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ȥĵ£Ҫ
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Դˣʫڣ½м㣬ˣС˳˻顣
ĿĴɣԶ붼ڹһݱ㲻Ƕ
˭֪һʥּλԹѵҪȢϲ
ҹ·ɣ̧
ʱڴϣһӴڴߣԼ½ʶס塣
ȴתʱסǰ֮˳þԼ͵һģһ
ֻ˸ϲŭӺúݵģ걾֮𣿡 
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գ׷ɱһһŮȡ
ֻȤŮУҲû
ע1.ǰСǹϻ2.׷޻᳡ֱӻ𻯳ɻҡ3.Ů˫c1v1ܿգܿա

ݱǩ ͢ ж ֮ 

ؼ֣ǣ  ǣ  

һ仰飺͵Сǹ˴ϻ

⣺ܵȴţҪȥȡͷܶ


1.  һ    ҪΪ˶


µĶǾò꣬޷磬գȡ

һС˴Ҵܵã˵ڽĻĵϷһŮʬŻξһҵ˵ǹҶ࣬ļҶﲻġæۣС˴·߱ɱʲôԹĻң¿ǣãԼСҲѱ

һ͵ˣȻǰŮʬһ۾ͱ˳Ƿƽ

˵λƽʵϧһ֮ʱȥݷãҵüò£̬ׯ£ΪŮеĵ䷶

ͬʱҲ˿˵ǰȻҪϱذȴǲˡ

ȥͨ¡

ҲǻԻ͹ġұΪճطϮλսԺգΪʵ۳購
ϰսʤĲܽȴǰսԼҲͰˣΨһĶҲһսԴ˷˳ϮλʵŮΪƽϹ˹ȥ󣬿зּңϹӣҲŻ

˥ǰΨһøҸ߿һ۵ҲƽͬӶһ׮ˡ

ɾڲǰ˻飬ҶеȻģȻҪȢŮӹΪֻϧǸ

ˣŮϵΪضŮʬеĳеżݸ

أξе㲻ŵĿлԧż㡣
ԧ֦
Ե룬ʱס
˼շתߣ
ܳأԸס
ҹ룬ｼ
Թڣ

տ꣬δϸ˼棺ξˡ
ͷĸˡ

Ϊ׵ǷϷˣϹطºķˣط塣
ϷЩʹ˿˸֮⣬ǴĶƳЩá

ʬǰϷֻһۣͽ˫ۣٿ
طºطüͷ˲ߵ̫ǰһ۾ضط

ξĽ۸߸ǡ

Ҿ˵ɣΪҪ˻飬ԭɳֳ¡
֪ôĻʱѾΧˣвһЩҵū͡
Ƭ̣˺ЩŮ졣

ƽߵӣԭⷬģ
һʧԼöصİɡ
ҵǸŮء
˽˵ô£˵׾ˮ֪ܣ˻Լˣǲظ


һ˷˵Ķ
ֻϷŮ۾Щлƪˣǰۡ

վסϷ˵Сȴʮ㡣

ԵϹùæŮһߣ飬в£˲ϲϹӳɻ飬ɥ飬˭˸ɵģĹﲻġ޶֤һ죬Ҳ˵֤ݡ

һ仰û˵ڣϷ˹ȥˣⶼǾûʲôˣڻ˭Ϊǲ࣬Ȩơ
һصŮӣ෹̸ʣҲͰˡ

̫ԩˡ޵ĸˡ

Ȼɫ⧲ǰһ̻յգ˿ȻܲԽԽ֮ơ

˶ûЯߡŴ꣬ˮĴǵϣ

ģ뿪ģһʱ֮ޱȡ

ξ˰˽ˣ¸ǡ

ѾĴϵˮﻹ߶ţҵģǺֹֹطˡ

طΪϷ˵꣬ĸףȻذɣҼӣúˡ

ǰĸףҺͶᴦõġط帽͡

Ϸ˵ߴʬϻתüͷֵܵͷ̾һתȥ

ط¶ߵС˶˼䣬ܿطҲ֮뿪ˡ

겻ͣؽŵϵŮʬϵպͲѪˢɾҲԵֽŽ͸ģּ

һʱ׳Ȱʬòϯԭӡ

ٵˮУһŮӵνԣῴǰһУɿЦɱ֮˻Ƕ֮ǣΪصļûӵֶΡ

ɹ죬ıκβ֪ǺɱȻɣǺ÷ĽԾͥѲ˸ϵⱲһֱýС΢عأΪƣӲ˭Ψǰ˱˵ۡ

ҲֻǻɡǰһֱΪϽΪֱҲһֱԾͥġ
ģɵÿղԶԶȥķҲһֱΪĺŵĶˣԼļΪ˱ȫûһ˸վɣƾױ٣οˡ

ˮʧȥѹʸĸʸֻܱҴĽҰ룬һĹûУ˹»Ұ

ԽԽ󣬴͸޵壬ÿһδ̹ǵⶼ̽С

죬ǱԶסһ磬ȴҹ籩ҡ

ã˱еһ㣬еȴȭͷҶ֦Ѿһéݡ

ϣԩˡռϵҡͷ

ӵĸ׳Ϊ˶ܱȥ

ῴűڲϯϣһһµʬ壬ͺԼϣʹޱȡǰԽԽģ룬Ҫ뿪ˣҪҪ˭Լļ˺δ

漴ҡͷ

˰ɣѾ˻ƽЩʲôӦү±ҪΪ˶ҪֻΪԼ

ԭͲ˳ӣԸⱻԸ񣬺οΪ͸ԼһֱƱԡ

䡪
׶£ǰֻʣ°׹⣬һжʧˣʧˣʲôܲˣȴ£Ҳң룬ֻͨص·

ʱһƬ磬֪˶ã÷˱Ƕš֨ѽһȥĽŲ

۾ȵķԼڴϣϤᣣϤı죬Ϥ¡Ų⻬ƤҲصĺۼ

һУвɵ뷨
æ´ᣴ򿪵һ˲䣬ȷˣƮŲ֦ܽػľ磬̴౦񣬹Ϲŵĸ׻ϸڰ״ƿŵ峿÷֦ϡ
ķ䣬û

ǰԼӡͭϣסˡ

һ۵ݣüϤȴľΥ

߹ȥͭǰָԼգղеһĻĻ˼תǧأףûˡ

תͷ¼ϵɫȹͻȻԼʮʱĸģȹ£ûдΡ

ʮ꣬ǰ

һ괺ĩ׺ֳսĸ˼ɼܿ첡ţԼΪ

ŴĴѩЩ鷢Ѿࡣ

һ֪ǸϲǱϲˣǣĸֳš

ˣŽױ̨ǰᣬС˼֣ˣϷʹȥ




2.  ڶ ˻   ϡʲô

üһæ˵ȥˣﱾڲУ

Уһ˵ȻʱԼʹӣȥ󣬾Ⱦ˷纮һֱ꿪ǺһЩ

ʶȴ˿оĲʣЩƣۣҲްģԵʰɡ

ͷ飬УΨѾͷԼ˻ᣬҲů˲٣öʮºһůȷʵе̫ˡ
ȻĻᣬͲǰǰ꣬Ȼ׵ȥ

ҪģҲȥϵߵӱߣóһӣŵױȥЩϺõ޻ʵİӴϡ

鲻ҽӣƽɲӣԴ䣬ûйĹǷԱůôˣ

ЦŰӷģȻ£ָ飬ӽŵķŵΨһˡ

˵ʲô̹ڵϣ̧ͷ
ϣϷ˽ڣжүүҲڣʲôŵֻһˣʵڲס

˵תʵЩˡ
ȷǰСܾ٣ձȨսԺգСҲ뻤Ծͥףɷˡ

һսܶ꣬Ȼ䣬в̵Ľ绤ҫԣױܺ󣬼ʱԮʹñ߹һʤΪ˻ʵµĳ購

Ǹ߹ֵļ񲻵ߵ˹ϵµ鹡
ĸǰԾͥǸúӣܻססˡһֱԾͥҲģ̤࣬κӣɽѩûһµģ͸ճһͬ䣬һ֣ͬһͬᣬС޲÷

ĸ˵ģҲģ£ΪģĸϣܴҫҲŵʱܶһЩ񣬷ּʱǾܶһЩҵҪǶһλȨصݡ

ΪΨһĵŮʵմ͵ƽʱԼ֧ˡ

ǿЦЩûĶԴԼˣƾʲôҪȥ

ͷȻڵϵ飬пο˵ҲΨһˡ

ڲҲûϵԺͶˡպãҪ㴩źʵİӣҪܷģסû

ĬĬͷ

ɣҸ£Ҫȥˡ

ϡǵãǰϷΪ£׳ǰʮҶӣֻſͳסΪĸ겻ܻޣԭ̶õĻڷˣǰ顣

ãɢĲ߽˻

ĸ򸣣򸣡
ĸԵϣЦϷˡ

СһȦˣᣬҪעѽϷ֣ԵѾæһӣϺõҰɽΣ˹

ԭӦýӹ˵һлĻһжαޱȡ
ĸ񣬻Ϸ˿񣬶һõƷƲ˿ϧ֮⡣

΢ɲعǣ̧ͷȴЦϷˣСŮкãҰɽ̫ˣʵܲ𡣡

ϷȻûϵܾ⺢ӿǹ˳úܡ

ˣˣ뿵ʱвͬǰʱպͿˣ˿ǧ⡣ϷæǰԽӹҰɽΡ

Цһ£ڷﲻľǻˣǰŵԣڿɲǸʡȻǸʾ͵иʵӣӦʲô͵ʲô˵ʲô͵ӦʲôҰɽξǶ̧ˡ

һԼ»˻飬˻飬ԼͳǵЦҲ޳ȥˣֻʱԼɵûˣںʲô޲޵

Ϸ˽ӲЦЦϷˣ˵Ծ߽ͥսδˣҲûˡͬһ£б䣬µ͹ˣʲô뷨

ǽȨ׸ǣԵأʵҪǵ̬ȡ

ȻϷ˵ԾͥĻѾʮˣؼȻϣ޳ճɾϷΪأ

ɷףϷ˵Ŀģ£ļȻ·ġ

ЦΣʵɲˣ˭ļǽһͷġ

ĸ˵Ȼ˵Ϸ˵Ŀϡ
һֱĸʲôʱʾʲôʱ˵ʲôĻ游ʱ䲻ó谮ΪӣҲһֱ޵λá

ϷصͷȻϷģǽͬ겻ΪͶˣȻҪþõģˣǾ͵ȽԾͥˣٵŰݷðɡ
˵žվȻҪˡ

ȴΪͻȻڡ

˲İϷ˶ס˽ŲϷ˴Ĳ쵽عһգ۵ĹæᲡûãǻţͷԲ

ĸĺܣЩڣҪ˵˵ʲô˼ֳȥ󣬺ȻǷѾ䲻ϽˣҳŵԣͬϹѾ֮˻飬վ˵ҲϹŻ൱ŮӵĻԵֶΪϷˣ˵˵ĶԲԣ

ž
Ϸһȹס죡ˣط䡣

ǻȥˣᷳǰŶԽСĹӣʲôŹŮе䷶󻹲Ǳݳ˲֪ܣˮЩͷҪкã˭֪ܻãҪôô

˻˾С

Ż£ƽͬˣҪ˻飡ϷˣȽϹӻ˻֪

ϷȴͻȻס֣ᣬǲܵĴ̫ˣԾͥʲôŤ

һʵŵˣոѣҲûзʲô˵ƣ˻һ²˭ģ˿Ĵû꣬ʧʱЩ˻飬ȴվ˳Ծͥûл飬˵ʲôﱻˡ

Ϸ˿Щף⺢СģСʱȷʵǵƤЩʮԽԽˣ֮ǰһֱ߸ϵϷ˶мӣĴϻ۲ܲףڵķ뱣סͷΣͿŽأô˵˻ǰ˼⡣

ϿȥϷ˴һ

Ҳ֪鲻ô˵ģҪ̬ȣϡʲôٷˡ

ʱ˼ѾҪȥȴЩѾǰ
ῴһۣضһЦȻĮؿϷ˶˵ĲϡٷˣҲĲҼ޽ɡ

飬ߡ

ͷҲصĳ˻ĿɿڴϷ˺һϷˣʹ켫ˡ




3.       㿴Ǹˡ

飬ԼһᣬϷ˵Ҳˡ߽УɢķԸš

ǡɵӦ˳ȥεعغ÷š

վڷ룬ӳľĸ׵һʱ֮ίӿ

ףҲһԹҵİɣ֪سʱ̵ҵģʲôãǰһǰС羪֮½˻飬ֽˣˡ͵綼ˣôһĸУףҺǡ

ſڹϣ̣һ޾Ϳ޵˰Ϸܾˣ˵֮ǰľ·

˼˸ˣﵯٽǡ

ȴЦѾ˻ˣȥߡ

鿴˿Ѿ죬ѾˣڳȥϷǲá

գ۾Բø·ѽ

ЩΪӡ

ȥȥİɣᱻֵġ

·ܿ¸˳ȣźŴȻɿһЩ㲻ɡվͭǰתһȦĵͷˡڣҲ

Щ˼ΪصӣѾˡĸ׻ǰˣԼǽʳܹͲֲܹ赭ӵˣԼ裬幦Ҳ޼ּܼ֮ӦԼ顣
ԼкЩκҿõطլӹˡ

ҹΪףҲҪ飬ȻʲôŹŮͷһѡ

ٽ¥ҡߵ¥սǴλҪһϺõĺ쳾ҹ磬ݽܿһƾͿˡ
ľҲԼ𻨾ƣֻΪ˶ׯ̬Ӳտһһˮһ㡣

۾ݽϵĶ¥ƻԻͣöӰҡҷˣһ¥ķȥ

ԭԼˣ˭֪һ˼־⣬ŵ


ᱻײһ£²Щˤ̧ͷȥ˷ɿǰš

ĵ۸⣬æһǮãС͵ˡ

վסһ׷ȥ

ԵĹŮӲͬʱҲͬԾͥһͬѧյģ˵ûʲô츳ֵҲãèԸһС͵Ӧùˡ
ƽ϶ˣ˿Ľŷ׷˺ü֣С͵ӵˡ

Ŵ׷ˣɴڵϡȺƽһЩˣҪؼңȴ֣ǰ龰Щİ׷˺δĴȥһˡ

Ǿ߰ɣˣ·

ӭ¹ⲻ֪˶ãȻûһˣ¹ȴԽԽҲԽԽ䣬սƮѩҾƾƺˣԭ쳾ôͷأʱҪ¡Уȥǻĵһҹͱˡ

ǰһ·һǰĻ͸Щ⣬ײײܹȥѩӦòᱻ

ƿţͻȻ˴ӺСס
бۿһ棬ڿλһػʶԼ˱˵ĵطڲ֪ԷǺ˵£ıȽϺãǾѹԼһװ
±͵Ǯ׷ʱ·̫䣬ŹůһůǲԸ̾ͳȥ

˳Ĭ˰Σɿ

κԴͷȴһ˲ס

͸ǰɢҵͷӳϣһü΢΢ĳޣʹֱͦıеεκӱǼ⻬䣬԰׵԰׵졣
ͣؿڴӳѪʱΪһģ

ˣʵѹ

ǰͻȻ̧Ϭᷳʶһ

أеϬһЩӶãڵŮӣ

ЦЦͷȻһ䣬ҩóݸԼҩȻתһȦ󱳻һ˿ڣͷ˵˼һһٸ㱳˿ͿҩˣһΡ

Ծֳ֮ͥˣȱľǽҩŴҩҲΪϰߡ

Ӵùҩƿлתߵһߡ

¿ǽ߱۾žƾȥ

һ۾Ȼ˯ˣȴͻȻһѡ
ķȥֻڵϣһļ¶⣬ؿڴѪڰɫϸۡ
üͷδεĺӲ䣬ΡΡҪԶҩƿղŸҩƿ

߹ȥҩƿԼ㣬Ҹҩɡ˵űǰҪֱ·æקס½󣬡ˡ

ЦˣǰŮ֮ʲôأ˵ڵĲں¡
ҽȡůǾһҸͿҩкβɣҸ˵ѽͿҩļɺˣֳʱͿҩġ

һÿ˵֡

֪ǳʲôԭ򣬹ʹģӲûм

ƿǰ·˿¶˳ĿʼͿҩʱֻ˿ڡ
֪ǾƾԵʣԵ˿ȻԼһŮӣһžˡ

ָ˿ʱԸоӵĲ𣿡Ĵ˿

һʵӴ˸顣
һ¡ӵЩɳơ

΢̣һ˫۾ɱֳˣֳ˱ص˶һģԹҩѽһ㶼ԡ
仰ֳԾͥҩʱߵģ˭ҩۣͻ˵ԷԣǾͻҧͿҩ

ӽë΢΢ץ½ǵ֣ʹǽڸӷ

ȲҲٶּͿҩ

ͿǰأƵ󣬽ʵ䡣
ϵúܺãҽߣĲ
ղţҲΪۣԭ԰׵΢΢죬㿿̫Գǡ

˿̵ûϸ˵ʲôǶüͷ
̨ѨΪεɰȥţŨҩζɰƺЩʲô

Ȼվ·ߵһߣᣬ۴ڵĺҡҡͷĬЦ

Բҿܿ˲ÿġʶӵĿܣҩƿվԭأıӰǸڴ˽ֻһ䣬û뵽˵ķӦô

ת߹Լ£ñ˿¶ҩɡ

Σ᲻ϸҩ

ˡҩƿݸӣҩÿһҩܿͻõġ

лùҩƿ

ڻů̧֣ͷӣô˵ģгңȻԼԴԴո㣬㲻ˣڻҪʡ

Ӳشֻǿᣬߣ˵ǡ
תͷĲСףûгңμӿƾٿԵģ˽ٷˣһ·ӵ

ҲһľŻѣûһЩ
Ϲӣ׾ģһǸЩٷҲ̫ɶˡ
תͷӣǲ̲ˣ˵̾һҵǮҲ͵ˣҪȻܸһЩˡ

һֱŻ⣬˳ĬãͻȻʵһŮΪʲôŽҩΪʲôİӲҪǮ㲻Ǹˣ

ῴͷ΢΢һЦˣѽ㿴Ǹˡ

һѱ棬漴ͷǳЦһʼûЦƺûסЦ˳

Цʲôǲ⡣




4.   ˣ   ̹Ȼᶨ

֪֪˲ǺˣˣǸˡͣƬ˵˵ԼǺ˵ˣҲδǸˡ

Ĺⰵ뵽ǰԼΪ߶ǺˣأȻϵĻˣҲ㲻Ƕõˣǰİ˲һǲûôิӵǣ򵥵յҲҲ
ûаҸϳȥԽ˵Ǻˣ͹ˡһǾƼˮİˡ

ӵĿʼͣĲϣ۵׺ŵЦ⣬Ĭ

ᶢŻ⣬˼ѾƮǰīسɹꡣ⽥Ϯ֪˯ˡ

㣬㡣

۾úǴֵۣ⣬һСŮںԼ

и˵и㣬Ҹ߽ôؼҡ

ͷܾԼʲô飬ȴҲ벻ˡ

Ҫȥ

ҪȥǶ֡СŮȴϸһ·ϺõĽУҹûţǸҹӣʱҲ˺̲ܶͼͣͻٷˣ̲ˣЩ˲ɢˣûˡ

ſڵķ򣬲ɵõһˣ׿϶ҲûԹʲô֪࣬Ҫ׬ӰƿʹǷ磬ҲǼѡ

㣬ǸϿ߰ɡСŮ˼ֳһСϣ·߾ߵǱˡ

ллСá᲻ͣǰȥһҹδ飬϶żˡ

һ鵣ģȴԼʱӣƱ͵ǮһѲιӸģ
һӵ·ͷɢңմգΪиϣûֵ

ûߴţȥҹ飬ں

飬飬쿪ţһˡ

Ӧ˸϶ڿʵǲǵһϣ仵˰ɣ㡭

鵲ŷ촦ߣܲȻϷڡ

һţܿƽ
űС˴򿪣Ϸ˺Ͷϻд使վڲԶ

ϣôˣӵ·ͷҵģϻմŻһҹδ飬ȥѽ˵ž˹

ῴһ使֦չģüһЦýǣңûʸʰɡ
ϴסƽֻҪ˵ƷŹŮټһܼ޽϶ӦȻ֪˲ףӻǹ˼ģôˣ

ʸ˰ɡϷʵ

ᵭһЦĸҲв˵Ȩ  
̧Ⱦߣʵû˯ãҪúϢһ¡

վסϷȻŭˡ

ͷûһ˿£ĸɷϴѵ⣬ҹû˯ãѵҾ˯ˣΪˬǵ˯Щѵɡ

Ϸü·һʶˣᣬôˣ²ǹ

¾ǹһ֮˵ԩĸʱλһͬɣлҪ˵
飬ߡ

ȥıӰ޲𾪣ղ˿ȴֲ

ԡϴڴϣúõ˯һﲢǣ֮ˣҲûʲô֮£˯

ǱѵģŶӣ˯ʵΪ¡

ɫȹ̾·ȥ⴦˰ɣǰЩĸͶʱҵĶͳͳȥˡ

⡭ΪΣ

߹һ·ӣǺóУˡˣǼɫɣǵ

ΪֻǶǰû뵽һ˵ǵȫˡ

˵ٵᣬط˵óţ

ǻ׷ݣֻĸƷھʸϷ˸񣬡ĸŮ廹δã̰˯ˣĸ¡

ϸطһƺ˵㿴˵ûɡ

Ϸߵǰ˫ʵᣬѰ˷ĵɺã

ЦĸŮǹֻһҹ֮˺ܶ飬ĸģõʩ


ǡ

վԺ룬ǵ߹΢΢һЦĸ˵ĵܷ񿴳Լأƣֻһʲôأ

Ǻֽ̹Ȼᶨ

ֻǵдʣ÷ͣɨ壬ԻСʿž˻˯һ¹ǵߵϷǰλԵϵаѳһǰʮշɳȬ

ǣԭǸٰʽڴ˷룬ô˵һˣֶ˸⡣᲻װɣֻǿĸߵʿԸ˽Ƿֽǰá

ôһҶ˰ɣԷϷ˿ֱɵ⣬˵žǰȥ

˶û᲻ǶĽء

˸ȣ˵ս£ǵĶﾹȻҪ˻顣

ҪԣΪ겻к£Ƴٻ°ˡϷ˿Ҳϣ˵

ȴûб˼使ȶҪ꣬˵һ㶼ǵŮҪȻޣ¶⣬Ȱ£使껪ͳϹˣҪ˼ҡ

Ϸ˲˵ҲУ˷ּ֮󣬻ʥϴͻ顣

ϻ˵ʲôطһȥ䲻ģҲ졣

طµĸףԶͬ꣬ҲòμӿƿˡҪо٣Ӧû˽ˣϽи˽ü˾١

ǾȥɣܿȡĸϷ˵ű㽫۾иؼԶ

ллĸԶл

ϿԼһ˫ŮЦ۾

ʱ᲻˵ֻǳԷһҪ˵ĻһҪηأɲöԵ㡣

ȳԵĲˣʱ̧ͷ˶һۡط²ĸ游ĸѾ֪ﱧ˵Եĸƫս󣬷ļֻһĸطСųԡ
ҲˣҵĶֻͷԷͬ񣬻СԼĹֻĬĬԷ
Ҳǰؼʲôϸзһߵļȡ

վȼеؼϲԼȣ
ǰûôӴҵģ쿴ûô۰ĵܵܣԼǰδҲ̫أ˺Щ̻

лл㡣˵

ؼһ˫Ĵ۾

лЦЦҪ£־ˣǾͰѻ˵˰ɡ
վֱ壬˵ҵΪлҪ˵

˵Ѿ߲˵Ϸ˾һӺܾûһͬԷˣǹ𣿡

ΪҪ
Լ˻һ´ˣϷΪ˳壬ˣ˵ʿԵʵʱϷ˱ķˡ
ĸ˿ƽȻ˸ղǵʿԣΪԼָˡҪ˵ʲôĸǺһ˳˵Щҳˡ

ѾˣҲصǰӡ

ʮּᶨ˵ضǳ֪һѾͬϹ˻顣




5.      ˭Ҳ˭⡣

طһվᣬʲô˼

ղŴҲˣǵ˵ϵаѳѵĺܡ˶壬꾭ӪؼôӦòںּʱôһֶŮĲɡ

Ϸˡžذѿˤϣᣡ

Ტᣬ˵Ѿû˷ҳ綼Ҫɢģʹٱܻ䲻˵ҲĲʵÿʲôҺĸһӼ޸һϲҲϲˣúҸΪʲôҪΪ޵·أ
ҵĻ£Ҳޣ˭Ҳǿҡ֪ǿԸԸ⣬ҲҸһҲҪںǣܷΪ͢سݡˣ使ܼȨ֮ңһ֪Զ뵽ҹȥԾͥĽҹӶҲҪֱɡ

ЦһˣЩ˵ˣˣǶҪαĻԴˡȲŪīҲ赶Ūǹϰ˺óЩöա˳ܣӲȡʲôּҺһһڹøáѣǺòȥԽ˭Ҳ˭⡣

ϷؿڣˣΡΡվӣţҪǰ˵ʲôһҪ޵Тӣ

ҶԸĸû˿Тĸ֮˵ǲ֪ҧҧ촽˵ڡ
ĸң˵Ļľˣйض˵ˣ뽫ͼ˵ˣǲ·˵ˣΪڻǽǻԸֽƳٻڣ󡭡̫Ĳ˵ҡҡͷˣ˵ҶѾ˵ˣҲٶ˵ˣʧ㡣

һνļˣûΪģͬĸֳһܰӿУĹ¶Ϯ߳££ϵȥ

֪ҹĸǷ˯˯ú㣬˵ЩͬѹʯһĻˡ

ڶһ磬𴲻װš˵Щǰ˽Ĵ㣬ҪðһԼլӣΪ˽ķּ׼

լҵĲ˳˽ĺüô⣬ҵǰˮݺɽǰץ㣬źɽɽ۾ɽɻҪƺǸһЩڿʼһҲԸίԼһҲԸ͡

޷ѡݽεһķѾõլԺ˹ʼݡ˵ԶˣʤڷеҪ˵ùȥҪȥҲ㷽㡣췿ӿɲһһϦ飬Ҳ£լĲöԣǷ嵽ǰԺԺ᷿

ϻһҹδߣǣϢִ齫Щ˹ǣһа׵ŷĵ뿪
粽⼴Ϯսиȥһͷ

ϽֹսǣͻȺӿԸᣬҴһƳһϸͷƲݣһĸкǺ棬

ץԼ˵ǰ淢ʲô¡

˩ƥЦ˵ӽտʼҪˣҪȻסլӣҪۻġ

լӿʼѾ֪Ҫʲôˣﱾʣһ仰˲ӯԭҲӼƻһֱ֣Ҫӵĸоûй
ȫġ

߰ɡ

ȺΧ˸˴
˵ԼῴĲգû뵽ģǿķѽױӹҽˣ

Χ˶۷׷ס
㿴Ǹ˶϶ǰ
˵
ǿѽŮ˳˹ѸӲùˣֲô
Ҳ󣬶Ҫټ޵ģҲ֪ܲҵżҡ

Ѿѧ˲沨ȼǵãǰЩΧԼʬָָӡ
˼֮ʱͻȻ˴ʵôУһ˿

Ḿؿʵ˵˺öжβãһָϸˣһҩȻ˺תˡ˵Ÿ˾ֿ

ʼգϸ˵ͷһԲ

ḾˣˣĨһᣬ˵˵ʲôûˣ߰ɣҼﻹҪչˡ˵Ҫߡ

һֱͷϸͻȻסӻͳһǮĻǸұ⺦ˣҸ߹ԼȻͷ߳Ⱥ

Ḿһ㶣ͻȻ׹ʲôҪ׷ǰȥֻͷһڼſڵޣתͷǮýأۺỨ첽Լ߹ȥ

ϸǮʱסˣ֮ǰһֱûһǮˡ
ⲻǺشǰһ꣬شСҩ̣˴ңŸС·ͦס˺شСҩ̡һĴмһʱˣͶʱһãֿѡ

ߣǸȥ

ҲˣںشһֱһСӵһԺǰ
Щǰ˺شүĶͣǵãմӺشҩ̳ʱ˵ô𻨾Ҫһͬûȴ
һ̧֣ߵš




6.      ֻİ·ˡ

Ӧϸ鵭Įλ£

ԼĻ޷˵˵ԼΧ˸ղŵĳ²ҪԱŸ

ϸ˴ǰŮӣ˵װ磬ȴ࣬ûҪĴ㡣
ҽʵڲӦʡ

ϸ˵֣ҲȥſڣҰΣ

ϸ˼̧ͷãɫпɣ²İɡ

΢΢һЦһ˶𣿡
֪ģشûмˣʴһʡլֻԼסίʵһЩкشߣֱ 

޹ء

˻಻꣬ǲףο˼֮࣬ԼСŮش˾ǧ֮ӣ᲻ãԺش˽⣬Ȼ֪˵ʲôܴġ

ϸлͣ۹̾Զɣ֮Ũ
ܹҵʧ˵꣬ȲɽˮϢȴΪΪҽ߶Ե־η
ԱգŷӲϲԵԼһİǰ˵ⷬĻ˼ˣ΢ЦᣬŹƣɡ
ô꣬˵µǼٵģֻ֮Ǿǧ֮⣬գλһ·˵͹ͨ

ϸ˽ݡ

պءϸһݾҽܡ

˵˵һμʱипǧԾʪۿ

شһ衣

˫ֽ豭סָĦűأκ˵Ƿط֮ŮԶһլݣԸ⣬ͬסˡ

⻰һڣ˵شˣ鶼һ˵ΪЩ֣⻰̫ˣһռİôҪһסˣ
شǾȵĿᣬ˵ŮУԾò˼飬˵ʲô˻ȥ

˵ı飬ʶԺش˵ǻǵһμأǽһֿѡ漴ЦЦģҿǶӣԶլȱһ˰տղǷǿģǴƷжҵĵǲ󻹸ǸģŴΪˡȻտԲ

뵽ԼǰԩûмˣҪ˵شһˣĸȥ꣬һشĹذҲһְοôֻİ·ˡ

شﲻ˵ãԿֱëȴȻ̹Ȼ
ȥ裬ˮҲŹһ־Υİ֮УˣӦ˰ɡ

͵վ̫˴飬չźشȥլӿԺǾҵļˡ

УЩȻѪԵϵȴֻ̺ôˣܳˡ

֪شϲʲôͰһشβ˷óͬȻ̸
͵ЦЩɶһЩ飬ȴЩ鵱˵ˣָоÿÿźشﾪڹµ˹ͬԼͬѡоĪů

֪䣬Ǻش˸

ÿǹ˺شСԺ䣬ȻһͬȥԶլӣŹݣڷǸܳΪҵĵطֻҹ˯ĵطˡ

˲֪ʲôֻ֪ÿһͳţֱ˲Ż
գͺش΢Żص˸У£Ѿߵš
Ϸ㵽䡣

ĻˣһֱĸǲˣΪ̫ŹΪ׼򣬲֪ĸ̵ǲס

飬ңȥȥͻء

鿴ŶδѾϷ˷ķȥвⵣǵͷĿ뿪ĸ

Ϸѹ˺üյĻڿģʱ򣬳ױˣҲǷŮ͵ذů¯˹ļͷ

Ȼʹһü΢ɲضһ£伴ðܼС飬˳˳ָ磬̧䡣
ĸǺðʽƫһ֣ҲҪ˰ɡ

Ϸû뵽ů¯ӹȥʱᾹȻûжܣˡ
ɲǲ㣬˵𻨾ƾͷѣܲסŵġ

㿴ʲôӣûһŮӵģսˣԾͥǺҲģڿຮı߽˺꣬ӱ˽Ƥë˹ϷߵϹùһ̹һųƤëҫ£
ȥ磬Ծͥ˿Ҳġ

ḧǰĳëǰʱԼյƤëǶôĻģõĲ÷죬磬᲻óֻڼԾͥʱ
ҧҧ´ʱԾͥӦûϲԼİɣ֮ϼԽԽܻãԾֹͥһ˶֪Ӳʣû뵽̺Ͷ£ȴʧڵԩ

ëϲȰţӹ̣ĸŮͷ룬Ȼطˡ

վס

ϷתʱȻ

ͷվĽѵĵҲ䣬Ͽ꣬ûȥ˯

ȴϷ̾һ¡ϵأϼҸҲҪˣвƢ㿴ԾͥģʲôԸģʱϽּͻ飬һ㼸Ҳ˵˼ˡ
使Ѿʮˣͬ꣬˳׵ͣҲѾʮˣСˡĸǽ˽ǣĸˣҲ֪ǲǺһһʱǽö׵

使ᣬûпڵ˼˵ĸǧô˵念Ҫġ
СϷߣҲҪĸꡣ
񸽺˵ĸҪǳףŶܳףͬء

ãĸǣôȥءϷžӨᡣ

龳£ͨȿڣӶԸˣ᲻֪˵ĻмģȴӾԼʱĿЦ

ĸеİ׵ǰǵⰲţǰĸⰲŰɡ
֪Լ˻ˣûüֵֻƽݣĸҲ޷Լѡ
ͻȻʲô˵Уϼǲȥּͻġ

Ŷһ˵ǺĸˣطϢɡ使Ȱš

ΪŮС󶼶ʮԶҲ˵׺͸ʱܾ谮ͬĶݲ죬ǰ׸ȥԺ꣬ڷĵλҲǾصģôֵõһΪˡ
ϸǰûôƹ使ŷλý۽üҵֻ֮Ҳزסˡ

ɴ࿪ڵ˻飬ûϼȥʥϴͻ飬Ҳֹֻܴаɣںĸһء
һĵĳëҲǣҼʹ˻飬˼Ȼʥմ͵ƽԿȥ밲ͣͲͬˣǲĵгһհܹҵӿɺùأȻҪڷ绪ïʱһź¡

使ֻһӾͽˮ̧ͷϷˣĸҴδ

ý㣬ҪֺõĿɲĸأֺãּʱҲҲûһͭ壬㻹Ӧֺңˣձٽʹ͵ĺöܷɫһֹͣƤëĶ̧ۿ使̾һѽе˻ʩᶼǲֵõġ

һ䣬使Ҳ̲סˣſǻ˵һ֪б𣬴ûԽ˵ԽĻΪ˶ҡ




7.      Ը뻭

һЦȻ֪Լݣһʣ˵ⷬԽ

ҡ使תͷһ˫ۿϷˡ

˺ˡϷ̫Ѩ˵ҽԭ롭ˣǶȥɡ

ĸû˵ĻʲôԼΪɵİе˶ԼΣΪ˿ǹ

ͣ˳ſڵæǰӹ̡
ŵ˫ֶͨ죬е˵ˣôҲһЩ

ûϡ

߿Щ˲źá

˼ӿŲǰȥ߹Ⱦ˺Щ

ͷ˭˺󣬲񣿡
ҵˣڼ϶ֻǿ׻Լѹͬ

ǰߣ仰Խ˵

ʶ˿ɪɪ飬˵ȰҲҪ˻飬Ͳؿˡ

ǣ߽㣬ֽ֧˻顣ᶨͣס뿪ĽŲתͷ˵飬Ȼȥ

Ȼ߲磬˳ȵϣ˵ɡ

ҧҧ´Ҽǵս˵˭˭⣬ܻݻأ

ͷ

ҸԸųȴͣܰ︸׶ȡҽɽǲ޶

̧üǿ˻ѾҲ޷ףԼ·ɣҵ׷һЩʱ˵ҲУҲȱǲ֮ˡ

˵̧꣬žҪߣȴסȥ·ϷҺĸ󲻹жټҲǵܵܵģҽ޹ءֻǣʮҿŸףۣŲãۡ
ʣۣʹһЩӿŽ˻Ž˵Щ滰㲻ǰǰ䣬Ŷ󡣡

ס䣿ԭǰǵεԼǱģֻΪԼ뷴ů

ᷢ㶣Ϊͬ⣬ò׹һɲܰ;ϣ˵һֱ߸ϣеһУǺҹһ£ʮ£չеĹɣӲ󡣶Ǻҹ鶯Ծ¶ȡ

ůԭ

ҡͷЦЩζӳ£̧ͷ˵۸ףõŮӣΪң겻ܳףң

ꡣҲЦȢ֮ģô궼ԸȣиԼһ

۾͸ּᶨĵŮҲѵá
ãҴӦ㡣ȡһһϦ֮£ҼѴӦͲᷴڣסԼ˵Ļ

ƾԸɽ𺣾޶

᲻ٶԣתȥ֪Ϥμ֣͵һõҲһ£翴ŶĲ˳ۣǾͲǹ̫

ڶգһţϷҲţֱŻȥϷ˵̸ãùŻظ

Զլ͹һͬˣ磬δƵѾεլӣŽڵá

һãҪСٽ¥ȥ

ʱٽ¥¥һˣ⿴һۣȴȻͷһȻˣΧ˺ԼһЩգȡ°񷢹ڣֻһӰ߳žƺ̱˶¥۵λá

۾ȴһ̶뿪¥ݿڡ

źɫĽȹβ٣ֻ򵥵һֻ䡣

ٽ¥Ҫ϶¥ƹæǰס¥ѾԲˡ

üû˵תȥȻû취һһ߸ݽط

̱ʱ䣬ʶԾ󣬼¥¿ȥֻҪȵˣѾ߳ٽ¥ʱļ٣Щ׷ȥ̧żԼ˺Ƶۣ侲Ҳ᷿ǰԸκ˴ţվɥһӿ󺰵ȥֵľ¥Բˡ

СܳЩ֪룬Сߣӵ˼һ㶼ܲ²|ŲʮͷҲûס

⣬ǡ

ˣðԲˡõȽ黹嶯Ƭ̺ȥҸˣӦûûԶ
˵꣬ӻȡһֽݸ

ӹչһ㶣ֽϻһС񣬴ӵķΣӵķΣȴϸüСŸŮӣһʱ֪ŮѰЩס

ӼӹϸȴȥѰˣȻ˵Ȥֻģ֡

ˣʲôʱӷԸˣȻͬԼôͷһѽҲź˵ѽ
ӺܲһСʵ£Ů

Ӷһ٣ҡͷԳЦЦŮӡ

żٽ¥ߵ¥̨ߣդԣԶã̾һͷԼһ£ʵȤ 

ܿ˵Ҫҵ˾ǰ治ԶһСƹ

ظš˵תȥ
𲻷ģǸȥ

Сƣ˵£Żʮ⡣

հһŻӽұ߽û⣬²ѣǹºκԽԽɲ⡣

ô£ûӳԷͱ
СͻȻθ

ҸǮɺã
һպǸ⣬͸ЩţỺеľƱоĪϤ

أдЩ˵Ķء

ȥӼֵ˿϶ȥֻƼһӵıӰš
ǰߣϺһƣƵǰ棬æһۣʾⲻõģԼܺá

תͷʱסˣղ˵ˣˡ
ֲ˶졣

֪ΪΣʶ˶㣬ӵĿѾƮ˹ͬ˸ţһҪкӾǲʶһܿתͷС˵ֽʹ

Ҫк뷨˲ѹȥ

㵱˭ѽĻֵǮ𣿡СбƲ죬һţֲԾĴݰ׾ûз紵ɹȻ˺ˣȴϺõĽУʳǽ£ǽֱֵĶСһ˼˼пûҵǹӣ˵ЩŻġ
ţҺƹĹ

СһߣΧŵ˶ӵĿصϣֻǾţ˵Ҳ

ᱻЩëæصԼλϣ˼ȫȻڻϣ˰컹ûһ
ȻѾϳΪҪװʶȻҪװʶղΪζԼǺѽ²͸

һյĹƹˣСűīֽ⡣
ǴˣϲǸĻҵ⣬ٷˡ롣

ŴӵŲԶᣬʵƹʣλԸ뻭




8.  ڰ ϧ   ĿòҲزɡ

Żһͣüͷ΢塣

˵Ŀⶼϣ˽

Ȼ²͸ɴӭȥӵĻЦĿֱӣɴ˵ԵټԸΪѡ

ʶΣ֮ܿЦݣлﻹǵС

ǵãȺе˼ĿԼӣԼղλƶˡ

ƹ񲻶ɫһۣͷʾ⡣ǮʹĥС˵ҪƹʱѴһС

ӻˣãƹһߺȡ

ƮȻߵǰĵ󷽵ؿ΢΢ͷŵЦ⡣

ֽ̿ţʣƳȣֻԼ֪ģ̇ۿǰŮӣǱװԵޡ

ôѽ
ǲǻ
λ»á

Ⱥмׯںÿ˶ſⳡֻν

Χ˿꣬ЪϢƬ̣һʱɺá

ƹһӻóһӻ˻Σƹ񼴿ǰ˵λйĿ֮ܣҵ᷿ɡ

ô˶ſȷʵЩ

˷䣬˵һϲ֣Ӧλӣ

֮Ͱˡʵе𻪷ӾжٲŻ

һʼܰԼһʱӦ껭ˡ

ȴʼղأֱʧ

űˣȴС
Сͻм仰ͬ˵

ţûվſڡ

лͽ˵ɡӴ߹

ֻǿţ߽ò롣

⻭˼ǹ͸ýɹﴦá˵Žչ

һׯŮͤͤڻУţ鵭Ȼ

Ӿٵһĸ߶ȣῴžͬվһ㣬ȴֱͭǰȴ϶ʫУӲƮݡ

òǦ˿طιң
԰֣粻ٳٻ

ĿƵϣյ䲻Ǳɲ԰ףü۸ʣԽݣ֪ϲŭ֡

תͷ°ɡ 

պûӵѵùǵСϴζлҩ࣬Ȭֵ˹См

Ҽǵ˵ԼϿģ㡭ͷԼڶǵʲôˣյлȴ˵϶ˣеΡ

Сס

ŶԶԣϹӡһ·˵ĲŻľԷѣǰƾ٣ɴҹԴī鼮ˣҵĶݾͺáۺЦ⿴
ڿһ˲ʯģð뷨ϧŵȻҪĿòҲز١

˭˲üۣԭΪԾͥѾεˣϴ˸ѡ

⡭պ͹ֱдǿգܹӻ磬ٿɹʶһжŮӻʵڲסײ

кβסԶһլӣмվͿƣ᷿Ѿ깤ӿסǵشƫԶʤģǶϰֵĺõطڳԴöȵĻɼˣպٻΣ

ӳµתһ˿زסϲ⣬ܿѹǣ˼֮ơ

ԼĪյ蹦ҾˣС͹ˣڴ顣

һü˵飬ϹӴشﴦȻظһЩ鼮Ҫƿá

ȻѾϰ߽ԼɿҰһЩҪ͵͵һȴ֪
ϴ˺öӣ綼ϹӰɣڡ

ЩҲǲլӻģȰͷӶشšĻ˵ߴȥ

׷ȥ󺰵

ͷ۴Ц⣬ܿĵӣʲô£ȥլӣЩƱ͹ȥܸеġ

жûмڲʱ˿ĵЦˣʣԱ߽Ϣһ̣δǸЦӣߵĻȥͷûʲô£Щ

׵˺شסߵűߺ 飬ｻЩ顣

شЦſţѾͷʲô£־ơ
ˣߵĿӣش۾һϤĸоԾʼ

ҴϹӹԶլס¡ ˼ϣشعϸš
ϹӲŻȻǿУҪƿ״Ԫء 

֪ˡ˵žҪǽȥ

ֵôҼҹһլ֪ˣҼҹ׻ҪҪˣ˵һۣû˵һ¡

źش߽ԺУԺţֱӰ׹⣬ɫĽշ˵һ顣

㲻˵ܿǱѭ˼ɣͬĻҪ˵ģλӸУ˳͢ʶܲĶͬ뷨һŵܸеӡ

شⷬһ˵鲻֪ηʼΪԼġ
Ѳɹ￴⹫ӣлָȢɣЩգЩ˸

شֱԼӦðЦá 

죺һҲӢ䣬ĺÿʲôã䲻Ҽҹ 

ˣ߰ɡشļ򣬡˿סҲðˣɫδǼȥլԺʰɡ

˴ţҲ׶ǰȥشףܾУº͵˵С˵Ļӱ⣬߰ɡ

״ӿشʱ˳شƺûϳԼͷĸ˺شĲ

ϣ˿ȴ˼ǷϣشڲͣĻҪҵϤԭӿĵӣͼ˵Լ

լӣ׺ԾĿʼشʰŶ᷿

סĵطͲˣʲôɣΪԼǹأһߴɨһ졣

û·Ȼ˺ˣȴϺõĽУϲ޷紵ɹĺۼЩֻġش˵

׵ķһۣһ˵

ܿʰ᷿鿴˿ɫôôãǲǸʲô飬Ȼȥˡ

ûվűߵףͬʹͳš

һߣ׻شῪڣعùãΪҲԵùˡ

ȣɽһӿУϸǰӣƺһ߰СкһĶڹǽ͵͵ֲȥᣬüᶨԼһǿ
㣬ӣش




9.  ھ  ɺ   ұҲûû

ǡùóΪҲùˡۿ죬ԭǵĹҲʼĿ

شǰ¿ɺã

ù÷ģҺܺãֻǻԵɺϣҹΪҲҪôһؽ硣

شе˼Ǻ⣿

ҹǴ˼ҵŮӦǲǲطҲڹһƫƧְȫĵؽ硣

ûҪһƫƧլԺòˣû뷨شҲٶʡ
عǸùӻʲô뷨ǾԲ˺ģЩҲӦñ޹ǣ

ù÷ģзִ硣ùöҵݱܡȻҲ˺ù

ǲܸ߸عġشһ٣Ӻͻɡ

ĸҺܺãùòعһĺܺá

شץ֣Ƭ̣ٿʱϧŭ⣬˵Ǻܺã
ѵһ֪񵹲빬ʱǿĹȫȻӡ

סش֣ùãұҲûû㣬㡣Ҫ˹ùΪ̨Ѩɰ˻

ش̾һҪ˵ʲôվû˵ڡ

ȴЦˣʵùЩܸ˵˵빬𡣡



ͬشʱȴϷ˹˷ŵĲǷĸǻĻ

Ϸ˾Խ˵Щʲôִʲôײö֪ᱻ㣬ֱϼҸӻضǡ

ҲֹᣬźϷߵѾߡ

ڷ־ʳˤľ֪ΰźãɴһᣬɫֻȥ˽լӣˣҲֻʣºشˡ

شȸոЪ£űѡĴţæլӸİҲ

쿪ţˣĴĺܼʳȥôǺá

ش۴ţ㼱˵Ϸ˰ѹҪȵϽϹӻף־ʳôѽ

⡭ǺãشҲһʱû⡣

𼱣䣬ǽ˵ŰɫʿվڲԶ÷£ûѪɫӳеĸΪ԰ס

شͷʶ

شҵ˹ݣȻл

żûţͷĶԻ̧ش﷿ȥ

λи취£һ£ϵ磬شסڶ᷿ڵ˷ͼªѴ࣬ûüð̿𶼸ԼﲻůͶ١ôˣȻĹŮĴԼȴû

лӣΪǹļ£ʹΣ˵ǾʳϷ˿϶ۿŲܵġ˻һ£ϼҸӲǲнչġشձģϸһ룬ϷҲ֮С

ȵȻף㲻ǹУǸҶǳ£˵ҿعԸϲӲôùˣΪҪʳ˺Լ飬ȥعóԺúȣа취ƻ˵㡣

ͬشһۣЩ𾪣Ȼ˽عһֻŲһ˴ӴֳԶԣԣȫЭΪԼø

գգ۾ȣͻȻⲡҲǺô
ϹӣôϽ

⡭ȿЦܲ˵¶˵׾ֻøشʹɫعӦЩӰɣЩ֯ܿɿǮ¾ͺá

شͷѽѽºס

Ҳܺã־ʲôطԾһ˼ǣδҳκδãͻȥ취͵͵߸

뿪ԺŸչϣȱ㺰𡣡

ӷ£ȭ񣬡ڡ

ǱϣڵѾΣع֪Ĵȥ¸һ᷿Ҫ쳾Ҫüīš

ȥѽվʲô

ͨһ͹ˣ£湻˲Ȼظɣع¶ᰲźãüˣһڸгճǼơµúܣӻУһҲͰˣ˿ֻѽ

ն˭ȥˣüͷ΢塣

һأӡŻӺĹˣĹžŻģҪȥ˺ô󾢲ŰȰߡ

ģҪҺ;ŵ棬ӦҲûʲôҪ£ûȥ˵ȥ縮ϰݷáͣסļͷظʵûʲôҪȥ¸ˡ
תͷԺشùýҹҷЪϢоƽ˵ſȥ

ﻹһ֣ӷźشһ֣ȥ

ڴϣѾ߶ŵĳʳθܣסʿˮ󺰵˵ˣ˳ȥ

ĺ춹⣬ֺαغԼĶӹȥϷ˵ˣֻҪͬһȥ˵Ǹ̾ͷȻֻܵϽϹӻˡ

ôһ˵ոˤ֪ôˣƳһ˵ѾߣһƷĺ춹⡣

һ̾ͺˣڵϵĺ춹ζŨ䶼ǣ﷭ڵǹɾеѹסˣ

䡪شӴԼ˱ȥˮҲѽŸɴ˰Ϣ˯λˣһỹҪҹ׼Եıˮ

ֻһС϶ˮձӹžҪϣſŷ㣬ԵȡﱻţȻ鲻ѣҰ⼸ˣùƣͨڡ˵žͰһѾ

Ѿ߿˿˿Ҳá

ӹȥһ˲䣬ϢĶһˡ

һֹⲻǰԼô˵أĪǡ

ɫķȻһǿһ֣Щƣֲôʶ֣ʲô˼˱ѿϷеһ֣Сԣʱʱ

֪ѾͷԻ취ģôһҲˣ˯Ҳûˣֻųʱ㵽

ʲô취ȥأ뵽⣬һϵıˮ뱡ˮǼ򵥵ıˮˣǼȻҪҹ͸Ͽѱˮ𡣡

СΪūͣѾϰӷԸѾߺĶ𱡺ˮ

һʼʱһһ̹ȥԵģ˶ЩԺ۾Ĺ۲죬ʱѾ߾ͳ˯˹ȥ

ô멣Ὣ򿪣ŵȡ

ԼһʱȻи롣




10.  ʮ    Լݲؽļˡ

ݣŵĳĹ⣬ͬʱʣϵһ룬ʽݺ̽ѾߵıϢȻ

ͷһԼҲèģһ۾Ϳ˵书ֳԾ֮ͥϣɻ

֮д뿪֮䶼ǹ

˵óһĺɫӹϣʯӰ
Χ͸ﻹл뿪

ģѾҺ뿪·ߡ˵žͶǰʾҪ

һЩ򡣡ȫԼһΣЩǡ

ɫˣɷ˵ᣬɨֱϣͷȥɫԲīɫգǱ¡
һѲҹĻ뿪˷ˮһ̤˺ԺƬ̤ǰԺƬ뿪ûͣһ·ԾڶϿգԾһһһƻͨĴ˽ȥ¡

ǵһαŷԾͣЩδҺõ·ߣġ·ߡҪң

˶ȡ¶ñӣͷѾղǸˣתͼվԼǰЦţʵɻã

ãǳãƽһһطݣоһ˲;˲Ծ
ķҳ⣿

ҺشҪشΪҪ¾͵õϼҸӻСǶе˸еİ취ڸҹԺ,Ⱥ,á

ͷȻȥϷ˵ǸֲϷͻȷŵİ취ֻǡ
ΧĻ᷿ǰɰоµĲƷ͸㣬ʱۣԼݲؽļˣҲ̫ܼˣôǼ˺ܿҪˡ
ǣֲòϣǽǮİŷǳ

ǸϹӵȷˣҾһصլϢͦá

ϵĺ춹һڣŴ㻬ȸĺóԶˣٽ¥ĻóԣԾ飬ĵվͱôˣѾȥˣɴſܡ

ȿ̻ʳԺ춹Цһ쳾ݸ

ӹ£泩̧ȣǸ˼ҳʳˣҵļҵôһЩЩţǡ
´˵ҪĻһˣȷʵôЩ⻰ܲ˵ɲ룬ûȵƿͳŲȥˡ

ʶԵǮ⣬ܲ˵ЩõĶӰɣԼݻȥæС˼ǲܣСˣնˡ

Щ˼ĸԼ˱裬˷ֵĸое⡣

ȿ˿̵ӣĪÿɰǳɴСڽϣģǴ˼ңǰдŸվĻӦþͻˡ

һʱȤƿд꣬ܲһŮԼɡ

⻰ȴЩζ
һ¾˻𣿡Щŭ⡣

ȲԣԼӦû˵ô˲ˣƣͼתȥӵɡ
᱾еˣԴӴҪ˻飬ҪˣͲòƽ𻨷֮ǰֺγ˴ִŵɣҪǵĲֻԼͺشܲǸԼԿɡ

ЦҡͷΪƽǮأԭҲתһ룬׹ȷʵԼ˼ǲˣķ֮ܺǰʢʱȡ
ٿŮԼȵıӰʶڼǰոʧȥ˸ֳĸףѾǸǵƽˡ

СͨգΪһɡ˵ǰᲦ滺ˮһ㴩С

¶ˣʱȷ˸ĸֳǶ뿪ˣԼԣôΪ˻Ѿ˼Ϊݳ޵һһºĴ

תͷŵӣ˿䣬һϮ£ɫ԰ףüĿ㣬ϸָңǴǳǳЦ⣬Լ
ģͻȻ©˰ġ

ܿߣתͷҹе£۾ֳ򢡣
˵ʲô̸ʲô竣֣ܣǹˡ

쳾һһ¶ǣħұͲȵ飬ǰһжˡ

ҡҡλεվžƺٵȥ




11.  ʮһ    ˡ

ȴͻȻڻһиǵ鲻ԽĲ

ܿȶȴƷǰֻ֮˵Ѿˡ

ǰžƺŮӣŲң·ÿһֵ̤ϣպΣ룬ųķ𣬱һ¡
ˡ

˫ְסңȻֹ

ѽôˣ˫

ˡ

ῴľƺҲɣûѽ

ȶ˫۾˵СҲˡ

С˵㶼ûȾƣô

ƹǰ˵Ʋ

֪ǰֵǹ⣬ԭͿʵݣǴ˿壬סƺҲòȵԼ
֪ΪΣЩ׽п룬ִԸĸ͸֮йĸоȴȻ֮ǿҡ

бסӵ䣬տϡǵģֻҪһᣬʱŸ׺ֳڶ֧ŵʱ񾭱̫ˣ˿̵Ƿɣǰʱһˡ

ͨͨ
һУǷһǷǿĵطͷʵôֳĲһƺܶ࣬ܶࡣ
üͷָ԰׵գŷġ

Ȳˣҵġ

æԼյס£Ĳᣬ͹ظЪϢɡ

Ҫתᷴ׽סɿǰԼٱߣһ˫ִ۾Žȩ̈㵯ٿһΣ

̫ĥˡ

ЩЩ֪գȴΪǰˣĪԼ
ſھܾȴ͵קһԼ䣬޷ĵ
㡭

һͷͼ˫ˮ۾ǿԼһӱҪ˵Ļ

һˮɺã

ȴƬ̣ȻһЦͬЭһ㣬صá

𣬱֮ղ٣ЩС¾ʲô

ԱΪӣббڹԣšЩն֪˼Щʲô̶΢΢üֺۿ
˫ëѱʪ

δ꣬һֻٱߵֻ䣬

΢ͣ¡ٱߵˣҡҡͷ˯ˣͬա

ϸϸƬ̣ջµݣոУֻԾɱۣ̰˯š

ǸڲͬŮӣͬһѪյӹһ˿ûн䱸֮ģҺƳ˯ȥ֮£ûڶˡ

ش˵лԼ֪δ㣬˼зˮʼɣ뵽ᶨ˻飬Ц⡣

һ૴ȵ˼

ֻŮӽë΢һ۽ǻ䡣

֪ΪΣҲʹ뵽ȥʲôǵ˯ᡣ

ϧ̧֣ȥΣŵأͷڵϣ̧˯еŮӣԾľƽҹ·ֻˡ

£¡ſڴ
¾õʱܻ˲ʱ˵Ĵϡ

³ᣬŵĹȥţ𳳣ʲô£

£ˣһ绹Ҫȥ¸ڰعͻȥϢһɡ
ʵļ˭˭£ӱӹǾһҹ٣ò׵ûˣһˣٴ֮ͣҲóȻⲻ˶һˣŸ֨

ȵͷʱȷʵеˣȲ˵Լ˵عȥҲ±֡
ع˯ˣ·Сģˡ

ǡ
ᱳᣬΪϺɫĴ񣬡ȥɡ

һӰҹɫ½ýĺڱʧȥķ

᷿߳ˣ¡

ظ

ǡ

ʱǷԴģĸо治ܣͷɵģθҲ͵͵ܳȥɲҪѾƵҩȡ

˯ҪҪѽ
Ҫ˹ƢˣҶʱûž㲻ˣǽ㣬Ҳûʲôġ
ҲҲǣǻİɡҹôô룬Ǻȹˮġ
û£Ҳ룬⸮жǽĻﻹܲϳˣ

ᲢᣣѾߵĶԻǣҹȷ˫򣬲Ա㣬

ȵȣôͣסأϻҹȹʵЩԷֱ棬ЩģЩξ
ʹԴţһӾͳǰǺúܽգ뵽৵ľͺˣС¹ײЩӴַǵĸҲǰͣ׷ͣ׷ôҲ׷ϣ񻹿ˡ
̾ΣϹӣôΣתһ룬ΣҪȻˡ

ͷͷۣһɣ´οɲܺôˡ뵽ƣ뵽ҹǼ룬룬ؿڣ̫ˣȥԶլӵúúʺشﻹʣˡ

˿̵ӸȻæµš
ѾźùţΪȸ£ԱߵŮһҩ

ȶ˹ҩҡ
㲻øȥˣȥعլҺعùã˵Ѿùˡ

סعùã

ôû𣿽˶øˣһȥɡ
ͻС͸ԼȻͬعùģֻСôûи߻أ

ɲǲ˵ǻ۵˯ˣֻӳǰԼⲻû
Ҫ֪Լżҹû˯ȣһҹθǿȵṦһֱŵֱ᷿죬Ҳס

ͷڣϴ멣ȳӻԣӸʻȥ

Ŀ˭һ۾Լؿڵ龰ͳǰϸԼһ֮ﻹʸ

һӿͷСʱĸ˵ǲ֮ˣһĸͱ乬һĸʱ꣬ʽ˻ʹߵСסԾ˿ͷʱĻʹʹǡǡǺĸ乬ס

ڸʺǰҪ͹ĸТÿҪϳΪĸ֪ܡ˭֪䲻ȴһҲûƴ˵ԼԭҪһĶӣŲǼ˵Ķӡ

취乬ȥ̽ĸʮȥĸʲôӣȴһҲûб޶˵áһιˣȻù̵ĲˮԼ㿪ˡ
⻹ù鹦ڣлҪʼϰĹͣҲ鹦Լһõ

ܶӵС߶Ϊ˲зϺ󱻻СʱԼõ̫٣ÿζ᲻ö޹˼ɵĶΪΨһһö˶˳Сߡ

꣬ΪӺ©ͶƣǰĸݺҲʮı³ԩѩĸų乬üա

ΪڿԵõĸ׵İǣԼһͬʱֻӵ磬ȴ俴ĮȻ˵֮ˡ




12.  ʮ ƫ   ڶΪġ

ʱûʲô˼׵ʱѾһ塣

ǰԼһ纮˲Լͬķ纮ͬĸףȴһĽʮڸ첻˺ĸֻһۣûȥ̫ҽǻ͵͵ȥ̫ҽ˭֪˻ʵۣ̫ҽҵϸ֪ʵۣ˵ԭΪ念û̫ҽ˭֪ӹǾưܲ
ǵõʱʹĸһԣ۾Щů

֮ĸԼȷʵЩΪվʤνĲ֮˵ʵĶԴĸ硣ֱʮʱ֪ĸеֻǸʶԼκʶ꣬ԼΪ˰ϻλõӡ

ʲôأܱǿ˵ĸ㲻Ϻã֮ǰҲ㲻ϲˣʱ̫ҽǻġ뷨ܼ򵥣ϻλȻԼҪһСأԶ붼ǣһһ졣

ȿȡҡҡͷҹ۾еڶˣȷʵЩԲ

һͼ̣Цӭ˳ӹĲһˣŴϵ˸ϷĺܺãͬͰˡ
ЦЦϲϷһͬϷ飬ͨԼӶͬȥҲԼڳʴ˸ۡſ׽
ǺԵҲʮ

վƣȥԶߣ絣ˡ

˱˵ߣ̵һֱû뿪ϵīɫ멡
ɫϲŭ΢̣ڵĳëƤǰʱϽڱ߽һֻ˽Ƥë׸˸ʣû뵽ȴϡ
ʱ뻨̿յĺ˳ƽϣһˣЦ˵Ҿ紩Ÿÿ͸ɡ

һæȣԳʴ͸ĶҿɲҪȷʵƫģ㼰ڳۡȴҵĺ࣬ǳ£ʱǱȲ˵ġ

˵ﻰʶҲءȽ멵ݸˣʱĿȿȡǿ֮ĩӣΪʺ͸ǣѾҵĸˡ

òϣӣâ֮ϵ¶в룬ǱٻǵǶ²ˣ۳ͣʵ۵Ĳ²ͷУþ꣬˵念;֮ԡ
ҲΪˣʵ۵κź

Ż³٩糯⻰ֵ˵ʶȻΪ촢֮λģֻ̫˵ˣʲŻ佱

̫Բ˵ȷʵڶΪĴڡ

үϷӵˡ

ô𣿡ЦҪߣǷݼкͻϲüٵģôŸһĸͬ
ܣ죬Ϸ̨վ˴ˡ

ȸϷ̨ȥԶԶͼȽţǷĶһ㡣
վȴǶĿˡ

Ƚһͷˣӭ磬ܣϷϿʼ

ΧϷ̨ǰԲⶬĻȷʵһЩȵӱȲÿִСϰӺӣЩ䣬Ѵ££
̼ˣüȽ˵ܣ㿴ǲƫˣƤû͸̫ӶǸܡ

ȽһۣԸʵ֪ӹûвƫܵʱ念̫ܺһϸߵ͡

ԡæ

Ƚļͷʲôɲ˵ģ˭˵

˵ʲôէ𣬻Ųߵ̨ǰ
磬㿴⻨˲ɡȽ̶̸Ϸ

ȲϲϷֻĬĬţٶԡ

ߣһֱ˯ͷˣͷƺˣݺ˸Ŵᣣ˵źױ

û÷٣ߵţѾߴһŷ죬£ڽ㣬

ֻ֪ǰʽҪѣġ˵Žӵݹȥȥˡ

ùѾĵӣϸḧȻһѿɫױϡ
ȥ鷿ñȵһѾ߳ţַԸһѾߣȥñīֽ

ȴѾΪѣԳ浱ܳ𣿿ȥãҪȻҾҪˤˡ

ǡ

һߣæоѿʲôסˣȡ·Եӣͱһֽţдţʱ

̸δָĶԴԼأŷּҺȡҲԼ㣬취ԼǱվԼһʾõ̬ȡ

ҹѾźԼЪϢ˱ˮѾһҲûɣܿͰ˯ȥ

ʱ͵͵ߴ򿪣һ۾Ϳ̨ߵֽѲߵĻ֣æý˴
˳ڵϣֽϥϲ𿪣춹ζ˱Ƕ˵ҹԱ㣬һʳﶼûԣͶˡ

һڳĵԲ٣ʵж֧Լ˻顣

춹⣬ͣ˳ʱҪȥԶլӣش϶׼˺óԵģСӣҪųԺشĲȡ

ûпԲصĵط°ʣµĺ춹⣬һߡ

ʱһҹǸװɣ彣ɣ˶ûпϣһ·Ṧɵһ֣һԵ󣬺˾ʧ˺ҹ
˰ɣСȡ˵žóһֽ򿪣ζһӾƮ˳

ϳԡһȷŽҧһڣ

լǰͣ£ƿҪͿ׺ͺشſڵԼ

ҹ¹Ⲣ࣬Ҳûʵ΢磬̹ܲǵġΧ쬵İ£ƻͨլԺԺſڵŵˣͷݺݵůһů
¶˺ܾõģҪˡ

ϲԵĲʽˣڹůţȽݣȥش˵žҪԺȥ

һסקһߣ͵͵ʵӻʣ¶٣

⡭ﲻصģӻеġ

ܹҸӣûΪҳ˽ˣҹݻĵطԾƣôܻʣӣ

ţ˵Ķԣ϶ˣ⼸Ҳ˺ö

شζӳ²ζúشլӣΪúشúã˭뵽Ҫúشﵹӡ
ҽ˴ҳˣ㿴˵Žֽ򿪣Ǻ춹⡣

Ϲʵ춹⣿

͵͵ҵģʹʳҲǲɣ̣ټϼҸӾͻˡ˵ִӻͳЩشﻳЩȥˣӦùϹӵĻˡ

֮ǰˣȻشԼͲٹӡ

ԶԶվţ˵ЩʲôֽشεĶɶǿġ
ʵڲڴ˵ı⡣




13.  ʮ    ֻϧţ

ֲɵÿ⻻֪˿ԼǸ޷ģʲôæҲﲻ˵

شҲν˹ģⶼϺõܻܶͨ˼һĻˡ
˵ʵôʳƽյĳԴöҪǲ֪ģںش
ȽȥˡشתԺȥ

ҪͷףҹġΡ̺ȻͬԾͥ÷ɴӲй˵Ϊ˿°ɫʿף԰׵԰׵ĴҹǳЦԼ֮еĲ˸һʱһͷС¹
ϹӱҹȺ򣬸еǼЦˡ

ҹɲ京ЦȴЩζ

ŶԶԣᳯ߹ͷһͬģϹ˵ãСŮ˼ŹˣվͲˣЩЪϢɣ˵ΪãӿȡΪҪ

һ⻰Ⱦ֪Ѿͷҹƺֻ֡Լ˹ʱʱļ䣬оееʧ䣬е㡣
СǴ⣬Сֻۣǹɷͬô⣿

⣿ǲʶþ˵Ҫ⣿Ტش⣬䣬ǽȥɡ

Ằһͷ

ҵǶˣطΨһˡϿң

ΨһˡѽǸôĿ϶Ǹ˶ôΣ˵ʶסؿڣҿȵ۾ͷ˵Ҳϧţϧš
æŲ·Ŀ첽ȥ

üԼգҹʱǰ׽ʱԼˣֻϧţ

ԱһҲ룬˯ôãڿǾĺţƣĺشв̣װźǷ飬źŰɣһظУһᰲȴڸУǱΪҲˡ

ش￴һȣҡҡͷʾ˳ᡣ
鲻֪źţȥɡģһլӴõģ⼸᷿ټվͳˣȹ󣬾ܿһƵլԺˡ
Ҳŵͷ˴飬µʶ˵̸϶໶ӭҲųˡ

ܿ˾͵ԺУţҪţȴקס½ǡ
ơӻóһ֡

ӹǾֳֻ˵ûءȥֿ߶ţžͺѽ⿪
ͻȻ̧ͷȣϹӿܽ⿪

ЦΪأ

ӡ죬Ҳⲻšܽ⿪

˵ⲻ±ⲻܽ⿪ܣֻǽʱִٲ֤Ϊա

áὫպã˱ܿʧںҹС

֮ᰲشһԼС￴鵯д֣Ѿ˯󣬳ڴߵʳ
Ҳûʲôá

ĵ죬Ϸƿš

ڸ٣֮һֱл֮ȥǵõӣҲָоϵĵңͼҵʵ׼ѹûⷿѾƿˡ

ͻȻһϤУԶԶ㵹Խˡ

΢΢üѰȥϷȵشſ߽

ưסҲĸôˣĪϼҸӻˣ

Ϸ˲ػźѾߣߵϹù˵ȥ졣

ϹùߵѾߣݺݵشơѾ˫ϥɪɪ

һģǾʳӣһѱ

Ϸˡ⼸ȷʵδ˿֤

ĸǽѵ˲ȥѵ⣬ỺĪĸһϢֱӰһüǰҲÿҪҪѽ

ᣬ㲻Ըޣ˵ŵɣ֪֪жٸŴ󻧼ҵŮĽ㣿

Ǽ޺ˣҲԸ޾ҵɡĸ֪ԹҳŮӻɼֻҪʥϴͻ飬һвǻлŮʮҿǷĵŮŮ

Ϸ˰죬Щûбȥһֺɸֵӿ
ΪǷĵŮҵŮѵ㲻û游û㸸ף㻹ܱΪƽᣬȻ˷ͽʳҪˡ

ЦСϧֻĸĸֳ壿վǰϸˣǺΪλ壬ЩֻԶףεĲԼ߼֮󣬴ĺô
ȥʮ꣬˸ʵеůͲԼʬҰʱûһνΪԼ˻
Ѿõ˴𰸣ĸҲ˹ңԾ֮ͥǰҲ˵˻ĻȻ֮ҲֹǼ档

Ϸգȴֲ֪˵ЩʲôЩҲȰҲͷûκθı䡣תһ룬ȻԾͥԲƤëЩģֻҪͬ˻飬ʲôı䡣

ɡϷһ˦ӣ뿪ˡ

ŵѾ߲֪ø߻ǲţϹùѵϡ

ǶˣæŹϣܵߵ⼸ƻ˰ɣҪҪȥߣ

ѽֵ죬͵͵ʵ⼸ϰˣլӿˣϹΣ

عūѾˣլҲˣǶ뿪ˣϹӣȥլӵļζûȥ᷿֪

޷飬㽫°ɫװùͳȥ
ͽֳ֮ǰ·ȥԼ·ˣһĪİȫУҪ°ɫͻҹ׵һ°׳ۡ

װҪţ˻ױϻײóһƱļҵˣǵ˵һºоˣȻģⱨ϶ҲǳµģóɱӿȪ౨ѽȻˣûǵûѽ

ȥ·С·ʱŶûô⣬ͨС··ƽ

ܿԽԽ֮ͬǴ˸棬Ϊ˭ڿǳһ̵ͷȥ




14.  ʮ    Сᡣ

ˡڲ֮ʱȻ彣ⲻǺ˵Ľ𣿡
ѽǼǵҹﻹŹ⻪ĺɫӣīɫս룬ֻں˽ϼ

ղŴҴһƳϸݣѲ⽭±ϳʲôأҡҡͷ˼飬ҴĺǺشҵģ

ֻ֪֪书ܸߡ

书ͦߵģǰô֪شﻹʶˣҵأǵˡ

ݡ䣬һ·լǰߵš

ֻߵһ£شʹţˣ

źشҶδһ㶼ϲҿǱء 

ϲڸո𷵻صʱˣ˵Ǿ֪ῴĺˣԼС񣬶ֻһͿʼԴĴҲǸСǣûΡ

Ǹով̫¿ѹˣԵΪƽЩ

شæŶӦǲˣҹȻܹװȻվ϶ǽ˽ġ

ͷҲǣҲǡ˴ҳĺҵģ

ȥ˶ĿջŸʾ뵽ʣشｻˡ

ЦԭشôϻأȵûĴƣϹӽɺãù飿

ûȺش˵ʲô᷿ȥ˿ûԥžƿ˷š

ͼȹź󱳣׼·

ԭشΪʩҪԼ·Լĸۡ˭֪Ҵҷأæѻ·£ս𣬻δ鲼·ʹ˽

Ķɤۡ

ῴڻ¼ĺ󱳣̨Ѩĺ㣬һûб뷨

ûһ˿ţƴ·׽͸Ц⣬ɿˣ

ԼҺθɡ߽ϣҿӡ

ϲװһμһװ

㡣ȾƣΪ⡣Ŵҹӻһӣᷳúܡ 
ȣߣմȥ䣬Ҳƽˣһֱ鲼·ѽȥƣҪμӿƿģΪҪ

̲סЦЦع¿ƿƺִ

ִҪһز֣ΪȻϣԼѡеǧһ

̧ۿȣǽ߿㣬Һθɡ԰׵ɫȳȥ㣬ӹɵð·á

߳ţͼشſڣͣ˽ŲϹӣҿиأشﾫͨҽЩкǧпƲˣȴ޸ܡ

۵ͣڰգ⻰ôôŤأ

ش￴Զæţ£ʵڲعһʼҪģôһҲûϿ͵ĸо

㣬عʲôʲôҹعһֱ棬ʹҲϵ㣬Լ顣

źףǣ£˵һ˵飬Ϊݱ֡

ôһ£ع￴еǲŻɲģƿġ

ƿ˵úأͻȻ׹һʼԼӷѾĻĽӽ˵Լǿƿعϧţ϶һٴ

£ع˽㣬ǲٻػӸˣҪȻعˡ

ûȥȥ˵һ岻ʣ͡

أأǻͱΣ

һͷ˱⼸ڻ²ĸ̾һ£뵽ǹһ£Ҳ͡
ȥŻӺĹ˵͵͵ȥҽƲˣǱ㲻ʣˣȥ°ɣҳȥˡ

˵عЦݵӣ˵ʱЦȫޣͻȻãסͦõġ

õˡȳţǣȺҾ

еã߰ɡ

⡭Ǻ⣿ȿһǣһƥûеƥ

ⲡӣ𣿡ͷһӡ

ΪӴСϰ䣬˵Լ书жߣǴθǰǴ򲻹ġ
ӣЦСᡣ

ǲˣҴ㡣ѽլԶҪʲôȥǵüʱпҽ㿴һָ飬ҽ̵ġ飬ҽ̵ĺòã

˵̵ˡ

ȵȡȿȷǾȥĽУһ˵ǲ£شｲл䣬ƽϳ

쿪ۣ⴩ѵװ˵Կη˵ûʲô£ʹŮװֺηҵҲҪ֮£ԼﻹͬҪЩ˻ãûȢҲԼÿģԶߣ֮ѵû֮

ȴûĻҲûмŮӣΪѾ㹻ˣعǲ

ãȻﶼ˵޷Ҳ޷Ȳţֵĺܷﵽϡ

һԾޣɳ۶ȥ

Ĵȵգᴩĺ䲻ͬѵõůԾذ˰ӣůԼ




15.  ʮ Ĺ   ײͷС¹

ȴЩӦˣӦױ࣬ǰ棬ʵЩ·ԼòбԴܿ壬ٶѽǿˡҪڣȴǰԶ˰ӡ

ͦġ

ں棬ôôгҲ˵ŮͬһƥڱΪټżȻһλĽˣߴǰСŮں͸ټˡ

ҲѽԼӵװ磬룬ʹͬˣҲӦǸߴǰСںɡ

ƥһǰһ˶ǵķУȻ˺ܶ˵ۣ֮ʴУƥȴ⣬ֹ󷽡

ͣڶһׯǰСǰкĳͣͬȷɹŮٷƣЩط

ĸȥ󣬰ûôţǰװŵʱͿŨüëСֻĪ죬ȴ벻λŹӡ
λΪԼѡˣߵǰԶ鲼ȡ

óõĳУλۡ˵ȥúܣֱеķȥ
Ժȥü鲼ͷѡСнȥߡ

ɫô
أҷɫΣ
ˮأ
洫Ůӵͣ½ŲվſڣѡеŮԵŮ

ÿŮش

ÿζʲôǶáˣƹģҪˡ

ﴩˮɫĸÿͬԼµŮӣϺõĽȹͷСɽΣ챦ʯĶ׹ǹ֮Ů
ǰҲμӹŮӵᣬȴδŮŮҪȻǲĸԣ˼֮ŮҪǱŮӸλĴڡ

ǰŶһ²һµԭǶ߶࿴һۣʱŮʮֽοɰЩϲ

ҵƹǸ̴ĸˣС˳ԥĹ˿ͺĳ棬һλǵﲻӣ֪ȤͣĻվһߡ

ŮӦͷڿӵһ˲ֻϻڣͻһͷС¹
Ǻˣ

ŵЦԣ·˵أԾЩ׾ˣƤ𪣬۴ʲôģˮĳýϰƣˮлǿѵʽʺϹʡ

Ϲ˵أͷ
ףأ飬Ϲȥˣ

˩ƥҲǸսûףūҲ֪

ڶزģǸʲôȥˡᵽɤۣиôģ߶žȥ

Ůӻһ۾УͻȻˣĲϣæ׷δ̹䣬ӡ

˺Сֵôûˣȴ޿κΡ

ߵüŮ׷Ѿ

ŮӸҪ󺰣ͻȻס죬һߡ

Ůӿ׷ŵŮҲżӣĵˣԼˣ֪վ͸ôš
˫ֱ˰סʹסˡ

ãΪû뵽ϵô󣬺۵ġ˷֡
Ůһ㶣ֹͣعһɵ磿˵ȥҸ˿ףΪһ鲼ۣ

δȻشŮߵ磬㵢ҵĴˣ֪Ҹղӣ

ȻȻһ뿪ķ򣬲˼ʵ˵ĿǸղ°׳ۣȥλ

ѽʶ죬˵˵ǺˣȢޣлԼ

áʵû뵽ߣСʳ軵Сʮδȶȴͬ൱Ůϣɲȥ
ѽŮӡ

ĹͰ˵С¹Ȼ֮ײǽֱͷѪ£ڰѽۡ

һյ蹦ĶñˡͷѽװȷЩڿˡ

ʮֲãҵĳлûأҪȥˡ

סãΪ¡

ʲô£

һڳׯһҪװʶ֪϶ͬŵ˵֮£ǱҲ£ҲˣȹԻǽ͡

ĺģΪΣ˵ȥҸ˿Ǽٵİɣ⼸㲻ڸУЩʲô

ȵ֪͹סĺġ

˵ţ۷˻
Ǿȣ˵߶˾͸ڷֿĵطȡ˵ֱӽ˳ׯ

ˣˡȶŽ˳ׯ

ﾪȵĿȱһ϶ģˣе㲻Լ۾磬һѽ

ǰ߽ׯȾͽˡ

Ϲӣȥˣ֪֪ղҼˣڶزģ˵Ψһôһкʧأ
ּ̫ʡˡ

ЩĻһһů䣬Ϊż֮٣۵׵ĸжӿǸӦ´ˡ
û취ͻȻʧģոջû߽ţõ˼ֻʧ˵

󱳵ֻһ϶ģ˳ǰ

Ҹڳׯſ˺㣬͵͵㣬˭֪û˵д˷飬Ͱ˸ˣ㿴ǲǺ񣿡

ῴˣۿͻȻʪˣʱֳҲԼġ
֪֪϶ɣ˵ѽ

Ϊݱ¶ͻȻʧ棬ʱ˵ЩȴеֲˣҸͻȻʧĻӣȴĪе

ȡ
һԣǵ̸뿴ȥֻ˹ǴóʱһֱԿţɸпֲڶԼͬͶԵԭ˵Ȼͬ




16.  ʮ    ӿɱǴ˺

ζЦ⣬λӸղʲôѽҾ˵ĺܶء

һֺǺǵǰҪҪˮи

ƹﻰȻ˵ƹģһֱϣĽߣ󵨴

еģеġæ˵

Ǻã˸Ұλ˵ģýڶԽһԷȹȹƵ⣬ٲ˸ʹ͡

ù⣬ƣСæš

ȴƲȿһȣֿͻȻЦҾú͹ӺͶԵʹӼסδСŮǰȥݷá

λأҼҹԹƧϲ˽ȵǰһٺݹҲļơ

˿ĵ۵£ȣǰһˣոչӷͬ˵Լļ⣬ҲˣɼӲǹƧ֮ˡ

ˡûʲô˼ѣ仹ԼװԵȹ֮Ůƺʲô̫Ծ£ղҲСС飬Թͺãɡ

ҲãѽиԤУͬӿ϶ټģʱ㶨ȻܾҡƤգգ۾תݡ

һóһӵݹȥԸ˵ƹ۹⣬λѡһЩϣۣȡ

Цӷİɡӣŷλ⣬ӿɱǴ˺Ե

ඥ˵оֵֹģǲԾԭԭæ˵ȥ㡣ɲŮٴ´δװŻԣΪá

ȵͷûȥϸŽУֿķ䣬εҡҡͷתƹ˵øˣЩͳ
˵ȥ

һȡƹ׷ȥ÷߶ɽͬϰߣɲΪ·ơ
ȴͻȻס𳤽ſ򣬡ƹͣҪʲô͸˵ӸĲ𣿡

ƹڶô꣬˹ģĳׯ᲻֪أһƾ֪ղ˲ǡ
ǵģǵģλû

޷Ժ÷һͬ¡

ƹĲԣȻԼҲ÷Ϊβֱ˽лȥ£Ҫһ

ѽ߳һקĸ첲һߣ˵˵ô£Ҿ߸ˡ

£ˡʣȥ

һҵʱ

عȥɡһžͿʼ˩ϵ

ῴȾȵô죿ǲǿˣûú

ǣЦţǡмҴųߴʣ㲻ˡ

Ƚݸ飬ֽ⿪һȻߵߡ

ƥڽϣǣ󡣶ůк£ϣְ

ȷŲƫͷᣬã˺󣬶Ҫúøл

˵˵Ӧš

ǣزסĸˣУԸΪ˻ӵҲǸأһԸΪԼ󷽵Ļӡ
ֺ׵Ŀ˼£˾ӾԶˣŮԸ󷽣ʱ໹Щء

ʲôѴСԸ

á
ȵȣƫͷȣͻȻ뵽˻һ£ǲǿæϾԼʱҹİ취ģͬΪ֮ӣҲһڲԼз˻飬˵ڲںܲٻǲҪˡ
ϼҸӻûӱ߽˵Щˣ̸Ŀڵᡪ̫鷳ӵģиСæҪӰһ¡

¶ȫͻȻãʱ˵һºоͻˣǲе̫ˣϾѾһˣƺЩ졣

ˡָǰ¥ֳ飬ת˵飬֪ȥҲģڣͲظˡ
˵꣬Ȼȵȥֳͬһ㡣

󴦴Уȵֱ۶Ӳȫ
ִһֱӵվǰ

ָżϵ˵徭ȫģһЩʺϿƿĵ伮ѡȥǱѡЩӡ

ŴǰС뿪һܵᣬȵͷԼã̾һ̧ۿĿ

ЩСҪ񣬲˵ɣֻ˵졣飬ѡҲ˵ȥ
ˡǡ͡סǱȥ

תܣĿеĿ϶Ƽ˿͵͵ĨᣬһҪǰȥ־òףһʱ䲻֪ǸȥǸüš




17.  ʮ    𡭡

㰲οһȴڵϵôĻӣɵֵĿһˡ

⡭ղôûģΪĵһ뷨ʲô£ڶ᣿ǰеĶǻӣôû뵽أǹҡ

ؿᷭһӣѡһ£̲סҪЦ¾˵ʱ򣬾˫죬͵͵ЦӻˣǵҲ̲סü۽ǡ

ʵǽ֮ƹİ˶ȥˣֻܴӣӶרģû

ӻû꣬ĶӹŽܣǱȥ

æܺĸ󣬾ûҪĴҵʱæļ

ûȥˣѡ飬뿴ʲô𣿵Ȱƿ꣬뿴ʲôĿС
ͷŵ飬ѡ𣿡˵Ͱ徭ͳͳһԵȻЩҪѡ֪һôƿҪĻĿ֪ܲҪȥЩӿ԰ɡ

õġ

ʲôã㵱Լ𣿡

ЩҶѾ챳ˡ

˵ûҪġ챳㡭ָָﱧŵ飬˵ı

üЦһЩ

᲻ŵ۾ȣ㣬˵Щȫ

šȵͷȫ

ƭˣֳôϻ۵ˣ˵Ĵ󻰡һⷭʮƪʡԻеȣ޵

ȣҲˡԹɣΪӣԻ
ֱӴᣬѺļֶ˳

ǵĲˣ
óһʫʳʱάΣ

˵룬Ըӡĵ짡ȴŵЦ⣬ʫšȫС

Ȼǡɣ˵꣬ӾͲعԶԵҪȥ顣

һˣԭҪ㿪飬ȴ뻳е̫࣬һء

ʶץסҪյ֣ˣ¶ģЩ鶼ȥжɺãȥԵ㶫ɡ

Ȼȣͷȥ˫Ծָʱ֣Եͷһһ죬æֳʼ顣

һȴٰȣǷϣʰãѡʲô㣬ȥ㣬ȥԺóԵġ

˵첽뿪ˡ

𣿡ӭ

ֱһգе㣬е㡣

ˣϹأȥӡ˵ţҪ

ˡס飬ϹӲ顣

뿪ͳˡ
عǲŵµѧѽ

֪ͲˣЩҵĳɾ͸С̾˿ſڵķȥͻȻʲôæȥٽ¥ƹһҪװʶ

ٽ¥ĳͣһȥǰԲһȥҲͰˣȥٽ¥ɲ¶ˡ

ɲɵģһվٽ¥ǰ

ĲƷĺܺã쳾Ҳߣ߽ȥͬʳеײ˸š

һ£δװᣬһʱûϡ
񡣡Ტܻ䣬󷽴кһֱԼ·˵⣬ȻװЩʲôóԵģ

ǰˣոպЩ˵ٽ¥ĸ㣬ҾЩȥ˵ʱһԵȡ

ÿεӣƽͷһμÿˣһݣȴ

ףϹӣϱߣǸϿġ
ֻòͬͷߺܿƿֿᣬ۴֮⡣

Ϊ˶Ҫ˻ֻһ鲼£Ҿ庮ԹöһֱԸ˵˻ԭ
̶һ˲б˶

ǰ϶ҲΪٸɡȻڴ񣬲һ𣿡ͬ׽ҲŴ˴νҹͳʳԭδԣȴ˲١

áҲô״Լ㼴Ӧˡ

˶¥ᾶֱߵλȥ

ȸ󣬾һתͷһˣʱԴһǣôˣǳûԵ𣿵ҲЩĻú;ŵܣˣĺܼˡ

˵ŻûԼһᶨȻῴ

ҧҧսȭͷȥؿھһȭ

ıӵҪ֣ȿʱһסˣȫ֪ôһ£磬ΪζԼȭԼʲô


ʲôҸ˻Ӿˣڻ㴩ĵǸ˼ңôƷ֮£ȴ󺰡

ٽ¥¥˶߿ƹüͷ岻ԣƽﲻǽܺôҪǰͱסȥ

ҲסˣȻ֪Ϲ׺һ档

ȫסˣԼҲǻõˣǶǰˣȲҶҲʣֻһ˫ίͰ͵۾




18.  ʮ Ż   ӲɽҲ

ץס죬ŵܣ˵Ϸ˵һյĻǮǲ

ϷֵʱһˣСһͬϰ䣬ŹиӣҲǰϷ
ȿһϵ鲼·ֿһԶָָֻķȻˣҲ֪ⳡϷˡ

ӱ𼱣ûӣⲻġ˵űӻͳһӵݸȡ

˿ӽԷ

ȵһ

ˣڹϷ࣬ⲻǼ鲼·һôԣѲɻˣ
ִӻͳһӣɹ

ӲɽҲûۿû˵ʲôЦܹ

֪ǺλȻֵӡʣ˵ʡ

ȴ൱ǻǲѧ֤ˣţϹӵĲŻǼߵĴ󻭣ֵӣ߹Щī޼۵ġ
ʾҪʡ

˫ֱۣ񣬡ڸУ¿²ùﱥ۸ˡ

ƹߵм䣬ʱ˵λ͹¥ĲƷ˾Ͳóˡ

˼ûܿɴҲûкöɿӦɢˡ

񣬡СŮͻˣ֡

ֲ֣ȻôԵͬɣǡעָĿСϣ֪СӷųԱߵŮӣ⼸˺һġ

е㲻ףϷλСƵģǸλŮƵģΪԼĺģȻҪһඡ

ŮӲûػǿһԵĿιٿԼҲǸᡣĵǸʲô׵ֹϵ

Ǿ͹ˡֱӿڣĺܼ򵥣㶼ͳǲȱǮƵģǰջЩȷʵҪʡһʡˣԼԵЩƷˣǮԩͷˣܾɵء

־ġ

治ɫԼӣ֪أⳡ棬ʵ̲סЦһ̧ͷͿԼԶԶԼ

ڴߣվ

СŲ裬λ͹٣ҪԵʲô

᲻ʵʲôϵصɫˣ

С˵ƷȫأϷصĳӣĿڣҪ˵أնͰնΪڣһô

ãʮˣ쳾һȥɡ˵꣬豭һҾлλӿ

Ӻˬ䣿ѿɺã

ϹѾ͹ˡȵļ

Ⱥݺݿһתӣⲻ۾

ƷܿСնͰն

һնУ㳢صص

ƽϲ磬治ɫؼĶУϸϸ£ЦĶǿСӵܵص

ۡ
ûסһڲˮ˳

û°ɣߵæóӵݸ

£ȵüǺˣǺˡӲϵˮա

ȳ˵עʱæһ¥ݿڵ𣬸һȥơ

ϵˮգһƣհѱӶͼСҴܹ˵ӣſ˵Ǽ£

һĪǹгʲô£æ¾Ʊ˳ȥ

һȥͼʲô˼
ô£

ŻӼ£ûеµӦʣ²˵

ǰҺʲôһأһӲûҪҸǮġ

þŻӸղѾˡµ˼ǣղٳǰˡ

˵ɶһûͨԼҲˣϷҲˣôǱˡ

ŻǶӶǰǼݡ

˫ֲΣ綼ô˵˶ȻĵѵԼܲһתǼȥ
˭ĶӶء

ߺƹĹ˵λѾˣ˵Ҫˣλá

˲˵ż⣬һ飬㿴ôݣɵöԵ㡣
ֽԼԱߵλϣûˣҲ³ԣôˣĸ˶Բء

ҪڣȻ˵ǾܾĻæ˵ӿͲóһ˫ӵݸ飬ԡ

˳ĽӹӣĵͷҶԣϹӣϲն죬ͶԵ㡣˵ּһŽȵС

ǳ鴤θҲһ󷭽ԼϲԵźͰѾкЩ⣬֪˵նòصˡ

ǣǿĹǣ˵½տôͲЩӲˣЩͺá
˵꣬ϽҨһ˿

ɶţҲӲԼϲԵʳ

Ƭ̺˷ϻʣ෹ˣ㣬ʣµķȥȻظٻء

֪ҵĻʳһ㣬ЩʳܳһʲôҲ֪һ̾ǸĺŮӡ

֮ǰͬߵ̫ԶһЩû˽Ǿʹڿʼ˽ɡ

̧ۿ⣬һٷɫѾ࣬ǸˣһҪͻȥء
á£ʱԺ̸

⻰Ȼ̧ͷһΣ߸ϵķŮԼԺ䣬ѵǹϵܵĽòŻ𣬶һʱһͬ÷Ѿ֮ˣˡ

βػ˵ұЩʱոͳʳӦ׽˲١

ҾȥҶ㣬Ժк÷ޣʮȥ͡
ЦĻģ˵СĽ˭ĪܺԼĽѾõ׽ʮֿġ

ãҵ㡣˵ת뿪ˡ

ٽ¥С˰ιõƥǣ˹

ῴ

Σ֪˼Ц˵αȹ࣬ǰ治ʣڹɡ

뵽ʱȷʵе㵲·ûٶӦǵʶڡһڲ֮˵Ҫ벻ȥǷסõģֻץס֮˲С

ԣھԼ·Ҫקˡ

ҲʮΣ˫ʱƺǰͬûʲô⣬ղȻǰˣȴˡڹԣҲûƽ⣬̫ͣʱʹץţȻҡҡλΡһ㣬ԼûʲôҡεͷͣоԼҪȥˣŲòץס·

ͬʱҲο˿ԼûУعҲûͬһƥľ顣

ʵ˲ǰҡζҵƽ⣬Ҳܲ

˵֮ףո˫ҲˣҪ˵Ů֮ѵھ𣿿ңԶС·ϣӦ˿ġ
ͷ㱧һЩСĵȥ




19.  ʮ ֹ   Ϲӣ˻ɡ

˵ʲôʶʵԼ϶ˡ

ȥһŤŤʲôû˵ԼһŮӶûƽϣһѲɻƽ

Ť˵֮ͽԴŮӣƽŮӣвһݾ⣬ЩԼҲ˵ĸо͸ˡ
״Īš

ῴȰβ˵һ䣬ĥߴɴһһַԼǰ

֮Ȼһ·ӦղԼ˵ʲôʲô£˲ʱ

NNǵ紵˵գȴʼմɢϵĺΡ

ЩգѵǸղŶҪá

լԺǰһͣ£Ⱦ͸æ֣л

᲻û£ֱȥںɶͷԣʣ͸æȥ

ȶվںУȥӰ˼þûߵš

棬һͲŷָ˼ҹӲˮվȻûй黹ⶼôż¥
˿Զٽ¥ĵƻ룬Ҳ֪Ǽ˳û߹Ϳȼ˳ٽ¥ȴûŮӣֵ˵ȣ˶ԶˣҲûŮӳȥ

¥ݣŮʳװۺõֽϸƷ˿Ӷ䣬ϡϡڵĲڸʽУװֽȻŽһԵʳС

ŮתʱⱾǾѽӵʱȴʹĶڰԼǱԭԼֻΪ˸羿ʲô

ɫңķȥĬĬ
һ谵ڣӿ˽Ųӭ߹һӣ泯ǽվǽߣ߹ӣټǰȥ

һ·ϣСĵǽߣһ㶯ԴСèű߸ߣ£ԭĺֻˡСèضʳнʳд򿪣ȡʳڵϣСèǰ

ԶԶؿ֪Сè˵Щʲô߽ŵǴԭأСèˣǰߡ

ſڣ˽ȥ

ӭ¹⣬վȥĴǰĸӳ

Ϊͨ˼ҵŮӣȴŮӣŮΪλʰʳΪûŮΪһҹ·ΪǰСĽЩͳͳ벻ͨ

һͨˣȻϲСèġ

߶ĸ֣˼Ļ˹

ڶգûһ߰Ūȸľһߵ
˼ԾƮͬһƥʱ龰룬ǺڡԼΪҪקԼ·ˣק˷첹ͺˣ治֪Ϊһҹ㣬˵Ļľٶ߳ܡ

ù緹⽥ʱ߽Ժ䡣
Щһᣬ˯ˣҲųչĪ֡

һֱǲţǵǰԼļ䣬žʱ֮ҲûһֱԲڴ
ôһ룬Լһý㣬ôãԼֺûˣûȥ̽

һͬȥɡ

лǹңȥˣһܿĵġЦĿġ

飬˰Ѹ˵Ժʯϡתץסֱۣߣʯ÷

ö˳Ÿ㣬ź÷ʫᾹǲ֪飬¹˲飬Ķ˽̫ˡ

ʫͷϣͼС˴һߴӰӳȴ˽һ㶡

˼ߵǰӻͳһֽЩɫĳȡһɷ˵˵˵ᣬǱ̸߽ɣôó𣿡

Ũصζ˴ݣеᣬܺóԡῴǰȴ˵ĻٴƺһôңԶ

ΪԼἤĻ˼ģӦƽ

뵽ĸȻûͨԾͥˣѲƶԼԾͥ˵˻֮

ôó𣿡ޱᣬһŽԼζûѽû£㲻ϲͲԡ˵Žֽ°ãŽ

㣬ˡʱ˵ףʱҪǶ

ͷˣңԺֻʣԾͥˡ

̧ͷǰϤӣһ˼һ⣬֮便û顣
ӦûеģǴСദ˵飬һͬˣ飬Ů֮İĽ֮顣
ͻȻ벻ͨǰԼôôɵҪصļ޸ò³ԾͥԼûһݡ

ֱʱԾͥžЩԾԭΪ᲻ΪòԼ߲˵ȴ֣񲢷ǺߣǱ䡣 
ᣬôˣ

۵׵ĹػУ룬ϲڵԾͥİɡ
뵽ǰԼǰһ꣬ϼһֱԸƳٻڣԾͥǱȥر߽ԼдŶʯ󺣣ʱɵɵΪæֻԼ֪Ѷ˵Ĳԡ
ӱ߽㼱ȥȴڽ⣬;ǿվڴǰһ죬ûȵԼȴͻȻʧȥʶʱѾΪ˹ꡣ
йãֻʣ
ʱֹɣԱ˴˶á

ȻһЦϹӣ˻ɡ




20.  ڶʮ ÷(1)   ỹûʼ

˵ʲô

˵ǣ˻ɡ

ԾͥЩǼ˵֪ڱ߽ʱô˼㣬˳ŸƤë㿪ģ֪ҶôŻ㣬ҴһӱȻ֪ΪҪˣ·϶ôˣʱĵӣʶᣬһҲżҵĲ𣿡

ǣڵ˻顣

ԾͥᣬüͷͻȻ֮뵽ʲô
ǲĸ׸˵ʲô˵Ҳϲ֪ģҴСûҪȢΪޡ

ǰһЩԷԾͥģȴûʳڣԾͥǰҲ

ΪԼûһԴԾͥɡ

Ӧкܶ¶֪£뿪˳͢ȨģЩԷĸ١ԭôʱǵĹѾһ

ЦЦϹӴӽվͿʼɡ˵תҪݣԾͥקסĸ첲УҲͬ⣬⾿ôˣǲһֱܺ𣿡

ʹУϾʱδ˺Լ£ԴԼġⲻζ
ԾͥңܿͻˣǲǱ˴˵ˣҵճھʹ˽

ΪϽٽˣŻôһġᣬҲںʲôŵڣҴС϶㣬Ҳûı䣬㲻ںĸ˵ЩʲôҲҪںôҪҡʱԾͥĲʧȥᣬȻ˵С

ǰˣĳŵֱģڵᣬֻ뾡˻顣

ţŴʱ˿˵Щ㡣ǣһǲı˻ľ

Ҳıɻ⡣Ծͥ˵ļᶨ

εҡҡͷ˻ǣʱ򣬾ͬǰԼľǿСģһ߳ͬڵԼʯĳ

ԾͥļᶨҲϣĽԼ䵭㲻ѽԭֻҪӦˣӦòѣڿȴôס

Ϲӵ˼֪ˣҵ˼ҲϹӣȻ̸£չȻءһתԾͥûֻһ뷨ظȥԼĸף⾿ô¡

˻û㶨鲻ѣ뵽ղԼӦҪȥ飬ȥĹɡ

סԺ䣬ڰҩᣬһ¡


ϲЦݣֻǰȥ
ڴ˯ˣտѾ߿ˣæ

㡣
ſ߽˯ţǵԺɡ

ܿ˿ʵĸֻһѾߣ

ѾܺˣҺﶼܸɵġڸѾȴڵʱ򣬶֪ʼе˾һ룬ļճҲܲãߵһȥҪصİգ׻ҪǮƽ׾һЩ

Ƕȥٽ¥ģԭѾάĵزżҩԼϣ֪ӭԼ
Ȼ˯ţҸ

񣬻ȥ·ϣЩζҪɢɢġ

飬ȥ˵һ룬ͻȻͣ
ԭҪȥԶլɢģ뵽ҹЩε龰ֲȥˣȥɢĵ뷨ˡ
û£ݰɡ

ᰲڷգһߵԾͥٴһӦԵĻô˳˻İ취

˵죬ԾͥûеϷѾߡ
зӣղμ÷硣

ùһۣŮᣬ룬ԼλҲѽΪҪԼȥȥȥʮЩ綼Ҫμӵġ

ˣ֪ˡ

Ѿ߸ոתͻȻ뵽ʲôȵȡ

ﻹҪԸģ

գˣ

ûûСѾԴ˸ῴһߣȥ

˵ϹӱϷ˽ˣϽҲסĺܿ졣

ЩܣԾͥȻΪºϷֲˣĲ֪ԾͥǰԼģȷʵϣһ˻ԽԽˡ

ĪЩ̫ͻȻǡԾͥбһơ

ڶգˣѡһɫȹ٣ܽ׹Ʈݡ
ó˳ë硣ǰȥׯȡʱһĲ÷ԾͥĳƤë硣
һʱƾ˼ֹҪľЧףҲӺݻ
ΪƽǰڸҹŮǰͲʾӦˡ

ȼǵǰûвμӹⳡᣬ֪ǲΪԼˣԺܶҲű仯ˣα仯Ӧöǰ⡣

鸮ſڣó
Ѿ߲ڣƽ¡ſӭ͵ļҶ˵

ƫͷȥһӭ͵ģеѾ߱סеĸŽȥˣǿ²˵ӵġ
޷ͽܷƵʵˡ 

飬ʱ̲ȻظŰɡ
˵Ͷ˽ȥ

ǰԺУȺңüͷ˶ŮӣǰǵŮӶɡ

ڵ˵Ӧǵһβμӡʮչͽӵ˸׸սϢ֮ܳһʱ䣬ڲУԺЩӣҲ౻Ƶˡ
ʮ֮󣬲ŽμЩᣬʱԼϳϷûʵ£ÿÿʢװϯ԰ŮУȴŵĿ
ǻδ޵ݣЩӸΪˣǰԼŸںԾͥ¡

ǰԼμֻ֣ᡣ

㿴ǳƤëԶ
˵Ͻפرֻ߽һźƤ׸˱£һŸ˷ƽ
˭˵ⶼǾֻųƤë
סɣƤë׸˱£˾֪ģǰЩڱ𴦵õģҲֻ˽´Ҵģֻƽ
Ϊξ͸ң
㲻֪𣿵ϽƤ׸µʱ򣬾˵ˣţһŸδĶϱ²ҪЦ
ô˵пϽҪּͻˡ



ЦԾͥϽ̬ȱ仯Ѿˡ
һʼԾͥȻһ˺ĸ׵ķԣϽźԼ׵⣬˼˺Ϸ˵ķԣǵĻºǼ֡أԾͥ˵ˣʱ˵ҪȥݷϽԾͥԸֽ޹󣬲ѽˣԾͥҲѼ

ԾͥϲϽϿɣﶼὥʧ

ƽˣ˵Ļÿ
ҵ˵ˣɥ£ȥ˷ƽ˵ʹǴһТҲڲס毺õòأ˵ϹǱãӢ²һŮӿ϶벻ۡ
ʹٺÿûˣ»𣿡
꣡ôʲô



ȻСἴʹϸҲˣҲ֪Щ˽˵Щʲô

ɴ㿪ȺԶһЩԼų磬̫ۣߵһ顣

ɴ˺ʵλ£÷߶ĬĬϵС㣬˵ʽʼ

ʹˣҲԶԶضָָ㡣

ⲻỹûʼѾȫΨһ̸ۻ⡣״ίʵû뵽ġ

ڵȵŮһҷ۳ȹϹע߲
¡ʱڣ÷ڣλμСŮᣬϲϲǣ˴뵽Ĺǰԣ֮

䣬С̫Ĺ

ӦȥҲƹȥǣǰûлᣬܼ˵еˣȴڿʱʵһ

һ˲ڳׯŮ




21.  ڶʮһ ÷(2)   Ψ,ҡ

ԭŮӾǹĹ֪ΪΣʱҪĵĲŮϳԼ

룬Ĺ롣Ůһ

ûôɣͼĹƹæͷϳʹϡ

Ĺһǵ˶߿˹ŮĹҲǾŮӵ𣿡

Ŀбӵᣬ۵Ц˵ۣǾۡҹŮΨ,źǻϲ

ԭᣬ仰Զ˵Ĺʵڲô룬ǿ˳۵ˣʲôҲҲܵǿ˳۵ģɽɽҲһۡ
Ȼ֪λӣǰȥʸȴﲻϾ¶λŮʮֽ裬˳

һԵڿһ˲䣬ɫ̾ͱˣһϳǳ磬͸ʴ͸ǿƤë޶¡

ԭƽмɫɫǱȲԼģԼΪôܸһкŵڵŮӡ
ԾͥԥľܾԼŭѹҲѹס
ŮӾһɫ²վδѣаɡ

˵Цˣҵ۾ѵϣлҪ֪𣿡￴ϵСӰ

η˵ʲôҲʵĻֻõһۣϵĲˮһѹѹ
÷磬˿Ůⳡ÷Ҫģġ

գڻ̽ӸԾͥһӱֱ߽ȥ˷һ˵Ļ˻ȥĲҩ
˼ǰ󣬾ӦǳƽϣǾ͵취֪Ѷˡ

ȥģΪľϺúýѵ

˭֪ỹûʼأƽĹۡȥûͨƽﲻôϯЩãôͻȻء

ӣ۾ᣬԽԽÿϧ˵úõһôͱɸŮأ

뵽ԼСͺŸҪã缰ڳԼĸۡŸҲҪԼĸۡˣΪȴֻг޺Լĸۡ˵ҪԶ磬ָ߱ϲˣûЩҹŮء

СҹӶţëҲճׯһģ˭֪ˣʵǿϧѽ

ǣվͻ𼱻ǵҾŻ˵£Żһʱ򣬿źǸˣ˻һʣǸˡ

֪˼ĿιԭŮӣ˲ŻӶʳеŮӸ⣬֪ŮװŮǺͷĳԨԴ
һҪ÷磬˴зĲμӣ̽һ£ֻû뵽˾Ȼֻδ˵ƽ

ЩģƽͻԾͥ£Ҷ֪ƺλƽЩ˼˼ãǾԼҸ粻ˡ
ܹ飬Ҫ˼

ĹĴ߿ԼѾ˳Щ֣̿ղĹԣûдԼƺЩʶˣҲձֻýⳡˡ

ܿ쿪ʼݺ棬ƹѲ΢õ˻ƲҲʵʩˣֻųע⣬ϯ˭֪£ȹҪͿĹžƱҪԼ߹룬ˣ֮ĲǾǰˣֻùԹԵš

ã
һᶼ

ͣסŲͷֻηҲ߹
Ҹոʱ㲻ңƫƫҪôԶңǺѽ

ηƲ֪Ϊλ࿴֪ʲô飬Ըһ᲻ڻ£ǶԸʳ谮ãͲˡ

Ҳôĵ磬һתͲˡη˵֮ѾߵԣԼϵϡ

ŮҲæ˵Ĺǽء

۽ȡ£ӸηŵŮҴС;Ÿ㵱Һһġ

СͲϲ㣬ĸϲδף޺󲻵һͲˣ˵գʹʣáЩĸܳ裬ֺ̫ϲãƲԼԴԽԽ󣬸ȴ۰Լ֪ǳԼò͸ʻ̫ʱ̫мơ

ȥԣҺ̫ӸһֻͬС¹Ÿһֻץ˼ֻɽˣ

ƣ˺Щ

ҿƣɣã˭ӽ˭ӿ˭˲֪

ԭĹһͬҹŮЩţΪдţ˲ϣһƣȻˡҶЩƣô˵˵ž˵̫Ӻˡ

ǻ̫Ӹ㣬Ǿѽ˭׼
ŲأףĶСĽʲô³𣿻ûףָ֮ǰôô

⻰һڣηȴԾĿᣬǶ»ѽԭҪģԾͥսӢ£䳡ϼεͷøʶΪԾͥģҲֻгһԾͥܶԼĿ࿴
ƽСϽ֮һͬ䣬ؼ˵ãһͬԣ
ȹ˭˶ȹᡣ

壬СŮȻȲ
⻰˵ΥĵúܣԭļƲ߾ϱŮӸ裬ʫʱԼһȭ˳֦뺷󴫳ȥȻԴΪڣ˵ԼȲׯҲţϽδٷԾͥټˡ

˭֪ĹͻȻˣͲǱ뺷뺷ˣСܱܲס⡣

ʲô㡣Ｘм䡣

ֻӵڸȥˣʵǲףĹڰԼǺԼ

͸ףĹΪ˵ǿǸ߸ϵĹڳ˭˲£УѲͷдʤ𣿻Ĺ￴Լһʤģ 

Ȼö˵ˣ벻ƽһ𣿡ηƷǳϲǿѣѱ˲ڽµĸоֵԽ£Խġ

СŮ͹ˡḣҲѽֻӦ˵

㾡ó汾£أҲҰô
ᵹһĹܲȻЦЦ⻰ӦǰģֻϣĹ˵䡣˲ԾƵı£ûڶˡ

ǰǺ԰ÿüĶʤηãȥտб
ղѵӣؼô

ǰѹ޻񶼰ںãĹм̨ǰһѹ˵㣬˵




22.  ڶʮ ÷(3)   Һ

ηߵߣƽЩһѣ
ĲȻԽԽġ

Ҫ˵ʮһβμᣬŶʮǰμӹᣬҲͷһĳ棬Ż̿⡣

ҵġߵԣͰԼĵ˹ȥǶ˵ģȴܴ
˵ǲأӮ˺λʧӣǲǣҸŶó汾ǴȵˣôŹڴˣΪ֤ġ

ֿ˵㣬˵˵ĶԲԣܲΪ˾ͼǺ˰ɡ

ѣС˵žʹһԵļһѹǿʼɡ

ѡһѹ絽̨ǰ¨һ֧׼˳ȥ֮ѣ֮⣬һʱûӦ

Ĺ޶֡԰̫ະ

òѽжҲüĲԶˡ˵žͳһ֧׼Ƭ̣

顣԰

ηƵĿԽüģˡ

ֵˣĶǺȻĹҪӮǲѽ̫ƫЦúֲ˹ӣ˼𹭣׼

ƽ顣
԰һηƵͲˣû뵽ᾹȻҲϰ˺þõġ

æ˵СŮ鼫󣬻üĸ
뻺΢գ˭˵һһۣôž붼ء

⻰һڣɫˡ

ЩĹûƢ

ȡ
η𹭣ƽȺȵһ࣬׼˺ܾã

üģ԰̫

Ⱥ֮ʲƮ˶Сǵ⣬ǿҪӰѾŶ

㣬ڶֲſʼ˵ӮδһЩɡһ䣬Ĺļͷȥ

Ĺ֫
԰ȺУЦηƸɴЦ

ߣҸղǿˡ˵žߵߣС˵һֵļǹƫ˰ɣǲǿһ㣬ֻµµѽҿɸ㣬ҪӮͱ߳÷ˡ

ҡտڣҲֱ߿ˣͷһ׺ݵ

˿൱ΣλϣôͰˣ룬ǵڶ֣ȣΪ˲ĹӮһְɡ



ƽüġ
˶԰ȥֻֻһ

̾ͱĹߵǰȥһ㣬ôҾ˵ӮһЩƽڿƽ֡



ηðʽһ񣬡ౡһ

üͷ
԰̫໰һ˶ŭ

֣ȨüɢԱһվ

ῴֿηƣĹﲻ𣬵ڿǱҪһˡ

Ƭ̣Ѿ˶ǰͲһ֧б𹭣ֿңǰת⣬³ۣ۽סüģʶ׼ʶ

˴Ŷ̫

ƽüġ
䣬ֻüĽ֧ڵֻ𶯣֧

ͻȻߣʵ˭ļˣ

̫࿴ļٳٲһ龰̾ˡ

ηƸæ˵µ֧ȻƽġձԹҵļüģȥļ

㣬ҹŮڳһ飬ڶüģüͷƽڶֵֶüģ˵˭Ӯ˭䣿ﲻʾӭȥ˵

üֻҵļ

Ǿûǣͺ˵ǲǣѬ㼫أϲδѬ㣬Ѽһ֪ź԰̫󺰣Ƕҹ

ηƽź

ŵĺ԰С̫ҲվҲǣɴڵء

ãҪҹȥǲǣ

ģֲϡ

û䣬üĵļҵģηһָᣬȲԼ֧

ηĸ˭˭Ӯ˭˭Ӯý´ԾͥĶ

㲻ǹǲǣãʡҵĻķ˭ȥ˭ҲԼȥ
ﲻʱҪοǵأᣬܲζ϶ΪԼڶͬ˵ЩŸӮģӮˣȴܳϣôԣ

ãԼĿԡηƵǰȻعˣٺϸ˵
ҹŮڱҲͬʳ谮Ĺֲ죬ֻԼ˲ɸıʵ£Ϊ´Ծܾͥɡ

ÿҽֻҪһࡣƽüʵ£ѾӮˣҪüΪ׼Ҿķڷ
ɲԸϲ֮˿ԵˣһηƾҪǰȥԭͿߣղŲۣͣѹûעǽѾԽԽ˭˶ǰһƣηƽ²ȣҪббˤС

ʶץסֱҪƽ⣬̫ۿ˶Ҫ

˵ʱʱ죬Ͼģһƴļͷ뿪Σգתȥηƣ̫ǿηֵһɲǣ֪̫ˡ 

ͨ
һһƬң˵˷

ʱֵ¡ʱڣ۶˵䣬ҲǶ˵䣬ȴϱߣ˱ֻһ㣬ס˵ײѣ̹ǵϮǵ塣

ˮпɣԭȥȰĺˮһ᲻ͣţۿҪˡ

ԽԽԽԽԼίҪûԾͥǲǾͻϲԼˣ뵽סˮı䣬Ǳȥؿھһš
Һȥɡ




23.  ڶʮ ż   ع˵˵ɡ

᲻˼۾Ƿߺ޵ףԵĲĹԼ

ߺˣֻһԭˡ

ǰԼȥףϷȥԾͥʱһֱΪԾͥûаĽ֮ģΪӱܺףڿԼˡ

кܿС̫࣬ȥιȥ

һϰԼ˴멣ȸһع

̧ͷһĹ񽹼ĶԱߵŮ죬ϽΣǻع

ãعװɡ
ʹһǱҲʱ̹עߵĶʵڲף᾿ʲôԾͥΪܾԼ࿴

ЦЦĹĺ⣬ˣͲ鷳ˣɨ˴÷£ʵڱǸǡ˵ͷҲصȥ
ﲻĹҲʸǷ˭飬ֻǾ£ԼݵȷЩΣʵڲʺٴڶǡ
ȵ˻֮ˣȥûʶĵطʼµ

Żʪ͸뿪ӰղԼʱĳĹվԭأܲζ
ع
û˳졣

ķȥϵ˶Ŀ࿴⣬ȫֻ㵽ůĵط

ع
˺Լģûͣ½ŲԽԽ졣

عôˣ׷ǰ

̧ͷһæ񣬡ĵ¡
ĻͬԾͥǺѣȥʱĻҲڣӲţǰƫȺ

ԾͥĻӳʱǡÿԼȥҲͬ˵һ仰

Ļʻǲܲģͷ˵Сĵˣ¡

ĸ磬ʲô˭ѽ
̧ͷĻܹˣǽ»òãһһʮ㡣

ߵʮܣȥ⴦Щ飬ܿ

ԭ߻ӺʮӣֻԼЩĶǻӻŮ

Ǹʮǰһĸ磬ҪȥʲôҲҪȥ

ʮܣˡ

ĸ磬ȥԾҲʲôҪ£͸һͬȥɡ߻Ҳ߹˵ 

̧ۿţĬĬǼ߻Ӻʮӣڽϼˣߣʼҵǲֻϣܶ

ҲʶˣЩѣҰŽһ°ˡ
һ㶣ո˵û£ôҪŽˣ
Ļӣû£ȥæɡĲٶˣվĺ䡣

ҲæظϷ˸õˣߡȻɷ˵ǰȥվԭüͷ塣

λѽʮӴĻߡ
߰ɣġ߻ЦŴ߹ֻҲЦݣ

û͵һۡͷһϷдš֡

Ļڸǰͣߵʮȵһ

ʮӿ˿С˵ĸ磬ôû㲻ʲô뷨ɡ
ǣĸ磬ɩɻһֱǸɲˣȷмɫΣ֪߻Ҳ˵

Ҫ˵ǷƽԾͥδޡ

ʲô
߻Ӻʮ뿴ᡣ

ǷĵŮֲԾͥСһ˵𣬾ϲЦյģԭλѽʮޡ

߻һԲ˼

Ļע⵽߻ӵ飬Ȥ˵˵Ծͥģ

߻ԣηһĸͬĸܳ裬ʵ۶߻ӵϲȴһ㡣
̫ͬߵĽЩ׸Щ·

ʮӵѽĸģֵܼҲ̫Ӹۡ

ˣȽȥԺ

Ļķ߹滻·ɣΪ㰲š

ĻȥͼһŮӭ߻ӺʮӺɩ

Ůӿһۣ˳ضĻӸ
ãλƽˮҼ·ϰɡ

ɡĻᵭһЦ

Ļ󣬽һ᷿ܿŮ·

Ļѡһɡ

ˣɫľͺá

Ϲʱ㣬Ҳʲôʱܼ㣬û뵽ȴڽգºϹӽãȻܵ㡣
Ļһߴһ߻Ů

Ϊˮѽ

ᣬŸ첲ЩŮ·ĻʣŪȥ뵽֮£Ʊػᴫʵʵ˵

СŮμ鸮Ůٰ÷磬ĹҪͬСŮλԱԽ֮ͬҺһͬˮСŮɨ˴÷£˳ˣǡ·ĵ¡

ǿ̫СˡĻĻһ䣬㲻

ỻ·ŮΪ˷٣Ļȥ˻ʮһƼߣ󿴿ҿ
Ծͥ÷ԾͥСڲƭǵģ

ЦЦ˵˵÷ܲϣ£治֪λػ

ʮܣǹңôʵֱӡĻЦ˵

պЩˣҲЩ˶ĻӸ񣬡ĵ£дţиˡ

ûĻӿ˵ʮӾͿ˿ڣѽĸһ÷˰ԾͥҲ֡

ʮܣҽ粻ͬ˵𣿡߻Ӷʮʹɫʮȴգգ۾˵ʲôˣ

ῴֵܾ䲻ԾͥʵڲˣЩˣﲻĻӣĻ˵ˣΪԾͥԭĻӲԸʪ͸л·ҲΪԾͥʮӲŻһ÷
ǳһ죬Ҫ˻£ᱻֻ֪ϣʱڽϣ⼸λϳʱ޹Ҵá
֮ͬԾͥйصˣҪܿ

ϹӱϷ˽ˡͻȻڡ

ʮԴԶԶԣ߸磬ϸ˵ģ£ƺʲôϵ˵Ĳҩǲ߸磿

߻εĿһۣæʮһߡ

ĻӲɫ߻ӡ

ҲеĹϵ߻ӶȻ֪һЩʲô֪ǺιʣЩ鲢ûи߸Ļӡ

عЦˣظɡĻ߹·Ļʱ˵ãдߵܺʮܡ

ڿ뿪ˣǣĻ

ڴϣʼһԱͣµһͣҲͣ

ҡͷЦЦعܸ˵˵ɡ

ǡӷˣֻ

ǰߣСԱߡ
֮ǰȥżȻＸΣÿζûл͹˵˵

ͷš

ԾͥͬûʲôʮҲǵ;˵ȥ

ղỹأôĻҪԭҪЩ͵ġ

ʵѾûбҪˣղںһУ֪ʮ˵Щǵ;˵

ԾͥһƬΪĺѣȻϣճɾǵȥǴ᷿ǡÿǰԺԾͥǻϲӡ

Ļ˵ĲʱԾͥҪһͬȥˣģȻϲ
ĵϣճɾ𣿡




24.  ڶʮ    ҹô˯ţ

ȻϣĻͣ˽Ųᡣ

ȻˣСŮҪĵʧˡӭĿ⣬򶨵˵Ըδܳãǽһᣬϲ־ͳ˵СĵҲ˵ЩСŮģЩܿЩģҲá

һϯվԭأ֪˵Щʲô

ĵ£ˣԼظɡԸҪ뿪

һ¡

ĵ»ʲôҪ˵
ĻӾһ˻ݣмĻᣬ˵Ҳ޷

ղŹĻˣֲףһָһ

ĻӻǴɰʵ׵ӣ֮飬޷˵ֻʵ˵

սĸײĸѴ󣬶岻ؼȻܡϽսԺգñϼֵʢСŮ겻ܺ£Եң֮ŵνϼ»統ǰ㻶ϲ𣿡
Ҳ˵󣬾񣬿¶˶Ž˻ҪԼĹŮ˵װɡ

üκʵЩˣعԸ޸Ծͥ𣿡

ЦЦش𣬸ȥ

жҲ֪Щ˵Щ˵

ߵǰȴһҲȥ÷ϵ£ܴĸʱһ˵Ƕ㲻˵ģɴڴ֮ǰԼѡ

תƥլȥ

ţߵŴ󺰣ش￪š

ûһ㶯ŷŲۣ룬ӦǳȥˣԴȺԽԽ˯ܿ˯ˣԺ

ڸλϣС̫ѹסļǰóϥǺ࣬ͨһڵء

ƽ֪

ʲôԺλϵˣֻվԾͥԼ

ƽ·ϣºͼɱﵱնԾͥ͸ĶĤֽŷҪɱɱ

˵ûУ˵ȴԼվС̫ѹţôûãһʱļžžµ

ȥʩ̡Ŀ˵

С̫ཫȥһھ޴Ĳյĺ

˵ӽȥϡ

ȴ˿ʹѹͷĴǣԽԽȣԼҪˡ

ععǰͻȻбĴУȻѣزǰʱ̽һ Ϲӣ

УղԭǳΣµĴںƬʵǻˣشأ

֪شȥ˵ϵ£뵽϶鲻ѣᵽլӣŴæ˹
Ҷ鷳ƣȥߡ

ŶԿףʣվȴϷȣӷ£ȷ

Ѿˣǽȥɡһ§סļ򣬡ﲡˣҷ

кŵؿڴĳ˿ֲԼϵĺΪ˻ǱʲôԭֻϢһ¡
ܵر۾ѹϣԼȥ

Ȼ䣬û̿̿趼ûУһ䣬ô䣬ҹô˯ţ

⼸նסԼϣȻҪ̿û˵ᰲԼϡ
䶼ûʰعϢ

˵굽شķȡ̿Ӳů

ڴϵ壬ʱѾˣ䣬ӷΣĶۣܿͿʼԺﺰ䣬ϲͣض

ȸϺ񱻣ˮʪӣͷ

ƺûʲôã֢״һ㶼ûл⣬Ժк𣡡

ڡ

ȥѺش

ǡ

Ÿղ˵ᣬżСʱԼ˲˲֪صķ纮Ҫ

뵽𼱴Ҵ÷ϷһУʹȭͷ˵һЩʼվƷвտΪԾͥȻ˵زʵڳϡ

˿ӵĵڣشˡ

عùã쿴عˮ

شĶƬ̣æһҩȥץҩ

ùãعΣ

ڣ·ġ

һᴲߣ㶵ؿţʲôҲû룬;ÿܰȡ

شｫĲ££û˵תȥˡ

ԼʱĽˣشӭ˹ùҩ˵ʱˣտعɣºֻظɡ

áȸɴ˵

Ҫǰ˵ʲôشסԺ
ֻ¾ڻȥҲģɡ

չع𣿹ùãǹˣˡ

ôͲˣشһ𣬡ѽûɶ

ɶֻ֪ӹҲտ˲ˡŷŵķĲˡ

شļ򣬡´Сܿ࣬˵˺ܺãȴ䣬õΪҪΪôع

˵ˣϸϸƬ̣üͷ̾˿¼ڣҪ˵ף˵ԼҳϦͲҪŮˣȢס
ԼǾȤ浹ˣǣһ룬οء

شЦЦ룬ףֻǲãֻߵ˶ã֧֣õΰأԸ⿴ŵ¿Ļģ

ҡȻϣ¿ġ˳ưﳤһ£ҵúú룬󣬵¿ջϲһʹ˴ס

شһԴǴӣʲôãҼҩ

תǵڶ峿

ԺۣſԼߵ飬Щ㱡ϸ룬ͬĻӸǺӦûظȥԶլԺôߵ˲Ǻشأ

˶ӣĴ˿ⴲȻ죬ԼĴ齡

顣

˸Ƿһˣ̫ˣȥش

һ£˭ķ䣿ǵجξѺǿף֮䲢С

Ϲӵķ䡣
ûп˼飬˵ŻңҵȵҹҲûϷҪȥ鸮ңˣĹģʹ˺öණϷ˱ô£֪Ĺˮˣ֪ǲԸȥԾơ
Ҵ֪ңģʱСģ⴦լԺ֪ġ
Ŷˣʱ򣬿Ϲڸιҩش˵ѽﲡ֮ϹӾһֱڹߴ粽չء

ӡ䡱һˣجξѺվǱ§Žݵġ




25.  ڶʮ ۽   ϼ𣬻𣿡

ϵؿڴ˿ĳУˡ
ĳĿɵλûµĸûˡ 

ʵ̫ˡ͵Ľͷϣ棬ֻôնֱȵġ

ô

飬Ҫظ

е㲻ףǾϷ˵ѵ綼ҪЩȥ

ˣȥ

ǹﻹţҪҪشϹǲҲҪ֪һ

ҵĲѾˣ˭֪ᣬȥɡ

ҪߣشͶҩˣ龰һ
Ϊģ

ҡҡͷشȥˣɡ

شҩߣҩˡ

ҩĿζ˱Ƕ

űӿڴǣشˣӱһСԴҪȳ۽ٺҩ

еģеģشס죬ĿڵʱǡЩȥá

شߵԺУͼվԺ߿
ղſȥˣعˣ

ӦǸѡش￴һС۽Ц˵عҩ࣬Ҫ۽أҶ˽ȥ

ָӱߣֻһ£شͣס۾ͷе㲻ŸղǸǰ֮ġ

ȣǡҪعһ΢΢ȭʳָ׵Ǽ⣬һֻСĶ۽᷿ȥ

ˡ

ɡΪǺش۽û˵ȹǳЩ·źܲ

˵žͿʼϵ

عһ¡ȸæ˵

ӡ䡱һͣ䲻̧ͷĬһԵıǣԼƣֻһСֱʧ

ѽ˵᷿סģ˿ĿԼʲô

ôˣűǵȡ

¸ţõӦʽġȿ˵ع£ҷ۽ͳȥ

뿴һǷ񰲺ãȴû졣

üʲôѽⲻǺ¡糣ɫе㲻գǰ㣬ôʱ糣أڼѾ˽ӴֹһŮˣԲžѰ

ȷ۽һߺش·ﻻϡ

˵Ҫȥȴڷſվס΢΢ת壬ԶԶỺԣջδлСʱķˡ
ŶǵãҪС

᲻Žë촽΢ţ˵һ仰ˣŮ֮Ҳú

͡лҡû˵꣬ͼԼ߹

ץűǣһһŲȥ

ķߵԣ·ͣƬ̣ҩ롣
ҩˣȺҩɡ

һֶҩ룬һ˿۽

ֻǿȣԾܾȴƱʲôסˣҲ˵ˣҲᶯˡ

ڴˣűսʤ
ͷϹӡ

ɣ

ˣ۾˴סôôͻȻιأ

е۽磬ǰЦᣬѽҪ˵Ļ˻ȥ

Сʱ˼ûҩȣҲû۽ɳԣܶζԼˣ˭֪үңһˡҾͻҩ֪ҩĿ࣬Ҳ֪۽𡣡
ҩ¶ȸպãȡ

Ȱҩݹűһ

ǿࡣü

Ƚӹҩ£һ۽

ϼ𣬻𣿡

ͻȻЦˣЩΣЩһ˲䶼ʧˡ
ˡ

Ц˾ͺãղóȻͻˡ˵žҪȴͻȻʵҼǵù˵ģǴ˼ңôСʱûҩأ

ȵЦݶʱͣסǲȻǣʱҼ£Żصĸߡ

һ˼Ҳȿܱĺãҡ

һţ˭˵ͲˣعҪң˵ĻǺ׼ġ

Ųǡ죬˻˲ɣּҲõȣ֪ĸֳûܹǰֻԶڵļңڵعԼ

ô˶㲻𣿡ʵЩࡣ

ƽݣֲ۸ֻûںںҵļˣܽм𣿡ʼ磬ֻ˻顣

Ҳش˵ˣǳ͢س޵ǵӣ÷ȾﷺᣬԼԾͥĸ飬СĵʵԣΪʲôҪ˻飿

˭˵÷һҪɻˣҶԾͥɲǰĽ֮顣شĸɴࡣ

ĽЩˮ˲ʧȻЩʹشΪ˻飬شҲ˵ԭ
룬ѵӣΪŵ⣬޹ȥ̫ǽ̫Ϊٷ˵Ҫ󣬼޹ȥ̫ԼֻϷ˺Ů첢ദ޹ȥ̫ġ
ǲԾͥûаĽ֮顣֪Ҷ˻Լʮ꣬ڲ˻飬ȻΪ˵ĸ⡣

ῴ˼˵֮ǰһֱΪԼϲģ֪ϲŮ֮ϲЩ飬ʱֹá

һ촽ͷСһȵ½ǣҡţСŮǵȥ˵СŮѴԸ˻ɻ

ȿ½ǵ֣ǹЦ
ʲô˵

ϹѧʺãִϻۣûʲôȲСŮ˳˻⣿ 

ڴѴҲ⣬͵ڡ

ֱֱӣ˵˸ĸ֮ý֮ԣ޴£ٻԼ벻ȫˣǾ͵öԷƷʧ˵ֱ׳

۶ԷƷʧĸͬ⣬˻Ҳѳɡսλü̳У˵˱ؼѳɶ֡˻֮⣬±˵Ǳ壬Ҳôȫٹķ˻顣겻£ʥϴͻ鲻ơϽûּͻ飬ɻԸ󡣡

µ⣬ϹԸ⣿

һۣ޲𾪣ʵû뵽Զʳǵϵ֮ˣܶԶⷬ˽⣬Щô֪أ
ԵζԷͻ֪

ȵһЦҪȡ֮ˣôҲҪԳ֮˽⣬ʳǽ£ֻҪԸ⣬ܴģսع㱻ΪƽϳƤëȴδἰͻ飬Ѵ
Щ£ѷ

㲻ǿϧˡ
̾ԼǰʶЩЩɵ֮꣬ףǲǾͲñݺ
תһ룬ԼҲǸⷬġ˾ҪײǽͷѪſϻͷ

ĵӼʹǻΣֻҪǷͼı죬սɱУܱãϹ˵Ҹ

˫ѹļ򣬡Ⱥú˵˳Ʒ£˻֮£ʲôҷſģҶùȫˡ

Ƕû˶˵ůĻɿĸоˡΥİģڸĸֳûٸܹ

ΪǺýҪᣣ½ֱץס
ʲô취أʲôڶֻʶңʲô취أ

һĬԹǮʹĥ˵ѧʺִϻۣȻܰá

ӣʵҪ٣

ֻҪ˻öӶУ֪ԼĴ

ȥվ
һۿڵʲôΪ˿ģֻܼ˵ѣÿ˵ܼҺͯмվ͵ˣˮ֮ӿȪ౨£͵±

ᴹô죿Ҫ뿪ˣ

ǲ᣿һζס۾

벻ᣬе˵ƫͷȥܿҪ˵ʲôȴ־ҲԱԼ˿̸ӵɴ෭˸ͷڱ

Щף⾿ỹǲᡣ벻أܲļݣһӡ
Ƚ˻֮£ǵúú֮ΰˡ 

ᣣҩ룬ȥһ򿪷ţһشЩ

˵鱸Ҫݣͱشסһϼƣɴſڷſ͵

һ䣺ôˣ

Ȼͷ˵¡ȻţҩŵشУعѾҩȥš
˵ȥߣ

ͺش͵̫ãһ£ȴȥıӰٿķţ˺Ĭش﷿СȥǿһӻҪ˵ء

߳լԺվ
¡

󣬸оٰᣬûӺҷرǻȥ˵лϼҸԺϽضԾͥ硣
ȥ˷¸ĵʱҡ

Ҫʶ᲻򵥡ôˣһԸףϹӣΪȴع

ЦҪһϷ




26.  ڶʮ    Ϊɡ

ҲҩЧԵ, ˯˰һ۶ӾͶĹУ顣

ͬش˵˽ʱ, һֱڷ, Ằæʵ, ˣɾ·Ѿãūźϡ

ʱˣ

ʱ

һʵƥ׼ˣЩԵ, ǸϿظٲȥĸøĴѰˣִ󡣡
·Լͺ, óԵĽ

Ҵææ·, ˿춹⣬߳Ա߷ԸȥϹӹ

÷, شʱѾĸУȥ, һҪĿ籩ꡣԾ֮ͥ飬ƱҪ׳ı֮ǰ֪ǧΪ˻֮¶, һƽ, δƿӰ׽;Լɾʹˡ

Ϲӳȥˣûص

֪ʱ

˵ǰ, δ顣

һȰɡ

һȣ͵ȵڣòٵˡҹ˵ʲôҲҪĸǰظĸ֪ԼҪӣԼһݽȥӦˣͲòȥӹйص
룬ȻΪԾͥĻԼô˳˻֮󣬺ĹӦҲʧɡ֮ǰֻȶ㿪ϲߣ˻鲻˳ٴӳ顣

飬ñīֽ⡣
׺пȥվ˲ΪԼ±飬塣
Լ͸Ҫţ֮¸֪ˡ

ϹӣӦСŮ˻飬СŮмһ˵յ֪Ϲӣƻ֮£в鵽ǹΪѣСŮȻ֣빫ӦУɻ򲻳ɣ޷ΪϡᣬСŮã¸䣬лظաӼˣסڴ˴

дãشҪߣشﲻĲ飬ҩ裬ŷȥ

һС˿ˣһ·Ϸ˴ͨ

ţҲֱϷ˴ȥͨҪȥϷԺ˸š

С˵ĺԺз˶֪ԼӣܿҲˡ

㻹֪ԼأϷĹصڵϡ

ĸôŮΪڲŻ

Ȼ˴£»

Ҳ֪վ˵Сˣ

ϲ֫վϷߣû˲ӣǵȥ˰ɡ˵궢鿴˿¼ӣ˵ķݡ

黤󣬵ϣ˵ҪСģطа˵˲˵ĻСĻȥ˷а
˵Цһ£ҲǸ֪أ״͵ĶƷھ˺ͱ״͵˵ֵһĲ졣

㣡Ķţȴط˹

бطһۣȻû˵ȴܲѺá
ûٹᣬϷ˸񣬡ĸȷʵڿջһⲡĿȥҲ졣

ĸôһ˿˿Σ¾仰˿ˡ

˾͸ûظôҾô

ԭΪĸһ䣬ԼǷвСʱĸ˵ĮвҲǾľҺõп
ĸеվĵŮݣ͸ؼ鹴ҫɡһͨ£ôĴء

ҳĵطҵĸĸֳȻȥˣЩȫأĸ˵ǹҵĸܣỹǵĸСʱҲ۰ңѵΪʱҹɶԸⰴĸԸ밴Լ뷨˵𣿡
ֻҪһĶԴԼ飬ǵŮƽֻᡣ

˵ŮӣƽռҵŮҲĵ£㿴ʲôӡЩֵ뷨ôðģҪˡ

ѽʵģһһҪ֤ʲôأӦˡ

Ǿ˵°ɡ

ĸ÷֮£ѾõϢԭิӣһͲ壬ĸȱʴ£зִ硣

Ϸ˵ᣬִ磿ʲôִ磿̫ͷĹ֮ҲҲϣΪֺĹͲϧҽӽ͵ػˡ

һһӼˣҲȥ

ʲôȥԺУĹʹ˶ٶ۰ĹĹ㣬ȥ˵һĻôͲȥˣϷ˵ĹʱǻһЩ

ĸ֪Ϲȥ̲ҩģûʲôԣ

Ҫ˵ʼ۵ġʹϷˣ¡Ϸ˵ֿˣ˭Ҳȥ˵˭Ҷ۴£ֻǷ˲ۣ

ǡش

Ҳеĸ˼һΪؼҫ֧ţȻףԣֻñ
˻֮£Э 

ᣬڿʼֱػ㶼еز˵ҲϷ̾һҹˣɢ˰ɡ

ȥҲԼԺȥ

㡣

ͷӭȴֹʲô˵޷

Ƭ̣ʵΪλϹҪͬϹ˻飿

ʲôһӾЦˣˣҪ˻λϹûйϵ

š˵һͣסˡ

סļ򣬡Ҫ˻鲻ΪʲôˣΪҲԸ⡣ΪҵģҺܿġչ˺Լ˻˳ˣһΪȡЩҲġ

Ҳ֮£Ȳ÷ϣ֮ҪСġ

һСĵģҹˣȥЪϢɣ⼸ڸеϢÿʱҽơ

ͷȥ

һصСԺϢԼݾ͵˴ϣȭͷŴﲻͣ죬ôô졣

ĸҲ̫˰ɣĲǳһҲˣǼˣ϶ûкùӳԣǲҲҪѲƤ

£ϴڴϣսգ廹е飬ӦҪúϢӺ˼룬һҲͣ
ֻټˡ

Ժ˯ţͻȻĺѡ
ˣ㼴̽

ô죡ӴһССƽסܷսһιʹһȥһΪĸо˺ܲǾ
Ҽǵǰмɫ·ùһϴװ硣

ǡ

Լһ߽ȥͶԴ̫ร񣬡õˣСŮˮ̰˯ˡ֪ɰ

С̫࿴һӵᣬб۵б±ӻ

СŮͷˣСŮһֱ̫ˡ

վڻĸͶһһϤĶֻˣ

ֲɵڲͣѵˣҪֻˣܶһ١

̫ô˵̬ȹȻͲ٣лΪģɡ

̫װӣУ̫Ҳ·

һԼµѴ⣬۹˵ĻҪӦ£ûжԴԵġ

ܿ쵽˹ſڣ̫


˳ظ̫

ûһ󾭹̧

ӵĽ졣̫˵

ͷ̧ͷֻԶߵټĻʹȣԼСĺһ

ָоǺأǰڹżĻӣûо߸ϣڹϣԶԶһۻӵĽ죬;˵ĸ߲ʡ

ڽϣͻȻвսͬŻˣ˳밲ԭڽбĿ񣬺׵Ļ

ƿ͸͸ȴһסôôأ½ҡҡͷﲻܣֲģƿͷ˿ԽԽ
æʵôˣ

ƿһߵĽ˵ȥŮǲع

ع֣һоԼ߻ħˣ⹬ôعأӦǡȥ

̫࿴߹չйͣס˽ŲŻػ
ȴ߽֮ʱȴͻȻתˡ

ʶͣ½Ųʱ̧ͷֻıӰ

ôˣ

Ҳ֣߹ģôͻȻˣӦˣǼ߰ɡ

ҲǾˣԣæ˵£ع

һûô򵥡


һܹ

ȥһºλعΪ𣬽ĵȥŻӴȥ֪ĸһ˵ұŻӲסˣЩȥ밲

ǡ

ټԼӻΪʲô˽ĿԸ飬عȻûҲʱ𣬽һԷ飬˶

ĵŻӴȥķ߹

̫һôˣӵΪƵƵڹеľ飬˿Ůӡ
˵δʩ죬ֲţһ㾫ҲûУƽ˼ֽ֮ĪһĻӣһŮӣʲô뷨ɡ

£

Ǹģʵ

Сġ

һ⻰֪ûҪٶˣǰ÷£˲֪˲ἸۣϸУںˣԼҪע
ˡ

̫ǰߣ첽ŻӴȥ

̫¹ǰһ¡˵žȽˣһͷʾԽȥˡ

̧ȥߵǰ뻹ǿһˣǰߣֻվԭصȺ

ˡ
һشüĴϾһʵ̫ͻȻˤڵأľѣüģ˻ۡ

£ⵯ΢ƫһЩ۾ҪϹˡ

ôÿ׼
ηƴӺ߳Ů̫ࡣ

ڵصæ˸֮񣬡׼л顣

ϣû뵽ܹ˳ͶˣΪĹΪԼݣη˵̫ʦϣŮݹˮ

СŮңȷʵСŮˣаٲ֮СŮͷش

ηƺһڲˮ̾һΪˮ

ˣæͷס˭֪Լ빫ˡ

ηƴ̫ʦͷֻüȹںһ˫ߵЬ

ˮϳ󣬺ѽˡҲǲԣеĺɻأҿͦãȥһ죬Ҿˡ

Ȼ̧ͷǰ߸ϵŮͱˣʵҪ

Ҳ˵᲻ˮһ죬Ҳö

ϣ⻰ɲ˵ˣϹҲҪˡ
ֹס°ͣ˵Ϲϲǲɴ滮ΣҼ䣬ôأ

ηվ˵ɣѡһ

ΪܱȫԼû뵽ûãҪԼôûõġ

֪Լ㲻ɴվ˵ʹˣԾͥҲҪģҲǱˣԶ㣡

ž
ηһƴϣҾ֪ղŵĹɶװģѡݰɡ
ذ

̫һذףηõذ׵һ˲䣬ֶᷴ˹Ծη󣬽ذ׵

̫Ů

ȥҽηƴ󺰵˫ȷ˵裬ûЮֹǵеıᴥƤľ

վסذֻѪˣٶ˵һ䣬һݹֲ顣˵žȻỮһηƵĲ

һصˣ㲻һ

ᣬ˺Ҫģ֪֪ηƾŭٲʣҲټŭᣬֻͼȰ衣

ҵĸ׸ΪսɳҵĸײʲôҲֻ֪֪ǲˣҵľҲͲˡ

㾿Ҫôηʵ

˵Сֳϰգèٳ˵飬ûɹʱ񾭣Դתô죬ûһС̫ĸηֵһذס

һӻͳһҩ裬͵ιηηƵעذϣûӦѾȥһķذ׺ݺһͱ

ҵʹӸ˳ʱصڵϡ

ηƶذף󺰣ҳʲô˵žŻȴʲôҲ²

סѪֹĸЦηƣʲôպشҩ裬˵ǶҩֻҲнҩˣΪɡ

һôֻҪһֱƭ˳˻鼴ɣʱû˻Լĸûҵ˵Լ͸Ҫˣ͸գߵԶԶġ
ֻΪּҶԶǴլӿϧˡ

ƭˣ̫ҽ
ҪԼȥǲǶҩǣȾᣬȻٵǰһ״ҲҲóҩǣɴԼٲϳȥˡ

һ£Ŷӣʹĺͣһ˵ ̫ҽûûõġҩﲻҳֻֻҪҺúûţÿ»ᣬҩֻҪ·ýҩɣ¡
ͷϵ亹ͣҲδѣֻҪһҪȡ

ھͰѽҩңηƸᣬ֡

ҩϣҲڸУң˭ҲҲǻԣͲ¸ࡣ

ǹΪһŶҩסˣ㣬ʶȻҽΪҽⶾ

ͷڣȥɡɿЦû뵽֮ø졣

Цʲôηƺô˵ȴŵúܡ

й㣬ܿġỹЦЦ˵׽ŪЦԼΡ

ӣǸӣ㡭

ء
űһקηƵĻ

ſڿȥֻ˽һǰĳһ£Ӧ󣬾ܵߣǻѪľ
죬̧ӳ¹̫ҽ

Ҫ̧ȥηҪͻȻʶԼĶûŪỹ

ָηƵ̫ˣΪؼңعǸ׷ôңʲ㣡
żƣٺηƶԣҴȥ

һߣηƼ̵ڵأָһŮ㣬ȥ̫ҽ
ʲôҲ˵շһû֤ʹΪ˵ûΣʾǲôΪؼҾңǶǹȥˣѵΪһ֮λɣ˵̫Ӹ˵Ųء
Ψһ֪ľԼϵĶҪô⡣

ʱӳ¹ſڵʮֲʱ;鲻ȥĹæ

졣
ԶӭȥڿʱһЩˤ

ͻǰס¡

£ǵĹʱվˡ⹬ߺܶ࣬һһҪСġ˵شʱĵѾúܶˣʱá

ͻʶԼӲ֪ʶعĹҲףӺ͹У̫಻ͬΪӲɡ

磬ƫҡ
ֲ֪ڣ˵ˡ

ãҽҪ˵λЩأæ
ŷƽڹйѵԸ

ƾоףǽŵȭͷǽŵ亹üŬڸǵĽ

һġ񣬾˰̧Լ᷿

ֱ̫ҽ˵û˵ҪҲɵģʧѪ࣬Ҫʱһ治룬һô
ĵһҲ١

̫ҽŮΪ˿ڣƫ

ãعôˣȿ߽ӭȥʵ

磬òһŮҿŻ˳ۣͲܸҺúñѽ˵䣬ﾹȻۿ
ҸŶҪǱҿɾҪˡ

ҲãӦһЩ취˻ġ˵˵عôˣʵ

̫ҽ˵û˵ҪʧѪ࣬ҪúˣҲȥˣҪּʣӳ¹Уúˡ

£Щ˵ãҲд⡣ڶ˵ֻĹȫˡ

Ҳ㴦ԭҪҾŵ˻һµģڻδȥĸ밲ˡɫѾ࣬ʵûٴȥˡ

磬ϴξŵʱһλһ˭չعһǵøŸ˵ôлҡƲ죬磬̫ʡˡ

е㲻ŵ˵˵ŵܶλ

ͷҸоӦû

عﺰ񣬵Ƿչ飬òˡȿڵķ򣬡ζлˡ

лҰɣҿɲΪ鱻лȥҾŸ£ع˻鲻ˣ粻˳١

ȵͷתӳ¹ȥ

ûߵſڣͼӭ
磬ô£ô˵ôô̧һˣѪġ

⹬еϢ죬˵

˿첽ݣҡ
˭ѽҾ˵˻ҴȥôǲҲйأ

ټƽŮװλ֪˷ʲôƽͱˣҪüʱϵѾûˡ˵Щļ¡

õҲ̫ˣô˵ؼҶΪ͢͵ġ

ȵΣΪʻδã㼸հˡ˵߲˶սˣˡ

ΰ죿

ȿһɫǳ˵һ˲ܲĸ밲ӦյҺվٰ˰ɣ롭



һ˴ӷ֮߳ǰأȿζЦЦҪ븸ʣعӳ¹ˣҸ㣬չˣҪǵøлá

˭ৡһ¾ͺˣȥˣҲ֪ŮǷҲڷſڣûȵˣҸ̫ͻȻˡ

ȿķӦЦռλ
̾һŵܣˣҪ˵ˡ

ǾŸأã

ļͷ⣬㻹ǲԼɡ
˵תȥԷġ

ȥ·ϣֹʵ¿ȳԵ㶫
ˣ밲ܿ졣

ٴˣ˵ֻҪźŵʱ򣬻ǾԲȵġ

Ҳ⣬ȿһֻвˮԲߵڶĻߡ
ĸ밲ˡ

΢΢бۣһΪ㲻ء

ûӻ磬ʵĸɻֻ̩ʽ뿪

㸸ʵĸءʳԱߵϹùãߵбţڻ²ټ㣿

ʲټ

΢΢ŲһӣԼ
˵ټһ̫ӡأܵűټҪȥ밲ǡ

ĸ˵βټ

˿Ҫġ㣬ǻĵġһȣֽˡ

⸱ӣ͸ñ¶һƣȥһ˰ɣ²Ϳ쵽ϦˣҲڳϦȥ̽һ̽Ҳ֪ʲô

üĸѾǺ͸ҹӷӣڸоٰᣬȹȥ¡

ȣβ˵ˣҹܲˡ

Ӳҡޱ飬£Ӿ͸ˡ

ĵĶԴǣȴֻҪܡ

һ¡

ĸк£

̫ҽԺץҩɺˣȥץһЩ
⻰̾һÿ뿪ʱضҪ˵Ļϣһû

仰ǶĹģǶ˺




27.  ڶʮ ĵ   Ҿ㣬ûͼ

ôڹ, ̫ҽԺĵת˭֪, ĸ׻ҩжֽš

֪ĸԼ, ʻİѻλԼʱ, Ҫ뿪ȥأôãôܿŵϻλ˲ԼĶӡ

ΪһӶһӺԣҩ֮, Ҳֻĸɡ

ԭǲ֪ģһιдҩˣ˰ҩȥץҩô, ôܲϤζ, ҩζԣҩ֮ǰҩҵ, ֪Լôʼղúת, ΪԼȵҩ̫ҽԺҩһζĶҩ

һʼΪ̫ӵںԼϾֻԼһֱܶĴ֮λûв, Ǻܿÿһ밲˵仰, ׹Ҫ˲ǱˣԼĸס

ôˣÿ仰ʱ, Ķݺݵһ¡
ھȥ

ӻ֪˰й۲죬ûȥ̫ҽԺҩԼ˹Ҵ¸ȥԭŵܣ밲ʱ꣬˵ƻб䣬Щýս

˷¸󣬴ӺŶ룬ĵڵ
¡

ȥɫ멣̫ʦϣǰصĵ˵ɫôˣˡ

±ô˵Ϊ·ǣĵ顣

ԸȻ֣һӹ

ĵڵϣŸ̧ͷȣȣĸ֡

ĵԭ͵ȵϴ¹Ůһϴ˻ʺķҪȱС
Ǳ̫ӶֽŵģҪʲô֪ʱȴԣ˵ķۻûϻʺͱȥ˽ϴ
ĵʵ޹ȱ㽫͵͵˳ųȥ

д¸󣬾Ȼ⹬Ů˷¸ͷĵ

ĵž֮˵ԸΪڷߣΪκ¡

ûӦҲûֻܾÿ¸󣬶ĵΪ裬Ҹ֮УĵȴԼ֪Ķ˵ȣͳˡ

ȵһĵ֮£Щģ齻꣬һжᰲ׵ֻҪ˵衣

ĵ

ߵſڣֻͷȻñŸƵĵ
Ը뿪¸ҿΪ

ĵһӾ͹˵ϣ¿ū澣

Ҿ㣬ûͼ㱨ҳһ꣬Ѿܶ౨𣬹ˡ¹󣬾͸ǷˡΪҲΪµı𡣡

ĵһӾᣬŲǰ±ߡ

ֻ֪¶ҺҪٲǷʲôˡ˵꣬תȥ

һֱҹ

峿صƤܾûزܿ죬зһɽһӿǵĹԼ֮ʶԽԽģ壬ƺףһƽӴͬ

һĻɣЩ֣Ϊͷ󿴵˻ס

תͷ˿ܣ̾µĶ౦ľΪ˿Ϊ磬ɴᣣߵױ̨Ĵֹ֬͸Ʒÿһֵơ

룬ĹĹŲһŴĶ۳˺ƿӿһ£Ž£˿ڴźİײƺѪ
ֳʱˣѪˣֻû뵽Լһˣôۣ׺ֳսжۡ

֨ѽűƿ߽ŮˣǿĵܹҶȥ빫

ܿͽˣŵߣ죬ίӣعҵˣѾȥ̫ҽûʲô

סۣӴ

ʲôס㿴˿ڶѪˣ£

˫ְסı۰ֹԼ¡
ңСŮ治֪θлʵڲٴ߶ˡ

Ȼ֪Ҿ㣬ҾľˣǲǵñﲻʹؾܾԼ˿Ѫ

ɽ𺣣ԸΪῴ۾˵ĳϿҡ

ã㱨ĵһ£ˣϢڱס˳סĺ󱳣¡

Ѿ˸ʣӳ¹ˣģܰȫ˺㡣

ۿ죬ԼĹ֮Ե͵ôİЩܳ

Լмӣܿġ
ˣþͻ㣬ͲįˡôǲǺģǲǺԼΪβˣ

ͷЦЦճׯҴˡ

֪˾ͺáϴķϣұˣ˱㡣

ˣǺ⣿еɶͷԡ

Ͳùˣ֮ڿʼҵˣᣬҿôɡ

СŮ֣̿Ȼԡṧ˵

ˣ縮ϰᣬҪȥ֣ܵŻԡ

̫ҽˡ
û˵꣬վڵſڵŮ档

ɡ

̫ҽֿһҩ˵ʧѪ࣬ҪϢжҪ飬ʣʳ嵭ʳͣż

̫ҽߺַԸӳ¹ִ¹Ů̫չˣԼһͷߵſ۷˵ҪϢˣˡ

ĳһӸſڣӭӱ͵Ļæʹ˸ɫ

ǰҾᶼҹӣûŮӡ

ֲ֪μᣬҾ֣ҹôҪᣬ϶ûô򵥣ȥ硣
ҪȥҾŸ˻һ£վⳡᣬȷԼĲһû

·ŮӲ˸

һͶ˵㿴Ҿ˵ÿ϶Ҫ

һƨϣԵҿû˼һΰᣬܲ

վǰãûλãӡ

֪ȣ磬и뷨

㻹Ǳ˵Ҳֻع¡

ع£͵ҵġߣҡΣҵĺ磬һװͰҰλÿɺã

ãôװˣҲûʺװ

ﴩãôͲУҲ봩˭˵ûʺϵװͬ൱϶õ·Ҵͺˡҡ첲

߹󿴿ҿ˵൱Ī۾⣿Ϻܶ࣬װͻأ㲻еġ

Ÿ磬죡ﻹ磬㸮ﲻв÷̸ҸһҪྫϸܴСҰڽ￴Ϸ𣿡

ҡҡͷ

Щˣھ͸Ծͥ˵ߡһҪȥعǵӣ

סҵĺã֪ڻݱ¶ʱҲµⳡǸֺ֣޹أǲǸã

ô޹أҲæӾŻӣټϱ谮Ĺ¿϶ܳɡ

⻰üͷһ£֮ȻҪðæȻˣ㰲žͺãʲôʲôҲʶ˵
ȥһװ

Ҿ֪ˡ˵

ţһ·㰲λãҺ;ŵȥǰ̫ӺҲӦÿ쵽ˡ

ȺȳȥˣҰѽ֮˵븸

ߵڵ仰΢ҲͬμԭЩûɿ˵ҲûɣþͲһˡ




28.  ڶʮ ̫   öĵûģ

Ⱥߵǰ, ̫ͨӵ

Ļʱȿӭȥ̫, ܲҡ
Ȼ, ȴû뵽̫ʵЩԤϡ

̫еĸλ, ˿ܣôλܻܵû

Ӧÿ쵽ˣ̫ԺϿʼ
̫, ԼǰſڵȺӡ
һӭͣһ߿̫ӵķܾý̫ô򵥡

ȵĵ̷޵, ΪԼǴα׷ɱ, ǰ̫͡

¹ϥʮһӣΪ̫ӵһްˡ˻ӡʮһް, ʣ߸ӡ
̫϶Ϊǰʺ, ǰʺźɻʺĻ˻ʵҹŮ΢߻ΪʹȻݸ߹, Сʫ书ǱȲڵ֡ʮΪ, ̰öĻ߻ʮӱ̫£

ĸͬͬãܳ乬ĸҲ˲ֻϧӼӶȶȺáŻ׹, ȥˣŻȻ󣬵ҲѪͳʼղûʵá

ֽ˭˲֪̫һ֮λģҲˡ

ΪһĸͬıõӣȻҲΪ̫ӵжд̡
ǵˣʼ£ҲΪ̫ӵͷ󻼡

͢½̨̫һĹ̰֤ݱȲΪֹ֤ݽʵۣ̫Ӷ˰ߵϸڻع³ʽ֤ݵ·ϣ𲻱֤ݣЮܡ
ϸȣԼڰ·Ϸ

¹Ҵϸ˭ֻ֪ҵһʬ塣

̫Ӵߣ飬ΪĿĲֶΣμᣬԸֻȤѡ

ֻϣᣬļƻ˳ʵʩ¿ϲˡ

ӵ

Ļӵ

߻ʮӵ

һյ裬λӶˣȼԾͥû˵ʱЩĲɡ

ܣɺã̫ӿһֱſڲػʵܣ

ø첲ȣûȻع˵ܽտɫ

ܽоתȴǰˣ̫Ӽ¡Ȼعæ̫

޷ʱˣῪʼɣһΰᣬҺڴ̫˵꣬ȶԻͷ

Ὺʼ֣

һ䣬ͼԾͥ˽һĲǷȥ

̫ӼԾͥȤĪǱ߽ͷԾͥ㿴ʱɣơ
˵ǷĻȴ׽ϼ̫|˽֪

ŮƵݵԾͥǰԾͥƱһ̫˵ĶԣϷ

ٽɡ˵

˴δӱ߽׷Ϊɽ˵֮ǰٽǾнʿ˽³ƺֽʵš

Ծͥʧˡ˵Ÿ̨ڻҾ

ŮԾͥλϡ

̫ЦԾͥΪɽûף㣬㵽Ҫúʹ͡

Ծͥл̧̫Ծͥ

֣תĹ輧ϳ

ΧŸμĸҹӷ׷λӾƣ֮Ҳ໥ٱ

һθ̫ĴʫԶΪ⣬ԾΪ⡣䣬ʫò֣һƬгҲſģӣ̫Ӧֻ֡

ҹãżʫʫֶ࣬˱ҪԲյ־ƣǡô˾ͨɣŮ̧Ϲ٣𣬸ƽ˷ŵ

̫ӱһᣬͻȻʵɼãտһ

񣬡左þδ٣̫Ӽ¡

ֵ̫Ҫ˵ʫǿܵģ㸮ϻĵ̫࣬Ǻ۾һһҲûֵ㡣

̫ӼЦˣܽ˯ʱ࣬ѵʱ٣δˡ˵

̫ӴЦΪˣĵܣʫһװɡ

ˣ̫Ӿ̽Լ֪ԼΣԽԽˣԽԽˡ

Ļʫ̫ӵʳϦǰҪһֱڻ²ҴΪʵģϦڼǸ
ܣΪֲٰɺã

ӿһֻۣҡҡͷϦ綼̫Ӳٰ죬ÿÿ̫ܵͣôøˣ̽
̫ˡޱֲٰ첻á

ܰˣ֪˼㻹°첻ã̫һࡣ

æ˵̫ǳߣ˵ʵ˼̫Ӹ˽⡣

̫Ц⣬˵ûʧǲ֪١ŵܣ˵ն˵Ļ漸ѽ

ü̫Ӳ̽̽ˡ

˵Ȼ档һԱʮӣʮܣ˵ǲǣ
꣬ЦЦƤ˭ᣬ߸ңȻ߸㡣

ʮӿ̫ӣҶ̫ӸġĿͷֳϾͻô˵

ָʮӴЦҾ֪ʮܱ׼һ䣬߸˵أ

˾ŵܱˡʱ̫񣬡Ǻʱ˯ڶîʱ֪ܲˣʲôҪġ̫øأҵֵ̫ܶհ

̫հ

̫ӴЦˣǶΪʷǣΪ͢ЧΪı

ڻ̫͵¡

ͣˣڽ֮ϵļλ˵ЩʲôµĸҹУ͸ˣֻ֪еڣۿԾͥˣôʲôҲûأ

ȿһ۸ձ˾ƣֶ˺ЩƣԾ̫ͥ˵ճ˷¸ͷĵΪ̫ɡ

ã֣ͬ
ֵܵĿ϶̫ӿźܸˡ

輧ӵһṲ̊ӯ貽롣

Ůˣɫȹɫ٣棬칬϶·

ȿˣֻλӺҹӶĿתضţڴò

ˮŮЦȻ˿ƻӰãƮȻ

һֱ۲Ծͥı飬ɫ糣ȻҲĵ¶ݺһĨޣܿ͹ƽ
вмֵǣû뵽Ծ̰ͥŮɫ˵ǲ̰ŮɫɴǺ޲

ܣ¸ΪҲûȥô֪һλɫŮӣ

һͷһȴ̫۷ŹضĵҪ˳Խȥһ

̫ӣĵɴ棬̫ûע⵽
ڱжˣ̫Ҳ̰ͼɫ֮ˣôŵ˻ء
öĵûģû뵽ᶯĵȴġ




29.  ڶʮ ˼(1)   ˾硭

ĵ̫, дЦǲС

ЦЦϾƱһٿڻӺҹ, Ŀתĵ, ΨԾͥ£һһغƾ, żȻ̧֮һˡ

ҲЩżˣŵԼˣԾͥôʲôӦأѵӦúһ, ֻŶŵǾƱ;ƺʲôÿġ

赽һ룬ĵʦȣָ

Ǽɣô󹦷, ֲֻһ, ȫ׾ֻûô֪أ

ȸʾ, ޵ĵĶƺһ

Ҳˣȵ½, δ˵ֻԡһȻ仯Ȼֹ

˶סˡ

ॡĵǾ֮, ӯˤԾͥǰ, Ʊƺڵأ졣

ӡĵ˳ѹӣ¶һƬѩף˵۶סԾͥ, СŮ
װ˵ĵᣬһֱԾͥҪȴӲȣ֮ƣۿҪˤС

ȴԾͥȻһ󲽣ĵ˿գˤڵϡ

ȵվ˰Σ˾˶ίʵûϵԾͥ˾ӡ

ԤĴͬĵԭأ֪ĳԼΰ죬Ϲ񣬡СŮײ˹ӣˡ

ʲôλ֮ϵ̫Ӵ˵Ӧʦ

ʦСǰڵأ̫̫

æʦҶˣҪҲǳܵĴǸʦõ١

̫ӿһȣֿʦʦˣȻˣˣĵƾͽˡ
Ȼ󺰵ĵ

һ̫ӵȥϹӿŵ

ԾͥҲͷһ飬ټȵû˵ʶǰһȥĵ

ĵһ޹ǵӣԾͥʱɫóһԾͥ䡣

̫½ݣĵǰͷû°ɣһҩȥ¸󡣡

˶ó̫ǶĵȤ

ȵȣ鲻ѽڵ޷ֻؿţԽԽƫ롣

л̫ӵ¡ĵ

æĵȥϢ

輧ĵ

̫ӻЩĲɣʣµʦ輧û˼ټ

ʱش˸Ƿ磬ҹڷúܣȻȥˡ

̫һæʱˣҶˣɢ˰ɡ

ףȥŽ飬̫Ӻпܻ£ʱ취̫ӽȥĵǾֻһ취ˡ
̫ӣܻҪ̣ɷƲڵ

̫ӵ˼ʱȫȻĵϣüͷ˵ʲôҪ£㵽˵

ֻӲͷƤǡ
ƺԼ̫ӻڻӶ˾ƣ ܸл̫ӽ̫ӡֿڻӺͽ¸ҹӣͬ

оƣɢһ뿪̫Ҫ뿪ʱȵ̫ӣλֵܣҸƺ󾢴󣬻ȥ·СͷΡ

⼸ˣ޷̫ȥڻӽ

̫ȥӰæڵ𣬿ȥ׷Żӣ£죬Ͱ
Ͱȳ¡Ǿƺҩ̫ӻĲʱʾ⻳˾ƺˣⱭϵģɣֻⲽˡ
Ϊ˲̫ģⱭƣлӶˣȻŻӡ

磬Ρ磿ôˣ

Ȼͷﴳڵ𼱣ֻûء

㿴̫Ӹ磬ỵµġЩż

ٽᡣ̾һ˼ƣȴһӣίʵЩΣ벻ɾͿҹˣȻֻҲû˵ס
ãͬ˵˵عƿкת

֮ǰˣ̫ҽˣ˵ûʲô󰭣עͺá磬㻹бİ취𣿡

Уİ취ףҲһһϦܳ£ֻ졣ãɫˣعɡȵϣƣӡ

磬Ϣɣعһ㱣ãֻҪ취ǿ롣

ȵͷ︣ȥ

Ϊҩ£ҩˡ

ȿһԵ۽ҩĳЦǸɵѾͷȻһܰ˻ĵôƵģ

ΪԼŻ𣿶µУ˿ûǿҪɣǶΣĵġ

ݵģԼһоͶ塣

ҩΪ̺ӣвͣ˼֪ο˵̡
նȻҪȥģָЩʲôأּǹĵ;ŵܲܳ£ҹʵѰ

ʱĵ;Żڻػؾ·ϣԾͥĳʻҹµľŻӴżͬȻĵĳԡ
¸С˷Σ԰ŵͬǴ

õԾͥظ·

Ϊ˻һƲֶ˼Ծͥ˿бڳߣĴƿʵǺ£

ƺǿ١

Ծͥ鲻ѣйĵطϡ

Ծͥ˾֣»ӭȥ˲

ȻԾͥڽʱȴǳֿȭճԼܿ·硣

һ룬Ӣ۾Ϸ룬ӢȻѽɴӲԾͥһţǰʱ˳ִ첲ϵһɣ˵ء

Ծͥżһ㣬ٴɱЩ֣ղһţԶֵ书Ӧ㣬ʹ㲻ˣҲ

룬Ľʹ˹Ծֵ̧ͥԣ˼ʶ֮ơ

Уûס۾࿴ÿ۾Ǳϳɡ
æգ㿪һֱӽٳֶŵƻ

Ծͥȴ˿ҲϢĻᣬ׷Ҫĵһ˲䣬ֱȻˡ

ݣһݶѣôһعԾͥĵ㵱Ӣۣ㻹ңʶʶСү

һþȫٽԾͥɱȥ

ͻȻһдϹ㣿
ͣ˽˻ǿԼŭȰ˵ҪԴΪء

ĵһֱЮԼ˭֪˺ܾöȲʹӳ϶ΣֱˣòôȥˣɴԾͥ󺰡

ԾͥһĵҲһ£ûԼְ𣬳Ծͥһ㶣ɹȥȻץסŵļ򣬽ӳק˳

һץĵһýָԾͥѹùǮǾߡ

ϹӣңǲҪǮƣǱǡĵһ˫Ծͥ

ʳǽµ٣շǰ͹ٸԾͥ䣬Զʹ˹ٱĵ׸ùģҲԾͥѿ࣬󺰣
˵ݺһĵʵʵĵƽԾͥĻ

ĵһ龰װΣԾͥĽĵ˻С

һĻøľ׸ξ




30.  ʮ ˼(2)   ϲӣ

Ծͥպʱ, ռƻȥ׸٣¹ػ, Ȼҵ

ξԾͥ, ûҿ̫
ٽû°ɣ

Ծͥŵ, Լ
ʳǽ¾Ȼ˲ⱵĽٷˣ㾩׸ʧְ

һ򶷣ԾͥѾһЩСڶǣͷһμ˸Ŀŵд֮, 书ǿ֯Ѹͳ˵ͲΪ

ξü, ǷԲ, ޵ˡĻû˵ⲻǻפľ𣿻е˲ҪڶΧӪկ

¹ضǰհΣвɵ, ȥ°ɡ

׸Ĺٱ뿪Ծͥ˵صԼ, ԸСˣȥĵ˳ͻط¸󡣡

⻰˵꣬ʶ, Ųһ˱ĵôһ˶ˣѲɸղǵĿĲǮ, ˵ĵﱾˡ

ҡҡͷղϴĵĺֹһ̫Ҳݵȹ£˲ԸĿŵ̫ͬ, ΪǿϾһҹҪסһŮӲ£Ůǧǧ̫ӹҲˡ

뻹˵ȥͰɡ

¸Ů֬ҹγĶԱȣͨͨ֡
վſӭͣԾͥŻԵĵţæʵôˣղӸ𣿡

·˽ٷˣ¡

𱿴Ծͥһ»ҵлӴȡ

ĵ﷿δ·Ծͥ˵䣬ֻ˸Ͽ뿪

ǰ·ԾͥɫѣҲҶԣſԾͥȥϰԹš

հĵڴϣҪת뿪ȴĵͣͣûᣬҪֱĵס

£¸뿪ˡԾͥ˦֡

ĵӴϵ£סԾͥȣӣߣҺ¡

Ծͥϧֱͦ˵Ѿص˷¸ЩٷҲˣٺ£ҲΪ

ĵԾͥȣļһһվӾСŮСŮмԸӽСŮɡ

ס죡ԾͥÿԼĸ첲Ԥϵĵøˡ

ӣҸո˾ţ㲻ܶ˺ҵģ㿴СŮѵСŮ𣿡ĵıϢԾͥ˵䣬ȵϢԾͥëֱ

ءԾͥץסĵĵʹ֡

أһ¥Ůӣ˵أ¥Ůӡ

¸ǣԾָͥհţĵ̵ǰӣˣǲǲǣ

ԾͥЩˣڹŮӣѾˣÿ

ϲӣҲд𣿡ĵԾͥ˵䣬ۿ죬ۿžҪ

ԾͥסˣǵһμŮ˶ԼӲҲЩжһŮӵĳղҲ򣬿ŮӲǻĶˡ

Ǹˡ

ĵֻ֪سɹԾͥû˵ûʣֻҪú¡Ծͥ˵
СŮ֪ݵ΢ùȢţֻʱ¸̽СŮӰĽǺˣСŮĽ

Ծͥ̾һδ˵

λﲻϲ𣿡

Ҳ֪

ĵԾ̬ͥæ˵ӣϺõĺ쳾ûȾˣĵ㹫Σ

£ֱʱգԾͥظӻͳһӷĵá

ӽҹܲСŮ糾ŮҲաĵƻȥӲСŮԸƣСŮѾܸˡ

ԾͥĵѾôˣлЩջӣ

ĵΪԾͥƺڹǰ촽һסǡΪӽǰɡ

Ծͥžƺܿˣлʧȥʶ

Ծͥ۾ϣʶֵֵ̧Ϥľ֮ͷʹУ̫ѨŹǷҪȴߴӣˣ

Ծͥһתͷ˯ԼߵĵæñסԼ壬˭֪һקĵ׻ļ¶˳æĵϣѿڶ㣬⣬ô£

ĵߵЦţҹˣǰϳˣʲô

𣿡

ĵæ˵ᣬֻҪӿĵԸ⣬ұ¥Ůӣ͹˼֮ףӶ̽ĵԽСŮ˼֮ࡣ
ˣ˵һΥĵĻһΥĵ£ҲǸͷˣԾͥ

˴֮£ԾͥŬ룬ȴʲôҲûС

֪ʲôƣ־ͣĺܿ졣ĵûش

Ծͥûٶʣҵץ·Լϣ´Ƕӷϣűߡ

ӣӡĵֻԺû£俴ԾͥԼһȥ֣ᡣ

˭أ᲻͵йأĵ֪ͬµģֻ֪ƽ仹治֪ĬĬ֣֮ȥһ

Ծͥճȥͽˣһۿϵӣַ¡
ĵһղҹǹ˭ѽ

ĵһתȴǻӣԾͥ˵ҪΪء

Ϊ
̣ȹҪΪĵͬҲǲеģǮɵøߡ

ĵ˵ֱȥ裬ˣȳȥҪ˯һᡣ

áѽɲһСĿһ˳˷š

ڵգǱ㴫ķз˵ӲϧΪ¥Ů

ʱӳ¹ſڣŮͼӲ

мԴ·ηһڹŵĹŮؿڣŮֱڵȥ

ڵһЦſڵĹŮҪȥͨηס

ˣҶ

䣬ʲôСȥ

ûʲôԵģеȺ쳾ԼĹ𻨾ƣ첡ûһҪ̳

㻹أӳ¹йˣɡ

㣬һ֪أҲҪȡ

ηԽԽգ˼̫ҽжܾԼʲôף̵ģûθڡȥҸʺ̫Ӹ磬ʲôţ̫ȲڶȥμᣬҲᵥ̫˵ĸֲã߸廨ͷ֪˲ʲôⶼˣ˵಻ǣķĲˡ 

ĹԼｫѪİ̧Ѿ÷зʺ̫ӳҪʻģЩ⣬ֻҪҩ

һƺתϢһʱ͸ˣ

ȥˤһ·š

˵Ц뿴ֻݺ˵ûͱ㵹źȾˡ 

ĹŮæڵϣĹūס

һùŮȥηЦһ˵¶Ҫע㣬Ҹ㣬ƽﲻģ




31.  ʮһ λ   λع

ﲻЦ, ˵Ī뻤£Ҹ㣬ʲδͻ飬ԾͥҪȢ, Ҫ, ˭֪ʱΡηƽڵľûһЩԾͥʱ, ʲô¡

ѽǾͿʱΡЦһЦɵ㣬֪ԼѾ, ֵӣ˺ԼϲˣǾŹġҲ֪ҩ⣬ٷ, ת䲻֪, ׽֮ˣ, շܵġ

˵, ԼȸʲعҪһϷ, Ϳ˳, ʱѵˡ

Ϊ˿عûǾ̫ʧˣҲˣ, Ƕġ
ﲻᣬһӣͿͣ

һ£ã㲻ҪƭˡηָᣬӴúܣǿиιҩʲôģ

ҩɻؿᣬ֪

̧ʾ⣬վ
ҪܵøԼ·ηƵӣ֪ˡ

ҽҩηߵǰ

治ɫȻҪⶾһ»ˣ˵ˣ¸ͽҩ

˭Ҫ㰴¸ңҪܳ׽ⶾĽҩңηƵѾ쵽ǰ

ûСӵûнҩҲûܳ׽ⶾҩ

ηеĵһš
Ǿ˵Ľҩûˣҵûˣ

ѽѽͻȻӻ磬ȻҴԡ
䲻֪٣̫Ȥˡ

죡ηƵһ뵽ʲôЦʻʮվͻعˣҲˣһؾȫ֮Ҳⶾķ

һصģ㻹ҪعĽҩ㣬߬Ͳܶһ𣿡˵еġ

ھȥ̫Ӹ㽻ҩ

Ҳɵҩһ̣¾һȪ֮ʱҲύġ

㣡ηָֺް취

ｫηƵֱ۰֪̫Ӹ㣬վعߵġ㣬ھعҩ࣬ҲعܻþһЩ

ĳãз£ⶾ㷢᲻֪ԼƭֻܳãҲֻѡ

ߣηһ˦ӳӳ¹

ᣬĸ˶ҩ

ЦЦ˵Ƕҩ˵ҩ

ʲô˼

Ĺõģ֪ݣֵ˵ǰԻ˵űҪôҶˣֻҪһͺáѾ˶Բߣ¸׸綼սˣؼΪңѵһ

㲻õģֵҺȿȣء̫͸õˣһ֣Ҹʸ״أԼ̫ˣ̫Ӹϡ

ͷЦĹղӮˣһ𣿡

عһ֣ſڴӵ

˻ͷһסˣˣٽ¥Ĺ

Ÿ磬ɣˡʶԼӳ¹Χ϶ߣڹⲻ㣬ȻŸչˣߣŻӾˡ
٩Ÿλعģλعء

񣬡ġ

񣬡ŵˡСŮոŶѧᡣ

𣿷ģûأô֪ԼӮ񿴣պûټˣ˼ý

ῴ뵽յ龰ʵ¿ɻǵϹӣ

˼ŶǵüǵãΪһ˸ӣҿɲǹⲻŶ

ЦЦվŻӽҼʮֳԾŻӿҺȴһҲԾŻѾˡ

ˣǣ⡭ٿֻп˵
˵ǵãԼղȷʵ̫Ȼˣ˵ǵãɲԼ

һɴ˵ҵȻǵãҼǵ

ЦŸ磬ֻû˰ɡ

ôһ˵ϺҲЦԭˣСŮʧˡ

ԼļǺ⣬ܷҶһ֣

ﺰģʮָп粻ϧԽݽӽᣬ͸϶˻ǰŸʵһ㣬˵ڶ棬ͱ˴ֽ

ģڶģȫΪ˿ģѧգȻ¾ͰӮˡ

Ÿ磬Ҳ̫˰ɣҪŵ㣬ŵˡԴ̡

ˣԣûʲôҪģŲأ˵ĸˡ

Ѿ͸ˣûʲôҪģֻϣƽ

ģ¶ڹﴫˣ÷ǴΣˣõĴֵһ˵ġ

һ֮񣬡лŵ¡Ҳ£ŵºĶ飬Ī

ȥᣬȥ

ﲻˣԸġ
ܳˣôûùκ˵ӣĸţȢòأܵףӣڷû˵ķݣ͸˵ԼܵŴ
û뵽ȻжԼ⣬ŷסԼЩж

֪Լݲƥ䣬Ҳ֪ŻӶǲһʱ⣬ԼһҪӦеǡ

ǱŸ磬쵽ʱˣˣŰɡ

áգգۣȻԼ˼

ʱ뵽ףҲ֪ˣû˻еһˣ׺ʺ;һƿʧǲǿͨټأ
ŵ£Ϲô

һʼûӦʲôϹӣϾˣſӣ죺ŶŶǷӵλôˣ

ϹҪμӰĿƿ񣬿ɷŵ¾ټˡϹ徭а˶֮ţƷأȻܳΪ͵µұۣΪ͢Ϊı

ұۣңʼ磬

ع»а꣬ڲ

ǲ֮Ҳٶ˵˷

ʱڸеȣ棬صͷ

ԾͥΪ¥ŮһǧϢѾɢȥĵ䣬һҹδ¸֤ǳʮҲ˵塣

£ռƻǸôԾͥΪĵˡ

ȳĬƬ̣һȥ˶Ȼ˵̾Ͳʳԣ˶ȴ֪̫ҹҩЧã̫ͷ裬Ъĸ縮
ȥ˸Ϧˣ̫ͬҪ뿪ʱ̫òĵ飬ɴ˿ɼ̫ӻĵġ
̫ҲõϢҹҿĵм⡣




32.  ʮ Ī   ˳޵Ĺӡ

ʲô̫̫ʦȻ, ˵ҹĵٷˣԾͥͻط¸ˣ˵ҪΪĵ
ڷⲽ, ôûԾͥĵ˼ĪΪĵˤһ£Ӣ۾ĺôûԼأ

ܵľƺʵ̫, ûֵܾͷͣߵʮֱЪ·;ĵ, һֱʱ֣ͷŲôˡ

£ҪҪھȥˣ

ɣΪһŮ˵Ծͥ, ȥĵǺ
ΪѾĺˣԾͥӲܺŮˡ

Ƚ񣬡̫ӡ

ĵܣ˵ԾͥҪΪĵ

֪ɫƽ糣ǲŵ, ͬԾཻͥ, ԾͥΪˣʮ˽⡣Ծͥӱ߽ͱ, Ȼûл棬ڱ߽ʱ, ҲġԾͥ־ڱŮӳûгֹڶˣΪֻһķ糾ŮӶ嶯

Ծͥ, ȥ̽һ̽ǷҪĵ, ΪҹѾ˵ˣôԾͥҪˣĪǻ˷˵뷨

ǡ

ʱ߻ӺʮӲŽݡ

ĸ, ȥģʮסԡ

ȥҲЩƣǳ֪¾ô¡

ȥ

ʮܡԿڣ̫鲻ѣߵ̫ӡ

ĸġ߻ʮӣȥҲûã̫ӻûʲôԸ

ðɡ

߻ӺʮӽݣĻȥ

Ծͥδԣǿģĵôˣ

üԾͥǲʲô֪

Ҹ֪ʲô𣿡Ծͥʮֲ⡣

շ̫飬йء̾һ֪ҲͰˣΪ¥Ů֪ܲ
Ȼ㲻֪Ҿһɡշ䶼ҪΪĵô£

ʲôԾͥȻΪҪΪ¥Ů

ҹİɣ˵˾׸ǰΧ޷¸ĵ﷿Ҳͬ˴֮

Ծͥʱû˻ûм֮Ĳǵˣ峿Ƿ󣬺ԣ÷Ķˡ
¥ŮӣʲôҲûϵɡ

㣬Ϳѽѵ֪̫Ӷĵ⣿̫˵ԣôҲûôˣĵʲô˼Ͽȥ̫ӽ͡û뵽Ծͥͬĵ˴֮

Ծͥĵһ뷨θ̫ӽͣ뵽ᡣ
УҲȥ̫ӽͣҪȥᡣ

һֱ㵽ҹŽ˽ӷ¸ͷۻﷸģϢڶȥ

عﲻڷеˡе׵ʱΪʲôҪͬ˵ЩˣԼᣬԿʱԾͥʼնûæҲʧɡ

ѽʹǽ㣬ҲܵӣǰŮٰ÷磬÷ҪعΪӮ֪ôúعˮ·һǱҲ֪ûգټعʣµ飬ֻ˵ľ

ôˣԾͥû뵽Լڽڼ䷢ô顣

Ҳ֪ʲôô˴¹̧˻Ѫع˵ȥ˻£ӳ¹ˡ
Զ˶٣㻹ùع

ԾֱͥˣŮӣô͹Щ鳶Ϲϵѹû뵽Ȼء

ڡ

Բ֪ΪΣԾͥãǽȥӳ¹ģعúˣԼҲúһ룬ڶԴعǷЩġȥ̫ӽɡ

ԾͥһƬףǾĻ˵ĺģ֪ĻӾ鿪Ц

ãȸȥ̫˵ɡ

鲢˵Ծͥؾᣬֻ˵ԼĵӦĵ룬ֶ˾ƣˣû֮£ĵĽԼЩһֶûᡣ

̫Ҳټƽϣŵ˸ĵȥ˽ҩ˭֪˻ţĵ˵ԼĽԾͥȣԾͥҲӦҪΪԼ

ԭԼһԸˣ̫ӿЦû뵽õ̫ӾȻһ糾ŮӾܾˣЩҲĵŮӻǸҰҺޣȲʸҲ£ֱӾܾĽԾͥͺ˵ҲŮˡ

̫ĵԣԾͥƲǵˣһ˵϶ǴӦҪΪĵġ
Ծͥ͵̬ȣƶСӲһʱ𣬲ûҪΪĵ

ǾҿҪôչɣǸ֮ͦˣĵԾͥΪ֮㺣ԣ̫Ҫģûеòģǵõ˲ҪˣҲҪ෴跨õ

ֻǣԷԾͥò˼ɸʶϼҸӵغϼڳеȨưˡ

ֹգ˴š˵ʱԾͥӦΪĵĵԾͥûسŵĵɱδ죬

£Ծͥİô£˵Ҳ˵ˡ

ȥ¸ĵȻĽԼΪ˶Ҫ˵ѻѵΪ˱
Ǹߵ¸ſڣʹϹΪĵ𣿡

˻һΧΧһƬˡ

û뵽ˣ֮ͥ£¸ⳡԵ֤ˣҪ˵ﻹܿý¸벽ֻôҴȥٴӳ顣

Ѿˣ׻Ľͣһͨã˵Ѿ֮ͬ£˻طȥǸ
⻹㣬̫ټ֮䶼ǲ˵ĵΪʼʵڲá

֮ǰһ¸ŮӵˣȻ˳ȥ̫ӹʣŮϸ裬ӶҲΪʶʲôڵΪʲôҪˣ޴Ϲ 

˵˵ȥùԼ鲻ѣĵºȾƣһǳôЩ顣

Щŵû˵

ǰٿĪ磬ûΪӣǱ׷ɽ£ȻӰ첻;
ʮֵ˺ûظԼҪν͡

ͷö֮ʣͻȻҪ

ԾͥԼûҹҪ˵һеԴϸûͲ˻飬ԼҲͲӵϳƺȾƣĵҲΪļ仰Ͷɽյľ档

Сīֺã书ֺã˭˲˵ԣǴ֮ġ
أҶ˵ȻĲϳˣƷȴ³ˣȻ檵ǺԼҹŮû˶ԼҪȻؿշС֮

̶ʮգԾͥʹ˳޵Ĺӣ˷Ե˵




33.  ʮ Զ   ǸΧתġ

ʱ, ټԻҪԾͥļ

Ծͥһ¹, ڹſ, ȹϵأױݾ¡
Ծͥû࿴, ֻϿܹȥ뻻װ´ȥУ

ڵ˵ηƿԾͥ;ÿġ

Ծ̧ͥͷһۣεĵͷ, ﲻжôԸܹȻΥ˼

ڵУηһ֡ǶȥɡܵĹ˶˳ȥ

Ծͥæȭ񣬡, ⲻס

ôҪ˵Ů֮, Ҫ˼ЩϹӣŶ, ٽ, лҪ㣬ҲлҪ˵
ηбӿ, ϲԾͥ⸱ֲܾܾ̿ı顣

ղҪѧ𣿲ȥУɡڵԾͥʼû̧ͷη, һֱҾ

ȥˣǾڴ˵˵ɡϹӣ㵱ϲǸĵ𣿡

Ծͥµû̼ǽ, ֻû뵽ֱӣ͸ֱһˡ
ϲֻعһˡ

ڵͻȻĬ

Ծͥ˺þãηƶû˵̧ͷһֻηֱֱ

ڿ̧ͷԼ˵ٽҾ֪㲻ϲһ糾ŮӵġԶ˵ϲĻ㿴γϦ磬븸ΪǴͻΣ

ɡԾͥͷҾ

ôҾô㲻ϲ𣿶Ը̧ͷһۣη̲סˣߵԾͥǰ̧ͷң

Ծ̧ͥͷηƵ۾лԼлӵڶ࣬ԾͥõĲֹһԾͥԣ䲻Ϲ

䲻ϣֲ˵ٽ֪ĵ£ӣɻ𣿡ηҲǶ˽⣬ӸңǾݲ´µġ

һʼԾͥĵ£ЩգΪԼһ糾ŮӶȲһ룬֪ˣȻԭ£ڶԸϼѣԸһ¥Ůӻ

һȥԾͥηһһ˵

㣡ʲôãηƺ

ʲôãֻ֪֪ԼԶڱ߽ʱĶǵѽǶôģôǣǷعս½Ѿ˰ɡ

ڼ´ͻ飬Ҳ޷űݲóȻͻ顣ڸͬ±֪Ȼһ㶼ǸӵԸóȻͻ顣
û£¸ˡ

ԾͥתҪߣηƺվס֪֪Ϊʲôû

ʲôԾͥת֪֪Լ˵ʲôѵΪϲعҪ𣿡

Ҹ㣬ȢңҪȻҪȢ˭Ҿ˭

Ծͥסһš
ΪʲôΪʲôڿ˵ϲңȫ˺ңίˣԼʲôĵĵ˵౨ĽԼͷȴԼ˷ԵһʱԼ̵˼䣬˵ϲԼͷȴԼ뱣ˡ
Ĳס

û˺ѽֻãȢҾͳϼҴӴԺգϮλ𣿡ηҲףݣҹ֮ãԼţȴ˲Ҫ

ԾͥЦӷ㣬֪֮Ը²Ȣһϲ֮ˣ𣿡˵꣬תȥ

ڳĹϣԾͥͷһξΣСʱ׽ձɱдӲнʿӵ
ʱҲСǺش磬ʱһ䣬Ƥǳû͵׺ͷˣҲϲӣաش͵׼Ҫ

ãܻصǳսǰжãֹһҫɣѾӡ

̾һͻȻԶŮ˵Żλһϸסˡ

߹һˣŮ̫Ůӣһ˾ᡣ

²ʹ첽˹ȥ

ᡣЩ˫ü΢ζסǰŮӣڿˡ
Ļ˵Ѫ̧¹һֱġԣˣȷΪԼθ

˭ѽĹһɫ̫ǰͰԾͥסˡ

Ծͥ͵

ϵϸϸһЩӢü䣬ͦȽ֮ҹҪһЩֲҪϲء
ſɡ

̫ſԾͥ˵ϹӣĹ

ԾͥҾ񣬡¼ĹлĹչᡣ

ȵȣϹ˵ﻰչᣬԼԸģлʲôɲԸ⻰

δޣӦлġ

ҪȢҿɲͬ⣬֪֪Ϊ㣬Ҫ㻹ʼĵΪԾŲҪ޸㡣ηһԶѻ˵˳

ʲôĵĹ˵ʲôȵʵԺеһ뷨ȻǣѵϹΪ˻֮£˱ɱɣˣ

ηŷӦ罻ȲҪᣬԼôһԾͥͰʲô˵ˣݺݵһԾͥ㣡ʼ˵ҪΪĵȴˣᣬˣǧܼޡ

ᾪһѾƶΪ˻ļıΪԼ˻龿Щʲôû˼ԾͥĵĹϵӡ

ᣬģҿԽͣû˵ҪΪŵ˵ѡԾͥȻ֪ĹҲ֪¡

ǷԣᣬҲڳŮװĵ費ˤˤСǰʱͶ˼ɡ
̫Ӹ˵ȥ·˴ĵĽٷˣϹӣǱĵط¸ģһϣ˵һʲôû
ʱ֪˵ʲôˣΧ̫๬ŮҪԽԽãȻˣǾղײհɡ

ҡǸϣĲ֪Լûʲô飬һǳ϶Ҿû˵ҪΪĵ

ؾˣ϶¡˵ƽǻĸŴ󻧣֪϶ǲܽܵġ

Ĺ˵Ķԡ׹ⳡıԭĵԾͥ־ᶨȻϹȴĵһҹ飬ҲȻˮ֮
Ҫ޵ˣӦһһһ˫ˡϹذɡ

ᣬһΣԭһΣҲˡ ԾͥҪǰ֣ηƿǰҵ˶ֶţ̫ˡ飬˶ˣȸʻعȥͬ˵

򲻿ɡԾͥϥҾ񣬡Ҷĵġ

УģôõĹĵĿɲֹһˣѵѡһһҹģҪѡ㣿ߣ

ǰȥԾͥǰָҾҪҺˣ 

ԾֻͥͣԭأûпһۡͻȻѹоǸΧתŮѾԶˡ

תһͣҽ

ظȥ

ЦЦȥˡ

ͻȻʵҪȥϹ𣿡

˭һʱûӦ;ôеϤȵȣⲻǡ
ǲڳׯλӣ




34.  ʮ    ֮ǰ˵Щǡ

Щ, ߸ԴǵľܾԾͥǱ߾ųӡĹ;ŻӶףȴûԼϹǺιϵ, ûж, ͬŻһ÷ʱ˵׵ĲŻ, û˵ʲô
λӣЩҪ

Щȴֲòǿװ򶨣ŶԭλӡͻȻ뵽ʲô, ھҪȥ𣿡

ɲУóȻǰȥ޷¶ݸǺ, ˭˶ϲƭ, ǱʲôĿġ

֪羿δ㣬ȷʵǱ¶ݵĺʱ

, ˻ûãȥ, պ𣿡㣬Ҳøͨ籨ŵʱɡ

żҲ֪ʲô, ô, ܰġ
СŮѾˣ߶Źգվ͸˵֮, 磬չҳظɣڸеȱټǡ

ղŲǻ˵ֻǳһôͳ˳ظˡ

￴һ񣬡ɲУɵöգ˹Ÿ಻㡣üëһڵҵò

˵⣬ҲΪˣʮգŻնûһǿֵģ֬ǽУǶ׹ģվգֻ˵ϲŸˡ
ʱʱٽ¥ͷ¸С㣬Ϊ˺ˡ

Ǳգǣ빫׼ҽճһˣԷŻԼȥͺá

ôʵûѣһȥɲС
Һһȥ

ԼȥͺáĹֻǣ֪ױݲؽԾֳͥķ£˻üĿ͵Ǳ֪Ϊá
ĺˣ빫׼Լһˡ

Ǹǿˣתһ룬ȥҲãҪǼ磬׼Լ˵в֮ġ
ãȻӳ¹빬ƻҴ̫Ӹء

л

صӳ¹ԸΪ£Լһ⣬˸ȥ

úƣһװ˹ƥլӱ۶ȥ

뵽ʮδף֪ǷѾ˶ǣҲ֪δ㣬Ҫլӣ뿪

вɽҲ˵ĪĽΪΡ

Լݣߵš

˭شʵ

ŻӦңᡣ

عشæš
⼸գͬشѾ֪˹з飬ʲô֪װʲôҲ֪

ôôò

˵شϹأлҪ


֪ڹˣôܻ֪ںδѽǾ˵Բȥɡ
ջڣ˵ˣȥߡ

ҵɡ˴Ϲӵļ˿˶ǣ

ʲôˣشѹ֪ѽôش𣬰ֵñѻ
լԺһ˴ȤϽ֧ӿ飬ϹӻûҾˣ˯ҲŽţԲ֪ܲѩûȥ

̧ͷ˿Ƶա

شæ䣺Ʋϻ˵ߣڰҹ󡣹ȻˣҾΪɡ

һҪԼڹз˺شʱ

شֲ鿴ơⶨȻϺõҩ˵û˼Ҫ˿ںҪСĽô̵ʱָôá
ûдˣһ²Ҫ䣬˿ѿ

شҩ˿ڣմ·šॡһ

˼ԺУױ߶شҡҡͷ뵱ڹʱӿΪصģټǡ

ӭæʣϹӣôˣش˵鷦˳ߣȥ˺δʲô˳ʲô𣿡

ȿᣬжûмˣ˼ýʱˣ˲ʧ

ῴԼǰһڣһ飺ӣʲô𣿡

ʲô£ǽӵĹźЩлҰˡ
ûʲôɽߡ

ЦԭϹѽֳ˿ʵգ˵վ͵ˣⶼʮˣںδ

εЦЦĪеļˣûҪôԲأɴ࿴źش˵ҶˡֶղŶߣ̫ܵˤˣȥ·һ߳Ա˵

˼ʱ䣬ɵúú˼˼ǣѻѽǹѩٲԼԲˡ

϶Щ򵥵ĲʽΧһش￴ܾԼ࣬Ҵҳ˼ڷͽڷˣ

ȸ˸ź飬ˣпɰã
з飬ݣȻǲ֪ģֻʵʱᵽݡ

ѾˡὫźŽ¸ĵ£ģ

¡ȥĵ˵µʱû뵽ȻҲϵأ˵˵ȥǻǳ帣Զףŵ游һңͬæȻҲ
ֻӣ붯¸ͷƶɣɣš

ԭҪϵô£ѵĵԾͥĶ飿

²֪
ô˻Ϊĵ̫ӹģĵ̫֮ӱڷ¸⣬óȻٶûҵĵ

¿ӣ˵ҽռԾͥˣ˵Լû˵ΪĵĻԣĵǾΪһҹӦûгô㡣ĵΪ˻Ϸ飬Ҿ̫ˡ 

Ӧᡣ
֪ĵԸ񲢷ˣһ£ϲԾͥʹԼ⣬ĵҲȥġ

Ϲȷ
˵֪˲ƶ

Ȼ˵ʵֻõһЦȷȷʵΨ˵ȷƺǾ˵Ӧ
ﲻ̫ģ糾ŮŮӶԶͶǴɣĵǷ¸ͷƣΪ˵ȴҲšܿŲţԾͥʼԵǱˡ
ΰ죿

Ϲӣʵ˴ҽȷʵЩ£޷ءĹ;ŻӶԸΪ˵£ʱĹС
»عΪ֮£ȻټʻøĹټԾͥƷУ˻Ķ䡣
ʡԼͱһ¡

˵꣬ЩۣЩһ𣿼Ȼѡ˵Ͳʡ
ҲǹŹ£ʥ϶ӿǵġ
£Ҳôġ

ҪлϹΪıˣ˵Ҫˣ֪ںδԺ᷿ܼ࣬Һͯסˡ

ЦЦѾȥˡ

ȥˣһ˼ҵĹӣܼҺͯԶΪô˵ͯҲźѽ

ȿԾӣЦⲻشʢ
˵Ҳʲô˼ҵĹӣ֮ǰ˵ЩƭģΣ




35.  ʮ ң   ˿ʺϹ¡

ס, ˻棿

˵Ⱥܽš

ͷҵһμʱ㴩ľϺõĽУΪĻҲΩΩФ, Щ徭, ϶֮ң

ȸЦ, ѵֻٰ븻һЩ

ῴ˵ȻʵǸ֮ѵңǽˣѽ, һμ㣬ˣңܲҩ

²ǻӿˡͷڲˡ

ֵΪ˻, ͸, ˵Ķָ, ˵ĶҪ׷ɱСƹҡŻ, ϶ǡ
ŶмǸˣڳׯŮӾĹ, ٽ¥ҪӵľǾŻӡ
ףʱǲûѽһعʾŻҪȥ

˵꿴, ˵ڳׯŮӾĹٽ¥ҪӵľǾŻӣΪβȣ

æ¿ӵȣ, ̫ˣסˡ

üͷ˵㲻Ǹ֮ҵĹǲġûˣҹܼҺͯΪʲôȥˣ

̽൱ɹЦЦõĻ˵һ飺ܼҺСͯǸӣյû죬վţ˵ܼҵزұȻȥˡ

ԭˡͷǹӾͰסɡ

ȵд˺ЩعլԺĿҸɡ

Ƿ˹ӵĶ飬ɡȻϲӣҲ֪װôһæˡ

е࣬ţƿ꣬Ҳ׸
û˵꣬ͱˣȵȣ׸ģ˵е࣬Ƕࣿ

Ⱦһָ

һ

ҡҡͷ

ֵһǧ

ҡҡͷ

ǰ˿ŵǾһ

Цҡҡͷһֵֻʳָ״ʮһ䣬ںԺˡ

û˵˳ȥֱԺֻһԺӣȥһ׻ӻε˫ۡ

ǼһǴ˼ңһʵף˵Ķԣȷʵ׸̫׸ˡ

ȿῪĵӣԼҲܿģ·ھѺˣס

һǺüҹ˹ġ񲩵һЦҲֵá

䣬ǽݰɡȵ

ȴЩͻȻį游͸ʱ򣬼кԺļ䷿ҲйĳǶս󣬱ʹ͵ģкܶ鱦׹󣬼΢ȴܴ󣬿ⷿԿĸУûȥҲ֪ʲôӣϾų͢ǵ΢Ĳֻɽա
ȥԺ䣬˵Ļɸ

ȴţҪҪڳϦ˵һ˵ؼΪ׳٣͢ظÿµĲǲе̫ˣһ룬ҪԼģеǹõģʹǻԶ߷أҲ޳нʳԲع
ֻ̫ӵǻһ֮ǰ֪ҩ⣬ҲûشһֱΪԼӡӵкתᣬԸϣ̰ģʼҪóþãԣ̫Ӿܵǻ

Ͻٽǳ͢ǽ߻ˣҳ̩ս֮࣬үȻҲǵǵĹѫһͶ̥һ˼ҵģعġ

ͷԸˡֿ˿ϵԼԺδ¡æסȥӹǿݰɡ

ȱţ˳Ӹ󡣻һиѾشﳷȥϷһȲ衣

شģȻˣϹӣūͣҸطش￪ҽݣشһβˣһҽϸûݼˡ

ãôˣЩ֪֪׵ˣֻܴԼѡɿģҽݲףҩĶҪ룬ҲҪѡɿ˵ơ

ԼȵȲ裬ٽ¥ӼˣĹ߶Ų֪ŻӶöġ
Щģ֪Żһʱ⣬ʵ⡣ؼƣŻأò䡣ҼʹʵҲպ䣬ٲҪ˵׼벻׼ˡ뵽ǰԾͥԼ̬ȵת䣬ǳã⼸վŻͷϣҲ߻ӦţЩѹȲ֪ôģߡ

ϸἰǰУŮҲû͸˵ˣҲֻԾͥйԼ˵Ӧ˵ʵҲպ䡱Ļ

γԣŻģȻġ

ǲŵģ˵Ҫı䣬Լ޷ܡոԾͥԼʱǼеӣģΣ޷ıԼ䵭

ͻȻǰŮӺһ͸ĤԼͬʫ£Ҳͬƣͬ˵֮£ֻҪ˵Ů֮£Ͽʼ 
Ǹղ̸ԾͥĵڵľŻӺӵע᳤á
Ϊ

ԭŲˮţʱͻȻЦһ£ϹӸңϵµƽϲɾŮΪξҪլ˵Լת˱˵ķϣأ

Ӻǰûͨ⣬Ϊ游ϲĸĸ޽ƫƫԹΪؼҷһӲ㣬ҪԼšҲΪθֳԺ󣬻ͻȻҪ檣Ȼ˵ֳԼһָֹֿˣĸ׵ӡ
ΪʲôһŮӷҪһӼˣԼЩҪж¶ԷȢԼ

ֱ˺شûĸϬҲûĸ˳ӣȴԼӣԼϲ¡ҲʱҲһӣй޼յĸ飬ȻûίЭ
ᵱʱ룬Ըѡشֲ赭ҲҪĸĸһһŸĵ˱
ǣиõˣĲ䣬լԸǸһһһ
ԾͥǸˣڿ̫٣ǰѾûڴ

Լת˱˵ķȷĥ仰ף᲻Ҫһһֻһ˵ӡ
ᣬ۾ЩպģҲһʼľͲᶨ˵϶ʼϲ֮ͽҲӣɲ

ʵѵΪŻӺ䣿

üͷ΢壬촽΢˵ʲô˵ôֻűˣͲԼ
û˻ΪԼ𣿡

ң²豭ҡҡͷˣˣʺϹ¶ϡ

ȿȡһڲˮֱǺ




36.  ʮ    ˣ

æó˹ȥ, ӣŵȺҲ졣
ôֳСʱһʱһ, , ﲻ۳ʲôҪһ硣

ղǾ仰ɲͺ˸һ, ŵòᡣԼڴˣķ˼ư˻飬׷, ¶Щûȥ

̫ˣһקס󣬡﷽ſ˵Ц

ȻİֳӷŻͲ, Ц, ͬ˵Цʲô˵滰

, ȵһ˲飬, ʱ˿̣һ仰ǳʺԼ顣

ᲢûвֻԼô඼Ϊ˱, ҪȻ, ǰϳլӲɡ

ɴ˿ɼģӲúܣú, ǻһ㶼ûأʵصԶշ˳ģв̫ļˡ

ˣϹӣ˵ңڼп£ͬ¡

ûС

Ϲӿϲˣ⻰ʱĪᣬֻһ˲ʧˡ

ָڲ豭Ħβ˵ܾҪ¶ϵᣬȲ˵У˵ûС

ˣ̾˿ʵҶգʱ˼Ľɡ

Ȼ̧ͷû˵ô˼أ

ûע⵽Ѿڵ˵ûиȥţûվдȥվУòˣĶŮӣвǸϿһˣð࣬ټϵȷŰ·;һˡ϶˵˼ģ˼
ˣ㻭˺ãһŮӵĻƣ㳤㿡ϲŮһҲСŮһ÷ݣ

ǳ˳飬ԽԽ֪ø˵ԼǸð˿ûд⣬ɿЦ֪ΪĻںδ

Ӧҷж౦ϡ

ûЩ졣

춼ͭмԼѾˡ

ȾƵûţվߵ͸͸
춼мϲŮӣҾúܺãǻҲûʲôá 

뿴ѽԳûأ֪طŮӶʲôϵĵҲϵǶôÿϵ˽ܵ飬ϲλǲǱĵﻹѽ
һûûεӣȺȿڲ趼ҭûš
Ĳ豭عԼ

ͷ˿Լߵߣ̧ͷӴ⿴ȥʱ㣬ƣһγӴڴůĴ
ϲ죬ϲ죬ϲϲ࣬ϲʲôʲôģϲԼȻġ

ȿſڴߣǰ鷢ƮŮӣ룬ԼǲЩˣҲáôһ룬еķһ˲ͱ紵ɢˡ

ῴԺĹƵ˵ʮ꣬ĸ׽𻨾ƣÿʱҶժɾƣڹ£ڳȡֻǽҲûҲ֪ʱںδܲͬһĹ𻨾ơ
ŴͷȣϹӣ㲻֮

ˣȴ̸ֻ顣ǿЦЦȻ㡣

շƾӿɷһ

ȴȻ˵Ǿ֮ǱͬһΣ

˵ߵٱóһѣѡٻѡѣ

Ӵѡ

ЦЦѷڴߣתĵ

üͷһǰĿƬָ̧̣٣ʣŵ
ȴĽ˸

᲻̧ͷȥֻȶգһ۾ֿ٣̾ʲô˼

ҲͻȻƾż䵯˳Ƕӣֹһεܾʲôطԣһΰɡ

һ٣ЩȵĿһᡣ

ƤضգۣǵҡͷЦִȸĽ࣬ʱıĿİһ
ڵһκ࣬᲻Ϥ£Ѿܲˡ

ȸհѷȴ

ͷ̧̧°ʾ

ȻǸղֻ᲻ҪõΪָøĵΪ

ӴߴٵѺ޷죬࣬Ǻڵһ

ԽԽƺһԼԶΪ

ȴһͬ˺࣬ȴһҲûоѣԼû뵽ֻһΣô׵ʵѵá

ϣŶԷ˭Ըݳ飬ƶߣƾþòԸɢȥ

ջߵǰɼѣСŮ̾硣

عҲ֮࣬

˵˶Ц

ῴһɫû뵽ҪĺˣӦĹҪعһţҸˡ

ϴμʱѪε̤˵ķ벽ʮˣڼãӦ֪㣬ǲ֪ģҪҹҹ

ʮֲᣬҲ֪ס
ʮվǳϦˣʲôʱ

Ĺ˵ȱ»عټңټĹҲҼ£ʱ˵֮ͬ£ּ˻ͳ

ȵͷĹæﲻҪģһ˳ġ˺ҽݣ»ͬش飬ﰲġ

Щ˼˵Ҿ㣬ڿƺǹΪĸ࣬ӻǵˮ֮ӿȪ౨

Ըˣи͹һ̰ɡ

ȴ򿪷ţᣬ˲Ժ䡣
شԺеǣǱش

ʱ˩£߹ȥ⿪һԾϡ
ϹӲˣҳ󣬻Ҫ̹ء
˵꣬һݡһﳤȥ

Զվԭأһ顣

ܿ쵽¶ʮ壬ʵۻعڶһټᡣ

ᵽ巵ȴſڵС̫סĹֻټƽ

ھȥͨ˵ҲҪһͬС̫ЩΪǱԸˣֻƽһ

С̫࣬ûͨô֪ʲң

С̫ϳ˺ֻڵſڣȴ˵

ҪȰڴжʱûĹˣǳЩ

߳һ޷׵̫࣬ȴһ׽֮С

Ϊβң

ڵ¹źõ̫ƽ˭Ҫֱ棬￴̬ȶʱ˺ܶࡣ

Ĺñ³谮᲻ĹֻйȥķлҪͬƽ˵ĹԵƬ̣Ⱥ١

ƽ˵ֻõͷ

ƽ߰ɡƽһ첲æ񣬡롣

ƽͷǰ档




37.  ʮ ּ   ֻ¶׼˻顣

ڶεü, һТ£, ̫ʥּݸʱ, ֻһۣߵлʥ˳ȥ

̫, ̫ߣ̫Զ̧ͷ̫ãֻǵƶһ, ߲

巵鷿ָ߸ϵѹȸ࣬ǹԶĵطȻ̧ͷ

СŮߵ¡˹ڵء

ӸߴȽ

ƽߵ˵, 

̧ͷ, ̧ͷƽָӣҵ, ߹ȥнȥ

ᣬ̧ͷ

Ỻ̧ͷ, һŴȰºϵ΢ЦĿԼʱࡣ

˵Ҳ޵Ĵ, ĶŮ, ǰȻû档
ֻʵ̾һ˵ϽȻı۰򣬱ΪλϮ, ֻϧؼõûͬĸֵܣսΪϮλһ£ϷҲ̡

ᾪȲѣû뵽Ϊ˷ܹӲдڱּңĸȻ̣Ȼ²δ׼ࡣ

ʵֵڻ²ʱĹˡ޾Ȼ֪˵ãֻϧŮҲǱĺöɡ
˵̾պʱμ䣬ް㣬ǣ㣬˼ĹؼΪ˶㣬ʵԷ䣬ʲôҪģ˵޾㡣

һЩԭѾøԼз²ԼЩͷû뵽ͲԼ͡
һֱΪ׺Ͻֿû뵽ֿ֮Ǳ¸Թʱ˶˵ǻʵ۳購

£ûʲôҪģֻ¶׼˻顣

ʵͷ˼Ƭ̣ŮҫԵСףҲšԾͥСսе㸸׷ɣΪҪ˻أ

ỹû˵ƽߵʵ߶Ƭ̡

ԭˣ㾿ΪԾͥ⣬Ϊʼ糾Ůӣ

ױµ˼ԼΪҪ˻飬ǲԾͥҪ˻飬˵һʥĻᣬҪһѡ
СŮĲԾͥ⣬Ҳͬ糾ŮһҹΪСŮ뱻ơŻʵ۵۾չأСŮ겻ܺ£Ǳͻ顣Ͻδּͻ飬ΪϼֻϽԾͥͬŻ¡
ĸȥʱԾͥǸиˣɷһʧ˶Σ뾡취˻飬ЩҲϹټˡ
ͣһ£ʵЩֹ

ʵ۵ˡл˵޷
˴ЩҪСŮڹĹţСŮһ˹һ̾ͿǱ˺ңϼЩԸҼ޽ĳǣҲ뷽跨ˮ
£ҲԸ˵£ǱĻţɲҪƽݣҪ»ֻĹֲ赭ν

ʵ۾΢УЩʲôö֪˺ܾã˵Ů¸ĸ֮ý֮ԣ׽׷״ͣ޴Ӧ㣬Ͻ˵˻֮⡣

кһ磬ѹĴʯͷ˲ˣΪУʵֻҪ٣ϽҲȻ֣οϼҾô˲޳ɡ
УŻʵߵСŮл¶䣬꣡

ʵ۵һЦƽɣвƽھȥϼҸӡ

ƽǡ£ĹڵȺˡ

һ֪ΪѾҪν͡

ǽɡ

ǡ
ƽȥˣ£СŮлҪ˵

ʵЦ˵

᲻׻ʵΪҪЦʵʵ˵һ£ĸдټ빬кɻشһһҹõҵѡ죬СŮΪ˻ĵιҩ裬ڲƭǶҩ˵̫ҽﲻ
˵ֹ𷣡

ʵЦˣ䣬û뵽Ůһ¸ңδжϳɱУǿϧˡ
ֿɣҹ֪ˣ˵˿һ޺ܺ棬ʲô

ҲĲҩ

ʵ۴Ц

ʣŮ˵ʲôΪЦôģߣ㶼֪ҪŮ𣿡
ηƳָ˵š

ʵЦƶʼ念˶

˵Ҫһ²ŷ

ʵЦƶѽҪȻΪ˲޺֮ģƽѾ˵ˣԵǲҩ衣

ʲô˵Ϊ˲ҽҩңŮķ꣬θڲѣ̫ҽﲻǺԭ򣬶Ȼ˶ηƸţûôġ

СŮûиҩڱǰԣǿ۾֮ѽֱӴͲóһҩҿ˿ιҩĲҩ˵ͳ˽ȥ

Цᣬҿ̫ϲˣϵŵ˻ûм

ηĻʣƭӦܷ

ƶҪɱƽȣԾȶѣҲδ˺ֺҪˣв˺ƽ˼ʲôû

ηҿǸʵŮΪ˶ң

ղŻһЦĻʵۣ˲ƽٺΪֻҪ֣޶㣬Ƿƶ֪ΪԡѪսΪҩΪ޵סʱ㻹ûǷĻͲޡ㣬ǹأ
ƶֻ㲻ԣȴû뵽ƫϲԾͥãϼҸӣһʡ

֪ʱΪܵ˻ʵ۵ٳ裬ԭΪʵƴǼƴ٣ҲʣʷϵһʣȥؼҺӭֻܡ
ܸû뵽ԼսҲû뵽ֳᱻɱΪֳȢһףãλҫȥ

ηȴһһԾͥҪ

ƽæϲձѾӦƽϽٽΪ˻һ¡

ηƸǾȣᣬ˵Ҫ˻飿Ц֪ұļ⵽Ծܾͥ˵ֻԸȢһˣȴ󸸻˻飬̫Цˡ

ʵһʵƶѱļԾܾͥ

ᣬŵʣҪԸ¼ޣƾʲôܾ

ʵ˼ֿεҡҡͷ

С̫ǰ棺£Ͻӵ



ҫԺԾͥΪ´ҴҸһ巵鷿סˣĨᣬĹܲѺõĿǡ

ǣ

һôᣡ

ߵ£ꡣϼҸӹ

ƽҫԣҵĻ£лҪ˵

ҫһæֹȥ£ϳּΪҶԾͥƽͻ飡




38.  ʮ    еãͣ

ҫȻ֪طڻʵеλ, ҲȲϵģطΨһĶӶսָȨ䲻, ҲϷһ, ֻϧӺ޽û׼ࡣ
¹, Ҳţ￴ᰲãȴĨᣬȻ, жԴѶʱټǸӣ˵Ϊ£϶Ҫͻ, Ȼ, Լּ

һᵽɤ, ˻ʵۡ

ҲˣҪ, ηȴȿ˿ڡ
ϼҵЦŵҪҪһԸ޸ٷˡ

Ծͥûе, ֪̬, Ǻ֪ҫֱһҲԹҫԲ֪飬ӱ߽ûڸסվȥ˾ӪϷû˵, Ծͥû˵
Ϸû˵ҫ֪ΪԼʲôֵ£Ҫ˻飬ϸ˿û˵һ˻֣ŷأԾͥ͸˵ˣûҪ˻顣
ҫԻҲȥϷˡϷԾͥᣬԭ룬÷ĸ飬棬᲻˻ˣû뵽ˣԾͥ뿪󽫾ûʲô쳣ؽҪԼϸ϶Ϸ˺Ծͥû˻¸ϽϽ˿϶Ҫᣬ˵ûڣҲסѾͷԼҪ˵Щ˵ģˣΪ»صأ˵ţûҫ

ʵ۵ҫԣƶ˵û˻һ£׿ڶ˵ġ

ҫԳĬƬ̣ľȱɡط丸սһֱΪĲϲӣϷ˺ͼͬ׮£Ϊ˻ȨƣȻѾ䲻޵λá

ӹýȢ޶ε·ŦˣӹдϢ˵ΪԼӣҲǿԣ¼ޣǲҲܳȫԾͥϲҡ

û뵽ڷ˥ܣҪ˻飬Ϸһˣ˵˻飬ȻΪ

£СʢЩƣͷȣЩӶ£ԾͥǷ䴫ҪΪ糾Ů
Ȼ֪ᶼ˵ЩʲôڻʵǰһҪάԼӵġ

ʵۿҫԣһ¾ΪʲôҪ˻飬Ҫ˻ҫԵĵһӦأȽԾͥĻ£Ƿ˻飬ûȷ̬ȡ

ҫԣսɱУӢ·ǳЩ£Ҳ֪ԼþǡǷΨһĺˣ˵ˣҿͱˡ

˵Щ£̬Ȳû̬ȣȻҶԸ⣬βȫˡ

£ԾͥһӹڵϣջسĵģҲǺˣʲôҲ֪ˣֻԭ£ҽȢֻᡣ

ɵСӣΪ˻Ϊ£Ѿ󣬶ֻǰʵۻһ䣺ƽԾͥǰԭ£ģԸԭ

ᵭһЦ£СŮ˻顣

Ծͥǰᣡһʮ꣬ôֵʱζģѵΪ²ԭң

ϹӣǴˣǷĵҲҪ˻ģӱ߽ĵһҾѾ˵ˡԲ𣬳ɴΪ˽Ǹ԰ãˡ
ҫԲ˼ĿᣬȻʱ򣬾˻顣

ηҲףɻĿᡣ

ҫԵ飬߹ȥ񣬡ϲСҳһҺֳǶϰ䣬ҸˣҲ޸ԾͥһҲҵСԡ 
ǣĸֳҶȥеһжˣҲǸ˳۵ķŮƺһҹ֮ʧȥепÿҹүΪʲôҪҡʱϼû߲ҲŲڼֲȥĸмǳ
֪ϲҵû䣬ǳ֮еһжˣЩΪģҲɲԼΪӣʼЭıɶܵģϲıģĵһھȪ֮»жģˣеãͣЩꡣ

־䶼ǲᣬ־ֶǸᡣ 

ѾȻߣס֣ĬĬο

£ԾͥˣΪһҹŻ˻飬Ϊ˺ԶĵطǸطϼûиϣ

ҫѾʪۿʮڸղЩУ񶼻ص˹ȥǸĺӣյСŮ˵֪ⷬѾжôס
ᣬϲԶϲ۽ʲô£㶼ϲ仰ҫĵġ

Цŵͷ

ηƿⳡ֪˶ˣǰһ˵ʣȻϽӶˣ͸ŮͻɣҪ޸Ծͥ

£ԾͥףֻսɳΪЧԾͥסۿˮ롣׺ԼҪսɳһֱǲڣڽ˵ʮֲףĸҪôԣеҪο뵽 
ҪǣղܾԼʱĮûһů⣬ĲϲԼ

ƶҪ֡ʵҫǰҫѽΣӦ֪Ǹ°ɡ

ǡϼҸ뿪巵

ʵۿηƣɱ֮Ů¹¡

ʣ£ôôģηƴ󺰣ҲҪʣһġ

ƽ˰ȥ

η֪ʵˣҲٶԣԹˡ

ǲԱȲ֪ʵ۲޸иŵؿᣬ˸Ůֻϧߵ̫ˡ
Ϊϲᣬʹ빬ƣʱΣ

ôôá

ʵЦЦɵѾͷҹҪң˵ôãΪᣬôôġ
ƽȥ˵Ժÿ¸ƽƷԱٺ»ѽΪһź¡

ڵֻһ˵¡

ˣǶȥɡʵתڵ

ƽ߹ӻͳһƵݸᣬš

ḣ뿪巵

Ӹĸֳȥ֮ǰؼ࣬Լûôɹ
Ҳ֪ʹʵ۶ԸΣʹĹԸͬԼãʹ£Щһлصȥ

ҪصǸĸУԸԵ˺¡˻һҲΪ˿в෹̸ʡԾͥŻʵۺʹҵԼϲ֮飬ϾܾӣȻǺޣº󣬲֪Ҫӭʲôֻ֪

δ֪Ĳǲº˴ʹͺشȻ뿪ɡ

ڻӳ¹ĹϣͷĹЩ᲻ãӵһۿЩϲֻϧܴĿֺ٣ֻܳΪ׸

˵˭Ϊᣬеһֵ˾ףҪȡģмŮӵ˲һε֪ˡ

ֻǣͻȻЩʣȻ֪ӦһͬɽˮΪ飬ƣЩǶûǾ׼뿪ٷһذɡ




39.  ʮ լԺ   û뵽Լİ졭

, ˣСŮ빬Թĸм֮, Ⱳӿǻ, ±ٻѾҪߵ˼

Ĺҿʲô, ңһϲˣ˵ʲô±ӡ
ЩظҲӦȻ, ˻ڳý֤½֣²˽ᡣ
ᣬ˳꣬ɵЩҡ

ͷ, Ȼ̾, ̧ͷá

ĹŸ, صصݸ񣬡ڹ, 𲻱Ҫ鷳ûͣҪ, , ÿο

ˣʲôѽһѶȥһ˵Ķʱͻ, ޵һţȰƴЩӱ򿪵һ˲䣬̧ͷһ˫һɫ۾ˣĽлһ

èҲ̫ɰ̫Ưˣﾪ

ϲ˻˺ôѰһֻͨɫèҾֻûʵİɫ䡣

Ц⣬̫ϲˡ
ϲл̧

ʼռǵãһҹιֻСҰèʱı顣

ϲĲˣСضŪСèȻǺӣڻ

ͻȻӻͳӣعϴߵļûüϹӣȻϹ죬ʹΪתɡ
ⶼǰģҲհ졣

û뵽ŻӼǵ£ԼˣɲӶ࣬ӹСŮһת

ŻѾ׼ãĹ;ŻӶûϳ˼ֻÿڣʱˣǸˡ

˸Գ߰ɡȻָ

ֱԶˣĹ;ŻӵӰŽʧ

ῴװèʵϲŻ𣿡

ͷ˺þãŵ㣬ҲϲзǷ֮롣Ż˵˱£ҵȻĻϲسޣȢң޷ҪȢϲϲĲҪҲǽ㣬ñ¶Դ󲮵Ĵ˻飬ҳүʲôˡ

ҪȻû취ˣģҪԼƿأԾŻӵݣ¼ʹͬΪܵġֻҪŮӹ̷ͬŻӣ֪Ը𣿡

ûʸ˵ԸⲻԸ⡣ҧҧ촽ĸŮӲܵһ谮һֻ̫ܿǰ

ѽ˭ͬһ֮ˣԤϵ顣Ȼʶգǰ򶼷˱仯ĹŻ񣬻ףЩǰͬԼûйˣǣһ

˸ſڣһ³Ϳĸλ˸ſڣߵǰ

Ĺ;ŻӶˡϷȿٿ񣬡ҵСǽãû뵽һȻ˵˻飬һȴþŻģǷҫĲᣬˣ֪Ǹñϲ

ĸѾҫ٣ҪеһУֻӦöԼҸ𣬲Ӧö帺𡣡ЩԼոˣĸͼҽӰߡ
˵꣬˭ҲֱԼԺȥңԽԽˡ

һˡ

ļ󿴿ҿҲڸû۸㣿

ûУҡҡͷǶ˵ˣ𣿻н칬ˣ˺Щö֬ˮۡ

£ʱ䷢鶼߸һһЦġ
ý˻𣿡

ͷ˵̫ˣԸԳˡ

ûվ͵˻ˡ֣ص飬Ըһط

ȻԸ⣬Ǵլͦá׼

ȥǴլӣ뿪ǣȥԶģûʶǵĵطԸ𣿡

סˣ˵ʲô

һûʲôʱ뿪϶Ҫ뿪ģ֮ڰɡھȥȥլҺش飬ºһ뿪

ճڲʮ죬վլԺſڣЩϲ

ǰ˰̨ףլŻ˸ģſվСˣ￴кܶæµɨĴɨ˵İˣò֡

²ߴ˵طɣƣûѽǰû䣬ԶɽλҲû䣬ôоⲻԼǴլԺأ

ſڵСܵǰóС˿ǹ˵عˣ

ùС˿ȷʵԼǳ֣֮뵽ͬ˵Ҫ˴լԺû뵽Ӷ㻨СѾߵʮˡ

ֽԼС߽լԺ
شأ

ҽݡϹڶһӣ˵ǹվͿš

ͣס˽Ųҽݵĵַ

ǶĽֵ֮һΪشĵطС
ش￴ˣЦӭǳˣ˻һˣ

¶׼ˣӦûսͻ˻ˣϹأȥլԺûôҲڡ

شЦЦ߲ãȥϹӿ϶Ѿլˡ
֪լﶼӵˣعȥլԺȥͨˡ

̧ͷĴҽݣװξװҩĵǶָֿߣĵط̫ʦαīֽȫԺȥҩģˣá

ЩϹΪ
üͷڶʱô࿴ˣҵôõ棬治һͨΪ

شǣǮС

ҲǣǮС뵽ոտһУԽԽúܲԾԼլԺôԽԽ׵ġ

ԺƫŴ˺شҩˡ

شţҩĵĻæܹҩģشָǣǸȻæµȴӺشϿ˴ûľ

Һˡ

æҽݣٻլӡ

ڷլԺ·ϡƲʮֲ⡣
ϹӰһжźˣΪʲôģ

ԭլӸһֹУȴԼЩİ
飬˵լԺǣϹӵĻҵģ

ȻǹáҲе㲻ȷˣС˵ӣȻʮֹΪŻ񣬷Ŷȥ

ֻصլԺǰԶԶؾͿվſڵһСһѾߡˣΪʲô׾ùܼҺͯȥ

߹ûǰߣԭء
Щ⣿ȿᣬһ˼ˣǺܸжŶԡ

ͦġЦһ£תɫ
ֻǣЩǰϹǲӦúһ£˵˺ͿҽͬشΪͨ档ҽҲ˵˵լԺôദô֪ҵϲãĪǰչϲòõİɣôˣûģԺʮǹӵģôþôãô˾ȫźӰɣֻҪһ˾͹ˡ

ȵЦϣû뵽Լİ˴£᲻ģһʱ֪Ǻá




40.  ʮ ֺ   Լϸֺã

᲻, 龶ֱȥһ߽ȥɵۣŵɹİլԺ, ʵڲ֪ļ䷿Լˡ

ȸ, ԥС˵ķ, ҵԱߡ

Ժһ˶ˣʲôʱ˵ع˵ôԹָĻһ䶼û, СĶԴˣʮֵľԺعɵֽ

һ߽Լķ䣬ֱһ, αڷĻݻױ̨ǰ֬߰˺, ΪαĹĻҪࣿ

ͷףϹ, ǰʮӶϹһֱӻ޶ȣһǧ𣿡
ܼҵĳ̶, ϵǱ߸һĺţԳŲӽ

ֻù￪ġ˵ĺίҲӵһǧ, Ϊع, Żˡ

̾һϹӣ綼˵ˣ֮ͻˣ, ӱˡ񣬽ı˳ˣϸǷ㡣£ֻôݲҵլԺѡҵġѹرءôĶ飬ҿû취㡣

ѾʶԼĲ֮е̫Լˣô˵ҲֻǼסڴˡ
عʲôطģݣⷿʲô²á

㻹ӻӲѽԺʮӵǴģ²òѽ
תͷһǸ⣬Լ˵ǲеˣϾôҲ뱨˵ˣɡ

е㲻ζˡ
عҪҪȥԺ￴ǣ˳۵ģĶǲɢˣ

Ϲ¼˶Уеӡ飬ѡڿ¾ͺãھȥɣһлҪϹ˵

һţԽ׻ 
Ϲӣ룬αּƷԱٺ»ԺЩӲܻʣ¶٣Ǿ׸ǲҪУ⸮Ļùӵġ

ôһ˵Ⱦ͸ίˣ⼸ջ˲˼լеһжѡģֱԼʱҪģûͬҲڰѻ˵ôأͲûһǺ˼ġ

ⱾΪ׼ľϲû뵽˾ţôˡ

ôõģǼװľӦģͷһ²£Ļϲȸлȴ䣬ĵúܡ

ϸ룬ſڵĮ̇ףصĴţӸߵΧǽеһУȷǻ˼ģ˵ϲ̸ϣòõĲǵΪײöլԺ

ƫһߣ˵¶ϵĻǰԼĹصϵģԼϸֺãûźá

ȵǾ˵ĲԣֻԽԽ֪ôܴ飬ʵżĺܣֱֲ˵ǰ֪֮Լ˱˼²Ǽ̾Ͱ˳ȥ

޴ͷţܵĽɫЪϢɣȳȥˡ

һƣզأˣ˵䣬͸ɫˣ
Ϲίˣ

ȽŲһ٣ǣǺίתҪίȴڿһ˲˵

վŮӣεɫ𪣬󲡳ģ˽һ£ŸյáҪ˵ίԼܵıͲʲôˡ

̾һǰ˵ĶԣСȷʵ˼Ƿѣûﻶϲʲôݲ˹լԺ

̬ȳϿңϴӣһӾˣݲôլԺҲס
⼸չۻ˰ɣӹǱشﶼ˵ˣ˵ľɼףСŲǣҲ֪Ǹ֪ͼĺˣЩΪ˱ҸոЩ˵Щӱȥ

ߵǰعЩΪ˱

ѵΪסһЩҵġ

ǣס治ҪĲ֪Ҫô˵źá
ɻ͵ľ

˵ȻţֻǶ̫ѽ⿪ҷһˡ

ȵѽ⣬ٿüţȽ⿪ļ򵥣ֱסģһ϶ʵΪѡ

кѣⲻĲǡе㲻ͻȻ˵Щʲô

⿪ʲô⣿

ͻȻϹӣ⿪˭ģĪ빬⼸ύʲôѣ˭ҹӣȻŻȻɡ

ûύѣֻǡижϢɣ³ȥˡ

ῴȥ˵Ļֹ֣
Լ˱裬е˷İ衣ֱߵĲżܣ㷽ڷŴԱǸмӡֱһֽī⡢ʼܡʸڷ룬ԱһС̨ӣһ٣ߵĻľױ̨ɴᣣǷЩ˼еĲãһžͺܷԼ⣬ȻǾ֮

ˣԼµ֪Ҫ뿪ǰͬһôһȷƢ˭أҸղѾܴȵԭף¾ǹˡ
м£Ҫͬ齻

顣

Ŷ룬

Ҷ˵ºҪ뿪£˭ҲҪ𣬰ش
ʶشղŴϼǰδеĿ֣β˾͸β˵ҽݣβ˵ҩģԼֻܵ롣

ﲻ˵Ҫشһ𣿡

ˣǸҽݲӦǺشҪĹޡ飬ҲظˣȥŽϢʱҡ

ǡ

ߣϣеķ˻ӣȫǶֵС£ʮֻ졣

֪ʱѾʲô

Ϲӿڣش𣿡

Ϲڣشﻹû

Ҫȥˡ

£ȱǷȤº뿪֪²ٻɲúúһֲ֣׷ǰߵš



䣬ˮԼסһ죬߽ȴֺʱûʲôͬ

ʵϹôԼķҲһҪȻҷĲżܰĴֲ͡

ΪǱˣû뵽ᣬ˲ͱˣëʣЦͦãЩÿҲá

⻰ղԼ˵ġĪǰչϲòõġίʵԼЩ

Ϲӣҹȥ¸ȾƣΣ

뵽ӻ˵ͬȥ¸ĵһ˵岻ʸգһ᲻ڷ¸棬̫Ϊˡ

Ⱦƣ⻹򵥣¸̫ӣԺǰСϪԺǴɽβΪĻԵΪϯͬǣգ

üһЦֵ¡£ϹĪ붳ң




41.  ʮһ Ҿ   Ϊ½

һ, ܿ˵޷һҾ볦, 㲻ˡ

СŮΪ, 絽˵괺ů֮ʱȥһ뵽ºҪ뿪, ˿ڣãӵġ

ɽʱǣƥȥ, Լһࡣ
ϹӣÿҽΣձǵһա
ţ׾ô, ºҲѧ, ʱ⴦լԺҲ, ɴҲǱΪԼı֮
뵽, ͷЦպοදôλ˵˵ȥ, ⴦լԺԼԵֲ, ƽʲôҵ˭ϲá

ã㿪ʼɡȺڵʱ⡣

һߵʵǺܵСĶͬʱ, Ҳڹ۲㣬ƴԸ㣬Ҳġ
ҲǲһģеȻģеƢúܣ۸ͻˤֻҪͬ㣬ͻ㵱ˣĵġ

ЦعεģƢ־󻹱𣿡

ֲһȣ̬ȿѧŶ

Ķ˵Ȼ
ǲ

ǶᾪϹһͨʱܾǾҪǣʵͶԴСһ


ȵ¼Ҳ£Ҳ棬߻ûġ
ѧˣʶĶ¶ˡ

ԭˣҾ˵Ӳһ㶼ӣҪҲѣӻߣӦúܿͻɱˡֻһƥԶˣҲ׷ϣȸٽɡ

Ƚùãġ㿴ǰһƽأǾɡ

˨ֵԵƬ̣ȥʰЩ֦𡣡

ԶῴԼ˲ź𡣡

տǼʶˣѾˣҲܵعӻбԭµĻᣬعӾĲԼ
¡

׼õ֦ùУðԶһЩ

ǡ

ϰѾȡһſûھͼЩ֦˹

վ֦û뵽֦ͦ졣

һתӦԵĻѿڶ˵Сʱһʱ£ʱѧ˺öı£ҪҪץҰҰųԣ

ϧʱûϹֻȸҲ

ûãһӻͳһ㿴ֻȸ
˵ȾͶȸ˹ȥһʹˣȸ

ܹȥȸϹ

ЦЦСʱˣҲһȸҰáϵĴӥǵùҼѲ

ῴȸӰѵպðɣһֻ͹ˣҿԣﶯﱾ٣ˡ

ı飬ȵԶﶼģȻкñһԽԽõġ

᲻ԽԽ֪Ӧǲˡ

ɫҲΧڻԣֻȸѾˣ˵ʵһϢæһ죬ʲôûԣеˣֻţһһںš

ˣʵϹӿʲô£ 

еΣǿջЦ¡ƺúȶѡ

һڣһѽûٽ¥ĺ쳾úȣҲûĹ𻨾ƺúȡ

֪ܷҺϹĹ𻨾ƣȶŻеᣬЩУ㿿һЩ

Ҫ𻨿ʱ򣬵ʱӦѾڳΪ٣ڶǣҲ֪ȥδɣһ̫֮ʣСŮʵڲԡ

ǵȥֳǰ＾𻨿ã˵Ҫǿһͬȹ𻨾ƣֻһս

²εأǹġ
ԽԽǰȴԽԽģ

תͷȣϹӣ̫ˣƺЩҡ

ǰ˵Ҿů׼̫׼ˣҵľƣټпտգС
ͷһᣬ̧ۿϵµعﻹǵǳһˣȻǿ˻ѣȻñڰΧ֪ԼܲܰȥǺڰеİ¹⣬ҾҩΪҩûС

֪ˣŲһӣøһЩ
ĲعһҹұǮӣ׷С͵֪׷ʲôطƱգֲָĺҹĹ⣬ӿȡůҹҲһƿҩʵӦ

Цֺһڵ˵ҹǻ𣿡

Ͷˣǧ˵֮ĻˣСŮˡ

վͷеľһߵǰæֳˣСĻѡ

ôԶȶ
һֱˣֱϣ޿ˡ 

ȷסļüʵɲԲҪŹ¶ϣΪô࣬Ϊ˱𣿡

䡪ˣΪ˱ΪʲôѲϹ
ѽ˵ڼϲԼɱǻ⡣

Щˣû뵽ˣҲҪʼ˼绹˵𣿡

ͻȻЦȴȿ޻ѿ
⻰û˵ǹԼ²ģ˵ǲ¡

ĺܻţ뿪ϹӣˡȥȴָƲץסԼļԽԽ

ع㵱ʲô
ŨصľϵҩζǰƺϤǸĶŵ

Ǻѣ֪Ϲӣˣǻȥɡ

Ҿ֪ҾͲʡдЩʹſļҪȴʧһͷĲѹϡ

ϵζ̼̼ͨͨžƾһѽڻ

ŵˣʹǺԾͥлԼʮأҲֻӵһ£ֱ۵ľˣҪ

ԼҲյģʹѣ˭֪˱ĸˡ

𶯣𶯡˵֣һƵҾƵ£Լ

ὩӲӣٿܣֻĻȻůȴǽ֮УĺҹУһƵԼ˵Щ岻Ļ׿Ϊ¶Ǻ¡

ϹӣЩ¡

ɿֱֱۣ͸ݳǰĵĴܸУԼô࣬ľȻĺ¡

Ѿ󷢵ȸ֪ղԼ˶صǾ仰ںžƾҲ˵˵ڣ֪Ҳˡ

ǰʵ᲻ãҪḧգȴڿҪʱͣһ٣תɢյ˿۵˶
ô࣬ΪңҲعǣ֪Ψһ֪ԣҡ




42.  ʮ ̬   Ҫˣ

ҧҧ촽, ˵ֻ֪̫ѵãҲ뵽

һ, ˱, ĺ󱳣ֳԾ֮ͥӵ, Ȼܿ˿
ԭϹҪ˼ίʵҪô֪֮͸Ŷԡ

վϹ, ǻȥɡתȥǣ

ž;ЩڸˣȴŴؿڿ, Ѿʼе֧Ųס, ˵жҩû, Ҳûľƣ, Щ֧ţһͷð˵亹

ɣһ, סؿ

ǣ߹, ΪȲƣɡ

ڿȵʱһ԰׵Ĵ, ϸϸܵ亹ûüشĻ;ҵĿ

Ϲӣôˣ
ȻæΪȥ亹ܻһˣһ־ӿͷ

¡ֻҪܼС

Ǳ۾þȫûа취վӾҿ֪ĸҩзŵʴȫǵĶԶʱ򣬻ѪתԲֹ
ԼǽԳֵģνվʧ˷ִ磬ԼƣҲͰˣɽв뿪

ûˣ뿪ҡ

УҲ뿪
飬ӵұ㡣ɷ˵Ҫץ׵ĸ첲ܵԼϡ

üƺҲûİ취ˣֻ

վһûߣ;ø˿ʹһð˳
Ӳȣˤڵأæعñˣ㱳ҵģҵģ뿪

ỹģ˵ЩͣͣҲУܱɵźãֻ֪Լ˿ڿѿˣټ϶ֲ͵õ¡

Ȼ˵ʲôûڣ־ҿ

ḧĺ󱳣뻺Ŀԡ

ͻȻԶһǽУһɽϾȻǡ
Ȼֺֽţ֪ҹ·Ҳ첻ˣҪһʱڻǲҹһ֮ˣ޷ûԿǵ˸ô죬ܶײܡ

ҲżֻҪ뿪Ի˶Լ֧Ų˶þͻʹȥֻʱһţԶ˹ݼ̾ͱ¶ˡ

ȻȥúشҩҾͺá

УǣҲһ˴ɽϡᾯĿܡ

̬˼һůںġ
ȿȡع˵ԼȻȥϢƬ̾ͺˡ

ȻϢƬ̾ͺˣҾ㡣ȵļ򣬲ͣΪ˳ź󱳡

ȫɣϣԼĻ˹ȥʱһԻǲ֪СǻǻЩȥҺشȳˡ

Ϲӣ䲻䣿˵žҪϵĴ׸ϡ

Ƚץסϵ֣䣬ȿȡƸպãˡ
㣬ֺȥɣȿȡ

ῴֻסԼǽڷֿ֣ͨͨͣܵӣԼҲ

֣įſˡ

ϣᷴס֣㣬᲻һЩ
ǵԼСʱˣĸ׾ڴһֱץ֣úаȫС

ȷֲΪǿűԸɵ˼̽ʵعȿȡˣ᲻ģ

ΪԼãȻӴкתҲûܻþá
ұ⣬ԭҲԼһ׵ĳŵҲ

˵ʲôأԼԼģ㲻˵ϢһͺôŵĲˣȵյĸˡ

Ȳ˵۾ĬȻЦԼ˸ɵ⡣

˵⣬ģһεˣʬ죬ôڴһԼԼȥ˻ˡ
ͷȽ˫ۣŵĿԣǲͣðϸϸ亹ٴΪȥˮ

ǵĹΪ˯ŵԼۣСƹΪԼ¸Ϊ٣зˣˮľΥģ˳˻ûʹݲլԺǳ⡣

ǳٵѺ࣬ûһ˶Լƺһ仰û˵С

ԽԽһˣôأˡĺԤһܿʼر¡

Ȼ֮䣬סˣ˺ʧȥһ˵ĸоֻй˵ĸֳףǺʧȥΪʲôأ

⣬ɡ

룬һ뷨ٿʱ̬ȫͬˡ

ʱʹĥӣ۲ѡ

˦˦ͷԼȱ˼룬ڵ֮Ǵ׼شϿβ

ϹӣûкһЩ

۾ԼƭˣûмʱҽΣֻԽԽأʲôϢһͺõ˵
̫á

УԴУعͷסҡ

ǿŲʣ˾ҵĿԣɷȴվһ˲ͷһ³һѪˤڵء

סȵһ˲䣬оԼ˿ѿˣæסܝBѪա
Ϲӣˣ취ȥ
ῴһȻûôױȴȥ

ԼĴ멣취ȵ£ֿʼ˺·ĽʵЩ˩ϣȻȥ

Զһʼʱ磬û߿ҲЩ𿴣ɫˣ˶û뿪˼߿ģģ˰ĺܽӻعϣ룬˻һԳ

˭֪ԽԽԾôʱˤڵأһ̾Ϳع˴£ֿʼ˺·׹

׼˳ȥ뵽ڻܱ¶ݣѽ

ˣɴûᷴӦһơ

˺·˹ȥСĽ˽סƽڵϡ

㣡ҪˣֱܻӳԼҲȥҺشû뵽ֱӴᡣ

¡æȱұ»ȥֶԱߵİعͻظ

ᱧҪһ۾ͿֵĵѪ

Ѫɫ԰׵ȣѿ
˲Լģÿһ붼ۣ𣬶ǰա
ô˸ôأ

˿͝BѪᶨȻ˿ѾѿˣȴȻ֧ûбֳ˿ʹҪˡ

ҧ԰ԸСͻȥúشϿ鿴عơ

ǡ

һߣſϵȿ챻ˣ֪ҲΪ˾̫ⷽ޴ˡ
˵Ǹӣ




43.  ʮ    ӱ˵Ļ

±, §ǿЩúعùøʩ롣

ʲôã书ǿ, ʱӲ, ͻСԼͬʹ, ˵Ѿֵܣղˣ緣ȥˡ

ܿ쵽˸, شһӭȱ䣬ڴϣش׼롣

æʵȿȡù, عˣ

·, ˿°ˣ޴, ҲѾ˯ˣҸʩɡ

ᰲ, Ȳŷġ

Ⱥشʩ룬ȾúöˣЩ, Ŷҩˡ

Ȼ, ŵ۽˹ҩһֺݺݵһۣˡ
, ǵԼ۽ģôܹͷϡ

ʲôʱܺʹЩ˴عûİ취֪֪ϣ

£ǡȻش˵ˣԼҲЩ׿˵ģʹһˡ
ع𣿡

شҲһۣܴعأϻˣӦøϿҡ

ңûô࣬žȵݲܱ¶һʱǣع

ȵǼǣɡ̾һ𣬺عùãұҲûعãֻǳòȣûа⵹̫֮ǰҲܰǣ⸱ӲδȬκ˹ףǣ֪ҶعһƬͻζԴعﲻҪٶ˵˰ɡ

ȭ·ģյĴ²ٷˡ

ǳȥɡ£Ըع͡
شΪ᣺˳ȥ

峿һ۹⣬͸ɴҫʱת飬۾һ˲Ŀհף漴ҹ¡

ٿܣķɣôģ˿û˼䣬ֻǵһ̻˺·һ̾ʲôǵˡ

ץ·ϣԺС

ԺֻѾڴɨˣͣĻһѾ˹
ˣ

ûᣬֱȷȥŰţֱƿš

شҪҩ岽ʵϹӵĲˣ

ȿûϴңһҼеӣӿһůæ˵λʵˣ

û£㿴վģ㣬ǸӿɰŻˡ˵ԾôģҹҲûôʲôǵˣѽⲱżôôʹ˿ڻʹ
һͷû£ûעԼĲʣڿû£ŷʹ

شҩ۽ݸȣΪᰴĦ Ťˣ£վͺˡ

תͷ뱳Ϲӻѵʱ

ش￴һȣͷпܣΪȻ˵˽硣

һ߻һʵôģ

ȽĿҩݸشᡣ
عôصΪû˵Ҫشңһֱʱ˿ѿˣҲңشûǣ֪Ҫ˫˫ɽˡ

᲻ʵҹô𣿡

شæҵǵʱ򣬹ϹӶȥˣ̧ʱ·Ѫս͸ˣΪʧѪŻġ
ˣش￴һȣ˵ȳȥˡ

űϵһ̣İе㲻Ȼ

Ϊʱ̬Ѿ֮ǰЩһˣȥϸ׾Ϊģʹⲻȥ룬Ҳֹеݼ¶

С֯ԣܱǸҺˣ˵Щ˵Ļȥ

ȥѾģЦû˵˵Ļң̫ûˣشûмʱ롣

ô˵֪ʱô멹סңһԲԼȴΪ˾ң˸˵Ƿ˹һΡ
ȾҺǣɡ

𣬹ӱ˵֮ĻˡˣűԼȴ˲е˼Ҫƿģߵ;ò뿪ο׶ԼеĺãȫΪ;֮뿪˽ӦòнˣҪƺԼܶɲҪţֻһͷһҪϨ

Ϣɣȥʰһ¡û˵ʲôš

Ѿ߸Ϊϴ꣬ͻ𼱻ǵĳ˽
ٽڸе

еĿͭϽһˣ

ûУٽ˵˻ǰм仰һҪ˵

Ӧذɡ
ͬʱͷվڷſڡ

һݣɿĳۣ᲻Щϧ
ϹôˣϢϢ

߹˵

ЦǸղСŮͷŵ𣿡

ʲôӶÿᡣ

⻰˵һ죬ͷ٣־ԼӦˣɫӶϢȻظЩ顣

ȵԾͥ˵ʲôһ˻İɣе£ᶯҡ

ô˼˻飬˵ʲôҶת⣬ȻҪң˵Ļ˵꣬Ҳõ˻顣ת˸

ԶȶԸշѾ߷ԸȥſڵԾͥΡ

ԾͥԺУŸɫĶЩ߹æӭȥᣬ㿴ʲô

ӹһŻֽǩġ
ǩǩģƾԲŮٻ飬Ե

ᣬ㿴ȥģǩ

Ƭ̣ɣǹǩ󣬹ӶСŮ˵ˡ
ǲԾͥ˲֪ԾͥԼˡ

ᣬȻ˵ˣٸһλһøȥ´ͻ飬֮ϳס

Ĳ֪ԾͥΪλ˾ʵ벻ףȻ᲻ΪҪȴһϣֱԼ
Ϲӣ巵˵ѵ𣿡

˵Ĳ˵ģ˵ˣϽͻʵ۶ˣͲԾͥ

Ծֻͥһ뵽˻㲻ᣬôҲ˵Լô꣬Ѿ϶ҵޣȫû취ʧȥһô

ȴûңӻһս٣СŮһ䡣

˵㾿ҪΣٳĸ㿴𣿡ԾͥĴԼš

ῴҲܣңڲ˻Իڡ˻飬Ƕõѡ񡣹ذɣս˻پˡ




44.  ʮ    

ȷľܾѾֹһ, ÿһζӲġ
ᣬһֱûʹԾֹͥǲϲˣ

ü, ѵϹΪ˻Ϊ˼޸Ҹ, ˭ҲޣⱲ, ҹ¶ϡ

ҹ֮ǰ˵仰ʱһ˵仰Ժо͸׵Ӱӡ 
ԾͥͻȻϲ⣺ˣҾʱ䣬ת, ᣬһҪȢ㡣

ЦЦ꣬Ͳ֪ںδˡԾͥȻ, Ȣ, ܡ
֪֮֮˵ɡ½, ˻鲻ˣϽҲż, Ҫ¸Ϲӻȥ׼˻飬ҲԸ㣬ֺοΪҡ

ΪѣԾͥЦ, ɼǵ֮ǰ˵ϲҵĻ

ɫ, ͲˡҺѣԹһֱ֮飬һֱ, Ҳֻ񡣡

Ծͥʱ絶ʣþ˵һ仰

飬Ϳ͡

áԾͥڰ֣ģԼ뿪ˡ

εľܾ˵ԾͥˣϦǰһգϽϷǰ˻ʱԾͥδ˵ǲˡ

õ˻飬ỶȸԾ̰ϢףҲԼȥĵԱл⡣

·ߵţһվס

Ϸ˺ҰѶã꣡

̧߿СʵղǳϦĸǸʲô˵ʲôʱ껹Ҫã

ԼúúôԵؼҵڣ֮ǰ㣬Ϊ뽫Ļ£㻹ʲôֵҶ
ϷһֱĴϣ֪ʵ׼˻ϣ뷣ˣκ͵Ӱ˻϶Ҳû취ˣµҪ

ݣЦҳǷŮƽŮ

ûӵŮû˽Ż£ĸȢǺͽȥ˭Ȣ㣬񻹲使ΪؼϷ˵Ĺصڵϡ

ؼֳսһ̾ûˣ˵ʲôֻÿЦ

ˣԶѵͲؼܳϹͷûǰȡؼҾͻп֮˵ģλа취ס

׹ˣΪΰܼҵĶ壬ĸܸôΪڸֳսĸʼ˵˵ȥǹ̵û
Ϊ̫Ϊӣλˣολˡ

ֻǣ֪µòһ䣬ĸӹӲʣεĿƿҪʧˣĿƿʧҲ֪֮û翼ȡˡ

ؼԶ³ڷּ֮ǰܿȡĸȻٴ̣ٶ֮֮Ĵ򶯻ʵۣ˵

ҵ֪֪ĸд뷨޴ֻ֪̾Ϣǰοƿûпй

㣡ѵ뿴ؼ˵иҲΪʲôҪŷּأϷǰ˼⡣

ˣƿʵʵ˵ˡ룬ĸԶ׵ġ

˵ĸҹؼڣӦ˳ӣɣҲǺú˵˵
˵꾶ֱȥ

ãŹϵλ̹Ȼعȥ

ϷСſڣԷ͵͵ܡ

һҹкѡ˵ºҪ뿪ˣԷ㻹Ҫգͽͬںúøһ¡

Ϸ˲ţ뿪ǰĽȥϹӺͺش˵һҲǹˣǱġ

Źϣῴʮƣ游׺͸ģһҲʶЩ˶˵ǺңԶĴڡ

˫ֺʮĬĬ˵游λڣСŮᣬǵĺԳûһȴ˺үҿΪصޣһ·ǰ·ػǾҶ¡ĸԸؼ֮ʵؼҾѾĴ©ˮĴز˶þͻᱻûϵӦÿԼŬϰǿ˭Ļǿȥϵ©λڣҵ뿪Ϊ˻ţΪ˸õĻţ棬ܹҡ

ͷֿǿƵ磬кö໰Ҫ˵֪㿴Ծͥǡ


֪˵˶ãЩˣҲˣŲӣıƣ˿ſڣС˲ûз͵ɴϥǡ

ҹѾһ죬ֶȶľˣſСҲƣˣ

˯ͷһأԺ֮ʣԭûӣͻȻůܰġ
ع

۾ף־òԾһӣܣһʱȥſڵСˡ
ģѾˣˣһۻ˰ɡ

ֱ˫ţʵôģ|ǽ𣿡

׵ͷǷ|ǽ

|ǽ˵Цû뵽ġͣϵĶҿĲˣôߵΧǽҲܷ

Щӣ˻ſڵš

ͷϴδҳǸȷʵǼ򵥵顣Ϲӣʲô£

վǳϦ뵽ΪҪ죬լҲңص˵һ
ϦǱٳһ峿밲һȱϯģӦڻһ쾡ТӦҪڹмգҲѡ

Ӳһ˵ģش˵һҲ֪ˡ

ЩĹƻûãҪ﷣򡣡ȴӻȡ޺СɵӣǺشոƳģϥǴһЩҪһ죬ȹˡ

ЩжϹӷǽΪ˸𣿡

ȵʱһǳ谮ܹĴ

̧ͷǰ˵Ŀ⣬һ׵̶ˮҪԼ۵
Ȼæ㿪Ŀ⡣

ΪϵɡװţҪϵϥϡ

ᾪһ£Լͺá

ЦᣬϵϥǺ࣬ﲻ㣬ɡȻƿȹǣ£𣿡

Ѿ֪˼Īס˺ǰӵͷ

õ϶Ĵ𸴺ɫϷ˴˷ȷʵЩ
ȵ¶͸˿ϥǴ鵤ҩһ㣬øʡСĵӣȻһ̶ͣһᡣ

ǹǽڷָذϵ˵棬ҪٹһգҲϥǣ귣ЩȥҺشЩѪҩ

ϵЩᣬعҸˡ

Ҫվ𣬵һѾӲһվȣЩ

æסСġ

̾ݶ͸ⶼˣǲġԣ뼴̰ԼУϸ

յĺһֱӵ˶ͬӶ˺졣ٿ۾ƺҲûؿڡ
ȼᲢûƿɫڻС
˭ûٶ˵һ仰⺮ҹеãֻõ˵




45.  ʮ 뿪(1)   ޹ء

һ

е˼Ҫһͣס, ׵ѧʿȡ£ѾҪ뿪, ׵֪, Լ˱˼

ͷȹβ, 촽ҹˣӿլԺϢɡ

֪Ǻԭ㲻, ýҹƺܲһЩ飬һ飬ϣ
ǰһ, ˫סļ, ﶨҪ

ǿŹŵ˴򿪵ϣ, ΪָտɴҲžشĲϵⶾ, ܹİ֮˹ס
ιܿˣﶨȻƽһ

΢蹫Ӽԡ

ת뿪, ᶢȿֺϵŴվ˺þá

ڶǳϦ, Ϸһ絽ÿһۣԸС˲ţ֮ûˡ
һ졣󺮷󣬵˺ҹ, Ͽշ̻汬ͷЩᡣ

ȥպĸһ̻ͬľĿ˵ֳԶڱ߽ĸ׵ǰġ

ڣ⸮еֻϲԲͶ޹ء

ĻҪ´ů֮ʱ뿪ѵԼࣿ

뵽ں˶ԽԽã뿪˼شҽݣ˾ŻӣĹΪȥ˻̫ãסӦҲᣬмԼҪʱ֣Ϊ̫ˣ·ۡ

˼ãͻȻһèд˼

ӴһֻСèһϳǾŻ͸ֻ
СèڿȥѾûӰſС̾һ

ѰèůԼ·ǲҵģȻ֪ҵƻһµô䣬ôСô죿

Сèƺ˵Ļֲգǡ

յЩůƵλھ޸ŻӰɣԸɡ

ؼȣʹеĳϦ֡Ƿ׷ʵ񣬶ʱϵȴǽ˺һ̰īԱ

ǻģΪΪ̡

˺ӿ֮ãδɣǻʵ۽һͬ죬֡˭ִ֪µĹԱ̰īɷ磬֪Ϊշ£ЩԱΪãδֹ

̫ӵõϢĴ飬֤ȷ䵯̣ûкԼλĻᡣ

һԱ̫̰ī֤ݣ¸̷֪̣ǳģҵ飬Ƚ˺ӾδɵԭԼϣԼʧ죬ôԱ˿ɳ֮ǿ׳һֱ˺Ӽ๤δܡ

˵ʧûʲôˣҷ̰īʱֹ̰īԱʵҲô̫Ӽ飬鵽Ͼˡ

Ȳڻʵٳ֮ɨ˵£ȴ˵Ҫñ¸֮ʱ档

ʵ۳ʹˡȫһ֮䣬ʧٲȲһеͨͲһˣŻʵ۶Լƫһδΰƣƫƫûһʧ㡣

һδεƭкܣΪ˽ȥعڵӲͷƤˡ

ĶĲˣҪػˣ͸ðˣӺת£ûʵ֪ΪʵһûθУͺû˲𣬵ȻҲͲƫԼȡΪ̫Եˣˣ̫ӻΪѣ취ȥԼʱԼڲԶˡ

ȿŻʵ۴򿪾ڵɫԽԽڵ˵ʣһ񡣡
С̫չһ׳ĻĽ˺Ӻͺյľͼ

Ĳûʵٳ֮ʱʶ˴˻

ȻʵڿЦ⣬ָ˵ѽֻϲݽ˺̰ī̲ɷá˺ͼ֮ǰǷ٣Ͱٽɡ

һֹˡ

ҪּʱʵͻȻ˵޼ǵù֮ǰв룬ôǵòȥڶѽ

һ仰ӻ

û˵ʵֵ²㼰ʱ֡˵йͣйѽ

ͣظʹɫȾûһ˿ᡣȻֻ֪ϻλԼڸĵܵܲпܻ͡

ܷҲѵÿζԼΪ

ǰظʣǰڼලһʱ²֮£̰īһҲȷʵֺܽ󡣡

˵ʵ۳ɫ˵ȵĴˣ

ʵÿγƺԼĶΪȻҲгƺΨȲͬһ㶼û֮µĺʲôá

¡ڻʺĻվѾỨŻʵ˵ĸĲˣǰʱ䳼岻ʣ˼ǽ飬£ҪͷҰɡ˵žĨ

ʵһοŬ޿ϸ²㣬ѽ˵ˡ
û˵Ҳû˵˶˻֮⡣

ʺһĻʹҲ˼ʹ߻ʹɫ˭֪߻ӲһãȻ

̫̾Ϣûʼãȵڻʵ۸ǰ˺ã͵ľԼֺȼ֣ʱʺǰ˵
ʣҿܽˣͱ̫ۣ˺һ²ɡ

˲Ϊ˺˶Ѫѵʱڸոնȹʣջȴˣ
ʣ˴̰ī֪ˣܰңȻٳϵ˺ͼǹͬɵģȻΪҪνͼе˺ӡ

ְˣȻԸ⣬֪̫ӵ˺ôô硣
ʣ˵öԣµ˺ͼȷֵܶ˹ͬɡ߷ڣø˺񡣡

ʵһЦŶ޾֪Ҳͣãá
̫ӣ»ȶɡ

̫һû˵ǣǰһҾȺҲһҾ
ּ

ݺ裬ｻֻ̨˸˼ӭĵ

һʵ˵ּ⣬ȷΪѸ¡

ڻּģڳԤ֮УǱʱЩ
ԭͻլԺᣬҺشҽҪˣȥ
ʥּһ£ͲòԼУӭӸλӡҺʹСԱĵŰݷáʱǲ֮ܽ˾֮ġ

ȽּͬʱϷ˷

һص˵飬׼һ£ʮ忴ʱ뿪




46.  ʮ 뿪(2)   ޽

Ҫҩ, ͻȻһͣﲻ˵ºôô죿

綼Ҫߣʲô塣į

ͷá

شҽݿ, ˼Ѫһæǰæֺ, ˵Ҫͬشһͬ˯ҽݡ

˹ĹӲǶס˼, ŻӼֱҪ̫ģÿһ¹ֱӴ񣬰Ż
ڹʱգú, ĹǸӵ£˵ʲôǳ˵ĲȻټ߳, ܻʵ, Ϊֻϧ, ֪ܻãҪȻ϶һ֮λ
Ĺ˵ÿ, Ҳģֻǵ÷䴫˵ԹѵԸ, Щ¶޹ˡ
ֻ⼯ǧ谮һĹ, лʵۺӾŻӳ谮ضȻһǡ

߻ظʼ׼ϸ˵լԺȺ, δ顣δ顣һֱʮ춼δ顣

ЩԼΪûȥļѶΧһ飬Ծδס
һ룬οҪףȻ뿪ûҪ

ʮһὫ빬Ƹ˵Լղ빬˼Żӣ빬δƴǣһߵĽ˹οദá

ģȥԶլԺԻδ飬شд˷ѹͷ£ĵʲôʱܿȫƾԵְɡ
дһ׷䣬κ֣ǧﲻ֪Ӻ˵ֻðѾС

ɫ࣬Ǹֵ˻ƣ黻װֵȺиķ

飬뿪᲻ڣ

ᣬұ޸ĸҵˣȥȥġ

ǰ·һƬãԼԻĸá

ǰвµյģȥ֣ͬһλӽȻ죬Ȼͷǿ׵ӰϸȥȴѾټ

ӣӣͬµյ

عԳЦЦԼЩ˼ˣȻֻþ
Ҳˣǡû£ȥƾĹӽкûͷ

Ტû˾ȡ

⼸һֱ˶٣һа˵ܱ˶Ǹ
аϲ᲻һͬ仨ơ

ڵ֪ûȥլԺڷþŻӽʱһͬᣬ취ȵֿڣȥż

ҪЩţ뱻ͻİݷòס߲һߣ̲ĴҴҵָȥ
ֿڣǡҪһУżûע⵽ԶµյλӾԼ˼ҹˡ

ȴʱȴûпᡣΪ˲ɣװżɡ

ֿ˿ʵأ

׶һ𲢲ȣŻѾ¸ǼȻ֪ˣΪ׼ΪŻӵ˿ûй֮⡣

㲻ڸУ֣ȳˡ

ѽһֱ٣ôûء

ȶû˵ֱլԺȥش˵һûٳˣͻȻ˲õԤС

𣡡
ڣ
ȥعںδ
ǡ
Ҳ˺ܶ˶ţôҲأ

ȵȡȺܿ췴ӦعϲװǱˣȥ൱ӡ

ǡ

ȥشﰲο±𼱣ﰮ֣껨ƾͻظˣ⼸ȵ£һ϶

˵ţԸˡȴԽԽ
һҹ˳ȥǷ˸鶼ûҵˣſڷݶİҲûظ

˾ƾʧˡ

ȵĵһ뷨ǣ᲻ԾͥĴᣬ֪˻գԾͥһ𣬴δʹҪʲôҲõȲðɡ
˺ᣬҲˣûôͲأ

˿ֻʣһֿܡ

Ĺͺشﶼ˵һ糣ŲҪ뿪ӣϸЩԾ

ڳն˵Ⱳӻ±ٻ
ҽݿ뿪ҽݣҪͬش˯һ𣬻Ҫ˯
빬ƶ

һĪչʧȴȥңȥңĹԻʵ˵ҪȥʱϷȴ˵ӣȥѧˣ湻ȻͻǺ

Ҫ˳ѰʱشＱҴһ  ȽӹչСӡ
شԭҵĲǶ𣬽ԵټլԺͽϹӴأ

ŵֲͣԵټʲô˼أΪʲôأǲ룬Ĵϣ᲻ǳȥ漸գû뵽ʵǰô޷ܡ˲ֽŷּģһ뵽пҲͷһѪֽƮڵϡ

඾δ壬вżشæסⶾȣմɽϻʱͷҾֻǶһ򣬷Ϊҡ

ֵּŭĨȥѪԷתѾ˺üգ᲻֪ȥ
ȥ˱ڴ룬Ŀټ֮աĿѽξһ仰˵͵͵ȥξ֪  Լһǻؿڣϲ޴йίʵܡ
ȵãЦ֪˾͸ǿȥ

۾ںԼ侲취
شȥɣһ˴һᡣ

شӼţҲֲ֪ܲȰοֻȥ

һһҹδţҲûһڶͻڷſڲҽȥ

ڶ峿һ˳ȥش

شҴҸȵһҪ˼Լӣˣȥӡ

Ҳعֺη
֮ǰһһ죬֮Ҫõ˼Լİ֮أҲǼ尾׷ˣ˼һһҹҪԼһ塣

֪һҩʱ˳ʽ״̬

Ҫʲô

һع

½ٹϳʵ鲻ͷһȣȣɫΪ˲԰ס

˵ǻʵۣڻӺٹٶˣȺʱᵹȥӣݣƮҡɫȫޡ

ûôʳֵգϳǰ˺شҩ裬ģҪġ

ǰʲعģû˵꣬ѪͻȻתĿھʹ֪ҩЧãһѪ˳ǰһƬڣ˲ʧȥʶ

һƬңȱ̧˻У̫ҽƵƵҡͷ˵޽ñºͻڰ

׼ᣬǰ˵ʣ֪һ취ܾ硣




47.  ʮ ϲ(1)   

ʵæʣϾ, ʲô취

ǰնӳۣɺܾ꣬Ƚ֮ˡ

̫Ӳʵ£һ̫, ڵȵҪ, ɲʲô֮

Ĺ˵ļٵģҪһԲ֪

˵öԡƽ

ūڡ

ȥǵ۵ĵΪȺꡣ

Ѱźһ, ̫ҽһߣŻĹæѻָѪҩι˽ȥ

ˣһȾȻ, ̫ҽʮ־ȣ£Ѫ˻ָ֮ơ

ʵ۴ϲҪ͵, ȴһɨ, С۴񣺡£ƶлҪ˵

뽲

кת, Ǽհˣֻһ취ͣһ, ˵֣ϲ

ϲԹ֮ʲôʵֵİ취ʵʣ֪ļŮӣ

ֻ˼, ָͣ, ͻȻǺԭ֪ܽΪԶˡ

ʵæʣǺ⣿

²ҪżƶŮӰдٿ

죬īź򡣡

дõݹ, ʵ߶ţŮʮˣǸûˡ
ƽ
ūڣ
ȥѷŮȫõѡ
ǡ

ƽҪȥȴվһԶŰֿﾪȵⲻƽ𣿡

˶סˣæʣǷŮǰո뽫˻λ

Ĺæش𣺡

ʱʣŮո˻飿
Ĺǣȥ¡

ּƬ̣ŮǷĸ˫һ¶ǰЩɥԶ磿

ôһ˵˶ˣⲻ

˵ţ£ŮЩɾ½ɺϣѷԲʮǴдŮӶһƶϸϸѡ
˵Ϊ»̫ӴһΪʵŮӸϲ߰šҲֻ˶Ϊϲ֮·᲻ɣ

Żȴüʣ˵ŮԶ磬¶ʱںѰΪɸݵ˵ṩŮӻ񼴿ɡ

ʵһ̷Ը취ãƽȥ죡

˿̣գǾʹķз˵Ƿ֦ͷˣӣʵ۰ӣϲŮҪȥᣡ

һʱĻ̻̣ΪȷʵϿŲǣȥŮӷϡ
ҶΪϣһŮӲ˻Ǹոճ׷ˣп˷֮ӣ϶ܳϲһ˵һǰЩɥʵһС纮ɥΪ˱ѻø

һ¾ָᣬ˵໹ǰֻǾΪϲһ޶ѡ

ʵƬ̲ȣһּ⣺Ѱ䡣

Ѿڴ֮ǰ˶ֲȽ˶ͬڹ֮أֻҪỹڱʵּһ£Ȼܰҵ

һתȾּԼԸȥˣʵʵع

˵δܶ࣬ȻûϲǸù

ʵЦѽؼҹԵַǳû޵ǼˣΪһϲġ

ȵͷһЦʻһеġ

£һ㲻֪˶ǣһ·ϵȥҪȥ׵ļʲôӡ

˾ڿջס£һܷ羰˳˽һ·飬ú⡣

峿𴲣򿪴һʿŷȥ
ôôʿŷȥѽ

Ҳ⿴һۣǳ͢ʲôҪɡһϵװסˣҲûʲôȤģվ͸·ȥɡ

ʰðţȴ˳Ķ飬ʿŻһһ˵ضԱȣǳϸӵʿǻս£ҵһǺҪˣҲ֪Ҫץйϸ޶Ľ

һһǰһӽʿУһ۾ϳ˴˿ӾҪҵˡ
˵һʼʱ֣ΪһȴŻһŮһӣϸһ֪ʵһˣԼԴ·ǳӣ˻ǧҵ˺һҪв˷ֺ
ʱŻãԼͷһμ˺ÿˣһӾͼϣȻǰӹͿƤüëҲϳ

ҵһ˵˴£һϼƣȷ̽һ

ٶͻȻֵܿᣬʿǰҾƽ

ᾪһôﻹʶԼϸ룬ֳǰԼȥһξӪĪֳĲ£
ǸĲ£

˻һ˵ڣ֪ԼˣǴŮװװ⻭˴üͿƤҴҼһ֮˶Ȼϳ
ãѵԾͥҪץȥ
ϴˣҲǣǡ

һۣȷǰ֮˾ᡣһ˵߰ɡ

ȥģض𣿡뿪ҪȥŲҪ
䲻һɽŽǰߵҪܣһ㲻书ܲʿܿ׷ס

ǲԾͥģ

ǡϲҪΪˡ

᳹ˣʲôûôҪΪأʲôͨЦء

һأϣּҪΪϲ

˵ʲôϲе㲻ˣȻĹͬ˵ܶӵĺû֮ǰ˵Թѵ䣬޹ȥҲһ裬ӣΪҪһӣ
죬ֻһͷƤ顣

شǳϲ˱ʥּĪҲӣǻȥɣֿ»塣

Ų£ֻԼû룬ƣߵﶼᱻץȸǻȥʱ취

˭֪һصۡΧķſڻأˣÿֻ飬˵˲ڡ

ŵǣҲóԸģͽ쳣ʢһɱĴ

ϷҪ䶼⣬ֻŴᣬĸлҪ˵

򿪷ţԼŵϣĸ֮仹ʲô˵

Ϸ˿վſڵкö໰˵ڣ˼Ƭ̵ᣬĪҪԼؼ̩ҲΪؼҫҡΪؼңŮҲŮȥá

⻰˵ĺţڣֻ»ֱ˵Լá
Ҳ⣬ţǹѸһڵӣϷʼįؼԸɴᣬ˵ʵϣ̡ͬ





48.  ʮ ϲ(2)   ĳϲС

Ծ, ĸ⻰Ůذɡ

վϷĶϼˣվΪԼϾ, ҿѽ, Ǳѡġ

󵨣ſǳ⣬ǿ, ôԼء

ϱ죬˫۾ȴһҲûŹᣬֱص, ԼɵúһЩܵһ

ףĸֽԼ̵뷨֪˶ô, ԼϾۡŮ˲Ż˷ɡ

Ϸ˺Ͷ, ǰԺּһ˿, ͬȫҲ

Լץ·Ҳ˵, иȻ˵ֻгϲܾ, ֺ;, ǣֻһ˷ϣ֣ǰҲ˵, û˵Ҫϲô󶼱ˡ

ЩҲģδ룬ֻһ£Χ㣬Ǹ书ǿĺˣҲѽߣǺá
ǲҪ˺ԼϾºˣֻ֪ʹԼҪһϲ˳кܴܣΪѸЩѾˣٱ˵ʮа˾ҪȥᣬүѲΪ

УҪ취ӳȥ

д˷ţûãҪһԲС

ʱڽլԺУŸڷпľŪţڽһʱ£عд˷Ÿ

ȷеľЦ߹ҪţͻȻʶʲôڻҸסдţ

ҡҡͷдģд׵ġ

Цſ
СŮһ⣬ֻʮ󡣸ʵ£ϲ֮ǷСŮɣˣСŮľˣԴ²ɣСŮʳ˭˸³ϲ
дŵʱˣڳϲ֮ǰԼɽأǰҲԼô

ȹЦ˾ģҪȢİ֮ʵڿţƺǸĹĵӣ𣬱뿴һӡ
Ըȥ˶˵⣬عڸ߶Ȩ

Щģ£عӻ顣

Ȼֻ֪ڷ߶ʲô֪ܵЩҲˡ

ͳȥĵڶգſڵͳˣ˵׼ڸ߶ͻͣҿصǲ

㰲ȹգʱٳûߡ

ڴ֮ǰԼһû֮ǰʹҲһܳɣҪΪˣȻҪ֮ǰá

鴫Ϸ˺ͶڻȺһԼ󣬵߽ʱ˿һƺѾһ

£ȻĻࡣ

ϵϷ˼龰Ҳ÷ֱʵϣʲô˵ɡ
ǵﲻģδҲﲻ

׻Ҳ˵ˡΪؼһգȻҪΪؼҶǣڸʮģǰҸȥţóֺһ˵еӦ̤ʵҲź÷ļ޹ȥҪҾģСȻ׼ھʸλ
ЩԼȻԼϲ͵ѽðײá

ûϷ˿ڣط̲סˣˣҿǴû˵ĲǣԴһ𾴣ʹҪ˻䲻޳ɣҲûǿӷԣϸ֦ˣΪҪͬ˵Щ

˵Ķԣ֪û˵ҵĲǣҲû˵ҵĺѽҶǺɶ֪ѽ֪ȴǾ൱ĬˣҾͼͷϣкδ
˵ͬ˵

ܹ˵ЩС£Ī˵ļٻɡ

һЦʺ˵ǲǸд˷ţô˵ģ

һ˻ش˵¶عġֻһͽˣ⼸ճ˲ܣʲô¶ҪģҲ֪ԼصĿδŮˣԵύʱһӦ¡

Ϸ˻վδܵҲ̫ˣȻ˵ˣôɡ

طºͬʱ

ɣɢ˰ɡϷ˵ҪȥȴẰסĸ

Ϸ˵ڶˣʲôģ

ĸʲôءĸȻްˣ¾Ͳ˰ɣҲȻΪӣŮ˵Ŀɶԣ

ߵô˵ֱϷˣĻش

Ϸ˿˺ܲѺãɴĬ

Ǿɣھ־ݡһ񣬡Ȼϣδķܳ꣬ɷһʱ־þŻ

һ⻰使һۣôûôȻ¿ֲǶһΪҶ֪Ż죬ôһ룬֮Ҳ⡣

Ϸתͷƽʵû뵽ĻĶࡣ

񲢲ᣬǶḣ񣬡л

齫׼õıīֽһӣ־ݺطǩ

طһֱں治˵֪ԼЩҲмֻҪ͹ˡ

ֵطʱٳٲǰ˵־ҲתҪߣǰ

ط¼Σ䲻Ը⣬Ҳ޿κΣֻǩˡ

Ὣ־ݽתطµ壬ֶŮɴѻ˵ףŻӶϲ󻹻ȱ⼸ѽǿ߶óһСӣؼݼҵʱ˵Ǹ£Ҳ㲻Դӽÿ¡־棬ԹκˣҪԹԹԼɡ
ߡ

ȥ˿ˡ

ºܿʹ棬Цû뵽ĳϲСôأŷŰˡ
ͣ
лȥ

ãں޲ϼСӣʵ񲿽׵˶ٰ𣿸ɣҪֻͣӭ׾ͺãӭ׶ҪзĽֵðǶ֪¡

⣬Ϊˣ

ΪعܹԹԼ޹ֳûʺĸ֪ˣģʱҲ顣

ס

ֵȥ˵һһʲôɣѳϲ֮ն֮ɡ




49.  ʮ ϲ(3)   ½

պ, ɢϿӣͻȻŮٽˡ

գ
ῴŹиŮ٣ʵ, Ҳ̫, ˵ѡӶҪܳʱ

Ůٵ¶ĻºӣǰΪϴװ硣
м̧̫Żμݡ

մͽ˸, ԸûмױûйϵʲôУֻҪϲͶġ

⻰ŵͦůĵ, ĶҲû˵ô˺¡
ҲֻǸ̾һ£ÿպóԺúȣ˱ڸ, Ⱥ, ֻôöڼ֮УŶ, شҲųȥµʱ

֪, ȥɡ

Ůٵչʱ𴲣ԡ£ϴװ, ЩҪ졣

, ȥɡ᲻ͷĻӻ֡

һߣͷûôأϲļôѡ, תȦȦ

һĪչ֮ʣߵŵ׼Ļѵˡ

ƣԾŽˡ


ḣ񣬡ĵ¿ˣ֪СŮ£

ԲشһŵСȴǰһ̧ͷᡭ

һԾͥô㣡

æ𾪶ҽտðű𷣵ķǼģʲôҪ˵ĿһЩ
һԾͥŴ󲡳ӵ֪ܶ׮·ǳӣˣῴκ˽ӽ
Ҫֻȥܣиӣܶһ˼˺þûȥ
ȥſţһʱ𡣡

ỹûü˼⻰ʲô˼Ծͥ˵ᣬջȥҲ˺þãʼѧŷ㣬ֻû뵽úĵһ£Ҫϲ룬һǲԸİɡ

û˼˵Щ⵱ڣԾͥʲôѽ
ǲԸ⣬Ѿ͹ûκιϵлġ

ԾͥȴûйϵҶˣʹ㲻޸ңҲϣܼ޸һͬ㳤֮ˣǲпȥ֮ˡ

ڴʱЩ˵ûижǼٵģϾԾͥЩѪԵϵļ˸ӹԼǸжж֪ԼԾͥѾ˿û㺡
̬ʱļǹԼˣʵٶ
ⶼұΪһ˾ܰԼӻȥû뵽үǲϷŹҡлϹӵĹģҽ·ΣϣýԵϲһ

ϸϸ֮Ծͥʲôӣ֮ΪֹԼĲ١

Ծͥ̾һڵһϲǺ󻰡Ȼ㲻Ըϲھ;ȥ

һ㶣˵ʲôϹĪǿЦңŶȥξң

㻻ҵ·ԾͥѾˣôĺʲôȥʵ

޲𺳣ʯĳǰ㲵ӣζӳ¡
֪ôĺʲôң»ʵ۹ɽĹλ𣿡

£ҵԴͷʼҲˡݵѿԼİŮӣ쳣ᶨ

תȥлҳһţԾͥ˵ĲʧΪһð취ǷһⱲӶľ֮ڳ벻õİ취

Ծͥߴ٣ᣬ˼ˣʲôȲŸҪ

߹عģ㲻صģϽսպգٽ߽Ĳʲϳͣȥְӡ
֮ǰȥ˶̫ӼΪ޳ɣвޣϲת˵ɱѶԸˡ
ôҲ̫ܵӵΣܾᣬֶΪء
Ѿ׼˳ǵ֮¹赣ġ

᲻ͣҧ촽һᣬãͬ⡣λ±ӲܱˡڵҲɲǡ

²˳٣ᴩԾͥ·ĨڻңСΪ춹飬תʵô죿

Ծͥģȥδģ֮һ˵£Ҹڳɡ

ỹе㲻ģСķ˵

ԶԾͥԾ֮ͥ鵽˽Ӧֶҹ뿪һŮٷ֣ӦѾԶˣһÿɿȥڹ

ͷһһ߰ɡ

ͷĺֻܵͣҿԼĽż⣬ϷȴͻȻӭ߹Щȣôÿˣ

Ų˽Ųᵲ֮аˡˣϷҪȥع鲻ѰҶϳˣϷ˾ͱȥûȤˡ

Ѿͷǵ󣬵ˡҲǸյõճ޵ϢûĸףĸڳǰһҹΪ֮

ԵŮ٣Ϊ˸ӦϷ˲ˣһϷֱͬعﻰſֻعԸعﲻȥҲȥ

Ϸ̾һĵ˵Ծͥã˵Ծͥ˺þãҲȥ̽ӿкЩ

лϷ˹ģԾͥѾкתҾһ£ȸˡ

Ϸ˻񣬡ߡ

һֱû̧ͷʼţԼϳలº꣬ҪˣĲŷˣ󣬾˳ˡ

Խ鷿ϢƬ̣ȵҹǾͳ
ǰڲżǰ󿴿ƣʮġ

ԿЦΣ

ȻǺˣӵĸۡвõġ

Է飬ߵߣܸϲۡáҪѡ񣬹Ըѡܵ

붼û˵Ȼﶼѡ

׷ʣֻѡأ

̧ͷԼЦŵԣ벻Ϊʡ
ֺļ裬Ҳѡ

û˵صǰʱ֣Ƿȥֱ˽͵鷿

ͷʱװģĥī 

ȥ԰ɣҲ

е㲻˼һԡ

ҲԣԡҹҪ뿪һ·ţҲ֪¶ʲôʱܳϡ

һ£Ÿӵٷ 

һڣ͵ԴĳӺ뿪ȥڹ

ߵ·ϣһζһ£ʵղŷʲô

ֻͣתͷ˲̧һѷĩ

ֵ̧ɲǣǸϤĽӳһͻ˹ȥ

ʱڴϣͷסʵĺɫľͷÿܿȥ

ϲ֣ϵļ¡ǡ

Ҫ˿ŵҶæ۾š

һ߽˴ߣû˶

˺þãһϤϤ·æ۾һӴڴߣԼ½




50.  ʮ    ӽҵޡ

ʶס, Ĵͷȡ·ʱ׼š

Ǳ۾һǷǱΪϵģΪᷢΪޡСıԼ

ЩϤ, ûüϸ, ͼת͸

ȵ۾סԼˡ

ӳں֮µĲ԰Ϥ, ʵüԼ΢Ļȣȴܿʧϲŭ

ﶯҲᶯ, ɲϲȴֺܿ챻Һɣкܶ໰ں˵̫, ǰ˼Ϥİ, ֲ

ԽԽڽں, ޿ˣɴ۾, ȫԼлŷ

ȵϢߴӺúݵģڿ˵ӱΪ֪, ô걾֮, Ƕأƺһħ͸ģϣԹί, ա

۾ͷüԣϢòҵųĺһϹӡ־òԺܿĿڵ¡

£зΣۿ죬пǧͷȡеķΪϣᣬӽҵޡ

Ὣ뻳УΪηҪأ֪жżൣģ˺𣿡

ӲֱһǲŴ˿̱ԼӾǸˣСƹΪͬٵѺ

ԭǱƫѽֲԾͥޱ֮ͱ˵ӵϸڳׯĹٽ¥Żӣֻ¶ݵһϷһֱڹԼû뿪֪Ҫƭá

ֱƭĸоĺܲƿߵ߳Ĭõ¾ܺ𣿡

ǰˣŵδε縸һĳļˣͳͳһػһ飬Ѻ½Ľȥƫƫһһûи˿ӱ˴Ϊ֪뿪γźźǹ

ǣһֱƭԼ

ԣ˵Щжٻţ

Ը⿴ᱳʵǲǴһʼ±֪ҾǸΨһܾĳϲ֮ˣòǮС͵Ҳǵ°ŵİɣô˻飬Ϊϲ𣿡

ס룬һз鶼Ԥıô˵Լģٴ⡣

絽ȴҿԼȴҲʵԽͣƭ棬һʼЦ̬Ҳ棬ν֪ͣʲôʱԼʼݽȥ

ͻȻתɫ࣬˺ܴľ𣿡 

̫ӣһʱ֪ôӺ˵

ãΪϲҪӦңϲ֮뿪
ƭȴδ˺ԼҲˡЦҹڻɽʵԭġ

Լ˵Ψһ֪ҪްţҲ˵ϵļ£õĺԼѾޣͽ֪һɣԼˡ

ȡ·ڣȥ£⿪ϵһʤ߼οҪȵıŲµ֮ˡķǰһ֮䡣

𡣡۲ѣס֣˵ȻڴϣԼ§סģʱˣǿԼ

ᱻȦڻﶯãƬ̺󽥽

ᣬҲ뿪ġ
૵һҳһš

ûз£Ȼҡҷ̿ĺĻůһжúܰģٺαˣҲܺá

Ƥڴܣܿ˯ˡ

¡ڶ峿š

۾˿еᣬԼĸ첲ŷѾˣֺһæſڣһ죺꣡˯

£ȥ»ʺ밲ˡ

ȥУ˵ҹˣЩȥ

ȲδȥĻһţ̽ͷ̽￴˿
Ƚ˳ȥš

Ҳˣſڡ

תͿ˯ĺ˵ӣһ֪ӡ

߹ȥڴߣǲû˯ҲûɢҲûûϴ

᲻˵ҡҡͷ

ȻͣȴֲᣬûûʱԼ˵ʲô᲻졣
˾ߣǰδе̤ʵշ½ʯΪ

ҪҪ˯һ᣿

ỹҡҡͷҲкܶ໰ʣȴһҲʲڣ뵽Լǵ죬׾ʵˣһʱգȻСϣȷѵӦƴֺ

ҲͨˣһϵƣֻãŲᱻᣬ˵ˣܴ󷢴ȱˡ

룬Ҫˣ϶ȳϲѽ

˼ˣȵͲˣüͷһ壬Ҳ֪ԼĸԣԼ·ա

ҪҪȳԵ㶫ϴװ磿ǳ׺ĵһգҪ밲

æӴǾ͸Ͽϴɣ˵󹬵ﶼ룬ǧʧ

ȿЦӲϤᣬԭǾͲӦþн

ŮΪϴװ綼ѰźãʲôķԸȥ졣˵׿ţҲȥ·Ժеӡ

˺ӻͦ˳ڵģžȻñŤ˳

ȳȥ󣬺ܿ˺üŮʼΪϴ磬ǳɫȹҺɫڳģ鶯ɰϲȴٽҡɨüһ촽·

˾ĵװȻͷһμ᲻װȹⷬģһ߳ǰһŲۡ

ҲûۣһΣŰ񷢹ڵȣüǳЦԼеԾ͹Ц⣬߹ȥ
ʺͻʲôҸδ𣿡

õģء
е̫ӣ뽫ǣǲˡ

ῴߵŮͻȻʵأ

ȵȥʰȥˣӦö˼Ǵӹлܿˡ

ʵشأ㽫ҹڸУҶش

ȥ֣ߵǰԼҲ˽ȥ

ʻ·ϣЩ˼ƿ͸͸ȴϿԼŵĽǽɼǵǺ˵ġ

̧ͷȥⲻĩ𣿸ոƽȵ̬ըˣָȣǸҳĺǲ

֪ЩҪɴ඼˵ף˵ϵſڣȻڲǺʱ
СŲߣ˵÷ңʵΣҵޣҲ㣬밲ҶЩ¶˵




51.  ʮһ 밲   һң¡

һһҵޡΪ, ֻϲĹߣʹģլԺף, ΪýȢ, Ŵ󻧼ҵм˷谮ģοǻʼҡ

ƺűϣ, ǿһֱԼյĺɶĺۼȴϸ룬Ҫ롣

˹ſڣ˽, 뵽Լ֮ǰֻͽڹϣЩп

ᣬվڽ϶֡

巵ķһۣ˵İĻʹ, Ȼη
ǰ, ˴˿Ψһˡ

ִ̧ģһ̾ͱůס, ʹ˽죬Ҳɿ, ĺöࡣ

һ·ϣʼ֣쵽巵ʱ, ȵһ, ¡

˽죬ȥ

ʵڸ߸ߵϣǻʺұǻ

񣺡ݼĸĸ
ʵۺܸ, û뵽Ůܼ޸ȣԵֿǲһ㡣

ʺ̧ͷñ㡣

̧ͷݼĸ󡣡

ϣŮӣֲϼҹӶ㲻ᣬñ³˳˻飬û뵽˻飬ͽ˻ʼңѽ첻ɼ
ûʲôͣ˲ϲ

˵ǣ˵ѽ첻ɼҲ͵
ϧ͸ЩᣬϧôÿĹϾҪĶˣԼ乬Щꡣ

ʵϸϸȵ һ˵Լˣ޴˿ȴ㾫ϲЧ׿ѽ

һ죬͵͵ȣߵСϱ
ʵһЦãѽ
аƥ鱦һ䡣ȣȥ鷿Ů֮˵Щ强ɡ

ǡ
ʵ뿪ʱ֣С˵ģ¡

֪ʺͻ˵İ֪ǻʺǻĳϲСӾٲҲԡ

ʺտȥˣŽɫģȥ԰߰ɡ
ǡ

һڹŮ̫ӵ԰ȥ

ãǺøǱұۣ˵һЩΪϲָտɴѽ
Ȼ˵ʲôʺͣסŲ΢΢תᣬ֪أ
⻰ʵģǸ˭˲֪ṧص֪ġ

ʺͷĳΪҪԼķֵʢҲ⣬ɽ˵ҹˣĲˡ
Цã˻װףʹѾͬҲԹϣ
ҾʵСŮ
δ£˵Ӧûɡ

һ⻰ʺЦ⣬³ϲĴãһϵ˵ǰ档

㣬ЩʲôЦΪ˸úˡ

ʲʣãǶ߰ɣȻعˣҹû˯ãЩˡ
Ǹϵ̫棬ý֮òųϲ֮ã̲Ϊܱƫļˡ
ڵ֪ϲҲˣɲ١

ֻʣͻԷһЩϾĸԼǳϲΨһѡܲڸѿɡ

ȻˣҶȲҪЩġ

ĸģֻ֪Ҳܰá

ô̫ˡȰ뱾žۣԱЩݣô׽ģȴԸ˵Ҫͬ˵Щȵ²źѽ
˵Сʱ£ŻصĸߣȲֶĸݵˡӦлĸĸ

Ц̫ˣˣÿҪҩ¿࣬ǲúúҩҪꡣ
ڹʱһֱԼƤӵ£ðѿأߣǱ֪ȶŻʵ۶ȵƫҪΪ·˺ƤҪƿҲûʲôð취£ٺòˡ

ռһڻİ˵ʲôӦöţǾŶŶðɡ

ͻȻѪεڴϣŻˣڴδɣ⼸Ѿ˵˼ֻ֮ܰա
|ҩȺţ̫ӾͱӣʱķΣ뿪ǣ

߰ɣ滹Щ䣬ȥȰɡ

ȸϵʱֵʱ֣һӵĲˣ˵Цտʮֺг

ǻһεţΪԼ˵ĸ

ȿ֣ȴӻֻαתʱ΢ǡǰ䵭Ҿ񣺡ĸõˡ

㸸һ۰㣬ʲô£

Ŷ˺ӵ¡Ըٶ˵Щã̲ûм׷ʡ

ҲһһпĸӲܵĹϵ

ӣӡȼ˸飬ó㳢

ѵûǵϲ񣬿ȴֻ֪ʵʱӵģûлӦǼһС

һпտѽôȳԣæ˸顣

Цᶮ£Ȣϱ

װģ̬֮ûʳΪȻͼܽбֵ̫ԣò᲻֪롣

ٷԵúǳĬԵʮ־н˵СʱȤ£Ǻܿĵӡ

ùţһ̶ҾĸЩϢǻظˡ
˵˹

ǸĻչ밲֮¶ȥһѽ

ͣ½Ųͷܲϲ𣿡

ˣԽԽûˣ׻һնӡûͦ˳ڣʱûôġ 
ܺӣѾŤˡ

ȵھӣѲһҪع֮ôôԾͥҲģͲŤ

һۣǲһǴСһϰˡ

㻹ýȢء˵ίͰͣһ˻

ˣ̲סЦãôô
ǰȥ׷ץס֣Ц⣬ӣӣᣬᡭ

ȻŲͬͬһһ麰

ᱻˣȻס죬ͣ£Ҿ֪ôƤʱ֥ʶȥδˣ
˵ˣͻҲ̲סЦⷬģӣֺ

ͬʱȣȵӡ

Цǵµ²ǹߣ˲֪˲

ȳĬƬ̣˶ֻֻ֪һƺ

Ƕӻ顣ʱֻڿǰ֮ˣ뿪˼ƺûôǿˡ
㻹ûң밲֮¶һΣ

Ҷ̾Ϣ
ڲŻȥԸȥҸڲȥͺá

ǻ᲻ĸã

û¡ḧ˿ûԺãȥٽ¥ڳԵ㶫ɣӿ϶Ҳкܶ໰ңҲкܶ໰Ҫ˵





52.  ʮ    Щϸ


˶¥Ŀ, ٽ¥λãʱɫ࣬ῴԶݽϵĶ㴬, ͬһƻԻ, ö翣ͬĴӰҡҷ, ȴûʱ˼
ҹҾ˼쳾ԶǴϸƽ, ϻûߵߣͱ͵Ǯһ·׷ϣȴ·, ˵¡

Ȳ޸п, ҹұ̫Ӱߵϸˣ, żȻⰲš

֮أ  

֮󡣡ȳƬ, ֮ʱҹ֮£ǡּװСƹݹ, ùæ뻭, ΪЩϸ֣֮ϣҵĵǹнϴŮ, ǳΪԾͥ졣
żú;ŵܺҲ㣬ϲ棬ŵ棬ڵ֪㲻Ƕұ˶ǶҲ㣬ּƳϲһøּͻ顣
ᣬô˵ף

ΪܳϲſӽΪҪȢ˳ϲô
㲢ǲӣ
ĪЩģ˵ȾͲˣԼ϶Ҳˡ

ǣ㣬ôЩż˵صǳϲ
ɴһʵᣬһϲң

ղžѾˣص㡣е㺦£׻ӦʱðһǰͷȥԼѾޣǺ£Ʊ䣬γá

ǰ˲شЩʧ޷ֻҪ߾ͺáΪԼƣٱһ

Ĭãȵᣬս϶кܶʣ⹬г֮£˵

ȽԼһһʮ־ȣ侹ȻĸףԹýദʵʮ֡ҽ˵Щ¸

ȲмһЦ֮ǰڹУ߶ˣҲҸаߣʶƸ˳ȥ˵Щҵ£ǹģƿҡȻζû뵽ҺǾʶǳʶЩҲ˵ĸȻ

ڻʼң龹Ȼ˵ĮٿʱƺǸڼзĺӣά裬òװԼĸ乬ȴûȵĸ
̫ˡ

ʱ˵ôСʱ飬֪˵Ϊôء

ͻȻЦᣬ֪˵ЩСʱȤ£ԼҲͷһ֪أЩȤġ

飬δţͻȻ뵽ʲô˵㲻Կҩÿҩ

ҡҡͷЦǶҩʱȲңʴҵ壬һұ꣬ͻᱻӵ

ٴξס׮׮Ҳ̫˰ɣû뵽ΪһܵϻλȴҪһӣĸҲ̫ˡ
ȵȣӣ

е㲻Ծˣѿڶӷްѽ

˵ʲô

ϷӦæûʲôûʲô£ӣûпǹĻӣ

ûпܣĸ΢ΨհߵĲնֵѷһŵ׹ʮ̰öûĺӣûѡ̫ӵǻֻ·һΪҾּأǡ

ˣûʵƫʵջڵϣʱı
ô꣬ˡ
вǸ߸ϵΪսսĿˡ

ȥˣ㣬֮ǰЩ㲻ˣΪ㣬ү˰ţҵҪл졣
ȷЦģῴȴıˣĸžŽҪһЩٺһЩ
һᾡ㣬ᱻȥһֱߵľƱ඾δ壬ܺȾˡ˵żһУҼǵϴٽ¥ʱ˵նóԣģôûԡ

ᡣסжεЦЦҴӲԶ⣬ϴΪ˲ɡ

ϲԾͲԡмгŽԼУ˵ϲҲ˵ϲϲ԰ɡ

ᲢûͷӣᣬҸЩ벩ͬģЩƭ£в˵ľܷƢ

еһȦȦů»ص˱ֳݵЩꡣ
ûвˣҲͬ顣ֻѾΪλҡ
Ҳ˵ʱԾͥδޣԾ̫ͥ|ȻҪ֪֮ݣӦڱҡ

֪ڱ̫һĸ֪ĴڣȻ뷽跨ΪƿҪЮҵİѱұһ䶨Ϊ󣬵ǰصּ⣬Ȣ㡣˭֪

˭֪ҲǶˡЦ

ȴЦ̫Ҳ㣬̫Զ㡣ϲ֮ʵڱǸⳡУԸˣһᾡȫ㡣

뵽ǰȻעʹЩȴڷдš

ϡǵʵ۲أ̫£ȴ̫Ӳблӱƾ٣һƬҡŶĮģ޷ǸƾٵĻ˭
֪ҪЩǰӦö¡

һǳ϶ʱ䣬Ӧûʱްˡ

ȵȣԼıˣ˵˵ҲͬӲҲԸ

ڵĶҪ𣿺شа취ΪҽΣԺشҽҲΪ㳹׽ⶾͻȻЩԾж£ôشûиأӦѽ

ںشҲûֻǲ룬ͻȻ
شǹŮʱùĶݣһֱĴмֻͳʧϵճعùҲһֻ˵޳

ۡһڲˮ˳˲ˮգô˵شﶼң

ǰδش˵ǰ£û뵽ݣߡ

ȥģסĸ첲վԶͻһʱ׼ìܣʱùĿɾˡ

ȥҺشǰش۰ľԼ˿ǱȲȣĪЩģϾĸȥʮش

ãȥ𱸳ܣ

ٽ¥û˭Ͻ밲ķ̫ûô

һסż㽫ԼҲ˳
ϲǾҴӹȥ

㡭㻹Ṧأ㵽׻ʲôҲ֪ģһζ˵

һסһֽסӽҾκ¡




53.  ʮ    һỤ㡣


ݡ
ڶҹĽֵ

, ͬһƥʱ
ᣬһĥߴ𣿡ȷٶȣô멽ڻ, ҵý§ЩͲˡ

, ͷʱԼ̫, Ȼ§Լ

ͨͨһûѹҲ֪¶Ϊ£ΪĶ˿, ȸ׽Լ

ȲĿϲѡ
ᣬ۷ʲô£Ҷ, ЩȷѪմȾ㡣

Ĳ뵽Լ, ʱһĴ, ֻԶ۲̰ͼò, ûйԽ뷨һֵıܹĲܣܿס
˭֪;ߴ, ֲ÷ԼͬĻʱ͸

, 飬Σůǻеѵ˲, ǸϹӣǶԼ֪һû߸ϣ׽֮С룬ǲҲԸֳѹĸװοʱҪο

һˣҲͦá

ȵҽݣﻹˡһҩĵĺشһش

شһͷǣȾЦ⡣

ȵعùãˡ

شһ֪Ȱݶ߸ᣬ߹ס֣ع㰲Ҿͷˡ

ˣҽشϸϸԭǺҽŮʱѹʵĶݣұһ̵ֱȥǡõ˳͡

عùþȻǺҽĶŮЩҲǲ֪ġ

׽ҽڸңϧŮӣȲ̫ܽҽԺڷҽҲᱻɡˣܶ˼ҽݻҩȫҲһֲΪĸˣ˼֢ЩڱҺ㡣
شͻȻǰæش
ûе㣬ҵԸ״ҵһҽβұԸûбķϣҪлΪҿҽݡ

ùñô˵ǵùΪ̨Ѩɰɥ

ҹȺϵɰԵɡ

شˣ

ģʱķ纮̫ҽԺôĵѾкתڵĶأֻҪúúҿҩõġ
ش￴ȵ£ͬعмҪ˵һȡ

ᵽ˺Ժ䣬شмﻰԹ˵ˡһ㿴¶Թ˼ˮʱżĲУԼһҹ빬ձˣǵĹȥģΪù˳˻飬Ӳĵ磬ĵԾͥﲻǶ𣬵ң඾ȴԼ뵽ʱ龰ش¡
²˳ʽ״̬ҩг˲ҩܼʱι£пľްˡ˵Ҳعֺη
¶Ȼûͬ˵ЩСˣѰⶼ˵ֻҪԸȥľͲر˵ϲֵĻʵѾʮ֡Сܾѣڲδö٣ҵñƫȻܴҿϧ޶Ů͵¶ãҰǿҪˣϣܹͺͷϡ

شĻɽˮΣһһʽУѾӲһһ㴩͸ֱ顣

ڿ⣬Լġ  

Ҫȫ⣬ֻǾЩ¹Ӧ֪

Ҿ񣬡лж

߰ɣõµȾˡ

˴ӺԺǰϴ멣ɫСҪ

סȵ½ǣ|˷磬ɡ

شһЦ˾ǲһ֪۷ˡ

۵͸ϲشǸˣ̽

áش￴ϲ

ȷס֣

΢¹⼸͸ڰУһ˫ֽסԼǰδеİģὫͷȵļϡ
·ģҲ뿪ǡȻΪ˵µӣͻú

һ̻صƿ§סᣬзŵǹ⡣

һصóҩ˹ȸҪȣͣסˣҩݵУ࣬ι
Сһ㡣

ȵĿԼӣʹٵʱҲûмģ

ͷһ΢΢һЦҲͬСһ㣬ãιȡ

˹ҩ룬ιһ۽һһιҩҩúܣȴȵһ㣬˼ζһ㡣

ҩʻɻˣ

ص£Ѿˡ

źЪϢɡ

˵˵һˣúϢҵķԱߡ

еûףⲻͦõôַ˯ˣҲöʣ˷䡣

һݾͼߴߴ˵쵽ĺһϹӾȻǰϱߣˣ龪һ֮ϲ֪һظжһţ﷿гõĶҶͷβϷ˺ͶһԿţ˿ûᣬҲҶ˵ģҲÿɫˬˡ
˵ʵһʼҪ͵͵ϹӵʱһЩǣ˷ˣ˹ùϹӡ

˵ģϹôѽ

ǵȻڣܵЩί󶼲ˡ

Ͷ˵Щ强ź˯ˡ

ڴϣ۾˯ţвͣͬȵĵεΣǵЦûֹͣͻȻһ뷨˽
ԼΪѵΪˣӦøлү

Ժ˯ˣڶУԺˣ磬Ҫᣬʲôʻع̫Ӹҵĳ빬ƶˣҽտ˸ʺþò׼ġ

ỹ˯ţ㼱ʲô

ҵȻˣѾͷҲǶأҪ˵ǽҪǾŸҰסͳ嵽﹬ˡ

⣬æ˼´򿪷ţԺķȥ

ȿ߹ӭȥǲǰ㳳ˣ

ҡҡͷ︣񣬸Ҫ˵ʲôͼѾͷ֪֪ҶҪˣôأԺҲҪˣ

Ц˵ҲҪˣ˿˭ᱧôģĶҼˡ

ҪЦң㵱½ҩʱ˵ʲôҿɻأ˵ҵһҪú÷أҲ뿪˵ôģ

һʱգᣬĹ˵ô÷أ嶼òԼЩøУɲûˡ

ֲ֪˵ʲôźãͻȻһѸײڶ֮һգ㿴ôͷģ




54.  ʮ ƽ   ѾȢؼˣ


ﾪ, ⻹ʶûۿ
Ƥʱôˣ

ԭأͨ죬֪Ǻ, ִٵλԵ, ϴ磬Ƭ̾ͺá

Ժ˶Ц, ɵա

ױ̨ǰԽԽˣϲ§˯Ͳ˵ˣڻ֪Ϊ, ȻԹȴִЦ⡣

Ϊ٣٩ղ֬ɫͺܺ󡣡

ѾͷҲˡῴžԼ, Ծһ¸ո׹ĵط, Ц

˼㣬Ӧûܸ˵İɡ鲻޸п, ҷ̹⼸꣬ʹͬϹһʱ, Ҳδ

ȷʱͬԾͥһ, û˼

ϴһ, һţͼȺڷſڵ

һסĸ첲߰ɣȥš

û뵽ͬľȻҵѽεҡҡͷ, ߺֵĵķϣҾͲƽˡ

˭ѽѾȢؼˣ±ȥ

Χһʮֻ֡
ᣬź飬ܺóԡｫźеС
ӣ˿ϲ񣬳ˡȽ˿еС
̶⣬紦ˡһ춹ŽС
ǳԺ춹ɣ֪ϲ춹⣬óġһ춹С


ῴԼѾ˺øߣԼ֪ȳһˡ

ĺ춹⣬Ϳ£빬

һӱɫȥˣ˵Ӳʡ

ȵȡ

ᣬ㲻ԸȥͲȥǿԼȲ֪ҪĳϷ

ȥǵĸܾܾҲǰ취֪ѾˣȻҪ£Ǿ£Լֻʲô֪

һͬȥ

ȻǲģǱȥˣȥ˰ɡ

¡޷֪ҽڲȥɡ

ĸͲϲңҲûϵȢ㣬ȥЩġеĺ춹ι춹ó԰ɡ

ȴ鲻ӦѾЩ飬ҪѧȥԣԶȵıӻ֮¡
ǰ䲻֮֮ȻΣΪ˱鷢뾡һԼٲҪΪͬദš

¿к춹⣬ߵǰȥɣȥתȵѵҹڸУҵ𣿡
ЧķӦþ༤

ᣬҲǴ⡣ȳĬƬ̵ȥɣҺһȥͬŻЩ顣

Ĺ߽Уȴȥǵڵſڡ

һ߽ͬĹôп֪һϲڱǰ˵ǣѾܸлˡ

Ȧӣҿɲģʹ˭˲֪¹˶գġ

ЦȻˣһͬѡɡˣ·

澣ÿһ̣Ÿʽ·
ᣬϲһף

ỹû˵ͽһˮɫȹ˵ҴˮɫÿҲơ

ȴǼɫĸʺᡣ

ﲻҲû⣬˵ɫĲѡҿˣѡˡ

Щ꣬ỰأĹڣһ䶼ʣĹ޾ϸ߸ȣ˶ҩһ£ˡ

ֻý·͸ᣬ⺮䣬ˡ

ȿŲһʱʹӻгʵʲô£

ĸ·

磬ڣͷİɡַУȻĻˣλߣһع˯ȥˡ

Ƚ֣߰ɣǻȥ

󣬻ʱ빬ﻰ˽Ķȥ˺δжȥ˺ˣ״Ρ

֪гǰ鳯֮£²˼׼ȷҲһܵóӵ
ЩȻͬ˵ֻ˵糯ڸЪϢҲûʲô
ֻʱ˵䡣

ŻӺҲʱ޸̾ϹϹӣҪܿ࣬û뵽Լĵʵڶࡣ

ֻèҲˣϲУҲϲĻÿϰèŰè˵Ź뷿

Żȥһˣͬĸ˵Щʲôöֻ֪֪Ż֮ĸÿ£˿͸ЩʲôһҲٰŪǷǣ׺ӹýͰ͡
Żӻ˵Ҫ꼰ڳּȢ

˵ҪţܾˣǸңҲ̤ȥ벽ÿյٿҲ÷ơ

һоǲƼһ㣬ƽʣ֪Ⱥʱ鷿鵽ҲǽղڸУʱʵٽһȥһ죬ЩӿΣգȲ˵Ҳʡ

ܿ쵽˳ů޽Ѿ࣬᲻޸̾Լıԭⷬģ

չÿʱʵ۶ڻӡ佫лȥʼΧԳԡ
˸磬ỹûûţ˸

⴦ʼΧԳʵۿʼмʮ꣬Ϊ˹ƽвӵ̴ӶԳ⡣ʵʱҲŮսηƸս˽㣬Ҫ̫ȥԣŲҪֻսǰ굹ϲȥһ棬ȴûȤڻʵߡ
ڻӺҹӶϣڸ̨֮Żʵۡ
ʵóһֻ㣬ڳԺأ۷ɡ

ˣԣӢˬǺúñ֣εͷߣϵһѡ

һĦȭƴһжϡ⣬ͷڱºǰһչɣ

ʵ۴󺰵ȥɡ

ʮƥڶȥ

ȾǴո֣ÿֻֻҰɽ˼˼ŻҲЩ³ΧĻ˱˭ԵģĽ˭ͷ

պһֻҰñı˳𹭼׼ȴͬʱֻҰϡ

˭ģ

ֻǰһС

Ծͥվ

ԾͥҲ˹񣬡ŵ£ʧˡ

ٽˣҰûȥɡȱǱ̬ȣУûҲν

ԾͥҰ÷ȵϣǵеģҾӹ

Ȼ˵ˡˣ԰ɡȲᣬϾ̫һˡ

Ծͥȴ뿪ŵ£΢лҪ˵رһ¡

Ⱥһۣȵŵܣȥ԰ɡ

ԶԾͥͻȻ飬ܲѺãǺֶΡ




55.  ʮ    ްˣ


Цٽ˻Ӻ˵𣿡

浱Ҳ֪ǰ˽, ͬ˵һ׮Ȥ£ټգߵΪڹƵƵͷ, μɣ̫Ƿ¸󳣿, ϲĵȻҪ, ԭĵϴ˻ʺҪȱеµȹŮ͵͵ЩżȻǾŵʶĹΪζ, ȢϲǲԤı

۾Ծͥ߳彮Ľǿֻϧ, ˻һ, عʲôˡ
޿ɷ, ٽˡ

ԾͥߣԤıϲ֮, ôͬȴȶգ㾿ҪЮʲôǺѽΪʱûмʱ֣

ûҪЮʲôԸߵġЩıûгϵıҪ, , Ҫ˵ס

˵ϲǰһգỹ뿪һ˵Ļ£һֱַԣ

಻Һθɣɱ, ַһ֪Ҫһδϴˣ

ˣ书仹ûмӮңÿҹķͣݶȾ°ˡ

ȷ书Ծͥȴ޼ܵУӹĶҹݶȾƣҲֻԾͥˡ
ָԾͥıǼ⣬СΪ˲ݡΪ룬ڶ

ԾͥЦһ££ֻҪ֪ǲδ֪ͬû͹ˣ

Ǵȵˣ죡Ƿ޵ֲ˵ģ

ԾͥЦЦֻڹϴҴһƳһ飬Ҿͳ˷Ե˵ӣҵǲںԵŮοңñΪŻ֮˻֮ƶ˻飬ѵͲǵҲɣҪȻλ˭أѽҿԵȣ㲡ˣҾʹԶ߸߷ɡ

ģֻѪӿжףŬúƽ˳
ϧѽʹˣҲߣδϲ㡣

Ҳϲ㣬䲻֪ԺҪЮᣬ߳ŵЩʲôĴȻüıңҾ;Բкӹ
ԾͥһЦ̫ͬѾˣҪһݴᣬҳ
ֿЦ˿ɵˣӦúѧһѧԸԸ⣬˵΢Ϊ˷á

ҪʲôвõԤС

ԾͥԳʲôϾ֪ˡ

䣬磬ˤǷһ̤磬ȻѾɱƺأѾȥˣýȥ塣

ȾһԾͥ˵Ĵ𣿡

Ծͥ˵ʲô΢ףȸˡ

ԾͥбȺ׼˵ÿ仰Ҫֳ£Ǻθ飬ﶼף̫ӳȥһĿԼ
Ծͥȥķ¶Ȼйء̫ӵԸ񣬲ôֱӵķ̫Ѿڴ֮λϣֻ豣סͺá
Ծͥ˵Щ󣬼ԹߣԾͥҪȥӦԼɣκΪǲʲôԼˣŲҶңΧԳϴӲɱһǡáû˵ĵԾͥǺֶΣ̤ˣ׷̫ѡ

ߡȴӻͳһźشﱸõҩιϴηشû֮ҩⶾܼʱҽΡ

磬û°ɡҲһ֪ΰˣż
ҡҡͷ¡

̨Ѿ˻ʵۣµĻ佫ҹӣš
巵̫ະԽλذɡ

Ĺæܹ˵磬类̧ʱѪˡ̫ҽ˵̤˼֮࣬ǣ̧ˣӦڻﴦҲȥˡ

šȳ˵Ȼýȥ飬֮˶ȻѾ˶ԲߡȥԳҵ̤þḻȥ顣ãǻع 

ϵſڣԶĿȲĴҴҽȶԻʵҾʡһſڴ߲ͣĨĻ̫ҽˣ

ֻ̫ҽҡҡͷû˵üܲá

ͻȻŻأϴȲأϵʿͺ𣿿Ǹ

ʵ۵ƽȥǸʿ

ǣ

ĸ۾ֻ˵֣ѪͲͣ

æΪȥǵѪգĸأûµģİ

Ҫ˵ѪʹӿðĸӲˣ㡭

ʵ̣˵ˣһȣϾˡеӽѪ̵ľѡ

ӣٲ˵ͣˡĸĲ㣬ꡭȣĸ乬ңġ£ԺܺЩ
ܡ̿ȵķ

֮Ҳƣס̵֣գչ˺áĸס

̵ش£۾
󺰵̡̣

ʵ۵̫ҽ죡

򵥵̽飬̫ҽأ£ްˣ

˵˵ϴ󺰣ѽѣѡ

ʱƽŵݣɫȺȶһۣܿ밲¡

ʵ۵ܾ𣿡

ȻץסĵۣܾȵǲǣʱܾȣһҲԵǲǣ

һҡҡͷڰ˱ӻСĥȴתΣΪϱӵ컯ѾƶΪֻڻȪ·Щ࣬±Ͷ˼ҡ

⻰һڣ˶ȣ˱ӻʲô˼ϱӵ컯ʲô˼

Ҳе㾪ȣڴ˵˵Ļްô˵ǵڰƵ̫ͬλ
ҲǾʶˣ䣬żȻһ˵ʱѣȴ󲻿ԣֻϧһδԵ鰮ζ˭֪᲻ǶõһϷָһ㾪ȵѱ䣬Եͻԭǰ·޷
Ȼǰ·޷ΪνְƵ˼ϡ

Ȳÿ֪˵飬ȻǸʣȤϲֺޣ̫Ӻ޲ɱɡ

ʵ۽У˼ǰסοݶȥˣĵĶ㣬᲻ĿģõɣĸԵ±ӻĸӡ

ǡڴʱǰ˵жҧУ˷Żˡ
֪鲢ˣȴֻܳĬ
ʵ˵֪ˡý¡

ҹΪϷãΪһҹ

κüΣͻ˹С̲ã׵ܣԸգᵣģƽŻȥ

˶ȥֻʣ˵ȡ˼ϣǰһյ𣬽˦ߡ
£ѱϣм仰ƶͬ˵

ŵƬ̣յΪǰ˵˻壬ϱӵ컯תΣΪ֪ô˵ǽƵεΣվ̫ܷŹң




56.  ʮ ˼    뿪


Ц, ƶڰ£˵ѿǰ·֪Ʒ, ̫, ôΪˣڸԼ

в˵, Ļλֻİ֮ƽաֻ뱣

ƶʵ£ްʹƶղ, ̫ӾͲɱƶ⻰˵κ˵ģ֪µĹǣԼ, ƫ, ѱ
һۣСͬһЩذ, Ҳڵ顣ƶ²ѧıѵõϿɡƶ⻰, ñΪˡ
½ֻܱ壬Բʾˣһζ, ܻܶ, ʧΪʤ֮

ҡȴû

ƶˣ½ġƶֻô࣬չ뿪, ±ء
˵սֱۻȥ

վУ˼ãֱ˲ŽãڹľʹȲŻع

յһж̫ͻȻˣ⧲м֮ԸǴ˼Ϊս

֮ǰеļƻͳͳҪǳ¼ҹ˵νעһʤɰƴһƴᣬβ˼

תͷȭߣô磬ҿôأҸôѽ

鸴ӣ˵ްңĸȻôİɡ

̧۵ϸȣȥǰҶһЩҲչҡ
ȣǰɻǹңȥһۣת㻹ֵܵĲͬ

Ȼʶ⻰޷ش𡣲֪ʲôʱʼѾĸٽԼˣЩӦԹ
ĳľעȲĸеλãĸΪΪ¶

ͻȻ˵ԣԼ̫ʵԼѾ˸Ͽ𣿼ʹԼҲΪͼıλ

˼ˣһ£λֻһԼˣпѡȻҲͱϻλİʯʯԶֻܳΪʯĸѡһֱȥҲò˵|ҩ
ֻ֮ѡĸֻѡ磬ԣԼЩ飬ֻѡ

һ룬ͻĹϵ޽⡣

ȣȥˣҲֻˣǾԷӽҲֻˡ˵ֿԽԽģЩֿιȥ

ˣȥϢɡЩˣԻ

ŮŻãǰ˼ҹ

պΪʱֿһȽӽ˺֮ؿӱ޸ϻڻǰʹ飬˭˶
Ⱥֵܸ飬Լһͺ룬ǱԼȽһֱߣһ𳤴󣬸ĸǰţܶలοͻȻ綨ȻԽܡ

Ȼ룬ʱĸûб乬Լûڹ£Ǻһͬĸߣǲǽպܶ鶼ͬˡ

˰׺ļظδᣬʵڵ

ϣͱŻӽס
磬⼸һֱãǰЩʵ˵ڣ֪ļظ»羡ø⡣

ȺܿʶǲһΣ

Ǵ¡ƥİ֮һֱ縮ǣ˺󣬽ƥѪҺɫڣҽ֪߶Һ˲ҷӦȻҲ⡣ֻǡ
ֻԳһֱɽǰϸ飬Χ䱸Է͵Ϯ޶֮Գ˻ӺҹǡСԳҲ

ȵͷȷʵˣԴ²ŻᱻΪһ⡣

ҡҡͷû֮£ҲΪһ⡣Һڽ֮²飬˭֪ʱѾʬڳգǵץסˣûüʻ˾ͱԶĶؿڣȥ׷Ҳû׷ϣ޶֤ʬ𼣡

ɴϲʲô

̾һʲôûУɾúܡ

ȻĲףţΣȴΪ֤ݣտƾֵֻøΪֵΪλɱ˭¶ˣ˭ڸоʧλá
ֵŵܣ⼸գûЩţ

˵ˣˣֵܲܰȶգǵ˵վȥˣ˭֪ȥˣ˵ڲҲû׵ΪҪô˵

ˣеǶҪ¿ǡްţ̫ĿǰҲʲôŵܣҶ˼˼·ߡ˵Ż⼸տ϶ȼˣȻظ֮ҸУ㡣

һţܾвȻš

Ǳƽģ˵֮ȴľѡϸϸǰ䣬ްƺҪһЩҲǷ̤

ǰԲ֮ܳ£ڣȴܲᣬϵȵ

ڸУһֱ˼룬Ȼ֪ԼʲôæҲﲻˣҲ̲סʱ᲻Σա

ԺȥԸӵľƣľ˼ᣬƺֻܸԼο

ڿ飬ͻȻƿ㲵˽ɫĺ磬飬

ǰᱧסܾò˵һ仰

סʲôҲûʡ

˰ΣɿϤḧȥյҵţǲŻˣ

ͷͻȻްˣȷʵһɥ¶ٰ𣿻һˣҪҪȥο

ѽһıǼ⣬̫ˣĸ˶ң̽ҵϢȴŰο

ȴҲǹֻеһˣٲϲҲǰǰˣϸöһЩˡ

⼸շ£̾һѽӦǲŸ¶ˣΪ֮󣬲ǿĸҪҪνҵĸԻչˣȴԶǰ㡣

飬ٶԡĺ磬⼸նûкúϢϴһ¡

ץʵûң

һ죬ͷ

ãȥϴһ£һſɺã

ɵĵͷ

ó˺ܶóԵģϲڲƷ

ңȸʢָ˿Ǵᣬ֪ģұԶ߷أƽӣǲˡ

뷨

ҡҡͷ̫̫ҲŹҡ̫ͬӮ˾֮ϣˡᣬȥڹɣͬȥӦܱ㰲Ȼ
³ɣҾӭˣÿЩֽǮС

һŭ⣬ѽд飬ǽҲĳɰܶͬûйϵ

һ£ͻȻ˵Ҳá




57.  ʮ    ôƿء


Σ, ܱƽ벻ʧΪһð취
ߵǰһ, д, ˭֪д¡顱֣ˤ, ֽ˺
Թ㣬д飡
˵꣬һˤˡ

ëʴվţĲ˻һڶû, 쳣ӡ

æֲʣֻСһߵȷԸ
Щ˶ȥ

صʵôˣǰһϲ, ôûһṦˣǲǹﲻˣ

, ˵ϲͳϲ˵ͺ, ҵʲôˣ

һ˵ʲô룿

ҪͲƷ᷿Ļ, ſ⻰ҲһˣΪȢعҪ, ôҪ룿Թء
ߵ, Сʵ˵Ͳ˹

ԲԣҰɡ

ߵſڣв, 뵽ЩͻԼΣգΪ̫֪֮£ԼͲ֪Ҫβ̵ֶΣһ˦ӽԼķ䡣

Ťһ־죬ԼʵˣǸջذߺĻԼͰ˵ˣ˺ͬ׼ôƿء
˭֪ȴҪߣṳ᷿̂һ

ƢҲǺǵģȲҲȥңôţ˭Ҳ˵һ

տûţû׼ѡһ֧ٹվͰߣԸ߾͹ʼʩֱӱ

գû˵ʲô˵Լ뷨磬ȥ̫ӿ϶ҪԸ㣬λ̫ӿ϶ΪҪģҵǷѾúܶ೯ЩҡȻˣŵ֧㣬

ȷǰݻĳﲻ֮ǰǰ۳඼̽뷨ȷ嵽εġ

˵תøʽĲ£û˵ҪҲû˵
˼ϣ֪̫Ӷʿ϶ҲԼҪʼһԶı䣬ȻԶԣʵ۲Ż߿

Һ;ŵ뷨һ¡
Ȩף˾㲻˾ӭȥ

磬Ǹΰ죿

̫ɱ֤ݣʹ޵ľֵܲɱ̫Ǵֻһ²ø˷̫ӵ˼ǾͶһºĿƾ٣̫ΪԼصˣһƿоԸĶŰֻǵ֪Ϊʱûõ֤ݣһ϶ҲôǾȥֻռ֤ݡ
˼Ⱦһ¼ãóڶԿ׼

Щ棬Ƚ

׼һò˺þƣʰȡ

һȾ͸оЩͬƺ䣬ůϢ

ڵһӲˣЩȡ
ֻ֪ϲȴ֪㻹ϲЩʲôոңԺҾСΪ׼ջǲģ̡һ٣°ɣ׼һˣˡ

ۿЩ죬ĸʲô£ֱ˵ͺãһҪæ

ڣæҲڷûճԡѿӷŵ

ſӵЩһַˡ

ȣ֮ǰǶ˰ɣΨһĶ֣ʹֻˡָʢ

ĸʲô˵ɡȲٸⲢȻֺãƺĸӣǲѱһˡ

㣬硭죬ۿܾò⣬ȻΣȣĸһ𣿡

ԭΪ磬Żá

Ȳ˵ֵ֪ͣ׸磬㲢޴ΪĿ

ȵһ㱯ˣһʣԼǲҲں
ò飬¿϶̫Ϊֻûҵ֤ݡ

˼Ҳ̫ӣ㸸ʶ̫ӼΪӣûȷ֤֮ǰ㸸ʿڣܲҵ֤ݣ̫Ӻ磬Ȼ

ȿŻ֣صĸԸΪ籨Ҳᾡȫ̫Ϊ糥֮أ

Ȼ̧ͷȣе˼һһ˵ҲȻȫϻλ
ʵѾûѡ

ܲζǻ˶ΣֻһĶעʣµѪԵǣǲѵͬ۹á
ʵҲûѡ

ãĸȷ¿ӣڸùˣˡ

ûڹϣͱƽסˣ

ȻͷͣסŲʲô£

١

ƽ巵̧۾ͿһֱΪʵ̫ҽ

̫ҽΪе£ϡ

̫ҽƬ̣¶ϲɫкתϲ¡

ʵۻ̫ҽȥ
ѽȥĸУûкһЩ

̫ҽʱ׹Ȼǵԣ˸ʵĶδʱһֱĸָ̫ҽΪڳǸ̫ҽʧˮˡԵġ
֮ǰԼݷͲˣϣ˵ѾϿĲѧıԡ

ظʣĸǰѾöˡ

ʵ۱ڽǰȣѯ˺ӽһ£ƺϵذնԴ¶в缱Żɥδ塣ãվȥɡ

ǣּ

߳巵ףڿʼѾǸˡ

˵ǰȥǲ¶ݣȥ˽ԵɣȻҪ֪йؽ˺ӵǸڿһҪãǴκûᣬʧ
ֻһȥҪһ£ΰ죿

δߣкܶ鶼û׵ǲͳȥģ̫˿ֻе㡣

һصУͷԸѡֺãֻģһͬߡ

ʵأ

±

ˣ£ҲҪҪһȥûұôУ

ȵǰȥû֪̫Ҳ⣬ӦûʲôΣգͬȥ

𻹲ֲ书˵ûΣգһأҵ书޼ܵУҸŵ²Ŷԡ

ȵһۣ˵Լ书أ֪֪ȥԾͥȾ֮ѽ

⡭ɵˣ˵м˶ǳ鿴ʱûѽ
ҵƤ·£ˣҷ֣ҪҵĽ¡

˺ˣע⡣ļ򣬡ⶼǱϵգﱣҲܰİ¡

֪ԼӵƢѸı䣬ȭǡ

Ƕȥæɣճʱ

ҹ᷿ſǻҪͬУ֪Ϊյ黹ţҲЭǻòߵš

ͻȻվã




58.  ʮ Ť   治׻װ


Ϊȿ, ȥ󣬱˳

ߵǰ֣ҵľҡ

, ҷ, ȥȡתҪߡ

ȥˡóһɫĲӣȺɰЩ, ȴȺɰΪ¡
ģ㣬Ѿװȥ

Ƚӹϸϸ, ÿ

ûбĻҪ˵ſվ˰죬Ϊ˵ÿ

ȳĬƬ̵ᣬȥϵض˺ӽһ£һͳ

˵ʲô
ΪҪ˵뿪, Ҳٶ, ̱̬ȡ˭֪еģΪʵ, ָɶʱŽ¡
ѽ뷽跨Ȣ, ſ˸˿ȸϸúܡ˱, Ҫ, Ϊ˱䵣£ŷָ, һͬԡ

ڿңһ££ڸб㣬ʲô㾡ܷԸȥ

£ⲻ˸
һ·ϰȫΪʲô𣿡

˴£ֻ׽֪֮Ҳ֪Ҳ֪Ӧǰȫģڼ̫ӳʲô۶ӡ

ƲƲ죬㶼ڣ̫ʲô

ֹڣ̫Ȼ٣Ͼ˼ԾͥͲһ˵ҪȥĻȻ£ЩԾͥһɧš
Ҳӣ㾡ܱҪǳҲ߱

˵Ϸ˻ӣȲҲߡ

Ųӣ˰벽ͣסջ̲סҳʱҺòã

Ტ»ӣҲд𣿵¶ҪҺԶˣʲô

ᣬҡ̫Ļ޷ڡϵػƿʼ̫ͬսʽĻʱΪİΣֻ½ǻ飬ɼӲı
鲻дһǻȥڹ

飬תͷѵԼǸ̨ǰջһһӺȣ˵ʲôǶԶҲżŵŪ˳ϲ£ǲһϲôЩ˵ˣһһ뿪
֪λ֣ôߵİ
£Ҿ̰֮𣿡

ȺĵعﵱǶΪʲô

طĻһʱһʱΪʲôԸ뿪治׻װף

ҲûоմӺعùҽݳ˵úֱʱǳ£û˵Ҫ뿪Ļϸ֪ҪͬԼùȥ׼
ƺ֮ôһ򣬾ˮɣ˭֪ͻȻްˣûͬԼɱգһ˼Ҽˡ

Ӧʲô㲻ͱ㲻Ͱɡһ˦䣬ȳ˷š

վǰ˵һ仰ɴס˯˾
۾ˣȴҺ壬ô˯ţȥڵҹ

ɴóߣ˼ǰͿʼĺɰ
ɰΪģܲܲͳȥɣֻǿɫɰһԲЩѹ

ʱվ᷿ſڣŽ˨ϣԻ߰ɡ

ߵǰֻͷһۣҪ̧ϳϤ
һ¡

ȻͷͼϲԾȾЦ⡣

ŲӵҪѾңΪβݣ˨ô£ǵҪĶôҡ

Ҹпûô۵ˡ۴Ц⣬ӿҵģ

죬ǡ㶼ҪˣʲôǼѾ⻹ң˵˵

ùĲѾȡ

⿪ˣϸϸ˿ô⿪ģ

ȰѾװܰѾһҴϵػ͸ν⿪ġ

˵ʱ˵Ҫ֤ô˽Խ⿪ءһãôѣô׵ϡ

ҧҧѹҵղⶫƣﲻص档

Ҫҭˣӻóɰӽûĵ㣬ⲻǸַ˺üĺɰС⣬Ҳص档 
˵תˡ

ȱ˲ˣɰḧĲһ֦䣬ǰúͬĵ
ϸɰŽУ˻ʹķӼ㡣

ߵĵգ̫Ӳ֪ȱˣﲻˣ˺ö๦ȥȵ٣ȴͷ

Ȼϣ̫ɳ˺ܶȥ£˿ǻʵ۸һ֣̫ôܲżأҲ֪ȰʲôҪ£ʥģԼ̫ӱȡ

̫żҪŪʵȥʲôˣһߣ߽езʵҫԴǰȥפء

ԾͥһͬǰȥΣ̫£ʱ֮ʣܷԾͥ뿪ĵĵ飬̫ΪӦĵΪ˱ԾͥԾͥûͬԼŮ˵˼Ҳʼ˵ӣԾͥͻˡ
֮ƲֹۣԾͥҲǹᣬ뿪ǣ̫˵⣬ѳƷ˼֢ͷʹ̣δͬȥ߽

ɳȥҲȵ٣̫зƣ˹լԺС

⴦լԺΪĵðġ֮ǰΪĵĵܾˣ˵ÿȥ¸Ϊ裬ҲĬ˲ٽӿͣóĵϲ

˽󣬶̫˵˳ϲһ¿ıѾã̫ȥĵȻԭĵǸϴŮΪԼıʧܣǳգϴ۵ĹŮȱУԹǶԼһס

̫ӷΣĵԭ£ĵԸ˵̫Ӳϧĵ

ްź̫ȥ¸һ£û뵽ĵʹӦˡ
˵˵ȷԼȥԾͥģʱ䣬ҲԼģԸ̫ӡ

ĵůð켸ˬɡ̫ӽ̫ʦϣйΪĦ۾ʵ⼸õĿɻ˳ģ

ĵ΢֮ˣѾˡĵùȥԼΪ̫Ӱ̫Ѩ

̫ץס̧ͷʵҲܣʼղĵڻܶĶ𣿡

ĵҡҡͷĶĵѾˣĵǷĵǵµˣһĶǵ£޹ϸ𡣡

̫һѱĵڴϣĵʶһͷܿ˫̫ӵĲȥ
۾̫Ӷʼնһۡ

˽һ£ҲԽԽůڸ£ʵģںԺ˺ܶŵ＾Щ𻨣Щ𻨾ƣҪشһ̳һ̳ҪĹһ̳ʣµģҪһȡ

صĥ˾˰һûϡ

ͻȻҴܽţ˵ͻϮ˼»ˣ




59.  ʮ    Ծͥˡ

ľˤ˵, 죬һӾˡ

ھ, ȻΪͻϮ书ǿ², ˴һ٣´ָΡ𱾾, һ£һҲȲˣͽǰҪĻ׵Ժˡ

Ҳ֪书ߣ֮ǰ¾Ϊ˱Լ, Ǿ֪̫æȵ䣬ﻹ뵽
ȥɣ, š

ǡƬ̲, ¾ʰ˰ȥ

όķתתȥ, ʮֲҲ֪ô, һֱҲûʲôθڳԶ

ҹЪˣԼŸ·ʼ, ﴩı, һȣӦþܴˣȴʼվһС־Ѫ

Ҫ͸͸, ȴ̧ͷһӰ˽Ҫһס졣
ᣬҡ

ǰȡĺڲԾͥͳǰ
ͬһˣһֱûлᣬڣҲڣҵ˻ͬ㽲˼仰

֪ʲôҲ֪ȥһӦԾͥٵġ

ᣬǲҪЮʲôǳŵʲôǷİΣʺ֮λ

̧ͷԾͥ˵ʲôѽôϺλˡ
˵ЩҲףûҪЮңҲû˵ʲôʺ֮λ

Ϊβӣϲǰһҹ㲻ӵ֪֪ʱҹ㷿ǰҹҪܣҾͰ㣬ɴû㷿ʲôĲ𣿡
ԾͥʵС

εӣڲ˲Һܺã߰ɣҪˡ

ǣǶã֪֪ϲԤıᣬ㻹ڹɣգҲ˹ʱһ飬̴ǰȥʡǸϲĵҲŵģΪľǷ㲻ȢԾͥԽ˵Խ˫ץסļ

ͻȻսн߾̫˵ӵĽ죬·Ҳ޹ͣΣǸʻ̫ǻѽ

ЦԭԾͥˡ
ҲȢ˵ġϹӣʵɣҲӣΪҸûӣһӡ

ԾͥЦᣬƭƭҲͰˣοҪƭѽ㷿£ѵ֪δͬΪпԣʵûϵҽʹߣⶼǵѪȷ磬޹أһɽˮĵطΣ

һ㿪Ծͥϵ֣ϹܲܲҪٺ˵ЩˡҺܸмϲǰһ죬ҪʱͦǣǵĹϵ˶ѣǷ飬󶨵취㡣˵ҺߣԲֻܾܾ㡣˵ĿԲڣһĻ

ĻԾͥЦǳ£ûͬ˵Ļ

Щˣڱ˼ݶ̽˷˽֮£ʵСо

ʲôΪҪҪֶ֪ʵڲԸҵҲˡԣҲԡ
ԾͥӻóһҩƿķĩС

ǽȥҪʲô

ߣĩ˹˲ʧȥʶ

ʱ֪ʲôطܻܺ谵ֻһ΢ĹߣӺԶĵط
ᶯ˶ӣֽŶסˡ

ˣ
һյ𱻵ˡ

ȵķ֣ûд˵ܿն᷿ǰ᷿ģľܣΣԲԲʣͭױ̨һ٣ǰڷʱ뷿׼ġ

ô˵ǲǺģ޽쿪ʼʱ׼Щס̫ˡ
Ծͥ˵ֶ˼յ

ῴԾͥʮİĪ£ģ

ط˭ҲҲᣬһأҲ㣬ͻ㣬Ϊһֱǹ𣿲ᣬãǻλѡЩ壬ͲðŮ޽أλòҲǱˡ
ԾͥߣֱһãҶã㣬Ҹ㡣ģҲ㣬Ҳǿ㣬շʮ÷ĸ飬һһֱȣȵĸԸ⡣

Ц㿴ڱϵֽţǲǿȣ

ãȻ㲻ԸⱻţͲ󡣡Ծͥ⿪ֽŵӡ

Ѿ˵ֽţ۾΢ߵķ򣬡Ҷˡ

ԾͥߵԲǰʳеԵĺ춹⡣

Ծͥú춹ĹȻ΢ߵķȥȴһۣ˸ƨɶףͷȥŷ֣ԼŸϸϸӣӵһͷ˨ڴϡ
Ծͥҵʲôˣ

㵱ҵӡԾͥĺ춹⣬㱾ҵģֻЩģܿһжصԭλ
ڵϵŵԲϣ㿴ӺϸõĹģ·ۣӹһУ㶼ܹ
Ѻ춹ŵߣԣ˺ҶһֿɺãǵҲãٲȻЩӻơ

ῴһۺ춹⣬죬Ծͥº춹⣬ľ񣺡кöȹϲʲôÿ컻

ῴһУò˼飬Ծͥˡ

ԾͥЦǷˣҷΣƾʲôǿȢУƾʲô˵ϲͳϲƾʲôʮԾͥδȴ޸˱ˡ
ƾʲô˵˻Ҫ˻飡

Ҳϲ㡣Ծͥһֱ㵱ʱ顣ڱǰѾ˵ĺˣŵ֮ǲܰȻȥҲ˵Щ˵ܱҲ𣿡
ΣЩӦö֪Ҳһһ˵

ѽð⴦طԾָͥܵûŵ֮ûûֻҺ㣬㲻ϲûϵֻҪһͬ㹻ˡ

ᶢԾͥΣӡתɵϣҲԣ˯һᡣ

ԾͥΪϱӣϢһظһˣ̫⼸Ҳʱҵ£Щ㡣

ԾͥȥĽŲԽԽԶֱӴϸŪȴҲκܴ򿪵ķ϶йӶ򿪣ܲҵŪģҲûҵ

ͷźһƬܵӲʯ飬ܿһɽɽںδ޴ӵ֪
ȵƣҲԼĽƽϵػǾҪȶã룬ԾͥͬһԼܲܵȵȵһ졣
ãӿͷ




60.  ʮ    ֻ뱧ų˼ĺˡ


ӱԼҹ, ·۵ƥڸϵϵ˺ӽ֮أƻôû¼Ǻ, Լȥҿջ, ҵһе֮ء

ͻȻ֣һ
Ǹгʲô£

һаáɻ, ûˣ˵ˣ⼸Ѿָˣ

Ⱦʲôţ

šӻŵʱͻȻŵ˸ʱʼû̧ͷżſ, Ҳû֮ˣЩɡ

ùŵû˸ѽ

̫ǲĴҵ٣ʱ˸٣뵽̫Ϊҵļıû뵽ɵмˡ

·, ȷм˸, Ѿ˦ˡ

ȵͷ̫ͨҵҵ, Ҳסû£Ͽظ, һڸУҲġ

ܺá̫˵Ѱҵµ٣Ҳػ붼ǵ·ϰźɱ, ±»ضǰɡ

Ҳ, Ѿϴˣ˵Ķԣ̫ȻҲģ, ̫ӿ϶ɱڻضǵĸ·ϵǣ°ɡ

ʵʱûʲô𣿡

ЦûУںԺ˺ö˵˵＾ժΪ𻨾Ƶġ£֮ͱˣȥ֮󣬺úúһɡ

ҿΪڹҲҪбԸ뿪߰ɡ㲻֪ҪΪ˱ѽ

ͻһһ˵ȴ˳˼ܾﲻȡ
̰ռĹĺ߷ðյļ¼ãȥһ˺ӣͰ½ˣվ̻ضǡ

ǡ

ڸУҲڣʵڲģվˣ·ϣѡٵһ˰͵巵Ȼ·̫Ӷɱһ·

Ȼ˷̫ӵɱҲè򣬸书ǿ
ż书ֻߣվм䣬һѹճһ㲻Ųæѡһˣؿλã˼̵ز

ɱѽѷ֮ʱʹ˹ԭƾеܿʤɱһвæˣ׷ȥҲûץһڡ

ͳǰ£µȥõδ飬뵽⣬¿ɰã

ȵá

ǰһͽ˹˵ڶһܵǣʱ䣬ʵİΣȻɽǰģ㲻ǰ˵˵Ļ֮λԼԷһ

ڻʼңɫ̫̽ѣ̫ӸõĻᣬôܴء

ͳȻȥɣϼѪջһȥʥ

ǡ

ߺȷԸ죬Ǹüе̧ߡ

֪ܴλᣬȻҪλóףͿʹʵҩеλñƫһЩδҪ
ڴУ˸עطأЩɱ֣ϧһЩϣܴ׳Щ

ȵ̫ӸƷϣ˽ȥ̲˵ߺҵδġסȥ֮ǰȥúشпжҩԷ֮Ծ

ǡ̧̲ȥ

ȿԼδѪյۣȻѵ£ߣʥ

žͼ¼߽巵

ʵһ½ݣ˫ַסļ޶ͳ˵ˣû¾ͺá
ͳ죡

ڡ

ȥ飡˭ôӣӶҴɱ

ǣ

ͳҪ£ȵͳʣЩɱ淢˸˻δģ͵̲ˣ֪ܲʳǺָʹġ

ŶͳɻЩѵصɱûһ㶼Ծô©֮㣿

ûͳ죬ʵʣ˱ʱûҪԾʱ·֣ʱֹˡ

ͳ

ȵ𣡡

ͳ챧ȭ书ȷпܡ

ʵ۵ͳ죬Ȼˣ̲ͬһ𣬰²

ͳ£óϵ֮еջʵ˵˽˺ӵص顣
ʣУ鵽󣬴ڼȥ䵱İյԼеĸأҪ⸳˰˵õİ˰٣ǰҪ˺ӣϲܸٵĸ˰˵ѹܴ󣬵عԱȴѡᣬȻ
ǣȥ˺ӵİΪƱ㿪ʼװɲ˰ҲҪؼҸ֣๤㲻ǻȥе˲Ҳøɻñӳ˺Ļ̡̻

ʵ̾˺һ֮£ʵӦ˶ԴͿաȣ¾㸺𣬴ȥÿһ˱ý˺˻ȥ긳˰һ˼ҽһ׳Ը⽨˺ӣȥ˰ҪŹǮãһ귨ȶС

ȵʣˣϵظÿ˰ȴ⣬ٸȻ̻˰ʱ̻ΪӯƷ̧ۣܿĻǰա֮øذϵظǸ˰
ȻҲ뵽´ǳ͢öԴļ٣飬˺ڼ䣬ȴӹпʼݻ˷ѣͬʱöǸҹЧ»ڼ֮жΪ

ʵ۴Цѽѽ׼࣡ѽ治޿еĶӡƽּ

ʥּ꣬ͨ˵̫ӵ

ʵ۵

̫һ巵ȣδܣû뵽ˬϲµȥ缲

̫Ӹ缪ԣȽȷʵáҲǫ飬ֱӦ

ʵ۵̫ʲôѽ

̫Ҿ񣺡ʣǰչ˵ˮƵںܶ๬ҪӹݣǹϱĿ븸ʹĿ

ֻʵĿ΢΢ü̫֪ܲȴϵشϢ޾ϵظ˰мžݻĿɣιΪɡ
̫ȥɡ

һȣɫȴұ¶ǡ

ʵһЩ;ǳص̸ȴ巵ɫˡ

гޱȣȻ˴ûʵۺ⣬ھ͵ͳɱֵˣʹʲôҲʲǿҲ̫Ӻһˡ

ϣóϵصÿҹеĺɰḧĲǴЦԭƻӿƿʼѭ򽥽Ը̫ӣû뵽ϵ֮˳ĳ
巵ԸΪԼܾ̫ӵĿļƻȴ̫ӵֺֹһ£̫ӺܿͻԹ˲Ͼ
˼ˣȲ뵽㹻ãǲǾͲȥڹˣ

ȹУɰŽУҪԼϲ÷ᣬƿ뵽ҲһյԼҸļ䡣
ҹͬʲôֻ뱧ų˼ĺˣȻ˯




61.  ʮһ    ôһȭ۳ɡ


ͣڸǰ, δ³ͻֹ
𣺡ôſڵĵˣ
Ī̫ʴȣ, Ҳھ͵, ſڵĵ˶ܡ
𣺡ѽʹŽ, ôûҹ
˶һۣʶ϶ǳ¡

ٳɣǰȥ, һȥߵš

洫˭Ҽݲӿ͡

󺰵쿪ţǵ»ˣ

Ӧſ, , ̹ڵϣˡ, 

Ĵôû

ͻˣ˵ʲôˣ

, ʧˣӵߵĵһҹ⼸ַȥˣ¸г², ر˸, ǼȲ֪ȥ˺δҲҲʮֻ֣̿, Ҳ֪״ֻڸУŵ¹

ֻǰһ仰Ӿˣ˵ʲôһ䶼ûȥ
ô£Ϊʧ٣ôʧˣʧٶˣ
Ѫ˲ӿͷ￪ʼҴܣҶ඾Ѿˣֵȥ鷳شˡ

ȥտʼѾʧٽʮˡ

ȶϬŵڵأ£´ˣһһ

ûͬƽϣҲҲˡ⻰𼸴ӵΪȷʵȺ

ȻʶеɽԵľͲ书ǿֻΪҵ٣Ϊô׾ͰѸ٣ֻ˶ĿĿľᣡ

̫Ϊ붼ǵʱвˣõЩɱ֣Լ巵һ·ٶûпҲûյʲôвĲż˽ٳᣬΪҪЮԼֻǵҪᣬһ˵ּ̳С

Ҹ㽫ĻᣬȥԾͥȥԶѰң

ͷϵ亹иһ˵ˣԼҲԭԼôͲӣ˶û˵Ȼ֪ΪȥԾͥҲʡ
ǣһһ

ԺĶ飬ܳȻˣҲ˲ˣվǰʹʱȲСլԺеס
ôŻﶼöˣҶˣҶûҸߺشǴ֪ˣȻҲˣѹһ㸮Щ˶пõģôõף絽ȥң˺ü죬ʲôûУﲻ°ɣۡ
Խ˵ԽģԽԽ
ԭΪ޸ܹˣ˭֪ôȣǹи̵ģҲȥˣۡ

ɫԽԽѿȣæǰס죬ҵĹѽ˵ɣ˵ЩϽˣ︣һܰȻ

һ˵תȥ

һݾͼֲסѪա
æסӻͳͱõҩι£вżȥҩ

ҴҳţϣôܲżһԼҪͬϲãһȴõϢԼûýͱѾܲˡ

ͬʱİҲͷ֪ӲʹͲӦð£ӦȥϵصǼᣬ˵书Ȳ𣬵ʮֵܵһɡ

õģߣ˭֪Ǹסġ

ҩԼѾװ£Ҫʲô

£ҲģֻܣУȥ彣Ҫš

֪סҩݵߣȰҩ˰ɡ

ȶ˹һе۽һ鶼ûټ˼š
ʱѾ΢΢ˣ𿴼ˣϻ̳Ͽ֡

ˣʵ

𣺡ҹڣû˳롣

䣬ͼһӰԶ߽˲ſ壬Ծͥ

һϣȥһĪȥ˲ĵطܴݾߣҪȥ̽һ̽ʵ֤ʵԼ뷨

㶢סԾͥ

ȸҪԼһװвף»˸

Ѿָյľ󣬴ɵæԼ£ȴܽš

Ȼˣӭȥ£Ϣ

ҡҡͷԸȥˣ֮ǰһðʧٵϢȥ

ǡ

»һȥһԾͥ

Ծͥƺȵĵ⣬վڻУ齣ţϷȴʲô֪˵ϡѽԾͥΪ˾ɣ

ԾͥϷ˵ҺлҪ˵ȥæɡȻź˵Ƕȥ

ֻܿʣˣԾͥѷŹϣеϵĲˮһڣݹʲôѽ

ȵϹӺα֪ʡ

Ӧ֪ʲô𣿡

ȿ⸱ӣѾ϶Ǳߵġ
ϹӦҲԤϡ

Ծͥһ֣ϴ뽲

ϲϹӵġЦջعʣʼã̾Ե޳᱾δޣȴҪҳϲҵѽͽ鸸ʣ˵ͳȫǣ˼ŵŰݷá

ʵ۸û˵£ںߣû뵽ԾͥȴˣѾܾˣƾʲôȥ飬ȢᣬͲҪܱ˵Ļ£

ȳĬ俴ԾͥԼӦȥ齨ˡ

Ծͥ۾һУЦҵԲģǲĲԼ°ɡ

ŶʲôҪĵ𣿡ȹƽȡ

Ծͥӣ˼ضǺѲɻûظ

ôҵĸʲô𣿡ȸȷˣʧ٣û֪Ծͥڻﻰ˼ڱѾ֪᲻

ڣԾͥʵҧгݣԼʧˣ˻һеӣôԣ

ŶѽϹӻͦҵģϹӼǹңأȥ漸աһںӣ۲Ծͥ飬

ԾͥͻȻ쵰һȭȴ
㲻ؿڣ֮ܶԾͥһȭĿûмˡ

һѪֱԾͥ·ϣԾͥס֣Ǹǰ˿ѽ¼ٿ˵ܻһʱ߿ϡ

е֪߹ʲô˵һӡһӣ˵һӡã˵ȥˣȥˣ

ؿڣΪһȭʹʹҺһȭڻݲȥˣһӣ˵Ҫһ
һ¾ˣۿ˲ͺˡ

ԾͥźۿЦ岻Ǵôһȭ۳ˣ




62.  ʮ ȥ   ҲǸӣǡ


ȳ֪֪ӻ, ʹȢǳϲҲֲ㡣

Ծͥȥȵ죬ȭͷȴٳ䲻ȥ, ΪǶһ, û뵽ô󹦷ȢһҲϧ

ʵ㣬Ҷһ, ˻ʱͷʢϲǳ, ɻ£Ȣʲô˼, ϲǿ, ȻԸ⣬ֺαǿ, ˵ҹһӣ˰ɡЦ

, ãáԾͥɿȵЦ֪, кαطô󹦷, ܿ㡣Ҳã᲻ٿα˵ʲô˵ʲôϲ, ԭƭ˵ģ

һѻ𣬡ϲ󣬱ȷʵˣòˣҲˣиʲôʵСڹУǱжٲҪ˵һССˡ

Ծͥսȭͷݺݰһ٣ǻӣòлȰ飬ת£´ͻֻܳΪɮˡ

ԾͥһƬģȷĲ٣ٱ°ߣӦû֮ǡ

һҹްնе

Цʵķ޺ֲûӹϲǰҹ˭֪ǲˣԸţҲԸǿá

ֲһǵѪգתţĿĴﵽˣԾͥ۰صӦöܶˣ㾯裬ܸҵᡣ

Ŵ򿪵һ˲䣬һǿȭͷϣȵڵأſڵ˾ȵĸ磿

жǷߺޣû뵽ˣôûܰعͳȥء
ſѾܾˣٳٲܱ޳ܵʲôز˵ʲôиҲعôҪиһϣ
ָԾͥԾͥСعﶩ飬ÿεǻϲӣǲǾһеףֱʧȥ˲ſʼڣعˮЩɥҸģΪڴ֮ǰûжЩģҲûʸ˵ϲعĻ
ָȵǸ쵰ƽȻ䵭һЩȴһֱΪһͻʸ־ƵˣȻعһ飬ӦһӶãû뵽㻹Ծͥ
عﲻˣǲȥңǰعﵱʲôˣǲȥңȥ

жǲ죬վĨȥǵѪĸ㡭
ԾͥҲһ˼飬ĵ£㡭

ʶԼˣЦһ£ҲǸӣǸɵӡ

ԾͥϸϸЩеĵεΣǰżȻһײԺʱϣԾ̲ס࿴ۣﻰⶼⲻ˶˵ᣬû⣬ֻġ

Ļӳ΢ǰʱʮһӣʹʮһζ˻ʵ۲ãЩΪˣĻĸ飬վȢĻһɲ
Ծ֪ͥŵĻĸˣĸ統˵һӲܸġ

ʹʲô˼ʲôأ

ȻҲ֪£ܱ̫£Ҳڳе˶֪鼫Ϊ谮ԼĶŮ˭֪ûκһпλĻӣΨ˳΢ĸ磬ĸ粻ޡ

ϣĸ磬ȾԼȢԼϲ֮ˣ̫ˣǴҲˣҲˣĻҪΪҵеֵĻԾͥʲôǲԸģ

˵꣬תȥʹҲ֪˵ĶԻΣĸ֪ᱻԾͥٳ֣Լһа᾿ȥδӣ

ĸΪῼǣֻһҵᣬ뷨跨붼ǣҸȫĵط

ӽȶԻԸɼȥĻӣԾཻͥ꣬˽Ծܱͥҵĵط
һߣ빬

˻Уһ˲䣬ˣ֮ǰĻȣڵĻ࣬ױҲǰˣʧȥ磬Ĵġ

ŷ߶ţˣ˵㸸ܰ£ɻ˳

˵Ҳ࣬ƽ࣬ȿķĸʱ𣿡

Ҷ±Ͷ̥˼ң±ĸԵ֡

ȲٸˣĽĸ׺֮ĸ֣һֺĸԼûйϵĸоôĸΪʲôϲˣǰ鰮飬ܶʱ޷Ƶġ

ĸãҾͷˡ

̫ûô빬ҲûôȥĸЩ£Ϊ㾡һҲﲻʲôæ

ȵĸľ͹ˣδ飬ĸþͰˣ£ˡ

ͷŪӡ

ֵ˾ŻӹУҲڣȰϵ֮к巵¸߸ǡ

ѽʵĿһֱƫģ֮ǰú󣬸ʵƫڣǻӦˡ

ŵˣ绹ڣҪλ粻֮飬Ȼ̫ȶԸҡȷʵҲҵϡĮȻ

һȵüë磬ⲻǺô㿴һ㶼ģüëһˡ

ʧˣԾͥٳߵģҲΨһõĵľԾͥӦò˺ᡣ


ʲô

ǸϿѽҲȥҡҪˡ
ŵܲɣ²ø֪Է֮ô£Ҫ֪ͬԾͥйŮһô죬ʲôԷﶼҪɻ
˼ˣæŵܣīֽһáãĸһ⣬˵Ѿҿ֪ᱻԾͥٳһ£ҪŴ£ˣס

ͬĸʲô£

Σֻðѽȥ˵һ顣ŵϴ󣬰ϲϣʵɵ˰ɣôܰԼ˵أΪḶ˶ǶǿģǸԾͥǸӣٳʲôĪһӰɡĸ磬ĸⱲӾûԼ˰ʲôãǸԼҲˣǼ尾

磬֪ΪԾͥɾ費ٷ㣬ȷʵԾͥͣҪһˣҲҵ˵ԼͲԾͥ߸ع𣿡

£᲻ģֻΪҪ䡣Ѿ֪Ӧʲô취ҵԾͥĵطˣǿģԱ˻ãԾͥ϶УΨйΪϡ˵Щʵϸϸ©ٳһԸΪȢһˣԼô˵أֻϧԾͥѾˣú޲˺ңֱ档ĸҲˣȻعԻס
ˣŵܣ£ǲǸҵģǰæġڹɢϢ˵ȥԶˣΪδϵػȾ˷纮вʣǧ˵ˣ⸸̫ҽȥУŵȥɢϢˣʺͻҪˣЩ죬㵽µЩӦҲͣˡ
Լմϵعֵ֧Ĳֳ֧϶ǰһ̽ǲ˸е
ˣˡ

صУҩӣ͵͵ЩҩȺˣܿ˯ˡ

ԾͥĻӴһܣɢԾͥԼҪĲȣˡ

Ҫͷʱ䣬Сķų˸

ʮˣһԼĸоŲ룬϶Ծͥͷˡ

ԾͥʳУԲϿǰᣬ£˭˽




63.  ʮ Ȧ   ҵȭͷ᲻ʹ


ⲦŪһ, Ҳ֪

϶֪ԾͥдŹЦ

Ц̷ᷢӦ, æʵˣûˣɻã

ԾͥеЦ˲ʧ, ôûôĹң

ͷÿκϲս, ҶȥΪԸƽ˵ûеĹ㣿Ҳ㵱һˣܷŹ, ǻˡ

˵Ծͥһϣ˵ҵ磿һֱҵδޣҵ磿Ӧðҵķ, , 㾿ûаң

۾Щ, бȴֲ̫ԡ
ʱйһõʱ, Ҳദ浽һ飬ĸ׸, ദ˾ͿԼ, һʵһӵ飬ҲһֱΪ
ҲܶˣҵĶֻǸʺԼ飬Դ, ſʼԼ֮ǰԾͥʲôĸ飬飬ǰ飬ֵܷĺ
ûСһЩĺϧѣҺϧϣãϣǸˡ

Ծͥ۽ǣᣬ㣬ôȢˣңҵڶ㣬Ҿپȥң

Բ𡣡תͷ

Ծͥߣûϵ㲻ҲûϵҲ㡣

ῴ

Ҹ㣬˵˵㱾ӹ飬˭֪ǲˣҲһʱȤѾˣҪˣҲʡ취뿪

򶨣ƭˡ

ش˵ĻڶߣǲеϲԼӻĿȶֻһʱȤ
䣬ϲһֱֵ֧Ķ̫ӣûȥôվȥˣƭҡˣȥ

ԾͥҲյӣȻЩģϵػǵ˱µĻġҪҺͻ飬յҸΪ˵¡Уǲǲˡ

ҲߣɵϣϱӣԼ档

ԾͥͻȻįĬĬڴأᣬҴôȢ㶼ûãȢȴϧΪΪҵģˣֻֻǲˣȴ˿ҵȭͷ᲻ʹµֹǵʮ꣬ᣬܸΪʲô𣿡

ڱҳһ飬Ծͥ˵ôϸӦȥǲ˵Ļ
ȡ±ӣڴڣŲڴصԾͥԾ֡

Ծ֣ͥῴԼ˵ָؽڡ
ţĻӡҾ֪Ļһ٣㰲ĴɣһһӶõġ

һӣʲôЦ˾Ȼ˵һӣڰյĶѨһֲ̫ˣʹÿгкȣȦʲô֪Ծͥ˵Ǽ٣ȻطΣҪҵףôֻԼ취ˡ

Ӳ̬ˣҪ취ԾͥԼɾ裬취ӳȥ

Ծ֪֪ͥϲǰһԸߣжл㣬ݸлȥ⣬ϳɱУܸͷҪѵ㲻սɱ𣿡

Ծͥһ棬ᣬȻң֪СıǱϳɱУҵΪ㣬θȥ߽һѳͷδȥܲζֻҪһ뵽ȥ˾ͻԶʧȥ㣬ȻˡҵԹٽԽԽԶҲô죿

Ҳûһֻһǣһб˵ŮĲֵáЩĳ

ԾͥȻסᣬ㹻ˣʱʱܼ͹ˣ˵͹ˣǺҵģߡһ겻о꣬겻о꣬겻оʮ꣬ʮ㻹ûңҾͷߡ

һӣʮģԾͥŹ˵һ껹ʮ껹һӣûʲô

Ҷˡ˳̬Ȱ˵޹ЩĻ䡣

Ծͥſޱ´ԲǰʳУζͬĳĺ춹⡣

ԾͥһԽζĿţһ㡣

ڽԾͥգҲգÿζԾͥÿն߹ֵĽֵƹݣ·һȾ书µˣⳡپͳһġ

ˣ͸˵Ļɳˡ

Ϊȱֳĺ⣬ַųϢԾͥ˵Ļȷšֻ˶ĻӣûߵĶ
ҲС£˷֡

Ծͥÿʧ·߻ȿȷ֣ЩطͨʼΧԳķ
Щ֣ΧԳԶн
ɽվȥΧԳɽ鿴סҪԾͥ

ΧԳĺɽܣΪ¾˿ΧԳĽͼıץҲȥ˲Ȼػֹܷ˷֣ԾͥǷһ

һɳȥôԾͥ裬ᷢƫƫ˶ȥˡ

ⲻò鹦ȶ˵ǷֻϧѲɽգûҵ˿Ѿʧٰˣûһǰȵģ춼оѡ

᲻û˯һþҲûгԹһٺ÷գճĬ޻˼ʢܿͲˡ

Ծͥʳеɽʱʱǵپǿڴϡ
ᣬ࣬ҳˣʵģ϶ϲ

ȴᶯԾֵͥԳҷ𣬱ԼĶӡ

ỹûжԾͥ쵽Ծæܹ۾ͷǺﻹʲô
һĶͷ̣

ˣһ뷨йУطͱ¶ˣУ
Уָôأ

ܵĶӣ˷磬˳ȥ

ҩ̣˵˲˵֢״ҪˣԾͥǳܾŽҪЮиϿ쿪ҩץҩ

ץҩҩ𼱻ɽȥȻĻˣʵҵһͿĻӵ˿ɳ֮ǵΧԳɽǲܲɽȥи̣ԲԭԼ

ںɽ𣬾ڴʱ˻ŻŵԾͥɰ˻ˣС

ͼԾͥһïܵĹľԣҪȥ뵽ԼǰηĴûæܻ˴¡

һɽȥڽΧԳɽʱͬżĻӡ

˶һۣȿĻӿԼ飬Ѿ֪ԼƭԾͥҲ϶³ԼΪλ˵ԾͥǷˣĻӻѡ

·ȵн˺ɽľǰСĴ˹ľԣȻһɽԭľԺ⴦ɽĶŵġ

˭ҷȥ¾Ծͥ

ᣬôˣϾͰҩˡɽӵ

ȵ˲ôˣΪʲôҪҩ
Ҳ˲ˣȥ




64.  ʮ    ΪʲôҪס˫ۡ


εĽŲ, ܿԾͥľ裬ڵķһۣûй˼, ڱ˷, Ĳ顣

ҩڴʱˣԾͥҩ, 

Ƚʱ򿴼ľһܿͱΧһоסˣԺҲˡ

ɽŮӵĹ뷿ģ

ȷʵǷˡ

ȿڴϵǰ, ԾͥһֶҩһְγȵؿڣҲνԾͥؿڡ

ỹûҩ

Ȳ֪᾿ô, ŲԾͥĽ, ˿ԥóذ״ԾͥĽķȥ
뿴ǰߣ

Ȼס˽Ų, ˵ʲô

ҸղŶ˵ˣỹûҩ, Სˣûҩ
ԾͥתڴһϢļ٣оҩѾЩ, Ľ, һһιҩ᳹׻ˣιȥҩҩ˳

ȼһƿԾͥ, ԱߵץסԾͥ
ҵģ߿߿ԾͥҪѿ𼴿ֽ̰Ŷ֮Ѹ٣ԾͥûüӦѾ廨̫ʦϣá

ȱᣬӹ̣죬ȥ֪ͨشеȺ򡣡

Ҳ˴ߣվһüͷܣȴعУԾͥš

áȱߣ˭֪ûЩק˳ȥͷһ˩һϸϸӣһ˲ŭӿͷŭڣԾͥ㲻ˣôôԴᣡ򿪣

Ծͥҡͷ㲻ܴᣬܣҪһӣһӡ

𽣿ӣ֣ȴûϡ

ҲˣǰžظԾͥһƣԾͥѣٲûˣڻȣٲʱҽκ룡

Ծͥ˫۽յᣬĵ£ȥоᣬ뿪뿪ңǲܴܡ 

취ŪȽСķڴϣʼԾͥҪҵܴԿס
˰Ҳûҵ˵Կ׷ˣ

Ծͥ۽ᣬЦҲǴģ

ץסԾͥļʹҡԾͥһ㣬㿴عڵӣ㵱Ҫعǰ𣿡

ԾͥͷЦֿޣΪʲôҪôңҲҪһİˣôôأ

ԾͥѾˣټȥˡԾͥͷõĹã޸㣬ΪϷˣϼ˶Ÿɣȥ߽ͬսѵ֪Ӫж࣬ож࣬Ҫʱٵ˵Ĺ޸ֻ޾ίͲϵЭְɣЩ֪ΪʲôҪס˫װ

Ծͥͣ鶯ż򣬿ɫ԰׵ᣬһϢڴϣЭˣױ̨ϵǸԿסܸԸķԸͬףΪ⿪

һæùͳ˳ȥ

ԾͥűڴϵķһѪⱻȥˣʹ顣

ϣȽᣬǱıһ㣬ĶͷϣᣬԲ𣬶Բ𡭡
һ·۵糸ļҲ˺û뵽ΪԼĴи̣ҪӴж˿顣
ͣڸ⣬ڵ͵õϢš
һôˣ

Ⱥ죬عùã

ᱧϴشüͷ£Ѫ˼ʢ¡

ԾͥЩʲôȥ˺ĵطʼռ⣬Ҳ֪ںδ֪Ҫãôܣ

عùãҪô죿

ĪѾһ˹һҽùģֻǹںûҪѹԸһұ͹˵˵ȥҩˡ

ȵͷش˳ȥһ֣ΧŮҲ˳ȥ

վһûȿһۣҲȥ
ͨһ¾͹ˣ£´ˣңܣѴ̡
ȥȲ˵û˼¡
ԾɹŲȷȥ
ſţæ
ӣڲ˵Щʱ򡣡
㶵Ż˷䡣

ܸʲô¿϶Ҫôô뷣ͷˣֻҪãĴͲƽˣ´ζ೤ӾС¶ﲻ𣿻η㣿

ЩãȻ˵ôôأ

ļ򣬡书ǿһ㶼ǳ⣬²Ҵˣȥ𴦺ú룬ֵˡ

˹⼸ŵĴˣҲ֪ʲôʱѣȥЪŰɣš

Ҳģһš

ɴཫ彣һţ̨ϣҲģҲš

ڣ֣Աˮʪķ˿۵󣬿յ˫ְۣûڡ
ᣬҵһμʱֻСèһСվźСס㲱һ̣Ǿ˰㱻һЩңŵӣŲװѹҴ

ԹЦһ£һ˫Ⱥֵǵ۾ңңܻҩ˵ҿǸˡϣӳӣ˯ӡ룬˵ǺǷĵġᣬٴο㣬Ǽ¶üݽӽ㣬ʱֻȤҲ֪һʼҾ޷԰εݽȥˡ

һ壬ĸ͸ã̫ŸʻģûɻôѵߣʣլԺЩӣҴûйĿġô죬˿ںЩҺĽҶͬһڻʼɼȥҪֻӮ䡣
ᣬֻ֪ܸҰοҪ˵ʲôʲôһؼңҾͻúҸֻҪڣһУǸϵλãҾ塣
ᣬᡭ

һˮһʽĶУһƬ˺
ڻУĸڲɻ׺͸ڻ轣֪ԼΪʲôͻȻҲ֪Ϊʲôȵϣ̧ۿȥȴֻɫһ΢Ĺ⡣ŸĸֳԼǰú㣬Ը˼κ£ֻһֱǱʶƺһֱиһ뿪ͻԺܿµ顣
ܾпһ飬ȴ벻ʲô

ͻȻߴһ֣Ź¡
ЩϤԾᡣ

ԶĸȥҪôһ£ȴȵķĸ׾⻨Уȴô߲ȥתĸֳôܶߡ
ǸȴԽԽһһᣬᡣȻȵݣһ˲䣬ΧһжʧˣĸֳʧˣﻨʧˣǰʣһƬɡ
۾




65.  ʮ᲻   Ҫ㡭


ӱ̫ʵ, ϤһӡʱһʱûܷӦһƬհס

ᡣ
ϲ, Ϥ, 

˳תͷڿʱ, еίӿһ§סĲӿڼˣΪҪԾͥʮꡣ
ɽʮ, ῴƺ˶ʮꡣ

ԲᣬԲ𡣡Ȳͣĺ󱳡

ͻȻʲôϵػ, ˣ

ʪ, ЦҺܺ, ӱġ

ǻţ˵ˡ

ⶼԾͥʹ, ϵˡСʵᣬԾͥû˺ɡ

ҡҡͷʲôû, Һܺ, ֻǰˡ

һʵѾĴ㣬عù˵˼ʢ˼ǲ, û뵽Ծͥɳ¡ᣬһúû㣬ٲ鷢

ͷǱ˵ˣѾȥˣԾͥҲΡ⼸һֱ룬ǲԼ˻ķʽ̫ϲһûдûûжڵ˺¾ǶǴǲĶԲԣһ£ԼϲԾͥһҪ˵ġ
ֻǳϲǰһգԾͥİΣŽҪġ˭֪һΣԾͥ

̧ͷȣ뵽һ£ֵͷȻ񣬡ˣǻȥڹ𣿡

סĲĴָӣҲˣ᲻ã⼸죬Ҳˡ

㲻ˣ

ͷҪߡ

촽ʵɽ⼸գر£ԶҲˣһԾͥ˷裬ʲôµҼʹˣ㶼֪ҵ֮ء

㲻ǸԼһ϶˵˭Ҳ˸ŵĲܿ챻ѹ£Ҳ뿪ңᣬ֪Ҫʲô£һܴģңҲԸΪҵʧܶ㡣ᣬҸα㣬ĺܺ¡

ᶨĿҲ£ÿһ춼ү͸ҵġ£ɣԸ㣬һӡ

ϲüңᣬ˵ʲô

Ц˵˵Ը㣬һӡ

˵仰˺þãը˻ⱲûôĹ
վڷ˵תȦȦ㵸Сӡ

ǿЦЦо⣬Ǵûйİȡ

صߣᣬú壬ˣȥҾʹȥҿںԺ˺ö쵽ˣһժ𻨣һ𻨾ơ

ͷĿ䲻ԸⱻԸլУȣÿԡ

ߵţ£ҩˡ

ȳ

鼤Žᣬҩ룬һѱסᣬɼˣŻˡ

ȥˣҺúõģ飬ˡԼҸģԴӸĸֳȥýá

ȺȥѺعùˡ

һˣ彣Ż䣬ȫЦ⣬صǣ
Ȼʹ˽

شţ˵˯գѾöˣվ޴ˡ

Ȼȵ¿ȥЪһᣬԼҲǸˡ

ȵһ㶼ۣûǾһᡣ

὿£

һڳļ˶ȵЦ

߹ȥס֣ᣬ㡣

ִ̧գˣδ˺öࡣ
ȵ۾ͻȻһ£˵ȥϢ˯ǰ˻С

Ավŵĸˣ޲пشѾʪۿߵһ̫ˡ

ﻹ˼ѾըˣҸ̫죬̫ͣе㲻ʵûԼ˵ˣЦдᣬͷããҶӵġ

ῴΧˣипǧˣô֮ǰܵʹֵõġ

ȥɣʲôһȣҲҪϢˡ
˵ˡ

ããȥϢΪǺñӣᣣһ˷䡣

ϢվԺɢˣΪɱֵ£ܱٽǲ۶ҹٺ˯ӣǺŲԸ˯Сһ

ָֻɵӡ

ڼ֮ǰûƺõ·ϸϸѡŻӦյıϣΪЩʲô

ֻ±ߣ򵥵ʽŸʺȡ

˿ָ裬˵使ˣҪ

ͣһ£Ķɡ
޽࣬Ҳ֪һЩе£ƴǰɽҲϾͼֲȥˣӪ룬󲿷ֶΪãв١ķûзּʤƷּҡ
使ҪҪ˵ʲô

使һӰڵξǽ棬ʱŮصվլԺУֿࡣ
С̫վ᷿ſڣŲɣֻͷ˿̤˽ȥ

ˡһ䡣
̧һͷǳϡѽ

使֣һ񣬡
Ƕöȵĵ̬Ҳ̬ȡɣϲ衣

使ͷ˵£û㣬ǲԸǲҡ
ٽͣöҺĸ΢ʣĸֱڿ죬ҲʵúһЩ޸˼ҡ֮ǰòԵĵطдһʶ

ڸŴ棬ƺÿ˹ģϸϸ使Ϊĸǰ˻ʱԹЦֻǵ֪ϲ󣬴Щ˵õĻԲ¡
ܵͷǼúˣ˵˵ȥǹСϰû䡣

᲻˵ֻǿ͸һ㡣

使᲻˵ּ˵ıȸʱöˣҲ֪ײǴϣǺôҲؼҵսؼû˵ӣԶؼҵĳˣŬܹҫ鹣ؼҵҫӦҲǴġ

ʲô˼ֱ˵ǡ

使½ǣԶŸӦòѰɡߡü޵ãҲΪ˾Żֻңһ꣬׵ĶСС

ԭˣЦЦҵ޸ʵڲʲô£ж˵ſᣬҸҵĿҲֻĻ£ǲ֪ܲͬһˣ˵ȽЩм޹ȥܷȽűҲ˵׼

㣡使վҪѹסǼԶĲ£û˵һ䲻ǣÿܰ




66.  ʮ Ը   ˣȥ


ʲô, Ƕ֮ӿ֮ʣܸңֻͬԼµĵܵʵ̸ܡ

֪, ܵ˵Բ, ȴ⣬ѧҵʵڲ, ȲԼοƿδϰʵ㲻˲šʵˣĲ, 䲻䣬ҪʲôĲأ˵ģǸɼ򵥵Ĵֻ, ȲļҶ

Զʺ϶, Ҳʺڹı£ѧո, ҿͦϲľͷ̣ѧ, һɾ͡
Ľ飬使ȴ, , û뵽һ¶ûӦʣǶԼĻ£ﻰⶼǷ̡

֪Ϊ˳ѿ֮, ֮ǰ֣ò⣬㳣ΣΪ˺һò衣ҪһôõĲˮҲˡ

ܾﲻԣֲЦˣ使Ǹӡ
ѽʲôʱУݲ裬ٸСġ

᲻˵˵˭֪쿪ʼ使֮նһա

ÿζװĻ֦չгʱӭȥʺԼݣǿԼֹУٵĹԱ͸Ҫ˵ˡ
䲻ϲˣ使ķϣδ˵

ῴ使ӣЩɱѾںʲôˣֻҪй֮ҵԸžУҲŴ󻧱ΨһԸ

ˣʵڲףǵʱܾˡ 

⼸ڸзۣ÷꣬Ȼյ·ʱж࿪ġ
˸ȴ˵Ҫţ˭֪˺þҲûȵ

ʱȺ̫վ巵Уʵָͳ̲˵ǲ鵽ĸ̫Ӻ˵һ顣
̲ɵ̫ӡɱִĵһǾʹ·ҵ˶ƣʲôᣬû¶ۣǽѶ˼գɱֶ˵֪ԼΪλжƣҲ˵ԼǱ˭ָʹġ

ͳ⼸΢ɱ֣ڼ绹һã΢ùڽϣˣ˵Ȼ֪Ϊϣȷʵ̫ӵָʹǽɱģ

̫һϵʣУͳ˵вΪ˱ˣֻ˵ҪĻˣ

ʵ۵̫ӣ˵˵ô£

̫ʵû뵽ôлڱץΪλɱϣҲ˵ɱֲ֪˭ָʹӰ°ˣȥɱҲ᷸ôͼĴ
ȣһɱôܻлڣȷɱ֣
һ뷨ǣ߸ġ

ͳվ̫⻰ʲô˼մɱǲɱѲһῴ
ͳʣֻڻʵۣе֤ݶָ̫ʱ漰˭

ʼձֳĬʵ̫ӴɱһȻãܣҲǿ󡣵֪£ﶨȻ̫˼ֵɱʵ̡

̲ɵ£ɱй֪δã

Ҵɱӣɱ⡣

ʷ˾ͳ޶֤̫żԼûɣ˻øΪɱһºԼйأð취
ʣµ飬öһ

̲֣ڵʿơ̫ӽùϸ˿ͷϵĺ
⡭ơ
ΪЩɱֵʱȷûб¶ԼݣԼƣŴһǶơ
ǵǰնһ飬ؾ顣ʣԩɱֹ»ڣҺܵĹϵøʶԶᡣ̫ӹصʣ󳹵׵¡

ʵۿһԵʵȣô

ȵʣ̫ǲẦҵģͬٵ顣

ʵۿص˵ͷ̫ӿһĻʹҧźսȭͷ

ȥɣ¼֤ͳ죬ڿʼڴɱָʹ֮ûҵ֮ǰȵİȫ֮ء
ʵ˵תڵȥ

ʹǱҲòŰѽľȨȰɣ̫ʵûͨǻʵԵãûиȨʹҪҲӦǸôˣһΣУʲôֳܱƽһ̲ɵȥǸɱ֡

ߺͳȡ½ƣ£ڱûȡǰеýȨ

Ƚӹƣͳ죬ֻӸʵ˼ƣ˱ҪıҲá
֪ǲǻʵۿһԲ

ͳ쿴ȵжЩ壬ĩ

߳巵ܹ£ʺ

˵ȺȻظһͬŵյȱʵٵϢԼҲٵһȣû뵽һȾ͵١

ɫѾ࣬ﷸֹ֪ʲô£Ҳݲ룬ҴҸٵ̫˹

һŷ֣λϳ˻ʺ󣬻վڻʺָԼ˵ʲôŲһͣĲᵽɤۡ

վôԶʲôǰñʺһۿ

ߵʵλù񣬡ʺ򸣽𰲡



߹ȥ£һ̧۾ͿЦЦĿԼֱëûк¡

Դ޽ҲˣҲܵ˱µãϲѽǳ̫ˡʺЦ˵

Ǳºĸ嶡

ʺɫһô˵δͬأ
˵ض;бɱϢ̫ӵ˽⣬̫ܿΪ̫䲻Լôδӣһֱ̫Ϊӡ
ŻʵΪ̲ɽͳ̫ܲżǡڴʱδͬ٣ͽͷ빬Ϣ˳ȥ뿴᾿жںҲ߻˵ģǴˣҲ˲ԣҲֲͷϡ

һ˽ܵ飬ôô˶֪Ծ֪֪ͥڻʺҲ֪ˣ͵ʹ֪
¿ɴССǷ޼˽£˵ǻõˣһʱ֪λش

ĸ˵Ĭˣηָָʹ
װȥԾͥ˭֪ԾͥԼڸƣϷ˿ηˣ˵òˣηý˷Ծͥƺʧ˵˺Щ˼Ļ˵˵žͰ˲δͬĻ˵˳η󣬱һʱ˻ʺ
ͼӴ׹ʵ˵Ϊŵ֮˻飬˵ỹϲԾͥųٳٲϺͬ
ּ˻գǺΣ֪Ҳȥ˵ǻʵ۲δ˵ʺǲ֪ġ

ʺ֮ǰͬлԼΪҪ˻飬ĪﻹϼҵӣʹϲҲԸͬ

һɾʹˣϵ죬СŮͬϹûκιϸСŮΪֻһˡ

ʺЦЦˣȥ




67.  ʮ    㣬㡣


˼ŮһϹùá

Ϲù˵, ū

ȺǦ벻֤ʵûԲʲô, ֻ˵ŮӲ౻, û˵Բεģ֮λ޴, ʺںɶúܡ

ôӱ˵Ļʺһ࣬һֻ

᲻ҡ

Ϲùһ, Ů˳ȥ

ãԻʺ˵ĸ˵ѽƺϲĺ, 㿴, ޹ȥˣ˿ǿ

ʺȷʵɫ, ֻۣû뵽绹Ņ̀֡ͷηƵѾͷ, ʲô˼Ҳ֪ǰϼδޣϼҵӣ˻, ûԭ򣿡

ηƹ, ǵȻҺԾͥãֻԾͥΪ˽Ըǰ¶ˡ

ʺ, 㸸㣬㸸ͻˣ

ηε죬ŬԼЦȻԾͥ˵Ҫٶ򼸳ʤȥ򸸻ּĸϵ廨Ǻÿ

Щҳ˵Ż̫ͨ

ʺЦηѽ˵û統ϲϲĽ
ɡ

ȽƣûпᣬǲϢˣ˵Щ밲Ŀ׻ߣ˭֪ʺ˵˻ģ

Ȼôˣʵʵ˵ĸᣬǡô巵ͬһͬظ

ηƵ磬ĳϲСǲǻûԲѽûԲܳãԲ˻˵ã˵žЦ

䣬붯ηˣûҪ˼ڶԸϣ̫ӷˣһֵû뵽ȥǣԼǲ֪ߵˡ

Ƿ֮£ֲ˵ġһڻʺǰ˵Ļʺ۾
ȻģǾ͵һȰɡףȴһֱͬ˵ûи¶ģܸʼҿ֦ɢҶôСѾȥˣηʵڼȻѾòٳϲˣȢ

ηƵһϯûʺͻȻ뷨ȷûͬϲܳӴãǵ˱ãͬ˻˵ã»͸ˣþΪ°һӣʹᣬҲ취

ĸǸ״͵ģֲ˵УǧĶǰΣʵû뵽ûԲ£ܱˡ

ȵһζ죬ʺվ󵨣㾹Ҷô˵ỹȵߡ

Ȳ˵ĳĬѾˡ

ηҲסˣû뵽ôҪɲСȻ£Ҳ֪ܶ೯վһߣ̫ӸĴ֮λѾˣʤߣƾ֮ǰͱһԼҲûӹ취С

˸˼֮ʱϹùô˽ȿᣬ̽Լߡ
ᣬ㻹𣿡

˵֣Բ𡣡
ÿ̽˵ʱûб̬Ҳ֪Լ¸ʲôһˣԲǳ¡һֱŬԼԼһֱȡûиʲôһϸԼ

ҡҡͷû

ϹùǰūˣǴӡ

ˣʺϲ֮ǽ밲ˣȻ˵ʲô۵ˣǿЦ

Ȼ˵ûʸˣȥ¡

ǡ

ţȺԻʺ񣬡ȷų嶯ˣĸЭȻʸ񡣡
²ʺĿʵºʺ򸸻ʸ״°Ѹʺʵ۽ԣһ˵ɲĻǲˣӹѪжǴ¡

ĸһֱδͬΪӲδãʱȵҩʺãʶûͬںҩԼҲһҽ飬Ļ

ˣӺҩҲӰ̥ʺɻ

ĸţɴ̫ҽݶ֪£һãȴס̥ĸ˺ڡ

⻰һ˵ʺû˻ηҲû˻

ֵٹһʱãúҩȻԲ޼˽£ĸģû뵽ǾŵĸˣɫͲĸˡ
˵꣬

ʺ󺰵ȥ̫ҽҪ֤ʵ

ϸʹ̫ҽ󣬵õĻشͬ˵һ£ȷʵЩҩ̥ηƵԺЩ£˵

ηҲû뵽Ľͷǡ

ʺˣҲȥɡŮʺڵ

ظϣʵ£ȵҩӰ𣿡

ȹһıǼ⣬ɵϣƭǵģõúܡ

һ죬ͷָҧҧ촽ګ£ԸҷУ

һϲüңϼȻԸ⡣ȴֳɫᣬΪ֮£

ҡҡͷ̧ͷȣںҹ峺ˮĵӡ
΢̧ӣһֺߵصͷ

ȵġһˣصƿˣǰͷƸգָסĺ󲱾ᣬ㣬㡣

ţƽ룬ĴָĦ촽

۾ľƬԼ촽ʱ˲ֹͣе˼ֻʣ˰׹⡣  
ǶԴƷһ㣬ǵɬСģȴģ㺣Ծȡ
˳бӣסͷ£ղ̰ӶеϢ

˺þúþãŷſϢŲͷĲ˵һ仰

ͣˣȷᣬԼ£վߵᣬδ֣ǴὫ

ɿļͷֱʽļͷȴǰԺһֱ߹ȵ˺Ժ᷿Уֱӱķ䡣

š
˵ӦǡＤزУϸ˷š

˶ڴϣȥ¶˶ᡭ

ḧӣָüıǼ⣬촽ϣһֹ

קᣣеһж񱻸⣬ֻʣСӡ
ӳᣣֳӰ˿ࡣ

δ˴𣬾ȼһҹ峿⣬һͬŷ䡣

ڵ˶ƣ룬ʱûж

˹ͬСèһһ̲ˮͷü䣬ƼԼϵӡǣǡ

е˶ôƶƲ޼ɵ
̫ȣУ۾ȵĿ⡣

ҹ֣ߵתӣȴӱʵʵסᣬ㣬ôԶԲ
˵ҧϢһ飬¡
ɲǾܾҧסĶ䣬һû
ӣϸϸܵһһü۾Ǽ⣬촽ϡ




68.  ʮ    뿪𣿡


еƷķ, ҹᣬЩԵӶᣬͷ˿, Ŀ, ȡÿһ˿Ϣ

һ˲Ϣȼһѻ, Ӧǡ

£ټ
˵

ȴŴӣټʱ
֪ˡ

µĿ˶, ʵ᲻ãᣬǴɱʲô½չ, ˯һᡣ

һ˫ˮ۾, ͻȻ̧̧ӣһ, ŵóѵЦ⡣

һӾЦˣ, µ˴Ǹ˵ġ

ָϵ|æ¿ȥ, ¡

˵Ļ, ߣᣬû뵽Ƥҡҡͷ

´ͷٿһ۹ڱ, ֻ¶ԴʵڿɰѽŲ˲ӣԳԭֻþӴ˲糯ǾЦû뵽ʵһʵ

ٿˣĳϲСʵ̫ˣٿҪ£һԵ³š
¡

巵Ϳվ̲ɺͳ죬̫Ӻʮӣʵһࡣ

ЩƣʮΪҲڡ

ʵָ̲ɺͳǶ˽ҹ֮˵̫ʮ

̲ɵ̫ӡʮ£ҹɱɱֽУֵص˵˽ȥ׷ʱѾ׷ˣͷɱѾˡ

ͳĩæȥɱõĵطȻץһˣǡ̧ͷһʮӣʮӸе

Ⱦúףʮ̰öٲ볯û¡
һ۾ܿͷӦҹ̫˵ҪɱģҹˣʮӵΪ˭Ϊʮ飬ʮͷԼ򵥣²Ǳ̫ˡ

ʮһϹڵǰʣҲ֪¡

ʵ۵Ǹ

ܿ˰ʮһȻԼеԼߵߵǰܲʵΪҪȥɱǸɱ֣ΪλҪȥɱֵã

ֻ£ȥɱ˵ģ˵Ϳ̫ˣ͵˶ƣɱֽɱһãݸ̫ӣ˵Ҳɱˣ

㣡˵ʮӻ˵˭ô˵ģҶ㲻˺ң

ʮӼʵ۽ͣʣǺ˵ģû͵ƣҲûȥɱ磬˵϶Ҫ

ʵ۳һʮ˵˭Ҫ㣿

ʮסˣƽﶼûҪͬ˭λ֪Լ䶼ãҲãֻ̫ӣ̫ӵǻˣܿɢүӾˡ

˼ˣ̫ӡ䲻Ҳ̫ҪԸ磬ĸ߸ܻ䣬ˣͷʢضɱɱֻҵ˶ƣ¿˵֤ȷ䡣

֪ϢʱҲģ¾͵÷̫ˣϸûе磬˭֪վˡ

һ̫ӣֿһ̫ӵˣֻһֱûз֣ڻʼңҪԱҲС

ظʣ̫ݶʮ˵仰ʱ򣬾ЩˣȻԼ˵ڻʵУ϶̫ӡ

̫ϵԩƽʮ׽Ҳʮ˵ܲĻ˸ھƺԲ˵˵ѣĲҲãΪθá

ʮӺݺݿ̫ӵ̫ӸΪ˵ϹҺʱ˵Ļ֪书Ÿ磬ĲɱȲĸ磬ʣĸ߸֤Ҿû˵Ļ

ֵ̫ĵܳ΢ŵֵܶˣûʸ̳дͳǱʲôĲ书ƺֻһĵܺߵȻ֪

̫Ӹ硣ʮᣬʣĸ߸֪ܾҵڣֻǰǣвͬһɵ̫ˣ

һϵʣлҪ˵

ʵ̾һȣ˵

ɱ𣬵ôգʼղýǣԽԽ㣬ʵڲãµΪֹ׷ʵڲԸֵ㣬ȻҪɱԼպעǡ
ף·չѾӮˣǾӮøƯһ㡣

ʵһ̾ӸвͬˡȻô˵ˣ͵ΪֹɣǷǶۣжᡣ
Խ̫г֮ͳͳȣʮڼұ˼¡
ˣȥնˡ

̫סˣʵû뵽¾ˣܾòӦȴٶ˵һ仰

ʣʮʵʣҪּ

˵

ʮĨһ᣺δڣܳ븸ʷ⿪һأԶ붼ǣ̤ʹ

ټڶǴȥȴĲǺӣǵͷĻȪ·ǿס֪ᷢʲôɴԶǷ֮أɢү

ʵ۳˼Ƭ̵׼࣡
ȥɡ

̫г巵ͳ̲ɶҲ˳ȥ

ʮߣʮܣûдɱҡ

ʮһ̫˭ţָΣλȥɣ˭Ӯ˭䶼ûйϵˡ˵ת뿪

ȿΣֿʮ뿪ķüⳡ֮뿪ʮ̫ˣˣˡ

Ȼʮȥص·ϣͻˣɥ¶Ȼ̫Ϊӣ顣

£̫Ԫˣܶ೯׷׵վһߣȲҷݣ͸ʵ˼С

˻ƣʵ۾ܾˡ

ԭӿĳãһʱҲ

̫Ͻӹ̫̫ӣȺһͷۣû̫ʱˣڣʱŰèȥУҲ͵͵ᣬŵܻʱʱдգĲ١

ԺбŰèĹһԹսһƬЦ

аʱˡ

ῴһϴҾܾ󣬴жʱûˣôˣ
ɡ

使˻ӣ﷢ᣬЩȻ
սʳУҲѽ

£Ҷ㡣

ļܵŻӾȥ񣬴ӦüˣλĹ

使Ͳ̫ϲĽ㣬˸к

使ʳУýĲʱҪǣ˭֪ŻһۿʳʵشʳʲôóԵģ

㣬ҴʳˣҲʵ

使æҡͷûУûУ·ЩҪûظġ

û˵꣬èʹĻǷ使ʳУĸһء

èһͳ߹ȥèǸСè㣬ҵèʳУһȥ㡣
䣬ͼİè鴤£һðѪ




69.  ʮ ָʹ   ġ


񾪽һ, Żæߣ̽̽èıϢˡ

˵Ŀ⿴使ĹҸվ;ܲȻ使ķһ, ˵ô£

使ֱȥ, ң, Ҹ˵Ҫûظġ

èп޵ģжĸ㣬Ҫûȥ˭ԣ

使һæӵһ, ҳԣҳԡ
㿴ҳԾû£ûѽ

᲻üͷ, ߹ȥǿèԹĸ, ĸ㣬ʵ, ʵǻ, ǲǲһǲֻаèԹһж

ǣ, Щ㶼û⡣˵Ҫĸ㡣

ˣһ, ̴ܽܶɱһ£ȱľ
뾩׸˹Żӵİè, ôȥ˵

ǣ

ῴ使ƲԳԷƣ˸˵Ҫظͷһڶһͬ·˵㲻øҵģ˭ţ
ĹŻӶڣǳⶾ˰ɡ

ŻӵôĵӣмԴҶ

使Ѿŵöˣ˵ڵأãã治ңŻ治µĶǡǡ

ǲָʹ˭ôģ

使ֹ˵

㣬֪֪Լ˭ôģǲǶ

ǲǣĸס使ֱҡͷǡҲ˵Ҳܡ

ãǾ͵Ⱦ׸ȥúʱǡ˵꿴һǰèʱСһﻹ飬ܶůЩܡ

Żһһĺ󱳣񣬱ˣ취һֻè

ҲǱİèˣһֻ޵滨꣬Ż۵òУһӸᡣ

ߵ̫׸ôȥߡ

䣬ͨ˵׸ˡ 

׸һԺ龰Ż§һŮӣŮӻбֻ۾ѪİèĹվһǴ򷭵ĸ㡣

ǰŵŮӡ

İ참һ۾Ϳô£ͨļ£Ѵһͷˡ
ŵ£Ĺ

Ĺ׸ˣ使㻹ʵ

使˹ٸˣǲ˵һ仰£ãû㣬ùٸ뿪ҵ˵

ǰգҲǲˣûЩѪԵġ

ʲôͶ˵Զһϵ

תȥֻȴŻ

Ǳܵ󣬰èһ̣͵һʱȥˡ
ԴϴԾͥٳ֮ȾƸһ飬ʲô£˵벻˹ҲعſڵĽʱͨ

׸һˣ֪֮¼򵥲ˣ£΢ŮӴʡ

ãһӣĳ͵使Ĳ˵

使ݴܣ߶µǡǡͻȻת߿񣬡ãҿǵ׽㣬һ

᲻ΪΪҪһ㣬ָʹ㺦𣿡

𳤽使һͷ˵ϣٲ˵һصľԴ

使Ѿŵᣬһҧ

ﾪᶼѾˣԾͥ޹ϸʲô

׸Ѿò˵ˣһüͷɱĽ𣬡ָʹģ˵һ

ˣ使ҲǰգͻȻ빬˵֪һҹúܲãֻҪҰ£͸ұҽһź£Ȼһҩ˵ԳԿͷ
һʼǾܾģ˵ҩԲˣҪԳԿͷ˵ҩ󣬲ᱻ˷ж£Ҳš
˵ҷڸҪиͷһֻҪһ˾У˵ֻôһҩ

ǹģ˵Բ㻹ѽ˵ᱻ˷Ҳţ˵Ӧ£͸ˣΪģ̫˽ˣ֮ǰڹﶼͱˣֻǳԳԿͷ

ȵ׸ˣʵ۲ñôдɡ使ȥд¹ǩֻѺ

׸һͷϵĺǱ΢΢ۡ

ȻԸȥϵأ˺ӻȱ֣븸ʣȥΣ
˺Զ붼ǣ˺ӽزԶ޶˵Ǹ£ˣ۹ٽףҲ֪ûٻΪٵĿˡ
룬ĸֵ֧̫ӣͷʢ¾ָȨռ̳дͳҪҪˣվǱվѽ

΢ֻöһˡ

׸˰使ȥŮ򷭵ĸɨɾ

Żӵ磬ȴˡ

Ĺ֪Ǹ׸᲻úдۣھȥ߸ʡ

˶ˣȽᣬԲ𣬽Ǻ£ҺýҶڣҺðèʳС

ʵ´ô£

ߣֻ·һеĺ⣬Ϊη䴫ţǸѵĺݽɫֻǲһġ

ĸ첲½ջȥæ³ô

Цеĺ˲ûˣ£Ϊ򻹲֪³ء

ҵȻᣬĹ𻨸ɺóأֻû¹𻨽ˣԡ˵㰮ѧ˼Ĳˣ㳢һ

ȵһ

¿ɾ˺ˣԴȴûȥôһ˵в˵ĻǺģĻæþߣʲô

ֲҲģأǣ˳

ѾԸһ̨棬ϴõ«𵶾ҪУȶΣգ

ЦſѽҪг˿ϸ֡

ȵͷ˿ôϸ

ҲءűȻһ£ôϸͺá

Ҳˣв˶˵Сһܿкһ˿

ùһܲһҲг˿Ҫ˿

֡

еĻ죬ͽкõ˿ŽˮһȻ̳һԵóһС֭

֮ļˣҲвˣףܿ˼ˡ

峴塢«񡢰˿Ϻʡ⳴Ƭټ˿

ΪԼĲˣﱻжģҽҪЩȫꡣ

Ц̫ˣÿ㶼һЩĸϲԣҾͶ

ץס֣Ҫ̫ˣ˫ҵ٣Сס֣Լϣҵġ

ⳡʶȤΧź˶£˷ţԼվ͵Ц




70.  ʮ ŵ   þ֪


Ц, һֻҲϣ˫ţѽ, ڹ߻˵Щ, ׵ʱҵǲ֪Ļ

Ӱ𣿰ҽͶ˵Щ, ǰ·ʱƹĽ˼鰮Ļӣҿ˿ĺö໰, ֪㰮˵ĺ档

֣죬ԭЩѧģһԼ˵ģ

Ųѧ, ᲻, æ͵˵ĶĻ, ҵǱ˼䣬û˵ء

㵹˵

ɤӵɽ, ˮΪߣѩ, غ, ˸

ǹģأ

ɽľľ֦þ֪

ŵЩ˸С

ʵᣬҵ, ֪ǲ֪

ʲôģ㶼û˵ô֪ЦżһƬŽȵС

ȵҶ˵ÿ仰ҵģᡭ

ȱ˵ȳԷų극Ǻú˵
С½ҹںδ

һ̵ֻҪһظҪҹҹ㷿С

š˿Ž»ԷʲôĲó𣿡

ôᡣȰÿ˶нУڳóԣóԡ

ùźóƺõ·
£Ҹ·㿴ϲʣʣٸġ

㻹Ϊ·
СǸԽԽľϲԽԽŲ£벻ˡ

ǰ״·ĸģޣΪ·

Ƚӹ·ϣʣʣҺϲ˫֣ᣬҵȷһ仰û˵ʵҲ˵Ҳ֪ⳡλĲУܲʤ˵Ļһտڵĳŵ
˵һỤȫᱣ㣬˵Ҫߣ˵㡣ЩֻҪһžһ
ᣬ֪ǣȴֻͬ˿׷һ̫ҡ

˵ˣס죬֪ˡɽľľ֦þ֪
˵ĺǹ⣬ż⣬һ촽

ᡭƺʲôõ˲䱬ˣǰУǡ

ԵᣬСģҪǰڽԼ壬ȴֺ̫

ͷƷڴϣᣣḧķ˿Ӱɡ

һҹ࣬㣬󣬳˯ȥ

ڶ컹ûߵš

뵽ղϳӣʵǻÿһ糯һҲֻʮңӦò糯ġ

´ſ˸죬СЩûѡ

ʱ׵ڶҹһ磬ԼҲߵţʱȻɫȽղǺɫ
£١

׼·ͳܡȹϷţСĻصϣ˯ûᣬ͵͵һգ㣬ϸϸ˰Σĵҵôôء

̲ס͵촽ᡰһ˲Դ˹ӣû˶

Ȳ͵Ц治ߣݲ룬ŵسš

ûߵ巵ȷԸȥѾŲ³ʲô¡

߽巵ֻĹڻʵ˵ʲô

ȻϣѾͷǸӣȻȽ˵׵⣬ηʳ
ȻôļǾղײհɣ˺ˣӦܵͷ

һˣ˵ʣپ׸ڵоŸҲڣ̫ˣиֲ̣ô죬ǸڸҲˣȥĶ˸ϲѽʾǲںᣬҲںĲ𣿡

ʵۿһվǰȵȣ˵˵ô£

񣬡ʣ˵û¡

˵¸Σüһ㶼͵ɱ֮ͬȴʱĴΪûʵ࿴ȴˡ
൱ӣѾɱ˼ˣ£պȻҲгڸжţټһˣҲѷΪȻôϲٽ޸ˣŹʾõԸɡ
ʧһ£ԾͥǸƫִˣǸƫִˣһ𣬻ĥͺãܰ˼ˣĥĥʹ࣬ǺúŰɡ
ûôྫԸһصһг䶨ˣһһ㡣

ʣΪúٽͻɡ

Ĺеƣ֪ڸʲôѵǳôҪͻˣ

ʵ۵ȣͻ֮ʹԾͥˣȷ˵Ը

ȲŲæϽ۳ҽԾͥΪ˰ĽԾͥʵɲŮò֮ϣǶദˣٽϲҲܸõϼڻҡ
һ仰˵˻ʵ۵ͷϣ˼žС̫ͨ£



һ߽ȹżҲѽ⼸㸸ûʲôθڣ˳Ƥɽ髿θҲһֿһĹҲһ

˵ţùŮʳе˳ó룬Ҫʵ۵ȲųԣȸսΪϼҵӺηƴͻ飬к뷨

һȣղŻΪʲôأѲɾ𣿼ȻģȻĵɣҲ˵ܶࡣ

£ǰջʺ˵Ծͥã檾ôºܺá
ᱻȥ£ڹʹˣΪĸȻҪȥһߡ

ʱﻹֹĶԾͥδ˰ɣȻ̫ܰˣôûǴ֮ӣ̡
ʺ˵˵ž˵Ծͥ˵η˵Ծͥã˵֪ʲôʱּͻأ˭֪ûڣȵȿ˿ڣȻ֪﾿δ㣬ֻˡ

ʵһЦˣ

ʺ׿˵

úãȻ˾ͳȫ˰ɡƽּ

ּܿãѾùŮʢ뿪θʵ۳һڵȣηҪȴȫǣΪΣ

ȵʣ˽ģôǲ˺ᣬһʼΪԾͥŶ᲻˵̫С֪ͬɻ»Ǵ֮ʹѾ͹ǶԭԾɽ¹̵Ȼٽϡ
˵ǰնͣҩ˳ܿͻкϢˣոΪôͻ飬Ӧòٺ˼ˡ

ʵ۴Цѽ̫Ӻĸɻһֱûãлϲѽ

Ҳ˵ҵĸء

ҲиСֶء

巵鷿һƬ͡

죬ͻʥּȺ¹ͽηȻģԾͥزʧǰԼڷҹˡ

使Ҳз˳ȴ֪Ϊ˫ۣϹӿҪ޸ɾԸˡΪָʹԼȴʲô鶼ûУ˻飬ԼȴϹӣٲʣƾҲֻš
쿪ʼ使ԼҲûгĸš




71.  ʮһ    ǽҪټˡ


֪ºﻹЩѹ, ȥ˺شΪ使һ۾
˭֪使Ϊģúش￴
ش, ʹ, Ŵ۾Ҳû취ҽˡ

λظеľ, ﻹа㸸ʱˣӶϷվԺеԼ
ĸǰͷѾȫˣ²ࡣ

вܣˡϷޱ顣

˵ĸ, ûǴšϾĵطֲζ

使ɻ⣿Ϸʵ

ŮҼ޸ѵȼ޸𣿡ЦЦ, ڻ˭˸˵Ĳǣ

Ϸ̾һ, ȷʵû˸˵ǣѽ, ʱûжӯ, ٻ֪֪ۡԼصģЩǴĲ, ǶԼڴ, ҪĽ𣿡

Цһ£ЩûйϵˣѲĸЩʲô÷𣿳Ϊĸңȴûеõʲôô, ĸﲻ˰ɡ

Ϸ˵㣬ΪʲôԶҲܵѽ使۾ǹؼҵİɡ

ֻǿˣҲĸѵˣҪק𣿶ιʲô£ֹʲô£¶˵ˣȥͷּңҪ¾ͰҷˣŮԻա᲻׿֧ټĸۡʲôá 

Ϸ˻ģֻҪһ仰Ƿػҫˣܱã˵պ̳дͳֲּһһ仰¹̵游£üԶϮλкβɣ

ĸǵ£λ˵ʵǶԶǿ֮ģҲǲɣ֪ǶЩʲôƷУԲ˵ΪٺҪǴһЩH֮£Ϊգˡ˱˾Ͳĸ۲ȴ˽úܣָ츣𣬲ܡԼԶӣ볯Ϊʮа˾űˡ

쳣ѣá

ĸһ˸ЩԺúȺã£޹ˡ
˵꣬ȥ

һֱߵôʵֻҪڣع㰲ŸҲ¡
ѽֻҪضһҲҴ⡣

ЦЦЩ˲ֵãҲʺϣܻ£Ϊ˵£ҲôοŲ´漰գɽ𢲻ǶϷҲǧ̣֮Ѩˡ

ඥһֱӿصòƷ֪ƼȲӣʵ
ˡ

߰ɣȻճˣȥ䣬Щ
ԴɽбȳûŹմڸУ˵ŻĹʱʱ飬ײԼ䡣

ߵǰȵһʱ龰ЦʱġǾ

˭֪ŸҪž˺ᡣ

תͷȥֻԾͥվݣƣĿЩԹ
ϵǰٽҪʲô

ԾͥЦһ£ͻ飬Ҳ׼ˣֵõССʻοҹپɽսպգҪͬ˵仰㵨ǳ˼Դ£

ûһǰ

ῴ˿ܣѾаΧˣҲʲô
ϹҪ˵ʲôϴ

ᣬɷҴĵط

νɣʲô˵ôҪ˵ʲôԻ
ٲܳˣϴε££ɽеһжľô

ԾͥƽһӾͱŭˣҪȻҪ

Ҳ£Ҫҵÿû¡

һԲϣԾָͥ𣬲

ҡҡͷڵǺϣԾͥǰܶĮȴڴ֮ͥ£Լٽݣ֣Ѿ첻ʶˡ 

˴˰̯һС̯ϵ֬ˮۣŵΧն˽۷׷ס

γĽм䣬׼ͷⶼҲ޼ܼġ
ס֣

˵ࡣ

ϹӣǰǸƷҪ˵ʲôȥ˵ֽ𣬡ȥǴĶˣ׬ЩӲס

Ҫʲô

ЦЦھƷſţҲΪģ뿪ߡ

СƷˣſڡ

ԾͥĶ棬ͷеĽա
֪´ͻҺ

ͷ

ġԾͥ

Ĭ

ᣬԣԣѾˣôҪҵĻ£֪֪ں޲ɱ
ԾͥĿ¶׹⣬ʶ˶㡣

ҵĴҷҪ˻飬ȥ˱£һֱھܾ㣬ûйϵҪ͹ҡ

ԾͥͻȻ˹⣬ǰ㣬Ȼˣᣬԭˡǿɲѣ˵ģҳȥƽҵ磬Ըģشսֳ𣿡

ỺᶨҡҡͷС

ԾͥһӼˣҶ˱΢ˣ㣬ΪβӦ

ҲӦ㽫ҹɽģеֻռİңֻǵòִҵ޽㲻һϧ㶼Ҫɱˣ˵ʲôҪҵֳһֳİϧãôҪɱںˣ㿴Լİɣ˲ʣʲôûС

ᡣԾͥվϽ˳۾һգգ
ʧȥ㣬ռǲġԾͥ˵˵žͺβ

ҲվǽҪټˣúöİĽ㡣

תȥæǰᣬǻظɡ

ῴһ۶̾˿ðɡ

һѵ᲻һţô죬ظ·һģϴȡ

Сز֪ʲô£ûͷǰߡ

һۿȣæܵǰ¡

̧ͷȵһ˲ͻȻЦݡ

ĿĹǽճʲôĵ𣿸ղôһأϸš

Ҫ˵ϵûʲô使۾βˡ
ĸԾͥɲҪš

֪Ϊʲô˵֪Լӱ˵ȻĵԼòҪ죬ȥ󣬸ոȥҲҪ졣

ЩȻβþˣˡ

ᱧߣҴڣɢɢģһ¾Ͷɢˡ




72.  ʮ    Ϊˣ⡭


ĵķ¡ķǲһ, ˬ˳ʮʡ

þûĲˣſ˫ӭдķ硣

С, ȥȷٶ, һץһ§

, Ҳ¡ţ罫úԶԶ

۳ڿҰϣǸСһ㣬޼ɵػЦ, кš

ȿӣģСӿģʲô㣿

, ͿȻ, ŷ, ú⣬ܰȡ

ٶȽ, ͷգ, ˿̵顣

ȵͷĶͷ, ᣬү͵ߣĶҲ

һ콫͵, ѵ
£֪Ҷлڵĺ֪㣬ٶһ㣬ƺٶǲ֪ôЦֻԸ궼нգն㡣

ѾͣŤӣȱס

ɵϣģһȥѽǶһ𣬡Ȼرķ˿˼Ʈ˺ԶԶƣıԣвѵᣬΪеˣֻӮΨһɡ

Ϧ£ӳϵˣȾһʵĺɫף

˳ģѡԾͥͬ׵ӣ߽ȶϽ˶ǡ

ͽӵϢҫ˵Ǹ˻ǵģ֪ԼӶϲΪȢǹͻҳ׼ңѾϵҫˡ

Ծ֪ͥû취ı䣬ֻܴϲǿջЦ类Ūľżһ㣬óס
ϲϺȵ࣬ηƾɸڻ鷿һҹ

ԭֻǲϲηƾҪ˻ףͱᣬ˻һҲлתأһ۶룬ô˯һŴϡ

֪̫Ӵ˸Ů͸ԾͥһۿУңҹҹլ

η֪һԾͥأ˿ᣬ£ֵʵǰҲ£òˡηõĻ˵ȥˣҪ˼Լӣίֻд̡

ײãԾͥͶң˶ӵǲ෹ǲ⡣
ҹǰѾԻʫ֮ʱ˵٩Ҳ󷽳ϣһ㶼ܻ䡣

˶֪ԣηƾ˵ػţ˵뷽跨š

ҲǸͨ͸Ůˣں֮ǰҲ߻λԼҲ߻ӲεǿϣӲҪλ˵ˣʮһ£ͷ
ҲȰηƣŮС軵ˣִֵúܡ

ηƼ޸ԼϲˣΪöؿշĵزȴ˿˵
߻ãʱ˵Щ͹е̫ȴһζû

벻ͨΪʲô͸ԾͥҵǸ˻̫أ֮ǰڸǰ˵ô̫ӵĺûΪ̫Ķõġ

鲻ѵڽǷ裬ԲˤˤǣϷҲЩϲȰ˵ԾͥҪţϾޣԾͥȴ˵ĸײҪĶϱϲԸԳˣͺúźŰɡ
Ϸ˱ҭסһ仰˵

³ţƾٻԣȰԼˣֹֻ̫ռ֤ݼɣ̫жû

Ȼ˷Űգ̫Ӱвļ˶ڰϡ

ҹ֤͸ٺԺѧʿ
ֱɾڣд£糯ʱ

£ϳбࡣ

ۺ;ڵϳҪ̫ӡƾΪ͢ѡ˲ŵҪ;¹ؽɽϳȻ٣Ͳְ𣬰вŻľѡ̫Ӳ˷ȣẲԺ٣۸ĿԾͼԼе֮볯Ϊ٣Ϊӣ졣

̫վʣûЩ£ѧʿһֱԶݶ

ʵüͷ壬ۿ˿ùڿۣݸƽȥ̫ӿ

̫ӽӹڣһɵۣôôϸод״ţ㼸ʮˣܲ˵⼸ʮ˶˵Ѱɡ

һԿţʮ꺮࣬˸Щǣ˲ÿа񣬻֤ݰǰôܲ߿
Щ緢ľֻ˴ͷɿдżֱҪ̫ˡ

̫һӹ˵ϣ֪Щ£Щǵŷ״ǺԺٸ߽ܣû䡣

߽ǰһ£ǳۣ¹Ŀ
һ壬˲ɫӣֿܿ

֤ݾǸ߽ܸģ߽ȵˣӽ̫ӣڿƾУ͵Ծ£˵һ֤ݡ߽֮ʱҵȾݶһֱǵá
ҲӦ˹٣취ٸԭְٵǴλһչ츣ա

߽˫ϥأȡ¹ñ£˴οƿ̫в΢ԭϰľӣ̫ѡе˸Уֻֿ֪հ죬ºԲµĺ񰮣Բ΢ʦѧʿ콫Щ֤ݾڽʦ
ǹ١

ʵ̾һ̫ӣ㻹ʲôҪ˵

ָ̫Ÿ߽ܵ㲻Ը˵Ըô˵вأ

߽治ɫ̫жΣ΢޻˵ԸڳΪλҪ¹ñвȻԸжᣬֻסģ̫ѡеǼУȷʵûвϼߣıտڲԣЩ˽Ϊ٣ֻΪգҳʢݵ¡

㣡˵̫ڲ׹´ͷβǾ֣ȴɵ
ʣ͡

ûвȸ߽ܣѾ֪Ҫ͵Ծ棬ûʲôý͡
ʵվּ̫Ϊǰʺްݼڣ׼̫λѵʫ飬֣޶רȨ۵Ŀ޷ͣ͢ƾѡ֮ΪϷΪһ»ض;УʹɱΪʮാാȥ;У䰵ɱΪ̫ӺѰ֮⣬֮飬޷֮Ѿãֻĸòܾ֮ٹϢѣΪҵ磿̫λΪˣѺ£⡣

̫һ޺ʣʣˣڶĸ׵ķϣ˶ɣҲˡ

ʵһ֣ˣȥ

̫Ӿȥ̫ӴӲȡһʣǶʱĸָϵ壬𣿡
ʣʡ

ʵۺβתȥȺʧ˻֣ΣӲ߳

ƽɤӳ˳




73.  ʮ    仵ˡ


վ, þòܻʵû뵽̫ӻڽա
ƾſƾ֮ǲܹ̫ӵģΪ˸ǲ, ׸ʶǰʺĸ, ȻҲ֪ҪԸ̫Ӳס
û뵽Ѿ̫ӾǴɱˣҲѾ֪ʮǱݵ, ûʵԭû취̫ɱʮܰɡ

һּ⣬೯׹ʵ۷̫ӵԭʲô

һ˵ĿⶼϡȽߵ, 籨˳𣡡

ȴûһ˿Ц⣬̫ˣΪ˻λ, ʮ, ѡϣѪʲô

, ӦĿˣʮܡʮҲĿˡء

ȽŸ߸ϵ, ˼

һƾޱ䣬೯Ҫʸ˭֪л, ȲʱЩɳ, Ҫվӵĳл⡣

ܶ೯ƫ棬ʹϵ˭֪˷ųȥ, ˵ѾͷϾ˹ϵǣƾĳ谮ôܺͳϲ֮ǰһģ
ǣ˶²⣬嶨Ȼͬ˲죬֪˭ַų˶使Ϣ
һ͸˱֮ˡ

ŷģϣ÷ֺҲʡöΪԿ-Щʲô¡

̫ӱ֮ȸæˣʱ٣ÿ첻ֻܶҪȻظ§˯

ԽԽˣҹ˯ţɴͤ鿴һûһµţͤĴȼϣγӰ

ͻȻһ£ʶ̧ͷһۣȴܵŮˡ

ҪתͻȻ˴ס
ᡭҺ㡣

ЦһˣڸУ㻹˵ңҸôأ

ôСȱȻţȻŽͲ㣬ߵͰ

ͷȱϵ˫ۣǲˣطϢɡ

Уҿţһ㣬Ͳˣ컹糯ء

û뵽̫Ӻ󣬵»ô£ǻǶûʱˣ졣

ҧһĶ䣬ɵϣڵҲиʽҪκһҪ飬಻ƴǣ̫Ӵ䵽ҵͷϣȻæһЩһǸλãкܶҷֵˡ

ֹţǻҪꡣ

˵ʲô

ûûʲô˵кܳһʱ䶼ʱˡ
ǰһŴʵ۲أǵǻҲ֮Ѱѽ֪м᲻鷢

ᣬƽǲЩġ

ͷе㡣

ͻȻᱧһæסĲ
ȻôģǾЩӣҵСӾСһˡ

һ·ȥ¿˵ջҪ糯𣿡

üߣộⶼˣһʱѾ˯ҳ㻹ûѡ

˷ϴᣣȡķһߣȥ£⿪˵ϵָһ촽ôտң

ǣȵؿ̽ȥָȵƤһ飬ᣬ仵ˡ

벻ģһ֪ˡ
ǰЦһ¡

ȥɴ˫סȵĲǰҧһ촽ǳͷôûҵĳͷ

û˵ȻŨŨĿһֽסĺףһֽ§סⴽݲƣҪԼռк£һʰ

֪˶ã۵ó˯ȥʱ߿տҲҲſһ¡ҹĲ໹Ŀǽ´ƬҲãֻϧڵ̫æµ

ϴԸ飬ǳȥߡ

ѾڸУʱˡ̫ӱϣԾͥҲݽ磬ҪԸѲԼҲĲ٣׼Էһ߻Ǹ

ڽϣҲûʲôģģôĿĵĹš

ԶԶ߹һŮӣһ£Ȼֱֱ
𿴼Ů߹Ҳһ¡


ŮӸ

ῴǲǸŮӣˣǣ

ĵ

ĵ̷ӦǸ˻ĵ¸ͷĵ
ĵѽÿ˵ƲԼԵһ糾Ůӣ¶˸ɾˬĸо

ĵһҿɷ˵仰
ͷʵĵġ

ֱ߲ݣһǡ

ĵȻûȴİ˵Ҳɣ̫ӱϺ󣬵¸ҺöӣȥѾ޸ĸȥأ

᲻֪˵ЩʲôоĵеĽͲᡣ

֪ɣί̫ǵģұ̫͵͵Ϊ˵ĸԸΪʧ̫ӣ̫ӻģԾͥ͵߶ƣ̫ӱϣȴҪߣҲǲԸ⣬ֻ᲻áĵ˵˵оˮô̫꣬΢ˣ΢һҲ˱΢ȥȱߣǽǡᣬ֪þͺЩ˵̫̫ίˡ

ôûһŮʾãûһŮӿᶼԼû˿Ҳûʾãͳͳ⣬֪ĻҲûС

ϸϸĵ˵ĻĵԷ飬ֻôһ룬ĵΪ̫̫ܻ࣬࣬رʲôأֻǮơ

ûб˼ֻ£ڸŮɡ

Լ߷ŸĽŮˣûôȣĵû˵Ľ֮䶼ǰĽ֮⡣
ĵﳤɲصΪ澣ί̫ӲΪ֪ŵ¸ǮԼСҲܺã˾͸ˡ

ˣ貵ǹ⣬ҲˣҲֻڸźںժѾͷҲԸ⡣ĵ˵У˵Уĵ׻ǲԸ⡣

ĵһֱΪ£˵ӣȻҪõµ˼ͬ˵ûá
֪ĵ˵ˣֻξ

ںȻҪ˼

ЦеѾ߼ҶһϲȫһŮҴӲʡĵﲻҵ˼µ˼ҵ˼
ĵ븮ʵ˼һ򲻹Щ飬ֻһͨŮžͺãõ

ĵ븮֮ͬ飬˵ȷںĵģĵΪô£ûʲôֵҪô˵ʵĻ
ͬĵ˸ѲҪһ

֮£ﲻʹˡ




74.  ʮ ɵ   СԴ˼ҡ


ûٹ, Сݳͻ˸

պȻ˸ڹµС߹ȥ, ž, ԾһûϣЦŽľ, Щ졣

˹תͷȻˣҪȰסļ, ϢһɣҲˡ
˵Űѱ̺ϣǰˣûסһ, , Խˡ

Ϳˣá˲ӡ

һһĺ, Ǻź˯ĳ
򸸻ʽ飬ĺܶ½ĸ;ŵ, ԺӦжһЩʱˡ

Ļӣֻ֪ŻӶԵԴĻ֮ǰ̫һӵ, ǶΪ˶һЩô, ǲҪˡ֪һ綼Ѿˣкմһϵˣ˶ˣвõ·

ͬҪ, ʱǳ棬Ҳ׽ĸ͸ǽӴ٣Ρȶ˶٣ĸȢŮǰһֱӼ̬ȣֻǷһ飬֧̫ӣŰ̫һЩ޹ؽҪ¡

ͷ֪зִ磬˵̫ӱϣǱ³ٳûвȡ

޷ңֻҪϻλ֮ƴҾͺá˵ʵҪǾŵ⣬ҵΪҾͿԴĴ棬áһһͷ

뻹ʵϼֵ֧̫ӣڡ

ȹһıӣģϼһֱĵĶǻʵۣΪ̫ͳǲ֧֣ϽУĵֻӣֻҪǴˣӦöͬҹȥٸҶһָͷʮ˺ҼҪҪ

ͷŵϵԾͥ£˵ˣԾͥ˸Ϊ谮ңؽϽҲû취
ѽִΪΣ޸ˣǶؿշҲʳˡ

ͻȻᣬĻΣ

ΪͻȻĻӣΪڳϲǰ𣿡

ЦЦСӻʲô֪

ҼǵʱȥԾͥʱΣûô˵ҿĻΪأĵزԾͥܣǸˣǲ֪ΪΣƺкܶһʹЦҲŵ

ʵ̫ӱϺԾȣ˵Ը֧ϣ˻λܸɸԶ붼ǵĲ£һҲٻضǡ
ô졣
˵룬ϣʱֵǰֹͺá

ΪǷž֮ԭ򣬺£ʼ˵ڣ֪˵Ҳ˵Ϊʲ֧֣
ĸҲǸˡ

һ˵ĵǰ˸ˡ

ϵˣĵ˵ĵ̫ˡѾˣһӣˣӦѾ˳ǡ

ˣ

ˡ

ΪЦ

ɵϣΪһû֮ǰҾˣֻһֱߣҪ˻£ȥԾͥһֱ뱨֮¹ҸǷʲôˣߣ˭֪ˣҪ̫ߣҴ̽Ϣ͵Ƶ¡˵͵ƣΪ˷̫ӵĹؼ֤ݣҲΪʮˡӦлЩ˼ҲģȻҪߣҸ㹻һˣԸ⣬ԼҲǺܺõġ

Դ£㾿˶Ҳ֪һ

ܶ٣ûйϵ㣬ЩҶԶİˡһĶͷСԴǲǺ˼ˣ

ûСͷŵľùѣˣҺ𣿡

ָһָԼգһ£Ҿͽ㡣

὿һۣȵա

ָָԼ촽

ῴ˿ܣԶվŮأЩߡ

ȼӹҲô⿪Ŷ

̫ˡԼĥͲĥ
˵žҪվ˭֪ȰУȻȥ

ֲ˵ϣӱȽססĺ󱳣ϸϸƷĴ꣬鱸

β뿪ķӽ˵һҾ˳ͷ㡣
ָָϣ㿴Ϊ㶼ˡ

ȼᣬϸŶ
ָ䣬Ÿ
Ѿ׺õľŸùѧȵӽֻȡһ

ôν⿪ģ̽ҡ
ҿǲ̵Ŷ

죬ڷļҵԶǴլϣ޵㸮ϣԴöȶģ˵ÿ΢ٺ»Ҿˡ

ɵϡеһжģҵľġ

һůˣҲóʲôģû㡣

СȴӻͳһڹЩϺõҹӡڷϣһֱǵóһգӳĵӡҪҵıǣһֱ

һ·٣ȡƣɵĻһ˿죬Щ˼һʵе㲻ס

ϲ𣿡ʵ

ͷ½ϣһһֱúñܡ

ӵڻУž߰Ū˵㿴һѣڶҲѣڵҪȰѵһϣͻƣھŸʱ򣬵ڰ˸ϵģʱȥϵһ֮ǰķֱǰ߸ֱѵڰ˸ȡ£߸ϵġ

ȡһľݸᣬҸղŵķͿȡŸˡ

ù֮ǰķŪţô˵ҲǺѣԭȡ¾Ҫѧǰ

ŸȡûٶȰѾŸϸᣬ֪ȡϣǲǾһҲˣ

ùְŪһᣬȻŽУ㣬ȻһҲˣҲ治ʲôˡ

ùίԭҵǸϲɵģӻ᲻һҲҲˣ

ЦôһСˣҪ˵ϲ£ҿһֱû֪ᷳͬ˱Ȥˡ
һȵգ˭˵˾ͻᱻˣҵķôϲģϰʮҿҲϲ

Ҳ߻˵ЩˡȳĸһԺ󣬽˴Լϲ

ļ΢紵ǵü۷˿մȾ˿˿




75.  ʮ    ˭˺㡣


ʢʱ, һ׮£һʱ֮Ϊ˶ǴС෹̸ʣ˵޲, βٽʼ, Ǳñӡ

˵ڽĻĵϷһŮӵʬ壬һض, Ҫ˽˷ڣԾ
ŮӲˣԾͥ, Ҳ֪д˭ġ

ٸͨԾͥʱҪլ⼸ս̳Ѿкüûȥլ, Ϣ, ˶ˡ

Ϣĺܿ죬ͨĹ, Ѿ÷зЩ춹춹ҲõϢ, 춹Ҳˣһ·ܵ

ˣ

ǰ, Ū, ͼ鼱ҴҸ˹
»ţ˫ᰴңȻֹ

Ϲӵˣڽֵⷢģ˵Ҫ˽, Էԣұضˡ

һʱס䲻֪٣ⳡôϤһ䣬Լǰ

飬ȥ

⴩һ£ȥſڵæȥ

ϵʱԾͥҿ޵˺ѷΣվһޱ飬ӻӡ

ǰߣŮӵӳʱһŮݾȻֺԼƣټϴŵζԼڷʱӣէһȷ߰˷ˡ

Ծͥһţ䵽˵ϣһ䵽űߣʶϤľͼʱ̲촽ףɫࡣ
ԧ֦
Ե룬Ȩǿ
˼շתߣ
ܳأԸ档
ҹ룬ｼ
СŮԹڣ

ǰʱּԾͥеŮӣǿԼð亹ֽűֽŴл䣬ֽŵ۴ű߼̧ͷһ˲һŮӺмƣΪʲôѪҪѯʣȴСϵ˵ʲô뿪

᲻ԾǰԾͥ۾һ̲ĿŮӣҲһŮӡ

ôٵĶ¡ԾͥͣŮӵӣҲҸοôҲôѣ

ĿԾ̧ͥɨᣬ̧һüһЦɭĿ⿴Ծͥ˭Ҫ㣬³

СӲլţôҪ˽ӦòµݶŮˡῴԾͥıҲóж

ηЦѽΣȥ;׸˵ѽȥ͸˵ѽҪͱᣬҲҽ㣬һŮӣһΣ

⻰Сʵôˣ

ͷŹҰɣҶû˿ϲֻͺ¡

Ծ֮ͥ˵Щʲôһֶû
飬ظɡ

ʧ˻꣬ľګתȥһƬңһֱѰǰ˭Լˮ⡣
ɣַͬ˱ϡǸӣٱԾͥ챻֪

صˣ鶼ûȵűɪɪ

ղɭĿԺ֮ȥһֵԼ
ԼĿ־壬ãǻʵ۵Ůǳ͢Ź֮ҫԵĶϱݣʲô̶ûС

һ콫ԼڷˮδߵţҲһֱʮȻظ

ϸѯ˽յ£ϸϸһֲ佫¸֪

߰˷𣿡
ķΣױݶչӡ
˵Ļ
ǵģū׶ģ⻰ͲԾˡ

üǶȥɡ
ûߵţֱŶ룬룬СһǱŵˡ

һţͼű̺ӿڴߣ̧ͷˣӯڽվҲ̺ӻڵأһͶȵĻУ

ԣԡ
Ƚ§סı£ڣ˭˺㡣

ʲôû˵ƺʲôˣͷҲֻͣǸĻס

˫ΪȥᣬҵСǲһûԶˣʲô

ҡҡͷûθڣԡ

ϸҶˣԺ춹ˣѾˣҳһòã

죬һֱŮӵӣңŮȥģ̫˺ˡ

ºͬʱӿΪԼˣŮӦòΪԾͥңҲͲᱻ

ôͱ㿪ʼҾͲˡκθʶݳ谮ʲôֻҪʵĵߣڸУЩСŮԵľٶĴŭʡ
ִֻ̫֣ԾͥƵøԶ¹ԾֻͥᣬӶڲϱȶԷһᱻԷĥҲЩʲôܵõҪĽ

ͷ˵ʲôŵģ۶຦£ֻҪ˵һ£ܰĺܶࡣ
Űɡ

ȸ˵غ׼ţ

һ꣬ԾͥҲŮӵķǰһҹ˺һ޹Ůӣе޷ηƣԼɱǹϼҼٿˣΪԼһʱʧʵ벻ͨԼɽȢİˣȢ˸ԼŮӣһͨŮӶסúɱ

һɡͷ̧ۿȥĵ¡

ԶԾͥ㻹Ǹʶ緢־ҪѪж𣿻Ǹ۳ҽҪһٽ𣿡
ְɣɣһ벻ǣ޹ˣСְɣ֪޷ᣬǰһ˳ռУףԼ˵ģ˸ˣҸѵ𣿡

ԾͥһѴɡãΪʲôЭңΪʲôҲǱףǸƾʲôףˣĵ£ˣľͿÿһϲˣǲϲѣǷУҺ㲻һ

Եʵǲ̣᲻̵ĲܣţǼ㲻ȥȥͷˣ

ԾͥЦˣ㣬̫ӱˣǲҲΪȻҸ㣬ֻҪڣ룡֮޲죬ûûң

ˮ˵·͸ԿŽİԾͥзʹ̫ǸѪˡ
֮ǰᣬ㺦ᣬѵûѣ˵ȢܸõǻúҸǸ˵ģܸѵ𣿡

Ծͥ˲䣺˭˵ϣҸˣҵòģɻˣҲõλǻж߻ٲöްˣĵ㣬˭ȣ




76.  ʮ ˽   ˵Ϊ˼ҹ塭


˵ʲôҪʲôһ㵡

Ҳ¸, Ѿҹˣ㵱ΪŷԸƳ, һֱŷĶްŵ, ҲΪȶ, ôĵҪҪһֶ֧ϼұȨգ֧˭˭
ĵ£ȶǻҾ˵˵û, 뻹Σ

Բ˼ؿԾͥ治ĻҲ˵óڣϽһҳϣ֧̫ӲΪǱ׷̫ӣձ´λ, ϽȻ֧, ôϽ֪𣿡

ԾͥĨһϵˮ, ظȻ׶ձµ˼, Ҳˣ˵»ᴫλ˭ľŻӻƽӹ߻ӣֻǳ΢ĵ㣿ֻǶ, , һøҲֶ֧ġ

һԾͥϺˮͣĴ򣬺ħһγ, Ծͥ㲻϶˵ʹ˶λ˼Ҳ˵ģ˵ıԲƷУȵ

ԾͥЦʲôνҪֻ֮أ

һ׵֪ԾͥıõĳɱˣѾ֪Ǹٽˡ
վóһذף˳һǣһԵɡԾִͥˣİ֮Ժ󣬴һ̿ʼͲԵĺѣҸ۶壬յ಻顣

ͷҲصȥȰ˵Ļ˵ˣһִ̫ѣԼףԾͥ˵̫԰ףʲôöûС

ȳԵһεţڴ峿£ǰ̧ۿűɵװվͷ˼Ƭ̨̣ס

˯ȣЩۣʱȳ̫ӵҪһ˳ȷʵæµЩ˴¾ȵΡ

һ۸ճţͼ˹¡

˿ºò˯ȾȱˣǰԺԺϴ󼴿ȥ

ǡ

߽ĽŲſڿȥΪȣȴ뿴ᴩŵɫȹ˽
õˣҹ˯̫⼸̫ͣûվڸŰɣʱӦûѡ˵Σϲȣֻϲһ飿

ԿһݣҸᣬ΢ǣЩЩο
˵һỰͺá

ƷһϵĲˮԵعﻹǲǵóϲǰҹҪ뿪Ľˣֻ֪ǺΡ
ʵҲ˽ģҪߵĵطǰһСլӣҲֻԼ֪˭ҲҲĵط

үƫȻңΪռУÿԼϲҸи̹

ЦʱΪԼҪ޸һ֮ȥᣬµòˣҵĵ°æҺûʲô˽ԸΪðգмʹΪͬԾͥĽңҲǵݶ顣

ֻϧԾͥ̾Ϣҡͷ

˵ˣȥˡҲһڲ衣

˵ЩҳȾ˽̸ʾȨһ㽫ӵУĸʲôʱģ

Կ§ӣЦο˺һˣһҲþõȡ

Щʲôôģᡣ

ЩĵȤ£ҪҪĺܺЦʵش

ɫãԭϲЩѽҲ㽲ЩȤ¸

ͷǵȻ

ԵܣҽҪͬ˵㵥̸̸
ɲǿġ

һ̵ȷԸ׼ţġ
ʱˣ˻š

ϻɫĸ绹ǵһҸۡɣضȻҪҪ˵

ȷ֪ܿ˵Ծͥˡ

˵ˣѵ±ʲôҲ֪ģ˾裬Ͼ¹ᡣ

Ժһڲ裬СԾͥͶ

ȵ˻
Ƚ˵̫ӱҲǸ籨ˣȽ˵űһ룬Ҫ̫˲㣬˵⻰ʱеĺûмġ

ֻһֵܣԾͥͶĹϵ˵ʱԳȡҿްźͿʼ춫֮λˡԾͥԼ㣬һļϡ
һҹôΪ̫£̫ӱŰһֱߵųŵıʮܾǺ飬ЩΪ˼ǣӦ֧ȵġ

ЦĸЩҸм

ҡҡͷҲΪ㣬˵Ϊ˼ҹ壬ţ

ı飬֣صš
ĻӣһֱΪ˳΢֮⣬Ĳһ֣Ϊ̫£Ҳӣ߻Ӻʮ䱻̫£ʵĻӸ׽

Ƚ̾һУ˽ҲСǴ廹˽ģܣ㶼ѡ

ĸ˽ʲô

ҲЩδ֮£֪ģǻ󣬲ҪҺͺáԳЦЦ֮˼Ѿã֪ʶҲϲԴδἰ಻Ƿãٰüྴ˳ҳԹԼЭͣȥȴһ̶ˮʵڲԸˣ󣬲ôҷأ뿪ǣشɹҰװɡ

ȷǳȽãҾӦĸ˽ġ

лܡȽҾæסĸ첲Ҫлĸ£ֻ룬֪Ծ̫ͥɱİ׸θ룿

˵Ծ̫ͥƺģ޲ȡ

ǣ׿ڳϵģûκ֤ݣͬ˵ЩҲšȶ˶٣鸸ʴͻģԾͥҲ֮У磬ҲԼǸλõ·ǱѪ̾͵ġǣ˲ܱȫԼ֮˵˫մѪҲϧֻϣֻ·ЩҪΪ±Һ᲻ܹǰԵɡ

ԹĸϲմȾѪģ˵±ôңԶ£ⱲҪᣬҲҰеһɡЦȵļ

£ͶˡſŴ

˶һ۶Цȴ˵֪ˣϹȥ

յ֪˽Žž͵ĩȷæҲ˳ˣ಻ɫ˳з̫ӵˣ˶ŶԾͥɻǣĸѾ࣬һֱСĽȴûԾͥκζ

ƽһַԤС 




77.  ʮ    ʲô


ѽڸ, ͬһգƺⳤ֮, Ȼȡ

ʵҪյϰ̳, ֵѽڣ󳷵, 磬

⴩ΪƵۣվԺŻϴװᡣ

ǳһγ¡صĳ, еĻ׹ݹҶڽղ磬϶˶Сʮֺ棬ʱìܣҪ˶ҫ, СӲ

, ҪνߣֻԶ۲ҿ

Ųߵ, ƿͭǰװ, һҷɴȹӳյᡣ
һƼױ̨ϷŵǸһȦŶ, ֱ, ΧźŮÿ

ϸķϣ˵ҪһֱţĪڲƭҵģȻ¡أβҡɴ, ֧Ҳ١

Цôżǻûװأ
һȣôۣ̫ˣҲ̫򵥣ҵܴţŶЩˡ

ԴۣȾʱšȻϲҲ֪Լó´壬ƽˮ׼ʵڱȲøеĲ÷졣

һԴȤǰգ÷ʦ˵ڹУΪٷء

ȵڣ㿴ĥëˣȥ»һ¡͹ˣҪҹΪۣ

ץס˫֣ôưҹϲҲϲֻҪҶϲȻ˵ˣȥһ

ܿ컻һɫۣǸɫۡ

ῴӣЦҡͷǰס֣·ܺÿ

Ƚ֣߰ɡ

Ž⣬෱ߵĻʼҼº󣬾ͱɵ¶ʫ˿衢±̻л 

һ輧³ʵʵԲѽڣǶˣȴЩʲôпյúš

ڻʵԵĻʺױݾ£һ㶼鲻ãȻ̫ӸձʱЩʱգϾӣܿһˡ
ʺ󱾾Ǹͨ͸ˣ̫£ȻҪΪ̫Ӷȡ̫ӱϣҲûҪΪ˷̫ȥǻʵ۲á֪˭ǻΪĸֻ̫ûмУԽԽ飬ԽϲСˡ 
ѽѰռңͶѾˡ

һ仰ˣ׷Ժȿȥ

֪ԵĲף˵ʣҺȡøʱϻ

ãã

ȴվҲ˵Ҳȸһء

ηƣȳηƣһϻۣþֶε˻ʵ۳谮ֵһһŮֻû뵽һ˫Ůûһ߻ԣƽӹҲ֪֮ǣŮһִ綼ûУʵ۷˵ǻһʲô

ηȻϣãҲͬʱãϲϼϲȻηһۡ

ηƲ˵ˣһ۶ƵԾͥ˵ʲôȴû˵ڡ

ʵ۵塣

ȽҾ񣬡ʡ

ҲСˣܶˣҲˣĸҲûΪٳֻ£޵Ĺʧ

ʵۻ䣬ʺ͵ǳ檵Ĺʧֻǣһֱ׼øһҵŮӺʡ

ϵĵŮͺܺáʵ۴Цʵ䣬Ը⣿

һް߰׵ǰ´ͻ飬Ҳҡ

Ƚɫһ䣬ܿлʴͻ顣
һϮоȻصˣȴԼŮִҪ޸һλӣò֮λʱվ˵ʵ۵Ķ棬ʵ۵ǻΪ˱ȫңȨ˳һͷΣŮͻԼԻʵһ㶼ֲֳܱ

ˣҲˣε֪ܲã£ȴ͸Ϊʼҿ֦ɢҶ
Ȼʵ۴ͻһ׮صĻ£붫Եô೯͢سδ޵ŮΪ£һЩ

Ŷǿ˭ҵŮ

ʣ
Ӳδãкܶ๫Ҫʵûʲô

ʵ۹Ц㿴ȣżӣǳײż£Ũʱ򣬿Ұյʱ˵Ϊȳϲȵľˣݸֺͨ޲ͬ½Լɡ

ԵƫӸˣԾͥķһۡ

Ծͥһֱ俴ϵһУд㣬ڿڶһҸĿȵӣһʹ

һԾͥ˳ȴδ뿪

ͷȫǻϲΪھܾɲöŮĽϣǻʼңһһֻһ˵̫ѵá

ƹѲ֣ʵ;磬˿ʼƱྴƣ᳡ϺܿｻҲ˼Ů춼ǹƣʮϲľЩƵǵƵŮȴʱһƵϡ

Ůæˡūһ·ɡ

ʪʪģȷʵҲЩһ۱ΧסȣŻ·Ӧúܿ죬֪ҲУ߰ɡ

Ů᳡ԽԽԶͣס˽Ųǰм᷿ôҪԶ

Ī֣Ǽ᷿ѾˣǰڲԶ
ҲǣвμļҾĶ࣬᲻Ůǰߡ

һ᷿ʱѾĵطЩԶˣŮ᷿ѾõūȺ򡣡

Щƣ⹬ѵӦøźôһڷУ·һۣϲʽڷʱŵȹЩơ
ĴͳϻʹһҲһΣΪε飬ͨ׼ЩƽԱʱ֮裬ֻɺϰɡ

·ͷϵķһţȴűסˣһӻˣˣš

רŵһ㣬пŵű򿪵һ˲䣬һȥ
ԾͥҪʲô

Ծ̰ͥŹϣ

״ŶԾͥȵĲ𶯣ӿɲͨӣо綾һ¾ûˡ

ʲô

Ծͥͷʲôֻ£ҹ˼ȥ»ͦȤģҾر֪㾿жమȣΪʲôز

ѻ˵




78.  ʮ    ˼ˡ


ԾͥЦЦ, Ҳûʲô˵ģǵȱ»ʱ, ЩҪˡ

ʲô˼

Ծͥ, תһȦ, ĹТģԼ¹Ժ˼ժɹһõľĹֵĲҶ, Ĺֶʸº͸λӡ

ĹʲôϵԽԽͿ

ԾͥеӣشĻҶص᳡, ϵ˵泳Ҫͬ, Ϊ˵Цʲôᷢ

㾿Ҫʲô˵ԽԽš

Ծͥķ˿, ʱͻ֪, ֻҺ֪ܺ˺ô 

㱰޳ܣСоҲ룬룡ῪҪȥ

, ܿͻΪʲôûҡԾͥһ, Ǳ󱳷䡣

в첽᳡ȥߵ·ͿȼҴӭ
ŻˣȥﶼҪ, йϵ۸ӣͨĹҲţ˾ĸе˴ȥȹźá

˵ʲôȴֹԾͥƺ˵Щʲôƺʲôû˵θأֱһЩɣܲ³Ҫʲô

ղԾͥˣ˵һЩֻ

ͣס˽Ų˵ʲô

˵һĹʱдҪ˵ҵ˵泳ͬ룬ʲôᷢʵʵ˵

ҪʷҲǸող֪ôǰ֪ģҪʲôҪʲôüҪºܿԼģѵ÷ǸжźţѵҪɱԼǴɱʼ޻
Ĵ˿磬в˵ڹţҲ⣬ƹŽǰոǿĽ᳡⣬ǴɱɱҲԽ룬ҲԶ
ĪԾͥҪԶַŰ뵽ܡ

һͻˣܶİ𣿡

ҡҡͷҸ㲻ڽĳϹȻʹðô佫ԼҲᱩ¶Ƶ̬ͬھϣֻŻ㣬ͬҺˡ߰ɣȻ

˸ͼʵƽһ˶صԼİǰ

ʵЦŵСƬ̣ڰɾˣ

¡

ĹվʣԼ˼ҪҪֵĲҶգ

ʵ۹ЦѵТģɡ

һӹ澶Ų豭룬Ĺԡ

һǰʣò衣

ʵ۶һڵã޺ȹúȵĲˡ

￪ĵصлʿޣϲÿ춼ʺȡ

η죬һãбۿԾͥȴԾͥڶϣšԾͥһ¡

ԾͥȻһۣһĵطһŲŲ

㣡ηȴ˵ĳϣҪװ޶

ﰴջʺλӵ˳һһ裬Ļ׹ݺͳд󳼣ɹ澶˹ȥ

ܿ쵽ǰȾվ˹еĲ豭
ʱĶǺȻܣֽԾͥʲô

ͻȻһ£ʶתͷѾˣһСֽ򿪡

˲۾ֽŷ

ֽдţˮжһ˫񡣡

Ȼ̧ۿеĲ豭Ҫ̴򷭡
ãҵǳĲ裬û뵽ܺȵֵĲҶ

ῴȵЦ⣬һʶܴ򷭲ˮ

ˮº£ӺҲ¡ȥֹ޹ʴ򷭲ˮ֤ʵжܵǣľ

Ծͥһûᣬȳ书ǿеĳԴöȶСĽҲšգˮĹģɣ뵽ҪأҲѹû롣

ֽϵһ˫ԾͥѾźãὫ¼޻Ĺ²ɱĹҲǸŮĹϵȶĹڱǰΪ˵ûһ˫ 

Ծͥ˵ûҲǰɣĹǰڽ˵룬Ǿͷˣɨأ˷踾Ĺﻹ˼ֱ»ġ

С̣Ɑҿⵥģڲ豭˼Ǻء

⡢⻰һ˵ڣףȺȥж仰ĿڹԾͥǺֶΣ֪ͨĸΪص£ǹҲȺ²ˮͬʱ̱ɡ

ȴ򿪱ţ㡣

ᵽɤϣҪȲˮʱͻȻһѴжѾûбǵĲ豭

ܲôˣʱڣ뵽ֻôиõķȴ˼ˡ
豭ϣͻȻˮǾ綾ˣȻ᷺ĭ˶֪ˮжĹӿͽ䡣ͱһߣĹǷľ֮

Ȼ޷ַֹǵ˺Ɑˮѡ 
Ҳ볢һĹգĹ¸һưɡ̬ѡơѹøأһֱѰĹԲ֮ҹһƣ뿴Щ޷

˻ͷһؼڻʼ϶ԼвŮӣЩԾ²ǰʧ˭֪ԭֻǺˡ

ʵ۴Ц𣬵Ҳ̰ѽһɡ

ľƱƣЦŵᣬӵɰѵһ㾴Ҿƣʮֻϲͷоơ

ῴв豭һһգһڣװԣ죬ˮϡ

ıᣬЩȡ

ʵ۴Цȣò壬Ҳβذɡ

֧ڣɫʣĲˮˣ̷ĭæýŲ£ǰĭܿʧġ

һθȴҵʹȻǾ綾ոտ϶ˮȥˣͷ̷ȣѹſеѪȡ

лˡ

ղŻ˿ûȴͻȻ֪Լıɱ취Լ뿪

§ס᳡

Ἰǹϣžʹʹ죬ֻһ뷨һñ˿

᳡ȵͷῴȥۣ죬ͷð亹ᣬ㻹𣿡

ڻûгܵ£һҪ֡

ҡҡͷ˫ס죬£ˣ㱧ߣϿ

Ȳ֪ôˣȻЩϽᱧһ·ⱼȥ

ڹſڣȱƿӣȰᱧһ˲ҲֲסһѪ絽ȵ·ϡ

ᣬôˣȻ

ȻظѾ˵ԼжˣȻ嶯ۻ᳡¶֮ˣһͰ

ԼѶ趼ˣӦûв٣źشҽȻظˣͬ˵

һξͱסǳÿҲ




79.  ʮ Ź   Ǹŭġ


, ȥˣ˶ٲȾˣԾͥ˵žͺβ, û뵽ѡԼȫȺĹ֮
¶һ, ˣʱ, Լ˵кݻҲԼ˵òͻٵĺݻֻһ뷨Ҫ

, ûڵ嶯ȴȥԼβ

ỹѵģ, 

һ, ƿ׷ʲô, һࡣ

Ծͥһ, ̴ӻͳһҩҪͽץס󣬡Ҫʲô, ѻ˵

ſ, ھᡣ

Ҳ㣬ѻ˵

֣ҩҰɡ

֣Ծͥҩ, ᣬǽҩ˾ûˡ

ҩУԾͥСʶĴ磬УӢ¡û˵꣬³һںɫѪ

ᣬ˵ˣȰѽҩˡԾͥÿˡ

û뵽㻹ҽҩҾһΣһСʱŵĴ硣˵žͰҩȥ

ȽŵĿᣬֻͷʾģԼܺá

Ծͥ㿴˵ǽҩɣᣬںЩ𣿡

ûлش𣬶˵㲻˵ر֪ҾжమȣΪʲôز֪Ϲӿɵõ˴𰸣ӣˮǾ綾ǿڲûȥϣǲĲˮҾѾѪֹĺȥǵﻹܵȵϹӵĽҩ

ǲˮжϷӦɫ˲

£»ظͬ˵ֻϹΪҼ޸Ҫɱҽȷ㣬ˣҾ

ԾͥЦȴƿţҸΣСͰҾҪͬһҲҪԼңȴáСҶҲǺ޼ǣǣҿ¶ʱԼ㣬֪֪һìжܣ

е˶Ĭˣ͵Ŀ⿴ԾͥϹӣҩлл㡣
˶٣ŹԼɣǸѪսٽɡ֪㲻Ǹ񶾵ˣһֱǸΪıԼΪ赲ԶصӣȻ֪˭˭ҳٲʢֻһʱ벻ͨΪһʱ벻ͨ˵Ȼعһӵ¡
Ǹѵһս˲ţʱʱ㣬˵ȸд󽫷緶ͷԣԴ˼ˣҾʱԹԼǲΪңһĽųΪģҪİ޷ڳͷǣĥԼϣٱǸŭɣ׿ӡ

һֱȻУֱסں޲˺ԾͥΪᣬһֱĬ

ԾͥжǱҺûزشʱڣǲǾͲ˻飬뿪ҡ

˵ЩѾûˣϧǶλ䣬һԼͷˣȴ˸ĸֳȥ֮үûиȥǡ
ЩˣȵĻУƣر۾

ԾͥԺиֳһЩõӣ˻ֻ֣Ȼ֮С

ǰŮǸᣬԼȴɱס
ˣҲѳȥΣź޽ĶСػգǿսңҵԼʲôһУǸԼɱСᣬ˺ʲô

ƣ۵ᣬԾͥᣬú塣

ޣԶʧУվŲ

˵Ļһֱлص˵ûھ˳޵ٽսŷɥһֱ¹Ϊ߽ռƣƽҲһֱŬߣЩôء

ãӦԹޣϻ۵Թ˺ĲǶԷԼ˵ȴźһ飬ͷԲ£ںʱһԼˡ

Ծͥͬλһص˽ڷжһҹ

Ƚᱧȥش
ȻԾͥ˽ҩǲġ

Ѿ˯ˣƺ˯úܳشʱ޲

·ģжַ˽ҩֻҪռɡ

ô˯

Ӧǽҩа˯ãټϹ˺Щƣ²õġ

ֱһŵĲǷǶȥɡ

ź˶ˣȴϨԣӱ§סͷĲ֪ͺۿʵڲиһô졣

ãƽУİ֮˵ĽٺûڵȻ֮ȥǲԼ̫ˣԾͥ˵÷ʱʱᷢȴڶõθû뵽ˮ⡣

۾˵ţ֪˶ò˯

΢ŲһӣȾ;ˡ
תͬ棬ĿתؿԼأЦһ££ôңһ̾Ҫʧһ

һѽ§סᣬᣬˣ㲻ңΪʲô򷭲ˮΪʲôҪȥ

΢΢һЦĹж˹ˮһ˲˸ֽʧˣֽдţˮжһ˫Ҳ£ҲĹ£Ĺ϶ɱֳ

̾ڻʼңΪֵ֮ܲɱ£ҲһϻλģŮӣҽãշĿɳڻбȱȽǣֻҪҸĪеɣܳΪöɱҵĶҲ˺Լҿ϶òܣȻ취ҵԾͥҵ֤ݡ

Ҳ֤أ֪Ĺ߿϶˼ϸҵϸʱҲֻһʬ塣

һʱ޻Ҫ֮ѡһȻѡᣬҲɵϣǸʵŮô۰ôġ

̵ʱ䣬Ѿ侲˼ˣ¶취³뵽ð취£ҹװװװ񣿼Ȼ˽ֺοҪĹί

ԾͥҩûнҩأȺҲᣬɺǶҩңҲҺȣҵѵҹ¶ϻȥ

˾ӨֻǶúõġ

ɵϣȽ§סḧķ˿ĺ󱳣ûй㣬ֻ̫ˡ

ǸλǶ᲻ɣҪվ󼰵ĸ߶ȣ˭޷˺ֺһúɽ




80.  ڰʮ    һôˡ


ȽڵڶһŰݷý, Ծͥ˵Լأл͡
һͲ˺üգ֮ӧǰȥפر߽, Ͻࡣ

жһ, ֪

ʱڣںԺֵĽŨĹ, ˬڹС̧Ŀƣ˱, żмƮ䣬ǳ

⼸ղժ𻨣ڿЩ᲻ˡ

һ𻨰ͻȻһӰǰڵ˸ʵ

̧ۿȥ, Цôôظ

, Ծͥȥ߽ˡ

վȥˣֵͷ, ʶԾͥʺս

, 㴥̾һԾͥߺҲ˹ȥ, ֪ǻΡΪ, ֮ǸҵѷҲֲˡ

ԾͥԲԲƣԾͥԴ, ⱲӶ֪ΪŹףȵָŹǱ˵ˣԴˣ㶼ûʱúÿɡ

ָΣϿ

һüԱߵϣչ˸첲ָָԵλãᣬңôСݵˡ

᲻Ծǣĸ첲ϡ̧ͷȥԵĹڵţ߲͸Ҷ͹ҫʱƮĹ𻨺磬Ȳ۾

ͷȣͦıŨܵĽë΢̵ǣԺķɫ͵Ц

ͻȻһ΢紵иĹмҪȵϣæȥӡ

۾һץסתͷһûӵƮ䵽ϡ

˫ŵĹ𻨣ȵᣬϲĹ𣿡˵žͽԼԣҸһɡ

óССĺڶȥԹֻ֦תУӳȥѭ

𻨷׷״Ͽ׹£ɫСתȦһһƮ䣬̧ȥӰµĹ𻨴İ߲ģƺһ̺ܾˡ

ſ˫ۣ۾ԼܿϾ˹𻨣ʹŨࡣ

ϲ𣿡ջػڣֳͷᡣ

ϲ죬ǣ£ô𻨲þͿϧˣһŶǼٲժأ񵹺ãˡ

ֻǿЦţ˵һ仰ͻȻ

һʱסҲ̫ͻȻˡ

˴ȴŻЦ⣬˫ֽ𣬰̶˫֮䣬ᣬ֪֪𻨵ƺħҾǵζҪŨҡ

ΪʲôҾõԽԽǸʶĶŵϹˣ
ϲ˭
˿ǻĵúܣϲô죿
ôѽҿҪˡ
ŵ²ĵء
Ҿߡ
Ӹ⡣ָͷ˴ȵգ档

ȷ£ˣ֪֪˺ء

ǴЦʲôѽ

ת飬ͻȻĸ֫ѡЦϣ֣ͣ䣬֪ĺ˰ɡ

Ц𲻽ͣ£ͣ£ҪЦˡ

һæס֣ʵ𣿡

὿ûУҲ֪ڵ±ôˣڳϲǰ˵Թѵ䣬µòˣû뵽Զǲ׼ġ

ᣬֻֻߣҲܷαװһҵĲŲۡôÿһǹذƣҲ˿ɣЩԱʱ˵ÿ仰Ҫ˼ܾáСڷ£ĸϲģϰͺͳĬʵСʱҲϲ֣ϲС̸˵ءβãүҲ͵ߡΪ㣬Ҵһô˵˱˵ˡ

һԽԽůҲ£ʵһεˣһ㣬Ϊ㣬ҴһҵĽ֣˵ŮӣҲǸӦøмˡ

ᱧסᣬҲס΢紵ţɫĹţ⡣

һ𻨴ǰƮ䣬ͻȻʲôƿվ£ռȻЩ𻨶ˣ͵ðǶ

ãһա

ŮӣͬŮһӵϼŹ𻨣ܿ𻨾պˡ

Ÿ³ˮ𻨸⡣

ҪҪһ

в˻࣬ˣƷҵհɡһŮȥ

ͤڣƷŲ裬źеС㡣

Ź𻨸һŮ˹ʽһ𻨸Žҧһڣֻôݻ˳׽˲磬ڸϸ廯壬ޡ
һ飬ȻóԣԺÿӶòã

á𻨸⣬йأȵվˡ

ˣ򸴺󡣡Ҳһ𻨸⵽ڱߡ

ûԣУ˫ֳ°ͣգ۾ȣѧղŵӵзˣ򸴺󡣡

һЦѽƤᵯһĶͷ

סͷ㲻ϲѽ

ϲŶͷ̷֣֣˭Ķͷ

һԷͤΧˣ㿴ǶЦء

ǣҵҾ㡣ȼ˼鵽Уæðˣԡ

ͻȻһȵգҵķҲ㡣

ȷ¿ӣᣬ֪ƷˣˣٷǳԲȥˡСߵҲЩЪϢ

˶˵ӳ˷

ȿӣЦÿģ˵ֻԧ첻ɣʱɶҪĽԼˡ

տʼս䣬Ƶ꣬һһ
ῴŴС꣬ȥҲУԺιҲУֻվ£űߣԶȥ

ͼԶԶһˣɡסݣ߽֪
㣬շ˲شﲻҽݣǺá

ǰúشβˣ̥ĲҽΣСĽţҲܶʮصġ
ȱ𼱣Ϊη˲ˣ

񼱼˵شҽΣöˣﶼûҺ;ŻӴȥһ죬һаã˭֪ĿʹòУɫ࣬Żˣңҡ

˵žͿźش᲻ڽ˭֪Ҳڣ빬ȥҾŵ£̫ܲҽȥһơ

Ҳһȥ飬ܡ ȹͳ˸ϣͳеĳ빬ƣͣĦţͻȻʶʲô˼ضƻǽҵģ޽Щӣһûü㣬ͻ㡣

ῴ䱦һ㣬ЦҼȻˣģҪҸҪƣŻͼˣʱ㲻Ҫ˾ֱӸĹɣ;ŻӸôãҲܿġ

ʾƣ˼ŻӴȥ˭֪ŻҲڣ񼱵ת
ߣȥĹ

Ĺ¹֪ק˸̫ҽͳ˹ܼУͣ˷ſڡ




81.  ڰʮһ    ͵ʴס


û߽Ժ, 洫˿޵Ǿؼ

һѾû, Ұ, 촽ࡣ

㣬ôŻ, Ľ㲻˵ҲҺú¡ؼܹͷ˵
ɵվԭأǰһ

Ĺϵ̫ҽ, 졣

̫ҽǰܿ췭۾Ĺ, λѾȥˡ

ſ޳, 󲽿絽ߣץ, ôһȽ, ǽ㲻ãվͲôţû뵽ˡ

ط庬վڴ, ȥסļ, ⲻܹ㣬һֱ˵ĺܿģ

á޵ø, һһ¸Ķͷա

վڿŵλϣܳأȻͬӴ࣬ôҲá
ģһ˺úðġ

طҾ񣬡л

ӷԺеȺ̫ҽлع

Ҫһˡ

ͷͷŸͣȴȻɵգҼǵĸʱҲǰһ컹˵ЩҪȥڶվˡ

ȥģǶԽԽáηżļͷ

˵⣬ͻȻǰԼʱֻǲصһϢ˵ٻӦ⣬ο˺شĵ
ѵΪԼı;Żӵˣ̶ıˡ

ֱӻǼӣ˱ԽԽãȴ

ɱʲȴҶܲζ

˺һᣬݳ۾ͨ졣
㣬ˣллǡ

ץ˵̫ҽ˵ߵúܰ꣬ǧӦǸлġңԲڴҪľǳȥߣΪӳһĵһҲùأţûʲô£Ȼиõֻء

ȻͷҲΪԣҲһЩ

ǡᣬʱ˵ڣܷ磬һЦһգң˵ֺãҲãҴȥû뵽ա

ĸˣңֻм㡣

Ųϰοôʱ뷲ŮοҲеβɫһһĨȥֵƴ

ŵͷ

ֵˣͻȥþŸ㡣

Ỻ߹ԼϵϣԼ㻹壬моŵ¡񣬴㻹ûĸɡ

ȥ˵

ס񣬡ȥ
ڶϷֻоТΣû֮飬治粻

յһѩٵʱ򣬻ʵͻȻȾ˺صķ纮ԽԽء֮Ѿⳡǰصز

ʵ۲أ¶Ⱥس飬æµ

ò׵˿գҪظúһᣬȴ𼱼£˺ӳˡ

˵

ǰմ꣬˸սɵḶ́˵˺Ӵŭ飬ǲģնչˡ

ȳĬƬ̣˼õȥ˭ųԣ¾򵥡

ǡ

ҪתȵŶ
ԴһֱڵȽĶµû¾ȽΪҲˣȻתƵϣù֮˵Ϊ֮ˡ

ʱ˵ǷȷʵøʶأټϳϲãǾ͸Щ֮ԣû뵽ѧķԸ

պ²µû⼸ն½ϵض

ȥһʯдϣˮ֮ͨڽ˺ӱضҪھ£ȥ졣
֮֮Ȼ֮˵ôãһΡ

ʵ۲кתʱһδţƽɫ˵մ磬һ˺ӵ̰ӣն˵˺鲻ã˵鲻˺ӵնҶչˡͣ󣬶ʹðռ죬мΪܼٸ˰ֿʼ죬˭֪ڵ죬ڳһʯдţˮ֮ͨ

ŶʵͻȻ¡

ѽⲻ˵˺ӱһˮһͨˮѽǸɻоˡ

ʵЦǵ˵ûȹȻ컯ƽѽ˵ǲǸ԰ڳˣ

¾壬Ѿǰڳˡ

ʵ۹Цѽȿȿȡ

ƽæˮʵۺڣ²ˣʱĸںδ

ھйְ



˺֮ʧܣȽ͵ʴףĲУ鷿˸߰㡣

£п͡档


˭

ȽƬ̣Ⱥ򡣡

·һȥ

һͿȶһվУ۾Ѿ֪˺ӴΪҲ֪ҪͬλôԼС

ܽպˣôпˣӦòΪǲİɡ

Ůϲ裬Ȼһźȵҡ

Ƚ֣Ů£̫ʦϣ豭һڣҪ˵ʲô

һչҲȻҲôǰĸúöңȻ飬ϣҷȰ磬ˣСˣ³ܲҡ

㣡Ƚû뵽Ȼôֱӣ˵磬㲻䣬ʱΧԳΪμȣʱѾ̰ͼλˣ

̫֮ԾͥȥġЦЦ˵ЩҲţŲŶ˵ҲνֻЦҪλ˵Ҫ統ʲôڣ

ȽЦˣƾʲôô˵̫ӱϣĸ΢ôҲֵˣͬΪƫҪͬ

֢ڣȷʵȽ˵ò޵ĸһݣƣǸֵˡ
ǣӹж٣˵ϵļأ˵ʵʱΪ̫ʱȷǻүүĳַǵӡ磬ϲ֮󣬸ʼתܹɣҲԼġ

ôҫԼûȡʾͶм𣿡Ҳ벻ͨģԳСĲۣԣ˸ʳޣʱѧȵӴֱԣȴûһε˸ʿ佱Ȳ壬˱ƫɣ䲻

ҡͷЦЦƾһŹģһжǴӴֿǣΪıðհҵȴֵøʻİɡ
Ҳֵͬĵط

αȽмһˡ

̬֮УôΪУҺľ㣬ҵеߵģηŹ㣬´ҲŹ㣬Ϊ֮

ﳤȥ




82.  ڰʮ ս   


ջص, ȻûüߵԺƽʹʥּ

ּɡ

ȹ, ƽּ
, ÿ꺮߹ؽ, ǰȥ߽УΪ˧Ϊ̡

ĩ, ƽһ䣬ϲ

ȽּǾȣֻԼ, л佫, ұ߽ҫأõõ
ƽ乧ϲ, ʶʵΪ, ս飬͸ʸڴλϡ

˻ʵ۵˼ظ, ڻǷɵʱ, һûΣҪʱ̱־ѡ

ֻǣգֲСˡ

δʥּպ, һתͿվ
¿Ҫ

ʥּ¡

ῴ̯ʥּҸ׵ĸøãսḻ¿δˡ

ġǰ߽Ͻӣȥӣʴ˾پΪңµġ

Ͻӣ֪ԾͥǷ˶ĳޣ¶ҪСġв

ӦѾ׺ܶ£򲻻ּפرֻ߽ǣܲټң˴ΣǶȴǷǼˡʥּ˿ʥּе⣬سдȻ֪ϽᱣҰȻݣԾͥʹңҲٺҡᣬԼԾͥĳġ

ʹԸһֱǸ緢꣬ķʽءϣҶԾͥ˵Ƿθ֮ԣʱȷȻʮֿ͸սã˹ϣһж

ᣬһú֮ͬûйҺޡΨ㣬ⱲӶ޷ͻģȻѡԶ붼ǣжȥȰοԼ಻ᴥе˿ڡİɣĵһ
ӵסᡣ

պȴżʮҹ̸ϵ˱߽ҫó˧֮λڽʿȵļġ

ͬԾͥղ˭Ҳûйκ£ͬʶİˡ

ҲƤԾͥηƣסԾͥһԵĴУֺãȴԾͥӦ

ڹƶ񤣬ԷΪ󲿷ֶǸڣ˶ѷʱ߹س򣬳ԶĿľǶἸǳأƱĿľҪЩʡ

꣬ǶƥһЩʳƥȹաΪ߹ذհֻҪ֣ӦЩĲ֪㣬ôߣҪű߹ذգӶʳ

ߴǿ׳кܶ಻սµĽʿ೸⣬˭ҲӶԷֲô

˴ΣѾ˽ЩԼȻҪʣҪ߽
ѾãôԱսʤΪзط䣬лҫԣŰսҲûֵʲôôҲǵʱ򣬾ǰΪϸ˾죬С
֮ҫԴӽΪĶ߻سפⷽı

ֲôʼʩǰ֮ҫԱطСĽȺȥļϸ

ףʲٽһڹлɳãһս𣬲ֹ߹ذս֮࣬ȫػĲȡǣƬƶأȷʵ벻ۣáôάֵġ

Ž棬δҲǻһհ

ʱѾͬĽսЩĽƻĺܣһ򲻹ͳˣʱѱʿƣһޣɡ

Ȳиûս飬ҫԺֽ̣λϽԷΪǵְڡ
ԾͥȴȻҪᷳ㹥صĸ֣Ӧ񶫱ڹ³ǳأأǵַ˸Ϣɡ

ҫ̾Ծͥѽͬ˵ʱǸ˽ΪϽ׹أ±θң

ȴٽҲ޵ͬʱʱţʵᷳ˧ǸϵĮܰȸء
ھϣһ˵һ²ˣȾΪԾͥԣͷԣ෴ʮ޳ɡ

ԾͥЩȣڴ֮ǰҲΪҲᷴԡ

ֵϽ㣬ڹսأϢˣβδָܶҳвȽ˱ģٵȼأͬʱֵΣ

ҫϵ£ֿܷǳСΪǡͣʤܣȻأ򱱶Ǹڣƶڹռ塣

ϽҲеǽûռǵĸû壬ȴǵĳǳشѾãõĻϸʹȻǾܰݵġ֪ڵľƽͣӣϲսȴѵ꣬λȴǿʤλֻ⼸пܾȫ֮򣬵ʱڹҲϢѱٴηѡ
˭˵Ƕãķô

ڣ˽ԳĬ

֮Ծ̫ͥԶǸϵɽͺãԶԭ򣬴ɽѹ

ȷʵǺ⣬ûս飬ھָӰɡ֪Ѷ޷ֹ˴ҪְսǱʵ׿ڶ˵˴ξر˭֪ͬԾͥĽ֮˵

򽫾˼ףΪ˧սǺεһսˣֻڸߵ֮ϣûսľվǲϸġ 

ҫԵϳʶˣսʤ

һеġָӱ·ԾֱͥͥҫסԮĲ䣬Ϻ

ĸûӦһƽƽҹͥ޷ͻϮȥԮ˶ɱȥ޻أҲʿɱΧԮҴҸԮڰ·ʱͥȻıΪӵֵоҾг룬ʿǿֿٳ롣

ҫ߾ͲֹˣǰԮб˺ɱң֧ԮսתΪʤڵ֪Ѿ룬ԮҲϳ롣

һ·ӵɽ£޿ˣҪɽо׷̫ȫ̫ѡ

ľԣŮ˺ͺɽȥ

Ÿڴ֮УͶսѪȲϼϣһֱߴ粽룬Ϊֵеĵ

˭ûз֣һСʿս֮ȣʱ̣ԼӪľ뵽ҪɱԼ˧

ڳҪȺʱһת˭书ǿһСѾսõ֧һ

ȼһĻһҪȥ𣬿Χ̫ˣƵڽ˺󣬸鲻
˵ʱʱ죬һ̽˴ɱߵĺ󱳡

ڡȴ󺰡




83.  ڰʮ    һҪ


ս, أ˸أԪ, ɹϵɽ

Ӫһ¾, ˭֪ǸӲͷ˵

Ȼ˵, ˱ضǶҾ֮أǺüƲߡ

ɱ, ԭմȾֵ֮Ѫڿǲˡ
ˣ

վһԵľҽ̵·ģδ˵Ҫ

һ, ս֮¿ϱ, գպس

ڽʿ

ٽ, ٽ
һŮ˽˴һ, ԭŮԾͥ

£Ծͥԡ

أ첻, ҪϽ

Ծͥü, ηʱƭԼտʼΪ棬ֱӾܾˡ

Ҳ, þҽȥɡ

Ůҽˣ˵˵첻ˣ͹ȥһ۹ɡ

ȵŮ˵ѣٽȥɡ

Ծ֪ͥηˣʲôУ鲻ԸظŮ˳ȥ

ɢ˰ɣ׼ȷԸ

Ծ߽ͥηӪʣѾ˱ƭתߵ׼˭֪ҽӭٽ֮ܵʣһΪ˵Ƚ

ҽ׿ԣӦòдԾͥô£

ҽߺͲˣҽҩ˶ãҽ¸ߵľҽŴ󲿶ȥսˡµʱعҽΣҩޣҽҲޣ˭֪ߣ˵˾ҲٽˣһҪٽ

Ծͥкܸӣ˵ʲôоһηƴߣŻ˯

η۾ԵʮƣԾͥҰ˹⣬Ծͥڻˡ
Ҫȴ

ˡԾͥһ

ηжۣۿһӾͺˣҿҪˣǲǺܸˣҲû˲㣬ˡ

͹عҽӦܾȹ

ˣԼ֪ⱲӣҪĶûõ谮Ĺң̫ӸҲ۰㣬ԾܱͥܲңߵðЩη۽ᡣ

ԾͥдԽ֮ˣҲ˵֮ԣηƱڻУȴ΢΢ƫͷӡ

ηָԾͥգ֪㲻ңңǣҲ֪㲻ңԾͥı䲻ҵʵһҪ㣬㡣

ԾͥüӲıηƣҲ˵һ仰

±ҲˣֻηƵ᲻ͣնĿǰĽһӣΪ˶˵ЩѾþеԾͥջ䣬㰮ģŮӡ

Ů˴

ԾͥŽηϣ̽ıϢгһ̾
ˣȥ֪ͨްˡ

պҫر߽Ծͥͬس

飬ʵ۴ãһʥּǽΪ̫ӡ

ڶλ֮ϣ䣬䣬վŵĳˡ

±ϣȥе䲻ʵ ̫һĹߣû

ûССĻش

ȥ¹

¹ԹҪ밲Ȼ£Ҳơ

Ϣأ˺Ժ᷿ſڣҪԴ빬ᵽ¹˾ڸЩʲô

ᣬٰɣ㿴빬󲻱ڰɣأҲ˺ุܶĸͻͽĹˣ磬ˣ¹ڡ

бϣ¯һûһ졣

빬Ͱѵҵǿ빬Ҫˣ빬ˡ˵Щͳ

Ҳûг빬ƣǲȥѽֱӣҲȥأܸܲ˵˵һƣ

󹬶ĸЭҪҲĸͬ⣬µҵİΣҲͬģʹͬˣô̫ˡ

Ǿ͵͵ô

Լ͵ˣɲһ𡣡ȴſ߽

ϴ磬ôֲͨ˭͵ģ˵ĶŮӼ强

Ҫҵ̫͵͵弸ѽȲᣬȹϦ
ֱ¹

վԭزףˣôˡ

صж

£

ϦǰҪ̫ж

ᣬڳ̫Σˣò֪ƣ̼վͺá
ḧӣߵһǸλԽԽ

Ϧգģһů

ȥĳϦȣһԲϣ̸Цϵįԡ

ĳϦԲٰ죬ǳϦǻʵٳ׼ظģῪʼ󣬰չأԼ׼һƥѪ
ףԸ޽

úã꿪ԣ޾ƥɱʵۺܸˡ

Ļǧ˲Σ߻ϴǰʧĻŻϺɺ̳ɵķĹɵ

ʵϲЦտ׹Ҫʱʵһ䣬أ

ЦЦظʣ˵׼һ񣬻һЩ

Ŷˣ޵Ǻڴѽ

ʺ˳˵⺢ӣһֱТ˳

䣬Ƚͽˣ׳̧һú첼סķĶء

ʣˡȽ緢߽ȼǵüǰԣһֻͻ˲ܽɱ̾죬˲üڵأ֮üնһֻͻףʻ񳯡

򿪣޿ʵһЦ⣬壬Ҳˡ

ÿ˶Ǻ첼ϻĻܶ˶ͻ˻治ࡣ

̧ӵȡź첼˵ϻܴͣצǲףѻĹؽУʵ

첼ȡ£˶˹ά֮ʣ˭֪ȴԽԽԣϻſ۾Ҳ

ʵɫһ¾ͳˣһԾߵԣȥϻ˭֪ҲƲ

žһʵӡ

˻æڵأϢŭ

ʣʣǵģʣϺ첼̧֮ǰϻúõģʣҪŶѽȽףúõϻôͶҲء
ǿǴɻ䣬οʵ۵ġ

ȥڶٲ빬ʵֱ뿪硣

ǰϣȽڴ󺰣ʣǱԩģʡ

һϦҴҽˡ

ϣῴɫݵʵöмƵģ




84. [] ڰʮ    Ұ㣬塣


ס, мѾҪˣҪǸʸû͡

ѽ˵, ˭ûеӸ׸ʵ, Ϊλʵ鶼飬Ҳ, ͽĽ

Ƕñ¼ɵ°ɡ

ȿЦ취սϴɱ֮¹͸©һģ鲻ó˭ɱν, ҪǸʶ硣սʥּº缱£˲ٳҿ鱻Ϊ̫, ż, һż£ȥ£˽ͳбȨ佫, ⴥ˸ʵĵߣӹ, ֶ߱߱ȡλĲĴ˱ƹλ˼ɣգĵγ׶ˡ
̾һ, ҵҲʶǸ֮, ΪҸʺϸϸǲ֮ʱǳϲ֮󣬸ʶҵƫһֱڣҲҲ֮ʱ, ̾念;˷θ֮ԡ

῿ȼϣǸ

ղ˲ͷᣬлл㡣

ͷ£ʲôʱܳȥ棿

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