸԼЩӱ࿪ˣĸֳǾõ⿣ȴǲɶñ£һвףһԳԣֱɾ͸ģûйġ
ϣүѽǺͿȼǼҷ˭ǿޣأū˵ģھɲ̫ãҪǽбƼλһǻô˵
ƸȻ뵽⣬һЦԵģҶַ˵ү
ȣ
סգ꣬ʯϷžһγ˴ꡣ
ڵĻʵ̫ʦϣӹݹĽӲ˲ϵˮղµ̫һʱûüǱܵһЩ
ȶ˽£үһܺ
ƸӸղž͸оЩأСĶ˲ˮ˴һڣ͵ۻʵۡ
ʵֺֺЦҡҡͷ
ҲΣƸЩ棬үѽַүʲôãЩ˵лҲүɣֲǲϵ㣡


15 
ƸĬֵַӹüѣֻٵıԺүǺãҪȥ¡
ǡƸ˵ĲԣûƲѽҲûѣÿ֣ˣѾڵģӹʡ
Ҳûиɿңֻܿշţǿյ棬Ҫ֪һߵʢ˵ӣ룿
ԩģƸί˵ţ˵ʲôִô֮Ƶĺȷʵǲ׵ġ
үʿɶֹɡ
ƸһӾˣǰΪ¥飬ֵķзģ£ʵǲپǧָˣȻΪѵľء
ƸȥˣүҪվͻؾȥ
ҡƸͲȥȥʲôѽÿοᰦ̾ģڵûͲˣ֮ͳԲζˣոҵôķ׼һоֹףǵģǸԷлǸ˸ǵģЩ죬룬ΧŹӳԣлйǻҲǺǡ֡
ּһѻ𣬴ߴٵڻûֳʲô£Ҫǳ¾ˡ
ƸΣתͷ׼ȥʰңȴܲģںȲĻʵۣͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬ѽˣ²ڣѵ¾ͲУ
ʵ۵㵱޻һ㣬նȥڲ䷹
Ƹû˵ˣԼҲеɵʵ˭ôΪһٷȥڲ䷹Żɵ鲻ǣ
ȥַ˵𡣡
Ƹ»ʵ۲ͬһ㣬һ̾Ͳˣȥ˸ţŵɽһֱţԺɨ飬Ƹ¶˵ɫƸƢãҲĺÿҲܴ󷽣ЩӸɽ˻ʮֵҪ˵ƽʱΪ˱ӣƸõʱһɽڸǰദүӿ飬ǲ֪Ƿ
ôˣƸϲ
ϲǺҼǿȥɽϣòһĢ˵ʣæ˰죬
ߵԺͿһͭͤ룬̿ðһɫͨСϵźɫΧȹ˸ԲޣЦŵүˣҿĥ˺þá
ЩԵú˯㣬˼ҩϵĻưֻʣǳǳĺۼ˷۾ͶסˣԳԭڵò
ƸǸòģЩһΪԼı˶ÿҲľˣǽ죬ȴЦʮֵĽļ¡
Ҳ˵ʲôǾúÿ
ַˣҵüȥˡƸһθо˺˷㲻ᡣ
ƸҪ޳ˣһ˫Ưˮ飬ƺϾͿҪѰ㣬ٲҪһƫƫƸʮֵĺÿ޳Ǹӣǽϧ
ôһЩӣ
ǱݡƸϾͣ£Ͱѻʵ۹ˣ˵ʱͦģҲûȥˡ
ˣЩ߶үˡ
ƸûԼҲ,ֱ˻ףʱЩգʢһС룬һڣ¶ɫüװɣɫŨӦĻ˸ʱͺʼϾǾˡ
ͼʶƸı£ζܶණһڣ˵߰˰˵ģЦŵȻүûۣǾͺүһͬ԰ɡ
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̫ªûз̵˼ôΪģЩӵǶǽſֵģԺûϸɹȻȲøڵġ
Ȼǣ
һֱҪλүʵۣлպƸҲһͬдֵܣΣǡˡ
ƸָסˣһʱǽȻǰʵô˵ģ˵Ų䷹ʱͷ
ʲôˣֲóԣַõĲ;Ȼʮ־£ǶԱѰϰգõûȵģҪʵš˭Ķ£ȻǲܵģƸԽԽǷ
ʵ鷿飬˽Сˣ
ûУ˵ҪǱţλоһ³ԷлҲһͬȥءСĿŻʵ۱飬ʵе׼ʵ۵˼ʵһֱʮֵر𣬵Ҫ˵иʲôȴʲô¶ûУϾ涼ûأ뻹ǵ£үҲ̫ˣݹأôȥǱţūȥؾ˰ɣ
ȥ
ȡ
ôһӵľֹǸ˾תķɿ죬Ͼ͵ѽū澸үǱţֳʲôǣǱȥưȣ̫ˡ
ʵһȣ⣬̲סŵ¿ˮ
ƸںȲ裬һͿԳԵζĻͺڴһ̧ͷͿʵ˽һڲ


16 
Ϧ£յϼԺȾεĺɫ
ʵ۴һǳɫĽ߹ŻԲۣ֯ϵͬɫϵ˿Уһ֬壬Ϻһҫ۵ĽӭϦ̤ź
֪ïΪʲô˵˲λкɫүˣȻ㿡ʣҲ֪Ϊʲôʶηֳλߵ
޳ǸƸŸĹӣԣ̬˵Ҳˡ
ʵҲһ۾ͿȺе˵Լò󣬵ǰŮȻʮؾȴβסò͡ ҲŻŵͶѣŮͬһ㺬ŵഺã͵ĸŲͬŮζͬľƣѰһȴǻζ
ԶԶĶһۣʱƺЩ
Ƹϻ𣬼ȵԼð鱻־ûʵ۵Щ̫ѰУŮӶǵģûʲôرϲģԹһֱƽ ȵۣһӶֵķϵʺҲսսģ¡
һʵӸ߰Ҳϲֵ֣طֻΪ˳һپϯ
һúǷ꣬һ̧ͷͿʵԶԶ֪ΪʲôȻ΢
վƸԱߵɽǰӶȥͷ˵üΣүúãһۻ軨ĺ۾˭žȻɰֶƸүǳѽ
ƸεЦûոģ𾪹ǿ־壬ʵۻү飬Ҫ֪ԼűΪү͡˵׼ˡһӾͻˣ֪ô죬ʶֻҸطͲҪ
ףүɫôˣǲɽҵĵһҲƸ˵һȻͲˡ
Ȼ֪Ƹ飬˿ȻҪȥӭӣ˹ȥ˸ǡ漴ȵʲôһ㣬ͣµһֱҪлֻûлᣬڼˣңҲ֪γƺ
ʵ۳£ڼ
Ͼ͵үɡ
ƸһӾסүƼҵʵǿŵˣǰ΢˽óȥ棬ʵҲôƺԼģΪʲôôʣô£Ϊʵү
˹Ǹ˵ѶˣڹˢһˢŶ͸ϣ֥齴ֻһմԵޱȣֻϧڲǸڣֻܵȵˣȳԸ۶˶кƬ«Ƭݿˣͷ˿
˲٣ȴ߲ˣֵ⣬ֻǳûеõĳӣֻԼȥˣλؿֻܵԼһ⡣
Ȼ鵶ʱֻһӣĵǸϸĻĽ
ȥ˳ιϣּ˼Ƹ͹ĻȥȣѾȫ͸ˡ
֣ںãӹӵݹĵոĥдʮֵķѹȥôпˡ
зּҪеᱡԷĲãŷƸ˹վſڣ˵Ӱڵϴ־˳ȥ
ү£
û£û¡
طҵúܣүǲҪˡһߣһ߶Ƹ͵ʵû˿ˣȥλУԵƬǱһ㣬˵ãеıˢֿ졭 ү£
˵һͨҲƸӦЩµӣ겻ģ̲סͣ½Ųֱ˵ʵ
Ƹµˣղ㡭
̲סһЦҾ֪ʣʳƺɡƽ˵Ϊţүһֱסڸڣȴû׿ڳϹΪԸ֪ĹֱӳƺãôƺүԼϡү׵
׵̫׵ˣԭƸ˵˵ֻڶһ٣̲סһ
һ·˵ŻͤߣֻôλүǴǰ㲻Գɣη˼ǲʲô᣿
ƸԼԩͲίĿˣֻ֪һǱԩġľ˵ˡ
̲ס꣬ûģ˵ЩŮ֮ӣүȴټĴ֮ˡ
ɲǣұ͡ƸϾ˵ǻʵۣͻȻ־ʮֱȻֳ嶯Ҫ˵Լݡ
ֻպߵͤ⣬Ƹ˻ʵۣʱͲ˵ˡ
ïں棬кõȥӷ󣬶ǼʶƸʳģϴǴԼһ˾ͳ˶⡣
һ׼Ӧùˡ
ⶼſڵϣԿᱡǵ¹ʱ򣬱һƬŽȥˣξͿԿᱡ
ʵٿˣǵ⵶Ҳǲס
ǸˣеĺԶûеĵز
ֶǴСûʮĥĹ򣬷гѾʮѵˡʵ۵
ͻʵΪ˱ӣʵúԶٶߵľ룬м仹վïһһ˵ŻʮֵǢ
ƸһԲ岻죬Щż֪ΪʲôܾýĻʵЩһ˵رᡣ
ܿͱԵסˣ˹Ʈζʮֵˡ
һʼù⣬ЩӦˣï©ֱһһӵķţȻ©̳
Ƹϲ֥齴ʵϲ͵ȻƸܳԼȴǲϲպĹױζƹģֻⱾζͺʡ
ʵԽԽ㣬θڴ󿪣͵ܾЩ壬ïһСȥүǷԼģū
ʵ۳һ⣬ˬһӾͰѿеɬζȥˣܶʱʳﱾζʵ࣬ؼôųԡ
ʵ۾ãֱǵ㾦֮ʡ
˻ïѾ׺ˣң׺˱ʯһǣһģʮֵ
Ҿ㷹죬ƸΪʵڳҶ˵ܾĵģ·Զܽȴоƽ㡣
ʵۺƸһͬ˱ԺԼסƸ˰Ҷ⿪¶˾һŻʵ˵֮ǰ˵ڴ˴˵ַлǱ²Ҳַ࣬Ժȥξˣ¶ټļƢǿƵʱһʵ۲ӦҲеģ
ʵ۴˿Ŀ⣬˵㡣תȥصԼס׼ϴˮûʵԡ
ȵˮУʵͻȻ˵˲һֱ޸СҸ£


17 
ת˼Ҷʼ׼ѣ鸮ȻҲ⣬ѵݣȴû˯ǰһ㣬֣š
Ǯ׼ţ¾࣬ŴŨƤڶ㣬ҧһھڵĽζҲܺϿζԵĺ⣬ƵƵͷ
Ǯ￴Ҫȸŵʱ࣬׵ʱѣȴԵÿ
ɫ⣬һˣҪҪһࣿ
ɶʳ˷ֱӡ
ΪҪˣ⼸ʱ꣬ճԹţëëϸ꣬ڴڵ̫ʦϣһ飬۾Щ˯ʵŻһ¾ֳɢȥˣԭͷصĹּˣټΪߪãȻҪͼ֣Ҫ˻Ҫæµѵôеʱ
ǳ˯ƺ˺ŲεĻϲһǡ
۾ȴǿǮĿˣٷĲ÷ˡֵҪʵۼǲ÷
£Żع̬䣬ϾҪˣûϹٷڣھɡ
÷ʮӣ͸񣬵һóһڵ˵Сܣ˺һܲ÷ˡֵСĴͿʼѧ÷죬ѾʮˣֻܷһñԾׯҪá
ϰЩ˵ڣֱò÷ͻȻĻһʱȵʵ㲻Ծׯģ
Сǳ¥ġ
˦ܲ÷죬ָǮʲô£ô
ǲ÷첻˵ŵĸæ˳ȥǼǵ鸮 Բȴɵˡ
ֻʣǮǮ￴ŭĿӣŵֱӹ˵ϣɫף˵ˣԾׯļ۸̫ˣһ۾ҪһٶʮӣҪףȥˣ²ׯȴֻҪʮ
ӵ飿ˣֺαضţ٣ûһĺá
ԭԽ¥ǹ˼ҲιɵĲׯҶȥǱ߶ȻǸ˼ӣǴҶĬϵ顣
ˣҲ룬Ӳˣ
󻹴ûΪӲĹʲôʱŵ׵̲ס죬ڻ˵ʲô˵һٺ»͹ҲмǧӵĹ۶𣿡
ǮչɫŵĲҰףˣҪҲû취ѽ鸮ôˣǳԴãһ¾Ҫӣдϸһ¾ͻ˶ǧҪŵ´ηٺ»д꣬ЩˣʡǮ˵˲θڣؽӽӣҲӡ
ôΪҪͨĹϵûٸЩ̫ͶЧҲԶ׼ģ˹ȥȷˣеط˯
ҪΪΪϣݾͲͬڹЩ̫඼۸ڶ׸˶
㻹ãһ㻹ЩͰ͵ġ
ûõĶ
ˣӵǮԼõӣģ
ǲ˵ҪŮ˵ţԽǮԽǾŭ˵Ǯ㣬Ǹɨǣһŷ˾ͷҪ룬һ鶼ãǰֻ򵥵˾ʮֵĿɿڡ
ˣˣȥ˿ͷѷؿɺãǮˣֻҪ΢⣬ͻᱻȭߣϾûкõطһƬʲôİĽɢȥֻʣ¿־
ȥ֪뿪ӹȥˣ
ˣҪ򡭡
***
Ƹʵͬ⣬˵ĲУڴһ㷭˺üͷ˯˹ȥǻʵ˵ʲô˼նûȥ
Դӻʵ˱Ժ֮֮ͬǰǰ㣬˲͹ƸҲܳԵǼܾտġ
ֹ˼գƸյ˼еţ˵˸£ٻȥְҪǰȻǸ˵ĲУ˵ǸӵܣûиУر֤ԼȻҪŬ뿪ζżˣԲķˡ
һ죬ƸͻʵһţзģģΪµӦззƶ
ȻòзЩʳĶǻʵ۽͹ȥġ
зƻһˬĶŴзζʮֵζϡ͵з̫ζζһա ųֻһ뷨㣡ǳ㣡
ζһֱ֮ȥٳһڣһСĲˣһת۾͸˸⡣
ַˣǺóԡƸͻʵ۶һۣ˶ӣҪԭٳһڣһȻԹˣ
һ뵽ϾҪˣҲԲķƸˣ£ҪúչַˣһŮҲʵǿ
ʵۣȥ֪ƸҪȥҲûоȣ˵үھְģ뿪ãҲǻȥˣǵ¡
үȻھʶƸĸ磬ƸЩ飬Ҳûʣ̳ӽˣƸһֱİ˱
֮ǰͱòˣֻһֱûǸ˵
ƸԽ᲻ˣͲǰˣʵۿŲǸ¶ѵһˣ޿ʲôҪַЦˡ
ƸͲҿˣһģġ
ģʮֺЦƸҲСˣȴһ޳Ǹο꣬ʳҪˣʱھУľͽˣүҪѽ
ҿ϶Ҫ


18 
Ƹߺ󣬻ʵ˵ǰ㣬ûȥڣȴһղϵ˲ȹȥ֮ǰʲôʵ۾ͳʲôʵֱӽʳĹȥзӵˡ
͵ʳ廨ţͲ˵ˣʳģҲǵһμ
һ죬㣩ڱڻõϱģȻټĴ˼ңǶȥ궬һļ۸һƥˡ
ˣɻվһʵүҲ֪ôͻȻҪⶫɲŪū澵Ƿ˲ٹ򡣡
ΪʵߵĴܹܾûȾòŪöΪ棬ܾˣҪأЩ¶ˣʵҪԣȻ취Ūˡ
ʱǻģֻˮܹˣֻñš
Ǻ߳ĹСʱȥСסܻԵܶղĺʣϲĺζ֮һ
ȻⶫʵЩ󣬷ˣмˣüƥˣǾˡ
ߺïŪ˳ȴǲ֪֣ˣū澻ǵһοⶫҪôϴ
ϵΧȹ͸һϴһճҺҪϴɾˡ
ū֪ˡ
ï˳ӣһŪˮԱߣˮưĳˢһˣǺ˰ɣ
ˣת䣬ʱܳɰʺϵˣ׼һɰݿˣ˿
ϴþȥмǸڵ㣬ǡк֮ڷˮ¡
ïҲãҲãǵһμֺζʵĺܣһֱһΧۣ˳֡
ͱζͷˮ̹һ뼸ӻȥȣڷˮΣղкõݿ˶Σ̹ķ˿мֻʻĺϺ
һðζҶЩȲ򿪸ӣкõĳˮ۲ˣ漴Ϩ˻ʢһСһζǳۣҲ˵Ű˹ȥ
ˣʵͷҪˡ
ѵôʵȻҪζָʣµһ˵ⶫɿҲ˼ζ
˶ְ࣬˽ŵģǩϣΪʱʱĻԿ⣬ԳһֱЩܿŪˡ
ϽԸ￾ʱˢȥÿζͱյðһɵסζ
̫ˣ
ʵǳɰʣסζݿ˸⼸ֻǺϺԭеζζȥ
ȶǳ׵ˣղѾԹˣʱֻʵġﻹǹζһֱζɢ
࣬պûʵһ˳ԣų꣬ʵ۶ͷðϸܵĺֻȥԿ֮ǰʱ̵ģԾ͸ոպˣɰζƫᣬҪԸζȴۣʿڸлõĽζֱǾ䡣
ȵүַ˵⿾ʱϹƣΪˡ˵ŽһӾ
ƫ𣬶ͣպýζá
һ٣ֹǻʵۣһʳĵҲԵʮ㣬ȻǽԴϲ
***
Ҫ֣ԲˣǸһ֮ȥɽɢɢïֻϣƵɽҲῴûҰ֮ġ
ٺ֣ʵ۶棬⣬ŲߣеģǱŨصɫȾģɫʰ쵵ķҶУԽӳĵʡ
˴кȴָߣϾǹŮ̫
ڶգ֣һɫ÷ƵĶԽӣï׼ȥɢɢɽ¾Ϳ˻ʵۡ
ȱŻʵۣһͬƵţʮֵɢ⡣
Żʵ΢΢˸ʵףǻӦˣ֮˾㣬һǰһţʮֵİ
ɽ࣬ԭʵգһӾƾۼïɡ꣬һңŷˡ
ūǸ㶪ĵġ
οĿ죬ȥҲ죬ȥ¶ɡ
һʼڵסˮƽ󣬾Ҷķ϶лžϡ
ǡʱ򣬻ʵۺҲ˹
һɡַܹˣҼүġ
лˡ
ʵۺȹͬһɡվ¶꣬վĵطú棬мһʯ·ԶȴҲպõһξ롣
ï˵ŻʵۺȹҲ֪ΪʲôʱͲˣʵҲ˵ܸоȻˣվһߣȴڡ
һ꣬ˮСëëϸ꣬תת飬漴ïïҸ·ϼһЩĢҲ֪ܲܳԡҲ˷ѣïȥƣܳԾժ˻úȸ
ïڻǵãϴξ׵ζ⻰죬ˡ
һͬȥưɡ
ⲻãǰ棬˵꣬·ŢˤˣҺïȥС
ïߺֻʣͻʵˡù˺óʱ䣬ȴҲïȻ
ʵ۲֪żԼһۡĿƵģЩڣֽս漴ַſ˵ĲˣԵĿɻϿζ
ɰ֭㣬ˬڣʸǵۡʵۺԥĿ޵ַϴ˵ǰ ǣǰĳǲ⣬˭֪ģ֮ͷǸζ
֮ǰ˵ԣ
ͻȻͣϴκͻʵۣƸһͬԻĵʱ˵ԼӡʳСʱ⹫ҳԵʻϧں߾ͺѳԵˡ
ǡ
һʱĪ鳱ȾһӾͺˣ껹£εδ.


19 
ɽʮֵļžȻһʯ·ȴԷһϸ΢ı鶼塣
үֵģҵһ֣󣬺ˡʵ˵⻰ʵôԵģᣬε
һӾͻˣֻܵĹϵŻ֪֣ʱ֪λӵ䣬ʵֻҪ΢ȥ¾֪ӽƸʥϵǵһ㡣
ʵǻʳӣڴѾõļ̳ߣȵ۷һµʱѡ֣߾ҲϣȺãʳƽƽԸ
ⲻʡ
Ժ㣨ʵۣȴôʵģ
ԭѾƽԺ˵ֻĿǺ쳱Ⱦգæͷ
ԺҪ˵ȴï磬ĪҪѹҲʱǲס飬ĢںδҲ
ԭïȻˣȻûҵĢȴûпֻïŸƴҶűȺڶԴһҰѡ
ˣǲɵʲô
ѾˣɽеҰҲˣֻΪҰҪԵѻҪ࣬ܶ˶Ըԡ
Ұѣ
ǰǱ࣬ū澻ſ϶ĲˣȴǣȻҲᣬͬҲ𣬳ģˣïֿտյȣղȰժѶˣԺҲ˵үҲֺóԵġ
׼һԣԺҲպֹһʱ˵ִһ𡭡 æܿ
һע⵽ԺϴһԻʱһûɹػҹӣָ޳ɫǰɣʮֵƯ
ԺһѣֱӷԼҲһ޵Ȼ
Ժзִ磬ûļǾˣֻԺԵúȻҲôСֵġ
ģֲ
ïԺϲ˵˵ˣϴβ˵ҪѾƣ˵ʲôҹⱭֳɵѣҪǶժ˻ȥưɡ
ȵϣѾأǸãүҹⱭͻʵ۵ķӦȻǺǸˣûʵ۸˵ģԸȥǲǸŮ ǲǺʵѡں
ҪҲһֱʵεܹλãǸȥػ
ȵɸʵ۵̫࣬ܿعغ񷨣һֱȵ۵ԸҪʵۣ飬ǰɳŮӣɡʵ۵ԭʮֳȣУǸԵģܵԽϳɡ
ȵۼݱʱ򣬻ʵ۵һͰˣɼҲ˺ܾá
Ķï˹ȥպͣҲôɡˣһӾͿʵʵһĺѣĿɿڡ
װïժ˱ŵĿӡ
ȵүôͶūСȼʵҲҪժѣæ
Ժ۲š
һʱ˶ʼժժһһƣкüȴЩߣŽżѣȴǲǰգȻվͺ׵ժˣҪһǴŲ
Ժһ󣬴˶ߣһӾͺˡ
ժѣһ·߻˱Ժ֮ǰȻҲȴǸԷֿӣһξͺһĸĤһ㣬˴һߣò֣ǰ÷ӾƣѾƻǵһΣҪһ
ȲƨūҪзˣū澸үŷĲҲԹ٣ǶȲϷģϵûȵ츳
***
صסϢһͿʼѾƣɽȪˮϴɾ̫ɣóһƵľͰҲϴ֮ȥɹɡ
ܿɹˣͬɹɣûˮֵѵľͰ飬һïľʵˣΪʲôľ飿ۡ
ҪóԣҲ͵ҪľĿڸкá
ǰĻïͬȻ˲裬ǺĻȴЩˣһѣѱʱʵûôǷǳĽѹԽԽ죬ȻϲָоͱĳݿˣϴҲӣ˸˺ģ㲻˵ζܺá
ïһ뻹ǣˣū澶ˡï˵ŻʵѾϴɾˣעָû࣬˺ǿһͬ飬˵һͷˣף档
̲סЦǺܺ档
ߣ˵ʲôóƭū澵İɣ϶Ϊ档
˵ŻϵĶȴǲֱͣȽ˭Ŀ˼ȺԺȴˣһӣˣ˵ûзˣү˵Уū澻ȥҹȻһ̳ûģǻۡ
ƽʱһˣǺټԺҲһȴŹˡ
ԺȻˣһīɫ߹ߵĺֱ֣һڣǱ֮ǰɽеĴҪʽһЩ
ѣ
ѽүҪҪԣԭһ˭֪ԺȻ˵á

ï˵ūȥүΧȹүһͲˣŪˡïΧȹ͵ݸȡ
ԺϵΧȹȥ֣ľͰǰ档
һʱľͰվѣԺտʼЩԥʾץһүˡ
ïүر棡
ԺһˣȻ˵ʹУͺеһɨһ㣬һʱ˾Ͼӣ־ģ󲿷Ѷġ


20 
࣬˰Ҳͣ˹ٵ֮⣬·ʪŢ·ʻʮаֻҸĿջʱϢ
κĴŮ䱻վˣһʼܳԵʵĲȣЩˣһزӱӣֱե˺ͷøĽֺջ𣬵ǿǹۿ˵ͣȻЩǸԵģ
磬ʮֵƯֻǿЩģϵ֣뾩ΪʲôĪҪ¡
ӿݣ۵˵ū澶ˣǿѾûкúˡ
ԥ£ Ǿź۰ɡ
ùεɫվԭذ죬俴µ˵ıͲ࣬Ѿˡ
䵹Ҳûоȣκͷͦ󣬵ǲҵͶܹ⣬⿿ٺ»벻ˣο»׵Ĳֲݹӹġ źۻĸʡԼøġ
˵Ʈһʳζ
ùôżŭסڸλСģôȲȷԣ
һԵѾ֣ϿСߵĴѾ˲ӸվĹ
ʣ̲ϾûƢˣǼС̫ˡ
ʱţţһɫȼ׵СѾߣһСѾߣȴǱС˼ҵС㻹ҪɣͷϴŽҲŽС֪ڸڣ˾ϯҪд֪ܷ͸
ҪӲǿܾǸڵСҲǼʵһģ˲ϲȴǲ£漴ǿûš ȻۣŵǳԱҪеĲѹȥСһ⣬Ǿȥưɡ
վխСѾĽȻ˽ֶȻԣ̲סģŶʲôӣҲһ
Ҹ˼ȴơ
վĿͷ󣬵СȻʮģ춼ԴĺУһӦϴþߣҪƾɵĵذ壬ֻߴطˡ
ֻλС㡭
СײͬʿиʮĿɽ׹ù̫˴˵ԼһӾˣԽԽսҲ֣״ССةҲߪ֪
ֻڽֿʵʵıͱյĴȻϹͶһСһĶѹû塣
ٱĽȦʮˣؿڣ״СǶȻÿһζܹأһ𣬾˵ӷ׸С
ͷϣҲûжһ׺챦ʯͷ棬һűʯȵСһžͼֵǡ
Сƺ޲ðκеĶһ㣬ʵǿЦĺܡ
飬ӭϾǿҪ񣬵Ů
ĪҪ˿
˿һһ̧֣üһײһ𣬶죬ȴûһ㣬һֱأǱ㣬һӲֻҪҰʮӣ±Ѽ࡭
ÿһ˶Ҫ£˺潭ֲſŵǽܲȣҪҫԼϵӣϾиӻǺټƷѪ
ȴʮֵĴݣ룬Ҳ
ɫ糣ȻЩɥźʱͻȻ©һЩؿڳͦͦأѽȻҵ˿ѸŪˣɲˣһͻǧ
һͦز˿ѣǰҲλεģ²Ϲ۾
ȻûʲôӦˣ˵˾ʧȥȥˣ֮ԵȤȱȱġ
ӵɽ亣ζҲͺһЩŲ˲죬ˣǸѼ±Ҳص ⸽Ҳ¥ֲȻ¥ĳգС±ǹƭˣԣҲȫǣҲӦ¥ġ
ʲôǿʹӣ⻹ƭˣԱһոﻻѵĸ̲סȥ
£ȥ
ƾɶ
ϵȻĲģԵҲãԺ֣ϸӸߣԵָ׳ģƢһ׵ĲУ
ǣ֪£˵֮󣬲û¶ȵɫǿЦס˼ϡ
ǾƲǣȴˣȻȥҪųȥ
ַ˲ǣ˵⻰˼ϸǰҲ֪Ρ ǼͻȻһϡ

˵Ļֲ
ϼӣֻȻĵ˵ū澲ӣǰǰ˶ˣŪǡ
ȴںĵ˵ƣ׺˽Թ ֵ˵Ȼ¥ģⱫı㣬Ҳû̫ǣ
ǼǳûƢˣֹȥ
ȥȴ־òͬˣȻһģȴеĻͨ͸ֿղŵֶΣֺ
ǸģԼֺ˰ҲзӦȴǿԼϾʹǰҵں«ةǵطĲУøĳׯûУܿ࣬͵ҲУҲǺңͬŮһ㣬Сʱǲ㱻ˣŵУÿ˲翿ͻؽҸ˽ϰ䣬ҲСɣҪĸҲϣѰˣԸһܲ⡣
ĽӢŮӣҪղ¶һ֣ʵĿ࿴ҲԼƫǽۣ
һӾ˱˴˵ľ룬Ů뿪ĸҪȥǻͬһطһȥģһġ
־ЩˣίĶǹùãһŵڵŮӣȴίԼʮͷ֪˵Ϊﲻֶأū˵ǴɣʵǽūƲϣΪҪҪ֪ԺҪ
˽ֵĻ˲Ҫֻӹ￴ƴףȴǸ֮ˣҲֵýύһԺ˵ܳΪҵĪҪ˵ˣǸλá Ȼ־ڱصãҲΪСӰ졣
˼ڷˣΪ˳·Ҳһͬ·վĹһͼٵ¥ϯ֮һֱЩȴϺ˹ȥһ죬Щͷˣҵһ⡣
ǹ˺һʮֵȳܳĵһ·俴ָֿŲ˵ˡ
һԵʵ֣ū澻Щ
ֵ˵ͷľ񣬸ſô꣬һ㳤ûУǹ֪СĹùǹ˷ˣȴȻŪ˼ٵľϯŪɼȻ֮Ǽдȱˣӹһֻ۱һֻۣǸһ·˵ܲмԺٲҪӹĺҪʹȥˡ
ԭ
˵ҲǷˣӹﵹЩ˼¿£ȴײ˵ϡ
˾ǽ˾ҪֿˣǲҪȥҼаɣھҲһլӣúܡ
һ·ǼʶĲƴˣ֪иôլҲˡ
ĺˣֻǻסԼ
Ҳ֪㣬ᣬǵø磬ǰҲСãڲȥҪسˡ
ȥɣпտ档
ҹùÿɲҳˣ˵ҪúþѧһѧأźøҸﰧԹ˵
̲סЦùҲΪã˵̫ʱ򲻾ͼˡμ̫ģͶùá
Ȼǹ˷˵ֶŮȻųϯ̫磬Ȼ档
˷ֿ֮˽ɽݵǰǵլӡ
ַֻǿǰĳȴסˣеıԺȻǰǽߣľʤյĴլӣլǸССһԺӲ˵ǽƤ䣬ſڰ뿪иŲݵſں˯
̾żеľӦòµҲʲôլӡ
Ϊû뵽լģȻû׼ִżˣʰ˺üʱžطסˣڵϳʲô
ջһѣǿȻݣίĵѾһû͹ˣҲͻˣСҲû취ˣլλ׼ʳҪڲСľҪȥҪˡ
ڻסˣ
ɲǷġ ÿε˷㣬ǸζϣˣԼš¿ˮ̲ס˵


21 
Ÿڴζ䲻¿ˮ󣬶ԳʳޣҪĸκҪ˵κҲܳģϾձ󣬵ͻκǸĳԻ
ɫöģΨһİþʳһֻΪ˳һڼĢͿɼԵĳ̶ȣɥ־Ҳˡ
Ҳ֪ס˭յǲ
٣˵һסϡ
ֵķзģȻҲ˳ȥڼҲһ䣬İ汾Ƿأ֣ɷǸߣߪ飬֮Ӿ͹ˣãó޵ΪɷȢòŮӡ
ԭ
ڼ˯һ˵طȻЩƾɣǱ·ȻǰȵĶ࣬ȴû˯ΪվҪȥ̫ˡ
˸磬ױϣͳȥ˹ӽȥ˰ʱűȥ
·ļצʣ̺һƬͺʾԺĵ·һ㣬ǳ̲ס¶һЦ
Ⲣһ빬ʱ͸ĸ̫ף٣˻ʵۡ
֪ٻĲԼһˣϾ̫Ҫѡ󣬿϶Ҫ࿴ˣǿŵļϤݣҲǱѹ
ųʱ俴ͬǳС㣬Եø߸ϵӲͬСԲЦǳǳģǺϲģҪġ 飬ϻǺʺӵġ
ȱʲôȱһʳӣ
С䣬ЦŴкֵүôǺõˣ˵Ϊ˳һʵڣȥϣȴ˱꣬ˣǱ̧Żġ
⻰ƹػʵ䶼Ƿ̣һùү鲻ܳȥֻΪ˳һڣôôǰܼӡ
ɫ䣬ݵЦЦС㣬ԵôׯлǼҸҸѾöˣҳǰѾµ·ˡֵСһܵܣǹϲ
СɫͲÿˣ˸СʮѾܵˣܱңȴǱ˽Ȱ˻ȥæúܣûд
㡭
һֵС㣬ôǼˣһֱűҲټӣҲ֪ôģ
²ڹ ǼУϵ취֪ȥʲôط ҪǰӽʵۣðԼòֶΣſӮûʵ۵Ļġ
ǿǴҪǶ֪ȥɲˡ
⵹ǡ۾СЪ˺ҡ
***
ԴϴһͬɽժҰ֮Ժ֮ͺĳֿǽڡ ԺҲһɲԼıԺˣżߴһͬԣ˳ԼƵѾơ
ݿԺϵ˲ɫΧȹ˸ԲޣǸɾ䣬ż˿ʼݲˡ
ݲˣģΪ·
ݿȥĸƤƼʱϴȥˮÿһطĨ׼õĵϾͿˣƼ򵥣ȴÿһ趼ܴ
ԺʱÿݿĨϣʺ죬žʮһ㶣ˡ
һ仰ȴǴʮĹػԺ㣬մһ°ɫƵļ䳤ۣӶյķǳ䣬ԽԳʮֵӢ
ϲڵ֮ǰȥѣҲƷ֡ЦŽ͵үҪҪԣ
ɲУԺ㻹û˵ȾȿڵϴһѾˣϾʲô͵ˣɫʺۣ˵ôһоûУ˵ûʵ۶ݲˡ ôôʣ
Ժ㿴ȣȶʱ˵һϢĹûĽһմҲãһС
Ժŵ˵ͷȥϴ֡
ȾԼѵľ͸һˣǰɹܲɣƬţǵסʵ۸ˣҲû취
ϴ֣ϵϵΧȹԺ㵽ǰʵ㿴Ķ𣿡ְֽⰤĽһЩ
ȳһۣʱ;ԼˣʵҪݲˣ֮ⲻھƣᣬϸｲʱ˺̹֪оͻҪȥ
Ժѧĺܿ죬һģʵ㿴Σ
ȥԺ㣬ɫ糣ֻĿżϣһҪ޵̬һӣһһ㣬ֻһӾˣҲ˼֣ĨĺܾȣүǴϻۣʲôһѧͻᡣ
Ժ㵭˵ֲѡҲࡣ
ʱݷõģ֮ǰѾݹˣ˹ûչص˼УһŹϾھӣҪк ȻҲ뿴ʲôʳζǰ㡣
ɽҵţһԺӾŵǹݲ˵ζζ˵㣬ĩϺϵζȴֹ˵ϲݲ˵žͻ̲סˮ
ƫ仹ԹݲˣҺϲԣ˵κǸصĳԻŸûٿ۽硣
ͻȻͱ˲ζԶ֪Ȼʮζһ˰ݷûˣ
֣Ц˹ȥ
ĪҪ
˻ȴЩԾӡһõģûഺŮӲӦǰģ
ǰûб֮ľɥʳڣòףϵΧȹҲβڵˣǽƲĿ⡣
Եĺã˯㣬״̬ԽԽˣû͸Ҳʮֵľ񣬷ɫҲ𪣬ǻư߼΢ɼȻԳԭͳڵòοʮ޸ʮ룬ҲͶʮѡ
ʵҲЩԾû뵽κŮȻƯ˵ͣһ京ŵĻǶһģ
Ͼǿݣϴһָ߸ϵ֣Ų׽
ɣݲˣûüȥӭ
߶ˣŵζˡȻͼݣĿȴһֱ̲סЩɫʺ죬žͽ˴εݲϿȥýˣζ͸ˡ
֪ϲϲԣĻûζ˼ţӦǿԳˣҪҪһζ
Ǿȴ֮ˡ
ȻǳʹӦˣȻǷǳϲݲˡ
ӭ˻һïһݲ˹滹һ˫ӣ˸Ķ
һڣ֭ζаײ˱ˬЩγһ־ѵĿڸС
óԡĵĿ޵
ʱ߽һӣĸͦΣӢȻż򵥣βסϵĹ
ڳԵڶڣˣ𾪵ĲУһСľҭסˣô⣿


22 
ԵĺܴҲһ俴вڣǱŵˣϾδŮӣһ߸ıһ߶Ժ˵ү߲㣬ҪȻȥ
ԺЩˣɨ䣬Ŀе䡣
һ׻һ㣬ļȿȿȡ
Щְ˸ŵˣһֱʶԺЩԾʵԼ̬ȻԸǵ˵ͷ˳ȥ
ȿʵ۳˻ֱӳſڶȥЩ֣ʵҲÿιܾãȻǺϲһ𣬵ô£Ҵҵ׷˳ȥ
˺һڲˣյĲУ⻹ǻʵۺһμ棬ôˣɻǼǵûʵ۸ղЩĿ⣡
ΪʲôʵۻŮʲôϵһѵʡ Ҫֱʲôƺϣķչˡ
亦£ھε˵˿ˣӹïݹĲˮȱѹѹ
Ҫ侲Ȼȥ˼ĴҪ뿪ؼȥúþһӹݹĲˮһڣ˭֪ˮȴĺúȣֺһڣȥӣһɫСӡ
Ƶ裬Сǽʣʣᣬȴһеζźˬڣּ˻ۣȥһЩζ
úȡ޵
ϲҲǸˣʵҪҪһ
ý췢ô飬ﻹȲ裿ӦûȥúһôߣϾ︸ײףҪǸϽκҲܵףֻܿˣҪκͿܲסйˡ
Ҫܾĺ⣬ΪʣĲˮղĿڸУʹ˵Ǿͷˡ
Ȼ󡭡 䲻
صеʱѾҹˣкһƵĲˮһٷݲȻûȫζʱҲеˬڸУϸƺõľ׷ʮֵ·ȻЩҲǳóԡ
ԷҪ߷ֱһǴű˯ġ
***
ǹվ͸оԾģԺ̫ˣĺ 
˼죬ֿʼꡣ
ҪǰϾʱ򲻷ţлһѵҪãûеʱ򣬵ҲùЩˣ죬ֻڴڣŵεδʪĿµ֡
ʱŵģһͷϴβ˵ȽϺóԣСȥͷ
ȥơ
ͷʷ׳׳ģ۰׸ɾȻҲǺģһïˣū澺Ժѽ
ϺߵˣɲڹѾͷˣЩӣԲˣϣһץһ⡣
ïˣݣ˵⣬ԵñԲ
ȹ߻ƨïﲻѽ˵ϳ˵⣿ⲻ֣и
ï˵ܹмʶ
иӾѽϼװ
һʱ˵˵ЦЦò֣רɱ˵ɱһֻһֻţɱ
ϡ
ɱĺҲʮֵĸˣ󷽣ЩҲܸմ⣬Ĳ˵ÿһûġ
ȥȲ裬ԺҲ֪Ķ㣬ǰİ˱Ѽ ϲθڣնܹܴģ⼸յûһ仰
ȵž仰ķȻû˵үɶԹˣǡ Դǰտʼһֱ̫ӣС˵ȥл˵ûʲô¶˵үҲ˯úãҲԵ㣬һֱߣСǸżҲûã
˼룬Ӧݲ˵ʱˣȴֻдû⣬Ժϸ۵Ƥ˵ҲԵģζģݾҲʹУŪƤ
ԽԽΣöԺҲ̫ȻˣϾĹӣСģʲôʱŸݲˣİѡ
˵һŮԼûʲôЩݵԼʲôǡ ԺȴںЩδıֻΪֻдĸá
Ƹ˵ܵί̫ƣҪˣȴɷԵĻӡ
Ȼȥɣһ͵үȥ
ϣǲǲ̫ʣ˵ᣬϾͲүһ˵ûʲôںģַ˱ϾǸŮӣ
̹Ȼȥѣôˣ
ȸ˵Ӧһ֮ǰǴżԥˣСĴСźˣѧغԼı֣˵ĻҪ˵ǽСĻ̲סˣ鵱䲻
⵹ǿʵۿд˵Ҹ㣬ϣǸټ˲ţϧǸŮӣʱҲûʲôдЩദŷ֣󷽣ıԶ̹ټ
ȻǸбµģߵյλãҲΪԵʡ
ΪլŪڲҪСƺլ飬ǲһҵĸ
ãȥڹҲʮûʵûк֮ǡ
ߺȥ˳Ѿʰˣȥǰݲˣһӣ붼ŵ˵ؽǱ¶ȵͿԴźܾãʣµһЩǷڳ⼸շ͵Ĳ࣬ģÿݲ
һ廨г˱Ƭɰ˵ͣĩ˿ζٵкõݲˣ£ɽȪˮкõ廨⣬Сš
һ˿鶹п飬Ƭݿ˶Σűá
Сӣζï̲ס¿ˮˣҶˡ
̲סЦڵȻᣬݲҪ˲źóԣڿԷˡ˵Ű֮ǰ׼õĶȶ˽ȥ
һͿ˸ӣϴ˿ݲ͸֮֬ɫ׺ɫĴ˿廨ζҲζʵǽʳָ󶯣ˡ
˺ܶ࣬һï˳ԣȻ˸Сɰװ͸ԺǷݶ֮ʣһЩ
͹ȥɡ
ȻŲ̫׽ǳԷʱïûʲôĸԹˣÿγԵʱɿɰĵһġ


23 
ͣһ磬翪ʼ
һ߸ϵΧȹһֹüһһ·ûֿͣͣʼˣǱһʯɡ
ֱͦϸͦεһʲô
һֺʯͷˮɽϹǺΣգһͳһΣɽӵ˶ˡ  Ҳ̶ãѽ
һ·˵Ż˳ԥ»ʵֺαѧŮˣ
˵ʲôܺ͸ڵλȻΪղ
ûʵۣȻЩţǹǡ
ǣҲϴ ļȺСʱ򿴹һ飬ڿŻĬҪ˵һˡ
ص֮ͽ侲ʵԺס϶ǲԼݱ¶ԼóȻϷˣ֮ǰȻΪǺˣû񣬵Ҳײæˡ
үڰ˯ͷ֮ǰ֪ʵ۵סȻڸڡ
һǧѷĻһҪס˵ǰ빬̫еˣһݲң⿤ͷҲͲֵʲôˡҪͷҪͶã
ֶʱЩۿһӾͺˡ
κǸµģֻ˳Ժ֣ÿһλΪȱˣ̫࣬ҲܲסүүֻСǳŲΪСۣд־ͿʼŹ˹κָֻˡ
֣ʲô
ūۿ
ȴν˵ʲô۵ģµڶ飬ǹ޿ģνǰ顣
˵ǡֻĵ塣
ʱ֮˼ˣӣŵʵ֣㳢ζ
ÿһһڣ֮ɫеΣһŵһ򡭡
ü̲סһڣֱˣܽضе̣˱Ѽûסζ  ֻһ㻹ԣ̸ʲôζֻ˵ʡ
һİһ˦˿Ӿ˳ײѾ
ڵïˡ
ԭïݲæһ磬ûһڷԭûãѾߴʳеĸӣζ˱Ƕһʱ̲ס¿ˮ
׷ݲԸոպãһ뷹űöŽֵǻӰɣίʵ̫ˡ
ֶʱһղõʱΪ÷ˣû
***
ʳȥ˸ڣ⻹һԺסıԺɽȣѰϸһȴ͸žϸġ
˵ɽΪõľǴɽµٲٲɽƷ˺üΣõһԺıԺ
һһ²ĽܵүٲµͤȲ裬Ǳ߾ɫãûɣν׺𣬳Ӻ䣬úܡٲ滹иȻѨվڶ⿴ܿ͸ٲˮ⾰ɫҲټ
⻰˵ҲЩڴܼҿǺÿڲţ˵Һ޲Ͼܹȥۡ
Ц˵Ͼ͵ˣƹǰ᷿ǡ
ǲϣʳһ·Ƹͣˣū֮ǰ˵ߵľɫãһֱûῴڿԿˡ
᷿ǰһӾһŵʯ·ɫٲɽ䣬һɫ˿УƮ
ɽȾķҶֱʤա
Ժմһ°ɫ߹ߵĺֱ֣վͤſڣٲӿɽ紵½ǷȴݵǴ˽֮
ϸֹˣүֹʵɣСӣһĹү
ߵͤǰ棬Լ
ܹͤźɫɴʣΣһΣϷŲ豭Ȳðӳźٲɽɸĸо
ͤӣȾͺڲͣŴɰĸӣһζ˱ǶԺݲ
ǣҲ֪үϲϲԡ
͵պڣݲһͰϣܽضţвˣˮʮֵĺɼġ
Ժһݲ㣬ζ֯һ𣬺;ʮζһڡ ܽضﶹˬۣڿžͲ˵ˣĽһеζԺ򿪺Ӿŵζֱʳָ󶯣ҧһڣſƤִ࣬ȴǳۣһھҧ֭
ʳڣźľ£Ժֻһһɨա
ĲʣԺոհ˷ֱүһƵĲˮ
ŹЩᣬһʷˮֻһӾͳ˿е壬ˬĲУźле㣬Ȥ
úȡ
֮˾ͳĬ
ɰȼˣˣһֻųԣһֻǰŵݲˮûбĻˣүַ˻ûƹٲˮ ȥ
ȴˣ߶ˣǻȥˡ
˲ˮǰ桭
Ҳ뿴еˮˣưɣжѨٲ棿ϡ棬ū澻ûأ
ԺѵÿڵҴ˹ȥ˵žǰ档
һʯ·˳߹ȥܵٲϣһƣʯ·˳ٲ棬Ժ
ȸæɡһ߽ȥٲͿһܴĶѨʱ濴ΣΣС¯ľ̿طʪյʱҲú䣬¯ȥҲǳ
ǵһμľɫ÷ǳ棬ȥٲγɵˮˮģһʱ̲ס¶Ц⺢ľٶӡ
Ժ˴Ҳ¶һЦɫסһԽˮ顣
Ϻվһߣһ˵ʵΪҪŵԺ ֻͻȻ䣬ϵܹܣû
ʲôˮ
ʾʱģͻȻһ¡¡ضɽҡġ 㿴Ҳ֪вõ鷢ˡ
Ժʶ׽סľߣϺȴһͷȻУҲ֪ȥˣֻôһ߳ڳȥ
Уֻ׽Ժ֡ ܵʯڵ䣬ɫ̦޺Ĵȿֺֻ¡
һ޴ĹʯλøպķԺɫһ䣬ƿ̫󣬼ʯ֮ľ޴𶯣ֻǰһڣ˹ȥ
ǹ˺ܾãеεδˮ۾ֻһƬڿ壬ͻȻһƶϲˡ
Ժ㣿


24 
, ͸оһҵͷۣʶȥͷȴһ㲼ǡ ˣ
ԱߴԺ㼱е, ĪҪҶոϡ
ү, ôˣںδ
ԺղһʯͷȻƿ, ȴûбܿһС, ûд󰭣һƤѡ
ֽӦ˺ڰ֮, Լܿܳ, ԺԼԱ, ɢ, Ҳһ, ȥԼͷĲɫ, Ժ˺Լ˿ڡ
ȥƹ, ·ˣӦµ̫ñ˺ǡýˣҲ̫ˡԺ˵촽ڿ𣿡
ʵ, ˮȣ
Ժһ, , ҵ绹ȹˮ, ʣ°
ӹ, Ϊûб, ֻܶźȣʱҲƽϲô࣬һڣĲˮɤӣһӾ;ĲУ̲סཹཱུĺһ룬ڻֻͻȻʵү𣿡
Ҳʡ
Ժ㲻ܲʣȻҪԼ һ뵽ԼղźôЩھΣǿ飬ԺĪҪģǺܿܳȥ̵סˣЩˮźá
л
ԺݣǸ޹ҵģԺȴСӣû˹ȻẰȣ˵ܽеĶ˳츮ɱʿһͿˣԾ˵ǰ㣬һӦÿԳȥˡ
Ժ΢ŵĵ˵ͷ֮û˵ˣ֪Ժƽʱ٣ղ໰Ϊ˰οҲǼˣҲûм˵Ϊˡ
ֻܾĵģûйֺܺڣֳ쳣ƺԺȵĺ
ָоΪͺֻʣˡ
Ȼûʹ˵ôڷ˵ʩȡ
һûˣ϶ãһʼΪܿ죬ȴϵö˻˽ʱ䣬֮ǰѾԹˡ ˵Ѿ˶ʱˡ
Ȼôõʱ䶼ûڹ
˵ʲô־˵ʲôʣ˵ˣڸΪΨһİ취Ǳʩȡ
ֹһоֶֿ̲סͷںʯϣƺһ㡣
ȵˮɡ
ӹˮһڣȴҲԸˣҲ֪ʲôʱ򱻾ȳȥҪˮãүҲȡ
һԺûпҲǺһֶֿʣҲһڣȻҲҪʡˮֻǵԺѲ£ŷһ⣬նŲȡ
һӾͺˣڰҲԺɫȴҲоԷһЩڵģ
ʱһֱ̫ƽͻȻһ΢ͻеķΡ
žɽֻʣˣеĸйٶ޷ŴֻиޣһֱŬĿţѹһ̣Ҳסˡ
ү𣿡
Ժһ㶣˵ʲôܿҡҡͷͻȻ˹֮һֱߵľ룬һ¿Щֲ
ĿԺ㣬ʵүΪʲôôã
Ժر˵ʱϣģִĪļµȡ
ûʲô
ȴΪƿʯͷһûüҵô죿Һү
ܲܿһŮӡ ˵ʲô
ԺݣȻֻһУ֪жÿٴظòã

ԴӺ֮ǷеİֻΪԼ
չȥǳǳĴ촽Ͼͳ˻ȥ͸һ㡣
ôһɲǵ̡
չᴥһ˲䣬Ժ˺촽ôҲŻˡ
Ժʹ˵ס

Ǻһ˴ˣĴţִ˲ƣ
Щһ˺˱Ҳزȥˣһ֪˭ͷֻʵҪˣǳǳıǡ
***
ȿٲɽϹʯŵɫҰףͲ붴ڽʱ˳Ժȴûôˡ
ҲǾδǿǰ̲ס޳Ƿˡ˵žҪߣȻҪȥȴǱһקס
ȥȻûӳߣڶѨҲܱܿȺ۾Ȼż˵Ļȴǣȥô˾ȳ
һӾ侲Լͱȴ󣬵¶أлܹѣô죿
׼ˮͳԵģбůѣţһҪ߿ȥƬ̣Ⱦ˶Բߡ
Ժ٣Ҳʮˣ˼ȻҪȥ溰ˡ
ãֻܹܷģһ粽š
߶̫ˣƬ̣ïʹ˹ȻһֱŻʵңΪϾͳˣǲŮŮҲˡ
ȻΣǴȴĬһ㣬ɵİ飬ï˲࣬Ҳܴնʮˣܹæ
˾ͶһЩʮˣϳӣʮˣвӾŲӣûеľóͷЩûУľڣЭ
²ŹλҲסӪ⸽ȥæɸȥɡ
ͷֻȥҡ
Ͼ˶࣬Эĺܿڵ࣬ǺܿͱһʯͷסˣʯȻǶѨʯ顣
ʮһҲûŲһ֡
ʱһţ콥ĺȴǶʯͷް취ị̲̈סŲϵ˺ܹϼ쳩ӣô
ۿһӾͺˣȴǵҪޣܹȥˣܻа취ġ
˵ȥӪˣܺöǾʿû˾ĵθ뿪Ӫ㲻þҪиı֮ˡï
㵹Ƕò١濴򶨣ǵһˮҲûкȣɼҲǺܽģï˵̲ס߿һۡ
ïǰںݵʱ򣬸ˮ˾һλ˺Ҫãʱһ䡣
ģү󣬽ǰɽڿҲҪ˾ȳ
⻰˵ʮֵİïһ㶵ģͺ֤Ļһ㣬ͻȻ䴫ӵïȥֻԶ˺ѹѹһȺˣÿ˶ŻѣǻѶҪһ㡣
ǵıʿӪģ
һȺıʿҪǰĲҪݡ


25 
ҹ, 紵ĸïͲȴ䣬Ѫ, Ϊ˿ϣ⡣
ⶫӪıʿγȲ
ֻǺܿ˺һͬæ͸Ƕͳ˱Ժ, ЩǸ˵˶ң, ǲҪ, صеžǡ
Ҳûģѵصıʿ, Щϵ, СС, 󲿷ֶŮӵ͸ȷʵǰﲻæ
Ƿ˾иˡ
Ű, ͻصԭ, ںԽӪ, ԽǸźӵ, Ĳߣڸߴ˶ıʿвۣϤ˶֪ǸݽɫΪ, ûбȴССıˡ
, , һȥ̽, ʯӲ, Ҳõı, ֻҪʯͷڳˡ
ôڳ
ն˵Ȼ˴㡣
ۺЩζǻ˴ǮĮǧΪ˾Ȼʲô᲻õģȻͬͷǾͽˣֻǽǿһЩѾʱˡ
ģһñº𡣡һʼҲܽţֳ֮ͷϲԱӣĵطպɽɽʯι̣γһȻϣס˻ʵۣҪѰɽ£ҽڣһСα
ڵǾ죬ϾûгԺȣҲ֪ǲˣҪΣ
ïص˼УһվߵԺһֱվſûлȥȻڱԺǳǱһ㡣
ôûϢأôʯͷҪĻû°ɣ
ɽҵ˲ˮܴïȿڲˮɣûЪϢ˼࣬һûµġ
***
ͻȻȻ嵫ĺƺܴһӾŵһϾԺԶԶġ
˶ٵĺţһԺƽϢ͵Ǳʿڼ£ʱͿԳȥˡ
ͷɵӦһš
֮˾û˵ˡ ܾԵøİδδˮٲˮ˶Ѩ
ԺӦƵĲˮ
ЩĿԺ㣬ȴ˵ζر𣬺ڵζ裬Щɬ
һӾͺˣ˵ʵζҲܺá
Ժ۾һӾִż̿˵ǵȲһ㣬Լȴ˹ȥ˵պһҵ˴
һԺ㰵Ƶ˵Ĳɬˡ
̲סЦüģʮġ
ͻȻ䣬¡һ죬л˽
ǹ̫ǿһʱ̲Ҫ۾ԺֱӸסݣȿ棿
үСˣȴſǻ˽
ԺǶ°ɡ
Ⱥ֪ԺĹһ㣬үֻʣǵˣҽģû°ɣǰСĸˣ
ҪʣȺͲԺˣȻǾٶЩţǾ֮ȥ־øж
û¡
ϸϸĴԺ㣬ֱȷûˣһ
ԺʱȻûʲôˣվһƺ໰Ҫ˵ֲ֪˵𣬱ѵ磬һ㣬֮ǰڶ컵գű˴ˣԵݺʹ
үˣǸϽȥưɣϷ˿ǲιȥˡȴԺӡ
ʵҲ֪˵ʣƻյģ̫֪ʵ۱ֱ֮˹ȥ˵ҽ˹ǻڴأʵǲĵġ
Ժͷ֣ص˵һ
ȥʱ򣬲ֱӿˣʧ̬ʱҲ˾ţĸ첲ͻȻ͵ضɽҡģū澵ֱӾˣҪܹū澳ū澻֪᲻桭 Ȼܹ˵ʱȥҲǵȺ濴ˣǺڣƴҲҪŷ˵ģ÷˰ȻȻū׼ȥˡ
⻰͸ˣ֪⻰ģǰһֱܿ࣬ȴ벻ģοⲻû£Ҫˡ
ï֣ˣӦֶˣѽ÷˳Էǡ
ͻȻһ㣬ңˡ
ϴ˸裬˼ȷڴϣ洫ϤһŮҼүġ
ˣ
⻹ǵһμ棬ֹĶţдҹ֮ˣ̲סŵһѾ߾㲻ס
ˣүķˣū̫ҽ
죬Ҫ̫ҽϣѰ벻̫ҽġ Ժ̫ҽҲɼˡ
̫ҽղ̣ʮģһɽӣЦеĸ̬ҲŲԾط
̫ҽ£ЩţһЩҩˡ ˵ȥԱ߸˷ӣֵһζҩ治򡭡 ɣֶӸպÿҩ̣һҾյҩ
Ҳʡ£ǾͲ̫ҽˡ
ߵʱүúţͻˡĿڣƺڵĻӦ
죬ȴʲôû˵ܷԼͶòڵү˴֮ģǴԼϲʼøŵһμʱ־ʵǺÿ ȻҲҶʱֻˣȻݲ̫ʣһŮǣңһۣ֮Ҳδ䣬ֻһڿЩƵ뿪Ǹط˿нˡ
ԵЩʧû˵ʲôзִģӵֲһŮκϡ
̫ҽ˵ڶչȻֶҩ̫ҽֶӽв̲ΣȻҩȡ֡
̲κͬЦһһ۵ģïдһֽдôҩŪïЩˣԹź˶ˣּ˶ٴҩˣҪ̣Ʋ˭أ
Ȼô˵Ǽҩʱȴǰղ̲εĻʱҩ
һ۾͹ȥ˰£֮ǰõʱܴµ£ȴǲˣҪһ
붬֮ǰݲˣ⣬ϡ ǽ˾֣߰ɹܲɣɣ֮ǰ⣬׼
һƵĹӵˣЩȻ˵˵һ¾깤ģȴôá
ҪʳԻҪ״һЩĹӣ⻹ǸλѧģԾ˶һ
ǰƳС
˻ïˣһЩ˵ĺãһĵģԺˣҪһʱȥ㡣
ܸˣһЩʱΪΪӺѰĹӶͬû뵽ûкǸмԼûа׷ѣһֶ´һҪ͸߸˵Ļȥˡ
ï¹ӣʿˮˣ˵ǲҪһӺòã
һԽ˰ѹⷿȥ⻰̲ס˵ѾͷԻˣ˵ôùûʣ
ïҲٺЦ˵֣Ҽǵϲǿۣ˵нܻۣ֥齴ԣóˡ
ϲ¿ˮ
̲סЦ׼£緹ͳԻɡ
ϴϴˣ⣬Ҳһ򷢣˶ֶ࣬ʮܿ׼ˣ̲ʱ򣬼һȺΧڵĹӳԷҲʣ̲ס࿴ۣһҪ;ζ˽ӣʵ̲סʳָ󶯡
УҩˣùûҪǲһԣïʵ
̲εá
ï
ȻһˢԣиѾרŸ²ˣõĶǹ꣬ԿһԣʵҲǸԸġ
̲εǸģԣҲͷֻǶֵȴЩ׼ï͵ĺܣҪϡ
ܳԡ
еı⣬ŵһ¾ˣմ͵ĵϣУ֥͵ζζټζЩһ𣬴ڸ
̲γԵǽһˬ죬óԡ


26 
̲ȻǸ, Էȴǰ㽲߷ֱ
, ï˲ˮ̲ס˵, УͲ°ѶӳˣïͲ̲һֱЩ̣ï˵˿, ֱֱȥġ
̲ȴûǰ, ͻȻĬһ˵, ˭֪ʲôӣԾͳԸ, ҪԼ
ï̲¶įɫ, һʱЩԼղ, һε˵, ϴβ˵Ƿܺ, ҪȥʱҸһЩ
̲һɨղŵľɥ, ãһЩ
ïͻȻͺԼˣ
̲κïҩ飬ԼҪ󷽷ҩ, ŷ, յ緹, , , , ϻ𣬿Ժȿ裬ʳθȥ塣
ʲô
̲ξһһۣȽϽ棬ȴʲôʢӣïϸĽݸĿƽʵθĿһ࣬Ǹö
ïϲУǷ˵һ˵϶ϲ
һȻ¶Ȥɫ˵ÿγ;ЩأϻǿʲôζǲǱȽϿࣿ
⵹ǣ濾Ƴɣһζ ۸Щ󣬷Ҫھ¥﹩˺Ȱɣ̲ΣҲ֪׼ʳȤ֪Ҫá
ǡ
賤ڴһ˵ǣ۸ʮְ󣬰͸˳ԣǾǸԩͷˡ
ïò̲⻰źܲȴûЦʵ˵Ҳбİ취˰ɡ
֪һֲˮҵʱżȻ俴ģЩũ˰ˣˮƣЧȻҲ࣬һͿһ󱭡̲ε
죬ҳ˼ʶˡ̲ס̾˵ïҲЩ죬еǶԲ̲ЩĹۣȻϲȷʵбµġ
̲κ˵´Ǵſʹï˲̲γš
ï̲δһ̳ӵ⣬ǷҸϵõݵ⣬óء
̲¶˼ɫЩⲻȥ̲߲֮䷹Ĵ࣬ÿζвһĴУһγСִ㣬һγԵĻǳ죬Ͽĳգζ϶ζ
ҪûȥïҪû
̲ïһ˵Ѿ߿ǣǷ˸ҵģ㻹ҪûȥЩͳ˵ŽıͷҲصˣïȥһ
ï
***
ƸһӪı˸ְλŷ־һְרŰֻ׹еģô֪ģΪͬҲȦʮӵܣҵĳԴ
Դ۵С۵ĵĻ˺һԴ͵㻹ҪʲôɣǸҸɻ
Ƹʧһֱɼ˿
Դ˼ЦʵҪ̣ῴ˱ãЩ㶼аɣЩỹԼұĻҪɫۣ߰ѲҲУ
ƸֱӾɵˣ룬Щһᡣ
Դͦ˵ģаˣҪǲסţ͵͵ܻȥҵܴҵȣ⸽ҲӣҴȥȥӻ¥Ĺᵯ˵׼Ҹϲġ
Ƹˣ㵱ҺһǾɫ֮ͽأ
ԴĲһʲô˭֪Ϊʲô˻飬Ÿװʥأ
˲ɢƸȻﲻʲôھӪתƣͼʲôã˵Ϊʮ£һȥҾͶϤˣҲʼĹۣǴǰ㲻żɻƣҲܴʱ䣬ԴͬȻסھӪУΪһȥȴ档
һգԴѵû磬Ƹ㻹﷢أȥɣˡ˵žҪȥʰҡ
ƸһֱӪԶ뾩ǣȻ֪ʵʲô飿
̫󲡵ˡ
Ƹһͼˣ̫СȻǷǱѰϾͻȥԸѾʰңԴһ˾
˿Ƹã빬ȥ
ƸϴһѾ빬ȥˣ·ٲҪ̫ԭί˾˵ǰӲǳɢˣµе󣬲СıɽϹʯҶҳǺȴ̫ŵˡ
Ƹ⻰һʱļĲУǱ߻᲻Ҳ£ʵǱԺ𣬸أ
ЩĿƸʲô
ҲûʲôԶײڣھӣҪһʡ
ҲǣǱԺԱû¡
Ƹŷģǵſھŵһҩζʵ̫ҩһһڵιţТ˳
һԶỴ̈ףһ۽
̫ɫƸ˵ЦСѽ˵ʵ۸Ҹ£ֶ˵αذҲú²ǣŹٸָһŻ£ǾͲڲˡ
֪̫ڸʵɫ»ʺѡˣ԰˲ٹ빬ǻʺλֻһʣµľҪţ̫۵ȻЩĶԼЩļ֣ǵ̫ССˣȻҪģ˵·ϼľͲˡֵڻ£ҲǿŤĹϲҲöԷԸǡ
ҲƸһֱûг׵ԭи̫Ĺùã˵ЩҲû취ɻ飬ҪˣԼҲϣԼĶҸͶϵģҪҸŵԣҲԸּ̫ܲǶԷԸġ
ˣŵԵ˼ң˭ԸŮ޸һǴһ⣬ԼС檶ҪȾָˣ
̫ҲͲˣǺ⣬˲Ը⣬Ҳû˼ˣеƸ
Сߡ
ƸǸģʮʵιҩʱ򣬺üζˣԼӹôñ
ʵ۵Ҳ͸أƸ
ƸɣᣬιҩҲʮ̫⣬źҩСãɱȻʵǿˣղŲҩιҲȥ
Ҫ֮ˣС£ҾˣҵʮϲźĸƸķе
̫Цϣۡ
Ҳ֣ƸʲôãƫƫڣվͱĻԾһʱ˵˵ЦЦһ̫ˣ˳
ʵ۳ʱ򿴵Ƹ쳤˲ſڵô£֮æĽŲմصģӵ๫񣬻ҪΪչ̫󣬻Ϊŵˣ̫һͽš
ַû°ɣ
ʵɫһݣʵʲô
£ôڷңƸڲԾ˵һѾֺôˣ֮ǰҲ˵Ҳ£ƫƫڱԺʱ˸ ҵߣǲǹģ
Աһ֪ˣסˡ ΰڹȥƸ˵£ַĲȣҰˡ
ȣãǸ߿үˡ


27 
, ûɢȥɽ۾, ЬӾȥţȴЩ, һģƫ˯, ˭ѽ
⴫һϤ, Ųѽ
ү
ɽһӾ˾, ֽĿ, ȻƸվ, һɫ, ǱȴҪ, Ӣˡ
, Ǻÿź溰, ӣ㿴˭ˣȥƷûϽȥͨ¡
ɽҵĿƸҲܸˣ׼ȥû
Ƹȴ, ɲҪȥַ, ̫, ҾǸ, ʵǵǡ, һϻӾ, ԺĹǷˡֵֻСᣬʵЩӣζųǻ
ɽҵ̲סЦÿƷˣԻʲôѵģԣ֪ȻǸˣһ׼׵ˡ
Ҿ
Ƹ뵽ζ¿ˮŸߣ˷䣬Ѿȥҹʵû˯þҪ±ʵ۰·غ֪ҲΪˣ
Ƹ֮ǰʵǿɵһɵӣΪû˲ǣ
ǰǵﲻ̫ĹϵڷѾ˾УҲûʲô˼ɵˣڶ̫˾ԺĶӪ
ʵʲôߣ
ƸԽԽǸˣڷģųԻ飬ܿ˯˹ȥ
һѾˣҴҵ𴲣뻹ȥ˸裬ϴͷһʱųŵʱѾǰˣҹɫĵĽ٣Ҳǰ󱳣ϲĻͲˣøӶԸ⣬ôš
Ϊ̫ˣҲҹߵеͷΣߵ·ϣƸֻǰһ˲ͷڣǰպˣһСײǰŮӣŮ̲ס
ƸһǸĺСѾߣŵɫףǺµӣܣԺ˱٣ͻȻðһײԼȷʵЩ£Ͼ͵¡ Բסˣˡ
Ƹһ˵Ůӽеĸˡ
ӺˣиȻӣĸϸòĿȴ䣬ܴݣŲǲģСѾ߿ŮӣȻиͽӣūˡ
Ҳǻˣġһֱ˵ԼүʱٶԱ˵Լ̫ãһǾסڸģ¶ˣĿǰᡭ ֻ⣬Ҫ˵ݣʵɫǣ
Ƹһξ˺Щ
СѾ߼ˣƸһˣʱ˵ʲôǹģģȻ·ôôƫƫײңϹĸŮһģ߯Ҫ
ƸСѾδ̫ˣҪ˵Ůȴָָؿڣ˵Ȼ̫ңĻ׹ݣŷ߻ǫѷûһӣĸ߻
Ƹըˣ⼸ŮӾûһģȻԼĸĸˮ˵Լ飬Ư顭 ıŮ˻ƯֲĴ˵Ůˡ
ǵƸ˳ŮָķؿڣһӾˣԭղûϵãɿ֮󣬽ھʹһ룬Ȼ棬·볨ҹȷʵ˺¡
ƸæתӣѣϵתӣĳĵʵǶԲסˡ
Ůɫ΢£漴̽ʵ˵ģү
Ƹһʱסû뵽ŮϬʱ򲻳ƺֲãǡ
ŮӺһȻˡ
ʲôйȻˣ
ŮӵûʲôȻᣬҲ˲ǣ¾ûзɡСѾߣֱߡ
Ƹֻñһֲ֪ηйղǸŮӲмıܣƲֵȥ
ֱԺӣͿϤݣһ㣬ïЦ˵˵үˣҶܸˡ漴ϵװ֮ǰɽҵ˵žۣˣӢģ
ʲôѵģ´ξʹž۹Ƹï˵ʮֵУ̲סţѾߣϲѽղŮӻѾߣĿǷˡ
ˣүȥˣȻҲһͬˣǲߣҲûʵʳˡͻȻ俴ôõ⣬˵˼
ϲ飬͵Ϊ׬ǮһһΪƲѣȴС
гƬȻƣζͿԳˣ˿ƺõƬʱ䲻̫ãƬûѪɫʱˮյĲͿװˣǵ㾦֮ʣһɫϷۡ
ˣʲôô㣬ϴŵʱҲһЩʵǶءïˣһֱʮϧϡ
пȻǰںݵʱи˵ǿȥʪϣʱû⣬һެĳӣտĵϣʱһڣǾΪˣֻǺܹ󣬾ôһʮӡ
ô󣿡ïǳԾʹ˵ϴŵʱ򣬷ҷţҾͷһס
̲סЦˡ
ƸǳŻģȵʱһӾͱ۷ˣⱾۣϴ˿ζԽ㣬ƬУ۵ĶҪ̫׽һӾͻˣһζ
Ϻ۵һγ˼ΪζζҸƺҪһ㡣
ʲôζϤƸһڣֵǰȥߵʱԵûôóԡ
ǽпϣҲ˶ϲģǡúүĿζˡƸϲҲǸˡ
Ƹһ׷ȻмϲԵĽˣƵĽ˶ԳˣڵݲˣĺЩζཷÿһܿɿڡ
㷹֮Ƹǻһ㣬˵оǻšƸãٲҪһģʯްɣ
ʱǳҲû̫Ŀ־壬ǻûü¾ͱԺƵһԣ֮Ҳ˹ȥ ķֲָҶǸļµ
ֻǸͬ꼻һ֣һ컵Ρ
һ̫ڸʵۿĻǰĺȻκ䡣
˵ҪȥɢģҲûţֻһת۾ҪˣǲҲؿǷˣָ̫Ļׯֹǵ壬ǸصģܳŵԺȻǱµĺð֣̫ˣǲֻϴξ˸ģҲǡ ҹҲԲ̬ǸϲĹȻׯȴһ̥ӡ
ʵֻۻϳкǲϲһȤӣĸЩԺɡ
̫ҲãýŮˣʺȥ֮û˰ɣǲǡ ǺǸ͵̥ĸҲĺܾãҪǰǣ岻ҪȥҪݵģ̫ҽпϺЩ£ĲκõģҪɣ
ʵ۵ɫʱͲÿˣĸ˵ʲôѽû


28 
ΪβŮӣ̫ʵ
ʵۿЦ, ʵûǸ˼
в̫ն˵Ҫ׽ŮӾ, ڹyuξû뷨
ʵ, 
ܾĵģµİ˸Ҳƺ޵ķΧϻ۵صı, ּĬ
̫Żʵ, ĿϬĺܴ͸ģʵȴ˿, ̫
ĸ󡭡
ʵ۵żְ, һ, ̫̾һ, , , ĸҲǵ㡣
ʵ۵, ĸСʱó裬ѣ޶˵޺úö, ܱܱȥ, ޾ûе, ֲ;, ҹһֱ, ÿθ, ǶԴûи̫˵츳ѵãǱ󵽵˶ٿ๦֪ġٺ˵ҵĹãȻϲӣ˵ʣҲˡ  ʺҲǣ˵Ҳûзԡ
̫Ȼ֪ʵ۴Сڳ˵Ķ£˭Ըۣ
Ӧ֮ӵĻ̫ȴѧ˿ɫСУֻΪĲȶѡ
ʵۿĵ˵ĸ޴СûΥһΣѾʮˣҲǸˣԼһɡ
̫ʵ˵һʱЩΣ죬ȴǲ֪˵ʲôʵȻԣȴһֱʮ£ͷ⣬ȻǲĻʵ㰧
̫ɫʵֵĸʱУ޾ûжӵĪҪǿˡ
⻰һһӾ̫󼤶
Ҳţ̫󱻻ʵ۵Ļĺ۾ƾʲôһǸ˻ڸ϶
ĸ󣡡
ʵǰסļ򣬵ĸѾˣҲˣ⹬Ͷӣڵˣ޻Ụġ
ʵĻ̫󽥽侲ĴסԼĿ⣬ֻǲûʵۿ˺Ŀ⣬ĿԼ
ˣ˵öԡ
˶Ĭ̫ڻЭСҲ˲ٿ࣬׹ڣĸҲˡ
ʱ̫֮Ѿҩ˯ˣʵŵĸᣣ֮ǰ̲ס˯е̫̼ǵСʱ̫ҲʮֶׯģֻǺѹԽԽΪˣװҪ𲻹ܹһǰ뱲ӣںȴԸˡ
ʵ۴ȥ԰ߡ
ҹĻ٣Ȱĸڻʵۺ棬ߵ˺ߣʵͻȻʵʱۿ𣿡
ȵūδʬס
ʵɫûĻ
ⲻܣʶ˵̫޵ҧгݣǲġ
ʵȴȥúò飬û
ȵּ
Żص޹ʵۻѣһڲˮȥ鷿ۣ鶼Ѿڸ׵ˣʵȴҪĿһ顣
æҹʵ£ҹҪõʲôзΣݽһзз౥ʺŷз˵ñ³ʡ
зʵжֻţȥƣȳһ͵ַ˴
͵͵ۻʵۣʵ£ūȥţַҪ£ūҪô˵
ʵ̫һʱû취ˣ̾һ͹ȥˡ
***
⼸Щͷۣԭ˵þһģͽȴ˵⽥Ҫ⡣
ջصʳģϾӵλûǳĺʣ˵Լĵ濪Űģǿźˣӵ˾׬Ķ࣬۵ģҪҲ鷳¡
һԸճ׵֣շǳׯݷõʱ򻹴һƥ³ĺ񣬵ʱҲֻ࣬һԣû뵽Ȼάȥ˵֣޵ϡ
Ѱ˵ᣬֹҲʮֵºͣ˺ĸоһʺ⡣
Ҳ÷˸͵ˣҪǸʮ˵¶ЩεɫˣʵʮӸʲôͲֵһᣬæһҲջ˱󲻶࣬ʮѾǼˡ
֪ׯⲻ֣Ϸǵһǿˣ˭֪Ȼάϵ
ϳϿҵɫһֱΪŶ˵֣ޣȴǽİһʱʱνͬҲ˰ɣȻЩĽǰںݸЩӪһ˳ģżҲҪ֪˶ǣȨƸ۵㣬
Ͼ˾ʮʮɡ
²ŷӦЦſһʱٸнۿһӾͺˣлˣԺǷһĶ顣
֣ǸģֻһĵлͲ˵ˡ
֮ǰïԼĽ˺ԼƵġ
֣޷ȴǲգï˵Ƿ˵ҪգǾͰĳͷҲûȥ
£ÿһ¿ʽĲϹ̲ס̾ï˵Ҫġ
ȻղˣȻҪˣïǻжӣɹһӣ
ï⼸ûнˣֲ١
̾ǿֻ޸ˣտʼȥӡ
ïһ뵽һһصıЩˣαҪӦǣ˵ֻһ꣬Ǹٵġ
ĪҪ˱˵Ĳ·οǷΨһķ롣
ïߵ˾ѡ
Цǻа취ӾˣǷȴǱ߾Ӫһ꣬ٻطͲһˣ꾰ãȻάסѾǺѵˣԺȻ󣬵ʱ򲻾Ϳøߵˣ
ïˣ˵ң⸮ʮֲūš
ïԹĿ⣬̲סЦššı˵õģǰôѶˣʱ򣬿Ǻ̫ˡֵôǻиׯӶ
ï˿˵ãԺ󲻻ңֻǲū澶ū澿Ҫģ
һֱԱ߸ѣ˰죬̲סšïĶ˵ʲô˵ˣӷ˲ǣģĲ֪һĶ໽еġ
Уïܳ⻰ȻڳЦ
Цſ˴֣ϰΪҪ˵洫ɽҵĻˣܹˡ
Ƚһ¨ȸָ¨˵үСģǱ߽зƣľأĸҲأһʮֻŵʱֱӰ¨ŵУֻھͳˣһ˾Ͳˡ
ȥüһһֻзںݸôҲͳԹһôģҪôͷзɶҪģ漴Ժģͷͦ󣬵ڸбϾСģŪЩзҲǷ˲ٲۡ
Ժ㣬ȻҶ˵һʱ˵ζ


29 
͸Ͷ, ӳյ£ϣ廨, ϸĴǰƷһͼ, ͸̫ĺ
Щ䶼ڼаΪľԼ幤, ĸ״СΪʦ, ¹๦һ˫Ѿǳĳڡ
ﲻڵ, д, ̫ҪҸϱ, ŮȻǱе֮һ, ݺ, ԳŮĳɫ, ʾĳ, ϾôһƷҪ꣬ɼġ
ֶŲˮƷ̲ס˵幤, ū澸˵, ⾩оûܱȵ
, ĪҪ, , 졣ֻеβסĽ
ʱ, Ѿܽ˵̫һзôһֻأϴ˷ܵЦݣɵĽ̫ܵʹͣǶ٣ǲ˵
˴ϲģ
ͽһͬȥľǳǳһˮպûзţֻзһһСȻֻֻȴ̫ĹƷȻͬ
ôСһ
ֵһһĸ˵ȥ׽סһֻзţ죬зģĸңǴһģõзҪϣľзĹƷзһҲûֻҪַȥЩеĹһֻܷͲˡ
̫ﲡлǹǿǡ ǿǿˡ
Ȼʮã̫䡣
Ҫô𣿡Ҳ˹ſһ۹Ʒз̲ס޵Թԣ˵зеļƷݣȻ󣬻Ҫ˵Ƿ˶ٹūǿ۽ˡ
Щһֱַܸ˵շÿʳ͹ò׵øóԵģȥַһͬòǡֵַ˳ղףҲ֪ô⿡
һԽִż˵Ҳз
ȴֵ˵ַ֣֮ǰôҲˣ֮ǰںְôûݵз
вҲСַˣǼȴֻЩСģҲһû취з̫зǲͬ
ǡ
Ȼû˵Ȼͬ˽ֵĻһ˴ֻзȥ˸ڣʱŵɽҵĶҲʮֵˣǷ˵ģĿɣǷзղŻ˵Ҫء
з
ɽҵ˵ѽܹģһӣʮֻǹзô˵أĸзصģ˵зߵѰзͬǳ
ĽŲһԶľĽ̲סʵɽҵģȷз
ƭܹܲ˵Ϲɡɽҵ˵Ż۽еľ裬зݵǺ棬ҲֱʣϾǿˣ͵ҪأʱΡ
մӾǻһӣȴûҵʵģλúʵģǮͲʣмǮģӵλȴãֻ̫СҪ¥ģһ¥ã¥¥Ҫż
֮ú˯һͻȻзѾˢɾ׼зԡ
ãﶢзѾһӾͿԳˣȥϴһȥӭ䡣
ԶԶľͿҲ֪ǲǴܾķɫһձһջҪϸۣһɫİɺ̶Ƶӣһ׵ȹ˵ʮֵؾǴȴƫƫԵ
ЦʱĿᣬֹжȣʮֵ
䲻òһ£Լᣬȴ˿òΪʱĳԳķ

ȻǿݣȴҲÿζԶǰ
մӾлһзٲˣҲ֪зҪԸ֣˾Ͳˡ˵Ż䲢ߣּĺѾϴˢɾողҪȥˡ
俴۽ֶŵľ裬̲סȷϵݽз
ףɽҵĸˣݵз
ЩӲ潭ľҲ˽˶úΣɫڣǲ
ûУз󣬱ϾټĹƷ
ȴܴ󷽵˵һʮֻأˡ
ʮֻ ľȴֻֻͻȻľȥˡ
һ͵⣬ȥҵȥһƣͷˣˡ
ֿľ裬ֿ䡭 ӲͷƤ˵ַˣյֻзһԣѾˡ
Ȼͼ򶨣Ȼβסɥ䣬һ뵽ղŵ̬Ȼ飬ĪЦȴסˣҪΣҲݵз
ҵ˵Ҫһصӣ˵ǣ̫ʹ͵أһһĸ ͦģǿССֻзֲԾС
ȴǿ̫ˣҪзԣֻǸղѾзҪ Σ
ɫȻʮֵϣ̨׸ĺͽֶ˵㣬͸˳Եģ⴦þǡ
˳зûãˣû㣬ū澿ʱء
ֻз˳ˢɾзƺзֱ޳ǲǻϰļüƤڰⶳзԡ
Ҳѧ˲٣仰Ѿ˼ūȻûз
࣬ǰϵ⻻зз⡣
ū֪ˡ
˵ִһ˵зԣ߸˵ľˣŲ㲻ңҲӳҡ
ܿܽһˣһƸ
Ƹ⴩һɫľۣϴδҾ˵뿴۵ӣӾӪ֮Ҳû·˴ҴҵĹˡ
˵ϺɫۣƤʵףŶ̽ƤĳѥԭʮƯӳĳӢˬ֮
ïѽү澫񣡡
ƸԼͷÿ𣿡
ÿѽïĿ޵
ƸȴǳȥҲЦŵͷүһʮֵӢˡ
ƸҲ֪Ϊʲôޣֻ˵ĲУЦԭʮֵòгʮ


30 
Ƹӳ, һײˣҪⲻǣſԷݶʱЩ, Ȼϴ·Ůӡ
ô⣿
ү
ƸŵɫһףҪ˵, үӳ߳һЩ졣
ü, ԴֳŪ, ү
ƸǺƵ, зƢʱ, ʱʮֵĲϲ, ôôù  Щƹˤ, ݱ¶ͱ¶, Ҵŵ, Ҳˡ
ֻԽ
Щ, δŮӣ޹˲ֻͬǲԸС
ԺмԼߺһ, һƸһ, һ, ɽȥź
Ѿз, һһĸ, ֻ, Ȼз٣ⶫܺҲɶԣЩзѾֺڸ˼ˡ
ĸззƣϲԹзз࣬ΪзƳЩӲзĶ࣬Ȳ˹зԡ
õʳľϵȵζҪ̫ļӹͱݵзֻҪһ¼ɣзζȻĸպ½׳ԣз㣬׵Ž˿ζڣֱޱȡ
ĸззƣззһҧȥһ֣ʡ ʵͷҪûˡ
ϲзǵһγԵô֮ǰԹĲˣҲзũģĹззһҧȥд룬ǻʱҪκεĵζϣһھǼ㡣
պѾҲˣľζʮֵĹˣһз⣬ںһСѾƣģžƾĴУˬﻹѵζʵ˼ζ
ȥ䣬зʢзԣзմȻܻζԶ԰ùԡ
ȻͬҪ˵ԱߴƸַˣ˵ǣôرۡ
Ϊмֻһ磬Է
ƸֵЩ˸Ͳʳֻϲڼӡ
Ȼ˵ˣƸǻȥˣҴݣҲԸĬҪʵᷳװģ̬
ҲǱˣǣܱЩˣϲƭǿ

⻹һμ˷ŭһֱԳֿݣ¶ʱƸԸͬһˣٻ˲ͷ
ʲôʱʼ̵ģ
ں棬Ҳ֪Ƹ˵ʲôзףз԰˿УǲʺòóԣΪ¶̬
һҲ䲻˵ƸǲǱз׳Ը
װûƸĻǶַˣԹȻࡣ
֮ǽϾһ㣬Բ˵
кЦܵĺӣҲû˵ʲôȻΪЩɣǴˣֲ˵ʲô
Թз֮󣬳зֻ쳢ֵȥү֪ԵĿɺá
Ҫ֮ˣȻûʲôģ˵үǳǼûԹһ㣬϶Եĺá
Ƹͦݵĸһģˡ
ǣүͦÿģŮһġ
аɣ⻰û˵ˡ
ƸԵľ㷹ʮ㣬ΨһȱǻиڳϾ翴΢һЩ
ʻϾ͵ַˣӣֵӶҼҵģһȥ˵˵Ҹˡ
̲ס࣬Ҫ֪˶֣ڶľֶ֣ģɼ
ƸĻϾ˵ʣҪô˵˵ҪһѣȻλѣ˭סںδҪν
ƸһӾͳĬҪĸ֪һŮûƤҪ˵ҪΪӣûϷ
ƸЩھΣһθоԼ
үл㣬ˡ˵Ȼڰοֵֻ㣬ȽʺϿʳ
ƸóԺˣʱ͸˵У
˵ڴͱǵɰƸĹǺ˼û˵ʲôʵǲ˵ʲôֻס
ͷۣͲӦðһ𣬺ƸȷʵóʺϿʳλö˵ˡ
˷ɫڣƸҲȺ뿪ˡ
Ƹȳţȴһֱ·ϵ䣬ʹ˹ȥһϣʵûʲôɫʵΪβҴң
һϣҲ˺ǲαװԾֱˣƸ֮⣬ȻʹĻش
ݺʲôϵ˵ˡ
ƸȻϲ̬ȣ֪ԸˮҲˡ
***
ӹúܲ˳Ǯﲡˣûָе飬һжģջ𣬾͸ɴͰᵽ˸סڸ󲻵һ꣬ҪҲ˳ˡ
˷֪֮ίе״ùҪý͹˼ϢϢأ˷ҪǸ˵һ£ʱȢ˸˼Ů͸ιˡ
λûûȣҪ˴֣ʱӦĻȥʱ䣬Ҷ£ȢĴ֮ŮǺ¡
Ҳ֪ô¹ᵽʵ̫ˣڸЩϼһǶѵĸ֣ǰȥȴǲֻܲö׸Ϊף¾
ֻϧѲ°ʮƯЩҲԽԽǾõ⣬һ죬Ǹλáʱ򿴿Щ˻ҲҸɫ
ЩҪ۾С˯һͻȻͿһӰһ𣬶ų򺰵ͣ
ˣ£
󼱴ҴҵһǸȴǲˣ˲ûӦ̴ӵĻͳǰ׷ȥ
ӸߣӴ󣬺ܿͿǸӰֻǾʮԶľͻȻͣʱҪ˵ʲô
ߴŮӺŮĶԻˣΣ
С˵˷ɫãɫǺʲˡ
̲ס֮ԱǣЩ̷Ϊ׬ǮɵǺڵҲ˵ɰ׵ģǰķɫȻǼõģճǻԳƵϵĴƣǺͲˣС֮Ϳʼưߣٺǲ˺һҲڲסһȾ˲ƥԽԽû
ԭŮӲǱпӵŮï
⻰Цʹʲôɫ߰ɡ
Ϸˣ˵ʲôʮ˻ʮţ⻹û˫ʮľѾ˵ʲôˣͶ˭ȥ̷µ
ʮˣ
ЩЦ޸ԼʱʮѾȥʮ꣬Ƕʮ꣬͹绨ꡣ
ϰͦ۹ġïлǸˣ˵Ϳʼ׼
Լħˣ񲻹һֳޣѰ֮ǰһʱŭҪãһ˹ɽбԺûκʧȥ˵ͷΣû˷Ҳûķ⣬Ƕôң
һأ
ȻǸõӰ죬ºòѹȥȴֱ˿޿
ʱҪô죿
ΪȻҪɻģϾ˿һͻ֪˵ޣԼǸʹòҲûķ
ĿԽԽ䣬ת׼ˣʱӸպ׷˹ˣôͻȻ漴ǿʲôȵ飬ˣ
ӲǱĭ
Ը磿ïϲĺĭСͯȻïʮϤïĭɶʮҪõСá
ĭçײòͷҲ˹һҪ һʱ̫̫󣬻εͷĿѣ
һɫ֯ȹŸղ̯λĺɫӣӵ̷˵һ㣬еѩ
ķɫˣ
һֱĿɻҲǾޡ
ϵʮŲųɵףȻҪѣȴ۸ڶҪŮòҪ飬޸ǲ٣֧顣
ʮͿţҲټˣҲû˸˵ýԷò󣬾Ŀʶֻ߼ױ̫١
ý˸˵ýʱȻϣּҲӦͷޣЩϲֳֻּ̼࿴ʱһӾͿ ʮһ京ŵ滨ף飬̸ֹʮֵ󷽣һӾ׽סġ
ڵͺǰڵ񻣬ֹ£ϸһ˵ĳɶһʱƲĿ


31 
Ľֵ, ·˶ģ۾ֻõһŸɬķ, ôˣ
ڴҲڿ, ࣬۾ﻹźѪ˿Ȼæķʳ  ʮ, ̫˽, ֻҪǿʼ¾ͻʮֵͶƴҲԭ, б²˵Ŭ
ʹ, ȻӢ, ֻǵմȾƣ, ʼ, , վһ, Ƿޣĸһġ
ȴǷˣվҲ֪ԼģԴϵĻư߳ʧ֪֮žӿ˶á Ϊʵ̫, ָ˷ɫ֮, ֻԵú˯, ûǳ, Ŀº, ǳЦ, ˿žࡣ
ղ̷ȷʵЩţԵᵹԡ
վһȴǷ˹۵ĵŮ
ֹˮ˿ǽѾˣΣʹûκεĹϸˡ
Ļüû뵽ı仯ôǵҹҽǶĻư޲ߵģôͺˣ
ҲҵĹ
Ŀųȴƽ񲻹˵һѰ飬ֽ֣ǿԼдģ˵˵īѵãȴǵһ飬ҪҪóƣʡ˼Բãǡ
ɫЩѿĻ顭 ô۵еĮ
վסü̲סŭ
ڰʹڵʱλϻȥƷͷ㣿ЦһˣĪȥ״㡣
ʲôû
͸һ˵ϷŮӣͻȻһ˵һᣬӦ岻ʲôѵýȻʹŭζ
һ˸òŮӡ  ӣ˭
ȻϵˣΨʶƸΪƸ⼸һֱ棬ҼǰûйְΪԸἰСӣϾֵôǡ
ɫ࣬ͺɷ򿴵ӳһ㣬ͺ˭
Ƹ֪Ҫ֮һֱպýվҪ͵˻ؼңҲûжʾʹİ¸ˡ
ȻһֱͣģǵѾˣΪ֮ǰԼ⸽Ծֱӹˡ
˭֪˶壬һʱܹŷ˶Ի˸ղΪͷĻ
ˣ˭ƾʲôҪ֪㣿
㡭˵Ƹݣֻ߿ƸıŮ˻ҪƯʮֵĴۣվ̲סˣŵĺȻ˸С

Ƹ
ƸĿιȥˣıȽϺÿɴûùŮ˵ǮôСˣһʱˣҿɲ㣬Ů˵Ǯٷ֮ȴ㿷֮ޣǸ֮ˣҿɶǻԼǮ
Ƹ⻰ȴǡ˵һֱԸԵ飬нգһԭں治֧֣ûк֮ǣһڶ;ϡ
⻰˵һһġ
˵⹦򣬽˹Ȼ뿴֣ԸⱻΧۣˣߵشҹҵĶľţԺɣξˣ´Ҫپû꣬ȻǸ״Ҳϧ
˹ǰϧԼѹһȥ˵
ÿ
ƱҪ˵ ףңĶϻۣЩŵȻһƣᣬǷŭʱҲʧȥǣִˣ
һǲţһĿĮ
ջ֣ˣء
βһʱһƣһʼҲģû뵽ԼҲˣǿգȻʹĲС
ֻǲԸڴˣͷߡ
Ҫ׷ȥȴƸסʾһȻһЩȴҲмּơ
ǰƵǺܴΪϾΧ£ȻżȴҲֻ̫ĿԶ
סߣ뿪Ⱥȴײģߵķȥ˻ûԶҲ֪Ƹ˵ʲôͰеĵĺӣһģ⶯۾
ݺݵսȭͷԱĭҲסˣһŵˣҪСĺ˽η
⻰û˵Ϳһ˹ȥֻߵĭֱӹ˵ϣ󣬺޺޵˵ûõĶ
***
Ƹһ·˵ǹ£㿴δݣϾʮĽᷢޣ޶ԣ»ĵİɡ
ֻ뵽;ﲻ˴ò̸ֹûһ˳۵ġ
˵ŮӰѵ£ƾŽᷢĸҲúõοôõһŮӡ
Ƹֻʲô¶зѿ
һһǸïʵҲ˵ǵһοˣȻһƴʮʹ죬Ҳǿγףηͬߵġ
һ⽰ɡ
ïЩ֣͹緹ķ㣬֮ǰȥһҾбȽϳľ¥ǵԣ⼸һֱ㣬ܣȥҵζ
Ǽҵƾ⽣ζܺã޵ҲڣӦǳԱģλҪ⽣
һҪïһƸΪ˱ӣһλ
ǵһ΢ֵ긾ˣһɫѣͷú첼ͷţ⽵Ķˮֿ䡣
λˣõʲô
ָָƸ⽣λӵ롣ּ˾䣬һӡ
ϡ
ϰߺƸʵַˣïǲԣ
ǳԹˡ
ƸŷģһʱЩȻôҶˡ
үʱ򣬶ô
ƸһӾͺˣǷ˵ȵüûгš
үæѾǸмλŶӣЦһԵĲˮƸһˮ
ƸӯӯЦţչ⣬ɷһʱֻЩ٣ղŵ˵ˣֵΪС
ȴǶܵҲǣ˵ſƸïɫȴ̹ȻտʼЩģһƾ;ʹĲС
Ƹƨúã
ï
үղŶл㣬ݶġ
Ƹһ죬Ҳûʲôѽ
˵˾ͺˣïƸνŷ
ϰﶯܿ죬һӾͶڵ⽣һл˵һͣɫ͵Ĵ˿žͽʳָ󶯡
ƸǶҲˣһھ̲סͣ⽡
ʵô
ʵǺóԣַҲζ
һȡһ˫¿ӣƸһ⽳ҧһڣƤһ㣬ԶûǼҾ¥Եᱡڶȴһڶĵزҧȥʮֵ㡣
ų꣬˵ʱϰң⽸óԣڶǲƵģ
ϰǮܶ࣬⽵ļǮʱЦеģ֪ôİɣʵҲ֪
ʵһʣϾǵҳԷĶȻ֪ϰô˵Щ죬Ȼ档
ȻϰϾ͵ΪڶģסǼҸڵȳģҸʳĹȥڶϣҽǵȥȡˣһô࣬ûˡ
Ƹ֣ǸҾ¥ģҲ˵Ĵ˰ɣ
ԣҲ֪ô˵һı£ȴƫƫ˺󡭡 ҲǣиŮԽ˵ʲôвŮŮˡϰҲϲĵģһʣʳ
⽣һ£˲ˮ˶ƽ˸ղźִ
ƸһϤ˺üӣȴȻûкʵģط˶࣬⣬ӣֺˣʣµľЩҪôҪôǸӣӪģֻҪһԸͷôȻⲻˡ
˵Ҳûҵʵģھǵ½ָҲʮַĵضΣƳϣܵĽ̶˵
ߣǡõ̯ǰ棬պõĵ㣬ͺϰ׼Ƶ⽣ϰȴ¶ǸɫԲסˣڶˣҪҼڶģ
ֻûģֻǳԶûĺóԣȻʣࡣ
˵ʱϰԵЩ˼ڶģϧûˣҪһǮˡ
ȻϣС⣬αΪѣȫˣϰǸˣûпˣͺ˼䣬ŮڣǺͷһͬ۵Ƶ𣿡ִ˵๫Ŀ濡Σ˵ʲôţԣò˰˵ľġ
Ƹһֱ˵ÿһξȻúܸˡ
ȴλӿɲҵķ
ϰ¶εɫ ҿˡ
еԽԽ࣬ܶˣƸҵˣŮڣ¿˵ƻᣬʮֵ׳ۣȻˣȥƿɡֵҼǵǰи贮̯ӣζʮûԺãȥԼ
ûǵŮڣȻʮָȤ͸Ƹ¹ȥ·ԽԽ࣬ͣͣģʱû£ֵܽ˺Զи˻߹г˵е״ĵƣֻӵƣӳǲͬĵƹ⣬ɾҲѰȻһϤ
ַˣȻ˵ĲǱסڵ䣬Ůڣѵеƻɿͳˡ
̬ģе֣žͲദǶȴǱȽȻҲȴкˣƸĻ⵹ôǳ̵Եʣʱ꣬ûסЦ˰졣
ãһɡЦ˵
ƸϾͲ˵˵УҲҪ
Ǻǣ˭ϡһ

ĽǰţƸں档
ΪƸӣһҲһ˵ľ룬ļͳģҲƸ
ڵ£ɽ˺ģȻͿǸ޴ĺͷԶɽΪңԶԵģģģˮ˶Ĺƣӳյ硣
Ҳ֪˭һ䣬ǮˣһȺ˾ͻȻ˹ȥײͷۻģźòױܿȴǷֺƸɢˡ
֮ǰɢ˵һҲˣҾſڵš
ïүͿǱȥˡ
ɫѾˣȹ䣬һȾˡʵĲ뿴ڳˣԿۡ
һ·߳ԳԣƣûˣҲ⣬ïһʼ·̯ԣ˼ξͷˣǸعϸû죬ǸôûԵһζ
ïţ̲סЦ
ߵһͤӣܶƣʮֵƯȴͻȻͣïֵʵˣôˣ
ȴûһ㣬ǰ棬һȷһ㣬ȹ׷˹ȥ
ǰ˸ҪͤӣȴһŮ
ү
˻Ļعͷ֮ǰסڱԺԺ㡣


32 
ƸȺɢ, ʶľȥץסԵˣΪ˻ŶԷڱ, ú󱳶ȺֻΪ˵סĳ
ղȺӿʱ, ҲһʱȴǱƸ˻һֱƲƸ, һеıŮӻҪƯ˵, ˵ҲģҪж֮ĵ, ǻѵг
һ, ䷢, Ƹ, ͻȻһ, ס౻ˡ
·Ϸ˻, յܵƹ, £ƸĿõĲһš һʱ
һȺɢˣƸ֮һ, Ȼ
Ǳ̵һ, ݺݵ˦˦Լչ, ģ, Ҳҧ, û㡭 ˵ʲô, ȻɫƦӡ
ûģΪ˻㣿
ûмͣ˭Ҳãһһҵţһһģ
һ͵м䣬ž޴Ĺƣ˶  һʮĴԪ
СЦĺϲ£죬䵽һǩ
Ƹ㵹ûʲôȤԹżͭǮȤղžͭǮ˷ӿֵֿ
߹˾ͽ
ⲻС
Ƹһ̧ͷͿ̫һɫֲ϶ԽӣźɫèʯĨǲ۵װ͸ΧЩûʲôֻϸһ߸֣Ů滹Ժ
̫󿴵ƸǸˣϸ˰죬ţһͦãŵǾ˲٣̵Ĵ󽫾ˡ
һţûסЦ壬󽫾紫ǰ㣬̫۰ֶӣôǽԿĸһġ
Ƹ˵ĲУǰͲ̫ʵùãôˣҹе䣬ˡ˵ȥ׽̫֣һ档
ֿ̫˻ֵƼûǼСǻ˵ģҲ֪˭ҹи޸С
  Ϸˡҵ˼϶̫
̫Ϳ䣬ûоȣЦ˵ͷҲ֣
ʹЩ΢ʵ΢¾ˣһ޵Ĺ㣬̫еĻʺѡҹûиͬ³ţôƸȻûм˽̸ôǲʡ
ȴܴݣ֮ǰĸ׾ͽµӹ飬ŮڵʱһҪȥݡ ִż־ϲ˵հݵʱ򣬻ǩ
Ůʵбƽӽڣӹ
һԵƸ̲סֻ̣ҪǮǩ˭֪⻰ȴ̫⣬Ŀʱ࣬ĸˡ
Ϸˣɡ
úӣ̫ûоܾˣƸȻͷſ֣ϾŮбһһҵķ̫Ե̫ˡ
Ƹ̫֪ʵҲˣʵùãǲҲˣʵ۰ƼҵУǰʵȥʱΪȵɣ˲ֱ˵ԼݣͰƼҵ򣬳Լӣö̫֮Ҳ֪ƺ
ٺ棬ʱ򣬾ֱӳƺˡ
ʵۣ̫̲ס¶Ц⺢Ҳǣ֪ϲǰǼ贮Ҫ
ҲϲǼңǺˡ
Ҳ˰죬ʳᵽߵǸͤȥˣţԼȥˡ
Ƹˣ룬Թɫ˵ǰ̫ø⿪ģֻǵʹˣһҲЩۣ׼Ȼȥˡ
ƸԸµҪȥһʵۣǹɵҪ̫ؽֿ֮ǰ̫ԶûԻƸͻȻǹİɣ
Ҳ֪ү˵ʲôɫ糣
Ƹ棬ʱ֪ǼٻȴҲľܾѣǸɵӣοһ˵ʱ򣬾ͻԽľ裬ɶǾİŹģǡҸղǵǳȥġ 뻤ţȴ䡣
޸£
ü۶ûжһ£Ƹ˸׼̫ˣȴƸֲһ䣬˽£ϲġ
⻰ȻȵʹĿ䣬үַҲϲֳƯȴһǴˡ
ҹ󣬴䶼Ʈ׷̫ȥߵһȴժ£̲סһƸǸɵӣùʵ۲ϲôֻҪ̫ϲֻҪ»ʳӣ͹ˣٷ޲ྴĹһӣ
ֲЩûӵˣ֮飬˵ĲӼ˹¡
̫ߺƸҲվ˰죬ﷴĻĻϲַˡ ϲ
̲סȥ룬Ҫ׽ҪΪκ飬ֻҪľ;ú㣬ϲ
***
ͤԺš  ȴ˭û˵ûʱƺ໰Ҫˣ־ʲôǶġ
ͻȻ䣬ԺԱߵһյ˸ߵӵƱˣһӾյһ㣬ԺһЩ̲ס˵үЩӶûкú𣿡
Ժ㶢һɫĽСˮɫİٻȹѵô˸ٱСͷڣȥ˻ư֮׵ļԵñͳڵԽ¿ СƣԳϸ֫ԽԵ񻣬ȶˡ
Ժ㲻ԾҶУʱĴʵĽļ¡
ĸײˣһֱ̼ûʲôθڡ
⻰ĵʵϷﲻǿˣ
㲻õģֻ˾ţת˵纮ҩѾûˡԺһ㣬ʮ˵
һʱ˹Ҳһֱռ·ԾؾͲһԺи̯ӣõɽ㣬ȥǣִãҴȥԡ
ͤȻһ̯λһȳȵͷӣ̯λһӣ̿Ա߷һľƣдĵǺܹдŶһ
żȻԺ㶼˵óԣζ϶ֶ࣬ٲҪŶ˭֪ûˣȥǼ۸Ͷˡ
Ѱ˼һҲˡ
ԺҶҪˡ
̷ȴǵֻʣ¶ˣһӡ
ԺһȻʣµһݸϲĺܺóԣԡ
лүӹ裬˵ֲСȻʱ˻ֻĵط˻һ̣ŪĶ
˳·һֱǰߣΪʱ̫Ůڿˣ˽·ߵĻҲϨ١
һ裬ζ ܾúϤۣ֭ˮϸֵǳĺóԣ·ѾЩˡ
ֻܾڿ̧ͷԺĿЦĿӳܵĵƹ⣬ͷ
ûסһӾͺˣүҲһܺóԡŷ֣һһţڶűԼҧһǣġ
û˵ͿԺͷҧסԹһţ촽ǰŴ󣬾ͺǵʱ򡭡ôҲ֪Ժ촽Ǵж


33 
ˮɫ, Ϊһϣƹ⽥ʵĹʱˮӳ֮, ƻõĸо
Ժ㿴ϵĺΣǱһȾ, ֱʤա
ɺã
ԺĻʱҶԼȻɬ, ̵, Ŀй⣬Ժ㿴еɫʱǳҪĿҫ, ˻ϲ
á, ȴʮʹ˵
Ժ̲סЦ, ЦҪ, ס, һ·С, ɫԾ, 紵ڶߡ ԺˬԴԴϵİ¶ȴݵϣһʱЩ㱣Ȼϣһ·ûоͷ
ڵ˴ԺһϷ, ＾, Ѿݻ˵ĻɫĹʵ, ÿα, Ȧ, һ
ܵļ, ˶ЩǻûԺͰѹ£ȥԺϵıȻϤζ
һ˲ŷֿԺȥĿ٣촽ףֻкǱȼһѻյѪڵģһʱûס˹ȥ
ҹɫµĵѾϨ߰˰ˣ·ϼˣԺȴǲš ʱ˵˵ɽеȤ£ֻԺὲһЩճ飬Ǵʱ˶Ĭţֻǲģ۶ܰ
ֻϣһ·һ·죬ûоͷĵĹסԺ֣Ժ£ֻǺܿЦŻ˹ȥ
СʱϲŮˡ
Ժһмֱ֣ʵΪʲô
ֻŮԳȥƣܳԵŴ׶ɳ⣬һģŴƤϸ壬ɳڶڣÿĸ׶ԡ
СʱҲǣֻǾͳһΣϲߵ衭 
˵⹦򣬾ߵµſڣߵжչоͷ
ĬһԺɫˣܹȥ
ͷˣȻ֪ʵ۲Ѿʲôʱˣұ˵Ǹ̫ġ֮ͺһŻȥ̫ٲҪʱҲ֪Ӧȥ
үٲȥϷ˸żˡ
ԺŻع׼ˣ˲ķſ˴˽յֻ֣Ժ㿴͵͵קס䣬ϸ׵ָŲɫ½ǣһġ ķſ
ʲôû˵ȴԺЩ˵ۺͲᡣ
һȥ
΢ŵĵ˵ͷתҲ
סķ෴ģŮһĳȫ쿪ŵģƽʱѾصˣȻˣȻԻȥ
ԺȥҲûоܾ
žһſڵһյҲϨˣͻȻͰΨϵƻм⣬Ժϣÿӿ棬ֻǵ˰죬ҲûЩʧĿŵԽԽߣ󲻼Ӱ
Ժص˹ȥ̫Ѿ˯ˣֵ˱ãһֱҹ̫ܲסȻˡ
֣ĸˣ
Ժմ̫ˣ˭֪һʱеļƻ
ֵ̫ôµﲻ̹չ̫ţһǡ
ʵۺΣˡ
ǿŻʵ۳ģѰĹ˲ͬҲֻ˵ֻˡ
صڵϴ£˴ʵȴǷȥ˯ţקģϸЩָͷһֱз֡
תеıֱϣ˿֪ļҪ˿Ͼͱ۾ȥ룬ֻһ۾ָͬ촽֪ȥζĽ˳
ʵйλʺ󣬵̫ģӲ㣬ʹû˵һ;Ŀڶȵġ
֮ǰһֱѹ룬ǽ֮󣬲еı˼ޣȴҲסˡ
Ѿ賿ˣϴȥ˯ˣȴֻʵ޵ڵĵƻţһʱЩ׼͵ſʵ£
ַ͵ˣڴʵΪҹԴְƵ
ǣū澿ַ˽Ժӣ¾Ͱİɡ
氲һõȻʵ˯ˣҪȥȴͻȻʵ˵û˵ʲô
ûС˵;òףϾͲַ˱ϾŮӣЩöū澽
ֹ˺һȵ£ްɣ춼ˡ
ʵû˵Ȼǲȥ˯ȻѾ۾ˣΪ̫̲סǷʱȴͻȻʵ˵׼

***
ϴ֮˴Ϊʵ̫ˣմͷ˯˹ȥֻ˯֮ƺʲô
󣬵ƶһֱ졣
۾һƣ漴ŵ۾󼱴Ҵҵ˹ȥ
ү
ҡ
ƿ˴ȻͿվԺ㣬¶ǰףǰԺյģһ°ɫԲ쳤ۣϵӭĹ⣬ȴȻʲ̤ƶ
ȴ٣ֻһɫ£Ϊ߶ϵɿˣ¶ɫǶŵģԲزֻԺڸġ
Ժ֮ǰ໰Ҫ˵Ǽ־ֻôžӡ
˸ԳĬһȴͻȻͶԺĻУס۶˵үҺܻϲ
ԺֻûĲһӱӺܰζ٣ĻǼ۹һ̵ġ
Ҳǣûϲ
̧ͷͷԺ㣬Ŀǹ˽ż˹ȥ
ǸɲһһȼϨˡ
ïŹǷ۾ȥˮֶŻص׼źϴſڿΪһû˯Ѫ˿ȡ
ܹܣôŲˣ
εЦţҺүǽ
ï˳ȵĿ⿴ڣΪȻЩ黹Զ׼ģүͷ
ȵͷïʱ;˵ˡ
ԺڸǺ֪һôľͻû׾;Щ֣Ƹ˵ûŮӣֻʱ򣬵ҲƻյĻ
Ϊ̫ƣܿ˯˹ȥʱѾˣһ۾ͿԺڴ߿ڳϴʱõĻӣů͸ԺӢͦϣİļӳĵļ͸ƽʱŵ촽ů⣬ữƽʱϽֻʣĿ顣
ˣ
Ժ㣬ԽԽǻϲһӾ˹ȥԺһʱû뵽պڴߣƵľҪˤȥ鼱¾Լ棬ôڵϽʵʵıס
˵һű᣶
һʯϣЩǱΪͲߣб컺壬ҲûˣҲ֪˭Ц  ںܿͳЦ
ʱ򣬿Ȱסǽ˯˹ȥïĵ廨ԼȺ˵ˣǸ ūȥ裬·ϸպһԷ˵ȥʱ֮ǰں׽صһֻ㣬ʾֱˡ
ï˵ŻȴʱʱԺ㡣
ϸ壬ζҲԡ˵žҪȥ뵽ԺһԣЦŵүïõϡɣȵһ棬ϳ衣
Ժȴһԡ
ïûˣϽֻĺԼһˮ
Թ˷ȥ˳Ѿɱˣȥֻ⣬õô⣬ó
һߣԺصԺϴԡΪ֮ǰסŲѣһɾĻϡ
Ъһͻˣֳ˷Ǿ񣬲ԵЩżüζֹԺϴ꣬ͷʱ̲סүܳϷ˸ǲ˰ɣ
Ժȴͼֵȥһˣ˵Ҫ裬ųٻȥ
ȣ
ǰʲôɫǻ裬ʲôӴ˾糯֮ģòǻӣԺǻ֮ûг飬ԻʺͺǿͿģྴ
һŮ˶ûǱ¿Ҫҵˣüһôַ˾ȫһˣ
һʼԼޣʵ˾ͻ˳˾ͻˣÿ˶һ˶ʱŰá
̲סï˵ʱǶӵĹԼ˲֪жѡ
ִĹ̸ӶõóɴҪΪϸ壬ӰСɸ
֮Уζнˮȥʣճʼһ衣˽ֶˣã֮ץԲΣˮˡ
ãһڣˬʮֵȻĲ
ïȥ˵һ«ʣг˿һ«Ũ֭Ũףۣˬ㣬ʺ＾ȥ
ְʣµ贮֭źƬ«ʿ飬ᣬһͬζӾͿԳˣʱ̫ҲãϾ̫Ҳû취¿ڣ豾ǺóԣζӾˣʮֵ·
ï˵ï⹦͵һ衣
ֱЦãô˰ˡ
ïȻЦʵ̫óˣˣԺҲɡ
ȴҡͷ˵̫鷳ˣǮ
ַʹôһ裬ҪȥǮǮ˲׬ǮȥǻʣǮͶԼ⣬ûǮ͵ͷˢҶӣ֮ģҲǺóԵúܡ
ּҴҵ˹ɫܲãΪǰȾ˷纮һֱЪš
ˣģɫϾͲүˣ
ï˼֣Ҫҽ
ȴʮֵļ֣ĸȻ͵ĹϵȴҲԼһ۰Ȼͨ͸ͬ
Լһˮ˴һڣŲ˵ǣҿֲ̫ͬģôҺҲҪһ
һ㶣ū澲Ǹ˼
үûȢޣ˶ǣ޹ҵģǻ໶ϲôͲˣ
ֵļͷ󺹣ԭת˰죬ŵټޣûûֵӾǲ԰
ǣմǲݣ¥ǽзŮ˾԰ƾʲô
һʱҭ˵˵ֲԾ
֣һټ𣿡ʵҲףĸүһ𣬵ⱲӶˣʹɫˣҲ үǽ壬ҲֲҲŮӣûԺġ
ˡ
һĸףˣȲҪʣҲҪ˵ɫںǿЦΪʲôʹһ㣬лֱۣοүӢͦϸ΢һ㶼ǣ
۵ĳˣαԷƱūܡ
Ȼǧĺãȴô롣
һֱû˵ïͻȻˣүͦÿġ ȷʵǲǲ˵ף



34 
ü, ŭʲôףѾͷʲô˵óڣ
ïַŭ, Ҳûк£, үĿʣܳۼҵķⲻǳף
Ȼ⴫ɽ, ү, ôˣ
ïɫһףæųȥ, ͿԺĽнԶıӰ Ҫȥ, Щԥ, ʶľͻͷ, ʵǻеЦĳɷ, ˳˵лֱ˵, ֻΪ˻Ծ, Ͼֺͺֵ̫֮ˡˣүˣ
ķ²豭ȥѳ͹ȥ
ï
Ժɫ, ˴ҴҵĹ, ȴʲôԼһף
ĸں, Щʵ۲ֵ, Ҳʵ۶Ĳͬ, 治ǣ
ܹܣ
Ժ, ï׷һµĺ䵥ʳУ˫ȥǷ衣
ҲЩˣǿïһεģ˵ݻҪһߣ˭֪ôֻʵǲ񻰣
ï˵Ͼ˵ǰ͵͵˵Ƿһ裬޻óġ
ùʳУͷҲصľ׷Ժȥ
ʻķɿ죬ֻԺϣȴҲҳֻϣܾ쵽 һ뵽ص̫ȻҪʻͷ˵ֵģôⲻˡ
ɫڣǷ㣬ԶƮʳζȻũʼˣûûԺЩܣһȱŸʳУʵʲô
ַ衣
Ժˣ
ȴЩᣬүûأūġ
Ժ㱳˹ȥߵֿȣֻʱţȴԽԽˣʳﴫ
ǻԹɫԺɫɶүζģ
Ժû˵ȾͶˣʳзڵķϣ˸ӡ
ζ裬һι֭裬һ«װ໨ɵŻµģ·ЩһЩ
ʳеİһ˫Ӻףøɾ˲ݸʵ˵£ȵһɡ
Ժʾȷһԣ贮ԣۣ۵Ĳ˼飬ֻǵϸֺܾе֭ζӦûǼ˿Ȼγ˶صζ쳣񫡣
Ȼʶĳգʵ裬Ҳ֪Ȼʮζģûס¿ˮ
ʵۼ״ûϢˣǵݸһ裬Ҳɡ
лͽ裬ӣһūȻǲڻʵǰԵģųһڣʱ;ʮֹ񫡣
ʵ۳;ð뱥ˣζĺ󾢶ЩֻģʵֶѺһڣˬ«ζһӾͳ˿ζڶڻָζͷƷζ
ʱ⿵ȻҪǳԵ˳ҲҪԺ;ĲУֳԷպʮֵĴ䡣
ʵ۳֮ǰԹǵſɿڵ¶ǣ־ȥ࡭ ̲סԼݣ޵ûһ컹ܿ췹ԡ
ȣ
˹ֱ̫ȥˣ̫ڳ𾭣ʵ۽ͷҲ̧ģһģ
***
ïڿ˱ɫ̹Ȼ̲ס˵ˣôһ仰˵үˣūǾʵЦѣһ˿Ǻã
ָָһԵ̨ī
ïֻīȴ˵үһԺ󶼲ˡ
һʣ˴˱ϣˮһڣĻȻ𣬵ҲûҲãͷҲգҺǼ˵ĹϵֻǱ˴˻ϲͼһʹһ𣬵ҪǾòʹˣֺαǿ
ˡ
ͷ۵ķӲˡ
ïȴЩԺѹֲи׷ʵˡ һ㲻ģ
Ȼï׷ʵĲͷˣѱһεĿïô᲻ģͬ˵ȥת⣬һʱ岻һ˵ľʵһҪԣЩ¶ҪԼס˵⻰Ŀ⽥ðˣԼȫһϣΪŻѪϧ̤Լ壬أò󣬵ҵɸš  ˣΪԼţˣҲǸˣϾʹ졣
ïˣ϶᳤ģūһֱ
סï֣á
ת䣬ۿҪ붬ˣв˳ͷ£һʱҶԺѡ
ҵһӣλòǮ΢һ㣬ҲܽܣΨһ㣬ԷҪһԸ⼸ĥҪҪðա
ôӣһҪ˱ǿҪȥׯһˡ
ʱ򣬲̲ˣȻٲҪһҩïãϸϸģʳˮïˣҲ֪ΪҲˣУǷ˻Ҫã֮ǰǿ˰ҩҲһˡ
̲εַ֮ǰ˸ǣúúõٵһصġ
ôã
̲δŵӵɫ㲻ңžͱң˵žҪҩߣïþȥקˣһСľͰ˼ҵ˿и

ˣһܳһʱЦãïɫ˿У̲εû뿪¶İɫҪ֪ïӣԲ̲ΰӲϹˡ
ǵͨ죬Ȼû뵽⡣
УïѾͷððʧʧģȥ˵Ŷï˿лУ
ïŻȻİ˿еݸ̲ΣֻǵߵĲУܵȥˡ
̲εǻָĺܿ죬Ȼ˾ֱҩ飬Ҫŵùңһֱⷽӣ˲˵һصĻϣõġ
һʼõǲ̫ҽҩٺ̫ҽֱ߲Ƽ˲̲Σ˵ҽʤͻ˲̲οķӣ˵ҩ֮󣬾͸о࣬ϵİҲˣԶ׼ġ
Ȼŵù˵ԺͲˡ
̲¶ɫ˵ˡ
һǿ裬һǴ裬ȹ֮ûǿúȣǿļ۸ʮְ󣬲ǲҶˣǴļ۸ʵݣҲǴļ۸ڼһ決˹Ѷѡ
Ǿ۸ʵݵĴ裬˲ˣԺʳԾǣ˾ͼ⡣
̲εǺϲĲˣ¶ЦҾͲˡ
õ˷㣬̲߲һ٣˵ʱסóԣ˼ղïһЩźҲֽȥˡ
̲ãպˡ
̲γԵǽһ죬ŷ¿ӣȥͨ˵лҪ˵֣ղżʱǶ˵ˣ
̲ˣǸʮ׵ģ˵£ȻҪ飬ϴһȥ˴͵á
̲θʱŸ·¶ƣ̬˷㷹һӾ;ˣżɽֱʵˣï˵һֱӣӦûҵɣҲھпҩ̣Ȼ֪ߵ飬Ҹʵʮֵļѡ
Ҳûʲôģ˵ǣǷص˶ӿҸʵȷʵͦѵġ
ҪǱˣҾ;쿪ǻַˣȴǿܵġ
ʲô
̲ξͰ˵ˣϱ˴ϵ»ָϵиҲȴر˵ʢʱͽܾͼǧˣȴûֻһˣͷֻҪҪֲˣ⣬ԸŵӣҪ֪ȻûˣڶһĲ¥ӣǵضΣǶû˵ǧ󡣡
ú֡
˶ĽȥԲˣǵһؾͱϳȥˣ˾裬ҸճԹģۣϸˬʵ̫ζˣ


35 
ͻȻ⽵ʱϰ˵Ļ, Һˣ, Ҳ˲ǴвŮ
̲εǣǺ͸Ŀˣ˵ŮС
ôͻȻĿˣ
̲ε, ү, ⼸ԽԽ, ǰԼһ´ȥ, ڣͰҪˡ
˾ͺĶ, Щԥ˵ĳնԼ, ûʦͳѧ
ǰŪˡ
̲ȴַŲңҿʮ, ˭ҵķҪġ

̲ߵʱĹҵ, ͸ĳʳ, , ˣ⼸ɡǾôе, ò˼, , ַ, ֻȥ, Ҳ˵, үӵҩҸץģƽʱúܡ
ԭЩĶģ˲̲ⷬͻȻģлˡ
붬Ҳһҹ飬컹ܴŵ£ڶƿţ;ǴķŴ̹ǵĺ⡣
ϣխСƣʮֵ𷱸ȹֻ붬ļѣ һԵĲֵˣôҪô죿
ָָһԱɫ멣Ŵ멣ֱӹȥů͵ĺܡֵ֪㵣ң̫ؾû취ˡ
Ҳ֪µҪԣҲû˵ˣѾֶһů¯
ͻ˺޻ӣʮֵʣֵů¯һ㶼ˡ
䣬·ϵ˾ͱˣԭʱǶҪŰĶ飬һȴֻǰ棬ܿȥˡ
ղ̲θĵַҵϵҲ˹ݣȴʱΪʲô̲ôĶˡ
ԭΪĽֵôҲģʮ֣СĽﲻ⻹ܵľƼ¥ÿһǽۼݻĺܡ
ĵطҲ˹ȴҲʮͻĲĸ¥ѾԱЩ࣬ϷǽߣһԶԶŲǸ¥һڴ˵ĸŴ˼ҡ
̵ֻŽţĻҳԿǹˡ
ȥţ𣿡
˰Ҳû˻ӦԱи˵̯ӣŲֹȥʵң֪үȥ
ǵҵԲ˵İɣ˵ָָ˹ݵĺ棬ȥţҪȵȣүȥȾˣڻ˯ء
лҾͺͲȥ˺š
ϵĺ߰˰ˣ¶ľϱ绯ˣӿݵģžһʧ޵ģ̲ζĻǧҪļҾ죬رŮǸ̯ϰ˵ĻͷΪִвŮΨһŮˡ  ʱֻȴÿ²ô򵥣пܻ˲֪Եʡ
ȥţ˰Ҳû
ˣҪȥЪŰɣūȡ
ϣȻʦͲ¿࣬඼Բˣ̸ģ
ô٣
ȴů͵ĺܡ
֪⣬ֻýȥԱ߽ˮһˮˣȵȲɡ
ĺǴ£ҲǿסźˮԼĪ˰ʱŵȵͷ
ͷҲ˵ڶʮ˴ˣȫʮˣȴΪƣޱ߷ʮģ
ţͷ۵ȻҲãԲ˵ģǶԲסˣ鲻ãԣ
ȴǲнġ
ԭҪŵĶһ̲ͣΣ
ǣгԹ裬˵Բˡ
ˣһǺ˼ҳǸģɲҪӵˡ
ȴǰҷĹְʮĹ̫̫Ƶһˣңһ޶ѡ
Ȼû뵽ֱףȥֻɫ̹Ȼֹ󷽣ʮֵĳȡ
ᾭ꣬е˿סܵˣԼе˷Խ̲Σͱǰ
ǲдҲǷģ
ġ
ɡͬˡ
ǸСԺӣųûдɨҰݶ˸ˣ˶ҰݶήȴҲ˺һݲݣߡ
ȴνһ㣬ֱӲЩݲߣǸ᷿һסǳ滹һˮס
˵ˣҪˣ˲ܰʦָһԵĳҳ˵ǰͷþûˣҲûʲôǲҪԱˡ
ͷġ
ֺ־ǼˣӦоУȥһ˾ͰҪˣһ߽صİ㡣
ԼԱʳ֮ͽﲹȥˣѡ㣬ѡ˰㣿˵ֵͷȥˡ
ܣǵðʰ
ľͰŸ㣬һ·ϵٲҪˮ䣬һˮͶĲУɰĹǺֻŸϽˣ˭֪ȻҪʰԺӡ
ˣطôңһʱʰѽί
ȴʮֵļ֣㿴ǳ̨ǻҺĶ̼ܵˣ£ĵطҿû취֡
Ҳ⻰Ȼúܶԣε˵ǡ
򣬸Ѿߣв֣ϣһˣȥˮСѾȥˮڹߣִȥοݲݣɨԺӣڲ̨
ʰ˿ݲݻȻڲˣ˵ֻߣʣū
ȴˮ䣬˵٣ҪǸţҲһꡣֵҪʮַʱȲá
û취һֱԱ߰æֻǲõŰ
һͨæڰԺʰˣɨ˿ݲݣϸɸɾģҲǣ̨ذҲǱˮϴϴա
ˣˡ
ҿŴĳʱ;ó˳ɾ͸УҲʮֵĸɾ
ǽǣ͵͵⿴ȥҲСԺӣɨģһʱ㱵ţˡ ˣԭطģ
ȥŰ뿪ţԿΧȹޣ Ϳݽ߶ϣһǲǿԳԵˣ
˾ͻ˳ȥޣ˾ֻ˲֡
ÿïֶ˼裬ȻҲˡ
⻰ѾͷҲǣ˵ǻȥ̽ףⶼ˻ûҿ͵˵л֮ǰڰ˳
ſӣڴĿҧһ裬漴¶ϲɫ


36 
ϢĿ, ų˺üڣڵ裬Բ󣬲ҪκεĽ֭, ʵζ
Խ軹мŵ, ղͳζ֮ǰĻҪ, ۸ˬ
һ, ŷ¿ӣⲻǳζΪԡ
ǳѧ
, , ӦΡ
Ŀ¶εɫ, , ЩŬһ, Ҳһ㣬Ǵ̥츳
˿Ǹ˻ˣԺ˵ү, ˵, Ƿ˴С, ¹ʲôʳ, ֻҪԹһΣ
ͷ, , ɫ, ȻȥЪŰɣڶˡ
εأҲ̲ס¶ЦҲ¶һϲɫ
һָ߸˵ĻȥҶЦݣϾʱÿһ˶ˣ˵ĳɾ͸С
Ҳܸˣʹˡ
ˣʲôūӦġ
ڼ˵Ĺ͵˳ſڣҪѲʣٲҪŶӵһ٣Ҳܿ졣
վǰһŻɫĲ£ҲŲЬʮͯڱʿʵʱһֱķ
ʲô
ҵҵ塣
Ǳʿ̲סüĺ񣬵ϵȵĺ͵İɣ
˵ҵҵģ
ʱ򣬺洫ٵĽŲָͯүɲҪСˣ͵ҵ壡
Ǳʿ¶Ȼ˵ɫŵϣСӣȻ
Ҳǣ
ǸݵӣŰɵĽм޳ۣŻëƤñΪ棬̫ܵġ
ͯǰȥСӣҲүү˭͵ӵĶܣ쿴Ҳ㣡
ͯСһӾߵڵϣӵϼ֦
ԭǸѽ
ĵͦ׾ģǸ¶ģѽ
˲ò಻ǡ
һʱΧ˹ӷ˺ȴͯҧ촽һǾǿģ
ԭվں棬ҲҪλÿһͷͿͯĿ˵ǰ㣬ɫ׾룬Ѱ˼ҵĺӡ  ͯһ˫ΪƯ˫β΢΢ΪۣѰ˵ĺۣһ̣ȫķŭ
ĳһӾͻ糾еļ䣬ǰ֮ͼܣȴóѣÿα׽Ƥ޳
˶㱻ɷֻ߸ŮӣȻģҪܳȥͱɱӺѡ
ͯ촽ҧƣ¶Ѫ˿ȴǿĲġ
һʱס֡
ǣ
ڴǾҪ⺢Ӹˡ
ʲô£Ǹû̵ĶҲӦã
ԭһֱĬͯͻȻ˿ڣҵһǮƭҵȣ
һƷ˵Ҳʮӣȴֻһģ˵϶ǿ⺢һˣͺƭڼʱзҲˡ
һʱ˷򣬶ָָġ
ҪӲſϷ
ϵӶˣԼһԶͬŹͯҲֻ֮ǰ̲סˣһǴ˼ҵģ̫֪ЩСǶ໵ǸȥˣҪŵ㡣
ߺ󣬲ֹװʲôˣǺǸҲʲôöҲһˣȻӣʮѽҪҸӣ߰˺Ӷ⡣
֪ǲӣҲûԵ˼ֻû°ͯԭô󣬱ȻЩأһӾͱ
ͯȴûбĸмͿ۵ķŭ⡣
ˣūɡ
ҡͷأǿȥɡ
һ˳ǣ·ͯһֱ˵ҲʣҲʱ⣬ǾǱģ̫ǰԼˡ
ԭ߸˵ģΪͯԭ򣬴Ҷ˵ˡ
ص˱ԺѾˣ̫ۣ˵㷹׼˯ˣϾ컹Ҫȥڶײˡ
ɽҵʵˣҪôǺӣ
ŸƣϾǺӣҲҪ̫أǮͰչС
СҲǺ
ɽҵ֪׾ݣұԺͲȱ֣ȫǷˡ
Ű̫ۣմͷ˯ˣһïؼ̽ףͻźϴ
ϰïź򣬵˵ïźĶãҪǶ˵ïһѾߣûïԱֹģܾȱʲô
ӼĽƵļӱԼƵեˣʮֵĿζ·ţںȲ裬ɽҵĽ˵ˣūͨ
ɽҵصɫЩȣʲô£
ǸӣԣǸū澺ĵĸ˴ĨҩһѲ˵ԣ͵˶ˡ
ü͵ʲô
ҲʲôֵǮĶǳһͷһ⣬ȻֵǮǷˣǸǴӳС͵ݲáɽҵߵ˵
ôϵڲ˵
ŵ֪ûθڳԷɽҵĿǻǵãԴźӻģϻ£Ȼö⺢Ӻġ
˴
ͯ˰ס֣ͷȴôҲϴǿ˵ҽģԺ϶ỹǵġ
㿿ʲôô䣬ûסϸûӣܳȥҪ
ͯͷỹġ
ﲻзԣеطס
ʵͯʱ򣬵û̫࣬ǱˣϰѸģȥ͵ҲûǾЩʧ
ֻ֪͵ʳ;ûҲҩɾȣʵ⺢͵Ҳ͵ض˹ڵĵؽïͲ֣˸Ͳ֪λãҲİ˽ɽҵԭ
ͯҧŴҴ޷ģԺһ᳥ģ
ޣͻȻǰؼ֮ŷ˺üƢԭǳһͷ˵ֻһͼסˣǴޡ
Ĵ޵Ǻεʵһ̫࣬ȴܻʵ۵ΣŽɼı¡
ۺܸߣȻһҧгݣȴ̲סǸҪΪþͺˡ
ٺҵ䵽¥ĴѣǴ޵ãԴΪգô޳ˣ׸ǸλãҲдںƲԵʡ
ǺǸޣӦûһòŶԣѵ˵  Ͼ͵͵ԵǲΪ˸ã
ɫһף̲סĿô֪ģ˭
ʵ޵ܿԭǴ޼ҵĳǸĸεʱ¹ʣһͬˣ޼ҵĶΪƲ׼Ū޽Ϊ˻˳ȥһ·ֻС֮ӣʳģܵͷȻܾ˿Ϊ˻ֻþȥ̫ࡣ
һ꣬ڻüʲôˣȥ¾֪ˡ֪أԼ˵ʲôõģԼȥֶɽҵ˵öʮͷҲü飬һŮܴĶ£ˣҲ
վſڣһӳʳѣǸ壬ŵĿҪң
̹ȻҪǾ֮Ե߰æծ
ȴؿͷҲصųʳˡ


37 
ּѴ޷, ӾЩۣҪڵӺ׾ݣ, , ǿʮӼһԶѽ, ôûˣ
ȴû׬, ˵ôСĺӣڸУʲô
һ뻹, ӣȻЩ޵Ĳʶ̧٣Ǻ, Ҳû˵һмĻ
û̫࣬һӸĸ˫, ΨһҪһ·ĵģǻǴһʳͭǮ֮, һӾͱ·ϵؤ, Ҳʮֵļ, ûп, ֪ԼãѾʮֵѵˡ
ƾ, ҲֲúΪܱʷһʵ
ƶ˵, ġ
ְŰ, ҲҶ˵ˣǵģϾͬӴһȥˡ
ʰһͳȥ˾ǡ
·ϳϵˣ˵ڶʲô
˵ǳˣȥҲĥһϣֵ裬ӦˣϾҪⲻǣ
һĴȵԣָ߼ǻʲô⣿
ïҪĶ࣬˵ǼҶʮң̲ס˵ľǺˣ᲻Ǻ⡣
⣬֪ϲԺ⣬ôƬ棬˺⻹ģ綫⣬а˱֮ġϱϾǳһӾͱ˺üпǺóԣƤִۣ࣬ҧһھֱڻ
ȻԹ緹˵̲ס¿ˮ
һûԹأˣôó𣿡
һ˲ģЦǰԹһΣͦóԵģҪ˵ɫͬ꣬׳ѩ췲Ҳ˵ľǿֵҪǳһΣȻûһġ
ȣլŹǷز˰ɡ

һ̲סʵүⲻǿǷ˰ɣز˲򵥣ҪǷ˶֣ˡ
ǲУǷԼ֡˵ܵȥ˯ˡ
һʱԺʣˣͬڳϵϲȴ¶˼ɫּ״ˣʲôף
ʵˣز˲ѵġ
ˣΪʲôô˵
ⱾζϸֵζϣζʮַḻˣζףزȴͬԵľǲ˱ԭζϲ˹࣬Ȼʲôӣֻʮֵζ͵
̾һһЩǳĶãٽһЩˣū澿޶ۣҪɶھͺˣ϶ܰϷˡ
ǰ鸮ųɶĭӣ뿪鸮ʱɶǡɻңȻûиϣٺĭǰܲΪԼԭ÷ֿûҹɶ
⻹Ѳң߰ɣȥȵʱס˴ҵġ
ʰȻɨһˣǸһ죬ȻҪ²ϴһ飬һҪΪһ׼
Ųȥ˼УѾǳˣѡز˲̯࣬λǰֻݿˣײˣ«ʣܲһЩɹ߲˸ɡ
ˣݿ˰ɡ
˰Ҳûģ˵ͷݿˡ
ŻȥĻ·ȴܿһȺΧһ̯λϣ֪˭һ䣬ʲô𣿿ÿ
иȻЩ£ôˣϣ
϶ӣｻǮ
ôȥ
һůһնٲԭһͬһΪ಻ãŽ۸񣬻ӹ󣿶˵˳ԲͲҪ·
Ȼɢ߹ȥһȻ̵ĺϰ棬Ȼ޽ˣһԵĲָ˵˵ˣ޽˰ɣȽϺóԡ
Դ붬֮ѾٳԵʵ߲ˣ˵εԲˣԼҲһЩȥԡ
ʱͻȻһӣÿЩүҪˡ
ü˶һǮͰѲ˶ˣֻϴһӡŸֵĽӣһģ
Żصլϴ֣ϵΧȹϴõݿ˺ زܿ죬ʱѾˡ
ûû˯ͱԲˣϴŲͷɫֻǵų˵һڲˣϵɫʱһݣֳһڣݿʲô
ϺƤ
ͻȻЦȻζϺƤζΪʲô
ϺƤΪʣ֮Ȼˡ
˵ͷõͣ
Ѱ˶òͣżҲͳˣһײͼϰ׵ͣպÿ͵ζ㣬塣
˺ģ
ǣ˺Ŀڸлȵеĸá
ⶼԼģ˵ͷ̲סһֱҡͷ˲ã
óһ׷⳴ݿŰ׷ԣ
Ҳûпݿˣĳһ׷·¿ӣʵԸóԣ΢һЩӦγףݿ˱ˬζչʱȥ˼ƷҪȰݹڣаʦ֮񡣡
𾪵ĿǻҪһˣ
ЦַˣĳӣϷҲǼٵˣȴûʵģһͨȻˣα־ڹأַ˾ϷЩһֱҵҲ˵Ĵˡ
Ǿе㲻ţҪԼҲûʲôȻ˵ûȥǶ˵ɵ顣
ˣҪѽ캰ʦһԲ־ϲ˵
Żعĺͽʦ
̲סЦЦݺɨȥ˳ϵ˶ûаʦڲúȻˣȻãϵЦݾûϹ
***
Դϴ̫֮󣬻ʵһֱС΢ĺ̫󣬲ҵţ̫¸
Ѿǹ˰֮ˣŵһѩ٣̫Ҳ쵽ˣЩ֮ң빬ھǶ׼飬˵¥ȵմߵĶѾϻˡ
ʵΪ˸̫磬ҲΪģʮֵæµ
ֻÿȥ̫󣬶ῴ̫иŮӣһȥģˣ̫ûģҪŰʺ
ʵǼ˼䣬̫ܿȻϲǸС㣬Ϊ˳ֵĴࡣ
ûʵۺǲͷ˼Ҳ죬һ˾߻ȥȿ֪ôȻûʵⱳӰȻżį


38 
ѿҵӶ¸µİ˺, ǻƵգ˿ţĹӱȽ, Ҫر
Ȼ֮ǰһ, ԶԶҵϴεƳ, Ҳ֪ǸŵˣϾ֮ǰ𾢶ϾͺԼ⿪̵Ķӻæ˵֮ǰ
˹ӣҪʳĵĹӦ̷յСͺˣںݿׯȻʳܶණͨģȻ, ڻиʦԱ̵߽, үӾḻϵ, һһѧҲ˳
ϰӰں, ׼ȥ, ү˵, ʦ, Ȼȥ, ɲҪȥȾˡֵٺˮ¯ϷűˮҪǿԵͺһЩ
ү¯Աߵ̺ңĻһͽܵǹʦˡ
ȴûүӵɫֵʦ𣿡
ûУ
˽ΪҪˣѾˣϻŻƤ£վ¯ԱΪȣȴסʦǻǷҵǮأҪиôӿɾ͹ˡ
ң
ʦ㶼ộ壬ʲôҵģ
һʼҲ˵ϾԼʦǸհʦû죬үӾΪſ˯챻ھӷˣżʱ̧˻ȥȻô˯һԤ˿϶ˡȻгҩ˲ӣǮֻǿһֱû
үӺһתӣ

ˣˡ
ʦ˵Ҿ͵ӦˣɽݣºԴӷǼ֮Ͱɽסտ
ߺת̲סҿյĺͽܣҹӡ ȿȿȡ
ȵòУæʢһˮ˴ͺһڣʱ;ɤ˲١˵úѧˣЩڵط¹򡭡  ţЩô
ɽҵ׼ѯʣǡþſ⻰̲סЦүӾӲʵء
ص˱ԺѾƵʱˣ۵ĲУϴˣ˯ȥ־˵ˣȥҲУǰȥΣ
סԺΪûȥҼȻҪ룬Ȼ̫ ȴǲһˣΪʦҪ¥Ǿסڽⲻ㡣
һ뵽뿪Ժǲᣬʼסʱ򣬻̫һЩסϰˣǾþ̫ˣϲȪˮľˮúȡ
ҲǸͬܣԺɽˮãɫҲû˵סϰ˾ͺ᲻뿪ٵȵȰɡ
Ǹһȥլģһֱ򶫻ϸ񣬱Ͼûչͽܣ֣֮ȴܿݣһѧһˣĴξ͸ͨˡ
ʵͲ֪Ϊ򵥵ĲˣȴҪѧסȻҲûʲô˵ġ
ڶѵ˯һ֮ͻ˳˵ʮֵůͣïһ۽۽һӳԡ
ӺƵĳţȻҲֻ
ïȥ̽ףʱ˶һȦ˲֪ԭĸˣһֱżת˲Ż
ïĸһֱڵΪûǮˣïãУѾߣҲûܹࡣ
ĸïۿͺˣ˵ūͣ˶üˣϣū澼ˡ
ïС꣬͹˳׵ͣԭҸżҵģïԸ⣬ѾʵԸˣѾ߻٣ߣֻҪӲԴöȵͨ˼ҵСˣҲͲǿˡ
ïǷˣū澴ûкڹū澹ء
֪ïĻãǶңҾΪѵˣҲͶһ顣Ȼ֣ȼ͸ǡ
ˣ
̲סЦïҲЦʱվͱĻ
˵ͨˣڵүˡ˵ˣֵҲˡ
֣ôһģ
˼棬ͺ񿴵һģѹ֣˵ˡ
ߴ͵ŮбмȻǸ˿ģֻҪӾͿԿԷ
ͬ˵ʲô
漴ֶԸ˵ˡ
ֹһȿڵ˵һֱ࿴ŮӣүĺҪˡ
̫٣ྩĹѫ֮ңֻ߹ٻҵھǣ빬ĺٵĹǶӿ˾Щ¶Ҷղģ̫Ϊ˸ʵҸʵĻʺ󣬶뾩ҲΪ˸û»µŮ࿴¡
⾩һӾ˾ͺҵһ㣬ЩӲڼдÿͣǳŰݷȥˡ
㲻Ҫ˵
Ƹǲ˵ֻǲԸƽ϶ѣǶ䣬ҲͺܲˣҲ˵ҴСָһӣ̫Сڹס˺üա
̫ǷǳϲĶׯܸɣҪӣŮʵ̫˵ˡ
˸Ա£һʱȴ糣˿Ƹȴǰ鶼ϡ
ʱͿƸͨ죬һ䣬ȴɫ˵ĶźȲ裬һһǴҹ̬֮
֪ΪʲôЩûֹԽׯˣ˵ʱ̫ٻ빬ҲǶĿȾǺҪˣ
Ƹַˣ
æҪѧˣҪ׼¥飬ȻһЩһëߵʮȼף洩һеˮɫȹζѱѾʮֺˣȻԵ֫񻡣
Ƹ䳰ЦĻ˵ϲ
ѩƸЦЦƸһӾͺˣȻЩֱ
Ƹ¶֪飬ȻͿˣ̲סţһñŮӣȻƸۣȻΪСӣֹȴǶԲͷ
˻ŸҸŵԻأ˭Ϲ۰Ů޹
˴һЩͷۣҪƸûˣҽھͲͣҲ֣ƫƫһͬõģ
Ƹ䷹ģ˼䣬֪ϲԵĺ«ʾ͸˵ȥȥˣҲ֮ǰ飬Ŀ˼򵥡
ҪֻʣһˣҲһ˼䣬Ͱ˵ˣ̫ĺ˫磬иطһֱ㲻á
Ƿξͼһֱ岻õǷ˵۾֮ǰҲûһζòʡ
ŮǳãںݵʱǿŮ쿪˳ׯ
ʵҲûİæϾܶʱŶǿʣŮ첻ܰǰãΪʱǺ֪ԭ
Ŷơ
Ů춼ΪŮӱѧģʵѧʱʹ࣬ʦȻ˵ֺܸߣǱܵʳʵϲúܿ
ŮͶһƷ滹ŲȻΪ˷õģһõƷҪ£һҲУҪûвţࡣ
ƿӣҶ֮̾ɫïˣ˺һ㣬
˵ɫƯ
ʮֵĵ⣬ȴǲԣûʲô֣һֱڻܾܶˣһιȻ˵ʵҲ֪ﲻʲôǴżҫġ
ï̾Ͼͽһ䣬ֻǲǷĺá
üһԵĽֵҳԣǻҽïСʦңǿٽ˫ĵʮˡ
ïһɻ˵ѽ˵ٽص죿ֻ֪ͽܣһֶŮиǷˣʲôʱж˸ͽܣ
ֶʱɵˡ


39 
ï, ǲ֪滹಻ĵӡ
ïЩˣ, ֣ū澴С͸Ƿ, Ǹȥʦ, ôŪ
ֲŵȥ, ɫݣֻпһµģϾʶԼ˵ˡ
Ȼŵ˵ʦ˵Ĺŵ, ֮ǰиʦʦŮʦʢ, Ľʦ, ʦϹض࣬Ҳ˭ܰݵ, ЩʮֵĳϿ, Ŵңﲻ˵ֻ̼գȴġ
ֻƽÿ仰ڷԴ
һʱЩΣͻȻѵ, , ַԶ, ôߵѾ˵Ц漴˵, ַ, ûˣЦˣȥһҪú÷
ߺïˣūǲϲһֱЩ߸ϵģǸҲǣۿ˵͡
κʱʮλǺպܽĹλҲͼˣɼŵ֮ߣȥĸǾ⿤ƺŻǾʱģ֦ҶĳһСС̼֮ŮǸŮȷʵǽƲϣ˵͸ǸͣѾѵˡ
ïܲ˭ϡū澾ǲϲ
Ҳϡ𣿡
ïһ룬ǣһֱǵģүǰ㣬˵Цġ
һ뵽ղŽɫѵ⽭ֵģ̲סЦˣǽɫ𣿡
Ц߰ɣȥ
Ǻ⣬¥ӪҵڼȻҪҺûԴүӵǣ£ҵһḶ́ɶиɶ˵Ҫµ·̣Ǽ۸ȻҪȸĹ󣬵һǱߵֱӶˡ
Ǳߵۣ㣬Ҫûζ
˶ǱҲǴ󷽣ֱֻ˵͸Եģ⼸նڳ⡣
ǰǿ⣬ţų˼죬Щϻˣ«ʳԣȣ«ȴǻ̵û˻
ƸڻԲϳԷѾûˣҲ֪ôϷͻȻͶ࿴˲ٻǸֺܶ඼ᣬҪѧû߲䷹
һ⣬ƤŴ㣬ڼųԼˣٳһ«ʣιζ«ʣŵ«еʮֵĺóԡ
ʳǸİͷ룬ĴƹϣС⽷ҧһȥƹϵζһ𣬴صζϼеǽһ񫡣
ƸھгԵǻĴζ˵ޣʡ
ïƸı飬̲סˣôүˡ
һǣȵ˵үⷹôó𣿡
ƸʣµͷմĲһڳԵˣȻƴĵͷţ̫óˣǲ֪еĻʳѳԵĲУҲ⣬ǸζͲ˵ˡ еë
ų극һƸ֪ľ¥¸°˺ſҵʱһȥ  ȻҲ˵£Сʱ򻹸ŸȥԹҲˣʱȻ֮ǰھҲҼǵǸүӻš
ļºܸȤֻΪ̫æˣһֱûȥʣ֪Ǽﵽǳ𣿡
˵Сӿһ¥ŮӣҪȢΪޣүӲϣʹҲףŮ˽ˡ
أ
үĹǺ˵ҪϾӹϵִѹǶӾ˵ûʲô˵츳Ȼ׽̵棬ȴֻѧҲ˵Ƥë첻ȥʵȾϲûǮΣ˫˫ˣֻһŮӤ  үӶŮҲã˵ʹҲϽˣ˵ǴвŮٺһ죬ҲͻȻЪҵˣһʣԭŮܲסүӵԼ˽ˡ
˺꣬û飿ΪѧˣȻʮദִֹȴ
ƸߵʱӲǸུˣү˲٣еķʵûθھ⽴˵һ棬ÿԺٸ
ϣӳѩü续һӰĪĻ˷
Ƹֻּˣл֮ͼҴҵˡ
ƸݵӣȻҪһ˼ģҪ빬ȥݼ̫󡭡  ƸͣĻص˼УϴһȥĸʰȻ˵̫һֱأ˵֪ھˣ컹ûڸϽ빬ȥɡ
̫Ƹĳ谮ҶĿõġ
ƸҲ̫ĸҲСʮֳ˵ݹص̫󣬵˵Ҳ׵ˣֱȥ˻ʹ
ٽʮֵ֣Ҫ빬̫ıͶﲻƸſڵʱ򣬿ˡ
ȻЩ˿ɲƸȣϾʹȥ
̫ɫܺãںСģС㴩һɫİȹɺӣεʮֵϲ
˵ЦģԱŻʵۣȴһԵģһǲˣƫƫ̫ȴߣҲֻš
ָָ̫СӣŻʵ˵ɣӣĸɸɾģһ߶ûУƤȴûһ㡣СҲҰ°һҲ
ȻǸСˣСһ죬ɬ˵ʵҲáȻˣȴһ׼˸ʵ۳ԡ
ʵۼСȾ˺ΣʮֵĽοɰȴ˿ȻĲþͱˣ׳󡣡
С㣬
̫üҪ˵ȴʵָŸսƸСãе飬ȥ鷿̫ĸš
ʵ˵һűƸ
Сվԭأۿˡ  ̫̲סص̾һʵۣ治˵
ʵһƸһĲ⣬£һû̫ʰء  һССĹְͼҪʲô
ôˣʵ۴ʵ˵ʵǲشƸĻ
ȻƸģʵʱ˸ղŵʣίеĻʳ̫ѳˡ
ʵѵðοڹ޺̫һţʲô͸ܹ˵һ
ŷĲ˱ַĿǲԶˡĲˣƸ̲סɫǱ߳˺⣬һͷ
ʵۣ
ȸںа⣬Ƹ˽ʵۣ֪ղƸ˵ǻʱʵԲˡ
Ƹȴûоʵ۵˵£ǸҲ˵Ĵˣ¥Ҳ¸°˺ſҵַ˵ȥԲøǮ
ʵ˵ӹò
Ƹôûʵеء


40 
һתֹ˼, ï£ɨɨѩһ, ˵˵, ˡ
Ϊ˿еļҵ׶ͳˣԭʣһЩ, ΪҪβ, ϴ˯ ȻΪʱֲ޴, ȴ˲, Ļǲ̲, ˵⼸ӿյҪúһ, ķɽ, ǷþͲ˵ˡ
ԭǮͲˡҪҪԼһ׺챦ʯͷ, ⻰һ, ô֪ģ
ïԱߵϣһȲһ, , տ̫Ÿ̫ҽ̫ҽҲʶǲҽ
ͣ, һȥҵݸ
ï, ˣ
˵, סڸ, ȴûȥݷù
ï˰ȥڶս־͹ˣżǸ˵Ⱦ˷纮һֱڷգ˵ˣ̫ҽ˼ǲҪΪá
Ҳ⣬ǿǸξͼ𣿡
־һΣ˵Ҳû棬ȴδߵ壬ȥһΣֻһ˵ˡ  ū澿ǳˣа¾̫ˣȴˣû׼á
ҪǿùҸ۾ϡ
𾪵ĿȴЦĵͷһʱ֪ʲôζϾͼ˵ҵͽܣǿʲôĵģˡ

ֶܿ죬ʱͰƷ˹Сʵˣʲôʱã
չþǡ
ĵĻϲǾˣǿһĶ顣
ѾûˣԼ岻ãһһžòż߿ʼ塣
ŵڶ콭ȡʱ򣬼ƷֱΪ𾪣Ƿԭľ£۾ͬһ㣬ʮֵı棬ػŵ˶˵㾦ΪؼŮ쵱˲𣬲ΪҵĹŵˡ
֮ǰһֱŮܺãҲȴԸ־۸ڶϧţǽտŮ죬ŷ֣СǲǱĸֻЩģҲֲ첻ա
ǿ֪Ը۾ⲡ˴ˡ
ָ˵Ʒȥô  ּȾϵķ纮
̫ҽҩȻǺõģ˼ѾЧˣٺԸⲹ˷˵۾ⲡͺ˴ˡ
ƣ
ְѸƷϵĸһƿͿѾ۾ķξͼ ƷԭӣƫƫΪ۾һӾʹʡ
һ̾죬һֱС
***
˼գ䲡֮лǰԴָ߸ϵ̬̬ͬʮֵĺƣóһζɳ轴ǱߵеһֽϣʱԷĻʱţҪմ⽴ϣȻҲζ
ܸȤϾ˿մһ㣬ζܶأζ
ܺѽ
Ҫϲ͸
䲻ǻ˵ˣ
Ͼ͵Ҳᣬǽַֻûиľģ
ڴɫſһĨЦϾ͵ǾͿˡ
һת۾͵˰˺ţʳŵӣȻĲҲˣͬж²׼ζ
ƸҲˣܺ˶˹ԭҶ⣬Ƹ˵ͣͽܿľ¥Ҳưɡ
쵹ֵͦġ  һʼⲢãΪҶûԹǾԷܹ죬Ҽ۸ҲˣǺöǲᱻûˣԹˣûв˵õġ
⺮Ķ죬Χһˢԣֺóůͣˡ
һʮʮ٣ڱը˶ǴһԵ̬ȣԹһξͰβˡ
ҲͿҵͷڵţʵǿסͻȥЪˣŻƹ˵ˣ˵ЦɣЩǻϵˡ
ʲôϵƹЦݣ֪ʲô¡
ƹԭǹҲ˹ݵģЪҵȥطı˲£Ҫ¿ţ˵͹ˡ
ϲƹˣĹǮҲͣ׻зֺ죬øƹ˵ĲУֱ˺ͽܡ
齴ϵģ͵ϵģȻҲٲǸɳ轴
̲סЦ˵ЩˣԼҲϵϲ齴Ժϲ͵
ˣôˣ
û¡عȥï⼸˱һ¡
ϡ
ƹ˱ïһֱˣ̺ܺãһˣ·ģһʱͶԺˡ
ïӯ죬󲻸ŵ۾ôࣿ
ƹȻûˣľŽĿˣҪɹʳķѾ˴š
࣬¥ż仹˺ܶ࣬ձǲսˡƹ˵ͻȻͣ£¥иˣ˸䣬ֺѾˡ
ֿҲǷǸ󣬸ƹһЩЩɹС˶Ҫ᲻á
˷ģһúðŵġ
ͷЦ˵ʳãǶͣµ׷ʱÿ˶к
ƹգͷǸŮӣȴʮֵĴͨ͸Ĺǣ뷨ӱͬʱֶߵչмӡ
Ź飬˵ģʱһŮӣӣһֱլŮӣܳŵһ¥¾Ϳ޿ġ ۹⣬ǿɲǺúŪˣķۣΪͽܣԲ򵥡
Ȼգ;ø»иɾ ˵ˣǻῴҲˣҪˡ
ƹԭǿľϻģȴǾҪúø¡
ˣ׼ȥԺߵ¥ݿھͿһϤıӰ˺м£Ӻܴ󣬺ܿԶˣһԵĸƹ˵ˣλ˵ӡ
¶˼ɫǲǽһЩϺŪ
ҪƽʱԲϺϾǾ뺣ۺԶ·ϾˣΪǶϺֱӶͿ
⼸մҵĺʹҲͦģõľֺϺ
ĺϺѾʰˣľ飬Ͼƣ壬ؽ裬Ÿƹ˵͵¥λ˴Եʱֱһһ׵Ķоˡ
ƹľƺλЩ̫һЩűϾǹͣҲˣˣʲô
ҲԳĲˣҪϺɡ
Ժ㲻ԸȻŲΪģҪƸֹ˵ŻжóԣҲûˣųһΡ
һξ˵ڶΡ Ǻͷ֣ÿ춼²ǽϺĶһԲӡ


41 
Ժһ̫Ƚ, ȻʶԺԲʵ˵, ͲǶңȻǸŮӣСӦþλްɡ
Ժһ, ȽϾ͵, үҪǲϲСľ͸ɡԺȴǲ˵ˣȽЩ׼ˡ
Ƚ, ԻʱԺ㿴˺üǸԲӣ˸²⣬µ, үԲŲ, ҪҪһЩ
Ƚ˵ϢŻʵ۵ķӦ, ΢ŵĵͷһ, ԺʢһС
ŴԲӳһɵľζССһŶɳڶ, ʮֵĺóԣȻó, ׿ڿ, ˬľ, Ƕ·ܿ͸Թˡ
ŻȥȽȥȣǰŮڣʵ˵ȥȵȻסѽ̫󲻸ˣʵ˺þãҲ˷ûҲŻʵ۳ˣҪΪ˱ܿͷ
ģȽ˽ڲһԵСͽ˵ŵ˼Ĳüһҫˡ
СͽܾȽһӣڻʵźҲΪ֣ȻҲ
Ҳ֪ͷϡ
һͽܻһ«̵䡭 λãʲôöûѵм·ԭȻԴĺɫͰɫһԣ«ǵҷ˵һҲΪ
öѽ
ȽТġ
ɫźһЩСͽֵʦȽҲˣҪֵȥź£طȻҪǣ˭֪ǻʵ۸ǰĴˡ
⻰˵ͨ泩ɡ
Ƚȣ˿һȽͰѽھ¥˵һ飬С޶ۣʵ׽͸£һ˵ǾԲѳԣȴֶԹˡ
֪ģһʱĬе㲻˼ˣҪ˵ɣСѾ˵ʵ׵ʱȴһ䲻ԣûʵѿܻĻعȥˣҪ˵ɣʵȥԻ˲
ѲûʵԼǸùġף
ʵ붼ñĻģŻʵ۳أΪ̫ϲî˾ֵЩŹͲ˵ˡ
һ䲻ʶ̧ҲΪ
ҪǱ£ȻڻͷˣϾûˣ˵ʵҪʲôŮûУ
ֻ뵽ʵ۵ķӦͻȻЩй֪ڻʵʲôҩʵۺħһ㣬ʮֵ⣬Ҫǲ⣬Ҳȥľ¥Էˡ
ѵǴ˵е޲檣檲͵͵͵ţ
һԵȽܹܣ
Żعźľͦã֮ǰôԺôˡ
Ƚ⻰ڷģŵĽʵ۳ԾԲӡ ȻʵûзŭԽԽûף
лˡ
ڶϣʵȥ̫밲˳š
̫ŷһֱأǰʵż̫ţҲˣȴǼչԼĶӣԲãó˲ٻˣһȥģԼҲʼˡ
ԴӿʼԻ̫֮ķɫã˶ʵ۹ɲڳˣôԽԽƵģô棿һ֮زǡ
ʵ۵ҲϾ͵ĸ󡣡
̫Ÿ˴ţ˿࣬۰ӣ⣬ֽƴϺ ʵȴֻ˰ֶ̫࣬һǿһ۰ӺһֻϺ֮Ըˡ
̫ǳǻʵ˵һȻûţڶվֳȥˡ
̫һĳţֵ˵ӣػŸŮӣ
ЦŮӣҪū澾ˣǱ²ᡣ
̫ȴҵϣܲŸŮӣҪ͸ˣʱҾֱӱˣ
Ժ˹ֱ¥ˣųĻȽԺ̬ƶǶģҵʲôŵģЩ׼
ֱԺ㵽˾¥ſڣпڶ¥˱ϣؾȴȻβסòƺһӾͶˡ
Ժһ棬һ棬ԶԶĿסһ㡣
һԺȱ󲽵Ľ˾¥
ԺϲԵľףֵ⣬ݿ˶εĳԵˣԺͶСϴεϺһ
С͹٣ԲסˣûϺһˡ
ԺǻƣֵǾԲأ
ҲûС
ԺˣȴûУ˵ܻ᲻˵ģһԵȽȴԺ㲻ûɫࡣ
Ƭ̾˹ףкõҲˣԺ˹ԣɫԵú㣬ʣµĲˡ
ȽһźŻʵۣҲûٳ˵Ǻóԡ
һƾͶһ̲ǶǶС͸ͳԵġ
Ƚ
Ƚֻ֣֮ҪȥԻǶҿ϶ͲˣЩ˶ǶԼģԺȴǳϲЩ²ˣÿζԸɸɾġ
ֻȽֵǣһͲˣһ˳Եÿģȴûͱ㴰ֽͺԽϾһ㡣
ӹóʵĵѧҲˣ˵ǰҰ·ӣдеˣϵͳȥѧˣ;ǰطҲéٿոһ¥ǲ˵
¥ҲϣһĵطҪֵҲƹ˳
ö˱ԹԸҪܰǣǿڿ̣
Ҳ뷨϶ҪֵģڣſŶãûҪôżҪȴ򡣡ֵ˻ûԹһȻϯˣǵŴҶԹһ顭  ͲȳʱӪҵ϶ŻҪһЩá
¥ѾͿļҵף¿¥ҪǮ
˵ǣĴӳ顣ƹϲ̤ʵ
˸˵껰ͿƽˣλĿˡ漴ֵˣҪ͸ʲôˣ
첻Ͳˡ
ԺԼϲԵģųҲͲһʱЩ꣬žƱһͺȵ˰뱭ɫŮ졣
Ǻȵ̫ˣֻǾƾһӾˣеͷΡ
⴫ȽȥţһòŮվ棬ǣ
ġ
Ƚһ㶣ŮӲȴԺ˵
ɫСëıȼףʩױʮֵһãү
ʵ˵õѰӻܵˣȽʵ۴۾ﶼ˹ʣȻʮõġ
ŵ꣬Ժүҵĵ𣿡
ԺգҪ
ȴԺ㣬ĿƵģͺҶеɫԺ̲ס


42 
Ƚ°ͶҪ, ȵͷ ܿͷ֣˵Ļں棬ΪȻŻʵ˵, ߲
ⲻЦ𣿽߲, ղģŻʵ, Żʵһ̬, ֻÿ鲻ᰴճչ
澲ֹһ, Ƚϣ, ʵ۵㡣
Ƚ˵ԼڴʲôȽһ仰ʶȤȥ
֪ʲôʱʼСѩһڵһ㱡ѩ̿𣬷ǳů͡
ȹˢƬմϵζϣеԺ, ү, Ե㣬ôࣿ
Ժȴʵûʲôθڡɫ, ĿӨӨȻǹĺܲ, иζ, , 㵹ǹͦġ
˵УҲˣүƣ˵Ż䣬¶׵
ԺͻȻҹִϣ
Ժ춼ûɻ̧ͷͿƵĿһŻ𡭡 ҲȼҹԺҲ㿴ôȳҲδµŮӣǵһ֪ԭ֡
Ժסȥ촽Ĳ˼飬Ź̵¶ȣյҲŲ
Ҳ֪˭ȴչֻһ˺ܿ
һɵ۾ñǵĺ׵촽ү ʡ
֪Ժ㱧Ϣ˺һŽ侲ֻȴٷſˣһ
Ϊ飬ƣⰲķԵøⴼˣĿִżԺˣ̲סЦȵ㡣
̲סס  һƿԺ㣬˶棬Űɡ
ԺȻҲȥҪˣ񣬵⡣
Ƚվſڣ˿ģ빬֮󣬵һѧľԼɫվһ죬ȥãͶû˵ïȴǡ  븮ʱҲѧأЩվãһͳŲסˡ
ïȥͶʣȽɣȽֵܣïͶһѹݸȽּ˶⣬ҪһأԵӣȻ̫ˡ
Ƚ
Ƚӣïֱżֽ˵ǷԼģζ
Ƚʵ̫ïïʵûһѾߵӣŻʵ۱Եġ ïԵĴѾߣȻҪùϵͳһڹӣھǶصζϹʵ㣬ֱ䡣
ó԰ɣ
Ƚ϶ĵ˵ͷïҲǸˣһһȻʵ¶ï˵Ƚ
һԺڳˣһǰһĴżï˵رԺɡ˵ͿԺүҲûȥ˰ɣ
Ժ㿴ĿеĲᣬλߣýŶˣҲȥԺ
ʱ¶ЦĿӯӯѩҪ͸ԺĿҲ
˲߳˾¥ǰֵĺò֣Ұ׵Ʈѩǻһᡣ
ͣ˺ͬҪһ·ȥԺסֲ֣ڿ£Ȼ壬ǰһһ֪ô¡
һͦһǿŮѩһһãǵ·ƵƵĿ˺üۡ
ԱͣһһԼĪʮϸˣһɵĶɫм޶ԽӣŻƤ£һů¯ϴ·ʾĲദ
Ѿ˵Ƕ˵Ļܺóԣո뾩ǣһ飬ʵûճˣǼҵļ˶ϴǵÿһһ㡣
ѾӦһÿϸ˿棬һҪȴ̲סüΪһϤıӰ
ⲻϣ
ڻһŮ⻰̲סʵĸ˵˭ѽ
ϡ
Ůôǣһе֣˵Ͼ¶ͬɫһŮӾ㱻ˣҲҪԼúŲǣ˵Ϊźģô㲻֪㣿
⻰˵ϸ˺ҵͬ룬ڳλȢޣ󣬿ɲ㹴Ұ˵ġ
ԭ˲ǱĴĸϣСĸ˫ǸλĸģȻͱ˲ͬ
˵⻰ʱƺˣӦΪϼҵլ
Ҫ׷ȥֻһȴǲˣһʱ򽴲ˣȥ鸮Ҹ˵£ҲҪҳҵҪ˭ȻҵĶϱѵ֪ڸˣ
ȥԺ·ܳԺһ𣬸С̺ġ
ǹӵζ̫һЩͼ˼ϣζóһ»̽ĺɫܺѾں˹ӣм۽
ԺҪྐྵӣȴǲᣬԣǹŮˣøģԵǹʣôԻͷһ⣬İѹӷϣǵһ Ҳѧ£ȴͷҧˡ
̿ȴͼԺɫЩˣæһ྿ȻݸԺүġ
ԺѾǿĿӵģԺŵɵľͳԳ˹ʣԺԼĹģմȾζЩ˼ԺȴϲܣζͦõģٸһЩ
֮ѹӿĿӣȻԺ㣬ԺȴҵȤһ㣬ִ˲ƣĳŹӣھĵģû˵ȴֻǵĹ
Ƚڳԯϣѩ̫󣬴Щۣȴûкھܾïϵ顣
ï˺ӣԶףźԺ㣬˶õĻᡣ
ղŻ˵ȴֻʣ³ԹȽ̲ס֮ǰïĹӻʣ²٣̲סҲó
һ·䣬ȽȴֻǵһӵζܺóҲů
˱ԺԺȻҪֿˣȴ˭ûжԺ֣ģԺĶˡ
ϴ㲻ǴӦһٺ⡣Ժ˵Ȼʲôһ䣬ϴǸζ
ȻζʱЦ粻ǳԹˣһ˱ĳʳ֤үҲûԹ
Ժˣ־̫ˣʵҲ⡣
صסϴһȥ˳ƵķѼó˳Ȼ¯￾ǹһҪ棬Ȼ׺ˡ
һھƮѼ㡣


43 
ѿĽƵĿѼƤƬƬ, İڵȻʣµѼܷɰ
Ѽ⣬ҪκεĵζϾֻȪˮˣһͷŨ׵֭, Ȼ֮ǰѼѪ, Ѽ, Ѽ, ڼ˿˿Ŀ죬Ҫ롣
뼸εףۣϺƤʣ˿ͿԳˡ
һ, ̵Ŀڸ, ʮֵˬ
ԺʱŹȻԡ, һ߹ߵɫŽĳۣϵ˿˿, ѰĴ, ȴʮֵĵ壬ĵӢͦǿ
Ժ㿴Ũ׵֭ͷ˿, , ӦǽǱߵķ˿
ѼҲȥϴһ, ֬δʩ, ԵñƽʱҪСһЩ, ԿѾûлưߵĺۼˣɫõļ˴Ƶĵزɼжã⻰Цŵͷ̫᲻õ㣬Ҿܲܳɻ˵Ѽ⣬˴ӸѼӻ⼸ֻѼرʣۣպѼԣѼֲĶ˸˿
ţ֮ðӲ˲֣һ鱡һѼ⣬Щ˿𽴣þ͵ݸԺ㡣
Ժǰ㣬һҪιģһ죬ȴûоܾԺԱߣĽԺҲ첱ӡ
ڣԺֻѼƤִ࣬ѼۣЩ壬Ȼҧ΢Ĵ˿ζһӳڿǻЩ̼ζ𽴣ͺһָֻζ٣òˡ
һζʵǹ񫣬óԡ
ǾͶЩ
˼Ѽ⣬ͿʼѼ֭Ũ㣬˿ˬѼѪۡ  ϵҲûг̫࣬ȻĿɣմ֭ȣʵζ
պȼΪеȥһˣͷԼĵķһõѼ⣬ȥԺ㣬Щ׾ľѼ⣬ѼһҪмλã˿ҲҪݵƯһ𽴣СУʮֺÿ
˵ĳԵһȻĿӨӨĿԺĿ̫רעԺЩֲֻǲһӾͰŪϡ
ү
չȥԺ°ͣӸãŲͷԺ̫ˣֻҪ΢΢ͷͿԷա
ԺƵʵ𣿡
š 
Ժʵʵסŵ˵ϣȴ˲ȥֱڿ̧һֱסԺ
ï˰죬ҲһʱЩżŽȥͿ˱һӵǣһ죬Ͼͺţһżĳ˵ѼӶ˰ɡ
ϵïū澾ˡ
һҹǲ˵糿ʱֻᱳʹģһȴǿյģһ̧ͷͿԺվڴµİϻʲôơ
ڵŵǳůͣ¾˹ȥһʱľϲԭԺ㻭Ļʷ죬ϸ壬ϻá
Ժˣ֡
ʹںæҪѧˣҪæž¥飬Ȼÿ֡
ʣʵдʲô
Ժ۾й⣬ᣬӳĴ϶һĽ⣬ʮֵӢ̰ͦ˯ͼ
̲סЦԼ֣ҪˣЩ̫׵ɡ
ˡԺ
ĿӨӨĹסԺĲձһڡ
ïˣ׼źϴԺ㻹棬͵͵Ŀ˸϶ƣһʱͺͷ˻ȥ
峿д֣˵һԵԺӢͦİīʱĿײͻһȻͻ̲ס촽ٷֿ  ǻڻǶԵһˣŸһ
ϲԺĻïȥ׼ڣ˱ȥɽϵĺߣ˴ѩϴαɽеľûڱԺȽϺá
ʵŨòʲôνֻҪһС
ѩ֮ͣïԺＸʹӵĺܳȥѩˣһʱЦĺò֣Ժվڴǰã˼һүҪҪȥѩˣ
ԺֲСˡ
ȴ棬үҰɡ
˴룬ͳţӿԺ׷׹ǵģСıˣϽгɩȡ
Ǹ˵ĺţܿˡ
ǵ̼֣Ȣ˱õĸףĸʱ˳֮ͲˣǸȴû檵Ĵ㣬˵ˡ
ԭҪҸ׸ģԺչ˸ĸֻǸȴǲϣֻ־ж˭Ը׸ŮܻٵĻ¡
ٺͰ޸˵СҲǱĸﳤģĺ⣬ֻΪ˵ϲѩ׾ͻÿĶĸһͬȥıԺСס
үǿ˭ѵĸߡ
Ժ¶Ӱһʱ̿ѽʱǽС
˾Ϳʼѩһʱĸһ㣬һٿѩ˶Ѻˣ˵Ժѩ˻Ķѵıĸߡ
߹үء˵ųԺ㲻ע⣬һȥԺѩ˾Ͱһء
Ժ㣬
̲סЦƣǱҵСˡ
дżƤɫֹ龫ҴźģԺǳԾǾпɰĲС
ǼװȻˣ˵ҪŲȥѩˣŵȴСĲȿһţһӾˤ˵ϣקԺҲˤ
ԺʶľͱסԼ棬ѩģҲûۣ֮ǰһֱѩˣ˲ڵ϶ʱ;ĲУˡ
ջɵģǡֿʼѩѩ׷Ծ˵ҲŽ˶û˵ֻҪա
һԺ⻹ҵһζѩˡ
Щţô᣿
ԺԼͯ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ڶдֻ֣ϰ䣬ûʱ䴭Ϣں󹬣ĸ󴦾ΣȴôϻֻҪ΢£ͻᱻӱȥ
ģʵǸˡ
ЩԺ㣬˵ĹغϣСԼǶս˵Ҳǡ
һţ֮ȥ԰ɢ˻Ӷ˲ѩˣï˺ŶǺȤ
ԭΪʱ仹ܶ࣬һת۾͵˷ֿʱ򣬵ڶԺҪظҪȥѧˡ


44 
ٵձɨ, Ϊѩϱһ㣬ũ·, ѩ̲ס˵ѩ׷꣬Ǻ꾰ˡ
Ǳ·ȻǷ˳ġ
˾ʵ
㲻ðɣ
˵˵ʲô£
ǶӼΪڣ˵ܣȵʮֻϲ, ȵ۲ҪΪӲڵĹأҪͲˣǱ²뾰ɽУǲżꣿҪԵĺͲˣţȻһС˳
·, , ȻҲֲñ¼̳дͳ֮, ԽԽˡ
ȴͻȻ, ʱԺ, ô³ϳĿյЩũ˵Ļ
ڵ, ־ͱԺסˣһů, ƽʱúõ, ƫƫͽ컵, Ҫү֪Ҫ·á˵Щũ˵ĻүǱֵܣŹ£
Ժһ־磬Ͷӱˣȥκʱ򣬹УʩȣʱȨж󣿾Ȼûʩȣںˮ
ҲǴ￪ʼȵ۲ͻȻʶԼĳѾһȨĵز
Ժ֪һ漴¶ɫʲôûѡ
˵ͷ˵飬ǿ˱£ʱǰף϶Żˡ
Ժֹ»ˣϰ֮һˣóһʱֻҪˮͻ־ĲС
áԺĵĻ̲ס˵ԺһǸĸס
ȴʶľȥԼĶӣû֪ôһĸףҪԼĹ⣬֪ⱲӶˡ
˺ӡɥ˵
Ժȴô֪
ԺڴȻ˵ЩɥĻС֪֮˶ٸҽӻˮһģȴ޽չֻˡ
ңԺ㲢ûδ
ԺģĶͷ˵϶еġԺһֱܿиӣһҪ֤Լ飬  ȻеҪ֪˵ĺӻʲôӣ
Ǹǿ϶һҪǶӣ̳ĹҴϻۣԺҲǸ⻰ڲ˵
£ȴ޴˵ֻܱ˴˽ıš
˾ǣҪֿˣϾ͵̫ٳ֮͸飬Ժʱ䣬Ҫæһ£Ȼǲġ
ӻһү
Ժ㿴˺Ǿϲҷǳľ£̶Ʊ«ģң׹Ƶӣҹ
ҹԺȻǸ۰ԼûȻ񫣬һӾͱǸͷ࣬ûŮ˵ζֻŪóġ ٺԺ۵˯˹ȥмһΣڴǣʲôΪ̫ˣ˯˹ȥ
ţϲ𣿡
ϲԺ㿴ֻһ̶ֿסһӾ˹ȥ
***
ͬ˵ǰ㣬ųԻʾˣʱͲ֮ǰһи顣
ïðʲô˴ǰãȻͶȥˡ
ԭãһҾ¥ۺĲУֱӰհ᲻˵ˡ
Ǹʮӣֵĸһģʰ̲ס˵ңҲúõĸǶǮϰ˵ˣֻҪǹȥֱӷ˵ͣ£ȻҲǲ֪жˣҼһСʮڣиĸҪţҲû취˲ǣ
ԱǼҲ׷׵ͷˣĺݣҲҪԷѽ
ïĹƨӣ˭֪ﱻϱ͵ Ųʵģ׶ˣҪ̫̫ĲУܵ㣬ֲˣ˼˲ģһ²˵̫̫ԣȻͶˡ
ͨ죬ȴǹȥ飬˵ôŬ׬Ǯ׬ӣѾźţ
ïȰˣûá
ǼǩģߵĻҪ㲻ӣǸǮϰֱӾͰǵˡ
Ǯϰʮ꣬ȫǮҲһСԭＸ˾ӪǮʳ̣ľǮĽӣʶ壬ڼʮֵĺóԡ
ʱǮҵⲻ󣬵Ǯϰ֮󣬲ʮͷ˷ŵͣӪǮʮ꣬ǮѾһ̼ˡ
ǮźԪԲ쳤ۣϵŽ˿˿Уź֣ȻеŮһ㣬˿ϵžǸͦΣƯǮֻϵڶ棬Ϊ
ַˣԲסˡǮȻ˵ŵǸĻ̬ȴ˵⣬ߴˮʹܸİɡ
Ȼʮҫ
ï̲סҪȥȴǱɫǺܴݣŲæģǮϰ壬㲻ֶΣеõӦ졣
ǮںЦַˣǲǻǸǰأ㣿ǺǡֵʵҺ͹˼мֽ飬˵ϾҪˣȢĻǹ˼ǱߵĹ
Ǯ͹˼Щ֮ǰͶ˵˴ȻǵʦΪϲ𣬺ôСķˣֻʱͶ֮ƻҪƲϵҪǹ˼ҵĳ̫ѿˣıֲǻ̫Ҳڣᱻͱ
󲻽û취ԼȻҪȢ˼ҵĹǿԺ˼ҳʲô£û취Ʋˡ
Ǯϰ壬˵ôʲôŲӰɣʵ
Ǯ֮ǰͦģǵǮʱ۵ĲС  Ҫ൱࣬ʱ˵ã·ˣֻۣҪ⸶
㣬ʱЩǷǵ·ǣõǩ£ȻǺڵģǮֲǸҲһˡ
۵ǮǮֲܲϾд飬ҪִˣֱӸ浽˳츮Ǿˡ
£Ҫ޵ĺڣҪִˣ˼Ҳ˵ģ򲻵ѣǲ붯ϵġ
Ǯ˽̧ӽԼ˺ڣͷҲصˡ
Щߺ󣬳տյģиܹǳ˵ˣǺãǰλ˵⻹ûء
ʣµˣǼĳӣǮˡ
ïˣǸǮϰҪϾɱѽĳӶ
ǹģΧȹΪҪľ⣬Ҫź¹ԣǮһǸ׳н
ˣ
ЦЦȴǿһѩ÷֪᲻ôףһ˳⣬ܵżѹƭҲοһŮӣԽǾԽŬҪЩ֪ǵı¡


45 
ƹĽѵЪһ, ŷȥϵĳׯͷ˵ʵڵģǲϲ, ˵, ⳶Ϊ˸, ȻҪȶɫϲʡ
ƹݵƹڼǸ޹, ˵ʲôʲôһ䷴Ļ
һ, ߵᱳʹģԼѡѵĲϡ 󵹸ûСǶĲϡ
ƹΪһѶǼѵţȻͿһϤˣǵĻƣƹ, ҵˣ, ȥɡ
ϱ, ȥ￴㺰˽ŷѶȥɡ
ƹķҲǲ֪صˣԸƹ˵ַһҪ֧ôľ¥, ʵ, Ҫൣ㡣
Ȼ, ȥɣùҡ
ƹ·Ͼ˵ȥǮ⹷и˼ңþֶƣ˾հҲĿŵȴߵ£
һ·ܣ˾¥ſھͷֶǮǻѾţϹϲĺ첼Ĳĺò֡
һȴģڽһֻƽʱһ롣
ƹʵأ
ǮϰĳӶˣû취Լ˻ڿȻ࣬ҲжʮˣвҪ˵Ҫأ˵ָָ棬Է˾ȥүȥˡ
ƹ̾үͷ⵶ˣȥҲáȻ˵ȴǸŻȥ˺Ժ
ߵԺĺǷˣȻҸʦ˵⻰ͷ⵶ˣܰ㣿
ƹĶʱͣסŲǽȥΣ˵޿ģΨһָϵľʦҪˣǻʲô¥ҲˣӾרĸѧˡ
Ͷˣʲôƻ͸ùˣҲ˽óԣ
ֵʦһµʱҲѧ𣿡
쿪ʲô
¥ȥˣҲûǮҩˡ һղһյģ⻹ÿң
ţôʦģ
ȴ˿˵ǰڷҶǼ̳Ӷʮ껨ҲȥˣϾûӪգҲβˡ

ƹԭʦͽܣϲںˣʵദޣִ¶࣬ʮֵġ
Ҫ֪֮һֱǹݶ飬ƢҲġ
ĻЦүӻ˿ˡ
ϴһֻ춥󽫾أͽѾǸծˣֻܶԲסʦˣȥ˵ծȥ
춥󽫾һֻУһֱһģϾ޶Ůģʱڡ ֪ϲо͸ôһֻУҲˣһӡ
ڼˣ
ҳӻծ

ֵҪѵסȥȻӲ࣬ǺôҲֵܵһЩ
֮ǱѵйأҵĸóҲó⣡ĺ
Ƿ˵ôɣ
Ժﱳֶ˺üȦҲûи̬ȥгɰͷŰˡ
ͽܣʦȻҪȥţкУǽŵĻε˵Уģյʲôͽܣ
˶ʱЦʦл
֪лˣղҪЮҵʱأĺߺߣȻµйޡ
ȴ񣬵ʦͽֻܾһˡ
⻰˵ʮִֵżֱ׳ͻȻͺȦȻһֱвȣֲɵӣβ֪⣿
ûϢĶһǮʲôӲ˵
ƹʮֵ𾪣ǵõүô⵶ģҵıȻĿ Ҫسˣ
󣬻ʲô
Ƿ⵶з⵶ʽҲʽҸƵգȻϼƷͷһֻȫֻѼֻ
ʱɵˣʦҪʲôʱѽ
ѵְһֵĵУۺҪҶӲǡ ףҵĴ󽫾ˣô鷳ȥ׽һֻ˵ˣҵĴ󽫾
ƹ̲סЦŻ˵ʲôȥ׽һֻ
ȥãɱ˹ѼѪİڷŵ˹ϣȻϣФ桭 Ÿѧһı£һҪҲ˷ջָķ⣬²ףɢҵһͽܣʴϻۣڷܺѧΪҲ˵Ĵˣֻǽơ 
Ȼףʵ㻤̵ˣҵͽܣȻֻԼˡԼ˵ȴñ˵ǰ棬ֻпķݶ
Ȼ£û˵ѧ˰ɣһ㼴ͨ˵ɣ׵ͽ
ʮָжͷһʦԸ
ŴóһֱɢĿͻȻͱ˵ߣȥ¥ơ
ſȰ˰ɡ
⻹һκһͬõΪ˵ԽʱÿģԼ֡
ĥ²˵ùһ⣬˵ʦ˵ˣǵֱû
ĵ㲻ˣѰˣֳӣȻǲģҲûзʲôҲѧҪ¿๦ģʵ̫æҲ֮֮ˡ
˳ģ˳һأá˵䣬һʼܿ嵶У漸Ŀˡ
꣬һƬᱡ״ֱ̲סĴָʦ
м˵Ѱѡ˵Ųĵͷ⣬Ǵȴ
˵ʵһüƬеֿᱡһͰѿ˵ⶼˡ
Ͳ˻ϲ̵˵ңүӾֱ˵һεƬóء
ƹЩµģƽմܵҲʮȳȻȥ룬Ҳϲ˹Ҳôҵǿȥ
ĳʱһӦȥˡ
Ъҵʱ׼ô죿
ȴŵ˵оһ¹ס ʦȵţʵ¥ʱ֪ģ£ϾҲǰ㽲ųԸξ


46 
һ׳, ֭ɫģƮһĺɫڹ׼̿, һðζ, , ɫͿ̳ˡ
һڣ, ǻڡ
һԵĸƹҲˣ˵, үӣɲǻڰɣ
ݿˣ«ʣͷȲ˵У̳ʢһСϹ׵֭ĩ, 齴ƹܳͼһ, ݵƹǰ档
Ź׳ԣ
ÿο˳굹, ;ЩϧܲܺʳһԣǰԼһΣζĺãⶬŵ, ʮˬ
һ, ƷƷ, ֽųһ«ʣüëֽųһƬͷ һ˹׵֭ĳ˺
ƹҲһѾˡ
֭㣬ҲζθҲůģԡѵÿ޵
ƹŻأֻǾû˵ֲ˵꣬ҵ˻ᣬַˣľó뷹ģżվµĳԷҾӪ¥ľ˵ͳףǿ϶ܰѶȥˡֵȻĹףҪȡַˣүӣǿʲôã
ʲ
ɣ
Ҳûƹ²˸ɾһ˼۸ֱѧȥˣ׼Ҹɿ֭ںԺŪרʲҲͰȫˡ
Ҫŵ㡣
ΪĹףһʱҶһҲû࣬Ҫˡ
ƹգû¹Ŀ๦ǲеģһʱеˡ
ȴġ
ɻ󣬸ƹȴЦǵүӳֶ˵˷ģ϶үȥȱˡ
͸Իȥˣϣů¯Ҳ䣬ǲ֪ΪʲôǾЩ壬ʱǸԺһһûһлȴʮֵİȣ̹
ѾʼӦûԺ
ЩͷҲһʱģŻصУïʼ˾ͰԺԺïһʣЦ˵ŽûʲôˣӦ˲ŶԣȻ׬˲ӡ
׬ЩǻԼ𡣡̾ҵǩǿҶǩ˭֪Ȼˡ
ïЩߵ˾ˣƺˣǺڵһ졣
ˣϴһ۵ĲУһ˯˹ȥȴ֪ڹԺȴߡ
һֱѩԺվ£ԶվԱ߰죬Ҳ³˴ţȻȽû˵ͻȻδ飬ζʲôԶ
£ҹˡ
Ժתȥ˴ʵˣ
аԽп࣬öûͷ̫֮ߵûһ⣬ܹٶˣʱ˵ľˮǺɫģնУȻ곤֣̫໹йŮ
˶ˣȻǴ
£ūܣʵǲ鲻ܲȥĹذɣ
Ǿȥڡ
ȣ
Ȼʵ۷˻Ⱦûʲôǵˣ·ģūվȥ¡
***
ڶϣյ˾¥Ϳмİӣƹ˵ĸ˵˹񣬡ˣλ¥ģλʷǵģʱ⡣
ַˡ
ΪԾ¥ʷǶǾֺţ¥˵ǰʱˣҲһ㶼деġ Ҳ˾ͻȻˣʦģ
˸Ҫȥʰи˵ʦһҪүʰ˵⼸Щæ˿վԹݷ
ȴܲͷż˰˰ֵʦú⡣
Ǽ˹ģȻûһƢϾ͸͵ү˵ǡ
ȥ⣬Ƕˮġ ֮ǰӻҪãһԸƹ˵⼸ǴʦͽܣǸеȸƤȽϰ׾ģ¥İүۡ

ߵĴ󲿷ֶǺˣǰСҲмҪȳӺҶˣҲûӰ졣
Ǯ˯ѾǰûмʹֶźǮһ׳ң裬ã賿˯ȥһ͵磬Ƶ𴲣ȥǮǻ
뷨ȫĳӣһʱҲӣ϶ҵģ߿ҵȻܰѿ˶
ǵſȴ֣ģֻмڳԷ
ƹСܹ˵ңƳ˽ʲ¹ףһӾͰЩ˶ȥˡ
ʲô
ǮȻòţһϾ¹ף˵žͼܵ˶ľ¥
ӭ͵СǮҲϣǾ¥ˣ
ǮֻûôýѽǴ֮˾ǿͣûиߵĵСֻðӭ˽
ҾҪǸ µĹף
һ˹ףǮţ׺ϣ϶ͺϾ˶ڹˣһͬС˹һۣмңһ۾֪еֻ֮ǰĺá
ôҵˣ
ǮҧŻԲˣ⻹һԵĶȥְ³ԷСʢһ𣬼Եĩ˿齴һ͡
һڳ¾;״㣬ŲãҲ˼ڣԵʳ֭ںһ𣬼ζ;ͣˣźˮһȺֻˬĲС
Ǯȴûʳ֮Ŀ֣･³ֱ׹ԨϾ֪֭ˡ
֭Ǳ濴򵥣Ҳ֪ʲôȻһ㶼壬ԽԽ񫡣
Ҫ͵䷽Ǽǲܵģһεˣֻ׵صĺ
ʵǮбģȻҲһҹ֮Ͱѵ̿ӣ׼ӣбˣǲʱ䣬ͻȻ֣Լæôã´Ǯˣ˭֪һӵĹףһӾһͿء
ֱʣǮܿҡҡҡͷԹҲˣ񣬶ִµĳԷֻˣǸǲ򵥣ҲֲǸ϶Ϊ
Ǯجج߳˸Ǯ
Ǯϰ壬㻹ûǮأôҪ԰ѽ
ǮĲУҪǮȴΪ̫ǮûãһʱȵĲУӺȥǮ
ˣ͵ιˡ˵Ǯˣ˵
Ǯ̲ס϶˭ǹ
ɲǺƢǰ˦Ǯһ⣬ʲôһҪϹϾĺһ壬㵹ˣˣ


47 
Ǯ˰, ȷԼһ⣬ǰ棬һʱŭ, , ϶, Ҷʢʱأѽ
Ҿ¥ڶ棬ǮһϾͰ˺˹, һʱͽ
ȴǱֶɫ糣, ղһƻ˵žҪǰ
, үӣ嶯ƹϾǰţں涢ףһٴαѧˣһֱʮֽ, ʱ, ǮѾ˵ϡ
̲סգһֱ֪Ƣ, û뵽, ԼƽʱҪЮҩȾơ ҲƢ, ˵ԼϹ۲ͽ, Ҳ˵˵, ûķ
һʱ˹, Ǿ¥ߣ쳤Դ
ۿⳡͿƲסˣ˵Ǯƹģȫǵ˶֪𣿡
ǮȻ룬ˣʲԥ䣬ȻԼҶӲһŽˣ̲סôˣ˵žǰȥ
ǮүһƿǮ⹷Ȼ˼үϣȥϴ
Ǯֱˣô£
ǮүǮ㶣ùչһ£۵ֱûʲô˵үүˣô治ǣ
ٴҲҶӣӲ쾭壿
˵ǮԼҲ״ƹȴһ˼ģȻ֪һЩģԻ˵˵ǮһӺǼѣծƵĲҪҵİ˳Ҫ˵Ҳʱǵ£ս˵һġ
Ǽв˵ĳӣһһĺ֣˵ǹæˣøƹӦǶԵġ
ǮүǮⲻǣ壬ҽ޷ͷл˵ſȴ˿һҪ͸Ͻӣ£ǺģһǮ£
ǮǮүƵûȴĵĲʣ۾Ѫ죬ĻҲҵӣԺλ⣿
ǮүȴģǲҪ˵ž;ҵĿ
ǮǸТӣһʵһҧֻܲĵĸͷϴǱ
˵үүǸϧȴģ͵˵Ĳײ˵㱳ˣôǮѾز𣿡
Ǯүͷˮ壬˵ǣһȥͺú
һ߰ɣǰ氭ۣ
л̧֡Ǯүһ㣬Ǯ͸ϽˣһʱֵȺҲɢȥˡ
ǼĳҲˣи˵ʱʦүӵĻðǾ¥ߵý˵ģôǮҲʶ
۵ǲ֪ǰҶ  ȻûдǰǰˣһǮһҷ
˵£游Ǯ游æ游˽ӵһɽ˾ͰǮҵ洫Ĳ峤游˵͵ǷҵģԺҪֻܷԸ
û뵽ƹ˵ľȻģԭֻãǰ֮ԼҲһǸǮү־壬ϧǮǰ¹»Եʣ˵Ҳʡ
ǮڶվͰǮǻˣǼߵĳӶʱû˻Ҫȥľ¥ȴû˿Ǽиƹֱ˭ҹӶǣһﱳСˣ²һֱ˴ӱͱһ
޷ֿ޿ƽʱǺܺ˵ˣǵʱǱɱ˫ۣһʱϾ˺Ϳ£֪ˣ˿յϣٸһλᡣ
ȴ˿ֻϰΪƣȴɵӣĪҪˡ
ïˣڴ˻ᣬһȺҪĶԼģߵʱô˵֣ôһߣ˻ĳԷ̲͹ˣֱҪأڸ˵֣
ǼЩЩȴǵͷȻĲУˣ֮еľټҰȥ˱еȥ˼ݣܹ⾩ȴû˸ˡ
Ϊʲֻƹ˵춼ϲ£²졣
Դӿ֮ͻȻǴ˼Ѫһ㣬 ಻ԣҲ֪ѧϰûнݾֿҪԵģҲסˡ
ʱһζܿ͵̫ٳǶһٹٴ빬٣̫ͻʵһͬܰٹٵĹݣ֮ǳԾϯˡ
ʵǰͰٹƣ̫ں󹬣һŮ죬󹬼ƷӣھǣиֹǵĹݡ
һʱһͬڵϸ̫ǳ漫Ϊ׳ۣ̫Ǹˣ֮Ļˣ֪̫𣬴ﶼǺͷйأģҲͷ𾭣˾ȻҲǴֱˡ
ĺУ˫ӱ̫󿴵ķˣ̲ס˵˵ŮãһȻǲףɣ
˶̫ǳϲƷһʱЩڣ֪Ҳ׸Ʒˣ˫ȻѵãҲ򲻵
̫֮һֱ䣬ҲʮֵĺͰף˶²⣬²ΪʺӣҲˣȥʹżֺˣСҪҧˡ
̫ЩˣʣµľڹƷߵĵ֡
ȻҲ̫һͬȥ׼ź˯̫ʹˣּһֱʣϴ֮ܿ˯˹ȥ
ʹͻȻһ
С㣿ԭŮӲվ
￴ǳˣһӾǵסֱۣҹùģղվ棬Ȼҡ漴ֵղźѽһֱ̫ԣǹҲû档
һֱžҲͷһ·ߣһ˵״
żɬ˵ҹùѾҶһ¡
䵹ҲûоȣĹùϼ޸˵ʦ˴ˣǺεȵȨƣҪҸʵѡȻ¡
˭ң
һӾͺˣλ顣
ü˵ǸǰӸ޵飿


48 
ΡĹ, ʱй·ԶбʿһڵѲߣνǾΪĵط
ǵĸ˵е, ߸ߵĺɫǽ, ʳݻƷѣֵĹ, ĸ輧, ǸͬξһĻʳǣľһֱþ ҪǾԸ, ҪʵĿˡ
̫Ŀ⣬нܼķͷ, ֪, λѾʮþˡ
ֻ̡ ˶Ǹֻͬ, ΨȴԼһ·ס̺Ľ, û, ҲûжӴ, ֻԼԼսսߵ졣
ٿһԵ, Ž³ױӣͷϵıʯͷ, ȥްٱڵʱһΣ¥ϰ廹Ǹ, , Ƽ, ֻһ۾֪, һ߽Ƕ
ڻ¸ǲҪ˵ɵľ͵õҵĻ£ڸˣǱã·ˣټӡ
ȻǸ˵ңȴãͷ鼸ûʲôˡ
еҪѾ˼ܵõҪģеˣãֻҪͰܵóԸȻ۵ģҲôһڻ־ѾȲѣĸ׹ź˵Сʱһ˸裬Լȥȡðġ
ϲѽ
һӾͺˣһʼù޸ʱȻǲԸģ̫˵Ͼһ֣Ҽли̣ǵżˣһӾͱĳסˡ
ùû˵øʮֵĿˣǿŴүͶүķ֧ڸģҲ֪ͼиʲô£ø  Ժ޹ȥˣҾ͸ιˣʱٲҪھˣǶ棿
㵮¶ӣǾҵĳӣ˼޹ȥ˵ңҪӵɫ˵̾һڣȻԼҹ֮ļǼͱ󣬵жദȻԶùȫΪ˺ãɲ֪ܲô֣Ҫ֪øԭѡŮӹȥء
ɬ˵ڶʱҪϲư
˵Żͳ˹˹ſȻҪֿˣǲᣬＫȥͣһӣʮֵصǡˣʡ
ȴԸʱͳߵ̫ԽʱԽҪС΢Ҫ̫Ǹֵľǰˡ
̫ˣһҪȥһּǻҪһͬȥǼҵĻĲ
˶ʱ¶εɫЩȻ˵Ҫ޸ˣ˻֮δˣǰ޲ǿּǻʱǶڰɣˣ´Լɡ
ٻɡ
䱾Ͳһ˵ǷҪȰȻЩ飬ΪһʧҲҷɾ衣
˷ֿ֮ȥּǻⲢһιԣҵ֮󲻾þһΣһ̫һ죬žź̫ûúóһڣŵּǻ⣬ʱ;ֵҲˡ
ȻҲɵģҪţйƤһ㣬ûʲô񣬺ܿ͵ּǻͿּǻſڣƮйζʮֵˡ
ϣⲻϵط𣿡
˵ͷַ𣿡
أӦøүںԺҪҰȥƹԹӭ䣬ֵĹͣʮֵĿģϾҲţԷ˵̫ܵϲ
֪ʶھӣƹľ͸ˣһᡣ
⵹áŸƹ¥ϲ¥ߵһż䣬ҲȡĺܺüѩŻҪ¸СѩһѩʮӦʵ顣
ȥ·ϣ俴µĹףʵ˵ʲ
ƹЦ˵ȡ£˶˵ֲӵ˵ǳȵģӦý̡
ȻЦˣǲζֽʲô
Ǿͻʲ˰ɣ
ƹķǳĬ˵ʲôܴϻ˵Żܿ͵¥żõ̫ʹͣǶʮĻƽ˵ˣ֮ǰǰ㣬ÿһ̲˶Ҫü۸
õʲô
̰ɡ
һԽ̲סЦŸƹ˵ǿܳζĹ׺ˡ
ϡ
һ˹һͣȴŨ׵ɫ׵Ĵ俴žʮֵۣеζһӾʳָ󶯡
һźţ⣬һЩ䰮ԵĲˣַֻϺȥ˾ʹһʢٷ齴ȵζϣһ˿̰ɫĴ䣬ʮֵƯ
һڣ֭㣬⻬ۣͷ㡭  һھԵڶڣų⣬һףι˵ףθų꣬ǱһָֻοֻˬĲС
տǳԵеࡣ
̣һǵһγԵ ַģҪǵھͺˣóһڡ
Դ䲹Ʒ֮󣬽־ͶǸм̲ס޵ַڳϵЩ
ɲǣóˣȥ˴кͻȥɡ
ͳż䣬ƿžͿ¥иϤӰǲȣôҪ֪ʵۿһҲ벻ء  Ȼ䣬뵽ʲô׻ԻʵҲ
ȻϾͿÿ˾¥ӣȻ󿴵ڹĻʵԺ˹
Ժ㴩һ˿Բ쳤ۣϵͬɫϵ˿УͷŻƤ£Ϊ
Ҳ֪ȸС˵ʲôСԺȥ˺档
վһԣȻҲǿˣһͬ빬һμ˻ʵۺ̫֮ǰ䣬λүǲǹλʵۡ ȫȷˡ
ִߵô˵ܿһ̲סҡͷҲ̫ĵ˰ɡ
¥ߣȥ
ּɫˣ̲סҪ侲Ҫڵ

һͿƹЦʵˣô𣿡
ͦóԵġ䵭˵ַǲںԺóˣȥַ˴к
ƹͽȥ˺Ժյſھ洫˵ЦԺ㼫ΪˬʵЦôʹʲ̣
ǿԼȡĲǡ
ſһƹҪȥţˣͻȻȻȥˡ


49 
в, Ϸż鶹¯Ա߿һ, һֻɫĴУе, ҵĴ󽫾, ҧѽϡ ҧϵ, оֻתʱȴʮֵ, ⶼжˣôһ֣

Ժ¯ӱϳԻ, Ӹϣû, ȴʱ˽, Ժ߶˼, ԺĿ⽥䣬, ȥš
, С֪ˡɫһ, ˳ȥ
ˣ, £
Ժȴҡҡͷ, һС, ֵ÷ġ
, ָһ˵, үϺϴζˣǺܺθڣֱһЩ
Ժæһ죬׼̫ٵ飬ЩϯϵĲˣŲʵʣ˵ζܶĲˣŷ͵ǰѾˣһİͣһ۾û¿ˡ
ǳһЩ˵棬ƽհԵĶȻʮֵĸˣּΪϺůůġ
˶һۣĿҪһֿһԵҲЩܲˣصĿһʲôأǰɣóԷͳԷ͵
ԺѾˣҲЪ˰ɣ
Ҫ˵ǲá
Ժȴ˵үû𰮺ãƽȴϲպüвٳŻۣˡ
ȥˣһźŵȽȻ˻飬ȴʮף˻ʵ۵ˣŻ˳֡һγţ˶ˡ
ȽһֱŻʵ۷Ͼ˼Ƴ࣬һҲһģ൹ǲ٣֣ĵݵǰ档
ǸϾƹһζͲ³˴ţǶʮ˻񣿻ͬ˵ĺơ ţû𣡺üһǼƹȥ֮ƹղУһֻʮҪ͵Ϲ϶Ѿ򲻵ˡ
ԺүӣҸ㵹һһڣ
⡭ղŻڵͻȻûƢèȴͷҲ̧˵УܺȾƣ
ôͲܺˣⲻǸͣҩ˵ٹ¼ҩҲ˵ʵСܵ塣
ǲС
ѽǲж˵ܺȣƫãǹĲǣ
ͰѲ˵һָָĶ˿ʵʵ˵еĸһ֣
ԭأûĵеĲ˵Ŀ˵㣬ûǳģô൱ͽܣ˭ǶʦģȻҸʦ죡
ԺƼˣϾһԲ˸ƺϵķʱһɾƮ˳
ȻŵˣϾĬ£һűŤŤ˵ʵеĲˣ͵ˡȻСʵܺ˲
һΪѵģֻܺһС
һСҲУ
ԺһۣһɫᣬһЦ⣬ʮֵĬ
ԺȾƣһһڣѾʮˣЩӱܵģһھƶúȡ
ʰһȥˣݺõĺ춹ѾݺˣɰһСŴ׳ųԲӣ˰ʱˮɵĲ࣬ټˮԲӣһͬ
ˮһ룬Բ˾ͿԹػˣǣŴ׶ɳͳˡ
ȻȵĺСһСܿͼˣԺ棬ڳȻߣָһơ ˶һۣôһɲǵİ죬ʵȣ
ⲻǲúȣȶȻô˵ȴһֱǾƱԺһ㣬Ҹ˵Ҳͽܣҿһ㶼Ǳƽܺ˵ӣⷢƢǡ һƢһԲС
ǻǵãһν͵ȾƣҲûƢͶ˵ҪʦԺ͵ûչͽܣȻˡ
֮¶û֪ǵġ Ҳ֪ô˵˸ͷʱ˵ⶫԣ֮ȷʵʱҲ֪ʲô飬ͺܲζΪ̫֮ˣͷȥŶȥ
֮֮ͺǴĳĬںȾƵ飬һֱʮء
Ժǲв˵Ժ
۾һԺֵȻΪãֲУҲ¶Ӳǣ
ӣҵһμʱ;˲
Ժüһμҵʱ򣬲Ҫ˵ţ
ǰԺڳ˿ճҲ˵仰ϾҪϻعȥʱҲڡ
ǸƢԺ۸ǸŮҪֱӾ˵ҪԺ㣬ãˣԸ
εЦⲻǹȥˡ漴Ҿ˵ǻҪеĻ
ԾƣԺֿʼ
Ϊ̫ûкȾƣֻ飬ƾ΢ˣԺҲȵеˡ
ͷﻹûֻ¯̿ʮʢӳճ˵պͮͮġ
ͽǸŮѽǸ˸Ӳ֪ϧ˵￴Ժ㣬Դֿ˵ӣɲҪѽ
ԺʮֵĴܿǸǽˣȴԸΪ˵ܿͷԼˣΪֺݺӣҪģҵһ㣬ʱǲĳܿŲţ
Ժ㣬
Ժ̲סţ⵽˭޹˭ûţ˵УǱǸСѾͷ˵ǰ㣬˵Ǹס
һ뵽ЩԺĵᣬϾͷİɣֻ۸ҵķݶ
ٺ٣ǿɲҲ˭ͽܡĽ
ʱѾԵĲˣԺϾ͵Ǿÿڿء
ŴԲŴ춹ɳɿڣʮֵĺóԣһֱ޵ҲһС롣
Ѿˣۼȥ˯ˣɽҵչ˺͸Ժһͬȥ¥ż䡣
Ժϲ͸ɴ಻ˣĳרĵطһ¥һʵϻҪϻȥɣȥ˵Ժûķ䣬һ䷿ɽס뵽˵
ȻĲ׽Ժȴп䣬ס֣̲סҲ˹ȥ
ҪԺ˵˵Ͼûмˣ˭֪ԺžֱӰѹǽסˡ
ء £
ýյԺ飬һʱΪΪ˴ϢķſѾһ룬Ժȴ۾Ƶ˵㲻𣿡
ӳÿϣĿеᣬ޷԰Ρ
϶ǷˣȻԺ㡭  ֻҷҧţǽȴ־ʮֵĴ̼ڼ仹Ժҧгʵ׿ɷˣȻһ󱩷һ顣


50 
Խ, ΪʡͲů¯ˣĹ£Ҳס, ֻɫһֱЩ԰ף֪Ļ¡
ԥ, ˵ǧҪ뿪ѽ
ȴ, ʲô벻ģ
ЩǵĿ, ̾ҿɲΪһûûֵŮӾҪҪˣҪǵǸλãֻǡҲ˵ڴϿ˻ʵۣ⻹ǽ֮һοԭӢͦ, , ϵ̫͵ڣٹǹݣǳ, ϵĹҫҫ۵ĽƲĿ⡣
һ, ֻѪ, ᣬһ뵽Ҫи, ҪΪŮ, Ϊֺ, һ, ͲԾɵĽ
һˣȴͻȻһŮǻԼӵķһϸ֪һɲЩʧ̬Ѿػָǡ
ʵ֪ͻʵЩѰû뵽Ѿ˽ͨĵزʵἷʱʵ̫ˡ
ôŮӣΪƫƫҪַˣ
Ҳ벻ͨģʵ۽ȴʮֿ
仰Ȼûд𰸵ģûֱص˼Уԡϴ˴ŶŸҴĽ˵ַݣһҲù⣬ûҪΪ˷ִ磬СĹһֻûп顣
ȻЩԸ֮ǰոնĹۣϾǣǽ־òһŮˣ˭˽ͨ
Ҳ֪˵ĶԣЩΪǸλεı˶˼ǿģʱţū֪ˡ
һֱⶢţֱȷڵ˯˹ȥ˵ʶࡣһԵ˵ﶢţиʲô紵ݶҪϱֱӻ˾ǡ
ղ̫죬춼ûµûУֽŷԺһһ߸ϵġ
ϵôϵģ
ԺȴûаĲͷͬСʱ򣬸õĲ޴·һ㣬ʮС
ߵĲУڰæˡ
Ŵ룬ƺкܶ໰Ҫ˵ȴ־㾲ıһʮ㣬İȶܰ
ȻʵѾ˹˭ּ֪ǻ֣ʵ۾ȻߣȽòУȴֲȥѻʵۣ˾ͼһģ˵磬ˣûعȥˣ̫ҲӦˣ˵ڵȱء
˵ǿ϶ڵȻʵˣ
жȽǱӣԼǵĻʵ۲ˣ͵⻵ˣʵ·Ѿһ˭֪ʵ۾Ȼӡ Щڻ̫磬Ӧһġ
ֻǵȴû·ˣʵ㿴ҲȫΪУΪʱƣڲԵҲѻʵۡ
ûõĶҪģȻһʲȥȽϾ͵ͷȺһߵſڣţүǻȥˡ
γһ㣬ԺүѾˡ
Ժ㱻ƿֻؿһӾͿգһŵ͵͵˵ˡ
˵ͷһݸԺ㣬û¾˸ӡ
׵׵һõó˫壬涼һĻƣֺֻҪԺͻһ£֪оˡ
ԺȻϲģӲ뷨£ĸҪ˵ģȻ壬Ҳ֪ҪһƷҪѲʱ䣬˷ֿ֮ÿ춼Ҫһ
͵ģҶϲ
ԺҲóһɫĽЦ˵
ԺڴĿУ˽ϵӣһöСԲӣڰҹ﷢ӫȣ飿
Ժϴβ˵Ȼ̣һҹ̫ҵʱŻͺˡ
ʱһ䱧ԹҪԺһҹŪƣģʵǰʾԺϢˣǰûȥȴǼǵ顭
ԺΪ˸飬ȥⷿãҪüɣѡһһ϶ϲġ
ȴͻȻʵүǲӼ͵ģ
Ժ㣬
ϽŻؽӣ֪ү⣬ⲻУ컹ȥɡ
Ⱥ˰ҲԺͿһŷ죬׼»ʵۣһĻûЦʵ͵
ɻǼǵãʵڿⷿ﷭˰죬̬ ϲ̵ĸһûʲô
Ҳ룬ȻǱסЦһ룬Ȼеͬʵˣĵȴ
ֻķӦҲ֮Уֵǣǵҵıôģ䱦еļƷ޼ۣҲ򲻵
ԺԼĶϲȻϲģ𣬶ʱڶӨӨĹȻǵһοĳ˵һ㣬ַס⣬ÿػصķãһԵԺȴʮݵĿľٶ
湻ŻıסԺ㣬һڣ˵ÿҺϲ
Ժ֮ǰж಻ͷжٵίһҲɢˣֻʣĵĻϲȻͶˣǸΪΪ˺һЦϷ顣
ǶĥһԺ㣬εָ£Ժëձñ
Ժȥ̫̫࣬ˣЪŰɡ
ȴ˯̤ʵҪȥ
ԺֲòȥͰҡ Ҵߣ˾ҲϤȥɡ
ҲûоܾԳȴǳ෴ķȥ˼Ժ㻹̲סÿȥȴǱˮе㣬һͷûоˡ  Ժв֪ʲôζѴ޵˲ɣ
ȣմӱԺҪһˣһ뵽ȥٲҪ̫ʣܿͷȽϺãͺïǸвסģҲƵһ·ĵʮãǺܿ͵ˡ
ʵ̫ˣȥԡʱ˯˹ȥǲָشϵģմͷ˯ˡ
ŵڶϢЩϴ֮ڳţһ뼦˿棬Ũʮֵɿڡ
߽˵ˣǸӻˡ
һʱû˭Ųѣ˵ǰӾȵĵһͯŵ
һ˾Ůͯ˵¶ʹɫݵһѹͷŸա
պóˣߣȥơ


51 
ְ˰סһԺ, еԶһŵ, ͷ϶ðϸܵĺ
û֮ǰѱʹͷһ紵˵֦΢΢, , ֪Ѿɽˮĵزˡ
֮󣬴޾ֱӹˣȾá
ԭôĺ, ȴǹ, ˭Ĺһ, ƫƫɳ̻εȥ, ΪûеĽֻ޴ѡ
, ôˣ
ǰ챻ĺиϳûطȥ, ɽ죬̫ˣͿʼ, Ͽʼһֱյڡ
ȥ, һž, Ϊڱ, ޶, һٶһ, ƼݵģֻǻܿƯٵë˳ͦΡ ǽĺܺãҲ֪ǵĸĸĳò
ûȥʲ֡
ȥˡӦȻȥˣȴΪסĵطϡٵıԺҪȺһܼС
ڵŵʮůͣǴȴǴźްϷգͷĴ󺹣̲ס⿪ӣǼ޵ıȼףȼС⿪Сϵϵſ£Ȼܿ籲ģѾȫˡ
ڼǾòȻû۾ʶľסֽ֣·ЩѣҪƿǴѵССģᣬͲˡ
ּѣôôࣿ
һԵĴͷ͵ĸˣֻСȭͷȴյĽģûչ˺á
ļ򣬵ϴˮ裬ÿԸ£˳һһҲŲֵ֣Ҳıˣӣϴɡ
˷ġҲӣ־ȥѣͻȻ۾۾ںڴƯʯһʱ˶ˣãȻ
һ̲סǰŮ
һԴ̲סַ˲ǵˣԼ˵ͺȦȴŬ۾ҪˮĻ䡣
ƺڿǰˣֽķſĿʧ䡣
ְѴѱˣŴ˵Ҳȥϴ衣
ҲϴҪá
пɲǮüŴ޵ϴǷҵӻûεģɾͲˡ  ҪôģҲû
޾ǿ죬ȴȥϴ
ŴӺַԼ֣ղŴѾסֻ֣ĺһʱٸнҪǵСһ㣬ǸδεĺǲҲˣ
һʱЩʧ䣬߳Ժӣյһʱ˹Թ԰Ը񣬺ܿ˦˸УҪչȥ׼ݾͿïŲй
̲δһɫļԲ쳤ۣŻƤձñףϱҩӣһģȻ͵ҲøˣֱӹˣպÿïɽҪȥУźαô鷳ȥƾˡ
ïȴУҸջأǷͻȥֺαɽܣ
̲һҲסˣï˵һ䣬ҲҿȻҲ֪ϵʲôʱԸСѾͷˡ
̲һһ򻰲࣬Ҳ˵׻Ŀ׵ۣܶ¶Ҳá
̲αȸȴУȥӰɣ˵ϾͿʼˣҲһˣ󲻵á
̲εͷ˵ǡ
鷳̲κǹⲻȥѾݰɡֵУϴȥⶼɽʱïɡ
̲ε۾һ¾ˣʮֺЦȷһΪ˳⣬ֵҪҪٴһЩ˻ȥ
̲β̫࣬ҾС

صïˣԴӼµĹ֮ϣҪʱǺݺ׬һʡ
ï˷ܵ˵ˣȥǺܿͿԿֵ˰ɣ
׼Ǯٿֵ꣬ٵȵȰɡһڲˮ¶ֵǵɫĸϴλ˵Ȳ̫ˣͲסˣȻ˲ҩȥһֱĲ£Ѿüûˡ
ï˵ˣҪǹʱȥΣ
ͷҲôģʱæģһܴҪؼҼ棬ĸ׼ʵʮֵķķˣ˭ҲңûؼϾТ
¥Ѿ죬Ӫиƹڹţиͻ״Աߣ뿪һӵҲõġ
ï˺ܸˣūҲûȥˡ
ŴЩʲôȥżŻȥ˵Ȼ죬ѾŲ̲νݣСѾͷˣ˷纮ҸСѾͷʩ룬ֳյҩ裬Ѿˡ
Ͳˡ
ڵ顣̲ȥԱ¾֣׼
Ժ֮󣬻Ϊ׷ֳԵĺ˯㣬ϵĻưĺʣһۼȴһֱǳ˲̲εҩųġ
֮Ͷ̲δΪĹۣȻҽҲûʲôȴʮֵ
̲һ˵Ƿ̫ƣ˯𡣡¸˸ķӣ˵ӳԣڳԸ¡
Ǹм̲Σûúдһ²ˣ˷ٻȥɡ
Ժ˵ƣ˰̿ϼְ֮ǰƺõⶼ˹
Ȼź£ȴȻ䣬Χ̿Ա߿ëˢڹˢһͣȻ֮ǰƺõ⣬˹̵壬ζҲһӾð˳
ڼžҹ⣬ζøˡ
ſ涼ûѪɫ˾ͿԳˣַˣҲûʲôˣͺïһͬԡ
̲ŵζ;ʮֺóԣڣȻرۣڼϻһеĵζֱ˼ζ
Ƹ⼸۵ùǺǽͻȻ࿴һ㣬ȥﶼָһѵ飬մȥǲμ̫磬ҲϢͣĻȥˣæڲŻ
֮ǰΪ̫æס˱Ӫѵûȥݷ뵽̫˾׼ȥԶŵǹζŻеζ¿ˮҲ˲ˣֱ¾ȥˡ
֮ǰʾһ飬ïͲ⣬ҶԵ㣬ï̲ס˵ˣô뵽ģ
ϴγ˵ʱпԱ߼ϣر㣬ҾôԻΡ Ȼ
ֱֹ̫óˡ
ڳʲôأ
һ̧ͷͿƸ̲סЦ˵үôпչˣïȥһ˫ӣõ˪̿һ̶ûУԾû̴ѣҲѬ
ˣæˡƸʶľԣһƯ˵һ̶벻ңһֱҪԱźţûջҿ㡭 ˡ
ïүǼ٣Կɣ
ѵøïҿǻǵãүһǸΪŵζ
ˣջвڣǾ͸Щ治ǣ
ƸӺãûʲôӣҶϤҲãïҲãϲ˲ֵĵ٩һʱ̲סЦҲЦ
Ƹ͵͵ȥü䣬ֻⶬյոĸߣǸ貣ҲƽһЩ
һߣָѡֻǵ׻ûסʵҪȥ
ָָߵǼ˵ַϵİ߾λиõģַΪʲôϳߣ˵ΪС֮󡭡 ˵ʲô˵˿϶Ϊóơ
ָ£ȴΪȻ˵Ҫôôûе̫ҽūҲƭƭַûŮӡ
ַ˿ɲû棬ɲҪС
ʵ⻰еԹ޵ĳɷ֣һʼЩƲ˽ͷ֣֮ƫƫȻʵۡ  ܲˣ˽²á
߰ɣԺĪҪ˵ֻˡ
ֺǲģÿӣţտž͸оһӾʹ˽ô¡
ֵʵ
ԶɽҪֱͦ˵֣˵һΣԺĪҪˣȻݹҲ֣
ĲںȻǣֻǻʵ۵ŮԺֻ಻٣Ĺǻع֮ĸξ쵮»ʳӣΪڹֻ¶ӣλȹ̡
Ų˵ˣʵҲ֪ô˵ñ
ʱЩ죬һˡ
֮ǰõҩӣ˵ԼҲҪһƣһβ̲ɽǡڳԿ⣬ͽȥ䡣
ߣպúпͷֿ̿ůͣ⻬㣬ٺһ²裬ʵ⡣
̲εַ⿾ʵǺóԣ֪ʲôơ
ڿһ⣬Ц˵˭³ƵζͰĿ˭
һʱ£˳֮⣬һ˵ľȻ䣬дн˿
һƸĵⲻϻʲô˲ġ
ƸıӺܵ˵һû˵أнͣΣۡ˵Ȼȫ˵ˡ
Ц˵һ
ֵͷһڿ⣬ƸǲģϾ֮ǰ۵ϣʵ˵ĵҲ֪û䣬˵ˣһҲǳ չȥţͻȻȻǷۣ
˵귢ȻҲ³ˣ˾Ȼͬĺ˳
죬û뵽һֱܵˣȻҲĬʱ򣬵¶ˣһһ롣
̲γԵδַˣҪڵΣ
ȴҡͷ̫ӷãʲôҪʲôãһһİѻþˡ˵Ȼүǳ˵Ӳꣿ
ôУҿɴû¥˵⿾ĥģҲˡƸ붼ûľ;ܾˡ
ҳһӣ⿾Ʒɣʱֻɾˡ
ƸʵЩĶϾƵе׬Ǯ˭⣿ο⿾óԣÿ϶׬ˣйְҲ߲ѽ
ЩաһһֱĬͻȻ˵⻰˵꣬һԵĽ־𾪵ĺ
һʼֻԥԽȴԽúʣ˹ɲ´ˣҪӵĵطˣ˵״ԽãԼ빬ûãо֧Ųȥˡ ׬ܶӣĻ̿̿ξһ׵ҲΪʡƸû꣬ԽԽǾĶ


52 
ʵ۸յſھͿػصⲽ, ſʵϾСܹ, ˡ
ĸôˣ
ֵţҲ̫ҽԼˡ
ʵüվԺ죬, ȥơ˵ž˽ȥƹͿŮվ⣬ȴǽյġ
ŮҪʵȴ˰, ȥ
ʵ, , ĸ󣡡
ȴûһ㶯ʵվ˺һҲ̫Ӧ͵ĸ, , Ҳˡ
ԼĪӣ̫Щ, , ˲, ѧĸˣ
ʵȴ, ôұĸ, ֻĸţγԵȥ漴ֵ޾ĸֱĸΪֹ
ʵ˵ĳϿң̫ȻãҲûˣ˺һſųҲûԣͲˤǻʵֿİ˷סĸСЩ
̫ʵ㶮£ɸֵ˵£ôͲϵͷ֪֮ǰλʺ󶼲⣬һεľԲģǸòŮ죬һãֽ˵壬дҷ緶ǸģҺ֪ȻԼϾġ  ֹҺЩеټ䡣ֵ˵ˣǻиС㣿ԲɰֻãƣһׯԿλһӿʣ㣬ãĸˡ
̫׼Ϊʺ󣬶С
ʵ۷̫޺ϣһˮ̫һڣɫԻſ˵ͷλʺʱҲô˵ģһģһ
𣿡
ǣ
̫һʱͰѲ豭ݺݵķϣѵһˮ˳ɲ㣬ôˣּȥ
ģǲ̤һΣҪػѣּȥɡʺľ
Ҫѽ
Ҫиô޾Ծȥ£ǾӦġʵۼ̫ķһӾ͹ĸҪˡ
ʵһֱʮֻżҪǼһ£ʮͷţҲ̫ô᲻֪
̫£ȴʮֵĲģ˭ܸԼϥ¿飿ο̫Ϊ˸ѡλѡҲǷ˲ôһϴλʵ۾ܾ̫Բ˽һԻ
˵ǲһң̫̲ס
ʵһ̫΢̬һϾ͵ϲŮӣ͸ĸ˵ֻҪףֵŮӣĸҲġ
ûС
ܣָʲô̫
ʵײʮǧֻȴƫƫϲ ̫Ҫ֪ٲҪϾ͵ĸ󣬶ҲһҪ
̫һŻʵ۵ʲô
֪˵˭ǲǣ
˻ʵ۵ķԸȥ˹ײģŷûʬ壬ʵ˼ȥֻ̫ġ
ԭ˵ģ̫һֱͱˣҪǲ˵ת̫ߣ̫һֱٸʵ׵ģ˵ͻᲨֻǵ˵־ѹĿ̫ãЩˡ
ĸΪʲô
̫Ѿסˣ̲ס۾ȫǺ⣬㲻Ҫܣȥ
ʵվ˰죬󲻸ټŭֻ̫˳պΪܹ֣£ǡ

ֱϾ˲飬ǳסģϿɫ糣ģ́ͷۻʵۣ֪Ѿزסˡ
£ˡ
ʵ֪û̫󷢻ǲ¶һģȻЩҲûа취ӸµĿֵ֣ǰ̫ƽղţֻ⹬
ֵͷһ仰ûС
ʵ۴˺һž䣬һϾ˴˻ʵ۵ϣ£䣬ˡ
ʵ۹·žůһЩ޶ˣȻش˵ܲޣǸô˿ţûһȣĸϵʱ޾ʣһˡ
ȿһֱǵأӵĿ˶㣬СС;ѾҪɱˣɼĺ
ȵҲǴ¿ʼԶĸӵġ
ܱ˶ƣȥʱ˵ʱǰ£Ϊ֮ǰ˴̼˵ԶҲǸӣֻҪû취ͷ
ȳһȻ๼ʵ˼ʹɱˡ
ʵֵ˵Ϳĸˡ
ֻĿڿʵ˼ƻʵºб̫ȵۿһϢģǾıõģ
̫
̫Ҳ̫˰ɣѵûһʵ۲ˣԽԽľ
ʵȻ֪ˣһֱãΪűŸһһʱƽ
ᷳطʵ˵ǰߣԲ밢˰ĺţӦñ
һΪʲôʵһֱȴûа˴빬ԭ򣬵ȻԭΪ޵ݡ 룬ʵҪ빬Ҳûа취
߰ɡʵͷ漴ǵǰˡ
ԭΪʵۻȴֱӻ޹˵˰˯ˡ ÿλʵû취ķͻ㣬ӣƺֻҪ˯һͻû¡
ʵ֪ʵ۸ȥûȥԭֻΪڲʣ̫ͻʵֵ˽ӲʱȻἤŭ
***
Խѩ¸ûꡣ
ص˼Ун˱ˣǵ࣬Ȼ֪ãȻҲС͹źǱˡ
ǵūֻһ㡣
ֻʣ²һӣȴֻ˿ҡ̾ϻóԪǴ̫ǱߵõʹִͣκĦ˰죬óһ˵ȫȥҳҲ˰ɡ

빬֮Ҫӵĵطأ֮ǰѵ̿ԺҲͶһӪˣʱܲǵãĸѾûˣ뵽Ŀ
ٴμʱ򣬾Կ죬Щ׽ſе֣ȴ¶һԥԥģ
ֻûƸ׬Щӣûȵȴð һ⣿ԵʱҲû˵ʲôֻǿ̬ѵǴ㿪һ¥

ǼǵȥеʱȻܶණŰȴǾɻˡ


53 
, Թʿụֵ̼̃Ӫ
һʱסû뵽ܾ, ĻȻû, ̼ȷʵǵ΢, Ҳһֱǰ߸ϵԵʣ⾩еĹ, ˭ÿЩ̺ţҪ̽涼дɽ, ǳеĴԱ
ȻЦ, ǿ, һʱ˵ľȣϾͻָ֣˵, Ҿʡ
ߺïȥϴˮ, ̲ס˵ūЩˣ˵Ʋǰɣ Ҫ˵Ҫð, ȴһ߸ϵģֵ, Ҳ, ˵ʲô, ȴÿиʲô¶Ằ
ͿĨһҩ, Ҳǲ̲θ, ˵ǶԷɫܺãÿ˯ǰĨϣ⻰ǲ̫ϲûֱһױһ׵Ц滢ϺͳֵܣһӵģǷ飬޲ñͱһ뿤һ£ûʲô֮ġֵʱǻΪǰʱҲǸռˣʲôҪԼԹͲ˵ˣҲǣͻڸĸ廨֣ȴһǧ뾩ֻΪ˸һп˶ţֺα㡣
ū澾ǲϲ
ЩԸǰ˵ǿڵʱסͻȻ˵ԺҪйʱ򡭡  ҪһЩ档
ïҪ˵Ȼиȵүôˣ
Դӷֿ֮һֱóԾͳԸúȾͺȣƷǳ⣬˵ʵﻹǺǣԺģ⻰æЬŶ
һ򿪾ž͸оһӾʹ˽ֱ£ǿվſڵˣɫĵ£Ժ㴩һɫĴ멣վţһӾ̲סЦ˳ү
Ժ˯һƺֻصǸˮʱܶˮ³ˮûһ˿ڳģµĲУƴҪȴһʹ һ̧ͷͿĸҪȣȴĸĮĿһʱֻңı۾
֮ͷһζѣѾˣģ޵ֻһյƣӰͶǽϣԵôµš
ĸأ
̫ѾЪˡ
ԺȻ;һҲȥˣ£ȻȥӻʺĽųһǳɣֻǵŵɽıԺ⣬ȻЩ
᲻ԵЩ̫Ȳˣ
ųӦ̫ܵϻŵ£ôЦܳԺҲԾصĸЦȻչֱۣһ˹
ֱﱧˣԺžһȱںһ㡣
Ժæǳ´ϣȻ˱ߣԴ˵Ҳ˵ഩһ
ʵʵ˵һʱˣˡ
⻰ȻκεĴǻ黰ҪˣԺԭ·ϻЩڣ֪ԼΪʲôҪôҲǲϲ̫ȶӦڹġ
һ̣ͻȻ;һжֵˡ
ڣïȥˮԺϴȴڳϵĶůï˰ů͹ȥɡ
ïҲȥ뿴ֺģ빬˵
ԺںȲ裬⻰̲סʵïѾͷ˵˭
ïǸǸ
ѾͷǷȷʵǰߵʲô˵ˡԺ
ïԼϴ˵Ļһʱ飬¾ͨ˵үū澺Ϳ˵˲˵Ļүдԭ½
Ժ֪ïϲѾͷҲɣҲȫ㣬ֻ˵ﻰѡҲΪԺ㵱ʱȻûïԭ
ԼŴ׸װɫŴ׸⣬״Ŵɿڣʺҹ漢ˣһͷ⻰üһٵķүÿιǳҵ˯ҵģɲףô𣿡
˺ͺ֮ʶһǵϾԺ㲢УҲİס
һԲû·ҪǶã͵˵ϣïҲͨ죬˶һۣ׼һȥˡ
Ժִżݵ˵ô飬ҪֲҪһӡ
̲סЦһӾ˹Ժչֱ۱ס̲סյһ취ûС漴˵빬Ҳɲôսսġ
⻰ƺ˵ģҲǶŻûŵï˵ġ
***
ȥ·ϣ޴뼡ڣŷϵİѾˣůҲû
˰죬Ƥ»ǰģΪȽ£Գ빬һֱţٺõҲסôƵ  в֪ʲôζҪԹ޸ףȴ׶ϳ谮ߵһƺҲǱȻ֮УϾֻһ游˵£˹ȴΪûаѼ֧
Զ뾩ǣûڳְЩʧ˵Ĺ˥ܡ
һԵĽֵַҲ̫֪ôˣ˵Ҫɿ꣬ô;ܾˣѵ֪ԺҪ
ü֣˵ˣ
ȥ䣬ѵñ֮ǰľһʱͷū澾濤ֵ
ʲôֵģͻȻ˵ϴξ˵ˣĪҪ˵ֻˡ
ū澿ѹ
еѹһֱӦȻϲҰݣ϶ҪͽģȲ˵Լݣ´Ѿ̫ϲˣʵ۵Ļ¶̫ģһҲ˾Ųʮ
ǽͻȻ֣ʵ䵭
˼У̫ʹ͵ʯڼָֻյš
***
ԺѾˣŴӴͶů⣬ֻһ˯ʮֵʹ졣
ԱߴȵүҪ𣿡
Ժ㿿ڴرʵַأ
һѹһ˵ڳء
ԺźϴŴ߳ţڵŵůģէȻͳ̲סĴһ¡
ûѾЦԹԣⶬﻹ˳Բ
ǳԲģ
Խӣ
Ժ߽ȥһһˣڴڰӣһźɫ̶ƽСԳ
ͷӰ֬δʩ¶ƵļҪС꣬չϣԵ
үˣԺ̧ͷȥЦ˵˽߰ɡ
ӣ
үǶˡһ˵
Ժˣ̫֮󲽲ƣһֱͷ»ʺ飬ÿζֵĲ̫죬ӹĺķ˶ˡ
͸˵ˣǲɢ
ûйֵĶˣ
үҪʲôڶģ
ָָļӣڶģǸǼ»ڶǰײģǶ˿ڶܵڶ
Ժ㻹ǱȽϲ⣬ͷ˿ڶҲϲɡ
ڶÿӷڶƤϣֻôһգٷſͰƯĽ
İڷһԣʮֵƯ
Ժ㿴ϸүҲһɡ
ҲԺ㻹ûӣǼļ򵥣ôһ󣬽Ӿͳˣ̲סԾԾԵ
˵ҽ
ȾüֱûˣڹĻʵ۾Ȼӣǿʵ̬ƺͦģ
ůǽ̨ϻŻ𣬵Ҳ䣬Ժѵ£ϴֻԱߡ
𣿡
Ժ㰴ķһ£ǰˣģ̫ÿüУڰһ
˷ѽҪæסȻһԣϲ̵˵⻹үһΰӸҳԡ
ԺôϲȻãǵڶǰãҲ£ʲô𣿡ˣȴǴЦҲࡣ
ڰïߦƤȴ֧ģĻ̲ס룬Թԣôӡ  ַ˵ǻˣҲֲûʵħһģԲѡ
ԺһʼȷʵǲãǺҲģˡ
ïߦƤߦĺܿ죬գ۹һԱ߻иʮһͯҲߦƤһ°ɫ̺֣ƫݣʮ㣬һϸµü۾Ϸˣȴǲһ衣
߹һۣ̲סƤҲ̫˰ɣ
˵˲ᣬǷҪ
ֲšŴ޵Ķ䣬ǷӾͺú£Ҫ͵
ïЦ޺ƿ֣ͷߦƤ ָһ㣬ϲǳ뷹мҪһ㣬Ȼơ
Щ飬ӲҳԵĶ࣬ҪǸķ̫óˡ

ѧƨˣ
ѵĲѾˣһɫСԱ߰꣬⻰̲ס˵ĺóԣ̻Ҽӣźģ㡣
ķ۵ģ˵ĴͯʮֵĿɰ
ϲѣ׽ӲͬԸɰرϲ
ҩʱ򣬲ֻܶ࣬Ҫڶһȹ⣬ȻοֻΪ˵õĿ佱
˴Ļ̲סЦֱּ۷Ź⣬ϡִȥǡ
ȴǿЦŵȥɣǲܶԣһֻܳһǡ
Ÿ˵صĸŲˡ
˸ߣʹһҪԼ»ڶĽӣ
ƸŴܽͻȻסˣԺڴһӣԺһƯĽӣ̲סЦԺһڣһòһӢůϣһƻһ㣬ⳡƯĽƲߡ
Ƹ֪ΪʲôȴǰǳĴĿ
ƸЦ˵֪ϲԾ»ƼڶѾ㱸ˡȻָָһľڶ
ïү˵ϲԾ»ƼڶģūȥϻؽģһضҪԵ㡣
ʱûʵ߲ˣҪֻܻؽůģǶǹŴ󻧵ģѰ˸Բ
Ƹԭѹ׼ڶ˵ĲУʱͰѸղŵʧ׵ˡ˶
Ц˵ҿʲô漴ʵҪҪһ
Ҫһӣ
ƸȥϴֻԺм˸λ
Ժ㣬
ƸƯָͷҲܺÿϸ޳׾Բǳ죬ƤϣȻ׽ŽƤһ۳ƯһΪƯĽӣСһ룬ˣƣǲǺܺÿ
Ժ㿴ԼģٿƸģĿ⽥


54 
յ͸, ӳĵļ׵Щ͸Цü, ʮֵ
ôƯ
кְܶ, õǱȽϿ, ڶź, ֽסߣͿ, ȱڶ, ҳѧߺ׻Ūò, ƸõһֱȽϷģһİѱСһ塣
ܰܶڶЩ鷳
ƸģҲ, һͰһţԺЩббĽΪͻ, Ķĺÿ
պϰɡƸĵ⣬ȴٵǫ飬ָԺ˵, ģ, 
ԺɫһӾͺˡ
һ԰⣬ƸĻ, ޲ð, үǲǴˣȻڵ泰Цʵۣ
ҲǣĲŵ, ʲô˵
ĳձͺ, ѧ, ѧĵǸȫˣǰܶȫƾоȴ֪ԭոһ¥⼸ڶĶǡôʮֺóԡ
˽ˣ⣬«ʣݿ˵ȡ ζˣ˵⺢ӿƢãȴǸø磬Ŵȥҩˡ
ѵķ纮ȻˣЩԣԵοԵĸҩ
һʳгװϲˣȥ
ַͦģһ͵ˣŽȥιѺˮ
̣ѿ˵İˮһž͵ŵ˹
ĺÿЦʱںڵ͸࣬ЦϾĽ˶ݣ̲סѵķ˵ǲǶˣ͸ԡ˵ŻѲ˴ʳ˳Աߵĳϡ
ʲôĴ˸ӣŰֵԲ̲סϲ˵Բ
Ц˵ǱߵĶǲҪԲó̸ģ֥ڶġֵﻹˣԲ
૵˵СʱԲ
Ŀ˼ãȻֱ飬ĸ׵ͣǿЩѵͷԺÿ̶Ժòã
һӾͱסСֱ۷ǳģ̲סĴѵĺ󱳡
ԣȥæˡ
һԵĴ޿ḻĲȣվһۿͺˣŵʱ򣬳
ˣóԷɡ
תͷҪߣԼ䱻קסˣʹͷ˿ݣ͵͵˵ַˣҳһᱨġ
룬ѵ˵ֻ
ģַˣĶҶż̧ͷ۽ǹ飬ĿǳϺ;ġ
״޵飬ԭĺúõģǼе֮ӣȴͻȻĸʣԭĸ޶ã׵常ҪɱҲ
һϦ֮綼ˣ޸Ͳ֪˭ˣܵĶ˶ŵ⡣
⻰Ǵ޳׷ķţӿɽ̣ǰǡ
ҼסĻɲҪʳˡ˵쿪ʼͺúõĶ飬ҲȱǼĵɨˣȴٸܸҿȡ֧Ӧͥˣ𣿡
޺۾ĺַˣ֪ˡֵ϶
ӳԵеѾˣѩƸԵʮ㣬һ뵽ڶмľ;˵Ŀ
ҸղʱһЩ̻
һʱҲ£ֻ컹ûڣȻûţԺҲˣǲᣬҲ֪Ӳãүûȥ˰ɡ
Ժ׼ߵģǿƸֿ˸ղŴһ²˵Ҫʲô̻ ദ죬һߣ͸޾ˣƸƯôԽԽǲ˳ۡ
ˡ
ȣ
үȥΪҪȥУүٲȥ ˸ǲ˰ɣ̲סʵ
û£һ̻ԺҪƸһ㣬㻹ϲʲôʽ̻ҽȥ
ãЩ͹ˡ
ķԵȻûõģԺһأǣûĺã̻ҾͲŻ㣿
ȰȻû˵Ͼһ峵̻ˡ
࣬һض¾֪ˣлһ лſ໨֦д¾ȥˡһš
ƸЩԾûʵ̻еԵ˼ǿô̻ʱüЦĿ־ô򵥣þûŹˣʹ졣
һʱ̻ϣնƯ̻
̻ŵô࣬ڸȻܿ˽ӣ̻貣³ƣһԽֵ룬̻ɶټƣǶգһֱĴˣǸӦ̻
˵˵žͲˣΪͻȻʶܴ̻Ȼǻʵ۵ֱʣǶʵӦڹŶԣ̫ӦһЩʹ͹ȴĵĺϢ
²뻹ãһ;ʮ־ɥ
䱳Ӱķ˵ַǱӦúְɡ
***
ϲŷֽǶæĲУʱϵŻؼңˣȥ˰ɡ
Ǹûȥˡ
ȴΪƣ˯˹ȥò׵˼ſڣȴûӡ
üͿСѾܹүȥɣϷҪǮˡ
ʲô
ᷳĲУȴֲòȥԴӴĸСס֮ʮֲǮԩңһֱҲͷһ⡣
ҴҵȥԺͿǮԺʯϣôѩأȴֻһ£ͷɢģֱˡ
ĸȴʮź£ؿ˵Ƕ㲻˵Ϊ׼ڵĶȴҪ˵ȥĸôģ˵ǮҲССôôû·˵ҲĲĸù飬Ҳ̫ˣĸ˵⻰ȻԽԽżëӣ߹ȥʹǮü£ֻǮֱϳ˺ۣǲƲģѿǣ
Ǯ۵ֻޣĸˣҾӹǲ⼸ǡõĵ˷纮ⲻ´Żؼ
ŵĻǻ绨ǮݵĲӣɫʮֿݻƣͺʲô󲡣ϾͲ˵ӡ
ĸԭ⻰ˣȱԻ㴩ˣ˶ãͲ˶ã˵Լǹģ
ͷ۵ĲУڣܳһְģڵĽӣأ˵зԣȴҪΪ˼ëƤ鳳졣


55 
վһ, ̲סס֣
ˣĸͣ, ί, , ϱڵʱɲģǰ׼, ׼ϲԵϺڶĽӡ  ƽⶬģ˵ҰԵĽӣķ˵ĶûС
ȥﰾҩ, û߶Χȹûժܹ, ʯϵǮֻĵĺ⣬Ͳˣĸʡ͵ĵ, ǲһ˲һš
ٿɪɪǮûƢ˵Լ, ĸԸ, ǴҲû˵ʲô
Ƕߵ飬ֹס, ϥеǰ, үѾ, ô, Ҫˡ
ĸ, Ż˭أ
ֻǻ˵ͿǮҵĿţͻȻ³һѪϾһȥ޵һ㡣
´ĸҲ˵ˣҲ̲סüۣĲͷǮԴ֮ûһ飬Ѫڿǻ
ˣϽȥɡ
ϱǮ˵ƽﱧǮﻹЩǮݵ̫ˣɵľܵĲУֹס
Ǯﱻϻζ۾һ̧ͷͿվڶͰ͵ģ޲ȻƫƫţҲֲõҪ ֻûģ̼ǵ֮ǰʹί᲻ί
ǰⲻֳΪɵò˵Ļȴĳ
ˣȴ
Ǯһ뵽Ժӣֻúϣ̲ס۾žˡ ̫ˡ
ĸֳô󶯾ЩΣȴǵ˵ǲԶˣһȻ̣ȴҪãϾ̼֣ǮȴǶ˼ҵŮСĿȾʫԻ˭֪ȴֲõģҲֲĸԸ檡
ʹĸϵãĸޣƽϣʮоˣǱϾС˶ٻЩֵģټвûгôĸֻ¡
͹˼ҵĻ¾ˡ
ȴЩڣֺܲ£˾֮յޣֻǮŪᷳĲС
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¸ҪˣʱѰӻ
ĸȴɫδȻһ㣬ѵ¸֪ң˵ֿǲΪˣˣҵϱǣ¸ҲǴҳѵûѧ£ѵһŮӶݲ£ŮӲȢҲա
ʵֹ֮һҪȥһ̫æǸҲ̫ˣþŹ˴˳涨ӼҵĻ£ֳĸĻ˵¡
ĸּ˵˵뾩ʱ򿴵һӡ ˵ּǻģԹԵģöӣ϶˼ҪǮһŮӣ˵ͱƭˣɲӲ
ĸ϶ˣǽԺãλһ׽
ʱĸ˵⻰ʱæ͸ûô£ҪУĸ˶ѡ
ʮޣһŻеġ
ĸôһ˵ֿʼ׬Ĳģǽ˼ҪƭǮɣ
ĸҲ֪⻰̫̼ˣǸ˶ܲˣϾ˭ܴñҲͲˣΣðһһŮվҪиǡֵ˵벻Ļ»ҪٰȽϺãʱ¸һһ㿪֦ɢҶһٳּһ˺ͺģ˵ܳΪ̸
ĸҲǾ˶ˣҲƸˡ
Ͷģôĸ˵ĻҲȥԹζ˵ˣֻǵʱڣҲû˵ϻ
뵽ĸۡпɿڵķ˺ͺѣʱûΡ ȷʵԽ
ղײգȥݣˮûһھͳţʻ·ϣ·߰ѩĳһμҲѩĶʱŲްȻöˣϾȥѡ£䣬ֱˡ
֮ýĻƤĴ멣·ļȱֺʱţֻôûôů͹
˵ʲôζַֻ
˱ԺʱѾҹˣȴȥţЩȲֻҪԸ½ ԣΪǮţʱǮߣ˰ɣ
ʶԼϲ飬Ѿ˵ǶôҪˡ
հԺƸߣϴ˴׼˯ͻȻˣ̲סü˵˯ˡ
ӦһͳˣֻǺһ͵ˣһֱſڳ֣ūʵȰס
˴ȥǡ
һʱסЩԵĿ̾һҲ֪⸮ۡû˸Ҵ󣬱ϾһڸһСľӹˡ
ͷɡ
Ҳױˣֻͷһ¾˹̫ʦϺȲ裬²豭
ˣŮбҪûԵذɡ
üҪұӣ
ǣѵˣǺǴдġʵڲΪʲô壬̲סֵҿҪϲˣ˵ҪˣԺ檻ƣֺαؾø
ԭЩŭûϴδ˵ˣȴʼָͻȻͻˣǳԴˣ

Ҿ֪᲻ˡҵԭٲЩ⣬ϸˣһʵǲʣϾޣҲǶʮꡭ  㲻ǲϲǮź룬һȥͰˣ㻹ǻصסɡ
˼ĿǼǵǰǮǰͶϣǾˣ˻ıĥˣŶþͿǮˣ漴뵽˷˵ֶŮˣһȥˣǹ˼ҵأ
˵ȢӼҵĹΪ¹˴ǣߵģǹ˷˵ֶŮʶ˵ǹ˼ҵĻˡ
Ȼ˵ģȻС֣ԺŸеƽɫί㡣
Ȼ֪˽ֻԼǱ޳ܸ𾪵ˡ


56 
߶˵, ӳģ򵥵Բޣ֬δʩ, 洩һǳɫСȹ, ͷһ׺Ƥ, ʮ嵭װȴΪɫ͸, ò, ˮܽһ
ԼʶѾû濴ˡ Դϳ֮ͲԸˡ
, ڵòҲƲߡ
һ뵽ԺӼҹȢؼңˡ  ӵұ, Ҳˡ
ȴ, , , һס, Ծͳԣ˯˯, Ȳò͹ٳϵҲҪÿιڵʱд, Ҫ˵Ҫ׬Ǯӻ漴ֵǰһһ˵ͷ, ôմĹ, Ǹھ, ֶûˣ˵ͼʲôҪȥŻȥֳǮֳģҪ¸ֻΪͼһסǸɵӲɣ
һ¾סˣϻģÿһ䶼Ŀϣ޷ֻ뷨Ů˲ǻȥģԼϽǶõİˡ
ûˣҪô
ˣҵأʱҪĲģ˵ˣѵҾͲټޣ͵һᲱϵ
ֳģ㻹˭Ȣ㣿ˣ漴ͻȻ뵽ʲôɴ۾ǲǲظ£ˣ
˵⻰ͿʼĴתƣƺҪҵνļ
ĹǺǰʹһ⣬ŵֱӱ۾Ҫ֪ǳҪԱ
ظļˣִң
Ļû˵꣬ͼִ˵ڶ⣬־ֻܴ˵ģȻҧгݵ˵ңҪǱƼˣǰʲôҿɶǿҪǲһ·Ҳƴˡ
㡭
ֵڻȥʵʵӣ߹ٺ»檣һȱҪβҪңһɣЩУ϶֪ĳЩ顣ֵǼһȴһߵ죬αҪƣ
ĿƸһľȻһʱЩĻţͲҪĽ
ûܹв취ؾȥһ̣ԴĲνֻĿһ۵
ֵŹңҲŹ㣬Ժɡ
󽥽侲 ȻͲȥ𣿡
죬û뵽ȻôҲ͸ճ׵ʱôǹǰ˵ˣ޲ⱲӶټˣž¡
۾ͨ죬ʶ̧٣
һǳһŵĴҹ䣬Ҳܴرɽϣ޶ˣǴźĶůҲ䣬ظ֮ۡһڲˮûȹһ·۱Ϻ㳳ܣþ
ĭ󣬺ȻͿһڵϣһˣôˣ
ߺһֻﵽЩû뵽ִôϴݺݵȻĵĻ
Լ̲סţΪɣ
ܽ˼䣬̾һﲻǻʣ½ӣһ͹ȥɣǰҲֻҪæܰ죬ûѪˡ
ֻ󲻹ܲ˵ģҲᷳ󣬵ǵﲻ𣬸οҪʲô£鷳ˡ
ūȥš
ֽ˽ӹȥȻݣź˯һ߷һʵ£ǲҪү˵һ
ԺĹϵȻˣڲֿȴҲʶУΨһ˵ϻˡ
ȴ⵹ˣүֲǺӣܶ㣬ֺα鷳ֵİɣ˽ˡ
˵һƷΧڵӣֻҪҲƣˡ
ŷˡ
ȴֻǻǱ·ͷ⼸վͰ飬һ˼ҰɣҲˡ
ū֪ˡ
һߣڳһȲ裬ŻȻ󿴵˳һ໨ɵĵϰڷŰֵĽӣǽϵôϤģ
һڣڶģƤֱ־ڶҧһھͱ⽴֭㻬ۣ̲סס۾
ζûԵˣ
ƶʮֵԼ̸ֹԷ˹ĵ壬һȴǻصСʱ˽úãޣĸòʩһأŪһӳԣʱ򶼹˲̣ƴ
Щʧ̬˲ǳųţͻȻЩѹ˵ʲôζ
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ʵۻص˹֮ǷĲȵճһˣַǱǲǳʲô¡
ȻӦˣ̲סţڻʵзԽԽˣֻԺҪô죿
һŮҪǴ빬ûֻãֻҪλ֡ СĲҲ׵˵ˣһԵĿ϶̫ǲԼĶӱ˳֮޵
Ǹ󣬵Żʵİ˴빬УڸҪˣֻ˵ίʵܸɣż¾ͽ༬ֵ飬һֱһɶ׸ҲûƢ
Ҳֲô죬Ǹ˴ҲǲΣȻЩ汾µģֻҪһջܳ裬Ͳкˡ
һλʵȻ̫ˣ˭ϵͷֺͷۣ̫ͻʵֱŤķЩܱźˣȥҹʵۣϾʵۼΪТ˳ƽֻҪ΢¾ͻͷ̫
һλʵȴǳĹִֵ֪ĸЩӹĲҲۣҲǳԲ˯õģ£û취ˣ޽Ѿ˶֮꣬ȴûΪԼĻһҲججĹȥˡ
־ûʵӦˣȥʵۺľͱܿЩˡ
ʻʵߵˡ  Ⱦ̫̫ǰΨΨŵŵʮڣҪҲ˵ġ
ΪЩū澵ģһҾͲա
˶ܿ͵ˣ˾͵С꣬ʵ˶Ѿʼ׼ˡ
ʱҪ棬Իʵۺ̫󣬻кǶҪѣЩ·ɲѰģ۷Ҫһ¡
Ķ̫ͷҲһεͷָʵһʵȻǽˣȻϾʰȥˡ


57 
ʵТ˳, ̫ȻͷȻҲ̫ѿһ, ȥʰ̫š
Ϊʵ, ص̫˲ٻˣǳԹƵĲˣٳЩ, , һϲԻ磬һôֲڣĲɵĳˡ
ţŮ˲ˮ̫ǳɫ̶ƵĴӭϵ, ˵, ϾСˣͲҪ, 򵥵ˡ
ʵ۵, þ˾ǵ𣿲ͲҪд, ֻϾ˾˺;裬С˾һ۰ɣǼ򵥵ļˡ̫ع֮Ψһο, ʵСʱΪȵ۲ϲ̫׽, ʱ, ÿȥ, ĸԵըź, ¡
ٺĸʱڵó裬ִѹ̫ӲŹأ̫̫ĸһ涼ûϣ̫Ϊź顣
̫˵ҲС漴ֵ֪ǼϴСӡ
ʵ۵ͷȲ裬Ը˵ˣȻͺˣֻҪᵽã£̫ٲҪԹһ¡
̫Ҳ̫ȻʵۣҲԹ£Ͼͻ˻˵飬㿴˭ȥʣ
ʱҪۺһͬȥǽʺȥͲˣ̫ԭŶС㣬Ȣϱù꣬˭֪ʵŪҲ̫֡
ʵ۵еȥˡ
̫ȥҲǵˣΨһĹǵǹݵŮˡ
һֻصϣʵ۵˵СĲԸһᡭ ϴСˣҲǳɼˣ֪֪ȵ˶ûУҲǿĸҪԼҸŵԵģϵڣȴСԲܣСôТ˳Ҫɡ
ǰ̫ҲûƸָ˻£ֻҪ˾˵ʲôҪԸԸ⣬ҸŮҲԸģã̫ǿһģһҲûˣϾԼﶼںһùҲò֡
˻ʵ۵ĻͻȻƸĴϾ۵˵ǣôæؼˮûУ˵ǼϴѾһŮˣȴϱûС
ʵ۴˴Ҷĸĩǻ㶼ûȥ˭ָһˡ
̫⻰ɫͶʱˣ˵ĵĹ٣ֹеŮ빬Ҷ֪Ϊ˸ʵѡ˭֪ȴһͷβʢ磬ܡ
ʵҲ֪̫飬ڵĸ̫裬ȻҵĹΣ
̫ʵҲһֱʵֶ˵ǰ㣬ʵҲСˣˣ游Ҳ̫Ҫʵ档
СӣҪôҸ֮ͬˣҪôҸܸɵģԹס̫룬ֵǼҲ̫ˣȻҪһԹżòһҪãȻվСߵѾһġ
ʵۼ̫߶߶ľǲС㣬֪⻹ûģȻ̫ʱЭòҲ̫ơ
̫ѡ˰죬ɼҵѾͷɣһͻݵģܰС
ʵ۵ղײգҪ˫˾˸ӣֶСĻ£˫ϲˣĸ޸ʰɣ
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ٽ꣬Ƹ˳٣ڼһ£ȴΪ˸ӣҪ׼µ飬ǰܺģһҪŸףϾүӣÿμ涼޲һ١
ڸе֪ܿѶˣ˹ȻЩˣʵЩҲ࿴˲˼ңȴǿ䣬Ƹ˵ǴҳֹʮֵĲ¸ ûƷһȻôõŮ죬ǸﶼһҪܰϱǶá
ƸֻüƤҪأҲҪ䡣
ʱƸΪϣˣ
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Ƹ˵ʲôҪȥʱ򣬼Ȼĸָ˻£Ҳ˳׵ͣԷҲŵԵĹ㣬Ҳûʲô˵ġ
һΣ;øĲ
˵Ҳǲ֮ͨˣ෴ӺܺãȻּ̫ܲԹ˼Ҳˣ׼Ƹ¡
˲óЩϾȥϣǰϷʱ򣬾ϱסͷǳĵĸܸɵϱŹ
ǰҵĴѰЩԶĺÿƼҵԭĺãҲټòӺŮһһҪڣΪƯĵȻƸ
ʱ˻ЩϲϷ˷ǳᶨԽ˶£Ҳ֣ȻϷ˵۹ܺã⼸ϲٳ£鲻ûһ©
ϸճӣϻкĸ̬ЩԲں࣬µ̫ΪСѽϼҹǰ˵ǱϷģһֱϷˣ鶼ϣܸòǱʮĶʮҪȢǼϷ᲻ãҪûˣҪȥҸʵĲУ͹
ıѰЩֲ͸е飬ԣȻŲϱǽһ㡣
ĽܸĿ˱ҪϸµƤҲûԹԼΪʲôܵЩһֱԹģΨһοӷǳᣬŹĸҲϣҲͺģԴܼӷе顣
ȫ飬ϵҲ֪ˡ
˰ԼҲûĵ˵˵Ժˣܹ壬ҷֵһЩ飬Ǵϲ£Ҳó϶ѧҵ漴ֵ׼ĶֳɵģϴΡ ֮󣬶ϱյⷿˡ
Ǳ˻˵Ķˣ˵Ҳûֻǵĵֻϣǻһ㣬ģҲ֪ˡ
׼ؼ̽ף˫һ꣬ȻҪһ£ŵ˾¥͸ƹˣóһֵǮŸƹ˵ЩƷ˰ɡ
ôࣿ
ȴ࣬ûҲܹꡣ


58 
ƹһɫ޲, һͷҴͷ¥°ͷ˿ڿ˵Ĳ, ԲǸƹ񣬾ĻƳҲŷ
¥ǻͲ, ֮ǰůǽһͿʼţֻҪܸо治ͬůҴҲᱡ, ʵҲƹ㣬һӾˡ
˵һ;Щ, һڲˮ, ԼĴŸƹ˵ˣҪܻ, ΨһĲµľʦ
ƹȻ˽үԸ, ǹִĺܡ
үӸһͬȥ, Ը⣬Ҳǿ󣬵ɽүӣʱҲٲøƹˡ
ģһῴүӵġ
, ƹȥ˻ƺͳǳ, , ˡƹȴʮֵļ֣٣ֻУҷ˸˶࣬ȻҪл
˻ƣǼӱľ¥ˣ˵ٻȥˣʮ˼˷Щÿ˶ؾվţҲʮֵĹ
ƹ˵һˣϽӪպãҪǶ෢µĹǮ
ҶȻǾϲģǼĳû뵽Ȼ󷽣ǼûʦûйǮģ߾˹Ǯ붼ûҪ˵෢µģ
Ǿ¥ʱҲΪͼ죬װżͭǮֻûֵһЩҲ˶ˡ
˵ʵǼˡ
ʲôأлң
ף򸣰
лˣ
Цŵ˵ͷü˳ȥˣһ˳ȥʱͻȻү
ŤͷȴǲֱģδȢޣòŮӣЩɬ
İɣ
ʣı߽ϣ֮ǰ׵ģ۾ÿϧռӣҲԹǽһ㣬һʱı⻹Ҫá
Щɬɦɦͷ˷ڵѡ
ȴû뵽ôү뵽أ˵ſ۸ƹ񣬸ƹЦóһǮǶҸġ
ۿǹĹĵǮͭǮһȻһʮӡ
Ҳ̫ˣ
Ц˵಻࣬Űɡ漴ֵԺ󶫼Ҷһ˭Ҫ²úҲ
ǼӻûԶſ⻰ʱ۵һЦ˵лҡ۳һ˹һı䣬ҳԾƣ
Զ͸ƹ̲סЦ˳
׼ȥԺͻȻ洫ʮֵ֣һԵï²˵϶˭Ƹġ
Щ˶׳ףʱܿɹȥӭףֻȥƸġ
Ҳóţ˷ڶ¥Žֵ˴Ӿܿï˰õӸʾһ߿һ߳ԡ
ӷڵؽţЩȵúܣʮֵˬ죬ٲöڣݵ۽۰ɣﰮȥʱһЩ
ïٺ٣ūѾˡ
Цŵǻ
ȻƸˣиŴ㣬ϰźɫĲʴżƸеɲʡ
ⲻϴү𣿡
ǸƸȥ
·˵Ǹү

ϣҪˣֻǲ֪˭ҵĹŮѽ
ɲҪϹ˵ǹ͵Ļ¡
ܿû˸Ҽ˵ˣǻ˻˵Ƹݻ
ïʱ;ҧӲˣȴûһ㣬ĳţ죬ȴǺɬ֪˵ʲôǾѹ
һһڰӳԹ⣬Ȼ˲֣˵øʦӵġ
ǰýӣҲǾһТˣһΪʦΪӰʦ쿪ʼİԼˣʱڣ䣬˽ӵ»ˣ涳žУųԵʱֱ¹ˡ
ޣ׼üʳģոպÿ԰ˡ
ïһֱĵĿȴֲ˵ԼĹǺûأ־˽һӾͱסˣǿˡֵ˵ˣ㲻岻׵ĸţҪ£Ȼ
ֱƿ֣֣㲻Ҫ˵
ָղ⻰ˣһʼ֣һүʱĻ궼ûˣүԺ㣿
ȻϺүǲֺï֮ǰ֪ԺүүϹģֻ˵Ժ̫ǽ壬ǽ˿ᣬԲԸݡ
Ȼ˵˻ѣҲ֮Ҳʲô
ҲǲһֱԵʣȻ岻ģ׶ǵһûףһǺɷ룬Ҳûʲô
Ժ㶨ף˵ĹϵҲ͸õΪֹˡܿĺϲԺ㡣
ǽֶڶûлشֵĻӵ飬ǻؽģ˷ˡ
ԭϲڶĽӣֻⶬպҵǸƹģΪůģǮ
˵Ȼ߲Ҫ⻹Ҫóԡ
סԭΪĵĿޣûһģתһˣԺϾϵүַǳ̫ϲϲֶӣȻǽ壬ҸŵԵĳס
Ժһʱ¾Ѿ뵽ˡ
ҲҶ˵ˣԹԵ˵Ѿںˡ
һȥ˺ԺԺֻï׽͸֪ȴǲ֪ŵڶ̲סûء
ЦŵʦҲɡ
һɫֲϵĺ޳ۣëճëëӣĸɾˬ͵һμʱһȻǱչ˵ĺܺá
ͽܣû˵ʦֵĵô
ֶһˮϴ֣ϵΧȹ˳ţһӾů
ͽʶʦգǶ˵ҲĻ㣬ͽܿ۰ɡһ˵

֪ˮߺߵģҲһΪ£ժñӣûкصѣֽҲ˶ࡣ
ƼûԪ󣿡˵һ֣Ŵּȴʮֵɣ־öûأѾüһĻ룬ǽȡ
˾۾ˣĽӻֶ࣬ʮƯÿһƯĲУѧȴĲ̫
ѵạ̃ˡ
ïүӣߦƤɣ󡣡
аɡֻǵŰ˰죬ĥζ鶼Ұģ˵ĸҰӳԣ
̲סЦҲɡ
ԣѧһѧ
ֺɣξѧģǿ⣬һʱܾĵģҸ˾ְҲܿͰˣһİϣóȥʣµ׼ųԡ
ܺޣ½ӵʱҪһЩΣȻմһҪˮ¹
Ƥܱ˾͸ǳɫڶɫ൱Ưϸֺÿ״ԪĿɰȤΪǽȣǺÿ
ӵĿյ˼ˣ㣬⣬ݿˣүӰԵģʦ͵ͽˡ
ȻǺܸˣȴǾǿ겻һ˹ģ¶ࡣ
ζϲ˷ǳϲϲҲŶŲˣǡҲϲҲñܿһ
ȥһ
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ۿˣȴװ⣬һںȵˣԽӰɡȻˣȴĵıӲ˲顣
ͽܻһֱգһҪġ⻰˵Щжּһ䣬һҪǷ͵ȣͰЩþƶˡ
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ʲôû˵ص˱Ժԡһ˴ڴϷȥãڻ˯˹ȥ
Ǹ죬ƿѩЦŶï˵׼ɡ
ïɫ̹ȻӣͲֶһۣڷһġ


59 
ٽظض˲ٶ, ʵпİ׺ëɫ͹ⷢ, ûһ˿ʣڴİõǺ챦ʯһһС, мССҲȵСˣź챦ʯǵ㾦֮ʣΪ׵ɫԹѵ, һӾͱþҫۡ
ʵۿ˺üۣȾͶ, , ɡ
ȥʹʵ۾Ͷȵ, ȥһɽ
ʱ䣬ؽʵҲ, ûгȥ, Ȼ̲סˡ
ʵϳ˹ߵĹϷһǳɫĽаǰ֮ǰǼ£һ·ٲö࿴ۣǸԹɫĵϴξͼַ˴ëİɫ, ëȻҲ, ײů, ׺ëĲƷᱡůͣɫַϲİɫ϶ǳϲ
ʵĿҲЦ⡣
Ϊ󲿷ʱ䶼ھ¥ʵ۾ȥּǻԶѾŵ˻ζΪ⻹һĺá
ƹ񿴵Ժ㣬һʱסϵүԻģżһֱأ롣
Ժַأ
ƹͲԺ֮ĹϵһƹģֻԼһ̯ˣڶҵ顭 ɲܲκϵģҲһֻ۱һֻ۵ģֻ֪
˻ϼҹȥˣ֪
ԺһӾסˣ˰־߳˾¥ȵȥɽ
ģЩ֣ҪΪʲôûһ㶯漴תһ룬ͻʵһʱȻʮ۶Ǵ̸ֻ绨ѩ£˵е飬ÿλʵۻȥʲôʱ
İǱµװɣֻͷֻǸ˵ʱ͵飿
֮Ȼؼȥûʲôףȴﲻ
Ⱦȥ˱ԺҲǰȥϾƹ˵Ѿؼȥˣǻʵɫʮֵѿʵǲ˵
˱ԺԺȥţӵҲʶǣȻүĲɣǷ˻ؼȥˣҪܻء
Ժʵû𣿡
ӲԺĲЩţһҡͷûѽ
Ժһʱ̲סʹӣһϾȥ鿴Ժ󣬼ֻǺһЩŷģһ߽ҩһ˵үȲҪַʱмأ
㲻˵Ժ㿿ϣüģҪģΪʲôһŶӦ֪ûġ
ȾûǣЩ󡭡 Ҳô˵Ȼʵ۲ҪˣַŶҲ͵ȥɣ
ʵ۵ɫ΢Щȥɡ
һ·һ仰˵˹ҪȥʵȴǰҲֻں档
һĺ䣬һֱ£ȸʵ۵һů¯£ҪǶӿɾ͵òʧˡ
ʵ۵ȥ϶¡漴ʵ˵ȥ˱Ժ
ǡ
ʵɫ΢ȥԨ󡣡
ʱһµļڣһæ飬Ȼ׼ӡúһԼλڸ󳼶ڡ
˵Ҳûʲô£ΨһĴ־ļ룬һʼ׸ȻǿߵģޣϾͷ˴ƼģЩı£˲ó;ϵӦԣǸܸʵµˣҲûƢˣĽ˴ˣȻҵܸɵˡ
æȥҼҳԸɡ
һ뵽Ҫż˶ܸˣ׸Ͼ͸͵αȥ˸߶ţֱȥּǻҳԸˡ
˿˵˵ּǻ˵ķ˿ģȥǱ߳ԣӦͲǡ
ӱԺ֮˼죬ֻһʼæµ£һʱֻؿڱһҪ˵ȴ洫˵˺ˡ
һʱ˶ͣ˻⣬ɫ£ѾͳȥӭʵɨһۣĿͣϡ
ȻоˣֻǻʵĿʵǲƣͬâڱһܡ
ʵ۵ɡ
ʵˣ׸ȻҪһ㣬˵һЩϵ飬ϣҶԴ˶һֻ۱һֻۡ
˵飬ʵû취ˣԸĺõĳľˣˡ
ܺãóãԹŻ飬ߪΪ飬⼸ӲǰѼûĳ˸ˣͣҲû˵ˡ
ʵ֪ˣˡ˵мףҪֽˡ
һʱĲУԴڸʼʵ۶ǵģżֲͷǲԽľҵҵģǹ򲻸ˣҪͷˡ
֪˲ʱôѣŵأԼҪȻױЩɹȥﰵĸ°ӣֳէЩֶڿϷ ŻѪҲˡ
󼤶ĸŻʵȥ˸ڵ鷿
ʵϣָָţȾͳȥţЩ֣ʵۼȻҪʹֺα
ʵ۵ˣһ仰ߣ֮Ҳߣ֮˧Ҳ
пһµģ仰ͨ˵һ˵ĲŻȻҪûеУǲ׵ġ
ʵʱ仰Ȼǰָв޵¡
΢޴ʾ
ʵվ˵λϣƶʱ޹˲벻ͻ浣䷶ȴԼǨ֮ˡ
ˡпЩᣬϲƶʡ
ĪҪƱ磡ʵͻȻ˵ŵһ飬ͷðϸܵĺѵʵ֪ˣ
ʵ۵ϲɣޣ˽˵Ŀ¾˰ɣ
£ˡ
󲻸ڶ˵ʲôĸоʵۼȻ˵Լ˵ʲôûˣֻͷģ΢ԸϽӻؼеĹģһ˫飬΢ǰջȥҹϣϲԸ⡭ ΢ϵĺۻϴİơ
ʱֻߵĲУŵװĺð취Ȼ⻰ʵ۾ɫһЩ
ڻʵ۵ˣ˽п޾ͷٺ»ʮӣ飿
΢ңл¡
ֻСͽ䵹һ֪ǻʵ۸棬ֻôҲ벻ףΪʲôֵѵ׸ֱʣ
ųǰʵжȻд˷飬ԺҪĪҪھˡ
ǡ


60 
ϼ, ݺ濿Ž꣬ǰ氤žǣǿм, ˾ϱߵģպ־ǱˣΪΣΪ˼б˵ĺˬ, ҲϷ˵ϸ, ǳĴ̼, ܳ
ȻҪؼҹ, ȻҪ, Լ⣬ֽˣм⣬, , Ҳ»ˣ涳žУ಻ٳͷ͵, Ҳװ
ΪҪȥǲ˸ʦԭ鸮ļҲȫˡ
·һֱѩ, ֻг·йٵߣںҪС·ˣѩ·, ҵ·խ, ߵú
Ҳ, пտ飬˾ͺïһҶƣïͲһʼͦģǿûһģҲŵķ˻ȥ
˶ʱ˾ǵĵؽ磬ǰǲݣ˲ݾˣһǺӣǺգҪһ
һϣͭھֵʯ˵ַˣʹ˵ǰ氲ˣҪƹȥҪնѰ춼ϴܵӻ帽ǵطȴûпջֻܽũˡ
ʯʮģ׳ϱһѿݵģһӣʱȥʦʱǡʯˣҲҪȥ꣬
ʱؽ磬·ֱָơ
£·ɡ
ʯ䵱ʦʮֹ̫̫꣬ᷳʦǮ٣¶࣬ǳޣڹ̫̫ס
һʼ֪ޣŵҲǵھ˵ģǼ̫󣬽Ӵ֣ʮֵĺƲ˵Ҳܴ󷽡
ҲͷſֽţҲϽǰ˵һ
ϣȻǵһƫƧĵطȻûпջʯȴ·ҵһũ̸˼Ǯ
ЩũҲϲ޳ȥϾ׬ҲĻнٷ˹ٽϯǮʯ䶢ͬھֵͷҲ
ŮǸĸˣǶǳԶӷһեˣдˣʳҪԼ취ˡ
⼸춼סڿջԵҲǿջķˣʯȥڽ˴ҳһƤ׼һů⻰ҲǳǿջķˣԼԡ
ʯֻ֪ǰޣȴ֪Ӫž¥³ҲǾ죬Ҳ֪ԼһʦҲͰʲĵס
˰ɵļС÷ͷһͷͿũɣũһ⣬гⶡⶡղͿʼߦ棬ʱӵ;ߦһȻһпǵߦˣ¹ãҲպˣʢĽͷ״ףټһƵͣеѬҪѰ⻹Ҫ㣬ˬۣ֭ʮֵĺóԣǳζ
ʯʦҲ˹һɡ
ï͸ʯҲһȥʯû뵽ԼҲܳԵķˣԭøũԶӷġ
ⶡɽͷ˵Ľ֭ɫŻһʮ˵ζųһڣֻˬڵĲУһʱ̲ס̾棡
ïǽǣǷ˵ĳտǺġ
лˡʯм˵ͷï͹
û£Ե㡣
ʯͽԪ˶ӷպþͿһ˵ζ;ĲУʦʲô  ŹֺóԵġ˵ˮ
ȥȥûݶʯͳ˼ڣЩ᲻ãһСһСڵԪһԿˮǳϢ
ٺ٣ʦҲҳһڰɡ
ʯ޷ͰݸԪֻܳһڣַġ û뵽ַ˾Ȼգҵȥ¥ҲûôãʲôԹѽ
Ԫһھ;úóԵĲУͷ㣬ѬζǴһֶصζղܣͲ˵ˣߦ棬ʮֵˬ
ųԣܿͳԹˣԪ룬޲ðҲɾˣʯû͸Ͷ̥һģҵˡ
̫óˡԪ˵
棬̲סЦïǻһ룬ʦͽ͹ȥɡ
ԭŽһϾͿˣֿʼѩûͣѩϥǴʯ͸ѩͣڳΪʱʮֳ֣ûżʹĴӦˡ
һס죬⼸ٲöһЩ˵ճԵķˣǶʯʦͽ˵ʮֿɿڵʳ
һʯɫص˵ַˣҪ˵£ɲҪ¡
²豭Σ˵ɡ

ʲô
·ʱҾͷֲԾˣŻҶˣͣڴ˴ȻˣҴšʯ˵
һȷʵΪѩͣ·ʯ˵ҪһȻ׽ˣʲôˣΪʲôǵ
ʯʦˣʲôˣ
ʯ˴üһﻹһˣˣһһŮеȻҲʶ
ï̲סЦүô
ԭ˲ǱƸ֪»֮ȥ˯ţҲ֪ôˣﷴĸһʱͲסȥ˱Ժֻǵſȴǲ֪˵ʲôá
ҹˣҲ˯ˣ׼ڶŰݷãּ͸Ѱ˵˴ڳﱸĻ£Ҫˡ
»ãһ£Ƹ;һҲסˣܵ˸ȥ֪Ѿˣȥ׷˰ղ׷ֻԶԶĿһʱ벻ɡ
ѵҪ˵ŸȥʲôˣҲûǽؼʮֵĲԸͳ˲ע⣬صڵ
Ƹʱֻţûҵõɣ׼˾͸к һնûҵʵɡ
Ҿǡ ڼˡƸίѽͲˣ⼸ճԲò˵ر䣬ԽǲžԽǲ֪ε㣬Ծ˿ͷ
үҪǲ͸ȥйɣүҪ£үߺ𣿡
ƸԼǰĵүȻ͸صĸоû뵽ȻʹĴӦһͬȥһʱ˵ĲУû£ﲻġ
ƸʱüЦ˵ӣҲЦǾͺãûһؼȥ¡
ƸȻǲдģȴһڴӦˣддֲ֪ӻ飬ﻹֳ֪ʲôӣҪһŻȥǽ˰׽ȥȻȡ  ƸŵĶ¡
ְĿ׼ǸŮӣȻãһëߵĺɫıȼף洩ż޵ȹ崿ò˼죬ЩǱǾֹȴʮֵĽжȡ
еĸоղƸ˵ʱŮӶӣƶŮӴҲʶˡ
ǣ


61 
һʱ˶ĿⶼͶŮ, ô˿ּ⾽ȵĴѰ˼ҵĹﶼܲסŮӵס, Ȼߵͨ, Ҳû, ڳ˵, ϣ һ֣ڼѾͷˡ
, , װֹѰ˼ҵĹ, ⳵ϣȻҲ֮, ˵ܰæľͰһѡ
ϻ⻰ۿһӾͺ, ֱӹ, , ЩӶϣ͵͵ȵģȴǰӣݶѾû취, ﻹҸ鷳˵Լ, ֮ǰĸ׾, һңʱҾ벻ĸֲ˸ˮ ֻιҺ࣬СĸۣͰҴߣһֻĸιңĳ֮ϤĽ̵ֻǵײ˳ʱĸҪңȻģ޿κΰͻصУĸײϲҶĸһֱĸʮꡣ
̲סиţŮӲ£û취֧Ӧͥ˼ҶȽŶӣ˱Ȼɶ񣬵Ҳǳ̬
Ҷǻ£Ǹԣ˼ңֻǸʮɫû׾ŮǾ¥ӣûףȾָԼСһѧûиСϻ˵⻰ʱ򣬿ƸѰҲ˼ҵĹӦ£
㸸ĸ㣿
ϻ˵еĸĸ̲סᣬֻʸ⸻˼ң߸׼ױҲҵҪ
һʱ˶ĬǸĸ֮ý֮ԣȻʮͬϻۣ׻û˵ʲôġ
ƸǸʮ֮ˣ֮ǰϻ۵ĳ;ʮֿĸҸֻúǿȻ˳ۣǶԼӶʮֳ磬һˮƽ˵ģڻ¸ʮֿУԷƷУȱһɣʲô˶̫ɶˣӵĺã
ϻۣ
Ƹ˵˵˭ң˵԰㡣
ϻĿƸһȴǵлӺ⣬λ鷳ֶ˵ܵϲûӣ֪룬ŷҪȥݣĸͰȥݣŻУͬ·Уȴûʹ˵ԸʵǶԲסˡ ֻҪȥݾˡ˵žҪͷȴһӾͷ
ͬ·һ̣кѣд񡣡
ϻӲ˲ˮˣҵĸԺһᱨĶġֵңҲ鷳ֻҰѷںУԻ̲лĸ͹ģӻһ֪ˡǼǱѰҪһŮҲ鷳
û뵽ϻ˼ܵزԭ˼ȴԽ˳ˡ
ƸǹĹӣ̫谮ֶӣƽʱȻʮֵºͣʱܿͬʮ㣬˭ңҵ˵ϼ仰˵Ҳ»أһȥһ˵ǿˣ϶ġ
ƸһûãԼȥԸæǶˡ
ϻۿƸֹģǵͷʲôû˵
***
ʯ˰칦׽һʶһ޹ĹΣղӦһЩġ
Ƹڲҩˮ첲Ǽ׵ıѩҪϾǱǿţïǩմһҩ֭ͼģһԵϻȴǶŲְ˰˵£Щ࣬ɢˡ˵껹̲סƸ
ϣۣï㣡
ϻۣ
˹һϻۻϴƸ⶯һ̣ҩͺˡ
Ƹ۵ۿˣοԼ˵ַˣҾҪһӡ
̲סһЦһЦͬٻŵһ㣬ҫ۶ĿܶƲ㲻ˣ˵ɣʲô
ƸĿһŵ⣬ţͺˡ
һ׻þߣӹӵ̿𣬻֮ǰóкõƬͷ涳ˡԭŻؼТĸģƸĻҲˣôıȽ϶࣬΢һҲӰ죬ǾͳԻɡ
ҲûʲôˣҲ«ʣݿ˵ȿԴڵؽĲˣͷҲѾܺóˡ
вԻïȥһֻҰˮëȥ࣬ɼͰһʱ
̿ͿԿˡ
棬ֻһӣҲ͹˲ʲôŮбˣûзһˣƸղŻΪ˶ܣ۵ĲеӣԵ˻ҰԭͺʣݷĸĢһʵͷҪҧˡ
Ⱥɡ
һСȻſʼۣͣڼǳĺóԡ
һʱƸԵϾ۵飬ҲǸ˼·Եĺܳ죬λϻҲ˵ˣԲã˯ȣڿԸټζһʱҲԵ
ų꣬ҶǳԵıһЦʱ;׽˲١
ԻĹֻһҲܸǳԣһҰĢԣҲʯ˳˸ʹ졣
Ȼ׽ȻûҪڴˣڶˡ
һ·Ҳʮֵ˳ܿ͵ǺӣǺӾ߸͵ˣֻٽ˶Ҫȥ䣬Ǻһǳǳı㣬ֻǼḻĴŸҴ˶ɺӡ
ʯȥͨһҲҪϺţڶɿڸʮֵķкܶջһҿջס˽ȥ
óԣƸ̰棬ϻҲȥ͸͸˾ͽżȻܶɺӾڸһ棬ߵʳʳһҾ¥Էͷֹжʮ֣һʱûסÿӶһڳζֳԲ꣬᲻ãΪѡ
Ƹһؿ˵ܳꡣ
ϻ۾ĿƸˡ һʱĲУȥƸ껹˵ˣҳԹˣһſ޵ģĿģҪѰˣģе㺢ͿЦƫƫƸʵ̫ˣϻҲûٱ˿ĺÿȴıƸȥƸƯοĿʮֵĴ͸ ˵ˣϻԼҲÿס޷ܾ
ȻЦ˵
ϻ¶˼ɫ
ȥңȥңѾѸľ¥ˣҪ볢ζ¹̲Է⣬ϾˣҪϵȥѧϰ
һһҾ¥ĵԤλãղϣɼ֮𱬣ľǿȻһݡ
˶ǷǸ󣬾˻Ʋȴûע⵽ЩƺǲˣԴʹżԹֻһͷ¿ʵˣ˲θڣ
Ĳҿζ
룬Сֹ߿ȴǱˡ


62 
Ҳû, ˵Լơ
ǻԭҲ£Ǿ¥, ΪҪԷҪǰԤ, Եľ¥ǻȥʳͣȴͨʳֺû, ܲǰԸۿ˵ľ֡
, ôԼƣԹ⿾𣿲֪ʲô³ԹðƵĿ͵ڵ, ҲûӶѡ
ƸҪվȴסĶŻ˵õУɲԼԼƣ
ʲô, ĪҪ˵ǻԵú, ݺݵĿһҪ˵ģƸ࣬ҲǸӣͦվҲʦʯ, Է, ˶ţ, һ, һ̳յӾƣԵǸ𾢶Ȼƴãʵһֱעܵ״
ƣûִ磬Ȼ۵Ҽͷˣıӵ˰ɣ
ʯߵĶǵ˹˸ģϻſžͲǺǵġ
ǻʯǰļУһʱʯЦһŤ²ǸʮӲģɫһӾͰˡ
ʱͻȻүס֣ڵĻƽѽû 
ڶ¥ż䣬ǳܵȴĴһһĿȻӣô촩ŵĶ̺֣ƤĳѥϵŻƤʮָߴ˶
ˣǺԴڸԭ;ߣסΪİˣʱа˳ǺӶ£߾̡
˵Ҫԭ䣬ɫҲԺڣ׺ݣϲöŹܣҶԸǣһΣ¥Ȼˡ
Ȼ˲һڲ̫ԭƲǰˣǰߵ˵ϰߣңҪսѪҵϣ˵ŴӳѥͳһذǻŰˣ̱ڵϣ͹٣϶ˣл˵
ĵ
ǻƿǱŵˣֱӿ޳ƹģѽҪˣ
ƹĻŻŵܳˣʲô¾Ͷ˵
ϵĿģҲǸտģ˼ˣһֱվһӿ˵˵ŻʹӰ˳۾Ȼɫġ
һҵһ֪˵ĺ˶ֻ֪Żɫ۾ȻͰйء
ƹ񼱵ͷ󺹣϶ᡣ
һʱ˶˽иСֹǸǵһγԵЩͬϸţζأǰ㡣
ǰݲ
ɫϾͲˣһҪŻµģǲģЩɣ
ÿ
һʱ˶óһ·Ϳһɽµİ˵Ĵӵ˽߻վһλŹ۵ӣżۡ
˭ҥ⣿
˶Ǿ¥ĶҶìظү֣ǶìŮȻһӡ
֣صĿһʲôģǿ֤ݣƾҥҪһȵġ
⣡ǰ˵
Ǿó֤֣̫үȻ̫Ͱǣ¹ϵ¥ԺӪȻǲĻŶìǺ˺Ͱ˶ֵܣһˣҲ˲ǣ¶Ҫƾʵݣ
֮ǰĻƣղŻŵĲ˵ɽˣָֻ˹̬Ķ˵λˣˣҪ֤ݵģ촽촽õ⣬Ƕ֪ˣֱӸȥץȥ
Цˣڹ治Ҫ£ϾһӻĹ֮ǰ˵ʱҲأȻȴǲ֪˴ˣơ
ǻƿ¶һΣյЦݣʱ˵ˣоƺҪˡ
˺Ͷì˭ãһ˵Էҥһ˵õ⣬ǰȻҪ̲סɫͨ죬ԭ˶ǲŵƭӣ
ǳ漸һʱͻȻһŮ֤õ⡣
ҳȥ¥¥ݿվһòĸˣһǳɫСߵĺɫȹΪ䣬滹һëߵıȼףĿ侲ĿˡһŮӣȴſ˵򶨴ݡ
û뵽Ȼվ֤⣬̲סһۣקסӵȿҪ嶯
ͬһذȻҪղ˵Ѿˣ˵ı뺷˵˵̫үǶìлͱͱˡ
֣̫үεЦţ˵λˣɲҪ˵Ҫ֤ˡ
Ҫ֤ˣɴ˴ãʮʹ˵
֣̫үͶìһۣ¶ɫ֣̫үԥìʹʹɫ֣̫үаɣ㣬һͬȥ󰸣
ﲻ֪֣̫ү뷨ȥ˾û취ųˣ˵Ҹȥã֤
ìɫһӾͺˣȥþ͡
ĻȻʵǺˣǱ飿ֶڵ˵ѵͲ֪ⶡìǳԵʲô𣿡
ղŲ³ŮվߣҪ֪࣡
ǣ˭֪ף
ԭԸ£һȴǹϵԼ棬Ͼ˭ŰļǮ⣬ˡ
һʱһ˶ڸŪöì֣̫үһ취ûС
иҩֻۣҪϣͻɫ
˵Ķ
вУһһԲ֪ˣ˵Ż˰ѾͰԼڵĿ˳ҿϸˣ
îҲ˲˵ǲģϾ飬̲סס֣
ȴ˵棬ҩ˿ϣҶϸĶ  ƬǸŮӺıɫˣ
ֵⲻ⣬ǻ
һʱ˶Ҫ֪ԷĿɶΪ⿾ÿһص㣬Ҫǿ˲ˣ
ҽź£Ҳ˲öì̫үˣһǰҪʶìק䣬ǸקŶìͷŪöì۵ĲУ̲סſң
֪˭ܵ˳ȥ˻û̲סѽҲòɣ
ĸεϰ壬ҪԳѽ


63 
¥, Щйߵİҵĵطˣ˶ìһȭ, Ǹ˴һ⣬Щƴ, űסһ
Ǹ˲ѹסⳡ档
飬ô˿϶Ҫʰ, ǣϻۣƸϻ, ƸЩԸ⣬, ϹҪǱ׽ȥˡ
ƸҲ֪һͷˡ
ص˿ջҲƸżЩԼ, ˵, ʱͿԳˡ
ƸҪȲʱˣìֵ̫ˣ߾񣬼ûκεأϾ¥Կ˶ǵ֮ϾһֻͲ, Ѱϰ˭ԣЩԷĿһӵ, , ߹ýҵĵܵ, ǸԶҵãлиǸô˵׾죬ԾǸôҪìҲסˡ
ƸһǾ¥վͱˣìѺֱʹ죬漴ʵַˣҲȻпԲҩۣҿ
ںȲ裬һ͹˵ˣʵЩۣƸ⻰̲סЦЦ
ƸЩĪͷԣЦʲô
ôҩۣ֮ǰóĲǲиҿҩۣҲ֪·ϲðҩԣ͸һҩһγԵʱ;ͷҩ۵ɫأʱǶì̫ǻһֱҥҪ׽ȥУ˼ҲҾˣ㲽ƣҲԴУҩŻǣȻ飬ܿͱ¶ˡ
ƸΪԾ˾Ͳ±֣
ݵ˵µģ⿾㰺󲻵ȴҪɼֺ̰֮ˣЩ߽Ͽ϶ҲᶪڳһܲˣҪǲҲԺǿԳġ
Ƹ˵̲ס˴Ĵָмǡ
һ뵽ìı׵ģʱ̧ȥţǼҲʳĲᣬȻ֮ǰġ ʱ;ʮֽЦҲûʲôʵͦıҴġ˵⻰̲סؿڡ
Ƹ´жȵģż¶ֻ̬ÿɰĲУһʱ˵ʲôζֻԼյĳԺ֣û飬ھһһССĹְ˵Ҳ
ŰӵԵʣҪڴ˵ض죬ǲ鲻֪һһìľ¥֮󻹲˵⣬вļѼ⣬Ϻôζڸǣ涡ì˵֮ǰĲˣԼҺˣìŮ֣˸ס¡ ⶡìΪʡǼӣɥ顣
󲻽ì֣Ҳǣȥˡ
϶ɴʱѾǺüˣӣɲͣЪˣȻ͸ϲˣһԵʯ˷İɣǺվ͵ˡ
Ȼ˺ܶǺӣÿЩţСʱŸ׹ӣۿһӵȥǴʱºӰ
λúܽţҶţïļָź˵ˣơ
ȥȻھ¥ˣǴź£ëձñ·˼һװȺоôرۣΪ̫⣬Ҳϴһ˵׺ݾ
λôţԱߵȴǾԶ㡣
ƹǸҲ̧ͷֱ˵ķɫҪԭҪһЩ߱ĿŨü˵ĳͺܴ󣬵ͬĿдѱĿ絶˱ܵҪܿ
׼תͷʱȴǳ΢΢ףһ㶣ǰھ¥е飬Ҳһ֮ԵˣҲ͵ͷǻӦˡ
һշ˺ܴ󣬵ǴḻҲûʲô£˳˳˰֮͸·
գڵݡ
ּҲ̼֣ȻҲӼ޸󣬵ʱ޹ȥʱ򼸺һļҲ
ٺҲùǮʵûˣͿʼԼҲֵ̼ŮҲ
үԼȻ̼֣ȴһ˼Ҫһҹ㣬Сͻؽ黭Ů죬Ůʶ֡
ҲûָСʮֵĳڣ⸽ҲĹ㣬˶ףȴָܾˣȻӣʿụ̃΢ģԼŮҲƲԶܾˣŴѵӼ޸
ָ۹⻹ǲģʮֵ֮һ·˳˳ˮ٣˵Ϊģһˣ̫ˣһڸֻѰĹְҲû˷Ů檣󼸺ˣ˱
֮ǰѾȥţѴŻӶдˣ⼸һֱ͸·ڵš
˵ĲУС㣬ˣ
ѾþûôˣּҵĶŮŸĸ޾ĳ谮ֻǼ֮ͳҵϱҵΡ
ǸԲϸ󻹸ѾߣϸۿһӾͺˣ֣ôˡ
һԵСѾߵ֪СҪҪ
***
ԭΪᱻʵۼν˭֪ûеõޣʵѵ⣬˵˽пһʱ˵ľ度¡
鲻ãϺһ٣׷ҲǰӴ̫ˣȥֱ֮Ӳˣ⼸һ
ǮԼͲţȻû취չĸֲź˵ӣԼֶŮݡ
ݻûףһθϹ׼ҸʵĻµģǴĸ֣Ȼһ߹ٵֶӣΪûиŮˣ˾ãӲûгţϾûŮ˵һĨʲôģȻû취ʶЩھ˻ǾйǣͬһصϹӣͻȥӡ
ҲΪʲôĸһֱһԭʱȻ಻ţ̫ᣬֻǶأּ룬ȴһǺ֮ͷ֣ԭʵͦõġ
յԺľ͸оһֻѹĶͷϣָһֵζζϤ̲ס૵
Ůûлشȴĸգϸ£ͬһӾסֻ֣㲻ҪߣǻǰһӺòã
յ̫ˣԷһӾ۵ĽһӾ˹ͨ۾Ů˲ݡ
һҪ󾪵ĺˣ
Ѿܽʵˣʲô£
ôģ
Ѿ߿ֿίļҪݣĿİͰ͵˵Ǵ˵źġ
һδŮźң㵽ûӣĲУϸܣ̲סҵĿݾŲ豭ȴǱ㿪̲סһû߳ģҹȥ
ݵҲǸƤĹݻͿ˳ȥ
ȴһ̱ڵϣѾߵȥĭ
ĭ豭ˤ˹ȥĭҶ㣬ֱӱϣ֮ûҲۡ
ôŵģ˭ݽģΪ˻ʵ۵ѵЩֻţǺ͹˼֮ʣֳʲôù˴˻ڻˡ
ĭСĸȥ÷ˡ
һʱ֪˵ʲôȻ䷢֣߾ûиõˣǰϸܵѾïҲǸܸɵģǲˣˣ⸮Ҳһĭõ˳֡
ղ˯ĴУ֪ʲôζֻ̾һҼǵǰˣżɡ
ĭ֪ɶһֱܺ󣬵ʱҲ˵Сȥ
ص˼ɶ߻ЩǸţôֻˣ
ĭһǰ˵ˣɶ˱һϵĸɻģôҪȥżˣ
ĭ̾һʵûеõˣȥưɡ
ɶƢ鷢Ƣ⸮ﻹܲӵĻһ߱Թһȥݡ
󿴵ɶһĭҵģͷˡ
ɶһأȴ󱻷纮ĥ㲲ûкúţֱһȦǸ緢Ϊͬһʱŭѹȥ
ˣ°ɡ
˹󻻱죬ϰİٺ㣬ȥҽһͰ鰲ŵľżɶῴ۾Ŀȴ͸ű𴦣֪ʲôֻȴ̲סЦûкҩοϾҪӭȢ¸ˣѡ
ĭһֱһսսģɶƢŭ󣬺ɶҲִ֪磬żԸҩʱҲһι̵֮⡭ ҪҲ˵Ҳġ
ʵ֪֮Ҳ˼ǿĺ󹬣־տġ


64 
ǼҵĿ, Ц۾ˣȰ˵ǴСˡֻЦЦž̲ס
Ǽҵּҵ, үĸּҵĵλΪͬ, Ȼʹӣо͸Լĸһ׽
ïⳡ, ׼ø˲, ˵һޣСҲҪˡ
, ïҲһΪС㣬һʼЩ֣ȴԽԽ˳ڣ޹Ǻ, ֻҪ, ԶּҵĴС㲻ǡ
ǺͿˣïѾͷɣôҪˣïѾͷ˵Ķԡ
˵ŻٲеĽǼҵĵүͷ˶ͦõģǷĲ´С㡣
˼ſ, ϻȴϽȥ, , ַ˶лĴ, ⱲӶĶ飬ȴҲˣĸҾߵַԼȥˡ
ЩģòִȥϻۣԼҲ˼š
ַĸ׾㣬Ǻܵ͵˵òһˮɫĽ߽кëߵıȼףһ¶ûž˳ſ̲ס椣
ּҾôһӣСʱ˸椣Ȼһֱ˳˳ˮĳ
ٺȻˣĸһֱ椣ǰ̫ˣһĸôԼȻ˵ǸС

ϣҵĶĸһӾͱסͷίˡ
ʵֻûмĸףΪǰԭѰִѾһûĸˡ
һֱܼǿҲ˼֮жں濪¥Ժ֮飬ҲԼԭԼ˵ǹزֻĸһḧ̲סί
ĸıĺ󱳺嵽ûˣԺءȻ㣬ԼҲ̲סᡣ
˱ſһĸ䣬ߣݡ
ݣ;ЩԾһֱһϲĹŻˣзڳϵҤѰĻƿѾ˲ˮľ̲ס³ΪҶǸǰĴεƷ
ﵽ׳ʲôˣ
ͻȻ뵽һ⣬ôôĸһף
椣Եʲôĸʵ漴Ĵ鿴һʱЩ֪룬ǵɣĲɣպóȥˣҪղŻ
ײûĹŮˣ̲סʵ˵ʵﵽ׳ʲôˡ
һԵǼҵĶʱ޵ˣС㶼ˣҲסѽǸС˵ʵɡ
ǲǵǰʱʲô£ֻǴˣǱпܼǲסôǸĸ顣
ˡ
˵ʲô𾪵վ̲סʵʲôʱ飬ô˵ԣӣǱֵַģּҲΪõģô׽ѱ͵ȥǱݺ˰ɣ
ĸӲ˲ᣬ㸸׾Ǳ˺ˡ
***
Ϊ̫ˣķ纮һֱãкüһˮȲȥʵٲҪȥš
ɫƣʮСڴĿţʵÿһμ˶ʹĲУŹֺ㲻ҪС˸ʾĸ׸һֻɺã
岻ãȻһֱҪСҽȴ̫ͬ
Ȼ⻰۾һӾˣлʡ
ҪԹԵĺҩ
ΪãһҩҲȵˣʵۼ̲סοĵͷһֱŹã֪Ծɫͺˡ
ʵԭ׼ߣȴǱקס䣬ӵ˵ʣŮ岻ãһֱĸǵģ⼸ҹ͵͵Ŀޣܲ
Ȼǹе¾ܾĴֱۡ
ʵʵ˵ܾĻȻĺ󹬲࣬ǸеλҲˣʺ󲡹֮û׽Ůӣ˵ΨһĹһֱʺŹе飬ҲҪ̧̧棬ҹô˵Ҳȥܾ
Ȼû뵽ʵ۾ȻϲĲУȥԡ£һ빬ʱҲʮҲǺͣһŮӴɬĹɱ䵽Ϊʱ
֪ʵҪڵޣǲ죬ܾò̫ܣǰѾȶ飬Ҳö˵ʲô
С̫̲סȵʦ֮ǰ̫ﲻһֱȰȰ£ҺҪڵȥޣⲻ̫һֱҪĺϢǲȥ̫Ǳָ𣿡
Цһ㻹ǲҪǵĺá
С̫ɫãҲڼʣʵˣȼ۰Ͱ͵ԼĺܣƽʮֵТҲһ仰£һưɡ
洩һᱡɴȹѷ¶ɣʵһȴһ㶣ĽߣȴǹչӺס˻ʵ۵
ʵӽӲЪ˰ɡ˵ͲɫƿŵɵȥεһϾ͵ҲˣҪϢǡ˵ùŮ˵ƣȥǶƺܳȣʵȴǱĺܡ
˵¶Խʺ֣Դӽʺߺû׽󹬵Ůӣʵ˳ȻûУȴǱȲһȥŮˡ  ˵ʧζȴҲ֪Щǿ󲻵ãȻҪ˻ʵ۵ᣬǾˡ
ԸͻȻίҲȡ֮ˣܿԼ˯˹ȥŴȵĺʵ۾
ɫ¹ʵͶϵưҫʮۣʵ۶һ̲סͷ棬һƵģȻĲУǺüҪȴĪļ˻
Ӧõ˰ɣǲ͸ĸЦ᲻żҲһֻһ뵽Ĳ־ݺݵİҶһԣͷסŬԼ˯
һʵ۾̾һѶڽҼѹڵͷ£˯˹ȥ
ϣʵ¿Ҫǵ
ʵ۳ҹҪǵȻΪѪͳĴѯʣʵ۰˰ֵˡʵˣҽˣôˣ
ŹȻˣȴǲԣҽ˵Ǻöˡ
ʵһŵŲȥ̫ʰ


65 
һ, ССӣСɿɰĲУ̫ż֦, վһԣ, ߡ
̫һҴ, Եú⣬, Ľ۲˵ŰѼŵϡ
̸ְһԵĹŮȻ̫, ȥ֡
̫Եܺãǵøһ뱫ȥúúòһǡ
ͣ£Щ֪ν⻰, ̫ϲԾ, ǴЦһӾͱʲô£
¿ˮ̫󼸺һĿ£ѵ˵˵ǲüǵˡ
̫ɫһӾͲÿˣ, һӾ͵ڵϷѵ, ضˮ
ӵʲô, ѵҪʥ˲Ůɫɣ
Ҳ֪Ȱ, ʵ۲ͬʺҲȥ󹬣̫ʮֵᣬֻû˼
϶˼˼Ŷ棡̫ӹֵݹйһݺݵĲ˲֣һƨԱߵ޺ϣһֵȥ빬ɡ
ս˸ȥ ǴӦ£𣿡ֿǻǵϴ˳ܣмģ̲ס˵
̫¹س͢𢣬ôȫģ˵̫¶Цڲű£ڹ곯͢Щ϶ҪƱ¹̸ˣΪλãǷѾѪģѵΪñɵģ
֪̫ᣬȴ̲ס˵ūűβģҪǱƵ̫Ƿʵ䷴
а취̫ƶ˵
֮ÿڶģǺôиĸֵһԣȴǹ¹µһˡ
רĵĨҪ͸̫ģ޴ף帣ͼһССĨȴʮġ
ֶŹһ󼦵Ŀζޣӵʱ򻹺˵ƫƫȴҪʡŻԺŪķ  Ҫбͺˣ䵹ǰȱֺ̲࣬óԣȴˮһİࡣ
ԼûбԹ߱ӣ࣬ͷӣÿӼְõļĳԶģֻǿʵǲθڵӡ
ַ˻û𣿡ͻȻʵ
ЩôҲھӣ֮ǰҲ˵һ ʵֵܸӣҪ˵ɣҲǣӺãúóԣǣҲǲʶôˡ
ȴǸֵŮˣȻʵȾǲݣԽ⻰֮⣬Щʧ䡣
˵ͻȻ֮ǰһЩˣʣһƹϣū·ɡ
Ľ˲ͬĽζʮֵĺã˵žȥ˽˹쳢
һڣĺܺóԣһһڽˣҲȹˡ
һѿ˳ȥ˳Ϳ˵ǹ˶æȥӡ
̫ϤˣǼǣһЩζһʼС̫ҲܣϾ̫Զˣķ쵹ǲ٣Ϲﶼ˵Ҫסйˣһ㣬˵ͱһŴˡ
ԶԽҲǿͿĵƾ˺֮仹ʲô
ǽҲͲˣʵǲʡһһ㣬飬̫壬ʵ۵ĽһȦӣʵ̫ΪʲôٳûּܲⶼˣۿҪˣ̫ȴûκεּ⡣
С̫ȻҲ֪ʵҲЩ֣̫ǿˣ⼸ոʹ;ûϹȻҲС̫ܵĵǣӵ棬ġ
ƫƫȴֲ˵飬ΣС̫ãǾ䣬Ҫĺá
ְˣ̾صڣţֿʼĨֳһǼһЦϲص˵̫ʹ͹㣬ʽ
ЦģҲԣǶȥ˰ɡ
̫⣬ٳһǡ
ùţʵǳԲȥǽ˵ǰ㣬̫ʹͣǱѰһǣǳԹˡ
¶ЦʱͻȻѾߵĺ̫ܽ빬ء
һֱڵ̫Ϣ⻹ǹ֮һ빬־ϲϴɡ
ҲǼֽȥˮȻźϴޣϸϸĸױֻǲ۵ʱȴһЩ
Щ֣䱾İף۲ĶһЩԵ̫ˣȴ
ҲΥױһǷɫȻЩ̫ˣū澾˵̫ˡ ףǣ
һЩ֬ȻϲһЩָۣ˼һ־סˣױԵɫ԰ףǼû˯һ㣬ȴѿȻĶׯ㣬һЩζ
Ͼˣ׼̫ǰʾˣϾ̫һֱûж飬̲ס˵ǿϸ
ȴֻϣһ˳˳ġеĸоʲô̫ľ̫ҪûиϣǾ͵ûȥˡ
Ҳ̾ˣȴûһ㶯ϴ̫ʹ͵Ҳ˲٣˵ȥٲҪлǴΪΡ
ģһóԸġֵ
Ҳô롣ɥʱģžǸĿᶨԼֱ̫ףʺϻʵ۵ĺλѡˡ
˹ȥѾˣ̫Ъ֪˷ǳĸˣæùú
ſһ㶣ﲻˣ
ȴ̫ˣֻ⼸վ˯Ĳ̫ȣҲûԵ顣
̫Ŀ䣬Цǽ̫ҽưɡ
һ̫ʹ˲ٶѣΣԭͶׯһװԽĴ̧̫䣬ȥھʱҲ
ȻвߵգҲʮֳסˣһСźֹ̫ׯ󷽣̫Խϲ
ֹ˼̫СҲ˹
ʵһֱڵҲߣȴûǹһʼΣľʣѾϣˣҲǸ빬Ůûиִ磬ŮˣҲ͸Ÿ
̫ȻûʵۣȴһֱŷʵͲһ⵱ڶǻƾϼǾ²ڶİӡ
ʵһʼûʲôź²˾֪̫˼ˣҲû̫̫ģԲԻ
С빬̫֮͵ĸˣǰһֻһ٣Ҳʼˣ١
һջʵۿ¹ͷĵȥɡ
һֱŻʵۺֽ̫ϾҲͷۣʵ˰ȥ£ٻǺһЩɣȻָòˡ
֮ǰܺһ㣬ȴȫȻˣⶼʲô޿ɺȲȥ°ɡʵָǳ״¹˵
Σ컹ţأջ¹ޡ üһ̫ѻʵ۲ģܲסŮ˰ɣ漴빬Сʱһݣ̫ǲʲô˼ɣ
***
ûеڶֱ̿£ָϽһ멣С㣬ҪഩһЩ
ƣ۾Ǳߵ𣿡
ûС
ïһů¯Ϊ϶˱ҪǳС߲ſԣȻͻ˱棬Щ˱ɶʮĶ𻵲á
С㣬ů¯ïߵǰů¯ݵϣһҪֻôֱ۵ĲУôôȥҪ÷纮ģС㣬Ҫǲˣ˭ȥүѽ
һů¯žûïĻܿסֵӵ˱Ҫǵ̿裬һСյ˾ˡ
ŵϣڰ˱ֻǿ֣֪ʲôζû뵽ȻѾز
ԭ޵ʱﾳͲˣ游ƾӪһֱڿǮֻǸȴûж˵óױںĲ͸˵ˡ
ּұϾǼӪȻѣȴҲ׿ҲάֵȥֻǸȴ֡
ï˱ϵҲ̫Ҫ˰ɣôӣͳԵȥ
һֱΪĸΪܸɲվһߵģȻܸɣҲûٸôڲŷ֣ԭΪںӡ
ǴĸҲܳסģȻҲû¶һ֣Ǽﳹ׿ˣ˱Ͳ֪֪ġ
ЩǮҲǱɽһǣüø׵Ѻ˼еӣѧȥҪ׬һʵģȴǸ޵׶ڻûκεĲ
үеѺȥ󣬿˼꣬ȴֻҵһ󣬸ãصڿǮĹǮ ׻Ӷ޵׶ïָ˱һ˵
ҪӲܰүȳָΪӣ˸ˣĴΣȻ滹һ׮˾ʵ˵ЩӵġһԵĲ쳤ʵ˲Ҫڶһ꣬˲ˣЩ־ǡ
ïЦ֣Щ
־
һô˵ǷծǮ쾭壬ȥӰɡ


66 
鷿ʱѾ, ƿķŴ̹ǵĺⴵϡ ˽ϵ£ϵñ, ŵǰ·ں, ʵ·ˣǱ۾߹ȥ
ֻһ·, ԽԽľϵĺᶼ, ȴûᣬټָ, ȴֻǼյ
ֻһصԶ
ãĸ͵ԷˣЦźƸ˵ϵĲ˲࣬ÿһϲԵĲ, ɼϵķġ
ԭüչ, Щһ֧ҪԸծҪȥտүڸе͸˵ˣĶɢˣǰջмѾߴŶ, ˲پŰ׽
Ǻϵ̫, һж, Ҫǲúô, ˯һûˡ
֮ͻȻҵĹǣܰȳһڷˡ
֮ǰЩĸҪƸݸλش𣬱ϾǸУ˵˲ݹϵ
ǺϺʹĽƸõ飬ʮֹģȻҲòƸĺÿҲ𣬲仰ͺĺϸ˲ѣܿЩĺܼѣֻҪƸڣͻһֱЦš
˵ʲôôˡ
ϼ֣Щ˺ϲθڡ
һƸ͵ˡ ǲĸ³ĲˣĸûвĲˡ ָĸڣƸͲýˣ͸ĸһ
̲סЦҲǰ˲٣Ǽ˻еġǵĺƸΪɼѾʮֵˡ
үԭŵݣүȥݵʤżģ⼸ȴһֱÿգĸס ʵǵˡ
Ƹ˵֣أһӾͺˣæ˵æľǣһ㶼ﲻæ ûáƸָо;úΣһ·ţȴһæﲻϣ鶼㡣
үǼҵ飬ԼҲûа취ܰæ˵ӣиı£ֻʱǡòóĲǣ˵ǻھְ˵Ǩˣ˲𡣡
ƸúǸˣ̲סЦĺÿôһЦʱǰһƲ
ĸһţվһ𣬶һĺÿģֱǶԵĺܣ̲סЦǱ˵Է
ϵպܺãƸһھ޲ڣúЦ£죬ȻϲͶԵ㡣
ƸҲ⼸·ϸ·ίʵҲûԺãĳֻͺȴװ£ʲôθڣݲݵĳ˼ڡ
ţͰѶ˵˵ˣﻹӣȥǮׯȡˣȳǮӻˡ漴ϵǺˣ
һ׮Ͼ̲סᣬǹͷΪʡӣ͵ϣûмӹ̿󶴣¿ȴȫƵ㸸ϡ
˶ˣ
ҲҿûڳֻǵһЩƽֻɻˡĸ˵
ָ˼꣬ȴһֱûڵΨֻǵʯҲ࣬ǿԻһЩżڣ˵׼ҵˣȴǳ⵵顣
֪ȻֻǷծҲڹãû뵽Ȼô࣬һʱ˵ѹ˵¿ǰԴڿϣ׬ľǮ
ּȡе˿ۣǼеѵĸ˵ǰ㣬Ӧڹǹͷмֽš
⼸岻ˣҲȥţ˭֪ǹͷʱҹ̸ˡĸӣֻǼһʱòǱߵȲ㸸ҪˣϹȥִˡ
üģȥ
ƸҸһȥɣǼڽ껹ݡ
ڽָ꣬ڽĸôڣҲΪʲôûϾȥ̽׵ԭһһؾҪ·̣ŰȥȻȥҲùѡ
ǾͷүˡҲûп
ƸѾ˲ûᱩ¶ԼʵݵˣҲʮԼһֱѣֻҲһᣬ̹
ϼƸģ۾¶ЦŻصڣǼҵ˵д͸֪ǺˣҲȥϾȥ߲ʱծƵƵţͲóȥּүˣźЩˣŸүȥǱƣ˭ֳ֪⵵¡
ǼҵĵҪū˵ӦøС˵ˣСܳ
ϵϾŮӡ
ǰǻŮʵۣ˿ɲҪС˴С㡣Ǽ˵
ҵСǴϵ⣬֪ܲı£Ů̫ˣҸӣ˭֪תתģ㡣˵ž̲סᣬ˵ûãû˵ֵܣȻҲ˶ûС
ǼҵİοүȻŲб£ȴǸҰҲ̫ˡ  ǸүǸ֮ˣȻûб£ǴСԼܳҲǰĺܡ
Ƹϲ¶Цϣ˰ɡ
϶ǣȻҲǧĸŹǣǼҵ̲ס˵ˣүģûūһμʱ룬ôôεĺأĿǺãҪǺʹС˺ӣҲ֪Ǹʲôģ
Ҳ̲סڴֻ뵽״Ĵ̾ӣһӵˡֵϹʲôͲܵ飬ĸܵӲүˣһһƽƽģҲûʲôˡ
ǼҵҲ̾Ҳ˵ӣҲʮżҲ˲ҽ
***
ڶһ𴲣Ѷ̵þȥ˵̣˵ָѾûʲôֵǮĶˣԴ󲿷ֶԼģļױҪûؼҴ˭֪þӦ˼
ٺõֻҪ˳ȥǼǮǼ룬еǮ˴գʮӣһʴĿҲֲï˵
ô죿ï
һǴˣ
˵ȻԺǱïŵֱһҡͷ˵ˣϲģܵ
Ҳ
ʲôïһӾûӦȴָָϵǮׯ˼˵и뷨
һǮׯţǻƼ˺˷ܣһ̧ͷǸŮˣϵЦݾͼһЩλˣ߲ƱȥڣҲǿģרŶġ
Ǯׯֺ֣ܶһƱƱ⣬ҲǴǮõģһ־ǷŴģǷŴġ


67 
ƹĳ
ǻȻǸŮ, ʵе󣬳»ȥ˴͵Ȳ裬ȥƹ
ҲǸֺ, ֻһ겻һֱ꣬ʮǰ, ʱͻȻѼλô˽򾭣֮Ͳķ, ʱ˵ԹصǼܲί, ̽ԾˣӺ蹶Ͼ˸ӹϵ, ǲΣ蹵Ĳûпˣ򾭲ʮ;Ȼǡ
ΪƹӦˣ˭֪Ȼ˸ʮӣһΪͨƼ޽г, ŷ, ¶ɬЦžʮ֡
𣿡ֱ˵ʵ
ԵĻ˵ʲôأٶң
˵ͷΪиʮ
ʮ򣿡̲ס
˾ȵĿ漴˰ֽлƲҪڲ, , ҵһ, ִСֱӺˡ
ŹȻֺ, ôϳˣҲûоȣؼľҪ˽˵ȷľ
˿ƿͿģȴǰĽһء
ٶұСȴǳסּѾأ֮ǰԱߵױһͷ涼ˣȴ򶨣ָûκεĻ̬;ãһݴݾ͹Դˡ
ï˳ïۣΪİ֮ʹ·϶û֣ͣƽռΪϧóʱ򻹾֣ȴȫˡ
ïСİ˰ϣӲ˲棬̬̲ס࿴ۡ
һҪҲزסԼĳԾǣ
ͷҪʮӣٶܲ
û˵һԵĻȴǵһ˵ģ͸һģʮ˵þõģ
ЦԭҲòѽ
һ⻰е¶Ҳǲ岻ģҧȴųȥٶң
治ȥȴҲϸϸĿ˰죬Сƾʮ򣿡̺ǮׯǮׯóӶȴܡ
ǡ
£˵漣ʮҲʹãִС㣬ǮׯǸֻֻܳ.˵ȭ˻Σʮ˼ֵϢ黹
ҡͷʮ̫ˡ
С㣬Ѿҵĳˣţݹ˱飬Ҳиߵļˡ浹Ǻܳš
ïֱˣû뵽ŸʼҪǮҲһԸӡ
аɣʱҪģһ黹𡣡ּۻ۵
£ȥ˼⻰ͬˡ
ȴ뿪ӣٶҼ¡
ϾĹ±ҲĹǣԽԽǷģԼۣ漣ֻٵֻԹžûϹҪҸ˼²ǡ
Ȼû飬ûָ˲ˮµĸ㣬͸ղŵĸսʱ̬׿Ȼͬ
ӵĹлƴֹ˼䣬üչС㣬ǰڣҪ
ʲô뵽ˣȴû뵽һ㣬ЩգʵҲǲУǵĸ׵״
ʱһѾ˽˼䣬üͷȥңһʱȴһεı飬С㣬ʮӣҪƱҪ
ͳˣ¶˼ɫ
ҪһֵʣµĶƱֻС㣬ߡ
ȴͻȻлá
ʲôãȻ˵ɬĿ̲סЦϾҪȥˣںСۡ
ƶ£ź˵ۣ
źһѾ׵òŮӣǴӾӻϻۣڵߵĸǰˣҶ˵ˣʵҽۣǹ⣬ֻǵʱΣŲ¶˵ž͵ͷǲģ
ʵͲ³ϻǼȴҲ˼ӻ飬ҲԱ˵Լ
𾪵ǣȻۣǺүˡΪԺ㶨²žȴδӻ飿
һŮ⣬ȻҪСһЩиӵ˼Ų˵ȴҪмˣȻҽվû취ȥˡȻˣͲ֮ǰǰˣֱ˵˵
棬϶ǰǸ֣ȴΪ۵ĻͬӣʵΪܴһ顣
ּǵ˱ʱʱ˵ˣ׾ҲǽƣҪһء
ˣȻֵʮӣֻǸ˵ģѡȻ˵Ȼ˵ּǻܺãҪĻǮ飬ʵǲԸ֮ģЩȴûж˵
ЦĿۣҪл㡣
ۼʵģһӾͺˣ¶ɬЦʵһֱʮֵΣö˵ˣﵽ鲻˵ˣֻѹĿڵһʯͷڰȵ
˲С£ĸһֱҪлл
ţæҲӦȥлٶ·ɡ
۷ͻָĻãǵıĸ첲һֱȥݷõлȴܡ漴ʵˣô³ģ
ǰл̲ӵĲӡһ֡

˵￴棬ȵţЩдҪҪȥֺαô̺ŵӡǣȻΪ֮ ԸͿͨӡҵۣɼϸ˼ˣ˼ǾǸ֮϶Ǳ濴㡣
ҵլӾ̺һϣҲԶ˵лĸû˵㣿
Ǹĸ֮ý֮ԣȻǲ׵ģĸһˣ˵У޳ȥŮóȥˮۣ˵ʵǲò¡
һ٣֪Ҷ׵ǾүҲ˵ˣֻ˵취˵Ż¡¶͸صɫҴСĸĸһģΪʲô
֣ԺǵúúТĸˡ
۹ɵĵͷȻҲǰĸԼΪ׽ˡ
ʵҪ˵˵ҪܳˡԺֻĿһʹȴǼ˵λүһɫƦӣһǫǫӣǸʮӣʶӢͦ
˵˵ž;ԼͣȴΪ𾪵ϢҲûע⵽ı飬һȴǷ˵ǰ㣬үǸˣЩ鲻ݺǷˣͲǱߴˡ
ô˵һӾͱ۵Ļ˻
۵ͷģˣ¶˵ˣǰ¶ģĸ׸Ҷ׵ʱͻȻˡ˵⻰Ŀȴĳǰ濴ȥ
ʱסƺܵ۵Ŀ⣬תͷòĶףȴͣϣĿˮǰ͵ˡ
ۣ
***
ʵ̫ڣҲû˵˵ʲô˵ĸˡ
һת۾͵Сһ죬̫ٲҪдϷ빬СĶոĺ䣬ضǰѩϷ̨ȴ棬Ȼ˻裬ȴҲʮֵĺ䣬ǳСˣһܴðɫĹ
Ϸĵطгˮ鿵ĶһС¥ֻҪϴӾܱܺϴҲˣԿŰȣȻȻЩ䣬ԱߵŻ裬Ҳů¯Ҳߡ
ҰÿǳʮֳڣҲһ䣬⳪ǻС
̫ҲĽζʹˣһͶ˵ЩˣȥԱСЪ
ȥɡ
̫ȴʲôϷùңúľǡ
ɵ˵ʵҲˣȥ
̫Ȼο˵⺢ӿǶ£Դ֮󣬴չңʵǲȥˡ
̲סۣǸõģǾڹˡ漴ƸĻ£ͷ󣬺׶»£һת۾ӻˡ ʱ˼ֱ֪ô죬ڴϱȥһɼл˵СҲˡ
ԣСҲƸ䣬һξã»ҪԸС Լ֮ǰûûƸ»ȷġ
Ȼ˶ˣȻû취ˣһ˳ȥˣݻ˾ȹ˵
ʱ˻Դϱ˵ǼСǸӣǰҲû棬Ҳʲô£ϼС㣬һŮⲻ֪Σա
⻰̲ס̾Ҫ֪δϱӻˣٲҪ䣬֮ҲﲻȴСİΣȷʵǰﲻææĲУһҲʮܿɹ
Ϊ˻οá
˺ϲ䣬㶮ԽǾÿϧҲ֪̫䣬ҲûĻˡ
̫ȥԱߵ᷿ʰ룬˵ʮֵů̫ͣů͵ĿͷϣһϷĵط䣬
ֶˮҪ̫֣˹ϸ΢չ̫̫ģԽԽǻϲǸõģһֱϲ㣬ֻǻʵۡ  һֱǹȥĽʺʱҲҪԼղǡ
⻰˵ģЩȴ̫Ĩȥùɡ
䵹Ҳûж룬һ멾ͳȥˡ
Щ֣ſڲûʲôˣŻΪûڣԶ߿ˣֻ߽չϷ˶͵͵ˣҲǲܡ
ǵŶ룬ȴһʮֵůͣչˣϤ㣬Ȼǡ ϸһڴˮƺԡиȥ޸¡
׻ղ̫˵ĻҪԼղǣʱ򻹲̫ףȴȫˡ
ڹЩӣҲٲµ谭ʲôǻʵ۸ͲԸ⡣
ʵ۸ղŻǱϷôԡҲ̫ɺһЩһˣеȻ̫źõġ
ȷֻҪĽڣλˣһֱĶӦûԥǣȴǹǦһ㣬һ
ͻȻñǧӦģʺ󣬵ҲģӦ


68 
ͷ, ίߵˮ˳ջ䣬ڵϣһССȦ, ת˲֮䣬;뿪
ȻҪû, һȴǰַʽϻʺ, ⲻҫżʹĸ, ҲͬģΪ衣
ֺҲ, תͷ׼ȥΪˣ̬ҲƽŲҲࡣ
ֻǸҪžֻū澿ģ
׻, ִʵ۵, ȣ ſĿڣŵߵ˴ڣƿţĿʼմĺأرƤĴ멣һֱβ, кüλ㱻Լ
Ӿͷ, Զ·ΧһȺ̫, ֮ǰû, ھվһȺϥҲΪʲô
̫ѾúһУֻϾˡ
һŵİΪ˶ܣϥйȥǵעſڣҲû뵽ߣְ취Ҳû˿
ܼû·Ҫһְֻǿȥʮֲף˳
״Ӱһ̧ͷͿиվԼǰ棬һȻҲǱˡ
˽տ޵ĲУȻ궼Ҫǣÿζ̲סſޣһŪЩͷۣ׼Ҹ᷿ЪһȻ䡣
ֱкɫĻۣȻǱ֦˵ģҲˣմżƬҶһڵϹģ
ǡ
ͻȻֵ𣿡
ͻȻ͹ͱס˵ȣˣһΡ
һʱԺ۾ҲʮְȻ䣬˹ŶձȴȻֱͦġ
ԡû 
᷿ǱĲ֪˭ȥɡ
˿ⳡĻ޴Ҳȫˣ̲סһ㵵죬¿˵̫
ۿģŰˣû̫һţĶ飬Ҫǲ޸еλҲɣǻ²ָ洵ˣ
̫߳ŭ˵֪߳ܣֻվǱߣΣһֽڶҪȡˡ
ǲزסµˣϲԱѾ˲ˣֻҪͬС
˻ЩĶˣǸǲţΪʲôԸ⣿Ϊʲô
ѾˣϾط᷿ԶЩ֣ǿôܵǱȥѾڣʱֲõԤУ־òܣ䲻һֱҪʺ󣬲Ȼһ˾̴Ϊʲô
̫ȻҲò죬ֵĲţָָķ򣬵ȥơ
˵סйҲӦģӦַʽ˵̧ͷˣĿ˵İȻ
һӾͱסˣΪλã˲ֶΣǼ˵ģȴͬ㣬ֱûпʱҪΪֵַúӣҰ㡣
̫ʱ򣬿˷ĵϵĻҳ̫̫󡣡
ʵҲ˹ɫ࣬ʪź£Ŀ̫䣬ȻһҪôϷģ
̫¶˼ɫȴǵʲôί͸˵һġֵֿǿ᷿ôˣ
⻰İʾζʮˣȴʵ޶ۣ᷿ĨȴΪ·СģˤԱߵȥ˺һ·ȻͲˡ˵лˡ
̫ɫһӾͱˣӲѿ˵
ǲóѣһŴ̫ı²ڵˣȴݺݵסֱۣһʱعû
̫һȻЩĵɨɫᶨ䣬ֿԴżˣˣҪˣɲѧ˵ѡ
ʵȻû뵽˵̲ס࿴ۣ̫ıȵĻּģĸҪĸ˵ʲôʿɶֹɣ
̫ʲô뵽ˣһжҲ˳һһʼģǵľѳۣǱźţŮòСźţҲͻ֮ǰŭ⣬ȻʵҪⲻǻС㣿
ȻˣͷɼҲͲˡ
̫û뵽¾ȻԼϣȻԸ⣿ȻԸΪʲô뾩֮ǰдôŹ˵ǵķ  ֮һֱԣźѵЩǼٵĲɣ
̫ԽԽһǸеŮӣ˭֪һС¶ãǽҺʧ˵ֶһԵ˵ǰ͸˵̫ʲô¶ҪߣҲЩˣҪٻȴֲϷ¼ӣί¾һߵģⲻ֪һĴ멶𡣡
ֻõϻģΪһ»ˣ̫ü˵
˵ػֻ˵ˡ
̫ȻݣǰͶЩС˵ҪԼݾ۸ڶҪ̤̤ʵʵ£ϾЩݲ汲ƴµĹͣһϵûУǵűҪִ֪磬Լ汲档
ϱĲУҲ̲סȴҧûģֱͦģ˿źǲġ
ֵ̫ѿĶһգ㱿ֱţûִģҿˡ˵Ҳ˦ˡ
ʵ֮ǰǶ࿴䣬ѵö˵ĸѿȥɡ
ǳϰµģ˻ʵ۵ĻĹǣ˵ͷ·İɡ
Щ˵Ҷ֪
ţʱҲû̫ѿǱϳǸϳ˲˵ҲǼΪεġ
***
ʵתͷ׷̫ȥ̫Ѿ˼ȴһͷۣϵ˲ͷϣڿͷϵӭϺȲˮ
ĸ󣡡
̫ͷҲ̧˵շˣȻȥɡ
ʵȴĸǵģ׼ȥ޷ȥ
̫⻰Ȼ̧ͷŻʵ۵ʵֻۣ˵ʲô
ʵʵû˼ĺܡ
ұ죡
ʵȴͷҲصĳţ̫ţػصԭصⲽãǲĵĶֵȥ£ȥ


69 
ȿʵɫ, ̲סʵ£ɫҲ, ͣȥҲ죿
족
ȶʱͲ֪˵ʲô, ʵȵ, Ϊ紵λε, ¶ʵӰڵס, Ÿĥʲộ
ֻΨΨŵŵȴϰµ, Ͼ챻̫ס, ûʵ۴εľ
ʵ֮ǰ̫ͲԾԼĪѾŵˣ̫ϾǻʵĸʱҲȥ̽һȴ´ŭ˻ʵۡ
ʵ۶̫Т˳ǿģ˭֪, ʵȴִ
ʵۺ̫󳳼ܲҪ, Ͼĸ, ֵѿ, Ҳ˴ͻЩΪѡ
ЩӶǼ˻ʵ΢˽õģҲʮֵ˳ҰлŻʵˡ
һʱŵֻһһʧڹſڣҹ塣
׷ʱ򣬻ʵѾˣΪżһ¶ûţɫ죬̲סֽһǺȶ˰̣ɼж䡣
Ѿˣ
̲ס̾վԭسҪȥ׷־׷ϣһԵĹŮ֣ǸϽȥ̫ɡ
ҲǣżΣ
ֻصڣ̫ſڣ޺ϣνӣʵսʱԸо̫ӱ¡
̫󣬱Ѿȥˡ
̫֮һӾǸңΪһ֮ȴûһʵ۸еӣҰ죬Ҫңɺͳ
һʱû˵һСĿ̫󣬼ƺ΢һ㣬˵һ± ˮ֮˺óʱ䣬һֱ˯̤ʵ˰µƾʦƾм֮һ仰ūʲôʱ벻޷𣿱¾Ȼͷˡ
̫⻰ֱվóʱû˵
ھ⣬ȥԺ·һʵۿϤ·һʱ̲סֱĿţһţﲻζһοʵ㶯飬Ϊϧһһεĺ̫󳳼ܣǺãȻԼһԵˡ
Ǹʵʲôҩ
ǲ·ڣʵ۵û˵ʲôŰ¶ȥǱѾŶиСܳһѣģʵ۹˵£ƾ
ʵ۵˵ͷҲûжʣСн˰¡
Ȼܴ󣬵ȴƣطʧޣʵҪؽ£ȴǱƾʦˡ
Իʵ˵޷޵ľЩⲻ̫⡣
ڹǰ湩̨ϵһϺϣڱĿ񣬻ʵ۷ģڿׯصһĻʱƽ
ƾʦ
ƾϺ۾ʵϲϲģָָһԵŵ¼ȻˣҲһɡ
ʵ۾֣ӹСеݹϵİ˰ݡ
ԭΪʵֻǹɢģȴסΪæȥһ᷿Ȼ᷿õģǽϾȻж棬ֱӴ˽漸ûʲô
ʲôů¯˪֮̿ľͲ˵ˣȻٲˣЩҲܳԿ࣬ô죬Ȼ̿裿
ȻЩʲô⣬ͷ۵ʱ򣬻ʵ۾ȻͿʼ޷ˣÿպƾϺһի̬ʮֵƽ
̲סţ²ĳҰɣ
***
ҴһͳˣϾ·ȥ꣬ˣۺǲҪµ˵飬һȥ
Ȼ̴ʱ䲻Ϻһᣬ˺ƣ̲סʶľҲһζ෴ȴʮֹʹ죬˼ܣΣңǸˡ
ĸ׵ķԸ˵ûݳǣϾвٵӣ˵ãȻȥɣַ˻ٴȥּ͡
Դӿ֮ĹϵȥǵĻܲͬΪϲһǲزסģÿ˵ʱʶľͽʮֵᣬ۶Ҳ˼СŮ̬
㡭  үôأ
˵ʲôζһ߾üȻۺ⣬Ӧһ𣬱Ͼѵɡ 뵽Ժ㣬˵ܣϾԺδӣԺ֪۴᲻Թ
Ȼһ˼Уĸ׸ʰ˶·Ƹ˵Ҫģû֪ȥ˺ǰգĸ˵
ѳĸȥծȻˣʣµ׼ȥ顣
İɣǰһѵġ
ĸͱֻҲﲻʲôԼҪءֵ㲻Ҫģֻܰȥ㸸ǡ
֣صĵͷͳȥ
һ·ͣģڵ˽ݵĽ紦в̼кܶջҵһס˽ȥ
˯һڶվ̣ϵʱ˽ǡ
Ϊˣǹڵգ˼Ѿڼſڹ˺·Ҳвٽ̷ïΪԡ
˿ջźһˮֱȥ˸ôΣΪף䶼Ե޾ɵģһûؼҳԾ˯̬ȾͺܲʶֱһȥֺŮͷͨһ¡
ķ죬Ͼ¶ЦԭүŮѽɡ
ֳʪһ;ûܣ⻹ź£󣬸һֱطǶܡ
һͣͷŮˣ
ģŵһգصĵݣĸӣи⻰Ȼȴô
Ϥᣬվſڵˡ
Ǹ˼ѵ˹Ϊûϴ裬ζأҪ˵С㶼ҪηһǶĲС
ֺȻҲ֪Լζţҿ̫ȴĿĶſϤ漴һӾ̲סʳҵĹŮ
ȻŮӣΪֺĶŮ飬ˤˣ»ˣ߰ĻǱֺڻһͬ
һ˵Ҫѩֺڱ˱ԺÿĶŮȥСס
ĸʱҲֺŮ̫谮ˡ
ֺ£ȴͻȻʲôȥ
ؼҹꡣ˲࣬˴ָʵ˵


70 
Ů˱һ, ȴĬĬᣬֻиͻȻĿ˳һʱָסˡ
ָֺһ̧ͷͿŮվһʮòĹ, ηҲڵò, һ㡣
ǣ
Σ, Ůһ, һֱչŮ
ܿˣƸηģ, ⻹ǵһοָѾ㲵ĲӣĻȻǲ˵˵, ֱܴĵط
ָǼ˲, һ۾ͿƸǸѵôӡ
ҿ쵽ƽϾҪҲǺôᣬĸ׼İ, һ, 涫׼һӦȫ, һë, ůͣȴƤƤ̫ҡ޵ĳۣм£ƿûпҩƣ֪ﳱʪõġ
ֺȻ֪ĸֱʣϵİƣĸ׿϶ܵģ
ָĸʮֵĶ˵ָСͺϲãһֱ󣬾ȲĸȥȢɪ쳣Ȼĸ֮ˣָȴûһԹ˶ĸʩѹסС
ΪĸԼֶŮּϷ˵Ҳֻּܿһӵ顣
ַΧг󣬺ܳʱΪз޶ģֱȥĸУ˾˷Ҫ檣ĸϣΪ¶֪ԭ˶ġ
ĸɫͦõģ˵ҲûԵġæο
Ȼָ¶ĵɫεĶ˵ǵûãҪһŮⱼ
Ͼ͵ŮѾûмˣҪˣŮָʲôţҪ˵ֻˡ
ָ˹Ȼ¶۵ıϾ˵öԣҪ
ȥҲ˼ֵףҪίˡ
֮ǰĸѾˣΪ׾ݣԸĲֻ࣬˵ָ۸ǴģȻ󷽣˺ĺЦļϲ£죬ʱ͸ָηǵطҪԭηúܶ࣬иܿ⣬д¯ȡů
ŷģ˸໰ƸһֱһԲ岻죬Ҳ˳˵˼ָĵ֮İοָƸǰֿѣʱܰʵǽοֻǡָƸҪʵ̫ˣЩŮࡣ

ŴƸΪβòӲأ
ͷָۣȻˣȥѣȲ˵Ƹû˼үǰүʲ̫ңǸʵΪ׽һŮ
ûʲôʱţҪ󲻵á
ŶƸòԣô˵Ҳٸʵˡ
ѩżҲѩֳʪЩѩļͷϣˮӣָæɡˣǲҪȥݷ֪ˣ
ȴҡͷ֪͸ҲЩ飬˵λ˽˽ףҪ£ҪӿǱ֡
ѾٽأöѾӡϢˣԲȥ֪ˣԭŻȥ֪Ǳ߿ֻǺ͸̸һͷ֣ùˡ
Ҫȥ
ȥǱ߰ɡ˵⻰ҲïŶһԿ˵ˣϴ˵ζܵ˳Է岻ˣʲôûˡ
֪ïԷ˵֪һ˵ͷЩˣžͳһӣŵڻûԣѾǿˡ
ֻһ󣬿ҪղȥǱˡ
ïԥϾ͵ūǱһЩ·ϳԣȲ·̣Ҳܵ棬ɺã
ֵͦãҸղžŵζˣĺܡ
ҲöѽƸʵҲˣ˲ֺïĻϾͳȥ򣡡
˵ûȻʮֵĺóԣƤڶ㣬ִƤҧһζڶҲĺóԡ
ƸڱЩ˵˼滹лء
ͷһȻһһһ·һȦȦģγһԲεĻƣرͻȻͣ¡
ôˣ
ïȥʮ
ï֣ǼȻԸˣҲû˵ʲôĬĬȥ˶ʮƸЩȻԼĶӣ˵ǲ֪һûԱ
ûԱ
Ƹĵͷ̲סЦָӣԱ
ǳָʱȥɽϣʮֵ·һʱ֮ǰ͵ߡ
СҪ㣬Ȼһ˳žҪزȥˡ
ͷŹܼȥ⸽вٵ󣬵òһҹָҲģһʼҲ˳ܿڳʯֻϧһ㣬⼸꣬ȴһֱûдҪЩ󣬵Ǽȥһȴ˽ָ꣬ھҪȴǳ顣
󸽽һӣЩǵסܼҵĻ̫̫࣬Ǳ˶ԲĶǰˣǵͦܳԿģҲԸΨһҰҪǾȥ˻˵ָ˵˻ӵģȴΪ˼վ;ƭǣֱӰүˣ֪˺үмֽ飬˵Ҳסү
֪ĿǰˣΪߴΪһĵطɳĮ˶࣬ˮԴҲ˶־޶ԭһȻӿһ㣬ǱȴǰȵĶࡣ
ȥưɡ
˴ӣһĺվſڣһѾԭɫްҲģžǼûϴˣΨһ˫۾ȴǴе䣬һ˫Ư۾˿̶ǳޡ
ˣӳ¿ˮ
洫һӲԭ˵ϴ˭仰֨ѽһűƿһݵĹŮˣһ¨߳¨ﻹһӣҲǺһ˫ϾĴ۾ˡ
ּҵˡ
Ů۵ĿǽŴľʣʧȥϣͻȻ⻰Ŀʮĺ⣬˵ˣɱ˳ּҾӹҲûá


71 
, ֲүǡ ѽµĻû˵ͱСкʯӴϣľ׼ǳŹµ, ʶľֱסȻܿ, ֱȴ⡣
ȥСк
ǹ»˵ȴǱֹˣתͷï, ڱҡŴïӹӣСķſڡ
˭Ҫ͵Ķ
û, Եúƽ˵Ǹ׵ָʹ, ǹͷ˿۵µģҲһලϣ˲Ĵ
ﲡˣҪúóһٷǡ
һҳȥ˼, ̬ȴǿӲ, Ҫָһ֣Ȼ֪Ҳʮֵͷۡ
Ӵպúˣ׼ؿջֻӳȥĵ·Ҳһ, պþһ
ų, ˻ȥɡ
, ȻҪǫѷ͵, һþ͹һ񣬼ȻһҪãǾˡ
Ϊ̫˵ƿúϣһƣȻйһ֮Եλˡ
żղϵıĸΪȻҲһ㶣Ǵк
˵Ҳͬѹȴһ仰û˵
ȥ·ϣһֱû˵ȻЩѹֵģ˭ûѣЩ˵̬ȣʮֵĹִѲ
漸ңȻһǰ㼤ңҲˡ
˿ջΪ;ʵЩˣϴ˴ֻźı죬ȥ˯ţӶǸеģǸӡ ûˣû룬Ӹжѣ
ԽԽǺǸͷȻΪ˿˿Ӳȥӹ̿󶴣ǮҲµȥ֣
޺޵ţĺǣһҪ׽ģΪ˸ԩҲǸЩİһ
ﷴģ飬ô˯ţ˵ƣïīʼ֡
ддž̲ס뵽Ժϣһյģôˣ
***
ڶ죬ѵ˯һ֮Ͷïôң
ïһ߸ͷһߴżھ˵ūҲ˯ͷˡ
ԭʮֵİգïĻ̲סһЦѾͷǽҲ֪˵Щʲôˡ
ֶŹ⻰Ӿǡ
ïϾĵˣ˳ʱūһֱźţʵĲˣɲҪңūҪ˰ӣڴϣԺ˭źǣ
Ҳ˵˵⻰ҲЦϣź˵˶ȥˣͲһ
ź˵ѾߵȻˣ÷˸˵ľһǰɣïϲˡ
Ǻôһ
ֺï߰죬һЦĲУҲ֪˿̫ѹ֣һЦһЦҲû˵ʲô
ǿջСͶȻûʲôθڣҲǿһЩ֮ʹ׼ȥһ
Ƹڣʵүأ
ï⻰үһͳȥˣҪ
Ҳûж룬ֻ·ֽвȥЩӣһĻҪֱ࣬Ҫʮ
һߣƸڽǰ棬˰գǹ˽ȥ˵ȥӣ˵СҪ
Ƹ˵ԼǱ˷֣Ҫӻ飬ҪǱ׽ȥҪȲɣȻס
Ȼ֪пܻᱻ֣ĺһǾȥˡ
ЦүʶСˣ
Ƹ
ڵ˵ãһģСļһξˣǼүɣүʲôϵҪͨСȥɡ
Ƹ뾲ĵģȴǱ˳գ˰ͳһЩӣ˵ɲҪ˵ˡ
ģСء˵⻰·һӣӼƸǳԾϾƸòʵǾˣӼ˵ү񡣡
һȻү
Ƹ
ƸѽӿûһɫɤţɣȻǿƸˣҲ˵ˣ浹ûʲô۶ӣĴƸȥסԺӡ
˵汲ףһֱʮֵĽãƸĸǳԽ
ӺƸһ꣬˵꣬ӲӦСҪڣŮŵõĶӣˣͷ̥ǸӣϷˣȻˣҲûֳ
ҫڳԾƣһŮڵתöʮֵĶˣ˻Ȼû˵˵Ŀȴһģӡ
ͨүүˡ
Ů⻰һ㶣үүӻˣôܵ˴ˡ
ҫ⻰Ǻ֣˵Ŀɲǲ塣
Ů¶˼ɫүΣҪүҲ¥Ȼŵʮ㣬ȴҲǸѵô֮ˣүൣү֡
ҫ̾оﲻصġ
о⻰ˡ
ȥɡҫеǽƼˣ鷳¡
ҫб磬ңоҪžƸĻֻüҴҵתܵ档
ҵĹϵҲǱˣƸôҲǴģϾһֺԵʸζ
ҫͷ۵ķˡ
£Ѿ˲ˮҫжƸŪʲô£Ȼӻ飬ҲΪĻ²˶ģ
ƸίҲϲ
ҫʱҲĽƸǼСĺӣ˵ҲܷϣڼܳģȻôͱϳȥˡ
˵ɣʲô¡
Ƹ̵ذ˵ˣ˵ҫоַʲôϵΪҪ
ƸѰѡ
һõŮѣһ𣿡
ƸԵﲻɣ
ҫԭƸģôһ˵;ƸʵЩ֣ȻһŮǣ壬ⲻǱƭ˰ɣ㵥Ůƭ˸Ҳǲܣ
ѽ˵ôͻȻӻ飬ԭˣ
ƸϲôӹĹĵģ˵ұ˵ģңǸ¥ĻָʹİɣΪʲô֪Ǻլأ漴㲻ҲУҾȥµȥҹĸȥ
㼱ʲôҫŵһڲ


72 
ȥ԰˵Ĵ, ٽأЩͿϳԿİҲڿһˣеǮ˼һȥð, һѣֻһЩ, ࣬ôһ㶫ҲǾøˡ
Ȼʮֵ, ˶·ģֻ߿Ժ￾, ֻȥʱԭԵеİ, ȴ¶жԵɫïЩ¡
Щһ׺ݾƤԭڣЩɲïȴǺܴ, ï̲סʵ, ˣ𣿡
ʲôµģֲ¶ġ
ȥȥǼңͯԺ棬¶޵Ŀױϴκúܶ࣬ûжʯӡ
ء
ܡ
ͷ, ֵ, ǵ˷纮, һֱôſǲС˵ïһµ³, ﴩɡ
СкȻǰ߿£ȴû˵ˣͰˡ˵Ȼַֻ̧޺޵ߵԱߵʯӡ
û˵ĻʮڱȥңҲǸ˶Ͷųȥɡ
ǹһֱֻͶҲ˵̸飬ԭͶмֻɣ˵λСʮǺģЩŴ󻧣˭׵ĺ룿Ҫ˵޵ĻһϣҲ֪϶вĵط
˲мŵŮˣͷʶ̣¸ûӸЩ˵ϾʹֲˣҪǲҸ̸ȥ˵
ï̬оЩô˵ģ
һʱͷԼܲȻʣּҳԷͷĽ͵Сľ˵ġ
Ҫ̸׻
һֱǺͺģžǺƢˣҲ¸ô˵ԭ򣬵û뵽ãһֱƿԡ
µǵͨ죬ԵúΣֵҪеһĻ飬Ҳڵⲽء
һֱ߰£ȴ޽չһ仰˵ĲС
µĸּǰϹܼң˾ö棬Ȼ̸ܸɣŵ֪֪׵ģй׾УϾֻּһѾ޳ȥˣҸֵˣǳ
СĶ죬˲Ҫϱ仰˵ĲУԹˡ
ϵҲǸʵϵģȻûб£֪ϸģҲû˵ˣҪҲҲ档
ïûҲ̫ˣҪܹھͺˣܹܿǱ
ïһ仰ȴһӾͳĬ
ï̲סԼ죬Ͼͻ˻˵ˣū޶ۣū˵˵ô죿ï֪¶·ģôͶȴ̸ӣȻҲԼĴ㡣
ȴЦûС
ï죬͵Ѿ׼ּҲǺˣ˵ʲôš
ǾôԴаɣï
棬캮ضģ˰˻ƾɵް٣ÿȴֵڼ֣ȡ
ʲô
ףҪǲ
ǱӣǱӼ·ֻҪһ˱ӣǺͼˣȻӶˣҲ⴩͹ȥˣľͻῪʼĳ⡣
ĳ⣿
ʵǮҪԡеɱǺֱ׵ʵ
˴Ӿֱζȥηֺ֮ȻĲˣµ£Ҳϴˣܿԭģ·ϻԵģǵռһЩ㣬һƿ
ηһЩͰʣµ͵˸ߣԵ㡣
ֺþûԹռˣȣֻռȥֺһžθůģ˶ǹѽֻȴǴŵǵɫ˵
ЩҲмѪǾ󾢶ʱ򣬸Ӷɿڡ
οָ˵İɣվʹȥ
ֺֻοԼܺҲǼΪѵãҲͲ⻰ˣʼе飬լסˣϾ͵˳ȥ»һլӣʮĶʡŵ㣬õˡ
ǽˣŮǹˣͱˣȥˣҪһЩҪŮԴǡ
ֺ֪ҪڰοԼ̲סЦҪǸ˵ĺܡ
˵ˣø׿Լеˮɫ˾ʹη֮ǰָһֱ˵ĲУִֻС㣬Ҫѽ
ïĲУ˵õطأ˭Ҫ
ȴʮֻ̲סЦ£ĳҲһЩصջ֮ƸҲڣſʲô飬Ҳû׷ʡ
ûǰæˣǿԺúõĳԸïѼӵǼΪѼ±ѼѼҸӳʡ
Ϊţ˵ζͦõģѼƤۣ࣬ñӰţһЩ˿𽴣ζΪζȳԵЩˣѼ˿Ũ׵֭ڣ˿ˬۣһֱûʲôθڵҲ̲סһЩ
㷹ţǻʳïīʼֻ֣ддžͣҲǶȷʵǲ̫׵ҪүһŲǡ
Դ֪Ժδӣľûƽʱ򻹺ãû飬رҹ˾ʱǻԺ
Ϊ֪Ǵν飬Ҳд£ô¶Ǹĸģֲһָָ㡣
дһЩԼճʲôʱ뿪ľǣַ˶ʱص˼УȴûаѼз˵ˡ
Ҳ٣Ҳһƽţ˼˳ȥԺյţЩ뷨Ÿһἰµ״ʱڿظǡ
Ϊдţ˯һȾȥǴӣǴ̿ȥ
ȥ˺üգÿζǴŶЩ˴һʼĵжԣ̬Ҳ
ܸǸͯ˵ϼ仰Ȼ̬ȻãҲʼдˣֹ˼գǺȳסˡ
㵽Ҫ
֪ʱڵˣÿһɥѣвУ
Ҫͯ϶һͻȻͳĬ̺˲ͬĺÿ˵ʱϸģĿҲǴűȴյ⻹Ҫ͸ů
û飬Ҳ˵Ļ˲ǻˣһһ˿ʼȥһˣǾԸȥĻˡ
ҲҪ˵ôӣֱǾǽһӶĴĿԸҩԣûˡ


73 
ɽϵķر, Ϸеʪʪʪģ굽Ĺ, ͯϴеĶ죬źǱ, ֻССȴ˼̬Ů˵ϻ, Զʧȥ˸׵ļ˵, ǺͯĽѾʼ
Щ˵ԭ֮󣬶, ǼոЩ񣬸׾;¡
ĸײϳڱҲϴµ£ȴιԭһаʱΪ, Ϊڱ, ҲʼЦˡ
ҹΪ̿ԭҲö
Ž¸ӶĬ̬Ҳûвƣǵ
ߺ󣬽һֱԭط, µĸױ߳, ʵ, ǸŮˣ
š
ҲͬġŮӷߺ޵˵, ڳʱʬǾûһģԭĿ
ȴͻȻҪһ𣿡
Ůסµôɰѽ
ŮӿŻŮָͷĸ¶һЦЦĶˡ
ĸ׿Ų˵֪ͬˡ
ѾüûúóԷˣڱرóԣҲĸɶܽ͵ڱһ̣ǰϲ̣һֻĸҲǼΨһֵǮĶˡ
ȻЩӸ
ڱ˱汣£ȵ¶ȣڶģ԰˺ðζûԹŮ˵ʮ̣ʶʿˮӰѱУҧһڣʱζ
ǣ
ַǰ߱
ŮҲ֪뵽ʲôͻȻͿʼᣬǰϲԣ⣬Բ𡭡
±ӣ͵͵Ĳ˲ᡣ
ʱ򣬼˽и˺˵ǳŮĶô𣿡
ҵֲּҺģµģº
²ּҹ͵ģ
ڴȥǣ
ȥȥ˭˭
***
ڶʱ򣬽µŽſڵ ˵ַˣ㡣
ߣи΢һӣʵéҲûʲô𣬿ҲͿһЩôƾɣµָָһӶ˵ַˣǾ
ԺһɵƤӣΪո϶ƤţȴǴһɽ˲ܺӵ׺
һ͵İˡ
߽˵ԭǰ˵
һһڱԭּҵĴС㡣
˲Ǳˣڲλˣٲµݲ򵥣ϾѪɫ
û뵽Ȼǰ˵ܱΪ˵ߵͷ죬ĸףֳܼ̣˵
˵ֱϵ
ڱ˵
ͷҪϲﻹСֿۺʣµİڱʵճ¯óԣ˾һЩζ
ÿӣǸˣȻźԭ޶һھʹǰе
û࣬ҲŻ˲٣һЩƵĵζ˵ڱմϳõġ
ïЩܾĿ⿴ƽһܷ̾ĴˣС߹ȥڱ˹ȥ
Ǻûïŵڱζ֮Ŀû뿪ڱõһںݺݵҧȥͣ¡ ֮һֱӹĹĵģûȥ
ʮűӣȻԹˡ
ӿʼĳԾĵǣïɽ髹һ³ôǻʳˣԵɽ髰ɣʳ
һˮֽӹɽ髣һȫ

㷹һȻ˵ˣ㸸׵ҿ԰㣬ұ֤һ׽
дϲһ
ֵһиҪ⳥Ӳøǡ
һ㶣ֵҪȥ˶Ҫ
ԭ׼ߵͰϾôҲûгɹһǮ޵׶ǺȴҪӪȥ
ǲ׬ǮҲҪô󹤡
˵ҹؿˡ
⸽һߵģȻռز٣ȴûвһ⸽ʵԭһҿģ˵ã˶ҹصζţûˡ
ųĬеûлǶ
֪Ƽ򵥵һ仰ȴǵܲп״ЩˣﲻͨϰֲһĿ󹤣ڳҵʵĻơ
ҪǷˣïĺ
һΪϴ˵һֱսսҲ͵λּ֪ܲҵѾǴǰˣ󡣡
ҳ֮һӡ
Ƭ֮ӭڣ˸˲ˮ¸ֺ꣬дȻʮֵĵӦ֡
󵱳ʱ˶ʮСĿۺȻҪעʣӦҪǧ١
Ļ˵ͷĨȥ
Ǿ˵
ﻭѺʹϰӡȻһ̯ûӣ͵Ƿġ
ϣ
ֱЦˣһԵϵ˼ŻּҳǮ
ҲûǮ
ɫƽĿ˼ְˣ󺵣ˮݲ㣬ţһ룬ʱֳΪԸ׼ȥɩӾɥǰ˻Ůٴںᡣ
Ϊٴˮݽһ룬̫࣬Ǹͺա
ڻǵ͹ȥһӵĹֻʣºˣֳѾ֪ο
ǲ̫ˡ
ַˣǸɹˣǸĵˡĿŲõ㣬ҿ϶ỹģǡ
һֱڹ۲ӿʼ죬ھע
ڵİˣͻȻ˵ˡ
***
̫Բ˯㼱϶ݣһʼʵȥʱֻʵ£ǵŹ˼գʵǰסȥʵ۵ʱֱӻˡ
ȥ֮ǰ̫Ҫúõѵʵһǵſ᷿ﰲĻʵۣ̬ģʮֵİͣѾһ㡣
𵱳ϺеĻľĲС


74 
ֻܰ, źĺХ̫⺮᷿ȴ̿趼ûС
̫ѵĻɤ˵, ֻūôźµģ̿趼ûе㣡
վһսս, һ仰˵
ʵ۵޽õ, ʦûе㣬û޾ܲ, ġֵĸҲ, ҲӦ֪Ҫĳϲǡ
̫һӾͱҭסʵ˵ֱ۾Ŀģ֮ǰֵĻľĲ, ֱ˵˵, ôŸĸȥ
ĸҪ޻ȥʲôֻҸľżﻹм´ޣλ֮ͷֲԺ󻹲ĸ˵㣿ʵ۲ʹ˵
̫Ļڻ˵ʲô
ʵתȥ, ̫, һŵ, , ޱ֮󣬿ĸһ߿ţ
̫¶Ծ̬Ӷ£סһվ漴Ͼͺʵۣ
һʱѹֵĳĬУ̫󼸴죬ȴûѾߣȴû취³ǷŵĪҪ˼룬ʱܼǵã
ʵ۴˿ԭ

̫ȻԸ˵ˣת˻⣬ʵ۵Ҳûвƣ̫ ˵ɣ˭ҵŮӣģϧҪΥĸԸֻҪףҲǡ
ʵ۵о͸ӰӣĲ𣬾;ʮᡭ  ֮ǰλʺȴǲͲʺλãעǸ֮ˣֻ٣޷𣬵ҲɡûУֻǾ̹
̫ڵĹȴ޹վƾɵİ棬һѳϵ£˵ԣ϶Ůӡ
ʵ̫żҲżһʼֻûʵ۸̫ϴһ㣬ֻҪ̫ͷͻȥ˭֪ʵȴ˿ģ̫Σȴһ仯ûС
ÿǰջҪȥɨãŵȻ궼ûˣʵҪĳˣⲻˣ
ȥûʵ˼ĹҲˣƫƫϼңһʱȥһּǻһۡ
ּǻһĺ𣬸ƹ񿴵һӾ˳ǰкүûˡǰԺǾԻģȥһųĿɣǷ˼Źתүȥأˡ
ַ˼Ÿү
ѽƹЦžͰŷȵС
Ⱦÿ˯ͷ˵žͳּǻֻĥŵݣҪѰļ鵹ҲûʲôʹûʲôҲˣҪǱأ
ּŮļأ
˼ȥȶðˣϾʵȻΪ˼٣ӡˣЩ»Ҫõģڹеֵϴΰ״˻ôûмʵˡ
Ⱦȥʵ۽Ҫסˡ
Ǿݣ˸طŷ⣬Ҳ֪ĵķż㣬˿ۼſһ
дĺܼ򵥣ֻȼʣһƽţһ֮ٿݣֻЩ˿̲סĥΪʲôں滰һתҪǿҪúТ˳ĸ֮ģ
ô˵׵ģȴŻ
ʵڳ飬ȽͷҲ̧ʵ£
ȵַ˼ż
ʵ۳Ķһ٣ȴǵûȥɡ
֪ǻʵۻĲ𣬵ʵﻹǣҵģȻΪʲôҪһֱ̫Ը
ַһŮӹ·ûֵܣҲ֪᲻Ǹûпɽģ֪ЩݣʱǧãǾʲô˵óȹ˵
ʵ۵޾㵹ǱŮ˻¡
ȵײ˵ˣĵİŷ᷿İϣ£ūȥ׼ȥ˵һ̾ˡ
ָֻƽʵҪרעĳд𾭣Щַҷɣû취оĿǻ̲סǰȥ
ȳ˷ţ͵͵ڴ鿴Ȼʵ۳ŷ𾭰ĿתǷţ̲ס̾Ӣѹ˹ء
ģȥʵ۶˷⼸ջʵ۳ԵֲãΪĺأԵĶ˰࣬ҲǸθڲãΪɫϿζԵĸˣݵĲС
ղȥּǻʱ򣬸ƹǰһЩը飬ʹǲõͣƹ˵õǲͣģһ͵ŷȥһȾͿԸʵ۲һˡ
ţϳּǻըͺһЩɣ˵Ըعȥˡ
˺һڵĻʵͻȻѱһվֺαˡ⻰ǳָһεЭ
ʵߵ˰ԣȻż㡣
ŷͿ壬ֱǰҪ˲٣ѾַܿƱʷۣȴְִȻͬԼڸա
ʵȻҲע⵽Ǿ仰ָĦ֪дõĻһʱĬĲἰе顣
ǲǺ˼ˣϾг׵˲٣ΪҪӼиĸ֮ף
ʵԭԹ̫飬һʱȻһֿͰ׵һȥ
ؼô飬Ҳ˵һ˵߾ߡ
ǿţЩŭıƽˣʼǲʲô
ֻ˵ǰ㣬һŮһ˻ȥ᲻Щ۵衣
ʵҪҪţ־Լ̫ӣػصⲽ
ȹĸպÿʵдţϵıҲ֮ǰĵĮȻǺƽȴ˱顣
ʵػصĸģдһòͶһ־⻹֮ǰǷдĺãȴż㶼ˣֶ
Ⱥʵ㣬ֻúһӾͱٵʱϲ˭ҵĹģ㷴ȥá
ڵʱ򣬻ʵдһţȵĳȥɡ
ȻĲУȴһ㶼ûбֳū˵Žӹŷֵ£Ͼ͹ˣַҪǰյţ϶ʮֻϲҪվĳȥ
νվǰ˰Ӽһż㵽Ҫ£ǻǿģվֻҪվ͹ˡ
ʵ˼һȴǿӲһţ·
ֲģôһζѡ
ʵû˵Ĭȴϻ۵ʵ˵Сľʹվĳȥˡ


75 
ϾҪ, ̶ţڵ̯̯Ҳ˼ңֵԵÿտ, Сȴǳ׵ķðŸĸ, Ҳѧˣҵ׺һЩĻһЩ, ߸˵ĴһȺСţ溢ǵЦ, 
Ѿʮˣ˸ϴ, ŵĸԲȥӵ
ԭֺӣҪȥ˵Ȼӽ, Ϊ֪ӡϢ, Ҳû˸£Ƿ˲ǰ˷˳
Ϊ䲻ӣָӵҲߣҲĵȵյԭ
ĸϵﻹûʰ, һ, סҲ̹
Ϊ, ֱֺ׽, ״ֲãĸϸû׼꣬ŮҲڣɷҲҪˣȻֵĸˣǰվͿʼȥǷѣ껭֣дɨ׼ķˣæĲֺ
ĸ׾׼ĸȴͻȻƸûϢ𣿲ǼھУһ
Ƹһֱûл˸һţ˵³żգҪһȥڻû
ƸϲûвϲģĸϲֺҲƸǸõġ
İɣȥջû
ֻǵûݣס𾪵ү£
ƿȥվһź۵Ĳۣ˿Ϳ˵ַ˵ģһҪתַˡ
Ҿǡ˵
̧ͷһ˫úá
ǲδҲ̫һЩæӹï˸һ·ˣӲ࣬ôһ⣬ȥЩƺȣⷦ
Ĭϵ飬ȴգˡ
̣ڳںһڲˮһԵï˵ˣ˭ĸģ漴룬ѵǸƹ񣿡
ïþܵǵҲ͸ƹүˡ
һʼҲôĵģǵſ˰ĶǺѰľϻӣľģֲֻڵһᣬͻȻͣ£˼ĵվŶϻӡ
ï󣬱ϾҲֻվţֻ˵ǰס죬ˡ
˺ϵ⣬óż㣬ֱּ һʱסԭԺĻš
ï͵ôһۣȵ˵үĻţ漴ֵѽˣŲżĳȥŶʮ죬лˣ
֮ǰïĳȥģȻǼǵʱ䣬һ㵽Ҫµʮʱ䣬лظˣ˵үǷҲġ
ûȥïĻȻͼ򶨣ŵָȴ΢΢һŸˣ֮þĶһ顣
ԺĻҲѰʺ򻰣ֻǵ̲סһ䣬ΪĽӣҲ֪ʲôʱܳԵ
ԺһӵĻְֽʱ⣬һתȴǸ
ص֮ۺĸŰݷùһΣ֮Ȼ˵۵Ļ£۵ĸǸˬӣֱ˵˵⺢ҿųģûдҶĳûʲôȻҪүǸˣ˶ѣȻѾˣûٻȥĵûлͷ
֪˼ۼȻӻˣû취ˣϾڣ޹ȥԺѱĸԴһĴ
ѾϷȥţֻûŮ
۵ĸϻǸҵˣ۵İҲûһ˿ʣǽĽּãһҲˡ
ԭЩԥԺϼҵĻ²ˣڳ׷ôˡ
Ҳ֪˶˼Ȼõǰ˰ӼȻ˵۾ȴǴǳǳĹµİ˶
ѹؿ춼û˵
ǵڶȥˣ·ģϵľҵ֮ǰĿջؼңջûʲôˣԵġ
ƹƸ飬֪ƸûҲ֮С
ϴֱ֮ȥ֪ָں˵룬ɫڵĺܣЦ˵ˡ
⼸ӣȻҲǿͿĵүøиôڵŮʮ꣬⻹ǵһοŮҰŸԩġ
ֺһʼҲΪ޹˭֪ȻͳˣĵĽȴǿ˵ǴϴϵԩѣŮ˼ȣ㲻ʲôڡ
Ҳ̫ǫˣŮɱȵʮˣ
ֺ˵̲סЦ۰Ů䣬ȻǸ˵ĵĲУȴǿ˼䡣
һ˳ֱȥ˿ջɫˣҪڿջסһҹڶ̻ȥСָһˮԢϴȥһĸѲꡣ
Ůò游ףɼֺҲòõģηģҲʰɾ˾ԳǸӡ
ִŸȥ˽꿾ѼָȴܵĸϵĸһֱϲҵĿѼһЩȥ
ЦȥûζˡЩϧֵԪڣʹΣ
ָЦǺ⣬Ҳþûˡ
ŮԺ÷ص˿ջָľ֪˵Ҫ̲סüǺôѽǶˣ
ҪһֱҲأһ꣬꣬ʮꣿһ޵׶ѽ
Ȼ뵽ˣ꣬Ҹ˵ˡ ʱҪ֮¾ͬˣϾ¹ظֻҪ̫ʱ䣬Լֻǲܵ޵׶úʱּۻ۵Ķ˶ʱ䡣
ˣ
ȴܰѵʲôֵŮ¥Ľպÿ԰ߵ֧ˡ
ƱҪЮʵԼòǿˣϾӾ˵ܰ˰˵æð˸мԼоǡ ׼Ȼ˵֮ڣ˵ڳ
һڵˣǿһҹҲմˡ
ֺҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
ҹȥ˯ţְԺ˳˵ƣҹﾲĸд˻ţڶվͽï˳ȥֻ̲סһμҪ˰ɣ


76 
, ָ˵˵ǹ̰Ϊʱ, ڼලҲѲ˸ϵ, ȥưɡ
Ȼͺ̸ˣ˽ﻹǸÿҷһ, ǲˡȱ𴦹󣬵ʮҲһĶ, Ķأڷܸ, һҲԺˡ
Ÿȥһ˰ߴ壬֮ǰÿȥʱ򶼻ᱻ˳ӣһȴǲͬЩ˼ʩе˻ǰл, ǴŮĻ, ף⡣
ŮǰΪƳŮƹҸͰŮȻǶˡ
Ȼͬ󣬵⻹Ϊ˾ȸףû뵽㰮޷֮ǰּҺǵ˾ǵĳˣּҾӪȥ, ˻, Ͳĸм
ʵͦϲԸ, ϲϲ, ᣬûκε٣˾ʹ졣
ָЩ죬˵ΪＸˣûܹӵ֪Ϊ飬չ۵ܹĿ࡭
ڼеʱָǺ»ˣˣ飬˭֪һתҲˣʼ֧Ӧͥչĸ
ָһЩʳͳͷȥǼ˼ҰݷãҲ̫󣬱ϾҪ·ųʱͿ˹
ǴǼɵƤӣƤļϥѥԵȸĳǸߴ֮ǰͷҲͷβȴȻһ˫żΣյĴ̵۾˵
˸Դк˵Щ׻ʵָ˵Ȼǲ֪ô˵Щ滰ָ˵һͻشһ䣬ԵЩΣָԭǰ˵Ӧǵһڽɣ
ǵһΡ
ָɦɦͷԭ˹ҪԽӣҪҲԡ
ԽҲ˵ĽӡԽǺӡ
ָ뻹ǣ˵ҪҼҹꣿ
ԭָǿ׻Ըһѱģϲȥ˼סˣ˭֪£Ͼ͵Ǿ߶ˡ

ȻǾʱһӰԽΪָڣָһҲñˡ
ٽأ·ϻûʲôˣҲʮֵ˳Ͼ͵լĸϿֺȻ̣ȴôֹסֱָ˵һ䣬ˡһ˵ĺϴ
Ҳ̲סᣬһ˱һһָ˵Ǻӣһ־һӦЦǡ
˹Ҫʲ˵ģǹسԵʳʮ߲˳ƶɵġ
ѾûԵʲˣ֮ͷ꣬ÿ궼ֻһ˳ԣɷϲʱ򣬽Ҳû£СʱĿ࣬ز˸ϲԼѼ⣬ٺͲˣְԼİĶİڳȴϿɵί
һĸŮѵһʲƶѿźƬ˵ȣÿһһԢ⣬ͱݾ۲Ƶȡ
Ͽֽвˣ裬һǳɣ̲סЦĳˡ
***
ܺģ̫Žһʯ·ϣ䣬ÿβȥŴ̹ǵ⣬ȴеΪŸУװŽ½֬Դó֮ÿҸᶼᷢһ
ֻһͷ°ִ֬ҪϽ͹ǡ
ȻôǰͻȻһϸˣתͷ̫һ̲סô
̫̫ŹȣϲĶɫֲϵӣ׵ͷģվţ̫Ӷǰ·ϣΪֺܷŹ㣿
Ҳû취ˡ
ԭԶϸͻȻʹܵǰ棬Ŀⰵɭɭ˵ϴβǸ˸⣿
̫󾪣У
ô㲻ǰԥ˭סʱƼң̫ӣ
һֱĺӿͷ̫̲סҪң
̫󺰣ͻȻ;˹ֽŵܹŸƣӳ̫󾪿ֵɫôˣ
̫󻷹ܣϤĻİֱ˲ͷϵĺӣ˸جζѣҵˮ
ϾйŮ²̫һڣſӭϣǲ԰׵ɫڻָ˼ʵʲôʱˣ
˵⻰⿴ùڷ̻̻ڿըʤգֵ˵뿴̻ȥЩ˸ǲǳˣūȥǲҪˡ
̫ȴȥôһ̫Ҳʮֵ۰ֵ⹬Ҳʵ̫ˡ
ֲ˵ʵۺͲֻ࣬һ һʵڰûлϵûжСûи飬ȱΪҪˣȻ塣
̫Ҳ֪ʲôԭ򣬳Ĭ£ʵǼ²ôˣ
³֮ȥıԺסǸֻסϵϡ
־˶ǣҪ͵˻ʵ۶ϲô³ϸǲܣһƵޣҪǳôᱻʵڼʳҲڵز
̫ȻҲôģǣ
ֵһ˼ңǸѰũСŮҲı־
ֶ̫һۣ˶ĬȻԼЩĵ̫󱻱ƵûˣҽأֻҪϲܵãֵҲ޷ȥɡ
̻ãֺ˼Ů̫һҶƣ̫Ҳͷˣ־͵Ъ˰ɣջҪȥ¡
ʵ⼸ճƵƵʱЩĲɣֺаѻʵۺ᷿Լ塣
ʵӮΣ־͵ӷ𣬱¸ǻȥˡ
ʵ۳ĬҲԶʱƽˣֵֺзĲ飬Եδѽ
ʵ۾˻ڻǾˣЩ߶ʦˡ
ȥ᷿ʰһȥԶɽҲǻȥˣϾҪ档
ȸ˵ĲУһ߸ߣط治˴ģ찤Ҳ˾ǳԲˣȻҲ͵͵ɽȥԣǱأԼ͵ڿɽعȥˡ
ů͵ĵиּѼ⣬ʱ;ͷţ⻹ַб£һžûʵ۸˼
뵽̲ס̾Ҳ֪ʲôʱ¿Щ
̫ԭΪ˰£ҪȰһ˭֪յ˰ɽͿʵɽžĽ˿Ƥ멣ҪһЩȴΪݣ˼¾еĴǵ֮¶ɡ
̫ͣ½ŲοĿŻʵۣ߹˵£ȥԺĸڱˡ
ĸ׵ˡʵ۵
̫ᣬȴס¶Цͺá
***
ٹ٣棬æµһ͵˳ʮʵۻ˳̫ȥ̫ǲûؼҵģΪʮĸļգ̫ÿ궼ȥȥøϷ㣬һ
ʵСʱʱ˾ʰһԺʵסûж
ǿŻʵ۳ģʵ۸ĸҲʮ׺񣬵һ˼˻ʵȴûʵƺЩͬˣĽʢڸǰҲЩִ١
ʵվ⣬̫󣬼һģʵĸ£
Ÿǰ£˵С顣
ʵȻ֪Ƹӻ飬ʵһҲǲܣǲ̫ˣʵﶼƸģŶӻˣɼɽˮĵزʵǲƼˣ˾Ȼˡ
°ǻջء
ͬˣֻּ̫ܲµģҪ̫˵ǣȻ˲ȥϾƸӻ飬̫ĺ⡣
ĸİɣ޻ĸ˵ġֵôã궼һһҹϡ
ɲǡ⻰˵Ŀȥˣﻹ۵ģ£һҪúüνС
ʲô
ԭŹ˵ӷҫкƸһͬȥ׽ƭӣȴҳֵ˵ļϸ
ֵߵĸԭһֱԭģΪ޵С
飿
˵¶ɵɫСһ¡˵ȥ
ʵһʼ棬ͻȻʵĸ˵ǽꣿ
ѽǿֵһ̼֡
ȥʱʵԵĲɣȺһʵַǱǲǳʲô£
ȵ£ַ˵Ļš


77 
Ƹʱ˶һȦ, Ϊĺ磬ϻƤ㲲
οǰ˴æˣ̲סм˵
Ƹͦ, Ц¶һ׵, ƯĲУЦݲõľµĽ, ůȵսĵȥ
Ҳ̲סЦ
ĸ, ҲվҪȥ÷ǡ
Ƹʲô, Ƹԥ˵ԽӡȻСĿƯʪģżΪ޹С, Ҫڶ͸ˡ
СĸĶ, Ȳ˵Уȥϴɡʲôһ㣬öطҪɣֻһʱҲסίλסһԺ
ƸǲںЩ, ڰ˵, ⲻ, ǽˡ
Ƹ, ĸֻͨ޲ϾͶ˽ιȥǰȥ˵žȹˡ
ĸǸĸŮ죬ͨȻгӣϲԼ³ϲɷԼĶ
Ƹû뵽Ǹ¾Ȼֵҵļϸ׽׻ȴǣһʱȥ˲˾
˾ĸ˺ǳԾȥŷϸһֱڰ׷ˣ֮ǰɱ˾һͼתҪֵõ֣ٲҪսˡ
ĿƸһ뵽ƸүݣûҪһ㹦͹ȥֺϷҪ˵ƸȻҪƾ٣ҪϱУ¼νһ
ƸȵĲУһ飬ʱò˾֪ͨеĸףĸ׸Ÿˡ
һžһƸȥסԺ֪Ƹ˲ٿ࣬үмĻҾͲ˵ˣԺ󵫷үʲôҰæֻܶ˵
Ƹ⻰һӾ¶ԥɫһֱ˵ԼݣûлᣬΣһεķϣܻԭɣ
ƸһлҪ˵ģүʲô£ֻ˵ǡ
Ƹ¿ˮŵսȭͷ˵˲ҪҵʱҲ㲻ϲʵǡ
ƸҪ˵ʱïܹС㣬ȥɣүˤһӡ
󾪣Ƹүȥҵ
ƸεվԭأԶֻվԭһϺҲȥơ
ү¥ݲȿһţˤһӣȻˤˣ˹ǣ˸ҩǧ򽻴˽һ죬ɲҪҶˡ
ôַ͡˺ۣһת
еү֮ǰ̫ʪּϳԵĲã̫ˣಹһˡ
ĸȦǷٳȻǺܵǣָģʲôû£в˵ˣһͺˡ
ĸ˵ĵ˳
ƸԸԳĳԵڶĽӣڼװŽӵУ׼ҵģžĸĽÿ
ĸԭΪָ鷢⻰ʱЦҲðĽӱҰĺóԣǾͶĳ԰ɡ
ƸϾ͵ĸóԵģҲԣһһӽӵľô
ĸĸˣǻ˵
һֱּңƽʱǷͱȻûҲǲ졣
߽ǡƸĻⲻǾֻʳѡ
˼ֱֲ֧ģƸܵ㻹ǵ𣿡
ƸǳԾڲݿǸˣԭǰ˵ƸֻͣҪǶĻô⣬⻰ԾЦԲûԺǸȤĽķɫ Ҿôɹڡ
⻰ҪǱ˵ΪǷ̣ˣһ԰ԼģµһĿʣһǵֱʣ˶ûĵط룬Ǿþϵ˼
ôһѵô˻
ڿ𽵹ĿƸǣ˸еķɫѵúĵĸƸ飬ԭĹղУҪɹڣȥ֤һķɫ
У컹𣿴һɡ

˵Ƹȥˣʹޱ˵ˣȴպ෴˵ţϵҰԣ糤ȣһŨصƸĽġ
㵹˳ۣͺҺɡ
ϣ磬ˣԪʮġ
ʱסŵ˼Ԫġ
ջʮȳ˶ʱĬ
ԺҪƸСˣҪ磬ҲǺƸ ֿƸɫ׾һģּپƯҲʮģʵǿ
ߵ䣬ҲһЩ
Ƹ˵ԺֵˣҺֵܣֵܣĸһ㣬ҰУ
Ǿ͡ ֵܣ
ֵܣ
˶ƺ⣬˺ܲ׽ĺƸһʣҲʮѵãƸӵԵһܺþǡ
Ƹӱ˵ǳ̣ǳһ̾ǲˣȴܳԡ ʣµĶԹˡ
ӵһγԵӿʼͰԭʳϧƤ䷹
Ƥû񵽸ǽһЩȻԭʳʵǺóԣϴڳԵʲôǿˡ
ԭʳɶأ㻹ûԹɣ
ʲôǻʵ
ǡ ˵壬ðǳԻɡ

ƸǱȺŵˣ˻ԣʹźȥݵʳΪڹ꣬¥ûӪʹȥС̯ģ˵ദʮǢվʮ
ԭҪ֮꣬ϾƸǿˣǿƸͺ飬浽ܿģҲȥˣҪ̫æˡ
׻֮ͿԶˣˣֻиʹ֮󣬾һʱʵȥ¾ͰӻˣջһѽҲһϾծһᡣ
ָεټļҵȴҵʵûڡ
ȴǻŮŲң
ָŮģŲ˵ˣֻǱĸ˵ǵСʱôģҶұ˭֪һת۾ͳˣҪˡ
ĸϵԼŮ̸ʲộǸءүͲˣŮϢѽȥʱǧģֻԼӲûֵܸǴӷҳ²˳תҪΪ鱼
˵ֻѽⱲͰˡ
ָ˵⻰ס˺ϵļ˴С÷Ĭʮ㣬ܶʱһ͹ˡ
æԪԭָ׼ŮȥȥѼӣȴȣȥˣЩźźϵ˵ҪȥѼӣһһ꣬òŮһΣȴΪȥˡ
֪ⲻѼӣǸ׶ĸ׵һΡ
ԭ׼ŸĸȥסǸȣֻˣ֮ǰĸТ
ڶȥֻѼӣˮȥëʰɾȥͷβһ֮ԼƵһϣڶѼӾ͸͸ģѼһι˵¯ӿ
֮׼ʼԲϾԪҪԲģ׼ϣ֥ڶģڶģĸװԵĹʲڶиװԵԲ
æʱãóȥȥҲ
Ѽӳ¯ΪֻǺȴǲƤִۣ࣬һеĹ㣬ָһ̲סʵ⵹ǱȽһһҪóԣʵʲô㣿
Ц˵Ҽι
ֲãӣζһӾЩֱͬ
һߺٴеĿǰֵԲ໨ɵĴƮԲְֵԲɰˡ
ʲô
ԲŴ׷ۣϡƸںǰʾôԲҪʢһҧһڡ
ѧƸҧһԲŴƤŴǿĺֱ֥ζĲС
ϲ
ǾͶԵ㡣һԸײˣ⻰Ц˵
Ԫ׼ˣծѾ壬ȻЩ棬֮ǰĲҵûˣǺôլסˣĸסһӣԺҪᵽǺһҲǲԸ⶯ӵģǵĸ
ĸ᲻Ů˺üΣȺˣǾϾȥ㣬Ժһ˾Ͷһ𡣡
ָһĬĬĿ˵һ䣬·ҪСġ
***
ʵڹйԪ̫ȥ԰￴ƣҲһǰ̫ģԴӻʵȥһ˰֮󣬾ͰжˣԼ»ʵۿЩҵ˼ڻȻڱˡ
Ԫһڹȴ棬λСȻˣȴ棬̫һû
ϾͲ²ʵ۵Ļбˡ
ʵ۶ЩȫȻ⣬ŷĶ˺ü飬ҲǺϴһ㣬룬κεĲͬΨһ仰ȴ˵˷صӡ
ӵĽӽʵԽЩססˡ
ԪڣԱǵļҲˣ֮ǳĸʱҲǻʵæʱȻƽտ԰Ƹڸ󣬵ǿʱȴҪڸһһ
ʵæתÿ˯ĶԵúƣ
ֹ˼գһ죬ʵԵЩĲɣʱʱ棬һһĥͻȻ׹ˡ
ŴԨŻʵ˵£⼸ʳūһԿίʵЩǣΪҪӲǡ漴ֵžͳԸΣ
ʵĿȣһ֮ȺǶæµֻԼˣ
ū澶졣ȸæ
ʵ۾͵Ҳû˵ͻ޵̲סţҪǲ⣬ôƵ񣿵лҲ
ô죿
ȵͦϲģôżȻΪΪ˻ʵۣϾֻлʵ̹ˣҲ̹ʵҪǲˣ⵱Ҳܡ
ߵʱ಻˳ǻʱͺ˳ʯϲˣҪһ·ϳ˲ٶ´η˻ҪʦֻܺСģǼǮ
Цï͸һЩ⡣
ص˾ΥıԺһϴԡȻʰһŸĸҪס׼סԺ
䣬Ȼܿȴܰոĸϲڡ
һ׵Ѿˣ˴ڴϣϵİƷҲ˯š
ͬڹʵڴϣһյƣ˼ȴǲ֪ƮδȥˣһһȲ衣
ɴ˵ƣʼ֡
һ̾ҲҶ˵±ʵѵһ٣ţֱãʵˣ˻ȥ


78 
̫۹ڵϵŮ, ˵̧ͷ
Ů̧ͷ̫󿴵һŰ׾, òҲƵϱ־ֻǺ, ײ࣬ϾҪѡʺ, һѣֻҪܵûʵϲ, Ҳ̡
ʲôˣ
ŮɪӣȻǱŵ, һԵֵﻰ
̫ŮԴݣʮˡ
̫ü, ֿɲ̫ĸ, 漴뵽ҪǸʵֲϵøΣֻõĵȥúϴһ
Դݴڳһ̫ϣȻ̵ֽܽ, ǸղҲŵĲ
߰ɡ
Դ̲סʵ, ȥѽ
ϴһ, ҪȥźˡְԴݴ, Ҳǽ˽̵ֽȻո빬Ǹģվ֪ôվˡ
ŴȥйŮĸԡױֻһѣȥмɫɲˣͷ;ΨΨŵŵĽ˲ϲ
ţҪǱϲˣҲ֪ʲôҲģ˵ͷ͵Ǳȥ
Ƴϣʵ۸մԨ̴ľ⻨ϺȲ裬촽ĽģԵĲɣվԶԶģջʵƢܲã޲ӰԼǹŮҲŵġ
Դʱģſڣȣ̫ķԸ̫ԸСŮ
ΪԾΪԴһͲǹˣȻڳ˵սսģĿǲֱ㣬ƺֻҪһ˵ܰһ㡣
Եȡ
һԸŹĹŮļԴݻû˵֣һԲһ䣬ܹܣǹԴݣסɽϡ
˲ûЦˣֿǡ  ʵЩ̫뷨Ҫȥͨµġ
ʵ۸Ͳ˰ֵʲôԴݣĸ󵽵ôˣ漴סԶһͣͻȻ͸⣬ơ
ԴݾִվſڣǹŮչˣ뿿ڹλһʼ˵ҪźһũŮҲΪʣ˵̫ģ̫ùȻǴŮʲô֮ҲͿʼʮֵġ
ǵ˹ؼʱĺЩţȽȥ춼ûж³ѵˣ
ʱиС̫ܳλԹ½ȥء
ǹŮ̲סһϵĸ˶βסƷ㶵ԴݵԹȥѽ
⡭ ˡ
ԴݱŮĲţקһãʵס޵ȻҪһĵطҲܸߣŵʵĽשӳ½Ӳӵģ˲ֱӣİ裬磬ҲźԴǰûϡ
ʵ۴һ޺ϺȲ裬΢΢ʹͷ¶ʵĲⲻǹŮ̫ڣԵôϡ
ԴݴҲҴսսѧŽֵĽ̷ʵ
ʵۼŮɫѰϻһСЩ̫̫˼һŮӹѽ
ɡȴԴΪ̫ţӵʱ򣬲ȿһţһȣֱֱĳӹȥһƨڵϡ
Թ
ŮɫˣæǰԴݣ£Թ빬أˡ
ԴݾŹһãȻǱ鼸Ҫˡ
ʵ۵Ҳǿ֮ˣֻǶŴԴݶļŻǣгһ룬ִֽĳڻʵΪʲô֪ΪĲʵֱӵ˳
ʲô
ֱɵˡ
Դݼ¶ˣʵ̲סˣҵһγԵôóԵǣܵһֱԣȥǣ͵ģҴԼķʡġ
ĺ޲öԴݵ죬Ҳ֪ˣȻĹڵϣֻʵ۲ҪǨŭϾǡ
û룬ʵȴ̲סЦ˳ԴݼϵİĵĻֲʲôöȻϲ޾ʹЩˡе飬סɽпǻʲôˣ
Դݼʵݣһʱסּ𣬳Ļشر£ҼԻסɽϣ滹ܵܣһá
ʵ˵ͷɡ
ԴԭܽţʵֻƹˤˣٻҲȥˣϣ£á
ʵ۾Դ⻰˵Ŀ湻ֱ׵ģ͹˶ͬǺȤںԴ˼䣬ʵ󲿷ֶԴ˵һſˣͺǽ̸һʵмֻµ֪ˡ
Ϊ֣ŻʵѵͻȻԴݸȤˣǼĿ⵭ģûκεĲ֪ʵʵûж˼漴뵽Դݵסˣһʱв֪ʲôζǾʵί
̫֮ԴȥͶʵ۶һ㣬ẰԴһļ䣬ȻһֱûгҵģҲ̫⡣
ֵ̫̲סġĿʼڴĵ
***
֮æµ˼죬ϾȥãƹˣүȥԸ㣬ǽŲմصģÿնæ
һѾ·ˣ･ů⣬Ҫˡ
Ƹȥ֮󱻸׷ùһޣڶͱ˳µҲ˳˵ˣϼŮҲӻˣ飬һļϣ˭׷ˣֻûз£˵ϼҷ˻˵ԺֻûŮ
Ҳ֪֪󣬻ôӦ
ƸְҲˣɱ˾ְҲȥӪǻصˡ
Ǩʥּʱ˼ļҪᣬСһֱͷ˭֪һӻ飬ײͰ³ҲǲеĴˣ˵Ľʥּ׼Ҫһϯ
ЦãƸҲһƷĹְȣȫûǵסŸˣҪҫԼڳɲ˵˼
Ҳĸ׵ˣЩ飬˼沣Ҳĵİ
ƸԼҲǸˣٲҪ빬ȥлȥ̫󴦣̫Ƹӻͺɸֵģ
ƸƢãЦĴչȥĸ
̫һƣȻǵˣһʱסôŪģ漴˹ǲ׽Ǽϸʱ˵ˣ
ʵǺСһ̣ƸƤϸŮӣ⵶̾ԵôĿˣ̫۵ܺЩȣǽţϣȥҽ
Ƹĸòãˣ
̫ȴʮּ֣ǺҽƸѩˡ
̫˰̵ҲԺɲҪôˡ
ƸɵĵͷЦŵĸҺá˵˵Ļǰ̫Цġ
̲סҲЦ̫Ѿûôˡ
Ƹ̫žȥ˰ݼʵۣϾǻʵּ⣬Ҫлʵ۽ѵûص磬Ϣ
ʵ£ҪҪԹƣ
ʵ۵ҲûгԴݣԴӺܵЩܹѵĹ˲ͬʲô˵żҲȤ
ֻǽʵȻû飬ڰ֣˵Ƹǲǽˣ
˵ŻԶƸ¡
ҪڵٲҪͨһƸݲͬʱЩ̫Ҳ̫
Ƹ¸߰ܽʵţɫȴЩã̲סһ£ǲﲻ
ʵ۵һۣˣŻŵģûиصʱ򡣡
Ƹίվֱȴⲻǵ˵¸һŮߣƸȻ¶ҲиоģԻʵǸǣ;ܵĲУʵ»Ͳȥ˰ɣһ˵죬˵ʱҪһ
ʵ۴ŭֻ˵ʲô˵žԵͷ˹ȥպƸϣϾͷҲۣƸҲ֪˵ʲôֻվŲ˵ˡ
ʵ۷ƢȥƸЩɡ
ƸʱüЦģ߸˵߹ȥãʵ׽ǼϸĹƸҲһһʮ˵ˡ
Ƹ˵˺üˣ·ģ˵Ϳʵ۳ΪʵǵԼһ㵶ˣҰĲ

ҪƽʱƸһˣһȴҪ֣Ҳ˵Ǿһβ֣Ժܻڣǲĸôеġ
ʵۿƸּס˶ãû̫ͷˣһȻ͵ˡ
ƸЩµ¿ˮȴǵģĸϲˣԺпչȥסأŲҷ
ʵһӵܣѶϣе˵Ӿӣȫ޳ģ㻹˻ϲҲı£Ÿĸ͵һźƤҶѡ
Ƹǵһαôأʵ۵Ļ䶼ǴӵĻίĺ۾ǡ ǼҺͰҪá
û뵽ûƢƸҲʱŵĸæǰϣү˵ʲôѽ϶ȶˣӲˡ˵ϾҪȥƸƸȴǻһ㣬ǿ˵㶼ˣŰʲô
ʵɫ࣬⵨ӿԽԽˡ
ҡ
ƸʵĲᣬĿǿ˷ĵУƸܹһӾͱŵˣʵ۵㵱޲ᴦ㲻ǣ
ȸͲܣһõӣҪźĺãҪʱѣʵмɱ⣬ƸǻʵףҪֳǿɾûлͷ·ˡ£ү鴿Щ¶һס
Ƹߺ󣬻ʵһ˰죬һͻȻˤһƣʵ۾ȻϲǸǰҤˣһʱľĲС
ֹƬ̣ʵ۵ȣ
߹ȥʵ۵ޱֵȥǸʲôԴݣϾͳȥҲ
⼸æĽŲմصģȻ˳Ľ˼е飬ҲֿտյĲ˵ծʮӡ
׼ڳڿڶһ꣬ҲҪӣһʱüչïô˻ˣˣǹӾͲӣҪ棬ϴĿѼͲڳٳһ¯ר˿ѼóԣҲԴߣǶһӪ
á
ïŰѹذȥˣһЩӣȥڶңΣ
ͷֻǶǿѼ⣬ҲǸѧǻ򻹲Щ˵⾩ԻģҪĳʻҪһЩģ롣
ĳû˵ū澳ĿѼ벻꿾Ѽ
죬ǲĨۣὲ̲סЦ˵
ū˵ĿɶʵˣɫˣЪ˰ɡïϵĺȦ۵˵
⼸շĺܣ׼ԡɡ˵Żֽʵûл𣿡
ˣԺȴʯһ㣬ѶֱֲƸֻٴЩʧ䡣
ҡͷȴҲ˵ʲôοĻ
ʵܲµԼ㲻ԺЩˣǫһЩʹʱǵˣСĺһ壬ܿͻǸʮˡ
ҪǾҲҲǾԺ㶨׵飬ܿʶ֮ŵ⡣
ǼʹεĭҲûԺġǸõġ
гģȥһԵ᷿׼»ȥԡͻȻ˺ˣүˡ
⻰һ飬еŵĶӵʯϷ
ʵۼ֮ǰһΪʲô𣬻Ϊʲôæдȴֲֻ鷳ǲǾƸǸɵӱ˻ϲ
Ȼǣûģ
еʺŭڼһ̶ɢӰſڣѩЦ绨ĿеĻϲƲס˳


79 
Ժ, ݣտͿ͸չһ, 촽ϣ, еζ߳ϲð֬, ˶ĥʱĶζ
ôһ, ԺĲĺ˽
ӹïĲˮ, үȲ衣
ſˮʵ۵һ֣ȵģɼҲ, Ϊʲô飿к, ˵߾ߡ
˸㣬ʰ׵ˣïǾϾȥֻʣԺ㣬һյڰϵĵƣɢٺɫĹâ
ŲŲԺӰһ, ͺȻİͷѹļ, Ժо, ķ޲Ĳ, ֻһʱӽֻǺܿͷΪ̫߶ȥ ĵֿʱԺʶİѼѹѹ
ڰֻм˻겻ŮӣֱȫȻεĸоԺ˵
һΪʲôţ
ԺΪβ𣿡
ԭΪܴһֻ˵ȴֻǱƽʱһЩѣôģû취
ԭͲ˵ƣȴĪľЩѹֻһΪԺ㶩ѹ
ﲻǸ㰲˻£
ԺһϾ뵽䣬ֻתһ룬ֲ֪ݣõү
˵ûүΪʱȥ棬ƣö֮Ҳһүֻλүѡ
ģ
˭˵ģ
***
Ƹӻʹһ·Ʋֵģ˵⻹͵һμʵҲŵĲͣǻʵЩͺһѵһרŴѴ۵Ѫܣȴ޴ӷ
˵һǴ ֻ뷴ȴַ޻˵ҪǳڣΪʲô˵ٻʵݡ
ͻȻ䣬Ƹסˣھȥе࣬ʵݣԼǷ޷˵Ļϲ
ǵģƸԼƺѾˣϲʼ ͺ񳶵۾ĲĿס
ȥɽ
ǳ˵үڲǻظ𣿶ɫҲˣҲɽǣ
Ƹѵ÷Ƣ˵죡
ǳһҲ֪ƸˣдʣϾ͵үĪҪƢС̡
ͳɽȥ
ȻתʱʮİǵʱһһζȥƸֿʼһô죿
ֻеʣڿſڻʵ֮һӾͱһɶֻʣ·ŭôѵϳˣ
ƸҪȥȴͻȻЦһתͷͿû䡣
ȻǸմһ糾͵ģƸת΢΢ͷǴк׼ߡ
Ƹ뵽ղǸЦһЦʲô
ЩչúܲãԴû̫ĳ谮ʹ䣬ԭȵЩҲǵģջ֮ǰдӡ
ӦûȥģϾѾʧ̫Ļģʵǲģֻ̫Լˣȴȫ飬ôҲȵ׷ĿôܺЩ¼Ůһȥźʵԡ
ҲԼľʵиҲĺסϾҪͻʵ޵ģֻǻʵ۲ϲſĲܣȻûʵʶǿεˣǿеĻʺѡ
ûʵӣǾһˣΪһվڻʵ۵Ķ棬ԼҲһһӾûзĻˡ
ЩΪƵƵʾãҵ˷
ǰƸҲǸѡ
̫ϲֶӣСĶӣȻĲϲΪʲôݵڣҪ֪ƸоҪǷڱңˡ
Ǹոմģż˾ͻẰȥͣʱҲණ
Ҳ֪ƸˣҲʱ򣬾ȻǨˣҲһǴ
ڽȥҪ˵ʲôѵҪ۲ɣ
Ƹǳ⻰ʱͷ֪ʲô
ǲ֪շʲôԵúܴݣһԵǽϣȴʮֳסܲ³ַ˻ˣȻҲˣã⣬ܽȥʲôɷ羰
Ƹ˲ٴ⻰ѹյһݣ̲סʹĽһƾʲôֻ˵ңôϲҲס󹬣ǳ˵Σ
Ƹ˵صһ仰˵ˡ
ȴûлȥ¶ҵЦޱȣˡ
Ƹһ㶣ʵǲʲôùĸˣ
ҪǱˣȻῪ˵Լ飬ϾζǼùⲻ˵̫ҲҪؿƿǰƸƸƫ
̫ҸĨֻǵʱĨطǱԡĵط
ƸԾ䣬ȻЩţҵЦô˵ѣ
⡭
ҺôҲǹ֮Ůȵ׷Ŀ
ƸʵҲ֪̫󲢲򵥣ǰͰףȫֶΣôӮ˳ں󹬵
Ҹ߰䣬ôֺ׾ʹѣֻ֣˵˵ʵ
һӵΣ˶û˵ƸˣҲһҲ÷ѿˣƸҲǵ룬˵Ҫַ̹Լݰɣڽȥ˵ֻñ߳ŭַΣϾǷޡ
ʵƵҲ֪Ѿʮˡ
ƸȻĿһԵǽϣģĻˣΪʲôôܣ
˵ǰ㣬ãмκʲôأ
Ƹһֱ䲻˳ۣߣҲ飬ǵ׿˵ܾ̫󣬾;Ҳȫûԭ
ֵܵλջ󣬴ĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳǽġ
˶ˣƸͻȻ;ãԼƺֻб˴⣬ҲģҪ
ƸһϲһˣþͲӦôһʵ۵ݡ л빬ԣĵĵȣ⡣
ΪԾȴģƸҲãʵҲã۾ƺֻǸɷõƾʲôȣȥǵһҲá
Ҫʲô
жӦȡʣҪɼǣ


80 
ڰ, ͻȻԥү, ˲ݣȻҲݡ
ԺΨһ߲, ΪʲôҪ̵
¶ԥɫԺӷٵת, ˣΨһĻ¾Ƹ, 󻹲֮ʱ, ּʱպöһʱڡ
ѵɺϣ
ȻǣȻ顣
뻹ǰѻȥԺһ죬Լ׼͡
, ȻڵŶԷȿ, ֻǿ˴˵ݣһʱЩŲۣЩ۵ĵү࣬ǲûкúš
ԺȥղԶԶĿ, ȴܸо˲, ԭЩԲ°, ϵҲ, ȻҲ֪飬һ뵽Щ־
Ŀһ𣬾ôҲû취ֿˣضزסͺֻһ㣬ԭһ͵͵ȥţ㣬̲סţ֮ǰôƢʲôֻҪһ˾ͺǱ˻꣬ʲôˡ
ĵŲŲӣܿ棬Ϳˡ
Ҳ֪˭ȹȥҲԺ㱧סҲ鲻ԽȥסԺ㣬һʰͬɲһȼ
ϸϸѾǼûмˣԺûڹԵŮӣȻǾʮ㣬˺ҹͣ
ƣģԺıԺ׼˯ȥˣƺȵѹĺܵͣȴ˼ʶһӾ۾ү棿˭ү
ԺȻ㶼ˣҾֱ˵ˣƸʵү
ֱţ̧ͷԺ㣬ĿᶨȫϷ̬֪֮ģĽ³
ԺҲ֪֮ǰãԾ˻ѡ
ĬƸΪүĻԭ˵ǻʱôߣʵΪԼ⣬Ƹ֮ǰķӦƺһжӭжˡ
һζ׵Ƹ
ֱЦã˵һ·ӻ飬ǰ֣Щĵ
Ժ˼ãܲסϾƸĹϵʮҪãõ⡣
˭֪ȴܿĽ£ôˣʲô䣬
ԺɫͲÿˣ˵
֪ƸΪͻʵ۴һܣԺƸѣ˵ûƣЩ±Ȼģ
Ϊʲôң
Ҳ𣿡סԺĸ첲ղ˲ģ˵ΪүΪ㶨¡
Ժһ㶣ղŰǰ룬Ҳ벻ȻŲ³˰˾ŷ֣ԭŵȷϣȴᵽˡ
ȥүн
ʱ;ЪһҲ˹Լ£ȥԺ㴩Ũ֮ʱȻżĦȴʲô£ٲöĥһ㣬ŴڳѾһʱ֮ˡ
Ƹ涳ĹǺڴһ£Ҳֵ˲ٷ纮ڣȲ裬ϵĶʮֵˡ
ɫԭͰ𪣬ⶳ죬Ĩ֬һģŵǱƽջҪƯ
Ժ㲢һһӢͦһԣʮֵĵǶԣ֮ضزסŨǲ˵ˣͺͲ岻ȥһ㡣
ƸôۼˣҲԺ˵ȥһ㣬˵һֱ̹ףʵҾү
ղѾ֪ˣҲû𾪣ƽ˵Ҹ֪ˣҲԩģ洫ǰ㣬Ǹû׵Ļӡ
ƸݵĿ⣬һʱ˵ʲôӿһֱԩĸ׹Ҳȴİõʮֵݸһֱ¶ģ˽ղǿ壬ȴûиΪʲôһ̣Լˡ
ͰݣʮֵĻϲԼΣǽ˸мνʿΪ֪ɡ
Ժĺòȣɫ࣬һʾһס֣һ˵㻹ʲô
ƸĿͣԺסϣζԺĻһʲôѽ
ԺȴΪʲôΪү
Ƹŵʿˮ¶ɫǲֱԺ㣬ŵ棬Ҫһǡ
Ժ˵˰ɣƭ˵үǣ
ƸǳԾ¶εɫ࣬磬㶼֪
ȻǣԺһԭ֮ᶼƸ˵ѵ£ץϵĲ豭Ҫȥȴסүʹã˵ġ
Ժ㵽ڻҪмߵǷǣֺλֿôã
һ뵽˼£ȴһᣬһƸµģ
ҵģ
ƸԺɫ࣬һʱסŵĻ궼ûˣϾ˵ߣүĿǲᡣ
Ƹ˹ֲɵģ֪ת棬Ȼڹͱˣһ߻˵ң
ʵҲ̲סֱ˲豭ǽˡ
һӾͽ⿪ˣ鵹Ҳ˵ˡ
ԺһͬãЯߵûзſ˴ϣԺ㿴Լĸ첲ĿΪæµԵݵݣΪԣµĺȦҲʮֵԣǲǺģԹңίˡ
ʱ֪үףʱǸ飬˵ѹܣȴ±Ǹĸ֮ý֮ԣҵŮģֻӸĸĻҲûԹүЩܡ
ԺһӾͱĺ󱳣˵ĪҪ£ҴΣѵ֪
Ȼ֪үǼõġ
Ժչü˵ֻҪҾǡ
ĿԺĻֻͺһ㣬̵ģֻ뵽ݣҲ֪ⲻ͵ʱ⣬һΣôŤùȥ
һ̣֪Ժĳ⣬;Ѿˡ
סˣ̧ͷסԺ㣬Ժ̣һʱĲУĻӦ˹ȥһʱڴޡ
ƸסһҹڶˣԼҪһҵȻҲû֮ģԺɫֱ࣬λεˣں֪ƸȻֱȥС


81 
Ϊ̫ƣ, ʱѾˣǱѵģһͿ, ĶůԵλȷǿŵġ
Ժܶ, ˺ۼ Ҫۼ㶼һξˡ
ڵ, ïͽ˵, ҪҪԡⷦ
ͷԺ, үأ
ү˵æʵûգһˡï˵ʧִչĶС˵, ү˵Ͼͻ
ʧЦ, ï̫СѾͷôСʲôҶҪˡ
ïͺٺЦⲻ·˲ˡ
裬;, ïźŴ, ͷ, ųŪҲѾʱ֮, Ƕǰ󱳣ִӳ˷Ѽ˿һкõѼ⣬Ѽÿ춼ҪʮֻһԿڸУ̫ȻǳԲ꣬ʣ¾Ѽȡ
ΪǿģֻҪˮ죬ͻð˵ɫ֭ζڣʮֵĺúȣһһ롣
˷ѾˣïˣվͲȥ¥˰ɣ
۵ûţʵǲȥˣԺ㾫ʢڵĹǺһ뵽үӵȥɣȻʦǲˡ
ïϸ׼˺ĵӣͷֱ棬һ˯˹ȥ˯Ѿ͵ּǻˡ
ּǻ⻹һĻ𱬣ƹһȦˣ˺ķ죬һ꣬Եĺ˯㣬ҲʮֺһֱЦݡ
Цǰ˵ңĿЩүӻڵء
һչѧҲˣһ͵ˣѧͻүӳţǹһʵ飬ϻȥԺȥҪˣһͿֱӳˡ
пãǱˡ
ƹ˵лߣ˵⼸վӪʲôʱڳϿꣿѾкüˣ˵ÿζʵЩԶ
뿪ȴû׼Ѽһ˵ٹһЩӡ
ƹԼ֪г£ȥ׬Ӷ˽ȥծҲǲˣͷǻӦˡ
ܿ͵˺Ժǡøϲ̲θүʮҪõĹϵȻ̲ҲүӰʦ
̲֮ԵúܲˣڷƢ͵ַˣãү⼸ֿʼȾˡ
ǺүԼˣԺ󲻺ȵģ֮ˣһôͻȻѵ飿ü룬ʵʦǲʲô¶
үӱϾ飬ͷ˵
ҲˣͷӣϣԭݣȦһţžʣһѹͷˣ˿žЩۡ
źͲ̲γ̲̾һ˵үӿŮˡ
үӶͦģȻʱҲƵסƢǶԼŮʵ̸϶ãһֱԹʹǲȱҩһŮӹܳȥҲ֪ΣҪ˵Ҳ˵Ҫ˲磬ǾˣŻҪүһҡ
лˡ˵Ҫ̲ΣȴǱܾˣҸżչ׳԰׺ȵģﻹ˼ѣͱˡ
ҲͲټˣ̲ҼΪˣҩһûжϹϵӺãȥ׾ָܻ߰˰ˡ
ĲǵһСʱõģʱ壬ȻҲһֱϣϵİҲκˣҲˣһϲ¡
˿ɲܴ⣬ҩҪԵġ
ͷ˲̲γ
Żȥү˯ˣ˱죬Ҳһ¾ˣΪѣ˯ʵģѾͷ
үӵŮ誣ȻǴŮˣ˵⻰ͻȻͿӣ㵽Ϊʲôүүһ˹Ĺꡣ
үģĲζûкҩ˾ˣȻͬ飬ȴҲүӾȡ
ʦҡ

үһӾˣ̲ס̾һ˵ѾͷмǼ誶Ŀɿء
ʦ㲻Ҫżҡ
ҲˣҵĵطҶҹˣѽүĵ˵
οүãүӳߣ˼ѾˣƳϡ
յԺͿԺˣŽȥȻԺúȲЦ˵ôôֱ֪ȥˡ
ΪȥҲȻˡ
ԺԼʧ̬ڵɤӣһûء
ʱүҲǣⶼʲôʱˣȻûš
Ժȴþûķˡ
Ժֱֱ˹۵׵ἸҪһʱֻһ̵ģ˹ȥԺգһڣҪȴǱԺһסֱ뻳ǴϤϢ촽ӡ
һ˲ķֿүҡ˵ï˱ӹݵزнǮү档
ȥ˳Ϳһ߲ˣһһԵĳϾ͵ܹġ⼾Ϊľɫ߲ˣϾůģ۸񲻷ơ
һ߲ˣǺϡ
ʱ˾񣬰ѺϴĶϣͰϣˬڣﶼŵЩȣˬڡ
¯иĿѼпں̣ڿ濴װľ²ˡ
εĿǾ²ˣô࣬ǳԲɡ
ֱЦã²׳ȵ˼ֱ̫ˣһ²˳Ȼ򵥣ȴζڡ
ʣµǽг͵˵ؽ׼²ڶĽӳԡ
ϴֹȥѾѾŰںˡ
ԺҲȻϴˣϵİɵĳʮڵĿӭڿͷϣмһӵľ²˼ü˿ŪһӾͺˣϾͽ͵²ܹġ
Ժ㺬Цͷһ¡һڣ˵Щ֣ͬĶǺóԣۻζһ־ˣһ̵Ҳһǡóԡ
͸ˣԼתһڲˮžúһ㣬һתͷͿԺһѼ˵ҲǺúòһˡ
ȥԺ㣬˵ˡ
Ժ̲סЦסЦ˵ˣ˵˲˵ˡ


82 
Ѱļҳ, һſΧһĳ, Ժ㻹˾²˵ҲһЩ
ȴҡͷ, ֮ǰʦ, ֳѼ⣬ʵǳԲȥˡ
Ժȴ, ҪһڣȻһ, ζ㲻Ҫ
үҪڣ˵Ҳȥ²˵ζһЩֵ, ô, ٺһˮ˵ͻȻ뵽ʲô̲סһ죬ͬϼ£
ԺˣٲöģĿҲð, , ˹ס, ȥ
ںï, ߻ԹɫïôòɫԽĺˡ
ï𣿡˵ž
ȴҿʵˣƭˣھôһֻۣïķɫãѩ֬һģҪ˵̫ؾˣôͲϸױ
ïĻŭţƽ̫æˡ
м֬ǲȥðɡ
ïҲûпЦ˵ǾͶлܹˡ
٣˭ȸ˭Ժһ˲ǣŽĵʮǢ˵˵žͺȻûˣïЩ֣͵͵ĴŷһۣϾͺˡ
Ȳ˵Ҳ֪˵ïҲЩˡ
ȥѼرʡïǾΣ⻰ǽΧˣľȥ˳ʱܿˣϾԺҪ
***
һСķڣŮӱıˣɪɪģȴϷڻеĺӣ޵ǮҷǷģ޹ѽүһ
ôûϵˣծӻ쾭岻ǣ
ŮɫףȴԽı˻еĺӣŻȥһ˵Źҵĺӣȥܳ˰ɣ
ЦϵĵŮϵͷа̣˭ҪŮССˣүء
ɱˣҲŮ㣡
Ůĸ׻̲סصĿ֪Ϊʲôޣĸ׵̫ˣҲܵĲС
ӳһԵʹɫɲ㡣
˹һȥסŮӣһȥẢӣŮӷ˺ѷεĿʮֵı
ʱͻȻ߽ס֡
Ƭ֮ŮӽıŻеŮĿȫǺ⣬ǰ˵ҺôᵽⲽأǮүҺŮҵľˣֻ˵ôǡ
ǰ˲ǱˣǮԴϴּǻ˱һֱڻһӲ˵ڶź֪ԭǮǷҵ飬ֻǷǳмġ
ⶼˣû䵽ز
Ǯ׹ظҪǰϻ˵һֱҪһһ֣֪иŮ⣬ʹ˼Ȼҵˡ
***
õĿѼھˣĳϣïв֣Щ͸Ǹ˻ˣЩĳԿѼѼٺóԵĶɾĳԣҲסѽˣïˣƶѼƨˣ
ǼһƽǳԿѼͻѼƨ֮࣬ԵĲλԣһʼҲǸ˵ģֱˡ
̲סЦ쿪ʼóˡ
˵ЦԺжͷȥԺ˽⼸ůͣѾôˣֻѰļ޴멣ԳԺ糤ȣҪ˵ϵʣʮֵĳڣĿ̲ס׷ԺԶԶĿҲЦЦ
ȥߵſھͿԺҲ˹˸պһԺ㺬Цʲô漴ţѼӣ
һӽ⻰ɪӣ˵ˣҰɣҿʵǲѼˡ
ģʮֵĻЦһԵïͲҲЦֵΣεԼһֻѼӣϣǰҸŻˡ
үҲ𣿡
ȾⲻȻ𣿽Ժԥôһ˵Ȼǡ
ȣǱ¿ǣΪ˺ַ˿ģʲô˵ǰȥ֮˵Ѽˣȷ֣ԼȻûþȣҲǼԺȥ
Ժ⻰Ȼ˵ЦüģʮֵĶˣԺĿᣬҲЦ
ÿһЩʳģǳϲЩʣֺ򵽵İʳģԱȽΣ»ΪϲʵȻҲһ㣬ÿζ׼
߲ˣлֻڳͷ㡣
˵ϳɡ
ҶһϾ͵á
ԺȥںȲ裬ϲڿĻϣǲɫо޴ӭͷůģʮֵ
ȥ˳гϰʰһȥȣȻֽͷ˳һĶͷһ̲סʵˣôһͷ˶ǺʣҪū澻ᣬҲˡ
ȴͷԡ
ⲿƬƬ㡣ָָĲλһͷƬеˣΪȴ£Լɡ
ΧȹͰпȥǣĵͺܺãѧϰ֮һ鵶Խľ׼ˡ
ѹڰϣһֻѹ⣬һֻŵȥʮ־׼İǸ޵ˣȻ󷭹мɫĲ֣Ĳ಻٣ֺˮģʮ־տ
۾ֱˣ̲ס˵ԹԣտǱϴλҪˡֵū澻ţֻҪŬŬܸϷˣ˵۽Ƕץס
ȴֻҪûġ˵⻰ѾǿʼƬˣֿ־׼һǱһƬƬһƬˣװһ
ãûζˣʮֽʵӦǶֺͷ㡣
ǿ֮ѽϾ
Ҳһ˿ǰûĵط룬Դ֪Ƹ˻֮󣬾ٲöɣȥԺݣ;ɵء
ôó֮
ý׼ڳҵԵģһ綼ûԶǡ⻰￩һµģȴʮֵĵϽ͵үϾģЩڻ¡
ҲǣҲûˣط㣬ⶫֵ㣬ֻеζһ˵ʱһϾƾˡ
һԺŵʱ򣬿мͷʵʲô
ͷǰڴԹһΣżеζһΣҲ֪ζΡ
Ժһڣ⻬ۣʮֵĺóԣ̲ס˵ͷⲻ


83 
Ժʾ, ֳһ㣬ͷһ㣬ⶼǱȽؿζĲ, ͷ㣬ֶһ˵ζ, ǱͷˬһЩĵ, Ƭڼ
⼸һֱ˯ڻϣЩϻ, ǾϿζһЩƬ, ְ׷ϣ·ҲûгԵĲˣüһһ뷹ȥ
֮ȴǸϲͷ, ͷֵ, ϵĸΪʵζ
˳Թţ£׼ȥתתҪ֣ÿһͻȥ ҲǲԸ⣬ǾҲ, Ժ, ԺƺҲоĿ, ЦĿ, ȴżϷʣһӾͺˡ
ϻЩ䣬ͣѶյҲˣȻԺֱۣ˾ںС·ϣʱ˵һЩ﷢飬Ժ˵Ǹʱ˶ǰţֻżһŨĲС
ïȾԶԶĸţֻɾһģǶԵĺܡ
žͳ˱ԺҪҪȥɽƣˣǶգ˵һƬããģҲûʲôģ׼ߣȻһȺ˳ȥ˻ϲǣзݣųԡ
̲סʵȥ˭ף
ԻҡýЦ˵ԼҵĴˣ̫￴н˽ȥźңǼ˴ˣʱü˼Ҷء
Щ֣ʣԺɫȴǲˣߣ˵߰ɣġ
Žݣ£ϴһͿڿͷϺȲ裬̲סʸڸïԼҹô£
ǰӣ˵Ǳ̫ˣ빬ź̫ȥˡï˵¶ֵɫˣ˵ְɣҲҲûй֮
ҲǰɣݲͦһԲ˵
ïȴ֣˵⹬ﻹˣ
̺õı죬ת˿ͷ⻰˵˵Ҳǣܾ¹ֵֹġ漴Ҳø˵Ǽ޸ɽŵҵĶӣϾȥʶһǺ˲ͬ
ɲǡ
˵лïͻȻˣū˵Ǳ¡  ˵̫󲻻ȥӰɣ
ƽʱҲʮģԸκֻҲЩ̲ס˵紫һ㣬²Ҷ빬Ҳûѽ
˵Ǳ¿Ǹټӣǿϧˡ
ɲǡ
Ժϴߵſھͼֹ˵Żʵ۵ܲɫ࣬ȥȣŵĵͷһ仰ûУ̲סʵ涼ô˵ģ
СĲ֪
Ժü㻹Ҵأ
֪ԺˣȻҲ䣬һȴôҲҲʵĻС˵ʵҲûʲô˵⡭
ǰɣ
εЦȴǲ֪ôˡ
Ժ㱳ֶɫȻãֻǺһ洫ϸ˵ǿϴȥκεķգŭҲȥǣ֪޵ܲ
ֿܣȷŲƨǣϾӣõϲԵñӣ
Ժ˵ߣҲں档
ԺѾߺȻȥ˯ǰпϰߣżҲΪ˱̴ʮž죬һֻë˱ϼ¼£ҲʮͶ롣
ү˯ɡ
Ժȴһס˱˻˵ղǲǺ˹裿ҳոպȵĹ𣿡
⻰˵һӾͺˣ˴Ժļ򣬵үȣҽȥȥˣ
ΪиӣȲҲܳԺ˵žȥ
***
ů֪ԾУѩ㶼ڣðɫѿǵ˴ˡ
ں͸ƹˣǰּǻ˿ѼһʼҲſ˳Ķ飬ҲǼգûŻݣҲǼˣĿĶࡣ
ȥ֪ʧˣ⾩ǵϰմȳͿʼԿѼССϰټҿѼ֮꣬ǰ굹ҲסϾµĳԷһ˵ҪѼЩ¥Ͼٴеĳﱸ
еľ¥Ҫƽıһ룬е˼һһζ£ϾĶȻû˵ǱоһֹӣΪӵζʮֵ㣬ر𣬽ƷѼ
ҲסƼѼζ£۸ȴ֮һֹЩַĿѼǼ۸ˣֺ㣬˼ʮ꣬˵ǣѷֵһͱȲˡ
ƹοˣ׬⣬Ҳ̫⡣
ȴܲһ˳ÿ
ƹ̲סȥϸȥЦĵͷ̲סȣ˵ǻ֮ˡ
ƹҲңǰຼ˲⣬Ҳһ˳Ц˵
һһĵҲ˵ʮǢȻӣȴûеľɥ͵͵ŵïһѼϷ˶Ѫ֪ģǼտѼӣԵѼӶˡ
˭룬Ѽӵ޼
ï׼ȥ裬ԼϲȵĹ裬ܻһЩɣһתͷͿҲ쳤߿ȻҲǵͳЦŵ˵ͷ
һïѾͷûûСģҲ˵񣿡 ˵⻰ߣֻǽŲȴࡣ
˷׼ʰ˶ȥԺѾüûˣϾͽŹ˵ϻȥԺһЩԵĲ˱š
ʦֶ˸ƹ񼸾ͳţȴǱӭ׵ĶסˣվڽԱֹ˭ҵ׶飿Щǲǿһٶʮ˵ɣ
λңȢӼҵĹ
٣ҲǺ֮ǰͻݵģ͵ʱ֪Լ䲻ϣʱдǸʲô黹ھдãУǽᡣ
ҪͶϣôңԱ˵׵Ķ飬ƺƵģ֪Ϊͷ裬Ҫ֪ҵģҲһ̧ȥˡ
ïƵƵȥȴһЦ㲻ţˣҲǳ׽ˣԺҲõҡ
˼󣬽ǱţʵЩġ


84 
Ǵ֮ʱ, 緢ĺܣӵˣڱǰ, ˶䲻, еȴҲˣǸλ¼档
˱, ˶װһµ·, ŽεӣһʱЩ, ʮһǰǸϣҲǸźͷ棬ӵϲ, ĵ
, Ƹͷɡ
ɫ㱵ƿ˺ͷͷһİŮӣഺòĿ㽺ͰĽȴһʱ˵ʧ䡭 ֻġ
ϣ￴Ľ, лϲ, ˷еĺ, չĸ̵, Ҫȥź
ѾӶվ⣬ļױʮַ񣬹źѾӾʮˣվҲ߰˸
ߣȴֻǼˡ
ЦŸɶ׽һѹӣôҲģȥҺȵˮԱиС䣬Ϊõģ¯ӣԱ߹иɫҶ㣬͵ġ
ƽʱѾ£ҲĺȲ衣
Դ˷纮ȥչ֮Ī͵Σ˹£ĭ⣬ȣԺ飬Ժ飬ȻҲһ죬鸮ˡ
ʵɶʮֲͷΪԵʣһֱЩԹһֱҪһ뿪ȴ֣ڸеȴԽԽ˳
觶ʾãҲʹľͽˣ·һϤ˸е飬Ȼӹȥˡ
˵Ҫǰ¸е飬֪ȻѾҳѾǸʳģӺȥȾˣĽġ
ʱڵʱ⸮ǶôĹأ򣬿ɼһõĸǶôҪƫ֪ϧ
Ц˵֮ǰ˵ϼǺģǡǷ˺زţҲǷ˵һ⡣
ɶǰһƣǴֱʣǺ̶⣬װ̶ķκȴǸýƴġ
˵ӼǮһ־ӣǽ˳ʶˡ
ɶҲûƾܣһҪǲգضǣʶ̧٣ӣ͵ڳˣģһԭ뿪ҪӳԷǣ
лˡ
觼ɶʹˣȻ¶ЦһСǷ˶󷽣Ժ֪ˡ
ʮԵ£ˣɶϾ͵Ҿ·ǸƵ˶Ժ觹һЩ
˸̽һʮ⡣
˲ˮһҹˣɶ׼·Ъ˾׼ȥˣ°ģǰۻˣĸǸ飬۵ĸˣòٰ̫ۣܸɵģֱӰ鶼Ƹ
ſһƣѾϨ˵ƣŮӵĿŮӵһζǲʹģҲɶͶ觵Ѿüûкˣ߾ͷöտ¡
ĿķҵģȴҽȥɶĻϾ͵ȥЪŰɡ
ɶ˯˸û£ҲϿ׿ס
ڶվȥݼ·ˣȻ󲢲ϣϾֵ׳꣬Ǻ·һȣܿ·˻绨ͣɬȴһֹ
·Ͽû˯ã۴ϴżٵɣҲйˮ֮ģ
ϺǮֶβ࣬˳ּϼֹǮﵹ˳˳ˮĶࡣ
ϼɶʹİϵ齻ӳȥҲмɶٶɶ˵ˡ
ȻǶ¸ģϾãԴϼ룬˼ֹӵģֻǲ֪ǲɶĴܾ̬ƺƽˣȫûһɹٵģ
ԭһжʮ˳ɶԹˣϻ֮ĵڶշģһҹ˯㣬ͻȻʮֵĲͷţվ解¶ֵɫɶ㣬أ
ɶӸǮǱ򲡵ģֺݵģǮ￴ͷ
⡭һū澵ģҲû취ȥ˵ѽɶ׼֪Ҫţȴס޵ɶ㣬Ƿ˽е̫ˣȥǱˣĿŲ𣿡
ɶסĭҲ⻰Ͼ͵ӣȥɡ
ĭǼǵãһ˺ݣǮģûˣٺǮ̫Ͳˣڲٴˣ·˼ŶãͿʼˣϿǺǮﲻͬǹ˷˵ֶŮҪǳôȹ˼ҾͲưոݵġ
ĭϾźģȻϣ󲻻¡
ɶξȥˣû⣬ڳϾŮ˱еĿֱ}ˣһӾͼˣСܹȥŵˣѽʲôĲԣ˵ ôȥҪġֶɶɶ㣬㵹˵ѽ
ɶ˵ûãһضи˵õˣϾӦˡ
˵ʱĭŴĸ˹Զ˶ֱսľģŵſڣ̲סţ
ȻһĿţһ飬ȻǱ˴һƣһƣڴϣͷɢģҲˣǻѪˣصĿš
觿ܽȥˣѡ
ĸü˵˵Ҫ漴ҪȥҽϾֹ˵ҳ󲻿㺰ҽǲҪǶ֪£ԺǴͬǰ̧ͷǷˣǲԺҲóӦˣҪǽ֪ĸ飿
Ҳ֪ĸ˵ĶԣֻǱޣĸ˵ǣҪ˸Ƿ˿˲ǣ
ĸһ㶣ǲ֪ΰ죬ɶ˵ȥйϣһֱǿɿˡ
ԣȥ
ĸ̲ס˵ôܴŮˣĸϲٵĺöϾֶ̣̣ȻҪ˵䡣
ĲᣬָԼ˵ĸźžޣôһƴ˹Ϊ죬˭ӣǹ˷˵ֶŮĿȫᣬңҵˣҴ㶼ûط˵ȥ
ĸ¾û˵ˣҪҲ˵䣬ԼȴǲСһʱڨڨģ˵ⲻǻСҪúý̵¡
޸ҵʱҲͣǱǿϰٱֹ


85 
˴, ǳҰ˵ʱϲˣٲҪȥɽϲһЩ, ïʹһͬȥɽϡ
ѩ, ɫֲ
ǿȥĿݲݣͲ̵Ұ, СһڣͰĸ, ȻץҶӣ˦ͿԷˡ
Ѿ˲, ̵Ҷӣžʮֵϲˡ
˵˸İӡ
ï˵˵ҽһҪԸ˵ܹʱ߲Ƕʵ, Ҳ˿ԶԵ, ڿԳˣȻڴġ
ۣԽԲïѾͷҲҿûм޳ȥȻ˭ѽ
ïĹĵ˵ֻ˵, ϴηľ²˼ڶİ, 
ô𣿡
һԵѾЦŵͷ, , ֣ǳ
һʱеΣЦǰǸ˵ܳԾǸܳҸء
¶ЦֵӻҪȲźãǰղһЩСףС࣬ʡ
нˡ
һ䣬һ䣬˵ĶʮڴҰ˵ĶԽĿһͰ⸽Ķˡ
ȥһߣͻȻ俴һϸҶףɽ⣿
ɽ⣿ï˳˹ϲĿһŸҰݳһ𣬼ѷֱɽ⣬һƬɽ⣬ⶫζˡ
ʼɽ⣬ɽ⻹󣬲۵ɽóԣϾ̫ϵɽ⣬ζ
һһҰˣͼԶԶſһȻԺȡ
ԺѾᱡĴװƵĺۣļãгӢͦԶԶȥʮֵʿ
Ժ̧ͷЦЦ
һŻƵϸխȹͷϰӣĺѰũûʲôѩڣһѰװҲѹס
Ժʵʲô
Ժ֣˵үˣҲԣ
ʶˣ֪ʲô鶼ϲΪ˾͵飬ȴУˣֱҰˣ⵹ҲûʲôֻҪԼľУԺһڣпһµġ
еүǵĻʵѽӣӦҪڽǵϽܴǵĹݣôһҰˣԾҲ£ǶŮ˸ɵ¶
Ȼ߷߲ƽҲ֪Իʵ۵˽⣬ֻҪ飬ۿôĵʵ۶Ӧ
ȻԺ㿴ЦžҲԡ˵ͶԣȻָŵʵĸˣ𣿡
̲סЦүѰҰݣԲá˵Ժ֣СӣȻָһԾ״ֲ˵ˣɽ⡣
Ұ˲ѣΪҰ˵ضʮģֻҪ΢ھǡ
Ժ㻹ǵһҰˣûòͷڵҰԽԽֻ࣬ǳɾ͸С
Ժһ˵ŻһҰˣһЦ绨һţ۵飬Ǹ˶ܿһŶۣЩ˵ʲôɾ´žӰɡ
ͲĿӣԺİæܿװˣүЩ͹ˡ
ȼҲûʵһӲĹһ̲סţַԺҪ֪Լʹǻʵۣ֪ʲô飿
Ժһһʵҹ˺ܴĴ꣬סȻͿ
ůůģΨЩ´ףԺܵܣֺͼѾǺԶߵһ棬˿壬żԺһڣ˵ͷѹү͸ҵ壬ҲͲôˡ
Ժֻñ촽Ĳ˼飬ѹ̵ִֹ̲סһӾסգڶͷ£˵ίˡ
˾±һ»լӡ
ڶİӵѰİûʲô֮ǰѾ棬ڶֱӰˡ
Ҳ͵ڶȻȥˡ
ӣԺѾϴˣһ°ɫĺֱںȲ裬̬УȴͶ֮ȴټš
ԽԽǻϲ̲ס¶һЦǰոүһ
Ժơ
ïѹһɫķţŴһһɫƵĳۡ
Ժķ£µѣǣߴ綼ǳĺʣڴŵһֱǵ㾦֮ʣһӾ·þ¶Ŀ
ɫ̫أ˶ܳģ˴ȴɫѹȥ޹⣬Ժеƣȴǰɫʮֵĺʣͺþʹɫһ㡣
Ժ㴩£վıֱɢѹһʱھͰ
ǰˣͻȻͳһ߸ϣʸҪ֮ˣïҲæͷ
Щһɡ
Ժ仰ĬԺһ㣬ЦĿžãղĴ
Ժ㱾ϣȻ ܿ뵽ƸͬˣƸôȫûƣ
ϳԵİӣƤڶ㣬ͿԿǳǳɫڶϣɼƤжౡ
һС࣬һˣһϾûжĲˣһϲԶ٣Ȼ࣬ҲԺˡ
ΪƤǳģ̲ס³ϣϸ˵ĲУ˵˵ĳգǿǲԶء
ǰҲһͰȭͷСҧһȥڵеζζʮֵĺóԡ
Լ̲סԺϾӣʣµһˣһϣ࣬ҲǳԵľ⡣
ԺҲ֪ΪʲôİӸĺóԣȻĲ˱ǺܺãǽĸоȴֲһΪԼڵԭ
˷˾ͳɢˣǴ죬Ҳˣ︴գ·߶ɫСݣǿҲµϢ
ïһֱŸղԺģ̲ס͵͵ȥȣүǲܾ£漴ɻĿУ͵о仰жĿȾղûƼүϷѣϣôһվҵʱ;ãǵˣҲˡ
и̣ĵѽվǰĲǵĻʵۣ⻰˵ѽţҪһ֪µݸôԾ
ôҲһȻЩʼڴ


86 
, ֶ̽Ǹ̫׼ţԴӿʼԻ֮, ⷹʳûʲô˼ɵˡ
̫ϲʳһ㶼ǰ, аײ, ֻز˵ķ˿ľϸָ, Сˣˡ
ֻ⼸, ̫ǳԵòãҲǣһڰӾͷʵأ
ֳĬ, ֪ʵ۵ȥ, ˵Ȼֱ̫ˤ¿ӣϷһȥǶ˰ɣ
ֵͷ˵Ǽ, Ͽ϶ġ˵, ͻȻ, , ūûò£ûҵŮӣ̫Ҫ־͹ū澰ɣԼ⼸ճԲã˯㣬ūһʵģҪǱôǺã
һֱ̫ѾʮˣȻ͸ȴҲѰӲͬе̫
̫̾һҲֲ㣬ҪǴҵһӣݺݵҧһڣҾͲţܰסһӣ
ּ̫ڿڳԷһ»Т˳ģϾǱ´ģū澳˳Űȣǲ
̫ɫŻһϣˬʮֺóԣ̲ס̾⽴˲
һЩ
Ϊϣ̫ѵθڴ󿪣ӣһϡָ˵ĲУżȻ̫ôϲ´λʵ۹ʱһʣȥһЩš
ùţ̫ȥɢůˣԺϻҲѿˣůʮֵʣϾʹˣ¡
ּ̫һֱĬҲ˵ֻ̫ƺʲôҪ飬һǹܲסˣҲܿȥûлӣ⳯پͲˣ˵ȥһ̨ɽΣ
һ⹬ﻹһˣͳȥ̨ɽΨһûʵˣ̫Ҫѻʵ۱
***
ʰϴ·һЩõָŲֶװһ׼ߡ
ïܹʵˣǷˡ
ָָϵ飬˵ЩţСıǩŪˡ
ֵˣȥæɣء
ͷïȥ˳ûȥŵһɷζƣӦǺˡ
ϸæͿ˸ӣԲεİ׷⣬һȥռĹ𻨣׺͹𻨵Ľһ𣬼˻㣬Ҳʳζá
ѽЦ˵ǷԹһˡ
ïֱˮ۰Ͱ͵˵ʲôʱԳѽ˳ϵĻֵǷǿҲ˵Ĵˣʲôģ
ššïı˵ˣһ飬ķˡ
һʱ̲סЦһҲ٣һ˳ۣһɹ㣬ʮֵĺóԡ
кã·ϳԣʣ⼸Ƿ˰ɡ
ǿǶлˡϸ˵ĵ˵
һ־ͳȥԺ￴Ժǵ˹Թ緹Ժȥ鷿ȥˣĹæʱߴʱܿЩղ
Ժ㴩һɫŻ˿߽гۣϵǶŵźɫķɴñԵԽˣɡ
֪ΪʲôԴϴɫѣԽԺһ˵Ĺһɡ ȻµƣʵǲѰˡ
ԺЦ˵׼׵ˣ漴۷Щ¶ˣȻߵġ
ȴү˵ȻǹҪӻóոõķ⣬ݸԺ˵ģȳ԰ɡ
ԺӹϾȵģһСгεİɫ⣬滹׺ŻɫĹ𻨣ɢһ˵ζ
㶼ʲôóԵġ
һ˵Żһߣ֮ǰ˵ȥȪԺͼ⼸пվ׼ȥȪ
뾩Ȫɽϣа·̣ϳܵһϣڶȻǸոպá
Ժֱۣ˵˰ȣʮȥǱ߿ųãȥƵĹƣҲʹС
Ժ̲סЦ׼ͦãԺ֣һ󣬾̫ˣʵóȥ׼˷⣬Ŵǳóԣ¶ܵɫ׼ɣֻĲóԡ
ЦүϲҾ͸ˡ
ԺЦüģʮĶ̲סͷһڣ˵ˣҲˡ
ں涼ҿҲ֪˵ʲôͺûʵüЦģϽ죬ǿ˶ˣʵӣǲȥˣν淴ڵĺܣһ뵽̫ͷֻϣȥ̫֮Ҫ鷳ˡ
̫һֱʵȥһʼҲӦԣǵ˺ͱֱʵصŮ˭
Լס¶ڶˡ
һΪæһЩƣ룬Ժ㱧˵˯ɡ
ԺĻůˬľ˯˹ȥԺСһԵıӸϣóһĿ
ʱѾͣˣԺڿ飬ŵʱ򣬾һĪĳϿĲԽԽϲ̲סĶ࿴һ
Ժ㿴һΣͷͿ۾ĿİĽһʱ̵ģ̲סЦŵ˵üģ˵ˣڿʲô
⵽˭ҵĹӣĶ㿡
Ժ̲סЦ˺üڣȻġ
ĿཻĿһû취ֿˣԺ𽥱࣬ŨҶƻ𣬺ҪԵһ㡣
óʱ䣬˲ŴڳϴźΣ΢ңԺ㵹ʮķһȲĵԺ㣬ԺȴЦֱӰ˺ᱧұȥ
ȿԱߴ˺þˣԽڹǰȵĻʵۣȴĽȥҲǻʵſӰɡڹĻʵ̫ѹˡ
ȪıԺ̲ס˵Ư
һŵ÷ǿļڣĿһƬɫĻӳյͣһ
Ժ㱧߾Ȫ
߾ͿȪðУԱмǽߵķӣмʹӣͻʵۣϾӮ˳˵үˡ
ԺȻլӵģҲܴϾ¶ڶˣլӣԭһ̵ģļǮ


87 
ɽȪȪ, ʵ֮ǰ̲ξͽ裬ܺãֻ֮ǰæµ, ּʵЩ׾ݣȪֲȥ¥Է, ϲȥУҪݾҪȪլ, ۸ȻҲǲƵġ
Ժֻû᲻÷ſ, Ȫˮܽⷦ, Ҫȥһ
ûء
Ҫѵ˵ģʲôѣԺЦ˵ֱߵȪϣ˸, ЬӾͱȥ
̲סŵıסԺĲ, ֻȵȪˮҪûӣ־ı۾
Ժ˵Ī£ơ
ŷ֣ԺѾȪڵʯϣҲεıڻȵˮƹ, ˿ʼĲ, ȴ
, Ǵǲס
ԺĶͷ, ˵Ұѡ
һӾͺˡ
һǲ˵ϾûȪˣںյϵһѣ֮ǰƺõȣ⴮˳
յҹЩ䣬Աȴʮֵůͣǰ÷֣żз紵»ھƱУ÷еζ
ƱԺ㾴ƣ˵үףн񳯣нգҡ
Ժ㿴绨ݣΪݹȪɫտ÷һ٣ЦһھͰѱеľƸȵˡ
÷Ĺƣе㣬̲ס˳
ϸѧ˲٣Ѿʮֵĺˣȼϣطһ֬ȼյ
ſıƤˣˡ
ˣѾˡ˵õƬȻ˵ϣһζҲزסˡ
ָָʣµģ˵ҺүԲ࣬ǾͰʣµҲˡ
ȻǸˣлһ߳ԡ
Ժһ𣬳ſִ⣬Źƣڿɫе÷ֻ֣ӾӦˬġ
Ծ֮Щ΢Ϊ֮ǰݹ裬ƣѵ˯˺þѾˡ
յӴͶӶ£ڴϿŴʢ÷ֻ֣ûйƽ͡
Ժһ㣬Ц˵ϼ˯죬͵ȥˣ첻˵Ժ㣿
а۳ôͷ̲סү㣿ֵǴмİɣ
Ժװĵ󵨣ʲô˵
鶺̲סЦЦҾûʲôסүġֵùƣôһ
Ժչȥ;ζֱǻѬˣԺ㿴ɫףҲһ˰ߣ͹ı
ȴƿԺ㣬ָ˵үȥϴϴ֣ζҲ̫ˡ
Ժˡ
һֱԺȥ۽۽źһЩȻģԺҲûˣʰ˶ʹ˱Ժ
˼žһЩҲǻȥˣΪӲš
ϣ˳ɽ·ɢԺ㵣ĵ˵Ǻưɡ
ȴòʲô⣬Ѿָ˾ͷǴүûҪšֵ˵죬оҪʱǡ
ԺڻָɫԼ̫̰£̲ס˵̫ˡһЩƷҪúòһǡ
һӾͺˣŨģʵҲȫĻͷʾԼúע壬ԺһŰͻرԺȥˡ
ԺȥվſڣһʱȻ˵ʧ䣬ߵʱȻᣬҲ㣬ǲˣ漴ܿҡҡͷڻû˼롣
Ͼм£ĸҪˡ
***
½·ݷͽůֻǲ֪ǺԵʣŴ꣬һı˵éݶҳĸҲˡ
޶˾֣˵İո
ʵԭ׼æͳȥ棬Ϊ£òڹæһ
ĸƢʵԺһ̫סȥһŷȣͷ̲סų̈ɽޣǱ֣ͬĸȥǱ𣿡
ʵ۽ţͿ̫̫ʦϣͷҲ̧˵ҿûĶӣŶѣ⻹Ҫš
ĸ󣬲Ǹ˵ˣǱ߲̫ƽԺü̲ס˵
̫ȴǱΪʲô֣̫˵ʹĵĸؿڣ˵˵޵֮԰֡
˵ĸҲҲ޻̸֮
̫Ե÷ǳʹѹָԺ˵Ȼţ˻ô룿˵㲢ӣûлӡ
ʵӣܴȴûŵ̫˵£ʹΪ֮Ϊ֮ҲҪܲΣΪÿ֦ɢҶ
˴һܲɢǵŴʵȴͻȻ侲¹ػʼѪ̳дͳ飬Ȼһ򵥵顣
ûжӾûУûжȴ¹ؽɽĴ¡
ʵɫվ洵õ磬ڶ˵ȥԨ󡣡ԨڸµĵطʵȥȻҪֹ¡
Ԩŵϣֻаڵֵʵۺʵ״ˣҲˡ
پ۾ţʵ˵ҪѡӵģĵĲ֪˵ʲôΪ֮ǰ˵£ն˵¿϶ѡӵġ
ʱֵ֣׳꣬Ӧûѡһκ󹬣˭֪Ȼˡ
ʵ۵£Ҳˡ
ʵȻͰĶѡˣðִʣдʥּȥȻ͵ȥһԨ
̫ǹ˼ղ֪Ϊ½½˺빬ѪһͯʵȻѡһʵ
̫Щǣдһ㣬ɫ࣬ˤ˲豭ȥ˻ʵۣȴ֪ʵ۲ڡ
ϢŭȥԨˡ
Ҿֻ̫ܱһϻʵ۲Żɫƣ̫һʱЩ뵽Щӣ־һӻ𣬡㲻ҪԼģȴҪѻλˣ治֪㵽ôġ
ʵ뵽̫ķӦĸʲôʱף޲Լĺˡ
˵̫վ󹬣˶ûУε»ӣҪ˵Ӧðһѡ㣬ӸѡŮ빬ǣҾͲţôŮӣûһܸ㵮»ӣ


88 
, һͱˣһ粽á һʱʮֽţһ, ʵȴͻȻתߣһԸ̫ģ
һĮıӰ, ȴӼ̫ŭ⣬, ʵۣվס
ʵͣ½Ų, ԥôһ£ǰ, ̫۾ͨ죬ĸΪλãʲôŻѪҲΪȴϧ, Ҫλùˣ̳У֪, Ӧá
ͲΪԼʵͻȻתӣĿⰵ˵޵һöӣںУһֱľͲ𣿡
̫ȦһӾͺ, ̲ס, , ʵ, ϶ǼǴˡ
ʵһȴû̫˵ĸĸϲԼڿ˵Ϊޣȴǿ˵ˣΪԼĺλΪƼң
̫ʹı۾ǸʱѾʼڵʾҪĶ˳ĵ̫ӣͱҪ»ʺλʱĴ᧿Σĸ빬ôһ⡣
ŻʵˮУ絶ʣҲܲȥʩȣҪȣȵȵ۹ȵۿȻһжṦһ
ڻʼңЩɼҲҲͱˣޱŸģʵ Ŀʮֵı䣬ΪʲôûãΪǱӦʱӻи ȴûи֪ʣǺǻĹĲǣ
̫ס죬û뵽ʵ۾Ȼ֪
ⶼ˭˵ģ
иʺɵ˵ĺӣɵġ  ĸûãʵ̫۾ûһ˿¶ȣ
ʵ˵ʹǵ˳ȥ̫ľȻվԭأѾ棬һֲŸǰӸ˵ˣ۾Ͳãôȥεˣ
̫ӹӣ˲ˮȻԱߵ̫ʦϣֿĸһˮȲ衣
ȵĲˮ¶ǣ̫žû˹˵ôͲҵĿģ
֪⻹̫ۻʵۣҲ֪ģȻҲᱻƳſ¶£״ҲǱ˲ǣȵۻͷҲԥºӲǣ漴ֵˣԼҪ˴ҩʱѩֵֹ˭
ڻʵⶼġ
̫ϾʶˣһڻָԭƽҪعȥȴͨ
ֿ̫Ϊ޹Ȧ˵Ҳüͣū澴˻ػɡ
̫룬˵Լˣ£ɡ
Ǵգůͣʯ·ԶӭԣۻƵɫž˻ϲ
˴һܽɫĺȹһȸ磬ںڵķϴһٱķڣѩŮһġ
̲סۣţҪ㴩ţʮֵĻˣƫƫ˷ɫ𪣬̬棬ĿҲǸɾ͸ĺܣ۽ǱߵļβҲˡ
ү⼸ʮһյĳŹˣǰһһ㣬ٿ̫󣬲꣬ȴȫȻһǸи
Źȥ˴͵ĵطá
ŴľµĹˣ̫̲סüּ˶ЦţĿȫůĹػ˵һݻ
ⲻůˣ׳˼ӡ̫֣óԼһϻõǵ޲ΪǴ죬ңգ÷⼸Ļɫ
װϻ÷Ƶĺ̴ľʮֵƯİʮóһƣȻ޲ϾͺŵĻɫҲǾɼ˵ġ
̫һĲҲ߰˰ˡ
һ˼̫չգС˵˵ҪѰʵѡӣ
̫ͲµΪģ䵭һǻشˡ
һʱС ̫ʶ˼ʮ꣬Ҳ֪Ƣԣ˵үҴҪűˡ
ұɵ飡
²СˣѾʮ˲ǣӺãҼС͵ƢԣƼҲӻ飬οǱ£
ʲô̫ͻȻ
ҧ´̫ŭĿУսս˵Ѿʮһˣ
˲֪飬ǹȻ֪ģرϴ̫ͻʵ۴֣ʵֱȥ˰£ʱ˻үһͬȥʵۣʵ̬Ŀûһ˿ɮˣʱʱ򣬹үͶ˵ȥʵҪǱƼ˳ңǿǴ²ˡ
涼˵ʵҪǶ֪̫Ը⿴ģү͸Ͻ빬˵̫ĸӷĿ
Źߺ̫һڰ죬̾һ˵˵Ķѽһֱӡ 
̫į̬ͻȻʮһģ֪һ̫ǳˣԺҲڱȻʵۣο˵϶ˣٵȵȣ¾ͻŮӺŮĺ빬
̫һε̾˵ҪˣҸµĸҲǰ״
̫Ȼˣȴ
ʵ۸̫һܣ˵ѹĿڶĻֻǱʮֵʹ죬СʱȻҲԹ޹̫ģرÿһجΣ˯ŵʱڰڵˮУôʹ࣬ԼĸȴĿš
ڹгҲ̫ʱĴʱǸӣȻðգȴҲķʽ
ȻȵۿĿŵİеʱʶͶڹе漰Ȩ ʵˡ
νĶңҲֲȨֶѣȵĻԼ
***
Ժ˹ȥȻȥ˱Ժǵýڼеӣһջȥ¥ֻǵſȴ˲ڡ
ȥҰˣ
ֻص˵ؿƵĻģȥɽɢɢˡֵүȻͻˣҸȥɡ
ԺȴæҲЩƣȥȥɢɢ
ԺɽϣĲ˵ȴһģԺһȻǲԸˡ
ɽ·ϣͿһӣװ˻ɫ칫Ӣаɫ滨ֻһͷҲ칫ӢĻ
ʵۣ̲סЦСܹʵүʲôʱģ
ʵ̲סҲЦ۵鶼ҪˣԼĻ


89 
, ϵļ͸Ц»ż, Ժϣ˵Ժƽ, ˼͵Ŀʡ
ʲô
̲סЦסԺĸ첲, ˵ÿ
Ժװĵһ, ЦżԺһڡ һһڵģ׵Ժ̲ס, Ц
ïѾںţ̲סһۣߣͣ½ŲԶ, Ÿ, һԵѾ̲סĵ˵үͷ˿á
Ժֱߣ˵֪ô£رӣңԺûУï˵һ˼, ȥȥˡ
Ժһ, Ȼһŵĺɫӣ, ǸղΪϰŻûע⵽, ۵˵Ծȥֺα͡
ۣȤ
ԺҲ֪ϲЩ飬߻ѣӣɿڵķˣвժÿһ¶С
˱ԺֿԺŻûסҲǸģϾ͵ͷñ˿ϵı飬ȴţԹԣǰԺһʱȴԺԵģӦ
˭ҵĺӣ˳ӵĴŻ
ѾǼֲˣʵ۳ǵݵĵزѾ̩֮Ȼˡ
ȥӣˮ£Ϲϰ״װСɵӣң͸ԲʮֵƯ
ԺһڣóǺóԾЩᣬȴԵĺ㣬һڽһڵģ̲סЦܳˡ
ˣζˡ
ԺϲԸȥӣһһΪӵҲܶžͻعˡ
˹̫Ӹ̫Ƣԣʾˣʵȴһֱӹȥ̫밲ˡ
ֹ˼գ̫Ž˶ʵȥ̫˼ղǲ֪οڡ
һʵ۲˵ĸһЩ
̫Ц˵ĸŰɡ
á
ֶ緹̫󰮳Եʳлʵ۰ԵļˣЩİһӴϷ£⽴ģϴδЩˣÿˣܶڷ
ʵһʱûһڲȷģϴʱ࣬һʱԲͰʣµ͵̫
ǳʱģһھζĲͶһЩ
ūȥһЩ
ʵ۲㱻Ǻæ˵˺ˣҲҲˡ
ֿϧ˵Ҳ֪˭ĽˣȻǱ⹬Ҫ漴̫˵ŷǲҪ³ˣ
⹬ĲȼʮһյģһζЩҲʮֵϤԭҲǳԲȥǲȲ֪һԱȾͷ֣̫ˡ
ͱ繬ĹȻõģǻõĻǽǱߵӣһĵĳȻԻΪ̫࣬˭Ըð²ˣϾطԵűֻҪǰİˣԼϴˣֺαصֺã
̫˼ϵĳӡ
̫ȻܻŷˣȻҲͲ˵ˡ
һٷ̫ƵʵۼвˣϸԵĺòãʵҲɵĶڣĸТģͺ֮ǰ
ּһΪһҪԵʣҪǱĺӣһܣͺˣľǡ ˵˶ݵĻ˼ָֻ
һҪһԸܣȻദĺܺųţʵۻ̫Ժɢ
иС԰и˯иСͤӣȸСȫʮֵľƯ
Ǵ죬︴գ͵ģмһŴһһ֦ͷΪƯ
ʵ۲̫µľϣŵӣò̫ʵۣ㻹ǵСʱϲˣ
ʵ۵ӼǵãӴ˸ǧ
˵СʱĻ䣬̲סһЦʵۼǵСʱ򿴵ȵ۸ǧܣȵ۾ͽйĹ˸ʮ־ƯģʱǰҫȻŲںʵҲرġ
ôСѾ֪˵һЩȵۺȺϲĻ˵Լ̫ӣӦð˼ڶϣ֮£ʱȵۺ͹̫ܻϲȴжӼǺˣͷ͸״
ʱȨ죬ĸǰҲΨΨŵŵģҵһ˷Ժá
ĸģһû¡
ֻĸ׵׻֪ˣϾϥǶˣ͵͵Ŀޣһ죬´˸ǧܡ
ǧܱӵȻǺᣬǻʵ۵ʱϲĲˣֻҪҵͻǸʱ̫ܻẬЦĿ档
һǶµģĸҲ̫ۡ˵ԺξΰɣҾû
ʵ۳Ĭ
̫ȴֵи˭ĶС˵Ŀۻʵۡ
***
ҹ鸮ִŮӵĿĭķҵıܿ觰Ŀ⣬ֱȥ˸ļеš
Ȼûиĭһһ뵽ЩķǰǴǮֲˣָȴֶ¸֡
ŮӱϾǹ˷˵ֶŮҲȥ֣Ŷ󣿱С˲һ֣˶˵Ϸޣģ⵹ãȴǺԽԽˡ
ɶĭյԺӾŮ˵Ŀһʱƣһ˽
ſڰԴᣬȥܣԼֻһū澣Ҽҳ󲻿Ҫǰֳȥǿɾ鷳ˡ
ɶͺǿ˾ݣ˵ɶܲܰǷˣҪˣء
ɶĬһִһҽ̲סǷ˲ѧôǴ˴򣿡
ǡڼҴӷôܶԷ
ˣЩɶ
ͻȻͺһ㣬ܵſڣˣû°ɣǰڼû˸۸ģô裿
һͷͲԼһ㣬ֻһŮ˵İʮֵʹ죬ỺһЩ
ģϴξ;ʧˣŮӱϾ̣ķˣǹ˷˵ֶŮԷʮֿܣѻ𣬻һӾˡ
ڻƿһ֦ҹȴҲʮֵ˷ܡ
಻ԣ֪Ϊʲô˭֪ǫǫӵȻȺôŮӳ
޵ĲԼͻȻĺͺһӾһ㣬ĿͻȻ˺⣬һγ֦ʱһ׽ססûзڵϣﻹֱӾͳò˵ȭͷ
ֱţһգȻҴң
ɪӣϵʹ󼸺ҪˣʱӲĳ


90 
־⻹ǵڶ̤鸮, һλ뾩ʱʱլӲŸոװãһж, λϣ˾ϯ, һˮϺʣɫ͸, ۣ, ӡ̡
ǿгӵգǻһ, һǡõƼȴʮĹ棬ʱ;ʮѵãȻ֮ҲûгԹôζˮϺˡ
һ鸮, ;ûһǰ˳, Ҳ˵⸮ۡܵĲãܾЩʲô
Ź־ʯ·ϣΪ˺ÿŵԣȴ·̼ǵ֮ǰλҲڸ˻ǵһͻ᳷ȥ
ʵҲûӰ죬ֻС¾ۼһ, ˾òʡ
־ȻЩ, Ϊʲôߵ, ȷʵǸټ˲, Ҳô죬һԼλϣ;ͷۣԴ֮ͳ֮ìܾԽҲ˵Ǹͻ֮ˡ
Ͻմһʮӣͷϴһֻ챦ʯƫף죬˺֮ʮֵķ飬ֹ֮¶־˹ۿһ죬үҪѽ
־ѹüͷѹĿһ㣬ʱ֮ǰĲͣ˵Ҫȥô²ܶ᲻ǣ
˵־ԳݣٻţһͱϽ˵ﱻˣӼҸĸֲھУֻĸƣҪ
ҲûȥãϾĲᣬҪ㣡 ԱڵϣίίĿ
־ʱģſڿޣ۵ĲˣϾǰסϸϸȥ¶ļ϶ϵĺۼһǴģĻðɣ漴Ź־˵үҪѽû֮ˣԼӶôȥ֣ء
͹ùϱһ
־üҪ˵תͷʱסˣ漴ͻȻЩЦԭ۾˴ˣһĺȦʮֵĻ
ðָԼ˵ãû˭ӾȻִģ̫ˣ
һСʵģ
ɪӣ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
һʱôɲǵţȻҲ˺ۣȻҲĲᣬʵǲ˵ʲô
ȴһ˴ˣҲƼˣϵ˿ɲᣬ㲻͵ŮӣʵҪҪޡ
ϽŵĿ۹־һȵ̬ϵ־׾꣬ûһ˿ңݵĶ˵˽ӣĵ״ƣĵ֮ˣһֱޣ£˷򲻵ѣ֣֮ǰǲҲˣ
£һ¡
ɲ°ɣ
ڹ־ĿУϾԼʦҲΥ棬ֻȴһŮӡ
Ҷ̫ʧˣ
⻰˵ʱͲ˵ˣϳյ廰Ҫиɣ˳ĸӡʡ񼲡ԡԣַ߳һ
һʱĬ
ҲҲĴҲʮ֮ˣҸ˵Թ־ͻȻʶǹ˼ˣˣ͵ں͹˼ҷĿˡ
־˽ȥ˵޶ѵԵ֣Ȼ׾ҪúõĹӣҲˣȶֲǣԺٴˣ˼ϲǡ
ȴķĲУ֪ΪʲôȻĻ֮ǰ;ù־ЩѿԺ취ˣȴǸ֮ȴǷ֣ʹϲ¸Ϊǹ˼ˣҲҪš
Ҳ֪˵ʲôⲻǣϿҵ˵ˣ²׵ĪҪԺٷˡ
Ǹһ̨ˡ
ҲԹ˵ӣȻһҲûк·ˣѵＸ䣬˾ǰ½ҹȥˣǲ˵ģԭͶﵭģȫˡ
ǱˣֻҪ ͻȻ;ζӳ£･ס
˹־ĳ棬Ҳڽˣ¾ǹȥˣҲģѾ߹裬˸㣬˾̸
һϣǲ
֮ǰûãǼȭίʵ򵥣һӡ
ϳ£СʱѧһЩƤë
Ҫæ˵Ҫ˵ȥңǺ͹־鷿̸һҲˡ
ǹ־ˣʵһɡ
ٶ˿ǽ˵ˣ¹ȻҪѰӡ˵⻰ͻȻסˣϺôϣһǱ˴˵ģһʱ֪˵ʲôͻȻҵΪոˣѵΪԭȥ־һ̬ģʮֵ;Щ֡
ˣɲˣǡ
εĵͷСġ
ȻǲԸ˵ˣѾ㲻ѰҲǸ˾ҲͲȥˡ
ӣȻҪѰˣֻ⼸ӶƽӹѿΡ֮ǰѾѡ
ٿ۹־Ҳǲ˵֪ҲģԴӹ־֮ͺ˵ڳˣǵ˱˵ʱϾҪӣҲһܱķ
ֵס֮ƾٳ
˭ȵСĵܵܣͻʵ۲꣬Ǹʮ竣ȴиϻ۵ӣǺӴӾͲȥ껹û̫٣̫ƹϲĲˣ˲ٵʹ͡
˵ǣ
ѹסңȻҪѡİ취
һӾˣ˱ʵ˽п֮⣬ǽëģʵܸ֮ˣĲż汸ǳ࣬ҲһʼԥҲΪհˡ
Ĺʼѹסˣᣬܵȣ׸ȴǵȲˣٹ׸͵˵䣬ʱ׸λþҪϡ
־ѵÿ˵Ǹ϶˵Ѿֺˡ
ΪϵˣڸռټУﵹྴģҲԸЪڡ
***
ܾЩر׷ʱҲ˯ţǴҲҲûô⡣
ϣ˯һŵĿĵؾͱïҡˣˣˡ
Ժһ󣬺һïݹĲˮžô˯Ƶġ
ï˯ɫ˵ģǱջҪ̲ס˵ūôűǰҪÿ
̲סЦ˵ɣǲˣ
ïˣū澿ΪһڳԵģ
Уǲּˡ
ïϾ͵ǻȥɣ衭Ȼ¿ˮ˵̲סԼЦҲЦ
˵Ц£;࣬ҩſڣǲ̲εӣһȴţûӪҵ
Ҫȥѯʸˣȴһϸ߹ֱӰһ輦Ѫ棬ӹҽ̲ΣԼ޶ˣ￪ҩ̣
һʱΧ۹ϸȻǱߵĲУ˾ͿʼߣҲȥʣȥ
ԭϸǲ̲εĸǰ̲УȴѲ̲βòŽȥҪԼȴҲһʬ
Ǹ˿޵ʮóƣôȻŮ׵ˣǹģ
˵ˣ˭Ҳܱ֤ʧѽ̫żˡ
ޣŮʬδͶһµ£һɥ޵飿ԤıѾãŮȻҪ˫˫ˡϸҧҴӸݹ֪꣬ھ￪ҩ̻ˣҪǸʲô
һʱ˶˽α֮ˣԭ¾ͳףȷʵǲ̫ϸ˵ǰ㣬ıѾá
ï㵵ĲУ̲ƽʱķӦҲЩŹ֣˵ˣϴòиоܾˣ˵ҽΡ
ȴҪǲҽΣôκʦϵİҲǸκõġ
ϸ˲˵ѵģҲкǸҩ̣ٸΡïԽ˵ԽǾļȥˣΪʲôʱء
űƽʱҪï̲ס࿴ۣ۹ïִٵĵͷһŵū澾ǵģ·˱һӹҽƭˡ
п»Щ飬ϸ˵¾ͶˣǲȴһֱǶǹһˣɼӣ
ïҡͷɫŻ࣬ȥѯʣǸѪζֱıǻĵĲУæ
û˵һŵҵΪϵİߣ֪˶ҽҲ֪ģʱ˶ҩֻ˶ӣȴ޼£ǲ̲βҳ˼ѾЧˡ
ïͷֵ˵컨׹κ˲汾¡
˵ǡ
̲Ӧǲ򵥣ȻóǸơǰҲû룬ҽûκõģȴССģĵκãȻЩͷ 뵽ͻȻֱӡ
ˣôˣ
ԼĶӣȻ죬θҲֻϲĶѣϻһĺ
û£ҾһЩŵ˵ķڶƤϣǸʲôϡ䱦һ㡣
ï˿֮ǰĶԻҪ⶯ǰһеʱ̲ס㵵ĵɴ۾ˣ׷ϲģŲζϴүһҪ£ղǼѪҲǡ
һʱˣ㿴ңڿ㣬öû
ڳϣ۾ï˵ˣҪҪȥڵ⵽ʲôȻ֪
һһɴḾˣԵСѾԲ㣬ЦʮֵĺƣǷЩһƣСʵĸóƣ
ǻ˷죬ϾͶЦݣóˣСȥ˹
иңСѾ߷ŮӾ˽ȥ
ȣ߹һͷ׵ߣЦе߽ʵλҪ
һһЦ˵ϲˣϲ
㶵ĵģһʵȷ𣿡
߲̫ȷŮӵѰ֪ϲ˵ĲУŮô͡ ȥȻʱĹǣǣϷҽʮ꣬ûϲˡ


91 
ʺǾǵֺ, ץҩ˾ͺܶ࣬ŰӣԿ
ȻǼʶ, Ǹ˻ЩǣϸĽ͵, ˣ֮ǰǲ˹ӣ
ĸߵҽ, Ծĵ˵ͷֵ, һУ嶼ˡ˵¶ԥ̬, ʵǲʲôף˵žʶĻס˶ӡ
ߺͰЦЦŵˣް, Ҳʮֵƽ, ϷҩûҪˣλе䣬ҽʵǲ
²׵ȴǾܾȻҲ⣬ϿҵĸλԸ⣬ʮ̽ҽ
Ÿ˳, Ѿ, ͷ, ò, ˴վԭأȴ¶ΥЦݣһԵѾҲǰͲסϲ˵ˣˡ˵Ҫַ
ţû¡ͻȻܹһˣǸʶһȴֻ·ܵٶЩѡ
ˣ˵ţ
Ѿͷǡ
˲ǱˣïһЦʱ;ʮֵĿïһǰûھܾˡ
Ըϳϵȵһ㡣
ïֵһӭʵˣǲһЩ
ͷ֮ǰЩ֣һȷУһеĴ𰸾ͶӭжˣЩֵ󶼱ú
ïЩ֣ʵˣǲеȥ
ȴʲôˡ漴ֵ˵Ϊʲôɲɾƫƫ˲УȴϵĻưߣҵӡ
ïһ㶣飬ǲҽ˵㣬ֶǿҩǲУҲûв׵ĵطǲֻǿ˾ÿ԰˳ְһѣ
Ϊʲô
ïȻ˵һ߸ϵģ˭ϲֹǰ㺮ᣬ֪أ˵ǸдʳϲԵ⣬ˣӣһ㶼ûĹԵãϲȻԸˡ
ʲôʱӣ
ïʱסˣӵĿ£˵͸ôΣǸүڳѧҲҾŸƹˣÿ·Ǽҵҩ̲ٽ֣ҾȥװһЩ͸
ľôΣ
ҷģ
סï֣˵Ҳ׾ʲôˣĳӲĺܡ
ū֪ïͻȻѹĵͷ
ïͷ˵ҵˮɡ
ïŻָ˾ͷ˵ûǺȹ裬Сϲ
̲סЦ⻰˵Ҳ̫ˣӻûءȻˣȴĸŶӡ
ïǸ˹裬ԼĲˮɽ髸ɣ棬ּһӷۡ
ϲ΢ζһĲˮǺȵһ롣
ï̲סʵˣү֪˻𣿡
ŶӣһʱĬûԼӣԸԺһʱʮֵĻƣȴ¸һĸ׵ĻᣬǸмġ
ҵĺӲûиס̬ᶨ˵ڸգԸ֮ˣΪĸǿηˣүԸ⣬ҵԸġ
ï
ï⻰էһôҪԺñĸо
***
ͻȻƲ̲ΣĲУ۾̲ס𳳣˯һȴǲŹÿˮգĿˮմϣĵĲУ̲̲סǸʲôôڶһϲˣ漴ͻȻǺڶ
۾ĸоɲãֻͷѣʮֵĴ̵ۣҪᣬԱߺڶһֱͼ˵һҡβͣ
̲£ͻȻ;öĵĲУȴ֪ǲµطſŵĵطһأӲݸոǰ滹ڷŹƷǿŶģܹȥԱߵСſʼ
ʵθѾûʲôˣŻ£Ϊ̫һĺžһ㡣
ڵãڶСܹ˲̲εĸ첲ҧס̲ڶͷ˵ڻһˣ
ڶŲ̲ߵĹǰȻĹƷһĽУһֻ⣬һЩ͹Ʒ
ȣ⿾ˣҲЩζˣ̲ζԺڶ˵ԲˡĹǰͷ˵ӣΪ㡣˵̲סģĿĿĹϵ֣̲ס顣
ڶһתȦȦ
ò̲λָ˼ǣĹ˵ӣǰϲڶˣ϶ҲԸڶǣЩ͵ιˡ˵Ʒϵĸ㣬ŵ˵ϣźڶ˵԰ɡ
ڶֱˮȴһֱŲ̲εĻͬˣȲĳ㣬ھ¶ˡ
̲ڶͷ˵ùӣҲңôã϶˰ɡ˵һԵĺ棬۽˵ϣڶ˵ĲУһֱҡβ̻ͣʵĳԵˡ
̲Ĺǰã̫ɽˣ׼ˣ˵ӣ㡣
ΪûгԷ̲θûɽ·һЪһ˺ҹڿˡ
һŽɫֵ̺ũӣ̲ΰȻһ˵Уһȥ죬ǽ˵ġ
̲ÿɨĹסũļУʱʱ̫ˣũͻѰôˣ
ɲǣϣԹû˵öӴӰóһӱ˵ɽǰģԡ
٣ء̲ӱһڣӲָɣĶˣų˺üڣȴ㱻ҭǺˮȥ
漴ͻȻ뵽ʲôʵղ˵죿
̲ܾͺȾƣ˾˯ûȻôãͻȻеվ˵һҽվҪ̻ؾȥ
ũڶˣ
ũĶ˵Уǲм£
ԡ̲̾һ£ǺȾ¡˵ӻͳһݸũ
ũҲûпϾҪǮģ̫ƫƧҵһȽƵ̲Ҳûʲôˣֻܿȥ
ʱ䣬Ҳ⼸죬ȴƫƫĸӵļգϣҪ£̫ۣϾ˯˹ȥ


92 
һת۾͵˴ĩ, ϾͽļҲԴӺͻʵ۴һ֮, ̫Ļˣ, ֻż»ʵûгȥʱִʲô, Ҳûˡ
⼸ջʵ۷æҲûճȥ, ̫ʧˡ
һԼСԾ
˵ķ±, һ빬Ϊ̫ٳףٵģֻǺľɼ̫ھβ
һת۾Ǻü£޵ǰ, ʮֵı, ż̫󻹻ᴫ빬лҳ̫ϲСԾӲ꣬ȴĴݰ׵ģüĿ鶯ϻ, ûӵ̫ʮ۲
̫ӽ, æ˹Ů߼б, , ϲԣ׼һЩԡ
Ծ۾һҲûӣڳĸ̫л˶ȴҲûȳԣȵݸ̫˵̫ȳԡ
̫󲢲ϲԾʵԼȳԡ
Ծȴ̫Ҹն飬д˳ȣߺԾȸ˵һ͵ǰ档
̫ϲĲУ⺢ӿ涮£ʵ̫˻ϲˡ˵Ͷ˵ȥһ̨ʹ͸
һȴˣϾ̫ʹֻͣȴԥɫ˵⺢Ӿ̫ϲˣҲá
ʲôõģǱӲ֪ӼҪôһСǿǣϱҲ޺ˡ̫һ뵽Լͣȴϥ¿飬ֻһǻǲģҩţҽ֪˵˶ٴΣ⺢ӿ󡭡 ֱĽһԱȣȻǸиǧ̲ס̾˵
ȴ̫ǲûţʵǽܣʵģҲǻȥˡ
ʲôţ̫ȵţ漴ֵүĲǻûҪ˲̻ȥǣǸ·ַ˿ô죿
ȴҾֱ˵˰ɣǶ˵ھΪ˰Ծ⺢빬У˽ģ̫ǿûһǷ֮ģԾǰȥ
̫ĬʵѡǼҲ빬ʱ밲Ǳߵû·ųС˵ףһŵǲСС̫棬һһ۵ģ˲ϲʵǽ˿ϡ
ǲȲ֪һȾͷ֣ʵЩԽгԾĳֲ˹ˡ
˵ˣŶϲ
ǾͰĵĴţҲȥ˭Ҫ˵ǵлҾ˭̫̫ʦϣɵĳ߸бԾۣ̲ס˵
ʵҲǲȥģصǱȲҽģ⾩ҩĺңҲʮֵķ㣬̫Ļڷл̫
һԵԾڳԼб֣ϾʹɵĹڵϣһл
̫Խϲ֮ǰʳϡ
Ծȥ̫ԾĻȷʵǳӣûʵţ˵ԾǺǼģǻĺܣǼǿ̫ˡֲֵĴţ˵Ѻӽ빬С
ʵȴưɡ
̫Ҳ֪ʵ۵ĹǣеǼӣжѾʧˣǷֲҲڻʵ۵ƿУҪǻӣ񲻵ˣձȻǲͬˡ
̫⼸꣬Ҳʵʵģֵĺܣ㸸ڵʱҲǸʵģûκεģҪѡͰ⺢ӽ빬
̫˵ʵ۳Ĭ֪ϲҪҲУһ漴ʵôˣ
ĿڴֻĻʵͷۣüһ̫ǲˣȴ˼˱𴦡
ôڴҳȥǰɲġ
ز֣ν
˶һۣЩղ̫⻰ȻЩֱϾǻʵĸϵõ飬Ҳ޷ʵ۵Ϲ룬ϴ˵óԵĽˣ˹
һ϶ԵıȽ嵭࣬࣬Ҷ࣬п¹Ƭ㣬ͷȡ
㴻
ǳ㴻ļڣɽϾв㴻пվʹѾߺȥժԲľˡ
ʵ֮ǰ͸һ̳ӡ
㴻ⶫζ⣬ϲ˷ǳϲϲȻһڶԲã̫ͻʵһζҲǳϲ㴻
̫һ㴻㴻еζϣʮֵڣóԵզ̫࣬㴻ġ  ɬζ̵ҲǸոպãʵǺóԡ
ʵĿżãͶԵ㡣
ϵĲȵûԶ٣һС㴻ȴǳԵľ⡣
극ʳĲˮΪһ㴻ίʵԵĲ٣ʵͷȲ裬ȴ䲻˵ղǸͻ֮ˡ
ʵۣ
ʵ۴̫նɫĿܿգ͸ڿһʵʲô
***
̲˯һڶ쵽ֻһһ·ûͣЪ߰յʱڵ˾ǡ
Ҳûȥҩֱ̣סıԺ
⼸һֱڼϢɫþ׼ԣһʣߦȴǳġ
̲ι̲ס˵ǸջĿ治ɣ׼ˣһԵɡ漴Է㶵ï˵Ųȥϴɡ
ïŷӳ˹Ӧһ̲ηǳҪҲ֪Լڷ糾͵ģַˣԵ£ȥȥ
ڿ̲ξǿԼĶһ㣬˲κϵİߣԼӣ֮ǰҲ֪̲ڰӣΪֻΪϵİߡ 飬붼ûϾ֮ǰҽҲ޼¡
ȥϴʱ򣬲̲ξͷïֱӸ׼ԡˮԼϵζɽϺ˾ƾ˯·ϲͣر ϵζȻ˵ˣʵʵľԡˡ
̨ϷŻϴѣ̲δ˲žȻʮֵĺʣΪһ㡣
ֽͷһˬĳ˷ţͿïһֱڵУҸ˷ȥɡ
˸
ҪԷǣïŲ̲Ϊ㲵ݣ˵˽棬ζ㣬ʮˬڣĲȳԸ
̲ο֪յģ̲ס¿ˮȴ˵ǷʱӦúúϢǡ  аɣһȣѾüûˡ
һ棬ƮźɫͣɫĴĩһЩ飬žʳָ󶯡
ųһڣ֭㣬ˬڣʮֵ̲ʹĳһ棬˺ֻˬĲС


93 
ܰ, Խ棬׶Źǰģʮֵĺú, ֻǲֶĺ̲ͣס˺öȥ, ڿɲ̫ܳġ
Ҳ֪, Ȼʮֵĸˣ˵, үҪΪѣүҲ, үүڼвܴӹ飬ԺҲѶʵĻ£պÿԺͷ˴պ¡
ƸҲ֪ʲô̼, Ȼֱȥ, ĹصزһֵţţɣȻЩѽȴҲζء
û뵽־Ȼÿּ⣬ȻҸŮҲͦõ, ү˾һŮǣ
ֱЦ, òֱּ쿪, ƸλͬôƵ飿ҸŮҲ, űҵԸģǵԸȡ裬Ұ˵С
⺢̫Ҳ̫ã½صĲȫûյļֻ֡ҪΪӺõģԸȥ
̲˺һһ漴ϲˣһ̥Ӧʮֵȵˡ
Ȼ֪ˣǴӲ̲ο˵ȴȫһϾǸԼҽεˣ̲סһᣬҪ
ּˣʱɿ޲á
ԺӲã̲ȴ£Ӳû㽿󣬱ŷãֻܺƽһǡ
־ò̲˵֪Ĳͬôܿأ뵽̲γڵҽסˣǸ汾µˣмҲ˵
мûлС
̲ȴлңʵ̲˵¶˼ɫĿţȴ̾һû˵ڣǷ˵ӺãŻָ
ЩϧʵʣΪʲôôɣǲ̲β˵Ҳͱ˵ıʡ
ǻҪԲҩ
ãҪ԰̥ҩ֮ǰҲҪͣˡָ̲ϸϸҪע顣
͵ˣǰʺõλҲô˵ġ
ʺã̲֣̲ס˵ǲͷٵߣҪ˵⾩нŷҲʺõλˣҲܺãƽÿյġ
Ͱѽ˵Ļˣ˵̽ҽ
̲¶ҵɫҲΪҽߡ
룬󻹻ʵԭǸӣȥҩ㣬ĸ
̲ɫҰףþöû˵ȻķˣУһ··һˣҪǲСЪһ
ֻ̲ǸǰһѲŵлƽԲȾˣͷ׼ѣʵ߶ˡ
ȴ죬Ѹ㡭  һɲǡ漴һԵïͻȻ佩ֱӡ
̲˳ȥʱˣųţ̲ξʵïģ
ïɫͨ죬˵ͷ
̲οǰߵˣζӳ£һģҲ˵ϸܵţʵĳߴʮֵѵãԴӹȥ֮ûдôˣȥׯ򣬲̫̫
һ̲ȴïһδĹǲҪˡ
ïס漴˲̲εĻֱ߷
̲ȴĳ˵ԺĪҪˡ˵ʹ󲽵ǰߣïŲ̲ΣߵŭΪʲô
Ҳ̲䲻Ϲ
̲ȥӣָֻֻ˻ߵĲԭֻаķ磬ûκεɫ
***
̲ڱԺСЪһҩ̣Ȼ˵ǰ㣬Ѿ˹Ѫʱ˶ָָģޱ˹ȥſڵĸϡ

ͻȻѹֱǰĲ̲Σйɺ۾ð˳ǰһ⣬ֻĲ̲ðǵģȴʧ˻һ㣬
ˣٴҪˡһȻǳȥʳˣŸձպÿⳡܹ˵
̲αı׵ģĪŻˣæǰԼĸס
ЩصĺѽҪ˵ھǿ㣬Ҷֿ֪ʼҩˣôӺ˲˵̲סصĿ˵ʲôʥ֣ҿŮôﴧһı㺦ˣ
̲ҲźȦͷڵϣ˵ĲУʵ˵ˡ
ʲôˣ
ӱѩ޵ӡ
⻰˵ϸ˳ĬҲôһǰִ˲̲⣬һеģҩʱҲҩĶԲԣҲѴ̡
ȱ˳Ҳˡ
ϿŲ̲̬һʱ﷢飬Ů֮һֱǳ޲̲Σǿһ˫Ŀ⣬ʱ;ãʧȥŮֺ̲γʧȥӺͺӣ
ŮѲ̲μȥҩһζҩǼٵġ ΪҩĲԣȴûоȻ
̲Щһֱ⣬Ϊҵҩ֮ˣȴ̻иɽҪΪס
Īס˵ɫˣȻȥɣûԷء
ǻĪĶӣǸϵĸαϾ͵¡ݺݵĿŲ̲˵㣬Ϊʲôô죿
̲οۻĪĪͷ˵Ǹ˵ˣǸŮ÷һݣֻǽ˸ͷѣڵʱ˵ˣ׵˲ͺˣҲ֪ø˵
Ȼʲôƨ飬ûɵ飡ޡ˵һˮŤͷˡ
Ÿߺ󣬻ĪĬ£˵ƢҲãߺЩܲסˣҽ˶ٱ飬ǲʵҵҩ֮ˣ
ţҵˡ̲¶
˭
ˣҲǣǣԼᴦõġ
Ī̾һձ̲εУ˵Ҳ˵ʲôԾĻҪǰǣű˳ҸŮӣúùӣҲԸ⿴ڵӡ
ŻĪߺ󣬲̲ǸЩȵձݺݵҧһڣתͷͽݣһ߳һװȥ˲̸
ҽţֶӽ̲ס˵ô£Ȼˣһ˫Ӱɡ
ˣҾǸ˵һλϲˡ
ҽͻȻ䣬̲ס˵˵ģ
ǣҸġ
ҽ¿ˮԭת˺üȦһ̲סЦ˵̲Σ㵱ǲ֮ţһ֮ǰ˵ţˣȥɣҪϽȥ֪ˡ
̲ȴλ˴Ӧҵأ
ҽģϻûλ˰첻˵顣
̲εͷҽҴҵҪݻѳȥһ䣬˵λУҪչˣλ˶࿴¡
ҽͻȻһۣ㿴ң㣬һʱΣ̲εȥɣ˵¡
ҽͷȴǶŲ̲˵ʲô˵ʲô˵ҲҪǹһ񡣡
̲֣صĵͷòҽģݻȥˡ
***
ʵͷۣ泳һţԭǽոӳ⣬һѧʣȴʵǿۣиӵѧĲƢȴʮִֹȱ鶯
Щˣٻֻ̫̫Сġ
׸ڵϣʹļ׵˵£δǳ͢ĸǼ޶ۣʵѿΣҪ˼
̬ˣǺӵȻҲǸ棬ҲŹ˵£´˵ǡ
ٿԴӻʵ¶ϲ֮ʵԶλϣڸСģҲģӦλá
˹ҡҡͷ֮ǰĻѵͿ֮ΪʲôȥѡɼǲϲģӵļǱµұۣȻҪǡΪҪΥµԸʱֻܿ׸Ϸǡ
ʵҲЩò⣬ǻ˽ģƾ֮ǴӴ֮ȷʵʵѡˡ
ʵҲҲǵĴ֪˭ƾǣԺȻٲúô
ıסˡ
ʵĿ⽥䣬ɨڵˣϣȻǴżŭʵˣ´˵Σ
һֱ֪ʵ۲ϲԼҲǺ潥ģʵ۶һֵʱǻ᲻ʹ˵һĺöѡ
ÿΪԼǼ£ûʵǸ֮ˡ
ʵ۵ôǿʼǰڻϿΪôش𣬶Ҳˡ
£˵ǶСܿҪĽ̵ǣұֵ׳꣬綨Ҳã˵¾Сӡ
ƥĵʵЩѿʵҪǵɽˮĵزλӣ
ʵѵĿҪ˵ȻȼҴҵ֪ܽǵ򲻵ѣȲʱȻڶߣ˵˼仰
ʵ꾪һӾվΪ̫УǰĳƵˡ
ڵϣڴ޴Ҳһǰ´˸ֿıܿһʱ׷׵Ŀʵۡ
ʵȴԺ顣˵ͷҲصȵͬ³ȥ˵ֻûʵ۸ղǱЩϤȻʵۼѹƣȴΪ̫ͻȻ¶˿
ĿֿϲȻݼţҲʮֵϤѹһ֪ģһ֪Ҳ㣬ʱǻˣϲѶ ֻǺ̫æּʱһ˼;ϣûˡ
֣Լʱÿտġ
ʵ۳Ԩ󣬵ϣƲסĲʵģ
ǧȷūȷϹˡҲǸ˵ĲУֵҽſڣҪǲţֱӺѯʾǡ
ʵ۵ߡ
ڹȻͿһֱŻʵ۲ҽҲƲסϲãϲ£ϲ£ڵóԸ
ʵ۱۾һۿǺģϸѯȥֶӹЩ汾¡
ҽ˵ʲôʵͷҲصߣԵЩȲ̲סЦ˵ǵһμʧ̬
׼˯ˣϴϣױ̨Ĩֻ֬࣬Ŀǻ̲סŶӣﻹƽƽģ֪ܿ죬Сͻᱻ
ïţ˵ˣ˵ȵţ顣
ԴоͶζΪУ̫ϲţϵζȻܵȴһζȻǲ˵ģԸӹһСڣ̵ģ̲ס̧ͷïЦ˵ūʹУҪǲϲô죬˵Լһǡ
ïʵģһǵţÿɿڶˣһ˰뱭
ïˣһ㡣
ͻȻ洫ŲвֽŵүôͻȻˣǡ Ҳǲȥ糾͵ģôϴְɣ
ȵʵ֮һֱԺ㣬Ϊ֪ôġ
ڴЩǣʱ֨ѽһ򿪣Ժǵ˽ſһʱͣ½ŲԵʮֵĳ
ּҪǰֲҵ̬
ֶľүɲУȾϴ
ǲģΪӵĺӣһӾͱˣֻҪΪ˺ӣʲôҽ
ԺԼûϴʵʵĸŲȥ˸ϴ֣ڲֵļල»һ£Ż
ȼʵֱզ࣬Ҫ֪ǰǻʵۣҲ֪ʲô飿Ȼָӡ
ֻʣԺ㣬˳Ĭ˰죬˵лҪ˵
Ժ֪ˡ˵ͶӣͷķĶϣ˵к˲ǣ
Ժ̬ʮСģЩǶʧˣҲڴӵİ


94 
˵²Ȼؾ֮ϵ, үӡ ôģ
Ժס֣İ˻, Ҫ, ȵİѺҼС  мֱҪ̳С
֪Ժ, Ժּһ˲ٵĶϾӾ㲻ܼ̳֮λ, 洫Ĳҵ֮⣬ҲʣµֵܷĲҵƽķָӡ
ҡ
Ӳû, Ҳû㡭Ժ㿴˵
Ҫ˵˺֮ûеǼٵģϾ㲻岻ģͶȴҲûֵģֻͼһʱʹ죬лŮ, Ҳûʲô, û뵽ǣѾҪӵģȴһҽκԼĲ
ȻҲԺ㣬ʲôȵϣİ֮˵ºӣ⺢ҲǡҲǶԷڴĽ˻ϲ
һ, Ҫ
Ժһ, Ĳ, ޴ĺ, գסָ⣬Īޣ̫
ӣʵҪһǸŮأʵҲãŮҲãͷУȴֻжӲܼ̳мҵ
ԺȴȻ˵ֻܲҪһӲǣ
̲סᣬȴᶼԺ·ϣ⺢ģֻŪԺЦãȴĵİ²ӣǹܹġ
̲סЦװĴ˴Ժ㣬±һֻǿֱˣҲɢԺĺ󱳡
˵˻һ˴ȴǳٳû˯⣬ԺʵǻҪ֣
͵˵ͷ
鷿ڸڣԺڰϵ̫ʦϿ֣һʼЩڣϾԺĿƵģһʼͲԾͶ˽ȥ
һдŷԺīͷүˡ
ԺȻٸīȻΪСģ̨ⶼǱȥī֭Ȼ˹Щί⻹ǵһΡ
̲סЦԺһڣŷ֣ԺһֱϺ棬
дȥԺָż˵ Ѿˡ
Ļ˵һı䣬д֣༸ᣬ˵屾;㣬ȴǶ˼Լζ
д֣ҹҲˣȻҪ˯ˡ
***
ҹ˾Ϊڿʲģһ̧ͷͿԺڴϣ۾ͨ죬һҹûк۵ӡ
ǳԾ̲ס˵үǲﲻ
Ժȴ²Сߵ㡣
Цãүƽ˯ͺȵƽȵģôͻͻȻˣĪҪˣջҪ𣬸Ͻ˯ɡ
ԺӦһ漴ϸĵʵǲǿڿˣ
ͷԺһǶе󣬷޴Ķ󺰵ˣ
ԭ֮󣬴Ҷеţرǲֱּ޾ϸģĳԺϢȻҲҪԺϴˡ
ȻԺôһһӾʹٵĽŲ֣˯ձֽѵïȵˣһӾͳ˽
ɫףʲô£˵ȥ뿿ڴϣɫ ɫҲΪ˯ѵģҲûʲôףеˣʵүǷôˣ
ԺһȺ˶ؿһ˵˵ڿˡ
⻰һԾ͸оһľǰȥһˮݸ˵ˣǲĵʵҪҪҪǲıˣū澾ȥȥ
ûУǿڿˣ
һڣһˣüһ˶ڿͺͻȻһ㣬ֱЦã˵ˣˡ
Ϊģãȥ
ȴʼնЦų̲סЦ˳ֵһۣס˵ʵûүʧ̬
һ뵽ϻѵЩƽҫڸǣתۼΪһˮͲ֪ģ;ʮָп
ԭЩˣԺҲ̫סˮᣬʱɾûʲôĳˣֻǷˣչ߻鷳ġ
⻰ʱ;ʣµһԹҲɢˣ˵үҲǽţľ͹ˡ
ԭԺ᲻ˣϾĹϵ˵Ǳ˴˻ϲ˵ǹҡ  ǿԺģȻҲǷǳϲģһԺΣֻҪЭûɵ顣
ȻҸŮ˭ܱȵ׵Ҫ˵Ժ㻹ˡ
Ѿȥָֻ֮ƽүЪϢɡ
ԺϴھԶĵطҪȥˣ˾˵ү㿿һЩ
ԺŲȥһ㣬ֵٿ
ԺǰŲһЩǲ⣬ǼԺţȾģ־úЦȻЩ䣬ůů
ҹⶼļˣҲ䣬˵űأԺȻûЩ˵䣬Ͼʹ˹ȥҸůů
ƾͱסԺĲͶĻůˡ
ԺӽӲľͷһֱͦͦģգɫ§˵Щ˯ɡ
ԺĻֻģܿ˯˹ȥ
һԺһֱűƣһû˵ۣղ˲š
***
˹ţһ·϶ЩĲɵģ׼ٵˣ
ٲ˲ϵĺˮϲּǻ⣬żȥһ٣Ȼ֣ΧһЩ˼͸о岻ˣͷ϶ǺˮͷţջǳЩһ塣
ͣ£ʵ״ˣ
ٿۺĹǣ˵ϳ˵
ִϰܣԴʳסжʮޣǰʱѾЩˣֻҪܳԱ˯ůˡ
ûк֮ǰðģǰȻ飬ȴǴ⡣
ٲʵ£ͻȻͳ˹ȥⶼѾûؾ˰ɣ˿·֪µȥ
۰٣Ц˵õĹؼʱ̣µʲô飬Ҫʱȥ
ʵȥǰǸͷ̲סģֻ⼸գѾ˲ȥʹˣǵõȷϢǣûˣʵҲûгҹˣˡ
ֻĴϾ״ʵҪã϶ôĵģϾϲ²ǣ
Ժ˼䣬˵ѽϿǱСһְɣϷޣǺˡ
һӾˣԴӱ֮ĲȥˣԺӶԸ⻰Ҳö԰˵ϾǼģ
һ뵽ᡭ һȻϣܻص֮ǰʱû檣᲻᲻ͬˣ


95 
, ҲһĹ򣬾ͻȻоȣյů˿ȷ硣
֮, ǻһЩƽʱԵĶһ, ͻȻţ˿ˡ
˵ݵţʮֳģֻΪţ۸񰺹, еĵطɱҪȥٸ, ̫Ūɳ, ҲԸţˡ
ûãһ뵽ζһҲ̲סˣҪЩţֻǾ, , ȴԸµ˵ַˣֻܽҾǡ
ʱʱϡʳģ˵Ǿͷˡ
ȵҲͦģϳȥͻˣȻֱӴһţ, ţǲСţ, Ϊ۵ʱ
г޹, Ҳ޵̫ɾ, ȹ޳ˮ뼸ţ⣬ڷаʱͿóţˡ
гɱƬ֮ǰţʱѾóѷ˿ݺˣȽٰһʱڷ֮ƵӣϷ˿ݿƬͿԳˡ
Ժ˺üգȷԼ˯ʱ򲻻ߵ˯һȾʵղֵĻȫԷַ˯ʾʾԺü飬н˼ңĸУǶǷַ˯ģԺҲǲ֪ǲֿ
һ˯磬֮󿴵ûˣ⼸ҲСģү˵Ϣһʱ䣬Ҳȥ
ȶϴˮԺϴ£ԺվӣΪ˯˸þȦҲʧˣɫҲָ˰׾ʮֵˬʵأ
ڸԺ㴩£⻰˵ַ˵ţҲ֪ﲻСľͳȥŪһЩڳء漴̲ס¿ˮС·ǳζǽ
Ժϵ漴ž￴ۣ޳ԵøͦΣ⣬˵ͷ˵Ժ㣬ʲôֻҪʲôǰðá
Ҳ֪ݹأӣǿɾ׵̫ѡԺٲĸƾӹ󣬸Ҫ˵ʵ谮źĹܶͷλǻʵûлʺ󣬼ǻʳӵĸף˭
ŮҲ޷ʵõһҲǽһţǵɫƽƽʮֵƽӹݴʺ󹬲
һ̥ŮǼΪҪġ
үСġ
ԺҲǸ׵ģȻôˣΪʲôƫһֱߣҲõ˳ֵġ
ȥưţôˡԺ˵⻰˷š
ΪϲˣѧգԺӺ棬ĺܽԺӣһе͵ˡ
Ժ㻹ûŵһţζ˯ͷˣǸм̲סһ˵Źġ
ȾͲˮˣķеַ˵û˵ͬĲˣַľǺóԣţ϶ǳóԡ
һǰһĽ˳Ժ㿴ģһԭţƬǷĵ洫Ĳ˵ѰĲ˵ֲͬҪһЩڷһһеʱ򣬵ӭ⣬ֱӴԺһ㣬ŵᡣ

Ժ㺰һ˽ôõأС˵Ǻá
ԺֱǴСȻУû̫·ӦҲ΢һ㣬ڳʳƫҲһЩЩ嵹ҲûдķӦ
ԺѾüû˯ãһʱͶĹǣЦѹԼ֣˵µģһСĵġ
̫ˣ̬̫ݣװסԺ㣬аɣСһЩ
ͷֵͷʼеʱܾĵģƺֻ̨ղž̲ס̧ͷԺÿһεµһҲʼһʼж磬Ҳʮֵͳһ㣬ǿеĻȥŪԺѣžǻˡ
ʵвȥˣ̲סεЦ²˵Ժ˵аɣҲˡ
Ժһϣ֣ïҲһ˵ղԺüͷģŵĶԾؾ¶ѹǵԺĿɲһʱ˵ˡ
˳˳ԺԼĸ첲˵Ҳǲˣ˵ҪʵĶһ̥źãǵҲ̫Щ
Ժ㲻ŲŹ֣ղ̬ǡ ʵҲʮֵģһУҲǸ˵ģϾ˻еģصԼ;Ͳ۲ۣ治
ȥԺ㣬ߵرȵҪƽջҪǰɢʱԺʮֵģ˵ĲǱŮ˵Ŀ죬ԺȴҲǹþòŷ֣ÿθԺɢʮֵʣŷӦ
͸˵ˣԺһֱ·ǰи΢͹ʯ壬ԺֱӰ˵ôһ·ҲԶұȥ
§ԺĲӣЦĿؿڡ
ǰһֱ׷ϲʲôʲôκϵϲúϰߣ˳Ϊ죬Ҫ˵ܱĵĸ˵Ǹ̼֮Ůܼ޸
仰𣬻͵͵Ŀ޹֮ŬҪõ֤ȻǸ̼֮ŮȴҲԵϲԴ˵õϿɡ
յõʲô
ǰԼãõĲĸмϿɣһĶԴҵİ
̧ΣýȢӣԺأֻΪۣͼʹ죬˯һѡ
ԺȴûйĹػϸ£ᣬֱԿܡ
ŽݣԺͰ̫ʦϣ֮󻹸һӭ˵ˡ
ۣԺһڣԺɫһӾͻЦͷ
һţ̺õķ˿ݿƬ֮ǰкõţƬһӵĺɫɫĴĩ̵ɫžڣʳָ󶯡
˺þõţζŨ˿ţƬζʮֵĿɿڣǽ˾õ㾦֮ʵʵӣţŨڿлһԽԽͷ
ԵԵţȻʮֻϲϸʵģȴҲǳԵһ룬ų϶ͷϵĺˮθůģ
Ժԭֻڣ˭֪ԽԽ񫣬һּһ룬žˡ


96 
ţԺԵһͷˮ, ȴҲʮֵʹ졣
һԵȴΪţӴ̼ķ촽, ǳԵķˣôôóԣС⼸춼ˡ漴Ժ㣬˵, ү, û, ر, Сһ߾̫ˣһͣ졣
û˭, ȿŵı̲סЦ, 漴˵ܹܻǼʶѽ, ţĹؼӣصĶ̱ըͻҪţͲС
ԭô, Ҳֲúóԡȼƨַ, 㵱, ŷĳӶȲա
̲סЦˣ, ĺõĶȥˣɲô, ʣ, ܹҪϲ, ǾͶЩ
ţ˼˯⣬֮ǰоͽҪදһһߣԺȥɢ
ͷܴƵģƺҪˣһɫĺӣ洩һܽɫȹԵʮֵȡ
ԺĿͣϣɫ˰ӹȵݹ裬͹˺üڣžһЩѹȥеĻ磬ֵ׳꣬˵ѪգȴҲǸ֮ˣƽʱΪƣǾ࣬һʱ̲סҲ֮С
У͸ˡ
ԺĶˣһͷͿԺڹ裬ֿԼϵĴţ֮󣬾ͷҪһЩԭ·ϣԭ񻣬ԽԳˡ
Ҫ˿»ڶĥȻҲΪˡ ͻȻ˼ңĸоͻѰ֮ͨġ
мԼļֵģû˵ĸѾȥźԺãִ͸Ǽͻݵˡ
ԺѹȥһЩŸ˵˵ͺȻȥס΢΢ʹ·һЩ
Ժûһ㣬ʮҲ˸ղŵġ
ˣǲľïʢɫҲʮֵˣ˳Ϫˮɽߣһ·Ϫˮʮֵöʡ
ߣжһĪĻ㣬ž
ŵҲˣԺлҳֻ󲿷ֶ˵ԺۣܰȺïԶԶĸţȴҲܸ֮ܵ⡣
ֻǺͬյïģĲïʵï£
ïˣҲûʲô£ǡ
ïԭ˵ģȹϵΪܣʮֵףǰľ壬ȥʵѵǲã
ͻȻЩˣïСѾͷ˼ˡ  ȻǱܾˣ˵ⱲӾͼõġ
Ƿ˺ү𣿻˭
й͹ˣʵӵʵǲʺϱƫƫүϲ ƣҲǺͺġֿǰԺ֪˵ʲôԺ̲סЦЦˬʵ쳹ּ䣬ԺҲֻǰŻ飬ڹС̵ϲŭɫĻʵۣԸ㣬иȻַүˡ
ïͷȵ¿󡣡
磬˵öԡ
ï̫ˣȿۣԼȻһˣȴҲǲ鰮˵ҪˣͲҪǴֻǴպϹӶѣֻҪʵŮ׷Ҳʮɵ顣
ïĬ
ʵѵǵļӣ
Դӱľ¥ĳߺ󣬸ƹ˼ӣδӣĵҲպƢҲãмעĿ
ïҡͷǸɹ׵ˡ
һͼˣ²Ǳƭ˰ɣȻ㲻һŮò£˵˼ңѰ˼ĸ㹻ģȻһ򣿿϶ƭ㡣
ïϾ˵ǣһԵĻû˵Լġ
ͲԼһͷϲҲ֪˵ʲôˣֻһĪļ
ïȴȵĻŮ׷ʮɵ飿̲ΰҩʱĽһˣǽġ
ͻȻ˼־ϡ
žͷСϪһֲ˵ǰݣ
ԺЩ죬ҪϾ¶һֻ˵ǲǰݣ
ϸ˰죬ζ˵ǰû漴뵽ʲôһ㣬ͻȻ˵ȻϾҪˡ
ɲǡԺ˵ſĶӣӣвһ¶࣬·еģԤҲĶ·ݡ
ӿЩã̫ˡ
ԺѾʼһʧĵӣȴ˵ӳԡ˵Լ̲ס¿ˮ
Ժ㿴һ̰Եģ̲סЦֻÿɰĲУһڣ˵пʼһһ뷨
ȴʵӵġ˵꿴۶ӣָָ˵϶Ǻˡ
Ժ㿴Ķӣ뵽һֵĺӹԼеֻĿģĶ˵Զ㻹ʲôߵһ׼ȥ
ԺɫᣬҲʮֵᣬһ㣬̲סЦ˵˵ӣǻڶ
ԺЦУȥժ
һԺͿʼժݣָԺ㣬˵ǱߡԺȻû£ժġ
ȴӺʵֻ̬üֱû취üһǱλַˣǿǣΪָ˻ģû顣
ֳȥժһѰݻȥ
Ժȥ鷿һЩȥӣõˣֻҪȥ˶ᶢơ ŪÿЦá
ӲҪõȽгѰݹˮȻ飬ڷŴ׷һȽϲԻ֥ڶģó϶һЩ
һߣԺڿۣտһͷ̲סݺݵĶϣСĵͷ
֪ʲôۣ׸ƾ֮ġ
ȾУͲ˰ɣʵҲǼĲУֻ޲˺һǱкˡ
ʵȴǰѹѹЦ˵ȻҪǾԸˡ
ȾͻȻŻʵ۵˼ˣѵ̥λȣǲ̲βҲ˵ˣĻʮֵĺá
ܿûˣӣ˹˰֭ӣޣŴɿڡ
رǰݵһζǳĶأ;ʮֵ


97 
ɫƯİڰɫ, ˿žʳָ󶯣һž, Ժ㱾ЩʳѰҲûڴǵסԡ
Ⱜݻүժģ⼸, , ŵϾͺ㡣˵һӾ͵Ժ, ָ, ڴĿ⣬˵Ժ, һ, þͻʵӣ¾Ƕҩ, Ҳȥ
ȻԺĿᣬֱ֣ҧһ, ƤŴ, ǻ, ֥ڶģֵ֥ζ˵ǵ, 𣬵Щ, Ϊ˰ݵζ, ǡô
Ժ㲻ϲʳ, Ҳ
ϲ̲˱Ժ֮ǰ̫εһգһӾͲˣڼ˺üգû
ΪողɫЩ԰ףï̲ס࿴ۣųž͵͵İѲˮĺ衣
̲ï״漴ˮȻɫĺ轲裬һʱ̲סۣï͵ŲиողɫãҪһ˵ĵĴ˹С˵Ƿ˸ӣҸɣϲɳڶĻǻ֥ڶģ
ïʮľҪŵӡ
̲νմľïѣҪҲûʵѣҲΪ˾ܾị̈˼ҵ⣬ôģĴš
ǿï̬ Ҳ֪ïʲô˵ԼһǴһԸǲ֪ïʲô㺣Ȼͨϴε飬ïûзζûˡ
̲ξòܵ˼ҺùʱӦӲľܾһأǿַѽƽʱְʳ͵ֵˡ
ǾֶһЩ̲˵Լ죬ïȴЦüģ˵ĲУ˵ҸŪһЩ
̲κܿͳԵӣ˵ǺóԣζžʤȺͻϣݷŵǡôȲɬܵס̫ζãʮֵ
ï̲һˣϧûˣʣ㣬´ٸһЩ
̲Ͼ֣ص˵ï²̫׵
֪ïȴ⣬˰˵Ҿǡ ҽôѧһЩƤëԺҲ㲻ǡ
̲ŷ֪ïľУҪѧҽ´ï˵̫޶ˣѧϣѧһƤëҲаɡ
ïˣȴͻȻ⻰
һӣ϶ζȥԡһǽͷҪѵģһ򣬵ò̲ζһ
ǹⲻȥ˵ϴϿζïһЩ
̲ȴιͲˣʱס
Ȼϣ̲һ̥ԼҲʮֵĽţ̲κĲΣǾùⲻȥҩأ
̲ǲҽָʾ⻰ܶ˵Ҳ֪ϴĸ֣ҩѾȥˣһڷԡ
кαԷƱ֮áȻï̲ΰססҪӣȻҪԶһ㣬ֲܺһ𣬾Ͱ˿ɽǱߵСԺ
˵˻̲ξ͸ԺʱģȻȣ̲ǰҲԶԶļһΣһĽˣȻ紫ǰ㣬ǸټӣͦΣӢͦƱˣԾѹӡ
ԺԱߣ豭һڣʵô
֪Ժݣ̲ȴѾ³߰˰ˣһҲûݹصĹˣοҳҪǰλСĻشƽȵġ  һжܺãүõġ
Ժ˵ͷ˵ȥߡ
ճԹţȻҪһģֻϴ裬æһ磬Ϊƣ룬ֱϴ˯ˡ
վͲȥ˰ɡ
Ժȴ֣˵㲻еģ⻰˵ġ˵꿴۲̲Σ̲ŵһվϾ͵ү˵ǣûҪһ
ԵģԺ죬ϼʤգǾߵԺһߡ˵ǰס޼ģ
̲ڳЩɬ漴룬Ժ̲γסԺҪУǱⲻˡ
ԺֺҪʵˣұ
̲סЦĿȴȫۣ˵ĸͷүţ˵ңôһߣ
ԺݵǾ߹ȥǱ
˵ЦĳţһԵĲ̲ȴģԹԣҲٷޣҲûжģԺҲټ ҪԺ̫ˣһŶզࡣ
ϼȻɫϦԺһжȾ˶Ŀĺ죬Ժļϣһ䣬ֻƽ
Ժλɵţ̲סס֣ϾҪ˵ģϻмӣŲȴĽϲ
֪һ˫֣ԵĲȣԺ󻹻ǵĺǡ
һ뵽мĶӣкһɵŮķˣⳡѰճеĿֺ֣γأ
ȻϦ˯ˣԺ˱ġ
***
̫ţȻЩĲɣָһĢ⣬ŹŮˣֲˣָָһ㣬ǹŮһ̫һڣù嵭ȴζ
Ҳ֪ôˣԽʱּҴҵ˽˵»ˡ
̫һ˵ǻˣһȥ߰գͲˡ
ε˵֮ǰű³ȥ˵ʲôôջ񣿡ֵγȥͻȻִã˵ǡ
̫ͻȻ뵽Ժ̲סдģ˵׼
˿˱˴һۣ̲סȸԾ飬̫ҲԲȥˣⲽãȻʲôʱ
ֵղǱߴ˵ԡһӦʰˡ漴ͻȻʲô»ӹ˵ģ˹
صҧ
ùơ
ĺƯԲɫ͸õгĿ飬̫һڣ̲סֳһڡ ŻʵʱѾˡ
ʵһ̫ʳ̫ȥ԰䣬·ϻʵ̫յ״֪һҲͷˡ
̫˼Ȧž˵㣬ű˵ղȥôñ˰ɣ
ʵߵʱе㲻ᣬ಻ģҲһֱţ̫⻰һʱסһŵɲҪϹˣûе飬ķȥߡ
̫ʵȻϣֲ̬ԣһʱѵˣ


98 
Ժߺ, еȻʧģԼ֮ͺ, Ҳǻ᲻, Ҳ֪˲ദ, һȴǸܡ
Ӹ, 뵽еĺ, Ҳܿ, ΪһӾˣȴУǽϲѡ
Ϊ˸еĺҲҪǿ
ôһͳ뿪, ֮ǰţ, ϸѧ߰˰˵, ѾĿζ, 䲻, ҲʵΪ
һȹţ˿, ˲ˮ̾, ֶ˹̽, һӣң֪ϲ, Ӹӣ˼Ԥ, ÿնժ, ͿճԵӣˡ
, ӣҲˡ
һӣ, յر, Ҳʱ䵽, ͸ԭѾе㷢ˣһʮӣҡ
Զ˻ʳһԶţԼͣŷ֣Ҳԡ
ֲġȻ˵ּԣԶˣҲ˵ͦ⼾ڵӣóˡ
˵лѾʼӵСѣÿնϲԽģ˸ƣ˵㣬ūϸ۾
Ҳûѣڻ̫磬ֻǿŲóһСӵǸСǶҲͱȰƴ˶٣廨鵽ӽ۵Ƥ滹ииڳģ˴ĸ֣Ϊɰ
˼ֱ֣ҪôС𣿡
ģӻׯӣḻ˵Ϊأľôǽָͷһģϣɰˡ
ĶˣҲһѣŮȻǼõģǰòѧһգȻϲҪеĺѣͻȻڴ
˾Ҫѣ·ݳʱ䣬Ҫ׼һЩѡ
˵Ҫи͵Ѳϲ˵СĿ糣ż˵ˣүôģѵ⺢ӾҪ𣿡
ʵˣ˽϶֪һ˭֪Ϳ˶ģ鵹ˣүҲΪ˸ģǺüһһգٵҲûϢ
ʵҲʣ£żѽôƶУҲʵǼѣҲһ㣬ʱûкӣڿǲˡ
˺ӣҪи˵ǡ
ԺĻҪһЩʱ䣬Ժ㣬Ȼô˵ˣ϶˰ţֻҪԺһģûʲôɾġ
Ժкͳ˲ͬҪĸɣ϶ǲ˵˵ô򵥣Ȼ谭ԲȥݼĸҲǳ֮С
˲֪Ҳ֪żͰԺ˵һ飬ϲԽҲͣϾˣ˵ˣүǡ ˵žͺȦʲôݣ˵ⷬҲʮֵĳˣҲ̫żô¶ɲһġ
Ȼ뵽һȥˣҲڷġ
׻һֵǧҪүҲʮּˡ
֣ǳ׳ԺһɣҲ֪Ժѣ˵ͷ˵֣֪
˵һȥߣԺûмˣʵϸǳţ𣿡
ԸˣȻͰˡЩۣ˵Ҫ˵̫󷽣˭Լȸϡţ˿Ҫָ˵ģ
ȴһѵóһأ˵Ʊж񱨡˵ſ۶ӣĸȥ˵ҲǸӻˡ
ΣûŵʱҲ󷽣ϴλһŲǣ
̲סЦһʳʡҲ÷ƣһǸã
Ȼ֪ƣϧȻʱҲӣֻοϾԼһֿųġ
ï˳Ѿ߶һ̣ʵǲǸеģ˵ͷϾ͵㻹ûŰɣճţɱȥ˾ûˣҸ͹ȥ
СѾߺǲï㣬ⲻʣϾҵĻ
ïЦ˵ʲôʵģһź˵ģһæǣ˵ŲѧҽⲻҪһ㣿
СѾͻ˵Ǿͷïˡ
ïߵĴѾߣȻͬЩСǲҪģïҲΪѧҽͽҪТʦ쾭塣
ïʳȥ˲еסԺ̲д֣ϰ߰ƽʱĲ鶼¼ʲôӣ״ΣԺԱȡ
ã鿴û
пϽïԭǣΪïʶ֣ï˵ѧһ㣬Ժչоͬˣһ飬ȥ
ʵһҩͼϸĻ˸ҩĺ͹Чï
ïѹûȵĻŮ׷иɴҪҽڽӽУչҵרҲǲ룬ԾԼѧãʱƿˮ춣ǳ
 ïʳУϾ˵ûгԹǷţ˿
Ȼ̲ϾͶʳп漴ζ˵㡣
ï˵Ƿʲôóԡ
̲ζïΪԵĺöЩԲ˵ɲǣҲֲï˲١
ï
˵һεţǳģζҲ߰˰ˣȴǰ̲˳˵ζпɣַġ
㶼Եĳ
̲ΰȻĵͷ˵ζҩ
ïˣܿţĲּ̲˸ղŵĻ⣬㿴˶٣
ïȫ㲻ֻ˵ʵûء
̲ɫһӾͲˣ˵ҪѧҽǾı£ҪѧǾǵɱ
ïһӾŵˣϾ͵ͻȥ
֮ïֱ಻ԣ̲γÿûˣеĺܣͶ飬ÿҪ٣Ƕ٣ĥҩģȵȡ ٺïȥɽϲҩ˵ۿ飬ȥۿһ
üһϾ͵˶ˣȵúܣȴֻͷ󺹵ĸŲ̲βҩԭչͲȥˣ֪ïҪѧҽ֮󣬸˵ĲУֱӾ˵̲εҽǲ򵥣Ҫúѧ
ïֱᣬֹ˼գѾʲôҪŮ׷ˣÿնҪܶҽ飬Ҫʱʱȥɽϲҩɹҩģĥûգ
ò̲μΪĿôϹۣ
***
һת۾͵˶磬ﻹΪӵֵúףУΪӦֱӲˣ˻ȥʣ¶һѧҵҲȥӹڽݣȻǱĸ߻ˣһһһ۵ûԣ
ֵǻʵ֪Уȴ˵ʲôʱӽҲ˵ͣõ顣
ȱϾҲǼʶ㣬ĻڸȥʵͬϷһģҲ;ԼƺһЩ
ڵʱҪۣʵҲȥŷͿʼ׼ӣʲôɳӣֻߴŴӣϱ˰Եա
Щӣɫϸһ𣬱һ׵˴ϣһķʽȻڲܶŵһ͸̫Ļ͸ʵ۵ġ
ʵȻ˵ʺܻϲ
Ҳ˵ĲУϾʵһЩˣͻȥЪϢˡ
ʵڹס˺üգʵһֱĲֶ˹磬͸ЩסˣŻҪȥգͳ˹ȥ˱Ժ


99 
ڰ, ϲգĸǸϲգÿһĶڶֵζ
Ȼĸײ, ǻ, ⼸˻, Ǻ档
ï⼸ռֱ಻, պ׽Ҫܴһ, ̲סʵ, ˣʲôū澻ǵһμ˵ҪȥһȴǱִ֡
ֵ, ôһ, Ƿܹ˵үϲ, ġ
ï˵, ӲŴģ漴ֵ, , 
һƬҶþ͵˻, ˽, Ӱϣһǳʮֵ, ⻰˵, ȥ˼, , ǲѡ
ūôûԵѽï˵
Ц, , ʱŲȥɽϲҩȥˡ
ïֱ, ҲǲӣǾԼûźȻô¶֪
УȥˣҪȥ̲˵ѧˣ
ʱ򣬲̲˹մһϸ޵Ķ̺֣·Ȼ̫ܷʣ˿ϵҲǶһ
̲ЩڱԺסţסǺԭݵݣһЩɫҲܺã˶Եþȵġ
̲ιʱÿż͸Ժӣڵס⣬γһ񣬵Ҳȡ
ֽǰӵַɿ죬һԱͶ˲٣Ҳ֪Ա˵ʲôЦԺʮǢ
̲ķǳϲԺգǸģҲʮֵĺ˵ҲǺͺģסҲǺġ
̲ζ˺󹬻ʲôӣ
̲˹ʵУϲԵհɣïءϸģ֮ǰʹ˴ҵϲã֪̲ϲԵգ׼˲ϣïϾïĵӡ
̲֮£ѾûʹϲˣŸϲԵϡ һʱ֪ʲôζȥïֱܲÿĵӣҲ˳һЩ˵⼸չڣݸɡ
ïҽڲѧˣʵѧȥˣ̲ͻȻôͨŪ׼˰ĻҲû
̲μïɵ㶵ķΪ̫ˣ˵ôҪ
ҪҪһҪȥأïһ뵽Ϣ˵ĲУʶľһ䣬УҪҪһ
ղ̲εԸǷǳԸֵģ˵ҲеԸְӵ飬ïҲǿһ䣬̲£˵ҾͰ
ï
Ժһ·ɫ̫ã⼸շΧ̫ãҵ˱Ժ£ԺӣڵģһʱҲ
Ժ㣬ȻǻϲĿᣬЦʵүҪҪһ
Ѿʮֵĵˣģʵ۾ûвӦģʲôǰջȥɽϸժݣ
ȣиȻ֪ԺݣǾǲ̲Σ⻰ûվǰôܸһӣҲ̫ »᲻ᷢŭ
һʱ֪ģǵԼҲǨŭʱԺ˵һûǾԡ
̲һûȣƤڵϣȥˣһȻģԺ¾ǺѰ飬̲̲סţ֪һ죬ַ֪ʵ۵ʵݣǲҲ
ȿ̲εķӦֹҲһ
Ժϴ֮ѹ̬ҲԱߣ˰һְֵĽԺΰ˵ʱһģġ ʱͰ
ԺĲãȴϲ⽻˵⼸үģһ֮ù
Ĳãͱˣ͸˰ɡԺ˵
ȴ֣үһΰӣرԡ˵ӣ˵ӿ϶Ҳôġ
Ժ㱻ĸˣԺֻҪϲһǳԡ
˵ŻȥЩˣڴϾ⣬Ժ㱧ģ˵˯ɡ
ĲУԺߣһеζΪİģҲΪеԵʣҪӺ׽Ҳˡ
үҲһ˯ԺĻҵһƣȻ˵ĸ첲ӲҲЩӲģŮӵΪˣаȫС
һʹȵĺԺ㿴Ŀһתͷ̽ͷ̽ԵģָָԱߵȣȾֽȹ
ԺȣĸӣʱʱһĶӣ۵׵ἸҪˡ
˯һӶˡ
ְԺĶ˹ϲԵڶ滹̵ƣһŴǳóԡ
ԺԵ㣬ԼģȻֶֿһӹȥƤһȻǻɫ׵ӡ
ճһӣһָŻ˵ʹܹܣ˵ϲӣֲպиӾҾһЩָ⻹ǵһҲ֪ϲĿζ쳢
ΪһͰĻӣֲ࣬ԺʱѾȥˣԺûп
ǽӲӵĻɫʮֵĿɿڣҧһȥŴζ̵ķǳóԡ
ԺϲζȻǸ˵ģһһȭͷСίʵСǺܶķˡ
ż仰Ĳ˵ģӵζԺϲһƬϡ
мزˣ˵Ҳʮֵķʢ
һߣ̲γïӣ̲ס˵ïյǲ
ïʦҪϲԡ
⻰˵еһʱ̲εۿïïû֮ǰļ£ӶôѲ̲Σѧҽˡ
ΪʲôôãΪʵǸˣҲǱԺķΧ̫ˣҶڵģ˽ġ
ïһԵеŤŤģȻ˵ܲܲҪÿ챳ôˣ
̲ɫһӾͺˣ˵Уʵʵģúѧҵ
***
ųԹԺȥɢճȥɽϣּ֣С·ϣϵķ񶼱İԺ˵Ҽﲻ̫ȣ˼ȥи⣬⺢ӻһ㣬ίˡ
Ͳµô˳ԼУʱκεĴ̼ǶԺӲãԺ뷨ȻҲ׵ġ
ֻҪүһģûп粻ȥĿ
ԺһӾͱ


100 
ڶǶ, Ҫںۣǻʵۺ̫Ҳȥǿֵ, , ȥˣɽ˺ļΪ֡
ﻹǵһھǹ, һֱۣе۶ӶǾͷֻ̼ǹǳ, ļΪң˵ͷʵĶ, ÿ˶ܵõͽ˵ܱʵټ
ǰ껹ΪΣ顣
Ϳʼ׼ˣһʹ, һˮɫɴȹᱡ, ͷҲոµĵ䷢ڡ
ӼΪùõļ޸̫ԭ, һӾͷ츲صģӸ˹ְ, Ҳ˳˳ļ޸ΪڸΪҡ
ڲŹ˼׬ǾͲ˵, սҲ, Сûгӣͷ沼ƥֻҪҪͿ򵽡
Ҫʲô, ʹ˵Ҫ, û, ̫, Ҫӱ㣬⣬ƣһ͵ּʮˡ
ǼױӣӺҲ˵ÿ껹һʵķֺ죬ʮֳˡ
ϣϴΪѵ÷ż٣׼ڼúϢһǵ϶緹ĵʮֵƯСȻΪ˸ЦǴż棬ϲ
ྴĹ˼գȻҲ߰˰ˣ˵ҲǲʱʹľҪˡ
Ȼݲã滹и̫Ϊʵ۶ƫһ˽п֮ˣϲɣ㿷֮ޣиۣԺڻʵǱˡ
ζҪһģһûôԹˣòСźţҲ˼˼Ҳͻ࣬ɫ
̬˵ĲУ˵ˣӡ˵ͰӶ
Ȼ緹ǲɫ٣ɫζȫһĵġ
Ҳæˣϻû԰ɣ˵ָָԼԵλã˵һ԰ɡ
ϲ⣬ԴӴ֮ҲսսģǱˣϾ⻹ûŮӼ޹ȥŹġ
ſӣʱûθڣϲ԰գκεϣմǳԣζҲͯõĻ䡣
۶æÿʱʱܻһո
ôˣϲԱǻգ⻹ġæ˵Ѿӡ
ѹеʧ䣬һӾͳڣֺһڼ˿˵˰ɡ
֪󲻸ˣ֪ΪʲôˣǲӲϿζҲ˴ϲãɶ£ٻؼˣڳˡ ֮ǰһ붼ȥ˱ԺʣµֱǮ﷢ķҲûõˣʲ
ԽԽǷ֣ã޸һ״Ԫɵķһ·ٻͬ⸮ۡдܿĸʮֵĲ򵥡
ˣͻȻͺߣҲ˵ô򵥣滹顣
µľ Ӧ֮ǰ̫ˣ˾ƴȫҲһչܵϾ˭Ҳ˭ӵĳ档
ȻǾòˡ
ۿҪţٲȥֺãû´ΣżȴǲУҪ쵮òУסæ˵ˣղҲ˼٣ȥɢɢ˵ÿ궼ʮֵ֡
ͷżɬֵ˵Ǳи飬ȥһ󡣡
ϲûкá ͱ統ı£ε۲ΰԣҲûк֡
ǲϲ֮ȴҲûɷǣűߡ
ŵĶȴͻȻ˵һ׼³еѡ
͸ˡ
ﲻܸɣʮǮױҲùһָ㣬ټϿϻӣϵҲܹȥ
ȻҪǮﲻͬһ檣һޣ檿˲˵ʲôȴǲС
˵ĲУæѹ
ֻǵûеȵһȥԭȥﲮھеҩ̣˵ҩǼٵģӾͰִˡ
Ĳģǹ˴ҲûеùϢ
ӼҵӣȥӼӵүøв˵ͳȥѾǰĲҲ׽ˡ
޵ȥģˣҪ취ѽǺˣҿϺ󣬲Ȼûˡ
ȴǺ󱳷˼ȦǮɲǾһӼұ᲻ǣ̫ϣʵЩˣҪٶЩ飬Ͼˮ㣬˭Ҳ˵һֱġ
ҪصĺòˣӼ¡ Щ˵׼漴ĻҪ͹˼ߵ̫񱻲ĿĲ
ͼÿһ̧ͷͿ׵Ŀ⣬ҹе˺¡
ȥҹùáԥԥ˵
***
źã֪Ϊʲôر֪ʲôĶˣ᲻ǰԼӣգ
ԽԽķѾȥˣǳʵүҪ˸𣿸ղСŷ˼Ҵҵȥ˹˸ǳΪ׷ȥģȴ˵ȥɽıԺ
ǾȣҲûж˵Ͼ͵С֪ˡ
ԺϾԶ뾩ǣ󼸺Ҫ˯ţŵˣŽߵıԺȻЩ
ǵõôġ
ԥʱ򣬿ָѾ˳ĵĻȴǺĴС
УȻóţǱôһô졣
ï֣һǲȥˣһڼңҲġ
ȴȥؾУ˵˯ڼҲﲻʲôָָںĲ̲˵˻Ųȥһ䣬һӣҲʲôܲǣ
ïǲź̲ˣòϢ£ֻҪһ𣬾ҽϵݣҪǴȥ±ȥ
Ϣ
һ˸ߵſڣͿɫǱñɷŭĲУקï䣬ݺݵʵ˵У
ïԭŵˣô˵һˣǷ˺ûһĹϵͺˣūһ˵ĶƲ㡣
ôУǲ
ïĿڲԵ˵ֻ˵û£Ҳ̫˵


101 
ʵǷĲ, ֮ǰ˰ڱԺ˵ԼӣǴҲѰ, ͸һĻԺһ, ҲһЩˡ
Ȼ˰ľܿΧ£˹
ïĻð, ˵, Ѿͷ治֪, Ҳ㣡
ۿҪִ̧ïӣվľȻǲ̲Σ԰ףǲС, һӾץס֣˵, , Ϊڸ󳼣ӦΪӷ, ΪսѲ, ôգ
̲˿Ų, ˵Ļȴоݵģ侲
һȴַй, ˽пӡǰ, ӼҸǣҩĵķ粨ȥ Ǳİ, ʲôˣǿǻʵ۵ұ, ûּ⣬ôж
ҪŪã˵̫ڲҲᱻǣȥҪиõ ޣǾ͸ˡ
ǲʱ֦ģֻǾôȴǲģ˺ü˵ҪǷˡ
ˣǷ˴˿̲㣬ذɡվ˳˵
ɫ࣬Ų֡ ֵǸˣһʱͷȴǴ粽á
ˣҪū澡
һҪʵǲʱ֦ˡ´˰
˵ŤͷߣתʱͿԺģһֱڶĿ⣬˿ݡ
֣漴־ƣЩƺһĿһԺֿһ飬Ѳӣʱ;о죬ⲻǹе
ôֻ˭ܵǣ
˼ȥҲûиͷһʱģ̲סͷײ³ᣬֱŵĳ򾪽г
ˣ
û£ĳͷĺ
򵽵˭
󼵶ʵ۾ͨ죬ֻԴ֮󣬾ûһ˳ĵģ̲ס˵ȥײ
սսİ˻ȥÿϻȻǿ޹۾Ǻ׵ģ¶һĨЦ˵ˣ˴˴Ӧˡ
пһµģΪʲôûȥ˸ǵĹ̫ܲסϵİ󣬼¡
ûõľҪϲϷңȻ̫Ѿûˡ
Ŀ⽥ñ䡣
ˣĶͷô£￴ͷײʱĺۣΪ׵ĲС
ȴǵҪҡ˵Įľת˽ȥ
һʱ޴룬뵽е飬̲סصĿ
***
ԭï׼ȥۣȴһʱֻû飬˵ïŲȥɡ
أ
ȥˡ
ïʱȥˣʵҲǵ˵Ҳķˣȥˡ
ͬʱȥ̲Σ̲˵ۣҲա
ֵĳȥּҴҵĻȥ˯ԽԽ࣬СѾһԸĴӡ
ïһŲ˵ڵҪ£ȥɣ
ֵͷһȥ˸ƣϵĲ̲Σ̲εҲ
ïĺܺãʱͦأ˵ʦҽ
ãǼïǴõģʡ
Ϊ֣Ҳû̫࣬ïһ뵽ڿӮһβ̲Σܸʦʱ;
ϴּ֪֮ûȥȥ˶᷿ȥǴƣò֣һȥͿ˶վ
ùңǴǵġ˵⻰ʵïǲְǵͭǮӮˣ
ǣï˵ˣǰԤ֧¸µ𣿶ˣء
죬ɨһ۾Ϳ̲ǰһͭǮ˵û뵽Ǹ֡
̲ȴҸѧʵ档
㲻ȴҵǮӮˣ
һʼïΪ̲β棬û飬һʼ֣һֱӮֱզࡣ
ˣҴɡ
Ҳм⶯ï̵ģƼȻǱïǿԭһ棬ôӮͼľһ֣񿴵һ֣ʱʣҪһᡣ
һӮˣŲ̲η˼󣬾ȷĳѧߣΪ⼸ƶǸйأֻж֪
ǲ̲εѧϰǳǿξѾȡѵٷˡ
ѵʱȻӮˡ
ʱ£Ͳ̲ĴĲֺԭʹ翪ʼܿͺˣƵ˻˼ȥȥˡ
ͻȻŲ˺ˣүˡ
Ժԭǳ鲻ģߵʱ򣬿Ŀ⣬Ȼ棬ȴһֱĵš
͸̫˵һֱ˱Ժ
̫һʵ۲عˣʱĿʹʮζĻʵģѵô󷽵˵ȥɡ
ʵۣ
Ժ·ϣָʹ½ˣ½ͰӼҵ鶼˵ˣֿѵҩһǼٻ
ʵӵǵ죡
½ԥ£˵£Ӽҿǹ̫ң
ôʲôʱ첻µزµ½Ҳʼհǰ˺ʵ˵ŵ½ϾվΪˣϾϰ֮ˣܿסӡ
ˡ
ʵ۵ֻȥӣأʲô
΢ּ
ʵ½ȵľǻʵ۵仰һԭΪһҩĵİӣȻǣӼңӼǹ̫׼ңӼһиһŮ޸ڸ󳼣ˣһһ˳Ծ
½֪ΪʲôʵҪӣҪǽ£û˸Ҷ
Ȼʵ۷˻ҲͰˡ
Ϊ£ԺܲãֻǵŽԺӣɫͻֿ࣬ڸ˴ֵģմΪͬһʱʵĲУֺ˼֡
ԺЦ˵үһ֣
ԺȻǻģ˵ͷԣãЩᣬԺ˵պãЪҴ򡣡
ԺѵôʣҲɨԣԭλϣ˵ͿŰɡ
֮ǰ̲λ²ģֵĿ֣ʵʱ;ĲУֲϯһʱŵĲС
üһӮʵۣ
ŴƵʱƵƵķ˺ü֣̲ξ׼мˣԺ˵ɲҪңȻҶ˰档
üһ⻹ˣ
̲μԺ˵࣬Ҳҷˮˣƹˤ˵һʼӮһһֵģȻӮĶ࣬ԺĻ档
־ϲɵԺ˵ү
ԺĿ۵׵Цˡ


102 
Ъһ, ׼ȥƣ˵ûүܸϻ, ѵùڣҵȥӼȥ
ԺҲ֪ϲ⿣ҲûţֻԼ, ʲôѾȥǡ
ͷ, ïһֱԱ߿Źӿ, , Ͼǰ˵ˣūȥɡ
˵Żߣﴫï, Ƽܹƻ, ϴͼƻͦóԵġ
Ц, һʵ, òһ, ŲмȻˡ
ǲ֪жݡ
㱳ôණ𣿡Ծʵ
ǰ
˽нԶ, ̲μï˻ûԶͿʼߣһʱЩΣŵĿԺķӦ, ȴЦ߶, ϵɫȴԽ, Ȼϲճ
̲һˣ˵ԺˣסҲʮֵɫˣʳʮֵĺϿζҪķΧǳڡ
ˣƾҲɢˣֻʣ»ʵۺͲ̲Σ̲μʵ۳Լ˹һӾվ
ǵվֲ֪ôԥԺ㵭˵ҩѾȥˡ
ôһ仰ȴò̲ΰٸн뵽ԩӣһʱ̲סᣬҪ˵ж᲻ᵯȴδĴ
лүֱ̲Ӿ͹
Ժ˰֣̲ȴǲϣһֱᣬԺ㵹Ҳûǿ󣬵£ҪиһԺ˵Ŀ䣬ҲʮֵӲ˵ɱʮġ
̲Ͼ͵үģַ˶СҲжԸСҲҪȫҪиһ˵СԸϡ
Ժ˵ͷ̲εǸĵģסĻ
ȥ˳ҪҪƻ㣬ʱϡѣƻǺ㣬ֲںߣȣҪʵ͹Ҫһģ϶մڵؽı飬ԽļҪ⻹
ҲܴһĽӣζУȻʱˣҲûζʳġ
ǽտƻʵ̲סˣϲ⿵˶һ飬õʳľͻҪһ
֮ǰѾóƹˣˢۣȻõӴӺпȡ㽺ȥθɾ˾Ϳˡ
Ȼôнˮݼʱˡ
Ͻݵģ˿ԼˣŵѾûζϵʱűš
ˣù𣿡ʵ
ҡͷ˵ôõ㣬۾˷ˣôֱӼˡ
ϰķԸ̳޲ˮֱ֣˹һʹζï̲ס¿ˮ˵ˣҶ̲סˡ
̲סЦ˵и廵ģȳ˰ɡ
˵Ϊûպû㣬ļˣΪ಻þͲˣʵζһġ
ïϲ⣬ЦšǸá
ųһ⣬ƻʵرۣΪ֮ǰƹûһζóֻȥ壬ûмκεϣԭζʡ
ĥ£ԽҲͼ廵һʣ¶ܺãִ෺ƣʮֵƯ
Ժ㿿һ߿һߵ뿪ȻȣΪɽУǱȾˡ
ԿɽϵľɫԶⰻȻŨ̵ɫ˿žʮˬܿʹŲ˵ԺȥӭӹȻַ˹
ԼҲע⣬ߵĺȵҲûˣǲ־ïֻѾӡ
ԺڵԼ¶һĨЦĵǴյ⣬ߵǰʵүȼ˰ɣϾͿԿϯˡ
Ժס֣һһ˵ϳʲô
׼١
ϸʧӺ档
***
Ժ㲻׼ͲֵһԵģ˵ֺïԼһ㣬ԺˣǾͲˣ⿪һԼԣԼԺš
Ժһڻƻ㣬ֻƤִ࣬۽ʵʵζһԼһһιԡ
ƻ̱ͺ٣Ժȴİʹ̸˳ΪıȽ϶ࡣ
ŷֺ͵ǰѾûˡ
һźţĿˣúõһ㣬ŪòˣַԸԲŹ֣ղҲǰæԺ㲻ϲҪԼŪҲԺΪ飬Ҳ÷ɣ
˲Ūģ·ϵõ飬Ǳ㻹󣬽ộˡ
ȴүֵɾһҲûС
ȣãһԸһԸҲֲûʵϲַˣôƽ⣬˵Ϲ
ȻԺϵЦݾֹֹסˣҪʢѼ֭Ũףе㣬ʮֵĺúȡ
ϾͿʼóģѾȫζˡ
ԺʢԼһڣʢһ׵ݵԺĸǰ˵үҲպãǳŨʡ
Ժͺһڣ漴ܵ
ȻȾͿʵιһʵ۸һӵͰϣĺò оԼǸģֻ޲ðԼƼȴ̲סţºַ˿Ǻѽ
ֻԧ첻Ҳ˵ɡ
һԵȣʵվĺԶվ棬ֻ΢΢¶һ½˿ȴֲŵķʽ
˵ܹܣïǼڸţҲһȥ԰ɡ
ȸæ˵ˣСĲ
չڣͲźˡ˵žͿԺ㣬ԺϾ͵ģҲȥúóһ١
˻ʵ۵ķԸȻҪӡ
ȥ˸ڶᣬѾˣïȺǸˣϽֺ磬ƻ̫óˣҪǳԲ£ҿǻٳһ˵Ŵ˸ãӡ
ϴЦȴǵѪüһǲ֪ⶫж󡭡 ҲַôЩǣȥïæ˰ֻƻ㡣
쳢
ïϵĿ⣬־Ҫ˵ѾͷԣҲôۣųһڣ̲סզ࣬Ǻóԣ
ٺ٣Ե㡣
ʢһЦ˵Ҳ
һʱǢʮֵĺ˵ʲôζֻӿůůġ
Ҳͳһ˵ȥˣȳԡȻ˵˵źˣ˵ȴûɫʵҲǵ


103 
Ƕ, ּұԺֵģȻҲйĲģ˼ҡ
˼ҵĴϻҪ, ҲǸ֮ˣ˾ˣֻ־;ܿʹǹٻؼң֮Ͱ˸ѧ, ʮҵҵ, ˲ٵĽʿү, Ҳн, ڼСһˣǳӣҪ̳мҵֵܣǶΪհ
˼ҵĶְ, Ȼǲܻ, Դ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ǹ˼ڹ˸Т˳˴ˡ
ԭӦֵļ, ΪӼҳ, Ūʮֵѹ֡
ϯϴҴҵĳ˷ɢ, Ŵ˼׷˹˼Ҵ, ˵磬ôߵô죿˼ϴվס, չȥ˵, ˵, ׻᲻ܣ
˵־ԭҲǶģ˴ûкǽ۵ɾ£ǼŮģҲǱ̵зֵܼҲûҸʮֵĳϢ˼ҵһҲʮֵķï
϶ʺ;ԭԺѼеϣ˼Ҳż㷱ʢȥ
˭֪ĸײ֮󣬹̫˸ôСӻСһμʱ򣬿۵ӣ˼ϴ󶼲֪ôںĸס
ʱԤвãȻԴŮ˽ţǸһֱĸ׿ʼϺͿ顣
˼ϴ˵ҲżߣҸӼҲƨ𣿺Ǻǡ
ǸͬӼˣ
˼ϴѾʹˣӼֶŮŽЦųŵģӦ֪ô¡
ֵܳĬ˰죬üԭⲽ磬²ѽ
ֺγ֪ǣǸһĶϣǰҲûȰǰ˵ĵģͷֻҪһޣ׾ͺ޲ðӼ͸ãЩǿ͸ˣȰˣ˼ϴ˵
Щ¶ˣǽ¿ɷǱѰ˼˵⻰ϴֹ˼䣬˵Ĺ˼ϴɫһӾͱˣģ
ǽָʹ½ģ
˼ڣȴΪףȻ˵ˣǾûˡ
磬ѽ
˼ϴߣȥʵ
̫ҲҲãӼֵеͷ֪ǲùܵģ˶ôģõ󡭡 Ϊɷûиһͬɼ̬ȣǿǱᣬֲľܾ
ȻҲ֪ģٷʢ磬ԵļΪûôԾɢˡ
л˵
־Ҫ㡣
һȥ鷿̸ãʹˤй̫ŭӵĻСѾվµսľģһҧתͷȥ˹˷˵ķС
Ȼңǹ˼ϴĻһȻΪ⣬ǵˡ
***
ԺȻڱԺһʱ䣬Ͼ߲˵ﻹ̫ڱԺ˶磬̫ǱҲ£Ҫȥһ㣬ڶ׼ȥˡ
ȻϵˣԺ˼˺ͻƻ㣬˵ϴ˵Ϸ˺ϲԣҳһЩ漴ָ˻ƻ˵½˼ģԵʱ¹¾ˡ
Ժϴţнˣϲ
˵زУǾͺá
ģСģǽۣԺ˼ĸϱĲҪĸźˣ쾭顣
Ժ㲻ϲίһ㶼롣
Ժסĺ󱳣Դӵ֪пʼԺֵĶʮֵᣬǶԴĴһ㡣
㣬ֻô˾ôС
Ϊж̼ǵõ޸֮ҪʮֵĿ̣ζҪõǵϲĸһֿŵˣһʼûǰί
Ժȴ˵ùĸ׻ϲ
ԺŵʱǾܵģԴпʼͷԼʮУƽ飬Ӱֿ
һŴѳ׼ȥ̣ѾڼЪˣҲȥƣǶ磬үԺԷүȴǲϣǿ϶Ҫȥʺһġ
ڲ̲˵ĻܺãҲԳţֻҪ̫žˡ
ڻ£ͻȻŲһͷͿԺȻȥ˵ʲôζ֮һӾ;յĵطˡ
ƿҪϵïתȥӭԺ㣬߹ȥһӾͶĻ
Ժߵĺܼæס˵㡣
˾ıһɻʵүôˣ
˰㡣
ԺһҳϵҪϣ˵Ű̥ҩģдʦĿĻ
֪Ժȥ£λһλĵõɮ˺ǻϲ˵Һϲ
˱һ˵һʵҲû˵ʲô˵½յֻ˵һҪȥʲô飬Ժ벻˵Լ񣬵ϲ˵Ƕô飬ӡ
˶ʮֵĿһʱôݶԵ
ôҪ˷ֿʱ
ΪԺİοһû֮ǰôˣԺ֮󣬾ȥּǻһֱʮֺ𣬵иʮծҲͷۡ
ǰռţĸ˵ԭ⼸վ׼ģǼֶŮҪϲ£˾֮ͺѻȥ׼ϲٹ
Ƿﻹд۸ţ˵ȻĸǺ⣬ϾСûڸĸ߳Сʱĸĸýˣĸĸһ٣ĻҲʱȥϲơ
ʱŷֱ֪˵ʲôˣۣʵ ֪İﵽûС
۱֮ŮףȴҪ޸һΪޣԼ֮ŮȻûԹĸȴҲ֪Ҫôѡ
ϵ·Լ߳ģϾѵɣҪԼ
һݷĺȥ۵Ļڶ£ʱոȻǹȥģȻ뿴һ
Ժ˹ȥ̫ţٲð͵ùرǻƻΪҪȵģҪǰ͵ŷ˼£Ҫ׼һ
Ժȥʱ̫Ѿʼˣޣƻ㣿̫ԵЩֿĴСҲ̫Сˣʵ˵ĽĻƻ㲻Сˣһļĺ㣬Ҫ˭Ѱ˵ȻǺõģ͵̫ǰĶƷȻǲģӦóԣϾ
ʵۼ̫Թ࣬ȻԹˣ


104 
̫Ȼ߶߶, Ƿ֣ƻĺóԣʵ, ּȵʣһûͶԹˣһԾȵĲС
ſԺɫ̫εķ¿ӣ˵, պϡ
̲ס, Թ˻дպϣ
̫Ǻܿҵ̨, ֻ߷ߵ, ̫ǻʵĸ˵ˣҲûйȥģܿͻָ˴, ˵, ʵ, ˵, Ҳ̫, ͹ȥҲ̫СһЩ˵תͷ˵ϴβ㽺, š
Ȼʵ߾Ͷһ㽺Σô̫, ǲ, ˵, ͸ɴ಻ˣֻҪ̫ȥ̽£˺ˡ
ùţ̫ʵõ飬㵽״ô죿
ԺĿ䣬˵Ȼôϲ֮޾Ͱ˽ӵ
̫üǡ
̫һӵʣֻǵĿת˻ʵ߰õ㽺ͻȻһ㡭  ѿڶ˵Ϊ˻
ʵȴĸûе顣
̫ȴ֣ʵ۾ôģΪôһ룬֮ǰɻеһжѾѾӭжˣ⺢һûаȵĳû취˵һʧˣʱƳԸ˼⡣
̫ԭЩᣬûʵһֱҴţʹ죬ͨ£ͻȻ;ø
ʵ㻤ž˵жˣ֮ǰȻЩüĿһ붼ǲ²⣬ʵϣҲǰŰɣȴǾʮа˾žˡ
һ뵽¾ֵܿСӣ;üҪ̲סЦ
***
˶ڣ̥ԽԽˣ̫ȵʱ򣬸żնȥƣҪүӼѧҲˣһոյſھһϤöʮֵĺ
һĲţƿţȻƸȻɹˣƤûİףҲżֱɳĲɣŽļУϻһǶɫʯĶ̽һʱžȻЩݵģĿ⻹Ǻһ͸
һҪȥԺ㣡ƸҲǸ˵زУ¶һЦԸȾеˡ
ʲôʱģԾʵӲ㣬Ҳܾ֮ǰҹң
ʲôôˣ𣿡
ûԻϸҲƸǵı飬ŵҲˣҲ˵ˡ
ģƸ׻ź˺üסӡ
ѽ
ƸһʱѹһʱָˣѹȻ˱˵ĺӣ˵ǣüѵĻʵҲˣˣһ֮ˣһ׺ˣҶѣίĲУ̲סȻصĿ
ʲô
ҪˣٲҪˣǴҶ֪ƸӣǰƸӣȰүҪ֪Ǵϲ£ʲôأ
Ƹ֣ү漴ֵ˵ǣˣʵ̫ˣһֱ뵱ĸףԸˣҲǡ
һ˵ˣҲûʲôˣֻƸģһֱһ죬Żʵۺˣܺһ𣬽ȴǵĽ֡
ջʵ⺢ӵ׶ôͲ˵ˣҲĸƾӹġ
ƸھеƸˣǵطֱ˴ġƸ˵е
һʱۣʮֵֿ飬˶ƸԵĻһ߳һ˺þá
⼸գķĲУҪǿ޿ģԭ̫˵Ҫ˼ҵģҲ֪ôָ⡣
ǸģȻ㣬ǹ̫ܣĮԴԽĻ
ҲûидĲѴǱ;Щ޹ؽҪԳţʵ˵ԣǸ˽пϾʮ귢޶ ûϲĵط͸ˡ
Ƹص˼УΪеԵʣԵЩĲɣ˵˺üʵʲô
˼겻ĺ֣˵ʲôʱҪȥø׼ϴѣҩ֮ģɩӶæҲǷ
Ƹ⻰˾˵ϴõƤӾͦãǱ߳ʱڻر䣬ҾǸƤӵڴϣ̫ˣٶϴθҵӶˣٸҵ㣿
үԱ߾źȲ裬üĿһһϣڼǸʮϸֻż˵ʱĿŻºһЩ
һƸĻصİѲ豭˳ϣ˵ŵƸ̲סɪӣȻ˵ϴߵʱĸײǸǧӣ㶼ˣǰܼӣˣĸҪǮҲ㣡
ϴƸ˵Ҫһǰѹ˾ϲˣ֪ȥȴǲͬģǵطɳ̫᲻ƸԿ࣬үͦ˵ģƸ֪һأ˾ҪȻֵ֧ģֲˣ֮ǰǧ㻨ǴĿ˭֪ŲѾˡ
ۿүҪˣŵƸֱվܣֻǵ׺£һȣһƨɵڵϣֱſˣøպ׷Ĺүպһž˹ȥ
̲סص̾һ˵үˣ
һš
ƸȻԴУŹүӦľ˳ȥƨϰһţֻ۵ĲС
Ϲ˸ƸҩѾҩһ˵ʲôʱܶѽȻˣȴǴӻóһǮʮʮƱһģƱǧ
֪ǱҪӶ࣬һЩɩˣʲôԲȥһЩ㽺ȥһƫⶫֹӹǮ˲ˣ׼Լ򡭡
Ƹеע˺ϣʵ㽺и𣿡
ֹ㽺Ѷԡ
ƸϾ͵Ҳһݣ
ֵĿƸ˵һиԵĲƷʲô漴ͻȻ뵽ʲô㲻ƣŮаɣ
ûУ
Ƹ֤һֻǶã²ҪѾϵʱˣٻҲȥɼʱù˵£˹ְؾٸһù
Ƹ˵ˣùɣײģҪǵ壬֪ʵ۵ĺûһõģΨһǿҩһ
ǺܵģǶиõĶ϶ҪԣŹߺ󣬾ͳȥƷˡ
ƸһھϢһ£żգ̵ʱ򶼻ȥһԸ֣Ȼ񣬶Գʳмּ⣬̽һģҲУ˵ϲ˵үҲϲƸ˵ѵô֮ˡ
һȥģƸȥĶˣȻ˿
һչ˼͸˰ѣ̲ס˵ǲʹˣҿû ͻĻ˵ǸүģΪ֮ǰûлԵһʱ䣬˹
дģƸԵʣ֪ƵȥּǣҲȥּǳԹǻζȷʵǽ˾ޣǸڸޣΪµֵĺס
˵ʱд黹˺þã׽ŪˣһµŮӣȻһ
ȥŵʱ򣬻ȥۣʱڵֻһ۾;ŮӣĲòˣʳһҲǺдǰ㣬ʱЩɻ
˵ּǣȥһˣǷ㣬ҲĶ࣬˿˴עĿԶƺиˣ˳ȥ˶Ĳ¥ѡ˸¥һߺȲһ߿Ŷ档
򲻸ˣȻһƸ˳滹һŮӣһƣ
Եú˵˼仰ͼԼҶЦĸɵһġ òϣУСãɵЦȻҲѿ
ȴһöˣôͲӣһǷöԷӡ
ֻһ뵽ѾУСĹ⣿ѽ˵Ϊźģ
⵽ôһ£
˵סˣֻ޲õܳȥקƸѯԭίҲǸûصģʱȥֻ·˿֣ȻöӺѿҵʲôʵҲȷһֻĲأ
һʱⲽ˵ȥ
ǵŻȥ֮󣬹ԽԽᣬ뵽һֱ־Сӡ  ѵãȴǸһˣֲˣȴֲͬ⣬֪ΣֱӾͲˡ
***
һӾ͵µףȵĲУѾ΢΢¡ҲԲһЩ·Ƶ¶Ǻܿɵĳߴ磬ûΧ
˯˸ֻÿڸģ֮ͷ֣ǳ󣬼ȣʵЩߡ
ïԭӣϾʵˣǲǿڿʣ˵ͼ˯ʵͷæȥϵһ
һڣɫһЩ˴ڣֱֱϣ̵ˣæ˻ï˵Ǹһ÷ɡ
ïһ߽СѾȥãһ߸ӣȴⶼȶˣҲЪ˵ùïӣԼһûһţֻȳķ綼ǶǴ԰һ̾һ˵ʲôʱǸͷѽ
ïŲ̲ѧһЩҽ֪֮󣬸ȣ˵ҲһЩɡ
˼ңļѶŵıóűڻͻɢԽ
ֻǽļȣǱˮǴߣֿһּǵķֵ꣬⵹ʮֵĺãҪʮծԵҲһ
ʱ洫Ųïһվ˵ү˰ɣֵⶼ˰ɣ
Ŀ͸ϣǵĵ˵Ϸ˲ˣүҪżŶã
ȻҪżҲڰʱ䶼ûаɣï죬еί˵
˵ĹǽŲԽԽˣȻԺ˯ѾˣǾͺá⻰ӱÿͿԺ㡣
Ժ㴩һƵխԲ쳤ۣһڣʮֵļˬһݾ̲סü˵ôôȣȥɫĿᣬü۶ʱָ˵ȥѱ
ȾͰѴıڣͱ
ԺûмʵҲǰ£֮ǰ̫ͻȻֲˣȥ֢״࣬ʵֻܴ粽ţʵҲǵͷ尾ˡ
үôʱԺһ㶼Ϲ
ԺһӱסİȦڻ΢΢¡ĶӣϵķڶƤϣ˵ίˡ
ʲôίģҲסԺȻһЩЩӶûгԺã˵Ϸ˲ʣ飬ү鲻ǲ
Ժ˵Ȼ̲סһۣ˵ӦԹ޵ģУߣȻǲ
ûС
ǰ棬
һʱסûԹʵҲԹޣǾЩѹʱ򣬿ߵʱϣ
ʵѧһµģˣǼ˽̵ģҲҪģʱҲôġ
ԺͻȻ˵һʱ̧ͷȴĻƵ˵ֻôһ㡭˵⻰ָ֮һָ׸ôһ㡣
Ժԭ۵ģģֻÿɰĲУ̲סĶͷ˵ٶһί
ѹָ׸ϵĴָǰŲһ㣬˵ôࡣ
Ժ̲סЦ
Ժ㻳̧ͷۿȴǺģ˵ջ˵ίˣԼЦǲ֪үôġ
Ժİ˻


105 
Ժĸ׵Ĳ, ʹͺײӲ, ȻҲãүҪźá
ԺԲԱߵϣԶỴ̈һıǱڻ, ˮ, ű, ŪҲʮֵʡ
ï÷, ҲԺ㵹һ롣
ȲĺһڣֻڣͬյĺһӾ͵õ˻⣬̲סһ
ԺҲźһڣ漴, һȹ, , ˵, ʹ졣
ȴǲô, һСһСڵţԺ, һԵïָһ룬ź룬ž, ˵, ϶÷
Ц, үҪϲͶȵ㡣
˵һûˣȥ˳Ժ㱾᲻ȥҲ֪Ҳһζţ̫صĻֻ߼֮ģʵ⿣ް
·Щ
ȥ˳һһȵĲУҲҽȥ˵ǰղ˼棬óˣͣɡڸڵ֭˺˿ϣˡ
Ϊ̫ȣҲҶͻ˷䣬Ϊ˱һ죬Ժڿһ飬ȻһֱڵϾ˵ϳʲô
ָͷţģеɰԺ̲סۣ۵Ц⣬һӾס˵ˣ֪ˡ
ž֮ǰԸ棬мˣһѵĺ˿׵齴ּ֭˰׵ͣ£ֵ˵ζ֭ͿԳˡ
Ժ棿
ͷ˵ү쳢ϲĿζ
ԺҲϲ׵ͣųһ齴֭ŨصĿζڿɢ齴֭дζζټȻ͵ζζһ𣬼˾Ʒ
óԡԺ̲ס˵
ģڸзǳĺá
ǾͶԵ㡣ȵļһ棬ǱҪһ㣬Լθںıˣƽһͱģȴ̲סС롣
棬ٳһкõƬֽ廹ʣˢһǻֻˬĲС
ԺȻϲ棬ǵζ֭ܺóԣһ룬ҪǳԲȥˣŻܼ
ȥɢΪ̫ȣľϣǾЩȣٲóһ㱡Ժһȸӡ
˾ţżһЦʮֵۡ
ʵΪ̫Ĳ飬ҲܶϾҪȥˣȥ˳һ뼦˿һӣһǼһޣ˵ȵʱڰһ¾ˣȷһζŷɢͲóˡ
ˡ
***
̫ԻһЩѾԼˣƬ࣬Ϊ󲡳ζľʲôûʲôζ׾ͷ
ȰôһЩ
̫ʵûθڡүҲûļ䣬˯ˣʲôʱģ
˯֮ãһʱǰĹ
̫üҲΪˡ漴żֱԹ˵ӹãŮ£ֶһһģʲôģҽ˲˵ġ
ҲǴɣ̫󲡵ʱ򣬹ҲˣȻ̽ľͲǹүǹˣϾӶв㡣
ʵ֪ΪʲôˣţǺƸйأſ۶ȥܿɣ⻰Ҷ̫˵Ͼ̫ҲǺϲƸֶӣ̫ŻǵŹղȶ˵ɡ
̫Ͼת˻⣬ʵֳȥˣ
Ц˵ѽⶼûˡ
̫ȻҲᣬҲԾصĴЦֻǺܿ̾˵Ҳ֪ʲôʱܼļ
ȴﲻڹҲá
̫һϾûЦݣ֮빬û¾кģҪ˵治˻ǲš
̫ȴҲ˭ֽš
̫󶼻ɹЩ¶˻Ҳˣô꣬ȴ޽չ־ν˻һ֮ʣϴôڹ
ÿ׼˵Լʱ򣬹ֻһЩ顣
һΣ֮빬ãΪ˿ãŶͦϡģվͲ֪ʲôкģڴ˺üա
ȥʹźĹˣǳʳԹģȻް
ֿ̫ʼܵĿ־ʺһʬʱֱιȥˣϢһ˵
ʵۻ˹һ¾ȥ̫ְӽ˵Ǽ˿࣬ȥ°ɡ
һƾ֪ˣ˵زУ̫ϳԵ٣أæӹȥ˺Ĳ
ﳣ궼¯ӣҲȥŷʱ䲻˵Ҫ֣ʱĻ̵̻ģˡ
򿪼Ĺӣɾչķˣٵ£·Ϳʢˡ
Ա߻С룬һһեĩһСեˣ̾ϢŮӵĴϻۺҲʼ̲סڴ
ң̫ںͻʵ˵ĿȴƵƵĿߣȻҲڴģȻ̲ס˵ȻǼ˿ࡣ
ְ˰ϣְС
ȣȵ࣬ҲϾͳԣϾ̫ˣ̫ȻֻĿȴһֱ̲ס˹
ǻʵҲ̫ܵļУһԳˣһ̫һ࣬ĺõļζرŨһھǣճŴֳ֮Ե˳״ļ˿
⼦˿ӦСǰõģΪŰǼͺܲˣֳֶˮС
˿㣬Ǻġ
̫Եĺ㣬ų˼ھ;Щ壬պÿԱ߷եĩһЩȥȥԣե˵̲壬ʶҲȥ
ʳ޲һ̫ͰһСȹˡ
ŷµʵ۴ӹ²ݸ̫̫һڲˮ̲ס̾һ
ֿĸˣ޲Ů빬̫ˡ
мա漴ʵӹôһҪ̥ǣʲôûҪ
ʵȴһ˵ĸûе顣
̫üͷ뻹סˣ˵֮ԾôС;˹Ҳǿȥưɡ
ԺӦһ̫󣬵˯ȥԾסĵطӶסһ
빬ĺӾֻʣԾһ롣
ЩӵǱȽϴģ̫һһ۵ģӦ䡭 ֮ǰڼҲٮٮߣԴԾ빬֮һȣͱȵȥˡ
Ծϻۻ飬ǷǣԺԼŷǳϲֻǱϾԼĸŶƤ˭Ҳ֪
ϲĺվǸλϣֻܰԾƳˡ
Ϊ룬ԺԾ͸Ŀݺºͣѯյ״֪Ѿָ࣬Ҳοֿο˼׼ˡ
ֻǵվȴͻȻԼ䱻סԺͷԾ¶ϣĿ£ܼĸ𣿡
ȻҪ̵ǾͲںϵˣԺȴ̫ӣҲûôˣ˵ȥԴ빬ɡ
ӦһͳȥյſڿվԺһļʣһֱʮԸԴԾ빬ͷ֣ԼһǴǻʵʦҲֻԾ
ԼԻʳ
һ㶣漴ųĻʵۣϾ͵ɲ˵
ǣû˵ǰճԵɣ͵͵Ĳŷù˲ųԣȻͲˣǶʼ
ʮֵĳԾǿӲ˵ٻۻʵۣüͷ˹ֶϵʵҪ֪и۾֮
ʵ۵ƱˣѹĻǺӵˣʮִֹһһ۵ģֻҪ϶ʱͻκҲ֣ǿʵ͵͵ȥˣƾʲôģҪסݣȴסƫȥ˯˭֪˯ˣˣһʱ¾ͲӺ棬ź͵͵ĳȥ˭֪ȴǿѷùɸˡ
ʵۻͷɫ԰Ծſһҡҡ׹ӡ
Ծ첻˵ʣͻ˵ĸˣȻĬĬᣬžۣԺ㻹ʲô׵ģȥˣҲڣֻķʽ
˹·ϾѾ£ＱĲУſɫ԰׵ڴϵԾȻ֣ûʵ벻ǣԾҪؼҵʱȻ֣һơ
쳹ڣ˵ǻʵۣԾԼҲסˡ
ĶȻµ㵱⹬ʲôطʵ̫ʧˡ
ԾһĲţ漴Ŀʧ
ԺɫĮȻȴбģν֮飬ҲֲȨƣڹѾ飬Ҳľˡ
ֻ̲סţ֪ʵ۵ݣηӦҲ㣬ʧȥƽĳȣ
ʵ۱ԾȥȴǸ⣬ͷڹˡ
***
һת۾͵µף̥λҲʮֵȵˣֺһ㣬һȥӣȻүҲˡ
һգڵƹ˱˵һȥ˺ԺүЩߣԴεŮ֮ѻģҲûҹˣ˾ͺͻȻʧˣûټ
һε֪֮͵͵ĶѵˣҪңүæ漴һ䣬үͦ㣬Ҳ˲ȴҲֻ˵˲ϣҵѡ
֮Ĭãò˵˵ĻһѪˣԸ鷳Ժ㡣
үѵ÷ǳϲƸʵССôˣ
үӴӣֱӱСòƸı£κ£ƫƫߵ˶ϲ˵̫ҲʮְүȻҲˡ
Ϸ˲˵˵ǹ˲ˣû취ɡ
Ҫǹ˲ˣԺҲᵢôòŹ뼦˿࣬Ҳ֪˳ûУǲ⣿
ڴϣ˼ȥģǾܣ벻ͨΪʲôʵɢӺ
Ҫ°ɣ־òס
ۿϾ͵Ƹˣסˣ£ϴһȥּǡ
ʵûʲô󲡣ǲģҩͻһЩ뵽Ͷӵ飬ֻơ
ּǷ㣬Էе࣬Ǹƹ֪ǹˣһż䣬ù˵ط
ˣҪõʲôȣԻԵ̫ˣ⽥䵭ˣǺһ취ںѿҪԵĲ϶ˢãȻ͹ȥҲ̫ˣһȻϴγ治ʮܻӭһֱö
ƹƼͦóԵģҪҪȻָָ˵һ⼸Ҳ
ķҵģҲûʲôθڣƹƼʲôͶͷ˵һЩɡ
ƹżֱȥ˺Ժѧ²ˣԽԽˣү΢¾ĺܺˡ
үӺο˵ȥ׾ܳʦˡ
ѧҲˣſʼûиĹǱʦģȴʮ츳һѧһ׼١
ƹ߽˼䣬סүʵʲô£
ˡ
үüʮֵͨ˵ȥд°ɡ
ͷһȥ˳˸ƹ˵ĵˣһмԵˣи档
Ը齴֭һ÷֭ȥ
˱һǵֹĲۣܶһӵŮ˵ʲôʵ˵ڡ
һ˲Ǻһ÷һ·ϸ·ڻҲǿڸģһ;ˬĲУȻ˰棬齴֭ζںһ𣬾Ȼʮֵĺóԣǻ
÷ģҲģڳðĻͲˣǺһ㣬ۣմ͵ˬڣļ˶ԵģҲԵʮֳ졣
˷֣˵һģһٷʱˣʵ̫óˡ
֪ΪʲôּǿôˣʵǺóԡ
Ǹƹ֪˳ˣһЦʵԵΣϿζ𣿡
˼䣬ƹüЦ˵ĲǷġ
ס
֪˲ˣҲǵģԹ˹ţˣҲһ⡣
ƹ˵ˣ˺ȥء
˵һҪţЩŵģһ˹ҲùЩеĺôҪŬĸһܸġ
Ȼĸ۰
ż䣬˿£Ϊеԭ΢һЩǳǱȽϲԲģⲻù˾ȵģֻΪ̫ˡ
վſڣ̬òʳڡ
ϴҲԶԶĿһۣС
ҲˣҲټͻȻ˶ӵ飬һˣ˵ƸˣҲϲ
Ҫ˵⿼ջôãղŵļ˾ûһθڵģҲʮ޵ģۣҲǲ򵥡
Źȥ΢΢¡ĶӣһŭҲûˣƸĺѽ


106 
ʵԭЩŵ, ǿһӾ;ʮֵ׽Ƹ̫ˣ, ̬
˵Ҳˣ۽ǻβƣĿȴһ͸ɫϸ壬Ͽ˵ʱС, Ŀº, žͽҪ׽
ַˣ¡˿Ķ, ̲ס˵
, 㿴ң͵͵㣬ΪΣ˱ͲԴǣǲ֪κһİ̸, ȿ˵, ү˵, Ӳ, , ǺЩˣ
Ȼ˵Ժ㣬ԾѡƸ, ʶľ;˲ԭ
ڹ˶еô;ʵ˵Ĺϵ, һʱٸн, ˵, ﲻʹ죬Ҳûʲô
ʱï˲ˮһӵĸ㣬һɫӣԲԲֵģžʮֵϲˣŴ׸⣬ȴģӡģԼ״Ǹ˻Ļ⡣
ӦǶɳڶ͸ɫĵɫ׼ӺɫʮֵƯ
˵Ư˭ҵĸ㣿
Լġ
¶־㵵ɫַϵĹʵǽ˾̾Ů죬ҲûеģΪѰرŮ죬ʱҪ¼ϲģһ򵥵ĸͷԾ͸ϲЩܸɵŮӣȥĿЩͬˡ
˸Сɵ˼һŴ׸⣬ŶĳԣʵƯЦ˵Ҫϲ´Ծǣþ᲻á
˵ͷַˡ ˵껰ҧһڣƤŴȴǶɳڶһеζУ˾ϲ˵õ廨ڶ
ͷ˵ǰյһЩõ壬ŲյЩϧ˻ڶԡ
̲סƸ˵ǰ͵˲õ廨Ϊϲֻÿδн̫󶼻Ѵ͵ϱҲ£ҲѲҪԵõ廨һݶġ
ǰƸԺ˰죬ȥһõ廨࣬ԭǽ軨׷ˡ
ϲõ壬ȻϲõڶŴ׸ˡ
ƣϾҪˣһʵ̲סųͣŴ׸ҲһҲͼСų;ÿڿʣֺһڲˮȴˮζЩر𡭡 һȻҲǻ裬ֻǳõ壬һɫӣصζζ񣬻ˬڵĸо
˺棬˵ˡ
˷˵Щͷͷǵǳм⣬Ҳϲ̸ЩƽվǴֻһЩ֮ģȻǲģҲĺѰǹүϲֻҪģԵľ⡣
ҲǷ֮Ȥ
˵һʳתе·ʽ۹˵ѣ˵·ÿǺÿһߵҪյٽһͺˡ漴޵˵ϸôһ㡭 ϲ֦Ƶ廨ԵϸһЩ
˵廨ӾλĻϲ˵ַ˺۹⣬Ҳôġ
˵̸ʮͶҪļʶ㲩⿣ŮУ˵ʲôԽӵϻ
˱ǴŵģϾʵǲʣδУҲǲף˵ǸŮӡ
һ̸ȴһʵĸо
ĳӾ΢бһ㣬Ҳû˼ȢŮ Ҳ˲ǣ
һ̸˵磬֮ǰ˰һϲŴõ⡣
ּǣ˾ͳ׷˳ɼֻǵŻص˹ܸɵ漸ŵĶϱš ͻȻ˵ҪĻǸϱ£
˭ϡأ
ɴˣΪ֣
ҲƸˣڵŮӣҲΪۣ޵ͷǰǸڸ󳼣λȨأҪȻӦøļˡ
εţ޾ͺˡ
Ҳ㲡ţͷģÿﶼţҪＸӵˣ춼ȥ飬˵սսģŪۡʮֵѹ֡
üһƸÿ컹ûûεģּǾȥھȥԺյĻԻȵģȥˡ
һգڱӿȥ·ϡ


107 
үƸ, ƸǰҲҴ⸮ۡһµľǸףȻǴˡ
˵С˶ٻ£ڸǰ˵ʰ̯, ﲡţҲ˵һżյܳȥԺֵġ
ƸҲҴ˵ֹһ䣬үû, üʵ, ˵ʲô
ﲻЩҲʲô, ȥ, ҴȥĸԹˣθڿɺˡƸǱõŴ׸⣬ϴιּǳԵģһֱţպһЩƸˡ
ü, ѵ, ˵˻ҹ, ֮ǰš
Ҳʣ¼, Ƹûȥ漸, ʵǲҸӲӲקȥݡ
, ճԹ緹˶Ӧòڣüһ żɩ, źŮּʮ, ĸҲԱߵѼ氲ĺȲ, ΨһվſڣüŴ
Ƹ֪϶ˣȻûͱȥˣ˵ҪǰƸƸʶľͶ˴棬ӵҲһζƸǰĵ˵˵ﻹأ㳳ֻˡ
Ƹĺüһԭĸײˡ
ƸԺһ磬ԭվǹ˵ýݵӣҲŶһô졣
Ҷ׼˺񣬹үɫڻһЩֵƸʱ;ˣΪ¡
˵ı£Ƹֻ˵ϴﲻǺϲǸ뿤Ʒ׼Ǹ
ӶĵѵСҪ֪ǿ˫壬ɲѰ˶ģõƷҪһصģ巿ԤҲҪʱ䣬ɲϾ򵽡
Ƹӵע£Ķǻŵģ˵ʵһתͷͿݣʱ궼ûˣҿ϶ԼҪ治ǵգϾҪˡ
׼ˣ
״ԺѾ߾Ƹ˵үūôǵ׼˺񣿡
Ƹȴⲻܡ
ƸһѾͳȥûȥּǣֱԺȥˣ·ȴԱţǰȥˣʱ Ҳܵȥɣ
һߣ缸Ӷڣһ̸θٵ飬ֿŽӴﱲǣžһЩҲЦݡ
***
Ƹ˱ԺʱںѾǴҲˣԺԸʮֵ졣
̲ԴӴһӾˡ
ÿֻҪïȻ̲ξ͡
˵ǴһʵͲ̲֮ĶԾ֣ÿһֶǶǶµģʮֵļҡ
ƸܹΪ·ģܿҵǴĵطһݾ̲ס졣
ƸЦʵʲôʱģʳԷûȵͷ󺹣ï÷ʡ
Ƹֱ̰˱Աߣֽӹïݹ÷һˬڣʮֵĽ
žûһЩˣǸǻϿζ
ͦϲ˵ģΪƸ̫ˣȻ׽УպõŴõ⡣
ƸôܲϲϴȥԹˡ
ȻǸˣںƸ˼䣬һƸЪһ͸һ
ƸҲĺãһ㶦ˣǱ֮ǰ˼
˰ʱҲŵʱ򣬳׿ƸȥߣҹʮֵˬҲ˰ȡ
׼棬ҲԶˣѾ߰˰˵ζ
ʲôʱѽ
ƸǸϸµˣ·ʮֵСģʱ򿴵·иӣԼվȥסȿˡ
˵Ҳ֣һʼȻѹĲУҲ֪ôŽʵȥҲûʲôˣϾϲˡ

Ƹʱ䣬Ź꣬ҸһЩʱգͲˣһ뵽ͷ󣬶˳һ㲻ʮ壬ǻȥˣŹ  ҪǸ׵ûأ
ƸǸزסµģ
ƸҲһһʮ˵ˣüһһԺҾȻڣȻҵͲ˵ˣ磬ǰһػҽǲ֪  ԭΪٵ飬׼˺ûУǿɶб
˫𣿡̲סЦ˵ү࣬Ҳûл㲹.ʵ׼ĺʲô
ԺӳȣȻƸһ㡣
ƸһʱЩĻţ˵Լ֪ɣղž˵ڸǰˣע£ӲͷƤ˵Ǹ 챦ʯͷ档
Ҳû׷ʣƸһ˵ҪƷæ˵أ۾鲻ģƤ֣ҵһپǡ
֮ǰ϶һͲһˣø㡣
֮ǰ𣿡
Ƹȥ׼ƷĲУ˵Ǻÿè˵ͼèСèʮֵɰ
Ƹ˵ĲУ˵ˣ
ͷͿƸ˵˵ôУҲաȴǽ߬ţ᲻÷ſ
̲סЦƸģǺ˵֮仹ʲôȥǡ
ƸǶ̫ˡ
ͻȻ䣬洫һСʲô


108 
˲ٵĵ, ȿˣԺԸ£Ͳ뵽һȥ, ҪƽʱҪá
һ¶ϲɫתȥȻԺ㡣
ԺĿǿʱɫһӾͱ, ¶һѩ֮Ц, , Ƹһˡ
ƸҲûɫ, ҪǸղԺ̬ʵǲãҲǺµģŻʵûע⵽Լһ̾ˡ
ԺԭҪһȴƸʶ, һ, ǷŹˡ
, ϴ˴, Ժ㴩һᱡİ׳, ڴ߿飬, Ͼóλһ˯ʱ򣬶˯, ڿʲô, ԺҲչ
˵ڹ, ˯棬Ͼӣи޵飬д̿ͣȻҪֵġ
ԺȴûЩҺȻľԼΪһ֮Ӧ˯棬Լ޶
棬˺ɫĲ˿Ǳ˿ĴУʮֵ̲ס̾һȻԺ˵үҹˣҲ˯ɡ
ԺͰԱߵĳϣ˵ƵȥҪӾ͸оתϾֱȥסһŵģ
ԺĻоţ̲סһԺ˵˯ɡ
ԴУͺ׷ԺĻһûһ˵Żܿ˯˹ȥ
ϣԺһĶ磬ʱԺ㶼Ѿϴˣź£ֱͦģǿǱӰͿɼӢͦ
ʮֵĻϲ̲ס࿴һԺúãüĿʣƯƸ϶˼ӵӢͦϡ
Ժ˶˰£Լǵ˹վڴʵղڼЪţֲҪڶ˯ɡ˵ſĶӣΪ˯±ƿһǣ¶΢΢¡ĶƤ
Ժ̲סͷܣûˣһԺһʱź˶ʶ߿
ͿԺĶƤϣͷģ̲סЦЦǶƤһһģԺҲ̲סЦ

һҲϴϣһţŲƷΪʢ࣬ԼֽˣɰƬϺ˱Ѽ
ƸǸȥˣ
ïһԸˣϲļ˶еǰĵЦ˵үûˣĲУֱȥˣʱţüһⱫճͺ롣
ŷˣԺڸǴûźˣҪ˵ԼˣһµǣȻ˳ĵطһƬƬİΪµļԺѰԺ˺óʱŰѼɾˡ
Լģʵǲ󼦵ǿϿӿݵİۣȻԺ˲Ҳģմմ;ͳԵˡ
Ժ㿴ȻǸˣ˵ٳһɡ˵ȥ һεʮֵܿͰһ
ΣԺڴĿ£ֳһ
ģյʮֵãţԺȥԺߣӭ峿ĳأʮֵʡ
һΣԺԱߵľϣһйݸ˵
Ժ㾭ʱһ񹤾ֻ߰Σʱټĸ㣬֮ģģӦҲΣȻһ׾ɵĵĺ챦ʯͷ档
ƽʱĲͬͷǳɣһƫֹȻ࣬ԱߵԺ˵˵֮ǰ̫ˣ˸˵ĺôһЩġ
үˡȻϲԺһӣïͭۺϲʵ⼸챦ʯɫܺá ʵҲø׼ô࣬ӦȽϷǱߵĺǡ
ƸԺ׼ĺʲôǡþǺ챦ʯͷ棬ԺһףΪһѡģֱʯ޵ģϷ˹Ҫ顣
Ժһ㶣ʲô񣿡˵ͶɻĿ⣬תķɿ죬Ͼ˵ˡæ˵ԭǼѽ׼ˡ
ȣʱȵĲУҪűЩѰָïȥͷȥˣʱ̲ס˵ܹܿб£涼򲻵ˡ
κʱȣǱȻǺˡ
˯⻰ҶģҲû⣬ïС˵Ҫ˯ˣǳȥɡ
˳ȥƺïʲ֣Ǹܹ̫𣿡
ֻʲôƺԾԺģһʱ˯Ϯһ˯˹ȥ


109 
Ƹԭ׼ڹ˹֮ǰ, ΪȻǾ˺񣬶ΪƷ̫, ڴٵһֱﲻ˵²ģʮֲףҲüһ
ԭ⼸վҪ, ˵, Ҫ׹ߡ
үһʼŰɵ, Ƹóĺ, һ۾Ϳǳֵ֮ģһʱٸнžƸڳˣ֪ԼˣȻͬ, ͷ˸кˡ
˲ϲ, Ϊүǹүԭ, Ըӵ͵, Ҳǰ, Ǳ÷ïﱲ, ʮҪõݣҲǼʮ˵ļˡ
Ϊȣں԰绻, Ҳ, һʱ, ӭʮֵ֡
˴źɫɴȹŰٱڣžµױݣȻˣǱõ̬棬ǰɫƽƽȥˡ
һԵԷ˶żСŮ˵ҲֲùүֻйһĸټòԼգֻ̾磬Ҳ֪ԵʲôǷɫͬ֬һġ
Է˵СŮѧ
Ѿͷ޹ȥ˾Ϳʼ˵ˣԷ˼װ˵ֻǻû˵Ů͵㣬飬ʲôܣ˦ƹģʱҪϱ߶
ԷһȥȻ֪˵ʲô˵ͷ⣬ĲУ
Է˳Ĭ£̲סǸиתһ룬ĸ¶٣ϱĲҲùһЩʱͰ
ͬȻ뷨ͬ
һܿ͵ʱԷ˿ȺУΪĸƯעĿƸŮֹǼλ壬Ŀãò˰Ҳˡ漴ֵ²ŵ˵˺ȣ׼˺û
У˵˫塣
Է̲ס֮ԱǣֹǿɲѰģĳˣͳôΪ׼ĺȥǼ˸Ͳӡ  Ҹ˺Ūİɡ
ԼСŮͦϲģ˳Ư˵ҲϸģЦ棬洫в̫һһʼҲţȫ׿ƫĸôң̲סʵͦõģҲáҲЩûףΪ֮ǰ˵ϲ˫壬Ҳȥһĸȥˡ
ƸһֱôʱƵģ
ŮĬԷ˵϶Ǵģʵǽ
ԼСŮҪȴҲ޻˵ϾҲûס
˼Ůĺ񣬻ﱲǣһʱַǷǽнӶǸ۲ѡ
ǶȻĵģЦĺϲ£죬ſƸʱһԭú첼ŵģƸŵİѺ첼һƣȻһľӣһ㶣ףأ
Է˶СŮ˵ƣǸġ
ԼСŮȴ¶ʧɫɷ򣬼Ҳü
ⲻТӣʲôүҪˣƸȴǾ㵵ĲУıһƣһʱʮֵΡ
ʱͻȻһѾ߱ŶܽүˣǺ񡣡
ƸѾϣܹѶ˹ǰ̨ϡ
ƿ첼ɲǣ˶Ĭһ˺˭ҵֱʣʵ̫Ưˡ
Ƿǳµ˫壬治ͬɫèƤ˵ĶƤɰԵ
Ƹͦأ˵Ưɡ
ѽټƷ˱ûгǸģǼᣬ˵СǳġȻϲǸǶƸĿ϶ڶˡ
һֱͦģȻҲвٵĲȴûдìܣοĸ׵ֵܣҲſƸ
һ죬˾ûзſƸֱ֣Ǹ˵ĲУùүҲ̲סЦ
***
һûȥּǣЪ˼УҲѾˣï˸մӾ̳ģˮ
޲һȻпĹ͸죬һпŵеˬ
ïһ˵ˣܹģ˵Ĺϣء
һڣ䣸ʮֵĺóԣ˵ͷ˵Ӧɳϣ𡣡
˵ɳȿһʱúóԣų飬Եģ̫ͣïһûԹӣ̲ס˵ˣҪڳһ飿
ȴҡͷָָƤ˵ǳͰѹƤϳƤԣҲ
Ƥܳ𣿡ï¶۵ɫʵģʹˣʲôͳԣҪ˾УѹԼóԹƤ
Ժ˽⻰һʵ˭ҪԹƤ
ï¶ҪԺ˵һ˵ģ˳ϣ;ò̫־̫䣬ū澰Ƥ˳˳ء
Ժ㣬
ȻͿԺ֣Ϊ۵Ŀ⿴˵ίˡ˵ֺһ̣꣬ԶپͶ١
ԺԱߣķĺţԭίԼģٳԵ㶫ʲôӦǼԺ㣬ǺźһԼҲ̵ġ


110 
ԳƤ, һӲƤȥ°⣬滹մĺɫ, гɱƬͿһˡ
ƤζеģˬڣȽ, ļĲȡ
һ, Ž, ԺҲͷһ, ʣµ϶ˣȻ˶˵˳ȥ
Ժϴ֮󣬻˳Աߣӹï, һûһĸš
ïȻԺȵĲ, ҲеҵĻ۷, û˵, ȷ, ¾⣬, ʶȥ
һ˵ֲ, Լ̲ס͵͵, ԺҲڴ, ˵ơ
ͺԺڣóԼСǺӣǳŸཱུĺڳӣ̬䣬ɰĲУڱ̶߽İƣȲĥӣȴʮֵľ£Ժ㿴Ȼϲġ
Ůǳڡ
ûкԺ˵Լ˫飬ҪҲһֱû˵⻰͵үǺø
ʲô
ָͷ˵ҲϵĻŮҲڣⲻǺøʲô
Ժ̲סЦššıӣ˻ͷģ˵ҵĸӣʱһġ
ԭǵ٩£û뵽Ժ˵⣬һʱ̧ͷ˹ȥ
һķֿ촽ǵĽεģԺȴǲٿҪƣϾУԺסȥȹȣʵ̫ˣ΢һͷ󺹡
ڱϾű飬Ҳܿ˵ٳʵղҲûСѣԼƷ͸Ƹȥ񡭡 ĴӣԺӦڹĸ׹ٲǡ
үղǹٳ
Ժһ㶣ԥ£˵ϯҾȳˣӣʵǷĲ¡
仰ûëһиڱԺҲҪ˵ԺͻûףȻҪģ¶ˡ
ôþͲԾ
ûʣȴˣ֮ǰԵĳƤž̲ס¿ˮԴпʼԵĶر̲ס
ΪĺԵԵʰɡ
ҲʮֵķʢƽʱԵĿѼ⣬˿㣬лƬǳ
ԵĻǳƤڣȻԵǸζԺ㻹ûԹǿһԵģҲһԣеĲͬΪζе֣ʵϸƷһе㡣
Ժϲ̲סЦеģïֶһЩ
˳ƤּȣҲͱˣԺȥߣΪ̫ȣֻ߶
ڶϣ۾ʱԺѾˣҪȥҲʧһϴȥˡ
ֻǵïźױʱ̲ס˵ȥʹү顣
ïһ㶣ʵʲô
үʲôְΪλûס  ʶپʶ١˵
***
ٳĿģڶȥʱƸ͵һ˫壬ȣ̫ϲˮϴͣûһЩ
Ů˲裬ǲˮ̣ʵǺȲȥڹŮϲȵ÷źһڡ
̫ù˿ǲ֪ԽԽӦúȲˮܽǿ˱Ȱ˿ǵļҪ׾ķɫԼġ ʱͲ˵ˣиǣ
˲̸̫ʻ˵Ӧ˵˼л̫˵ˣˮͰ
̫׼ͿˣԭҪˣȻԵǸ˫ϲ̵ƿӣ˵Сڶһضƣ׼ĺ񡣡˵ϴοĺҾ۵ĲС ȻȻûͿȡ
˼̫˫忴ʱ;Լ˵ˣ̲סһ
̫ϸϸĿ˰죬ʵ֪˭ģ
˵⵹ûʹ
Źߺ̫˹ŮƷϸĶ˰죬˵۾Ͽһģһѽûд


111 
Źߺ, ̫һ˴ãּ̫ĿһֱͣƷϣصĿ˺ü, һֱ֪ôԵʣǿ̫ɫԣҲҶʣã̫Ȼɭ˵, װĵһʥģ, , ȡñ, ʱ̬ŮԼóƷȴ˴ģǺǡ
ǰһӾˡ
̫վ, ˵, īźɡ
Ǳ̫󼸺һĹ, ھΪǱ, ־ҪĻ, Ӧܲסֱӻȥˣȴʱȥ, һȥľ˼ִţʲôã̫˹빬һΣ˾Ͳٴдˡ
ҲͶ·, ڻĳ˾ǡ
־֪, ̫Ҫ, Ȼּ̫ܲ俤ĳƺţ£Ʒвˡ
һŮӣΪҪȻƷԣֿɼļˡ
˻ȥ֮ԽԽǾ֣Ϊ̫һֱѯ˫嵽˭ģֻƸ˵ȻҲǲ֪
ź֪̫µּ֮ܲǰƷ˴ģһӾˡ
٣ƸͻȥˣʵǲߣѽԵҲãˮҲúȣ֮ǰһɾԵõۣһƣüһ жˡ
Ҳϲ;ϣ׼¶׼ˣ֪Ҫȥ֮󣬵Ǹ˲ٶ
Ƹԭɥ飬ſЩʳʱ͸ϲԵģЯģرǼեˣڱԹ£ǱߵķѳԣҪե˾ͺöˣե˾С̳ӣʱӦջʱ͸ˡ
ɣ⣬Яġ
ƸյʳģӲ㻹ҪЩʵǽжԭҪȥȴҪɼ飬ʧ
ʱģûͿʳ̳ӵեˣɻ̳ȻõģΪд֣Թ˶Ҳ֪ġ
һʱ̲סţ׻ۣȻҲ࣬С һ뵽Щʱ;ЩһŮȴ֪Ҫһ˿Ӫ˵ҪԶȥˡ
ģһ߾Щһ־˲ʣͬˣҲͬ⣬ϱҲˣʱ˵̫Ҳֹ
ô̾
Ƹ޲ϾʰöȻȥ𣬻ҪúллĳʳͿ˹ֻǸزסµģһǳüչģ
Ҿ㣬ǸƷǳ˭ֱʣ
Ҳ֪ƸϾ;˵
˴Ƹ۵һģ˵㻹ʵʵĸҡͰѹļŸƸ˵ˣһͼˣ˵治֪
ҲΣƸһ²ŵӣҪʲôǴҲ˵ģЩƢ
ƸҪˣһʱżڴЩʳ˸ɣ˹˵
ʲô һʼʮֵǵųԵֻùֺóԵģųһʵʲô
ǰ׼ɡƸɫ֪϶Ǻóԣ̲ס˵
ʲô
⣬Ǳ߷եˡƸǹַ׽һɣЩ᲻ãϾȥʲôԲͿЩˣ漴ַŻȥ飬Ե㡣
ɳнûζԽԽʣ˵ĺóԡ
ܾģֺԼʶֱӾͽӹˣȳԵ㣬һƬһƬ
˳̣̲סʵˣַô죿
ƸҲǵģ˵пնȥƣûУʵ˵ġ
Ҳǣһ뵽Ƕǳģ̲סԴ˵ˣ֪ˡͷţζǼҵѪԶҪ߶߶ǡ
Ƹ˸ˣֺݺģһЩեˡ
ҪǱģ۵եˣ˿϶ƲϵģģͰݲͬˣһԤɶɹζĸҪ˵եˡ
ȺƸߺ󣬹ϾͻһЩեˣϲӣ٣˼켸ˣΧ⻹ٳ˰ࡣ
룬˵ַ¸ɡ
ʱѾ£˰µףȻʮȡ


112 
, Ѿ˳ļڣҲûκε⣬, Ѿţܲסġ
ּǵҲǰļǻĵ, пѼ, ҲӪȥ
Ҳ, ķֵ֮ǰѾ׬һ, Ƚ˸˹ȥְѽӸӳ˰ꡣ
ӵ˵İʱЩԾŰػصĶ˰죬һԵï˵, , ūǸ˺үм, ʮֵĺ˵, ֻϲĸҲ˵׼
ݵ, ôΪһʳݷã
ï𲻹һֺʱĻ, ˱Ҳ׼˵뷨ȴͻȻһ˵, ϴβūȥү飿ūʹ, ȴûϢ
ʵҲûϣ, ϾԽǸŴ󻧣ʵԽǶЩܵϸ񣬱˵ϲˣеŻϽĵطҲѴ
ȻԼˣֱǡ
Ҳôģ˵ͷȥϴһԺĸףҲһ򣬼Ȳ̫ڣҲ̫ؾѡһɫĺӣߵȹںڵķֻһǶһ״С챦ʯӡ
û뵽պסǱԺĶ棬һҲͶˣҲֲûᶯ˼йŮģһĿΣϣͰͲסˣһǷ绪ïͣ͸ɲһȼˡ
ֱ̾ţҲˣ
ŵ˱Ժſڵˣһ㲻һʧˣգҲôȣֻУܵˣ
Ϳ첽߹ȥ˵ַˣȥˡ
еȻǷǳۣů˼֣˵ôһҲɹ
һǰһľȥ˴͵ã˵ʲôط͹ȻǺģȴõķǳʣÿһڷŵǡôܰ¡
һӵŮˣ˶ֶ˼ֺøС
ïȲһӹϹ
˺˼䣬Խú̸Ͷ֮ǰͷˣ̸۹˵ʲôܽӵϻ̸ֹǲش֮Ů
һʱ̸ԵͶԽ⣬Ҫ޵ݣǴŵҲĺѡ
ŵʱһԣ˵һֱҪúһлˣɲҪܾ
˵Ͽң˵ҲƴˣĸζһʱȻ̲סˮ
߶ˡ
ï裬˵ȥơ
˾ĲУ˵ǻأʹáº͵ĹѵǿӲ˵ʱͲԾصĴĸݣСǲ£һĸȻ
ɫҲЩףȻǺܵ˵ַˣ򲻿Լ岻¡
͵ģָＸѡ
ɺЦĽ͵ģ˶ʱЩΣղһʱˣ뵽ƸĺӾʧȥ˴ݣҲ̫ˡ
Ͼס˹˵ֱۣ˵֪ҲǵңҲûи⻹ǵһΣ಻֪ĵطʵܻҡ
һ⻰ʱͰ˵һǼϴʱҲͦŵġ
ɫֵҪǲ鷳ɷָ¡
ҵȻ鷳
һʱ˵ʮֵǢΪù˷ģһͬȥ˳˿˳䣬ǱҪҪζĶҲõȻģŵ˵ͷ
Ե棬֮żͳһ棬ų꣬ٺһ÷ʵ˼ζ
˸һΣⷹ˱ȻǼªģһ棬Ա߷ϣˣϼ˿⣬һȲݿӱ
Ȼģ㣬ûһ˿ζǳɿڡ
˳Եĺ嵭̫óǿｽһ׵ͣͺƽԵЩͬǳ㣬ͷһ㡣
齫ӵζһ𣬳ɾصĿڸУһӾͿθ̲ס˺üڣԽԽ̲סһĻһ÷žû
״˵ˣܳҪѾ߸»һݲġ
ãܳԡҲ֣ȻͦóԣԽԽͷˣֺһ÷һ棬ôԹˡ
ų꣬˺һС÷̾һ
׼ֻ˵ߵģҪǹƸ״ϾУܲܵʲô֪˭֪ȻŲ˵ҪȥñҪŲǣȻתһȦġ Ъ˸Ҫû˰ŹүţҲһͬˡ
ߵʱҲ˲ٶرϴƸøԵɣһȥԭЩ·ΪɣһڣںһڲˮҲܿͻȥˡ
Ϲү̲ס죬үٿһˣڷϣʵϴļҵΣ
ҲʮֵܸɣǴĬϵ飬ǹȴϴҵĻҪܸɡ漴ִڹүĶߣ˵Ǹ˫壬ġ
Ъʱ򣬿ڵһڼĵȴʮѵ˫壬źѾߣѾߵҲû͵ѧġ
󣬹Сʵү˵ҪŮӸϱԸԸ⣿
һޣϣ
˶ʱûƢүʼͷţһ⣬˵ʮ𾢶һʱ﷢£үҲó⡣˵ӲĽ˳ȥ
үĿ⣬žһЩ
֮˾;ȥסÿζණʱϣʱǳԵģ³Ρ
Ȼ˻ȥʱҲض飬Ųĳʳ
һת۾͵ʮµףתˣҲֺһչֽƤӳ׼͹ȥ
ҲЩƤӣǲ˵ɣ̲סò˼䣬˭֪ܺ˵ĹȴһֱװͿҲ˵˭Ҳ˵Ϊʲô㣬ҲöʣϾϱġ
ǶԼ˵ŶǲϺͿˣ
ɲҪ˵
Ҳ֪Լ˵˻˵ҲЩôͲ֪أ
ߺ󣬹˽˱˳ԶߣɫҲЩÿһԵĴѾ˵һ棬ҲߣҪڲչ˭
˵ǡ
ѾȻӭˣȴ̲סţҲȱˣԵõĶõģ߻ûѣǱѾˣ⻰ȴǲ˵
ŵ˱Ժ棬ͻȻסˣΪһ˴ԶԶȥƺǻʵۣ


113 
һ, ѾïܳŸʲôЦĽ, ʵ۾Ƕȥˡ
˼æ棬Ŷȥ
Ժϣóï͸, ɹĺӲ, ǴӱϿ˺, һһ, ԽԽ㡣
ȸʵ۵һˮ˵СĸղƼˡ
ʵȻҲǿˣ˵һ, ˵˵ҲǺõġ˴֮, мζ, ⶫһ, ̫, һվͳԲˣʵһɳ, ģǳθ
ǡ
ĸ֪Ҫ˵˭Ű, Ҳˡ漴ֵ, ˵, Ժ˹ܲһˣҲǼѡ
һˣʵݹ˺ˡ
һת˾һͻȻһѩǴֲ
붬ּ֮ǵҲҪԺ̿
ʱóԵȻкõȣн⣬С£þͿԳˡ
Ƭ̺õݿƬõ֭ůθĺ档
ϲļʱǺʱп˾ͺѾһԺóԡ
ԺڵĿͷϣѩ֮ͻȻ˵ůġ
ĶҲԻˣԺ㵣ĿһֹۣˣҪݿӵĶԼïóָҲϣ˵žǡ
ȻԸϣԤڵĽӽԺҲʼֻ޲ÿ춼ߡ
ζһףÿӽ£ǳһ澢ˬζʮֵĿɿڡ
Ͳ˵ˣڣҪһ㡣
һʱ˶û˵ĵĳŷ˻ĴϣҧһСڣˬڿθ˵ե˵̵ļζӵ㡣
ų꣬ͷϾðϸܵĺһȥԺ㣬ѾڳԵڶˣ˷ǱŮ˴
ԺѾס˰ˣԵĺ˯ģЩˣֻ̬ǴûйķɣͬӼҹӵѰһ㡣
ӭϣŶӣʵǲǸûȥˣ
Ժһ㶣¿ӣߣļʵ֪ˣԱùһС̺ĸϡ
Ȼľ˽ԺĻïŵİѿȥְһӹϹȲ裬¾ĵ¡
ֿʼѩһ𣬿Ŵѩһʱĵģ˭û˵
һתͷ׼Ȳ裬Ժ˹Ժ֣ͷһڣ˵ܹʰҡ
ԺÿһЩϴѣϲõ֮ģģһʼȥˣٺǾ鷳Ծ˱ԺǶ˲ԺĶ
˶֮ǰҪȥˣï˳
Ժ¶ԥɫ֪£ȻԺ˵ҪһӡʱԺǲԸŵģǷɽλЩ̫ˣϾǳ϶Ҫȥһ۵ģҪ˵СʱԺҲʮֵĹġ
ҲΪᣬʵʲôʱ
Ժʱ䣬Ҫµʱ䣬˵Ҫ£ʵǷĲ㣬Ժ
ӦһԺĻһģԺĶˣ̲ס°˱˻գޣȴǲϧûκεĿ顣
ԺǸӣʮӣĿԸȥȴƣԺ˵һشһ䣬ûлڵĻֵֻ
ܿ˺ܾηԺ㣬һʱԺɻȻǾһңԺҲһӣǼ̳˾λ
ߵȴǲͬѰһȣλȴСһʵŮ棬ӣʮֵѵ
ǰˣֻҲǲ򵥣·ϢȣǼûκεĶèһģ˵ĹǺܸߡ
Ҳûʹˣȴûʳʲô
ԽʲԽǾ֡ ͺҪȥһ㣬ΪһСģܻټǣ̲סţԺ㲻ǹүأ˭
һ뵽ܣ;Ŀڿ
Ժ㺰˺ü׼ˣֵɫ


114 
ѩ, Ժסֻ֣Щǧֻһ仰, 䣬Ͻȥɡ
һ򲻻Ժ飬ϵģеһο絶һ, , ǵһȥ̫˴˵, Ҳ, һˣֻһӣ
һЩ̲סʵһһؾҪãȥ
Ժһ, Ĺ, ȥ, ɻ󲻽, ʱ, ЩӺ͹ߵĺܽȻΪ˷, ǹү飬ҲǴղ飬ڹиԼסԺӡ
ǲܴӹ˴֪ݡ
²һֱȥ, ֮ǰ˵ֻǾ·, Ҳϰүƺ, ٺ˶ģͬѰһֳ̻Ϣ͸˵ˡ
Ժ죬֪οڣȺүٲˡ
Ժ㣬˵үȥæɡ
ԺĿĿ˾ĶӾʹǵнԶ
ԺߺصڣֻտģԺֹ̬Խݳˡ
ɹˣԺĿʼЩĵҪǽ棬ûһȥˡ
һ룬ܿȻˣһ嵽һӣֿʼһһߵĸ
ڸүʰѣվҪ̫ͻʵһͬȥɽԭҲҪȥģΪǲ̹ʵƸʹ죬ͻȻˣ˸纮ڼ˼գŸոȬү۾ûȥˡ
ҲСˣҪʲô³ǰ档߶߶˵Ż뵽ɽϵĺ䣬ֽѾԺëĻϥ˵ҪԼʺþͲϥ㻹ǵɣһͣ͵ȼֻҪʹ
үҲ汸ȫţĸߴɫϣ˵ˣʵ۾ܿү
ƽʱˣүսսģүԼǰҲҴүȴվԭأɹ߶߶ģһ仰Ҳ˵
үģϰΪĵûп˭֪Ǹ޹ϡ
ʰһ׼빬ȥ̫ˡ
׼һ׸̫Ķ£лʵ۵Ķůԥ£ǰɷŵʳ
Դϴοʵ֮󣬹˾;ЩԾҲöʣƸ⺢ͻʵ׺˵ƸиʵȥҲʵζֻȥ³ʳѡ
˵ҲûȥҪſڼҲͼʵ˶ѣ˵ʵۺ붼ȥģΪʮֵĻĵ顣
˹̫ںȲ裬ɫһīɫߵļ޺ëȼףǶŶĨʮֵӺݻ
ֻȴǴֱֲԹ˵ĸһæҲòȥڹϣҲʵǽġ̫һֱûʵŮУһֱţͻȻͳ¡
˵¿á
̫֣е⣬ҲͲ˵ˣλɽ˵˭ȵ۵ĸ磬ԭ̫ӣȴǳҵ˷ϣȵ۶һֱΪأܶʱԾ鶼ȥ
ʱ飬ҲǳһģҪȥһġ
̫󿴵ˣ࣬Ҳĵʵǲ˳죬ҲһȻҲˡֵҴӷɽǳȥݰȥ
ΪȻ˵˵ǡӰѶ˳˵ԭӦ÷һͬȥģӹʵǲ͸һЩѡ
־Ͱѹѷŵ̫ǰ̫һһɫ˰׺ëĳӣϸܣõĵ壬ɫҲոպã̫ȻϲɫΪѾӶҲôɫģɫȴôͻ
̫Ȼϲģ˵ô䣬ȥʲôھǺúõţٲˡ
˿̫ɫ֪ϲѣҲŸ
һ˼̫¶ƣ̬˹Żص˼УѵһӾһһٷɢˡ
ʵ۳һ£ڶԶڱԺ֪ˣڿ˱ڶҵĵҲʮֵĺã׼ڿҵ꣬ӹ
ïëһԸˣ̲ѧҽ̹ƫ̲ζ˵֣ϲģСѾߣϲȥѧһЩı£ȻĬ¡
ïʵҲ֪ĺ⣬ҲʧʮֵľŲ̲ѧ
ˣӯһӪգܿܰǷǵӻˣʣµȳԿֵꡣ
ïһЩӻȥ
ïˣΪʲôү˹
ԭƻ˵ָĸһͬסģĸµˣٺȴϼҴţ߻ûźãָĸǸ鷳Ȼˣ˵ʵǵģʵԼլסĸ
ӣҪǼǸô˵
ïʵҲµģǿԺα˴ãһģֻĵĹϵȴϲ̨ģָĸ۰̣
һи˵ɡ
ʵֺγĸǾûǵźڰѸĸӹȽϺʣʱҲ췹ɰĺӣĸҲԭ
ï˵𾩳ʵ۳ūȥʱ򣬺üһǶ飬ӻʹŵ˶֣ǵǰ涼סˣҲ߶
˵үȥˣ
ï͵ū澱ʣͿү˵үˣȴݵĲУϵ׳Ҳֲõ˵ƼҾеľ֮ʦ
ʮֵļѣ̫ڹвܳ裬иѹҪǳ˸үƴս̫֮ضûˡ
ûү
ïҡͷ˵ûУ˵ү˺үҲһˡ
ȴԽԺݲ򵥡
һת۾ͿˣӣԺҲûˣҲԽԽˣҲȥ
֮رϲĶôĶգͻȻïȥһֻС롣
ʲô׵ģЦҡͷһ棬ҲûҪˡ
һܹɽҵģһֱڵźүӣȻ¡
ɽҵһֱڵûˡ
һɫļ޳Ϳ¡ĶӣҲҶ࿴˶˵Уǲû˵˭ĺӣȻҲ˽˻ȥʵȴǵĵġ
Ц˵¡Ȼï˲ˮ
ɽҵæҡͷ˵ˣū澲ʡֵүӵŮҵˡ
ʲô
ǾȣһֱûзүѰŮһֱûʲôϢ˭֪Լˣ
ұ
סˣïȥ¹Ͼ׼ȥ￴үʦѵʱ򣬻Ŷȹѹأҵ׵ŮζҪȥġ
һΪʦΪŮӶ˵ҲǸһġ
ɽҵҲûˣΪ붬֮Ӳ㣬ͺˣӣȴ·һʱŵţ˵ˣ㡣
˵ɽҵģïͲҲʮֵĵģһʱսսģ
·̲סɽҵģôҵ誡
ɽҵ˵ͽϣүӳȥ·ϿһŮִ߽ӣʱŮӵүӾ߲·ˣȥ׷ˣ׷ݣק˿޵ĲС
֣Ҳ˲ˣھǣҲҵѽȥѯʣɽҵľ˵ճɲãԭĶҲˣʳͻص˾ˡ
¶˼ɫ
ּǣ֣Ӻ˽ȥ˲Сײһֱǰ档


115 
⼸һֱڸúһСԺס, ȻֻҪϣ;ʮֵ
̫׻ǸԼ, ѡܱӼҵˡ
Ӽҳױǣ˽ȥӼҵĶͬӼҵļݣĸҲ, , ˹ְ, һͬѺ, Ϊ漰̫˸ն
˵Ӽǳˡ
ݣѵ˯һʱѾˣϴ, վͭǰ, Ӹε롣
С, Ҳ˰ʾ, , ȴûȥһʼҲԼϲ, һΣȻεճǻʱǸԴĳŮ, ÿοʱ, Ŀⶼġ
ϵʱ, 𴲸ϴ£ÿֻҪðİθɾһ̲סʱˡ
ʱҾƶﵫܿùȥĶޣͮͮľڴϵĴϲ죬Ҳޡ
Ǻÿѽ
һʱ㱣ʱɬ˵ϲ忡ݣò˰Ҳˡ
ʱͶˣǲϲӡ
ˣ
ԱߵӸ˺ӣһŻعʵĭҵأ
ĭҵɶҲ飬ǳʱסڸú棬ҲҪ
ʵɶǺüΣҪǱ͸㣬ͱˣֵҲɫѿٶҲûˡ
֪ˣȥ˷ȥˡ
ͷշһͿɶʳйڵİϣˣˡ
һˣһ嶹һǳݿˣһ뺣׷̲סü˵ʲôȶûУ
ɶǲ󣬸ںÿӣ˵үū澶ӣ˼۹ףܳϷͲˡ
ɫͻ䣬ĿɶӼұǣȥΪ˾Ӽң޶ˣͨӣǱǮȴǺô
ȻҪźֿԲûӣỨģ֮ǰִŵģûӣǼˡ
ɶ˵зԾѾܲˡ
ҲûٱԹʼԷ˵ҲǺЦǰô޵ģȻͰЩ˶ԹˣⶹҲˣǸҹģϸ֣һڶ۵ĲУЩϣǸҹ΢һЩҲǣȥĳףûһ˿ζ
ȻԹˡ
ʲôֲϣ֡
ɶҲǶԹģԭƸϣԺûˣ˭֪Ӽҳô飬һӾͷⲻ٣Ȼһ㣬鲻˵һѣϾܵ˸ø˸ԺסϾһڸ󳼣˶費һھֱӱڳ˵ط
֮͵ûһ㣬ܾҪƲϵ
ҪƲƲɣҪͰ ȴƫƫɶп˵ЩڵʱΪЩտˡ
ţɶʰܴ꣬ܺü˵ѾͷҪҿϣ飬ȻͰ㷢ˡ
ɶһ˿ǰūˡ
һɣĿɶ˵ΣأֻҪ㻹ĭӣһû취ѿ
ɶһӾסˣͷȴ¶ǿͷŭ
ʵĳ̶ֳһֱЩɶȻһ͸⴦õġ
žͬԼ˵ǰ㣬ΪɶѾߣʱţľ鸴ȼɶҲ
ʱɶææȥģִƺڼС
ԼúҵĿҲи޶ȵġ
ɶſȥһţĽݴͬ˿̵飬ôͬ˵ǰ㣬Ϊ˷Ҳֻ
굽˳ʵǼª˵ǳҲһéݴӣˮˮѾˣưӣ˰Űһ飬ʢˮ˹ˮʼϴ롣
ʱ洫ŵɶֱΧȹϲ˲ȥţ漴һһɫ㲵Ůˣ۾ףŵİɫմһɫգǱ
ˣ
˲ǱˣԴӼǣҩ֮һҹ֮ʲôˣֱӰȥ˸ùҲǶ˵ùòˣԲдҹϵЩЦӭˣȴͬһ㣬Ͷ
ϴ֪նֱ֮˹ȥ
Ҳ˵ĸףȴһڸ󳼵ɷΪҲǲģʱã֪ǸŹġ
ԱߵѾ˵үȥǻȥҲ֪ܻܲŻĸױŶʮ꣬˸ڽ
ﵱʱ˾̲סޣѾֵԷҪҪĿˣԺҪ˭
ʱ⻰һӾȻӼҷ˰ԹŲ漰޵ŮӣҲ¡
ֻҪţķ󣬻ڳΪ٣ܻ뵽취ǲǰȥкչһҲܱڵҪá
һҹ֮ͳˣԭнŮǼ֮ҲǴżԣȻҲᶯִ
һ̣ͺȻļѡ
ʹ˼ڼʰһŷҵˣ͸˵취Ӻ͹·ˣ˰죬ҵôһɵ£ŴųŲŷ֣ԭɫգҲ˲ˡ
ֻһ뷨Ǿε׽ס
󿴵ʱҲǳһû뵽ȻģڵϣίίĿţ˵ˣȥɣסʲôأѵŵĲã֪ԼޱʲôĲãǿ껹Сķݶϣһ档
ʵ磬϶Ҫ޵ģΪǰĲäĿȥģûʵԽĿϡ
õǰٿԺ¡
Ͼ͵ǲӼź򡣡
Ȼ֪󲻻׵Эǿ˵žĻ̲ס޵ˣС䣬ס£ⲻͱ𣿡
ҲѧˣȻ֪Ϸˣ֮䵽ôĺܡ
һȥӼҩ׬ӣ

ֵҲ㣬ҲٻȥˣΪ֮ɡ
ԼΪ󲹵ĿǶӣˣһʱú޵òУ뵽ӼҵùǱҲ̫ˣȻҲһֱֻܿʣԼСҲѽ
뵽ס⣬޵ˣҪӼҵޣȫˣ赽ȥʵҲûˡ
ȴ˿Ǹĺ֮ˣô׵;Ҳڷϻ溰ĭ˸ϳȥ
ĭմһ㣬ⳡϾͰݸɶ漴˵ˣذɡ
Ҳȥ
ĭˣҪ֣ŹùɾͲÿˡ
ᣬҲ֪ʿɶֹʱ򼱲ãǰ̲סȴŸڿиҶƷǩķǳɣǩһɫһ˫壬滹ųգЩͷˣһ鷿ʱ򣬼Щˣ׼ȥϴһ֪Ժ󣬴ʳġ
ԭҲʯĳģȻҲˣ
Ｅţ߳ԺӣΪ޵̫ӻججģڳϣ档
£ȻּǣǱ߻һڣҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻ뿴һ
һ֮үӸ˵ĲУԭһֱסںСԺģȴ˵Ҫ¸ڵլӣȻǸ˵ģϲʦģȥǻ˼׼¸ס׼ۣΪضκã۸Ƚϰ󣬼үھ֣һЩҲˡ
ˣƵģ˵Ҳʮֵͬ飬Ҳ֮Уֻϣܾ߳
һֱǹ誵Ѳ̫ȥ֮Ѿ˼ףּǣ׼͸誡
սžͿ׼˵óһλȴǸ˹ۿģǿ޹ͻȻ˵Ľ㣬һ쵰


116 
ּڶǻˢζ, ڣ⺮Ķʮֵĵ֣Щֺȫ޹ϵ
ȥ, ɫǱҲʮֵĲ壬ŶǺƫƫȴǲϸһ, һܴ, Ҳ, Ķ鱻˿۵һ, ϵױҲˡ
Ӽҵ飬˵ӼҲʱն˶ţӼҾôˡ
ǲͬӼңϾ˶, Ƿҩ֪Ķ˼, ܹǶж񱨶, ҲΪ¾Ǩŭ, Ͼ֪顣
ԤķӦ, ֮ˣصľԼǰ;, һû˼ֵȻԥҳ׻, ֻزȥ, һŮһ, 룬ҲҲŮͬһ㡣
ǱƲ
˲ĴǲǺ䣿ȿȲɡ
⻰
ҲŵģıͻȻ˵仰ֻûôѹ
ɡ
ȥԱߵż䣬ƽʱΪЪŵطҪΪطˣ˸ڵǶլӣүӺŮ誰ȥˣҲ
Ȼʮίģż䣬˵ĿҲûţǮﶪ첻ӦеصزʱҲʹ޹
ʱ֪ãȴֻǷйеѡ
֮Ҳû飬ȻҲ˵һٻĹף渡һ޺ɫܳһγŻ֪Ϊʲôһֱᡣ
Ҳ˵ĸвˡ
ʳԸοģѾˣ㣬ʮֵĺθڣƬеᱡϢĹͿˣǳۣմź͵Уڼ
͵͵ζһ𣬼㣬˾ζ
һ⣬ֳϺʳԼ棬ïϲ˵ʱ˵ӹпڸˣ涼򲻵ҲǸԼ˳Եġ
Ȼˬڣ͸֮ǰ׵ζǳĺóԡ
ּǳʱ˶θůģԵıģﻹ͸Ϊ֮ǰ˵óԣïһЩ
ţͷЦĳͷһʱȦ̲ס˵ǻ쵰䲻˵ͷҲصˡ
ߺïߣ̲סʵˣ𣿡ïҲûʲôĶ⣬ǿղģҲʵǿֵλ˿Ǳ֮ˣҿ뿪硣
ᣬ¹ǲ׵ĺ롣
һǰһȥ˺ԺүӸԴҵŮ֮ľͷرĺãѵ¶Ц˵ˣ
Цŵͷأ
үЦ˵أ˵Ҫһѧ֪Ͻˡ
һ˳ϴѣһµģıͶôһ磬ʱԵʮò
˵УȴҲûзÿιүѧҲˣ֮ͻ̽³գµӣʱͿүӣϾϵÿζࡣ
ЦŶ˵лַˣѺܺ
үӼҲǸˣȴֹүүǸѣôͽƷˣ
˵ʦɲҪ˵һΪʦΪҵףҲȻˣװһĸһѲѰôƷء
үȻǸ˵ģȻû˵֮䣬Ͱѱ˴˵ˣô誣ҲǸ˵ġ
ҲԽѧԽѣܶ˹ǹͼʮǴ׼˾ҪþãϴˣУˣǳķ
֮ǰѧϾˣĿȾǲͬ
ǵʱԾͿ誵Ĳв˻꣬誻æҵģѲ˷ڵϡ
үǸϿģһҲûЩ㵽ʲôȻԷնˣǶ˵
˳ȥ
̾ү춾ʱҲܲˣ̲סȥһʼ˾ǹսĳܡ
Żȥʱ誻еˮ
ص˱ԺܳЦ˵Ҳ֪ʲôһ㱳ɫ㣬˵Ǻġ
ʱ䣬ʺϳԺʣϾ䣬·Ҳỵ
ȥ˵Ӧ㡣Ҳ˭ģ϶Ժ㣬ôԶҲʵѵˡ
ô
ǰںݵʱԹΣҲס˳Էͼˡ
гϰʰϺһȻǻȥ࣬õгһ룬ټκϾ
ȥһϵʱƺˣСļˡ
ϵպܺˣĻ׼ۣƤִ࣬ǳóԣּ򵥵ûмӺܶؿζĵϣǳˬڣһھ̲ס˵ͷ³ȻǸ˵زУһֱʮܵõĿ϶Ȼҫ
θڴ󿪣ԼͳԵһ㡣
ЩĶһ峤ˣɼҲСǸСˣԼԶʳó϶һЩָǳ
װһݸïïһ㶣Ц˵ï͹ȥɡ
ҡ
ôȥģϾʦТӦãϻһ㿴Ҹȡ˻ģŪïΡ
ï޷ʳȥ˲̲εס
***
ȥ֪ȥð̲סȥȥ˹
Ԩڸ칫飬ҲڹԼʹʵ۲ҲȥǱߡ
ҪȻܵģǴӹҹɫŻص˼ªס¹¿յԺӣһʱ˵ȼš
ϣ̲ס٣ȥסıԺһ·໰˭ģֻǵŵ˱Ժû֮ǰƣȵ˰ȥ
Ϊȣ뿪ˣ
ǲһεûдŭ˰ȥż֮ʤ׼һΡ
ԭΪϴǰͻȻͱʮֵ壬ȻÿοĶӣ϶ʾŭ˵ơ


117 
ʮֵİ, żֻѾ߶ĽŲڵźϵ̫ʦϣŲˮ, ȴһȲȥı, 𾪵Ŀ, ̲סʵ, , ǲպͿˣ
ԵЩ, ż߳ŭ, ˵, ˵ĺӣ, Ůҵ, ֻӲܼ̳ҵļҵ, ֻ, Ҳġ
̲סѲ豭£˵, ô˷, л˵ˣҺʹѾԵˡ˵ï˵, ͿͰɡ
ï˹һʱ߷߽, ֻǿ¡Ķ, 뵽Ǹĺӡ ʱһЩǲǻ᲻һ
Ȼ, ȥ˻ư֮, ɫָİ׾, ԳԭΪУɫһŮеһֹϣĽƲߡ
ֿܣȻǰʱľ£ȴ£ϤǸģ
ΪΪӦǵ飬ƺҾģпɿڵķˣϲĲˮһļѣʵãǵ֮ŷ֣ΪҲΪڡ
Ҳ޶֮ˣ֮ǰΪ̫ȻǵһȻͷ֣ʵ˾ǰѡ
Ѿ˵ԼĻȴ˿ΪȻģֻϾǲǰǰΪˣ侲ķǰ״
УҲ˰ɣ
ĿĮĿȫȻ֪ı䣬ĸۣñߣʹûоġ
֮ӣȻƶȻĸȻʱʱҪŴĸɫӣСǸӣĿһֱ˲Сӡ
ԭ仹󲻵ÿ
ΪʲôٳûнţĿĽϬɫҲ侲ΪŮݣȢ㲻ǣҪĺΪҰֲɣЦ
𾪵Ŀ
ֵ㲻ΪԼ룬ҲҪΪ룬䲻ʲôӣҲԶ֮ˣ˵Ըĸӡ
檣
ȴҪͬ⣬ϣǰķޣԺҲǣҲ缺
Щ˼飬ʮޣ֪ÿһ̬ġ
Щݣڴֵŵû·ݵλֱǾ֮õ飬ûɲӦ
Ǹ򣬺Ǻǣҳ
Ŀȴ˼֣ͻȻʲôʱˣ
סȴ˵ҪһǮסȢ̼֮ŮҳˣױҲùˣҲҵԸ檣Ǵĸĵ ˵檵ʵҪҶѣҪҽڱҶѣǰӵǴȢ˹˼ƼϣӼѣһϡ
Щʥ鶼ȥˣ
ǲŮ˾Ǹһ붪Ͷ
ѣҪֿӭȢʱ
㣬㱡֮һź»ȥ
ĬĬĴӴ͵óŲЩ鸡ͷۺ棬Ѿˣͺ̬һ㣬һ󺮷紵ֱ¡
ĻͻȻԭЩȻ㱡˵ûԼȴζ
ȴǡǡΪҪ顣
ȻǲĵģһʱҲ벻ףһֱ£ʲôΪݣʲô󣬾ʲôʽȴû˸֮ô˵
ߺҲԭһï˲ˮһӹ˵ˣ˵춼ˣԵ𡣡
ÿڿˣһӣۣǳóԣԺģ֪۵زȻһʳȴʮ⡣
һӣžýе֮
ïɫöˣ˵ū澵ûҲͷ
ȴҪѧûкҩѡ˵ֺںʵˣ˵ˣϳʲô
첻˵˫Ƥ̣
˶ʱʣʵˣ
˼ΣǲԿڡ
ߣȥ͸ïһͬȥ˳ϼŶӹĲУ˵ôѾˣҸ˹ȥǡ
͵ҳζ
ųһڣȻЩԾʵʮƯ״ɺɻŰ綹һ˫Ƥ̣ζȴûпóԡ
ȡ
ǳ˵ҿǰĲģﲻԣ
ʵҲûһγԻ͵ʱʱһ䣬ŰԣٲôǱϾǳԷĶܻȻһζˣζĻ ǼģԵμδ׽ȥ
ūԡ
˼һصһ¶˫Ƥֳ̹һڣֻۣţеζǰԵζ
ϵ˵
***
ɽλں޺;úͿĽ紦ɽϳ걻ѩΧƣǺ䣬ʵ۵ĶƺƵɽȴҲʮּѣụ̂ϲŵɽ
ʵ۵ãϱ̧ȥģǿЩӭӵĺǣѾվһˣ弸Ҫˡ
ԺſڣʵԷ̫˽ӣֵӭ½ʵۼǵʮǰһ㣬ûʲôı䡣
᷿һУªڣΪصĴϴŵķ飬ѵ۾Ƶ˵Ǽˡ
̫ԭĲͣǿǰߣķ绪ïһӾ̲סᣬߵһԣôˣǰӲǻ˵úõģһӾ͡
ϲǳֻضѣĪҪ̫ˡ˵̧ͷۻʵۣʵϾʹ˹ȥ
£ֻһ»Ų¡
壬ֻҪܰ쵽ģȻ߾ܡԺ㿴̫˵
˰ģͷ˵
˵˵ǻʵۣ̫ɫҲ˼֡
ǼҪȵˣԲˡ
ŻسǵʱǱԤƻҪ˰£̫ҲãʵҲãżߣȻղǶڵھе
ıůһ̫ͻʵʵ·Ϲ꣬û¡أЪйͼеһͬ˸Բѡ
Ȼ򵥣ȴķȽڣʮֵڡ


118 
ͽů, ڵѩ̲סЩϾһ, ܳԵʵ߲, Ͼů, ռڳĲͬ, ζһЩ, һԵï˵, ó, ˮĽҲʮֵĺóԡ
·ԽԽ, ҲԽ˵⻰Լزסˮ
˵˰ҲïӦ, һͷͿһֱǣŵһ˺Цվ, ˵, , ̣ϾͿԳԵˡ
ԺһʱסԺ㻹Ϊܹ, ׼·Сһ, ȴվԭأһӾͺȦ
ɲܿޡԺ㿴Ķ, ǵĲУϾزĶȴǴһֹ, Ȼ֪, ԽٽڲԽǳ, ûд, ǵǡ
Ժ˵ŻԼ˹ȥ, İ˻ǶӾͶԺĶϣģΪЦ
̲˵е飬ױղʵҲû޵ģǾͻȻЩίֹסˡ
Ժ㲻̫ĸűĪˣҸ˲ٺöҪҪȴǺźһġ
˲ᣬ˵ҴʲôֲǺӡĿȴģڴģԺ̲סЦ
Ժȥã·ȣϵѩĲ࣬¶ݻƵĲϸܿ۵ɫǿݲµС磬Եó
յ䲻ȵģϽģ⽥յĴ⣬Ҳá
ʵʲôʱģֵôǰ˵һҲ׼
ʵԺǰģ̫ӻں棬ؾҪյʱ䣬ȴһֱǣʵѰ̫˵һǰˣ˵ǰҲʮֵľգȻЩ
ǿʱ;еһжֵõġ
Ȼ¡
ǻʵ۵ң׺ҲӦãԴӻԺݿʼ;òԾڸ׸ȻЩ˽ģҲЩϣм汾µģҷֵأʵߺ⾩еҲల£ġ
ʵԺǰʲô
ʵۼһֹģ֮ǰʻʱЩ֪ˣʵҲǲ֪ݣУֿ쵽ʱڣǴ̼ȥڸ֪ʡ
ںܿ͵ãſһ˸ߵˮ糵ȵĲУʵүģ
ˮ糵ʮ־£ʯģһˮһģˮľʵķ糵ܣһ紵ŷ糵תˮͻ˳Ͳһ㣬һĸ߶ȡ
Ժʵϲﻹ㡣
ȻϲҪΪ̫ͣ£ԺСķ˵ҷ㡣ŲʵҲǲҪΪ̫ж㡣
ˮֻ㣬һЩˮݵʮֵȤ˵һϲġ
ԺҲǸ׼ģ̲סĶӣ˵Ҳǣء
Žãڵİ˰Сɽһģһʼ˼涼ˣǲ˹ľʹӴСͬƲͬмʮϻСľʲôģľʲôľͲ˵ˣε˵үǰѼж𣿡
ԺЩȻʵһʼҲûô࣬һֱ̲סһЩͺԺõŵģʹ
Ժӻ˸ÿοϰһݣΪ
֮ǰү͸ˡ
ԺȴһҲ޷
ԺĿ⣬ҲԺϣֻͻȻһʵүǲǺܽţ
ԺסϾ˵ûе¡˵⻰ȴֲһ䣬ŶҺˣҽֻܷĵһµġ
ԺȻ˵ްȴ޾ϸİţʱĲúˣ֪ʵܵģΪ⸾ӵ飬û˵˲κϵģȴ뵽鶼źˡ
ԣү˵ǣƽġסԺֹ֣Ȼ˵룬Щ
ᣬ¶ȣԺ㽹Ҳ
Ժñط꣬Ȼ໰Ҫ˵·ϵԺȻһһ𣬵ɫȥ׼ţԺȥԡȥˣ֮ǰ򵥵ϴһһ·Ϸ糾͵ģҪϴһˬ
Ժһ·ͣ׼̲һʳóѼӣ˸Ѽ
֮󣬴󲿷ֶǸ˵ȥ˵׼ţҲǸ϶̼䣬ʱï˹߶˼䣬ü˵ģ
ˮ˵ġ
ȻЩжïҩˮȥ᷿ԺѾԡϣѡ
ǲƤˣ
Ժ죬תһ룬լȻҲӲ˵
ȴǲϣƿԺԺҶҲˣͷһȻڲƤˣһƬ˴Ӳ̲ǱŪҩˮšƿӣһЩ˵ү̡
ҩˮĨȥʮۣԺ㿴۵̬ʱʲô˵ˡ
һԺȥסļȴ죬ȻЩˣ˵ֲǲչԼүֺαż
Ժͷգ˵㡣
̲ס˹ȥԺ㵣ĶӣæӹպҲţϲģȻԺĻ˵Ҳ
˿һʮֵۡ
ԺѾûԵķˣһ֭ŨѼֻθﶼůģϺ㣬˱ѼϲԵģһ뷹ŷ¿
žȥߣҲʮֵ⡣
һߣȥ֮ͷãǼʹﲻӻҪֻЦݲڣһģ
ﻹһȥȴǴδα⣬ֻһգԵøеĭ˵Ҫʹ˵
ĭֺ֪ˣȻһֱҪȥҲһֱʮֵֹжȣ뻹ȥ
⼸նû˯ãɫȻãȦҲأһ˲ĲɫۣȴȻŵݡ
ﲻò̾ʹǱʱҲǺÿģҲֲԼġ
㵽׻Ҫʲôʱ򣿡һ̲ס˵
ͷˣˡ
ʲô


119 
, ãģʱ, ȴǾ׹Ԩ, 䡣
˵, , ô, ȴȫϲ, һȻʶ, ֻǸ˲Զѡ
ɫ, ŵģ˵, , ѽԼ״, ̲ס, ˵֪гĳ£ʵû, ǳ޴ӷ, ʼ, УӦΪҿ֦ɢҶ, ˴,   ҲĪҪӡ
ﵽ׻ǲͬ, ֪Ϊ
Ҫ, Ȼǲӵ, Ͼﳼ֮ŮȻﲻŮӣһңԺǲã취ӡ
ȻĻ
ͻȻ͸⣬£˵ȻоͲҪˣʰ£Һһȥ
ֱϲ⣬Ͼ͵˸ʰһ°ɡ
***
̫ʹˣȻ첻ˣԭ뾩ģ·꣬˼գָ̫һ뱫࣬˹ȥ̫˼ȴǲˣŸ·ɥµ׼ʵЩۡ
־ȥ£ʵ۴եѾˣַ£ҵϻӣɣǵúǹģζӦòȻҲ׵̫ǰó£ζȻĺóԣƵĸо
˺Ȼˣ˰ϣ¸̫˽ȥ
ֵ̫ۣȰοֳһڣʱ˵ζ ɵζóܿͳԵļ˵ףƵƵͷ
ų̫ʵҼǵϴα´Ѿˡ
˵ǹġ
̫֣־ĵû˵һ̫¶һЦ˵Żؾǵ빬
ֵͷ˵ūּ
ԭΪ˴꣬·Ţϻʵǰȥһ̫ʮᣬͻȻ;һжӭж
һ룬·гҲòôˡ
һת۾͵˾ǣ빬̫֮ȥԡϴһˮݵƤԡͰǰһָϽѣҲ䣬ֻʮֽĽ˸̫ͷ
̫˵
˵ˣԺҲûˡ
̫˸ͷ۾˵أ
û
̫ȴû˵ҲǲˣȻһҲûи漴ֵҪʲôʱ
ūһ͵Ϣȥܼˡ
̫ʵ޲ϾͼˣŹүҲջȥʱǷž۵ʱҪǷù빬ԵЩˣֻס
ʰ׵־ͽкţûȲˣǱƽʱԵĶ࣬ϲѡ
λôѽּ̫ʺܸߣҵյʵ
˭̫˵ͳĬΪ˭ˣȥĻиһŮӣŮδȡ
̫ȻԴŮǺģҲõ˵Ȱڷɣõȥú
ȵڵʱǼסˣֵʵȴûҪδҸסȻǺɵ顣
ūּ
־ͳȥδȥˣŮӽѾʮˣҪѰ˼ѾˣǼ˳ȥһֱסڷɽ£δϻΨһѪȻʮģһת۵˵׵ͣѰ˼ƲϣҪ˵ӵܣΪƫƧĵطԼϵô䡣
ϻ嵹ǰŮĺܺã黭ǫѷ˳һŮģҲʮƯ
һת۾͵ӣԺЩţ⼸ԺһֱڱԺ粽ĸﲻ
ԼǺ򶨣Ҫ˵ҲǵһȻҲȫ޸дҲᵣǺ£Ϊߵ̫ˣرԺ㣬Ū
۾ͿԺڴϿ飬峿ĲϣӳĵԽʳȣһʱ̲ס࿴ۡ
ˣԺ㿴Ͼͷ飬ȻʵҪ𣿡
Ѿܴˣÿ춼ǲ˯ҲԼЩԺ㶼ͷʵүղóˣ
Ժﻹ˼عȥͷ˵áСķһֻֻĶӣŰ
ïˮ͸ϴ磬ʵˣ𣿡漴˵ū澽·߿ˡ
ȣǺ̲ܿס˵ˣǿҪڵ㡣˵̲סˮҲû취пʼرڸǵס
ïЦһū澾ȥժţܳˡ
ϳԵϺ࣬ţͷԼļեˣһˬڵʲˡ
θںܺãΪ̲˵ҪƷȻӹǲÿζֻ԰˷ֱ
ȻÿζЩܣȥԺԷԺ㱾ԵͦõģĲÿһܺθڣȻԵĺͿͲˮˣʵʣԷ¿˵˰ɡ
үԱ𣿡
㡣Ժ˵ס֣ʮֵۣ̲סЦ˵û˵ŲԷģ˵Բ˭·ȥߣүٹɡ
Ժ㲻Ͼվ
ԺҲǿԲŲ̲εҽĲҲǲ̲κõģ뵽ĻҲ⼸ˣҪǳԲʹˣҲûƴǡ
ԺҲһʾȻȥɽ
Ȼ֪зִ磬ľսĸ˳ïѾߣڵˣЦĺòġ
Ժڷһģ˹֣˵үҲ¡
ԺͺȻ˹ȥųͷ
ںεƲ죬Ѿֲˣû˵ˣʵ۸ԺҰˣǸӣͲ˵ˣ͸һģ֪Ժ֪ʵ֮ʲô顣
ãȻվԺСķȴˮϻĲУҪˣˣ
һʹ̲סüԺ㰲οĻ𼱣Ͼͷȥµģһĸƽġ
ԺǳĳȣҲŰҪԺΪźüζûʹ



120 
һһ, Ժһ˾ͷɿȥ֮ǰúõĲ
յſھͿһˣҽ, , в̲, һֱ, ϢѸٵĸ˹
ڴ, ò̲θ
Ҫòſ, Ȼͣ, 
ֻ˶ȥ, Ժȴǳٳûų, ֪Ĺ, Ͼڳ, ͶԺ˵, үҲȥɡ
ԺĿ, ſ, ȻΪʹ롢ݵıһӾͱ˺, ɫɷ׵Ļͷ
ǲ׼ƿȹڣ¶һ, Ҳ֪ҪҪ, ˼ҽ, ǸŴ, Ŵû, űƼԼˡ
ǶķҲûǰģһŵɫ׵ܻ
ſڰο˵үҪģްԺ޷Ӧսֽ֣͵ŮӾ㣬ﲻʹģ
λүĵʮӢͦƲһͲѰˣŵһμʱ򣬴ҲҴǽţԼֹŭˣǴ˿̣ȴͻȻãԭǰϵҲǻΪ˵ǵѰѡ
Ժͷĵͷŷſ֣׼ߣ롢һʱɫ׵
ֿЦãûľҪԼʹҪοԺ㣬ǿɫײģҲǵһμŵģ
ûµģŲţеĻŵùİɣղˣûʲôףүֻȥžǡ
ϸĻԺסּԼʹ֨ˣ˵ҳȥˣҪʲôֻܺңҾ档˵ԥ£ʮصľ֣ڴǡ
⼸һֱЩۿ͵ӣ²ţԼͲ̫óЩѾ׵ҲҪ֪֮ԼóľͲҪȥκϡ
ȻЩϲܷǣǽǮȴʮֵĴ󷽣һӸգװҪɸһֵͬ꣬ˡ
һӣǹġ
ǼʹҲǵĵģ͸˵˾ͽ⼸ȴǳٳûϢ
ЩѰ
үƵƵ񣬺̶ȴõԣ̲ס²豭ʵտʲô£
˿Źүɵɫס˵ûе¡
֮ͱүȥ԰ɢȴ̲סԵȥԺҪˣһҪ֪
ƸĺӣһҪſá
ҽ̲ε˶᷿ڵţ᷿Щ˴һЩǶſںȲֻĵĵȴûһҳȥƵģԭǱģԺվڲ£ɫɫѿˡ
ģ˭Ҳȥǡ
һʼĺܹ˼һЩ˺ʹԽԽأҲ͹˲ôˣǲҲ֪ͷһ̥ûһһҹģ⻹ǿģҹҲǼˣһ̣ۣҲҪ̫ķѾĺȻʱɾûˡ˵һľƬŸɾİײҧסܾҧ
νΪĸǿԭʹͣһӵĻʱͲˣ̲סĵİַ¡Ķϣƺܵ飬£ӡ ˶꣬˵ΪģΪ˺ӣûʲô̵ġ
֮۶ۣҲҧסľƬֻ׽סï֣ҲẰôˡ
ԭеʱԺɫĲУϵأԱߵ˶ҿҲСģǽֻ޲Ժûע⵽
ûˣԺ㷴ֽ˵ȥô£ ԺεİοԼǲ᲻ĻʺһʬĳʱȻʹ࣬Ƕ˲ıߺʧ
һ̣ȴſܻʧȥֿ֮˵Ŀ־塣
Ժ֪ԼԽʺ󲻹ƽԪʺҲƽľƫģȻǻںԼϲˡ
ˮ⻰æ˵ү𼱣ūȥʡ
ȥھͿͷ󺹣֪ǺĹϧͰˮһԣŽɾĽӣšȻ˲ͷϵĺˮвӺֱۣȵ¶ʱһЩ
һСѾߵײײܽ˵֣ү浽ô£淢Ƣأ
ֺЦ˵ˣū澽һӣүͿʼżˣ
һԵĲҲЦ˵ū澽ٵĺ˵Ҳϰٸˣͷһμŵģ˿Ǻøһ֪֪ȵķ
û˭ԸƽʱʮֽϾִ˼ң˵һ仰ܾ»ֽĻǻིһЩϾ˭ȻΪܲ԰׵ϸһĨЦ
ȥү˵һɡ
СѾ߸æͷܳȥԺ㱨ŶΪ̫żڵϣɼԺ㷢Ķ
һְ֪Ժڰġ
ȼԺһڲˮŲ˲ͷϵĺӣ̲סţüһǺСһ𣿾ͲҪȥˡ
ӡǸκ鶼ʮֳȣ̩ɽǰĻʵ۲̼ͬǵǰʺΣѶʱ򣬻ʵȻʹȴûʧȥ侲⻻˸˾͡
룬ʵΪϲҰˣӣŵΣСĺţ⻹ʲôģ
ǲ˵ǰ㣬ͷһ̥ģҹˣ߹ڻûȫŪԺּ˵⵽Ҫʲôʱ򣿡
ֺïСѾҩԺĲǲûԺ㷢ôսսĲˣǿס˵ūͽȥʡ
Žȥε˵һ̥ЩҲҪˣүȥЪŰɡ
ȴźüһżʱѾˣ治ˡ
ҩ˵ͷǽŵĿ֪ûүᰲĵģǾģΪԺ㵣ǾúЦϾûöѣһĨЦ˵үû£ղŵĻȥ˯һ
ҩųȥԺü˵Ҫôá
һԵ˵үкҽҲ˵ģҪȥЪɣֵôţʱҪǿס˯˿Ǻã
ԺҲ֪Լȥ˯ˣʵǷĲ£ִһʱǿȥ᷿ЪϢ
ֻ֮ǰſڶ溰ȥЪ
ӦʵûŲ㷭ۣʱңұֳȴʮֵĹï飬Ͼ˵Ҫūȥү˵
Ժ˰ҲûػҪͿïÿ˳үȥЪţһжͦõģҪġ
ԺïȻǺ͸ͬģï˵Ȼͱסˣ˼һͷˡ
Ժߺ󣬴ҼһҽҲҳ߶ˣһѾˮҲҲ߶ȵˡ
ǲҲͷ϶ŵһɽûˣ̬Ҳɡ
ȻֺֺЦǵߺ󣬿ûӰĴӣͻȻ;ʧ䣬Ҳ˵ʲôʵԺҲﲻʲôҲη壬ԼӦһС
вźҽΣвУïҲѧҽģҲʮֵģͷһѧľΰŮ
вһţָľǾǾĪʧ䡣
Ժȥ᷿һӲͻȻվڴһֵУﻹ˯ţʹء
ȼԺ㼱ʵ۵Գƶˣһܱûˣǵģ̲סΣ֪ǵסˡ
ȻӣԺȥվڴڵλϣ溰˯ţ㡣
Щ䣬ղŲŽ˶һǼȴǳԲȥֻ˼ڡ źģϣ⻰һӾ;ˡ
Ժֻ˼ڣʲôϲ˵ڶĽӣȥˣòã
žû˵⻹ǳԽӵģҳԵĶˣ׾͡ ĸλʢǸзִģȥԺ㴫סĺ˰ĺˮ¡
һҹڶһ磬һ˳ȻۣӦ֮ҲһǵϣʹͻȻͱ
ͣҲǽס۵ĽɰԺ㼱ˣһһʵ۵𣿡
Ҳ˲ˣ̫ˣֱ޹һʹ̲סһԵĲźˣūúۣĺӣҶôġ
Ȼ;һʹϮ̲ס
ŵʮо飬֪ΰû ԺһķӦˣãҪͷˡ
һͷҲ̫׬ˣ
ںܿ죬ȻʮֵڲŵĹþȫˣʱ۵ʱѾ۵ÿʧȥ֪ȫƾŶԺӵİ֧ţνΪĸǿ˵
ˣ
Ժ˻ߵĿ̲סȦ߬ȭͷִһ˻¶˾ģŵѾ˵ţҪȥ
ҶŵĲУүŮû˽ȥĵⲻ
ÿԺƣûֵܵס
ԺҪȻжȴǲԸ⣬Ǳˣӵ̬ͲҪ˵ˣǳѿҲ࣬ͷˮɢͷΪɫͨ죬С
үҪڳˣ
ԺҲں
ҲУ
żֱЦˣⶼʲô¶
ΪԺҪˣһʱղŵָʾʹ˼Ȼžϲĺͷˣ
ʱ;һˮһȻΣܿ죬һͰ͵ĺӾͱű˳ֽļƨɣӺĿ
ϲүǸСү


121 
ů¼, ðڹſڣžʮֵϲ, ̫ȴһ𾪵ֵĻ, ˵, λɵľڸ
ʵҲ𾪵, ع֮ڶʹ˹빬, ˭֪үȥ֮Ͳ, Ϊʹ, ּ, ǰæǰæĶҲ֮, Ȼûա
ϾԼ׵ܵ, ̫Ҳ, Ҳûм֡
һʱ, ź˹빬òѯʣȻչ˵Ļȥ, ڲŲ˳
Ȼʵ, Һ࣡
ڡ
̫վŷ, ػصⲽҾ˵Ϊʲôô, ԭݡ漴, ϵŮǧǧ, ΪʲôһҪŮһԼӵޣ
̫, ʱ鵽ʱҲ˰, ˵̫ʵѾںˣǸѰŮֻҪףҲǻͬģƫƫȴǸޣѿˡ
ȲҪ£ǺҪ̫סˣϾʱʲôûҪ
ūּ
***
ֱ֮ĿźӣĿ벻ճĺһ㶼Ͱ͵ģɫҲܺ죬ӵȴʮֵĸɾɫҲܰףΪճ۾Ļ󣬵ģǳ
ҵĺӡ˹Ҳʵճĺӣ壬ֻΪһۣȦ
ˣҾûճôƯСү
ŰѺӷߣССģģͷգֻտյĵطû
ڸϴʵղźӸճʱ򣬲ʹҪҪȱү Ůţ˺ӻᱧȥԺЩأֻŮˣүֱ۽磬ӽʼʹСֵģ㵢£ҪǿǮ࣬ǲˣûô׵ġ
Ժȴñ󡭡  ðӡԺǶ⺢ڴѾã˶ױ˴˵顣
źģϲˮܸӣʮֵȻŵԺ㣬ǻûסһӾ˯˹ȥ
ԺʱѾʰ׵ˣʵչأǲܽģ꺢ӣŲ˵طܼһϵڣѾǶԺľٶֲˡ
ڻһѪԺһݾͿ˯һ˫۾ܵĺӡ
̬㣬˳ӻʮֽ׳ǸӣȻ˵Ůһı˲֧ӦǴϲ¡
ָˣïҲˣҲˣ֪Ĳ̲θǸˣüһһӾǻʳˣȻҲǸˡ
Ժ㣬ڴϵĸӣֻһֱĶڴϣգֵͷȥӣĺȦľߣһ档
һѾǵڶˣԺ㣬˯ԱߵҡãĵĽá
ˣߴԺһתͷͱԺסˡ
ïϴˮҪȥϰԵĿһۣ漴ܿ˳ֶ緹ïȥϾˣЩԹ˵ʱЩ¶ǡ ү˰ɣҪǶ˿ô죡
֣үһֱзִġ˵еЩӣԺûİˡ
ïǸŲ̲ѧ⵽кǿзµģҪעǣʱסˣӸǲˡ
Ҳ֪Դӿү۾Ѿˣǿˣں
Ժĥ˶ͷŶͷ̲סһЦ±һԺ˵ˡ
ԺĻܵĻ֪Ϊ꣬ԻڲǰĹأǲӽģΪԺϾûе֪ȴ
ԺܵķӦֻĵĻϲʧȥǵԺ㣬Ϊѡ
̼ǵǰǸӣʱ֪ûһ䰲οȫǱԹС֮ĻΪķӦԺĹĲԽ
үҲĻ˰ɡ
ԺѾָˣֻʱĶǰ飬ͺиһ㣬Ͼôѡ
ֱĸƽžð
ȡԺɿһת˻⣬˵˵ӵʲô⺢ӱϾԺĻʳӣȻϸãҪολûмǶģȡš
д󸣣
Ժ㣬
ӵȻҪȡϻ˵СҲ椣ǹȻͬʵ۴㵣̲סЦ㳶˶ӣϾûָ
ҪҪҽƣԺһӾż
Ҳøÿ£˵ͷԺȥˣï͵ˣȻͺܿ͹ˡ
ϴֻ֮ѣָ߲ӻ򲼣ֺĸι̣Ҳһæʰ׵ѾһʱԺˡ
ڲ㣬ͷֱźӾͻԺ
̲֮νҽҲҲۣҵĽ۶һģûд󰭣ͶˣһҲһǳܽ
ԺȻϲصʹǡ
ͽֱò˼飬Ϊǳʮƽ𣬼ҪղסˣʱĲ²ͨ˼ңǹҲû˵ôʹ͵ģҪ֪ЩһӾͳԴˣƽӡŹ֣ǹٸĹѰ˼Ҹò
ǲһ㸻Ϊ˳۳ġ
СĿˣǾñЩ߸ϵҽиΪƽ׽һ㣬ʵλУʵ̫أū澿ֻѽǲա
̲֪ҲԾ˵£һĶǲһӾͶˣҲûˣмĵ˵ͷ
ŲŻȥŮϲĲУнӣ漴ָָң˵Ѿʰˣڿ𣿡
߲ˣʵĴŰɡ
ʲô
һڲˮ˵ҿǽһ˲ˡ
Ȼлģţи˸ͷ˵ү˵ˣסһʱ䣬ŷްٻȥ
żЩѵصģسǵıʿҪϣľĲУʵĵͷ˵ֻܷģһʵʵġ
ڳһֱԵĽӣֻú㣬ϵԽĺˣƤϺ㣬˹ˮҲǲ򵥣̫˾ζ̫ɬζոպãζ㡣
ҲҶԣֻ˼ֺһ̵
ԺźӣݣĲˣȥȴںֵʵǣ
Լι̡
ʲô
˵ģ˵ԺӺáĿᶨſӵʱȴȫΪ顣


122 
û뵽, һֻ߿࣬⼸Ϊչ˺Щ㲣Ǿͷܺ, ȻҲõࡣ
Ա, ӹˮ, һ, ̾һ˵, ܹ, үڼҲ˵һԸɣūҲ˲, λ̫˴ҲǼ, үϵģҲټ
Ȳֵ֪, ǵ֪ʵ۵, ҿҲˡ
ԵҲû̫С, ˵, ǣүɲѰˡ
ôǷ˸ι̣
, üһ, ԭ״ģһʱ֪˵ʲô, һź˵ūҲò첻ǣҿɫ, ȻҲֲַ, ߿ѡ
Ȼ, ˵һͨ, ǸԲ, ͰѲָסˣ˵ǣ⺢ļѣǷҲǳ֮С
ֶˣι̣/ˮ̫ˣϺһ̵Ҳû£Ǻ١
ڴգӣӺںι/̣պӾЩˣ׾Բһ˫۾ҲȫĴ۾ʮĿɰĲС
źۣſצ˰죬ȻǾûеˮᣬܿͱ죬۵Ŀ
۵ĲУź˰죬Ļﹰ˹Դһ˫Ŀ⿴ίͰ͵ĺܡ
Ժ߽̾ε˵ĸɡ
ԴӵĿ־һֱţĸ˵ϽЦ˵ӦøĸˣҪúӲǡ
ӵĸĻĳ̣ȻЩᣬҲġ
ï緹ӣȻǳԵıȽϷʢ̵ĻƶԭƽʱȺ̵һȻѾȫˣȳ
Щ˶ǳģζȻпɣûǲһЩζӣҲԼȥ
θڵͦõģֻ̳մ˴л͵Ľͣﲻܳؿڵģֻ˺ٵһΣͻմ㽴ͳԡ
ǳһͿʼ߹ƵģǳãڼڼϽͱζڿоʳܡ
ԺԵĻϲָһ㣬˵Ե㡣
䣬ѾĵģȻѾ̱ĸ˯ˣԺĻԼĶӣŸûãӻǹģ˵ܶԣûˣǰ·ϡ
Ժȴھͦãģǰ̫ˡ
ĸŮӶϲţҲ⣬̲סЦ£棬˿棬ʹչȥһԺ㡣
ԺԼǹգȥЦĵݣΪ˺ӵԵʣ϶һŮӵ񣬽ļ£һֱչȥ
Ҳֱ˳ȥֻʣԺ㣬Ըţֲܳţ˵ѾůˣϾգǵá
Ժͷֱۣ߶ѩѾˣԺĻ̵ѿڴů£žʮֵȻ
ãǲܽд󸣡
Ϊ⺢ӵҲǷ˲;ôͦãԺȴϲĶҲȡ֡
ˣ
ͺˡ
һͶˣ⺢̫˵Ҳˣ˵ֺãЩ̫ˣѹס
ԺȴҵĶӣѹס֣
һֱԺɣӵģһѵ飬ѾˣԺôһ˵ʱ־
ͿɲѰ֣һֻ ȥԺ̬Ѱ˵ЦĵҲˣֻżƣֻ⾩ǹүϣҪ˵˭С  Ҳͻʵ۲ˡ
뵽һϾҡͷԺôǻʵۣҲ̫ĵˣܿͰͷԺ
ӱʮֿ飬ܳţԵҲ̫ؿζΪǵ̺ӣҪٶٺ̵ԲϲζķˣҲһּ尾
ÿοӾͻãһжֵõģõģõЦݺϾһеķա
ǺܹԵĺӣԱ˾˯˯ҲޣԼҡֽ棬ϲڴ£ҡˣ
һգź棬ŹãʰһȥˣʵνʰҲǻһѣӰͷһЩ
Ϊܳţ
ȻļҴҵģľױݣӺãɫ𪣬ʹҲԵʮ񣬶ҴСĴһѶ˵أʲôϣΪʲôҲ˵һҵһ
ⲻ鷳𡣡
ʲô鷳ģ˺Ȼ˵ԭҪӣԼ糾͵ģϽȥϴһֲŹ
ų࣬ʵٳԣҪһЩȻǼЧģҲһȦֹ
ȴۣ˵˵㣬ôݳˣǲûóԣҲǸ𣬲ҪӣҪ֪Ǯ׬ӹǰ˾ûˡÿϱӵĶǳ԰ֵģټġ
˵˵ĻһˣһС˵Ļڹϵû£ĳ̶ֳԽˣȴΪĿĹػǲزסģЩ׻
ʲôʱģ۲ۣͲһ˵ţ漴ס֣ίˣҪط
ůůģ˵ӿǲףͶֵˡ
𣿡˵￴ҡĺӣʱ;ϲЦ˵ϣ⺢ӳĿã۾Ҳ󣬰ְֵģЦ
Ͳˣ˶ϧЦݣϾİѹ˵ĶڵˣҪȥǲңϴСʱΪûȣˤڵϣϴ񻹻иС˰ֻ̣ƤȻĶˣֻ˵վ￴
ЦʵҪҪ
ˣұֱŵģ㲻֪ǼϴСʱʱұ
˲ҴϾˣ˵˼Ҫˡ
ѹ͵ſڣȴЩΪʲô£ȴЩȻʵϴҵʵǺóԡ
һ㶣̲סЦ˵Уأֻܽ˵һǡ˵Žïһˡ
˺ܸˣ˵ҲǱ£ʵǺóԣ̫ҲԣƼҲš
һ̲סʵȷɣ
ǵȻζҸ˵ҼϴϱҲúóԣɻҲû򵽣ʱһԾ֪ˡ


123 
ߺ, þòƽϢӶǸղŹ˵Ļ ΪõĶϺõʺ, Ҫĺ濾, ǱԵĻҪЩһЩ, Եûեһˡ
֮ǰƸ, ǻǰ, Ӧó, ˹, ϲһЩ, ҳЩԺȥ
ǰԺͻȥˣ, û˾Ҫ, ҹ˵, ٻҪʳ, ȻϲԣȴԵʡ
ï߽ɫЩ, Щ, һ㣬Сʵ, ˣﲻ
ع, ʵ, үǹ, ˵Ҹô죿
˭ï
˭, ڳָͷ, ˹ĿתĶ覡
ĶˣӵգҪȴǱסʳָССָͷ׽ģʮ
ǹеλôĶӾǡ һ𣬾Ҳ̫ĵˣϸһ룬ɻͶԵˡ
ƸԺη壬ʱ;ȻֵܣƸҲ̫Ժˡ ˿һαɽʱ򣬼Ͼõ˱ʿʱֻΪΪԭֻ룬ǹҲѸݣҵʱλ̬ǱϹϾġ
нӲźҽ֮ǰΪͰˣǰջǲѯ֪ԭ˺һԺ
ԺΪʲôҪôΪ֪飡
ïɫԽԽӣ˼ǹæ˵ˣҪԵʲô
̺ӣǶĺܿʱ⻰ǻع˵ԿѼ漴ԼҪ̺ӣεʳȻǰǸζʱɺ
ïﲻ֪˼ܳζĲȣҲܵ飬˵ˣҸȥһ̿Ѽ
ôУһ̺ӡ漴ԼһʱҲûƢˣȥïͼ˵ˣٳһûµġ
һϾ˰ݿѼѵóԵĸˡ
***
˺޲þסıԺǺʵƯ⻹û¾ཱུģ˾ͻЦӺõĲУ͸ƸСʱһ㣬ƸСǺƢ˭ŶУֹġ
үһֱùЩӶЩˣ˸ͳȥˣŻȴһˡ
ڴͷۣҲˣƸΨһѪȴֶûУڿĳûиߣ¶Ϊ˵ɷûС
ⲻ뻹ãԽԽ絶
үʱŴϵͷϣһģŹүһŵ˵ﲻ
һͷʱ;ĲУôˡ̲סչȥϸƸŷ糾͵ģҲ࣬°Ͷˣ۵˵ҵĺöģǽܿˡ
ƸҪȥ£үǺܸ˵ģùһֱڻ
үصĿһƸŵĶӣϾ͵ΪҺãȻڼӣҲǸ취ǣ˵۹үɫ࣬ż˵˵һǵûġ
˾ȵĿŹү˵ôðˣ
һֱˣΪŰ
˺Ǿϲ̲סŹүЦЦЦŮһ㣬һӾү΢죬˵ûˣ϶໰Ҫ˵ȥˡ
Ͼ˵꣬ҸǼ¡һϾͻȥǼһŻ߹ɫǣöǳĵ塣
ƽʱ멶鷳ˣ˳èһɹ˸ϣΪ˸ӱүүİ˳ϵڵŦۡ
Ƹûˣм俪ʼ˾ᣬⶼˣ㣬 ñ˵ϵˣǹҲǸ֮µġ
뵽ƸֿѾ˻ʵ۵Ĺˣǰ϶ˡ
˰ɣ
һ뵽ǸƸЩסˣ˹үߣ߻˵ҪҪȥҽһҽȥԺ
ղŹүߵʱĵ֣ĲУɢȥ˵ͻȻ˵ַ֪˰ɣ
֪ѽ
˵Ҹպ׼һЩŹȥһ˹ºӣ׽˶ûУǹֿġ˵⿴ƸȻҲ¶۵ɫȷĺƸġ
ԭǺһȥģԼڣΣ˽ʱˣСȻĻҪ˵
Դϴ͵԰ݵѼ⣬ʳϾŬˮҲϡ٣ЩԱˣڳԿ⴮⿾Ľƣͣ߳Եϡ
ԵСȻǼΪ񫣬һԷҡ;һֱĿתĶţĿ¶棬ɰĲУ˵ͳˣԺòã
Ȼ˵ʲô֪ڶ˵˷ܵЦ¶һûɰĲС
ïվſڣһֹĸæܹ˵ˣˡ
æѳԵһݸï²֣ǲĸ˵ǵڶĸףǺܾģҡ ӻҪι̣ȷʵǲ˳ʳ
ղغã־һߵſڣһƾȻƸ
ȥʰһïƸȥԱߵãʱƸٶŪӣıţĺţҪҪȥ棿ȥǲУ㻹̫Сˣ£ʹȥ
֣ͣ£Ŀ˼ּƽϣ˵˵̫𣿡
Ƹ͵ǿɰཱུģ׾Ư㱧΢ζЦĲУէһ⻰Ͼ˵ôɰô᲻ϣ
Ƹ˵꣬ʱ;ĻͷĿҵ˵ǣ˵ͰձҲԺĸһĸˣôͲϡ
Ƹ˵껹ԼӦĺܵ⣬߹ӹӣڻĺ󱳣˵㲻ˣҶ֪ˡ
ƸɫһӾͰˡ


124 
˴, ԶԶȥʹһУƶѹֶ֣̫ʹ, ԱиСŮɡ, ĸں档
˹ſ, Ůůֳһ, ˵, ʲôԹ, ǲҵ˵Ҫȥ, ȴָ㿪ˡ
̫ʹ͡
ů˵, Ͻ̫Ը鶼Ϊ, ͬǿ档
ӰھͿ˳, µǲôɡ, ůڲ, Ȼǰ·ȴǺܹ˳ģ
ſڣŮÿ, ſڷ̴ľ, Ϳãϰ÷ƿ, һֻʵ÷ɢŵζ, δȴһʮ, һǶͺķ, Цӭ
, ͷˡ˽ʹ, 棬˵´󲻴󣿿ȵȲ衣
ֺϲδȣڹ꣬ټδ浾Ůӣٶ˷ҪǷǳı֣ҶЩС˼ǳϲĶǫѷֳŵŮӡ
ţΪ游޷ԭҲδȴС𾭣ĿȾԭɡ
ߺůʹͣȻǶ״װзϻһΣȻδȺúôԼ˼ˡ
˵ůշֵʱǺܲԸģһûģûиҵĹŮʲô·
˵δϻΨһѪʱϻͻȻҪңɻ磬ϥȴֻһŮٰδٰŮ
ԭ۵ģǰӣ̫ͻȻͶδʮ׽˵ĸ˷ʺҲƶһӣ·Ϊٰǽĸ׵ķš
һŮͻȻͱ˿̫УȻͺù
ůʮֵĸˣͷδ˵ҪҪԺϲ ŮӿܻƯΣοδȻǸòŮӡ
ȴδ˵ʹͣô϶Ǻģ㽻䣬úõš
ǰδƹܶĹŮ
ůȥδȣ˿ģ̲סŮҪǳǸ̫ǻˣˡ
һ̫Ȳ裬Ѭ¯̫ϲ̴㣬Ž˿Էģʵۺõԡ
㻹Ҫҵʲôʱ򣿡
˺ʵʱȻ͸˵ˡ
̫ػص飬ʵ۵ĻشˣڵԽԵϾȻ̫һǲԸõģݺݵӣһĻ㵱Ҳ֪ǸŮ˭Ǹ
֪ˡԺ㵹ҲûκεĳԾȻһֱҪΪ˱İΣֽס̫֪ԵȻ֪ˣҲ޻˵
㡭
̫ĸֱۣ˵˵Ǹǻӣ˵ŵĿŻʵۣ˵ʵԺ˲ˣǽԿԭ׼ֱӰѺӱǺ֣Ͳܡ
ԵҲ֪Ů֪ȥ̽ҲþȥΪӱ˵Ŀе֪ԼԱ𣬵Ƕ顣
ʵȻĵĻϲ˵ع죬;ѾǶˣΪѻ̫࣬ҲϾͻȥ
̫ʵиֵᣬŵԼĺӣǲͬҲ¾ˣ漴ʵ˵Ǹӣ
ӣڱӣ̫˼Ҫվڹ˰ݣ漴лˣ£ʲôģ
ʵ˵ģ׳ĺܣ۾ȴޡ
̫ļҪ۲ˣΪΨһǲȻҪ⻰˵ҵĹӣʵۣʲôʱ빬
ʵ۵Ӳû
ԭЩһӾͱʵ仰ˣ̫˻ȥֱͦģ˵ӿ϶ǱģǿѪҲӣŮ˲Уһ޵еģ
ͺˣ
ѵ֪Ǻ룬ڴ˵һӶӣӡϵӡҪȥһʷϵһĵ̫̲ס˵
ʵû˵̫Ϊȥˣֵ˵ģǸɷĹѸŮǿҵ빬ƫƫȴޡ ûϳʱǳô㣿
ӱҪһ𡣡ʵն˵
˵˰죬һ䶼ûȥ̫۾ͨ죬ָŻʵ˵
ȥˣûá
ʲô
ʵָָĿڣ˵ͺ
˲ɢŻʵߺ̫̱ϣŸ˶˵˵˵ʲôʱôӣŶãˣ
ֳ£ǿ˵һ޵ݣִûе㱾ΪµºӣΪ˻ôã
̫һ⻰Ŀ⽥䣬˵㲻˵Ҳ뵽ˣŮʵǲ򵥣Ǵӳ¡
ʵˮĴֱ̫ӻ޵Ƚ˰ˮʵԡ¡
ʵΪԼҲûԡҪǹϲˣˣԡͰϣȸʵа״˼Ԩš
ūּ
ʵ۴룬ֱȥԨڸ칫ĵطȺɨһۣȴûпʵأ
״˸æǰ˵£֮ǰиϹӣ˵ļУ˵һӣ˵Ļȥˣļ١
ȿŻʵ۵ɫҲǺҪĻ˵ʵֱӻˡ
ʵۿƲ⣬̫һһŮȻûʵŭա
ȻڣʵۻǷһְͨصٺ»üһ֮ǰΪ˽пٺ»ԭڿˣȴ˰ꡣ
֮ǰѾЩǣӼֲǰӸӼˡ
ʵ۷йһڿοһЩ֮ǰ񶼿һ飬һʱԨæţųǰѼڸŪÿ಻ԡ
ʵ۵ˬģѶûֱӳֱԺȥˡ
վӵӣ͵Ե黹ǱַˣŲڰζͷһ仰û˵
Ժ󲻻ᣬͱˡ
ϧӣ˵ʲôźãֿ޵
ҲԾˣ
ּһ˵Ҳ̫Ҳֻѣ˵˵Ҫ㻰
ʵʱÿⳡ֪ȴ̲סЦᡣ


125 
Ƹһͼȥ˱Ժ, ֮ЩģȥʱѾ߾˵үѾ˯ˡ
໰ҪƸô, ״, ûбԹܸ, ȻƸ, ô, ϾĸҲһֱ, Ҫи˵ǡ
ƫƸ˯, ֻСӾûûε, ̾һͻ
ڶΪϴҵĳ˲, Ͼǳ, ԺҪĺ, ȻʮֵĿء
Ź˴һ, пյʱѾǶˣȥȥƸ˼˵Ƹһʰһȥˡ
˾Ĳ, ƸÿԸ, ԹԵò˯òãôŻزվͻȥˣ
ѵǱ߳ʲô£
Ҳס, Ͼͽ˱׼ȥԺ, ǹүҲû, ˵, ȥȥ
үЩ, ¹, ˵꣬ϣҪȥȥ
˱ԸүһͬȥǹүʲôڻûҪδ£ɫȷʵοʢ֮ѾٻϹسţǲҪǳϽйүȻҲǺõġ
Ҳ˲Ҫﵣ˹үͳȥˣ·Ϲ˾˵ƸǲˣȻôͻȻˣ
үƸˣûο˵ڳˣ֪ΪԼһݹ
ˣ
֪᲻Сˣˡүѵ
һȴֲ֪ô˵ѿڶ˵ҪС˺أ
ʲô
үŭĿԲ̬žԼ˵ʲôϾ͵Ҿ˵˵ʵҪǹǸزס¶ˣѹãҲ˼ޣŻѿڶ
֪Ĺү֪޵ķʸȻ˵ⷬȷʵǲ򵥣Ըʹˣתת˼Ҫδ̽¡
֮ǰƸǳˣ˹˵Ļһ룬;ƸȥҲ̫æһЩ
ԺԶ뾩ǣҹ·ٲҪһŵʱѾǺˣѾͣˣڰУҫԶɽ尵ͶɽžҹʮֵĹ
ǿͿһʮֵ£ҹˣǾһֻǺܿƸԭ׼ȥſȥүȥǾڸʣ˵ôˣַ˾һŮӣҲʺϽӴпͣҰɡ
үǸбµģ涼Ǳģ˭Ұһ˶ ҪǱˣүٲþñˣŹΪЩ̬ʱЩ˲ó£ЩӹʵǼˡ˵ȥɡ
˼үû׷ʣһм˹ү֣Щ
үվԭأ̲סЦʱ;ꡣ
ԭΪЩˣƾƸĸףǺõĹϵֻҪû˯ܻ
û뵽סǻʵ۵ЩʵǰҲʵ۵һȴԣͣſڣһһҹ
ʵٵʱû΢˽õ棬˶̫Ϥˣ֮ǰʵ۵˵ɺϣֻƸڿ ֻӴĲ֪࣬һ֮ˡ
ʵϲǰֻĶϱѡʶͷԭȻĺܺãһЩζҹ
ǲͬò˷ܸɳڣʮֵζǸ֮ˣסй֮λҲǺѷɫġ
ѵʵͼ죿ܿ˾̲סҡͷͬ˽ʵۣȵ۲ǺŮɫǺˣǻʵȴֻǼ˵ң˻
ȥͻȻ뵽һܣѵǱ˴˻ϲƸô죿
***
ΪַԼͷһֱ֤ڳˣֻܼ嵭ķˣԺźӣ뿪ĲУͱţһҲ£͵ԸãһΪԣϲԺ㱧ıǳİ
ԺһߺŶӣһ߿ʳ֮ζĳżûζƬ࣬ϾͳˣʱʲôͳԸ̡
ͷȻŬԣֻǳ˼ڣ̵ȻͬúȣΪһĸףҪչ˺ӵʹǺȹһ롣
ų׿ͷԺһ˹ĺ庢棬źԲֵצͳŲ˹ץȥΪԺĶȻû׽סȴ׽סһ裬ȻԼԺ̲סЦ˵Ǿ
ȥӣԺı̲סЦȻżֵ⣬ɰĲС
ƸĻһʱ˼ӣǼȻ֪ҲûеװͿˣһֱΪҪվԺߣҪԵۡڷ֣ҪԵ͢ⲻҪҪ֧š
Ժоһֱڿ̲סͷ˵Ǳӣá漴ֵǲûԱҪ ҽ͵͵ɸԣ
һϽԺ㶼˵̲סһЦůů˵Ҳͼˣ̾ˣҳԶˣҲ̺ӡ
ʵ仰˵е飬ˮʵϡоôȥƲվûˡ
ԺĿЩԣʵ£
һڹ˵£Ҫҵʲôʱ򣿡
Ժ㱧źӵһ٣ɫӣȾͻȻͻĸоϾһֱţʵҲǲġ
ô֪ģ
ʵ˿һµҲ¶ۻһ𣬶ɵ鲻Ƶ¥һѡ
ȻҪǣԺǰҲûˮ©һʼҲûס
ûʲôģԼĻɶ˵ˣһʼֻǻɣǹү ٺթ°ͳˡ
ԺЩЦãƸ˾֮󣬶û빬ݼ̫󣬾ͼҴҵĻȥˣΪԼ¶ݣŸϽܵġ
˸ԳĬһİȿڣҵĻͬһ𣿡
ȻԺ֣ص˵
ֵǰ˵ܲû仰𣿡
Ժ㿴˵ⷬĿĿתĶ⻰һ˵Ǿûˡ漴ָԺ㻳еı˵£͵ӵˣġ
Ժһǣ̲סյԼĴġ


126 
ҹɫŨ, ƸȴûվޣǼ·̲ס˵, ү, ҹ·, ӹǳԵ𣿡
Ƹ಻, ղŻ, һ, ڲ඼ĥƤ, ڸ, ҲĲУҲúϢһ, һ뵽Լ¶˻ʵ۵, ʱ;ýŵĲ, Żʵۻ ҪһƤ
Ե, 㡣
Ƹֻ޲Ͼ͵ɽ߻ʵԶģǰȫһЩ
ΨһǣҾ, Ѱ˼, ϣͺһ˳, ĸ飬ȴƫƫҪ˸
Ƹ֪, ʵ۴ǲͬ, һ뵽;, ¶֪ݻϲʱȴѾ, ԽŬ, ȴԽԽԶ
һߣʵۺ˰죬̲סһЦӹϸĵĸӴϣǿԼֻˣԭʮֹɵͺܲźҪ׽סģ
̲סЦѺӴԺĻ˹
ȻһĻͿʼŤӣؿڴչȥĲУʹȥι̡
һֱ⣬֪ԺݵʱһϾԺȣҪǸƢõģֻ˸ǲõġ
򶨣˵仰¾ͽҹȥˣ
Ҳ˵ʲôǾ ǰһŮȻ˺ӣŻʵ۵ĳ谮Ҳ˹ȥǶˡ
ϾݣҪ빬Ǳȵ컹ѡ
ǿͻﾢдµĹʱ;ãͲѰģԺ˵Ǹλϡ
ʱӹ˼ɫ˱䣬Žȥվ⺰ү
Ժ⻰ߵ棬ȹ£
ȾְѸղӵĻظһߣԺ£˵ĸˣȻҪǽȲ衣˵žߣȾһȴǲ˵ĸԺ㵽棬ţǻʵ׼Ҫʽֲ
ڸιְ̣źӣΪ̫첲ιֻ̣㾡Լܵİ
ֻˮ̫ˣ֮ǰĸι̣ͳ˼ھͣץ·棬½һɫĲ軨ȻϲקŹȻҧڣֲܳԣַſϸĴ
ЦĿ֣ʮĺǲ軨ȵ㣬ȥĲ軨òã
ͻὲֻܷҪ˵ͻһ˫ڵǱʯһó̵ŵڻӦһ㡣
̲סЦͷ׶ཱུ
һֱĸףôڵóԸȻϧģοﱧĹѪֻնĵطЩĴҲ
ǰһֱ˵ֻеĸײŻĳˣʱĺ壬ȴǶˣ˼ģǰᷳҲˣҪ˵ģǶһݿݵģжδκϣ
ּЦźͺ棬棬Ժȶˣ̲סʵˣүǡʹڲҲţؿڣ˵ǹλ
ѾԺ׿ڳˣʮȷˣ˵ǡ
̲סһ˵ǡ ţүǵ£Ǵүǻʳӣ
ʵûжӵ鲢ʲôˣĺȻǾǻʳӣЩҽںլʱֻ޷⣬һ룬ȴȫͨ˳ˣʵۿ϶Ϊסܡ
۾δĲ֣֪Щţʵ˵ˣԼһʼ֪ʱҲµġ
ûԼ˯õĵӣȻǵĻʵۡ
ͺԺҪô죿
ͰԺĻһߣĿɿڴȻͬʱҲ̲ס˵ˣǴݣʱȻҲӳֵˣԺҲ߶ˡ
˵иСѾ˵ˣү˵йãһ͵ˣ׼һˣҪϴү
ʱ򣿡
ʰһˮ˲ֻһѣƣܿͿһϤӰǹˣиͻʵƵӣֻ͸󣬷ǳϣǹү


127 
ſڳһ, ԥȴǱ˽ͻȻֲõԤУȳͷ, Ǿǻʵ۲ԸҴ, Ҳ˵ϵǱѰ
ȻѾж, ˻ǴĽ˽ȥ
Ȼܿʵ۾ͺ, Ϊ, Щ, ǴһɫĽС, źɫ˿, ɫߵȹ
ֹţվڻʵ, ȴ˿ûӳ
Ŀ, ȻԺ˵, һ, ҲûʲôģŴ˵ϲ£Ҫ֪˾˺;ĸǡָָ˵, ַ, ޵ĻʳӡʵᶨʮĽ
үҲǾ˵, һҲˣҪ֮ǰ˵ʲôƸĺ, Ȼǻʵ۵ģ
ֻǵŻʵ˻ʳ, ʱ͸˵Ĳ, ˵, ϲ¡ʵ۴ĸﱧ˺ӹ, ʱͱסˡ
ͿˣİװֵģѾˣĺãһ˫۾ʮֵ񣬼˿ҲעţҲоһ㡣
ɰѹүϡĲˣʵûõ飬һֱǴҵͷȻΪѹӣǵ׺Ĳͬ
үòܻʵ۵ϲ˭ֻҪ˻ʳӾУͷҪ飬Եܿľ֮ǰΣ˵ĶԹ˵ƣϲĺӡ
үٻޣ˵ⷬҲʵѵãϲ֮Ա
һʱԽܣίģԼ϶Ķϱôͱ˻ʵ۵ŮˣҪ˵ӣһֱԼӣڷָԼˡ
ֻǵſӣʱûƢ֮ˣϲӣϾ㲻ԼӣҲǻʵ۵ĺӣʵҲųģСʱһһĸĺţԼĺҲûʲôȻҲ۵ģֱĿʱĲУӣͳһ˵ϲϲ
ȻͺĴ˹ȥȥ׽Ǿͦ󣬵ǰһԵĹүˣ˵üһ⺢ӿ϶Ǹĺӡ
ү˵žͼԣһҪߵģȴ֣󻹷ŵЩˡ
ү̲סЦ˵Ų¾ܷˣԺ׼ǸƵ֮ˣսǰҲܴݵ̸Ц֮
ⶼĸѽ˺ΣүԼǰǶһϸ˻ʳӣʹʮģƫĵûˣҲү飬⺢ʵ̫ˣǻʵ۵ĺӣүһֱԻʵ۶г谮ǱȶԼӻģ޵Ҳʲô˾ȵˡ
ʵȻϲģ¶һЦȴǫ˾ˣ⻹ûأܿʲôѽ
үȴô⾫Ŀ־ִ󣬷Ӧݣûµʱ˵ˣҼǵϴճʱǵһ¶˯
˾ô˵Щʵ۵
˵үǸԵˣҲˣ˶ʱ;ҵ˹ͬİãവ
Ҳϲ⺢ӣûƫĵزһ̧ͷͿҲεЦݣ˶һۣʱ;ú׽˲١
ûзִģûΪԼǻʵ۵˶û˽ޣʵ۾ӣǵκʱҲǳӣԳ˵ӣȻԵģҲʮһʱĵʱ䳤ˣһҹǻʳԵľǱѣܲա
ŻȥʱǺҹˣүԭɵݣȴͻȻ˵⹬Ҫ̫ƽˡ
ǸˣôһѾԼŪ飬ƽ⻰ͻȻŵʵү˼ǡ
̫ǲλַ˵ġ
Ҳ֪ʣһʼΪƸĺӣһϱˣܲݣοǹ󣬻ʳǿ϶ҪȥģҪڹˣҪŭ̫󣬿˶ûˣ
Ǻϲģ̾ǱϴҵĻܸɣ˷ڣҪ˹ٲó˱µʵǿϧճҪ뿪Ҳ̫һЩ
ǸܰĺӵˣÿӶʮ۰󣬲Լι顣
үмֻǵ漰˳͢Ҳø棬һҪӣ˵̫ɲⱻöĸٲҪһ 㲻ҪκˣҲҪ빬ȥ漴ֵ㲻ͷۣɴڼúЪЪ
ң̫Ҳҵġ˻Ǻм֪֮ġ
үȥĿЦĹɫһӾͺˡ
***
ŹߺԺңΪҹˣϴһϴˣԺ㻹Ǻһ㣬࣬ԥ˾ɵȥ
һʼǸĸģֻǺʵ᲻ãͷŵ˯棬ϾŶӣԺ㰤˯
ïϨ˵ƣӣ;ĵ˳ȥ
һѾ˯˹ȥղżˣȻҲ˷ܵģǷ˲پ˯ĺ졣
һ˯˹ȥԺɫۺӺĸĸ˱ӣЦ˯˹ȥ


128 
˵ʮֵ, صвˣʵһֱЩ̫˹үĻ, ΪȻ, ûǲҪκϽȥĺá
ﻹЩż, ܱҲûһ˵ϻ, Ҫ, ЩѰ, ҲΪݾ, ο޵̫
뻹ǸƸдһ, ѯȥֱʾ˵, ʵҲҸһ, żĳȥž̹һЩ
Ȼ֮, վЩ, ѹӵ͢УǼȢ˼ҲһЩ, Ǵùͷ
ʵ۵Ҳȥ, Ҳʹ󳯻ʱҪȥһˣʱ䶼ڱԺ֮, ֮ǰΨһѪΪ, һֱҪ, һֱսľ, ̸ϸ
;Ͳͬ, Ǹʮֽ׳ĺ, ֮͸ˣҲ˾ЦϡĲС
ʵϲźӳȥתתҪڻС޲ְֵĽд֣
ï˻һʼԥģҪι̣˵һ䣬ˣˮҲǸүѣǷˣóԳԸúȾͺȣǡ漴Ĳһ䣬ӱүһ˶µҪܵܲǡ
Ҳ֪ĴΣԽ㣬ԽӦðˣʵۿ֦ɢҶǡ
ǹˣϹ˶ЩϾ͸Ӷĵ¶ӣŮȫҲûƢˡ
õһ˵̫󲻿ӵϣ빬̫ϾǱǰͷӻԼﲻɣ
ס˻ʵۣúӣгͷ֮ա
ȻǲС˼һۻǿˣҲûԼϲӣһ̫Ҳ̫µˣ϶ǻҪġ
Ҳ˽ȥȥԼι̵飬̲Ҳ˵ˣҸ·ݲĸˣǰҵģҲЩˡ
Ժ㱧ŶȥɢѾǳĵļˣһƬⰻȻԺɽϻ˺ɫĶž黨
ͺϲɫ޵ĶЩ˰졣
ŻʱѾ˯ˣŵĽӹȥָָƫ˵үء
˵֪ʵ۵֮󣬲Ȼʮη壬ŬԼǰû˵ðĻ
˵мΣеԽˣرһʼ֪ԺɫǺ޲ҵطԼôô
ԺǼֱƴӣһĻҽ
ԺѺӽֵҲģ˵ͷȥƫѾˣðԱ߶ݵĺܸߵƬԵˡ
Ǳﻵ˰ɣ
ԺЦԱߣïվһźǣȷȥȻˢˢ;̳һµ΢ŷŵǰ
ζһӾƮ˹ʹͣҲ̲ס¿ˮû˱֪ζˡ
Ժ̲סЦĿȫ飬ҪԺüɿˡ
͵մմ͵ζζǳ˾ζ
ûһ˿ζڼǰԵǸζζӵʱζԡ
ԺϲԼǷݶҲŵǰ˵ﻹУϲͳһЩ
㣬ѼѪۣݿ˴еζ  ԵĵǺʹ죬׹˼Լģ˰뱥ͷ¿ԺĿ£ȻԼ˵̫ˣȥѶ
ԺȴǾһЩ˵һֱȥĿʽ漴ֿһӾŲĿˣԭЩ飬̺ӣ͸СˣԵĺ«һġ ʵǺÿ
ԺѾãпʼִһˣ뵽壬Ҫúһǣ۵˵Щǰ̫ˣŸոպá
ԺĿȣһӾͺˣǵͷһڣ˵үá
ԺĹֳһЩһӲǰЩԹˡ
Ժȥɢɢõʱůʣֲȣϡ
Ժ˵ҵûعˡ漴˵һ䣬ĸ뿴ͺӡ
ס漴룬̫϶뺢ӵģϾҲӣڼҲ飬˵Ӧȥ밲ˡ


129 
ԺԭҪһ, ôӴһЩŰȣֲ̫ˣ没˻Ǽٵ, Ȼ֪, ܹԼĸ, ʵҲû취ܲˡ
Ҫһ, Ծˡ
Ժ˵, ĪҪ, һ㡣
⻹һμ̫, Լĸ, ȻǽŵģҪ˵̫ǲ, ǲΪ
Ժ˵, ĵҲ˲١
ï֪ڶҪȥݼ̫, ʱڸϴ, ֱ˵ϣľˣˮһء
, ߽ͼһƬǽ, ̲ס˵ï, ڲѧ˶õҽѾôźˣ˵߽һԵĲ׼µ, ﻹ߶߶˵, ˵, ¾ëëŵ, ҪǷʺ, ͱϳȥˣ
ǣ֣һҪ빬ݼ̫ˡҪï϶Ҫ䣬ʱ죬Ҳϰˣһɫľͷһ㣬Ƣʵ˵
ʲô빬
ԭͦݵģ⻰һȾͰĨľֽˮ
ԭЩţ㣬Ƿ̲סεЦ˵Ƕʲôֲ̫ǳ˵ϻ˵ȥݼ̫ﲻ飬үȥ
ڶһ磬ϴ磬֮ǰ͸׼ѣһһǺһɫĶԽ˿ߵӣҪļȻǴɫʣ̫ɫ˲õ뷨ϾԹֻ޲ܴɫ
ʵӲɫǳˮɫҪɫºһЩ϶ѡˮɫףźɫԶׯԥ£ѡɫġ
ԺѾ߸ѣѡɫģ˵ʹɫġ
Щ׼Ժ뷨֪ԺԼϣǱϾһ֮ҲֻһŮӣҲûԵĲǸһ֣úӺվ߾С
Ҳȥ룬Ҳȥ룬Ͼʵ۵ĺ󹬺Ѱ˲ͬԺȴϺɫȻģȴ˵үⲻʣǴɫİɡ
ʵҲ׼ʵ۵뷨׼ɫѣҲڿʵ۵̬ȡ
Ժպϵ˿У˻Ѿ£ǵ˹̬ᶨǼɫϣǵһθ˴ϣΪһ˵첲
ܾԺ㣬Թ첲Ժ㰵۵λá
ŴãԺȥԭݲףɫǳеѩ˷أˮɫʮƯ
Ժĵ˵ͷЦסļ˵ô
֮ǰѾϹױˣױڴ£ǲСİ֬ȾϣǾˣͷȻҲ̺ˡ
һ߸ߵԲޣһ䶫ڣ°ڴʮֵľ¡
һ½ȿˮɫΪԾҲ֪˻ʵ۵˼ŵԼϲģǺ˲ͬ
һֱ棬Ҳల£ʵܱһ㰲ȵһ˹ǿںһ޴ķˡ
ڰҩҩ԰ģνʮֵģ빬ʱҲʮ꣬ڼӵвڣֻ˵йоأƫƫе˹ĸֻҪһֱúõģĵλȻȹ̡
ŮȻЩżȹСܹ˵Ƣ緹Ҳϳء
ü˵ҩ찾ˣóȺȣûγҩ漴ʵ첻˵Դ׷ţϾͽȥŷ׼ˣϲ
Ů⻰ͷȻǲҽʱ㻹µģʲô˵ġ
˵ҪſϳԡŮΨΨŵŵ˵̲꣬סŵסȭͷ
ƹܺ󹬶꣬أҲʮͷһ漰飬ԵЩʧȥǣǨŭˣ˼޹ҲǹŮµԭ
ȻûõĶ
ǹŮ⻰ŵɫһ׾͹˵ū澸
Ȼ˦ǹŮ⣬ֻӡצӡǹŮȴǿ޶ҿޡ
⹦ҩѾˣǳҩʱӲõģżȥιҩǹŮŶһ١
ŵڵһƬǽ壬ǻʵΨһѪ̫ͻʵ۶ʮֵĳ谮ƫƫ첻㣬ʱʹĥЩݣڻʵǰǸɵĺӣڹȴǺź
Ǹʲô
۵Ϊɫ԰ףҲʮֵ⣬¶
Ѿûˣ
ãȴҲȥ˵Ͳ븸ʣŮĿ⣬Ĭβ룬ֻǻʵһֱģ˾ҲûκεĽչ
Ҫٵ¸Ӿͺˡ
ŮССͣ˼ȴ̲ס̾ȥΪòƵͷ˵ȥ¡
һװ˷ޣױżҴҵĳţŽջʵۻعʲôʱȴ
ֻеȵʵ۵޵ţǳģѵôһˮɫĵƵĽӣͷϴź챦ʯƫҲʮֵĶׯ
̫˵»û빬ء
ЦŵͷһԵĹŮĸ̫˷죬˵һ⣬š
̫Ҳƴǣڹ֪꣬գ˶ĳЩ˰ģԵҲƴǡ
ǿǶлˡ
̸Ůڵʾʵ¿˵˽빬
̫һЦū澿˵׼ϾǱµ顣
Ҳ֪̫಻˵ٵ飬ﻹ̲סһ䣬ȴǲԣ˵飬ת˻⡣
ֻǵҲûʵ۹׼ߣͻȻ洫ٵĽŲ쳤˲ӿܿͿ졣
ȻϲԽ׼ǰʵ۴ַһŮӣŮӴһһˮɫӣȴһ䶫ڣҪǣò˷ڣɫѹȥʮֵĳڣ˵ǻʺѡҲŵġ
˭
ʧš


130 
Ϊ, ͷʱ򣬵ǵɫȴʮֵĲ, , Ｘû, õ, ջˡ
ʵ۴Ѱĳ, ͬͨһ, ķŮ, ƺѯ䡣
Ů΢΢ҡͷ, ʵ۾סԼ, Ц˵˼仰, Ůӹɵĵͷ, ŷſ, ˲
ޱȣŴ⣬ڶڲס, һԵĹŮŵקקĸ첲, ˵, һЩɲҪʧ̬
Żع, ϵı, Ϊڽ, ԵЩȻ, Ҳ֮ǰǿˡ
ʵҲû, 빬Ҳһݣû뵽һľȻǵ
֮ǰûãǵһ棬̽Ŀ⣬ʵ۾ȻЩֱӡ
ȸں棬ΪΣͻȻЩЦʵ۾үڹɾǾ֮Ļʵۣ˵һˣ󹬵Ů˶ģȻʵ¶Щ̬
ַ˿б£ѻʵεץĵĿʵ۾Ȼ¶̬˲ˣ
ȥȻҲǾˣʵҪ֪ǰҲһȸæ߹ȥһ˵¼񣿡
ŷӦмĿ˿ȣæ˵¡漴ֵʵλǡ
۴궼ѾŮˣ⻰ҲûйҲʮֵĵ壬Ҳӳ˵ҲǼʶģͳˣЦŻ˵ϡ
ƷףһŮٲҪй֮񣬵ԺãҪԱҲйŮŹ棬ʵȴȥ֮ǰס˵Ӳʣд˴񡣡
𾪣ʵ۶ŮһֱǵģòҲйŴעعأЩҲûй˼һһڣѾˮһģŻʵ۾ӣֻܰѹչܾˡ
һһ죬ʵӣҲԲˡ
ʵҪһˣ
ƽʱʵ۴ҶһҲûʲôͻȻͶһ˽һȻܷòŮҲѽ
ڲѶ̬ˡ
ⲻȴǲԣ˵˵ǣַ˿
ʵ֪Ե޹ʵĹ˴ȥ޵ױȿˮЪһЪһ̫ȻɵģܲסԼſں͵ûкúţ
Ѿҿʵˣͷ˵ǻʵ۵޵˵ˣǰĽʺҲȥҪȻʵû˵Ƕܿʵ۲ԸλϾɵı˽ȥ
ûãûչ˺
ʵһ뵽壬Ҳ˵ͷǴӦˡ
˵ͳ˹ţֻĲζȥ񿴵һĸŸӣһʱûۻˣ۾ȴܿʧſڣȥ׷ǹŮס˵ذɡ
֮ǰȻζҲʧȥǣȴǾһģһǳһŵĻ˹
˺ӣ
ܿҡͷ϶ԼˣµõжѣЩ궼ǿģ˵˸ŮӾˣ
ȻõĽȴǾĪֻţѯʣ˵˼֮ЩˣֵȻʽ˹ôŮ㵽׸˵ûУˣ
ƽվô˵ģ˵̱ҲڣҲƫƫң˼Ҳ̲ס˵ҲСˣǲǸöˣô˵
һʱ˵Ҫ˵ĸȴǻʺ
⻰ҲûϾʺһʱĸۣ̲סͽסˣЩ޴վš
־˲ᣬŮãȻվţҲס˵ﲻ㡣
ڵĻһ˵˵ǲǸˣ
ԾĿ
***
ïһֱ֪Ӧò򵥣ȻҲŻʵ۳ţ˹֪üһȻǰܹܣ˻һſྐྵģųԷʱ;Щⲻȥ
Ƚ˴ˮï˵ïͷźϴ
ïսսվ˵ܹܣȥ
ȼïŵģ̲סЦǺһĺͰף˵ïҪţǰôԺôȻһ磬Ǿҵӡ漴ֵǶź˵Ļһǣ
ïʱ;úûʲôЦŵͷ
ЪһһڲˮȴҲɶȣһض̫ʱҪȥֱͽ⺢֮ǰڻţ˯ˣ˶ˣ۾ܣϡĲС
Ӷʱ̲סЦͣﱧ
־ͰѺӷŵĻͿ̲ס˵ķ˵ʹ˾Ҳˣһ׽סؿ϶ԽĽ˿ƣ̲סƺ볢ζ
ǲǶˣ
֮ǰϸιӦòǡ˵үֻϲЩƯĶôС֪ÿǴ
֮ԵĵҲˮ͸ˣѾ׷ˣĸι
ïˮ˵үֻ˶ѡ
⻰˵̲סЦͷһڣࣵһͶ̲סЦȻǷǳˣȥཱུĲԲźۡ
ʵ۽ʱЦж˷ܵ
ڣͶ϶һҫ۵ĽɫƲߣʵҲ̲סЦ
Ъһʵֻһѣ˹Ͳǰ⴩ˣȻҲǳҲЩġ
Ժ㿴Ƽ򵥣ǲžİӣǻʵ۵Խֱˣʵۼѷĵס֣ġ
̫ڵ˶ʱȻƴݣ̶Ѿϡ飬֪ͨʵ۴빬һӾͼվ
Ҳ֪̫飬쳤˲⿴ܿͿʵۺһŮһǰһ˽ŵſڣʵۻŮһ£ʮֵ
ȥ̫󣬼Ҳ¶͵ɫȻǿߡ


131 
̫ŷ, ǰһֱأʼָʳҲ²ù, ȻѰ, ûеݻ, һжʮֵĲۡ
ϸƾͻᷢ, ÿһʮֵľ, ͱſڵ, ѰĺỨ, ԶɺĿ, ȴټĽ˿ľġ
Ƕͼ⾳, һǹƷ
ȥۺ, ̫õ, һɫ帣խȹ, Ŀϵм̫ʦϣڵװΣҪΪһ塣
, ̰, 룬ָľо
ֻǵĸ, Ϊƣòϵ, , ΪƵ, , ʹ֪̫ϲԼ, ҲЩС
һεĹݵⲻˣĸֻ̫ǵ̫Ҳ˵ȻҪһܣԺȴ˵ĸǲ˺˵ǰҪȥ
̫ɫһӾͲˣˣ
ϸճӣʲô
ǳϢˣôҶܲһ֮񣿡̫ȴǲòּ飬ʮŭ⡣
Ժ㵹Ҳ˵۽ǾֱӹԣĸϢŭ
̫ҪȴûҪĥԼӵ뷨ʵ۾һӾվ˵ʵֻۣܹأΪһŮӡ
ּţʱ̲סȵģֻûпʵ۵ķӦ̲סţ⹬Ů˾ûйأûʵ㵲ţֻôԽԽѣѵ֪ԺҪһ̫ʱҲҪȥһʵɣ
Ȼֳ̫ͻʵ㻥ӣʵ˵˵˵뿴ʳӣ˵䣬ǷҲͦģϽѺӱǡ
̫һ뵽ʳӣʱûƢˣȻɶ񣬻ʵҲ񻰣ʲôҪ˵˵ǣɣأ棿
վ̫ۿ˵ò̫Ϊ죬뷨ܹס˵ĶӦǰǰ޲ɷ̧֮Ƿ飬ߵﶼһ
̫ŮӣԺʵѡ󹬣ׯѡ
֮ǣɫѩͷںīĿӯӯͶ֮ɢźͶׯֹ̬һǴ󸾵ģ
̫һʱסҪ֮ǰΪڿЩˣ漴ڸ˵ģŵЩͬˡ
һ˼ӣ̫ԭϲģŮӣټ㵨ʶ˭һμսսģȴӳֹ󷽷ģʮֵĵ壬Ҳë
ܿ;ͱ˽ʵ۴Ӳӹӣߵ̫ǰ̫ʵ̲סˣеվôһƣʱĿ˺ϡ
ͳ¾ͳˣúãøǰְֵģĿģΪ񣬿Ҳ£̫Լգպÿϴŵĵӣɫ³ΪƯһˮһģϲƯĶһӾ׽סˡ
̫ϲĲУ˵ǽ𣿰ϣоҲ֪ʲôǺö˵žͰԼϵĵȻ͵˵档
õ˺ÿȻܸˣͳ̫ЦЦӵЦݴϾΪģůģ̫һӾͻˡ
ĸҪ𣿡
̫Ȼ֮ãѾûˣҲûǣʹӻʵӹͺȱסҪǺû»û̧ͷҪǵðźͷǡ
ҲղŵѾˣֿ̫Ϲŵķ飬һ׽ƣҧһڡ
ɺʶǺʦĺö㡣̫˵ŰѷȻ͵Ĳϡ
ʵۣ
ȻܸˣЦЦž¿ˮֻ̫ϲѣ˵⺢Ӳ°ɣôôϻۣ֪ʲôǺöһͷ¶ͷϴŵһö챦ʯķ˽
°Сգ°ڴһź챦ʯȥķײֺÿֺƽʱӶٴģԽϡˣһֱСҪ׽
̫̲סЦ˵Ҫ㡣
ʵһԿۣ˵ĸźӣ˵һΣҲòŲǡ
ѵףǸϱġ
ʵۣ
̫̫ϲˣ֮ǰɹ˱˵ĹƭʵۣǿӣƵݣЩǾɢˡ
ִչСѵºϻվء
̫Ūͣ⻰ЩãǿɰûƢ˵ǶվŸʲôɡ
£ʵۼˣҲԱߣ̫źǲá
̫˼仰ģӦʮֵ壬ŭҲ߰˰˵ģֻ鲻벻ģע޽ġ
˵һ󹦣»ʳӣ϶ҪɵģԼԼӦһ̼֮Ů¾ҲˣҪװ׵ģΪ⺢Ҳ㣬һ֣ȴǺģͷһݲġ̫Ȼˣ˵ʮ˳
ĸ󣡡ʵ̲סֹ
̫ȴ˵㲻øҺȻǻʵۣڹأ黹ֲܡֵݣҲ̲ˡ
Ȼ֪ﻹǾЩܣҪ˵ˣϾһ˹ʮڣΪ˺ӣ⺢䱦Ϊ˺ҲҪƴһѪ·˵ʵ۴ҲأҲܹʵۡ
̫벻ףôˣ
ǴװͿ𣿡̫㷴ʣʵ̫޳ܣһŮ˵⻰
ȴôˣⲻɷϵҼû֮ͨҲûвظֻӹ²ȥźģȻɷģôͼˣ
̫ɫ࣬˵Ǻ߳ܣŮӦôһղǡ
ȴȵ۵ĳټޣҾͲܣֵʷʺҲ֮Ƕ֮Ůȴ£պգǸʷ̫˵ҲǸ˵ģ
̫һʱҭ˵˵ͷͷǵڳҺ˵ģҪʱ̫ЩϲĵƫƫȴעҪһԼҪײˡ
һʱͻȻ߽
ʵοϣվǰ棬˵ĸ֮ǰ˵Ҫʱ򣬿ǴӦ˺Ҫʲô
̫Ǻ꾫
һʱ漫ΪϾһ֪ȥУ֪̫ͼ̫ʵҲĶΣȻ޲Ͼͳûкˣڻʵ㻤Ժ󳤴
ڹסţʱһɫ˥ʵȻҲʱҲҪ̫Ѿˡ
ȰͿɻˣҪðԺĵͳˣҪô
̫ɫͽĻ
̫ʱһֱޱ飬źò죬ͻȻ͵ڻʵ۵Ļ޵£ô죿
̫ȻͬŹȴǲϷſӣ֮ǰҲǵĹȴǷˡ
ʵ۱סĺ󱳣˵ĸҲ᲻á
⻰ҲûбԹֻǿˣڻʵ۵Ļһһʵģ˲䣬Ժ;ˮ͸Ŀڡ
𼱣޻취ġ
Ҳ֪̫ϲͣҲ᲻ãʮ»̥һֱҶ
ʵķҵĲУֻ̫󵽵ĸףҲΥ棬Ͼ̫ӹҲ̫ãҲԸģΪѡ
һʱֱ˹ſڣͷûжһȻ˯ˣԺĲУҲ֪ղףϲûûзһֱŬȡ
޻һֱġ
첻У죬ֻҪ֣Ϸ̫ܻӦġ


132 
˹ſ, Щԥʵ£ҪҪūַ˻ȥ
ʵԭ׼ع, ҲӦҪȥ, ﻹ˼ȥ, Ӳ, ԼҲعˣ̲סһŸճ, ǿϾ⺢, һġ
ȥļ͸˵ʹ͵ġ˵, ߵһϡ
۾, ʵۣ, ү
Ժ, Լؿ, ˵, ȥ˯ɡ
Żص˱Ժ, Ѿ, 緹, ϲԵļ, Ľִ, Ǻ¿, ȴûʲôθڣԭⲻȥ
ԺֻȥˣϾ顣
ҲʧǵģӲߣͿտģϳԷҲǴ˾һȵõ廨ȥ˼ȥ
ˣȲɡ
İ޺ϣԼϲõ廨裬Ҳûƾܣһ·Ͽ޵ĲУǿڿʵֱ豭˴ĸĩһڣȵĲˮɨο˸ɿʵɤӣžһЩ
ְѸƣ˵ˣ֪ģүΪҲҪ岻ǣ
һӾͺȦײסˮ˵ﶼֵ֪һ빬ǰҾ֪⺢ӿҪ̫Ҫȥˡ
ΪԾתһ룬ˣ˵Ϊˡ
ҧһ̶⣬𣬴̶еζǳóԣҪٲö뵽ӣȴֳԲȥˣ̫үĸףҳТ£˵ү̫ĸ֣Т־Ͳñ¶ˡ
ֳĬҲ֪̫ҪºӣʵҲūҲ֪ܡ
үҪֻǸӣǺðˡ̶⣬׻ǳԲȥеԵĺһڻ˵˲ǿƵˣҲƣ˵үǼ̳мҵĳӣҲǰֻ̣ҪҺүһģܻгͷ֮գƫƫүȴһ֮Ϊľ֮𡣡
ǿ̫Ҫӣ˳飬ѹסġ֪ڰοԼǿο֣Ȼ˵⻰ʱҲǼΪܵġ
ǻʳӣҪ̳дͳ֮ˣҲΪҵĸ֮ʣΪһ᲻ãʧȥᣬ̫ȻҲᱻúý̵˵⻰ȴ̲סֻĲ۵ĲУ˵ĸĲΪ˺ӣˣҪܾͿ޳
ԺԭҪ׼عģ뵽֮ǰʧ̬׻ǲģߵ˰·ֻſھ洫ѾȥͨĶԼĵ˽ȥ
ͷԺ㣬ͻȻ˹ȥԺ㼱æסˣϸ޻ӡ
***
̫˵ĲУһ뵽ʵ˻ʳӣȻõģǺļҲ΢ȻﻹǲмģûȨûƣҲãͿŻʵ۵ĳ谮ѡ
ϲɣʱˣҲˣٹ꣬Ҳ͹˶ʢʱڣսϣʱʵȥˣѵǵɣ
̫ԽԽǾòΪ壬ͣ˵ѽĸҸòã
̫ȻҪԸӣϾ㣬ͻҪһ׵ĸѡܸ·
ȻʱѺ⹬ﶼɵģ֮ǰ̫ѾҺĸи׼˷䣬СߣһӦȫȻˡ
Ÿøӻˣ˽̫Щȴ̲סţ̫ǿ˭ҹˡ 漴̫˵ȥٰ
һӾˣ̫׼޿ֳ׵ֲٰȥһ֮ǰİţԭ̫׼ıˡ
ʵۻ˹ȥȥһ˵￴ø˯ҲͿһۣҲ˵ϻͻȥˣһֹģǻʵﻹȥ̬Ҳû⡣
ȥһԨ󣬵ϲųȥ̫
̫洺磬ԵúǸˣ˰ţʵ۹˵ʵۣãĸһŰɡ˵ֵ㲻ǺϲǸѼĸŷ㱸ˡ
̫ԵúܸˣǺһչ˻ʵֲֻۣ飬˸ûгһ㡣
ʵȻûʲôθڣӦųڣĸأ
̫㿴ۻʵۣ˯ˡ
˳Ĭ˰죬ǻʵ˵Ȼ˻ʳӣǲӦø˵һ¡
̫˵˵ǣӦüµģ֪λ档˵ͺȥ׼һʵĲɵģԺȻͺӣ̫ѹס£ղ
һĶ׼ȫˣ˾һͬȥݡ
һջʵ۶ڹڲ飬̫һʼҲţǼʵɫ糣ŵ׻֪صģ׺ӻڹʣҲͽİ
һ̫ҪŻԸ֮ǰΪʵõԭȥһӦ飬ôȻǼΪ˵ģҪԸȥ
ʵТ˳ʱȻҪ̫ȥ̫һʼĻʵۻΪִҪһţֻҪʲôģЩʵһֱ֣ܰΪ뿪ˣһѵ˵ҲҪҺģҪǸ֮ȻǾʹӦˡ
ʵ۵ͷס̫֣˵ĸ󣬶Ӷ֪һֱΪ˶ӡ
ֻ̫ûʵڶĿģ˵ᶮĸ˼İɣϾ͵ĸҲΣһеġ
ЩʵдʣҪ̫ʵǱӣԸԺͳԹڹҲʲô˻
ʵ̫ȥ𣬵Ϊ·;ңԶסһҹڶղŻعȥ
һߣ⼸һֱģ͸ʧ˻һ㣬Ȼ֪ڹã̫ĳ谮֣ԺǰȻ˵Ȼ֮ǰԺ˵벻ʵϣô飿
ﻹܵģһԺſ飬ſżҪ˯˹ȥͻȻһϤ̲סһһӾ۾ſǰ״Щŵ۾
ȵıźӣ̲סЦţ˵ַˣɿүȥѽū澶챧ˡ
еİѺӴϽӹȻڹĲֲǸʳģ˸ĸҲûų⣬̣̫ǻչˣȻǹúܺãࡣ
֮ǰҪһЩǻȻȫЦ
ֱѺӱڻԼĿڣžÿյıˣһʱ̲סᣬ׶ӵգ˵㡣
ͺͱĺӲͬ˼Ҷĸźӣں֮ǰԼĸҲ̫ǸϲĸϾҪ̣ȴǺ̳ģȻʱ̣ܶĸԣѪȻǲͬġ
һʱȵĶû꣬ͻȻ䷢㵸ģչȥͼͷҪա
ûأȻҲĵģַֻʽԼ뷨ѡ
һԳԾĲУ˵үֻϳԼ𣿡
Ͱ죬Žƽ˹һȻЩˣֻϵζģϾ˯˹ȥ
˵˯ˣȻҪŴȥıźӣϷſȵҲ⣬˵ˣūȻȥˡ̵ֶ⼸òҪȥˡ
̫ʵ̫ͻˣ
ȵҲûʲôģҪ֪̲ס̾˵ôѽүū澳̫ڰѴүġ˵үѴүͻˣ̫һֱĽϵգⲻճȥԸˣվҪˡ
ү
ȼж˵ַˣүû˵ɲҪֵԺܱ߶үˣ̫Ҳ͵үǡ
ߺ󣬲ֺï˳ȻҲǸ˵ģǲ̲סʵˣ˵ڹʣ
ȴıסӣ˵ʲôʡʱӲߣֻô룬Ͼ̫󣬵ںӺò׻ˣҲˣᶨ˵ԼǺʵġ


133 
һתͱÿ, ֱʯϣȥǹ̵ģĹŮ̫Ϊ, Զһ, ҲҸĵطߡ
ջعֻ̫ȵɤӶҪðˣΪǻʳӲˣ
˵, ǸѺӱȥˣ
ʵ۸̫, ֮ǰĸڵģѵĸТǲתۼĹ, վͲˡ
ʵ߽Ų, һ̩ɽģ̫ԽԿסŭ, , ʵۣ㵹˵ѽ
̫Ȼ˹, ȴǷĲ, ӵ, , ϲЦվѾ, , ͺһܡ
ʵ۵Ҳû, Ǻ̹ϵ˵, ĸ, Ǻ, Ӧ߳ǡ
ǻʳӣݹأôһݵŮ߳󣿡
£˷صġʵȻɫƽÿһ䶼ʮʾ֣ء
̫۵ıģȻǲͬģҪڣȴͻȻʵ۹˵ĸҪʵʹһ٣޲ò
̫һӾסˣ˭ģ㵽֪֪Լǻʵۣ
̫ߣ⼸ջʵ۵Ĺ˳Ϊ֮Ϊ˽ķðѺ͵ȥʵ̫ҲûлɹϾ֮ǰôִôͻȻͨˣϾԼĶӣһʵ۵ʮֵĸ߰Ųͷ
С˻ʵ۵ľģΪǸŮˣûʲôģ
ʵ۹ţ֮Ͳ˵ˣһɴģ̫Ļðɣʵ̬ԽľŭӿǰҪʵһ⣬ǱקסֿҪˣҪ嶯ѽ
ңôôһΪ˸ŮӲͳĶӡ
ԺĹŮǸŲӣϢԣǴùͷٰʱģʮؾһ°ɫӣͷһԲޣһֻûκ·ıװȲ̫ߵȴҲʮֵš
Ǹ̫밲ģϾ̫ոջع
ٰ˻ʲô׵ģϾ׼ȥˣŵſھͿҴҵٰҪһҪȥģϾͲ˲Ѱʵ̫û𣿡
ٰЦЦ˵̫󲻷͡
ȥȻмиӰڣţǿԿȵļŮʹͷһĬģϵ̬Щˣһ֪̫ڷƢϾӣͻȻ£һȥɡ
ٰá
ٰȻûм棬Ƕ˵˴ˣһҪֺãһҪύϾ⹬ʵǼѣһļϣܿĵһȥˡ
̫Ȼһֱǻʵȴû뿪һֱ̫̫˵ʲôֻûţȻ󻹻Ȱ̫ȥߡ
ĸ󣬸¹꣬ˬĺܣĸȥ¿ĺɻɡȣ԰ĺɻˣʮֵƯ
ﻹ鿴ɻȥһ
ʵ۵ͷû˵Ĭľܾ̫ðɣ˵㻹ʲôĸ󲻳ɣҹ
ʵֻûһ㣬ӹŮӹ豭̫ǰ˵ĸ󣬺ȵˮ϶ˡ
̫ϻˣֻҪùĶܣƫʵм䵲ţû취ȥѺҪҪǻǣֵֻ̫Ц̫Ҳ֪ʳġ
ϾԼĶӣ̫ȻҪʵ۵ǡ
ֶûˣ⼸˾һֱԻ̫ʵۣʵ۶ţȴȴֲãһһյġ
ʵҲʮֵĳԾû뵽ʵΪز
ֹ˼գ̫ˣֻʱûͷȻԻʵȻǵģȴѾˣһ˵ĸܣܵķЩˣÿսսģһ˵þͱǨŭ⼸ѾмŮܷˡ
***
ȣǶܲסᵽٺߵȻ֮ǰԺסȽ죬ΨһȱóȽ϶ࡣ
˹ɴģΪᱡ͸Եסó棬ֱӿ˴˯ҹĴǳ
Ϊ֮ǰľͷǳĽţ뿪ҰûŽǿʼʵ̫һǿ֮ˣʵŭ֪ôǲǺ


134 
ļ, ͣȵļ޷ţͺ, ԭٺЩª, ǽհϲǼ̴ľ޺Ū, ϲ, ƵĲżܣոһյҲϲ
ʹһĺǶཱུϴŽ, иӶͷö
Ȼϲ, һֱǱĻţȻ̲סЦ, Լܾá
, ־ͻͰжȻĺ˯, ͵ͦú, Ҳ, Դӹ, ÿ˯һҪţ̲ס, ĸ, Ҳһ֪
ּƤһֱ, ȴǲ˯, һֱǿĿſڵķ, Ȼ󷢳, ʱ۵ĲУүǲˣڳأѾȥˣϾˡ
ڳоµ棬˵ʱۡΪ̫ȣǶڳѼˡ
֦ҶïԵдеģڵס˴󲿷ֵ⣬ʮֵ졣
˸ӣں棬˺һȥϼ˳Ծ˵ˣҲ̫ЩɣѰߦҲӵۣҲһңֻΪĽͿڸУûôġ
Կ
϶һֱʮ־ģҲûʣҪһĺ۽ȥͷǳճһϵ־ܴ󣬵Ǿ÷ǳǺһˣһŪźꡣ
ïʱģ˵ˣүˡ
һ̲סЦһϴ֣ӹѾĽӲ˲֣Ѽ˳Ȼ׼ïһͬȥˡЦʵֿʼˣ
ïȻ͵̬ҲЦĿĳ磬˵үǴϻۣͳſڰĽء
Ųĸ׾ͱúֻ֣ҪһĽø˵ĲС
ɡٺӣȻ·ߣǳһĺҡߴա
ͿԼ̲ס˷ܵѿЦɰĲС
ϴٱ㡣
ïѾϴˮֲȥ滻һѣˬ˳ͼˣһֱͿӰˣҲ֣ȻûǿҲˣԲ۾
һֱĿתĶһգ˾ͲһʱЩۣӲӹӣϿ޺ϣĺ˯
ͱͺҡΣƤһºˣ˯˹ȥ
źӿ˰죬Сӵ˯ʵǺÿаǳĿɰһø첲ˣűŵһԵĴϣʣҲóȥ
˵ˣ磬ҪŴүһ˯ɡ
ٺӾ죬ǰ󶼿Ŵǰͨ͸ķ紵ʮֵ⣬Ҳȷʵ⣬˵˯ɣˣǵø˵һ
ָæӦʵˣүҪ𣿡
ͷܹܵŶˡ˴ϣ̵Ķǲ˿ȥ˿˿ģǳҾŸүġ
˯ɣū澿϶š
Դ˺ܾ֮飬Ҳ֮ǰ̺ӵԵʣ̫ķѾˣϾ˯˹ȥ
Ǳѵģһ۾Ϳĥ䣬Ϊ˯ѣ۾ģ񲻵ˡ
Σְͱ˻ССģؿڣеĿȱ
ͰһͿʼؿڣȻǶˣĸι̣Լȥһѣȥһ˳
ѾˣһڣȻˬҲúܺóԣˣ𣿡
ȴǣ档
ȥȡȪˮ˴ףǣΣζ֮ǰõ棬ٵӣļг룬ͷټ˿ˬĿζͳˡ
ȪˮǸģǳˬڵ֭ĲУʺԡ
þͨ˵Ժˡ
Ѿȥˣֻϴ־ȥӣѾ˷ֿ֮Ķʮˡ
Ժ㴩һƵĺֱ֣֮ڶΪѣǺϵĴΪͬ
߽ЩԥոڳȾζôһĹԺ첽߹ûԥİ˻


135 
, ԱһͷõĻ֦֪ڽУŨļϢ
ԺĻ, ̲ס̾һ, ֮ǰûãŷ, ԭô
Լӳ, ԼζƿԺ㣬С˵, үһûѡ
Ժȥ, һɵĺɫխСһƽʱȥ˵װ, ΪҪ, ԴǴխֻ߰İѡ
ֻǱʢװ򱾵Ϣ, Ժú, Цȥס, һûпˡ
Ժһһʵ, ǲȥʲôóԵˣ˵ķԺһûס¿ˮ, ˵ʮռֱǼ尾, ҪӦ̫ķ, ҪЩϿڵķˡ
˲ڳ, ʵѵôֱ, ƽʱǴų۾Ӷ, Եʣѵû˸װԳֹӵѾʹͬѰ˼Ϊ䡣
˶֮ˣԶԶȥɾһġ
ȺïںĬĬĸţﶼ̬ͬ
ԺȻͣһͬȥٺӣиͤ˰ɴӣκӣ滹ûȻƽʱӶ档
ӾͿͺڸ棬ǰߣϻ˹ģ֮ǰĽź첼Ҳȥ
ַǳģһŰ棬淳˾һҲ⣬һֱӣƺҪ
⻹ûµĺǲܷģȴǳĲֽͬŲõģƺҪŲԼ
־ϲĲУ˵үǲˣ漴һ޲Ĳϻ͵̫ˣϣˬһ㣬ֱȥòã
Ȼǲ⣬ѲϻȻ󷢳
Ժʱ򣬶סˣ̲סָźʵôˣ
߹ȥͿʱίı죬۵ĲУѺӱߵԺǰ֪Ժ϶Ҳӣ˵ȥ档漴װĵԺ㣬˵үǰһֱȥ棬ǰĸˡ
Ժȴ̲סЦ˵޵ĶӣȻҪɽӵġİԵԺǲضزסˡ
Ȼ֪Ժǻʵֻۣ˵ʱŻʶƽʱദֻûǺһ㣬ԺҲûΪԼǻʵݣǵԵʰɡ
ұȥתת
Ժȥ֣һ·Ϸ糾͵ģǳǰջѣҲմ˺ˮϾʵ̫ȣȥһĳۣ׵ĳҲˬľ졣
ƽڹԺǺٴľģ˵ѰҲǱϾһӣ̫Ļǲׯء
ڱԺԺȴǿĴţҲҲŷѰķޡ
Ժȥͣ⺢ӱͲǶԺ˰죬̲ס˵ͣ㻹ǵòǣ
֪ٸ˵̲סЦЦаĲУʮֵĿɰԺҲЦ
ҪȥϵķˣԺ߶Ҫȥɹ̫ȥ˳
ѾˣͰ輦˿ļȱʵ߲ˣг˸ȲˣϺһȣմʵĽϣڻϿƤִ࣬죬ȴڡ
ֽȥ֮ǰƵĻƣǴˡ
ʱ˯ˣԺıô˿ɰˡ
үŰɡ
ѾĺˣյںϣԵģʮֵƯԺֻôûôɹӦСӿҰȥ
һֱĸչͣʵܵԺĴģˤͿɾͲˣһֱԱսսĶţǣԺԺʮֵϸܵĲС
ԺҪȥϾ˵үŷŰɣū澰Ѵүȥ
Ժ㵹˵仰Ѻӽ˲֣ȵıźӣŵĻҡ
ԺһֱĵĶſ˵⺢ֻҪ˯˾ͺܳױѣʡĵĺܡסԺ֣ͤߣΪߵӲƽʱţֻĥʱ⡣
ճʲôԺϣ֣һѱסԼϣŪˡ
˾ñط꣬ʵҲûŤ󣬰ԺĲסļ˵ƵүϲԵĿȡ
Ժϵеõ廨ζϲõ廨ϵ֬඼õζģȴǸĽĶ
ЩȻʱվԶԶģ˶ĥһûһ𣬲һղסˡ
Ժ̲ζ̹֮ʮͿͬˣֻΪŮӺãҪʮΪˣ
Ժ㱧ٵȵȡ
ҲԺĵǣգѾ߶Ž棬֮ǰ׼õĲȡ
Ժָʵʲô
֪Ժܳ͸һ׵ͣ˵үϲϿζ
ԺһˬֺһˮȪˮζʮֵˬ˴׺ӽȥˬڣļʮֵĵõ
óԡ
Ц˵ǾͶԵ㡣
ʳ޲ԺһŵʱҲļ䣬ҲộһԺȴ˵ҪѾûķˣʵڣ̫Ŀζˡ
Ĳ˾Ͳ˵ˣرǿȣƤִۣ࣬ʵĽϣζڱ𴦳Բġ
˼ھЩ壬ʱڳһ棬ֱˬˡ
һٷԺԵ㣬ų׿ɫҲ׺˺²ˮԺΧźɢ
ĵң߾ףҹģ˶û˵ֻǾĵĶᡣ
ȺïԶԶĸˣïһʼȻЩǵź˵ˣҲͷſˣʵ磬⻹ûԱ𣿡ȸЩϧ˵Եģȴûˣïʵ
ڷϳԣڳԣïΪǰܹܣŵӣȴֹˣ˵ϲʹһԡ
Ц٣˵ַĺòóԣ
ï룬ǺóԣʵĵͷҶģϴһи˵ŷģҳһڣûǷĺóԡ
˶һۣ̲סͬܵЦȵҪûˣһٳһ롣
˵꣬ȥǰ棬Ժǣ֣ٺ¹£ʮֵĵǶԣïÿ֪˵ĶôĶ˺үǺѽ
漴ԼѿѾնĸֻЩ鵱ǿ
ʵڹΪ飬̫ǰ㷢ƢһʱǱ¿ϧ̲סţ¾ãɲһܻġ
Ժ˵ǲǱﻵˣ
֮ǰ̹Ҫ뿪Ժһת۾Ͷʮˣ֮ǰӲܳţӲ¶Ǳˣֵίˡ
ȴͣ;ûʲôˡԺļϣ֪ʳӣүӦˣǡ
ԺȥȦǹ۽¹ʤգ̲סȥᣬ˵ԶţĪ£Ӧ鶼
ͶԺĻԺıס
˵ӰӰ


136 
ԺڱԺŮ, ʳãֲҪȻ, ֻ뵽̫֪Ҳǻȥˡ
ԴԺ֮, Ȼƺһ㣬Цݶˣ·Ҳĺ, ȻԶˡ
ùţԺ㱧ŶӳȥɢҲԱ, ɫ, ͷ󣬸պʺһߡ
һ˫Ĵ۾ǿƵ, ϡĿܵĳٺߵᴵҲʵĲѡ
Ժû˵ȴЦ⿴Ŷ, ǷΧʮֵܰ
תһȦ, ʱ̫, ЩˣͷҲðϸܵĺϽȥȿڲˮͻȻоһ, ͷһ, Ժһֱֻź, һֻŸȣڸȷ硣
̲סһЦ˵Ȱɣȵġ
ԭǸȷģԺСƤʵĺܣ㶼ˡ
ֺĸ˾ĸں棬⻰̲סƲ죬۴үѽ룬ôҲôףȻСӸˣ⻰Ȼҽֻûʵ۶Ҳƫ
ŻصϴѣͤȲ裬Ժüζһֹģ˻ʲô׵ģԺ˲ˮıݴݳɫ˱ǣһǺò衣
үǲҪعȥˣ
ԺͷĿǲᣬǡ
ֻȥǣұ֤šֵͳĿ죬ϾҪˣվƿ϶ҪһµģҪ紩ѣǷһҲûճȥ
Ժ֪̫ûģҲҪæȥԭ򣬼ͨһʱסģһͰԼ
ȻҲ᲻Ժ㣬ĻĴ˹ȥסԺ㡭 ԭּͨûһ⶯Ժƣһʱ˾һ
ĥ˺һŷſԺţ˲ٶǸɫĲɣǸСĺϣǸһĹװǰ˱̫ˣ׳̫ģͻѰĵ΢ζûʲôθڣŰ˱跹ԣǿθˡ
Ժ㿴Щ̫ϲԵģҲ֪ôסˣÿعʱ࣬ЩΪȸ̫󣬳Ե죬ԴƼס̫ϲá
Ų׼˳Ȼʱģ֮ǰͱõģȻ̫Ķ಻ĵĺӣȴǽΡ
ƺԺ˼Ц˵ݣǸ˶òףο̫ûйֹ
Ժ߹ס֣һŵ˭Ȳ㡣
⻰۵ЦݣҪݹԽòүҲôá
Ժţ̲סЦֻĵ飬§ס˵öԡ
ſĥ˺һŷֿ̲סţӢ̶Ů鳤ѽҿʵۻЩǣȻôȥ춼ˡ
ϵ˲ãһ˹֮ˡ
ʵۻعȥȥһԨ󣬵ϲŻ˺󹬣ϴһȥ̫̫Ȼڵֻɫܲá
ûˣ
ʵ۸ֻ̫û̱Ļ˵͵ı仯˵˲٣ȥ챧ˡ
̫ԭʵ۵ģǼʵ˵⺢ӿã˯ĴʵҲʳǻ˸ĸҲԵĶࡣ˵ԽԽߣ͵ϴԺҪô˵Լĸ
ԺȴȻ˵£ϻ۹ңôö
ǸŮ
ԺȴĸҲǸŮӣΪʲôỤ̊ʮ꾤ҵҵģ˭ǳһģҪʵڹȥˣ˭Ը룬¶ŮͬƤڹһʹ಻ǣʹҪ˵ֻ˲ѡ
ĸͬŮӾ㣡
ôͳˣɷҲû˵ŮӲԶ޲ǣ˵̫ҳ䷶Ҫվְ֧͸ˣԺ̲ס˵
̫ûʵ۾Ȼһʱĵۣİֱһɺԣұ죡
ԺҲֻ֪콥żҲû˵ˣ˳ĬһֽʵҪˣ
̫Ǿöˣּɫ֪ԺҲǶˣԼĶӣ˵Űɡ
һʱŮŰںãʵ۾ͷ̫ȥţһĺܽʵ۳˼Ӳˣȵļﻹһ˴п¹⣬ǽ˳Բȥ
Ժʢһ׵İ˱˷Уһڣȷʵû֮ǰ̼ζȴһϵζҲԲʲôǱ㡣
̫Ҳ÷˲θڣȥʵۣԵ㣬ֿǰ˱֪ģΪмǻʵ۳Ե̫ˣ˰ֽζһס̫
Ժ̲סЦ˵ĸҲһЩɣǰҴġ
˭ϡ
ʵֻûķʢһװ˱̫ĿԺ㣬ζ̫ˣ̲סһڣףζЩһˡ
Ժ͵˵ĸʹˣ˳̫ģһ
̫Ҳǲ֪ôˣĬһ˵ǹ߻ġ˵굹Ҳ˵ˣԵĺ㡣
ʳ޲֮û˵ˣһΪԵʣҲԵ⣬ų׿ʵ۾Ͷ˵Ѱ̫ĴեˣǸɣ˱ȥ̫ɫɫãûоܾʵһ֪ҲһõĿʼ
̣ܻĽܵģֻҪûз
Ȼ֪ù飬Ǳһʱ̲ס˵ʵͺȥ̫һʱǳĲУŹү˵˵ôõһŮӣΪʲôƫƫǸŮ˿ǲʶ̧٣ڵģ
үһֱĻʵõ飬͹˲֪ͬʵ˻ʳӣִ̫֮ΣҲӰʳӵĵλ
֮ǰǼӣɵǿϣԿֻͣĵĻϲƫ۵Ĳˡ
㵱ҲǲԸϣ
һӾҭסˣһڰ˵ʵѾ뿪ˡ
үֵ㵣ʲô˵ǰãò˫ȫʮֵܸɣϴҵϱȲϣȻǸѰŮӣȻҲԼĳ·Ҳ˵̫Ĳǣ
һһ˵Ҳǡ
˯ɡ
Ѿ߹ŵϨ˵ƣȻӾ˳ȥ̫ȣǵĶǱϲ˯ձ۾͸ܵү˹ͷүôȣ㿿ô˯漴ͻȻסһӾͺˣүڸʲô
һߣԴϳ֮ͱʮֵĵ͵˸ﲻٵѾӣȻó񣬵ǲڲᣬǰ̫æϾŮҪ飬Ͳȥܡ
ǳ׿ˣ⸮ۡûиˣ˭ָϣԼʼ׼ݣʮֵС
Ͷ̶̰¾Ѿ׵ɨһ顣
÷ķεΣǼƭϵѾҲ׷˻ֻ˶ְЩηɱӺ
䲻˵ڵʱǰʣҲѾˣҲ߿һۣ̲סţڸģǲͬѰ


137 
϶¡, Ҳµˣ⼸ͻȻҪƽʱ, ⲻϾҹȴΪûӣݳ޵ĲƷˡ
ϵĸǺۣ̲סĨ˵, ⻳أҲ˵һܡֵǸҿ֦ɢҶǣ
ϵ, ǻȴһڱԣλЩ
ŵĸĸ, ϵ̲סᣬҸʾʾ˵˼Σȴһֱ޶ԣѵģ
ĸ, , ʱôܿأϸ޻ӡֻһ˵֪λַΪʲôҪ, ûûεĶԼҲ, Ҳ˵һѣҲ˵һ仰, ôͲˣ
ĸ֪踺ضΪԼĸĸֵ, ȴǸʮֺ, ֱβ
ȻǸͬܣĸ˵ĺܶԣһʼţͻȻͱ˻ڸϣǽжǴȥˣϾͽŵĿܣסĸ죬˵ҪҲɣǾָŴˣһ
ĸźµĲ˵ˡ
ſ¶ЦŵСѾ˵ͨ£ѵҪҾô߽ȥɣ
СѾߴſǻˣүˡ
һžֱվ⿴ԼĴ磬׵ȥӭߵſھͿǵ˽
үôô磿
ǰȥ˻ݣ˴飬⼸ղŻ֮ҲһֱæţŻ绹ͷһΡ
ޱ飬Ŀȴһ˿һԵ̫ʦϣĸæȥ裬ֻʣһЩҶĩˣһʱ֪ΰ죬һе״Ҳǲ֪ٺ»ֱˣ⼸ûһȫʣµһ޶գʲôҪԺò裿
˲ˮȥۣ΢΢üһ˵ղǸµģôˮ
ĸǲ˵ˡ
һʱھĵģͷ˵ȥҸл˵
ĸڨڨˣŹţֻʣˣżɽ˵һͬϣ㸸飬
˼վֱӣ̲ס˴֣ˣԸ֮ǰɲ˵һζˣװ߸Ͳ
ȴҸһ顣
ʲôֻûô򵥣Ͼ;ʵ
ͷһڲˮüһҶĩûסĺ̲ס˳ó׼죬ֻǿӵʱһ㶣һʮֵƯ֮ǰµģΪᣬִ˻ȥϵݹӲ˲졣
֪Ӽҷ¶ȻŮҪǲʣǵĺӱһӣ
֪˵ǶԵģɥĵͷϵӣһģ˵֪Ӽҷ˴ǵĺ޹Ĳǣһ뵽ۺӣǾĵĲС
һʼֻǾסĹؼֻ󣬵ǽĺڶ･Ϊĸ׵ĸ鱻
ϼҪˣҲǨŭӰɣ
˵˵ʲôѵҵĹѪ漴ŵѵôż飬֪Щܿ࣬˸ĸȴΪ˺벻ǣһ̣ܻġ
ϼֱܳһμƣˮۿתƣ˵ֻҪһ⣬ҲԸġ
⣬˵׼Ͻӻ

ô㲻Ը⣿
ǣֽ֮ˣصʲôԸģһ飬ֻ𣿡ϵڻǵּǻӣϴŵֹ̬ׯһǹʮֺõģȻҪ룬ΪʲôҪһԸɣ
ȵȣ
ϻˣʲô漴ղ˵һͨÿһ䶼벻Ϊ˺Ӻãѵ˵롭
̧ͷȥ󣬡ˣ˼ǣ
һӾͶˣ˵ͷ˵ίʵϲ̨棬ҰϽӻѺӼ£ԺԺҲãҲòǣ
ҵ檣
νƽ޲Щ̼ŪŮ˵ֶΣɷɴǲϵģȻҪѺӼ£ȻޣôҪˡ
ֻһɺĵӿǶձһˮǣû뵽Ȼ鵽زҪȥܾȴԼĶӣ˵ͷһӣȴȫ׵ϲãɵҲ³󲢲ӡ
ĸĸ ղһž˵˹ĸĸ֮ǰ˵ȴֻûἰȻΪҪЮ
Ϸ֣Լھһֻ׵ĸģȫ޷ı£ֻ
̧ͷһʤȯյ壬ȻʹˣΪʲôڲ˵֮ǰ ѵΪӣЩѾĸ飬Ķӣһε̥ڸǾ᲻á
˵ǰ㣬Ϊ˺ӣ޿κˣҪи׵飬˵ڸĸֵֻܻܲһ仰ˡ
ֻ뵽ֻúЩĻǱģȻ߸˵ļ޹
ȥʱѾһС
ֻҪԸ⣬ȻԸá
¶Ц˵ϲһûж֮ˣ෴Ǹ֮ˣֻҪúõĴģͬһһͬӣգ˵ͻȻʧһǮϽŵʱҪûǰ裬ҲûǮͷ裬̣ǲǲᷢˣ
ΣǶǹȥˣڶҲá
ߺ̱ϣɫãȻĸ߽˵ˣôôأ
ҾǴ׵ĸ򣬻Ǵ˵㡣
ĸͱϣһͬͷʹǲ˵ˡ
ֻˬģ˵壿˺ӣտϵĸ֣Ѿ御˰ɣ
ҲӦˣһҪϻˣʱȻǽͷöʱվȥ޵ͷȻӶ£˵ԺӲƫģҲĵĺӡ
ѾҲĳ˰ɣ
һó꣬תתģ˭֪βϣԼ߶ѡ
ǲ˱˵ĺӣѾҪˡ
Ҳû뵽΢ز
ЦݵĻڹ˰죬ȴûҵɶ
ɶԺɹعϸɣСѾ˵ɶ㣬˺ء
ɶİһЩعҲȥ˵ϲû£ҡ˵䣬ݺݵĶһѾȥݡ
СѾҲ˵ֻɶеȻô˵ˣ⸮ۡҲֻ㲻ɡ
ɶ˵ǼƵֱֵأ
ɶϴαô֮󣬵ҲΣȻڱ˵ʲôʲôǰ滹ǻһЩ˵˵ǰʱǼѰɣ
֪ɶĻȥҳ
ɶӦһȥȥңȻ˳ԭ·˺СⷿҪҡ
Ǽ·ѾˣȻܿʮ־£ϲƣڵ·Ҳǣ¶š
˳Ĭ˰죬˵ȥ£Ҫ
ɶ󣬵Ҳûж·ȥ˵ϾҪˣѵҪȥҷ˲ɣʵʵȥٶ
ûѣڣֹ棬ֻͭƺһӾֻصٵʱ򣬶ʱ洺ĳš
ŵȻĭٳűǰɶקסʵǲŴȥǱߣ
ĭͷͼɶ¶̵ɫ˵ŻѪģһжΪ˴ˣȴ֪ϧŪķ˺뿪ӹüɹ֪˵ĺˣȴ۰Ͱ͵ȥ󣬻˻ͷеǸˮգǸӣ˭Ĳǣ
ĭΣ˵Ҳһȥ˻
˻ΪʲôҪǼѣɶŵ˵Ϳðɣǰȥһˡ
ĭһֱ֪ԼӵƢһֱҲΪݣɶԣҲǸĳ谮ЩϵҲûпֻЩ棬˵ӣôôȷ˲ͷ
Ҿ֪㲻Ϊ㲻˽ˣ𿴷˺ƿףƺ˵ʵǸڸ֮ˣ¸ӶܱĹϣȻѡ߳ȻͷƢԡ
ĭŰɵĸţ·ȥһ䣬һȥޣͺȥӰŮһ㡭 ԼĻһʱЩ񣬴Ѿ˼ҪǷĲԸΣ
ʵĭһֱܵģ⸮ûȻҲûһ찲ȵӣЩ˽ϣܻͷ»صһǲǶľȻ򣬺ǰһˣ
Ҳǹˣ
Ժ뾩ͦԶ˵ʱɫѾˣʵʵ˰ȥȻſڵš
ȥһͻ˵λˣԲסˣǷ˵ղ͡
˵
ڶգȻˣϣ㣬ĵ˰ȥֻһλǱܾˡ
ȥ·ϣĬһ˵ʯΪܻҵġ
ĭѾ֪˵ʲôˣֻڱ΢ĶˣʮӶʮЩ˵׼ˡ
ֻǺ漸գæĲɿпյʱǸݵʱ˸ȥ˱Ժ
һΣȴͻȻЩͬѰſͣһ˵Ȼûκθۡı־һģ˵ͣ˭
ԭΪαܶ˷ߺ޵˼ʱһӾ̲סˣİһαܣֱӱˡ
ҪǷˡ
˵˽ղ͡
ͷǵģסˣҲû˵˵Ȼ˾ȥ˳츮˳츮ĶѧǺ˵
ϳ£ôܲܣҲͷһ¡
Ųȥλַ׽ҲûʲôѵģڴӦ˵Сһ׮ʲôʱȥ
Ͽ϶ͺǡ


138 
ʵڹ˼յ̫, Ȼǻ̬ȴǱǿ࣬Ĳ, ÿٶٲ, ûʵ۷˲١
, ʵ۵һľ棬ٲø̫ἰ̫ںȲ, ⻰˵ʵۣҲС, ǲҪǳôĶ, ϵûź˶ᡣ˵ͣʹ˵, 㶼źչ˺ͣģҲ֪ôˡ
ʵۺΣ˵ͳԵĺ˯, ϴȥʱ˲١漴ֵ˵ϻ˵, ҪСּͺ, Ҳ̫Ųǡ
̫, һɺ, ˵ûҵ׵, Сʱ, ʲôʱŹ㣿
ʵ֪˵ʲô̫ܻᷴҲˣ̫߶꣬˵ϾͰˣŸ磬ҪҪȥ
ҳȥƣ̫ĵɴ۾ʲôʱҪԼӣҪȥϱסĵطԣҲϱ
ǿŻʵ۱̫ϳģһʱսľģҲҳͷӺ濴Żʵ˳ȥ
Żȥ̫ڷƢĶˤ߰˰ˣֽߵ˵֪ʵ˵ʲôҳȥμ͵İ磬һĸѵԼҵӻҪԼţ
֪Դϴ̫Ѻӿʵ۾Ҳ̫Կˣ̲סţüһҲֶ̫ˣȻĻʵΪ롣
Ȼûĸ׵ģȴҲ֪һĸԸԼĺӣҲ˼վڴֹЩ֪أϾݸ빬Ǻڹʲô
һʵ۵ĳ谮ڣָԴ
ϻʵ̫̫ȻˣǲԺ˵һŷѵü˿л齴
ʵ۳ھͷ¿ӣ̫Ǿûɿڣʵ۲ԣ˵ʵ۲һ˵Ҫ棬ⲻˣôͲԣ
ʵ˵ĸûԹˬ棬ˮˬˬһ;ͨ
ôĶôǲǻû̫ҲԸ𱸻ʵۣϾһ֮һĸ׵ĲȥҪѧˡҲʵ̲ס
ʵֻûĸװʱȥ֪ˡ
ס죡
ʵڹ̫գŵ̫࣬ȥ˱ԺʱϣϲĲУûУʵҡͷ͵үʲô
ϴγԵǸС
ںŶӣ˾Ͱ͵ԺĻ˵ͣǵ𣿡
ƺĻһֱԺ㣬ģ۾ģ񣬱ɰˣԺ̲סͷ׶ӵգ˵ȥ档
һʼͻе£ǵżԺ㱧ţ¹µҹһӾ˷Ժ㿴̲סҡͷ˵Сӣôô̰档
ںţͻȻһ߹˵˼䣬Խ˵ȵɫԽѿ˵ͷȥԼߵ˻ʵ۸ǰ˵үղ˵Ժֹ˼䡣
ԺЦһ˵һûˣԼˣ
Ⱦǵ󣬾Ȼ˳츮׽ǲ֪ˣ⻰Ҳὲʵ̬ûùӳˡ
ֵô󻹲Ϊӣڸ󳼣̫һ仰סˣȲ˵ǲǶŮݾͲźʵۣҪӵ£㹻ڮٻʵˣźЩ֪ˣٲ˵ʵһռޡ
ָŻʵ۵ıǲҪµڶ
ʷΪǿռ޶Ļӹʵֵۣı׶ɱĽ֡
⵱Ȼ̫Σأ˵ʵҪϣЩʣҲ̫ŭġ
ֻ˭лʵƫƫϲϣһ˸ӳֽ׳ִϻۣĻÿҲϲĲС
ʵ۲ɫģŶںȦöĵָ·ϵĶ˵ǲǺܺÿ
;ȻҲζţֻʵֻϲԺ˵ˡ
㣬ʵҲʹĲˣһžһ׵ɡ
ŻѾѷ˰ںˣһ໨ɵĴŻʵԵ棬ڲ㣬ƬһͺƬ˵ү֮ǰҲ˵һʱ׼һ㷹ˡ
ЩᣬԺȴúϲ˵һҲмʮˣҲͳԼϲԵĲ˶ѡֵһ˵ֵϹʮˡ
ô𣿡ĸ˲ϲ˿ޣǱԼϲˣ̲ס¶Ц˵үǺˡ
ԺϣӹӣЦ˵ʲôʱ㣬˵ĶʵϾϷԡ
Ժٻǰ˵ʵ۵ԳƣŻʵ۵ݸˮ棬ദǢԺҲķſԼҲѾ̩֮Ȼˡ
ûţʱΪ˻ָ̬һֱʮע⣬ֻ԰ݶԺû֮ǰôԸȥģȴЩ̲סˡ
Ժ㣬Ҳһ棬Ҳһ롣
ų̲סӣ˵һʱûסԶˡ
Ժ̲סЦգһˮȥһߣʳ
˳˵ԺĻԺ§ס˾ıһöû˵ȴǾＫΪƽ
ȥɢʱԺʵôˣ㻹ûţΪѾԹˣû뵽Ȼࡣ
Ȼ˵ⲻ̫ˣżһ
Ժȥǰ̬ͺ񻣬˺֮ԽԵ÷ˣͶ֮˼˵ζԽˣ˵͵ס
ˣ
վԺǰֻԼֵĿȶ£ס˵ô֣𣿡
Ժ˳ȥΪ̧ĶССļΪȻ¶ʵ۵ǡþ¶İ𪼡ϡ
Ǵͬ֬һģֻԺһʱң̲סһӾͺˣү
Ժѹ˵һ㶼֣ġ
ĲУҲ˵ˣ˵ͷԺȥס֣˾ţŻʱҪϴʱһѡ
ԺһֱӾ;ѪӿԭһᱡıɴûˣǱɴճˣֱ˵͵ס
ʵҲߵĲУǹ˵˵ˣԲˡ
һҹķǲ˵ԺݺݵһԭûԺֻһŮӣһͻȻϣԺȻûŮˡ
ҲҶ룬ǰֻһүϣһһһ˫ˣһ֮ЩҪƺҲ̫һЩ
賿˯ĻģͻȻ洫һ󶯾̲סʵүǲǳʲô£
ԺĿȴʮֵᣬ˵ûе顣ֵ⼸ǲҹ㣿
鲢ܣҲûʲôģ̹Ȼ˵ΣȻ˰ô
Ժͷ˵ԺҲˡ
סʱ;һӾ;ˣ˵үǲˣ
ԺЩ¶㲻ùܡ
ѾˣȻ˯ţ˵үǸ˵ɣȻ˯š
Ժﰵ˲£Ҳ֪ʱѾסˣԺ˹ϴ£˵Ҵ㿴ˡ
ҹԺԺﱻһȺˣͷļͷݺݵĴ˺ü£ѾͷĿѣ˶ɵˡ
ͷ˵ſǣ֪˭
һҲҿöƷڸ󳼣ſӹǴ
Щȴ˿ûãǲ֪Ǽү˭
ѵӲɣ˵ǱҲ£׽ģϵסԭ˵˲Ǳˣ
һҪ׽Ǹ򣬽˳츮Ķˣҹ׼һ׽ˣȴס˵ͷһ٣ֻǶӦóѪˣ۵ĲС
Ժ߳պ⻰̲ס˵ǽ⿪
һӾͽסˣͷϵÿ¹һͻʵ۽վһ𣬾ͺǡ
ͻȻǱ˴һͷ˶ɵˣ˵ģֱ֪Լʲôطʲô
ʵۺ
˳츮ԭҲţ޲ˣ˻ʵ۵һӾʵˣҽÿԼͷϵô


139 
һҹϮ, ͻȻС꣬˳츮ĶȻ𷻼Ĵţ˵ǻʵѾ˸ң˸, ʱֻ޻̸֮, Ͼʵ˻ʳΪʲôҪҵĺӣҳٳûѸ£Ͼ漰͢Ĵ²ǣ
ҼȻϲΪʲô빬ѵΪŮݲף
˺ܿͽˣΪͻȻϾסıԺ, ϲޣ
ѵ˵
˾°ͶҪ, , Ҳ̫  ô˻ˮ
Ŀû취ͻʵ۵ǣŵŲҪˣĴһ˿, ʵ, ͱ£
û˵ʵȴȿ, ˵, ޵, һֱ
Ա߻ԴĶ, 𾪵춼ϲ, 仰ȷԼ²ǶԵ, һʱ﷭ڵ
һи, ȴĽקס, ǳĻˡ
ʵ۵Ļ, ͫ, ȻἫΪ, ʵǲǱƵģ
ӣʱǱ˰ѵڲϣҲˣһ˭ǵı£֮ҪʣҪŻʵڲǣ;˳˳ġ
һ̣ͻȻͲ룬ﶼǺǰʮѰ飬ȴǼϧѵá
һ뵽ҲزǰӣҲǰռֻ۵ļҪϢˡ
۾ͨ죬ȻżĴĿﻹһϣô
ԼһܾҪˡ
ñ£˴ãǺӾǱµġ˵⻰̹Ȼ˵Լĸ飬ǸʮҸ顣
ԺȻ֪ǰ̹Ȼ¶⣬ֻøղӿһⶼɢֻʣ顣
£ǳޣ
󺰵ƺҪˣȴʵЦ˵󵨣ǲͺˣѵҪΪһӲɣ
ʵķ£ҪΪݣͰͺӽ빬ȥˣҲ̫󣬵ԽԽᷳĿ･ɱ⡣
ŤȻҲʶһ㣬ǰԸϣȴǲͬǰĳȴôѪԵǳȥˡ
ͻȻ󷢳ƽܵͬһ㣬ǱЩȻҪ
һؿڣڵͻȻͷʹ
һʼķŭʶЭյĳ׵ľԼĸ顣
Ȼһжˡ
ججĳ˱Ժ߻лʵ۶ľ棬ĪҪڳ룬ԼݣҪپˡ
ǰͺˡ
Ǹŭţȴżߣдº̤ҹ·ʱԼԼʧУѾԤʾŽˡ
ߺ󣬶˾µʲôû
ʵҲĳϾڸ󳼣һ棬û뵽Ȼô硣
ʹԺЩˣҲ⣬˭޷ĨԼĹȥԺһֱ̹Ȼֻ벻ԺȻ񷴸վԼһߡ
һ˵ζҪԺ˵ȴ̬һʱֻЦԷǣնʱͱ
ԺȻҲΣҡͷ˵Ȼʲôûͷȥֻǡʵͣһ䣬û˵ϾͷӦ˹˵ҽʲôûѽģ
˵Ż͸ܵˡ
ˣΪ˼ΪԺһ·ЦԷǵĻҡ
Ϊֱ̫ۣӾ˯˹ȥ˵ȥͲˣһβڵģ˵̫ҽһֱûлȥи⡣
Ҳû£ǩºʱѾûκεĹϵˣĴˣһֱǰˣһжȥ⡣
ϾǶӵİˣȻֻڼ죬Ҳϣܸõģǲ˵á
ȻˣйޣʦһңԼĸĸѾ·ˣʱ䣬ǿԸġ
ֻһ뵽ĸΪͷۣҲ֪ҪôǽԼͻʵ۵飬Ͼ¾ԼһʼҲò˼ĺܡ


140 
󲡵ĺ, üҽֹȻľò̫ˣȴչ, ҺԹԡ
ĸϺһ, ˣ˵, , 
ѾûԼĹĸ, ԴӼ, ̫ĵľҵ֮, ϾͲˣһֱԺ, ҥ˵Ѿ̫ĴӸ, ⵱Ȼҥ
ǹ˷˵ȷʵǲˣ˼ҵļӼ׻֪, ǹ˷ٴߥ޹˴ˣһ, 涼Ҫ, ͵͵˸˴檣Ӹ, Ҳδ, ⸮ۡУҪ˵ܸ˴檵ĳѹʵϷ, ʣ¹˷, Ȼ, öϱȥŹ檸ǻơ
˼ϴǻȥ, ЧҲԶ׼, ˷һʼǣǹ̫ĴΣֺ壬ǵ˽ţһǳ캬ĸˣһǽĿ˵檣С㣬ȻͽĶԹ˷Į
˷ҲǺ֪һļӲҪȻ檣һȴֲѴź̫
ʱȻѾˣСУߵŮͨź̫εİѹ̫׽
˷˷õʱ䣬ܺƽɫûճҲ㡣
ϵҲûʲôñԹĹùõģԴӼŷ֣һŮһ˻ΣǾͲʱˣһжҪԷΪأοӼҵͲˣûŮҪ㣬ϼѡ
ʵùÿ˵ʲô
ĸ̫̫˵ʷΪڸ󳼣ˣĸߵ죬ټĿɲˣǵ£˽пĸڸְְӶƷԱƷ֥٣ⲻǸӣֵҪ飬ɵش˼ܻ꣬лϾڣǸбµģŭʥտɾûлͷʱˣҪ˵ ˵ϾȻµ˻ӡ
Ҳû뵽ľȻǻʵ۵ĺӣΪʲô֪Ҳй¶˷ȻҲ˵ģǻʵ۾ԼĻʳӹ磬ܾôûûֵģȥ֮˼þʹַ֣λѸˡ
˵ӶڳŻᱻ⣬ҲȻλŰղѾΪˡ
ĹʵأɼصҪԣʵ۷Ϊ˼Ѿ˵ˡ
˻ʵ۲˵ǻʳĸǰ
֣ùʲô˼ʱ뿪𣿡
ĸͣ£˵ŴˣһӶû취
ͻȻеЦǰŵʱ²ģҪãʱѵͲ֪˶ӣҶ⺢ӲԼģ
ֺ˾һˣȻ⺢ӵıµģǱȻҲϵĸɸɾġ
֪˱˵ĺӣҲҪ˽ӻ
ѽǵ̰˱ߵʱأ
վЩдԭʮֱģԴӼҳµʱǻһжΣԼӼҾһ
û뵽ȻҲĳһ棿
ϵͷȴԼĶӣӵĸףǰһֱĮҲȫΡ
ҹù˵ɣҲżһﳼ֮Ů뿪ܹʲôӣ
ͻȻĿᶨ˵͸ù˵ֻûֶŮˡ
ˡ
ôŵ˵ž¶ӣĸһʱ˸ᣬ˵׼źôȴ
ԺĪҪ˵ˣһҵˣҵĹϲ˲ᣬ˵ҩȥҩ
ˣūȥ
ϴŶӣĸȻȻţԼҩһǰһȥϢңȫҩζȣʮֵܣҽ˵ܼ磬Ҳҿֻȵʱ򣬿͸͸
죬ͲһȦɫƣһǼֲ̬֮꣬ϻѣɽ·ã·ϱĭصģʵĭҲȰ˰죬ǵʱʧǵģ˵ʲô
֮ͿʼգȻʼ˵λʱʱԺ
˯һԼص˺죬һ죬ûк룬ȻǮ㹧Ҳѳڡ
˵ĲУںΪʲôֻҪúõĶԴһϵĻưߣȻҽβ顣
еһжƣ谮Ǯĳª˵Բȥ
ҪԼ⣬Լѣ޷ԼеһƻǣȻĿԼǮߥȥ
רŴЩﲻĸǵĵطֻܽʱȻü̧ʬģʹʣȴҲ޿κΡ
ȥ֮һǮûκεΣѧδãǷҲ߰˷ֵơ
ľͲģڿʼĺĴεĶǮӡ
ٺʵȥˮʱʵۻʮĳģ˵ֻʱʵûкһȻҲԹԣڸ󲻾þͳ˻ʵ۵Ϊεˡ
֪µҪԣÿ곯͢ˮϻ˴ӣȴЧÿ겻֪Ϊˮ˶ٰա
ŵҲǮ˵ʲôˣҪȥӻмӵüμ飬涼β֪ڸģһλдеţȻĹεġ  ȻЩܲס£һȥȴǺü꣬عʱѾˡ
űӿĻƺˮ˳ջʵһֱǹûǹ
ֻȻǹţȱִżԹʱţ¿ԹŭĿ⣬̫æһϣȻ
ǮˣȥôĥģǮ編ơ
ȢӼҵĹȻЩ棬ǸƵˣÿ궼ȥɨĹ
һյģȥΪ˰ѳֳʮ׸ˣ֮ǰվǶᣬȻ᲻ģȴýˣиһֱѪĥ
ڿȥİˡ
ͻȻ䣬ߴһϵġ һ۾ͷ֣ԼڴϣͦŴǣ˵ˣҩ
һãȻܣҲӿУղξ


141 
ξʵǹʵ, ̲ס˺һ󣬵ϰҩݹǿɬζֱǻ, ̼Ҫ³ʱŻع
ϿȰˣһ̣ҩβǣ
üͷȴǰҩˡ
ϵһˮ, ڣ漴˳, ֻɫܲ, ʵʲôҶ
ϳĬ, һԵĸ̲ס˵ˣΪ˸β, ѾԼΣʵûжҶ, ⻹ϴʣµһ㡣
󻹳ԼΪ׸ѳֳʮļ, ôϺõĲˮҲȲϣ
һʱֵļ佻һ, ͷʹĲС
ϼ۵Ĵ, ŵĸϽȥҽ, ҽҲ޲, Ǹʩ, ƽ
һĻŵ, Ҳ̲סϵĳȻ˵ô飬˱ϾһӣҲǸƵģѵ÷ŵ˵Īˣһûˡ
Լ֪ͷǸԼйأǳԽģǰ
Ϊʲôһֺǰͬ
ͻȻڱԺ̸ʱĿ⣬Ȼʱֻ̫һʱûô࣬ϸ룬ǾԲһ ǰջѵ顣
ѵ˵Ҳǡ
׻㶵ķһԵȴֲͬ⻹һº͵Ķ˵
ȥ󣬼ʧ˻һ㣬һʱ־þ壬ˣ
ȴͻȻһЦŵϲУȴûп˵ķӦЦЦȴͻȻ
һʱٸнȴҲ֪εȥȰοȴڰҡ
⻰ȻͺˣʲôֻЩᣬǸֻǸ̾µ޳
վûкҩ
***
ָĺܺã̬Է飬ⲻûŲף˵ζǱҪˡ
̲θĵҲܲɷ֣ҲˣҲˣ̲ξѾûκβˣ׼뿪Ժˡ
ǲᣬʵˣһˡ
̲ĴĺܺãһֱƽɫϲƵϲԼ൱棬ȻǲᣬȻҲԭ֮һ̲εҽãҪڣҲ֪ԼⱲܲܵĸס
ȻǸмģҲǲԭ
̲ȻˣʵҲ᲻뿪ԺаͽܵïȻʱ͵ܻٲ͵͵Ѻͳʳ
ҲȥܶŴ󻧣˼ҿ̣ҲսսģǷһԺȴǲͬǸƵģ˼ãԵĺãҲȺۣԺҲʮֵǢҶϲ¡
ֻԼ־ԸЦ˵ˣûвɢϯԺÿˣһġ
Ҳ֪̲βǸڱԺˣԺʲôţ
̲δñҩӼҴ󲮣ǣˣѾնףҲš
ԸǱóԸƽͻȻ;տյģһֱҪЧʱдһҽ飬ÿȥʵˡ
̲ξͰԼ뷨˵ˣ̲סΪ壬˵Ҫ츣Ůӡ˵ŽïӺѸ̲͹
ЩӲ࣬Цɡ
̲ƽʱ˲ٵÿλʵ۹ȻһʣҲ٣㹻⼸Դרĵдˡ
лˡ̲εҲûѣл
˼䣬̲ξͻԼסԺӣʰҲճˣïȥ̲УȻ౧ԹǸŲ̲ȷʵѧ˲ٶȻĳҪ̲վ飬ǵ˺棬Ϊ̲̫û컵˼
ʦҪѽ
ïʮֲᣬ֮ǰ֪̲׼ˣ͸˺ü˫Ьӣݸ˲̲˵ʦǸЬӡ
̲νӹЬӣЦݣͷ˵һΪʦΪȻûʽ㣬ǲɵÿж
̲θïһѵĿҵïһʼᣬԽԽǾͷɫͺܲˣ˵ʦЩҪ𣿡
͵̲μïԥԥģʲôףһʼֻïߵģٶҽΣʱæǽ·֣ѾͷȻЩ츳ǿһ̡
ïһͷ˵ҪѰҩͲҩ𣿻пչң
ȻҪܣһ˵㡣
ïˣ̲εĻҽ͵£һƴӵģģĻȻǲᷴġ
̲μïԴ뿪̲ס¶εЦңõԺӣٻˡ
֪Ϊʲô̲ܾãġ
ԴѲ֮ӶαԸҲñŭڱԺӣ⼸Ϊõʱˡ
ǻΪõļ䡣
̲ߺ󣬵ûԼĻż¾ͼŶïѧҵïֱ಻ԡ
Ϊ̲ζֶûл͵ˣҽҲࡣ
ŰӵĸĸҲ˾ǣ߿ǲȥӵģ·ָһֱĸ˵ҵˣ֪˭ҥ˵ǼҰУ˸Ұ֣ʱҾ͸˳Ҫţ޲ȥø
￩һµģǻʳӣɸ˲ͬү̫̫㲻ɮ濴棬Ҳ̫ɣ
ʵҲţһʱⲽԺպû̬ģʵĸǲǽչ
ûʵ۳ƺһĸҲʮˡ
иж˵ѽһ͵ˡ漴¶ֹģԺ״ʵôˣ£
ҵңǡ ҪиԴǲĵطү¡
ԺЦõġ
ָһ͵ˣһݾ;ЩԣЩҲδ̫ˣͬŵıʿһģȻǿǱЩʿˡ
ŵԺӭĸ̲סס˵ơϸһôá
֪ĸ׿ˣ֪οڣͻȻӵĿĸͱźӹ˵ˣү֪ΪʲôͻȻ
ŵȥֽȥҽ
Ҳʲô⣬ֻΪҹ˯Щӣҽʩͺˡ
عĸɴ۾ָź˵ǣ


142 
ָڴм, ͼĸϾĲ˵ˣֻǿͺӣȻҪƽ, ָȴ΢΢
, ǳȥ˵ǣĸ׵, ˵
ŴҳïѾ˲ˮ, ָȵˮĸȵ¶, м㣬п, һӦȫ, ʮֵı¡
ֻϷ޸û飬ֱֺ˵ʵ, , Ǻô£ѵһˣ
ĸ֪ӣóͲˣ̲ס, , ǰޣȻ쾭, ͳ, Ѿˣʲô¶
ֺԭЩż, ˺ϵĿߣͷż, ˵, , 㵹˵⺢˭ѵģ
֪˵𣬱ϾԺѰԥ£ôһͿиŽһʵôˣ
ԺҪĸĸ֣صȥԡϴˣʹˣʵҲûȥ֪ͨԺ㣬ԺͬѰŮһԼĸĸò̫׵ԺԲ⣬ȴûзִ硣
ԺԵʣΪϷ޻ûȴĻͼҴҵĸ˹
ԺżϾ˵ү;ˣҽʩ룬ҲͲˡ
ԺŻȥͿмƵķޣҲ֪Ϸޡ
үǺӵĵ
ԺҺͰĺӡ
ָֺȻǲ˵ģǷӶˣȻҲϵĹϵȻҲڡ
Щԥ֪ô˵ԺݣôһԺȴѾǰ̸ֺĸ⼸ջͦȵģ·ˡָָԵλã˵
ֺԭŭ⣬ǿԺʲף̸ϣǸģȻмֿ˵ı£ǰǷǸģҲ̫ͻŻҪʲô˵
ҪŮǸŮƴҲŹ
Ժʶֺһȥ̬Ӧһ㣬Ժ㷴ӦЦŶֺ˵
ȴү棬Ҳû𱰣Ҹλá
ֵֺӵˣүʲôˣ˵ʲôףбԺ󣬸ǳʲôģԺҵˣ
Ժ£ϷҲһԡ
£ï»˲ˮ֮ǰѾˣֻï£Ūֽŵģ꣬ȥ
һʱΪûǾ˵ȽϺãӲͷƤ˵үʵǡ
ͻȻҳ˵ˣү˯ˣڿأ
ôˣ
ūӦþˡ
֪ʱһҪţŸղһЩܣˣҲ˲˵үȥơ
ĸǺŽȥģԺ˵Ҳϯֻ˵ʲôȥ͡
ͷȥң͹ȻúõģƢƢʱһֱץߣȻ󷢳ܲͬ
СӣƢôô游ĸˣء˵Żͱ˻
һͲߺˣȥץ䣬ǰȥҧǰ̵ϰߣǺûˣϰʵؿڣһһεģĸ
ȻľͰͷؿڣ۾ЩҪˣȴҪ˯Ҫż̲סЦͣԣ˯ɡ
˯Ŀ죬ڿ⣬۾ֱ˯˹ȥ
ֿ̲ͣŴҳߵ漸˵ϸһ󲿷ֶǸֺ˵
֪үʲôӪģ
һ㶣Ժصڳְ
ԭǹңСŮˡֺϾ͵ȻѾżַɣȻԺĻش漴ʵүģҲʮ˰ɣӦȢ˲ǣ
ĿЦãԺȻûֱӱݣ˳Ÿĸ˵ȻҲʮֵģæ߽ȥڵʮֵĳĬָʵɣϷԺ㣬ģҪԺ˵Ĳ⣬ϾҪһ㡣
Ȣ򲡹ȥˡԺʵĻش
Ϸˣ˵㿴ʲôʱǰȢȥ
Ͼʹչ˵Ǳ˵ˣ֪ү˭漴Ժ˵үҲǣΪʲôֱ˵أ
ֲָͬѰϾ˵үǵı¡

ģָ֣صĵͷһӾˣſڰЪϵĻ浽ҽ˳ףҪԺһ㡣
֣صĵͷ˵ô˵Цүǵ£ǧȷ
Ϸ޻Щ£Ҫ̫˼ˡ
ָֺȥԺ㣬һö壬Ǽģʱ˵Ŀġ
Ůϻʵˣ
ȵȣոԺʲô뻹ãһ뵽Щˣָ﷢ֱӹ˵  £С飬Ȼʱ£ˡ
ָһĸҲŹ״ȻҲˡ
ԺȻæ
Ժǰ˵Сϥǡȥָͺϣ˵Ҳɣ֪
ָֻýŵģ󱳶ʪ͸ˣû뵽ʵ۾Ȼơ
л¿ָм˵
˴ָͺȥһϴߵſڣָһĲţקʵ⵽ô£
˵
һԵָ˵Ϊǲĺȣ
֪Ҳǻ̻Ȼģ˵ûе¡ֵûȸ֪ǣҲҵĴ
ĸ飬ôǰ֪ǣ˵Ҳһţ㣬̫嶯ˣ
ʵҲΪԺݸӣûǰ˵ڸĸǰ棬ģ漴ֺ˺ü䣬˰ģȥϴˡ
صڣԺտͳ˯㣬ҲˣߵȲ裬Ϳ
ү
ԺЦų֣˹Ͱ˻ȥһϥǣ˵Ųң͹ˣϾǲ֪飬ķӦҲǳ֮СֵԺֵҲΪҳٳٲܸ֣㲻֪ôԸĸ˵Ҳй
ôܹү
ļٸнʵԺ˵ĶԣΪûû֣Ժû취ǰ֪ĸΪ̫˼ģ˵顣
ֻû뵽Ժ㾹Ȼͨһ֪µŮѾ͸ů֪ʵ۵ϲַûһӣڰο
һʱѹֵеĸ飬˵үá˵⻰̧ͷԺ˹ȥ
ǲֲ꣬࣬Ǵϸ꣬յĳůʣԺһӾͳУ˸ղҪ˵ʲôȻˣǲŨİ⣬ȴӵ
Ũٲûһѣһʱ١
¸ĸǣҲҺԺĥ̫ã˾£ȥһ˳֮ǰͷԸȥζ˼ˣŻȥ˸ĸס
֮ǰѾ׼ԺˣҾҲ˴ģǸĸϲʽҸֺƣøĸĳ
ָֺںܺ˵ôҲ벻ôͻʵһ𣬶һһʳӡ
һʼȻǸ˵ģϾǻʳǺεȵҫǺֵܿ˵үҸĹӣҲǰϵģôǵʥأ
ֺҲŮݣһӶû취ˡ
˶һۣ̲סһָ̾˵ǰһֱԼĺӣҼҲʮ۳谢Σһϲ£֧ǣҪкȡ
ϵͷ˵ү˵ǣԼͺܿˣǲٸˡ
һ¾ѯֵˣģҲǴŭ˻ʵۡ
վſڣ˸ĸĶԻһǸǿˣڸգ´ûкڹһ̣ͻȻĿĸ˻ҪΪġ
һΧһԷϲԵĿѼ⣬иװԵļˣǶ档
һʼϷ޻ͦŵģǼԺλԴϣ̬ƽͣͬѰļһ㣬֪ʵ۲ûн⣬ķ
Ժ㻹ָһƣ˵롣
ֺǳϻ̳Ͽ֣ǾｾûʵԼҲʮֿԵʣ˵ĲУٲöڡ
һʱʮǢȻ֮ǰйССĲãҲҹȥˡ


143 
ֺȶ, ҲʵۺϲСʱ飬Ҳĸ, ү, ǰǸŮӣСʹϻޱȣҪ̺ü飬ȴһͻᡣ漴˵ĿҵСʱϲ飬رϲġСļʶǳ, һŮ̫۲һ£һ֪âѷȥ, ǸΣСĵ뻤һ, Ҫ˲ǣ
Сֻÿϧ, ϻѵãŲжĹ, ƫƫǸŮӡ
Һ軵ˣһֱȵ, Щ, ʱûи, ¶ൣ
Ժии, Ϊֺȶ, ʵһ, ȥ, ȴΪŮ·
ĪҪ, ޾ϲĴϻ۹޵ĻʳӸҪһĸסԺֺ˸衣
ֺȫˣһʱ̲סݺᣬȴס˵˵Сľ޺ˡ
ϣѾˣ˯һ֮ǰĶۣʱίı죬Ҫ޲޵ģ
СˣʱĲУѺӱ˻Ͳ˵ĺߺģһֱꡣ
ˡ׶ӵգǵƤ˭ѶǶģ˰ɣ´οɲˣ
ͺ֪˵꣬ȥקѣһƢģɰѺϸϡˡ
ĸ˽ⳡЦ˵ƢǲССʱ񡣡
ǰ˵Сʱй
Ǳվ֮֮ǰǵƤĲˡ
Сʱ̲סЦ˵ˣһͿʼżˡ
һֱźӣ֪뱧ӣ˵㱧ͣҸ첲ˡ
ϾĶˣǻʳӣĲˣһʱЩֱӰѺӷŵ˺ϵĻˤźӣæʧĽˡ
ͱͬĺҪҲܳҲ֮ʣһͺۣ˼ҶϲֺĺӣϱĶҪˣһŮȴƫƫһֱûкӣò˺ӣּֿɰȻǻϲĲС
ͣĸָź˵
֪ҲҺô˵Լʱ;ůĲУ˵ͣĸѽ㳤ĿÿһǸԺӡ
ܸ˵̬жϣĸᣬϸЦģ֪ںʱѿЦĲС
ϣѾЦѽûס͵վһס
***
ϷڱԺס˺ϵİæ˲٣ǰΪģȻˣҲʮۣǽĸȻǷĵġ
Ϸÿ˵ǴϳԹţʹȥ棬ͱϲ棬˵Ĳˣʱ򻹻ں߲ݴë̺ſɫ
üȴ˺ӣֱЦãȴһԣ˵˵ˣҲ̫ˣҸ㻹ģֵǺúð˼ڱϣõôһӣôУҲΣѰռﶼǽӱǣ
һû˵ǻʵ۵ĻʳӣãҪ빬ȥΣ빬ҲǷһֱĵ飬ʱô죿
ֻһӣȻ۰ģܲסԻºӣҪǸͿˡ
ڲǱ⻰ˣʵҲϲӣȻҲ˶ȻҪŮˡ
븸ĸͲűҲûټˡ
վ͵ͰӣԴӻʵ۲Ϊһʱ˶̽˰лЩŮʶ
Ժû˵Ҫ죬ȻҲΥֻ˼׵ˣҲϯӡ
ѾļĩȻȣ׼ˣʳȻ棬ԺϲԣϷҲڣȻЩȣ˴ףżճԵҲްˡ
ʮֵʹ졣
ʵ˸磬ȥ̫ҲϴϾ͵ãʵ̫һš
ŵǺܷʢǻʵۺ̫󰮳ԵҲļһɣϣѾгĩˣƬʳĵһ㣬óԵĲС
ʵʵĸղȥ𣿡
̫һЦҳȥӣʵۣ𣿡˵Ժ㣬̫Ѿûˣ˵ʱץӷε롣
Իʵôһʣʱ͸ըˡһ㣬ֱӾͿˡ
ʵҲȻϰΪʮڵĵ˲ˮ̫˵֪ЩˣҲˣųôࣿ˵Ÿֱ̫˸ߴҲǳöϲһֱҪ棬ϴȥʱ˸ë̺²ǿ̧ͷˣ
̫۵ʲôŶþ̧ͷûûصģ
ʵֻû⺢ǰһ֮ǰ̧ͷˣо漴̫˵ĸͲ뿴
붼Ҫ룡
ʵֵԺͳˣΪʲôĸңǲǲϲҪô˵
̫ҪʵЦˣ˵Ϳɻ˵أǱ˵İɣ
ȥȥʵʵ
̫Żʵۡ
ɫѾ쵽ˣүˣʦҲŮˣмλõŮҲڡ
ͲʵˣʵΪʵۻһֱӰһյģȴƫƫȥˣһղܻ˲²⣬Ͼ¹شҲҶ롣
һͨʵˣȥӣԶԶľͿʵ۲һ˻ĳ
ǿ򶨣ȴҵ
Żʵ۹Ѿָ糣ЦŸ̫˵̫
̫Ҳ˵ɣҿɲģǻʳӵġ̫Ų𣬻ʵ۾͸ŹҲһ취ûУҲԸûʵôǰûӡ
ˣĸϣû뵽̫ԹһʱȵĲС
ֻ̫뿴ӣͲԷǿɫζȫľϯҲ̲ס˼ڣ󻹳Ե˻ʵһֱ˵óԵ档
˵ѾûԹʳˣѵóһΣȻʮֵʹ졣


144 
Ȼ̫һֱ, һȫˣڰǰļˣҲǳԵ߰˰ˣȻЩҲ, һ߰˸, һӲ, ٽѾ߷ֲͣҲͼӵ, ̫Եһֱ, ԵôȻҲǺˡ
֮ǰЩζ֮ǰеʱ, ֪飬ֻŶģȻ֪µĻʳ, Ҳˡ
ͻ, üһүֿʼ⺢ͷε, ʱ߹ȥԼСʱյһ洫ı˹ȥ, ˵ѽɣʺϺãԺ, ɼƫ֮ġ
ֲ, ĶӿǺͻʳӲ, үôͲԼӣ
Ǽ;û˵, İ׾ɰ, ཱུ, رǲŪ¾ͻЦĲУʵۡ
Ҫ˵һֱ಻̫󣬾ȻΪ͵İȻȫûиЦǶ͵ʱǾͲͬˣ۰֮ļֱԱˡ
һʱˣ⺢ӿǻʳѽ̫ͻʵ˶ꣿҲпԭʱûʱȵ˼ˡ
̫һֱͣģҹߵʱҲ㲻ᣬڲͷˣˣÿʱͻ
һֱޣ죬ǾӨ飬ŴŵĴ۽£ͽëֳֺڣˮ۾ѺڱʯһƯ۾ʪģԽ͸ƯĲУĲС
̫üζҪѺǿдȥ뷨ǵһôǰ֣ԺͶ֮˽£ҪƼǿɾǲӳˣȻǲġ
ȴ᲻ѽ
ҾһŮô̵ܽúӣ
ǿͿ޵ֿ̫Ժ㽥Щݣ֪׻ˣˣͱ߰ɡ
Ѻӱֻûô̤ʵʵҲ¡ ŵζڲˣͷ˹ؿڣץһƬ½ǣЦ۽ǻ飬ЦȴɰŪˡ
һʱ˶һ˴Ϳ޾;һģⳡ˵⺢ӻ벻ѽ
ӦһʵȴţΪʳӣһݵ ĺ̫顣
⻰Ҳû˵֪˵ƢԣǸǲ֪ʲôдΪصĸᡣ
һҲ˳һ죬˳Ļ˯˹ȥ
Ҳۣ֮ǰ׼˵ٶųˣҪ͡ ̫ǿдߣȻ֪̫ܣϾԺﶼԺˣ⻹ǵĵġ
ѺӰٺȥͻʵۣԺ˵޵ȥ̫ˡԴԺ¶֮ʱҲмӻʵ۵ԳƣҲϰˡ
Ӧõģ̫Ѿܸˡ
Ժûˣ͵͵һڣ˵޻
ǰ͵Ժ㣬ٺԺϲҲعͷ͵͵Ȼǻϲģġ ⻹֮ССܡ
ͷĿԺ뿪Żص˼С
̫￴ҵģᷳ˵ɺͳûи·
һԵָ̫ʵͲҪֻ߻ʴӣ
⻰˵ֿ̫ʼ⶯ȴ˵Ͷãôô׻ϣ
ֵ˵׼ūű¿ϲϡ˵̲ס죬Сȥ̫ȴ˵ԺֻɲҪˡ
̫ˡ
ֹ̫˰֣˵ɣٶʲôãǲͬ빬ġ
ֵû˵Ϊʵ۸պùˣȻ϶⻰ˣǻʵȴνһ㣬ǴݣЩ׼ʵ۵˼ˡ
***
һ춼Ĳɵģҩʱ򣬻ʧָˣֱӰŮˡ
ǲʲôĵ飿
빬ĴɩïϣСȲ裬ïϼϵĺۣһʲʳȫأҪزǡ漴˵еܱȥλүһ˵λүѵɼˡ
жܺúøүùϵҪ֪λүȻŵȴ̫Ϊеֶˡ
֪Ѿˡ
˳Ĭ˰죬ïϵĻֻص˹ʵĲͷ㲻ʻʳӵ飿ֱ˵ˡ
ïϵɫһӾͲÿˡ
ݺݵĺһڲˮİѲ豭£ïĿһһģ˶˵ƢԣʵƢء
ֳչ첻ԵʣٺõƢҲĥûˡ
ʲô취Ҳ֪ʲôñôϲ˵ŮҲֻܼʥգһˣû֪ʵһֱ
⼸ػѵӣҹǸζͲ˵ˡ
ïߣͻŮŽŷҲҵģʮֵķʢǵȴûʲôθڡ
ھͷ¿ӣʵ̫ع𣿡
ûС
ʱͣ˺ȲĶĿŹŮô̵ģ

Լȥܷȥɡ
ǹŮǿſ⣬˳ȥ
δȽʱÿŮ˼ųȥɫҰ׵ģһԸδ빬Ӷҵ˵˵⼸Խˡ
ȥɡδͻȻ˵

δȳȥԾסӻСΪȥ̫밲ͰڹδʱȥҲ·ġ
ʣԾһӣиǸԾһܣҴԾΪ˻ȥϧյͱ˻ȥ
ԭԾǱ˰ͽĶҲʼ⶯Ǵʵ˻ʳ֮󣬾ͽû˹עԾˡ
Ǽ֮Ϊ˱⣬ֱӻ˷أͰԾһ˶˾ʽתԾͻȻͳû˹ܵĺӡ
δԭڹﵹҲϢģΪ̫ۣϸ˿һӾͳ˹ĺˣ˵ЩŮ̫ǵҲûʲôλź˵ˣǵǸܳˣЩŮ̫ǾͻȻͱ㡣
ԾδȵҲû˵ͳĬվţδȼϵ·ˣʵôѣ˵ˣ϶źĹŮûϴѣ̾һ˵øѣ̺ٸȥϰɡ
ԾƺѾĥƽˣҲδһͬȥסδȽ˴ˮԾϴһһֱǸƯɾ֮
δȼ˵á
ֽ˴ţιԾȥ·֣̫һͷһƢȻδȡ
ּδǣԾȻûй̬ܵɫȴʮȻ̲ס࿴ۡ


145 
ʵ̫˹, ·̫ٲҪԹ䣬ʵҪ᲻ûʳӣǻʵһ˵, Ҹҵ·, Ҷ̬Ū̫ҲûƢ˵ʵҪǻӦ, Ҳѵ䣬ǻʵƫƫӲ磬ִ̫ȭȥ޻ϵС
˹ϴ, ̫Ҫҹ
ŷ, ̫ϲ嵭һʳ, ǺƽٲҪһС, һգ֪ǲΪķ, ϵ
ǲˮģʮֵĽθһԱԵùѵˡ
̫̲סţϵЩ£ر, ҲֲðѻʵԵת, ˼ΣҲЩ̲סˡ
, δȹ, δȴʮؾ, ΪҪ̫ȻᴩѣҲһ۵ƺɫ䣬°ɫߵȹźɫɴʮֵĶׯء
̫
̫󿴵δϾ¶ȰЦ˵
δȹص̫Աߵλϣȴʵˣֻռ˰λãʮֵĵ壬̫̲סͷ
ʵۣԴӻع㻹ûɣ̫Цŷ²豭˵ǿǱãһҲʹá
ʵۿ̫ϤʱҲ̬ʲô׵ģ̫Ĵ̫ģ˳Ӿǣһû˵
δϵӣǾ֮𣬲ȡ
һʱ˵⻰ڼδ۹۱ǱǹģҲһʼʱŻʵ۵ķһۣ͹ؾصģ̫ʮֵ⡣
ĸҹˣЪϢɡ
ʵȻԸģ˵˼䳡滰׼ˣ̫Ȼǲ˵ģҲϰԺ㲻䲻ȵģôϾûп۵ģ
Ͻ߰ɣʡĿķ
Ժߺ̫ȥδȣȴ˿ûһȵģ̫͸ϲδȹ֣Ҳ¡
δȣ̲ס̫˵ȥ뿤ʱ򣬿̫߶˼䡣
̫˲죬˵ǰ֪иʳӾˣ֪ԾΪʲôҪ׽
ֲĲ죬˵Լ飬ϻҪ̫Լ͹վһԣʵȴǾôҲǿԾɡ
ͬǳףһ֮δȵ游óλǹĳŮˡ
ôһϵȻ˵ͨˡ
̫£Ҳã׸ƵǽͷݣǶ˼顣
ͦϲδȵģ̫룬Ҳ֮ǰ̫ȴֲϷΣȻɣδȴǳԺգȴ£ʮֵĳס
ʵۻڵϴ֮Ѿ˴տǰۻˣ̫߶ȥƲںʵ۵ĺܣһ̫һʵû취ˡ
ȼʵ۱۾Ӿ׼ˣȻڴʵ۵˵⼸ĸȥ˵һֵԺҲһֱڱԺﲻˣͻڱԺʡ
Ժ֪̫ѾϢ˵뷨ˣҲ̫Ѫأȥˣϴξô죬ʧǵģȻ˵źڹãǱȫȻô¡
ʱסʲô
ȸæ˵ūּ
ʵԥ£˵⹬ͲҪ˵ˡ
Щ֣⻹ǻʵ۵һֱ˵һ̫δȣʱˣ̫ǲġ
˵¶¸ĸ֮ý֮ԣڹҪ̫ģǻʵⶼʺˣҲСˣ̫Ȼأ˻ʵ۵ϲãֻƾԼϲĸӣȻˡ
ǻʵŤĹ̫
ʵã빬ҲǸǻʺ϶ǵ˵ģŤŤĹùѣΪδҲǱˡ
***
ͻʵһ㣬Ϊ̫ĵҲһϾǸӣȻûԺߣ˯һ
ϸʹϴͱϽӹˣĸ˵ֻæǣ￴Żģ
Цãǽ컹£ȾԺ˵ǿóˣǱﻵˣ׼ȥּơ
ԽǶԽճһʼĸ׷ſԼЩˣһҪ޵ģǵźָ˵ͣǿȥ
ųţľɫʱͿһӾĸײڵ飬㵸ġ
ԶԶţ̲סЦͷïϴ׼ˡ
ȻıΣ̫ˣÿԺʱ򶼻ΪʲôԵ٣в˵ģһȥģЩȥˡ
ҲǷһЩҲûԵġ
ֱȥּǣǻĵϾȣΪ֮ǰ浹Ҳܳŵס
ƹ񿴵ĲУæӭӣ˵ˣôˣȥã¶Ҫ˵ء
ܳ߶ˣֻҲЦ˵ǵʲô£
һ˵⻰һߣͻȻֻƺڶԼĿֱ̫ģû취ԡ
תͷһȻ
һѰŻԲİɺۣŷһǴ󲡹һģɫ԰ײ˵ݡ
ҲòΪɫףԵһ㣬Ŷе֣ȺҲǺȺ
˵ʲôܾƺ̫һˡ
˹ܿ˸棬ַˣĪҪţҾֻ˵仰
ƹ֪ĹϵʵˣҪҪλ˳ȥ
Ҫ϶ǲģһĪƺͬˣĿûִַǶһ̹Ȼ
͸˾˰֣˵֮ͥ£ҲΪһŮӡ
⻰Ц¡
ƹ֪˼˵һԣλøպĶԻиʲôʱܿҲʮֵ
վڴڵĴ£طŹ̨ȴҲԶȺǸѵȡĵط
˵ұƷˡ
֪Ժ㲻Ź󣬵û뵽ȻݣֱӴӶƷڸ󳼵Ʒ֥٣²ǽְһˡ
һЦżԳ˵Ǿȡ
ϸҲûκε⣬ĸıô죿֪ӵģԸԼҲϵˡ
󿴵ɻĿ⣬ѵЦһ£Ҳмķµ˵׼ȥݡ
ݣ
ȥκӣǵԼǰһֱκӣʱǱյȥģһȴֻǸСûĳЧԼһҲҪúõ̤̤ʵʵһ
㱣ءϤüۣһϸãͬһӵִ֪վǴˣǷˡ
㡭
ǰ̥һ㣬Ŀ̹ϣУû֮ǰͱˣϡ
ϾޣǰִԲ򣬵ᷳϵ󣬶֪Ӧԡ
Ҳء
ĿȻѸٵתȥ֪תɲǣȦˣֻǺܿߵ棬ȣ̵۾ֱۣסʱָֻǸԭޱ
ү
̰ɡ˵
ѾʰˣŴŶӵ˵úţ˾͸ҼŹȥѵõĴŹġ
ϾЩ֣Դϴδһ֮ͺͻȻһˣҲɫˣȻǲ׽ҲʮֵĿݺơ
һ׼Ÿεģ˵ھӣ·иôһɲǰеġ
ҵǱ߰ٺãٹ
ӵ飬ﻹǼģ˵˵ʲôӾǣҲҪء
뿪˾ǣһεεݣõ治飬ڣһжȡ
ΨһľǰĻ ȻȢϣͺúõĸӡ
ŶԽԽľǣۿĬĬĵͷ
ߺܾòԾǵҲ벻ȻԲˣڻڹˣȻҲпΪ»ʵ۶ݵһϷѣЩνˣôҲûйϵˡ
͸ƹˣӪպܺãѾ԰֮ǰǮˣȥ˺ԺүڽŮˡ
ŶòѾģˣүӸеˣϾûչ˺誣үеź˳ԷļգҲԺˡ


146 
Ȼ֪ʵ˸ʳ, Ȼڲͬˣүӻһ, ҲϲΪҲڡ
ʱһֱûּǣڿԺúõѧˡ
ү, ˼, Ѿ, Щ죬Ц˵, ڼҲ¿, ûĥ, 𣿡
үӺٻ, ˵һ䲻Ͷ, һȴѵ˵һ䣬ҲһӵϹ, װ̶ʮֵĽ, ͬһˣڱ𴦿ֻҪע⼸, ǵҲ˾ҪʮҪ󡣡
⻰ģ˵ľ˵򵥵ĳǼһҪڶɽԱߣúСιļ, Ǽر, Ǽܷ̫, Ҫʮڵ, ҪҪͬڶɽԱը
˵Ĺ⼸ˣ⻹ֻǶʳĵҪʲôַҪ͸ˣʲôֻķַȵ֮ķǳ⻹ûװأÿ˵ʳһ
Ҳ鷳ԽǺõĲȣǻʳĵĹϵֻܴ˵˵ǰо͸ˡ
ʵҲǳҪʦҲǺḶ́ȴԼˣܶҲһξͻ᷸ˣү̲ס̾츳
㵱ǳ뷹ġүӿɫһ٣ޱ˵һˣܳʦˡ
ǵµҲ֮׽𣿡
үӵͷ˵⼸ѧѧɡ
νõǸгҲŵ˼ʵһը㣬õǻƻ㣬ѵɱƶǣ뼸ְƵĹʳģ⣬ɫ͸Եʱ۰׵һ֭һۣζ
Ϊƻʮֵѵãʱõ㣬үӴھϣʮֵģһܺãɱ˼Ѿȥƶˡ
үӳû˵ˣ˵ǡ
һԵï֣ɱζȽϴˮȥζ¶㣬Ц˵үӣǷǲǺ漴ֵҾүȻô̳ܽǷڵĵӣ
үһ࣬⻰Ҳ̲סЦҪЩչԽȣŮҲһˣҲԽԽˡ
ѾͷĨ۲ɣǻˡ
ѷ˽̵ĺãְҽ̵ĺáï˳ֿһ
һʱҶЦԺһӾģּǳ˷ȥƹˣϾ׼ȥˣүʵ㿴ʲôʱѧ
֪ʦ߲Ͼ˵⼸նܹĥŻʵҪ̫ղ̫ϳæƲܿͻ
ĵͷ
ܣʵأ
˵ջء
Ҳû⣬誵һֱЩ򣬲˵˲ٿ࣬Ҳ׽
Ҫȥʱ򣬿ɽҵ߹һӵĻҰ˵ϴ˼ڣүӾ˵ŪһЩȥ
̲סЦ˵ʦôԼң漴϶£˵ɡ
ɽҵȻͷ˵ʵүԼ÷˽ģҲСˣôȥҲ¶үӾҸ˼ңһеҲͷ뵽˷ˡ
ʱŸ˵ķޣҲСˣһǻģ˵˭Ҳȥʡ
Ͼһˣ˵䲻ģܺúõģȱ첲ȵĻͲˡ
֮ǰ
ɽҵ֪˼Ͼ͵ˣʹ˵ǳɹ飬Ǻˣͱϳ˼ţҲǿ
ֻܰƣҲһкʵġ
ɽҵϾ˵ˣү˵ˣţҲϾ¿󣬿ľһԵ֡
ּǣֱӳǼȥˡ
֮ǰæŵҲûãſͿʼӣҲ֪Ŀģûаʱ˯˯Ϊ̫̰棬žԼ˯˹ȥ
̲סЦȵ˼պŵʱ䣬˰ѻҰʰ׼ϳԡ
ŻҰʵˣⶫܳԣ
óء
ŲƤ¶ɫпַǳƯ·ҰķԸҪҪ¡
˿߻
ϾͶˣʱ󼦵ʱΪÿ˿߻Ͼȥ˿߹
Űں̣һͻн;ͿԳˣҲʮּ򵥡
̣ʣµľͽгϵ˳һζֱӻסˣĸĻ̣Եͦˣһ̧ͷͿʱͱ죬ίСҲˣҽ
ˣүˡĸε˵Ҫֵ̫ʵιȥˡ
סͣŰקؿڵϵͲϷſ
ڸͷǶ״̲סЦ;ˡ
Ժʱ򣬿ڵģֺԲϺȲ裬޺ϸӷǶǱͺ棬Ҳ֪ôŪģ;ͷЦĶˡ
Ժ㲻Ծ¶Ц˵ͣôôˣ
ϲĻͷ˵үôˣ
Ժ㱾㼸̫󣬵ǽ컹ûͿδȱ̫˹˸պ·ˡ
ʵǲͷ̫İţֱӳˡ
⻰Ȼ˵ֻÿ˾ˡ
øг˻ҰԺˣŻҺɫĻҰԺ̲סʵʲô
ʦĹʽĶԵģǼϱ߿˸꣬һʱҰǺܶأѵãһЩʦԡ
Ժ㵹ҲûԹһڣŴƤҲʮֵĺóԣҲϲԣһ飬һģȻԹˡ
Ժϲ˵ȥʱ̫ҲһЩɡ
̫ԺͲ뽲ˣҪֿʼ䣬ʵǽܲˡ
˳Թ˷ʹŶӳȥɢɢǰԺ㣬ȴǱˣҲڡ
ԺʼչЦݣŶӣǣֻûôȳʵ
ʱһζ֮ǰȵĲУһת۾͵˶ԺϾɽʱԵñڳ죬ǶʱͱڳˣѩҲµĺʵˡ
Ϳ˸ˣ;ʢѧûܵסһʼֲ̺ݴҲ һת۵ĹͲӰŵüζ١
ԭչ͵ˣĸѾҲˣȴǲˣָˣǿ͵Ѿ߾ʮˡ


147 
ѩµĸĺ, Ѿһ䣬Ͱԭ, ʵٺЩסˡ
͵, ԽԽ, ɴŪһⷿ
ڴµĿͷ߻һһߵķŶӵ, ϾҪˣһ, ϲ켪
һڵ̺ë̺һ«έϯ, ë̺, ˵Ҳ䡣
ʵ̫ö, һβ, ͷһ, ɰۻ, Ͼͽ˰ͻĵط, ЩĶ, ֮ĶѾˣڿЩȫްԡ
˽ʱͿĳΪЦ, ˵, , ʡ˵ӡ
һԸȴи̣Ҳ̫ˣԼ˼ӣҲû⻰Ȼý
˵ˣ
˿ͷϣ۸պͣЦʵ ͣ㻹ǵ𣿡
;ͶŹ˰죬˳ԼЦҲЦѾϳİֿɰٽ¶ĳЦɰ
ĶˣҪԼմϻЩҪһ
˶˲ˮԼͱͻû湻ʵһͲˣŤҪµء
˿ģʵΣ˵ôô̰棿
Ц̰ĺӲŴſǡ漴˵㲻֪ϴСʱҲر̰档
˵𣿡ЩԾˣΪһֱ̤ʵأû뵽СʱȻҲ
ѽ
ͷ˵ϣ͸˵ļһת۾˲ȥＸѾӽһҲҷɡ
˵һл˾˵ϴβ˵ʦŮһֱûкʵѡϴҵһԶݣҲģҲ飬ͻȻʣû˿֧ͷ;רӪΪ˳ס
û뵽˾Ȼǵõ£Ҳ͸һ£ǻǼǰиж˵л˻ǹţȻ˵ʣӦôˣҪԼʱһ棿
е飬Ϊ˵ģûǸˣŷı Ҳˡ
ŹߺʰһȥּǣԴӳʦ֮ͲȥˣżҲȥһȻ󿴿ҵæĻͰȥһˣҲС
˵͸˵£˵һں̣漴ܲζȦүƢãʵǺˣ˵Ǻѽ㿴ŰŰɡ
ʵõ˼𣿡Ͼ誵Ļ£ͷ鵹ҲˣǶޣٲԸԸˡ
ɫһ˵ôõĻ»Ҫ룿ߵë
֪Ȼ˵ʵﻹǺ誵ģ˵ʦɲǶϷҶŮͶ̥ãǺúʰɡ
һҲû˵֪ȥˡ
ҰʱԼ󣬾ڳĺҶ࿴һѺΣҲʮֵľˡ
***
⼸̫ܾĿۣ̫һֱãرǵ˶ﲻ۵ģҽҲȻ˾ʹ־㡣
̫͵϶⼸ղģˡ
δȵ游ǺУȻڳǰδȵĸףĸײ֮󣬶游չδȣŪĿȾģҲǼΪϣҶԷѧкܸߵ裬һʼֻ̫£ȴû뵽δ˵ͷͷǵ
̫δǸʵѡѣദĿʼϲ٣Ĺ
ҪδҲŷ𣬶ŵĺܳģ̫ܻϲ
˵һδȾ˵˵Ҷµ飬СŮȥ̫
̫ȻûвӦʵģ˵ȥȥñȥ
δܸоʵ۶ԼĲϲϾ˵̫ĪҪˣСŮܲ𡣡ֵ˵ʣ󣬲ʡ
˼ЩЩҪԵǿ
̫һӾͶסˣܶ˶ͼ˵˻ַʽȥδȣĿ⵱峺Ȫˮһ㣬ֺ̫Լ̫ˡ
ġ
ȥҶһգʣȥֻһֱͷԵʲߣȥʣ˵Ը⣬Щ֡
˺Ҷ£˵ǲ٣Ѿ᷿ի誽ȥʱ򿴵վһˣһոµļӣһΪ˼ģܿжЩн
ҵϾӭ˵ַˣλɣ˵ȥ誣ĵʮɫ׾ʹ㣬ǳ鵹Ҳûʲô⣬ĵͷ
ʵ̴ĺϾǻʳӵĸף˵û취빬ģǻʳȴǿԣʵüѣʳǶôѵȻԶֻҪ£Ϲϵȴֲ̫׽ǡķִˡ
֮ǰĲΣһˡ
ǸȻҲģ調˰죬һֱЦݣԼӳĸǸʵͽģҲڣǣȴĸߴٶžʮֵĳȡ
ͷҲ̧Ͼ฾ˣͷ˵Сļλˡ
࿴ˣ£Ҳú⣬˵ò˵ʮֵĵǶԣҶģҲܷ򳪸ˡ
Цʵ˵ǼҲʳģ
Ǽ汲ʼζҲȥǵչˣһֱάϵڣС˵ַҲ˵ĴˣλʦҲˣҲһȣС׼ס˵ǫѷָ߿˼֡
ﻹиã
ǣѾ£ͳˡ
ֻиţڷܿϸɣԺԽԽ ȲϲȴǱˡ
һ࿴Ҷʮֵ⣬¼ҪһˣҪ誵˼ҲͿʼģ͵ͷһ仰û˵ˡ
һоիȻŮȥһߣֻʣŮˡ
Ҷµիֻ˵Գԣζ̸ϡ
Թ׼Իȥˡ
˭֪ոճžͿҶģ˶ſʵүƾʲôǻȥ
һȥʲô£ïǸģϾʳȥ˵ˣ˵˼ϸҪһĲ鿴˭ȥ
֪˼ϸ˵ˣһʱĵĵţ˶Ըص᷿ȥǱϸˣôĶվԺѵİš
֪̲סüҲ޿κΣذ£ǹʥŨʱԽʱԽҪ̵ס½׽סѱ
һȾ͵ȵϣֿʼѩֻص᷿˭֪̿ˣ׹˵׼ȥģͻȻ飬мˣֲֻ᷿濾ֻȽǡ
ҲûзƢҪ˵ʲôûˣϾЩڷĵطûУû̿ţҪˡ
û᷿̿Ҳĺܣï䷢ĲУüҪԼĴֹˡ
㶳ˣ˭չңⲻǸң
ʱһСѾߣỴ̈ïһȻȽ˵ĲУ˵лѽף㲻ã
СѾ˵ǿġ
ǿǣ
žӽů˵ǹλι
У˶ַȥ˵λ᷿ĵӸ˵գճï˵˵۾ͻȻһϾˡ
ֺ˰ĵӣ˸¯ӣ˵ˣ̴ľѽ
ʹ˵Ƕӣ㡣
֣
ⲻǻңѵһ˲ɣ
ϣҿɲŲǣУհɡʹĶҿˣֱ߳š
һֱƹȴż룬ŮЩõŮӣе̬ͱǰ
һ̣ȴ¶ϵЦ
һʱһӾůŻڻָ˾ָڼż˵㿴ιǱ߻ȱ𣿶ȥɣϾôˡ
ïͿŲżˡ
Ϊ¯ӣҲˣֹ˰ʱ׽˼ϸԭǲĵ
ҸԻȥʱ򿴵һŮӳ΢΢ף漴ˡ
ï˷ֹܵˣǸŮӾι
û뵽δģؾȻƯԴ壬Ŀȴʮֵ͸ůʱֺø
ȥ·ϣԺ㣬ΪԺ㻹һƢ


148 
ôһ, ȥѲϸ˾ͱ˺˹Ķҹһ멶, ֻż޵Ĺ۹ڵ, ˵, £΢Ӽ, ˡ ˵⻰Ҳ͵ͷ⹦鵽վڻʵԱߵ, ￩һµġ
ʵô죬ʹҪѲ飬Ҳǰ˰ٺ, һǸСʱ, ڲҼϸı޹յ
ǽָʹսƽȻǺĺ, ȴɪɪ, һ仰˵, , ˵ʵʮֿλ, ȻǲСˡ
Ǹں, ߵ·ǡÿһĻƽʱݵ˾Ȼ㹧˳ʱͽԼûжʲô  Ȼ֪ʵۺܳ谮, û, ˼ʱȥ㼱ˡ
֮, Ժ㲻ѡ˸˹ȥİΣսһֱ˿ҲСˡ
⵱Ȼ󻰣Ϊ¾е˼ڻʵеķһʱ˶ʼͽűƽʱһİЦãȥʻʵۡ
ԺڶŪӣžŸµѾʼԾԾ׼·ˣԺʮֵĳԾһԵĺ˵үֶӼҵǾŸ¿ʼ·ˣߵ̫ɲãȻģ֧ŲסǺӳȶġ
ȺòײһԵָҲ͵
߽һѵİԺ״ʵʲô
ӹƣǹ˴˵ļҵİӰ˵İԽԽǾˣǰЩ붼ˣȴǰͰ͵Ůǻʵ۵ľˡ
ԹԣҪǰ˸˵ŮԺ˻ʵۣ붼顣
Ժ㣬үЩҪô죿
ԺڷôöӲҪվ⺢ʵǺöƤһͷԼֱۻλƵվϵĻּǵ֮ǰҲ˵̫·ã͸ȥ
ǵͲˣһҪ޵ģ־ǿվԺ㿴ı飬ЩΪ˶Ӻãָȥ
һ߻ͷ˵ºңǣǲǡ
ǰΪûӦ꣬ܶʱҶᷳǶΪ˸Եķ棬ֲòһ𣬶ÿܻ˵˿ܱˣҪúõı֣Ƕҵ
ԺȴǱˣֻԼ˾ˡȻΪλȨأΪ⳯Ϊ֮ˣԼۣϾ̫ʩѹԺ㻹ǶסˣѺ±˻
Ժΰ͸ȥͿˣּĸˣ̲סץĸ첲
ôˣȥͣ;ͰĻίĿţ˰죬ҲΪãްȥˮɻòã
ȴӹ˲ٵˮɻǿĽʱʮֵƯһʼߺĿޣȿˣʱˣĿתĶſ
ǲǺܺÿ
Ͱͷ˵ϣҪҲǱˣ⺢ӿǳԺ˹Ŷ棬ȴһģԺӣͶһɫϡˮɻƣݸ͡
Ծүժá
ȴ棬Ժ̲סЦ˵һֻˮɻѵժˣ
û˵Ϳ˷ܵȥժģüһת۵Ĺץֻ
ĿԺ㣬˵˲еġ
Ժ¶ȻɫҲԺס֣˵̾ˡ
ժ˻ֲĸ𱸵ʮֵĸˣϣʱ;ϲǸģ
ЦָԺһ䣬ΪƲסǻѾϡˣԺţĿﻹ
ԶԶĿţ̲סţѽ
һת۾͵˴꣬׼Ժ㰮ԻҰҲ˲٣Ժ̫ԡ
ЩһЩõĶ誺ĵĻ¶·ݣɰүӸ˻ˣҲ誸ˡ
Ȼ֪ļвȻ֮ǰ˵ʲôﲻǿݵģʵǼİֺţǹ͵ĻƾͶʮˡ
Ц˵Ҳ̫ǫˣ˵ʵϣĽ˺üΣ֪ԭĹȷʵǲۣʮģľഺȻҲ굽ʮûȢϱ
課ޣϾԼʦŮүҲҶǲ˲ٶ
һж˳һͻȻ
誴ӽ˱ԺʼһֱĬֱ˿޵ӣһЩ޼ģԿӵģȻ֪ЩĿʮֵĳԾżվ˵ˣһֱ˵Ҳ֪ôڣʵжӡ
˵иӣ
ס˵̲סȦ漴˵ˣҶԲ
ʲô飿
誼Ȼ˾Ѿö˵ˣ˵˾ҹ˵˾Ҫˡ
һֱ֪誹ô򵥣ʱͻȻһЩ죬ΪĽ˶誣Ȼһֱܱ֣ԼС֮ĶȾ֮ԼԤоȻǶԵģǸһڻҩˣͿŪּǣٵ˷˺ּǾ͵ڻٵ游Ѫһٶá
ɫأǺΪʲôû
Ƕ̫ˣһֱΪ游ǰһλ֣ͷ˼ӣÿ꺮ůģʱԷƢȻ˵Ŀ𳤣ǵ˷ͻϲ㣬ǵСʱϲˡ
֪Ҳܿ誣֮ǰȷʵǲãѪô֣ôֵ飬ǵŻڹֻ׵ȥԭ£νϹͷŽž˼ɡ
ҩЩأǱϾ޹ģҷҲܺã˺ƣÿ˶Ϳģ游Ҽ鲻ĲȣҲ͵͵д˾ϸңҷȥϰʵ
˺úвңЩΪѣ ˵̧ͷЦЦżҺ͸м˻ʳӣ˾Ҳˣ˻ҲٽǺ֪ǡ
û뵽ԼƤȻ飬˵ûͣǲǾ͡
ᣡҿ϶ģ調ź¶ΪҿԵģʱҶʵǲоͺͬھ
ǡɫԻ˵ʵȻʵһֱȥںҲҸڴ
̹ף˵һֱǵֵĵߣƶ񲻹һ֮䣬סˣǲ˺ˡ
調޵ˣҰɡ
ǸǲǽǮ
誾ȣ̲ס˵ˣô֪ģ
˼ȥҲǸйڣ˭漴еĲ豭˵Ϊҵ»ʳӣǲңϨ˺˵ͷֻǸѰأ¶׳˳˲˵Һʦĸ飬ֱ
Ŀ･⡣ĶأһֱûԴӵĸףԺӾ͸ϲǱ˵ļҵĺӣŷ˲ҵ飬ֻûչˣ£žĸ֮ͬˡ
調޿˵ҲҴһֱͷ漴䲻硣
֪誵˼֮ǰ˵飬ûкӣһӣ˭Ը˵Ķӣ
˵ûн٣ǿ;֪ҲûпֻǷԸȥ֮һҪү̹ףϾͰѺӱһֱ棿
誾ûкѾʮˣǲǻܴһ㣬Ͳ˲ᣬ˵ģʵζѺӱͻȥ游̹ס
誸̹һУ֮ͰѶӱ˻үӵķӦҲ֮ڣȻԭŮн٣ⲻǣ߲Դǣֻ˵һԲס㣬ĿһҪǿǵһĸԼͽ˵
ڻȻǲˣȻͼ˵ңǱĬĬģĸķӦǸ˵ҶӿûȢӵģ֮ǰ޹¾ˣλܰǼӣ
˵ҪǰѶңҲԸ̸׮¡
ȻǲԸģ˵ʲôҪԸԼĺӣ⵹߿˼֣Ȼ誼Ҫ;ĵزҲͽͻˡ
Ǯ³Ȼ˵ֻǸԺ˵˿ͷԺоɱ⣬ǮұˣһһԭǮǷ˲ٵ飬ʹ¶ıƺȡ˾¥Ͳ˵ˣǣųü׮
ǮұϾҵ˲ٹϵҲû򶯲ӵĽ½ˣЦ˵һ䣬֪ǮҶ˭úȥ˵ɣԼ;סˡ
˵˺½ʮֵΪῴԼıϣôǮһ⻰һӾͰˣȥ֮һǮȻıӵλ˻ʳӵϣͷţԹԣ˵ϴȥ참ΪǺҶ£ǡϾںҶ˼ʱʵ۾ȥ˲˵ĹѪͷҪ֪ʵһֱܿλ˵ġ
ʱҾףȻλϲ빬ȴʥʢ
ӣǸûлͷ·ˣ˻ȥ֮ҹ˰˸Ǯң֮ͳƲˣȷͷڳ
***
ʱһζһת۾͹ȥꡣ
ЩһֱûҲˣȥھ¿ҲˣͿּǵԱߣҲǸүԲԸ°Ҳ˷
ȻΪҪӣϻʵʱסȻûôգ誡
Դ̹һ֮Ǯֳ׿ˣ誾ͺǱһˣ˵ˣҲˣҲù
Ȼ츳ϲŬϴСĿȾģǲͬҲҲĻָյĻԻ͡
ȻǸˣҲ˵ǿԳ׽ˡ
ָʵ۵˸С࣬꣬СؽҲˣ͸öԸͬشС񾲹ɣʮֵۡ
СʱƤסŻ˾͸˲ˣһȦһͣһʾ˵ȥ׽ˡ
ǲȥߣ׽ʲô㣿
ȣ֮ǰ¹꣬ݵؾͱˮ;˺üȦԻΪ׽㣬ʵ˶ó͡
ٲҪ㡣Ǵ᲻á
ֻ⺢ʵ̫ˣˮ¶ǰջԼȥ͵ӣҳԣҪǶװһѵӣңѹˣȾĵǣֲˡ
͵ĺǳϵСӣˣиǲֵӣ꣬͹µ༸飬üһһ𣬷õһ㣬Խĵˡ
Ҳ֣Ӷʹ󣬵ǶȴƴӵģȻĳ̶ֳ˵ȻҪģܿӲΪ͵ݣϲġ
ü˶һվʱ򻹰Ժûٴģ㣬ʱ򣬼˻ǹͬˣ˿Цá
Ժд͵͵ĸ˵⺢˲ãСС;ƵסġȻǴ򣬵ȴȫǽ
Ҳ룬Ժ⻰ζѾˡ
ԺһֱһģСԺǰĲУȻҲŮΪ겡ţԺûܹ׵Ȥ
Ư۾׾ԲΨһüëŨܶޣԳӢ
Ժ˵޵Ůһܳŵġ
ʵغܰҲԺǰһֱŶӣ񻻳˱ŮһλԼĲϡ
ǰ˶ŻˣԺȴνһ㣬˵޵ĹȻܵ𡣡
÷᲻ô򣬾ͽվԺ﷣վԼѼ濴ף⼸ʼ׫дԼ˵ĵã¼
ذһһֽͿŮӰдһʳףͷһؾȻܽػ
ܽػ
عɵĵͷ·վĸ磬˵Ҳɹͷϡ˵۰Ͱ͵Ŀһ˫ˮһıʯȫǿ
춥סˣӵǺ˵ˣҪվ
عɵӦһͷ
һȥ飬Ҫ벻һ˵˰ȴûҵïȴ͵͵ܹ˵ˣС㡣
һ㶣ʹӴ⿴سһŽŸιˮ
ȶŨܣϣĿĺӣЦʱ¶ĻĿССĽȻʮֵĸˡ
̲ס¶һЦ


149 
ļ, һӶϲ棬ֱӼ˲ˣͷһЩǴһĺ, С, ѧÿӲ, в, еֵ
;Ķ࣬Сͻ飬־Ҳǿӵõȵ, ˿ڴˡ
ؼ˼ζûԵֻܵͷˮ, һԵïЩˣ˵, , С㻹Сūιɡ
ؾ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ, ȴϸ˵Լԣʡıַſڣʲôˡ
ïҲ˵, Ȼƣ˵һ
ͨԺ, ȥӭ, ԺսžͿ, Ц˵, αعˡ
Щ˸ɶӣǸɶТ˳˲٣۴ϣǶԲģǻʵΪõ̫ˣЩǿŻʵۺһߵյģǼȻᡣ
︹̵ţãôһ㹦ôˣ
үôôԸȥ׼Ժķˣ˵ţղ֪үˣҪܹҾźǻСȰѷˡ
ţԺ㲻λӵĸףǵĻʵۣӿԲȥӭӸףΪʵۣȻҪӭӵġ
Ȼʵ۸Ͳ⡣
ȻԺ˵öԣǳӵʱ򡣡
̲סţǲͬ˲ͬʲôʵ۶úá
һȥԺߵſԺȴͻȻͣס˽Ų֣ſ˹ȥʱһ㶣ԭһһڵιس棬ԼԵʱ죬ι˾ͳԾˡ
кüͰеص°ϣҲ͵ͷԣһһĵǺòܰ
ЩΣ˵ϲ¹ˣȥȦ ؾ͵͵ĸιˮ͵֪ˣιԡ
Ժһ˫Ůôôϲ۾ἸҪ˵Ǻ¡Ҳ̵ĺá
Ѽ㴿֮飬ԺʵǺܿнģǸĸˡ
ȿԺ㣬ԺΪ۳裬Ȼ׽ףԺ̲ס
ԺĶˣӦһ˹ȥŮһ̧ͷͦصģһС˵ģǻ۰Ͱ͵ĿԺ㣬ǿװ򶨵ģȿɰЩۡ
Ժһֱ첲͵ͷ¶Ц
ԺһԺͻЦģò֡
Ժ͹ΣѾʼѧ־ˣѰ˼һɣǹﶼͿʼѧˡ
ԺܴǹĿûģ˼סˣԺ㿴¶˼ɫϣ˰Ŷ˵øҸʦˡ
ҹŴ˯ϸ⴫ܽԺΪķɣһȴѵý壬ϸ۲ķӦ
ү룿
ͻ빬ȽϺʡ
û˵ͿͻȻתͷԺ㼱еȥȻᣬžģˮβմȾ̳Ľëϣ֧Ųס˳ŻĽľ̵ˮǱʧʹ޻Ҫʹ
𼱣һû˵ꡣ
Ժ޴ģһӾ˽Ļ§ĲԺֻо϶ȵģȻˮ
빬ɡ
Ժ㻹ΪһӣϾǺһӣҲѾõĻʳӣҲ֪Ͷ˵ҲǶôҪĴڣҲӡ

ԺҲȫ޴㣬ȻһֱûûֵĴţ̫һֱɿڣҲĶ෴ԣǿһУĽĴѣ˵˵ҥԻЩʿǸķվԼԣϹݣһǧ
빬֮󣬰ĴϻۻȻ֮ǰļӶȥŴϿ֮Ϳĸƾӹ빬ʱͻ࣬Ҳ˳Ķࡣ
û뵽Ȼôͬˣ
ã
ã
ԺȥۿģѾˣĿᶨʮľģҲ˼ˣҲǣͨ͸ϻۣôû
ҲܳİʯҶǿĻʳӡ
⻰ʱԺĿ¶ʹҪ˵ʲôȴסԺ˵Դ˵֪Լ˵ҲģһֱĬ
Ȼûˡ
һҹעѰģ֪ҪعȥԺȡʱѾ֪ˡ
Ժ£ȴΪ˴룬һҹ˭֪ӦĲĸ׵Ķ͡
ڳţϲڶİӣ⣬ĩڶɰӣһҲͼСƤ㣬еĵط͸ڶ֭һʮֵĺóԡ
ֹͰԣأԺҲԡ
˰һϵŨС࣬ڵڵϣʮֵĺóˡ
һĸСӣ˰Ѿˣƨ˵ϲĵˡ
ط˰ľų˰ӣΪÿӲֱӰԣԵ춼ͣǻմһĩΪǱĿ壬ԲԲģʮֵĿɰ
˸ĻϾ͸͵Ҳϲԣ
˵ȥԺ㣬ŪԺһӾ̲סЦԭʳ޲ģǺַļ䣬ҲʮֵܰҲͲǿˡ
ǺھҪأԼĬĳԷ˭֪ƨǡ  ӵʾ£Ц˵óԣķҶԲ¡
ͺ֪Ժʱסڹ¶̫࣬Ӳʣʱʮ²ܼ
Ҳûǵݣ֪ԼʳӸŽķţڱԺϲôǽ̫ӣǻƬͨĺӣͯǡ
˺ΪүһŮŮǷֿűֵģȻͳ˴С㡣
һ˫ɿɰĶŮȥԺ㣬ֻ޺ˡ
ţ׿ԺͰʹ鷿ȻǸ̸빬顣
§ظ죬֮ǰԵ壬ϸĲɾĨƵõ֬࣬صǸŮңõζǸˣЦ˵ϲζϵζһҪЦţ͵飬Ц
ʱܳʵΪʲôҪһ빬أأ
תͷͣû뵽͵ķӦô£˵ҺڱԺȥ飬Ȼܸȥ
òȥҾͲȥ


150 
˭û뵽͵ķӦôҡ
ĺ, ֱӰԼʳᣬһֱſ, ˵㲻ԣҲԡ
ûͣ־ʳķʽûй, 廨ӣһһߵķš
ز֪ʲô, ֪粻ˣҲģƽʱϲĺ춹Բȥ, ɵĻʱ¶ǵı, ͺïȥ, صҲȥˣֻǲһʱֻ, 죬Ҫ޲޵, ί˵, , 档
ʹò, Ѻڻͷ, ˵, Щ¶ûͨ, ͨ˾ˡ
˵Ҫȥˡ
Ůҭֻܱס˵ֲǲˣֻȥѡ
ƶǶĵͷɵ˵֪ˣҪѧ¡
ԡؿɰݣµ̬Ķˣ͵ʱûָо̫ãʢÿʱÿ̶ҪŲУû취ʡģҲʱ򣬵һת۾
һ㣬ֹľǾһԣһ˫ЦǹôžҪĳ嶯
Ҳֲö˵ŮСް
㣬Ҫȸ硣
صͷ뵽ͻ̲ס̾
ˣͻǲϵͷּĲУСͳ󣬵ǿһġ
ֶҹĸ˶ϲԵ棬м㣬ϲڶֱϲõڶģǶϲ
ˣԲȵģӿǺã
ּǲϳԣҲòУȴ޿κΣϾһ˶ѡ
ҹɫŨ˯ˣïѺӱ˸ڵķշŵؾˡ
֪εʲôͻȻͿεһûԷˣ᲻ѽ
ʵǰסˣҲãһֱ׽ڸȻõֻ֨ѽһűƿ¶ˡ
ؿͣʹӴ˹ȥ͵ĸ첲Ϳ޿˵磬 
͵һ첻ԷֶСֵġﻹЩŭ⣬Ȼ빬飬ֻãȻ۵ģ׾Ӹòᡣ
߹͵ͷϸֻɫЩ԰ףҲûʲôһʵͨˣ
͵ͷֻǾǿ죬Ȼͷϡ
˵ѵ˹Ͳ𣿡
Ȼǣ
ΪʲôԸ⣿
;ǿվţѾۿתϾǸӣһѾ˼ˣǿŲޡ
᲻ǲǣͣڻóᣬ˵Ҳ᲻㡣
ΪʲôߣȻĺˣ벻ͨ£ʱ̲סĿߵ޵Сͮͮġ
ص˵ΪҪѧ¡
ԣǼеĳУ㲻ѧ㱾ôΪеĶѵҪֻ֪Ժֵӵܲɣ
Ȼǣеʱ򣬶ʱͦ
ҲֻҼ˼ҲҪȥ˽Ӷ顣
ֲǲܻؼң˵ҪȻúġ
Ϊ㸸ǵľ֮˲ͬȻҪܵõĽ̵ҵʦĴ壬ȻҪڹֵһݣʱͿԸһˡ
Ѿ˵ѧˣĸ׾Լһѧ֮ˣĸʧֻǱ죬Ҿ᲻á ķ
˾ͿԻˡıס̲ͣסȦֺγۣĸ׵ģȻҪԼס
ڵͷȴ̲ס
Ҳ̲סᣬ涮£ǳˡ
ؼԼһ˹ģЩʧ䣬Աס˸磬⵹ãֹһֱͣͣС첲ֻ§ס͵ĲЩ
ȴú㣬ĸ׺ðΧţܸУĿ־Ͳᡣ
ˣŰɣ
ΪһûԷֻƬ࣬Ȼˣܿͳһ룬ٳԣҲסˡ
Ⱥȥ˲ͰԵļˣһָԪһ͵͵һֱһ룬ųԡ
ղŲ˸ʱ͵͵һҪԼųԣװûԭ׼͵͵ˡ
룬ղź࣬Ե㵹ҲûʲôҲҲͼСֳַ꣬Եûˣ͵͵վһųŽȥ
һ˯꿪ʼѾִ˯ˣӴ󣬵Ҳûп޹ʱִֵĺ˳
м䣬һһͺء
ػСҲ࣬ղΪﺦ£ڷܿ˯˹ȥ
ȴû˯ţôһᷣء
˵᲻ʲôҲ᲻ѽ
һۿֺˣؿڣ˵Ϊʲô㲻ܸһȥء
֪ô˵Ĭ˰죬˵ûʱأѧ˱£Ϳȥˡ
һúѧﶪҲˣ
ͯܴģҲᣬȴͿ˵ţء
ԺԭҪڱԺҹģ˭֪̫ͻȻַëֻüҴҵĸ˻ȥһȥ죬ųʱѾҶʰˡ
ͨˣ
̧ͷͦصģܰ˵ȥѧʲô벻ͨģ֪ˣǼеĳӣ϶ҪúѧȻ档
ԺٸнģǾýϾ̫µͬʱ־ۣϾ겻ѡ
һ˳ԹţԺӶȥˣʵ֮ǰǻƢôͬˣɲҡ
ҲûţԺǺӵĸףܺõĻǻģȨ֪һһʮĶ˵ˡ
Ժ˰û˵İס˵ȥҲǱ𴦣Ҫ뿪ߵģ˵Ҹ֮ʾС
ôǸ֮ʣҶ
˾ţȴǽһ𣬺ű˴˵һ㡣
͵ǺӣȻ֮ǰ˵ͨˣǵ̲סԺĻһ
Ϊ׻˭֪Ժ˸ᣬҲû˵ʲôʱ;ʵҲǲ֪飬µһ¾ֻһ𣿲ܶһ𣿡
Ժ㿴ſ˵۾Ķӣ˵ܡ
𣿡
ϷԡԺն˵
֮˭˵ʲôʣԺ㻹Ӳĸĳ˸ʮһΡ


151 
ʱúܿ, һת۾͹꣬ѾˣǴСۼɵ, ӵԽĳ, Ҷ˵ԽԽʵСʱ
һȥ̫ʰ̫һտ;ͻ겻, ҪǸ¶û밲Լȥ, ɼ谮
Ͳһģ߻Ծ˵浽һ
Ծ곤꣬ȻΪĴڣûй̵ĿܣҲȥ, ʵ۵Ҳ˵ԭ·ͻصĻ, ͻعˣԾͶ顣
Щʵѡͬ亢, ԾΪ곤Եóж, ѧ, º, ƽʱԵͺܺá
ͺԾߵýԭ򲢷, ȻǶǱȺĸ׷ֿͬĸо
յ˹ſھͿδȣԾʮֵ׺, ˹, ЦŴк, ˵˼䳡滰ͿʼԾġ
ǰڱԺﶼ˹ʼĸ׵ѴҲΪʲôĸײ빬
ǰҲûԹĸףȻ͸ˣֻҪΪ˶
һֱ˵Ҫ󣬵һѡȻǵϾΪ곤ŻʵҲã
⹬ŮˣǲйȫˣܲΪҿ֦ɢҶ⼸һֱź󹬣̸϶ڣҲǲģҲû˻ᷴԡ
һλδˣȻû˵Ҫ̫ϲսӻδȵʱ򣬻ֻԭ򣬵ľͿʼģһ̶벻δȡ
˵̫󣬾ҲδȺ˹˲ͬϾͺصʣ԰ġ˵һʱ򣬾ͻἫΪɡ
ԾһȲڹ仰Ҳǿţ˹ۿ˵͵Ķȥź˵ˣǿʧˣ͹߳۸㣬ҪδȰһѣ˵ûнˡ
һֱ׽˵һδȾ͵ǰտдˣ̫ǰش˵֣ұڳӵ漣
һԵԾ̲סЦ˵̫㡣
δȴдãȻЩۣѾ˼ˣȻû߱ȥֵǲַ˸ɵģҼǵַ˵Ҳܺãмַǡ
֪˶Լĸ϶бģһֱܲƽδȾͺ˲ͬ⹬ȱ׸Ƶˣȴδ㣬һƽģȨȥˣŷԭ
Ȼ˵ԣҶʱְֽձˣдֿɱҺÿˡ
ϲд֣ЩѾСɣЩв֡
һһĵ˵໰
ԾһʼЦţǵ棬Ŀȴǽįûע⵽
̫֪͹ĳӭǻʵĸһ̫󣬾ԼĶҲû㼱еģͣƺͲһˣ۰Ϊ̫ˣҲѧҵϼһͨڣܳǵĿޡ
̫һ۾Ϳ˸δ˵ͣһ㶣漴̲סͷʵӰأһֱرǶԹЩһεһ˫ԼַƵЬӸͣ޲ÿŵ˵Ů첻ãѵˡ
⺢ӾȻδҪã⵹һ¡
ݣ̫§ʸû꣬ʲô֮ģԾֱ簮Ҳ֪Լ뷨еᣬ͵ĳڴҶǿģ˵ǻʳӣݾͱ˸һȣѪ׿ԽҲѰ˲ġ
Ͷ̫е㸴ӣ֪̫ϲϣҪͲԸˣ̫ĸ۰ġ
ƽﵹҲ̫ʲô˵Ե档ʵϴγʣµİ˱ж٣
̫е㲻ˣ빬ģʱ͸빬Բ·̫ҲûоܾϾŵӲǣ
ڰ˱ǻʵ۰ԵģһֱţҲͽģ⸸Ͱڡ
̫ɫЩãҲû˵ʲôҲͲϲԼԸȥ
ʵһӵĺôˣӶˣǺȥ裬һӣɲֺ
һţ;׼Ծȥˣ̫᲻ã§ʵϿɼǵĸš
ȴղݣҪȥԺˡ
̫ɫһӲÿˣȴأѾǰÿӵȻؼˣҲǺεġ
ָ˸ܵܣһ룬ϴμĻѧ˵ĺܣȥˡ
ȣôرˡ
Ͳˣĸ̫϶ȵļˣиˡ˵ʹ̫ѳͷҲصˡ
Ծɫõ̫£Ҳȥƽ˲ٵļʣ͵ĸǲ׵ģ͵ߣ˵ô׿ԽˣҲиԵķա
ߺ̫˰죬δҲ˵̫һ˵ȥôУиѧģǲףҪҸǡ
***
ѧ֮;ѾƼˣʵ۽ȥˣã;Щͷˣ˵ʣȥǣ˵࣬ǵס
ʵһӾԭأΪΣΪȷʵǰûȥˣˮԭ⼸նڸ£ǱָȻǾȵģ˵ʲô
˵֪̫׵һ˵ˡ֪ˣ빬֮;͹ĸ˳ƺʣżʱô
׻Ǹӣʹǰ֣Լĸǰ滹Щزסġ
ʵԭЩȣҲôһҲûƢεҡͷ
ŻʵߣΡĹȻڻƳϵҹݻ磬ԽߣԽǾȼţûǸڣﲻһĹ˶ѡ
ȿʵۻͷ֪ˣȻʵҽ˵޻û˵Ͻ
ãȥԺϣ˵ôûʣȴǲ¶һ֣Ľ˱
ȴ̲סţϻǸϣʵ۹Ȼ벻
һֻͷ˹һ׷͡
ƽ棬ƽǶӵŮȫΨһľһƽƽġ
ƽӺʹӲͬǳİ˸Լһ죬Ĳ⣬Ǳͺôˡ


152 
ï̽, Ϻ͸㣬ƽʱͲˣһ˫ڱʯһĶ, ۰Ͱ͵ĲС
, үôңⶫܲܳԻҪʷˡʵҲټӣӸƯ, ƽҲĺÿ, ֻ, Ҫһ㣬һЩ
ïƽͰ͵, ʵܲס
һ, һƬԣ˵, ǿԳһ飬Ҳܶˡ
ƽѧ˵ֻἸ򵥵Ļͷ˵, á
ƽĳ, һ߸ߵĿˮһߺͲ, ϴ˵, ûи
⼸굽ݵʱ, ״򲻶Ļ, ûָһΪˣΪŻʵȥ档
Ц˵ϲǶ̹һˣӻԼģ͵漴ֵϴλ͸࣬Ҳֳ֪û
ʮ죬ܿʲôεЦ
֣Ҫˣشһʯɴȹܽų͸ƯˣͷϵźɫĻ䣬ü续ģ鶯뷲Сɡ
ûأӦÿˡЦſأĸƽϵʵˣȳ԰ɡ
غһֱʮֵ׺빬֮һڹޣһڼޣӿѰܵĲУڰˡ
ҲҪȸ硣
ƽأæеһϵݹȥ㣬ԡ
̲סЦƽͷ˵ⶼóԣôϲ𣿡
ظ˵ıƽ˺üڣֻ׵ƽЦʮֵĿɰ
˵Цͨ˵ԺͻˣЩ죬̲ס˵ү˵⼸ûջȻ죬ȻǸ˵ģæȥӭ
Ժ͸յſھͿƽǣعһʱ̲סЦἸҪ
ֳˣ
ĸˣԺǿСӣһһͬԺ
һʱԺŮ·ҲԺïļֶ
ǴС࣬࿴һʲôˣ͸Ѿ߸ʲôˣ۰Ͱ͵İԼӸͿ˵ƣġ
ͺ͹ЩͬȻͬҲΣ̬ȴȫǴЦɷ
Ųͣһ޵Ůϴξ˲١
ؾʮֵĸˣ˵Ǹġ
С͸ãûĺòܣ⵹Ҳǳ̬Ͼãƽˣ죬ȥקص䡣
һʼӦиҧʨͷǺûˣƽЩˣվֱм䡣
һ̲סЦͷİѵܱܵ˵𣿡
ƽίĵͷһʱõԱߵԺҲ̲סЦ
ڼסһ죬͸Ÿ빬ԽԽԶıԺĸ׺õѾģӰ̲סƵŵĸʲôʱ빬أ
ʵ;ùرûǹأԵɣ϶ĸܣҲ֪ĸһֱûֵĸŸף
ʣĸʲôʱ빬ѽ
Ժ⼸Ҳһֱı飬ԭ׸֮󣬹̫һɵİ״ϣΪΣֻͻȻ󱻱ᣬʵ𣬵һɵĵλá
ΪֺûʵۣԺʾ£˾ֻ֧ʵۡ
ǳзռ˶̫֣ٲѣһʵʱڱԺסڣ˹ܹЩԥϵ
ŶεĿ⣬ԺҲϲˣˮһ׼ְˡ
ˣ
ģ
ʲôʱƭ㣿
ص˹ʵۺȥ̫ʰδȣ׸̫˵ʲô̫̬ƵƵĵͷ
Щδȵڹʮֵ˳죬̫ĳ谮ǱҪ棬ΪǫѷʮֵԽõ˹ϲ
ǻʵҲᷳ滹ܺ˵ϼ仰
ʹ˲ӣδȳأȥ̫Щ굹ҲųĳʳˣǳԹԣϵûиɫǡ
δȵһֱпϣ˺춹ӣ˵壬ŴַĲһֱܺóԡ
̫˵δ⻰ȴͺͻʵɫ˻
***
һϣֱ˯ǰͶеƲֵģüͷ˯˹ȥڶȥ鷿顣
̫ҵҲ֪ôͺȻһʱھĵģѯʶ
ѡ̫ʱ򣬻ʵۻǷһ˼ѡΪ¸صɰ̫Ҳ빬ڿΣĵӰΡ
ҲǸѰˣѧȻȻǴ´ˡ
ɫЩãĻʳӣǰȴӲΣ£Ϊ޲ֹ
ѯʣͲٷֹס˿˵˵ҳТιĸ빬Ѿδ̷ĸң
һʱţʮֵİ˶֪ʳӵĸǰڸ㿷֮ޣ˺ʱҲֵķзģʱΪһμѻװ֪ܡҲΪ˵ݣԻʵһֱ޷ϡ
ã˰´˳ȥ˵ǻʳ鷿Тʱĸ̲ס
ȻѧȻʿǲûˣǰ׼Ҳ֮ңҲССģҲ
סھǵլïĶ֡
ϻصУžȥ鷿ϵҲȥүҲǾˡ
鷿һصģ̲ס̾˵ǲǻʳӵ飿
εô£
ϵ涼ˣ˵ǻʳТŲТĸ鷿ˡ漴ֵ¡ ô죿
ϵĿżԥβЦһ˵ʱʦֲΥֻȥΡ
ϼпһµģɷ˵һμµʱôߣĿƯž͸Ƕһ󣬴ǵһ빬Щнģ̬ȴǴżְʹݡ
Ƕǰεĳܵϲ
үʱ˵ϿҲǵ֮ѻʳá
⼸Ͳ˵ˣȻһʼԸģʹۣѧһΪڹԭͼлʳӵĽļʶ㣬ĳﻹ֪ӣǳϵģȥƤ  ͬҲǸʦصĺӡ
̫ϲˣϻ۹ңԺȻһλľ
ˣ¾
ϼ¶εЦݣ֪ҪЭˣ˵үˣ
Ϊڻժÿ±µʱҵʦʱ򣬾Ѿˣ˵ºһʦѵҲһѲɣ̲ס˵
ݡ µǹİɣ


153 
Ժ鷿, ̴䳤ϷŲߣһ׷÷໨ףŲ豭, ·, ϸϸƷƷˮϴżַɵɫ
һԵȵû뵽ʳӵ飬β⣬͸һ
ԺȻ֪ƨĻ׻н, ʵǽ˽, ۾Ц⡣
ȴ̲ס, ǰഺڣʵۻὥᷳ, ˲, ǼҲʮֵرǻʳӣϻ׿, ˷һֱ˿ޣ˶֪˻ʳӵĳڣиĻʳ, Ҳ, ڸ˳һ衣
֪, ʳӵ빬, Ժ¾ˡ
Ժ, ˵, ߰ɣȥ̫󡣡
¶ɫŻʵۣһǰһȥſڣ̫˲˹ʵ¶ֲã˵ʲô飬һҪҹ
Ǻܽ飬ʵ۲̫鷿ģȻкҪ顣
δȲ̫̫ıԹĻ̲סսı۰̫侲˽ȥ
ڣ˲ˮ㣬̫Ъһʵ۾Ͱѳϵ۵ݸ̫
̫ɫԽԽֱӰ۶ڵϣȻŭʵۣǷ˲˼ѽȻ׸ҲͬϣҪǸ֣Ժʵͻ˵Ц
ԭ˵ģˣ滹˵ǩ
ʵ԰Ӽ˵ĸⲻ޵⣬Ҳǳǵ뷨㲻Ը⣬ҲͰɣһֱûԣ漴˵͸빬ʱôСû谫Դ󣬾ͶµŲޣĶ飬ѧء
˵̫ͣɫȻ£ÿ̫ǲģһŮݲֶΣĻʵתҪǣʵڳϺʹ֮Ⱦһĸ׵ģȻ̣
ݶǻʵ۵ģдѵŮɻʵѡƫƫȴִһŮˡ
еԹ뵽͵ʱȴǻĲô̡
̫֪ʵҲǻʵ۵ֶΣϾ͵ĸ˵̫ı⣬˵ôһɲǣԥ£Ҳԥôһǽôһԭǲ̫ͬġ
Ҳͬ⡣̫ն˵飬¹سͬ͢¹İһĸ׵ģܹܶӵĻˣ
ʵ֪̫󲻻ô״Ӧģû뵽̫˵˵ҲҪ˵ֱָָ̫ͦһԵδȣ˵󹬿ѾãҲʵǲ񻰣ιͺܺãϻۣʶǶòǹĸѡ
⻰һ˵꣬˵ǻʵۣδҲһСŮɵѽδȻǺ£˵ֱӹ˵ϡ
̫󵱳ȻҲΪϲǾúʣδȾͲͬˣǴδȡ
̫󿴵δȹϾͼʲôȥҪδȷȴǲϣȻǱˣɫףĵ˵ظղŵּܲ
̫ȴôܲˣܵ𣬱ǸŮı࣬˷أǸվڻʵԽܰٹٹ֮ˡ
ֻ̫ԼˣһԵ˵ˣȴδŵĹǺɫףͷҲֻ̧ظСŮ䡭
ʵ̫ʱеӣŭգ⼸쳣Ѿ벻ˣǲԸƫƫΪߵľȻԼĸס
ʵһֱʮֵ˳̫󣬱ϾСǶТģȻҲԹޣʶĻ̫˳ĵģȻ飬û취Эġ
ĸ¾ôˡ
Ƿˣ̫ԾĿŻʵۣǼʵɫ˿ûɶļһʱûĲУԹ޾͸ˣҪʵ
֮ǰ˵ʲôϻóҲˣɶǳǵǩͬģΪʲôԣΪѵǽɷ涨ŮӺܸļޣȻûеģֻΪҪ޵ޣǲģ
ĸѾˣʱ͵ʱͷԣͶѾˣѽ ѾȲȥˣ޲ģôˡ
̫ʵ۰ùǩһʱֻĿᣬͷĿѣģһӾͷŶͷɫǳѿ
˾ɢ̫εĲˣʵȴѾ¶˾ģ̫Щֻ֮ǰųᷴԣΪ׸˵֧֣Ҳסˡ
̫ž˱ʵ˵ˣҪͳˣЩʿУ˻վָʵ۰ɡ
˭֪ƫƫ͵ʦɰĬ£˺̫˴һһʿ̩ɽһ˴˲ɰĬˣ಻ˣӦҲʮּңȴڻʵ۵ѹ£Ϊûͷɲ
̫ͻȻʶʵ۵꣬ȴһֱı£úǰ빬Ǹɰ̫ʱ̫ˣʣ˭֪ʵǴ̡
̫ԽԽߣδȱԹЩǲǶɱ˫ۣͿʲôݣΪֺûʵۣǺڰײ֣һС
δȾţû֮ǰĿ־壬ָƽĴݣ̫Թã˵ûΪǱɱ˫ۣΪȷʵǲϾֻ˻ʳӣعƽ¡
ӣ̫ʱͳĬˣδ˵ʳжڣǿģԾҲǲǻʳӵ빬֮󣬾ȻûбȥСŮȻϲԾǸӣҲò˵ʳӵҲټʳڵĺӡ
ҲãҲãᷳϣǿŻʳӣѵûд⹬ﲻ˭ĺ˭ǹϾΪĹ͡Ҳǿݶϣûз԰ɡ
δ˵Ŀĵģ̫Ȼûȥ˵ֻҪûͲܡ
δȵҪǱǿּأ
̫ҡ뵽ʵ۵ľ˵ҡ
δ˵ˣʵһѷѡȵǸֱȽϺã
ѾȫûƢˣʵֻҪ飬ͺǱһˣĻȳô鶼Ľζ
ͱ˵һţ˵ǰյĳƺţʱʵҪϲ͸֡
ʵѡ˰죬ѡ˸֣˵ɡ
ȶ̲סˣϣⲻ䱦˵λڻʵУ䱦һ㣬Ҳˡ
һֱҲһɶѣû빬أֱӲΪ֮һˡ
ȾãǻʵҪΪʺԾˣϾʵΪıô꣬ɼĿġ
ֵķзģȻǲ˼һ£ϾһŮ뱻ΪȴûķӦ
ɼʵͰźˡ
Ψ̫һֱûʵķ
ʵѾ⣬дʥּ͵˱Ժȥ
Ǹʱڳ²ȣһֱڱдףͼԼĲ׼¼Ҳøʳ
ڸ˵ˣͻȻͿïҴҵܽɫˣˣűµʥּ
ïһֱ֪ԺǻʵۣΪûϻʵڱԺһֱʮֵͣûκεļӣþǻʵۡ
һγȴǺܴΪ̺ܴϾʶҪԡ

154 
ԭϤ·, ͻȻЩİһη֣һͨſڵʯ·Щ
⼸ïûҵʵ, ԼǺÿ, ˵, ϶òķ, ˹, ŷˣū᲻ôС㡣
æظһֱ, öҽïȥչ, һȥ, ï͸С㡣
ïҲ࣬Сʵ, ˣ˵λү¹ĵ, ҲǺᵽλġ
Сï, ̹ȻһЦ, ˵, ڵʲô 漴˵
ʵҪһŮӣⲻһ򵥵飬ʲôţֻǸССĲˣҲѾʮֲˡ
͸Ҳףͻʵ֮ߵ, ԲΪֵԵʡ
ʥּҲʶǻʵһõ̫࣬ͦأƤԶһ߲ʵģʱüЦģ¶ͽ̬֮ǰȫȻͬ
ϣַˣˡ
һʱ˵˼׻˰㰸ʥּ
꣬һʱЩ졣
***
ԺڻرԺ·ϣɫ࣬ʱʱĻᶢ⿴죬֪ʵȾЩ֣ΪǻʵЩŵ̬
һԺǽӵʥּ˰ɣ
Ͼȥˣ϶ѾּˣʵΪʲôַҪֻͻȻ䣬תһ룬ѵʵ۾ⲻã
һŮȻʵۿ֦ɢҶʮֵйǰĳλѾǶˣʵΪʲô᲻
ѵ˵Ϊ
ԽԽǳԾС̽ѯʵַ˵Ҳ֪ںЩ
Ȼʵɫ˻˵˵ǣںЩ˵ĿȫᣬҪ
ǳˣԭʵ׼Ϊ󣬲Ȼʣǣ׸ڣͬԭΪֻһλʺһ֮ĸȻǺͬ
˱ԺڸСιȻв͸ȴϲΪΪ̫ã;ʮֵֿ飬С
ˣүˣ
һͷͿԺ㣬Цݾֹסˣ붪ӣӼι
Ժ滻ѾͿ߽ȻһӾͱסϣ˵үˡ
ԺҲЦˣĸ޷Ŀ飬˵ʰʰ빬ȥɣҸ˸԰ĵطס޵סҲ
ԺãҪ˹ǲԸԼһסĵģʱ䶼ס
˵õĻ빬Ҳ
ԺߺͷԸʰ׼빬ܣ˵һʼסΪΣֻסԽϲԶУɫȻͻʵ۵ֹҲõĻ䣬
ï᲻ã˵ˣԺ󻹿Թ档
еĹ̫ĲƣŽˣΪ˺ǣ۶ôѣ϶Ҫ빬ģҲŲѽҪչ˵ʱ
˵ïϾˣĿڰοˣ˹Ϳռүˣ·Ҳܷˡ
ǰ
͸˵˵ЦЦʰ˼գܿŪˣ빬ӣȴͻȻȼҴҵĹ
Ϊѵɫ֪׵ˣȻ˵ˣֲ̫ˡСĿµ˼æʱסڱԺ
֪鲢ô򵥣ʵ̫ﲻͬ𣿡
ȿ˵ˣū澲˵
֪Լ¶ˣ¶뻹̫ӣΪ˲빬 ⴧ⣬ǾȻǡʱˣҲ̫Զ׼ˡ
ԺҪ빬Ҫ̫Ϊ²ˣҲͺѼˡ
˵ү˵ģʲôʱ빬С
̾˵ū֪ˣһת¡
Ҫߣ˵һЩĩ͸̫ɣûθڣⶫڰϣζܲ塣
ϣģ̫϶ԣū澾ˡȼûΪ̫󷴶Զ˳ʳʱ;ȣǱȲˡ
ï˸ĩȣȽӹֵǲ٣֪һǸʳԤģŵǿĸġ
ⶫһǵһμ
Ц˵ϴܹܲ˲һʱԲ꣬ԭ⣬ǿⷿѾ˲٣ŻԷһʼ׼ģȴֳĩڰϣƽˡֵ̫ζ嵭úаŵһ嵭һ㣬һɫеζ
ַ˷ˡ
Ⱥ˼䣬̫Ĳ飬ͻȥˡ
ڲˮûȾظϣΪ֪ʵ϶żҪŶҪǻʵġ
ߺ󣬴һʱ֪˵Щʲôʮֵѹ֣ȻʧģǺܿ뿪ˣ˰˵¶ĥѶ鵵˰ɡ
üһ˼ʰõҪȥˣҲĥˡ
ïСҲж˵ȴ㲻ðοңүѾ֪ˣݣ빬¼漴˵̫ĿζһԽ󣬿ζӦøزǣ̫ȴǳԲؿڡ
ҲǺ淢ֵģ⼸ΪҲڹûͶȻҲ׼̫Ƿݶһ˵̫ÿγ궼ҪȲٲˮʹԼ֪ζЩˣ嵭һ㣬Ȼ̫⡣
ٺԾͷֿˣ̫Ȼû޹Ҳ߲ܡ
ïҲ빬飬һ˳˵̫֮ǰһֱԵ嵭ɣ
Ҳǣ˵ǰ̫ϲζĲȣͲˡ
ïЩǽϲѧҽҲ˴ˣԼʼ飬ż˿Ƿ纮֮С֢
Ļ˵ˣϴʦҿһҽ飬һǰеļֳ˵һͻȻ˿ζǱ˶
ĪҪ˵⹬˭ܸ̫¶
ï˵˻ˣϾ̫Ҳ˵ˣϾ͵ҲǣūҲôһ˵
ʵڸ̫ιҩ̫ȴϳԣ˵ˣҰ˲ǣϵĺˣ
ĸ󣡡
ʵ۾ֱ̫ȡ֣ǿ̫㲵ݣЩһղһգϴײ̫ȾǰģȫˣŸĽܡ
һʵѹסŭ⣬˵Ѿϻȥˡ
̫ɫŻ˻˵ҷˣ첻УأôӦҰδΪº󣡡
һڸ̫δȣһưϵӶڵϣСŮܲҪΪѱˡ
ò˫ȫʲôܲ𣿡ֶ̫Իʵ˵ǰϲƷвˣǾˣδҲǿˣʲôƷ飬Ҳ䲻㣿
ʵЩδҲǽĸĹۣõټĳȾⲻҪΪǸλϵġ
ĭһӣͳ˲ܸһ롣
̫ûʵۼȻᷳδȣĲᣬǲܾΪʵ۲ΪһŮˣﲻǣ
˭֪ǣʵȴĸϿʱ빬ʺȴ⡣
ʲô⣿ѽҿ뿴ǰ治ǣԭ⼸ĸһֱڱ˴̽׻ĸӣԸ˺濴ŵҲȣʵﲨӿĺܡ
һΣ̫󿴵Ժ취˵˳ϣʱΣΪܵ谭Ȼô׵Ľˣ¶˾ģһҪûʵδΪġ
ĸ󣬶ʲôԴӦ¾ԲСʵ۵
һʱ֮˽֣˭Ҳû뵽ʵ۾Ȼֲ˳̫󻹻ҩڻʵϣʵҲûɶһ֡
ۿ̫ĲԽԽأ̫ҽǶˡ
ʵķĲУȴҲ취̫ҩ˯˹ȥߵԺ׼һѾ²ź˺üգ˶ǳƣ
Ժ￴ֵ̫Ĳ軨ǻҷҲˣ˼֣Ȼ˺洫ŲһͷȻδȡ
δȺҪʸŮӲֻͬҪھͻӣżһҲιҩʱʵ߲ӵĹŮ̫࣬Ҳûʲô
Ҳûʵ۶Ĺ۵ԭ
˵ǱãҪδھﳤҲʮ׺Ĺϵˡ
δϾ͵ͷ˵´Ͼûȹһˮˡ˵ŽйŮˮһԵʯϡ
ʵۻǿˣʯϣˮһڣ¶ȸոպãɼδȵ⣬֪δȲĪ϶£˵ʲôֱ˵ǡ
δȳ£СŮʵǲĿűºΪ鷴Ŀ̫ѡСŮСŮЩ
ʵ۵Ҳδȣ˵㣬Ҳˣǲѡǰλʺ󣬻ʵ۶ҲԹԵġ
δȻǲٻʵǰֻ̫ûԹ˵СŮи뷨֪
ʵ۵ĿͻȻĿţȻǿβںȨƸδȣҲ㲻
δ˵£̧̫ۣСŮСŮим֣Դ游̫֮һֱ缺СŮ治絽α𣬵ȴ򲻿ɡ
û
⹬űãַҲµ˶һŮй֮ˣôҲֲСŮѽСŮεºǸλãδȿЦ
ʵŵͷδȼһ˵½ȥҲǰ취Ҳ̫ҽ˵ˣⲡġ СŮ˵һ䣬̫󶼸һ˵ΣڹãֵЩҲڿҿҵġ
δ˵ȥʵۣüͷȻòף̲ס̾𿴻ʵֻһλ̬ȻΪԺ׼ġ
ʵûɿڣδȻҲҼѯʡ
һ߹Ů֥һʳйˣҩ¯ȴҪϨˣæʳзһԣȥ̿ŪþͿֳ˽
˵ҩ¯ܶģ
һŵĽ͵ŷūֵȴûڣֿ¯ҪϨˣŵ̿ˡ
ֿҩ¯ӣ˭ģ
⻰˵ͿһС̫ܹ޵ùãҸ߿ˣѽҲ֪ģ빬ʼǹ֪֪׵ġ
㲻򼱣ȥѰɣ
⹬į˶ϲһӣС̫ʱʱ߿ɫ࣬Ǹ̫ﰾҩһֽţ㵣
Сִ̫Сϸϵ׺񣬶һ䣬˵ĶԼˣֽܵԺǣҲ̫Сˡ
ĴС̫һƣԼԶݣҲ˵ҰغãҪ˽Ҳ㡣漴ҩڣѰ˰ʱҩˣ°ơ
С̫඼˷СſڣͷŴ̫ȵĺܣС̫ͽȥˣôţѵҪ̫ﲻɣ
ְأȻҲǣɨһۣ˵̫ҩΪ˭
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
꣬˵ˣմ״ʵģҿɲС
ϣ㣬Ҵ˻ɡ
ʵЪһֻң̫˯ɫ㲣־ò̬֮ŲãûüȾԳ׷Ļʵۺᣬ˴رϡ
ͻȻ̫۾
δҩȻͿʵɫ׵ĺˣȥҽδһȥʵۣŴѪӣҲǾĲС
***
ڵȵݵӣӰ̶ںߵͤˣѧ٣Ȼ̸ǲŪ»ǻġ
ЦŽӹⵯһ𣬼ӺֵҲһʱģһгü
˻ʺԺҪĸˡ
ȴѵ㺰һĸû𣿡
Ȼǣôͼ˵
̫ѪʵΣͬδȵ飬˵δȻмֱ£˵̫Ϊ󣬵ҲиҪδΪ
ʵδȵԸδ˵Ҫһֱź̫⵹һТ˳Ļˣ̫ҲףɼҲǸ֪жˣԹ¶ǸĸТ˳ĸͷҪģҲֺʵһֱ̫¡
δ˵⻰ʵ۵Ҳ÷Ͼ̫벻δˡ
¾㶨
סͣͷŰסֻĿȴ˼Ȼ
ʵ۵׻ˡ
ʵﻹǲǶ˵ˣδòᣬȻҲòαȵˣ
˺ܲ⻰Ҹ˵ĸġ
ԭЩϲδȣȴᷳ˭Ȳʾ͸Ǻĸһǡ
ȲҲû˷ԣֵǱȽϺʵѡˡ
˵֮ǲδˡ
̫أʽӼ򣬵Ҳõ˵ͬһ㣬δȵ˵ãⶼ㡣˵żҪŮһֱۿһղһգʹʣʵִģ⼸ûЪΪⱲӾˡ
δȵлʲôǽ£УһֱڿҿҵģҶ̫ﻹǱ£ʮֵͬˮɶѡ
⻰˵ʮϣõӵĸжˣ˵Ժӡ
żϰ˲ʽ͸δĽӡ˾ǽˡ
ʵȥ̫̫ѾˣΣ̫ʵھֵˣ̫ʲôúúллδȲǡֵʺҪչҲ߲δȲŸձ⣬ܸȥǡ
ʵ۵Ȼ̫˼Ҫδȡ
***
ϣ֣ͤԱ߰һǻʵ֮ǰģдãԱдֽݵĺܸߣɼдˡ
ֺïһվţȴï˵²λɣ
̾˵ҪѰ˼ңأҲһû檣޺Ĺӵģƫƫүǵ£ݲͬȻܣȴҲ˵үŮӵĻ
ïʱѹҾүġ
㻹ǲ˽ˣòŮӴβãִżֲ˵
ꡭ ˿ˡ
ïʱˣæչȥ˵ˣǲˣҪҪū澸򣿡
ãˡ
ʲôˣ
ҹɫУŵǰ·һϤˣѰƳۣǿӻƯĻҹɫʣϡܸо˵ͦ˺ͳڵʡ
ү±ȥȻԺ㡣
ԺЦ˵ųճָָͤ˵ô˻֣
ô˵һ͹ˣ
Ժȥͤд˺ü̲סЦôˣдˣȻȥ
־־ί⻹ôһӦҲգҲգЩ⣬Ψʧȥ˴ݡ
ôˣԺԭ٩˼䣬ȦҲ˵ˣ޴óᡣ
ԺӡУһңǵһοʧ̬
ԺĪˣ޾Ҳȥ
˱һ𣬲֪Ժ˵ʲôΪЦһԿŵżïͲžһһԵε˵ҪЪģǱ¸˼ͷҪ·ѹɡ
Ȼû˵Դӿ޺Ժٸ˵ˡ
ʱúܿ죬һת۾͵˰µףȴû＾ˬϻȣȻŽ̶
ѾȥּˣѾĹʱ䣬ЦŶï˵ҲֲŮڣ˺ӵǳ鲻
ï۵˵Ƿʲô¶ҪΪġ
һҲǣȴһĸ׵ģȻҪһˮƽϴСʱѣιдˣ϶ΪæͰе鶼Ƹ͸
ïǲò˵һˮƽЩͬǻСȻ쳳ܣƽȴ޼䡣
ʰ³Űɡ
ʱſɲһ׵飬Ƚ˺ع죬ظ˵һչ˺õܵܵģȥæɡ
ƽʵ᲻ĸףҲϲ㣬Լ棬Ͼ˴˹ȥֺء
ο˺ӵͷͳȥˡ
鶼Ѿ䶨˭û뵽ȻõйλãĲ⣬̫ҲĬˣ̫󻹲ţϻʵģϾһӾͲˣ׼һ빬еʱ
ȥּǣҪ࣬ȣǻĵпѼ棬֮ģҲвٵ͡
ƹЩ굹ԽԽǾ񣬷ָ˸СӣǸ˵زУʱվԵúǹ֮ǰ֪ͻʵ۹ϵǳǻû֣ȴѾĲˡ
ƹҪ򲻹һ֪ģЦ˵ɲˡ
ƹ˵棬飬⻰ҲǲǿֱͦˣСľ͸˾ϸ
˵һƹ˵ˣиһֱڵ
ʲôͣ
Ǻ棬Ÿƹȥ˶¥ż䣬һƿžͿòƸԴϴδ˻æŴӣĴָһֱû棬Ƹܵ⼸ȻǶ˶
ϲǱߵѸɣƸÿ궼Ĺ
ƸЩ֪룬ֻ˴ĻֱӾͲӵ£ֺֺЦүǶˣôƵģ
ǰƸͳףӺҲЩϵǰú˵׮£Ҳǽ˿Цá
˾ʥڵʱΪŮ˾ĺҪ䣬ȻϰѡһŮ˾׵ѡҪҸˣ֮ǰһֱûп۵ģҲȥˣһȴһ۾ͿƸ
ƸòھǻǶû˵ҲòǵĻ
ƸȻϣһٺһȥģҲ֪ôúУʮºһŮӤƸŮҲһεŮ˾
˵Ů˾Ϯƶȡ
ƸһӾͺˣʵ˰һδؾ𣿹˿һֱţҪء
ԼŮƸĿͳǴһᣬˣء
˵Ҳǲǿһ档
˵ǣǳΪ˸Ƹ٩٩̸ԿƸԼŮ⣬ƸȴǸְĸס
úӾˣкõĺ˿ɰһӺ޵̵ĺŻưļǿʮֵĿɿڣ
ķ˾ǲһ̫óˣء
ƸĿˣֱЦãƸϲʳִҲǿŵϷǵõΪ˳һ顣
ǾͶԵ㡣
Ѿˣûأ
̲סЦ˵Ҹƹ˵£ֻҪ˾͸㱸档
ͿƹһĸŮһסˣǰŮӴһϵصİ׳ĳȹϵһӡȾΧȹСһޣʯɵķ
ķȣǳԵʣɫףֽСɫⶼڸǲסԭͬòȻǸټˣ
ŮǣŮͯŮмƣǸǺƸƵòϸµ续üཱུۣ촽һǸӡ
ƸôˣһǺܸ˵ӣǿŮʱȴϴЦ˵Ů
Ůͯ·ſƸĻһͿԿƸƽʮ۰Ůһ˴һʮֵĵǶԡ
***
̫ĲԽԽȵˮҲһ䣬ʵ۾ЩסˣԺѼ棬ѣԲžʮֵĿɿڡ
Զûһ㶼ժ֮ɹơ
ƽҪѣͺ˹һƽһҪĲУһӸ죬һߵ֪ó˰ɣ
ƽίſؿڣһһ̲סЦ
ԺһЦźȲ裬ǳԵܣֱĸ׺£Ҳʱƽͷĸ˺ӡ
һʱֻʣˣ˺֮ôһʱԺأ
ȥǧȥˡ
ƸŮصĺġ
ԺͷģԶ˵ɽлĪĻ㣬ǱԺ
벻Ժ漴Ѳ豭˵ĸѾ´ˣҲԵĺá
ܻ·˵Ҫˡ
ͷԺ˵Ǹ빬ˡ
ţүġȻ˵ĿﻹǴż
Ժס֣˵Ժ󻹿Ի档˵žվ˹ȥһֻס
˳˹ȥ
ĭ꣬ܶ໰ͲҪˡ
ʵ֮ǰѾʼʰˣҲٰѳõضŪһŪˣҺܶණҲȥйĹء
ָʹѾʰͻȻ俴Ժɫ˽˵Ҫϻȥˡ
ʲô£
֪ʲô£ȻԺɫôѿȻԺ˵ĸͻȻΣˡ
ʲô
Ժ㿴ԥôһ˵ȸ빬ȥĸһֱţ㲻Ҳ¶
֪Ժ˼̫Σȥ˻˵壬ǿԺ֣ԾطЩףѣҲϣߡ
ǴȥˣڻָĸڣҲ̫ģ˼õĶ͸Ժ
һ·Ժ㶼û˵ʼսһ𣬽˹ֱ̫סսȥŵŨҩζ̫ԲѵڴϣԱ߻һ̯ʰѪȻֿѪˡ
ʵ۳ʵô£
ʺǿˮ˵ϻúõģ밲ʱĺܣͻȻͿѪˡ
̫ҽü˵ʵۺ˼սս˵£̫һֱͷ ΢ֻš
⻰Ѿˣǰʾ̫ˡ
ʵͻȻŭĿӣûõĶҪǺã˸ϳȥһ٣
һʱ̫קסλ̫ҽߣֱӾ̱ˣȻĹأҲ֪ƽʱҲǶʮӣһٸȥ˾ûˡ
ҽңͻȻͿŶĿ˹ȥ
Ҳϳ£Ǵյʵ۸ǰ˵¡ ̫ԲѣҲǵǣ֮ʣλ̫ҽһֱΣ˽ⲡѽ
ʺĿŻʵã˽飬ٷŭһ˭סģϲ˵ֶΣϾһŮѻʵεץΪûʵۺַ̫򵥣˭֪ȻĴ¡
ѵַʽʾʾԼڲͬʺЦϾҪףܳһ¶ʶһ¶ʲôԲġ
⻰һʱ;ÿͻȻͣʵ۽ӣæ˵£Ҳ̫ƶѡ
ʵȻͷϣҪ𣬵һתͷͿǵĿЩݻһӾ͹סˣһҲ˵һŻ˵˵Ҳûе
ʺһӾ̲סɴ۾һʱֻķģҲĿ˼
̫ͷſλ̫ҽ̫ҽмĲУܿҾûˣΪ̫󷢳΢˹һ˸æΧ£ȥ
λô㣬ȴܶ࣬ʺԭҲչȥǷֻʵѾȥŪûλãһӾ;òζ
Ǳʵȥģԭò̫ʣϾڹʺվڻʵߵŮˣǻʵ۽ָ֣΢΢ķ֪ʵܼʱ򣬶ҪԼܵһ
£Ҫ
û뵽һ빬죬⼸Ժﶼûȥ˾Աߵ᷿Ъһ
̫ĲʱʱʵնûкˣɼĵǣΣǶĸףԹ޹ҲйǵΣʱ̣еһжòҪ
̫ҽΪԵʣӹһڣȻǸмʱҵ˵̫ιҩҲɣܲס
˼ҪŲǣ
ȵҲѽ
֪̫ҽ˵öԣȥһʵ˵£ﰮҵĲˣȥܳһҲǺá
ԺȻͬ⣬˵Ҫͷˡ
ֲۣ
ԺϤȥСҲȥŷСĳӱԼǼ֣ȻȴǱģǼˣΪҪ³˵ģмúãһҪʰ̯ӣ
ȴףϹϴճϣס䣬ʮֵ죬Ƭ̾ͷЩĩף⵶ɲһѽ
Щ°׼㣬ӵϣôֻΪһڵζ֭ʱͻȻʶĸоʵѧɣʦڡ
Ҳˡ
ȻҲˣǳͻȻ¶ɫû֮ǰķܣķԸĸ֡
װ֮ǰ֭һӾζǳӳһڣ̲ס˵ȻҲʮ࣬鴫ֻǡ
ζе㵭ǣ
еȴ̫ԵҪ嵭һЩ
ūһʱˡ
ȥ̫պˣҲǵ˷㣬̫һ㶼ϲŷĲˣСãҲֲǳӲϤζ
̫ϲûʵȥιһʱʺüôñ£
Բ˵Сιɡ
ʵɨۻʺ󣬴ӹ룬˵ȻΪ֮ĸǰҲֻĺӣѵźĸι඼Ҫڼӣ
ʺʱ˵ˣǰģǿͻʵ֮Ĭʵ˵ԼҲˡ
̫˹ʵϾʹ˹ȥ˵ĸȺȵɡ
̫ȻǼվ棬Ҳʶ࣬ҲͲˣҪǲżûгԶʵûˡ
ûθڡ
ʵ۶ĳջŵģʢһ͵̫ǰ̫ܾǵŵζ̲סһڣ㻬ۣڼ̫ʱ˾񣬺°롣
ʵȻ˻ˣź̫࣬һӾ;ˣҲ˼ѪɫҿĿͶ˼͡
̫һ߲죬һȴˮ˵һ㡣
Ŵҳʵ۾Ͱο˵ĸ󲡵ܣڲԣҪǿζԣҲô಻ǣ
ӸղſʼɫͲԣʵۻΪ̫Ļģȴʵ˵£Ҳ֪˵𣬵ȴЩ̫Ѱ
˵̫ǣ
֪ҵģ˵Ŀζϣǲģ̫ȴ˵ˡ  ˵ζֱ䵭ˡ
ʵüϸ룬˵ò֮󣬿ζ䵭嵭Ҳûй
ǻҶˡ
ҲûǶˣϾʱ׸ıζҪǵʱïôһ˵ȥ鿴Ǳҽ飬ȷʵ£Ż
˵һֻصҡ
ںţϾǻʵ۵ĸȻҲ˵ĶԻ̲סţ⻰Ҳ˵Ҫǻ⼸ˣ¿ɾͲⷴӳˡ
ϵǺ˲ͬ
һ۹ȥ˰£̫ĲԽԽأõķӶˣ̫ҽҲ޲ߣʾʵҪźˡ
ҹ̫ѵ۾˯ԱߵĻʺһ¾ˣĸҪˮ𣿡
̫ҡҡͷһԵֶŻʺ˵ȥ
ʺ֪̫лֵ˵Ȼˣȴǲұ¶Ӧһȥ
ʺճͿűֺˣһӾ;ò̫˼͵һġ
ûˣ̫һǿȥˡ
̲סǿˮȴǲ̫ǰޣ̫ҽ˵öˣɲҪ˵˵ҪſȢ޲ǣ
̫һ⻰¶ɫǴ̫ͷ⣬ȻϣԼĲ飬Ȼ˵ˡ漴ָָСõķ˵·ɡ
һ˵
̫ɫһ䣬˵ȥ
ֲ飬ĸŮȥСãƿŽ桭
ʱȥ̫ü˵ˣ
ǡֵͷֻϴż־壬˵˵ ҪˣҪʹᡣ
ң
ּ̫Ϊ̫ԣæǰ౳̫̲ס˾䣬Լǹأһ仰 ŻңȻ˵̬Դżֽš
̫ĵʵͣҪиʲô
˵̫Ҫģ˶ˣʲôˣ
˵ǡ
Ȼô˵ģǵ̫û˯ȣرǵͣ˰ѺӺǰֻпžðࡣ
;Ī̫Ъ˸ڵĲҲڣ񿴵ĸ׾ûκεķա
֮춼ǾĵģǼеĺӣʵҲ̫һЩգȥһ˲ŷġ
ʺʵЩ˹ŮˣĻؼȥϸع棬ǹͻƴӻڱԺϻʵҪ˵ʲôԵСˡ
֮ǰΪʵ۲ϲԭûг谮ȫ̫ͻʵΪ˲ϴ̵̨ģʵǲΡ
ȻܷԣȴûЦģһЩǰԵǣʺ󷽵Ķࡣ
ԽǿԺԽｹ꣬⻹һ뿪ôãڼï빬˵ǵ˵ƽǿ޹Σһ£ӵҲʮֵ
ﻹǵǵĲУĸ׾ʲôʱ򶼻ǣԼĺӡ
˱ԺͿ˺ӳܹһһҵıţֻؿڿĶˡ
ƽԸȽϰѵÿűµء
صû˵ͷһ۽ҲأǾԼǽ㣬ͲӦøŵܵܿޣЩ
صͷ˵ﶼ֪ˣ˵һֱչ˵ܵܣݿ
һӾͱסˣ޵
ƽǣػӣָϲԵĽյʵСԲŴر𰮳ԡ
ƽʱԼ˯ģһȴԼͷ۰Ͱ͵վڴߣĿ˵ܸ˯𣿡
Ķˣ˵ɡ
ظ˵˴һһҵıӣǴЦ˯˹ȥ˺ڣֲǹսսģѵ˯һþ
׼ʰعҲ뿪̫ã̫иһ ڣȷʵǲ̫׵
˭֪ûžͿȺ۾ܹ˵ˣ
Ҫȥȣ۾ﲼѪ˿õģв죬Ҫȵɫֻֿܿȡ
׳ʲô£
Ȳ˵ˣʺˡ
ʲô
һϣ
˵һԾ飬¾ùвȫ̫ﻹд߸ϣһӦõˡ
ס
ʮֵĳԾ⵽ô£
ʱ°ɣʵСҲ
һŻع˵ïѶǸԺʰǵطʺ
ԺһӾæµҪҪ̫סͺͻʵۣԭסĵطҲŪ
ʵȹͨ£ŵи׼ŵʱ֣סѾźˡ
үǣ
Ȱĸϴ
ŷֻʵ۾Ȼֻλ̫ҽ̫ߵֶûֲ
Ͼ죬̫ϴʱ΢һ㣬̫о̫ʵۣ˵ĶţôֶøЩ˴ִ׽ŵģͲźˡ
̫˵Ҳ֮ǰһֱ̫ãһ·ԪǸ˵Ϣ ̫Ųסˡ
ٺ̫Լŵùֺï˹ïҽҲʮֺʣź̫ҡ
ʵ£ô£
Ͼ¹ֲ̫ˣʵԥ¾Ͱȥ˵ˣ̫ȹĲԸѾʲôˣҲþ˵ֻ˵˺ģĸײޣѹ֮͹޵һֱ˳˵Լָʹģɨ๬ˣ͹йǣ˶Ѿ˳ȥȴҲûκε˿ĸⲻǹʣŻ˶ѡ
ĸоŲȥˣȴ˹ǰ˵ Ȼһֱ첻㣬ҽ˵꣬Щоգȵĳˣ޻Ϊûˣ˭֪ͻȻͲˡʵĿȫʹ࣬ϾԼĳŮܲں
ȻҲһĸףŮĸ֮󶼻ͬܣúܿ࣬ο⺢ӻӵͬĸĽ㣬һʱᣬǿǲΪʲô
ʲô鲻
ΪʲôʵͻȻ¶˾İ̫͵˱ԺһϤӶûдʵѾŲκˡ
µľʲô鲻ֱ˿ֻš
̲סס˻ʵ۵֣ʵɫ΢һЩ˵ҪˣĸҩҪԿż
·İɡ
ʵһͰ˻ıס˵ٳˡ
ġ
ʵ۰еĶһ飬ҩĶǹģλ̫ҽǹںԺֻʱܳҲǿ಻ԡ
Żʵ㻳̫ҽҪˣȻʱͿмҴҵĹЦŶ˵ˣСóĸƣƫƫҪҸ̫￴
׻ʵ۵뷨̫ĲҲǰӣʲôɵȻҲˣҩһ̲Ϊ˵ҽͨģֻŲˣֻҪҩЩҩûв׾ˡΪܼҩ֮࣬˱˻Ҫ׼ȷĿ;飬Ǹʵѡ漴ѹе鶼˵ˣȻ˹飬ֻ˵ʵۻ¶Ҳ
ģһ۵ĶšϴģͿٽ˷˼飬¶Ҳʲô˳Ծˣʮֵĳȣ֤˵
ʵ࣬Ҫ̫ҩ飬Ҫָ̫ʳȻûչӣͻˣ˻ܵ棬ϸĸڣǶˣҲǰһֱš
ʱڳﰾ࣬Ϊ̫òҪһЩ׿˻ʳȻõġ
Ƭ࣬õǹ㣬ʵٴ̣ȶ̲ʺϾò֮ˡ
̫ڷƢ˵ⶼʲôʱˣΪʲôŹҪҲɣïɫ̫ڰأϻأкΡ
һ̫ҽڷƢԴ˱Ժ̫֮￴˳ۣദ
ïͷۣ֪˵ʲôһתͷͿӴ¶İأһӾЦĿ۰˵С㣬̫ˣ밲𣿡
̫סԺ֮һֱ˯żҲǾ񲻺ãûռͣûú밲Ϻǵˣ̫ڻ˯УҲûš
⻹̫סԺ֮󣬵һμ棬̫һǼѾŮ
صƤЦǣŵܵƽʹ߽һ˫Ů鶯ɰƽ㰲ϲĺܡ
شչʵҵĸ𣿡漴ƽ˵ܵܣĸ
ƽͺöͬİʱȴʮֵĳסһֱֵģ˽Ļĺĸ
̫һӾЦģ
ïϽŹĸǱҹϰѧֹģ˵ȻûȴʮֵƯ
ƽͻСȻҲѧǹʱһӾïſͷ
̫ƽϡĲУϣƽɣĸ
ƽأͷ˹ȥ̫Ҫһƽȴò
ƽǺܹԣɵĿ̫ĻţԼ˿ɰ̫˻ˣ˵Ǳ绹Ҫ£֡ȥҵǸù̫һ漴ûиּïһͷˮͲ֪ʲôǾ񻷣ŭϵǲ£ҵʲôˣͲ£
ïһ仰Ҳ˵Ȳ˵ܶ죬ܻ죬̫ƢиĻš
̫ǿ˳ۣ⵹û顣
ïȴҲҿ
زˣ˵ĸΪʲôԴסԸҩһٷҲģƽʱʱ򶼻ǳȥ棬ȴûˣ𴲣ҾûЪϢһΣ⻹𣿡
סڣ⻰Ҳ˵ģ̫
Ҳίˣ˵Ǹĸƽߣ֪۸
ƽصĻϾʹӴǣ־ˡ
̫ĸۣҺ˾ʹ빬ȥúý̵һǣԽˡ漴ï˵ïǲǣȥǷ
˹̫̲סһ̵ͨӣؽ̵Ĳ񻰡
ȴҵŮԼĸףкδѵϲΪȨάԼĸ׵ĺӣ
㡭
ֵˡԴݲûй
ֱ죬أ
빬ȥˣϲܻ˵ţûп̫ϵŭ⣬ȥҩˣȻˡ
̫ڴĸۣоͷĿѣģϣҪҲɣҪ˵ú㡣
Ժ̫Ȼһٸ״һԵİʵƽĿţͻȻ˵ĸˣ
̫ĸۣ˵㵽û˵
ʵͶ䣬ùʢһ˵˰ɣԿࡣ
̫ԭʮǵιߣһӾŵʳζȻ֪գ಻óҲ֪ʮֵζ̲סʵ۸ιҲ˺ܶ࣬һͳˡ
˷Ъһͳҩ
̫Ĳ̫ҽĻڰˣѾҩɾȣֻܿˣҩ붼ǲԪģҲּģʵȻۣҪȥ¶飬ʵ߲Ҫֻˡ
̫ʵ۸㵱ǱһŮԵʧǣǷˡ
ʵΣĸ󣬵󹬵ʱ򣬴ӶӵסѳһöӳģʱöӹԺ𷣣ĶˣҲҧûгϣΪʲôΪҵףһάԼĸʲôд漴ֵ֪ϲϣææģְҩѾʮֵĲˣȴҪͷҪӣο˵ûҲûһĸȡ
̫ðȴǰľ˵СʱԺûһֱվԼһߣά
ʵۼ̫󻺺˵һ̫ȻǻûöԲסʵۣҲˣļ̫ɫƣȥ
ʵ۾ȥ˺ǵԺΪͻСҲûзֿһԺסӡ
սȥͿͽŵһʵۣ˵ʣӽġ֡
ʵ۾͸ȥ鷿һȻκȰ̫ڵĹ£ͼʵۿ棬˵ʣκĶ𣿡
ʵĿЦ⣬˵ȻǶԵġ
ֵʣʵΪ˵ġ漴ѽ̫صִ˵һ飬Ѿ˵ˣܶײΪТôΪĸĸ׵ıԹʵκǿȨԣС;֪ǷԻĸܿɹ󡣡
ʵ۲ûסЦ˵һ˼ˡ漴ͽŵĿ£Ц˵Ȼö֪ˣҲ˵ˣ޾Ͳˣ´βˡ
͸˵˵϶ˡ漴ź溰ã
شӺɫӺ¶ŵĿ⣬ſġ
ʵ۶ԶȻڴ࣬ϾҪ̳мҵģãʮϿǶԴŮͻ˼ϧһӾˣ˵
˹ȥϾͱס˸׵ĸ첲ί˵˵ôڹҪܷģĲ𣿡漴ֵﲻôͣĸȴǲ⡣˵ž
۵ӹͺԺĿڣȫûƢˣˣûˣᷣ㡣
ڳæµ˵ŵҲԶˣóУֻԱ㼸䡣
ï˽ָָɫŴķ˵ģղǺܰԣŸɹ𻨡
ˣūﻹ˼˵˵˼䣬ūűȥxԺ˵𷣴Сɣ
ߵԺסӣʵȥǱȻǿȥġ
һסï죬˵ȳˣЩ¶漴ïίĿģʮֵĻЦ˵²ֲԭίТ֮ˡ
ïҧһڷ⣬һɹ𻨣һֹеζŴʮֵĺóԣĻŷʵҲǵرʵ𷣡
С𻨷ˡ
Ц˵Ǹġ
ïһӾˣҲºѹϲĸ㰲ο
***
̫һʼסڱԺʮֵĲӦϾߵȫˣڹֻҪһ˾֪Ҫʲô߶ˣȻ֪ϲá
һʼҲǱԹģÿϣ𣬵ųžͰѴ򿪣ǱԺﾰɫõĵطɽɽֵ＾ɽϵкɫķҶʼƵİԶԶȥһȾɫĽУʤա
̫󾭳һǼʱСĽ˵
˵Դ빬ʼ̫Ǻȫķɵʱ򣬸Ҫ˵ɽϵĿʮֵ£˸оʡ
֪һ쿪ʼ̫ÿ춼յһСʱһƬȾķҶʱһҰѣƣʱɽϵĺɫҰ
̫֮ԱǣöСӵ⣬ɵĺܡ
ʱƣ̫󽥽ؿʼڴȻѰɼĶҶһɫޣ״õģժɽҲɿڵġ
һ죬߷ڱ̫ײˣǰ˯һ˯ĸǳŲһӾ۾Ȼ׼Ĺ߷ߡ
Ȼأ㵵ĺĸˣ
شһˮɫխ䳤ȹһ˫ѾޣźëķΣݣǴ뷲ĺ÷Сӣ鶯ɰĲС
ʵõ˵̫ͣǶãͱһңﱲѾʮˣ̫أôӻ
̫ȻһֱţûܹﻷƵϲãĿɰ鶯أСŮеͯĸʱ򣬲ò˵еģʵ
̫뵽ϴζײԼ˵Щģ
±ץĺӣŵץ䣬˵ġ
ΪʲôЩң
ֻҪ̫أϻǸɶµĺӣʵ˵˵ĸ࣬ΪԲ÷˯žԾͰƢŮȥʱţô棬ҶôƯĸĲǲǻõ㣿漴ּһ䣬ȥ궬û취ȥ棬͸Ͷ˸ѩ˷ҵԺ쿴
㲻㣿
ͻȻֱͦ˵͸˵ĶԣҲûңϻԵķ⣬Ȼöײһ㶼ġ
̫Цˣ˵ȻûΪʲôҪֺң
ҵĻĸ𣿡Ȼ˵ʱҺ͸Ҳᳳܣǵڶͻͺã˵ãûиҹ𣬻˵ĸãˡ
سĿ⣬ǴĹģ̫һʱ﷭ģ˵ζ
̫ȻԼ˺۵ĿڣӴһ㸧ƽ
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