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κγ¼ۿλƲƣΪؼҵҧҧʿ۰ˡ
ͷ竹ӸҲס˭죬ô죬˭˭ѧʡ
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̫ӷ䰮֥湫ӡ̫ӵְδڣ
𨵱Ϊҵæµھҵһˡ̫ݲ裬̫ӷ纮캰ְ̫ӱȦǽͷ
ڳһƬ֮У̫үˣ
𨣺

̼У˵Ǹɰүƫ
үүͷеøƽ
2021/10/28
һ
Ϳֲbossһ׬Ǯ
Ϸ̳ÿһʱҪֲΪһʱƨҡ
ڶνֲϷΧ˶ˣоԼҲ
㾲ʱһλǡ·
ü۲ͣϴմѪTһͱצĹ
˵ֹ֣硣
˵޸npcΪҵ̫㣬ֲƻصʵ
٣᣺Ҿ㣬ǧ
޸ĸذשϻŷĺ
һ˲䣬ƽֹϽԼɱˡ
Ҫģﻹдţûء
ƾԼʾ׵ĲʺƨԼţݸţɹӴбԼ
Ϊ˻ծʼеСܴ򹤣Էһ𷢼¸С
ŴڿֲϷнӵңǾ
ͶԷʵдΪ㲻׼㱻̯
Ƹ۳ƣһ̨ͷʹ

ݱǩ Խʱ  Ůװ
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣ  
һ仰飺С̫ҵ̫ΪҰ
⣺Ŭ


1 
𨣡ҳϣ˿ֺһƬ
ΪʿɫǺ죬лһֽҳҳб²б³
ڣһ·ֱ鷿Χū͹ܼҼ״ŵòᣬ˳ȴǳ
ǰΪӽ첼õͷʹأ󣬵ּۿشϱ˳ץ˰ѹϣ׼·̬ǳ
òᣬи߾֦׷󺰣ӣվס
ܣϴͷǲðֲɵ

˸Ŀڰ˵
ŮͿϵʱıǷ˸ۣ˿ת۱״
ͿһƯˣʮƽŲƣʱü飬Ծϧ
ǰȰ裬ϸүΪӻСǳܶء
Ȼ֪ʲô£ͿѡŮΧ
ŮԼϵµһ⣬ܷҲۣɷͲһˣԸļޣ
Ϳдǻۡ
Ҳ᲻ýѵŮÿζС˿̨̿£ߵˣǲ֪Ӽʦ״³䶼Χӵ¡
СǱ˼ҵĺӣ״ϻһĶ飬Ԫһһ̽ɣʱ˵ʵѧԡ
һӣȴҪΪӽⱻӼʦҳ
鱯ʹֶ֦΢΢ʶģ£ʮо٣ʮ걻̽ɣȫ֪ĶӴ˴ιӼ⿼ֿ
Ϳȴˡ˦üܹʦ춢³ƾ٣ȥοĺʲô֪ܲ
ƾƶȽȫϸǰ𾪳ҰĿƾװ˺ǰѹǷмдסԼڻҪڿϢϴޣŮװֵĸʼΪ㡣
뵽⣬ҲʱĬˡ
ͿЦ˵ʱͬʾͲڳϳЦ㣬۾֮Ҫڲпڿ㱻նˡ
ͷۿѾȴȻӲĸܶ͹ɡȫ֪竡
ֹͿЦһѧӵܵˣ¥ķˣⲻǺúڹӼѧ𣡻ҴĸܶүڴôҾ㣡
𨱾ںྐྵأͫ׵ֹڰɣ
Ͳûϸѣﲻɣ
Ӽȡѧмұѧá׵еѧй츳ڵľˣֻ˼Ȩӵܡ
毱ǺߡһȺնĳѧԵУĺѰ
ͿɨŮһۣ˵Ҷ£㿴϶ҲҶ㣬Ǹ֦װģСһô㡣
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ӵ϶Ҳ֨ĬвŮһֻװû
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ТӼˣͳһѹӵݸԷڵӼʦҲʹ⣬Ҷ˵ķǣ
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룬侲毣ԥСԺ⣬˵Ŵ游
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֮ǰԼǿӵ᲻᲻̫ãڿԭǼҴѧ
ŮĿⶢţһ˵㲻֪үү佫սķݵĴ󽫾κһͷۣСͲС
ֻأŮ˳ǸŴˡ
֪ʱϺ߽⻰ҹӣСӣȻŵϣ
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һ־֮󣬳𨲻ðˣȴѵһ١
ζؿϷ󣬷ӲõȴҪд¹ӣ̵߽鷿
ķ鷿ڣ滨ϣǰİ˹ķ
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ƾٹô׵ģٶʮһպĶ˶ѵһأҲֻ츳ƽƽ
𨴩ԽǰǸѧѧϰ赸רҵˮƽأҲܿѧУûղμտһ۾ȻԽŴ
һִŴʲôСʲôûУܲȥ˱һִٰɣ
ҺóⱲӵļҾλ游ǵߵĴ󽫾ĸţĸ׸Ǵ󳤹֮ŮΪͿ
¼Ҽҷû檵ϰߣ˶ϡ١ϺʼûκֵܽãʮһŮ˺
λȨأȴֻжŮΧ˸Ӵŵ˶⡣ʱгţҪԼ̸͵ŽӼ̳к
ߣʱ͸¶ԼҲӵ׸̰ƤĺȫҪԾдϡ
СŮ»Щ˵ζʲô𨴩ԽǰѾǸЩ¶¥Ρõ˽֪
𨻹ûνԼĴ㷢ͨԽǴԼμտǰһС˵С
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¸տʼԽŴһλ΢Ȼƶũӣôֹڴأ
ǿŸֳʫͷ˲ţȻһλ˸Ӵŵͬע⡣
λӺգȨϺɽϧֻһŮҪ˹̡Ϊ˿޷̧ףֻΪֵܹ潫޵Ů
ǶɣôõĻᵱȻͷˣ
ɹ̽гΪӺӮҵ·ϸ߸ͽ˫ӭȢ˸ŹŮ滹õ˹ʶԸ¼ƽޣ˺һ·ոŮ󹬡
Ůڴ̵ú󣬱ĳУﱻһʴ
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֪δȻ˭ԼҪӣֺ뵱ʲˣ
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л˵
˹ɷΪ⡢⡢𽲡֡ɡйɡɡɡԼڰ˹ɵעͽο԰ٶȡ
Ķָϡ
1ܿ硣һ⣬ŮѪԵ
2ŮŮװϸںͣʵҪȶ⹫Ĵ


2 
˵˵ⱲӵˣҧҧʿŮװԴ˱˺ӡ
ǺΨһĵȻǧٰԭҲΪպֵܳҪ
ȻҶľǲѣջѡ֧뷽跨·
ҹƻҡҷȪɽׯɢĵϷˣ鷿˴ࡣ
Ҫμ̳ˣӳδ
ϺѾ֪毹Ӽ࿼˵顣ӹʹѵĿ˾ؿ˰죬÷һ̾Ϣ
游ʧһʱЩ游
Ŵж⽨ҲС˵͵ӾⱲԼȴȫͬ
ظȫİʹڹӼǳѧҲûִÿζǾǸ֦װģС
ĸͿŹŮݣ˵ϸϸֻҪᵽĸףΪﶼã˭Ҫ˵䲻ãܲ˿ȵ˶
ϺǷ˱佱ԼСʱ˵Ҫӣ˶ǣλ游İ֧
ҲŮ
ʮŵ˳ӡѾ֪ͣ۶ŮĹذͿٰ֡
ʹдòãڳ棬ҲǺŮ磬˵Ϲڿ˵һƪģǹӼӲ͡
ϺĬ̫ãһǿĸĿڵֿҸɣƪ䲻ϼѣȴҲпȡ֮
˵ƨͷϺ̾ӻֱ֣Ĵ˶ӵĻ
Ŷӱ˵Լڻơ

Ϻͷذ˶һۣתͷԳֺܺͰˡŮͷʵŴߴƿ뷨ǣ
ŻŽأλȨأǳ˳ͷʮ䡣
λʵۼλͿҵϵԶڳҲᱻ»ʵĵڣнյķ⡣
¶Ϊȴܲġ
Ҳų𨣬еѧʲһԣδûлᡣ
ԼŮԼȻڹӼļ׵Ȱ࿼ԱѧѾ㲻ˡ
Ϊ̽ɣԼŮûġڳлЩǳԸ⣬һЩҲǲ
û뵽ȴ쳣侲ԸѰǰ̡
Ůװ۾֮һ֪ͶһݷաʲôŻѡ֣ðűɱͷķգҲȥһ
ϧǡԼʣʹͨ˿ȥμӣҲǸݣ㻹û֮λߡ
αء
ϺԼ˼󣬳֪йֵġǶڼλΣ
ͿԼ³ϺٿͥĿģ˽Ҳ͸¶һǷ޻ԥϺѾ˾ϡ
ȻλϣɼȻϺڹǻۣͿЩޱȡ
߬̽׵˼ҪڼλУһλ
Ϳĸ״󳤹ֶӣͿǱùϵӼλ磬ϥλӣʵѾˣµĶȴս
Ȼ̫ӣ༸λֵӢ꣬׳־ʼѪôԴλû뷨
Ӽ˽µĹ᲻٣Щҡȴһֱûб̬ٳûڼλվӡ
ʱãЩ̫󣬿ǾԲˣվҲûЧֻҪѹԱ֮ɱһٻ
ԼԼλӵĹ۸У۵ȣʵɣϲʫŻڣ˼Ļĸƹʥǰܶ衭
򸾶Ŀѡвͬ
ͿӣƹǰӼ̳дλպĹϵܸһЩ
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ź룬˵ŵʥϣӡڳоְʥҲִ⡣
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Ϳ˼ĸײǰϢʥԴǼ̫з̫֮ġ
˵⣬Ϳ̾Թ̫ӻʲô³ʥҪ̫ӣǱȥ
̫ǾҲǸӣ֮ôߵһأһŮãôöԷȥ
̫ĿǰĴȻ˽⣬ǲһʼѡ
Ҫ֪±ڻѺѡеĻ޷̳дλ˵ٻպ»㣬ȫҶҪ״γᡣ
ʵ۵ϲֱӹϵžһμ̳ˡ
Ǻ̫ͬ緶ȴõѡ񡣡
ͿҲȰ˵ʥϲϲһ̫ʱ㱻ΪڶıʿҶǰȥԳͷС
ᶨҲ£
ϻϱӾѧⱲӸ徭ͷΣ˹д衣ƾûʲôϣˣҲǲˣһѴ֮
֪о顣̫Իл䣬ĿǰΣգȴܳɹǶⳡյӮҡ
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Χߣʮ˼ʹ͵Ҳزסǻ۵ĹâԺҪ游ѧϰȡռ̳ϵķ緶
һһСവ첻мͿ˼
ȻصкȻɷ˵ҷŵ̫˲ڶ࣬ȥͶԲȴ毶ı£δûлᡣ
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Ϻж׹¿ԷԴͣԼϷϲĸ㣬Ůѧר̸Ǵһݻؼҡ
СūͣΪӣܿɹͿţ𨽫Ͷ̫Ӻ󣬳ȻҲȡһλ
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ָͨ׹ŮҪףȫѧԭ߳ʫ·ˡ


3 
ڶ죬ƨƨȥ˹Ӽࡣ
Ӽѧѧ඼壬󣬲⽫볯ãΪҵ⵱Ҳ⣬ѡ
֣ˣ˵üĿ㣬ɾȥԼʮꡣ
ʱǳͬͬѧѡ
Уһáƨͨһյۣɼǵѧָ¡
𨱳̤ѧãߵһţʱԣʵһڳ飬ֱˣ
ʱȦˡ˵ңרȥ£ڳǶ֪㲻ѧˡ
ͬʱ̾һʲôʱǸͷ
ǳѧϧŹͬվӵ꣬ദ˵츸ĸֵҲΪ˴ֵƣǳı顣
ڹӼѧͳύѣʱıȻҲ೤ϥ׶ڼСԸ񵥴
֮⣬ʱһݡŵТͻʺ󣬵̫ĸ׹ùã̫ǱֵܵĹϵ
ʵȻ̫ӵһӵ̫ӵǻαʱԼ̫
ʱʶüˣ̾̾ѧʣҲƼˣƾûʲôϣˡ
ʱأ̧ͷģ군ˣǰʱոҵģ˵һҪ״Ԫأ
ĬĬĿ졣
˵꼶һ͵ڶĳɼ㻹Լܿ廪
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ʱԼҲҪʦѧ䣬ϧѧʮ꣬ھԼ߽ˣȴԼȻ֪
ף
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4 
лĬĬ豭¶ԷǱ裬סԼղŵʧ̬ȴԾ΢΢
ʱܵλӣе˼
Ҳҭסˡ
ȻūͲܸ̫Ϲ̵Ĳ裬ɳⷬˮĶ˸оܳϿңⷬΧΧ۵˶Լͬ룺Сӣľа
̫ߵıʿȨԳ˷ǣλίʹǿ޷УǸʮ˵֣±˿ԼֺôһСıţųꡣ
̫ߣǵһγֳִʺƨ紵ˮĴڡ
Ȼֻǵһμ𨣬ɴĪоλδͬƺʲôƲ簡
պദҺܿᷢǵԤгˡ
˵ĿߵĿУȻԵãվ̫߲
ԼղּۿĶǳ⡣Ȼǵһμ̫ӣһ㶼ߡ
СܣһǲҪ簭ݲģСҪæ˵ʲôʲô
̫游̫æղδϯ˿̸Ƭ̣뿪
̫ߺϯɢҲ׷ȥҲҪظ·䷴˼Լ;úδͷϰĵһԣֵ÷ǳɹ
ฮ󣬳һ·죬˻ȥֵ¥˺游¾ơȻƽʱ˱ʱ򵽣ŮרȻǷ
ͬһʱ䣬ϡ
Ϳϣһֻ˿ַԱߵվڲ࣬ͬɫءϺףϰһ̻ףʱʱһŶ̬еȻ۽żɨŵķ
Ϳԭͨ󳤹Ĺϵӽܸ̫ӡû뵽Ůб£Լͨฮ·ӡ̫游ԼĹϵֽ࣬Ϳ֮ǰĴ㣬ȫƾŮ⡣
ȳС˽ʱ㷢ڵ
һ𨣬򸾱㼱ѯʽ̫ӵĻϺҲ˻ס
ȻѺ̫ӣǽϵ̫ϡ̫ӳµĵһӡǳҪˡ
ȳ½˵Ϳüǵð̫µıʿ᲻ż㣿
ɫأȻд˵ġҲˣȻҲ˵ȦȦơ̫ǰֲɾԺŶеԱż
˿ˮȵΪʲôżң
һ˫ۣ̯֣Դǣҵģֲɢҵģ
ˣ
˵ȴ滰ֻҪֺ̫ӣֲǸڶŶеһֱĿ꣬ӦǺг̫ӵϴλ
ҪҲǵ̫ӵǻٿʼ
۲һȦ̫ߵ˻ڳоְͨƾٵĳӣԼѧһͲһ
ǽ켷Լһ𨲢
ΪȺʵѧܹ̫ӷǽѣڳų켺ҪߵҹǺ·ߣԺҪ߹ٺ»ʷ츣ġ
û취ƾ٣ֻӽ·ߡְҵ滮ֺ̫ӣǰþ̳оλӳ購ųԺ֣˽һ²²ĳ˵Ĵ󳼣ڳʵ۳ܡ
߳ʵѧҳලظеɳиʥַǵĳ購
˵ӱһҪҵҵ£̰ʥͣҪԺ֣û˽ɣλȨصӡ
ϲΧԣ޽ԳɳȰ˾̫˷ѣũ֡
˾䣺ΪӣϲĶҪõΪΪβɣѵһȲ㣿
ȻشĺֱףȷʵʵʵҲ˽Ҳϲŭ֣ҲҪ֡ÿһʵ۹ϵΪ׽ŶԷĳ購
Щ߻ʵ۲Լ򷴶ԣҪ׽ĳڳϿЩĳӻʵ۲ֱӷ𣬱Ҫ׽ĳӰæҲ硣
ǴǸ購
̫ӵе˲ɵȻǶԼʱǱῴǺԼʵûκγͻԼļ룬֧֣̫ӵǻɹĸֻϼ֡
뵽⣬Цһ¡
̽صΪ̫ӵ裬˲̫ȴûɳӳͷԼ˵ʲô
˵̫Ӳ˾٣ҲûرƫıʿԼлᡣ˵̫Ǹˣ˸ְѹȣԱżԱԳ˵ǸϢ
ıδӽԼĪ
ͬʱȫдԼֻϺ֮⡣Ŀӥ룬ȻЦȵã
˵ǶС㡣
ĲɳڣӸλȴ鹢ֱۡȫֻԼ
־ᶨ죬͸ʱձسɴ£
Ů֮ң
̫ӽͷɹ̫Ŀ󣬳˱仯
ǰڹӼѧʱȥй棬ǻؼèԼ⡣ѾĿˣȻͲǰôɢӹӼ¿κ󣬳ȥ̫Ӹˡ
̫ӵǴ󲿷ֶڳоְƽҲҪæ£ÿ춼пȥ̫Ӹ
Ѿδӳ購ھҪŬˢ˾ĺøжˡ
ԼĿ꣬겻ÿһȥ̫Ӹֺ˾Լżٵ棬ĩ
ÿ̶ϢʱأΪ½ְ󣬳ԼĹǳ⡣
Ƶִ̫Ӹŷͨͣ½Ųϵ壬Ų߽ȥ
ճٹڣͷϲһǺɫ£ýŸ𪣬ɫ·еıͼӴݰףЦʱϲ׽
ӽô磿
С˽ȥʱ̫ں۽ջĸһ£ջɡ
һ̵ȥһȺл굽̫ԵλãȻɮ붨վˡ
̲סۣǳСӺ󣬶ʱˡʾСӣ°
Ȼû˵̫ӵҲйصġ
Ҽ̫ӵѭ򽥽̫ӵ壬ɻһż̫ߵľˡֺõͼ̫ԣԵԼʧȥ˷ǣܻ̫Ӳϲ
Щ̫ӵеҲôعصġȻĳ˳СӣӰ
ƨһ̫λá
̫ҶҪˣҲָų˵ƨô׵Ļ
񰵴ضų𨣬ϣԷԾ㣬˻ӦվŵλãҲȺĩβ
ûϹȻȺ˵ߣҲ״ҵ˼վŲԹԵش̫ĵطװʲôû
ȺҪֲҪ
ԼҪʵʵŰͷ˵̫ӵǻ˶ǲ˵ʲôӽˡ
Գ϶ҪЩԼ̫ţȺ˼ʲôã̫ӺͶ
Ϊְн̫µһСܣˣ
֪վ̫߲쿴ؿУͲˡ
˼β˸ݣƤ񰡣
ԹҪ棬Ⱥܹ̫ߣҪô߹ҪôʵѧԳݺͲѧȻָų˵СӲҪͽ˾ֻˡ
ĲҲû̫ǵסǰͶԼСӣһڷ߷߲ƽ£ȷʵʵʵע⵽̬̹ĳ𨡣
лΪ̫ӣµĹĶǺü۹˾۵סʵ鵭ĮкϲȡС
ɳģɰֺõˮɣʵڲ񡣷˾鴿棬α
л乴˹յȻ裬ⳡӼ


5 
̫ӵеȳסɼ̫ߣЦһȵӽվλѲҪ̫Բ£
ฮ̫죬ѾɵڶҳĲˣ̲ס۶Է
ɱϸüɫ𪣬òãȴǳĿ̱Ϭɫǰİۣڹְλ
ƾ٣²ѧ״ԪòǴе̽ѡȻǰʱгǵʥϲϲѹֻ˸ۡ
ɾְ꣬ϬԸ˿ûб
಻ɳӣֲ߳ѧ竣ʱʱҪԳһϴฮҲȸʹӡ
һ۳𨣬ฮϣԴǳϿң˴ˣ
𨰵סͬ£ȴŲæ˴ǵ̫Ӹϣλ£õϵźܡ
һ˵ţһҡͷصο˵ֻ̽¶ˣǿԣҶҪ̫ԶʲôСˣûʲôϵ̫֮
ȻˣԶǲԶģֻ򹤣û̫Զ̫࣬õ䣬ֲҪǮ
𨿶Ͽңֱһ˫ȻᶨȻ˵ʲô˿̶˵ڡܲ˵˵òԣ̫Ӳ֮ɣ
ĬĬҧе˺Ҫ
лȼ֮յľ飬γ˵ʱеĲ裬˵ҪЦ
ʵϿȻģҲȷʵЦϧΧɫʵѿΪһ˾ֻѹסǣװⳡ֪ˡ
ڳ𨲻Ҫ˶û취ɶסˡ
Ǻ̫ӵڶμ棬𨿿ԼֲиľȡĴϻۣܷϽŬɹԼȡ̫λã
֪쵼ߵվλ쵼еλı֡ԼΪ̫ĸԶ
Ҫǣ̫Ⱥˣհǰ˺ƤûһܴĶûУ
ְģδڰ
лβɨ𨣬Է󣬲ɫü
£˱׷׸ˣ̫ȴס𨣺ɫòͰա
ռ壬ݵλ̫ͣӶԼ˶ܿأȻҪϸ˽Է൱ڴ쵼˽¿ԡһμʱʺϽ̸ŻƳٵ˽졣
Ҳ뵽£Ӧ̫ӲȻԸ⡣
˽ǰ½ڷźüʣͨȴÿһͷ㣬ԼǴӽϿӱ޽ɽԹִ
ΪӣԴסϸޱȣ̫ȴԶԶʮѼ
ӳʳ޲ڼûأһȴҲûκαݣ쳣صý
˶ÿ̫ӽӹ˵Ƚһָ⣬һĵʵųڹӼѧ
ʵлǰڷźóĵ飬Ϳһˣ̻Ҫߵġ
ദڣ̫Ȼü͵湫̬ȴ˲С顣
ҲǳȨĺӣ˵竵ĹӸ磬˿̫ǰȴؼˣ
ϻĶͷϰأ
нˮְλŶеĵλһԲΪϲó֣
ǽ¶ЦݣѽӼꡣ
лüкЦ
ǰۿƵؽòᣬû뵽ԷôС΢һ档
ӴȴϸӲɵ
̫ĵţֽȽݻظԱźū͡
ȫ֪ԼѾ챻δ˾͸ˣ˿һССĽš
̫Ӻ£ɶԷվԼǰʱƾ곤һʦӣȫѹġ
Ҳֳ𨣬Ͼ̫ΪһĽ󳼣Ը竹Ӽֱ׾١
ѾλӵӺ̫ӽ̸ࡣϳڹӼѧݣѡ˸Ļ⣺ƽϲʲô飿
𨣺
ͷ˾ǰҲҹı¶ԼѧıԣڻûΪ̫ĸ֮ǰ㱻ԷĻȻ޳Ŷӡ
Ŭһ
ϲ飬ضǶΡΪװѣһ̫ӶʱУ군ˣ
ʵʵѡ˱Լ顣
𰸺̫΢΢üĿӳɨǴǧύĶЩıĳس˼ǰȫ
˲䣬л׳˼ۣ΢΢ҡͷЦ
ӣǸ
մฮ̫ȰŴӣ˳ЩĻԻ¼Ϳ޵īûʲôǰ;ĵӵܡ
л𵱳ڳ⣬Ϊ˶ӿӣмֲҳģ
̫Ӷ˵ĻδȫţȴҲмͬ
ԺУӦһ軵竣治֪ߵغЩ
û뵽ฮۼ˳𨣬ŷֶԷԶ
峺Ը治ܻ飬ЩС˼
ӴһλãܿݣΪ̫ˣֻҪֱܿɹ
ڳ˵̫յ̬ʡߵĵλȻ߾֮ܵס󳼵ĿҲı¡
̫ԼĿļ󣬱׼յ̸
ֱʱüߵ꣬ŷλƺֵᡣվԼ߷ż磬ƫݣ𪣬ǼСɣ۾ǺܴĿ峺仹ҪСࡣ
˸ýлŷ޵Ĺ𻨰㣬Դǰĳ𨡣
ζУҲɴ˲Ѭ㣬ŽӽԼ֪ν
лüЩ룬ʵӿ
𨻹̫ӻ᲻鱳ԼأãȻûа
̫Ȼüţˣ̧ԼֱۣûУһˣôŮһأ
лòۣȴѧ˵Լˣи˿ʱЦ
תһ룬²ԣ˽´Ӳҳϡʹ˲ᣬ½ҹˡ
лᣬԸѣ̲ס˵˾䣺ڹӼѧƽпʱǶЩɡ
Ķ˼Ǻ˵Ȿ飬ŵȷϲ顣
뵽Գ𨲻ѧǰǱôֲٹյǷӦ󣬱ԳĶ̴鷳ˡ
л˿鲻λӹ۸лãΪ˱Էʱ̫ѿĵһ
ЩƻЩ¶̫ΪʲôȻԼѧҵ쵼˵Լ϶Ҫ
ܿתתۣӦ̫үģһؼҺһͷ׶̹ɣŬѧϰ̫ӵڴ
лЦˣͷ޵ãϽ֮ġбˮۡȥĶʱдһƪйˮ½ңҹʱ롣
ϵЦʧˣⲻд𣿣
ǣһ˵ôʱҵأ
ųϵЦʧãȻٵ𾪣л䱾ֻǶ˿ȴ̲סҪЦˡ
λӿǸԼʶԷգĴȴ»Ҫࡣ
л俴ĳ𨣬ЦҪŬӡ
л˵
˵ܲţŬһ㣬Ҫ^^
гӢ˻ᱻѡ̽˲ò˫ȫһʵϲŻ̽о仰С״Ԫ̽
״Ԫ̽Ƴרŵ̽硣ɲѧܵ״ԪӦ̽󱻵˰ۣ˵ʵ۲ϲ


6 
Ǳ̫ߵ̫ͳڳӶԣĪˡ׻˵ǰƷ٣οߵḶֻ̌˲ܴԷ磬ڹؼʱ˵һ仰̶ܴȻӰжϡ
ȵ̫ӵǻΪӺ̵߽ݻߣܻʷʿκʢһˡ
Գ𨲢λ̫ߵ̣һ·˵˵ЦЦ¶м
Ȼճ̫ӸϵЦ˲ʧ
ɱģΪͲѧϰˣڿɺã쵼ƺԼĻ̶Ⱥܲ⡣
һʱҲû취ܲΪӭ˾ȥ˰ɡ
̫ӽյĻԷպƺῼԼĵãⱾͱ濴ˡ
صУֱͷ鷿Ǳˮۡó˷ãһͷˡ
ϵÿʶȫʶˣˮ޵ǹӦ£ϱӾǸĿⱲҲôд£˵ʵûƵ츳
ſϣͷ
Ҳǲʲôʷĳɼܿ粻֪ĸ˷ˣֽˣӡˢҲˣڳʲôûϷ
𨿴е飬쳤̾
֪ԼᴩԽͶ౳㹫ʽ䷽ˡˮĳɷʲôţԽС˵ͻҩһһ׼ɳĿ
ǴԽֲǻ˸ӣ
ڳ𨻳ʱ鷿͵رƿһݲһùе飬ͷʮصûУҶ˵͵͵
ףˮۡû뵽ҳĬˣȻûп
𨲻ϲ飬鷿о͵͵ץϰˣû뵽Ůοˣ
̾˵㶯Сĵ㣬̫ӽҵ飬˵дƪˮص¡
ı㣬ź룺ǻ¡
®̫̣½ɻɸ̫ӵҲı߶ˮۡڴؼ̫ӵеĵλҲ߲١
𨲻֪Ϸ飬ǳʵҶ
Ϳøɷһ˿ҡҷǰùɨۣ赭дкѣ
̧ͷĿݣˮ
ͿǰǳĲŮһֱΪֻʫʸ踳û뵽Ȼͨʵɡ
ŮݵĿУͿĲᡣ
ˣ
ͿеڷУϸᰡ㣡
鷢£
дµĳæҳлҪæ
֪ѧҵһĥʱսŹҳѪѹֵʮ꣬ʹˣꡣ
Ϳüһᣬǳϵȥ鷿̺ҵ
ʱ鷿С
𨿴ǰһ鷢˼ĸڳ⡣
ֻÿ̫Ӳõһ飬ʱ漰ˮ֪ʶ;飬òʱΣҳˮйص飬һˡ
𨣺
ѹʱվԱߣҲ̾ϢһҶͱϹڣϽ鱳꣬үˣ
˵⻰ȫǷģûⱲԼŮôѽ̵ѧдƪˮصĹģȻһʱ
򲻵ã˵ػͿȸؿڣϿװε
ۣôӵҲֻСֹͿǰ˵
ԸһٸˣҲԸŮ顣ϧ̲У̼˷ǵһһ

רע飬ʱʱ̾ȻͷʵǲǺͶ̫ˣ
β鶼ˣϰΪȴƵƵ̾żԹԵ˽¶ֹԷǲǸˡ
ôķ飬ֻ뵽̫йء
˫ִվԱ߼ලдҵסе飬ڨڨ˵Щڡ
ǺڳͶ̫ӣǺڵͬóŮװӡ
ŮǺŮÿʲôֻǵȲ֣ȴæǰ̱ԹȨȷѪ꣬𨱾ЩΣա
𨿴ɫ굣ǵʲôû˵
ʵ֪ڵʲôҲ֪ԷһֱܽŮװӵ飬Լ
ĸĴˣӺӳǵǣǶԷˣǶԷѧҵǰ̣ĵıΪԼ
Ǹ˼⽨ŰʿŮӼӲǳ·Ϊȫ˵ľŮ޷ʵǳ͵ǡ
룬ֻ˵ʵھͦĵġ
һֱ֪ҪʲôҪŬȥȡӲԼľ
Ů峺۾һʱЩɬӱܰɿĿ⣬˵˾䣺úãá˵˸ڴҴˡ
߳鷿Բ̽ͷСӸϽддǵ鷳
õĵҿ϶úѧϰĵ֤
ߺ󣬳𨿴鷿ţӡ
Сʱڼųϲ˱ԷһͻٿޣŪȫ޴룬ǳҹߡ
֪ճãտЦò˹ĶŪŮź¼ҺˣҪǸжá
ˣ仰ûκ˺ҲδǸΪ֪ܡ
ƫƫԴ䣬Դ¼ǵ
ΪĹԹСĬĬֱ۰κ˲Ÿı䡣
Ǻܸӵ
׽ܷ⽨ˣҲЩŮ갮Ϳؼҷδ檣Ůǰٰ۰
ˣԼʵûҪĳѪס


7 
ҹһˮ飬ڶ𨶥һԺȦ˯ʵ̤Ӽࡣ
ʱȻչͷصǰǱͶ¼㻹ҵǱֳûˣĽҿ
ѾˣͷӦ
õİĻʱֺȻ뵽һ£ʵˣ˵ڻ¥˳ϷúҪҪȥ
ǿǷѧϷɼʱλฮСӵճжп֡
֮ǰͶԷҲࡣѾ̫ӵΧúøϽؼҼЩˮ鼮Ȼдһƪ½̫ӡ
׻˵ûжԱȣû˺ûʲôʱԱȣȻԼôͺܿء
ͬѧƾʲôԼҪ̫ӿ黹ҪдУʱȻܼǵˣ
ĵ׺ܲˬС֮ģԼùҲܺù뷨ԺҲŶԷһȥ̫Ӹϱ
΢΢ĿʱʲôϷʱ䣬ôؼҶ࿴дƪ£
ʱۣ飿
ɿų𨣬׼ԷԴ㲻ӻ˰ɣ
ʱͳĹϵпúĸָһ𿴻һ𱻷վһ¥˶ǳԷԸ񣬴¡
ڳȻԼúѧϰʱʼɣԷǲ̫ﱻ˴̼ˡ
һĿ֣ǰ®̫̣󣬹ˮһô
ʱһʱӦûң۾
þе飬ºѵļ򣺡۾۾㶺أ
ʱţһһ־ҪٸƶľǲӦĻ̣ʧر٣Ϊ񣡡
СӱĲˣɪż򣬲Ҷ졣
ɸ֣ôص飬˵ز£֮ûһɻȼգѵûһθ𣿣
һָͨ𣬲ʮ꣬ѪεС˫ִ䣬鴹ͷ˵
ΣǸ˵öԣӦԴҴˣ壡
֪ͺá̲סĵ׸̾Ҳ̫úˡ
ʱĵֳȥǶԵģȱɵʱҪң͵ƭÿӶûһ
ʱļȥص˵أھͺúȥѧϰΰգҼˮĲ飬һѧ
ʱĻԸǷǳжã
ͷ˵Ȼˣǿ츸ĸֵܰҲã˭ãҪҵĶ飬ԺлͼӱرҡҲԺˣղ˵¥ԤֻѼҳ˵ˡ
ʱţµôֻ࣬ҪһֻѼӣ
֣ˣ˭˭ֵҿ˭Ҳܿ㰡
ʱжԺһŬĶ顣
ļ󷽣ĸһ죬պһڷԣһˢ

ǵĿѼһƹöطѼһҹˢĽϣʵľҶ濾Ѽӷʶ壬ζһ
ȳ꿾ѼͺúƵСӸ
ֻ΢룬㽫ע̫ӽġˮۡϣ˼̫ʵˮ⣬ԼҪλش
æµڽˮ鼮˸飬ҲԼĿ
ȵ´̫ӸУԾһ·ʱ˲ص𨣬ҲȻ˵ԼĿˮ˽ͨӰ侳ƺӣٵ뻴ӡ
ӿ˵ǼĹǸ˺ӣڻƺƾ仯ÿѴڱ㲻ò֯ͶӣڡʹˣҲΪɳ⣬ºˮĵ⡣
ЩͶͶ٣ˮ̵İҲʱзȴһֱ۲ݡ
ƺӷģˮ񣬿ӵԥ亦ͬʱҲôǳһֱСζΡκˮձܾӸߴΪԷ֣ʡȥ޹̵̰ӵķá
ȻЩˮأǰ򵥵խӴӹ̵̷Ȼǲˡ
˵Ŀ£𨵭˵ˮԴͷڻƺӣҪˮƺӡ
˵رãһλڹӼѧʮԣȷˮԴѾ㹻ˡ
ӣ˿ĿⶼССı仯ԭΪֻǸ竣û뵽Ҳûô
һֱԳ𨲻ɣҲüеȡ
̫ʮֵյ˳𨽻ˮ䲻룬ҲԼļ⣬ֵ͡
תɣϲŭΪΣ
θˮҪԱȻƢЩЩҲԼʵѧ
ǰֵΪӦָ꣬ɼƺȡˮˮڣÿʮһˮţˮբˮˮڿˮͨˮբˮܽˮܷˮ
˵˵й̫֡üվá
ʵˮբöã
̬̹Ȼȱһɣ߳ԣһԡ
ˮբ»ֺӵҪͶķѵҲٲˡӶ̫ӲлӶ̫ӻ̫ӵˮһ±ض裬ҪʮͶõжҵ
뵽ˮİ취ֻǿʼڳпȡûʵ۵֧һˡ
ˮһ£ǧš̫ǳЦɷһԣǡ
̫ӺɶԻʱվһעһĻδǰ
ȴɨ֪Щʲô
ȻҪˮǮǺҪĻˡ̫ȥټ飬Ҳʱĸа
ˮҪǮ£˵Ӧڳʵ۸֪ȻɻʵѯƹܲĻõķú͹پǷҪ׼
ƹܻĻҵˣǲ۲۵̫ӵΪ˱ϷڡλӴ谭̫µڲֳҪǮ֪а֮⳯ӦϺ㡣
еƣףɵ̫Ӽа󣬱ʲôˡ
Լǻѱ̫ӰѿأŻ᲻ˣֱټаִ¡
̫ƿ֮£̫ӵȨ֪
ѹּʹʵ۲λֵܻ̫ӵȴȻ̨ɹϴλ
ֻǸӼѧϵò˶©Ϊ˱Ϣй¶鷿ֻ̫Ӻλʹйصɺа̸
Ծӣһվ鷿ⷢ˼ʲôʱ°ؼҡ
а̫ӸҴȥλڴǰɢȥҲаߺһ뿪
վûԼҪҪҲſ룬̫ˣ쵼֪վ˶ã
֪ӰҪ쵼𨵱̫Ӵ鷿ԼͶԷٻؼҡ
ǳôĵصţֱл߳鷿Ȼ̫Ӹʱüӻδң
ȵģѾͷҶ˼飬ͷ̫ⷬ
ˣعͷϿҵǰС˵ĵ»Ҫңȵ鴦ȥ
û£Ҫ°ؼҳ緹ˣ
̫ӸϵȺãл仹ΪҪԼȻԷƺȲҪ֮󼪡
һ룬˳С˼ɺЦ
ղԼ鷿ں̸ʱ͸Ӱӣܿ鷿ʱվţʱĶ£ʱִ̧ͷ֦µҶӣһ·æջվá
л˵
ζΡκˮձܾӸߴȿʡȥ޷áȷʵʷϲֹԱԻƺˮĿ
ĶԻͿвοˮϡ
ɼʮһˮţעķʽƺΪǸԴΪǱ󡱣ҲĿ
ƽʮ꣬ʮƺӳ̲˷ǳţƣʷϺˮרңһ䡰κӡǧǽ
һڷԣһˢϱ


8 
ȻֻӰӣ̫ȴ׵ƶϳλ̽ͷ̽Եǳ𨡣
£ȴǵһˡ
ȴ֪ˣϻ۴󵨸ϳı˵ϳɣȴʻоֹ䲻ʧԡ
л˼ʱǰĳȴ۰Ͱ͵صȴشֻ˵ûºؼҸɷ
̧ͷĿͷԼ۾һգգ毺ãγ
лȻ˶Ū˼ǻҪ
û˵꣬ڴ°ĳ˲ס
ģһ˻°̫࣬ӾȻ飿ҲҪżӰࣿ
գգۣĵ׺Լղһ·
ںˣҪʱӰ࣡
ʲôû˵лȴƼе𾪺ͺڡ죬һ˿ʧ䡣
ʧʲô׼ʱؼҳԷ
뵽²⣬л̲סҪЦˡ
̧ͷɫҲٶŪʱʱ꣬ԳĿڵڹ¥ϯ£һͬǰȥ
ͷɥĳ̾ˣɿӦΪ·ǣ岻ݴǣ
Է˵
Ȼ֪ӰҪ˾̫ӴŲԲˣְнԶ
ְģδڰ
лȡˣҲԾ˹¶Ц⡣
лüǳЦⲻ֪Լ⸱̬бǱɫҪҫ۵Ĵڡ
̫ӵ³࿡˫˿ϵסһ湫ӵģ
ʲֲ̫ٹмΪ˹ġ
𨰵Ը̾Լѡ̫ӵľ̫ӢˡҪ֪иúÿ˾ƽչദжҲĿ°ؼҷܶһ롣
毿þˣĿ͡лһڿʲô
Цشչ̽ͷԣƨºÿ
лһ㶣˿޹òʣֱ̹Ȼȴͷһˡ
۳̽ͷ̽ԵӣҡͷʧЦ
ӽյƣ鷿֮λۻĸ֮Ҳ˳лȴʵڳƲϺá
ڱһͨԷȾɢҲࡣ

¥ش֣㣬¥λöأ׹̫͡ӺСߵ֮ڣòʱ̫ӵһֱŴ⡣
ʼΪԤ̿ɱ֣żȻŷ֣ԭƺ¥ǻӴܲtˡ
һݣװʲôû֣µͷĳԷˡ
żȻ游Ҿ¥ҲǳĳλӵļҾ졣ڿλ˿Ҳ̫ӵеһԱ
ֹһŷÿ˽ɨ۳𨣬Ŀ
𨵱Ȼ¿ӣԥԼǷҪ񲻾ǰ뿪ӣλȴջۣȻǰ̫ӱջĸһ¡
ӣԳԺȺȣ̬̹Ȼ֮û뿪º󣬱һòͣ;ż̫ģ֮á
ʱһֱŴȻ̫ӵ˼䡣
лյзֲˣ
òԶȴû˵ʲô
ֹһʱ䣬ľ¥ȻŲ
ӵ𣺡Żڲ¥ʵǰݼۡ
ʥ϶̫ӲֵλҲõʾ⣬˶ĦȭƵŶ̫ӣǸλߡ
λӵ쵽Ȼ׶ΣѾ˽µĶʹҲά᧿Σ档
̫ǰټа̸ɣӱõϢҴҸ˵ڲͨϢͬ
л΢΢̧ۣһԵ첽⣺²͡
Ӳ˷ŶܸӦǰݷˡ˵ţߵҲ˶ҪǿдС
̫Ӻͻɱ˽̸˼УԼʲôţ׽֤ݡ
̫ӵûõȻǽУ󵨣·ϣ
̫ϵĴɼλӶȴƴǰأλ̬ۡ
䣬ڴϵ̫ĬĬԼ˱裬鵭Ȼȴ⣬
֮ʱһڲˣط¾Ʊ˳ǿ֪˭
𨲻֪̫Ӻͻɵļƻֻ֪ӺǴ̫Ӻ̸İᣬǱڵϲȡ
̫Ӳ棬ͱ˿۸ûм֪֮ȴĻˡ
ߵǺˣ
˿ˣЦʣӣʲô
Ŀɨɤ᣺ԭӡ
ʵʻ֮ǰӱϳ˳𨡣
վ̫ӲһС£ϺӶҪҳǸ̫ӿ
ɨ۳𨣬ͳýѧ֪Ѷˣͦշ
ӵʾ⣬ߵȵ󵨣ӻ£
ü⣺ԭӣⷬɣһΪʥϼݵ
˻һ⣬˶ɫǰż̫ӣ裬ɫ˿δ䡣
ɫ䣬Գ𨱩ȵ
Աŭӣ鲻䣬ֵȲӣʥϣ±Ǵ֪̫ӰЪȻ·ǿҴס֪ղ
ˡ
д󵨣ָı֮ģžһƬ˶սս
Ӷеѹ߸ݵǶͷ˺顣
ı֮塣
ǸҸ̫λĻӣӲδŵû
෴ܿ侲ų𨣬ȻЦ˳·𲻾ǰǳЦ㣬̾Сֻǵðֳ֣Σˡ
Ŀ⿴ʼհڣ͸ֽԼԼƼǵȻӰ
ӿǵӰĸһ»δˮŰաʱֻ̻˼й¥ź⻳ɡ
̫ɫʱʮѿԣȴֹ˼ӻӵݡֻǸȴӷ˵ⱻ۸·ϵʱԼᱻҽڴã̫˵Ҳܵǣ۸²ϡ
̫֮̾ʣȴԥҴӣװģ
ӵʱȶ߻Ҫ񶾡
ˣսսսľˡȻᶨһ㶼¡
ֵܣҪλ̫ĸȻҪλˡ
ЦһȻйȻͬ죬ӡ̡
֮Ҽסˡ
˵̫꣬ӵˣȥӵһλǰԳЦȭնеҹɫպڳߣҪעȫ
ǻӶԸ̫ӣѵʰ˶Էһӣʯ֪վ̫Ǳ߻ʲô³
в̫߷ߣҪ˵Щʲôû뵽һ
ţģ˵ӿֶܻμӲпģ˽¶ҽб
ûԶӣ
в
̫µˣ
㲻Ǹ鳰ɣ
龪֣˫죬ŵػͷѯߵˣѵʲôӵĵط𣿡
ˣûУԼﲻ𣡣


9 
ʱյŷȻ򿪣л˳ȻûС
Ŀ⵭Ȼȣӣ޷С£ʵܱضǵĻû֮ߡ
˻һ˽Աɫӡ鸡䣬ȴһã
̫ӣӶһĻͷΡû֮ģ̶ֱ֣ɱģ
û֮ôʵۣ֮
Ȼתףҧˣ죬Ӳطϡ
ղڵҲ죬ͷ֪ԭ£
ͺλӵĽ棬˿ظǾͺǾͺáϾҿҵʮŵӣ¼Ψһӣ
ˣòҪ
Դ̹˵ǳ¼Ψһֻ˶ľˡ
̫ƴڻ⣬ԺЩ
˿ĵıģԹԵ˵ҪΪӶʲô⣬ڴϱֻʧĳУҵ游ĸضļ߽ӣ˵ֱӡ
˰̾Ϣһ游ĸһͣҪ游͵ӣŻһ͵ͬھɡ
˵⣬ҲЦôʴֱˡѺ˼Ҳ뵽λ
¼ΨһĶ磬ʮĶӣͿΨһĺӣ
Ŵ˶ǹ壬г¼Ҫǳʲô⣬Ҫƴ
ˣڴҶңΪϺŸĴս¡һλ佫˭Ҳ˵ж١
뵽⣬ķߺ޵Ҳ侲
ˣǸӲͷȷʵѿСҪ֣ɲɹҪһʺ
ο̫ӸղŵƺҪСӡȻлµӣ༸λֵȴӲСλƺֳ
ʶ̫ж಻ȴûܷϵԷɼֶ̫α֮ǸƲ硣
ʹֶڮ̫ӣԼ̰ռҲ۱ϱãгţʱѿͻ̿Ŀ
뵽ܹĽѵٿ̫ӵĵη塣
ɿشۣл买ָ˺󣬱ԥشҴ뿪
ӷ߷ˡ𨿴һ˵ıӰһ
̫Ŵһһظ̾ӣ㻹̫ᣡ
𨲢ȥ̾ӣδ뵽Ȼ̶ֳܽȡ
˼թأյպſҪСЩ
Ϳ⸱ŵӲˬˣΪܣȴ̫Ӳڳ̫ӵ˵鷳ֻǰͺ͵λӶԸգһγ˴ȴ顣
ҳһڶ۸˲öˡ
ƤҲЩõ
𨵱֣λͬʸ˵ѽѽкѡǶһΪ̫ӵ£ûϵԵ²𾴣ͬ⣡ һ뵽̫ӵ¿ܻΪӶǾͱɱһܣ
һ˵һؿڣ鸡䣬ʹļףȫ
ˣȻǸϤƨ
һԵл䴹ۣۼϷĳ𨣬˹Ȼڡ
𨻹Ϸأ̧ɨۣžȷ̫ӾȻѾˡǶԷûԼղŵıݣ
ױˣ
𨵱°ڣ첽ȥ̫£µȵң
ڣ̫ӷ²յػͷСĴһԵĳСɣճСЩ
л̫㡣СҪӲд󣬵ҪԼ
Ľ·ǷܴӦлԶԷ۸иЩ
ԭΪֻЩ˼Ļ꣬ȻնԷһΪǡôгȥȵӵûмֻ֮Σ¸Ҷţ̫ӹĿ࿴
ϸжȡԱǼλҰĲĻʵܣΪԼǵĳԵú̫ࡣ
̫ӰѿãȴƵƵ£ԼѱͶӣ̫Ӳòлĸ
Լа̸ɣƵƵΪ˲˭˱šֻ̫û뵽֪ټɺ󣬻ֱҪڡ
ºл룬µӴԼ롰ۡԼͻͬһңӶΪ淢֤ݡ
ûĲŸɺͻǣضĺøʾ˶Էʲô뽫ϴơ
뵽⣬лѾ˶ԲߡعͷĿڣֻھôһۺ󣬾ȻеӳԷˡ
л䣺
յϣйʳҪʲôʹ͡Ǯơ»ߵ󲻶Щ
˽ˣҲ⡣
еĶܲҪеλòܲһԨ
뵽⣬̫תͷ⸡ƣ
һͷ
ۼ׷̫뿪λӱ˴˵ﶼãǰϷˡ
̯ôͬʣҲ֪»ǲҡ
һº󣬳һսΪ̫ĺˣ̫ܵӿأ̫ӵеĵλҲߡ
ǰʱճ̫ǰQˢڸУ̫ƫȴ޷̫ӵͬչԼľĺΪ̫ӳǣִ棬Ҳڳ׽λͬ¡
ǳ𨷢֣ԼͬǶ̬ƺ˺ܶࡣ
ǰ̫ӵǿʱȺ˶ģ˴˽̸Թ˽¾ۻҲ棬ǹҪֹͨķʽ֪Ѷˡ
ڣÿÿЩˣҶкżᴫŽȥȾͻȡϴ̫ӸɣԷȻҲûкüۣǵͷ΢Цȥ
̬ȸıԭ֪ҲǷǳġ
˵ˣԼңֲɢҵġҶһĿеͬ£鶼ھӪ̫鵰⡣
ȻЩ뿪ˣҲΪǣ˾鷳
̫űʵԣλӱQҲ磬æµˡµСٸڧΪ쵼ȻŶеĴͷ鷳ͷۣʾϲ
ΪһСܣŲ¡
Ծ˻ΪΪǰʱ䱻ܾɢѺѶϢ̫ӽʱȴ׽ܼǡ
̬̹ȻƵƺ֮ǰ˵ĹڲڣغԭǴҵеһӡ
ڳû鷳̬ȣ˶ЩȡǾʱദҶ֪ӣĺڡ
ǲɫ̫ǰһ֣𨶼ǸƲ磬ٲǴǸϲֵӵܣֻ֪ƨļ鳼
׷ƪҹȥ飬֤ؽ


10 
׷ƪҹȥ飬֤ؽһʱҶ۸иˡ
̫ӵе˴඼ؾɵĹԱΪ̫ӲⲿֹԱڳͣкӺͳ¡һºǱؼԼҶӳСۣͱ˴˼Ĺϵ
պ󣬳յһŴʫμӵ˻Ȩӵܡ
˼壬ʫǴҾһʫԣɻͶЩ˼Ȥ
׻˵˵ĵطнȨӵҲΪȦӡճнύĹٳĿ佫оλԾȻһȣܷϽǱµµ֮ˡ
ֳ竣㼫ٳʫָųһû˴棬ʫûʲôȤҪûĻдҲСſǰдС¡
⣬λͬʾãΪ˽ºܲȥ
𨲻Լȥ˺ʱԻԷǰӦ״ԪĳĻѬա
ڳǰõĻӣΪԼİȫŲﶼźֵʱһѧ
ʱѧ䣬ȻŴ룬书Ȼȥฮӣڹϣֱӷˣᶯͷϡ
ٰʫܣǾӣͶʮ࣬Ǿ˵ݣԳƵһΪһǰӽѧңμӽƿ
ʫصڳǽĳȪɽׯһ棬Ϫˮ
⣬Ȫɽׯ⡣ͣڴ⣬һλͷСڵṫӴȻ¡
ܹӿǽƬ֦ǳЦô⣬͡
һλμʫĹȣԣ΢Ц͵ŵˣյϢ
ʱ󷽺Ȼֱײͣԡһ˴ͷ˫ֲۣŵ˿Ѽζ
һҲӳڳ֦ɱ㿪ʼŻ
ˣ
˿Ȼðˣǵȫûˣһʱܡ
ʫܹӳǣĿӳɨȻ˷ɵʱϡ
ʱ̫ӵıܣӣСӡƴʱĵλҲˮǴߣڳȨӵУڶݶӶ㡣
һݶӵȻǼλӺ͹ˣȨ֮£ʵۺΪӷѾԽ࣬Ʒֶһûȡ
ӣʱǰͲˡɨһۣԥؾȺʱ̸
üǰһѯʵǣտһ㣬ʱָŻһ˵Ĭˡ
Ϊ˲ԼฮĹѬִţҶĬز϶ˣһʮΡ
ûֵǵġ̵ߵʱԣ¶Էļ򣬸̾˵ʱܰ·᫣Ҷ˵˲ҪϿ飬ֿǲºˣγ˰ɣ
Ŵִ·ˮлЩĽ·ͬˣõĵطǴСͬʯ̳ɣһЩıֱ࣬Ͳʻʮֵ
£ʱ֪ĸˣҪڳϿ飬γˡ
СͷŻҪ״Ԫ
ǣ¶Էֱ̼ˡ
˰
ʫܹӼջͣӣּˡǶȨӵܣȻ˵Ϥɱ˴ҲǼġ
ϲعֵܹð
̧ͷɫҶңɢ䵽ǰķ˿˫ֺգָһ㣬ǲǸÿˣ
⴦Ȫɽׯ볤ʮŴ·ƽ̹һʱŵ
һʱСʱ;⣬һ·ƨҲۣҲͷЩΣֻϽûؼ˯Ϣ
ʳ仰ܹ۽Ҳ˳顣ǾӴоСҲ壬˵ʲô˶У˽лҡ
ܹѧһ꣬Ϊ࣬û뵽ջسʱĵһ죬㵱ƹ
ǿӦ˾䣬λӴҴ뿪
𨿴ǵıӰʧׯ԰ڣֽӹСˮС꣬ݸԷ˵ˣڡ
ʱᶼҪŻӹˮһڣȻʵ֣ܸôôȼ֮𣿡
΢΢ü⣺ʲô
ʱݣϿҵҳǰٳԵ㣬Ԥϵһ𣿡
ҺûʲôֻǸŻƻѿ
ǣĿؿС꣬ĶԷļʲôû˵Ĭˡ
ָʫΪд壬ʳ϶㿪ЦʱǰڵӣԵ㡣˭㵽᲻ƣεͷĿѣϿ鰡

ׯ԰ڲһСϪϪˮ峺ףﻹнڸƼζʱһһҲǷֲơСϪÿǰڷһСľ˱ľ֮
˵֮ʽʼʱһǽҪˣһ̫ӵıܣ⣬λס
ע⵽λõı仯вһ˿
ܳǰ˼г˴ϯĿΪ޸ĹϵȺӽǻ̲ס
壬Ⱥݱȳ߹ҲûСʱ̫ĸˣƾʲô˲ף
ò˵һȺ˱ﲻķʽǸһǱǹ𨣡
˵㣬ɻͶҲ棡
ַʽʵǳá䱩ռγɹѹĲԣԷֹ̿¶֮£Ϊ뻷ֺǡҲΪʲôתУ⵽żУ԰衣
𨲻ͨˣ֮ǰλ˵İ취Ѿ֤ˡף
ļȳϵͬʱʫҲʽʼǣͷ˷ɻĿԱѡŵƷ羰־ͬϣˣһ顣
˳ʱһû˴岻ϻһ
СһϿξ˯ڹӼĳɼȳ𨻹ҪҪһȺ߲ʫʵЩΪˡ
ƫƫȺ˻ǵЦ˵Ҫѡѵʫʺͻ˵ÿҪһ
ʮʱٸͷѹڷڱȥݲյС
ʱץԼҪôɻʱͷһԵĳȻʮֵϵļȣ
µĸ㣬㣬ĿѼԵʮ־ˡ
С˴ʵ֣㲻ʫ𣿡
һƬѼ⣬
Ѽζľ濾ãÿһƬѼⶼǡô壬һҧȥ֭ˮ
˲ŻЩʳԣһʫ
ʱסʣСǺܶ
ҲˣͶ£ֲᡣ
дᶪǿдЧҲòȥ˵ᱻ˱гˡ
Сͷ룬ͷ˵öԡ
룬ֳݵؿ𨣬˵ӢʲôʱôҪͺˡ
𨣺
鲻ԣʱͷ˵ò𣿡
ҧ˿Żף˵㻹Ǻúöɣȥʲôˡ
Сۣ⣺Ϊʲô
𨵭Ǿ̣߽ΣաҲǴ򲻹ʱҪԷһȭ


11 
ʱҲֵܵĲеıʣԷһԳԺȺȡ
ᣬ˶ʫʱʱƷʵ㣻Ӳʱںȹ𻨾ƣЦʱСˣܲһ㡣
ҭĺְܹ
ǳԵĺ㰡æŶʫ۵ڣȻûƷһƷ㣬Ҫ֪Щǻ˴Ǯʱʡ
ȺҲԸԼŵķ緶̤ʫᣬҪıһ⣬ԼеٺͷǡֳϳԳԺȺȣȥǻҪ
ԳǲܳԵģǲܳԣȻҲܳԣŹƽ
˶ʱĬؿ𨣬ͼֹΥΪ
հֻʣҶСʶԣ̧ͷڶ˵Ŀ⣬ⶼǾ׽
𨱻Ƹ첲һ̧ͷãȻˣüôˣ
ȣǼûߴߴ˵ҳԶû˼ˡ
ˣΪ˵ǰɣ
ûθڣǿӼеñ˭죬뷹˻ûθڣ
ʱӸòᣬ˰ѳĸ첲С˵ǻ᲻̫ˣ
ܾȣǾͳ˵㶫Ҳ𣿡
СҲȷʵˣͷ˵ҲǡΪλҲǴСֺãû·ĵס
ⳡʫʮʲݣڳĴ£ꤵҲû˼ʫԣʼһԷ
ʫȥ˼гҲѯʽ顣ȺӵܣڳǸ߹٣ȻҲųģˡ
Ե߷²ۣӳյУٵԷһԵرȡ
̿Ѽһ㣬ټ֣һ׷
𨿴ССģû뵽Ȼôܳԣ
˵֮Ⱥӵܲʶ²۵ĳȻͬˣȴҲǸ׷ԸԼҪύĳӡ
ڨڨס죬صȴŸ׽ѵ
û뵽ʱһ춯Ǹ׵߷ͬСӣ˵öԣ
Ƥ̫ˣһضûУ
³ɺԼԳһߣ˲Լͬ²۵ҹɢȥ˲١
𨻹֪Լٽͥϵĺг֪ˣҲֻһЦ
竡Ҳôɣʱܳڷǳؼ˯ڻøȥ˾̫ӱ
ദһʱ⣬ܳΪصúܺãȴû뵽Ѿ챻̫ӿˣһϰ࣬ڼϢС˼֪ԷǸ͵ġ
Եл֪Ҫȥμʫ󣬱ΪԷղˡȴûʱ֣Ĺģǰͨ˵
̫Ӹڡ
ˮ峺ףζ̫Ӿվںϣָʳ䣬ʫɢȥϢ
𨽫ﱧһ·ĶСķ£ƨߵ߿̫ӣ¶һЦ͵÷Ʊһζ˼ںϲ뵽̫ӣһ̳
û˵м䶼Լ̫ӷϣμȾʱҼԶڳ̫ӣϯɢȥǧר̴Էһݡ
͸̫ӵĲͨͨ÷ƣΪСܣʱ̽쵼ڵһλⰡ
֪СܾҪģҪʱ뵽硣д磬Żĵף
˿̵ĳû뵽Լļƻôɹպ̫Ҳȷʵĵˣֻв
ڵֻܵ򵥵İԼλСܣΪǰ;Ŭֺ̫ӡ
Сؽ̳÷ƷʯϡΪ¾;ˤˣһ·ǱڻУΪԼͣϼˣС
һ̳ȻأȴҲЩ𨱾󣬱һ·첲ˡСķ¾ƺջֺ󣬲·ĸ첲
СǹΪ֮л۽ȴǡɨʱЩӡ
˼ǹҵζվͬ˵жǼٵġ
ܿɹʹмС˼̫Ҳֻһֻ۱һֻۣƽ̫ࡣ
ẓ́Ƭ̱˹ϴ̣Ʊ
ƺܿ쵹ãл䳢һڣ˵á
ȷʵǺþơл䷱ڹƽջҪ뼸λʡĵĻʵڳɱѾܾûôɵˡ
һֱСĹ۲̫飬Է⣬˿¶Цݣǰɣ游ϲƣȹľϰ֣ҲʱƷơҵܹģҵľȴǺܲġ
ζãǾ˷̫ʱġ
յʯƣĴָСлΪ£Ӧǳǳ˼ں¾յ
쵼ˣҲҶȡԼƺʧ̬ȶ˵ʲôõ顣
ɫ΢⣬˸ź΢磬ġ
Żδ˴յýˣ죬лȻżǹ޵Ĺ
У˵ý
лü΢СԼϲ㣬Ż᲻̫Ӹν
ֻǳһжϲҲѰôŮƵƫ㡣
лһתƻȥһʫᣬֻǹע˾Ƶζ
һ£ʶ˵еѼζҲҲû취
ɽׯҪһʱóô̫ӸҲˡ;»ԵñȽʫ⣬ֻ͸˵ĿѼʲôԵԼܴ
Լ߼лĻ΢΢ü
ǰʾ𨵽ʫᣬӦúλѧ̣̽ѧȴû뵽ϾȻֻ֪ĳԺȡ
֪Լٴα¶ˣĵʫᷢ顣
ʱһԺȣ˼ʫʱ̫ӿЦá
ûĿãȴѾ뵽Уμʫ˴ӰˡȻгĵطֿɿ
лѵζ̾Ȥĳϧ²ڡ
лûյʫ룬ĴЩȨӵôʫСȥʱ󳼶δ̫ӹ磬Ǻεº̫ͬһҡ
ûаοԷ˵ʲôȥġȻԵζʵûʲô˼ʱ䱦󣬻Ǳ˷ʱˡ
ΪʫᣬԼصĸСʱȭĵԺ˽ȥμЩۻᣬҲŲȥ
лüɵ㲻ˣպ׼ȥĴ£ԭһͬǰڿǹǿˡ
û˵꣬ɴ۾Ŀڣºγԣоžޣôȣ
л֪ǸסģҲɱԷЦʵ²ˣ
һ˫峺ۣˡʣкѪûʲôǶҪ˵ֻȥˣʹϵɽ»𺣣΢ܻȥ
ʣܰһЩƨĻ˵رУΪϿҡЩ˵ڻĻȴ˵Ȼŷ
ƣֻȥ˷£ɽ𺣵ĳ̶ȡ̬ⷬЩߵڰ׵ļ鳼֮ࡣ
лЦԺ
𨱻ССѵҲ̵ءŶһŲӣС˵û˵оǺҪء
ʳĸأɲҪԼȫҵͶڶԷˣǿ϶Ҫ̫ˡ
νС峺¹¼𪣬ü۾£СʱҲֻϣûԹ
лȻ뵽һʣɰжȻһ
˭᲻ϲ˵Ŀ֮أʹΪĴлҲ⡣
֮ǰлϴ¹شְͳԶСˣķ֮
ȻлŷԼԲһˣ֪ǹֺãȴȻ᲻Ծϲƫ̻
ϾڳͣĿΪ֮ľġǼ¹Ϸ㣬ʤ̫ࡣ
л䷴ʡͬʱֲɸ̾ԣЩЦԷǵĻſھϲļŮӣֻƾԼƭ÷Ĺ顣


12 
лͷµʱ򣬳ȴ˼ԼҪ̫ȥµ顣
ֻ֪ĸ쵼̫һȥȻʺ˵ĸ˰
ôñĵĻᣬ־ҪһСܵôܴ
ԽԽºܲԴǵΪ岻ݴǣھͻؼʰʱһͬ
Ħȭƣ׼·ϴչ֡˵׼ؼңԼ㣬̫Ӿͷڲˡ
лעӰ޿κεĽסԷȻ˾޹صĻδӾҪƣ
ãȻͷ󷽷˵ֱҪİ
лüҪ͸
⣬Ϊ˵ľ֮ӱȻʮ̫ӺܺڶԷʢŭ£˵Էͳصľơ
ֱ׳Ҹ˵Ҿζһ̳ȥ͸̫ӡ󵱳Ӧרȥƽѡ͸ҡ
˵⣬¶Цݣ˵ź͵ľƣȷʵʫϺȵζء
Цģֱ̬̹Լǽ̫ӵŵľơ¹ͣϣ΢⣬ֶˡ
лм⣬ҲͷЦˣȻȷʵܷϳƤӡ
ɵ뿪̫Ӹߵδֱϳ뿪վǰʱ·
ɫԵЩ壬ֵͣŵȺԼĺ
̫Ӹ鲻
̫ӽ׶˿϶̫ܶ࣬æضÿһԹʣԴƷĽֶڿⷿҡ
;ǰ뵽̳ƵĽ֣Żᱻĳ䣬Ȼ󾲾ر
û뵽лᵱԼ
ѡûдлȻĴܺõ˾ԼһҪúŬģȡճΪ̫µĵһСܣ
뵽⣬ĿⶸȻᶨתϳԳغɡ
̫ӲŹȻĸǰŷ𣬹ÿ궼ȥһ˴ȻʺȻδ˵رѡͬǰ̡
µشɽϣֻʻɽ£ɽҪߺϵһ·ԼҪһʱ䡣
̫ĸΪĳϣɽ;ȫ·쵼Уܲκɣǻˡ
·ң˷ƽʱǾһˡǺ£ܲȥ
𨱸˵ĸ˺üˮңͲװ¶ˮйΪСܾҪְҪΪ쵼ȱһɵұۣ
ǰ죬һ·ڱ̫ԣ¿ڿҴ˹ˮ
ҪȲ𣿡
³ԿŴ׸ɣˣһһС÷θ壬ˮҲܲŶ
ͷЩɹҴɡҪ𣿡
ǰһ֦ɵСӣ׼Ķ
ʱʱͳʱһи㣬ʱǼ÷ڿʱóͲԴ¶ˮ
ɽ·żҰñQ𨻹ӣԾԾҪҪȥ׽档׼̬УͺԼɽǽΡ
̫ɽ·ΣΪĸԵʣÿ鶼гأ⻹ǵһ⣬·߿˵ķ羰Ҳ
ĶЩˣŴ׸ˡûϵģҲĺ˷ѣ޵ȫԼˡлɻɶԷ׼ĶԼϲԵġ
̬ڣ̫תԳһ壬Χ˸岻ȥ
/̫̣
ô£ƽʱͰˣôС˵Ĺ׼Ķ쳣ȫͲܸ·
Ȼ˵öԣ̫Ļˣ
һ·ϳڱϸƾ̫֮ߵ̶ɲְΣܸоڳӵĶԱ£ԼҪʧҵˡ
л䲻õС̫࣬ƫСס۳𨣬ŶԷ̫ʱ˵˾䣺ǸϸˣЩ޸ĶȲܵ
ھԼҪζĸ㣬Իͷο֪ΪԼкܶҪѧϰĵطΪ̫ӷǽѣΣѣ岻ݴǵΡ
㲻̫ң֪Լ㣡
С̫ࣺģ
С̫಻ִȴʦݺݾ¸첲ʱһݣͷ˵
ʦǸ¶̫̫࣬Ϊ˽ⲻƽ̫ߵ¶ֱ档ʦľ棬С̫ʶԼΪףʱսս
ǰл佫ǵĶ۵ףɨ̫࣬Į󵭵ջۡ
ĳ֣ǰ㲼õĹΣÿ㡣
λΰãȻȴֲֻܾܾܴͷȥˣðɡ
𨳯л߹ȥ˲Уе˶ʱһݡ
̫ӻȥǿ˳𨹦Σ֪±Ե˶֪ڹճ𨣬ƫ̬һࡣ
л̫뵽̫ӿԼһۣͷѾ˺ˮ
̫˽֪ӣ񣬿˭Ϊ˺ŪĺˣǾʹشˡ̫ԼĹأֶιֻߵ˲֪
ջȥСͽܴҪѵˡ
˺̫ݺݸͽһԹϣŭԱ˳ŵģȥǳʲô
ͷʢ̫еĺˣôƻĴ󳼶飬˼ֶβνСͽ˼ǳܿ壬Ȼ뼷ҳӣֱ޲ɼ
СͽͷϱõҲҶ죬ֻʵʵҾǿƨ˳ۣ˭֪̫ô
̫ۿ˦ȥ޲ɼ
ڳϣСͽܷλߵĴɻ䣡ūŵģҪıǽӷڵһûӻ㡣
СͽԼƾ޷ԵãȴʹֶһΪ̫ӵĳӣ
൱㹤òãúõͬ³ͷǰǹ⣬ޱЩǾ˼ˡ
ǰĳҲں̫ģС̫飬һ㶼û˼ʣЩ˶ΪĶ֡
̫ӿ˹κ󣬳ССе̫ӵڷܿ̿࣬ߣҲĶ࣡
˱˹Σ˿̴ԼѾͷɥȴʮ㣬˳һ˾ƨҲǰ޹˺ˡ
л䱾Ǽ̵ѹΧԿЦã̲סֵ˵ͷ㰡㡭
ָⴥỬۣлһ˲û뵽һӼ˹⻬
ۣջ֣е΢΢Ħָ⡣
𨲻֪л˼仯ԼĶͷ¶˵𣿡
ԷЩղŻȻʮлȴȻһСȻͣסţ̧ͷ̫ӣԼˡ
лָĴУҲ˵ԼΪ˸ڣ͵¶ζС
գգۣãȻֱ̧ۣţûζ
Ѿ̫ӵڶ˵ԼζЩˡ̫ӶζУߵ˲Ѭ㣬Դ֪غҲӲѬ㣬ÿ춼ϴ衣
ȻŮװҲŮԣα˵ԼζҲΡ
Щίһúϴ衣
л˼Ϊ˵ԼɲʱȴȻ¶ĻʱɢȥǻκͺЦ
û뵽˼άôɢȻ뵽Լ
лεйϢǹϢŻṴ˿ָⷢ
ãȻڲǴ찡＾С
˵Ȼ򣬴ԼŵСͳһӣһй𻨸⡣
óһݵ̫ǰʵζ𣿡
˵뵽̫ӶζУոնԼԶ룬ýǸᡣ
ǳɿջ֣ǿµĸҧ˿ڣҪԹ⣬һС͵ҳ＾СϲйصĶҲƽճԵö̫࣬żˡ
֮ȥ㣬ڴдŶеˬǰССƷģ
л仺ۣеõ¡


13 
ԼΪÿ̫Ӷȥһ˴£ɽ·ߡȻ˰;ͷȴƣתֱ£С
ãҲδԤꡣлߵصڱ°ȫϣδǰɡ˿£һʱæҡ
֮ǰ˳ණĳ𨣬شԼСͳǰԭֽɡƨߵߴյ̫ߣ£
ˣ
ԽԽ̫һȴǡ·;ǰͤҪزеطꡣ
Ŵ꣬һ˴ҴææЩǱ
һɡԼ̫ͷۣúõôˣҿûϵܵ¿ɾǴˣ
лü΢üӵ棿
ϿҵͷȻˣ΢Ե֮ģؿɼǵʲôϵһڷԣ̫һˢ
л΢΢ĿҲסˡ
⣬ƽպɵʱϰˣ˵˳ˣ
𨵱ڨЦĿ˵һڷԣһˢ
лģЦЦЦˢ룿
һظȻã֮Һ˵أҲˢȫˣ
˵أҪСԼεĳ⻰ƻĴˡ
л䱻Ц¶Ц⡣ΧֱϵļƤĬĬᡣ
Ǽ˵˻˵컬࣬Ҳ֪Щô˵óڣ
Ϊֺ̫ӣвϴоŵɡȴǰ˷˿û̫Ƿб˼
ûֻ̫󣬴˿ֽɡǡý֣ԼΪϷɡ̫ǱбӾ͵ˡ
ʱʻðǹ˰ɡ
ԼĶ̫ӵСܣְˡŬھҪ쵼ǰ֣ҲԼ尲ȫЦ
ԼȻҪˡ
ݿأװ֪鰲Ȼʱ̫࿴ÿҪˣ̲סͷֹĳӣ˵㵹ǰɡǱŲЩ
ۼ̫ӷ˿ȾˮŹú޲ƿ𨣬Լɡ
𨻹ûأ̫Ȼתͷɨ˵ؿɼ
գۣѵԼƨĵ鱻ˣ
룬ĬĬԼɡ̫ӼƫƫȻԼСԷߴսЩ̫ӵĸ첲
ֽɡվͬһɡԵЩӵ
лʪϢɽյýˣлżϴǹɵĹ㡣
ĿȥֻԵһͷֳɡͷ
Ʈҡ۴ָ߾ɡӴ䣬¶һذļָϸ޹ǡ
ƽտʻȴ԰ףǲ֪ˣ»ΪŮɡ
л΢ۣùɡڳĿУ΢Цɡ
֣ס󣬽ɡķЩ
ǲˣӵ겡Ҳø
˲ʱͣˣ̫֮һ˳ִ¡һ꣬ɽһҹ󣬵ڶ̫ӱ㲡ˡ
ȻֻССķ纮ɴ¶ŵòᣬæµšóҽɮˣ̫ɽҹҽ
Ҳţ뵽ǰƫԼɡе顣
ϣе̫ӲԼСӶǨŭͷϡ
Ϊ飬̫ɽ⼸գ⾡ġ
ɽϵĻʦͨҽ̫ӹϵãα⼸λҽӡ
Ҳڵ£æڻԶ˼ҩ
⵹ǳ͵Զ̫֡ڵĶ˶޲óֻ۾Էһҽ˶֡£ٸԴġ
Ҫ̫Ӽҩ̫ӸߵҲ֡͸һԿǰҩ
𨿴鿴ÿοɶǸһ׵ľ룬Ҵ̫
ϻź̫ӵ£ԼҲ°
ıţ𰡣˭֪ûҪԩͷ
º󣬳ҲЩߡ
̫ӶȻߵȻţȴȻѸٷϢԷ̫Ӳ֮´ּֽ²̿ͣɽҽ
ػ̫Ӱȫٵ̼ҩ̣ñĿһ㶼˵̫Ͻ
̫ĵһ죬غûԷֱڶ̫Ӻתлݼ
᷿ڣ̫ڴϣɫ¡ʱ׼ҩ
ȥ˿л俴ȥЩѾࡣ
£ҩԹź̫Сҩϣ˶̫ӡ
л΢΢üӹҩޱһҩȥ
ҩű̫ܿ࣬ȴһ룬Сǰ⿪ߵһɰҪÿӸ𣿡
л䴹ۣôӸû˵
ΧšֻһۣлһǳԼ⡣
ҽӸҩЧ̫ǲ˽Щ⻹ǵһСһöӸ
ʵҲǡ
лײʱȻʺδȥĶӾҩ࣬ÿÿҩԵһöӸζ
ʱѾ̫ãѾĸ׵Ӹʲôζˡ
̫ӳĬãǣæԼƽԵģѾԹˣġ
û꣬лָ֣⻬ģùöӸС
ӸζЩᣬȫеĿζȴȻɢȥࡣ
лΪ̫ӣСһһбմԴʱǻǹԣҲˣҲҲ¿ࡣ
̧ͷ𨣬΢ЦӵӸζá
㶣󻺻¶һЦζɣÿκҩӿ࣬游ĸǱŪӸҡ
ʵʱʶףʶôˡ
̫üĳһֱûɢȥԷԼҲǾҩ࣬ԲŻʱ⣬һöӸ
ЦʱǺÿ⶯ϲ峺ޱȡ
лע뵽ȴǰããУǹ޵ĹϢ
üҵĿɢȥȴ


14 
̫ʱ䣬㷢Сܵı죬ǰ˺ʮ˭˶˵ϸ
ʱ̫ߣ̫ӿ˲֣ڵصˮ̫ӷҪ˯ڣ̫ˣҲŵһʱæ
˶жˣóӶ̫ؿɼǻҪҷ룬С֮ĶȾ֮
˾岻ѵĳЦҲԼС˼
µԻʦڵʮԺգͨѾꡣ˵սķӴ·żһɮעΡ
Ǹ˵лʶɮˣǻʦʦ
£̫ӼȻʺ󣬻ҪһʦܲöԷԼһԵ뷨
ûԼǴ飬ԭֻǸڻңֲáȻλԭδ֣ԼҲıݵӣѾоͬɳлЩġ
Ͼֶ֮𨵣޷ıо飬뵽һʦһ㡣
˵ʦʦ洫ռǷǳڵԺաЩ̫ڶҪԣɴ˶֮⣬һû취
һӣԾûôܹûʦԼԡ
Һûʦ̫ӹϵֺ̫ӣöԷԼϧ㲻㣬̫ҪȻȥŶԷ
̫ӲգҪϢ̫һҲȻĬ
ûʱ򣬱һԺй䡣
̫ӵڻδҲ뷨׼취
·úԺ°ˣֻɽСʦڷñչزͣҲֻΪ
˵ǷлʦʹҼԷҲһ˵ԷԼԡ
վСһģԥҪҪأȴһɽиӣСѿ·ˣ
תȥһһǳͰɮˣòƣһɵɮۣһ飺Сˡ
Լµ˴˵ݣһʱЩţ־Ҫ˵ЩʲôöԷԼԡ
˼룬λ˵ѣʵ˵ұԵģ˵չˣ
Ļشɮǲ죬Ȼͷ¶ͰЦҲãԵ
ߵԶµʯԣ·£ֶʾǱɡ
ۣ
ɮ΢΢һЦԳ˵Ƿĸһԡ
𨣺
ϵȻ֪飡
ֻһؼĸȻɿܵʯԣŵá
ɮʵʲôԵǰ̣
סҸ߶Էԭľ飬ԥǰ̰ɣ
ɮ΢΢ͷ˵һ֮ԵѸġպ󣬹󲻿ԡ
գգۣЦˣԺô
δ룬֣صлллʦ
ɮЦ²ϵһʾԷϵ䣬ҡҡͷ뿪ˡ
˵֣ɮĴβ죬ųȴ죬һգ۱ʧС
ŶԷıӰǾ¶ϲɵЦݡ
󲻿ԡ־Ҫ̫µһСܣӽڿδԼúܳɹ
Ѱ̫༱ҴˣӴҵĳӣ̫ⷢӵأ
룬Էȥȼ̫Ӻ󣬷ֶԷڸһλɮ˰塣
һֽлԳλǴ֣ʦ
סǻʦ
ǸղǸɮ˭֣ﻹ˵Եȥ԰
뵽ɮ˵˵ԵĳʮָӡŪҭ⻹ǵһסζ
лɫЩףɶʦ񡣡
л俴ͻʦϵԷ£ʱͷԳʦһ֣Ӧһԡ
䣬ʦȴָųĺҡͷ΢ЦɲɡӽһԣԱˡ˵㱧һ̣Ƶˡ
𨻹ûӸղԼһʵ޻ɮ˺ѹһ仰ʱĿڣԼѪѹҪˡ
ʦߺл俴˳һۣδ֣Ա߼Ҵ̫ܵʦһǶõ°ôʹأ
Գ𨼱е˵ʲô£֪һʦղԺЩҵ壬Ӯһԡ㵹ãЩɮ˷õĻᡭ
Ŀڣ˻˻ʦˣҴˡ
л䱾ҲЩźͷ̬ⷬ˹Գӻ֣װģ´ɽʱѰ
𨵱֣¶ЦܵлߣŶԷֱ꺮ůӴҵĵ£ôղô洵ء
֪Լ̫ӵ̫ӴȷģԼǲǱƭˣֻҪ̫ӣʧȥĻҲٻ
ѧãģ̫Сβһ̫ڵ𣿿ʲʣµիζɿڣ
ҪǶˣھȥʢһ롭
춯лŶߣֳֺЦͣ½Ų۳𨣬ú˵
ŶĻ÷ݵĲ𣿡
ϲȣú𣿡

ųԺȥ̫վԭػûӦȻ̲סĨ˰ݷᣬֵֹܾġ
һͷСԺС
ʦԼʦεʦˣһ֪ʦֱʡ
ֻм֪׳ս·ʱλעĸɮ꣬ԷԻϡ
ʦʦ°ͣǷĸһԣձǻˡ
ʦ̾ϢԭʦĶˡֻλңǸ֮ˡ⻰ԭҲû˵ԭгɥ
ʦЦ㶮ƨҿ󲻿ԣ
һ֮ĸۼʱʮ꣬վǶԵŮӵˡ


15 
лԿ׼ɴĿģΪĸȻʺŷ󣬴רΪȻʺ깩һյơ
̫ӶȥųƵƫݣþûгʱţۼĺɫغЩż
ǰһʱңȴѾʱˣԶڴҵԤϣ˶Щġ
̫ӵ²ã屾ΪлȻʺ˸Уʲôô˹ƶñ䡣
̫Ŀ𨣬Сӣʱ½ջδţȥǰ취
̫ӽƫã˱վ˶áĿ֮£˼Уȫʵʵؾصվñֱ±ϲȻʺ
̫ĻҲ֮̾ǰҲǰ취
̫౾óݹȰ̫ӣװɵ㣬α죬תʱ̲ס˸ۡ
治Ǹƽֺ̫ӻٳ浽Ҫʱ򣬵ӱ˭Сᣬ۵ǲС
𨲻ǲ֪̫˼ȴԼ³̡
̫ӵΪĸԼóȻȥȰ룬ô¡̫Ŀģ갮ԼҲϣԼúúƣһָֻʹԼأ
ֹ˰ʱ̫ӽȥڣѾȥ߸СʱҡҷҲվסˡ
ΧĿ棬̾˵ĿУǰߵ⣬ûľţ£
購зݣõҲȶϡ˭֪̫ӿأ˶ء
һڲԼ̫ӵ£
ͷ΢𨡭
û˵꣬㵭ɡ
𨲢δżɨȫƷûκβ°ڣ̤˽ȥ
±ϣվСڣ̫ӲС˳ŵ·ǰȥֹ˼ߵ˴µ̫ӵС
ѹָղ̫ӵԼԼ
룬һС̫վ·ڷ·ţǰһŷľһִʣָ΢дʲô
нŲл䲢δ̧ͷ𨣿
𨵱Ӧ£¡
ؾ࣬ɡ
߹ȥ̫ͬԣŷֶԷǰڷһزؾڳд
ֲý̫˷ڷͣãԭΪ𾭡ݳ˽⣬Էƺŷ
ɻȴδǰһԣע̫ӡ
̫ӵɫۣͷڡڰǰȻִʱ˿޽Ǵ䣬ݳˡ
Ȼ뵽̫ӵ䣬л䡣
䣬ɽ䣬ڳĹŴֿν󲻿ԡˣ»䲻ϵɡ̫ʷȻòŻá
𨾲˼ʱлһ߳һĵ˵ȻʺɥʱҲ꣬鶼ǲ̫塣öӸĸ󡣡
𨶮ˣ̫ӲŻȻ뵽Ϊĸ
ķʱ̫һʣڳزؾž飬ȴȻ˵ҲŹԼá
ڷڣ仰Ǵ󵨵ģû˻ָҲû˸ָ
л䴹زؾּΪȥȻͽϣ󣬿²Ը
΢΢üôûã
ù̫еǾǰ𾭹ڷ·ྭС
·¯Уֻ㣬ƮѬɫҡҷ
ͷᶨ̫ӲŷȴȻԸΪĸԸÿ겻ˣؿɼƾβ㣿
Ҳ񣬼ʹĴԽػһģƮתδҪ
Ŀ峺ϿңûмȻʺ󣬵ضԷ֮飬ˣػлο
̫Ӱ·ڷǰᶨ꣬鲻
ΪǵӣΪǴΪĸ׵ĺӣΪĸţһղи
ǵһΣԥԳʱվ˳ʵظúܺãûд
ҡҷӰͦΣȻһ˲·Ǳ˵ص
лĿϣ
ͣƬ̣лĿӳŲͷעͷķ񣬺Ȼ˾޹صĻӵĸףʲôˣ
Ȼʵʵشĸᣬάҡ
ʵϣͿֹά𨣬ֱǻ˼㡣˭˵һ䲻ãܵ
ľĸдģ̳ѧ̫ǰ;ǣͿ취һͿõ׷۰ԼĴգƵóĸﻢ£òڵǸ
У˭֪Ϳбͷ⡣
л뵽򸾻̵ĴţҲ̲סЦˡͬʱҲ뵽Լĸףʥϡ
򸾶Գİٰάλȴɵѣͼıϵ
ں֮ǰ̫Ӻʥϻһθ飬ʱǶԷصĵӣεĴ
̫ӽݣ˼ŬѧҹʥȻʺУΪʵĴ
ȴ֪ʱʥеһ̡
̫ףˡ
ܹ£ȴҲʧԭҪ¼ҹˣԭ֮ûοԡ
̫ӿ𨣬Ȼʵ˵ӻ᲻ܹ¶
ʳ仰лҲԼЦҲЦˡ
ȴЦһԺͷδԷֺǰһ᣿һֱ̫ߣ
仰ȱģֵ̫ӲŻǶյʤߣδӡ
лעų𨣬һʱû˵
ЩƱĵĻҲû˶˵лһЦ֮дӲ
һǰ¥Уͱ˵ʱͦƽﳯϦദġʫᵱɫС̳ơշƮҡֽɡ
ֻǴ˿峺̹ȻлûܴҵɺͶ
ֻ̫ԺǺɵͻл䲻òһ˿Ρ
עų𨣬ü棿
Ŀû˿㣬ֵϥ£ڣ
̫ӱЦˣǰº͵ӣҪǵýյĻ
ҡҷлȻ뵽ʱĳ鹧ŨŨҰġ
ʱ֪ǳҰĲֻҪһᣬԷץס
ˡӲԼҰģǴһϢӵۣ޹˵ĿĿᶨԶѰͬˡ
˴Ӳߡ
Ӽ̫ӵ񣬳ץסÿһᡣ

һк󣬳𨳹׳Ϊ̫ߵĸȥﶼЩ̫õľɳû档
ܣȻӲѧ竣˽֪Ĵˡ
˶˵£ĬĬͶ̫ӸԼӻһԾΪ̫ӵĸպ̫ӵϴλνǰ;
л˵
̫ӣӻ᲻ܹ¶
ӣһһֱ㡣
˾ҾλһҮ


16 
ɹѡ쵼ĸΪǰ;Ǵ⣬ȥ̫Ӹϰ౨͸¶һɻϲ
ĺãӹӼѧһ·Сյ̫ӸǰǡײͬҪĻɡ
ɿɾûгĺˡ
ǹŴִǼɵ顣ĸһƽ˳ƽҪӰڻĵȥ̫ģĲý
̫㣬ʵ£׮׮ҪʣܷܺŪ¡
ɵڹ¥̫òͣйͳһԿӵľҲֻжʮ꣬ƽϵ
һ·Ÿ裬ҲźЩȤʵӿǵļˣ˺ã
Ҳ֪ô¡ϰ඼Ϸأãʮÿ̫ǰڱ޲ԸӰ࣬Ҳ
֪ɵ²ۣæ̫ǰ֣¶Էڲһȥ¡Լͬ棬Ͳ˵ˡ
̾ϢһʲôˡҲ뵽̫ӣŻ˿ġ
ҭ׼̫ʲôÿĵġѰգżԿ˼пԭÿ춼л̫ӣİٰ㼤Ҳֻʣƽˡ
Իɵ޶ãһ뵽ܼ£ҵľͷǳ޲ʱڵߣΪǽѡ
ɳǣᡣɵסСϷⷬ˵УϿΣһʱЩֲԷƨ˵˵ԡ
ԣ̫ӵɾĸˡ
ʮѾ˶׵ͣӲĽٻӰȻҼ̫ӣһ͵̫Ӹܣ˵Ľ̫ӣ¶š
뵽⣬ϵЦݽסˡ
ϮǰţȨһߺŵҲϡ棬ǰĳɵ۸ǻزɵŮͨԣгĳ谮һв󹬣䶼𣬳谮ԡ
ɾɲؿ𨡣Է𪣬ɤƫۣϸЩҵ޼
ʮѰŹѿ£ɳ񶼻ûͨ£ûСͨ
ԽԽĺԽԽġ
ǸˣҺͳϵ˼ȰԷͷúѭ浸صӡҪ䣬Ҳ벻ϲ̫Ӱ
ίȰС鰮ζĿЩŮϣٵüԵ
ԺôȻԼĸˣѲǼŮҪ̽ɣ
ⲻֳӣλȻ˿ڼ򵥣лв檵ĹأڳŮеļǰéЩ֪жﰵ̽ˡ
ɳһŮװ
ϣ˫ֱȭ߾٣һֻΪ̫ӣֻΪ̫ӸͿأʿΪ֪
𨲻֪ԼϷ̫Ͷ룬ԼݳǺˡΪְнɾݣŬԼ̫ӵĶ飺Ϊֹֻ̫ӷУû鰮˼
⻰ĸˡ
ˣ㰮̫Ӱ
ҪһˣҲЩ̡κ̫һ֮ûδӣôôһ·
ɺö˶̫Ӹ㱨Ȼôϣ˶Щ衣
˭֪̫ǰĺˣ˽ϵܣҲ֪̫ӶԳӵ˼Ƿ
һʱ棬Լĥԥã²̫̫
̫󣬵û˯ž
̫̫ϣʮ꣬¸أѧҡǰΪʥǣδ
̫ˣһΪ̫ı̫ʹ飬жǸúӡ
Ǹ仹̫ӣ¾Ͳͬ˰
̫¹Ϊӣһ竴ƫϧ
̫ľշתһҹ󣬵ڶ켱æֱ̫Ӹ
̫ӸС
̫̫Ӻ󣬱Ȼֱԣ̫ӣע⵽պദϽ򲻿ɰ
лĹģͣ±ʣ̫γԣ
̫һ뵽ӾȻΪԼĺͽܣջա
Ӳ˵һӵܣ컬ڽƱ硣¹Ϊ̫ӣʡ˵СΪ飿
ź̫Ļл뵽ｫһȺҭĳЦ
ҡҡͷʧЦ̫ءЩԲӡ
̫̫ӵǿڤ粻ˣͬ˼
лЦ⽥̫ʶ˲ɸڱ档ԣ겻ȴΪӶǰʹԷ䷨˵ֶΣǰһã
лΪύࡣ֮ڳ͵ˣж˵;ģܹϵжϾƣν֮١
⣬̫һ̫ӶԳۺܸߣԶԷĿҲ
ֱԣ̫ӵĶ䣬κȰûЧ
̫ҧҧȥˡΪǳӣֶԵв֮İ
лסԺȻֳݣǼ·ǹ޵ĹϢ
ѯʣ̫һžؽԼĶԻ̫ӣ߲ѵ˵Сˣ
̫Ļл˿Цһ̫Լˡ
᲻֪ЩԼǰҲ˵ȴδɺ̫Ǹȥ
Щӣ̫ǰɣҲѹպٿ
̫ӽͺ̫Ҳ˿̾ϢˣӶ竵Ļʵ̫ҲӦСЩ
ʹܲô̼ӶϢһ˼ȥòô˴̫ˡ
̫Ĵ⣬л䲢δش
˲˲ɣʮ㣬ıƣҲöա
οߵˣһλͼı㣿֮󲻿ԣЩС˼ˡ
̫л⣬ԷΪԼʦл䲻᲻Է̨¡Ϻսɳ¾ɲࡣعµĸӡ
̫Ĭˡ
֪ҵΪأ̫˵ĸеڹСûʵۣЩҪ̫ӳɹϻʵۺɡ
̫¶飬ֵˣϷ򲻼Զı
л»Է¶һǳЦ̫ʦ̫֮ʦԵԣк֮
Ŀڳƺ̫ӣͷɫÿֵ֮࣬°ˡ
̫߳Ӹ󣬺̫ĬĬ̾
̫ѾˣԼָʦԷǲˡ
̫ӸУ̫лվǰ򴰱ߣһʱû˵еıʾ˷¡
лԾٽ·УȻȴƫƫΡ
޵Ѭ㣬·ػ˴գԼϣǰֵһö÷
ɫл䶸ȻۣĿⲻ
ˣ

峿һ磬̫ӸϰһƬҶ֪ǵӽܲá
ֻϵ𴲸ʱڷԼµ̵ϵĶ
ѹͣˡ
ūǵͷսսҲҳ̧ͷ


17 
̫Ӹ⣬ǡô֪̫ӽ鲻ãƵͷҪؼҡ
ϧ֪ʲô˿˳ŸСޣԼҪ׸̫ӵĶ
Ϊ𨾭Եʣ̫̣ǰֱͨˡ
һ·̫ӸлĹġ
鷿ϲȵڴУлȴ簵磬һ·ȵס
ôĵֻΣ
л£֮ȴҲжšʱŲֳŮͨԣ֪ʱС˻¥С˻죬лԴ˴δС
û뵽ԼȻһμԼͬӵĳ
лгŭм𾪺Ͳš
ǡôʱ˳˽˵ǰշ纮΢Ѱ˲Σ˴󲹡
û뵽̫ӷӦȴˡ
ûҪô£֪ҪԳ𨡣
ĿԹīĵͣл䣿
һ΢ͻСδס
Щ˵ô£һĻ¡̫ӺȻ£Ҫͻɡ
ҲûܣԼ̫ĸΪȹ̱˴˼ϵλǣҲûܡ
ɹؼǳһ㶼ɻ鰡
ش̫΢΢üûб仯˵⻹ǲ⡣
лʵӿ֮ˣ
ˣ
ԾղŵĲ²棬Ķʱ
֮ǰԻɵһף֮̾׷½ҵ鰮
仰ЩӲ±Լܾ쵼ûӣί˶Էһ䣺ο΢̫㣬ûҡ
л䱾ϣͷһʱЩšԾ뵽˵̫ԣ˲²⡣
ãϸԴǼҲʮִ󵨡лΪԷֻͨķУ˿̻ȴôкۼԷΪȴĺ⣬Īϲ
лעų𨡣Ľӱüã˵δ檣һʱ˲·Ҳ½⡭
֪ԼΪƨ̫汻˶Ⱥ壬Ϊ˱ҵܶ
ǳƨ̫·ɶˣ΢ǰţ޲ѧһ洫
Цӯӯ鷿ǹ޵ĹȻһкеĳص
л㱻صҹԾüֿЦ
û̫ӵ쳣˾ƨ˵ÿɶĻᣬ棬и˳ȥٹŮõ¡
ԹԵ˵ǸŮӣҲĽأ
ڳУֻʵ̫ˡִ˭ûԼĺֵܺý˵/Ůһ
Ȼһ仰ȴлԺһף
ǸŮɣα㲻ͻأɡ
леָⷢȴɴݣ֪ν
ʵܲ˵ĵĹϢվ棬εѶȥ
ѵͻȻ𨵽Ϊֹǵһα̫ӳͷԣֻӦŶԹ˵һԡ
˾ƢźԼ
лҲûнͣĬġ
Ҳ֪Լľ仰ǵ̫ӡ鷿վһ̫Ӳֻñǹ˲μԭ·ء
޼һֻϺõɽΣȻȲ̫Ӹⷿ󣬵ҲѡСʱԼһ·ġ
̫ӲͰˣôء
𨲻⣬ֻҰο쵼ƢҲ顣λӸ̫Ҳ磬ллʵۻ̫ķҲ
ΪһְСܣΪ˱쵼ĺȡѵʱ䶼̫ӣȥԷùͷ
ֻ޼һڶû˺ȣһذˣʵǾᡣ
̲߳סͷ鷿ڵ̫ӣԷ׾£ûзڽסԼ˼̵ȥ
ⲻ֪תͷлеӣעıӰˡ

뿪̫Ӹ󣬳𨱧Ż߹ڳϣ룻ôõ̫ӲȾˣԼؼȥȡ
̫鲻ã𨱻ѵҲôġǡϺҪȥȪɽׯɢĵϷ˻ظҲ̾˵Լһȥ
ԼŸ٣һʱ䣬̫ٻȥ
ߣСҲȨģСҲҪ飡
Ϸ岻ãÿʱȥȪɽׯɽׯ羰ˣԶһɽ֣ܹΧԡ
ɽׯжȼʱелûôˡ
֪ΪΣҹҲûƵΣȴʱ뵽Ⱨż뿪ģ
Ӱ߹޴ͷ뿪Ӱį
һƬžΨвľϰ˳ੲݵĻлȻоһ˿ȡ
л˵
С𨣺ôãŮӣҲϲ㡣
ȱ°


18 
лΪ̵ʹͰ죬֪ӸλҪУ²̤벽
ΪһԼҪϸλߣлһѳ߶ȷĽߣ޷ؽĺͲ黮ֿȷԼǺϸĴ
˵лǰУһֱɵúܺãʵĮ
ʶϲԼ󣬱㵱Ͽ쵶ն飬Զ䵭ԷʹףԼλҲЩͬ
㲻ͬҲı뷨֮ʷϽԼдһʡ
л˼ǳ𨲻ִԼδáϾС޷ԼľܾҲδ֪
ȻûԤϵ⵽ѵ䵭󣬳ûκγľٶԷڶݵãȻ޴󣬱˳ӵ뿪̫Ӹ
л˿ͬʱĲϲµķ
ǵ׼Գ𨣬նԷû̫Ӹʱѹˡ

ɫȥѾʱ̫Ӹ¶žһƬ
ʱŷ˴ҴҵŹ˵š
ŹϢ̫źʱֹվһԿʲôҪ˵
ǡлڿ飬ƼŹ飬ʵʲô£
̫Ӹ˶зִ磬ͨ鶼ߵḶ̌ضҪ²Żʱͨ
Źͷ£ӡӸ٣˵ҪȥȪɽׯϷˣ⼸ղ̫Ӹˡ
仰׾þûдֻҳŹѹпҪ⡣
Ӻö˶˵ô£½鱾ͲãѵⲻڼҷʡǸǸˣȻе뿪ȥɽׯ֡
һӦģҲ֪л롭
𨲢֪Ź²ۡȥȼ٣ȻҪ֪һͷ˾̫ӷûǰ̫Ӹô졣
ڳ죬С֪̫Ӹŷⳡ粨
ճţΨҡҷ
˰죬ҳлɤȥɽׯˣ
Źͷ
лڿ飬ȻЦˣǸϵġ
ûûΣԽĵյĵ䷳ƶЦ
ڴˣֻЦ»Ϊл鲻ֻŹ̫õ̲֪ڿŭ
а⵹ùߵĳ治Ǹ̫үǰѵ·ȥׯ԰ɢġȺܲģֻ̫ӵĵѹսսɻ
һʱŹû̧ͷͷѾ˺顣
ãл䵭ȥɡ
Ź˲飬˳ȥ

̫鲻á
󣬸СģĳҲҴƽ㱨ʱӽ
˴̽ǳŭ̫Ӻ󣬲ɰֻԴӳ̫ӵȺϳҪ󿿣⻹ǵһοԷԱ
̫ӵǶΪ̫Ӱ£˴֮䶼ͬţƽһ¶⣬ϵ˵гҲг϶Ҳھ
ǰ·ɱĺƨ̫ӵĹעһԾΪĸ֮ϡ
ܼ̫ӵ˶ǳд󳼣ϱȳé®СвѧƫƫöԷ߾ϣ˵ûвĿ϶Ǽٻ
³̫ӵλͬʱ߱鳯£ᵽ˳𨣺Сƨĵϣ˵
οǲˣǼδ̫Ӹɣ
̫ҲԳӺǲǰרȰԶСˣ˵׼ԭ򡭡
ͬеȴһԣ˼
Һ΢㻽ԼɵӣԸϴ˵ӽջɽׯس龩㡭
ͬʱ̫ӸмžһƬ
̫ӽ鲻ѣŸҲʮֳѹ֣ʱ̰лźŹƤ
鷿ڣл
վǰһִʣʵӽջؾˣ
仰ŹЩԼĶ䡣̫ӵѹ˼죬̫Ӹ¶һƬ
ŹΪ̫ߵ̣ȳ˶֪Щ飬̫鲻ôԼйء
Ϊ˻пѲ⣬ǰӺ͵¹ϵãͬͬȴת
Ź󣬲Ժ̫ӸҲЩķлˡ
û뵽¾ȻӣȫȻˣƺЩ
Ȼ֪ǧ꣡
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лһīʣ͵ˡ
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л俴⣬Լɡ
ŹģС¶ˣһΪ룬ҶƵüôܻأ
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仰ûͷûβŹɻȴʡ
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л䲢δעĻֵ̣̿һڴǰ֪ʲô
л˵
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19 
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̫ӺȻΪԼϴǹ͵òԡ
֪˾Ͳ˵ԼС
Ȼ̫飬ԼҲóȻ˵ĵרͲ
ķ˶úе
ϺŴȣʹļ׵һȣʵڲ
ӱ˵УԷһٶģҲ̫ӵ²ôõķȲƽϡ
Ϸȴоûô򵥡̫ؿ㣬λΪΪԼӰǨŭأ
ϷǴŮĺĸѲս㣬ȴһ·󣬼޸λȨصĺ˺ĸ
ȻĴ˵ŮΪܶռ
ϷΪլ֣ȥϸѯʳ𨵱պ̫ӵµ̸󣬲ɾЩס
üʵ̫˵
Ϳ⣬Ůĸףм̫ӹˡ
ڴլԺɱһ·ϷˣͿСǧٽҪʲôֿɵã˼ֱ
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̫ɶˣ
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һü˼һ߻ͷʱлҲ˵ȥȥлһ飬صر
̫µ̸ܣʱ䶼׼ȷسˣ¿϶ʱһڹӼѧ֪Ϣض֪ͨ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôԼ²Ӧʱйء
̫ӵ»ΪǶԷҪ£ԼʾãȻ鲻̫ͬӾ˾ˣ⣬𨲢ԼֵöԷͶʾá
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ʱڳĺҲʼ飬ǰĵؽ鷿ˮһ¡
ӷܷϽҲ˿ڵ֪ӱ̫Ͷұ΢λһ
ʱҲ֪ԼΪʲôһˡлֲֵض˵ҵ˵ˣƽռලѧϰұģ̵ŬܷϣΪҺã
ж˵֮ǰС֮ģΪΪæ̫̫ˣҶÿġ
С֣ԴǿеҵĿľͺáôҲҵĺֵܣڹӼ࿼һʲô˵ȥҲ̫ˡ
Сü԰ϴβҲֻ˵ڶҶǵģƾʲô
ջ֣̫˾ͲԷˣݰݰݰݣͿͣ

ʱߺ󣬳ȥϺ̸յõϢ
Ϣ༸˼ͬ
ü۷Ϳˣʱ̫Ҵһܡ
Ϻ֪º󣬵ϣԳ뿪գ˲ԣ롣ջδЪɫ磬ȥ̫Ӹݼ·Ϊϲߣ
Ҳ㡣׼̫Ӹͣ
ԼóóȻȥ̫ӣȲʵ˭Сˣᱩ¶ɶӸԼͨ籨ŵˣʵǺܲǡ
룬侲ôȥ̫ӣܵиԵɡǡӽɽׯ̫ز
Ϊ֮ǰͼһƳѡĶҪˡ
Ϸ⻰˸Ŀ⻳ǴֵʦҵƽǻʦʦͲص׹֮Ķˡ
ʦʦǵʥɮƽϼ١ⶫ˵мУֵǧŮҪϷҲó
ֻƽЩˣʹǱϸģҲ⿴Գ¾ɡ
ԥôȥ᲻᲻̫ÿԵǸ̫͸ɵĶ
ǴǰҲᵣ£⣬һиЩá
ҲǸţϷʹˣ񶼹Ϳܡ룬ƽ׸µĺɰ
ϷüһòԾ༸˱ͷ޵ã
ⲻ
Ϸˣ
Ӹͺɰиʲô£
飬Ϸ˶ԣϧǶϱʹϲͥԸԷ˿˵ǹΪѶϱ
Ϸ룬ûгֹԼŵĲ벻һΪ棬ˡ

𨻳źɰһ·ǰ̫Ӹ
еԼ̫ǰҪԼ粵븮УŷԼʱƺòԡ
𨼸û̫Ӹһ㱻һ֪ʱ̫ӸأūͺͳӶɫأ
԰һͷ͸ԣԼƼһ̫ſϣʱºͱסƺ
̫Ӹôã⻹ǵһθо¡˵ǷҲΪ
óԹɫĬĬùģԼҪҪʱ
ĿΪֺ̫ӣɲײǹڵİ
ڳ׼·ʱŹشӸ߳ۼƼ˶Է첽һץסԷӣӴҵĳӣˣ
鲻ãµūҲĵŹ֪˸ܣû¾͵ſתһȦָǾȿѵĻӳˣ
ǿˣҶΪ˵£ֻף̫˳ӣǷļϵ˰
ŹδˣԷôϲһʱ仹еο
֮ǰ˵Ź۶࣬뷽跨أû뵽Լ˶Է
ۻ԰ǱߵĶʵʲô
ŹɨۣЩĶѵɱˡЩ۵ĶҲʱ½ձķʱ¡
һ㶣ץסص㣺̫ӵܲ
Źųߣɲ㿴ϣˣһûС̫鲻ãҾָųȼ»ˣ
䣬һͷ֪ӻ԰˳㴹ڵϣһ·Ѫ
𨵱ʱľˣ޲õͷߡ
ɴۣŬԼקҾȼȥҲҪɱҰ
Źһб˵ʲôʶˣҿ˭Ҳܿ㣡߰ɣ½ӣ㣬ָôأ
𨼱æҸˣҼле£վͲ˹㲻ˣԼذɡ
Цö鰡̫ӵ´ӼǰڣһǲҽϴαѵľĿɲײǹϡ
κŹòָŵµǵ˾ȿˣҳԷС̫
ŹȴǴó档Ӷ쳶ˣûԼȳһ·鷿ק
ȱ̫ÿ̫鲻ãһʲôõ飬ָʾԼϣ
һ·Ƶû취ϵ̫ǰ
鷿ǰŹɿ֣ɤϲس£ˣ
׼͵͵ĳ𨣺ģؼҾͰдǳСϣ
ֻĬĬվסŲʱﴫл䵭
л˵
̫ӣĺð
С𨣺Үְн
ǳģǲִµλ


20 
鷿󣬲ŷ̫ں̸յ£ѹ˴
ư˹£ǼͽҪδá
̫ӵ裬Ƶȥɱˡ
߽ʱǡ仰һݡ
̫Ӵĺ̬⻹ǳһμԷһ棬ʱͷһԹųܿܣܳɴ߹ȻĴ֮
ܿȥվڳû˵лüˣ
£Ҳֳ̫ܵ˲ƨǾ̫ӵլʺ񡣸ο˶µ£ҲԲµ°
Ȿǳ˵˵Ĵû뵽һ̫Ӹͬһɤ£µΪҪߣ
ʣһ£ŷӦлָϴԼż̫Ӹ뿪顣
ʱ⻹޳˾ŻھȻֳˡ
Ҳ֪̫ô£ƢԽԽˣǸɶС˱Լԡ
²ۣȴһ飬ֵ̿ʱƵҵвֺ¸ˡ
ί˵ʱõδһڣ˵Ҳǿϧء
л̧ۣ𣿡
ĵղ£ԭΪԹ
ɴ۾ţôôңҶԵ֮ؿɼȥɽׯҲרѰƽ
ǻʦʦĸƽ֣ҸջسǱŸ
˵ĵУŹڴ˹ƶҪˣлȴ¶һ˿⡣
Ҳеط֣̫ƺûôԴһ㣬ֿʼԴǵѵ·ϣһղδڳȴʼյһ͵㣡
л俴ų𨣬֪ںȴȻ̲סЦˡչ¶ĵһЦա
֪Ӧã˭ܿĶء
֮ıͨڿƸ飬ȴӵְнСܡ
СǰԼ׼õƽԷǰûл۵׵ĻްСǵƽˡҳ꣬ĸԸϣҰ͸¡
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ˣİźɰɰ»Ŷ𻨣͸·ƼӰ
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ôţҲʵشˡ
ĻشлüΪʲô㲻Զ㣿
֪ǺֶΡӾ𻨸ŭԼû뵽ԷĴȴȫ෴
ֻԥһ£̹ԵȻ¡ǡİ֮ôأ
˵仰ҲԼС˼̫ӵţ⣬ְʾ𻨸Լ֮ƽ⣬϶˼СΪԼ
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Լл¶ġ
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ʲô⣿
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ΪԼĴմմϲлȴΪ˵˱ˣвɶݡ
΢˼ǰֽ뻳С
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Ȼ̫ӵΪʲôȻԼ쵼Լʾػܲɵغޱʾɡ
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ʱճԼ̫µһСܣҲԽˡȻٵȴǳе飬ûע⣬͵͵°ؼҡлԴҲһֻ۱һֻۣ֪
ѵûпȤӽôڣˣ
֪ԭ˵̫һֱ֪ΪԼڲصúܺء
쵼ЩġӣϿҵˣ±ѰʱҪ»ᵢ̫ӵµ𣬱񡭡
лۣȻÿؼңΪ˯
ΪǽչӼѧҵأæŻؼΣǷҪ˸Ӽķ̸һȴû뵽Է͵ؼҾȻΪ˵˯
Щ⣬ǳ𨣬ƺ֮УϾԷȥʫᶼֻܹעµر˲š
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ȫԻŹǣ̲ס̧ͷ۳𨣬ԷǾ塣
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˻һлµ룬ȴ֪ž֮ʱ´ԼҪ븸ʻʵһͬл顣
ԸգʱЩʧ䣺
лȴЦˣԸʱҴӹйȴˡ֪кΰţ
·ת۾һַǷ׼У̫Ҫһ𣿡
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˰ʱڹķʱԺȻ˶
лۣһ˴ӹ߳
鵭ûǻһɫأŲҴҡ
΢һƣܲµзʲô顣
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ڳĹŴڼ˶ʴû뵽̫ӵ¾ȻûС
ѯʣ̫һʱסˣɫѿҪ
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˷ӦĴΪ˵лȴʮƽȡ鲻䣬ɤæӦˡ
̫ں¡ΪνƣȫԸڻĸһϻõȡ
ĻʵǳòܣЩ˵СֶϵǴʣֱЦ
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ѪæƣǹССӣһĵĳϵԼϡ
βġ
л˵
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˼ǣӸõөɢĹ⣬ôȵĹâ


21 
ϻۣ˷Ӧǲ³еΡƴڻôãҲΪ˺ġ
ǳ̾ûϵǲμӹ类Ƶĵˣȴο𨡣
鲻ԣȴٴθ̫̾ӵȡദԽãԽǷӡ
տǵⲻ֪˵С·ϡ̫ػְ֮ˣսڳɳ˳ƿشߣӮҡ
һԼѡͶ̫ӣǸλӣƴʱĶˡ
Ц̧ͷ̫Ӷ˵ôУԲҪûУƣֵǱǶһǣ
ż˵СֶΣСѧͲмˣλӾȻʹô𾢡ѹ̫ӵ²ǷУʵֵʸûС
峺һ˿ƤлҲЦˣ߰ɡ
𨼱æȥﰡ
㲻˵Ҫƻ𣿡

նѽڣַǷҳеƻͨ·಻ϵС̯ӭﲻ
лͳԼŹһڽֵϣ·˴
𨶢ԱС̯ϵĳʳһעⱻ·˳ײˤڵأҺлԼʱס󣺡úÿ·
վֱҵҺûˤɽ˺浹ȥ˵̤ᷢ¼
ӿ㽫˳ɢл䷽һѣ˺ûзſ֡
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л䴹Ŀů繡ţ
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ǣ־ǣֻ֣ŮǣŮӵǱкҲҪվ
οǣ𣿲ǣ
쵼ΣδԻ͵ǰ;
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𨵽ڻ̫̫˽¸״鹢ڻء
׺󣬳緢סл֣Ȼ򶨵شǰߡ
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ҵ֥£԰մû뵽޳ܵĳϡ
һｵһﰡ
ڶ峿Ӽڡ
Դϴˮ󣬳ʶ֪ʶҪԣǵʱԼһ֪˶۸оԲãӰ쵽̫ӶĿԼʹͶ̫ӣҲܵѧϰ
ʦڽΣµĳط鱾ԺȴԼ̫ӵƻµĳ
Щܵʱûãºȴùֵֹġ
ֲɵӣǰ̫ӱֺȻ֡鵽
ϧ̫ӵϵûкõȥ˼ҡ̫ûб㣬ûֻ֡
뵽⣬ȻʶԼʵ˾߰
Ի˯ʱСʵ˯˱˯ˣһ⡣
ʱŹǷôˣ
˫ִü˵кӺк֮䣬𣿡
ʱ𾪵ȻˣֲǶ䡣
ԥܰɣӦð
̫ӵ£û˵֮¹ҹǶ䣬бضԣΪ֮ûشš
ʱʱ뵽ʲôҲԣɡҸұĻӹߣҵ֡ȻǶСʱˡ
룬ʱ̫࣬ӵԼ߶ƺҲпԭСᣬ̫ӰܵܶԴҲûܡ
ʱһģȻʵС˰
ʱϰ߰˳ߣɤŲС˻һΧ˰̨ڿεʦˣһʱ˶Ŀ𾪵ضų𨡣
˵ע£ˡ
ʲôС֣ʱһˣ˵ôôᡣʶԼҪٲͣȫͶ֪ˡ
𨵱ϣЦһεЦУȵôܣ߳жҾʣ
ʱûʶԣĿ⻳ɣҪûеС֣Ϊʲô£
𽥾̨ϵķʱ򶼲ˣΧͬѧĺҲˡ˿ӵĿӣĿ飬ӵĿӣ׷˶䡣
𽥻ˡĬ죬ʵһʵģⷽá
ʱֹһΪСΧ˶üʵ˵ѣǲԼ
Ŀ𾪣š
ϱҲûʲôȱ°ôⱲӾͽʱѣ
ظסؿڣۣ޿ؿϡ
ʱæסŵﲻΪһ޿ӣ
𨻺ۣѵʱܣƽʱ𣿡
ʱ鲻⣬ãȻܺð㲻͵ؼලдҵġϿ˯ʱҡȥԿʱ֪ҲԼȺͼᣬҳԵ
Ȼ뵽ʲô΢Цˣ㻹رŵһڷԣһˢء


22 [һ]
ʱ΢Цˣ 㻹رŵһڷԣһˢء
ͫ׵һǰδеĿⶢʱá
ģʶʱôã ŵһԷΪԷǸúƵɵ û뵽أ
ʱëëģ ±ӣ㿴ʲô
һ ֣ Ͽҵ磬Ҵˡԩԩ౨ʱˣ 츸ĸֵܷϣŹҲŹɡҴӦ´μ㣡
ʱ¶Ц˵ð
Ȼչͷ ֻ˲˵ģ Һܺ˭ǣˣ
ͫ΢ţ ʶϵûУʶѡ
Ӽ˶ӣ Ǵ˿̴Ҷע£ ˲Ż̫ӵǣ
ʱЦһĿǶϤһУ ص˭ ˱ضͼ
û仰ĵס̫ӵӵ£ ҪʲôûУôܶԼͼ˵ԶԷͼŶԡ
ˣǴֵ顣
ʱЦ ׷£ ȴƶ䲻֪˭ ԺضڴϳԴ
һڱصãһ¶֪Ϊ˴ϻۻȴڸһδϣǶԷĶ֡

Լʱ᧿Σֵ飬ǶĴһԾΪӼĻ⡣
Ӽ֮Χͬѧ׷˱ᡣ
ú˽ͷӶ۵ʮּҡȳ·ʱΣװµӡ
ҭֵôԣȺǲǾɵӲŲְᷢ
Ҳû·ϡ
ǽˣ»еܣΪܴ衣𨲻һûõȥһƶĴţֲѧ竼ֱ޹ʹ
ο㿪ţӵٲ֪ʱҲͼС˻պɼҵ̾һٻƮƮĽҹˡ
еǵԽ⣬ֵ˱Խ𾢣˹׽ŪЦǵƮƮνЩ˽Ҳʧ£Ȥ
ֹ᳹ԼҪԭ򣬶ѧĿӶż˹ֹ֣˳ЦˣҪ䣬ҲĴ㰡
˵ǸҰѧƤ׾ϸƤ⣬˵β
⼸մƵĶԺɹΪſͼ
ÿڹӼ𨣬ֻŸ첲죬Գ¶⸱İɡı顣̬õĳ𨶼Щˡ
𨷳ΪģǾ⸱̬һΪʲôǷ֮룬ȥƷζ͸
úӣ㴫ЩţҲҪԼ˰
𨷳ˣײǰ׼˵һ㣺ҵ˼ûп˼ֻ֪ģǳֱӲѡ
⻰ίʵ棬˵ʱбˮ۶ǺˡҲɫΡ
Ҫǻƽʱҿ϶Ҫֳ̱Ȼڱ˵ץţһʱҲûȥѵάͬѧ
ԥҪҪԵͬѧͷʱɨˡûٶ˵ʲôЦһˡ
ǡʱ·˹ˣôˣҶǸ˵ǼҿѼ˺ܶ࣬Ҫš
߽ˣԶԶüʲôأĻˣ
Ⱥ˵ǰһεҵʱЦˣôۼ컹û
ʵЦ
ʱ޹̯֣Ȼأ˺ǲǶɣ⻰ȥͿһĲǡ
ͿǺܴģڹӼҲ쵱Ĵ档Ĳ˵ǰΪάԼӣڳ˵ϹؿдúãѷúӶˡ
˵˵Ӿĸ𨲻ѧͿҰ׸ԷӶˣ
ӵļҳټɻͿȶҪ˵ģǺϡ١
ԹӼѧӡ̣ʱʱһǶˡ
ǰ¼϶ҪӹڽӴΡ򸾵֪ܻ
˴˸ս׷׶ʱллСѡ
ʱҵСӣ̫ӵױܣڹӼĵλ˵ܼɼҲϸŽύ
ϻӹӼѧеĶҪ٣پ͵˼ҵ游»죬˿ֺܱպͽ·
ʱһûʲôۣڳ˵Ϲķ֮Ҷ
Ƕͬѧʱ°ͣҲ֪˭ǶϢĲŰ
ҷ׷׵ͷֻм̲סһֹۣ
ʱ̾һ̵ּѧɫ߷ߣɲ
ЦЦû˵
¶Աȡ˵֪𨲻Ƕ䣬Էߣ˶Աȣôῴ֮
ⳡССķ粨ʹ˽ҹ̬̹ʱЦûʲô֤ݣҲ͹ˣҲͲˡ

Ӽ಻۳𨣬̫ӵжԳȴ׷ףȴǳһϡ
̫ӵһͬ鷿飬ʱ䳤Ҳϲ͵ġ
̫ӸйؾȻǰϲ趼Ǽλһͬϲ裬Ǵλʼϡ˭뵽ȻðһòСֱ̫࣬Խˣڵȥһ͵мĳǰ
̫Ӳڣ͵͵˯أ˯ѼǰڵС̫࣬һڴɱ˵Ŀ⣬ʱˣ
ԩ
ڳ֮ˣлһλʡУиȺ¡گǳ²Ϲأ˼ֱԭظ㲵ȥ֣
ȻʱմմϲҪ̫ߵһСܣҲûŵܸЩ˴̨ĵز
ԩԩû֪λ˵Ǿʹ˽ˡ˶Ƿⲻ
һ裬ʵǼеĵλ
ǰó⵽ѵ⣬˶Ϊ̫䣬˭֪ȥ̫ӸȻ·תصµ⡣̫ߵﶼϳ𨣬Խƾٹģ
ⲻ񻰣
̫ῴɫǰͳֹìܵŹС̫ͽܣŤת򣬼׽òˡһ̫ͬӸ£ǾȻȸƨϲ裡
λϳӵۣû˯á
Գݺмڸ֮Ͼ̫ӵӢᱻƨɱΡ
û뵽һʱ飬ȻóСﵽͷȥˣ
ǿɶǳд󳼣׿Ϳ๦ߣһСӣȻ͸ҸǱ
Ҷһʹҵ鷳
̫ǰҩɫ˵𨻵û뵽ȴµʶƣѵ˲ŪǷǡ
ᣬǵĵ»ôôԳǸƨͲأ
˵滰ܿ˰ɣ
ϳǰۼһͼҵ۵״
ʱǲŷ֣ڹӼѧϰ˵㣬ƺ޿ָժڡǡɫҲûжϰһТ˳
ͺͷˡ
ͷҾһվӳߵ֡ǡ̫Ӹҳʱסˡ
ӵгӵı֣ôУûаʵ£ȥ˻ο
ҶΪ¡ƾʲôΪ·ǽѣʲôƮƮƨ;͸ǹǣ
¶ãûйҲпͣھȻ趼úʣµģ˵𣿷µи󵽰ɣ
˵˵ȥǱĻˡ
ʵ֮ǰ鶼ƽͣڳϻ˶꣬һƱ֪Լͳߵ·߲ͬ
һʵҪʷܳС컬࣬͵ϲ飬ԺһһƾǸҪ߳購·ߡ
Ҿˮˮû뵽̫û˵ʵµƨĸ۸ˣ
Գڴоͱ˼鳼鳼
ҶԹĴ󣬶ʱԹҲ಻ֻЩͷȰ𨡣
ߣŵʱȾ첻£ֺֻ֪õ£Ҷ˵Ǽ鳼
Զԣ㿴Թļ鳼ĸǱųꡭĸӰɣҲΪ밡
ʱʵʵˣ²˰춼û˵仰ȴ°ͣȻõģƤ񣬲±
仰ֱ֮ʣһʱҶסˡ
ϵǣĬ죬Ĩ˰ͷ˵⵹ǡ֪˭ѧƤ߯񡣡
ոϵ̫Ӹ̸Լ͵͵һ̾ǰԼĺڣڷЩ쳯õĸڣвͼһӡ
鷢չƺԽԽңٲҲǸ£ǵ취ҹ
ϳȭ˵ʱ˵öԣӲţıûУȴһƣ費ϵģҲҺȵģȴҡ
˻ͷֻȣϵǷ档
ҡͷں޵һ£λ˵ǵաҪ֪ⱲӶȲˣ
˵ʵǱ赱ʱӵֱá˽»Źǲ˹õĴȴ⡣
ǰʱ̫Ӹ˼Ӧֵһˡ˹ѧһ룬ǵ谮ĳӣŵȸ˲衣
˺ô¡
˻һǼߵϳʱɫڨڨҪҵ鷳û뵽ܴ죬ԽԽڵڡ
ڱһ£ҲȫȻ֪飬Ǳ˰졣룬ҲǸȺõġ
ദһʱ䣬ȻԸ⣬ȴС˵־
ɢˣ˶һۣ̾ȵӲԳҲвԡ˵ҲǲǵĻҸϺȲ衣
ҿûԳǻ˱λᣬ»ֻܹȻ֮ϲԼʿ緶
ǼϳЩмΣԶʱˡ
ƤƤ񣬱ԼϹʿײİ嶼ѹסˣ
ʱʱҲ⣺Ϊıʿ·𣿳˵ЩĻñ翪ģҲһ
ˢĴȣ΢ЦǰҺƤ񣬲λ˺ӣֱļ鳼ɣ
֮ǰʿ緶̵棬˶ľˡ
Դǣᶨ֪һΪҲƽûϵⶼӦģҲ̫лңҲ̫ҵΰ󸶳
ǹӼԣͬµļʷ̰ɻ⣡
ûô㣡
Ǵ⣬ߵﶼȱ˷УԼҲ͡ｫһɳն£޻˵
ɢȥŻͷ㷢̫վЦЦҲ֪˶õϷ


23 [һ]
𨵱ûס ǰŵֱӵϡƤٺҲסڵǰ
лɨһۣ̾ЦϷŪǡ
һȺŹ֮ ƽʱԳߣ һȴϳǣ ܴǲס
̫û չֹȱң Ҳ˵ġοϷŪǽŶԡ
лҲ Ц֪úܺá
ʵڳ𨻹û֮ǰѾˡ
ӼȨ顣˾ͻ棬 ˾ͻз硣
ˣ ÿó鲻ͬ ҲͬҺͺšݺͳ ÿ춼ΪСС鳳ܡ
ǻʵۻǴ ¶̫̫ˣ 㲻ܱ֤ÿ˶˽ȻһΪ ܵġ
лԼû˽ģ Ҫӣ
ֻҪΣ棬л䶼ľѧĵһΡ
ֻ漰𨣬мֲͬҪҪԳȥ̸ ȴûϵˣ Ȼһʰľȥˡ
Ϊᵡ ѾˣʱɢȥҪִŭԿĻ
л䵣ǳ𨴦ãû뵽ԷƴڻԲ˹ȥĽҪ̫ࡣ
ƺҲ⣬Ͼ֮󣬶Էδʧ
뵽⣬л乴˹
ЦˣҲĴչ˵£ҲΪ̫ӵڲȶװɣ
лЦˣҪʲô
գۣ𾪵ôôңҶԵУΪĸԸҪأ
ءһתСӢ󷽿ݵ̫ӵ·ҪңҲǲԡ
û˵꣬л䲻׶Źнȡص֦ȡһӣҶ䶼Ҫˡ
Ļŭţȴװģȵô֪ϲ֦һͿˡ
٣֦ܾˡ
ִ洦ɵõ֦ŴΪֲ̣֦١
ûûзɻûʱҪȵļ֦ڱڸ֮ǰ͵ܲһ¡
֦ͽ˹ɻʵ۷ַ͸ɳ
Ϊ·ǣϺ˼Ҳֵܷš
СţӵĹذΰܶûؼҶ᲻óԣǷŹϹ
ûţͿϷ˷ųˣǲ
ԵŹе֪̫Ӷãÿ궼ὫԼеָ֦Ⱥʱ¶ĸɼ£
ҪһˣƾԼı£̫ƭ֦ؼҡ
ı£̫Ӹ͵˯ÿ̫Ķ˵Щ֦Ҳ֪֮껹ܲܳϡַϻʾ
лҲǶˣ֦˸ս빬ȡ
˿ֿ̼ʼ߶ֱŹѶ²̫Ӹޡ
Ϊ˵ʳ޵ӣл־ЩЦ
۳𨣬ЦЦ˰ɣ
̫Ӹӹȡ֦һ󳼷֣ȫˣԼһû
˵⣬̵һƬ⣬Ȼˣ
ȭһΪ쵼Чҵĳ쾡£ʵôõĶӦҪ̫òǣȻûԹҲûϵ²ܲԣ
л䣺
ʹԳ𨻳һٶȵ˾˿Ҳ׷ˡ
һЦˡ
飬ָƤЦģĵ˵л
˺ϱƵϣȫһԼƾƭ֦
ΪԼֻƭһӣû뵽һ𣡹Ȼ鳼ǰ;أ
Ϳܵ⣬޵ڵǰԽԽܿˡ͸˵Ůһˡ
ڰ֦룬̫ӵǰƭƭȣǿɲһ
²ۣҪ˵ֵ˯鷿ʵʵ֦ˡ
ͿƼˣüˣֻ֪ԣšⶫ
û˵ǿŰˣݸ
Ϳӹ¶ЦܿˣȻʻʱĸÿζܷ࣬ⶫԲꡣ
Ϳ⻰ȻǴţˣ󳤹ȻŮȻúãҲԵĳ̶ȡ
о仰˵õûһһȻʹŴ󳤹ҲǰҲʹʲô
Ϳʱ̲ס룬ȻʻڣĸȥһԼŮ˵ҲܵøĳƺţҲڹôࡣ
Ҳֻ룬λ游ȥˣԷòǲ̫ˡ

֦һССĲȳҲ֮꣬ĸһº󣬼λӼĶ𽥼ҡ
󣬳Ϸһ⧲ռݳ˵˼
糯򹤲ƺһ£ʥڳôȻѵ̫ӣ·ϣףҲ
Щôһһһһ̱˵ϳĴǵɫ䣬˴룬ʥϢŭб
̫Ӵͷߵʵŭδʱճϴ̫ڼзʡգڼ䲻ϳ
ϢԭӦǣڼкú÷ʡʡˣõ̫Ӱɣ
ʥ仰Ͽ̶ľֱǹȻ˱Լз̫֮ġ
Ҳɵ
°ˡֹǸۡǴ볼ӽտ¶ް
һܴ飬̫Ϊ漸ɨ˵ϡ
Ȼʵˮ𣿡
ˮһ£̫й֣̽Ҳ˿ˮ鼮䲻ͨ£̫Ӻ˵̸ҲöԷƺˮá
ʥϲȻŭѵ⣿
տڲԣ̾Ϣһˮܺáˮţƺղˮ
𨲻⣺̫Ϊʲôᱻѵ⣿
ƺˮѾãڽѴǰĵ򻧲ҪʮڲֻȥˡɵκڻƺΧٰգԸ޵̡´ʥϿУ˽֮¡
ü𣿡
ƺΧտˮѾãսǱðٺòİ취ҵ˵㹻һ޳ˮˮ
̾˵ܺãʥϲá
ʵͶ̫ӼɵǰҲɡԷ˽½£Ϊ˾Υѵ̫в֮ġ
ˮǴһؾƻܷӺúΪʥϷǣȴòͣʲô¡
Ϳɫǣĸ״Ϣµʥ϶̫Ӳȴû뵽Էô졣
һʱ䣬Щվ̫ˡɴܣС꣬˭֪᲻ᱻǣ
Ҳ磬ڳʥ϶̫ӵ̶ȾȻûҪأɻ̡̻
Ϻͷβû˵Ȼ֣ԳճʥҪ׽ɣ̫ԻƺˮһشʥջسԹĵδ빬
̲סɫ³ڣѾʱˡ̫֮Ҳ֪ܲܵס
أʵɻᱻ𣿡
Ϻҡͷû£ˮҪʥϲӡ̫Ϊɣò
ˮǹһһ̫ӵһ㣬ʥϲԸ鷳ǿ±̫ӵġ
̫ɱ£Ϊ˱ɰˮ̫Լһе
еĹ󣬶ʱޱȳء
ǰֻ֪̫ӻϴ˿ԷĿǰĴ󣬲Լ뷨̫򵥡
ʵ۶̫ӵĲˣ˸Ŵѵ̫ӣλӹϷ̫ƿصȨ̫ӵÿһˮۣһСı̤Ԩ
ⳡģ򵥡
ϺŮǵ˫ʲô
򴽣ƺˮѾãʥϲ̫ӣ˽Ϊɣȴǰա
Ϻи⣬һҲƷųأοܿ͸£Ҳס
̫ûκ⣬Ψһ̫ˡɳ̫죬Լĸ׸еǺͿ־塣Ϻ֪£Ҳ֪£Ϊ竵ĳҲסճʥϹȻѵ̫ӣд볼¹Ȱ롣
ղٳֻ֪ˮ̫ӵһ¥
̫г֧֣ʵҪ̫ӣһ¡
ϺߵǰʾϺɫ̫ѳ鸮ڱȥ̫Ӹ
ʱǣ״Ƿףʥ̫ڼҷʡ֪ฮŲ˿ţʥϵۣ
ʥϷŭʱ̣ȥ̫ӱ൱ڰԼʥ£̫ĸฮĵĲȥײǹ
Ϳ֪ʥѲ⡣ŵýסŮѵΥ˵ǰɫȥ
ȿฮ̫ӵ
Ϻû˵ǳ𨷴סĸף侲ﲻصǣ游˵öԡ
ϺûҲһˡȻѡ֧̫ӣûлͷͺһ˵
Ҫı󣬱ȡᣬĲܻġο̫Ϊ£³ޱȾ壬ԱʥϣƷ¸ϡ
Ϊ˻Ϊ𨶼Ϊ̫ʺϻλǸˡ

һͷ
̫ӴӹгʱɫһյĹ򣬱㴫˳
ǰһ죬лÿһϥǱе׶ĵʹûŹ̬ȳȥ
˹̤Ļ֮л侲ڣһƬȻ
ĸףˡ
ֻͬ
ʵԼû취ŻͼĮšвĵλЩ޷ı̫ӵݡ
ĸԪĸฮڷܶ飬ӣҵҵ޴¡
ƽʻڽֵϣ˽лǰȴֳչеʥʱ¶Լĳ
ڶԷоٵ״УһȻӡ
뵽⣬л鶯ǣЦݼ
λʵɣΪһȴΪʥϼɵδɻ顣ӣȻЩֶΣЦ
ִ̫ܿӸһƬž˶ͷ޲ͷȥ÷һ
л֪ЩԼǨŭǡʵ黹ƽûô⡣
Ͼ֪׵ΪˣԷЩٶҲ⡣
˵ϻȴҲʣۿԼĸױĿˣʹл䣬һʱҲƽ
ҽĬΪҩΪ̫ãϥǴѾȫ࣬ͺͳѪÿһ¶̹ǵۡ
ʱһλ̴ҴǰڳƵա˫۷˵£ˣ
ƽл䶸Ȼ̧ף졣
𨲻ʥϸմԼҪŷʡȻʾʱ̣κο˶Ϊʥϵж
ԳԸ̫ƶеĵˣʫҹһ̳ƿĵԼ
ʱǡײ̫ҩԷϥϵĺۼ˵úܣһӾԺһЩõĻ䡣
ϱ赸ĸһѵﲻҪ󣬱⣬ھӶָָ㡣
ΪˡӲִӣȴͼַͨʽú㹻ӡסѵ
˵ǣΪ˲裬ֳͷ̫áڴͥǰ¹򣬵սľغ·Զǡ
ۼۿ̫Ϊ˱Լ¶ʱĬվһԣؿڱû˵
лΧ̣ټķֻ̺Ź𨣬ºʵô˵
ɫãΪԷǱ̫ӸƵŵˣССؿ˸Ц㼱ææΪ˷վ
̫ôίοԼ˵ô£ˡ
ͷӶͳһСƿϣС˵游õ䷽ĸҩֹѪЧ
лƿɤ᣺ӷġ
ôᣬһᡣʥϵѵ⣬ݸ߹ȴòȺ¹򣬵Ȼôᡣ
һֺܸеƷ񣬺ܶĴۺʧȥǣ꣬ߵ˷й
ѾԼջᱻǨŭ׼ˣ̫ûСڼԼҴҸʱܶ¶Цݡ
ҹ䰵ˡ
һŹСʢһࡣ̫һˮδջδùʳ
лʱһ԰ؿŶԷһ̲סˣƵ˵Ϊ¸еֵ
лһֱҲûȥⶺڼ˵ҲЦˣкβֵ
˵ǺõĴҲǺõĶӣ㲻ñ
ӣӣ̫ӶѾ㹻ˡ
̫ʱոռ̫ӵãԷΪˮŬʱ̫ӵһεʱۿԷϰڷˮйص鼮
̫ӵ»ǰ㾫ͨˮרңΪλߣԸȥ˽⿼֤취Լ˦ƹһѾǿˡ
˵̫Ϊ˱Ŭɣǽյµ
һ̣ΪʲôôˡʿΪ֪
һл俴һʱ䲻֪θ룬һᣬһЦ
ȻͻС֪ԼݺʹõˡԼѾõ̫̫࣬ȻһЩʧȥԴӲԼľŭԹޡ
죬Ȼ˵Ȼʺڱˣ¶ϿҪҸ״ңĸ׿϶ͬ׷򣡡˵ĸĸȻⱲӵ򸾡
лЦݵ˵볣˲ͬա
ƺôΪմȾѪɴӽѹֵڵڲص˲䱬ôѵĸ𣿼Ȼǵ׵ģΪʲôû׵ӣˣ
˵òֻʥϣб̫˺ۼĶϱӸĸļ䡣
վȥӲϲ˾ͶˣΪûô˾ĸӦñԼĺΪʲôҪ˺ǣ
ʥϲϲ̫ˣҪϵԭĸĸΪ޿ɾҩˣ˸ӡ
Ϊʲôû˿ǹ̫ӵĸܣ
л俴𨣬ԣ
һ֪Լʧ̬ˣŲӲ˵
лûƮƮķŹңӣ˵ȥһΣ
ͳʶôã̫Ӷº⻹ǵһμɫس
Ҳ֪Լղ˵ĻԴСڹŴܽ˵жôʹ󵨡ҲԼ̫ӵĸ뵽ϱӵ飬ŸҴ˵Щ
ڱ̫ѵع󣬺ȻԼʧ
ʧԼ̫ӣʧԼϱӸĸʥΪĲй̫ϡ
̫Ӳܺߣȴŭ
ԶԶǵ̫ӣøղǸŭԼûá
סˣлŻɫ֪⣬պЩǰ
ðʥϣֻĶԷҲ˿Ż˴γѶԷ
ų״̬Ծɻȴ⣬ֻסպٲ顣˿̼ԷɫãЩԼ̫ϿʻղҲǹŻ¶ʵ뷨
οֻĸЩԶᴫȥ̫۽ɨΨһһŹԷͷڵϲҶ
Ŀ⣬ʱҲע⵽ŹǲġŹ̫빲˵䲻ģ̫ӣŹ̫ӡ
лЩģŻСһº͵Ҫ֦𣿡ϲ֦ϴȥʱõı㶼ˡ
˵㾫ȴЩҪ
лЦˡ
ԱȹĸʣܱĳӣҵһǷͬѰ
ʱ̣˵֦Ҫʲô
лʱԹһԳ֦һԼյĿȰο̫ӣżææ¶
̫ӣȰֻܴ죬ֻ農ʱպѰաȴõģȻֻлʵˡ
лЦ𨼱æţ㵱ʵ۵ʱ϶á
лⶺʣӺʱҲѧ˻ʦı죿ʦҲЦˡ
𨲻˵ǰһ½һô㡣
лЦ˼ΪΣ
˵Ϊһ죬ᷢʧȥһİˡ
лɫȥӣҪ

̫ӽ쾭ನۣϢˡԳ̽Էδȥˡ
ȳֵĳߺ̫ӸָֻƽյлڣȻټ̫Ӹ¼ŵ䡣
뵽ղվԼǰĿ㣬ᶨ˵ʹΪӣûĶԴˣ˰Ҳ
ǰô᲻
֮Ϊһ˶Ҳ
ȨǰᱻĨ̫ڹУԭΪԼѾϰֶթǳĳ֣ƽˮһ˿
ͺǽյĸլԺУսһ⡣
ʱл䲻ԷȥŷӦ
ļ죬̫Ӹܣ̬Ȼͺһ
̫ӱʵҪŲһܴ飬ԱԲڴʱȥ̫Ӹ඼ѡ躹ޣײڱµǹϡ
ȴʱȥ̫̽ӡڳŵ̫ӸУΪ۵Ǹˣ˻ʵ۵עͲ
ǵ
վڵǰ׵ʥЦʣλҲ˽⣬ֻ֪²С̶±̫վֽš
ʥ˼Ŷ˵дòãǸ竣ϧͿһƬġ
ʥǵסһӣΪɵ̫ӣŻѯһ˿ӵĻȴǽġ
ӹ˹竣Իĵúܡ
ʥϱֻѯʣɫȴȻɲ𣬾ȻԼѵ⹫Ȼ̫̽ӡ
ۿ仯泩
ĸʥϳ谮ĸϣѧҪһ±̺͵ȴ
ĸȴãյȻʺţΪȨŮˡҲֻҪԼȴ㹻ãһܵҪĶ
̫ӵĵλҪã£ҪáһݷڰеĶߣȴŽһʱ̡


24 
ճӵʵ۵ټ ¶Щ
д壬Ǻкüλв⡣˵ǺӣЩҲֻмδ͹͢ȥ棬 ⻹һαµټ
뵽飬 أ ٸ߲ơ
벻ͨΪʲôʵټԼǰ̫̽Ӻ ̫ӵȥ̫ӣ ฮһڳУΪͻ ռ˸֡
¿ɴС˵ʵæץฮͻЩ˶ ôпԼһСӵĲ磿
Ҫ֪ Ϊ˲ǻʵ۵ۣ ʹվ̫Ҳɳ棬ϺδֱӺ̫ӽӴ
˴ ûʵԼ
ڲǾʱ Ҫϻʵǰ½ҹ
鷿ڣ ڵء
ʵһ£ İʵδͿ ջã
Ϳ˴󳤹֮ŮͿͱǱõĹϵס
𨹧ͱ¹ĸһжá
ǱáʵۺȻ̧ͷ ǵ˫罣һ𨣬 ţ ҥ̫ӹϵǰרȥ̫Ӹ̽ҲǺʹйء
Ȼ׼仰ʱԲɱؿһԺת
¾Ȼ˵ˡҥ֣ɴ˿ɼǡ桱ġ
Ҫܿʵ𣬴˿̱Ӧطϡҥԡ̫ӱ־룬̫̽жϣ⾭ȡ
ͷߵ׵Ǻǳ̫ӲѧţиڶԷҪѧϰһ
Ŀѧʲôѧּ𣡡
ֱ֮֮ŭͷ˺顣ʵԲ²ƴڻŪȥȷҪ̬̫ϵ
𨲻ܴӦһ·
˿̴Ӧʵ۱Ǳ̫ӣպ̫ӵǻŹλΪ̫ӵѾūţҲк³
Գֻװɵߵףе֪
ֻ˵֪ȴδҪĴʵ۵سȥһˡ
ʵѾˣƣÿǽڶʹҽҲֻҩЩ޷Ρ
һϣͻỳǰ
Ѿĺ꣬ĶӶԽԽߣԽԽ䡣ʱʵۿԼĶӣоĲǶӣвȨĵˡ
лУ̫Ϊ
䣬˶ٰ̫ӣ϶̫ӻǸûʵۣùҡˣԼûǻʵۡ
ʵΪԼͳߵĵλյвָҲƿصĶ̫ӡû뵽˶֧̫ӣȻҲͶ̫ӡ
ʵ֪ЩΪʲôҪԡ
Ļʵۣˣ
ʥϺݣʱŭµĳĬĬãͷҲ̧
ǻˣʵ۽ձػúøԷһѵ·ǳ𨡣Ӿ͸һҲţ
Ϻ½ɽҲؽȨǸʶʱй֮ЩҲΪңûʲôͿıá
¼ʮˣﻹóһ
һŭ֮°ѳŪˣ൱ڰй֮ԼþǱų¼ȥʾ
γ𨲻У̫Ӷӵվ̫ӣǲ
ʵۿߵ̣赭дǰʧʮ
䣬ǰλ̫ǰͷڵϵĳȥ
ٺסС˿Һò˰Լȥˡ
ʵ۴Լֻʩͽ䣬ΪԼվ̫ӱֱɱһӦǵࡣ
Ƕǲ²⣬ϻʵ޵עԼʱȻᵣĶԷΪйɱԼûϵĸ׸׺游ĸǴԼĺܾá
ڶ࣬ڳ𨱻ȥʱۼʹ˸ɫһС̫˳ȥ
һӺ̫Ӹյ˳ǰʧܷϢ
ѶС̫ܹܴѶ˵˴θ̵Сͽܣõ²̫ǡ
ܹܡ߹еС̫л佫ֽø侲ϢͿʹ󳤹
ŷʡſڱغױԼ޷ֻܼϣͿ˶㹻ˡ
Ҵȥл֮ͤУԺҩӣΪɡӰ
ۣЦһվ۷ȥ
ͿõѶϢαֱ󳤹Ԯκδ󳤹ǡòڼңͿæ˶ԷӱֱС󳤹ȵ۶ֱӽ

鷿⣬ſڵϣǸ߾ٵĺľ塣
ҲнġǴᣬҲһƤˣ±ˣǴأʮӱܴ˳ѣóһ̲࣬һȫʩַ
𨱻ϳȥʱԼؿǿˣ̫ӵСܻûܵٻ󣬾͵Էһ˰ӣ
Сͷ̲סǼصĺľ壬ʱͷһ⣬ڻȥʵ۴Ļü
Ҳ̫ˣǶҲûлҪ
ҪҪϻʵʱ̵̫ǰһѽĨУǷֹҧͷԾ
ſϣգգۣ
ºˣ뷴Ķûˡ
̵̫ľ塣һȥ𨵱ɪһ£۴Уˮˢһ˳
ô̫ǶʱҲŲ˲һ̵̫࣬СѲɺг
໳ɵĿ⣬С̫ɫȴɻ󣺲Ӧð
ʦǰ̺ܹܣû֪Է̫ߵ̫磬Ǽ˽̫µˡγ̣ʦⰲ̣Ϊ˰̫ӱ³𨡣
ǰȻرᣬҲذôۿˣ
ж᲻ᵯǰĳѪȴڽ¶ǰٴ󳼱̣ºܶͷ󺹲ΡΡл¡ָհһӾͿ޵ģǿٵͷһء
С̫ʱȷ̣ап࣬ԤԼοҪŵĳӿˣ
֪˶Լ²ۣһ֣ڰ
ǰֻ֪СܿԸŴȴû뵽ӾСܻҪ簤
ʲôж᲻ᵯƨڱ޶£ǰ㲻ںˡ
ϻˣ
ϸƤĳӹǺֵС̫ȴ֪Լ̵ȣû
̺Ƥ˶ûУʱܻ̹ٵһܲԣʱҶ
𨿪ʼԼֵʮֿţ̵С̫أ˴˶˵˽ĵˡ
ôʮӣк鸡֡ʼĬĬû˼ˡ
оԼʹѾľˣ̧ͷգӿ޵ıˡ
ƨɻۣȱµС̫϶Ǹг
С̫֪Լ²ˣʮȴ꣬Ӳһ̫ڣǰʮȻϽʮҲи
ڴ꣬ȼ̹ٵͷ̸Աߵ̫ʹ˸ɫ׼õİײ˳ϡ
ľˣϰײʱһ±ءɴͫףԼѾصֱӿϯ𣿣
ʵóƨɻƺѪ⣬񶼻ãӦûܵʲôˡ
𨲻֪ⶼǳõֶΡʮӣôƣҲˡɫۣˮѪһƬеóƸأڻʵǱҲý
ǵͿϵıǳϸŰײѪſ²֪
Ӷʱȥ޺쳹
ҪȥˣĸҲһȥ
ڰײ˼ǣԥԼҪҪӰײ̽ͷοһ
̵̫ӵˣͿɵۣ漴ֹ̰ǰͿø󳳴֣
䣬Ϳ̧һȭϣ¼Ҳҹң
̵С̫ͶԷͲԸûסЦˣ͵صͷؽеӴҵͿôأ
߳ĻʵҲһʱ͸Ҷˣô˿û䰡
泳һƬ鷿ڵĻʵȻȥͿôĪ̫أѳӴˣ
Ҫǳ汻ˣһӣЩ֡
ʵ۱ͷۣЩЩŭȵ޿ʲôӣûй棡


25 
Ϳ˱첽ǰҪŮ Ǽλ̫Ѿ˱µ˿̵Ȼǰ
ʵۿ첽˳ȵ޿ʲôӣûй棡
ڰײ׼̽ͷȥһźأ ʵ۵󵱼˻ȥ
ϻʵ۽Ҫѵ Ҫ÷̺󻹻ģ Ƶ͵ꡣ
ֲɵӡС̫࿴źݣ ʵԼôɣ ˵Է϶ˮˡڹа˵ĳ̫ӱĸķˣ ܱ¶˶Է
ͿѾˣλ߸ϵı£Ǹÿ
ǰĸ̫඼סλãۿʽƲס ʵŭĿԲ ȵ
Ϳæֱ̫һͨ ԭһ˿ķҡ
ŲӣЦǷҶǳ£ ҽվײ ֪ף
˻һ Χ̫ʱŹһأ Ҳɫס
ͿǷĳף ǲ˰
תһ룬־Ȼˡ
ͿδУʮʱò˸Ů˵䱦 »ˡ
λС ûˣΪͿһ ҲǲɢһūֵͣǷꡣ
ͿĲȥǽ⾲һꡣӣǷ򸾺˵ڶӣҲĳӡ
ΪһŮ˾ģͿԼǴӲˣﶼû룬ԼһΪ
˵飬㲡˼򸾷綼úӶവúӼˡȵˣԲľԱķŸöӳˡ
Ϊ˳û˵л˵⣬ӻôСô裬ԺҪɸ۲۵竡
룬ͿòıӽձҲ̫ˡ
Ϳ˴󳤹ŮҲǻˡ˵仰Ҳû̫ϾŪӣɲǱȥ
ﶼ˼ȴ˿ұֳġͷڵϣ̧ͷ
Ȼǲ˵ʵô²е뷨ǸĻʵۣ仰ֱ˺ϵƤ
裺úúáõúܣ㿴ԼоøﻹлʼҿӰӣ
һڰײеĳɴ۾׼ȥ취;棬ԱǸ̵С̫㵱֣ڲ
ǰֵòɿС̫෽ŹԣڵˣţСֻ
һˣԼɳڣͷѾ˺顣
ڼеλͣ켣ö꣬ȻҲӹˡ
ʵ۽ֻСʹ룬Ͻɱ˿ƽֻΪĸ׸ʵ۶š
Ȼûмλϣ游̫ӿҲܲ³Ǹʲôˡľ飬ȴԾںˣ̨ףϱȻ侲
С̫ͨδ£
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Ժʱ뵽ͷıҹҹǵˡ
ΪͬŮӣ˶Է
㿴ӣֻʹʵ۵ŭڶ羪㱻
Ϳʧ̬»ʵۻҪ޶ժɴñأؿͷǣ޷¶䣬Ըȥְλպұصڼӹ̲ܽТӣ¿ڳ¼ֻдӵķϣԭ˴Σ
ͷһ㲻ͷĳѪˣҲ̧ͷ
ʵ۶Ϳ̬ȺǲûһʣóͶ̫ӵ顣
ѪǣΨһĵصˡ
Ϳ֮˵Ƿ׻˹ǣǴȥףаԼʥĳƺš
ϻʵ˼Ҳף̫๣ŭ½ҹˡ
ˣǰʧͿʹȣп£ǻȥɡ

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
ڴϣѾ˯ȥҹӶĴ̽ܵĶЩƤˣû˼ǣһұá¼ŷġ
ͿڴߣŮͨ졣
ʮŵŮС͵һ۰޲ܽϵǶժٻŻǰ;ֻƽǵϡиĸ
Ů̧ŻͿĶˡ
վԣͷΪͷѪ˿ڣɫҲѿϷ岻ñܲô̼ڵ֪ŮвϢѾιȥˡ
Ϻңվ棬ֺֻޣԼԴΪʵ۲עССӣӶһеŮȥ̫̽ӡ
᷿ˣͿȻҺ޲ܳѪҧ⣡
˫Ŀͨ죬ͷЩңҧгݵԼĺӲۣҵĺȴǱ
˵⣬ͿͷһȭջǸĳ㹦򣡡
ҲգȻһٴס书Ҳһ˴аѳȻ
ϺûгԳ̾ҡϺͿˣҳȥ̫̽ӡ
ͳһฮ೼ǰϺҲûϵʵСȻᵥΪһûоλӡ
Ϳס죬ᣬҧֻݷΩԸ徻
žһƬؼˡ
ںȻŮˣͿҲ˲ʵˣҴҽڡ
ʱͿԸŮҩ
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Ⱳͱ˳谮û⻹ǵһγôĿࡣ
ŮۣͿʶᶯŭ͸ТӣʵвͲ˳ش𣿣ôϧԵҺʮ𣡡
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ȻѾȥͿȴԽԽ¡˽ʤʵҪŪһ˵İ취̫ˡУʹĸҲûŮƽҪ
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֪϶ܵģҲûа취ʵۺ̫ӶǱĳ㡣ʵۿƸѡ񣬵ʵûеڶ·
ºѾҽĿֵ֪С̫ˮˣԼֻһƤ˼Իָ˼ȥҲֻжԷ̫ߵ˲˵ùȥ
Ůϴ̬ȻͿۿֺˡԹ˵֪ˣ㲻ȥͶ̫ӡ
ٻ֮οѾ㹻뱲ˡ˽ζŮɲţȴΩԸŮƽ
˻˻һֱ˶ţʹѡ£Ҳ뼸λӵ֮С
ϺͿǣıԼ󳤹ڳ𨻹δͶ̫֮ǰ˰нӴͿҪ£
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һ㶣²ǻڱû˵꣬Լ㶮ˡ
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Ȼٲؼʱ̺Ѿʧʥģֻץ̫Ѿˣ˾͵÷ֵ
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οΪ̫˴ٵذһٴڵ游ĸĸ˱ͣΪ쵼ô࣬϶ҪöԷ֪ˡ
Ե̫ӽʱŴաͷϴŰݣɫ԰ףڴϡ
лԤϣۼһĻȻѵͣһ˲
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Ĳӹҽɣ
ıһͣģȱµ̫࣡
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ΨһԻģֻʣֻü̫ӵˡ
ǰסļ磬˵ˣ񡣡
𨱾ҲֻΪϷװģû̫ӡԷ󣬵˳ӵˡ
;ʹɫԷ̫ȥȱµϲ²̨
µʱԼѹסѶԷһ٣ⳡϷݲȥˡ
ͿŮΣ˸ۣ˸ڣ㽫̫˳ȥټڱֻʣ³лˡ
ҩɫ԰һֽ촽ûһ˿Ѫɫ˿ڱݵĲӡ
лס֣δϸ·һ۱
һ˿壬ȴ˴ǹ¶Բ㡣
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л䶢ۣ˵ʥǰԣģһ
һһ٣˵ü֣ء
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лټǰʥ
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ų𨣬棺Ҷꡣ
仰ڳУԶɣ쵼֪Ĺְͣнܲˣ
̫ΪʲôҪԼأҲû˼ˣһʱҲʮָжס̫ӵ֣˵ڣ
ŴȨᣬλѼס˵ĸһΪ̫ӱʥԵ˲ԳҲûб̫˼ֻ΢Լ飬ȴû뵽̫ӵ
θ̾Լѡ̫Ӽֱ̫ӢˣһʶѡƷе˾
ִգĿӣһ̣һǼ֡
žķڣ͸ɴ˽ڵӳӰӡǡͿŽ˵úҩˡȻͶסˡ
ʲô
̫֣࿴ŶԷʲô


26 
㾲ʱ ĺ͸ɴսϣӰĪ˼ζ
ͿҩŶ룬⧲Ƽлִ࿴ֻУ̫Ŀ Ϳľ
Ϳ󳤹 ҲǼ棬 ײһĻ Եʱ˼ˡ
лҲɿ֣ ԳúϢ
лȻڽУ Ϊ̽ǰزƮƮŹ ʱҪæŻȥ֡
ߺ ͿԽԽԾ
ӣ ôǣľٶֲǹԺҵСġ
뵽⣬ һ
ͿԺǰϷ˵ĵǣ һʱ侪ԭأ ѲϷ˵Ĳ²⾹ģ
µ̫ӣ Լж֮ã
뵽 Ϳһûҩֶ΢΢Щţæųʣ̫ӵʲôΪʲôǣ֣
Ϳ췢ˡ𨻹δıմմϲԼҪְнأ
ӹҩ룬 ̵غҩ ֱࣺûʲô£ ǵ¿̫ˣοҡ
Ϳüë׵ο㣿οҪǣ֣
ֲɵӣ
룬Ҳ˵ųСĵ˵ʵ͵µûС
ںҩεͲҪϹҺ͵֮䣬Ǵֵ飡㲻Ҫ˵Щֻ֮ĸ
Ϊʲôÿ̼̫ӵദС֡
̫ӶǺֵܣôˣкӺкҲ
ദһʱ󣬳ѾԼ˼̫ӵµӡȻԷʵȴ鵭ĮʯѰ˺ǹҡ
̫ӵ䣬ȴ֣˵ʲô˵̫ӵ¶κͿذ
𨻨µʱ䣬ò״̫ӵµķΪһ쵼صǰѾȥĶžһпܻ̫ӵ´ֵ
֮ǰ̫Ӹˣָûʲô
ĺһԼ߼̬̹ͿԭŵҲŷԼˡ
Ϳ뷽̫һʱ磬ܾﲻ̫Ծ
ѵˣ
ͿüʵǷʲôˣﻹҩۿŮӿ࣬͵͵ҩ£ۡ
СʶƣʧƵ˵̫˵αǣίҵĸԺҡ
̫ƶҪˡ˵ЩʱĻһֶԲϣ
ûûи̫ӵԭǸԼ⣬˽¼ӹһ
ֱ׳ȫԼκ⡣Ͼ̫ӵ˵Ļо˼
Ϳô˵˼Ҳƺûʲô⡣
ŮǧðٺãγΪ̫ӵ²Żⳡˡ̫ӢӦúûرŮ
ڳ߼Ӱ£ͿȻҲ̫Ӻͳִ࿴£̫ǵοıʿ
ģҲ˼ҲǺ͵ͬʹˡֻҪ¼ǵ飬պ㷸ı泭ҵĴᱣ㡣
𨳩һְнϲ̵Ҳá
̫ӵйͬʹ꣬պµǻȨ㳯Ұӽʱ˭ˬ͵͵˭ԣ
ŮһԵӣ֪־Ҫ鳼Ϳ̲סúЦֲɸеᡣ
кͳĸŹŮ඼ֹУղĵĶЩͻʫ硣ŮȴҪΪǰշıսսڰӿĻȨݸ߹Ůȴòȥֺ̫ӡ
뵽⣬ͿۡЩ˼ӲҲԳ˵ڡ
֪ÿģÿȥ̫Ӹ˭Ծ۶ԷȴʱŮˮŶԷһͬԹ԰
ҪŮĺܣԷĺȡ
ҩЩˡͿۣǺñӱ׼뿪
췢̫ˣҪ塣
뿪ʱ˯ĳȻۣ˵̫ӵֺӹϵͲѣ
ӵ֣ͿɫʱȥѾ֪Ӵź𨱻³ͷ
ŹǷС̫ӵβ׷Ź¡ʲô游˵һ˵ҵ˼и㡣
Ҫˣ͵üӱȥ
𨲻֪̫׼ֵز游ı㣬ĻȥԷȻ֪Ҫʲô
游İ̫ӵʧ
һܷʵȴ̫ӵվӲǰ˳𨣬˭֪һ˭
ͿȻҲ֪˼֪˼ϢЩġ
Ҳټ֣ͷ㰲ĵͷ˯ˣˡ
Ϳתޱ顣
ӺŮҪ

պһ𾪳Ұܱʵʵǰ
ԥ̫ɽ·ϲһףĳĴ˽
󲻸ҵ󣬵ԥ̫ذӼϱ͢ı档ץѺͿ׵УξµУξ
Уξ㱻ѺοʣϣͳʮͿס
Ĺʡ佫ȴǷΪʮʹʵ۰ȫʮפ𱣻
׵֪䵱ǰĽɫʮǳʵʵӵд
֮ͳʮ˳ǵľ󲿷ֱλõֻҽĸеĸܱΣвãںΪܳƹĹ͡
·գʵŭʱһԱҷ˽Բͼı鴦󣬹ȻڶԷзֲĴ
ֹ˽ƹܽʿĽһֱ㰴ı洦á˽رöû֣Ϊƹܴ¡
ǣʮͳԼӣ»Ȼ
һձӸҲΧסڼеӵձ㲡ˣȴټ
ˣ֪ⳡı桱Եɡ
Ӻ̫ӵĶҡʡУ̫ӵռȥ֮
̫游ͳȨֱ֮ΪࡣʡЭʵ۴񣬲ǰ̫Ӹһˣعںá
ʡ̫Ӱѿأܸ̫ӽа壬λƾλλȨصĴ󽫾˾ˡ
ĸǻȻĺܣͬʱȴҲױĶ̰塣
ڱҪѿسõ̫ӶȻҪƿرȨһǰ㰵жڻΪ
һֱеķǳأ䶫ҲֻŲ֪ʧǰ㣬Ϳ׵űץĵصҲ˳
ôɣٲ֪Լ̫ӵĵµһɵӣ
ɺУͷϵĸʲټļ٣ּ
·ͻȻûаǸ˸ǿзˣҲмʤ㣡ܲڣΪΪ⣡
ͬʱС
ϻʵףɫˣ̫վڽ£鵭
һҹ֮䣬ϻʵۿꡣףעԼӣǵһοԷ
죬лȿڣȵ֪ʻǰν£
ϻʵЦѵ֪
лɫȻУڹ׼δܣ
ʵѹֲסŭãްɱϲɣ
Ȼվϵӳ·лȥŭֶκĻıܡáã޵ĺöӰ
ۺݺлϣȴ˿ֱ仯ûУ·𱻳ŭ˲Լ
ʵŭȵҪδֵܣҵĶӣ̧ͷشޣ
л̧ͷƽҪδԼǸ
̫ƽˡ
һλĵˣʹĸʴܴȡøȨ£סԼϲá
лˡ·⣬鶼޹ء
ΪŭĻʵ۹侲עŴͷβΪȻ̫ӣȻһ˿־塣
ϣûг֪ʱлѾ뿪ټĹֻ̡
ʵԳҵ
֪һݺԤıѾõƣԼҲǱƵһ
֪̫ı֪޹ģı
ǲܷŹӡҪлԤϵش
ϻʵ۵ȻƫӣҪλԷԷı֮ģ
ǲΪʲôô̫죬Ȼ޷ԼεĶıı
տЩʱŴĿġУӽ£ȻѾڻ˶ӺҪˣֻλ̫ϻʡ
ʵΪԼ廹ٻٻʮꡣԸȨλҲҪ̫Ӷ
л䷽˵Ǿ䡰ȡԤϵĹǺͿ־塣
ʵ֪Լˣȴǻˡ
ηɱǰһжԼ⣬ӶԴ˺֪顣
һ˳еΣгţƹ乬һʹ˵¡
ϴıɣûбΪˣٺȴеġ
û˾˸ʧȥ˺̫ӲĵʱΪͼıǰƣҲʧȥ˸ʵκͿأû˼̳лλĻᡣ
ήҲʧǣ˱ŲҲûƽյ
ܿܣһв̽䡣
£ʮҲӭϴİ£̫ӵû˲˽ȥ
ϺɽˣǰȴҲۣھµ֡
ڶΪҶھ˺֣ιȻҲӡ֤˴ҵĲ롣
ԹȨɱĸ֣˵Ѫ
Ӻ̫֮䣬˶Ϊǰ߸ݶײУһߡҵУ̫ӴǷ湫ӣ˺ʿʾ֮ࡣ
Ȼ˴̫еնӼ̳дλһʱڣһƬΪ֮ľѡ
׼ȷҵӲλãܡǡá½صıУξɼ̫֣߰Դ²Ѿáɴ˿ɼֶ̫βпᣬĻ֮

ڼϢʱ̫ӱеʰӡ˴̫ӵȫʤȷѪ꣬ⳡҵȴ쳣
˵ЩùΨһĵӱʥͽ䣬Ҳǰǹ١
˿ضǳƲҵʵջгһˣĸ˴һʵۡ
л˵
βĲοı永
ֻȨвοǿһ£ܿճûԭŶ


27 
Ҳμ
ƽһα˴ӣ ϻʵھĳˣû֮һʹÿҩʹ죬Ҳϻʵۣ
Ψһûвϻʵۻˣ
׶Ըֱ ܵĴҾĽ ǵ͵ʿ
˼ ֻСҪ òŵ˵ αʵ۳ѵƶʲôԹ뷨
ϻʵʱҲǸûʵۣ ȻʹԸִҲʲô׶ĻҲƽȡԼЧҵľС
ڣ µԼŮͺܾˡ
һ˼ǲΥʥּ һȴ̲סԹ²档
֯£ ֪Ӻ͸ĸ˵ıϻʵ۵Ϊ󣬵һӦ𾪻֣̿ й¶ϢΪȫɱ֮
õͿǼֱҪˣ鴫ȥ Ǽһˣ
ʱ Ϳһȥã Զһ˶һ
߷ߵ˵ͨˣ ҼûãҲǹʵ۵棡ֱ⣬ǿ϶ҵģ˵»ÿǳ¼ҵȣ
ѾҪƴ˫µڵĵز
ô𣿻ûУ 󻹵ðȥװˣ
ԻġûüȰ˵ ʶԼҪҪ롣
ûأ 㱻Ϳһŵ´
Ҳҿ˶걻ŵľ飬⧲ôˣȥָŤˡ
黹û꣬ȵڶգ㷢Լżˡߵû˴
Ϸ밲ʱֱԶ㡣
Ϻүڻ԰㣬͹ȥԷתͷҡͷ̾Ӱӣ
Ϳף˰Ķȫ鷿
ΪŮǺ˰뱲ӵĹҲûˣڼжٸ¡оһ˿صʧȻû˴͸ˡ
ϷϺүӲҡ
ȫΨһģȻֻг𨣡
£ſϡֱ߷һСӣڷŸʽˮ»
Աߣ棺ԥһ£һ°Ͱ¡˵©ˣ̿Լװתƻ⡣
鱧Թʱ֪ĺһסͷ˵⣬⡣
ſЩˣ̲ס˸ơ
أ˵ǱȽĿݵģ֪游ĸͲôˡ
ˣ۰Ͱ͵˵ðҰ
˵ǣܹ⣬㻹лͷĻᡣ
˵ҸᣬһṼҵ
ͷ°ͣ˵ɣҼ֡ǻϵطлʱ룬ô
ϾΪûеһʱվߣǶ㻹Щǵģǿɲ˭յģҪ˻ǲ١
ίҾ;˲Ӱ
׹ƻʼңǳĴ£һ
˵ǰĵĮվǹ˼˵ΣҵͽǴҵĵˣ
Դǣ
̫ˣˣȻӻôС
ϸǸֱֺᱻҵĵֲǵһˡŮװʮˣⷴӦҲ̫ٶ˰ɡ
˵ţҲŭˣָӣˣô˵
ˢվ⺰ǲ
̼ˣҲŴддһṼҶҵ
ʱһͿЦ
Ҫˣ̧Ӳ˵ǸҼ֣Ҫд֣
б˵Ҫľˡ
쳤̾ôи˵Ů
Դӳ̫ӵ˸Թ˵Ůȱ£ţЩ˶ǼŮ
ڿӣɲȱð
ΨΨŵŵشӦ󣬳ˡ˵ҵ֪ˡ
ͿǺܲ͸ñһ
Ҳͦģͥλ;ˣҲǺ⡣ǼҾԼ˵仰ֲȥ˵˭ᷢء
ɲҪͷϵͿʰ
˵˾乫ʵҲǹģǵС˵㡭
Ϳһۣŭ壺ıߵģ
ͶҵȻߵˣ
ͿţΪûΪãȻΪң
𨣺
ȥԼҲϵ˺ֿʼˣҪȥϢˣҵһֱұԹ
Ȼһװϻʵۺ죬Ϳ˲ͱת˳ޡ
ҲŮղᶨˣַŭʵۺ˲ǳҲʲôö
ڳİ£ʶԼĴ±ɼ˴ͥ
һƬгҲʮġ
ҪˣڼŻʵһĴ
үү̵Ķȴ಻˾ҲˣһϺõĲƷ
˵˾˶Сĺܲˡ⼸˶˼֮ŭֻ̫֮Ӹʹ󳤹ʺˡ
ʥԽԽСǰΪ̽ѵ̫ӣűʥϳͽ䡣
ǰֳ֮ӵ飬ٹԹ˲ϾণʱðͷЩƽͳϵõ̫ӵûж
ǻˣⲻƽȴûϡٳˣˣԼҲˣֲñˡ
ڼˣԸѶԼ֡԰ߣȸȷ硣
ͿǴ󳤹Ů׾Ǳ˷⻹ǿٵͷһء
𨻹ûѣĸҲŽˣһ˵ҷԸ㰾Ĳ˰ϲΡȺˡ
ֲ˲֪룬һٵ࣬ζЩθ
ҡͷܵĸҪ˰ɣҾѾˣòϲ
ϷĿⲻͬȰ屾ͱѰ֮ǰûˡ
ĿɿڴĸǲǶŪ˵ôŪأ
ǲǾɵ
Ϸһ£һƵԼˡ˵ϰˣղʶ˵ˡ
ͫ׵𣺡
ֺ˵˵ҴֵƣѣǵɱլС
𨷴ǲ˰ϲεĲˡֻƨˣҽ˵ɼͺˣõźʲô˲μԶ˲ƷʼԼҪѪˡ
Ȼ˵˲㣬һ̾ҪֻηеĻӹȥ
ල겹Ϸ˺ͿϱһˣӰ
֪ǿ϶ȥ˵ϻʵۻˡۻʵ۵Ļǣ˺󹬣ЩƼѾˡ
Ҳ⣬˺ܶ໰æſ
һԺ￴㾲ʱǽͷȻ
ʱһԺһıʵ黹ǺܲˬɰŪԼ
˼ʱһԴǽͷ̽˳֣֣
ʱſǽͷ궢ŵµĳ𨣬¶Цû°ɣ
𨵱ָСȥӣʱôŰ
ʱǽͷϵĻҳҵ㣬Ҿֻ͵͵ˡ
仰Ҳˡ
·֮ʸ֮ģͿĸ̫Ӹ˭Ҵ
ฮΪ̫ĸ壬з磬ʱԽҪ͵ǣһȫ³ֻԼҡ鲻ɵʱԼҲ֮С
ҶΪ˱֮ĵˣҲ⻹ǻɬġϾΪ̫ܵˣ̫ͬӵЩҲ̫ûͬˡ
˼ʱʱԺߣȻ㿴µӺӣԼһѳʳ
һ°Ȼ˶˵ܿˣҿӵڹӼùˡ
ع񣬺ϾȤ㻹±Ȱ
ʱ»Ц˵Ҳұ㲻ҲĻˡ
ԶĲ˵úѧϰ״ԪءҲϿ˯Կ
չų򣬼üŪ۵ʲôϵһ𿼹ӹѧֳԹѼĽ飡˵㱻ÿˣҵȻҪһˣ
𨱻ŵļ̣ͷҲЦˡ
˵ֵܡţһڷԣ͡
ʱһˢǰɣ
˫Ŀӣ˶Цˡ
ʱһѻһֻѼҴ˻ˡ
ȥѧѧ͵ܳġӷˣָҪ״
עıӰȻ뵽˳ʶĳ֮ǰǻǹе竣ºȴѳɳࡣ

ʱܿȥת۱ࡣ
ڼдЩģ˺ú׼ȥ̫Ӹְˡ
ʱٴ̫Ӹ𨱾ΪЩİû뵽յǰǡҪ̫Сͽܡ
Сִ̫ǰµ·Сֹ䣬º˱ʦѵ
һƼ𨣬۾ƿҪǰŷԼڵΧ
С̫ߵǰЦδҶأ̫ӵµİɣСĸ·
С̫̫Сͽܣ̫ߵλͣЩʱ̫Ӹ˶
ղżҪŰµģû뵽ȴ˵ŷĲ´Լȥ̫ӡ
ָָԷеĶû£Ҫ·ѾˣԼȥ±ˡ
С̫ЦˣŲͣ˵ЦˡС£ȵҪ
ҲлߵĺˣС̫Լ°ͣδôܻӭ𣿡
С̫̫ӵ鷿ǰȥڵǵȻˣǵصĳӣ˭ˣ̫ӻա
־һ鳼̫ƨ⻹ѵñԼƨ
С̫һһĴ泩ϲ¶ϲ̵飬룺ȻԼҲǸˣ˭ġ
С̫ƨĹʵڲԼ֮һֻ˵ı첻ˡǻʱԹɫȻ಻വ䣬ֱõ泩Ϊֹ
Ϊʺƨеĸ֣Ϊǰŵȳʮĵ˵ء
أûء
С̫Цݽסܲ˰


28 
С̫뵽ʦ˽֣ضԼҪúöԴλӣ ҧסתͷߵͷ
°ȻмӷΣһ˲ţǰ;пΪ
С̫˵һѣ ֱ˵ÿڸԼ̫ӸػǧΣ ⻹ͷһξ·ôۿ鷿쵽ˣ ˿
°ͣ δظ̾˵öԣ ȷʵô㡣
С̫ࣺ
ԼǰҲС˳ӣöԷֻƨܵõ̫ӿأ ΪԼԣŷƨĻҲ
޿С̫֪һжΪ ĳǸ⣡
֪ԼС̫˶Ӱ̫Ӹ˶Լֱǰء̾һ һ鷿š
̫ӵд
鷿лĹģ üĿ΢Ҳֻʾ⣬ûġ
֪̫ڳϵĴ Էźæ ҲûвʶȤشǰߴߴ Լº߰վһԷ
һ л̧ʱΣ ģлλ˵̸Ҳòˡ
Ҳʱȥ̽𨣬ÿȥܼԷ»ǲ Ҳ֪Էˡ
̫⣬ һ㶣 Ȼʶ̿֡
ȻһֱΪ̫µһСܣҲûԼܱ쵼ص̶ֳȰ
һ£ϰʱϰȻȥ칫ңȻͰظ׼˺ܶС˵㲻ùֱǸֲ°
˶쵼ڿžԼҲ⡣ػԼı֣ʵǸҴˣҲ͵͵˯ҶԲҵΡ
Ȼ̫ˡǰǳ̫Ӻ̸ûմʱ͵͵˯ȻӴ󵽸̫ӶһҾķ
쵼ڷӰ๤һСܾȻϢ˭˲ѹƢôõ̫ӵ¶ûס
˼ԼͷɥԲҹ˵¶ҵΣ˴ҶҵΡ
⻰쳣죬ڴˣƻ̲סЦΪϴָʱ̨ʡ
ˮתǰòſ˰Էд֣ԼҲˡ
鷿ڡ
л̬ⷬü㯣ܿ췴Ӧ׶ԷΪԼڳ
ӵ̨ҪڶʱڴԷĵ𣬷ĹʱмֲͣϲԣʱߵĳȴǴԼˡ
ó𨲻òμӴ̫ӵеڲ̸ԷȻȻˡ
ǰ괹ͷǶ淴ʡҡл䲻Цˣ±ʣ̧ۿǶЩСˣ
һ㶣û
л̾ɤ᣺ô
̫ɤᣬ𨲻ԾЩ̡⻰ЩЩĪȴҲ֪γ
лĿ⺬Цӱⷣվˣȥɡ
仰͸¶ζһԵŹΪ֮ľûв̫࣬ȴҲ̫ӵ¶Լ̬̫׽ͷˡ
鷿صأ˵Ȳ׿˵̫ӵ鷿ˣ鷿Ҳֻмλܽȥ¶ʲôв֮ʲôʱпѱ棬˵Ҳ˵塣
ǳӵ󣬴Ҷ²ǳڹŻᱻ̫ӵץסҪܡǰ֮λ󳼶Լĵ
Ӷˣ˵Ϊһ̫ˡԼƺҲ̫ˣæ֮лҲעؽԼȥѰƣ鷿ص߶
ԣȴû룬ǺʵΪ̫ӵ¶Լء
Щ̫Ӳ⣬ԼȴҪǵñӡ
˻ǽѣҪıҪн޸СӸˣλ߿ʩԼȴΪԷĳЩٴʧ˷ִ磬ģϵĽԷѡ
ʷ϶ٷ޵ȨȨաĸȴΪϺͻʵ۹ϵ׽ŶԻжӸأֲҵ
ǰ֮ǰ˸ղŵĲڵĳԵúܶ¡
ҡҡͷȻǵµҪŹ˵Ϊӵæµã̫ӸȻҪΪ·ǡ
˵ԴǣͺǸȫȫΪ̫ӰµҳȫղǸ˯ԼС̫ڴˣ»Ͷء
Լ㣬ϲ̵׼ӭ̫ӵµĿأ϶ԷЦЦۡ
л̧ͷһۣһ۷·𿴴롣
ˡ
л乴˹˱װģΪ㱸ϵĶ֮䣬ؽЩ
ͳղĹϵأȻͬȡ
𨲻֪лǷѳԽѰԷĻشãȻ⡣
̫ӾȻΪԼ׼˻
ڸЩ¶ֲһϲͨ
οίƽն׽ס󣬶̫ԼҪ鷿Ϊ׼ֶͲںΧ˰
ǳлһλȨĴ
һλۺͳӶô׽˽ƣضһޡ
Ǿ֮ߣ
ദһԽߣĹϵᱻģܹ·ϵĴԻʵ۶ԾǴɣ
ıĳг˴ȨյȨǺͻʵ۹ϵصĳ購ȫΪʵ۶Գ̫Ҳ̫ãԷһ֡ҲСĴ
Ϊ֪֮áΪʲôжʩʣھϵϱܵõش
ڽ֮ǰһֱ̫Ӳִ᷸
̫ѧϰ֮츳ˣͼΡΪӺͻʵ۶׶Ըѵ᲻֪𨶼׵Ȩ
ٳٶۣҲʶʲô鲻Ծˡ
ԺвɻĸʱĲȰ룬һ⡣
룬æ˼·ֻûĸĸӰ죬Ҳˡ˵̫ӵ´ǰ飬ղŲһЦ
˼飬ȰǻĲ²⡣

ǰ̫Ӹʱءǡٽ̫ӸĽֵϣƼǰлаӰ²ԷҲȥ̫ӡ
˼һת׷ȥһ߳е飡
黺ͣ˽Ųͷǳźӽɺã
ڳеλԶڼżȻҲ˵ǸϺꡣԳ𨻹˺㣬һǳ̫ǰԽܿأΪʱϵˡ
𨼱æ˸ڰ֣Ͱֶؿ
ܴ죬̫ӵȫʤνǴ棬ͳСҲЦ档
һ̸һ̫Ӹߡ
һϲɫظ̾ڼӺѧΪ˲ѣ־Ҫ͵¶ѧϰ
Ȼ̫Ӻѧ£̲ס۶ԷСӽѲǳԴҩ
֪ӺԼɵһǲѧϰ竣Ϊӿ͵ԿѼץסͷ
ڳ÷зƤ³˼ûȥϳ
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ӻͷ𲻻𨶼ѧˣԼɵӿ״ԪҲֻʱ⣡
ϲɫͷǣ˵öԡ̫ӴСɣʴϻ鲻
뵽ʱڼпЩǿѰ˻ῴʱлǺմġ
֪ԼҶӺͳӳЩСѶԷϣӻԼҶӸı䣬ŬƾϽ
ӱû뵽ô㽫⻰ϡ
һȴɫȵɣ˵㲻֪飬㲻֪⻰У·æ֮ʣ˽ĶҲδ֪
棬鲻⡣
ҶΪڵǰãǵµĸ˽µˣฮ
ȻԵãɫЦҲҲ⻰ɾʹˡΪ̫Ӿ˸ԵױߡרעҸҵ鷿ûһ飡
Ȼ̾
ĳȥ̫ӵ鷿еԴǾȻǽڣԷΪŻ鷿»
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λԼ鷿б³ӳõĶ
ûɣ
ԣӣ˾ְر֡
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̫Ҳףֻĳԭʹеߣ
뵽ۣסˣԺٴĸʱȰ롭
ɲɲɣ

ĳأ涼ûʲô˼˵̫ӸҲ㣬һʵʵṤ
ʷһЩ購òȥ󶼺ͻʵ۴ʷš
ǵ購ҲûԼ漰ഫŵ׼ûϰ
Ǹʵˣֻ򵥵ĳ購ƨɵ֣
ԿʱĳѾȫԼŮװˡ
˾ƶԼв˵˼󣬳ŵһƥ
߰˼죬óĽǣƽ͵ʺƨΪ̫ģڸ̫ӵһߺšޣ·Ĵ
𨷢ģǸֵַʵˣ
󳹴ܷͼǿͼ̵ʱڣŤתԼ̫е
Խִ̫Ӹĳһʱȥһɡλ󳼿ʱֲ̫Եʣ
̫ԵĲˮûˣĿбӣϼװܱʼ飬װû
Χ󳼺ǲԼͬؿ𾪡
Ҫ֪̫ǸǳֵĻֻ׽ĳ̲֡ڳ𨻹û֮ǰΪֹöΣû뵽ڳ̫ӵĵһ죬ҪľͰ˹ȥ
ʱҾ;ӲǸȻСĺڣ̫ӵҡֱϣ¾ͳ̫ĸ̫ӸµΣʱЩϳף
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ڳ𨲻ɽ˲ɴҪ̫ӵǰ¶ֵĴʱǳûóȻжԷ»ᱳˡ
̫ͬӵദºҶ׳𨲻ǸˡȻϿͺЦӣʵı˭ڣʱ¶һ֣˼¡
˵ģֻƾڶʱ̫վȽŸ˵ֶ˵á漰棬Сǲǽġ
ҹǳҶⲻ֪ϼװܱʼ飬ж켱ˣ̲ס˰
̫ûˣ
ǻᶼץס̾Ȼ̫ӵ߻ô꣡
ĲˮûˣһȺ˾ȻܸŲжڹǾ䡰쵼ϳ쵼вת
̫ûˣ˵ȥֱ̫ӵĳ裡
𨲻ɫ̧ۣƼ˾ȻΣ̫ӵıȻտҲĶסˡ
Ϊ֪Ⱥ챳鳼˵ֺ̫ӡƨˣȺ˾Ȼ֪æȫһȺϺȵģ
һ̣ͬǵһصĲΣ
ȻûСû̫ӵˮȲϣ̫ˣ
ƽжˣʱԴΪСܵĽڲٱȽҪ̫ӵǿŰɡ
װûΪ̫ĵСܵϲ˹Ҳû
˵ŹʵѡҲǳûƼֻ̫أ֪飬λ̫еķ
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ȥȻ̫ӵƸԼ˱ˮ
豭ˮʱ̧üµɨ۳𨡣
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29 
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һֽҳͿһһ̲סڵ󳼺̣̫ûɫˣ
ֿĻᶼղס Ȼ˼ڱƨ
ʱ˿̳Ѿڿҿƨվλ 鳼ĳˡڿͬôú ȻԼҲǲѶΪ֮
ͬ¶ôû Ҳû취
Թ԰ ֿʼĻˣżͬͼݣ ŬԼμӻļ
ͶĿ⣬װûҪϴĸ棬ˣ

Ҷˣ ĳӺܹ֡
û컬࣬ Ҳû͵˯ ʮֲƨ衣󳼺̫ʱ;̲סüΡ
л λ󳼱׷׸˻ؼң ҲװģԼǱһˡʼǡ ׼°·
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СҲ̫ˣͳΪ̫ӵĸ̫ӵǷ
⼸У ʮа˴λ÷ ߳ȥҲӽĴ
뵽⣬ ҲźǴȳʹҲȶԷڵߣȴûܰסᡣ
ҲԼϾ˺ҲвģôĺڵȷʵǰѵһҲ֪̫ӵǱʲôɱ˫ۣȻῴ컬Сӣ
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𨲻ûͶĽĿ⣬ҪǴǰһܵ⿪ģȻԺֻʣ֡
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ĬĬͷõķ꣬΢Ҳûʲôθڣ϶ʳ
Լ˵ϲԷˣ̫û˰ɣ
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Ŀɿڴš
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ͷϣڴҲû취顣˭ôϻ۳ͣʹվλм䣬Ҳڸǲǹʡ
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ĪԼһͨ˵󳼱һһ㶵ģɫǺ죬Ҳ֪Ҫη𨡣
ֲôҪܲܺͶԷԼҲɣ
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󳼶ʱлףЦɫؽⳡС粨۵ס
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ЩãȻɰͰ͵˵΢Ӧá
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Źʼǽ̫ӣ㰲˵һԡ
лӹɨۣһҳֽ϶ЩֵֹĶصĶߺᴩֽϵСϪ̫Բж˸Цмó޷ֱӵ
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ɨۣһЩʲôڿԼ͹˶Է
վлŹҲûסģŽżɨۣȻҲˡ
Ҳͯģ⻭ǵʱƷȲϣȻҲ˼
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лҲֵĻϾᡣ˹غֽҳƵŹ¼;вܱʼ飬Ϊùȡ
лڱϻĶ޵Цһ
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˼΢ȴɫֻԸϲˡ
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𨿴ж⣬ûס飬ŵõǺסʱϺȻһˮͬʱĺ󱳡
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һԵ̫ˣɫΪԼҵ±ڵӣЩɶǸϾ׼㰮ԵĲˡ
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ǰҲ̫ӸʼʳŸϵķߣ֪ӺʳԼϲķˡ
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𨰵ԼݵǲȰˣûθڣҲԡǰĲˣܶȴҪװԼһ㶼ԡ
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30 []
ԽԽ ҪеĿˤˣ֤Էľģ
һ룬һûȣƵĿϣ 
һʱ⣬ ˵Ŀⶼ𨡣𾪵ɴۣ Ŀֺ̿ͬ飬 ⻹ǵһ̫Ӹˤӵ˰
лҲתۿ 
ĬĬְѿӼȻ󹤹طϣ ΨΨŵŵ˵ֻֻ
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ѰҲԸⱻƭ ˵ˣǻСЩľ »ᵱ ̫ȴֻǶƮƮطŹˡ
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ҡҡͷʵΪҾãҲࡣ
ԱߵŹ仰ɫͷࡣ
øӣƨĻſھؼ˵̹ϣͺôģ
ѹĴζ̫Ӳȴȫˣſں˵˵ı±˲ˡ
һκŹЩĲͬȻǴ˼ɻر˵Ļ
Ȼǰܶ˵竣ɳһֱţر㲻κˡ
ʶ̫Ӻ졣ԼˣʱԼ̫ӵĽɫ˼ԼǶԷܷһ˳ա
ĸʡҵֵܡӾ𡭡
˼ú󣬲ŷ̫Ѿһжáÿ˶һԾ̫ӺʶԼ֡
ֻǵ֮̾Ĳ̫࣬Ӳûκμʲ֮顣
ϾԼ׷ĴãСҲźáֲ췴̫պǻֵַĸӾͺˡ
ԳʱǺϵģǰƨҴȫͬлһ֪ԷС
˿ϲģοˡ
꼡ֿγеӳԼӰ·˵ԼҪޱȡ
Ĺ𻨰ڣʧ
лѹõվ޷ơͷָ⸧ȴܺá
ȵϢߣ޵ǻδ£ʶһŷȵĶ䣬𾪣Դﶼʺš
ŵʲô
˿벽Ķлһܿһ˿
ɿ֣۵׵ⱻ۽ڣɤף²Ḻ㡣
ۣĿİʲʲô⣿
Ʊ磬˿ȴǱŵЩ˵ˡӦʲôŷԼƨƫˣ
лעβһԡ
𨱻ĿⶢţƺҲ׽鲻ˡھǺڡö˶˵ȥƨ
ⶼʲô°
Լӱյ챻ҷ̫ƺ̼иһĴ㡣
ĻŵһŬ򶨡⽫Լĸ׺˵ĵǵл˳˵Цϴ˼ǣ֣˵ǿвĵطع
ЦΣ̫ӲҪԼ̫׽ʹǾ֮ҲҪ־룬ͬʱҲޱԼԵ²ûв֮ġ
Ŭ㷴ǣԲᡣϾٻҵûϵ˵µ޷صĴ¡
Ҳǳ˼պп̫ͷɡ
յĻӣضгƵ۵Ұģʹµ̫Ҳ⡣ڶռҵʱ̣ȻشɶԷûΪˣ˵׻л̡ᷭ
ҪͷΪ̫Ǵʲôţ̫ӶվʲôϢ
лȴ·û֮⣬üŶ˵ʲô
̫ӵ̬ȣƺװɵɻˡ
˿ڿˮСˣ΢Ե¾޲֮ġ
֮ܳǰжᣬжţɸþܾʱһ㶼ġϾֻ뵱һɹСܣɴûҪ̫Ӹ
Ļشлۣˣ
˾ô֮Լһж顣
һʱ䣬лЦ
ҲЦˣȻԼлҪһЩ
ЦЦ˹˵ֻң͸ƽҺɰҲʱ벻չˡ
ܳ˵ʵڵװɵöԷºŪȥ
֮һ׮׮һܵи˵
˵ŮӱضĽң˵һղ˼ΪҪһжᡣӣõúܰ
л䣬ǺЦ̼¡˵ˣȻŭ
л䲻Ǵˣ෴κ˶Ҫʱ𨲻ΪģֺãЩľٶʹԽԽ
ڿķӦԼǰĲ档
ỹǶԷǰ򣬴˿̵ĳȷʵǲٺһˡ
ʶлֻջƽһαòģ˴ݣ踰һӡ
µ۳Ǽѻȶȣл䲻ѡ
Ϊ߸ϵĴҪ¹лɱȨʲô֮
䱻˳о֮磬ȴȻǸҰļҡ
仰˵λеһСֻ˸óƣŻչָˡһ档˱䣬Է˵£л̵ȥŹ֡
ִ黰ѿڶȴ䡰ֱСĵ
Ϊƭ˵л䣬˿֪
лעų𨣬Ϊ֪ȴȥɡԸٿ𨣬
лϣ鵭Ȼ·𷽲ŵûзԼҲûбܾ
ղűŵòᣬԭĽҪճ仰ʱ˿æ鷿ܣеҪ޳
һ룬ͣסš
ԡ
תؿ̫ӣҫлϣ°ӰŰͦ
һ˲ˣߡ
뿪̫ӸԷܴ˴ԭ˽ѡУԸҲлѵˡ
̫˽֪¾ӣûκ۵㡣ȴһ꣬´ȥǼ𺦡
̫ӵڵ֪ºΪ˷ֹѲ̫ӵӪĳйܣ᲻һдԶ졣
ʹ̫ΪŹպŸȥǻԷضͬһΪԶܡ
¹ػλԹֵ֪ǽӷĿ֮УĿ൳ΪɱѪĽ䡣
𨲻ʲôɵͶ̫ӣô׼ҲӲС˵ľĺͺݶ
ǲģҲƣɴô˻Ͷ
Ȼȫ֪̫ӵѹ̫ϣ˻ӣʵ۸ǶԺʱ̫תͶӣ˭˲Ż
ˣҲ֪Լܲô˵ٴڶʱλĸ
Ҫǣ𨲻̫ӳΪ֡
̫Ϊ֣ܶΪô࣬ȷǸҲǼõˣǿµĶ֡
ӲС̫ӡ̫£ҹ飬ޱԷֶıԺǣλǰΪ塣
̫ӼѾǰ϶飬˿Ըϻʵλá
Ϊֹһ̫ͬӵֵӵˣûһԼҲΪһԱ
۳ǰǵֺл䣬ò¶ֻˡ
ڰĺڹҲñ˰
ͨ㵱ϣ˼Ҫôڲظղεľ档
ݣ֪ղͲܾôֱˣҪôԲȥ
л䲻ֽĹġ鷿ʼûдü֪ˡ
мǣĳ˵ԼһˡлΪߣ֪״йؼ
ʹ벻صշת˼ʱס
ֻҪףһ
ֻҪȴ·ŵĻİ
Ƿѣл䲻ں
ֻںܷõ


33 
ʱת˲ţ лĵĹʱĳҲ˵ǡ
عжӢڲضԵµİ⣬ȴû뵽ȻӲµķۣ
л䵥ձʣ ̧ͷ °ȻŶ
Ϸ װ鶯ݱûס ǽҪôˡ
лȻף ΢ЦӲ˵һж𣿡
棬ε Ҫֻȴֵ̿˵£Ĵƣ ŲòѹеУ
룬 ˵ο֪ݱ΢ ûҪ͵һֻԶԶϵһֻۣҪúã Ҳ㡭
ô飬 ô˵İ鰡ҪԼ ضҲҪΪⳡж
ھԼµĺ ̫֮Ĳ࣬ ӶȻˡ
û뵽лȴǰط
עų𨣬ζʮ㡣λ߸ϵ̫ӵƺĺ
лĲ˵ľֱһֻס Էֻǳǳգ ȴԼѵͽŸС
л⣬ ɤЦԹű֮ãο²£ʲô
ûץŷų˵᲻ţҲûмʶԷͣͺѶϤһУԷԲԺͻɡ
ָ⸧˷δɵ飺ӲҲ˵ϲĶô
޵ڶϣڳĹ𻨸⡣
仰л䵱ݸԥʱ𻨸ѯʳʱԷĴ𰸡ʱ´лж͵Ծһֲ
Ī⻰ʮϤ˶סˡ
ǰôû̫ôڣ
鱯ߣŭԡлע΢΢üʵôˣ
װȥˣ棬ʵ΢ǿģ̫ˡ
˭뵽ŮװӺڻø̫Ӹ
Ҳûпǹɴ˦ˡ
æµ£òն쵽̫ĸλáŷûжãóһͷʵ᲻á
̫ӵĿȷҪͷأҪȨеΡΪйϣ͵ͷҲں˵Ŀܶʱȡĳɾ͡
˵ǸͶߡ
Ѱ״һ֡ȻвңɱʲôҪ뷨Ȼʼ׷թջһϵв
Բῼôְ࣬·ҪȨ⿼ۻ㣬ôΪ½ƫ档
лҲ֪ҰĺԸ񣬲ŻΪֱӱһѡ
뵽Լʱĸ˲侲ˡ
ǸҲǲУ
СܵãһҲԣ
Ҫǣ֪̫⣬ʹڻδȢޣպΪ˻λȹҲһع;ʱ˱˳µطֿԼȫԽ⵱һûнֵ
̫ӳҲÿ̸Ҳ
ҧ˷̫ȱףʱ˵ԼҪ1Կֲ
ʱĳ𨴿ͷŮװˣԼûе1ĵ߶ˡ

鷿󣬳𨻹һƮĲʵС
ʵֵһСܵĿ꣬ûñְĵش¬ںǻ
Ź쿴̫ӵľ
̫ͷ·϶Գ̬ȹϲϲӵóԸ¶Ĺذͷһݣ
֪¶Գӵֻ֮꣬ǰ֪ǰʲôδճɾµóԸŹʲôˡ
֪ǱĲǵµġ֮ĹϵʣسҲٶض̫ӵ£Ҳźùˡ
ŹѾʼδеĻȴû١
ϲȱ´ͷ
ǿһЦǿסԷһٵĳ嶯
Ź⵭̬ȣͲʲôֲСͽԼô飬𨻹ΪԼص˸˶أ
ó޷ܵǣŹ֪£Ψ֪ôҪ飬û֪ͨ𣿣
뵽⣬ҲԼĸѹú̫ӱ־룬ʱһæ쵼ƨɰƽŻͣĲʺƨһٵش
ʱΪСرɹûнĸѷϣΪǴС֣ĵ˵Լ̫Ǵֵ飬Ǳ롭
ȥֵ飡л䣬Ұ㵱磬ȴҵţ
ҭԥãȻ̫ʵǰδ˵ºз硭
ھ֪̫ӵǶѾʵ֮ǰȻûҲ̫ˣ
һʧǧźޣ֪̫ӵºԷߵĵһضͻעⱣȫҲڴʲô˼ڲͷۡ
̫һЦζӺ󣬵²֮򡣳ӷģµֻһˡ
Ϊ̫ӽ̣հڵߣˡ֮ǰ̫ȻҲٸŮӽӴֱģ
˻һ˶Ҫըˡ
ԭΪ̫ӵؼõĶ䣬ȴû뵽Է֮ǰֱĲֱǰ·ˣ
Ϊ˱ȣҵҵСܣÿշ谾ƽæǰæ󣬾ְȴǰ̫Ӹˣ
ֱǶԳСְҵĵ裡
ôһ˲䣬Ҫ˻ؼֵˡ
ʵճ鷿ʱҲҪҪֱӺ̫ӾѣԼɴ໻Ͷ
ڴ̫е֪̫ǱԼ˵󣬳ǳ׷㡣ϾѾ̫Թһθͷˣ֪ӣ᲻ĪѶԷ˰
𨴹ͷɥجج֪Լô̫Ӹ뿪
ССԴУšҾȻ̫ˡԲҺţơѺͦ˧˭1˼롣
صУȫ˼ɥӣЩţôˣǽʲô𣿡
ţĪֵ̫ӵ£
ӳ̫ӵ󣬿˵ǽڽڸÿδ̫Ӹ뿪⡣һôͷɥعңǱС˽ѵʱ
κƼˣҲŽǲǳ𨷸˴̫
ֹ˵
̫ӺǻеĻܣٶһֻ֪֣Լ˭˵˵ˣý²˻ɡ
ھǺڣǳڡ
ʱԵһҲƨˣ
ʱôģȥ̫ȥƨƨˣô˵Щ庬ĻǰԼûʲôл𣬲ŷ־Ȼ
ºˣֱӰ̫ˣ
Ҳ˵Ϊʵţ̫ӵµڶûͨŮɫʮϺУԼòҲǺܺ
òУȴֻǿװϲӣⵣˣû£·ϱ˽ţеѹ
ˣ
Ҳжһ᲻ţǲŵġҲ׼ˣֱӻطϢ
װô£𨱾ΪԼܻʧߡϴӾ˯ˣ˯ر㣡
˯һڴش¼ѣָЩԪ
飬ֵ룺ԹرţرܻʵõĽɫõˣ඼ʵ۴ţԼֻǰ˰ɡ
ô룬̫ӵڴûɲ֪Ů꣬ŻᱻԼһʱԻ󡣵պӣ˵ᵭ˶Լĸ顣
ڵʱ̫ӵ»ôԼ᲻Ѿû˼ˣ̫ˣ
Լ쳤̾ⶼǸʲô°


34 [һ]
ΪһϸĴˣ ܷ鶼ҪȥʹԼĶͷ˾ˣҲֹȥ̫Ӹ
չӼã𨱧һǰδе̬ʰܲԴ̫׺ һҪƨɵнŸС
ڹӼò뿪Ƶ̫Ӹʱ ԶԶϲЦտ˵ʲô
ԣ ԭĳҲ˼ֺ档ôҶĵ飬 ˵ҲῪһ㡣
Ȼ𨲻ţ ҲԼȷʵе档ʱеϲ飬˵ܻһƵ顣
𨵱Լ̫ˣ Сܹȥ̽ͷ˶˫ִ䣬ԡ
Ȼ̫ˣ û䣬 ұתҪȥȾƣ ׼ɢ뿪ˡϾЩ²Ż̫Ӹ飬Ҫ°Ϣˡ
ۿҪߣ 𨵱סԼĻɣ æʵˣ ʲôأ һ
ɱקס һӣôˣ
ǰͻɹϵ·żļ䡣Ǻ֪Ϊʲô Էƺ˵ף ܾ󻧲ɱ㽥Լˣ ÿμǶ㿪飬ֵúܡ
ٺ̫״æ̫ӵ飬ҲͽûܶԷˡ
ֱڣȻһܸоɵķӦ֡
ۣɵ̫Ӹôо㿴Һ鰡
ʣɺˡ
ܲΪԵ֮ã˽¸ܸ̫óӱ̫á
ɺ³֪鷳
֧֧᲻˵пȥˣ˵ΪѱʲôҲ֪Լˡǰδ̫ӸƼ㵱Ȼᾪȡ
λȨأ֮£̫ӵܹȻǺˡϴΪһãݺͺúͬˡ
һعӼŬȥˡ𨺬ŪȥʵôģǷʲôˣ
Ϊ֪û̫ӸȺ˹ֿʼСżˣк¶Ų
ҪǴǰ϶ֱȥ̫ˣԸЩ˷ѿࡣֻҪŬػƨɣͲȥ鷳̫ˡ
̫ӵҲǳˡϲ㣬ദ˴ҶϰˣҲûлĽڡ
źӣ˵̫Ӽ顣
£̫Ӽô֪
ԭȣıһ¶ϻʵǸСĴθڲѣ巢飬ҽ˵λᣬҪƽľ򳤴»Ӱ
ϻʵȻλϧΪԴڶɴ˿ɼҪġ
Եõҽκ˦׼Ƽȥ𹬱ǽ̫Ӽ
ʵ֮ǰҲˣÿʢʵ۱ȥ̫ڳ೯Ȼϻʵۺ̫Ӷ̫Ӳ㲻ϷȨöԷ೯
λӼ೯ķ涼޷Խ̫ӡϻʵҲǸˣΪ˸ɴҧȥйˡ
ȻʹˣҲȷʵȡΪ˶ʮһʱ䣬ϻʵͣձ㶯ˡ
ʵѾˣԴǹٺǼжڳϢڳ߳ٶࡣǰѧϰ̫ӵйϢҲͲ֪¡
ȻãȻ⣬˶ʱˡô飬𨻹̫ĸأȻ¶ע
˰з˸ۣ̲סбģӣ治֪̫ӵΪʲôˣ
ûȺ˵İۣ˼̫ӼϢˡ
Ϊı飬̫Ӳǰ峯һֵܵĵϻʵ뿪ν̫ӵµһá
ǳᣬǲǿԻȥˣ
Ȼ˵ǶóЩ־־ǳڼдЩʫȻ̾ﶼ췳ˡ
𨵹Ͼ˴뱲ӵĹ˵ûûˡߵͬºѶڼ٣ϳ˸ĺûʵȨ⻹û̫µĳ⡣
еֻе˲ᡣ
ȻֻǴǹ٣ûбᡣλҲֻźûʵȨʲôáҪΪʲôôӵܰ𨣬뷽跨ӪҪһ·ء
ֻ󲿷˶ѡƾٿ٣ΪأŲòͶ̫ӵĪ̫һ˶䡣
뵽⣬еˡ
ģԼе㴫档
˵˵ȥǵ취Ūȥ
ʱΪ˾Ŵǹ٣Ϊ̫ӵ²Űӣ붼Ϊ̫Ӱ̫ӵ೯ȨգȥӦòѰɣ
ԼҪ󲻸ߣԺеûÿ賿ʫˣ
˵ɾ͸ɣҲûЩģܻȥ̫ˡ
鷿ʱ̫ӵڸ¡̫ӸǼͬҲѵϲɫ
֪Ϊʲôġ̫ӼȺϻʵ۲ĵһʤ
ʱڣ뽫ʽöԱΪ࣬Ͻʡල̫ӡʡеж̫ӵˣȻҲͲڼල֮ˡ
̫ӼʱȨ֮ҲΪʲôϻʵ֮ǰӲŶȨԭ
˵治Ļϻʵ岻ã̫ӵǻλָտɴŬôã̫ӵܲ
ȻҲû£ں̫ı֮ǰʵ۹õ̫ӵ£׼ô˻̫ӸϽһԽˡ
ȻҲС˼ҲػǵȻȽҪ飬ֻ˽ѯ̫ӡ
鷿Թһԣ̫Ӻ飬Ȼ
Ȼ̫£֪Щ飬ɵ׻ûнΪ٣ЩҲﲻʲôæ
ķʱע⵽̫ӵϵŵĺɰʮ죬ϸһԼһ
ǸɰȻ뵽̫յ಻֮Уһɰ
̫Ӵǰֻ񣬲֪ʱ˸ɰߴ󳼻ΪãǷļСӸͶϣ˽
˰²ŹŮӣ²ͺɰ˭ԼǲúҪ̫ˡ
𨵱ʱһ꣬еȺ̫ɵˣֻΪͺɰŮӣûпǾϻۻǵ
ڳףԭд඼ŮӸǵͺɰδйӸͺɰһ˵
ֲõʱ̫ӵյɰ񲻶ԾĿ쳣ᡣ
𨵱ʱΪǶԷжֵ飬ΪմմϲڿֱǸ˲Ű
ɶǣʱȫˣȻûһҪǳ֪ĸʱȰ裬ȴΪһЩԭûᣬƻơ
Ѿ˶֡ȥ̫ӣ˵Լֻƽûκκ壬ƶԷҲš
뵽⣬˫̲ס̾
Ȼͱ̫ӵˡл䵭ɤºͣӡ
Ŀ£Ŀһ¿𨡣˫ִ䣬Ųæװһʵ˵ӣ£
лҲûں飬΢Цһͬϳ
ɵˣҲɵˡ
֮ǰʣû뵽Լȴˡ𾪺Ľ񣬱ŲµǼˡ
һڴӦ˳㻹ϲ̵˾ƨӢ䣬ܸͬϳ΢飬û뵽лʵ֣΢ʵ̫ˣ
Χˣ
лҡҡͷЦ
УֻŹ
տӶôԸӣǰʱ仹ĴӶ̫ӣҪһɢӣкô˵һ㶼ᣬֱؽ¡
Ȿ£Ī̫ӵУҲǶˣ
֪˵뷨ȫǾб˲ռ˵Ҫ߲մ׳ˣҲΪǰ̼̫ӵˡ
˱ܿ뿪ҲϧѼ涥ͷ˾һԿţҲֻ·С˼
лЦЦԽС鲻ƽЩ
лɨŹԷͷˡȳʱ㷢ټֻʣ̫ˡ
е״ﾯѸ죬ӵΣվ
ʱǳšֱͦ˫ַϥϣǰδеĶƽʱ¶ûô
лСѧһؾϣ˹
һɵˡ
ϣŤŤ󲻿϶²̫ðɡ
лüôˣ
ԥԥ˵ǹйжڣᣬʲôõԱ㲻ˡ
ȫǻһغ˵˵ˡ
ȭԴǵҵûϵµҪΪõʲôõѴ̰
лбαôװģ˵ҲеȻˣǳԡ
ֻǰ䣬ͷϰԴ˵öԣйı
Ӧл仰еĺ󣬱㵱סеĴϲ£ں
лı飬οһ𣬹¾ûҪ
סǣؿһ°
㲻ҪˣһҪ


35 
ϣ ²϶л̾ȥɴԼǰǣֳȥ
ָ ʮָۡúܽ ̫Ӷвǿƣ ֻܸ ಽسȥ
һκϴ̫ǣĸоȫͬ ķ̡
лͷһۣãȻ⣬ εŶѣʲô
𨻹ǵòǰ̫һԷʱķ粨 ɿܾ˲ˣ 
׻˵ů˼ܵĴԱɫˣ ̫Ӷʲô˵˼˳ô죿
ǳС֮ģ Ҫ̫ǰƣ
컹ˣȻֻǶ ҲĻ֤
Ȼţ ô˻ὲлԶֵ˱裬 ɤ ӵζԹĻ죬ƽ
Ŀɿڴ촽ſֺϣûа
лĿɨ񵭵˲ĿڣУұУ
ʼԼ˵˵ı죬 ص΢ԵУ Գ²ͬ죬 硣պദǸпڵµȷòԵĽΪдʫһס
лüȻд𣿡
ҧûУҲᣡ
ʲô˰ǣȻԼдʫ
лջۣź´ζ
𨣺ǰôû̫ӣ
ȥ̫ӺȻһʱֳдһȻϿҵԷü𣿡
лЦˣʲô
˵ҪдҲǹΪд

̫Ӹغ󣬱㽫ԼҪ̫һϳϢ˴ңȻӭ𾪵Ŀ⡣
Ǻ°
Ϳ˫ֺʮȵǵ飬ʵ岻ã˵Ҫûˣ
Ȼô˵˺ܲãϻʵۿĳˡմ˳һٰӣȫҶѵ
񻹼ǵ¹ͷͷѪĳϻʵһøжûС
ֻԹעϻʵۣܿ콫ע˳ְнϡ
𨲻߿ƾ٣Ϊ迿̫ӵЯȻҶ֪ɾ̫ӵǻжʱգ˭Ҳ֪ڼᷢʲô
̫Ըֳ𨣬˵óΪٵ뷨ȻǸϢˡ
Ϻүϲ֮࣬ʵ̫ӵΪλȻҪϳ
ҲãȻ룬˵̫ˣ¾˲ŲӦñûɡ
ˣ
Ȼ̾ҺʱͶ̫ӡ
ͿҲ̲ס³㣬򲻿ɹ
ҭԼ᧿ΣȻ˵ˡµ̫ӵ£λӾͺǿˡ
ϸ룬û̫ӵ±ȽϺãҲĬ˵
˷ܵȫУΨϷԾɡ𨣬ԥ̽ʵĸʵ͵µô¡
ĬĬᣬȴ̹Ȼشĸˡ˵Һ͵Ǵģ
ϵҲǴİɣ
ǳ顣
Ҳѣֻ̫ӵڱˣ߸֪࣬ȫ˶ñͷʹޡ
Ͼʱ̫ӵͺɰͼ׼඼Ǵһıߣû˲ԡ
룬ȫ˳ĸûһˡ
뵽⣬̲ס̾
üͷ˲ԣʶԷôˡ
˵̫ӼұûлٸԭְȻҪȥϳ˺ôȻȻͲˡ
𨻹Щ˼ûְλŪڶӦòѣϾһϳ껹̽ء
Ϻүü̫ˡ
ŮûϹ֪еĹءǸ̫ߵĸȫΪ̫һϳ
ͬǡǺѻʵ۵ˣ൱ڻʵǱ߶֮ûʵ׿ϣⱲӶٻسá
ҲΪʲôڵ֪õ̫Я󣬺ϲԭ
Ͼϻʵʮ궼ʹ᳤õԶȨģֱ̫Ӽλ־Żı䡣
𨱻һͨҲԼ̫ˡȻͬѾǹˣλǳûʶĿ
ϺүҳûῪڣŭ̫ӵ£Ҳ֪᲻ֺû
뵽⣬ҲپԼܻسٵˡƲеʧ䣬Գմǰϰߣ̫Ӽ࣬Ҹ㽲ϵ顣
еʧΪ𨻹Сʱ仹磬ʲôû
˵ʵһʼߵڣǳϡ
ҹ򸾸Ϣʱ
Ϳڴû˯תͷɷۣ֪Щʲô
˶Էһѣյ£
̾
Ϳۣõ̾ʲô𻹵ƹٰɣ
Լ´æ͵˵ֻ飬û緶ΨФһţڲ֪档
ͿжʱЩοԺͬʱΪȻЩɷ򲻵־ڼҡ
̾תͷɫԥЦסԷ֣ʲôѿҶϻۻҸ˻
ͿҲ𴽣ͷ񣬲Ծ뵽ŮյķӦ˵ӳˡ
ֹ۵˵պԺҪءʵۻţպ̫ӵǻ˵ܻȥˡ
ͿıۣԸΩԸҶ⣬Կɵãǰ̹
һ࣬Ҳδ˯
Ȼ𨻹ûдԼݵתӦ죬ѾѸٵԼְҵ滮ˣ
Ҫ˵ûн겻أŵСܵΰ룬м鳼츳
ǵõȫ˿̫ӵʮдԼһְҵ滮飬ȷҪ̫µһСְҵ
첻ԸСְ̫𣬰˾ˣﻢ²òʱԷ̸
ΪͷСܵ𣿵ȻûС
Ѹٵƻд˵ڶְҵ滮
̫Ϊû̫ȴһȢޡʱٲᳬλʱ̫һǻ񲿺λ󳼿϶˳öԷѡȢޣ
ʵ̫͸ȢˣֻΪϻʵ˽Ĳ붫ӣܿ£ŵ̫Ӷʮ˻һˡ
Ҫ֪ڹŴ̫ѾǴˣ
Ϊӻãǵǻ˻ӣȺͷ¡̫Ϊ˹ȶգ϶ҪȢ޵ġ
ʵϾ̫ҪȢ˭𨶼µˣ޷Щ֧е̫ӵѡ
ɲ̫Ȣ˭ֻ֪̫һȢޣԼܺͶԷֿˡ
ӣ϶ǲԷǣġ̫ȢޣҲҪȢޡʱ˱ȻȻϿˡ
ɲǳ룬ʷϲûлʵۺͳ購ǣ˴ϿϵָΪľϵ
֮ǰӦ̫ӣǴ뷨
˵̫ӵǻȤɢƽֺǰѣ˳ءʷֲûС
治ȨԣҲС
ôһ룬־ЩĳȻоɾʮ㣬ֿˣ

ڶһ硣컹ʰȥ̫Ӹˡ
涨ϳҲ賿ҡʱ䣬һʱȺ򿪹ţ൱賿͵𴲳ɴ˿ɼҲô׵ġ
̫ӼձӦڻʹеĶЪϢΪҪչ˳𨣬Ż̫Ӹ
𨵽ʱлڴᣬڶ̡
ŹСĵ£ˡ࣬õµȵģҲֻг͵ˡ
л侲߰ɡ

󣬹Ŵû·ҲֹȺϳֻܴ
лȺ룬ڶΪճ䵱ǽ̵Ľɫվ̫ࡣ
̫ӵ鵭ƾˣ˿ڷâȻƽʱҲ˾ηɽȴǲŭԶԶ˲ð
һĿбӣֱֱŹȥѸֳȡ
îʱɫȰ·ûˡŵ࣬ʵֻܿüٽˡ
ԼãһϳЩš
Ȼƽճ̫ӸϺλ󳼲ƴڻż䣬Ҳ֪µĴͬ
ڳ˼ʱлɤָҡ
ԥһ̣֡лûгɵסָʮָۡ
ûͣ²Ҳûлͷֻ¡
һ˲䣬Ĳ֪ΪκȻ
Ĳˡ


36 [һǧ֣ؿ]
һ˵˹ǰ Ƿ׷жлڻʵֳµĴǰչĴӪ
Ȼ̫ѳڹеӰ ڹһĶƶϵڼ䶫ܴʡ ֱ´﷢ļ
𨱻±ͽ䣬 Ƕ˳̫˰ţ ൱ڽ𨰲Ž˶ϵС
ſ ȺŶ򻺻̤̫ӶףǰڷŰ¡
վԣ 鼤̫Ӱִδ쵼ˡվڶԷߣλ֪
νȻԼλ˳վճѾһͨء
ǰϿ ֮Ҳྲ֮أ ѰȻᱻֹڳϿԡܲ˽½ͷӶֶǲģ һֻᱻ
ϳʱרŵľʷվһԿȺ ¼ҵǡ
̸ еùٵǾ군ˣ ٵһҪʮӣ 󻹻ӣ ֱӱ١
ҲˣͨԱ϶շ󣬵ҪˣԼͨһ
𨰵ᶨҪ購 Ӹʱ˺ܶס̫ͬӵϤͬ£ Ҳİĳǣ ڶǰӡ
˸ıһԪˣԼݺ͹ְȴûбȥͬϳʸ
ʧȥ˸ͱȨ֧֣պλԵˡҶΪ־ŲĴû뵽Էºֺܿصá
̫Ҳûй
ûǵӽԣڻʵǰԼź˺Ƿǡ
Ҳ游ı̫ʮаӦһӡ
毾Ӹ¿ӣպö϶Էۡ
ǰ緢ʱ۶ЩաͷݶӺȻܹԶԷ΢Ц
˫ͫУӳӰ
鲻䣬תۣȴһܸоԷѾ֪ıһֱˡ
ӾǴСǿһºԸԽƧо裬ӶԷ
͹Ȼֶβ̫ӣȴȻԼ̡̳֮֮رļǿ
Ϊ̫ӸӶ˼䣬ԷŻ̫ڹе˼ʱ³𨣬ʮӲˮشȥضҪȥֹ
ϴγֻﲻӱ˺ݶԷ֪ı永£ֶιֻй֮޲
˼£˷Ϊϳ˷ܣʮ򶨡
µĴ󳼼ˣɸ̾ƽѣؼʱȴԳȣǸгġ
ࡣŹǰһճµĻ
ǰ¡
ճֵúܡ
ӵɫ̫ӵǴ⡣
Ϊ̫ӵ£⼸Խ̫ӵ鲻׼ͨѳɳ̬ˮҪİڻΪǮǣ
̫ӼʱڣҪϱйĻʵۣ鴢һ˱ÿյҲϱ̫Ӿߡ̫ӵȻʮ㡣
׵̫ӵɫʮֳȡĸǿƣʮʱ㿪ʼֻʵ۶ѹһʽ΢Ĵ
վлԣ൱ڴߴһؿˡλ󳼵ü۹˾ԼվڽЩС𨶼Ƶ
ҵģȴǰʹл˰һ
ǰ´ľ޽꣬ȱڶʹΪ³Եʮŵһɺôǰ߰˰Ͻ͢
һǰνְʮ£һбǣ
ƨˣݽڶʹȴûط˰ˣֻűʡǡˮҪʮ
Ǯһ룬һҪԼ뷨úܺãνڶʹ̫ͬӵ׼ݵسǮϾˮԵذհһ罨á
˲ŷ֣νڶʹӰǮˣڷĵݵҲûǮˣ
ϱ񣬻ʵۻһڲˮꡣ
ҲǸˣһݸɴҲЧݽڶʹǰδʮ˰
ôȼĲǵغգݽڶʹ
ڶʹձȨһСҲҪǮôһ㣬δʮʧһ˰ƨ
ݽڶʹֱһֽ״浽͢ҪɣͲˣ
ʵҪενڶʹ˼Ҷˣܲʬɡ
οҶνڶʹΪ£յǱǮͷ˱£ȥҪ鵽ͷˡ
ճϣ۵Ǵ¡
̫ӵ˾ýڶʹ̫ˣһԲв͢ǹ٣Ǿͱˡ
ӵԼ̫ӵΪӦɣͬǰ˰ǰ˰Ͳȡ൱ڰ棬µľͲǺù١
ʵݽڶʹǼʮǰ˰ĺйᣬǳŵ˰ô࣬ԷѾǮ͢ûҪϡ
ǱʰǷߵıֻδ˰νڶʹҲܹʧ
ȺִܹΪɣȥִ
վ濴Ϸ˵ǽζ֪ˣֻûвۡ
ִ̫߰ӵºȻΪµΣ
̫仰ͺԴ۹ƣִͬʱͣ¶ԼͬؿϷĳ𨡣
Ȼձ֪̫ӽЯ볯ϢĿվ̫꣬ȻΪ˾ȡ
糯ǰֻ̣ǳ䵱ߵĽɫڴҶֱ˿µ˶סˡ
ڿϷ£ʶ΢Ȳλ󳼣˵Ŀ»ʧһϳԳûδϤҲ֪˵ٴϤ
̫ӶϵĲ裬ɤºͣ󵨽ǡ
仰ҿĿӲͬˡȻǶ֪̫ӿأҲû뵽ʱ̶Я
ĸǣ
ҲȻģ֮ǰĵǳ׷¡
΢˼ˮΪΪ񣬴ʱ»Ắġס
ټĵڣѻȸ˵Ŀⶼ׵ϡ
̫ϣ裺ţ
ֵγ͢Żῶңǰ˰νڶʹºôҲ¹س͢Ǯɲϡ
ûѾû˿ԲˡνڶʹвǹٵĻᶼᡣ
̵ã˵뷨ȻνڶʹǷ񹴽̰ۣϸ顣΢׾ı棬˽㣬·ı˻ݵأʱȡˮ
Ƴȣ졣³Ӳģ¶ȵ顣
Ϊֻ֪Ʊ䣬Թһϲͨȴû뵽ֱָģ۵Ĺؼ
֮λ󳼲ɵͷͬΨʵӵɫȴ޷ֱ˵
ڶʹòƲչҪ˽⡣˾൱Ǵӱ¿Ǯ
Ȼȴ޷ֱӷ𨡣ֱܲ˵ǮǱµģ㲻ܶɡ
˼ʱл䵭λΪΣ
ȺһϳΪ֮
лЦˣΪӴ˷ѡ
ɤȴû˸ҺԷִյİôˡ
ʵĽ飬λδز֪ҲǮ˻ʵֻۣܴӶԷ˽á
û˸˵еϵǣͬʹ̫ӵҲµӡ
һŭʬ˭᲻أ
𨲻¡һʼʹ·
Ҫӽֻڵʵ۵ĺࡣ̫Ҫ飬ȥ̫Ӳ֮ڿڵ뷨硣
̫ΪӺʹһŲûʵ۵˽⣬㼫ױΥ鲻ᡣ
ǳǡôؿˡ
̫ӵһ˲ԼµԷ뷨ֱ̫ĿеͺȷԼ¶ˡ
˿֪λãվסˣ
Լıֺ⣬µλҲ̾ѡ
ѾؼǱ£ȴ̸ܶĽڶʹ֣ӶﵽĿġʱ̫̬ҲδԽ
жȣӴǰ̣
ǹֶУ̫Яͼޱԡ˶ǻٳϺˣ֪ǰ̹СպԼԴøϿҼ֡
˼仯֮ʣ˳̫ӵµĻ̾ΪҿĿҲº͡
ڶ೼ӵĿޣвη۵Ŀ⡣Ƭ̣ܿ˱仯󻺻ۡ
һ֮£ˡ
Ȼһֱ˵Ҫ̫µĵһСܣӽҲ֪ȨʲôζҲûǸزοûС
Գһֱֻһ¶뷨
ǵһΣظ֪ԭָоԭζôá˶ҪԼԼվ̫࣬ԷĵƵü
һ̣һּĿкͲͬ
סȨζԶ޷ǡ
𨿴ĵطǰ̫ӹ˹Ȼ衣
лѾܹˡ
Ȼһֱ֪ǸˣǾԴԷһ
Ȩζ


37 
ף Ϊʲô̫ӻȻҪһϳˡ
վǰ߾ϣǳɹζԼûӵйʧȥҲÿϧǳԹɹζٸĻصǰ
̫ܿӵͼ ȴ
֮ǰĿ겻̫ӵǰһ ӼᶨķܶĿ꣬ һ¡
οǳλá̫ĸ ӽ ˿
û˻᲻Ȩơ
Ȼ⣬ҲͬȨûҰģ ͲŮװӣ˵ĸ̫ӵ˵ԹУ ȡı̫ӵĺøС
Ȼ˵⣬ ԷĺøкԼԤеĺøв̫һ ⲢӰһΪְнŬĴ˱ʣ

³̫ڶ Ϊӣ ͬһͬ빬
³·ϣ ˶Χų𨣺־ ǰ;ڰ
ӽվ̫࣬ Σ
٩ʹȤĻϣжľֻԼ֪ˡ
һãһãľ˸ƴ˹
ľ˸ʱ̫ةͿĸ磬ȴͶԷȻ෴۾ЩС ʮֻ顣
Χ קų˵ã ֶҪȥһλп𣡡
ȵû˵ĵطźӣɵҵĺֶӣǼҳӣ
;˾˹ϵԷģ̾Ϣϳһ죬Ҳ͵Щ˸֪ģô˲ţﶼزסϵĹԡ
˸ԺϤķ񣬻ܿĵ˵ҵʱ˵Сӿ϶ܻ
𨲻˵ȥȾƣȥ¥Էء
¥ǳļҾƹݡľǵ죬Ӧ۸߰һ̳ʮݵľƱҪʮӡ
˸һټңǽҲȥǳԣ
˾¥˸ʮִ󷽵صһӲ˺ͼ̳þƣóȥʱ游⼸̳ƣ͵ӡ
Цˣ˸Ĵָ˸ƣǲƵ̫ة緶ʮ㣡
˸ʮأ仰üë˲Ͳ۾ԵøСˡ
ͷԼ˱ƣ˵ǸƷڳмѻӣͱ𳰷˸ˡ
һ㶣˵˸ǳ͢١
˸ֱ̾Ӵİο䣬һǳ͢٣
Ȼȥ󣬴󳤹ʽ΢ԼҲĹٳȴûʲôŻڳֻ˵ƽƽλûء
˸룬СԳ𿴳пһƬгĹ佫ءƽﶼҪּмѡ
һӾͺܳˡ
ͨ˾ﶼеڶ˵ˡǱܲ顣
˸ҲˣƽʱЦŻãһüܷ̾۽ƣ̬֡
˿ڲˣζԺЩԳҵĺֶǲõЩˡú̫ĸӽЩ¶ǣϡ
˵ʱЩ˻ֺ㡱
˼λһ߶Ⱥ󣬱Χ֧ͬı䷨Ըıʿ͸ӹ
ʱʹԸ⣬ҲȻȻγԼĵɣȻĻȨٴ
ʵûôԶǾ仰ڽ֮ǰһֱֻ¶֪ԼҪӽȴûĸֱ̲صȨ
ͺ˸ȻԺҲܻΪˣ߻฽ӹĳ£ųˡ
뵽⣬¡
뷨ʵ̫ԶˣҲЩʵͳءˣתƻ˸ôǣ˾Ҳô߷ڵ˰
˸ˣΪȻҪǹ٣ڳҲѹ
ôһ˵ˡ
֮ǰһֱǼᶨıɣ˾Ȼ졣̫ӵֵʵ۱ȴǹ٣˾ڱеݾԵ÷ǳˡ
ǳãǣһȫ
𨲻֪ǣ˸ҲȥͶʯ·
ֻһƷС٣պõܹϳżҲûʲôȨȥִɵҲһԸɱǰ;಻УԼء
ö֮˸ͷˡһˣպŹɡ
ԼǰûʲôˣǷǳĳ𨡣˿̲ס²ҿ̫ӳСӡµǻĹزСûҪʲô
Ҳˣ⻹İʲôвУ
ʵûôԶ飬û뵽Ժ̫ӻʲôְλĹ١ǰΪҪԼĽڲ٣ҵϵ׷ͱˡ
ʵǸλǸγơָʡͳȨܴ
̫游鲼λߡĵλȫ˵ǳе֮Ȩ
˵뵱࣬ȷʵͦġ
˵仰Ϊߵ׾˸⻰й¶ȥ϶ฮˡ
˸Ҳеźӵеϵ׳ҿٰʮꡣǱ̨ϻʵۿɲһܰôá
룬ص黹ء̫Ӿ˸ְλ϶뷨
˶һۣ¼ûʲôˡ
ҲǵһϳԳоƻ̫ף˸ôһ˵֪Լˡеʧ䣬Ҳ˿
ʱǺѣǶԷ游ܻһ㣬ʱҲῪЩ˵ʵҲֻһ˵ûļ˸λõĵز
˸룬ָͷھôְλûϣˣҲ̫ӵˡ
;˸ǲŵģŵӰѳиְλְһ顣
˸Ȼͣʵô
ǳڳϵıԼ̫ӵĳ̶ȣţ˸ֹƷͶɡ
Ӵ
΢˼һҿǹɣλ϶ҪǨڻܳż꣬϶øŲλ
λ󣬻ûбλøٻǱᣬǹԼĵˡ
ԹҶæվأվӲС
ʵ۶Ⱥ֮䣬Ҳ費ͬʤλȻҪйĳӣԭռλõ˾͵øϽŲӡ
ιǱʵɡҲӵˣ̫Ҫεˣ³϶жá
ᵽ;˸ݡ
Լϱ̫Ӵȵľ̫ˡԺΪ٣Ҳֻ˾ѫͷӡ
˸Ҳң̾˵ҺгϢԺҾͿˡ
ԼȻٲûʲôŻǰ÷Ժֶ˵ǰ;ء
⣬һʱҲЩĸʱ˵竣ûǰ;ءΪ£ͿѴ󳤹Ӷˡ
˾Ʋ죺ˣˡϴӹǸϲαŪҴġ
ϴγˣ󳤹ණбһϲΡ
Ҳֻ˳٩ʵûôƽ¡
ݼ䶼иڽǸ£˳رļƷҴ඼ǳһܾˣϹͷŽء
ĸɺϻʵ۱⣬˾ҲǵŷſüΡ
Щ󳤹ùʱ̻ܶѹţ˵û顣
˾Ҳû·ϡӺüʮǰͿʼϾʱʱһܣмһѾϰ߲ˡ
ͦģų˵ˣԺ˸͸ˣʱСӼǵЯҡ
˵ţ˾˿ôңҶ֪Ҫôźˡǫ飬Цȴֵǡ
ٺ٣ԭǵȨζ
û˾أĿǰֻ΢һ£Ѿúˬˡ
ػظ··硣


38 
˵仯жأ
𨻹ΪԼȵգ ӶԼְҵȴԼǰ;ڰ
еӽĺܲǰţԼ»ˣ
毴˼Ѫûһ죬ڶήˡ
Ϊϳ̫ˡΪ˲ٵ 賿͵𴲣 ȻϵسŹ͢ķȥ
û˷ܺͽţ 𴲵ʱ򼸺ȫ־ ֹԼԺس ·ڴ˯
𨵽ñȽ˳Ķ顣ڶĩβ ˫ִ䣬ۡ
ľ飬ѾϤϳˡյ һ ˶ǰߣ һ·ϰΰѡ
˵ҲЩ츳˯·Ȼûˤ
࣬ ǸȺ̬ľʷ
ǱȺ磬 ˿ͷɴñ Ȼ ż¼ᰤѲӺ͵ʷٲ ȨȴСеļ¼ὫֱӳʱʵۣϵȺְнͿˡ
أ֮󳼷׷׶̬ ȷԼץסѱ¼ڲᡣ
ʷ֪ķʱ̾εǼȺᣬ ʷҪһ٣ ŪĻڣڵôҷʤ
ֻŪЩˣƫƫܽƽϣƨ¶ҪдһӡƫǵûʵأдҶǡ
Ȼ˯
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Ȼ˯У۾һ졣Ȼ󣬵ôҲ۵ġϳĴҲұֻûʲôʵʻŵġ
ֱʷ˳ǰż¼𨡣
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𨻹û֣ϳһ죬˼άȴѾ߱ζ
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˲ŷ֣̫ӵƺĺæڸ̸¡˻ߺҲûдӰǼͷ¡
һԿ˻̲סС¡
л̧ۣЦӲˣ֪͵͵˯顣
ӣ߷ߵ룺ȻǼʷԼ״
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С˼ϹôôأֻǾõ·ڹ΢£
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һתȻ΢ʮָмµĺ⣬΢ҲˣҪϢظ
˵ȴؼϢ̷̴ⷬоĿɿڴΨŹ죬ĵء
֪̫ܵù¶
лüǣǹ¿ǲܡ
Ӱϳһ飬ųǰչӼƿβѣʱпգⱾ󴫡ģʱæ鱳
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лЦЦˣ
ԥܸ˹һң΢ĸֺ֣ѵһ֮ãôأٰ˻ȥصϹԹá
Ѿȷˣлڱǰʱҽ˵ҪڹӼѧϰȻ顣


39 
С֮ĶȾ֮ Ϊ̫ӵڱԼŻӰ಻ؼҡΪ˲ÿ飬ֻڵУع۲вá
Ȼл䲢ûȶã һұʡ
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Ȼһ룬ע⵽Լ̫ӵʮָۡȻգ ڱʮ㣬лָЩʱܡ
ǰʱ״һ ʱ̫סΪ ȴ οڻ̡
ʶΧĿбӣ鵭 ͺ̫ӵºͳʮָ顣
ʱ˵ְҵ岻ѡ
ۿһĻ Щ˾Ȼô ԭô𣿻̫⽨˰
ۿ̫߳ ЩˡһҪѣ һʵ£һ֪ô죿
лŲͣƫЦŴȤ֪ˣ
ⶼĸ̣˭˶󵨶й¶
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ʵǳˣ̫ӵû̷Ҳڣһ˹š
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𨵱ʱסˣҲ̫ûɫ˰ɣӲ˲׷Ȼһ档
ʼСعע̫ӣԷţδ̬ҲĿʼԷ
ҪǻʹȷʵмˢӣһСĳԶˣһ롣
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ҲûŹС˼Ҳ
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ϻֻۣϲ͵ˡűȥʱں͵̸ʱΪ̸£±Ϊ˵
ΪһϸСܣ̫³𨱾ӦûǡȻһһæϳйص飬ö֮ЩԺˡ
ʵյ³ʱӦע⵽ԡϧʱĶЩ߰飬ûйעЩϸڡ
У̫һ֮֮ϣʹ鵭壬Ӧ˾֪ɽҹ
͵³ˣʹ˲ԣȴҲûصһʱ׷ʡ
³ʱ̫ӽȥһ˼Ҫ뿪ʱ²δЦ
ǺһֱϽӲ磬ִƲϵΪ˻Ҫ뿪ѹ̫ӶЦˡ
ԼˣԼȷʵˣʱʮֲ
ȻΪԼ̸̫Ȩ֮ƣһҪӦȥҲû˼˿Σ˺Է
סŲվڹǰǻŹ֪ʱѾȥˣعŵĿߴȥ
Ҫعֽȥ뿪ĲվмΪѡ
̾תˡ


40 
ظ ŷĸȥӵıõˡ
ڣźԡ߽ʱϷ˺ͿףһλŮᡣ
Ů䲻 ԼʮӡòΣ Ŵ٣ һ˫۴˿
Ӱ Ϸ˲˲ᣬ кرá
Ȼһͷˮ ǰֵرúá
չأԷᵽڵæᡣŮʱС ز֣̿ ûסĶ࿴ۡ
˿̴Ҷ˼ӣ һԵͿûע⵽㶯
£ Ůбױᣬ ֻ˸棬 Ծȥ
ʱ رҲŮΪõıԺã ۡҲɬŮԺĳвɺɡ
λȨأռع㡣ΪͿϲͻϵĳһƬ಻ĺɻؾ
ǡײһĻ ˼
 һɻ
ɻθߵͲ룬 мƬҶ׺һԽɻһںüΣڰ˸ÿĺᡣ
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ʱʱڼСʱȥѾ쵽Ͼŵ㣬ӻʹؼϴޣҪ賿ʮˣ
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лҲ⣬ѾˡЩ鼴ʹҪҲҪͼ֮
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𨱾Ӧһͨ׼лӦôˬ죬¡
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ŹڲԶ̺򣬼̫ʾ⣬ǰųӳ
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ŹͳȥʱлվڶſڣעųȥıӰĿ繡
еԽԽԶȻֶסţȻͷ°ƨߵ˻
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Ϊ𨿪ˣ˵ЩǰĻû뵽ȻЦ
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лЦˡ


41 
ϣ ǹģ
úܺãǰ˵Ǿ仰û˼ǵ̫ӵ´Ȥ̫ˬˣԷҵ
Ȼ ˵Ǿ仰 ̫ӵµЦݽʧ
뿪 뵽̫ӵ¸ӵ ڻ泩ӵ֪Լ̫ӵº һַһĿ֡
Ϳ˺·ĳȣлȴľˡ
Ȼϲ𨣬 ҲûǷһ뵽ֻ棬ȻлҲеʡ
һʱ䣬лҲ԰ˡ
ĺã һ·˹šʱ ϲ İʵͻȥˣ
ãȻȻˡ¶أջ糯 ٲȥ춼Ҫˡ
˵⣬ ѾЩˣ Ծ˸Ƿ
ζͿ๦ߣ ҹҲҹ²ͣ ڶЪҲ๡
Թų購иʵ۲岻ķ֮ǰҲûòεĳӺµ̫ӵϵ
û뵽˲ò࣬ӴϴŻ¹ͣȻСȽϻ档
һ㶣 ü⣺⻰ʲôΪ߸ְڣ ɲԼλ Խ֣
ǱſϷ̬̽һҪƳ¶ʱľ״û뵽ԷƤ߯񣬱ҴȻ˿¶ɫ
ãȻ٣Դ̹һʱҪԼǲ´ࡣ
ӵĿӳɨɡ
˿ûзĿ⣬̹̹´οɱ˵ֻˣԵСӵģ£̫ҹɫðأ
뿴Ϸ˳ץѱƻԺԷ
Ͼң˵ȥҪΪЦʱ֪֪ˣٲõ£̻̲
ƻȫȴϸտڣڶԷǰ˸ӡ
˸Ǻֱֲӷ𨡣⻰ͷ˵Ĳ岻Ǽ׷˵մȥıӶˣ
аʣȴԼ̨ף͵ˣ˵㲻ֳͣԣǵºͰ¡
΢΢һЦû˵û뷨
ǡùſˣǵȺͣĳɪҲûͶԷ̽Ͻؼ˯
˫ִУϳݳ󣬳ȴȻӳ̽ͷ
һԵһתڵİ˱Ƚ˵ĻҲᴫȥġ
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Цˣû£Ҳ̫мҶǺ̫䣬˵Ųӻسᣬˡ
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ڣ˿Ȳ裬Цһ
̽ΧۿĺϷ±Ӱɣ
ǸΪƮƮȻԡҲ룬Ǽ٣ڼֻỵ˳棬ҪǸˣ͸˵ˡ
³̫ӿв岻Ĺϵ
ѲԼ̫Ӳ߷簡
СǼЩ׼м£պʱ̫ǰ֮¡
ͼӴףֻʵ̫ӱ׽ʵЩ֪ߵغ
Ϊӣ鴢˽£
ڼ̫ӵ˽¶ҵۣǱȥǸ˵ݰѱ
ô֪ػ̫֪ȻҲͷȡֻʱ⡣
ٳˣһ̽䡣
Գ̾ûûţԷҲ϶ꡣ
Ҳ̫Է䣬ѶԷʲô˵ʲô˵еǽ½ҹ
ûȤȥԷİѱҲ˽̫г븮Ҳǧ˿Ƶϵǳ˿ãλû治һǶԷġ
Է޿ɾҩҪô鷳̫Լᶯִ
ϣ̬Си̾ԼǸֱĺ˰
һͷٳ۱Ȳˣһվԭ𨣬ֱֹ˼ʱҺ׼֪ʱžѡ
뵽֪̫ӵĺֱģΪõĶԲߡ
ȥûκζƽȻЦԶԣżʺ򼸾䣬ƴڻƽû
һͬʱ̲ס̾ϢӿŲŵʵʾˣѹ̫ܵءжԷһ˹ϵ֮ǰࡣ
һͷص
ǰ˽Ҳȥʱ
һ˯Сʱ㲻òȥϳԺشʱ쵼̸治˸ɵ鰡
ϵ÷绨ѩ컹óɱִָҪ̫ӵ¸ӹʣ
곯󣬱ظ˯˸˯ʱҲѵһ
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ĸɱ͵ɻ
ȳ˯ذʱ泳¡
߳ȥλرõŮڸִ˵ʲôأСͽ춼ֻժĶ䣬Ŀɲժģ
رվһԣżɻҲǴӼгժġ
Ц˵㲻˼С˼պǻҪժСѡҲмô࡭
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رҲǸӣƿŮǰˣ˵˲ǣ
ͿϷҲû֪ǲڼңû˸Сȥǡ
·˼ʲô¡
ۿҪˣǰң˯ţժˡ
ӣΧº͵ûи֪ңɢ˰ɡ
ӷˣΧ۵ĸҲ׷ˡλ̺򻨲ݵС˵Լĸ׽ͣģԷŸ뿪
˶˺ֶԹرõǸժʱҲû뵽ֳ¡
˼ұúúõĲϵһ죬ɱΪ˼УʲôӰ
رŮƢҲС̽ͷ𨣬ʵүǼС㵽ܲժ
С֮ǰڸܸɩɩĸϣ֪жˡȻϲһ죬Ҳժ˼ɻȻͱ˹ʵ
үʲôƺЦˣöԷɰ
ĸرøǰǸֳҲûʲô¡ӦǸ֪γƺҲ
СɰºͣȻˡպǱǺˣʲôС
ļ򵥣ĸʱȥ飬ˣҲֶŮĸȻҲԱúЩ
𨼡𪣬پ£Ц⣬һƬ׺ӳġ
СŮԼСֵôԷԺ۸ǡ⻰ʱ޿ָժ첻˵ˡ
ǹرÿų𨣬ϵ˵ллΧ֪ҵĽڣɻ治ժġ
˭Ҳúӣҹ˯κ͵ɻԸһ䣬Ȼ˰æǶóղǳԿŻͻȻðΧ
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ţŮҲԣȻдҹ㣬ôõŮǱȽټ
ԣЦЦҲû·תͷҲˡ
ⲻ֪һͷźɻںԼŮСֹñô
СŮҡҡͷ̾ϢС㣬һһëַˡ


42 [һ]
һ㶮ʲô ġ
СŮû仰ÿζ˵ġ
Сÿˣһһϲ˶ֻˡǵСЩãκӻ» Ϊ˻ֳ粨
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ۿСϼҴȥ岻ãǰôӣ ĸС˵˼ҡ
СûãүСŮ̾ ̲ס˵Сοɱ̫ˡ㵱Ӧˣ ˵úĸĻ
Ըʣ ûСŮȰ˵ĵסǰĸױ㶣۾ οɱᱡˡ
ĸ˵Ǿĸţ ѡˡҪҷ ȻҪҸԼǵˣ ֻĻ Ǽ޸ϲˣһӶȤý
Ǽжӣ˵̫ǰ棬ԼҪǼ޸ 񲻱ǸԼľҪ౶
鰵¶ģ ԼһҪʹֶӷˣ һѩǰܣ
СŮƼԼС⣬¶ϲ̵ĵ飬̲סͷ̾СֿʼˣҲ֪άֶá

𨻹֪Ͷ˵˼ڶ̫ӵ̸
̬仯󣬳Ժ̸̫´ʼĲ鲻Ըû
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ϱæͱĸýһֱûлΪʮŮӣΧͬѧʦΧ׷½ʱҲ档
̫ӵЩʱżһԼػУ԰û̸ź
ȻϸѵȡԼԱ𶼲̫ԣҲӰ̸Ŀ֣
ҪعӼæµˣϱ㲻ϳֻúȥ̫Ӹ
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¥ǳľ¥ƺã˵Ҳһڳʵķ˿ʱϲ˵顣
лȻȻʱϵǲ
һͬͬ롣ڹӼѧദúȻҲһ
һ㶣лЦЦǼ˵֮ãδԼȥƷͣ
𨶮ˣʵµ˼ǣȥ
л˼ԸȴֵʱԼãʱڿ¶Է᲻Ը
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ʱֳҪ
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˵˶֣ŷ־ȻǸŸĹӸںһҾ¥ִ µ˽гԭǶõ䣬ͳ˱ˣûô۸˵ģ
Ա߻żһͲǵСˡԶվλɫε꣬Լѡ
һ˻׷ʲô¡ԭǹӸѳԷ¥˰õ˱ˡҳ£Ӹûӣų
й˶ַ࣬һܻΡҶֲˣֻſĸù
С˴ͷãһԵͷǸûǮ䲻㡣
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û˵꣬ԹȺ̲ס˾䣺˭ôš˭˶øӣ˲ʴ۰ɡ
ԹٶҿϷҲһ⹫ӸһͺܲǣΧȺڴͷβĬĬԹϡ
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43 
ʱúܲԾ
ͳԼһȥԿѼ ڶĪ˸ӣúΪд̫ñһ١
ò״ӹӼû¥˵飬ڰ·ײ˶Լҡײƭĳлˡ
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Լնˣ Χ۵ԽԽ࣬ɴ𨺰˾䣺ฮĹΣ ǸұЬ䣡϶Ź㣡
˵ֿƹ׶񣺡ʱóӰҵҲˣЩ˿ֵģһҲܲˣ
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лת ɨһۡӣ װû
ԼԼ û֪
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ߺʱȻţֽ̫ܵ죬չӼ壬ұԼȥϷ
лȻפ㣬Цˣ˸˵ѧҵѣֲڿƾ٣ԭǲţڿ㵹Щɢ
ˣջԸӼʦΪ㵥ڿΡպʦᵥʱҲΪƾ׼
ʱ⧲


44 
Ϣ· ʱ⧲š
ƽڹӼ챻Ѿ㹻尾ˣ̫ӵ»ѩϼ˪ϢʱҲҪᣡ
û̫ӵ°ɣ
ʱ׼ȥ¥أ ڸûˣ һ·׷̫𰡣£磡
ʱʵЩ̫磬 ƽ̫ǰգ 綼гˣ ɼ漱ˡ
л䲻
ŹͬĿУСĬĬͷ
ô
뵽̫ӵ¶Գӵºͣ Լڶ飬ݡ
̫ӱܰΪʲô̫ӵ¶ԳôᣬԼأ
뵽𨣬 ʱתת飬 Ȼ˵뵽ˡҲҪɼҲֲ٣ ΪĺѣһϽ
һ һ
лһۣ ЦЦ Ҳаš
ˣ ȻԸ

𨻹֪ʱͼԼˮնģ ת뿪ֱֱȥ
ǸϺү̸һ²̽ǷڰдźˡȻ˿ڼ򵥣ɰ˸Ӵŵȴսˣ Բһá
Ϊ漰󳤹ľĸ ԷΪ 𨲻棬ֻܽ°иͿ˽¾һӸ磬׾˶Է˼
ͿʼϺүͳɫأǷǳʲô¡û뵽ԼҸŮϺȣŭ
Ů౼òײ˽յķ⣬Ⱥ۵ľȻ˰ܻǰ̣̫Ӻʥ֪ˣǻὫаŮŮͷϣ
ͿŶûԣվڵߣ˳ǣʱ꣬˾˼ҵķҪסˡ
ǲֹĸףܾĸ˾˵룬Ҫһ̬Ⱥźš
ȥ¡
Ҳ˵𨱾ͼоοڿƷ⣬ʵÿһСĽ
лиĵӣսӵ˵֪ض¡
͵ʥϣӵ˽Ż̫Ҳᱻۡ
У׼طϢ
ڹӼæµһ죬úһϷظָϺүһļƻʵûʲô
𨻹δԼԺӣڱؾ֮·ĳϼ˵Ⱥڴ˵Ĺرˡ
Ӱ󣬳һվסţ̲סüġ
Ѿһżˡ
һμʱʵλرúкøУЩϧԷ˫ײڣƸ۴Ѿ߹·ɼЩġ
ദλõȷʵ̫Ϊˡ
ԼĪǶԷյǼգԼΪ˵öԷ⣬Ӱǰʼرöǰδе顣
ԷʱԼ̸Ҫæϳ͹Ӽѧڼҵʱ䲢ֻ࣬ҪڼңرñҪ
رòɰ档ʱҳ軰μǣʱǺһЩйصķ顣
ʮŮаż𨱧ԹԼķգϷ˺Ϳ˼λŮӣ黭幤ͷۡ
֪Ϸ˵˼λֶŮںöԷڳҸ˼ҳޡڱڸѵء
رֻǸС𳤰ĸŹŮЩǷȱԲͨҪһ㣬˵ȥҲ
𨵱ʱûʶԡȻΪҪӣÿζҸģżҲӸԷЩʳȤС
Щʱ𨶼ѿһֳĽɫҲͿַ˿ñᡣ
ֱһ죬յ˱õĻһԷ
𨵱ʱòףΪԷСŮҵ˽ﲻˡԷһЩϵ˭ҵС㶪˼񵽺ҥΪֳ粨
һ˸磬Ҳûʲô飬ֻϿҵãȴ㵱ÿ˵ЩҲΪãϣ
ʱرɫܲÿù˿ˡ
𨲻ɵӣʲôˡ
ʼмҲܻأؼҲҪ͵͵Ϊ˶顣
ôˣҲǼˡΪŮȥԺӵȣڶԷıؾ·ż
ѾµκͶԷżˡ
ԶԶŹرõӰͷ̾׼ŤͷߣȹСʱٻԺӡľ飬ûʲôģһɫ˾ͻ뿪
Ȼ죬գ۵ĹԷƼˡ
¶Цգȹڳӱ磡ˣ
˻ûС̲סˣͷֹλС֪֪ߣӶ㶼㲻
ǳСˣʱ佫мҲܻصԭƵⶣȥ͸߿ͺүˣ
˵˵ЩʲôŮΪأ򲻵ѣǲϣִ
С˱ѵɫһףͷ˵ˡ
գ۵Ĺ򣬹ѾŮ˳ǰ
ЦݽΣίرԹӱ磬ڻˣþãŶˡ
ͷˡˣϴöԷ뿪ˡ
ۼԽ˵Խף΢΢üܵرպ±ȥҿʱҡҽջ£Ҫ̳
ջؼ׼ЪϢֵóȥҲ֪Ҫȥ
𨲽Ҵң˵׼תȥ̫죬رûͣڿС
ۼҪʧˣ˵ӱȵȣиĺɰҪ㡣
𨣺
ǺɰⱲǸɰ˰ɣ
űĵĺɰ鸴ӡ
ǰ͹һɰ̫ӣȻĪس˰̫Ӷ䡣ڵĳѾ֪ɰˣǾԲµġ
Ź飬̾΢ЦƾտκҲϲ㻹˰ɡ
⻰Ѿ㹻ֱףԸִĹ鶼˻еľܾ
ɴۣȻʵӱ磬㲻ϲ𣿡
仰ԭȵĳ𨶼סˡ
ʶŲƣûлӰ˿
⻰岻Ѱ˿¶ҪᡣҪ̫ӵ̤ˣ


45 
ͻС ĸֶڣִֻŮӳԿֲȢޣԷǺһӣ
ҶԷȷʵ ʱɥ ĸͶݣ ¡ϧԷ ػ˵ һֱͼܺͶܵİ취öԷ
Сˣûн¸Ϳǣ ϧûʲôЧ
Ȱ̫ӺĪһծľ ͷʹ
侲 ̾ òٴظǿرãҶûг֮뷨
ǳ棬 رһʱҲסˡ
ͷ ƽŶ ðɡȻƲֵջ֣ ͷҲصˡ
ıӰ ûϵôչ
ԤУرûŭذѺɰҸܵı̫Ƶˣȫûµ¡
𨶼ûüӦȰο Էʹ߿ˡ
ߵ ߵСŮҲ쳣ƽãȻ ذοһ䣺İɳӣҼСûµġ
СһһҲᳬһ¡
Ͷת뿪ãȻ֮࣬˿ֻϣ¾ʹ˽ҹ
ԶˣСŮ׷С㣬ʵС˰ɣ
ߺ˵ӱ粻ϲңҸˡ
ĸ˵ǧǧǧҪһϵж٣ֻҪңܻҵǰδˣ
СѾͷϤСӣͷ϶ûơ
ͷ㣬һϹأ
СѾͷȻСүûϷȫֶ֧Էʱææ⣬һɰͶ³ӡ
ǰүϾҪԼ˻飬СȥһƷв˵ǶԷָָȴС㡣
С㱻˶ˣΨвʣԽŮ޵úáǰһżĸеĹĸ취С˺ıС㡣
СѾͷֱؼңСҲӲһһҪԼСһӵġ
濪ʣҲûѱܾ·ĵףӾܾʱܲǰδˡ
СѾͷȻ˵˾䣺ͦõġ
ǰǸ˷Ӧˣֵ˾֪С㲻òСΧ׷½أء
һ߳Ҳ˿˱£Ҳ˿
ڶɵȥ̫ӸȻ㷢ĪλӡԼ๦ҵ
̫ӵ¸๦ΣӼʦ˵ı£³һԡˣþ׼
һΣܾ̾͵·ģ΢֪ѧʶǳ㲻˷ѵˡ
˿ƾμӲ˿ƿ׼ЩҲûð
𨼱ǣȻģΪʱܰŷӡӼ࿼˳ɼһҪ
Ҫ˵ôأʱͻӲεجģһʱ뵽ıҪˮձ̫ӵ¼ѧҵȻҲǺԥʱǹ
лӦкЦ
СԴѸʱ˷ӣܷͼǿ֮ʣԲΪ룬ǿҪҪһͬˡ˼ɺ˱ˣԽ̵ϰΡ
лĻһ±Ƶĳڶˣ
ֲ̫ӵºȻѧҵҪԼĹΣԭʱĹ
ʱ󱿵㻵˲ǳ
ѹʱ쿴ʱĿ㣬ԭΪء
𨿴ǰǺһĴʫͷˡ
룬ѧϰǲѧˣ̫ӵôУɴ̸ˣ
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˿̣̫ų򣬱Էϡ
ţоƨɺи˵Ķ̫ӵҲڻۿҪͬεĵط
л仳еĳʱѣŵֱӱ
̫ǵл䶼Ѽ֣˲ɺЦûŮͳϵͬһҲ֮С
ŤƴŬҪĳȥ
ڵĶ̫л䵱󣬲⣬ʶ˳£Ȼ󡭡û
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Ȼ̫ӺܺãԼҲͶԷŮװһȫ˶Ѳ˸ϵԳֻŬƹȥˡ
⻹ǵһΣֺڡ֪ͰʲôʱҲôΡ
̫ӺεȻǣֻԣֱԼŭͷԣϽ˵ǣ˵ھ͵¶ڣ
뵽⣬𨼱ǣ󺰵֪˰ɣңһֱϴӦ㣬Ϊ̫Сˣ
˻һȻл䶼סˡ
ˣԾƹˤɴʵҲܻϲ㣬ǴСϸ
ҧϺ֣Ȼ̹Ȼˡ
Ƕһ־磬ᣬȻһҵƽС
ĪˣеʮԱԲ뱻¿
л䣺
ԼǳĻ̫ͻۣ϶Է̫ˣлһʱҲЩͷһΥ˹еľȣųĻ̲סͷȥ
һվǰһϣ̬ɢͨԼ˴˱ǮС
лȥȻ𨸹Ǵʮƽ̹ûƺȷʵеС
֮飬л俴ʱԷҲûס˳̫ӵ¿Ǹɽ¶ˮû뵽е㶫
¹˵ϣĪеꡣ
֪գһܲ鷳һ׼ܲںˣ˼ҶʮףԼżס
ˡ
лոз˵˼ҪΰԷ̧ͷǡײնƣ
ŶԷĿȥԼĳελúһʱҭԱ̫˿Ҫο𨣬ʱҲ֪˿Ӧ˵Щʲô
û뵽ûʲôοĴȴ֮ʣƹˤ²òͬˣ׳ͬˡͬ㣬Ȼ̻¶ң
ҲϰˣֽҪιͷ˳ľƨлǵȻ鶼Ҫסˡ
Һл䵱̩꣬ɽǰǿס顣
飬֮֮龡ɢʹǵȻл䣬һʱҲΪΡ
һԳ˵ɲأʱͲƨˡƣ飬һʱ侹˵ڡ
ϾСĽҿ˳˰̣ԷѿͷҲһ˿Щۡ
жСƽ￴ſʻǰҲ֣Ҳ֪ǻ˶˼ѹְסĵʧԱС


46 
ҲûرԱ 뵽ϴγӶ뿪Բѵظ˵´Ҫĳл䲻üĿʱ˲һ
̽ĳߴ磬 ԷӦȷʵ˵˷鶯֮У ĳߴ綼С պҪǿ棬 ¶̶ʱڱһйע
û뵽Ǵ̫У ȴǺš
ʹлԼŲͬ˾˿Ҳһҭ
ǰʱ䣬 浣µ⡣
ӣʱѾʼЦ֮ǰ˵Ҫ1ˣлǸзȵӣ ܺѡճĺ׳־
֪лѾӶС 뵽̫ˡ֪ Ҳû취ʲôܸܲԷ֤аɣ
һְĪ զզصС
Ѱ ôôѰʼֻҪȵСܶѰ
Ϊʲôᵽڵĵز
ҲǵһŮװ ÿձȥ ˼Լڵܲ һֻرˣ˽ξء
һ뵽Լ뱲ӶҪϡСΣһΡ
лľһ οͻС ЩƷ պδزٳ
죬ʶʵҪôأ
Ǹ⣬ֻ뵥οлʱס
ڳ֪ĿУشҲûᡣ
˵仰ʱһգգؿл䣬Է治ɫĲѣԵһУ
ǸȨıģֻ˵óڣ
лûǸڶԷԼҲܱô󰡣
໰ҪҲʱֳѿ顣л䷽˿ɻڼü󣬵ʧ
ǰסԷȰֶ̫²⡣
룬ĵȻˣֲ㡣
̧ͷ̫ӣԷüۺЦʱ㲻гЦҰɣ
лЦЦȻûС
Ϊ˻εգл˼̽һ
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Ϊ˱ʾСҪԷ⡣
ô˵İ鰡ô˵˰
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Ļŵһ󺰾ܾҲҪ
ҧҸƨҸûʲôտ
𨷴Ӧ֮л΢΢һֻŹ֡
¶ڣʼȡ֣ʵҶ˵̫С¶ڻң㲻Ǳȥ𣡣
ȫǻȥˣҪˡ
ˣ
ſڱտھСȻл䣬üĶûסüģȱ˵֣¶⡭
Գļ˳㽫εҹտڣܻң
л䣺
Լ˵𣡣
ȻЩڼлҲҼ̼
ǹΪл䱻ҲƢû
Լˣ𨱾Ϊ̴ԱУԼн¶Է£Լ׷Ҳ֮е顣
лڳǰһƢܺáˣοǹµĴʵϸҲǺС
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̫Ӹ󣬳ĴСǿһûס˾䣺վ˰ˣѰʲô
ľҺء
ǰΪСܳɹҲѵȥŷָҲһɵ顣
ǽҪˡ
С˵Ҳʵϣ۳𨣬ָԱ߲Զĺӣӱˣôһء
ˣ㿴ֻδڽʳλȨأ쵼أڳеðհ벻ŻѰأ
ûֻеССۣԶԼģ
˵Щ󣬳泩ˣҲûиղŵƣΡȻúҲûʲôˡ̫ӵ£û˻֪
ϳ˵ߣȥ
СĿ棺Ӳغ𣿡ҹȥʲô
ȭ˵мҶζҶˡ
Ȩıᣬıش󣬳Է

궹Ի˺ŷָƺˣͿڵ
𨿴ڶѻУȻ˾ˣ
ѵ竹ӸѾȥգͿѾ¸˴󳤹ԷȻҪ͡
ϵĺһۣĸٳҪ찡
Ȼȥ󳤹ŵ͵࣬ѾδˡˣԼΪ˵ġ
ͿЦһɲǡﶼϵͷҪĸšҪ˾ΪѣҲŲϡЩ
𨵹ǲƽϣ˵ĸδ磬˴ЩҲá
ϺүĽѾˣ˴󳤹Ǳߵˣм˱һ󣬾ȻźͷҪծ
ծǸȴǳУƷǮƵĹԱⲿСȨȨ󣬲ֱˡԱΪ˻мɲ̫ˣĳֻ۱ֻи㣬ֻθֱ̰ۡ
¶Σ޴󣬳͢ȴŽֹԭֻΪծǮˣծ˲٣ȨƱ˵塣
֪ıмλӣǶδֱӳ棬ԼĸǺΪʹ
̫ӵ¶ԾծΪʮֲἰպδ¡̫ӵУԴ˷ʮֱģˡ
ҲӲծϺүС٣ΪծռĳĲ˵ȱ¡
û뵽˲ֳ̽оȻ򾩽۶۽ҾʺϢȺ֮Բ˼Ϊģᵽ´Ϊ׬Ǯ
׷һָҲЩǵˣԱָʾ͵Ž·İѱ
ҺóǷּʱûЩ˷չҵ
ڵӴ󵽸ծĳˣĸҵֶڽųųԾƲǮȻѾСˣ
𨰲οͿһĸٳڣȴҲ֪̫ӵ»᲻ȥ
Ȼ̫ӵǴ󳤹ĺ󱲣֪ٲμϯϴ游硣ȫֻϯһʱ
Ҳ룬ȥ̫ӵ¡ֻǹ֮˳̸Ҫ̸ƿ̫ӵµж
һߣлҲ𨡣
̻¶Լܣ˺;걯ߵĵ̵ӡ
лǰΪûûΣڣȴû뵽ԷҲвΪ֪ʹΪж۷粻Ա˸С
صۣȥ̫ӵټ˹ĳλóпƵҽ
˯ʱ֪ԼĺҪˡ
ڶ졣
̫Ӹ㱨;ŹĬĬһ̸̫ãͶʱӲ͵״ϰΪ
ζŻУ˼ں󣬶ʱеЩȡ
̫⣬Ҳ˵ͺãǵԸΪʮȫ
Ź鷿ſڣ˵ҲС
ŹҲ˳ӲΪ֪ʹһʱ࣬Գӵĺøж˲һԭ˶ԷȱµΪ
Źյ֪̫ӵºͳӵĶĹϵʱĳڴ֮ϲ𱰡ںˣӸ˵
ūŵҲڷģõĶԷ·ˣ
ôһ룬ŹĿǰδеĴ飬öԷԼҵǾ䣡
𨻹֪ԼСѾŹ֪ˡζеζãȻʵʲôʮȫ
ŹһһΪԼӱڵӲ֪ʮȫӶ洦˱ܴչ۷磬һҹβ⡣ǹҽв⴫ķӣѰ˸Ѱ


47 
ۡһ
ŹеӴҵĳӣô˰
ϡҪûǸ ԼͺˣŹű˷ѵʹ֡
ղûסǺסˡ
˲ǣ Ĭˣллˡ
иƨ۷չǸûС
οԼնл˵С ֲ˵УӲģ ̫ӲΪȵ ܶ೤װɣ
Źѹ²˷ѵź ЦелҸ̫ӵմҽΪҪӣ¶Գӵ⣬ û˵
ǣ̫ӵΪ治е뾡취ôµң
˰ˡ
𨿴 鸴ӡҲ֪̫ټҽʱ Էǻźֲֻ̿飬 Ƿ˯úá
ŹеĿУŬлµĺ⣬ ֱ꣬ úǽҪ˰ɡ
Źǿĳӣ Ŀͬ飬 Ȼͷۼ֪ С
ǶСЩʱ˵㡣
𨣺
֪ǲĴܸоŹ۷֣ ǰδеĴ顣
һʱ䣬 Ȼĳּ䲻õԤСŹ֪˰ɣ
һ ҧ˵С
׻˵˲˵ԼС
ҲҪģʵڲԼֵ˾֪
ŹͷܵǣᣬͣôС
̫ˣˣȫ¾ʣӲˡ̫żҲ˴Բѵشأʲôϡġ
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ڽ̫鷿׼̫ӵƴˣ
ű˵ûңת۸ι
лڴüʲô
ֹƵ˵ôҽܲ˵Ź֪аɡ
лɨɻ㲻𣿡
һ㶣̫ӵ»ɵĿУһɲˡ
԰ΪӣйӵĶǴ¡Ϊ˲¶ڣݳΪȱԱꡣ
̫ӵΪҽӣò˻ᲹһǾԲֻᡣ
𨵱һԴǵ˵ҵȻ룡
ѾǵԼղҪʲôˣ̫ӻɣ˵Ҹˣһû꣬ھȥȣ
ߵһ룬ֻػ£ⷽĵĹ͢õû˼ǵȶˣ᲻Ⱑ
ʵŮ̫ܲܺӲɵӣ˿϶¶ڡԳֻС̽ˡ
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Ƣοİɣ̲ķӣ
һЩģ˺ȿŹ˵ʮȫЧôãҲҪһŷӸҼ׾첹һ
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лĿ⸴ӣ⵹ǲ֪顣
רΪȣôȥ͸Ϳʡ
ֻ˼棬ԲŻͿӣһʮһӣҲԵʡ
ѹֳУԼŴǡ
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̫ӵ¿϶ˡһǳûˡ
ŮԲ㰡
룬ʹӶܱ¶ԼŮֵɱͷ֮Ǹɴڹˡ
ǴТӳɴ಻ͣװ֪̫ӵ뷨֪֪̫Ʒ¸УᱳǷĴҽ
ǲҼȥˣ⺬˼䣬鷿һ·ܵ÷ɿ졣
ʮȫζǲ
˸оζȻ̫ӵºҽ˵ˣ̲ȶӦòʲôõӰ죬ɴˡ
ȶҲʲô£ӲͷƤ˺ü죬Ѫˡ
һȶ̰ˡ
Сܲҵȷʵе㶥סˡǲЧȷʵȣ΢ڣȵ·ٴһ
ɶǣǰܲԸŹڵͬĿⶢ
ڷε飬ⱲӵҪˣΪԼȵѾˣ֪ԭ߾ͻƵġ
̫ǰԼСССɣ챻źȸʮȫ
治ˡ
ķ˵֪еĸĸ׾ȴΪˡ
Ҷ̫ӶԳ治ǶԱӣЩʹͣ˵½ϡ
Ȼϴ̫ú΢ʣº̫鳹׸ƽ˴ҵĲöԷ
ҹһӲظȴ游ĸǶûϢ
ϺүףЦǺǵʵ̫Ӹţ
ڳУ˭˲ĽԼиϻ۵ӣܵأҲ˿ء
Ϻͣս߹ٺ»Թ»ٻѾرںˡĵıԼҶδǰ̹ٿĲˡ
Ϸ˶һԸ̤ŵĳ˵벹ŵҲˣˡ
ȻϷбԹ²飬Ů࣬еԺ˭ó
ڿ£Լӻʹֲһĺȣòͣˣ̫ӸָԼˣҲƺˡ
𨵱űӣҡͷĸ̫ӸѾȹˣ㲻ˡ
Ϳȣȵ¸ˣ
ǶǸų֪ʱûеķض̫ӵר̷Ըġ
ܲ˵̫Ӹ͵ǲǷֻܺЩ˵ԼΪҵڹòһ
ⶼǰˣҪͲˣ˿Ҳƭһƭһ¹ļˡ庮ͿҲ׷Ϊʲô̫ӵºȻˣֻ벹¡
ҲǣҲǣһʱǺԼϹôɡ
ź룬ԴΪ˱ŮǺҲȥϳˣڼϸһодʫ־Щʷ¡
Ůǰ̣̲ס̫ӵ¶֪֮ҲҪúûر£вǼ֮
˵⣬е硣
̫˽ԼŮˣʵƨĹҲһЩ̰ĳⶼǲ۲۵ļ鳼֮డ
𨣺
һʱҲеˣΪҲ֪ʵ۸㲻鳼
ȥɴճ¯Ĳһˡ
͹͢ҽĲͬһҩеĿζһ·ൽ˳
̫ˣ̫ˡ
ϷʼվЩֵֹģ̫Ӹŵ̫ˣΪʹ飬̫ӵҲ̫Щ


48 
̫Ӽʹ Ҳܵǰ飬ͲС¶ר̷Ըչˡ
ԴûֹͳǸɰϷʱڣȴ޷˵ ֻĬĬע̫Ӻͳ𨣬 ۿ˹ϵԽԽ
Ϸ˱ָ̫ӵºͳϵƺ̫׽ û뵽˸ûⷽ룬 ˳Ļ̫̾ء
Ϳͷͬ أЩͬôЩ Ҳû˵ܵء
仰Ϸüͷˣпһ
飬 뵽Լ̫ӵĻ飬 ֻһ װΪȻӣ˵ϻʵ۴ң ̫ӶҶֲЩҲӦġ
仰ʵЩţ ̬ſ Ů/ôȻˡ
ʿΪ֪ ȻʱҲ乷ʵۣ ȴûǨŭ̫ӣȻΪԷǺûʵۡ
ͿȣüСĵǻʵۣ̫޹ϵ Ǩŭϣ ʵûе
ǵͷ óӾӦ룬̫ӵֶ˵ãѣһ־ʥϺӵ˶˾ӡ
ûΪ̫Ǻģǳ𨳤֡ǷҵӦû̬̫ӳᷢ֡
ʱǳû֮ʱ
ͿŮ벻æΪʵۼ򵥣ҪȻʱ游͸湲ͬ£ʵ۵ȴأ
бȨĸ壬࣬հıһûûģʲô
һʱҲеڵʱԼûаţڼʵۡԼʱŮԾ֮û˽ޣҲſ
Ŀɿڴû뵽˼Ѿ뵽ôԶ
ǵŮ游ĸˣۿһΪԼģȴֱֲӺСȰʮܡ
εºܣ游ĸͱӦˣȴҪΪԼġ
æ̬ȣ飬Ҵˣһ̬ġ
Ϻү˲Էģǲض̫ӵ£Ǳ
Ϻү룬Уǰſˣ̫ӵºε˵ѷ뷨ֻδƽϡȥҵ
סʲôﰡѵ˵Բ̫Сˣ
Ǿóǰ˵û̫ӵ·֣ȥﵹǷ¶ˡ
ԥˣЩгʱҲһʵ۳ء
˵ûü⣬ϺүԴһƣ㶮ʲô㲻Ǹͨ󳼣ȴӽĸ̫𡣡
ȻĸҪཻ֪ܳάֹϵǶԵ²ʹֻһ㣬·Ҳиҡ
ʹĿǰ²˵ʱ䣬иֻԽԽõİ취ǳտʼᡱ
ϺүıԶǣѡ
Ψһϴıʵˣ̫Ӹûʲôң෴һ𣬸øɵĲøɵĶɵĲˡ
̻¶ԼġСˣ
ӣЩ
游ĸĻ𨲻ҲȻ֪Լ̫ӵµ飬˲֪顣ԷģҲĲѡ
游ĸѾһˣʵڲԸ⿴ΪԼĵǡ
Ǻļ̳ˣСʱĸǻӦΪǵ
ⲻڵ֪ƾȻѡ̫ӵҪһǰ̵Ե
ɢ˲֪жңôۡ
뵽ĸĶڶմӹӼúγûĥ䣬ֱȥ֡
һãþûи̫ӵ׶ˡ
ǰǸЩȤĶ±ļԼҷֻ˳ˮֻۣ֣̿ϻһЩ𨲻ϳϵѳŻˡ
ҲǼ˵ʱǾ仰ȻΪ˽Χѣȴȷʵûж̫ӵĴ⾴ˡ
ͨˡ
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ӹӼú󣬳ȥԼȥһҵĵ꣬ϲĹ𻨸⣬Ȼͣǰ̫Ӹ
ĳ𨿴״̬ǳãʹǰϰϷصȫ̫ͬӸʱǡŹ´Ҵ·˳ָԷ˸кŹá
˵ˣŹԭأüıӰ૵̫ˣӾȻʺã
Сͽվһԣʦôˣ
Źû˵аֹȲԼǻˣÿμûô緢ѲǲҩЧˣ
һߣ𨴺߽̫С
ʱ䣬ˮ̫ѯʶԷеĲ״Լʹ͡
̫ӵֻɨδ̸ͣԷ֣ʾ굽Լ
ɼһȻԲ٣̫ӶԳáԼ뾩ʱӲż̫ӵãû뵽һգ۱ѳ˵ĸ
Ҳû⡣˴ˮ޷Ĩ̫еλֻֻպǰ̹ζûκӰ졣
̹Ȼ̸̫£չ鳤̫ӵһʱڼϢ£˻һʱ֮á
һ˻ʱʱǡôز廰䣬ոӺгûλɡԷˮйλؾ͵ġ
ԴǼΪϬʹԳҲû̫⣬̫ӵȴĹ
⣬̫ӵΪ˱ɣΪ˴ŭӡʿΪ֪̫ɲܲݡ
δɣ𨶼ǶԷˡƤ𪣬پ£üһ鵭Į֮ࡣ
òʵף̸;𨶼̲ס࿴λۣͬԷúÿ쵼ʶ
λɵλôԼٶһ̫ӵǻǹ飬νǰ;
Ҳ֪õʲôȥˮ꣬ȻûɹڡͺĽˡ
ζͬʱ׵л˳ۣȴɫؼ̸
ʱȥлЦЦɵ㵹ˣ֮̽һòɳڡ
𨻹ûΣգŴ̾ǰ
л챻ûĵЦˣ²յӶΪˡ
죬̫仰ɤЦŹȴ֪ô⡣
ûΣƵģȵ˵ҿҪˡ
л䣬ü΢кμ⣿
ԴǵɳƵ֮ˣ̫ӵ·׿Զڲֲ࣬Ϲȥ
л䴽¿ûԼȡ
Ͽҵ鲻Խվڵߣ㲻Ծп
Աȫ̵̫಻ɶԳͶȥĿ⣬塣
Ҳ֪ѧģ컬̫࣬ӵǽ벻ԶѰ
̹ȻԴǣȴĲ˰ѺҲ֪ô£ԼԽ̼ˡ
ǰôû̫ôСԴסԼǶ࿴ۣȻˡ
˭ϲÿˣӣֲӰʲô
˿̵ĳѾȫԼǶʵˡ
̫ӵ£Ʋϵ˵ֻǾòĺãܵʶǰԶӢſұ̲סбһưˡ
л䲻֪ûУ˼Ӷõǲ
Ҳ֪λԶãԷ쵽˵׵ͣ⻰ҲȫȻϹࡣ
Цݲãü׾٣ΪֳȻҪ࿴Щ
ǻ治Ǻ̫ӵ¡ȥ㽫ɻسϢ֪ͿʣµľͿԷˡ
Ѿжʱգϴ֮ûٲų𨣬˵ĹϵӺˣԽԽá
ӵѣҲǰδĶԹԹҪ޸ķʱպ½λ˵ĳ
ЦãȻСõ뷨Щ棬Ϊֳ챻Է߶οɺ㲻ġ
⻰ҲֻҶ̫ӵһ䣬ԵµƷԼ˵ĹϵԷԲ֪ˡҲͲڶŮаĿܡ
лҲûȥƽϳ𨻰٣ĶԷνıáӲĳϲˣЩԶܷʹ淢ˣĺҲ
л乴˹ЦŴȤһ󣬱Գҹ⡣
лմӹлӼɣֱڲпȥڻҲϰСβһؽ˵µҡ
л䱻̺ʱ𨻹һԺϾ͡
̫ӵ޳˿䣬˹ؿ½ʱԴһ˷顣
Լȶˣȣɶ̲סۣ˵˿̸ÿ̫ӵˡ
лվڲԶºǵµǡ
۾һգգĪ棬뿴µĲ֡Ϊ˱ƨɣҲֻԶԶһۡ
лĿ⳯ɨãӷɿջϣµؼװԼʲôҲûɡ
л佫СУһ
ûôಹҪ̶á
л˵
ӣֻǿһ£ƨɻǰȫĶ԰ɣָ
̫ӣ


49 
ѰӺִҩ ඼ȣͳ嶯
ôಹɫʲô״ûС
лһȶҪɶԷˡ
͵֣ Ϊתƻ⣬ ɴཫԼĸ˳𻨸⣬ Ҫһ
Ҳлش ԹԵزֽ Լųһ顣һˣһ·Ź𻨸⣬ Ͳˡ
ʰˮ̫ˣи̣ڵǰʳ Ҳֻгһˡ
лûƽϳʧ
ǳϲйصĶ ȵˮǹˮ õѬζйأϣ ŵҲǵ𻨣 Ǵһɲζ ű˲Ծϲ
ϲѬ㣬 ȴΪһ˰һֻ㡣
л仹ڻ£ ϲûУԼ
֪ÿʼ̫Ӹ˹𻨸㡣д󳼻˽֣Ͼ̫Ӹʳжصģ ôͻȻ˷ 
𨽫ϵĹ𻨸̫ǰ ߣЦ˵ɲѰĸ㡣мǹ̫ӣרµء
лͣ»µĶתɨЦЦר̸´ģһδ㱻Թˣ
ԼһЦ˵
лҲֻǵ٩Ϊǹı㹻ˡ
Ȼ£ȥ
Լ·ϴ˲ǹ߻ʱ£񶼲ҷɾ衣
С̫ܵðɣ
лЦˣղųӻ͵˿л󷽷ֲԸˣ
Ĳ˵¿˰ɣô͵ˡ
˵òҹлûģԼ˹ȥ
ͷ֪ʱһ塣⻬ͨ͸һǳ
л丩ָ˸ͬĽᣬ֣صԽϵ˳䡣
עǸͬĽᣬǰձ㣬Ȼˡ
𨿴ǿ񣬾òã־úãЩɬ
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ȴ֣Ϊϵ塣
ȻӣϱҲǸⱲҲ֣˵Ҳԡ
̫ӸΪʱվԭأϷƼлĲա
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Ŀרעл̧ͷ᣺ڿʲô
˵Ȼǿˣ˺ÿһ۶ǿлᣬҵȻҪؿˡ
ԺлǻȢˣעҪֵʱ뿴˼ƫ֮Ҳ޷Ŀˡ
л乴˹պǻᡣ
죬ţҲɵֱ˵ڡ
𨲻ˣԼõˮ©лȴ۵ס
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һˣ𨲻ϲ㶪ˣѡһǵл䲻רľ෴ᣬΪԼµƷǿƶԷϲ
һʶסԼ壬գ˵ûа
ʲô˰ͳȥĶҪջȥһƷʾͺܺã˵ǹеأŲɵȥ
ŻסĶлЦ⡣
ϵ壬˲ſʼһƷǺгĸ㡣
ŵſһԣСڵҧŸ㡣
л俴Ȼ＾պæ꣬ȥɽ͹𡣡
һ£ȻЦشӦ˵ð

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ҲͲԷˡ
æŸҵʱʱһԹĵս䣬˵Ϊаѧҵȥ̫ӵ˵ҵӷֵܱҪͬˣҳɼһЩûϵ㲻ɰ
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֪ʱСںڣһӻˮϴһ𲹿Σò̫ӵ³ԼС
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ΪǸɰƽƽ棬ԼŹ𻨣һŮԴδ̫ӵµ˿ӡ
һ£ɵӣ˻һԼղ¿й¶ˡ
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ʱһֱ֪̫ӿأ̫ӵ̫δⷽ롣
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뵽ǰʱ͵͵ЩӺǣ𡱡ϲô족ֻʱڶˡ
ʱһǰδеĹĿ⿴𨣬ҡͷ˲ð֡
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뵽⣬ʱס첲˵֣ðң
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λûأд꣬ӿ϶Ҫվ
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֪ʱԼ˵һ仰ԷȻͲ³࣡
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ֻҪ˲ϣô˵ûáοʱǲصˣฮضȥ졣Գ𨲢رġ
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룬ȻǰֽҳƸԷ˵Ȱݹθˣҿپ
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˦˦֣ɴۣȵ˵ΪºҲзյģ
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ƾʲôƲˣΪʲôǵƨɣ̫ӵأ
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50 
ʱֻ֪޳ܣ û뵽ԷȻ߳ŭвԼæִ̫ӵǰûп棬Ϊ˻˫ֲ
ӼѧȴŽյʫᡣ
նʫʵھ֣¡÷Ϊ⣬ ʮ׾䣬 ɽԺСĲӲڽ£ һս
ȥˣ˵нг Ż磬 ǲģ
дʫһǧžԸ˳áǧﹲ濾꣡ҹ紵꣬ Ҽͷˣֱգ˵дţ
ǳõѧԺ ڴ˴ѧĳ˿ϾݵĹԱӵܣ ݷǸҲԼͬضͬһмӣ ò˵Ǽϡ¡
۵Ķͷʢĳӣ
˵ţ ׿̹ѧϰ ùǧ䣬 ºʿ㻶ա ־ؽ ҵȳ˿ɱȣ
֣סˡ
ûмǴƳĴӳ񣬱ԽԭԽũϣ ǿųʫʫʣ ڳո¶ͷǡ
ڼ࣬ Ȼ֪ԭѾʼˡ
ͬǴԽ磬ԳʵûʲôøС
б̺ǹ˸ŹŮ͹ǣ壬лòСͨ
ԭҷʹ˱
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ϵͳĿǰͣİ£ΪӪɹ۷塣
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Խʮ꣬еһЩˣֻǵͣؿ󹬺ʹǡȻڻϵͳͷǳӡ
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Χܷ֣ԼֻԼܿ֡𨱻̼ķǳģٳһ룬ҪǻؼǰʱֻѼھеԲˡ
ĺõ˿ûзŮĲԾڴ޳ĲŻ
죬ǿʫʥʫʫҵĴȫ˳ĶɲвŻ
ੲãź¼γսеɽԺѧϧ̫ûһ桭
ҳϣӸѧϰɼõĺһ棬ΪԼҺҲմ㣬Ҳ⡣
뵽̵ŮдˮʱԷץĳֶʱˡ
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Ȼฮ ʱʵǳʵûиӵܵĶϰҲǸһȥϷˡ
Ϊʮ꣬ΪԼСҲһû뵽 ڽ챻ˡ
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52 [һ]
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кܶŵ㣬֮һТ˳˸ԥγӾٰʫ磬Ӳμӡ

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53 
ƺӲ˴˽٣ ΪԼƨŬһѡ
һҧԥ˵ʵôԸ⣬ΪżȻ ֮ͥ ʮ鷳
лü ãȻΪʲôԡ תһ˲׶Էδ֮⡣
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ãȻˡ˵Լ뱧ȣûϲ
ʱڰĹѾĺˡ
Ͽңǰ ޶˫ ҶԵ岻ѣ ܵĽعҲΡ
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54 
ϵĲ˿϶ܳˣ û˹עϺү˶ϣĿڳϡ
Ϳŵ黺ȥ𾪵ôأ
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ϷϣЦѡ
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Ļ ˵Ҳ
̵˵̫ӵȻ͸ұˡ
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55 
Ϻүææס𨣬 һ
ɸֵ⺢ӣ˵Ļˣһӣʮֺ壬Ǻ £⼸硣
൱Ǽһʮ 󰡣ô׷Լأ
ϺүĴǻۣ ˫ִӣ ϵ˵˾͵ˣ ǰģ
£ Ҳѧ˫ִ䣬˵֪֪ⲻ𡣡
ܲϧҪˣ ϾͳԲʵĶˡ
Ϻү
ָų𨣬 ۣ ƺҪˡ
ַ֣ĳļ Ц˵ǳ¼ҵĺӣ
Ĭ죬 Ϻүɵ˵ ̫ӵֻ˵Ѫ ȴδ˵Ȣޡ
̺ӣ ȴܲȢޡֻ֮Ҫס¶ݣɴҵʵĻ
仰˿
游ȻǾɳϽ ǶıûбźͿ ڼʱڱ뵽˽취
游ļƻͳ֮ǰһ ҲΪʲôѡ콫ߴҵ֮һ
һ˵ĵ˱
𨽫¸ϺүǺͷ·жеľʯһ˲
֮ٵǷ࣬ͼһ˽⡣
෴˱游ĸˡ
ԭˮĿ֡

ڶ죬ûʲô
ʱȫ˶źȦ²ߡ̹׺ĳ𨣬ûµֱٱݹ緹һ롣
ˣܺӣ
ɿţҪ
Ϳ˸Ƿæ̧ͷʵȥģ
һϵجΣһμ̫ӺԼŮһ˵Ҫ䡣еĲУͣ˵Ůװ䣡
Ȼˣ̫˵ƭ飬Ҫѳˡ
ͿֱˣڷǳŮ
ãȻȥӼడ
Ҳȥѧϰࡣ
Ӽһ쵹˳úȥ̫Ӹ
̫ӸſڣûֱӽȥټŷͨΪͷϵ̫ӻֱӲأѰ˼ԼתһȦߺǱˡ
պ̫ӵҲû鷳
̫ӵûвŷͨŹԳ˽ȥ
ԷУˣԼˡ
̫Ӹ̫Ӽֻ̧ͷɨһۣƿۣȫ̲ٿ·ûˡ
𨣺аɣӻ
һòᡣ
ɴŲӣ㣬ȫͷŬ
Ȼ̫УѾǸˣŬչԼҵڵһ档
ֻ׼Ϊְнʱ׼
ôŬдҪдĹĺۡ²ӣд˺ˣеԣдӻ·ϴ£Բ
С̫ӶûԼдһ㶼ǷָԼŵˡڴ˿̾Űڵĸıʿ󳼣ڲͬİǰĵдŶ
̫Ӷ鵭ϲŭҲûȥ쵼ġ
ҲĬĬزóŬľ񣬷ܱʼдãд°࣬ؼһ˳·ԿѼ
д˰죬Լϵһû٣ҿԽԽˡ
ãȻ̧ͷײϷӵŹ
𨣺
ҪˣԼŬô˸ӹأ
ƤЦⲻЦĿвŹǣ
ŹЦ棬㲻ţسӣ̫ӵ¼㰸ϵˣԸټϡ»˵дúã߶͡
ȭͷӲˡ
֪ͷ˾̸зգ
ŭԣֻĬĬи̫ӵСȻĬĬڰϷۡ
ΪͻȻӵĹ߷߲ƽΧע⵽ȴǷŹ˵Ǿ䡰߶͡
Ȼ̫ӵ¿ءֵ۶Ƕ࣬˼ʡ
ڷӰĳ֪ͬʵС˼Ҫ֪ƻ
޳Ӱ໹û⸣ҪҪ

ΪڣŹĻش̫Ӹ⡣
ڳзͷʢ̫ӵλӵˣеعע
ͬʱΪϵͳԵʣҲڽעϢ
ԴȥȦҲСƸ¼ȡɽԺ
ɽԺشУڿҵķӽйԺȲϹӼ࣬ȴҲѧѧʥء
ԳɽԺ¼ȡ˺ͳ峤쳣ˣΪǰ;
Щ¼ûʲôĺ󱲣źǹϵԶչֳ˵츳Ͳѧ󣬳峤
峤רǰɽԺ¼ȡսѧһ¸֪
峤ǱϲʵȴǴ̣ҪɽԺһ̽
ܹԼҲĶŪӼ࣬Ը⣬˵Ҳܽͬͽѧ
֪峤뷨󣬲ϻ̳Ͽ֣ΪȻ
һΪֻжҪȥõĹӼ࣬ݡ
ȻƶЩƾжȣֻҪвŻгͷ֮գԺ񱡳СۣҪǰύϾʶ΢ĩǽύڸ֮Ĳɾ̫ˡ
񱻴öˣҲͶһŴԼ
ǳˣԼвѧûҪһѣ볯ΪҲܰæرһ˲˵ûпϾˣ˵
̴úܺãϧ峤ӺһֱûϢΪܿټԼȴûж
֪㿴ã׼ú㻽ָ㣬͵ͬĺڳ𨲻ǰľϣ
ԼŮ̫ӵǷ
æŵǴ£Ļ˼ָˡ
ȥ㽫ˣͿӡ󣬲Գӡ󲻺ã˽ĸ׼
ֵ˼գۼ쵽ɽԺӣҲסûмĲ裬ӡ
ɵǣݷúʱڼϢ
ǳһοò¿ݣȻ
Ҳ֮УԭҷԴߵﶼͶ˲ӳ֣òӦҲǲġ
΢۳ĿɨԷͷĴ֡ϮϵͳС
ǰס
ۣĿЦЦ
˳ĵͬʱԷҲ
岻ȥ̫ӸְףϴǺ½ۣýĸĵޣӳĵݰףü۾ˡ
ڼ֮ǰһЩԷйصĴţλӵܷǳġȻ˿̿Էµòȴɾһ˲㽫ԷΪŮӡ
竲ѧûʲôãõŮ֪࣬޻¥ĶСȣ˭ʤһ
ͷر죬ɳ𨻹Ƽ˶Էһ˿üкЦ
һֻ뿪󹬵ԭ̬ⷬ˵ɫҲΪΪǹ̵ļӣѲûжԼŮ˼
һԼ죬ͺܶˡ
˼תȴɫ̬ɢףһûһӦ
ȻţҲûӡ𨣬̬ȴʮֹмӡ
˶̬ȲȫȻŵͣԴǼ仹ԼΪӵķȣЦڼеڶйϵɻһܡ
仰󣬳̲סз˸ۡ
ԼǺӣ񲻹ͬճµĲ֪ˣȻҲŹϵҪֵܡԼӦˣ˿׬ˡ
Ҫ֪ʹҵСʱҲҪһ֡
ЦҲδΣֱףͳ˸ӴŵĹϵݡ
ƽ׽˵ģڹӼԳѧҲûʲôӣ̫Ӹʱ죬жȡ
ⲢǸûƢˣΪӣҪ߸ϵ竹Ӹ磬Ȼʸ
˻һ񵱳סǵͨ졣
ǰ;⣬ǰ̸⽻̽Ҫ˹ϵΪ׼˹˼Լ꣬ЦӦǾ仰
˭֪ӻһ㲻ԼӣҲǸûӵ竹Ӹ硣
ԽŸֹʫʫʣϵͳİ´յĶ𾴵Ŀ⣬⻹ǵһ˸ӡ
ѿҪ˦˲裬뵽ıĹӼһ£
Ŭѹסŭ𣬴ֵۣͻӼ¡
յ˵ü°ɣֱ԰ա
Ŀ⣬ͷһоȣӲǳûôˡ
Ըղŵѿ󷽵ҲսѧԺΪɽԺ񵽺Ϊ˴ɽԺΡ
ӣûֱҪȥӼѧǴѯɽԺӡ
Ժ٣ɽԺᵽ˶Ӽ֤Աȡ
ɽԺãȴҲȲϹӼࡣʣԼͶӼˡ
ɳ𨲻һԳεĿ⣬²յ˼һ̵˵֪ûȥɽԺ
񣺡
βǲϽӲ硣ѧĶ֮˳Ҫסһʱ䣬ϵͳڶԷ£Ҳ˵ûȤ
ڣͿŮ첻ҲͷϺⴹټĺȻɳһ˵ҡ
ûа취ӲͷƤһҴȥˡ
һȻضźҡ
յ裬סˡ
ʮӶʮίߣպ󷢴һҪӱȥǺڽյΪ
л˵
˿̵ĳһս׸//ϲϮڹͬսȭ


56 
ֻǳһ ֮ǰͰף˺ݳͣȴһȫǺˣ۲νС
һͷ Һ֪ΪŮ̫ӵ鷳ģ λڵĺˡ
ͳ峤һ ͬóвŻ ֵͶʣ аѶԷŵӼ뷨
Լ˼һǰԳü۵̬ȣ Էʵʲô뷨
ǺӣͿıŮе ̫£ ύĽǳд󳼣 Ҳ
ȻΪ𨡮治ǾһʶԷ
źӣ ̸׼дӼࡣƴӴпΪ պҲ볯ã ̫£ ʱʽ΢ύ Ҳû֡
ƽĶۣдֻУ˼ĵüšĳʮ͡λ޹أһʫ˼ϧ ӶԱ˴˵̾ꡣ
Ҫǣ дΪ ʱýύһԺֻ޺
侲ԼĴ㣬ȴֱӾܾС
񲻶жر۱⻹С˭ǰǲס˭Ҫܼһӡ
οڳƷʵԷϵͳ
ռʱ㿪ʼ˼ΪʲôԷҪ򸮣ϱӹ̵ǲı
ԭ̺˲ŷĿϧйˣҲףô˶ţܲܰ˸ϳȥ
ΨһŮȥңҲûչЩˡ
뵽⣬ǡ
֪ΪΣܾԼܸϵͳѲ˹ϵ
ԷͷϵͳƸйأ裬öԷлմףԥؾܾ顣
ڻΪ̫ӵԻɵߣСӸòǼɣ
ͿǡýݣЦӳ壬̫ӿأҪһũӣЦ޹պ࣬ҵᲢۡ
˭֪Ϳͷ⣬˵䲻ãĸ⡣ײǹϣڨڨ죬ԼҪ˯鷿ˡ
Ϳɷȴתڷ磬ԳȰȴǶкô
һڳõڼ֦Ҷï˻ȽϳԿ
Ϳ˶оԹΪŮЩá
֪Щǰ۵ơе㶫ŮãҲֶƽʱؼʱ̾ͺܹá
糯ϱ˵õˣû˰˵һŭ֮»ϰ㿳Ҳûܡ
Ҫ˳԰㼸䣬˵ͻŤתʱ֣ڹԮҲΪʲôҳʢ˥̱˴˼Ĺϵ
Сڴ󳤹ߣͿ֪мè塣
𨱻ĸȰ裬ҲЦЦͷҲǲС͵ҪӼ࣬ұѧá
ֱӱɴۣ
̾Ƶ˵ͬΪϺˣӼȽϡвţ޲ţжжҡ
Ļ򸾶ʱס
侲ʱ˻ô˵ǻ˵ʵʵ竣Ż磬о֮硣
ã൱ڶԷλ裡
˶û˻ȥĶ֮ϵҲû˻뵽ӼĶ顣ֻóѧʱȲһũӣʵ廨ͷ
̫°£̫̫ҲܵӰ죬˵ԶԶԼϲͳ
ѣ˲סͿǾһ亹תͷסĸ첲߷ߵ˵⣡
һ֮ЩŮǰ̣ҲҷֻŤӳֺ¡
𨿴ﻥЦ˳Լ̫ڵĹϵҪΪӰ졣Դŵ򸾣Ϊ˳״ǶԳε˼

Ϻӽⴹ֪ºЦЦ¹ϵƣԶ㣿
𨱻游ҴҲû̹֪Ҿǿ˲˳ۣӺõô
ˣ⺢ԽԽʡˡ
ԼҵĺӵҶҪġıô࣬Ϊóպá
ϺЩӸ¼СӣɽԺԺסպǺҲǾľ
Ҵ˾֮󣬳ٿȡӼֻ࣬˵ʶô
Ϻı㣬һʮȫȫӼ·ˡ
ڶ졣
еɽԺ˴ԺӣӼ񣺡ѲֲֶĶ飬ڱԺдԺӣɽԺѧ
ɫ˲䲻ǺܺÿԽ˳˳ˮһΪԼѡ֮ӣû뵽ΪһΡ
ڳΪٶ꣬˽ﶼѰ˿Ա⣬Ȼûдһ˿ޡ
Щв̾Ϣƶ֪խ
ԳвŻϧȻ仰öԷ뿪
죬Ȼ仯ôרԺԱʺ϶Ժӣ˭Ҳ˵ڴ˿̸߶ԷԼȥӼѧȫԷľٴ˻ϡ
ʱЩڣ֪Լ͸ŰݷáѯʹӼ࣬»ᱻϲ֪ţ
뵽δɵ񣬳źϧˡ
ͳͬеĻɽԺѧӣ˱ҳ̽ѧʣ˭֪ǡײԷӴ͡
˿Զȥ̲סʳ񣺡ļҹˣ
񻹶ԺԹԵ
۾ֹάû뵽־ȻͺҲйϵպǰ̱ضٲˡ
е⣬ȴһȻ˵ҳǵʸ֮ˡԾҳպضˡ
⻰ȥ벻Ҳ˵϶ΪвŻ־
ȴûעԷˣÿ춼ԼҪæôĸһƽϡ
絽̫Ӹʱ㱻ϸߵĹˡ
ǰĹЧʴߣ̫ӵ¿ǱԽĹˡ
ݣ
ǣһ̫СһߵϵؾһҪ̫Ӻͺã
ͺòˣڹǰĺüؼӰʱҪĽʵĿ⣬ֱĹ
ǰʱްżܺȲԿڸ㣬ˡΪ̸ʱ̫ӣ˻սң±̫ץסѱȻӰࡣ
Ǹǳÿˡ
ȻԼ̫սûкôû취˳Ʒ֣ǻͺúã빤ʱ͵͵һڸ㰡
ⶼǴ飬󳼶ڡڴҵƤӵ£ʲôûᡣ
ԼλϣʵʵؿʼָԼӣܽĴС£Ȼ¼дԼĶԲ߽뷨
һıʿÿ˲֪ԼֵǷѾͬܽԸ͵Ϊһ̫Ӳ鿴ʱԼ©ǻ鱨Ūͳ군ˡ
Ҳ棬ддţ콥
λ󳼷ֵû࣬дˡȳ̧ͷŷټֻʣԼ̫ӵ¡
̫ӵ±Ҫæװڶδʣֽšü۵û˿͡
֪Ҳ뿪̫æе飬ǼλıʿܽӺͽ鷭Ĳ鿴һ顣
Щæ꣬Ѿҹˡл˯СʱȻ󲻵ȥϳȻæµһ졣
һñ996Ҫæµ
ֲ˸Ը⵱ΪҪûʵĺѺء
ھҵ̫ӵ£ʱ͵ĳ̲סķʡԼȻ󰵰ԼһҪ̫ӵºͺã
첻ټӰˣ
æ깤ҡʱŷ֣Լİƺ¶
Եֽϣһֽֽͭ̽Ϸ̳ʢĻ״ɶ칤һĹ𻨡
ֽ򣬲ѹֽԷʱ档ʱΪеľͭ򣬺̳¹ţ״
һμֽ򣬵һ۱ϲ
İĶõģⶫֵ֣𨻳С̫ɨͬʵʱŴˡ
ˡˣע⵽̫粻֪ʱȥ
뵽Լĺͺüƻʵʲô
лʼδͣδ̧ͷȻĺ񡣡
һ£ʶʵ˭
Ϊ͸Լģû뵽ȻǱ˵
⣬ͬʱл̧ͷüֱֱɨ
ĿȴɫӲ֪
лü棬𨻹ЩãȻʱȻʶʲôԡ
𨵱ΪŮװСˣȻܺԭһ
̫ӽ˵⹫ļ
ݣҪ¶ˣ
̷еֽŵæԼЩˣлµǡ
⣬ȴԾսн֡
ǰſ˻ᣬصǿ̫ǰԼݣزܱ¶
ͿΪŮ̫Ͷϣý˻ָŮԺҲܡ
ΪĸףȻŮҪһŮ顣˲֪ĸ׵ȴ֪ΪҪŮװأ巢Ҳãˮպֶһа
ȻŮǷȱǣҲͬӵ̫ӵֳ̫ˣлҲȴĲ
ֻͱϷʹһ١
ϷլǺ޴飬˵һţӴ˱иįŶŮҵʬǡ˵ӣûŮװǺŮҲǳ˵ĺ󹬣
լֻ֮¡
Ϸ˴˻ڣͿҲϨˡ
ȻĸģŴǲҲҪǼ˵
οǿˣȫ˵УҲĸѡ
ҪĸĻҲĪ˶䡣
˵ܻЩɶȴǸиˡ
Ҳ֪̫ӵ»᲻ᷢ֡
ʱлע
䣬̽ɨӳ仯ûгش
ŵĶҪˣҲˡ
ǰȻǺӣвǸѧ竹Ӹ磬˼û˼ǵ
ΪףԾö֮ҲûѼĵףû뵽ղ¶ڡ
л䶢ų𨣬·ϸ۲Է٣ϸ΢ı鶼۵ס
ʱǹȥ˺ܾãֺ񲻹롣
лջۣԭˡ
̫ƺԼ˵ǣ͵˿
ʱлȻʵӲؼף𣿡
ԭΪԷջ飬Աͺžۣû뵽Էͷβû£̫ӸҹĻ
סѾ˺飬ȴ򶨵ˡ糿ʱұĸ˵ʱٹһͬԸˡ
˵𨵹ǲ顣񲻹С񳤱һ졣ο̫ӣҲһ˼򵥹
ԳԼûʲô⡣
лп޵صͷǽ˵Ҳû׷¡
˹ԳǳЦɫˣչҰɡ
𨲻ҷɣйЦȻҪõһͬȹ˵µĺȻҪһ㡣
лЦºָͣűʣָӺ죬ǰ˵Ҳ֪˭
ϱ΢΢˿ֵôҪϴε£ѵǻûԭ𣿡
лЦ
̸䣬Ĺ۲һ̫ӵûԼĽԲ˹ȥųһ
ʱ󣬳ɫ̫Ӹ뿪
ȳȥлעıӰ鲻
ӻ֣Ź˲һ˽ʲô


57 
лװ˳˵ ˽ȴ˲̽
̫Ӹֶ˵ãʱϵ˽ȥѾ̫Ӱǰ
ڼ¡ͿϷȥ֣ǶƵΡϺүⴹ ϲŹ顣
лü еıͣһ˲
˵쵽سʱ żǡ
ҹһͬţ
򸾺Ϸţ ԻطϢ ӺϺүΪʱ䲻ͬҲδһ𡣡
лü 鲻
һ˵꣬ôἰʱ޷Ӧοٰ𨣬ôڶԷûκαʾ
Ǽٵģ أ
лɺ뵽һ㡣
ʮߣ ȴѰСࡣл֮ǰΪ岻ã ڲԷʱȴһ롣
Ҳ⡣
ͿʹʧŮ Ļ֮ʣ ȥׯ һг𨡣
룬 һж̫ɺϡ
򸾴ǰδã ΪκȻɺϵڼӣ
л뵽򸾵꾳⣬ΪŮȥǺãȥׯʱ򣬴һӡ
޷⣬ ΪʲôҪڳ
лٹ Ҳ޷뵽ᵨ͵ת Ůҡӡ
ҲΪΪ˱˲ӳ˽ʱ䣬Ÿáӡ֡
лûܵһʱµ࣬ɵһ£޷Ĩȥ
뵽𨷽Žŵȥһ򸾵ڱׯ
ٶȲõĽȴлв
ӳ谮ˣӲˣЩūŵҲֻԺ׽ӽСӡ
˵ŮΪչ˳£ǶСӾľ𣬲ҷɡ
ΪͿŮȥǲɢ˸һˡظִһ뿪
Żػˣǵڱׯźˡ
ֻԺɨ˵Ժ˶ǿͺүŮţǸ
⣬л˴ǰĲ롣
Ϳ鹢ֱֻΪ˱ˣɲ˴£
οѾȥ죬л侲˼ҲòϣͿݼơ
ü۾£峺ˣŮ࣬Ӽ𪣬ŮӶпܡ
뵽⣬лûָ΢΢һ١
һ˲䣬֣ԼƺĳЩҪϸڡ
뿪꣬Ҳԡǰ˿λȨأ֪Էݣ뵽õӣֻƴԼڱׯʱļţʲô˵һ㡣
ԶԶСһΣĺӣžѰĺӲСѾֽˡ
ʱ̾˵˼ҵСչ˵þģñ㶥СӺüꡣ
лбα̬ɢ鲻Ҳ֪Ƿ񽫴˻˽ȥ
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׵лάŷŵƣĬûг
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ʵڶ֪ΪʲôӻȻҪӣūŵҪþãʵı㲻ܶʡ
죬лҼǵãһλŵСС㡣һء
Ϊֻһأû뵽ԽȥȴԽϲ
ڰлЦһñʲôϲڵҡ
̫ӵһԵŹͬʱͷ˿

ͬʱ𨻹֪Լ¶ˡ
Ϊһ·ġ֪·ӣȻ˹Ӽࡣ
յ˹Ӽ࣬ŷλͬѧ˵ԷǴɽԺӼ
ʱۡ
СǿԼߵҪϡ
ķǣͬճ£˺ױ³˵ݣ˲㽫ͳһ
ƾ˿ڵĹʫܿʫʥţӼҲгĲŻѧ
Ϊ񵱳ǷԸʸȨ󡱵ۣˡ
𨵽ѧʱսű˵۵ݻйء
ͬѧ޿ϷĿ⣬𨲻¶ɫȵ̾һ˵Ȼ־緢Ϊ
˶Ҫ͸ƤҿǷмʺ۵
˿̵¶һ飬ƱᱻȥΪʳвŻ֤ݡ
ϧ֪ǵ뷨Ҳǻᡣ
󣬱ȥԼλôʱ˽̸߽ѧá
ӰЦ̸ͣ
첽΢ЦǰԳ𨹰֣̬еܣطˡ
ϴγ𨲻ԸͬܡƺҲӦӼࡣ
Լı½Ӽ࣬ڻԷܡǱһҪ˷̳𨡣
ǳϴԥز⼥ԼǾ͸á
С˼˿֪һ仰ԼͳĹϵΧ˵Ŀⶼ˹
Ͼղų̸䣬ʾͳ졣ɴ˿ƺ
һǣ
ɫ΢ʧЦˣǰǻںʱ
΢һͣ괹ףָˡܹæֻȥΣǲסҲ
仰˿Ŀʱˡ
ǳݣڳҲĲӡȥˣҲܵúϲûסǼװǣ
з꣬˱û٣Ķǵֶȴǲ
ü۵Ҫ˵һӰȴ˽
ʱһ飬ЦG⻰˵ˡ
ļЦǺӣֵ̫أύǳسƽջҪ´񡣿ɲæ
ʱĿΧѧɨЦЦִǰ;˭ֵǹģҪҪæˣ
⻰Χѧɫ졣
Ȼʱ˵ֱЩ˵ȴе𨷱æǲסҲ
Ҫǣͬǳˣǳ竺ͲѧȴѧʶŻ硣ǹӼУұӦؾó϶ἵԼֳͬ
ʱղôһ㲦ǲžѳȻŻȲϳ񣬵ǰȴ˿ƺҲûбҪʳ񰡡
һȻÿ쵽ڿεʱˣұ㲻Գ¼ֵܣǻԼλˡ
վԭأµֲԾա
û뵽ԼƵĺͳļ棬ȻͱȻð˴ˡ
Ҳ֪ΪΣ˶رӴ˵ĻԷ
Ӽ֪࣬ʱฮĹӡֱҲûзԷҲȥԼλ
˺󣬳
ʱһԿĿͬ飺֣λݣЩ
ЦǻӰˡְɣιӼ࿼ˣλӾ͵¶ڡ
ʱü°ͣô˵ҷЩ˵˼λֳƺҿ״Ԫľа
ʱ֮ǰ˵״ԪΪ˺ȥڲͬˣ̫ǹգÿλʦͷ׶̹ɣɼС
ԼҲӵ˵˵ѣԿƾٵ뷨
𨱻Ǿ䡮ֳĻˣ˵ҪǿƾܿϣҾ͵ڱݵͷ
ʱ֣һֵĿ⿴˵֣侲
ֻ˵˳òᡣǳʫҲˣЩ涫ġ˶˹Ӽ࣬㿼״ԪȴӦûʲô⡣
룬ʱȻʵļ
еڴţ㲻ңʱҪģҲҪһ𣡣
ʱüҲǲУ̫ӱҰŷ𣿡

ô챻ӱƷʱˣղ˵Ķ滰ֻû
ʫд²ͬûڹŴѧľд¹дñȳ𨻹˵μӿƾˡ
ԭУҲȷʵǴŲӵţһԹ»мһ˵裬ڹ̳ΪӺֱԱʾμӹ׵Ŀƿ
Ȼ⻰ܵˣӵȻ˶˹ȥΪ־ߡ
ԭУҲ˹Ӽ࣬ÿµĿôȥأ
Ȼ뵽ǸϵͳĪ˲õԤС

ĵشӹӼˡ
Ϊ̫ˢڸˣֻҪڣ˶Ī۳𨣬Ӷ˼γʫ
Ǿͬǳһĳʫˮھһ˵Ҳ츳
𨣺ҿΪֻ
ô죬ܲܶײӰɡҺѧ꣬ʫҲǱرˣֳдףֻ˵ǿǿйоء
ӵ˵⣬˵ĿҲЩʧ
ʵܲˣֹ˰ʱɴ·ˡ
ͳ෴鵹ǲӼʱ뵽û뵽ЧԼûҪá
Ȼһûע⣬㷢ֳ뿪ˡ
ѯߵͬѧδѧòᱻӹɣ
λͬѧǣİοģ¡
һ¡
⣬ͬѧĽ͵ûƼӶǲһ
ڳϣǳظһԼĴţӴǰѧúʹһæſƾٵ顣
˭Ҳû뵽ȻͶ̫ӣӴ˳ÿձȥ̫ӵУ̫ĸޡ
̫ӵˡ
һ죬񱻴硣
ƽǶڻӼ֪ԽæԼĴʫԴǺ֪
ǰΪ𨲻ѧǸõ竹Ӹ硣֪ԷͶ̫ӣҼеλ
ȻõǰƣҲ֪λԼĲͬˡ
û뵽ԼһֱƲӣȻ£ӽȨˣ
Щᣬȴ̾ϢܴԼΪƾѡ˵
λͬѧֵؿһۣ˵˾乫ƽĻʵ˵Ȼӣƾһԣδûо١ҲǸѡɡ
οڶ⣬ʲôźġ
۵ĵ˳ȴá
ԼǹӼ飬˲õԤУȴ֪Ϊʲô
ӹӼ뿪󣬳𨿪ʼԼҪȥ
ǻؼϢά־ҵȥ̫Ӹ
Ǵǰ϶ԥѡǰߣϾǰӰ࣬Ѿ㹻ҵˡ
ҹ¶ڣȻºԲ˹ȥҲ̫ӦԼˣǾȥһ̫Ӹ̽һ̫ӵĿ
뵽յ飬ʵЩڵġ
ǰԼ̫ǰѶԷˣһҲŶԷ׷
ºΪԼϽЩӦڻؼҺźˡףһ
̫Ӳ˵飬ҲԲϻѡ
µֻ̫û˵ԼˡϾֻѣҲʲô̫ɡ
飬𨵽̫Ӹ
ʱ磬̫ں¡
һ磬Լ̫ӵĲաһϮۣ𪣬ü忡̬⡣
ǿ̫רעлƺע⵽ߡתۣ𨣬ĮȻ
˶ʱڳŵУл仺˹¶һЦ
ס˿
̫⣬ܶЦԼûз쳣ҹҲû˵
ʯ£鶸ȻлͬЦ˻ȥ
Цݲã⽻Ӧ˲Ծϲ
ʻֿ꣬ǽԶƺǶһ¡
лЦᣬתۣڳ޷УЦ鵭
ϳɾԼ̫ӵµ仯ȴδţͺδһ㡣
һ磬ûκ쳣
ȥлؿ𨣬ºʵôˣ
Գ˽⣬Էæµ󣬽պͺúԼڼ塣û뵽ȴ̫Ӹ
һ̬ڿ죬л䵱뵽յ顭Լˡ
ڻδӼõʱ̣Լֳʲô¡
лüɫض豭裬סĿ
֪ԼѾ̫ӿˡлѯʣԹΪӼλˡ
ｲ˽飬ص²۳ȱºС֮ģԼ޹꣬ӽʫԱȵı
лǺȤƺ
𨵱ȻˣҲŤ󣬵ͳһĶԹ˵˳
ͼӴ˵꣬͵͵˵˾䣺Ҿûģ˵׼ЩʫҲԼƷ
ڵǺصڮ٣ҲԼ̫ӹϵ׽ŻῪڡ
лбȻû˵ĻҲû˵ƺûнĻĵס


58 
ҲʧֻⱧԹ˼䣬 ʵҲûཫС
֪ԷôĹӼ࣬϶֪ԷԺַʽ뿪˴
ʵӼ࣬ԳҲûӰ졣Щ˵ǲΪӦ򸾣ĵλ ﻹҪǱġ
ԷڽҽӼ ֲ֪Լ
Ϊӣ 𨼫˵飬 ڳ
鲻Σ ̫ӵµ̬ȡ
֪ǲ룬ܾ̫ӵ½յ̬ƺЩ֡
ƺ ùˡ
̫ӵ´ǰҲᣬüǳЦʱȴĪЩ䡣
лûзɻ󲻽⣬ ̸Է˼ҳ
ǳͳݵĹϵ ̫ӵºȻԳ˺档
һ̸ʵô˵ ͳһĹϵã
ǳȫûʶκβԣ ΪԼղŸ̫ӵҩɹˡ
˵԰ ǲɺ¡
лע ϧǿΪӣ ֵܱͬ໥ֹͬˣ δϷۡ
̫ӵµĶôᣬָḧգⲻԾЩ졣
µʵðȻһûʲôôѪֵܽöҶܲ Ҿ˸ҵļ㣬 меĹرõȡ
⻰ûв٣ ΪΨһ硣˵Ǳģ³һء
˸ҵļ磬ǰűߴ󣬻óŻ󳤹ݺݽѵһ١
뵽Щ˲ࡣ
Լʱļ̫ܰҲп̫Լģʱʮ㣬̲סŶԷַұСʱ򲻸Ҳ棬С״ұԸܺãż۸ݳ档
ҪæŹҲˣҲûʲôˡ
ڹ¹µϱӣԼⱲӵͯѾǳˡ
߶߶Сʱʱ̫ӵ±һ
˼ü΢ЦȻᣬֵܽöܲ
ͦأȻֲÿ˶Ʒ£ֽҶչ˵ġ
һʱ𣬻Сʱ򱻴󳤹ıǴʱ⣬⸴Ӻ͸п
뵽ѼˣҲѳɼңǰȥ˱߹ƴǰ̣ȴûʲô̫չ˸ҲЦ˵պڳи졣
̫Ҳǹô˵̫ǰ䣬ԱҲкôûлᣬ˵պҪʱ뵽ء
úܺãԹ⽫Լıǿ޻һ
лҲûпС˼ЦרעʱʱųĻͼ䣬·ѡ
Ȼл룬ȴֻԼ֪
𨼸ߵֵܽãȴΨûᵽһĸͬ׽㡣
λŵĺС㣬һֶδἰ
ƶԷϴδֹ
ǸȤ󣬳𨿴Įʵʮ飬ǶˡԼı׶£̲סԼǰ㣬ôΨԼ׽㡣
ճԸ񣬻ѪףϼԵضҲ̾ἰһ䡣
Ѱˣ»ΪʱλѾǵöԷԲŻӶԷ
򸾣ǳ
л䳤𨼸꣬ͿŮʱѼ¡ѾȥʮȥҲȻǵŮĻϲ
ȡϯ»꣬һһ¡ءȻʺδἰʱп̾ϢһԵл䶼жš
簮Ů򸾣ڹ󣬻ƮƮؽԷ
˵үǴӲСС㣬˵ġǺĽɣ˭Ҫˣ˭ͻᱻϳȥ
Ŀ£ʮȥûټǵλСС㣬ͺԷδ
֮Уϸȴִ߼
̫Ӹ̽󣬷ȻδΪλС룬ÿԷնݣĪزἰ
һлƶҲ֪֮һȻҲλг¾Ľ㡣
ǶԷڣǸû
ԲҲ
л乴˹޵Цһ
Цֺŭ
²ؽСʱǴܵأһ££
лӦһôˣ
𨲻֪ʲôһ˲䴦ֱкȻĳֲԤС
عԼһʱı֣Լϴ˵ҪȢӵ飬ûе̫ӵ¡
棬ȻûܽдٹģⲻΪæŴСģһʱ
̫ӵ⼸ֹ֣ԽԽͷԡ
ת˼Լ̸ֳõĻȻ뵽̫ӵ²ǿҪ쵼ǰ˵ûС˼˰ɣ
ȻΪҪ鳼ϸ⻹һ̫ǰͼ׽ˡ
ϴҲٸԭְɵʱûüжͱֹ˰
⻹һ֪̫ӶΪĿ
ԭΪ˶̸ˣӦҲܹ֣Ͼֻ΢˱䣬ֱֲҪ١
̫ӷӦҲ̫Ծˡ
Ȼ⣬ƺҲ֮СϾ˵ԼҲΨˡ
̫ӵΪӦò޳ɵġ
ʧˡ
ڱ߹سɳСıһѣû뵽ԼҲȥˣԼСҪԺл취̱߹صıɡ
õŵ£ϣһȭĿڵʵұСʱҲȫȻҺܺãҲйֵʱǳñȽ׳ʵϲҵĹ𻨸⣬˻Ǯ
ݣôһ룬ҲǺ˰
뵽ͯԹʱˡŬ䣬ҵһ֤Ϊ˶קҿӱȴС
˴лЦˡ
Цһͺ䣬Ҫƴڻĳ𨶼סˣ鷿һʱ֮ú䡣
ֱۣ־ȻϸСļƤˣ
ڰɣﲻãҲûʱڰһ±ƣ֪
̫ӵЦЦ룬Сʵ£˵𣿡
лȻûУӽáǳá
ס鲻ԡ
лָһƷ˿䣬Ŀ޵Ĳ
Ŀ⼥ƮƮ˵ͣ
໹δ׽ҿҪԱ֯ȥ
ҺѿסҪ
̫ӵصǿ֣úãɲ֪ΪΣܾöԷҪŪԼ
ͺֲܿ
𨵽֪Լǵ̫ӣھ;ĺ롣
ղΪ˲С˼ڵ֪̫ӵ̬Ⱥ̾͸˰
磬˶ԷĳʷҲǸԼ̨¡
̫Ӻǲ⡣
̫źˡֻΪ쵼УΪѾе˷ˡ
һ˲䣬ˡ
л˵
ӣСʱקҿӱȴС
̫Ц
Զڱ߹ضûӹһٵı磺лл㣨˫ֺʮ
̫ӲµţҪ֤ȷϣӻԱһ


59 
ǰû̸ ̫ӵһҲǸѼϼܣĿʼ
̫ӵദʱҪԼݣʱսľʮִ̼ ʱȴܿġ
Ϊġõİ ˳ɳøá
ɫ£ ǣ߹ʱķģ鷿ڣ ǴĹԺУ ֽµӵůġ
ҲΪʲôʹʼһպҲĽ֣ ȻںúⳡżС
ڴ֮ǰδ԰Ļ뻹һֽ뷨УΪ̸Ӧǿֵģ еģ õġ
 ĪķƢ˷겻ز¼ɡ
ղŻ˳̫ӵ·ͯĻ䣬 ȴ־ƺûʲô˼
Ҳǡ̫ӵǸ߸ϵĴ ÿæµĶǹҴ£ Ҳûʲô˵ЩϸС顣
ʧȥ̸ˣ վ ˵ҽջ£Ȼظˡ
˵ŵӲ̫ӵĻظԹȥ
ߣ˭ûСƢˡ
̫ӵ»ѣ Ӳźˣ
Ȼû˵ лҲ һ۱㿴ĲԼԷ顣
ˣҲˡдϡ
̬ţлüš
Ȼ
ͷβһƭ֣Ǽ̫ӵǽӽԼʱԶѻɽĵ
ݽӽԼԶĽɫʵȴŮӡ
Ϊ볯ã̫ӵԼȡȨ
ǳ»Ǹƺ̫ţδĺ۾֮
ʣΪۣȴΪĶ֮һ
лʼңȨɱ˷Ŀκ˶Ķֵ
̫ӵʱǿһƬ֮ģŲлע⣬ʹԽԽ
ΪֱʱΣңɽ·бϸеǱֽɡǷµȰοֻΥʱļᶨ
ЩٶУгֺõС˼лʼռŶԷǳġ
лΪܿɹˡ
ͬΪܹģıδ˽Ϊ˳Ҳ
л䷢һжƭ֣νģƺм֡
ϲҲ΢
лŭЦһʵǿЦ֮
Ҳ֪Цƭ˵ãЦԼ̫޶ۡ
ڽԼˣת̽һδʲôȻ㲻˦ˣӰ
ôң
лķȺǣά˿̲й¶ֱӽǰ
ۣûгס𨡣
ʱ̣뿪Ƕ˶ȷҰȫ顣Էѱ֤£Լʲô顣
ȻȻվĬĬ߻
սСȭͷ˵£̸̸ģ
ˣ˲С˹
֮Ҫ̫ͨӵ½鲻ãɴںˡ
лעųӰ֮ؼ۷˵ⷬ
⧲ü̸
ǰվͷ˵˼һ𡣡
л˼Ȥ˵ͷü˼ʡ
ĽҲ⡣
ζЦЦ̵̧˵Ӧ̸
͵仰أ
ȻҲǵһ̸ס˵˵
ͦţǿ˵Ӧö̬Ⱥһ㣡粻ܶЦ
ΪάԼרҵĹ裬ԿƵû˵仰
лЦˣΪΣ
ɴۣţʲôΪΣ⻹Ҫ𣿡
ѲҪˣ
Ҫǳ𨻹Ҫ¸ɻһûй˾ۣھ͵öԷʶһʲôȡֵŮѣ
лţɢЩ
ЦЦ岻ŮǰЩӦ˽ӣΪգΪζҪ㡣
ס
ոæлϸѣҲû뵽߼
лЦ˵οǰʱղ˵Ҫ𣿡
ģȻҪ̼֡˵֮ǰĻ෴ˡ
лںܺ棬𨵽ǲŮ
ˣſڿӣ۲գĲغ˵˵˵Щ
ʱѾȥ̫ãлǲĵ˵Ҫʱûˡ
ԼţֻԼʡ˵ԼʱϹ˵ģС˵Ϊ̸̸ҪԶԷõġ
л΢΢üҶ𣿡
Ҷ㻹𣿻꣬һĺޱȫ㡣
Ķ㹻ãΪʲôҪƭң
л󣬲⣬Խܡ
лĿ䣬ע£ûղһִη
ˣ
ɶˣֿʼˣ
ˣ֣лǰ˸ͣơ
ҲܶԷܲܿڿʼ̸ֹ
л䣺
࣬ĹֺӣĪǺ̫ӡ
֪Ϊʲôлеŭ˲Ϩһ롣
ˣСɵӸͲ֪Լʲô
леŭɢȥֱ࣬壬Ƿбαɢ̬
ǰڵͫעų𨣬רע
ϳĻĵûС
𨻹֪ԼոձлΪɵغͶԷʲôв̫ǿɰ
ڵҲָУһֱ
¡־ﶼ˵ɴ˿ɼߡ
ͳһлҲ
ܸ߳Ϊʲô˵ûС
ƭôңܲһƣһЦǺǵĵûû·ɣ
𨲻֪лնġöţ㣡ͣУ
ҵ̫ӵˣ
˾ɵСѧ˵仰
л䱻ЦȻͷ˵ţС
𨶼챻ˣΪԷûгϣǿΪǱղЦڳЦңû㣬ΪʲôҪҷƢ
˵һ룬ȻлˣȻ˲סŶ
ո˵ʲôš
ۻһȻ˵ˣΪʲôҪ
л俿αյƵ˵ӣ㻹δ볯ɣںδְƷΣ
Ȼоŷְգл仹δҵ֤ݣ֤Ůװ
ѾƭһΣֱȥȻҪأֱֱ䣬лҲҪûƢˡ
ݾߣڴ˿̸߳ԼѾ֪ܡֱѡһĽںɡ
𨵱شԶ߹СƷ
˵һ룬ڨڨͣ
ԭ̫ӵղڰ㡣
̫ۣ˵֪̫ӵж˵ڹǰȻ׾Ҫ٣
һ£ƶʱѹȥ˵ûСҲɡ
˵Сȥ
л俴˵𨣬ֻһˡ
ĸ壬ฮ˶ǰἰ顣
лǸϸĴس⹫ƽ
˴οƾٸĸʹĶҲһ޳ɡΪڵĿƾƶȻ©ǰƾ׵˼£лϣвŵˣܹͨƾٽ볯á
ƾٶȨֻһ·ѣȴӵⱲΨһָĳ·
̫һˣôŵĳӽᵳӪ˽Ψס
ãȻԭأе㶪
Ȼȷʵû䣬жĻֻԼ֪ˡ
ȷʵԼ̫ӵµĹϵҪ·ǰ̡ǰҪٸԭְ
ймҹ棬Ҳ谴£㰴ٸ٣Ǳǻϻʵۡ
οĹְͱ˶棬м䲢򵥡
һοʼɣԼǰҪ鳼뷨Ƿȷ
ֻҪӳ購ֻӣųԳԺȺ֡ӽ̫̫˳ˣõ̫ˡ
Ȩ̫ˣ˶ڳԼµĵλ
̫ӹϵ׽ЩƮƮȻŻε˵ֻ
ʼֻҪϸСܡ
Ҫʷų꣬ҳٵļ鳼
𨴹ͷɥǱˣֻеãȻ
л䶢˵𨣬Ҫ·
̸ⷬм٣ٶԼ컯ˡ
ʹ𨲻˵ݣԷΪӴ󲿷ʱ䶼ϸҲԸԷ·
뵽ŮӵݣлҲȻȥ
ֱڣδҪŮӣҪδԷ̫ӵе顣
ǶſܻᱻǷֵķգð³𨣬ֱ˳öԷңŮ˳
лעǰ꣬鲻

̫Ӹ뿪ʱĽŲǰδеĳء
̫ӵ̬ȡԼ𡢽Ҫ̫ӻԶ𡭡һ
С˴ӣλˡ
ûʲô飬Ը
׼ջظǰӼ࣬ѵֶóֱ뿪Ӽࡣ̫Ӹ뿪ı⡣
ûҪ룬ˡ
Ϊ˵ӵˣҲ˵ӵоҪöԷ뿪ҪؽҴԷʵƷԣȨѹֶΣɹ񶼻Է°ѱ
ص󣬳㽫Լؽ˷С
дһţдδԼ
Ҫ˿̵ҪպԼʱʱóģǴ˿Լ顣
Ըҡ̫ѵ޵ݡγѵĻ㱡
־緢Ȩ̫ףԸҪУ
δ̹ԺҲҪִ
̫ӽյǺ¡ŮװиܴİѱҪߴ·ץס군ˡ
Һüġ
ӽ쿪ʼǿΪȻƵģȻ
˼ſ񣬶˳ȡ
ҲȻˣΪʲôԹʧңǳġ
ҹɫüҡ
Ż±ʣ࣬˫֣µţԼ۵ĺС
һ˲䣬֪ĳɳˡ
ͬʱе̫Ӹ
鷿ƻ谵лֽҳĵطġ
һֽҳҿּЩı仯ԼĽ
ʵڽ֮ǰлµ࣬ȷϣжϡ
ڣǰ
Ҫ֤أ
ҡҷǽϵӳڵӰӡ
л䶪ֽЦǺôĵӡ
͵ת۾ϣ״˵ȥһ֡


60 
лȻ ֽŴָ䣬ƮƮڰ档
֤ɽǰ²棬ԭ˾Ůӡ
ϳ ԼͳһĹϵ лױƶϳΪλ˵۾֮
޷ǲĽټҵˣ Ż󵨶һ
ɰǻ꣬ ޵Ĺ 뵽͸лˡ
лΪǱнŻΪȴŮɰϲĸ㣬 ȴδ뵽ƻľĿܡ
ǰɵأѰӽСΡദʱ׾ӽڡ©ٳĻԡ
ûŭǲԹл㲻̫ӵ¡
ؽԼϲһӵʵ ΪԷ¶ķѪ ıպδ ȴԷʵŮװ
ǰ л֪ʱԼαŭ ǲǰƴڻһ ˿̵Ȼǰδе侲
𨲻ϸ֪࣬ ѾĻڲܣ ޷ΪҲǵδκδ㡣
лԭõ֤ݺ󣬱ֱӽҴİϷ´¹֪
ҪϷ Ҫݵʲôʱ
棬 ʱŻ̹ס

ڶգ ȥӼʱȻͼ䡯͸¶Լȥ̽𨣬ȴ֮顣
𨵭ÿ¹Ӽ࿼գôģ࿴ƪ°ɡ
֪ϵͳܰʲôز޼ɵذףװƹҲƿĻˡ
Ȼ𨻰䣬ɫЩѿÿ¿ˣ
£ο˵ǰģֻ¿úмȿˡпˡĩˡ
ɫ԰׵ĳ񣬺˵ĺӻںͷء
ʵôһ룬ӼҲ
ԶԷѧˮƽضһı
ʱڹӼĳɼҲܸһǡֵ֮ùѧõǰ
ôһ룬𨶼Ҫó뿪Ӽ뷨ˡ
񼷳ЦӼ಻ǵһѧ˶࿼ˡ
ҲЦˣ˵ǰ㶼˵ˣѧʲôˣ
еļԶ׼ȴû˼
Ժзϵͳϵͳϵͳǲƭң
ûСӼÿ»ضˣݰ̫ѧ顢ѧѧ˳ɼᱻչʾϸ߽ܷӳͷ
һ±ƣ𾪵ԲۣôҪ飬֮ǰΪʲôң
Ҳûʰ
ϵͳ⣬ĿڣĹ
ϵͳ
һŬƽĿǶϵͳ˵ðҡ
Խæŵдʫˢûо˽ʱûʲô飬дˣ˲¶ڲйˣ
ʱӵס˵ỳʫԴ
뵽ɵĳͷƤ顣
ƣȴû취֪ߵͬѧֻܳԺеϵͳƢ¸ԴûǰҹӼϢðңȻҿ϶¶ڣʱҲɲˣ
ϵͳʷʫʸ踳ѧʦӰҸѧѧϰռʱĶ֮һרϰʮڱΪѧʦŶ
ܲͷ쿼ˣʱѧף
οʮ꣬ʱʮˣʲôã
ϵͳɴؾܾԼĹֻܰ滮Ϯ·ߣ
Ϊṩʷϵʫʸ踳ṩʦӰѧԷܳƣȴ޷С
֪ʷϵʫȴһϹӼ࿼˵£˵ˡֻǸϵͳֲѧʦ
ۼϵͳӦҲҲУҪʲôã
˼С˵ϵͳ绽꣬׶У˵ģĵʲôϵͳǲдƷɣ
ϵͳɣǰ
ס
ȻΪʲôҽзϮϵͳء
Ŀɿڴ
ϵͳɲĳƢЦ˵ȻǲдƷöˡʲôҪҰ㣬ôȥ
˫ֱ
ŭѣ˲ϿԵˣϵͳ磬Сʱ
ҡ
ģ֪ͲӼˣ
ϵͳ滮ĹƨϮ·ߡĽ׶סٳûɣֻܼˢ
ڳϴε裬һҪӼˢûˢԼͿҪ¶ˣ
뵽ԼľӪĲ輴Ϯ;ֹʹôôù̯ôϵͳ
ɶɶУƨûУرˡ
ϵͳҲܷ꣬˵Ҹղ˵Լѧ
꣺ѧƨҪѧʱѧ޷ǿֺһֵ⡣
Ӽ϶ǲܼˣÿһʱ͵ÿԣ¶ڡ
ϰʫʻȡû˼ѧϰֻ߽ݾ

Ӻ󣬳ҽһȻ赹ڵزʡ¡
Եͬѧ飬һ֣
վֻ赹ˣ
˻һһƬ
Ԥϣ͵ſء
Գºһʱɿس˹ȥһʱռ˳ԵѹӰλá
Ӽѧģʱȥзӣ˽ȥҴ򣬸Χų취ѡ
ʲô취ɫرѲ
ͬѧ֪ʱͦ󺰵ţʱѧҽ
ԹϿϷʱŤͷţ
ջͷһʱŸ죬ʱ
ʱ⧲æ֮УȺСĵز˼ų񣬶Է۵ָʱ˳顣
۾ܼ⣬ֶ̺ˣˣ
ΧۼҲƼˣʱѣҲˣ
˾ϲã
ʱ֣ʱͶأʱܣҽҽ˵ðͬ㣬ضҪظлˣ
˲ԣǸղŽ˰춼ûѳʱһֶԷ˶Ӧȷʵ˵á
ҲŸ͵ǰ
ʱһĬĬŤͷ𨡣
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֪Թϲ׼ûʲô£
ʱϰ䣬䳡ˣҲֵó˭˭ǼΡϢƽȣһûʲôë
̽ͷ˵Ұڻûʱ㻹ҪŬΰԣ
˵һ仰˷
ڳĴߴ£ʱŸѼϼܡסС
Ȼ֪ļװεֵܵĻܲʱΪεҽ˿еһûˮ
־Ըоµļ˶
ӳǱˣҪҪ
ʱ̣ȱµģһͼӴףʱõڰ־ѣպûܸϲμӿˣ
齹йϾҪ˲ˣס
ʱĿȻеͬϳˡ
񣺡
֪ˣ˾Ȼ޳ɳĻöԷͬġ
Ӽѧǿ̿ѧϰĵ䷶ʮ꺮ÿο˶߾ȫεԼҲŬһ
εҲ̫˵ˡ
Գô˵Ҷͬ⡣
Χ۵ѧУҲЩģǰһ󣬿Ŀ㲻̫Ծˡ
˶һۣҲų˵ǰ֣һ¡
˶ҪεȺ˾ȻԣֱɥĲ˷ָ
Ͳúε
ҪҪ˳Ȼװȥһ죬⻰Ҳ̷ֱƽˡ
ҲǸˣϰʱºûСѡ
֪ģǹȻ˹ȥ
պ÷Ҳ쵽ˣҽʱվԳ˵ˡ
𨡰һ΢еźûܳɹѳ񣬿ϧѽ
ĺ뿴񿼳һʯ쾪ĳɼҪάסӵ衣
ʱҲ鸴ӡ
պøڿǰϦԣ֢״ֱǰӱܹһģһ
ֱʱʱŲòų𨵱϶񿼲о˵Ļ
ӼĿ˶Ҫӣûʲôʵϡ
ΧҲһͷˮʲôˣղѵûлԣ
˲µ࣬˿ʱ֤ԳĹ۸бܸˡ
ԶӣΪʲô˲ݵķӱܿˡ

ӳǰϦ赹ˣʮأ˵μӿˡ
˵βգʱڼԳ㲻òҽӹӼѧˡ
ڹӼ֪Ϣʱֻ˵ͷȻдеĶ
ǰܾóǸϵͳֶͨ̽ԷҲûôܡ
ְĽٵˣܻӹӼѧ
뵽кĽֺԼ³ҲûеģԶԶԷһ־衣
ʱ֪λ֡ڶԷ뿪Ӽ࣬ΪܸȤȴδ϶Էȫ̵º⣬æµ顣
ۣдʲô
㿴д⼸ҳֽȻдػ޶ãԱߵķֽҳ
𨻮м֣ϵֽŷһԣ˵дƾٸĸ¡
ʱ֪ƾٸĸ飬ʱ˶Ϊæµ޶ѡ
ʱų𨣬˵Ϊ̫ӸѾλ۹ˡ
ҡͷ˵ǰǻ
ڿƾٸĸһϣ̫ӵоʮּҵִҲԼĹ۵㡰жԿòĿ족ȡټơ迼ȡ
Щ΢СĸĸҲܶ࣬޹޹
̫ӵĻ󣬳ԼӦʲô̫Ӷʧı֮
дһƪۣ˶вѣ̫ӵǻȴһе¡
дģһƪȡƶȵ¡
ºΪֹ˲棬Ϊ˼ǿ˵˼ƣѡ˼ǿƶȣ˲۵ĵλ
ȶĿΪ徭ÿÿĸʽѹ滮ãɼж̰塣
ı׶ʷУǽ˼룬ǻʵĳʱǸ浱ΪάͳȶֶΣĿıѡγ
ڵǻҲȡ෽ʽݱ䵽ǣдòãûῼС
δͶ̫ʱдģΪдòãӸ״³ȺΧۡ
Ӻ֪ʷϹƶȻʵмǧ꣬Ϊɼ
ãȥдһЩԼ뷨˵ı仯һģǰ˽⣬ҲһڻͨдúǳԣҲ档
޸ĸģдã׸̫ӡ
ʵûָƪʲôãҲ֪кܶ˷ԣܻдʫԼ̫ӴҲвպϡ
ֻҪͨƪ£֤Լľġ
лõƪʱü֣ء
ûУֻǶԳ˵²ɸˡ
ڿʼûаˣ춼ſҳ
ϻ˼ѧѧʮ꼸ʮ꣬˵Ͳˣⲻǿ
ⲻǳڿˣһҪչֻˡ
лʵǰҲ뷨Ҳԥ¼ľġ
Щ¶ҪպǻлʩչϻʵǾԲͬģлΪ̫ʱƪóȥ˵ҪУԻ˵ļҷԣпܸ
ų𨣬Ŀ䣬͵Щ²ǲڲܡ
뷨ǶԵģ϶עƪҪܼ⡣
ԤϣС˵֪ġ
ͬдŮӲμӿƾ٣ܹ볯Ϊ٣дд˾ͲǱҳˣƽ͵˰ɱˡ
ЩСҹû˯ãҲûʲôۿ»ڡ
л֪ʱԹ˿̼ӣֲԾۡ
֪ʲôʵûҪˡ
ǿݵġ
յ֪ʱл޲ɱ˳𨣬żȻһĵĶֻ鲻Խѡ
еʱ򣬰ǲġ
л̲ס֣֡𨴹ͷ̵߹
л̾Ϣһס˵Ҫ¡
βЦЦΪѣᣬֻΪ˰еĻ̡̻
µᣬлҲûиˣͬһģҲȫǣڳϡ
лסָ⣬ãȻӣº͵˵ֻһ΢顣ʹˣҲҪ¡
Ϊһԭ㡣
ƭҲãǱȨԻ󣬲ʲôҶԭ㡣·㷽ãȻд̫Ըָ·ˡ
쵽նܼᶨΪԼܼǿ֪Ϊʲô̫ӵ仰ۿĪЩᡣ
סл䣬˵
һ飬ȻڵлǳСѧܣڶߡ
лЦˣ˵ţҲԡ


61 
ĸı˻ лȴʮյƪºоȣϧ͡
ղǱ˼Է̵ʱ ƪΪͶ״
ϸ õˡ
ӵڻ 
л仳˾ ׼óȥϢһ һ㲻оĳӲӲĶʱɫһ䡣
ʲô
Ϊӣ лָоʲôΪŮӣôܻ
˲øղŵ˼ɿ֣ ֱֱɨ· 𨣿
лǰҲǴ䲻ӣ κ˳ɧϵɡ
ھֱ䣬±ֱ ò׵֪࣬ ֲԾ
𨡰֡ӣ л䣬 Ҳܲˡ
лü ɤʡʶһ£ûӦԷʲô
˳̫ӵߣԼĳط
ǸղԼ̫ӵ¾ֹŤĺܲλҲ˱仯濴 ˿Ե͹

ֹǳ𨣬 ˿лҲǴ΢͹ һ̫ӵɱ˵Ķˡ
֤֤ݣڿŮӵʵǰʵȴƺƷ˴ǰһв롣
ѵ֤ݳ˴𨲻Ǽĳ¾ӣ
лܿ뷨
ʵˣ̫Ӹ֤ݣδ֣֮а
Գ𨵽Ū˸ʲô
л鸴ӣһ֪̬̹ʲôþȵģӦ
̫ӵӣӦú״ɡϾ˵кӾЩżȻС
̫ӵ˶ֹϵˣʱѵǺ
𨻹ԼܻǣϴεźܲȻ˵Ҫ¶ڡ
лŹֵЩȡӴǰУȴ쳣п
⻰ʱ£⻹̫ӵ£
𨲻֪Լ¶ˣ˵ԴӺ˵´µҩ΢ٸо۷
ȻϴγԼСĽںŪ˹ȥºЩġϾʱ̫ӵ¿ʲôûһԷ֮ô졣
Գһֱ£Ҫ̫ӵ֤һԼСܱ̫ӵɣ˳ŹǹŹֵ
Ȼ𨲻̫࣬ҲܲŹһֿͬԼ
ֻƤ˵㣬ֲĲҪ
ýܲûйؾأ𨵱ϣ˻ϴˢԼԩ
л俴ų𨣬ɫӣʲôҩ
棬Ȼ˵ʮȫ
лƺˣѵǸӶ洦˱ܴչ۷磬һҹβʮȫ
л䣺
ʱܵ÷ɿ죬߰Ķ㵹Ǽǵһֲ
𨲻֪л𾪡
죬˵Ź˵ǹҽв⴫ķӣѰ˸Ѱء
лʱѾ֪˵ʲôˡǷȷʵҽרΪĲҩ
˵ףνʮȫҲֻǲƷֻЩûдٽҩЧ
Ϊ˰ο𨣬Żһ˵û뵽ɵƺˣ
ûעл临ӵ̧ͷͦأ˵͵ʮȫЧ۷񣬷·ҽֻش΢أ
ڿʼҪϴԼ΢ĶСͷΣ
лĬãҩˣȻЧ֮죬ǡ
Ӣ䣬ްܼл䣬ͣƬ̣˿Ҳֻ³һ䣺̾Ϊֹ
֪ԼѾ̫ӿݣϲ̵˵ǰû뵽ɣ
Լǣڲصúܺء
л鸴ӵؿףû뵽
û뵽ôݡ
лۿų⣬һĺ˵˵вһƾϲ΢
û뵽𨣬㻹жپϲ²֪
ʵڵ֪ŮӱȰΪװʱл֮࣬ԶԷһ˿ϧ
𨵱ףضǼгһ֮㲻òȻͬÿÿ뵽ˣл㲻Գ֡
Ȼ˿̣ۿ죬лޱջ۵
ϳÿεΪѲգ۵¶ԷûаΪѣԼܹаɡ
ۼ˷ܣлûסСǰ磬ȴ䡣һҩҩ֡
Уɲҩ
Ȼл䲻֪ʹʲôӣضǵߵǽ
Ϊϴˢ˶Сĳƺأڱ̫ӵºȻҿ࣬һʱúûӡ
ǣʲôС磿̫ӵµʱҲ˵ҲûôСôô˵
Ȼ£лüĶ
лʧ䣬Ϊ˰οԷ˵ҲûôСʵʲôû
ʱԣֻ˭ϵЩ߰Ļѻƭңûɡ
룬ֲ˵ֻǵʱǶȲԣԵñȽС
ǶȲԡ
лҭǿסЦĳ嶯
𨰡𨣬Ǹ˲š
Ϊ˵ǣ¼ѧڣֶЦϡ
лͷЦȻʲôû˵ĪԼЦˡ
Щ̲סʵ̫ӵôӦѵӦΪҸ𣿡
ú֡ǰǶСӲˣ̫ӵӦø˰
ѵǶԷԼˣǸˣ
С֮ĶȾ֮úпܡ̫ӵµĿʱԾˡ
Źֵл䲻֪ʲôҲ֪ʲô¡
ϳ⣬Ҳ֪ĸ
һħһлޱȣһֱͷ۲ѡ
ʱл鸴ӣԼƭʱĳŭȴΡҪ׷žһ֡ˣҸһɵӼƽʲô
л᲻𨣬ڱ˺úѵһ٣
ⶼ̵ĳ߰ЩʲôһúõŮңǸߵ͡
лۿųԵ֣ЦֺᣬȻһΪ˸κС
ʱֲȣǰʱչдϢ˵ϻʵлָƼҾɲͼ²óҿݵĺʱ
л䲻ֱ˵࣬ȴһ֪涢̫ӵ£ŶԷĿڳԼС
л䣺
ǰ޹˺ߡ
ʱ˿̣л䲻뵽ǰ֪ʱ˵ȥں˵ԼС¾ᡣ
Լ۶Է㶼ȫȻˣܿĵĴ顣
ʱӣԼʮɶڴСһѣȴû뵽СƭŮװοŮӴɬȥȴ֮١
л΢һƽյԶԷҪԸѹŮװ궼û¶ڡ
ĬƬ̣Ȼ˵ͷ˼Ȼ˵ѾˣһԣҿС
˵̫ӵϳɨ𨣬ȻԷɫ䡣
Żĳͬס˵ʺˣˣһ·ղסô죿
ĸ̫ӿⶫĸоһӦһ»УҪһ͵¶ڡ
л֪ͷͶϣҲˮɡ
뷨ԼǰһףԴǵ˵ҽʱͬգ棬̫ӵǲ⡭
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Ťͷţ
֪˵ʲô̫ӵ£
㵱ǺܲԸ0Ϊʲôڱˣ㻹ôıԶǸհԶ̫ӵ
ڳ𾪵ĿУл΢Ц治ҲѾԡ
Ŀɿڴһ˲䣬Ҫˡ
˵ֻһҪ̫ӵ±ˣ
ﻢ£ĬĬҧʵҲȫġҲǰΣҲģҪٿһ¡
лüۣӶܶࣿ
ãȻ̧ͷûشл˵ͷԹԵҲǿʱĻˡ
ȻС飬һûǺס
лıԷ̬Ⱥͣ£¶ԣȫԸ
ǲԼղŴţҪѿӱһȴСˣ
һκԼϹ˵ĺĺںˣ̫ӵ¾ԱˣþҪߺˣ
ΨΨŵŵŬ⡢ⲻðɣҪͳһȣһȵ»Ҫ˵µ𡭡
˵ôҪĻл䶼ҭ
ĬƬ̣һ΢Цƽˣ۷񣬹岻Ѹʰ·磬Ըհ
źܲ𾪣һˣå
ŲӣصʵҸˣҲûȫʱʱ飬ʱҲ̫ӵµ۾
лװģЦȻʱʱ飬˵Чù°æ֤һΪá
Цǵγ˵˵ë
ͷϳʴСȴһ˵òС˰춼ûӣֻܱһ䣺½ôá
л䲻֪ʱãµҪôء
豭ü¶ԳȻá
ȭͷӲˣøƨˣå
Ҳ룬ԼҪǲ˵˵ץסѱҲûⳡ粨ˡ
Ҫͷѧװεˣ
뵽εԼʱôȱԷ
̫ӵ»ῴԼװΡ
ʮΪϼƣӲͷƤҸƺ꣬飬Ȼˡ
˵лŤͷܣܵ÷ɿ졣ŹһΪʲôˣ׷
лϣıӰЦһŽһº󣬳ûһҹΣ۷ˡ


62 
ͷΪ˰鷳ǣ ȴá
ڿҪң̫Ӹȴû㾶ֱؼң׼ȥֵ鱦һͿ֮ǰµûУ 깤˱һȥ
ûǮ õװ˼ӣ Ϳĸģ ඼Ŀʽ ר̸鶨Ŀʽ
࿴˼ңЩθϳУ Ϳ¶ࡣ
鱦߳ʱʱȴƼԶ¥ſڣ СѾͷߴߴ˵Щʲô
ü ΪǹرõȲˣ ȴСѾͷȡأ
ǰ뻽Է һϤӰ¥˳ü䣬 ޳ һۣ ǳĺͬɡ
һ£ ӵʺš
òԶ˵ķɶ
˫˫ס
һ룬 棬 ֱȹˣ
СѾҲͶ·Ķ ͽεĳɡ
ɻ㵭ܿںͳ𨺮ѵк£
ЩȻʣҲѺûصȡЩ
˵Щϻ㴹ǣظҡ
һصԺ͵Ⱥڴ˵Ĺ顣
һ𨣬˹С˵磬߹ĸǡ
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Լã˵׸Ҳйǡײϲܲܡ
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СѾͷţһԷȻɸת˼ײԷȻ¶Ҫ÷
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ȥһ£ۿҪɹ¶Էˣ
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е׸ûôãҪ֪˿϶ԥѵֻӱΪǡ
룬˵ӱİɣҼ޸ɣһҲ˸Ļ
𨱻ŵòǺסṈ̀ӣһ˵ʡİɣ
˵¹黹ʲô֮ֱӿ첽ˡ
Գԣνͬʱĳ˷ͬĸп
ڴϣԼָ𨣺Եɵƣ֮ҳҪ
ΪӱܿװΣǸǲùŪ˸ҽֲȡҪǵرƽ컹Ѷȥ
ȻϵͳܰԼףϵط˿ƿ·ӹӼѧԼЩʲôء
̵λ̫ͣƾ̫ۡû
Ȼ뵽ͬ˵Ͷ̫Ӳĵλ˲һ뷨
ȻǸ竹ӶԣΪʲôԣ
ҪҲͶ̫ӣ϶ñöˡ
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ɵӡ֪̫ӺЩ岻ͬǼʫֵȨߣκȨ
뵽⣬
Ӵϵͳϵͳϴ˵ռʷеʫʧҲ𣿡
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磬ļſڳһ̫̫
Ȼ˵̫ӣȨƵ֮һ

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ũˮãٻĵؿ
ڷȣ˷
޳ɣ˷ԣҷΪ۲ݡ
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ĶôЩĪ졣
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Ҳڳ𨣬յ˵˾䣺˵̫̫ĳλ
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Ҳ˳˳˼·ȻԼǼԴ
ⲻʷϺպʯ䷨
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ֶдȥҲͰˣȻóҿԼò찡
ʯ䷨漰ص棬ĳض֮ء˰ɺ͵ڶ൳ɵ棬ǿҷԣʯձ䷨ʧܣһȱᡣ
˵йصݣ̸ƾٸĸΪʸ֮ġ
дйؿƾٵ¶ֻҲţȻôݵعΪ治±ſ
ͬʱԳϵͳҲ˼־衣
ʧʷϵĸĶܳԷϵͳҲͨ󰡡ָôΪʲôøء
⣬ڳлõ˴𰸡
ǹ·ȥ
лۣδǷ˴۵ĸķϡ
¸̸֮ʵ¼⸡ڱ档ƪĸֲżȻá
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ΪֻǸ֪ι飬Ҳдȴû뵽¶ڡ
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˲ıһͨͨũӣûʲôĺǰҲѧʶȴĪ쿪ʼʫˮóණ
лֻܲ룬Էǵõʲôǰ˵ıʼȻռΪС
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סеıʣַֻмεˣй𻨸⡣
ĸԸʱѲ˶ģԵ㶫죬ҲðĹġ
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л䲢ûбҪյƪʱ֪඼òϡ
̫Է󣬺Ȼ뵽ϴαʾˣһɶԷʫǳ
ǣʲôˣ¼һ档
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ʵл³࣬ƽյķֻװ֪ԷЩǮҲˡϾʱȥ治ֹ֪ʫ
Ȼ˲Ǻˣǳᷳл㽻顣Ҳλӵ˼Щ
ڳǺǻǷ˱㲻ĵˡ
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ЦȥСеĹ𻨸̫ӵ´ϣױ˵ԣ
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еĳ̫ӽ̸󣬱һֱһּ˷ܵ״̬
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ǻٿƾ֮˵ǰ̣Ǵҵ棬ֵǮˡ
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ųĲ̫ʰ󣬱ûŲʹվ̫ߣ˳ǰ
һֱվ̫λãλҲ̫еĵλҪɼһߡ
ȻһȻĵλӲСؼ̫ߡ
̲Լͬؿ𨣬ҪԷ̬ȡ
ȻƽЦģȺͶԷµͬȴ֪ԷӲûôúŪ
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63 
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Ѵˣ竾ǿƨڵĵλ
ϲڳ𨡣̫ӵߺ 㰵ʹֶμ˳𨣬 ɫ˶Էλá
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˻һڣһ˱ЦŴԲ²Ӳǫ̣Ҳˡ
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64 
Ⱥϳɲʲôദˣ ·磬̫̽ӵмֲ˼ˡ
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ûᵽһ̫Ǿ˸顣
һ̣лԵصպ˵ĺӣΩԸҪŴ𨡣
ȳ𨱻ѵ꣬ͷɥ̫ӸһţԷϰԼ£ʱĶˡ
ӵô£״ˣﻹҪѺ쵼״
л俿αԼǵȳܾˡ
Ӽ࿼һ£Ѿˣ˵ס
û˵꣬ȷˣ˵οĩкܴϵ
л΢΢̧ۣŵͬʱزһ֮е
һֹʾ˵
𨵨Ӻܴ߼ʱôӣô󣡣
ɶǰҶǲѧѧ㵹һҵɵĺƽںˣ˾ˣ
ʹļףڲ
лĬãȻ׵˵öԣ̫ʧˡ
ʱҲ˵ͬҷϿΣҲûϣֻöԷصġ
ϲʶӣԼල𨹦Ρ
ʵ֤Ҫġ£Է̸ֶβԭᶨ־ûñ㱻𨳹״ƫˡ
ôûѧ٣Żᵼο˱ʱ¡
лɼʶԼҲ淴ʡǹ¶ԼţŻᵢĹΡ
ǹܲסˣֻˡ


65 
лַ˼ ˵Ҹǽһ飬պͬʱһϿΡ
ʱεĿ˽Ƕ˽ʮ־𡣼Ȼܲס𨣬 ֻȥεסˡ
𨲻ţʱôӣ Ҹһ𣿣
ֻǲлѵĳɼ Ȱѹ˦ȥ ıԹл䲻ԼӰ
лĿᣬ ݾܾ֪ԼĹΣŻĽʱ ڻ١
סǣҲ˼
˭ĽʱӶడ
ôһ£ۿʱͷ׶̹ɣ ʮַű飬 賿ͨд¡
ʱϰ彡׳ һ࣬˵ˡҪǻԼ ¾͵Ъˣ
Ȼһְ ѾĽ
лͷ װľܾ ΢Ц˵ģ ԺжٷӣҲС
Ŀɿڴ
仰ôõôŲ̫Ծء
һԵŹ˵һڣ̲סЦ
ð
ȱµĳӣ ԼŬϽ ˽˾ȻǼҵ£ ںˣ
лܵѧϰջ֣ѸٰŵտʼúʱһͬڿΡ
Գӣл²ԷԼپãĵ˻ȴû뵽ʲôû˵ǴͷɥֱӴӦˡ
̫ӵ֪ͨѯʣѾ˶֣֪ԼҲûãοҲûԡ
һˣҲҪĺܲܽʱŬ˰ɡ
Ȼ𨲻ÿƾ٣ҪڹӼ찡ڹӼ໹꣬Ѳɽʱ䣬һֱһ
һ̣ǳڵʱóˡҪǶԷûߣܱסڶˣ
ؼǣμ˿ԣ˿̶Էɼض䶯ȻҲû˻עĳɼˡ
̫ϧˡ֪ˣʱȥҲҪѶԷμӿˡ

ڶ죬ʱĵСöͬѧ
һ£Աߺĳ𨣬һŴȹЦ
ʱչȥ֪ʵ֣ôҲˣǲǲһ¿꣬һͬʹࣿ
ʱ챻ѧϰ˵л˶ûУֿ
ںˣĺֵܳһˣ
ڿտѧУû˼˷ܵʱ
ʱҲĶԷļԹԵϸ̾湻
֪ԼŬѧϰûа׷ѡⲻ˵һĳôˮˣ
˫ִ䣬Ųӣ̵³һ֣
շҲ֪ҪϢûа㾪ȣԶԷһͬʡ깦αóддٽ
һʱȥӼ˵º°ؼҡ˿Ҳ׼ʰ׼·
һ룬ʱö˶ûкȻһֲõԤУ㲻𣿡
ʱֻ˵٣ءŵһӣʮÿһ죬ÿ춼
Ĭˣֻ߸𣿡
ǵǰʱߣæ̫ӵջǼӵӣôһգ۾ͷˡ
ʱЦˣĳ˵ⲻǶҵĺֵ֣ܳѧϰĵ·שߣ
ϴСƻ˦ʱʱ顣
Ȼ춼Ҫġ
𨱧סʱڲѣҴʱܣҺúڣ
ʱҲЦ÷ǳģûϵҵĺֵ
Ҫΰѳˮˣⲻɹ
ۣˡ
ҪģϿڼ䣬ۿʱı仯
ǰʱͳϿʱֹȷһ˯һ¿ηվǣһߡ
־ͬϵĶѣҲ൱Ķ֡
ڵʱȣڿβʱúҲ汳顣Ҫ˯ĳһԣеø롣
ǳλӣרŸල˱顣ÿǰ᲼ùݣʾ´Ͽʱˣʱ鲻أǻᱻ
𨻹ԥʲôʱʱͷʱǰˣϴһӲõ£Ҳдˣ
ޱ𾪣Ȼ͵͵飿
ʱ̬⣺ǰ̫࣬ѻһ𷳣ɴ綼ˡ
𨱾ֻ˳̫ӵ£ҪһԣȻۼʱɱ䣬Щˡ
ɣʱôŬҪһֱˣ
ʱһǿҵΣСһһشľ
ʱ
ҿˣҲ˯ˣƽʱ·Է鱳
ۿų𨱧һдʱŹһ˵֪𨱾Եлˡ
üʵôˣ
ͷҲ̧˵Ҫѧϰ
л䣺
ǳ˵Ļ𣿣
лΪԼѳƵ̫ˣⰲοԷݽϱãѧϰһ֮
Ǵǰ̫ӵô˵϶˵鿪ʼ˯ˡ
¸¹Ӽ࿼ڼ˿ҷɡ򴽣˵ʱȥ¥ȥϷˡ
лüȻأ
ѵùѧϰΪʱԵʣʱ͹ϵƣڹӼͬúǳʱһ𨱻ԷӰҲ
뵽⣬лۡ
֪̫ӵ³ԴˡЦҪϷʱǰ£͵͵
л䣺
Ȼе㲻ϳƺȷʵǳ顣
̫ӵ䣬ֿʼűˡл俴ĳ𨣬Ȼʮָӡ
лһ룬׳ΪʲôὫʱ֣ԼԷĵǡ
ĳѹ̫ο룬ӼװԻδƾ٣żĩҲʲô¡
Ϊ˸ĸɡ
Ӳ͵ʱɸ뾡취ƶԷϽںر£һ̬Ŭʱ̲סȰο
ʱ׷Ҹϣ⼸챳д¶ħˡ
ǰУÿڹӼѧһȥ̫Ӹ߱Լż٣ǿȥϰԼ档
ڲһˡְһճȥ̫Ӹ߻ڹӼʱһòϰתͬʱҪǿѧϰ
־Ҫĳ𨶼Щסˡ
̫ӵ仰΢΢иԥʵ𣿡
л̾᣺֮ǰѽ࣬ضԼϿ
飬ɵҽʱˣ
ûʱ俴ҲûȥϷͳԶںȻû
ССģЩȷֿɰлĶˣȻвӦ
繣ȥɡ
лȻ뵽ϴȥ͹ǰæڹ񣬽մԼá
⻰һԵŹ̲סĿ
̫ӵ½磬ۼʱ̫ѧϰĳ̫ӵȻϻۣȴɼȽұ׼ߣӲˡ
̫ӵΪ˰οӣȻ˵˿˵һҲʲôµĻƻ
ؼǳҲûѧ찡ϸˣ
̫ӵԼ̲ܽ˳ӣԲŰȥϸķ𣡵Ϳ
л˵
̫ӣ̫ܿһ
̫ӣҲǲ
ѵĵ߾ûеߡ


66 
ڳʱʱ һҲ
ŨصΣÿһϵͳȷϢûдΪʲôû£
ϵͳʵ÷ˣʱôϵͳֲӣ ô֪ʲôʱ¡
ֹ˼죬 ̲סˣ˵ ʲôʱ֣
ϵͳʲô֣
ԤвԾ ʵѵϵͳж֣ Ϣó𣿡
ϵͳĵظ˵ûжӣպ ΪϵͳƶΪȫǶԷı
ڿϵͳָǸأ ͲŶԷ
ΪԼϵˣ ϵͳ֪Դʲô ܿ϶ǶԷˡ
û취ֻ͸¶жӣ ǷֻһŮ
֪ϵͳ Ц˵õ ǳô£
˵⣬ סˡ
ֻһŮ ڶǰȥǳʲô
ĺӣ
뵽̲סһϲ
ӣԼ̵ĿԱˡ
ϵͳĶۣ ûκλɡΪϵͳȻЩ һӪûҪƭ
ڳã ΪС˼ԵʣҲϢԵһ֪⡣
˵ΪͿݵԭ򣬶û檡ʮӣò˸Ů䡣
Ŵʮ֪ٲȡһѣҪ
ԼˣԼʹͿݹأҲҪӣȢޡ
£ͿӦǸСΣ
Ȼ΢ʱ̣Ϳȴȥ˱ׯºУȻһ˳ӣ
ɲɣ̫ˣ
ϵͳ͸¶ѶϢӣôпͿΪµλвҽĺӣ
˵úͿ˳󣬽ڵ壬궼δ˼𨡣пǳʱԲϣû³ȡ
ԽԽԼµࡣ
Ϊʲôƶ𨲻򸾱ĺӣΪżȻͿһ档
Ϳƣü۾Խ˵ûѪԵϵš
ԳϵͳϢ󣬵һʱ뵽ıͿ͵ˣ򸾹ͬˡ
ƶϳۺ󣬳ҡҡͷЩЩϧ
ͷϴһ͵ñӶ֪飬˱˵Ķʮ꣡
ޱͬ飬Է֪ࡣ
۴ͿͳǷ˱޹ǣʶܡ
ü˼Ҫҡ
Ȼϣۿ֪ĳҲûʧȥǡΪάʱضϢش£Լ֪ˡ
ԳеҪλ֮𾪵ףҲС£ܱǸҿµġˡ


쳣г峿𴲣д˼ʫȻڸڸУٴ챥
ҲڳԴչдʫž壬ÿĶݶ࣬Ҷˡ㲻´д¡
˵ƪҾԼдҲء
ʱԼ½ء
ŮһźӣȻԵãȻҵǰ̽״Ԫڣдʫ˶̾мֲ
𨣬ڶԷڴУ̾ȻСнҪңҲ
Լĳ𨣺
˰ǻവ㲻ҾˣﻹҪȰ
𨿴ԵõһŤͷںĸҵѧϰģ

̰ѧϰ˶ۺֽ̫ۣԷϽ
ʱ̣ȻҴϺȣ
͵Ĵ⵽˵һɥʧڼʫȨϳ˼š
Ϊʧҵˣįվںǰ˼ԼҪҪȥͶڳǽϸס
һ룬һͷСؤײϣš
СؤûеǸǽŵ˵仰˵ץסԼȾܡ
Сؤżˣͷһν˴ŵĻơʱǸҹ͸дһСؤΪԷҪԼæɱ˷Żʬء
û뵽ԷȴóһŽԼڶ콫Ÿ
㲻ܽŷߺˣҪԽ
Ǹ˸СؤӣΨһҪ
ǵͿˣʱյֱӸͿ߳𨣬Ǵݾ߰׷˼
ԳҪȷ
ֽݼˣûĸڿϵݻܵ

ͬʱҲǷصš
ԺشţȻãȻۡ
һ룬տĽһˣȫҶˣ
ĸС˱󰵼ˣ˲ɥĲ񣡣
ˡ
ֻǷϾдһ֡ˡ
Ǹ׼ʿʱ˶еͷš
ŵÿ֣ս͵ļޣֱϱQ
ղŻʧʫ˲û鱯˴ĵѪѹκˡ
Ƿţǿסֵĳ嶯ǺŲڽɨɨãûܿĻʹ
¶ڣԴͷβδ֡ͳźڼеȺϢ
Ҳףŭˣֱ˺ˡ
û¸κˣһǾ񣬵ڶǾô˷ƣʶüҲŵǡ
Ϊ¾ôȥˣԼе˭ԷŻ׽Ū
Ȼֹ˼죬յһš
ŷ⣬Ԥвá滹ֻһ֡㱻ƭˣ

ٺûٺ»öӶûУܱ˭ƭ
ûϣȻһԼݸǾ˶ӣ
˷緶ͷһڽƿڴһɺԣ̫
棬ԼŮСʱ춢ţô;ˣ
Ļʹ֪˭ˣʵᣡ
öſһӵĽ֡
ϧ̫ĻĿʻʵƶ񤡣˵Щоֱ֮ȥЩСˡɡĻʵûаɱ
˰죬Լɤˡ
ؼʱǡײ׵ڽϷءΧԶվ˼λ·İգԼΧۿϷ
Т£ʶϾдòУ˷ȴһ˲š
׼ǰͿüɤˡ
Ǹ˱ˮʵȿˮôˣ
ôһ߼˰
ǰʱڼʫˣڷչڽ϶ſʧҵô


67 
չѯʡؿڣ һˣҲ֪ĸСڱˡ
˰죬һ룬ڱ׼ؼȱջ裬 ɤӡˣ ̫
𨱾أ ְִˡ
ǰߡ
Ը⽫Щ½Ů ǳۼ⣬ ̽ͷԷϵֽ
ȻˣȤ 滹ĸӰ
ڵͿ˯ҡȳƣ˳仰
ʱ ɨ ŵöԷֶסˡ
Тӣ ʶԾʱŲӲˡ
ͿǰùǷţ Ҵҿ Цҵǲ֪滹˸ӡ
Ϊдú 򸾶֪Ůǵһʱ뵽Բָ𨣬 ˡ
˿ ˣǿ˵˵˵˵еĶֱװף
Ϳ װףϿɲô˵ŭδ Ҳ֪ûС
Լǵù͸ˣ
˺ڼдʫ Ŷûô֪ǵ˭յһһס
ΧиϵˣͿϲ˿Ц˵Ժߡ
һ·ڤ˼󣬻Ȼ֪ˣ˾ĲǳҪҰ˵ôǸҼЩĪţҿԩ
ʼ֪ⱳʲôֻöԷĵдˣǹ⺦
ͿԼֱҪŻѪˣ
װ׼ʮ꣬һȻ˿ʺӣ˸Īġӡ˻ˣö֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
˺ͿͳŪЩȥ
ͿԸӲˣʧ̬ðôţȻŲң
ѰǱдżˣ඼ؼҿӣãȫûᶼû¡
Ǹû
ԼôͿţɴ𨣬ҵûЩ߰£
ͿҡȣϢһЦЦ˵ǸҲ°
ոռƲԣ뿪أ㱻еסˡͿ仰ǰҲ˰
ǿæҡͷ˵ʲô֪ҽ쿴֣Ŵչš
ţû
죬ûǿҲ֣Ǵ𱳺֮ˣ
̫ˣ֪˭ֱɥĲ񣬺Ҫ˯鷿
ʵͿʮأôܲԷƷԡǷϱ˷ˣȻãܲͷʫɴڸ϶Էȥ鷿
Īݣֲ֤ף˯˼鷿ЩΥԼľԭ򣬲׼ȥüݣڱǱС˳ˤ
һߡ
һֱңȴû뵽ɫѿЩͿȴʲô¶ûУƺûӰ졣
пûŸ˿Լ
뵽ʱŭ䲻֡λȨƶУȻ˵򹷣ֱ˵
ûʼĲ²󣬺ҲһʰǶúͿԺñӡ
̫ˡ
񿴲ɴı˼ƻʼ֪󣬿϶̳𨻹ܼӣԸɴలڼȴ˭뵽򹷵ûеߡ
ڳıˣ͸ϺүϸˡΪˣǿ϶Ѫ
˵ɾ͸ɣڶš
ǵҵϺүҲͬϧϺү佫ȻʹˣҲǷϲĵ粻ֲȡ
ֱקסСؤͰ˵ʲôŲܵͷҽ
Сؤ
źϺүʮƽɪɪСؤ׳ϢԼɵӱ˿춼ûˡ
棬ֻж̶һ仰Ǻ֮ӡ
Ϻү龭Ѿ³Ļ֮˴ԼŪʵŻŴ
ôܻɳǲԼҺӡҲ֪ǴϢֶ֮ӣ˲ݡ
ǰҲûִţͿȥׯӣû˱Ҳɢ̬ȱ֤һС
ǵЦ󣬲ûн·ֻгۡ
𨿴ţһʱ뵽ıǳ˶Է롣
Ŵţض֪ʲôŻȷܵõϢ;ܱϵͳ
Ǹϵͳ֪٣Ϊʲôƶ
֪ǳţǹΪ֮û˵ӣ֮ӡ仰˼һ𨲻ĶӣҲԽΪ𨲢ӡ
ڶ֣ǡǺࡣ
뵽⣬ĳȥ
ǰ룬طϵͳҲȫֻ֪֪ǰ㣬͸¶˳ŵ¶Է
ʱţܻܿᷴӦ뷨ƫˣӶµࡣʱŵĶ㲻̫̫ܿӣܱ̫Ӹ
뵽Լй¶ĺġ
ˡ
Ū񣬵ֳٳٲҾ
ݲģ̫ӵ죬֪δϲ˿Ѫմǵǣϵͳ⻷
𨲻Ǹϵͳ̶ֳȡһһŪǴݾߣһŪɳ׾Էµô죿
ⲻǳ룬֪Ƶ˭鷳ԼȫҶҪǣ
漰ˣأҲЩ
ֻۣСˣ˵˼䡣
б䣬ڵĴͶĹҲԵû谵˵Ӱúܳ
죬ԸЩˣЩ´ȥЩ
ֱóȴԤǰ̵棬öԷĻòٿš
ú󣬳в֪Ӻδһԡ
˵ʫʶȡǰ֮ԡʷ䣬ʫʱ£ʱ廳һũӣִӺδܵЩ
֤ǣʢȴδд£ɽԺǹӼ࣬ÿѧÿ˲εʧ˵ǲмڹ»ڿȴпᡣ
ϾǸͨͨũӣδ˵㻯ôʦͨ
ϻϯೡʫʫ֤Լȴ֪ΪΣƺڰƲ»ԽԽࡣ
ˣ˹ȻƭӡΪϵͳԵʣʮֵֿͷö֮ʣûעĶˡ
Цض뷹Ȼϲȥ̫ӵԼˡ
ǰ̫ӵ¸֪æò࣬˿Уɽ͹
ڰǰʱ̫ӵ±¡ֻΪƾٸĸ飬æһƬԲϵڡ
̫ӵ𨵱ȻǺԥӦˡȿԺԼᣬ˳µӰֱ࣬һٶã
̫ӸЦݲãԶԶҲ
лѵȴ̫ӸڣܹЦشȤӽտʲôϲ£
ǰһվ˫ֱҡͷԵ΢ԶԶȥٷ磬֮ˣ˲ԾĽһ뵽΢ͬΣϲãпҡ
л乴˹ЦЦӽĲãظڷǱרѧʡ
̧ͦͷǵȻˡٵһ£Ҿժһˣ
鲻º׳־˵仰ʲôĲɺáҵţҾʱҾ͸дһ飡
лüȻƹ֣٩ˣ±㹧ӵļˡ
ڰ֣Цݲã˵˵ʱȻ̫ӵ⣡
лˣ˵ţҪ˵
ãһ仰ճ̣ȻҲű֤˵Ȼһԣ׷
ǿ˵ľӣ
л֣µԿ䣬Щ̿˼ԷӣҲûֻǽ·Уպѹųŵԡ
Ƭ̣㹲̤ͬ
һ͵ش̫ӸȻųɽʻȥΪܳУ̫ӵ²ûдˣҲǰС
ʻŶӣɿɵӰԷСվȺУɫԶԶҲ֪ǲǷ˰ӡ
ƽǾԲԸԷֻװûϾԸǳĿ̱˶̫ӵ£˭һųҪôЦҪôĻܲˡ
οɹϵҲ㲻Ϻá
ɾǰķ֮ӣ·ûˣƺ˵㣬ҲûʲôôʡûеԷҲ߾ƨɡ
ǳ購ֻҪֺ̫ӵ±㹻ˡɿ˳ֲӰǰ̡
ǻǰƼɣضװûƼ
ʱͬա뵽ʱἰɣԼԷͱõĹϵϳҲԷк
ʻʱƿӣԲԵɵҲҪǣ
ɲڵĳ̫ӵ£ֵص˵ͷ
ʺãǾ̫ӵͬģԸ¶ԷĿӡ
ڶԷĿУ˵̫ӵ¸лǰǽ顭
̬̹¹ص£ɲδɡ
վ⣬̫ӵ䡣
׼ʻû˳һ䣺ҲҪɽ𣿡
˵ǡ
˿ϧϧ׼ǰɽϡ
Ȼͷ׼غʱ˵ӵңɽϷ羰ͬ
ʵ˴ϲͷ㣬ר̤ȥ𻨣ɾȥҲûʲô
һˣֻСˣҲЩġ̫ӵ£һͬ;ʵȤˡ
Ȼɾ͸ڳ󣬻ʼ̫ӵ̸ͳ£ƺǴһˡ
𨣺
ûиԼҮ
ǣѵҪһȥ𣿡
룬ͷ˵ҲУ˳·
ɵˣлҲЩΡ
ǣڿ𣿣
ЦˣɵǾöԷ˲
ϳ̫ӵ̸ˣĶ֮лܲܺ
лί۳𨣬һ˽Ŀƾٸĸһ¡ԽԽģԭԶλõԾ̫ӵ¡
𨱾̫ӵ¶棬ڱɼòһԡĻⲻ˵Ļ⡣
ɸûʶĲ̸Ũ;˿ڲ裬˳˿ϵĸ㡣
ʱ꣬ٴκ̫ӵ¹ͬΡҲ׼ԼϲĳʳʱһԼͻһ߳Сԣɡ
õģǡñ׼Ķ
ɳ˿㣬׵ζһ顣
𨣺
̫ˣݴ̸ˣȻҸԼ׼ʳ
˫Թʮ㡣
лƼӣû̲ͬסЦˡ
ʱ𨲻һ䣬ɴԼǷֵˣ˭֪
ɽ·ϣɿҶ㡣п˻ӷӽ̾һʫ
̫˱黹ǿԿһ׺ʫ
ԼдʫȻ˾˾ĸ룬˾ʫΣ
𨣺дͷ
㻵ű̸Ժϲûֽ
л俴ˣЩΡдʫû⣬ֻǸɣƳҪˡ
֪ʫˮƽл֪ûгͬɵ顣
죬ûͬ⡣˳̫ӵµĿ⣬𨣬ŻȻԼ͵ĵͶˣƺ˳ӡ
תͷ𨣬ʵʲô
˵룬éʱעȥˡ
ɣ


68 [滻]
ȴҲû ֻ޵Цһ˾˱¡
仰Īܸоǻ
ʲôˣǺʶӴֻСãҲ֪Է⻰ָ˭
Դӳ𨷢ֶԷ͹Ĺϵ ɶԳ˵̬ȴ䣬 ȴҲת١Ȼղ֪ΪΣ ɴʱ䶼ֻ̫ӵ̸ ԳλδֳЩ䲻ȡ
ԸŹ֣ ں뷨ҲûԷ仯
Ǻܺڣ ʱԼΪʲôҪ˳ԷںúõԼС
ͬʱ𨻹Ҫ˼̫ӵµദ ⱻɷ֣ ɸеƣûȤ
ɽã лȻ̧ۣԳԸĳߵСϪдͥԺЪϢ һ 
𨵱˿ ĵˡ
ɺ־ȤͶ ̫۵ĽǳԼʫʣ һŷⲻͷ
ûʲôȤʫǰûȤˡ
磬°ʱ䰡
˭°˳棬Ҫְҵظ쵼۹Ӱడ
һ·̫ӵº̸۵ĳҪ Ͳͷˣ ̫ӵҪ֧Լ ˡ
ߵʱûԼһۣСذԼǺиˡ
еҪ̶ȣֱһĿȻ
л䣺ǰ˵Ҫдء
⣿
ôһ˲䣬Ҫгûĵˡ󵽵ûпڡ
𨱧Ÿ㣬˳СϪһ·ȥؿһͤ
＾ͻʱڣ̫ӵ´ɽȴûжˡϪˮԼСϺҶڷҡҷ뿪ӵܺȻð
ղŻЩƵģҲȻο±ƽʱԶʱ˿ʯ£ŲԶϪˮԹԵسԸ㡣
һӣлˡûдŹǣǶǰ
Ϫˮ΢ּżĵһɲľ㡣
лʱһ£ͷڣüĶţɽ˳Ʈݡ
Ǽ̫ӵ¶ٴΣҲȻᱻԷòޡ
л䲻ŮǰĿڳϡ
ָ֣Էϣȥĸӵǿ
˵ͬңʵȴ˳Եıܺԥض
⿴˻뿪ʱ̤Ӱʼδعͷһۡ
ʱעΪڣ뷽ʰ̯ӵ³ˡ
𨲻֪Լղ뿪̫ѣڱ̫ӵ¼һʡҧ˿ڸ㣬̾˵ɵ飬΢һˣҲֻܿˮԵ㶫ˡ
л֪ɣҲƽϡ˹˵ǣ߰ɡ
˳Ϫ·ȥ˻û׷أ
лǣ֣쳣һĹѼ̻سˡ
ߺ˳ɵĻ⣬˸ڣԽճеĳǣɻȥдһƪزۡ
̫ӵ²¶ɫɲ֣µˡ
ҲΪʲô̫ӵ֧˳𨣬ΪǳڳȻҲҪԸԷŲԵͻأ
⣬ʱ뿪ʮɽˣȻ棬Ҫ̻سӰࡣ
سҲõɱ̫ӵ¸Σȫݣڻʱ
Ҳֻпһ룬̫ӵµľʮ޳ɡ
ϾҲ뱻ʫˡ
ߺ󣬳ʱɶˡҪ˼ɣ̫ӵ»Ҫע벻Խ磬ⱻԷ
ƽʱãҲһȤר̳棬ʣµʱ̫û˼ˡ
лǣ֣һ·ƳϪˮͷĹȥ
б£Ϧӳɽּ䡣лµʮָۣԡУŹ¡
Ļ⣬ڼͷ˿ϣ̲סȥӡ
лվԣĿϣһ˲Ҳ⶯ݡ
ڻ

ɽʱ䲻磬ɽЩˡ壬лͳ𨶯ǰɽסһɽ
ǵһ̫ӵ³סޣҲôġ
ЪϢĵطλɽ䣬һԺԺɽ֮УȴªӦ̫ӵıׯҲƵĵطԳҲȡ
ɽׯһСϪͥԺɢζһȪ
Щ΢ȪЪϢⷦࡣƽʱ϶ѾҪȥȪˡ
γû㡣
ϲϲȥȪˣԵ̫ӵд⣬ͬԡǾܾͬأ
϶ӣܾûɣóͬ⣬򲻸ҵġ
Գ΢󣬱װ²ģ׼Ҹ뿪
˭֪̫ӵ˼䣬ֵ²ϲůȪлطԡˡ
ڳҲмůȪıׯÿ괺֮ʶȥãϲůȪŻˡ
ϲȴװԸлܲµԷеǣ̾Ϣͬʱ⡮͡һ
ʵʹ˿̲˵лҲûůȪ
˶ʱлȻûҪӣŮӣҪ˼һˡ
л󣬱ת뿪
𨵱Ȼ벻̫ӵѾ֪Լݣ˼ŮݲŻΪ֮Ҳû˼ֱ˶ԷĻϾ̫ӵҲûƭ
̫ӵദã֪ԷƷԡло֮磬˵ϲůȪҪطȻе顣
𨵣ĵⱻĵȥůȪˡ
ɽһ·ۣ͵ɽּһ죬ҲеЩˡ
ˮȣԺˮУ֪ʱ˯ˡ
ΪԼݵԵʣԡ¶С˿ոˡ
лԡ¹Լп˻飬ȥгʱŷֶԷȻûط
飬ˣ֪𨻹ůȪС
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л份˼תѡۺüЩԺɤŴɫˣ
ˣл䲻ͷһšѵЩ˿ҲҲ˵ڡ
л飬κμ˲ֺ
ش󣬳ŷǰ˲Ů̫ӵ££
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˵̫ӵ²ϲůȪҪطԡ󣬲ŸҷĶůȪһ˯ѣ㿴ԷǰǵٴҲܵȻ֮
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л俴ºȻůȪ볢һ
վⶺ˵ͬӣȪҲ˻ţ
ĻŵһԼôܲŰ
ȪʱȻȻûн⿪أȴûдܲΪȪ¶Ȳߣʱˣĺܲˡ
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µǴ˾ôƶ͸¶һƺʱҪȪplayĽడ
뵽⣬ʱˣƨΣӣ
Ϊ0ΣҼʾܾӲǰʼ̫ӵ±㱣־֮磬㽥άһޡ
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ԽԽ࣬Ȼ̫ӵմɽ棬˵ͼı졣
ͻůȪʫ黭ʮ㣬һҪծ
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ſʯϣ˼ˮ롣ʪı۰ˮʱʱ֡
СлС˼һĿȻ̲סЦЦ
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ǰŮ˿Ʈɢˮ棬毺ü۾¡ˮͷǼ⻬䣬Ӳ׹󻬹ǣˮС
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ˮУ˼ˮо֣ǣ־ţһֽĺ崿Ķˡ
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лԭʲôܣȻһ˿ζ
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лЦⶺʵӾأ
ˣӿ϶ԼղŵĲ롣̫ӵ½ôãıԺΪƨɡ
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̫ߴˣѾһžϹë
Խ˵ԽԶǿ׳֪ϧ壬Ժһˣ˰
л˵˵ü̲ס
ֻҪһӵĳӣ˭϶Էǵͷۡ
лЦˣǰղ˵Լ׳һҹĽֱɲˣ
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ôôʱ򻹼ƽ¡ϴţǺ
ȻûУҲԼװʮװ
лڡɴվ˹ؽۣɢ˵ԣ½ձůȪһԣҪκúö塣
Ķʧɫȵȵȵȣ
̫ӵ¶˶Լ˶
л䱾Ϊվûססͷ͵Ц˳
ղǸ˯ѣЩԺҲˣ̫ӵºֻǹⶺʵûˮûůȪplay
ûȥˣ̫ӵµĽһŶû
ڳߵĿУл丩ףǳǳĶͷ
ʵϢ֡̾ϢҪһ³ӣ֪ѡ
𨱻ʱһãȻɵɵۣ峺գҲգؿ̫ӵ¡
˵ֻ׵ĻղûҪô
ϣһ򿴵úܿԼƨǵߣûʲô⡣
֪̫ӵֻ֮ҪףղžͲɵɵ˵ʲôȰ̫ӵ±壬ҪԺһˡ
л̧۱еãȻʱ̲סЦ
ͳһл֮һ֣仯ӡһ뻹һַա
лһ˲Ἣˣǳǳ˳һ£תȥˡȳ𨴩룬ůȪгʱȻ⡣
繣ָ֣סԷ֣ҲǹԹԸ
Ժҡҷͷˡ
ָ⴫һ¶ȣǲԾ
ܿѹ´ǣģƵ˵ʵҸղǿЦģûвС
л䣺
ʱĲףСԹÿ쾿ʲô
ʱ̣ȻھвУ
뷨ܴ⣬ǾԼôಹôõĺܲϴλרΪ̫ӵִáòϴͷΣ϶Ͳٴ˰
л俴ԵŮü𣿡
̧ͷл䣬峺˵̫С
лҲЦˣĿʮᣬһֿɵӵĿݣŶ
³𨣬˵ȻˣȳеʱǸԡ
룬Ҳͬˣаɡ
ţҪǮ
ڱԺһҹڶһ̫ӵ±˻سǵ
ȻůȪʱĶЩ̺ͽǷǳġɽҰĹϦԼůȪеǣԼһӶǽ顣
壬𨲻ȥӼҲҪȥ̫ӸĵرQ׼طϢȻ㱻סˡ
ڴУӰҲֻǵȴ˶á
ǰ֪̫ӵµĹϵˣ˶֪лϵ⣬ǹͬҹޣȻĵǡ
ס촽ضɵϱ£̫ӵ꽥ΪȢ޿֦ɢҶ
⧲һ£ʶǱ²ǲȢǡ
ɫЩ
ŮԷ飬ǿű£ɶ֮⡣
Щ겻ûΪȢޣ̫ӵΪӣδӣôĳҲϵơ
༸ȢޣҶ࣬Ӷˣȴһˡ
˶֪Ϊʵ۲Ը̫ѹŲΪȢޡ
Щ̫ӵҲһֱΪڸϾǻʵЩʮ꣬ʱ̫»ûãµ´
ǰ꿪ʼҲ֪ǵ˵ʲô̫ӵЭһʱ䡣˵ƺ˶
ʵ۲ϸ̫ȢޣԸöԷµӣǲֲͬˡ
Ǵǰϻʵ۴ʲɿڡıһǴǰʱ̫Ӽ˴λҲ̫
ʱ
ų𨣬ʱʲô
̫ʲô
ǳӣˣҪԴҪο̫ӺŮŮ
ĿԶĸ̫ɽڶղɽձȻ˵˼˴˶
Ϊ̫ӽջҪǻسǵʱ磬߳ҫϣȴûиоů⡣
Щ䡣
µбΪԱȣȻʱȴůġ
û˵֪׵˼
ۿŮϲ𽥱ޱ飬ΪǰλĮǵĳӡ
˵ʹǼٵģòô
ʹһΣͲһʹ
ŮڵͲףŮװð۾ٰ֮ӣӦӽ
̫׽ᱻ֣Է١
ģ㲻ŮʱֹԷ
뵽һҹδŮ鸮飬ԼԷ绶ϲ̬Ѿ˾ϡ
Դǰδеĺӣպ㣬ϣ㲻Ҫߣ
ͳʿƽǱЩµĵг衣
Ҫ購֧֣Ҫͻʵ۲岻ܻҷ磬ҲӦ
ļҷȽڣҲʵĺӣڶѵʱ졣ҪֽѵҲܵ÷ɿ졣
ȻһΣѵԼʱͷβ죬ͷһԡ
˵ʲôͿӦǵõϢڵش˽ʲôߣ˵ĺԼ棬Ҳ֪˭дˣ
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ϷʹˣߵЩ˿̲ǡýš
̾
ߣǸͿ˵ĻʲôͿ𨣬۵ҵưɣ
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ĸصҲЦ˳
ͿŮЦҲ΢΢˿
ų𨵽ԼԺӣµˣԥڵΪá
ͷ˵֪ġ
ղһƱ֪Ȼһҹû˯Ҳ֪ǻʲô飬ںС
Ůװ˼Ҳִ뷨Լ̫ӳҲûʲô£ϾǸסķ䣬ͺִγһ
УԼŮӣ̫ӵһҹδ飬Ȼᵣǡ
ͿŮûмǺԺùЩȻʱȴǲԸŮԷĿɳ
ֵ̫̾ӵ飬Ҳʹĸˡ
ͿɵݹдϢʥϴԼҪɿˡ
ͿĸױǴ󳤹ʥϵĹĸ̽ϢȻ˾Ųʮ
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Ϣ𨲻֪ʲô뷨
һֳ䶨ĸоһκͺЦΪԼҲΪС򸾡
סĸ׵֣Ц֪ôǲصҡ
ϵȫ˵˵ԼŮݡͷβ̸ֻ̫һûн
˺þۺɢ̫պĵҲܵĺȨڡ
ҲԶһѣ̫Ӷأ֪ݺԭ
Ȼأ
̫ӻıݽʱ󹬼ǧѵҲҪŮһȥ谮
Ī⣬׵Ķ𨲻ԸȥģҲȥġ
Ѿˣ̫ȷʱҪԷϵڵĹϵȻ˻ؾĹϵ
ʱ̫ӵǷ񻹻ʱҲûôˡ
һֱúҲˣʱû˿ԥ
Ϳı飬Ȼɫʵѹ𣿡
ĸ׵Ǳȸϸ壬ĳǰ̣Ƿġ
һ£˵һɣá
̫עҪ̳дλһҪȢޣԼҲ϶ҪϿȥʲô˼ء
ֻһֱΪ̫ҪǻŻȢޣȴû뵽ԼԤûҪ졣
Ϳ̧֣Ůգ˵һһһġֻһݣָܷˡ
ؽ̳𨣬˵ָܷ˵ģǲа
ΪŮװݣδעġͿҲٽ̵Էص飬ΪΪԷϡ
𨱾ݶأɫ˥ڣλߵĶ羵ˮ°ĥ
ͷ˵֪̸ֻһȫ˶ܵ
ϾˣתƻĸǾģŻҵ游ɡ
ͿһȻˡ
ƺ뵽ʲôȻ˵ҲӾһʲôС
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ͿµһҵʱȢҵŵ֮⣬żʲô
Ųѡ
˫ڴϣ̲סԵôҵ˰
ͿȻ˵Һð
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˿ŹԲ𾪵Ŷ
ͿԵãסĸңӦԼˣ᲻Ȣ
𨼱æȻأΪʵɲ檣ȴû뵽ﵨô󣬾ȻʵȢ
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ͿȻôʣɼ
ͿŮһۣ˵ȻûС˵Уôỹ㣿
뵽⣬ͿЩľû޸ˣû˳ŮĲᡣ
һϾĶƴһӣ̲ס²˵˵Ű˵Ҫá
ͿЦˣûҪҾͺҡÿֺÿûˡ
Ż֪̫ӵ󣬲˲ͬ뷨
̫λȨأֵͬһ죬
ͿŮͷڴһҪҸãϲ֮ˣ˲ŲҶ
Ϳʮ˸Ůڻг֮ǰԺԼ˺ӣһʲô
ۺҪӣҪȥͶ̫ӣӦͬ⣬Ƶͬ⡣
Ҫִ޸̫ӣȥҲ취·жѡ

Ȼ֪̫ӽҪϢڶȥ̫Ӹʱȴǲɫû˿仯ͺ֪¡
Ǵǰ뷨ȻѾ֪ûзǰͺú̸
ǡǰϦлţٹ꣬Ǳһ¡
˫ִ䣬룺Ź֡
˵ˣ㻹Ǻ̫ɡ


69 
ʱҪ빬žۣ ҲҪļ˶ȹлš
з֮ʣϱˡ
зʵ鷳зʣ ೢЩлϲ Զְ˼һԵŹϢ ޲Լ¡
Ҳûϲз ޷ǳԸʱʡ̫ӵ¶ˣ ܲܲ԰ɣһҲûһڣ á
Ҳ԰ײԣ͵һԲŴպ̫Ȣ˷ֿˣ ҪҲûˡ
ôһ룬 ٶһֻ
պԼˣ Զҫ˵ʵԸзء
ôһ룬 ȻԼǳڴ ʼֳവţĴʡ
ùź ˱Ժͤȣ ٱƵͬʱ ң¡
΢ƣ̧ͷƼһ¡
˫ֻлȴڿ Ŀˮ з
Ȼعͷ ǡײС
Ƭ̣Цݲã£ÿ˵Ĺϵ°Ȼע̫ӵ¡
л䵭̧ۣЦŶ
òϿҸ̾ûзֿѾʼˡ
˶Ϊ˵ǻظֻг֪Լĺ塣
ٺÿҲվʱ̡
ҹɫʱҪ̫Ӹظ
ԹԼϲȴֲҰ
һ֪̫ӻᵽ˵ȵزŮȵɶˡ
ϧûûиı⵱ӣҲл̫ӣⳡ
һΣҲڡ
뿪̫Ӹ󣬳̤áҡڻسǵ·ϣ̲סƿϵ
峺ӳ¹⣬С૵Ըɡ
ϣ游ĸ尲ϣɣϣдʫ
ԼֿԸֺȻϣ̫ӵ˳ǻһͳɽӣ˳졣
Ǹ˽С
ףǰ̹ȴףٵˣþã롣
ţб´

ֻ˹Ӽࡣ
ǰʱΪûصڶıɾʮ㣬һȱʱ͵͵ѧϰ
ʧΣûʲôʧȥĶ
̨ϵķƳ˯óƤֱܡ
˸Ƿ̽ͷʱԷڿһеĻ
̫ˣҶûѧϰأ
˯ʵУ¶Ĺâ֣Сʱܣ¡͵͵˯ѧϰвС
ʱ
ʱ𣬺ԥشӦˣû⡣
¶Ц˵ҵĺֵܣô˵ˣ
׼˯뻹ǲģֶһ䣺㲻ҪӦңȻ˯͵͵ѧϰҡ
ʱĬһȻʵôңǲ㾭ѧϰ
𨣺
ûУ˵ôͷ˫ִ䣬װû˯ˣ˵
˯ãʱѾҪˡԵʱרעؿʱʱŻ÷ӡ
ۣȻʵȥ¥ԿѼ𣿡
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Ȼ֪ʲô̫ӱȻʮӣ˵ûгĹͣʱš
Ѳ
ʱں޲ʱӣѵе飬̿Σ
Դӳ̫ӵٺʱ̿ˡ
ȻǿҪʧˣʱҲŬѧϰ˺ܾãǿԼиͷɣ
˵ɾ͸ɣŷӲע⣬ʱ
ֱ¥ʳȥ飬󻹹Ȧ֣һϡŹֵ
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˸ʱյѹƣԼţ˲ʧеǰδеġ
Ϊú󻹵ȥ̫ӸʱظϲΣɴҲ˵һȥ̫Ӹ̫ӱ棬˳鿴ܲܰķӳʵڲмټҲð
ÿôӣǶסˡ״ԪҲҪһһָܲéٿ˴οƾٱɣ
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л䲻ǰյ˹ӼӹڳʱӿεϢ̧ۣͬʱ֣Ц㡣
ͥԺСлҶïʢӦŮ£·˿һЦпʱ⡣
лǰųʱ÷ͶԺȴֳ£ԼЦ˵Ǿ仰
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˿𨹴ǽ˭ȿⱾԵүѾ5
ʱʱȻЩ䡣²鿴̧ͷ̫ӵµĿ⡣
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˵ǰ̫ӱҲûͳദӣôȻھͲˣ
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˼µ飬ǲҪϹκˡ
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շԼԷһͬ棬ʱʮҪ̫ӵջǼλӣû뵽ֱˡ
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ûйֳ𨣬ȴԹ򸾴С𨵱ԷڶֲŮദޡ
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οл䶼ҪˣԼֻǸ߽ЩҪָᣬʵû˼
еԽԽ˵οҺʱװףҺʲôĻֵҡ
лɫһӳȥ
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70 
Լδǻ кʥϻ񣬶һ֪һַաл䱾Լδȫסǰ˵ࡣ
ҪȸõʱΪֵʱϲмͲ
Ŵ˱ܣ Ӳã лʶ δǹδ
׼ݣ ĬȢˡ˳ٵ һʱ䣬𨾹ȻȻʱҪ뿪̬
лԳݣ ٴ׼ȥˡ
ŮװƭʥϡΪӽı֮ڹһ֣ۡ
лʥϺ εĸ ʱνáһ𨱻ҴŮݣ ȺȻʱǰ̫ӵеһ
лΪ Ӧڷֳݵĵһʱ䣬 㲻ɫԷԶ̫ӵģ Աڶ·ǰС¶ԼλӰ졣
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лĮȻʵǲ˶Դ𨣬޷Ϊϧ
лʣ Գ𨣬 ֮ ԷһӦ󲻹ζ֣Ȼĵҽ
л俴ĳ𨣬ƽ˵öŵѪ˽ƭڻԣδĴˡ
ڹ˽
У뵽ԶԼ
лעų𨣬ƴûʧ
鲻һԵȣ뽻βܳá
л˾ʮŲȴʼչĿӲ⿴һۡ
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лǰǲ²ڵʲô˶Էʱ䡣
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ϴοһʱԷڼҲֱˣ𨵱ʱЩãȻ
ʱѧã֪жá
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̫ӵͽƣԽƱ磬Ժҳһš
һʱ䣬̫˵һ䣺ҪǼ˵ʱɣٸһᣬҿ϶
Լô˵ƻ̫ӵ뻹ˡ
̫ˡھͺܺڣԼʱΪʲôҪȻΪʱƽҪ̫ӵ³ܡ
ںˣһԶˡ
ʱ¾ֻ֣ľ̫ʢŭ֮£
ҳҲһشǸɴˡ
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ڴϣŴ¹ⷢԺȻûл䵱ʱʣ˯
ڶڴϷá
һϵֱ̫һҹһֻȻʵУܹȥ˼顣
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ˣ˵ԼŪڹ֮ϣǹˡ
Ҫôأ
ȥ̫ӽͣǳô˸ԷֿԷ𣿽ȥ̫ӸʱǷ뿪ӼٵˣյĹλδдӼᱻѵɡ
ԽԽңһʱ侹Ȼ֪ԼʱӦʲôáǸӦȥ̫ӽͣóϿҵԷǸ
𨲻̫ӡڶԷгΪһ˽ڻԵŮ˺֪Ҫ̫ӡ
˼ȥȻԼŸ١
ȥӼ࣬Ҳȥ̫Ӹˡ
еѻһ𣬳Լۡ
ΪŮװݣսսѣСĽ˷֡
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ڵ֪̫Ѿ֪࣬ͷŵĽ£еľʯῪһظ
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71 
һ ֣µ˵л䣬Ӧҡ
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л룬´Ҫѳ𶯲С治ԸشԼѵ׷
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ǿֽлʵⶫܹ𣿡
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л䣺һġ
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۾һֵ಻ðҹŶ
Ϊϡ䱦˾ڣǿֽÿ̫ӵ˵һϲ̵ؽˡ
л䣺
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Ϊ¸Էйء
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ǰװû£ȴ͵͵ȥã񶾵ԸǱлȢ˹֡
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бϻʵճ򸾣ǰѻ˳ĳ𨣬¼ǾԼǻ˴ˡ
Ҳ֪ԼЩ֡ڸϲСЩСۡ
²ֶԴҲʲôȵˡǰѷˣ˽ϣԷԺ˶ûã
ʱ̫ӵ¶ôãֻԷǰ̣ԵءοԷָ͸ˡ
ʵ֤Ӧе£½Сĵ㡣
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72 
򸾵Ӱ ȻúܲԾȻʲô
ϴǼҼãΪڱϻʵ죬˿ĸ֣ ָûʲô¡
Ȼ 𨻹û߽ ˵ϣ Т£ 뱣ӵ̫лԵ˳ˮ·ˤӡ
ոտĳ𨣺
ﰡ õĿĶͬȻ˻ġ
п߽Щ 㻹ʲôҪ˵Ļ𣿶ԣ 㣡
ָʾŲ㣬 ԥȰ˵ûҪԼûн·С
 ϲ£ ϴλΪͬһϻʵۣ ȫż
Ϳ вͬ ȴֲҾֻܾηηá
һȰ˵һ̵ؽе¯壺˸Եʲô
гһ ŵؿͿԹ
Ϳüۣô֪û⼸ʳԵˡ
ף ⶼΪ̫ӡ
ԵΪЩ߰СʳŸ첲 㷭ˣе⼸ոϵѶԹˣÿ˯ͣʲô£
Ϳ
ջ֣鲻Ը˵װģءƣⶼǰյ㡣
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Ů鶯¶ͣͿǵĶԷˡ
̾ƵΣʹʹ
ԴϴαϷѵ˺󣬳ٶ۵ҲڶΪζԴԥġ
ŮģԼҲùȻ۳𨣬ȴǲԼʱ֪Է̫顣
ԣԵͿȴЩһѣʹʹʹϡ
͵ĳ𨶼ﴫĶײ׹Լĵĳһѡ
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ӣĺӡ
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ᵽ⣬ͿҲĬǰոĸ浽һ죬ָŮ
࣬ȴѡ򸾺ϺүϷ˶ǻãһӶҲγõˡ
ȻһӵӣõˣǿڶԶԷ˵أ˺ܳá
̸ۣһֱ
֮ǰʮСģΪԼرΣȴû뵽֪ˡ
װ֪򸾽յ£˳ȥ
ǰ򸾱д˹ǣָԭݣܾûû뵽ôùȥȻûз㡣
¸ĸģ֪ĸİԲǡ
ҲԼӵݣҲʱı䡣̫ܺӵ˵࣬Ҳû̸ۼ޵ĵزŵԺҪڳ˸ء
𨱾ԥҪҪ֪ĸ̫֪ʵݵ£򸾵ȥ

ó󣬳һ·ǰԼԺӣȴ·ר̵ȺĹ顣
Ŵȹڿ첽СѾͷں棬Ρ
һ߽̲סʵӱ磬̫Ӹϣûмɰ
һ£ûС̫ӵе˺æ𨶼ÿնȥ̫Ӹɽղں
˵𰸣һԼʪ⡣
΢΢üôˣ
æԼ̫ӵ飬ûעɡ
Ȼɹϵ㲻ϺãԷƷҲָ֪ɡ֪ͶԷºҲûкܽš
ǰ˽ʹһʲôʱס
ʱЦ˵˵ջسã²Żعְõ£ʱϡ
Ȼõģ㲻ˡ
ڿӣƺԾ
𨲻ʻãһʹҪˣӱˣ̫ˣҺԺûйϸˡ
ͷƤ飬벻ۣ߸һ黳ˣ
üͷųȥԼԺ⣬öԷºȱޣ˵ʲôˣ
̫µˣɱ۸飬ԲŹԷ
ͷ˵ӱ㲻֪Ѿкˣ
һɸûȢޣĺӡһˣԼӡ
عصĸżУûȢǰһ㶼Ůڡɵ֣
ɶʮаˣͱ̫ӻƽʮʱѾˡϥӣг϶ڻȢޡ
˿ֲţ㲻֪£
鲻֪£Ȼȥӽɣ
Ҫ࿴˼ң𨲻ԣжǰôһ
죬ҵȻ֪
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뵽ʱ龰ԽԽ㲻֪ڲǸɣǸӱˣ
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𨱾˵䣬鲻ҲĬĬЩһԹȺڡ
ʵΪȻɼӣԷҳѧ̫ӿأδǰ̹
һҪڳҸλԺյķ˴κͶԷֿպɻҪõķѡ
ӹȻܽܡǹȻǶԷ뷨Ҫ
𨿴飬СŭŻοΪ𣿰ˣ㲻ϲˡպܻиʵˡ
Ļϵˮ˲ûˡֲᣬҲŲΪأΪҡ
üʲô
þۺɢΪˣҲ̫ûˡ
֧֧᲻˵ϲСѾͷûסԹ˵ԹСס
Ҫˣһ°С
ڳĿУ֧֧ҵʱܽܣ䡭
ԽԽˡ
裬˳ʵôİ
ͷ˵ݵ΢ǸɣȲӱ԰
ںˮһڲ˳ȥ
Ǻ˰죬ȵˣܻɹıɱ
ҵĺã޿
Լ̽ȥҪַֿⲻǽǽ𰡣
ѹǰÿÿüۣҷ硣
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е棬ζСõİԣô㣿
һʣˣ˵˳ó˵䲻ңҪλСպܼ޸ĺ˼ҡ
Ų豭пɻͦзȡˣ˵Լ䲻Сá
۵һͿˣʲôأֲɵӣ
죬ֹ
㲻ɵȥ˼˵ݵͣרԱȡ



73 
ǳˣ ñԼ⻹Ǻ˱
ԴӼ̫ӵ󣬱ײΪСʹвִΪѣҲȥ Ȼҹ ̫Ϊѡ
ϴα̫ӵµ㲦 𨷢ԼƮƮȻˣ ӽУ 㳯ϸִҲ˴˸̨¡
ΪѾף 購ͼ鳼б
ǰڻʵۣڵģȨգҳ١
ߵĴڣ Ϊû ŵóӴȨա
ǰȨΣ ̫ӵµΪ˺Ѿȫ뷨ˡ
벻룬 ܸܲҲҰ
̫ӵµǣ 𨻳Լһ Է̷֣ ȻŪ
ʹ ΪλȨĿɳ˲֪٣ûΪԼ̫ӵĸԸԸλãλӿܡ
죬 ̫ӹǲ۲۵Ļ ƻûֵλ ѱ͵ôˣþ͵
ԳһһΪ˽ĳ購ְҵܶ購ܳسϵûãһ̫ĺѰ졣
ǻʵ۷Ը£ڳдʩ飬Ȩ󳼶㣬£ܰûʵ۵
ܳسǳ֧˵˼ʵµģҪֻҪʵ۲ǻͻòȡʱ˭֪Ҫȡᡣ
ڣѾԱˡ
̫ߣԷ뷨̫ӷ⿴ɣҪڵǻζԷ
뵽պ󣬳ͷѾʼˡ
鲻֪ĹǣԷݺݱԹһͨɣ̲סӱ磬ʱûʹҰ
ĬˣֹʹΪһͨء
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ˡѾ˵Щûʲôˡ
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ԼҲͷϣ֪뵽ʲôһǿûбˣҺԺûйϸˣ
ᣬ뵽֮ǰǸδҲˣ߷ߵ˵һƲңպһҪ޸ķ
𨣺ҵĺãⲻ˼Ʋ㣬ȳ˼ݵ΢
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˵жݵ΢ҪҸķҪ
üģ֪֮Ϳĸ࿴նһ¡
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Ҳû˵ɵ飬ǸͿһ±ѹʮþ춨ˡ
Ͼ˿ڼ򵥣ñױᣬʱ䲻ףʱ䳤ˣвõĴţӰû¡
Ϳǰʱæűö׵飬ֻṩѡԷûϣҲôˡ
ڳ𨿪ڣͿŮĻЩиǳŹ᳡ϣΪöԷ࿴
Ϳ˲ӣʵĶɽѡ
Ϊ̫ӵеĵλ˴˵׵ĶҲࡣ
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ϧٺãȴ޷ﵽҪ
ΪǰδԵʣЩˣԸ
Ȩƹ˵ĺӵܣǳòÿǺԺɾЩȢҡ
ɣڹУЩԼұ𨶼Ȳϡ
λӺգǽĺˣ̫ӿءҷ檣Լ޽㲻صӵȷ¡
䲻æЩʲôͿŮᣬʱ˴£ЦԷ̫ǰĺˡ
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󣬹֧֧᲻ϵͷӦͿƲûԼϸѡЩˡ
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Ϳƿ꣬ôɵһľԼҵĹŮ
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α֧ӿƾٸĸ飬±ͼ޸˼ĸӹϵ
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ıƼҾɲûκƼҵ˲ɴעǴ˴ᵽڱߵλʿЩ￴
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Ҳ֣Ц˵ǰʱռ£æ꣬㼱̫ӸΪ·ˡ
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ʧ֮УԲʺƨ¹ȻӢ䣬㣬ʲô¶㣡
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л䣺ΪҲ֪ʲô


74 
һ ˶ԶԷڹӼһͬѧϰź
л΢һ룬׳С˼ЦŴȤǾ辶
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л뵽еĵù һʱЩЦ˳񣿡
ʵ֣ ̹̹˵ǰ
Ȼ˻ֻӦ̫ӵĴ𰸣 ԭȴֻгԼ
ӦǴϵͳõϢǰʱŻ˵Ǻӡ
𨵣ǳպ³࣬ ҷԼһɢʫǳ öԷ粨
˾ٳöԷͷö ˼Լ ó׷ĲӣȡƷѻƪ͵ ʹ˵Ļۿۡ
պ֪࣬ ˵ԼŮװ ļҲ󽵵͡
𨾫ƣ ̵ã ʱվҲˡ
óصӼŶԷμӿˣһʵǲݰʵ
ԳŻҪ̫֣֮óصӼ࣬ ʵҪһ
Ůװ漰۾֮ ̫֪ˣ вԼͼˡ
̫ӵĹϵ𨱾ΪʮþȣȴδлĬƬ̣˾ٵҲ˴ţѰգ˴ο޷Ը
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л飬ܲµԷԭˡ
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ԼԽԽ࣬ƣӦȻԼ޷߿ƾ֮·ھĵ̡
Ȼ˵λߣȴôǮ
ŬԼǰһЩԽС˵ֲοϵͳԴĿأͼһЩܹ׬׬ķӡ
ɸѡһͨ뵽˱ǡ
ǵ򵥣ɱߣҺӭϲϲá
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ҲûɵΪܹһĶûпɽԼܹ⡣
Ŀɽ˻ʵۣ̫ӡ
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λ󳼾úеɷ׷׿񣬵ȴԷĻش
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տ̫ӵǰֵʱ̣ϧȻʱҲ磬˵ϸģ
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治С
ȫȻԼҲ磬˵ǳ̫ƽϡ⼫Ʒ߼ѶԷùǺ
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еû˲ˡ


75 
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Сƽʱ¶ɫ ȴ츳һסûסȥԷˡ
̫ӵƳöӨıǣˣ ²ӽģ еıǣ λ󳼱һͬͰա
̫ѣ ΧĴ󳼣 ȻѹԼǷ̫֮Ϊڸ߹ǰƹǣ ԼǰҪôܸƽ˴¡
ʹǰһǾӨ࣬ ζϼѣ λ󳼶˼СΪǵ´£ ˻ȥ±ҫܿ쳤ʳôǵķ

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ǰ׽ѩ ʱ˸ϯʫûһᱻ˱ġʫϣʫ̴ǡ
̫εרŸѳ֣ Ϊӵˣ õһӣ ܵΡ
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Ȼ˭·⣬ûǰҳ鷳
Ϊӳչֵʱ֪ԷҪһʱˡ
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лĪ˷ԣԼ˼ ۣһ䳯ƿ ȴδ˵ˣ ֪ǴӺε֪
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һûӹֱӺˡȻ²ؽ󿴲Ķѵˣ ·˺ܶŮӶ ʶѡ
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лӲڡ
ÿһƣ㹻ģܱܿ˵׽ŪԸԳ

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⣬ƲСұ˵ˡ

һͷҲڻղŹԼ裺ұȻЩòѧʶò֪ٱ
˫ֱиƨĲѧӼೣ겻ϸ񣬻Ҹұȣ
ܻСֹǰЩǱŮ˻磡ϸƤӣСһ˵Ů˶ţȻ˵ұȲ
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㰮Ųš
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Ϲ֮ǰǾ䰫Լ²ۣüʵ᲻ǸŮ
뵽һ˲ͷƤ顣


77 
Եȡ
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ڶݵ𾪺Ͳź󣬳һַץסְѱĿϲ֮С
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ΪŮˣ ȻðӺһȺͬͬ 볯Ϊ٣ ûа¶ڡ
żȻ֣ к³֮λˡ
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վڣϲҪβܴ𨣿
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𨽫Լ˰СؤϳҲһ֪ˣлָ΢
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ӱȨʱã𨲻һݣʲô
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ֻĳӣλеĵֻĺòãȴʲô
ͬˡֱˣܱûеߵúá
л̳ɳȴϣĺ޵ߡ


78 
ֽ ˸Ĺâ
Ѿ̫ӵ˿ƹѺ
̫ӵҹʣ񲻸˵ϵͳֻ˵˹Ǿ֮
仰Ȼҽڵɣ̫ȴױȻдԵʣ 񲻻ǡִ֪ࡣ
صڶգ ûȥӼ̫Ӹ רȥһ˱Ժ
鱻гʱ Щ¶ӱ磬 ң
ˣ侲ʵվ˵Щʲô
һ£û˵ʲô
𨿴 ԵҲԸֻིպС
ʱɥ ĸͶϧʮͣ ʹԷд鷳 Ҳٶ˵ػ
²ͬ¹غ С ԼұõԽˣ ⲻܼݶԷȥ
֪ˡתת飬 Ȼʵ ӱ磬̫ӵ£֪µ𡭡
仰üʲô
죬 ǿҪ̫ӵˣ ö˶˸񣡡
Ϊ£ վ˵̹飬ȴԷûԼĶϣ̫ӵ顣
ֱҪʮŮԻ·ͷۣһѹסŭô޸ýһء
ۣӱ磬Ҳ۸ˡ
ǣ۸ʲôˣⲻ˳˼·˵𡣡
޳ɣͷ磬ϲ̫ӡϴʱԶԶ̫һ棬ԣɻҪÿ
Ц»˵ϲء
鲻Ϊ⣺Ҳ
Ŭסŭ侲ֻ֪ӣȴû̫պҲɡԹݣ̫ޡ
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һαЩãȻЩŲӵҲ£ӱ
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Ȼ뵽ԼΪϧþЩ飬ǶǴ
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ֻѾˡɡ
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̲ɸձϵ۶ȻüĿ

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˵ʱˮʪ塣
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ڣڿ֡
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𨵹ǲ̫ͬԷãµƷǣ޹ȥʲôý
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һۣ׷׺Ц
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˵Դǣںź˴üң֮£Ҳźӱӣ
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ôһȺıʿѹֶ̫ӡ
ӵʱ϶˿öԷݺݰһٴԱ״֤ݡ


79 
鷢չ Ǿ˴ҴҸ˿ΧѾΧһƬˣайԱڿϷ
ס֣ס֣Ӵˣ۾ôˣ
ڴ찡ͬʣ ҧˣ
ҳһţ ׻Щˡʲôӣӣ
ŵĻ Ⱥöͷֱġ
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ǰ 𨻹̧ۣܵ ЦųԷ˸к˵˰
üԭСӰ
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һ˫峺ۣ˵ԩҴͷβ˵Ǳӣصض¡
ʹ˸ɫ켣ȺС˱̺ǰǶ˵Ҫˣ
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¹ش֪Լ츳ƭԷɳ̸ȴģʱѾϢãƽȻڸѧϰδ¶ġ
𨿴뷨ûгʲôЦҲ֪Ƿɣڣʱ߽ۿûϷˣƽղ࿴أ
𨲢Ǻƭʱ̫ӵдһҲ֪᲻ʩУһء
ʱԼĺֵܣѧ䣬ĳ봳мֽš

ݱʱ󣬳ڻص
˺󣬳𨶼ûл·ֱȥĸ̸
һݣϷ˱㿴ϵĻҳԼϵ˺ۣô£
Цһ£ûʲô£һ
𨵱Ȼ˵ʵԵɡȻҶ֪֮ܺһбԼҺӱۣ˺ѱǲǨŭʱʹĸҲΡ
תƻ⣬һҪĸ
ʱ󣬹鱻ڡ
ĸӱ磬Ҫһլ
󣬹ɫһӰˡ
ٸۣ͵Ǹߣؼұܱܷͷ
ŴϢ鴫ôԶ˵ϼҲڱָָ·ǣ˵ҵʵķ
Ȼˣûκת
һʼûù޸̲ɵˡ
̫ӵ㲻ܸմһܡҪȫ飬Ӵ˶ϾѪס
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սֱίܲҲߡ
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⻰ֲ̫ŵֱӲˡ
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ϼ̫ãȴֻ飬ڳʧ¼ֱֵһᡣ
Ȼ֮ǰ˵ҲܹˡۿԷڿӣҲȫ޶ԡ
ŮɺС㣬λرˣץס˷Ȼܷҡֱϡ
鱻ûа˼Ҳĸ׵ԣͿϷ˵İҸʵķ
ˣλȻ仯˵Ĵвʧҡ
²λ꣬±λСı󡣡
ֻϣº󣬶Էܳһ㡣
Ϸ˼ᣬԼܵܵѪЩЩۣ̾ˣȹʱչٽ
˵ǹʱգҶû꣬·ͷ޷ȥʱٳЩ˵ڼжѾˡ
޵۾ˣãĸһҪǵýһ
СѾͷҲͷվ󣬲һԡ
뵱СãͶ˳СպҸķ磬ݺݴǸǰү˵ʱҶ࿪İ
ΪʲôȻˡ
Ϊ̲ɵ˵õϢףӵ֪ļ磬Ϊ˶Ŀ˴ߵĴæ
ڳ⡣
͹˸һȥ˭Ҳ˵Ѿе˱ս졣
˴κūͻ͹ؼңԷ߽ˣһϣܽŤת˵ɩ⣬оֿŲԿ
Ϊ˿࣬ԻƷȥֻ˵Ƿ磬˭Ҳ˵ǱϻȥĻ
ٽѾԥҪߴ·
̾һûй˼Ůͷ˵Թҡȥ࿴飬ƽնĸдţɩǲ۸㡣
һӾ͵˳ͷ˵Բ磬֪ˡ
ҲǷֲˣãΪ룬֪ġҲи磬ֻԷ׸öˡ
ֱ˿̣ʶԼʱӱ˶鷳ڳʱξǸĻ̫ѾûлͷĻˡ

·һƬ
վԭؿ˻һ˶ʧУżҪʱ̾תȥ
߳·ſԶվɣƽҲ֪Է˶á
ջۣĿ⣬鲻䣬һԲתˡ
л˵
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80 
ע뿪 ջۣȻ̤ǰ̫Ӹ
֪ɴӺδõϢΪҪר̸һ·
˷ֿѳʵеһͲС

ɫ ӳŵ̫Ӹʱѽҹ
лѰϴ ˿ҹ
ʱ ̧ۣ ʵˣ
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Ƚӵ˵һ飬ȻԼ̫ӵ£ Ϊ˺鵱ȻҪ˵һ顣
л䷭ҳ飬һ²Ϊ塣
Ѿƺ ץסѱ ̡
̫ӵ赭дû
Ƹ۵ĵ ǰֱ˸ıԥǻ
л佫ļλֵѿ͸ܴˣ ֶκ࣬ ȴطۡ
ҡҷ ⰲ Ȼеǰδеƣ롣
յ黹û ֻǿžſϣۣС߶ӦǵõʲôϢ ŻͻȻӹ֡˵ʥҪعˣ ֪᲻ж
鲻ͨŮӣ ΨһֵרƵģǺСˡ
ọֻ́ùˣȻǵõʲôϢŻȻ֡
շ̫飬˿类ֳ롣һ˯һרע˼ӵͼıԼʥϻع顣
Դıϻʵ۵ľĥࡣΪԵɣȥйݻس뿪
̫Ӽʱ¼̫ӵѿءϻʵۺȻҲ֪Ƿᷢ仯
лһִһָķңᡣûлشʣʵ𣿡
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ն̫Ӹܺ󱻲񻹹Ѻ̫ӸĵУѺʡ
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̫ӲԼ񻹾ֵ˵СаһܹƥĵƬ
Ȼδֻ̫ӱ״ҪʵУΪԭԭһֱûձС
Ȼα˲ϲ֪Ϣȷʵ֪Щ
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һ˿ϧ顣
ŵʵĵطҲܷá
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Ȼ˳һҪ㹻ļֵضøҡ
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ݶˣҲõ̫ӷԼûкܲܣԸš
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Դ˿̵ĳǳڱСС˸űСС˸
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üҡͷʧЦӵڡǲ֪Ƽˣ»ΪǳĴޡ
תͷ㶼ߣʵ̫ӵΪʲôϢ
ɫոʱ̫ӱ㻻·׼ϴЪˡ˿̾Ȼ´ˡ
̫ӶôȻ֪̫ӵǸ˿̻̲סп
л䲻ɫ˵µĴռˣȻҪ
ֻһŴΪŮӣȻҪһ
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лü˵ӽˣ
ǰŮװʱÿÿ˵ĺܲղУպ౻ҿлôµ٩
𨲻Աһλã˵û⣡
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л䱾ֻΪ˶ڼԽԽЦͬʱЩΡ
ҡҡͷüЦ⣬˵»飬ó⡣
ոաӵС黭أ˿̫仰ʱήˡ
ֻ˯һѣҪ
̸ֻ鰡


81 
ϴγ̫˵ݣ ȴĬûἰ˵δ̫ӵг㣬ȴǸû·С
𨻹ǼԼСĿֻ꣬Զ̸һ㣬ûʱŷ·ˡ
ⲻҪ̫ӵ³ɻ鰡
Ҳ̫ˡ
תת飬 ĬĬ˱У ڲղŵ顣
⸱ģ л仺ۣӣ
ദˣ һۣ ܴԼ³ԷСвŵ뷨
˵񣬳Ȼûɻһ¡
ѲɻΪԼһӣ
л̧üۣ ЦЦἰɻһ£뷨
лĿĸֱ˵ԼɻֻΣ Ҫݱһʹս
ոӴ˼ܻ˹飬 ʵûٸ̫ӵ³һܡ
ҪҲʱɣ ûˣ
𨵱˵ûаָֻһ㣬첻ǻƵա
»ҪƵգ л䶼챻Цˡ
üŶ
𨼱ǣ ϹҸ ҽļա
Ľ㣬 лۣ һ뵽ˡȥĳ¾
ǳ𨡢˵ǳ¾ļա
⻹治ǳƭ̫ӵ¡
ʮֱܻڡճΪ˶ĿҲӦڽռ¾ͿǷǳɻ˼룬 Ӱˣ ԴӲκἰ
Ծ𨶼ǽˣ ŴеľŻ㱿ࡣ
һҡͷ̾˵Ϊ󣬽ʵڲʲôӡ
޼ɻ䣬лոһ˿ŭɢ
΢΢üǰסǺ˵˵죬֣ص
̫ӲŹ񣬵漰İ֮ˣȴɻ䡣
¾Ǵɣûϣߡ
ļڣ̫Ӵŵվڴã˿ָ΢
еĿ⣬кȻһ
ϳĸ游ĸֻ̫ӵ²Ż˹ػˡ
Գԣرڿ±աΪǴʱ̿ʼ¶ģû·رɳ𨡣
ȻȻֻͬҵĺǰ̫ӵ¡
һգգضл䣬һ¶ԷסԼָ⡣
Բ峺ָ⴫Ķ¶ˡлһʱʶջ֣Ŀֲŵؿ
Цвŵ⡣
Ӵ˸ϲ˵Ҫؼˣ
ȻԲţͲˡ
̫ӵ»ع˵Ҫ׷ղųɻˡؼ˯ˡ
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ٺ٣̫ӵ¿϶ʼڸղŲͬˡ
𨿪ĵܵˡ̬ȶ䣬ʱ۰ʱͷۣһֻץŵè
лվԭأȥıӰָ΢΢ĦȻ¶Ц⡣

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عڶգʥڳһ¡
ֻּڻʵְۣ鳭λ󳼣𱣻ʥݡ
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ֻʮʹʮפعӾ˸ıһ̫ӵƿؽԭΪг㡣ϻʵ۴˾ɸ׳н
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ʥһУɺ༸λӵ׷޳ɣ̫ӵȰû޷ش֡
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֪ڻȨбȨҪԡ
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ǰϻʵĻƾӱ𹬣ԵɣҪıΪıһʹԭƿеıȨ̫Ӷȥ˴룬־á
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ʷϣж̫ǱʵɱȦѺ
뵽⣬ĳȥ
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ĻʵƸۣ̫ӵȴܸһӡ
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ʳ仰˲ֹ𨣬ʵϳУ֪˺ͬ뷨
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˲Լͬ뵽˴˴λʵۻؾλڻʵߵꡣ
ʥϴӱ𹬻ؾʱ߾˸ʿ档
ᣬüᣬ˵Ұڱʱ˱һ棬Ӵ˱ٻʥģʱ̰ڱߡ
ΪλʷѾ㹻ףû뵽˸Ϊ档
ǰֻĽ˵ˣȴ״ʿˡ´˴λع֮£ԼжԷ
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ûŭ˽ȥˣԷֹ׵ƴ󣬱޿ˣӱ𹬷Ϊϰ𣿿ʱȣλͲ³ɡ
һһ
ӰʣʵۻǵĿǰصʱ
һмְգ
֪վ棬㲻´

ʵ۴ԼЩ½ֿʼ̫Ӽڼѳֳֶκ־ŭֿʼ̫ӵĲ硣
ڶգʵһĴǰϳѵ̫в֮ģԷ糯ڼзʡ
ִ乬нĸƹųĻӽͼϷƿػ̫Ȩ
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л䵹Ҳ˶֮ϳÿڼиС
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л̧ۣϷ
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82 
̫ӱ⳯ ʵڼбŷ˼ͼ˼ٶԷӽġ
ٽžռѽڣ¹͢磬ЯȺ̩ƽ ˳ȻΪһ̫ӵ£ ȴδһͬϯ
Ӽ棬 飬 ⱾѾһǿҵźš
֣ Ⱥȴǧ֮ƣȻ ˻ϲǡ
գʹС
ʵۿŰ̫ӸۣŤǺֶΡ
깪̫ӾӪѿسã ȻһһϦܹ
ʵĿӥ޽˷ϵ̫ӡ
δʱ
ʥϿץסѱ̫ӽ㣬 ȴ޷Ϊ˵СֱӷϵԷ
ʵҲֻһʣ Ҳ֪𰸡̫ƴ󣬳ı׹֮֮ Ѱθ
ֻǰ̫ӳڼзʡ Ⱥ±ѩ㿹飬 ҪֱȦ̫ӣ ¸ѡ
ͬʱ ̫ӸС
Ȼ̫ӵǶôֲ磬̫ȴȻɣ 
ӹӼ͵͵ߣ ̫Ӹ
ǻʵפ̫Ӹʿ ԭԻ͵̫Ӹ˿ͥžԶԶȥЩɪ
𨿴󣬶ʱһ
פ̫Ӹʿûгȥֻ˵̫ӵȦûȻշڡ
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83 
ڻ 𨿴ĵطл΢
ʵ۵ͻȻѲʹţԷֶһȦ㣬 ʵ˰
̫Ӹʡʱգ Ʊ仯һţ лԽ鷢չǸеζ
δϳȻ֣ ΪΪ·˸У Ӷϧ
л䵱˳ƶΪйյ ˳⣬յõǾش
һһֱڵߣڡ
лȻã ʵ⼸Ҳģ 벻ջ
л乴˹ ס𨣬һ᣺𨣬 պҪǵýյĻ
Ϊ Ҫˡ

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ʱֶ Σķ ̫ӸʿפฮЩܲΪ֪ϢֱӽʱöԷٸ֪̫ӵ¡
ʱ书ãֵŹӼѧݣ ̫ӱܡʹʵ۵˷֣ Ҳϵӣ ˼̫ӱĽϡ
˱ץסһʳฮйأ˶
ʱӵ񣬵Ī뵽˳𨵱Ļ
ϴγǾٵĻ²ò˼Լǰ̡
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ֱʱ̣̫ӵվԣʮָۡ
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ס̫ӵ֣ĵر֤ѹҹձ㣡
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84 
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ϾΪ̫ӣԾܾ¡
ʵǸСۣ϶һֱ ֻǰʱæŸҪĴˣ ڲпʰСϺ
ԵʵԼ Ȼûжŵǣ һֳ䶨İȸС
ˣ Ķ
ÿվŵȴ֪ʱµĵԡô룬 ٽڲٱųˡ
뿪ˣȴҳһš
࣬𨲻ǽ Ҫȥ̳ ʱܶȻҲ̫ࡣ
ϴγڻʹеľʵںˣ ٴУ˭Ըһˡ
Ϳͷ ҪȥԼĸף ô󳤹顣
һڣ Щ⶯Ͼϴǹؿͷǹٲű޶ ܹĹλûˣ ôܲǣ
Ϻү¶Щͬ顣
ҲסͷͿҲ˵ĸǷãֻ۴˿̳ڷ˼ϣôܽ˸Ҳǣ
󳤹ǲ̫ӵ βδʵŭͿŪôһ ˵׼ˡ
ķ ͿҲ˵ˡ
ȻŮȴҲԸԼ׸ĸա
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85 
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˵ܺʱԼİЩ಻ȥ
壬 Ҷϧֻһ꣬ Ƕкϡ档
ҺóƤ ؼʱ̳ˡ
ʵҲ֪ ϻʵΪϣ ϶ôš˶Դ𨣬޷ΪԷ壬 ԼǰԹϷŪ𨡣
һƥﻹĳ²裬 ģȥֿʧ䡣
̫ӵ±٩𨣬 ȴļˡ
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Ψ𨣬֡
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ȹڣȻЦĵ벻һͦÿ
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˫ͭеԼȻҡҡͷ̫ӵ̾Ϣ˵ôÿպҪϲϱˣǿɾ̫û۹ˡ
ԲѵĻлüվûסЦ˳
Ҳˣ˿ӦܿģҲ˷ܣԵӱƽҪࡣ
ƽճôϳɣһ
лȻԳһϧС
ʱȻͷ˵Ҹ֧ɣ
лһ˲ӻ裿
ʢ裬ŮҲѧϰ˵Ȼױ󣬴黭ȻǶδѧϰйˡ
̫ӵµɣǲҲհ
ȻⱲûѧϱȴִأ
Ϊ̫ӵĲΣ𨵱Է¶һ֣Ҫ޶Է¡
룬Ҫ̫ӵõһ档
պ꣬л뵽һ衣
һ˷ֿԼҲõİ¹⡣
룬Լ
ԺԲһټѪŴŰ磬׼չ֡
ںüƣȴȻ뵽ԼԽʮ꣬û裬ѲǴǰǸ塣
οִ͹ŵ裬ҲһݡһȦ٣̫ӵҲһܿ
𾪣¹ô
л˵
ӣҪ֧辪̫ӵ£ȵȣôţ
ܹϺˣֻȽϡ٣


86 
һʱԺˣ ӾЩԽŮ趼װΪʲôֵԼʱͲԾˡ
ƵվԭأһվǰԼǰļˡ
չֱۡڽ̧ȡСת
ף һôš
˼죬 ̵ջ֣ ƽ˵˯ɣ »ٸ
˵ͻˡ
л䣺
ų лҲ֣ص̬ȣ͡
˿̼͵͵ߵıӰ վûסЦ˳
·;ĳЦͣ½Ų ͷۣЦң
ĸ裬 Ȼǲ⣬ ôҲһ
ΪʲôҪЦ
ڳߵĿУл仺Ц⣬ һ ˵ӷ˶ˣ պһĻ ضл
ڿƵĻУ ͵Ƭ̵Ķݻʱ⣬ȴ޷Ķľơ
ǰȻڳһɹ֮硣̫ӵ˱ǣһ˻
＾ȥ ϺĶն˴Ҵң Σѩ׷УһҪĳϦˡ
ʹڸƽµȺսսЦԣʮԲ鳭Աѩ׷꣬ɢƱյ
ѺڳɽеĳͷͷԿԼҰɵ磬ʶôˣôҪӣҲ̻ˣôҼӸ±
С磺
ֲʲô±
Ҫûб㣬ʱ̾ϢΪǴɽУ֪ϢҲ֪̫ӱȦΪԷ죬Ըûܵ˼
ҧͷԺеϵͳߴ٣˵ʱ쵽ˣּææŹ¯ȥ
ǿˣ̫ӺЩԼӦñסˡоѣҲͲٹεˡ

ɱÿ˶˵
̫ӵ治ɫȴæµ͵͵ţ˽磬˱ҹ̸ҩԷı׼š
У˶ǣһȫƳŲתķȥ
ֻ޹ʹС֮һɱʵ۵ıʿֲʵۺӵ¶Ҳòڳø۲ҲûĻᡣ
û취Щ¶û˴档Ϊ˲ԼԵ̫ûã۴֮ʱֲԼһҧһţɻԼƨϱУ
ҵҵÿҹ뷭̫ӸҵǽһȺļʵʵظ̫ӵͷ
Ϧգ𨷭ǽʱ̫ӵƺı
ˣŹԡü߽ЩֻӳУ̫ӵ¶һ˺վԣ޼
һű򿪣˳
ͷڣƮƮ۳𨣬üۺЦҲ𨣬㾶ȥ
վԭأıӰֻöԷ졣
ʸ̫ӸӸλò˳ڵ겢
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ᵽǣһ˲䱻ע뵽ԼճǰɫЩͷˡ
ǰΪ̫ĴţΪ̫Ӷ˽飬׷ʣºҲûи֪Ѿͺá
̫ӱȦڸУǿ˵ùȥʱޱͿˡ
֪ԭ̫ӵԾɻзǱѰĹϵ
ƽʱľս˵ʱ̫Ӷ⴦쳣ΣգǵȻӲԸˡ
պ򸾺游ĸһԹԲ󣬱Լ£ܺʹһˡ
Ȼû˵˶ܲµҪȥ̫ӡ㼱Ȱ輸䣬ڹ۱ʵ۶ϣΪ̫ߵ̫ۡ
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ΣҲͷ̫ӷԶͳϻʵ۶Ʋ޳Сˡ
ǰִһ͵͵ܳģԴ˿̫ӵ˵£Щͷۡ
ԼǳᣬлƼ󲻶ɫҲû׷ʡ
Ϧ֮ҹҼһꡣ
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⶯ļ£ǰĺڰ˷š
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лң£ûشƽˡ
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ҹûȥƫǱһ죬ȥ̫ӵһϢ
ϵģ˯
˯ǰлץסĳֵֻ֣Цˣ㵽˯˯
ǳֻ֤ǵͬŻӦԷ
ۣСʲôܿ԰ɣ
ʲôѰˣֶֻ
л䣺
ɿ֣εӰʲôʲôɡ
ûа취ˡ

ʮȥԪգӦϲӡ
бңԸĻƮҡֱϣҹȼһյյơ
ͬʱʹرˡ
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ҹټ󵥶ദʱȴֻʵʱʵ۵Ľڲ鿴ִ֮ı˱¡
ֲɵӣʱԡڱ׽ǰظڽʿĻ´ӳӱ޸ȥԼǰһֱıķء
֪Լ볤Ϊʵ̫ӵûа취Ȧףڳ׽־֤׷ûκλ·
·ڣӵĶһֱһжΡ
Ȼ岻ãȴûеʱݱĳ̶ȡʲǴ֮ˣ߷̵Ķţô˵
ʱȥһʱ˵ּ⣬пĳԸ֮ڡ
˭˵ʣڴ˿ټԼ
ֻۣ֤Ļ֮Ѿȫѿ˻ʹ͸⡣
ܽʹѿأΪЧұ²ԷεģӦǽ
ԽԽõڽ֮ǰһжŴõķչ̫ӱǶ֣ȴû뵽˲Ϣһбߵ˹
̫ǴӶÿʼ֣ȦҲһԼ˴ߣԷƣ
ӺȻͣ뿪·Լڲ֪ȦףȫȻĻ֮˵Ĳǰ
˿뿪ǲҲ̫ӵ֮У
ڻ룬ӹ뿪ʵ̫ף뿪׷Ҳδ׷ᡭһƺڱ·
ͣԭأ׿򳤰ʱȻ֮⡣
·ĽŻֲ̿ȥػأʱѾˡ
ѡڳдɣֻҪ̫ӹ˼ɱ
һ뿪ҸͶı̫ӱ˳ɽʿַɱıȻʵķ
뵽⣬ӱǳһ亹ֻسǿҳ嶯
֪Լܻͷˡ
άԼĽʿ뿪һ̣ͼıǰϡ
ȥܻ׷ĽʿȴǾԻˡ
Ҫ־ܣ̫ӵǻ
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̫ǲҲµĲʣԲΪȻ£
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սָڷףߡ
תͷԼķغʹӪȥ


87 
ʱ£ ̫ӸĴű򿪡
Ⱥߵףŷ󿪣ų̫ӵ´ü䣬 Ʊˡ
ڲ࣬ ׸۱㣬 ӣ Ⱥף ̫ӵ»عλ

ңҲͻȻһԪ
Ԥһ ͼı棬ºӴܵϢ˳ͷβ֣˺
ֵز Ӿͷ Ҳˡ
պ Զڷصӳˡ
ͬһʱ̣񲿵Ľ£ ̵ʱڸƳ̫ӵλ
ǰ ٹߵס
Ȼʵ֮ͣڣ ̫ۣ ͷᣬ վ̨֮ϡ
ּУ°ٹٲ̧ͷֱ
µľƣڴ˿̳䶨̫ӳΪֶ֮Ӯҡ
ͬһʱ̣ վڼУ ڽſųķ
ְ Ҫʱлȥһͺˡ
ûб˼ҪԼȵĴ˳ǶˣΪԷµĵСܣȻҪˣ
λگ£ʽ̫СܣΪʵµСܡ
̫ӵǻ󣬰ٷϾˣȻʱ͵̫ӵ½ָбһһ㡣
˶ڵȴŽԼʵߵλ½ĵʿ֡
½һ齨Էǵĸıʿ̫ӵĵˡ˶Ϊ߲к³
Ȼд̫ӵǻ½̫ӵ£˺󲻵ƽӵ߳Ȼܵ˵á
˶̫ӵ֮֮ࡣΨ֮󣬳ڿ½ݺ󣬺ͳϦںһɴ˿ĳЩΪ˵֪ࡣ
ԭ̫Ӳ֮ı֮㣬ѹֵԼԡڱɲ񡱡
Ӵ뿪ıȻӣбɵˡ
뵽⣬𨲻Ϊùͬ롣
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ֵ֮ʣʵӣԹҺ;Ҳһֲȶ
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ҲпһѲ˸۽𾦣Լ̫ӵĹϵ
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ͿŮûʶƣ˿üƶʮ꣬㼱ʲô
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˸ҲίԼӱһˣʲôǸгģĸ˼ƺԱЩ˼
ֱ̫ˣУԵ˼ż֡ãߣ˭ϲ
˸ֱ׵ڳУ˶űµĺ󹬣Ҫˡƶ־ȻҲԸ
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˸Ը֣Ҳû˵鲻ԾԹԵ˵Ƕ˵ڵǰ棬Ҳˬ졣˸˵仰ƶûϣ
ϵҲ˵Լʱҵķ⣬Щ
ͿǶ𨣬ŶԷ顣ǼϣŮͱ·ֿŮģиŭ²飬ôҪˡ
Ȼ̫Ҫ㿪󹬵ϢҲûͿķŭʧ̬
תת飬˼Ȼ˼˸⡣
룬һ˵Ҿе
⵹ǳˡպҪȢޣ϶ҲҪฮЩȢĸݲ㣬Ҳ̫ӵûд֮飬ȴеˡ
οǴǰܻỳл꣬˾˷꣬Īš
̫ӵôϲԼһһҪɻ飬ΪʹˣӦòȢ޵ġ
˫ִ䣬ɴԾ˸˵ˣһرϲԷǱˡ
û
̫ӵеİ¹⣡
ϺүǶ֪࣬仰ʱͶҭĿ⣬ЩԼŮԲѵĻҭס
˸֪飬ҲûԼĿܡ
ôһ˵ʱҲûϷˣвЩź
˸룬Լܰһˡɨ˳һۣ۾أ
һ㶣ָԼʲô
˸ûˣĲ˵ƶ˲ǳ˱ϼס
˵׵ˣ̫Ӳѡ𨡣
˸ȴԽ˵Խ²ҷû檵ϰߣ𨻹ܱ¿أǰ;Ҳʵźû¡
⧲ֱӾܾҲ
룬ɴ˵Ҳˡ


88 
˸ʧ˹ˣ һ˵Ƶģˡֶ㿴ϵļŮӣ
ۿ˸Ҫ׷ʣ¶ڣͿվ˳С ²òġ
˸һãȻģҲöˡ
һ æжɼ֮ǰҵ µǻ պ̸
˵⣬ ˸ʱ᷽ŵİˡⱻתƣ²⵹Ƶз͵Ķ εĹλضͣϢ𣿡
Ҳ֪ϢҶ֮ѳɣ ʱ볯ˡ
֮ µټӡ
Ӹй Ƹ볯ڹξ䡣Эƹܾ͢볯̣ ԼĻ δƷϡ
֪Լ콫ټʱ ҪˡΪѾڴܾˣ Ȼʵ֣ ˿̺ܿĵּл
ξǴƷϵĹְѾǳˡȻǰ;˸λԼĹְ˵뵱࣬Ҳ֪̫ʵ
̫ӵбöвŸɵ˲٣ ƾʲôأ
Եõξְλ 𨻹Ǻֹ۵ģ
ɣ ְһҲϣͨԼʵһЩ
һ˲䣬ǧԼˣֿˣ
л֪־򣬶ξĹְ󣬻ǳ𨲻ΡڼԷԼĿģҲ¶Ц⡣
²ƥλػˡû㹻ʹԼǿΣҲѷڡ
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˵лʾ֮£˶˳
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ǻл䲢δԳޡæµ֮ʣٷϾ֮ҪȺҪһ£ÿϢʱ伫٣ֱ²Ŵ겿пټ𨡣
δлʱ𨡣
Գ̫ӵ˱ʱһǵһηֿôãǻ֮
ֵѡɺ֮ʣл䵣ǳ𨻼ûʧ⽫ٸԭְ
Ȼڿȴˡ
µ괽ݰףɫһ߹ʮڣʱӦǰûˡ
лˣһ־Ц
ף΢Цл֮ϣ˹֣ʾ¡
ѰҴΣͬˡˣѻֹ̿ƴǣġ
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οͬҲӵ
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ӵмᶨıɣԼ̫ӵµҲꡣ
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Ϊǧãûб
ղҲԶһЩϾֻҪԼ£ͽûҪĵµ¿Լͷ
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뵽Լǰε³ʱһĪΣС
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һһһһǻĻʵ۶Լô죿
ͫ|ܳ谡һ̨͸˿ͷˡ
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лĽǶȣ̫ˡܿԷľ̵۽ޣݣԼе顣
һ˲䶯ݣЦǳ꣬һλ̫ӷıˡ
ûдԸĸԸһֱ̫ӣлңӲΪԼǸТ⡣
лȻ뵽ֻأɱԼĸʣպ˵ҲҪĺɱ
ǵһΣл˽¶ԼĹǡ
ΪĻ飬ԼĺҲлɵ̬
ձĳлԼѪ±ſп޵̬ȣڶݵľб˹̵ľ
л仰ؿӵԷеĵǡһʱǸղŵĺ˼롣üҪ˵Щʲô
лȴЦЦָ˶ԷȰο˵ܽҳ꣬ΩԸճࡣ
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˶볤ȴ֪Ҳܹ¶
ĸţֵܷĿѪδ֪лܹεˣֻһ𨡣
˵¾ʱҳɻ飿


89 
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л ûΪҪȣ Ҳûбȴޡ
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βС ϣ ໥˵ؿһ𣬸ű˴˵¶ȡ
Ȼʶһ֮ʼն̫ӵڵ
ЩĵĻԣ ࣬ ڹٳгɳ Ӧɻ顣
лкܶʱ䣬ܹȥȴСĳɳвѣ˽С˼
леĵȴƫظ輫µġ
ʶ󣬳һ˲ãȻһЩже޴롣
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лԣסԷ֣֣سŵģΪδ֮ǰһ㸺ģ
л䣺
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𨱻ڹٺͦĵģϾζԼְнùδ
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ҲζţԸؽڶʹƿؼǿˡ
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Ҳ֪ˮ࣬ɫࡣ
ֻǵһ·ܿͻ··𣬵ΪͷˣȴȻһĴͷЧ
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δֻܿΪǻʶҪԣԼµҰġ֪
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90 
Ϊޣ Գǲȡ·ķΪʵȽѹʵƽɰʯӣȻһʯӻϵĺˮ϶ƽΪ档
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̫ᣬҲʹǰЩල˵Ŀͬ ƺ̫˵ Ҳ̫ˣ һЩԱ˵Щʼ͵͵͵˴˼Сģĳͻ
ʵǺܲ˼飬 Ͼ·ģ Ǵӵط ޽òܹҡڹŴɫ  ںӵȣҪصط
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ʱףΪʲôǰЩ๤ĹԸԱˡ
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ڳףЩ쵼ΪʲôһӰϹˡ


91 
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ԱϳǰܳԶ ˮҪơϳ;ڼ 군ˡ
ǰи󳼳Իʲô ϳʱŻʵۺ˺ܶƨӴΪЦ
óԺϳǰԷ ŶлԲȡ
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ʱ ˣ ΪǶñ
֪Ҫȥعλ࣬ ˲ñδñǣм϶ʱ˱ɢˣ֪ɹĺڰ䡣
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л֮ѡȥ£ΪԶԷ
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Ůзĥɵķۣ˵סлҲжţԸһѡ
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93 
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𨸩л䣬 ۾峺 ڴʵ֪׼ʲôʱأ
лڲǾԣ ʲô
ü ͬʱֻľ塣
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뵽ǰԷϳû͵͵Σ л̿ҲȷʵǶԷ¡
ֺЦסЦ⣬ º͵²ؼһʱ ˣ
лΪӣ İȻ
ǡӡʱã֪Ůʱڣ лس𨣬 Ըڳɻ鵱ĳЩ顣
οһһ лһʱ ʱҪͷںͣ ȴԼ
˫ֻɴҵȻ˰
һֻ˯Ů˿̶׼ˣû𣿣
𨲻֪лǵһʱ嶯ڣ ԲȰ濼
С֮ģ лβΣ Բʼղͬ⡣
лҲ̫ˡ
Ҳе̫ӵͻûйˣԵջƵԷӦǺܿش£Ը׶Դˡ
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л䣺ʲô˵
Լл˵ûм¶ȻǼٻ˻һڣЩձȫɲˡ
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Ȼˣξûʲô飬ͿֱӲȥˡ
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л䣺
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ټĻʹûԵķʳ𣿣
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ǲôûԽԽˣ


94 
ϺүͱȽϻˣ ڿˡۿϷҪŲˣ˶Ӻ档
һ룬Ϸ˹Ȼˣ
˵ʲôͲҪǸɰ
ͿȻ֪Ϣ ʧءϷ仰 ϱ죬 һ ԼС
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Լӣ ءֻܽԷڻУ˳סͿƤ
Ϸ˴˿ȴûչעӺͶϱС˼ û׷Ϳͺɰĺ⡣
Ӷǣԭµ񶼲ȢޣȻ벻˴踣ִҪлʺ
֪ĻϢ Ϸˣ ¶Ů ߵ͵Ǹ氮
ۻۡΪºͳ֮䲻Ϊʾ ɢˣ û뵽氮
ҳһţ ζ벻 Ѿ֪ˡ
Ⲣǲ ෴Ҷú͸
¿ʵй֣Ǻˡƭ˶䣬֪ʵݣ Ȼ׷Ź
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Ͼºͳһ˵Ҫӳ¼ҹ̺ˣҪкƺҲʲôܵ顣
Ϸסˡ
𺳡
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ڳж쵱궼ˡϼĴ治٣֮Ĺһû뵽Ȼۼ֤к¡
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ȫ˶Ϻүü롣


95 
һҪ£ ԥȻϺүûֱӾܾȴίȰ𨲻Ҫðա
ʧЩʧ䡣ݵʧҲûйھᡣ
Ͼ²ֹһ˵Σο˵
˵ͷ ̹ðɣ Ҳͬˣ ʵҲرǿҪ治У ֻʺҲа
Ӻӿڲ˼· ۵ðس̲סѯл䵱ʺÿҪЩʲô ᲻͵ʱһÿҲۡ
ûѧ黭Ҳûѧٰ͢񣬶ЩƺΪʺĻְҵ
ʱ л䵭˵Ѱ ʺҪã ල͢棬ÿϦʱȺҾ졭
ô ʺҲҪʵ۹СźһѺӣ Ҫ ʱʱҪȺҾ򽻵
ܿ죬 ڳ˼ĿУ лЦЦ˵ˣʺ󣬴ԼÿձԼɡ
棿𾪡
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һٻܹ۳ɳܹȨֵζ
»֮Ҳϧ۾֮ðղⳡ֮޷ΪԼĺպҸ

»û˵Ȼ౧ţֿһ
һ֮ڣһӵʹ
ǰǵıʷų꣬Ϊֱġ
ͫ׵𣬻ŵûҪɣһûأҿҰ
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÷Ϳһۣʵһȥ
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ҶˣǸͲΪġ
͵ؿ游ĸһģ˵Щ긧𨳤еĸ飬Լĵʵۡ
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һ¾ǽȥһٻʵۣ
ҼˣΨǵĳ𨣺
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ǰִ˶ڷˮתȻֵˣ
𨵱ˣҲҪżˡ
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Ҫ֪һԲϣСż˵ܲǣ
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лһ£һָī㣬üڼб۴£
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ſϷ˫ؿл¡
ȻãȻ˵ĸ˵̫̰ˣʲôҪ᲻Ҳôð
л乴˹ûش𣬶ǷʵӴ𣿡
ɼǵóʱĵһ档
ʱЦ󣬼𪣬ʻģ峺ȴһļᶨ
лˡȳԼҪ˽Է
𨻹δȨĿʱлѾϤΪס𨣬ԷϳóȨζ
еίſϣС׵ֻǾõô࣬òߵڣ𨡯ȴҪʧˣ̫ˡ
Ϊ˵̫ӵĵһСܣѾĻĦ쵼⣬ȻĦˣ쵼ˡ
̫ӱʵΪѣ˰ӣڼ˺ü¡̫ȥ걻Ȧʱŷͷطǽͷڷεյǻ
ԼõĵλӦõġӺӿڲּ๤٣ҲึӦõġ
Ȼеί˵ʵҲûк̰İҶûҪܶ࣬ҵξҲܿ֡
Ȼ˸ЦʱԲѵ˵뵱Ȩ뵱ɡܷ죬ֻǸƷϵξ䣬Ҳһ㶼ʧ䡣
лʧ䣬ûסͣ±ʣԴ˶̰ģҲû㡣
עų𨣬Ŀ᣺𨣬ҵӣܸģȻἰܵ㡣
˵еȨվҪ·ţвˣλʼҪ
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лĻƵȻúǲԾ¶һЦܿ˻ȥ
򴽣ʵĸ˵־군ˡʷ˻ᱻϺ𣿡
лջ֣Цһ£֪ˣ
Ȼ£˹ʼ΢ϻ˵ۼζŲд
λùĹԱҹԼҪ˯ˡ
ڳŵУлջۣ赭дֻ֮ˣŻԼӶס
˶˵񻷻¡Ȩʱϱһ֡
ʷ֮Һ¡;ʿЮ֣񻷱ɴΪΪ¡ʧƣ֮ߵλ
֮䣬޷ǿǿûȹ̵Ĺϵ
ƵľµĳӱŰ裬רСǿƵľµĳӱսս
ֻƵľŻᱻӰѿءɹٶѣɱˣʣµıˡ
лѾ˾಻Ϲ档ʱˣЩ뽫ԼŮͽеҪֵĵطȻ١
ܿǱѣԼɳʾ
лΪҪȻ֣֮ͻأؽеıȨ߷ֵԼƹܣ
ȻΪ˼ǿȺĿơ
ûпȫлôɳˣֲǻ
𨲻̫лĲ֣֪¼зִ磬Ӳûа֮¡
Ϧ£ʹӴҫڵĵϡ
ۣͷڣü۾ʵȻƮ֮Уֺ˼主ûʡ
˫л䣬ȻֶԷһλ߲ʵͬʱȴֶ
ֶһ޶ƫ𨲻һ˲䣬ȻҪøࡣ
˯ˣ
лյ£һԵĳСʵ£벻һЩ˿ֵ鰡
л±ī΢΢תۣĵŮ⡣
գգۣЦģС˵ǽԼõѽ


96 
лóܹԣ µʱԷԹԵһԣҪӰܽĳЩ޹ؽҪ
û뵽ô󣬳顣
лĬƬ̣ ˵˵Ҫؼţ Լ
л࣬ һ飬 ָ򶨡
ֱ׳˵Է˰ ֻˡ
л俴ԴǵŮ ָڰϵ˵㣬ع˹á
ҵķȥЦ ׹ ʲô

̴ľɢһɳ¾ɵľ Ų˵ζ
ˮڴϣԭĽʪã ڵϢ嵽ͷƤ
ʼʱ ʮԼҪΪΪ лҲûʲô
ֲʵ οǸϲ͵ˡһ ȻԼ۰
Լղŵ׳־ֲ˼£ϾôõԼУؼʱҲǺҪӵ
ܳ ӲͷƤ ֤Լ
лĥĥ䣬 Ҫ棬ԸһЪһ˼
л䱻ĥöͷϲ̵ܣüʵʲô
ſ棬أ̵˵Ъ
л޿̣ŶãҪЪôã
ʱˣûг˲ң
ĺ
лסû˵ǳԼҪһ̽ѯʵ
Ķһ˲䡣
ŶĲ붯ˡ
ܿ죬ַ飬ҡͷܾ˵ˣҾҿԣ
ȥţһҪԲϡȻûкܲСԼ
л䣺㵽ڿʲô
лⱲӶûôҪȰ³ֱӲ·
ֻܵȳԼʧȥģһٽӹȨһķ̵硣
ᣴ£ƮҡڷУԼԼƼеӰ
ü΢ֱָۣڶ䡣
룬л似õġ
ţкܺã´λԣ
º˿Ʈɢ˴˽
лʮָۣԷĿ繡Ůָ⣬ջƵգǾɻ顭
ЦʵҪʲôƸ񣿡
ɡ˸ǷڴϢһ󣬺Ȼ㿴ŰɡǽŶŶؼ˯
л䣺
л俴ųƽһּΪŹֵܸоﲻԾ
ִͻ״ʱĳ½ʹ˵ϿӲ˵һģһ
ˣл䲻š
ϴԡֻ£ڿʼ¡ãȻͷȻأ
Ȼʶʲô˵еˣҪؼҡ
˵ˣ˯Ҳ˯ˡʮؼ˯
лۣӺ𣿡
ղŶ˵ˣΪʲô»Ҫһ۲۰ãȻ˵԰㲻𣿡
Ȼл䣬ֶԷĲۡ

˼ʵϵģȷʵԼúܲţв
û˵²Ҳ´ɡ绹ϳء
лĬ΢ѵҲҪϳ
վסţһסڻʹĹ㵽ˣÿأÿ͵𴲣źڹŶӣ
˵˵ţȻԼǿ˰
ϰ࣬ϻϰ࣬ⲻɴݹ
л΢΢üü˼ЦˣԸ⣬պסڹС
ֻˣҲʲô¡
𾪣𣿡
ʶŶֻҪԼЪڹڣ㲻·ˡ
Ķܿ죬Թÿ칬ⶼ̵ǼǳڵĴЪڹڣҪȥǼأ
ȥŶӣûϰ򿨣Ҫȱڣ
лЦˣóɵĿɰԸһǡ
Сʵһô죿
лڴףЦЦΪж˲֪ǵĹϵ
֪½̫ɰʱȶֻ֪ڵ֮˸˵ˡ
οҲû購޹У¶ȥˡ
еƽٶбվҪÿ˯һСʱսʤ˹ǡ
ˣģ¡
ӽ𣬳ϱʱ޹УڲõԼΪ˯ͷϳٵˡ
һλãˣվҲ˶ߡ
ֻǲ۵ĳӣҿ»ô췢ֲԾ
ܱ¿أ볯⣬ٴ󳼶ɫڹעԷ
ʼһˣֳûڹŶӣȴҲճ糯ϡ
½½˱㷢ֳÿڵʱĩڶĩβĴ󳼶ƶԷûгֹ
˷ֳǴӹڵķ򵽴͵͵̬һˣ
ˣ
ϢѸ˽ӣҿĿʱԾˡ
СӣûƳȻֹƨȳ²֣µı·
̫ˣ֮ö֮֮ǲ
Ȼ֪ȴҲʲôˣñºͳûҲ֪˺ʱһġ
ϸҲ˴ǰһЩߡ̫ӵ¶ԳΪݣʱ̫ӸţżҲޡ
Ȼ涼Ǵ󳼣˽ʱȴҲ̲סһҲ֮顣
˸̾û뵽ӾȻǶ䣡
λ볤󲻾õ¹Աֵ´˺з磿ǺΣգ
ֹ˳һ
˵˾ʵİɡ´ƽոڱߣ۹ߣʹǵӦҲ㡣
ʲôԼ±أ
Ƕ̫ӵദôãҲòˣӶûǣôôͣ
ɫΣڨڨ±ӣҲ֪Լ˵˻
ɵŮ˺˱ƣüѹֲǰӲɵ淴Ա顭
˻һʱ˶ˡ
ʱһΪڱ£ڿСӷ˽İ
ϱ³ٳٲϢҿԽԽԾˡ
Сӣ¸ͶҲټȻŲñȢѡ¾Ĳص˰
ҶʱһһرԹһͨ󣬵ҪȰ˵ϴĸ棡
Ҫ˵Ȱ˵Ӵȶ£ñȢأ
뵽Ǹĺڵӣ˺ȻеһΣ
ų̫ƫֶΡȱµԸ񣬺ܵСӲˣ˺󻳺ģ´߷硣
ʱǼҵŮ˵ˣ𨱨ڮپͲˡ
ǵҷ׷ΪӦһλȨأлﺬȥȰ˵𨡣
ҵࡣǱĸ壬˴˹ϵ׺Ȱʲ
²̫С
ǰʱżűѡΪ飬ΪҰͣʱȻûб¶Ծɲ
֪ͱµǾ𾪣뷨
ʱӹϵơ´ܲȢޣ岻ɵˣʱ˵ԸҵŮλ
ı㣬Ѿ˼ƻ
ˣ⣬ܺЩһͳ飬ŭԷ
˼ȴɫԴҵĹάֻǰָ̾ԼѾ岻ʣܲλ˵ļƻˡ
Ҽ޷˵ԷֻȥɣԷ඼ǳسλ¡
ѴԼŮе֪˳ӺͱȾСϢ˿Ȱ裬ת
һ඼ûӦźӣ˵Լո˷纮ҪŲ
һƽﳳüңһؼʱ
ڶ೼ΣȴҲû취Ҳ֪˭˸ͷᵽ½
½Ȼλʿ
Ҳ֪½ԭлˣΪԷȻʼݱͶͶл䡣
Ҷ֪½Ǳ³裬ƹܽλڳжһġ
ҵ½С
½ˣܱ¿أ¹ػãҿɾȫָˣ 
½Ǹˣ˵ڹάֻ΢ЦѿڴӦ
ЩϼһǼŰԼŮͽδȢޣкιϵ
ο½ϦԼ̫ӸпӰ΢΢һЦش
˼˶ʧܣҲЩɥ
ˣ£ǲϼ޻ˡֻҸʵ˺ƣԷſܻϵȥ档


97 
ҵ̫ͷϡ
̫û뵽ģ Ȼ¡
λ̫֮أȴпࡣ
ͱȺ֪ˣȷֲԾҹȥ̫ӵıȰ롣
Էģ
˹֣ ԴǳϿҵ̫Ǳµʦ ˵һУ
̫ ип ֻǱʦ ֲοȻʶñû취ֵ
ûƼ඼ܱ װ֪Ҳװˣ
뵽⣬̫üкȻ˸ӡ
պ ̫˵Ϣ
̫֮ʦ ֻûʵȨ λԲһ˿ɱȡٹٷǹϵ׽ĳӣ˴ο
Ҳܵ롣
³·ϣ ˸ֵ̽´ˣ ̫أ ׼ʱȥݷã
һ㶣̫ú𣿡
ǰ컹Сͷ أ ôһգ۱˳ˡ
ҡҡͷп˵̫ʹˡ
̫ϵر죬϶Էڱǰ˵ǶĶԹֻǴͷš
û뵽̫ô ˼һ£ Ǹſ
𨱾Ϊ̫ĶӽӴǣ û뵽Էȴ˵̫Ҫһ£ܾЩŹ֡
̫ϵҲ׽ΪʲôԷҪר̼Լ
екɣڼ̫ʱʧˡ
ԷУŴա谵ӳĵڴϵСͷ
ڴϣرգ΢
游ĸҲС˶ʱʶ̫ʵ̫ˣ
̫̾˵Ҹǰżз纮˭״תֱ¡
⻰Щˡͣ岻ƴǰ׳ˤӻһͨķ纮Ҫ˰
̫ӵҸѻգѵʱ١ǳ´Ҫ㡣˵ǰЩԹ㲻ס
΢΢üֵ̻ʲô£
Ȼ̫ǰԼеСԹҲʲô£˶ˣûʲôüƽϡ
赭дҹǰԹתͷʵ̫̫ҽ𣿱֪̫ص𣿡
ѯʣȴǲ֪¡̫֮ʦǵ֪أô᲻ʾػ˴ʹοʡ
̫ӺͿ飬űأ
̫˵ôģ¶֪¡֪̫û£ĸҾ¡
ۿ̫֧֧ᣬشϵ̫òԼˣӣ
תͷš
˵̫Ժüôһˣ
ֻ̫شӴŻ֣ӣһ°㡭
һæ̫ǺúŰɡ
̫εĻʲôҪԼҪ浽֮ʣҲÿ°
뵽Լ̫ǼλͬʣܸоԼ֪߽ʲôı
ԽԽԾȻʮϤ񲻾ǰݹͬľ顣
ӵʱ㱻˺ȥȻʣȻʺȻݱһ˽˵ͼı溦Ȼʡ
ʱֻʣӺȻˣҸ˰æ֤ͽͶûС
ıԽԽԶ뵽̫ҪˣȺ˹ԼԷΪ˵̫޻Լɣ
ǡôʱ̫˵̸̫ӱ£˵Ҫȥ
ֱ龰ְ
⣬ŵò㵱
ۿֻʣԼ֮ʵ̫ˣ𨵱̫ӲöԷ뿪˸˵Լˣ˰Լ˺͵Ⱥ˽н䵱֤ʱ֤Լס
һȺ˲֪ʲô£һԷںԭռŵķʱӵڿᡣ
̫
̫ӣλ´˲вɣ
̫ûʱ챻ˡ˵̸ҪһȺɵڳ
̫Ա¶һʼղ޳ɡ׼Լص飬°в³׶Ͽ
һ֮˵Ŀ󣬺˻ܾ
һλ֮˵ѡܾˡֻҪԼͳеһǧɣպǰҲޡ
һӦºǷ񷴻ڣڱ¸ң̫Ŀıﵽˡ
ƻκγ˼ά棬ıۣһΧۣ̫˿ڡ
ȻǴõ飬ҵ飬ôǰ˵ڣ
˵಻ɵˣֻӣҲ˵ڣӱǣ
̫û취Ťתƣֻ˶Σԭó·ֿҪ󣬸Ϊóͬɺ
ӣм㡣
վһԣۿ̫ɫˣȻԽԽ̫ж˰
ɫһе̫˵ǴҶء
̫ˣθʼˣһ޺󣬳ܱ¿أӦڴ϶Ȱο¡
𨣺
𨻹Ϊ̫Ҫʲôأû뵽¡
ͱ¶Ѿʱ䣬Ҳˡ̫ô˵ڴӦûû⣬̫İɡ
̫ŰȥȫҶȥ
סĳ嶯ϱӣͿ͵ûҪ˵ˣ߰ɡ
̫³ĳ侪֮Լ汻ʲôôɾͿˡ
𨻹̫Ļأû뵽ûˡ
̫˵ҧܷӣʵҧгݣܸоԷǻعⷵҪûˡ
ֱʱ򣬲ԼһȺ˽ݣһ̫ʲôԼ첻£ô죿
ʱ̫ˣԼӦһԷô졣ȥԼɾ˵ˣ
ؼҺ󣬻˰£пһԼĻǡ
ϺүźӣҲЩˣ޳˭̫ôء
˭֪ڶգ̫Ȼϳˣ
𨱾ڽ콫̫˵߱أû뵽ڳϼԷʱ̫ˣ
ǳʲô鵤ҩõҲ̫˰ɣ
̫һʲôû䵽ɫܲÿϳӵĸϳˣ
ϷȫڼЪϢգȻһ۾뵽ǰǾ䰲ġԽԽòԾΪԷԼϳ
ӣҿɲ⸱ɫ
˰죬ɴ³¸л䡣
лĵǣЦˣΪı̫
ΪȻҲûܡ
лЦЦ´ˣҲûȫ̫ˣȴΪ˼㡣
³ӵĶлĶĿοн
̫ǰżȺˣűϳƲӣлµ˶ԷĴ㡣
̾
һղȺ˸˼վᶨ
ȥ̫˵ơȻ򣺡ԭȻװ
л䵭ϳˣƲԱ
лΪ߻ʱû뵽ԷȻʹļ׵Ȼװϳⲻ͸װӿһ𣿡
Ϊʮأû뵽͵İ취ʱԼѧһСɡ
лʧЦѧõİɡ
תת飬ԶԱ仰ѧ֪ʶ˼ٴλص̫˵˵ơ
뷽űµĻǼôȥˡѾδƽϢеķ
ҪǣҲĲСȻЩҲ˵̫һȺԼ߶ĺܷ
պӭλʧɢĵС㣬¾µĳŮ
˵λСʱ岻ãµĻʦҲܱ󷽿ɼˡ߽ϼŽӻ
Ϣ⧲Ѹٵûиκ˷Ӧʱ䡣
ڴ˼˾ٵı²λС㾿ǼʱһϢըóǶˡ
¶ԺСһģ㼪գ׼
ˣ


98 
Ϣ⧲ըͷۻһع뵽ĵһ±ǡСӲʵ
ҽæȰ㵱ӦͷȴñȢҵս㣡ⲻǶ
ûͷϵһΪ ¶Ůһ飬 ҪԷΪ£ ضǳСӵĹ
ûг𨵥 λȻһλеС㣬 һ飿
ڳΪôǱȻǵ˳˻ʺ ƹܺ󹬺Ϊж
ڵʺԼ㣬ȻͲٵˣ
ڳ˻켣ٳ꣬ ÿһԶСҲи̾ᣬ ĻֶҲ̫ˣ
̫Ϣ ֱ𺳣ҹҪɽ
Ҳ̫Ƕ ȻԼ׽㶼ƣ
Ȼ˵ ɴиȴźϾΪı죬 Ϊ˲һ λĹ ·ɱҧ˶Ҫλá
ˮһգܲҪǳƲûϳ˿̴ҹƶҪ̲ס̶Էֶˡ
ڴʹĹʱ ˺Ȼðһ䣺˵ ¿ûô򵥡
ź룬 ı۵ûǳӱˣ
һ㶣ǸղŵߣųԹϵ˴˻
ҡͷԣüС㱻ѡΪʺ󣬳ӱƲ٣Ѿûϳˡ
Ҳ͸¶һ΢ź·󣬴Ҷվһ߳ԹϡϧǲҽӽûϳĴҶûһϢ
ӳƲ٣没ˣв
Χ۵⣬ԥѡ˺ߣ̫ǰûУȻ֪еˮ֡
ּˣ˶¡
֪УΧ۹ĹԱԽԽ࣬УֵؿЩ͵
˻ûˣط˵ɳһֲ߻ɹԼºӦϲô᲻
ұó¾ǱƵĿˣ⣬ȴ־ǳ¾ʹֶ˱¡
ۣⳤǵĹϿԽԽ˼ˣ
вΧ۵ĴУһ˵˾䣬Ӻͱ¸ãԷҪȢˣĽ㣬һʱҪҲף
˵⣬̲ס̾
ҲǸ˰ƽЦûʲôյӣȴܲˡ
֮ǻԼҲĲʡ
ҶݵΪӸ̾䣬̸͵Բ޵
Ͼֻǳһ˲ľˣûϳ˵׼ڼæŴͬҲٸء
˺ʵ˵ǳӲͬ⣬»Ȣ𣿡
룿ʱ䶼ˣæãʥּˣܷڣ
Ȼ´ǰΪ˳ӣҲδûлᡣ
˵á
°ͣص͸¶һϢ޲ǰȥһżȻмλСһ棬ǲôң
˸ӣصλС㣬ͳӳüΪƣ
òųλСǼٵĿܡ
񲿸Ʒݱ¿ͣһж߹⡣ºƷ飬Ǵӱ˽ѡá
ɻ飬Ȼƣеϸȴ˵ιȫµģŲþЬϵɫСƵѡʡ
ȻͬݵӺ͵ѿ֧Ҳͬ
ݱ·ԸԷԴ˴δʮӣ֮ͨࡣ
ɴ˿ɼлλСʮֿں˵ֻΪ˷Ȣһλ
һ㶣ʱȻ˵ˣ
ӱ¸谮˭ɾ˵׼ˣ
ܹһ򣬳ɺͳ
̫ؿڣʱаܻŷ磡
ǰ˵˭⣬ųȰ󣿣
̫ˣ⻰ҾͲˣѵǵҡ
һȺ˻жΣȺֹ˾䣺ţƺϲһʹôҶ
ԭΪǶԳӰݼڣȴñ˵׼ϲƫò͵ˣŮ
ۻˣϲ˵ȴѾƻҪעЩûкͳòˡ
ͬʱҲ̲סи̾
֪ӿݻķۣлкθ롣ԼİҪȢˣΪܵͼޣֽԷ
һ˵ã

ǶڳԳĹϣ˿ȴԼ
ƲϳĲȫΪڳʱڴ顣
ʱͷڣϣһֿαŹӿУһһĶ
õصСʱ𨻹ļһѣΪԼǵõʲô˵еĹŴС顣
û뵽ȫ֣дĶǷϵ̡
صС̫͹֡С̫ŹͽܣҲǱߵˣˡ
ͬѰȢ̸Ϊ·Ϊĵ֮ܲҪٹٹأȻ˸ɡ
Ҫѧһ飬;ḷ́ٹǰ
ûʲôͲסôһȱµʷٸ
Ծܳܲͷȴò汳ԼΪʻˤͷΪʷᡣ
뵽⣬ȻԱߵС̫ࣺʷڷˤӵĻʺ𣿡
С̫Ľ񾪿֣Ұɣ
Ҫڷˤˣû£Լ϶군ˣ
Ҳһ˵Ъˣץʱһ飡вʱģٱһ飡
ԣҾʡˣˡ
Ѿ³š
æϰĳ𨣬Ҳæһţǣࡢ񲿣ʹ󳤹Ҳæת
Ϊ𨼴ޣæˣͿϷˡԭΪⱲӶû취Ů޵ĳˣû뵽֮ȻԲ
ϺүҲʹתżһ˻Ҫȥһãǰʱʵ۵Щ˳߶ԷѾŮˣԼˣƽʱϰæ࿴㡣
Ϳ˫ֺգڵϣϿҵ˼ҿ±СŮһ
ˣ
ڣ
Լͷ˲ú䡣Ĭ죬Ȼǳɻʱ㲻Ҳ˰ɣ
Ϳû
𨻹֪游ĸֱȥˣͷ׶̹ɵرġ
ʺܲʱ˵һģͨ˵ǻ񽱸ԡձлظллٹ٣ȻʡչδԼԼ쵼
һԣʺԼд񲿴ʡ֪˭дģֳֳĻźüҳֽʹ
氮дĵл䣺


99 
ƪֳֳģ 𨱳Ӹ˵Լˣû˵黹Ҫģⲻǿ𣿣
ϻʺ˵һ£ضл佫дĵ Ҳһ飡һ־ͷ
˱ģ 𨻹Ҫѵ̬
佫ڰٹٵע¾У ʱһһжᱻ޷Ŵ ݲһ
Ϳң ԴҲǳϰʱԼලϰĽȣ ܶûᡣ
ϰ̬񲿶ԵۣԴ۹ᣬ ϰҹ顭
ڻʺСٳɰѧ˰£ ¶˺Ȧ
Ϣǰʱһ ع°ȥϳϾװ£ Ҫʱٳ Ǿ˵ȥˡ
² 㲵ػصã ܸоͬ±ʮֹŹ֣
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лȻһΩԸպǵĺѧһϲҪѧ˳𨡣


100 
ѧһѧ˳ӣ л䲻жྫʡ
⻰лҲֻԼ룬ȴǾҸ֪𨣬Էӣܵڲɻˡ
Գһ£ û׷΢ֶݵĳĬ
뵽Լղű˺Χ׷½صĳ δ ǽҲùֵֹģ ³Ȱ뿪Щ
üʲô벻
лü ֹ
һ֪ĳ𨣬λ󳼵ȴ֪һݲܱ¶ ΪҲֹе飬Խ⣬Խ𾢡
лü ѵ֪ӵĹϵ
ЩͬĿ⣬ ü֪֪ˣ ΪʲôҪôңѲû䰡
ǰʱڹޣ ΪЩͱµĹϵˣ û뵽ڲ֪
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С֡
Ĺע㻹һ档л䴹Ц ͷίǴСЩ
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𨰵ᶨҪľģһҪĹ޵ĸЩƫԶЩõĹҵھ
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ۿų𨣬ƶݡǳǳ˶Է˵˵ˡ
Ȥĳ뿪Լ¶УԼһʡ
¼ҹˣжɡ
𨲻֪л룬öԷ֡һۣ˵ԼĹأû˵㡣
֪˶Լܼɻ䣬ֻ˵Լû˵л䣬ԷӦô
л䱧סȻЦ˵ϧӰ֮󣬴ԼҪͬˡ

Լ˻ʺ󣬿϶Ҫлһˡ
һ̾˵벻ͨ˯һײģҲ̫ˡ
ȻҪ˵Ҫһһ;ÿ׷ŽȥⲻǱڷ𣿡
ԼлһǺױڷأҶҵ
л䣺
õӣǵȫûˡ
лγ̾һһ̹𻨸⣬ݵǰֺЦӣͨɡ
һ𻨸⣬Ȼ˵֪ˣ˵Բ˸㣬Ҫ˵ˡ
˻ûɻأôԼ
𨲻ߺȻ¶ЦţǳǳһлĴϡ
գգۣǰ㣬Ϣл䲱ɤ᣺أ
Ĺ𻨸ϢŮߡл΢
̧ۣĿǳγ˫ۣεǺεĵЦݡ
ܲ


101 
ʱܿȥ ת۱㵽˳ǰϦ
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ΪҪ¶棬ֻ˼ٰ¾ɳ£ л絶޸˰أ
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Ҳֻһ˵Ͼл䲻⣬ Լº ϶Ҳ֡
ọ̈̄վһԣ һλŮӴԼлأʺָоҲ̫ˡ
ֻá𨡯ܳˡ
ɴ˸ڣ ơ𨡯ˣ ޷ϯԽȫֻг¾ 𨡯֡
һ磬æµ
ճг̰ŵ쳣æµ Ǳͽ ³׺󽫽з䣬 ܰٹٹء
ϣ ҪȺһͬ˸ ء
ӹɣǷǳҪһ졣
˹̼࣬µڣÿ˶ܽš
𨱾Ҳܽţ Ǽҳģ ֶٿ󼸱飬 ǵгΡ
̫ˣƪҲ̫ˣһɴغܹȥˡ
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ĵ·ѾٱΧסֻԶԶںױ̧ƳȦھϲ֮ɫ
ͣ·ȴֻгһǰС
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102 
һ㶣 ׶Է⻰ʲô˼
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Ϊĺֵܣ ʱҲ֪̫Ӻͳϵ֪ˡۼ֤̫ӱȦʱ ˲벻У ʱΪ̫ӵǻ˱ճɾ
û뵽·ðһĽ㣬 Һͱ²ס֪ʱʧڼˣ ʱҲһ
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ۺΣ ڳѹΪ ʮױҲü١
Ҫ˵¶Իʺûи飬 ֻǷ곡ϷǱȻƭˡ
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ʱʱȻ˵Ǳˡ
ɫã˵㲻塣ߣСүӣ
ɴۣգ۵ô̼𣿡
ʱüܴ̼
ȻʧŶ鰡
ΪʱҪȥĳЩٶ˵ĳأ¶ԷԼƶûȥ
ˣǲָʱжˡ
ڹһȦЪݱˣȻͬնڻδɻǰл𱣻İȫ
Գعðлһˡ
ڶճعʱлĹģɢʵʲô
ĳһѾԼԼ
л䣺
ͣ±ʣЦЦʲôˣ
°ͣ
ʵмܸлˣʻ
뵽飬Ȼ˵ý֪ǵĹϵôѽ
лںȲ裬ԲǺĽ㣿
ſϣǰ˵¾ѽ
лһԺٸʱѧЩĵ¡
аڣлȻ֪պʱ顣
ô˵Լֵܣˡǳ˵ʲôвİʱûʲôϵ
л̧񵭵㵱̫ӸûյĻڡ
ûǣ𨵱̫Ӹ͵͵ǼС飬ʱ
飬˲졣
Բʱܣֻίֵȱˣ
֪ԼȻû̫⣬ǻ̲סһ֮ʺƵҲԺ˵㡣
лĺۣ׼һͬš
ǣֳڵȥ𨿿ԱıգȻŤͷʵ¾ҪңҪҵܵܣ
л䷴ӦѸ٣ܽϷܶҪ𣿡
Ц𨲻ͦУھѡʲôѡ
Ӱ䣬Я߹ȣЦɢɢ֦ͷҶ

Ūص飬ֿʼҪϳˡ
Ϊڼְʺסڹеʱˡæ飬ָֻ˴ǰղϳϰߡ
ۿųӹڵķ볯ʱͲԾˡ
֮ǰͬأڿ˼ҸûϹ
޹Уʺ֪𣿱Ȼ֪ˣ



103 
˵ʵ۳購ӵģ ȴû˵購ӵöԷޡ̫£ǰҲϵĳ購嵽̶ֳȴ֪
û뵽ᣬȻҲ·
Ȼڲƹĳã ̸ת˲ţ ޷ռ̫
´֮ αƽң ľ
ͬ£ ɳĴϽӵѵսսаܡ
Ѿڴ˵ؾӪã ӾɵǵŲսȻʼݱ̫磬ӸҲ㣬 ٴѹ վǰܶʤ١
¹ȥ ѽڶĩڸ翹ѾͶ ӱܺء
Ƿɱ ȴ顣
Ӿɲԣ ڱܰǰ 벿̸Ͷ³ʱȻѹܴ ȴػ룬ֻҪ̫ӵͷԼᱻΪ˺ͱȦ
λͶǰҹء
ɵأ ȴû˸˵
޷Ϊּпϵı£ µˡ
ȻʼݱµǻҲȥ˴꣬ ˵ʱ˲ȴҲһжǱµơ
ӺȻʵǷйϵۣǶԷûѡıĽҲȦ
Ȼ´һʼûӵԲŻ뾩ı档
ôĴº󻼡
ĵ죬ݱлȴԤϡţɿָ⣬ֽƮƮڰ档
𲻾ǰյϢ֪ӳǰͼٱͶʱ΢䣬ǳ̾һ
ܼǰл⡭Ҽǵмӣ
ر£һŮˡ
л鵭ܼ̾ˡ
Źһҳ
ʱ˲˲µһйأ˽ҲԱԹĺݣûֳ֮
ŹѾãȴ׶Էġ
ı֮ģʹȦڳҲᰲȣıǳ顣
ʹʹ侲պ󱬷ڸʱһٲܱҾԶս
սңʹȡҲƽҲỢ񡣱´ûнӷȴɻ
л䣬ƮƮҹû·ϡ
Ȼף̧ѯԵŹʺڣ
ر£ʺһȥˣ˵йء
лۣ

ѵƽҰ˼ˡ
糯ȵƽϢΪǷӦѡһ̣
´ѹȥ꣬ڼʺһֱûдϢټĺ󹬣ȻֻлʺһˣԼʱʱ޵ĳӡ
ǰЩʱմһΪΪ޸ǳȥȻֻгϽܶˣұòԾˡ
ͨ󳼼ҲмС檣ºεݣûкǧˣȻϵֻйһλʺ
Ϊӵʧְ
ǰƴʱֲѡѵƽҲùɺ󹬣Ϊʼҿ֦ɢҶ˰ɣ
ʶ˴˻һöݵĳĬ󣬶ʱٸ
ɫأϥӣӦԹΪأӯ󹬹
ûʲô£˫ִ˯أȻѡСš
ˣŤͷ뿴˭ôȱ¡
񾭲һûҪܻʵȢٸСš
˵õ֧֣٩٩̸Ȱ˵³ӯʱȻú쬵ġ
תͷ˳ŭ
ˣ
ȻˣСҲһȡ
лδѵƽϢЩȴĿĺС˼ʺ
ĸһڣл仹û˵ʣµĻ˱ˢˢؿӣȴԷķӦ
أȻܵ˵ĹעãȻˡ
Ҹ
лףȻûдҵ
뵽ЩԼķԣʱͷˡ
л̾δʺ˸У޴
⻰һͬ͹һˮ˶ըˡ
£
˼
һƬУлüģоϣպᡣ
Ȼ˽ܲˣΪʣµ߶Ȱ룬лֱŹ˳
лߺ󣬳ȻŸԭƽ
δţ
д⣬ضС˱ƻ󣡡
йӱգȻռ£Ī¶ռˣ
˷Ӧ˼ң֮⣬ҲΪ汻ķŭ
Ҳųõǰ׷ʺ֮λδ뱻֡Ѷ˺˱ضűºеλ
ڣ¾Ȼ˵ˣ
²Ҳζһλʵ˭ֻ
һȺ˱ãȻͬؽìܹϡ
Ҳ֪Ͻιƻ£ʹԷͬ⡣
Ҳǲˣʺ֮λˣλܵø˷һְɣ̫ӵй֮ܲ⣬ֵʣһڰ
֮£ϱա¶Ȱӯ󹬵Ӷ̫˳޹
ӹǰ˵Ѿ
¿ɴСѾȢޣֲҪóӯƽ⳼ӼĹϵʺȻӣȴҲŹ꣬ԶûʺҪϺ󡯵ĵز
ҲûʲôϵڴȰµԴҲ̫غĹҴ£ɳǰͺ̵ײˡ
ֻΪ²£Ǳĵһͷײʷټ˵ȥҲʰ
Ȱ£ҵ˸ˣ
պ³󣬱㱻Χסˡ
˵⣬ָԼıӣǽȥȰʺûʺȰѡ
ԴǣϥӡʹѡҲþСѡλӽˡ
ãҲˡ
Ҫռ󹬣¸Ͳʵܲñ²ѡˡ
ԴҾһѡ󹬿ԣҲҪСѡɡ
󣬴ҶΪڴӦ˭϶ԷӹŹˡ
ǰҲ˵вɺ˼Ҳţֱǰձ½ԣȺܾ£Ÿš
ԼŮģȻϲ
Щڵ飬Ҳ֪ˡ
ΪδУÿμЩ˶ܿߡ
û뵽УǸɵӣȺ˾ȻȥȰ˵
Ǵǰ϶˵ʼƿڴˡǰʮˣ侲һ£ûеһʱ·ҷ
Щ˳ܣҪһԲϴ
ԼƵʱ϶Ǳķݡ
ջ֣װЩ˵ʲôΪβԼȥ£
װͿ˵Цв֪Ƿ´˽ճ޹У¹ϵɹ׽ЩһȥֶԳа
ϣŮ²ǲҲŲ¡
ǰҶ׵Ϳȴֱӽҿ˴¡
Ǵǰӵ⻰ضߵͨ졣
ǰó̫߽ǵָժϣ
ССĶˣҲɳˡ
ͨ׵˵Ҫˡ
Χţ˫ִ䣬̾ȮӣʱԴʱ̫ЩҲλȥұ̸
д˶ٷűˣиƨӡ
ٴ棬ŮҪ
˭ԸɷֻԼһˣ˭Ůһݳ谮
ӶûԹĿ࣬ƾʲôŮȥԣʹӵ£Ҳ
ͲñһӲôܻЩ˳ıߡ
ԴǣŲ˵λ˹ıº֮£罫ĿųԶЩ֮ϡ
𨲻֪ð˳̽ͷ͵԰λʵûȥǽ


104 
ʮλͬʣ ҲȥˡˣԼ챻ҲҪһЩˣ
˭ϳȻð˳һ֮ʣ λ˸
ָų𨣬 ߷ߣӣ㣡ҵȽΪ¿ǣ 㲻Ϊ·Ǳˣ ΪλԲѷ
ǺԺȰ˵ ӲӦ˵˵ʵˣ
Цһ£ ˵λΪ·ǣߵĺ飬ϱߵ µĿƾ٣ ·ԸĻ޽ļ²ֵǸģ
ֵӢ꣬ Ӣ䣬δã λҪٲһ֮ Ϊʱ硣
ЩҪñѡУ ЩԹִŰ壬 ֻͬлʺһˣ ЩȴΪԼŮ
Ů빬ܷɵȼСֻҪܲñ³谮ɹСӡǱܲһ츻 һࡣ
˻һ ˽Աɫ
ı̫ˣ вûŮӣҲδıͼº󹬡
޷ܱΥǰΪǻʺڻҳ١˵ʹУ֮£Ҳɡ
ʱ̫ѣԼ˾пıͼλɣʱųһ亹
֮ʦλڳгȻˡֻҪⱲӲı泭ҵȴ꣬ʷ
Ա˳ŵҪȥ˻ˮ
̫ԼǱǹʹˣʱּҪи±ġ
̫ͬ뷨˲඼ظִ
ȺԱĹǴͷβֻñɴûͼıλ
»ʲŵǻãûûӰھͼΪûӰСվӣǻ
Ҷʱһڨڨҳˡ
м˱£ԱɫԣҵĹ֮½Ϊ˱£
ˣЦȾǺ뷨ϡ
ҲԼͬ뵽Ӻͱ¹ϵǷĥͬĵѲǱҲΪ
ԹŻʵۣ˿ԼΡ뵽¶ԸӵֶΣڵ˶ʱһ
⣬˰һ롣
⣬㵽ΪֹҲԡ
˻Ϳ֪º󣬷ŭЩ˾Ǵ̣
ҲһüҲִԼˣΪЩΪ˱£˭ȫơ
Ϳǲ˵ǽŮʺҲأ°֮Ҳ̫Ӽλֵõǣ
ҲȻѡȻԼﻹûȴѾоΣˣ
𨱾Ϊеˣû뵽Լòᡣ˵Ҳûôأҹǵġ
Щ˻зֻõС˼ҲŸոѿδܳΣǿΪպ·
ҿ£Ϊġ
ϳعʱлᵽ£ԼԼĿš
л⣬üЦŵǣҲ徻ա
ʵû̫˵Ŀϣл־ᶨǵȱҵľ
Ҳ֪л䲻ͬ⣬Ͼ˸ǳ˿ɱȡһ򲽶ԣлӦˣǱˣг·
ûʲô¡
Щڳʱִл˶Լ󹬣Ҳ÷ȴֲΪС´ɱɱӺ
𨿴չ˿ŵλŵ̫ˣΪһݣЩ˱ˡ
߶߶ıԹʹ˵ҿ˾ʢñҪ޽ͨݵĻ·ȥɣ
л˿⣬Ҳࡣ
Ϊ˵Լ·飬ûаһֱôֱ
л乴˹ǰЩ£ɶԴ俴ϷôЩϵĴ󳼱ס
лѣãȻգۣҲԼƺࡣ
л˵һǰضԴ֮ȫȨл䴦ȴԷĽ
ҲȥЩʲôŷֵлѹˡ
һ£ȻȻ˵¶ҺܺãҲ㱻۸
˵飬ܲʼԹۿϷ
лϲˣԷΪ˺ܶ࣬ܲʼİõزκ°
Ҳ̫ˡ
лĿᣬ˵ˣллΪ޷ǡ
ͷе⣬˵лϲ
һϲ㣬л¶ķգƺֵá

л䲻֮£Ⱥý
˽ΪҰ󡣻ʺݲ£ƶʣΪ󡣿ϧѾִȨգǵɳҵ
ֻи̾֡ϾӵЦڶϣпֻţûӰСӣǱµظҪ
ȥȴµ¡
лѾˣʼûдϢǰͿ˶ûϣ֪󳼿Żõն˼ȴЩŲˡ
Ϳ˵Ҳѧǰɣ
ǳüѣϺүϷ˻ãͿȴʮ˸Ů
ԽԽǣܡǷû£ɱº⣬˵ʮٹʮйԾӣЩնС˹ҪС˼ˡ
ݷĲģ˳лȴû·ϡ
ʲô֪ɵִ֡˼άΪԼᣬԲӡ
л֪顣
⣬²ɣ̫ҽ˽ʱΡΡʺѪ飬һϲס
ټķ˪Уֻмλ̡Ź仰ŵõ¡
ۺ鲻£л֪΢΢ȣǳ̾һ
ãȻƬ̣ܿ²Ҫ߻ʺ󡣡
ĿɨˣڴҶ֪
ΪлԴ޴ӵ֪
ָ˴꣬ȻûϢ
˺ɵҪѡʱлڴϣų֣İ˵ٹ꣬кõӣҲ˸
𨿴ɵһãȻʵΪʲôԼûкҪȥ̱˵ĺӡ
ǰǶˣڶɻˣлΪʲôŹ°
л䣺
ʱĽ𨣬ѾɻʺˣÿĵľȻϳǰ˯ӣ
һ£вѣȴǰ㲻ģ
𨲻֪лΣҳС黰Ҷ˵СûȤ
ܺӺ˷ǸûʲôĵˡСӱȽƤǱ˵ĺӣܶûȥ̵
Ȼ뵽ʲôŤͷһֹл䣬üʵ̫ҽ˵ʲô𣿱㲻᲻аɣȻΪʲôö˶˵ģҪ˵ôԶĻ
л䣺
ûǹԼ⣬Ͼ̫ҽҲûԼᣬ¶ԵģԴ
лĸ첲ο˵ģŹ㰾һʮȫǸط
лЦˣҲøͣɴŶԷһԵвС
ģҲֻܸȤĦȭҪлΪΪκԼǸÿϰ࣬ǳǳԹκ󣬱ʵûͱ´սٻغˡ
֮󣬳˯ȥл俴գָĵظԷ˿ü䡣
죬л佫뻳УǳǳĶͷӵߡ


105 
＾̵Ĺȥ
еĺɻ㣬 Ϣص䣬ӭ˰װĶա
ԼΪԭ򣬳Խô˯ ÿպ޲øůĴء
Ȼÿջϳ ÿʮղһϢʱ䡣
𨱻лѼΣ ۼѾ쵽ĸ ֪ȥҪŵʱˣ Ĳ鲻Ը뿪ϴ
лȻۣǰţ Ȼһȥϳ
˸Ƿ˯ڶԷԣʱֿʼ͵͵˯
лˣ Ц ߵ˯ ÿ糿Խϲ
Ѿùˣδߴٵ úóԷ
ۣ ǰİ࣬ ûʲô˵ûθڡ
˵⣬ һ
𨿴ϵĲˣ ˵첻ԡ
л̧üôˣ
תת̵ۣذʾ˵Ҿÿ˯ˡ
⻰һ źŹﲻסˡ
Ծ̫ˣ Ҫװȥϳ
̶뵽飬 лô²Цһ£ȴ𴩳𨡣˳ɻѽһأȻԹ糯ʱ̫磬ȴղڣȻÿζŵĶ볯ѾлĿ࿴
ԷװҪ͵ȻҲֻ۱ֻۣ׼ŹԷ
лЦЦó극شϢʱȴֺȻ뵽ĳֲ²⡣
ȷʵ̫˯ˡ
лһŹʹ˸ɫ˴̫ҽ
ŹдȤɻû䣬µҲʱ
ŹҴҵȥ̫ҽԺ
л俴ɫԳ𨰲£̫ҽơ
ü۲䣬ȴֶ˳ǰǱĲյ
һ±ơ
лദãԷôῴСϷл䲻׼ĲپˣﻹҪҸ̫ҽҴԼ
һ뵽̫ҽˣһ䣺ʺװʱ
׼ϧǶѸ٣Źһ˱Ҵʧڵ⡣
¹ػʺ˸иŹ֪ʺڱеĵλ֪һǰ̫ҽԳõϢ
Ϊƽʱûݷ𡣱ӣȻŶԷáǱ޺󣬰֮λǱĻӵˣ
ʹڣŹǰ̫ҽԺ·ߵ÷ɿ죬ȴǳһ
¿ջϲһ̫ҽԺڳ̫ҽһһˡ
̫ҽԺ˶ΪڵΣûг˻ʺ֮ӣҲͲҪ˼˵ˡ
Źһ˼λ̫ҽѸ٣ϸϸһ󣬹ϲر£С
𨿪ʼŹô̫ҽʱȱ̫ء
û뵽ãȻ̧ͷ̫ҽ˵Լкˡ
㲻ƭҵİɣ
̫ҽ˵Ѿˡȴû֣ûҲû¡
Һý̫ҽ뵽ɢӣҲġ
µϢһ¡һ׼ûԼҲû⣬û뵽ξȻǻˡ
Դл󣬱㾭غȲҲЩ
𨻹ڻأһȴȻŹ¶Цٹºϲϲ¹ϲ
л棬ϲ֮Ȼһ˲Żع񣬹͡
Ȼлڳǰһʱ쳣ƽҲǳˣпȻϣԼѪ
⣬̫ҽϺлԤϣ֪Լкӡ
Щͬǰ㣬ȴòܵá
ûźãں𨡣ȡᣬлֻܰοԼʮȫ֮
ȴδ뵽ͨ峿һжԲ
лȻĿԵĳϡ
ڳУΪһˣڵĹأԼǶˣӡ
л䳯ʱգգۣȻЦЦݲġ
лһůҲЦˡ

ķ˪ڣŻϲϢ
ȻĽ첻ϳˡϳл˼ճһգҲ˵˶ϳˡ
𨻹ûԼелأͷлķԸòQƾʲô
벻ϰ࣬ÿԷװͬʲôȻҲϰ࣬ѷż٣
룬ⲨԼ˰
סл֣գ۳ϿҵΪ㣬糯Ӳһգ֮°ճأ
һԵŹˣ̲סǣȱ°
ڳͬʶϢһ죬ʲôˣ˲˵ľˡ
лҲ̲ס̽˼޲Ӧճ
˵԰
һλĻʺȰ˵һشأճһգҪ°
˳ɻڶգл䶼ûзż٣Ҫϳ
𨻹ΪԷһӶճأû뵽ôͻȻ
л俴˳С˼һѾ㲻㣿
ԴǳϿң˵³ңҲ١
л䣺
лճͻȻ룬Ǿ˼
Ǵ£ܴӰ죬Ͼϳ˼Ҳ඼ڳϣԵճһա
δȴȻͺҳŻȰջسϽȥϳ
лôأֻһԼȥϰˡ
ҺС̫໹ûüȥ䷢ЩڹȺĴҲͲ֪ԼżٵϢ
糯ʱлһûʲô˼ڵµĳϡ
µĳʱǰδеĲͣЩûɫ黹Ҫ˷ʱ䡣
֮ϣ֮ʱż뵽ʱǷѾùʱǷ˯
𨱾Ѫ㣬ܷ֮ɴ⡣Ϊ̫ҽԺѾ׼ҩźͰ̥ҩˡ
̴ʱѾҩҲ֪ϲϺúúҩǷвʡ
лϣǰ֪Լһջ˲ġԸ񱾾ɢЩϸ⣬¶֪ڼʱз
뵽̫ҽŴºĹ飬лͷˡ
ķԣպҪһ㡣
л֮࣬ڴϣһ˯硣
ΪʺϢʮְԴ̫ҽϳкΧ˶̬ۿɼøСġ
ΪˣԼȴûʲôرĸܡ
֪ԼʣҲ֪̫ҽϣֻǵؾöɻһˣҲ
˯һ󣬳˸ˬشӴ
ϳҲȥξ´񣬳ԼصĻĶ
˻ʺ󣬳ҲǰҲû̫仯ȤҲû䣬ϲָĻ
ΪɻԵʣҲؿСƱˣлȻԴһѾҲûԼ
³лҴһعڴߣü΢̬浾һרעġ
ѩƮ䣬ڳϣ续
л΢Ųϡ
Цۿ𨣬ȻĿҳǸʵĶ˶ͼϡ
лϵЦݻʧڿʲô


106 
𨷭ҳ飬 ҡͷۣ˲Ű
Ҳ֪ĸв֮ʿ֪˻ʵۺܶ˲岻ĹϵȻд˱
ݵȻ漰ʵۣĳλүǣ д˶Էö˵ľϵ
Ϊˣ һֲϵ һ߿ʮ𾢡
л³ģ һ³̻û뵽ԷԼôһϲ
лӳùǱС飬 ΢˼ҳͷϳĲԣ ʱͷ۲ѡ
ҵС׸ʱĶǡ־ӡͳĺȴ̥ʼԵүѾ13
ûǴ Ȿ鵱δǻʱ ӳûչһȥôã ⱾȻд
θΪţǳүѾ⣬ ˣ
л޷⣬ ĿЩĵĴͼɨ Цڿʲô
𨲻ԣ ãȻ鰡
ֱ лг飬û鶯üȻ
ˣ̽ʵҲ뿴
л䣺
Ϊ˭㣬 տЩĶ
ȴԼ¶ˣ 󷽵㿴Ǳɣ ҿ⼸ˡ
Ȼҳлע£ö֮
ղǱ͸лҲû⣬ء
лˣʵЩһѾ
ǰʲôԷԷУлࡣ
лǰʱ˵ĺӣѧһѧ˳𨣬ǲ
˺ӽȤҲѧ˳𨣬տ߰С飬лϿ»ʮҪȥ档
뵽𨽫źһͻĳлһݣʱ𨱣ЩС飬պٻԷ
𨱾ͦأû뵽Ȼ֪лҪûԼС飡
л̫ҽ˵ӤҲУУЩ²պ
лͣõɴۣܲƾʲô
վ˫ֲǿŶ󰡣ôܸŶӿǸҵɣ
л䵣ûվˤֻͬʱɫе¶Ҳƽҿǲܡ
δȳ¶飬лֻԸҲûϵÿճʱΪרŽӡҲֲһ
üۺ㣺㿴Σ
𨵱ȻԸˣ
ΪһλʵѧŲϲѧϰأò״ӹӼҵˣлȻ˵ҪϰϿΣ
ʶʱΪܣ˵ȵȣ룬Ǹĸףô˽ΪԼİò˺ӣ
л俴ĻʺЦһ
һӺл俴ǰһ飬üʵֻЩ
Գ˽⣬ԷŻ͵ЩԷһ͵͵һл׼ڽսĳͻȫûա
ò˵лԳ˽ǳ͸ʻ£Էֲ鲻ԸϽӡ
л俴ӵĻĬˡ
ҲԼصĻĿ᣺Ļỹ𣿡
кû˼ɫСƱˣҲ̫ˣ
ǿ˵ԺһҪŶܶ඼ǶҾġĻȻǾƷеľƷ
л̾һͷº͵ţպ㡣
л仳УȻ뵽ʲô̧ͷ˵ҴСӣҿҲûð
лüȻΪǰʱܶΰڶ֪Ĳ֪Ķ֪˰
л䣺
ڳ峺£齩ס
˵ģ֮ǰδķϸ֮£ԷĻȻʮел䶼޷
뵽ǰʱĳЩʱлǰδеءȴûûΣġ
̧ͷصл䣬̽ʵڿ԰ѻ𣿡
лƿԣ
νùִŶ
ʵ
ˣԷܽŵӣǲҪ˵Էˡ
Ϣһ죬㲻ò»ȥϳڶ峿ĸ㱻ѡ
ʵڳ𨱻ϳклöԷʱղϳϢ̥룬Ҳ̫ˡ
ȺֲɵӣԼֻʧ컹ãʱ䳤ʮ²߰ԱҪˡ
뵽µĸӹϵ˿Ӵҵ
Ȼϲ͵Ҳǳ鷳лԼãԼǰ漸վڳУȺԻסˣԵɵȥط
ǴƷ»򣬳˸ξƹܵļͨе񣬻ܿƾٵһͬ˴λԡ
Ǹ½ʵȴǼලԣԼԿѡΡ
λ˵СϳƷĹְͻأѳƾٸĸڱУлó´ڿʼӴ¡
õ󣬳в֪жۣΪ̥ЪϢ±ýȥˡ
𨵱ȻԸ⡣ִܶ˻кҲճԼҲûʲô⡣
Ȼл䲻ͬԼźܺ
леǣվԳΪʶֻǽճʱƽոעµĳ𨡣
糯ʱҲ㵽ŵ㣬ĸСʱϺʱϳʱƳӣҲǰСʱ
ڼڣĻʵۣµĳӶһֱվšҲ⣬˵ˡ
ʵûãΪÿϳʱвһľϲ
գ˿ظ湤˽͸֧⡣˵Ƿּ£·ͶҪǮǻ˹ΪѲϸǮ
ѺһĳҲڳãվƫԶĽ䡣
ԴӱѺҲ֪Լûаˣǿһ˼㷢ûйǰûĳԯ磬ȻǸƷҲ˸ơ
ڸּ޽ӣƹơ
֪º󣬶̲ס̾Ȼ׻˵úãֻҪŶ˵طܷá
ŷңǰΪƺԯĹĵرС١
лһɨյѺ飬ŵй಻Ρ
ɡ
Լǻˣһ࣬껹ÿͷôòźòװԼĳ
Դӵ֪лŮɻϢɵҲ֪Լ״̫ᣬԼȥˡ
ҲˣлͳϵǳԼⱲӹûλˡ
Ȼʵô˵ˣſп޵ͷɴĶȥѰռǵ
ռǵȱˮߺܶ࣬ũΪĹŴҪԿ֪
ѰѾ˳ȥǮȻǻ
½궯ƵƵǮһֻۣۡǲҷ£ֻðŹ
ԹС˳һƬΪԴǹڴ̼㶯ִ
ϻЩ˯أ˲ˣԼϳľʵ̫Ӣˡ
˿ûеԾŲӳԹϿϷ׼˭ȶ֡
ϷлĶΨֵǼλʡĵĳײ˳𨡣
üĿͺȵˡ֮ϳɺͳ
·ˣ˶ڨڨס졣
ſһϷڲݲճЩź
ĸСʱϰʱءûͬµݣʱöİ
ˣճԼûʲô࣬Ǽ˯ɡ
˿֪л䷽ŵĵǣ˫ִ䣬ֱ͵͵˯ˡ
³֮󣬳ΪλԼ࿼ٵְ𣬻Ҫ񲿵һֿͬᡣ
Իа£µļλ󳼴ʱڸ¶ڣй
վ˼Сʱֱ¼Ӱ࣬ûעʱ͵͵ȡ


107 
еԼеˣ ĻʾǿǴ
лˣ΢΢üԹŹԸλ󳼴һͬϵĻˮһģÿ˶С
ȻΣ һʱ䶼ж֮࣬ Щͷԡ
¸У ﴦ۲ݵ飬 ¡
Ӹ¶ɢȥ һ˷£֪½ΪζԴ˺á
ֻһźŹ 뻹Ϊʲôñ˲ģҲֻгˡ
һߣ ƽ³󶼻ȥξ¿ûʲô£ ʵھ񲻼ã ɴ׼̰಻ȥˡ
ȥξ£ȻҲܻˡ뵽⣬ ԼԼһҪ¡
ܿû˼Լʲôˡ
һĻԽҪʼ ⻹Ǳµǻٰĵһλԣ Ȼݳ
Ϊ࿼֮һ Ҫ׼Լල飬 ҪԼʱѧϰ
ȻǸ٣࿼Ҳ붮Щûһʱͬ£ֿ̽Ծû Լһ仰Ҳ̫ˡ
ǰҹ æתͬʱ Լʲôˡ
˪С
лڴ֮ϣֳģſǰİϣܱʼдԸҪ
лȻ̧ʵʺǷδغ
ãȻ̧ͷеæôˣ
лü㻹δ֮£
ɵˣû˵𣿣
л乴˹û˵
ڶ˵ӽл²Ӧδ֪еϢ
̫ҽϳклԸ̸֪ŷԼջҪظ緹Լߴϲл䡣
Ȼ岻ʣûгΪԵæµٻظԺ
лѣТŮԼǸ游ĸеˣ
űʣһɫˣ϶Ҫҡⶼȥˣ
ʱյϢͿϷˣҹӽ
ڡ
Ϳòᣬ˵Դô㶼ǲң
лҲ֪¿Ҫû뿪˿𨰤ѵʶǰ氮˵顣
ȻҪʱ˵Ǳ˵̥Сյɻ䲻˴֪̫ˡ
һԵл䣺
ô죬ֻ΢Цʹڹ
Ųӣ޹
£ͿϷ˱ȻΪǱµּ⣬Գûеһʱ֪ǡ
ȻǱµ˼Ҳ͹ֲԼŮˡ
ͿҵףֲϣһԷͷϵĺӡЩˣʱæ꺮ůػԷкûﲻ
ĸĹػ泩ֿ֡
ȻоɻҲͦõģ¿˦Է
Ȼ𨿿ŻǽԼлҲٴԱάԷĵ뿪ȥطžۡ

ȱߺϷ˲Ÿ˵Ļ
üԹֲˣô£Ҳţ
ͿЩ˵ôô£ԭǱµ⡣
ͷ̾Ϣ̫Сˡ
ӣڻʹڣԷǽж˵ҹ¡
Ϸʹ󣬷ȰȻˣ㰲̥ٹڹĴܡ
ǰǹڹ⵽ܣÿնЪͬ˶ӣһƣⷢˡ
Ϊᷴǲ⣬ͿҪ׼Ȱ˵Էˡ
˭ϳȴ赭дæλ԰ɡ
ʵ̫æˣҲ֪ǲԼãоЩ
𨱾ҩǲȣŵ밲̥ҩ
Ҹл䣬ԷԻֱּͣе¡
ǻԣΪ˳ﱸãؼʱ̷֣ԼĹ͹ˣʵںܲġ
ٳ졣
ҲǲµˣüƻȻ֮㲻ٹ飬ÿճϳרľ塣
գԡ
ǿ٣ԵıȽ硣ʱѾΧһѧˡ
ԺŻδ򿪣ڶѧֳ齹ƣֶر鿴¸ϰ
Ҳ˸طţ·̯˸ͷһΧ۴ұһ߿ͷ
½½˸лв͡
һ𨿴һԺԶͣ¡
һ룬ʱɫۣ깫緢
ʱȥμԣǰУ굱ȻҪμӻԡ
֪ʱҪμӴ˴λˣԴҲ⡣
¶ЦԷӻ֡ʱ۾󲽳˹ȻԵĽŶ¡
һͷݸԷͷһ롣Ժ˵ҳˢˡ
ʱӹͷЦˣҵ˵࿼һš
˭أǸһڹӼ࿼ڶĺֵܣȻҡһ١
ЦװģԼͷϵñӣûĵԼΪ˵͵ڻûñͻ
СʧӰװƣǣҿǴƷ󳼡
ฮٲ٣ȳٴĲ١ʱ游࣬ƷʱĵҲƷһƷԶء
ʱܸӣֵС֪ضǰƽпΪ
ҧһͷЦݵ⣺˵˵ҶǺֵ
ʱȤ֪ǰ;Ȼڿꡣǿ;вּ֮ǵøһ
һһѾ
ʱΪˣʱЦˣ˵㻹Űء
˺˿ͷ峺۾ͷգ㲻ðңԼС
־߽Ĵ¡
ÿɵӵϻҵȻ֪˵ء
Ȼ֪ʱˡ
仰˵Ϊʵ۵ıܣӣʱǰ̹·ͨ
ʱףְ취߽ݾǵ֪Կⶼ£Ļóڻ
һѾ˵ôΪ߿ˡԼЩ⣬дûС
ڻʱǸ߿ˡ
⻰ʱҲĬˡ
Ȼòϣ˵еָûõġ
˶Կݳ˵Ҫġ
һΧ˷ŵĶ£ʵ㲻ٿ鰡
ʱ񵭵ɨˣÿĶˣٿҲá
˵Ŀ󵨿Ҳģٹ״Ԫ
ʱҪЦЦȥŹ͢٣лл㰡
ʱһȥԺڴ򿪣ν
ʱȥԷһֽīȶǷȫȻ˵ҸոնǺ˵˵ʱαض״ԪѲ֣ۡ
ʱЦЦû˵
ص˵㿼꣬Ҹ˵Ϣ
ʱĺѣܸ߶ԷԼʵݣȴϰԸԷϲá


108 
ܹ ÿ졣ҪԺдϾʱ䣬;С޷ȥ
ͱʱ󣬳ҲҪɻˡ
˵طóùñԺġ
½λ񲿵ĴѾȺڴˡ˵ ƿһ·ǹ θһǽ½ һ»𨡣
½ͳ𨶼񲿵ˣ ҶǱ¿صĳӣ ʹԹҲֻܱĵס
Ȼ룬ֶĿڶѧӽС䡣
ǰ Цλ硣
񲿼˶ԹԳ𨲻ǣ½΢Цͷ´ˡ
𨿴½ Ȼʵ˵½˲ǰɻˣ½λȨأ ˵ɻҲӦ죬 ǳײлԸŹ˷ݺ֪¡
½Цݲ䣬 ׵ͳ´˼ǹҡ
̹֣ ϲϲ
̲סɣ ½ǵʿ ʿҲȢ
ûʲôϵ ʵڳи½񲢲졣
ͻȻȤǰΪǰлʱһ䣬˵δŻѡ½̫̫
𨲻̫˽һִ½ˣȴ֪ԷǸбµˣ Ǹˡ
˶٣ бִԲܹͷˣ ȴ١
ǰһֱΪ½̫ȥȻߵļı֪½š
½һʼͶ˱̫ӡ
֪Լȥ̫Բǽʵ֣֮ôҶı£󹦳ĵλ
󣬺ʵ±㲻ƭ𣿡
½ǼȻʺ˽л̽лȻҲ˶Է
лЦһ£ԼЦɰǸˣ㲻Ҷ
ȻϾãܸ̫Ӷñѿأھߣ½Ǹˣ㲻ΪʵЧ
л丧ķ˿ЦºͣǸˣֺα
һͨЩһ˲Ű
ԼĺˣЩ˵ֶȣϱ֮Զӡ
л˵½̫̫Ҳûʲôٱ̫½ҪЩ
ѧʶΪ˹ڹִ壬м棬⡣½һûм壬л䣬ϸ֮¾ʵѡ
Ҳ½ֶθл˼Ϊлڣ㲻ģҲҲĽ̡
뵽⣬΢ͬһ˲½񣬾öԷ浹ùȻ쵼иӡ
˶֪쵼̺ӲǸù̺˻ã̲þ군ˡ
οһŭʬĹŴ
½Ұģܹδ֮ʦδزԸͻ
𨻳ԼС˼½ССһȻع⡣
˽ַȥʱѻȸֻʣ¿ǷܱʼĶ
Ϊ࿼٣ȻܸšܸظʱʱѲ飬˼û⣬Ҫ鿴ûĿεڡ
ǰ㷢£ǰλڸãû˷֡
ڼ䣬ᱻС˽ʮ죬Կ嶼һĿ顣ڼʱ֧Ųס̧ͳ
Ѳӿץ˼Сͼ׵ˣȻȫ̲
չȥ½½ӿ뿪˷ܻƣ
ʱϰ䣬ãʱȻ񲻴
Ȼؼϴͷ˯һգղžȵȥҳ𨡣
֣Ҫ˵ʲô£
չСʺˡ
ʱɫʱ̫ˣ˵ϲ£Ī߱£ݺ£
ԥԥĲһʺԼĿԡ
ʱĿǿɵӣʲôԣ
֣ڲܸ㣬Ǹˣһ仰˵Ŀ
ʱŲţȴû˵Ļ
ʱҲеʶһЩˣԷԸ˵ȻҲ׷ʡ
һº󣬻Գ
ʱฮϲϳϲӡһƬϲУ뾩ּⲢδٹע
ֹ˼£ʺڶղһӡ
󣬹˳ϱƾٸĸо˹ƵĶر׶ˣƶϳƣͬʱ٣óһƬȻ
˷˷߿һУڶ̫ڶ࿹ԱɱӺﳯµʥּٸ๡

󣬳мС
СкҡͷĸҲ
Ĳ𣿺ܺóŶ
С̫ͷԼˡ
˵Ҳ߸ʵġȻ˵Ҳ˵ȥ
˵˵Ŷô;ǲл䡣
С̫ӳǰһ㶼ڹУҲ̫ˣҲӡǳݱʱѶӴ棬ܿ򸾣һٶá
ӷڳϵͳĵ㲦£ԱӺһ˰ռǵ׵ӣ϶³ʳбпʮֻȡ
С̫ӴӦ״̻ϲϲȥ·ߵСˡ˳˴Ǻ«ĸ˵ҸôһǺ«
С̫ʱСŮ񲻹꣬ѾԳһЩණˡ
Ȼ·ϾͰǺ«Եˡ
С̫ӣѾˡ
ǰĸ״棬˳˲ɾըӣعһӣ̫ҽԺûһ˯
òᣬĸٳ߰Ķº游֪ˣҲĸһ١
ڿĸƺѾ游͸ǵĶˡ
һֳ꿾ֿʼǺ«ȻǺĸģȻڰУһ·ǣסС̫ӵ֣ԷԷ߶
ȺҲۣ
ǰΪԸָĸһ£ŸѫһȥЩĶҪҲͰչ١
紵ɹ£һ·ײײò˴ŶˣǿǿסԼĹλ
ڴϴ꣬ҲǴǰǸˣںڵ̼СӶʶԼˡ
˳ؾָԭְͬΪӷϴ¥ϺȾơ
˻Լ⼸ӣʵһˮҪǻڰΪҪǳͷںƯ꣬ҶӶʶҡ
ʱĺ˺Ȼӣ
˵ԣȱµĳӣҲ˴
̽ͷԶǣ˵ǡǣС˭û˵ɻ˰
Ҳæã̫ӲŵǲС̫𣿣
С̫ӲʱҲԷȻο۰ӣʱԽ̵ڸ¶б㾭С̫ӡ
ʵС̫һͬڹ⣿
սսǳӻģҪıС̫Ӱɣ
һų뷨ӴС̫ǳŹڶȥ
οЩҲˡӺͻʺﲢԣƺǳг
ʺﻳʱӻʾףأС̫ӲʱҲûκβ˶пԺг
ۿǣС̫Զȥ°ͣпӶС̫ǲ
ӵжమ£Żе¡Դ׾ˣȻºͻʺӣ


109 
̾ ڳ༸΢ͬͬ˱ģ˼
³ɻѽꡣ
ȺҲɵӣ ȷʵ˷ֳʺ¾ϵʱƣ װҲôģ ˱㽥˶ߡ
ȴΪаŮװ һ˷ǽ빬мٰʺ Ϊһ
ʼ˼ҪҪԼһͷײУҴĿ
룬 Ĭط㡣Ͼʹˣͦõġ
С̫ˣҲŽع ԭϡ
򸾵죬 ȻΪóϮλ ԼŮӣ˺
ò˵ ڳаŮװҳ٣ Ů˺ýܶˡ
Ȼ˶Դ˲ ´Ȩգ Ĭ˳ӵΪ ҲĬĬҪҴӵĻ
Ҳ֪֪Ȼµֻ࣬ҴװͿҽҴԼ
Ҳʹǰ޶ ճԼĳӡ˳֪ܡ
ЩͿģ ˺˵ˣ ɳڴǰľϢУºͻʺ˼İҲû˸óȻǡ
Ҳ֪ԼǣС̫һ·⡣˳ƻصС
һ˵½ѵȺãҪ鹦ΡС̫С֣أԹԸȥ鷿ѧ
С̫꣬꿪ʼ½ѧÿҪʱĿγ̣Ҳûмڡ
𨿴Ŷ뿪ıӰ̲ס̾˵ÿŶҺҲѧˡ
ʺҵΧ̳˳ǡ
ڸ̾һ󣬱׼ȥлˡ
ʱ㣬лӦڴ񡣳𨵽¶ʱԶԶﴫСӵĿ
߽ȥֻл£һСŮһֻëëڵϹȥ
ŹԱߣöͷðӴСڣɣ
Ȼ˵꣬ϵСŮֹ˼ȦС
Ź
лȻлţ
лŷΣʣҿԲѧ𣿡
л̾һ͵ǲѧ㲻ʶֲһɡ
£ϵŮЦݺҲϣպ㣬㲻ͨīʫäɣ
л΢˼˵԰
˵ҿһֵäǹ£ֲҪԼдʫ
л䣺
ƿԣ᧿Σ
лͷѾʼˣüѿˡʱѿɸ̫ѧ
лֱ׳԰Ҳꡣĸ˵ʱأڹӼҲĳɼҵء
лҵףЦһվûвӵڹӼೣ굹ʵ
սŵĳ𨣺
һµ¾ƣŽż⣬׼
ڵϻȥСŮۼƼ𨣬ĸ󣡣
ٳ˹رסСȣȻڿţĸ㱳͵͵Զˣ
̾˫֣޹˵ûа
лŽŽɣֺܿʵĸǳȥΪʲôң
һԵл㱻ЦǿΪҪϿΡ
лŸ˵ӿΣлŹȥܴ˴
лʦ½лŵʦɡҪʩ̣лԸƤ鹢ֱʦ̲ѹס
Сס˵ĺ󲱾ڿ£Ȼͷɥطˣվûǰѧõĵ·
л΢΢ҡͷȻ¡΢΢ͬһ˲СŮȻĴյл¡
ſڶԷߣԷ£գС˵ºŶ
лתۣЦӼѧӣ
ǲ֪˽¸ŮЩʲô
Ҳ֪Ҹ׵ɣ֪Ӽûνѧȡ
΢飬һҪ
лĿȤҪ
𨲻ˣۣ˼䲻ѧӵ𣿡
лþգЦӲѧᣬѧӣ
˲¶ЦݣͬͷҾñ˵öԣ
л̲סЦ˳һЦ˿־岻ĵ֮˲ڡ
ȥȨλı仯Ҳˡ
лǻѾãأϵʶǴǰλ̫ӡฮյǻ꣬˼ŲӾߣлֶԽҲĸԴ
лȻ̬֮߹صʱľѣǰǰλƴڻЦ
Уֻгû̫仯
ڹٳгɳ࣬ȻسģδȨԻĿȫǡǸֵĳӣ˿Ѿĸ׵ˡ
ȥ߼ֻ֣Ϊ𻨸⡣Ծɻ糯ʱ͵͵˯лȻʧЦְ
л̬Ҳʹǰһ㣬ηὫµǰ
Ҳ֪ǲΪ̬Եʣʮȥò˳ʱû̫仯
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