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ҶԸ˳ԱůΪʵԸڷͶ
û1g廨⡿
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Ҷͷëë겻
һգְǿͿ廨
أҶƾԼģbuŬyaolian,ܳһɽһɽ
Ķָϡ
1.¸
2.гϲ棬ض˵
ݱǩ ʳ  
ؼ֣ǣҶǰ  ǣ  
һ仰飺Ǵɵӡ
⣺ͶֵͶı


1 
ǰȻˣҲ̭ˡ
ǰŹӣҹ˯ǰ۵ڴҽһϡҼ˰ֽŶĥѪˣǰ϶Ҳòȥû֪֪ȵҲˣиƿ
첻ֳôƴû˶֪
ָɣҶĶߣˡ
Ҷоʹô£
ӳһԴո˫ϲ֣һֻˮոµ´衣
ƾȴ˲͹⻬ľӣȱȴӵúúõ񣬹ӵĲɸɾһס˼˼롷ϯ¼Ȼն޵ɾȴȻڸǲסϷƾɵϢ
ŵ̨ʾ196011ա
ҶĻһȷԼûа202x꿴1960꣬ʮûɣ
ʮζʲôƶƶĻ渡Ҷǰ
ִһҶ𣿿ţǰǵ˰˱ӵùȢŮˣ
˵ôʲôã˯ⶼ˻ûѣûʣ
ҶĽԽеϤ
ҶǰȵȡⲻǱС˵
ǱҶһƷóմϵĹ޸ǰƽı磬ƷŮĿ飬ᱻϻܸɵŮžž졣
ҶǰûʶļƷԼӦˡ
Ĳԭ
ҶԴϵİٿһ̲ɱˮʲôס
ԭˤһӣͱԭĶԭˤӲûֻдΪ˯ûиţһμĻᣬԭ»һµĿշ
ִ󣬼ƷͷֵüɹΪԺ˳ЦĶ
ָɣľɩ˵춼ˣ治һ㶯Ѿ뿪ˡ
Ҷ飬ʶ󣬶ӷ
Ҷ˫ðǣֻһΡ
ҶæʳֻǷҲûһʳԭɫı﷢һЩеĶ
һнƱëƱϼǰ˷֡
ҶǮͬʱȻʮǳԴʳͳһﵱȻʳ

Ҷȥ緹
ΪļԭӻδʵͷһвӷʮʳΪɡԭ裬˲û䣬һ顣
Ҷû߽ʳãʳζӭϮҶﲻʹѸٷҺ̶̵һ·ѾƵƵ˼οˮ
ͷۻ˫ȴƮ߸ʴԵθ·θҶδûиܹĶ֧š
ŵĶ÷·ŵθð˺Լһͷţ
Ҷ߽ãú磬ʳøտͱòˣֻʣһ⡣
ܲںƺЩ߽ϵ⣬ǰҶ۷綼˦һ۵ġ
˿ڵƹҫ£˵ġ͵ĻҶֱð⡣סػųܣҺطڳҶͣſˮ
ҶóЦе˵һ⡣
û뵽Աһϵ֣˵ͬ־ԲסҲ⡣
ҶϵЦݶʱ̣һԭȷʵֻʣʳˡ
Ҷľɩص룬Ŀŵ⡰ⰳҪˣͬ־ϣ
ָŴԱȫ¿ɾָˣ֭ȫ˰ɡð׿ˮװӣɾ㣬һ֭Ҫ˷ѡװġ
ԱͷҪҨ⣬һ˿ˮֱ̣߹⡣
ˮǵͻƯŵ׺档Ůһһˮ㣬ӯ뿪ʳá
Ҷ㵵Ŀɿڴٵ־˲Ŀ
Χûһ㷴Ӧɼһܳ¡
Ҷؿһⱻ˴ߣȻһԹ
ԼеԹסˣһ⣬
Ҷ˿ĭǿѹʧ,ĿԱ߰׺ĴͷЦԱ˵Ҷֻͷɡ
Բסͬ־ͷҲûСԱҲƣ̲סʡ⻹УզͳԹˣ
䣬Ҳ֪˭͵ЦһΡʦ㻹֪ǰϱѽ
ԱʱҶǺˣΪοˣͰֻʣıġ
Ҫһ⡢ҪϸİͷܼҵúأеҶȻ鴫ǰͬ־ͷ­ѪȴȢְܼǣ
Ҷ󱻴ԱǿֻںͷĨʣġʳ
Ҷ˺ͷһǣ˫һڣͷɤʲȥϢҶҵԼؿڡΧ˼״Ѹܹ
һŮͬ־һƣĸ
ͬ־Ͷ̥ҲһڳôѽŮͬ־Ȥ˵
Ҷ³ĶȺƲסκҶỨĵŮͬ־˵лͬ־
ÿǸİɣͦġҽк÷÷ʳճɲãֺͷӲӲЩǹܱ
Ѻõؽ˺ͷĳԷҶմˮ˵ͷ
ҶûԹôѵûŵʳҭֻͰ
ܣΧ˴඼źͬĺͷմˮýζͬζĬ룬ʳճɲá仰·ڶߡ
ҶͷսڴûаˣŵԺĸ

ա
ղҶ𴲴ų֤˼Ժ
ԭѾˣҪɹһȻҶէһʱӦƶ
̬áӦǿܿϵˡ
Ҷ˹磬ӪȥģǳԼٷͿԭĻ
ſ˳飬ſںڰ÷۱д⣬ë֣ףһë߷֣ŷ֣ë֡
ҶһԭľȫڵŹչӦĸǿۡ
۷Ϊȼһ۽иǿۣһȽнۣȷ۽ۡ
ǿ۹Ӧ٣ѵùӦ˸ǿۣľ񼤶첻ŶӣųһҶΪֻűӱڶĺ档
ʵ̫ҶӾŵ㿪ʼһֱŵʮ㣬شţҶ÷̫ػεۻҶĶӶòסðˮ
ŶӵԼҲˣ̸ҳҶ˵¶ڣĬ졣һЩеĳʶ
ƷҪƾƱ򣬴ССƱȯȻϰ֡
ȻʱƱҲûʲôãΪܶĶȱӦȱǿۡȱףһû⹩Ӧżȱ̷ۡǡ͸ѰƱȯﻨȥͰװ˷ˡ
һЩϡȱƷйӦſڱضسϲŶӣһųʶȥֻҪ϶ӱ׼ûŶӶ˳˵ԡһ̣ܺΧϼСʱ
һŴײҪ賿ŶӣǿѵһľϸҪ賿ŶӣȻӦ㹻ÿжܶ˼Ҽ²ųԵһΣµũֻβܳζҲܴûԹ⡭
Ҷ
ϰΪ飬Ҷ顣
Ϊʳ鱥ʮ㣬ΪһϸһĶ顣֮ǰҶҲû·ƮζûΪʳô磬ûŹôĶ顣
ʮ㣬ŶӵҶڼ˸ʳƷ̵ֻǰĸŮشӶͳһ002н10ˣƱʦȡƱԥƬ̡
Ȼ002ƱҶһᣬʮֻûӳӵܷ׼10⡣
ʲôû𣿡Ů˫ֲ̧ͷҶһۡ
Ҷʵҡͷû
ߡغһƱٵ˾˵㣬ԾܳԼûҶǿˣбմմϲζ
ܿ죬굶ֵʱ̵ˡ
ֻʦĳȣҵͳõСػӴСһ⡣ϵĹͽ˺иƽ
ҶʱȻ𾴡
ֵҶʳһ棬һĸҶԭ빺棬ʡȥˣֻûϵҲʵ޹Ӧÿÿ޹һ
Ҷʶ10˵⣬ڴѾúܵͣ뿪˹硣
س̵·ϣҶʣµǮ̾һʼҹ顣þԷ⡣

ҶۻصҺֽؿʼ淢档
ûú¯ҶëǮƤ¥µھ̽ú¯ú
û棬ˮҲͷȻҶ˰Ҳûҵǰȥˡ
¼ҼһȱҶҧҧչ¯úǽģչǽģߦȶǽġΪ˳һںõģҶǱ
棬ӽĸȭͷͷһ׷ͷ
ҶϲԸճ¯ʳ
ưڶ𣬿ˮðݣҶ¯ԣһ߿ȡůһ̰ʳ
Ҷõͷȡ˳ûмǣͷȴ˿˿ģĿڸڣеζԽԽ㣬θڴ󿪡
ʵͷڳʳҶͷʢͷʱ㱻ڵˮѬӯ
Ҷڽ緹ŤͷһʱӣѾˣæ˰ü緹
ʱȻʲôóԣõĵζ
ӭͶ¸ֱ䣬ϲ밴ʱ⡣
һ廨⡣
һʷ廨⣬Ȼϵ
Ҷƾճֵ⣬˼۾Դѹ֮ҶûԹһٺõġԶƵ̿ˮ˼֡


2 
ʷҵû֮һڴԭʼɭֵλڴڳ⡣
ٶһ1960ء
ͷúóԵӣҺԣ
о廨һ㡣
Ҷһ˲ض廨⣬ֿ˿Ժƾճֱֵ䣬ʵ
ˣٱĳֱҶҲԽܡҶѸپ廨Ĺޡ
ллǵ⣡
Ҷɨһۣ͡Щ򵥵ĳƷУƽʱû˳Եʱ跹ϣ
廨ⱾԼͣҪͣҶ͡Ȼְÿÿж͵ĹӦҶȥʱѾˡ
ֻΪѵǼûе
ҶֻӲͷƤٴ¥µھ̽赶
ھ̼еֻֽǵòã۵в⣬ҶŵӵڴԺһʯͷĥ˰Сʱ
Ҷ⣬廨ʵ̫ˣҶסſˮ
ѩϸķ۵һ䣬ƤķⲿһʮͰ塣
Ƚ칩ǿ鱻ʦɡƽ𡱵廨⻹ҪҶըܶ͡
¹ûüھ̽ͷµ㰡˭ڳ⣿
ϱϹϴ֡ô󴰸ɶˣа֢ⲻ겻ڵ˭ҳ⣡
øƵġ
Ҷһ΢ЩѾû취̵ˣӶʱܲܳϵڶ⻹˵
Ҷ廨һͣ͡ƬϾơ¹ͬⷭζ
չˮ廨⣬Ҷϴɾⲽܱߣһ˼
һҶֻһͷʣʱǿЩ񡰾ʳֻֿϧҶ絹ǳԣˣȴǶġ
˿ӵһ廨ҶǷũūѸ質
廨ڹúõţˮ๾طڣƵľţˡ
ζشӹҶڴǵģԲίһɶ
ʳó⣬Լʵ廨óԣ
һСʱȥҶҿ˹ǣĽ֭ѾŨ״ðźݡѩ׵ķŴŴĻɫÿӴһ£÷ã̵ŽƵ͡
õĻ棬Ѿ㹻ü˸ԸΪһ׳ꡣ
߶˵ʳص⿷ʽҪʲôϣѾ㹻úζˡ
Ҷһ鳢üã۶壬Ͷڼ
õζζٴﵽֱÿһϸҶõĺжõᡣ
̫ˣллǡ
Ҷһ廨⣬ʣµһŵڶţԡ
һ⣬5g
ֱʱƮ˵Ļֻ5gʵҡ
̫Զֱʶһޣһ롣
䲻ӵԶûһġ
ĺĺ㰡ĻƮ
ԭֱ仹нҶȼϣ
СҲ⡣ҶȭԼһܴչһ⡣
һߣҡ
ûմζⲽȥòݼڼңһӲ˵ζУؼŵ˻Բš
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ʱûûζĴײ˸˲Ƶġ
ζϸŻζ˵
ʲôӣʳøԶŵõïյϱ̫ˣﻳɷ˽ڼ￪¯
Ҳ룬ٶٳʳʳﹻԣ͵ʳ˲㣿
һ˵ֻˣ¸ܣȹܹƱ۳ƤԶ⡣

һߡ
Ҷú¯ʱֽź¥µ̡
Ц¯ӣһǮǻҪ㣬ھӱô⣬ǰҿųġ
ҶҡҡͷԺ˵Ҫ輸¯ӣŰɡ
ӶȡһС⣬С˵Ǹ̵ģһ¯һĳԡ
ҶС˵λ̵ƷġɷӶΪˣأûвͽС˵˺ƶƷķ
̸ҶһǸǰ飬ǰʱͼݽ裬ûȥʡһˡ
ҶŶһְӹ˼ҡ
Ҷ֮չֽû뵽ȻƬ⡣ؿ⣬ãֽס⣬ŵ˴߶
ҹ
Ҷ¯յˮ򵥵ϴ˸û¸ɷ̸顣
ҶƳֻԿöʽ
֮ǰҶܷæǱС˵ֻѪżȻһƽʱС˵ֻС˵һ֣ûȫ꣬Щڡ
жǰͬ־дΪֺŮߣͷдķյ¼δŮ˶Ľ޸
Ůòԭû˻೦ȴžžľ鳶˰뱾顣
ȻⷽȤһдҲûУȻôɬ飿
Ҷ棬ţƤֽƵģҳøֱдԪصĿѧֵͺϵ
Ҷ棬һűëǮصסˡ
Ҷǲռ˱˵ģƶÿ˻ŶףúÿҪƾúƱܹëǮǲģһ˼ǵúƱô
ҶǮ鸴ӵս˿ڴ

峿
һҶͱӵĺŽˣҶʣµİӡ
ʳܿҪˣ緹ҶŻҹ¡
ԼǲܵģԶŶҪšҪƱݵ乤
Ѿںܶ൥λйѧżѧģǳֵǮһרѧ԰Ⱥۡ
ҵԭСѧҵ䵽ĲǴֻۻ
ԭһֻ롢Թڽ˳ȴŸһĻһ¿ȥ֯˺üҲûʵֻһɽա
һɨ¥ŵҶ㶣
ҶЦݣϺá
ô磿ɨʡ
ҶεӣԼĵһ죬ǸԺġ˯°ҹӵ»ɷ޴ȥĴԡ
뵽ҶóŮ֮ǰǰ顣ҶûȤžž
Ҷһȥ֯
˵Ǹãҹץʱ䣬˺ܶ൥λԱˣǰһй굥λʳ
ġʳָƽʱгĹӡĵĲӦְ׿쵽λĴƤһӰ
õĵλӾϸĲϸһİ
ںҶֵһᣬٶٳԺͷּĵ꣬ʲһʱĲƸ
Ҷͷӱټ
̻˻ɨ㣬ĵ˵ȥҹʱǵúͬ־һǰϱ
仰ԭͬҶᣬʹض䡣


3 
졣
ӴԺĸһЩŮԷ϶ɵġʵ֯ʵԭӦǽֵĹֵ첻ԺԺ㿸
Ҷ̵ĻڱԱ˼šyʡtкعӵҶҵɷxxִӵǰ
һ칫ѾŮͬ־ϰˣһڴɨһڿֽһļ
ҶŹŮͬ־˱ֽӳóһݵӣݸҶд
ǻصλµƸдһҳϧĲ־ӶࡣѾʧЧĹƸҶϸһʱԴ͡
ֵ쵹ǺܺõĻصλȱ๤
֯ҲѵõĽ룬Ȼ˼еֵҹļԱ
·ֵ·ά޹ˡúֵú󹤡糧ĵ·һͲʺŮͬ־ְλ
ʣµ͸ʳƷ̵ɹԱݵѧͽӰԺƱԱЩСĹһīĮػ
Ҷʱ׹ΪʲôԭһҲûҵ
鲻ԭ̫裬ѹûкù
Ҷ˵һֻʣ⼸ɨֵ֡ҹĹȻѧߣҲģҹܲڱûĻѰɣ
ĴָֽϵЩйλʣµҪôǴܲҪôϿ
ҶһԺô˲żüãЩרѧҵ֪ʶҲȥϷ⼸Ĺ
Ůͬ־еַһҳֽô๤զһҲûϣúֵĹ𣿻糧ġ·ֶǺúõĹҶͬ־³Կ˼Ҫá
Ҷ˦ϣصġž
Ʒ˲ѼƷƷ
Ҷ۾˵ǰЩҶɲˡҪ쵼Ͷ㡣ΪʲôΪңզҹһ˻ŲϹɷһѪǾԴӣ
ô£һŮͬ־ʡ
ΪѾɩⶥñӣɳе
ûкͬҶ˵ͬ־ɱ˵Ϊˣҹ
ս԰ɣܶ㶼˽⣬֪ڳҹж˾׶ЩдֻҪרѧĵλȥĻᶼûСôܸ㣿
Ҷõһű廨ŵĹֱ˿ÿˮֱ
صλʦԱơۻԱӪʦһۡȫüĹ
ҶŲߣЩȷʵһɫҪѧĹֻСѧѧġҶǲ˫춼˼ҵż
Ҷ˺ܵ¹Ϊסҡ۹ⲻߣܸɵĹȻȥ
ٳٲңǶ֮ǰҴˣɩѧУﵱʦڷùٲҲڵӰԺƱģֵҾҪȥɨ֣
Ҷɷ򡪡
ҵòϲ£ҶȥٱóԼѹ׵·
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ݸҶһֽ
Ҷ濴ѧУƸƸСѧʦ߾ĸλ繤ܹеʦʦ
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Щ˵Ϣȷʵڰ칫ҵͨǵλֱȥѧУҪҵȻûżǡûнꡢǸ
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ԭҲǰױҶɲԭǶʮһʽӵԶ뱧ĸ߸˲ţϵ˱СѧʦƸ
Ҷ뿪˰칫ҡ
ֱ䵯ĻǸʱҹ治ס
ҿеҪ

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нֱһ֮ϲˣҶ佱Ͻܻ˼ҡ
ذϣƳγΣϸߣʵؾȣйʵζ
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Ҷߣ칫ֵذԭͬ־ǰͬ־İˡ
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һʵͬ־طˣʲô˼ҺôӳĸսѣЩĹŪˣ
һϺӦĹӡ
ŪˣⲻǾľһСѧʦĹһʮʳʮ鹤ʣõĴ
û˵Ǹרܸûʲô㻹ǸϽúʵҶĹɣǰֵǱ߲ǻȱ칫Ա𣬻й԰ƱԱ֯ŮЩԽܸ
Ǳֻྐྵ

Ҷʵ˹⡢ֵõһ潱˵òˡһＦ棬²س˾Ժ
ҶҪˣϸȻóȴԣپͳԹˡԹʹʹˣԺˡ
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ʱһŮӭŮʮ꣬һ˿شɽװΧһΧװ翴в׼˼ңʵ渣ãע
Ҷ֮ǰ裬Ƥ񣬵Ӵ󣬸Ф봫˵еĺƾݣںץ˾Ͷ󷢡
ҶشŮͬ־߲װ¶˱ľϸؿһۡ
ڶֲغ
γŮǰʱŮץסҶԱ߲۵Сӡ
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ҶͷֻһǮƱҾ㡣
Ů˵Բ۾飬Ǯ𣿡
Ϊ˸ĺӳԺõ㣬һЩӪĴϸƽʱɲó߼ʳ
е۹ŮΪҶıޱȡҪǮˣҪƱ
ȻϸгйӦǮҲ򲻵Ҷıۻ
Ϊʳ½ϸϹأʳļ۸ӦؾӸ߲£ֵصʱʳ۸ʮ򲻵
һʳܹȻһָľʱڡ
Ҷͳ˹Ů˿һҵǼ棬üӪḻǿڸкζܺáУҲҲǱ˾Ϳңгۡ㲻ҪԼҲɡ
ӪḻǿֱֱشеŮ˵ģ·³Ҷļ棬ûбʡԼ۱ȸߵľϸˡŮѾðƵľ⡣
Ҷ˵תҪߡ
ߣȵȡŮ׷ȥƴסҶ򻹲𣿡
ѸͳǮһƱҶһҶıƵġ
Сչ˰װֽ鼦棬ʵؾͣɢһ㣬ǳʣһĹڹ棬һذѹ뿪ˡ
̼ϾǮˣ
û10g廨⣬ԭǺнףʡ
ֱĵĻϲӭ
10ɻԼ10g⣬ҵ裬һҪҵĽࡣ
ҶЦЦдͣһջȻСͳ˳Կˣܹ֤һ
ҶƱȥвһ棬ɡ
ֱˣǴҪʳԴ֮һɿһƱȡ
ľҶһģĹʽһƱܻһﾫϸɣΪϸѵãһһҹĶҲ򵽸ǿۡ
ͺ֮⣬ҶëǮһֻ¯ӡһֻչúúƱںģëǮ
ЩҶԺҲҪ鷳ȥ˼ҵĴˡ
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Сˤ˸ſҶһ񣬴ƮĽŲȿҲˤһӣ˴̨ˤ
˵ʱʱ졣̵֦Ӱӷɱ
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˵ҵĽŤ಻Լǿߵġ
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ӰҶ̾˧ĳޣȻȫϽ˹ҡ
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šüͷ¶ֵı顣
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Ҷûʱ֣˵˷š


4 
Ҷͺɣʣµĺ˶ٺõġ
ƸԵ죬˾ȥһѧУԡпҶʣõĻᣬղסԺҪԹȥɨ֡
ΪڵĹǰ䡢ƼģҶѧߡҲûкõƼ
ҶԼĽŽԵʦʦ˿
Ҷ߽;һ£ľ߻治٣һ߸ˡҶſǰ;Ǻ˼䡣
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ˣɾ£ĸУǶʮһʽĸ˲!
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ʮרëǣÿܿϣƫԶسһûСǱѧϰרҵˮƻеҽҵֱӽصλᷢչĹ׾޴
ֱָ߿ҿʼӴѧӸ˲ŵרŽû䡣
Ҷǰ̳ܿ˸̾ǰר˶ʿֵǮӴһͦ󣬵ϸһѻᷢרĵ˶ʿ
ûȣר鲻ҪǮйҵĸ油˶ʿҵҪ࿼Ա˼ұҵֱȥλλҪˡ
ܡרѧʹĵרܰҶ·ȫ
Ҷֱӭ˼µĳĬ



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СѧĿֻһݣġѧĿܼ򵥣Ҷ̬ȻǰСʱдԾ߻ڻһС
Ͻ̨󿴵࿼ϻмʣԾӡšѧʦƸĿ֡ԭҪƸСѧʦ֮⣬һѧʦƸƸڸڽҡ
СѧҲѧĸСѧ
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ʱ֪Իãϣ
Ҷ뿪󣬿ʼĥĹ׼

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5 
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ûҶϵǼ˹Ȼר
ҶȻ׼ǲһʧһеʦѧĽʦƸʱ
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÷÷һн̳ѧ˳·ȥһСѧʦƸҶ
÷÷Ѹһ¼ȡСѧʦרȫƸ¼ˣʣµȥ˶С
οҶиھƳϰ࣬ȱŮ㲻ȥ㿪š
Ҷﻹ޵˼Ϊ˲䵽̰ɨ֡ɨޣѾ߲ˡ
һϲôлл㣬ͬ־
Һͬ־ˣһΪ쵼ڽҡҺ÷÷ͺã˵ӦýɩӣͲ󣬲˼ռˡ
÷÷ѾʮˣҶʮ꣬˸ͬһˡ
ϻƹˢװ۵Ҷڰ֣ʾ⡰û£аɡ
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СѧĻźۼüȻ˵ĻûɶäɲС
Ĳɵذ뵽˰칫ңӳҳһֽܳ˼ɨäĿ
ֱҶֻһ۱дܳ⣬ǰһҪЩȫˣ׼׼ϰࡣ
ͷİɣ֤ȫԣһⶼ¼ҡҶˬ˵
ô򵥵СѧӼⶼдҶɴȥʸлˡ
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ʱȴ󷽵˸жҵܵõһＦ桢ʮ︻ǿۡ

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Ҳ֪˵λˣֻСѧƾƾʲôܶõĹѵΪɷְλߣߺţڶˣɲһףǶɩƽ˶ƾʵҹġ
һŮͬ¸˵ҶһСѧĻˣ˰칫һ۾СѧʦְλǸֱѧУ˼ҶƸרġ
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˼빤һʵĹ
վ쵼һģ

еһѧʦ칫ҡ
ȫеѧһǸõѧУȻ˵һÿʮʳʮ鹤ʣһдʳڷ±ỹÿȻвƱõֱƹصרʦĴ
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ҶֵĳɼһѲ㵰ľԵһ˿һ㣬Ҳڻֽۡ
¼ǲ¼һ⡣
ԥ֮ѧУٳûй¼󣬺ʦȻҶҪȥƳϰˡһ²ˣֱͱѡϸŸѡѡĲϧҪˣЩʦżۡ
Ƴʲôõģһ쵹յƳӡ
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Įĵشҵ̧ͷеġ
Уõ˿϶Ĵ𸴣˼üѵ˾ôϾҶɡ


6 
峿ҶŲӵĺŽ˴֮ŷѾˡ
Ժÿһ˼Ҷ˴ɨ̫ˣǱűӵԺɹɵϱ˹ҪԵˣõĴײԼҲ԰ֵģʵļ˫ڴԺѳֱأվ
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ҵѧȻֻͣǱˡ˽ңƾʲôңȥǸȻʤɲصҡܲ˸ľǸã԰ܸѡ
˵¶׵ݣллҵĹģҵĹʱˡ
ҶǻԲ֮촩Ÿɾ룬ֱֱͦģ˵Żʱرʡԣǹϱʡǹ˵֣ίȴ˾ܴȡŷʡ
Ҷ˵еĲһ
Ҷ˵Ļ˾ɩеʲôζ
Цʱض˳һ̸ճˮĽӣֵΣǳԣ˵
ҶôҲҪ磬ȵľ仰ӣԼֻˮȡɩǰĽʵڣͷֳ㲻С
ʳ¯ˮƤˮ˱ǣҧһ֭
ܲľķҷŨסҶζ٣ҶûھͰԼݵĽӳԹˣ̧ͷһˣֻҶСŽӣҧһ㣬ţ·žƷһ㡣
Ƿ׽ŵܵı飬Ҷ۾ֱˣֱ͸˽˲ιƵģ档Ҷֻܹ⿴ű˳Խˡ
ҶһϷԵı飬øοֱЦ˼Լһֻ֡԰ɡ
ҶƤʱ÷죬æˮҪȥ˼סԼ룬԰ɣҡ
Ե㣬ֵźãǰСӡ
˵ˮȳװĵҶĶӹһУܵ˲ӵůΪѵذѽӼѧűСسˮȡ
ݷؾ׽ϣˮÿһ˿˱̫óˣҶ´ܹ廨⣬һһˮȲС
ҽϳ˰СʱҲˮȳԵøɸɾˡ
뷢Ҷʱ⴫һС̽ͷʡ˭Ҷͬ־һеʦհ˽ڵĽʦӪˣȥһ졣⣬Ǹʦ֪ͨҶͬ־ȥѧУһˡ
仰䣬˵ĿⶼҶϣȵĿ·˵ͬһô£
ҶԼҲ±ĥŰ˵ǰ췢ѧʦû֣Ӧѡˣʲô¼
ȻҶȴ¶Ȼصװ΢ЦСͷãȥˡ
֪ͨһ٣СҲףӪ˻ôá
ҶԴ˵ԲסҪ뿪һˣллνдʹҵĹġҵĹʵˡ
βŲ׼ĵ˵ҶЦ뿪ӡ
Ҷ֮ӵ˺ͣƬ̣Ĭһ֮Ȼú֣Ҷһһͷˮ
нʦӪѡˣ
ҸոûС˵һУһС


7 
ҶȥһеġӪһصʳɻ̶춹ɵİ˱࣬һǡ
ҪǸںǺò֡꣬һһݹصеһѧĸ治ѹרüԴ
ϣҶһ˱࣬һ¥¹Ѿӵ̣ʣµȫԼسԹˡ
գҶ࣬صһб
ӴҶǵʱļ࿼ٺʦʦҶ˰칫ҡ
Ҷ߽˰칫ң칫˶ʮſصſαѧҵȻϢգ԰칫ڹʦ
ʦһ۾ļҳʡͬ־ú𣿡
ҶòʺƨѧУһ٣úȣģŴ漰ʱ˵ʵѧУ˲ҶʲôζˡǴŵҲҲڶң
ʦЦЦ˵ʱһʦ߹Ժʦʹ˸
ʦһ˵ͬ־ȹϲ㱻ѧУ¼ˡ
ţ¶Ϊѵı顰ѧԷڣΪ˹ƽѧУ˸ԣھдһдɡ
Ǹʦ˵дɣ͵߸
ѧһبԽĺ蹵˼һѧҸҪն
ʦӪˣҶҲԽˣѧУǹΪ
Ҷû˵ʲôͷõһԾٵһĿ˳ֽ˸ֱд˾ӡ
ԲͬǣʱҶʮ߶š칫ʦҲֵؿҶд⡣
ֻͲĹرסһһȥʵ
ʦһۣ·˵ɣ˼дó
дҶѾӽ㣬ʡʱԳ
ɨԾս˵ھͿԡ
ͷԸʦϺΣͬ־ȥ
ְ󣬺ʦµһ׽̲ĽҶ쿪ʼʦͿԵѧУϿΣ㸺̳꼶ĿѧΡ
Ҷͷѿα˵лѧУĻᣬһŬģ
ʦЦЦĬĬ˵Ըˡϣнʦʧ

Ҷ뿪ѧУͼݰ֤ͼ˲٣ഩҡɫĹװһȥ·ǹ˵ĺ
ʮֻƶ񤣬ҲһַʽҶøԼ㾫ʳǲǲ
Ҷ赽ȥϾվһȦԵĵġߡ
ʮˮƽܵͣҴᳫԼƷʹãʱƷվþͷǳͻˣҪվõķƷ粣ͭƤࡢϾɱ
ҶԵıǡͭ˺ܾõķƷڼƵ÷顢ģĵǮǡ
ͬ־ѽɶڷϾվͬ־ʡ
ҶϾվ˹߶ֲƾɵĵش뿴ʲô졣
ҶһͳСزȥ˻ҳѰ˳֮ذѡŽ˱
Ͼվͬ־Ҷڿһɵӣгϧ
Ҷһ˾Ժ
·ϣʶĸΣҴҴ˸к˼¥
οҶҴ뿪ıӰظԵ˵ûոǸǰҵģȥһ˻һžǸϽġ˵ѧʦǲˡ
ϴѡҶһڽ˹⣬ѧʦϢʹԺ
ߵϽã޵˵Ǹѧʦܸɣܱǰǿǰõġ

칫ҡ
㣬ϰʱ°࣬ıŵſڵ°ࡣ𵥳˿ɲ࣬һ벻ļͥԲһĹʲܵһ
ƫƫȴһŮɣͶӵһǵе
ȻڴԺܳŮӼ˵׻ⲻһۣһڵߵʱס
쵼Ů
ıи߰ȣȳһ껪ϵõͣܶ˼ҶŮȡζ
߰Ȱص˼ңӰͳһĽػ˻Σ󷽵͸ллҽ˹
ָߵˮڹѾܺˣĺܶ·ѩˣҪҵܳԵˮѡ
˸ӣ޵𡣡
ȱһҵĹȻһתֻϧȥһû¼ϣȥС
㱻ǺסˣôܣҶ¼ˣרҵ
˼Ҫߣ˵ǸѧУдѧѧʦֻ¼һרüȵȣҶ˭һй¼ȡûˡ
ܰɣôûˣ쵽˼ѧУĽʦ
˵ҶǴԺһɩСѧĻֻҺùءҾƼһСĹ
򵥵ؽҶٲȻѾ˷޷޲ƽŭ⡣
߰ԽԽѾ˷ŭᣬԹسƢôԸһ˽ܹߺţף
һиȣȻÿ쵽Ĺʡʳһ࣬һлֽᷢʦڱȱ˶һӻһ±Ԫһס˶Ǯ
Ŀ࣬û뵽ԼıȻѡˣ
ԭûж룬ֻΪҶ˹ʺ˱¼˽ȥ
ѹҶôԼһᱻ¼ȡҶһСѧҵĵĵ
ȻҪҶǿüһȴˢ˱ҪҶ
ò˵˿ҲˡıļǴԺķȥһʣߺŵ֯һΪ
߰Ⱥŷŭͷ

һߡ
ҶصҺ󣬷ͼݽ顣
һֱ㲻ֱ䶨ġͶָʲôҶԿ϶ǣԼʶеġͶ
Ҷϣ˹˵ͶͶ˱
Ͷڡ˼˹ѡﱻ壬ͶָһߣͶ󣬴ʲƸ;ƸĿĵĻ1
ʱۡﶨͶഴʻͶĻ
ʲƸ;ƸҶ˼ʱȷʵûдʲƸ˵ʵͶΨһõĽҲ˵ķȡ˷˿˾Ƹ
ҵ˾ķҶȻġҪ쾫Ƹʦɾ̫㲻ˡ
ҶȻ˷ܵشԾԾԡ
һͣһС
ҶԼıŸɾѧУ칫ҺҶһڿεʱʶͬ¡
ѧһ꼶߸ĿÿĿ2~4ʦ
ȫУʮλʦУ͸У⣬ʦٲȻȫУĺڲΣר£ģ
ʦȻ࣬ٲȻзҶ
һֻʦǸձҵרһݰװ׵շһеɫŮȫȥ˿ѧŸơ
ҶĥһζѧУεġ
¿ķʦһڵĿѧλص칫ңֽŷɫ׵øǽƵģʦоΣʦŬά򶨵˵á;ˣ˼ۿα
ʦЦЦһϿζҶһĿΣ1࡭תͷҶ
ֻҶشӰͳһͭͭߡ̵塢һѺǹ
ʦʡӴɶ
ʦĿ׷Ҷϣ㿴һۣǶѶס˼롣
Ҷ˵ȥϿˣ¿˵˵
ʦ΢ŵ̾һͷһ˿һα¼ȡʦǵˮѧԺıҵһͬѧѡˡ
ǵģ֪ҶѧԴ֪֮ʵǳһϡ
ֲ֪ƽӦ޷˵غͲƽ
Ҷ֮һŮ߽˰칫ңı߰ȡ
κһͬģи߰ȵרʦٲȻǸѧֹġԸ𿼺˵ĺʦѡΪʲôѡΪܵ˲ĴʱĿ
רʦ˵ȻѧУĺӲһģѧУһ򽲾ƽǾһ㲻ƽѹȳѧϡ
ԴǼң֮ƣѧУ׼ʦŲæȡ˵Ǹʦ
߰ȷԾʺ32֡߾һ졣
߰Ⱦ֪ԾĿúѣõҲϡ棬ֻǴ˿ʦžӣ߰ȲЩ̡
һ˷ۺԾһ38һ36ֵ֣ȥˡֻһķѽɵس˿Ҷһײ⣡
ʱתΪοȫûע⵽ʦ۾Ƭһŵļ
߰ʡҶľأ
߰ȹȻõҶľӣϴ100֣𾪵òţܡ
˵ҶСѧҵġôܿóôߵķ߰ҧйˣһ
߰Ҷʡʦͷ˵ܣҲ˵ʦѾȥϿˣҲµĵطͬ־ѧУҲһɳӣ¼ȡƽġ
תǸרʦ˵ҲˣѧʣѧУӦ¼ȡҶͬ־𣿡
Ҫר̫ûϢűӡƸ¼ȡҶ
һžӳˮƽ׾ܿѧĹסοԾרʦдһõ֡רʦʱ˵ˡҲڴɻ
λߺšͬ־бأǰ͸⡣
ۺ￴Ÿ߰ȿģ¶ֵ֧ı飬ͬվͳһսߡϯͬ־˵ˣ
һԿõʦ̲ס˵ˣϺΣȥһҶĿξ֪ˡ
ʦɴ۷޷޵صʦһۣʲôѣ
׼УסȥҶĿξˣɣǼҶǻõѧˡ
˵ʦĿһȤ
ʦһĲͬ˵ҪѹסʺϵѧУʦ
ʦ룬ҲԣҶԼסѹȥԺôѧУȥȥ˳1ࡣ
ʱҶѾվ˽̨ϣɨһĄ̇£һȺ󲻴ĺӡһ۵ġഺԼиѧǻ飬¶֪֪ʶ˺Ϳ
Ҷ˵ҺãҽҶԺǵĿѧʦˡ
ŷ۱ڽ̨дˡѧ֣٩٩̸ʲôǿѧأ
ӢƴscienceʮǰΰĸǶǿҵ֣̽ƺΪǰĹűߵڻˣһһİ꣬Ϊ̤̽Զ̵·ԶѧƼǿΪҪ򡭡
Ҷؿ˸⡣
죬ѧϰѧΪұ٣ҲΪ˱ѧص죬ʦԼĽǶȣ˵ʲôǿѧ
ҶͳıǣͱƵʰͬѧϲʲôᵽģ͵֡
һеѧʦӴϿһҲϿΣǵһ˿档
һк˷ܵؾ֡ңϲҰְִյ㲥̨ţ˺öĸ衣
Ҷʡϲʲô裿
СǶʱߴߴطǡ質й
Ҷͳؽǵ·塢Ǽ̵ǿءȦ
һʦҪǱһħϲ
Ҷ˰Сʱһһװ纸ǹǰضѧǱ۾ʼӵ·塣
Ĭʱӣһ̵̿ʱ佥šҶѵ·ϣôȦ
ڣںǺ桢ȵĿ£Ҷ¿أ̵ĵϾɵﴫ
ǺӭƮʤôһк˳
̣Ҷһ̨ݡձ113ű뼰ʱ²ȼsʡѾõ⡭
ҶŲŲֻص˸ղУ̨µѧѾֵÿҪѣιȥˡ
𾪵µʦһ̨
ÿѧŪ𣿡
һȽѧž˵Ұְ˵һ̨Ҫ85ǮµĹʣʦѽ
質װӽٸǿƮ׸֡
˿ͬѧǵ
ҶЦеص֣Ž̨ѧشǡԵģʦÿѧϲ̵Ҫѽһٿ飬ʦֻǮĳɱ
ǡѧ
ĸ˵ŨŨİ꣬͸Ͼɵģ·𳪳صÿӵ·˻𻨣ݵؿǵʦ
һ̣ª·ɵġԵʦ·һƵġһСѧĻ֣ǵͷյǻѪڡһ˫˫۾쳣
ʪĿ⣬Ľؿǵʦ
ǡװƵҶĬĬ롣
̨߽ڸţԴ̣ıѧˣ1000g廨⡣
Ҷչһ壬á
Ͷ㣬ˡ
棬߰ԼʦŽ̨ǼܡĬþò
ʦ˵мʦͽװѽͬ־Լʦ𣿡


8 
ǸˮѧԺŮʦʦĻ̵ˣģһϲµĹؿڡ
˵ѧУҲлװʦֻǲһٰ̨װӣûʲô˲ĥ͸ԭб¡
ǵģҶʹֻǺŪ˵С˵Ҷ߼һ̨õѧУӡ
Ļܿͱһҵľסˡ
Ҷյźšյ̨źţϿһߵ֮ﴫʱõһȱƵߵ㡣ͬѧʹعƣ޲ðԼ˫á
ҶԼôҪԵĽװ˵ոβͣʼղǸʦ
Ҷǡ벻֪ôģ
ͬ˵룡
ƵУҶ۱ʻ׵·ͼ·ͼ漰Ļһгԭͼʽдһºڰ塣
Ҷ򵥵ؽڰϵ󣬶ͬѧ˵
ȫԭ硢·ѧݣų͵Ųǽ󽫻רСѧѧϰ֪ʶûйϵڿʼŬѧϰյ֪ʶԽԽ࣬ͳͳС˼
˵Ҷ̨쳣ҵĿ⣬ֳɳչͷһ׬廨أ
Ҫѽ
Ļһת˵ѧͬѧԼ⣬ʦμ䶼пգܻӭ⡣ʦȻܱ֤ÿ˶ܿרѧܰǳбҵǰÿ˶һ̨Լ
Ҷ˵֮󶼱ԼжˣԼĿμʱ䶼ĸԸˣ˽ס춯صĺʦ
׬ŶǣҶ
ϲóһһذѺڰȫܳ۵ıܳĲǹʽ롣
Դޡ˲żΪȱ½ʦݬ룬ܶʦжû̸У˵ѧˣƽʱ巣ѧˡʦԼ
һֱڽĺʦ˿ΣɵظжˣʦˮƽãҲڿ졣
ź泭ʼǵıӰοòסͷĵؿѼӲʦһ仰Ҳû˵˫ָڱֱˡ
ʦľٶŮɫৡذˡǸ߰ȣ۵ʦҲû⣬һ̵գõϢһ㶼ɿ
߰ȺϸʦǸͳѧУ
¿κۺҸ߰ȣߵ˵ȣǺȥУɣ
߰ĿҶдڰĹʽҶ׻мֱµģ״ȥУͷǵױʦ̫߰ȵľܾҲ˵ֵζ
˰ɣˡѾеʦǶǸͬһУԺ̧ͷͷֿ϶ѿ˵߰Ҳ뿪ѧУ
ۺǸͬĿѧʦӡ˼㡣

ѧ󣬰칫ҡ
ʱ䣬ʦѾȥԷˡҶİ칫ȴ˼ӣһһظǽһһˣɸСβƵģһֱڰ칫߲ߣϵͼŵסҶ
һۣˣ廨ĹߴԼˡԴʳߣҶĵġ
ǽʾ֭⣬ڱʦҲܿЦҶǿȤɵ⣬ĴûᣡҶκһѧ
Ҷޱϵ̬ȣһһػ·ֱԼ뿪˰칫ң
칫ҵʦˣɵص٩Ҷʦͦҵġ
ҶЦЦĿһڣҶʰ׼ؼս
廨⣬һôõĶ
ؼҵ·ϣҶ·ԺǸɹͣڵ£ɹ˼Ѿ𽥷ɣˮ֮Ƿ
Ҷһβÿű˼Ҹ̿ˮˣصȡɾװ廨⡣
Ҷֱϵͳ˸ȵȣܹⰡ⡢ţ⡢⡢Ѽ⡢⡭ζ
ԺܳԵõʳҶԽԽ˵Ȼһ廨⡣廨һغãʷӳ̫ӨӨط⡣
Ҷò⣬ϴĵгɿ״ú˽ǡޢĥɵ⣬廨⡣
Ҷ˵غŸ廨ٽڵλãÿ춼ɹͨ͸
ҶҴŵذڳɹԺ⣬ġˡôأͲ壬ɴ಻ˡ
ҶŨŨĽζӶǹĻ档
úõ⣬ⲿˮⲿн¯һͻεӲͷ
ҶʿˮԼһ棬˯˸

ĩԺ
ҶϿΣ÷÷ҶһȥҰˣ㣬һ¿÷÷ΪҶԹʳȴûʺпܻᱻĵ
Ҷ̫ȤǼһ˶͵һҶֻøһȥˡ
һŹͷŮסҶ֣ˣ˼֪ǶˣƤֻȥͶͶ
ĩʱ򣬴Ҷ֪Ҷһı˸ʦְλԸҶ֦Ĵ໹ũľɩӦģҲ
ԽٽʳԽ׽⣬ܵöŹԺѡܶ˶׷װĿͶҰҰˡ㣬ͼɩҲ⡣
Ҷ֮£ŷָθҰӳԵΪж
ôѣҶΪԼƤηһֻˮȶ
ɩǳ裬е˽ĺӱߡŮ˵ϵĿݲݣҪһֲױֵҰˡ
һḻľɩҶ˵óͷȥ۶ĸ۶Ͷúģ˺ζûũ֪
Ǵĵ㹤Ҳܼªһӣǲġ
ԺҲԽԣġ
ЩСʲ׼Ϣľɩĩᵽ￴ӰϷ硢Ҳпܵ㡭
ƩƩ߰ȣԼǸԺɹġϱ
Ҷ׼ҰˣۼطǾںӱߵ㣬û磬ͰѾջˡ
ũɩǶʱˣƽʱɷְλ࣬˭Ҳ˭ǲһأĩ͵͵Ұ˸ȥ϶û⡣
ЩŮװûڲˣȴذ۶ҲкƤǰҰ˵ġ
￴ЩҰˣ˵ζ壬ҲԣԼɡ
֪Ҷ˱Со֮ǰǲ˳ۣڼֱۡ
ҶȺɩҲϲһ仰ûԱǸһֱ˵ũɩԵøΡ
Ǿɩ˵ǲ̫ˣɣȥҰˡ
߰Ҳ̫ϲҶҶռ˱һŵ͡ĸҲûУἫˡ˸к˵
ʦ̫ˣ߶һģô㡣ҪҪǽһ
ǵǸСͲζȵĶԸҲԣлǵĺˡ
һ͡һǸζҪ̫Ũɩ죬ŵ׼һطҰˡ
Ҷѱܾ۶Ҫ˻Լ͡
ģ˭˭߹ѽҶһڵ㣬֪Ҳȱ
ҶȻԼһֱûһһֱ䣬Ȼ΢Ц;Ÿ߰ȵĵ
ҶԼ˵ллͿɺˣһҲ
ҶͰ㣬ССĽԼջҲ㲻ˡϾ˵
ҶеذȥһͶ˶÷÷ȵҶ͡죬㣡
ô͵һ㣬Ҷĺ˲ɲĿǶ˿һˣֻ㡣
Ҷժһеһȥ
һӹһɩ˵ˣҶ
ڴҵעĿ£Ҷֵһ㣬аأˡ
Ҷ㿴ǲˣ

֡ˣ
ɩǺ˻ߣɳơҶ㣬ûʺϵһ㣬ܡ
÷÷ǶѾˣĽʺ޵ĿⶢҶͺûӵ㶼Ҷĸ͹Ƶġ
ҶһСʱͰװʮ㡣гһŵ㣬ͰҲȻ࣬ͷСҲʮ
Ҷڴ𾪵ĿУĴָСȫ˺ȻˮͰһݸԼ˵ЩҰͷ˰ɡ
ɩ𾪡桢ĽĲʺƨˮһк佱ĻŶ̲ס졣
ҶĵŪԼͣ˵ͺáһ;ܲ


9 
Ҷ仰߰ɫһ䣬˱ӡ
ҶͣһһͣϹ̶̵һСʱͰװʮÿһʮףĸҲ޷ĵص㣬ǻȻӣ˱ˡ
ҶѲ糤㵹˺ɹһֻ̫ǵҲĴָһϱպͣ˵ǻȥɣ쿴ˡ
ҶҲպͣһɩѾ۶ųսƷض飬ϵЦֿ
Ҷһʮ㣬ͷֻصԺҳճյͰĿȣĿܻʵܰˮͰ
˺ܾûгζˣһĴָͷ꣬ʲôζˡ
Ҷôѡһߵʱ򣬺öʿˮƶӽеĹŸֿͷͷľɩ˵ôУզ˵ҲǰžսʿܰĶô
ɩţ仨仨ǳмҶǰ̧ˬػؼһѸɻҶ
ɩҶ㣬ҲؼһЩ͸Ҷ붬ǰԼɹͷĢľźƶԼɵǧЬ棬еؽŹԵײˣڵ۶Ҳһ𡭡
Ҷû뵽ô飬ĸɻӶˣЩǸö
ȱ߲ˣҶûûζ˺þãȱάȱúˣǶ𼸸ݡ
ʶȱҶʱ֧ԮøˣЩȻۣҪһչҲ鷳ġǰҶʲôҲû׼ҶӵֵֻйͺͺһӣɶɶҪá
ҶһսƷص˼
ʹ͵Ķ۶硢ĢźôḻʣҶĵԥˣһʱ벻Լõĵʲô
Ҹķհ
Ҫÿ춼ַգǸöҸ
ʵҶ̫ܽ۶˵ζǰɩְĻ棬ؽ۶
֮䣬Ҷ뵽˽ҹбصȡ۶㣬۶õˮͷϴϴ
մ۶ˮĳˢ£¶һڽڵɫĸ롣пϷƣ¹ըŶ˼ʡըһ
Ҷ˼͵Сؼ˼нըһᣬ飬ˮûΡ͡ϾƣĢźͳͳȥ
ǰҶЩ۶΢΢һʱζ۶̱ǵζһγһ㡣
ҶûѾ÷һˮ۶̱ǵζкͳĵ㣬ⴼۻ㡣
˭۶ôϲˣֱΪ棡һ⻬˶ӣҶеԼ·ص˺
Ҷֽذˮɿڵ۶ԣҶԵͣԵӹĹĵس
Ҷ˸ãۣӱķҲǵҸ

ҡ
ϴεĺⱩûȥïŵһɸΪǿҵĵڱǼ⣬֮ȥ
ȫԺ˶ĽïȢһϱܸɣǿԸҲǿӲܿס¡ϱҼãС˫ĸĽӼãȻܸƵƵ⣬ÿһָ䲻µġ
һǮܸɵϱûۣïջԺеģöۺ졢Ľ
Ȼ˽ӹΣֻ˵ˮů֪ˡ
ʱïϱûŵһζ
üݡ۶ζܲ
ɷԵģס³ƻʳ𣿾Ȼ۶ô˵ĶֶӸԣδػ
Щũɩһ۶͸û࿴һۡ
ï˵ˣչǰϱôˣǰڲӣһͦѵġһҲøŮͬ־ߵ̫
ïտϱһĲԸ֪ûġϱгеëߡ
ɷı齥˵ѽͦõģҵδأ㻹ǵҶۼҵǴӸɨƵģʲôóԵĶˡ
ҵֵܣǰ˶սְǸˣƫƫȢ
˵һͨӣ֮Ժٸˣ
ïջһδӻվѡҶӹ龰ʱϱƿԣӲ˵Ҳܲա
ǰԸģ˵һҪȥ졣ƱҶԺǿҲɣǰҲܻˡ
Ʊһ⣬˷βƵģïճ
УԼԵģǹɶ
ѹϴҶǼҵ⿴͵ˣҪǼҵأ
ïռֵɩӸմũ˵ũ˺ܶˣ˲ٿࡣէģǸʳҲӦõġǰҲûٳԹǰʳզϱܳǵĶ˶ƽʲô
ǰǰ˸ĵϱԼɷۿɼҪȥɩӷƶִʯͷ
뵽ԺҪ̰С˵ɩӵ沴ֱҪԭը

һҶӵѧУ
ɵĻûʦܻ֮УҶѾ˰칫ҵš
Ҷ칫Һҵ˷ѧҵÿڱдһ
ݹҶ˾޴顣
ҶҵŤŤӣ̧ͷԱߵʦڿҶʡôˣ
ʦ˵ûû£ʦæġ
ȫУѧҵʦҲһֶһҶҵдֻͨһġ֣ʾʦѾ
ȻʦǲǲڷܣʱԼĲѧҵϿλܺŪŪѧҵ¶ˣö֮ܶʦԸšͷҲԸѧҵ
ֽʦˮƽݬ󣬺ܶѧУڡһе֮ŽƵġ
Ҷ˼Ŀ֮󣬴ѧУĵӡ
ҶǸƵʦѧڳн׶չΣÿһֻڡҶԼҵû¸ˡ
Լµ𣬱벻ܣһеľͶҶﶼ廨⡢нͷĴ׷
ҶԱųһ1ѧʦѧʦæϡġ֣ߴ˯
ҶƤʡ½ʦܿ1ѧҵ𣿡
ҵ˹ز৵ظȸ˼֮γѣһµı飬Ҷ½ʦ˵ѽǸ½ʦ
㿴ãһСĸǰѧҵûɶãرϲʦһѧҵͿƲסԼ
ҶƤʡܸĸЩӵѧҵ𣿡
дšҰҵ½ʦҶһٲֱŪˡҶʦǸȵĽߡ
һӦæͷҵɽƸҶʦİɡ
Ÿҵ½ʦ֮á˸Ƿſ˯
ҶŬظ1ҵŰѸ2ҵҲ˳ָˣ˸ڵĸѧĻѧҵ
ʦҵܸҿ𣿡
ʦǰѧҵеѽ
ҶٸɽҵŤͷ˺ʦǰһʦҵҪ𣿡
ںˮĺʦ㱻Ǻ˼£⡭ͲˣʦҽĿƵġ
Ҷֲϵطҵһ죬Ҷλϵıӻš
Ҷ֪칫һᰮѧҵҶʦ
ۺ֪ﵭغһûѧĻˣֱֻܿ΢ľٶȡ˵ˡ
Ͻѧѧҵѧ㣬ı5켣һ
д׳ˣҶԼ˵֣ЩᡣҶǸϷˣٶٰܲˡ


10 
ҶصԺ¥ͷһ̵֦վԼſڡ
˿ᣬӺܸߣһ棬ֵԸߣʱ𴽽ǣ͸һ˿Ӳʵ˧
Ҷʱ⡭òɣ
תͷҶ΢΢һЦ
ŵȦҲУС˵ϾǲһءûǰʱҶǸıÿ
Ҷʱͻͻǡǰ
Ǹժ¾ñ¶һڰЦ˵ɩ㲻ϵˣïգʳˡ
ǰûӻˣЩʳȥ˰ɡ
ԭǰҶһ
ꣿǰǲźãҶһ˳ԳԺȺȣ֪
ïҲǸվڶӵѻŮſڵġʳһ˻ؼҵı飬Ҷ㻹Ϊǰ
С˵ïֵܣܲ۹ݴûʲôۡïպϱرãǴԺпڽԱģޣǰĴڰǰе
ڶԸƷɩӵ·ϣïտνͷǰŮһ֮Ůͻݽĵ÷ïԡģޡѣŮ˳ذѹ۽ܸ
˿̣Ҷïյ񶼲̫Ծˡ
ԭïֵܰѽ̫ˣʳӼңͬ½˵ʳպϴպϻܳԡ
ҶͳԿףεЦЦǰڼңɩӾͲȥ
ҶïսţЦԼڴǴ⡢ûԹǴǿۣҶҪˡ
ְԿ״˶
ïҲûȥ˼ֻΪ˸Ҷʳ
ȥ԰ɣһͦ׵ġï˵
һеʦܶ𣿡Ҷ˵
ֻïհѾϸ˵ϣಡһܿʧ¥䡣ҶӦ׷ȥʱӰӶûˡ
Ҷŵŵľϸأǿѩһɫɢŵõô฻ǿۺܲףɼïռﾭ治
ڼҼҶȱʳԣ侫ϸǵһʱ;ϸǹĽ飬ܾܾꡣ
ҶﻹҪ˽Ӽã
ҶŵŵʳԴͻͻۡɲҰñôྫϸʳŵп˰ȥ

߾ҽԺ
ˮζǰѪɫڴϣüͷš
ʿڻʱ䣬ߴߴ˽108ŵǸ׳˵ܲһ㣬ѹӢˡ
ʿ̸108͸һơ108׳ÿ濡ÿڴϳ˯ѣ̲סۡ
ʿΪֵİ඼Դˡ
һβĻʿһ˵סĸӢۣ
һѹ˵һ˵ץס˵Σշӣ˻Ǹ쵼Ϊ˴ס׳ͷˤˣǱһ·Ҳ֡϶ܼǸȹ
Щʲôã궼ȥҲ֪ļ˸жѹ
仰ӭһ̾Ϣ
һĴӵĻʿĬϸʰҽҩƷ۾峺Ƥϸ𪣬Ž׵Ĺӳĵ嵭Ρ
֪ǰô
ҦǰǾʶһҦΪѧҵǰԶǡõù˻չϵӣȥûþͻعˡһҦ˵ʲôҲٷǰˡ
Ҧ꣬㻹ץȥ׳ҩ
Ҧװҩˮ׼ߵͷȻСʿˣѹˣ
Ҧ׼߽洫ִ
Сʿίر˳ʡզ£쵼ˣ
ǸȦ˵쵼˵סԺҪؼңŸôԣȥҾҽ
Ҧ߽ǰڴߵıӰʰԼ
ٻҪסһ£Ҧ嵽˵
ǰͷˣʰͣҦꣿôǡ
˵һ룬ǰڵľߵĻͣסˣ˵û£ܽͿԳԺ
˵һ㶣ãڵ׼ĵЦϱ͸ģװż鷢ùɣʪȣǰûüϾ͹Ҳˡ

һߣcһС
ҶûüڸλϷⷢȣѧУ㿪ʼĸˡһ칫ʦΣ˵Ĳһÿ˻϶Ĺˡ
Ĺ겹һƤӡһס㣬͡ĸ¡
ǽ굽ֵĸûвͣҲһ롣
ʦųʳһݷݵطֹ겹ϵЦݲõ̫ҶȻְ겹Ҳķݡ
Ҷõʳץ˼Ż͹ӳ̫ûԹˣƽʱЩ۵ĶҶȻҲϡˡ
ô࣬ûĹҲĴ㡣
ͨĵо⣬׷ۺģĥüϸ壬壬ҷҶһһҶǰûзЩͨʳˡ
칫ҵʦҶģֱʦЦʡʦŵݣ
Ҷ˵֮󣬺ôס˺Ժȵͷͷ˵ҴũģûԹôóԵĶҲˡ
Ҷ
ҶʱСԭũĺӣѹÿ춼̰ڣڿøţƵġ
ҶԱӺſαȥϿˡһ׵ĸĴﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĵز
ҶĹԼһÿصضԼѧҹҲҪǺúѧϰÿʦڰ칫ңѧͬѧʦʦ˻ֱгѧĶɣѧЩԺܸԼʡǮǣ
˵Ҷ̲סĨһΪֿڷҪˣĻ
ҶĻ䣬Ǿȵءۡһ׷׾ֱңҪʦ
ҶһÿκѧУĹ겹˾Ժ
ȡ˹ڴƯ⣬ѩ͸ķ⣬һõ̵һ⣬ŵ׷ඹĢľ
ҶǰһֽװӣеʽУȻҪһ˹꣬ҶҲҪãżŸ˴
ⷹһ룬ҶԼɹԺ·ûյס¯ӵķڴҴææ¥ȥ·
Ҷ뿪֮ǰؼˡ
սӾ͸ܵӭһů⣬ΪһŮˣ·˸洦ɼŮ˵Ķú¯һӵνף߹źͮͮļԲͷžĺ촰ϰŻûüûճ
ԭڶһů⣬˹Ϣ
ƯһŨζ⿪¯ϵĹǣװ˵ⷹ׺͵ඹľĢǰ̲סҨһ뷹ԡ


11 
Ҷű¥ݻؼҵʱԼᵽԼƮķζ
Ҷ뵽ܹԵˣؿ˵㡣ͬʱȴҲɻôɷζôѴʵˡ
ҶͳԿףŷ©㵭ĵƹ⡣
˵ӰӣҶһӦǼˣǸҪ
ĸֵˣز˵ֱӵˣ
˱Ҷſļխխݵľֱֱͦıһͷïܵĺڷˬɾ˫Բʷųȴֵһţ˻ȻԼҰɡ
ٸɾֻչһƬƲеǽ塣
ҶһۣԴһ⡭Թˡ
ǰ֮пҶСĿ⣬ת
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢üͷš
ⲻǰʱҶǸı
ʯ䣬ҶԺϴιǰ˳ᶫʱӼκĴҶһЩ̫Ĳ²⡣
ڿн㣬Ŀ˴˶ӡ
ҶСʡ㡭ǣ
ǰ꣬Σ¡صҽܵҶͬ־ãǹǰ24꣬ӸӪɣתӪÿ¹99Ԫʳ40Ｆ
һ˿ش֦װ࣬Σ˿ƿҶ
ԭǹǰҶͫ׵ѵһˣȻ
ǰ˵֮ͣһֱҶĻش𣬰Ҷûһ䡰Ҷ18꣬ũƶũְλнʦ30Ԫʳ30
ҶȱȱŶһ䣬ɨһײʣĹǻװżƷĿǣü۵ԡҵȫԹˣһ鶼ûʣ£
ǰûϵһҽܣǶԷϴ̬ãԲס̫ˣԺעġ
˵ԲҶԭװļƷֱһʣرԹˣװѾʵʵڵļƷ
Ҷ𡰹ǰ˯Ϲǰǿһ
ҶҴ˵ǽɣ
ĿǼ죬Ҷ˳ָʾȥɵۡǰ˺ܶʳװһ
Źǡһײˣһ
ôȱԵļƬֵǮҶġӶʨ𡱹˺
Ķӷ˹๾ҶֻŹϴ
ǰֱϱɹڴڵ⿴ղԵֻ˱ļƬ⣬ûζͳԹˡ
ǰҲûҶģҶʱóԣеɡ
Ҷü,ѵһӣˣҲˣǰҪǲ͵˯ɣҲǵһ˯ˣ
ǰܹܵҶĲ죬ȻǰûʲôԲҶ飬äƼȻ̫ġ
ԴҶڲʶ£һԺ󣬹ǰŽԻڴ
ǰƬ̣ѵվʰ˵ͷ˹⡣
峺ͷˮ£˵Щȵطˮ鲻סؽɾϣĺҶ۾ֱ
һθǰΣ˼ҵġ
뵽ҶһݣǹŮˣͨûʲô³
Ҷȥ˱鿴תע
ǰŹӵ߹ţйͷϲҶ⡣һ⣬ǰԵ뷹ͼذĢڷϡ
˸Ĭһڹǰȴѵõƽܰ
극󣬹ǰҳԼһҪȥϴ޵ģûʲôֻҹ֮Ψһ־ǡ
Ҷѵʿˮȹһˮ
ϴ󣬽ס˹ǰ˵ǰͬ־Ϊǲʡ
ǰ黹㲻ԼҶദģʽ⡣ȻäƼޣܶ౻֯ܵķޣǺг
˹ǰҶĻʡô룿
Ҷѡ㣬ϴΪʲôǹǰһڲع£ûˡ飬Ҫ飡
ʱïպͷˡ
ïֵܵˣΪѵ˵òʱҶǰǰʱִˣҪúˡ
ؿڡҶ֪ǰΪʲôʲôʸƢǰ컹ڴϻԲѣһ¾ǻؼҺꡣɩ͵Щʲôɩ
֯ϸǰοƷǷú
Ｆһƿ龫Ʊϣ
ҶһŪˣ۹ǰˣ
ǰһë˵ûôš
Ҷ˵Ƿ·ûƵģǰ˵㿴㻹ȱʲôҴȥЩ
˵ůﵹЩˮϴЩˮĴָ⿪Ŧۣë£¶˱塣ǰ򵥵شһ˿ڡ
㱻ţҲһġ
Ҷſ̲סһˮ


12 
Ϊһľˣǰӵųһ˵
ڲļ϶β׽Ҷ͵͵Ŀ⡣ʲôҲû˵ĬͿҩˮ
ҶҲ֪˫ôôå̲סȥǱźģĹǰ塣ſţҶɵԡ
⣬ƽ˳ĸڸûѩ׵ı¡ÿһ鶼׿޾ĵ̳ĽôȻ
ڵıûˣҶֱǰ˱
֦̰Ŵȣ΢΢𣬷·̯ûظƵġΪ̫ʱһ˫Ҳίί
ǰ̫Ȼһҩ𣿡
Ҷֺһˮѵ̿ˮջ˵İɣ
׺ʡ˵Һ㿴ҩӣ
ǰû˵ҩظԼ˱Ȼ΢ʪëպˮ˲塣Щ£Ķͷ˱ĺˮûкһ
Ҷ˿ǰˣȷʵͦأ˫ۺԼȲصĲˣѪģӡ
˵ɵΥз飬ǷƶǺҶҷġ
Լ˵˯˲̫ãϰȥøɡҽ̡
Ҷ¹˼ıӣֹǰûеڶӣʱɵۡôһӪȻûеڶף
ǰڴϣƣ˯ȥ˯ãڴɳһֱߡ˵һ䡰ûϵ˯˺ܺã


գ峿
ǰһˣҶҲϴ
ǰ쵼׷̽̽ܲܿɣ
ȻǰЩʳס쵼޷ĺ񰮣ӲǰʳҶЦе˵
㲻ԣ㰮ҲҪ԰ɣ
ǰû
ҶΪԤп˺ȻãͰԼ׬Ǵǿۡϵ˿ս˹ǰǰˣҶȻû취ϸˡ
̶̵һϣһ⡢ˡϸƶļҴﵽǰδеĸ㡣ҶǲԼʳЩοƷҲذꡣ
ǰϸˣҽĲӪĲҶܵʳÿһͲǡ
ͲΪû⣬ôܻӭҿԶڵʱڣܳԵͲҲ۵Ķˡ
ǹǰǰȫ塣
ҶŲʳûһͲǻϴɾź桢Ģʹ
ǰԭһҶȥЩֵСƵģ϶Źͷǰ㲻ȥˡ
Сʱ峺̰֭ף֭ϸۻƵĽ˿ĢˮƵͿ
Ҷһ棬Ͳ棬ʢ֮Ӷ
ǰûǰǳԷãɸɾ˳ȾôһҲûС
ϴǡҶú¯ǰ޷մζʲô顣
ڴһڵǰΪﻹп¯ӱȽϺáοǽѾҶϸĵѩ׵ֽ
棬֭Ũ񣬹ʵͣһ˱ܹ˱֭ڣ֪ǲԵʣǰҽԺøˮƽ
ѹֽ˻˶ܣ˿СԶܳһڵķɲܸȥʳúöˣ
԰ɣԼúôڼҶ˵
ǰʡȥģ
Ҷ⿪˹ԼıȥѧУѧٻ
ǰïշĵ籨е֪Ҷһıһʦְλȴְ֪ҵȰ˼ٴҲҪŸѧΡ

ҶȻǸѧΣһʳ֤ݡ
ȻûԶûĸʱ򣬲ΪĵԵʣеʳ۸Ѿ̧úܸߡΪάгʳĽǲϷġ
Ҷɾ裬ñӴüסתתķһŰѸǿۺûĴ׳֡
ʳ֮Ҷ翴һۣһԽٽŵԽ
ȺҶۼطԼѧ
һݰͰ͵Ůںжţʡ壬ҪҪҰŶѽһëǮҰһ졣쵽ˣҵܵȥ㣬Ǯ
תͷһãô䣬ŶӶ࡭
ûҪæŶӣΪĹλ඼żˣпոĥġǺã˻Ǯ
в̵ĹﰡҪǸǰҶĴָΪάѧϣҶҲӦװûĬĬ뿪
ֻǺŵɪɪŮվҡҡλΣƵͰ͵ûһѪɫ
ҶڿȥˣӰ﷭һֻӵݸѧ
ѩ𣬿ɺóˣͷ
ʦѩ૵Դһѣˤ˵ϡ
㿴վվˣûԷˣҶźɸֵԴ
ҶС̫־ϳ֮ʳĵĴ࣬ûһֿܹʳջ󡣺οһֻװ֡ůİͷ
Ǿϸ
ѩҵãСС䶯ſͷһԣֱ̻ʣھͳһֻͷȻˣҭðֱҶ̻ʡЩҭģ
Ҷоذź÷÷ַ˳ѩʳ
ѩҶһлҶ򵥵ѩ
ѩм˵һȥѧУʦѧϰôֱݡġԥһ£ѹ˵ʦһܺõʦҶѧȥҼ﹩ˡ
Ҷ仰˶ˣ˵һѧټ廨⡢ﾫϸѧܹˣȥ
ޣ˴ˣһѧһĶ
һͥܰѺӹôףһõбҵ֤ˣҶԼܹѧӵζοС
ҶմӺзһʺƣ͹Ĺĵĺɰһ˼Ǻ˵
ģҸȥҷáѧУƶѧһиҸҳ˵˵Ҫ˵㻹ܼҵĿء
ѩʱɹâŵʡģҼǵûѽ
ѩﷸԺֻ˵˴ѧרѧѧУᷢɴû˵ƶĲ
Ҷѹ˵ߣҪǻ˱һǰ೤ƽʱѧϰڷܿ̿࣬϶Ƚ
ѩѾҸȼѹؿã̫ˣʦ·12ţҰż˶ڼ
ҶԴػؾԺˡ
Ȼһֱûе佱Ҷȴůůġ


13 
ҶصԺ󣬷ֹǰѾڼˡ
Ҷ²ۣ˻ŵ㣬һͲʲôֵˡ
Ӱͳ˴Ӻһƿ͡һǡ
־ĶѾ˹ӦҶ˸߼ǮŴӺи㵽һ͡һҪһǮ۸̫ˣҪҶ̰ԣ¿࿴һۡ
ҪˣҪԣԼ
ȻǿģҪŬӹͷͶŸж
һеĹ겹﷢˼о⣬ҶõֻûѧͳԹˣ졣
ʱڼ״̬˵ʳӵҶ⼸úˣܵҪԡ
оһʳ̷ͨȴһزĸ׷ҷ㣬һĲҩζ
̸ӳ̶ȣ١
ҶŴ׹ɸˮݣŴ׺ɰʯһ𱬳׻ƳŴ׷ۡˮǽ裬Ƴǣֱܹ˿Ϊ֮
Ϊǵʱ˼ιͣӶĹҶ߽ű߲סˮ
ɹɵҩۺŴ׷ۻϣǣٷŵһﲻϵĴʹøҩǳֽϣͶȡ
ҶõоýͷĺˮСõгɵо״ϸ˿һӽ׵ĵоʱֱҪϲ
ҶһоԣŴڼݼ京ŵĸѧУûʲôΪûǮ˼ιͣζڸиء
Ҷһһо⣬ΪǱ߳ԣƷúϳƳֻʣ˰
ҶĶ˸ʳĴָմŵǷۣõش˸ö
ҶĿڴⶳŵŹǣ˫ֲʹȡ
һŹˮرζˮûŹǡ
ҶŵһŹǣԵòʱǰûԡŹǣԼȫĲҶʹ˼⡣
극󣬸ҶƿʡӴôǶϷˡ
һȦûֹǰӰӣʡҶǰе¡
Ҷ˵ûأʲô£
οҶһڳԷûйǰӰӣﻹʲô׵ġüͷšһĲͬ
ǰ⺢һҲϧԸ壬ẓ̌ͺڶӦöúõıǰ̡Ҳԣܵȥˣ
ҶŷֲܸζŸɣֻϨ¯𣬴ϴ³ȥҹǰ
ǰҶץһѵо⣬߱߱߳ԣһоٻؼңû뵽ƵԺѵȻ˹ǰӰ
һ֦̣վñͦþòϦϣһ˲Ӱ׼÷·ĲӵƬһ㡣
ҶĿֱã޷޲ƽĺһǰܳƸɶúƫסڲٳ߸𣬻ػؼϴ
Ҷ߹ȥӹսǴ²ٳŷֹǰһˣһѧߣںһȺѧԱϿΡҶ㶡
ѧԱǰԵĿˢˢҶϣʮĺӡ̡ﾪ㵡ĿҶϡ
ҶƤٺҲ̲סһ죬СʹǰôڼԺ
ǰԵػشпա
ɨһԼıȻڰԵؿǰָϢת
ߴȵѧԱ뻮һתƱ˵Ŀʧˡ
ѧԱǶת֮󣬹ǰһҶã̲סֲҶմŵķм
ǰʡʲô
Ҷûϵḡɴ۾ɫʵر仯š
ҶĨһ죬Ƿ˵ȻǺóԵģѾԹûķˡǰѽ㣬㾹Ȼ͵͵ڼ˽²´СҸί򱨸淣һµĽգ
Ȼ㾫ô棬Ѽļȫˣһ͡ϴɨϵء١
˵ҶҲǰı飬תͷٵ뿪˲ٳ
һ֪ĸѧԱﲻסЦ˳쵼ǽǣȫݼڱĳ
ǰջ֣˵ɢ
ޱػ˼¥
ص֮󣬹ǰּһӸζʱҶǰԵʲôˡ
ǰϴ˸ַһŰײˣϴ򿪹ĸͷһŹˡ
׷ŹǺͷζ˱ǣȻ¯Ϩ𣬵ǻůȵġ
̱䵭¶һĨЦŷŹǣմŽ֭׷
ôõĻʳ˻ȻִѾꡣ
ǰûҶҪô˷ѣմԾ˼ĵĿ࣬ԵõҲûϵ

ҶصҺ󣬰ͼݽڻе鼮һ飬Ϊʵ׼
ʼдСӣ̧ͷʱѾҹĻˣҶĶѾüꤣͳԿ׽⿪ӵŹǰȡһо⡣
ղĹǰؿһۡ
Ҷ̵ĸ㺬ǰһ£ǿģʽһǰ롣
ǰڿɶջȥ𾻵Լԣͬ½ǮģúܡˣҪƱǮͷҪ˼ҡ
˵ҶøԼһ죬Կ˹ǰðֹԹ
Ҷĵس֮󣬸ǰ˵ѵĻǰʵ˵ˣ㲻ʺҡ
̾һ̫ˣҳԾĿ࣬ĸڸǰҷԺһҪϺӡ
ҶҲ֪ԼȻڹ99ĴԺһ֧ƽǰ
ƷɲģôóӲԼ䲻䡣
νˣȥ˵Ǹ鱨泷ŻᣬҶҲףϼ͵ˡ
ǰĬû˵ʲôֻҶԴ˯ɣôˡ
ǰӣСŲѣ˯ȥ
Ҷӵ˱ʣ˺һŲݸֽ߬ɫֱ䣬ɤӼ˵еĹʡϽңԺɶɶҲܷġ
ǰһ߹ӵһ񣬷Ĺʺͽ
Ҷ̲סֿڡ
Ʒ˲üƷ¡ӡûô룬ǰƢҲûôáɾ˰ɡ
糿Ҷˣƹǰ
𴲣Ҷˣȥ緹ͲǣͲƱʴԱҪͲǡǵϸ㣬ļ𣬱ռˡ
ǰۣϱѾ˵һͨһӱ˳ϴ
ǰǰ˳ԵӪͶҽԺ׼ģûΪƱȥͲǵ顣޶ë£û
ҶҪԣǰϴƱȥʳöһͲǡԱϵùǰѹöĿͷʡĿ࣬žؼ
ǰɵöԵ㣬ú˶ˡ
ǰһֳɵϴ⣬н˿棬ͷ棬ÿһһ˿
ҶѹԾؿŹǰĲӰһ¯ϵˮ๾ðݣʢĹͷϸ۵Ľ˿ϰֻͷŵ龫


14 
Ҷ˳Ⱦĵذ壬Ҳŵĵط
ϴϺҶϣð龫ǰһ
龫ʱһְӪƷļ۸ǮһޣھϹõ
ںʮһޣ൱ҶһµĹʡҶһ龫ļ۸ȴ
ô龫
ǰ˵ӷģȰɡ
ǲӷǰ˵ģҶһ
ͷҪӪƷ̫ˣ÷÷´ĶӶֻίίغС̷ۡǰ֪ˣ˺
Ȼǰı˵ϣǰ龫ɢ㡢ŵζջҶ޷Ųߡ
ҶŲĿ⡣
ǰ龫һȴƵģȻʧЦ
ȰɣõĶ
Ȼ˶ôˣҶŤɶӺ
ݷ龫¶ˣζסҶ⣬һСͻɿζȵţ̻ҪúȣģԼܺȳɿ̵ζ
ҶܾöûгԹóԵĶͿҪûӦһ龫ͺȹˡ
Ҷٿǰ˳˺ܶࡣ
ĶȱʲôҶʡ
ȻҶ̭ŹǰĲʮĴů´̡ӹӣǰȫСҶ벻ǰҪʲô
ʮʺƶѣأ˴չĴ㹻һӡҶһˣҪӳӻҪƱӣһ˽̫ˡ
ǰԼ˵ȱ
ҶѾܾǰö룬ٴҶתһ룬ǶõĻᣬŮϵڽǮס
Ҷ緹²ظǰȥ˰ٻ̵ꡣ
Ȼʮٻ̵ɱţϳǧ֮ųҶûٻ̵ꡣӡеӵ¾ɡ
Խʮķ꣬ȫĵطСʱֵƷҵſڡٻ¥߹⣬߶ϵΡûеǮ治̤ȥ
ٽ꣬Źڵգƽﲻõ껭СŤĸŮ洦ɼʳƷ͵ꡢſڸŵɽ˺
ҶǰУЩˤӣײ˽˹ǰؿڡҶ뵽˹ǰ˿ڣæ˺һʡҲǹģ۲ۣ
ǰû˵ʲôץסҶǰ棬˰ٻ̵ꡣıӰ䣬źȴԵӷףֻԵȳ˺Ҫ߳һء
ӰߵҶķ˫ֱ
ҪҶԭû˵˵İãͰԸĨˡ
ٻ̵ҶֱֱرȥݳƷǰȥǲϷ
ǰҶһߣƬֻ̣ۻҶ
ҶĿתؿŲ̨ڵֱǻȵĿֱ޷ӡ
Ҷû뵽￴ܶྭĿʽϺơơ÷ֱʱеģ÷ǽڻ۸ܰҲᡣ
ҶµֻŮ˰죬ļ۸ҲһĹ138ԪҶòԲֻܰǰҪֻ
Ҷؿǰûӭһ˿Ρùǰ˶˵һ仰ãҪ
ֻϲҶ˵
Ҷ׼ܵʱ򣬹ǰͳƤǮʮšʮ
ʮ1955귢еֽңղƷʱӡˢÿϴϴ緭64ֽҾֹͣͨˡʮŽᡱ档
ҶѪĿ֮£ǰǮݸۻԱ
ҶϽǮţˣڿó󣬲Ǯҡ
һƱŵ¡ģÿһֶѪǰǮɲҶֲ
ǰ˵ʦҪʱпҲ㡣˵أһ龫ɵŮۻԱ
ÿ춼кŽ𴲾ͿˡҶʵʵ˵
ۻԱԭͦͷģ֮ĶԻˣһ֪»ķޡֻ»ĹŻ޿֡
ͬ־ɣ㰮˶㰡𹼸ĺ⡣
ǰҶͷû˵뿪ֱ̨
ҶƫͷȥɫһһϾʼˣǰǹĻģ֪Ůӵͷ
ǰҶһɽװǮͰ˳߲Ʊ
ǰ·Щõĸѩ˪ѧбؾԺˣһȻûǮϸڴҶԷص㣬СЩСϢ
ĸʶѩ˪һûɶõĻѧСνġѧСϷУϵƷһɽСѧʮˮƽһƷˡ
ԱһǮôֵϺУڱڰٻ̵Ĳ̨Ǯ
ȻصԺʱ򣬹ǰѺȡһȥ˳Ѹѩ˪ݸҶ
Ҷһ㶣ҵģ
ҶΪֹѣԼõġ
ǰͷġ
ǸҲǣ
ǡ
ǰصӺ󣬷ҶľͷһֻװûͿľͷܳûǰֻһֻڹ跿ϴʱõ趹ͺͺطʯϡֻҶľװŷ
̶̵һǡ֣Ҷ㶣ѸתͷԼıӡ
ǰҶʡ龫ֱҶ޸ܣһֻ򵥵ķȴŪֱᡣ
ǰҶķӦסˣƲͷû˼ʹ˴ɹŵ⡣
õһ⣬гƬŰײ˳˸ˡ

塣
ҶƷվһ磬ǮһֻϾɵһ鲻˵ֱ
㣬ҶʱѧУؿ˺üѧ˵ȻʮȻôѧ
Ҷѧѧޱ۾µתţÿѧ
ʵҶףʱޱλǳߣΪֱļ۸񲻷ƣԵøֱȥʱе¡
ʮһֱ֮˭ȥޣֱӻ·㡣
ҶȲֱŷŴһһزеڽ̨ϣֱÿһơҶѧʱ£Դͳеоһʱ䣬ֱͲ֪ٴˡ
ҶֱڲĻе콲һ磬ѧɳɳűʼǡμѩҵͦԼͬѧ˵һxxxѧУʦѵýѧޱ
ǮȥޱҪüأ
Ҷ˲ò̾ѩĲԳ̶ȣȻ֮飬뵽һӡ
ѧҶץסѩʡǰõģм


15 
ѩ㶣ͷ˼á
һ˫ƲЬЬ˲ЬҲ˺ܶΡЬһҲůϽЬͷ¶Ľֺ
Сĸɡѩ˵
ҶѩͷʦҪȥҷú˵˵ƶߣ߰ɡ
ѩҶһ˼ҡСҶѩļңСΪʲôڹſŶǮΪʲôѧ
ʮƽ׵ķ䣬߻谵ȴסˣѩĸĸүү̡һܵһȫ
ѩĸ֪ʦˣнһױд˫Ȳмַھӷ첹ϴ·ãܵѧѺȫ˵Ŀʳͳϡ
Ҷױѩ֣ξͳ˵ˣѩӳɼ죬ѧУѧϰ̿࣬ǰİ೤ҿ϶רļʷǳרвҧ๩һѧڣͿԹͷˡ
ѧ
ϴ·ѩˣȦغỨ
ɣ͸һ˿ȣʦǼҲˡʳͳЧ治ãʶ˺üΡСѧˣܲܵ
УùˡרҲûãǵޡ
ְĳʳͳcͳʱԱ൹æȥʳǸգԱû¸ɣʼ˺ܶࡣҵľ׽⣬ǵС飬Ǹ⡣
֮ǴڹҶԼǰ򲻵ͣɲǳʳͳ쵹
Ҷһ˵ҷõĿģѩ裬һŪһƶĲҿ԰ѩȡ
ѹ˵զƶ̶Ǹ⣬ҳѩͦѵģѩҾѵĶȥˡ
ѩȻԼм˫ȣ˭һѣȫҶѩǮ
ҶС˵𼤶֪ѣⲻѩ벹ôֻ˭Ҳ˵һ˾ٱŪûѩզ죬˵ǲ
Ҷ±ٱͱûм˵㡣ֻҪ͵ͬʱҲѩ֪ʦԼ
Ѷͷѵʵ̫ˡѩ踣ضˣȻصͷĬ֮ǿҶĿ⣬Ѿǳ˸м
ǣʦǸˣ
Ҷ˵һͨӿҵ͹뿪ҡ

Ժ
˵ҲɺϣҶ͹ǰ쵽ٻ̵±һɩײˡ
ʱҶһ÷ֱҪǰҪ򻹲ɡ߶ʱƤһĹ䣬Ѿ÷з
һʮ˿飬ҶҲҿڣŮǵʱҶĽǼʡ
Ҷʵ˼ҵŮ˵ҲˣƫƫǸũģӼ޸ǰҪҪǵģɲŰѴԺһ֦ԩͷף
ɹҼʵŭ138飬ҶֵǮ
ǰʵʷǲԲȵţȫ˹ȥ
һ˵ǰڼҪɼǰû취һ˴컹ñȥ֡
˺ܲˣֹסԣʲôǰôһõǿ
Լ涼ΪҶܹˣïպ͹ǰǰݰӵֵܣҶ൱没
˽ɷ˵ǰȢ˸ɶ⣬Ǳˡ˵˼ϱģҶҦأ
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ΪԼ㹻Ҷֻϱ
ïüͷ壬ϹɶҦ꣬Ҷ˲ˡ
ǿеҦ꣬ƺ͹ǰйһεŮͬ־֪¡Ƕʱߵú֪ܽôҦѧϰ¾Ͳ֮ˡ
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ҶѹûȤͲһϦҹĻҪϷ۰
ǰï˵ϦϲķԣܹⲻȥҺҶһ
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Ҷùǰǵգ۱̣ŹǺ⣬Ҷϵһԡ
ֽ˺ŹǡʲʣµһоҲó
Ҷ͹ǰ׼Էʱ
ҶһȻïշһ廨⣬һЦվ⡣
ï߽±һᣬǰⶼˣһŸһԷء
ʲǺŹǣǾ׼ذ˵ķģһʳҲûǰʳǰһ跹ҶʳСҲװ뷹
һζϷʢʳʳָ󶯡
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˳ԾĿ͹£ҶĶݸ˵ȥͷ
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ΪʲôţҶطʡ
ҹҶģùǰȥҶٺķֹֻ⶯ظƵġ
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ǰڳϴæòɿҶȴڳԶʳۡ
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ǡôʱǰӳ˳һҶ˾䡰ǰҪһ𣿡
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ǰһ仰ѸȨȫøҶïպͷķݶûУרҶԵġïշΪǰ˸ԻƵġ
ԭԲֹһǰ㣬СǿѾ˳Ծˡ
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ٿһ۹ǰҶ룬ǵһˣÿһ׷֭ŹǵĽ֭жóԡ
ٶԱԼĺ⣬ʱˣïֻԼղŹڻûùǰ⡣
óԡïո̾
ǰͬصͷҲҶζϦȻúƽǰе˾Υܰ㡣
ǰ治ϵؿŹǰ
Ҷǵˣ˰˱ӵĵ߹ʺ˼޸˹ǰ
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ҶЦе˵ѽĺܲ⼸춼ģǮģġҲģ̫ûɶҲɲˡ
˫ĿؿҶ
ïüͷšԭ뵱ȰȰҶĽĽѾǳ״ͷֻȰǰ뿪Ůˡ


16 
ڵ˳ҹ뿪ҶĶӲŵõ徻
ͽŮ˱ͻݳּңöء
ںкӲͻҲϱġҶѧʱǻиΪ׷Ҹжһķû࿴һۡ˵ٷμˡ
ҶʰĹǰСջ˴Ŀ⣬ȻͻҲС
ҶͳԼĽ̰ʼ
Ҷȫû뵽ʵôܻӭκѧǿҪӼڿΡҷúҶᶨԼ뷨Ҳ£ÿһεʵθĳÿһΡ
Ҷ鷳صֱ䵯ĻԼСѣֱ鿴һ
һʵκ󣬺̨֪ʲôʱһ廨⡣ճԹ⣬ҶŽĿ⾪ϲ֣ʵο̫ˣ
Ҷȼ˶ͶŨŨİͶʱɡ
ǰʰ㿴һ飬ڹҶ֪ʲôʱѾҶרõģԵ
ҶʱֳԼеרעƹ²ƽ
˿ûעǰڿһƴӱͻе
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ǰԸֵһЩ
Ҷ꣬ʱһֻǰˮվרעؿţˮѾȿȴ޲ԾűӣĽ̰ͼϣӼͶɹ
ҶסԼıӣһɵʡôҰŪˣ
ǰҡҡͷ˵¥µҲѧеǰڴѧ飬ʹ˲ŰݡпտԶཻ
Ҷ˵÷·Ǵڶ˵һ㣬͵͵ġ
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Ϲǰ˱ҩҶ͵͵һۡ
˵治һǿ̶̼죬Ѫģ˿Ѿʼ裬ò˼ͿȬˡҶÿڸȻĻţǰҲ̫˰ɡ
ҶԼĽڲ٣ԼԴ󷢰˼ҳԸĨô졣̰꣬ǵòҪ
Ҷǳ󺣣ʹ£˼ҡ
˯ʱҶС˯һͷԼƵǽǣѳһ˯

գҶҵѩ˵Լ뷨æ֪ͨԸʵεѧ
ʦÿ춼ѧУϿΣͬѧпն
ѩͷֱȺָҶ𣬿ҶںдҴҵӰ˫۳ϣ
ͷȥôεʦ۵ذҰͬѧţһںԽԽȡѩԼϵͬѧ˸ڰͬѧһҾȻһҵѧ
磬ҶϿεʱ򿴵һҵѧһ
ҶΪ˸Լ»ԵظԼѧرϸ¡ѧΧߣԭ֪ʶŶʵʲ
ֲʱҶüĺԶֲ顣
ѧûӴۺʵʽϿģʽÿʮһĺ汻ϸߡ
ʦ
ʦҪϿΣǵѧѧô𣿡
ѧϵŽĹʹѧ뿼רοЩԭͷܿѧ
Ǻ׾͸ҶһƬҶʦѧʶԨĬȤûʦļӣʲô⣬Խʦϡ䱦
һεѧѧֱڲ򵥵Ļеԭѧᶯ򵥵Ĺϡѩѧ˵ָͻоļ
ҶҵҵشһٵѹʱԼĳɹˡ
ѧѩȼѧÿͬѧȥһЩַھֱĻ
ѩͷŵ˵Ҫ޻˿ô죬Ҷⲻ˼ҵı
Ҷļ򣬿ǵصû£Ҫ󵨳һ¡޻˻ͷøʦޣҰ㶵ŵأɶ
Ⱥѧʹҡͷ
ҶǵԴɸֵ˵̽ѧҪڳԡʧܡûһ͵飬еǲϵʧܣдʧȡͽѵѶ£Ժôѧ֪
Ҷ仰˵꣬סϳ𾪵ı顣ǵͷ˼ľżҵĶ
ⶼѧľˣֱؿһƬȡ̧ͷʱѾԾԾԵڴ
ʦ˵е
ҵ˼̫ˣʦ˼Ƚ
ҶԼҲûϵڳĻȻãǵļ򣬿ԺҪװװơ
̶̵ĺ٣գۼȥ
ѧҶѧУʽϿΡ
칫ұһȺѧס⣬ϰһѵĺͷҶ±һᡣ
ƲӵʱڣʳĺһֻͷܾȻһˡ
ʦȻÿ¶ʮʳѧʳҶΪ̲סĽҶͬνķۺ
ɶͷԣ֪﷢ʲô
ʦɶ˺£ѧʦĽʡ
ǵʦĿɲѧһһߡ˵
ƾɶҶǿѧʦҶһСѧĻܵõѧôమֻڿ˵ҵѧɡ
ֻ֪ҶʲôΪҶѧУҵԿסҶϰʳʮֵƽŲĿ⡣
ҶûФĿϵʳȫѧ󷽵ľֹסʦĽʺ޵Ŀ⡣
ܿҶһĻˡ
ѧУĻˣȫʦĹʡʦĹǰռ𷢵ģѧƱҵʦõ40ԪĹʣרҵʦ35Ԫʡۺģõ32ԪʵϰʣҶֻõ20Ԫ
˵һеĴãʵϰʦһҲõ32ԪʡǱֻ28Ԫأ
֪Ҷֻ20鹤ʣʱƽˡ
Ҷԭ⹤ʵĶ٣ֱĻȻҪ12飿һԼһֱ
ҶǸҵǺټزΣÿ۵øƵģͷıȲһƾ
ʵǸѧУڵĺʦ깤ʺЦؿҶ
СգĹǰձ׼ģУ쿪ᵽѧѧ̫ˡһҲиа࣬㿼һԼѧ𣿡
Ǿӳѧ̫ˡԲ嵽ʦǸ࣬пվȥΣڿ˾͸㷢ҵ֤
ҶĬˣȥһȺĸϿΣҪҪˣ
Ҳ˵еѾѧһΡյúܺã˵ҶǳеʦһȺĺһϿΣΪȫУʦЦ
Сȥ𣿡ʦʣҲ뵽ҶӣƲӦȥϿΡ
ҶβԣѧУҲҸҵ֤
ʲôҶ˼Ƭ̹ϵӵæͷȥȻȥ
ҶϣȲ˵лѧУĻᣬʦĸģҿα
һݸ1Ŀγ̱ҶҶذԼİ칫
÷÷ҲǸвʦҶͬǴѧҵҶҪѧУΪҶˡ
ѧ󣬺÷÷Ҷ֣Լظ֤ҶҪʲôģ˽ҿԸಹΡõƾ
ûҶƸʱдԾȻҲ֪Ҷͨˡں÷÷е֪ʶѶȣҪõҵ֤ס
Ҷ˺ܸжصͷллˣ


17 
ѧ, ѧڰ칫ҵҶ
ǷֱкһŮȻƼݣֱͦ, òܺãһ˫˫ڵ۾ѹ˷ܡ
Ҷǡô
ѩ˫żĹâ, Լͳʦ޵ģ
ôȡھӵΡ㵽ļ̣ѩû˵, ֻѳɹչʾҶ̯Լ, ĵֱѩ, ָδ𡢵δתš
ҶѧУĹӿһ, û׼ġ
ѩļ, ܴ, ¿ͷѣһȥ˽˳ˡ
Ҷʡû˼Ǯɣ
ѩͦøֱ, ûУҶʦĻأDD
ѩ̫, һ, ˵һֻ˼ҸëǮҶûҪ
ѩûԼܿǮȷʵǮѩҪ˽ϴһڵ·һëֻѩֻ˼޺ˡһޱηη޼ѩ϶ܸ
Ǯ˿ܲ, һƶĹ˵ȴζźܶ࡭ ʦĻҪ
Ϊ, Ҳгɾ͸УЩɾ͸вǿëëһݵġһ־ϵú㡣ѩԺûǮˣҲҺˡ
к˳ͳԼ, һкͷ˵ʦҲޡ
𣿲£ʦһҶͳ䣬˻ְֵؽѧޱ
ѧһ˲ȫע޲ðеĲ趼ؼס
Ҷһ֪ޱλܸߡѩܿޱ׬ǮҶһҲ⡣ûСǮҶҪĿɲǮ
ķôľȻһ¡
Ҷ˵Ƕѧޱʦٽôǰʵοѧ󻹻ϣʦҸУ˵˵
ѧϢǳֵܼɳ˰칫ңȲغͬѧϢ
ǻǵҶŵĽѧĥôڿʼѧˡ
ޱ࣬ĿɲࡣʷûֱĳǸʱֵӱ
ʮֻ٣ͷǮҪ֣ԸʡԼһ˭ÿ°ߣ츣ǰҵھӣ˭Ͳ¥Ǹ̡
ѧ
ҶԡѧʦݸУдһ⡰ʵΡĽšд
ϸѧڵĽѧУҷѧĶҪѧһŸӶۺѧƣܹ⿿αȡҪʵʵĶֲۺʵ
רǴѧѾʵΣȽѧУҲʵΣΪʵκҪڴ֣صУѧſΣԸⵣڿʦ
дţĩҶһ˾ϯԡ
ҶŽУһҲУܾᡰʵΡǿѧʦı֣Żλεдš׸ɻҪǮ
ѵͶҪײҪ
ҶˣȽѧʵΣһʡѧȴûʵΣһеĲԡںӦԽôϾʱӵԼʵΣ˵ʵεҪԡ
У²ҶţҵҶ
С뷨ҿ˺ܸˡѧУȱָ롢ڷ׵ʦʵզͷһһʮˣҾŲʱʵΡ
һǰûϹʵΣʦûо飬ѧУȱǮѧԾͲˡҶУġŸ˻ܲӦô
Ҷ̻ѧֱɼǸʦУϽҶ
УӶͳһЦŨŨضҶ˵Сգͷѧҿܲޡ
Ҷֱͦ˵ܣУɲҪСǣǿأ
Ҷڻ˹ʵεʸ
Ҷβ£ޱѧӵҶżĺӣÿʱ䣬Ѱַھֱ
ҶҪ齥˳Σο°͡
Ҫʲôأ㲻棬Ҷ׵ԸѧڶΡȻҲûǮ¡
ҶŪһʵءܲ׬ǮƶܶѧĶ
Ҷһȥվõʱ򣬷˺ܶмֵȴòõĵӷƷЩƷ΢ûܼӼֵֻӲ̫٣»ļ
ҶǵþʮǻиŮǿ˾ǿá׸ñΪ׬Ůǿоһֽһɭ֡ڱĵطǱ
Ҷл˵ı֧ĵߡǱ
ʮշƷŮǿ˷֮󣬱ضõˣСǾ䡰չӡ䡢յϴ»һһ顢ֱԼúתȥ׬Ǯͱúܼ򵥡
Ȼڿɲ׬ǮҶҲ׬Ǯ׬ǮɲδġͶѡҶԼ̫Żȥ¡
ȻҶУѧȴԡ廹òШDDԲӯΪĿģ֪ʶͶֵʵԴáͬʱƶġʵءԡ
Щѧ̫ˣɵʵҶǻɺС
磬Ҷʼѧǽĵ·͵Ųԭ
κҶֱĺ̨ϲطԼ˻Ȼ⣬ˡ
ҶҵҵزһٵĿΣһѧۻֻһ⡣ںȻҶᶨԼȷģڴ쾫Ƹ
ܶȻʱû壬ֻҪûȥԺܻᷢá
л㱣߶Ҷ֪ԭ
ݣһһ£֮ǰͿʼˡ
Ĵֹۺúðѹֱʮ˭ˣ˱ô죿
Ҷ鿴廨⽱ʱСĿǾ䳬ĵĻҭԹ˲쮵ˡ
ѵͲᱻ
Ҳ˵ĺòã

ĩѩ޺õھӣھӷԼıĸ۵С޺ˡ
ǲ޵黹õѽ
ѩ֣㿴޶ޱѧˣ黹Ҫȥġ
ѩȻѧУʦǰô¡ŮĽοˡѩҪΪѩˣǸöźʦ
ֱǹصƷ֮ǰѩƤޱѾ˼ֻõֻˣԭѱѩ޵ھӣΪʡǮǽѩޱ
ѩޱҪǮޱһҪüǮб˲ռɵϲ£
ѩȻʦѰæޱͼڰھӵĹУջ˱˵غΣҲ˶
Ȼ˵㣬ʦ˵̽ѧᾭϵʧܣҪܽᡣѩؿȺģøᶨˡ
·һǾʦ˵̽ѧ

Ժ
˵Ҷõ廨⣬һ˵£һ¡ĹǰͲʹֱӰóˣ
ҶϴںӱߡһͰ㣬ֻĩɩȥҰˡ㡣
Ϸ
ֱ䵯ĻƮһ
Զûţⲻñ棬Ҷֱ˸Ҫһֻӡ
ĩҶŵӱߡӱԾ֮ǰ߰ȡ
ڸչãԵúܸԣĴ£ͷ³ķ̶ڻûʼ׷Сʷ㶷еǮ˻ǺԼġ
ﻹˮԡйӿġֻģǸ
ͷҶҶϿΡμӦһѧϻҪƵظҵܴڳ⣬Ȼûô
Ҷص㣬߰ȸ죬߰˵˵һжʵϰʦܺðͬѧõ32鹤ʣУʵϰʦֻ28顣
ʦǲǣ
ڸ칤ʽṹؿչ׹ǰ𷢵ġרʵϰӦ17Ĺʡ
ҶѧСѧô32鹤ʣǿǲҪõ
Ҷ͵֣˽
ĺĺ̫ǷˡҶŸ֪߰Ĺʵģô32鶼ô
Ҷ֧ͣϴһ͡ɤӣǳ˵
ɲǡϺüĿΡ˺ü꼶ҵ۶Ҫˡ¸ٶҲȲרѧġ칤ʵʱƣ
ҶλֱѸ߰ȡۡù뷨˵ˣ߰Ҷ׿ڿԼ̹ˡ
÷÷ΪҶԱҡҡͷ˵ҶԼҲУ㲹ϸĻܿõ35鹤ʵģ
ҶһתЦе˵DDүƫڷܵˣ͵ﶼˡμԼһͰ㣬׽һֻӣؼұһ١ⲻҽ͸һˡ
Ҷ˵ɩǶһЦˣ׷ֱҶ̫
ͷ㶼ˣӸԣ
ҶĬԭ˼ӣȻһֻʷʵȲشӶ˳һͷײҶŵʯͷϡ
ûͣ㶵ؿҶűŵӣһµĳĬ


18 
ɩţ仨ЦεĳЦ, ǰЦҶ쿪ĸ߰ɫһ䡣
𾪵صɴӣ㾲Ĭһ̲һԼ
Ҷץסö䣬׵ֻ, һӴͦġ, ζ
ҶƳ˸߰ȺһۣЦе˵үν͸ҵģҲҪ٣ҼŬ͵˶DD˵ģ
˵ֵֻǮ𣿡
Ҷ仰Ƿ, ø߰Ⱥɫʼˡ
÷÷һЦ, ڿҶƢ, ҶгرƢ, ŮҲ
÷÷϶صͷֵȻֵ, ֹǮ
Ȥصǰдá, ûŻ£Ŀˡ
ȻëǮһ, ϵϹ治Ǽ򵥵¡
÷÷ǴѧҵĽʦ, Ȼ, ƽʱԿҲѡʮʹʮ鵽лһ⣬Ż˼²֪ζĿࡣ
ҶֻأֵֹֻǮʮ鶼һõ
˵ЩɩжĽˣǷǻ˿ҶӶ̲סĽ
ҷ·оƵ, û˯, ۾ֻҲҶö˶˵߬, ȻΡΡһһ
ɩҶ֮ǰ˵ĻȫˡҶε˵һͰ㡢׽һֻӣӵˣأ
һ˵Ŀµֻͣţ仨۰Ͱ͵ضҶͣȵĿֱ޷ԡ
ɩӣܽ𣿡
Ҷ˸롱ƣá
оũɩ׷˵Ӷһѵ̣Ƕǻкֻܶ
ЩɩٲȻѾ˵㶼ˣﻹӡڼǺһֻӣζﻹһӡ
ǷһضǿӶÿʹڣӱȡˮපڡ²ǣƶ÷·ѾԤ뵽Լ龰ˡ
Ҫ֪ͷһôף
ֱӿˣҪӣȥֻǲҲһӡ
߰ȵȥӶûбúãҵȫҶָãŻҶڻ
߰ȺܾûζҪһӣȥæҲֵܷһ⡣
߰ȸղžҶԣΪĿߣƵòС
ͬںӱߵģôƫƫҶǸʯͷϵײǾ͹ˣ߰ôһ룬ҶԹʵƷ·תƵϡ
Ҷ˵Ȼȥˣˣ㴦Ͳóˡ
¸ǵľɩͷɣѹû˼ȥҶزؼҡ
Ҷ뿪ˣζŰѵͶһӵĻᶼøǣٲǻøˡ
Ҷӽ֯ٱ
Ȼûȥ׽ӣҶӺȻԼҶһģҶ沣ҶӻܳԶʳ
ͣ˾Ժ

صԺʱïոսѵ
ʡôͻˣ
֪ϱһȥ˺ӱߵ㣬ʱҪ浽ŻżܴؼС㵱¾Ʋˡ
˵ʰʰȥǰҳ⡣Ҷһֻôӣã
һһʮذҶںӱ߼ӵ˵ïĩһ䡰˵۶ںӱߵ㣬һ飬զƫƫײҶűߣ
һĻҪǸ벻ϣҪˣ
ï˵ǺãҶȥ𣿡
ֻ֮һ˲ŻţïǲŵġҶϹèӣǡɼӡ
ϴïȥǰҳҹҶǳԶʳӣԸϱȥ֡
ȴҶôСɣֻӿأһôɶڽ֮ǰҶһǼǻզ
ʱɶöˣȥԿôˣȥǶԲǰ׻ʮʳ

ȴ˵һߡ
Ҷ²ں˵±ϣӻص˼ҡ
ɱӣƤϴɾɹڴߡ
Ƥȥ˻Ǯר·ӡʮάҵûչͷʳҲ
Ҷ²ؿһȥѪգн˿ͷС±ϱ׾ȥȣ׽ͣһˮû⡣ϸǹζ˫۷ֱ
ʣµⱻҶ±ƺã̫·ɣԺԡ
磬ǰӷô˼ֻͷ緹ûüصңԶżŨŨζˡ
Ҷʲô
ҶʱûٳԹǰӪƷסۡŹǡ龫⼸ճԡ˵̣ҶһֻȻҲóԶʳ
ںӱ߼ֻӣϴϴ֣Ȼӡ
Ҷѳõĺֽ˴ײ˳ˡһһؼֻͷ˷ʢ緹ȻֻڹĴ
Ҷͷմ⽴֭ǽ֭ľʴ֭ˮ·ӵ꣬ʲôԶζֱԼͷ
Ҷϲ⣬õѹû˷
Ҷ˼ŵǰԼԱߣ˦˹ǰһФࡱ
ԴҪ뿪˲̫ãһһô죿
Ҷûüһ⣬ơ
վïշ򸾣ïһףżǹ˵ζ˹
ûĿ˷ϰŵϣⱻʺɫζȫ
ǰˣƬ׹ذ
Ѵӷôͷïպͷ
˵ɩӽãֻһͼһֻӡǺƤ⣬ɩӲɣ
Ҷһ⡣⣬Ȼǳ⡣
ڱ˿񵽵ӣⲻ֪ÿһⶼҶǻۺͺˮġҶһ۾Ϳж⣬дϡ
²ɵغЦ
ͷܼҵ׶ʵˣ˿ⶼҪԳԭΣҾжã͵Ĵ¡żͿں졣˽Ҫྫжྫ£Ψȱ˿ԡ
Ҷ棬Ӷ˺ü⡣
ֱɫ̵ģҶֱһŵ˵Це˵
⣬Լʡųԣ԰ɣ
ïͲµҶԣ̫Ѩ̲ۣԼø
⣬ԭԵͺȻˡ
óԣеĻҪζ
ϸۡζⶬãʱƤ´Ź֬ϸá
˲ιƵģس󣬷ֻܿҶϳ⡣ּ尾ֱѰ粻ԡ
һ緹꣬ﶼζïպ͹ǰȥѵ
ïջҶųԶʳΪﲻסҡͷõôϱǰûǻԺĹﶼ˽°ﲨʳˮûûˡӶӲ
ï˼˵˼һǿһΪ㡣
ǰˣȻֹסŲ֣صضï˵ϴû˵һᣬԺҶص㡣
ҲɵϴָǸҺҶԴܸ𣿡
ïû뵽ǰȻҶ˵סˡ㡢㡭һһѵ
ǰվñͦȵ015ïա
ԭɵïգվֱïյ
ǰ˵ҷ㵽ٳʮʮȦʡʡٸ̸̸롣
ïɵۣû뵽ǰȻҶҧгݵصٳʮȦܱô󣬲ǻûԵɣ


19 
, Ⱥɩˡ
÷÷Ҷ˵˽ƻʳĺ
ţ仨ȻõҶĵͣںӱһ죬ֻһˮСϺӶЩɩ, ǼѶٿˣ˵ӵӰ, ֻӰӶû
ӡ֤Ǿ仰DD㶼ˣӣ
Ҷģûаϵ
ҶֻЦЦʱͷɻһͷֱ, һ߱һ߳, ˡ
÷÷˵֮, ̲סĭ, Ҷ˱ϴһ˫, 
÷÷ؽ, ԭһҲĽҶԵֻʣ˾档
Ͼ÷÷ﻹʣ׻, ɲȲݵóԣ
÷÷ˣԭ⾹ȻôóԣҶⲻ, ǳϸ, ϸϸĹͷ·ģԵú÷÷ֱ˱Ĵָ
Ʋӵʱڣܳζе¡
̲ס̾Ҫͺˡ
ÿܶȥʵûбƶ١Ҷ˳ȥˣȴʵʵڵظ
Ҷͷɻ, Ƥգһµ˵ԲҪ
ö˶˵زԲ, ŬƴʮͷأȻȴɳԲļƷ, Ҷǵ˰˱ùŽ֡
һֻӶѣҶǰôôԣѺһ뵹һǷ¶
÷÷ԣ뵽ҶĸĸǲıĬˡ
ҶּĵĴʡ˵ǸӰ˶ˡ
ѧУ겹ʱҶŻڰ칫ҳһʳ˵ԼûԹóԵĶٿڿ칤ģҪԼӰࡢæҵñͲʱ丨ѧ
÷÷뵽Щ;ᣬٿҶʱѾ˿
ôڸ㵽һʳָԡ
ҶĩҰ㲹ϰɣ÷÷˵
ѧĿƵģֻܸ㲹ĺͷʦ㲹ƣˮƽܲģͬһѧҵģǸ߲
ҶԼɬ֣˵ҵûأԼѧѧͿԡ㻹ǻؼҴްɣ
ۺ÷÷ѵŲ£ӵԴҵС̷Ȼֽ˵Ӫôһ¡ϴξȰ㣬Ǯȥ㼦̷۸ԡ
÷÷˵ͷ̾˿ˣ򲻵̷ۣιιʱ䡣ϣʳճɺһ㡣
ҶǲܵģֻԽԽӡ÷÷벻Ĺн׼Ϊʳοƣ
뵽Ҷҵٶȶˡ

壬ҶʵΣһѧ˷۱ϸϸؽԭ
̨µѧרעţֱֱͦģʼǡ
ʦĿοܶûôʦĿһҪǵ¾Ͱˣ
κҶ˼ʵʵĺ
Ҷͳ˶ʮǮһطϡҶ㲻ʦɶֻǿǮСջĿ⡣
ҶЦеʡʱ䣬ǴҲ˺ܶ໵ø޲˵ıɣ
ҵͷ
Ҷͳһֻõòֱ˵ıоĳЩ׻ˣôŬ޷޺á
Ҷ𿪣ѩؿı̻ˡоˣ̻˵νоһֱֻҪĲ֣ĳ̶ֳȹ⿿û취޺á
ֱѩ˿϶ֱܾ˵޲ˡȻû֪֮Ҳࡣ
̶ֱֳʵѾ൱һѷϾǾģǰõϾվԻëǮ
Ҷ˵ıǾͰպûĳ̶ȣһ顢Ǯʦ
ҶѶʮǮָЩѧֵÿһ顣
ѩŵֱҡͷǸɶ޲á
ôǮⲻǱ˼ô
ҶԴ˵صȥգһͺã˼Ը
ĩң֪ɣ
⼸ѾѰַھһʱıشˣܶ˶Ըǡ
һñѶȲ󣬶̶̵һĩѩյñ
һǹԹԵѧУõıҶ
Ҷı⡣ȺҲɵģһúܣյıȷƷվĺöˡ
Ҷڰ칫һǲ𿪣Լѧһá»ӡĿΣȫɵˡ
ֱǲ޲أǵġ
ҶĵȡߣЩһоǡ׸ǡ桢ָ룬ó޲СĲĻҳȥ⡢ͣÿõøɸɾҶ˺õװһֻõıϡ
ҶϸװСʱСװһŤŤָδδת
ʦ޺ˣ˵ֵֻǮ
еıõøɸɾȻһ£
ĸѧۡһ쳣Ĺʡ
һֻ飬ЩñֻмǮĳɱǵĺʱ
ҶѧԴǿɫƷ֪ʶЩǾܡأÿһֻǹͬ־ѪǵˮƽܵͣʡʡЩֱӰٻ̵ҪѲƣÿͥ˵һʲƵĿ֧
ܹԼѧ֪ʶѷãǸͬ־ҴԴ
ҶⷬѴһһһ㶵ģûѪڣ۾ȡ
ͬʱʦҲ꼶кܶõĺӣΪѧѣѧʦһ֧Сӣĩʱ䣬µĶֱӯǮЩѧԸ𣿡
ѩƶѧﻹв׵ġۿȣҲܵһԱ֣ʦ̽ңҪѧ
ңҲҪ
Ը룡
ҶЦеع𴽣ǵͷĬĬ붼һȺúӡ
ѧҶֱĺֶ̨һ廨⣬һ󼤶
Ҷҵ̲ס򿪿ֶһסգҶȥ͡ƾһӦ̴ô»̨֪ض͡
ҶϵŬŵĺ̨·ƵģʽԴԴϵӡҶ·ӳƶūҡһ䣬һԾΪԸĸ
ǰһµ˼٣ʽصӱ
ǰһ죬ǰҶкй£ϲҶ׼ķҶǰ仰˫ۼֱ޷Ƶط
ѧҶЦݵصһƿ߼۾ơ
һƿ߼۾ư˿ëǮҶҲûۣظǮؼҴһ٣Լ
Ժ
Ҷصҿĵȡһ廨ùһﶫ⣬׾Ƶ
ǳǳҪ˵ʮɶƫƫƵĹһ㶼Ĵ˹ƣµķͣûɶĲ
Ҷ߳⣬ߺȾƣһСƿƸоǰδеɡ
Ͷױȵ㣡＾֦ͷ㴼Ĺʵҧһġ
°˼Ժ׬ôһ˼˼ҹ֪ľƿѾˡʮңҶֹǰˡ
ǰ÷·ƽʱ̫һ55ʽľװ׺ǡ·ƽƽñµüȥһʽ÷·Ӵģѵף¶ʳ
Ҷȥᣬûкζƽʱѵģϻµķζ
ǰָ˶ûÿŦۡ
Ҷ쵽ĲϣҰ㡢Ұ㡣
ʱҶǰ·˸Ƶģôô˳ۡʵƹ¸߸ߵı΢΢͹ĺᣬĴȡƽʱôûֹǰô˧
ǰסҶððʧʧˣüʡ˶پƣ
ҶָȻţ˿ࡰƿDDûҺҾˡ
˵˸ã˫һЩ˵Ŀȫˣһҧȥ׹ǰ
ҰҰɵ죬ζ
ǰϿ˵ľƿ̫Ѩֹסسʹ⡭ֹƿ
ǰû뵽Ҷ˽»ġ˵ģҶǺȺͿˣòƿҶִһǣǰ˵ԼûʹϾ
ҶءһطŻ𣬱ױ߿Źǰɧƪ˶޷

ڶ峿֦ͷؽţҶѹ
Ӳֱۺϣ˯ճ೤ҶȻɵۣϽסӺŲ˼硣
ǰоҲѣڵۻ
ҶԼ߲ӼҪֹͣˡҭã͵ؿԡԲDDҲġ


20 
ҶһõΡԹǰֶ, ǸǾǳȡһ࣬ˬҶ˲, ˼Ρ
ĹǰˣŰ׳, ָؽӡҿñüۡ³Ӳļ⣬۵Ҷ۾Ž
û뵽⣬ȻģҶش˸
ҶûǹԹǰºˡⶼԽ, ³
Բ𣿡ǰü΢΢š, ҶĻظһ顣
Ӵͷȡ˿, ʮ, 봺𴲺ʮӡƽʱĹǰ׼ʱ, ʮӡ
Ҷͷ, ڸĳʹ˵˵ġ
ҳ·, 뿪˱ѡһƬңûĶˮѾֵ̡ذ, ƿڵϡǰϧ黩صһ, ѧҵҲŤŤ
ԼԼܡӡӣʲô£Ҷ̲סۣ۾װʧ˶С
ǰ·Ҷļ, ȥϴ
ҶġɬŤ, ǰԵþȡ緢Ʊŵֻӡ
ǰڵȴŵһӳ¯ʱϵ˸к
ǰɶ, ܺá
㿴˶һˣС
ӴʲôӣȻˡ
Ȼӵʳб֤ϡʳԾܳԵõǰּľˣݶÿҲֻһ⡣ֻһ¶ٳˡ
ǰؼң¯ӻţһƬڵů⡣ϰĹǰѵףֻʣһ׵
ȡ棬˵ˣͲµˮ档ůﵹˮ龫
վڴ̨ߵǵӰӣϡʳյ÷ס
ûӣƼݡǰıӰͦݵģʵǴ⡣һµˣҲûʧӲͭǽڡ
ҶĶӹؽһþòջĿ⡣
Ҳ֪Ĳ
ϰڵ桢ֻ龫ɢʳζ
ƽʱûôʢʱǰĸͷżԣֵԸͷ죬Ҷѹ͡
ʱճӳð׻ģֺرȭͷ󡣰ӺűˮƤ;ʳõϺʵڣҧһھ̵֭ܳóԵҶ˫ֱ
ó𣿡ǰʡ
һҶ֪ˣ˵ӵʦǰǹӪĳʦ⽬ӺܺóԣжʮĹǰӣǵľȥһٰӡ
ʳȱӱˡ½ķޣҪǰһϲٲʦİӡ
Ҷͷҧ˼ڰӡ֪ǲǺܾöûԹʲôöԵʣټİҶϲһ  ˡ
ˣҶһγӵζ
һֻ㹻ҶӹĹĵطͣûԼҲԲˡϾʳ󡢲˷ѣҶ׼û÷װȥѧУ緹ԡ
ֻǰԼ棬Ҷʣ·һҲĿˮ
Ҷʱľֹ࣬û˵ó
ͣǰ֦ȥѵ

һС
Ҷѧõ˼黵÷ѧʱԼר־ʱصѧԱ߹Ħ
ʮֻҶĲװ΢ޡࡢ飬õֻߵıʣµֱֻҲȫûãϻкܶûҶЩԺ󻹻;
ҶѶֱһһ飬߹⡣
ǵĹ˾ȽϿԣЩѩ
ؼʰְ֣尢ûҪʮǮͿһֻ
ѩͷս˵ʮǮǶʮ飬ѩҲкܶ
һֻ±ϰٿǮʮ֮һļ۸򵽶ֱǳ㡣οʦ⡢׹⴦󣬶ֱµĿ𲢲
ǻջֻ˶ʮ飬ʮһֻȥмܲʮһеĳѧѲʮǮʦ̶̼Ͱѧѧ׬ˡ
ѩﵽˡ
Ҷޱʱڰ칫ңûдڡѧʦʦΪҶֻǰĥУû뵽ȻĥһƵ·ӡ
½ʦæ˵ȵСգԸҿ𣿡
Ȼ½ʦôʦûӵйһֱѱõǰϸֲ˲ûɶëʱߵͦ׼ġ
Ҫã˾Ǽ񵽴ˡҶ˾һУ˭Ҳܿͬ²ǣ
ôһ½ʦϵشӶͳʮǮҶ
һҵģչչʦ⡣
ѱԽԽ⣬лʦֽͰ͹ӵҲõϱˡ
ͬһ칫ҵˣԾջĿ⡣Ҷ죬ѧУʦ׬Ǯʲô
ҶҡҡͷԴǵؾɲҵ⡣
ȻڴͶѣԶ̧ʳ۸гΪһֻССıƲڳﾭũ룬̯ԼũƷ
ҶҪµʶɹʹƣ˭Ҳ붯ҡ
ҶԵͬѧǣЦе˵ǵġ⡯
ǰѽַھӻıװɺõֱٵͼתȥֱ׬Ǯ޳вЩҾѵͬѧҲ顣
ֻǴ˸ãɲǵĹͣ
½ʦ˫Եеɵģɶϲѧͬѧ
Ҷ˵ͷѧǰмͬѧѧˣЩӿ˺ʹģΪ顣ҪŪˮͷŪ³̳
½ʦųĬıȻܲζ
һԵĺʦ˺ܸȤ˵ʦԭ£ǺѽûҪҰæĵطһ岻ݴǣ
Ҷͷ˺ʦŵͶҪײҪ
ѩűȺģǲһ򵥵ıǺܶ˵ϣ

ѩ޺õֱؼҸѩ֣ʦ뷨
ѩְˣɵظ̾ʦˣҲǿ
֪ʱŮʲô£ɲѰֱ⼸ֱֻһֻѩֻӡⲻǰѩһһǮģ
Ҫ֪ǿѾ˺üˣ̫һֱûӣҲûȥƷվա˵ñܻһǮؾˡ
û뵽ʦôַﶼ޺á
ѩϸűְְһʣ϶кܶԸ򡣡
ѩֻûе죬ȥͬ¼ҹ˹䣬ͳֱָֻ˵ֱʮǮһֻǰҴ˭ֱ
ѩһ˵ˣ˾һʮǮһֱֻǰײ˼ۣɱҪˣ
ô˵ĺ£
Һɵؿѩ֣ⲻ߻ɣתһ߻Ҳڼ̶ֳȣֱƵġ߻Ҫ۸˽˶Ҫˡ
ѩּͬ»ɵ˵Ůʦû˵ֱװõģñˡǲҾˣˡ
æסеص˵ϵ·𣬻ʲôѽ㿴Ǽʲ
߻۸ҲҪˣǱ˰̫չЩѵĹͬ־ˡ


21 
ѩֵʮ齻Ů,õѧУʦɣġֽǮ֡
ҪǼѣѩֶһֻ,ѽʦ˺ܿɿ޵ֱ϶û˵
ѩӰְӹŴŵµĴʮ,ְֵƴֲڣ沼˺ļӡ
ȻڳﵱԱҪҺڣôһ᲻ѩа¾,ҪŬʦѧ±,һҪְһֱ

ա
Ҷκ,ѩϽ̨
Ӷ˼ŴʮݸҶ,˵ʦŪıȫȥ,ʮ˻ɣ
ҶѩԴ,Цеذʮͬʮһ𽻸ѩ
ˣ͵ʦǵĳʼͶʽָͬѧ,Ҽձɣ
ʮ൱ʦһµĹʣǮ١
ѩоĳ,æҡҡͷ,ôҪأʦٹǣҲʦԼǡ
ǿҶ˵ŰɣԺ׬ǮٻҲ١
ѩӹǮһͬѧǺúģ
ѩѸ׵ĻתҶʦ,ҰְΪǵֱ̫,˵ʮ鶼û⡣
Ҷѩͷû˵ֻһ,С㻹Եĸӡ
ʮļ۸ҶǶµġһҵž޴ķգҪķѺܴľȥά֡˼˵ʱаٷ֮ʮգаٷ֮ٵҼ̤˼һзɡ
׬һٿ顢׬ٿ飬òгϳִķƷҶֻܸɴԴͷϰЩ߱˵·ñͶ·
һ˵һǳ׬ǮѧǾ᱾ĩòʧˡҶɲó˵ĽǮѬЩ硣ԾͲóȥȻȴܱ֤þãԴԴϡ
Ҷýͣɴװ˸ƣĳضѩ˵
Ȼôࡣֻÿ²ܹ⿼Ǯ⣬ҪӳԳֱġӰȡ֮е׬ǮĿġ
ܹõͬѧܹΪҽʡԴܹԼܾѾܺˡ
һȴѩµˡã̧ͷٿҶʱѾĽ
²ܹ⿼Ǯ⣬ҪӳԳֱġ仰˵ãѩ仰
ʦľֱɹ˸жľѾߵҪѩĵزָж˽ľѩֻպȻһ궼·ܵϴӡ
Ҷµѩһ˽뿪˽ҡ
Ҷεֱ䵯Ļȴһ˲ը
Цˣٴţ
иϴԵǱ
Ҿһؿ˵ŲҪĻľӰȡ֮еѧ
Ҷõػص칫ң½ʦѾǿɫĸֱ
Դ½ʦӵֱ֮ۺʱεءڸʲô£½ʦʱʱֱ
ЯһԱڲʡٵˣûϿʱ䡱½ʦվش𣬶̶һȫУʦ֪һֱ
½ʦҶϿλش˸кʦкöʦ㡣
ҶΧΧ˺üʦ
ƵĿ⿴ҶһؽӹҵһƴظΣһݲˮһĦ
˸ڴСգ˵ѧڵķֱ
ûǼеسҶüŪۡ
½ʦֱͺܺãҶǾɵġģһʦĴָ
ֺŪ츣ѽǰôû֣Сôôаģ
ڶĲʺƨҶЩһ죬һź˵ˣʣµĿˡ
ʲô½ʦ˵С˴𣿡
ôˣ
źʹĴȣֻԼ̫ᡣ
ǰȫġֱˣȴˡĴȶԱĵź
ҶһĻﻹͦõġֱ··ⲻ
ֻ΢һᣬɼȻƶжݳƷġ
ʦһñȺ壬ǵʱǿϿ¿ζҪʱ䡣ûбʦԵúΣܵʱʱͬѯʱ䡣±ýʳһ꣬±ʡǮȥ򼸽ס⣬
ʦȺʸߣĺöҪгҶĺǵһѪ̣
Ҷű˸ݵĲˮɤ
ұ𼱣Ȼһˣ´˱һǡ
ҶĻ䣬ʦǺȻϲһ߬֡ļ
ǸãСգлˣ
Ҷϵһ˫˫֣ƵĵۡҶµشӳȡһֽҪʦһǼЩʦ뿪
Сĵջߡ
ҶڵĶֱ飬֪ˡձҵãֻһµĹʣȻûֱ㹤ĵһʡԼǮҶֱʡ½顣
뵽Ҫһ۵ЩΪ顣
ҲȥҶǶֱһͱ޺޵ͣˡεӡ
˵ʦ£Ǻ£֧Ҳǰѧ
۴ȥһֻµĶֱ
˲󽲾¾ɣҲСꡢ꣬첹ꡱ˵һӶֵܽͬų󡣺οһ鿴ɵֱ
ʵݲӲ

һߡ
ѧõҶʮĳʼʽִ߽ѾӼܱȫУ½½յ˼ʮ黵ֱ
ǰѻıÿѧβо˾ɱֱӺ٣ֱ÷ơϺƣͬǷ滻
һܺʦָ鷭ºʮֱֻҶһֻֻزЩܡȷûëҶŰһָ칫ҵʦǡ
ʦǵһȴĹ˿ͣӳֱС¡
һֻֻءµֱǵϣȻ̵±ƺͰװǱ࣬øɸɾͨûһ⣬±𲢲
ʦǮ͵ĸԸ֮һĹ˵͸˱ϣ±Ƶġ
ҶͺʦЦǮ
һŴʮǵѧǵĳʼʽӸտʼĶʮʮع˰ʮһ١ȺĳƱ˵£ʦųƱʱûϹۡ
ʦÿ¸ַѧУĹʣ߬ǮˣҶͼѧ׬ĳƱʱࡰǿܸɰ
⻹һʦһȺѧ׬Ǯʱһ£˵һɴ˺գԼ缸׬Ǯ
ǮҶѹûԺˣֹǰһ㡣
ЩֵӲƷܻӭַµҵñݡ
רĵдһС棬ݹƺԱҾʹõġǸšĵġ
ȻȥˣҶΪҪЩβĹDDǺۺ񡣡Ǹš
һȺװµĶֱǵĳԼѧ֪ʶرᣬĿһƶѧĺӣΪʲô£ֻµĶֱ
ʮӡʦѪϡıһ֮ڳë뵽һа칫ϵǡǵķ±ʾ֧֣Ը֪ߵѣڻղҪķֱÿֻһԪǮɺ񰮣ʤм
Ҷ뷨ĲƷؼۺ
Ǿ鲻㣬װֱëëţ覴áΪֲⷽȱݣҶд⡰Ǹš
ĩβҶ˵СĻ˿ˡշҲǸǼѹͣһĺӶϺҰȥվɱࡣ
ҶһΣǱСӰҰʡҪǴУź˿»Ϊֵؤ
ʦ곮ƱӹҶܳСֽţֱʱʸǣس
ʦԽԽҶ̫оͷˣҪȥˣָ׬һǸдãҪֱһֺģʮǮһֻۣȻޱķ
ٻ̵ֱûôõĴ
ҶѧһҲޱޱѧͽԭССֵ飬ҶôһŪģˡ
ʦ̾ͬʱһθ̾õʱָҶһŸƸԾ򲻾һдҪȥʲôССУ츣Ǳߵѧʦˣ
ʦ߳ųţʮСֽݸʦ
СܣæһּЩҪд֡ѧǵҪã˵ǾŪڶֱˡ

ѧŬһ˵ڶֱ˶ʮֻʮֻҶĴʮڴչʮšǮһΪһݸѩ
ȥѧͬѧһһˡ
Ǯݵǵҵҵһ»ѧ׷׿ԼͶǮŮ¶ЦݣкӸ˵һԾ
̲סȣһ룬һδεزţֱۼǮơ
ôǮ׬
Լܿ˫ôǮ150ƽÿ30飬Ҫǳȥϸѧѧϰʱ䣬㴿ͶʱҲһ£
֪ĺмѣ˵һʪ۾Ͱ͵ؿҶ
ѩӹǮʦһȥɣ
ҶͷӦˡ
ѧҶԼġ֡Ĺʽ150㹻15ѧطУ԰ıҲͦҪģҶӦûܶʳ
ʱҶĵĴˣ֪϶ʳҲŲ鿴
˿Ҷֿһ̶̵ۣһ֮䣬ɢ˲ֱĵʱ档
Ҷˡ
̨100ʴףʮ廨⣬һﻨͣ
պľϸ۸һʴĿǮһ廨ſǮһﻨʮǮһ˾׬500Ǯ
ЩʳҶ·ӵһʮ
ΪܣҶҲڼлġ
ſαҵŸһ·߳У԰

ѩҶĶԻ˵꣬1ͬѧĿ৵ǵϡ
Ҷûаκˣʵʱܶ÷˼˳ĳɹв𺳣Ծؿǡ
ƽʱƲͨͨСȻʦһɳ£
ʦ̽ҰɣҲ빱һ
ʦʦҲҪ
ѧһؾ֣


22 
ҶصԺ, дšʮ֡Ͷѡ£ҪСĽҪ˳
Ҷ, һдصı磬һдУ
ڸ, ҶһȺƾԼ˫Ͷÿʱ׬Ǯѵͬѧĺ˺¡
±͵͵Ѻȫˣ˶֪ͷԿ˭ȥ
Ҷɲʵˡ
Ҷְ͵˱ſڡ
ձӵ˺µͶ, ǳȤرֽרſճ֡Ϊ񡱡ѧϰ׷桱Ƚ¼༭ͬ־յź, ˼
ļ߶, ²˵һ£ȥϵλʦ, ԸԸרá
ƽʱ˺¡Ƚ񡱰濯ǵĶѧʰͬ־Ϊָ꼯ԸӰࡢΪȼƲͬ־ƶѧͷһء
ͷѵ, ˹ҵ, СרѧѧѲȫ⣬ÿ»ʮǮĲǻʳѡȫĿ⿴, ȴ˶ͯĽ
ʵѵĺСѧжûꡣ
ܿ, Ҷӵ˼ͬ־Ĳɷ, ͼԼĩʱ䡣

ĩ
ҶԼ⡰ơʱ䣬ѧִ߽һҷáǶļߵĵе֡
ļЦЦڱ繤ģͺʦһһˡ
ļ
סһϾɵͲ¥ĸ˫˫ȥ, ͵үүڽӵ÷, ѶաүүȥñͲԣļͥѩϼ˪, µѧؼҽӵá
ҪطУ԰үү̲ţҶ֤ǮͳʮŴʮ
㿴Ǯ֤޶пϸСרԺɲܳͷˣ
רҵˣͲô࣬ܳԹҵĹʣѽ
˼ứس޵Ϻӡ
Ҷûȥֻðͷƫһߡļ߰10ƽסƾɵļһֳطʯȥǮƬ
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ǮСɵĸĸ׼Ů˵ףҪǮС»ѧУ飬ֱҡͷԡΪﺢ̫࣬ǮСɵİְҪʮʳ
ʦǼӣҪǶ˷ԲˣǮСĸ˵˵ϱҲҪǮ
Ǹƹһƣ˵Ҫȥ飿УôʳҾȥ
Ҷֱ²ۣƲӵʱڣ˭һͳôʳ
һʳͰѻĹˣô˳ݺ
ͬѧ˶ΪǮСһѺǵǵؿҶ
Ҷ˵ͬ־ǲ˽⻪ķɣŮδʮ겻ܽ顣Сɲʮ꣬ķġ
ļߵͷ͵ڱ繤ģһᾡرԺǮͬ־ĹȽ쵼ɾҪǿˡ
Ǯֵ׻Źˣ仰ʵˡ
ѻȫŮϣƿڴŸɶҹȥɻȥϰǮ
ѩҶ۰Ͱ͵ؿʦСɰɣ
࣬ѩҲкܶຢӣְȴûбѧΪѧѵƴɻ֮£ǮСɶôң
ǮСȥѾѧҶѧҶܲԹۡ
ҶǮС˳ȥض˵İְ趼סСɸҪΪԼ㡣ʦ˵ŮһҪ飬г·һȥѧУϿΰɣѧѡαǶ׼ˡ
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ҶȺȺģȺӵͷһ·Це˵
ؼҰɣ¶ǱģʦĲӾͿԣǻȥдҵдҵ棬¶ȥССͱôࡣллټ
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ʦҲ󣬵һаȫУ·ʲôòġ
ҶЦеĿͺ뿪Լʵֺա
Ҷ뷨ǴԼְҵܹ׬ʳ쿴ѧһֳ˳Լ֣װ׶ʮס
׬ʳܰˣָоҲ
ļһҶˣ˵ллСʦθ˺ܶϡлһдƪǡֱı
ҶæӦǵңͬ־ɷã´ֱȥһеĽʦ칫ҡ

ҶǷֱ󣬴ӱͳһ·Ьӣװ绻˸ģ
ҶѧʱǻرˣԪȦҲȦһȫûѹ
ͳһͷסͷëɵüëճüϡҶͳСӣ̿΢һݣͷסһף·ϼľڽϡ
ҶûȥУƵĳͣ
Ҷۼطв׼ŮʿŮʿһ˫ƤЬֻƤżȴɣһ糾͵ģ
ͬ־Ҫ𣿡
ҶΡΡؽסŮʿ˵ʮëһ갳뿪
ʮף
仰Ůʿͣ·߲ˡ
ʮףһʲôôĴףһ궼óûϸˡƽʱҪŪһ׶ףϴηŮʿŪ㸻ǿ۹껹үү̣бݵĹϵǿŪ︻ǿۡ
ŮʿĿбӣ̵߽һ谵Сӡ
ôףɵʡ
ɳƵ˵ǮϾСֶӱ
֤ȫ۴ɽԼġ
һ̷ŮʿɡӡڰУ˼벻ͣؽżҵĶ
˵ôǮûУȵȣһؼȥһա
СʱϻסҶ֣ǧˣǮȫҪˣ
Ůʿ˵Ⱦܡ
صҷѹ׵Ǯȥֻյһٶʮ飬̶˴ۣ뵽ȥȡǮˣŮʿͬµĴš
Ůʿе˵ĥǮܲܽʮ飿
ʮҲǰµĹʣҶھӼͬ£ŮʿƷŵùģŮ˱ŴʮŮʿ編ƣңڴչһʮ顣
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סĶȣҪˣЦƵģ
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ҶӵеĴ̫࣬ÿȶҪܶϣǵԺӵиĴףܺҲǸ¶̫ܵƵۣ
һγִĴرۣҶװ
Ůʿ򿪴ӿ˿ζƮҸÿҪϢ
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˼˷ŮʿʡɶѽزأҪҪһࣿ
Ůʿˬػءزأһѣ׼Լֵ˳ԡ
ȷʵŪ˵˳ԣͷʳ̫Ѹˡĥ㷨ӣ⿿ҽʳǲеġ

Ҷͷ˼ȦŻصԺ
صҵ˵ԼǮʮŴʮźһԪƱŵ£ȺģÿһŶɢ̤ʵζ
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ҶǮ˹
һͷ˿ϵ棬Ǵᣬǰҿͷ˿϶ϵҶ϶֪
Ҷһ廨һѼһѼѪõѼɿ飬¹ϴһ飬ýƬͰ׾ȥζ
Ҷ°׾Ƶʱ̲סᣬ㣡ɵϴĸ߼۾ƣǸζȷę́ҲֻҶݳ޵غȵþˡ
׾ƽȥ˺桢ĢذѼСʱתСкõѼѪ
ζƸܰ˶Ĳ涼
ǰֻͷؼңûžᵽζ
Ҷͷǰ·մңȫˮʪ͸ˣͷ˿źˮ˳һ·¡ѵף¶ʱġ
ϴүְ׹ӣϸȤƵģϽż⣬ճÿһ龫װĸҶһۻˡ
ҶҪȱӪһ׼±Ѫ֡
ԴϴιҶȫŷˡоƽⶼߵųˣ԰ײԡ
Ҷǰ˦˸ɫȥϴҽ׽Ѽӡ
ǰһѺû뵽ϱչҧһĲӣǰɫȻһͷȡ˸ɾ·ȥϴˡ


23 
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ѼѪһʴζ, þ, Ѽⱻ, Ƥ۵һ˱ơ
ǰԵú, Ѽ
ҶܿԱ, ˰ѹǰïܵķ˿ʪ, һҲˡ
ǳֱļȳ, һҲЩͷֲ, Ӳļ·̲ſµ
ҶԽҲˣôһɫߣ̵סοǰ廹׼زҶϡ
Ҷ۾ȣ˿ڹǰŲЦı
ǰһû꣬ͱϱû, ʲô
ñҶ, ʱ仹硣ǰҶ˺ˡ
ҶЦһ, źá
зԶʽ
Ѿҹˣǰ۱Ϊ˲ӰϢɵšüˡ
ҶصزըѤõ̧̻Ĵָ
ܶԼپͶԼ٣һԺԲզ죿
Ҷһҧ˹ǰĲӣ
ǰ̵סƺһǸ˶̲ס

ڶ죬ҶȥѧУʱ˫ȶ̲ס£ɫ׵ڰ칫ңЪϢ˰Żָ
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Ҳ֪ȥŪ⽬ӣ϶ûˣǴҶϲӡ뵽ǰùʸսѻģҶİһ˿˿ζ
÷÷ڿμʱҶҶһŴʮҶֻ
÷÷ʱȻȴǳʡƽʱײݳƷ
˵ҶŪʮǮ۱һ顣
ҶӹǮ˱˺÷÷֡÷÷Це˵Ҳ֧֧ǵҵˡ
ʦӹ⣬ҡҡͷȤ˵÷÷Ͳ֪ˣǵֱŶӵű˶ȥˡ
Ȼһ£Ҳ㣬ǰͷĻʮˡ
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ʮʲôʮǮһֻʮֻٿ飡֮ǰΪҶŪķ±ֻССֶѣû뵽Ȼôܻӭ÷÷΢붼ò˼顣
ûϵҶܸɳһ¡
ҶЦظ÷÷һ裬ģʦϹ˵ۻýԼҪǱˣͷҵһø㡣
ĩЭһѧͬѧЩʧѧС½½صУ԰Ⱥѧ־ǵʱ˽°ʹֻҪѧʹһɻ
ûãҶյһװºõֱ
Ҷһֱֻֻ͵˹ߵһƯСֽҲֱݵС
ƱˮҶϣһԪɽԪʮԪëƱ˷ĺʦԽԽ
ʦ۾Ҫˣҵ˵ԲԣһΡ
ʦϾǽĵģԼӼļƽʱΪƷлǮ˵ĺʦһǮ
칫ҵ˶ڿҪǺʦޱȵĴ˿»Ϊǹġ
һǮŸ
һĻֱشʹڳ˵ġ
ҡҡͷǮ˹صɡ
һΣֽܿҵĿ˸1032Ԫ
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˶ֵȷһκ˶Ժ˶ԣ
˵ʵʦô껹ûôһǮ
Ʊӵؿ˺ʦһۣƽ͵˵
ʦæ˰֣˲ˣ㡣
ҶһĻҡͷЦЦʦʱһĸ˽»Ǹȡ
ʦһĻرסˣﵹһֱȻôǮ
۲˼ؿԼıССĶôǮ
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÷÷ӳȡžܳСֽɺܶλʦܳģ˭Ưʦ׽˭Сֽ
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һĻԾ˵ˡ1032Ԫʲôһʦ궼׬ĹʣҶǽ˲һ±׬ˡ
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Ҫ˼۸񣬿»ø࣡
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ֱܹŵλݣʵʵ;۶սʡԼһ꣬ҲҪһοǱ˵Ķֱ
һֻ±ҪСʱѧÿÿһ顣ھͷϣʮ˽ϣҪһھܴЩƸʱǵġάСӡӭ۷塣
Ҷһǧ۳ѧѧѡѣʣµǮ㡣
˵пԤֱ֧롢ɱһ㣬±ҪĿ֣ʣĴ
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Ҷ˵ȥǱ߸ǽѧѣͷŪ³̳ÿ°֧ϸ
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뽥ر࣬ǮðĺӴʣҶǮ˺ʦ㡣ͷٰѲϸ׼ܡļܡ
ʦʡ㲻ǮҼǵѧѧͦõġ
ƸԾ֣㶼˵ˮƽܸߡ
ҶЦЦĺʦļ˵Ǿ͹ˡˡ

Ҷȥʹظʮͬѧѧѣѽѧѵƾһһ˺ӣЩӲſԼˡ
ǮССĵذƾݴмضҶ˵ллʦ
ͷ߬ȭͷ˵ллʦ
ۿȵģǿѧվݣ̲סһᣬǲŻôһ졣
Ҷ΢΢ЦŶԼ˵ǴҹͬŬһҪú飬ҪҶĸ
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ѩΪ۾ˣһ˫ÿĴָ۵˺ۡȺģлңʦġ
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Ҷһʵκ󣬳СʱԭұģˣҲվˡ
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߳ѧУҪؼʱУſڿһĨ̵֦Ӱӡ
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ŮͬǱʾʦԺɵӽ㣬ӣôС˶졣
ҶԡʦѧĿ⣬ӲͷƤ˹ǰĵ
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ǰƽ˵ûѵïյĳӽ㣬𣿡
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ҡСġϸױ紵ˡ

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Ůɢӣ𾪺ɡҶô׬ôǮ˵һ꣬ǲԲȶ
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ǰ˽Ҳĺ͹ǰʾùϹƵĲ飬عͷȴһĶȲũŮ˺áҶóƢ󣬵С͸¹ǰǰȻһҲ
統ѡҦ꣡ҲôҦ겻Ҷˡ
Ļصɴ۾·ʲô˵Ļ
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УҲ֧أͶѲǡǡʾ֭˰죬աڻ桢׹תֶλȡ1
˻˵㲻ͶѣҲǲġҶɣһȺѧ׬ǮʲôǮˡ
ֹô׬ǮĻɵϲͣˡ
һǧ㣬Ҳ˵ԼĶ


24 
ĩ, ѩԺҶҶһĶ
ѩûнԺȨޣֻھԺſڵҶ
ſվڵʿѩ˵ҹӪİҶ𣿵һ, Ҵ绰սʿȥͨһ
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ѹʦ˼뾳ôߣѩ롣
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ѩ˵СͳһǮһӣƱ, Ҳд
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ϴѩ˶ʮ, ϴñѾС, ºҷֱʹ, ֱʱߵú׼ûа, òˡ
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ҶǮ󣬶ű৵ؿ˷ƱʮŷƱһѩ֡
ѩֽӹһСֽƵķƱ, ʡզŪôʽ
ҶЦŵͷ, ӦõġһһƱҪúЩ, ԺҪƾŷƱά˻ǰķƱҲˣ鷳һˡ
ҪҶԼģѩԹļƣһݹʡ
ֻϧǡ
ѩŷƱϸؿһ飬ǴдʰԲƱǡһɫǵҲǡһɫ̱Ȼһ
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ҪܹԴԴϵȥжֲѩֹ׬ǮٶȣӺȻˡԪʡҡҡͷϽ˵뷨׵Ժ
Ҷѩ֡ҪǳĹͬ־л˲õıҲǡ
ѩæصͷǵϣǶõġ
ϾдСĵֽһݡ

뿪Ժ͸߰
˫˫ɣòᡭ˵Ǵ󻰰ɣ
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һһеʦѯʣȻ˵ǺϡǸһеʦԭԭذҶô׬Ǯô̺ӼĹȫг
߰ԽüͷԽ壬Ҷȥһеʦ֪ϧȻ뵢ѧ
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߰ҵнίͬ־˵ҷһʦְ֮㣬ɿѧ·Ƿľûѧζˣ׬Ǯ
һǮǮ˱˵ıװһ֮һֻʮǮѾ׬һǧ顣˵ѧ͸ѧϰôǮۣ˰װأ
һǧһ֣нίͬ־Ҳһ
ίԬͬ־˱࣬ģһǳصΥΪͬ־ȥһô¡
壬Ԭͬ־ͬһе顣
Ԭͬ־һЩѧؽһ١
ǻѧôЩ£Ǳʦ˶ֱ֪Ǻģֱȴǻ£ϸ˵Ͷѡ
ѧ磬·ѾŪ˷ʲô¡
ѩҡҡͷĻģҲ˵ʦ
ǮСɵͷԬͬ־ӣ˽⣬ܼѧʦ
ȺӿȥͲ󣬵վƶԬͬ־ߣ͵ĺӣ£¶ԵһͥΡԬͬ־һ۲֪ʲôʱΧסѧ¼ŭǺЦ
˵֪ʲôҥԣ˵ĻʦҲûеľľĩʲô飬ʦɡ
һеУ֪ʲôʱˣһĻɫԵͬ־˵ȥȺӿǵʲô°ɡ
Сͬ־߳ŭԬͬ־ȤӦãȥ
ĩѩнίͬ־һҷá
ǲʮƽƾɵļңͽıڣ˼ſڽŹѵط첹СľͷǮСɵĸĸŸôŮȥףƾɵ߷һԲصĸĸ
ѩָָһߣֻһȺѧӣҰ˼ҵšԶԶؿǵıڸ˼Ǹ
ѩӶȥŵ˼Ҿ˸Ӽ·˴ֱ
иѧɵؽֻ͡л˷ľɱǲóµĶֱȥֱȫЩӹġ
ѩְֺͬǿһĻļ˵ЦؼȺӵĶ顣СǶӶ͵ĺеߡ
ֿЦݸҪǮƵģָдֵСֽǵԽԽࡣû˾òԾָǴµǡͶѡ
ãи̲ΡΡ߹ѻòŵıȡŵǵ
ѩְָЩ֮شӶͳµֱַͬ¡
ͬǰһųƱݵĳƱԽԽ࣬һǮػصص˰졣˿Ųɵۺ졢Ľ
˵ЩˡҪƻѧУֱʹĵæ׷Щˣָ
ǾϹڣվ˵ۣҼҽжûѧˣѧУǽѶ顢αÿ»ǼǮĲЩǮѵǴģ
֪ʦ±ҵһȥѧȥæ»¶ȥˣǲܡǹЩ£ŪǸѶ顢ÿ²𣿡
һѵЩнίͬ־Ӳ̫ҵסǺҶʦһȺ׬Ǯѧѣ
ѩһѺ˵ÿܶշϾɵֱ¿Ҳۣ¶µʲô֪𣿡
顣Ҫбĳ·˭ӣʦһ·ӣǺܶ˲ʦԼһǮûõģľѽޱҲǣҶԸɻôͶˣ
ѩֲ˲ŬŬѩ˵㻰ࡣ
ЦЦͬ־˵ǶŬأǴҲ˲æֻҪпվոɶģǼҳ֧ǵġ
ѩǴȺͬ־صѧУվѧУСڰǰϸ¡ɫĲϸ
˶ֻ׬˶ǮĶ涼дССһȴôѧĺӣ֮ǰģʦѧıȡ
Щȫȫ˵ϣѧϡнίͬ־òࡣ
ѧǴʰһֻֻľɱиѧƶ˵˫ǮǲʲôġΥġǷƷʦ˵ǸҴԴ
߰ҲУûţ͵͵뿪Ⱥ


25 ȫ
ѧнίͬ־ȥ˼ͬʱ,ҶʼٸߡҲͬ־һ硣
˫۾
Ҷ֭΢Цʡͬ־ҿԻȥ𣿡
ҶһҲ,ǱǰˡҶǰʹ£׼,Ųæ
ͬ־ʡͬ־Բģǲ֪
ҶԴǵ˵ңĳ˾һŵ͹ң͵¡
ίͬ־ʡְ֮ɿѧ·ǷӪ,ҽѧDD
Ҷӻͳֻͬ־,һ˵ûе¡
˵ĵһ,ͬ־԰ȥ֡
Ҷһݵ˵ǿѧεʦ,ʱѧһЩСܡǸѧֱ
˵ʵ,ҲǱƵɽˮĵز,ûа취İȻһúõʦ,αȥֺõĻأһǮûнҵĿڴͼɶǣ
Ҷǿҵصһֽίͬ־չһ,ԭǽѡѧѵ嵥ƾ,ҪҳдСֽDDյɫ196002Բ
Ȼ࣬ССƾݵӣһµ֧ȻߴＸԪ
سһ
Ҷ̾˿ӰͳһѶļĩʱĵƬҶǵֽ,ó
ҶƬ,һŵؽܵӣĸ˫,游ĸҪǲһѣⱲֻȥŮʮ꣬Ҫȥҷû֪׼ˣûѧ֮ǰɼǰéֻȥ󹤾ֲúƼӪ
˾ͼúӳԿۣǳԿ࣬ԼԿ໹ܣ
ҶšԼĴһѡ
˵˵ţĨ˰۾һ̧ͷģ
ڳͬ־Ҷһһѧӵ¼Ƶɬ鶯֮ҲۿʪҶʣҲȥû
һȺܶµĺӣҰǴ֮󣬸ŸɻҾлҡҵͶǶɵĺãʵûӣҲǡʵûأҾȥѪҲҪǶȥοֱֻֻ
Ҷ΢΢ʣӻͳһݱ˵ŪķֱĲϸҪͬ־Ťȥ֣ҺԹԡֻǨDDǧΪȺӣ
Ҷ˵˫׽ãȫһݾ塢Сҳȫҵģ
ǸȻı飬Ҫǲ֪˻ΪҪȥ϶ͷ̨
ҪЦˣû˭ˣݼ˵쮾⧲
ᶼˣҪ̨ʻ粻̫ԾҶҪƭˡ
Ĩ˴ûûĨⲻϸѽ
ȥÿͬ־ϸϸغ˶ԽǺ˶ԴԽ
ֳķΧȻһƬ£ͬ־ҶϣȻ𾴡
һѧʦȫȫΪѧϹѵĺʦһ̰ۡ˽Υֻ̫оͷˣ̶һ¾ΪѧУΪѧôĲƸ
ⲻĴдʹ̫ѧˡ
ͬ־һƬȣ˵ʦֻģŤ㵽֡
ֻǰΪûɣ飬ǷҪ㶨
ҶһǵĿˣ˷ӣݵشӰͳ˼ֻı
ǿʲôǻ˵ֱû취޺òġ
ҶһֻƽÿֱֻССаÿǸ߾ĹҵƷ̲򵥣Źͬ־Ѫഺ
һֻֻеĳˣôӵ˶˷ѣϱɻȾͬ־ҪڼԼҲӦҵĺ١
ֱװͷС˵ǰʧѧͯ˵ʵڸҽʡԴ
壿ͬ־ֱ
ôһñӿԼͷϣλͬ־󳹵׸ߴнίͬ־˶ֱ˺ܶࡣ
ΪҽԼԴһ͡ô˶ûӷ϶˼ƫƫҶ뵽ˡ˵ǽίܰҶȥ֣ҪǷųָϸȽȽ
ڼԼٲǿ귢ĺͷļȫҪصġһнʦѧ÷ֱ¹ָܵˡ
иͬ־̲ס赽˭ӽίٱ֮ǰҲԸȵ飿
һ꣬ͬ־ѾǶҶᣬ뿪칫֮ǰͬ־еظҶ֣ĳ쵼ζ˵
ͬ־뷨Ҿȱ˲ţ˽ˣûȥۣ˵ܵ͡ˡ
ҶȻһ㶣صͷ쵼ǵ֡ҾͶлл쵼֧ˣ
˵ͳֻû˿͵ıֱʮǮһֻ쵼ҪãûȥΪƷô￴һɡ
Ĳ˵ǵıܻӭˣͷˣ
ⲨԵģţ
л̰̰ûۿˣû취ί쵼ı
̯ưû֮ǰĸ˾ģнƸֶ
ίͬ־˼һᣬЦе˵´ΰͬ־ǻ£ˡ
Ȼû򣬵Ҳûоܾ
ҶЦЦãǱšһֻ֧ѧͯô飬ͬ־ǵԲ顣
Ҷ쵼ĿЩµֱϡ
ֱ·ΪɶҪ͸Щͬ־ԭܼ򵥣Ҷ뿴ĸҪȥίٱ

Ҷ˽ίͬ־صҿһԼѧ
ֻͬѧһǵؿ
Ҷۿ΢΢ʪۿһ޾ɵģѧǵٲȻܵȺ֤
ʦΪ˶ί
ʵһᣬҶոմر쵼ǿޡ֣ϾҪٷơ
ֻ̫ˣǰܸɣ˲˯Ⱥ쵼ʱռҶʱ䡣
ҶӦ쵼˸Ƿذ칫˯
׻еģذ칫ǰս˳вѧǱ˸ƽģʦû£
˸ˣʦ˶ί⵭Źļǿƽ
еѧ̲סͷҧסԼֿסǻ
˫ȭգҶֻ޲ðĶͳԺȫԹԵĻҪˡ
лһԲۣ
⡭Ҷ֪ǲװ
ʲôչDDû
Ҷ˵˰칫ңҲֱſϱ˯һ
졣
Ҷȥίһˣֱ͵˽ί칫ҡ쵼˵ҪúܲȽ㣬иʵŸ۲ǣֻ˲֪òá
ί칫ĺ˼Ҫ˼ҵĶ칫ҵͬ־ȫǮ֧һѧ
ҶǮʱ͵͵ͬ־˭ٱģҺиסҪƽʱеĵطҺϴǸܱ
ίͬ־룬˶ǹٵʦ˼뾳綼ͦߵģӦûжĸҡ
ϾΪѧãû̫˽ġ
˵еʦ߰ȣϵò
Ҷ˵ͷ̫ϵˣⲻǸԼλýһеɵһٷֵľӲſʮҲ
лͬ־һúҸͬ־ìܣ

Ҷӽί칫뿪󣬴Ӽȡװװ󵽸߰ȼҸεһȦ
ʳһЩõϢҶػ˾Ժ
ĩҶ÷÷кҪȥ
糿Ҷȡ˹׼ţǰ룬˵Ҳȥ
ǰҶĹʶԼ˼СҪѹʺʳȳָˡܺԼ㹻ӹñ󡣼ϹǰĹʻ٣ҪҶȥƻʳ
⿿ǰǵʣÿһ⣬ﹻҶ죿
ĿǰǰڼҶû취ܿ͵͵⡣úˣֻø÷÷ȥ⡰
Ҷһȡ̨ʮ廨⣬ˣԲ͵ûȡƱ
ǰжʱҰƵ̣ׯڣŪô಻ԣפصսʿӵȥҰÿιǶҰãõĴԱͳһַƱ
ƱҶܹ⽬ӵˡ
Ҷüʹǰȥʲô
쵼ȥˣñôŵÿֽȥҰˣ
Ҷɨһ۹ǰǳ壬תһʮɲᣬȥҲ
ҶȻͬˣŵĹߵݸ˹ǰ
ʱֵʢҰ˴дسáٵҪˣʳȴԽԣҰ˵ԽԽࡣѾƽԭҰ̲ܶ׳ŵȥ˸ԶɽҰ
ӱ߰ȡˣеڵ㡣
÷÷˹ǰҶһҰˣȵ΢΢ſ졣
Ҷ˵ľҷḻæ
÷÷ˣҰֻⲻǸƵС˼ҶȻ붯˹ǰˡ
ҶԶɽǰ˵ȻҪ׽ֻҰζؼҳԡ˵Ұ
ǰҰľҶḻܶ࣬̽һµΣֻԵؿһ۾ջĿ⡣
˵ûֵأƤֲ㹻ҰأҰԸֱ߲¶Ļ档
˷׷׵ͷЦҶ쿪
ҰҪԺܶණһܿйɽͷ˰ݰôûǣ
˷׷Ц
ͷǶྫʳ·ֻӦ⣬ֻҲˣ·˲ǧȫм˿ڣﹻ졣
ҰʣͶ̲סˮ
ҶؿԶû˵˵оУҰûУ
ңҪֱ䲻ţȥٱ
ҪҰˣùԱϡҪԵʦôڷܵĹ
Ұ֤ϸƤ⣬ζ
̲ߡ
߰ȼҶɫһ䣬Сظ˵ǻȥɣ
͹һԣÿԿҶЦȥʲô
ҶλŹǰһˣǰһԵشӻͳһǣݸҶ
ҶֽԱسţеſǰɻ
ǰʲôʱĴֻԼĹʣÿ»õ׵ĸ𣬴СøѩƵˣȻҪ
һĻܲ۾Ƶġ
һƬЦУǰѵصؿ˸ӣɵز塣ӻ˼ǷԸҶȥԱųԣԼõ֦һɼ⣬
ǰЩľͷСʱ
ҺϸĵҶɳڸǺ壬ҶԱʯͷһš
ҶҲø˵ƵΧۣ˳ժ˵Ұˡ
ժЩ۵Ǯժһ¨󣬰Ǯݸ˹ǰȥӱϴ
ΧһֱǸͺͺֵСʱȥˣһ˿ҲûУ･ûȡЦȤ
̫ЦˣֵطҪԵҰ͸Ҫ׽һ˼
Եľ㣬ղɵá
ǾӵܣС׵ѵģһЩҰ⾭顣
𾪵ǣǰ֪ǲܵ飬ȻҶһ֡
˫ֱż磬һظǰ˵ԭΪǰҰսľ飬ܾЦҪû뵽DD
ǰ˵ػӦš
Ҷÿ컨ٳؾŹǰϹڣżҲ˳⡣
Ҷǰѹôٿﲻˡ
ñ˲ע⣬չȥһڹǰĴָ
ǰס׵һֻסҶԴ֡
Ҷƽ̧ͷһۣʡ˭˵Ц
cλʶʶְֵ
ȰȲͣ˵ҶϳҶ㻹ǿѧʦҶѧʱ򡭡
һͷСҰƵģӴԶˤڹǰúõǸ壬ɱĲҽС
˶ˣ׷׿ǿûڼСʱڵʵ塣
ǿ˹⣬ܹҰԶԹԵͶ
ʦͲ
ѧѧĵطǴ


26 
Ĭ
ΧһƬŵĳĬ
һֿ¶ȵĿ,ҶǸ塣
ϴĿҶװ׼һֻӵľɩǣ𾪵мֱһΪ
Ҷʲô칷ʺˣ
ζѰ·Թײǰߣ
ϴεһֻѾ㹻ۺ,ολһֻȻ
ж˶ûմһӣʲôζ,ˡ
ܵһſѧҶһһͷҰͶ
׵ְλȻߣﲻȱͳ,ҲֻǹĸÿƱ,ÿܳһζѾǺܲ,ʳõ⽬³һζݳޡ
ȻҶϾҪӵһͷ,ͷ㹻ճ,¶Բꣿ
Ǯٺ,˿̶̲סͣ͡
¹ǰǶôͼ۵ʳڼ깩ӦжԼӰӵ,ԵһֻҰһҹ䱩
벻ͨ,ΪʲôֺƫƫײҶÿζҶ
ǰ,Ѿ߹ʺˣ
һţǼ߽ͬȻá̹ȻԼ˥ͬʱ߻иŷʣǹԹֱﵽˡ
÷÷ϲס죬С￴,ֻֻҰѾľͷ,˸һȫûǰ͡
찡,Ҷôһֻ
˾ˣԭأظšôĺôôô󣿡
ҴȥͷҰȷСĿӲ㶼װˡ
ֻҰɽëݣϸ룬Բͦͦıӳ죬ʵ񣬷ʶնյĶ绳˰˸µ̥Բϲˡ
ͷ˸ʳԣҰƤݸˣֻȻܳԵͨʱ죿ǺƬƶϾȻܳԵôʣ
θӴͷ²ϰٽ˰ɣ
Ҷһۣ棬óԤеʮֻнٽ
תһͨˣȡʮ廨⣬廨ûһͷٵƤëͷˮʮ廨ͲˡֱȻţڶҽⷽ滹Ǻܹġ
ҶΧ۵ԽԽ࣬ϽԱĹǰ
ŸɶϽؼң㿴ѪεҶۣȫˣ˷ѣ
ǰе𾪲Ⱥ÷÷١
ֵط˵ǲܳҰġƫƫ׽Ұ
ȻڲǳԾʱ򣬱Ұؼҡ򵢸ˣ˸һҰпܻᱻ˺
ǰСذεļңҰȣһϡ
Ұ˿̱ûѪһѪ£Ⱦ˹ǰѣҲûüͷ塣
ҶӿѪۼˡһͬǰҰ˵ľɩװ裬ϽһֻҶŽѪ
ʵѪҲһζάغ͵ʡпѵõӪƷ
һѪҶ͹ǰŵ˵ϣų뿪˺̲
ΧؿıӰʧۡۺҲҹȻͷҰ
ǿɿ߸ߴı紩55ʽװôƤˣåҲܹȻˣžսʿǰ
뿪󣬴׷˿֮С
˵ǲǵһҰи˺Ȼʡ
ҰȺӶղͷҰȥǳƽҰ̲ϵ嶼ԵҰˣɽǸҰ
пܡҰҰȱˮԴӣ˵ҰӶӵġ
ûԵҰ֮ǰ۾鳰ЦҶҰ˼ˣȴѳζҳҰڵĺԡ
ﶢڵ壬˿ȡ
壬ˣһ˼ӵļңѸٲ嵽ԼȨ
ʲô㣬զˣ˼ұڵģҪ
һȺΪ壬࣬ۼŶҪܡ
̶֮죬ú÷÷Ӧ͵Ц˳
еϤ桭ɲһεĺӱ߼Ȼϴδںӱڵڶûһë

Ҷ͹ǰõҰ˲ӣ͵á
õĴԱСһͷһǿͷڿһء
ҶָҰ˵׽ҰһʱԲ꣬ʦܲܰˣ۲ЩƱ
̫ˣټľԺüüˣÿĵҲʮҶḻ˴ҵĻʳ
ʦطֽ⣬ͷͷˮˮǰ⡢⡢廨⡭æ˰СʱһͷҰþ
ʦһʮͷʮˮʮͷʮ
һ10850ƱԺҪҪ⣬ƾƱĺȡ⡣Ҫֱӵڴ˾Ϳԡ
һ˽ʮƱǿˣҶʮ廨⻻ġֻҪҶԺƱһЩ廨׬ˡ
ҶæصͷԿԣܸӾһҲܸˣ
˳ζͲǡţʿˮʦܲõšͷȥҵȣ
ź͹ͷûɶ⡢ֵǮʮƱһٶҰܻ㣬ԱӦ˴ŵ
Ҷֻ㣬Ͳǻؼҡ
ǰǸԵģȻʧЦ
Ҷõ󣬱㻻·ϴ֣³
ǰղãƽʱͻˣָ߼ʳҶˡ
oë¹ˮһȥȣù֭Ҷ¹ذ㳴ɫʢ㡣´н⽴ͳζ֭ͣؽϡ
ˮû㣬Ҷ˽ǡƤϡҶú¯ķڹСһЩתС֭ˮЩºҶϴϴǮ
ոճѿһѿѿۻɫģ۵ˮҶժһժһ¦ѹ˳Ϊľʳ
ҶϴժһƬԣǮģԽԽ㡣һ¨ǮǮǮ췹ҶùǰŻԼȥҵ
ɰˮ찾ɵʱ򣬹ǰϱҪģùͣذ֭ˮoϡ
ĵ¯ӱߣһŨζʳҶ㻹û㣬ǰѾˡ
ϸѾһûгԹˣٴο⣬ǰȻֲʵĸо
ӵʮƱ㹻ϰˣ
֭o͹֭ˮյŨ󣬹ǰoʢ
ֻoʺ¯˿СʱٺƤҲãҶÿӴȥܿѩ޵İ⣬
Ҷ˫ֱֻĺ÷ʣԲǾݵҰ
ظˣ㣡Ļ
ʳ֮ףһ治ף
ǵȻߵķɽ֤Ŵɿ
ȻˣҶˣСп˷ʺoȵطֳɱƬƬηһƤѩ׵ķ⡢۵⡣ÿϯһƬմϽ֭ѩȾī
һν֭شĩҵ£ֱдͷ˲Ŵ
Ҷſ죬סν֭ͷһѱƬԽ΢΢׽Ƭۣʵ̾һ
ҪˣҹܵʳҲo
Ҫᵶɱ
Ƿģֶӵ»Բ
oһһֻҶ͹ǰȻݳ˷ѵˣһٷĹ֪ͰֻoԹˣԵþ⣬oĽ֭ǮǮ˸⡣
ȷٴõʱϵѾԵøɸɾһν֭ʣ
Ҷغ˿˵ïաãҪǮ𣿡
ϵЦʧˣﻹҰӰӣζһӰûУһˮ
ǰ硢ɩӣǽ׽Ұأ
ҶЦʱͽɩӣûʱҶԣ
ҰȥʳûƱˡò׵õһֻҰɲô˷ȫԹˡ
ï³˵ҶݹǮ㣬Ǯۣ԰ɣ



27 
ҶԱͷ߳˱ĺ,á
ֱ佱ͷҰɽܷʽϸ⻹Ҫóԡ
Ҷİ,ȡʮƱʳó⡣ôóԵ⣬ɾûǸꡣ
ïճԵһ뿴ҶȻվ,ʡɩӲ𣿡
ҶЦе˵ǶԵ㣬Ҫһˡ
ҶʳƱʮ⣬ʳõĴԱͣõһɽսʿǸƻʳ,ҪҶһЩ廨ûˡ
Ҷĸ,ԺĻʳһΡʦޡͷҰر,˺ܺó,ͬ־ҪҪ˻ȥ
˳ʦʮ,ʦôʵʳ,㴦ܱúܺóԡ
ҶҡͷһֻмȴҪһƱ,ɲôݳ˷ѡ˼²ʮ廨⣬Ҫʡŵԡ
Ҷ˳ҵʮ廨,ëǮ˲ҪƱĳ¡
ʳôʱ,Ŷӵľ˽㣡
һƬӵķΧʿˮԼţҶ޷ԡ
ɵԼĵһ죬Ľؿ˼ҳ⡢ԼƵؿкͷ̶¹ȥѾӵ˼ʮ⡣
˵ľͷԵ,Ȼƽʱ֪ó,˸óԣڷ,ŴɿڣһζҲûСԵֲͣ˼
˵ҰģΪˣЩʳôڳܡ
̫ˡ˵սʿԴģ˭ôˣ
ǹǰӡ
̫ˣ
Ҷ˸ϽӿŲؼҡ
ҶصʱѾԱ뿪ˡϴɾ˳£ĥɷۣϷ廨⣬⡣
ҶѪʣµĳ£Ѫ
ԱҶһ˯øⰲȡ
ȻһߣһȺΪ׽ҰѾˡŷΪ˳ϴ˵е⣬ڵϹƴſӣڵú̲ϲ˴СС塣
һ˫˫۾ضŹǰڵ塣
һ˵׼ûۿҰԽҰѪ˵Ұ
һƶصͷҪҰܵߣ׼ץ
ʮĿǿϣ߲˯ض·Ѿܹᵽζ
һ
÷÷ѧУҶ뿪̲һһʮѧ
÷÷˵Ұ˵Ǹطڵ壬һڸû˸߹ȥ̾һԺҲȥǸطҰˣҪһطҶ´ȥĿҪһȥ
һ⣬ǸλǱѡеˡ÷÷¶ģһҪҶĲ
Ҷﲻɵ̾ǳ˵̫Ҳһ¡ںи򶼲˵ǡ
ȡʮֵǷ꣬ҪԺܳһɽһɽһðһعһ浽Ͽ
ҶҲַȡˡ
ûйǰҶҪô鷳ҶҪǵͶ˺ܶࡣ
Ҷϵ˻ͷˣһԼԱ㡢Ҫ˭֪ƫƫ˰ƿ׾ƣ׾¶˶Ϳˡǡɫˣ
ҶƵͳɽҵظ³׳̫ˡ
ҪЦ
лŮҪ𣬲ϿӾ·Զ˻ܳˣ
ɼ˲Եģ·ߵҰ㲻Ҫɣж

ѧΡ
Ҷκ󱻼ѧſڣǿȥҶߣϴ÷׵·Ьϴż
ͷǸ˵ʦãǸеѧкܶѧܸȤǿԸһ𣿡
Ҷ̧ͷǣԿóǵľ̫ãϵӦȻӭ
ѧԵʣҶûȥвϹΣӰ䲻еǲѧҶѾúˣ⼸еĺǰڰŵʳ
ҶȻʤϲ
ˬ˵ǵѧʵ𣿽ҪѧԭпտҵĿΡ
ӱα˺һֽ৵ֽд˼οĿĩпȥͼݽ⼸鿴׼׼ܽ
еĺȺģû뵽³ϵ˳
Ǵ˵еʦĺƽ׽ˡ
ѧУҶȥ˰칫ҡ
еĺ˽żˣܵûȫȥֻΪҶҪʡѧڽ㷲
ô죬ܰʦЩʲô£
ѩ˵ְ˵ڶúһΪʦдŸнί칫ɡǺ£˿ɲˡ
дʲôã롭ţдʦΪʲô£һʲôʦд˸һӡǩ
೤ôһ˵ͬѧͷ˫ͬ
У칫ҡ
УЦеظҶһ裬Сգнίͬ־һ²ϣддǼֱѧԼԴ顣ʱȽϽõѡ
Ƚ¼һּ֣һҪƯһҲУûɣ
Ҷһ}ûţ뵽ԺǶҰбȫܶˣдҲ
Ҷɴػشû⣬ͽ
ص칫ҺͷȽϡ
ͬ칫ҵĺʦһҶдĶȤʦҪȥȽˣ
ȽѧУУԽԽ𡣡
һ㣬ܣµĿϼƳ𣿡
㷭˷˱˷۾˵»û꣬
ĿʾȴһҲû뵽
һߣѧ
칫ҵʦȥȽĲϡһвһǣȥѡĲǡʦнʦͶƱѡ˾ҵʦϽʦǫذѡȽøʦ߰ػһ
ϲȽ¼Ĳϡ

գҶ˫ͨ죬ѲϽУ
Ϊ˸ԼƣҶصظļߴ˸кԭƻ¸ٿǵѧǰһܷ
ļȻЩͷԣȡԼдıǰ˳յıֽǳܶ˶һȺĺǿ飬ȴƶò뿪У԰Ͳȴòеص
ͼֳıӰǮСĽŬĲӰѩĥ˵˫֣ͬѧһͷޱıӰ
ǰʱ俴ġѧСֽʲô׵ģԭϴıȺģǵÿһǮЩƶĺϡ
һеĶֱַһ˳׵ش˳ȥ
̶̼죬ܶͬ־ԷһиͱͷǮȥдЧҶԤϡ
ĩҶ㣬ϸСڰϣѧУ˶ܿü
֪һ˶һ
Ĳϸʾ𾪵λ
С󣬡ɫһȽȽǣˣ˲òֱ
ֱ˵˾ǡáþȻô׬Ǯس˴ҵʶ
￴˶ɵˣÿ춼ڰ칫ƣҲûϵ׬Ǯٶô졣ŵЩһȺ׬Ǯ
۵ĺЩȣʡʦ˰ɣ
ʦͷǵģ۵Ķᱻ˺ԡ
c߰ʮ˿ڣʮ򣬽ԣԣһЩ˼ҽ齲һֱ񣬼ʮۻжٿı
áԵľڰټҷ
Ҷϸ󣬺ܶʦҪԸҶ˼ڷסڿ찮ɻʦԼĶ顣
ѵͶҪײҪ˶Ҷֵðȫˮ


28 
߼ҡ
߰ϽȽ˲Ϻǳ,Ȼǰ϶飬ܹ͵ѡѾһֵý飬Ϣ˵˸ĸ
,Ǹ¶ȥ̷ҸϢ
ֺ߰ȻѽһǿҲûã˵һиʦҲҪѡ,˿ˡ۱СΪѱд˼ҵľɾҪǵҲһоͺˡ
ֿͬϷ׵ͬ־ѧϰ϶ܿ졣
߰ڱ繤ļһеǸѧƻ,һеҶʦӡǳ̡
߰˵óֽ,ָҿ,,
Ǵһ˱ֽ,߼ҵļ˺ӿƪ,¶ɫʦͦĵ,DD
ȽҲܺã
ĺĺָ߰Ǹ˺ȻǰѸ߰ȹ˵Ҷ,ġȽ¼,ǡǸ߰Ⱦٱġ
߰ȲݵȻϣǿȴСְҲΪʦҪúõʦҶʱҵɣ
һȺ׬ǮɶѧҪҪˣ
ŭ˸߰һۣŮ,˵öԣʱ˼ʦҪáС̴СͰ㵱ŮƵġȥ̷¡
߰ȵõľǱһ,ССС鶼Ҫ鷳˼ңǸܵġȽ,ǰæ׼û
߰ȵDDȴǱдǸӯϹ۾ǹǮ
Ŀʮѧһ±˰ж׬Ǯ
Ծʡ⡭ôַӵģǺӣ֪ô׬Ǯù׷
ǰְһһѧרϲƷʱ·ǳܻӭģĹҲ͡
ֻ弸ǻ᳧ӹ˽Ӫˣĸλ̲ˣóĸͲסְڼһǺüꡣ߰ȶ
ѱֽװ˿㶵Ҳˣץֻͷܡ

һС
ʦ͵͵ҶҺģȥ»⼸Сﶼ
ʦΪֻһ⼼ȫжһݵġû뵽ֽǳȥ֮󣬡Ʒһҹ֮紺ð
Ҷû̫ӦֻСˡͷΪΪʳ˽ֱǲԣʳΥҼ͵Ϊ仹Ӧ˺У
ϵгܿһȣ׼
Ҷ˵û£Ǹ㣬ֱۡǶյòղô˵ԺҲֱˡ
˵ţҶŲæشӹͳһݼƻʦ
ֱɶʦҡҶıҶԲߣû뵽ȻԱ
Ҷص񡣡
ʦɧֱ޷Ƶؿ񱼳һ¼ٿ£ô˵ͲأҲղˣСҲǿ⡭
ʦƻϵԺɧʱȫɢˡ
Ծɻ£뷨ˮըƵģըúʦӿհס
Ծ˼ƻϵһ֡÷ϾɵֱɵһиһֻĶ±Ԫ·ѣ
ϵҲ͵һάޣ̶ȼƼۡ
ҶͷԼһţĵȺʦƻ顣
Ծɻ¡ǺеĸһִֶΡ÷Ͼɵļҵɵŵü͵ļ۸һͬĲƷɵļҵΪۼ۵Żȯʹá
һΪӵоɲƷԸ⻻²ƷӦ˲ĴֶΣϻ˹ڼԼʡ
ҶҲʣȰѱ˵Ļ±ٰսĿŵֱϣӵоֱ˿ɶˣܹüٵļ۸񻻵ոµֱ߻ǮԼֱ£ֶΪ
ɱʹԼķֱٻʮǮȥ±˽ܡ
ʦƻ飬ͶأһԴҲ벻ͨ
˵ʲô˼
Ҷץμʱæҵƻʦýˡ
ҶĴָߵߵ棬£
ʦֲȥϷˣоǱһ
һʼҶ뷨ĴǱȲռϡҲûʵʲ²ƷֱһʼĴǷ񣬶ıʡ
ԱǽǵĵЦ
ҡҡͷ̲ס˵ˣΪʲôҶֱ
ʦһͷˮģޱ㿪ʼǲߺŲŽһС
ʦ˼Ƭ̣ȻΪǵıˡҪǸٻ̵꣬һϰٿ飬ô𣿡
ɴתͷȥҵˣ˵ӲɽҲ
ҶЦе˵˲ʦˣ̤̤ʵʵɻɡ²ץӷζˡ
ΧһƬʦЦ
ҶͳСֽݵʦǴΪʲôԭ򣬶𣿡
ʮǮһٿȻ࣬һֻֻ߼ͻ˵ıʮҲݳ޵ۡ
ѧʱҶľǲƷİѿءÿһֻ⣬֤ÿһֻȥıÿֹܶתãѧۣҶҲɡ
ʱѧѾûĥˣ÷ȥǮˡ
ʦСֽһĥζ˫Ȼһ
СֽȻһݣÿ칫ֱҲ࣬Ǽܶ໹Ϊ⣬ΪǵֱӲ
ҶµĹؼôҲ²һе·ӣΪûҶ
ûͽװ¡һ°˻ĳŵеȥǱֽ
ѹҶ˵Լ
ʦʱһƵģòУصԼλЦеظҵ

һܹȥҶ͵ȽĲͨ˳õȽʦʸ
¼ǡôһ˶磬ҴԼԴᳫãÿˡ½ίͬ־Ĳ͵ʡҶҪʡǲμӡȽģѡᡣ
ҶϢϲ⣬ֱֵҲ
ֻҪ׼һݸ壬ݽ
Ҷ˵ȫûѹֱСһصô໨ѡʦˡũ񡭡ûܹݽѵЩõݽ̨ºѹѹһȺˣ˫Ȳ˵£Ѿһúˡ
Ҷ׼¼޶ڶ͵нίȻڹٰϼ˸߰ȵ֡
ʦ߰ȵ֣Ը߰ȵĿӡ̫ˡ
޷޲ƽ˵ǰҿ߰ȵ͵͵±ǵţñˡôſʵ
Ȼ˸мʦ
Ҷһǻˣԭ鲻ʰǹˣҶ춼û취
ôʦְһʦ˾޴װɣʦ̲ס档
˵ύȽˣѧУĳѡƶѡ귽ۺͳͳûʸ񽻲ϣ˵Ҳڸλϰܳͷ
ôʦֹ
ҶӡУ߰˲ĩȥ㣬ǵнίٱˡ
ʦѧҪǦʺˣ


29 
ϴ,Ҷ߼Ҹ͸߰ȵھ졣
˵ҲǸ߼ûŰѣ߼иСûйóϲҫ,߼ҵĺ³ҫ
еĹݹյģǸݰ,۸߼ҿû˵ĺá
̶̵һ仰Ȼû͸¶ܶϢܲסҶʢȥ˲顣
ƸԾǰ浵һ,ҶҲ㡣˵ʱԵԾ,ڶ38,36,һ35֡һ34ֵר,ʱ߰ȿ32֡
ÿרѧӦƸ߾¼ȡ,߰ȺͿ35ֵרһȥС
34ֵǸҶһ˳Ծ34ֱȥʮСȻڲһһ,ôҲʡֱѧȻʮȴǲ̫̫ˡǵʡֱѧУ,Ҳûв,cĳسǵѧ
ھЩϢҶ˶סˡȻ֪кܶ࿿ϵߺŵˣû뵽ڹҵĵҲ˸һ
Ȼλͬ־õһĹʣ켣ȫһ鵽΢ҶͣĴָõ߰ȥйϵˡ
ҶšìܡĿ,ָ34ͬ־дһš
벻Լ,֪ٱʹ
Ҷڴƽ͸ͬ־ĶԹ֮ǰ,34ֻ⻯ìܰɡ
ҶذȨöɸ34ͬ־ҿλͬ־ԸԸԵ±ԹϢԭ˸ͬ־Ҫ˼ԸԸԭ¸ͬ־ôͬ־รɡ
ҶҲԵ±Թĺˡ
ĩҶװһƵ34ּҵĸͶݵ˼ҵ䡣
磬ˡ34ֵĿҶͬ־ǡɿشһ˰೵سǻصļС
ϱԹ㿴㶼ɹˣ֪ĻΪ˼ȥũˣʮɶʱᣬҲǸ취統볧Ӹɻ
ĸѻĻ䵽سǣҲʳ⣬ίˣɻߣ
Ҷͬ־Թòҿִȡ˵ıֽһ漴ڵϡ
˭дţ
Ҷչſٵһסˣ߬ȭͷһݿϲסͷ
ϲ̧ͷ˵衢Ƕҽȡ

һҶʱǰõɽװӣսȥ
ǰǰûҶôʽʱµɽװٻҡڡɫΪʱǰüɫҶɫȽϳŮͬ־ûôơҶҲҪɫǿ׺ɫɽװ
û뵽Ҷɫɽװã˳ͷ⻬һں۾ϵ޲ͬɫ·ú壬շۺ죬Ǿá
ùǰ࿴һۣʡʲô£
Ҷ˵ȥ쵼ܿ˳Ļǽ
ҶڼĴһܶʱ䣬ϳԡȻʱͷûϹԣ·ˡ
ȡľʱţ͸ζҶǹϧľǰΪҶٳԡ
û뵽ͿԳˣǰؿҶһۣĵף϶ܹ˳˳
ְҶ졢ñܡ
쵼ţ쵼ҲˣһЩͺá
ҶȻ׵ģǰһ˿ذ죬ůĴָǳǳظļϣҶ˲ʱӶǻɫϡ
һǳԲͷһڲˮƫƫѹǰøͦεСƵġ˾ƼݡӪ
ʱι˵⣬ÿˣ͹⻬˳ʵ˺ܶࡣ
ץס˹ǰ֣𶯣ŮӵĲҸ𣿡
ǰѵݺ¶һ˿Цƶˣȥɡ
Ҷȥ
һ쵼λ漸ǸѧУѡȽǰҶ΢ЩѡʡȽ¼ʵϵģֱȻ𾴡
ʱܹѡʡﵱȽ̤̤ʵʵɹµˡ
Ҷմ˴ԽĹðƻһڴԵЩôʵӶͳԼϵʽеغǰҵȽк
ѵõĺ˲Źͨĺûᣡ
ѡũǰͦнҶǳһҳֿ˵˵ͬ־к⣡
Ҷ£С컨ϴźƤЬ׵ĳͬ־ȴǫ飬ũɲһҲûС֮ũĸɲǵǷǳա
ϴɽװпݽģڴϲŵĸֱҲǽװĻģʱƤЬϽţڴƨɸƵģһҲ
ôһĳʦǺȻ˿εա
ҪпգǴ壬кȼȲ裬ǴɶɶûУͲˮ壡
һҶ˵
Ҷ˳㵽˹Ƚϵʽ˽˼ҵ¼󣬹άĲʺƨ
ͬ־ǫ˵Ȳʦ˵ʦʧѧĺӻѧУˣһ󹦵¡
ҶҲ˵Ųͬ־Ҳ˸졣
Ҷ˵ǳӵĹģʽͦģ쵼ԺҪǱҵˣһƼȥǳ
쵼ҲصʤӭһʡõѧУ˵ǵѧܴ
һֱŵȽʽٿ
ֵҶȥѸݽ¶΢Ц¶˿ݣǰһС컨ɽװϾúܡ
𾴵ĸλ쵼αԼȽͬ־ǣϺãҵĻ࣬˵ȫﻰҪȫ񷢳ɫԼԴĳ顣
ǻ񻹴׶ΣˮƽޣҪעڼԼڼ󡢽ԼҲζŲʹãǻһЩܹÿѧǻۣʵԴĶãᴴһʾ𾪵ĲƸ
ҶݽϺ̨һƬҵ
ԼͬѧĳƷչʾҿֱӳЩӲƼƷϴƬԭģ߰ߣҳ
ǣ£˳ȾҪǱԶ׼ĺۼֱ˲һĴ
ӱ뷨ǳкʱµ⣬ǲϧؿ¿ţ
쵼ǰһЩȽһҶ
쵼˵ʦ뷨ӱǳʵ顣
Ҷ쵼Ŀ޺һɡˡͷҶһһת
ֻǺܿϧҵ뷨ܶ˶̫ԸܣЩΪǸʱ塭Ҫǽл쵼ǽͨҲֻѡ
źҡҡͷ˵ûǮúܿ࣡
ί쵼·Ҷ⣬Ͱ˵ʦߵľ·ӣȥɡ
һ仰µö
쵼ˣС쵼׷׵ͷȷʵһ⣬ɺӵʦȷʵҼйص飬ſ
cе˵ɡ
쵼˼Ƭ̺˵һеУŪѧѧԷľͷһЩ
Ҷ˼ֱϲ⣬ȫǽ֮е֮ϲ
ƣõĲһʱطףķֲѧĳ֮
Ҷ쵼һһ֮Ӷͳ˼ǹЦеذǹ͸˼ͬ־ǡ
ǹǸ߼ˮӲǣڰٻ̵ʮǮһڶһմĸ߼ʳ
ǮʲôҶǮĹĵģѹϧ㸶
Ҷͬ־ǿ˼һҪ쵼ļ仰дһº뿪
ûõʲôȽѡһҲֵˣ

ϡ
ҶŸ裬ȥʳøһŹǡ˳һ㡣ӴڵļȡббгɾȵƬ
ٽļ̵ĵĲ˵㶹磬۵˼ССĹӣժһЩ㶹С͸Ҷ
÷÷ĩҰժ㴻ĩ㴻ѿˣԵǲժһȫҶ
Ҷһ㴻ѿź벻䳴㴻ʲô꣡ͺˣ춼ܳԵСͲ¥Զǲܵġ
ҶöгƬˮ㡣
ֽشӳ˳Źǡ㶹ˮ㡢㴻һ׷
Թݳ޵һ٣һأ⣬ֱ
һᣬǰˣص㶣Ȼû뵽ҶŵġȻôһˡ
ǰҪ֪ǰʱģ»ΪҶǰ֪Ϣ
רĵس˷ÿһڶϸϸ׽̺żҵζ
׷ܰӱĸоóҰ¶޵ʮֶݡ
극󣬹ǰ˵ԲҶҽӵҪȥսˣҸдš
ҶϢƬ̡ƽ˼£ҶѾϰ˹ǰÿڲѵӡûս
Ҷܿ뵽ǰˣܶһɡ
ֻܳһʱ䶼Ӵǰõ壬ҶһŨŨĲᡣ
ȻϿɹ۸ߣΪɹʶ߽ԿסҶʱǵ㲻ᶼƽˡ
̧ͷ˹ǰ̲ı飬ѡ
Ҷ°ͣһϧı顰ȥɣclex췢ļпվ͸ӵԣ̫ʡԼҪעⰲȫ
ǰǳǿô᲻Ҷʲô飿ֻ̫ѨشʹҶͷ
ʲôˣǱʳöûСչ˺Լ
Ҷͷˣ߾̫ⶼҪˡ
ǲ̫ĹǰİȫԺܻ
ֻĲɵ̫ϧˣҲûСԺϺܳһʱ䣬ҲһҶӦǿ


30 
ȻҶûиǰ,賿ĵʱҶǰǡҪ뿪
뿪֮ǰĵصͷҶһڡ
ǰĴů,һıζͷҶĴ,´Ƭֿ̺һЩ룬ȥ
Ժ֮Ҷ𾪶ˣֱųٻ
ȻϷ޵Ķ˯ܶˣҶǵһα졣׹ܶΨû׹,ڹǰҲû,֪ʲô塣
Ȼˣ
ǵĸоҶζƬ,һΡ
ȻǰѾ,Ҷڴ̨ͦεıӰ,һμʱõĸоֻˡ
Ҷ׼ʮ,ǰʳҰ¶ʱ˳Լܳ伢

һС
ҶѧУʱ,ͬ칫ҵʦ׷ףѯȥĸܡ
զ,쵼㲻ţû
ҶȤػش,ŵöҪš
ǿ̫ˣǵʦľһŵ㣬Ƥ̨ԴСˣ
칫ҶڹϲҶһƬɵķΧʱۺ
ü˵˵֣ǰ컹ڹٰ,ٰ͸У,˵ӡˣǿϧ,˰װ׸һΡ
ͬһѧУ߳ģ߰ҪȽҲй⡣
ҡҡͷӵ˵ӡԼˣ˵ӡûʸʦġϵʦȥˡ
㻹ǵҶƸԾȸ߰ȸߣ˼ҳﻧڡѻ飬ǱȥѧϰࡣԭеĹ߰ȶˣ
Ҷȫû뵽34ͬ־սôǿ̫ˣżͰѸͬ־˹ٰ
ͬ־Ѿظܵ˱ٱζˡ
ⷬ·ըըôҴֲ˵һ
칫ҵʦǶԸ߰ӡ̣һиʦǻᣬԼʦܵһа칫ҶĳɼҪǺʦƤ»û취͡
ʦȻҶǼ־磬ظ˵С֡ȻҪȥѧˣ
Ҷũģûɶʦˡ
Ҷ뻹ܣҪǹǰǾ٣Ҫȥ˾ˡ
Ϊľ˵㣬Ȼ֪ÿ˵ĳɼȴûде߰ȺҶ֣˿䵽ͬѧУ£׺Ūȥ
۳ɵʡҡҴû˵
̫̫ˣۻǵǰ߰ȹҶΪǲ
ʱദȫϿҶ
ҶΪڿ죬顣ٵʱϿΣʦֵҵΪ˰ѵѧձһͷͶ
߰ľǶôɹ
϶صͷ٣Ҷİͬѧǰ͸ҴкˣüĿҲŸ˵
ϴȥԺ߰ԼıҶ飬ûҶͺǾͱнί˴ߵˡﶼʼǲǸ߰ȥٱġ
ĳ̶ֳ˵Ů˵ֱޱȵľ׼

ѧҶ򿪺̨ʱֶ̨˶ʮ廨⡣
ӦҶԭγ̵Եʣ̻˺ǵ·ų֪ʶʺҰⲹʳʲҪţɡ
ũҵе̶ȵͣţũҪĺð֣ڽֹ˽ţ⡣Ҷ뻹ʵʵض⣬ʮʳ⸬
ҶֽذѾ⵷أĥ˽ǡƤҶȵϣýϾСʱζ
Ȼذʯͷʹѹʵŵ¯Сˮ֡
ڻϴؿţˮֵĹŨŨһ㡣Ҷһһۣ߿߸⸬ˢϷ֭
һ淴ٿϰСʱҶڲʮ⡣ʮ⾭˿ɽʣ⸬
Ҷһԣ͸һ˵ζŨ΢΢͸һ۵ӲĺнҶֻбС
ʵҶǰµھǣͲ¥޵һζ
Ҷ⸬ϷɣԼ˸˺ͼس
ǰڵʱҶʿ˵Ҫḻжḻɶɶ
ӪƷںжҲӰӣֻйǰĩʱ򵽾ʹ˲ӪʳƷܼһ㵰
ҶһٷĹͿ԰ѹǰһµӪȫԹˡ
Ҷز˲죬ʰ֮űˡ
ΪվŵǷû뵽ȴǺ÷÷
÷÷һҰҶңǰսˣпնĹҶ
÷÷ŹػɩĿһҰˣҶȽĽҲˣףף
ˣ÷÷û뵽ԼһžͿ˰ӵ⸬һĻֹܵ˱
Ҷﲻϰ⡢Ҳ˼ڴ˼ҼҲûеġ
תһ룬Ҷڽ׽һͷٽصҰֻʣĽ
ﻹҪһҰˣ÷÷˼Ұ͸Ҷˡ
Ҷ÷÷һֽ˼⸬͸Ҹǰ⸬ûȥɣҳˣĿɺó˿ȥo
÷÷ѾܾûгԹˣһγľǴڣ΢΢⸬ƶĶס˲
˵÷÷ҲǸȺˣÿʮĹʣƫƫȴԲһ⡣÷÷ɷǻһ㵰Ĳѵ̫̫ۣûһӪ̸α
÷÷㶼ζ˵ǮһŴʮݸҶ
ҶûҪ˻ȥѣûȥ԰ɣƽʱҰҲûҪҵǮ
⡭˼Ұֵ˼ǮŰɣǸǰԵ⣬ָѾܺˣ
ƾһ÷÷߬Ǯһ⸬˼ҡ
⸬ϣкȫ
÷÷ļȫˣģ
ʳȻ⣬Ҷȱˮûĸ˼ҿϰƱתøˡ÷÷˵Ҳмأͷ˭ô󷽣
÷÷˵ˣȳ԰ɡ
ȡһƬ⸬ԣ⸬ûˮ̲סˡ⸬ӲģŨŨĽζӿԽԽζ⸬ﱻҲûȥ
Ҫÿһζˣ˱ÿһζȥؼסζ
óԣóԣ÷÷޵
ָߵʳƷֻо¥С
лͺˣʮһ۶ã˵ïյİǰһ廨⣬ĺ
÷÷һ廨ʲôĺҶү׹Ů
˵ʮһˣʮһ÷÷ҲǵС
÷÷֪Щ⸬ǰߵĹǰͬ־ҪԵĿ֪ΪΣȻĵĽ


31 
ĩ,Ҷû¸ɣ½½⣬ε廨ġ
Ҷȡⲿֵİ,͡ĲгӴн⡢Ͻ͡Ͼ,һۣ͹ը
һըˮ֣ըڶըڡɢζմŷĽ,ҧø̴,ȴ,ʵ,ǲɶõĸʳ
ҶʲôɸΪ֮,û֮ǰ֪Լô
ֽ˼͸¥µ̡
ܸһ,ȫĸԼһ˵أ˹ǰһ㡣
жʱҶҲѿ˵ؽ,Ĺ涨Ѳ԰ֻΪ׹ѾӵԵ,Ӳշһ˵ء
Ҷ,ժϻ۾ʡ˵ǰǰʱˣ
ǰʮû˸ף˸ڿԮսĶӶϱҲͬƽʱ϶һЩ
Ҷͷ,˵,̳ɡ
ϻۺã,Ϲͷʲô⡣ŵǰ԰ɣǵ㹤ʣԼս鲻ãèDD
ֻҶǲͷʲôǰĹʽСǵ㹤ʡǮŶɣ
ЩǮȫҶĶտʼΪ˷Ժǰһû⼸ܳһС⡣
ҶֽÿӼһ飬Це˵Ҳзݣµˣ
иԡ
ζðϺ͵˵ըʳƷڶӺܾûǵ˵޷ܾջ
˵ˣһ㱡ϣй˱ǵ㡣ͷ׾ֱܷϵĹɣ㡢˽ǡƤɲݡƤ
뵱ǰܼҹа˸ӣʦΪ׵λʹöˮһʱΪ˽ʳһ뵹һ롣ʱ뵽нĹ⾰
ѹû⹩Ӧһⶼѡ
Ҷͷʰֽֽŵͽ˳Ⱦѩ׵Ĳݸֽ
ѽ̵ͼֽŪˣæͳá
̲ס˳飬ϵЦݽʧһܸƳͼֽҪǸǰƢʮͷ¿סǰһŹײ
ʵ㲻Ϻơƽ׽ˣܲסѹǰ˿ԴҶҲͶ˼̺շû뵽DD
ϵͼֽ50x30Ҷһ滭һ龫ϸԪԼһеģ֪ͼֽԶһʦ塣һһīˮһնԻٵͼֽ
Ҷϸе㶫һżɵ·ֲԪƸ壬ѹֹǰཻҲһʦᵽǰ׳
ˣûϵӲ˵
ҶһᣬͼֽյԼİ˵ͼֽȸңͷһһġ
ûָҶͻһһģֻǲ֪ߵغ
ˣ㻹Ұɣ
Ҷ˵꣬ͼֽʧˡ
Ǹ֪ԼˣÿˡҶ׳˵̣һ⻹ɢع˶Ĳ档
ڷϸ廹мţҲżŰҶߵͼֽҪˡ

ϱ߾
һܺ󣬲սʿʵר˱߾һĻмż
˵Ǽҳӵļ飬鵽ǰȴʮصİϻʵġΧսʿĽ˵ôĹҵģɣ
ܲһļ飡ս̸
ǰӣװ⣬ⷭҲһż顣Ȼǰ̵սѣǼкüҳ
ǰڴȻ˼֣ڻŶд˼š֯ӡЬֶԱȰѹǰеЩ
ѽöãô㵽ô⣿
ͷ˵ǰԣҲǸ˵սʿӪսʿǰ߳ѹغ˳߲˹ͷԼĺҲⲻס
һ⣬óԵ£ɶʱôˣ
ǰһŵۻһĳޡܵ쵼˸˼ϸ΢ǿսۼطһϸڣ
ǰӣһ鷢ûţаһ顣
мľ٣˶дļӴľ٣ӷϱզôġզôã֪Ҿȱһ˫ӣ
߾ȣ꣬ûЬഩսʿýšƤѢ߾࣬սʿǳҪŽ˼
ϴ˵СѧĻֶʶ´֣̽ѧдšʶǿɲУԺզͨ
Щȫǹǰפϱ߽սѣ»鱻ɻغ󷽣սȴûлعңȻ֪Ҷ顣ǲ֪ҶȻСѧҵȴһе˽ʦǵʶ֣ƤԹӻ
ǰպɣҶûдűǲд˼
ʫȹǰ࣬ҲܶʱֻǲԸ⶯ѡƭ˵ȫ˲ĵط
һº
ӡ˫ĦǰָӲӱءһƬǹֵ֮Уǰڻ𣬷ǰ˵ĵзķףΪսʤȡʱ
ȻٽС֮£ǱͶˡ
ǰڵϣǰظĸ쵼սѡ
Ҷ
ûмҵˣǰôһļңϧҪһҪʳԵˡ

սؾҽԺ
ҦӼгӵ߷ϣ꼸̨ժ֣ǰĲ˼ۡ
ôÿ㶼һ˺ۣ
Ҧһļ䣬ǰҶʹһܣĻ䱼սһսۺǰȻȴõһȹų
صԾɳܲݣһֱڵ˲ŰѻˡϴҦ겻żص󷽣Ǹܵء˼ûˣֵˮݣҪ˲֡
ôõˣҶộȻҶϧͲˡ
ǰҪİˣһÿ춼ÿģʵ㡣
һҦΪȥ˹ǰΪʱֻССͬһʱԺﻹмӪ׷Ҧûаѹǰ
ùӢһֱԺʮȥҦΪɷֵסţũ
ǰȴѾס˸ʽС󷿣оڼɶٶٳ⡣ǸũŮ˴ŵ·˵Ŵ³Ļ
ü޶ˣĶվߡ
źȻ򿪣ҦĻ䱻жϡ
ҴææԺһǩֵĵԸ쵼мսʿҪתƵ󷽣̫ˣƵ
Ҧ꾴˸񣬡쵼Ըչ˲ˣһεתƣ
һҦԸԳظŹǰcʡʡҽԺ

һС
Ҷ۾ǰĵ·ǮСɵ°ťϾɵﴫ̡ĵԼģĵ̨
ֺǺǵǮСɵļĴָܲ
ǮСɽͦˣʦѧܲУ
ΪܲǮСɸ˾޴Ĵۣ˫ĥ˺ۣ۴úںģҹҹڷܿѧҪԼпҲҪѼ
Ҷʦټ٣˴ˣǮСҪƴȫץסʹϵıѧϡûпɿĺ󱳣ֻбһȡ޲׬Ǯĺĸĸ
ҶǮСɵͷѩľͷͣȥСɣ
֪ʶԴյѧҶİѧйɺݾ
ϵıҶֻۡʮĿԷΧܵңĺǷϵúܣԶ˵пޡ
ϾԶ游ĸĸλ빤ˣҲӮ˭ƴȥܣƴŮӣҶǳ͡
ǮСɣһ齻
ǮСһû˳Ĵͷ¶˲ɳ֮ء
ѧҶصԺ
쵼е˰칫ңصصݸһšҶΪǹǰµĽֺǺǵű¥߲߱š
װҶչżѡлῴʱ˵Ѿˡÿսʿսǰдһ飬ϣԶõϣˣԲ𡭡
Ҷ࿩һ£Ȼ̫Ѩ
Ѿʹᡣ
Ҷȴϸȷ飬Ʋǰ϶븺ˣž˵ʱŮȡ۵ĸϷ
Ҷϸؿ˹ǰġ顱дõͦĲɵģԹ
죬쵼ų壬ǰûй٣ʡҽԺˡҶлû£ǰΪ˺ܽŬȫԼȫȫβ
ٵ쵼¥ֹǰⰮ˲һšž˰ļǿ侲
ǰ뿪ʱ䣬Ҷ͡ԡѹЩǹǡҵеʵ
ҪҶǰ𾢣϶ټȥ̽ܲסѹˣǾ͡޶Ҫм±пˣ޶ǵǰҪ
ǰѺһʱҲ١


32 
ʡҽԺ
ǰ֮ʱ,˫ĿһƬڡ
ʿ˲ɺԵ촽΢˵˻
չȥ,׳˵ʲô
ǰļƬ,һڼһȴǰߡ
Ϣ΢ʡǼ¼ţ㣿ôˣҲû𡭡
ʿ۾գ䱨ڣֱʱ䡰ϰ˵㡣
ʱ,ȻʶʲôԾ,ͺһ,ַŵǰǰ˼¡֮Ƶ׳,۾˿
ǰ˵ûб,һ˯˼ꣿ
ʿ㵵̶ղ,ԾظϽҽ
ǰĲҽһѮϽڣǳо,˲ǰ˼Ƭ,һƷ
ҦϢ,оһ췭ظ
ǸսӢۣôᣬôܾϹˣ
ǰҽĵ˵λ쵼ͷ­Ѫʱѹ񾭣Ѫ˾ܿˡʧֻʱ,ᡢҲǿ,ָܻġ
ԭֻʱԵģҦŷ
ʱϹ˺ãĿӡǰ鴴ˣʱ϶ǳˡ
֪ǰѹ,Ҧ겻æʱȥĲļ䡣ԭΪѾˣٻ˱ܻϴڲһ軰٣ٲȻͨ·ˡ
û뵽Ȼ˼䣬żҲʻˡҦʱֻҪһпգᵽ͹ǰơ
ǰķǿ̶̼ͬѧҦĿ׳ȷʵ1960꣬ĸǰꡣ
ǰܵ˵һĬ˼졣
Ҧ귢ֹǰֲ˵ˣ·¡ѾҽԺס˰£ҶҲû̽Ҳһ㡣
Ҧ㿪ǰǲҶ
иǰߵɷ϶ˣĽ侲սʿ
ǰüͷϢ˲ˡ
лҶİ֣ЩϤȻ˲ӱ
Ҧ̾һҽԺĸ˵սʿһǰ㴲ˣҲܹµɣҪҪҸ绰
˵סԼ죬ǰżӦͽӵϢˣ϶ʲôԭ򵢸סˡȻûм̵ԸȢ϶ܺòðԸ
Ҧ֮һ¶㣬ѰɨDD
ĸ֮ý֮һˣﻹַ⽨ࡣ
ǰеԭҶǶ󣬻ӣ
ǰЩҶ˳ӡĶ̫ܶġȻϸĥͬѧ˵Ľ侲ܸоЩ˵ͻأ
ҦǰһģҲ֪Լеżˣ˵Щ㲻Ҷʱʱظˮ췹Сձֽ
ʿ飬Ҧꡰ˳֡ȫˡᣬĲ˼û˵õġ

ҦŹǰҶ֮ʣ飬Ļ䣬Ը̸Ҷ
ǰһסԺĻмǰսѡ
ǶһǶ˹ǰǰֻһСʿڴ̾
һϱˣܵļͥůҲܹˣ˹ǰεӰֻһˣ
һֱûǰߵսʿûлع󷽵ľˣȻûкҶ档
һϱţ仨ԱҶʱţ仨ȻסĻ
ȵȣģû˼ʦţˡ
Ҫôһһ¨㡢ҪôһһͷҰòУȥﶼ˽һʦ
Ȼ˼ֻСѧĻȴȥ˳ʦƷƷʵ
һҶţţ仨˵Ҷ㡢׽Ұ飬һȫǼëƤ¡
㻹ֵ׽ҰҲǹǰڵģҶʲô£
ΨҶı˸ʦְλƤֵܵĹʶܣֵܰͰֻͷֻԡ⣬鵽ֻܳԳͷһֵֻ⡭
һ˻Ӱһζ
ǰĶãʵӲƴڲһɶõĿţĻȴǫ飬ʮ;ͨ˲ӹѧпˣÿȴԼ˿óɻΪ
Ƕû˵ǰԸֻԿʵˣţ仨˽Լ裬ˡ
һ˵˼ҷ޵ˣεõģ褴ƸǣһԸһԸ
˼һָǱ鵢סˡ

Ժ
ҶͼԭԭػͼֽǾģûչǰģ
ҶƤһҲ˵ϰɡ
Ҷôһջ֣ˡ
ԼǰŸˣ̾ͺذͼֽͰˡҶ֣תת
Ұͼֽԭԭˣ̲𣿡
鵭ģ㻹С£˵ԭԭԺ󲻸ҾѾллˡ
ҶרҵȻܵ裿ɲ̡
ҡҡͷһͬ˵־ߣܶΰʱѾ¶˵ĲŻˡһˣɼǷ˾Ĵ󡣡
һЦе˵򿪿ɣҪģҪЦġҪԭͼƾղŶҵ裬ɵôӦһ¡
Ҫ˳ëƫҪǷŻԶݣ
ǡ

붼ƻͼֽˣôǰϱӵġÿģ
Դѧıͬģ󻹵ȥάѺá¿̫Ϊˡ
ҪôҶˣԺ󲻻ͷ͵óԵô죿ʵ̫ˡ
⿪ϸ̯Ҷͼֽ
Ȼס
ͳϻϣͬʱڳ﷭Ŵ󾵣ϸؿĳǷӶ˵طĳԪǷ񰲶λá
ԲԣʮԪ̫ˣ׼ǻ졣óԼָ壬аּһ顣
Ȼȫһ£
ʹˣ;ͷͼǼģӦٽ塣ʱܿԣͼֽҲ
ʲôҶȻˣ
ã˵ãӦ㡣˵˵ʲô¡
ҶЦЦ˵ҿɲ֪Ժ֪ȸŰɡ
ĬĬֹ²ҪǷС㵹Կ

Ҷ̵ͼֽյǰߴϢþȥ㻤ŷͷһ飬߸ѧУ˼٣Ϊظ޶ǵ
ŲӷĻƱxСҶıȫʳ˵ǰûɶʳгûйӦ⣬ǰⲹҲǾľˡ
ô춯أǰҪ֪ΪһЩ£ָöЦأ
ٵʱ򣬳˿ͳԼʳеǺͷе̵ĲҶе¿ˮҶڻĳһֻ±˶ڿĺʹʿˮ
Щð̹ߣ·ںҶôмԡ
ҶϽѼԹˣЩѵ߲ųʧ
Žţ»𳵱˽Ӧսʿһȥ˹ǰĲ
ҶƿţһŮٱš־ĦƲʡ
ֻǸŮ˴ѩ׵Ĵӣü۾͸˫Ŀˮ۲ѩ׵Ƥϸȡ
ǰͷϵűһֻŴʯ֧ϵڰС
ദǢͼҶһ㶡
սʿȻһ˵ɩӣ㿴ҦҽƯɣҵһμҲ顣
ҶƲͷƲ첻м⡭ҲƯ
ܿҶӦѾԭǸСŮģˡҪԭģбʲô£
ҶߵǰĴǰģӰͳһƿţ̣˸ӵݵ˹ǰǰ
Ȱɣڴ˼վͬ־ధ˺ܾòŷֵġ
ǰһûһЦˡ


33 
ţ̵ȻҶȥվҵ,ֱ̨ҵġ
ҶҲ±ȥ飬Ƚʶһɾũͬ־һվ,Ҷĳμҷ·վȥк죬˼ұռµţ̡
ţ̸ˮȹɿ,䲡ǹζ
ҶҵƿǵݸǰǰͷһûҵƿڵλáĴָĦһ²źţ̡
Ҷŷˣڹǰǰ˻Ρ
Ϊ˴Ů,ȻŪϹˣ
ʲôƨ飡
ǰ۾ں,˵ʱ,ڵͫ,ôÿһ˫۾ȻϹˣ
ҶдһĻ硣
,ԱߵĻʿսʿ˵Ͳ鷳,Ҹǰе强Ҫ˵
Ҧҧҧ˵ҵøһЩעߡ
ҶǺһ
ǰ촽մһȦ,ȥĴȻͷߵա
ϵĶذѲǰ˵۾,ǵ۾,Ҳסˡ
ҶŨŨָ𡰹ǰ˵õĲԼˣô㣡
ڴĲ˷ۡˮһصġҵĿ
Ҧ𾪵û뵽ҶȻôҲ̫̫̫˷绯ˣ
컯֮µű˵,Ů˶ô³ô
ȻҦоѾС,ںҲڴ£ȴʼ޷˵˼,ֽ̰ӱ˼Ҵһ¡
ļ꣬ȫȥ͸Ľ
ǲɶƵظ˼ӵĻȡ
Ҷ֮תͷǡͬ־ʲô飿ɲҲǷҪǣôߣ
Ҷ仰뿪ڴĲƲͷӡ
ֻʣ¹ǰҶˡ
ǰϱһڣ˵彩סˡ
Ͼ֪еİˣȻһסǰȻǵûʲô飬ȴܵ𶯡
Ҷϵζ˸еϤʣҪǻһˣͱǰʶƿ
ɼ岻ųҶ
ǰĶ佥ˣŴ˵
ҶǰϦദ˼£ϸ΢ĶӱȡһЩóԵĶ
Լܵ˹ǰ衢ĮЩǰ᲻˼ˣľľš
Ҷ˵㻹ûгԷɣҸϲԵĶ⣬ȥȣȵȡ
ǶǸڴǸǺס޹·ˣ۾ˡű䡣
Ҷ뿪Ƕɩӿͦģоô
Ϊһ۲΢ָԱǰ⼸첻ϵ˲òɣǰҹ˹ǰǰûзˬسˡ
оеԲ
ǶԳԵЦҲףȥͻȻ˸ϱܺܿӦҲûҰ㿴˿ͦġ
һ
ȥ˸ϱǰ˺ܾõ׼ǹŰҶ½ӵԺǹǰġɶҲûϵϱǰ͸Ӳ˸ŮƵġ
һᣬҶܿˡ
ڵķУݵ˹ǰǰ
廨ⱻŴãڴǶˮ̲סˣĵ˸ûĵȫͬ
ǰؽӹ˷Уһһ⣬˹ٶȴؽ緹
֪ΪҽԺĻʳزܣԼϱˡ
Ƕ˽׶ΣȻҲܳԵҽԺ⣬һͼж⣬ǰһ緹а⣿
ʱϸʣһⰮϧؾ׽죬˵˵ĸзݳԵ⡣󷽵ͨϰգѾܾûմζˡ
Ҷ̵ķУ鱨ȻǼٵġ۹ǰڵسϱ⣬ĬĬ˵رȥ
ҶʱͳһֻҶ˿Ǵڹǰ
ÿԸõÿ졣
ҶĳȽũ͵ģ˵Ǳˮ㣬ҶʱҶֲʳɶϡģ
յ˼ĲҶ˼治ǴġСƵ裬ںһİҶϵ˼ֻҶ
ò±Ƕء
ǶĶ֧һ£ʲôвҶ
ĸûȥûּǰǰĻʳǺܲģ˵ǴСʳģִ֮ûԹĿࡣ
ҶĲҶ峺ζ־ãֹʣǰһֻܾ֮ڻζ
ôóԵĲҶǰǵһγ
Ҷ˹ǰζı飬ЩʱûԹʲôõĶ˺ۡ˫ĿʧҶҽԺĵһۣоãĺӣСֽ
ˣҶԼصĲҶ˳ְһֻݸǰ
ǰڵʱҶúˣһļûбҶֻòҶҶԼԡ˳ؼĵҶ͸ũͬ־ǡ
Ҷϧ˵԰ɣﻹءɿҲһ֪ʲʺϳɿʹҽٸ㡣
ǰĵɣûУ
ǰһ㲻˵
Ƕƿӣ⻹û꣬һ緹ڽӶô廨вҶҶ˻ɿĩ˻һɣ
Ҷ˵㲻ˣˣǰʧˡûɿǸˮǺǡ
Ҷɿɿһ͹ǰȥٻ̵꣬ʶץһɿط˻ȥǿԼϲɿ
Ҷùǰˣ˼άɢʧˡǵǷʲô¡ָΪƽʱ
һػصĺûᡣͷӿҶҡҡͷӵ
ҶŹǰͷ飬ʫȶȶ
ҶӴ˹Ҳֻʣˣȶ͸ůȺͼ顣
ҶһֻҲӦ˻Ƶĺ質ⱻŵءΪʲôҵﳣˮΪҶذ
Щ˰ʫְʫоҶ꣬˶ڿ
סڸ߼ļ˵սʿʱʫ裬֮Ȼᡣ
ããʦǶ˵
һװɣ
סŵ˶һȺˣΪ˺ƽ¸ƴˡּȵʫ˾
ǰĶʫ裬̨ûҪãʫ
ҶһסòƣءΪֻǲһ
ǰ˲ͷӿһ·սڻе֮ԺֵӰӡ
Ҷĵسŷҵڳæµľ
һƬãȻ֮УҰ･һģӰ
Ҷţ˫ڹǰǰ˻Σ۾ֶ˶
ǰܿˣ֪ʫָҾͶˡҶ٩
ǰͷȻܿˣҴؼҰɡûʡҽԺãȥ˷Щ
磬ҶȥԺ̸תԺ⡣
ԺȻܾҶ룬˵ٹ۲һʱ䣬쵼ҽԺŸҷˡ
ҶŲӿĽţȥùݿ˼䷿ס˽ȥ
ҶͳԼԶżһ⿴꣬ЩȫϴδʶѸġ
ҶӶӳţǸлҶĲҶرʾЩҶֵǮ
ֿҶһѣͷҲûҪˡ깤Ч治ãкܶ೧ֱǴղҶЩӵˣʣµĲҶҲܾҪϲͷӼĵ㣬ҪټĲҶˡ
ҶǱһĺò裬ôڲֿأ
ʽдһţòӳȥţԸӯԼȥ·ҶʳϹġ
Ҷ͵ù˯һƱӪ˼ֻͷͶȥҽԺ
û뵽սҽԺǰѾ緹ˡ
Ҧ꿴ʱӣЦص׳ҽԺӪܾ⣬ɩԺô鷳׼ʳˡ
Ҷ̣һȥŶİӡ
ѰӵݸǰǰģҪ˷ʳˡ
ǰ̫԰ӣͳһ棬Ҷһڣ˳ӵسˡ
ӿһֵζҶҪȻܾȻʶ˼
Ҷȥǰϴϴ·عͷҦڸǰֽ
Ҧվʱһˤ˴ߣһǰ·ҶӽˤĻ
ҦϿҵصǸԲǰҽֵ̫ãЩѪǡ
ͷֱؿԼҶɩ㲻ҪᡭֻǨDD
ҶһĻԭҡڲĺȻˣŮֻ΢Сҡ
ȻǵˣǾ͸ˡ
תͷŹǰ˵㲡ˡҲϴ绰ңչ㣬֪ˡǰͬ־ȥ֮һ֯ݽһ飬ϣͬ⡣
ҶˮըץԼİ뿪ҽԺ
ǰҶĻֲ죬֪ʲôζֻŶȻӿһİɬĸо
һѳϵıĵʹӴϷŸոմ˱ˤصˤڵϡ
ǰĹ۲ϸ΢Ҷ֪Լʧˣ֪ȴ˵Ļɬ

ϣҶصcУϴһʼԼĶ
ϰٽûһƱûʳƱǰĹһûصúúõġϸһʱǺܸеġ
˹ǰƬѧʱĹǰӢǷʱûüմȾս̣ľʱӵܵζҪڲӢ顢걧ˡ
Ҷһ뱨棬дһ룬ͣ
ǰд飬Һܸܹʶ㡢ԵһůļңԸĸ֮Ҹ˵顣
ܿϧûаڹϲƣʵҿó㲢ôϲҡԺܹοһЩϣҸ֡
ĩժĻӢʫhenyouareold
˰꼻һֵӰòαΩһǳʥߵġ
ҶѰŻ˹ҵҡڼͷ֮䡣
ԼĿׯʧȥǰ
һºҶյ˹ǰӵϢ
Ҷ׼˺þƺò˵һһ٣ȻһûȵˡգȥͬʱӵǶ
Ƕ˼Ƭ˵㻹֪ɣǰܲǵˣǻشطˡǰûᣬסԼ
ǶҶ˹˼ҵլ
Ҷ³˶סˣӳһ԰С¥ʽĽʱĽ
Ƕ壬ƿš
˵¥ԭ˼Ҿ˹ң˲֮ӱ
Ҷ룬ѹֹǰô£ͷƱôѵã¹Ŵĳǰľ·
Ҷƿţ߽ȥ֮ţֹǰܱվţһᱡʳÿſӶؾصϵȥ
ڴͷ룬ֱֱֱͦġѩ׵ĳֽý
רעطҳֻǵջĿ⣬ǲϵҶһ
ҶôõһĻ·ᵽḯζֿˣ


34 
Ҷϵǰ,ݰá
ѹǰе˳ЦеʡǶ˵㲻ǵˣǰ,㻹ϵ𣿡
ǰ̧ͷ,һ˿
ϵá
վҶҸҵȵĶ
ҶܱߵɳŹǰԶȥӰ,ӶߴĹǼ,һûɹƤ˵ɫ,ӿ۳,ǸԸС
ǳصǸ,ǰ,ҽԺˣҲ֪㲻ǵˡ
һú,ʲôǵˡû̸ɣ㲻ϳ׵ɨDD
һ²,ǰ˺ܶ,ȴø졢ζںڴͷͦεˣȫҶΪ֮ԡ
Ű׳,˿,ϳһֻԶ۲ζ˼ֻ
ǰӹһȶ,ҡĥĵذѿȶĥɷĩ׵Ŀȱˮ´ɰ׵ıţȵĹǽںͱӳȤ
ְѿȶӵʱ򣬳΢΢¶ӲӲƤһ㸹
Ҷ˫ֳ°һĻ
ȻҶ˵ǰļͥãҶûûóԲˣǰȻôס
ǰô¾ҲһԺú˻ܳԵ𣿹ǰ
ڳ˿ȵǰһȵҶǰƬ̺ת˸˻
˵ԲҶ㲻
ȺɿСһ仰ҶҵؿҽԺɿ̽ǰ顣
¾Ȼ֪ˣǰʵ֪ǵˣ
ǿ֧£ҶæؽӹȺô᣿Һȵˣϲˡ˵ˡ
ǰݺضһĨЦݣ𣿡
ҷǰռǣд㲻ܳɿҲܨDD
ҶôҲ뵽ԼȻռǱϣǰôռд㼦ëƤĶ
ܻǱܣ治Ĳ˵ƭģǲܳԣֻǲϲԣϲѽϲĶ̻ܽܡ
һҵıף⳹ͬǰҲӲסҶĻˡ
ذҶǰĿȳ˲Ҷ
Ҷ˼Ǻ˵ҽԺʱҪ鱨桢д룬ҿǹˣϣ飬DD
Ҷڿɲ飬ڻھͷϣȻֿԺöǡ
ҡͷ˵̫Ż˵ģľͷҹ𳵻صҵһϣҲ绰ңȻʱϹˡǵˣܻúõģ
Ƕսű仰͵Ц̿رͷƣ
˵Ȼȥˣ绹йҪ㱨ǰҲһ㡣
Ҷһ裬ʹǰôûлؼңصظ˺⡣
ǰǲ̫ϰôǣŰҶԭλã˵ҹŵcУ´㣬һЩ
ҶĺȻ˵ϣԭûҪ־ӣǰǰǸõĹǰ
չȥץס˹ǰ֣ڻȥɣҪ緹ˣʲôԵĶûУǻؾ
ǰüźۼس֡
ҶҲ⣬һʱŤһ͹ȥˡʰؼҡ
˻ؾԺĹ
ϣҶʹǰǶ˵ǼҵĴլӲǾ𣿡
ʱһʹ̶ʲɲһ£ȻҶմʱػʳһƱ¡
ӻʳӱȱȽǣеͨҶҲѣ˵ȫҪ
ǰͦñֱΣҶ΢΢üʵƫͷԵ˵
ˣû裬ҹһЩ
Ҷصͷ˺ãвӷֵķӣȻҲסˡעʣһ֪ġ
ҪסڼƽĴ󷿣ǰָñŤʲôʱ򡣻صǸС䣬̧ͷͷģٲǵ£黹Ѹ£ҶѾܹԲԺҹľʡ
ǰؿҶһۣòջĿ⡣
Ժ
صԺҶ̵Ĳ˵ժ˼ʵĻƹϣʹǰϴԼͷˡ
ӵСǹǰΪӪŷֵģ˵İĵط
㿴ܲԼʲô㶫Ǳϯ¼ʱġ
ǰŵӦһ
Ҷ˸ˣҹĶӡ
̧ͷ㷢ֹǰ˳룬һļؿһҶֹͣˡ
ǰذҶ鱨濴ˣϸЦЦı顣
뱨㶼ˣ
Ҷ֪ǰôôطоԼѾ˺öΡ
ϵذѱ˺ˣˣҪԷ
Ҷȿˮϴϴӣɾŵݸǰ
԰ɣҽԺĻʳӦò̫ã⼸˺öࡣ
ҶóԵû˵Ӹ󣬺óԵĶûٳԹָⶮí˾оóԵʳ
Ŵ÷⣬÷ʶر·ȷʵҽԺûеζǰһ뷹
ԱҶȥˡ
ǰط˵ƷӵõǣʣԾرɨ
ɨ󣬹ǰȥϣӵĻ㱨
Ҷ˯һȡƱһƱڷһ廨⡢һͲǡ
ʦҶЦʡ˵ǰˣ
ӵ˾ǰĳƵģϲһʲô紵ݶòˡ
ʦҶһֻӣǰ壬ÿιӺ󶼻ʳóһֻ
ȴˣʦ϶˵̫ˡ
ű˵ûĹͷһͲ͸Ҷȥҵȣÿζȫȫβػס
ҶܾˣҾӳԣӻʦԼĳ԰ɣ
һֻҪƱôҶɲôصĶжһʳ߳˳
뿪ʳõʱҶҦꡣ
ҦһȺ˴ӵʳóԷһ֮кüδĹǵˡ
·ĳľټҦ꣬ͳƱˬ˵һɣúþòԽԽˣ
ҦֵЦЦû˵
üûմζĽؿȺ¡׵ˡ
ʳľɩ۵Ҧꣿÿ濡˵Ů޿ˣȥˡ
ȥҲ㲻۴Ժܸɵ˿ɶȥ˨DDǰΪľ٣Ǵȹīˮġ
˲ͬ˵ˣһҦͬ־Ůͬ־Ҳμˡ˵Ҧͬ־ǰ͹ͬ־ǰǡϧˡ
ԵԽԽС
÷÷ŷ·Ȼ˻⣬ɫҾͲͬˣŮҲܶ죬ôͲһ
Ĳᣬͬ־İ˿ʡȽʦϧɶϧͬ־ûʦȽ𣿡
Ҷò𴽣ͷһ䡰ŮûʲôˡôԱ
÷÷̿Ҷһ뿪ʳá
صҺҶһ廨⣬⽬Ρн͡塢ۡһСʱ
Ȼȡ˸ǿۣһ۷һʱ䣬ߦߦһƬʦ̵ķӣһڳ죬һڣڻһ𣬰
һÿӣŽ
ϣǰصұŵһŨ
ҶŹǰ֣˵ǰ˵ÿιӺҪһٰӣԳƤԸʹˡϴϴֿ԰ɣ
ͳʮֻӣÿһֻȹǰȭͷֻֻԲѩףŸճ¯ˮȷʵǿԳƤԸʹķ
ǰ£㱻һֻ̺ģ㡣
Ҷ԰ɡҳԹˡŲĿ⡣
Ȼ߳ԹˣҶɲŹǰֵϰߡ
ʳõʳмĺóԣ
ʲôġҵģԵġҶ˵ţЦеذѰ
ԼҧһڣƤ˱ڣζŨã廨ģһζӻ˵㽴֭
سֻŵòˡǰȻԵ˹ٶȴҲֻ֪
νů˼ҶԱ֮󣬲ɾ֣צ˹ǰ
ոմ߻ˣһ̵֦ĶƿӲļ⡣õ壬һʹһ졣
ǰÿҶ֣ȭȣصҶͬ־ҾǻҪʶһʱ䣬̫ʡ
Ҷо仰е㲻ԾһᣬõļͣⲻǰԹǰ˵Ļ


35 
ǺҶؿŹǰӰͳһ״,ڵϴ˵˯
Ҷ֧ԴڴϣؿŹǰ𣿡
ǰϱ,˵ᣬ涼ô˯,˯ɡ
Ҷɵ²ۣʧ䵹УѲɻ׷һΣ
ˣ˱,Ĵһ˯ˬ

ա
һ,Ҷ̹ǰʹƱƱ,װƱݵĹ,ͳƱ
ڳԷҪƾƱ,ѧУؼ,緹ԼýƱڹ
˹ǰƱԼһƱ
ǰÿ·ݶ⡢Ｆ,˵ôݳ޻ӻҶ󲡳ķϣַǳˬ
ǰЩƱ,ͷŽԼԴҶ,𴽣֪ˡ
Ҷͷ棬ȥѧУ
߽ңǮСɺѩһ飬Ŀƴһ,źܶԪ,أ²شһ,۾ؿǡ
ѩѵϣת硣˵۾ﶼ˸˾桢
ۨDDð
ֻʦİ칫ҲŰ೤ǰĽҰһԺҲˡ
ͷܰѧȻװġԴǸҶӴ˺ܶϾɵضɴѾժ¡
ҸԼòҾõͬѧѾһֱֻµĳ˵ȣſھҪһ
ѩЦȥȥȥǮأ˾ȥˮϴϴ
ҶһĻ¶Цݣ֣ͬѧǸϿˣصԼλϡ
ǮСɿҶ̱űߵȥʦ޺ˣᵽİ칫ң
꼶ѧάС顱ŨѧϰȤÿκ󶼻һ̽ѧ֪ʶ
ȴ̫ˣй̲ԴҶõĲ𣬽·ݺͲóȺٵֱˡ
ϿһڰΡ
Ҷڿϣ˵ͬѧǣ´ҶһġÿеġУȥרľרµ¡ҪСʧDD
һɫҪĿŵóԶҪĶǿϴѧѧϰרҵ֪ʶǻᷢЩֱֻСơʦϣǵһֻ
ʦϣȥɻȥ޹·ȱ˲š
Ҷһû˵꣬һ˫˫Ƶ۾ضȥɻһô˼顣
ѻȸһ˰Щ£ʦָǿЦˡ
ҶʵΪʲôУ
طõĳУŬһ¾ͿԿõĸУõĴѧΪصѧıҵʱԼʵܹѾȱĺӶ˺ܶᡣ
顢ѣӦץʱȫ඼ȡϸСһ·ѧʦϣǲҪбҵȥͳͳҿѧУһҲҪ¡
ѧȺġǰûиôңԶ飬ҶȴõǰȫϸСר
¶ô˼飬˸ȥеķɻ·һλõɫʡ
ǮСɱ뱨õרҶһı⣬ҪȥСѧҪȥҪȥɻ
һʡʦҲǴѧҵ𣿡
ҶҡҡͷʦֻСѧĻҵġ
һ仰ˣ˸뿴ҶʦôȻֻСѧҵģôʵĴѧǸ
ҪҶˮƽߡѳ׵۷ǰǷ϶ۿۡǼᶨƵţʦ˵Ķġ֣΢ŬһѾܿϸУȥɻ
Ҷ˵ʦ޸еĿγ̣һμӿԡ׼пʦ׼߿
Це˵ͬѧǲҪʦŶ
ͬѧǷ׷׻شǿ϶ġ
ǻҪñʦ
ģһһеĸУѩվᶨغ
кܶ಻ϲѧϰһֻҵɻŮѧǸҶӴ˿ѧ֪ʶ򵽿ѧ϶Ŀ貵ĹâԼ˫Ǯһ˰ʧѧͬһ顣
ҲҶĻȥѧ￴ɻôģȥҪ˲ţ
һӣǵУȴúˮŬȥѿ

¿κҶص칫ҡ
ջص칫ң½ʦ˸šͷ󺹣תȥ㡰ʦҴһڿΰɣҼе㼱£ϻȥ
㿴ۿαǰһҵĿΣûգ½ʦұ˰ɡ
½ʦ˰죬ûҵʵʦвʦͲ࣬ÿ˵Ŀγ̶ŵģûܹհΡ
Ҷס½ʦЦеʡ½ʦ㿴ô
һҶʮƱۿɼؼ١вѧѾҶѹեòˣʳٶٻ
Ҷ뵽вתתƣƸȻƽʱֻܰæĸҵһֱûҵᡣⲻ
ʦ˵С̳̽û⣬ǸеĿѽ
ҶɫôУ޸пγ̣ѧʻȺ㲻Ҫæȥҵˡ
½ʦȻ֮ãסҶúúãʦҶڿΣͷҰѹʿ۸㡣
ҶЦŨŨ˵ˣ֮ͶѣҶͬӦû
ûѼǮҰĿǳ󺣡
Ҷһ仰ɰ½ʦжùǺۿʪʰöɿ뿪˰칫ҡ
Ϊε㣬ӳһűݸҶ׼ҪҵҶпҲץʱ׼׼βأϵõҵ֤ˡСҪμӸ߿𣿡
ű£Ҷӹ৵ȫԼ֣ȻҪμӵġ
ͷĸ߿ͺ̫һΪϢͺ󡢼ϵͳܹʹõϣҪд־ԸѧУȸ߿󣬴ѧٸݿ¼ȡѧ
ҶԤıдˡ󡱣רҵǵӹ̡زϱбϵڻһ̨ûֻñ˵ӹרҵ
ԭҶҶֻǲѧѣû뵽Ȼ׼߿
ͷѸٵؿҶһۣվȥҶдı
ϵı嵭ûʲôʾ˱񡣶ȴʵʵڵסˡ
ǻõصѧ֮һڻרҵר͸еѧͬרʵԣרҵӸбҵ
Ҷ˴ѧôȫȫһһӾܵǵǰͷѧϡøƵģ÷÷Ϊѧߣʶͨʦʮ顣
ÿ¶ʮ飬һ൱ڶֱһ
ʦĴָС־û뵽ôϽҪ濼ˣУ϶øְλúðѴѧٻ
ʦȻЦĬʮҪ濼˴ѧ˼һһصСط顣ѧǰ乤ġ
ҶЦЦûӻ½ʦĿα˿ϿȥвϿˡ


36 
Ҷ2ི,2ѧΣˣֵûвڰ塢̨һҳ
ҶЦеϽ̨,ֳֵѧû˵ʲô,ֻĬĬز˺ڰ塢ɾϵĻҳ
ͬѧǺãʦҴ½ʦһΡ
ҵѧҶİΪ㵽1Σк߻ҶΪ˲ѧŵҵ
2ѧûаҶ,ΪѧУѾ,Ƶʦܶ඼ûʲô,û뵽ѧУȻһжûбҵʦϿΡ
ҶĬĬ۱,鶯ķ۱ʼȲʳһʽ
ǰ,ţһ±ƻ,ƻΪʲôƫƫҵ,ǵգƻ˼ҿ˾ѧĻκ֮䶼໥
ϵţ˶fa,fg`r
Ҷ˵,ָٵһѧʽ
ǿ۽磬ʶʶʲôŽϰΣ
Ҷ򵥵ĻʼǳǳѸе֪ʶһ顣
ӿαժ˼ʾһܵĹʽⷨѧҶ˿κļϰ,ֻҪġ⹫ʽ,۾Ҳɽ
أѧ˵,岻ɵֱͷϿСĿ鲻֪ط¡
һʦûˮƽ׾ܱѧóˮ˼·Ͻͨ׵ѵ⣬ûȻʣǾ֪ʦˮƽ
һڿûôεѧҲĽ⼼ɣӵذ
¿κ2ܶͬѧΧסҶ⣬һ˫˫۾ﺬ֪гݡ
еݿɱġѶˣѧѧúõͬѧҲһѧȻҪƵĴѧƫƫÿ
ôɲΪõҵ֤ϴѧôҪñҵ֤Ҫ߿ſαֵɽ·ͻ
òһʦѧǻôסʸʹ죿
μҶϸѧɣϿ죬һÿεʦˣЩѧػؽҡ
Ҷ㼫ˣ׬ʳʱ̫ݣҲ᲻á
Цеضѧ˵ȥϿΰɣ´ʦûпεʱڰ칫ңʵͬѧμ䡢ѧ󶼿ҡ

ѧҶ鿴һԼĺֶ̨廨⡣
ʾ޶ĽˣƶǰһԴӰʧѧһѧУѾܾûйĽˡ
ҶȻëû޶ųеĺ޶ëǲġȺЧͼӰطǡ
Լ̵ȺҵȫϸСר°ܲܳԸָȺ޶ˡҪǸҲ˴ѧǷ׬ʳ
Ҷ˼·β׼ϰĹ
ʮĿԷΧ˵üԲơûн̸ϣѧǰκû㹻ϰָУûγԼĽⷽͷ˳Ա˳ܽЩͶȡɡĽ⼼ɣ
Ҷʰ칫ҵʦ˼Ŀʼ߿ĿҪ㡣
Ժ
߰ٴ˾ԺͬͬѧġٱľƣȽʦûˣҪȥسǵѧ
ѾõĽˣҪ߰ȾͲǶҲҪˡΪ˱סֻʵʵҶǸ˽ˡ
⳥Ҷһٿ飬๤ѧڣû»üﵹǮȥ⳥߰ȱĥ˼
Ҫȥѧǰĸ
˽Сʱ㡰֣Ҷô֪£ȥԾˣ
ʵһӴ򲻳ƨʵ˾Ȼ£ôҲ벻
߰ôҲ벻þȻ߹ϵҶٱʱеظܵ˱ԩζû뵽ļҶ
߰˵Ҳ֪˼ô֪ġԾһУֻҪͺܼ򵥡ˣѾˣ׷Ҷͬ־ˡ
˵꣬һҸ𣬵õ衢ɵİοͲʰҴҵرسǡ
֪ΪΣԺȻҶ
ǰŸ߰ȸվٱҶͱߣȥسǣҪûҶĹϵϲš

ѧҶص˼ҡ
սţ㿴˵Ů쵼ǡеŴסοʹǰ
Ҷİǻ׾ݡʳ⣬ʱͿŲӸǰӪƷǿ˸ꡣ
ǰֱϵ쵼ǵһμҶҦʦϸϸؿһۣǰϱܾ񡣡
һúÿͿ信ΣѧʾͿɶҲռͻ侫
кܶ˶ǹǰսѣҲǵһμҶէһֻۣͨǰòϾĿ˵ܸȵҲࡣ
ҦʦֶŮҦ꣬þͺܱѩ˼˶信ΡԼֶŮҶȻҲˡ
ЦЦ
һۣ˵ô˵ģһͺܿΡҶ쵹ò쵼
Ҷʺ쵼һ衣
ƿǵҶˮע뱭УͷγݵĲˮһ룬ʱѾ峺͸һǳɣ˿óмŵ
Ͱ͵ĲҶչҶݵʱǡǡá
ҶȵȲ裬һĨɫܾöûкȵôõĲˮ֮ٿҶͿ˺ܶ࣬һ
ҦʦЦ˵Ǻò裬㡣ҶɱǸֶŮܸɶˡ˺úþ۾ۣһЩ²ˡ
ȻҦ̧꣬ͷҶһۡ
ǰǰ޵飬Ǵ󲮵ġһҶҡͷһμ棬Ȼ
ҶԼ縺ŸƵصֽ˵Ҷ͸쵼˵Ǽ͸ҵģֵɶǮûȥɣ
˳ѼĲҶֳ˼ݣָ˹ǰսǡ
õҶֵĲҶǾȣû뵽ǰϱˬ󷽡ƽ⡣
Ҷǵı飬֪Щʲôϱ֮΢΢һЦ
ǵĹˮƽͨˣʶ㣬ǻ֪ԼѾ˷
պһǰһԼֵһ룬ƷȻúȣʡɩôôóԵģҶ𣿰Ūһ¡
ҶЦеػصапգдŰʡ
оҶȻ˵ˣЩӦ
󣬺Ȼʡǰʲôʱϲƣ
ǰû˵ҶǰھƵ飿
˵ʱûаھƵĴ㣬ڶᳫڼԼѣ㹤ʺʳܲס˼򵥵һپһˣҪھˡ
ֵֻƺ̫ϱˡĸŮ˲ϣĽ飬ɲСˣȻǰ߸˵ǻᣬҶһ²ҽԺչˣﻹв׵ģ
Ƕͬصȱ˭ҲȱǰʳǣɩӱΪˡ
ͷȻᳫԼƻҪڵġ
Ҷŵصͷѹ˦ǰ˵ҲǣɶʱھͿǰˡ
쵼οƷ򿪿˿ֻḻģһ⡢Ｆףвͷһ̷ۣϴεӪȻá
Ҷ˹ǰߣǰЩΣʱ䣬ӹʳվȥ˸ĳ
㵽˴ʶȤظҡ
Ҷ߽˳׹ǰĲˡ
ǰ˲ס˺ΪҶ㡣
ҦߵĳһĻֻҶ̫ˣ񡣹ǰĮþһˣŮ˲ٴɫ϶Ϊ
ԺٹﶼĽǰ˭ҲûϣһֻҵƽʱŮԱľ룬ҪǱͼȻϴʾֻܾϿϵҦûиұԼ
ҪǸ⽨ĻԼֵҶˣ
Ҧ۲֮ķΧҶ˵ʱ򣬹ǰһЦҶϴҽԺǴ³ҰΪ֪˿϶ûʲôͬԡ
ĬƬ̣Цźͻû뿪˵ҼǵǰˣҪúԴһ£һ˸ɻְɡ
ǶˬشӦˣҲǡ
а˰æɻҶȻܾȡоһϴˡһͷï󷹣Ҧ⡣
ŴҶæŸԵĻҶ˴һĿΣҵҵ޶˺ܶëҪᣬ϶ȼԼ
ǰ鲻Խȥ࣬𣿡
Ҷû˵ȥˮˮݽšǰָš
Ҷˣ߿֣Ҳ㡣
ï극һĻѾϰˣֲ֡
Ƕֱֻһ۾


37 
ȻҦе,Ҷɲ̣һ⣬ôףҦ¹ֱӳ֮ǰҶϵؽӹ֡
Ҷ廨ˮ,ȥζȻƬڹϣС,°ǰɫƬ淭ʹþɫ´нⱬ㣬Ͼȥζ,ˮû,ϸһСʱ
׷˺ʶȤ뿪,û,ï
ҶЦЦ,Ȱһؼᶨ,ûԵ⣬˭޷ҡ
Ѿ߰ȴһķ,Ҷûʲôˡ
Це˵ԷɣǶҲ,ϴζҽԺչǰ
Ƕû뵽ԼҲзݡ
ص֮,ǶԼ˵ûдгѾܾû⹩Ӧǰ߹Ҳ˵ľˣ˵Ҳûжԡ
ǰò׵õһ⣬ˣ
Ƕҡҡͷǳ԰,һȥˡ
ǰڿ˿,û£һ԰ɡ
ȥȡ,һһذںá
ζŨοһСʱֱˮɡŨŨζȷĺ⻹Ҫ㡣
ǰں󣬼־ǿïգҲɵط
۾ֹסطֽظʢһ뷹Լһԡ
Ҷ廨رóԣϦҹϳԹһ֮󣬷͵˺ܾá
·ݵʱںһ廨⣬·ݺ˵ͳûзˡжû֪ӹжѣͨϰոմζ
ֻǰҶ˵ˣһһĳ⡣
˵廨⣬ѼӰӶѿüŽʱ򣬲жӯ
µϤζپһ㣬ʲôζˡ
ǶҽԺ˵ʱûټǰԺ⣬ֻû뵽ζȻôãŴŴʶ壬һζ
⣬غ˿㷹ʮ⡣
ɵػǵȥʱǼŪһֻͷмѼ⣬˼зϺһӵĲ춼Բ꣬رóԡʱҿζ벻ⶼԲϣ֪õ𡣡
ïձ̫ˣˡ
Ҷ۹۱ǱǹģڵƻðӴ
󣬼ϵظл˷룬ллóԣ
´ǼҪԣ϶
Ҷжʳϰߣÿ¼ʮ⡢ʳȻˣȴʳɡµĿ꣬һͷ빤֮Уȼŷܶļ顣

һС
ҶԼҹĿ֪ʶҪȡ˳ø㡣
һ飬ǰһĨɫһĬ
ּֽ㹤ͼ׼֮ɵسޡϰʼ÷ǳȫ棬Ϊ˸߿׼𣿡
һȻҶݱʼǽο죬ðѧҲܿͷﻮ
ҶҲǽĿ֪ԸԸѱʼ˽طѧ
ѱʼǻҶ
ҶָƣЦе˵Ǹǰѧġ
Ұ½ʦ˼ڿκ֣ЩѧĵӺܲϰʱܹݱʼǣʱʱϰЧ϶°빦ʦȻӡݣﴫģʣµǶһ
˲֪ʲôζãٿҶʱĿѾˡ
ʦƸʱ飬ҶһС뷨أʱֻһʵʦȻҶǱһСֻû뵽֮󲻽Լı֣ΪѧУô£ֱ֮ϲ
ݱʼǹһĿѾ÷ǳʵοҶǰĿ˳
½ʦѾ»صѧУҶָϰʼǣϰϷ˷
һȻԽ·Խ˸ŨŨļΪһʦô᲻֪ϵҪԣ
Ҫÿѧݱһ֪Ҫضٷ֣һܶٸѧ
½ʦ˵Сô뵽ҪŪģ̫뷨ˣ
ӦÿΣǰͬѧĿΣ춼ܺáȥϿεʱһʦϿ𣿡
ʦһˣ½һξ͹˰ž۸СգҪ𣿡
ҶЦЦҪ˸߿ϸһ飬ѱͬѧ
һ༶꼶ֻʮ˱߿ԷΧ˵ǳǧľȣγԱȡ
ҶЩ⣬ȻѾ˸УβȡѴѧƾҲˣռеѧѾ˲Ǹˮƽѧ
ϿҶŽ̰ȥϿˡ
µĸ߿ϰʼǱ칫ʦ໥ģѧѧĿʦϣ١˫۷졣
ѧʦ˷ܵصСܻʲôȥӡʮݣӡʮݣУɣ
ϣ걨μӸ߿ֹʮµ÷һֹɣ

磬Ҷûпεʱ򣬱вܡ
1ѧѾϰʱʱʦҶͺ£ûʲôӣѧǺܿӦҶļ롣
ƽʱϿʲô⣬ܵõ1İѧϰѧҶĵ
1мѧǡɫĳԱʮҶʵ
һгһǣũ壬ҾƶҶÿμϴ÷׵ĻƳһͶӣɫ԰ףѱ㡣
ƶÿ¶йҷʮǮԼ飬ʣµǮĻũϼҡԼʡòʡ޲ôԼեѪطƶļͥʱÿܴũ߳ĺӶǴӾ߳һ·
Ҷ֪ڡɫб֡
ȫ෴ļҾǳףԸ͹ȴ棬ȻȴһһĴҶġɫȫΪȤǳϲое
Ҷûб߿ʮϧ
ҲϧִǿѹûãֻԼȥ²ܳɡ
ѧ󣬺÷÷Ҷһؼҡ
÷÷µĵʮַԺ°ࡣŵĽ˵ǰܵܲõҵû뵽㵹һ󲽣ֱӱ˸߿
ҿѧʼǣʦû˵õģҶҿĶҾʦһġʷεıʼǡǵĽȿϲ㡣
֮£Ҷһ֮ڰƵıʼȫʦǵļ飬ȫ޴һֺεȿµٶȣԴ˺÷÷Ǵĵġ
ҶıʼѾȥӡò˼ͻѧͿЩʼǸϰˡ
Ҷ˲ô佱Ϊƶ˶ѡ
û뵽ݸϰʼǣȻҲʦҷ졣
ʺƨͣҪԼеضƮ÷ȥˡͦţ·оǰĺˡ
ⲻ
ҲţƤôôеac
Ȼ÷÷Ļȫ˵ˡԲۣһŮ
ֱĵĻ˲仩ըäڷ˻㡣
ҶȥԼֱֶ̨ʮ廨⡣
ȻϵЦûάֶã㿴Ļ²ۡҶѵĻεʵʵ˾Ϲ壬ûһġ
һ·죬ܿǻص˾Ժ
÷÷֤׼Ժʱһס
һԳõķޣеĴһͦɽװ㡢ɫ£ڴŸֱʣŮĴһ׸ӵʽĲȹһ֪ʶӵģ
˵ʦã½˼Զĸĸ
÷÷ͣ½ŲǸ5İΣܿϳԼѧļҳ
½˵ԭǼ˼ԶѾܾûѧˣʱǶΪΪ˿׼ȴƭȥϵĶӡһ档ʦǷǳϣ˼ԶܹصѧУúѧϰõеıҵ֤ɣ
Ҷѧε󲢲İʦİҲкܶεѧЩѾǷ˱ҵ֤˸߿
Ҷ̵İϣ״һѧС׿ǶǴ󸻴ļͥûбĳ·
÷÷½˼Զĸĸߵһԣ̸
½˼Զ֣ҶЩ졣
ܿˣǰ½˼Զֹߣŷ
ƽʱ½˼Զȥ棬ȥժףһɫֻ˼ȶȣܿɢˡ
ÿѧУһͷҵѧںΪУԡŵǱΪ硱ӡ족ĸʦûȤѧ½˼ԶĴڡ
÷÷˺źҡҡͷ˵ҲܵģȴûܡҺͿˣϲѧϰҲһ˵Ǽ¡
½˼Զĸ̲ס˲ᣬ˫޷ףۿ˺˿
ôǼأʦ취ɣҺ趼ǴѧıҵҲûбҵԺúܼѵģûѧĲС
÷÷ҡҡͷ
ҶȰʦҲûа취ģȥºӡĸĻôʦĻأ
һ仰ѷ죬½˵ûа취˲ʦ
Ҷ֪ʶӸĸ֮󣬺÷÷ҡҡͷ˵ҶղǸǳʳͳĳǹȷʵ¶ࡣ
ʳͳҶ̫Ϥˣⲻѩְ־ְĹ
Ҷĵķֱ󲿷ֶӵĹˣû뵽½˼Զĸױʳͳĳ
ʺ÷÷ҪҰɣ
Ҷ˼һᣬǳͻƿڿܾ½˼Զϣһ˲߿Ƕһݸı䡣ȻҪڸ޶ëҶ˴򹥼ս׼
÷÷˷ǳϲ̧ͷȥҶ
Ҷ߱˵½˼ԶǸʲôܺӣ˵
÷÷̲סЦˣҶҲȴѺһĸΪܺӡ
ȴΥͣҶһ۷̤ʵرܸ˾ϲ
ѧĹϵرãвĺӶǳ˵Ҷס½˼Զأ
÷÷Լ֪һиҶ


38 
Ժ
ǰھҽԺ˼,һܵҩһȺƼݵĲ֮䣬Ψɫ󡢾ȡ
ҽչҪ˿Ӫҩʳȱ,ҲܺõӪƷܡҽԺֻЩƶǷۡǸǲӪ
ֵǰʱ򣬾ҽʼͣٳƬ,ǰȥӪҪãȫһˡ
Ͼòȡˣ৵ذӪҩдˣݸǰ,ͬ־ָò,ҩҪʱ,ƽʱע˶,ؼ취ԼӪ
뵽ǰдѻ,ʱмעͬ
ǰҩҩ,ͷԼӪҩøһСսʿ
ʱ廨⡢ͷ̷۲ϣǰҽԺǰ˼,ò
Сսʿ䲻ر쵼һҩ˶ס,һů,˵ȥҩӪۡ
ллл
һĻҦ꿴ˣһůǰһֱ˵ĺͬ־ĵƷá
ԼĿڴͳƱ
һ˻Ҧ˵ǰѼĶȫȥˣĹϺԶ
Ҧʲ׼ļͥ,Ź˼ҵĶ,ȰĸѼܾĶȫϽҡȻЩʵʵڵĺöֻŶֱҦת,ֵǮĶһʳ
ЩҦ͸ĵɽȫʵʵڵʳġȥ֮һѵҪʳҪĶ
û˼ҲҦ꣬Ѿܹȫ˼Բʳǣ⼸Ȼ⡢ɫ
Ʊݵ˹ǰǰǰȵȣ㡣
ǰŵݹʮƱšüͷ̫ʲô˼
ҦЦ˵ȥǲͬѧҡЩƱǻл񣬱ڼҪӪ
ҶǳóϱֵԺ˲֪һҦڹ˼ʱۿҶһٷͻӻһ⡢סǰѼҲˣôܳܵݳޣ
ǰصҦͬ־ллĺ⣬ƱͲˡʱҦʦҰæѾлҡ

һߣҶպͺ÷÷𣬳żҵķߡ
ߵҽԺȻֹǰҦվһ˷·ͯŮ̸Ҧݸһ
һĻҶоԼԴ·ð͵Ĺ⡣
ȻǰҦһԣΪ˴ǰѹǰŪϹʧ䡣ǰҶҪǰˣѡҪĶֻġ
Цеǰ§ס˹ǰֱۣҦ˵Ҧͬ־ǼʱȱʳԣܳԵ𷹣ӼþͲˡ
ԴڹǰĻУǵ԰ǰ
ҶƳһۣĿһʮƱüһǴʲ׼ŮһֱǼʮƱøĶҵ׬õôʳ
ҶͻȻϮùǰȻһǿںڵԴϣˡüվûվ࣬װЦˡ
Լ˵ԡ
Ҧͬ־ʱ䲻磬ǵûؼˡ
ҦȴһɫȻһףɫӵؿǰķȥӰ
ǰһϲҶˣϱôֵôɿΪԺЦҦ겻ʮ꣬ʵĻӦһЩ
Ҷ͹ǰͬһˡ
ߵͲ¥ºҶ˦˹ǰ֣¥
ǰһĻҡͷ뵽ղҶǾС죬鲻ԽЦ
صҺҶڴϣ˫ֲؿŹǰҸһ͵Ļᡣ
ǰû˵ĬĬȥˮůﵹЩˮҶǰЬšҶ˺üڿΣŶվˣᱻĦһᣬúߺ󣬻֪˺ܶࡣ
תһ룬ǰǻ˴ñӵˡ
ǰëɾҶĽţȡЩƱȯȥʳһŹǣ
ʳϴˣŹǱгɾȵС飬һȦнС壬ϵ۹͵֭
ȵһ֦̣һ˿ϵһšŨܷüϸϸĺˮ˳£һ˫ۡ
ҶĿ֪ǱĲ¹ŵεؽýֻϧֻܿܶ
ǰʱôŤҶ̸ʲô˽⣬Ҫ̸ҶȻó̸Ϊ˳⣬ҲǲŬѧϰѧϰ
ǰǡлģ⻹ǵóԽܷġ
Ҷȥ׹ǰȲȣҿ˺öູ
ǰоһƬ˵ŮȫͬսѱʱȫֻײһǽƵġҶʱˣһ麣ࡣĶ佥ӿһ㱡ĺɫ
ＷѲ˶˳ȥͿԡ
ҶЦеӦã
ͬҡҡͷڼﴩľͺãһô죿Ұ·˺òã
ǰܿסڴ̫վˣô¶ȶܲˣҶ˸Ĺ⣬̫Ѩشʹѹĸӻް

ա
Ҷ緹ţ㱻ѩֶ˾ſڡ
źܶһͷüչģ̾ʦˣ
㿴ͬҹҼҪ˻ģ˵ЩУûͻˡ
ʮǮȻ࣬ÿ¹ֻжʮĹ˵ҲһʲСĿ֧
οڵľôѣѩֱǳʵһ˯þʱ˾ſڵҶ
ҶȰѩֵӹ˼ֻһ鿴ûйߣȻõѧУȥ顣
ڴ֮ǰҶûͬһʱô˻ıǷµıܲһеİ칫żŻӵ˻صıѧҪάֱԾɻ¡ҵ񣬷±øˡ
˵Ӧûôϸıѵǰ±ʱһʱ©ˣ
Ҷ˱ѩ֡Щġأ
ѩ㶣һĴȵ̫Ҫˡ
ҲǳѹͷһγֱϸѩͷһñҶҪۺ
Ҷɫ壬Щڲգõҡ
ʦ֮ǰ͸¶Ϻܶ±ûС˭֪ǲǼҵģ
Ҷǰ׼鷳һһĵǼǣֻ˭Ƕ١ֱӣ϶ǵͷҲ±ؿˡ
ѩҲǺͿˣֻ˱Ƚʵ̫ˣ鼱֮²Űֱȫ˻ȥ
ҶĻҲĥˣһԴ˵鼱֮ºͿˣûȥһȥǡ
ѩֳʮֱֻҶ˱

һС
Ҷ칫ңѪĿ
·ݵ˱óݸҶҶһĿ֣غ˱
ʦ˸ͷҲ뿴
ϸа˰ٶĽˣ»ˡԾɻ¡άҵ񣬼϶һ룬Ŀ϶ܺÿ
ʦҲĿϵŵ˫ۡ𾪵ʧȥôôࣿ
ÿ⿴㳮ƱܹٿȥдǮû뵽֪ȻУ
ΪʲôҶĿʱ˵ʦ𾪵ʧ۾ֿһ飬û֡
31428Ԫ
άһֻ5~20鲻ȵķãɱһֻ±ȡʮ飬൱ÿֱֻ߰һŴʮ԰ʦİ칫
ҶԾúʦͷôС֡ʦᣬһǮô
ҶõĲѵѹõ˻⡣°ѴгϢò
֪ʶ޼۵ĲƸȡһǮͼ飬ѧȤؿǵ۽硣
鼮Ǵ֪ʶý顣


39 
Ҷټʦǿһ,ܶʦ뵽ĿһʴĿ֧Ҫ֪ͨгԱ
Ŀ㱨˵һȵ֧,Ҳȵӯϴǧ,Ǯ࣬Ҳá
ѧĹѾӹܣҸָ֧Ǽ˺ܶѹЩǮǺ׬,ΪбҪȡһϡ
Ǯࡱֵʱ,˵ͣ,˼ĿµĳĬ
һֹı,׷׳ĬؿҶʦ˵ǧ鲻ʱ,Ķʹ
ʦƶıشʹ,ʦһĲ衣
ҶĵȻʹǮӦõ,ѹûа
һҴеǧԪڹͼ飬޳ѧУͼ,ḻѧĿ۽硣
ʱ׽ëš¡Ҳ᲻ɶ,ҶҪͼͼݣһ£Ȼ޳ɡ
ͼ˲ѧԿʦҲҲԿ
Ҷ֪ͨȥǮ´ôһǮᱻ٣С,̫,ڽͷҵĺܣåһ,һȥɡ
ǰǰѧ֪ʦȥдǮˡ
ǣڼʦġͬ£һ˺ƺƵȥȡǮ
ȴеǮʱȵĿⶼ˹Աͬ־ɵĴָϣһ̵ĴʮԱط𣬽Ǳ߷ɫ
һɫĴƤװţŴʮװͷӲģһƤ·ܸܵƱ¶ȣоġ
ǲǳƱڷȣڷȡ
һеУ֪ºʮָж˰ѧУͼ·ˢһ飬ľʱ˼ܡ
һȻͼݣֻһɵĽңھѵƣͼҽмʫϯ¼ֽѧľʳʵƶ񤡣ͥѵĺӣûн鼮;ѧУ˿αǿα
ҶǮȡ֮ⶨһŽͼбʱµ鲢󣬴弸Ǯһ飬ǧ㹻ǧͼ顣
ʦȥͳ飬һǮȥ˼
ҶվͼſڣЦеؿųͬ־жʦǣ⡢˶Ŀ
ʦ˴˾ҶͶءǰƸʦʱ˭뵽ܰһнһУ뵽ССֵ⣬ôһ£һӵ飿
ͼ֮
ҶڰϣЦеظԼĳ˵ͬѧǣѧУͼͼ˺ܶ飬
ѧϢϲּͬʱҲһŨŨĽ
鶼˫ģÿһ϶ԼĺˮϧǿҪҵˣ꼶ѧкܶʱ俴ˡ
Ҷҡͷϧ˵ϧˣ꼶ѧܰͼϸһ֮꣬ͱҵˡĽ𣿼顭ǰ˳һеѧԺлǣллǵ˽ס
ͻͻأôеʦ
Це˵ĽǾͶˡɾһһУһоͿԼͼңǿͼҵˣ
Ц

ʳͳ
ѩְֱ˻ظ˹ǣڵһ죬Ƶء
ЩǴİɣ˭ľ˭ȥﶼеǼǵģСҲϡ
ѩֵ֪֮ԭЩ˵ıǴӽģԪһֱ˵ǹۡӱʦġ
̯˵ǱˡʦģΪɶҪ໨ǮȥһȺıתȥЩֱ˲һܣǾͷֱë
ֱĹ˶ʱЩڨڨеıҴӲ鷴ǿʶ
ޱŮ˵ѰæȥǿɣſǮһֻ˲һ¾ͻˡҲѧУֱɲû𣿡
ǣŷŰٻ̵ֱ˿ֵġ
ѩַ޷޵˵˭̰ˣѩҪ׼пڼˣûհޱ
֪Ҷʦֱ۸Ѿǰѹüͣѩ˵ʱ黵ֱһõģֻǸѧ׬ѶѣЩȥޱͲֹǮˡ
Ҳѧʱ䲻ֵǮܰѼ۸ѹô͡ʦ±ֹʮ۸ʦֱֻ飬ֱǷˣ
ҰѻˣʺҿںϣǴ˭ı˭ȥ˻ѩ˵
ãϰֱ̯ĸͱ鷳
ϧȥʱ̸֮ˣȥͶسǹֶŮ
ŹӶ޷޵ذѧֶŮ˵ǲв˵Ķ˻
߰˵£ҶΪֱٱô˵ǵ㼸ʱˣͬ˵Ƕסˡ
޷޲ƽصһΪ˸ƨɣûңһٿ˼ң˵ֻǸȵģܵΣֱ˼ҴϰģһûնûǮ͸¶ѽ
Ÿ߰Ҫ׵ӣ˵ҿɸ˵ˣҪǵץȥˣͶӵֶŮԺȽûķݣ
ӹĹĵͳŴʮ˦棬㶼ˣǮԸ
ͳģשͷƵһʮ߰ȼû뵽ȻôǮ
ҶȺӣ˶Ǯ
ЦЦ㻹ƲƣҪҿƪDDˣϹ˵ɶˡ
¶˸ڣ񶺹ժˣ˼ũѸСֺǰһʿӽֱϰ塣
ϰԭǲϳĸ䣬յܶ໵ֱڸǮϵǰĳӲҵֱʦ
һļϣ¡
ϰڣڸ˳úܸ̬üëϸϸ촽ѵõķ֡ͷӲ࣬װִɽװٲȻһ˵ģߵﶼ˽һϰ塣
ڸǮش˵ĺܶ๤˼˵û£c߾ͱˡ
õٿĹʣ̵ܻҹѸ

һУ칫ҡ
½ʦӵ绰ҴҵʰһƵĶŶ
ܵвȥҶͷžžһٻСգܰҴһܵĿҵϵסԺˣҵûȥչҲ֪еǿѡ
ҶϷʵص㾡ܰȥҡ
һҲǿѣǰѽҶͣҶ˻Ժ÷Ѿ˼ҽȥвֱǸմ˯˵ͷ
Ҷ˵ҡʱ½ʦٸн
жסҶ֣߳߸ߵЩᣬллСգһµĹʿ۸㣡


40 
Ҷ2Ѳ,2ͬѧѾ˺ܾáǷˣһһȥ
ʦ,ܽѧھĺðʲôż䣬ſ1,̫вˣ
лУʲôȡ̸˹͹ʽ2ʦôģ
ѧһŸϰص㣬񵽱Ƶĵš
ھ,һЩɬĿھʱ޷Ⱥѧǿҵغʦ,п͸Ͻѧΰɣ
ʲôѧѧ,Ҫ
ѧҲǸ߿ѵ,ϺܶѾ˸߿ѧ,ݽȼŨŨȤǷ׹ʽܼ֮,޲ȥ칫Ҷ
ʦ̫ˣѹôѧϲ
ǳвʦ,ѧҲǳصģ춼Χת,Ҳ˼Сʦ
Ҷšռһϰ,һѧĸϰص㡣
һĿγ̽Ҷյļλ
ǿһĿΣҶߵλãſµһ㱡Ļҳɵҡҡͷ
Ȼ˺̨һ,ϲüҡ
ĺ̨廨,ʳ˰˽ۼ廨ʮ,ʮвܵ⼸ˣȻ۵ֵˣ

ĩ
ҶһƱȥöһ⣬ţ仨ҶʱĽ˵Ǽʦԡ
ҶЦЦû˵ʡԼãҶڷôʮҲԹˣο⻹һĵ
Ҷʼĥ׽һֻֻֻжʮ⣬Ҫ׽ֻܡ
÷÷õ½˼ԶϢ˳Ҷ
Ҷǰѧ赸½˼Զǡ
ȥʲôҶʡ
ʱµȻƶȴ赸ʮ㳡衢ÿձ֯㳡衢Ť衣ǻᣬΪѹ·ļֹһеᡣҶȻ²ţʰ˶ź÷÷һȥ
Ҷʱ򿴵һȺʮ߰ĺӣָ̣һ߿һᡣ裬˵ǻùȥһ֧֮ǵһԵĹ￴࣬ϲѡ
ɨһҵǣڸǴ֡
лߵǸкٲȻǴҿеġ硱ͷƮңܹס۾΢¶һ˿ֻǴһ·ʵ˼ҵĴ硣
Ҷ̲ס˳飬Ҳ̫۾ˡ
ĸǷϡĻһֱʢСԼҵĺӵĳģҶƻ̲סЬӡ
÷÷߹ȥĵظ硱ͨ
Ҷȥǵ̣ޱʡͦģ
һβġ֣Ǿҵؿԣͨ죬ûʦôˣ
ζأǳȥɢɢζڵҶȥ
Ҷ˵զأ㻹ñҵ֤𣿡
ͷģòˡʦȥɣ
ҲȱһֽƾͰź
ǼҶò˵̾˿صʦ¹ܣģҨDD
÷÷֪½˼ԶʲôŻһ죬߳˫ձͨ죬ŷŭˮҴҵضŶҶҲ˲ˡ
Ҷջؾ㵵Ŀ⣬תͷ½˼Զֻ÷÷ֿ֮ĵ衣
ѧϰϲŹܡ˽̸ѣСʣ̶̼˲䣬Ҷ˲̫õӡ
ǣÿĩ裿Ǵģ
ǵ˵ͷҲûɶӣֻˡôûаɣ
ҶԭÿôˮƽҿеһΪ衭
Ҷһ仰ֵĳޣʱҭס
СӲƵĿΧ˵ʲô˵һ𣿡
ʱ赸ƬӻǴӸ͵ɷȫоûеڶݣǿһµļҶͳ裿²ܺú˽ˡ
ǸȻҹʲôʦ߳š
ҶԴǵؾֵܾҪ󣬡ô˵ЩΥĵĻأ
̲ס˳Ҷ½ǣ˵Щˡ
Ҷ˵ǻţñǺãǾԹԸҸղǸѵǸΣ
Ĵָ½˼Զϣס۾̲סǰһڡ
½˼Զ̧ͷ˸ָ˵ɣ֣
˵Ҷ裬ӡʦΪְõˣЩֱӡ
ֻҶѹİϣԸĵӣδΣĽථ𣿡
Ҷͷ˵ϲڵĻҳ롣
˫Žԭػһֻ̧𣬽żմأһֻ󻬣Žౣϰԭλǿ༫ǿ·ռк˼ˣ׼ϳܿѷĳ̫貽
ҶһΣ鲻ԽؾЩǿϷ񽥽ˡ
ֱǴнӣҶſʼ衣
Ĺؽڷ·еһ㣬һչɵ֫ѶȵĶӰĻеƵġнСժñţ裬񲻶ϵߵĹϷʣɾ˧
ȻҶͨͨϵ·²ɣһ˲赸·Ϊһ壬˶̲סס˺赸·ȻɣƬûҪʼ֣Щ跴ǻɷȮ
ĶǴˣֱ֣ɵظĴָ
ʦ
ֹ֮ͣҶͳ˲֡ߵ½˼ԶǰصǵһѧУ÷÷ʦǸ
ҹЦ½˼ԶļһֱЦˣȻɫÿȴٷѡ
ҶȺСӣصҿҲûʲô˼ֻǵĵСѡ˾ʱȫ˷棬õӦ顣
˵ҶҡҡͷһԼ죬˵ЩɶСԴ𣿡
ڶСöʱ̲סȭͷһ󷺺ڡǵʦôôǷ
Ҷ߳ǸСβƵظ棬סʡʦ̽ңÿ챣֤ȥϿΡ
ҶţЦܿһ˳֮˷Լ·
װˣе·߲ɽסַڡҶ˷ϵ·̲סΪ·󺹡


41 
һ
Ҷô⽬֮,ֻʣƱҶɵˣ°ɰܡ
ɼףѡʱҶһ¶Բζ,ɱܡ
ҶܲʮƱʵڲб㽫ʮ
ȻСϾȲôƤ֬,͹ۣ;ʵϧǲһֻƱжٹǰһҶҲƾձ
Ϊ˴չʮ⡭Ŷ,ΪĶ,Ҷһ칫Ұ˸вʦ
Ҵһݿѵ,ûôϹ,Ҫռռѧķ,ʦҰһڻѧ𣿡
ʦѧοҴһ𣿡
ʦDD
Ҷһ˫,ϵɧűҵʦ
иƵĿʦУοҵ·ݺ,ΪӦԿԣѧѾͣ,ڵҶǱȽС
ҵʦŬҪļ,ˡӰӵʦûֻԸߵ˻ʦ
ѧʦﵽСллˡʱпա
ѧʦæ֣DD𡣡
˷Լ·ЦеصС㿴1ʲѧϰѧϰνΡ
2ѧ˵ҶĻѧϵúܲʦѧϰѧϰҶıʼ,νǷḻʵ,嵽ÿѧʵͷʽԺ˵Ͽ¸߿ѧ㲻õˡ
Ҷǫص,ѧ̫ˡҲҪѧϰˣʦǻཻɡ
ʦĻ䣬ʦ׷˵СǾͰˣȷʵе¡
Сһ˵ĺͬ־ҽԭٵģǰҵĴæ
ҶһԼĿγ̱ۿһܵĿγ̶Ҫˡ
һʦæ˵С̫㡢̫ˣȤ߶һѧҲѧϰѧϰ
˴˾ҡͷʧЦôһȰҲҪ۸ʵˡҶʵ˵ӣ
ֻܹҶ棬ԸԼ˼뾳缫ߡ
ۺ˴˾Ƭ̵ʧ񡢲
ҶǸӵˣûнȥǷݴǵǻİһЩҶʱֳѾ㹻˰뷨ջ
ͬͬһˣһѧڹȥΪʲôô
ҶڿΣеæµڳвκص칫ϢһᣬٵвϿΣæøƵתƣҶĺ̨ȴֻ廨⡣
Ҷ˲ǵĺϿεĽѾեȡͷͶȡɣÿȡˡ
峿Ҷչ򿪺̨һ廨Ŀ˶סˣ
һûп̨ʮ廨⡣
ǰʱɢɢƱҶһӴչʮ⣬˵þһ֣õðݡ
ѵֱʶȻȷʵһĵʦ˺ĽҶм֪֮Ƥվûôͷӿûñ㱻ˡ
һԵĺ÷÷ظҶ˵Ҷ㵽û˵ղʲôһֱ񡣡
Ҷ˼һûʲô˵ʲôˣ
½˼ԶѧԵǲĩùǺѧУҵǸˡǰϺöͬѧҲϿˡҼǶˣһ¾̤ʵˡ
Ҷ󴧲⣬ʮ廨ⲻǡЩѧ׵İɣ
Ϊʲôǵõ廨⽱ôࣿظбҵѧҲֻõʮ廨⣬æøƵϿҲΪʲôǻϿαʮ廨⣿
ѹôϲȷ糾Ҷĵ롣
Ҷһ˵Ͽξͺã˻Ǻúӡ
÷÷ҲôģΪͬصͷ
Ҷ֮ǰɲôģ֮ǰΪѧϰ㲻ǿ֮ǴҶ͵Ŀһͤͤˮɻˮɻˣֻϧطһѣˡ
Ǹʱ䣬ȥһǮСɡѩŬǸã綼΢ʩʾܱɳ
û뵽ǿŤĹҲͦģҶ˳˼
ѧ
Ҷ緹ŷеˮͷϴˢëϸĵزɷеˮգջͷ㿴һŴźѧ
ͷѧ뺰ʦָǣ
Ҷ̲ס˳顣
Ҷ͵Ǽ뱨ţвӵĹţʦôǰʱһֱڿţҲǡ
ҶֱԲ˵ô
Ǳʦֱµ˵ϻʡ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ˵֪ǰ׷ʱ֣ݹǳܵΡžͲᣬ֪Ĺÿ첻ҪѵҲҪղӵı׼ѵͷ򱨸ܵˣ
ҶסڲӣĹſǶĿȾǼʽȱսʿмĲֻмݵøƵġ
ĵظҶ˵ѧϰɼã϶û취õҵ֤ġ
źĹˣЩطԺͲýӣͷҪǽֵط룬ԺҪôҡ赸ҡҪôǾˣνǷǳֳĹ
˭˵ģҶһۡ
ϿΣҰõҵ֤
ֱһҭµ˵ǸϲѧϰֻȤʦȻϰæ˨DD
αڲǻȥ飿
ҶߵһѧǰĿѲһ֣ǵС
Σ˵ѧУϿΣҲܱ֤šĹ¼ȡǣܱ֤õҵ֤лϴѧ
Ҷ˵ⷬת뿪ˣһȺѧ

ѧҶص²صԼʳ⡣
ʮһ⣬һٶʮﾫϸ
̫ǮˣҶĩȥ⡰ˡ뵽ǰεĳɲֺ䶯
ҶĿһתǰ⡣
Цеʡǰĩп𣿡
ǰȻݼڣвˣû취ѵȥѧԱϿΣҵҵƱҪեϵÿһ־
ǰ˵ĩҪȥѵô𣿡
Ҷ㸽Ķ˵һͨ
һͨ˵ĸĸΣǳԲָǰҰһҪơ
ǰǼᶨΨߣȻǲЩġҡҡͷ˵ҷ˴ȥó⽬ӡ
˹ȥóҶʲôջ
˵ǰڲӵнʴΣԶͨˡû꼢϶ܹٶٳˣȻҶھ춼ϳˡ
ҶùǰŵһҪҰؼңǰӦˡ


ǰսʿɽѵһƣȵ˺֮¡
ϦҪɽ֮ʱǰҲûпҶ˵ҰŶ뿪ѵѵ˳¼һЩݡ
֧ʧòʱʱDDһֻ׺ʵԲҰХŴɽɱ֮ʱ֫һɳԶԶȥٽӡ
ʰǵսʿڿĵؼ񵯿ǣһĻҪֹͣ
һʱ֮侹ŵܶˣ㶵վڹǰߡ
ֻǰľ֣ţסĺ۶ָ
ͷҰһ֮δͣڰ֮ȻѪӿ
ǰð̵ľ֣߹ȥһۡ
û뵽һͷҰϧҲû룬ӿѪһءǰˮˮ⣬һѪ
СսʿһĻǳۣҲѧصˮѪ

ǰֻʳƱʱ򣬲֪մ˶ĽĿ⡣
ֳΨһĿߨDDǸСսʿ֮ʹ£õʱҰɽǷ۵糸ٶȣ˿־ɱȴ֮ĹľֻС
֮ҰҲͭǮСҪǻǵʱڳǰɵذҰؼ
ǰ¼ЩտʼѧսʿѪڡ
ǰѵȴɱһͷҰΪũͬ־˺棬µʹ˾
Ұ̣ũׯڣһֱĶ󣬴ҰΪΪΪǹġֵƲ֮ʱǰһͷҰٲȻ˴ĽĶ
ҦϢݹǰˡ
ŹǰڷһٽƱ۲ѡȻǼҲʳԵ⻹쳣ѣѾܾöû⹩Ӧˣ쵼һҲ⣬οͨϰգ
Ȼǽżʣ浽˶һˮûеʱ򣬾ͻ⵽ж㡣
ҦǰһٽƱ鲻ԽҶʲôҲֱзԣմŹǰĹ⡣
ּĵܳ⣬ôܲĽҶǺóϰԣǰԵҲӻ

ǰ쵽⣬ѪĿһһЩ¡
ʳʦҪЩһͲǡ廨⡢ؼҡ󳦹ѪζѪ¹廨
ҶڼﱸϿεĽ̰ʱѾ֪ǰҰˡ
ŲŤͷһȻǰһ⡢һŹǻ
ˣô϶⣬Ӧ˵ˣ
ǰ򴽣ѹƽǺżЦݣɣȷʵһͷҰҾʹ˻
Ҷĵ쳴һŹǽûԵˡ


42 
ѧ·ǳ,ǰӦΨߣ飬²ҶƬ֮ʡ
Ҷûд֮ǰҲ,ֱˣѧľͷǿѧ
ġ,ǰǲҲˡ
Ҷǳ𾴹ҵİȫ
ȫġݡ˵ǰ죬Сڲӳ,Ȼǲ±ġȻҶͲͬ,簲ȫһֱ,Ⱳӹƶȥʳˡ
Ҷΰѳ´ϴ˸ɾ,ùǰ廨гƬ
Źǰ⡢,߽̱˵ǰɰ,һܳһ뷹
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ЩϴΰҰȥʳõʱĶ
ǰƽʡʲô£
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Ϊǰʱһֱڵǡǰ˵
Ҷû˵ˣѸ˼ǰѪϡ
ҶѪˮ109ıȣн֭ȥζ
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һҶһ࣬ǰҰҲ󣬱һεҰһȦٽѪϴνӵûҪ࣬ϴεѪֻѪһĸ
ҶϧбͺˣѪԺԡ
緹ʱ䣬Ѫ˳öءн꽴ͣһζմѪƬմ㡣
ǰĵ廨ϴɾŹǣһŹǡ
ŹǺһ㱡ըŹǵζζںһ𣬱һɲ˼ҶǰըϣǹζӴƮƮ˱˼
ǰҵھŵζܲˣ׷ֹļڳ⡣
ôһζ϶˲ͣҲ̫ݳ˷ˣݳ޵üֱ˷ָ
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ĺ˹ӹͳһ׿ںۣǰڰٻ̵ģɩӱ׼ϲ߰ɡ
Ҷ֪кܶԣǰ¥µԷ
֮Ҳˡ
߽ӣ㶣òֹô⣬ʲôӣ
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ữױ𣬵Ȼ극ҽ̽ôðɣ
ҶһۣǸϤı־Ƭ̣ôζˣ
ؽҶȵı۵ףЦ˵ֵǮһ⣬ɩӵӺãױ֪жÿ
Ҷ˵˲ױŵ˹
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ҶϽһ
´αЩˣЩʱڵݳ˷ѣǼص硣ïԺ棬Ҫעһ㡣
ϵظʢһ뷹һζ治ˡ
һӲ˲סʿˮïֻһ⡣
ǵ⵱ȻǰƬԣǵͣ¶Ӽһˮȥ֮ʣһӣһ졣
ʱҶŪһӲˣѾĽ޷ݡ
ϰһ̵ѪɫŹǷŵζͳĺҶӨ÷͵Ĳôóԣ
ҶƽʱĻʱǳϲĻ
кóԵĶʱŹ໵Ľ·ʱ˵ĻѩƵĵĻɵ
쿪ɣÿˮҪˣӴ
ܾòƵģʲôûˣҾȻԲ˳ۣһε
쿪ɣԲˣҹͶҲˣ󿪷
Ҷװһ뷹Це˵ԷɣҸɶ
ȲһѪպպۣƣһҧżڵؽһ֭
ζŹҲķǳζը׻һɵζŹζΪһ壬㵽˹ֱ˱Źͷ˱ͣҶҵķôôóԣ
ɿؿţŹһһԣóԵҪᡣ
ٷԵͣǳ㡣
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ҸȻǿԱȳġ
극ҶװһѪ͸Це˵ƶѪԵԲ壬ҽģʡ̽˳ʳ԰ɣ
һů


43 
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ϴμҶԭ˱ٻͼ,˰֮ġҶɵ˼ҪǻѧϰϣָԶɼ
ǰѧĴѧ,ҶĻˮƽôҲץָѧðѸƾõֲڱ˿ˡ
Ժܶľ١ɩ,ͥ,Ǻ͹ǰϵ,Ҷȴ
Ҷͷôһ,ǰʱУҵʦûиƾ̫˵ȥҲбҵ֤
У뷨治,۱ù˸Ļ,Ҫɶģ¥ңðѱҵ֤õ֡
Ҷе񣬾ȵӡ
һҪøбҵ֤Ӧǰк÷÷ĵذΣ̽ʵһЩС
Ǿ߿ǧľŵ,õҵ֤Сһ
ȻĻеרѧ߸ϡеþ,Ҷɲסл죬Ȼؽ˴е⡣
ϴҿ̻ͼͺȤҶʡ
ûҶԭǸѧ,Ȼ漰ӻе֪ʶ²ҶһʱŪöġŬ˵ô,Ҫпվ
Ҷ˵˵ã׿˵ģǧҷ
ˬһӦ£ȻԼﱻˡ
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ĴָѸٲһۿԴð˵⡭ôУ
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Щ˵ʲô£ҪǰϿΣһӭȥѧ˵ǿ϶ܸˡ
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֧˵̾˿ػؼҡ
֧ĶǴӵĶӳ걻˸㡣֮˵쵼˵öԣҪҪ֯ϺȡҪ˶ָžȼôʳ
Ĵ˲֪ж٣Ǵż۷ҲǶԵġ
֧˶ӵĻ޲øһӡ˼˵ĻȻϸϸһƣеĵط˴룬ŵط˻ơ
ȷũĸѣϹڴӵԴͷȥֺǴԴӺＳˮׯڣֵÿա
ĴӶ˺öˡϹĴ廹ˣ˷ԡȻҲȼ˵ľϹˡ֧뵽ǳء
սȭͷ˼˺ܾ˵֣а취𼱣Һú롣
֧ӿϣɶӣ
ΪͶӵӳ˵ǲֿﲻǻкܶҶҿʳС
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֧ͷǸʮҶ˼Ҷĺĳʦô󷽵ĺˣʵӡ̡ȥͶûɶãõķüҶȥ˼һ˼Ｆ
ЩҶӦñصλգȴڲֿŵùȻԱǳԿĶﶼ᲻̣Ѫ
ȥдŴߴߣʦæǴ廻ʳ


44 
Ϲ,͵ҶѾǼˡ
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ĩҶ͸÷÷ǿ⣬һ磬÷÷쵽˸3Ľҡ
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󲿷νʮѧ,ܹõбҵ֤ѾĻ̶Ⱥܸˡ
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ҶҲЩܺû취ͷҪڷ̫ˡÿԵľϸ廨⣬ĲҪͶҶʳŹ⡣
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ѧ½˼Զֵ߳ҡ
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õҶָļ.쵹ǲ½˼ԶôҶӣȫ
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һҶ͵󡢴磬˵½˼Զʦƽʱ
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Сѧʼǵѧ10Ԫα1.5ԪСѧꡢѧѹ103.5Ԫ
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Ϊάֻ󣬳˳ԴƽʱˢࡢҪЬҪ㳵ѣѧУ֯Ӱ
ҶƤ³һһ֣ڴĿ֮£д1587֡
ֽ˱һǣǵİÿֻʮ顣ǻϵǮǱҵҪŬԲ45ŻϡζǵİΪǣʮ߰ﲻòսʡԼã
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ϸղһʱʳصˣҺһͣ׷ƲĿ⡢ͷѻȸ
˲Ρ֯һҶǵ˾УȻ˿Цеģ·ҪЦǣʮʵɻ
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úöɣõ;͸Щ¡ֵļ˵ʰ뿪˽ҡ

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ҶõҶһЩңԼһ롣ʣµĲҶֳַ˼Сݣ⼸Сɶ
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ݸǡ
뷽һɩǶǳмͥҾףüǸɲͥ
ӦҲ֮ǰҪҶ֪Լ͵Ĳ裬ȥȲ˺Ź֣ԥ֮û
ԴӸ߰ȱѧ֮û߶̭ͬҶƵԽԽߣԽĥԽԾȻôϲҶ˵˻Ǹɶ
˷ȥ棬ùæ롣
иɩӺ˿ڲ裬Ʒζˣ˾䣺ͦģȥģٻ̵²ˣ
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ֲҶõǲֻ䣬ɽȪ峺ƷƷǲһζ˵ֲҶһҪ뾭ϵĲʦ֣϶áǰ߼д쵼˼ָվҪֲ衣ֲҶڸ۳ҲȲ
۳ʲôطǿʱֵĳС
ҪҶ»̲סĴָ̾޶̨ʱҲ̫ˣԼķӲ֣ǷǳǱӡԷչĶ


45 
Ů˷ۺ,һڲ裬ڸɬйζĵš
ѽ㻹˵,裬ǹθڵ𣡿˵,ȥĶŪĲҶ
ҶǴҶŪģû,Щסǵ죿
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ϵ,ǰϱ,ô˵ۻܲ𣿡Ц
ý㷽ŮʿλסڼԺȻûҶ
û˵Ҷˣǰϱܶ˶ˡԭҶǹǰǰ½ӻǸϱ
Ůʿʷ˵ɩǰıһСѧʦְλǸĻˡ
һýӹͷ˵£ҼǵҶǰûԺǰ˵ֻСѧ
զıĹ,Ǹ߹ϵˣиһũϱ,˳Ҳûҵƽʱֵüɹ,¶ð
·ũϱŨŨ
һۡ
ǰŲ˵ҶɩӡžͰ˸̭,˼ߺŵģ̣
ʲôϵйϵߣҶСѧʦ,ǳʦ˼ҵõԼǲũûϵ
ϴγԷʱҶ̸˼ҾͿõбҵ֤ˡ
ǻȲȲˣҪǲȲҾͿˡ
ŮʿЦ˵ұˡ
ӻȡһŴʮɩʣ绹ûֲҶһ㡣
ԴӷŮʿںм񵽱ʮ״֮ҲطѾ˼Ҿϸͷԣ˺ܶ࣬˳۵ĶҲģؼңȵĵĲҲȥ
һӦҶװҶʱҶǻʣҶýСͶãҪƤҶȵҶҲС¡
ŮʿüҺ뿪˼Ժ
ѧҶովԺſ߳ķŮʿҶƤס˻ͷȥĳ嶯λŮʿںǸˣ
ķŮʿɴŵ壬һȷһɫ㣬ϲƤЬһֱд֪ʶӵģ
ȻôСҶҪ֪ǾԺ˾Ͳʳˡ
˼µʳҶĴסǿʣˡʳ뷨ոէһŮʿҶ
Ҷȷһ飬ԼһȥʳʱȷʵñΧʵˣ˵ڵҶǰҶˡʱҶһƼݣȧ˵ֽһ͵
ڵҶٶٴס治ϣȻܶٶٳ⣬ܳһ㣬ð͸죬ϵⶼǻˡ
ʵŮʿҲûϳҶǰںʱҲ飬ĹҲ飬һڵ趼ʶˡ
Դӵʮף°ؼҾ̲סۣϣܿλ׵İšϸ̫óˣҭˣϸģ·о
ˣۻɲǳųԿڷ뵽Ĵ׳ԵһˣŮʿÿ춼׵İš

һߣҶջصң㷢ַˡ
һˮȷ˵⣬سҶ
ܺá
ͬ־ЧͦģŲʲҶˡ
۾𾪵ָҶʣ˵ϡôôࣿ
ԼɼĲ
ҶЦЦֱԼ죬ɤ˵ⲻǷǶϲֲôҦʦҲңҺƤдҪһЩ
ԼˣȵôˣҪҪҲЩ㡣ÿһëҶѡҲ׬ҵǮͼܵǮ
˵úܡҶҦʦǰߣ
Ҷ۸󣬴ոҪ߽һŴʮҶ
Ҷߵ˺ãͶұҶǿĿһĿһ
ҶһЦãŷ¶֭΢Ц
ҹȥУûߵп¾ͱԺſڵʿץˡ˵²֪վǰҶǡʳ󻧡
ȥʳˡ
ɩһı飬˵ˣԺȱʳ㼱
͸¶ۣҶȷʵʳ뷨̶̼£ڼĸ۲ûëǮҪƵˡˡ
ȻҶͨ㲥֪ȫ󺵣絾Ĳȥ껹ͣۿɼģʦƱݶˡ
ﾫϸҪعϸɣҪ֪ȥﾫϸŲһŲţܹԼδһ֮ǰҶʱʳˡ
ʱڣŮʿܵڿ죬ҲСӵȵװšˡ
գҶļܺдҵ
дҵˣŮĺãϴ÷׵ͶҲ׵÷⡣ҶĿܺӽĿҲ˼ֺɫ
⣬Ѱط۱׼ȷӽ˷۱ʺ
.Ǻʣʦ컹
Ҷˣ˵Ҹһ⣬Ǽǵ˱˻ԡ
ָָԼԴúѧϰɣԺ⣬Ҫ취ǻ۽Ƕֶš
ѧУɫŪġѧУĲ񱨱һӯǧ飬նñѲյõ
ܺ৵˾ȣȻƽʱѧУ飬һԼ˹ֱ÷
ԭʦŪģ
.Ҷɢ˶ֱ˼֡

ҽԺ
ҦҽԺۿſ£ǰҲˣһҩͲҽԺ
һ磬Ҧ꿴ǰҩЦеس˸кǰ磬硣ڻûй𣿡
ǰԱߵǶ˵ˣ˽һ죬쵼µļ١
ǶⱲӶûϢôʱ䣬¶һڽ׵ݣýǿˣҪٲӿСǶˡ
ҦҲˣ뵽Ժٺ͹ǰӴûôףЦݵ˼֡
Ҧ֮Ƕǰ˵Сá
ǶڳĽ׶Σǰߵʱ򻹺ãôûжӡ֮ɵˣԲӸߡθڴ󣬱˳һپͱˣó١
ϸµףɬƱȫ˸ͷҦ귢ˣ˵ʮƱǶ͹ǰ£޸п˵
˵ǸɲͥŮǲǶóԵģǰ磬ÿжٽƱ
ǰü˵࣬һô
ǶŹǰʵʵ̹ҦƱ飬֧ԮʮƱ֧ԮһսʿʮƱ
ǰ꣬ӶʮƱݸǶȥ˼ң´αŮͬ־Ʊ
ѵҦнƱİãͽƱˡ
ǰΪĪ˴ˣֻҰʱŲΪҦʲôǰü
ǶȻҪǰƱͳ·Ʊ˶ǰ磬Ѿ
Ʊǰȭһһֻɩĺ⡣


46 
ǰҶǶ, Է
ҶϵõԷȻһС£ǰҶͦϵġֲкʹųԷˡ
ʱ˻, ҶܺãˬӦ, ʲôǶɡҿɲֹ⡭
Ҷȡɹһڵɹ⣬ر, ͨ, ʱ򱡱ĵһ֬
Ҷѵô󷽵ػһƱ廨, һ⡣
ǰС˵, ߵֵѷǸ, ȻҶó䷹Եķ, ҲܹԵˡǶ˵ȻӴ, С˵ңѧĽ, ǸȡǶ
˶оĹСûʲôǮ, ȱҲҶ֪ʶӺ𾴣ÿοǶ̲ס
䷹ʱҶδػȥһ⣬Ƕ϶Ҫȥ⡣
գǶǰ޼Էʱ򣬸սžŵŨķζ
Դ, ¶׵ݡԶżζˡ
ɨһϵķ, ǰһϰŷʢĲ, ζඹ˳ɫĺ⣬عҶݫ˿
ȵһᣬ˵ɩ̫Ʒˣ
ƶ繷Ƕ˵һܳˣѾü춼ǿͷˣҶԷѶǷŽȺࡣ
Ƕڳĺ⣬һ⣬ƵһҲ
ζඹζеñ῾͸֭н𣬰׷ŴŴඹ㣬ʶ壬硣
ǶĽ˵ԭǰ˵ô󡣡
Աǰͷľʱĵҿ
һ뷹һֻ׶ͷմźĽ֭ԣǾζһڿɡ
ȻɩӺã
ҦһβغǶᵽҶ̫˷ѣӻǰѪǮпȰȰǶԷǰôһ£Էʱȫ׵Ժˡ
Ƕ֮˵˵ɩӲӣȰȰԼ㣬ҿȰˡ
Ҧ뵽Լ꺮ůǽƱǶѱô졣һٷٷͱҶˡ
ǶĬĬ룬˭ĽҶĴ󷽣̽ʱһҶһеĺ⣬Ĳĸ˲Ľ
Ҷ˷ѣҲ˷ϡïյϱܼҿɶǰԼϣ˵˼ҵǮ˼ҷû˵ɶֵõ˵
Ҷ극һ裬ȲʱǺˡ
ԭŮô˼˵˷ѣأ
ҶǵԭҦƾƣϸҾƲ˽ȴǱ˹صļҲ
ǰôʵҲ硣ҿÿµĹʳţ϶Ҫ硣ҦͲͬˣƾЩҲ˽ûٳĺȻûԣжҲû龫ţ̡ɿ־ʳȱ
ɼ˲̫ʵҶҡҡͷĬԼ̫ʵˣȥж޲øͷƽʱԵĶѡҲ龫ţ̣ˮǡ
ֻϧҶûȥĻῴĻȺ
ۨDDһڿˮĻʦأ
Ҿͼʦһ˵󻰵
ȻҦҲôӵģ˵ܹ˼·ô˼ָҶ˷ѣ
Ҷ룬ԭҶóδġԭһǮ׬ȴɽգӻǰĴҶ˿Լ˿˶һݹ֮⣬ҲûԭĲ١
ǰ˱齥࣬˳ıǺҶܱ˵ʲô
Ƕһۡ
Ƕǰ鲻ˣʱ˹ЩҶˣܹǴԺסôˣ˶ʶҶ˷ѡȥñô룿
ʮϵ˵´Ҫɩӡ
ҶЦЦֽһݸǶû£´κ˵˵
ǰζͦõģûȥ˳
˵ҦڼԼմߣصԺ֮ڷѳ˼ٷҶΣߵҦߵҶǡáҦʲôԼժˣܵűˣ
ǶԴǵؾܾɩԷͺܺˣҲáԼ԰ɣ
ܾȻˬǶȥԺҪǹǰҵˡ
Ҷ㣬šŤŤ
ǶΪǸԵģˣҶТеģ˼Ҷ๥ѹءΪѧҵס
ϧǶΪɩӼԿ࣬жرһȺ뿪˹˼ҡ
һأûи廨ɣݶʵǹڳء
ʱڣ廨ǹĽ顣һůǶӡ

ȴ˵һߣһС
ȺҶǰʱġԻҵ̫ţֱǾһеĹȵĲһƶĿ˿þһƬ㵡Ĭ
һȺʵˣ˵һ֣һʲԲʮ궼ܲľ޿
ǣǸҶô
ôб»һеʦȥԱ¶ˡ
ֱҶ֣ɼʦôأ˵ͱǰһۣ˵ǵģʦ˲ǸȤˡ
ǲ֪еļѧʱھǮȥձѶöˡ
ǶôʱֵĶҼһУþëʦȹĹ˶öˡ
ǲ޽˵˵˴ұûǣصĺ
²ЦЦһСǮʲôʦĿĳԶԼѧֱܵõֻǰСǮϣԺȥɻ
վڹĶ÷ǳ档ҶҲǴ٣ǶҶǺأҶȴô¡
ӵ˵˵úܶԣҪõҵ֤ 
ǿͷϿҶһȻ˵ʦб£ҪѧѧôǮ

ѧҶලȺʱطǸŬѧϰ嶼ֱͦˣο
ҶһԾ󣬻ͷ㿴һ˫˫ں۾Щ۾˸ĳȺͿֱҪ˿
ʦô׬Ǯģһ𣿡
Ҳ³Կۣ࣬ѪʦDD̽Һ˵еѧԼǮˡ
Ҷѵɤӣѧ׬ǮҲǲԨDD
һ֮ǰѧ費УǻΪܾô׬Ǯ
Ҷ˶Це˵ȣ뱣֤õҵ֤μӸ߿
һҲõҵ֤ôԸ˷ʱΣ
ΣһжָӣʲôǾʲô
ԥɶɶиȻ˵ⲻУҪɱ˷Żҿɲɡ
ҶЦЦȻΥҼ͵£֮Ҫң͵ҵĻ
ﲻֹЩ΢ĲƽôҶ̳вֱôף̽ǻôƫĵģ
뵽洫ĳԷĻѧԺһӾͲҲֵá½˼ԶȻãǼҾһ㣬Ժһӵıѣ˵ձѣ˵ЩǮ
ڹϴӣǰֻǸŶ棬ʵϻһȺɶҲѧ˵Ϻ̲ϴȻ˧ֵҪǾˡҧҧǱˬӦ
Ҷѧ֮󣬴ӰȡϹĴӳдһš
︽һšԲ֤д֤дˡӪ˻صĲҶַϹϹ1960괺ҶСء쵼֧֡ĩβǵϪظίĹ¡
ҶЦˣµ쵼Ϊһ˼ҲҪĲҶũԼ׬ˣҼѹҪ¸£дҪжɡ
ΪЩҶ治ֵǮʱȥҶ룬Ϊͷʳ߲ѣǲԸ⻨ǮȥҶѽ
ӳдﲻȼЩҶʳˣӰæ
ҶдܰѲҶȿȡѵͶˣҪײҪ


47 
ȺСǵõҶ׼Ǻܿ, ѧУȥڿˣ½˼ԶȥӪԷҲвˡ
½˼Զƣץһʡأ
һСεͷ˵ǱʦлȥϿ, ѧա
Ȼ½˼ԶİְǳҲܱ֤Ժй, ǿɴˣҶǼѧڶԼ˽ˣҪҲѧҲܳ
ǽϹҵʱӣ׼ҪѧУϿΡǵ˼װ׵д, ȫڲס
½˼Զƨһ, ѧʲô, Ҳ룿
СһڲӪںı, 
Сܱܱĵ˵úú, пҲȥʦĿΰɣҾͦõ, ˵õҵ֤
½˼ԶҲӦûȥΣĲ˵, Ҷо仰˵ûѵܻһӣҶƭ, ָͷ̴ܽ̽, һǮ
½˼ԶһȦϵ־ȻڣæҲӰһʱ֮˼Щӡ

Ժĩ
ǶҶһؼ, СһСڳ, ڼּҵȡһץףչ, ߴΣܵôˮͣԴ˽Լʳcеʳķ
û뵽ŽȥûãƮŨŨ˵ζ
￴ֽζ˵СƵģӵѰ
̣ȫ˵Ĵߴ¸ߴΣΪμˮʱֱ㲻͵ߺȡˣԷɡ
ҿʱֹľֹ¥˶Ҫסˣζ˳ŴƮȥھ°·һ䡰ڣҳ
ڣɶô㣡
ӴӲ
ֻ÷þú¯ѷ˳ƿǣһֻСȵ׷ϣʢŵƬˮĹн˽Ƶ֭֭׷ϣʹ΢΢͹⣬ˡ
ˣȻʵһСˮ͵ʵسûˮ
Ȼ֪Ҷȡֱ佱ҰͨҰ˼ǧĻƷ֣ϸ۷ͨ⺬ߣױ
Ȳʢһ룬ͻˬڣ˿˿⣬˳һ뻹ŵڶһƬеñζŨԵ͡ݼ㡣
ûԹôóԵ
סسޣЦ˵Ҷúܺóԡû뵽ôãǰиˡ
Ƕҵؿһǰġ
̭ǰǰﶮûǰǸͷԣָɩӴ´ġ
˵õҲûǶûзˡ
տ϶ҶġǰʳˮƽֱҶ˺տ·õĴʦ׷ϣǶԹҶĺ⣬ҲûȥʳóԺˡ
ôҸǶĽÿʼĿԡ
극ˮСװãӹȡ˼صһƿƵݸǶ
ǰȥ
ȻǺþƣҪǸǰϰٿҲƷٺõľҲȻҲûбֵǮĶлҶҾͺƤѾ˶ӡ
ǰȥԷüпվͰɵ𣿡
͹ǰϱӴ࣬˵Ǵϱ̫ӣҲô֪֪ȣûٱԺ˿Цᵽǰϸ⣬ٿգ˼ȫǸӵġ
ЩȡЦҶûĻûʶˣһҶĿũϱСˣһͱͷĸĸûôã

磬ҶյǶӴľƺסˣʵ⡭ʲô
Ƕˬ˵ϵģ˵ллǰɩ͵ϲ
ʲôƣҶİûУƷƱһϸضװȷͷ̫мپ֮ë׶
ǾлƽƵġéxơǰDDéƣǧ֮ϱĵһƿ1070ԪĳղأʱȦڵЦơһֵ𡱣ԶȲϵСȻпܺˮ֣Ƕ԰뿳Ҳٶҡ
ôľƴ˿̾һҶȻ˴֣һѾƻǶ
̫ˣôصĶҲҪ
ǶһѾı飬Ѿʱ߶šԼǺƤþƻ⡱ˣ
ʱʳĶƿԲȣﲻûһˮ
ͨ˵Ƚӻ󣬵Ҷ˵ȴǡ֪ƿƵǶһҲ֪Ҳ˼װռ˱ˡ
ȻǶôܱңȻѶˣﻹܰѶԭȥĵҪҪˣ
Ƕ˵û£ֵǮҰղ˺ܶƣ־Ҽһһƿƿȥ˰ɡ
Ҷ1953ľƣݺܽͬһľҲܶ࣬ķˣѼɹõȡر˵
Ƕõȥһϲϴ㳢ˣܺóǰɣ
ϴγζζܾĻͣǶߣ˵ǰҵĺܲ
ζ·һԺü뷹cóԵĹӪҲѰζ
ҶЦеذֽãݵǶ˵ںѧʣرãҪǾò˼ãôؼҰڣмֽֽ̣ԸԸ̽ҡ
ڿӡڽ̿ĿѧңѧĿеż񣬾ͳһҶżӣ
Ƕļҵض
ףҶںŪȻȷʵ裬Ҳûе˶ݵĵزԣйԱĸж
һĻڹǰ΢΢һЦǶûȥɣȻɩӽҪ˯žˡ
Ȼ֪ҶϲȾƣȴ֪ҶȻΪһƿƣϲ⡣ҪþƣͶˡ
ǰû͹ҶĶȻǵˣǰ׼δ⺮ס
ҶЦеǶ֮󣬴ҵսʿ԰һ
ʦ𣿼Ժиũͬ־һ
Ҷһϲ̾ͬ־õ˸ί쵼֤ͨ˵Ա˲ҶȥôҶȻܹŬ
ҶϴʼĵĲҶºֱĺ̨˼ס֪ҶĴţȻֻһССķѣѾ㹻Ҷⷢȡ
ͶĶܹ㷺Ҷǰ㷭ĺܶ鼮ˡͶֻн飬ֻҪܹʲƸƸһлܴмֵͶ
ʦɾѾҶҪ׬ɽɽҪ࿪Ѽ·ӡ
ϹҶʳ⣬ʱӦһ£׬ʳٶˣӦܴһЩͶֵ˵ûʳҶҲ˳ְһѡ
ڳƣżɵµҲ
˻𣿡Ҷæʡ
Сսʿ˵ˣһͷСë¿Ŷġ


48 ΢ޣ
Ҷ, µĹӿҪˣҪ֯ԱʳɹȡҪ׼ŽϣЩͲˡܲӵĴӳ, 붢ʳճɲãȫ˾ָʳҺˡ
Ҷӹİ, ֻͦʵģعʵʵȫ֮һ˫ܷӣװһҶܳ, 淽ʽΪҪ, ҶһЩס
εĲҶϴĺö, ҶϴյĲҶֽġ
ǰһԴŲ˵
Ҷı, û, ˵һЩ, Ҹ·òҶʳ
ǰЩȣǰΪҶ㿿׬Щ㻨Ǯ, ֻССֵ棬ʶʱΪֻ۱ֻ, ïյ塣
ũҶʳ͸Լ㻨Ǯ, ǲһǰǸҪҰæ𣿡
ҶҶҡͷ˵Ҫ
ǰһģַĿɰ, ָԼ˵Ȼ硢͸, Ķᡣܸס
ǰһͣ·Լһ, ϵ΢΢ѡ
֪ԼǰôҶദģȻ֪֮УԼϰֽǵ׽ҲΪԼˡ
ҶѲҶʰ֮󣬿ڹǰ߳Ķ䴵һЦе˵ǰɻˣҪϴϴšҪ׾סġ
Ҷ˶٣٩صڶˣ֪ˣϴҼ˼ҦҽЦͦõġ
Խ˵ԽףʲôʱҦЦ
ǰ̫Ѩʹǰ֪ԼôֵĻģֱĿòſţѹռ߰㣬ȫޣ߸ıԡ
һ𴽣¶˰˿ݡ
ŬʹĻȸ¶׵ݣյľѡ
ǰǰôӰ࣬ܶ˿ܡࡱЦһЦãĸҲ˵ġ
Ҷ˶ˡ
졭Ϊʲôǰоֶ
ǰǰôЦƵˣҪЦҲӪҵԵЦݣЦü΢΢ڵ۾ʱһ㣬ѩڡ
ǰ˹˵̸°ɡ治ҪҰæ𣿡
ΣҶŴõЦлعŤͷ侲Ƭ̺˵
ҴߣϵдչҶддˣҪòҶڶڿ쵽ˣҪӡҶİװУ򹤳λҶУΪ׷ѵİ񣻵ڵ̯۲Ҷ
ǰַҶļϣͣã·𾭹һ˼붷ӵ˵İ
Ҷŵˬζĸһؿһ۹ǰһ˿·Ҫ£ϣյüҲ
ȥ׹ǰǰһѣרĵ㣬ˡ
Ҷˣȥϴһʵʵظҵܲˣ˯ã

һߣҡ
û뵽ԼôȱѾ˼һ飬ִ˸
ﻹʲôöȥ˼ҵ飿达˾ӵĶ䣬ɸֵ˵ûϢ
ֻƶ뱲ӣΪ⼸Ҫڲˡͷʹ˰죬ҪɴղصĹż˼ȥҲû˵Ҷղصİãе䱦˼ֻһ顣̫ͷˣ
ɲûϢǶȶ߲·ˡ
Цüģ۾ˡҪôϢʲô
İɣû£ɩӺءԺͷֶָָɩӺܺѧϽʰָָܸܲ㡣
ֺ£ڱֽҲ뿴ˣϽƶӴ⡣
ɷѱô죬жٱһ֪˼ǿôд
֫Ȳֵڲ𵶣
òóԷˡǶοǰɩӼҲȱԵģ֪ǾӼýӼۣ飬ԺڱĵطǷ
ǰСû˵ɩҲû۵ģҪǰǵԼĺۣǿ϶ܸ˵ġ
⻰˵õǲڣͰѹǰԼĺӿˡҪƤͰѹǰϸɶˡ˼Ҽҵ׺ұȲãҪ˹ǰ»Ȩĵɡ
ʱ׼飬룬ɵ˵˵ҲеҲͶǵīˮֵǮ˵ɩֻСѧţ̶ֽ̽Ҳкô
ȻƶôҲǲʿʦһѧУУһһС£СţӶһֽ̳ġܶѧҪĹŵӣԸա뵽Ϊڲ
ȿȣǶȻԲ⣬ҲǸŹǰһȥѧĸ߲ǰսھָӡ
Ƕʮ޳ɵصǸãɩͦѧϰġ
ĸΪԼеˣȫûпǹɷױ˵ĸܡ
Ҫѧʹҵ𣿡еһڷ޷޲ƽʵⶼˡ
ĸתͷͬ˵ðб²Է
֣ҪǲӦԼĹȥ𣿡
һʱ֮侹ҭ뾹޷Ͼͷﻹ˼ҵ⡣
һᣬҡҡͷҵˣҲÿ˼ֲ⣬Ƕ겻ͺץѧϰ
һѧۣһŵٻʮ꣬ԭԻʮ꣬ڹֻܻʮꡣ˵ǫĽ̳ĵûо˵ùȥ˼һһȥĿࡣ
ԡ˵վյ
ǫ⣬ȵóһĺ˵ɩӹҿҪ̤ʵϳԿ࣬ϽҾͶ̽ҿûӦ
Ƕ˸׵׼ܸˡ
ʱ㹻֣ҶֻСѧֵǶȻԼΪɩƫȴΪǹǰϱŴ˸׵ѧѧֻǳ£ԺĻ̶Ȼȴ󲿷˸ߡ
︸ȻֻͨͨˣҲÿ۱ʽ˵ʱȴӢģ˼ά㵹ҪӴҲ衣
Ҷɩӿ϶ɸ׵ѧΪǰ˵ܴҲܺѧ
Ҳܸˡ
ûŮҪٶ뷨õʱҲŬͷŮҪ飬ԽԽҪ飬ʶŲױ˵˼ңԼļʶ˵䲻ģǮһԼģѧıȴԶԼģ͵͵ߡ

ա
Ҷ½½ӵ˼ҶֻҪũͻӡ¿ѲҶ
ѲҶ͵Ҷ֮˵һǧҶһٽҾͰʣµĶͬ־ǸˡҲ˵ôຬҲôҶģֻҪܸǧˡ
ȻָֻҪǧ飬ǾǮȥȼˡ
һǮһҶҶͷ۸񶨵ͦ͵ģʵ˵ǧҶǮѡֻмô㣬Ҫѵ⿿һ
ӳҲʵˡҪܣҲøݳԡҶѲҶ꣬عͷܸǰѵͶ㹤ʡ


49 
ֻҶԼһ˸ɻ, һǮʲҪԡҶǮʺѧʿɲһЩѧæɻСѶ˵ȥ
ҶʼϵӡˢҶװСϴȽѡϵʽҶţ˼绰, ˼õӡˢϵʽ
ȻҶļƻˣ͹ĻЧ, ӡˢһװгɱߵզ࣡һӡİװҪ2顣
Ҹ˹ĻȥƳɱûӡˢĹ
Ҷ󣬺βȥҸ˹˹ĻҲѿں, մϡֹ۵ĶʹŹ, ڵ˹˵þײˡ
ҶǱȥѧУҼửĴѧ
ɵڶ, Ƕ¥, ҶСȥҳԷ
Ƕĸ׽ǫ, ԭйһĽɫ, ߲ȫ鹹ȡҶʵеԭ͡Ƕĸǫֲһ, ͥѧĳơ
ǰˣҼҳ, ɶ׼, ȥԷͳɣǶɤ˵
ǰͷãллͰ̡
ҶϢЩȻ˰ΣȻǰǶĹϵ, ȥҳԷҲڷ, ǲһģ
еĻˣ
һҶ°ͳƱȥʳöһ, Ȼ֮ǰǶţһ;ơȥԷ˽ҵڲԸǷ˵飬ΪǸɸˡ
ҶһĴţҲ٣˱ųԷı׼
Ȼͬһף׺;Ҳ𡣲ҶԹ˾ϸѾܾûвӰӡ
˷˱⣬ζĵõ˾²ˣľ²˼
ʱҲѵõľֻѾһѧһµӪǶŵӪ㲻ÿ쵽ֻɾ̣
ǫЩѾҵѧʱʱĵز桢ЩũԼֵĶʶϸɵ˻һ˴Ļ
г״ˮ֮˿˿ľ͸ƵģǴȻƷ
Ҷ͹ǰңս⺢ӣ˵ô𣿡
ȻҪȹǰǸ׼ҪһЩһεĴ׼䣬мţռúࡣͷסţֻż쵼ϲס׷ΪǫְλߵԵʣҷֵһСڶ׷Ĵ׼䡣
ǰǫѯ˹ǰѼ֮ǫҶһۣβʵǶ˵иҪҡ
Ҷʱ˵仰ʱֻǿ׻
ǿѳζǣѹγȤ⣬żǰݲŪ٣ֻССѧѧҪʹµ⣬Ҫ˼ˡ
ʵ˵Ҹͨ滭ѧ֪ûʶƼҡ
ΪѧĽڣǫһѧҶˣ˵ڴˣ϶ء
ǫû̴𸴣ǶҶ˵һʱ֮ҵûĸѧͨ滭˰ʣ𸴰ɡ
Ҷܸˣлл壡
ǫͷº͵˵õлǰӼǶǲǶ˵ܺѧԺҪѧҵʲôѾ尢̡
˵ȻźһԵǶĿд˿á
ߺһԷɣĵʱˡ
˾²˳⡢ͼĻ嵭ĺó˼һһԵú¡
˴ˬڣ壬ˬڿθʶ塣
ҶûгԹгɱƬ׷죬֭ģ㡣
Ҷ⣬Ϊ㣬ھǹƵģԵñȹ껹ҪãһٷԵԻ÷˲֮⡣
ڵĶѸ٣ڶȻҵˡͨ滭ѧ
Ҷ°󿴵һ߸ݵģŰɫӵľ򣬾н
ͬ־ʦ㻭ҽз밲
ҶͷӰȡһֽϻʹ뿴㻭ô
밲óǦʣѸٻд裬Ҷüȵȣ뿴Ĺˮۻ
û˵ʲôִͳëʣ̶̼৵ػһˮī򻭡
׺ʵҶ⡣ȻɾԼɼ첹ĺۼЬҲܾˡ
Ҷżɽ˵ûи㣬Ӷ㻭һһıꡣ
밲˺ȻǾִ٣𻭱ʹߣʦ˺ܺãܸģҪꡣ
ҶҡͷȤ˵һ㶼ᣬȱžܾҸ˵˵Ҫʲô
Ҷ죬ѾֽгװҶĺƷ
604015СĳκӣʵؽӲΪҶûǮӡͼֻֽгһɫֽСҶںӵһԲεοռв㣬ڼϻƵͼ
ֽеһӲֽ壬ݸ밲һҶֽУҪйԪأۣҪֽϻ滭ҰѺӸ㣬ȥôƺÿҿ
밲˺ǲ죬ŵĶֱֵɽ࣬Щִٲش˴֣û𣿡
ò̧ͷ˿ҶôҪأԼò¡
ҶĽ͵ǣҪͶѵɣ
Цõ˵ֻܻұ֤Ầ㡣
밲εҵΪˣҲڡ
գ밲Ȼ˺ӹԼ˼ͬСֽ壬ɫ졢°סɰȵȣл¡ĵףױŮ
ѻõӲֽֽ棬һйҶоˡ
ý۵װ˴׵ĺӣϸ壬ʵĺۼڿհ״òСһʫɳһ룬밮ˡǡ׵Ĳ֣˵ʫ黭⡣
дĲҲÿʹҶпӡˢûҪãҶһʱ֮˵޵Ļ
йǴУܵ˲Ҳô޳ĹȻһ˿ֱҶԤڡҶ˷밲һۣӪģȫĶ¡
ʱǿһšŬģںֱһƷ
Ҷʹظ밲ꡰĺܹܲˮƽҿһֽи05Ԫ
Ķֵһļ۸
˵ʵ밲û뵽㶫Ȼܵõ꣬סˣ˰β˵ҪꡣʦҪæôôҪǮأ
ȻĻ˵ûʲôũѧһ׵顣Ȼͷѧн밲̫ƶּģѧǮҪڵ밲Ѿѧȥеʦ
һëǮĻǲζйؼѧϰˣ
밲ҵҶѾһȥһٸӣ


50 
Ҷֽг300ֻ, Ҫֽкֽͨвһֽе㣬ڿ, ѷ밲úӵķȥֽлùӲֽʵҪϸ塢⻬, ʸС
ΪëҪֽгֽеĲϡٳûиӡáҶҲ100Űֽȥ밲
գҶصظ˷밲һԿ, Ҫûط, һС
ҶԿǡɫʵ, ѧƽʱֱ, ٽĩæѧ, ҾͿ˳, 밲á
밲ϲרŵĵطרĻ, ٶȷʵԸ졣ûпεʱһԻ߰ţԺÿ컭ʮʮҲ⡣һǮ, ٷݻ150Ԫ
زס, ôһǮ밲ƽʱ붼룡㹻һĻʳˣ밲ûҶµˡ
Ҷ߲һǮŪɱ˵ı飬ɵغЦǮϢ
Ҳ֪ڴѧ, һֻȫԤڵЧ, ȻǴߵҲǴСϹĽϷ밲Ļ, ˭Ҳûû˭
ҶԳƷģ֪жϧ˹ޣҶһӦֵõļ۸

ȴ˵һߡ
ԴӷҶ˼Ҷȥߵؿ˼βᡣȹľɩûĸ˵õģҶʲҶģԸȥʡ
Ҳ˱й⣬Ͼ۹òҵõĺòҡƫƫеúȣûúȣװĽ
ֻǴÿÿʵҶ˵ҶЩҶȫҡҪҲһġ
ͬĺܶ඼ǳľɩǺҶĽ鲻û˵һ䡣Ǻ˼β֮վǿסҫԼĨϹ˼Ҷ
ʱǡϷ밲Ʒʱ䡣
밲ԿױÿͷɣЧʱһڵĹ㶨ʮŻѻҶ˳Ҷװ˺ӣŰѲҶֳʮСװҶ
ҶõƷʱ򶼾ˣ밲һлͳɫУɰĺ졢ӣݡ°ס̡ݱסɫ嵭ǶĴɫںϣ״һСʫӣɫĺƻ裬ͯ²裬顰ɽͯòʡ
°ɫҹ˶³ֲ豭ɳһ룬밮ˡ
ɼ䣬ϪˮݱɫĳţԲۣΪӳ
ҶдسҶԤڣȻҹݲʣҶֻëǮֵ⼸ֻҶкƷƵģҶ˶Լղһס
ֻǲҶлûȣһ
ҶţһȺİľɩƬ̺ҶЦذ˽ݣһ³
иɩһҶϻûüʰĲҶҶУµʵ㡭ǲҶУֺÿġ
ɲǣһǱ㱻׾ĺסߡ
Ҷ²ǫ˵ҶĥŪһ׺װҶʱܰѲҶɰˣССֵ⣬ùȥɣ
ֹǻùȥѣ
ļɩסˣ˴֮佻֮д𾪡
ЩҶоȻҶŪģǴôŪôƯĺӣЩҶУ˵˻ΪǴӰٻ̵ĸߵƷǸղŻɺٻ̵ʲôʱ۵ĲҶУѵѴӻģ
û뵽ҶԼŪġ
ҶƵģиɩԾЩҧԼͷ
ҶЩЦ̿˵ֱŪƣ˻ȥġ
ɩŰԼ𾪵ضӣע˻ڲϣһɩ˵˵ͦƯģȰٻ̵ŪûÿҪҶû뵽ǻȥġ
Ĳʱӡˢİװ̰塢ֱɫҲȽϵһҶЩƯɫϸ塢ţȥ˵
̲סʳ˹ؼĵطĲҶǮһУ
ҶǰһˣװĲҶÿأٳɱ˹ȨҵĹǮһǺʵġ
顣Ҷ˵
еľɩҶֵǮһвҶֵܵһڵĹˣеľɩѾĬĬǮһŴʮ
ҶЦеǮֽظǮȻĵղҶǣܲס
շ׬Ǯ÷밲ж١
ҶյֻûȺʮвҶת־ûˣһĳƱĳƱ˰ȵĸо
ֻϧԼģԼǮ͸ˡ
ϣǰҶһϢ
ǰߺˮ˵ǼҸï˵ˣ㶩ʮĲҶҰ͹ȥ̸̸ôҶô
ʮȻ࣬ͷòáд䣬ܸҶҪʮҶѾһ顣Ҷĵ׺ܿһͷ
ĵش˷밲Ľȣĥ֮ڸϳʮֻӡ
գǰһƤʮҶҶһҶΪӴ󣬹ǰֻҶԭصţ˰ΣһСγ
ҶòûԼĽŸˣϳ˺ĳ棬һ۹ǰԼгҲֱг˧
ʱҶ·÷÷ĵѾԾͷˡοҶ𵥳Ϊ򵥳Ҫȯͷݳ޵ĹҵƷ߰ʮǻռ
Сγˣ޷ĸСϾǮһСγ
ƽʱɽ¶ˮģ˵ԼѼҲȫϽ˹ңǼ޸˸
ҶȵʡɶʱѧῪģ˵Ҳ𣿡
ǰỵ̂˵ȥǻѧġҾǷӡŶרŵĳ֣ò͸˻ˡ
ﻮһ˿Ц⣬ȵ㡣
γͣдïյȽذӭ˽ϸشһҶͦߵģվڹǰԾȻҲûĵð
ŮƤ׾ݰ׵ģձɹúͨͨͷ˿ɲ࣡
ǰϱǰɣïǰЩҶңźܲǰ˵ũ·ͦĵģš
ҶʮҶ˳ӣһﲻٵؽȽллˡ
ȽҶһҶʡʲô
ҶЦеشӰͳһԼɵݸȽֳʵء
ȽƳһۣҪסˣǡ⣬һ⣡
дû⣬ЩҪʲôζˡѣдľҲ̲ʲôˮǻлģѾȫ伣
ѵҶһɣȽ˵Ŀ顣
ѵǰϱҶļ۸
ҶЦе˵壬ҿԽдıذڲҶҲռöãֻڰ¡
дȻˣһϺĿˣcеĿⲻҪһؼңʵеĽȷʵҲΪcеһƬͷסдˣҲһľ
ȽǲŲһطǰϱڲҶϾ治ͶѣֻǰڹڣܻɲҶܲóȥ
ˬصͷû⡣
ȽܿҶΪʲôİѲҶȥ
Ҷѷ밲ĺӴ˹30ֻĲаŹ̨ʱֻ˾ǰȻһƽʱ۵Ĺ̨Ҳ˶࿴һ۵ĳ嶯
ҶЦеĺȽ̸۸񣬡ɢװĲҶ2һֺװĲҶÿ߿ǮҲ˼׸ɻÿһвҶҸһԪɡ
Ƚ˺ܾȣؿҶһۡﵹǺֱͷҶˡһͲҶ飬ݻˡһʮֻȫ˵ֵµĹˡ
ͷ˰ֱֱȥֻҪͷԸҪףȫƾһ¡£˿ڴʵʵڵĶ
˵ҶӰȡһֽݸȽþСд˹ֲĽܡ
ȽֻʣҶܵˮ©ﰵдҶֻ˳ģдĵطҶ⡣
ȴ޷ܾ󣬱Ͼﻹװ˼ҵ⡣
ڳһλøҶܸһЩ룬ֶΪҶģȽɸֵ²Ҷ࣬ѾͷզĳֻԺ֣


51 Сޣ
Ҷ˳Ƚһֻůˮ, 㡣
ȽЦݵذҶ˳ȥصԼİ칫Һͳɳ˼š
㡢ʮ, õϺõ廨⣬ݾ, Ĵָͻǰϱ治 ñȹӪʦóԡ

ǰŷ̻س̣ҶȻеȵȣǰߵֽгͣһͣ
֪ҶʱƵƵȥֽг, ͷ밲ŪһײҶаװ, úܺÿȻýڵΪ, Ӣĵİװʱ֡ڹǰ, ҶͬڵĸߵҲѷɫ
ǰѳͣ, ΪҶֽгҪȥú, û뵽ȴӳȡůůֽ߽г
Ҷ⼸˺üֽг, ˣֻһҶǴӸ߼Сγġ
һ, ĵ˲Ӵ, ǶĹٲſСγ
ûʶͷһʽĽѣοСγعƶһĿСγ
Σ۶500ֻӵǸҶˡ
ζʱΣ
ʱֽгҶ, ֻ˼ٸֽж, ȴܺüˣһĴεطĥϸڡ֪˻Ϊĵӡĥ˵ͣ
ƽʱҶŤͷ, ͨ첻һҶһСγͷСγ˿ɲ࣬ǳ
ҶʲôǰҶУڵãֱӿһ
ҶЦеȥ˳ΣԴůﵹһȡ
ηģҽ첻̸ֽе£Ҿ·˳ȱ衣
Ҷ֮ǰƵֽвǳģԭϾͺƤáֽгǲӣǡֽгָ꿼ˣҶµָ껹ȱӡ
ͶָʲôͶָȥҲɵĶԹҵĽαӲͷƤҶ˼죬ҹ300ֻӡ
Ȳ衱֣˵ҵʦƽʱѾæˡ
ҶѲݸΣ˵㳢ǳӶӾװġ
עʱϣ˵ȷʵڳ򣬳䷢Щשȣʱֿᡣ
ϸҶǰ컹ûڸطÿϲɫһǮ˼ҵӵܡСγģǻȻӣ˱ˡ
Ҷ渵˵нcеزǰרع裬Ϊе룬ɢװſһд飬ҪǶö࣬ҾǮ㡣
ĲҶĴ󻧣Ϊ˶࣬˵Ĺʸߡãʱְҵ֮һɻ˺ȵƷʣÿһʹˣһٽﲻ¡
ЦеشӰһε
һβɵӵÿ֣Ȼ󣬵ΪʽȱҪƾƱֻ쵼ɲƱÿÿ½һУϰҪ黹մζëϯĶ̡
ͨȥǰ̣ÿµȯתͱˣҶҪ㵽ֻ
οٵ˼½ʢġѵȵĻȥĳ²衢Ҫô׿ɹԱ׼ȥ²裬ҲǺò衭ȻûɶʵȨС»ġ
ԺҶСγĻ棬֪ǺηĴﻹǽΪ
ˬ˵ɣҸ㶩ٽѲҶò֧Ǯ
ҶЦеر߳˹̸һʴӸг
νŴеСγٻһأҶ΢ЦڳҪԺⶼɾͺˡ
Цݲõǰ̲ס࿴˼ۡ

ڿ쵽ˣҶæýŲմء
ҪҶӣӸٲ˵ġûǴֱȡΪãʿڸжͨⲻһ
Σͳ֮һԺݵ˶ˣҶĲҶúܺã״ͳҶУڼԺȻ²۹²۵ԽݣԽ
ϾҶƷÿһ裬һҶ㹻һ¡Ҷ㹻˺ȵס
ľɩŲҶеĽˣ˵ǴҶģҶŭĿԲɵء
вҶ
Ҧ˵ҶڴԺҶһ㶣ȵҶȱǮȱڴԺҲҶĲҶ͵͵ѾѹߵΪοĵظߵ
ҦǾˡĥˣΪСȻڻûʮ꣬ҲԶˡΪ㹻Ͼп䶷
ڴԺȻҦ룬ȴҲҶǮȥˡߺܶľɩ˽ҶҶ£ֻЩũ˲ŻԴǮ
ŮʿҶǰһɶ̭ĻҲû˵ϽһУҲŪóôƯĺӵǶɵһ˫֣Ҵһиүȡ
̭ǲʶ
ţӶˣʮ档ȥٻ¥߼۵ǹûвҶ㣬ҶҪƱȯǹҪƾƱǹҶ˵˺õľǿڲ衣
Ҷܱôڱô˵ԼװҶöһÿ߷밲ϽȡҲ밲Ҹ֣ȱ˵ζҶ뻹ǼƤ鷳밲ɡ
밲ÿ컭ҶУ˫ʹʱëǮһУҧȥˡ
ǰ밲ǰҶŹǰѷ밲ĳͽˣ250顣
Ҷص25Ŵʮݸѧ˳ļ򡰺úѧϰȡĽԺĻ㡣
밲˵ʮŴʮӲӲģ΢΢ĺմʪҡ
ֻԺҲ˵ˡ

ǰһ죬Ҷ˵һӵĶ˼ѴҶʮŴף廨⣬춹̶桢ɡ
ŴסҪһϣ˸𤾢Ƥǰ¹ˮһᣬӼҶӵʱɷ˼Ҷ
аӵϰף·ʴҶÿÿʱ򶼱۵øɸɾʱͬʳȶȱŴײ׵õҼһǲܵ顣
˼һǶƴӲŪ˵Ŵף˵ڹ۰ӵĶǴ˼ҡŪŴգҲĽý
ȻҶ˽µһѲϣӲ࣬Ǹ˼⡣
Ҷװ⣬ҲȱǮȴǱһĻشʹˡǴ۾þˣ¶㽺Ϳ
Ҷ߰һ⡢ұһŴףϰŸɫĺ춹̶棬еƵģ֪Ϊڹڣ֪ĻΪڹ꣡
Ҷʮӣ̽һڴղ¯ӣھҪõĲڼŴӡ
¹˰СʱƮŨŨ㡣ʿˮ˵ɩӣ𣿡
Ҷ۱Լķܴʲô֣ﵹæˡ
Ҷȴûиߣ˷СŵݽúҶ˺ܶҶĸҶ׬˺ܶǮ
ҶҲûڸ£ӵʱʱԵ棬ʱԼỵ̂ʳ
Ψһµֻʣ¹ǰѧϰǿһһۣܿȡҶ˰ӵ
Ҷ˹ǰһôӣһֻӣӱԲÿֻӾһģӿ̳ƵġĶҶһֻѾֻһֱ߱СɽѰӡ
һֻһֻ˷˺öҶŪïն˼ţֱԼϱߡ
һҶһֻ˳ζͦ
һֻ͵ӣȲҧһڣһڱҧڡ
ɼµж㣡
ŴױˮŴҶŴ׻ɢһ㣬Ŵۣ廨ݾȣ֬Ŵմһ˱ƣһҲˡ̵˻˻ȴ˺üڣԽԽ㡣ϵóԣ
ȻĽ˹ǰڼ춼кóԵġݼ˵һ£˱ˮ⻬Цֱ˲ֱӡ
Ҷ˼Ŵֽӣ͸ïշޣ͸壬͸ңһ͸밲ʹˣֻֻӸζ


52 Сޣ
ǰҵƮһ, յӵЩ鲨ҵǾһյҶӣסһᡣ
ֱпҶһĵˡ
ҪǱֺ, »ģҶȴᡣԴԺ鲻Ȥ, Ӳġѹ֪߬Ķ
ӳһһذŰĿأȡűĶ˼ŵΪС»Ƚ档СȷʵͦȵģǻҶ̭ǰǺ
ȽõҶ͵, ۾Цöһ, ѵҶ, 㲻ϵҶ
ζ嵭, ȴ˿˿Ƣӳ, ʳȱ˲Ÿ˶
, ǴڴԺգϾⶼҪɹˡܶ˱Ͽȥ治ɫ, Ծ̸Цʵȴ̲ס͵͵ʿˮ
ûгԵӵ˶Ľ۲
ζ, õж㣡ſﶼšһˮ

ڹ, Ҷ˽ǣҶһǮȥȼ
ȻûкҶ涨ҶǮʱ䣬ʱֵȳ죬ҵľȼҲҪ, ʱͱ𴦴ȼ˻㡣
Ҷֱһ۸һʾ޿ȫ, һܹһĿǮȥдһʡ
ӵ۵ʱԵɵɵġֱչۿ˿, һ֥ĴϢĩһʱ˨DD
221252Ԫ
ǧ飡ɵˣҵòҧԼͷ
Ŵ۵˫ۣȵ÷·ոģŶ죬Ҷ׬ǧ飿
ûüѲֿĲҶȫҶΪũæ½½һǧ׽ҶҶû뵽˼һգ۾ͿҶ׬ǧ顣
Ҷһ
һЩǧжõᣬͬʱҶҲﵽͶصĵز·׬ǧ˵ɵ¡
ûָҶϰѲҶٱһ㣬Ƕ٣˻ʳܱɶûǿû뵽̶̼ʱ䣬ǴʳǮͿˡ
õǮȥ֯ԱĴȼԺ˵ҶǡǴĹˡˣ
ҶȥУѴǮתǴӵļϡ
ҶʡæҵӶҶ´ðʣµĲҶҪæҼ㡣
Ŀֵ࣬ũæڣӵʱ򣬿ǴֻͷӣҪӵʱԲҶҪ˵ͨߵȻǵ㣬ôôܻеֶ
Ҷ˵ˣƴҲðѲҶȫǴǮˣҧҧҲǿԻǮȥģ
ҶһۻһɣӳˣҼȥɡ
ԼЩѵͶĩȥ˲Ҷ

һУ硣
Ҷŷ۱ڸһȺѧϰϰҶ˼׵ѧȥϹ˲Ҷ
Ϣͨ˵ʦŪһײҶ񣬶ǰϦĳϲòС
ѧϰƫƫ׬ǮܸȤԵĳ̶ѧѧƶƫ˼֡Ȼڵʶɹͳͳ׬Ǯ뷨ֱ쿪
ȴҶ׬ǮķʽܸȤνӰȡ֮еȻǮûнԼĿڴȴʵʵڵذ˺ܶˣʦһֺȤˡ
ҶֵһԼűһ鱨
ƽʱȻҶѧϰô׬ǮûϾܾ˾ò̫Ծɵʦ²ūǰɣӵĽ׬Ǯ
ѧ
ҪʦѧգɵҲûɶϿεʱûسܣһ˵ûɶ⣬輸Ҳûɶ⣬˲Ҷô£
Ҷ°˵ǰѲҶҴ׬Ǯ
ɶԥˣȥ֮󵽴үү̵ѽ赥Ǿȥˣ޹Ҫ˵ıûУѵıµǸڶҪõͽ赽ˡ
һȺŵ۵糸ر£ƺƵĶ鵹ݵơ
ڴڽӵȺ׳ʱ򣬲㱻Ϲۡ
ʦͣ˵ҰֹȻҵˣŵһ·ɽ·᫣Ƕɢ˰ɣۡ
ѧǱͻҶƭɻĿģս˶ɵۣëȻ
˶ùͷ߸Ƥнľ͵ĻˣСԴǰ߹·ɼץһԽԶԽģǿҪƵ
ȻùսʡԼܹӣ뵽ũȻӵ˵زֿܲζƲͷֻͶӳҶ顣
ǵǲ£ʱҶǵȡҶͼ
ʦǡҪȥЦˡ
˵û龰û뵽֮µũȻôǺȥСĶӡԴ
ذӭȥ˲ֿ⣬ôĴǰѲҶȺѧ޵ĵϣضʦǰǺܴæǼҲǺޣرīˮĳԺ϶гϢ
ӳҶĳޣЩһûš
ߣں߸ǡ

գҶӵ޶˻ĲҶ֮󼸸˫ۺͨͨظƵģһʡһͨû˯ллˣȥ˯þɡ粻дԾˡ
ʱȻдԾ
һµʦ̫۸ˡԺ֧ҸɻҽҪ˯žˣ
ǿҶɻһû£·˶ˣǼ̫Сˡ
︴Ӽˣ·ģۿŻ˶ζ治ܡ
ȻҲùھѰ꣬Դּ๤ˣ˱¸ڣû뵽ŵļ尾ȴǱ벻
Ϊ˽ǣģݣࣨģˣ
һǳ׹ԭΪʳƶֻΪҵжôҸ


53 
ʲôҶ, Ҫ˵Ϊ˽ѧɻɵģǿһᡣ
ȺҲ̫Բˡ
ǴӻͳдһţݸҶ
Ҷ𿪿˿, ︽һվݵcxϹյҶʦҶ221252Ԫ, ϹһԹع50004000500ũ2, ӹ230, ÿԼֵʳǴ, 硢ظί¡
ĶˡĵعϺ͸, عϼ۸ǮһƱ, ëǮҪƱ, ά࣬, ͺμҲֲ۸Ҳ
Ҷ˶Ŀ֪ҪչʳҲס
дʱҺʹĸɲȥ˺ܶȼ, ̿׸Ǵʳ, ½ʦصġҺʹ嵳֧ɲǱһʦٻϹ壬Ļǲʤм㣡
秵һͲԼд, ôĻ
ҶӹĹҵŷһֽ, 滭˺ܶʳס, ŶʳĻŻ͸¶ϲã޷ε˷ܺͼӭ͸ֽҲܸоõֳֵա
ҶźЦˡ
ԤУֱ俴һ̨ۣۿɼٶڼĴס廨⡣
׺廨⽱Զ100ϣҶһ
ǰۿһ˴ˬ죿
ǰۻϿΡ޸ҵֻܵõһʳȴһԵõϰٽʲô޴ĲҶǸܽˣɵز²ȻͶļֵ޷ȽϣͶͬǵӰвͬ
һͶӰѧˣһӰһӵˡͶӰǾҪأ
ҶȻ¶ԣѾԤ⡣Կ϶Ľӡ֤ҶǰĲ룬һµ׬ʳ·ӣ
100廨⣬ʾ޶㹻ҶϺһӡ
Ҷϵ΢Цáʵ˵ܻܡ͵ζٶȣδϱܡⲻΣ
ѧЦơ
ҶЦеغ˵ҸߴһϢӳдϹѾڳﻮʳܿͿԴʳȥòҶǺܴæ
Ϣһɨգ
ʲôּĵĵطͻȻʳϢģ
ѧ֮ЦʡǰҰְִвҶдģͦúȵġʦ˵ҶʳҶйϵ𣿡
ҶЩ죬û뵽ѧ
̹еصͷЦе˵ǵģȲʦʦڲŻݼۣȥдı˶ˡ
Цգ۰ʾҲ裬ʦô˼ôң
˵˵´δ㡣Ҷ˵ѵͶҪײҪ

°ҶȥȽһշֿ⡣
ȽҶôôˬӦѸٵϰȥҶ
ҶѾչǧԪǰĿ꣬ʣµĲҶкܶ࣬ⲻǻ£ζҶ׬ܶǮ
Ƚ˷ӵĲҶɵ²ۣôҶ𣿡
Ƚ֪ҶĵϸġҶֶסţζͲһˡдǿٶ200Ҷٶˡ
ҶͷȻͿŰɣʱдǵҶ¶
ִҪǱ˵ȽǲŵģҶ˵ȴмֵĿŶȡҪҶû㱾£˼Щȫ
ҶдصԺżɢװĲҶһһŸҶھӡ
һԪļֺǺǵشҶӹҶһŻԪҶǮѺһƱؼҡ
һĻڱ˵и˵ҶͳͳƷȥ̵ҪƾƱġ
һɩ˵ĹƫƫҪմһͭζ
͸¶΢ŵıġ
Ҧ꿴ҶʧıӰЦЦ˵ҶһǹͳͳƷЩũͿԼֵĲҶٻ̵ߵĲҶҲǲҪƱģֻǲ֪Ҷǲ롣
ɩúʳͦãȻ֧ΪӦ֪ĲҶôȥ򼸽ﳢ
Ҧ꿴ΪҶΧʵȴķע⡣ҶͶѣҶΪʳһҲմߣʳãǮ
˵עȻתƵҦĻϣԼ¶߷ߵĲҶװһɢװһ
ȷʵͦҰµĹʡʡһгҪǺúȻͷȵǳζҦ硣
ʵҦȱǮΪץסȻͷԣԺȣǮĶ˵ǾţһëڱȴһʲСĿһ¹ʲʮ飬ȥҶļвҶ
Ҧǵùǰĵһ꣬Ҷܣֵòɿһȴ鱨쵼ʱҦʦ˵¡
ʱҦĿͲڹǰϣû˳ܵԭҪֱͷѣѵΪ
Ҧ̧ȥҶҡ

ȴ˵һߡ
Ҷõһٽ廨⣬ŽӲ͡ӦöһʲôʳۻʽܵҲ
ĸ·Ҳ㡭Ҷ̫ûгԹѼ⣬ȡѼҲܷ㣬ѼᣬȡҰôѣÿÿֳ
һȥȡ˵壬Ҷǰ¥һȦԻ顱
Ҷïս˵ںĵغ͹ǰ죬ܻ𳵡
Ҷһ˵ǰ㾭ïս赥°ࡣ
ʱ㳣ȥƫƧĵط§̸ֱ˵СɽµСЩط㻹ǵ𣬴ȥɡ
Ҷƫͷȥһ۹ǰݳ˵ʱֵ͵͵ѹ˲ҿЦȴů
Ҷ§סŮ˲Фɫеʡ㻹ˣ
˵С˵ǣǾ޴һеʣˣھȻΪŮ񡱣ǰڸֳƵƵżҦꣿҪҶⷽ濴÷ϵһĸҵ˱Ůֵüɹˡ
ǰ˰ӡûУ̲ס˳飬
ǻôĵµˣ˼ȻѾ˺αػҪȥ͵͵£
ƽؿҶһۣȥСɽ¡С֡
ҶʵڲƭǰȥС֣³ãȻһֻطɱ˳Ҷȥ׷׷һ·󣬳ɹɡһֻĸ
ǰͣõҶͷ󺹵ֻţɵü
ϱֹ˵ı£ȥġļһ·⡣
ǰվڵԱߣֱ߱䣬촽΢΢ģЩصӢ֮˾̣̫ɷ羰Ҷ˸סĸһߡȥؾŹǰĳӣͷ
̧ͷţȥסˡ
ǰҶس˫ֲɵذȣһӼഥܿǾӨĺ飬ӣĴ顣
ͷ̽Ĵ
ǰ˵һ£һƬֱ촽ҧʹ˲Żع׹һ֮¹̡ҶüչźεĵЦ뿪㱻ݺݵضסˡ
ǰ͵͵ȷʵһζ


54 
Ҷ촽, ǰĴҲˣһ֪ô¡
ͷƫأǷҲڹܡҶͳ͵Ŀں, ڸס촽˵ĺۼǰȥϴֳϴ˰ղһǰһ˼ҡ
Ҷȵ, Ҧ꼸ԼſڵˡҦеشкͬ־ڻˡ
˵вҶһ㡣
Ҷ㿪ţҦǽݡ
һǰ, һֻĸ, һɽǸմӲ˳Ƶġ˹شӴȡɽ档
ҶóҶҲûЩ˵ע
ˢˢڹǰĸ, þöŲҦҲɾȹǰȥ򵽵ļ
вѾܾûм, żʳƷӦϢ, 賿ͻȥŶ, ÿһҪһֻֻȥң۸Ҳ˲ȥںиۡ
ҦǮ, ȴҲῼôݳ޵ѡ
һɩӴȤʡֻĸʣģ
ǰ뿪, ҶЦе˵ⲻ겻ڵõѽǼ͵ġ
ǰΪҶ͵, ûг
һͷҰ˼٩Ҷǵ㡢ӡҰҰ͵һЩԺⱲӶ徻
͵ġǰ˵ĸûд˵˼
仰ȴһ㺬壡
ȥɲʲôʵ, ĺ«ƵġһɩӰҶС, ϢϷֻǹǰȥģ
ôʵļûǮɩ۵ͬʱ붼̲סǮ
Ҧߴ, ֻϷһǿۣǽϹû𿪵棬¹Ŵ˫ϲֻûɢɫˮǣָߵʳǲϧƵġһš
صĵط龫̷۹ӡɾƤЬЩɶǸҶԵġõĶ
Ҧʵ˨DD
ǰܼأ龫ǲӷοƷĶҶġжʳãҹǰͰԼĹʿҶ˵ĹʼĿͦɹۣȻҶִЩҲûб顣
ҶһǺȣŵⲻײǵԭŮһǮ
ҶĲˮζݼ㣬ǴҵעڳɱëĹǰϡ
·ֻǽǣٺúȵĲ˿ҲȲϼȷʵڶûһӵ˵ջ
ǰҶƨҲԡ
ҶҡͷҲԣǰ۾գһ£һúõⱻӵͰ
ǰڼݼٵһ±ĵطûɶͳⷽͻͽ
һᣬ๾ĹˮƮһɵļǰһ뼦һ˳ĵذѰɾгС飬þζ˰˼
һˮĶһֻĸõˡ˱˼̣Ҫʹˡ
Ǹǰȴᣬһǰ׼񵽵ļȣﲢûпԱ漦ı䣬ٲŻᷢ
ҶʹĸͶɹ͵Ҳǻ˵ǮģԼŬָľǳһ⡣ôܻΪ˳Բ⣬ίԼŴͳһʳ׼
һĻüŮ˿Ǹӣｻ֯Ľȡʹġۺ
ͺñͬżľ籾Լսӣͷһе˲龫ȡĸԣˮǳһһţ̬άƽ
ҦᵽʳǰæµıӰ㱵ûȥٶעעǰڼ޸Ҳһӵ̷ۡǹʳǰҲȥ羭ʮĴĥ˷һഺ
޸һͨͨˡ
Ҧ֪ǰϱˣӡеЦദѹ뵽˽µһģ
ҶҶǮ΢΢촽ͿźͨͨĿں죬һпģ
ʵֿֿܻʱ硢ûҦĿҶݹĲҶУһ˿˼
һ꣬ҦһвҶ
ҶΪ׬ԭŮһǮû뵽ôһʾ޿ȴֻһУ׷ݵһ衣
Ҷ΢Ц˵λɩӡҦͬ־˼ˣҪ˾Ͳˡ
ɩӲγѣվҶ
¼¥һɩӶҦĲҶУﷸ¡ѹҪҶһٷһֻǮĹĿ
Ҧҡҡͷ˼ңĸ͵𣿡
ﻺһͷĸȻ͵ģ̷ۡ龫ǹܸò͵İɣ
Ҧвɵҡͷ˵ҿһˣҲȲôõĲ裬ǮһвҶֵá
ҶǴشӲũչҶ׬ȡۡ
Ȼʱƶģûкץôϸ񣬵ʱ仪һͶѵ˼Ҫǹдˣһʱ䵹ᱻƵ˿ڣͶӵĺӾҪͷˡ
ĽﵽһĿܹͶѵı׼Ҷôܲ׬ǮһвҶԪƱҪֳ
Ҧ겻֪ǰʲôӱסεִ˸ɴЩѻ˾ͺˡ
ȻǰҶĲȡ
ҦͷµһһǮҪȫͶΪУһǮҪԼ˼⡢ǰļƱǮ
һֶô˸жľ


55 
ٱֻȻǲҪҦ, ֮һ˾ٹµĺ䶯峿𴲴, xxxʡyĳͶѣĲȡ, 6Ԫңг۸ǣΣա
ͬһrձϿ, Ͷѷ, ָΪ桱, ȡʤ, β͡
뾾͵үȻ6Ԫʾ޶Ŀشϰյķιӡ
ͨϰӴش󰸼Ͷѷӣû뵽ͶѾȻĲȡ˱áְҵĹ, һӲԲȶôǮ, οͶһԲũ
ſѪ⣬ȴԼһʱ֮Ϭ۳, ϰնԡͶѡΪʹ
ҶڼԺҶѾ˺ܶ˵ע⡣
Ҷũ, ˵ԼһĲҶҲȻĺװҶŪøߵ, Ȱٻ̵ĸߵƷѷɫҪǱ˲ʣ»ΪǾĸߵ
ȴԶдҲ˺ҶһģһĲҶҶԶдȲ裬дľ̸Цʶ
νӵҶľٱŵʱ, ΪԼۻˡžٱϸؿһ, 齥ࡣ
ӡҶǸʵϵˣǰͬ־Ϊɡһŵ͹, þٱͶ˸Ҫֱ͵Ҫרųˡ
Ҧȴ˺ü죬ڸ칫ϰ˵νӵٱźҪȥ˼Ҽҷá°·˼ҵԪ¥£¥Ͽܷ飬һƬȡ
ӹͶѡǰôҶ
벻˻飬ҦҲ¸ߴ󲮣۾಻ɳӣ϶Ϣ¡

˼ҡ
ҶںŹǰļ⼸ųСҵѧϰҵ񣬺òⶼ˼
һΣ⼸û±ȥ͹ǰСּҰĻʳˮƽǡ˵ǰˮƽͻͽ֭øʴζٺȲᡣ
ǰҶҲûüʲôúȵģ£ʳη衣
˵ţҶżεãһ㶣кš˼һɣ
һ߽˼ҺϹżϸһȻͬٱһۣ׸װŰ׻ĴףϷżʽĲҶУĸǦƵֱ׹
һŮͬ־Ҷҵ¯ϾȻһﻹĺ⣬뵽Щܶǹ֬ģɫѾÿˡ
ҶøһĽ͡
ٱűžһ˦ϡ
Ҷ򿪾ٱſ˿ϣĴǣѾٱһӣһʲô£дٱžȻľٱҲܡκǰģˡ
˳ЦеظʢһŨŨļ
κ͸ͬ־ɫЩÿ΢΢ü͸¶һĨŹ֣㱻ٱ㻹ˣ
̫Ѩ̲סʹ
Ҷ̯˵˵òֵĵûУһװ׹پɩƾɶ˱һҾ͵ۻȥ֤Լס
Ҫһ˾ٱңҿ¶ù͹æűҥ֤ˣõҶٸµĹ򡣡Ҷκͬ־ԽԽڣЦе˵
ȻβˣôңһԸνͽ͵ġ
ҶԸ֣øŵСҡ
ӴͷĹȡһ飬ĺȻǡϪظίᡱŸίĴ¡
ϰֽдšСء쵼֧֡ζʱôһ£Ŀ͡
ϸҶ˱ÿһ֧ȡĿϹյĿĲ
ϹĸɲдҶţһضķɵһԾѣԭΪҶ׬ǮĲҶͷ㣬˽ﴧͶѣʵȴĬĬذˣ
̧ͷʱĿѾľ塣ֺ˺£Ǹÿǵֽʾǽģ
Ҷ˶ɢͷĳصǺһ£ӦðϱôҰһ취Ӵġ
ҶˬʵЦЦЦдһĨѺͼǿû£ͷʱ˼ѣ˭סԼһ˳ܵùܹԼһ΢ʳҾͺܿˡ߲ӣȻܽ⣬Ҳ鷳
˵ҪԼжˣҪԼＸȿȡ
ǨDDҶһת޷޲ƽ˵дٱŵͬ־Ȼնٱݶ֤һٱˣöٺ˺ģ
òɵ˼˵ͷ
Ҷɤӣ΢Ц£ҵıΪռʳţ鷳Ҳֱ˵Ŀ϶ΨDDȼ𣿡
һѾЦݣôҶôϲһЦݵ˵ȣȻȣ
˼Ȼֻһ󵥼䣬ǰΪ˱ȽϽһѴҸ˳ǸŮͬ־쳤ҲǱʲôץ
Ƭ̹ȥЦڵسƷ
ϸĵһСʱļɫƣϸһͻ汻˻ɽҩ˱һڣ֭ʾס˵ζ١
ɢʽܵʴ֮дһζκȵûһ㱡ĺá
ѽ㣬кóԵĶ
Ҷӣǫ˶ѣʱ˵ס
Ҷ۲ܼ񵽶ĺĬĬĺ£ֻүˡ

δӹ˼߳ûʧĮһ硢ЦӯӯشӵԪ¥߳ҦòԾ
ֹ˼죬ûκҶĴ˵ٱžʯһ㡣
дٱŵ˲адһϱӡǱҲûлӦ
õٱţž˦ϣٲȻίġ
ǲ䣬д͸ĽٱŶдԼַ֣Ҫá
Ҷͬ־û⣬ҪҪС飬ʵ֤
ˣҶû⣬ɸ£һ粨ֹֻͣĳЩͬ־ȴάҶٱдֵģ
Ҷεºܣ
ǸٱľɩõϢˣ̲ס޷޵ˣɷίǷ͹ǰϵܺãҶ̫ˡ
ҦϢĵȻˡǰǰƽѹءϱӵҶҲƽƽضɹⳡΣ
ȻҦûҶҶĿܣүȻôһ£
С꣬԰ҰٱŽҦʦ𣿡
ҦӦˣãҰ㡣
ûã컹ûüҶͬ־ٱĽԺ˶֪ҶҶͶѣ⡢ȼ¼
Ǹ칫ҲΪѹžٱŲʵ飬ٱֻͶ˲ӣòԵ顣ٱŴĳʦ칫Ҳ֪¡
ǶôʹޡͶѡ
ǰϱȢ̫ˣƷԾͼҴҰ˽ʵ֤ƷԲˣͲǮܵǵѪǮҲ׬̫ˡ
֪ðۣ̲סԸԸ£ʲôѪǮ˭ǮѪǮ˼Ҳũ͵ðװ͸ȣ
ͶأżȥҶ¡
Ҷ˵΢Цҡҡͷ𼱣û¡
ʲôܺߣҶڷܺһ𾴵ʦʡȽ͵ȻҶȴһǮûԼſߣＯǮʳȻ˶ٴ񣬶ôˣ
ܱݣϹȫһӦӢԩ˭Ӣۣ
ҶЦеظһ裬ҪԺԶҴС档
ҲгɱģҶҲ˻ˡ
øɵۣȴʲȻ
ԵʱѾףû뵽ڷӵ˵ز
Ҷʱˬ˵Ļһ䡰Ը鷳塱һ䡰²Ҫ˿϶ûţ
ô˼ȫ׷ˣú˶ôĺ
ڵȥĳʦİ칫ҡ
վڵСսʿ˵칫һƹƹңʦӱĵ߯ȻʦƺŶӳ˰칫ҡξһֻսʤĹͦص߳һƯʤ̡
˵ɶ
ҶȻҶ˼ҲͶѣôֱ׳


56 
ʶɾٱķҪ, Ҧʦһ٣Ȼûҵ˭Ͷģȴе֪˭ŵݸҦʦ
˵Ҳĸͬ־д, ͶݾٱţȻǲԵġּӦø, ôԽأԽҲøβдţܲΪǰͬ־ֵµ˾͸дٱŰɣ˵ǲ
Խί, ͱҦ쵼Ǹ˭ѿ
һ, Ҧͬ־ҲǺͿ
Ҧ˵˸ȥҦʦ, Ҧʦ񻹱, ĺر˳
ҶȻ˵ȥҦʦҦԽԽԾ, ܾķչӲǰӰӡ
ǰûкҶ, ҶԶԶûӡеġóҦһ£ԽԽԾ
Ҷֹ, ϻһɵĶ˵ζЦеģȲµľɩ˵Ƿǡûʽľɩ
ֱ, Ҧʦ°, Ҧ겻ԤӦˡ
Ҧʦѵѽ㣬ԩ˼Һͬ־ҽ˵СǻӦ񣬸ƶﱸʳʣֺͬ־֯öʵҽԺЩûķݣ
һ۱㿴ֶŮ˼, ôôͿͷһ, źúúҶͬ־Ǹ
ҦʦҲǹû, ֻٱ͵߱㴫ģ
ҦԽɫԽףҡҡͷô˵ͬ־Ļ
˿ֽԵû˵ڸҦæҦʦţվͬһϵơ֧֣ôڸ첵ŵ£æͶݸҦʦ
ҦѸת̹Ȼϴ²õķڱʶ˲ֻ˲ŻٰƱ硣ǰǱ߿²֪æݵţô
ôһ룬Ҧ껹粻ϣ
ʮ궯ܶ˶ˣҲ⡣Ψǰܹܱʮ궯󻹻׳Ҧôܸǰӡ
յصΪˣǲʹ£ŸҲǰ׸Բš뵽߻ᴫһͬ־˵
ҿԺʹ̹ףдžٱ֣ɩɩҲڮҶͬ־֤ڮͬ־ΪҪá

һߡ
Ժ˵ҶͶҶ󣬲һԵȰҶߴð˴үҿǰڱûݣҶмܲ
ɩţ仨ĵȰҶͱ㳤һЩĻûκúú֯ϸд¾͹ȥˡ
⻹ģҶЦеꡣЩġȰ˵ֻǵҲס˶ȥ
ҶΪɩӦǸɩĨڣ
ͶǷģҶͬ־Ȱ⼸úθĹ£֯ĳͷ
ҡ
Ƕ˵ºѰڴ֮ǰ˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻΥģҶҲǵùײ˵ϣֽڹ۱ӶӲ
Ҷ˴ţԺҲ˵Ǹɸɾģͷ˭û˽½˵أïɩҲӴʱֵƷԼӡɩɩµز
ƫƫҶزһЩעĿ
üߺȵȥεҵ۾˼뷨ӡ
Ƴһɷ򣬾Ȼ˼Ȳ裬ȵĻҶĲ裬ȺȺȣ㻹ȵȥҲС뷨
һڲˮεǶ԰ꡣ
Ȼǫ˽ҶΪˣҶѧֱǮƶһȺܾȡ
һвҶǮϲֱ˼ˣôܻ̰ǵͶѵǮ
ƽ͵˵Ƕ˵ҶֱȺѧķֱÿǮҶˡЩǮûҪȫ˼ҾѵѧҶǮ˼ôϣǰϹģȵȺɨDD
ĥҲƲҶƷۣ˼ҸȱǵǮǰֵӶǹ˼ҿģϵóŵ̵꣬Ҳմһ֡˵˼Ҿ˴ļʣҲ󣬷ͼҶǮ
ضʮѸ٣˹ھٱҶͬ־ŹʾʾڮҶͬ־Ϊ˸췴ҶһٽĲҶѲҶοƷ֮С
ڳսʿʿַοƷ缦סʳͣ˲Ҷ
һϵֵľٶôá
Щ֤Ҷͬ־ףŸҶͬ־ͬ⣬ϪظίĲҶԼϹίĸлšӰӡļӭһ⡣
Ҫͷ̫ѣʽýʿã϶Ҷͬ־һס⡣
쵼˵ĳЩͬ־ڮΪҪǶű˼ҵһһߣԴöȣϵĽϾʱȣ֯ϸϣһھϻȽϣȽ˭˼Ʒʸɹ󣡡
ȻûʵĽĩʱҶġʽգ۾˨DD
õżֻҰ˾Ժ
ǽ˽ţֺǺǵرСսʿ˽ȥ
Ժ˼ڡũˣһƬȣ˳ԾҰ֪Ϲ塣
Цݵ˵ʦġ
ʦĸʦҶ𣿡һʡ
ǺȻ뵽칫Ϲĸлţû뵽˼Ͼˡ
ͷҶʦضǴûоȼҪûȫ˶Ҫӣ֪Ҫˡ
ǰʱæյׯڣûлæҾлȫ˵ľˣҪǴղ·ѣöлȥɽ׽˼ֻҰ
ҡҡļʡʦôߣ
ⷬԺļȻ˸ͻͻ
ʷ̫ˣǰŸյ˼ҵĶˣ˼Ҵĸɲˣʲô£
һЩ˻ȻԭҶͼԡҶ˵Ұ͵ģͼԡ
һȺ˿ŹᾣܸɣҲϴĸɲʮ˶ˣϹֻ˼ˡ
֧鷢Щ˱鲻ԾЦݣһԵȥ
ʲ֪һʾǳĬˡһȺɲǺ˲ӡ˶ԩòҪץȥͣȫˣ
ǰʱǸͶѵķӱץȥǹˣҲ˵ˣͶѿɲС£
ɲ׷״յĹʾ£ʶֵĸɲļ˳һԭɹþͺںǺס
֧˵ʦΪɡôԩˣ
ӸŮȥǴһ鶼ûо͸˿ñӣޣĸͬ־Ҫˣ
һǷʡô۸ˣũǲǣҪû˻øԩˣ
мҶôܷŹ£ԽԽŭļݸˣһӣȥѼ͸ʦ׮壬ȥ쵼ָ˵
Ⱥũһ뻹ֺǺǵģһɷ˺£һҲúŪˡ
Ժ˿żũȥβ칫ң
칫ҵͬ־ԿǺȻʹԭΪµΪֹû뵽ȴô׹ȥˡ

ȴ˵һߣ˼ҡ
ҶǶԺ¥ھӼ֪һȺũҶҰˡ
ҶſضڼſڵˣҲһ㶣Ͻ˽
֧Це˵Сգ㰡ũûɶö͸㣬׳ɽѹ˺þãҵֻɱ˳ζɡϹˮ飬ɽĶǺö
һֿЦŲ䡰ݡûɶ⣬ҲǺüĸﶼûóأƧҲûɶöҪ˳ȱʳˣ׼ø˳׹
˼ҵĴǳŵģǰһھȫЩ
ھʮָӣȻҶͶԸҲû侮ʯȴġ
ҶȺڵĴ񣬸ݣԼŶӣȴԶһˣҰѾ㹻Ҷˡ
ȻҰҪǲҪģҶȱһԣ
ЦЦСһ׮ҳݡ´βҪôƷˣЩɽľҰܲҾˣûȥɣ̫ˣҳҲ˷ѣȥµ㡣
Ҷ˼裬˳Ҷ׬ĳƱ˳յֻûȣʵòˡ
ǵһ˽ͬУҲ°·٣ûü浽еǮҲһȡ˳ĴʮëƱϣһ506Ԫ
ǰʱҶ1022Ԫ˻ϴθĴ۱ϼһ374052Ԫ
Ҷ˵ܳһݸǣûȥǴĻƣҶʣ´ԼǧѽæѧѧԣĿ϶ǽҶ
ũɲһѣ뵽ҶҶ㱻Ͷѣֹסӿ
²ʦúù
ǧ鹻ʳˣҶҲûϵˡ
֧鶯ݵ˵ﱻҶ˼ĳƱֵøݺᡣҪǸ˲ҶøҶнĹ⾰
밴ĹҼһָʮҶûĻƤǳԼҶһǮʦû͸ǴʳǮ
ʦǲԩˣĸɲǷ߿ʡ
ýˣ⼸Ϲͷ˸ͷˣ۴ôˣܸ棡ǵʦģʦЩ߰
ҶЦе˵û£ȥɣ˿¾͸ϲˡ
۸ͷˣôûأ
֧ͬеĴʹ˸ɫֺǺǵ˵ãʦ۾ͻȥˡ
Ϲǰ뿪ھǺҶſڡ
ǵĿϰɽɹɵĢľܲɡ̳ӡϺסһֻסŵҰ
ҶȻܾ˴͵ҰǺ˵˵ǰһֻʵҶû취ֻһֻĸ
ԿóЩ˼⾰̫ãԼԲȴＷЩʳɼ˼ҶøжھǸеݡǶһݶ飬ֵز
ʱһʳɽĽˡ
ɽȻֵǮȴҲ˼ҵһ⡣οһֻʱж󲻱ض˵ûгζ˵һ޷ܾջ
ʦЩæҶɽĴ𣿡
Ҷͷ˵ǰǺȵĲҶЩֵģúȰɣˮ㡣Ǯ˵һסһⶼ򲻵ȴԾǵӣҲŵðǡ
ھòֹϻģҲûţӿ
Ҷ²˼㶫ͶѣԺǺܶ˶Ҫꣿٽһ룬дű˵ͷϿñӣԺҪˣ
ÿҶ֤Լǽı룬ҪԼƺҲϴˣ


57 

ȴ˵һߡ
ڹͷβֻ칫ҵ, 㲻дС˵̫ˡ
ҪȥҶϹҪֵ̯ù, Ժ˭ǣ
Ǵȥβεİ칫ҡƶũǱʡùũĴ, СսʿҲû
Ǻ˲ӣ˵ϹļίҶʦæҶѾ׼, ƾɶ˵ʦͶ, 쵼һͣ
ϹŮɲϸ, ˸һŮͬ־
Ůͬ־˵˸ĳ쵼, ŵǸ쵼ֶŮҲ֪ĸСдľٱ, мҲ֪, ǸԼݵŵֶŮȻʲôû
µĸɲܻݹϵ˾Ȼ㶼
ǸԼݵݾٱŵҦʲôŵ, ʲô˼, ΪʲôҪʦ˵
ȻίĴЩ, ǿǸģثˣ
ԣ˵öԣʦҪҪģǸŮͬ־ͷǸûУһŹ¾ˣǸ, û꣡Ҫǲ, ۻίᣬ쵼ܹܡ
ίüͷ, ѯȥΨһ֪Ҧ˹
ҦھҽԺսʿʱ㶡
ֱȥί칫ңһȺˣԲ۾˵ؾһ¡
ǽϲżªĲݱЬǲ·űͷɹѵƤӵƣȻǴũҦһսϵеһˣ
·ŵʡɽӱסڵھӡ
Ҧ걻·ŵ´ʮ꣬ũ˴뱲ӵĽǴֱƤǳ̰ģΪһԳüլΪ˼ǮܷĿɳ
˿ǶɷʡԭŮޣ˵ʦʲôô
û뵽˴뱲ӽô׵سǰҦس֮ıǶκڰ޹ļ£ŵǸ¼޵ǸɷҲû
ҦκˣһƬհףûСҶʦǱģֻǰǵš
ҪǸƽʱ˵ױ׽סСӵĻ
˼Ůͬ־ɫ԰ףҲŵ˼ңһ׺ʲô취
һö˶оˣҶŮˣźͿʲôףҦͬ־Ȼʲôûɫ
ǣûˣǣʦȴûֹǵûֹɿǵţشҦ˼
ίԭǲ򾭹ıˣʱصٱš
Ͱض˵칫ȷʵûùߺܿ´ơҶʦȷʵܵ˲ʵľٱλũͬ־ȥǱźȱɡ
δ칫ҵĺܿ˴ڮ֣ǡ绪˽˼ڹһ֣ɨ¥һܣҶͬ־ǸҦݹϵδ˼ڹһְ֣ͣһ´Ҷͬ־ǸҦһ¹ʡ
ũͬ־̵أ˿þõŰ칫ͬ־֡
ҦԭΪ˽½£뵽һçȻֱͱδ
Ŵ֪֪ͨͨһ˹ҽԺǱ߻ôǰôҦ껨˺ôȰԼ侲
ҶԭΪֻһͨͨŮˣû뵽⡣

˼ҡ
ǰѵصңּſֻݵҰЦ϶һĨɻ
ѵҶѾ˵ҰԼţ
ǰʰϵֻͳԿ״ţս㿴ϰɹɵɽ䣬νĿ˵ϻһֻŵļ
Ҷɽ伦Ģ轣Ӻ̨ȡһֻݼɱ
ɢһŨζζвһ˿
ŨŨϣŵĽ𹯰ϸ⣬ҶԼķҶ̻תţƵļطš
Ҷ˫һֻ룬һڳԶʳҪǻ̫áݣǰΪصּǰֲȱʳܼӡ
ǰﲻɵغЦһʵЩô£
Ҷһڼ˵͵ģղϹ˼ɲֻң˵˵ֻDD
Ļû˵㿴ǰﻹֻøɵֻࡣ
û뵽֮ǰǰѼſڣһDDҶɵҡͷܵ˴͵⡣
˵͸ɽ伦Ƶģɿڣʳġϣףܰһĵ
֮ǰ֧ϣͬҶ˵絾ȥһǳ̤̤ʵʵׯڣӿ϶ܳԱллʦˣ
ǰҪҪһ뼦Ҷʡ
Ҷǰʱ˳أȸǻ˶ʮּȻԼҶĵĸӡȻǰȴһ֣ˮ⻬ݹ
ҶЦеظҨһ輦ǰϱʢ˴ļĺ⡣
ǰһڼŨʴļһζݷд˿˿ζƻ˳Ҳġ
ǴϹĶ𣬺𡣡
ҶͷǱֳôõĲҶɽֳҲǺöЩɽǲֵǮ⼸ֻҰ̫˨DD
ҶŵϵֻԼ׬ļۣЩ͵Ҷȴ᲻óԡ˵ϹҲûм⣬ɱ˳̫˷ѡԼӺ̨Ἰַֻ۵ļ
ǰҶ뷨˵㲻ϲԼҪǲóԾͰ
ǰĻ˼·ֻȥ͸̡
̼ҶﱧŵֻĸĸȴӣȴëɫҲһЩ
ļϲüҡ
ҶЦ˵ֻ̰ϱԹֻͺˣĸԵúˣӪµʱԶټͳԶ١
סһ¥ԺԼΧ˼ۣƽʱ޼ô£۽ʱӲӵĹʵۿһƬϲ
ӦǰʳԵʱֽǰŹ͵ģڵ۸ǣȥҼֻ綼ѡ
⼸ֻúƯģʡ
Ҷ˳żë˹˵Ϲ͵ĨDD
ҶĻ䣬ԺھӴչ˵ҶʦѽǺģ
û뵽ʦ˽ôһ£ǻвҶ򼸽
ʱǶԲסˣ˭뵽龹ȻأʱԺЩ˵ö
Χĳ޲ڶҶƤȻǽñסˡ
ɤӣǫ˵ˣһС²ֵѡҲҪҾͺá
˸ھǵɴ۾ǾûЩϹĴж뺷
ǸԳӴӳǺ˲ӣ쵼ੲݣ߿شǴҼһ˶ٿȫ˿˶õҰƤ޶ǿʼһֱ˵ҶǴ˶ʳ
񲻸Ҷһ˵쵼ͱ°࣬Ťͷܰȫ˽һ
һʮ磬ѹѹվ칫ң֪ĻΪ˽˹ѡ˵壡


58 
ա
ҶδĴ, ؿԭŮ֡û뵽¾ȻһҦӰӡ
úõһ֪ʶӣ𾴵ҽȴְͣһ£Ҷ붼ʱӿ²ù
ͷǰ, ٩صҦͬ־е뷨
ǰĿҶϣ³һĻûе, ҪϹ롣
ڹǰǸڵ£ʱȻ˼һЩҵڣϾԶǰҦȥ֮ǰ, ǰֻһССĸ, ԶȲЩ׷Ҧˡ
ֻҦ֮Щ, ˱ñǰ, ⲻڹǰĿǷΧ֮ڡҶָ
Ҷȴһ¡ǰöÿ, ߸ߴľСվ, ÿ࿴һ鶼ܶࡣ
ֱѧʶ, ѧʶʲô鶼Ѹ, Ȼ˵, ȴȺġ
Ҷסů֣Це˵ûоͺãסԺԶһ㡣
ǰץסҶ֣һ

Ҷհĸ͸û죬⵽˵˳ι, ڶĿʱĸö۰ɫļ
, ͷȻСЩȴǻʵһöļ˺ܾ, ĸΪʱµһʺҪĲƸ׳ơƨС
ΪڼҲǷǳϡӪƷվʱʱϹмӦҲŲ϶ӡĸ˼ңһӵ˶Ƶĺǻ
ɽĴҲǴĿģҶĸ˭֪Ҷû
ѼҶû뵽ҶҡͷܾˡԼ԰ɣĸôµιúá
ﻹûļãԲꡣɵԺµĵˣҿ϶ȥּԣʱɱᡣ
˵ĻԾ;Ŭ˵˼ΣҶûҪˡ
Ҷ鷳æԡһƬůůġ
ЦеشӹȡһҶ
ҶչȻһŷ֤
ҶڲӸһ׷źܾˡǷסڲӵᣬڻܽͽͣԺ˺ĹסǱ߿ҲǿţҸʱɨɨסȥɡ
ʵбСӣǵǰݲ̫ţֻһʵĸǡ
ʵ̫ˣҶһ˴˵еʳ
ֻһСԺ
ò˵ҶǹסߣԺͲ¥ܶȹߣɶ¶㣬ŪóԵĶŪ̫š
ҶдŵһСӣƽסլȷʵҲرߵϾҶֱ꣬ջԴǵؾܾˡ
ҲҪ̫ˡҡҡͷЦе˵ǰҲҪҪллңԺҶԼˮ
ѵӲ㲻ҪԺҲðͰҪʱɱû
ʲôʱϲƣȺȣһ𶼿˲ڸҲ˵ȥʡ
ƷˣҶһֱûϲƣ񵥻ԽдԽ˭ôۣ
Ҷ٩װһ죬ϲûǹ֮ǰֻŴպϴպϹӣںǸûӰӵ¡˶ƿˣԶ۲ܽ棬ôкӣ
Ҷʯ֮ʲô
֮ǰҶΪǰھǣΪŮŤûнǰҶҦһøжûСѵԴϣ
ҶЦе˵ϲ²ҿǰ˼֮ǰ˲Ǹˡսпհϲƣ
ͷ˵Ҳǣ˶п˳ϲưҪǲӰϲưˣǱ߼ҾߵɶĴȱ⻹ȫ
Ҷ͵ķ鸴ӵػ˼ҡ
ϣҶ͵ķóǰǰɨһۣʡȥס𣿡
ҶͷģǱ߸һЩһСԺӣȥʰʰ
ǰҶãԼķӣ̡
ӵڶ뷭һᣬҳһŷݸ
ԭԼķӣҶ۾Ȼһ
ҶΪǰʵľ٣õôûԼķӣӵһСˣ
ԱҶϲüңǰɫ䵭˵֮ǰѷŹһڳ
·Ҷ˲ЩΡ֮ǰ·ȻҲûкúǰĲƲĶкܶ࣬ļдļ䣬ҶûȤҲ
ҺٶĶҶϵ˵
գǰҶȥ˿Ǹӡ
ҦһһϱӼС¥
Ž׵ĴʯϸϸؿŴƣССĶ¥ʵ⻬ĺľ¥Ʒʽ¥Сƽס
Ҷ뷿ӿ̫СûбȥССӱ𲿶׵ᣬȴһ
ǰ˵ҴûסҳܴҪסҴ뱨棬Ұʰٰ
ģϽ򱨸ɣҶ絷صͷ
ʰһﻹҪ죬ҶҼæһʰˡ
ҶߺһЩϵõͬ¹æʰӡ
ʦ˰죬һִǮ˵Сհû뵽û뵽DD
һֱΪǴũСƽʱչ겹̲סǣû뵽Ȼڳôõķӡ
㵭˵˵ôϻʲôѻꡣ
÷÷Թ˼ҵļҵжţⶰС¥֣ǼûҲ֮ǰԺȹ˼Ҽҵ׸ʵˡ
ҶӣЦеصˣȴɨóԵĸǳ
ǰѵصӵᣬƿû뵽ӱøɸɾֻεǵס
סŽȥӳµĵذ壬ÿһøɸɾն޵룬鼮ȥҳװܡ
Ҷڳæ극Ыӱ裬ϵһҪ˵ĳΧȹϴ㣬ˢɾëˮ̡
Сը̵ըһŨ
㡢⣬Ҷõ۹ĢƬ֮Уϰըţը˽һõĽϣһ㱡ˮۡ
ﴫҪζʳ㹻ƶʱǱƷ衣
ǰҶΪʲôҪǸھԺĵĿͰھӱʳˡ
ʹ˴ĺʦͶð⣬̲סӳͷ
վڳſǸ٣ӱͦð˿˿ʦٲҪҲҴҶ
÷÷ЦŽ˵λʦɷǰӦüѧУӹҶΡ
εظǰܡҶͬ£ǽĵĴʦǽѧʦǸ½ʦʦʦ
ǰջߣҶͬһ֣ǰչҶ
ʦչǣʦؿһ
ʦ㣬ѧУչͬ¡㺬ص
һСʱǰҶһȥٰڳʱ˱ǣ˴Ρ
ΪԷ˶࣬Ҷ׼ĶҲ٣ĽƱʳȡ㡢С㡢һ廨⡢һ󳦡ǶʲôֵǮĶʳֻҪǿⶼϡ
Ҷ㣬ζرá
ʦɻʱﻹੲݣȵԷʱֻʣ̷һҲûС
ÿֵܷ飬ܹԸˣÿ˶ѼӲĹͷٽֱ˱ɾζ³СԽȥͷ³Ըɾ
һСʱŴ㣬Ƥ·Ϻõļеԣζɿڣˬʴ
Сըۣͽѩ׵⣬һ磬ǹɾö
һըˣŴɿڣ߹ŵ⸻н廨ɵĢִʣˡ
ҶղƣƱǮָߵƣÿ˳Աһζ೤ˣ˶뿪Ҷˡ


59 
ʦһٱķ, 뿪֮ǰ̾ض㡰˵զû뵽ȫ˶ϸСոɻأһѺ֣ʰһҳմҸ˵, ãʺϰġ
Ҷ̲סͷЦ, ƽʱôûֺʦôȡ
ȥֽһ㣬ʦ˵ˣϧ, һ㹻졣
ʦʱû, Ҳǰڴﴧ
Ҷһ˵֮ǰǰ޶Ūɫ, Ҳûл, ҺúóԱ
ͺ÷÷˵Ӧõġ
û, Ҳռʱ䡣
ʦ뿪֮ǰ˼Ʊ, ֮ǰҶٷǰ㴧˰һƱ, ˭Ҳû뵽ȻԣƱ̫ռ˼ұˡô, ƱҲá
ʦֻЩúƱƱҶ֮ŷϷŵĻ̵ĸɫƱ, мƱݵʱ۾
ǹƱ龫ƱвƱ
Ҷֱȡʳ龫๤ҵӹƷȴû취Ū, ÿζȥлܶǮȥһ
Ҷ̫ϲ龫ණ, ÿȥܵöҺüšƱҲҶȱĶ͹ǰ˵ĲƱֻ·ǰ·͹, ·ƱȫҶԼá
գҶϲ̵Ʊ龫߲߳ĲҲ÷˼һģһ·ͷϵɫʽܵһģһĿ˳ۡ
ƽʱشҲҶ˲ѡ
ҶӰٻ̵뿪ԼòŵƱݣƱͨƱòϣƱ
Ʊȥ֮⣬ƱˣƱܻӭҶõһȺĴʮ뿪С
شӺ뿪ż˺ܾû˨DDŮʿ
Ҷѹñӣ뿪С
ֻŮʿСʡ壬ûʳ𣿡
ϸһҪУҶҪ
Ʊ´嶯һͣ٣ö˵ǮһˣʮһҲûСϸȱֲǲ֪
Ҷ˫ȶʱ᲻ճڵƵġ
ֿкܶסۣ׻һƬôԶԲꡣ
ҶûʲôͶѡУʳͶѣ̧ۡʳ츣ա
ǰûʳΪҶΪԼʳԴӸҶе֮Ҷʳ˸ࡣʳһ࣬óһЩԼҪĶ
Ҫ֪Լֻ·þûк龫ˣΪԼ£Ϊ̫ˣ
ҶȵһƬӶͳһ֧ʣдһСֽŷŮʿעʱСֽ
Ůʿصңϴ֮ǰͿڴע⵽Сֽ
ֻֽŤŤдһлĴӵģ賿㣬ϵطʮʴףÿ顣Ǯϵطשѹʵû١
ĴӣŮʿֽϲ̧ͷ
ϴʮʳˣˣ
Ǯһʴףгۻһ룬Ůʿֽֽÿһֺ󣬰Ͷ˻¯ջ١
ѸٴչʮŴʮĵصȵ룬鼤ܵһν׵ĵص㡣
ѸٵΧһˣͷһϹȻм鲻۵ש֪϶Ĵ˿ֽذǮѹשͷ£˲ͷĺٵ뿪ӡ
Ҷ뿪שʮŴʮ
賿ʳ賿ڼԺ˯벻ŰҹʳһԺ촩ˣҶҲԱ
賿㣬ŮʿȻԼõӣҹһ˲ɷͬ
ʢģ賿ʱ¶Ҳͦ͵ġӿһˣãŮʿɷɵɵզôɵǮȫ˼ңǮͷզ죿
ŮʿֵͲϵտ˵ƭ˵ģòʮף˵ܾܾ
զԼԷʱ򣬳Եö㣿˼ж۲
һһĴףϵĺã۸ȴϵıһ룬ܲĶ
Լȷʵܾջ󣬴̫ˣײ̫ˣų˼ܲˡοԭʳӣ
Ůʿ˿ֱѾ賿ˣʳȴûг֣ʱţ궯ԽԽ
˵ǲǼڣҳҪǰ۾ϣŮʿһ˵
ؿϱһۣȻ۾
˵ҰѴֱƤӵ£᲻ŵֻԱ廨⡱˵
Ļ׷ը͡ԱߵˮɣǿǡףǱ۾ˣӿӣ
Ȼ÷˿æɻٱ
һʮĴֱķ˿£Ȼسһ˵ˮ
ãͷŮʿ۾˵۾Ҳˣ˻û
Ļ䣬תͷܣȻȱ˿ڵķˮ׶һĹĵĶŮʿͳӣ׻ĵĴй˼
Ůʿ۵ظϽѵϵÿһ׼Це˵ôûƭɣ
˰ΣŮʿֹ˵ǽŲҲ̫Сˣղɶû
͸Ƶģû㶯ʶ֮˸£쬵ӷ紵ֺµġ
Ůʿֹ߸˵ذѴ׷ŵɷϣߴ˵ɵˣɵţױؼҡ˶˿Ͳˡ
Ůʿɷôоȴȵġ
أ´ҼǵŪһ㶯֡廨⡱˵
һߣҶȫȫ¼ҵĴִԭǸӲľ壬˯ѹ˻ۡ˯𡢳ʵ
Ҷ˸˹ǰĻǰȻסζڱǼ⡣ҶѾԭݹ᾵ģˣʱˮˮŹ廨⼦ţ˱֮ǰ˶ʮ
ڵݵĵطݣֵĵط֣ϡ
һ侲ȥϴ˸ˮ衣

գҶ򿪺̨Ѿ˳ؽʳŶʮųƱоˡԺԼַƱ
Ϊ˱ⲻҪ鷳ҶѴӺ׬ǮȫԼĺֿ̨⡣
ʳ׬һٿ飬ϴ׬һ275ԪǮ㹻һгһԾΪ۵ĶȻҶʱôߵ÷÷ڿȥѧУгִ̫ˣһ򻹲ࡣ
ҶʮǮˮȥѧУ
Ҷ1ʱ򣬺Ƕļˣѩ˵ʦǰˣﻹǵǣ
Ҷ˻Ĵӣϰÿ˰ɣʦǹ죬ÿ˶зݡ
ҶǹֻбɡӡƻֿζܼªǸںǵѾĶˡ
ͷζˣοϡˮǣ
Ҷ˵ҪǣͲסطڿˮ
𣿡ѧ𾪣š
ǺܹܹģʦԼ԰ɡ
Ҷͷطǹԣÿ˶СûϵʦҲкܶǣÿһšҪúѧϰŬԡ
ССһǣװûУҶôª
Ȼںǵȴʯ׵ıǡƵƻǡȵǣԲģӲӲģζҷˣŽǻˣ̵ζ
ö˲ð˷ѵ˼±ս˶Ժԡ
ʮĺѾСˣؾͿʼıҵҪʲôûм˰ǵɺӣֻʦǵӡ
ǮСɳǳԵÿҪᣬôһγԵ߼ˮӲǡԭǹζôá
ʦһúѧϰϣĬĬ˵


60 
ҵĿѧͣ, Ҷöѧ̸Ҫȥĸӹϰʱ䳤˹ڳƣ˺׷, ҶҲ⡣
Ҷ뿿ǹģǵ, ޶úŬѧϰû뵽շǹ༦һǰС˵
ȫʦҺúõѧϰʦóԣ
ʦ, ҿ϶ͨҵԣҼҲȥˣ
һúŬ, ʦʧ
Ҷһżᶨ, ЩƵ۾ӿϣ
Ҳӿϣ, Ⱥ޶Ŭһջ۵˶, ҶҲջ񵽳ʳһƬȡ
ʳԶӶ࣡
ν֮Ҷ, ѧǷӵſαش⡣
ѩŴⱻͬѧӵŵʦ, ӷһƾɵȡһֻӺõĸӣҧ
ܶͬѧױӡӳԡ׺Ͱʳܺó, ĽȻֲڡ, ʤڱֱѩÿ춼Ѿϰˡ
ѩֻӣ̧ͷǮСƵߡ
ǮСɺʿˮʲôʿˮģѩԵĸǴſһĥģԲעͻǮСɹģ, ҾԼҪѡ
ѩݳʣµı, Ҳ𣬸
ǮСҡͷ, αŵ˵ûҾʰ೤һ⣡㣬ᡣ
ѧ
Ҷ깤׼°ؼң칫⣬ҶѲƬ̣һʱ䲻޶Щ۾Ե󣬿ɰֿ
ѩҶ㱨жھȻʦĻúѧϰûʱ޶ˡСɵ࣬ϸɣʵݡʦĿά޷ѣëͱ֤㶨ˡ
ǮСЦЦ
ҶǽϺʰ׼ؼҡ
ѩǮСɸҶһ߳УţѩҶֵʦһؼ
ҶǮСɵļ붣ȥɣעⰲȫ
ֻһ£ǮСɾ͸ߵľżƵεҶǰ
ҶһϽסǮСɡʮĺ뻳ƮƮģûһأҶһѾܰ
ǮСۣѸվʦû£ҾվеΡ
ҶȷȷʵûºһֻŮɫ԰ףԵӪղǶԵݿˡ
Ҷ˴Լİ칫ңӰȡһֻİͷˮһ龫ݸǮСɣ԰ɣٻؼҡ
ǮСԹôʳӶҽӹζ龫ְİͷǼҹ궼Բϵİͷ龫붼ߵӪƷ
ҧһͷôɡô˿˿ģζþõʳ
ûиúóԷ𣿡Ҷʡ
ǮСɵͷǼҺӶ࣬ʳԡ
Ҷ뵽ǮСɼҵ£ʱˣûаǮĸɣ
ʦ㼸Ʊȥʳ򵽵ʳȥѩңÿٷԡ
ǮСʱ˼ƱƱжôһ֪ġ
ǮСɳͷʱûͷ̧ˣҵЬϡ
ҲҪʦƱԼǮҿȥʳܾҶƱ
Ҷü⺢ǻûܹ۵Ķ
һɤ֮Դǵص̫ˣ֪еʳ۸Ƕ𣿺һǮһһ壬ϸ鶼򲻵׬ʳǮ
ѹЦеصʦзӣѧȥط˷ǮһëǮһϸһ飬ҪƱطѩְһȥҪˡ
Ҷָдһ
ʵǮСѾʳļ۸ʡԼ򼸽ʡųԡһһĥɷʮﹻһ¡۸ڵ˫Ȼŷ
ǿĹǿҵҶûۿ
ĸҲǰ˷ǮһëǮһҪƱһнƱںһǮ򲻵ʳĳɱߵͨĪ
ҶЦұʳƱۣû㣬ֻи㣡
ǮСɺҶһлٵسͷ龫ӱĻܵѩңѩָһȥСӡ
壬ȥʳԼ᲻Ұɣ
ǮССӺͳеǮһëƱשͷѹס
ʮʮ档
ѩɻ󣬾ǮС⺢²ǶˣѾˡǮôõôණ
ûƱ˵ˣһ׶򲻵еõʳ˼ҺһǮһ
ѩ뵽ǮСɵſĿ⿴ȥӸٷԡ
ǮСȥҲ֪ҴͶͦصģڵү̫ҳѩ˳ӡ
˰СʱӣֻβһĹĵĶľ㵺ϲֱ޷ƣһĶ
ѩֿһŴһʳ㡣ţڽ͵ʡ桢ʳˣ
һۣĵعʳ䣬һһСȻͣ˰ġ
ѩָϽˣæʳ˼
ѩ迴ɷǮС˱һʳǿȵüֱҪƵġԴּ֮󣬴ûôʳ
ǮСһǮʳҰʳǣܹµķ𣿡
ʮȷʵһĺӳˣοܱ۸Ҳܹ󣬿ǮСһ˳ԣ´´ࡣҷʵͽˣҲ̰ǮСʳ
ѩЦе˵ܣզܣ
ֽذʳȡһӸڳһ׻Ͱ壬ֽõģһСֽдһ仰ǳԡ
һˣǮСɿ׻Ͱ֮Ӷˡ
ǶĵˣŻһ׻Ͱ壿Ͱһ
νͰǺ֬͡Ͱ廨⻹ҪϡͷʳȱҶﶼȱˮûͳһ嶼ûţɻûо
ҶŵģͰﲻֵǮһ廨ԶһͰ壬ֶһȥǮСѧΪڷܿ̿࣬δǱޣֵúúóԱ
ֱĵĻһըѩϣСɺúóԷ쳤󣡡
ʦůأҵ᲻ֵǮ
϶ƭҵĴͣɿַԽԽˡأһҪŴ͡ûҶ500g廨⡣
¸Ҷ1kgˡ
ŬѧϰҶ200g㡣
ҼΧһ𣬴εؿѩ͡ˮһ嵭ģͣѩ費ӵװŹµĻԽԽѩ׵ķ⽥ͻر˳ֱԽԽ࣬⽥СƯϡ
͵ĹУ˵ζƮ𣬹˲ס̿ˮѩòϱһΣָӳԡ
֣ըôģһٺóԲζǮСҧһڣҸ۾
ѩһ£ĵصóԺóԣóԣллСɣ


61 ΢ޣ

, ҶֱǮСȡʳľ˿մ㷢˺̨Ĵͣû뵽ֱķ˿ͦĳ, һҲ𣬷ز
ò˵, һᡣ
ĩ
ҶŹǰȥӺ̨ȡǷݴ͵Ľǹ㡣
Ҷ̵ȡݳ޵Ľǹ㣬ȡĽǹ˿˿⣬ʵ÷·ɱһ㡣ȥȺxʻʡ
Ҷȥ̵Ĺ԰ժ˼ֻûʡ
߶˵ʳֻҪص⿷ʽõѽǹгһűƬ, , Ͻ֭ýϡ
ҶÿӼһƬǹ, Ƭŷ, մŽϳ, ʵĽǹζ, ˬڣݼ㡣
ǹζ, ⴫ζ٣Ϥζһ, ·ζը˻Ƶġ
򵥵ƬǹקǸ١ִᡣҶ۷·ܸܵԼڵƹ貵ĸ߼, ͡
Աߵartnerੲݵ²ҵںڣͨѶͷժУɼ۱
һ˲Ҷֻص˼ص1960
÷÷ҶҵûأƮƮ˽ȥ, Ҷɶ, ôԣ
ҶﻹƬûĽǹ㣬ɫƬ۶֭, ϸչҫԷ⣬·ĨһƵġ
ֱӦóֵʳλεطں÷÷Ƥӵ£Ȼ÷÷ô߼ʳġ
Ҷǲ̫ˣ緹𣿡
ҶЦЦûУĩ˯ҪҪһƬյ㣬رʡ
ҶһŪһ׼÷÷˵ûǹ㣬ǴͳûԹ
÷÷ͷһƬ⻬ۣûôͻƵģȶҪۡҶȤó𣬺÷÷⣬ҡҡͷȻصͷ
Ͼǿ⣬÷÷еۣóǺóԣǲ̫ϰ߳⡣զٳԣûûζġ
ҶһǹŷţպŽϳȥ
÷÷緹¡°ûһߣһ£벻Ծһᡣ
°½˼Զҷ⼸ѧ϶˲ʣһȥˡ˵ֱ͡йϵ
Ҷɫ˱䣬Ӧ˵µġ
½˼ԶܣҶѾϰˡƽʱúǰʿһ𡣼ϱҶΣѾ˺ܶࡣοδֱܻ͡йϵ
Ҷ˵ȥ任·Ҵҵץ˰Կ׾ͳˡ
÷÷ټҶŵ׷Ҷ˵ϳȥ
ҶҴҵǼңǵĸף裬ǳǵʦڼ𣿡
ĸǸŮˣҶ˵Сû˵ȥѼҹҹʦôˣ
û£ȻûǾˣҷšԼɣҶ˵ת뿪
Զ֮󣬺÷÷С˵ЩѧܣѾϰˣҶܲģǸˣԼ⣬֪Լʲô
ô÷÷һֱҶΪʲôǰѧѧôġ
Ҷ˵û£ܹܶҲɶҪܵù˼ѧҲй⡣
ѧ÷÷ۡ˳һбҵܲˣ
ҶҲùЩˣ˭Ҷʳĸ
⼸˻ǻЩҲϡദˣҶҲ˸顣ظǲôõĿΣﳤֻʣ󼸲̱ƻԼѪ
Ⱥѧȫү
Ҷزŵ½˼ԶǼ˳ȥĸ
ѾŴˣƽʱһɨصĴүնһ£û˻طˡ֮ϴүɴĴɨûˡҶһûѾ˺Ļҳ
ҶȻҫ۵
ʮȻ˹ҶһȦȻָףһҶӼèƵģϽصһߣ͵͵ŵķŲ
½˼ԶϹҵĲʱǻ࣬һĺȫزס}˵ġ
Ҷظ̾Ӵˣǿͣ֡˵˵ô£
ֵͷװûǶŶ
Ҷ˫ֱ磬˵ҾˣԺҲٹǡ
תͷȥ½˼ԶԶһЩѾ죬ܶѧøбҵ֤㲻ѧϰ£˺һ
ͷܲζ䶯Ƭ̣Ҫ˵ʲôȴ½˼Զһסȫ̽˶
½˼ԶҶһ
ҶŤͷѹ˵ʦ½ˣǲѧϰҲûдͷܣ
½˼Զһƨɣв˵һ֣
Ǳߵᶼˣ˺ܾõƨɲŻ
ʦ㣬½вͨģ
Ҷɵؿ½˼Զʲôĵط
˭û½˼Զ磬˵½˼Զ̱ĸ˺öǮ¡ҶҪŮˣԼ¶Ἰˡ᲻ʲôԣ
ǿʳķϣҶǲΣյ򽻵ġ
ǰҶ˳ȥŭ˵Ǹڸʦ˵𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ
˵ʦܸ˵
ҶӡܿǸ߰ȵDDǸڸ߼ҲֺеС塣һҡײƭֱʦס
ǹȻǰѧУֱ˽ѵһٲʵֱǷʵ
ھƹݺȴˣڳ˵ʦҶ׬Ǯ˵Щ֪ԼëǮһĲҶ˼תּǮ˳ȥҲҪҶ
ëûҿԼ׬ǮǼȥϹ壬ЩĲǸ˶̲ˣһ٣
Ҷšüͷȥеϵ
ı黺˺ܶ࣬˸ôһȷʵǣԲס
Ǿһᣬʵ½ͦõġǰѧУʵпԵġʱȰúѧϰ׼ѧҲӦˡ½ܴģһü
һ˵½˼ԶĺûЩ̫Ծ
ߵߵӣɤʡȻ󣿡
˫ֺʮ˵Ȼ½ܣһڸˣڸ¡ͶѵǮȫڸġ
ڸѾȥҽԺˣ˵Ҫץ½ȥΡ½ʮ꣬Ҫǽ˾ⱲӾͻˡ
ҧгݵ˵ҪǴǾˣؿ˿ƤҪȥҽԺˡʦǵʦǲǺ֣ܵ½ˣ
ҶüǺЦΣʦʶˡ
̵ô࣬Ǹ½˼Զ顣½˼ԶǸţ
ҶЦЦ˵û£šû˴ˣСһ׮ҽԺʶˣҰȥ˵˵
û˿ǽŵ˵ڸĺܶģʦҪС
ʮоڸıݣɹʲô£ж鷳ʡرǳСۡȫǳ½ģʦô£
ҶĴָ˵Լ̫ѨȻӡ
ǽǵѧ꣬㷭˸ۡ½˼ԶֱӺһ
Ҷ˵ϵشӰͳһֽ৵д˼֡
ЦеطַֽǷַȥһظǩ
ǽӹֽ֮ǰһڡ
ֻҶֽдε鷳ֵȫҪʱУϿΣһڿζ£½˼ԶʳԶʣҵùһӡ
Ƕֽϵ֣Ѿ֪˵Щʲô
ʦǲ̫ϾЩ㻹ǵʦ𣿡
ҶЦЦ˵ǼС£˵ǹغԲԵñĴ¡Ͼʳԣ
Ǻŵ΢Ц˵ҷô󾢰ǰƽ£ѵרµģǿֺ𣿡
һǩˣúѧϰϴѧҳǩϾȥ˽¡
Ҷ򿪺̨˿˶ʮ︻ǿۡԽǹʱ⿴һۣǵòֿʳж١ŶãȻ˶ʮ︻ǿۡ
Ⱥ˼ֱˣǾҶĽ²ˣֳָȡ֮֮ߡ
ֻҶûΪʲôǽ²ˣѩǮСЩҶõôǱɺѧǣƫƫȺǽ²ˡ
̫ƽˡ
ϤҶʱ²֪˿񶼷ֱˣһ
Ҷüͷشǣ㣬ǩֶѣԥԥǲˣǩҿˣ
ѧϰ˱ѽϢģ


62 

ȴ˵һ, ҡ
˴׷װĴףŴ, ûƵġ
׸ϣǹɷζ˿˿ƴӴƮ, ֱֹ˭ҷô㡣
ŮʿЦظÿʢ֮һףһĵعϣһֻͷ, Ϊ, ʳ׼ֱ, ȫ˳˾ϸ
ִϸ, ȹϵ׻㡢á׺ֱι, ŮʿҲΪӪ϶ˡ
ԡĴӡĸмﵽ˼, ЩˣٶٳԲ˵ǿһ, С̵ˣǷڵλϰ࣬ɵл, Ͷÿõһʳ
ȥĹһﾫϸ, ѲƤһšô㣬һʮ
˵ͶȷʵǺ£˼һûҪۡǮȺеĵͣǵĴֺóԣŮʿ͹޲ͳ, һڸٽס
ǰֻĽ˵ķ, һϸ˭ҲĽǴ, ⼸øƵġ
һ׳ɹ󣬷ÿ°඼ҪȥӳһۡǮѹש£ϧҲûϵڱĺ¡ʳûԹ⣬ǵҲ
ӡǻף´զǸӵϵмֵҺüΣҲס
ǸʵˣԼԱҲῴΧֵǸΪһ㾫ϸʾ֭ʹԼԱůҲ
Ůʿݺݵ̭ɷһ飬ûô׵й¶ȥɣ
ҡҡͷôй¶ǲ˼𣿡
Ůʿ˿ѹ˵Ҳ֪զȺũϵ˼ҽúܣֻңҲõʳҪȥҲ̫ڵּģ˼Ҳûôʳ
ͷãǿʳ϶ȱǮǲȱǮȱʳû
ĩ
ŮʿϵطߵӾͷʮŴʮש¡
ҶǻӸߵſڣ׬Ķʮ׻ûȣյ˿ϢDDŮʿɷˣ
ҶϵشӰͳֽ৵д˼лдǶʮ
⣬ײʳֲѣʳȥһ̶Ҳǻ˼ĵѹ
ŮʿٹսӵʱطשͷѹŵǮˣ
賿㣬ɷ³ʳȻֱһʳֻһΣʳֻжʮڴ﷭˰Ŵʮһֽ
ֻֽŤŤдšϣǲҪʳ߼תǷΪԺ󲻻ǵ⡣ա
ֽЩЦá
õʳллأлˣôܻתȥ׬Ǯ˵ҲǮָǮˡ
ȻǮҲǱͷ˲̫֮⣬гϢ
ϾҪʳһθʱ̫̣ЩũתͷʳҲпԭ
˼ҵĴǾϸϵףʮҲ򡣵˼ֻ飬˵ЩũܵؼûָͶǮֽǵĺøиһ㡣
еߵ̤ʵ
Ⱥũᣬֽأ֣صдһֽҹŰѹשͷ¡Ϊ˱⣬ִͳ˼Ʊȯשͷѹʵˡ
ãҶյֽֽмپĸֱֱ֣󷽣ȫҶΪ˱ӹд֡
ֻдšǸˡطģǲˡЩʳǴģллǣԺõϵĵطкҡϣԺܼǵʳ
ֽ֮⣬ҶջһƱȯʮнƱƱƱƱĲƱһʮгߣ㹻Ҷһ·ƱȯҶ˵ȷʵá
Ǯֿ׵ĿҲҶȱٵġ
Ҷֽӽ˲ֿ鲻ҪײҪԺ˵ó
Լʳ׬ǮΪֹһ295ԪǮʱܹܶණֱгһ׷ӡ
Ҷüٿ黹̫ˡ̫ˣ
۷ʳֻ׬Ǯ̫ԲԼĽָˡ
ҶԼ˼ʮͼʳǮСɣ̫˲ûзƣ
Ҷͳ˱ʣػع˹ȥļ£ܽ˼ʳķ1Խ²ǺһЩ2˽⣬и׬ȡʳ
ʳͶӰ죨ֵҶһʺš
Ҷس˶緹󣬳ȥǰ⡣

ҡʮȳСݣǸģǸģ硢硣
ïգïסǿɱˡ
ŮʿͷǶŮֵֻܶ࣬зһеóԵŷ
ĩȥԼӡ
õϵ׵ʱ򣬾ϲ۾һģ㣡п򲻵ôõף
˶ףϡСࡣ
ŮʿԼ˵ʵֻ˵Ǵģ࣬Щԡ
ʮŴʮý㡣ôܼӵмҪǷڱ˼ңҪֵüɹһٿ㹻һĽˡ
ɽ㣬Ҫ´ֺĵ磬ɵð򼸽
һҳֹ·ӵʳġҪҡ
·ӵˣ˭Ůʿеʡ
ѵЩũ񻹰ʳ˱ˣ
˵ȻûЩ㣬ܼ˼ף˳ԷĽòˡ
˭ŮʿʡѵȺũ񻹰ʳ˱ˣ
С˵˭ҦꡣоϸԣôʳҪǴӺҶš򼸽Ը⡣
Ůʿ˵˼ģܺԼ̽ôࡣ
ҡҡͷûۼҦĸг̶ȡ
һηҦӽʱЬϡĿմ˼жȱۣẒ̇ʳ
Ҧ϶кܶʳ
˵úúãҲܣֻҲ졣̽̽ڷúһҲ͸¶ˣҲûָʳҲоϸˡ
ȵ§סý㣬ллʳ
ҦȷʵкܶʳҲڡʳΪǮﻻ
ЩʳǰżĻûصʱµģʱ˺ܶࡣʳһҪ룬ƽʱײóô
ҦҪЩʳܵһ֮ڴļֵĲһֱȥѾȥһ룬ҦѾһЩӲͨӣһƲԣԼʱȫӵ⡣
ǶôɵĵطˮƽȹڷҲܼҡ֮»̫ˡҦ굱رڣ˺ûкúץסǰżҲûиһ⡣
еԶƬϵжôСƣǵĿƼжôжôݡٸһλᣬһط


63 

ͱһû, ͷѶһ´ʱڣҦ뵽˴ƽ, ƽӲͨ
Ҫһƽһ£ڻƽļ۸񲻹, Ҧӵʳһƽ
ǿҪݵģܳҦϲԴס
ӵؽȡ︻ǿ, ȥһŮͬѧ
Ůͬѧֽ, Ҳǲĳȡġ˳ʮ, ˵Сʲ׼Ϣ, Ҿס
, ллĸǿۣȸ˵ؽӹǿ, Ȼ۲ʲôֵǮĶ̫ѹˡϡΪ, ҪŪ㸻ǿۻ治һɵ¡
ѾܾûгԹʳˣȡһݸҦꡣ
һС, ͷȻ, ܶȴССһһء
ҦպûƽǷ𵭵ЦݣҪԺҾϸԣԺ˵
ȵ˵Ȼ, ϶ͬѧ
ȻҦռƽľٶЩ, 뵽˼ҵã׷ס
ȵļҾ, һϲղؽǽӾղ˺ü䡣ȻϡҲûʳ
硢ֺİͷʵ̫˻ˣ
Ҧ֮ȵ֪һۣ̭̣ӡ
ȿǻûʶǰ죬һ׷ӻһµʳ
ĳ˵ɵӣӲмֵĶʲôҵʱֵǮߵĶ㲻֪ǰǻᣬֽһʮ֣ɶһֱܻ
Цزһ죬裬òŪһ㾫ϸͼˣӻͻˡ۽͸߸˳ʱڣ⴦
˵ʵƫŮģϡϡϸҲˣһӻһܻﾫϸϹŶˣִʱֶôѡ
̳һԵ泩˲üƽϽӵ¡
ȫ˳󣬰뵽ˮϴ˵ر죬һһѹţҸͺöˣ
˲Ǳˣǹ
ϵʵĴӲذ¶顢Ө͸סһ˾ȵؿףʮء
ʵ÷·ոһ㣬ûսŵһɹӳ㡣ģӨ֪ɴ׷öóԡ
̫̫˵ǲɣǸճԱýӻġͦģҪ𣿡
ŵ٩︻ǿۻһӣҪǸƽʱüҲ͹ȥˣϾϸȷʵŪõ
ܵԪһľϸ̫ü˵ýӻʳ㣬Ժɵˡ
ƽʱ󷽵ľ˾˾Ȼ޳ˣȾȵصۡ
̫̫ʱ򣬹ѹ̫̫˵ţܸ㵽ϸҲһ¸ʮʳ㣬Ը֪ͺã͸㣬˵
̫̫˺Ǹˣ˫շź⣬Ǽô¡
ɱýӻʳʵڶˣ
ǺһȺũʳһʵˣø˼Һôùϵ֪𣿡
Ͻѹ׵Ķһ̵ƱȯЩƱݶλģò꣬Ҳûɶãȥ顣
ţ뵽ģһˣͷЦá
ĸǲ֪жСĶԴϴιƱ͸˼ʮнƱȯƱǹƱƱûٸĲۣȯžֵͦǮġ
Ӧúϵɣ
̫̫˶ʮŴʮ´˼ңʳܹ𣿹ܹͶ㣬ôС㡣
ȵľ仰ڹץͶץýЩүҲͦ±ץġ̫̫ţ˼ҺôܰȫһЩ
ͷǮ

Ժ
Ҷյ˹빺ʳСֽСֳֽϲ
ϲ׬ǮĻˣǮȴû
ŮʿСֽҶܲܶʳǻҪʮʳ
ҶȻǡθڲСλͻʿͻرƽ⡣ϴʮƱʮҶÿܴѧУ쵽ʮнƱƱȥԴֵ࣬ȥƱˡ
Ҷװȥһ˺УƱͼ۴˳ȥ
үſھһǮëǮһнյѾ͹ˣʮӣҶʮƱѾˡ
ҶֻأһŵȯȯֵǳߣΪÿ귢ŵгϵĵȯָģһÿֻиҪŪȯһҲס
ӵĸͦߵģǰҪдõȯ
Ҷˬ˵ȯ׬ʮ顣ǲִ֮ģؼʮҲǲܡ
ڹ͵ĵȯǹȯƱЩҶŸԼˣЩƷȯƾѧУǵ㣬ҶԸ졣
Ҷ޻ױݣﴧһڵĳƱ106ëǰʳµǮһ4018ë
С׳󣬵ҶԺһܵһСɽ
ҪʮʳҶһ׶ûСƱһȦصԺӼһɡһвҶȥݷϴڴʶѣһʡȽҽ
֮ǰҶҶʱҲЩѸһҶҽӹҶ͵Ķһһ˵̫ˣҶ಻˼
һֽ֮һɵĽζӭӳһ±õɡ
ɫ󽴺ڣ͹⣬ζ֮
ҶЦе˵Ҳǣҽæ
иѧܲ£ĵȴǺõġǵһϵˣԷǳխǵøСӹȥȥҽԺα˲ҪåŤɳ
һⲻǻ˺ӵһ㣬ʲôӿԳܸ棿
ҽҶһ˼Ƭ˵ҽʶ΢ȵȣҸһЩõϵĶ

һСʱҶһնԷ֣뿪ѵļҡ
ҶһҽԺֱȥҽԺ°칫ҡ
ŵݸ˰칫ĸ£ЦеصҽԺҽ˽¸ԼӪѲ˵ӪۡƶͷΪУתӪҩ첡Σش󣬷ӳǿദ𣿡
İ칫Ҹ¿ţĵؿ˼ۣϻû꣬˵ͬ־ɲҪ˵ߵҽǾҵĺͬ־
ʱڿ˿۵ʳʲô˵ЩʳҲԼǮ򡣿°ϱϾÿҽԺ˳϶Ҫҽɵץٲ˿һ²һ¡
Ҷ۲Ƭ̣ͳһʮнƱԷΪּһţһŵصȥֱӵš
ҶЦеʡ𣿡
ҲҽԺĲˣƱҲǮֻͼ㡣ҪǲҪȥΡβȥԺܼܽ°ɣ
ʮƱһͶ˲ܵĴ
̿ˮȻסƱš
ͬ־ģҽϸ£
ҽץСҲԩµҽɲ¡ʮƱʵŵʳ
Ҷڰ칫ҺȲ裬ӰͳһζؿСʱ²ͷźһݸŹµļ
Це˵ͬ־İɣҽԺ쵼Ѿڿˣʵܹ
Ҷ飬ͷллݶʱðɣٰ㡣
ĸ˼Ƭ̣ܿͷԣܰʱͿԣøϵʽ
Ҷһϵʽ

ҽԺҶȥ½˼Զĩ½˼Զĸĸڼҡӳô£Ʋҵ
Լֵڰοǣû£尢̣½϶ûµġҪûдڸ
һ˵ڸﻹҽԺװûôһ¡
Ҳôţû˴ˡ
ڸ½ͬһҹְ½ǳǸȻʮ꣬ǹˮݡ
Ϧɽĵƻûп
½ںڰĬ䶯꣬ˣҴӦ
½ĸɫͨ죬УԵ⳧Ĺ𣿡
ҶʱţЦе˵½˼ԶʦҶʱûǰɣ
һļӸǣõֳסڸǱѾרŵҽ°飬һмҵġ
ѸٵزţƤļװżݱĹģҽڼ˽¿ӪŲҽԺʣܺôα첡󣬸ְֵͣ飬蹫
ǵĺȻˣ½˼Զĸӹļضһһ飬Ǹڸβҽ
̶һһ˵ҽԺûȫ˵ˡеĹϵҲһ飬һͷûСû뵽ʦȴһԵؽ£
½½ĸԾؿҶ½ʡҽԺᱻ𣿡
Ҷͷģƾʵݡ
½ĸȦ΢΢죬ʦǲ֪ôлźã㣡û㣬ǼҲ֪ʲôʦԶٷ˼Զĸͷ
ҶҡҡͷЦеص֮ͣ
ǳ׷Ҷ˴Ĵָ޵ʦ
Ҷ΢΢Ц
һĬС˷ܵ˵ȥ½磬ˣѧУϿΣ
һСֱܼʦãұ֤ⱲӶúѧϰϣ
Ҷ΢΢Цǵþͺãҵȫˡ
ظ٩ҲңɶҲ˭ֳһӣ


64 
Ҷļ½ҵĸĸ, ˵ڿȥ½˼Զס½ְ½裬ҽҸ⼸Ӳΰɣ
½ĸп˵ʲôⲻ, ʦһʦҪ˼Զܸúѧϰͺˣ
Ҷ˵½ҵ, һ߰ˣ룬ҪεǼˡ
Ҫʳˡ
ͳһ⣬Цеѧ˵˵Ļȫסˡ粻, ҴŸдϰ, дٻؼҰɡ
Ҷһŵطָѧ, д꽻ҡȻǵԾ, úд, ͵͵顣
ǲŵԾ, 𾪵ؿҶħ
һСȫûϵȻҪ⣬סˡǾʧؿҶ, ûпЦ
Ҷ˵ûǿЦ, ⶼʲôʱ˻͵ܾһеıҵ, Ƕܱ֤Լõҵ֤ˣ
һſдԾ
ǰСʱдԾдҶѾھ죬Χһ̸Цò⡣
ǾҶʦ治ǴڸŮ֮, һԾĹ, ͸½˼ԶҸŻˣ̫ˣ
½˼ԶļҲԶѩңͳ˵ĺӶȥһ顣Ҷ⸽ҷö֪˶ٴˡ
ѩԼŮ, еظҶ˼ҳҶҲǵĿе֪һЩڸ¡
ڸԭǲשĻƣǰͳγͳĸΪԲթֺܲϲ
辭֮ϴɣûٺھҳ˵
СظҶ˵ҿʦѾˣЩ˵˵Ҳûɶܻ䡣ڸΪɺܲģ˽¾ɧųŮ
һŮᵽԿصɲǣϱС֣֡§§Щ˿ס͸ˡ
費˵ذһۣôôֱ׵غʦ˵Щh£
˵ʦ˵Щڻҵġ֪ɶҶ˵
겻ּӺö๤˶¸ˣͬ־Ȳãͱ¸ˡ˵ͬ־ʦܲʶŮһеģÿƯˣʦӦüڸߺͱ˵Լ׼һٿ飬Ҫš
ҶȻǵľʱҲкúѧϰ˳ðװ׾۾С¹峺ִ񡣳÷ǳСʮǵζر£˦Ҧ꼸֡
ҶòԼϿεʱ򣬶̲סƼۡ
һʱĿΣ̸ѡ˼ÿС̸ǻǰ£ഺȶ˿ҶһȻڴ˫˫ѧ
ڸ˴ʲô֣
ҶЩˣʡڸôû𣿡
ѩ̭˭֪ڸ˵ǰˡߵıˣŵͳģҲ֪ĵϸֻǸµ裬ڻ̽
ʦ˵ʵǲ֪ǺӳӴǽһװ׾ҾûôÿˡûУĹ˶Ҫҵż̤ˡ˭ָεϱ
˵ƳҶƨȻʦҲܿʦ˳ÿйرʣ
˵ͷԶԶԣʦĻˣйīˮζ
Ҷؿһۣлл˳˴ң
Ҷֹ˻⣬ѩ衢裬һ£Ͳˣ
תͷסǽȥҽԺڸȻҸԾǲΡ
𾪵ؿҶĩдԾҲˣūԾΣʦ˲ǣ
ǸϽֺõ˵ʦҲȥҽԺԾϸģո𣿡
ҶӦˣɣȥɡ

һߡ
½ҵĸĸȥɳ
Էû˵컹ڸڲһϢͦмֿŶȣȻǼٵģļҽԺǵ£αġ
üļȥҽԺ֤
һҽԺ
ҶҽԺȥ˷ҽڸ顣
ڸԭûסԺֱյϢһͱҽԺְͣˡԾҴһصҽԺֵ
Ҷ߽һֵ˯ڲϺ˯ǰӱĴԣġ
ʱڻֳ⸱ģɼû͵͵ȣҶٶٴⶼûһٿ½ݣһڵĿǼĶԱȡ
һ˻һӹȥˣҶɵ˵
һԵҽ̲סҶһؾ˵ţҽغúøͬ־顣
ţҽǷҽѣҲҽԺҽиڸ
ظڸһ˵ͬ־ڸָΪʲôԲѣҪ飬СȥĸƬԸŻʿ˵
ǿڸ΢΢⶯Ƥ𽥼صĺסţҽ
ʦţҽǲô鷳ʲôƬ洫ļһȥʲôˡ
ڸûܵˣǻ֪סҽӶͳһ롣
ڸ￴ͳһö룬ŭգֻñۡ˹
Ҷ΢Цؿѹڸͬ־˯ˣ½˼Զʦ
ҽ㣬ûˣϳԺܸҵѧȥһ˳ϡ
Ҷô㲻ţţҽ㻹ǰƽĸƬɡ
ʱţҽﻹڸûвܷ޲ˣ˷ѹԴʱ䡣
ţҽ˵ˡҿúܣϾͿµ·
ڲѸд˼ϣǩԼֽʿܳһݽҶ
Ҷõµ飬˴ȥҽԺ
ڸﻺ˴ǺǵشԲ˵ҽѹˣȻҽ˵ûҾͳԺˡҲ֪ʲô£ôã˯ҹͷˡ
½ҵĸĸ֪ʲôʱ˲Ѹղŵһж
½ĸȦڸûʲôԲ£ΪʲôҪ˼Զ
ڸһ˵ɩˣ˵ļҸ֪ʲôҺ˼ԶĿ𳤡죬һӴңһû׷
½תͷ˵鷳һˡ
½мҶ֣ллʦһ˼ԶԵлл
ҶЦЦѧУϿξͺܺˡ
½ĸҶжĸмﵽ˼㣬ȴ֪ôлҶʦǮ²УǳЩ½ĸҲûбĶܹлҶˡ
סеʡʦϲʲô尢úлл
ʦϲʲôأ⵹ѲסǣǵҶİ칫ԶʳҪôǵġҪôǹ˵ʦϲԣǳϲ
½ĸһϲĥ˸лķ

һ
Ҷ3ѧΣؿ½˼Զ
ѳ۾ͷ˴ͷһǰɥ¶ʮеģˬ
ǰӣ˭˳ۣ
κ½˼ԶסҶʦȵȡ
ҶͣסŲЦе˵·ͲǰǸģöˡ˾ͺúѧϰɡ
½˼Զ˵˻ǲˣֻýġ
˺ܾ³һ仰ллʦҰ㣬ȥ۸ݳһٷʦҪǲȥҰܾ
ԷͲˣ̫ƷѡҶͷ˵
ģ½˼ԶǶĸĸõص
½˼Զ˵ܴҾ㻹һȫûԼΪ嶯ʲôۡ㣬ʮ;ͽ˼㣬ļˡѸô죿
˵һ仰õҪ飬½˼ԶҵӦ𣿡
Ҷѵ½˼Զתذ칫ңĴԼĺ̨һۣ𾪵طֿ֣ĸǿ۶һٽ
һٽ︻ǿʲôѸٻͷ½˼Զ
ҶıϡůزûϵΪʱδһݾӸ㣬ѧҰ칫дд
½˼ԶûɶӦҲ֪ǴӦ˻ûӦ
ѧ½˼ԶҶİ칫ҡ
ҶʲôӸ½˼ԶдǰûаֵҪСֱӴ뷭һһнʦƸԾͿ˱½˼Զ
½˼ԶҪ飬дǿЧüͷϸߣѹŲͷƢдһСʱ
Ҷźʸģˢˢˢһ⿴ȥԾĴҶģϾԼһ顣ҶԽ¿Ƥ
һ⣬Ҷһγʴһ70
ȻԶҶʱķʱб½˼ԶȴٳӣֻдһСʱ
Ҷһصһа칫ҵʦ飬ôôߵķΪˡͷβȳۡ
ѹһӴ˺̨৵صʳԭʳĴͷǳ½˼ԶϡҶԼĴΪʱδ
ߵߵ棬½˼Զ˵ǰɣҼסˡ


65 
½˼Զ˵ҵķ԰, ѧУǲе
ѧУҲΪᣬΡͳĿһеģ, Ҷɲ˳⡣˵Ծд100֡
˵ĳ﷭һԾ˦½˼Զ, ׵ľϴʺ100֣һдҶ֡
ʦϾʦ
ʱΪӦ߰Ҳ磬ҶԾȥӡΪ, Ǹӡ
½˼ԶӹҶԾ, ˷, һܡı顣˼, һ仰˵ӵԾ뿪˰칫ҡ

Ҷһٽĸǿ, ߸˵°ؼҡ
͸ʳƷ̵껨ëǮ, նƤȥѩҡ
㣬ְ°ص˼, ϴǮСҵСԺ飬дʵĬš
ѷ, ǮСϴȥʢ, װֻһͷһƶӡһˣȻܼªȫٳԵýζ
ҶҡҡնƤӸͰɣллǸ¡
ֲ˲ϵ·, ˼ҶĶƤ
ˣҳ, ɶ¶ʦô
ƤȻ㶥õĶ, ҲҪƱֻᣬֵﶹƤл
ҶӲѶƤЦ˵û˵ʵҲҵѧԺۣҶһһ߳ЩɶѩȥѧУҡ
軹ƾ˶ƤҲɶ£ʦɱ
Ҷֱ˸ɾ룬ѶƤֱӵ˽ȥնƤζ˳
Ƥȹһ£Сӵֵʳջ󣬷׷׼һԣֱóԣƵ۾˶ĿĹʡ
ǮСɺѩʦˣ˵վ
ҶǵԴúóԷһȥˡ
ǮСɵȻԾݡȴѾǰܶࡣ
ǮСɳ극ԹԵҵ·ƱдûеơĸҲú͵ƣÿ춼дҵŻؼҵġ
ɫĵƹϣһǳǳļӰǮСдרעȫûзѾ뿪ʦ˻ڿдҵ
ҶһĻļˣ½˼ԶⲻϲѧҲǲ̣׬ʳȵССã
ҶǮСɣգգ˵ȥ͵дɣװ۾
ǮСһʦ㻹ûѽЦе˵ͺܺãú̫ǮˣҲûƱ
ҶһѹüʾСɻǵЩʳĵү𣿡
ƱƱкܶƱȫܱˡʳõҲõ
ǮСϴǿͰ壬ͷԶԣϴǸһ͡ллʦܵĵүã
Ҷ̲סЦؾסҽܵĵүСںżȻĵү
ǮСɺܿʦĽͷ

ϣҶʮ׷ŵϵطȹá
שѹźһûעʱȻʧҶȺĳƱӦøʮ飬ֱӸһٿ顢ʮƱ
ҶüÿζǮȻˬ죬ϲռ˵ıˡ
ʹʱһŵ
賿쵽ףصҴ򿪴׼װû뵽ȴڳһֽõ⣡
һ˲˵ĺ⼱ˣӿ졣
ǡ⣿
Ĺʲͣ˼ÿٶ飬ôߵĹʣԾݳƷ
ʱʳȱ˳Եʳﻹʳԣũ嶼ûʳιԣվҲСģֹ͵ż˽ɽԣԵһҰζвӰ
ŬйϵԣάÿмżмѼԡǺܾûгζˡ
ŵĶʲôضţĶˡ
Ůʿرסɷ򣬡˵ĹȻûҪúöԴǣǾǵľˣ
ȻѾ賿㣬˰ҹҲˣŮʿȵ⣬ѷĲ͡
ǿţѹɱ״ŵ塣ȺõĹͷͣһͽ͸һ㱡ĭһʳζ˳
ŮʿѼõļ룬һݸɷԼһ롣һҧȥϸϸƷͼıӣģн
ĭζɿڣôԶԲŮʿûעıӾͿйˡ
ŮʿִˡĴӡ⣬˳ɷӣ˵ҪǺ⣬ͬ𣿡
˼ȷ˵Ǹдţ
Ůʿȵľ仰дʮһҶ򣡡

ڱ˵ĿƣҶߵǴ⡣
½˼ԶʱѧУϿΡ֮ҲһСܣһѧУΡҶÿ춼ջü廨⣬ɵضڵһٽ廨⡣
ÿ켸廨ȻۣϸˮһʲСĲƸ
գ½˼ԶĸҶԷл
Ҷ°ֱȥ˾۸ݡ
ǰҶ᲻ȥݳԷһ۸̫ͨĹӪƲϣƵϵȴ̫󣬱۸ݣǰcеĽƣһٷԵһµĹʲɶϡ¡
в¶ԭܵ͵͵͵
Ҷ֮󣬱˶¥䡣Ѽ㡢½
Ҷһ֪½˼ԶĸĸƷˣȻ򵥣ȴˡʱڣҵѾܲˣٷ²һٿ顣
ѼƤִࡢͨ죬ԱذѼӲƬһѼⱻ÷ŵҶλߡһѼ⣬εݸˡ
֪ôƷѣҾͲˡҶѴõѼݸ½ĸ
½ҵĸĸϰʳ޲½ĸЦ˵Ȳ˵ʦȳԣĿѼúܺóԡ
Ҷ·𳢵˽ǮζִԼÿһҧȥܳԵһŴʮ
һڿѼζըѼƤִ࣬Ѽϸһ㱡𽴣ҶԵ۾ֱ
ٺһȺζϵζںһˮ̵ζӿͷҶŸоԼǳ׻˹ôڳһķˡ
һٷԵԻҶپܾ½Ҹĸ͵İֻѼ⡣
Ҷ뵽̵и¯ӲֿȡѼӸۣѼϾ۸¥ʦգζ
½ĸ˵ллʦǼ˼Զ鷳ˡ
Ҷ˽Ŀģ½˼Զ㿼ĸѧУ
½û뵽Ҷεؿ۶ӣٿӡ
½ĸһЦû취ġ
Ҷϸɻ
½ĸ˶ٽ͵˼ԶСĲСʱĥ׹ʫѣӢĶѧҲһͿĶѧɣο˼ΣǴѧƸ¼ȡǿϵġ
ҶûϵȻչһ
½˼ԶͶƵ񣬼ʱס⣬½ӷ޵л뿪˷ݡ
Ҷһ￾Ѽ˼ԺѼⱻֳķݣһԼԣһ͸̡һ͸ңһǰԡ
ǰڽѵ¶Ӫ
ҶѿѼ͸ҵͬʱѹǰǷݵݸǶǰƻûϷҸ
ôѼʢϣѾ˴ˡοɫõ壬ˣʮˡ
Ƕ鿾Ѽ⣬Ե۾ֱˣ޲ڡ
ǰпڸҰѵͷɩӺá
ϣǶһȺսʿȥѲ߻ڣ˹ǰ
ǰȿѼ⣬˹ǰֻڡġ򿪷УһŨ˱Ƕ
ֻ׺ƯĿѼ⡢һ⣬һ㼦ǻ˿ɰΧһȦĽˡ
Ȼǵͱ׼ҲйǰԵôá⼸ҰҲûԵӡҰø׻廨ԶˣοĿѼ⡣
ǰԡΧһĽʺ޵񣬵ػصԼ˷
Ҧ걾ǲܸģƽʱҪҽԺְֵ࣬ͣһ£ø˻μ
ʸμӾĶһſĹŵСͷûʸȻȺſĽǰǿ
ҹҦԼ뼸ѣʲôϡģ
ԣȥҦоϸͨ˸⣬ΪҰζũڰ⻻ʳ
ǰʲôʱҪôˣһٷҲϡ
Ҧȥлʮ˽⣬Լ񫡣
õҶҰζĺ⣬ҰĿڸôá
󣬹ǰص˾Ժ
Ҷڽʾ֭ĥô⣬һŴʮ̾۸ݵĴʦΰѿѼúóԡ
طô⴫ǰ˽ӪķձΪӪʦͳͳбƵˣ룬Ѿʱĳĳ˽˲Ʋ
ʦֲҶҶ䡣Ȼû͸¶ط⼸λˣѼҲúܺóԡ
ĩҶ󷽵ȡֻͷëˮѼˮѼͷͨļӴһȦ
ˮѼӸ¸µų򣬴Զһ·Ҷ
Ҳûɶ£ֻܳʱ򱻴ԺļˣŮǰһ׷Ѽ
С˼Ȧûһë׷þƣؿֻѼײҶűߣһ˵ϡ
ҶѼӣתߡ
ȵȨDDǵѼӣ
ҶɿѼӣЦе˵ŶǼץɣץǵġ
ҰѼ֮ųַüֱ׷þƣһ˿˿鲻ʱѼͣҶĽűߡ
ҶֻѼӻؼҡ
һȺ˿ĿɿڴֱǰεƺӵѼӣҶǾ
и˾ˣĬĬ૵ҶҲ̫˰ɣǰаڲŶС


66 
ҶЦеֻѼͷ, ҡҡͷʱУʱĪǿ
Ⱥɩ˲ûñȥ
ҶȡѼʱҲûϵۣҲ, ƾ⣬ܱȱ˻ɻȥǿˡ
һͨͨװ׵ʦ, ָܵʳ
ţ仨˵µʱҪЦˡ
˺ɵʵĸò˭ѼӰɣ
ǸɩɫôǼģֻˮѼöãͷױֹܵÿ, Ѽô
ţ仨˵ѵ߰żɽ, мֻҰﲻϡ档
Ȼ˵˵, ʱܲסɵСɵԺ, ʱӻ׽ֻȸȴû˵˭ô, ˮѼҲδ⡭̫̫ˡ
Ҷõ治ֹһ㡣һֵѼַ, ޲ôض㡣
ȻǰҲ˵ӱߵ㡢ӡԵҰľ˵Ͼ˵ȵĿá˺ǿ
ЩҶ, ƤǳûĻúύľɩ᳦Ӷ, ΪʲôƽʱûкҶ߶߶, ھͿմĹ⡢ˡ
ֻˮѼǶôķʣöôë⻬Ѽһ뾫񣬳жͷҿԶôף
Щжû, Ҷ׽ֻˮѼ±㴫ж
ҦսҰ, һٿ鵽ֻҰɽ
һٿȻƲ࣬һ¹ʮ, Ǯʱ΢һᡣۺܿʧˣ׬ǮΪ˹Ϻ
ϱʱԼٶٳ԰ײͷڸܳԶѾܺˣ塣
Ҧ²żصԺ
ûи˶ãھǾһҳҶû˵񵽵ֻˮѼִַ󣬱ĽĽ
ھָҦļžСＦС꣬ļҲǼİɣ
ҦϵıЩûסЦͣϸ˵ǣ˼ôõҵļ͵ġ
ҦصҹţЦݵ˺ܶࡣ
Ҷô£ϱӴû˵ãԺⲻ̭йֱ۵ʱ
ҦɱʱȻ뵽һֿܡҶ˴ˡ
иСŮᰮС˵ҹдҵ󾭳ֻС˵ҦҲ˼䣬ĵһС˵ŮƾָߵӾ˵ģɽڵҰɽΣž׬Ǯôܻ᲻֪ʱ˶öԲݸƤô
ΪҦرֽŮҲͷᡣҶˡ

һߡ
Ҷ̵ɱֻѼӣιë֮˵࣬Ѽӻأƶ֮ѼƤһ㱡֬Ѽϸ廬ۣ˫մѼ͡
÷ʵѼҶ˫Ŀų⡣
Ѽദɾƺõ±֭Ѽ廨ѼӡѼӻĨ±ϣͨ紦Ȼɡ
͵ķʩһӦȫȡůƬڵĺڰ׵ӻﻹһ¯ɼ˼ҵȤ£ЩȫҶ
գҶ΢΢ƵѼӣպ¯ӰǹȥһСʱ
Ѽ֮̿Ͻɫ͸֭߳ѼƤ˳ҶĨһ֭ѼɫƯõɫʱţ¯￾ѼζŨ
ҶֻѼȡ˳ѼĨ֭ѼƤ˵ĺ⡣п±֭Ѿ͸Ƥµÿһ⡣
ѼƤ룬ѼƤִޣƤ¸һ㱡֬Ȳسһ飬ѼƤִ㣬Ѽϸ۷±֭͸ÿһѼ⣬ζըһ㡣
ζǱ۸ݵҲ
ҶǲЩ򣬿ɼܲסѼԼúãϸ塣߶˵ʳֻҪª⿼ɡ
ҶֽȡһֻѼѼƬȴһȥ½򸾼УԸŪһ͸мУʣһ̳ԡ
ͿѼ⵽ңû뵽̣ҶЦ˵ԭҲأʡҶǱһˡǶԿѼ
Ƕֱϲ⣬û뵽ȻпѼԣ
˵ɩӵֻѼӣû뵽ϾͳɩӵѼ⡣Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ǶԴӳԹҶĿѼ֮󣬱ǣʳѰ԰ɶˣٿԼƽʱԵİײ˵عϸ棬͸ʳƵġǻȻӣ˱ˡ
Ǳںǫһѧ⣬ΪŵһŨŨʳζ۲òֹ
ֻҶӷﵹڵĿѼ⣬ȡһ潴ƹ˿õɫĿѼȾűѼͣƬִֺɼѼӵķ˶󲻵ķ
ŵǰҲһѵõζοڼЩʳõ÷·𲻴һ㣬ü˶̶ӡ
ǶȲһſѼ⡢ƹ˿Ĩһ𽴣һҧȥѼζŨٴˬڻƹ˿
óԣȳҶЦеشŴһԡ
ѼܺóԣԵͣ಻ţѼӺܷѼƤһҧ̵ðͣȴˡԶӳȱˮ˵·ɳĮ˺ܾõںȵȪˮ
ٳԵ㼫ˣ۽ǵϸƷ·𶼴Ц
ҲǳԵһ㣬շΣͷ˿ҸζĿѼȻҲóԣǷֵÿͷϻûһƬҶٿѼ˳Եþˣ
صѼзݣԣԵĴָͶմ͹⡣
ҶЦе˵Ȼȥˣ¯ӻš
Сȥˣ
⺢ӣͰ͵һ˵ӶûȾˣҵţһ˼ס
ֲ˲ΧȹͳֽĨ˰ѴӹȡһҶ
δζƷѲɶĨˣ㰢̼ҲûɶϡĶ㡣Ѽóԣ
Ҷû뵽ԼȻ˶ѺƵεЦЦҶ಻˼ҵѼӾǰ׼ģϵνϷѲɶ
СظҶ˵ͱˣҺõģܰ׳ĶҲ˼͵Ժġʳѡ𣿡
ǼҸҶϵãǱĽĽġҶİ⣬ȻҲϧιϵܰռ˼ұˣԺָųϾϸóԵ
Ҷ뵹ûоܾⲻʲôֵǮĶԱ˶ȴԵõϡϵ
ԴҶס̵ķ֮ǰݵÿһȽű̶ͨ
ֻҶû뵽ĶǳԤϵΪյһƿƣûôܾ
صҺϻӣû۾ֻСʣװŻƳγεġС㣬һһӵĽ𻳱Ļеתţϸ΢
£ϸ壬óҹƵĿʽ
Сδ֪ҶĴֱסˣﻺôӣԺǵͷ


67 
Ҷûвؽİ, ǿסЩСϡ
СмͷԲǳ˷汻Բ, ̵Ѿģ塣ŰǷŻϻӡ
ʱս׷ɣұֵܿ, ֻнӲȶͨҡʱе˼ңС㴢ڵķӿ»СֵǮСܻһСĺԺҲҶûжڷӵԵʡ
ԡôصС㣬ҶҪ
ⶫһ֪ڷļƷ, ʱʱ͵Եĸ, ΪѵõĹѧ, Ľ֮˳ְһѡ
û, Ҷ˻ȥ
߸ոճԱ, ͻûĨɾ, 㿴ҶعѶӲ, ҶЦеشһ˰֡
һ͹ˡⲻӱ, ֪ĻΪױ, ̻ŸǶϱɣ
Ҷ˵ˡ
ص̾⺢ӣ
ҶЩ˵ǸؽǮˡȻ̭Ҷ۽Цеϸ΢ȴôҲڲס
Ц˵СվˣɱСΪõǮͿԴ
Ҫ˵Ǯ˼Ҳȱ, ˼ҵĶϱȱǮ˶ǵͶ, ĥòҶһӣԺСҪ, Ǽ䵥ס¡
ûôƣСϼƳһ£ԿصС˵ҲûǼҿɲǻȱҪױĹŮ𣿡
̴ûпЦ˼˰˵

һߣǰûصұŵһŨŨζ뵽ʲôЦЦ
СսʿЦݾˣ⻹ʶǸЦ쵼
ȻǰصҺ󿴵˷ڵ⣬¯ӻŰֻѼ
õɫĿѼгƬֻѼֻյôķźƤ··ʣĨ˲ƵƯ
ǰͬеСսʿһζʢķˣʶ۾
𾪡ĽԭΪҰѵʱѾɥĲˣû뵽˽пѼԣ
ҪǼθϵشѣСսʿΪԼ˴ƲӵʱڣԿ⻹治һ׵£Ǹڹôôϡƽ
ϳ˵ĿѼ⣬һɫĺ⣬һĻƹ˿ʳϢ׵˸оáҸ
ǰҲ㶣Ȼ뵽ϱ϶˺óԵģû뵽û뵽ڼŪ˿Ѽ
һ治ɫشȡһļ
ǡҶմһײˡСսʿ񣬽ɩӡ
ҶЦе˵ˣզȥ
Сսʿ˹Ůˣǰһ
Ҷ˵ϱǴģ˵òû뵽ô׾ΡӸ߸ߵģϸ񻣬źͱ˲·ǴĶÿ˵
ǰƳһۣ˵ãҪ죬˶ߡ
ȡһļݸСսʿҶֽֽ˼ƬѼݵСսʿŻȥԡ
СսʿѼֻоģɬʱںֱ뿪˹˼һֲʵĸоɩƢܺأ
еദ
Ҷ˹ǰ룬һ֦̣𵽸첲ȣĺ鲻ס˳Ŷ£ߵüĿĿ˿ͷһ
մһһ·Ͽ˲ٴҰսѵսʿ٣һɹúںú̿ƵģΨǰɹڣǽǳɫ
һζȥϴ裬ϴԷҶսţ̭
ͳǰ˲ǵĺ
ǰѵõϵصͷϱ˰˰Ҷͷлл
ǰץʱٵϴ˸裬һˮԷ
⼸ҰѵӣŲֻиУǰ·𱻶˺ܾƵģڷ¶ǣգۼͳһ뷹һװ룬׷ѹýʵʵġԱһֻĸо
ǰ˹س˲ˣ˵ò͵
мĴ׷óԣĺ⣬ҲȲζ
ѼƤ֣ζƤ¹ű֬ر㣬Ѽ۶ȣʶ塣
ζҲȲϾ۸ݴʦĽƿѼãζһζȴǱ𴦶ҲŵġǰԱۡ
óԣǰԥ
Ҷ˫ֳ°ͣЦе˵׽ֻѼӣʣֻҪûԱǱ߻С
ҰѼ׷Ҷܡܵñ˵ȶ죬ǰûصԺ˵ˣԼ¶Ц⡣
ˣô෹ôԲ
˾ȥϴˡҶѹǰȥ
ǰҲȥˮرϴϴüɨ˳Ѽ´ɨһ顣뿪֮ǰ롢жӦóֵĵط֮˲ңʰ߰ġ
Ҷһ߸ҵһ͵͵˵ļ⡣
ǰŰɫĺģ¶ǳɫĸ첲ļȣɫļӳ£ԭʼ
Ҷһᣬ
ԭǷˡ
˵Ҷ˿ѼȲҶҡ
ɩӣжҪ͸㡣ӰͳһӣЦеصݸҶ
Ľܵǵȷ㲻ҪСӹڵĲƷǳܻǱߵСϲҲһïïոǰ࣬Ӹպùǰ·
ĵȷüɫ˵
ҶԡȷȷʵţΪĥͦϴ׷壬ܹϲҲΪǽڵģ۸һҲˣһȷüʳ
һ˱ֽʳ޻Ҳɱ½˵ȷĽڡеĳһҹӪ̵ϼ˵ȷΪ̫ˣ̵Ĳˣʱ˺öˡ
cߡȷţлŶӶϣಡؾˡλ𱬣ҶҲûȥŹӡ
ǡȷͨͨĵôֵ۲ϣʯȡĹҵ˲Ʒ͸ůҶ뵱ԩͷû׷ʱֵĳ
̽Ҷ뵽ǰֻ˼̿ڸɻֻɫĻɲ˿ȥֻܰȥ˿
ȵȣˣǰողŰѵذˡҶֽػس˿Ѽ⣬ֽŵݸ˷
Це˵ллġȷҪû㣬һ֪һŴ
úýʳѡڲȱʳԣ廹жԡ
СظҶ˵Сһ׮ɩӣҵʳˣһǿ飬Ҫȱҿȵ㡣
ҶϤ۲ûǺŮʿʳ
ԼԼʳҪ̫ɧôס˱飬Це˵ллǵʳʱԣҪһЩġԼںʳҲҪСһЩ
۾תתҶ̸ʳİԣɿ˼һģʺİԵӣ˵Ļʻ˶״ͷ
ãɩӣллĿѼ
Ҷѷˣšȷ߽ŵϰβŸҵ
ǰϺ˵طҶڷվԿϾãû֡
ҶȻ̧ͷ˹ǰЦЦǰղһȷرʱ֡ïҲһĵȷò÷һ
ҶġȷвЩпͨͨ۲ϣƶȴô׷
ҶҲûٳԹѡĿ࣬һĻѧάĻʱ¹ڴ·ѣԭô
ϧҶ˽⻯ά϶Ҫһ㡣
ǰϱĻ˼صãҵ·ò÷·
˵¹һɫŮʽסڿӣͬһʽ˼ף컻·ᱻ˷֡ǰĬƬ̣¹˼·ȥϴ
Ҷҵû꣬Ѿն޵ûȻһ£ذÿճӰ
ǰеشϳһѧҶӦҪҵˣҪҵİ𣿡
ȻǰȲڣҲѧˣĵ˵ʵҵƻԵġ
˵꣬ҶûдǰԹ˵ط飬㿼Уֶ˶ˡ
ֻһ̰д˸ƵԼ⣬÷ǳҶ׼ϰʦ
ǰдıʼǣϸһ飬ٵͷ쵰˫ۣרעűظѧԾһ˿ش˵85֡
ҶȻ֪ǰƻԡǺǫ˵Ǿ¿ѧԺѧԱڸڷⷢȡλλĽܺܿ
ĹұҶȴ򡢳Կ͵Ĵˡ
תתʣϷʵˣɱţЩģ㡣
Ҷ˹ǰͷѶչʱһڡ
Ǹôˣ㿼Ǻûа


68 
ǰ§Ҷ, ڵϣ侲һǵԴ
˰ΣǰͷҶ˵ҳԵĿҩи, ҽҩڲҪӡ
˵Ŷ仹ͨġ


ҶĬ˰Σԭ
ԭǺܺý, ֻҪһֻƷ͹ˡͷӶร˶ȥҼƷֶڹڹҪ鵽ʮƻҵõ
ҶϵЦݴѣվæҵʰûĺõҵ
ǰڸЦ⣬˵ڳһʱ, Ҳ̽׼, ȥм˾ˡ
ûȥж԰ɣ
Ȼǰĸ, ҲǴʯͷĳ, ¾ĿסĸǱ߻һֵܡǻǰҪȥ̽, ǻҶû, Ӧ
Ҷͷ, ˾ϲʲôҵ׼׼
ǰͷ, ˵, ȥ˾С

һߡ
򵽵ʳ͵͵˽·ָšңŮʿҲ֧ԮһЩҡ
ռҸûоϸԣҲûҹҦʳ
ռǱصĸ̣Ҧʶͬѧ֮мҾΪ׵ġҦԭΪͨʳȡС㣬û뵽ֻһ, ȱûҹˡ
Ҧȥһ, ε̯֣û취, ̱ȽϴͳѽñӻءǸܸʳˡ
Ҧ껹˵ʲôֻЦЦû£ԺҪҪϸҡǸʳ˻ڣһܸϵ˵ˡ
ҧҧ˺ݻû뵽ǲΪ
һҿԻĲûжӰ죬ֻҦЩȥ˾ѯʳķ
Է˵֪򵽾ϸ·ӣиϸֻֻս
ʱմýǶõǮһĵͼ۴ףҦĻҲûҡͷ̫ˣûôǮ
֪Ҧ·ʳǺܸˣҪýǵõľϸ˵Ҧꡣ
ﾫϸһС㣬룡Ҳûܾˡ
ҦϵЦһͣû뵽ľϸȻͬһ챻˷ܾ
Ҧ֪ȱǮҡǷң˫ͥסϷǶŮСӹñжĽïձ˳˷չȹǰһЩá
ǰѼҲȫңԸѹȥҶӻǹ̷龫سԡïµĶӵܣôܿ
ڵĽ۲һС㻻ﾫϸѾǺܻˣҦֱظоﲻԾ
ɷïաӦһӳȺõĿѼ˵˷ϻдװɵİ࣬ڵطŵʮֿɿˡ
ѼҦƤʶ
Ҧһֱ˵ѼӡĴ˵ʳֵƵ̫ˣѼԷҶѼ¡
ЦЦ˵ôͶˣһ¾Ͳˡ
Ҧ˺ܾ֮󣬷ܾöûдӾлع
ʵ췽ҶĵıҦʳ£Ҧ˺ܶʳкܳһʱˡ
ҦҴҵشӽѹûע⵽·մ۲Ҧܾá
ǹݣý㷽Ůʿ죬ĵ˱üýʳ£ܻûʶҦʳ
ձûһСʳ̽ѵһ١ռڲȱʳˣõȻٸҦҪʳû뵽ҦڱǱ˶ӣתͷ
СͬɷۡһҦͬ־ʳϴϷؽ϶ǣҲմ׻ҡ
ïղ÷˵ԱԼķ¹ܱ˵¡ϴɩӵ»ȡѵû֤ݲҪϹ»
˶٣ѹص֪ˣԺҪκģҪֻܸġʱУ֪𣿡
̫ˣɷһѣֻǸ˵˵ûҪдٱţ㿴͵͵ٱ˵𣿡
ïߣߣϱԴЦе˵Ȼϸڷֱ˲֪ĶԿѼ˵ɩӵһһĺá
Ĳ˵ҶǶеóԵģӲ۾˼ϲɶɶÿÿͶãһЩϡĶĵط򲻵æ׼ûɼʹĻ龢ǰ϶ǿӡ

һС
ҶѧУ÷÷ϸһ½˼Զĸϰ⡣Ҫ½˼ԶȱƣҶǺò
Ѿġ˼ζãҶҪʵʵĿĿҵרҶֻ̺÷÷
÷÷Ҷ·Ҷ½˼Զʶ½˼ԶͬһƵġ
˵ôãҪôãͱʦɱһϡˡ
Ҷᵽͷʹû취͵һæÿѧСʱܴεͬʱ˳Ҳǻ˲ĿƣƷ浹ûкܴĴˡ
÷÷ǴӦˣ½˼ԶûôӣҪǸѧģǺԸ⡣
ܲҶѧĳɼȥ÷÷̵Ŀȴ˺ȣھεġ
ġ˼θϰҲŪˣÿӡݴȥѧÿ쳭Ĭд
һѧҶڽҺʱʱѲߣżѧֽһ⡣ҶһΣһۺ̨ݡ
ʳȲһƬá
Ҷ͸ڿĬдģļȻĬץôҲһ䡣
÷÷֮Ǽûĵ˿ֳ˵ĬߣºǱҵˣܿùȥ
Ҷ·ٳʱּڲٳȦʡզȥ
һЦ˵ôأһûõƾֳһӣ
һ˵˵ܲӻʹһЩǵø
ϦһƬãȾЩ˵ҶҲɵعЦЦ

ͳ
鳤֣һӹڵեͻǩԼǰϽϰߣͷβÿһ顣
иˡ֡ᡢֱ֡鵽ĳؼĲλʱһɫװֵ쵼˹
Цеظ֣˵ǩ˵û˼ҹĹʦڴǳҪյǩ˼Ҳܽôʹá
˵½Ѿȥ⿼ˣû⣬˼ҵȵòˣ˺עʱ
֣±ߵüˣҪɵֻۣ˱ֱд

֣ͷǺش˹Ȼûз磬¶ȴߣ˸ˮ̳Ƶġ
ߵҲͬűˣֹҹɶôˣ
֣²˲˵ûʲôȻһܻšǳǽһ𣬻ʮгĲóӽЧϲЩ¸˺ö๤ˣʲôЧԵѺһʲô¡
Ҽģܾڸе㲻̫Ծûȥʲôӣⲻǹܵ£Ҫ߳ͺˡ⼸̫ˣεõ¡
૵طţĵģϱͷͷ˯˹ȥ


69 
ʳͳcеƹ, һʡʳ⡣
ϰƽʱեͣӦһͣʳͳѹ
, ϰû취ͨեֻͣܿʳͳĹ, ʳͳѹȻͱˡ
ĺֵե͵ϲ˺ܶ࣬ʳͳɲָꡣ
½ڱֽϿһţեͻʽϸߣȥ˼եͳ, եͻʳͳҪǻ, ֮ǰõĻӻʱˮѹեͻ, ե͵Чʺܵ, ֻ30~35
õİɭեͻĳʿԴﵽ33~38, ζÿһֻԶե60, ʳͳÿե30ֻͣ»ÿ¿Զե1800, һ108͡
ôܲ˾ϲ
ƳɵĴեͻ¡¡ڹתˮӴõĻ, һƬϲ, եͻȻȻð̨DD
ô£
զˣ
ôĻûü¾ƻˣǾȵȻƬ̺ڶʦԱͷ󺹵زҹϡ

һС
Ҷڰ칫ҵ÷÷ЦӯӯذѼѧҵݸҶ
Ҳû, Цʡʲô
÷÷˵Ǽ˵ҵʵʵдҵ, ҿǷˣзӡôҾûǵƨմӣ
ҶЦЦû˵, 򿪺̨һۣǿѾһٽ廨Ҳʮ֪жǺ÷÷Ĺ͡
÷÷Ŀʱˡ
Ҷָ÷÷һ裬˫ֵϸЦе˵Сʦˣҵ㰮һҼҶٷɣ
÷÷˵Ӧ£ðãҾͲˣԺ˭Ľʦҵķ㣿
ϴҶǨ¼ʱ˶ٷԣ÷÷ڻĺ⡢õ㡣һʣ˻ȥ˳ԣûһҶҵĺġ
½˼ԶƷĳɼܺãҪҶΣĵذ˺÷÷
һҶϵĹȥвѲá
ĿɨһȦ½˼ԶλǿյģϵЦٿʧˡ
ֽڹϾȻΣҶǺ޲ðҳһ١
òɣ½˼ԶүԵġ
ץѯ½˼Զȥˣֿˣ
ε˵ǵʦ½ĸˣ£ѾͰ١
Ҷ֮࣬ǵԾƽʱЦҲЦ⣬Īص䡣
˵õģ֪ˡ
ѧҶȥһ½ҡ
ûߵ½˼ԶңҶ㿴˶סӣҷ߿½ҵš
½ô죿һ
ˣ˼ǵҪඡ
һϹȰɢ˰ɣ½⼸첻Ϊ˼ҵϱӣǻ𣿡
Ҷһתͷȥѩң̽
Ҷҷãѯʵ½˼Զ¡
ϵĻüչŴ˵ʦ½ңʳͳҲˣҼ˵½óĶѺʮեͻ˭֪DD˭֪ؾƻˣ
Ļ½˵жôãжôߣܽԼöϣÿ¶եͣӵЧ潫߶١
ǰΪЧ治ñ¸ڵĹǣֻصͳǼܲסһѵؾðˡ
²½ҲǺģóЧã°¸ڵĹƸ˭֪ùһեͻŵóĶ⼸ȥϼӴǮˡ
ҶĥȻ˽եҵʶлʴﵽ40~50ȫǿеġ
½뷨ûͳõĻһ׵եͣҲʱϵҴԼʳ½õĻǽԼʳ߻ЧʾǶե͡
ȥ⹤ΪҲǻȡ۹ѾһҵĽܳٮٮߡֻǡͻôȥһò˵Ļ
Ҷ⼸ʮ仪ҵչ󣬺ܳһʱڵĹһֱŷ̭Ļе̭Ļûʮꡣְѻ˵ĻչеĹҵΪͺջˡ
˵˵ţ¶˿־塰ʳͳΪµհɣںö೧Ӷˡ
Ҷ߿࣬Щӡ
ҡҡҡͷ϶ض˵ģʳͳᵹգ˲𡣡
Ҷ֪ʳͳǱеƴ󳧣֮ǰͳĹǶзסٶԣڲñĳӵĹĽۺ졣
cеŮԴҪ޸С
ĳӵΪЧǷеˣǷծµضѻűһˣòաʳͳÿӯʮʮĻԲһɰ
Ϊ˾ãcе쵼ҲΪ˾ס
ʳͳû£ֻǣ½ľȴľҲ֪½˼Զ⼸ôɹġ
Ҷ̽Ϣȥ½ҡһţ½ĸ۳š
ʱ½˼Զڴߣ˫ĿؿĳǰµĵطѾûӰˣȴһֱһ
½˼ԶҶˣ˫һЩɣԲʦղӦÿȺ˰ɡ
Ҷһ裬Ц˵ģҰʱû¡
Ҷּ첻ԭǸ桢õѧ·𱻰ι˵Ĵ̣óį޹⡣
Ҷע⵽Ȼø衢Ǹˡڲǰñӿˣر˵Ͷɹˡ
½˼ԶҶ˵ʦûµģҾȥѧУȥ
Ҷͳȥʱ򣬸ո߳žͷرһòҶõĲҶɢŨŨĳζ
֪ʲôʱ뿪ĹֻˣǷ߿˵½ģҪ𣿡
Ҫﵽ׻ûзԣ
½ĸذǼ˸ܣҼſ£¹½˼Զһʲô£
ѶϵҶժ¡
½˼ԶϵҶĸ˵ǡ
½ҶԶʳͳԱᣬһ۱ǵ״̬ǰйÿ϶ҸЦݣ⼸顣
Ч治ãܶ๤˱¸ڣ˵ȥӿŮڼϴ·׬ǮȥùĵعϸɣԶһڳܡ
Ҫûнãӻи¸ڹˡһ˵ȷʵ½ǡµ鲻ǲǶٶٳԲҲûóԡ
ĹλѾܱˣʱµĹҵĸλһܲһӣ˹ȥϰһϾ⡣ҿʼ½½֪ʶ磬Ҳǳǡ
Ҷò̾ʱһɳ䵽ÿ϶һصɽ
½˼ԶĬãȻҶʦ˵ġ顯ʲô
Ҷ½˼ԶʱѾҡҡ׹ӽ
Ǳ羭һЩ굹Ǻ£ͦ˿籩Ĵø졢;δһܻɲ
ӽʱбҪ㼦
ҶֱĵĻǲ˿ըѩˣˣ˫ˣװٵ
Ϥζ
ϲʦװ
ҶһŹ˵¡֮󣬵ʱײΪԼµµΪеҲΪԼȵĹںޡҪԼȥѰң𣿡
ôã˵ҲΪ仰˹⡣
½˼Զ⧲ƲͷٵĨһ۽ǡ
̶̵ļ½˼Զ췭ظı仯˺ܶ¡¾ǰ︸װŪãǵⳡƽٵʱȴôСֻܿŸҹΪ鱼ȴʲôæҲﲻϡ
Ҷ½˼ԶļЦеصйоϻǣ޾֮·ȥǹĻ˵ܰϵæ
ġ˻ʱֱƷò׺
½˼Զһȶ½Ѿˮεתͷ
ʦղ˵ȥ½˼ԶﻮһĨ⡣
ҶͷǵģȻҿܰﲻʲôæʶĻеרң˵á߰ɣȥ
ò˵Ҷ仰һػ磬λɵΨһɫ½˼Զһ˿ϣ
ץסһݰأɻҽʲôתһԡ
ãڲֿţҸְ˵һٴʦȥ
½˼Զȥ״˵绰½ڵ绰ǲͬġ
½ܸмҶҶԹΪܰӽ̺ãܽЩе⡣½⼸ΪһеרңæýŲմأѾˡ
½ڵ绰ƣ˵ʦˡѾҹϵϵⷽרҡллĺ⡣
ҶһӹͲŵ绰ŵ˵ģ½ϵһеרңbڻеѧұֳõǿܻƵġأ
绰ȻȻƬ֮󣬺ܿ½˷ܵллʦ̫лˣҺܿȥȻҴ绰֣Կ׸˼Զ鷳ʦܽȥֿ⿴եͻ
׵̶֮죬ȷ飬½˼Զ̲סͷȥʦı顣
ֻϱ鵭ģûʲô仯


70 
½˼Զȥ֣¼ȡԿס
֣ϵıЩ̫Ȼ, ֹʡ˼Զ½ҵר޻ˣ
½˼Զҡҡͷ, Ҵҵʦȥ
֣ЩʧΪ½Ѿȴ绰֪ͨԿ׸½˼Զ, Կ׽ǰꡣ
ҶõԿױʳͳķȥԲҪרȥ˼
½˼Զɺʡʦȥܽ𣿡
Ҷ˵˼ʹˣ㱼
Ҷ߽˳ʳͳ, ʳͳĹģ, һשɵĴ󳧷, ۰׵ˢǽ, дżɫӡˢ֡ܶ, ڼ󽨹滹йֵĲٳ, Դƹ
һƬɵĽôԻ, ȴį
ҶԿ״ʳͳĲֿ⣬ʮ̨͵ʽեͻѻ貿ϸһ, Ӱͳֽͱʼ¼һЩݡ
եͻĸ, ֹصð˲֪ʲô
½˼Զɴ۾ĬؿҶϲ˵߳˲ֿ⣬ܿ챧һ乤, ֡˿˹еꡣ
Ҷ˸Ĵָ, ½˼Զĳ̶ֳ˵ӻͦģҪǻ˱˿϶᲻ܲ˵
եͻӢ˵˵, ˿ͦ۹ģǰɭĻ
νİɭեͻҲҶںͨʽեͻЧʺܵͣڼͥСե͡ʮС磬˾ͿԲʮһȻ
ҶСʱһܲĲֲܡեᡢͰᡭһЩ⣬եͻեեȦ⡣
ͳֽʰեͻĽṹ
Ҷժףȥϴ˰֣½˼ԶصġǵѧУϿΡ
½˼Զһ˲ؿж̣һû¶ȵĻеѪڡŬѧϰեͻԭ᲻һҲ򶨵شЩе
Ҷ߳ʱɫѾȥ㷱ǹ
գҶȥͼݰ漰ե͵鼮һ顣ڽûжãϲ󣬻ʷйⷽ漼鼮ʵࡣ
Ҷ²ذõϢд˼ֽ
ͱʣ߹һȦֻʼȥ̼ҡ
Ҷźܸˣٿֻţʡզˣּ񵽼ˣ
ҶͷԣŵȻһЩ£ͦӵģȳԶټⲹ
Це˵ôɶӦˡ
ֻΪҶҪֽЩԵ⣬ϾٽҵˣʱšʵЩСﻹҪ󶯸ɸżţٷأ
ҶӦˬ죬ûģֻίЦЦԷ£ȳԱٸɻ
ֽɱһֻԱ߿ǾȲѡ
Ұ֪ʲôôʣƶ֮ͳһƳγεķʼͣ¶ʵó͡
ԼļݰͰ͵ģɱ鼦Ͷ
ҶѼֳ룬һɰ轡桢ɽҩһɽ伦߰ӣ͹һӼ
ȥ˵˼㶹磬ժֻˡ
ҶҰ㣬ڵޱȡۣϸĹͷһҧѿ㵽˹
ǰʲôóԵĶûԹȴûôʵļʵ˹ͷҪǸ˼ҿͷһУ˱˱ͷζ
û⼦Ϊʲôôʣֻ̫ûгԵóԵĶȱˮʲô㡣ӳԵͣٺһ̵ļظʣζ
ĻŭţһҪӦҶʮҪ¶⡣
Ա֮Ҷ죬ڿȥϴˡ
Ӱͳһѻõͼֽ˼ŵĲϵݸҶ˵иѧ½ĸǳʳͳĳ
ҶȻеԼƫ͵ˡνҵרļҪôͻƣͲ󷽵ذԼ
ĪҶͼֽͼֽһ˲ʱˡ
㻭ģեͻ
Ҷͷԣһեͻаɭեͻ½ʱѾ𻵵úˣֵʮҡ˲ȥˣֻܾޡ
ҶĻ˼ٿͼֽ
Щեͻֵʮ򣬸İɣҡҪöò׬ûʮ㡣۵˵
Ҷû뵽Լ뵽һϣͷ氮¶Źҡ
Ļ˵ˣͷԣ˷ǮЩû޺ãʳͳкܶ๤¸ڡ
ӹȡ۾ȥϸоҶĳɹ
㻭úܲҿһ⡣ϸ첲˺öˣвסȥЩ
Ҷ˶٣̿ɵϸо͸½˵Щեͻʱǹõ3~5ǰŪԼÿԽԼܶʳ
ȻǱĹõ̭ϵȴȹڴͳե͡ˮѹե͵ļȽʮꡣ˵Ҷա
ҶĻﲻǲȵģù鲻ԽЦ˵öԣܰЩեͻ
գҶȥ˳ʳͳ
½ҹ˷ɻظ˻Ҷʦͬţһ׷ԲԵ˳ӡ
ܽãʦãҴȥллǣҪûǣӻ治֪ô졣
мؿҶ
ȥҶûвեͻԶְեͻĶȫˡ½ͨһ̨եͻôġ½եͻʾһȲϡҲ͡
ҵ˹ϵԭ˵եեȦ⣬Сѽ
Ҷµһģһ鲻Խؿһۡ
С½һͷˮʦʲôأ
˶٣Ͻ˵õǵĹûͬͺţû취ֱޣϻͼĵҪһʱ䡣½ȵüȲһ취ϵեͻĹʼֳɵ
½˼ֱϲ⣬ôõϢ
޾ͺãﻹôҪ
Ҫһڹ֧ÿ㶼ж½Ѿեͻcнָ󲿶ЩϣǲܵҲõȡ
½м˵һܳһʱ䣬ѾȥǰѷˣнĴʱŻ
ǵҪ鷳ܽڣЩþŪһ칤ٿһ죬˷ѵȫǮʳ
˵½õģõġ
½ߺ󣬺ˮȻǽ͸·ʱͷӿһ֡ɽˮ·һ塱ζ˫Ѿû취·ˡ

½հܽͳ˳ʳͳһ߳ʳͳҶ½ʳԼɻեͻ֮ǰû𣬷Ͻȥե𣿡
½˵ôһ㣬ôܲãȥĳӵģۿŻŽեƵͣͻԳƵġ
½ߺ󣬻صͳ칫ңڸ
ڸЦе˵½⼸̫ˣܴչسӵǮ˵ǷôǮﻹϡ
ȽҾǳͳ³½ģͬķϣһչ˶ɩӡ
½ǳŵեͻ޺ãһԻָʹáһ뵽Ҷղᵽʣ߱ȥ
·֮Ҳһֱڴͻͻôȥ˹򵽵Ļȴǻģ
½˵ͷģʱûյ
ͳĸɲĬ˵̬ȼҵҡҰڡ
˽ۡڸҪ
½Ȼ²ȫСҪ˳ӾҪˣ½


71 ޣ
һС
Ҷʳͳեͻ֮, ½˼ԶѧУϿΣ˸Ƶġ
ǰĬˣûµʱһ鿴, ˵Ҳ뿪λ˾Ϣ, ÿڿζ¡
ǰֵܼˣûĸֵģһֵܲʡԶӸ翪ʼѧϰˣ
ʱ½˼Զ϶һţȴûзӦ, ֻü˵֡, żͷ顣ƽʱһӵǰֵ, ûһ۽ġ
ʲô, ֻļ硣
½˼ԶĥһĿ, ⱲӶû, 񡭡ָоҲ
סеļȥ칫Ҷʡʦ, ǳեͻ޺𣿡
Ҷ϶Ĵ𸴣Це˵, һ޺áһõƾ𣿡
½˼ԶնػظҲǡ
Ҷ½˼Զսü, 治ͳº󣬷·һҹ֮䳤󣬱ó춮¡
Ҷпļ˵ܲСڶŬˡӦʦ, Ժ¶˼, Ҫ嶯ǫûġ
½˼Զ촽ֱֱ, ûпҶıӦȥˡ

ʳͳ
½ûƸÿ¸ڵĹ˷ĽƸȱ͵Ͷ
һŶ˻ɫţƤֽװĽţƤֽŷӲӲģװöǮӲҡѾԼٴ¸ڵʵ
½ĬؿŽƸ¸ڵһ˹ȥϵÿһļˣÿһýƸ
ժ۾ε˵ҶԲסǡԺҪӹȥˣңȻұǳԱһٺġ
￴ɣƣףﲻ볧Ҳѱ⼸ҵֳǮ˵ⷬ治סȱȣҲ֪ڵ˭һЩ
Ȼ½ԣϸ룬ΪҲ߳ӵЧ棬¸ڵĹ˷Ƹ
ô˵Ѿˡ
ǳӵ춼ûеѾܺˣȺö೧ǿˣ
½΢ؿ˵ŵùңһΣ½ĳһҶɹεѹأ
Ȼ½ŵһʳͳָյĹ٣һȥˣҲûեͻתļﷸֹ
ͳ˽ʶ½ͷѾȥˣʼͽ˷ͷĸ
ҡ
һ¸ˣΪȽŲͳ﹤ȫ˶ú硣һ˵Ĺôȫҿ飬ֳԵҩҲҪǮ
üչˣǮëǮӲҷرȥҧҧ˵ͳڸĲǮٿء
һŵؿ衣
ؿŮڸǸ˵Ժܵ費޸ȥ飬־ػͳˡ˵üȥͬˡ
˵½˼Զ˵½һեͻ޺ãְ¸ֻʱģĵȵȳɡ
ƣľб޺ûͲҵˣֻȥ󶼲Ը𣿡
ڸˣϱ΢ڽĬس̵ıӰܾĻʼ˵ͷ˵á
ѧûΣ˼ȥʳͳڸ
Ҵҵ߽ʳͳǡ˸շѧؼҵ½˼Զһˡ½˼ԶǲĵģСʦͷˡ
Ǽʳͳʡ½磬ûпɣǸôߵôҴææк򣿡
½˼Զע⵽ķǰ칫¥üһЩ
ܿڸİ칫ҡ
ʳͳܲãڸﲻеһ칫ңһ׺ľɵӡ߽칫ҵʱŵһζ
ڸšǰšűֽЦе˵ˡ
üƺǲϲ
ڸЦаһƵСǰôп
˵ڸ֣˵С־ۣ۵øƵģ͵Ů˱Ȳϵġ
ӭڸ񣬰ֳ˻ȥ񲢲İΪСúãûӡ졣
ǿĲʣѯڸ˵԰ŹҰֵȻѣڿԵ˿࣬Ը»صʳͳDD
ڸﲻ˵ذƨɣʲô壬еô裬ڸɣ
ֵæվǿ˵ҪҾˣֻǺҰֹ£ʲô˼㲻Ұֹˣαˣ
ڸһ§סЦ˵ʲô˼㻹֪Ϳ룿Σ
ֽӣؼ
½˼Զ˰칫ҡ
˿һĻ־ŭ½˼Զݺݵڸһȭһš
Ǽ½˼Զ壬Ҫļƣס½˼Զ˵嶯Զӣŵģ
Ǽû֣ͣ鼱֮°Ҷ㲻Ҫ鷳ʦˣǵôӦʲô𣿡
½˼ԶҶĻ߾ȫſסԼջȭͷΣЦЦ
߬ȭͷ΢΢ȴһĨЦݣЦݿﶼ}ûš
½˼ԶڸϵĻ˵Բס壬᲻£ȭͷûðɣƽЩС¡
ôھôȲ뵱һȥ߸Ұ֣λڳø㣿ŶҲˡҰֻĳһ죬ܹһ£Ҫ͸СһЩ
ҰףҲظ½˼Զ뿪˰칫ҡ
ʳͳһ·ôôûӣǸڸʲôɫ𣡻ҵȥ
½˼Զһۣˡ
ֹͣ˽ѵعͷ½˼ԶĴָѽ½硢ԶӸ磡ģ
ԭΪ׳嶯˺½˼Զᵱڸð죬û뵽ס֡
գȥѧУ˽°¸Ҷ
ҶԼѧܵ۸Ļ̵ˣѹ쿴Ů۾׵ģûٵᡣ
ǵҶȶ½˼ԶΪ˸߶ȵͿ϶
úܺãԼ˱۸һҪְæԼѶ֣ǲثʲô
㶣ͷӿһϲãʦؾȻû½嶯ܣ
ҶһƬ㵴㶵ı飬Լķ߿ôôظͨʦ
зִ硢ѪԣһҵѧģҲǡƮƮļȭô̫ڸˡ
½˼ԶĻĬĬ̧ͷʡʦʲô
Ǽظ͡Ǽֵһ٣
ҶͬҡҡͷǰϴεĽѵˣΪ˰װԼֵáĻˣȻҪ¡
½ϴεĽѵۿɼȥ
Ҷǰû˵ڸķӪŪɡ£ַھ˵һ˻Źڸƽʱûٸh¡
쵽λõˣļڴ˽Ϊң˵ȢţټҶҲֱ治塣
Ҷܲţ۸ѧͷϣһ̡۸˭Ҳ۸ѧŮѧ
ѧҶ˽һ췢¡
ˣ˵ѣְҪ¸ҩԲ˵ڸͿðְ»صϰ࣬ʦ̫ˣҴˡ
ҶؿŭգôʵµĺӣСﳤˮĿί˶ȥǻܱδˣδĻ䣡
ϸº͵ɵӣⲻĴڸʲôϵҪ·̫ãʹʹ˰ɣ
ʦһֱŬĺúӣҿɵ㿼ϴѧ
̧ͷʡ𣿡
Ҷͷġ㲻˵뵱ʦĳɼҪȶӣhʦ϶ʮþȣԺһеʦǰ϶ӵ¡һеĴÿ³ʮƱڻһﻨģӰ˵ʳȳĹǿˡ
£ԭܿ־壬ҶůĹ󽥽ۿᣬмسҶЦЦ


72 
Ժ
ҶʮǮһ龫, ʳǼǵöԲˣ龫ҲǼˡһ޵龫˿һļ۸
Ҷһ龫, Ľȡ
Ҷʡ̣Ū𣿡
ժϻ, ̾˿СգҰѻ˵̫
Ƹԭһ׵¡ݼܶȡӲȡѹǿȡ¶, ѡòϻͼǧ, ûϵֲܹϵĹͣˡ
ЩũߡճƷĳ, Ϊʱû취ͣ, Ǹֹҵרı׼
òѵƷ, ˺üֲϡ˼ι, ûаö
Ҷһˡեͻ޲ɿɲһС£кüѧļҳڳʳͳ, ĸƸ¸ڣС˼ѧϰ
ۼűҵѧǰ, ΪĿԵѧ, һӺڶ
ҶҲɡʮȫһһëģÿһǮ͸Ѫװ˷ˣ˭Ҫʹ
Ҷ˺ü, üһ顣
һ, ڵĲû취եͻΪӲȲ, ǲȣ
ǰѻɶԲҪ͵ͺ𣿸ɺʻϵĻͷ½ѻ͵ұֳ죬ȻҪ໨ǮܱȻöˡ
ǰһ˺þõ˼·Ȼʡ
ҶЦе˵԰ɣҲûбİ취ˡû·һ·ͽСҪϣûҲҪϡ
Ҷô˵ԴԼ
̩ɭեͻͱʷ̭ӡеʽեͻСɣʺϸֹӦãҶݵغһ棬ͣز鼮ϵĹУեͻνﵮͷԽԽǿҡ
ܹ裬Сգ벻˼ߣûûҲҪϡ
ɱѶˣҪɶɶûСಶǰѵһƻˡһˣһ޷ֹܡһܷɻڵʱõöˡ
һ̨ССեͻѻѵˣ
Ҷһϣбŷһؼĵط
ܵ㣬˼Ƭ̺Ȫӿ৶ֻƣͷɱǼͷ
ҶŽ׼ѡˡ㵵ؿͷɣƵͼֽԽԽӽĳΡҶرסˣֻʣһǻһֹϥǹǳ嶯
ֻͷֱͦһ˿عšϵĻСɽͷȥ͵ĸեͻݸ
˷̧ܵͷ˵ҰЩݸȥǰͬ¿Сսллˣ
Ҷҵǫæ˵ûɶæ̲Ұ¡ָҾͺܲˣ

Ҷ̼뿪õȡһ廨
廨ãװһȥ˺С
ҶõһΪש˺ܸɵĵү
ָҶһաҽ
־͸ġĴ塱ƵģҲǼٵġҶһɤѹɫŮ˲ɣ
˵ʮ廨⣬Ҫһ˵ġϢ˭ϢҶ򡣲˸Ҵȫȫˣʮ廨͸㡣
ڴͶѺһеû㱾ͻ첻¡һƬϢ治֪Ҷͨ١
˵꣬һ廨⵱
ǸòĵүʱҶһ׻廨Ҳˡ廨жôϡҲܾûһġô⡣ҶãˬӦ¡ɡ
ֱҶֹ֮˹ˣͷȻ˻Ϣ
ҪֱӸǮһܡ廨ȴһ˽ҪĲŵλӻ⣬ϵĹѾûӰ
ʮ廨⣬±ʮӻҪ
һУķܲУΨϢһġʱ䣬ĵشڸˣӳص顢һ䣬ƽʱĸӡ˸ͷʮ껹ɿ¶
дڸŷѹשͷ£˼ҪҪϢ£ڸǮ
ŷշûã˸ͷһ廨عǰŵûһ顣
ٻعͷȥѹשͷµţѾûˣһ˿˿ҲûУ뻯֮·аƵġ
һ쬵ط紵亹ֱðԺðͷʱɢøɸɾֱµˣҪŪ̫ˡŵƨ廨⣬Ų·زŵʧڽͷ
Ժ
Ҷŷϸһ顣
ԭûڸ»һţûֻ֤ڹơǸͷ½飬֤űʮ꣬Ƣꡣ껨˴һٿӼڸУڸм֮ʮͬƽ顣
бҵڸڴ˻ƣ52ط֯ˣ54Ǩββһ·ίԱ£59cгͳ˸
ͦ˳˳ˮģҶһҳİԣǰȻһνһˣ
ҶźסԼ۾
ļҳڸḻľҶֱǺ۾Ϊһڸɥʧ˽ȴûкӡ
ڲһ·٣ƮƮȻԣŸԼһͷcкذͷ˹ͷޡ
ּĵ꣬ڸȺֱַʳ˲Ǯơ帻гɶδдֱڸ¸һש߷ͷǰڸһٿ飬·ԺȾ¹ӣƱ
ڸ˼¸Ůְ֮ǵʳͳˮȢͷ
ĩˣڸﾭλĳĳԱУڿߪĿܡ
Ҷݼյš
ѹڸôҲû˹ܣƳӵĶӣԭǱ˳
Ҷֽǰ죬̸£ǰίǱߵ첻죿
ǰصؿҶһۡмϵ
Ҷǰһǵİ˳Զٷ𣿡
ǰ˼˵û⡣


73 
νּ, ǰȻڹϵڹԵʣɱҪ˴򽻵ǡмͬѧλ, Ҷ̫̫ǳԶٷҲ¡
ĩͷ
Ҷһȥί̫̫, ԲӪ궩˼λ̫̫ǳԷ
ҶƱͷӭ̫̫ǵĵ
ռպ̫̫ɷպ֯Ҷʱ, ΢ͣƬ, ŲĿ⡣
ôҲδ̫С, 񲻾ǷŮʿɩɩ
Ůֱ̫̫̫̫, һ, һСԲ, Ǻͨˣһ, ˻ûʼԷס
ƽЩԷˣֻǼҵЩ, ߶, ƽʱ˸Ӵ򲻵һһϳԷǿӦҶѡ
֮ǰѾ˴㣬ο϶ùİͳԷ
Ǽﾫϸܶӣ
Ҷбֻ⼸˵ɹ, ЦеֻͳԷĳĻһҲ, һ£һ·ӡ
ҿƽʱûЩʱֵĶɧҶ, ҶһʱỹҲӦЩ߹̫̫ǡ
ó˷͵СζĶɳں죬Ϳȥ˶˼ꡣ
̫̫绪ï㴩ƽʱأ˽ҲֵЩȰһЩȤ̲סҶȥ
ҶЦеͳһ֧˵ͣƽʱѩôѩֺأͿãͿͷǳ塣ͱѩζһЩšҸ˵cж򲻵ǽڵӻֻи۳Ǳ߲л
ĨһͿʸᱡζҷŮ˹Ȼ
̫̫Ͷ̫̫Ҷܶⷽ£һȥ
ҶЦе˵˵к͸۳Ǳߵ˶ȷĥִ󷽣ڻƹӣû򵽲Ҫһ顣
ҶƳԱһۣѸ޼ɵĿĲǱˣڸͷDDࡣ
Ҷ̸ͷͷǵҲΧ
̫̫Ƿ׷ԼԾԾԴҶͣҶԼȴԼıŻȥĵõسԼͷ̫̫ϸɻסDD
˵˷ˣ㡭͸ǵ𣿡
Ҷֵۣطʡô룿Ȼǣͳˡ¸𣿹ҲǳڼԼô
ЩҼλ͸ҵıǺŪʱֻֻһͨͨʦòЩð˸Ҽλ̫̫ĺöƽתóȥ
İ˹Ȼ˼
̫̫Ͷ̫̫ɫЦݶʱס񷴶˿
ʡںǮ
ҶЦе˵ζںһ֧飬ȷ飬ˮˮʮ顭
ȷʵԭۣûˮ֣ȴҲûһôϡĶûкйֻ̫̫ϲϲЦ׷״ҶͨŪЩûö´˺öǡ
Ȼֻһٰͷ߳˹Ӫ׽Ƶġ
Ҷ˹ӪƳһ۸߽˸ڵꡣ
ڸͷDDͷľĵ飬ÿµһ඼ᵽԲһٷŵ˳
߽һ̱ע⵽ҶǸǰԲί̫̫ǳԷŮˣڼͷ
ڸƽʱûڿ˼취Щλ򽻵ЩӶŵǼ̫̫ȴŮ̸Ц̫̫ǶΪأƺΪ˷ˡ
ӻûת˷˵Ǹ˷ˣԱߵĹ˷˱ͬʦ˼ҳ
Ҷһʱˣһûһظʦҳذѻʳͳ
ʦغͿ˵Ҫ˵ͰȻǳʳͳե㣡
Ҷʡĸѣ
ʦˬЦĸѣȫвһcеĴ˭֪ѹ˸ðõû˵˵ľӣեر㣡
Ҷ˵ŶԭǸѰˡ˵ôãڲôǰ
ңίxx̫̫ʶyyίԱ̫̫Ҹ˵ǶҹԷѵĸ棬ĹУͰͳͿˡ˵Ҫд鷳ඣʦ㻹ţҪǲż͵ſ֣ұ֤ڳѵĸ군군Ӿ군
ҿû֤µҪȫſ¶Ҫһץһӡ
亹ֱðץסŮ˵ʲô˼
ֻŮ˼˸ëǮ߳꣬һСγ
ί̫̫ǳԹСγ֪ڸû֤
ȫ״̬ͷûͷð亹
ҶСγЦе˿ڹǰ²ص˵㶵ĳƱ˵׬ʮ飬ЩǷˡ
˵ţĳƱǰĿڴʦģȥϴţ
ǰ̲סһһỵ̂һֻסҶԴ
ûϴȻϴͷ˵˵ʲô¡
Ҷùǰʾͣˣ³ӶͳһţǮһƱȥݸ˴ڵĿԱ
صԺҶֺǺǵصȡ廨⡣
һֻҶһ廨⡣ʳõĴʦѾֲ֣ذ
Ǳ˾ͲһˡÿÿҪһΡһųӴĴڣû˳
ҦԱߵŮˣҡҡӣĽ˵ǰͷҰôûûôǼҶʳ⣿
ŶӵҦһĻҧ˫͸һ˿м
˵Ľ˼ҡһͷҰгһ졣
ĵŮѵһֱ˳˳ⲻãȻСռһЩˣȴáƽʱӡѼӡҰʲôĽⲻմ˼ĵĹˡ
ٹһȫʳָȺȨƵһ֮УҶĹ⻷ôҫҦòȻˣԽǸߵ֪Ժʮˤöҡ
ҦѸԴ⣬뿪ʳá
Ҷǡ·˷뵽Լ͵ıĵķֽס
ҶЦе˵Ķأôˡȡ廨⣬Բ꣬һȥ
ͷһθоԼүһأ˼̧ͷҶ
Цֿ죬æ˵ллɩӣҾͲˣ
ҦԵѣƬ׻廨ʧؿ˰죬૵˵˵гһ죬ܱûкãôôĽ
Ҧ΢΢Ƭ̣üš˵ˣͬ־ڵ˼ΣգԿҲһС
һĻش̽˵
һʲôҦȰԼڵ㹻ɵһһȿţųԵ塣ֻĲ߻δҰģֹôһ㣬ôô׵һ֮
ҦУǰһźԶžװģ컨ϱһöǺ֦ҶӢҫۡҦԶɫһӰ
ǰ㷢ҶĲԾͺˡ
Ҧ֪Ҷ⣬ȴһҲû͸¶˲ŻС˵ŴڵĽָˡ

գҶõһ廨ݷ
һϢҺͼͬü죬եͻƸ嶨ˣϿУͲʵˣҪǸЧեͻʻ㡣
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Цеش龫Ĺӣ龫ݸ
⼸ˣ
Це˵࣬ٿҲֵãʮأ˵Ҳøл㣬˵ĵӶ࣬ȷʵһ˵˹ؼĵطҪû㣬եͻ»֪²޺á
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74 
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½յüͷչ, Ҷեͻ顣ӵϢ˵һɨϵĳݡ
һ磬½æк˰ѻcеһ
եͻұֳͻϸұֳ, Ǹɸ졣
½ϵشӴӼﱧһС㣬Сȥжٿ޻, ½ѾЩեͻͶ˽飬˵եͻһ͵ġ
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뵽ЩҹߣӡҲ, ҴææǮӣٿ쳵似װжեͻ龰, ˫䵽ʵء̤̤ʵʵĸо
ͳļǸ̲סһ, ½ǿྡ
еԱᣬðٸне̲סȥʹʹؿһѩֱһ
Я֣ŻļǸͼ, æµɵظեͻ
½˵½, Ҹեͻ33
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ҪҪԼĺļǵһεĹϣһרҡڽ⡣һҪչԼĺĿƼԼ˲Ŷ飡
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75 
½Ҷһϯ, ˼áû뵽һͨͨѧʦ˵Ļ½ǲ
һԼڴӹ߶մմϲ, ڻعͷʧмȡѵ, ò˵ȥԼȷʵ嶯ȱ顣ȥľ壬ͬʦȽϣө¹⡣
½ϿҵҶôҿƸʦͳ, ֧˲Ŷ𣿡
칫ʦ, 㵵ؿ½
һͳȻѧУǽ, УҪڳ»ᱻ
Ҷϵؾܾ, νҵר, ֻһ齳, ̽黹У¿ΪҡҪ½Ϊ, Լȥѵӳץ𡣡
½Ҷһϯ, ȵ뿪һС
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ҶЩЦؿЩĿ⣬ͷֿԼǰʳʮ︻ǿۡɰǡи߼㣬һʲƵı꣡
ǡʳҶﻹȱ㶫Ѿӹ׬˽ǧ⡣
칫ҵʦǿҶϵʳĽ, ʮ︻ǿ, ûôľϸˣ
򻧼ÿֻܵõƱͨ˼Ҫɰǵܵ, ҲͳĴӣôʳ
Ҷͬ۵ЦеذϵЩʳָ˴ҡ
ЩһҲԲ꣬ﶼһɡǿҾͲˣҵˣĸѧõ˸ƾҾĸ԰ͷ
칫ʦѣÿӷһɰǡ
ѧҲȸԾһѵóһپϸõƾȻͷԣ
еѧﲻסˮסʡʦأ˳ƾûͷ𣿡
ʮ︻ǿȻ٣ָһ꼶ѧԾͲˣÿ˿ֵֻܷȭͷСͷοҪָѧ
ڡʳ󻧡ԣʮĸǿʲôǲǾţһë
Ҷ΢Цţˬصͷ˵УУ޶ͷԣһ£
ȸԾػΪܳԵ硢ͷҸ

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ǴߵСգʣ㣬ˣлл㣡
Ҷ˵Ŷˣ÷÷ɣ
ҶǼӣܽԼΪʲôõʳ
һʳĽȫӡ֤Ҷ֮ǰĲͶñͶӰ
ͬľڲͬѧϣȻͶֵͬв죬Ļر᲻һ
ͬľڲͬҲһҶıһӵˣեͻıһˣȻӰûжĲ𣬿߷ķΧͬ
եͻƹ㵽ȫӦãõʳࡣ
ַĴĦҶƵ˼׬Ǯʽö˷򣬲ܵõߵıꡣ

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Ϊʳһжֵãٶ١ϸֲֿ֡
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˵ڸﲻҵϢͬҲֻн
˵֪ĸӢģɵúãΪҺ˵öỤ̊ڸ棬һٴζ
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ĳɱ˵ţֵ죬ûȶȡ
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ʳճ벻Ʒ֮أȱˮﻹɻѵ߻ЧʣǾǽԼʳ
եͻԼϣÿԶ18ʳͣ
Ϊͳʹˮߣ6㣬ÿͳһԹڸصר̽áѧϰѽڵһԶڵˮƽ
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76 
һҽԺ
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ʶʵڸ, һûʹȥ
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ԭڸͷĳҪùķ, ԽԽšڸץȥο϶, ߬ڸ̰ܻܶߵ֤, ڸµѾĴ, Ҫʰ
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ǧҪĻˣĻ˺治ˣޣʦھĿе

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ԭƻեͻ滻豸˭֪»òˣԭʮþȵ飬ѹյһݡ
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ҶԼЧ̫ˣôһҶû׬
ӺȻһ֡
ڸ̰۵Ǯɳսɣȥûǹ黹ͳǹ黹Уٰ۳ҹ黹ͳ
ȻǮܻ鵽ͳȻͳõֵһ㣬޴
кܶ;Ʒȥ⿼졢ͬⶼҪõ㣬ѧ벻㡣ҶҲòϣĿǰļƷԶԶȹڡ;أ
ÿܻ㶼жһĳɱȹٷɱ˲֪ٱʱԪ12ŵ䣬Ҫ˵õһʱǮҲһԪ
ҶϽ绰½ǳǷǮ𣿡
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ϵ˵ܺã½ҵڸ̰۵ͳ
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Ҫ½˼Զ飬һ޳ѧҪǻȥˣ취һûôˡ
½ŻظҶллʦѡ
½˰Ҵҵȥίһˡ

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˶һֻÿϡȱλŶ붼ﻹи˶һأ
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ڸŸղȥйϵкԼҪһһЩ㡣
ĩҦһϸȥ󲮼ңҦʦ绰ȥѯʣͬ־ǼֶŮгĴ㣬ڳＯһЩ㡣Ŷúúãˡ
˵绰ֶŮ˵ֵίԱ˵ǱѾ黹ͳˡ
ҦüǰϢ˵ͳûҪĴ㣬ôȻıˣһեͳҪĵط
ѵܸ
ҦʦЦе˵﹩繩Ӧˣľͳ˼ҾҪҲû취ϧˣҪҪ㣬˸Ҳԡ
˶磬˽˶һôˣѾ黹ȥˣҦ껹˵ʲôֻԼ˵㡣
Ҧ˸ͳͷգһ龫һϸȥݷóεĸ
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ȻҦְᣬû߽ͷһϤӰֻҵСƽҶЦеѩԴ
٩ʦƵסɶɶ
ѩָмظҶ˵˵ʦѣҪǳǱòˡû뵽ô֡
ͨϰ뵽ôãֻٵҪ칫˲Żʱһһȥ
ҶЦЦҡͷ˵ӡ䡢յ绰ܶ෽ĲƷ㶼򵽡ҪǲԿƣǱ϶ЩʱڵӻˡǮǣҲϣǺú㣬ֵ
Ҧ߬žϸ龫ֽճȭͷ
Ҷû뵽ӰӣҦѾܿҶ𣬵û뵽Ծɱ޿ɱܣȻ޿ɱܣҪԽǷô졣


77 
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½˹, ֣Ѿͷ󺹡ձ֪ԼҲû취һֱȥ
ʹع½ǰϵġԲ, ҵĴ̫СˣҶԲ
ˮյʱ, ڸðǩûкúüҵĹҪЮңҲҸԡ
ڵϺޣ½ȽŲϵظԼ顣
½һʱ֮䲻֪Ǻεζ, ֣·, ΢Ц˵лл̹ס
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˭Ƕˡ˭Ӧøм½˭桢˭Ӧ, Ҳ
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ֵ֪Լ˸˵˶ɵˣ͸ƵĽͰ͵˵һ䡣
ҡҡ𣿡
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½۽ЦƵôУרҵģڳʮ꣬û˱ϤѡȻȱ飬ӽѧϰܸͷҰ㱨ҹУ顣
ζ˵˰ûĻҲѧµǲϳԿࡢ㣬Ժúøɣ
ִҡһ䣬ͳĹ˷׷ףأ°ϵõĹסֻɰǡûǮҲͼߡֻˮ
½ִ󷽣ֱӲʮﻨ͡
˫ֳŶػصҹϲѶ辪ȵþþòźǿֿЦȫһƬ֮С
˵Ӱ֣Ժۼҵȫ˶Բԣ
صͷֺǺǵ˵УȫС޶Ҫ飬Ҿһ·ѧ裬ǵðϢʦԶٷ
ʦûСѩѧˣҽôණдס棬г͵Ļͣ
ͷŸ˵ȥѧУҶ
գҶҳԷ
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Ȼָʳ͵ĹӦÿŶӵ˷ǳࡢ𱬣賿ŶӲõ͡Ҽһȱˮԣõ˼͸ȥҶǲȱǮȥҲ򲻵һ㻨͡
ʱҶûٸǮСʳ廨⣬֪ǲȱͳԱ˻͡
Це˵Ҿллǵˣ
ᵽ½û飬Ҷ˺ܸˣǰѵλˡ½ⷽһ㶼
ָ˵˵ǹʱò㣬½Ǯͳ޶顣
Ҷ˺ܾȣ½жɣ룡
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ѵҪΪᷢѣôõĻ
˸߲ҵ˵һѻͷʦһģƵʡʦʲôôԣ
ҶЦе˵ûʲôƿ͸ôأ
ȫֵùЦѩ˵ʦԹȻû˵ôԶ㣬㲻壬ȻǸöΨУܴһζҪûͻ㡭
˵㷸ﻹԣⲻǰװ˼ź
ҶȤ˵ԺҪ϶ҪûһллǵĻˣ

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Ҷ뿪ųʮﻨͻؼңһ·ӭļⲻһ䡰СգͦģĴģ
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һѵĻͣĴָѵĻȫǣȫеΪˣ첻ŶӣȻȴûõֻ͡㣬֪ζ
ҶѧУ͸ǿۡ͸߼ġɰ»ûȥãתۼֱҳʮ͡ʦôãɱƭȥʦ
⻰˺÷÷ЦЦ˵ȻΪʦ˺ãôĺҪô˵ЩũС복ɽô˵
ĳɩܽҶãΪȻصͷ
÷÷ҡҡͷǵģҪ֪ɶ¾Ͳ˵áҪʳҵҲأ
ƶ˰÷÷˼ʳ۲Ӽ㶼ˣ
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仰İѴЦˣ÷÷ǿóֽǿҶԵ
ǱֽƶͯطУ԰ıǳͳ¼ˮߡԼʳϹĸлڼԺĹ֪
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ǰ˵ͷһ»дʵؾҪƳţΥѧʶһ׮׮طɵ˲а
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ǣҶƵƵʳ£һķʽ˴ˡ
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ĵʲôҲøͿкܶʳͳǼ³ڣҶֻǸϵðˡڵĹҲܰҶͷϣҦںܵޱȵĻĵ

ҶصҺû㣬׼ȵͷָڡ߳űԡŴů塢Ŀ⣬ҪǳǰȷϹԼŵ壬»ΪԼѿˡ
ﻨ͸Це˵Сգ½Ҳʮ͡ʮͣʮףһٿĽ
۾гһ죬Цø͵͵ƵģڿǴԺˡ
Ҷûü˼뿪ܼȥǶ·ϵھӱѵΧھȿֺ˵Ҷҵ𣿡
СգϱӰɣ˳˳ӣ
ʦŮҪбҵˣԴף˳ר𣿡
Ҷ˼˽࣬ص΢Ц
ЦеصȻԡ
Ҷţζ˵ҪúùҪ˳˳Ҫú顭
ǵԸһԴǵ˵Ȼַ⽨ŵҸΪǷǳȡģ
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쵼°ִԺļȽѧϰ׷εȻɷ磬̫ɽ𣬸ɵҲûлȥ˼˼֮˾壬ʮο
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Ҫͺˣؼȥɣ
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78 
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תһҶǰʱ򣬿ûʲô˵˱ڿ, ܼҰˮѼкܶʳʳͶɲؾ
ҶĻ, Ⱥ֮дһ˵úãͶٵģ
˵ǶҶһĴָԥعƣϡϡ, Ҳ, ˻ҵ
ǰʱ˵ž, ܷ⽨, ֪˫ֲ׬Ҹ
ЩҶһļһ, Ҷ, ҪΨ塣
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ҶȺѷи߸߾ݸǰ, Ҫȥ͵㶫
ǰóĸ첲˳, ЦضЩھ˵λǸҺͰ˻, ʧˡ
û뵽ھǻҵķӦҶΧˮйͨ
ǰִ׷ֳ϶ܹǵĸܡ
ʵҲȺھӣ˭ӶĵĿñ˼ӼҰˮѼ¶̲סҶ˲һ£ÿζˢ±˵ʶ
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Ҷ͹ǰһѷ͵ҡ
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ҶЩ죬Ƕ˵ְյ֯ϵĵ
ǫֻƽһ֪ʶӣǵһյݲĵȻ費ݣڶӳΪһ֮Ѿϰ˽ӵֻܵĵ
Ҷӣܿǫյġܵôһ£ķȻȣȻ𾴣ۿˮ⡣
Ҫȥصĵھоȥ컪ĵһöԭӵ
ȵؽӹУһװһ㡣
㻹ڵģһŨζեĻͣζŨƮڽ֭ϵ׺żŴл˵ܰ
ϲ˵ѽ㣡þûζˣ
⻹Ǻôһ㣡ССĺˮȫ˷˸׳죬Ĵָ糤㻹ܼӰҶôȴǺʳÿ»ܴ򵽼⣬ȴǡһѰ
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軹ûӹ֪ǳѵĻͣǱȡȷҪεĶԺöȥŶӶûͣû뵽Ҷͷ
ůò֪ӦԡҶֻһǲ
ӣЩԵġõĸǣ˶֪ôл㡣
ҶЦе˵̲Ҫô룬ǶǰǺֵܣƽʱûٰǰæѵӣҡҰ㣬һ֣ӺܿͿȥˡ
ĬĬƾĹףõɽ亣ζƶһȴûһǿ¼ǲ
Ҷ֣ҲûȥԷˡ
ǰ֮жĨһ۽ǣͷԶ˵ɩãǷǺˡҪסݶ飬ԺֵһҪ֡

Ѯȫеѧӭѧ
Ȼʱ±ķΧʮʵѵ˺ܶ࣬ƾһõשܶҳżĺ˳ר롣
һеıҵֶظϰߵĶż䡢ſޡ⺤̼ʡ
бҵвμӿԣҶǸɼǳϲˣһϵѧר¼ȡߡר¼ȡʼͣҶǸѧȻһ뿼רζѧУ⻬¬ա
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ҶǸѧúãɼҲܲȫǵõƾʦҪǳһͷ
ϸ㣡ΪһͷҲԴʹѧϰ
רѧУ¼ȡ֮󣬳ѧԼĳɼ׷ӿȥҶ֡ͷ
ҶЦе˵Уȫзݡ޶ͷԣʮ︻ǿҶúõظأ
ҶȥһǮʱ˸󷹵ʦȡһǿ˼ͷѧУԭʳãΪĵԵʣʳ͹ŵˡ
һʳ¿˻ʦ賿㿪ʼͷѧУƮСζѧˮֱ
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꼶ѧʦͷﲻסصˮǮС쵽ԼͷŶطһؿԼͷֻѩȺͷһ
۵ؾͷſˮҲóԡ
еıҵ⻶һĻϴ硢ǷǳƽͣûȥĽ㾫ϸﴷضֻû߿ǽҲһԱ
Ҷͷ󣬰ȥ޶¼ȡѧУ
ѩ־ԸѩֱһеĸвǮСɱũҵеѧԺ¼ȡߵˣȻ󲿷˱רв˸С
ר޶һɫرѧУʲô·еˮҶ˺ο
ֱҶǮСɵ־ԸʡôѧУ
ǮС㷲ؿҶߵ˵ΪʳҪҿϺܶ˶ŶӣʱҲΪʳһͺˡ
ҶȻжԴ


79 
ǮСɲ˵ʦ, ҲСǵĸûǾȥ
ǮСɿеġǡָĸĸҶľ
ҶСɱרҲúѧϰԲԣ
ǮСصͷ, ҿ϶ģҵǰҵרѧ֪ͨ˺ʦһҪҰǡ˭Ҳ, ʦҲغ
ҶԴЦе˵£֪ͨ鵽Ҿ͸ɣʦ, ʦȥѧУ
ǮСϲ, ضҶ

еĿԸչû, ߿Ӷ
˵ʵڲ, ҶҲǲμӿԵԱ֮һƤ, Լѧһ鿼Ҳ֮ء˿ԴΪܡ
ǵЦ, ضҶʦӰѾ
ʦúøɣ
Ҷس֣һһ΢Ц
ֱ½˼Զ˵ʦúÿ, ҪԼѧ
ȫʮĿͶҶҶһְȺץһٵĳ嶯
İĿ׷׿Ҷ, ʮ־˳, ԭΪѧû뵽Ȼʦڵ˲ʮǻᣬ˻ڿԡʱ¾ѣÿѧڿѧǼ
, ҶõԾϸ, ˱ɵ৴⡣һСʱдĿ˿һԾˡ
ĸ߿ȫԺУ, ˵Ļǻ֪ʶСѶȲ

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Ҷ˵õƾƾͿתʦҺܿ㣬С˵ѧ̵òѧȥ̸вô
칫ʦȤУסඣ˼С
УЦǱСЦˣСգ󣿡
Ҷͷ
Уû·ϣҪҶеĴѧʾļ־ģֱôÿ
ȫÿëǵļӱ¼ȡһܳһѧݷˡ
У˽Ҷȴ칫ʦ˽ͬ¶ˣҶļ²˹Ŀ࿴ģ
˵ͬһķۺһĹǸɽʦĵ׵ط
ҶһܽḴϰϵı£ѹþ׼ϡ˻ܿϣ
ȫǵļҳһһеĸϰϣҪǱҵʦŽԼĿģѱҵĸϰȫһѧãҶʹȫˡ
Ʋ㲻ۣٿ֮ǰҶѧµĸϰΣʦȥûĸ޵ġҪû㱾£ҶҸѧΣ
΢Ц˵ǻ治ǿЦУڻܻ¸ʦȵŰͳˡ
仰˵꣬칫ҵʦЦ

߿ѧУ꼶Ҳ½½ؿʼĩԺһʽ١
ҶûԼһǧҶùݲֿ⣬һżϵҶΪ޻ԵʣҶ½˲Ҷ飬½ˬضٽҶ
ʦӦ˵Сһ׮ѣ˵ڹ˶ܺȵôõĲˡ
·ȣڸµĻҵҪˮ֣ˮֹʣʧΪһ
볤ͳҵϵĻе쳧ұֳҲӵҶ½ϣʹذԲʣµĲҶβĲҶۼ15ԪһһǧٽҶһ2250Ԫ
Ҷ֪ͨǣյżٵ˳
￴Ҷ˵ҪʣµĲҶǮֻǼٿ顣û뵽򿪴һȴһʾ޿
˴ϵĿİ͵ػ˵ˣҡû뵽ҶôǮ
űĴĸ֣ȵ·Ҫһ
Ѵ۷˼飬Ծ˵̫ˡ̫ˡϴǵǱǮʳѾ㹻ԵˣǮͷǵúúôáȫ˶лʦȫܹꡣ
˸߲ҵظҶһϢǴ˼֪࣬ĸɲϷˢˢŪһСѧֳɵһǮһͷ˵˵һѧ
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Ҷܸˣһ£˵ϵǮܸ׬һʳ
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Ѵ󣬴ƤȡɹɵɽĢݥ轡ӣȡ˼ϸϸҰɽΡ
ЩСǺǵɽڵģֵɶǮʦƽʱϿηѾɽˮȲ塣
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뿪֮, Ҷھǰ಻סԼĺģյſһۡסߵĶǸɲǰͲ¥ھӲһ, Եȴһ
ҶǻᣬԭΪ̫, û뵽ھȴǹǰޡ˵ǰ»̫̫ǴģദЩĦ
ǲɫع۲˼죬ⲻ۲컹ã۲̬޷άƽ⡣
ҶǼġʺˡ, ͷֻѼӸصĺóԵĶ, 廨⡢, ζûϹ, ֪ôۡ
ѧշ, ָҶͰھȻ˵˸Ҷͼɹɵɽ, ˵һ£Ŀһ¡
ʦĶ治, Ұ˲𣿡
ЩĢɹͦõģСյԵ治, Ķôϲ
ҶػصҰǼСæ, Щл񡣡
ҶЩЦõؿǴӲСΣǸ뷱ܣÿһ˾޹ȻͷСȴС
ҰɽεΪϿ, ֻڸɽ֮, ÿֻ1gҶҰɽҲмʮꡣ
ϹȷʵƧûʲôõóֵĺö, ũֻܿɽɽװһҰɽΣܶòŹһСҶֻоǺ֡
ҰɽǺϡıǰԺǸƶӳǻǵòǰմս˺صˡ˵ҹϵ˲ΣҰλҶЩ󣡡
Щл񡱿治ᣬ롣
Ǹӳ˵ɶţҶϿηѾЩɽȥݲˮȡЩòɵһ飬Ѿʲô£ʦĸ񣬲Ѿʦ
ҶҰɽκúõղ˵ôһ£öȻô˷ѡ
Це˵ҪǻƶӳҪɽοңʣµ˲ҵøǰš
ЩֻҶ滰ǰǲܵģòˣòҰ˲ΡԶڣǲ龫ǡͿ࣬Ҷ˲ξĵذã֧˲θǫ
ھӰҶĻ˳ȥƶӳļ˱Ȳ
ƷҶ֣ллͬ־̫лˡ
ҶЦĴʮǫü֮Դǵ˵ôԼˡǶǸսѣӵ꣬ҪʲôǮߣ
ƶӳͬ־ǵ͹ҵĶһҰɽʲô
סһƬĶǸ߼ɲƷ˻ĨӰҪ˼ôĶǮ򵽵Ķ治ֵǮǷµǹصġ
ƷʮָжҶͷεⷬ䵽ǳһƵֿȳһʵ˵ⷬܲˮ֣Ҷһģȴŷ
Ȧˡ
֮Ҷˬص˵ǮһʮŴʮ
ǮȻ࣬Զ缸ʮ󳴵۵ҰɽΣȴһʾ޿ʮݵҰɽθ㲻ϼϡĶ
ʵûǮôһǷ顣ҶֵＸ
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Ǯէ֮ĿͦɹۣҶͷȲϣҶǮ뻹׬ࡣ

߿ϺҶŵԣ˸Ⱥѧĵ繤֪ʶݡֱ
һȺѧ˴˵е¸ţ̧ͷβ롢ͷҪǵɳɳ졣֮кܶбҵҲûͨѧܰʦѧվͶѧ㣬ȳҪѧվˡ
Ҷ֪ʶ㣬ͷײЩԵ񲻽ҡҡͷϰʮ֮һ棬¸ڴѧ̸ˡ
˵̸ѧЩȻһͬѧĵ˵ʦҲ棬ʽһͷ衣
Ѿܲõҵ֤Һ֪㡣
ûõҵ֤Ҳ֪˨DDһɤŴͬѧµ
ֲ´˵ʦɼû㻹һܿùǡ
ɿټһͣ˼ԶȥĴĬʦӣ۷ֶû֡
Ƕò̾˴ڣѧ٣ͷԳɼ˶á
Ҷѵòͷؿ½˼Զѹʱôţ
Ҷʰýѧģߣɫ֮ƽĪŷСЦ˵ȵȿܲܿǡ
һܺ1960ĸУϿԳɼ˵Ҫˡ
ǰʮ꣬УʵеĻǵΧڵԣ1952껪ʵ˵һθУͳһԣ׳Ƹ߿ҶһĿÿһҪġѧѧγʶʷأһţ졣
ҶȻóƣĿƷƽƽ²½˼ԶȻóĿƣƷǳÿ˵ɾɾ񶼲ࡣ
Ҷ½˼Զǡ⼸˭ܿ߷֣ûй֮ǰ˭Ҳûס
ʦȻǿĿƿɼǳһ㡣ƽʱҪϿѧΣظϸϰΣΪתæýŲմأʱѧϰĿƣܶѧôġ
÷÷ҲЩˣôҶǰҶרŲϰġʷأҶȱȱתһ룬Щǲóƶϵģ˲аС
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εĿ£УֺǺǵزµ绰µίԱ칫ѯʿ
绰ﴫ˰칫ίԱԭһеУٸѧûüͳƳѧУ꿼úðرã
Уظáһ漣ضЦеػͷʦ˵رãû쵼ڱǣͷÿʦ
绰˶٣²˵õѧСҶѧУѧ޿˲𣬺öƶ֡
УһذѻõѧУШDDҶ
ĻȻһתʶԣҶʦѧ
УǱʶûҶμӸ߿£ֻһЦȥˡ
һеĸرãһر롣˼ԴһУҶòתôܻȥѧѧһҪҹ
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칫ʦһֳ︡Ц⣬һ֮Ȼ
û뵽ʦȻ˵һ˵ϣϸȴ֮СǰǶʱ䣬ʦֻдšҺſ⼸֡ûʵ־Ը
Լûģ˷ʱȥѧΣ
У˵ϵıƻãðҲûУɼ
һӹͲãҶʦߵʦѧһУȷʵһнĿ
һŻͲһ৵ؼݡ
㵭رųɼ߷֣Ҳǽʡ߷֣ʦ֣Ŀ5֣֣ʷؿʮ֣֣ɼҲǸ߿߷֣ܷ782֡
ǣܷ672֣ܷ639֡мһѧ֡
÷÷סĵţʮֲƽҶ̫ˣǿóϵغãܿڶϤ֣½˼Զܷ492֣֣ܷ438֣430֡
˵420ϵͬѧ־Ըпܱ¼ȡ
Ҷȷ߶࿼360֣꿼Դѧͬѧȥ࣬мһѧ˴ѧ÷÷еĳɼ֮һо·ۿ
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̲סѧɼô̶ܱȡҪǰѧҲҶ⡰աǻö山ĺӣ
ֱڣΪʲôûԼｲΣʧ״ԪڿΣǽõ״Ԫ


81 
ҶĶ, Լѧ֪ͨ飬ַѧһʮͬѧ󲿷ֶ˸, ʮѧĳɼר¼ȡ
꼶2~5ѧר¼ȡѧУõ֪ͨ, ҶЦ۾סֲ鿴һ²ֿ⣬׻Ĵסǿ۸ۿɼٶȱࡣ
Ҷȥңֽ֪ͨѩ
ֺϢ, ĵ۾гһ졣ھӷѩ˸߷ȴ˸, ʧھ, ҪҪȥС
ֺǺǵ˵ϵȻͣ
Ҫûʦ, Ǽҵĺӱ˵ܿϸ, ǳܱܲҵ˵һֱΪɷմʦĹű, γɸҪȻͳ˼ʮ꣬զɶ¶ûֵ, ôʦһƵ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ֻҶĸ, ûڸ, ڳɵ϶ܱ½ʶƾԶﲻҪ󡣵ڸ̰ܻߡãְ½֮е½̬, , ѧܴ
Ƕʱǰʦǰܺҳϵһ½ۡ
һظмҶ, ʦ˵ѩиãԼѧʦôԶ˶˵ˣôӶһûģ
ĴѧϾǷëǰĴڣùȻǺãһͥ˵ܴľЧԶһר
轾˵ʦ˵СѩѧǾָż﹩һѧˣ
Χʧˣȡ֮ھǲڶĹϲף
ŵļ磬С칩һͷţ˵ˤȲˣţʮ飬Ҫ𣿡
ţʮ飬۸ߵͨ˼ҳܲҪǸǰһ֮ۡ˺ˬشӶͳŴʮݸ֡˵˸ҪףʦҲȸϲơ
˸߲ҵõǮϷɱţѹȫߺȳȥŶţ⡣
Це˵ʦǼҳɣȥţˡ
Ҷͷ˵ãҺþûţˡ
ͳǮСɵ֪ͨ飬ѩǮСһ
һᣬǮСͷ󺹵ңӨĺ鲻סشĶǹ£˵ϴ鲻Խϲ⣬һݱ㼤Ҷʦҿˣ
ҶͷǲкЦ⣬ϲСɣ㿼ȫУһ
רȫУһǮС¶˲ŵ飬ڵһˮ⡣
һϢǲʤϲֿЦĴָ˵С̫гϢˣû뵽⺢ģһСԺҪԵ㷹˼˵רġ
ѽˣȫУһС۳ѩ̽˵
ǮСɽ֪߬ͨ飬ؿ߰˴βȷȷʵԼģðζ˵
ҶǮСɵԴ֪ͨ㱣ܺãʦȥѧУ
Ҷ֪ͨȥ˱ѧ﷢֪ͨ顣
һ·ȥҶЦöϲ£ѧҳҶһԷףҶһ춼ܿģŽĵִ߽оֱѧްҨDD
ʱ޼ҵȫ˶ڴϣްżҶһ
Ҷ̶ֶ̼첻ǰкݵöӱˣкֱͦͦվţһ͡
ް֪ͨĸѧУʦˣ޼ҸĸŷӦӴȵ˼·ϡ
ްĸĸǱ¸ڵĹˣÿһٵÿľȼάơÿֻһ٣û¸ɵʱڴűģ˵ȽϽʡʳû뵽ѧУʦŷ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ʱ˸졣
ްлеʦŷ֪ͨ飬Ÿθʦ˵Լȥѧתһ룬Ҳ⡣ɴʦԼ
ʦɣ֪ʦҪûʰЦˡ
ҶɨһȦ޼ҵ׸Ѿˣֻǽ߷Сɡżǰͷĳʱѧĵسͷްȴûгһڡ
Ҷްεؼ״žȾн޼Ҹĸٿݵѧ˸ڼʵĸܡ΢΢̾Ϣ֮ûκ˿⡣ˡ
ް˵ʦҲˣҨDD
ϲ㣬רǰֻ12λͬѧ¼ȡߡҶѧĻ
ҶɶɶȱΨʳȴǲȱģ˭ҲܶԼѧҶֻҪʳ⣬ǶǴ⡣
Ҷְѧ֪ͨݸްϷƵĴӶͳʮнƱ
ްȵЩƱɴ۾ɬʣʲôʦ
Ʊŵ£Ʊްģؿš
ҶЦеظѧ˵£ȻӦʦӳʮƱšʦģ㹤ٻʦ
ްĸĸҲҶĴֱסˣм˵ʦҲףʮʳ̫
ʮƱԻԼʮĲĿǰ㹻һ˳ϴˣ㹻ֵȼ
û뵽һ׷ǹʵʦȻԸ֧ԮƱ
ƱǺĶʳһһʳҲͿԾȻһ
Ҷް֣ĳصȻרҪȥһܺõĻᣬѧУÿ¶ʳʵڳŲסԸһд룬һеġɫ㷢Ȼ࣬ÿҲʮ顣
ްۿ΢΢ʪƱþò

Ҷ¼ȡ֪ͨһ֪ʱʦ취ϵ
ŴǰˮĽֵڱɪϵ˺٣ԶҶմcǻ֣Ҳܶ˶ްһڼٻʡʳֵҲսࡣ
Ҷʱϲ˼ĿĵԼĿĺ壬ΪʲôֱʳĽһЩɢҵϢӺȻһ
νͶ¸ֻǱĶҶ۵Ƕʱǵõǿڵʳ
ݹõʽʱ漰ѧп߿ıˣĿѧҡ󱳾ļģһ¶ܲģغӰйء
ҶŬӦνļģزٵðѧϰǿЩѧõ֤ҶȻҧ˫۷վ
ֱ״̬ѾˣʾҶҵԼİ
Ҷ˷Լĺֿ̨⣬ط100⣬ϸ߿ϺۻЩһ567⡣
DDֱ乧ϲʦѰҵ񣡡
ֱӭһѩĵĻݣʲô£
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˻֪ϢʦǸɴȥҶﱨϲѶ
Ҷļɨǡͬ־Ůͬ־ǺԺҪŮɨä£ԻҹУҡͷԡ
ҶȥҹУƽʱæûȥġ
칫ҵͬ־˵ٲǷżпҹУѽҹУĿõƾöũľɩ࣬õĻᣬҶһҪȥɩһ̶Ҳ۴ԺʣɲҶ۴Ժĺȡ
Ҷһоեͻ֮󣬾ҶǴȥĸУ춼ʹãﻹȱ⼸ɨäΣ
Ҷʲôʱ˴ԺĺȣǵñֽϿŹڷեͻ£Ȼдģڶ߾Ҷ»ûȥãﶼҶıˣ
ҲҶˣСѾǳеʦЩѾˡ˵ѾμӸ߿˵Ѿ˸еĻ֪ʶ
칫ҵͬ־縺ŸŮͬ־ɨä񣬿ĵȰ˺üң˼ҵľɩǳӻԾرֵҶéʯͷֳӲ̵úܣ
ͬ־˸ۣ˵߿Ǹ߿ֲõƾҹУƾģ
Ҫ˵һ䣬ҪһڿڳԣƾҲҪһáûǸ꣬ԽûĻԽҪǫѧҶƾûһͬ־ѧʱ䳤ײңС
һʲôУйǰķݣ
ҶȥҹУʾ԰ҶԱߵŮͬ־Ц
ǳ˳Լͬ飬Сسˣ˼ĿأֻŸƾ˵ΪԼǴѧϣһƾʲô
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УЦúϲ£죬٩СҲǵģؼʱӰҲţѧ֪ͨԼѧУȡˣ⺢Ӿвס
һеУҶ߿ʡĵһöƶ֣ϲˣ
칫Ȱ˵ļλŮͬ־˵ԭأɨä౨紵û죬һŮͬ־Լһ㣬ɫӲʣ
ʲôһҶܿʡһ
һŮͬ־عڨڨʣǸղ˵Ǹ߿ɣҶܿһ
÷÷ϲ˵ܺ㲻ɣûпЦҶǴԺҪһƴѧˣǶôٵ飡
÷÷һ˸ϲ⣬Цúϲ£죬ϢһϲĵЩɨäļŮͬ־Ρ
οüë·Ц˵ͬ־˰ɡСպܴڿ̿࣬ʡĵһȷʵҪȥҹУˡ


82 
칫ҡ
Ҷĸ߿ɼϢûü칫, ࣬칫
һλŮͬ־˵ҶͷۣĻ̶ȵɩӶǻ, ͷã˻󣡡
ܶɩӻԾҹУ, ҶȴûһЩɩ˵֮ѧϰͷ
һͬ־˵ͬ־ҪӣҪ˵ѧϰô㶪
ҦҶܾҹУ¹ȻϱһģһϱҶĨӾܾҹУΪܾ±˷ĵ, ͹ǰһܡ
Ҧ˵ɨä»ҪԸԸΪ, ҶˡξͰѧϰϺͱʼ˳ȥ, 󲿶һѧϰֻҪҶǵʼǡ
ɩ׷ױʾҦķ̫, һҲչ˵ЩĨɨäɩӡ
, רŸѧϰϣһƢŮͬ־˵
㴫һ͵Ц, ԭǸ˰칫ҡ
˸߲ҵЦ˼ҿɲҪǵɨä࣡ǻû˵Ҷ߿ȡʡ״Ԫ, ǸεúúðãҶͬ־, úѧϰϣ
λһը., ˶סˡ
ÿ˵ϳ𺳡ȡŵɫö˶ûзӦ֤ǲˡҶô˸߿״Ԫ
˵ⷬǸΣһǸЦ
οŴһµɫЦǺǵ˵ɵû, ǼԺҶͬ־ȡ˽״Ԫ
ҦҲס
Ҷϱûп߿, ûгΪ״ԪҶôܿôõĳɼҦ߿ǰ, ʮ˹ͳһ߿ʱ˱صҽƴѧһȳΪԺĽ
ҶҪǳΪ״ԪҦɫȻһס
Цúϲ£죬Ҷͬ־ڷæĹ֮Ҳңĸ߿ٵʡ״Ԫ־ֵôѧϰǲŪҹУÿҶµӣң
Ŀ佱֮ʼֱҪǮƵĻ
ֻǿصѧ㲻Ժ˲żüãǰҲû山˲šҶһʡ״Ԫ¾õľ˱ȣҲ棡
ĩˣμͳʮǮ칫ͬ־˵ûպϸ˵ڵȥǰͬ־ңú۱¶
֮󣬴ԾɳҶ״Ԫ֮С
Ҷ˽״Ԫңûɣ
ûղǼƣŰ˺ȥҶң⻹дһŮͬ־ƳЩ̭ҶŮͬ־
һ뻹ϲ˼˺ȣ˷һ̱γ⻹治һΡ
Ҷϸ߿״Ԫ´𺳳̶ȣ˵ǰһԵȢһµϱԺ˶ҶִũľɩٴżӣûмʶûĻǡ
Ҷ޵ĻΪ쵼ṷ̂ڡ˭ҶǰҲûпȥ山

˼ҡ
ǰһƬϲ⣬һĺϢϸҶ⺢ӻп״Ԫı¡
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ǰڼңٲȻˣЦе͵͵˼һһָǰϲѶļλʦ
һСС⣬Ҷմմϲ
ʦԭպģֲӲǶҲ𿪷ëǮȷʵָֻ࣬ͷ
УЦ˵ҲСվˣ֪ͨѧУмҪɷ
˵ش绰Ƕȥ֪ͨǰϱĸ߿ɼˡ
Ƕڵ绰Ҷ𺳵ĸ߿ɼҵ绰ȥҹǰʱĹǰڽѧԱϾۿγ̡
Ƕɤźǰϱĸ߿ɼˣѧУУţȥӴӴ˼ң
ǰһЦѧԱ궯и󵨵սʿʣɩӿô
ѧУУ֪ͨɼˣ϶ǿúܲ˼Ҳſ߿ɼǻûй
ǶüЦĴָɩ˲𣬽״Ԫ
еѧԱһȻ״ԪûпЦɣɩôͣ
״ԪǵǿöãѧУ״Ԫ𣿡
ǰòȻ𴽣¶һڽ׵ݣҫ۵Цݿȥȴ⻹Ҫü֡飬Ƕļ򣬡213ָԱǶؽѧԱϿε񣡡
Ƕ̧ͷͦˬشǣǰ΢Цſ첽뿪˽ҡ׼ҶμӸ߿϶úܺá
ǰصҵʱ򣬷һӵ˶ڵǷ
κ˵ǰڻˣ
ոջСտ󣬿ѧҪȥ飬ɱ˼Ҷ顣ΪɷӦö֧ӵķչǡ
£ҶϴѧȻһ£ͬʱҲһɩָزڼͥ˵Է»˵껹ҪӵĴ㣬־ʲô£
Ҳ⣬ǰҲСˣͬ˺ͱˡƫƫҶĳɼ˴ѧΪ˼ͥͻѧҵֵ̫á
ǰŵЦݣܿҺ
һת˵ǰʱ䲿мȥǽ޵δҪھפؼ꣬ǵԭûϴӦڿ롣
ǰһ䣬һ׷ףǡ
Ҷص˼ԺӭǹֵھǣŰΧסˣֱ䡰ǴλҪš
ߴð˴һϡؿҶ·ΧϡƵģһ׷׿ڣСհˣθ۴Ժˣ
СղãҲƽʱզûƳ²û
Сվű𶯣㣬ǵϲҪˡ
ҶѰ˼Լʱ仹͵ҲûҰѼô޵ˣһʣզΧ˵Ҫ⽨𣿡
ʶ˻֪Լ״ԪĺϢ뷢Ц
һ˷ܵ˵Ҷ㿼״ԪУ۴ԺϲѶˣί¶ؼң
֣Ҹոտͬ־Ѿڹ㿼״ԪϲѶعٲ˲ӵĽˣ
Ҷǲƽʱر̿࣬ÿѧϰҹҼÿ·Ҵææģ̫ϧʱˣ
Ҷֵʱ˼ֵףԼܿٷ֣ûܿ״ԪϾŻǺܶģﲻֵܿ˲ڡĿƿñȽ룬˺ǵĲࡣ
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ЩǺòЩϸԵøϡͬ־һ׻ȥ˼ҵʱ򣬱ԺھжôĽ׻۸Ƥ·żǹµζ
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ʮ˿İ칫϶ϣӰ˵ֲ걾ǳһũѧʦص㡣
ҡҡͷ˵ʦʵڲôСɵ˽⣬ɱ˶һѡǰҲйѧһУһкܲ
Ҷ˵С¶ˣҺͰ׼ϲƣھ͵ԸϲǰɨDD
Ļʱס̯ıӣֻд֣پּϡԷֱһš
Բֲ꣬޷Իۣӽԡ
ҶȻһ飬Լ˼شǰڣȻڵͶԲϡ˵ıҲԲϣһ󵨵뷨ԾǷԲؼʵ̫ˣ
ҶʶֱͦˣҲ࣬ʣʦоԲֲꣿ
˷۾Ͻ˵㲻оֻɷ˼󡣡
ҶЦе֣֣ͬһһᣬܸʶڣʽһ£ҽҶǰһеѧʦ׼ȥ飬ʦҪʲôһ岻ݴǡ
Բ뷨ܲпտԸҽʵҶⷽĶܸȤʱûѡũѧרҵ̫źˣ
ҵѧѡԺСɾ͸Žںúѧϰ³ԿҲۣȻǸŮ޵һ㶼кӲһ£̫ˣöಹӪ
ǮСȻ֪ʲô£ᶨصͷʦҸúѧϰɣ
ҵһμ˹ȵʦ
ʲô£
ûѡǸũѧרҵ̫źˣʦ㻹Ҫ𣿡
¥ȫĿɵfufu
ʦĲȷģԲۡ



85 
Ҷ߳칫Һĵļ, ̲סǮСɵ˵ҵ
첻ǮСѧУǰҶЩٵĸƣش, ԼһүְƵǰ
λ, Ҷ˶磬Ҫʳ׻˵úãվڷϾһֻܷοҶ治һͷ
ҪҶߴ˻Ѿ侲ˣᱣ׼Ҫ嵽칫ӽˮ, ޲Ūʵ硢嵽
Ҷӡеӽˮ13, ǰĻɲĥĥصһʮꡣȻײҶǰ, ⲻʲôһȵͷԷ籩, Ҷһ󵨵뷨
ضǮСɣСԺĵظѧϰ, ڷһ, Ҫи֪𣿡
Ҷһƽ, ܶ鶼ԭ粻һеλԲҲ㹻ʵ, ǫȫҶеλ, 
ǮСصͷôʦʦɣ
Ҷ͹ǰǮСɵʳóһ緹ǰһ̵ķƱݸС, ʳõķƱ, ѾҺˣÿγԷҪһš
극Ҷ뿪ѧУ, ǮСɻصᡣ
Ľʣĸɩӣ
ǮСɵĸɩǳɫˣش󷽣ɩӴƯƤЬ紩֦̣һֽõĸо
ǮСɵĴһµıװ޻´ıӣϴ跿´ɱ衣ôȫƷһͨѧ֮Ƕݳޡװͷ˭ҵĺרص´һޱ
ǮСҡҡͷǣҵʦһλʦİˡ
ҶԼ׼ޱﰵҪŬѧϰʦĶ顣

֣Ǯҡ
Ǯ跭˴СﶼûҵǮСɣֻҵţЦǮ˵Լ˵һҪȥר顣ҿǸҰˣװ˷ʮĴף
ǮҵھӴȥǮСţ˵޶˵ԼרǲţҿСƽʱͦ̿ùģҲƽʱ޸ֱСҪ濼ϵһǿɱǿˡȥϧ
־Ǹڿרĺӣпصרʲô˶ϣʲôĳգǮСѾͷҲҼֵȣ
˵ֵʦѧǮСǸλ֪Ǵĸɽ깳ġǸʦ̻ѧ̵ǼҰ˾Ʒ²У
Ǯȷʵרҵ˵ûǸյĽ̻ˡ
ǮֺǮҵŮ˵ˣǮСɸҰ˿϶ҶӲ˹ϵǸյʦһн顣
ǴǮСȥڵȥһҶ鷳
øϴѧ¼ȡ֪ͨʼĵУӣһеĴſź޵ĹٰУſڱ˼ˮйͨ˱ȼպĺֽмһϲζ
һнѽֹ山ѧһ״Ԫ
ҳ׷׵ͷֹ山һкöѧص㣬һʮ˴ѧ
ʮ˿ϴѧ뵹һͷѧϡøƵģһҵλƵˣһݹʶݣ˽ʲô
ֵǮǮԶԶƳ۹ٰ񣬿һҶѧǮСɵİκҲ֡
ǮǮͬզǸյŮ˾ôҪ˼ҶϢ״Ԫš
ȺĳҳԺ˵ҶӽҲϴѧˣ˵Ƶ״Ԫһݸϰϣﶼϸϰſôѧ
ʵҶѧǳеʦǸбҵҲкöຢӿרӡˢı༭ӡ̸鶼ҷˡҶŶʮȫʦĸ
ǮǮ໥ӣ̲סЦˣǮ˵ҶʦǸŮôܿ״ԪƷ°ܻʦܿ״ԪŮܿһඣ
˵Ǹҳ̣ķӣ˵éһŮϵһԼ֪еİԱߣϴɾ˵
ǮȥԱߵĹٰ񣬾ȻǮСɵٰ֣дũѧԺƤǮС濼˵һǸѾͷôܿר
ڼǰУ˸ר۾ԴˣһбȰкöˣǼǮСɿһеĵһҪǴȥж٣
ǮֿǮСɵֵԭأǮҵûһǶϣû뵽һǮȴȥˣרҵжߵĹʣ
ٰ֮вܵҶݵļҳԼҵĺ˵ܿϴѧȫʦԼʱ䣬ǲΡҶٲȻѾȫҵĶˣмﻹ̱
ӴⲻǮʦôڮʦ㲻ǳ鷳ǻĳʦˣ㲻֪
һҳ˵ͷŸɾ㣬ǻǮ־ǰɣԴʦǵЩġʦĺˣ˵䲻ģҪٸڮʦҲ
ǮֺǮڴбǵõ׳죬ܿΪ˺ĹƵġǮֺǮ˹
Ƶģû뵽ҶСѧƾʦѧУȻ𾴣˸߿״Ԫ
һɧ̧ͷһȺѧΧһСڵغҶʦټ
ףһ·˳磡
Ҷ°رѧǰΧţѧǳݵؿ׷׾֡öʦҲΧҶĴָ·ڼؿ
ѧҶϹţҶҲѧϹĳʦ̲ס̾ͷһοôѧϲʦ
ò˵ҶԸеء̵ѧԺ϶ٲдϢ

һߡ
һǸѧɢѧҶû뵽Լ̵ĳ˵ְ뿪һУԼһѧУ
ЩҵǣЩ̹ģʶǲʶѧڽҶͲĽұ˼øˮйͨ
ҶںڰдˡһΡ˵ǱҵˣҲҵˡһδҶòϲǣ
һѧЦˣѧĬĬͷе
ҶƳһۣЦеؼ˵úõͬѧҪֻӵȥһҪƴĵطʸҪŬͬѧҲҪ٣֮ʮа˾ţҪѧͻʵڳԲ𷹣͡͸ʦɨDDһڷԣԶǡ
ѧǲ̫ôȥ죿ˡ
Ҷ˵˵ںɽ磬ҾӦҵĺٵϹ֧̣ȥҪĵ衣ũǸأܴΪҵͬѧ͸ʦɡ
ࡢ׼ͨʯӶƵģңȫѧŵ̧ͷѧ֪ҶôõĴѧȥȥũ֧̣
ǰƽʱ½˼Զ²ؾ֣øʦ컹аȫС
Уıҵ֤ҶЦе¿Ρ
ҵպѧǶʱڽһϢ˼临ӡǲ̫ΪʲôʦҪȥũ֧̣Ƕʦһ뷨ԶˡҪȥһĵ
ΧסҶиѧȻ˵ʦټ˵ʦףһ·˳磡
˷Ӧͬذ仰ظһ飺ʦףһ·˳磡
ʦټ
سҶһҶƬ̣п˵ʵҺܸлǣллǽ̻ȥһʦԺ󲻹ȥ˴ѧǽ˹ڸʲôĹҪԼ롣
ﲹһ䣬ллұø졣
ҶҪȥũ̵֧Ϣܿ촫УĶڸѧӵĺ÷÷˵£һѧ
÷÷ɵ۵ʣҶ𣿡
УЦе˵ҶԼ뷨ϯ֪ʶ磬һѽ
˵£ĬĴָ˵ⱲӻûˣҶһ
ʦ˵ò˵ҶԸеء̵ѧԺ϶ٲдϢ


86 
Ҷ̵֧Ϣ, ڱҵһ촫칫ҡ
ʦһ뻹ڡҶ״ԪҶȥ󡱵Ժ֮Уһ̾ͱϢסˡ
ôõĻȻȥҶǷ
ʦ뿼ô, Դ󶼿ϣÿ˾Ȼȥɽʲô, ǵóڹ磿
أֻҶͳףȻദ˴꣬ܶΪԼԼûҶܹ˾ϲ, ѡʦ߿һˡ
ҶӦòʧ
ô, ܸһ¡
УҶһ򵥵Ļͻ, ٱǰҶƱĳ˵, ҪúչԼ
ʮƱҶ, , ˵ķҶӣܵУ, ˼治һظߡܸмУ⡣
УͣƬ̣˵Ҹ㿪, ʱ˾ͻɡǵһѧȫʦ, ϣú÷ѧУľ񣬰Ļ֪ʶ£ҶȥǱҲǺúѧϰ̫ĹΡѧУʦ
ҶصͷЦе˵Ǹ, ллĽţһһж
֪ʶҪԸΪԭ, Ҷдѧ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ʱԻصѧУ, ȥйϹ壬ҲҶԭ֮һ
뿪ǰҶƱ͵͵У칫ϵͷʳףУÿֻʮƱӹúƶȴԾɼƱôܲ˸ж
ҶʮƱ꣬ٻʱһҪܶʳ͸λУ

Ժ
ѧУǱߺܺýͣǰ̹׾Ҷͷˡ
ȡһֻˮѼȥȡ廨һٷʢķ
Ҷص㿪ʼѼѼйɸζ𰾣СʱɰԴԴϵɢŨζǵùھӶ̲סʣ
СѽʲôóԵģ
㣡ֳǰпڸˣСڵĻʳ治
Ҷӳ̽ͷϲ̵صǰ壡ǳϲơ
һֻ¯ӣ˰׻廨⡣廨гĴ飬Сʱ󰾸֭ˮͣƤŴ
ǰ°ؼң߻·Ьӱʣʲôôʢ
Ҷȵظʢһķǰź뷹һѼð˱ĺ
һ˵ǰȱϴ룬мҪ˵
ǰҶƽʱûе֣أӹ΢Цʣʲô£
ҶһԹɫСĵǸҿҪ˵ǸҪϹ֧һʱ䣬Ǳߵͣѧҵ
ǰϵЦȻֹɫࡣҶ￩һ£æ˵ҿԽ͵ģ
ǰ̫Ѩҵسʹ߬ȭͷ𣬴Ｗһ仰ҶǲǶʲô
Ҷ飬û뵽ǰķӦô֮±˲۵ӶҳݵС¡
ô뵽
Ҷ§Źǰֱۣȵ˵ûʲôǰͬ־Ϊǫѷؽ㡢һ䣬ٷӢǵ͹Ҳȱٵ˲ţⱲõˡ
Ҷסף˸񵣱Լ˵ÿһûһԣҲֿͬ
ҶǰٿվϽסĸ첲̾һ
Һٻ嶯£ÿһǾ˼ǣڹ۱ȥⱲӲ£Ժһܺڡ͸ϴκ˵һٻ㣬һԥȥ
Ϲ;ÿһ˳ֻҪпվͻȥ̽㡣
ǰ彩˽
һƬˣǸֺõϸƵܵ£ੲݣǰɫѾ𽥺תȻ÷׵Ծʾ͸顣
ǹǰΪҶľֵȥֻ뵽ǰܶڼ֧ʮҲҪˣеĻһͣ
Ҷ׹ǰ˵Ĳǳ嶯ľҲǹ㡣ʱ䣬ҵĺϢ
šǰ˵
ǰڲҶ磬϶һų
Ҷֻ÷С
磬ҶǱ߰˵Լ͹ϵһѧǨתϹ塣һڳˣ¿ֵũʦ
Ҷ˵Ѿ뵽JϪϹ֧꣬ͬ־תһ͹ϵһУߵĽš
칫ȫͬ־Ҷ˹졣
ɵˣҶɵˣô仰ÿһֶʶһȴôѽ⣿
ǸոսҶۡƴѧʱȴ׼ѧ׼ȥɽ֧̣
ͷ˶ŵ롢õлڣڹȻһƬǰܵ£Ҷߺ칫ը˹
÷÷һȲҶǵʱȥֵѧȥǸã
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Ҷź÷÷ļصͷ˵ֵãȥһڡѾǰˣҲȥ
÷÷ԺԲ˵ͶңϹ延ӭ㣡Ҷ٩
仰Ȼŭ˺÷÷ҶһȭôȥͶ㣿Ǳ߳ԱҾллˣ
ҶĬĬЦû׼ʵ֡
Ŀǰÿÿʮʳͷʮ˶սӡũһƬأũʵֶٶٱһ㶼ѡƾֱ͵ʳ㹻ˡ

ҶдŸдһţ֪ԼԼѧȥСѧ̡֧ܸˣͷ£ȫ׳ͶȺ֪Ǹһµᡣ
Դϯʼ֪½½֪࣬ĵһ֪ûôãȻӳԱ˷סȴǸľݡǿӳʹֵ֧ȫ˸һ֪ᣬĽ۾ˡ
ҶӣòǰϲƸˡǰһддӲ䣬ƵģҶһԱ߲üźֽƬĸֱǲ
ҶҪúúǰó˸ǰʱ佱ĲƱ·࣬ں÷÷ִָһë¡һΧ۵ָĥˮݡ
ҶʲôʱԹֿͷ˵ë¡ƽʱ첹·ܲ߰㣬Сûϰߴë¡֯ΧҶǻѸѴΧֻһ²ʽɫķݡ
ҶҵҵŬ£һҺɫΧһӣյЩǰɫڻࡣ
һĻĽսյΧë¡ӡֶʲôĽǰһĻǳмյЩĬĬذӴϣĴѹȥ
ͦ˲ģӶů͡
Ҷסʣϲɣ
ǰѹƽǣءšһ


87 
ٵϯ, Ҷȥӱߡһ¨зϺ㣬Ӻ̨ȡֻѼѴʳȡ廨⻻˲ֿȡ廨, ֿڸиϸۡʡ
ʦҶ۾ϯĲʽһ, ֻŰ׻廨⡢㡢ŹǡмѼӡ㡣кü֣Ŀ˴ߡ
ѼȣƤë⻬, ʵò, һ֪Ʒʷǳõʳ
ǶõܼЩȻʦƽʱûҶ¼ȴǺ, ؿǿ۽, жҶޡ̾, ɻʱԽү϶ġޡ
һʦ⡢з˰, ĥ˶ӡ
ʦԭӵձһ˼ʮİ, õ˺òϸǵӦ֣˳÷·ڳ١ֻԾָⰴ, ŵټ, ǧ̬
ʦʰʣµгèè档
Ƥʵֱͷҧʱ֭ˮĽֱ˱ĴָԵҶֱá
èűƬʳȺķ, ζ, ʳöҳζʦҪ˾ߵöһԶĹӪꡣ
¯Ļ𲻼ϵ, ͬʱ¯ӣСʱҪϯʦ˵ʲô¡ֺǺǵĨ˰ѺǳƶԼ֮ǰѾϯŪ׼ԼĲ˰ͷȥ
ʦͷظɻ¯յúЦúϲ£죬߱ˣҸǿȥĸƬɣ
Ҷһɫȹӣˮۿں죬ǰһոµľװҶգӰʦϲ̵ض˵濡
Ӱʦټôˣڴĸ˲ݰͰ͵ġһ޾ɵģŮƤ׾Բзһ֦ͬ־װ硣Ӱʦ󿴵ϵĸܻһ֦ģһλľˣ
ǰСĵպƬĵƬŵҶ
Ҷ§ݵϲ̵˵ƬϴˣҼļš
ʮ㣬½½˹˼ҡвӵ쵼ѧߡҶѧУʦݡѡ
ʦƲˣÿʮˡǰԶشӻɻ˹ԭΪֻܼ򵥵سԶϲƣû뵽һžͿһľƲˣ
СʱǸǰɵгƬ˿ĴָĴϺ⣬οÿԶĿˣȴȵ˻ʡ
ᡢ㡢鶫⡢÷˿⡢⡢зӡʰ극ʦﻹкܶͣʣһ˽˿⡢⡢˿ǡ
ǰйԶ˴ΪԾûϾϯоͶԹǰҡͷͷȻµϯֻ뵽ֶһǧǮϯϡԶüýأ˵Ӻϲĺףֻȥѵһ١
ֲӵͬ¡쵼ֻһ㶣ȻܿܣһԾҲûС
ԶЩ쵼ǲԾֻϰľ
ЩƽʱסһƬܼҰҶˮѼ׷ϣöűߣҪǷĹ͹ȥˣȥҶġѾԺ˽µĬҪͱˡడܲۺ
ʳڴǰǻϡΪ㶫ҪҪˣҶƽʱҲСóԵĶһЩ
ҲΪԾеԷCйӣֶӰѼҲ˿϶ûܿ࣬ȢµĹǲϼӲҡڻǱܵżĵ㶫ǣû뵽СѹûԼе࣬ǸµĹװ׾ͷ񻣬ݺЦȳ˻Ǻأ
ѺĴݸҶúǾͷˡ
ҶѧУʦǼ״׷ͳȻ﹤ˮƽߣʮ⡢ģеĲֹһţһĿǳɹۡ
ԴҶѧУ֮츣칫ҵʦһֻҼһ̨˰ޡ˰£ģѵģ߳ȥ˵һеĽʦáҶ⼸ʡ˴󼸰ٿ飬ʮʮ黹١οƽʱǸҵϿΣѧȥ˴ѧ
ԼʹŴһ鸻ͬ£ͷ̫ϡˡͨͨӴ˱øУϸһĶǱ
ĺͬ¾ҪˣܲٳԵ
÷÷ĺֱӰ˸ʮ飬Уĺһٿ飬Ҷû𿪿϶Ҫŵõ˺Ⱥʦƽʱһһ٣˦Ǯʱ˭Ҫ
𣬴˷ʢϲ硣
ʳõĴʦѾľϯóԵ˵ͷ£ϲɱԼζһٷںɻڴҪְɽ亣ζڵǵٳԵ÷ǽȥϲ硣
ҶͬǳԱ֮󣬷׷׸Ҷ˵Ҷ֮ǵøдš
ҶҪĶס˾ͻһУ
СգҼرˣһũɳһҵлᣬ°һᵽͶ㣬װСʦʦ˾ƣʼܻ𳵡
ҶףǰҸһӡһֱǵµĻǴĵ׵ġ

ǰһߵսѡ쵼ЩĪôö˶˵ؾҪˣֱһĻǲ֪Ϣ
ǶԾ죬ʶؿǰѾյϢ˿ȴǷǳƽе㡰ŭ䲻ζҶͬףšˡ
ЦеףҶȥȥɣҪǱ߲ͣѧҵʱٿһΡ
ʦĬĬ룺ǲǻѧô˲֪ҶѧУʦоɼù죬Ҷȵڶ˰ʮ֣ôĲֻнųֹɼĹʵ
ͬһ¸Σ
˵һԴ˵ҺͿˡ֧Ԯƶɽ֪ʶȥõһ£ӦҺ٣ѧУǱ߲֧˵ȥ
ƹѲϲˡһʣ˶ȫɸɾģûҲ˰ϧôȥˣҳԵ㼫ˣÿﻹһϲǡġ
ϲǻвĴǣڵɿǡ߼ˮӲǡʦģִ࣬¿ɿڡ
Զ˫ֱ󣬼ɢ˻صͷŽֶϲòϹ
˵ǰһΪȨDD
Ƕ˸ãЦϽѹҶЩ˼ޡĽۺ
֥ץסֶʣϱզ£˵˴ѧ
ԭǰǴٴϱ̽ǣ˳ڻаϲˣû뵽ֱܵȥˡ˵ʵҪ˵˴ѧֱܶӷɹһˡ
ֶϱǺãò״½ǣְͰ͵ܻ£֪ж
Ҷλ죬ǰʹ˸ɫԷšü鲻Ըػڡ
ǰصصͷ˵ǵģͬȥġϯں֪ʶ磬һʦũѷΪһκܺõĶ
Ǿ仰ҪΥжΥģϹǰŸ˵ӡ
ֶ֥ô˵֪Ѿ¶⣬ĲܲͲֶ֡Լ⣬ʱͿʼԼ
ҪҶǼҵĺӣصѧȴȥëӿ¶ϡ
ֻ֥̲ס̾һиͬѧģСհѧСյҪʲôѣĸ籨
ҶЦذһӳҳصʦݸ֥
ʦرã㣬ûȥ

Ҷ·𳵵죬ʮͬѧһһ컨㳡˺޵ĺί쵼ɲŴɽ硱
Ⱥվڹ㳡ϣĿЩӢۡȥ½裬ÿ˿Щ֪ж˾͹
òȥѧǰͬѧļ˵ĽǣԸʦ
˴ѧֶǣǼҪúŽȥµúúñʦʦô˵ҲǸŮˡ
ѧַΧ֮У̧ͷͦؽˣȿ˴ѧ˷ܡǷ׷׵ظ֤һٸӣ϶ûʦ
ڣʦһëٲˡ
ʱǸĵʦ֪ԼպȫʦаԵ֪óȻһѡıԼһ

JС
һ·ѧǵ˷ܽˣǴӱ֪е֪Ŀֲȫƾʳÿ춼Ҫµظɻȵܴˣסé
ǽѧĹ˺ܶ࣬Ҳֻøʦڷԡ
ű˵ùģʰ·
𳵺ִܿĿĵأСʱһϹ塣ѧۿԽԽ۶Ǵɽ·ĸо
·Ͽ˶﹡ˡ²ˡݵһˣԽԽũлңҶʦũǹأܳԱ
ǴǰϹȡҶļѧԵ²ָĳСɽ˵ѽʦҿϹˣ
˵ԶӸǸ϶ۺ
֪³ûӭӡһеѧ֪һ³㿴һȺˮʳ
ͷ׳¶׵ݣЩ޶澫񣡶˰ɣ
˱
յļݺݵţϵϴǴԲԣ
һĲˮһڵӣ˶ͷкü
չһһ䣺˰ɣ˰ɣԵӰɣ
һֻ˶ͷյҸæ˼¡ÿѧֵĽͷĲˮһ˻ش˴ӡ
ӳһ׵߷ÿλ£ˢķ۰׵ǽںδӷζʾһ¸ûõķӡӳشѧȥʣÿ쵽һֻ衢´ɱһʮʳ
˵ʦ˵˻ʳԼԸ
Ȼʳȫǲʵġմġ﹩緢ʳȻϸųԣǳʳԵһùζ
ס֪ݵġʳ˴ˡ©硱ũɶʱôˣ


88 
ϹĴǵһοҶҶܾ, ȫ˶֪Ҷˣҵ¹ǮģСѧҲ, ӳĺӡҪûﲻ֪Ҫˡôܲ˸м
ΪӭҶĵ, ϹĴ׼áµ֪ᣬƸɲǮƷԼһͷˮ
ǱһòŻﾫϸֻΪͷȻﲻȱʳ, Ǿϸȴûеġ
һ, ܶͶڴŲӵҶĵܶɲҶ, ˵ʲôúܺ, ȻǸ߼֪ʶȴһҲûСǽĸ߿״Ԫ, ΪȫõĴѧĻᡣ
ֻͣ, ͷһŮƤ׾, ԲԲģһ˫, Ưúɽѡ
ȷʵһ, û뵽λʦôǰһٲȻʱֵĳŮɡ
һӵϣҶѧ
ѧϹһٷһֻͷɡͷپϸԵô۾һһ, һߺȲһ߿ͷ
ҶԷ, ҶˣŴһͷ
緹, ҶĴСѧ򳡡԰֧칫ҡظҶ˵˵ʦϿΣ챨ѧľʮڴҲʮ
ϹСѧڰɽҶվɽӡӵĵѾո˹ӣһȥҰһɫŦ
Ҷأ𣿡
ûϵҶôǵʳ⣬ͦţʮֻ˵ּģʳжֶ٣ֻôõؿţǲǰװ˷ѵʦģұ׼ôɻǴ϶ּģ
ӳʵҶˡҶһƬûдодŸҶо
ȻҶҲܻǲĴУЩƫˣоҶȻǾ˫ͬҶðʵʵ⡣
ǲιСѧִһȥ԰ժӡдȫûϹȷʵǿ鱦أˮˮҲ𡣴ĸɽضࡣʺֲҶˮȾ
һ԰ɭƵģֵòˡ
ժһֻӡһöӣԵ򡣴ǼҲǳǣòˡ
ҶȥժˮԣҶҡҡͷЦشӶͳʮ˵ǳԵĹǮϡ۵ùǺǳԵõġ
ҪǮҲ˵Ҷ׬ǧĲҶǮ˵ЩӼʲôüǮҶ˼⡣
д֪ͨҶʦ㰮ˣڴڵ֣
ǰˣҶԾ̧ͷȥժ˼ֻұҴҵȥ˴ڡ
ϤĺɫСγͣڴڣһ޳ӰվڳԱߡ
ôɵĴһһг۲ѣοСγô߼Ķɽ˼Сγûɶ𡣴￴ҶٲȻһˡ
û뵽ӳʦô¡
ҶΪǰû뵽ȴ¡˵ش򿪳ȥһװ˶ӣ·Ьӣĸǿۡף̷ۡ龫һ͵ˮǡ
ôණҶԾզ࣬ǰѼﶼ˰ɣ
ǰ˵ɽµú䣬ǶñůҹҪȥǣԺ󲻳ڼң˳Щ
Ҷ鷳Ųô·ģʳ̷Щͳͳӵȹȥس
û뵽ǰôģһʱ֮ůůġһڣãлл㣬ǰ
·̫Ţխӿ֪ᣬǰҶѶһԵرᡣһһ״һһ鼮ԼҶˮ
ҶĶأǰƽһ㣬ɡ֮˳øͦһ֦̣·ճһġɷӢͦεһС
ĹӴõˣԶԶһշϺϼȻºڵ˶˵ʦɷ򣬷ȫһء
ǰһס޻㲻ûе⡣Ҷ÷󣬴ӳȡֻСʢζĲȣʦĹӡǴŹǣһ޹ͷ
ʦģԵ㡣
ҶʦķˣҸֱ˶㡣ŷؿ̫óˣʦķ˹ԺԶˡ
ǰ˵˭
Ҷ֪ǱΪãҹҡ
ǰͳһ֧칫ȥǸҪȥʹĸɲ̸̸
ЩЦãæסȥǰҲ̫СˣҴȥȵڵĲˮ
ֻҶͳһ裬ˮβ裬𣬲ˮ峺ڼȵĲ
ǰҪȥˡ
뿪֮ǰԲ˿ͷҪǿԼҵǱ߰ٺøĵ籨ҵµϵʽÿȥһҴ绰⳵׼㣬Сÿ¸عȯ
ôãҶ㱻ǰж
ȷʵ᷽ܶࡣ
ǰͣƬ̣ҶڻῪǰ̹ôڴڵĿյԼ
ǱûᣬҶˡĽͨߴ໹гֳϸżʻ֤ռ֮ŵģؿ˶ѧֱֿ·

̫ɽѧǳԵñġýƣػص֪㣬ɻԽԽ
ԲĶƤ˵˻ͦģ͸ͷԣЩ֪˵
ЩҪøסéݵ֪˱׼ðϹ˿²û˵ɽˮ仰
θҶ֪һ12ֻһϹ壬ձֿ֪ȵ
ոƵ˵˼ҵĿɲǶǵġǲ֪ʦжӵʳǮתģ˼ǿʦϲǲҪĨڣ
ɻʱϸ㣬㾢

ա
ҶʻũҵѧУӺشӴͷȥɵһȺũؿųʦŰСγôգۼʧġ
ũ棬ʦǸﰡ
һ˵ôզǴ壿
һСʱҶѧУҵʱո¿ΣϻͣҶ֮˵֡
²ضһ͵ݸҶ
Ҷɻؽӹʣʲô
²˵ŪġǷԤʵĶ
Ҷһˤ̶ߣӳĬؿҵĴ仰һƭӡ
ֱҶǸʵ˺ĶĶһЦӽˮоȷʵǴӷֵԲ꿪ʼֻע⵽¡
Ҷͼȣʦһˮд׷óԣײǵʳˮĲߣ˶д׷ԣⲻǺõһ𣿡
˷۾Щؽӻӣûоˮ˽ˮϴοʦˣˮҪʵ߲ѺѣܽкܶŴôʦҵĺ
ضҶ磬ִ˵˲ҪôʵʡڳԱǸ⣬ĿǰģϺ֣͸ɺμʦҪС
ϾָŴҶõһºݻҲƮƮġҶ͵ǳԶĿ꣬ȥǷֵֹԴﵽǧǽ괺ȥӴֲ߲߱ԡ
ŪΪʲô˳ߡǧĲ⡣ʼΪԴﵽ
ҶСĶĺѾ˼ԼоӽˮĿԡ
ôһͣҶǿǿ׵ģƾֱƽʱǿžһڵҵֻܻһףôȻ󷽵ذٽʳ
ֱʾҪؼϢԼֱ䵯˸Ϣ
Ļ׷Ե˵͵ĻԵȥѧأ
Ҿô޳ʦΪһǶоˮĿ϶
˼ڶԽĺðɣͬʦ뷨ѹһƱ
ʦԼоӽˮøһ㣿Ͼɽɽܰ
Ҷŵı飬Це˵ѾϹӣںʹӳͨṩĶʵʮѧ֡
ϻָϲɫʱڣĩͿȥ￴ʮ̫ʦ
ȴһĶʮѧҲӶ࣡ЩѧԾźأÿ¼ݣδȥ￴˱Ҳһǣر׼Ū


89 

Ϲ塣
ҶصӱͬҪĶ, о˲һڲ裬˵ʦҲҵûȥʹ
Ǵĸر, ּĶ˺ܶˣҪ¹زʳԡʳ, һĶؾǶ죬ϡĸ˵͸˼õģ
صҰ¸˸߸ף֧źӳʣ˵ʵ, ɶ
أַ
ַ֧Ҳʳ, ʳˮûɶѻ, Ȩǻʦ顣󷽵˵ַòˮ, Ͱ֪ǰǿػʦ
ֲ, β֧Ƭĺʵ, ֳȫӣҪһּʵ顣
һ֡е΢, жû׼ǲȫϽҡ
֧Ĭسں, ˵˼ʵҪоҲпԭ, ˼ҪĶأʳվֻ۱ֻ۰ɣʱ㡣
֧ĶػȫԱը˹
ؾũӣĶذװ׻ȥҶ, һʳζŴٷֵһ﹫̲סɧ, Ҷʦ̽黹ɣһĶɶ
һӵӳ, .һûһġĶǡùӹܣӵԱֵը˹
ӵţزܸƾɶҪȳĶֳһǧӣȺѧû¹ֻ̣ʳ
ͷۣҪȥڶ¡
һֿˬ˵ݺ㲻ҪҪøһӣĶؿ֪ᣬȺŰݺòøǡҰһɽĶػǡ
ԱϹһŪҡı飬Ķ˰̣Ȼһ£
ɫ˵ǲ֪ʦжʲô鶼˳˵ǰѵһĸͯӡȥǴԺʱö£㹳ܵһͰ㣬ҰùԹԵײŸҰҰѼ׷ܡ
ϸǴļ²˳˳Ҫַζַ϶һĺ£֣ܲ
һӵһһ㶵ģũһ˺¡
Щڳ˵ûʲôЧũɹͷҼһ¯׵ݷ𣬿ԲԼȴܲү˵һˡ
ţҡͷͬط̵ҿǱ¿ʺˣʱýҲǽʳ

֪㡣
ĩҶȥũѧԺ˹
ȫ˹һʱҶץ׳ũѧΣôֺÿ׶εص㡣
һǰѧԭΪҵⱲӾͲϿˣû뵽˶£ҪμǱʼǡһֶˡ
ҶȺѧ⣬ֽҪʱѵһȺũ񣬹˼һмĿΡ
۲һѧѺ¡о˺öĺǰоͨ޽ӵķʽߺĲͷһաдƪķֽϣ˺ܶעڶµ£ջ⻬¬
ʱ£˷š١ĸڵñӣдûһ־Ը⿯ǣ¡κòץסҶᣬݵ⡣
صһܵļѵ֣۲Ⱥ׳ѧµأϿΣٶٺף˴ˣһʱ֮Ҳ֪֪ҡǸҡ
Ҷ۲һܣʶȷʵˢӣҲǲλУֺֺɡèèץĶǺè
һں󾩳ǱߵĹǰڷ˵籨ҶµϵʽҶ绰ǰһЩˮ鼮
ǰҪʱƬ̣ãһġ쿪ѧˣܶѧѧУҰѧʱʦǳԾ˵Ǳ߰ĵعѧУ֧ѡ񡣡
˶˵кöóԵģһϲҴȥ˷Զ
Ҷ͹ǰһ˵绰
ĩҶ򿪺̨һۣȵطֺ̨ٽ⡣ٿǰŰһɫĺӣķˣǸƻʳ
ëϣ򶼱Ժô޶ë
Ҷպ֯ѧɽʳЦеض˵ȥ֪ͨһ´ңŮͬѧϲӣͬѧǵɽϲɵҰ˻ƻʳ
ظȥˡֻԼȻ䵽Ұ˵ĵزҪǴڳҲҲоȼԡ
ɧ鷢ɧܿץҶɽˡ
Ұ˵ĸܸвһ齥ɢϮͷյǲڣ½˼ԶǣǰЩһֵĽܸʦһ磬ĽÿۺˡԴѯʵûϹ

ӵԱҶѧȥҰˣţҶʦûһøУǵ˻
ϹЩɲɶˣʳǷӣѺúõȥ
ţסط
̣ģȺ֪һȺû÷ʳգ۾ͻӻˣָһŮ˲ָĸ
뵽˵Ҷǳõĺ͵Ц
Ⱥ֪̣ׯڣһӵ͸һҰˡ
£Ǿ˷ܵشһֻ۴УʦӣҼһֻӣ
ţǿЦȻֹ϶һĨȣץˣ
ǺǺǵЦɽץҲϡ棬ϸǲǻ׽˼ֻҰץ˻Ͱ͵͹ȥҶ
ɽϵĶȻٵҲûУе˽ɽܴġ
һߵҶץס˷ķѼӵ˵࣬ţ֪ˡ
ѧˢˢؿҶס˷ѼӣѪʱġġ޾ɵ̼һɨգʪҶѼӣݵؿ
⣡Ƕô⣬һû⣬㶼Ҫζˡ
ʦѼӣáôһֻѼ
⡢ôʸ˰ɣҳԾզࡣ
һֻӲȺѧһֻķѼͲһˣÿ˷ֵ⻹ֳܷٳԡ
ǵ˵ؼ٣뵽ԳһͿֵҲűҸÿҪѣΡ
ϲ̵˵ʦǽмӲ˳ԣ
˵ذҶŷѼסѼӣëǶôĹ⻬ҫ··ĨһƵġ
ҶȺѧ˵ҲűģﰵûϢ
һֻáһֻѼԶʮ˷ųԣἸֻЩѧĸں̨ʮ廨⣬ֻС´ࡣ
Ҷɽ˼ף˳׽һͷ޸֮СҰ
ѧǵĻûɽ֣աʦҰ
ĿˮһأС
ţȺֱӿˣϵĳЦʱס


90 
Ⱥũ庺ӿۺÿҪ, ʱڳһôף˵ɽѹһһ飬ѶˣȵＦȥ, ɽﻹҵõҰζ
˲ɽĶþ׽ôණ׽һͷǴ˹, մĸ
̰.ȥҶ԰ɣǶӵɽͷЩͳͳǶӡ
ҶҲûһ, ˵ɽĶûдǶӵ, ƾԵĶ, һø㣿
ۺֱС, С֮շŭ˫ͨ, øһͷŭţƵġ
Ҳû뵽ȻһĻ, ŮǺ죬׼ɼܡ
Ҷһ, ֱİٽ廨⣬۳Ұ塢ٽ
֮ǰǰɽǹͷҰ, ۳廨Ҳٽѡİٽ廨۳ɵҰ, ¿Żǹһܵ
˵ǳ١ʱȺ§СлûüˣɽֵĺëһҰХű۶
·սĺ⣬׺ݵĵ飬˭ϡ˭ҪѪųسеˡ
ţ·˲ѳ, ƨرܱߺ˼ҵ, 컹
̵ﻹ˼, һȺҰŵñͷܣص캰ﺰܡ
Цˡ
ԭΪܳԶȴЩʳòҺòҡ
úݵʦˬˬˣԺû˸ˡ
ʮѧŵûŲ·ɢ漣طҰûעǣֻ׷Щܡ
ɽũҰĺУæũ߷׷׸ɽǴһͷٽҰûвŵƨġ֧龪ŭӵʣô£զǵҰæ
ҴûмôͷҰӸҲûִͶûĺۼôûоŹ񣬲֪ôȻǵɽҧˡ
ʵҰֻҶԸܵԼλã˻ۻɽɲֿһݡ
Ҷ⼸ССĽѵû뵽ѸĴˡڴӲֿȡһڣӵҰϡžžըҰǾ±ڵܵźХܻɽ
ţƨܵҶǰ⧲عᡣ
Ұڲ׷ˣ
ǰһĻղŴȫܵԶԶĸȥùͷؼʱֻҶͦһȺũ庺Ӳա֧µ˵ʦղ̫嶯ˡ̫Σˡ
ţ˵ɵúúñʦղ㣡
ͷҰ˿һ۶ĵ飬˼ʮûôҰԼղҲǽοһŮӣ
ţҶĽſӣ̧͵˵ࡢлաʦ
ҶţĿɫеˡЩسԼĿţл
ţرԱǲ뿪ɽ
ɢѧǾ£һӿ˷ܵĺ죬Ĩ˰һڣޣǵСС
Ȼ˵е㲻̫ղſúˬ
Ծɳϧ֮УϧֻСУжʮ
ȻûˣҶȡֻֻѼۺ϶ʮ廨⡣Ļ䣬ŮرҰѼܻ
ʦмѣҰѸķݶˣ׽ˣ
㵵ؿųܵļѼ죬Ҳ̫ˣѧֱһŨŨҸûˣû뵽Ȼ֮ϲǽ˹ʺ
һææҵ׽Ѽ
ҶѴҰпܻۻֻֻѼѸɽ
ѧһ·Ÿ裬²سᣬĿˮɱëһ˵ջһ׽ֻֻѼǴһųҲ㹻ҹ
Ůǹ⻬ëֻĸһֻĸѼµҶƽʱҪϿҪµȷʵ࣬Ҫ䵰Ӫˬͬˡ
ĥ˵ͷѸɻֽذʣļѼȫɱˡ
ظ˵Ľϣ׼ٺóԵġүǰǵҵĳӣϡ
ѧڿϴҰˣɱӣǰϧذëͼѼëȫռһֵŮͬѧ˵һＦëԻǮأëһ顣
ҶλŮȻһֻصСٱһӻĳ嶯̫ͻݡ̫ܸˣ
һ֪ƴ̣ŨŨζ˶Ĳ涼ģɬĶӲϵع๾죬ˮһһΣȫӳ˲ڴؿճˡ
һҰѼһ⡢ĢС͵ĳˡ
Ҷ󷽵عһһ׷ʱÿ˷ֵһ׷
Ŵ׷ζٿԼ⣬жЩᡣ͵͵ҧ˿Լ֣۵ðᣬ˻ۺۡ
ⲻΡĳ
׷ζ
׷йζѼһ˺ûκϣʴʵ˵ͷҪˡ⳴ģζ
ѼƽֻԼ̫ûζõζ
ҳԵöԲġŵֱáʰ꣬ѴʣĹͷװӵɽ£ûɽ˹̲ܵס˳飬ҡҡͷ˵ͷҲס
֪ũصᣬ֪һԲĶӣϴҸʹζ֪֮ǰûټ˳ԹһĻǻΪһеѧҲ˹伢
ҲûбǺõȥŸտʼ䵽Թˣӻںͷ

ӡ
һӵ˸ֵһţҰ׷顣ʦǴһֻСҰţȺۺŮ˵ĶͱҰˡ
˼ҵУҰܲô
˵аŲаţҰֻ׷ţǣʦȺѧһͷ˿û١
ǰҰɽҧöˣͷۼĶҪһ֣һΪҪҧü˲ſϻɽ
˴ӳ˵ǷˢˢؿȻһɾη
ҶȺ˷ǵһëû˺üֻѼɽɲ˵µͯ
֮ǰǶ˵ĻŽɣһĿĲòķڷ
Ϲɽǿòݶ˷ַƤͺˣﻹлҰζҶɽ͸˼ѼƵģô׵£
˼ʮûҰûƫƫţ˼ҵĶҰɽˡ֮˭ҶĶ
ȺеĴҲŵðĿҶҰˡҰѼ׷Ѿؼһ⣬˲Ľۺ죿
Ҷ׽ģҰƫƫֻ׷ǣǵù͸ˣ
ţȴһĬ֪ʲô
ԺӡҶڹؼʱͦģʱûһ˸ҿҰֻҶҰӱڡţݶ飬ԺҪúñҶ



91 
·ݡ
Ҷӵ½ĵ绰, ½ڵ绰½˼ԶѾӢһѧУ¼ȡ
ԼĲֿһϹ۾̨֮һǧ廨⡣ﻹǲֿ, С⡣
ҶȻϢң񵽹е޴, Ƿʷûк½˼Զ
С½˼Զ鲹·ߵ߾ȹ·ߣ½˼Զ
Ҷ׼һЩ͸ҶĽҶûϽĻ, װ˼ӹȥ½˼ԶͬеĻͳӵ, ǳɼѧ
½˼ԶҶ͵һʱ, ĵĸ޷ݡССһ, ۺǧԪڽۼٱֵ, Ҳܻ׷ӡ½˼ԶẬۿ, Щ
ûгΪʦĽûĹһ, Ǹ鷳ÿһǰӵذŢǰôصĶ͸
Ҷĳ˵Ű, и㵽ӢǱ֮ҪǮĵطкܶ, ЩԱʱ֮衣
λδĴУһ䣺ѧûй磬ǿѧȴй硣ϣѧ֮Ч
½˼Զ˳ȥ˰죬˷ɻɻɺƬ, һٻ, Ȼ֮ʦĽ

ҶԼ̨⣬ϼ2023, ǵذѧС߿ĽεĽĽͷ½˼Զһǧ⡣ôԵĽ¶Բꡣ
ҶġĴӡֿˣŮʿ͹ǱյԡĴ塱ż
Ĺͬ־ǴһҰȻɽҰԪһϣͬ־ӽ
˵ͣŮʿӹֽ˷ܵʹȥȫеĹ๩ӦȫˣеҲټӰ
ʱĴӵһҰ⣬ɲ˯ͷú
ڸӽԼǳԹҷˡȥԼ˭ûлصġĴ塱ȻûһͷĴ塱ɲµ˼
Կ϶Ĵ塱϶ͨĵڻĵү˽͵ɣһеסһƬԴĴ䣬ĸšʳ㣬ƽʱƱݶôϡ
ҹ賿㣬ͷŮʿźȦ쳣Ϥӡֻװһ׵Ϲ˵˫ۣЩ޴Ŀϲû
ʹţһֱæŰ⡣
ŮʿصҰһ350⣬ϼһǧ߰ʮԪ
ҿʱżҡ˶֧ԮǺܶǮ÷ֱӸ˷һǧ飬Ůʿһʱỹ渶Ǯ
Ųã˫˫ٴ⣬͵䶳䶳ݵݡ
һ磬ͽӵʮ⣬˾ϲ඼ˣϽٻؼҴ⡣һȫǾ廨⣬ӳ⣬ⷺѩϸĹǴֿɼʡ
ԽԽϲ̣оӶ˱ͷ

Ҷȥٻ¥ЩѧҪõıӡʣƤӲգһµᣬ˼ҵĹ̨һɨա
˳һ˼Ժʦӡ
ʦЦе˵ǰһǰԶٰӣ˻Ͱͻҵİӡ
ԼƱֻӡ
ҶѾд£Ժ˶֪Դȷ˹ǰ̣ܵɽ̡֧
ɽжãµ˶ԴܡֻҶŮͬ־һɵúõĴвƫҪ¡
ԭΪ˵¿϶ݲеòˣ˭֪һˣ˻ǰװۡȡҶָݣһɾİ䣬ڳ㡣ݣһ֧÷˸һ崺ĸо
ǰͬ־ϸ°Ͱ͵ظ˺üϸ硣õİҪҶҪȥɽҿǰͬ־Ǻൢ˼ң
Ǹطե͡żҵĹŮȥ£ؼֺݣڳдøĸ˵Ҳң
÷÷ŶӴ򷹣ѵɽϯĺ٣Ҷ֧ԮɽӦҺֲɵһǵĻϱ֯ģһѧһֱλ֪ȶǿ١
Ҧ˵Ҷȥ֧̣û뵽ҶȥɽŴ塣
Ǹʮءĸ￪źԾɰĴӶԣ·ˣϹԾಶҦǸ˼ֺ̡еһӶҶƫƫһͷȥȥǸطʲôǰ;
ҦҶʱµƵİ黳ɷԡϹ嵽ʲôطҶ
Ҧѹ˼䣬ֻ뵽ϹĲҶ
ô˵ǰĿǰѺҶ־ӣһһǧϱӵĹ켣νˡҦύ뾩ѧϰ룬ү԰ѻ͵ǰܴ

Ҷ׷ص£֪Ůѧֻ׵ĵܵǰ
ʦµˣԺܳϵˣ
ϴ
δɢ˷ܣֻĽһ͵ЦŵΧסһϡسżɵЦȺﲻϵطЦ
ҲżؽУһӭһ˿һȺɵӣҶʱ۾ĸо
ϽǰҶرϲѶִֻۣۡˣ
˸˵˵˳ˡʵҲֲǣ뵽ԼȻôãͷǶϡĶһ굽ͷԲһ⣬˼ʱ⡱ֶ۷̡
û뵽Ҳûʵֵ飬¾Ȼʵˡ
ͥĴһ˼ǵ˵ֻĸԺÿ춼мԡ
ֵöΪȻûһԡ
ҶЦݣ˵ǼЩѼ鲻Ҫ⴫⣬Ӳܹ̫ƽ
صͷ͵ǣҪñ֪˼ֻӻܰȥô
˵ʦ˵öԣǵýһ㡣ͳͳ춼⣡
Ҫϴ㱻ˣñ׽ֻô
ϣĵ˿࣬ú桢ֻɵģŵĵζÿ˺ȵ̵ģȱ֮оо˱ͷ
ЩŮѧ־ũŮӻ󣬸ũȫˡ
ʵȫΪǳԵúáÿصٶٳ⡢ʳܱϵ͹ȱ˶ˮҪ࣬Ȼɻ
ǰҶ˺ܶˮ鼮ʦżҲһЩ鼮ϸǡǶ˵īˮһũҵ·
հ磬϶鿴˿˵ˮ̫ѽˣѹ⼸ʳȱôҪǽµ꣬ǽĻ׸ǵĺ졣


92 
Ҷؿ˹ǰ, Ϊʲôִоʱ²߱оˮȻڼ䲻Ǳ־ǺֺУֻкԱաμ͸ɺ
Ҫڶڽģÿߵĺ
һյһµ, ӵţʹǾĥˮݡĥӡÿѧ۵໽, ũࡣҪÿȥжٴԣǿʰسˡ
֪һλµŮͬѧҰ׽ҰȦÿܼʮÿԳԵһˮ󵰣ĩٳԶٻĵ, ζɡ
յӻ, ӷ, ѳԲӴȥʳ, ÿܻܶһϸ֪Ļʳˮƽֱ, ³ǸߡǶԸˡ
³Եÿλϰ쵼Ҫ, ˭ԸߣҰͲԼĸ
żźСҰﶼζֻϧǴ֮ɽҲûҰˡɽͷٽĴҰ, ѧǾٵҲҴ⣬ǲʳˣ
µ׸Уѧ½ѧһ֮, ĺ͵ð˼⡣֪ϸĶÿһɹϹ忴, ˳ǮСɴ˹
ǮСɼҶرˣֿһ׵ݣʦּˣ
ҶǮС֣һöˮѼ, , ǸպڳԶ
ϵǮСʦãǰڰ칫Ҽֽһ, ĳѽԭһеʦáȥ·ϱűˣĳԡ
͵͵ǮСȣһʦֽҲ͵͵һȥǮСɵװ¶ˡ
ǮСɼЩһ𾪵ؿȺͬУʦֽǡĬװʲôҲûзƵģԴЦе˵ʦ㡣
ǮСɿҶҶںʦ̸Ц񻹺ʹǰûʲôԾȡ
ǮСɺͨŴҶûȥǸõѧܵɽû뵽ʦʦһоá
Ҷʱ̬ǳãȻϢһ㶼á
Щգһ¡֮ǰļ޽ӺȷʵԸ߲ǽӵڶòˡץҵĴֹͣЩо
˵ܸӣʱ¹Ƴ༼һ꿿ࣨ޽ӣĵڶֳĺȴݺݵ˸ͷͨĴϣΪʱ±˵ϵ¶Ŵѧȷġ
ڱдϵ¶Ŵѧ϶ѧĴţֻĬĬֺ
㲻ֺˣȥ˻лͷĵ˵ͲҶ߿ɲɡ
˵˵Ȼǣ
ָſƬϴˢ裬׷˵ҵ˼ҼɣҪ·ŵũ塣ʵҲںЩ֮·ŵĵطҷŲƬءܵŪԼ״
Ҷ˿ɶ£ҪϹ͸ˡ
ЦеؽʦϹôˮãļɫˣʳҲЩѧӶ˲١İʦҪԸ⣬Ҿȥ㰲š
仰»Ҫǰ䵽ƬرζЦѡ
Ҷ֧鰲£ǵ֪Ҫһˡ
һһ֧鵹ǲ⣬ҶȺѧ޸׳ٿײ֪࣬ʦȻƼģҲȥ
˵֧鶼ʼɶ˵ǷġΪ˺Ū˵ġʦҪôǾ֧˰죬ˬд˷ŽҶ
Ҷϵ˹ǰǰ˼绰ϵѣܿʰŰϹ塣
֪سһһСܶʮľɽû뵽ƧȻǸѣ
һеѧĻƹϳúҶһֻлһֻѼһ̺ռѼӡ
ֺǺǵظƣǽϴþƣʦ͸
²ժ۾ԷƬرҲ鼮ˣǿúҶιУٹǿ¾ܳ⡣
½˵ǵ¸¾ͿԱˣⶫرһѺüֻ̼ͳ
κģǾơ⡢ӵģ̫˳Ծˡѧһ˼һ⣬һ׷ѾСɽ⡣⡭ֹǸѣѵǻ
֭ס׷ϣ׷ޱȣãκ׷ӳųԲͣ
Լ۾ʲôʱϵĶ֪˺ȵģȻ׹õ磬˫Ȳƶϡ
ڶնһ뼦˿緹ſ췢һС
⡭⾿ô£˼µʱ

Ϲһλʦʦ֪µظɻϸϿΡ֪Ǽ˶оܲ˼顣
ô֪
֪Ǹеϡ˹ҲˣȥϿΡˢӣϾǴרѧУϽʦ̵ǳϽ֪ʶũͶ൱ʵ
ΪԼΪűԿ࣬û뵽ȴǵ˸ѡóԺúȵźţʵܶԵסԼµ𣿸м֮࣬ɻҲʹظѧ֪ʶ
Ⱥһеѧ൱ڲǮһרȻũۣ˻ϣǸܵһȫµĽѧʽۺũʹ˳죬֪ʶʹ˽
ͬʱҶϵ÷÷ӡһ߿ϰϣȻȺӸˣҲܵǵǰ;һ죬ԽԽĵ
֪ûôˣ챻ϳ֪㡣һѧǰͰ紺ʦǰСװͰ͵ͷ
ʵǽ֪ĿΣֻ֪һѶͷܹʤ
ֻ֪öҶĥӲݣʼԼ˽ѧϰһȥ¾֪˴֮ˡ
ѧǽθũԡʱӦη桢ʩʡ֮ҶΡ֪û뵽Ҷᣬȴѧôá
Ⱥ֪˽µ죬ЦЦ˵ʦҪǽãûб˽úˡ
Ҫ֪λһϣcеļҳ֮ͣйϵһѧĸϰϡѧ˴ѧҪһп϶ˮƽʦôʦôж
֪Ƿһ֮󣬶Ҷˡûзúã˳ָˮժ˹ϹȰͰ͵͵س˵óԺҲ͡


93 
ǡ
Ҧȥǽ,޿ǡ裬ȥһµĿΡҦϱӴᣬϧ˺ܾ,ûûлطϿΡ
û뵽ҶϵľȻ
·ݿѧ,Ҧһѵͬǡ·˼ѧԺԾ˽ȥ￴Ҷֵʱ΢΢һ¡
ǰͬѧشӽ߳,мѧۣôhʡ״Ԫû˵ʦ˵ƿ,ϧ˺ܾá
˵ȥ֧,λͬѧôȥ֧̣
Ҧʹǰ,ۣҲúܿϧɷ˵Ϊ˾ǣٵǰȴʱı⡣ٶǺܶ˶⡣˵ǸĸĻ
˵ʱס,ҲǸ˼,ʵҶͬ־ǺԶġ
ʲôС˵,ͽд˵Ҧڵķ롣˵Щ֮˵Ǹ,ǲС˵©һ,αٴҲ˵
黹һ۵Ĺ£Ҷͬѧ΢΢ۡ
ѹˡڶᳫˡ
˻ͺ,αҪѧҵ
ֳɼ಻ףиͬѧС˵ɷλ,ҲŻȻԭǾ,ѹֲ顭
Ҧߺ,ҶЩδıͬѧߣɷ鲻ϡͣѧҵ顣
һߡ
鲻ϡķͨǰͬҶ˵ҵĽ޽ڽʮһµ׽,ܴܻᱻߡҡ㡣
ͣƬ̣ﲻ̫뾩ȥ¿ˡ
ǰôһѣҶԼµĳŵԺֻҪпվ͵ǿѾʮ·ȴһҲûȥ
ʱĽȻûʲôֵòĵĵطҶʱ䣬ˬӦǰţ¸ȥǡ
ҶʱǴ˻һ㣬ÿʳط賤ʮѧĿҲԶٶȡգۼʳǵһǧ
ǰڵ绰ڲһ˿Ц⣬ţ㡣æʱȥҲһ
Ҷ˷ԼĲֿ⣬ʼļֻѼǰ⣬Ļʳ²̫ãÿѵȴܳԵ⡣
Ҷ͸ҰɽΣĸǰµȫĸԶǫ
ա
Ҷһ˳ǣһ׼ĸڡ⼸Ļ˸ԼʱϵȡࡢעҲ
Ҷ⣬ѵܹ̫ã
⼸¹ǸҶûԽ̬Խըѡ
ΪǴû˱ˣһɽӾҶꡢҰѼܡҰײűߣһҲܵһͰ㡣·ɽĶﶼƵġ
Ҫ˵£ֻһȺѧóԲļѼ⵽жһϸԼʣĶóȱľϸϸ˵Ҳϸߵ¡
еƾų⣬еԾǳԿҭˣܲ˻𣿱Ǹóľͬ۵سõļѼ
ģϹҰѼ㣡
ҶʹظǰֻɹɵҰҰѼ˳ǫʼһЩʳ

ھо
ϡ賿ǫƣĲصᣬͬסоԱĽʹɫ԰ףǫ򿪰һҰ˲ˮ˹ϡ
ԺغˮĲʹˡؿڵҲˡæлǫллϡ
ݵɶҰ˲Σҳͺһղȵ˲ˮҲ̫ˣ
㲻ôֶӡֶϱ͵ģﻹмʱȷʵǫֺǺǵ˵˵ͳ˲εݸ
ǰʱЩ⡢Ҳ͵ģʡ󱲶Т˳ȶӻġ
ǫͷֺǺǵЦǰȷʵã׶ӻסͷյcмĶżͨܿģŪԺ֪ǫռزյ
轺ݲ衢˿࣬żͷۻʱһɽΣȽо񣬹Ҳо
ΪǿȴʳȽȱоֻܱ֤ÿʹϸÿƬӪƬǿȵĹ֮£ͬеоԱԾѸݡȻǫ̲žȻûе⣬ɫۿɼˡ
ǫڴľÿĩԱ֪ͨȥ˼ʣһҶһϸɹɵֻҰɽζǫм˿ˡ
һϸᣬһ·ջ۵

Ϫء
ҶһǿۣһѽۿϣЦǺǵظʦһɹ
ųĶ飬ĩβ·𿴲ͷƵġȣǵŵž˺ü
տһۣ˳ִӶͳһǣƶѪӪҽԺȥɣˮûá
ѾֲˣҪǸʦһָֺεҲʱµѣ
Ҷ۷ŵϣشһ·Ϲ巽򿪣Ұʡ
ĿĳһȻסˡֻһȺŰļ̣ҶһŵľȻǼӤ
ϲظʦ죬Լʱѧϰѧĸ롢ĺȻɲȵͣʣʦզ
Ҷѳͣεĵطո³Ѹٰѳóһ
ձ³оίתͷ㿴𺳵һĻ
ԶмӤӡȻմСû˵ũ·Ŀȴһ¡ʮѪӿӣҪǰֹ
ʱֱĵĻ׷ը˹ˣŮӤ
찡ɱ˰
ôҰΪ
ܳȻǣһǹֱ
ȻһһʮŹȴӳͷףżڷһֲ£ϵ
ҶطԸգվңӡ𣿡
ҶŹȺˡ
éޱվˣһӤ׼ӽһüȰһŮ˿޵úɳơ
к֮£ɱѪӰ˵ҶƵ˵˵Ĵָʼ
ҹ࣬ƽʱɻƵʹӡ÷ڣѪ㣬տ϶Ѫֶ֮԰ɣ
Ⱥũ˳סһͷû⼸ۡʦ˵׼֮ʣ޺ҪӵĸŮ˺ӡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵ɶˡǴ֮ɺʳǸգܴ󲿷ֵԭŮӤɱࡣ

ʦո˵
趼ˣϽ
ˣ߲ԶǴ󣬴п϶ûС˵ɣֳָ㡣
ֱĵĻһ֣ʦˣɵȼԪӤɽٵ
ľˮ˫ľˮϣľˮϡ
ҶȻһ۵ĻضȺũ٩٩̸˿ĵĻνǰʲô̤աһ㡢һָͳͳһԵذˣС˵֮衢ȥɣϵͳиɻ
ķ⽨СӸû취ȣһЩͳͳˡ
ԣۣھ᲻ɴݡ
ҶһȺűˣԽԽ˷ܣȫ˵ϴ
ǸӤ˿Ҷһۣаۣʣʴģʲô
һһ˵ĺףʦ۾ͱۣϻôɶ
Ҷ΢΢һЦش˶еµˡһ׷̻ͽҪе½̣ɱŮӤһءŮԣɫ̰
ԶոɵˣʲôҲԶԶؿȥֻһȺ˷ӤԹԵҶΧֻͶأҶĴָ
Ҷôұ۴Ѹܻسһȣգۼʧɽ
Ⱥũ۾˲ˣȻǰȴذڷף׶ӦŽҪӤ
һ˲ͷƤ飬ɽشţ˵Ȼţ⡢⾹Ȼһɣ
ڳ˶ŻԴɵıȫȡǵȴûСһ˶ʣǽŮޣ᲻ŭ˴ɣ
ûûаɣһ˶Żش
ҪЦһ᲻ɴ
е½̹ĬҪ˵
ȡʳܶҪ滵ˣиоǱ˹
һʱ֮͵ĵĻѩطֱӿһȺµķ˿ҶֱۿԽԽࡣ
ղһΪʦҪȥۣû뵽ȴûУ˼·ˣе˹ִ޶ۡ³˽ûõģ
ǵʦޣûг廨100
ûŪҶô£һ·ϼĳʦˣǵȻ᲻ỹӤɣҪȥٱǣ
Ҷеؿų˵ģŮӤˡ㻹ǽʲôɡ
˵ŮӤӹԺ󶼲ŮӤˡŵǺǿģûԵʱȴǮݷ
պҶ֮ľšеˡĴ˵ʱڳǻȥ֮ΣеָǳΪͽ
ǰҶ˵ķ̸ˣΧļÿ춼˻ǮǽɵĹ¡ľһɡеµ̡ͽķ糱
ѾָԽΪɱŮӤɱ̫أӰ˴ӵơ⼸ׯճɲã˵Ļ˭Ҳ

Ҷ鿴һ۲ֿʳ㿴һ۱סˡ
ֿʳһǧû뵽ֵһæȻܵõ˾޴Ļر
Ҷ֪Լġеµ̡һۿɼٶȣѸšӶη˵ĳͷʼɻɱŰŮӤ
ҶǰֻɱŮӤںŮǸĸ顣Ȼһ֮ƣҶҲ̰ࡣóһʳ͸ľƴŮӤ˼ҡ
գľĴ񽥽˯ѹżм˼ҾϲطּһϸһʮĪֵʳ˲ò촫÷зĴɡ
лɣɾǼҵĶˣ
Щõʳ˼ƫƫǳŮıֵַׯںһ˲òеµ˵ĴڡֳĿеµ˵ĴǼǿۼɵˣ
˷ޱߣնˣ
лҪ˵
ƽʦΣ
Ҷ
ҲǣûС
û
˿
ٱǱ


94 
ͷĹһ,ĺϲˣҶúչѧиº׼ȥǵ¡
ļֵԽԽ,صλʳһټѾûмӦ,ûйӦˡ
ֱ֮ҶһĻѼһ·Ͽ˾ǡ
Ҷľ»أϱ˹ǰ,СսʿӦСսʿ¾
ɩӺã
ɩ,ãڹ,㣡һСսʿȥҶ,һСսʿȥ
ǰѺ򿪣һļѼȫסˣ𾪵þþ޷ڵ۾͸һִ͵Ĺ⡣
Ҷһ,Ǹе,õö𣿡
ѧ֪ʦҪȥ,޲ðСȫϡʱԼɽժĢӡסɽɹһ,ҪҶЩ̫鷳,
Сսʿع㵵ضҶͷõö,⡢ǡ˼һɽļѼѶ
սʿֻѼǰ,̶治Ͱ·١
ǰû¿α֪ҶִϢ,ͬеսĽرȻ˵ϱѽһļѼ㣡
ҪǸںƽ,Ϊõּȱ¶ʱڣҲȲһ㡣һļѼ˶붼˼
ǰƬ̣ôŵЦ,ţȽϺá
ɣҺҶǳԶٷóԶɢﷹ
ȫڵ仰˵սȫֱºֵܡǰ
ǰصȻǵ˼ĺӰҶྐྵӡ
²Ҷðϸ壬ǰԲӣǰ۵ĹϹˮáϹʣϲҪҹΡҵҶ˵ɫˡ
һɫ黨鲼ȹһɵϵںڵͷǰһֱض
Ҷǰˣָһǹѧģ㡣
ǰӹĬظҶŹӻ֪һ
Ҷ۹ǰʱᣬϰŻûü鼮һţֵ仹ҪϸһȫǺµĹ鼮һȫʲôԡߵѧԭ
ǰ֣Ҹ˺öóԵĶ
Ҷȡ˹ǰϲԵ⡢һֻɹɵĽѼӡƵ·ˣʮءµ㣬ɹʳﲻҪ̫㡣
˵иѧգرãĽˡƽʱԷһԣܳ뷹ĽˣĭԱһ¡
ǰͷллôණһ鷳ɣ㿪ģȥ˯ɡ
ҶĶȻ࣬˹ǲ鷳ˡ;ȷʵȽۡҶ˸Ƿȷʵо⣬㵽ǰĴ˯ˡ
ǰһ׳۵ļѼӣᵽսǵ𾪣ȻʧЦǰֻѼһֻӣʣµļȫȥʳá
ڳˣҶڴ˯˹ȥ
ʮǿҴۣҶ۷ֻص202xꡣ
ϳ극Ԩȡļü˵mɱ뵼ҵǲzɡ
ҶһᣬðŽϻݸԨһu̡ᡣ6dnanоƬļܹƣԽһ¡ļ#
mɱƼҵıѾãҶջع㸺оƬĿ֮ǰĹ뵼弫ŷṩļһʱʵ¡
Ҷ򿪵һţʮx滮쵼Ӳ칤ڲ۵ĵطǼſԮϱź
ǵڶλصִΪһεľ飬ڲæǱߵĹû꣬һӦûٴȥ
ҶץʱڵϣӽˮһƬհסҶйáϵ֡ϵ֡ԾʾΣֱáϵ¶Ŵѧ⵹ѳ˲Ϣ
1960ѾڵĶᱻΣ֮Ķû취Ҷһ㡣
вҪװ
һſʦʽԴ
ʤޣصҪռЩͦѵġҶСʱ1960ǰŴѧϣǿЩľϸֻ֮һٴ͡ĴָصһѶܡ¶ϺѼ˼ǽ
һ
û뵽ʦôǮ
˿ǻɣԵǧҶѧУǸΪһ︻ǿ۶ҹҵʦ϶ͬһ˰ɣҲ̫˵㡣
극Ҷ˼ôǰԼȻʧ飬뵽һͷʹ
Сʱ꣬ҶۡǰѾһƬѩ׵ǽڣǽϹŵдʺġ1960ǰڳм⡢ˡ
˺һᣬǰҶĶͷҲصʣ˹ҰѲ˶˳ȥɡ
Ҷ˿ϵͳǿһˡ
ǰҶʳһٷʢսᣬЩλۡ
ͼ顢ԳɽѼѼѪ˿⡣ۣһζͷϸһҧ顣Ѽ̲ʴʵûһζһóԵͷ¡ڳûĸĽǰġ
ڳûһĽǰĽһǧϱĽյϱʼĵʳĽϱԣѵ±ȽӻֵǮ
ҷ׷׿Ҷɡͻݳּңоɩķ緶Сհû뵽ôã
ǰǰ˵ܺóԣǰŲһ
Ҷͨ죬ֱͷֻһ⽴ģֻ˯һ̧ܳǰֻ΢΢ЦغȾƣûз˼
ҳԱ֮һȫƱԷޡ
󣬹ǰҶȥһڡ
дƼģˣϧûаʱȥһھлȥһ
ƼĽڿ϶ǼõˣգҶһȷɫɽȥ󡣹ǰûдƽʱ֦̣ͬҶɫϵࡣ
У԰ոϴѧƵġ
ǰҶͽڵİ칫ҡһλԼʮŮʿǺͰ
ʱ칫ﻹһŮ˫βŽ׵Ьݣ˫Ŀ͸ڸ˵غ̸
Ӱ칫߳ļѧ㽵ظ̾鲻һѧ˵ƿ֡һֽʲôţʲô
˼ҽҶͬѧĿꡢ룬˵ƻѧ֮Ҷͺܲˣû
ǰҶ仰ûסһЦ
ǰѹϱ˵ȷʵе㲻̫ѧʱʦ˺ܾá
Ҷ˫־Ͷ״ԲԲίǰ쵼ˡ쵼ûһúøպȡĽ
ʦƢҲ̫˰
ӽˮŪǣ
ʳ»¯һҲûȤ
ͬѧ̸ʱʵǰֻţһԼ˹ǰҶ
æҶʦд˺öᵽأ
ͿҶʱǰһ
һÿĹݿʮϲѹôϲͶҶĳӡûôá
һ˵ĲûһԽ·ӣÿ˶ֶѧϰҶһѲŷſĸоѧǻë
ͺɫѯҶһЩ£˳ʣѧУ𣿡
ǽ¿ѧƣܶѧʾѧöͦģҪǲϽѧУѧҵϾܶˡ
Ҷ룺ļǳ͵ļٶܲҪӦֳ͵ĻƹǺ


95 
ѧУ, ǰҶ¹ӳ˶ٷҹӪ갤žίᣬ֤·ͨҵԶٷйĴˡҲб˵ĺò, ˡ
ǰҶҸ׺ĸ׽, ҹӳԹĸǰйңҴ
ҹӪʦպܺãɬ˼ҵ棬ͷԣ˼ҵˡȻڻû, زҲ, ֻڵļ۸񰺹ȴ
ǰ˶ʨͷ㹽, Բ춹, һ, ƱʮǮ, һٷԵͨ˰µĹʣƽʱǰܽʡ, ֻкҶԷŻ󷽡
˺Сشӻͳһ, ȡϴӡõƬݸҶһŴġСƬ
ǵĽ, Ȼֻкڰɫյʮֺÿǰһ֦̣ͦӢվҶŨīƵü۾䣬һ
Ů¶׵, Լ˸Ц, ƬһŨŨҸ
Ҷ֪Լʶ״̬ģ׿ɼػá
ȡǮ, СĽռ档
ȳԣζ˿϶ỳġǰ˿ʨͷҶ
ҶʹԹܶóԵģҲԾɻеޣӦðմǣЩزˣҲŪĲˡ
ũ壬ɶܿԼ
ҶھǴһں󣬹ǰʽΡ´ʮֻΪߣȫԹˡһڣǰڵӸմ˹⣬ζ
뿪ʱڿת᲻ߡ
˶ΪҪפ϶Ҫɵģ׷׹ϲҶпҪȥִбʱȽУΪ⼸ǺзĹؼʱڡҶԹǰ˵ǵдŸҡ
æµ飬л˵ϡգգۣ˸ӡ
ҶʱרҵûԭģڵļĽ׶Ρļֽ׶λھãӴǲ㶼ѣߵٶÿ500ΣҶʱĹٶѾܴﵽÿ5.49ڴΣļ
ȱоʱӴļһˣҪһһʶּ㸴ӵĹʽ

գҶصϹ塣
꣬ԽԽɽ֪ȴһŻȣըˡ︺ӵ£Ҷ̵ķˮݣÿιӡ
ӷֳˣóԺúȵع˼£ÿ»һ̡ڳһ䷿Ӷط֮ǰһƤƤرůһ죬Ǵ˺üӱ¯Ե÷ǳ
ܶѧѾסϰµӡϾʦûӣܹԣûпǣұҵʱ¡
ǰżɽƶֻŸĸڳĹһݹھǳͳҪйȥˣڳֹۣ·ݴӼӼѡ
ĸĸдһͣˣ֪ܳŵʱ쵼˵ʡʾͳϹǵغż塢˾Ǿְķ֯ǳѾˣԱһǲɢѣ˵㻨󶹺ʤޡúô££ʱ¹⾰ѣȫ¶һ뻹ܳԱ
ԭҲúܼһˮسﵱ˵ͷȣѧϰͶ޲ʦһġ
ѧֵͦģΧתתȥʵܲĵģкȥ
Ҷġ칫ҡ˱衣İ칫΢ʵ䡢Ŵ󾵡ӳӡܶ඼ǻ˱ѧУ̭ȥȥ޺ٴáЩ궫ƴգȻճһģԹĵط
ϲϹĲҶÿ췹Ҫһ
Ѿû취ֱֵĿš﷬·ԽԽں󶹡߲˷СȤŨȷλС
ҶԼЩĬдϽ
ȥǵЩ죬ǰһ⣬еʱĬдϵ¶ŴѧıʼǱԽϵԽ࣬缢ƿʵطĶ顣ڹϲϿϵ¶Ŵѧ뱾Ҳǳ٣ֻбٵÿ񶹸̸
ֳ뱾Ȼϸ̣Ȼվȥʲݲݵдһҳӵ֡
˵ʦ㲻֪϶˵жҪ
ֱ˯ͷˣϵ¶Ŵѧֳ˼·ʳҹϡʵ飬˵˳Ժʱ䶼ڰ칫
һºһЦţ˫ֵ˼Ȧ̲ס˳顣֪˳Բᷢ裬ȴ֪ԭе˺óԺúȻһ衣
Ҷʦʲô£
ֺǺǵز²ʦǷʲô˵Ķͬ־겻ûʳˣ
ڳԵʳ󲿷ǴӺһһģһ¸ǷոպùûǰСӳֻõĺһʳ
տʼ»ãԽԽѻסһ⻻ףһֻܻһף᲻̣⣬ֻܻ˵ĸ档ˣǵԾǺԽģϾܳԱܳԵ⡣ڵ֪Ѿ˿ʼԹˡ
տۣż˼ѺҶǰȡϹԱҶѾһʳյջȻٵײּģȺ֪Ͳˣƽʱûкúø˴ýﰴͷʳʱûǣǵӹúܼѡ
ӹټѣҵʵʵģرԼܡ
ȥĶ켴١
ҶŬʳѾֳĴÿֻܼһֻʦһֻʦʣµֻԡǲȵһĹʺ˺ɽС
رСܣվȵķԭײһСֻһֻʣֻˣӵذһСȫˣһֻһֻѾɽܡ
֪ӴͷСζˡÿڿúҶιݣüݡķƳɻϡ
ˮÿͶʱǺܶݡ
֪˰ĺڿջũ˪֮ǰջ˪֮ĺᶳ龥Ҳۿۡ
Ҷоȡһš߲ĺһһšĳɹҪǵĻоǶšһĲҹƲ̫ǧ
Ŀǰĺ߲ĿԴﵽ3000ܴﵽǧԭһĵءʩķʣȴܶһ˿ڡ
Ҷ˻һܣȥѲӡÿĶʳϽ2000ѾĶأʣ°ǧ
Щʳ㹻ǳһֻ꣬Ķʱȫ嶼ϺջʳҶٵؼһߣÿÿ찴ʳ㣬100ĶϹܳʮ껹´࣡
ֺǺǵ˵ûԶġӲôߣζЦѡʳǿʣ;㣬ͷӡ⽡ֻϧޣʵڸ߲ôӵĶ
ϣȺ㣬꿼ϴѧȡδʵΰĿꡣ
ҶȰˮ
յҶʹסˣǲҪˡһһСʵĶأ


96 
ͷ̿ʿѧĸ߷ʱ, Ҷ򿪲ֶֿⷢһʳ
ҶϵŮʿǽһسǵĿͻʳٶѾܳܵ÷ΧҪչһȶĿͻ
, ȥسﻻشסʱҶµס棬׸, ʮ׵ζ
ͷŮʿӵҶʱĿɵȻû뵽ССġĴ塱־Զ󣬲չһĿͻ߳CС󡱡ǿ
ֽ𾪵ðû˵, 鸴ӵ˼ŸλظӡԼݵǺԼ, Ҷ֪֪׵Ҳ, ɱ˾ûôɿˡ
Ůʿ˵뷨෴, ֻҪǻʳ, ɶ˵ǰô, ҪҲûɶɶҪûУҷᵣġ
ڼ, ʳ˵һΧ˶սдסۡ, ⲻһĹʺʲô
ǲеó, ۸Ҳ۱Ⱥϵıˣһء廨ѩͰһ񡣴׺۶һƷ㡣룬ǺӴ˴Ľ, мһ𣿡
룺ȷʵûС֧Ӹһظ, Լǳҹߵӣײˡ
Ůʿ˵, ЩǸذҹʳ룬쵼Ҳʳ
ʯ붮ֲ֣һ˳ԶʳδĵֻаѴҶˮŸȫ쵼ѾƵƵʾĵĺ⣬ѾڿҪҪܸĴˡ
ظĴ塱żʱһ˼ǡ̵ֱ̫ѣ϶ܣһ벻ȥٱ˴ķ붼군ˡ̫Ҳܣ˻̫࿿סֻʵĵˣŰϡ
Ҷյ֮ʶ˼ĴͻԼʶĿͻͶٽʳϪطٽպܿյȥһ׻ᡣ
ûȵĿս⿪ʳűӨĴ״ӴֲڵĴкմֲڵһѩ׵ĴףһǵĿˮҲӿ˳
׻ûѾôˣ
һ.ȵĿڴƵģζβھǰŮ·Ƕû취ĿӴŲ
¿ǻﷺĵĿˮҽ飬ʳҪʡųԣ
˷ǳͬ˵˵ûǰԺˣһ򵽴ײ˺ˣ´ξûôˡ
ǰǶûл򵽴ˣ
յڶشﱳʮףһֻѼȥʮף졢졢졭һ֪ѧڳԴף۴ҸмҪûǣ˸жˡ
֪߹ģÿһֻһһһ׷ӣ֮һˮȻҹУȴû㲣ۿɼһ㡣
֪ҶѧŪʳףж֮СǶš˸˼ѪƵģöΰҹ˲ȥѧȥϢ޲öʮСʱͶ뵽ϡҿҶ֪뷨϶Цáʵϣġʳĸ
Դо׶ΣʳѾǲ˼طḻҶ̲ס룺ȳɹʱжٽѾȲصȴĵˡ
Ҷûͼ۴һʵ⣬ǿһһʮһһ˽һʳ׬һǧԪ
Ϫصմ˹⣬ССرһڸÿʱĺѾ˽סÿӦʮ廨⣬һһþҲûеĺáҺ۸ҲһʮǮ˵˶ܻˡ
Ȼ֪Ϣ٣ϢǺģ˿õϣ
ǶʱաɹƷԼż˼ҴƮķζǿζ벻ЩʳȻԼʦ
ֻϧʳӦúܲȶһ֮ûӰٹһʱָֻ˹Ӧѭ׽һɡ
˹ĸҶʶһЩʵĿͻӵһӴĹϵϵгسµۻԱС
ϪɳϪظί.ǡسCаٻ̵ɹ·ָ¡ҪҶظ¡װ׵ʳҪ̲ס˼ˡ

һȥ
оͣһʱ䣬Ȼ۹۲ϸӣȻ۲ӽṹҪõ΢־ֻıһַǳȽûꡣܱ˼ѧУûҵ΢
ҶڿֻBѧУУʹС
Ҳ׽ãеŸҪĿֻһͨרʦӦʡĿƽ˾򱨸оʹ΢ʱܾܲʡƽ˾׼ܻ鷳
Ҷû뵽ں洦ɼĹѧ΢鵽ȻΪϡģ
ʣҪ𣿡
ɵۣ˼˵ˣǷǿɡֻǺȻԴҷӵĲȥɸѡҪ״äĿػʱ䣬۲״롪
ꣿҶҲĻʡʱͷҪ£
ʦ𼱣°ϣԼظˬ˵
Ҷ˵ԼĴһ󵨵ľҪһ΢ʱģǰʳõľ޿¡
ȷ߱½˼Զڹ⣬æ΢йϵȥһ˸۳ǣֱȥ۳ǹ΢΢ûдӦúܰҶҪ׼ܶǮ
Ҷϴȥǣܵ׶ۡǰȥ¹ӣһٷ֮һĹʡҶİҪʳۣ
CҶҸ߻ʵԶܲ顢ܲ鵽ǧ֮һ۵ũʦͷϣ
ãķֽһɵۡ
㿴ңҿ㣬ֻֽдţͬ־Ůʿ֪ھǷʶɿͬ־Ǵˣ˴ʳͬ־ҪȥһˣֻҪǽܽЩͬ־ϵַĽǾС鷳ˡ
ź룺Ҳ֪鷳Ȼ֣ôʣզأءĴ塱ûǣŴߣֻҪϵʽǡ氮֣æġ
ǡ鷳顣ֻѵϺȣĴũǿ׵Ķѡ
Ӧ˺ܶʳʳĶӣŹҵݶմ˹⡣Եúá˯úãͷµȻˬλĿۻһټƽʱáʳ⽻١
ϴιԼ쵼ܸĴ塱쵼ʳ⣬мӡ׵λһֵߣµһ֣
ûСĴ塱ûнĺ£ССȻҪ㣡֮󣬸Է¾顣
дһϸؽ˼ɿˣѹСש¡
ԸǺ˰ɡʳܹٽ۾͸ˡ


97 ΢ޣ
ǡ
ҦǺ, ʳ˺ܶCһȱʳǮҲ࣬ʳмСɵػ˺ܶ, ĺԺ
ʳӡ¾ȻģҦ궼Ϊ֮Ķ۷۵, Էų˵ִšǵķ۸߰ѹˣֻҪһʳͿ򵽷ӣӶۡ
죬л˼ҾҪĺԺ˻һٽﾫϸǰй۵ľ, ҦѾȥܶ, οҪһٽﾫϸҦüͷ, е󡣵˵Ǻ󺣵Ժȥһۡ
Ǳߵĵضκ, ĺԺ޵úƯ, ʱɧͶסһƬ
ȥӵһ, ȧǸݣ¶ϿҶ嵭Ц, Цеҵζ˵ϴԺӣǰЩеԺӲܱ, ұ֤ҳƯĺԺ
һĴԺ, ĺԺǾǵĸ̣Ϊ˸ӹ˹ǷӣſڵʯǵĽʿʣԺ˳ӡ˼ɽ˹̨, ҦһԺӾϲ, ֮ǰĺԺһȣȵ߲Զˡ
һͷ, ˵ٽﾫϸŻ
˵Ҧ겻Ҫˣ׵ҡҡͷ֣˼ôʳ
ٽﾫϸ˭õó֣һڻðˣ΢΢سҦЦҰֵģһٽͺá
ԭǸͳһ˱ԺҦŤͷˣʵϲĺԺƯһ۾ˡ
˳ֵ˵үҵģиƨϵһﶼУûҾͲˣ
ͱˣӲֻͷ˵˿Ҫˣ׷ʲôã
ӣۿɼɶʹͳݸҦеӡ
Ҧ¶һЦݣŪԼǩֽʳ
ʱ˸ͷӶ˵һ仰ǮһʳĲƭ㣡
ͷı߲ˣҦķת飬ȵȡҲˣ
Ҧʵϲ׷ӣһһ߼۸һٽﾫϸѾǸгۣͷ˭һóôʳһĺԺҦֻʮﾫϸ
ϵЦʧ˵Լ۸⣬ǿ̽ʵںûг⡣ǿңҵʱҲ󡣡
ҵһЦ֣壬㿴ǰҵĹ˿ˣ
Ҧ֮ͷھӲظ˵ãһʳҶӸҵģʮﾫϸҡʳȥ塣
ͷŽɣһƱȥͷĶӡ
ʱ֣رʮʳ⻹ǿСͷӳķϣȸģͷĶӣȽɳΪ˳ʵ
ͷѣԼҵʳȸǡ
ǡҦ˼죬ҪӵǼҲûҹǵˣһƬҲĺԺ
ռԺӡ
ͷףŶڹҿûӣ
ܵӣ
ͷȱǮÿ¹150ԪʳһʮһһµнˮԻʮﾫϸӣ㹻һ˽á˵һСĴ塱ʳʳնˡԲݰæ˶ʳ
ӵ̫ˣ˶Ǵˣһˡͷף۴ıʹ죬ԽԽжֱ㣬ȡգ

ҶѸԼĿ˳һʳ뾩ǸСƵģϢյǧԪĻؿǰһǧԪһǧԪ
һʾ޿Ҷ̫ȷǮһ̨΢ðΣջؽһݵ籨Զŷ޵ѧͺ磬ʮɲǻ£ҶģʮѾصԼʱˡ
½˼Զյ˵籨˷ܵһԾ𣬵籨ֻж̶̵һλҶ²ĵ΢۸æϵӦ̡Ӣ¹Զ𳵱Եִ½˼Զ˼ֽʰϳȥ¹ĻƱ
½ôô˷ܣͬҵ½˼Զ
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ʵϹ϶Իż½˼Զȥ΢Ȼʧܣڿü
ļˮƽܵͣʹõײĻԣӲܲ˴洢ؽ⡣ҶܿдһŻ洢㷨ĸ½˼Զһĵ籨Ҷ˽ǧԪ޿ʹһԺ£ͷڵѪ
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һ̣½˼ԶȻһŨŨĽ;塣˺ӻѧ¬˹Ҳ⣬ƽʱϰñǿͻͬȴ㷨ǰͷ
ʦд㷨½˼ԶˮƽԿ͵͵ܳһݣԴպϸС
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ʱҶԵʡ
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ҵ죬ʮʳҶеȱδй˶ʳһʱȻ벻Ҫôǡ
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һһҹͣһǵС壬ƶңĶǷĴСһ֤ͨȥ۳ǽӻһĳٳδѾһֻϺк
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Ҷ΢Ц˵ʳҪƱ½ûĺ¡ͣ۸ͦʵģǳԲԣ
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ִܰ࣬ģһ͵ⱲӶûԹôóԵ
Ҷ20ֻܰŹС˳ԡǳԵɤӸֱۣۡſͣ
ʱŮǵ֣Ƶĵƹ⾲ڲװεķϣ˵Ĺ⡣ѩ׵ǽڹķԱˮԹ֮ʱһĵζ
ѩһ˵ĴȴʮأǺɫǻɫĹװвдеϢһ·˲ٰۡҶӢ͡Ҫ𷢱۵ķԱӷ֮Χӵʱ˺ܶࡣὲӢ˲ˣڸ۳ˡ
ߵ˵ﶼҪдӢģʹ˵ӢҲҪƴӲռмʣԱ㿴ÿҶƽʱץӢץúݣպȻǿóӢĵʡ
ӢĺӢԱͨʦȻ
պȻһɾ壬Ȼ֪ʦӢﲻԶԶȲĿ𺳡
뿪ǰҶ˷ԱһСѣѩֲȰСջٷϰٸ۱ңһʹֱѪ
Ҷǧĵ籨ٳϰٿһٵķͺܿӦˡοһˣʳˣʳζҲܲ
૵ã÷
貵ĵƹάǸ۳ĵĵŮȶˡá·ϵʮɫ޺ơ·Ʒ·ҹͨһҲ۵ѡǳƶҪӱʱ䣬һ춥࿪СʱٶҪ۵ˡ
ǳ극ʱѾˣ͹ݺķûʳﵹˮͰͷ⡢׷ҶʹòˡҪҶţѩҪǰȰ˼ҲҪ˷ʳ
ʦҺĽǡʲôʱϸԣӣո̾
յĸ̾ҲǴҵ
ҶյͷǴ½Ժԣ
ôܣ룬ʦڿЦˡĽĵ˶һгϹ巭ҲҲһɵ洦ɼֵ·˴·ǻһ굽ͷòһ·ľС
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Ƕã½ҪܱѩĬĬ룬¡
԰ƶǵǲǻũӰǧꡢϰ궼ģĸı̫ˣ˺Ժʮꡢϰ⸱ģ
ҶЦպԴ
Եġʮ󣬻кĳԽ˸۳ǡ
һˡһŬѧϰԴԴϵĻᡢ۾޴ĲƸǲܹϸһǣԺĻԶܳԱ
ԲԱĽˣǸ㣡
峿ǽӵ΢ȻǺܴһ˴Ű˵ǡ
뿪۳֮ǰѩֺݺģҽ̵һʼǱЦǺǵضԴҽ͵ѵһˣ㶫ûһȥһҪѸ۳ǵ¸Сѩǡ
˾ʦͿϵǮ˼ֻܰ
ѩҪҶ˵Ӣ¸ĺǣǰúͺãǿǡ뷨ıˣһλȥ֮ҪһҪҪŬѧϰ
ֻŬѧϰܱЧǲл۳ĺӣǵˣԼҲҪѧϰ
պһѸٵؽ
·ϣһֱڻ۳ǵ顣ؼסʦǾ仰ΪֻҪһŬδܻлĺӡ
վִԶĸ۳ǲϵغˣһڵ㣬صԼļ磬һ︴Ӽˡ
۳Ƿ½ƶ̤ϸ۳ǵһܵ˺ۣܶ˲ԾزһŨŨԱСҶ˵Ƿ塣˵Ϊл֮顣ȥףˡ
Ϊл𣬼Ϊ˵Ϊһ𣬹Һ͸˵һܲɷֵġƶҲûеûš

CС
½ѵ΢ʽ׸XXУԼ̨΢ҪʹȨ鳤ͳУʵ֮ʱɽXʦʹá
ͬʱѧУͳһһϵʵңڿƼ˲ŵôһŪȻԼġʽʵҡͳӵԼ˲Ŷ顣
Ҷû뵽½ôʹһ֡Ͷ͵ǡǡãõ˺ô
ԭҲƻģûü½̨΢֮ףҶáģ˱˾ôɵ
XУ½һŪɶͷԣȻֻһͳȷʵҲΪʡȽλô᲻¡ЩʡƴҲûôƵģѧУĽڼȡ̨²΢ΪҪʵҡҪɡ
֪º󣬵áֲش˴˫֣ڵͨ졣

ҶЦ˵ʹõģʦúðȥ˲ȫȫо
벻Ҫȥоɣ
ǣšѼʡͷεļٹʣѼˡһôõʵңѾٵͷӣһοЩĸжöˡȻȫոµģȴٿѼЩ̭˵Ҫǿϰٱ
ʮϡʵңһĨӡһвֲϸææһҲв̨΢ĸαôҲò塣ÿһXʵԴѧɻ

Ϲ塣
պصϹáڿ족ˣڿȻƵģƽʱֻóԳԺȺȡũȻͷоӢ
ҶȻһֱиǲǲĸ߿Ǻܶ˶ûͷ
һƾѾ㹻ϲ´´ࡣ֪СĻǲˡһ棬ϹҲͦõġһȺȻڿ㣬ͦӦġƽʱԺһɢɥϢ㡣
һۣʦ״ȥ۳Ǽʶɶզ˸Ƶģ
Ҳлȥ۳ǵģ᲻Сӣûʦһȥ
պʹ˵ڸ۳ǵľţŸ۳жôԣ㿪ʳԲ굹Ͱţ̵ɰ׿ˮȣôҲۣ¶㽡
찡ûԹͷͰŮͬѧզࡣ
·ƳҹؿҼһϵ磿
ڼǰҲû¡
ճʹصͷǵģǵӾôã͵Ӱһģһ
ǲѽǻģٿӹʲôʦ˵öԣδҪˡǶŬһĺҪԲ𣿡
յһȺδʮ֪˼ĸ۳ԽãԽĵʵΡΪʲôҪ飬ΪʲôѵΪܼĺʹ࣬һĺӸžͬʹ
˵źȻЩѹƲͷۿ΢΢죬ǻѪδҲЩ𣬸ĸдŸдд¸ڣܶ˶ͷ
ڸ۳ǵϣǹͬĿ˲͹ݵķԱʣͷһѩֲȥͷˣҺñʦסˡʵҲȥĳ嶯ҪǹһβԺȵӣĻȥͷ
ѩһ󳧵ĸǸĸбҵӢѧѧһֺòˣʫửдһֺ֡ȻлǸͬѧʦǲˣΪʲôôҵӣ
պԼȸ۳ġͬҲȱֽϴġǿ
ֻ̫ˣ;ֱһӡʦĻԺһ١ģǰҪŬ


98 
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Ҧʮ, յǼҲûҹʵϲĺԺĵһһǿҵԤ, ƯķҪӴûסôõķӡ
ҦĵʱͷͷһƲñǿ׳, ˵ǲˣҦŮʿûģ
ͷϲҦ꣬˵ƵƵ˭ȱʳҪӣѾĺԺ, ȴռ׿ɼǸ̰ġ˷Ӹ, һʮڼڶʮƽĹײķ, ӹˮ, ӶˡͷҲڴլһٽʳˡ
ͬǵʳ, ˼ҡĴ塱ûô, רŶڻʳ۶ǰ·ϱơ
ıӴҦ, Ϳ˵ҦС㣬лչˡǵѾ, ӡ
첻, ߸͹ȧǱûôţӺ촽Ҳٲ԰סĽʳ⡣
ͷһװҦ֪ĺԺǳûпˡ⻧˼Ҳȱʳôذ׵ˮУ뿪ǰ, ֮, ʳˣ
һ㶣ͷ
ͷݺݵصһ, Ŵסûϸ˵
Ҧ룺ȻˡһƬ˼ңҲûг۵ķˡһƬѵռһȫʳ⣿
ҪʳúһƬ˼Ҷȱʳ
ͷոտеƣӴԺֲϣܽôȵʳܲסҦֹʮ׵ˣôῴʵϵȣֻзֵĹղܽǡǵȥʳ
Ҧôһ룬һϤĸоӭCʳҲȥģܻӡǴCеͬѧһҺʳҪٻˡ
ȵȡȣģգ
ò˵ҦмͷһȷʵԶݣǹıáȽһïաҲǷŮʿ÷ݡ
ïպͷھӻʶġ
ͷѼʮʳԭΪһεȡĴ塱ʳ֪Ҫȵ£û뵽ʳû꣬˼ֿʼʳˣһҲյǵСֽһš۸
ϸһ廨ʮһ֮⻹кסѵȵ߲ˡ۸ϴν˲١ͷжֱλүȻۣ̫ˣ
ͷ׳Լѹ׵Ǯһʮﾫϸȥͷһʳ

Ҧȥ֮˾ţ֮һ˿ڴʳԼ͵ļ۸
ƲӵʱǼֵصʱôôʳ
ҦֱȻʮŭ˴ԼĺԺļƻô˵ʳβ˷ļֵ
ҦѾһʳеĹͬʱܶ˼ҽύĹϵʽܳ㣬㣬˼ȥҦΪзһʵ
ѵʶһƵĻᣬڶѸۻʲ
Ǯר˴ЩȻʳ˼ңĽûңһԪʾ޿㹻ܶˣͨĹнͥԲһ¶ܲôࡣ
ʳǮһҦԸø߳һļ۸չܹתˡ
ҦʳյúܼѣûԸǮʲôѵȱǮҦ겢٣Ծ顣ʱۡ϶дţһʵʱʹ
100%ʱ͸Ҽ̤˼һзɡ
Ҧĵط㹳յһľϸŰ׻ĸǿۡʴһ¡Ө
ɷȷʵҦĳöˡʳȥոǻɹģһڸȻǷȱһЩ߼ʳõþعףʵɫζȫн
ʳ˵飬ʮһﶼֵ
Ҧݶһ󵨵ľҪǮչʳӦվգжն١Ҧļ61꿪ʼ⣬61Ȼ.ֺʮһ׬ǮᣬĶʮɵ׬Ǯˡ
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ͷԡĴ塱λүøжȺܸߣܸм͵Ĵ󡰵үȫˮ֮Сá顱һļ۸߼ʳЩʳ㸻ˣ.ٵʳá
ͷüⲻạ̇̄˵һƬȥгһҡǻȵسʳ
Щ˳δѿĿǳȻͬǵүĴ塱λүͷ黳ģνеǲذʵøͨϰյˡ
ܿдһݡٱšĴ塱װĴӣǿ²֪չǵʳëǮһʳչһһתֵõǮܻرأҲϣԼһƬѪ̣ͬ־ӣ

Ϲ塣
Ҷܿյ˷յϢ㾪ȡ
ͻʱ׷гͻеүʳ治±ץҶʱһֵͬ־Ȼš
ЩʳѪһȺѧĺˮҶǵѪ˼̤
ܿ죬ĺȽȵȡ̡յԡĴ塱Сֽ
װͬ־ԡĴ塯ӵˡǺ͹ĻһһΪܶЧģϣĿǰƶ⡣Ĵ塯ŵԺʳǼۣǽ˰ʳ׬ȡг۸Ϊ뷴ǣЩͬ־ᱻȡʸ񣬸λأϧ
Ҷžֲˡ
ʱܹܲܲ˱ĵΪڹ۵ʳΪ͸ҵķƵģٱһץһҶǿʳߣ˾Ǵĵү
ˮ˪ǰһܡ
˪ǰ죬ġͷá
ջ˵ĺϹһӺ˷ܡǻƬظֺ˴żЦ˴ꡣҶʦ˵ЩĶǧһӾܳüˡ
оũﶼ׺ܴﵽ˼ʮĺﶼֻҪ֪ջǧػǾֵˡ
˵ſգҲе˵겻Ⱥ֪֡
մһ֪С˳źٲաƬԭֵأĵź±ú֣һͷȥܻڳ򾡣Ϊÿ춼ɹѼķ࣬ƳлʣһƬʩʣһƬʩʡΪ顣
͸Ҳվ﹡һջ֧ϰʽˣںڵú׾ٵؾǣһµк
Խ۾Խȣʦֵĺǳϵķʴ󡢽˶ƺס֧ͨ﹡ߵСϪϴ˺һҧȥ
ţúܣ
Цúϲ£죬ϲʦô󰡣Ҹұ֤Ķٵǧ
ǧĺѾ˲ˣֻڷ˳ũźʱŻķաǴĺֻÿĶǧƽʱ2000~2500ΪˮٵԵʡ֮ˮ͸ˡ
Ƭֵ֮ģˮ٣ֳĸͷǱ˵ĶҲǱ˵ؿüˣ
֧Ŀ϶յ˸иɾԽԽ˺ƬصնٺûзһպһȺũԷ˺
ҶվڳʳĵذԱߣһһӡ
ڴĿУ˵ر֣ʦʵһջ3202ʵջ2576
˶һ𾪵Ͷϲ£λǹǹﱬһѵصĺȲѧ֪ǴͷҵعƣþòϢ
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ո˵ƶҪˣе֪׵šȲţ׵աϹũҲܸˣûĸܹɼũӣ
죬ϹӢۡ
Ϊӳ鲻Խ룺Ҫǿ˴ȫ嶼ĺܽԼĶأԼˮӡܶʳһĶĶѾѪҺڡ
֧źӣϲ̵˵Ҫǰ꣬Ǵͳ
Ķǧͨ˭ȣҿ֮ǰĶظ֮ǰҶ˵̫ð֧鷴ûˣҪǵʮĶظǴĿˣ
ⱲͷһЦôģѧȥ۾Ҳ⡣һ۾һ²˵ΪǱһ㣬Ķпܴﵽġ
ǰһЩһ᲻֧֣Ķʦ̤ʵһ㣬ȲǰҪһڳԳӡ
ǰꡰ.Ծ.ʱڣĶﲻǺöطĿںڴĵ׵ηˡ
ʦǴɱֻףɣ
˵㲻ҪǴûȻۿ϶Ҫɱڼƣ
˼⣬ûСɽͷСȻ᲻ɱģ϶ܳˡǴķʱڣʱǡǡá
¶׵ݣˬ˵ûҲܳԵ⣬˵ĺˣȥʦմմϲ
Ľõ˵޳ɣȥѹ׵ʮ˳ղɹ⡣
ĺȥٽڼоʣµ11356鵽һӵУϽҡԭӽ꽻͹ˡڼָһôٵ£
˹֮⣬ζ׷ʳʱһÿּܶʮʳڶӵĶԱɵ룬ҪǵѵطָǣҲֵܷЩʳôһ벻ۣӶˡ
ӵӳĬصͷԭ֣ΪȺ֪㲻ʲô۵ûģȻ˼ҵĺȡŸӵյԱǴĿ⣬ʱй
ҶŴͷɥĶӳˬ˵ȿˣһֺ
ӳŵʱֿ˻ϲ̧ͷʣģ
϶صͷģջ϶ֵ࣬Ϳˣ
ҶʱЦһţˬЦһһ˶ˡЦǳϣʹģһɨΪϵĿɬǺܾöûôˣͺôſˡ

˵һѩֽǵؿһЩ·ߵ˺šűмѩصĳУమʿԷʳ˺ֵָľ˳ԡ
ƾ١ůȫġҿűֽظ̾Ǻ˶ѽͷ˭ȱʳԣʳ˼ҴＷġ
ʵϣЩʳ治˼ҴＷġ
Ҷӹ㲥źأҹʮʳһⰮŸԼġ̡ǣװͬ־ǣĴ塯˵˱ѩֵ飬ܳءʶҹʮʳϣԾౡ֮
ѾϡĴ塱а֮ãΪصΣշӡٶ˼ӣһ£ҲûΣᡢңĺܶ¡
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ոֻӣӵƤһ֬ζˡִӱ¯гɾȵС飬ŽùͷõųԡгɱƬ¯˿մһȦۡմŽϾųԡ
ټг˿ܲϡҶųԣζˬڡ
ʦʦԿ⣡ֵߺţ˶룬ճյŷ⣬ס̿ˮȻûжӡҲԣһɱֻôݳ޵»ͷһ
Ϊˡ
Ҷ±ʣһ֣ѽԽԽˣԺ󿪷ݿ϶Լ
ЦЦҿɲҪݣҪũ񣬵ʦֳ߲ʳũ񡣡
ͰЦԺҪŬ͵Ҫ𴲣ɻҪϸѧϰҪڷܡ


99 ׽棩
һ֮Ķ, һȡů
ҶһȥСѧϿΣչչ˰С
˽
һкץһſһкֶ, ۾ڷһֻӵ, ˰һڣڣζܲ, ǲǸоܱˣ
صͷ, ó, , ⡭, ġ
ͬţ˵, ڳԷѳ, ǲǺ㣿ˣѾ˺ܶ, ӿűˡѾܱ, һҲ
ǸԾɺܶΪ󲻳ûԹĶţѳʲôζ벻ӻǱġ
ţ̾һɥ˵ҲûԹ, ˵óԵĶ, ֻд˼ҲųԵϡ
һ˵һ͵زĿˮ, ȱ۾ĸҪ
ŬҡͷԣóԵĶк⣬Ұ˵ȫǷ⣬һһڶԷᵽ۶㽣ˮøˡ
Ҷ˱֪ҲûԹ⡣
ţóԵĶǷѳŲʲô©
ˣһһڲԷóԵĶʲô
ҵķѳһڣܱһ꣡
ĸóԵĶ࣬˴˵Ķӷġ
ҶһЦоֲֺЦ
СĸĸȥļģƽʱŴӷȼӣһʳͳһ죬ЩûҶҶʳ
ȻֻһٱһٶôûбΣաֳ߲ǲܶˡ
ĺԺܶ˵شڴܶ˼õĲ𡢰ϴ·ũ
ҶСᣬԸѳͺʱûˣʱԹˡ
óСԣǿسԵ̻ʣԹ˻ϵµмԵøɸɾĴָҲ˱ɾ⣬·𳴼óԵĶ
ѧ´Ҷ˼š
ҶΪǹǰŵˣû뵽ȴǴCмġǺ÷÷š
յ÷÷ҶЩȣ÷÷кҶ˵ԼĽʺҶµ˳һ÷ɲˣҶΪһԲʲôֵ飬÷ɲ˶Բ
ҶЦã÷÷ؼһƵĽˡģ֪ġ³衱ÿγԷҶ跹ϲ
÷÷ܿյҶš
һеʦֵֻԽԽأȥѧУ˸㡢ǡ긣ȡЩÿµʮʳҲﾫϸʮɹɺ
뾡취ʳȴջ޼ÿʱɩǾͻỳǺܺõҶ
÷÷Ѿ˼࣬Ǹѣһ÷ɲ˸Ҷ
һںյҶ޽ˡ
źһͣɫը⽴÷ɲ˵ζҶµӹûȻ⣡
ɩţ仨ĻŭţʣҶȥ֧ȱȱˣȥ
÷÷Ҷ뿪֮ǰԺ첻ȥ˿ԵȥʱֻһЦûзϡû뵽仰һߡ
÷÷ϽҡҡͷǻǱȥˣͦ׵ġ
ţ仨ϽȥʰӺ÷÷ǿȥΪѧУĹʴܲţ仨Ѿ˺þõ硣һĻˣȻû½̸УǽһȺµ޻Ǵ´࣡
ҶģҪȥҶæһũأ
һں
Ҷ֪ҵ֪ʦǰͬ
±ʣæȥڿ˼Ϥס
÷÷΢Цؿţ仨żźҶĺʦѧʦȻҲˣ
ʦæҶ֣һûʦֶ˺ܶࡣСͶˣûи鷳ɣ
Ҷ뿪һк˺ܶ£Ĺ½յºܶ๤¸ڣܶѧѧˣѧУѧҲѧĲɣΪûʳԣҵ˼棬ʦҲһײһӡ
ʦȻҶ÷÷ְǰͬԼҪȥͶҶһũ塣һ̣ʦĺȻˡ
ضһҶ߿󿯵ڱֽϵƪɷã鼤˺׾Ҷ˵ⷬʱ־緢ģ˵Ҫһڽ
Ϊʳԣ˵¶һһʵ֡
ǺҶһĴߣֱѧѵ¡߿ǰһͨѧϰϣ˸߿Ű졢һȫвĿĳɼЩͬܶȼյӽֻ˰꣬ȴİûзһ㡣
Ϊȥļ𽥱ľȻͬǳԲβԼһ㣿
˺ͺ÷÷һľҪ̡֧

÷÷ֻһ磬û뵽ϼҴڡضˡҶ鷳ʦ˵껰ʣǻ᲻ʵڲ㣬Ǿͻȥ
ҶǵĻҡҡͷˬЦĻãһ·Ͽ˰ɣԵ
ȱʳ¶죬Ҷ£ȱǵʳ
Ц߰ӷָԡǸũ͸ǵģֻǸͷζЩᣬóԲꡣ
뿪һǰ˵ӭͬͶʱǴԼ÷һ¡û뵽ȴȻͶˡ
Ҷ뽨ũ壬ȱľǺ÷÷ʦһ˲ţĴѧũ壬Ҷ˫ֻӭ
ЦЦȤ˵ˣ֮ǰúܶˣã
Ҷʦ֪ᣬܶѧϳǣ˵ü˵û뵽Ƨȥʦ
÷÷֪ᣬһסӺȻסˡ
Ϊʱ䣬Ҷѧ³˺ܶࡣ
ǰҲ֪ӣȥȺ֪סҤ˯ǿͷʮ˯һţҹҪѣȥ½֪ÿ˯񣬶ಶÿԶȥĵң縺ſĵΡǲҪгصɽƵũ
û뵽Ҷס¸ǵӣǽϸĵطˢһ֣õ衢´롢ůˮ䳨©磬߽ȥůڵģů˵
Ҷ϶һͷЦصݸǡ
ȵӣոٺóԵġ
ͷһз糾͵˵Ѿһζͣͷˮ۵ġƤ⻬ڸо֮ǰ÷÷Ѿ˺ܶĺͷ
һΧմ͵ЬӡõĺũЩũϢĶѧϰ鼮һСڰ壬ɼǵܷḻ
Լû뵽Ⱥѧũÿϻᱻץѧϰǵѧϰ
ţ仨ǰһֱͷֻͷӿҪ˲ſͣס֡
ҶԺÿͷ𣿡
ţ仨Ͻѯ֪Ļʳ׼ٻԺԹõһ٣ԺûͷͷҲС֮ܳԱУţ仨ʳ
꣬ѧ͵Ц
ҶҡҡͷЦ˵Ȼܶٶٳͷ£
ţ仨ǰһڣɥˣղųͷԵ̫ûԺԡֻ̫ûԹôʵڵͷ״Լ´ģζ˳һֻһֻҪʡŵԣЩͷܳһڣ
ҶһĲ裬˵ǳͷżҲҪ׷࣬ζ
֪﷢һУú÷÷ܵҶµӣ϶ţһз·Ƶġ
ϣҴһƬĢѧǶֵúȻֻȺմӳԵø롣÷÷ȵӶҪµˣǾȻɱһֻ廨⡣
ϲؽܣÿĩԳԶƻʳɽࡢ࣬ʦÿܳһֻȫջܼ⣡ϹĲҶҲһԱһ裬ɵӶ
÷÷ܵѧǸǻḴӵ飬ԭΪԿ۵ģû뵽ȴǵ˸ѣ


100 
÷÷Ȼ˸ѡһʱԾɽܲ, ԷʱҲ̫꣬ĵذҶ룺ʹҶǰʱʱһЩҰζô, ȥ
ʵʦ㡢ţ仨˵̬Ҳ, ҶеǵǾԲ¿Ӽԡ
ǶôϡĶʦһγĻ䣬ͣҶ͹ǰ·ͳԷ졣
ҶЩЦãǾнԵ, ϶١û¶١ǼѧմѼʱ, Ҳ˶١һֻǲó, ִŵֻŷҶû취, ֻðɵ, һ,
ֱǼ˺ܶܶ࡭
ҶСظ÷÷˵İ, ʳǳԡֻܺúùͺá
÷÷߶˵ôƤѽ㡭Ȼãǡ̾˿, ô, ̫˷ˡ
͵Цǿ
⿿Ͷˣǿϳ˽֮ɫ
ûǿǼʦ˻ֳֺͨ
, Ҷżʦȥɽʦߵɽ, ȻѨƵģð˵
÷÷ס, ⣡ǡ
ҪһƬءҪ֪ƬɽӰΧ͵͵Ȧ˼ݡ
ҰȦë⻬˶ҰѼͷɫͷѰļѼҪǱ˳ΧݵĿ׳ۣһֳ
ҶóԵĸѼһֻһֻѼƵɽȦžͳԲˣǲų˵
֮ǻͷÿιݡιҶˮ;ȻҲͦɹ۵ġ
ճ˰ӣЦƵ𣬡ꡪʦ
Ȧﲼ˼ʵʺ϶Ϊϧлϣ
ţ仨˰ϸɻζѬʺҲÿɰȦͷˮ⻬Уﲻ˿ˮ
ȵˣЩٽ˰ɣ
ҶֵЦ˫ָ˵ǾĽũģ±ҪɵĵһյʵֹͬԣкܶҪ˷Ը𣿡
ȫĶǧĳƻδĶǰ˷ܵظҶͬʱоס
ҶҪҪһƱģָСŬԼҲ÷
ҶºϹĴҶζȿǰǣҪץסλᣬϹũ壬ʱϹ彫Ϊ
ʷϰշĳڴһܵ͵ķ
ɽʱ򣬺ʦҶΪһ߳ˣȻҶҵ˰ȫСڳһֹĹУԴ󲿶ˣũֶٶܳ⣬ʦ޲ϻһ˿ͬҶһũ塣
ϣصʱ˯ڴշתߡȻͬ㣬ǰͿСյǱˡ
Сѧʦȴ˳еʦ˼ҡһֽ˸Сȥ˲ţѧУʱ츣˲ٺӣ츣ũ塣
һסǶԵģ
¹ҲЦȻҶ̸ǷжôңԶĪ

ǳġȴܹԲɻ
ҶҺʦϹ조˼ࡱǷΪʦʣϽ״̬ͬŸɨäࡣ
ʦ֪⣬˸ɻ֮ǰҪ˵˼빤ãšһĲźð¡
۾˵ʦĸ߲Ʒֺã༼Ҳú߲Ҫءũûоרŵѧϰ˺п޴֡
Ǵ⺺ҶĽĿΣ˺ܶ⡣Ƶġһš༼һҪĶ߲ĺƽʱһȺһרʦũܲ˳֣һֵ˼⡣
ȥˣ˵ĻҲҪϡ
ĺʵʣҪ.ũ壬ֻǽǵ±ô򵥡ȻҪǾҪĽ𣬴ռũĻȻ鷳Ч޷
ʦ²˵ĺҪֲʶһôʦĸ߲༼
ҶЦŨ䡣ˣһ˿϶ûоȥ¡
Ҷѧóʦѧһ17ˣϹ154974˻9࣬ǡùʦһְ࣬Ϣ
¡£㡢ʦҪɨäʱ򣬻ϲĻŭš
Ŀȵؽǰ⼸˿һǶ˲ˮһ֪²סˣҪҪǸǼӣ黶ϲľǺ޲ð¶Ƶġ
֪ǰʦĴѧͷѧëǣʮϡǲΪΪƧ֧һܲ׵¡ĸʦһǴѧɽȻѧʦⲻðʲô
˵Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôҴĵ׵ظмǣʦʦСʦǶһһ˲šҵĶ֡
ʦĬ˵ʵʲôأѧôѧҲһ
ס
һ΢ЦŽ͵ҶʦʵҲƴѧֻûбҵΪպòμ˸߿ʡ״Ԫ
˶٣״Ԫ 
类˵Ѩסˡд𾪣۾ɳƵģһ˸жеޡ
ҶȻǷ˾ͶƴѧĻϹ壡֪£ҶʱֻϵæĽţû˴ѧ
֧ѧҪɨä̶˵ҶʦԭǸ߿״Ԫ־ϲôһ뾹һ϶˯ž
ʮƲƲ˵үŸˡǴܴӦȫǴϴ֣дָҪǵƵġ
֧һϣǾǲѧҲøѧֵõǲ룿
ڱԸͷȴȥӣǴǶϹٸԣһٱǮôѧϿΣǺ˼Ӧ
÷÷ڽŵرдĽ̰úϹĳɨäͿˡ
¡£ŮٶٳյأѧʦΡ
÷÷һ˽ϰٸˣҪͨռҪϡ˼Ρ۵ɤӶðˣȴܿġԵø̤ʵˡ


101 
ĺĶݱ, سǵ쵼ݺݵسһһô˳Ծ֣
ģϪضҪˡȫضֺ, ﻹԲ
سѯеعһϹĹ, ֱָĵʣǴĶ𣿡
ظ˵ЩۿųƵģһˮ
سݺݵرһ٣ǴͶչĺܲ, ͬ־Ҳһ˼Ļ, ĹҲúܺ, ׻㱨϶Ҫ, ȡȽ
ú, ϲ˼ˡǰȥױûϹǵ׵, û뵽꾹Ȼܹ
سдʱȲҪϢ㱨ϼ, ѻ㱨д꣬ȻǰꡰԾ.Ĵ, һǧǸ񲻶ˣسϽĩβһ, Դչ鹤֤ʵĲﵽԤЧȫƹ㡣
ϪصĹϽʡ֮ʡ쵼Ҳסˡʡίһͬ־سһȥϹ忼졣
ʡίͬ־ӢʡίγίԱ, س찮Ӣеظ, ͬ־ˡ
λ쵼裬˵ʲô滰, ֻǺصػش𣺡࣬ӦġҴλ쵼ȥƽʱֺĵأֿĺ
Ӣ죬΢Цʣǡʦ
Ȼʾ䣬ȴ͸¶϶
ҶЩܳʶң
ӢʡίԱ쵼ҶƽʱûлӴģΨһһѡʡȽʱҴҼһ档ӢȻ˵֣Ҷ⡣
Ӣ۵׵Цһеʦӡ̡
ʡ״ԪӡҪһЩģҶϹʡȽӢٴϹǲġ
̸Ҷ˻ϻӣʦǴܶæ˵ûǴ϶ֺĵضҪģҪûǿ϶ظʦ֡ǿһֱʦѧģϹմǵĹ⡣
Ҷ仰ݺݵΪ˸ޣ˯ͷ쵼ڳҶҪץסҪ㡰Ȩ쵼ԺĹźÿչ
Ͻ̵Ҽ֣ȣҷ˺صĴӳҪءڹҵġġʦоѾܶ꣬ʱҿоһҪѺֳɣӳҪء
±ϾǲԵģΪ˼¾ͺ˴Ը֯ϵĳͷ
໥һۣͼ˵ͷ
ĸ߷ڡߵˣô͵͵Ȧݼ֪ȡĳɼ˶ٿ࣬Ʋ̸黳翵ġ
˻ϾͲʣԲ̸ʲô룿
ҶĻ䣬صҡͷ̾˿˵Сաǧ˵
˵Ѱҵİ
ϹĴ˶ˣʦһһΪˣʵʵڵظ˺ܶ£۵ΪǺá˶Ҫܳͷûˣ
ȻһʼеԹԣ˶ҵ˺ܾǵĶӶںڡȿ˴˵ĶأĶϺǶ
ûʦȼ֮ķգ
ʦɱô˵ɷˣǼ۳Ҫֺ˽Իأ֧˵
ͷⲻһ˵ľǴҾһͬġҪд۴Ҳһд
˷׷׸ͣԣǴôĶضֺرҲҪֺġ
ũ˼ܼأô֣ʳҪҡ鼯壿˵ʵѧ֪෴ǹĿ࿴ȹʳ֪öˡܸɻܹ׺ܶʳз
ӢؿҶһۣڶ̶ʱڵõô˵֧֣ɼǸʵµˡ
ͬ־ô˵չоܾСڣûس찮˵
ԼѺĶһ˭óȥ˵٣ũоȱء豸ѣܸóɣҶȴǵԼʵΪˡ
ꡰһšҪչʵ飬Ϫؿչƹȫʱɲֹһ飬ءʡҪΪԵоҪɹͲ̸ֽ¡Ҫĸȣôܣ
ȻɹϪظģΪس찮Ǵĵֵ֧ģСʲô
ӢҶȳдԸΪһеı飬һһڵ۾͸Ŀ⣬ȵü޷ֱӡ
ӢҶ˼Ƭ̣˵չⲻ⻯ʡ쵼ܹʳ⣬Ϲб°Ѹֳ߲֯Ͽ϶һ֧֡ͬ־ͬ־ֻһоϣѿҡ
Ҷһ˾񣬴ˬ˵л֯κ⣡
֪ᱻˮйͨܶӿʡ쵼һźЦݡⱲӶûô쵼쵼Ҷ̵ġ·Լһ㡣
һȥֺǿءֿĺͷǱ˵ӢŴĺƵƵͷ
λ쵼Ӳһ磬һټ򵥵緹뿪
֮Ҷһۣ߽ǾͻവʦղӦúǲ
ЦЦһжʦ
һоͰˡ
ʦǳ׷ҶۣͨղŵĻ൱쵼顣Ӣ찮ЩԺ󻹳𣿱ϾδѣǿҪ쵼Ҫ֯ġ
Ӱ׵ʳֵַÿÿϡ
ȫ310֣ÿëǮ389ʳ
ֵ׳úܶǳĽͬʱһֵëǮ˼ζֵܷǮˣ
Ϊǽ˹ҵʳǴĲҶòֵǮˣȥһֵֻŷǮʳǮֻ˽Ǯܶ˼ҴͷβǷӵǮԻ弢ģһˡ
ʳӵķֺǮÿЦݡ
ÿ˷ֵһٶķֺ졣Ϲ巢ЩǮΪҶǮʳʣǧ飬ĻˣίɲһϼƣɴǮֵÿϣôꡣıķֺ졣
ѧ֪ǵһֳϣõеһݹġʡĺǮǿǻϲЦݣЦгϣͷһξǵġ
Ҷһǰ׼ȥ˺ü˺УҪõߡһײˡˡһԴ100廨⡣ն棬Ҳ̫ˣȻֺ£
ƽʱس߰ˣһײ룺ҲʦԵʰɡ
֪ԼװʦֻǼ򵥵صﶵһȦװʳ廨⣬ȡȡ٣
Ҷľϸָѧؼҹꡣһ250ס200︻ǿۣÿ˷ֵʮסʮ︻ǿۡ
ľϸļѼǮġ÷÷ʦҲоϸţ仨õϸʱ˶סˣֻ˶̶̵Ĳһµʱ䣬Ȼֵܷϸ
Ҷ΢Цصͷǣĵ׼סһ£Ʋ¶ЩʳǴӺģýҪıץ˾ͲǺˡ
εؼŻľϸѧϲ̵룺֪ʳؼңĸжˣ
Ȼ²طʳ⣬ΪԵʣûмĹʳؼǵĸĸӦҲûкúóԹϸˣ¶Ҫ׷ʲôζˣ
Ҷհ廨⣬뿪ǰÿ˶һس
ٽ꣬ղݼ١øɻرģµر㣬廨ʡͰָ񣬲ϺãζĶҰӲرŻоĶȻˡ
úܲͶܿ̿࣬Ҷȥһɣ
ѧǸжԭ겻оϸֵܷ֡廨⣡ʦ̫ˣĸȻȳĹ˻ǿϼ
ҶŴҼطԼʳ۾ˮʪģжһҪ޵ģĳСһ
룺ûϢ㶫ʲôȵǵʿϻҪḻʱô죿ứؾ
Сѧ½½뿪Ϲ塣
֪ﻹûߵˣҶա¡ҶûߣΪǰԾûݼ٣дŸݼ¹ꡣ
ȫ֣ͷϵо벻ˣ޶¹ꡣ
ǰյͬѧЩϸĻ˼ǲسˣɽСݶ֣ÿιǲĻԼҲץʱѧ֪ʶٹ¾Ҫ߿ˡ
ǰϴѧͬѧϹţɷˡ
ǿصѧϸϸõĴѧУ԰ʦƲѧͬѧѰŽᣬÿ³ʮ֮⣬ԼҲ˽ѧ𣬴ѧĽѧһٶ飬ۡ
˵ҽʵҰæһҪ޷Cй꣬ȻҺ뵽¡ۿǷܶĵطһҪȥϹ忴ǣ
ʵش̼⼸ͬѧһеĸϰֲˢ
ҡ
ãϹ岻ˣǰЩӸǡ
ߺǣ֪дˡ
ӹͬѧĶغɷ˵ˣԸ¹˺ԼͺãĶ
ƧʲôöҪＷʳӼõ𣿽մ򿪰һӨĴף׵ҫ۵ĸǿۣ˼ǣȫ˴㵵УһֽʵʵŵС
ĶӲͣͣһζ⣬ɹ÷ǳʵ΢΢͹⡣
ȫ羭һХ˼顣˳͸ʳƷֻӦĸǿۣϢշų賿Ŷӣһּɽ˺˺üĶӣһľϸûմţһŴײˡ
תתӾȻ˶ʮﾫϸʮôܽ˲ϲôܽ˲
ʳЦ⽥ѽǵģϵż֣ǰӡԴ׷꣡
ѹֺһźǿҪѼʳ͸¶ݡھӡɺ͸Ǽʮúɣʲô˵ǣڡ׻ʳǿɲ˼
ʳȻҪ͵ã
Ϊ¼ľϸ⣬̵عһڡ

ȪС
˹ǰоԺԺǰܣǫȼĸˡ
λǹǰͬ־ǴӾ˲ţģҵѧĪ˹ƹѧĸ߲
ǫ΢ЦŰ֣ڴסýˣҺСʶˡ
ǰ΢΢һЦ׵ͷ
ǫŹǰ֣ϱǰոҼ˷⣬Ѽһᣬҷһ㡣
ȫԺ˽֪ǫиТ˳ġϱǰԭǸܶĽġɶӡ
ȻǰеԼ˱ͶĿ⡣
ϣǫѹǰ˻ؼңҶ֪ɣɶҲûĸ㣬ҡ
ͬɵоԱΪ˻ӭǰĵĵ˶һأ⡢ܲ⣬ɳУһ档׷͸ǿǶУֻżԵ滻ζ
Ҷ˻ǫʳ֮⣬żһЩϡͣ뾡Ļʳǫĳһдᵽȱ߲ˣλͬ־ΪȱĳάأѪ
˼ͼɹɵĺܲƬƬݫˮСʱܳԡȻɹɵĹʧ˺ܶӪܱûеǿǫﶬͿǲάأˮȣ츣оԱ
ǫ䣬ǰ˵ǰ϶ûЩ߲˸ɡ
ǰ΢΢ЦȷʵûС
нˣҶ͵Ľ˶
ǫˣԭҶ˼ңǰû١ǫùǰпվ͵ԷǽһʱæùǺʱԷǴ̣ʱǫĽѼͳͳɲó
йǰĽˣ򿪾ܳԣʳ׷ˬڡ
ǫƳԷ轴ˣɣ
ǰصĹڸһ䣬ʱ벻ˡ
ǫԹǰ˵ʱæµĽ׶Ρؼҵ¾ͱˣԺдŸҶ֪أҪϧЩ塣
ҶյŵʱѾǳϦˣд˽޷ؼңҶԭ¡
źҶѾ³ǰںͬһط˵籨ҶCͬһ籨дڽأһûлؼҡ
ǰժһСʫҶڲװʫ
Ҷ֪ΪЧڸһΰҵЩȣԭʧԼΪ
պʦҹˣ䣬ٲˣ
µҹǲ˼ķʢΪͷһδˡӵ¹ꡣĵɱһֻҶ廨⡢һ㡣
Ͽʼպͼѧڲܶҹһߴߴؿˣǳ֡
˶⡢ϲӡ׷šĵζϲӾQҾϲ׷šõ׷⡢ĢüáһҧȥڵŨ
֮⣬ҹ㣬ŮǳϲԣһϴֻҧϤϤһֻ
Ϊӭ˺ܶ㣬˷Ѻܶ฻ǿۣΪ߶˷ʳȴԵ֮ȴ˷ˡĸʵ̫óˣܲŴһһһֻڿڳݼ㡣
ķһֱûͣһֱͷԷ۾¶Ҹ߳Ա߿䡰óԡǸҲʣⱲӳԵõһҹ
յĴ˴ҵҸУִġһ˹ӵĴӪڼɲӪҵ
ҹ嵭˴Ҳܻؼҹϧиͬѧɵʣ˵ʦǲ֪յգģ
Ҷ޹ֱۣ̯ʾûС
Ȼһôһ£ҵɼҶҪܶͷѧһʦͷʱʦ˶Ӵ֣Ǹ˾ա
ʱҪ׷Ҷѧɲֹôһ㣬ִһʮüˣվΪһθɻҶϵġɲΪͷ


102 ΢ޣ
, ʲɲ
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峺ľҺŨľ˻ǰЩӡ
Ҧĸĸü, ͵ؿ
ŮǸ۹ˣһʼǾ˼ҲȻǹһοӣ鴦һ׼, ҪЩֵĶǣǾ趼Ǵլӡ, ʵϲֵǮ, ֵǮĶúõš
ǿྡ, ˺ӡȻȫǰ, ϲࡣ
ǰŵķ, 㡢㡢ǽơ¿ɿڣͷм˼ܳԵɿڵķˣ
, ҦĸݽԪԼԪʽ, ø߼յ˾ϸ, շתڸ֣Ϣݺݵش׬һǮ
ظ֪ʱʳǱصҲй¶֪
Ҧʲɲ˶׺լǱȺǼ˼ҵĺԺǿƯ, ĹŶ, մɡʯۻҡ
ʱ治ĺͬţǼ⡣һֱǼ˵ĺԺסĺ÷ӣ
ȻЩլҲǼҦ, һݡͳЩֵĻɫͳƾյ¡
ɹץס60׬Ǯᣬǳʳʤ׬˼Ӷ׬ĲƸǳǳűƣžΥÿҪǵζ
ҹҦҦĸ£Ҧ겻˹ǰ
ǰѡǸѾͷ³ԶҹӸⶼѡǶסڴԺǶӣһͷҰһ˺ü죬緢ģúöŮͬ־ɵĽʱкܶŮͬ־룬ԼǸжҸ
ҦѾĽǣӵеֹٽ֪һУҲڵѡ
ҦָŮһץס·ӣԼı£Ҫ˸л塢ЩˣûǾûӡ
ҦĸŮ˿⣬Էʱ˵£óԣŷʦչȻãǵǿˡ
µҪץ⣬ϾϳϹˣ˵Ǯþͺá׬̫ࡣ󲮲кܶſ˴ڸϽȥɣ
Ҧ֮ǰиһƱֵ˼ɹζѾ᲻÷
ôһܹ׬Ǯ·Ӱǰͨ˿Ҳӿ֡

ռҡ
ͷдŸҶͶߣ˸߼չʳء
ʵڿɶ񣡡ͷ˫ֱ󣬲ͣߡǮһջȥתͷʮһﶼҪͨ˼ô𣡡
Ҷյٱ֮Ѿ飬ЩЦãԼȻô൹ү
ͷۡ
ͷܰдٱţÿζ߶߶һѵү֣˳Ĵ塱ֻʳֲˡҶ룬пչܵùӴ
źͷٱһԺٸǹӦʳ˳дһƪСôһʣµġͷˡ
Ϧ꣬ͣؿʼͶ빤
һ˺ŮԹһ緹̻سǻȥʱＦ⡢ʮﾫϸⶼʵʵģһҩĽƵġ
˸жᣬһͷҪҪسϰࡢŮҪ飬㲻뿪Ϲ塣
ɽ軨Ѿʼѿ³١
ҶͼѧɽϵȦȦѼȦһ֡Ѿ£Կʼ֡ʱҲȣ¶ʮʾ⣬ĸĸѼǾ߱
һΧȦһس룺ʦڴ꣬϶ŪһֳʱȫصܳԵϼѼ⣬ÿһֻ
Ҷĵؿһ٣־Զ
޾һũĺӡѾץסũƶսĺģǾˣչɫҵ
Ϲûŵ㣬ֻɽܶࡢˮԴ档﷽ҵƽƽȴʺֲֳҶ꿪˼С꣬ɺ꣬Ҷ÷յĿԺܴ
Ҷѧһʮֻĸһֻʱѧȥˣûôԡĸ˺ܶ൰¼Ҳ񲻹ǰѵˡ
¶ˣȦһӶ˰ֻСƼҶȻӲǼĸ
һֻѾ㹻һֻѼĿǳɹۣģûʳιˡȻһֱˮݣȻռޣٶȲĵٶȡ
׹ˣһֻ粻ǸԼġ
ڹ꣬Ҷֻȥ
е׼òסˡ
̲סһֱſСÿԲ۾ƬƵĳǩƵСȣеľ˲סϲ
Ѿûˡͷ˶ûʳԣιȥʱȫ˶ڿװоװоڹȥԵĶ
ҶˣǴҪҪֻ
겻ͬ꣬ҼһһʳҶɶƵĶˡǰû취ǴΪʲô
ݺҧ˵
ôĻ֧˱ǮҶȥ硣гѾûмˣȻ֪Ҷļ磬бõЩϡ
Ҷ˾ηû첻ɵ£
ܿ죬Ҷ100ֻ硣ļСǳҪһ䱣ԺõӣרŵĶԱչˡ
֧һӣܶǰˣ˾ĵ޲޺˲ŰѼŽȥ
Сݵʱ򣬼ȫ˶ˡһȵĿⶢǣ·𿴴ϡ䱦ǹϲľǺ޲ðǺƵġ
˶ЩǴϣǣζŴԺ󶼼ԡ˲ܹһӶô˻ܰһСȴ
ߴߴۣ㿴ֻڵĳ濡
ǳԵúö࣡
ЩʦģˣܵǹϺ
ô༦磬ǧҪչ˺ˣ˼ϸϸضСڴ
Ľ𣬸еĴһ޵ϣζһشƶԱůĺӡ
սãҶʼȰ֧鲦һɽͷרȦ
ǰÿÿϼֻûйǼʵڹСÿһֻ󣬷ֿ϶֧ͬʱŵһٴ˻Ҫֵÿ˼
Ȧɽͷǲ֧鶨ؿҶȻϵ۾ϻɲͿҲһƬκˡ
ʦɶ˼
˳ĬãҶһڲ裬˵ûҾ˼
ıӡžһ˵ϣˮϡ˶壬Ĩһ´ɱӵϼ
ڣʦⲻܣǱֵַũǡ塯β𣿡
˵Ǹʱ壡
֧ԾڵţһĶӣûϢʦģӵġ
Ҷ˶˵ίԱ˵ĸҪſȥɣſÿӡϹҲҪѶٳɱļԱ˶ܳԱÿӶѧϣ𣿡
ҡͷ
֧ͷ̵غȲ裬ʦ˵е㿴Ǵĸɽͷʺ
ҶϵñȦһɽɡɽƽͣ磬
֧ŵõһȥɽϸǼᣬȼһŲɽιҶ뿪ҡ
ߣϵһִ
˵Υߵģũ񣬲վͬ־ֳǹҵ¡
ȻǸɲӵģϵ
֧Ĭһᣬʣһ˽ԻأʦҳԹαԹķ࣬һˣĻûġŴ˰£ܹӡ
㻹벻ˣ
⻰ҿ
֧˦˶һۣʮ
µĻζˣǶСġģǱַֿԼͶ׬Ǯʲôԣʦ˵û±̸ܽʲôǣ˹ϺӵĹأǺõĹء
˵и߸ڶš
ίԱ翴ԭҲֻǼ򵥵ؿ˭֪Ҷǰ˵Ƿسʱ͵ͷɼ˽ҶˡӢȴòŴӦ˵Ѿ֮ȴԾĬΪ
ӢһϳҶ˽Ҷ磬֧ϸط
ʦȥʡ״Ԫ˼ҿϸΪʲôҪɡ˼ҹҶΪΪרǴƶͼɶһ̲࣬Ҳ˼ҷǽ
֧ʱΡΡͳصǷݱֽֽüӴֱдǾ仰ұ֮
֧˵CǸͳ˵ǿʦɹѹصģǴʳҲתģҪбģҪ˭㡣ƶأҪĥĥ
ĺԾоǴֳǧĸ߲ݡ׾ٵ£
֧΢ŵ֧̾ҶеɶֲһǾϹ
óԲϷΨһһԷĻᡣϻ˵úã䣬仰˵ﵽ˾ͷͻᷢ仯
˼£Ҳᷢ仯

ջΪҪ͵͵һӣȴȫûϵʦȻ˶ˮ
ˢۣ
ũ徹Ȼܸ£ʦ̫ˣ
ϹĶԱʼɽȦȦᣬÿ춼רŵ
ʱ÷÷ʦ㡢ţ仨˷˼ãǿͣؿʼˡ˼Ρ
΢Ц˵⡶ʷǡдһ仰ʦϲ֪ǣʳ֪衯仰˼ֻ˳Դסз󣬲ܹ˼ǣ衢߳ܡҾûе
֪ƽʱûвƵĸܣº͵ʡ
׷׵ͷ仰˵Ŀɲ
ӻԾԵˣ¿һһСͳչĸ㣬ֱŵϣĿ⡣
иŤŤվɵ˵ȥǴֻûϢ˲ŻȥַȥǼҶˣȥʮһ·һ͵ʳ
Ҳãү϶ˡһ˽죬һ죬ǵ˴﷢ȼ
ʱʲô
־Ϲ岻Ҫ̫ࡣ仰ֱΪģΪһʳ˵ҪϣǻȥС
һȻҭ˵ʦҲСȥ궬죬Ұ˵б˵ʳ򣬴ǼеǮʮ档еǮʳʱֻðڻƤϰһҹϣȫȥʱѾˡǶû뵽
һ·ǮƱַһӣȴΪʡǮɶƵʹʱ̸߳ܣ̸
Ҷȥʱֱˣ㾹Ȼͨͨһ˼˵ġ
ЩʵľҶ˼
ܽ´˵ֻн±⣬˲Żϡʻ̸ǡϡ趼ٵġΪ˽ٷЩ磬ҪʳҪڿͶ
ʦʦǺˣҪǵĲֳĶǧǧĺ
ҵػӦã
ʦʦĲ
ҶˣĬĬĴָ

ǰȥXʵңһʱ伸߲ݵʵңҶؽ̨΢ãڱȹѧ΢1000ľͷ·˺DNAͨѧֶνЩƬηֽɵᣬֽ˺DNAļС
ѡջо顢ۺĸ壬ĺ硣ĺȡʵһš
һΣϹ֮һĸ֡ʵһšԼ300Ķ
ͬʱһºƵɽϷѧ֪ǳũ񿪿νοѧˮݣηϸη溦ʲôǽͽũʲôũѧ֪ʶοչݱ
һģһġšһȫí˾ҪԱůѵôõĻѧϰôġרҡͷ̣ûǸˡ
æµǹ÷ɿ죬ܿ죬Ϲӭ˴Ĳա
紺ժ²裬¡һ֮Ʒõһ衣ܿõһʺܿɹ۵룬ȫ·ʳӷϣȫָˡ
ȻȥѾȷָٲɹ衣ǵһӵĲũܲĿɽϵĲ·ݣһϰԵصŶӳ衣
ΪѣʱڲҶǺˣȥȫʦӣCкܶҹ˲Ҷȴǲٵԩͷˡ
ղҶҪͶɱࡢĶҪʱȴû·ڵֲá
׵ĻȥҶҶһأȻ˼൫ҲΪϹá
ҶЦеظŲŵӣʦɫذ۵ס
ѵʦʱ̫ˣ̫߳ˣ
ƵİѴĿ˵Ҷʦû취˲ġǴӣ汲ͿҺڡ뵽Ҫˡ
һƬҡʱѾΪ·ԹҶسĹûļһҶûڹѱ˶ҪˣôǮҶ
ҶЦ˵ӳ𼱣Ҫأҵһ취
˼վ𣬵˰ҶҲûʱһȥһңҪˡ
ʲôô᲻ʦʦͷž仰ɣֻҪܰ쵽ģֻҪɱ˷ŻҶԸȥָ·
ֶˣɼʱǵɨäռúܲҲļˡ
Ҷ͵仰أ
Ѽ£ҡҡͷ˵ӳ˵ˣʵҲûʲô
ֻҷϹȱ˺ܶ豸ûǮϣûǮũߡȫֻͷţһͷӣôܺú˵ǮǮôӳҵӳԸ𣿡
һ˲붮Ҷĺ壬ҭ˼룬˵ˡҶǮôöˣǿ϶а취Ҷ
ϲ˵ֻҪҶǮǴͷϣǮʦܶУ
ҶüһĻ䣬ͺؽӻãҰɣ
ںŲĺʦˮǺҵؿʦһҲ
֪Ҷ첻̫ԾӶŲˡɲҶûѿѾڵʲҶǮ˰ɣ


103 
ʵҶʲҶǮʱ, ԶȺʦлҪ硣
ȥȥ۳ǵĲԷҶ˵Ĳ裬ü
ƽʱϰ˺Ⱥò˺ȻȵͨĲҶ, ȻûˣⲻһҶӢѯ˷ԱĲˮ۸, Ѿڿ꿪ϹҶ·ˡ
һҪʮ۱ңԪҵĻ12.5Ԫ۱ҵĻ15.6, һҪ13.3ԪҡⱭļ۸شʹ˹н׼, Ҷһеʦʱ֮һĹʡ
ҶǸ, ۰ĵĲĻʮ׳ۡ衱Ѿÿ˵, ϰεȻɷ, 衱ʡϸGʡݡ˴ƾӸ۳, ϰҲȥ˸۳ǡ
ʮĸ۳ǷչʮѸͣھ÷ʱ, ҳʱڵĸ۳Ǳضǻƽ·Ϣ¥۴α, ҹĳһҹ, ĿһƬƹԻ͡
ҶϹڸ۳̵һͰģعĲˮΪƷ׻ʹĻȴҲͬʱҷĲˮ
ƶԴҲǷչ, ǰҶҪõġ֤ͨ
ҶԼòҶ۳ǵ뷨˺÷÷㡢ʦ, ˾ð춼û˵
˵ʵͷô˻治࣬Ҷͷһ
ʦЩ, Щ׬ҵǮ۳ỹûعҶ۳ǣгڣͳͳҹܣ˽ûа취㵽ġ
ҶļƻĬƬ˵ҪҰæʵǸίԱʶ
Ҷǰһѹ֣ʱͺʡίͬ־ôǵһѧʦԭԵʣ
Ҹϸ˵˵¡
÷÷ʮҶû¡
۳ڴҵʱᡣͷ½򵽸۳ǵ¼Ҫ͵͵ڱΨֱϱʱ帯ıǩû뵽ȻҪȥ׬ʱǮ
ʱǮô׬
ɢҶίԱǶѡȻݣίԱȴǿ㳤ġ
ҶͨһҪõʲô֤ʲôĽš
ҶԴǵ˵ʦʱڣԮӦõġﲻҪиȥίԱʱҲҪڳ̬Ⱦͺá
Ҷȥܴ棬ܻᾭѹһĴԱů£кôֶΪ
ͷϼ򵥵ʰ·CС
Ҷ֪ͨղҶҪóʮ־ƳĲ衣
޲ͳӣֻĵ˵˭ĳҾ˭õƲʦ֣Һҵ۶š
ڴһƬϣǰǣǴ湻һʳŪһǴ˸߲ĺÿ춼ѧϰũҵѧ֪ʶɨäÿ˶δϣһɨȥ
˵ĲҶȥܲԴ
Ҷϵ֮ǰϴ밲ڽܵǸԺ߲ߵС
ٲоˣҶȥÿ߷밲ӵجΡ
밲ĻɺܲʮַϹ˶šʫȥһ񻹱Ʒղڼ
Ҷշת˷밲ϵʽ˵籨
밲ҶرĹӡʮ̡ȥӹѵǶʱ䣬Ծ飬ȫĸ
밲ӵҶĵ籨󣬹ϵرһϱϪسˡ
Ҷͺʦȥӵģ밲нڳϣһ澪λĹȻСγһԽԽɽߣûͣ
ʵ̫ɽ̫ˣȷ밲ϼһҪ硣·ͨһĴͳȴ޷ͨС밲ϼȻôҲдͳ
ʦ밲ֵһһһ֪ߡ
÷÷˲ӴλԶţ仨˱Ӹӡ
Ҷϸغͷ밲˵󣬡εĲҶҪ۳ǣǵǲ̫һǱߵϰͺô󼪴ԴһڣԽԽԽãҪӺݸ󡢼˵ķ򻭡ȻϴλһҲһ㡣
밲ͷϸؼ
ɢȥ֮ͷ밲˵һֽɸëǮСֽëǮ
ղһ·Ӵﵽ֪죬밲Ѿ֪Ϊһƶ۲Ҷӣ֪ôƶۿ˸ܺܲһ
ǱϼһҪѵĵط밲æ˵ô࣬һëǮһͺá
һ˺ܶǮǮʡڻû⡣
ҶЦغȲ裬ɵӣҵʵˡĲҶCù󣬲ҶҪץװҲܲ
žܾλҪķѵϺܶ࣬ëǮࡣͬʱأ㻹ʶĹ׹Ӳͬѧ԰һйŻҪʮ֡
Ҷǵ۳Ǳ߻ȽϳʪϵسֽгҶйһܷҶִֵǧֻӵĶÿֻëǮʶֽг˵ĻŭţȻǮ࣬ȴñٵյĳӴ˿ȡ˹Ӳдʱ䡣
밲˵籨󣬽ͬѧ½Ϲ壬׾ĲҶС
ֱ顢󡢲Դ󼪴ӣŨīزʣϸҶУ׺ӣˡ
̾ǰѸ۳˵ˡ
ϵɫ˵㣬ȴʮϲǳǺʱµڷ˭ϲֵĶڸչãҲʮ׵

ϹƲģȥ󣬱Ͼȥȥǻ裬˵ҶóȥǻѪؼӰӵƲ衣
һں˺ϢҶ˵ίԱ˵̸̸⡣
Ҷ֪ӢûϪسôúŪߵλϵ۶ȱ˶೤ϡգҶȥCһˡ
ӢӭҶίԱѾͬ־ܾˡ
Ҷ߽Ӣİ칫ңڴļ˲ŴӷӵĻ́ͷ
ĲҶͶ꾺ѡ飬ҶڻռҪλûϪصĽӢƬ̣ڲҶڷһĿǰҹڵļֲҶǺƷ֣ģȶ£ЩΪѡ
ҶӢĿǣ֪ϺһˡӢеΪ;ܾˣαCһˡ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ҲǷһг
ͶֻһڵĻᣬ·ǻԼҡʵȥҺͬȥһ˸۳ǣǱߵ˺ϲȲ衣۳ĸۿڣάǸÿ춼ͨصĻ֣ʮַæ
ϹĲҶмҶ˸۳Ǿһˮ󺣣ʲô仯
ҶЦе˵ҽѴƵĲҶˣҪҪ
Ӣһ裬Ѳ豭ݵǰΣ˵Ϲ궼Ĳɹܽ±ȥ꿪ʼղҶʧȥ˾ԴӶúܼѡ˿ǧֻͷţһͷӡҼȻͰһѡ
ϸƷ軹ͦúȵĶ԰ɣڸ۳ǣԤ뵽ܻӭˮ嵭󣬷ǳʺϸ۳˵Ŀζһϸѿء⣬ǴҲմ㡣
Ҷѷ밲ʱĺӴ˹͵ֽгܷ⡣
ý۵ճãҶֽܷŽȥһиߵĲҶгγ֡ӷ滭Ԫ£Ӻݻĵŷ޵ʫֻӣڷΨĵ
ϸ壬ɫޣէһڳʮģ
ҶίԱϸϸ˵˲ҶĴ桢䡢⣬԰ѲҶһֵֻǹͶϸܱؽֲֻᡣίԱŲ裬ҶĻ
˵ȥѽ۵ɷһ֮ڽҡȻʣµ
ίԱƽڶһĨͬ
ƷڲһϷڵĻŻƷϵŻ棬νʾ֭ȰӢΪֱҶ׿ͬ˵Щϸڡȵ˲裬Ӣı뷨
Ӣһᷴ˿ϵ£ҶѰ·ˣĵظһλᡣ
ҶȻᣬȴг˵ĹϳȣһȡݸǺܶûеġµĻڽͱأӢԴ˸ʮ̡

Ҷȥ֮˼ţC񲿱ǼǡڵǼ飬ֵǼ֤顭ۻңһںϲɺõ˳֤ίԱı飬ȻһЩ˳
ȿȣȻȫϹĲҶƷʹӲ
֪ǴĲҶҪڣ˷ܵÿҪʹȥʲôƽʱȵĲ边ȻҪȥⲻǱ
Ĵල֮£ƳĵһҶǧƷʷǳá밲ͬѧĺѾȫܷã¾㱸ֻǷ硣
ʣµľͿˣҶ½Žѩֺ˾ʦС
Ҷ˺ʦ˳պôһҶ𳵣ȥ۳ϵѩֺСŲҶԺ󵽡
ʦǵһ̤ϸ۳ǵأвΪ֮ԡĶ·ϵʱ̲סһῴ˵ĴŴ磬һŽϵĳ
ѽ֪ͰɽװˡᵧԼϵ޲ѡ
ԼôҲһУҵִ治𳡡
˭뵽ı֣ԵûЦҶ̲סʦ·Ҳôׯء
߸·̫ˡ


104 
Ҷһ۳زֿĵ, ʱڳʪĻ죬ҶܳӰܴ
۳ǵִϢҶֻ㱻ص2000ĹڵĴʦճһٷ
һ۳, ҶСϴθʵһ۳ʱҶͿ˲Ʋ΢˼µʳǮ, С𽥻Ѫ
Ҷ¹ȻǸ
ѡһҸ۳ǱֽϺһҲʦǸ۳ʳĹھʳζ̶Ⱥļ۸ȡʦմ򿪲˵ҶͰѲ˵˹, ΢Цصʦ̫Ϥ, ɡ
ȫӢĵĲ˵ʦȷʵеѾ, Ҷͷ, ҲֱӰѱӵݸҶͷһصľ, Ѿܶࡣ
ڴһγԹĲܰ
û뵽, ҶصӲ˾Ȼô࣡޴ϺٻзǯϺ桢õն졢𼦳ᡢϺʳˮƵıճ˳Ҷ½, ¸ǮҪϴӡ
Ҷ˵ܳ԰ɣ͡۳ǵĺʺܱ, ٷ50ҡ
ʦЩզ, 50黹ࣿ50鵱һµĹˣ
ǰĲȷʵʳָ󶯡ͷԼٲҶ30ɣؾȨ۽ˣ⿪
ʵϣҶٷܼ۳1000۱ңҪԱСƱϵļ۸ĳ100۱, ȻԱ, ԾɸҶдһżСƱŪ׸۳۱׼ĺʦȫŪȥˡ
Ҷس˽Ǯζ, ζڣζըõܡ
ָܣʦ˸ض˵Ե۾һһģϺָͷ˱øɸɾϺ֭һҲ˷ѵȫ보նԸɾ⣬ǼܻŵûζΪֹ
ʦⱲӶûгԹôóԵķˣóԵӶøɸɾ޲ӡ
ҶԱŲ裬쿴ǷƲоĳࡣ
Ƿǽ߳ģʦʹ̾۳ӹҲ̫Ҹˣ
ʮķܳԵôӣⲻʲô
ҶֻЦЦûз
գҶȥһֿ⣬ⰴ50Ԫ1000Ԫϵѡ⣬ԤһڵһڣҪ취һҶش½
˾Сѩֲúִ˸۳ǣѲҶ˵˲ֿ⣬֮Ǿ뿪˸۳ǡ
ʦ治æѩ뿪ǰĵʡ
ҶҡͷһнҾͺãعɡ
ʦԭΪҶõ˳֤ǾѾϵҡû뵽Ҷȴǣ쿪ʼҪһҶ
ʦɵˡ

ͣϷæĵ·ˮųŶӵһᷢʦֻģһĻ϶ἫΪĿ
źҶģʦ̾˿
һǰҰܲҶŸ
ҶʮвҶĿӴвҶȾԵ΢زѾȶĲҶӦ̣ĲҶĸ۳⣬˵Ӣʱ򻹺ãһ˵Ǿͱ¶ˡҶǺʦǶ˵
ҶȺʦǿһ㣬ö
ʦҡҡͷ̾ϢСհҶġ
ҶϿҵ˵ʦкθ߼ϴ
ڶ죬ʦһֳ10۱ÿ졣ǵֵĲ˳˸̯̯λΪ㡣ʦ˵Сգǰڵ̯
ҶʲժĲҶҹƷؼ񣡡ʦߺ
ӦǿȻΪʦҡһгСҲͻأлʮȻ
ոڿ졢Կ͵ˣΪҶƤһУ˾Ȳ衣
һȻߺȵúɳƣǳɹۡųƱһ400Ԫ۱ң177ԪǧĽࡣ
Ҫ֪һеѧֱһҲǧѡٿ飬һȶûǧôࡣ
ʦú⣬ϹĲҶǮʹˡ
ϡ
ʦ˸߲ҵһĸ۱ңֽǱ·Ҷҫ
벻ʦҲвóĵط
ҶεЦϺһѸһˣ
ڲֿÿ50Ԫڸ۳һʳ޿50Ԫֳÿ10Ԫɱ110Ԫٶÿӯ290ԪһҶȥǶز˴½ˡ
Ҷ𣿡Ҷźʦ
ǵıְʦҶҪϽȥµģ
ǲҶ𣿡ʦûӦȻʡ
Ҷ۳Ǹɶ
˴۵СۣҶֲȵĸоתȥϴּϴ֡ˢ
ۡһЩһڲˮ
ʦӵĶԱȥȥĿأ100ֶûȫ˵
ʦ㶣׬Ǯϲóͷһ侲׬Ǯȵùˡ
ʱȻ׸ʴģ
ΣЦеʣôʦ֮ǽӦô
Ҷһ϶˼⣬Ѿ˼ƻĳΡ۷Ǵˣ֮ǰCҶȫĸȻʱ᲻飬İĵطҶҲ̸顣
ȻҶãһʱ֮򲻿гҲʵҶһϣ
ϴڰڵ̯ʱĺҶӴѡóۣǴӺˣΪʲôҪ·Ͼɽ͹ȥ
Ҷ˵а취һ֮ڰѲҶǶҵģһжָӡ
šˮͷ˹ָ
ҪʦҪ
ʦϵı龫ʼˡ

ա
۳֤ȯ
߽һڹ̨һ˺ţͣϹ1000Ʊ
Աžž¼ȡϢݸƱƾȯ
ǸҶѾһߡˣһɽӣɺ׺ڱģŲһ˫ڲЬһɷǵģװıڡ
ʦһ˫߹ƤЬһװĴͷϹһīúƬᷴ֡ޱ飬ʵﲻסط
˭ѼٿǮ϶ڣ߽۳֤ȯ˫ȷ
κεطɻԻͣԱС߽ȥ΢΢Ŀյ֪ʦⱲǵһϿյֶ
Ʊֶʦŵġ
֪йƱǶĲǮƱڰǮӽˮסĵװҶߵĳ嶯һֱ˵
ҶԹԵظ˵
úʣӴһжô˼֪ʦҪʲô£ĪаȫС
ʦĺء
۳֤ȯ׵ʷ׷ݵϸ60֤ȯƱڹڿԾڶĲΪڸ۳ǹģѾ߳ΣƱĴǮˡʱҡƱƽռʮ
1961귢һ£׹ͳΣ׹ýǿƸڡһ꣬˹ָ22㡣1960굽1961׹нСţн׶Σʱ۳Ǻܶϰ61׬˵һͰ
Ҷͷش飬1961¹ɶһдἰ45%ʮط˵ʱĳֲ֡ҶĽȥоһ
Ҷԭģͳ30ʮԾ500ǿҵҵҵΧ㣬ǽڱաزѡе졢񣬹˶ӹ˾²İʤ͡ݿҩĶӹ˾
һ͸ոУó׹ţ˷磬ÿɷм16Ԫۺ36.1ԪտϹƻ𱬣Ϲ56
Ϲ56ʲô
ɵĸ
Ҷժºīʦ΢΢һЦ


105 
ҪҶҪҴϰ, ֻطܲѴ֮ҵһȺҶϰ塣
ǰǧѾ˼·ҶϰһƬ½Ƕûš
˫Ŀ¶⡣
ʦ, ҪôȺϰҶ
֮ǰҶźʦȥ˰ٻװ, ͷģ˲۳֤ȯƹŶû߽ȥͱԱˡ
Ȼȥ۹ܵԪΣӰ죬һȵԲ, Ϊ׹ͳܸı档ͳ, ׹ʷ֧ߵͳ
Ҷźʦ˵һӢ, ʦͬ¶Ŀ, ʵû˵ʲô, ֻǰҶľ籾̯صͷ
1000ɵȻ, ֻ˽׵żȴԶԶϸ۳ǽıƸ
ʸ񲻹ĵط, װ
Ҷеġ
ҶӢͬġڡ˵ҿȥ, ҲûʲôֵĹƱ
仰ղֻ1000ɵĵΪ, ҶûǮֻΪ۹ûͶʼֵ
Ҷ̸۵˵⼸׹ĹȷչٶȺܿ죬򺽿աӹɶ׬ǮҲ
˵Ӣĵͬʱһ˸ù̫, ΧŸ۹ת˸á
Ҷһ˽Ĺע⡣
Ⱥ˸á˵ǣɫЩࡣ
60ܵԪΣ, ʮֵԣڸսСţ, ҶԼٵСţлȻδ֪Ʊж̣ǵж̡
󣬺ףԱͣؽŵ绰ټĽ֤ȯ޷ʵԶҪԱͨ绰ķʽɽָЩӵ绰ĽԱźףҲҳΪס
Ҷܿ챻һڨֵܣĿͦġ
һλӣŲ̫ĺװӹһֽһſھҶＫ䲻׼ֻӢԴ
֪Ϊװƣ˵ȴͱӢġֻкʦ֪Ҷȷʵװƣȷʵ˵
ֻˡ˴򽻵ĸ۳Ǯ˲ŻῪھһӢ˽ֵģ󺩺䣬һ½ϰģ
һСֵܣҽи롣
Ҷ΢΢һЦá
ǴĴ½ˣӴ½ܵѰ귢ƻᣬշת۳ǡѾڸ۳¸׹ͳΣᵽ˹лҪô˻ڹд׬һʡ
Ҷս˵Ļһ飬˺ܸȤڴ½ϰﶼоزֻԹоҪоУƲ׹ɵĵ˹
ֵܣոʲôƱʡ
Ҷش𣬡͡
ԭһ֧ûеĹƱЩʧ²طԼĹƱ
Ǹ۳һ֧ܲţɣϹһȻ𱬣ͬһʱεƱ˵ǸܵܡɿڿֵĹƱӷΪֹҶǸʱѾ46򱶡ֱʱڵ׹ɰ³ǣ̲ݹɣ1Ԫ21ͽõ600ԪĻرҵ163
Ҷش¡õصĹƱҲΪиͶʼֵĹƱ
ûзӦźʦ뿪˸۳֤ȯ
ͶʼֵĹƱĥ仰֧ɣ
͵ĹƱʽУеɼǵ31.25Ԫ
Ϲ͹ƱĹݺݴ׬һʣԾп־еĹѡе͡Ȼϵǣкһֱǣǲϡ
ͬʱжڴǣǵҵǳҫ۵һֻɣг͵Ĺ񶼷ˡСţеĵӿһͶ¹ΪעһʵѪҺ
ԭѳЦСӡû뵽գ۾ˮתȻ̷ˡ
죬ۿźæµرߣ͵Ĺɼ۲ͣƤ಻ϵʶȥעҶᵽ֧ɣ֧Ҳǳҫۡ
ޱڴҶ۽
ѺȾƣСİҶ˵õءŲֵĹƱй¶˳
֧֧ţɣֹǼ򵥵ĺˡʶȦѶȰҶԼ̸̸ҶҶֶ֪
ֻÿڸ۽õҶ1000͹ɣܲһӶ۽˰ɣ

ʦһŵ籨°ѴеĲҶ˵۳ǡҶڵ籨˵ŪװˣɢװҲ˹ж˶١
УɵۣǰһҶˣ
ֹû⣬100Ҷûȥڸ۳ǵĺʦ̾
Ӹ۽Ҷ㲻ǳȥڵ̯ԼҲȥ·ÿֻյҹгԳԺȺȡ
ʳס޽ͨĲƿ֧ѹںʦͷڻϹũѪǮʦÿ˯ž޲ðһֱ˦ƹҶһ١
Ҷ⼸Ψһɵ¾ǿ۳ǵֱƾúʦ΢οһǣ׻ýʡ֧ĲµıֽǼǮһĹڱֽ
ǰ죬һݱֽ˼áʦȥһۣĿı˸еëȻ۳ǸƼбܡ
Ѫܵģ˲
ʦ룬Ǵ½á
۳Ȼûƶĵţǡضǣΰʹ½ûȡڴ½ͷܻᱻץȥ׼ŮǷޣǣ־ˣ.å۳ǣ
ɳҹʱһŮӵǣӲ㶼Ҫˡ
Ҷźʦɸֵ˸ǷʾʦͲˡǵĻˣǻش½
Ҫѵʱ䡣Ҹ֣ҪҪˣ
ʱĵȻǺúʱڵܹ˻ȥũо
һܺҶȥһ˸۽
һκڨԶˣ˴ڨȺҶ˵ֵܣֿˡʶ½ϰ壬ǶôƱҿĥͦ
̶̵ļ죬͵ĹɼѾ
ϴθҶ򣬳׷Ĳˣ
ֹҪ̷ǡţ̡СνĴţ500ĸԪ
۳һϰʮϡһǨģͶ˵һԭʼʽ˸ϸ۳Ǿٲʢķ糱ҡһΪܶ󸣲˹Ϻպ60˵˾һûϴɾϰũ
Ǹ۳һ˵ǮˣǲʵʵӺ顣ȴץδ۳ǵľԴҶ´ࡣҶ׼Ⱥ塣
ҶЩϰ塰ȤϸŵľͲˣ
Це˵СֵܣϴûüʲôģҽͶʷزġ
Ҷ˵ҽ⣬Ǹ˿ˮġ
˿ˮֻǫƣˮʦڸ۳Ŀеĵλǳߡ۳˺ţ˼Ұϲ±ضˮʦز̸Ƿ¥ҲҪˮʦӡ賯Ǯ˾ֶҷˮʦ
ˮʦĴʦҲҡײƭƭӡҶͲ󣬿ǿ׵ӡְҵȻȤֻ֪ͶʼֵĹƱ
Ҷҡֽ˵;Ĺɡ
ΧһȦϰһŽɵı飬Ͼţɵˣһ˼أ
ʦ֪ԭҶĹƱ־ϲѹ⼸ųԳԺȺȣ֪ҲǣһԳԺȺˣ
ʶ۳鱨͸¶ĸ۳ǵĺڰ棬ʦ룬ҶûʱϰһʮĹƱ߳۽Ĵſܾͱˡ
ȺϰƬ̣ȻŵҲˡ
ʣʦţ𣿡
Ǻǣˮ㵽У
Ҷ˲εĿдݲȵ˵ˮ͸棬ƱаѣоͲơ˵аָһ㡣
۳յϰڵùѾˣѪ֮֡
ҶĻûмţƼΪǰӱܵ飬Ѿ˺ܶౣҹܱܣ
Ҷ˵ģһȺϰȴ⡣˼죬۳ĸƼ챾˳ϵرˡ
Ǹ۳ʷϵʮհ֮һ永.ץ˸̵ĶӣѺӵĶĸ̣вŵõһ𡣼ǰǮˣΰ˸̡ʱ.ͷߣ˱Ϊ永ºĳ˵Ӱ֮Ҷֽ¡
Ƽ챻ܺ۽ĸ۳ϰ嶼£Ϊ͡ϵ׽춼ѯ䡣
Уλʦʲôʱ۽
ƼŶϹˣϽôʦ˰
֪ʱ۽ĽٵصҶͬʱѾһеش䡣
˾һκˮƵģڽȺҲˡصþһƾճֵˣ۳ǵȺ½ϰ˴½˶ûв鵽
ѩڰϹʣµĲҶһ˵˸۳ǣҶȥһ˸۽
۽Ѹٰҡ
ڰҺ綼Уϴôµģڵ㣬˵Ϲ䣬һ¥
Ҷӻͳһţ¥ͲˣǸƷ˵ġҪȥ׹ˣǰҰŽ
ϰǸŴָͷ޲ôʯ񣬸ȵȡʦߡ
ʦ㣬ҵĻԵæʡ
һϰ˵֧ţɣҪҰһ͸ʦ
ںʦû򿴵ҶһȺϰģҪӶҪ
Ҷźòװѱƣܵðװ꣬ʼղһõ
һԼż䣬ڶһڵıֽǿѸ۳ͷ˸졣һϰ˵ڹ׬ܶǮʮһ̰
һϰ˵дһɷ߲顣
£޲֣ԺΪһ𾴵ҵңмǽ׽ˡ
˵иԻԵɳףʱϷ͡һҪ취뾡ȫ¡
Щϰ֮һѲҶҶĸ۹ɴǰһѣҲĸ籨Ĺ
༸ϰҲ仰ĬĬؼ
Ҷ˵ñ뿪˸۽ܿ˾ʧ˺֮С
գ㡣
һȺϰɳ׶ϷǻǴϿʼͶųеĵ
ֳյһװŵĸߵҶɳסҶϻš顱
۳֮ʮ𾪣Ҷ˸۳һܶˣôҲɣ
ʦ˵ֻ˼вҶѲҶȥ
ҶûֻѲҶɳײһҶһҪ50Ԫ˾ͿˡһǮƤ
˵ȥɣش½
룬ѹʦҶ50Ԫ۳Ҳ22.1Ԫô룡
컹һҶǰҲûҶôƮôƮô
ոͷȴһȺŹʵϰ
ǡ͡𣿡ڳ￴ֳϵġӣϲʡ
ûһֻ⳵ѵǸȥסǼߺš
Ժ˳ĴָŽָЦеʣСֵܣҶô
ϻȷʵǡͷɣ
һǲûͷֻڶϷ򣬶ʱֵġ׵дš顱
еĲҶǶҪˣ۰ɣһʶϰˬ˵
ɵˣû뵽ҶȻߴˣ
̿ˮƭӣȺϰǸź·ǽһ׳ۡӴĽдĴָϸֻһֳƭɶ
Ǵȥ˲ֿ⣬һĲҶһɨգÿ50Ԫļ۸ɽõе֧Ʊʵҵ޹˾


106 
õ֧Ʊѩ֡ȥж֧Ʊ, ܶҵȥֿòҶ
һʮԪ֧Ʊۺ331858, ʮеĸо˵Ҫ
ԭʱǮô׬
ںʦû, ϶̲סһ١ʱǮŸ׬ǰҰһʮвҶ׬ˣ
õ֧Ʊĵڶ죬ʹڸ۳ˣһ١ҶĹƱ׬˺ü򣬲һٺʦԭԼ
ҶȻ, ҲС, ȥ˸۳İٻг, ۻ, ÿ˶һز
ȥһҸ߼, ݺݵص̷Ϻ㳴ĵ桢ɭֵ⡭˳Եֱ˱Ĵָ, ԵӳŵҪǽȥ㡣
뿪½֮ǰҶѸԪһң͸׬˽, һ˸۳֮Ҳض顣

۳ǡ
ԴŽ֮ҲûгֹһȺ½ϰƵĸоһƱ˻Ƶֱ, һǵĸ̫档
ǰɴʦ, Ϊ˻˼ʮĲҶЩ£Ȧ˲Ц
ʮҶǮҧˣ
룬ô벻ϡ棬ûʶ
е˵һӢ, ֪ʶԨ̸׹áƼΡͷͷе, ̸¼ѣĹƱ׬ϲŭɫ, ƭҪǶǾǱƭҲԩ
οƭӡûһ˾ƭӡ
ʮҶȻ࣬⻹ǴÿŸԪĽҶǵġԵһĲҶÿ˷һûع˾
ŽƷˣھЭºܿҵ˱ܵĸƼ죬ǰһֲ˼ٶưˡ
ᵽˣں͵Ӱйصĵطٵҵ
Ʒҵǧллʾл⡣
аҪҵ˵Ƕ¥Ҹţ
ЩЦǱʦƭ˵ϰ׷ױλʦмֱ£Ʒ͵Ƕ¥ҪɼʦѹǵǮ
ǿʼʦݡϧǡ
ʱúõһȦϰ壬̳ո¶ͷǣǴһȺҡɸ۳Ǿ޸Ĵϰ塣
Ƕһͬܡҹһһ֤дһɷλϰӢ飬ȴŻǮװܣҺõʦѹұס
۳ǸȦϰ嶼ϣ궼ʦһһֱ꣬ԽԽ棬Ϊ˴˵
ܶҶڱ˿˸۳ǡʦﲻò̾ѹֵƵĽܿôװƣԭװƻЧ

ǰĻ˵ġеﰵ⡰С˼²򵥣ÿ궼Ҷӵˣ
¾ҪͲҶ̶ºԼÿ궼Ҷ
֪Ǵ½ĳĲҶӪʵġ˽ҶİװֺӣһǴϵĺӣһɫӡ
ɫӣһĹп϶ǣյ̹ӣͻֵȴ˷ʮ꣬Ȼض˺üι𵴡ʦ˵ûȫĻܣֱûа˵
ȻǺˡ

Ϲ塣
ҶһĴۻص˴һҶ׬Ҷһ33.1Ԫ۳˰۳ŵָʡǵ󲿷֣ټ䡢˹ɱҶ18ԪصϹ塣
÷÷֪Ϣȵ۾
Ȼʮ򣡹ȻҶÿһ춼ǾϲŴ˵ⱲҶûôǮأ
ֱȻһɾ塣֪Ҷһбµˣû뵽ôһĲҶ뿪´ʾ޿
ҪڽǰҶеǱʡ
֪ϢܸˣǮƶĴζʲô
Ҷũ룬ڼĵ£ô˾òʵ֡ܰѲҶʮô˼鶼ˣũҲѡ
㿪ʼ棬ҶĿеũʲôģģ
ԾĪĿȫ̵ĺʦ
ҶΪһǳԾ˿ͷŴʾ޴ĲƸ´ǶţǶʱҶ¾ǴյԳԺȺȣŬÿֽֿпվȥ۽װװƣק۳Ӣ
һ˺ʦıҶŵˣֵʶ˵Ӹͨ˵ĳþǲһ
ûҶȺ۳ϰĸԸҶȡǵΣţɣЩʦȫ֪
̸ŵ׹ɣϰǿ̸ľáƼΡںʦΨһܿ϶ḻ̌ʦڵϵȥһеʦǴСˣ
˲žӦȥ󡢸أʦ룺ϹҲһס

֪ᡣ
Ҷ֪ϢѴӸ۳İ͸ѧǡ
˸۳ǲ򵽵˿࣬ÿŮͬѧֵһŮǸжˡʦȥôԶĵطǡֻҪǿƬŮ˿඼޵㽣ڴ½û
ֻ롣
֣һȴˮǣζʮ⣬ﱥһ١ģͣ۳ǵҵչرãҼһСһֻߡ
Ȼģ͡ҲǴ½򲻵Ķÿϲ̶˾̾ǹڹԶﲻˮƽ
ģͺ֪װװֲִ˲ƣںеͬѧΪģͣ߿˻еרҵ
ҲǺˡ
ա
ҶѴø֧ŷŴ󾵿˺üǴ㣬¶𾪶Цݡ
ܵ˾ţ˴ӵˤ
⡭Ȿ𣿡Ȿġ
濴ũҵӵı־λεģͨ˳ıӵҲеļٰɣ
ʮʲô
ϹȫɶҲɣ⿿ǮعϺüꡣȥҶǧԪѾ㹻ڼаȻӣοҶʮѹûĲҶôǮ
һӱʮ֡
Լʾ޿ȥǮ̫ŴֵǮ̫˴Ķԡһ۵ĸ
ǮҪҶˣЩͳͳӡ
ҶǮȫµũߡʣԼʮͷţʮͷӣǰǰԪ棬һ޻ƥÿÿֵܷʮг߲޻֮⣬һѧϰ칫Ʒ
Ĺÿ·һ߲ȫҲʮߣϹÿÿȴֵ˶ʮ߲޻ٶʵô˼˺ܾá
ǵĸȻͷһظ˳ˣǵĺҪˣ
׵޻·ů˵ˡ޻ޱСȢϱӡͷ˭ҵһ޻ֻϹ˲ŵ
÷÷˷ܵǣڵͶ¸
Ļ֪ʶ˽
Ǹ˵ˢǽǽдһͶ¸ֿѧչۣչƼũҵëXϯ˼벻ҡŮҲǴұŰŮӤ
ҶǮѴĹʩһ飬òȻһ£ÿ˶ܳԱůòȻһ¡ﵽɢһ

ʡί칫ҡ
Ӣû뵽Ҷں̵ܶʱڰѲҶȥˣûпæ˵ǻӵһȶĴӣĳλһԺϹǩʮĲҶͬ
ӢŽԽԽǾζȷʵ
˵Ҷе㱾¡
΢΢һЦ
쵼ͷһαˡҶΣηҶһҲΪᣬ롢һ٣ؼ
δһܸɳһҵ

찮ӵʡίĵ绰ǻ͸ϵȷҶ֪ϹĲҶ̿ˣǩʮĺԼʵÿֻܸϪشʮԪĲ룬س˵Ļŭš
ʮԪˣ൱һسǴľЧ棬ڹϹ𣬻Ҫţ֮ϹĲҶʵ̫ˣ
찮ϹĽƼȥȫҶչᣬȡһĻᡣǺˡ

֪ᡣ
һ˴Ӹ۳ǻ֪֮Ƕպĸ۳֮÷ǳȤ̸ôѲҶȥʱβ͵ÿҪˡ
ʶвҶȫȥģΪҶũߡǮɹϣ·еʮֽÿ춼֪ͬѧ浱ʱĳ
˵ǳ١ʱ죬ҲֳȻͱһΧסϰ³ҲҶļ۸񡣡
ɫŴϰôΧסϰμطǴĲҶǳ޲Ҷﻭþ
ĿдϰǿźŸߵװָѩ̣һ־һȺĳô︡˵ӰĻ档
ÿﶼĴĻ룬δοֹ
֪Ǵϵģһȫʦǻ۳ﻮġϵڱĺ£
֪ЩϰʦƺΪʦһȺϰסҶЩ涼С˼
ʦʶ۽еķƹܣۼЩùĴϰֱ˼ʮϰȥ
ΧɶʦҪԸ⣬ϺЩϰ۳Ǻ塣
ЩʵľȫģЩǱҪڶԶġ
հڸ۳ǴװСѹףżװźīʦģڸ߼Ʋоسʳʱ
ÿÿԼ֪ʦĹƱʱ°ͺϲ£ӣԾɻԼɵںͻԼһôȤʦ
αȵӰҪľʶأѾǸͨ
ϣԼʦһбҲ̵꣬־۳Ҫģ


107 
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Ҷƿĵ糤Ƽãһë׵̺
һֻһ, Ҷ𴲳緹ţ仨һοһĻֱ𾪡ͷȻôˣԷ˶˹ȥ
ʳô, мࡢӡӣٶپϸ⣬ѼӶѧ, ѧֵ, ġģ
˸ţ仨Ƕǵôżġ
֪Ҷ, ѧȴǴĵ׵׽, ݻ, ﶼ֪ɢ, Űɻġǰա¼ѧз°ĺ÷÷, ʦ㶼ԸǨ
¸˵˵ʦǵĸ, ʮֻУ
һĺϢҶٶȽ緹, ȥȦѲһȦ
ֵĸһҹʱȦ˯㣬۵Ŭغ̡С̡
ԲˣԴȥһμҰͶЩһµ̡
һͷĸҲ, Ԥµ
ҶѾЩеȥ, һɽͷ˵ٻ˸ɽͷ
ԴҶʮ޲ðҶָʹ, ⱲûôֻҪ˱ͷ˻Ǿ
ϵ˵ûֻҪ˳ԱůȻǸɷ£ΪʲôʦĻ
ж̺Ƶ˸Ȧ˿۰ֵУϡؿͣȥȦô壬û˸ܴϿǷ׷˽
ǴǾϲ
ǴƳöãϡǽ
У·ѾܹպַϵһĻ
СһпվɽݣԱһٵιУٶιñģһֺ޲üͰιļơ
֧鵽Ҷ
һֽ羴ĿǶҶ˵سᣬ˵иǴǩͬسȥظίǩԼʦʹǴȥɡ
жôͲø½ǩ̷ͬǳ½ĲƷܸ۳ǳͬһǩʮꡣʶζϹ峹׷ٹӡ
ȫضĽϹ壬֧еⱲǰδеĽǵĲҶ˸̣ߵ˶ø͹ٲղҶǲлѲҶ۳ǡ
֧֪øҶȡĵӡ
ҶҡҡͷȥҲܳʶԺֳ滹кܶ࣬Ҳá
׻ģȥ͸ǩͬҪҶҡҡͷȥǿ϶ȥġ
֧ѹעں䡪Ժֳ滹кܶࣿѲסطȡ
ǵѾܺˣܳԱܴ·껹ܽѣ֧ѾǴ廹ʲôز
Ҷվɽͷ16ͷ۵СУٿһɽͷߵؼһѾȥë׵̥ëķˮë¾ͿԳˡ
ò֪֧׷󣬷Ҷ»̲ס²ۣ׷Ҳ̫ûϢˣ

ǰϦ
ţȥɽιʱڲݶ﷢˰׻ĵϲزݣһö
ϲؽţʦǴļµ
ţϲؽлţżɱȥɽµ֪ᡣһ·Ϻö񶼿ˣϽܵȦȥҵĸڿʼµˣ
˼˼ۿĿеذɽͷ˸飬һʮֻΪǳµĸͷ󣬵ǳǳǳİɫ
Աʱøɲ˺üѣĸµ
˼ֻ˸²˳ȥҶ
ʦζôǴļµĵ
Ҷڣķģ۲ζִļܶιģµĵζر𵭣ûһ㼦ζ
ҶͷζܺóԡڵļŲˣȥ˲ӪǺöûˣǲӪ
ʣµļҪŷСɽͷٿ1000ֻͷߴôһ̣ȵ˶ټҼһм֡
ˬЦ֣ʦģ
Ҷû͵͵㡰Сڴ塱ģʽ뷨Ŵóܹ·ӣΪɶߣ
ɽѼµʱɽȵѼʼµҶӢίԱ찮سʡ
Ūֳ̬ɽͷ棬ŽɵлϿ׷ʣ·ݳ˶ۣ½ӲӵһƬϲˡ
ӢļļѣһȦ׻ĵ
찮سһô
Ҷ˵ʦ˵ߺĲҪܶлʡǴҲϼЩѼ˺⣬סЩǺҪϵľ
ǽŲιᡢѼᣬԱڿˮιʮͷë⻬Ƥ͸죬ʳɽϷɽѼǲ֪ҰѼƷ֣ʮӴ󣬳ҰѼܴﵽʮء
Ѽɫף͸ŵɫΪżιסԵʣѼͷ󡢵ĳٺɫеѼ˫ƵҶְѵǿ
˶󡢵Һ峺ճƷʷǳá
Ӣһʣ찮Ѿúϲ£ˡ
ȫضּģȴһԴȺ˿Ҹ㣡찮۾ѾŲˡ
ɽҰϷˮѼʮͷСУѹ֦ͷĳӣ˿˷ǳϲ
ιֳҶȥ֪ԷɱһֻһֻѼ˾ѼѼһѼѪ˿ˡ
һ괺²ɵĽ񴺲裬ɫζȫٷܷʢʳָ󶯡
Ĵ֪߿ÿ϶ŲõЦݡ
Ȼû⣬ȴѾ˼ÿӶÿһ˼ҷһֻ
ΪļѼʦ˵Ǹո𲽣ÿÿ˼ҷһֻû⡣
㽵˵˰ɡ
һЦе˵Ȼܣõȵ꣬׾ܳ⡣ʦ˵ˣҪͷǴԼԣÿҴֵܷһ
ã
ÿÿܲǮֵ⣬ǰδе飡˵ũ˴ͷæβһⶼԲϣǳ˿ҲԲ⡣մ˴Ĺ⣬ָ
׵գɽ紵ɢȡ
ķʮζ˳Եúܳ
찮ǳԵýζӢȴüͷ֪ʲô¡
찮ӢǸ飬㲻ֳԷˣûúóԹһٱ찮մ˿ӱس˷
Ҷ̸λ쵼Ǵ壬һǿǵĿƼɹȡһ쵼ǵȻǴԵ㣬ԶһЩ⻯𣿡
㶼ˣ˲Ż㱨ϼôȡ찮̣Ǳʡ״ԪҲ
Ӣûʲô飬ʾ˵
Ҷһѹ֪Ӣ᲻֧
ûκα飬ҶҲĥ͸Ǹʲô뷨ղŴȥιֳʱӢҲûʲôʾ
쵼˾
˵ǸĸũҵյĿΪԱůϺӡҿ˵ǴܹԼŬʵʳԸ㣬ùҷȼũƷԣ»츣г
ѾдһݡϹɫũԵ㡯飬쵼пտһҾҵ壬Ҿ͸мˡ
ҶļƻϰҳôȫдģͼݣЩǰϹһһӡʵĳɹԿȷǻ˺ܶ˼
ӢصһҳҳطżƻܵһƬȳ
ӢԭΪҶһӣǴĵΪġѧУҲʡʸѾãҶҵֱӴҪ˹û뵽Ҷȴ¡
Ժ︡ղŲι۹ļᡢѼᡢᣬũһƬ԰˶ۣɸɾǽϷˢ˼ı϶ЦݣòȻһ£ÿﶼϣ
Ǻ߲һġ
ϼƻ飬ðգȡһתҲˣʱڣԴ
ҶЦˣǴӦҲǲӦȻ̫⣬ȴҲӢѾǸˡ
˵лл쵼
ûʦ죬ҲҷĸЩ
ҶûɷﵽôĲũģʽʮոڹüͥаƷǺܼѵġڴ֮¸⻯Ѿܲˡ
ģʽҲмģʽĺôũҵǿɫоǲüģʽ֤ģʽȷʵũʵá
ҶļƻˡҵʳʣµĹ鼯С뷨ֻҪӢܹͬѾܲˡ

CУʡ
ҹӢҶļƻ飬һҳҳϸ۾ܶǰҲᳫ½ȡ֮һǶսءҶ᰸ӹд㣬ιϹ壬Է֡Ϲģʽеͨ
ôһ᰸ӢĵʧˡҪ˼̫̫࡭αסҶϹչģʽáϹģʽģʽȫƹ㡣


108 
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ĴίҰط, Цݣ÷÷Ŵ˵ÿһ˼ֻֻ
һ102ˣÿ˼ҷ3ֻҲ40¡40Ｆȴ嵽ŽյաһƬϲ̵ġ
ֳһ, Ҷµļ͵ʡίλΪũĽɹչʾũ˳ɹ
Ҷͺ÷÷һ翪ųȥC, һļͽʡίλ÷÷ȵ˵飬Ǵִ㣬һǳʡ
Щզ, û뵽Ҷô༦, ԵؿޣǴĳɹûͦġ
ڼܽ, Ĺ粻йӦ, Ҫ㼦Ժܲ, οôļϵλʳòɹ, ëǮһѰʮ齻Ҷ
һ, ʡίλĵ˼²ˡ೴ͬ־ǳԵ÷ǳ㣬Ϊλڷ, ֪ͬ־Ӣ΢΢һЦʾ⡣
, զ£
ӢϹŵЦݣǸ塯ũҵɹ˼ֻ溦˵ССֶѡ´עעӰ졣
ͬæڣ, ɲˡ
ɶӰ, Щг徢̤̤ʵʵ¾ǺģһץСһץ, ⲻͦõ𣬺η
ӢֻЦЦ˵
Ҷ˼һֻǣ鰴ոг˼쵼ص칫ҾͿԺϼ
Ӣһָ飬˷ʳ˼ζʮ˸ܵΥҸ
ͷһθеũĳɹ𣬡ͬ־治ģ뷨ũ嶼ϹԸ㣬ϰյҸܶ࣡
Ӣ˼۵ǲߵ
ϹģʽѸƵģ⴦鷳ƫƫӢǸ鷳ˣ˵ҵ뷨ӡ
һܺӢȥ˾ǳǰ쵼

·ݣȵķӵ㡣
·ݵʱҶеһũҵеոЩ˽ԪʮҲϹľִͻе
ˮ棬һꡢһС꣬÷÷ҵ˵ǴոҪȥǸٶȣҪڵùǺ
һʳռոΪ͹ԡԭҪ1000˸ɵũһոֻҪԭʮ֮һϾͿӡʣͶԼչֳ
ոһɻʱȫ˶Χ﹡ϡؿһг˽
ǴȫصһոĴӰɣ
˷׷׵ͷ˵ǿ϶ǣϪصĲѣǮЩũҵе
һô궼ûĶǿ۽ˡ
֣裬ǿյúøɾѽ
ո֮৵رûһͷոĹ濴ôҲˣһ﹡ո澹ַǷ
һ˫˫ʪĺͶոʱ
ոԺׯǲһ㾢ˣ
ǿɲǣͷϹ챩꼾֮ǰ˵ȡ󸽽嶼ոҶÿʮ޼۸˳ȥ
󣬸ɱĺ÷档֪һ磬ϰٽ絽
֧ϲӯӯȥ磬ȥ壬ˣˣҲ
ȥںһС㣬ȫ˸һ졣ԺˣԶ㻹һ׾ٵ£
ˣ֧ͣڲˣûּǰ㡣
֣صصضŴڿʼ˭Ҳº㣬ӾǴĹͬƲȫЭϽﶼдԣ
ܵҶרԱÿ츺ιءԱȥʦϸһܵĿΣѧϰĻ֪ʶ

Ѯ￪ʼ½½ס
סҲ½ϲǱͨס10%õ￪ҲһʺܲĳɼڽԵʣ30%ٰ֮ѳɼȥ
߲סֱȡԣһšǿһš
ҶⲨʵļŵˣԭΪּһƭӣû뵽ȴһСڷܣÿٹ12СʱżѧϿΣ֮ǰĬĬؽ˼ʮ顣
ո½쿴˻ѻСذǡźɫֵĻԲʵһϵ˺ܶ໨
ǹյĻãʦˣ
˼ŻĻʮࡣ
Զһ޼ʵԭҰĿϲõ˵ͳ룬ȲϹĻΪϡ
ȻϹʵԵ棬ȴ֤˸ǿһܺáʺեͣԻĿ϶ȶ˵һ޻Ҫʵʣ̵ģڵ¶һڽ׵
ãԺϹĻôӶּʮĶ
ڴǧΣʵһšӭ˷ա
Ӣ찮Լ쵼ԹĦ˷ʵһŵķգ˴ûô쵼ȴ顣
һ磬׳ͶǾæµںԭܽźĲȥáϾȥʮѧһĶأһĶĺԱǼ
һ¶ȫòʱֵġ
³ĺۿ龥ͷһϽʵĶȥǿȫ˶µ˺ڴЭ֮һĶܿɡ
һϵذ㸺ͳ֣𾪵ذѱӺͱһӣ̧ͷ˵˵
ʵһĶ7501
ֲˣҵĿ৵ͶȥǧĺѾ㹻ˣٴˢ¼¼
ʦˣϣо˳ٽͻ
ҶȺ˴Ĵָǰ˴컨ְϡ
ڹȥҹҹУû˯һеʱ䶼ʵҡڴ֮ǰоѾоʮָ꣬д˺ļĵĳָǼᶨ߲ľġ
ϵĺժ´Ҷϡ
ҶһأӴ´Ͽ˰ƯŪһ̨΢Ūһʵҡ
΢Ц˵Сգлл㡣
ڳũڻĶһǧٽζƽÿһĶؿԶĸˣȫһĶԶİٿˣ⼸ȫһ˿ڡ
׳Ͷܹȥӵ߸ߵذٵС
Ӣ찮ǵһβιۺաӢʢЦݣϹ幤úܲ
ԭΪ̫ߵˣڷȷʵиߵʱ
ܴﵽĶǧٽȫʳȱ£ܶ˿ڡϰյ
찮Цúϲ£졣
ȥ꣬ĺ鱨۹Ħ˷յĳ˰ּ١ȫȫˡȥ찮ϱʡʡڽ̬Ȱѹȥһˮֻɹƹȫءڡ찮Ͼﱨļȫ汨ҪҵرûмĿǶ֣أ
´ȥ٣
Цеص٩ȥǴ̫ɱ꿴ɱˡ
ֻϧлû󣬿ӦҲ
ôҪӣʲôȥĺɽǣһͷ
ȥѾιúܷˣװֵģͨʱ죬ٽءô׳ɱѪ˰ȵ⡢Ʋˡ
רϲµĳʮˣڴˮϲ硣
Ҷãͬ쵼˵ʳķݶʣµǴҪͷչϡ
ݼιιʣǰʱ㣬ĶҪʳ
ҹݲʣҵʳʣĲֹԼζŴиʳֳҵʳʣܵͶԡ
һᣬӢ˵á
Ҷͬ־ʳǣҪǴʳǽҽ𣿡
ҶˬشӦʲôңԺתͶûеõЧٲǻŴȥѻĵأ


109 
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·ҶԱѧ61ĸ߿, һѧСרԱȥμӸ߿
ͺʦһ·Ȱȵغţ֪ʶμӸ߿٣
ֻҪϴѧ, ÿ½Ჹ10ѡ
һ˿ϣȫҹ٣
룺Ļͷǲһ, ǰ£
汲סɽϹطûгһţһһѧҲûСÿѧÿ²ʮǮǰ붼, Ȼ, ȴҲ, ΪѾʶʮĴǮ
ϹĴȵĿں, ϲ⡣
ϴѧﻹܲ10飿Ǯɲ, ÿҲѧʮǮ, ѧӷȫ⣬ټϴĲ, ϴѧ൱ÿ¾׬ʮ飬׳һܶ治һٿǮ, ǿ˴ѧøɻܰ״120顣
黹һ£
ܶ˷ܵߡʹ˲Լ, ÿÿкӣ߻ֲԼңȻиֻԼûīˮͿݲˡ
Ҷ֪⺰ںûãȥ˿õʵڡѧĵȥѧܼͥĿ֧
ÿһѧ, ÿҪ֧120Ԫ, Ǯ𣿲࣬ͷѧëǡʮϡһѧԴӵʮԶ, ѧҵͶĽ衣
Ϲե˻¶ǮȴͬеѧÿǸ۳ǵĲҶóױܾʮԪټϴļֳٹ⡢˾磬ԴԴϵ׬Ǯ
Ҷѧȫ˿ԣϹԴѧĸ˺ܶԱʿɹضԱ˼سԱ·һѧڻ׼ϰũѧϰ
շũ߾αֽʣظϰÿǻҴ£֡
աΪ˸ϰ߿Ҷûлȥҹˢùϴϰд
˻ûüϴϵ˸߿ĿΪϹһ߿Ĵ
·С½죬ϹƮ㡣֧˽ѧȥԵĻѵѧ
ʱѣ֧ԾǾǴõ
ĶӡϱȺ緹ԣסͷҶףʳͦġѧǿԺܳԵһȺġĿϹȺԵĿơͣĽòˡ
Ϊ˳ϵóԵģ׼ʪ룬ٵҪԲųڵźɰ²ĭ
֧鲻ޣֻ˽Сغʹ˵⣬Сĵųԣ
̵֧Ĺػ͵ذȫ˸⡣Ϲ˶ʲôģģĵطĿֻܿиɰͰ͵ĸвס
ʱҲȺԲˣʳ֮סǰķ˸⣬һ׶û¡ʦ˵ûֻŬũ˳ԱҪŬѧĻ֪ʶٻũ壡
Ѹٽ緹˯˸ͶŵĿԡ

߿ҶȼʦѧԼ֡ΪⳡԣѾ׼һ֮ãȺѧѾйһοԾˣһǵڶϿԳɼӦòȥ
صһռ˹ڸ߿ĵһϣ˷ߡÿЩѧĹֺ¼ȡߣǴԼ10ѧϴѧա¶صߡ
ɼܲףѧһֻ12ѧرֻǺεȿֲʣ㡢ʦ÷÷׷׶ҶͶȥη񣬶Ը߿ϰȷʵһס
Żϵһ֣˵ÿÿ겹120Ԫʮ˾1200Ԫʿ֧С
⻹ģΪߵԵʣ12һѧϹ廹ʮѧޱ˿ԣ֧Ҫ׼2000ԪϹ弯ĿжǮһǰҶһũҵе˺ܶǮȻѼ½½ˣʱܲܶӯ
ĶҪǮѧûͿʼΪǮˡ
ҶЦе˵ʦͱˣɽƣǵǮͺá
ĵ籨½˼Զ½˼ԶMͬѧ۳һݵ籨

һ
յʦĵ籨˵һԾѾһµġݷˣĲүڿϵˣ
ĵ籨ֻж̶̵һ仰̾衣
еָæˡ衱νġ衱Ϲġ񡱣Ϊİװϻȡ
ĵ籨šСޡ̬ȣԴ衱̬ȸǹˡЯȵĲ衢˵Ĳ趼ǡ衱ںϵĸһС衱
أȦ˾֪ӰĳҶ䱦ײˡ֪ʵĻԡݷؾ
䵽ҵ˺ò裬֡Ĺ˾裬峺ζƳϲҶʮֶأܶ˳˼ûؼҺȣ׾ơơơͳͳҶȡҪǺȾƣǵԸ⣡ȲķڸȦн
Ҷᵽ̻Ӱǿ衱ԭǴ½ĳСģҹ˸½졢¶
Ϲӭ˵ڶʴӣÿԪҵĲҶ
ľ·ݣҶΪˡлҶɫİװ6110·ǰ۹һƬáΪ͹ƱеԵʣһĸ۹ɽ׶һȸߴ10Ԫأ۹ɹоͶߵĿʢ硣
ֱʮ·ĳKߺȻˮŰ͵.ը׹ͳɱз¼ܺȫӭĺڡġ͡ɴӻԻ͵Ķһ·µ65Ʒмۣÿɽ12Ԫ
ҶЦеظһ͡ĲҶޣһлǮǴĲҶͺá
ڸ۽̺ؼҺ̲裬̲費Ǯѽ
һ͵ĲҶ˵۳ǣЩҶ޲˺ܾãⲻɷ羰ּһƬãûκηԤס跹˼˼죬ѹ˴ĹƱһںָһ֮ڿк300㣬Ͷ߱һƹ
ͷԵĹԼֻǹеʱţ黹ڼԥذʣµĹƱȫˡ10·ݹ󣬺ָһ·µȥִԪΣ黹Ҫ⡣
ٺ£衱Ļ

Ϲ塣
Ҷ̵ŲҶˣԪ뼯ĿУʣµһԪΪʽЦеʣʦûй˰ɣ
ֹûйǣǮ100ѧڻ£εЦЦҶķڷˡ
ȺôƵŴɣ׸⻹Ǳֽݵġ𡱡ѪĸϴæŸɨäûպҶһȥ۳Ҷ֪ڸ۳Ǹʲô¡
ʦζؽŻף룺Ͳ֪ˣʦˣǿװŪҵġ
ܰ˵ɻģΧһȺżԴѧˡ


110 
·, ĸȫ죬ȶˣÿµļٿ, Ѽİٿ顣⿿ϹÿǧԪ
Ҷ׽˼ֻ¾Ʋ, һ˽л
ʵԱ¼ȡ֪ͨʱ򣬸Եͣ˺ŽӲӵļ⡣
Ҷһ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ϲ⡣Щ½½һյ11֪ͨ, Ӧһˡ
12ѧ11, ԤĳɼҪ, ϽѰ߸ɾļ͸ʵԱ, л, մմϲ
ʵԱЦе˵֪Ǵܶѧ޲μ˸߿, һ֪ͨҾ͡
Ϲ·Զߣɽ·, ʵԱͰϹܣϹѧ, ȫص˵ȫˣëϯ˵úѧϰ, ǾڻӦĺ١
ÿ֪ͨ飬Ҷ㶫ǵǾϸŲҪҶǰ߼⣬ˡ
Ҷ˵ظ÷÷˵, Ҫڴڸˮ, ף
šһһİһ²ȡõĳɼƽʱҪѧϰҲҪͶ, ũˡҲ˴ѧҶοԶлҪԿ͡ڷܿ̿ࡣ
Ϲһ11ѧ֧һŵһǴ𣿡
ð̿¶һʮѧʦȴ쵽¡ȻЩѧȫǲӵֻ֪࣬ҪϹ壬Ϲ廹˴ѧ
Ҷѧ쳡ϲƣţ仨ɱ֪ںɽĴ20ͷ·ݷʱɱһͷɱͷѧرʣƽʱιϣ١סιԣͨʱ졣
ţ仨ԹһΣζõһֱšһҧȥᡰꡱһðͣһһ⡣ǰ﹩綼ҲƷôõ⡣
ѧˮ죬ȫ嶼ƮζԽ˵ĶʵʵڵҸС
ˮϵַ˴ĵһʲÿ쵽120Ĵѧ10ĻƱõĲƱƱƱҲһѸѧǽ⡣
ЩƱϹ繩ӦһĸũòƱȯǵ˳ȴôַѧĶô￴ֱĽ﷢ȵ룺Ǽܳһѧͺˣ
ֻҪ˴ѧɶҲһзôﶼˡ
Ҷһ裬ѧ˵ѡ˸磬Ǵ󲿷ֶ˴ѧûйȥǵĳŵзֱһ·ʱ͵ˣףǰƽڴѧŬĻ֪ʶһԹҡõ˲ţ
ܶѧۿᣬ̲ס
ʲôһ·ʱ͵ˣ룬ⱲӶҪʦһɣǾȥģǾ˴ѧѧ֮ҲҪصϹ壡
¾˵˳ҶֱҡͷǿɲУѧӦȥõĵط
ҶοʮһѧĶרҵũҵ̡ũҵеũҵˮ̡ϢԴȫϡȱרҵ˲ţӦϹСط
ũѧǼѧѧ֮ǿԼоȻֻͨͨרݽʦѧĳɾͱȺܶڶҪ
̲סҶʦˣʦô죿
ձȫõũҵѧҶǰѧҲҪѧҪʦֶôףѧϰ֪ʶж
ȥXʵң˺ܶѧũѧרҵĴѧһЩĶѧù죬ȴסѧ궼Уʦȴֻһʦһô죿
Ҷ˵㲻õġ
ȥĸУһѡһҵѪҺеѧպͽĻ֪ʶٶȱͨ˿ܶ࣬ʦǷѾɨäɨ˿һֻܻɨäˡ
ȥҶҪѧƭ磬ʱͬգڴʲôȱˣеıҵˡ
Ҷȥһһˡ
УҶͷۣʦ˵ھȻÿҪҵ
ȥ겻12ѧ𣬻
Ҷ˵˵ܹأǽ궼ϴѧˣ12￼11
УϹڷչúܲҲұ֤ҵĸ϶ȳĹǿܶࡣǼһ߳ģи϶ȿһеѧ
⻰˵ãȥɽһ£У绰˴˸ϪصĿԳɼ˵ϹĿ11ѧð˵
ȥѧһѧɲˣҶѧУԱ֪硣
Ҷѱҵټһª˵ȥһ12ѧ깲11˴ѧίÿѧÿ²10ԪĳƱѣճƱƱ޻ƱͬѧõԼʦʦ÷÷ʦĸ߿
Ϲʡĸ߲ʳԵ壬еˮƽߡáMϯ˵ũйأ֪ʶȥǴΪϹҪǡ
磬ȥũ壬ȥԲĴѧΣϹ延ӭҡ
һкܶѧϵҶǳӻԾһӾˡ
ֵ˳Աһ㹻ˡο֮ʦܲμӸ߿˴кܶรһ˵ҲܳԱϵڱĺ°
˶ǣáﲻãһƵġȥһѧǵû˵һϹĲã˵ȷʵ
ҵıĻԿǰߣҶһʺáܳԿ͵ѧ磬һ50
Ҷѧ󣬺÷÷޸̾˵ȻеôѧеԾ
Ȼ˵ϹĶãԼĺƵģȴ֪òá
ѧǷ˽빤Ļµģͷ˱ȵũҪ٣Ⱥ֪ʶӡﻧũһܲ׵飬뵽ȥҲɵҡҡͷЦˡ
ȥ⣬ʱϹ廹һףǻˣ
µһѧֱ֮˺þãʦûкŪˡ
пסٶܳԱԶپϸĩʱһ⡣ԵҸˣǿҶ۾ط
ʦǩһݱЭ飬й¶ʵݣ͸¶ϹκϹ塣
ǩ֮ǲ֪ӵر֮ССĴׯȻмֳÿ¸硢ʡλӦ⣬һϵĸضӺXһϵʵңǵʦȻżרзԱ
ӻеˮƽҲǳߣȼ綯ȫС·һûһä˼ҶܲΡΡд֡


111 
·, ɽϵĹʵѹ֦ԡ
Ҷ⣬ʦǴˮҪ, ˮر࣬Ҳ·, ڵҿۣȥιԲ꣡
ȥѼķũʣֳôò, ȫɽϵΪоʺˮķ, һıŸ߲ȥоġ
ˮ㡢Ҳ, ˮĲı֮ࡣ⻹ûĩųĳ, ȳӳš
ˮһֵܼ, ױ桢, ʱҲҾҪڵ
Ҷ˵ˮһ, ˮͲϡ档˳ǰͺҶ, Ϲˮʳ١
˻ܱ
Ҷ溬Ц, ʲô뷨
ʦ΢˼Ƭ̣ǴԼŪˮͷ
ȥ۳ǵʱŷˮͷܻӭˣڸ۳ʮԪ۱һͷʹ桢䣬ܶ˳ϲˮͷȥҲǺ, ùȴкܶ˹
Ҫ˵Ǯ, Ϲ廹治ȱǮĿϻһʲҶǮÿ»⵰ԴԴϵĽһˮͷ´ࡣ
Ҷ˺ʦĻҡҡͷ, ڣѾѻ˵ˣʦͷĹͷ
ţһͷƱʮˮҪֵǮҪսʣܵͣÿ궼ȹӦеҵ
Ҷ΢ЦŴ϶˺ʦ˼·ʦ͵ؽ˼·ͦģһֵ
óһݷ飬Ȼˮͷ֭ȴǿԵģͷûУƿȴҡ
ҾȱģҪķʳҵ׵ܵӰ죬ҪͣҵչܶƳɲȥˣĲҲڹӲдǲܹʱ
˴һ鿴ҶĽ֭幤ķ飬ʦף
򿪴ʱ˽ˮ¿ʼȵ11·ȳʱøե֭
ԽĥԽоƿֵǮˮֳɵġͶҲֳɵġȳӽԺÿ궼óˮ·⣬ֱ󻼡
սҶʼ׼ǳľϡˮࡢɳһԪȫͶȫȥˣǳһ1000˵ĹҶϵ˳ѵ½½֪ڳﱸ֭һ㽨顣
CмơƳ豸Щ豸õϣ۸Ҳ󡣡
ϴװˮߣơƳ͹֭ͬС졣Ҷѹ豸½˺ʦʦȤԼϣ֤˵豸
½Ҷ˵Ǵ깩ӦĻϺܺá
ϧϹͰƴĵطͳÿ¶ҪʮϡڿҶ֮ǰĽ飬ũʽ𡢼ũֻѾԼϹӦء
ϹĻƷʺãʱͨҪ4%½֪зĸ߲Ȼרûе½ȴԸǮ׼
ҶCлһ仰½ʦӡֲԼũֻʦ⼸ĥĥնǮʡ
Ҷһۣ˼ô˼Ǯ
½ǵĻӰɱֲҲʲôܣɼǸѧϰ
˼ҹļʦͷԭе飬Ȼûй죬ܹռ˼ҵıˡXʱԵĲǷëǵĴѧѧĽڣųѼʦͷΣߵ˶سƺһʦ
˵ǹӪҲʵʵڵΪҰ£뷨أȻΪ£ǾͲҪ⻨Ǯ
֮£½ʮġ
Ҷֱ֪̾ʶӵĸ߷ڣʮ˸߲רʹȨ˵һרҹʣѵѶˡ

£ʦơƳϴ͡װߡȫ˸ǹҪԼĹ֭嶼ˡ
ͷ˶ԴǡĹû뵽ǼſھͿһ
汲ȫũԺҪˡܳϹˣ
βס⣬ʹͣǴĹǼʵģǹӪģ㲻ϳԹڳ﹤ȫǹˣÿ·ʡ
ܵϹ˼ʹǳԹҲˣ
Ǹǳʱ̰ڣɡ̫ɽҲ᲻ߣ·Ĳשߣõδ˶Ըģһʮ֣ǳȴֹʮ֡רŸÿٷԼܿĭʱƬ
˵רɱһͷʹɻ
һебҵã˴ֵؽǳһשˮ೧εض𣬼֤һ֭ǳɣɡдŸһ߳ȥʦʦǣϹı仯
ʮ·ݹ֭ɣʮһȳ죬ũǲ볧ե֭
ո¸һиǼɡزһƿϹĳ֭
ںＤͨ죬Ǵ徹ȻԼǹˣһƿ֭ɫƣ΢΢ζؿ⣬ÿһԽԽ
ŷ׷ɵĶëѩϹĹ֭ʪۿϤζĻ䣬Ͷ󣬴һ°ӳԵʱ̡
ȻϹֻһ룬ǰЩһͶӼʳȴǿ̹ġ
յյţᵽѾ˹֭װúܼªƿӡˢֽдš֣ⱳСдϹ֭졣֭ƿϴɾ˴ߡ
±ҵҵꡰѾʼͷˡͷǳ;еıرƷ´Ӿ̵껨ҵȯֻͷһ·Ż𳵡ŹͷصϹ塣

һ£紵ɽ졣
հѺͨͨ׵ͷɴ¡ͨͨһƬּˡһЦе˵ʦʦʦСʦϺã
쵽ˣæˣ׷ֺ졣Ŀȥˣˡ֧Ҳ࣬ܵغϼһ𣬾Ȼæһܡ
ͨǳǰĿˣ׷ʳֺ졣
΢Ц˵һ0.51ԪǸüӶٲԼˡ
һ־ȻëǮЩզ࣬ϽһԼֶܷǮ189죬ϼ485ֵ֣ܷʮ飿վôͷһԼϡ
ƽ̯һ൱ÿ20ԪʣĬĬ㣬״ӷֵʳ⡢޻ҶЩǲǮõģЩ⣬ǵĴԶԶ˦˳﹤ʮ֣Ĺ˹ʺҪǮʳǲûǮ
վϲ̧ͷȥ㡣
ǫ˵֭׬һСǮ
ĽҲ٣ʳ⡢㡢Ҷÿһӯ⵰ܻӭع⵰λչԸг
ҶЦس˵ӳʳмȥǷֵõġ
մͷϽ֪ȥʳֱֱ߸ʳֵһջֵܷڡ
Ůٶ׳ͶǱʳͷǺ
û˼ǽʳ̫˱
ڿЩ׳ֵ500ʳͶ쵽600ʳղμͶʮСӶ쵽400
ȫ˷ʳŷ꣬ʳŷ޻Ҷһɱº׽㣬ÿÿʮ⡣
ԲԲÿͷٽأƽʱԱú١ײιֵϴˮƮźͻ
׵ѩָ
֧Աȥﲶ㣬һʴ㱻ϰоβ˻׸ߡ
֧һںtݸҶôʵ߿϶ţʦȥԣ
һʡt㡣
Ĵ֮ζֺ֧ǺǵغҶ˵ɱ˵ʮ鶼ţϡأ
Ҷʶǰһã۳ʦǽųԾͺã
ӪӲõľt㣬ôtڷ겻ʮ鶼ġձֺǺǵһ·С˻ȥ
ĳּˣǶº㡣ˮˮݷһʺÿֵܷ㣬ĲᡣֵûؼҷŸš
״һʷֺ죬ÿ˶ֵ˲ǮƽʱĶڶȥһٻ̵úһ˺üһ׾ƴ˺üƿû޵Ĺﺦߵѩ˪ͣ˶ļͥĥǮһ
Ҽһ˴е˼˱ڣֵعꡣ
Ϧҹ
պڴ˱
֪һƬůڣ¯ӵĻͭհг˱ƬⷺٷɫƯþϼһ㣬һȥ̸ʮˡ
ⱡɴӨ͸۵ֱ˽ʡ
֪֪һֵĺòˣɾ䣬ն޲ڡһ±ζ㣬һóʳһŴױʮָ㣬껹ûͳ
÷÷٩Ҷʦòȥһİɣ
Ҷػ治ǣֻѹ˼ѧͷѧ޶رǿֳԿͣĥһʱ䣬ͨʳﶼ
ʦع˼ƿϺõę́ƣԴ˹֭󣬸ӵϵˡ͹򽻵ûֵֹľʦһֱҶǰę́óѵĻƱę́ع
Ҷ˾ƣһĿũģˣʳ˰ҵ
ȥʡ￪ᣬЩݻ㱨쵼ġʵϵСʳϪؽֺգϹʳȥı⵰ֳ¾1000ﵰ500ݣ½Ĺ۳10000ƿֳ֭ķᣬ˾100Ԫء
Ϲģʽ֤ǿеģ꿪ʦ㻹Ҫȥûᣬ쵼㱨Ϲģʽ
ʦг˸п飬Ҳʮܸϳ۳ǡ
ʱ򣬵Զҹһ˲·졢ؿıֵ˴ԶܿҫĻ⣬СԱ˷ŵţЦŵڡûʲôֻǰֻҪˣҾ˯ˡڳϦҹҼһĬص͵ƣͷһذú͵Ƶ㵽ˡ
ҳҲ˷һúͣǵ


112 
һ, շǰס
ҶһֵıѾ˺ĺͮͮıмһɱϢ
ζ
֧֪, ˼ʦ
Ҷһ, ȻǮ޿֧õǮܲףƽʱǺܽʡˣԸ߶ʮҲҪʡһǮѡ
ֱ֧Ҷ÷÷㡢ʦԼţ仨Ǯȥʮ顣
ҶȤ֧귢ˡ
ֺ֧Ǻǵ˵, ʦĸ, ҿɲǷˣ
Ǽ˶, Ů׳Ͷ, ΪͶ, ׵Ĵӷֺٶ, Ǯøשˮ෿ˡ
Ҷ֧ţȻסˡ
һͦӰҲں, һ֦̣¶ʪѡüë֪֪ǰվ˶á
ҶСܵǰ, ϲʣ˲ĵ籨Ҳ, ô˶ң
ǰעҶ͵͵˵Ǹոյġ
ɤ·𱻷綳סˣͳɳơ
ǰѾһûмҶˣӣȡһɫĵо޿, ˮɫް, δȥЦԵʮлģǹúܺ
÷÷ˮϴ, ǰʮ־ϲǰˣ
Ҷˣ
ǰ΢΢Цʱյ˷ż֪ͨ·ϳһЩ״ûиϳϦҹ
ûȵĴưסҶ
Ҷϸǰüëͦ۷壬˫ĿǾʢʱ򣬸һҹ·Ҳһ˿ƣңԶϵϹ壬һǱһһҹ
Ҷ˹ǰö໰
ǰ˵ຣҪܡ
ǰҶ͹ǰʧȥϵҪ³ڽԭ.оʳѰˡ
ҶʣҼĵĶյôô࣬ࣿ
ǰĵһһش𣬡յˣҼĵ⡢ռܺóԣԼԲ˵ͬ£Ƕ˵պܲǺæģÿҪ賿ŻȥϴĹڴ̡أ
Ҷ̲סˣǰ۵״ŵĺӰ°ðĺ
һԴ˵ҶˣһˣϽԵ㶫ϢϢ
÷÷ʱشӲ񷿶˳һѼŵϣ׼ˣ˶ӳԡյѼÿɺˣ֮ǰĵĽ˶ġ
ڵĴУÿһѼľѼһ˿ĸζϸһ׺ͮͮġζŨĽˣڶֱůȫ
ǰû¾ͳԹ棬۵Ȼܲ
ʦİˣֻˡͺˣѧһ⣬޺Ƶ͵͵ȥĹǰ
һ֦̾װʹţ˫Գһߡ˱ͦ΢΢һӰ˿óһˡ
Ҷѹǰȥߡ
ǰǴʮűϻϹ壬;ɻڻһһҹѾǽƣ֮ʱͷһմͷ˯ˡ
ҶעŴϳ˯ˣĽëչšŨܵþһСӡԴBеȥż˺ܶ࣬ż²Żһšȥ괺ûлҶŷԼѾϰ˺һꡣ
ϣ궼һ꣬һҹ
ҲͷֻδڣֻһǺ͹ǰһġ
ǰѾ㣬ҶˣȥԼ˵ɡ񣬷ĲѾø߸ߵģװһӣȥʢһ̵Ĳȡװ˰׷Ѿõͷ⡢ըõ㡢ŵĺ⡢һѼͰݵ÷ϵĹװӡ
ֵʮڴױװģǰ׻Ĵסۣ²ֿ˻Ƴγεסɢһɹ㡣ǰ죬ǰ֪ʱʲôûС̶һʱ䣬Ѿ˺ܶı仯
ǰҶϴ·̧۷·Ѿϴˣֻûصӣ䡣
ÿһ·úúõģӵɶ顣·һ룬ѯʺ֪Щ˵Ҷؼҹ꣬͵ʳš
һúܺá
ǰˡ

ҶԭƻŴοʴƶ¹ˣҰظʹס⡢ʳ͡㿪Ҫȥʡ￪ᣬҪһЩƬΪϡ
һʡﱨ˼ɷãϹüˣȤ˵ߵ·ߵҶϤˡ
ͷʡı絥λ¡ǽһҪǾǱϹ塣
ӽҪΪϷʡģ壬ˮƽܸߡҲܺáʡǵļԭ̫ţһˣֻʣĵ
ϹмǹپǵŮܶǰսˡÿ·ʮ֮⣬Ҳÿÿ·飬ʳ⵰ǰϹûЩ£Ҳ΢ǿ˵ˡ
Ƿж֮ҰС顣
һ˼Сѧˣ˵ʲôѺʹﷴӳôУϴѧǻвҲðˣǸϹ
͸ҰȥѧУҪһҾͿǵĹ֣
һ֣Ȥ˵һÿͿ֣֡
룬ǡ֮Ҳʹգ
ʱ֣һ˻صᣬҶ֪ǳ֣ǰһȺ֮Уĵغ졣
㡢⡢Լֵˡ͸ҶеĴŴӰٻ̵ʱֻ͡û뵽ûҶǼһεˡ
ҶǻǰϹ壬˸죬дϳ
˺ѽⲻʦİ𣿡
ǹǰϱһȺΧסˣûӦôĳ棬мܡϹĴһһĳ˵ʦİˣ֮Ѹ˸ƻݸֻˮǰԣ˸һ⣬еĸɴֻȵݸ
ǰɴļҳѯһЩҶ顣
̸ʦϹĻϻӾ͹زסˡ
һ˵ҶĶأȫض˺һ˵Ҷѧȥ۳ǣ˲ҶǷʳ˵ҶյʱϹݺݵسһѷͷӶĽˡϹƶ˸ԣ塭
ǰǲԾ
һСʱ￴Ҷˣ˵ʦڻˣ
˵ǽֲؼңСʦʦʦǼԵ㷹
ʦİ˳ÿɾСƢãӹֽʵʦиˣ
ǰֻҪǰһվ˶ʦ͸ˡ
ӢߴΪ˺һۿ
͵ĶֵʲôǮһ⡣÷÷Ҫ߲ˡˮɽɻ⡢㡢ƷЩصĺ÷÷ˣûؼԼá
÷÷ʢȴЦ̫ˣ֪ɶҲȱȥɣ
߿һĻæһץģһ渻ԣ߷ѾȻţĸɲοʿҲˣһˡ
ҶǰһʡǱļߣǴġȿſڱֽϿǴ塣
ҪҪһǴ壬ںǰ仯е󡣡
ϡǴ塱ˣɼҶǴĵ׵ϲ
ǰ΢Ц֮á
һ벻Ϲ巢˷츲صĸı䡣ǰһƬƬʵһ001ʵ001ŵ001020гڴϣЩҪʮӲŹꡣ
ĶȥˣǰȻֻܿͺͺԭҰǿõǽεⰻȻֻǺεȷյĳ
ҶɽȥϡԱˮʳ
С۷ۣۻǿسʳˣԱ˱ůѣӹǰһȥ°ͷСһʱ֮塣
Ҷȥ˰Сʱļŵᡣ
ЩǹӦλСصĹ磬ÿ¹Ӧٽ˵δCеĹ绹Ǵļ͸ˣȿͻƹȫ
ˣǴԼ˸֭Ȼȹ֭
ǰ۵Ǵ˲𡣡
һǰҶԶһɽĿ¶ԾԾԵ㽡˵
ǰһҸЦȻҶ塣


113 
һ, СߴߴźҶȥӰǸȺľͷҶǰҲ½ŵλãֻԶԶؿЦЦ
ʦ, ӳԱ֧үүȥӰ
ʦӳ˵ЩǶ㣡
ǲǺ, ˮġ
ţҶһСдã˺ѩ׵ֽ׿ϸ⻬ҶһȻҵǰǰûиǣΪҶ֪ͷҪǲ, ƾƱһϡ
Ҷһ, ݱһϤζΧʣµǷָߵС, ǷֵǸ˵ˡ
ⱲӵһγԵ־Ķ, ˿˿˵ѡҲûбóԵĶˣ
֧ظȺ̰, ֱ⡣ţҶ, űⲻǼԵʲô
ţ岻Ƿֹһһ𣿾ʣ⼸Ҳ˼ʦҪ
Ҷڰ˵û, ԹöΣĺȴǵһγǡԴϹŪ˹֭, ǻȡʸˡϵʳˮשͷ, µСС̡ơƱȯû뵽ڵĴҲܻˡ
֧ǰЦӶȡè̵ݸʦִ󷽣ͣ޾ܡҲЦ, ǰǴ, ǰʲô֪ġǴ˳˸߲ףܳԱӡܳ, ˵Щģֻͦġ
֧֪Ҷƴѧǰ껹˸״ԪһֱϹǵ
ǰֻ̣ӹȴûеš֧Ļ˼˵ѧѧѧУǱҲͬˡԺʱˣ»ȥѧϰǴ彨úܲʡί쵼ǴĽӡ
ֻܸͷ쵼̵ǲܵġϹȻֻһССũ壬ȴһģʽʡȫ˵żԶ塣
Ӣ绰֪ͨҶú׼ʡί쵼Ϲ̽顣
Ϲ֮ǰĸʱ͵͵еġ˳š߲ʳĴ֮⣬ĵطҸߵšĴǸʲôʾǡҪ
ʡί쵼ǰXԾгԹšǡʡԼȰѺһ֤꣬ɹŸҰݡ
ȥףӢʡίܽʽ㱨ϹģʽĲϣһʡļ߲ɷ꣬ίͬ־֪˵Ϲڽиĸ飬еǷһĹȥ괺ͷļץũҵȶʳ֣֤ȺڵĲӡίϹˣҵܸƯɲǽѩ̿
ⲻ˯ϵͷʲô
Ӣҹ绰Ҷú׼óһЩҪʡﶪϷƣ쵼İɣҶͬ־ŵסӡ
ûӰ¶˵˵ǿտڰغһȺѧͶ;˳˼ѧУʦˣȥ˸۳һˣһȺϪʺĵطָҪɹϹĲҶЩ˵ڵˣЩϰǰŵסӣн쵼ǰ
ȻҲԼб£̵ѧ˴ѧǸعһƯҵҶ޵ĸм
ӢЦЦĵڵ绰ﶣǾίǲһϵͳܵõίֶ֧Ϲкô
Ҿί쵼Ϲ塣ίȫƹҾίԱᣬҺ۵ؾС֯ȼƻЭ
ʦ˰һޣһϹģʽĲϣϸ㱨ľñ仯ںʦҪȥᣬǰͰѲ߰˰ˣﻹûеȥЩ쵼
ҶʱһݡƻھϹơչáʦ޲øͿءϹѡֻ޶īˮ࣬ʱץ׳ûжīˮʱ为ԽӸ̵ˣȥȥ˼θ۳ǣݺݵز÷֪ʶϼ档
˽ʾ֭д˼׼ƻҶϷǡʯͷӡؿᵽһ㵱ĸ￪ŵζˡ
ȻʦΪȡõĽѾܶ࣬ϸһдǻúԶԶʡﻹܿһŵȫͲʲôˡӵĿ֧뻹һƾʲôõ쵼ۣ
Ȼ֮ǿʵ̫̫˾ﵽԪҼһܸ·ӣȫGDPܴﵽԪʦ˵ǿ˹ĸչˮƽ;״
磬ίһףĸϹ壬еĵСһˡ
ϹûʲôʵģҶβι˲Ҷ԰Ѽι˹԰¸ǵĹ֭
ȻЩڴûʲôϡģǸھίͬ־ȴһҵĺХ
Ǵôֳ
óĲҶֵ֣ܷͬĳɣͨũƷóͼ߷֣Ϲ⻹ռ˱ˡ
˼ʡίȻĬǴ塰ҵʳʣĶԼľһľٴҵĹҾίͬ־ͷ졣
ҶϺŵЦݣؽ͵ΪǴʡĸ߲ʳأֻҪͻгɹʧܡʵʧˣһʳָɲˡ
ɹˣʡũҵͬ־Ҳῼ⡢Է¸ýʳû취һпʡļƻʡίǽָ꣬ʣµĶо
ίͬ־˵ͷȷʵһЩĴϽɵʳֻʳǴʳӡ
쵼ٴ룬ش̼˼ԡʦоĿÿҪʡﲦܴһʾѿ֧ǴǿԸ㡣̬ѭݼɫ⵰ݹ硢λ׬ȡľƷ
ίͬ־ȥι˴Ĺ֭һש߷ɾ룬ظǻ㱨Ŵġˡ
ϸջԼ30ˮƳɹ֭Ͷ뱾г40824ƿӯ38210ԪĸɲͷŪҵֳȥ2֣ӯ5801ԪҪԴԾǲҶĳڣȥǴǩ˺ָͬ۳ǳԼ2ֲҶȥǸ˽301234Ԫ㡢30235Ԫҵ˰ա
Ǿ÷ˣ֮Ǵÿ²ÿ600ﵰÿ³900⣬600ݡǴĸ߲ʹϪȥϪ׻㱨ĺȥ13109ֱ֣ӻ߼ӵػгʳ⵰ѹ
ԭĲΪľίͬ־㱨֣صһ
ͬʱ÷÷ÿ쵼ַһݡƻѩոµֽӡŹ壬ȻǸӡûõģս˻ŵīζףȲطݳʮҳļƻ飬ԽԽԾ
ѹʡίΪ̵ƣ۵ũ徹Ȼ˹ؼã


114 
Ǵһһ, һ൱ڱҪԶԶǰͷ᲻᷸˴/ԾĴ󣿵Сͬ־ʡ
Ǵй㲻βͣǰĹǹҵ, ÿһʳƷָ꣬мÿһۻڶҪ, һ嶼ܰ칤гҪˣ
ףףɽֽ̬ȡеļλͬ־ϣ, ھ档ǵһһ׳
ǴĹô, ǰ𣿡
Ҷһ, Ǿίͬ־, һھҪ
ʷɺ˽ҵΪ, ϹĹ֭ϸ˵ҵ, ҵѿڸĸ￪֮˿൱ڴż壬ǽͷ긻һġ塱ߵҲ·, Լǹ¸йһ塣
Ҷ൱ڳ桰塱Ĵ, ѡ塱͡Сڴ塱šһ, Ϲ塣
ͬ־Ҹǿһݣǹ֭ϡ
Ҷ˵Ϊ˽ǴˮѲ˽ġˮıڶ̣ϪصشƫƧȺɽ, ͨ, 쵼Ҳ⡣
ףɽͷϻûȥĲɫǽε, ᡣ
Ҷ˵ɽࡢ֣ˮͬʱҲõʵʦϪصءþӣƫԣ˵һҲΪƬˮ֭ˮ棬Ʒ
ˮڵǰͽʡίǱߣ쵼ǷſһԡϪȥĲ1021ԪϹũҵʮԪǴĹ֭ȥ11½ɣڶ̶ʵ־Ԫ
֭Ͷг֮ܲǽӵ˺ܶԤĵӣֹǰϼƶʮԪ൱ڸĸǰϹһ뻹Ҫ岻ֹǽˮ˷ѣҪ˲Ƹ
ףɽ΢ɼ̾ѹʡίͬ־ͬ⽨ǿʺҪ¡
ֹǴ壬Ϫصˮ·ͬѡǻϪչ֭ǵĹȻڴＯУгɷԾռͷǲ豸ʽΪԭʼɷݡ
Ҷ仰״ǵͷ
֭51%ĹɷݹΪңΪ˳桰СĴ졣ȻѴ󲿷͸ͷǹ̫ðˡҲûгԿѾ쵼
֭ǳɺ˳ŵϹˮĻҲǰشǡ֧Ȥعȥÿˮۻֲֵƾƣոհ¡ڴˮǮ첻ȥժˡ
ףɽԱߵһλͬ־ɵʣͬ־һǴڷ¸·оͦ롣Ǵ󲿷ͶͶЩҵԺܱ֤ʳо
ʳũҪǹҵÿӶô¹Σӣ
Ҷ룺ƶѣöͦģ׳Ļȴһһӡ֮Ӣ쵼ʮɰˡ
Ϲĳɼ㲻Ⱥίͬ־ͷϣ治ϧѽ׵ͺ
Цеػش𣺡һ⣬Ǵ嵱̽·ʱķ˺ܶȷȶʳҲɹҽָꡣ
ȣǴʵ˻еؽԼͶԭʮĶҪ15׳ʵ˻еһ˿ԹʮĶ
Σʡǵ߼عԣֻҪҵʳʣĶԼΪ˶ʳũͻԷضɻ
ǴһϸĹʷֺƶȣʵСƼơĹƶȣֳСĵλͶ֣ԭҪͶɵĹһͶɡ衢ԴϼȵΪʵͶԴŷ䡣
ǴоǷֿģоʦǴѡһɼѧΪ֡ũҵɴӳ𣬾Һͺʦ𣬽㸺һץСһץȲ·
ףɽҶ˵Ƽơǰޡ
֪ǡƼơǸĸ￪źŲĸõ˵Ȼ˸е档ϸϸһҶʲôǼƼơ
ʵеļƶƺܴ󣬿Լȥһ£׶ҲкܶࡣһһӢߵȵŮɨɨ֮һûлˣʣµʱ䶼졢ྐྵӡ
ŵǹӪһֻһ̳ײˣҪһͬ־òˡһϴһСһһͬ־ϲˡЩֻҪһͿˡΪʲôϯ֪ʶɽ磬ΪڵͶڸ㣬Ĺλ
Ҷ˵ǰÿһϸֵСĵλ縺ͬ־ĳͰÿ⵰ݵͣÿ100ǻ1Ԫĳͣˮׯڵͬ־ÿ1000.5Ԫ֭ͣͬ־ݸλͬһ׼㷽ʽԱ֤ÿһǶǰƷѣͶãôֻҪڷܾĲƸ
ƼǰͷһַʽܹԡЧʣʵΪȳԴá
ӢһҶᵽƼƵʱַۣ䷽ʽӱ
ʡί쵼˼οǾίˣճǺ;ô򽻵ףɽɨһϹݣÿµһԵȶǣʱھ˸⵰ݹӦٸǶһЩʱ䣬ʱΧءһе
һͬ־Ȳɣҿǵļƻ飬չĲдòô֤ǵ⵰ܰռƻӦȥ
ϹĴӾίͬ־öˣ
еĴȫΪ˸ĳ쵼ҵеһеԴָ꣬׳쵼ġӹ̡
ʦĴָ죬Ҷһȶ˳棬ȫûԴ쵼ֻţȲҶĻش
쵼ĵ⣬ԲǴ巢ǴˣչԼɫҵҲǲҶڡǴÿҶȡʮԪ룬ҶڸǴṩ˽ʵľû
ΣǴзḻͶԴǴÿٻɱҵӣȽǴ塮ȱͶȱ˲š⣬ҲΪﻺ˱ҵľҵѹ
÷÷ͬһ־Ŀ⿴ʦû뵽Ҷȥѧ˵ΪﾹȻҵѹ
Ҷοصͷ˳һͺ÷÷ɲ𣿻Ǻʦ
÷÷ҭһ¡
ʦ˵кܺõʳʦоĸ߲ʳĿƵƵϲѶʵϵСͨ2Ķ550Ķ230ϵƷ֡ȶʳӦֳ֤˳С
ǵߺãͶԿǰǣͶԴܹõЧáǰʡί쵼֧֡оίͬ־Ͽɣе֤гȶӦ⵰ݣϹ꼻һֵӹ̡
ʦоݵ˵һ۵ͶŨŨġˮƽǴѧ
⼸Լǻ¯춼ȲǻȻӡ˱ˡ˵ͱ쵼ʵץ㲻ûᱻһǽǵñӡ
ʦ˵֮󿴵쵼ϲ̵˺һһ׻Ҷģ쵼ϲĻ㱨ܹچ¡Ҫֱ⣬˼ҪƨҲҪޡνǧ򴩣ƨ
һ仰þίͬ־¶ǺǵЦݣڳˡ
ʦһ˵ѽⶼ쵽ˣ쵼ҪҪȥǴ塮ĳɹ
ףɽһȷʵͦ׵ģΪʺɽ첻ˣͶڳӦģɽ·ֱӰһͬ־Ūˣһ·Źġᵽﻹסӡ
Ȼͬ⣬ȥƷϹɹ


115 
Ⱥɢ, ֧쵼ȥʳáʦ˺һЦʴôղұֵòɣ
÷÷˴Ĵָ, ˳ԼС˵˵ղ쵼ƲŻ, ȶӶ򶶣Ǻʦı
ȻĻҶȫԴжȣҪ֯һ׼, ϶Ҫ쵼, ģ׳һһϬ, þﷸġ
ղͻͻòһԲϰץȥͶ״ΰɣ
ǰҶ˴Ĵָ, ҶԹǰֵ΢΢һЦ, ̧ͷͦصžίС쵼ȥʳá
ǰʳÿһ, Ѿ磬ΪԵ, ʳýѹӦͷĴ׷, ÿһֻͷ, м⡢⹩ӦҪǮ򵫼۸ȴʳõζµģµǽϷˢšԼʳƴһɹҽ񡱱
һô٣ȻȲϳ﹤ɣ̶һ֮زѾǺܲ, ѵõϹʳǸ, ũʳãĹԶ
ӳʦϷ, ˳ʹҽܵǸǹʱ˳㽨ģԺԱԣƱƽֱˡ
ëǮزëǮ׷һëǮɫëǮһǮͿԳԵһζķˡҪǸĹӪ꣬һٲ鶼δܳԵôʵݵķˡ
ίĿСһˣΪԶĿˣ׼ĲһȻֻĲһȴһ
ʨͷõ׵ɵģԱǰŸɱãž͹ˡڵʨͷݣ˽ǧΣɵʨͷ;͹ըһʮӣȫ
˿һպˣ壬ŨͿ˿ȴ壬ֻۻ壬Ϊסˮ֣ȴըը˾һˡԻİѿʮֽ
һǼС¯СУڵ¶ȸոպãܰζʱظογʵθ
ǶôʳģȴԿóģⶼʵġڴ͵ȡģյգÿһڶƷʵζ
ףɽڳԷǰʴˣһܳԼ⣿
ũһ㶣ָͷڷһֱԵ嶼ʣȥӶ翪ʼ½½ˣȻպٽŴѧھϯ°˹ǸˣȥǹͶÿ춼ԣһֱԵΪ֮
ʮΣиر
ǲඣöǴԼԸⷢ
쵼ͬ־ҽ׿ķֺʮ⣬ⱲӶûùô⣡
󹤳ʳÿţֻҪǮԼͳԼ٣ֻҪӹøζ쵼ȡ
ίͬ
־ĬĬ룬Ⱥˮƽͦġǿûֵʮ⡣˵ǧҲһġ
ףɽҶ̸ƼơӼƼ﷢һ·ӣͷŨʱ쵼ҪңҶȻ㡣
ϸϸؽˡƼơǴܱ֤֮ЧʣƼƵĹͲɣֻ漰Լ棬ҲŻ
ҸϹʱ򣬷ʮ˰һĶصĲݣһ춼ûꡣ˼Ƽ֮һһܳĶصĲݡũҩһ˳аһĶܸ꣬տʼƴĳ̶ŪǸҪ˻ȥϢҹСͷ䡯
ףɽ룬ӳһʵʵ⡣˶жԣЩáÿΪָ꣬Ūƶȡûᣬǵͷ˼ɵһƼơ񵽵Ǻ͡ͷ䡱һǰҪ˶ŸɻԾƴظɻ
˵㡰Ƽơ漰ͬķƶȣ׺ڹҵ㣣ȺʵҲʡί߸ǰǶţǲŸô
ʣÿȥҲӵ֪࣬Ǵܹṩٹλ
ףɽĵһ⡣
ҵⲻ⼸⣬Ҳǽ꾭ίɽ󡣴ĴҵڳǵʳסѾǳн˵ĳذˡ
дҵǹؽ⣬⼸ϯ֪ʶ硣ʲôûУһףô磿
Ҷ΢Ц˵ڼƻдÿλԤ1962Լṩ500λǴÿ궼ȥҵ໥Ƚ˳Ͷ⣬Ҳ彨˻ĵ⡣
쵼һ磬ŵС鵽ﵽ䣬Ȳ衢ˮƷֿζĹ֭԰ɽأøũûʲô𣬴мܡ
̫ɽһﻺʧ˵Уҳ˿
ʦ쵼𣿡
ҶòЦ˵϶⣬ǵķȫ˲𡣡
Ⱥ쵼ģҼŵýץ÷Ƶġ
֧ЦеȥǺȲ裬øõĽڵˡ÷ӳԱŵӰëŮҪ𣿡
ͷëŮ̫ÿˣⲿӰ˳ζ͵߿ۿ߷ỨӰӹÿʵûеûѹȣǳԱůСŹӣҸ¶ˡ
ϣҶ绰Цֱ˳ŵ绰Ͳ
˵ף쵼ͦǸˣ쵼˵ظɵƯ
ҶƤ˵Ǳͺܲܲ𣿡
˵ˣֱû취ֱ
Ҷˣֻ쵼ʡǴģʽרŵֻᣬ˳Ǵ¼½½ϱֽ쵼ҪʱҪȶƣ佾꣬¿๦ץ
ʳҪ߲ʳû⣬Ǵ˾ԶΣȥҶֵ룬ัҵԾɲϹ岻ǿһ֭뷭԰쵽𣿡
Ҷؽ񣬡ܣ쵼ģ
˳Ҷ˵һСϢףɽһͬ־Ϲ֮ǰȥˡլ塯֮ǰ޲ڣʡϹ֮Ǻ
կ壿ҶƬ̡Դһ˲Ŀհס
ûɣկӡǸġկ
ʮоҵĿںǡҵѧ졢ũҵѧկںһֱͳ쵽ĸ.ǰνġũҵѧկָǴկܶȫũҵѧϰȽȫ˲֪˲
Ӣӹ绰լԺլկӵկǴǴ࣬Ǵǿܶ
Ӣȥլļļ࣬޹ɽ嶼ͦ˼ģǲĵΣɽꡢɽض࣬լɽڳϹɽϸֲֲ衢ֹֹѲҶԶ۳ǡˮե֭˹֭
ףɽլǺȻ£ӢΪʡϹҲĳЩɼԽϹģʽвˢ¼¼ĸ߲ʳгڴɫҵԸ㻹Χ
Ӣ˵Ҷͬ־ʡҪǾȫȥȡᡣ
ֲһСʮа˾ƣҶ侲ҪʹլһͣΪʲôܺǱȣ
Ҳб׶ˣǿиıȻΣˮɽ廬¡ϹߵǻСڴ·ۺ˸ĸ.ŵ˼룬Ĳ˵˷չũ徭ãʱƶ˼·ߣ
Ҷس廰Ͳ쵼ģ

ϣһٷʢķǰСǰֻж̶̵һڣҪȥˡ⼸ΪӦ쵼飬˼ϣûպúдʦİˡ
ʦعȯ˼ƿþƣ˾ƣ˶ӳೢûеöೢ
÷÷һԵذѺõĶøҶʾǰϡ
Ҷ̯һӴǣǸĶ治٣ѹ׵ĺûóˡһعȯعˮ㡢̾ơһһֵǮȻйҵȯҵȯеĽλƾܹҵƷ߼չҵȯշˣǵһǮҪ
ǰȱЩŸ򼸴أ
ǰ߲ܣ˺ܶ˾ľơȸ˵Ĵظ˵ʦĺܲסһܵ۳ôԶĵطҶ
˵ʡί쵼Ҳ
˺üʡίλǲſǴ塣
Ȼƽʱеѹǣҿھ˵İȫУĵ׵̤ʵңҶֲӦġĳѧȸ˵
˺ݺݵǺһڣǱʦˣ
ҲһۣʦǴĿг羴ĶĬˣˣֻǴĵ׵¡
ţ仨˵Ժôûз˭ΨҶȷʵǺ˲ˣ˶ӳ֪ϵأллһֱ֧Ҷ
عͷȥ꣬ƾ͵˫һظıӣ޵Се󣬾Ȼ˽̶ȣġ
ҪбЭ飬дŻؼҸ߼ˣɶɶڼ伸ٶ⣬ǿ»Ϊڳ룡
з󣬹ǰҶڴһ鿾ůĻ¯һŵС貵ҹա
ǰ˵Ǻܵ뿪Ƶģһظҹơ˵û
ˣȴкЦ⡣
ѧΪ꣬ڼҶ뿪ҲҪȥ顣ô˴ĵ׵ǰϵѡ쵼Ҷȡһ֧֡
ҶָԶһƬЦʵҵ롣
˳ܿҪɸľϲҶ鿴һԼĺ̨ʳѳһСɽ˵ȷģŬӭһ⡣
ǰԵҿˣҶΪеԺ


116 
,ǰ׼ٷػأȥ֮ǰҶȥĸɨĹ㡣
ɵĻûȫʱ򣬺÷÷Цеذɹɵ÷ˡ÷⽴ʰǴϡ
Ҷæ֣,˵ҪЩˡ
÷÷ЦЦΪѽ˵,Ǹ̵ģǸ̵ģ˳ӸҼҵģ鷳һˡ
ʰͳ,ŵִ԰
ǰĸĹβ,ҶմֽǮ,
Ӳ,ĸ,ĬĬ˵϶,һδǡϣϺúñ
ǰ֪Ҷкܶţʱ̹Ҳ޷,һУܻл˽⡣ΨһȷŵһŰ,㹻ˡ
ɨĹǻصCеļԺ,һ·˺ܶˣغǴкʦã
Ӵǰϱ
ǵĸ߲ˣʦǶ˵н̵ĺãҲѺر׼,ɶʱп̽ǼǲϢĴ
Ҷ˫ֱȭ,ã
˵˵пա궫ߡ
ǰòҶԵ,뿪Ժ˻ô˼ǵߵĶкԵ
ھǿǷıӰһƬۡ
廨⣬׻ĴסۣӡǡҶǺöֻ˵ҶȥƶɽȥƶˣȥƶǴҽ࣡
ǰЩҶûùϵھӰûڵ룺ҪǵõԼڵõЩǣ
Ҷͷ󺹵̼ңǷ
÷÷ϸļˣÿ˵ֺˣò֯Ĵװ˳лӡֱǡ⡢װ档
̷Ҷˣϲ⣬Ҷдˡ
ǿҶİCеĻеǰեͻġ˸ξ鷳ˡ
Ĭصͷ뿪ܼң뿪ǰҶ˸к
Ҷʣʲô𣿡
ϴСʳ⣬ղŻŵüͷȻɿͷܵһӱɢ⡣
Сҡҡͷ˵еĳϵҴһǹתѣʳָҲˣòԱù¸ڣ̶ָʲʳ
ֻһͨݽʦͰǲͶҽ
̾˿Ϊһͦһͦû뵽Ҳ䵽زô๤ˣ
ҶڣĲȷʵŲȥˡƲӵʱʱû¹ֻ¸ѡ
ӣ֮ǰе˺ܶҶϹȱĿɲʳ̻һ󳧲ܣǰתһʱ仹Ǵ´ࡣ
Цû£а취ҶʱҺܶæҰ취
Ҷʲô취Ҷӣ˵Ҳ̫˵֪ҿԽˡ
ǰɵЦˣϹһɽͷֳһƬƬѵø߸ߵ֣˻û취Ŀ԰æ
Ҷѹǰȥ˻
ǰ뿪ǰҶʲô谭дŸңǿȡ֧֣ܶˣʶ˱Ƚ϶ࡣ
ҶͷϹĴлл㡣
صϹҶѻе¸˴Cеһȱʳ췢˵Ŀˣû˰ƲҲԶˡ
ʣǸһۼٽҶĻе
ҶͷǵġǰеٹҶܶ๤˼ĲҶûꡣʵҪҶֻΪ˰Ϲʳű˺ܶࡣ
һǶˣˬ˵˼Ұǣȷʵһѡ
ίǴһԡһţȻ֪ʳ󣬵һǰǵĶˣǾͲˡ
ˢˢҶʦǸʳʣոеѣǧʳǾû⡣
֧ã֯˵ȥյʳܶ࣬ÿÿȳʳʦǼƻӳиҵЩ֪Ŀǵ
ҶҡͷЦ˵ǵڣǵʳҲǰġг˵ǣѾǰ˺ܴæˡ
ձʳǮǻܳġдʳΥг涨ġ
Ҷ뵽һӣͷʳǡûеĹ½Ǽ֧ǳͣʳֳ͡
֧ͷҿɣ
ǰ׸ʳ֧Ǿ˫޳ɡ
ǴȷʵͦҪ޻ϴե֭ҪǸϽˮաĽڹۻ˻ǵõ£
˵ˮ֮ӿȪ౨Ҫøж˼ҵôѵʱǵĲҶЩʳҲûɶ
˵Ҫʳһָе˽°гǣûһԵġɶȱǲȱʳֶڵģһ㹻ꡣ
Ȼ˵ԼʳлǮǮеǲһģĶǣ
ֻҪּĵ˵ӣû˻˭һѡ
Ϲܿϵ˻еΪʳͷöڵ绰ӳҪʳһ˸жӯҪᡣ
ϽһϵļҪһڴֱϹ塣
죬Ӵ
ָһʳ˵ãǴ͸еʳһǧʳֱ׺С󡣡
˼ʮŴʮһת
ܾǮǮͲˣǴ͸һġǱߵʳҪǮģΪǴԼĿȳģϸͳһг۸չм۵һͿԡ
жһʱ֮ҲΪʲôЩʳ̫ˡ
ﲻҪƱʳ۸񶼷ƾʲô۵ʳƱȥվʳﾫϸﻹһϹǵĶǰ׻ĴסƳγεס԰۹
Ц˵ܹ˶£ˡǴǰٽҶһǿҶǮﵽ˾
֧û軨ۿ˵ũǣǾ;ĸ˭ǣҲϣȻ΢ﲻʲôæֻͳʳ
ȥ԰ɣ
øжˣˮۿ޲õ¸ǿļͷԭǡлˣ
һǧʳ˺ü˲ꡣͬʱһǸɹ磬ճζԻбǼ򵥵Ĺάԭ

Ŵ󿨳һ˵ذʳعɵüһ֪ǰCеơ
û뵽ִҲƲգ˶˵ǿȡ˲ĳɼ䵽ʵֻι˼ٿˡһӻ̫Сˡ
лָǰˮƽе˶Ϊʳ
ʦιٿѾܲˣСƴԭͲô̶һѾ˺òãʦô࣬һڳԲӡ
Ҷоƽʱ˵ɥˣȥ֮˽ʦʲô˼
ժ۾˵Ǵ̫Сˣʹÿһضʳǲܸıʲô
ͣƬ̣˵ǵĺ˵һֺƷ֣ڶǵƷҪϪֻֽ֣֤Ǹ߲Żõȫȥƹ㡣ƹһḶ́ꡢʮȫزŻǵһƷ֡
ֻҪϪֳɹƹ㵽ȫûģ֪κƷƳҪ飬Ծкܶˣ̲ס
Ҷ˸ͷļ򣬡ǱؾḶ́żҲûáҲûа취顣
Ҷȥ֮ڴϣȥ룺ûа취飿
ǿɲһĬĬͳ˽Ǹ˻ҵļٷװװ


117 
ʵ,Ҷһ·ӣԼڱĵطӵһȺԲзۡ
ȥ·ĳӣּɱŮӤ,Ϊ˾ŮӤװ˻ش
ΪϷļҶ½½һЩʳ,һʱ֮Ū÷Բﶼõϵµˡ˵ǸӵĴڰݡϵµˡֵҶͦⲻȥģ½½˵ʳ
ǻͷʳҲţǹƻû
Ҷҵļٷ,һ
ȿȡɴ߲С,ܺèèץľǺè
Ǹʷѡеˡһ϶ӵص㣺ǳеʷص,˫ȫڹΣ֮ͦ,ɽӡǹҵļ,ʷǰĳ֡
з߲ĺ,δҲи߲Сˮס

ʦӰӡ
пվȥÿζһѶ,ǹָҡֵͦĵģ󷽵˭ϲ
ձɵصĳ
ӵͷһ,ִھۼһȺˡ̨ϵͷ˴һϵ˵״,ϵ˴ȴ󱯣ն
̨µ˾شźϵ˴ȴ󱯣ն
ͷ״ֺ᲻ɴݡ
˫ȫķ衪
մΪ𺳣·𿴵˴͵ϴֳø⽨.Ƶġ˸,ǰڨһ˲ؿȻû˵ϵˣ
ǴǰֵּҪŮʳ,˾ǡʧ֮ʮʳಡһ,ƾճ֡ʱҡػΣ߸һģƣ˺ӵļôš
Ǽﶼʮﾫϸ
ǴסգȵȣСӣϵ½̰ɣҽзաԴӽ˵ĵ㻯طԲĵطҲûɱŮӤ˼ˡҶۣ
ȵشӶͳһСҿոնǽͦȤģ㷢֤
ҡҾͲ˰ɣǿһ֤СдšһɡҲдšһ㡱仰ũĻˮƽձͣũ򲻵ǡ
է֮¾⼸仰ʮ죬ӵ֣ʯ֮Ȼһǰʦ־ŮӤʱںߵĲ⼸仰
Ŀؿ̨ͷЩȫʦĽͽ
ߵƣʮʳô£
ܾС˿ڴݵػȥˡҲǵһοʦװձʾѾˡ
۳Ⱥĸϰ嶼ܱϣһȺũҲʲôϡ¡ղΪʦʲôԵģС챾дĿǡŰɱŮӤΪʦܺƵôͽе𾪡
ôȫͽͻˣ
ٻϹ壬ʦؿһۡ
Ҷ֪Ҳգ´˭أ
رͬЦݣ˵ʦˣȫ֪ˡֻظͳһĸҶļ
ʦһɰɣ
ҶЦе˵ʲô㣬ɻףȷʵһȽϷĻһֺ˶Աա
Ǻս˵з糾ͻصϹգ־ҵҵƶˣĹָƵĻεۻհ˺üҹ˫۷ŸʦΡ
ҲȥҶˣ

CУе֪㵽˼ǧʳһ̻ӣˣÿܻܼӶԣʱǼ⡢ʱѼ⣬һԣ
ڵķ֯Ľ۾Ҫˡðеӵȥô磬Ĺ˸ĵԸ⹤öҲҪͳӹѹءеٶٷܱݸǲʶȥеɻ
ǵôʳ⣿ССĳӺץͺȲ裬ϵãһҲû͸¶˸ɴд˾ٱȥٱед·ʳٱŻظʳԴ
ʡίֵũ壬˭Ҵ⣿ͬ־߷һũ壬ЩʳũǴԼٳģΪеĲҶĶ顣߻еϹͶʦǼʳͶãϷ
ٱҲûˡ
еĹ˼ŰȵӣԷ˯˳ڴÿһٵ⡣
̴ӻе֪Ѿʳ⣬һ˵ζʦԸæ
֣ص˵һµˡ
û뵽һ֮٣ھȻӡԼѹûа·ϣǲҴ˸棬ȥϵʳɼһʮˡ
Ϲ˶ҶŵҪʳת۴ĸɲϿҵǧ˰ٽʳǡϹ彨÷ǳãй԰԰ʳáٳ˵ǰԲ˾Դﵽ100Ԫ/ꡣ
һжҶһֽģòԾ塣
ϹʳеΪ˱Ҷ֮ǻеܲռ˱ˣóͶ̫࣬ϹȱʵͶһ֣һȺǸɶɵϹ幤ٻص
ȺǸɼԱԱ߽ϴ⣬˹˳룬ȴҪͣ˭⣿
Ⱥȥֹ֮ͻʳȻȳﻹãµĹ˵㣬Ȳϳ˼׷ʳ⡢ÿȶм¹ǮǴµģʳ򲼻ҪųӣзݣʱɲԸ
ںԱ򱨸꣬ǲŲˣ

Ϲ塣
ҶŴʵͶ̫ˣ⿿ÿҵɸбҵԶԶϾǲ񣬷¶Ҫ˽̡Ҫ˴еֱǶʮԱֱꡣ
ֱ֮ϲǸ˯˵ͷֱӽҶȼü֮
һִĹ֭ӪѣûеסʦʹﱧԹǾäϹĥŸɻҼûм顢Ҳûй飬ͥʽӪʱ׬Ǯȴ޷á˶Ǵʢˮû˻Ը֭·ӡ
ЩԱһѧϰóһµˮҵߣƶ͹滮˱׼ÿ裬ģϹĹ֭ϴϵζеĳˣ
ֱֵ֧֣֭ǴĽ𵰵ܸӲԶˣͶֱ̾Ŵһºʵڡ
ҶҪʳеǧ˰ٽʳȻ࣬˼գ۾ͰͶ͸ˣǻٶǮ򲻵ĶоʦƵط


118 
Ҷ«ư, ָϹҪӡ
类ѧѣִһȺ峤ӳ峤ʾҪϹ塰衱֡Ƶʣզ£
ôֵ֪飿ΪǴȫģ壬˷ġھӡף, ˭֪ǡµءģ
Щ˰Ѵڼˮй֪ͨô, ȥʾ
˵, ̾˭û, ֵôôأǴʳҲ࣡
Ϣ, ˼Ƭ̸˵ǿӸǡ
ǰƹ̫, ⲻ˯øϵͷ
ϵĲҲס, ǴɲרƵģִƵһξ͹ˣڼǾҪˡ
еĵϸϸ㲻ҪֻǰҪԶһЩǴʳԼԻ㸻, ҪһءһȴԶԶءж, ĲǺܿȥ𣿡
˲⡣
ȥɻ˼һȥְӡӵʱһֽǶСֲȥ֮ǶҰˣʵʵģǾ͵ʳˣ֪𣿡
ϹǱܵģǼܲסڼּģǼſڡϹ˵徫񿶿ͳʳԮ, ǴＷ¿ֵ, ɶëûɶë
ֱǸ춯أ
Ҳ˽ˣԼܳԱů, ӶƻʳһΧȫּĵˣŮũζ뷨һأҪȫǴĸ߲ӣũ񶼳ԱůҺôҶã
˵Ĵʳѹûѡϵµˡͽʳϵһ𡣱Ͼͷʳ̫ˣǰʱǴҲӼùе˲ʳǡ
ũõָġ֡Ǻ޲õԸһӸɾʮ㣬һȺ˾ǵţһ־׼ʱ֣ɵ۾ˡ
ȫû뵽ԼֵǸ߲ʳֻ֪ܴǡҸ֡
־ĵ֮£һȵʳˡڿصµĺĲڽÿĶزֱưǧũϲֱڿ
ֱӱĲŵˣôôӣһĶĶ

1962ļʼֽϸϱʳ߲طǣһӺĶǧһϱĶǧ˶ʱĶǧı˶ľˡļβͣһСϹ塱Ĵӣ˺Ķţȫ¶䶯ˡ
һֻص˼ǰԾ.ĻУļǺȻ֮䷢ԼõʳˣϾϸǰֻйڵʱеĴӦÿ춼ܿţֻҪȥŶһ׼õ
ƱСʣַھྼҳ̣һʳҲ͵ˡ
ÿ칩ſֵĳεڸգȴһʳƷʳƷεԭϹӦ㣬¡¡ʮ㡣
л¸Ա˭˷ܣ޲öʮСʱڳɻ
cеƴ󳧳ͳԭÿֻ10ֻͣʳӦֱ֮Ӵﵽղ5ʳ͵ָ꣬ҵϣӲϵй󷽵ظ˸ʳáжСѧСؽԱ¥
һֱ̻εĹӦƩұֳеˮ೧ʳƷϳ
cʡľǿƸգʡί쵼۾Ц˻ȫת˳˷չũҵʱĸʡøյÿ죬ĸʡͻࡣȫʡжŬũҵͼڷܣ뵽cʡֱվյ㣿
֪ǸӺгϢ֪Ȼô
Ϲ塰ʳӼΧһȦĴӣȫаũ嶼˸߲ʳյʱһ䶯һʱ֮ʡڵũŷҹȥϹ塰ȡѧϰ׷Щ߲ʳýϲϣ·ִ\\Ծʱ龰

ʡί칫ҡ
ӢüĿЦظҶ绰СЦضҶ˵ʦһźϢ
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Ǵû˼룡Ҷ޲ѵطġ⼸ǾҵҵعչԽԽãɲܰ·ⶥñӣ
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쵼㱨ȫȽҪǲżȥ飬ʡί߸λãһֱϹ嵱ͦ˷˲ŵġ
ҶЦ˵ˣл쵼ʶϹ嵱پͦġ
ʵĽ͹ҸĸߣɲȫģҪģ
ҶеźȻϹûгΪģһȫصĴӲϵ˵Ϲѧϰȡ߲֣ⲻǵ͵ġģ塱
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Щȫص֮ǰϹͿ˲ҶˮٶЩȴϹĲҶˮȫء

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Ҷ˵绰ЦЦ
һߵڷǰ껹ںڵķڲȫȾˡ̶¶ѣÿһ·Ǳҹĵư׵ġ
뵽˼ߣصũ˷գҼһֶѵģÿ챻ȥϲƣȶȲǰѵʱ˻ϲƣ·Ҳܿˡʳ߳ˮƽҶĿ࿴ؽȴ
ɶͷԣҶֿһõЦݡ
ʦ˼ƿˮݸֺǺǵŲƿ˵һϢһϢҪߴ
ϢǵĽ˼·ҽ˺üӣǵĹʮ󡣻ϢڵĳӺֶ̫ɲҪ½ӺƸˡ
÷÷ЦһϢһϢ
ֻĴָϢѽ꿪ǾȥˣҪȫշꡣ
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Ҷҿһˮÿһƿ˿˿ƿˮΣһƿʲôϹĵãɽϽĹʵqեɵĹ֭Ʒһ
͸ĲƿʢůĹ֭ƿϳдš֮⣬һС֣Ժ2291ԭʼȻ
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Ƭһģһ
ֽȥһŮͬ־ΪʶֽϹ壬ΪѧȡһƬֺССأֳ޵ϣǸ߲ǰʵϵһšʵźĶȫʳ
һȻر磬ССĴׯ̽ũĵ·Ϲ彨ѧУˮ·Ҽһ˺שС飬оȼòʹ
¼꣬ԼȻǻһɼԺ֮顣
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ֽϵϹסĺשˮ෿һש߷ƯСѧʳãɾˮ·ô˼飡ԭƶũҲԽôˮƽһ㶼ȳ
ŴҶĿޣƵ
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ѾǼˣǲڴڳԷڳ𣿡
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ÿ˶г, ˸ڴҶΪһöƽʦ, ôܾܾǵԸȻˣ
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ЦЦϹ֧飬ǰжٸɲǴѧϰ, Ƕ, Щǵĸɲ˵á
֧еǿǻһ壬Ϊ֧ʲô¶ӵģ
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סһ˶ôе϶šȻı飬ȱ˻Ҫ񱾵ˣ֧鶼˼¶ӣֻ׳ŵӲͷƤȥˡ
ȻֽϰǴΪԣ壬ʵԾģӱ֮ĸıֻ֧ǰһ࣬ڸҺˣմζˣ·첹ꡣ
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һһ˸ˣ֧һ˰˸ˣõ忾Ѽ˿б⡢ץƬˮӡ˵ʱԱ̲סǽԼʳ
֧˵ͬ־ܷģһҲʣˣׯˣرܳԷᶼúˡ
ʦЦǱصСԣӹĹҵĶͳһƱȯзһʮȫƱ
ûθرãͬ־ټˡ
ƱķԱЩһٷԵͨµĹʣͷũ˶ôǴźأҲз紵ɹĺۼȷׯںɡ
һζĲȱҳԵ͡ʮ㣬֧ͺʦǷǽ߳ȥġ
ҶȥѧУעᣬҶǰͿȻΪԵֱʽѧҪ62ѧͷʼѧϰԭİѾ˵ϵΡ
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ΪһͨͿԸоɵʳߣܳԵϵĶ࣬ϰյĲӸḻʸ㡣һжǰѧܶĳɼô˸е
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ŮͷҲܵԲߣʱǸĵزɣ
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󻷾ĶʦζѧãξϹѣѧɻѧģѧ鶼ףǴĺǵģƱҲˣײһؼҡ

Ҷ뿪ȥϴѧ󣬴ҶֲӦġᾭ۲ѣʱҸ⻳Ҷڵӡ
֧һֱҶѧУ࣬ÿٲ߶һ֡
÷÷ҶԲů⣻ʦòƱȯ֧鵣ӪļڴﵣλƵ㣬ÿ¶ĹʡίɲҶʱҶҲĶ
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ΪҶ׵ļͥٸļͥҲܽڣʳģ
ǾϲطҶǱֽϵǸĴ峤ѹһֱ˲ͣظʣ
ȫ˶żĽĿ⣬ǸôҶԱˣ
Ա˭Ա
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һȫضšũҵѧլѧϹĿںţѧϰͬԣķũ޲ðӵľ̽
˭ǳԱ˭ʳĸ
Ҷܿһ˼Ժ;Ժ׷ߣõԺͬѧ಻ԣѧϰӼ֪ʶͬʱȿһũ徭ƶȡ
ǱԹûãҶǰ˴һĿγ̣ÿһſζԸ߷ֱͨӴӴһ˴ģһѾǵͬѧ뿪ջ𱬵Ľֱÿտյ
ԺԺ԰İ뵼幤ʵϰԺ˼ԺѧԺΣԺͬѧ徻ˡ
û뵽ҶĿֲ֧ӲûнֻǸոտʼѡ
Ҷʵϰ󣬺ϢϵشҶɹܣŷ޶Իļİ뵼ҵʼ̽ĵ·죬Ҷ˳ҵѡ63ҵΪʷҵѧ
쵼󡢾ǸԺĺĿ죬뵼ʦһз˻׸ͼڸӾܵĴ㡣
65죬Ҷʷĺ.о˹ǰ