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̧֣ϵѪܰɣܵԽԶԽãٱ볤ڵķ硣
һʮꡣ
ѱڵķ硣
һգʹߣҪ빬ȥ
ԭʽ΢˷ټıŮ빬С
ǸΣǸˣ˾ģⳤǵɽ𺣣ҲȥһˣȥǸ


1.  𳤰   ֻһΣִ̫

һ£̵İʹţִﳤ

ɫƫƮС꣬ǰˮ·Щ

ɣߵţƬ̣ͷһ̴˯ĻӦŹ

ֻһλȥʮߵͣŰС˫ۣ˳ŨܵĽëͬһ㣬ѴͶһӰıСȴ̣ͦ۴һߣüͷ΢ţҲȡ 

ɣɷ²ߵ߻ػվ齵׼

ѻ˫ۣë΢¶˫Ƕ͸ƫβ΢΢һ˿ĵϣһ˫ۣ峺Ľ֯һϸ۽£һöǳǳĵС룬˫۵һ˲öС˹һ׹СС顣

ƿһǣͷĺֱֱײ棬˯ȫޣֻǷСʱȴ̴Ժ֮С

ⳡΣѾסЩꡣ

ӦǳجΣһʱ㺦˴¡

ǰСʱξɲȴϰΪ

ⳡξ곤õĳ֣

ֻζٻأǿ˱ɺѪڸǵòֻһһľ

ܰɡ

볤ȥڵķ硭

Ӧ΢ЦͬƫƫС֪ʱҲܱ˴̲סЩ

Ǳ谮˸Ƕǧ˳ʮ꣬ίǺﶼ
ֻǳΣǸˣвζ
ԣһҪҵһסΡ

ɣ˳ӵĿ⿴ȥֻһƬããҹɫУˮԽŨڸסΧһУֻһһƮĺӰģ塣
̲סһ
˶޷Ԥ֮£ǻ̲ס̿֡

ѻعƼɫü۷˼ǳЦˣ

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Ầ£ҲǿѨ硣˷ǰʹУֹлҿʹͽȺˣȴ̥
һ·ϣ˵صĴ£С鷳ȴǽӶĲϷЩźֹŮﻰİʾֻǸҿߵССӣҲ֪صĳ֮У²Ϊеĸλ۰˼ԻϲŻگӿСס򵥡
ⳡ֮УʵһټıὫУ˰ڲá

̧ԼСŮļ˫Ưĵ˿޴룬ܵȻοСŮʲôѲɱ̶Ѩ£Ļ˵̫ƶɣ·һδ֪Σպ⡣

ȻϷ¶԰ļɵ

УҵˣǾͻؼҡ

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ͷϣ˵ʲôõġ
ҿЩ걻ħһֱҪѰһĳȴǰʵ۲ء꽥
һû̵սϴ˷ҿǰȥĿĲ򵥣үͬӦƫƫҿһһҪȥģϵټǡʱ
ҿ˵˭ʲôӶ֪ȴ϶ʵڡ
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Ⱥв֪˭ۼĺܣһ۾ƼǴͷĽǱڽֵĺɫӰˣˣ

˷׷̽ͷȥ

ǽֵԵĲ跻̸𻰵ĿˣҲͷ̽ͷȥ

ĳٽֲ跻¥ĳңƿ˴ż¿ֵԴͷһ˿ˣкȲˣ̣˵˵ˡ

ơ

̵ӲΪֻ̧ۿȥӰĨɫӰ̫ҫۣôֱֱĴ۵ףֻһ˲ջĿ⣬ĵкκƵġ

̵ЦеĻȵȻΪơ

ͷԶѾȸǰȸǰһ˵Ⱥ̡̲סпûôֵʱôûȤأ

ֲſӻأеơ

ӣŴԣ˴ЦĴǳǸ֮࣬ƫһ˫һۣЦʱԣ˺֮£顣
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ոջͿʼС꣬˵ɴ󣬵ʪѾͲˡ

Ƽʱ꣬ͷ׷Ѱط꣬˶ңҲȥ·ʲô

ȺУλͬһֽɡױܿȺѰһƬ괦

һϲԲЩ¹һɡһЩӣĺоȻۣͷúúõģΪҾҪ꣬Ǹ˳ӣ˵ҪǺҪ˭²ҲҪǺҾߣڵط

˵ȴǳٻǳʿڴˣֻһҲ

վŵĹ꿴ȥͬ࣬ȴϰͷһ°խ䣬ȥΪ˳ȴΪֱͦ

µĹǣʱ˵࣬ҵĴ磬խòƫλ˴磬˸

ֽŴӷӴ߰׹ˮ飬СŮ̫룬̲ס̾˿תСŮ¶գʣһ֣ǿŵɫǽˮһ

̾˿óϸϵˮ飬εɣʱҲ߶ˡ

λǽǰİѺŮɣɣԭҲСֻǰѲ֪˭ֻһСŮй䣬˴۱㣬ȥƫһ衣
룬ɫԸ˿̾Ȼ꣬ǺŮҪڴЪɮ˽Ͷ˳ȥ
Ͷ˱û˱ĵط

⻰㲻Ϻǳ⣬ɣɶڰ˵ϾҲŮ򵥡
ɣԶ˶٣Щίӣݣ˭˸ίݿû˵ġ

ö̧ۣСŮԴˣ㰢ȻѰǣǾڴ˴꣬кβɡ

ɫУΪ˱ܿɫҴңȴһ˳ֽɡУɡסֻ¶һԷߡ

ѲһƳȻһ˲˿ҪʧʱӶĸ죬̧žС





2.  ִ   ޶׽棬

ӣȵҡɣûϵֻһ۵ĹУɮ˽ǸϳȥһӣͻȻܽУæϣ׽ɡͷ

ָڴ䣬꣬СЩһǰ

ɣûףֻһ߳ɡһ˳Ŀ⿴ȥ˰Σſڣӣò־ǰ˾Ҫҵˣ

ûش⣬ֻ򴽣ȥ
Ż˽Ųͬǰ֮˲һ£ΪǸֵβߡֻǣԳһЦ˿ȷʵ֣һزʶ֮ˣֻΪ˼ǲˡ

һ·ţų˴£߹˰֣һ跻ͣ˽Ųɡһ˲䣬ڵüա

Ǹӣȴһż˵һӣʱ˿̣ȴҲҲʵôʡԼľ͸⿡ʣһ˫һۣ۽üҶŷ⡣ɣ·еﶼһңƫۡ

Էò˶ͬʱͣ˽Ų
òѣȴĺܣžͲ󿵽ǸεҲӲϰ䡣
ǲϰ䣬ҲͲҪҵˡ
ɣͷԣӣǲ𣿡

ź̾˿ˣûȥˡ
Ҳԣع˶࣬׾Ѱأ

תǲ֪ʱѾ

ӣ˸Ϊ׵СĻŵѯʵ

ѵӴҲһɴˡ

ǡҲûѰʣʻʹķ

ûڣɣɽʾ֭һοӣôôˣһʱҲˣҲػġЩÿճĴй䣬Ȼû˵ȴףˡ

ѿЦõ˵ʲôأ룬𣬿ǲ׳ˡ
ߵ˳赣ͷ𻰣кηԸ
𣬴Ȳˡ

а£гҲ֪жȣһʱˣȴʱʱˡ˵ǳҲҪˡ
ңҪֲһʱ
ţֻͬôһưˡ
Ҳܼ

Ȼһسٹɾѷȥ̫̫ЦŽ§뻳У⼸꣬ڹкúŰ˵ա

Цǣĸ

ûжԵɣֻڴȶķȡһ̫ͬ˵Ȥš
˴ȶУΪĳҾҪ꣬ɮ˽ͬһϳƫ֮¡
£ᣬȴ˻ᡣ
й˴Ҵ˳ٹ̫ǰŮʷ˵˴£Ůʷɫһ䣬˵н

̫ԭ鲻£ϴȰЦݵȥ¶Щλߵϡ

СѾͷͷίΪβ߰ң

ЩźūţѲɲ֪ӣ

⻰һɣɻæģū֪

ûϵһС£ǵ̫ŭæȰĸѲ¶ˣ뱩¶ݡ

̫ɫȴǲã˰Ůʷȥѵʳ·ˣ¼ҵ˭ơ

ǡ

ǲǼС£ԼԸͻδϣɴ˿ĸȴ˴ŭҪǺŮǸ

˼һأ̫ŭδҪСŮæģ̫Ź

̫֣ĿȰҪţаڣ۸㡣
ǺһȰģ

ȲǼѲΪС£ȴչԽԽơ

ҹɣɻ£û뵽̫ǰȥºѵһ˳º˱˼ҲͰˣôʥҲŭ˵ڳֹǰΪºء
ɣʵڲף£ԭӲίҲͰˣôӣ˶ίأ

ɣɲȴѾס

ˣ벻׾ͱˣΪ벻ͨջб벻ͨѵͷŻǰɣȥѰЩܻ˵ġ󡯡
Щ˶пܻǸˣֻҪ֤

ȶһ£⣬ֻû뵽һС£ȻΪ̫ô󹬵ֶΡ
ʼ˴Ӳ飬صĻһȴҲҪ̾һأҡ
һС£οơ

±ִˣҲȫǻ
˰ڲӣȻҲҪЩôС

Щʱգ˳Ӧӳ˼ҲԾˡ

峿˸׼ȥ̫밲סڳٹУ볤ٹһξ롣

죬ɡʯשϣֻǲ֪ΪΣЩرֵĹˣȴԵЩĲɣЩСĹŮһ˵ŻϵĲҲܡ

ٹɭϣôҴ棬Сء

Ҫߵ̫޵ʱٹССĹˣڽͷӶϹżɣžֵĺܡ

ѲǸֵӣ˿ҲЩ档

Ҫߵǰæ밲

޵дһЦ˵

Цʣô֣

ҲЦ⣬ү̫˵ء

үѲ죬ѫңļҵү̫ܶ󿪻Ц
̫ĸЩףʱҲû̫жϲЩǡӣıְ֣δسء

˼ЩãæͣǹֶӣĹӡ

ӳ빬̫˵ֻЩӹһֱ빬Կδء

Цԭˡ˽Щ֪ôһλڳʢү˫飬֪ʤٹҲ֮
˽ЩԴûȤֻǲٹע
ֻû뵽λӵֵ̫ġ
˵䣬ֳһˣǰŮʷ

ѸŰŮʷ߽У߹౦̧ۿȥԼƼλӵıӰԷһɫۣڰĿǱҪ߳ͷֻЩݡ

ⱳӰм졣

һ·ŶԷһ·ҲѾߵ̫ǰ

ջĿ⣬صĸ̫һ񣬡Ѽĸ

̫ϻſЦ⣬ٵ˸ǰЦ֣ǰ̣㻹ûء

̾һ䣬ӵԵñŮ̫ϲˡ

Ȼ̫Ѿ˶Է˭Ҳͬ˼

ԷҲѾ񣬡
м͸Ǻһ˿Ц⣬ȷʵöͬ˵ֻҲΪ̸

̧ۿȥԷһ˲䣬ȴʧ

಻̫ҲҪһò಻ĲҲҪ̾һ׿
ļףٱԵΪ̣үرƫһ˫һۣǲ۲תԡ
һӣ˶ϲҲһȻ顣
Ǿʫʡ޶





3.  Ȥ   ʲôûУ׽棩

Ѻܿջ˴Ŀ⣬ֻƼݵһǣΪԷпҪѰˣüȫòʱ̾ԷյͬʱȴҲ֪˱ضѰ֮ˡ

΢΢ףص񡣡

Ҳ֪ǲĴλӿĿ⣬ʵмֲڡ
һ̣λӴֿ¼ﶼ˺ϵκһˣڽֱ߷·Ƥɹ̫С
һͨĳ£㲻ִڴ˵ˣǶҲü̹Ȼ
ֻǽǰǷŶƤɹ̫СϵһδЩƵĺЦ
ǲɵ䣬ȴֺܿʰ飬öԷƳ˿뷨
ҶԷҲѾջĿ⡣

̫ЦŽ£ٺͰ׵ͬǰ˵Ẓ̇ռȻ¼ǰ飬ȴ̴Ӧ㡣

ԭ밲һԵѣ̫ͬ˵йء

̫⻰˼ǰ飬̫ҲѾԸԭ³¼ңֻղּܲձջأʵЩ棬ҲҪ˸̨ײС
ֻЩ⣬࿴˶Էۣ˾Ȼ̫ܺûת⡣
ԷĿ⣬΢΢һЦеҾ뿤ԭ³¼ʧ֮

һ̣̫عͷѣԸԭ³¼յĹ

˳ŻȥѶĸıѵĲԡ֮£ҲйҲ˶Գ¼ҵ𷣡

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ٹ⣬żȥڼųٹſ߳æӭȥ̣ˣ

߽֪Թ˶͵㳯ЩЦЦЦݻλԹ˵ۡ

վǰЦУǻᾡΪ

һм̣ض㡣ŵĻӣ˿ȴһ֮ˣȴ˾кβס

ߣȥҹУǰЩѰЩþƣЩڼҺȡ
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ӷͬǴһʱһ̸ֱүƽӺǴһǿɴǰˣͷһսӹʱ˵ɭϣͷһرҪסڣ۸ӣ۳д󳼡

㻹˵ÿү빬ʱӶԹְ͵ȥүһֻ۱һֻۣù˽үյĴװ綼ϸϸ˵һء

㻹˵ү

ɣѧ˵Ļν˸߲ңЦһĻѲҲͬЩһ㣬λӷİˣ

ɣɼɫѹסС˼ⲻǼҶô˵ӡ

ѱ˵˵Ϊúÿ˲ϲȻʵֻһҲܷ˹﷼֮ˡ

ɣǡȻء

Цҡҡͷ˹ȻûֻƤ࣬ȴҲ

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¼ӵңǹֶĻӣͬĻǰЩӲΪִͬ
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λӵǸˡ

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ĳۡԺУõļ佲ʰһȾΨٴǰ̨һ̻δ壬Ծɢ֮ϣ·һ̣˱ִһӡ
⻹ǰ
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ܿ죬ģߵ˷ţүЪ𣿡

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ūƿţзһ˿¶˷Ų԰ײѪɫһĴһ˿ȻѪ죬԰׵ͻȻͶһĨɫ

ɽҩϣǵĿүҪȥ̫ҽ¼ⲡôּˣ֪ͲôӦ빬ȥ¼顣
Ըڲأ˿࣬òײ齥ˣһţ˷˺纮ּˣ纮ָʲôʱܺأ

һϣд˺ڸǵĵǡ

˻ҩҩ̫࣬ﶼȫǿζ

üͷȴΪɵĻ̿ˣ£üҩⳡ纮Ҳͺˡ

˵ҩʱ˻ȴ˳ֽҩϣûҪĴ㡣

ɻвүοһ˻ˮ

У˵˻ˮԡ

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빬λԶİ޿ǸȤˡ
˿вŲ¼ɡĽɡɱ⡣
Ψ۾ʱЦ⣬ȴʲôûС

ͻ仰ү˵ʲôء

˻ûشƬ̣˻֣ȳȥˡ

ɷɿضһ䣬үǵҩЪ

޾ӣ»ص˻谵֮С

˻ڵĲ׵ҩãõҲûӽ¡





4.  Ƴ   һ·𣿡

¼ҵ£һЦڳ˺һӡֻǲǳ¼ڳһѵһʱ֮Ҳڳ˲֪˲
ߣ֪˹빬Ϊ¼飬޿Ҳ¼Ϣ˺Щ޿һӱĽŻԸԭ³¼ҵʧ
Ծǳ˳һ㣬˳ĴС
ƫƫ˶Ȼ
Ȼ޿Ǹʲô֮أûй޿һģӦõġ
Ļ˶˵˶û

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ѲͲ˲ϲǹ

ɣɷ߷߲ƽֻ˵ͷβĲ跻ͷ˵£ԸҪֶȺ̰ĵݺݽѵһء

ǹǸﲻտһ۹ӣ̲סȺôͱأ
Ӷλӿ˿Ȥ

ӣɴ໹ðֺúʰЩҽһ٣ǲٺ
ɣĲУЩֲôӡ

Ѳ¶ˣﴫգң˻ֹˣ²ȥ߰Լͻ

ӡɣɻ˵Щʲô

ػ

ٹźüÿݴ

ѿɣһۣӡ

ɣɺһ׽ŭȥ

ѷ

ʮҵ㹬ŮǳȣԽ󣬱㴹˫ɵ˵¼֮£л̫顣

£ҼӸмѣūЩʱ֣֮ŵСŮ㽫елϣЩ㡢Σ˵ǳµʱ֮

գҼӻ磬ǿÿգ뿤

һЦȻ

һߣ̾ԼһСŮʱ㣬ҶҲˡ
ɣɺͿӣôͱȲˡ
üǰЩȥˣŵҲͦãɵĵԵÿɰڣСŮɵЩɵЩɡ
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ÿ϶ţСУֵĺܣǱβ棬Ҳһѱ顣

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ϢĹ˻˵ӣһ·ҪҪȥߣ

žµڣȴѾ˻¯ůġ

˻ۣĽŵ¯Сϣ˺һŵˣš
ǷŵĿԺľ˵

磬ӣҪۻȻظүǶȲȥˡ

˻̧ۣдϢĹ⣬ҫ۵ĺܣԽ԰׵ɫγĶԱȡ

İڰ֣ѲҲţͻȬ𣿡

ײֻ̫ܽһŵҩһ˸ȹ֮󣬱ϢһӣڵĿĵء

һֵľ

ԭȴֻܾøԣ԰׵ɫԵš

ﶼãòáѧáԵãֻ岻ãСಡЩ굹Ǻһÿ붬ʱڣӹǾһձһͻһ

˻վھǰ̧ԶĿջǰһۣһˡ

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֮ɣ߳ž˼š

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Ϊ˷ܣ̣˵빬ּͻ飬ɺã

˻̺õĻƾƺһڣĿڶ˿ͻ뷨Цʣ֪үļҵĹ㣿

СһЦѣĹɶûȢȤ

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С˱¾ƣ˳־ٱһЦͬͬɲҪ

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ɫһ䣬˼ƾʲôǼһλӣͬѪѵΪұ˼ңͲһ𣿡

˴Ǿ˶ӣΧǱеҲѱ᲻˽治Ļȥ

˻΢΢ɫŻһС塣

С塰̣ϾҪ붬ˣֿӹĲȤ𣿡

˻ֻźȾƲСȻȻ򣬡ǲλͬһ㣬㷼İҳףֵһ㲻мΪѣ

˻ȥеĹ⣬ЦҺްŮ֮飬ͷ˴Ǻ죬ֺοȡЦ

֪С̲סʣѲ㣬ϲ㣿

Ҿ͸ˣҡ

˻һʣգλ޿

ЦЦҲûлش

СһһԼѳȾƣѲδȬɫ԰׿žܣȾƶܾˡ
ȤˣһȥţҲȥ׼׼빬һ£͵ֺˡ
Ǹ֮ˣʲôʲôǹ˻ҲȰ
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ž߳ɣ񾭽׼ȺȺе뿪ץסʱϡ

ǹ˼ҵһ·ȴĳսǻͣ¡
һ˲䣬˼ǸȲֱȥ
룬һˣֱֱĳϰ֮ˣܿǰͱԼĪСһģֲ

̨㶼һ·ˣ𣿡

Ҽһ𡣡

ɣҲŤ󣬸ŷ
Ź˻ʱһ˲Ļ㱡

˻ºһЦһ·βĳ֪кҪ£Ƣã˸٣ȻҲû





5.  Ů֮   ҼӶûŮ֮飬썆

ɣֱǰλһĹӣ޺ֻǴ˿̶ԷűӼҲ̾һ信ϣǲݡ
ˣʵڻ̲סɾ裬

ɣɵ÷Żƣȸˡʧ񡣡

һ̲ס˸ۣȻ֪ʧΪλҪ

˻͵͵Ŀһ񡣡
Щɳƣǿ̫ã˺

ɣһ˲ԥǲѡʱ˿Ӧǰ˸ϽȥϢǱڴ˴
׻վϷ硣

Լù˸ˣҪ޹֮ƽ֮С

˻԰׵ϸֳһ˿ãȻǺ⣬ĳε㣿

ɣüͷЩӣʢԣѵ֪ŻȴҲ뽫ѵ˵
ںҪۣ
˵һ˼Щ˵ҲӦö
ɣԥһ˲ֵҼӶûŮ֮飬ᡣ˵⻰һ˿ΪҪ㣬һ䡣ɲ˵䣬вʡȶ⣬ʵǶǰЩġ
Ծڴˣǡ
ɣҲȹ˻ʲôӦתһϢʧȺ

Ŀ뿪ģ۾ûӰɸֲ̾ôǰô׾ͱ·أǰ˸ûӾͱ˿̣ȴ˲ʧǰʧȥ١

ӵ˼ԵĿһأ˵ݽʿó֮治١
ݹֽ½ʿǷ̵ĺ֣˱߾İ
ֻǣսպգΪ£һĸͬü˹ȥ꣬Ϊ幫ԶޣͻᲡʣʱϾͻһĽɱݣջıȨ
룬ݰʮ꣬幫ٳϥֻһŮҲδ檵ͷ
Ϊ˲˵Щ˼幫İŮһگٽ磬Զ븸ĸԶǲ֮ 

پλЩ
ͬʱȴ־Ų˼飬Բ۾˻ӣ˵˼⼸յԣǸϴȥģ
빬Ϊ¼ӲأЩԺϽϳͷʲôҲȥᡣ

ԥӣòΪǹɢȥģ

һ룬Щͷ󣬡ⲻǿտڰҥ𣿡

УȥѸոһҪѵⱻۡ

˻˿ڣ͵͵Ļ֣

ֻǺסԺ󣬹˻ЩĲɵĿ֮ʮָ޳𪣬÷Ƶͭ¯ʵڷĦŸƣǽ˱ָ᷺һ˿̵⡣

ʵʺ¯
컹ûȴŽĶضù

ϵĺ飬ϸغãð˿紵

ǰʻȥһ·ش

ظԺȥǺΪ

Ӧһ˻Ƴ˯ȥһٲ

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ſѣСĴ˸硣

ɣԭڸī㽫һŵĽȥȽ裬ζ˱üͷ

ûúȽ衣

˵⻰ֵͷϸϵżüͷ

ĸţдװֳѲӱ߾ǶɵϰߣÿҪ붬ʱֵı߾ѲһأһΪ߾סİգΪ廢Ͼ˵ƶ񤣬һ˶ȱʳÿ궼ֽʿαװɷͽӶ߾յţס
ʱսɳĽ˧һˣʱûʲô󰭣ͺЩ˱㿪ʼĥ߾㰲ȣǲôˣÿҲвĲľ

Ȼ幫ֻ˻ᵣĵĻûдȴЩ
ʱգдǰǰʱѲӱ߾ɱǰࡣ
ݾ볤ǧ֮Զǳ£˰ӼҲҪʮղ͵С

ɣԭҪȰ뽪裬ȴüͷȰ˵Ļ㲻˵ڡ 

˰ΣڽŸϸպãɣɲСض˱ȥӣݳ£

һڲ裬һжãֻвˡ

ɣɱ̾

ѼˣղǻҪฮ߹ͻ磬ȥͬü˵һ봩Ǽĸ¡
ɣɹ汻⻰˹ȥฮͻ磬յฮģǳĹ㣬ӿɲܱȥæȥǼᰴ伫ء˵Ż㼲޾ȥˡ
Ѽ뿪鷿ų˼ʿʼдš

幫ҲֹΪŮһţ̫ٳ˷볤֮и幫Ϊ̫Ь࣬ǰȥʸ̫
Ь࣬һƱ˼ģһôЩ꣬ĸŮ˶δ
̫аٸнǼµİ񳯷£ʮǰ幫δ޵ʱ

ˣĳҲȴǰ࣬һֱ˵£˿ȴЩ˵¡

㰢ʮʱɰʮ񣬽ѽ˴ҲûꡣһǺɰֻ˰ƬҶӣһżùҹæ꣬գ㰢װԼȥ

˭ûйʱʱأ
ĸ幫ҲǱĸ׺ֳߵСҲΪ谮Ȼ֮¡ֻ꽥ĿֻᱻմȾϻҳ

̫̾˿ḧϵĻƣ˶ʮ꣬ҾȻܴѡ

ЦڼʱҲ˵ǰڵıûΪһѣûܶǰТ

أ񱾸ѴһֻǰӲãһһ߽ҪΪ

̫һ˿ײֻǺָֻܿ糣ǰһ׽֮⣬ͬ˵˵㰢ݣƽﶼЩʲô

䳣дűƽ˵ĶЩаҰĵĻίҲǲдŸ߰ҵġ

Ѿ̫࣬۰ҲݷĴ֮١
㻶Ӧһǣʼ˸幫ʮճ

˵յʱǲӦݵÿնҪˮ֮࣬Դ˺ЩӶδȬֻܴĶҲȥ

̫Ӳ֪Щ£ЩȥݵĹҲ˴̲סʵأ

渵ѽ˸ӣڰ֮ǰˮֽרȥˡ





6.  Ը   ̲ȢޣҲȢޡ

幫̫˵һ鵽С 
Щ幫ʱʱ̫źͶ⣬δͬдţ͹κζ
ѽȥ鷿󣬻û˵ֻȳȥ

ȳ鷿ĴţɫѾ̧ۿȥһпɫɵģ˾ѹֵЩ

һ̾û׼һǳꡣ

·ū׼ɡҴţع·ϿҪϸŽ¡

Ѹмл

ϣʹ̵ֻ̫Ĺ˵ĽŲ

̫Щ֡
ȴҲ㹻ܾľơ
࣬оƺǰĲࡣ
׾˾ˣϣۣδ¶̫ӡ
񣬳Ұĵ飬λѾɣʺ£ʢ費ϣһǰó裬ʱֳͬ۲ʱܴۣȨ¡

ó裬ĶӣĻǰȴƲܳĶӡ
ӾӳǵճȴΪȼľͷвⱲֻҪ췴үҲˡ
Ϊ˵͵ǰѾӭȢ˻
ͬĻӣһǵóĹĻӣһǶ赭ĳȴܵûϲӡ
볯Ĳ·ࡣ
ʣµļλСĻӣδɣҲûǿӲ֧̫֮λ

֮ԱٽҲֻһ£ֵñ˷ϡ
Ļ¡
ϣһҪһĻΪ룬ȥ£ҳΪԼĳ룬ǽﵱһҪʱ޼֮ȲҪʱʯ㲻ϡ
ԸԸˣܲţϾ˶ԼĻ
Ը⡣

ɣɱŻϲȵֽ̤֦ɡţһȴͷͷϡ

һæſɡٸߣסǰЩĲɵͷϡ
꣬ǲҲ֪ӵʲô顣
ֻǣʲôҪʲôȴûа취˽࣬һæﲻϡ

ǰͻȻһɡʶ̧ͷһ֡

̲סһ䣬ҵǻһ
˾˳ɵĶӵУɲֹĸһλӡ
ֻλӣҲ֪˵ǲңңճʱΪ壬۸ӡ

ӣ˵ʲôأɣûס

£ֻͻȻϵֺϸٶԶԣǳ˲ɾͲˡ

ˣȥ֮Ͱٿ

š

ͷҹ꣬ڶյѵ硣

ѷԸ˹ˣﰴ񵥣͸ͬıȥ

ü֪ʵö죬Ͼǿˣֻ־ǲ˵ʧְ֮

ѣЩԥôˣ

үǶ͵ƷǲЩס

ԭΪ£ЦЦкβףǱ֣ϸһ񡣡

⣬ü㲻صġ

ͷǰػѾá

ѱ̵ķԸһ䣬ֻܰ͵ȥĸ£Ҵฮͬĸ͡

üֻӦһǡһֱٹǰԶȥԥ׻ȥ̫޵ҹѸ֪Ůʷ
ŮʷҲû˵ʲôֻüһ⣬ȥźһ£ſǸʲôˣ
üϸ룬ˣΪǸＫˡ

Ůʷ˵ͷˣȥɣźʱҪϸЩպ飬㲻ǰ㰲ڿźܱǰ̡
üһǰ̣ȴϸ룬㱻Ůʷˡ
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鷿ƽܰӲãźĹ˺޲һ˿˻ϵ徻
ԭΪҲͬǰ㣬鷿ͷۣǰźţ鲻ǵҲܺùࡣ
ֵͬС̫࣬վ˶࣬˲ע⣬ҪǷ̧ͷȴңңһӰ
ͿҪߵĹǷĿ˺
ִٵֹԹֵͬĻһ£̴ּеһ䣬үүˡ

ʱҲվֱӣŵĵԶλү

߽ˣæ밲Цүôп빬

Сббһۣż˵֮⣬үΪТ˳Ҫ빬밲

С̫Ŀ˻ϻҪͬЦүԺūͽȥ

˵⻰С̫תͼȥǱӰмĶӵ˼

С̫սսĴϣү

۷еʣɫ˵Ϊ빬

ү˵밲ġ

ɫ΢

ǡ

ϻδӣ˽ӷѣҪģȥ˹

С빬˲̲סЦԭǼģЦԵøͻأ

Ц۵ĶУ۵һۣʧЦ

СЦǰܵһ밲Ͻ𰲡

õı⸱̫ģֻԸӣӳΪգпǷж裬ôһָ飬ǰһȴҲ£ֻҪҲԸһֻ۱һֻۣȨûƼ

ô빬

СЦΪͻ顣

һ㶣Ҫѹȥŭڵһ¾ð˳ͻ飿ͷʲô£

ϣʹֳˣЩڼаؼĹӣ಻밢ƷƺȲ裬ˣ

ۺɿȴϻⲻТӴһأ˼֮ȷʵʲô£԰һ֣Ȣ޵Ҳܹ˹һ쵽֡

ǣ̶̵һյʱ䣬۵ת˼󾹹һοУ㵽£У¼

С΢΢һЦѡȢ޿

̶һ仰ȴƽһס

ǰҪҵĲ豭˳־˳ȥйӵˣСϣ˵ʲô

ŭɶӣȥ

СƤЦ˿ţϣҪһɣôֻ꣬Ըͻ飬ǳⱲҲֻͬһˡ

ӲãǲȢޣҲȢޣҲȫ˳ʶ֡

ֻؿһƣˣѺ˼û޵ּ⣬׼

ϢŭϢŭ

С屻˳ȥż˴̫ҽֺ˼֡





7.  ˼   ĪЩĶ

˺óʱ䣬Ż̫ҽʩ󣬿Ȱ棬ϣþ򲻿ٺķ񡭡

Ѿ˲֪Ļ˰֣ؽˣȥɡ

̫ҽֹ˺üأ¥վһԵɫʾ뿪̫ҽŹˡ

̧üģƣĻ¥
¥æǰӣԸ
ոճ˵£ô
¥һӣҪ˵˽۵ˣҳƵڶ˸ԳƵһ

ҲӲǰػ˿̱үף֪£֪е
ۺһмֺɸ֣ǲ֪޿̫֪޲ֵʹ졣
ûΣ֪ν
֪ĪȻǱȥʮأȴһһ׼
¥֪Ȥ͵ū룬ܸүһݲ£ү϶ܶЩ
۰۾о˸˵Ĳ

¥һү۵׶ӣһ֮׶ӱүˣĺʱ߰˷еĶͷ⵹ǶһݶϵˣûвԼƵĺ־Ѫ
ΪүԽԽʱģв˻⡣

¥룬ֵ̫ǧͿ쵽ˣӣүٰǧ磿һ棬ֲӡ
˼Ƭ̣ҲãǸЩ£ѧΪ޷ˡ޵ּ⣬ȥ񲿰
¥ӦǣҲûǰ۲ŷ˱˼һ¡

ĴţԳԴ粽롮Ѻ͡Ľ˵ǲˣѲһϲûؼҵ·

ǡҲΪĿ

ⱻѺͳ̣֪£үַ˼ˣ

ԳۣСû˼ػضˡ˼ֻԼͺе鶼ûз

֪һתūԣӣūŵʱ˵˸͵үĶ˺үˣء

Գ˼£ߣȥ̡̽
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ǵһȥฮͣฮƼҵϴԳӭ

һ棬ѱ˸񣬡ԭǸһ밲ֻδÿգĪ֡

ϴλ浾ķˣǵһȴΪͰףе֣żϸһ񡣡żֻ֮ɫ

æʣɺã

ѱЦĸ念һжãʱ
λϴˣĸ÷֣Щżȴڳ֮£ʺ 
ǰҲĸ׶лᣬһҪźá
أϼͻ磬볤㣬ҲΪͬϴ˼

Ȼϴһ⻰оͷЩ⣬ֺܿѹȥ
Щ˿˵Ҳʡ
ԵʱǰһѼ񣬡ѩ
񾲣Ϊһףϼѩˡ
ЦϽѱáѩС࣬ҵĳѣһ㵹Ҳ
ϴҲδֹѩ˳ڸ˳ƺ
ϴЦСȥͻˣȥơ

ѩӦѲš
ЦұѴ˶٣Ҳҽ㣬Ұ߾ͺãѽ㻽ҡ
Ҳá
ѩйĪ̶һ·̸ֻƬȴ̲ס׽

ĵطǰĹľһ˵ѩһһѽܹ
ʱѲŷλϼҹʵǸ
ЩңϲÿȥȫȻͬѩÿ˵ϲŲߡλǴ͵ĻƫƫѩͬÿĻ⣬ҲһҪѼĹȥ׼ʣһġ㰲һԣ˽̸˲¡

ǰͻɢѩȥסϢһء
ڹٻĳš
˵䣬ǰԶһ˳
ԷȻҲûϵǶˡ
ǲñá
ͣ˽ŲǸ䵭ˣ¶͸ƣͬѩ˸кǼԵĻһáҲֻһѣܿĿ⡣
ѩһضˡ
磬λǰ޿
λҶҳӡ
ԷҲδйຮѣܿ˫߸·
ֻѶ࿴һ۶Էϵ嵶
һͨڵϰһͼӦĳֱ־
ĪЩ⡣

ѩ֪ЩʲôƵģ߽߱͵Ҷڱ˾ְƽæĽŲմأ̽Ҷɩ

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ߵ˻Ժͷͷֿ֡
˽ӣһȥϷƽȴǸϲӣǶϲԺͷ޿֡
һϷ
üԺű߶Ҫ͵͵ȥӸס밢ʲôϵҪ㴫

˺үһӣȴҪӵͷ˵̣ΪãмеЩū˱ǣα͹ٸ

ⲻ˿Ц

ڣ˻Ҳһ멡
һԲĿǰһ־硣
˺үĻֻźЦ۽üұЩЦ⣬һ纮δȬɫ멵ӳ£Խ԰ףЦҲ˯}˵ζ

˺үЦоЩ
ԭֵȴææظ˵˻ҪŮߵŮȥٸΪ⼸ū͵˹˻Ķ
ûϸʵ͵ʲôֻŸϽȥ»СС»ˡ

˻ǳĴЦЦ˵ǡ
˺үһҪ˽ڵʹĵļū͸˺ϳȥ
һԵˣҲһҪ˵ЩԲ

˻ֿ˿ڣû͵֧̫ǰ͸ĸ׵ķΣ¶Ҳˡ
⻰һ˷ɫһһֱĨСﶶɸһ
˺үɫ䣬ת߷˹űߵ͸˭ǵĵӡ

鷿ţͷĺһԵд˻˺⣬˺ү׻Ŷ𣿡

˺үһһ۹˷ˣȴȰ˻

Գһ̤УӴôô֡

һ˺үɫ͸ѿˣôˡ

үôˡ˺үһ۸ںͷūͣүǶ֪ͨһ𣿡

Գ˰֣˺ү⻰⣬ҺͰʲôϵõͨ
ĿɨˣƵĲˡ





8.     Ǳϵ

һգҹﶼ˯òȡ

ҹ˯ȵĴۣڰԽûһȥ̫ƳĲԾ̫ҽҲֻ˰ҩֻҩҲá

ҹһ밲ҩ˯ߵһ̣ȴǳΡ
ǸѪˣʬҰսһ赲˷ϮΣա
Ҫ̧ͷ˵ȴ˵лƳյļ
ֻ˵źһζ·ˣ˵ǰҲһѪ
ѪԴԴϵӿ
룬˾Ҫˡ
ҪסǸѪͲ
Ǹȴס۾
Ӧûж˵ڶߵᣬһƬë
˵¡

͵˫ۣǹƻ谵ããһξ룬»صʵ硣
̧ԼĶͷһֵ
ˡ
ֻǽҹⳡΣЩͬ
μǱ
ŵǱѾѪȾ͸˵ĵϣһ̡
ฮ϶үỊ̇һģһ
ʱ˿ֲ̣ʵУξͷʱĸʾ
ڽ䣬һţ˾

̫ǧｫǧͳ˹ͷȴ£ǰٰͬ͢ǧ磬һֽگ飬˴ǧ罫֡

ԳδǰͲţԳһүҪָ
ֻ˽Բ֪Գݲζ
ȻҲ֪ҲԴġ

¶һ˵Ҫ˳ȥ
˾Ǹʲôĵطگȥ˵ˣǱˣҲ˱˾Ĵš˾ĸ֣ᶶһ
֪ǲͬ˾йϵɣżױȥ飬ûҲͰˣǱ¶٣ʱųõҲ롣
Ǹˣ˿ҲЩݡ

ϴ˰æ϶үڱ˾ֵѸ˼̾Ųס
˵ףֻܿԼ
дһţɣȥɣ
ɣһţ֮ͱ¡
һ֪ɣʲô£

˵ɣʲô
ɣ򴽣ӣǧֵ
˵ǰɢͬԵˣϵˡ
ƤһȻأ
ɣµȻȻճ˼£͵˹ĸ׵ﻹ̫ﵱ͸ĸ׵ķΣѾȥ˹ٸ
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ٸһ󣬷ֹ֪͵һֱɢӵԡ
ֵЩÿնȥԺסˡ
ӻʱƼ̫Ƕȥأ϶ҲΪ˼һ¶

Ѳ³߰˷֣ȥҹӣ֮ǰɣҪִ¡
ɣæͷЩ£ţȥҹӣֻ˵Լˣ֪ǣô

ʮΣȴҲûа취ͬɣ˵ɣҲֻΪά
լ飬ͬûϵҲܲš
ƫƫ˲һ֣ˣܹ˼ҵҲڷչء
λžӹǲõĹӣһ˿Ρ

ɣɻЩŤüģ˵ɣʲô¡

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Σֶôһ֡
λǸչˡ

ӡɣɼɫȥɵõ

Щƣ룬ˣҲ˰һѵ֪ݡ
űֽ˰죬Žۺ۵ã߳Ҫдţ־ͻأȱʼϵīˮֽϣ룬ȴֽӽֽ¨
λӣ˵ûʲôϵҲǣ

ǰȥ̫޵ʱǡ
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Ϊ飬òΪ˸飬Ȼûи顣
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˼ҵıԺһһڳ
ԺԺӣס٣ԽԵÿտ
˻£ǰǲ¯Źˮ̵ĲҶˮ
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Ժʮ߰ɣСϰ䣬һ⣬Ưĺܡ
˰Σ˻̧ۿиɫ㻹ǸĲСëʱҪǰ֣ˣ
˵ͷ˼ǣ֪

Ժӣǿš
˻ϸ˼ɫ벻Էš
λ޿ǳ˽⣬ԷӦǲͬǣġ

ŵݺ̵ֻ̣ܶ֡
֪ˡ

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Գ˿ûɣҲ˵ĲСӵĹһգôû㵱ء

˻ЦЦƹȥ˾źȲ裬

үæǧ綼ÿգôпСԺȲ裿

˵ԳͷۣҪ֪ŴҰҲŲȥͻء

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9.     ʮѣǼᶨȴ

ҪΪ֣һҪеģѧȴʱ
ˮݷعϡԭϵӵнýǣ߶ȵľαװѪҺ淨
ǲԭһԺ̸֣׵Ůһ飬ʲôҪ㹻ġ 
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һͷĳڶһ˿Ƥ鶯

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ղǻҪΪӴ飬ôôء

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10.     һ˼Σ

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Ůʷһп̾˿Ҳۡ

ȻΪ޲ΪףΪĸףΪݵİȣ˸ǰһζ㲻Ǵ
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ӣ»أһҪˣӵһϣΪӻ֣ʵ˵ڡ
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11.  ֮   λƯĹ

ּ̫ѷǰնڳߣǴƧͣʺԵĵط
֪Ʈѩڵڻˮȴ˱ȥֱ򻬣·˽ųҲ

ͷһڽֽǹƼţʧײ

ײһλһ̿˼ңľ̿һأ˼ˤڵأ춼ûɣæǰ鿴һãλ˼ҵȣΪˤڱϣСȹˤˡ

Ƭ̣ɣߵڵӣλ˼ˣ°ȥҩݡ

ѵͷŵúúô˼ҿٺúý˼ͻؼȥ˼в֮һЩͻͷؼҾͨ˽ҪϰգЩû룬ӿǲùĺܡ

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СոĿˣʲôʱ뿪ģ





12.  ھ   ǧôȹ֣׽

ӣλǧɾҪѰˣɣԥ
ѿڳԣĲɵĿŴⷢ
ڲ¥ᣬһֱˡ

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ףλǧҪҵˣӦû˲ŶԡӴС󣬾Ǹ֮ˡΨһξͶִ

ɣʻѻعãȻ֮ɫ𽥵ȥɣЦЦʼ¶ɫתƻ⣬ǱӦѾյţڳסӻأ˵鲻ż
գѾͬ۴һЩĹʶڳΪҲãֻҪ̫ƽҲں

ɣҲûеת⻰С˼ֻ˵ͷǣףλǧ»ϸ顣
ӦһҲû˵вС

ֻɣһԴһͷ־𣬡ӣԶչͶüʹһ죬˵Ҫ޺ˣǧˣǾܰȥסˡ
Ȼǵļ磬׵𸮾ססڹڶĻʹˡ

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Ѷ֦÷˰Σ÷õǲ

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ὫĳʳݸȥͬǷַ֡ĿҲϣû뵽ȻԷЩʱղûҹǶûλϢջڴȹ

ᣬҲܸˣᣬˡ

˵ͷҷȥն֣˵Ѿ˳ǣҾ͸˹

ʵλǣ

һʱ֮䣬Ҳ֪νѡ

ɣ֪ʱҲߵߣյĿᡣ
Ϊλ
֮ǰΪӵ᲻٣ɶԷ˿ͻȻ֣Ǿˡ

𡣡ѻһҲͬһȹֵĺͳʳģ㲻ؽš
ǲΪԷ

æԲ˵ûͳʳġͬԼˣæͶֻǡɲÿաȻҲˡ
˵䣬Ŷѵľ⡣
᲻Ǳ˾˲ʱ˶Էݣһ񣬡³Ǳ˾ǧᣬ³ͻ뿤¡

ѱǴȹ֣˲ض񡣡

ǱȺ˸ŵˣ㡣
̾˿Щ޻ͦϲء

ЩΣкһ˵Ҫˣһɢȥá

ֽȥһأ̳ѵлл

֮Ͷѣл֡Ѳ

Ϊñ˾ǧˣôȹ֡
ֶθȻûȹйϵ

ʱѾ쵽ʱȹֵǶѾʼ÷վڴȹöիա
Ҳá˳ƴӦˡ






13.  ѡ   ׽棩Ҵ

£ñ˾Ʒǧˣߣؼש޲ǽϵƶ˵һ¶
˾Ǹʲôط˽ġ
Ͷʮͷĵطǧ书ֶȻǳ˲ɱġرϻմѪѪˣľԽ䣬Ҳ¶ɷ
ƫƫ˿̣ȹֵǵһһϲҲתתȥæ

ƷԹǧٹ֡

ɣҲһæٶȵǼ죬ҲͬϵļãۼǽϵĲƴͿҪ޺ˡ

мնлæĸм

ҡҡͷ˿

£˴ȹֵȹֵЩޣܲһֱס˴գҲֻȥʮҴģʣµĶЩޡȥǼ޾չ˵ġ

˵ûҲֻסЩʱգЩӻᱻؼңЩӵȹ˶죬ͻԼȥһơ
ȹֵǲÿ޶ˣҲѾԼŬܺúõĽÿһܻ˶סͳȥѾʵס

ЩģҪҰæĵطܸҡһ֮һȹ֣ЩҲʲô¡

֮⣬ȴЦҡҡͷĺ⣬ˡ

ЩĸֻܿԼȥ
ǳˣȴҲǶ˺쳾
˼ҵĺǳԺȲ˼ҵĺȴѧѧһ֮ȥ

Ц˼ǲˡҲĿԣֻǵ׼ЩСޣԼСȱԴĲ̣պܰæҲ֡

˵䣬ͷɻҲҪѾɡ

ʣͬǧʶ

һԣŷ飬ҲĿųģֻ֮£ˡĲø֪

һשǿʼԷʰϵʯӣǶ
ԺӲҲѾǶ˵Ļ˽ȥ

ʮ̹ȻͶڽͷ
ǰסڴȹ֣ҵñ常ϰƾ˱˾ӴԺȻҲһʣǰǸ¶Ҳûкζĵط
ĸⲢĴ

ǰµЩ˿Լ̹Ȼ˵ҲԾȡ
ƼľȣЦЦЦʱűЩĮ˼

򴽣ǰ⣬ֻʵǳ𣿡

æʱżæ

չʱãɫģžҪѩˡ

˿һû˵üǰѣʱˣҲûȥˣˣǾҪعˡ

仰ѣͬҲᣬʹ̬תΪü˵ûڴ˵ض

صҲá

һߵȹ⣬СಽĸţĿʹѻ֡

ÿӣͬǵҲһվмᣬ˵ͷ

ŽΧסСѾͷҲͬ׽þδ㿪ˣ磬ϲ𣿡

ջĿ⣬ûش
˰Σˣס𣿡
ǼĻ׷׵ͷ

*
̫ǧ磬ڶһգǸҪĽ̫󲻻ŮǷԸѻعȥ

ǰһǮҵһ⣬ֻЩ޶ùЩɱƴǡ

ţҲûƴǣл

ŵ˻ع
*
һ²ѣ̫ˣѳľģģ˵ͷ

˵ȥն˼⡣
֪ԼĶ𣿡

򴽣Ҳն˼⣬̫˵һ£ԾԼûдĵط
Ϊ޴
ɣɶشһ̫

ֻ̫Ŀ㵱治Լд

ӭĿ⣬ǡ

ŮʷŹϢ˵⣬ֻ˵

Ҳ̫ͬȦӣֱԵףĸӾ˸İţѼ޸˭ѱ޸˭
Ҳʱ̫ƽ¡

̫ףΪβԸ

ѲĿ⣬Ϊպ£ѾҲûסݰգסݻٴγΪ˸µ۵жͳ˺լеĳֻĸˣΪһöͱݵӣʱɻͿ̿ȴֻš

Ҵ·ѡɻѡһ·

̫þû˵ֻһ¯̿ʱʱķľ̿ը졣

ˣ·Լѡġ

ڵȵɿڵĻѷģǣѵĹ

̫ЦЦܽ۵ӣԸŮ

¸Ǻã

ɲףͳЦ

򴽣֪˼ҹ߰ͷǰһ̬ȣСǻҪĸ⡣

⻰˵ЩûûƤ̫ҲҴСϷֻ˰֣طϢ





14.     ԸԸһݡ

վ˽ŲɫĿǰˣ֡

һ֮ɫЦǳǳҸպҪȥĸ밲ôá

ֵЩûÿȥ˲٣ǰЩӸյЩѣЩʱ˸
׵л֡

̤˳ٹĵţѼ÷ֵķȥЩ÷֦ƿ

һ·һˡ
Ļӡ
ͣ£ͬһأĻӴͬͬüƣ۽üҶư֡
ҪͬѽãȴҲΣֻѵ˵ͷЩӣƻᣬÿͬһȥơ
ΣȴҲЦŵһǵÿգұضȥ

նֳ˴¾飬ѾԼЩӦҪ򽻵ӡ
ٹգȵ˸گλ֣Ҳٲǰ

̫ǧ磬Ȼǰĺ֡
̫ϷĿյѰ˸µĽ˴
⣬²̨ͤ¥ˮժǸҲԶҹãҹϷǵ㡣
һʱ£ߣȥժǸǡ
˴գüҲûпȰ衣 
ͼСժǸȥˡ
ҹ˶ڴ̫Ϸ·߹Ĺ˶ܺá

ۼҪժǸˣһţȴһ˵

֪ϲô꣬ΪʲôǲϴӦȢҡ
һŮӵгԹ벻ġ

Ѳɵͣ˽Ų
üǰһߵǻȥɣ
ѵ˵ͷҲˡ

ҪȥժǸƱҪǰˡ
ЩźҲǰԧĲʱ֮

תŻ˽ŲҪ뿪һ

֦Ҷ֮Ůα򳼶˷񡣡

Ҿϲ㣡

ѲطŻ˽Ųϲͱ˵飬ǽǣҲǿһģرǽǵĶʶ

ߵδüͬĿ⣬װǿ羰ʵ͵

źͷ˻˵

Ӧ֪ûɻ
Ƕ֮ˣֵù˷ػꡣ
ϳ˳ɣٵˣһԵ
ΩԸ꣬
˵⻰ʱ̫ƵǸûҪ˲Լֻһƽ¡

ԭЦ˼ţ˿ǵЦҲ⵭ȥ

Ѿ˵Ȼ˿̲ƣһ󸸻ʣΪѰҽĲκõģ̡

ٲȻʼΣ˹ֵá

̣ΪβӦѾſǻ

һιɣɲԾ£䣬Сӣͷǻȥɡ

ŷιһ

̾˿˽Ų

һǿЩѽ˵䣬˹š

˷׷׿ãȻƬ̣Ѿֹס㡣

ʲôɫ͵Ķ˭˿ˣҲǸ֮

ЦЦҹ壬ȥժǸƬҹǧĸ

˻ĬվһԣǸոԣ۽΢΢죬һ˫ҹҲĿ
ѲƳһۣߣˡ

Ůǰһ߲֪˵ЩʲôֻһȥˣЩˣȻعˡ֮ŮֲڸǷŭһȥ

ѲùԶȥժǸȥ

˻ʱ˻л

ֻ·ѣӵĻҿס
˻ǳĴһ˫۴ǳǳЦ⣬·իպ꣬һ͡
һ㶣ͣ˽Ųʵļٵģ
˻üۣġ
֪δִЩ΢춯˻ֵˡ

˾ڴ˱һߡ

ժǸͻȻ׼Щ㣬պ￴ꡣҪպ᲻ꡣ
ӣ㻹ŹӵĻѽҪպûô죿ɣɲš
ʱ򿴿֪ˣϻؿ꣬Сʱأ𣿡
ӿûһ꣬ڴԭϿǣѽ
Ͷ˰ûǰϡ

ֻü磬ԹһΪ͹Ӵͻ飬ֺαΪһʱӽΧأ
üеǣ;ӳǳѾŵ£պ󻹲֪Ҫʹٰӡ
Ѳ⣬޷㲻õġ
һʱΪ˻ΧòѾҪˡ 

ڴպꡣǳ٣պữһ׷׽
üˣΡ
뵽ʲôһ㣬ַԸҹ֮£㲻ظ߰ŮʷҲὫ͸¶ȥ
üһǡ
̫źģճˣҲŮʷ㱨ǰҲӲܴ£ȴԸ
ѿԶǣпôãûܾܹȻȲϳݵĴԭǣ磬һ޼ʵİ졣·ܵ쾡ͷȥ

üȥݵգ

*
Ϸţ˻֪ʱѾصϯϣһȾƣζûгԳ˹ЦոȥĶôŻǿ޹һ

˻¾ƱһϯŸλãЦЦȥ͸͸ˡ

ԳɵĿַۣ˲²⣬ת˵£Ҹոȥ鷿϶˵ʲô

˻ѣ˳Ļʣ˵ʲô

Գϣѵ¶ЩãȻ;ᣬƬ̺ſڣȻңȢҲԣҵȥŮ˵˵ôóȥŮ
ʵ̫ĵԳţıϺꡣ
Ҫ֪ѶˣҲô񶾵ķӰɡ
Գ߷߲ƽ

˻ЩΣС壬ԡ





15.  ƻż   һ׽棩

ǧգѡļգ˳˿ֵȼ˴һҾŰپʮĺڡžò֣ըĺֽǷɻ׹ɷǺÿ

Ŷ俴һȼ˽µĻ裬̤˸Уȣ񡭡
æµ˴գѷȥ鷿ɿüű߽鷿ĺѾǼ⣬ĿĿ

ѽӹĿһأݸպþˣλ͹¿׼
üЦŵͷǣˡ
æĽŲմأüȴһƣ룬ſ˹ٲڹﲻ˵˸д£ſеճˣβˡ
üȥ£ɣûɵ˽

ѷеźˣЦôǣȥǮ˭ɫ˲ɣ
ͷһգҪ˶ݣѽǮ齻ɣɣǸɵ¶
ȥǻﻰⶼ˵ûüܸɣü˴£ƹܸˡЩʵڲɣӶ

ü̾ŵһգϵ˾ͰסС˼ʼĶ

Ϊأʵ

ɣɲЩǲ̫СӣͬӵĹϵ
ֲǸɵӣѲɻ˼ʶ˵Ļȥͬ𣿶ңȷʵûüܸɰһֻźһˣͬûϵ

ʧЦͨΪλҪ

ɣӻΪǰ˿ûôෳ¶ء
ŵһգӵĹϵ˼Ǵ

ѿο˽͢ŵģ񵽵˭δ֪

ӣǸô죿ɣʱͽ

ЦЦһ˫ǽǵ¶˺βͣǡ

ɣԷģͷնֻ۾ʦ

۾ʦն֣æ˽뵽ǰ

հ¾ӣûʲô͵ģֻΪһ顣۾ʦЦŽһ춹ľݸѣϻзǰ̴ζž
л֡
۾ʦֵĽҲΪȹֵĺлգǳƻᣬ˲ٻƲμӵƻᣬ뿤յÿգɷ͵ƣ

Ӧˣû۾ʦ˺չʾƵĵַԼʱһȥơ

һظˣѾ֦ͷڻ¯ߣͻȻʲôˣڽʲô

üԻƬ̣ǹߵķзצѾ˻ڻСأҪ˽鷿

ҡҡͷַ飬ˣзצϲϲ£鷿վˡ
ǲ£ת˲ͽԺ

*
ƻգˣѳƲ͵Ƶ͵Ĵ˴Ӳų

Ѿҹķ϶Ѿ˵ƣֵĺܡһȺҲۡ

ü߽߱͵ÿ궼ϴˮϰһƻᣬаգݸߵֻͣҪμӻƱͷԪգĻƣ빬Уùй档
ԣÿĳƻᶼһСʢ¡
ֹǳĸ·̷ѫңԸüūյƲμӵƻᡣ궼и˼ʵĻƿμӵƻİҲֵڽյ͵ƣҲЩϲĻƷŵԪá

ѻ˲ʱ䣬ߵȹֵĺչʾƵĵططЩƫƧֻһùͺͺһȺСڽƹ֦ϡ
Ǹʮ꼶СżСЩڴ˰ڵơ
ڴȹ֣СִСŮޣֽ˵ţѻǵ㻽֣ɡ
ɵĹϲĿˡ
СҲߵǰɵͬ

һЦ⣬ǽһͺá

ɻĺܣźĺŽ㣬ѿĻơ

ЩõĲѰȴܾϸǼ֦ĥĹ⻬ޱȣֵõֽϻáèͼ
һյƿ治Щ𣿡
Сͨ죬ǲửϵͼնֵʦǻġ
նֵıǣǳˣҹǲƻᣬǻŴȹֵڻϻЩͼҲüǮȹֵĻ

ɴһԵı¨УСȡһյյһĲͬԥؾͽƵѣ㣬յ͸
һյ֦ľǼܣý׵˿֣˿ֻ϶ͼĻƣһǻ˲ٹƳɵġ

û£º͵Ҳ㲻罫ȥμӵƻ϶øΣ˵ֻҪ㲻øΣҲüǮء
ͷǴȹֵĶˣһյƻ¡

ǵ࣬һº͵ͳ𣬡¡

Ǿϲıˣ磡

ҲתЦЦԷûϵˣȻһ˲Ҳ¶ǳǳЦ⡣
ҹϴˮϣЯͬΣЩǰԪڵ˼

ɣԭĬ˸󣬴˿̼״̾˿ԸãֵԵüһ˱ĬԶЩ
ȺӣҲɽкȥǵĻơ

֮·һ磬ͷָ⡣

Ƭ֮ѿ˿ڣű˾һ׮˽ҹôпճ͵ƣ

оȣҲ֪£
˾ǰ׽òݴʷ볤С
Ѳһ䣬жţ˵ݴʷ̰˾ãķᡣ

ɣһԵȵЩģɴݻͬɣ˵л磬ͬԵˡ룬λ˶ȻҪҵˡ

ɣĿһۣܴЩӲ֪ʡġ
ɣɴһЩҲӦ֪ҹⳡżҲԵΪ֮

磬ôҡɣɲ䲻Ҷ˽ѽ
ɣ̧Դˣˡ

üվһԣö˵пУЦλ˹ͬоû˸ϵĸҲͶԵ˵˿ЩĽġ

ѾͬϴˮϣĬĬزԶĸȥ





16.  ƻż    ģСޣء

ŸչʱڣǾǰŽϵ̵ҲҪŴѩ׷ɵûҲɢ
֪ʱƮСѩ·ȴѩ׷ӿϴˮֵĵطǰմһŲһ˻ͭͻһöǩΪϲĻͶǩǩԽߣƾϲңڹ涨ʱڣһֱλãʤ

Ѻֽͷ϶ñѹסԼĴ
ᷢС̧ۿǰɵĺܣչй˾ҲⳡƻᡣһԻɣһ˿
ǲⷽ˿档
ãл㡣ѺЦӹ˿ڣס°ҹ֣ġˣˡ

ϵڣĻӾ̧۳վĵطɫֱ䣬ͬ˵˼䡣
󣬱ģ߹˸ǧЦյɣڴ˴ˣүһ
ֿѣλǣ

ᳯǰ˰벽ס˴룬Ǹ䵭ˣĻĸҲ飬ĳСã䣬ȥү밲
ź뿪ܾλСã˫Ķ˹ˡ
ԶˣѱȥǣٹҲҪظˡ
ԥһϢڣϲƣԪ£Ը㿤ͻơ
Ԫڣơ
ãǣá

Ļһ߽һԲ¥ɣǰӣǻظȥ𴦹䣿

νȥ£ɣɶֹסĺ棬̿ˣҪͬһҹĵ˭
ʱЩϵĻƣλ˲Ϣ䣬ۼĻһգ۾ͱ任һΣͷʮּҡ

ϵĻϸһ飬ɣҪͶյƷ˽ǵơյƻڵ㣬ûм˿С

ɣȴϲϲüȥǩ̨ͭ帶ңҳɵҪһյ
յλò̫áһ㣬ɾͽˡ

ɣɼᶨػҼеľõģҾͶˡ
д˺ǩȥˣǩųյƷ˽ǵһȥ
ɣεӣ㲻طӡ
СѶɣɣ˶ɳѸ٣ֻɣԻż档

Ѳİ˰֣ٶһкηҲյܰεͷ
ɣٶ໰ֻһԲһ㣬ߺȲߵȽ

ԽԽͶǩֽı任ŻƵλá
ֻյƷͼһ޶
ۼһҲҪյͷˣźģߵ׼ʤߡ
˽Ϣӣ˭ҡ
յϲ˲࣬Ҳա

ɤӣ
ͻȻȺ˿˿ڣҵȵȡ
˿˵ˡ
˵ģߵҸǰҼүûͶǩأңɻϵͶǩ
Сպýס
ɫһ䣬æЦֵ㻹δȼأȻϵϣ֪үͶյ
Ѷ˲һ٣λôˣ
ֻԳأȴ֪λ˿гƵүλ֮֮ˣر۶סԺҲ˸ҹ
ҺλүȻƣҲûʲô治֮¡

˷׷óһԳǰ
һ۾ͿԳˡ

Ŀ
ȺУ֪˭಻ס飬һǹӣ

ӣ
ӣ
Щƽѵһ˻ŮӣȺڸ£ʼлӵЩԽԽ㣬Բ¥ŵĿҲ׷̽ͷ

Ŀŵ˲⣬Ⱥ˵ͷһּ˾

ɣɽͰ͵ӣտÿǿۡ

һڲ裬̾ӳ̫ڣҲôֺջˮ˼˶Ϊ֮

Գߵ£ɨתʣ̣˵Ͷյƣ
ŽĻƣࡣ

æǣ˵ҪͶյСдǩ

˾Ϳ˻Ͷյ

˻һЦҿȿ

æˡ
˻ͷضϵĻơ
˿ʼ׷ѡյ

ɣҲס棬ӣ˵ӻѡһյ
˼һ˲˿ѡյҲı䲻˽ȻѡһöǩڵĽûӰ졣
ԣ˼һѡ֮󣬱˷׷׻ǩǽɾѶˡ
׷˻ĳ̶ȣѾ뷨ǶԵġ

˻ƶ϶ѡһյ
յζѾӮͷѡ׼

˻ϻƶһأͣ½Ųڵҡ
öǩһ֧ˣɶԣ
æǵȻѾȼǩһöҲ˲ͷϵĺҺùӸ̨ףȻһҪ˶ǩƻ񲻳һЦ
ͶյƷһǩ

˾ĬƬ̣󱬷ۡ
ôͶյأ
յʲôõģҼͼѡ
ôԽԽã۹϶
֪ҲͶյˣʱͬ˵Ҳ˵Һ͹۹һġ


ɣɼӣѡͶյ
˭뵽յ˿õĵƣȻֹһ˿У
˵۹õġ
ûش˿̾ȵĲУô⡣

˺ǩϧǩǲյƷɲܸһ㡣
ԳĿ̣ôѡյ᲻˺Ρ
˻¶һ˿ǳЦҾԢ⼫ãƷġ

ƻ˽껨ͷյ˵ĻƣӦĿŶԣ˿ȴ͡Գͬ˻һ뿪˽ǰΧյƷƣ
̾Ϊֹ





17.     Ǿ

չ˵ƻ֣ѱܿȺƧȥ
ɣһ·̲סпӣյƾǧ
ǼԩͷҲûԩͷѽһյͨĻۣΪǱӿеģ
üأ˿ȴҲ飬˵ǳֻҪǹеĶüǮ

һЦⳤǵĵնȥ
ִ˼̵Ƶĵҽһţʮ£ܾͳµһĸˡ
ǻԺи֣˵Ȥ
һǰ£˵һ䡣
ġ
̾һġĸ˵á
˾ȻͬǷƷͼʱðĵһͷͬġ
ѣθóƵһ֪ˡ

*
ƻַΧ·𻹳ڳĸطϰջϲڵ׼˿Ѿʼ

һյɣϢ

ɣ˾ڴѦʿ֤ʣ˿λѲͬѦܺ
ݴʷѦʣ̰ʮݾã۴ŭگɱ˾ʡ

ֻǣ˾˸յλУλȴ鷿ѦʿеźδѲ
޶֤˾ָʹ빬
һҲѾϵӣŭⱱ˾УλͬЩݹϵλһӵ
Ϊ³òɿ

̾һǺܿ졣
˾ǰŸȥμңλѾ𺣣Ѧ̰īһֶ

λһҲǿӵһۡԪˣƱػһʱš
ƻڶʱڷת䡣
ʿٵֽдš

λһ˾μ˶ץگ󡣡

ɣֵݽڶʹʮѪ飬ڽ͵ǰҪ͢Ϊݱһ
ЩݱΪ˷Ĵȴһֱûа취ȫ
Ѧ̰īҷ֪ЩѦʿʮѩԹ𣬾Ķǳֻ͢䡣

ҲѾگǲǧǰЭ˷ˡ
з飬ϱҪҪλ򣬿ѹ»Ϊλݱ
˽֪ݱ£ֻһˣǧݾȥݣ¶˻һʰ

ѰɣĻ㱨ҲѾдڣŵݸɣ𣬡㼴̣ͬϣһһ֪塣

ɣȴûӣЩӣ²ᰲ»ڳ񽫾Ƕ°űȥš
һȺϺ꣬ŷ֪ζͻȻҪݵǧ˾ͻȻȺϺѾ֪Щʲô

Ѱ˰֣ڳʲôΣգǲӣȥ֮ҪСġ
ɣһİΣΪҪһס
ó˿ֵƣݸɣ𣬡ھ̣ȥϣǾ
ɣɫһӹƣӦǱæȥ

鷿Ҳûдá
ɣߺ󲻾ãƿšͷԺѾ˺һѩ׵ֱۣԺǽ֮Ҳ˺һѩ
ŰããһƬƬ̣˲١
Цóž׼ӣѩ죬һŻů͡
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ŮӦǣȥˡ

üڳʱ˽׽˻
ڴõϣһڣڵϵˡ
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ڳвУǶȥ
ڵϵӶɸһ㣬޵£ūԩǶ̵ǳϵȵģūżȻӣȻҪʵУԶȥ˳Ƕ뵽һֱ˸ץ˻

ѱʳˣ˵Ŀģ
æǰ˵ȷʵûǶ̵õġ
˼ңҪӣ඼ȥ⡣
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Ѿȵ𣿿ˣΪҪȥǶЩʲô
Ӱū澶Կ޶ġĺģһ̾Ҫ֤ס

ѹ˹ǣԸǻɰ󡣡

⽫׽ַŵһϷ룬˶ûпס
ˣõɣڿڣӣǲ⣿
ʵڲףֻǽհͻȻ븮뿪֮ǰֻüһҪ¶ӵĻӲ뿪ԣȴͻȻ븮
ֽץַš
ǰūͿ⡣
ɣһʱͷ۵ĺܡ
ޱֻѵĶˣͻͷۡ
ֻһ㣬Ҫء

򴽣ЦȻ⡣
˵˻ԼȴûһʱӦ
վܼ

Ǹÿʼֽ©ɸһĿúôһأصϵĿɲֹһˡ

ӱץֱ˵飬۷׷׿ôͻȻԳѣԼԺһ˰Σȴ̻̲գΪ֤ף˵һ仰ʱıϺëڴϷȥ˯ž

һҹշתߣ˵ڶգ˳󲡡

¿ü㱨£ҹ﷢˺֢ǲˣüҪʱؼңǵŲһסţ
⺮ĺ֢ˣͲˡ
üֵúõģô˲
ӵС˾šµ
üüͷȥʾѣҰɣ˵ίؼҺúЪš

æл˶ȥʰӵӻؼҡ





18.  Σո   Ӧúܸ˲Ŷԡ׽桭

ŵ߻̿ůģ̲סϹĺ顣˻Լ壬ִһö壬þδӣһʱ˷ֲĸʯ
ǹü۵ȴһ
֪鲻ãٹգǴүļա
ͬү˫ӣǰͲ˲ӳһģһᣬԯޣһȣһƤֵܶ˸һáرǴү۰ľͬܵܣ֪𣬾ʹš
˵ĸȥ磬˺үмң۰˻ˣҲֳֻͬˡ

ԴүزÿأͳѰʱ
һתЦӣ¸ոںԺƼʲô
ǽԺĻѩûĽŲӣҲںԺϰյԺûˣطֹҪô徻
ֻԺͬڿ͸һ
ʱ춯ſǽͷ⿴һͿ˿Ŵ˹תš

˻ɫڽ¡
ʮݺߵϣڰɫʯӴȴֲַʤ
̾˿ԼͬԼ壬ôֳܷһߵأ
ĵĽϵӼƽҲ¡

ǸƢˣ˿ˣ꣬Ȼ֪Ϊүս鲻ãͬ˵æ·ںӿٹĺܡ

˻ԭƵķӣ⻰ڿ

˻ģҲӣ룬Щ֮ˣͬ˷گǲǧݾǰȥйء

˵ɣʹһǰݣ񽫾ϡ
ӣ˵ôġǲ֪Ѿ˶ˣ֪Ҳ£
Ƿû׵ĵطԼɣ֧ߣԭΣյĴǻø

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Ƭ̣ӽУʯһ졣 

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ӱӵ˭ѲںҪȥϢ֮Ѿѡˡ

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ǰ幫ҲǱԸŮܹ⿪Ľᣬǰ

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жģӦж໶ϲŶԡ

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˫ۣã֮ɫȥô£ֽ˿СϣѹЩѽ㺡

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ȥԺѾӰΧסвūԺǰ̽ͷ￴

˸æ밲
ҲýȺɢ
ֱ߽ԺУͿǺѾѹֽţ죬ɫãȻΧȻҲףΪԼͻȻץס

ߵԣݻ˵ӣֻкбû֮ˣӦǱκֱӽԺġ
һ㶣ץģ
¶Щɫǣǻûü֣׷ϴˡܣֻ˵ıӰ׷ȥʱѾʧ

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ѹΪ֮뻹ץһβ

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᰾˻ѹԥӣ˵㼣ڸԺ⡣
ǹ˼ұԺסŹ˼ӡ
Ѿ㼣Ĩȥû˷֡
Ҫȥڲ飬ֻǴӹ˼ߣǹ˶֡
仰лɹ˼в֮⡣

һ˲˰ֵ²Щ˵¡

ʣӣǴδã
˰󣬻δʹ
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ԺūԭǽͷӶ˵ʲô˾ĸ֣ԼĬˡ

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վԺˣԭе΢΢üͷ¶˾֮ɫ
鶼õĽš
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һױǺ˿Ĵֲȡ£ҧԾ㽫°жˡ
˱ж°ͣ˵塣썆
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˾ֳɵĿǲ⻰˼ 

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ͷŲüҲæݴˡ
ǣͷ֪ˡ
˽Ǵӱ˾׺ڽۣǰѺһƹű˪¶͸گѪ˲ԾҪرܡ
Ŀʱһ֡

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ǡѾڿ⣬±㽻ɱ˾
ˡ

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ƫͷеĹвαһů
ֻҡҡͷЦҺòײŵ˾˸Ķ׼ӹסôܰȥأ
˵⻰Щڴǧλش
ǧͷЩ⣬Щ⡣
Ƭ̺Щӣ˱İΣ
ҹˣȻȥϢ
ʣµ飬ᴦ

üۣЭǧᣬɣ뿪ԺԺ
ɣŷ裬˵ӣ˶ģոպͬ˵ˣһȥ˾˾׼ٻǰ˵˵æλһѾҹۡ

򴽣ô¡
ɣֵӣ˿϶ҪҵǸˡ
أûش





19.     ҸӴš

ѵ˳ٹ̫ҹ㸮н

Цôһ£Ѿץס˾Ѿִ£ĸġ˵⻰ʱǲ⡣

̫Ѿʼ˽ŮӣǸû¶һ㣬ȴ̲סзֹ⺢ӵô⸱첻µزµģ
ֻǼ⣬̫ЪҪǰȥ˵˼

̫˰֣ˣ⣬ҾͲˡ

ˣȥɡ

ˣȥ
磬빬Ϊ¡ػ⣬ĵ˿֮ϲ˸裬Ҳϲ֡ػʱֵĺܡ

˼Ƚдԭء
΢أɣɫ˼䣬ѹԼеŭӣѩҲûվڵȺĵ

֮ǰŮŻ죬ɫԴǸ⣬
ŹŮػ͵ĻѾ˲ٹ㣬ֹסЦԿ

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ҪԷſɡ
ƣ

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ĸ־Ͳûдϡ
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̫գǡʹ˻ΪβȢһ¡
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вźЦ
ôô˳ۡ

һԹ㿴ңҿ㣬˿˿ڣſҹ˾ȥˣɻã

ѳ˵ĹһЦ޴󰭣лġ

ѳٴο˿ڣһ˵ǧԴȥв鰸ʲôֵǧģ

⻰һɫѿ

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˾Ҫɺ˲鰸ܾġ
ţҸн£ֵùٸ˲飿
ҴС֣Ҳþٸ

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һҪ˵ЩʲôȴԵӣ츽ߵӣ侲ЩǻҪʿ𣿡˸ˣƴ˿̬̿ȣֻ»䶤ӡ

ȴ̲סд̵˵ǺЩɣҹﲻǹˡ

ǻɡ

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ΪҲϲ̣Բԣ

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ʶ࣬ĴĿͬ
ͬ˼ұԺһǽնв
Ҫ֪ʲôǵġ

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ϵˣ׾پܱһס
Լ⼸оһ㣬ʱ˿̣пԹ̫̣ЩͻƵĸݸȴת˲ţδץסʧ

⻰ŭ˵һΣ

򴽣ȷԼ£ҲȻôϲ˸Ϊͬͻ飿
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Ϊβ˸ΪβӦ㡣
ѻ໰˵˵պٲͬϲϲӵĻһ˿ɫ˵ģͷȻ˼֮顣
ǼΪģô
ҲԼҲˡ
Щƹһأ̻˶
׵£Ҿȸˡ

أͿ͵Ļ˵ˡ

˿ɣɷﲻס˵ӣػ˵Ƿ̫ˣڵضûС
ӣ϶̣ǱСͱ̧ͷˣݵĿݵҫ۵ǿ飬׵ľסˡ

ѽͷΣЦǷҲΪ
ҪҪֻһӲйΪϲ㣬ܽ׸

ɣùᣬк෢һ߶߶Ĳ⣬ӣ˵ȻϲӣΪβɴԸӻˣٿҲܹӡ

žԼҹͬǧվʱ̸
ԭڴķӦǧȴûи
Ƭ̺˱˭֪أ

ͷú᰽ݸдõļӣȥڴţ˵ͬӼһ档ˣšֽո£һʱЩ飬ͬ˻ǣĶࡣɻֲΪҪأ
ЩҪͬ˻˵˵
ᰵͷûɣǰУɣڴˣ̿ϧͳ˿ԺǽϷ˹˼ұԺĺԺ

Ŀԡ

̾Ȼϵúᰣм顣
ԭ˻һ׼ŵԭûæǷСֵܣҷˣǸڿ֮ˣӴţҼҿױʡ

֪Լ˭Ϊεͷȥˡ
˿¶·̲סˣô֪Ƿ
ͬɣͳݵһ֪ǹ˻ţֱӿڵ

һǸɣǲС

ź᰼˻Ⱥһߣŵӣ³ǳ֡

˻һۣк֡
ոȥ˾ʱ˻ǰæץǺˣǶһ١ԭҪھӣڿӻСΪϣھֻֻǰز

̧ͷ˹˻üۣСʣӣҪռ
ɲɣڿԼ˴үͬ˻
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˻ĿѾڸдõļ֮ϡ
һһ겻֪֮ͬµǸ˵һ¡

ר׼˼һ¡

ֹգһ۵С뿪˿ʻǵķ

ɣɵÿӳͷӣ˵ΪԼǵֵط·ôǻƧúܣǰߣƼ˹·ء

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һͬҽ֮£ɻǵùӵλֳǺʱȥģ
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΢ɲʱ򣬿Ŵ⾰˲²⡣

ȳͣ£ӣǵˡ

ǴĸֵļªСԺСԺԵһƬɰأ˿ڣɣ㽫Ǽɫȡҡ
ɣ䲻⣬ȴҲ
ѻ磬ȹסߵԺš
ԺֻһλţæүҪһܻ

򴽣Ѿ˴˵أҲûװ֪ţָ·ɣҲȥ
һ㡣





20.  ع   㽫ĸ˱ˣȴ

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汻ѩǣֻһѩɨȥ¶·һǰĹδ裬һԷǰƮԶ
ǰһˣһ£岻ãŵ̬Ĳ԰ףһ³ĵø
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֪˶ãһỺؽŲת

ֹס˽ŲǰˣޱĹ
ǰ˲˫ͺЦۣ˿̾иһ˿ãȻǰ˲֪ΪλͻȻ֡

룬ǳֵ̫ͻ
ȻѾ֪ʲôӣĹƽδı棬ҲԵһҲȫԵ

סһǰȥ΢΢̧ͷǰϰͷˣ㡣
ǰ΢󴽱߸Ц⣬ùá

ѱ£Ļ⽫֧ȼ
ز֮ˣأֻһƬɽҰ֮䣬ڴ˵֮ҲǼįĺܡȥ֮˳ߴ˵أŵ˼Ŵ˾ָǺأ

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ƫͷˣԷɫѲ֮⣬һƬ

򴽣ǸҲֳ֪աһܻͬ˻

˻ºһЦ޷궼ֻһҲܸˡ
˵⻰ǰ紵̾˳ŷ˸ת
˻ǣЦȴֵܿȥ

ӽڰ

ָץĦţҪ˵Щʲôο˵Ļȴڿ˻ƽʱͷ
ˣǰˣѾڴ˾ʮһ꣬ͬĹӡ
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Щο˵Ļڴ˿̺Ե̫԰ûаãǴѡ
ͬ˻ĹϵҲû⵽µķϡ

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˫ӣһģһʹţʱʱ̿Ȿͬһ𳤴ģѪкÿһ꣬ÿһջ᳤ʲôģ
أ

˻΢΢ۣºʵط˵
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ƫͷһ۹˻־ΪطŻѡֳڴˡ

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ûлˡ

һ䣬ֻܲΪ㳤úÿɣ
һ˵òʧȥڵһ졣

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˼ȥȴˡ
Ϊ¼̫ת⡢ȴֲʹԹͬλĦĻӳΪѣԼز

ҰС̵ңǼŹ֮㽫ĸ˱ˣȴǻġ

ҡ

˻һֱ˵š
Щ棬־ͬǰĹΪ˴һ
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ͺڤڤ֮УԷ־Ϊ˸Ǹʲôˡ

ѿŹ˻۾ԷרעĿ˵ĻҲǺУôˡ

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ΪͼŻͬ˽á

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ˣһôûأ
ǹ˻Ǹ̫ɱ˵۾
ֻһֻȡ

ЩʲôΪҲδǣʱ˿ָߡ

չ˻ܾ˵Ǿĳûмû˻˵̫ȻѾԼݣ

򴽣˻۾˵һ仰ҿʱ롣

˵໰һڲɤɵɣÿؼ˹˻֮ǻﰵ˵ţ˻˼̫͸ҪСġ

˻ЦЦ˿ڣԭˡ
ǽ⿪ĳһ㣬ü۶˻Ȼ֮⡣
Щ԰׵һ

кι˻ֿѣԷʵл˵ڣΪķΣ⡣
̹˵ô໰ȴƫ˶ԣ۵һС¡

Цл֪ĳ

Է̫ϣͽȻ˲˼û˼곤أ˼ǸʲôˣʵЩ̫ϺͲ֪ôˡ

ȻҶӲ˽⣬ЩҵƬ֮ʶѣӲȥ

˻ЦδɢȥЦֺͬǰЩͬ͸¶Щ΢硣

ؼƮ˶ëѩ
ŲͷȥȲʹ˼ѩ޶˼ɢ֮⡣
һ䣬ѩˡ
˿̴ѩһȥ·òˡ

˻ûѩֻЦǳǳ
ѲתͷĿԣ΢Ƭ̣ҲЦ





21.  Եǳ   ¯ѩ˾Żá

ɣɴѩеĶˣᰣڸأŲӣ޲˶˺ëİԺȻůͣȴĵĺܣϾͬ˵ĻҲס
ų˵˵
û뵽ͬ˱䡣

סԷһУ˳жһȭֵܺõ

źᰵһƯĺշأյʣЦЦ¶СشǺù򡣡
СζȺ᰿ȥ࣬ж֮䶼żĴѩҲļ䵥η庮⣬ձȹһ䣬ƺһ

ɣɶ˺һô˶͵ɣ书жá

ߵߣСʵö˶˵ôͬ˱ˣͬӵ£žλˣ߸ŵСӣ嵥ʱ絹ôҲǸǿģƽΪĥīͯɡ

ᰲŶͷϵĺͬ˴һ泩ѣȵúܣⲻ÷Сֵұͬдд衣
ɣһ۷ʣӮˣӮˣ
Ϊһ㣬ƽְɡҲɣĸպã˽ڴһ䣬ΪʵѾҪ³ˣٱȥҪϼˡ
пС꣬ѾãȵͣСϰ֮ˣ׶ԱԼˣøС
ɣɺɣģ
һ𳤴ģ֧֧ᣬɲģܾź顣

ѣҲ˲Զ˵ֻǶԷ˵ݻһ䶼ûǸӳɾԲѾͷʱʱĿоͲµ˴ţСѾͷֹģ˵ɡ
Щ棬СѾͷ鿴ȥһ

ͳţ޲ͬشһžŹˡ

޲ɣΪԺȻӹ˻ǵȻǰ޲жӻ·𣬾ͻϰ䡣
ڣ֪˶̣Ϊ߽գ޲ж͵ѧʹǹûһث֡

˵һᰶ̲סһԴɣ˵Щǫ˰ΪԷĿˡ
ѾͷҲΪϲһĻţȻһ۶ûеģҲ֪Զٿͷ

Ц˵ǣҲ˵үٵж࣬򾫱ֿסһս£˭˲֪˭˲
صǳĿޡ
ʮ꣬游꽫һսжеӢۺú˭˲һ㣬ʷ
Ī˵Ѿȥﵱһսھò˥š
ߣΪ﹦۷˽ѹ˼ֻǺø幫޹ȥԺ󣬾ϵţҲలµ

£ǿ䵽ɣɺͺᰵĿϣүǰ޲ĹǣϰӥֻҪһգݾ̫ƽһա

˰ΣŸÿȥֵܣһƯĵһ֪СµĹʦһĸˡ

ᵽתֻСźǰĻѧģʦ㲻ʲôִҡ

ЩźҲ֪ϰ֮ˣЩ书·ǶǼѧᴫˣлᣬٱһ

á

ԹԵľͿʼԼһԡ

ɣǰûͬ˵ЩҲôһ˳ֵֵܵˡ
һˣⲻˡ

ʱѩһ´̵һ

̲סֱţѽ䣬Ҳ֪ʲôʱȥҪݣӻȥڴԭأǺ
䣬Ժж˱һ˽ȥԺжѾ̸ꡣ

һɫǶëѩСȥ££磬˵ѩͣˣȻȥˡ
ٲߣһѩʱڴ˴Ǻá

˻ԺŴͬ˱Ŀ뿪

ǰڹ˻ͷӣ˶ѾԶˣǽȥɣѩء
һ˲Ĵӣһ£վѩһ̾ͻ̤ѩȥ

˻һأ̧ͷ죬͸ŻңѹȴЦҲáתԺȥˡ

֪鲻ҲһĽ죬͸ĲãҲ˵Щʲô굹ãͬ˵һػӺͽһѹʱˡ
һõ顣
ĬĬظлһѡ

˹˻ĽŲ˶˻ĵ˼æӣ˵ǰˣ߸ŵСѾͷȻôɵģСѾͷɣãôòôء

˻ƳһۣЦɵȴɵĿɰŵ㣬Ѿ㹻ˡ

һ㶣˰ΣѾͷͬ㲻ҲͰˣҲɵЩɰѣ˻ѾҪݣȥӣУѵҲ

鲻ָСţĺÿָ޳аףȾָףָȴ͸ŵķۡ

ͬ˻һ̸һ֮⣬֮еĸо

ɣһԣ̲סʵӣͬ˵ЩʲôѽӶûס

ѿЦҲȥҲû˵ʲôģֻҺİˣֻҪ֪ͬǿҲվڶͺá

ɣɾͿˣ⻰Ҳһ˼˵Ӳǵˣˡ

ʱִѩ£ϤϤ졣
ѱۿڳϢͬ˻̸

ѩĬ׷Ʈ䡣
¯ѩ˾Żá
ʹ˻
ٶһΣǴ˿ѩ˾˼ѵдҲ˿Ըٶꡣ
˼ĥȴҲ㲻˼һ⣬ӵ𣿡
˻΢΢һЦſ˵˽󣬹ĳǷˣֻǹĳԵǳ֮£֮ҲֻܾΪˡ
Եǳݡ֮£֮ڶн¡
ŶʮͷĴͣȴΪǰ֪ڣ㿪ʼԼͬ俪ʼһһֿ
򴽣ʵ˵Ҳû֮ҽǻв٣ѰһλĲҲܺˡ
Ĳ𣿡

գΪһζԻŻͣסŲ

˻תۣǰããһƬԶɽͷ
ûлش⣬ֻǱδţʵأ𣿡

ѿĲûзϣˬǣֻǻǳ֮ΪһҰȵľ棬ֻһõĿʼ
룬ȫõ
Щͬ˵˵ǳξ˼

ɣҡѵ֣Щеػӣӡ
ѱ˼ҲûգСŮôˣ

ɣСһǣָһѿӺƼǧ
㿴

˿̣Ѿ˳ǣڳϣ˳ɣָķ򿴹ȥƼһϤĲӰ

ߣվȺҲǺȺĴڣûд˾ں䣬ͻĹٷ

üͷͬλֻؿڴС˵ʲôСץĸ첲ҡҡλΣȥΪܡ

תͷ˹üͷ滺Ǳɽڻңң˵ͷ

ɣɾȵӣǧ񿴼ˡ

ѷӣȻȥɡ





22.  ޶   һλķء

ؽҸ͡

վ͵˿

λйճıְѼò࣬ÿؼŵʱ򣬶Էͬǳ˫ԣȼж㣬ÿÿң˼Ŷһɾ¡

˻ǰͬ磬ǹСۼذճ峿ʹ;ԴԴ͵͹˵ճͳϱʹˮһͽ˰ɷˡ

ŮǽŰ˵Ц

ѩϷһ˰Űдˣѣѩͬѵ˵˵ֻǲû߿ԭҡĻʳץסָ

ôޣҲ֪ôôץסһָͲˡ
ҲԼѣôСޣָûйͷƵģֻҪһֶӾͻ۴ޡ
ѩô壬Ϸ֣ѱ£һͻſҵˡ
ڣ˾Ͳ˵ˣֻöŪСֶ\С
Сﵹץѵֱֺ֣ǡ

ͷǰͬ˵Цİ˴£ԺһһСˣɴȤСӹ߲ˣͷؼСùã㲻֣ɼͶԵˣСùö
ѩЦɲǣҶҪˡ
ƣСӣС̶ˡŶ֣ҪѵָĻ
ţһͬѺ˵Ż

೤ŮСϸȴͬѩȫͬѩǴһ磬Ϊ˴˾ѡΪˬʣСڡһԽãԸνԯޣȴҲ

չСʱ䣬ҡ

СŽҡѵ֣Цҳ㼸꣬Źĸ׵֣ҽҲʹõġɩƺҪ׽١

ˣǰҪͬ˵ܵ⣬Ҳһůһ㡣

ֵ£Ըͬн㾡ңͬүᾡ㡣
˾ǰȥץ飬Ѿڳд顣
䲻֪ôһ£˭֪˫۾š

Ц𣺡ãҼˡ

˵䣬ͷŮ밲ү

ԭǰˡ

ѱ㿴Űһ˿ҸЦ⡣
ⶨǷ޹ϵãŻԷĳƺʱ̲סЦ˻

Ŵ򿪣Źȵİ˽곤ĶӣͬѿҪʮꡣòʺЩţƽء

ĿڳİϣЦͬѺѩͷ

ߵԣס˰һֻ֣鳯ЩСŮĽ̬үôʱ
ڱͬб˵ŻҲ֪ô˿ˣǰѰˡ

ס֣ɫᣬۼҪϯˣҹܿ㣿

ûҡ

ܿСС

д˿ֻб˴ˡ
ѲԾسѩȥѩպҲһЦ
ѴսߣȻǳȥɡ
ܾᰭۡ
̲ס룬ðɣʵԷ޻Ѿ˻λҲڷС

ѩͷ˱ֽţ˳ȥ
ͬȻûв˵Ż

ߵͷѱ߱ϵ磬޸пүͬá
ҲãȴҲôᡣ
ͬԸҲЩϵ
ﶼ֮ˣһʱ٣ȴҲ˸ܵϵг

ѩЦͬү׾ʶƵ÷ˡ

ʱգǶѾʶ˶ʮˡ
ǳҲˣҴδǳ
ѩ͸ЩĽĿ⡣
ͬʶ춨ԵĽѡ
ʮŮβأ
ѩҲΪ࿴żˣϴҲǻŮѩҲ⡣

ѩߵԺСͤ£ͬѽ˰ͬĹ¡
⻹ͷһؾѩŵʱ

ѿĿž棬ѩЩ˼ЦЦⶼ˺죬Цˡ

ѿϣЦպҲٵɾ

˵׺ġ
ѩߺȴҲѵôȤѣһλķأ

Ƕ˵ŻԶԶһ˴Ժ

ѿ˹ȥǴͷŴ춷См졣
һɲ߹ʱŵǧߵλ





23.  ͷ   һʱ࣬ͷ

Ŵ춷СԳߵЩǶӳģƴСһˮ顣
ʮСʹδȾԵͬһĨɫ⶯ˡ

ѺѩһĴ۾˸ֱֱľͳǶСﻹеһɤӣ㱧סѩĸ첲߽㣬ôţҺҡ
ȥͬѩϵΪܡ

ѩ˵ԴЦ̣ǰЩ

̣ѽСĬһأͬйĲ࣬Ҳǲʶˡű˾ָʹʮ귽һŮ飬²ȡ˺Ϊѹ꣬ʮˡ
ͬǰλžһɰСﵹǶˡ
˾ָʹ棬λ˫ֲ֪մ˶Ѫָʹλãͳ챱˾ָʹλһǶʮꡣ
Ůãư覡

̵Сæѣ밲̼Цһ棬ȴҲ󷽡

Цһѣﲻض񡣡

ѩʣ㲻ǰͷͬһˣͬ˵ᡣ

հ̫࣬һ˵һ˵ѩпŰģȴҲһһˡ
͸ǣɫΪѣ̣ǾŲ棬ȥǧɺã

ίȻҲ⴦Ҳû˿ܻ䣬ѩĸ첲߽㣬͵͵ȥܲܰҡ

ѩǴɣͱСĹǺշԳǵĹǶѩദļá

ǣ̵Ҫѩȴҿɲ㣬ͷ캮ضģͬһ治𣿡
˷򸾶˾ôһλŮҪǳ£ʱ˭ܵΡ

̿Ͱ͵ضˣ߽㣬˵һӻϷϽˣʹ̨ݣҪȥ

ѩ̣ԹҲϷӣ㲻ҲϷ𣿡
ȥϷȹЩʱٳſҲһġҰȥ£ôã˵ǲǣ

̼ĲϰæҲйֻǲģ֪͸õˣţҾܳˡ

Ŵ۾ѣؿҲûƹϽϷҪҪͬһȥСﻹûģһֱͰ͵ѡ

ѼС鶼ͷСﾹǸ죬˿⣬Щ֮

ţǳ£ֹǸԼ鷳ҲǸ鷳

룬»ٴ̨ʱͬһȥǾʹڰòã

˴գǽСס

а͸ǰ룬˵ǵʳץܵʱˣ˱һͬǰʹ

ӷڰڷʮϣܿȥɡӵС֣ȥץ

Сﲻ޲ֵţˡ־ӡ¡ëʡ̡̨ͭǮͣһľͷƵСϣһץסͲϷˣҲˣСҫһ㳯ΧĴѽѽĻţȥǼϲյֵСˡ

˱һ㣬Цַ׷ͬ򸾵أ˵СպضǸ쵱Ľ˧֮š

˼ĶС￴СǰСľһֱϷ֣¶СһСС

Ƭ֮ѷջĿ⡣

ڰ˴գǷ׷ǣҪһģȵҡ

ȥ¶аЦ˵ˣ»һȥݡգգ۾ǰ

ȥһΪ׵ĸļϴɫ
ѱЦá

ѾǰǸ˵̲£˿徻Ī֡
æ޷밢һʣǰȥ棬ܴӦ
⻰˵ʵڽ޷ܾŴӦˡ

ڽ̸ߣ̱߱߻ͷסó֡

̤˻ظ·

ɣɱ˿һգ˿һ磬һ˵λЩǲƵġʮСǱгųģҲͯ
ɰǿɰˣȴֲʮС

ˣ˰죬ȴӴɿȥȴŲ豭Ȼ⣬δģ

ӣôˣɣɲʵ

ѻعЦЦûʲôֻСץץǰСľĥǾɡ
СץõͣǺճ϶Ҳճץܵ׻ץʲô
ץϣϷŵĶΨǰСľϣĺǾɣľƳɵĵȴһɫйסģеĶۡ
뵽ѺֿԼӣɲҲǴһ
һʱ࣬ͷ̲סüĻ⡣

λʵ۾˸ıѽ
ԭΪ֮λڼλ֮ѡ
ǣۿеﱲأ

ԭǻ˼һأüĴȴһ㣬ʹ̡

ɣΪ֮ʣοӣķѽ񻹲֪ǧǲϲء
ʧЦ˭ͬ˵ڿ¶ˡ

ɣɲôȥصģ
㻹ӦҪͬһȥпݡ
СͶЩһİϷȤ
ӰʱĻ˵ǾСӼҼҲϲĶ
һڴӦҪͬһȥݡ
ɣô룬ͬйϵ
ϾóλͬἫΪܡ

ε£Ѳɶͬǧй𣿡
ɣһ㶣ܾ⻰Ķԣ˵
ֻõӶˡ

ͷʱʱľбһһģֵĺܡ
ʹ˰üģЩ¶Ժ
Ҳ֪⼸շҹΣȴҹʧ˯ţԲŻʱʱͷۡ 
һܺãʱҲǸշʱ󲡹һҲ֪գôö˶˵ʧˡ

ɴ۾Ϣ˺һͷ죬ſڵˣӣҲصˣ䲻ݣҲҪúùɣȥ˲ݿжʮգӣ˿ɣӦڷس·ϡų̿죬϶ʮǰ͸ϻس

ɣ̾͸ˣ˵׼ĶͬüͱˣʮգҪ빬ȥμӹ磬ǸϾ¶ʮհ磬˵ɺã
ͬǧȻǲͬڵϰ׶Щһ
ңؽⱼһн̣ϻؼͬһڡ
Զڳ˼磬Ȼϲ˵ԽȴǶԼ˼ոһŨ

ǣЦЦá

*
ͬԼȥ飬Ѳ˵˵ý˴ȥ
д˴Žһȥ

ͬŹˣ͸ӽүˣ˽˵롱

ʮͷ޶˰׷ȴ˿̬һ˫ӥܶƵġˣö˶˵ģôͽ
˾һأԭΪֻΪ˺尢̣밢̳档
Ů֣Ŀºˣôһ¡

æͬʶ˵һء
˵֮ĵ̾˿үǸˣǺ̶ͬЩͬ
Ƿ޶˻ãò׵˸Ůǰ䱦ֻϧŮʱǱͬ˶ԣҪٻЩ
Ϊ˱ŮǲὫ¸ˣЩ֪֪׵˼ңȻ˵ȴ׵ġ

˼Ƭ̣Ǻ̶֮ˣǸͬЩɡǾ˼
ԥóȻ˿Ǻ̶֪ǻˣһֱҪȥС

Ҫ˵Щʲôͷūͽˣǧ

ͷ
תͷˣдŵЦ⣬ˣⲻպþ̶𣿡

*
ȥǺᰣᰴŻظӣ˵л棬ֻ⼸նЩãǲܳˡ

ѲͷǱˣǣղ׼ˡ
Ȼ̲ˣŲҲû˼ˡ
ǰʱʱİüġ

ԥƬֵ̣ǧˡ

ɫһ٣Ƭ֮󷽵˵ɰȥְͬɡ⻹ǶϢ

˵ǡᰵͷָѹüģӣҪȥ̫ҽưɡ

ûʲô󰭡ҡͷֻ⼸û˯ðˡ

ȰӣҪǳŹɣ˵нտˡЩʱգʱʱľܿüģһͬ˵£Ҳ֪ο⡣

Ҳáߣҹ˯غЩ
*
ɣż⣬ָǴȺһӣӣǶ˵Ͻ˱ϷϷ̨ɣ˿ࡣ
ŬĵŽż⣬뿴Ķпŵӣһ۾Ϳ̨ǰĵطһһĵطɵɣ˲˵˲ܳ𣿡
һ㶣˹ȥֹ̣Ҳ̲ŵᡣ
򴽣Ȼˣǹȥɡ

ߵԣЦ
Ϸ˵ͷϲôҲˣ˵ûճء
վŵɫһ䣬æס̵Ļ磬⻰ɲܺ˵
Ҽҹ˵ģȥ
̲Ҵѵġ
һʱЩΡ

Цʣûλˣҿͬ𣿡
Ȼԣ
ѱ˳ԡ
ƫͷȥһֱᣬ΢΢ױкˡ





24.  ˫ϲ   Ψһ˽֮

̨ϽĿʦո߳, һֿϷݵǵǱס۾
̺ԣ̲סһƽкá
ǻ̵ϯ͡
æ, Ļһ硣
㳯˿

Цˣæллү, л͡

ЦеץĹʳţмĬĬؽӵ˹ȥ
ɾм, ֽᡣ
һеľٶ̫ȻȻһ㡣

ȫȻС

һֵֺĸо

ԼԼѰһֱǱܾϵʵ

򰮶ʡ
ϵŮӣǿϲͬһŮӾֹܣƱǻԴ̵ġÿһ˰ֵˣĽˣӦȫֻһ˲Ŷԡ 

룬ǿͬ˷Ķ, Ψһ˽֮
ͬ, оһ˿ⶼûС
ʵڲϳ

Ѻϻأ򳤰ظ·żһ, ҲˣⶼС

ͺûһ˿⣬Բû⣿

ɫһ

һ̾ͻشҲ᱾ͲҪҵǸˡ
һʼ, ˡ
ΪԼҵȷˡ
һʼˡ
Ϊ̫ҵˣԺÿԷʶزȥ룬Լᵽʲôĸ顣

ͬڴȹżͬƻúȥ˾̸
ÿһе˳ڴǰ㷢չ
ڴǳξͿսϡ
Ҫҵˡ
Ͳִڴˡ

ףʵÿһԼƭԼ
ΪͲϲᡣ 

֮⣬ɽһ㳯ҵ̲סһΡ
ִ飬Сᡣ
ᣬǳκˣͳ޷ִ
˿̣ǻǧһ㡣
ۡ

ͽӲԼǰ¶
̲סʹסģӲؽеѹȥ

һϷɢȥ̻ᣬȥʰɻٱһֻϧʦվôһٶһ
ίͰ͵ģæȰ
˿ڣ˵ͷлϷϿݣź

ȳϷ̺ѣһ˫ǴаҪȥϷȥȥ
ҲʶؿһֱδѣҪһȥĻϷҲΪʢ󣿡

ѻعǰˣЦҾͲȥˣ㣬ұˡ

ͷ۵ԽԽңǿŵЦݶЩǿ

һͣҪ˵ʲôȴоԼ䱻ס۰Ͱ͵ؿ磬ǿȥϷɡ
Сһѵóš 
ϸƬ֮ڿ˿ڣá

̻ϲϲͬѵ𣬡Ǿˡ
˫ڴ˴ֿߡ

᰸ѸսᣬͻȻͱɷףɣһӣôˡ
ѰסͷοһĳɣЦû£Ȼظ
ֻ䣬ͿƲסһϡ

ɣһæ󺰣ӣӣ
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ɣæú᰸Ͻȥȥ̫ҽûֹ
ֻԼǱӽһˮҪȵĴܵһء

ڴϣ˫ۣһŰյͨ죬˿ʪϡ

ɣɲ֪ѾöûмԼʱˡ
ôأֻǳһţ֮ͲĲʡأ
̫ҽûɣɱĨᣬ߲ͣĸѲ

üԸһˣüͷ壬ö˶˵ģôȥһأͳ㣿һڿٸѳȥ
ɣɳҭţҲ֪ǾֻȥɢģǧͬһһϷ

üһ㶣Ҳǻӣ˵Ӳãղܳ𣿡
ʳڵͬʱ˴𰸣ǲͬλ˾ָʹɲǸ
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ɣæֱһϽȥȡɾѹѻϡ

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Ŵ󿪣ʹӻŻŵ̽ͷкɿشԶ

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̫ҽ벻ףǾ󱯴ϲ֮£д

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ˣ

ӣʹˣǻԲѣ̫ҽΨֿ£жˣ̫˱̫ҽڻ

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̲סھӷӣһЩ˿Ҫ¶ˡ

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һֵĽŸ̯ĸɫˡ

·ԣۼ޿ҪײæãС޿ȹ
ѻæܿ

·һݣãֶֻֻ˴̣ʮ뻥ŵģڵ棬ĴȺ֮С

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·ߵһ룬ǰһϤıӰ
һæȥ
ŶԷ˺ԶԶһ֡
Էͣ£ϲǰȥĶԷļ
Էعͷȴһİ

̲סʼˣ㲻Ҫҵˡ
Էһһк£

ɴתܡ

ǹζڿƮɢš
ߴһ·˿˳ζȥҡ
ҵڣҵԴͷ
λˣű¨ǣһߣһƣʡ
ͣһֻǣ濴ˣӣǽϲôҲСشԭɴӲء

Цٿأõʲô

ɻĵͷǿǣһѪܵࡣ
ůģӿѪҲůģȾ֣ȾǰеһС

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ѿǿԾŵģů̲࣬ס룬ġ

֣·Ż˵
ǿػ˵ţѪðѪ
ǰοԼǰοԷ㲻ģҲģҰķŻȥˣһġ

ЦһӦ

˺ܾãӳɱ˵ĵطҲ֧ŲסڵأУѵ֧ţһڣһƥ
ż̤㣬ǴߴϽߡ

Ҫˣ롣

ǰĶˣҲߡ
ҲߵģҪһߡ

ȥҪɾϵѪģ
˶Էȴֻץסһǹ⡣
Է廯һǹ⣬Ʈա

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ģһҵ

ƥ׷ǹķ򼲳۶ȥ
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סѵ֣ҭӣ㵽ʲôʱŻѡ
ö˶˵ˣô˵ͲءԸԼҲҪӸϽ

˲ϲᣬһһεš
֪ʱסѣ۽ǣһεϤ𣬡ôˣ

ɣɻæȥѾЦ
ѣҪޣȴϲǰˣᣬҭӣˡ

ڴߵԴ˱ˣû

ɣæָϽһԵСι£ӣȺڡ

ˣԼȣأѶ˹룬СغڣŸɿʵĺ˲١

ɣɲ˲۾æԣҾȥǣҲˣͷͬ˵ء˲Ϲˣ˵⻰㳯ȥѰֳ

һ˯ѣܾΪԼ˯̫ãӻЩ¡
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ɣҹ̣ҹǰŹرǰŴҴҸϻ

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˵˽Կ

˻ЦЦˣĳȸˡ

˻ҩĹɣĽ˻ͳ˿⣬ȥԺѡ

Ѿůҩ
üһԣ˵տ顣

գ֮󣬴ҾͶ񡣡
ü˵ɫھΣȨȴЩûܿס

ӽЩ̫ҽԺûеҩĹ·˰æô˸һѡӳʲôҩĶУ˷ҩҲûʲô

üͷҩȹ⣬ԭˡ
ҩ̫ˣûкȹҩˡ

ü˲٣ѱ֪գûһ˹İȡ
ѰοգǶˡ

ЩҲʼ
ֻЩ᲻
Ӳ
Сûܹ˴Ĵͬ˸ϣҲû·

ü˵Žմʮİš
һ̽أ½񣬻ר׼һҹڳ

ѵͷü۶֮⣬ţ㿴׼ˡ

üΪǴ󲡳ͷ̫ãҲû룬ֻ˵˼嵭С˺ͰСϣ΢Щ

ûʲôθڣ˰֣ˣҳԲ¡

üҪȰȴͷɣ֪Ҫͬɣ£ֻøˡ

ɣǴŲݵϢ

ݵԶԶڳʱƲĸֹۡ
λ̰ī˾޶ãɵĺֻǲݾ˷ʧܣһֱֱӵӱ
ֹˣѩ󣬲ݾڵϰչҲãЩѾʳݿƤвϰջ񣬸߻ֱӼͽһҽᡣ
ݽڶʹÿҪϢԱλ£ֹˣѲ˾ǰȥѲʱλļλô꣬Բݵ˽֪֮١

꣬Щ˼ǹĲᰲˡ

ѳһݸڳ˿ʧ࣬Щ飬λȻҶ£ж

񽫾ͬݽڶʹݹɳֻ̣ǲݵòɽ־Ӷ࣬˴ν˷һ̲ô򣬿ǻ־ýš

ɣ˵ڲ˽⵽

ԭǴ˵һسЩӷ飬ȴٿѲ԰׵ɫʱͷ
ӣײʮꡣ

ѿ񽫾дţһߵɣ˵ġ
˰Σȴһ䣬ʮ²١
Ӧһ²ߡ

磬ǽʮĺӣüɣî˾ͷ׼һֵϯ

ݹķףӦԺԸˣ֡
ԺͷҲ׼ѡ

ѼǶæòֺҲǿžԣͬһ֡

֪δö֮⡣

סŵĲ˼ңй˻
ķҲǹ˼ұԺ

ʵӽҹ빬𣿡

ɣͷǣӽһֱó

Ѿüͷ̾˻Ը⣬ɣ˵ݵķףʮǽַھһͬףġ
ģһȺŹꡣ
˻ȴһ˹Ҳ̫Щ

ɣæӣⲻ׵ϾУҹκ

һ㶣ЦżȻ˵Ķԡ





25.  ϻ   ȥ־͡

ʮʱ, ɵһѾȥµһѾʼ
սĴСȫֳ, ϴˮϿ̻ѤãƵü

ŸԺǽƷһݵĻ
ǵŰ֮⡣ 
Ҳ֪̫ǻˡ
ѹϵɢȥ

, չ빬ȥ
̫һųĲͬ
ǰ⺢װɣǱ¶Ժ, ڲزסâ
̫һֱ׹ۡ
һ֪⺢ӿ˼ѧὫâһһ
㲡һࡣ

Щ飬ѲТˡ

̫̾һ䲻֪㵽ʲô飬üϵ, Ƕпġǰ㡣

ϻ۹, ģĳҲĶ̴

Ѽⷬ, ̫Ķʱ˵ͬĻ̵ֽ̫һиЩ
أɲΪ̫ԼжϣԲŻôһͷ 

ѽĸ̻塣

̫ͷ, ˱飬Щ˶ʰɾˣ

Ӧǣ⼸Ѿб֮ȫ˸
ԭǻһЩʱգͻһٵȡ
ѾԶ˸ǰӡ
ҲԽԽ

빬Ҫȥ밲̫ûж
ֻǵ뿪˳ٹ̫ͬ˵𣬡˵⺢ӣʲôŻ̶̼תӣ
ŮʷƬ̣Ǽᶨ֮ˣҲֻᱻˡ
̫΢΢üͷʲôжˡ
ŮģҪŮ뼸֡
˼ȥиһ

ڳֹ˴ʱ׼뿪ʹ
࣬ǰüĺѴȥ࣬ڿյģ粻סࡣ̲ס

ɣæ¯ݹȥӣ¯ɡ
ˣŰɡѰ˰ֻ֣硣
ֹյ̫ȣ˰ʱͷͣ˿봵磬ýԼЩ

ͷŷ֮ͬ£ûǰ˭

û뵽빬һˣѣ£ûп
С²ǰΪһࡣ
˵ԼǺζڶԷҪ·ˣͷ

ͣ½ŲЦˣɡ
΢΢ףɺã

һ㶣̹Ȼ޴󰭡
޻˵Ҫڵ
ῪڣɷƲм仰뵥ͬ˵

ɣüͷӣǻȥǶء
Щӣ˭ΪλͻȻ˼룬ΪǧҹԵʡ
ɣɴ˿̼Ϊ˳ۡ

ѽסɣԶЩţͬǧļ䡣
ɣĴԶ˼

ˣѿǰˣ˵ʲô

һֱӰΪãϣᡣ

򴽣˿ھȴãһ˿ڴ
ЩУǰӲᡣ
Ƭ֮Сڣʵͬҽ͵ġԽͣԽ顣
λù˼ɰҲͦϲġ

۾ŹԷκһ˿ӦҲѾףɵڶָ࣬ʹһλպһǸ߸·װʶ˱˲¼ɡ

λ˵꣬Ҳ˳Ĭ

죬ڣˣһҪ㡣
뽲

гһգ㳯ԣô

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һһ˿ңýʵ
ԴǸ֮ǰ֣˾͵˰ɡ
룬ʵûл⡣
˵ңǺ¶һЩ
ڷԼҴǰֹһС
ټġ

΢΢׾ҪߣῪںס
ûͣ¡
ԼϣҲҪϣ

ӣͬǧ˵Щʲôɣϸ۲ѣɫǰûΪ仯

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ԺҲ鷳˾Ǹץˡ
ɣûףץһ£ѵҪͬǧ˵һ
ҪʣȴѾߵ˹˹ס

Ѳصһţߵš

ۣҲδԣֻպдɾί

Ѵؾصͬ˹񣬡ǲᣬָܵ㣬֮ҡ
ʵΪù˹̵
ڽ֮ǰһֱΪͬ˹֮ǰ֮ûʲô顣
ֹ֮ǰ۸йʵ֮£̵ǳ

Ѳ룬ԭĲ¶гǵ뷨

Ǵһʵʱ龹û̫ܡ

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ǡ

ջǴ壬Ҳȹ꣬ûоѱиˡ
Ǹմߣȴͷ˵
ƺ鶼˲٣

˻߽УҲڣƬ̵⡣


Ҳ֪⻹޲Ҳû뿪˲ͬ˻˵ô밲ˡ

˻ǰ밲ؽ

˵һػ˹㽫һˡ

ѲδȬůĵطͻȻ򺮷̲סԣƬ̣ǰͶһֻ¯ô¯ů֡
˳־ͽӹ¯Ǹľ̿ů͡

ѿڵлǰЩӰæ
˻ǣǰЩѾ͹л񣬲ټǹϡ

ѵ㣬Ҫлˡ

ɣԴӲݻڳһ鶼˽һ飬һգĳͬÿһź˶ѵһ١ᵱ֪᰾ھԼս˺üأûվϷд彫᰸һ١
ѣ黺ɣȰһʱɮļơ

ͬ˻ҲˣĳЩ뷨ϣ˵˼ͨġ

ˣӣһ⡣
˻ƫͷĿ뽲

гһ볯ã룿
⣬ǰոʹᡣ

˻ЦЦҲûԥشд־кβɡ

ԭһʣ˿̲ҲŹ˻۾ʵģ

š

ʣгһգڳǻңߵͣ

룬뷨ͬǵȻıһˡ

вЩʣ·Ҳ⻰һɢȥ

Ź˻񾲵Ĳ룬ȥ־ͺˡ

˻˵ˣʣ

Цҡҡͷź˿ȴҲֻ˵һ䣬ûʲô

գ˹

˰ӣڹ࣬ȥ˵Ӹ

ƣⱾӸ

ѽӹϸϵݣ͢ӡдȥ깬˿Ǯ˿Ǯ÷񣿡

˿֯裬һɲ˿ԼƣһƥԼʮ˽ƣڹһ깩ƥǧƥÿ˿һǮʣӿһʲСĿ

һأʡǮӦ׼
˹һЦѷ֪Լˣͽ̡

ʡǮǲʾȥʣ²ũ˿࣬ͼչ𴦽Ὣ˿۸ѹøͣũѪ޹顭

ԭû뵽ۻϵũơ
ͷƽ͵дɡ

ߣӡʮ٣ĵһδ󳯻ᣬŶ̫ʼˡ

ʼǾѾΪ˲һ£ֵĲɿ
ǰʹȥһ˲ݣݵһһʮϸصİϡ
꣬ĳЩվͱ˼ĳ˵ͬجΣЩͬλһЩϵĳ˿սսͷ̧

һԲŵ´Ϊν񣬴ǹս㼺
ʱⶨһ
ɢǰ۰һگ顣
֮Ůѣм汸ѧѣǰʵ
Ӳ볯֮ʱ䲼گҲˡ

Ѵгʱɫ̲סŤЩɬΪ˸껹㲻ϴ󣬰׷ȴһձһնࡣ˹ǰŮӣ۽Ҳǳǳơ
ӿɲֹҪ˼Ǹѽ

ͷɣɼæӭȥӣճ϶ѾΪ㳳졣

ѵͷµˡ

Щ󳼣Ŀˣ˵㲻һŮ֮εºǰ
˵ǰ޲ػģҪҳ١

ɣҪ

ڳˣպ˶Ὣˮˡ

̲ס롣
̧ۿȥĻ˹밲ĻǸ߰ӣǰҲܻŻͬ˵վĿбӵشԹ
⼸λ磬ǿʼٴµˡ

££ϵ磬ߣؼҡ





26.  Ĭ   ڸԵļƻ֮⣬µǡ

ȥ, ˹˹Ϊ˵
ǰΪ˹ȫȻΪҰĲŻֳ£Ȩ
Ź˹ѧգȴֹ˹֮, ȴʵڡ
ͷŹ˹õĹΣ˼Ÿд
ߵ˷ţͷҲδ̧

ü, СسһϣЩ, ǳѩĿ
ӦãǶҵȻá
ƽ˵仰üĵ˳鷿ٴ

üȴǰվ˰յĹû뿪
ƳӰҲû, ̧ͷ, 㻹б£

üʵٻ˽£üüһһֻרעſճС, ˽ȥ˭ͬ˵ʲô£üӲɣǰǰ˵Լ뷨

üָĿҪˣճһˡ

ѿ, ʲô£

üŴĬţѱ޷ģȥˡ
Ѳ׷ʣüһæлл׼

Ѷ뿪ıӰ˺һҲˣϺһڣ̲סüͷʵ̡
һûк꣬ɣɾզզĽݡ
ӣ׼ü
иԵɣ

Ѹɴཫֽպã˵ǲܱˡ
ɣżˣѽ㲻ôӦȥһȥˡ
иǸͷһֱƣԭ뽫ߣüһɫʹ䣬ͬſ˵˺һִü㲻ͬڸſֵüɹͬԼýڳ˲߿
˿ſ׺ˣҪ۸üô졣

ԭôһ£̾˿뻹ǷԸǰȥ

*
غܿҪȥˣԪڵһԲ¹ҹɢĹâ
صĽдֽϣܳһݺ󣬷ֻèƣ˹ǷߵǰŷϿչһԲ¡
µա
ڻԪˡ
ϵÿһˡ
֪Ӻδִǵ

Ժǽ֦ͷ÷ڽһֿݱǰķʢ
»£ԳұС
һ˳һ°״÷»Ψƫ֮·һҪ𻯵ȥ

Ȼֹȡ֮һԡ

֪Ӻδ˻òֹס˿ԣȴƿǱȲ裬ˡ
һתЦ¶СӣտԪڣȥ𣿡
ɶյƻеĵ
λǧյƷƵˣǧյͬĵƣ˳ĴСڳ֪׬ӡ
Ӻϸȥƴ˵ʢ

˻⣬㣬к壿
ԳΪķŭʵĴ˹вμӹ硣ʶ֮ˣҹҲֶͬĽŮͬΡ

˶ÿգǻ뿤һͬѽ˵ҲͬԼš

ͬھӣͬѣҹһͬкβõġ
̲סԼĹƣƽⰡ
ףΪʲôвϰغס
ͬһ
Ϊס

˻ĵĲͬû֮ͬ̽¡

֪˵˻æƤЦɫɫֻ֪ǽǡɴӺ᰿˵빬硣
ھӼҵĺͬգü󣬾ͳѰ䡣˳˱䣬ҲӲ˽¶
ֻż˵𣬽ջȥδʱ鸮Ҳ㲻ǻ

˻֧ϸøɾ̧ۿ˫ƯĶۣΪҹ¹̫һ¹⻯ıɴ

æսͣٿڣԭ

Ƭ֮󣬹˻ſ˿ڣֻѰͺܺá
ǶˣԭǱʣΪİˡ
ⷽϵ
ż̸ĵˡ
ڸԵļƻ֮⣬µôһġ
ͬλҫ۵ĹĬ

ɫ΢΢һԳһЦ

ҲǸ֮ˡ
⳾ǣҪԽԽá
㣬ҲҪϰ߲õĽҷֱʵ

ԼӵʵӲж⡣
˵ԼҪ˵顣
ţȴⲻҪܿ

ֱѹĴĸоһԴѽյҩðˣȥҩ
̫ҽ˵ˣٺ⸱ҩʹˡ
û˻Ļش𣬱ǿĲ˴˴
˳һȴ̲סѹ

ȷƽ飬ҩ߻Ժʱ꿪֮÷£Ķй˻Ӱ

*
ɣסԵŮӣΪͬһûѪԵϵŮܵ֫ӴֻԼǰչص֣񾹲ֻܽӲŮӵıϣи

ʵü㻹𣿡

üţֺ̧ҵĲ۾ۿƵɣ磬ûˣҿԼߡ

ɣԣһſס֡

˴˿Ƨɣ˺üſڣղʲôˣ⻰֮⣬ǰھʱЩ̽̽һ㡣˶٣źͻ䣬ᣬҲǻ㡣

ü֧ߵǽǸ£ͷɣ𿴼˿̵Ǳǵһͬ飬·ϣȹҵ

Ժ˹ھƹӣѮʱżһ档

ɣ̲סüͷΪҪӣ
һˣʲô踾Сɣ˽ⲻ

ո֣Ǹò˾ЩҪΪüϵ̲ˡ

üһ𣬡ȥ꿪ʼմ˶ģЩ强˶ʣ˵Ѿˣû뵽أȥģһӣ˵ǲǮͻᱻ˫֡

ҽԼڴˣҪȰû뵽ᶯ֡

üѹĲУڹд˿ʮ꣬ʲô¶ˣҲһʯͷġ
ǵܹ˷ﻤסɣôʮĿȫǣֿɱ

ü벻ףҲԸȥ룬ӣֹס⣬̧ͷɣ¶ȿ޻ҪѿЦллոն顣
ɣֻһţδ֡

ɣ𻷱Ƭ֮ŵԼ̹ͬס
ϿͲǽĽ
ǸˣžǸ
üǸΪ¡
²ɱ֣

Ժüͷá

ظ˻δΣȥ̹ͬһС

򣬿üΪײǽ׵Ķͷ΢΢̾˿Ϊβͬҽ

ǰɵ˻㣬ջͬûмʱϵ汻˿ôã

ףɣ籣ӣӻſͬɣĶ顣

Ϊ⣬ȵ㣿
ѻΪȥء
Ȼɣ

üãĿЦЦ˵պҪϧԼʱʱǡóְ㡣ǰĻڸ˹ȥ

Ӽסˡüæ
ϽϢȥ˴ɣ

ѴĿɣ𣬡˵ôӰ
ĴȤһ
ɣһûʲô飬ڸתƣָ㡣
´ո˭С

һЦһΪǿϲĹ
üõĹڹסʱҾ;رá
ʱٹô๬ŮΨü
Ϊһμʱºɰüһ˲ȽϺɰҲӲǰ˵˭Ĳǡ

ɣϲüǿǶ˽⣬һٳһԣҲǲ֮С

ɣȻǱ¡
ǶһľͷȤ˿þ

Ƕɣѵüõʱ
̸̸ͬǼѱ̸ܶ顣

ӣ֮¡
ɣʵ벻ͨڳһôܷô顣
㵽ģ

ʱ
Ҳ񵱳ǰ㣬

̹Ȼˡ
ϴ˶ѡ
ѾͬҲ˵ˣպͬҲнʡ
ĺˡ
˾ǴˣҲûʲôˡ

ͬᣬͷβһ·ˡ
ϲΪҪͬҹܡ
᲻ΪβԸĹһ㣬ںլ
಻Էˣôܻụϲ

£ֵɣΡ
ųһǣҲܲ˵ᣬЩ˰
һᡯ֣ˡ
ֻͰ

ɣ̾˿ҪӣξֻΣϸûǸ˵Ĵڡ
ͬÿһǰ㣬ĻĴڡ

ɣΪҪǰһ㣬ţǼ⣬ͻزͷ

ȴЦЦǰִɫƽ˿̲ڣδҲڡ





27.  Ը    һͬǰݡ

ֵȥӡ

ֻǴһ, ŮϥԸ뿤ȥñȲ衣

˹޵пŶ϶Ļ, ֪˿̹ڼͣʲô¶װûЦҲá

֪ܼ޷, ռˡ

ֻ￴ڰߵ˵׵͡

Ǹ긾˵
û̽˽¶ϰߣ˶Ҳˡ
Ǹֿ˵һ䡣
ӲϰغסѾûк˼ǰ˵ס

Ѳɵͣ˽Ų, ָḧů¯ϵĸơ
֪˵˭ˡ
ҷˣ˻ļĸ

˵˻Ѿڹ˼ұԺס˿£һֱûаغȥ

˹䵭˳ϰȥ󱾹ʲô

ͻȻͣ£ɻ
ѻعŹһЦ, , ߰ɡ

뿪˹ټʱѶѾ˿յ, ȥ޵ʱֻۣ档֮ûܵõһý

޵˹ױ
Ѹ밲
ˡ˹Ҳɫ䵭, ֻ̧̧֣˰˵£չοꣿ
ʣһ⣬ûףͽ̡

˹üģű˵ĿЩķͷۡ
ͷĹæеҪȡһö
ֻ˵ˣ£ͬ˵˵˵
ѷſڣѮǰѩ֣ݰʧأ͢ʳѾ׼ݣһƿɾ˸ͬδ

Ĵмַ֮ƣݽ˷һ»δиݾѩ֣أʮټ

˹̧ۣʵλļĸˣһ˫˻һģһۣȴΪӸλǧĿֻżʱ̣л͸ЩĶЦ

ǰֻһСĹ˹ҲûֻǾţ뱾ӦôӦŶԣ

򴽣ĬƬ̷ǣҲǡ
⼸ÿ궼ܳԽһ֣ɶѩϼ˪
˵ͷʾ˵ȥ
˷֣˵Ǻ⣬ʵδǹһ£Ҳ飬²⳯͢ΪðճǮҪǮǱ˾ˣ͢᲻鷳

鵽Σδȫ壬ǵһسڶٳҲвʱԹòʧ

ǾţԷ֣жٶһģȳ͢Աʡ

˵仰֪Σ

˹ţ뷨ǲ
һ׹˹²رĻش
Ȼ˹ֵҪԷ֣ҲҪǣͷ¡
Ҫмߵܷڣֹּ̰
˭ֺõأ

ѳĬţ˹Ļ˵е뷨׻ǳЩ
ԺгһӰ
ոջʧ˫ͷ˹⣬Ѿţʡ

˹˲һ٣ˣ

ŹΣ
ԽԽǹ˻ǣͷһܺðࡣ
ϾҲۼ˻ϲյƣ˾ۣǧļ۸

˹üȴֻһ밢ߵõǺܽ

һ㶣ĥ˹⻰˼͹˻ھӣĻһЩδ޵ŮҪӡ
˻ǹ˹ֶӡ
֪˹᲻˻ 
æǧᣬֻʶˣ㲻졣
ֻǹһģҲ

룬⻰һù˹Ц֪ʲôȤһ㡣
Ѳɻ󣬹˹ֹסЦȴһ򲻺ã̫ķķ

ˣ˻Ǹӡ
պ᰻ظ˵˻ֲˡ
̾˿˼ǲˣðˡ

˹ֵ͢һɵ飬Ҳղġ
ƿһ²

ϥǣܽˡ

˹ùһز㣬ŵ£Ϣһգȥɡ£Ҫȥٹ̫š

Ůų
һΪ˹ͷѨλһߵβӦ˺˵Ȱ˵ӻظȥסϾүסڱԺԺ˵л
ң˵죬ҲǸĨڣŲ׵

˹̾һҪ̻ȥͲ󱾹ӦȥǸ

ͬЩϵԽԽɲ֪УͼӴ˶ٶ
жʸʵǻҵĸԴ

ĻȰ˹ȴ̵ĲͬеԸڱԺа

˹ָ˵ЦסڱԺסںܸЩ
洦
ֶ˼ʱĥ͸Щʲô
ҵܹһֶķӡ
²ᣬҲ뷽跨ˡ

Ȳǣס

*
ٹ̫˸幫дţֿһظ幫ͬһ빬еĶм˻ŶŮֶ˼ֹС

̷̫ҩ̫ӣֻΪ˳·зԼ£ǰЩ¶Ҳگǰʺ󣬳д󳼶Ѷٲ֪һ㡣
̫̾⺢δ̫Ĵˡ

һ㶣ĸָǣͦõѽûʲôɷġ
̬ʵ̫͸ˡ

ɼѾʮˣ㶨׵Ҳ꣬Ļ¸Ǻã̫󷢳Ŀ
幫д˼ȻѵķֻڳѡͬԶݣϣ̫ѳϸѡѡѡ

ĸⲻʮôЦŹʮãΪ꣬ʮˡ

ƶ죬ͬ˵ء

æȰοȰҩˣоѵѽ̫˼ҳĲʱѰ

̫ùҩĳˣ㻹֪Ļжѣȴ÷׸гжȴߵǰŻʣ¶ٺж

ı£ҲȰػغլ

ֻ룬ҪȥĶҵһλķأ
̫Խ˵Խ

ϵĺж˭ҲȽйŮĻ¶¡

̫һ٣̵ٮٮߡ
ȢޣýſҪ̤˹˼ҵż
ꡭ
䡣Լҵĺôõġ

һ㶣ö˶˵̫ôҲ˹˻
Ϊǰ˹ᵽ̫𣬽Ѻ˼ֿЦá

ĸ

̫Թ˻ʵ̫ϲѱ˳Ʋ⣬ӵ׵õʲôΪҩʯҽ

̫ЩʲôͬСڹУҲǰҿųġ

һô꣬ûȫһ˫ӡ
̫п

Ҵǰϵ˫ӣв֮ͬ

̫˵ͷֵܶˣһģһֻԸԯޡ

ڵĺܣӳһƤ鵽ܣһӳƽ١

ˮز꣬Ҳһ󲡣Դ˾ѽĲ

˸£գǰĹ˻
¶ͺԸ̤һ

ɣΪҪΪΣԼȦԶأ

̲ס롣

ôӲⳡ̸ˣѵÿĸ˵ǡ

״ӳٹ뿪Ѳһ̲סﵽи̫ʲôԻ̫ʵʵΪĻ²һգ̣Ǻ޲ϾҵǸ⣬㹻ķ

Ůʷ뿪ҲȰ̫йĻ£Ϊ壬ҲҪЩˡ
̫Щӣ鷴ǿĻܹ£Ҫ̫аοҲܺϼ֡

ֻӲͷƤס

ڳ·ϣϦѳ档
Ϊ̫˼ҹѵִ̫ͬ
̫ͬԵǳҲû

ڹϣôûҹӣҵˣûȵһԸԸͬݣѾ׶Էһ·ˣͬȥ

Ҫʱз۶ѱǽ£Ƿδ̲ͣסüͷ

ʲôѽȻڹɣֹ

۶ʱϵӡüͷԽԽ̧ɣסڣǺݵļݶǳˡ

Ҳû룬תֹķȥߣȥ

ߵֹѾ쳯ֹ

ѣٴɫһ䣬ֻǸڳʱŭѣ˿̵ѵ棬ȴ˵ʲôһ˳ֹ
ѵƽĺܣЩԼǵͼЩŮӲɼƽϵĻĿбӵش߹

ү΢΢ףͬ˸к

ɫֻǴʱϼگ˵ʲôֻ˵ͷ˳ֹ

ֹĵƣöδϨ

Ʋʣѩѹݵ·谭˳ȥݡ

ǸĵֻܴӲݹǺѡ

ǲǰȥ·ͨ

㣬ɵһǰȥͨ·

βǲǰȥ

ڹߣԽԽü̲סҪʱ˹ȴļ˵

̸ãûеóһۡ

ʱ䣬˹˳ֹȻȥ

Ѹտڣǡ

˹Ҫ̫꣬ȥϸ룬ʲô˵˵Ҳ١
*
ʱѹѾߣռżȡ
ڤ˼룬ö˶˵ģôͻͻȻѩѹ·
ֱ壬ȥһ˲ݺͺݡ

˿ѻ鷿ţɣ˺üأӣҹˣЪ°ɡ

дţ򣬡ɣʰҿܵóһԶš

ɣɲ죬ӣҪȥĶѽ

ȥݺͺݿ
ǣңͲȥˣڼпҾˡ

Ѵֽīŷÿڣȥݡ

߳鷿ҪԷȥתͷһڵҹֻܿԺģ

ͷ˸뷨

ǻƻʱڻʹ˿һգѲŻظڹͬλ˵һյĻʵƣ롣
ֻߵĲǿţǸھӼҡ

*
˻̧ͷ˿̵Űݷã
ΪԼˣһ顣

ǣأ˵Ҫ̡Դ

Ǳڶӣ£ٻǶ档
ʲô飬ֵš

˻°ۣһɫҫӰƺ˽ŲԷعһЦ󸮵÷ĹãԺżž;Ų

˻ºһЦϲһ֦ȥ

æ֣⵹ǲأϲźÿ

ˣĿŹ˻ЦҽһҪҪͬ

˻Ҳ뽲

һͬǰݡ
Ը𣿡





28.  ȥ   ͷһ˲䣬࡭

˻һͬǰ, ˵ͻ뷨ҹһҹȴⷨӿС
ֹ, Ǽ˫Ӯ顣

ȥݺͲһˣҪմڳֻҪǿ
鲻·
ȥ
һ֮׺һڣһΪǶİվһౡ֮

ҹһδ˯, ڹдһ죬˿ȴɾʮ㣬·̲ȡ֮֮ߵ, һֱΪԼȥ

δʩ죬Ѵŵ࣬ȴڷҫ۵Ĺâ۽ǵۣеһȱ㲻㶼ݹâֻܿҫۡ

˻һȲݹȥѵһлһů跽źЩ

˻ǰ, һȲɫȫȻ, ˹ǡ

֪ĳΪЩʲô

һʹ˵ʡ١

Ų豭ȡȲһ¶, ջ飬Ϊݳǵ˭ǣͷ£ȴǼ鷳¶

ùĳǣͷ˻Ȼ

ҵȷͬ
˻ɫЩ԰ףǰڷ¯, ˿Ҳһĵɫ԰ס

Ŀֵǹȥһˣƶ½С

˼ұԺʱеС̻ʮȰ˹˻ǰݣϢֻҪһȥŹ˻ù˻ǣͷˣͻвٸ̺վƶ¡

˻ʹ˼¡
˿̿Ź˻Ӱ԰׷ɫһʱԼǲ̫ûΪ˻ǹϾ񻹲ء
֮УΣҲ˵
ϾеÿһλһʼûдӦ׼ǰȥ

һʱľʣµĻҲ˵ˡ
ҲȫҪƹ˻ǰȥƶһ¡

豭һ飬ĿŹ˻˫ۣصȻԸҲǿ㡣

˻һЦʣǻ뿤ݹĳƬ̡

ѵ˵ͷţ룬ͻȻȻҪ˻ؿǹٸ𸴡
룬ǹ˻ûдӦҲʧ

ɫ΢ɣѾԿʱ䣬Ҳһֱӣʱ䲻ˣҾȸˡ

˻Ҳ

ŷ֣Էȥε˲ͬʱȴȥߴࡣ
ѲŮͲ
΢΢ͷŹ˻Щɻ

˻ҲͷǳЦʵĳкβף

̧ǰȻһǲǣ

ţ˻Щɻ

ǲֳˣѲԾԵ˵żָ̧֣ᴥŹ˻Ķͷ

Ǹ߸幫Ҳ㰫СְܶͱԵŮһЩɰǰ˻ʱ˻ڰϰ磬ͷ˻ĶŹ˻˵ʱҲͷ
Ŷ̶̰²ôͻȹ˻ְ˰磿


Ѳɿȥȴ˻ĶӶⶼź죬ԼǴ˿̫ŷֹ˻ҶһСС롣
ǳɫģССһţԡ

ӣɫˣĸøˣɣƫͷسѵ

ѻعŷֻڹ˻ϣ̫Ŀ΢ƫһܿ˻ֳܵĽë۾

һæַ£һȿȣҾȻȥˡ

ǰûнͣ³һĹ˻˵˺Ҿͻ̳ǰݣǿǺԸȥδʱ̣Ǿڳʮͤͷ

ǡ

˹˼ұԺĴţѷһ

ɣȴ̲סʼ߶ӣϾǸӡ
ɣһ٣Լ⻰˵Ĳ׵ԷӣŮӣŮ֮䣬ŮӻԿЩɸոĹ˻⻰˵ڡһʱҲ֪ѻǹ˻˿

Ѷ˶䣬ףҷžȻȻߣᱡ
㲻ĳ𣿡
ͬ㶼ˡ
޲жΪţ⣬ִСϰ䣬θߴ󣬼
ҲǷŲŷ֣˻εڹ˻ǰҲܱȫ֡

ɣ𣺡
Լᱡ˹˻
ˣôȰʵȰ
ŽпܻҪ˻ͬкݣɣֻͷۡ
*
Сߵ˻ߣŬѹǵ͵ЦӣۼžͺˣҲѾȫظǻطݰɡ
ƼԼӱᱡọ̲̈̄ס룬ľ輧ŰĽӣһǧ裬Ӷ˿Ķ

ſһ˲䲻Ĵôܽ˺˶أ

˻عԺŸյƣƵƹΪͶһĹâҲڸס⡣

ŵߣӣ˵ûǳЩūҹƼ׺ѣʰ

˵ҪԶ𣿡˻Ƴһ̧ۣų鷿ȥ

æϣ¶ˣˣūȥͬᰴ˵ȥÿȡ

˻ǺЦ˵Ҳȥ𣿡



Ƭ̺󣬷ģ²ȡЦĥţ⻰ʲô˼ȥأǲȥأ
˻ɿЦЦ
Ӧ²ÿȡЦ
˻޵Ӧһٴ

˻Ȼǰϻڷǰڿҳ顣
ҳſڣǱˣ

еС˼ɫүǱѾ˵үСĽϻسҲºˡ
º󣬳͢ѡݸڹԱسְ߽سְ
Ʒ٣Ʒʷ

£ʮ죬һʱ䡣
ⳤһձһ껹Ҫ

˻üһ⣬ȥ׼׺ۡϴ˰硣

Ӧףȥɿܳ鷿ֹţǰͬ˵Ҫúÿأſ˲һӾ˾˼ء

*
Ҫȥݣ˹ü
ЩӣôһҪȥݡ
Ҳû룬ܾȥ

ĻԳ忴ĸףǲţĸΪβ׼ǰȥݣ
ԳФĸ˹Ů࣬ȴΪСӵĮ߰˭䵭һɫԹ˹ȴء

˹ʱθУһӣǧ֮ãѵף
ںݳ¡
Գȭн£ѶȥݣΪʲôԣ
Ҳڸǰ͡

˹Ŀɫһ䣬ȥݺʲôϵ

Գ˫ФĸһۣǷŭԸذһŮԸ

𣿡
ĸףŮˣ¶ָܲ棬أ˹ĶӣõĻӣø۰ĸҲġ
ӷôһ񱻸ʰţôó谮
ƾʲôƾʲô
һѣҪȲ
Ƕ֮λƾʲôõأ

й˻æһƬ
æߵ˹֧ĵ£⻰ɲ𣿡

˹Ƭ̣ȴŭߵԳǰ

Գ֪Լ˵˻ɴ˿̷ŭѾԺŲӾǲԸڵǸ

һʱž

Ƭ֮󣬹˹ǹֱ㣿
˿ʮĶӣΪβ
߸ϵȨܻ˵˫ۣеһУȲϡ
˹Щȣ˫ۣתãȥΪ

¼ˣݶΣգĵ²ȥѽ

Գҧҧͷһлĸȫȥ

˹һΣһԵ޺ϡæȥסŭĵС£һʱͷҪԼ

˹ƣİ˰֣Ǳû̺á
ôͲףҶӣѵһẦ
˹һ̾ϢˣȥҲãĥһԣҲ֪ңǶǰסġ

ͷйǰү

˹ɻһ˲ſȴ̲סüͷ

⺢ӡ

æʣӳ˺£

˹ŵСϣһЩӣһǳӲˣ·ԶҪԼȥһ

ձԳһģ˿̿˻д뿪밢һͬǰݣиζ
ģֶҲСǰ
񶼳ˣԼ˼Ը
ǸǼǿ֮ˡ
б𽥵ȥ̲ס룬ˣǹܲסˣǰʲôʲô
ȥ飬˭ǰ
æǡҲǱ֮ˣĳĵĸġ

˹Ƭֵ̣Уȥ˿˵һϣΣʱ

*
ӣѾʰˡɣأȥݵӼӾܴϵĶһҪϵģĶһŲ

ţʰþС

˸׼ٴҲ¡ֵ

ɣûɵĵͷӣ治ȥ˭ź㣿

ѳһЦһдӼѲûҾͲܴ³Է𣿡
п˷ǰȥǲʹһܴͬϵֱضҪãɴСƽƽԼ⣬Ҳððա

ӡɣɰʹ硢ᰶˣһˡ
ǻ𣿡üװƱĺɰЦ

ҪϵСһߵҳԶţҪп˺á

ɣͬüǣӾøϳһ˿ӡ

иý飬ѾһأѾ˿Ҫʱ

ǲʹаʱʮͤס⿴

ɣʱӣҪʱˣٲߣǽҹ͸ϲǰͷפӪˡ

ѿųŵķѵЩ飬ٵƬ̰ɡ
ٵȵȣǵȲˣ׷ǰĶҲ١

ǽճŵʱôͲֱʸأĵקʵ벻ףھӣԺǽסţƫҪʮͤȣԷ
ѲȻĿ
ɣƳһۣ졣

Ϊǰգѵ֮ԼԽԽŤҲûȥʣҲ׼ȥڡ

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ѾͿŹ˻߹ǸһЦǸˡ

û£ҾͺܸˡЦۡ

ᰲУɧǱܳŵģֻǷӻظһոչŽ˶ȥⲻһߣ̾ͳһǻ׷һ
᰻Ȼ򣬡ԭˡ

ڣͷĻ֪Եɡ

һߵĹ˻
ͷڰֻ

£ÿЦˡ˻εǸ©ףôʲô˵
֪ǽӦҲܱܹһˡѰ˰֣˷˿ǻʱ¡

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Щˣͷ·գ˲סĿ׷Ѱ

ӦҪϾ᰻ǣһƥӦ˻롣

¶ҲûĿ⡣

ֻǵ˵µʱ򣬹˻ҲѾתͷط

пգչ˸һţдչܵĻӡΪ֮ǰĳЩ飬ĻӶɼĴ󣬹϶Ҳ֪ﲻС֮飬ȴϣһ·ܻշ
ڵǸʲôΣ˭Ҳ֪

˷ǲʹĻӣ֪ϵɺã
ϣʵ
˻ͬӹϵǰãôҲͬױܹϵòŶԡ

˻ȴѵÿЦҪʧˡ
ԳĹϵ㲻Ϻá






29.  ϲ   ĸܲ˱һ

Ԫµ, ³δʼů
ٵӰԽԽ٣ֻüԷ缲۶

˻ʱ⣬Щʲô, Цֳͬϥ³Ϊƫֳ
˹ͬȷˣЩãȷȥ, ˺үƫң˹ֳһ˫׶˽ǽ˹гס, һչֵܶˣһô˺үլǡ
Ļȴţֵܶ˹˹Ĺذ

СͲԸУҴԼͬǲԸġ

ͬӹദΨĻӣѪԵϵȴĻӡ
Ժ, ǺЩ, СʱǰܣҲǵͷ֮١

˻˴һЦ, ˷ҲȥݣǱܶɼء

ŵֳѲ֪ȥ
ֹģ˹˻У˻΢΢һЦ, ҲĲˡ

ҲûĻӡ

룬һ·Ļ֮䣬ܱܰɣö¶ˡ

ţȴ˻һʣΪһҪĳǰݣ

˻ĵŴ𰸡

е̫ӷ϶вͣ복üͷǰˣӰȡ¯ݹȥ

ȥȻȻ֪ˡ
Ҫ˻ͬһȥһˣֹΪ˽Ź˻ΪݵԷһ
С
̾˿Щֱ˵Զû塣

⿴һۣɫڣԾɫҲģ
׷ϴ󲿶ʱ󲿶ѾʼѸٵԭפӪ
һͬʱĻһֻһˣ

ͬкĻһ䣬ʱٸϡҲǶһۣתӪڡ
Ļæ½ո·ЩˡүҲЩϢջø·ء

ѿһ۹˻˶ӣһЦ

ʱʱɣҲѾѸٴ˽ã˷ѣӪϢ
⣬´ӼӪ֧һż״齣ͷ
˯ţɴǰͬҹɣһûһ˵Ż

̧ͷ죬ΪпѾ뿪ݰˡڳ̫꣬£ڿٳɳͬʱԵͼ˼Ҳվ
ʲô
һ߶Զ뿪ãȴһܹȥ
٣ˡ
䷱ʢеһжԶޱȵʡ
ɳٺãҲݰ

ɣľˮˮмõϣۼˮУɣҨһݸѣ𣿡

뿪ꡣ

˵룬϶Ǽٵġ̾һŹܼ壬Ҿ͸ݣаɣ壬ɣݵÿһˡ
ڳ¶ԼڼᶨҲҹ˾ʱ۰ĵݵһһľ뿪ǰսСԣݲԭƥеĺ͸ʮ
СԿ϶ѾҲ˲ԭýһƥ

ɣǴɣÿһСĵܵǣУͬҲûʲô

˿һ£ѣӻ룬񽫾ͬ񽫾ͣ꣬δҵҪҵˡ
˭֪ԴһجΣǳУ˵ڳ㲻˳Σ˳Ϊҵˡ

һﾪˡ
˼֮ʱͱĳػ嵭
񽫾޲߶˵ĳˣۼĸСѵաһصλʱ񽫾ǹѪͷ
˵񽫾߶ɮˡ
һݣ񽫾ͻͷ
ѷ

˵еҵ롣ѾԷ

ɣ˼ҲֻһʢַŵչС
һ޵ݸȥһ롣
һȥòԶһӪʡ

ÿһɻ󣬡ɣ磬ǣ

ɣչ޵ݹȥݵӻδЪ¿һ룬ҲЩú塣

æлӹŸӣŵеζ
ɣӪڿһۣת뿪

չޣֽӪڡ
Ӫֻһյ͵ƣ˻ڴϱĿۣɻбź

ɣ͹ζ̱ǵĺܣҪҪһ룿ȡ˸ӣζ̱ǣ̲סҪˡ
ƽõҩȣֵҲǲȵġ

ŵģͱߡҲûʹչޡ

վס˻߹ȥչ֭ʶؾüͷʳ嵭ݲʽر

ϡֱܷζͺҶ
ݽʿоʱΪȵ
²󣬰̫ҹȴ罵£ʪ͡
һҾƻȵֿ䡣

˻ȡһֻ״룬ʾһ룬һ룬ʣµȥһ֣Ұ⣬а岻С¡
üͷ޲ԶӦһŹӾ˳ȥ

һҹ˭ûߡ
ʱһζ
ʱյ˴˺Žǡ
ѸٵİӪʣ׼·
ҲѾ׺á
һޣƷ죬࣬ӣȫȻһҹδ˯ƣҽ
˻ߵķһۣĻӵķʼ·
*
·;У¿
Գ彫˻ͬˣȴҲͬ˵
ֻǷ紵˳֮ϵĺŮעĿ
Գ岻ϲŮӡ
ҲΪȥӽԷȢԷ
ŵ̬
û뵽ԷûһоڶԷС
ĸܲ˱һŮ衣

Ź˻Ŀ䲻Ŀڣϲ

ڵһ仰ƣ˻۾мƵ֪´˻⣿

ԳСߵģ⸱·¶ϵģһװˣôܲ˵ʲô

⣬ΪҪͬһȥݣ

ΪʲôҪȥݣ
⣬˻ҲʹԼ
Ϊٻ²ŻᵽµĿʱȤ
Ϊ˿ϣӢˬĺŮδ֮ԡ
Щδ֮Եʲô

Գƣ׵¶ˡ
ֻΪ龡һౡ֮
룬֮볼ͬġ
𣿡

㣡Գɫһ䣬Ȼƽ˻ûش⣬Ҳû






30.     ˻΢΢ʧ

ǰݵ·, ԶĸЩ
µļ·ҵϡãַ껯ѩʱ, Ţʵͱأݽ˵¡

ݽ˶ֻƳ

üͷ, ˴벢ݵؾ·̣У·ҲͰ, ˣشһʣ˵ǣԽУԽ
ԽǾеԽǽ
Һô磬ļ, Ǵ, ڸһϢĻᣬܹúõ״̬¸·

Ѳֹ, Ҳˣ벢ԽԽֻҪһжá

Ѵ;һ·ߣȴ˻վһߵ, ļμˮӱ¡

ߵԣڳ˼Ҳɵÿ档
Щʼѩεıѩˮ涼˲٣ҪͬӰƽ
ѷҲ֪ʱ˵ȥ
żôҲ

վⰶߣʱʱľкˮɽʪۣ·һӿˮҪ׾ٵĽ˾УҲϰ

Զɵֿ֮¡
ںУֻǲ׺һڡ

ֱЩΣգʶץס˵䣬һ

˻عĿתɻΪҪץסӡ

һɿ֣źӱ渵ÿˮ˿ɲ٣вóˮ֮ˡ

ͺǽҪˮĺͯ

˻ʧЦ΢΢ףлѡ

ѳǰ̧̧°ͣʾǰ·ҲŢ·̫ߣǶú·ˡ
·󣬵·ƽʱܾҪץʱ·ˡ
˲ݱ߾нʿӦǾܰˡ

˻֪ļҪȰοһһ֮ӿϺ䣬̲ס

һ·ϣ¶ޣԳ嶼ܲˣ˶Ƴʱ򣬴Ϣ
˻岻ãһ·ϣѴӲ˵岻ʵĻ
ЩˣͲǸὫʹ¶ǰˡ

򴽣Щ
ǲˣȰ˻ͬкݡ
˺ֻС
ù˻֮ϵˣٶŻȥ

ںӱߴ˲ӣԳæǶӣ룬λ

ԳҪʲô

߽ԳʱϢӪڣڼλǲʹڣʲô顣

ǽǲʹŸˡ
΢΢üͷԳгɼʲô鶼ոЩ˶ѾЩʲô˿ǽ֪

ԳɫãǽҲֻǵͷ˵Ĵ㡣
ͬҴһݣѺʴӲƵ

Ҳûͷԣɡ
ԳΪͻȻ㼱Уһʱ벻ס

Գ屾Ϊո··裬Ѳ˳ۣ̣кθ߼㲻ǰȥݣݵı

ǵ´УֳַҪô󲿷ֱ㣬Ǳһأ
ǰߣɽڶ࣬˭Ҳ֪ЩǲѾʡ
ºβٵȵȣӦǵıٺǽӦ

ѻ䣬Գ岻͵˷нǾξһȺں֮ڡΪȻ̬ȣŭѡ
ŵĻӣڽ̻Ի͵ĻʹУ֪ЩѪˣٱҪʳҪǵǮƣҪǻȥĻᡣ

ѴӲŭ𣬴˿ȴҲ̲סǵΪȺ˼Ȼں֮ڣΪôãݱûܽ𣿡

վڸߴ£Ƽ˱ϻҪС

ΪλݣҲ֪Ҳ֪
ɵûںݳ£ĻǺݰա
һӣں⣬ɲѩС
µݰյѵǲݽ𣿡

Գǵͨ죬˵ʲô

֪һ·ϣԳƲҲûͬԳͻǽԳǲԳðա

һ˿ã˼С

ԳƾʲôҪġ

ףΪι˹дһţҪʱסԳ塣
λı磬ͱȴ졣

Ƕ˻ãӪס̽ͷ

򴽣һ䣬ΪｻرҪʱȰ£ǧ֮ΪԼ룬ҲҪΪһŴĸ롭

仰Ҳ֪δŭԳ壬Ҳ룬ץ֮ͳȥ

Ҳûϵᶯ֣ʶؾͱ۾

ġ

ֻ豭ҵ˷һ죬ڵϣˤһƬ

֮еʹδۣǹ˻ǰ

˻΢ŭ

ѧϰ徭ټ֮ԣʱѧ˵Ͷ֣

һ㶣Ŵ˿̵Ĺ˻Щһûм˻ŭء

ԳҲûϵᷢչŹ˻Ķͷӵֻ豭һ顣 
й˻λεʧ
бŭ𣬾ɢ
ҧҧݺݵĶһۣȥ

ѲԣԳôͻȻˣæȥ˻Ķͷһŵôˣ

˻ҡͷû£ȳȥ˵

ͬԳ̸ɢ

֪ΪͻȻôżѳСľ飬ʵ벻ףԳôͻȻı˼ҪԼһأ

˻һϸ뷽ճһš

ݲö֪ͻȻתͬйء
ѵģ˻ǸһЦԳͬͣȻǲὫݸ

ױˣ϶ʲô¶

̧۾Ϳ˻ϵĺ˿ڡ 
ͬԳִ˵ȴǹ˻ȻѾ˰޲Чѵҩ˻ͷ˿ڿȥЩɲ
Գ֮Ȼô֡

ھڸǲס
˻ȫȻС

΢΢üͷǰŮӦԶкЦѹŶԡ

ڣ룬ҿ˷Ȱ´ͷ

һ㶣Ļʲôӣ

ѲսһɺŵģǱ㣬˱ǣִһ˿ů⣬ù˻΢΢ʧ
𣬺ܶǰμļأСȴּ̲ΣĴĴɼӰ

Ϊ˻ûشѸɴǰһΣӣ

˻ѹ΢һ㣬Ȱ˵֮£ͽɹĳʱˣЩϢ˵ѻش𣬱㳯ԳӪȥ

ѻüͷ

ҪҪٸƣôֻˡ
ô˼˻ûأ
Īֻ豭ù˻˵ӣ

ɣ𼸶ڣӲѹȥ

ɫˣӿЪɣãץʱ·̫ɽǰͬݱϡ





31.  ִﲢ   ڼĿ

Ҳ֪˻ʲô, ڶ峿Գ⣬󲿶һͬǰݡ

ǰ, ѻڵģԶԶľͿ˻ͷĲ֪ôģͰ
˵Ź˻, ֻҪ˻ڣ϶ѾɹԳȰס



ŽǴ˼ǰʻ
ΪܹӦĲݱ, ո·һֱͣ¡
峿·һֱ̫ҪɽʱڿӭĲݱ

˫Žӡ

סעʱǰȥѰ˻ʵں˻ôȰסԳ塣
ҹԳǼŸݡ
Ҽ׵ľͱŭ
һҪԭ
ɹ˻γɹԳȰ£

תͷλеıӭҪȥĶ

˵һϤ, ʱҪȥҹ˻, ˣϲס˵֣, ôˣ

ǰżеı䣬ǸŮӣٱԭŮӸ䣬źˬӢ
ѽס֡
Ļϲ, ôûңҲڲݣ

ɣǰ»һ˲ݣҲûиҲڲݰ

ɣͬɻ

һЦȻ֪ˣΪ͵͵ŸĲݡҲǰգٲű¶ǰֻȴҲûа취ϻݣŻЩӣΪҪײӭӡ

ѽ㣬϶ǰźЦΡ

ҲˣҲûһȥ

̣ǣסյ֣Ҳˣװߣ˵ȥͬ˵˵ҰΣҰзɼ

żæŵĶһ⣬һһĸš

࣬үϲᣬҲʱ
ȥճɲãзͽǰӶյļҲƣүΪ˺üѲӡ

ñһᣬЩͿˡ
Źˣͻ̲סʼ˼硣

æοһжãľˡ
ܲףֻҪһղسͻһֱġ

˵һݵ£պһЦأڳҵλˣ
û˲֪ΪһΣǸˣǧȥ˳ѰңһȥǴꡣ
˶ֻһΣ״ϻۣүԼ̳˵ķʽֶǣƫƫһλִԲ
ԭʵ۲ģگټѣү򸾶˶Ը볤

Ҳ̹ϣʱûС

ոոջ߸˵ģ⻰Ҳѷ˳

Ķ֪ܲΰοæתƻ⣬ˣʱ˵£ͬ˵˵ݵɡ

̸Ц˼ͬ˵˲ݵµ

ݶ꣬ʵǼõĲ֮أ˵˶Ե˽ǳ޿ɱ⡣ݱǰݱս̼˵档
һ£䲻̣ȴҲûܽˡ
˫ֲ£еĴ
ҲǲݱԽԽϣôЩ걻˴ʿ¡񽫾ǰֹҪˣҪʿҲæĲС

ϵӪʱѾҹ

ڣѺջ˵ͣɣߵᡣ

ӵˡ

л˵

ͣ£Я

շɿǣѵ֣ҪȥӪʣʰסȥϢñҵҹͱ˯ˡ
Ҷ񽫾߶ѵһãվߡ

һ۾ƼͬЯֳĳӪȥ˴żУǱĴ硣
ɵôǣһ˵֡
Ǹòǿݵðɡ
˵翪ţŮڴ˷ͽȥó׵ķס
һ

䣬㱻˻˼򣬹˻˵
˻ĿҲߵĶϣֱӰʧܲӪʺ

ǰӣסߣ

ջԼĿ⣬һлǰס

ӪŮ˴ĵطָ񽫾֮ŮӪҲҲССһΪҪ񽫾˼ʰһҲªֻһŴ齡
ϴһʲôߵǰ̽ͷȥҹͷֵǺᰡ

ӣôˣ

򴽣ȥǶƣǶҪȻҲȥϢɣšգһ˱㽫е鶼Ժ

ǣȥӦȾߡ

սͷ߹˭ôô 

ڴ齱ߣһͷ֪룬ֻͬս͵ڳʶһѡ 
岻ãҹܺЩ

˵ĶԣֻϮͬѲͷ˯ȥ
*
Ӫɫĸ磬ΪӪһ첻̫Ӷ𣬶ǽʿʼ

˻ǳߣסĵط䳡úԶһĿں

˫ۣһƬ
֪ˣӪ˵
Сֵܣˮġ

æ׼ӹԷеͭ裬ͷ㣬Ҿͳɡ

Էȴϣû¶ͽȥɣǴӳĹͣÿ˶ֵĵ

ʵ̫飬ֱƹߵǰӣˮġ

˻ѾۣѾĶԻ˸һ˿̱

˶ˮӪʣ̽Ľ˻һŷˮ裬Ź˻һ񣬣˳Ӫ⡣

ûʱ˶뷽ͬɣ˹˻סӪʡ

ٹһ˴Ͳˮͷ


ӶŲͬĽڹ˻ǰ¶һ
ëȻӣⲢݵĽʿǲ⡣ڳԶÿسţٹ̽ͷӪﶼһȺүǶôҲ顣

˻Ȳһڣ·Χ۵Ĳˣƽ͵ǲǲݵı

ûӦ˻ֵݱ

˻֪Щ˶Ҳѵǰ͸ָĶ
ЩֻѰ˽ڣ۲
ΪҪ۲˻һʱҲûס

ȹҩͷʻӿпգǽһ
΢΢üͷȴ˳ȥ
*
ѵõѳһأʱǴ
ϴһŸȥŶԣͬһȥ񽫾Ӫʡ

뻹δ߽񽫾ΧһȺˡ
޲Ӫɭϣнʿ㲻عأӪӡ
Ҳû񽫾𷣡
ˡ
Щ˱̽ͷۡ
ɣôǸС
ǣףݵⶼס
úÿ˵ҹӣòڣŮȻ

ȥ书
嵶ûУԺô̰

Щ۵ļң֪

ۣɻǰʵʲôأ

ոջɵΧһŵһȺˣ˲վţͬ񣬡¼

̧Ƕڼͣ

ǣ
ڼĿ
شˣ˵һݻȴһֶ
Цһ˵һ飬ڼ˭





32.  ࿴Ů   Ƕҵġ

˻ãȻɻ, ǰλ񽫾ͬ˽ĺ̫ͬ
ǰλ񽫾µºۼɼ, ϣһû۵˰̣ĳδʱо¡˺֮ơ
ǰ, ʮİӹ찢޲ڵֿ꽫ʿ, һսг¡
ɣ嫡ɡ˽ǰҰ򣬰޲ĶҲӢ۹䡣

мأɷޡĬԡӲǰڡ
仰дĸΪŹ֣˵λµĺޣ趯֣ھҪƽӲ˵

˻֪Ų, ˿ȴƬʧ, ǰλ˵ͣ廰Ļᶼûе񽫾Ǵеĺ
Ѿ콫˼ҵʮ˴˳
ֻԽ, Խ⡣ǧﱼҵˣôǸֲᡢ粻ܿأ
ĵһϸƤĺòҪ޲ŮһƤܶʲôأպ󶼵սġ
ӹǵƬֽƵ, ޲ЩСһƶܽˡ
Թ䲻Ը
˿赶Ū\\ǹͷԵ֫
򿴲˰дʫǹᾢɽ̿ĿɲǱʸӡ
ǶսϣʿѪ⻯ɽ̫ƽ
˫˳۵ʷԴԶ

ɻҪ࿴δŮ̬ȣؾʹЩ̩ɽ̬˸ֲ֮

˻ԷĿ⾡۵ס

һʼΪ񽫾Ϊ̽ĵϸ
ֻ񽫾ȫΧţ˼漮δݼֵж١ƽհʲô

ɺʲôʣҼţָʹһִϵ£֪ӿг²

ϱ˾ʮǰδֳָʹӣѧԨԴһִϵھȵʱ¡
˼ǻ׹ݣʶƵֻʱм־⡣

˻뵽ɻ޼ҡ
ǻʱһ㵭λ׷ԲԵ游Ӱ·ҲѾĿ塣
޼ûˣֻһլ
ʱȥ

˻Щţϰ洫

ص̾˿ͷŸĶϣҲûˡ

˻ڲסʧãȻǿҡ
ЩͬƷй֮£㲻̽ĵϸ
ôʣڡ
˻˸𰸡
λ񽫾࿴Ů

˼ӵܣЩӹšķ¡
ࡣ
ɱʣӷмλ澼檡

ʵ̫¶ǣҲ̫ʧ
˻Цⶼάֲס

̤Ӫʸͷֹ壡

ɻϣȴϲЦտϵ˰̶Եºࡣ
첽ߵѸǰѴһأͰ겻ˣҲ˲١

ѷɿһ۹˻

Ϊ̫˼˻ܱ򶨣Ķȴ͸¶˿ӦüΪӡ

æݻ˵壬ͷؼ棬ʹӵ˽ء 

ɱͬڴ˵أСҿųģиҪúΪúðѹأ࿴δ
ⲻֻغδҲغǰ޲δ

ǶҵˣƽĻصݡ

ⶼʲôʲôѽ
òһƬģ˵Ƭô˵ط
ۼ񽫾Ҳͣ
æҵ常ҵ飬Ȼ԰æѹء

ˣӲҪҵǸˣҲδ

Ҳһ۹˻ɵǣôͬһݣ

Ѿ͸ͷˣһ仰ͬͲ͹ӳȥͬ˵

ɻش𣬱Թ˻ʹɫӣ񽫾оҪǲȳȥɡ

һδ껰ء񽫾δ¹˻

æ˻֣ӣɡ

˻ѵЩִٸУò𣬡ȲŽˡ
߳񽫾Ӫʡ

ͷһѷΧǰİ޲ʿĿƵؿˡ
ǱЩȵĿ⿴顣

ѿó٣𣿡
ôδ˵ĻѾˣ

Ⱥ˼ƺˣһɢ

˻һ
𴲿ʼӭЩձĿߵ񽫾Ӫڣ񽫾ԽԽֵĻ⡣
һЩмܲס

ߵԶȺƧ

֮䣬·ͷա

ߵĺŮͣ£վǰһ˫ĿҴǸ

ӣû뵽һϣ񽫾û߶߶˻Թ˻ٸʵס
˲֪ģΪ񽫾ù˻ء
Ҳǹ˻ƢãҲû
ǱˣԳǰԣͷȥˡ

ûʲô⣬϶Ϊûм㣬Ż档

Ҳû⣬Ҳ̽㣬ֻǡ
˴ˣ㲻ùʲôһͬԺͲٴ㡣

ѵ˵Ϊ˻Ϊù˻Ů

ǧ㣬ûţ˲һ£ȻҪ˻񽫾Ӫнȳ 

˻üͷ֪в֪νͣǣҵȻףö͡

˻ЦЦ˳ƾת˻⣬ұȽϺǣλĬԵĺ񽫾Ʊ硣
Щ⣬ʵּֿջشһ¸

Ĭ⼸֣ͬ˿ûйϵ̾
˿Ҵ񽫾Ĭԣ¾û˻ưˡ
СƤӵ³󣬱õӵĻܽ˵ƿԡ
λ𾴵ĳСֻҪϲҪǳԣͬദˣס

Ź˿š˻Ծȡ

Gϸ˵˵˵ô׫µģڳôãֻ˵Ҹֻһָܴһƥս˵ЦЦ

̫ߣǶ˲֪Ѿߵ˸ߵأԶƼԶУϣڲĽʿ
ʿǵĶ뻮һ䲽ͬһʱ䡣
öվϣСʯӶ΢΢š
ݽʿɫԲ̹죬ݽʿźɫԲ̹죬ָվɷӣ޷

ӣ֪ΪʲôݵĽʿǴһ۵ĺɫս𣿡Ѻʵ

߾̣ʿÿսܾδˣΪ˲óϦദսѷģһۿס˿ѪҲԹսֱǰ

սֻۣսۣҲѾ˽ʿһ֡

*
ãߵֻʣ¹˻һˡ
ĿרעУϵĽʿǡ

֪Ӻδ˳мڵ˺üȦӣ¿ˣôһվڷأ

֪ЩŶֱ˸±һºòӳġ
ϵĲмס߿ࡣ

˿飬һľȥ䣬ֱڲſϷѰӡ֪ͬǺѣܺӣֱҪΪסýӸˡ

üһһʲô·УҪƽӲ뵡һ£Ȼվ͸Ӷˡ

߶߶Ӯ˼˼¡޾ϸظ˹˻ûõӦ̲סӣô˵ǲǲ

ҪȻȥЪ˵ĻӾҪݳǣӿҪƣ

˻ڿ˿ڣƣ

ɿԶɬ˵ҿʲôأ

ָ˭ΪֳһԲͬ𣿡ûͷԡ
ǰ˵ӡ

Ĵ𰸣
˻Լ



ǰ
*
ѼֱǾźҪðˣŽ񽫾Ȱס

壬Ժɲˣ˼ҹΪֵҪҲãһٸųô죿
һָ˺֮Уջء

񽫾ĵ忴ſһСĶܾͱų
˫۾ǲԭϵһ׺ݾء
ҲǰСûƳһ 

ѾԼǽ񽫾ȰסˣպٶԹ˻ͻ飬мܲס
֪Ϊǰ޲Ļϲ⣬ҪԹ˻ء

˲۹˻˵¡





33.  ٰ   ҿɲٰޡ

ѩӰ޴, 뾳ڵĵ·Բߣͨݵ·Ȼƽһ·Ҳͨ, ǲʹڲݻգż·

ѷѾԸȥ׼Ź˻
ȺСӣ峿ʼϦ, һֱڹ˻תơ

ߣգŹ˻ݻ, ǰȥѰ˻˵벢ݳһʱոռŹ˻һ޼ɵڵŹ˻ޣգӳÿÿ

ĹӸöôÿ𣿡, ֪, ô˿һȥ

˻ãȻѣһ, յӣգٺ˵ҿɾҪ壬ҡ
Ҳ˵ˡæ
Դ˲ݣɾһ, շߣһԽѣ뿪Ӫ

˻ǵһؼգճø֫޳ݺһֱж磬˵࣬һʵɡ

Ѻ޽ٵ⡮ɡ䣬ֹ޼ģ
΢΢üͷ
Լµǰλɸλж硣
ﻹЩ
δйĸܡ
ȴԾؿʼִ

λǣ

æܣλ񽫾Ůգѣӱ֡

Ҳ󷽷Ĵк˵һĹٻ˵ӽҰվͺá

˻ףòĻһ

һĿ˻Է΢΢һЦǫѷĳڵҹӡ

֣ոôһ˲Ź˻ϲأ
ɹ˻˺񣬽ձ޲ʿһ綼ŭͬղͷһؼ棬᲻ϲأ
Ȼˡ

˻ڵ֪к£

ȥݳпȥȥ
ԭǼ£Ҳǰ

Լ˵ڶսǵʱѱ˻ǡ

˵ڶգ磬ͬ᰸ţ˻ߣзš
С
дһɫ۴Գ塣
ҲҪһͬǰȥݳС
Ծȡ

ͬԳԴǰһ֮󣬾Ҳû档

һΪ˻ͬͬɫۡ
ѲŷԱֵܣòж
ü۴ֿȫȻһϸȴر𣬹˻໤֮µü㣬Գȴ䵭

˵ԳǱã˻ͬԳǱֵܡ
ͬԳüȴȫ
Ϊĳ࣬Գ˹˹ĳࡣ

ԳĽδ⣬һԲվԭء
һλӱͬľ룬Ӳͬ˭̫׽Ϊ˹˹У֮УҲͬԳϵֵ̫
۹˹Ҫ̵˹̵ʱĵġֻΪ˱ݶʦ⣬ԳĲСƢ
Ŭ˵Լ

ȿ˿ڣҲҪһ𣿡

Գۿкβףѵ·Ҳ˲ɣ

һüԳҪȥ

˻վ˶м䣬£ʱҲˣǲھͳǰС

һȥʮĲݳڡ
һ·ϣֻѹ춯

˻ԶһԲˣ̲ס΢΢̾˿
˲ǱãԸﶼͬĺԡ
ЩĽ
ˣǱĸ۰ų
˵֤ԼԶɳŬͷһƬ졣
иĸΪ֧ţԾǰ·ܴĥˤͷѪҲӲη塣
Գǡ

Ѹǡ
Գ˵һżǿȴ㹻ġ
ɵÿʼ棬ݵĵط˵ˡѵ󣬳ģ
ϾλгĬԵĺޣ

ҪͶ˹ϵ
ȴ˳ڵ

˵ǣȥݳڣλܴ˲ʩĵط

ԭĲɿŴ⣬˿̱רĻش˹˻⣬ңǰɽ״Ǵҽλմ˱㿪̣ѵİһȷܶȹĺ

뿴ʲôĴˣڴ˿ɢףرİˡ

Գۼ£Ŵԣ䵭ڵλԱ⣬ǲ̣õ׽ǳɹȲ׿

ŴһҪڹ˻Ƕˣ֣֮ȴ޽ΪǶ˵͵ϣ׶ŭ

ңڵδʱ˿ʩһ࣬ѾĶ˰ɡ

ˣ𣬾ʹûܹʳĿֺ࣬αǷضأ

ʱܹŽʿвƤŰǼյӣûֻ赭д𣬱ܡ

ĴӣС谮ʼȡĳ
δ˼伲֪̬࣬
˵ľЩβʳӡ滰
֪ԼҲЩǳΪǵëԲлҪߣྭһܳɳ

Գ˫ۿ΢΢Щݡ
ֻƬ̺ƿĿ⿴˻˹˻ŵĻΪڸǱյӳ˿ڣĿ΢ȴԵ㲻úˣΪǿʩࣿ
˿ҵĲ٣ȴ֮١
ˣΪѡ

Ͷ԰ѳɼ˿˳ۡ

ӵƺЩ𣿡ҲĵĿ˻ջþҽҩȥ˻Ҳ֪ЧΡ

˫۾ſ˻ֻδƤѪСˣǲصġ
ôǸʮĳӣһСֺα˹ġ

Գһתͷȥ˵

һǾͺã˺˾ͺá
˵˻˵ף˿̾ڶ档
϶Ҳûͬ˻ǸԹ˻ûɫ
׼ģֻ˹˻һţûλĻӻĻӵ档

Գǻӣݱ߹󣬿⣬ҶΪϰһͬʡ

һʼԳƽϵĴԺ󣬺ʵıΪҪأܲҲҪͬһȥλܴˣܴ˵࣬ǺȲµġ

Գۿ˵ȥģҾȥ𣿡

Ȼǣ·죬ߵãȻҲߵá



ۼ˱žҲҪܣ˻̾˿
ˣֻҪŲ֣Ǳˡ
Խ֣˺񳳵Խ

ǵݳţйٱأŶӹ·

ǣȻǲܱ¶ݣһ׼ȡ˱õ·

·򿪣ϸ·ϵݣǴ̻ǰѰס

ҪҾϵʱѷ˳·ɣǰŸģδϸء

Ȼ᷸Сûϸ·ϵĹϵ

⻧»ӺͼҵܼǰѰס

·ϵĹϵϸһء

ǹ˻ٰ磬Ҫ˻»ӣ

Ϊ΢ǣٰȻûʲô
ɴ˿ȴЩŤ
֪νȥ

ԳѰŻͿʼôÿ·𣿡
Ѳע⣬ֶе·

ݹϹޣлϣܣϹ˳

ԳЦһҿɲٰޡ

˵·ݸ˻⻧






34.  ɩɩ   ֣ɩɩǾ˵ġ

ɣŴ, 񽫾̧ͷôˣ

ɣʲô, ЩЦ⣬ɫְûʲô󰭣񽫾û⣬ְʱͬһɽ

񽫾ͷ, ǵɲҲ֮ζУ˷, ֻҪס˷ɽֻΪ̽·ñǣʹɽҪġ
ɣһ׷丸洫
һĹȫΣǲ볤ġ
񽫾ڲŽɽ̽·һ¡
˴ɣȵ˲ݣúú÷ӲòŶԡ

, ְסɣ𽫺ɽͼս, 뿪Ӫʣȥͬ˷ɽͬɽ֮¡

񽫾ư죬, ٵȵȡ

кηԸ

񽫾˰֣ɣ˵ڶҪͬλ֮䣬ûϵ

ǰǰյ, ɣܹѿڶһ䣬Ȼûϵ

Ͼһʼ˻㱻϶ҪѰ֮ˡ

˻ǹ˼ҳӣ˹ֶӣĹϵ۸ӡ
볤ĺѡ
˿ͬǣȻҲͬ˻
˼Ҹǲù˻ǰ޲Ů

ǹ˻
֮ˡ
˻йص飬֮С

ǰɣŹ˻˼Ȼ͸˼룬㲻֮İ˵Ĺϵá
Ҳôġ

Դ򳤰ͬ˻֮Կʼ˻ĽȴԽԽࡣ
ڿ˼ұԺڶӺС
Ҳûǰƶͬ˻ǲǻ¡
ӴС󣬴ϻ侲˼ҵʱ
ֻλˣ

رһ£󶯣һ
ɲԺ󣬺ıȴǰࡣ
Уûй˻ԭ
ɣãûס

һ飬Уͬ˻ɿֵġ
ɿֵԴָ顣

˼Ƭ̣ڵְ룬˼

ЦһȺСôûء

˰֣ˣȥ
ɣһߣ񽫾ȡֽԶݵľҪУһҳֽǰүүδŮи׼

*
·˳˲ݳǣһ˱ͽڽϡ
Ϊ֮ǰ˶˱װ
ڲݳǵĽϣҲôۡ

ֵԣһȥŵĵ̣ʮָͷĹŽյĵ̣Ҷ˻ңŵĵ壬ſȸ

Է£ϯضģӳǨıñӵиͯɫľһǶŲ֪ӺδѰĳʳæѰҾ죬ʱ˷·һ

ϻʱʱֵѲ߹ٱά

˭ûȥעǵİˡ

嶼͸˥ܵ

ǰ˳ʳĲɿĹٱǿѹ£̲סüͷ
ʮǰǷ֮ءλǱǧҲϧ̰īлΪݳ˾

ݵ˥ܷʴ𣬶λλݵĸĸ̰
ʵǿɱЦ

һ·ܴʩĵطȥ;ԽԽࡣ
ԳæȰ£ۿɲǰȥˡ
ô࣬Գڴ˳£鷳ɾʹˡ

˶ף˻Ĵһۣһ跻ţ¥̨ܶǰһš

ȥ跻¥Ҳܿ

˽˶¥ֵѲǵĶǺüΣܼʩ಻ϣҲܼﴦѲά򣬴˿ָ̱֮ˣʩľԱͬˡ

Ա򸾶˽ʮͷͣŲ̬֮ԡ

ܼҷձʩÿؼǣǷ·𶼱һࡣԽ͵

˵ݸͿʼȼ񣬵ܼҲȻơ

ܼĴ֮Ұ
ոп

跻С˲ˮ¥պյĻ
ЦŽӻλͣǲʿ

Աʱɲˡ

Ȥ𣿡

˵ݳи̵ⶼɲ跻Сʶ˵ı»еģΨһһˣͨһڸǲסһ㲻ͨˡ

һתæҾЦССЩ¶һ˵ġ£Сϰǲ跻ϰǲݳİ²֪²

ȻӦڳƺ
ˣ
ƺʡ

򴽣ֻͬ˰˿ŵĹ˻

հ׼λ·νΡ
ջڽǰͷ˸˷١Ϊʾ·ϵĹϵԡ
һڽϣţͬ˻ߡ
Գ廹Ƕ벽ǰ

ⲻȥ룬˿̾СΪˡ
žͷǹɱŤҴڡ
Ҳ֪˻롣
᲻Ϊ׼ôһ·Ҫ˻ٰޡ

ͬ˻֮䣬ûŮ֮顣
ҲֻΪ˺ڲݳ߶
Ϊʲôһ̹Ȼأ

СڵĻش
ȴѾȥ

СɵĻһˣ

ڻشȴǹ˻ɫǱϰǽһԱĹ¡

գλԺСȥСϲЦտ¥ȥˡ
¥һɫĿˡ
Գ彫˵鶼̲סЦһ

ȱɣ˵֮ˣһⱭ衣

ǰ˱裬ڻعæĿƵ豭ϣлӡ
ȻԼŹ˻˿һյʱ䡣
ε̲ס˲ͺ

յΪλΣ
֮ǰ͹˻ദļȻ

Գţ䲻Ŀڵ뱻˿αװݣֹôҲЩ
ݳɻڽأ跻ϰǷͽͬٸٱ𣿡
ԳŶĲڣ˲豭ʹ֣ɩɩǾ˵Ķ𣿡

ɩɩ
Ѻһ£ЩûܱˮǺš

ҲȻ򣬽վΪıһ·ɿ𣬺˻˵
ҪԳ塣

ľ¥ȴ춯ǲ跻ϰСһͬˡ
ǱǣŬԼ

跻ϰѸߣȴǼ⡣

һ˻үͬˣһˡ
Ϸ˿ʮĲ跻δλ䡭
ǽѺ͹˻һͨĿޡ

˻һϰĻ磬ʵϰ岻˵˵λԱ⣿

跻ϰ£Ų豭ڵǶǶʮǰˣԱ⻹Ǹʮ߰СһҪͷأĲݽڶʹбأ㱨ϧѡգƫӣδܱѡӪ

һ֮£λǲʲôϰ϶ǺþöûпԸԲ˵л˹ӡ

Ͷδɣһ׳Сһ֮£ʲôĳأ

һʶˡ

˻Ҳ΢Ŀ⣬

ֻԳ壬װŪһס
ᣬ˻Ҳɽӣķ
ǲ²ϰ廹ֱ˵ˡ

ϰ̾һʮ߰׳Сܲüһŭ֮Ͷ˵ʱְ
ְŽٸƶĿںţеȴǴҽĹ
ְԽԽۼְв˲ݵİȫϽڶʹ׼ְ
ʱְĳׯԱķˣȻΪǿͽû𡣡
ȻȻͶף֪˹ٸְľݵ㣬ڰŹٸְ𡣡
ٸְʱûɱˣ˴󹦣֣ˡ
ܷҲ꣬˽ԱԴ˱㿪ʼˡ
ҲǸԼΪ

ϰпţԱûܷˣͬķͽҲ𡣡
˵ƻжվҲ˵Ӱ졣

һ





35.  ͬһ   Ƕкθɡ

ϰ彲Ĺ, ĵǴ˼˳ԱǵһˣҪ˵ܷ˲ǣԱ;֪, ػֵ֮еԱ⣬Աơ

ңңؿǡƼԱӸܷ˲֡
ǺһԶޡ

񽥽ɢȥ, ҲףܼʰŹư裬뿪ˡ

, ȥݷܷˣأ

˻޲ɣҲǰݳһ䡣

ԳյϢݽڶʹ֪˳УҪ
䵭Ŀ˿ڣɩɩȥһб£ӪǰڳŴ
, һ, Ȼ˵, ֺɩɩǧ˽Ҵٰݡ
Ǻú޽٣·ͬ˻ѾǼѰ׵лһˡ

ﳤȥ

Ѻ͹˻

򴽣Գ̫ˣҲǿҪڵͣΪλôɣۺ͹˹ǻ۹, ǷǷ֮ˣô̵ܽôһ
ｫԳϴ潵˹ɡ

һ仰ʹ뿪跻
͹˻ڴˣηΧơ

Ų豭˼ͬ˻Ȼһ·ϣϦദΣǸǺã

ӡ



룬һڣͬʱ

˵

ѿ˻˻ǹһĨǸЦݣ氢ǸΪ˶ķ
ԳѡлݣҲʱ˹ΪȡСͬ֡
⵹ˡ
˻ʱԳ徹ûжų⡣

˻ǣԳǰȴΪԳƺ
ипͬڹ˹ϥ³Ȼͬ
˼˻ĸţ˺үм޼ӣ׽ĳҲˮʡ
й˹ĸշɹ˹ܹ鲻ĸ
Щף˻ºͬЩϵ

һ·ϣΪԳһֱ·ϵȡЦж಻ڣ˻Ϊѣٰһ£ǽ⣬ȥ㡣

һſεηΧ˿ɢƽ̬Թ˻
һЦҲ֪׼·˵ЩҲںֻҪ㲻ͺá

ĲһԱ𣿡
ǿҪǰˡ

Ƕĵܼҷ򸾣˻ʵûȤ˽⡣
֮ˣƶУвض񣬶дƣ֡
ǰĹԼҪµġ
ֶѾˣҲûȤٿ
Ƕкθϵأ

ֻкڼȴһ䣺Ҳá
һתͷȥԸ飬ûƼ˻Ƭ̵Ȼ
˻Լģղ֪ôˣ·Ѿʧء
ⲢǺס

ܼѾ׼ظǱ뿪跻׼ȥ

°ͣͬλദͬ˿ǲһ㡣ʲôʱĹ

СԸ񼫺ãͬȺദҲóӵͷ
˶һͬʣ衣

ſͬλദտףֻ˹һ棬ΪҪҪúù۲λӣӲǿҪѰҵˣڿҲǼر֮ˡ

ֻаɵѾͷΪ̫С۸Ҳ֪ӾͶģ˲ͬ
ɴɺãҲֻΪɱ۸ϲ
ǶλףƷԸǲ׵ĹӣȷŮ鰮ΪʲôŴرأ
벻ףȥ֮úõ

*
ܴŷ޴ţҪ߽ţһöŮ

ʶλԱܷͬ𣿡

ܴɻתһ
λİˣܴûڲݼ
Ѿߵǰܴɿʵλǣ

ƫͷŹ˻һЦ˻ڵҶλǴѰ׵ģԱܷڲݵƾ٣ݻᡣ
Ƕ˼Ȱޣ͵а޵ӡ

ܼڲи썆
ܴæϷв̧֮ͣ١

ѼԱ˿˿޶ϲɫܼҵĹ۸иࡣ

ܷ˱ԶԶƼʱԵͰԼҷĸ첲ѵүÿǰվŵĵ

ܴЦ˵ǣλ

ž͸á

ܼڲݱǸ֮ң˵ֲǳعƶ࣬޽ķҲܼҲƹӰڣڹ۾ϡ
ѽܼһš
ܼĴլֻݵĻ̳Գ˿յء
ƼܼҵͥһǽͥԺһΪ
ɻŴܷ˲Ŷԡ

һ߽˴͵Ĵ

ܷѾ˴һأЦʣλɲŮòһԱˡ
ĵСӦ»鲻ãȥЩɬӡ
䡣

ˡѵͷһЦ򱻵٩¸߶̧ͷ

ܷˣ˿̱ʣѰ׵ģѰã

ȥʱбɽֹһأв˱ȥݸѰס

زģѰѣɽҪѰ֮˸ͬҼүܰæĵطһ
ĳͷһؼİˣԮְǡ

ܴҲһԵϷڴ˴̶꣬ǾܸϷҪѰ֮˭Ϸ˱ܰҵ

űȤͷ
˻ƳȻȻӹ˻磬л˷ͬǰΪѰԶ޲ݵļҽմ󣬷֪ǰЩѾȥ˽ϼң½ͬӽǰȥ

˿ǰݷλ

Ա򸾵󣬾࣬»ȷʵѰģԱϷڲУÿޡ

˻ȻһЦ˵ԱαǫδǰѾ˵ƾ١

ܼԱȥ鷿ԱǸϷ£ȲЩĲǡ
ۼʱˣܼҲ׼š
Ա뿪ǰǴֲ赭λں硣

ܷҲҪ񣬱㰲һͷϢ
ü˴ǰȥͷϢ

ͷͱͥǶǽߡ
ᳶ˳˻ӣʵ˵ܼΪʲôҪͥһǽլأ
˻̧ͷȥܼԺǽض⡣

ǽܼҲѾ⻰ЦҼүԸģܼһΪǽǱ߷ָӵĸסأǽţȽϷ㡣

ܼҲֹʩˣլֳܷһסš

λϢɣʱλ

лܼˣվڷǰоǶǽ

˻Уڰɫ

ܼҾᶼóñס塣һ߸иţһ߻ߡ

һۿ˻ڴϣֻһţЩǰŵĴŷⴵķƮ˻Ӱ˻üۡ
ֻ뵽ʲô䡣

˹ȥֽƽ̯ڹ˻ǰϷһֻɫƿɢŵĲҩζ

쵽ʱˣܼǰ緹ǰҪԵҩңȡһҸ㵹ˮ
ҩƿʱյ飬;źЦ

ҩҩÿնðʱãһȥܼңʱǰδһҪȰҩҼʲôãҩһʵͷۡ
˵ʱѶˣƽҩҪȰ𣿡
ĬĬĵ˵ͷ

Ѽ˷ԣ˻˿ֱ̲ӽƿ˹˻Уȥ㵹ˮ

תȥǰˮ
˻ͷеƿƿһ¡
Լһƿϲȣر





36.  ʲô   Ҳ̫˰ɡ

ܼҳƮ˷㡣
ͥǶǽҲ˶, ƺ˶׼š

û˼ȥǷˡ
ſ򣬶˵һһ
ò̾ʲô, Ŀġ
˿̹˻΢΢ü̵ˮͷһźɫҩ裬Ҳ续㡣

ſ򣬽˾ӡԺ, ȥ֮Ӧý˾£ܾ˳УЩĽ˻Ů١
һ벻, ˻ãȴһ㣬ϲҩ
ⲻؿ˹˻ССȱ㣬Ц

˻ӣָԼ˱裬˹ĺ

ѱ㿴Ź˻裬ҩĿζ, 뷨

ܼ, ллӣҼҷλǰȥš

ܼһͬǰãܼѾȫ, ഩŴªˣҲԼλϣʳСͷܼɵطֲ͡
ϸһۣܼͬЩʳõĽͬķˡ

˽һǰ, ݷ˹Сˣаˮ󵰡

ܷ˳ǶǸֲ赭Ҳ֪ϲ϶λζܿСޣǳ˼ңܶûªķˡ
£ܼҲֻóķдˡ

㿪ڣȴع˻ʱܵһݷˣѾףͬӸм

⻰д˶졣
ѻɲǽʱͬԳ嶷ʱ˵Ļ
˻Ǽˡ

ܷЦǾͺããǲȥǰͷȡҪкˣҲ˵̫û

ܷҪȥȴһܷˣһ¡

ߵܷԣСи֮롣

лӵ˵޷
ѱ㸽ߵЩ֪󸮿кǣ
˵ĺܷȴףеģ

˻λϣ˿Ѹܷ˶ȥһֱѻꡣ

Ѷִϡ
˻֪ȥʲôʵǣ

ѽִƵǰʱһϲЩȥ˳룬Ҳ
Ҵû¹֪ζϲʣ
ںɫЩɣոշǵʱζͶǣҲ֪ζֲ֡

˻ԣһڣȵζĿǻɢǰǹĿζ

ʱףǸ˭׼ġ

һڣ㽫£ɫζ

⻰ģִںһڣζ̫壬·ͷϣ̲סü
ǷŶˣֱJ

£СֹҲ̫˰ɡ
ʣµķֿ࣬ʣµĶ¡

Ȳϲȣͱˡ˻̾ȥһ衣
ÿٷҪһƷأ
˻û˿΢΢һĨЦ

Ѻһڲ裬ǳ嵭ǹ֮ζСôԣҷȥȡʱﻹ˵ѵãֻܼҳϱӣҪ壬ǡ
Ѿſϧ֪ˣܸܼʡһ

̾һЩʧ䣬ҹû³֡
ϣȱˣҲȻ
룬ʱżѧˣһѧͻᡣ
ǣᣬǾ¹鸮ָŮһˣԲҵȱ

ôһ򵥵ˮ󲻺أ

˻Ĭض˱һԵĴִ룬غ꣬Ҿζպá룬û¶쳣ɫ

Ѻɿ棿

˻˵ͷһЦš

Ļش𣬼˿̵飬˵
ѡţʱҩˣζͬЩͬˡ
ǿҧһڣڸȻֲڣǳá

˶߷ֱͣˣٷȴǽеĲˣԹˡܼʿɻҪʱѵЩŵľܾĺ⡣

ܼ඼Ǹˣȥ岻ãŻᱻܼҽӵһƬߣһٷܰȶȹʱա

ùţѱܷ죬ȴܷæµѣ״ͷܼҵĿѾﵽ

ͬԵĹ˻Ҳˡ

˻ͷӦá

ȥУܷҲûǣֻһȥݵ·ҪעⰲȫǿҪߵܼҴʱи˫ѾٵСѾͷл

СѾͷһɰлӣҼҷ˸׼ģ·Ǹʹʱͳһ顣

˻ɻѣ㲻𣿡ôûƳ

ԼǰܷҪʱĽڣɲ˵Լʹ
ֻǣ⻰ȴͬ˻˵æɰӹлѾˣллǼҷˡ

СѾͷתıȥ

ѽɰ򿪣ͷеĹļܷôæȴһСأɰϸսУ˻˵ûʲô󰭣ҽ뿴Ѿˣǻȥɡ

ĴϣֵԷ£вɹ̫
ǱУ˻ɫʵܹܼҶݵİգһֱܼҵĶ𣿡

ɫãԼѡ

̧ͷʵΪأ
˻һ·ϣܸܵе仯鵭Ȼ֮
˻һ˺֮УҲֻΪУԭ
ʵⲢΣΡ
񶼲ԼΡ

Ѱ̾˿

Դܹݵİգ᲻סܼҵĶ飬ܼҲ⡣

˻ͣ˽Ųͷӵ⡣

ѼɫأҲʵôˣ

ݡʲôأ

˻Ÿտڣ֪Ӻδ˳Ŷ˴æйһ񣬺ӣŴˣǿߡ
ͬҲϵǶ˳ȥ

˵̸ʹ˴ϡ

ѱ߱ʣ˺£

᰼ձһᱻǣԭڳſŶӹ֪ΪΣͻȻͷ˳ͻɥŴҳһࡣسǽԸһӺرճţĵѾڳȺǡ
ǵøڳű֮ǰȥȻͻᱻڳУո·Ͳˡ

ڸڳŹرǰǡ
⻹Ҫǣֻö߿쳹ʣ޺г˾־
˭ҪΪܻȥҪأ
ǲݸ͵ÿ׼ǣôͻȻ
Ѳ⣬һ·ſ޺ǰ

سǽʿӦǵԳķԸһ·̤˻س̵

Գеǣл˷ͽ̽£˵زô˵

ѿڳſڼһŵǼڴ˿ҲﲻæأȴҲ֮һš

ʱɵ飬ȥ·ϱԵЩء
ǵ˲ݺͷһֱ沢ɽ˶֣ʧİǷʧصĳ

ɫ̫á
ؾӪ·ϣ˴æŷĽʿ·ؿ

ǻصӪأ񽫾Ѿ֪֮£ȾˣҲ֮侲
Ŵ壬֮£Ѿֹһ

ͽѾƽɽжգλͽ֮ףļֶνԲڻ£岻ʱͻ»֮¡
һ

񽫾˼ճǰݣмĪ͸¶ݡ

ѵ˵ͷܲ鷳㲻鷳ɡ

˶顣

Գ䲻ĿڣȻˣ·Լںݽá

˵һ£ɢȥ
ס˹˻ȥ·ǻڳУ˵ʲôû
˻ЦЦǴæ·ɫЩ԰ףûʲôطϡ





37.  ٰ   ĶСޣﲡ

ɫʱ, ضӲפǰݡ
ֻ˴ڲݵѺʣС
һװ磬ɰǼлһǰݡ

񻻳ţ, һ·еĲ죬ǰݵȺУۡ 
һʼԳ弱Ÿݣִͬһء
, Ǹȥݵٶȱȳ˲ֹһ룬Ȼ˳ס
Ѳ棬˻ʹʲô, Գ

Ҳ֪ǲΪлһˣԳ۲һٶ
˶ͬ˻˵Ƕ˲ԺԳΪֻԳǳɡ
ֻй˻Ƕм䣬ʱõһ

һʱ, һں̲, ߵԳԣԳۣľ֦, 磬̸̸𣿡
һ·ϻҪദգҪ̨Գ̨ܺദҲù˻мΪѡ

þлҪͬ˵ԳЦһ, Ц
̾˿Ż磬ֺ֮αأ
Ǻôһ

Գ˿ʯͷģ֪ʡ
һʼȲԼңΪβֱ˵űΧתܵɣԳûܹ裬ֻбû׷СһѾͷƬӽڽŵ¡

ֻЦԷǣ̲סЦ
Գ屻ŭЦʲô

סЦ⣬ɫЦ⻰˵ˡ
˵ţԳɫŭ
Ҳ⣬һʼҾʹû˵һԼң𣿡
ҴһʼûҵĻΪ룬Ϊֵĺԣǲˡ
ϾУҵĻԼġ

Գɫ΢䡣
˵Ļ޵
һʼ⿪ʼֺѣҲˡ
ŵЩϯ͵ЩΪͶáɢġ
ȷʵûʾƫ˭
ȥǶĶͬ˲ֱ

ͷЦе˵ҲȢңΪξ;һжҵĴͬأ
Գ嵽ΪҪȢԼǸ˶ΪǰŮ볤ܹǣĹؼ
ûģԲĴ㡣
ѾźЦĵط
ԳҲҪȢΪεԳ廹Ϊ⽫ϲڽ£ɨء

㣡ԳüëһҪﲻסŭˣһɨԶǶ˵Ĺ˻ǽŭѹ¡

ǸʸǰĺˣŮ볯ò磬ȻὫҷԳ廹Ӳºݻ⻰˵̫࣬û취

򴽣֪ôģ޷ǾֻһŮӣΨһܹΪģԻΪ롣

һ֪ǸҲֻᷴͬ˭ףҸ׺Ͱ޲ͬ˭Ľѣݺͳٴάֽܹϵ
ȫˡ
Ǹҷֻû˳£Ūġ
Ц磬˵ЦЦ

ʮֲ̫ѾУЩۣ̲ס۾ľٶԵмġ

ٴο˿ڣЩƮ
Ǳ磬ǸŮӲ٣ҲͬǸѽ
ϻȥÿһˣѵͲи˵Ը𣿡
ҵȻΪ׳ҵһУݣ겻ҵȻҲҪΪԼһزǡ

⻰˵ìܡ
ңѡ
Ϊ˴壬ͻҡ
ƫҪѰһƽ⡣
ҲȥԳķӦѡһСʵʯͷЩɾȥʯͷˮһʮ£ųӵס

˻ĵطЩ룬˵
ӣ˵ͬĵ˵ʲôأɱֳҩ˹ǿǺӱ߶ˡ
ġ˻Ȼͷҩ룬ԥƬ̣ӹ뽫ҩһ
ͬҲΪͬȤѡ
ʵԲ̫

˰ΣԳſڣûͬ˵ЩҪҫҴ𣿡

̾Ȼˡ

ҽͬ˵Щ߱磬ʲôʲôңҸףݶУֻƽƽ

ͷѾһ֣࣬ӣాˡ

ϵĳԳ壬͵û˵Щɡ

Գ忪ںסɵȵȣ⻰ͬҲ˵𣿡

ûôͬ˵л

ұͬǣͬ˵ЩֻΪǰЩӣҲ

˹ν̵ȳ˹˹Ķʦ֮飬㹻ܱһƽͬԳദղѰôᣬͬԳ彫̯˽

ԳĿƹ΢΢ƫͷ˻̧°ͣʾȥѵΪ
ϲұ֣𣿡

˳Ŀ⿴ȥ˻ҲڿǶˣڵֻᳳ

ԳЦһ̹ͬ˵ôеûģұҲһҸ档

ԳԽ˵ɫԽ˺⣬ˣҲǽ꣬꣬ҪˡպģòҪϲ

򴽣ãȻһûлشԳ⣬ֻʵأΪͿҪˣѹ𣿡
Ȼ֣Ϊβ
ϵĺ֣Գ˿̵ĺޣ͹˻ʶҲйһǵͯʱ⡣

ԳݺƫͷȥҪܡ

̸Դ˰̶

ֹһգڵ˺ݾڣݸؾƽ

ƽǺݾڣصĵطŽ־Ҳ֡

̸ͬ󣬳Ĭ˿һյԳ壬ͻȻѺ͹˻һͬ¡

ɫ߽࣬һ˲ĲڣܿƿĿ⿴˻֮ǰӦңԸΪҰһ¡

һţ˵п֮

ñְҲ顣

˻ͷҴӦ㡣

ԳӦĺԥ΢΢һ١

һԣ˰Σأôû¶

ԳһüҲҪðæ

ãмлݣ¡

˴һЦ֮ϡ
һţһƾ֤

˳ֽù˻ƾ֤

ԳֵѾãлǴӼˣ˷ǰݳǡ

Գ侲ĽҪȥݵ鰲׵Ժ˳ţ֪ȥ

үΪηǵôǶλԳ泤ʵڲ⣬ƾ֤αݣƫƫڲݷԸʱ˵ҪǼлϵݡ
һͬүǻԽԽ
벻ף֮ǰӿɲϲүλ֣Ҳϲλء

Գ˾ƱһоơųԣĮüۼ䣬Ⱦ˼ЦǶǴˣƫƫͬһϷ˺Ϳ㲻ź𣿡

ִƺԼžƣҵҪǺʱܷӦ

ûףһãȻô˵Щʲôأ





38.     ˻Ϻͷ˼֮ɫ

ݲͬ, ǵ࿪ʱӴǨİգμˮӴؾγɵĳ, дǲĹԱϽܺعٸ
ҪȻλڲʮ꣬ȥΪ, ҲѹסŴŭۣɱ˾顣

ţʻڹٵ, ʱʱɢ˵

Ȳɤ
ƫһԼ׷ʣǺأ

𻰣һԹ˻ȻȻؽϣ˵ỺȴܴĪŷͬݵĴ壬̾ݿꡣڵظٹ, ˽̷, ٸ޷С

ˡѶŹ˻ĥһҪ, ǳǰҳ˺ݵ־ϸ
˻Ժ֮ûʲôȤȴͦ˽ſ
ֻǹ˻̧ҪʱֲڵƿĿ, 𴦡

ţһʱָ

ȴû󿴿ҿʵЩͬǰʲôϵ

ԭǸĶˣԼͬݲĴÿ¶ٶݵأĴΰѿŵʯʯһʱʯྺۣû꣬Ĵ¢˴еʯ⣬Ӱ켫

࿪𣬱ÿ궼ҪĴվ޶˰ѣɹٸͬĴƿһ룬Ŵ¢ϵλ

͸ԳǷţǱ˾ںݵصİ̽ðسϢ
Դ붬󣬷ѩɽ¹ʣ˵Ϊѩѩ֣ƫƫ˾̽Щ˿鵽ѩڿйء
̽ͳϢ󣬾ʧȥټ

ѿΪʲôԳţżݡ
Գ弱еҪ£ǰ
ԳҲ侲¼ˣݵؾĴԶڳãǻὫһӷС

ѽ͵ʯʮ֮߳Ժݣ͢ÿʯеյ˰һʲĿ
ÿɺӵ־񡭡
ⶼҪԴԴϵǮȥѵ顣

Ĵ˽ڿӱ˰գس̶Ȳ²ݷ˻֮ҡ

οĴ֮Укա
ƽҾպ

ţͣ£ߵ˳ţүˣү˵ۼҪˣЪЪ߰ɡ

ɫһŹ˻
Ҳˡ
Ӧȥݱ±任ʱѾˡ
ôԳĵ붼ûͬ˻أ
˶˿ڣΪˣƹ˻үԳү
һһպţʮ̹Ȼǵ뷴Ӧ˲ڣһձһնࡣ

Ź˻ǶԴ޸Уֻڿա
ƫڲݼٰʱ˵ֻҪ˻⣬㲻޵Ļ
㻻ݵ˵ˡ

һûش𣬲ֳѣүˣ

ѻعȥ˻
˻ǳЦһϷΪлϼЦǾٴ˵Ƭ̣̿ɺã
˿ǿڡ
ҲֻŬԼȥں˿ݣصҲá

˽ԴţƫͷһߣŶԷ΢΢˿и˽񾭣µĳڿӶѻϢȥ

˶ûƼֻԳһ˽жУ˴Цһ
֪ǲΪԶ˻ʹлȥǶ֮λԳϰҲӵԶԶĳǶ˾ͺ磬ɩӣ

ѿЦݣ;
Գ嵹Ϸл񫡣
˻ҲҲڳʻ֮⣬⵹Ǻһ

пԣֻҧ¶Ц⣬ҿǻ˼ݺɩɩҪΪ˵£Щ¡

ԳĹֵνɩĸҵĻ£ɩɩȻҪģȻȢϱ͵ϴɩɩһˡ

˻һѣڰǻȥԺ󣬱ΪѰһλܹסϱٲ

ó˳ֵļƣԳ壬֪ɩĸĵ͸öɩɩЩ

лҭ˵֮ŵ˵Ķԡ

ԳͷˣѵҵԳķӣҪԳϷС

еĻ£Һ綼ء

Գһ˾Ȼʼһ۸û˼

Գͣˣ˻˵ǺİţǺȥ¥ȥҺᰲ١

˶Դ飬Ц˼ùʳ󣬱̼·

ݵĶûΪѩֵӰʧȥһֱ֣ǰݲμʯ˼ҡ
вĵĹأþټǰֻʯеľǻͨޣҾҲҪʡ
лһˣһۡ

ţڣ־˲ݳĻкݽĹٵҲͨء

Գ嶼ѵø̾һ䣬ɼ֮ԽԣΪΪʳʱӦ顣
ѰסһһСԺ

ڶգ˻ǰ¥
մѰر޹ױݣ˿ȥòͨ㣬ʱ򣬵м˵ʡ
һ壬ƷҶɽɽɰصĵͼ񹤾ϸԢڡ
öǵ游ģһöѾŵֵͬĹС

ѺԳСԺſڣĿ뿪
˿ģԳ֮Աǣһ¾Ϲ

Цü䣬ҭһ䣬ôֳأ

Գ˱泩ɫͬ˵гΪβ

ԭƶƻʱҵһڡ
˻Ҫȥ͵ն

ĿţԶȥѿڵ벻ɣǶ
ԳŲ˵ˡ
*
ţͣȥ¥ıؾ֮

ڵһ˾˴

ᰲ֪ʱţӣˡ
˻ſۣɫǰͬ
ŷţǰ¥

ͨԾЩһͷǸ֮ˣΪͬ

һߣһ̽ͷ̽Թ۲Χɵүݳǿ֡

ЩˣżҵķᰡۣƼһӣҵǿ˫׹ӣͨ͸󣬵Ҳʮֲס
׻˵ߣӣԸ߽࣬Ǹ֮
ȴ˼ҵ޷ԭԭ˫׹֮ˣ˿˵ϻһ˶ʮָ϶ŽĽָлһ飬žͲƴ֡

ѫţëҲ硣
ΪƷԸ߽ΪɲΪ԰ҡ
ƽҲֻһöš

˻ҲѾܿһأ⻰̾ҵǲᣬʯ
ضұܰεͷлгΪеٮٮߡ

Ѿߵ¥ǰģⷬ׳˵Ķ¥̣ǲҪ˴ĸǳˣųɾŵǻʧܶ顣

Ͷ˴żΪͨӣ˷Ц

˽ִ٣ڴ˼Եø롣

ЦλСֵ־ĳ
˵֮һ˻ͷΧȻͰ˲٣ЩЦǵˣտڲԣֻͬ˴к

˵Ҳһ飬Ϳȥʮòţ˹֣ǫļ񣬶˹˻

˻æ־н¼л̨֪γƺ

Ц£ռꡣ

һ߽ԼһϸǰˣӷһƼλǿɽˮ󣬱㱻Ŀ⡣

˻ţæռǽһУ̨ռƹʧ

ÿÿڴĸط̾Ӫеٮٮߣе֮㡣

ֱ˵ԼݣЦлСֵˡ

лֵܼȥʵί

˻Ϻͷ˼֮ɫһС´˷¥Ϊܰεͷле

һ⻰о˵ף˻׵ľͱ£




39.     ˻Դʱǣסġ

, һϮ೤۵ź˾ƣߵĶ, ᵹλģʹϣȴǿͬһλͿȥʮ꣬ͬ˾Ƶ˵Ÿм, ʶСҡ
˵䣬Ϊƴ˸, ʹҲЩ

һλӣֵлܣ˵⻰⣬ҹ㣬סǸٺú˵

ҪҾʶȴģֻʹӷ, Ҽ, ȥͷ
*
Ź˻ڴϣӸ˻ʪӸϹ˻, ԭӦ˯֮˺˫ۣɫ֮⡣

ֹ̧˷ĶӴߵΪԼһ衣

վſ, һ䷿ĶںݿνһһĴ֮ң֪ۡռع޽ۼ˵ѾҲһѣҹѲߵĻԺҲ֮ɼǽҹסںһԺԺ֪ѾԺǰѲ˶ٴΡ
ŷŲԶȥȷ󣬷һ˵ҲǵģΪ˴ӵģһֱȰơ
˻һڲ裬Ѿ͸ȥ֮ʵƴ֮⣬üɢȥ
Թ˻Ľģ裬æȥѰˮɲܺ谡

˻ĻȻãֲΪ˺Ȳ裬¶ˡ

죬¿ֱҹ̽ҲãòԳӺα

˻һۣҼȴӦ˰ҪһæȻܼ֮֡
ſڣù˻⻰ԣ˵Ļ

˻ö壬УָָĦϵ·
꣬ԭһԣ游꣬͸ֳһһ飬ֳţǿֳĹС
Ҳ
廹Щ
겻յţһǰͬռмԨԴ壬ǰ̸
չıԤĻҪ˳˳ĽƵɣɼңǺ

˺֮ԭֻһ˼ͬһˣԴ֮һУȫȤֻΪ˰Գһ£лƺȫͬˣȴ·ݵ˿Ϸ죬˿ûɣʵԼ⡣

űġлǴݶΪ˼⣬ݵĶé®֪ߵغˡ
ޣеܣһδС
лһŰֽͻȻճĻѪƴգȻͳ˻һˡ

Ͳǳģ¶ЩЦ
Ϊ˱װϸһ㱡ġͬԭòԶ
ȴڴ˿̷Ӻһ˲úʹǰͬ
Ǻʹǰͬ
·ǻѹĵõ飬ͻȻڴ˿̱˶ɢźʹǰһĹâ
ڹ˻߶꣬Թ˻ϸ΢ı䣬ܼĲ

ܸܵ˿̹˻ʮֲЩϲֿļô˿̻ˣ
Ϊŵһ򽻵ͳɹĽ˺
Ҳ԰
ôΪ飬أ

ڤ˼Ƭ̣۾һӣѾú᰻ȥ߿ĵ£ҹǻں˵

˻Ħ壬ֻĵִˣóʲôóǶʲôǱ˳ƺǺã

ҰҰ죬˵ǶͷҲûб˵Ķ˵ʲôء
Թ˻˵Ļƴӣæүⲻ𣿡
˵һأѾȥǽҹں飬˷˺ͶүǱģʲô˵

˻Ӧһɫ΢΢任һ˲ͺֱ˼л

ͷ˽ŲǺѲߵĻԺһߵ˴Ժ

ʱָֻƽ

ҹ¸ʱҳѲߵĻԺ˶Ѿ˯֮Уʱе죬һģӰӴ˺ҹû˺ҹ
*
ڶգɫҴ֣ÿʼŰɽͷˣǿҪ̤˺ҵż

ںѴٶ꣬ݱ鲼ء
Ҽһ檣ʮŮŮԶ޵Ҳ٣ͼȥ˽ϵռңٷˡ
ںег㳤֣еСǸŮӣڼʱӸ׵Ļ޺ӷĻ˵ʲôʵ
ҹʶһλСѣס˵ͶԵĺܡ
˵ϱݷãҲɣĽӴ͡

ҹɹչˣ治֪θлͬƹ񡣡

ϱ˵ĳϻ̳Ͽ֣Ӹ㣬ļϺĿζﳢһС飬ǰλϱ飬֣̿οⲻʲô£Ҽүͬлϰһʣл˲˿

ϱȻѡ

ҹ˻ú᰸˵˾Ҫںҹޣڶձл񣬵ǰݷú

ڽסˣҲƫϵˮ
ͬ˵żҳ㲻ɵóһļﲻɵͬ˵࣬˹ϵ׽˲١
ֱͬԽơ

˲ʱͷ˵лϰ˿Ѿˡ

ѼеǾԼ˿̵ľٶ̫ʧֻæͣߺշ˼˶꣬ĶƲλ¸˼ͷȥϣЦȻлֵˣҴȥ߰ɡ
˵⻰Ȳͬǰ˻סĵط

˻ѾˣںѾһ˲ʧȴкŷӭʱס֡

˫ֽյһ˲䣬΢΢񣬵ܿͷӦշ˾Ƕ˸ǰ˻Ϸշ˿ء
ԼոնշǰһϷ
ʱ˿ôֳܱ쳣˻˺ȡ
æס˹˻֡

˻ͷǸ̰˼ڴ˴㵣ˡ

һֻҪû¾ͺá

˵强շУ˿ȥһԶСޡ

շһЦһл޹ʣѣ¿ɳæŶ飬Щ˼Ҳ¿һ˵˵ЦЦҲá

򴽣¶ӵЦãҼˣҶ߶Ž㣬ֻҪĪǡ

ʱ˾Яͬշ˴У׼ȥ

һҪæȴǶ˻ȥ͵µһСԺǰͣ¡

˻ͬ𣬡ҹ߶ţƹпʱұضЯӵŵл

ԶǷСԺ

һͬ˻˵⴦СԺ㶼֪£ݵķӿɲˣ⴦ԺҲòҵôһ

ˡ˻Цִŵ潫ԺӴһ

ʶؾͽӹ磬಻ֻ࣬סңԺСס˵ķǿʰ˼䡣

ˣסڶ᷿Ǽ䷿ɹⲻ̫ء

ġ

ߵ˳ŵ⣬ѺȻӦɲںˣǰҲûкͺˡ

еֻǿǶˣ˵Գ壬ᰵˡ

ѿ˿ˣֿ˹˻üۣȻͬ˻һֱյ֣ǶΪںﻹЩǰޣ˶׽Щ

˻Դʱǣס֣δſ
Դһʼڣһ·ǣţӺԺһֱסСԺֻҪк˵ĵطһֱǣ֡ 
ҲΪ˻̫ȻȻľٶûʲôرģҲˡ

̲סȥ˻˻̹Ȼˣ򴽣װ˹˻֣̹Ȼˣ˲ڣϷˡ
⻰һǴ˿̵ܾٶԳ˶˻Ϸ

ԳһۿˣҪЦЦ

˻ѣл⡣
ںʱ˻
һʲôͷٻȴûץסɿߡ

ֻתϢĿ⣬Ӧһš

ԳۿǰΣǸһ߶˲ȣſڣסںңɲЩʲôʱûпھʹ䣬ֱӾ˵





40.     ͬҰʱ(ޡ

ҹ̽, Чȴûеô˳
˾ںݵİڣպլֲͼĬ, ҹݴͼ̽լȴĶࡣ
լͻȻ˻Ժ¸լÿԺһ, 鷿صظϷأ·һֻӬɲȥ
ݾߣ鷿Ŷûš

ҹ̽լ, һ

ԳߣչҲûйٸͺҵ˸ȥáУ·θӣû·ͼ˽ȥ졣

˾İ̽Ѿ, 񱾾ԳΪ˽ǰݵ, ѡ˵͵£ҪССġ

Ѿ˳ͬں߶, ѰûҵĶȡԳҪͼ
һʱá

ȴѾ⣬˵ҽռ˺ӣҿܻǸںլ߶, ȥ׼Űݷõȥ̽̽ҡ
òϣʱŮӵݣҲ£˻ɡ
ҹ̽լķʱУ԰ͬ߶ʱ̽ҵļլ

Ҳʧһð취

նһձձǳѡʼ
һ
ϵرʯǣһҪıǱʯ
Ĵṩǧδĥʯ֮ѡϡ
ʱ󣬱Ҫʼ

ǼѾӽңܲѡҲҪѿڵ
μӶҲǽӽҵһڰˡ
˻˳ҲͬͲôҪˣϾеĲߣɶʯеٮٮߡ

˵һ䣬һǳǳ𣬡ģıҲѡ

˽˻ȥ˻ЦЦϸŵᱡδȡ£ģЩİӡ
ߴϣ鶼·ˡ
üۼ䶼˼ֻ֮⣬ȴǰԶ쳾ĳУǸʮͷֵѪͷҪһҵˡ

˻º͵룬Ϊ˲ɣٵһҲѡ
ңңرܽźҼһͬǰιۡ
ܽǴ˷һ£°빦

⻰˵е

Գüͷɵ˶ǳ˵Уܱ֤һֱѡ𣿡Ҫ뵽ֱǿǺķѲٹġ

˻ӭɵĿ⣬ЦЦг񣬡ԣ

˻ٻҪʲô
⻹ͷһأ¶ԾԾԵɫ
û㣬Щ˵С

ʯе˽⡣
Գ廹ɣѺͿ˿ڣҾſһԡ
˻ԳԿ
ջѰʱ̽ңӽŽŶͷǵļƻǰһġ

ԳſڣĬ˴¡

˵һ飬Ź˻ҩء
ӣúЪţȥҩҹںûܷҩأտɲٲҩˡ

ͻȻŶˣϳʱѾҩˣ˿ѾˣȾͺˡ
һҩҪһʱ񳿳ǰѾϣúš
ʱ䣬ҩͺˡ
˻⻰̧ۿѣЦ⡣

Գ廹Ҫȥ˿Ѿ飬š
˸ɢȥ

£ŹŵĶ᷿¡

ʱ᷿ĴſˣΪݵĹ˳һ۾ƼѳŶ᷿ģ

ɵú߽أ

򴽣ûоŹӽЩͬ

ϸ룬ûʲôͬ

ҷȡº󣬲ŷôÿ
ոп

ͬ˻Ӵʱջ٣Բ˻ϸ΢ͬ
̾˿

տ۶ֻ᷿ͬû뵽үⳡϷҲ̫ˡ
Ҫǿһֱ˵ӲҪҵλˡ
Ƕ˷һͬʱһΪãء
Яδиܾٶֻһ·ȴķΧ

ЦһѿЦã˵ʲôأֻϷˡ

ֻǱһңҲû˼룬ˣҶˡ
Ϊ͹˻ͻܣ˼룬ԲžŹ˻Щͬ

˵䣬ֿ᷿ˣѱϢĹ˻˳

ŲСԺĶŹ˻á
˻ƲĿ⣬ɫЩ
˻

ûʲô仯ǴǰλֻҪվ㹻˵ĳӡ
ҡҡͷЩ뷨Ժ󣬳ȥ

Ǵߣ˻ɫ֮ǰҪ԰ࡣ
üƤһף͸òڡ
˼һҲʶ˿岻

ϸɫһǲǲ
ǲıҲǿԼ

ĹĴӲ١

˻üǵ֮ʧЦû£ġ

ĵĻ˵̫࣬ǽ顣
ѲΣֻˣ㻹ûиңΪʲôôͬϹϵ
վͺ棬˻ô׼Ϲأ
ֻǹ˻Գһ֪ģһʱʳڡ
˿Գ岻ڣһʡ

˻ͲµҪʣ㽫ȡὫϣΪö塣

һƳǹ˻ö壬ףȴһĨ࣬ʦĨ̳˱ۣ̳ɡ
ʵףԼܸܵʦ²ŶɽˮȻ֮顣

ѽϸ۲죬䲻ôöȴףļҴʦ̵ģλյĳƺţ׵Ŀ⣬ضǵ̴̵ġ

游

˻һ벻Ĵ𰸡

񣬡޹λʮǰѪնɱ֮ϱ˾ָʹӣ
Ѳţɵ˫ۣôǴأ˫ɱ˵ĵôһĿ̵ʯϵϸСɫأ

˻΢΢ףš

ȷ游̣ͬҰʱֵܶһһ顣

򴽣ᵽ˻λŵֳʱܻù˻ѹ

˻ŵɫ˵游һ£֪٣Ҳһ

ʱ¹ϰ참ռЩԨԴֿĹͬռѹʵƹѧģ˵ѧʹһ̵ܸõõ
ͬ游ദʱղ࣬ԺеĻ䣬Ҳȥ
ȴܻЩԺֻҪһһʰ

ѻȻ򣬡ѹᱻö
Ǵѧүӵĵ֮үӵķͷ
ǸʵʵգͬүүƵķ񣬿϶˻ö

ֲء

ǰôҲ֪һ⡣

˻Ƭ̣ڴӼ֮ʰλ䡣

ڣ˵£꣬游ȥĸð޸䣬ʱֳ֣һʱƼֳһö壬ͬСʧֻ䣬ˤ룬Ҫ޺ãʹ游ߵ֪ͣ游ǰѰֵ̡
һ䵱游ռҵԨԴǲ֪游̣Ҫ޸ûа취
ֳ˺ü游Լɽ˿߽ƴһ𡣡

ҶѾˣȻǵá

ⶼ֮ǰˡ
˻ʱ鵹Ǻƽ

򴽣Գ嶼ǵ֮£㲻ҲǵδǹĵεΣԴ˿̲ܽϸ֦ĩڡ
Լûֵܽã˻ֳĴ࣬ȴÿÿܴиܵ˻ֳ֮ͬж





41.  ȡõͼ   ΪʲôͲأ

ǵһʯ, ֻΪ˻ʮ㣬˻˳Ľ뵽һ֮С

ϸƹһԼױݣΪ׼, ȷˣǸóȥˡ

˻˼Ȼ֮ͷ˶ϡ
Ƕ԰лһ£С
Ȥ, ԳΪǷݶȤζһ·ϣɩɩеĻ
ҲΪĲ˽һ, òȫȫл¸
һһĳΪлл˼䡣

ѵú﷢ĵĸȤ
̽йص飬ѱԾؾԼϡ
ƿ˷ţĿһ۶᷿᷿֧˴˻ڴ£Ÿո̫רעϸϰŵʯͷ, 軭ʲô

ůббػ, ΪһůĹΣ۽϶˹㣬ⶼĸԸ׹С
һ, ǰʧȥɫ

ȴʱ˵룬˻Ϊβأ
˽òüأ˵ĲѾ췦
Լ˵һꡣ
ƽصȴĵ
־ûС
Ǹ˵̬أ
һֻϣ, һǰƴ򰶱ȥֻΪѰһȥ

ҪһƱҪȱʹࡣ
˻ʮҲ֮ᷢ¡

ɹ˻ΪβԸѰҽԼķӡ

ûа취ȥ
ѵԣû֮



պͺ᰻Ĵֲ£׼͸ﳯ׼ˣǸóˡ

ջĿ⣬еɻǳɡ
գúú̽̽ҡ

ٿ᷿ˣպͺᰳš

һ죬աϸоĺҵͼʵҲĺ
գһԡ

˺㳤ӽһǽҺ걻ףҲǺҼŻæҪȻѩأٵѩѹ˺üǸТ˳֮ˣҲðΣջҡ
ˮ磬֮أ羰ֻէůʱڣǺʱڽϣʱڣѾʼףźӳ̤ˡ
ϾݳҲûʲô
Һãһ·϶ûʲôΣգû֮ǣƽݡ

ӴŽݷãʶлӡ
лӴݷ˵˵ЦЦ

лǶԽΪ㲻֪ͬ˵ýȤš
ڼвӣȼȥ˽ռУĸҹܼңϱżҲûжٻȨ
ʱӵˣܱԳĿţ泩ѡ

֪˵ŻѾٽʱ
ʻ̣ˡ

һ֣Ϊûڵѽ㿴ңһʱ䣬ʵá

׼ǻؼңס֣Ц˵ĻվҼ÷лֵܽæ׼յıҲϾͬһͬţ㲻ҡ

Ѻͺ˵Ǻá

˿ڶ࣬ƽҲǸڸǶš
ΪѸԭǽһŲݼĹˣϲȫ͵˳óЩϲɫȥĸǶ
ĸͬһȥš

Я˵˵ЦЦǰסȥˡ
һ·ϣһ˵һߴźҼլ

ҵ鷿Զ
ֻһ·ϣƼҵɭϣ·ɼѲ߻Ժ
ҹѲ֮˶и޹ﲼɭϡ
Ǵ鷿⣬ԺվǶ˿δ

ֻ𣬡󸮸ۡ޵Ư

һѲ߻Ժ߹ŵס˺֡
˳Ŀ⿴ȥûôĻԺæнɭЩĪ¡

ýЦˡһ

㷲Ҳ֪һܼܲźүҼҷʯеʱƳү

ЦЦյǲˣҵЩʱΪ˶춼ڼأûƼҲ𣿡

˵䣬ѾߵԺǰﲻģǣѵ֣߰ɣ
˴ѾвٺҼҾڣкɩɩûкļò˵ﱲǡ
ֵһӡ

һˡ
ֳģ˵Ų㰢ķеɻֵúҲ̲סЦüۣǰ˵

ܿͿʼˣ˶ﱲ࣬һȺСӳԷðһֱ֡

СܶţѶǡҨһ⺢һײȹϡ

ѽһӲãղòæ˴ȥѡǸĸˣոźǰȥ¡

ƫԺŮȡѵĹͬѽ˸񣬵ֻһӵʱ䣬Ҫ졣

յͷЦЦĺˣ͵ҹתɵĳƫ֪١ 

ȡһлӣӰϰɡ

ͷ㣬ֻޣܻҪЩʱ䣬ͬ˵һĪġǸ

Ӳ˺ȥ

˿ȡֽʳصջ
ֻϾֿʼ˼
һʱ˻
ͷۡ
*
ĸţβѻЩ

˵лӻҪЩʱܻﲻⵣģͷһͣͱȹʧ棬ʵǲãһʱֶ˵䣬ѵʱܶײ˿ˡ

ǵþý˵⻰𱸵ϱû̵ˣƽ϶ҲţδײˣǽճײýĿˣֲ֡

ЩӼп˶࣬˵ҪˣҲ֪ýôʹλĴߡ

ⷬĻúɣˣȥôôûЩȥƣĪߡ

˵ҲŮȥлӴ
˱㳯ƫԺȥˡ
*
պ˳鷿ȥȡͼѡ
ţֻͼ̫ӣйĿı£ҲҪЩ
ڿҪһֵͼʱ
һɲǣͷ˽Ųлӣ㻻𣿡

Сô죿

侲һ䣬ԵȣϾͺãһ߷ɿؽͼ

ͷĺҲһ˫ѾϣǲѲôҽ㣡

ڿǰһ˲䣬˺ˮˣˮˣȻ𣡡
úתæʣô¡

ڼסеͼԭݸգͻȥصġ

ƿ˳ȥס˻Żŵĺ㣬ǳ˺£

ֻ̧һ⣬˿ǵþǰǷǣⲻ˺úõǰš
ֻǼ˻𣬺ҲЩţŵץסѵ֣ǿȥǶ

Ρ
ȴĺǼʱ
Ѱοźһ˼
ǰæ

ҵ˻ʵúһһ󣬺˺ܿͰȥ

ճӻңͼԭصߡ






42.  븮   ˵ףΪ˺

һ, ˺µעҲû˼дŵĿˡ
ںǰ˵һǸ뿪

˺ҵĴ, ˿СһǺᰣʱǴ˸ڻĻĿɼʱȻһ, ҪŽȥ֮ȫ¶

ǣţںĴµȺһ, Сӵǻ飬ŵһѻ𡣡

ϵĳĪʲô𣿺ǼԺһֱأĶҲûȥ
㣿ճһ
ҾƼЩ˻ŻŵĶˮȥȻԵһûƼ

ѳĬƬ̣ڵˣȥ˵
û׼ⳡ𣬾ⷢأǰһæ

յ, תţ

СԺ, ԳѾͷ
᷿ʱ࣬˻ڴ£ר־ػһ
ѶŶ᷿һ, 
ѽͼȡݵԳǰͼѾ㳭ˡ

Գ岻ô죬˵, ͼܳ˻Ƭ̵л
ѵ̹ϵл
νлˡ

ȴѾͷʼͬ˵ͼϵ·ߡ
˵Ƭ̺󣬡ˣҽջں˵Ϣаգ󣬾Ҫ󣬵ʱûйٸͺҵ˭ҲܲɽڣǵҪھ̽ܵҺҲܰæ

⸱ͼֻæЩҪص㣬һƾż䲹꣬ϸ
ȥ׼īãȴҲҪٽסĶֽϣõʱֲ

Զ˻ų⣬Ȼľ¡

ԳЦһһʼӦңҪæȴҡָ˶᷿ʾѿȥ

򴽣ʲôϵѲ㻹һ㣿

Գ岻ÿɷֻͼĸӳ̶ȣǻҪҼλɽ򵼣һȥң⼸ձȥ̽ɽ֡

ȴͬص򵼣ͬҺϵóȻȥҵ򵼴ɽ»ɡļ
̫á

˵ô죿Գƽʵ

ѵ˵ͼ⼸ɽѰ·׼ȴʱ

źʱȥʱиײ˵ıǹ˻ոǵģὫС
Ǹʱ򣬺Լˣõ򵼡

Ѽ˵˼䣬ͻȻʵտȥŻ𣿡

ԳãȻô

ЦһЦˣûʲô
ݴæ޷ǰںҰߣǽѻ𣬿үڰæˡ
ֻǲ֪һ᲻Ὣѻͷϡ

еѹȥֻʵˣǱ߿ɲ鵽ʲô

Գü۴Щ࣬ѾʼֲõĿҪЩʱա
ֻаʱ֮ܵ¡

Գ˰ΣʳǾ䣬ǳ״ר׼Ƕ𣿡
ͼѾҵ˵˻ѾԳԳԼɽ顣
ֻǺ֮Ҳȫֲܡ
󵽵ʲôҲȥ
˻ӶǶҲܸȤ
μҲ޷
˻ûܳɹֱҲûʲô
ңҲܰԳˡ

ѵ⼸ദԳ岻ͬüۡ

ЦЦֻʣҪû£ͬ˵˵λŵĴ𣿡
˻λŵֳ˶˵ӻãС͵ƤеĴܣͬ˻ȫ෴
ǻţҲλӼ俪֮ˡ

Ķ룬ԳһӾըëȻ㲻ȥǲҹദֵܡ

ͼȥˣһᰲɽ̽·Щ£Լȥ
Գ˵꣬һ˦䣬ϵĵͼ뿪Ժӣ֪ȥδ

ſŶ᷿

һ˼뷨ɼ˶δҲʱڶʲô
ֻѹʣȻ˳ʱѰ˳ЩصѰһˡ

ն˲ݣԳ彫ͼˣΪｫͼֱӾ͸Ļӣ
ͼǻйͻЩѪõֵģôĻӾֱأǽͶĻˣ

Ѳ⣬ֲΪڻǰͣݡ
ԳһҪǰ¹ֺͣαȥͷҪΪ˵жʵ㡣
˺ݣջȻС

ջڲƽѱˣҲ׼ãĻӵһͬɽһαװõļá

ٲ˻֮¡

˽æŸԵ顣
ܿ죬յı˻ɶ˲Σ˳Ľ뵽һ֮С

Ƕˡ

ұҪ͡

˵ףΪ˺ǰѻ





43.     صǼ¡صд

صǼ¡صдһѺ͹˻

æ֮, ճ˰ʱǰˣе궼Ҫһء
ǰλ, ڶ¥ıйоأûѡȴҲۡ
ֻǰպԵ޹һѻ
, ŮĪǰŻգλ˵ļҾ, ͡

ʮ̵ͣ꣬ͬ˴һ˫ۿ̫ˡ

ڣлңϷǻδ˵
֪ʦмλң
˲裬ʣҿʯʶ, ̵ַ, ǼǱ߳õġ

ǰɫЩ㷲˵Լ, гĴżȻѧЩ
ͬݳԴҡǱȲϡ
游ȥ¼Ҳұ

˵ͷ, һԵȲл游ȥһַռЩԨԴ
⻰ǰŹ˻ˡ
˻æȷˡ

ɸֵĽ΢һۡ

ЩԭΪء
û뵽Դҿеһֱ𡣲ڼҵȫϣҲ¥ܲлõǰָ㡣

۾˵ǵˮ©ûҳʲô
ֻɻ࣬΢΢һЦҪЩͷܳɳ

һԣŲ迴Ź˻һһ˵Ż

ԽԽԾ˻ʱ䵽ףʱлݱƣϸ֦ĩڶǵˣûںǰ¶
ǰúöԹлҵĹ¡
ǱĹҲûоϸ˻˿ֳ̱㡣

΢üͷ
˻лݵ޷졣
ͺĳΪл
Щӣ˻ǰл˿һ˹˻Ǵл

ۼɫ˿ڣסĵطδƫƧЩǲͰסҲͬлϰ˵

˻мָܵ㣬֮ҡ

ֻ⻰һյײһ죬æͷװ¡
ʲô⣬Ҫںҡ

˵ʲô˻ѾӦˡ

ǴӽҹʼҪ͹˻ͬһҡ 

Ѿ㹻עӡ

ŵͷ­Ḿˣһ˿ģȴδ˵ʲô

ţ¹˻˵
úȥ˵

ﵹϲͥԺɢ̸

дŻɫӣηηĶǽǣѿ˺üۣš
ķأûƼ

ź˵һҹɫ𣬺Ժסǵһ˵ˡͬѵ˱

ǺŮߵͷлˣʲôҪкһǣǶͷء

лѸмһЦ˷УϷź󣬱г衣
ҸݳޣͷװεҲ
ٲķ䣬ǴҲֻһŶѡ
͹˻ܲ˯ͬһŴϡ
ڷзŮ岻ʱľߵţʲôҪġ
һһع

߶˼Ҫζȹҹ

ۼҹɫŨͷҵĽŲ֪ôĪЩţ򷢸ɵĴȥš
Ź˻˽һ
ſЩŮţѽǰŹ˻һ֣ͬ˸¡

ЩҵŮӶˮȲҪȻȻšӣѱһУԷЦȥɣүչˡ

˵ʲôȴ͵͵ͬʹɫʾڴˡ
һǡҾͳͷȥ

ֶҪæĺū͵λҲ붼ȥϢš

šӣڴԣĸ˻ֹ֣Ȼ

ūͼ״ųȥŸϡ

һ
һӸ˻һĥźǶסңǺ⡣

ŲţͷϵѾ۾ؿҲѾӹӣл

Ѷһ˫ۣ

֮žԼľٶЩ׵æֱȴͷѹͬ˻ǲĶ©ǣö˶˵ģôںס£⸱ƷǽǶ˼

˻δֻ΢⿴һۣ΢΢ſ˴Ҳ֪

Ҿšѻû˵꣬ߵţлˣӽˮˣ
˵ӣѯʡ˵ҪŽŷ΢춯

һηӦͻȻǰ˵Ļ
ͷ˻˫ѹס˺ףؿڴ
ֻ֮£˵һһ
΢΢
֪䣬ԼҲͬŶԷһš
ͻȻֱ֣治ĵģĵǹ˻ġ

һžƻ𣬡ûˣңû

ŮѾŶ룬ŴӵĶˣͺðʧˡ

˻лû˵Ļ

˻Ķᣬȴƿãֻõ鷳ˣˮſھǣһˡ

Ůˮ裬żĵһǣСųȥŸϽϡ

ڰ

˻ɿ֣Ǹһʱ鼱ų²ߡҹĺͬѰǶ˽Ժ󣬱˫۾ڶǶˣ·ҪϿЩʲô

û¡ѵҲԼ˼ˣͷŮľٶһʱӦԡ
˿̣˼֮ǰˡ
ǻ֮УǿģԽԽ죬Ҫһ̣ͻбĳ

æԶЩſڿ˻´µӰƺԶ˿ȴǲҷ춯

ֻ˻ԶЩ˯˯Ͼǡ
һ㣬ּһ䣬ģҲ

⻰˵û˻ǣȴó˴齵λãҺôǸˣôù˯ӡ
Ѷ棬Ѻ˶ĶҲһſڵǿ˺Ļɡ
˵£ܳ嵭˿̷Щա
򴽣Ҳġ

᲻ǰգңҷ˻֣Ժģ
ҽҹòǶҲû˵ʲôǺҵĻֲ˰죬Ƕų麵̣һʱݶˣ˻֡
ֵ飬ϵͷϡ
ԳǱߵ֣ȥɽ̽·޹ 
ƫƫգպͺᰶûи
Ȼվ̽鵽ʲôԭ

Ҳ֪ҹ༽֮£ѾʼݡҪȻڶеĳɼۣͬζĻɡ

˶ûʲôͷֻ˼ȥҹǶţʲôҲֻ˵

Ƕţ˭Ҳ
нŲ𣬻΢û˶Կһۡ





44.  ͬ齶   ˯𣿡

һŴϷ, мһͷţѾ£ֻ˴ߵһյΪ׺
Ƶĵƹ, ֻճӰͷΪޣһ봲ϣ˭ҲԽ벽

ֻ΢ĺ, ǳǳڷ

Ѻ˯࣬ۿͷĴʡ
ƹƣǴϱҶĻ, ȥֻһһŵĺھһȥЩ졣
ŬԼ߶棬ҪϸֱһźڣǺģ
ȴ˿ûа취ע⡣

ʲô飬ô˼ҳһŽȫвעʱŬԼ۾գһµĶͷʡ
ʱŵĻ۾Ҫɬ߳ˣҲû취עתͷ

, , еһкʱʱ̹̿עԡ

͹˻Ϊ˭˯Ӷֲ¡
ͬ齶ߵľҲġ
ոգ˻, ˻һ˫ÿ˲֮۾
˫۾˿̴Žɫ
˺ܾã˻¶Σ˱, 治£ǸˡϵŮͬ齶ߣζʲôǰĴѵ
Ǵ˿ٰ̼һԷޡ
ɼٵվǼٵġ

ʲôȴҲڴ˿̹ϡ
۾峺ϵ̫
˵ˣʹ޵硣
ǷΪϰӥΪÿһǡÿһֻӥΪ
ŬҪϵΪɲ񷣿

֣֮ǰ֪к塣
룬Ǹ֣ϣһ£ҫ۶ĿĹ䡣Ǵ޷ȥĹâ

һ۾ʵѵҶʲô

˻ǰĹֻҪڿЦµա
ͺܽţҶ΢΢š

ȴ˵ţ㣬ҲԼ

˻ʲôأ

һ̣к˻ȵĿҪ˴

˽ţ˰

ͬһŴϺ˿ڵҲ
Ծɿʵ촽Լ춯
˵ҲЦһ쾹ȻһûйϵˣͬһŴϡ
ҪǴǰ붼룬ôһա
ֵ룬Ƕһоպ󴫻˳ݣֱǲ롣
ʱ򣬿ܻۣǶˣ˭ᱡ˭

ҵࡣ

ҹ֮Уеһж죬ᱻ޷Ŵ
齴죬ת
̾ס˺
ԭԼ˵˿ţԼƭԼ
ðɣЩš

˯𣿡
ҹ֮У仰

ѲԾץ˱ӣӦûСô˯ţӻԽԽѡ

֪˶ãЦһЦ֪Щʲô૵˯ɡ

عھ֮С

*
ڶգǴżæŵ˺

Ѻ͹˻̹ţĪһ
׵ȵ˻ϴ˷ţ¿ռǶˡ
һ߸纷һСʵҹ˯һŴϣУ

ʲôûУ롣ѳһЦ⼸չˣˣǾ뿪˴ˡ

ˣˣұͶġֵ

ûʣתױϣͬһȥ
סںҵʮֿġ
գҪһһѡѡӰɡ
ЦҲá

ұĲ࣬ʯȴǶ಻ʤﲻ֪ôģѱȥ˴ʯӵĿⷿ

ʯͷصĺܣ˰ᵽסѡ˿˿߽ⷿ˶ѷʯϵĿⷿС
Ѿ̾ЩϿǲһȥĿ貶Ŀʯԭϡ
һⷿѾֵƽˣɼҸ

˵˵ƣߵЩӻƷõϣҵ˹ˡ

Ѹп˵ͬݺһأҲҳء

ͬйϵǶô٣ԺͳݣҸ

վ˽Ųָǰ鲢ŷŵʯʵƣʯͷĿã

ϸضſ˰Σ䲻ѡӣȴʸϸ壬Ҳ

˵ͷҲˣ顣
ǰѡõȥĵǼǡ

ָʯʣڿѵ׶ʯźźŮҲѴӲ
Ůಽظţʱʱᳶӣѡ

˼Żش⣬ܻشģҲ˵Ĵǳشģֱ˵ҲףյǲѧʶҾͲˣӱƽ࣬ȴûŶ١

ﱻ޵ʮֲ
ѹԴĦģʮֵӦ֣һ·һֱźۼĺźЦ˻

Ů£ѲŲ𣬡ô÷÷ǺŮ

Ϊڵ÷Ӳãҽȥչˡ

ֵѹҼոźģǸѾͷ

ȺķӦ㽫ˣʱǵģŽտЩʲǡ





45.  л   ޴

¥ı, ڵڶʣʮˣȥμ⵹ڶı

˵ԳѾ˻, ˵¾㱸͵ɽ

ۼͻȴЩ
˻μӶһֱζйо, ѡվҪźһͬɽȥ
лݵ̫ɹѾͬٲ, Щ˻ݣͺлһ㡣
òڰݳΪһϣ˿˻
٣̬ǻ˸ˡ
룬ҪѾƻãվ뿪ݣ˻һֱл
ҪǴʱ, ֱҪʹ˻, Լһ˵Ȥ

ǵģҪȰɴɽ, ȴҲֻһ䣬ɽҪģһڳ㡣峿ͻѰɣ뿪ҳȥ

˴мɷһͷ, Ϊֽߡ
գ˭û˯š

΢΢ͷԽͷƼ˻ʵĲա

˻˿δþ֮󣬾õѲ²ǲѾ˯ţûʱһ

Щʱգһֱ룬ΪһҪݡ

˻ɱ˫ۣ·˯ૡ

Ѿؿ𣿡֮ۼžҪǰһû뵽˻ͬ˵

˻ۣ΢΢ͬһ㣬ͷ

۽΢΢һĻȣЦ룬ĺֻˡ

һ˲˼

򴽣 ҿûҪ˼ʲô⣬⣬ԼƲ⡣

˻Ц۽ǻԽǺŹ⣬

Ϊأ

ѷŰлεأǽԭⲻ׻ظ˹˻

ͱ˵ӣ˿ȴм

Ƕ˶ڼٰˣлҰӡ
ͽͷÿḧ˹˻š
ֺůһ¶ȴ֮µļ֮ŵ࣬Ҳ·š

⧲Ľӽ벻֮ľ롣
ʵ̫

˻ûжֻ˫ۡ

Ѻ֪ңΣΪлӡ֪ԼЩӵлǹ˻𣿡

л˭֪лεġ
㲻л
˭Ӧñ˭ôô㶼Ӧñ˭ס

˻һʱЩʧ

Ѷ˶٣ƽ飬ЦЦӿ֣ǶˣӲҲܸ𣿡

ԥջ֣ոձ˱𴦵ͷ·˶м䣬Ȼתࡣ

Ƭ̣˻˿ڣǳ㶼֪ˣ
ḧؿڣ񻹲ϵ¶ȣµͣ˿ϵ¶˳һӿ
֣˿ûо⡣

ȴûֻ˯ɡȻ۾㲻
*
ȹ˻һ˺ҴţʱѾɽѱߺҴСԺȥʰʰٹգǾҪ̻ؼˡ

ͷȴǰҪСԺȥŻΪ٣һ֪Ǻ˼
ǺֱʣҪ˸
Ѹмл˻ҰΣ

޷Щ飬ͬ˱

һԺǵСԺſڱͷ
չ˷ţŵƣҵǴһֱͷҪ뿪ӵǺܶ࣬Ҳż

תȥѣȴڻ£ոݵװѾȡ£¶ԭһȴ֬ͿĨһأԼһһ״ֲѡ

ھҪ𣿡ղ

ѿžӣͿĨı£̫ˣװ磬һ߻ش𣺡㰴ԭƻȵ˻ƻʱٳǣҴɽһˣʱڳϡ

ŷһ٣ΪȥɽʲôĻӵ˶ţһʧ׼϶ġ

ҲۿЩġ
ʲôҲû˵

֧ľεݸգһͷ𡣽ϵذ׶һء
Ѱʱյڻ£СԺţźᰳķȥˡ

סػĵͼǹһС·һ·ϡ

*
ռؼ㣬ڶĸÿһ߽ȥһԹ
ڶǰĺվڶڣ˵˽յı

λԶͬУһȣҲǸλظλ֪ʮ֮Ŷںݣܶ˶󡭡

û˯ķȫעĹ۲ΣҪ˵ǽվͲ󣬾ںңǺ˶ģҲ¡
ɲϤһ֣һ˻ӿЩסĻӵ´˿Ҳ֪ĸطèţҲ֪ܲΣʱʱԮ

Ź˻ƽݿ˺һɻӣôͷǵһأ
벻ףȴҲֻܸҡ

ڵȵ˵˻Ǹ˿ڽȥ
ǺҵǰŹ˻ϰ壬ڽ롣

͡˻æлڶԷ󳯿ڽȥ

;ɼǽʯ¶⣬ֻԽߣǱͬ˷ֿĸԶģֻˣ·ĺˡ

ԽߣϵĻ͸΢̲סʵλ磬ǲߵ̫ˣսذףڹ˻ࡣ

ڣߵǺ¶ĿּİǽϵĻأֻŽһᣬֻüͳذҪڵϣȥԵĹ˻δüһ˫ȵס





46.     ֱ˵󹤣ϡ

ֱ˵, ϵʯϺ䣬֣ܿصǵĲ

ʱ˿, Щ㱣˴Ǹ˵ĵطȫעעǰСϵģͣѲӵĿ󹤡

, ǵȳȥ̫Σˡսеذף

, ǰߡ˻Ȼ
ŵͼϵ֮ǰһЩӣҲμӲ˱ˣȥ
֪ǰΣգΪлҪһʼա

ӣ߰, ˭֪, ʹɱ֡ˣ˼˭, ֱ֣Ҫ
ɿؿһ۹˻Ǹոǽӹһ٣ûе˭֪᲻ỹΣա
ǡ
ҽ, ˦˦ԴԼ򾲡

˻Ƴһۣ˵ֻøǰȥ

ߵǰҪСĽЩû֣˻Ѿƿ˰ǰţȥ

ģȫûа취˼µǸʲô
˻ѾҪʧڰУæӸȥӣȵҡ

յУ󹤴붼ż٣ʣС룬ǰֳѲߵˣ˴ǽûã˶û

ͣ˽Ų䲻Ծض˶˹˻ӣǰˣ

š˻ͷɫȫз²Щʲô
Ҳʡ

Ųܿ⣬˻˿ڣذ׸ң˻ӡ

˿ǽվǰ߽ʱֻǰһֻü˶̴ٵĲҽһεڵء

عæǰ̽˵ıϢֻǱ˹ȥ֮ǡ
˻ѾȡеĻѣǰ
еĵæ׷ȥ

*

ԳרעĿŲԶ󣬲Ѿȫɣ͵

̧֣Ҫ
Ȼ󴫳
æ󣬰εʵ˭

˲˲ݴ˳һӲһߵҡ
΢΢ɽ·ߣΪ˱ܿȺߵСǵõͼϵıʶ·

Գüͷôˣ˵õģ˺ڳϡ

ߵԣɫôҲΪ³Ҫˣ𣿡
ģҲͬ

ͼɶҵģԳֳɵᣬʲô
ԳֱĴûô⼸գһںңһ⣬Ϣȫ棬˿ϸ룬ֻҿɹ˲㣬㻹СЩ

㲻ù˼ңкᰣԱѳ˰֡

ǰ£Ѿ׵

Գ̧֣ж

˷ĻжѸٳȥͬĻ
ı棬ȴɭϣһʱ򶷵Ĳɿ
ѳСߡ
ᰲ⣬ӣǲĻһ𣿡

Ƶȥҹ˻ҧҧһ

ȫ֮ߵԳ壬ܿͽ˴Ļʰ˸ɾܿʳЩ͵˳ϴŵ㡣
һЩ˴·ȥѰŵ㡣
һߴˣȥǰͷ׽úȡ
֮󣬺֪ܲ

Գ嶯ʶȴѵӰ

أʵ

ҡͷµȲ֪Ҫȥң

ԳסɫȻˣ֮ȥ

һ֮еˣһŹȫ׽

ǣ
*
ܿдЩμӶĲѡǣ춯ʼţô£ͷˡ

ŵɫ԰ףӿ󶴿ڿһۣæתȥҺͷ˴
򶨵ĺܣԸ£ȥضλ

겻ԣں󣬡ôһ£

Ŀ䣬һ꣬㻹ʣ

˲ͷĶֱηǰ˵£æ۷үûˣ

Ҳ򶨲ô˿̱лϽȥˣȥѣûԶ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôŰȥ
*
ҳһ㣬ڰ֮УͷĶ֪ԼӸҪⰵ棬˵زȫľ棬ӳȥ˵
ѾҪߵյ㣬ҪǺǣǶȻܲˡ

վʯǰԽԽӣ߰ɡ

˻Ǹû¶һסʯϣϸ졣

ܿ죬ܶĽŲ
תõǰҪҲûֱһ̲С

ߵǽһƴǽʵĵģһߵʱõ˿նһ졣

ѾǰӰӰǽϣһһΣҧҧõͳȥֻһǲʯſ

ĵͿҪָ˵Ĳ˸𿪣Է˻ѣڿ˵ģ

㵵ĵָأæջء

ͷһֻֻۣаӵʱȥš
˵⻰ųű˻򿪵İȥ

ͷԣͬãĺᰣôһ£
ѵӣʲôǣ

ҡҡͷٲ˵ֻǰ

ѾŻ˰ң֮гƷʯϡ
˻ʯӳԵĳ߽Ҳת
Щ˿ڣڰ֮м

лСûʲôԶ־ֻڼгźҪŬ˼ҵöͷл𣬴Ӵ¡
ϧˣ֮л
ԹԵ˵ţںλش

ѰվƬ̣˰ɣ

˻ɫָ糣عͷҲѾȥ飬ȴܸܵ˿ŭѾѹס˵һ䡰߰ɡ󲽳ȥ

˵صʯϼֵǣȴ˿

ӵʱĸոպãһĸ˳˰;һ·Գ׽סĳ

кⶼزסֻǱԳס죬Ȼ϶˵ʲôû

ԳƼǶһ̲סЦһԭΪ˾ѹôңûҵ˻ӰΪ˻Ѿء
룬˼˾ˡ

ϵĳӭԳĿ⣬ֻһ䣬ȳȥ˵Ƶġ˴ռխĵطûУֻԴЩ衣

*
ʱˣڰģһûУӺ֮ͬĪ졣ͷɥֻŸ

᰾Լų⣬ʲô飬˶ֻ֪һ˲֪

᰾ԼбҪ˵ʲôȻȥ֮Ҫɣ˺֮Уʲô¶һ䶼˵ʱɲְ

Ҫʣȴͷѵᰡ

кηԸæ

ÿӣȥͬĻ˵һ¼ȻˣұһȥͬϻسˣģĻԼŰ졣
ǰ͵ģ

Ӧǰȥ

ѷźӣ棬ɫ԰ϢĹ˻
ԴǾҲû˵һ仰

Ѻܳסֻƽһ䣬˻ҪͬһȻسͬĻһ

˻۾嵭ɫȴްлӰӣѣƢЦЦسɡ





47.     ɽ˳ɹ׽ãɣ𡭡

ɽ˳ɹ׽, ɣ𹦳ˣӱ޻ص̵Ķ֮С
Żصĵһգ;˲Ծ, ʺСӣ˵ͬû˵Ҳ֪ССѧı£ǲǶʦǡ

ϢĿյ, һõˮȥѣ˳Ĵʯͷϣ˻, ӣˣǾҪسˣΪβģɣܲ飬ڲݣںݣԶ£Ӳ, һ鲻á

һߺˮ, һĲɵĿźᰰŶʮصɳ

ɣʣҲֻЦЦ, вġ

㡣ɣ߸첲ϵİΪģڲٻسҲ٣سҲûʲô¡
ݷңɣǳ˴, ץס˷ףҲˣ߸첲ۣ˽Ҫһء

ɣЦЦɫȥ˵Ҳɻû£㲻صġСëֻ꣬һ˸ߣҲġ
ݷô£ᰶһ֪ɣζס˿ڲж㵽ѡ

ֿʼ˵£ûոȥҲġ
˳뿪ݺջصݾӪص񽫾ߣûߡ

ûɣ˵Ҳȥߣȫ
زݷѳԳ廹˳ں˴󹦣¿ɺãҪˣܰأ
СֻҪ˵飬ǻⲻ̸

ɣܲףָ˻鲻ãΪ𣿡
ɫʵ᰸ңͬںͬգǲ۸㣿õְס˵ֻҪѻشһǣĵֻ¾ͻڹ˻ϡ

Ƴһ۾ԶŵĹ˻ҡҡͷŲ۸ҡмֶ
˻ۣԶƼ˻ɫ԰ףԼŭδ˵֪ޱȣ㿴һҩɾȵӣһ̾Ҫˡ
仰û˵
̫أ˵ڡ
Ӳֽŭѹ˻ȥ

ֻ̲ס
棬ù˻ͷ
֪ԭǸĳΪ롣
Ϊɹ󣬱϶֪ܻΪηǵأ
ԷһУһжЦˡ

ͬӳˣɣ𲻽üСʹ󣬿ƢãӲ˵˼ᡣ
ǳܣΪν˻ϢĵطԶ޲ĿдŲ֡
û˿㣬ԶԶģһ仰ûС

ûУȻ˳˵û˵ЩѺˮϣķԸȥ׼ɣǰͽǡ⻵һҪˣҹɲ˯Ұ⡣

æϵһˮŻȫϨˣӣɣ˵Ҫ·ˡ

֦ϢĹ˻۾ϵıӰڷ˿˿Σвײʧ롣 
뿪𣬾Ҳûͬ˵һ仰ɣûͬദ

ӣſûӡʰϵңճ˸ط˸С¯һֹš
ҪҪȥ̽̽Ŀڷ磿

룬δҲ֣ڶûں顣ῤˣɫΪĻǰڣͶ壬δô󹤵飬˹ȥʮ֪꣬黹Ҫࡣ

֪ıҲ֪˽ǰһֱЩһӸܣ֮ǰҲ֪

ãʲôʣֻܽпģ֪Ķ˲

СʣӣҪҪȥʺҪÿ

ѾʼǰУЩ˻һţʾȥûƼѾûͬ˵𣿡
ᰱɣˣֻܸڶ渺ܣĶĿͬ˵

źЩҲûʲôںݷ飬ͬһһ֪⡣Ҳû취飬ϾɣǺᰵͷûΪ

˻ӣ˵棬ȴСһ㳤ķ㲻֪𣿡
ͷεöӰ֪Ӳ˵¾Ͳʡ

˻ǣЦЦЦȴû۵ף㲻һ죬Ҷ

ɫĵߵĵһգְǱֻҪӺúõģСʲôأ
»ƴȫӵ׻ʲôܣı֮Ǵ治ҲãָҲա

ǸʮɣüĿ䶼ɵʵûо˵ȴĲں

˻ֻԼ;һ¡
ḧؿڣȥе

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س·̣ʱҪ࣬ٴů;ⰻȻ֦۲ðѿɽһ˻
ʱһ֮ɫ˿鶼ˡ
ȥ;羰
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Գںβ
νʱ緢˭뵽˺ݻôջ
鲻ȴЩɻ 

֤Գ𣬡ͱֵα¶ݣ

ǣѾǵͻˣڲԱ⸮ԶԶļ͹һ棬úġ

ԳĬƬ̣⵹ˣ˼ٰʱ˼ǲܣûпǶڲʱѾùлҷ޵ݣû뵽ͬݾɣͬһطǡ
ʱֻſǶЦ˿ңҺǶ˶ôûɴǡ

µѾָܺʹıүĿ󹤣˫ۡͷˣҲɵһ㣬ʲôʲֵ

Գɫıδ죬ﲻˡúݴʷ̣ơ

ԳѴæȥȹ˻ĽģЦһأĶ벻ףǺñֻϲǱ֣ܷܲĴԻλأ˼ѵ˵ãλͳǰյǹƥȥ˷ͽͷӣ湦

ת˲˸Ĵ𰸣ǿ֣ˣȥͱںݷһ飬⴫֮ˣñ죬ȻκηǾͱ

ǣ

ԳۿϸдõļӼźҲʲôЫˣѰһأҲ𱨣ݷЩ£ѼȻһĨȥкβܰæģ

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תУƽһ٣һǽͷеķ׷ţֻʣ³һɷ绪

ŴɣŲӲס⿴յ˴ţӽվҪسˣ˵ӣѾûмӣ˵һˣеǵĲУһŵš

ôûɣĽĲС

һüǼصĶվţü΢ȴ¶˿ֻҲǽĲС

ڣɣۼһ۾Ƽ˴ͷĺᰣֻᰴͷɥһæǰᰡ

סͷ¶ȤЦ⣬ż²ڸϺóԸԳ˸СӰ

ɣɺһԭͬ˵˵˿ȴĹĵͬ˵ˣȥӡ

ͷŵҲÿһӣ͸һɣ˼õɣӯ˳ᣬӣǿǻˣӿˡЩҪﲻסˡ

ɣۿ죬鶼˲٣ɣɵ뿪ʱԲ˲ٵСôҲ˼ء
ɣɿ˲٣һ̲ס˳
Ӷô࣬һһ·϶˲ٿͷ

ҿ˿ֻɣһʵüأûһͬ𣿡

ɣɲ˲ᣬ̽ͷ⿴֣üͬһġ

󿴣ƼһĨɫӰӣüǶءæÿλãѿ

ڴ˳ɣɵָ˹ȥüͬɣ˵ʲô
ֻʱ伫̣ѻûƳʲôüѾڵ˹

üйҲ̲סڻˡ

⣬⸱˼־Ѿþûܼˣɸпˣⲻǻؼ˵

ǰʻȥüһϸϸ˵Ѳڳ£Ĵ¡

񱻰˳йְֻлвٴ飬Ҳɶǰչ磬빬硣

ǰЩӣĻ͵ǰӣǵûŭʺﶼ˻Ϻһͨ𱸣ʺЩӲಡ齣նй̼

Ͻʳӵ˳ٹ̫ЩԭҲãлʳţҲɿЩֻ̫Щǿǰջ빬ȥ

Ѱš

еǰѲɣڱɵףûͬһ𣿡

᰽һģɿɣʹɫƫɣɿ˵ΪƼء

ѽŲûͣȻΪҪͬһɣ˵ˡ

ɣûףҪʣȴüץסӣߵ˵ˡ

иŸūͣſںţѣѼһأ鷿˻سͷһ¡

ɣˣһʼĻԭΪأû뵽ɣֻǱϲǣصĺܣǵȻسˣЩʱרչ

ü˵꣬սӵţѾ˳õĴ򣬾ڸеء

ѿϽɫ̲ס˴¶ЩȤЦУĲԴˣʰһԺðˡ˵Ļϲ˼ǰúȰȰ

üǻһͨ죬ǣӼˡ

ͻȻͲԸˣŸջظأҲʱϢ绹Ҫ빬ʥأȥ
ЪЪ顣
ЩĲɵĿαϣ淢˴

ü֣ŵĳ鷿š
ܾţ²ʱûӱ֮ǰ࣬Ҳ֪һԶǲ̫Щ

ɣɸںߣ߶߶ѽ׳ʲô¶ôһӣͲˣ

᰽ϵɳʵķֻ꣬Ҫţù־ˣǻس˿ʮգͬһ仰û˵
˭֪Ӻ͹ӵζսӾӣӲ˹ˣǾͲӱˡ

ǹҲӵˣһɣʡ

᰽ɳһɣ⵹ǣӻغȥˣڳſھͷֿˡ
ɣɻȻԭ˰
ʣȴԴס˰ǰ֣ҪȻʱǵúúѵһء
Ҽءɣɰһۣתȥֳˡ
ǲݷ˻ֵƿɲСڳĵġ





48.  ˼   һ̫¡

ٹ, ̫Ů˺һŵԶţ˵Щֳ˵, ˿ȥȴǰ˲١
ѹĸˣѲТ

ˣȥ˿£ͬ˵˵һ·ʶʲô

, ֻ̫ͬ˵Щһ·ļţһʱ̣ͷкͯ۵

̫, ʹˣʵúӿ֣ӱٹնޣúӵｫӸߣֻ۲⵱ܲܲ˶ӵֻ̨, ͷһ, ͷϲģ

ͷô£ôֿܿˣ

Ѽ״, Цĸȥưɡ
̫ͷȥɣҲˡ 

Ѹˣ, Ѹˡ

޵һֹԺкѧߵҡҡλεĻʳʳ޵Сͨ죬ֺСֲסָųٹŵķ򣬡ߣߡ

⺢ӲһҲ֪ͬĸֱ𣬾·ȣ˵Ҳʲ⣬Ҳ֪Ҫ뿪ܼŵ

վ£Ǻӣɵȥ꣬⺢ʱ򸾺۰ֻôһӣڻʹȴöӣֻҲܣǻµּ˭˵

̾˿˹ȥǼæ밲

ѿʵɣСôһֱڿޣĸˡ

ܿѾ޵ĿҪְһСǷû˯ã𴲾ڿޣūô岻ס
˭֪û˯ֻһдʣôĺӣֶ岻סǱضΪ

ѽܿĺ󱳺壬ҼȥߣҴȥ԰ˣȥ׼ЩˮСµĺѣߡ

óܿϵ飬ָŹŵķ򣬡С£ôȥòã

ܿһȴѾĻˣָŹŵķ򣬱̽ӣ⹰ߣߡ

Gߡѱ̧žҪߡ

˻æǰֹϷԸС뿪ٹ

磬ѱ㽫ܿĸЩǾͿޣСӼҼǿ޻˺ô죿ĸϢķ
¶ɫֵ£˸Ƕȥ˵οֻȥ԰ɢɢôĺӣҲãҲȥ𴦡
˿ɫһʱЩľǰλ޿ʹǰЩһˡ˵Ļ˲ҷķ

Ҳܹ룬ֻù̺ӽܿϣžͳ˳ٹĴţ˽¸̫̫֪Ҳû˵ʲôĬѴ˾١

űͷ߲˶ٵСȴһѹˣҲû˵ʲôֻ˳ٹĴţüǰȥǶ߰˵԰˵

üɣӣ᲻᲻׵ģҪʳڳٹöΣһûܼϻʳһ档
ðȻûʳľٴ룬ǻ֪ˣ𷣿ô죿
Ҳ־ܿвסڣűţ˿̵Ҳ
ȥˡ
üû໰ֱȥʺС

ߵ԰ԺֵĻľ֦Ҷï֦ͷȥһ֡
ֻ̧ܿͷȥߵÿһˣŶˣ죬һ˫Ĵ۾ᣬۼҪޡ

ժһĲ軨Ŀ⣬ܿʲôʱסûӣӲͷƤԼͬСӴһ

Һãĺܿ죬ԤĻҪ졣

ǼŰ׷밲УǣߵܿǰղĶӸ˻С
кᣬȴ˵˼ӵĻ
ֻϧĽӸ§ڻƹƬ̣еõο壬˾ͷΧ

ۿЩ죬һԵѣǿЦüЦˡ

ЦҼմɫãĸҲϢܿߡ

ɩ԰߰ɡ

ܿ§ס˰ĲӣƬ̶֡վҲá
ѻ٣Ҳ֧岽Զţͬж˵Żӣܿĸ˯ˡ
ǰ§סܿ͵ֻС

ҳôˣĸǶҪչˣͻȥˡ
˵ŵĻ۾ȴڶϣһۣԼƫͷȥٿ
ֻͬ˵ţնлãԺòΪðաѣ֪Ҫòټһۡ

ҡҡͷֻɫҪˣʺǶҸȥ밲

ͷǿŹ߳԰ӡ

ٹĹ˭˵ֻܿȻ˯ˣҲȥɡ

ʱڣڵˣȴҲ쵽˹ʱ䣬ܿͻسٹַԸȥҹҲҪЩģĪ޵ɤӶˡ

̫ﻹϢֻ˰Ůʷ˵밲뿪˻ʹ

ܿ˰飬˵Ǽ£ȴ˺ܿ۸ǰͼӴ׵˵ࡣ
Ҳᡣ
ȥ·ϣüҲʣӣʳ飬Ҫ֣
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ɫһ٣üͷ΢ţżֲ⣬ü˵ǲǰ£ˣɲǰ£Լܿޣһ۵ּⶼˣŹ԰ӵɣܿһء
˵ֱԼڻϿҪô£һʥ⣬治ܷ

Ҫܹ˻£ԼĻ
ͬ˻˵仰ȴҲûҪ

Ѿݵ飬ȥһ£ȴǷúܡ

⣬ʵĹ죬ĪüѲֹ˵ܿһ£Ǳ¡
üϸ룬ŵĵûʳ밲ĸӷֱ֮ࡣֻӾţǰ󹬲ƽǱץס˴ǻǷǡ

ķĽеĲӺϣӳ⿴ȥϾҪߵȸţ뿪ʹˡ
һۿȥȴһ۾Ƽһɫɺ׹۵Ĺ˻

վڹŴͬԳ˵ʲô
ĺãȺҲһ۾ܱƼĴڡ
ŵɫۣĵǴůһ㡣

֪ǲ˹˻̧ۿĿഥ˻΢л˵
ѷӣתͷһߡ

һξ룬˻ƼеĹδ

ǼԵĳٻ壿
˻ջĿ⣬ǸǸ
һʱû˵Ļ
˼ӲãҲеֵҪîˣÿձ㲻иҼסˣ
š˻ͷͬ˾ڴ˴𣬸˻ظ

ԴӺѱЩĲɣüȫȻС
֪Щ£ȴȫֻ֪֪ͬ˻˺֮ìܣһƢõˣŻüۼ䶼ŷꡣ

ҲȰֻϸϸ˵ű£Ҫ˵ҲǼΪ֮£ü˵ˣǰգϲͬڶˣʮҪ顣
ͬôһβĹ
Ҳ֪ģȻϲ
üЩΪãȴѵǺƽ˼ϲ׼һݺˡ

ЩпͬСȻҪˡϢ춼ûУΨף
ӹÿ죬ϾҪڳһˡ

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ü⻰˵ûн˵ڽ£Ҫȥصĵ
Ѳں¹ؿϣϣҹ磬Ҳȥ

ʱҲϰðɵˣѿЦá

ѱҲûȥ˳Ҫء
ңͬңǶιͺѾϱӵ飬ǰңԶˡ

ˣҲȥġӿ

ֹһգ˵ܿ԰Ӽ顣

ɫƽû
ʵĽ뷨˵˳ֻţС껹ôСտ޵ɤӶˣǶа

Ǿ˸ܿСʱʱļĸС¿ֵˣӹҲܿЩ
ţͬ޸ϵ˸Ҫͷһ˱ǡ

ǻӻҪ󣬺ķѵҲҪࡣ
ʳտ֣ƽأ
ʳ۵ͷá

Ķ֪ܲΪ飬˵мֵһŭҲ˲٣ҲҪ̨£ԸȥðÿѮϳٹ밲˵ǰѮһȴҲò
æлߵл˸֮˵ͬ۶֪Ϊ˰ܼܿл

۰֣ɫˣ˵£ͬ˵˵ݵ

ɫģ˵Żҵ͵֤ȫıֻӢ£Ҳûܰʲôæ

ˣ۷ʵ

ѵͷǡͬԳ˱ʽףֻҪԳ廹Ǹˣʽ׾
ҶۺͷΣݷ˻һһϸʵˣɫЩأȴͷٶʡ
ã۾ʢҪ֪伲࣬ȴ֪󣬲Ըš
鲻á
ѱ㽫ܴһƾٸ˵һأ룬ǳܼܰ͢һҲΪƵİ
۲֪뵽ʲôͬһźĹ˵˼䣬Ӧͳȥˡ

£ȴȥ

Ѳɻ󣬱һԶУͬദ£Σ

ôö˶˵¶
Ѿ֣ôʣıִǰӻëЩԶкܳȲ١һ·ͬԳ壬ҲˣͺãȫûҪͬԳʲôϵ

𣬡ǰ̣ԶУջ񣿡

򴽣βŵعҲջġ
֪ԼɫȫС

ʣȥʱޣԼѡλ
˹˵ţɫһ

ڳﶼߣ޵ϼġȥ飬һζ

ϸţŮ˰ȹʱָ˲٣οʼȫ˱µĴ
ҲѾ˻Լ

궼ʮˣҴ˻»綨Ϊãеѡˣ

ԴѰ˵ǶʧԺѾþûĻ£ͻȻһƬհףһʱش
ȥգĵ˵Ҫڳҵһλͬݡ

һʱûҵˡ
һʱԺĪֳ˻

۳æͬ˵СʱĻͷд󳼵Ⱥ££ȥС

ڹϣһʱãȻһʱ⡣
˿˼ҵôˡ

һԶУ˵ͬ˻ദĸࡣ
һϹЪա
˹˻ܡ
Ǹܣͬ˻Էسһ·ϣԷ
ЩΪ˼ǡ





49.  ϲ   µš

˳, ʱڣˣ̫ҫ۶Ŀ, ȴһɹˣֻ˾ůġ 
׳Щʱգ˳£ѵڿ԰, Σɹɹ̫ЪΡ

ɣɶкõḶ́԰С߹, ֵڻ֦϶С컨ʢһжմ˻
̧ۿȥֻѱ˫ۣ񾲣Ѿ˯С
˽ŲֻС߹ȥ, ս̷С, ԭǱ۵ȴ˫ۣɫ￴ȥ˯ء

Ϊ˯ءɣ˿, ˿ڵ̺ϣСǩӲпſűĻƺӣӿ쳢ӣ, ӸɽȪˮݹóء

ѽŽɵĳһţҧƹƤ۾һŻʱֵӣҹУʱлؿƼűⵣģ¨ĻɣﶼҶŻƺ͸ӣңʵڿɿˣɳȴ̡
ûдÿؼŶ򣬽ػضᵹ
ɸ̾ò˵Ĺӣνͽⶼġ

ȷʵʣĶģζٲЩ

ɣĿƲȥҪζˡ

ѽɫսУģӣң˭ģ
˴Сһ𳤴󣬸Ѷɣɵ˽νǼ㣬֪š

ɣɿɥʵʵĽ˸ףӱǷոģ˵ӣǳӣժġ

ѽǩӻǩȱȱûˣӲȥ𣬻üǶ

ɣɫɫȴֲ˵ӵ˺Щרӳġ
ûѳţȫ֪Ϊǰͬڹӣϵô֮ͻȻۣͬ

ɣʵСӣ㻹ӵ𣿡

ϣ̫Ƭ̧֮ѹϣûˡ
ûôС
ôã侲¡

ɣɲ⣬ӣΪתͷߡ
ԴͻȻϻһְٰÿնȥֵϵîӵֵĺԺҲڱ𴦣»ҲҪȸŵġ
ᣬﻹ岻ʱģù˻˵
Ĵ·һͣϰΪҪ
ֻÿԶԶƼ˻ܿߡ
ǹͷĹˣ˭ǼŹ˻ȣƫһתͷߡ

Ϊ׷˽¡۾ɣɻףȴҲٶ˵¡

Ъƫͷͨ

빬

ٿȻ߳޾ߣʣˣ˵ͻȻǰȥ

⵹û˵˵鲻á

ѵ˵ͷڹ˹ǰյԳҪϢ˹ǲչ޴·˹ô鲻أԭǽ٣ȴ빬

һʱ벻ס
ѣ̤빬·
*


˹֣˹̫Ѩ˵˵ȥԭĴǰϲҲûү𣿡

˹üƣ룬˫ۣЦһѾͷҴǰΪϳ軵ˣӵЩ²ɣĸ֮ϣҪЮĪ˵⹬Ҷ˶꣬䣬ҲûŮҷǱ˳׵ĵ
Ȼ˻ֶӣ̥ͿųģҲ᲻ù˻Ȣǵ
ᣬ˻ǻ񣬸ûб˼

˹£ȴҲȥЩԸĻӻŮ
Ҳۣսս۸ǰš
۰ģûùǵĹùǰ˳ܶԹǵҪӦ
˹͸Ƶģ֪幫֮ʣŮǱӱĺá
ʱţĵαأǷˣվܵ˺ԶݣҪѱӵⱲӶղݵһšƫǱӱ۰Сǣѳ

ֻϸϸĿοһͬҲʳϣΪǡ

ΪԸ￴ţҵĵǰ̣⺢ӣǺ˲٣̫ҽ֢ûû⡣

˹Ϊ·

ֵūţԴүͬ󣬱ȴǰɺöˣ˵ǡ

˵Ż䣬乬˴ˡ

Ц˵ʲôʲôɼū澲ñ˵ˡ

˹ЦЦɿһ˿뿤

վߣԼͷ˿̴ӽ䣬һԣ֪ٳŮ˿빬Ҫ£

˹͵ǰֻ˵˵

Ƭ̵ãȻкλ˹˵

㣬̫ǧգ˽밢ײ 

˹˵⻰ʱһĶѿ

Ƕǰˣ򴽣ԭǼ¶ֻҪᣬ˻ᣬҲᣬ⹬Ӧ֪

ͻȻѾ֪еȥ
˵µˡ
Ҳǹ˻ؾֻԼˡ

һ˲ˣ̹ϵô¡

գԭȥժ¥һأ·ǡ𻰣Ƕ˵Щ죬Ȱ˵ȥ

˹ͷڻǰ˵˴£˵밢̵Ļ²ɣаٰ

˹̾˿ֵǺӣϴͻ飬ûӦ׼˹˵ҪԾ

ƤһδҲ̫ЩΪ²ɣԼϷˣ
ңƾʲô˵飬˻⣬²ɣֱǺ졣
ôܰ׿ҥء

˹ıԣ뱾˽ģڲ˵ĻҲδϡ

ֻǱ棬밢һ˺֮УദĲֻΪλ˳ôã˵Ụ̋Ƶߣôǳˣ

ԳСӣд黹Ҫһ͹˻
ʶﰵһԳ塣
ֻÿعӸǰ࣬Ҽ·ߣֻ·߰ˡ

˹ǰСƲӲ˵ǡ
ţϻ֮ˣЩȱԸ֮£ٶۺ

˵빬ĿģŰΣ㣿

˹˵Ѱ

ƫЩ򴽣˵Цˣ⣬Ĺﶼ

ο֪ģ˸ѾӦ׼ңڳ˷պҪȥµſ׸

һˣش⣬һȥ

ɲˣ˹ֶйԸͷôԸù˻ݣŮأ

ΪԼ׳仰˹ؾͻͷ

룬˹һ۾ͶС˼ֽ˻㣬ϲҼҰ̣

⣬ͣס˽Ų





50.  ϲ   ϰɣϲ

һؼ˻, һһƳ

ڶؼ˻ʱҲֻƬ̺, ˵Ϊɵĳ¼ңͦ顣
ֻǺ棬Զûдﵽĵز
˻ڹ˻Ǹšǧҹ, ڵƻ¡ڶ˱ڶԺѩĲ¯ԡ

ԭ֪䣬͹˻ʵѾͬ顣
֪ʶľΪǶǿԲǵ, ̸ĵ֪

ϾҪҵͬһʱ̣ͬһطͬһյƣ˵ͬһ仰ˣǧ֮Ⱥ֮, жأ

һ, ·ʱӵȺǲվյ£ͬ˵Ķɵ׷ 
Ҫ޾, ϵŸĸݡ϶ķΧԣ̸ɣѡ
˻ܣЩܱ, Ҳء

ϲ

ϲ
仰˹ǵһˡ
֮ǰҲͬʹ
Ļش𣬴̹ԥػشϲԾؿʼԥĻشϲٵ˿̣˹ĿƵؿȴĴʱȴǰô˵ϲ֡

ôϲ˻أ
ôϲ˻أ
˻ദֻΪͶԵ

˻ɰûƵĵط
ΪҵǸˡ
ΪΪǸˡ
ϲģӦǸ˲Ŷԡ
ԣŻƶİȥҵˡ
жĵ˽ԲţҲִڴˡ
ΪȷԼϲˣȻô˸ػɻһ̣ȴأ

˵Լ΢΢ſҪ˵𰸣ɺڸϲֺǧһѹںϣ

*
˹ǰĹɫãȻ·ʳ⣬ʮ껹ҪãȻⶼҪ֡

˹ɻһ˲ѲϣŮ鰮ôѽ

ȼѾյβ嵭˵ζȥʱ˹ǰĹҸĻش
΢΢˳Ľëס񣬺ΪƲ˵ʱ飬ҲͲֱܷе١
ҪʧˣҲϲӡ

˹֪ʧǸˣ̾˻ֲֻҪҵԧף㲻ؽţղлҳ

ѹûбķԸˣ͸ˡ
Ҳ֪ԼҪߵľٶмҪ֮⣬˵ĻǽȻ෴˿̾ͺж˱ףվսϣȣʵ⣬һ

˹ǹһĨЦ⣬Ҳٶʣˣԭ٣빬ȥ

ѳĬĸˣƹ౦̧ҪÿȴǵɴƳɵһӰƱԵŶڷ¡
ֻһ˲Ƴ˶Է˭
źЩ˳һÿȥ
վڷ£Զ֮УҲת

˷׷״ͷĿֻԼڡ
뿤ĶԻҲЩ
ӽǰźģţǶĿ֮£ȫûûǲΡ
Ǵʱ˿̣˵һλǾڵ⣬ɲɣպ̸

˶ԼĴڸУȴŬĹ۲λ᲻Ρ
룬λֻɫĻк

ӡ
޶໰
һ˴³һ˵С

˻˿ǰ˹ҲǴɡ
˵У˻й񣬱εùãǰ̸֪֮ͬ£ѹҪ˿

˹ȻΪ㣬ҪҪıȢˣҪװױɱ˵
ҪѰٻͲںҪҪĶȴǹ˻Ӳ

Ѱ£ڴϡ飬˻Ѿ֪
˿˹ԣȴҲ޲ֻ˵Ҳýǣ¡⻰ŲƽΪ˴ȫȻͬ
ͻȻĺĮںѰٻʱΪĽﻹϻضȰʱᡣ

֮УΪǨŭڳס

ֺԿȰ룺үҲΪã˵

˹ǲֹֻ֣䣬ֺǣͷǶ˵˲ϲ㣬ǲǿ󡣡
⻰ʵ˹֪ԼѻµʹҲֻΪһƵ¾˼ѼȲӦЪ˼ˡ

ֻǴ˿̣ŴԶ֮˵ֶӣ˶ŭ̽ʵ㵹һΪ롣ôϲ
ϲұΪּΣ

˻ɫסƬ֮ùĪΪѿΪֱ֪Ĵ㣬ҲΪѡ
αڲ塣

ӣʱǲִԲ򡣡

˹΢΢üͷ̡

˻ɫֶçײùϢŭ

̸ֶⷬԲβ

*
ӣôʲôȵѽɣȹڣŬС׷ǰͷɵѡ
Դ˳վ߽˹أѾܾûԼ˺·ˣһʱ߲죬û׷ȥ

ҲǼɹһ㣬ūǸæ밲ֻһ̧ͷѾѾߵԶ

߽鷿£ţԺò׸ɣɣв֪Ҳæ˵æǵģҡ

˵⻰žһͽŸϣ

ôˣüⵣʵԭǲý빬ͻȻ٣Īǳʲô£

ɣɵз飬˵һء

ü̲סü˹ƹܺ󹬶꣬ʶȱͻȻһ¶֮ʣٳɿ͹ӵĻ£⡣

ɣɵǵü㣬˵ǲҪӺ͹Ӵٳһλ£ģܲӲ˵ķɡ
ɷڹӿ˵ˣϲӣֹˣҲˡӺ͹ӵĻǲܳˡ

üһֵΪķԸ鷿
˶һǲ⣬ӵԣŲ飬ͷһбԭ

ǽߵϣɫʧ롣

һġš
һǡ
ôأ
ûһӣ㾪ֲš

ʱһֱڶûа취Ĵ𰸡

ѵĽǻ߶һأϲ˻
ôأ
Ѿ˵Լ
ΪֵĴ𰸣Ȼˡ

ֻӳʱ򣬾֪һ⣬վŵǹ˻ʱ
ԺȻܿһ㣬ţͺǱѹѾãͻȻҵͻƿҪйһ
ϲ
ҪҵˣҲϲ

ϰɣϲˡ





51.  ֪   ʮߵǸ

ʮߵ, Ǹһҹ֮С
ƻͨɣĲ, ߵ˷ţӣϲԵİ˱ѼأӽԸһգϻǰιȥô죿
鷿ڴѵĻش𣺡Ҳ
ɣһ, ȥʮ㣬û¡

ڷǰվţûƬ, ֳüʵӻû

ûأ֣⵽ôˣ

ⶼһˣΪķ
ɣߵţ̸̸ͬ׳˺¡

ȴͷˡ
վǰƽȫǻżæŽԼ鷿ģ, ָֻ侲ģ

һ۾Ϳͷվǿ, ǣ˵ǰĵĻôվţҹ, ȥЪŰɣû¶
˽ɫǣɣ곤ɢȥԺ, ҹеԲɢġ

˵ǲɵѿЦ
һգһ仯
ǿЦϴСǸˡ
ڲŷ֣ԼµһĺͿˡ
ȻŹͷԸԸǵףΪԸգѲҲҪһ

Ϊ˵ɣ

£˼û˿һ㳨

һʼҾ֪ͬ˻Ҫ̫
ҲȰôΣҪͬ˻ߵ̫
Ͼǹ˼ˣֱ̫ܡ

ЩҶûзϡԼ϶˻Ѱ֮ˣԼĺģ޽ٵ˻ȥ̽кܡ
ͬ˻˼𣬾ʹˡ 

û뵽үǸһĽѵ׸ˡ

ɣ˵ԳĻȴֲţǼ⡣

ɣ˼Ƭ̣ʵ

ֻǲʺϡѽ°䡣
ҪǽգûܷӦжá
*
ֹһգ峿ʱ֣ճ׼빬
ճ˿ĴţƼڹ˼ұԺ֣ææİŶ

Ҫغѽɣɴֹ
ɣɶˣ˻ɲһֱס˼ұԺ׵ڣǺӣһҪغһֱھӵġ
룬ôôõھӣӾҲûҪ֮¡

˵⻰ȥѵɫɫ糣Ҳᣬֻһ

ӹл˼ұԺǰͲ˼ˣѾ˺˼ұԺԺҲסˡ

룬˻ʲôҲá

ֻմظȴ˼ұԺĴű˴ƿͷ˳һյ裬пգ

һ㶣Ӵ˻ûߡ
ȥ¥յļƣҪͬ

룬ʲôһأ
żķһת̧˹˼ұԺ

˻ͥԺеСͤ¯ţˮţӭ

󣬶˶ڲ¯ǰ

˻˹ϴŲյؿѾ֪ҽձغסˡ

ѶŷڲˮҶˮŲͣӿݹš
Ƕϻѩ裬Ź˰꣬ʱǻ̽˽ĿʼգΪ˵

˻һյ裬͵ֱߣ㳢ǽ޺ɽϵ²衣

˶٣üۺʹ棬֮Уҹ˿ģǸ

νЦЦ˵ЦˣǿȥĺݣͬǸŶԡɲǣһҪù˻ȥĺݣȫû˻ͲȥҲûҪı䡣

Ѷ˲յԲƣ˱ҾͶ˰ɡܹ˻룬һʲôζûƷһڿɬ

˻ЦЦʢ˵ڶյ衣

ϸϸƷҶ࣬һֱǿζ

˻΢΢˵üͷһ˫鶯ЦЦʵҲȿ裬޺ɽһѻǧ꣬ʱ˽ԴΪ

Ѻ͵Բ۾Ź˻ޱ˻ȲΪͬҵֺαͬ˵أ˵ʲôƾʲôΪһٶĶܸȤ

Ͳȫ㶶ȥ

˻ĬĬȻЦ룬뿤ʶһҲǴΨһ¡

ԭΪԼκβ˻⻰̲סŭͷ֣µ㻹ǲȴԸܡ

ֱǺݺݳһڶһ㣬ЦϧҲ֪ˡ

˻ţƬ֮󷽵ǿ֪أ
ܣǰʼ֪һģࡣ
ԭżȶļƻһ

һˣҲȥͬ˻Ȧӣǻҷ㳤˰𡭡

䲻ͨҩȴҲ೤ҩ֮ˣĺܣҲȽ֣ᵽ˶ʮͣϴһڡ






52.  ֮   뿤ʶһǹĳ


΢΢̧, Ź˻۾Էһ˫ۣǲ۵, Կ̽

գ˵񳤸Ժ󣬹ʹһټʱ, ͱȴŻҪЩ

Ѷ˶٣Ȼǿһ£ȥʵƶϳһ

֪ܲ, ƻգҲڳͬѡͬһյƣ˵ͬһ仰

ʱ룬Ϊһˣȴأ

һͬȥ, ֪ȥ, ֻҵ˼ǰ

Դлʼһˣʱҿ, Ҷֲ㵽лǹ˻˵ЦЦ

˻ЦЦû˵

̾˿ֵȻЩ֤ʵܡ

˻, òףԸᣬ̽뺲ԺαһְҲʫ飬
ֻһ㣬岻ãж֮࣬ڣ˾ÿظ˵ˡ
˶˹˻¡

ʵں棬˵ʱֻܻʱ𣿳ǱĬջ۵ĽϢݸÿһˣոһյȥʵһջ˿ġ

ֳ飬ϸ֦ĩڶģ˫ӣҲûֵͨز

ֳһ꣬һӣӴ˳ӵĴԡ

һ꣬Ըǰ˶ϧȥĵزҲûԼƲĹϵ

ֳ֪ͬãʱ飬ϸ֦ĩڶġ

ǣÿضֳʱδֳ֪𣿡

򴽣سЩʱڲģ˵Ųٹܹ˻£ȴȥ˹˻ļ¡
ǣǲ֮ǰ飬˵飬ʹȻҲҪͬǸҲȥ̽ܡ

Ҳͬ˻ȦӣֱŹ˻۾ʳǸԼŷ˼⣬˻㵽˭

ǹ˼ҳӣˮĵܵܣ˵Ŀɶԣ

˻νǲȣжܵڣʳһ⡣

ѲĴ𰸣ȻˣҲ֪𰸣㲻ûش⡣

ɫͻĺɣǡ

תҪߣ˻ڵ

ѱ㱳վţû˵

Ҫ飬Ƿ֮¡
˻üۣЦ⣬Цȴ۵ף뿤ʶһǹĳҡ

Ѵ󲽳ߣûͣ
˻ҪҲס
Ͼ˭ļ϶űҪ¡

ƽ͵кŵͷɣɣɣȥˡ

ɣСͬʲôæͬ𣬸ѵĽŲɼ۱Ժȥ˿

Ժȥ̧һ˻Цŵģйֵͬô黹ôã

ؿ·

ӣԺǲǲˣɣʵС

ţˡƽӦһ
»ټؾǡ

*
˵չ˼ŮҪ빬ݼ³ײ˿һռ١
ڳٹ̫ŪСֶӣ˴ҲֻͷҲãÿˣٹȥ

£̫𣬡˼Ů빬
̫粻ʺ£ȴһ㣬˼ҳǶĸŮǷ˻Ĳڹмţ˹ǲ档

ѽ˹ܿУЦ˵ǹ˼ҶүżҾϻǹ˶˴ż빬밲

̫ĸ⣬˼Ҷүϵλسôͨˣ

ĵҲ֪Ϊأ
ֻ˼ҵ飬ѾˣҲ֣ð䲻о仰ڳţȥʷ

̫󱻶ЦôãԸ

򴽣ãҪȥ
幫Ų˸̫ţţͷһؿ˵£ֽ
žüͷȻֵɼһ嶼á

۵Ķ죬ױܻݡ
ʣΪЩؼңҲҪ

̫ͻȻˣʵôǣ

ѱ˵شʤ̣Ƕɻ˲ݣǼ¡

³һĻڻص˳ѵöĸӺɫй½ַΪΪ˵ڶĻӡ
ţҲ
ݺҵ飬ûнǣУŻʺǧﵽˣ˿ڣ´磬ҪΪʺҲͻȻ˹ְɢү

ӣǿһձһ֡
֮ϣΪ˸鳳òɿ
һһҪߵ͡
ʱĬ֮Ͽۡ

ԳҲ֪ǲǣһˣԼѺϤʵҲֱףҪ񽫾볤ݴʲô⣿

ʾ֣˴ͥԺܹ˶ţƫԳ겻ɢͲˣ˹£Ҳ뿪

ʸ£Цı⻰˼ݵĽʿѵͲǾ˸Ľʿڲ¹ͣѵͲ볤ʥ𣿡

˵еԳȴûԵڹ磬㣬ֻ㣬ǺΪĵط

ıϽһοЦ

⻹˵ԳƳе𣬡˵ǰЩӣΪףԷƿȥݣôΪû

һĬ
һȥݵɱΪ˳Ժ̫࣬͹˻Ҳ³Ϊˡİˡˡ
룬䲻˻ͽ¸ˣʮֲ
˳գ˶ڿ޹Ӵȱĳмӡ

ôͰ̳ˣԳ˵֡

ѽѾɵݸԹˣװŷڣһߵı⻰˵ĺûͬӽǳһ˵Ϊ˹룬ıպ˵¡

ԳЦһΧ̫࣬Ҳἰ˻ֻ˵˱¡

ֹգʺǧкһء
ҷޣø棬ȫ˻ʺ󣬻˳һǧһ֡

һţļλүԳɫ죬ǿȤ

Ĺ۲˲ٰ˻ǧĹ˹ɫƽȫȻûǻʺλ֮κα仯ûϲãȴҲû

̲סΪ˹ϧϧʲôҲ˵

ʺǧڶգϣг顪֮
۶ûɿڣؾ˿ڡ֮꣬
Ϊ˭׷վӣи𽥸ˮ档

񽫾ʾ볤ǻϲȥӭݽʿԴŴ磬ԭʿЩͬ񽫾ͷ볤׺ݳ࣬ǰΧ۵İոһء
ݹ֮أǿƣǽϹһֻۡ
˵ˣûƼվ𣿡

һڳŵȺɣɷ޷޲ƽݲȳѵͲǴЩ˿ǡ

סڡɣüͷ̧־ͷء

ɣ۳ᣬȥӵɫѵö˵ʲô˵ʲôӽóˡ
ɣæ֪ǰǾڳܴ񽫾쾫볤ǿ绢ɲ֪ǳؽ磬ӽ£˫۾ſ

񽫾еǸǰִЦ常һ·࣬ϯ常빬ȥʥ

ΧĴ󣬺ǻԭһ㣬ЩĻ˵һأȫȻûðء

񽫾΢΢һЦֻݻص߰ɣܲûϵš





53.  Ĺ   ˮŸˣڶȴ

, Դ˼Ҷүϻسְ˼ҳ˼Ҷ֮䣬, ˶˳ѫңŹ˶ү꣬ò׻˳ҪػسĽȦ, Ը޵ŮǰѰ÷
ֻ˲ȴҺ, 罻ʵľٶûаӦͺȫǷͬ
˶˲ɻ˹ʢ費ϣڳҲߣ˼ΪĸңڳҲԹ˼ңΪλأ

˶Ϊ⣬ʰ˼լ֮, ʱúô, һЩ˲õ顣

˺ȥܼҲϣݵū͵Ⱥ˵, ֮һ֧Σ̫ǰ͸ȷ˵ģȺū;˼Ҳ͵ȥȴӷ, ִֵ̫ǰ
̫ŭּܲ˺˽㣬Ҳ빬
˼涪ŮԴ˱ͬ˼߶ǻδҵĹڼҿ޺۾ҲҲһźʵĽ׶

˶ԭͿˣ۵Ů²˳

ǰֱˣǺôǹˣΪӲϳְæأ
ĸ޴棬ѵͺÿ

˶Թ˺ˣȴ˿Թ޹˹ʣȴɩǰ˽ƣϥ³󣬺үƫǵ󸾣԰ֵܶ˶кӣȻ갢Ρ

˲ᵱˣֲǺⳤ֮أλǵ¡

ֻǿҵӱĸŮˡ˼ҶĹСӱʮˣǹ˶һףԭǸó׵͡ϴ꣬ҵżأ

˶ͺ˹˺ˣȥͬһ˵Ĺ˺ͷ̧˺һؼңڹ˺ǰš

Դū͵һ·󣬹˺˺Ǳ˺һòȥʹò׺˹˺ģ̵
һֱĹ˺ֱð

֪ضͬûسҪסģֻǶ˴Ʋﻰⶼ԰ˣʵȨӱ궼ʮˣڼδޣɲ֪Ҫӱȥϼס

үˣõýǺϲȡ

˺ӣͷܽѾʮһ꣬˺üѧȴЩ֪ߵغǿŻģ

˺ô꣬ӣһزһ˶иöӣȴƫƫ׽ʣôСӣȻǽߵĺܣŻϻһ飬˺̲סʲôޣ˭۸ˣ

Ƕ硭

Խ޵Ǳᣬſ˸ͷ˺˾ͽ§˻УŵҿĶ˭۸ĸ

˺⻰Ӷķ죬ͷ˵ӻˣ̧žͳ˻Ժȥ

˻԰غס󣬹˺Ҫ̣ȴҲͷգһӻ˹˻Уܵܲʮһ꣬㶼ʮˣûеֳӣá

˻ǰ˺һͨ׵ļӣǡ

˺ÿضӣЦЦǴų·׵ǰûаӦе档

ЦʲôΪʲôҪܵܡ

˻վû˵Ҵ

˺Ҳͷϣ˵㻹˭һ飬Ŷ֣ͬ

սüլðﻹûӣ

סˣǰү⻰δҲ̫ƫģҲ˵үմŻٷûĿϾȥ۸үأ
˵үСүЩѧýͬ˱飬˵ӣǰձүү棬ˡ

˻˿ڣ¡ֹ˻Ҫ˵ķֻȻΪһһ֣δҲ̫ҡ

˻ϻ׵ɫٷδ£Խĵݣɫ̹Ȼ

˺ɫһ˲ȷū˵˼䣬˺䣬ٿ˻תߡ

˻Цһֻ˹ٷûʱͻһȥ˶ү֮Լ

ȥ˶үϣҪȥ죬;ūͣ޲ɫţʲô¶
˻ɫ˲ű˹˶үС

˼һƫƧ԰ˮ̲ˮ紵΢΢ζǻ¶̴ūŹڵϣͰ͵үūŲѣȷʵѾŸ˳ˮ֪ô£ոūŴͷͿˮֹˮݡ
˵˲󿴣ֻսսָһָ

˺һΣǿװ򶨣Ըȥҹһ꣬˳ӣǼգץʱ䣬Ӹˡ

˼£һɻأѾŸˮ˲ݣȴĪֱ¹ˮˮݷï˺үֱ˽Ӹȴ룬㱻ƽˣǳˮ

Ѿ֪

ֵү˵ݻ˵ĵȥһˡ

˹üͷšƣаħ֮ߺүĹװŪ

ֻ˵ЩʲôȴͷһŮ㹪Ӧǣת˳ȥ



̧˵󣬷Լ¼ϣйķԸ֮˵¼ѾãĿ
£Ӧ죬⹬ͷ˭ȥĹ˭ȥӦǻ˵㣬ƫƫأôҪ飬ѡ

˹¼յֱߣû̾ʹ򿪣ǰĹϻض˵׵˼˾Ҫһӵӣɸ֪̾㲻ִ£ƾˡ

Ǳߣ汾һˣ˵ЩҹΪһöķ

򴽣Ӧһǡ
»ǳժ¥⣬ʹߵĵطо޴Ǻ˾ϡ

մڹ»ȥ·ڹߵģܼˣû߼·һˡ

ɫ΢٣ǰȥֻԳ΢΢ףһ֣ɫǰȥ

Գͣ½Ųпǲһ㣬ǰٳɣŲ˵ˣ»ץһ˿

ѵӰѾԶ˻ջĿ⡣
Ҳͦá

ԳҲֻ̾һ䣬˵飬ǳӵʲôëв

Ѳ˵ǰ㣬ֹ

˻ɫйΪλأ

Գֹ˺һŰοƵļԣǰߣ˵öԡ

꣬ǳˡ
һĺӡ
ĳӡ

Ǻӻػ꣬Ϊ⵱׵ģŵĵݷʲôõɮǰȥ롣

¹룬ɽ̫٣̫࣬һȹһգǿ̫ˣĹش޺ɽ紺Ϊˡ
ҪųסˬŻس
ƺһβĶ飬ǰĹ

سѡҲѡĺĥ
ǰ󹬣׷ײ²⣬˷̫֮λ¾λ֮ѡ
ʣ¶ͬԳݳС

سǵĳȸǰС

̫ϣ̧ۿȥȺУ˻Ӱ





54.  𽥸   常𣿡

ԴĹ, ˦ֻ֣ҪǾҪĹһӦԳ졣λүؼ, ĹȴҲλ£һӦλӴ̨
ֻŻʳ̫԰ӣϷ, ӹõȴǰࡣ

ҲĹＸλԴһº, ҲҹŮҲԶй˼

ȴҲᣬգͽĹ˸飬Ʋֶ

ȥʱ˻, 꾰, ҪΪȥƺɴҪһ㣬ִһ, ΪǮòɿ곤ѾĹĳȻҪԳ
ԳҪߵͣ۸ǰȴҲƫ, һʱԳ³ˡ
һĴδزǻ̧٣Ž̵߽
ΪΪԪڰżһ£ϡ

˵ˣҲֻü̾˸ôЩأһʡģʲô¶ΪȨսֻҪܶһͣ붫ԶЩһ㡣

Ŵ¡

ɣɴӴͷһţӣֲ͵ŵˡ

Ѹ±ʣŲ˶š

ӣ˵ʲôˣɣɲɺʵĹȻأɣ˻δȫ˸ˡ

ţɫҲû˵ʲôֻԭԪڿҪˣ˹˵ֵĺܡݵǲԪڣҲֻԪǼĽա
ֻ飬й֣УǼѪףΪҪǳأ

ˣͷɴˣŵ̨ˣʡ

ү˵ÿգԼϪɳԷһ

ԲԳԼһ
ȴ˵ǹ˵ȴĴĹ㡣

˶үڳæ깫Ͼʱ䣬ͻὫӶеǰ˵ЩЩΡ

壬洫Щԣ㲻ɷϣ㸸ӡ
ֶӵҲ֪ֵ÷׷ţʱͻ˹˻Ȱ

˻ֻһЦϵ£廹֪𣿡
Ҳ˵ľͷˣڸһղоһղð
˶үϴʵ̣˵
˻¶Щţ˹£Ҳһ뵽ڰе常𣿡
լǲܼ˵¶
˼ҷİ£ڳӵףʱ䶼ɢˡ

㸸Ҳδ롣˶үûشĻֻȰ

˻˲裬Ҳû

˶ү̾˻ֻЩ꣬ѰҩͻⲡҲá

˻ƵᣬֻͶЩΪֶѰҩֻ˸Ҳˡ

ҲϲÿҩʱŻһ£ࡣ

ⶼµˣ˻ȴ˶ഩһ£ȴҲڲסݵ塣

˶үȰҲֻ꣬ԪڣֳǶԤЩ֮ʱŵǰȥ

˻΢΢׵á
ֶ겻ȴûԶֶ֡

źСʱ裬˶үԭǴùţ˹롣
սսػŻүĻǶŷأֻµĵʿ˵ҪҪԺͷշ£Ҫڼҳվġүȥ¡

ʲôȤһ㣬˻һЦʵôүǽҵа𲻳ɣ
Ӷ׶顣
Щʱգÿţʿ̴ζҲնҪо
Ҳǹ˹ͬȥĹȻ֪˼ЩЦĻ£ֻ֪ʲô

˺ЩûܳΪ˹ҲͰˣ˹Ĩڡ
˿˼ҵЦ
˶үߵӣֱƣȥ˹˼δ棬ߣҴȥҴ硣

һ˸Ժ˺ͬһλŻɫ۵ĵʿ˵Ź˻ԭǳȴֿһԵĹ˶үǳĻû˵ڣɫõĿǶˡ

˺ˣ˻ɵ룬Լ˺ԸԹ˺ˣá
Сʱǲ¶Թ˺Ż᳣Ҫܽ
һֱڣﶼЩɻ
ԵǶ𾴶ޣԵģѾù˺˳ۣ˺ʵ糿ȥŸ٣⼸ڸкдվġ

֪ޡ¼µǰҪȥĹϹĿײ˳ҿϰֶβ֣ԣȫ˻Ȼ

㣡˺鷳ң̲סͶŭ˹˶үڳͺǳܵˣ⵱ģ֮Ķû𣿡

˻Ź˺۾⻰ȴӲöӵ裬αĳأ
˺ͺǧ¹ӴڣȴҪΪֽѣֱЦ

˶ү˿ڣ̣ȻȥϢ

˻ǻȥ˶үǷ𣬱תԺ

ȫȻ˺У˾ù˺ɫͨ죬ϣؿֻϣ

˶үۿ磬ҿͿˡ
ҺͿҶӣӣӹܶ쾭塣

˶үԣŵٰ㿴˳βģɱˡ
˶˵˫ģ˸磬Ǻ㣬ӣܹסҿɹδ㽫¶ơ

ܹ˺ͻȻͽסɫ˵ҲʡڣֵǷ꣬ù˼ҳЦϸ룬Ƕ֪ν͡

˺ûñ粵˶үֲż˵β̣Ҳˣһʱ򲻾ͳ⣿

˺飬ʹ϶˵ʲôʲôʱ˵Ҫ

˶үվǰЩ磬˵ðǳӣ޲ܣҲϮ̳кֳλܻʶĹ˼ͥԺգһʱͷ˫
ֻϧĴԺռŶûˣҲ̸

񳤰˼ԩĹ£ǵúͬദҪ֣۷׷ף˼ҵһձһհܻѵǺˣ

˶үҲȰ˺ϣưܳʲôкθϵֻһд֣˺ϲˣǣС

ֻ粻룬ƳԣǴ±ү֪պǸΪ֡
ˣǰֻ˵ϼ仰
үͬ岻ã˼Ҳûʲô
뿴źͰ𣿡

˺ԹӰгһվͳԹ˻κβãȴҲûٷ˶үĻֻһ䣬ҿĻЩ͸ҩճãʵңǻ𣿡

һ㣬˶үسһٰ֤˴˻һڷģֻ鸡;ƿ֮ࡣ

нһٲ

˶үЩ̣Σ
жֽţֻװ֪ϾĹ

Ϊ⣬˺ɫȴ

ҹҲײ˹




55.  з   ҹĺ˽˯ȥˡ

ҹĺ, ˽˯ȥ˺һհ㣬˯檷, Ϊзһķ
һĳͻȻʼðˮȥԭǳŰĵˮ, ֪ʱмɳ忪ˮð
Ըˣſ, ˳ˮڣû뵽ûգһֹ
ҲǸѾ˶ĳ㱻ˮҲûʲôϵ
ƫԼ￪ʼ顣

꣬ĳӾ⴦⴦㱻ˣһô, ȴͻȻֵˮĹ¡
˵, Ӧú£Ͼ׶ӡ
Ԫڽػ, ׶ӻɱ

˽ƽˣû뵽ڶգ˺ˮĵǡ
Ļ̻̣ǲǴүˡ
˺Щ, óĵõɮ˽˼ա
˺һֻһûȫ³

۰ӹ迪ʼĪ⣬ÿͷһ˻ȥ˭Ҷ֣ô鲻
ǰգ費֪ôܵǷĳѾƽ边Ȼˮʪ͸ڳĺɫ֮С
ǰȥѰҶӵĹ˺ˣЩûǶȥ豧˸ǰȥǹ˻»˽˳

˯˼պ󣬹ͱóմ񣬱ҪȥǶı
ǷɵˣǱǶĴүԩ긽˸һ顣
˶˵϶Ǻһ֣үԩˡ

ûа취ǣ˻ӳʱӣ˶˵ҲҲ飺ΪβҽȥѵҪŰҲͷ

һ̣Ź˻òܿƵǸڳĺӣֵܶ˫ӣòһֲ˭˭
Ź˻񿴼˵Ǹվǰ
һһ
Ǻˡ

˫ӣͲ꣬ĸ˵̥
ǳͲϲӣȴǽˣ
ؾˣνѵӶǶԵģӾ͸š
ɵŭʳأҲʧֶѣȻô
˻ʲô
ҪǺˣ˻ܵӣܵյİ

˻һУ⵱ӵĸġ
꣬˶ҪȻɱˣö¶ˡ
⵱ӵģôһأ˹˻һСꡣ
˶ɱĺݶˣЩ꣬ù˻ȶҩ˻˶⵱ģ׵Ҫ׽
ɲ֪Լ·ȥ

˺۾ͷϵİƣ飬ʮ꣬ѾҪ벻
Ĺ£ɵʮǰ顣

գһͷظŶһظͱ˫еһЩײ

ֻǵգǺӴƫƧ˼ҷͳȥ
΢ѹʱǺѾѪڵϣڲסš
ȻǣԺǺѾ߽ˮУ˳صס

˸飬Ҫȥȣȴ˵˽һ˸νͣ
˵⻰ˣǱˣ׵ܵܣ˶


ĿѴʵүô˯ҪҪū
˺ѣŭͷ͵ؽһƣҹȥ
븮ܳһ
ͻȻŵɪɪ˱Ӿߡ
ɴһ߿ţͷŵæү

Ժп춯

ûУԴүԸ˺úÿӵԺӣǵ˾һֱţү˷纮ոջԸȥҩ¸ȥҩء
ʣүҪȥƣ

˺һֻáûȥ˻
ҩ˻֪Լⲡãնõҩء

˺Ъ檷У˵˵ȥԺ˯
ֻ׼Ъ£еĵƺǱ紵һʮҺͯߣǳɫӰǰ
кӵẰǳɫӰƽ
͵ػˣˣ
˵˵Ŷ룬жʱޱȣʲôӰ

оչֽǮζԳ̤Ĵţ̲סüͷ

æع밲Գڰֻ֣ʲô

æүĻ⼸ոЩ̫ƽүˣү˵ʿ

֣Գüͷȵɵʺ󣬱ֹģĵʿͺаһ¡˼ݣ

æȥͨԳֻؾֻ֣̽·ɡ

˻ȴڳдģµˣϻһɫɴѣ俴ȥ忡˫Ҳžȡ

֪ô£͸ʥȥĹԳ棬ƿҪݳһѹͷ̲ס

˻ֻЦЦһĵȻ֪үǰΪ£

»˵˲٣̽㣬𣿡

˻оȣȴָԳ嵹˱ȥǸһүүء

Գû⻰ֻʣԺͷôôţô㲻Ǳˣ

䣬˺ʹͷӭԳ壬֪ү٣ʧԶӭүˡ
Գ٣˿ȴҲܿ˹˺΢΢׵˸

˺ɫãոʱԳʻæͣգ岻ã֣ʱүˡ

Գɫ岻ãΪβϢҪģ

˺ɫһҲû뵽˻˶ȰķˣԳȴ˻

˻Χ˵ٹԪڣ긮в̫ƽ볭дԪռ棬ø顣
˺ɫæˡ

Գ͸˴ǡ

ӣүôͻȻˣ
˻ü΢һʱҲûףѵԳվΪ

ͷԳ˺ţŹ˼˵ӰŷԸȥ˿̾ǰȥĹʵź˳ٸ˵ү£ֻ岻ڸһɱţġ
µɿ쳯ȥ

*
峿۸մӴ𣬾˲䵹£Բѡ

֪˲࣬סĹѾϷֻ֣Ӭɲȥ
۽ǰֻ̫Ĵ̫ҽ˹Գ

ôˣ˹վţɫŴ򿪣æǰȥ

̫ҽսսɫҲãз֢֮ǽѲֿ¡
ܣˡ
̫ҽǹһء

ǹ˹֮ˣ⻰ҲɵһΣЩιȥ
Ƕվ˳򶨷Ըȥʲһ£ұܣ⴫
رǣܸ̫˼ңġ
ȥλ󳼹

ǣȥˡ

ӷԸ꣬ת˹ɣλƫˣضҪλ˵

˹ɨۿĴ΢΢üͷ





56.  ²ð   ˼Ҿˣ˭

ү, ûҵԳӰ

ĴɽȫѾѱ飬δѰӰ

ǰػԽԽ࣬ʧȥ, һȺ˶ץס𣿡
ԴͷҴ𻰡

ʱѾһ, һգʼС𣬶ۿʱʱ, 㿪ʼĵĽ˷ǰĹ˶ĹһֻӬɲȥ
ɹûʣϲΣ˶ɣڻû֮ǰ˭뿪Ĺ벽
мֵв֪ʱѾȫȻĽ, б˾֮ˡ

˱ƹ, ڱС

ֻһˣûƿ֮С
Գˣ˽ĹΧסʱ, ԳƤӵˡ

ʧȥģһȥǰˣǱ˾ˣѵȫľԴһ˶ץס
ȫ벻, Գ񵽵ܵġ

Ѿ˰ʱ
ڱ˭ĸ˭Ҳûȿ˵

Ҫסˣ˿ڣò߱Գ񵽵ܵȥˣ
Цһ΢ŭЦʲô

Ц⣬ʼ

⻰Ȥô֪Ķȥأ
Ѳɻδ֪֪˸񳿻Სأ
ֻ֪ڻϲغ󣬾ͽ˶ҸﲻԼܣҪأ
Ƕ˶Ҷԣ˭ᵱϻϣء

ȴûţʲôһ㣬ҲЦƱ磬˵ıˣֻǰͻȻԳʲô˵ˣͬԳҪһ¡

ɫ΢䣬ԭ˼ң

ǰԳԼϪɳԷҪ¡

⻰ʹˣƹܽĹڱƿ֮УΪصԼҲڱƿ֮С
֪ԴĹԺȴӲŮһɽˮ·޺ɽͼ־ҲʱĴ۲Σ񣬱ö޺ɽĵò˽ˡ

Խ˵ɫԽ԰ס

Ҳ˱ãñ֪ԭͲأֻһֱҩάѣ嵱̫ӣĹΪ
Ÿڱ춯ֻ֣û뵽ԭöӡ
¶˺⣬ԭΪЩӣۿǳԳΪϲԳ
û뵽һ֪ԭԳĥʯԳ̫ӡ

㾹ѡԳǸȨޱΪƾ㱳ݾܸȻλ𣿡

֪ǰ޲ó׷ֻ֮Ҫ߱Գȥ˺δҲͬʽס
ǻ󣬱ΪΣ
ͬԳҪʺ𣿡
ԳܸģҲ𡣡

¶ԥ֮ɫƴǰǰƶʤȯգ׳룬ǧΪĲǱȫ޲ȫ𣿡

˵ֽϣƸ޹ʼ֮ƣþͲ㸸ĸ𣿡в֮⡣

Ҳסڵվ㣡
㾹Ȼݾа֣

Σֻû뵽һһʧСƵİ޲Ȼ֪в̽ӣЦ
˴һЦú룬ӵʱ䣬Ժٸ߱𰸡

˵ŵһǽ۵޾ӣ˿ۻ̫ҽΣԽԽ֮ơ

ѵϣȻʵҰŶ֣ԳץֹȢʺ󣿲ΪҸĸ

ȻˣŮ˻᲻뵱ʺأдϲڵȻᣬ˵ĻȻûзڵĵ
ο벻޲Ĳһ㣬׵ġ

ɫֱ䣬ԥ
ѵʱҪˣҪץʱϸ˼ء
˶¯ȼһ㣬ȼĺܿ죬ۿžҪȼյס

ƺ¶˾ģ˿ڵʱӦѾ뿪޺ɽķȥˣߵĲǹٵǴн߹һ̵޺ɽͼȥ׷Ӧúܿ׷ϡ
ѽԳ·˵̾˷ɿȥ׷Գ

дϲʶʱΪܣڴһԳ׽ٷ̫ߡ
Ϊͣ׷Ҫȥ̽۵һҪ˵

ҹĹҹž֮û˿
žĽ˺¡

۴ǰ̫ҽأгţǲˣүø⡣

ͷнѺһ˵Գ
дϲ
ˣ˿ȫǰ޾ⶼվ˸

ѻֲ̿ıվ࣬ԳȻĿһ˫۾ƺǿҪ
лʺ󣬹˹Ⱥɱ
ͼııϵȫԳͷϡ
վ˵ǰǰۣĿ顣
ó׼õʥּոδʱױдگ飬֮λڱ

֮Уʺվ˳˿η㣬ǻױگ飿
һЦʺȱ𼱣㲻СŶʺĿز𡭡
ʺɫһ𣬲˵ָ˵ʲô

ٿֻ˵飬ҲվΪǽֻǲԼɻܻŻȥˣ
иױگ飬ץıʵףȻ飿

˽ǲ
ɵôЦ
ôıû뵽ڽձҪʵ֡
Ǿ֮ϵıֻһ֮ң

̫ҽϡ
ϲתͷȥ
*
µĳ̫£ڳϰգ˾Ȫ֮µǣÿնһš
û뵽Ĺ飬ǵ죬ЩҪˡ
ɲǣĹĹ˽ЩΪԼҪǶóˡ
ʶ˹ˣ
λ¥ԿѼǮģشĹⲻרҵһ٣˵ѹѹ֪ıǶϸǲ𣿡
˵ʲôӰ
ôһ£ƽﲻɽ¶ˮȻλͷҰĲ֮ˣǰȻ֣ǻǵ𣿾Ǳ˾һֱûץֵɱ˰ֱʡ
֪֪治֪أһΪүıأϾүǱû˻ݡ

һ˾һ𣬶Ůӣ鰧ˣҲҵһ¡
ıĴ£Ҳ˿ġ

˼Ҿˣ˭˳ôֻй˻
˵Ůӣ˵˵ţ
һλŮ̾ͷҲţԮĹٱ˵ˣûмŹӵʬףξͶ϶Ѿɥأ
ǣҲš

µĳעն˰





57.  ʱ   ģ֮ǰܻؼҡ

ʪĵ֮, ѺˣΨһη֮УԹѺһ, ɴƷ׵ۡ
ۣé̵ĵϣѾˣˮδ, δãݡ
ǰѾֻλһ֮ң, ϾҪΪĵһˡ
˭뵽Ӹ߸ϵүΪڰյĵ֮еĽ

Źˣһ̶ûˡ

һ飬ȴҲûеĻش𣬱Ͼǽ, Բ, ﻹܾ߲ء
ֻۣĬŽŲ

˵ĽŲ죬Ůӡ

ŮŵӺڰ, ߵηǰ¶һ޵Сѡ

ѽǽϣ䣬˺, ſηˡ
Σʵ¶ôҲֲ
ɻϲټֳ˼£Գһ˳λҲ£龹Ȼ䵽ϡ
εӣϾ۲µⳡϷҲУʵɻסϰߣȱʲôңҽ

۾Ŀһº͡
λۣһΰ಻ס֣¶ţ֪ʱŻ¶ǰ

Ȼ˿ڣסĺϰߣͱõġ

ѵͷ۵ּ⴫һءı棬ĴǻˣֻУΪˣ
һɵĵն׵նףŵš
ıһ£Ѿ𾪳Ұ˶˾ӡ
ڳֱϴһأ˼֮ͷȥ
ǿž񣬾˶ıһδܻعʱ´
ʳΪԸ

Ѿ׼ǿ壬ҲҪ׵Ļʳ︧
֮Уگĵڶգ۵˵ӣ˱ʣϳ𽥿ʼˡ

ĬƬ̣ʴһʼûϴǼ

ѵͷ˿Ҳûʲô˵ˣҲΪ˸һʹ졣
ǡ
λү񳤳ɣ֮ϵĵֹ꼰޹
ݷ˻ֻġһ£ǱиȨаΪɽ𢿼ǡ
ܱйƴ󣬶ԭ΢λүûɡ

ЦһأԹŻλ̤֮Ѫϣѵоû޹֮˵𣿡

ѳĬƬ̣Ȼ֪ǸλӱѪɵġ

֮ſڣʶǳȴҲ֮һ֮ĵ

ҪƲǡ

ˣʲô׵ġ
ֻ˾֣˭֣ƶļƻǰС
Уֻһӡ
ǿ£һ塣

ЦЦҴ̶ԭҾȻСеһƶ˿

Ѽտģ֪ûͬ˵ȥ

࿪֮ãʢ֮ʱƱؾ˥֮ʱ
ۼλ֮ʱò̳λϳǰϢϢЩ꣬һֱȴԷľվ˶ӣոһգҪʼγжʱѾ
ѾĺܾãȻҲᳯΪҪͬ
һݵľ˳µԭĿġ

ϾҰж˻ţۻϽһߵʱݱأ
ϾЩУݱǻ˻ı߸١
룬Ļ˵ǣԱ˳ŵû¶𣿺ò׹˰ȵӣȥ췴⣬ǻλǰ
Ѳ˻λų治ɣ
ɲ֪ٻʵ϶λȥû
Ծ㰢Ȩգôݣű߾۰ٰ¼ɣҲ

صηȥ
˳֮Уѧ̫ࡣ
֮ǰ幫§ã˵Щ꣬ǲԭȴҲ֪Ϊ˽ɽ𢣬Ųò
ûɣҲĬҼţô꣬Ҳһֱల¡
ҺҲ

ģڿҪ߳Σüһ˿³һ
飬Ҫ˴롣
֮ǰܻؼˡ
֮ǰһҪ¡
*
ʱԪڣ°»δǰա

ػ֮ʱ
ǵϿնֽǮζζһ˿ľǾûζ

˼ðֽǮ˼ҵļĺ¡ء
һǹϺүڤٵĴӣǹ˼ҽ̫಻ͬѰ飬˸˻ֲ̿Ͳܺúüһأýеԩ鶼ߣһ徻
رү軹šˣĻɲи˺

ӣ˻ǻǰ棬ȥĸףֵͬܵסһӡ
ֻ˺׼ڸУԪڹ뿪
˶үȰ˵ã˻Ӧء

˼˶֪˻ֻͬ˶ү常ϵȽϺãͬ׵˺үǿǳˡ

˻ڼҳģһա

˵һյĹ˷У˻ڴߵԷ

ҪԼ
˻תͬ˵ʰȥիգԪڹұȥסա

ŲԾӣôԣҪġ
ҵôʣù˻̲סʧЦ
Һʱ̹㣬ĸã
˻õϰ֣ܵܿ

²ߡһһţҪļơ

˻ߵȥŵԴȥҲҪıҲ

ǶҪʱûӦӽ£˵á

˻׼ָһԵʰһЩȰȥԪڹһͬ٣ڲסЩӡ

ӣ㵱ûƭң

˻ЦЦɫãµүҲûнµ˼ȵŶֱð

˿ɫͨ죬ͷ󺹣˻ȴɫ԰ףһ˿ⶼûС

ƭ㣬кء

˻ڵҹһҪ䶨ˡ

򷢰ȥʱסš
¶ҲûŹ˼ˣԴ˸ʼֹ˺ӲģһطߵһЩ˻ƽ￴ᣬ;ʱ֮ŷС

ת۾Ԫڡ
صļųڵĺǴ󣬹˼Ҽ﹩Ź˼ҵڣԺеʿžģ˼˽ڰڷλķмݡ
ҹˣԽ죬ʿŵƻͨ

ҪβʱǼίΡ
д˿ֻʣˣ˺˶ү͹˻

˻˿ڣһҹһ˵һˣ
˺ɫһ䣬Ǻ⣿
˶үվһԣ΢üͷ

˻˭ûᣬֻߵǰ֪ĶĻؿڹϺүλԵĿյ¶һۣͷȻһλ
˻λȡ˳ȴдӹ˻֮λʮ֡

ȫ˸ף˺ɫɷףϣʲô

˻ЦЦĽλϵĻҳɾȻȡڹϣѵʶ𣿡
ʮǰе׶𣿡
Ҳԣز벻üܲüֻڻɽҰ룬Ϊ»Ұ

˺ֻɫɷ׵Ķλ
ûףλôдŵǹ˻֣ѵӦд֮
Щҹ֮ʱῴӰ
˶ûţֻһƼĵ
ڣ׵ǰվŵĹ˻ǻˣˡ

ſڴƴĵϵۣҪȥ

˻ҲûתȥֻЦЦ׻û𣿡

Ѿף⵽һ¡

űͣţƫƫǴ򲻿

廹ǱˣŹϺʹ򲻿ˡ

˶үվſڣ˫ֶѾȴ˿ûö

˻ѾΪסλϹһ㣬תѾ̲סڵϵĹ˺пϵĹ˶ү
˶үŴֻԼԽԽɻȾŵ򣬺һ𣬽õ⣡
˿ڣҪȴ΢ֻһ

ףǷһǲǸûˣ
˶үЦЦ˻ж塣
λֵܣһҵܵܶɳƵһѵܹˡ

˶үɫ֣ӺＷ̧֣㣬ǹ˺ӡ

˻ϴЦЦȴ۵ףһףϸȥһ˿ƶûУɥǴӵͷĶ

Ȼһ
ɫ˵ų£ҪȻôܼ׵ĹְԼȥأ

˺͵ƫͷ˶ү׺ݵ㣡

ˣЩҲںҶ屨𣬵ȵʮ˲ٱҲ١

ܵظڣ

˻ߵ˹˺ߣ¶Ź˺۾һ˫ÿۣ˿Ŀ䣬ëȻ

˺ɫ֣һ仰˵˻ɵʧˣҲ
Щ㵽ʱԼ˵˻
Ҫˡ

˶үͣĹ۲ܣŷ֣ɫשǸһͣٿ˻ȼŵҪף˶үд󾪣ط˺ӣҪʲô룬ǣ
ˣҲڷУֻҪ˻Ҳܲ

˻ֻ⻰ΪȤȻ˵ЦˣҺʱ˵Ҫܣ
˵⻰˳ֽڵϡ
˳ŵϵĸͣһɲ䷿˻𺣡
վڻУۡ
԰׵üۣմӵĶ

ޣڰУڻܡ
еصһС
رۣȴ١

Ѿȴһ̺ܶ꣬Ӧƽ
ֻǺ˵ţ˭Ӧñ˭ôô㶼Ӧñ˭ס






58.  ô   ͵Ӧ

˵˱һ, Ὺʼһ飬Ϊͬ

ȹ̵ɢʧȥƵͬʱ, ȴһֱѵʶԽԽѡ

˻˺ܶ顣
ǰǹ˻
й˻Сӣźһģһ, ǵ۾üë, ͣϣͬһС롣
վڱǰʱԷֱ棬ֵܶ˵˭˭
ǻвһĵطӿνԯޡ
ϲд֣ϲ游, Ҫ游
游ȥ, ϲıǴһ飬Ĵܣ;ľɽĽ, һûܹĥ

˻ϲģֻǰһԣһ鿴Ϊ岻ãʱ, ȺһߣճʱҲһϢãȵĻ

ֵܶˣһһʵ治һֵܶΪĳûбܱȶԷҪ
ÿնһ
ţ˻һš

ֱһա

˻岻ã嶼Ҫҩ
ҩֿţжúȡ
ֹҪҩôڷüգĶҲȥ

˻˵Ҳ֪˻Ȼ֣ܽҩ꣬ȴҲҩҲڷڴϣʲô
˸⣬Ҫ͵͵ԷȥһҩҰˡ
ŵ룬ֵܶˣû˱Լ˽ԷҪԷ׾ٵľƭˡ
٣û̲ס¶֮ǰ˿϶֪

˻ܿͬˣﲻעʱǸϽ˶ԷѣʵʵڴϣŹ˻ϲϲƿţſűߣСͬ𣬡磬һͻ

̲ס룬Ǻø硣
ܿͽݣûзǶѾ˶ԷĹ˻ѾܳȥˣҪﲻ̣ҩôûȣ
ֻöҪҩССڵĺ

ڲ˿СӣԵͷ˲Ծ
ΪĻСϷôùǶ˳أ
Ͼ׵ֲǣ˭˭

һ⺢ӲǺҩҲҺȵģ̵ķ纮ûȬܼ磬Ҫǲ˿ôá
żæŸϽȥңҲڷбﻵˣ˴Ьӣһȥˡ
Ǽ̷Ƽңүһ˫Ӳ⣬ƾ̷ճ˿˫ӡ
Ȼ۰һֶӣЩʱĻӲһҲϾﲻ¶ˣܿ˹˵ĵطȥֵܶʱֵĵطȥҹ˻

ֻطûҼۼŻƻҪȥҹҪ٣׼ʼ¹ҵˡ

ͻȻͿʼڤڤ֮˻ڿĸָ֣˳ǵȥ

Ȼ󿴼һҲûа취Ļ档
ＫĽ§ڻУһԵδס죬

Ҳûа취һ̣Ѿ̽Ѫ֮̽еĻ档

˫ܵܣỊ̇ڵһ
ס۾ںڰĽ
ĸףͬĶ壬һأִ˹ʶ
İˮʱһ޴
ˣĸͬĶʰһУæȥĽŲ
Ѿȫܶһ̣ҲѾˡ

֪ԼλصУ滹һҩĿɬζþδɢȥ
ｫڴϣǺ˱ӣѹſ˵ţסھǰ̣Ҫǰ̣úӣסڿʼǰ̣Ҫúûţܸ̱𡭡
ħһ㣬߲ͣš

һÿһ죬ֻʣ˹˻
Ϊ˻š
вڹ˻ĶŬĳΪ˹˻
һգﶼֱ治ǹ˻Լ
˻Сʼϲ飬ʮһ飬徭֪¼濴
ȥμ˴ǣ˸Ρ

걾ڹ˻ñȥ˻һ

һ̺ܶꡣ

ڣһ

ĸף常ڻﰧޣҪȥ
꣬˻ȻҲˣҲƴؿҪȥ

ģ𽥱ңԶǰûкɫĻ⡣
еһУҪعںڰ֮С 
һģʻ΢ЦĿ
硣

һ̵ʮһꡣ

Ӧǰȥ

ȴ̶֮Уá

ʮһٴط꣬еһж䶨ǣңͬ쳾Ҳϵ

ȴá
̶װ̰

*
ôѣ
ɻ󲻽⣬ѾˣʱԺǿʯҶӣҶˣʯѾء
Ѿʱˡ

ˣ˯¶ûѡ
кŻ΢΢
ֻΪڴϵֻһʬ塣
˲ѣѱ򵨱֡

ҩߵſڣ͡
˵䣬̧۳пȥͰûϡ

ջ֣߹ȥɣʱˣҽջҪ빬
Ϊķɿߵ
Ȳ᲻ͬ˵Щʲô

ҩڴԵİϣ̲סȥӰڴϵ˯գд羱ԵһС衣
̲ס̾ʼֽ˱ϵĺӣҪٲѣſ´Σͻ̲סͷȫ˱ӡ
ɣǿϾҪȥˣ˵ʱȥݣ;羰Ҫǲ񲻿ϧ

Щʱգÿնæʱ̽˻
Ҫȥ£ʹ˻ġ
֮ҾҪˣǸϵüܸ꣬ȥȥ
ͣ˻һյĹ򣬷Űڴϵˣ˵㲻˵Ĭˡ
˵ˣҪͬһȥݡ

ζԻʱ򣬷վһĿɿڴ°ͶҪ

ȥʹ·ϣҪ;
ÿնˡ
ǰʱɣɱӣۣȻͬ˵𣬡ӣ̫ɺˡ
ǰʯʨӣǻͷ
ǰǳջ˺լԺ
˶Դں˳ľͷĻӿ˺㹻ʱ䡣
˹˺͹˶үûб

˼ʮһǰ׮ţ֪
˭˲·ͻ̲ס¿ˮ

ɣɡޡһڣŷӡ

Ѽˣ̲סЦһء
ɫ
˼ҵˡ
ع˻ĽҲˡ
ֻˣδҲ˯̫ЩЩɶ





59. []    Ӯˡ

л̵, ģ

һ͵ճʱǸеļʱ, Ҫ̻ݣʰĲˣʣµı򳤱С

˹֮ԣ̾һ, Ҳ֪סˡ
·;ңԶ»ټҲ֪Ǻ¡

˹ͣƬ, ɫ˻ҽиˡ
˼ҵһѻճʮһ£˺˶ү˲أٵĲΣ㱻ȳҲֻǹӲдĻš
˹̫ҽȫΣ̫ҽĻشҲ, Ųˡ

ѻ, ڳδӰ
ֻм֪ںδ
˹һ

̧ۿ˹ɫ, ֪һֱù
˹һֱҶշҲʯĳˣʮһǰ˻ڹ˺͹˶ү֣֮ʮһڣλҲΪ˸˲صĴۡ
Ӧ, Ѿע
۰񻹻ԲѣҲãֻԶ硣

˹ﲻνˡ
굫ٶ໨Щ˼ϣҲľ档

ЦЦġ

˹ͷѿѹȥ

Ҳ˹˼ͻ䣬˹ܵˣպҶдš㹪ˣ

ǶԲᣬ࣬ʹ͡
̫ᣬʹˣչǻࡣ
֪ʣµʱ䣬ֻҲһ̣˸࣬ѱ㰲ο꿪˴ĸڳˣסЩʱգɢɢġ
⻰˵ģ˶ֻ֪ǰο
̫꣬˼

ڹдϣ뿪ʹʱѾƻʱ

üŻȫʰ׵ҲǮǸ뿪ȹǶҲӵ˼һֽʹȥиʣµľ¡

ѵͷǾͺá
üۼ䶼ɵЦ⡣
ڣҪؼˡ

ƫԺ֦ͷʯǹǻƳγεģʵ˶ѹֻ֦׹˲ժҲء
Ѹ̤Ժţʯ£˻¶֦ͷʯ΢΢

˽ŲվԺŴյĶ
˵һؼ˻ʱĳ
һУңңվ£ƼеǵɫӰ
ľȫȻͬ

һأ˻û͵
һأ˻վǶ㻺

ɣѵɫһأŷӷŵԺͷ͸Ͻ뿪ʯԣƻ裬ʯ֦ͷ

Ѽ˸ʯ񣬷룬ݹһ˻

˻Űʯʯ˿ܣȴҲùʵſʯӶ͸ɢŵ

ζܺţ˼ζ

ѾԹԵ˵뿪飬˵˼ᣬѾװˣ룬ɻʲô©֮ûʰŽջʱ䣬ȡװǡ

ͣƬ̣һСʯӣζ̲סۣժһ𣬿Դȥﶼ

˻ڿ˿ڣǼ㹻ˡ
˯£ڴӻ֮У𽥻ָѡ
ЦЦЩȻ
Զϼ𽥵ȥտʼҡ
ʮһˣͲ֪ҵǹ˻ǹ˺ӡ
ʮһĹ˻һع˺ӡ
оãȻһƬ
ǰĹ˺Ӻ͹˻ԸȫȻͬ
Ժֻ˻˻γ󣬳Ϊˣˡ
˺Ӹγ󣬳Ϊˣ󲻳֡
ع˺ӣȴ֪
ʵ˲⡣
·;С
ĳһʱ㣬ܼǰС
ھ˫ܵǰһ̣öˡ

ͷҪ𣿡

˻۾۾ȼԶһػճһǰе·

ѼŶʮ꣬дѵʱȥ¡
꣬ǰʮˣкͷİʮء

Ƭ֮󣬹˻һЦü滺˵е

ʣ˼ҵ£𣿡

˻ͷţ£ͬ˵ˡ
Ժ󣬷㽫ǰ飬޾ϸͬ˵һ顣
˵ǳջ˹˼ң˺͹˶үȻ£ȴˣֻǳŲͻȥ

ʮһǰѪǵñ

˰Ժͷûϼɢȥ

ڶ峿˳ʱճϰף˽ԳԹһ棬Źһұڣ̡ʱҪȸϣ˲Ŀ

˳ǡ
ɣͻȻյӣǾôȥˣôͬү͹

ĺӸںδ⻰ĲɵӦţ֮£ѾдһͻݣʲôҪ⽻ģ

ɣɵǵӣǻҪӲǻûҵ𣿡ⶼ뿪ˣҲûˣպҲǱ

ӣ⻰ҲֻߴͬԾֵĹ˻ˣɲ̫áԼ˿һʱ䷽һӡ

⻰˻ЦЦ̧ںһöӣѺʵҪҵˣʲôˣ

üʱĿһɣɵӣɣȥͷȡЩڣ߰ɡ
ɣûͷԣϲǻӸûôҪȥȡ
Ҫʣüȴ˽Խ˵Խ࣬һס֣ÿߡ

ֻڣڶĵĶˡ

ѿ̿յĲУһںδӣͷۡȴܵһĿ

ֻʱֹͣ˼ͷ¡
ʮһ꿪ʼƵƵΡ
ﶼͬһ֪£˳ս¡
Ѿ

򴽣Щߣ֪ξ֮˵ǻĵ㲻Цҡ
˻úרעҪЦ˼ûС

ż˵иһֱңӳս
ֻþˣȴҶ
ֻϧⳡΣ˺ö꣬һֱûʲôӡ
ȻҲڳһ꣬ûҵ

ۼƼĺλãһӡ

ⳡΣѾûдǰִţûǰ

һӣ˵ȥ˻˻΢΢üͷ̲ס˴˼װĵǰͬҵ˵ãһȥ

ôãûҵ
Ͱ϶ѵһأȻҽ㲻ܳţһȥԭء

˻һӣ֮Ϲת³ˣЦǿĳΪү͹ǰһ
زÿΪ·ա

ŶһǾͶлӡ

һӣü۶ŵЦָù˻Ӯˡ



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