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СԽ˶ǰ˸Ϊͽ
Сʮοʦ֮鵻棺ɽڣڿ֦ɢҶˣһὫͽɲŵģ
ϣתͷԼ߸ߴİͽЦеʣͽˣգ
ͽʦۣκκ١
̽ܣʱգԵˡ
ŮСħʦ浱ͽܣϳħ·Ŀ
С˸ɰʦÿյȰЦݵҸ
psлߣԭwb@

ݱǩ ϲԩ Խʱ  
ؼ֣ǣС㣬κ  ǣ  
һ仰飺ÿնȰͽħ
⣺Ѽ

Ʒ
ŮСټʮ񡣱󣬱ϵӴ˿ɹƭ֮·ֱɽһΪµĵӣ̳˲ķڡʦ˵ܸ֪ıԼˣصǰıһʮħͷˡƪķڶгĬܹϸᣬߵķչΪ㣬ֵһ


1 
Ǵ°Ϊسǣ˵ʢɣϣһֲ̼ϡ
س·ȴžһƬʳҰ
£ҼŻգƼҲŰ壬ֻмͽ޷£ήҵشš
þĽ˼žʳʹʧжҹ֮С
ĸҪŮһͺëϹ
һĽֵϣɵشһȽյŰ塣
ЩźƺӰζȴʼղ˳ۻζ
⼸ż÷ҪЩˮȣҲǴҰЩﻹŹ˵Ŀ־塣
һݵʦã㲻˵Щ׷ôһ㣬ˮһ룡
Ϊˮδ˻Ƶ϶˥΢ֲ̡
ĻЩŮҲɥ˵ϣǰһ
ʱվԵİժ¶ñ¶һͷںڵβһ˫鶯ۡ۽ǻһκ룬ȥƤúܡ
ŶǸˣֻǶϸݵԵ˫ڰ׷۶ӵĴԭ͸ƤҲ΢΢Գ˲ɫ
ʦǰ˵Ļٹȶ֮ȳԶˣֻ׹ǣ衣ٹգѾ˼˵ĻˣǾýŲԽ飬һɳ֮С
ôĹһڵϾȷȥɣǶ·ԣ
С϶ص˵ͷôܣɽһɾ˵ΪٳԼپͶ
䣬СĶͻȻһ󷭽ĳ֮ζ͸ǻˡ
λͬͶζĿ⣬Сƾƭ͵ĵУ̹Ȼ΢Ц𣿴˶ǳ֮ңֻм֮ң
ڵϵһʮĺӳس˳ǣתͷſڴСűߵֻϹҿûĵУʵڲУһϹ˳԰ɣ
ԣŴСס˸ԼϹǴ΢΢Բ˴ۣң
ϹӶͷҲֻŴ׺ݵ幷Ƥ۴޾ɱ
ۿͬŲٸ꣬ҪڧǸڴԵŮȴ·һԵĸʾȻϲѽзˣǿ
˹˲ö죬Χ£ȥһԭĸʾ
ʾ˵еĲϳ˹аϳĲũڷȥҹĲ۶ⶾ֡ةʿϳҹƽ
һŴ˵аȻŷӣΪɽڵĴˣħȴǷ֮¡
Ǹʾͽƣ£ڴ˺úóԺȸˡ
ǴСȴ¶ǣٳٲϽӻ
ǸҪɱĴߣʱζ̽ͷС㣺С㣬㡭òǺ£ҽ°ɣ
Сûнӻֻһ˫ڰ׷Ĵ۶Ǹʾ
һԵĸ߸Ů򿪿ڶԼߵʦ֣ɶʦȻŲãʦǰյΪɽڴ֮ˣǶҪ׷
˶ʦýľĻסڣٳԳ
ﲢԼʦĵӣû뵽ʦǰȴͻȻ˴ССƭŵӣ¼ؾķؼ֮λһ
ֻװǻƵĵУѾʾ˵ѹӦаɣ
ҲԣСŽ֮λãʲôǸӣнħı£
ɾʱСгؽ˸ʾкߣȥóԶٱ˵
ߴʲô£Ȼҽ£
ֻҪɱ⣬СһܺɫԴʦֵҲֻ΢ЦҲУλͣȻˣΪβܽҸʾ
ôڻǰ죬ȥϳҹһʱ䣬ةҪʿһٱ˵ɣ
ļҲе
˵ôҲǰʦ͡ʦǰΪͬŵ֮ͬȻǼ䣺ֻҪԼֵĽķʳ̾ҪΪҽ
ʦ˵ˣԷֻɽԵķʳ
ʲôʱܽ⿪˼һδʾǰˡ
ɽϣɽ
ɽϵ޹֮󣬼˲òѭʦУɽԵ˳ĥƽ֮
ϧ;ûʲô£ʲô޹
ЩؤΪʦĽ
⼸ҲǿҰɽż尾ġ
ãة˿⼸λԳɽڵĸʿЩ´һȻ󿪿ڵãؤҲַˡɶһҲȺҪǿҪƭƭȣǳ߰ɣ£ýӡ
СͷһͬţţͷȷǸؤ࣬ѹةûнǷ
ۿż۴غǳȥССǸԸ㣬¶һ֣
㱻ǵŭˣҲ˽ֳֻԼ°һǣҧָڲƬϻŤķȻһӣΪһ⣬Ƭɻңա
δĻҽȻ۳ΣΪһֻӥĳϵةȥɴñ˷֮ϡ
ʲ֮䣬˾Ŀɿڴ
Ҳһ°͡
ةֻ֮һϲƹŴС㹰ֵλɹã¹飬Ȼûܿλͨʧʧλģϳаһᱻλɾ
ǿδأ
һɻûүķУͻȻˮ
СתͷһȴǰһֻſһȺŰ翣ʱ˵ꡣ
Ϊ׵Ǹ޳ģӣĶͷŤӡǡ
ʮ˶ͷϵ߳ȡ
ȺƮƮ֮֮䣬Ь׼մһʮ㡣
ȿǶͷӡǣľ̲סЩˡĪǾڵĵӣ
һ۷ڵǼؤү俪ڵ˾µӣʦǰ˴ħ
˻һǵɫΪ֮һ䡣
ڴͷòڿɽʦ𡪡
֮ˣ˭ûڿ֮
λӢŵͶħͷκ£нκа߻ħ֮ʱȻɱʦ֤ͬʱħͷκٽΪǡ
ԼѾԪӤ֮ɽٷֻм֮ң
һִľڸڶ̳µ
û뵽ССؾȻһôڣЩš
ةЩʶ֪ڵͷɽڵӡӥñǰة⼸ڵʲôı¡
СΪ࣬ڱʦǰֻоɹƭСӣһһϲͨ
ͷ󣬿ɴСةһʶ֮ԣһͷǡЩҪ£
ӣžڵĵǱǸ¶󵽣Ĳ£ɽڳλȥҲ°ɣ
ڵĵȴ̲סȻЦˡ
Ϊ׵ĵӽǰŮ̲סȻҸҾȣЦΪǸһֲµģ
ԵҲƲЦǵʦʦͬأʲôƨڣһķޣȻҲɽˣȻɽϣ湻۵ģǻǳ뿪ɣҪң


2 
⳰ʦĻ̫̱ˣ
ڵļλӶҲסˡҪۡ
ʱһλͷߵĽ˳ʳָָֻûŷϵӥϮȥ
һУӥʧֻһŻƷֽƮƮ¡
ʱةԼĹñö˶˵شԼͷƴûб߹
ߣʲôɽڣЩƭˣѵǴ֮ãһջһ߱˵
֮ᵤΪϳˡ罣Ҫߵ츳ͻԵ
г֮ɲƵҩһ࣬żԵҲһ졣
һǿǺڵȻŻڣȴѵĴ֮á
䣬湬ŷĴܵмû޳
һССڣȴᱡڴ򷢾ڵĵӣ˾ûĵˡ
СԭЩڱ赽ңҲԭԼ̳еţЩŴǰЬ䡣
ҲգԷʦţҲֻգһ˫鶯ĴۣĬĬǼһۡ
ۿ˫ֲ£ةæԲλأʵǰ֮Ҫλ˭ܽ˲ϳа£ٶͣΣ
ڵĴӽЦ"ҵȳħֻʦ֮ΪͶֻǵĸʾ̫Ϊý֦ĪҪȥȫҾڴ˲ʶȤĪûѳ˵ǰͷħɱûô̹ˣ"
˵ȻǸǼڵġ
ةƿԣЩ²ֱ̨Щ޵ѹò˵תֿɽڵǼλ
Сûоڵĸ߷ڣ̵ҲҪħһΪ񡭡ǿϹǼٱĻͬŲм
ʦߵ仹û⿪нɽɽҲòãԻǸϽЩʵݡ
ةһ⻰̨ףʱüЦЩڵͨǱǸʲӵĽҪɰЩ
Ϊ׵һЩ̫̣ܽҲٷϻһת˷ȥ
Ҳǽڵ̫ʢǾʱϷ·ɨ磬Ȼ°ڼ仧׷ײԾ˼
Сȴһ۾Щڵеһ
ʦ㽭ľҲ˳ȥλŰڷ磬խĸߴӡ
λѩڷڵ߹ʱ˲ĽüĿ
ǿ꣡ҲѹִСС̲סſ
ڵӵĶͷֳͼͬǸӵĶͷһƬӦǸŵĵӣûʲôΪء
ľʲ̰ɫ࣬ҲСʦһĿλȥδá
˶ڼ˼信ţһˡ
ڵЩȥСǱƤȳһٱ˵
һ̫үӦУõķóԵĵһڵķˡ
Եһʱƺ˹ֻͣһ̴ة£һ·˵Цĵ˽
λүݲͣةҲǵͷ
˲ĳ˵λүսѵ£ǱĲ̣ԲĲϳɣֶĲҵ֮⣬ׯҲ˲١
ǸаħĲϳȻҲġ
Ϊϳ£Ӱ󣬳˸ز̲ջĲׯҲΪ̡
ѵ²ģةħĸǷб¡
һȣԽСλ˺
λ˶һۣȻʦ˵ĿȴƮŷϵŮӣĿⶢ˴Сϡ
˶һ
Ȼֻͨѣֱ֫ڷԣ۽һκ룬ʵ۾һ
㲻ʩ죬ҲܿŮò崿յˮܽءܻ췢٣ǰ֫Ҳһ顭
ſţѵµĿЩζ
ѵ¶ʱСҲûлرܣֻӣ΢ؽŷ
Ů֮۲öɵЦλ׳ƾżɫҲܺˡ
ڴ֮սĲ̲δظة뿪
СƺҲλòˣȻÿѾˣȴ̽½ѵµ
ȼ̧ͷʱСѾŴ룬ſڣһ߳һ߸ŷġ
ԭͺСЩӵĵ룬Ե֮ģ㣬׼˵֮ģû˵䣬ŷѾʼСˡ
ŷ˵ǳµĲϳҲûʲô״ֻǰиҹĲϹͻȻʧΪ̰棬͵͵ܳȥƵˡ
ɴպ󣬻˻
ǸɨԺӵ̧ͷŷԺķϲŰ׻һŶ
壬ŵû˹ȥԭǷϲ˶ġϼ롱һŲҰ׵Ӽ˿ԼԼ͸˳
ǱƽȥǰʧٵĲϹֻʱƺʲôħɣֻʣ¸ƤǣһѪҺûˡ
ʱýӵȥפأٲһͬҹİ﹤ڷϣҲͬǰĲϹһ״Ҳ̶ãֻһӳú󻹸ˡ
ӣ϶ɾϢֶߡ˲ϳ⣬سµĵ̷׷׹š
ͷİֻԼΧۻƷ۱а֣ȻҼһŲֻȹٱ˲ϳֻ
Сɽķ緶һֱ΢Цŷ˵꣬ڼҲ֪ʲôˮ̵ŷҪһҶӡ
ߺһ㣬ǵﶼɹƭռˣŷŹǱӼˣ
ȵСʲʲôһ׷ص϶λµ̫֣ǴԼӲ٣Ǿͳɡ
߿оɹƭϰɴ۵㵱ǸһǸоƭӣȻӦ˱˵ķʳҲ
ڶʦ㽭ľСʦܰ㣬ҲԼͬ΢΢˵ͷ
ģӡ
ǼΪڴеө֮⣬ȴܲʦŵ塣
С㿴˿ǣ΢΢죬˼һµãȻô֣ôһ԰ɡ
˵꣬ӻͳһ˷ľ飬ĥĥǹѧѧھҳ濴
ⱾǷڿɽǰСǱؼ
˶ⱾؼȤ
ȻʦⱾɽϵķֻиˡ
ɼǵʦŵʱ򣬷׷׵ʦƫһ顣
صģɽŴǳ⣬˿ɽɣʦκٵ̡
Ҳ֮ͽͽԼķṦΰʦǰٶؼͷԷڵһ©̰ݶһ
֮Ϊ˼˵ˣʦڸˡȫˡ
ʵô˵ҲԡνֻǷŴַ֮˹塣
ͬһŷʲͬеЧãȫͬġ
ڼ߿С޸ŮӣʦԻµҲֽһ;


3 
ԴСҲʱţûʲôã
ʦó극󣬲ûһùȥ˸ڵĿͷϢ
ȳ˷ã̱ԹʦӢһΪƫƫշ˺ͿڸŵŮƭӣ
ǸʦɽȴһԳѵĸŮеķҪŮʦѾߣʵȴһͼҪ˯ţ͵ǵӡ
ˣǸϵƭ񶾣ۿʦŴβܵóѣӵͼڲˮ¶ҩҪʦͽˡŮƭδ͵͵˲ˮ
ʦʶ֮ƷˣȴԼǮƸƭӣС㣬ŮƭӼҪܣӼ߰ߣʦ
ʦҪȻˣлŮ߻⡣ʦȴ֮λŮС˰˼ˡ
ÿŮСʦ֮ʦ죬ѻӣߵͲһ
ҹЩãŮƭ֪֮λʲôèʤεġҪŵʹ˲ǲŽ˳죡
ʦ㽭ľǸùСȥһյ͵ƣʱϦ£߻谵
ʦãҲ̫ģ³
С̧ͷŶһƵĶʦ㣬΢΢һЦͻȻʵλڵĿ󣬳ʲôģ
ľһ½ӿڵλײβ˵ԼޣɽٷҲֻĹڳʲôһû
ȻԼʦλһͬʦϿ˵Ҳʦ塣
Դɱʦ֤ɱħʦκٺħͷµĵǴ󲿷ֶǰ̣ˡ
Сͷ˼Щڵͷ϶к֪ǰ˸߸ǽںεݣ
ľ͵Ʋڵ ӡǽΪ֣֮а˸ֻнڿɽˡ
СȻͷʣʱҹɫŨĵĶ˲ûע⵽ڻ谵ķϣ֪ʲôʱ˼ֻϣ䶯ڷ˿ơ
㷹󣬾͸øĶˣ
õʱڵļ׼һ۵λؽĲϳ
·Ĳۻ˵ϳаԣⷽԲССĲϳԭض׼ҵģϧ׼޺󣬽Ӷˡʱ˵ǼרžӪ˿еɱ̫࣬㿴Ӫϳֳ˰ɣΪԵʣ
Сܰ죬ҲŷڲϳССʣµʣһ˵׼һλٷʵУϧƺظץ˾
ؿλɹõǷأ˽ôͨ˵ðλ˵ģǱصһġ
Сһ˾ͷɴ۾Ȼ£
һ¾;ˣѹŪһˣ֪˵׼Ǹ˾Ȼ˽ͨڵĹⶼǰ׼ҵġϣǲﵱʱ˲ɹˮ̲ݣҲ֪ô˻ζѬ춼ûɢȥҲ֪ôĻ𰡣ˣŻĵطɲԶ׼ҵ˵ǲﲢʬ壬Ҳ֪Ǽ١
ôгĹǱ㵽˲ϳ
ϳŽգԺΧһɣڰʵӳԵЩԡ
ƿ˷ĴʱһӷӿɶꡣΪ˴ЩӼѾ˶ӣǼŵЩɶſˡ
ʦ㽭ľΪŮӣЩɳУ̲סг
ѸٳһŷģĬĬʣܿ˫ƻ𣬽Щɶȼմ
С̲ס̾ʦ֣Ȼ𣡡
⻰ǵ⡣ʦܰŪ˵۷ͬʦãѾ컯еˮ֮ɲǺŪ˵ıأ
΢΢ļӼС΢΢ۣղһƬĻƺʲô
ɵСʱ˷׷ױʾûп߶£ͲҪҪǹŪ飬˵Щ˵Ļ
˵꣬Ⱦٲ˽ȥ
û߼ֶ߱ס˽ŲΪǰĵ·ƬĲ˿ϣ²ȥš
ʱѹȰȻװǲ֪ԼＸ
ڵתͷһԭǾȺƮƮĵˡ
ʱɰƮƮڵҹȴɢŵ׹⡪Ǵӵɢ⣬ǿԵϮ
ΪʵۣͷֻߵĩӣȥڹҲܳΪŵ̳
СںĵѰһٴοǸͷӡĵӣΣ߶λŮӣһ¾װǸŮޡ
Ϊ׵ǸڴӽĿбӣôķڣӻͳ̣˳תѸٴܡȻԸ˴Ȼħأȴ񣬿ЩҳħҪСЩĪҪڵġǶɡ
˵֮󣬽ڵǱɰ׷ɢ
Ϸ⻤ܣӶ齣ЩƵĲ˿ҪЩϳԺڡ
ߺܲڵӵŪ
ڷ⼸ʦ߹ǿҲѹεҪϳĳЩ
ϧϳԵ̫ô΢΢һȻЩղסƨԺը𡭡
ʦúĬͬʱɢôһ̣ι̵ͬ΢΢ҡʦʱƲϵ
ڼǺεʱ򣬾ڵѾͨƮҡ鶯ýԺӸƵİ˿롣
СΪûµģֻһԸɿšǿſţüͷ΢΢һ壬ЩսĪҪٿˣ
ϧĻȻأЩڵĸӵڡ
иӣǸͷһƬĿӣڴС󲻾ãҲͻȻͣ
ڵӵĻͦзģЩǶ׷סˡ
ɵͣҪջе齣ʱȴͻȻ֣ԼĽϸϸ˿Щ˿Ũڵҹ⣬·㣬ͣ
ЩѾսɵ齣ջʱճķ˿߾ȻҲһ뵽ǼͻȻɴ۾Ƥ·ʧȥˮֵ㣬Ѹٸɿ
ĵһ׷׿ٳ齣ȥЩ˾˿ߣκȴԽԽ࣬ܿ齣˿ܲƣ·ϼһ㡣
ܿ죬ǵҲ˿ʸϣҲ׷׳˾ļ
ǸͷĽڵӣͻȻ֣ĴЩӵϮȥ
ЩʱǷ·йף۾һԵءסǵ˿ƺΪܲҲ׷ɽ⿪
һǸΪ׵ĴӿЩ׷׵صĵӣɵʹʦǷϵǵĽΪ
ǸͷĽӵû뵽ħ֮˵ΪѾǲסǵΪǵԱ棬ħ͸ԶԸˡȥԺ󣬸ǷùֲĿվˡ
ǿδأַӣпܻǵΪɵҩԺҲԴﵽԪӤ֮ˣһԿ÷ۿ˾Ȼͬųô̳Գ
ǸԣͶĿ⣬俴żߣĿ룬Ȼüδ֮ﾡǶߡ
ǸΪ׵ĴƺƷͬţͻȻ齣Ҫѵļߡ
ɾʱСȴǰˣħѾˡ


4 
ĻĿȥȴûԺƵ˿￴ʲô쳣
ǴСȴͻȻתĴţܣҪƼˣ
ͬʱǴȴ·˿߲һ㣬ͻȻԶպϡ
ţϳլͻȻ˺˺죬ƺʲôѿ
̴ʮ־񣬷ڵļ׷Ѱˮסһڵ֮
ľСʦܰ㣬öڶĲ֮󣬵סΣȥѰ˼СʱȴִС㾹ȻǸڵӵ
С㰡ѵΪڵӻάȫ˶ԼͬŶֺһֻ»˵ƣ
ǸĽڵԵŮƺҲû뵽СȻͻȻ󣬲ɵϸüֱСƿ
ǴСʱȴͻȻʵϱûУ
ǿӺߵŮӶһƺûϵôŮлӾȻܺɵĿ
С΢΢һЦǹͷӵͷڸǵݸ಻̫£аӡǵģƺֻоڵˡ
ǿߴӣ俴СݸࣿõĿ֮Ϊ֮ˣҲơ㾿ôģ
Сɴ𲻳ˡ
ڰʱһ֮۾ڳˣ͸֮ܡ
ֻǰ켣оʱⱾ´常鿴˭Ǯֵķ
ſСһ۾ͿӶͷڵİŤӡǡ
ʦ㽭ľ˵ЩߴǽڵΪԽ࣬Ϊ
ӵаߣ˵ΪѾѷˣ˽٣ֻһˡ
С㵱ʱҪùģΪϳǽ
쵱ﾹȻٴ˴ֻΪССةĲϳаħ£
ɴ˿ɼصĳԱ˳ŵģŵˮѰʵġ
߶˵ˣΪɽڵ壬ܰ׳˵իȻˣСҲֻˡ
СֿһʱƺЩͬﲻͬ˵
룬С㿴Ų˿ǸֲĴ룬һϱĶ֪϶ƤѿʱȻ϶ѱħƤأǲܾǣҲܴħΡ
ôһ˵ʱ˼
ħƺħǿ󣬾ڳʰҲҪ
С벻ֻƻƤʱſѰ
뵽⣬ԾȥСϽˣһˮ׵ĺ档
λζͥԺʱ˿߷
֪ܴ߶ֻ˻ָһһ֦ͬʱ˦Щ˿ߡ
ʱŪԼı£ͳҪȼЩϸ˿С뷨ʱ̳ס֣ĪҪ𣡡
ϧôʱҲЩˣѾ߶˻ֽóĿ࣬Ų˿ӿȥ
ڵķŲǶƭ޶ĵ˵÷߷ˮ֮׾ٵ顣
Լߴ߶Щ˿ʱ򣬻̰ͬĲ˿գֻЩ˿ûбնϣ˲仯ΪǧߡƵ˼ߵϡ
ľͰ㿴ʦֱ߲ƣæ˹ȥ׼ʩȡЩ˿߾㲻ŻҲ˵Ѫѹû
ۿŴʦ𺣣ϵ·ˣľ˲ԼֱҪȥЩߡ
ʱСȴˮ׺ͷߺȣһ£
һ˵ͳһֽӵһԵˮˮư˽ҨһưˮѸٽˮŻ۵۴еļߡ
ˮմȾ˿֮֮˼ϵĴ𣬶Щ˿Ҳή˻ȥ
߲һͱˣϻۣҲһɡ
ֻڼû뵽СȻֻưˮܻħ˿
·˿ߣʱҲͷʵˮʲô
СҨһưˮ˼λͬŵϣȻŻصˮҶгɵķۡ
ԭСǰڳԷʱŷ˰죬ϸ˲ϳаħ¡
ЩҹҲǸ˶֣лиŷıףԭҲǸĲҹһҹһ
˵ʱӷͻȻǧ˿ڼϣƵλ׵ϵĲ˿ȴԽԽ٣˱ʱֻǸ˲˿˳
ҲǱŻˣǸ׻֮ͻ˷βտԲֹۿҲҪ;ƿˡ
ɾݿԣλɸаħϵΪƽˮ̴Ӳ֣ݶѬýƣβˡ
˵ģСħӦòͻģλ̹ס
ͻ룬ĥǲħﲻϲζ
ŷһˮҶӡĥã˻У֮ǰõȼҶѬԼ·
ԺʱЩ˿ϮڵˣȴһֱûгŴСķ֤뷨
һԣˣ˴ʦּߵ
ĽͣڵļԼλСʦǰþΪΡ
˻ãЩĨĶŮƭӵһлŲ졣
ûںıŤħηζĽڵӷ׷߹ȥҪСˮưԼϽˮ
Сȴһˮư⼸ӣþڣһħȴѧȥԵжİ
ＥڣʦʱǸзݣСһֱμġ
˵⣬Сֿ˿ǹ˵Цʣ˵ǲ
û˵ֻȻԼǼĵӣƳ˴СһۣĿ΢΢ĳԾ𣬳ŲϳϮȥ
Եλò쳣Ůӣһֱû˵СʱҲصһС㣬ƺЩ΢⡣
´Сעȴ˷ǰϡ
ΪڵĿɽ֮棬ΪԶЩǡ۶ȥʱϷһˮס
Щħ˿ȻҪסˮʱȴѸٶɱ˪ֻһӣ㽫Щħ˿顣
һ֣üڵӴ𺳡
˶֪ףɱԼħʦ𣬸ħͷΪ˵ħͷκϰħĴ󷨡ϰ֮Ҫſɳ
κٴ󲿷ֹͬʱԴĽ֮ܺõػĴ󷨵ķɡ
ϸ˵ΪдħһԼҲܿ˻ħ˿Եʰɡ
ݲ˶룬Ѿ˲ϳħ˿ڲҵ¹£Ϸ¶һֻ˶ĺӼ
Ӽ䶯Ǵֲڵı΢΢ѿһ϶СԤϵģħ濪ʼƤˡ
΢΢۾ǸڵŮЩŵҪ֪ħ˿ƣôһ֪Ѿƿڼأ


5 
ʱССʦְӳǰһͰˮ
ˮǼӼϣҲֹħС
֪ħħԹ죬СķãҲǱСǰ佣ڵӵĻˣûȥˮٴֻûϣ׼пӼ
ΣӼʱһֱļӼȴһֻڵħצ˿η彣âһסͬʱӼӼٴηӿħ˿ߵס
ΣˮȫȻãܿͱûϸܵĲ˿С
С⡭
벻ħﵱƻǰħ˿ħʾյ֮ơ
ߵܶꤣҪһħƿǺӦҲҪһ¿տյĶǳ
ֻһķѪѾθڣȴٺòĲƷ
Źʾϼ֮󣬲ͻȻѣҪһ
龰æһͰˮֱֱ˹ȥ
ħʱѾӼӼ̽ͷ¶һ˷ˣƳǳĹˮãǹȴҲֹĶ
Ϊ̫˫Ҳħ˿סˤڵأħ
ŵУĻֽҪǮƵóӥȸ裬ȴ޷
ȥСʦܣκԼˣ΢һʹ̣ʦ㽭ľʱѾŵԶЩ֪Ǻá
ǧһ֮ʣСԼ¶õĻƲֽٳһţҧԼָһŻֽϻһֱԼϹĺϣֵһϹҧסȻԸ飬Ǵϣ
ʦ˵ѪЩ⣬ѪԸѧһҹķģټѪӳ֣ʤڴһ٣
ҲΣͷͨϹ˷ͻȻǣſݺݵسſҪǵħȥ
ħľȫϣϹĶ̫Ѹ٣⧲Уһǯס˺ͬʱǷҲñħƤϡ
Ϲ鿴ȥ˷ܣҧţȻħϣƴζβ͡
ħıҲЩ룬תͷȥĥҧĹһЩŭҪȥϹ
ħ䣬ƵȴͻȻһƺ;ƿݣȻߴ˲仯Ϊ·𱻳һ㣬ƾʧˡ
Щ˹׼ʦĽڵӷ׷׸ߺʦ𣡡
ʱͻȻ磬һӰŲ·콵oȻǷƾʧ
ʦ㽭ľٴαķ۷һԻȻŵȻֻûļ̫ˣ
СҲȻ򣬹ֲſЩ֮Уԭ壬ǻóļ塭
ǽ𵤽ɵĴܲŻʹõļҪǿ֧ţͬʱҲҪͬǿٿء
ħȻթκ˶֣ƵĲǸˣ
ͻȻֵҲһʯɽ䣬ݺ򼴽ǵħ
Сԭƻˮħֹ룬Ȼٽ׽ħ
ۿʹɱ֣顭
ģǰľɽѾħɫĲϼҲ֮ѿ
С̫ãע⵽ŵǰѽĽϵһʢľ֪ǲԵʣȥǺɫɭɭɫ
Ͼϸ룬æֵתĿͶǵصħ
ΪȫƤħֻһ룬°벿ǳΣΪܲסĽǳѣҽŴӼӼųڵأһϢ
ѹǴħֻɽĳҺ첽ǰصĳҺҵһ֦顣
İĹ⣬ɱʱת۵Ĺúɫ
ĿŭɫСʵõʲôô
СܻϹ飬ϽԼѪڵѰŵаȻҰ㣬Ҳ̫
Ȼ˵Ƿ˵һ㶼
Ĵӽߵʦǧǰħȴħ飬õ
С㱻ڵĵЦˣֻѰаħʦýġ˵ŪģҲ̫߿ˡ᲻ʦĽûɾԵʣ
ƺϸǰƽٽûؽʣһײɽƺãݸߵĺŮӡ
Ȼüֿ˿Ƿ۵ħ󣬽ħ뵽Լ´С
̧۵СõǷ
ǷɰɣѪΪ
СָѪһ£ͻȻɫ䣬ҪλŮӵķ֣ҪС㣬סӣͻȻʵΪΣ
СЦһ£۽ǵǿø޺졣ͻȻ߹Ҫ˵Щ强
ֻСصҵظ¡ƨ£
ûƢСͻȻԻ
类µѾδڱˡ
ҭ΢΢ſﵭѪɫƶû´ĻǺȫ񡭡ˣ˸ĸԵǳӦǸŮɣ
δСϳŪļЦȫɢ
Ϊ˵ûԶ֮ˣȫҡͷ
Ÿӣԭһ㸻С˼ҡĸʶĶ֣˷ֻ̣һҲڡ
ĸ׸еʱ򣬸⣬ھ̻ؼҵ·ϡ
ĸ󣬼ҵ˥䣬Ϊ̣տ䵱˽
ĸ׵첡һ;ƿݡ
һֱľ˾˸ĸ˸ʿ˵С̫Ӳټʮ֮
νʮˡ˸ĸ㣬ɷӡŮԵ˲·ʱˡ
ʮ˵ŮڼѣǿŮҲһ¿
ʱ˾⻰ŵûɢٿ׵ŮС翴ޡ
ľ˾˾ȻȰ˴СԶӵļۣСȥѾߡ
С㵱ʱףײ֣ĸһᣬһ˼ʣһͷĽƳȥ
׵С㱻ʱ򣬻Ǳͷ⣬ֻƽϲС̹ˡ
ӲģƴС㻤ýġ
һһسǵһ˼
ҲС̫˥ǼҸûյҹ˻լһҵСҲôֱȥ
㱻ҤҺһϵδС㡣ǸʱʧȥΨһŮСʱøԼŮ̫񣬱˼֮ģ͵͵·ʹ
Ӵ˴С˿ɹƭ֮·ֱ࣬ɽһ
񣬴СѾŮһֱСҲһĺϹ
ֻĵ׵ǵ˰̣ƺû½衣
֪ΪΣͻȻ³˴СԸݵء


6 
ΪðСϳŵЦⲻڣֻǶȻħ壬£Աɡ
˵꣬ҲܾλܵɫֱߵɫŧҺ΢΢Ϣħǰÿħҵĳ
ħƺ֮ʣħɢ࣬ͷɱ䣬ȥǸŮӡ
΢΢̧ͷʱ ܿ϶ǻƵľ˺ۡ
С㿴˿ƣ֪޻֮
ѵԼѬȾζףֻ˿ɵСаһˮ׵ˮϴϵˮԼϵζ󣬲µħǰ£ڲãĶ̫ᣬΨоھô죬һ̣ĵ׵ķǣƽ  
˵꣬ͳһƬķŮӵĶͷϣȻĬ˿ھ
Ůǽɱɢγѣ¶޾㱡
ʹǱѵݺģûвظ
ӽľȫסˡ
Ϊ˴СڳԷʱŷгЩҳ
Ҫ˵׼ҵϱҪ˵λѵ¡˵ԭϴ󻧰׼ҵĶӡ
˵ǶӣʵǼӣŹѸ׸ļޣ˰׼ҵģڱĻؽǰȷаѵ¡
ϧ׼µĶӲȻ»֮󲻾ã徣ֻ¸еӡ
˵ǻеϱ㣬λСüȥǸڵĹѪҲЩ·
±ײ֮󣬰׼үȻǶϱ汻ڲҲͲ֮ˡ
үӣȴͻȻ˼御
λѵ£Ͱ̸⣬°˵Ķĸ׵ˣͽ׼ܿˡ
ȼ̸һԼڹٸö֮ĴӰ׼ҷ˳ȥĻԭգŻ
׼Ҿʣһտǣòˡҵȴ¡Ϊ׸
ԭħﾹȻǴ˵бİ׼ϱ
С̽ʣ㵱ʱûбӳȥ˰ɣΪλħɱˣ
׼ϱʹഭϢǰĿξŮƺҲƽ˲٣ҡҺˣʲôֻ֪и´ߵ˾ң˵ָϵˣһŵҩ֮顭ҡҶǵˡ
˵⻰ŮѾ棬Ŀ⾪ɵزţҡɱˡһΪǶΡġ
Ҳ˳ħ˵Ƕμ䣬˼ȵʹС
С֪֮ǰħ̫ԭʶӦȫɡٿ쾡ǻָЩԡ
ĻŮӵĶͷˣú˯ɣЩµħ㣬Ըа֮ˣһá
Ů⻰ȴ棺ҺúޣҺް
Ůħ̫ֱĽˣʱضģʹ
СЩȻȴʦһƽ
ǻܿ뵽ŮӵĶͷҲչüͷϲʹ࣬۾
ֻһ̣۽Ȼᣬƺ㲻ʡ
ûߣһֱվڴСֱħһ󣬲ŵôʶħ
Сʱվϵӣ´ãһ˵֮ǰŲϳǰ˵ĶϱڷˮҶĲζŨңնɢµĲ񷿣ϳԶħǡʮζ˼ֲ롣ʦ˵аħ֮ŭа£ħһ֮Ҿ룬ϳԵ޹ðħ᲻Ǹʧٵİ׼Ҷϱйء֮ԣˡ
ʱףΪδСһֱŲɱħ
ΪԼˡѲСΪħ֮˻оȣ
뵽⣬ڵѾɱ¾ʮ⣬ħ֮ģҪħɡ 
С㵭ڷͬӦħ֮ҲͬԼķڱá
˵⻰ʱĿ⻹Ѿպ۾Ůϡ
δʬ壬ԼŮӾȻӻ˳ֻʱУѬǣԼǺ
벻νĵҩʵǿű˵ħɡʲôƭһլŮħ飬飬ħȻħ
ⱳıǲС
뵽⣬ͻȻʵһԶ׳Ϊȴ˴ħ
˼εȻ˴С֮⡣òǻýڵøŮħɣ
뵽⣬õšüͷ
ⳡħǰԼǲ֪·ҰѾͷġ
˭˲֪Ϊ¸ߣȺ
СڵŮ˼ϸ壬ȴܾһǸ
µʱ򣬵Ը˽һħǶǰħͷκ󣬷ھ¹ɽһʯڵġϧڲǰʯѣڵħ˼䡣ҲħͷΪʦԾµѰʱѰһħټ
ʦ𣬾ڶǰѪȷħκ١
κ٣ҧг֮࣬Ҳϧ
˵ţܵʵģ̫ϡ
ϾԵʦκٵΪţҵġ
ƾһ֮Ϊģ߰䣬Ӧֻκһλɡ
κ٣ţССͣһ˶ƻ߶ֿȭɱ˫ͷƻ
߶Ϊ˱ܼ尾ȴҲʹתѹ߶֮ӴᵤԳһҡ
ҲΪ߶ĥϱѪκ䣬ֵǹƥ뵱ʱµһĽƸǸԽ˳¾Ƹ½ڡ
ʮκٹսħ֮·ҲнԶж£ɱǿߣǰ˸ҳļƣ
κħʱѾ߶裬Ϊ˰ߣƤƬƬۣĿҲб
ƸҶ踺أڳ˵ΪͽӴݷ£Ż
ڳκÿʮתɣԪĻᣬ͵Ϯ֣κٵԪ
٣ȻӮһƬ̾ôڵ£ԼҪħͷκٵݱ֮С
ħ·Сʾˡ
ԭħ龹Ȼħͷκǰɡ
ħͷȻħͷ֮ҲҪųꡣ
С㾻ŮӺ󣬸ϳĲ۽飬żȥˡ
Ϊ̫ݣԵô飬Եһ룬ںЦ֮ʱЩƤһЦʱ˶Ź˵ķϣڻ㱼䣬ضЦա
һֱ ȴֳһĮȻ֮˾òýӽ
һԵǸŮɺҲĬĬŴСıӰ
ǸСС߼ȴһѵϣԺβ䴹ƺβһ㹴ˡ
ɺ̲סתͷĿҲȻͣŮӵıӰϡɺɵ΢΢ҧס˴
ɺĹǹιǹ֮ŮƼ֮
ҲħͷκٵĵӣʦһħʦͶ󿪴Ϊǹһ·˾ڡ
ȻӦΪ˫޷ޣŵĵӶĬΪİ£Ҫ飬Ȼһ
ǷС̫רעɺЩĲ


7 
ȻСƫڵĲ˼ԭҲ㲻ʲôʲôΪҲЩΪŮɫԻķӡ
뵽⣬ɺԷһ㡣
Ӳϳ󣬴ӽ㬵ЩʿʦĴƣȥʰǡ
ȴˣ鱻𣬵Ҳǲá
˵⣬Լħ´ȴѾյʧӰ١
΢΢üһǸдСŮŰԼ˵š
ѵ͵ģԼź޾죬ΪڱԶ֪
ڷɵħԣóٶ۲١
ҪǣŴСѪζʱôһ̣ɵħ֮Ȼˮ³һ㣬ֹôһ£Ҫ嵴֮С
Ȼɱʦ֤һٻɱκ٣κٵĴ󲿷ΪһԾΪ̳ǽЩκٵħԷɸΪԡ
뵽⣬̲סԼĶͷֻԼڸӡǵԵɡ
߳ϳˣʯʱ¹⣬ˮҲӳ΢΢ĵӰ
һĨڵӡ֡ǶߣѾɫתɺɫ
һȫɫҲȫ֮ħʱʶҲȫɣΪҲҪһ
ΪˣһֱڿѰӦ֮
ǰ¹ɽľʯͻȻѣеħ顰̰Ҳû뷲䣬ʼ˷ˡ
Ѱħ飬ܺõػǵʱסӿħԡϾħǴκٵħзֻֻԶ
ڷ˷˵һħ飬ʵħеġ̰
û뵽ȻһϡҲǲ϶ҹɣҶֹ̰ʣ롰̰ϣǸݷϳͬʼˡ
ħٺãҲֹʣֻʱӻħԡħѵĽ취ѰκٵĿơ
һģֻо߱Ѫ֮ˣȻԵ֮ǳزλ￴ȥѾʮ꣬ܽһôһ֮ˡ
꣬Ͷκʱͬ˵κһɷ֮ˡ
ӵ֮ˣϾת֮ǽ֮ʱſɡ
ת֮߰һ㡣˵κٱѰ£Ҫնݳɾ֮ز޿ܻκһֱҲûѰ
û뵽κԪĶ֮˾Ȼˣ
뵽⣬Ŀⲻɵ׷ǽɫСӰ
С㣿Щ˼
˵ڵļλʦþ˲ϳ꣬Ҳǿȫˡ
Ǽ˵㣬ǱյѪݡºȬҲ΢ݻЩʹ
ϵʹȣһֱСƭӸ졣
˭Ҳû뵽գȻǿŴСӻΪġ
갢Լϲŭֻһʦãֻƾ˵ļ仰Ȼóȥҿ㻭Ƿʵ˰ȻҲܽħˣ
ʦѣСæֿ˿Լڻķϣɲ뻭аɢΪŴҴһͣмʻˡ
ҳһ°ѽǡ
ʦµؼأʦǰģ࣬Ҳɡ
ֻߣʦһҲֻŶѣҲ׬ƽӵܣɽ֮屦
ʱٻϹ鷽żҧħﲱӣҪӲϴյľٶ
СףΪħͻȻʧǣһرס飬Ȼ߷ߵñѿ
ѹħᱻۣԵʡ Ҳ̫аˣ
ϵظͬǽͣһСҪôķʱȴԺϹЩ鵴ҡβöԺһֻĸ
ŴСץųβζЦӣľҲЩ
ȥʦһ˷ڡ
κԣʲߣҲ߾硣
ҲûܴﵽɽٷľأֻԶжĸš
ͿµʦȴСʱϲͬԽɰз˽һ㣬ֱŮ˷ڵ֮ˡ
ǰľʦĻܲ⣬ǽħϵһĻȴȥʦĻɡ
СҲƷһŵ飬Ȼܻʦŵ֮ɲǸԷ츳֮
ҲʦԣɽڵϣȫҪСˡ
룬ɽ˵ķǿסˡ
Ϊ˶ĳƤȫ¶ӴС콵ˡ
ЩɳǸ߷ڣӽǮȻܾͽֻķ˹ӦһĹأǸҵŮᡣ
ֻŮͬʱҵļȴü۵˵ǽаħŮأصİնð
ߺܿЩˣ˵ةĵأǹܲţ
ǼȴةдĹĵ˲֪ҪľȻǸ˷׵ŮӣѾջأ˭˲֪⸾˵ظҼүôˣˣҲҪٳң
߻Ҫ˵ǴСȴ䣺ʦ֣ĪҪˡ˵ˣҲܱ֤ǸΪ
ʵͬǸ˵ô죿ôʬҷظ𣿡
СֻҪУΪʦ֣Ҫ鷳ʹûΪŮӾлˡ
ˣҲǸ취ΪŮ
ܿ죬зڻɢװһ̳ССɹ֮С
С㽫޹ǻ˷ص֮ͨϡ
ˮӽ൱صȻЩݲŮӣôĹǻұ鲼ڷصİаɡ
˽⸾˵Ҳ죬޹֮˱ȳħЩΪ֮ˣȴԴǣİõعӣʲô
Сȴʵĺӣ²ӣȻʲô䲻ƽ֮±ȱȶǡʦ˵ɲѣѵΪ˵ʱء˶ҪΥαգҲֲ벻ȥ
ʣµļΪʦǰȷǻ˼˵ɲѣƽĶ࣬ڷ̫Դ
λ˵Ŀʲô
ܿ죬ǱСʦõĿǺ˼ˡ
һҹڼ§˯Ľѵ£Ȼ֪ݴ˵Ĵϡ
λүҲƺʧǣ֪ݴ֣ͣ
ʱ֪ݴ˺ֻҪʱ棬ǶĵĳԲ·
ѵȻڷֻ죬˯˵Ŀ֪ݴ˰
澡ʧ֪ݴ˶סģ˽ͽͥԺһٹź
ѵôͣҲǱðȹǶˡȺò׼˽̧ʱȴΪ׸ĽңҲ֪ôģһҹ֮䣬Լҽȫʧ˻ҡ
ѵ¾㵵Ŀɿڴ۾һ˹ȥȹ֮£ܲģȥİ׼Ҹǰ
æմ޵ɹʱȴ֪ǼλѾҰף֪ȥˡ˵ڰ׼Ҿɰ״ֲֽ֪ʲô˵͵ŭδ֪ݴȥˡ
ѵ¸ոջһֱץ
˵Сǣӷسʱ򣬼λͬŶڻζ۵İӡ
ϾҹҪҽĽ鱦Ҳʲôɵ顣
ʦµû뵽Ȼá
ɻңҲǺȤ顣ȻսҲ壬ǾͲҪֲ֮һҹʧˡ


8 
սģҲɢֵ֪ݴˣټǰаŮû˹ٸǮ̣ĸǵͷˣڵͬҲͣȺ򣬿³
Ȼ˶ˣһڶ
Ƿڵļλȴǰ·ãڳ˴ӷشһͱ󣬼ߴ˸ãȻȻʦµ̫ԵˣҲ֪ʲôʱܽ⿪
ڼߵıĲͿĨ˸࣬⻰תͷʴС㣺ʦãǽȥЩĳɣζʵ̫ˣ
Сëպɰ⻰Ҳǻֻʦؼͼһ˿ġ
С㻭˼ŷͬеķԱһ£ص˵ͷ׼ȷػˡ
λǷڵŵĻˮԷ֮ˮɢбɻΪ¶һ࣬Ϊˡ
ëʺ󣬱㽫ǷӵգͬʱĬ䣬ҪΪꡣ
ʦʦͬʱɴ۾뿴ͨ
κֽƮڰգֻ£ް仯
С㲻аţǻƲݲֽƮ¡
ľ̲סʧ̾ϢߴЦԭȻΪб£ڿϹèײӣ
С죬ܿɢᣬڴʦؼǷڵķԴ֮زɽʦɽصõĪԵʶʦκ٣˷ڵİ塣ԼΪӦȥɽķؿ
ȻµͬȻӣС׼ȥʰȴ´һӡ
ľȴȻǸǵħ顣
ձȫǸ۵ʯˡ
Сӹҷʵ벻ΪͻȻܵ´
ΪС常߽С㲻ƭˣԵıҲ似
ɲϡȻħԼҲв뽵ģֻ˳Ƥһѹûʲӵħ鰡
ȴ϶ǴСõģһģĲ˳ʺʦǰҪаȻã
С淴λŵĿڴܽħһ˵ģҲ֪ôܵҵĿڴġ
һͣ˵Ĳ޵͵ģѵӻԼܵ´
ôһ˵˶Ŀ¶η忴ħ顣ʯͷһͻͻĶƺûʲôӦһϣʵڲ˵ηıֵ̫á
ߵóۣΪ̰ħ飬ȻϲЩ̰ˡɵʱڳŮƭƷħ鱻Спԭ
ʦ㽭ľ齫ħ黹ڵС㲢ٸڵ˴򽻵
ԲѷȻҸΪ˧޼ɵؽ˴̣
֪ⶫãǲãа׼Ҹ޹亦
뵽⣬С㷭˷óʦʱľϻ
ľϻ˵ز֮ҰϣϢͩľơ˻֮ϢͩҲ֮ħа
С㽫ħľϻҲ԰ЩѰ˼ȻɽڷڵķѰħϵķ
ֻ֪ľϻϵһ˲䣬ԭͻȻһ˲Ĺ⡭
ǰصһ·ϣǷ羰ֻ߲ʱǾٴڵĵˡ
Ϊ׵ǸǽڵĵӸСһŵ
С㲻֪Ǻ⡣ǴĽһưʦǰϪͤһ𡣡
С㲢ȥ֪Լ鲻ֽţҲˡ
ɺ޼˵;ٷ٣ôǱЩڵӸˣ
С˵ȥǽڵӲ̫ѾĲϡ
ҪڵͻСæֹͬһȥ
ϪرʱϪͤ߰齣ŵ⣬ͷٷɳۡ
С߹ᵯָջȻʾСͬ
ΪһָĽһ裬ѾҪܳˡ
Сȴ֪Ǻ磬ɴҲ£ֻЦſϲҪҪɡΪλᵽҵĿڴҲ˵Ҳ˽ħңҲΪҪҲ⣬Եڼĺ
ͻǻСǰҷԴ
С֪˶ţȻʾãϽ
˴С֮ԣȴŵЦһ£Ƴõģ 
ǲϳħ֮󣬽ڵĵѾȥ˳ʱ
һ켣оŮ֣ȴ˵Լû͵˵˭ţ
С˵ͷȻָλţʵˡ
ȡڴľϻݻҪ˽ڽǹ˾
ָոľϻӣľϻȻ˲ȼһ
һæҪľϻ
ʱһԭ޹ħ·ӨӨ⡣
ļץã紩Ƽݶȥʱ⣬ͻȻسһԵĴС㡣
С㲻ħ鵯һ£ڵءӿؿһ̣ħҲ̼ɢӰˡ
ҪʱͻȻ߹һץסÿ䣬ֻС󴦺Ȼ߰ķơ
ʲôСؿڵʹʵ
ıЩ˵ĸӣ޺޵ŴС㣬˹ʺһЩ̡
ƺ¶˾ģ̧ۿСʵҲҷǵħ鲻ɡȻˣԸɡ֪֮ǰǷѡͬ޵ĵ£
Сȴû뵽ͻȻɵ⡣
ƺҲǲСĻش𣬾ԵӦûУȻҲҡڣѰʺϵͬޣô°빦ҵĽѽɣֻԪӤɽ١ͬޣ൱߰޵·ĽݾԭҲֲ㣬ʹթħڣûԵѡֻ⡭ֻǻ´ӼҲҡ½֪
˵⻰ʱͬȳʺɴСҲûԼ޸ǳ˲ι
ɴ۾ʣǲͿˣҪҪһͷѨ
黹ǲãֻħ飬ְڣҪԵҾעȻ㸺𵽵סֻǿŤĹϲ𡣹ôƣԺɲҪڡ
ҪħѹħԡСħ飬Ŀ
ҪħԼҪôɱС㣬Ҫô͵뺮أŮһ˹ҹ
ɽȻǴɽɣҲһֱħҲɱĻŮˣض˽ڴɵͷ
ݺأ˵ֻ·Щֻᵽ̰ŮɫȴϹȫŮ
ǲȢȥǳ͵ƭŮɫ֮ͽ
Ϊ֮ƣֻΪ£˳ħɹ˵ңŮӵѪħĿǣѰ˵˵ķӣ˵Գ׽ĺ󻼡
ӣҲñȥԸ
ĻŮӣ֪٣ֻû뵽αСۣ˵
ջֻ֮࣬ܿο룺Ůӵ⣬ѪҲκħԵĿǣҲȢ̫Կ
齥Ҳ˼ֻ֣ŵҰһмӦ¡


9 
ƺûСӦô졣
ⲢԴΪڵ޿ޡ
£ϣΪ£һͬŮ޿ɲʦɺһˡԸףôµŮ޴ԼԸΪѡ
ڣ࣬һҰɵĲݰŮСôܲܳӦأ
ΪˣС㼸ûԥܸɴһڻؾʱڲۿ˴С㡣
µĲ࣬Ҳذڻˡ㲻ҴӼ£Ҫ֮ҪĻ²ûʱڼҼҾơ
ֱΪСҪΪΪԼٶıȡЩô
Сǿ̷۵ĳ嶯ܸɴƺˣѹûҪ˼Ҳ˷ɵʱ䡣̫ˡ
ŮӲûӭܵ˼ɵüͷӽӽ͵Ȼħ飬ûбħҲħ֮ࡣҪ콫Ƴ壬ֻӣҪôɱ㣬Ҫôҹԡ˹ƳħҪգڼ仹Ҫ˹ȫҡȢ㣬չҲûҾڵͷѵȫ֮ߡ
ʲôԼħҪǰݸĴܽɾ
˼˵ڵӣ
Сͷ˿ԼѹסĵĽǣ̧ͷлѣҷҲЩаⶾķӣһȥʦһ£ܲԼˣǱƳħ飬һΣ
С֪ôžɲΪо˵Ĵ񫡣
λǿħ־ڱصãϧԼԵҲҪõħ顣
صغӣͷԼڻûħȻĻһ޳ɵѡһַӡɱȡѣһԼ
Ҳζţһţİڲ
ڴСšü˼ʱҲƷŮӺǿҪ޸֪޸ĺôħ
뵽⣬ڴƺʱղ̫ǲҷ˵ĻҸЩʱ䣬ˣҡȻǰûħҵǺðˡ
˵⻰󣬿С㱧ȭҪǣ˿ûиĿڴӦҪ޸˼Щá
ȻƽǱУЩĽŮӴ࿴һۣһҰ·ӵƫŮʾòмһˣȷܲʹ졣
뵽⣬̲ס̸̸ûаݵʦͬŮӼ޴żңһӵܼ޸ΪɾٴͶʦѾʦţĪҪٴˡ
СҪ棬ȻģͷһҲǷ̥һɵǵץסԵԼһĻᡣ
ϧô͸źβĹ޶ԡ
ԼͶݴʦʱСĴ΢΢Ƿ˳ЦȻһϲͨʵǶ١û˵ĴȢ޵ϰߡôңȴҪȢңҲǹŤġң˵ʮˣȢңҿˡ㣿
˵⻰ʱ΢΢ͷŽĹ⣬βĳԺΣ˼˵ӡ
Ů氮ǳֻΪ񲻺ãȻｫһ¡
С㿴˪̽¶ɽڣΪҪίԼȢôһѵûʲôôΪʲô㲻˵ʵǾû̸ȥıҪ˰ɣ
ΪһȲ˵ۡСĸɫƭӣɱصĽħ࣡ 
ٴαСݺһ¡˲̵ܽŮӣöţ٣˵ֻɴ˵Щ׵Ļ
Ѫ⣬ħ֮·ֻµʱౣذɡ
С㱻þĬһ¡
ͻȻԼڴħ顣˵ԼѪ⣬ѵħһ·Ѱģ
ħѵҪԼͬħøǰǰ׼Ҹһ
˵ٿǸĴСһۣ
ⲻٹˣôСһħʱʹȻСѾͷƬӻ浱Լǹɫ㣬Ե˷Ȣ
뵽⣬Ӷ䣬ϣƮƮȻȥ
еĵУѰ˿ɼ
Со䵭ƺԼŲʶôľܾλԼʶȤ
Ͼ˼ŵ飬ֻԼֱϵߡ
ѵ˵ģԼħ
ȴСʦʦ㣬˵˷ħͻȻа뵽ʱλͬһ
ּۿ죬һаԼϡ
Сժ·ûһûħأ
ʦȲ˼߹˿СȻʲôôСϿ췭ʦؼʲôƽ֮
Сǰ˼飬øմߵĺֻôһΡ
ϲԴؼ޾ϸؼ¼ԼƽճڶǰҲȥκٴƻ߶Ŀù˫ͷƻ
ƻߣϢɽµ˼壬һմȾ߶ǰеĴܣҲҪ߶ֺǻɢ֮ࡣ
жеѪҺڣѹ˲ܼоƶ۶Ϊ£ҪԼѪҺ״Ҳ̶á
ڷԵƻ߶Ŀһ˾Ȼҧһں
Ǹˣʦħͷκ٣
һ㣬ʦҲƣԼʦġ
ֱʦŷ֣κٵ꾹Ȼж֮ƴסߣͷ󣬸˫ͷ߻Ѫ
㽣ƫ棬κٽһҲΪȫ˴Ѫ룬Ҳ߰ݡκƺҲһֱϵѪٿء
ԵΪӾԼҲ˻֮ǾڵΪħ飬Ƴ⡣
ϧʱĵΪҲʱҲΪˣɱʦʱ
⣬СŻȻԭԼڵħ飬ƻĪĸϵκٵħġ
֮ԲǵŻˡ
ʦһ죬˵ƻ߶нⶾݣκٰ߶
ҺҪȥĵطɽķأҲڷµɽѰء
뵽⣬С΢һ¡
ʦСлʱ̲ס̾ҵ찡Ϊ˾㣬ȻԸȢ㣡Ȼþܾ
󣬴޾ϧ֮顣ȿ˧ܣȷܷŮӷġ˼ôҲԵɵġ
ʦҲʾܼ޸ͬޣΪʱھͻᱩǡС붼;ܾ治ԿҲ಻壡
ΪԿҲȻΪ˾ȸŮƭӾҪԼԵòᱻСĺƤҸԻס˰ɡûһأصҲȥ


10 
СλʦҲ˵Ұ˶Ĺ򣬸ʦϸ˵һ¡
ľ˺΢΢۾˵ⶾȢģ
СϹ·Ұˣ⻰ͷϵĺȻڵͷģһɱʦͽֻʲô˼ΪߣˣǵʦȿɲԶˣʦģҪϴĸˣڷôΪвȣίʲôƨɣûҷڵͷ
ľ룬ԴʦȥСȷһˣٷףƢҲ˲١
̲סЩ棬֪ʦǰŴСɽɽչصҹ﾿ʲô
ΪʲôԺʦ·ԪľѸήҲȻȻţǴСֺһ㣬Ըˣ
ľ̽ʱС죬˵׷ݻع֮𣿡
ľҡҡͷɴû
СЦһ£ֻҰ˵ֽʦദǶʱء
ֻ֪ʦľԼΪ׷ݻعֻ֮ΪؼԼجһĻ
һֱΪĸ׺Ů񲻺ãҪԶԶɷǡ
СʱۿŵˮŮȥ󣬴ƾɵԺΡΡ߳ĸס
ĸҲˮŹȥ
˾˻ڸĸױԹ˼Ůٶʮӣֻֽʲô㣬ǲǲɵ˰
ĸĿ䣬в˵Ҳ֪ԼⲡסˡǽʿĻˣҲݵҵС㡣ȻˣѰܴ³ԷĺȥǸǴģΪҲ㱣ӣŻᾡĽС㰲ŵ˼ȥѾߣиȵĲ¡ҸǮҲϣһ·չС㡭ʮĻʮС㳤ˣҲΪԼııǰ̡û£ΪСˡ
˵ĸ׵ĻѾں۾Զȥǲᡣ
һԣѾ˵Сֻһԡ
һ̣Ϊĸһֱѹķ׵Ĵʯ·һƿˡ
ԭﲻ񲻺ã֢ʵչ֪˾һӲףֻǰĸźǰ̡
һ̣ⱻľµƬȫӿͷ
װǴС۰ģȻϲ˽ӣʶĶֵһֱԽ֡
ڱǰһҲһֱ§˯ڶʱԼյͷʪġ
СĺһϧҲƺסˣֻش
ҪŲŲʱϤļźȴɢ
ʩչܶݻʱ⣬Ρ
Сֻ۹ۣ翴һ㣬ȥ˵Բ
ʦź˵ʵбȻʱϹŷʱ⵹⴩Ž
ľҲֻǾ꼻һ֣С
ֻǵȾĵߵǬķӣΥλɰҲʹãȻĻضҪǴ
ΪС㻹ԭ˵ʱ࣬ʵҲΪ˽⿪ѱŮĽᡣ
֪ѵ֮Ϊ٣ôС⺢ӽ⿪ĽᣬƣôҲһƬġ
ʦǰ˵ǷС̾һ
ʦΪνġʮˡǡǡ෴˺쳾ǡһɶõĴ֮š
С㱾Ƕ֮ˣȴܻôɼССȴǸ
ν֮ǡǡиˡڿ֮ϣ춨ɲŤת
ϧһһ˻̫ãۺȻĻ
СӶͷһ˵Լİ־ȻǺõġ
ʱں˵˵ֻǿۣ˱ô죿
ڴС㿴常ǿСԼ֮ÿ£ɼˡı²С
ȴ΢΢һЦҵ·ѵСѾͷʲô£֮·ȫԼˣΪʦȻʦ˵ܹҫһţʵҲǺǵġɽڣѪССɣûʲôŵҫ֮һţ㽻ˣʲôУʦǶˣ㲻Ϊʦһˡʦɽȥɣ㡭д컯ġ
ɽһַ룬㴫еĴСС
뵽ʦ˷ڵУСӿĶ׷£ֻһҰˡҪιԼͬš
ľС˵һͨûͷûԵĻҲشԼ⣬̾˿ҲʣŴСһڡ
һгϪݵĵطϪѣԴʦ÷ĿˮϪץ˼㡣
˷Ӳˣյ;ͱЩˡͷҰл𿾷㣬Ŵӷشı˳ԵöǱ㡣
һԴСĴʦ֣ʱɫС⡣
ûСжֱ߱Բ䣬˵ҲûջͷˡȨ֮ˡ
ħ֮գ⵱ʦִֵݻˡ
ûа취ħʿģŵͷҲá
С㿴˿ʦСʦЩ񣬴ŵ˼ӦҲ˰ɡ
ʵСԼҲܵħ飬ɹôãӡӣʲô״
˴ʦֵĻʾԼħˣԼҲϾħҪԹϣܷħԡ
ʦô̱׽ʱֻ׷żһҧ
߿ĿЦ̲סֺݺݵһۣȻͷ㡣
Էڼ䣬㻹⿴˿ͼִС·ɽؿЩԶء
СЩŵؽӹͼһǣԭԼһ·ʱԥһ󣬻ߴ·ҺƵò̫ԶѰԭ·ˡ
ȳ֮󣬾ҹйεʱˡ
һɣȻΪҪ߶ȻҪΪ¾
´ÿ֮˵ıؾ֮·
λͬȣС޴ĸ᷸ѧߵëһĹ;ᣬҪ
ʱλͬŻ붨һֱſԼűߵϹȴˡ
̧˳Ϫܴȥæȥ׷죬ţȴµϪ֪ʲôʱͻȻճ
СȻס˽ţ顣
տ粻ϹӰӣʱڴСǰͻȻһɽɽֵͻأ״ҲֲܿȻá
Сһ£͵תҪܡһϧûɶģɽУԴˮŻҪȥأ
ɾת֮ʱͻȻ޴Сһ˽ȥ


11 
ܿ죬СоԼƺʲôճҺţϵ³³
ȫܶʱСķ
Ͻ۾͵ʱѵܣᱻ󵼣ܿһС
һƬѪ֮Уһ˫ɫۣ͸Ѫֱֱ
Сʺúմ󣬲˵ƣ
˫͸ɱƺûϵСȻô󵨣ôǵһܿˡ
СĻƺãǹһԼƺԻȻͳɱѪζĶ𣺡㡭ܿң
СһŨѪеħƺæǵģױЩͨܿЩ˿Ķ
ʱȾɽѪƺ۳һֻƣδŨڵѪ飬һס˴С°ͣ˫ƺսЩ´ȻЦȻֻɫ
Сû뵽ѪħȻ֪ҪȢ飬˼ѪħһʮֵƲʰ
Цһ֪ǳΪޡ
ΪѪħԼϧǾ˳Żİɡ
˭֪ѪħûеĻ˵꣬°͸ɱҲ䣿
ͻ۵С˴ۣ۽ǵһźڳ޵ӳ΢΢
Ѫħŭ֮Ѫγɾһ㣬ѵСĶߣŵδѹɤӵ죬Сǰܹɣʺ࣡ǲǾúʦԼûб¡ûϵҸᣬֻҪҵģһúǿǿǿ˶Ľ¡
˵ʱѪȵֱֱСĶ˻ƵĴײѪܶһһõġ
ôһ̣СƺʲôѿСĵίڽ͵˰ס׷ʱŭһȫӿͷ
ѽ̫ˣ
ôǿ󣬿ɱˣǸáжá
ôʱûʶϵĺѪƺԽԽ࣬ԽԽճֱͬѪӼҪ档
СԻ£ۡ
ۣΧôů˯һͺˡʼûĳůܾԼʲôҪ顣
ҪʱĴʹ⡣
ԭڷţС㽫תıƬƭڽʱ͵ľ
ָֻҪűУת˲п˵ǮҡҲССΣʱԱ
С͵߱鲼ɫ˵ȣŮͼıĻҲȱȽǡ
һδյôСľĺǿЩƭ˵Ļ
ѪħչʱͽƬ˵Զжϡ
ҪʧȥʶʱڱƬ˵һ˿ʹˣ
ô£ôױĹöҪ˯ȥ
ѵѪħĻйħĹЧ
С㻹ǵòϳħľǵð׼ϱҲΪħа壬ڳħ鶼ǲˡ
ѪħҲ編ƣԼΪһ׼ϱ
С뾡Ѫħܱ֧䡪Ȼķ̫⣬֮Ѫļӳ֣ƺЩá
뵽⣬˵ַԼͳһŷǰǵˮ
ˮСѪ֮ͻȻѪħͬʱĬĬ䣬ҪˮɢȫסճѪҺ
ȴлˮһȴ˿ڴϸһѶ
С㰵һãԼèˡǷȥˮȴʼڵѪҺ
ôȥѪħԼҪѪˡ
û뵽ˮǣСʳѪ˿ѪħʱѪħͻȻŵصɴۣʹƺȻһ˲ͽС˦˳ȥ
Ѫħŵ૵ҾȻ󲻵㣡ѪʲôãҲţϾȻеڶܰҵĿơ
Сʲôֱ۵õɺԼϸһ˿ڣѪ䡣
ΣСЩŵܹͬʱǣѪ˿ߣٴϮѪħ
ѪħƺܼɵСѪҺѹҽУֻһŭţѪȵճ˶Ѩ
󺰵ʲôСѾˡ
ѪħʧͬʱһɷѸٵ𣬵ҪʱʧصĸоôСһ¾г
ʱС㷢Լڴĵϣ죬ӰϪˮһԵδϨ𡭡
ͬűľŵ׷۳ȥ
߶úôʲôร϶͵˯ج˰ɣ
Сͷĺɴ۾ŬرܣȷԼĻϪߴŵһСΡ
ɾʱľȴɴ۾С°ͣС㣬°ôˣ
СվϪˮߣ΢⿴Լ
ϸ°ʹȻмӡС֣Ǽӡһֻĺۼ͸Ѫħס°͵ĵطһģһ
ǡ
ԼڻıСʱĵѪδᣬڵδѪ
ȻѣæתͷѰԼϹ飬ȴûдԼߡٻʱ򣬲ԶĹľ﷢ϤĹ
ǹȥʱŷǹǴӹľӳһɽ﷢ġ
С𷽲ŵξ΢΢ɽģͨɭɭþ
ϹĽҲ͸ңС˲ô࣬Żѣż̽˽ȥ
ȽȥʱС΢΢һԭ鱻ʯһխķ϶Լ֨֨ץʱСĿʯ
û취ΪɽڵĹҪҲԼúӵı¡
С߹ȥƿʯͷüǾƿʯͷĵ˲䣬һʯںȻѿʯڵķ϶Ȼиƽǽϻӡ
ںİֽͭϻ˳ȥĻҳʱ¶ͭϻϵĸ
ľŻɴ۾ͼͻȻˣĪҪ
СҲͼէһһߵڵͷϵӡơ
ǺɫѪһŨڡǿþˣл鶼ҪȥĲʸС
ʦ㣬⡭òǾڵıǰɣ
ľûϴǶǰ߸صħκٵħӡ
ľȻҲǴκٵħݻԸֳΪӡͬκٵħӡơ
ڶǰƵĺȴѪȷ磬Ϊ֮ɫ䡣
С˼ؿǺͻȻԼ
ԣϳħʱõǰѾɽĽϲ
뵽⣬СȻԭλͽħʱΪûаգɴʦκٵ彣
ƺԸ˿Լеʦʲôϸ𣬻ҪðײڽͺѰζˡ


12 
ʱַͭϻӵıȻһŷķӡڵӿ˿ȴǵһ
·Ȼ·ƣǷϵķвͬƩɽڵķĩβһתĹ
ɽڵĵһϳԼҵķ⿴ԶĽħƵĩβȻиʦױĹ
ĤݣȻƶûˣʦģ
ʱϻϵķƮȻ£ϻҲһӴˡ
˶һһССľǵһϹo
Ŀնǿ̵ЦЦˣ̲ס΢΢ս
࿴˿׳ȥãǻûͱľϸŵƵ֡
ľͰ̽һ£ȴ䷨ĺˡ
СܱаʮĵҪԶ֮
˭֪ƺиһֱС
ʹ䣬СѾȥ׾ٵؽľõ
񣬲Ѫأһϸŵļ֮
ǴʦȴִΪΪħĵħһ࿪ʼһͨˣһаĶ
СһˣʦҲԽӹˡɿȥҲûкγ֮
СֱؿǵܾǵԵЩնģƺȱЩʲô
ı󣬵һġʦǿҸĵĽһ¡
СΪ̫ξǼģһѻյ
߼ãϾӡĺжǰʦµķӡʲôħľıôɽҪɣ湦
СţȻԣֻŴʦӣһ𱳵
ٴ·ʱ򣬴СĪоɭɭӴʦֵ﷢ɢƺһ˫쬵ض
СѰʦȴа￴úܽ˿
ϴʱ򣬶Դһ̫ĴС㣬εѰһԶͬŵСɽ£󣬱붨ˡ
ԵɵġΪһҹܾƺ
߲·ƵϪһΣΥȥǵһΡ
С㲻ԺˣڻῴͼӭѶϣȥʲӵİߵ
ƺħӰ죬ż־ʱ᲻ԾΥԼԸǸ㲻״ƾĵ׵֧䣬ôҪ״
붨ܲΣ˽һǳجѪħǸʲô
Ϊ˷ֹⷢС붨ǰ͸ԼָѪֹѪħ͵Ϯ
ҲǾ´СѪζѪħδ붨֮󣬴Сĵȴ
СѾͷƬӣ𣿲ˣұѪѹƣʱáҲװң
Сʣ˭ʲô
ƺĵشǷȻңǲǸȡˡ̰֣ұķԪֻڻ˭֪ʣҶáģѰʵĻᣬһ̶
ϪݵİɣΪҵǸʲôŵ
Сֱ˼⣬ħƺûشֻǴŹǷôʲôԺԻ֪ġˣҵѾɢˣСѾͷҪǿЩɱ̫찡
˵֮ƺۼˣƾСôҲٿ˵ˡ
С۾ʱ򣬲һΪλͬ񿴺һǰ
ľһؿʦãСʦã㵽ǶʲôӣôΪһǧ֮ưżգʱ򣬾ȻͷڣеСĻ
ŴСʱͷȻڣҲɢƽڵӵ⡣
Ȼ⻹΢ڵĵûȣǾҪλͬʦֽ㣬к֮ơ
Сһ㶣ʲôϣֻǱ˴ʱֻҪרעͷɡʱȴҪħᣬʱҪһ
ҲΪȻ°빦ЧõΪڼ̵ʱڷǡ
ħǵκٽڵģҲ˵ħκٺܳʱ䡣
κٵΪҲͻͽرǣҲκһҪʱʱƺڵħԣﵽһǧЧ
뵽⣬С̾һʦǵϣĺ˷һְҪҪħ飿
ˣʱҡͷ粦˹ġ
ħ鲢ûٴŴСճ·߰ݷúϢ
Ϊħ̫аԵԵʣС⼸յǺڷܵؿʦؼ
ǸͽͬȻҲͬʦκ߻ħʱµСΪӣʦǱŸеĳ羴κٺħشҲ赭дáħ֣ɼʦ͡
ڴκħûм¼̫ࡣ
һ㣬ǾκٵĿ֮˵ѪҺܻɢκٵħѪ䵽ܵκ˵
κһֱѰˣ֮졣
С㿴ʱһףΪʦ֪Լʮʱипֱ˵ʵܺˡ
꣬Ҫ˰ߵħͷ׷ɱ
ҪĻˡ
С֪Լ֮Ѫú󣬲ħʲô˲õˡȻԼѪħκٶܼɵôħ
գ̫ʱֿʼװ̡
ߺͰ㲻̫ϴ׼
СͽľŮӣϴʱ΢ЩһЯϪ߾档
С׼ˮʱ򣬹ʹУͻȻξٿԼѪҺѪħΡ
ָоʵ̫ˣڹ˼춼¡
⼸ղϵĴôСĵгӯ֮У·һò׳Ա˵ˣ֮࣬ˣһˣ
ôţָöˮʱ΢ĬĬ˿ˮ䡣
ˮƺǱָöȦȦһ̣мˮ𶯵Ĺ㣬ΡΡԾˮ档
ˮκܿһԽԽͬˮڳĳܿڴС΢΢䣬ͬŮĲʲ衭
ľϴһ̧ͷͿԼĲ˼ʦٿˮΡ
ȵָͣŴСȴ춼˵
ʱȵòͷļߺͰ߹׼ߴλʦ·ȴ˴СӶֱָۣˮ·ɵΡ
ӣ˵۾Ҳɴ缦죬ȴ˵ˡ
Ҫ֪ˮػȻǷڵŵļգҲκεӶա
簢꣬ҲЩȻػ𣬵ҲֻܲٿƬʱ䡣
С֮ǰǹƨͨһҹĹһزٿˮҪΪ֧ţ
ôһҹ֮ͻȻΪˣ
뵽⣬㷴Ӧһˣǳħˣʦܣ÷


13 
㱻ʦôһæҵͽħŴʦֳ˴С㡣
Сһֱ񣬼оˮõԽ죬ٿصó뻯ʱȴʦֵĺһ
ٿصˮǰζû˷ѣӿֱ£ȫ˶λʦֵϺϣλʱܳ
Сζһĸ첲˼سŶλʦһЦѽ˼ǲûϴϴϴ
ȼȷСûħֻҹ붨ʱ˲ٿˮط۾һֱɵͭ㡣
ܣ˯ˣôܻṦǣ
ʦ㽭ľ۾ҲǴţ֪СղŲû÷ĬھˮʱӶҪˡ
Ҫ֪ʩչԷΪ塣ɽ֮ˣȣɽ°빦һ
ʵǾҪ֧ŵı֡Ҳ÷һŹӵԵʡˣĶ̰壬ԭʺġ
ͺñȽŲȴҪŹӲҪһɽǿһΣҲֻʼڰɽת
ҲΪʵľޣһɣѳʲôķĴ֮š
ܲ÷ɲٿ֮ˣ֮ǰķڸɱҲû˵
ϾѷľޣҪޱȸߵ츳ΪۣȻùˡչ·
ڣɽڵĴС㡭Ȼ㣡ʣ׸߳Ƕ٣
˽ľ˵Сûÿˮѹš
СҲԣ˳ָٴδϪˮһϸ؛˴ʦֺϣȻô˰ɣ
ĨĨʪûлˡ
ߵĽа֮⣬ʺΪѹһУ
㼧֮ǰжôС㣬ڣԼʵ֤ڷڵŵߵģʦûпˡ
С㵱ȻԼΪߵԭ򣬵ûͬŽ͵̫ϸȻʦһ׼Ϊħˡ
ڼ·ʱ򣬴Сĥһ£ħӦҪٿԼٿذ׼ϱĵ׵Թħء
˭֪Լ֮ѪΣͷãħħǡôﵽһ΢ƽ㣬ֻҪƽⲻƣӦʱ
ѪħԼĲٿʱ˵ǵڶһˡ
СЩ棬һħƵˡ˭أ
ֻǴС㲢֪ٿˮĻҲʵǰ
ʱѾת˾ɽǰѾ˵һ·ټӴС㡣
ڽɽĺԣù֮мӵĽڵӵ۾Сʱʲô
Ȼͨǵǰʱĵ֮յô̶ʱգʹﵽȵز
ѵħΪҪߵħͷκһ·
ŭ۾ڵվȴʦɺ֪ʲôʱڵվǰ
Ķͷɺŷͷӡתڣɵÿ߼Ľǰ
һͷӡסˣȻµضɺѰħ顮ˣ
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ҲԸش⣬ϾԼ飬ȴҰŵŮܾҲûʲôġ
º۾һҪУ£ȥɡ
ڱǰһ޲ɸʵǹɺԼʦǰȴ˳һ㡣
鲻ãӰƺǸС㡣
һŮӣкħȻǣʦֵ
֪ʲְֺֻ޵ؿĿգŤ뿪˽ڴ
ҪģҪз
ҪģҪõħ顰ǸС㣬лᣬɺúûһ
˵ڵļˣ֪ԼһֱڵԶԶš
һգڵɽķ֮¡
ɽķΧܵݽϡ٣Ҫʲôˡ
ɽɽͷһ㣬ֻһɽϣĹԫһʯ顣
СãЩʯԭӦÿֵġֻ쳤վãټٵ̫Աü治
ʦǰʦ̸ǰʦ־ɽʯҲָơ
ʦ˵ЩʯĴǵĹ±ǰκٻӱ飬û뵽ôãȻвʯ
СؼҲôһΡڴħͷκٱĴ׷ɱ׹ƻ߶֮ǰĵʡ
ĳħ֮·ҲǴɽĹȵƻ߶ʼġ
ɽԲڶǰдеġκٳħ֮ѪϴĴɣҪɽص˾ţǵңɽսһչĵطݲ
ʦƽϲɵĳʣȻȲСʦ˼
Сһɽһ΢Цţţɫ΢΢һ䣬ͻȻôؿܳһ˿ʹ⣬Ѹ֫ٺ
⼸Сһֱڵħల£ΪԼѪѹסħ顣
ŷ֣ԼʵǸ˵̫ˡ
ɽǲбɽԣСڵħڿʼˡ
ԣʱ򣬴Сÿһë׷·һ㣬۵ģʹõϴ
ͬҪ̧𣬷ŵһԴʯϡָһСϣ۵ʹధ·Ħʹ̡ʪյĺ޽Ǵʪͷҵڼձߡ
ľӣÿҪ޳ô죿
ŽħҲǣҲǡ
ȻƽСʦǿʮС۵ֽʱԼҲһʱ֪Ӧԡ
󣬼߸ɴεؽƷֽһţһԡ
ڼ޲֮ʱλڵĵ׼ʱһ㣬ٴ̤Ȼ֡
ڴӽششĴС㣬Цƿڵʦµ˴ʱľҵ˽ӴǰȥܾģҲֻʦˡɣ
ʦ㽭ľˣæͷ׼ŽڵĵһС㡣
ǻڵϴС㣬ʱ˫ŵƤǱ̧ͷӴ縵ķ˿¶ֻƯۣ۽ǵĺ·ѾҪγѪĵҲ͸ż׺ݡ
л⣬ĺ⣬޸ܣˣ
С֪׼ʱ롱ġ
׼ĥ£ϣԽ˹ˣСԽǲԸ
о췹ԵģûЩšݵƢ˹Ҫ۸һ죿
С㿴оԲı£ԲҪ


14 
ȻθħʤһΪмû׵ͷ
ħʱ򣬵ȷʹѵɵ˳žһ·ŵȥʱÿһ
ʹ֮࣬СȴԼһֱⲻ͸ľת֮֮£Ȼ˲ˡ
Ҫ֪֮ˣƷһǴͨѧתֻǵҡ
Сÿδᱳʹͬ붨ҲԵʡ
ʦ˵֮·ϣ˵ʺ־Ȼռһ룬ǡԵ飬ȴǿġ
ˣЩԵʻŴأǰžж
ͺΪѪѹƣڱĥʧȥʶ׼ϱʬ⡣
סĥܱѰ˸Խ˺߲֮Խż
Ҫ˭˭
Ǽڵƺû뵽С㵽ⲽҲ˲֪ôһʱЩ㶣֪˵ʲô
ʱھɽ̫֮ʹù֮һӵ۾˴СӲؾһĻ
أѾòŭοĲһ㱻С
̫Ҳ֪ôˣ
룬Ҫ֣˭֪ȻǶţ٣װ׹⣡
ǵħǴҲһġһ׹ǷСʲô¿⣿
ѲԼȿ̰ͼɫҪռ˲ɣ
ԭΪ֪ߵغŹһȣѡڴСʱٸ̨¡
ڿ̳ͽܣظ壬ڤ粻飡
ǴС㲻ܰȴ
СģǾ̫ʢžˣҲҪħ˻ڵħɵħԡ
ȻһħռϷ磬ĿҪһ
뵽⣬ǧﴫ֮Ǽλ´С˵ʲô콫ؾɽ
գɺѾϢ˵Ѿõһħ顰ֻ̰ħˡƫƫ̰ڴСϣҪ˵ķѹ
ȻС㲻мڸޣҲΪ˹ȫʲôˡ
Ƚ˴뺮ؽƳ˵
ϾôҲǾһ첻飬Ǿˡ
ʱڷɽ£ʦ´ڵӻһۣǰſڵϵĴС
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Ъʱĵȴһɴûйӿ֮⡣
ŲɶƵĵ֮СͳԼǰĻˮչͬʱĬ
һΣʱϸܵ·ڶصĽһ𵴡
ԭ׵ĻĮϿգͻȻ˻ꡣ
һΣҲ㶵˵ˡȻŵĵӣʦ佱ʲҲ˰꣬ſˮ֮
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ͬʱСļͶâֱֱӳ䵽˵նС
ţͻȻһѺۣžһУͬ񣬴СļһӶУʧ

С㱻ʱѹӦֻϢô˹ȥ
СѹʱֻƺƯˮУʶ㣬̧ͷƴֱۣҲԼƺ䵽һϪߡ
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ʱŴС㣬һ£ԣںڵĳɢڱ󣬳ȲһʯһֻŸƺ«һڿڵس
һھƾˣ죬ĳһӣ㽫һʯķѡ
СԶԶ̼Χüʯ
֪ΪΣӵıӰƺ͸ЩǿıӰɢ޾Ĺ¼ŸС


15 
СջĿ⣬ٴεͷԼʯ
ʯϿŵֵǺϣС㿴˼бʯԭ
ֻǡʯϵĹ¡ôյɽʱʦԼĹɽĵһģһأ
꣬ɽĴΧɽҹǱ
ɽ˾Ľ㴦һֱɽħҿء
κε˶ٶǰһʱԼΪӴ˵أȻ˽Է˸ɫŮȳĥƣ
ŮԭŪ˵ĸ֣ȻΪԵߵȫҵְ
Ů˸֣˽Էų˾֣Ϊ˼䡣
óħ֮ʿ̵ãһңǽŮȺ֡
겻֪ǲǱŮԵʧ˻꣬ȻΪ˱ҵˣɽһӭսĴɡ
ԸԼѾȻηԾ˾֮Ԩ
ΪѵңμΧ˵Ĵɷ׷´ССʯѵҺ˵ͬʱҲ˳ΪԼ蹦̵¡
ֻǺЩʯһ˴飬ӴһСӱ㿪ʼķߵɵҰ
һιöʦܣС㶼֪ΪʦؼճҲ˵һ졣
ɽʯˣǺ˷Ѫȷħͷκ١
Ұʷ˵κ롰гκٴԼ굱˾ŮµĺӣԵŻ£ħʱΪѪϴƸ󣬶Ĵɡ
ǡЩǶǰˣ
ôðСģµκ٣ӱ̢ĴͷСɽ⣬ԭڱ𴦵ɽͷ˱ģ
С㿴ֿ˼⡣
ЩʯӣӦûжͷǰĴɣκ¾Ҳ֪Щʯĸͽͽµġ
ûȴС㻺ǸʯϵƺӦϢͻȻ΢΢ĳ޳ŴСֱֱϮ˹
Сͳˮˮγˮܡ
ǴˮҲסʮĳޡıˮܣ˴Сš
С㾪һвãֻܱ۵Ŵʹ١
˭֪ĽȻתһձޣȻɫ磬ǰ
žתĹѾ˺ɴֻܿŨڵĽüһ˫͸ŵȻϹ
СûôȻ۾þˣƺ˻ǣ˸˵ʲô
˿ԼľȻǸ겻Ůԭǲᣬɲ֪ΪʲôĬһ£ȿʵ㵹Ǻܻ÷ĸɵĵӣ 
Сһ㶣˵ƽּͣʱס֣û˵ԼԼҲûװư͡ȭ̽ɽڵӡ֪¿˵
ÿŨü룬Ȼɽڣû˵Ϊڴ˴
СЩªšȻɽڱȲЩŴɣʦǼ֮ҲǿЩš
˾Ȼû˵
գ۾ʣһֱʣˣΪЩʯ
ӦǸƹÿɴ«󼸵ξɺ󣬲δعƺ«ָһʯⱮõǣǲɶ˰صƶˣףѲĿİ׹ǱƳɱҲͰˣƫƫʯϵ֣Ѳ飬Ҫӡùִʾ࣬˿һʭӣ˶аñӳˣҲЩɦɦʹʹ죡
˵⣬ȻЦһ˳ֳʯ֮ԿӵΪ͡
⻰ʮ£Ŀ
СȴЩɵõ˵ͷ
ðñ֣οôԸԼĹǺ˸˹ıأ
ȻˣƷ裬ԣҲˡ
ȻңǾҰɣ
˵ˣǸϽ뿪˵أһɽĸȽϺá
ٴαȭʣʸ£ɽߣ
´ŴС㣬ɽ
СסˣٴãȻɽҰĴ̡
Ȼøôɳɽأ
ɾʱɽͻȻһȺˣǸǰУȥΪǳģ
Сãһӿͷһ˴ƮƮİȥӦǾڵĵӣĸɫ˵ȣ֪ǽڴİ֡
Ⱥ겻ɢߣȻ׷쵽ˣ
ʱߵǸͻȻһûнľɽһƲڹͺͺĽϲ˼ȦȥҪɽ߾һսģ
Сûʲô¶ǿڵ£ǳģ޹ء£߰ɡ
εǺؿ˿ʵŶΪ׷㣿
Сü˳ɾڼֱ㳲ˣ
ȢϱˣôѪץ
һ˾Ҹü޸㲻Ҫص׷졭߰ɣٲߣһ߲ˡ
˴Сһ˼ԭˣȷмɫѹͽӡվǺþƣҲǼˣȻˣܹƼˣգ
С⻰ЩϷζ̧ߵˡ
ɻû⣬ȴ˳չָɽҪһȺ˵ģһһӭս㿴ܶǷһ־ˣ
СȻûһû¶ȴӭսûܴġ
ȻˣӣֱϣӳĽ㽫ļɫ˴ڵء
Ǽɫƺȥ׷С㣬һŭذΧˮйͨ˫һӾͲһ
С㱾Գô˻תܣӳžǿͷƲ²ܣ̫Ҳûнˡ
뵽⣬С㵥ַͳŻˮ̼ˮɽ˱ϮȥǱˮõصĹ򣬴СæӸߺô࣬ӲӲ죡ߣ
ƺ̫ˣ˸˵أвս֮
Сȳܵĺ֮ԡ
߹ȥס˵ӱܣһһ˵ӱʮ겻˵αظƣɽڣûաλʿٲߣɽ̲Ҫסˣϸľƺ«һҲˣ
ƺСĻЦˣҲŴСһܣܱʣǡǸö㵽δȥܱסɽ̲񣿡
С·۾գҷŴһɽģɽƺ֪ܶͨδï֦ܣʺϲȶ㣬취
룬˵ͷеҶԴ˵ز죬·
С㲻ҵ飬ֱķȥ󣬲첻ظĺ棬СĹ˦ųĺβ裬˦˦ģ־֡
ܿ죬˷ĵطָָɽ£κٵʿȥɣ
ȴЩؿŹȵףĬһµȵסǲΪá
СΪηߣôߴˣֻ׼Լķӣ±ȥ
˭֪˿һᣬͻȻк򣬵С㳯ɽȥ
ɽºܸߣС㷽˰ĻֻĹˡ
Ϊصٶ̫죬˽żŵʱȻжصɻǽҶĵҳһ
˵ʱС㷢Լ´ʪĸоôмö˶ĵǡ˼ö޴ĵϣ⵰ѿˣҺʱð˳


16 
Щÿк᳤Ϲôѹʲôĵ
Ťͷ׼˵ʱȴסˡ
ΪµʱϵĺɴҲˡ
ԭΪΪòԸʾˡ
һ˵ġԭŶԡ
Уտôǰ˵ĳȻħ
ûòǰ¾аȿӣ
һ˫żŵɫ΢ĳͦǱĵĺгӵ·˻ǣ˲֪С
ֻƺ̫ϲ˶ſڴСճյע£ıҲԽ䣬ȥȻôҵʲôף
СҲѹǿòеǿջ
С̫£Ȼ֪ģúõģŮڵ΢ֶǸ
ǰӦҲ˳ò֮࣬ŲԸĿʾ˰ɡ
ɲ˼ҵĲ֮óȻ˼ҿ˧
뵽⣬µšմЩңһɡ⣬ǲ֪ײʲôĵǸϽ뿪ɡ
ƺû뵽Сܿͻûиǰμò֮һ¶̬֮һ£һ½һߵǵ϶ճ˵Һ⵰˻׷ζһ·׷ǵġߣѾˡ
⵰ҺһζζŨңȷζЩ޴ĵСƤЩ
һ߿ѵմ˵Һӵϣһ̧ͷܡܵۺܿ㷢Ͽȶǵĵ·ƺʲôϮӿ˹
ȵľʵ˴ԭءǴСѾµڵ¼۶ģǵˣǲ֪ʲôôĵ
뵽⣬תͷ˵Ҫȥ
ǴżζЦĵصͷСôİǾôˣǿϧ
ָǴС㲻ʲô˼
˼ֻȨ׺󣬳ɽ׷ޡܱ˺öԸǻǶﲻҪһöס
˵꣬ӻ˼Ŷʦ֮ǰ˶Լάơ
Чȼѣƾܵٿ죬ֻҪմϰڵĶֱ̽˿԰Ȼãܱһ١
ڣСҲ編ƣĴ̰ںöȻһͷƬƬҶڵ塣
ˣһ㣬һǶ鿴ʱ˷Уٳոβ
ǲ֪ʲôޣǼ򵥿ƣ⹻ۡ
һֱԱСֻæµȸһĴãһ²ؼɵģ
ͶݣվһϪߣϴȥϵĵҺȻĴѰĿⶨһҶϡ
־ҶӣţȻԼıǿ
ϪˮıҲʼ΢΢𵴣˵ͷŵϪˮվŴɽԶ۶𣬱ʮࡣ
Сɫϵĺ棬Էٴ͵͵һա
Ͼ֮ҪλʿǱҪٿԺ˵ûῴôÿˡ
ʱ¹ӿ
Сȥһը죬ֻ޴ͷͻȻӵص״
ֻ˶Դ߸ߵʱС۾Ҳɵ
ߡȻһֻǳĴԴ
ڴСļ˽ߡʲôţˣǾǶǰɽƻ߶ƻߡ
ƻǴͬ壬ֻԴһֻͷԲΣӦĸߵͷһ鵰ʱΪŭͣǹߵͷ
⣡ô˵еĹߣ
ΨЩãܹס⴫˵Ϲž
һֱûж˫ͷ߱ȻȹϪߵˡ
޴ڿշţͻȻɢһƬɫһ˵ζ̼䣬ӯɽȡ
Сֻһ£ﰵһã
ԭ߹˵ʱһӶѬٴá
ɽ߶С⧲ҲЩȥ˫һ̴ɫ˳
Ϊƶͣһ·õ˫ͷߵǰ档
ȥιߣ˵һֻ˼
ƺҲжˣôһӦ㲻Ҫ̫ǰ
߶ѬûĴСҪ˵Ҫ־ˣ
ѵΪʮҪˣ
ݲö룬ѾŵϲĵҺζŭԲֻۣƿݣ˶
СȻӲܶ۽ɨһԵϪϽĬˮ
ҲվܼǱܣֻ֮ǰڵӵĲˮõø죬δС㲻Ѵ֮ˮֱֱֲֻͷ
ֻԴˮֱҲС㲩һ
ת֮Ҫѹڵ߶û뵽֮ƺҪһ㣬յһƬͬʱѾһεħ鶾Ϯ֮ơ
С㷢Լڵħƺõһ㣬ԭݷħԽǿҡ
̲µԵɡħȻκٵԴȴ˫ͷߵ߶
Сħõǻ㹻˵ͻѪǯƣһռʶ
©ƫҹ꣬ùһһ
Ϊ֮˥΢ٿصˮҲС˫ͷ߱ˮˣպ޲ѡ
ˮһ޴Դ˦˦ˮּ֮йɷֱ
ǧһ֮ʣС֫һڱ޲ƣһӱ㱻ק˵ߡ
ק˴С֮󣬽һʯϣȻ˫ͷ߶ȥýʾ˿δӰ졣
С㶨ıӡֲĶӰ죬ò֪ĲɲӣȻ˸֮á
ֻԼƽ鶯ԾͬʱתԴɿȥ
Ȼ죬ϧߵķӦҲ٣ֻͷһһң㣬ͬʱŨ̵Ũɽȡ
С޿ɱܣֻ񣬵Ϣֹסӿ
ʱѾ鵰ӵıԵм䣬ճ˴Сǰڵϵ
ʦͣķˣ߱סƬʱľһ
գ۵ĹǷƺʧЧֿʼ³ӡ
ȻץסƬֻ̹ԴͬʱڵأѪõǡ
˿ɱͷ֮ڳ鴤߸ٴξٽ߶ӻҳһīɫĴߵ󣬽ڼͷСǰ
ߵԼˮҽЩ֭ݸСζȳЩȴǽ߶ļƷһȥ
˵꣬ͽˮҵݵ˴СĽǰʱ߶ڴС֫ٺܣ֪ںδħ
С֪󲻵ã˵ݹˮҡ
λʿ˵òߵ֭ȻãƬ̣СͷԼָܶˣǰħʱִʹĸоҲ˲١
ֺһڿ͸˵ߵ֭Сǻ˹Ȼǲܶ
ӵĲͻȻ뵽ʿôδ֪µϮ綾أ


17 
С֪֪жȴ֪Լδ⡭Щ̫
־ԼܹҪллġ
ʱǸȴˡ˵꣬㱧˻̫ܶĴС㣬ˮУЩɢԡ
ҺеֻߵĶǱҧһڣҺֱӽѪܾͲýˡ
ŴСϻʹˮУ˲١
ܶˣϪˮ۵̶ˮˮϴϲĶҺ
ôһϴ·͸ϼ̧ͷӾȻһֱ̲סڵʿɷ񷽱ת
üתڴʯϲҴİһ˦ĴС㡣
ڼ䣬ŴСûָ꣬˳ŷĵ߮
ָʱƺħԣôСĪڸ
С㲻ٿϪˮĬھ˦ϵˮ˿ԼľԹƵѾܴ˵ס
һֱķڵôҲԷȤˣҲ֮ˣ֪ϰʲô
˹С㴩·΢΢תͷԳЦ޵Ұ·ӣʦš˵֮󣬴Լûиҵˡ
СܲԱ֮ԣʣôΪ˽п˿𣿡
ʱ̧ۿС㡪СĹףΪ̫ͣӣ͵·Ůޡ
ǵǹ˵еЦ⣬ȴƽƽسҵĳãѪͳҲǲҵġ
С㿴ɫ΢ʱͲµԼѪͳôҲǿ˽ͷļ£
ãʦа
ʦ֪֮СЩпǿ⣬ЦʲôԹ֮·ֹһ˵õȮ졣ôãʿҲԱ˲㣿Ͷݵɽ¾ˣ
ˣƺ΢΢ŲĹ⣬΢΢Ĭһ£Գʦǿ£ԼҲա
СŪĻᣬΪһɵͽı
ҵʦţɽ¡ΪʦҾţӺˣ
С̫ãͿĲɵЩĽ¡
ʦ仹û⣬ֵʲӵĵطҲ֪ʲôʱҵʦǡ
ܹյһȱǮûŵͽǿɾ̫ӷˣ
СӦʦаȻ͵ͽТǾͿ˳ˡ
СûĳҪΪͽֱ˲̫򵥣Ҳ֮ϣôʦϾڲһܡ
νΪͽڴȤѡ
쳣ӣƺС˵ˣһ˫ɢĺڷУҲ֪ʲô̧ͷ΢ЦؿСȻɽڿ֮ˣɲʶôȻˣʦϣܵһݡ
˵֮ĵϥأŴСݡ
СȻϺеģҪΪͽʵǿοĪǰ·֪
˭֪еôʵϣȻ˵ݾͰˡ
ֱҪڻȴѾվؽʦ
ðɣͽֲӣ򲻵ʲôԿϵϾҪ׳Ҳÿ֦ɢҶ
ֲλͬΪʦһ·ϴӲɽΰҵҲˣ
뵽⣬СεظЦ˵Щ֮ԺȻڵˣһ֪ͽأ
Ҳ΢ЦؿԼոհµСʦһһͽκ٣
С븽ͽһ˷ڵĺ֣ϵЦȴ̡
κ٣ĸκĸ٣
ڵͽ˳֦ϪߵɳдԼĴ
һֺ֣ͦѵд߷ס
ǣġκ١ֱֱ֣ײСۿ
󣬴СĬΣʵ㡭ô֣
иģǷӣ֮ˣħͷܼɣôôɣҲԼκ٣
˴СĻֲܲҪ١ȥáҵȲġڸ׺ĸ˵ǵĽ١
С죬һֱڲͣת˼ɽ̵ɽٵͻȻֵƻߣͬҲСκ١ӼԾԽң
һƺ͸޾Ĺ졣
ɿʣ֪Ϊ˭
κٶԼСʦ˫ۣٴսħҵļ꣡
С㵹һ
ֻ¶аʮЦ˵ҵĸסɽϵʯӦ֪Ůȡ˺µİ֮ˣ֮󣬲ʶԼգ˹Եġκ
˵⻰ȻǸóóȻ͸ͽĹһǺЩЦȹﾪֵķӦ
ϾĸΨֱ֮Ůȣַ֮Ĵ֮ˡ
˭ͽܣʦ̮ҲԶӣ
ͬʦʵΪ˵öһ̡ǲ֪ʲôڣƲϵأ
ƽҲûôģǲ֪ΪΣ붺һ֪ðС
ԭΪԼԼģ¹ȣװУҪˣʲôá
ɺַ֣治֪ʲôжӿġ
Ǹ֪ǳĹ˷ѵҲʡպɽͷʲôãðʧصͽ
ǰĹۿãʵȴǷţ༰顪ڵʲô
κ˵˳֮󣬴СĬĬָȥ˰죬־˵ɽΪʲôô
մͽܣСѾͷķӦҲ̫Щˣ
κٲ֪ΪҪôʣЦ⽥ĵòǾסţ˰ɣ
֪Լʦʱĵľκˡ
ôʱ֮У˲Ѷˣ⵽ô£
ڴС˼ʱͻȻϴԹԣ㵱治ˣȻϹŵ񣡲ôԼ͵ʱˣѵ㲻֪񣬻صǰضҪѽȤ
С֪ڵħڸ˵ѪȻǣħаԣڲٿΪɷΪ߶ħȻȻתи졣
˵ЩħƺľǷ߲˵
ǴСȴ𾪵ûز˵ʲôĪΪǸаŵĵص˶ٶǰҪ˭
СεȴӱϸĥħĻͬʱϸϸ֣ں֪һ
Ƕǰɽô˵ľûбա
ӱʯˡ񲻾ǵħͷκ٣
ˣĻδħκ٣ǰɽĴɵĹ±
СԽԴԽۣЩһֱԼˣɽЩˡʲôˣ
κĴɵĽڡ
Сĥʣԡѹץҵģǳİɣô˵
κŽü˹ʦȷòˮҲ֪ôûĽ߰
Ƥ⣬Сգʣʲô׷
ЦЦ͵ǵ𵤣һԼԪˡʦҪҪԼ
˵꣬ԼĲңüһСΪǽĽ򣬾ȻȫǹĽ𵤣ǽĴɵļҵ׶Ϳˣ
ˣôһ˵Сܶʱˡ
ʦؼκδʱΪ͵𵤣ɽĴɵĵΧ
ʱδȵΧɽ£ƻ߶˵Ǿ߶һߺ󣬿ʼĳħ֮·
ڣʲôΪһеķչԭĴྶͥ


18 
ϸϸ룬С㽥ˣԭøĴɾһս˵ħͷκ٣ȴΪսӡ
Ϊ׹µʱ󣬶ĵƻ˫ͷߡ
ȻΪİ£κٿɴ׼ڶļӳ£ɱƻߣȴû߶
⡭иı˶ǰ£
ҧжΪ˵ħԽ񹦣ôᱻͽɱûɢʦ뿪ڣ
⡭ı½ηչ
СʹرۣƺһСĽħͷκٵĳħ֮·ˡ
Ҳ֪콫γͷ֮ˣǽǧ磬ɼ˿߰ɣ
κȴС¶ʹ飬ǺͽԵʡ
վֱӣŮЦĵص٩ôʦͽˣ
˵⻰ʱ˫ȻȻЦȴЦòôУǿ͸̬⡣
С̧ͷǿʱ˸ս룺һʱ飬ôаħ⣬ֱǷʦŲң
̷ڣסҪǺġ
Ȼ̫ĳǽԺĶΪĶжûɽڵͷ
ҪɢͽҲýˣһӽƣϾλδħףΪаŵúܣ
һˣԼҲܶɱƻߵħͷĶ֡
뵽⣬Сգգۣһ΢ЦԲԵôܣʴϻۣһǲţԣ㽫ضпΪΪʦ㡭ң
⻰κȴһӳĬˣĬĬС㡣
óСЩԲԣǲ֪Ϊû̷ڣѵ֪һմȾϱҪ޾鷳
ʵ֮ǰİʦģϥأ˸񣬴Ҫһⲻ֪ߵغСѾͷ
֪ԼĳȻڲ̬ٳҪƲϵ
ԭҲûʲôϾСܵİĺ޲ˣȨֽӰˡ
û뵽ʲôԳɽСѾͷȻƣȻѼӲͽ
УҲмģôλСʦһİɡ
뵽⣬κٻЦˣСͶݵ£Ҳң
˵С㣬ϸɰͰ͵ذһͽܺȴǼûջǡ
Ͼ֪ôطǰָ֪ʲôĺ
дС㰵κˡ˵ʮħͷƺҲûô뷽ŹϮΣͷûƲԼ
ڴСķʱκĵʵʦһ֪֣ꡭʮ˰ɣ
С΢΢̾һĵ֪˴˭ͽʦˣκǿٵضһˣ
Сʲô˼ʮ˰ɣʦ̫۲ɣ
бһۣҽдС㣬ʮߡͲ֪ˡ
챣ӣȻȹ٣Ȼûգֻмˡ
ŶκʦûͷûԵĻ̧ͷüµһ˫ƺ΢΢Ź⣬ָֻţ̽ʵʮߡ꣬ʦȻһСꡭҲǸݣ֪ʦʲôʱ򣿡
С㿴̽ĿⶨסˣȻ󻺻ЦôͽѵҪΪʦòã
˶ǰǴ׷ħͷ֪
κټʣҲ̫⣬ֻͬ΢΢ЦѰ˼ʦԺΪʦף١ʦ㣬ҲһǺõģͽҼʦ֮ƺܻΪġ
СҲͷҵİָͽȷǺܺء
κٿй֮һЦǴżĻȥǸʮ˾ɡ
ǴӶǰԽСЦôˣպʮΪŷɥħͷ
ʦͽϧЦһ
Сվ׼˺гգͽһɽˮʦͽԵֽƼˮ꣬ٸ
Ҫͽʹ˴ǱùԹ԰ͽԺоˡǰ֮ˣκߴ̫ãֻҪ̫ҷֿȽϺá
ɾʱ˵ͷȴжһκ˶ɽ£ߣǸϽȥ
Ĵɵ˱Ѱ޹ȴɽ´Ĵһ̽
κ󣬶СǸϽ߰ɣȻ߲ˡ
ǡС㿴̱ڵϵʬͻȻһ˵Ϲžߵ߶ЧҪҪȡЩţ˵պдã
ԭ켣κٱҪ߶ſлħΪһħҲ˵ֻҪ߶ôһб㶼ˮ޺ۣ̫ƽˣ
Ҳ԰Ѹɣ취ص
ߥκȥһͷûת
ϧյͽҲɵ˿ͷڻؾͷδȡ߶²̫ס
СԭҲûָħͷôúƣֻվŽĴ㡣
κһֱʦСƺʧŹֿġ
룬Լľƺ«ͻȻֻߵԴ˹ȥСľΪ֮һĬĬΪͷʹɣ͸ȥݺҧһڣ
ƺǸܵ˴ĺκٸý˿ͷʱ߻ɢͫƺɱͻȻͣݺݳκĸ첲ҧȥ
Һκּۿ죬һ¾ͽ첲˻ȻߵһŴʯͷϳԴҡ
һᣬԴһˣżͽ죬ýסú«ס߼ĶƳ߶
СϢؿţ漣û͸ͷҧκһڣһ²졣
κٵƺޱȣýסͷоյȡ߶
û߶󣬱㽫«ݸ˴С㣺
Сסˣκʲô˼
κ򱡴ʦǺҪȡЩպðɣֻҪСЩҪ߶ȻɶȲ㡣
ԭΪСҪ߶գԽһ«
СԼЩ̡ѾĻҪκٱҧһڣû뵽ȻТ˳ֻΪʦҪֻա
С߽ʦ⣬ƺûôùˡ
ڣûģȴǷκһ顣
龳ΰͽҧЩ޲ˡ
߶֣ʱܲһ£ͶΣͿκٵĳħ֮·²졣
Ҳֻһһֻκ¶ªһ棬εؽħͷԭΡ
κٴߵƻ֮··ƺ쵽˹ȿڴ
һᣬƺͽһͨЩ֪
κƺر쳣ïܵҵ۵·
СЩƣΪ·
κֱԲСʱɽ˼꣬ȻϤˡ
С⻰Ҳ˵֪ɽƻߣ
κһСʦǰ·ľ֦һЦ˵˲ʦҪΪ˱סɽֻ̲ܹһˡ
ֳΪʦ֮
ǰĸߴӣСԽƣǽҪΪħͷˣȻΪ˽թ֪Щ׷ģҲ˵ƣ֪ߣҲѣҪ汳Ŀ
УԼ÷Щ滹Ĵɵ׷룬ҪԼ·ôһ룬СĿװŽ𵤵Ĳϡ
µظȥգ۵ĹǲҾͱת뵽ԼĻС
Ϊκʶ·Ƭ̣Ǿתɽȣ׷ԶԶ
Ĵɵ˿޼͵𵤵ɽȥ׷ɽҲפء
ԵκٺʹСһϿʱסǵȥ·
κ٣ߣ
С̧ۿȥĴɷֱŰסࡢɫվǰŰɫһȺˡ
ۿȥЩ˵·ͬڵķһģһѹϴˣΪǾ׷ˡ
Щǰġ


19 
ԣôƤЩѹ֮ǰڶʮĳģ
·ʲôشࣿ
С㲻ɵõԲ۾ǰӷɿ˼
뵽ˣ˵ǵ걻κһƸٸ
Ϊ˱Լ֮𣬲ŻͶݵκٵ¡
ɱκٺָĻıֻƸѾʱɴ⽨ڣ˿ɽ棬˺ľڡ
ڵӦûƸ֪¼ٸŶԡ
ڵΪߣԶͷҲûаӡĿ͸ЩɬǿȥѾǸ˳ꡣ
ֻĿʣκаǰҲôĿˡ
СԭΪӦòʶŶԡĿǰ֮󣬶ʱβԡ
Ϊ֮߳˾ȻκٺʹСͫײԾƺ𾪵ӡ
СҲǳμĹ⾰
ʱǾֱԴС˵ģô⣿ˣ
ԭϹħʱҲ˳ֱħĴСС
ʱԪļԵߵضǰԪûȻȻŵʱϡ
ڵƤңȴǾɣشĻǡ
صǰʱҲǴһ
ǿƸϤĹãϤˣ˼һͻȻҲǲ
ԳκٵӰ֮¡
ΪڵһˣҲڱָָ㣬˵κٵĹǸСӣǸʦ֮ˡ
˷ػضǰȻϧаĹһ飬Ȼܹźƾһ֮ﵽøΪ
һΣԲκٳƸš
һķչ統һ˸֮µǰɽ½κ١
Ϊ̰棬֮ûнκСӿȻ·ȥԪ׽ԣΪĸռ͡
ǰȥ׽ԵĵǱκ˴룬Ȼκ󱻴ɽ£ȴԵ˲ħ
κٱչسɽͿɽ年ᣬ׳ʵбħ֮󣬵һǱѩޣƸðɻһ
뵽⣬ͺ޵ҪӸϽκٰڳʹ̧ͷ֮գ
Σṵ̂ȥ׽ԣԴɽ
ɷ׷ɵΧκٵʱȴһֱɽƸĵǰ
Ϊ˶ȥˣҲκٴܾˡ
ȺУƸҪǿĴӣƸʮκѪϴ¾ɾ
ԣξݣֻǴɽ£ְֻκٵɽ£߶ж֮ٴȣκ߶ʱ׾ٵһκ١
һеĴ㣬ڿСκһȻ߳ɽʱˡ
ǧ㣬ȴû㵽С㾹ȻҲԽǰһκ˻һ𣬲ҺǴ£κٰȻسɽȡ
ô£ѵΪСĳ֣ƻҲʧˣ
ڼȵ£ŻẰĻ
һڣС̲µǰʶԼģ
ӦҲǸԼһϹص񣬴Խ˶ǰ
ڴСԵκٿ˿Ȼʶ꣬ɿĴţӦƸˡ
ֱŴСӣƺ˼кôһεĶԹ
κٳ΢΢̽ŶˣС㣺ôʶƸˣ
Сζӳ£Լػشˣһʱ֪˵
ɾʱСشɵ˿κ٣㱼һӵϣţˣӣ
κٳ齣ӭսС΢΢ԱһѾӾͿʼɽܡ
Ҳκˣֱ׷ϴС㣬һס󣬽㶼ʲô㻰Ĳش𣿡
СĿκϾ˼ߣҲسסӣҧгݵһҪأʲôôֹط
⧲Ǽײ΢죬ɴ೶յɽսǣô򶷵ȺԶЩʱŽǲ͵õ񣿡
ҲʴϹɽɽ񡣡ɽǰ˰ߵģΪ硢ۼǺҹ
Ϲƿްʱ֮
С뵽ͬɽѰ񡭡ѵе
С㲢ϣƶ
޺޵˴Сĺ£Ȼķӡҵ治ýǸӹŴáǬߵػضǰκ˵¸ɱ¾ȫµ
ӭĴڹС㷭˸ۡһ˿ɸɲشϵúòа
֣Сܵܣ˵ЩɵץңôǵĻأǴ͵ʱʦôЩȥ
Ѿò٩ˣŮƤȻܵܣ촽Ѿһߣúóͽһ
ɷ䣬ѾоԼڵϢûбѾͷࡣ
ϾǶǰϢʵ̫ǳϵϢ֮ҲҪЩʱպͻԵߡ
ҲΪˣħԷ֮ࡣֺѹӯûᵽˡ
ѸȨףǾһá
С㣬ôģΥĴڣȻǼŻȥˡ
뵽⣬ЦһҡҪȽѺƸںɽ˵ʶȤɱκ֮󣬻һὫͻȥڴ֮ǰܽдСй¶ĺ¡
ͻȻãҪץסСٷ˯ѨǶǰضָ֣ɴ͸Ѩλ
΢һ̧֣С쵽ˡ
⼸մʱҪڵħ鿹⣬֮١ڹȵʱΪ߶Եʣٴõ֮ʱӿʱ
Ķ죬Сȴ΢˵ĶжԴ֮СҲˣشҲ˦߰ͷķˣ
񵲵úѸ٣ɴ̧Ķӡ
һ㡣ǿץס˴СĽףȻסһҧгݵ㵽׻벻ȥˣ
С㿴΢΢ǺڵȻΪߣ͸ЩǸ¾ƿеɵˡ
Ҳȥôһб㶼Сȷ֣ƽ͵غ̺
Ҳ֪ʱסС㣬Ҳ˴С˵κټֻ
ڴС˵ĹҲˣȻΪСԵʣκûи˱ҧòˣ
ν棬ʡԵ㲻١
Σκٴʧ˳ħͲܳΪħףûƸ
Ϊӵж䣬һжǼ죬ֻҪʱգͰ࣬ȻƾƸٸݣɶ
һΣκ٣Ҳ˵߱ʦκλˣ


20 
С㲢֪뷨Լ벻ȥֻǻش𣺡ҵȻȥ֪Ǹģ
ϵķӡʦģʦδ¹ֻƬȻҲˣôһжðˣֻҪõ񣬶һ±ˡ
ȴ˵񵱳κѰصģ֪ںδ
С⻰ɵһʧĵѵҪȵκѰԼܻȥ
ʱ˳ǵķߺˣκǸ֪ʲôӣɽɽ׷ˣȫжˣ
ԭŴСκɽƻ񶷵ʱ򣬷ɽĴɵӵע⡣
ڴСκ뿪ɽȺ󣬱Ԧɽ¡ϧƻ߶ĶδɢЩ˷׷Уز
ɽϵңңʹ˲ȥ㽫ͬж飬κ֮˵ϡ
С˵ֱҪͣˮߵ֭Щ˽ⶾ
տ˵ϼ䣬˱۳µۼκ˵ԣκܣһģٸסŮĪҪˣ
ۿκٵĻˮҪԼϣС㲢ţΪ֮ߣæ͵λƺЩᣬɽ²ƻĶԵλͬšλʧĽ𵤣Ѿλûأ͹黹ˡ
˵ţֽ̧Լ˳ĲӸ˶һɫ·֮ˣλ𵤶棬ʹԭˡ⣬͵ҲƼˮ꣬˼ûҵ£λǡ
ǡʱһɫӰڿգֱֱԾȺֱҪСǴӽ𵤡
ϧǳһۿŴС㽫ĲӸĴɵˡ
ԭκٷŷԼĲҲ֪ʲôʱת˴СۿȻԼ𵤹黹ˣǲá
ΪŭκϵıҲߴ³ڷƮɢб۵˵ʱ򣬵ɫͫ˸ұĹ⣬֮ͦ±΢΢𣬳ĵúÿ°ʹ޾Ȼ
С㱻ɵЩŤͷܡ
תһ룬ǽߣ黹ʧкβԣŤͷҲʾκ١
ˮһһŭˡСӾˣҲӢˣǶ˱ЩԳ֡
Ůȵĺˣüۼ䶼ǵߵķ顣
СЩϽƿĿ⣬Ĭʦ䡣
㱻ԻĲֹסһֻĴඨŮͽҲճտκ٣ƺЩƲۣЩƺɫض
ڴС㻹ûаסɫȻʱκͻȻϵŭݣǰһס˴С֣ʦҲ㣬һǣŲò黹𵤡Ҫ£ͽȥ
˵꣬㻷ܵĽڣκٵĶʦ˭۸
ۿյɱ֮ٴγԼǰ޵ѹֱֱκٺСʦŵػصС㡣
ſû˵κΪͽ飡ǷˣħͷҲգ
СҲû뵽κ˻ͻȻ໴һ㣬ԼĴɵ棬޼ɵؽʦ
һʱ䣬κٵд⧲
ʱղΧκٵɵҲ׷׸ŵСѾͷʦ¾Ȼиκٵɣǳʶ
κһ۴С㣬͵ԼĽ𵤣ʵɺޣһһʦɽšС㣡
˶һ㶣Ȼ췢ЦʲôƨڣûκԼĽڰɣʦôСѾͷƬӣ
ЦһƬ˶Цòѡ
Ҳѹ֣ڶǰûаκΪʦûŻɽڡ
ôƾðɣǰèԲ찡
һƬЦС찵̾ʦҶԲס˼ң˶Ҫǰˣ
κ٣ʱţֱǸɽĨڰھϣֻҲš
Ϊ˳Цڣ̾ϢһЩͨͳ˻ˮֵָЦǰϵ˵ͷһƬꡣ
ưô꣬һӽ˽ǱҲ׷ֹס˴Ц
ķҪЩΪͲСȴˡѵĲ֪ʲôʱð˸ɽڣ
ɽ֮ǰһǴ֮ãûʲôеóŵ
С¶ִˮ֮ʱסǰĴˡ
λЦˣ˵С㵥ִ˸ָֹסȻµġꡱ
˵ͽӣ˴λⲻˣѾ黹˽𵤣λ˴һΣҪλҪӣκ⺢취ոң
ΣٶԶ࣬ԼĪħͷһ㿪˵ʶҲš
ɽ¾һķϣСӲͷƤʻˮҪκʱȷܹⳡ˾ȰĴɡҺƣҲôˡ
κʶ࣬ҧʶģ
κȻ̫ʶ࣬СʾĻ뿪˵ȴԼµŮʦݺһѡ
Сʦ۽ǵǿźֱҪγѪбκٵǣҶһ䣬ھι߶죡
ֻϧĳԲɵĴۣôЩŮϢĿɰ
κб۴Ҳ֪ʲô⣬üûٿ˵
˵ǸɫߣǽƸĵڶɣľڵĳϡ
ѹû뵽ųƷС󷽳κ͵ԣֺԥع黹˽𵤡
ͷ߬һʪյĺ룬νֲЦˣ˼ҼȻˣٿȥƺû˼ˡСѾͷô˵ͻꣿûϴ·Ǻã
ľ峤ϴϡ࣬ϽȥºȾʱڵǱץˣ˻ӦõġݺݳͽһᣬĴɵĵȥɣ
⻰ɵҲ߽ӿڣͣʾҪϳκٺͽΪʦ
С㿴ˣҪʺżء
ǵκ٣С㻹Ȩǿͣǰ˹¡
κٶɽڵţС㲻ۿʦͷͨһǰķУҪһ¡
ɤӵĹ򣬵κ٣û£͵˼ҵĽ
κٴ䳤Ľëͷ˿ƺͷͦȤģʵش𵤣ĸ׵ѪΪ
һ⻰СʱȻΪʦؼ￴ƷҩĽܡ
κٵĸŮȡŮ˵ߵȻ˼аഺ֮Ѫб֮ഺĹЧ
еŮȣԴפٵѪ
޵֮ˣܵõŮȵѪҺô𵤵ҲǴ
ĴΧɽʱ˵ǸߵŮۿŵѪе쳤εѪҰ
ʱĴɵҪŮȣĹƤϧǱˡ
ҰŮѪȴĴɵռȲؿ¯
ģȻҪʮһĽ𵤡˭뵽ʮ֮ڸյûȿ¯ӣͱĳκ٣͵øɸɾ
κٵĽͣСһ˿֮ġ
ԭ˼ȹ黹ƽϢĴɵŭ˳ʦκƷвˣȻĴɵ棬κʦţʹ˸κٶϵøɾ
κԺٴʲôˣɽ޹ء
û뵽κ͵𵤵ԭ򣬾ΪһТ֣


21 
СˣԼò֪ǰκٽ𵤹黹
κˣԼĸ׵ĿѪᣬΪе̲֮
Сʱ˿ԼӦκٻޣκʱƺƽ￴˲Ϊ֪ʹ
κһʧ˸ĸС㣬ûԣԶ˾̿ڵ֪λ˼ĸ׵ѪҺʱǾǲã˼֮˼ַҪأȻռҲغɱǲã͵
̧ͷͽܣĸ׿ԸѪĴɵ
κû뵽Сʦô󣬾ȻôŵĻȥĴɵˡ
СżЦ⣬֮𲻹죬иõĵ
Сͷ㿴˼ҲԸķϣǹ黹˽𵤡֮ˣҪЩɰͷӵĵλΪ¿֪
⡭Ĵɵ˶ò㷭ۡ
һŮ֮ѪþˣôҪʲ
ѵÿγǰҪܵȦʷԸԸⰤӣ
ʲӵҰȻҪΪͽǿͷˡ
Щԭͱ꽽ͷС㵹һҵǿʶʱŭɶŮϣ˵ö֮ʲô
ǣƸ֮ɵĵӣŭΧ׼һʦͽ
С㷢꣬ЩһֻҪڼ˼ͿԶһǿ˳۵Ķɱ
ڱΧŹǰСϽκС˵һԲס֪ǽ𵤵ĵʣ֪ǾύĴɵ˵ġ
κЩؿС㡣СʵܻӦòµԼʦ⣬Ҫ»ˮ
û뵽Լ˵͵𵤵Եɣȴ۽Ǻᣬƺúܣǳ˵Ĵɡ
ôСѾͷʵ̫⡭ȻɵģͲҪٱ˴ˣȻԺ˻Ҫӡ
뵽⣬κһ˦ӣٴθ񵲿Χһ߸񵲵ʱһССѰ˻ᣬӰɣ
̬С㶼Ҫ˸ˡҪǲԼߺʲôʦĪ¡֮ززˣ
ԼĴ֮ԣħͷģǲ׼һ𰤴ˡ
Ϊκٵ赲С㹦ˣǴ˵κٵԶΧȺ
ۿΧκ֮ԽԽ࣬СЩԥͽһ᲻ֱȥ
ûƻߵڵ˵˲Σôɽȥ
ȻħͷܹҪһˣѰ񣿵ʱλص
˼ת䣬ȴκ˶ջͷ˵ߣ
ˣȻĹССڽͷ䣬ҲԶΪΪκһͷǴ⣬ôƲκһܡ
ô˵ҲʦƳ𾴵ĶʦҲԼİʦ棡
ʦϣͽҾһɡ
ȻСֳͷҲԲ³ġΪԼڵĽȻԻˮΪҲܳλ߿⡣
ĴȻݣȴκٵ°ܽ
ǿĹҲж̰š֪ڣͿԴݺܶˡ
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СǰһۣЩĴɶǸɣȻҲġ
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Ͼ³ܵĶǸɵĵӣΪߣɵԡ
ٵκȻýϾ޵ĶҰ·ӣûг򣬴ʱѾƶദðѪ
С֪Ų̫ãѣעŵĸѨλ֮䣬ɻڣһ𣬱׻ӳʱľҪ֮ӲӲΣǼӶνӲֻҪһΣɼ룬ǵĽ࣡ѽɽܰôǣشĴ򷨣˥ܱʱٴͺˡ
ʱΧκٵĴźľ塢ɽĵǡ
ƸĵӣһֱסҲҪ³ۻֻȥβ
κ˴СѣﾪˣҲ֮ıԡ
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κһƽ˶ԷʱȴԾǸСʦȻһӱƽɾĽôⱾ£
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ܿΧһ˵̬ƿʼŤתźľĵӽӶκٵ㵹
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ʱСѧʦ߳ƣη紵β˫ָ󣬱Ŀ΢ٲȻõɰĲɫ
ССĹһʦȣȥɲ⡣
Ҫ͵ϮҲҪһ£λָͽܴܶı»˵ã
ΪڵĳϣǵȻԼҵŶ̰壬ЩŴ󶼺ܺõڻڵ˹ʽΪĴܣϣԿ
ⲻ֪ðСô˽ô˵ƽ֮
ᣬѵǻ棿Ƭ̵ĹӦ֮
ɽڣʲôԻɣ
ӣԽԽľﵹμסɽڵţ׼ȥ˺úô̽һ£ǰɵʲôͷСĳĸˣ
˵С㣬Ƶĸͷʵһֱڹཿ棬ôճ
ˣκȻӦԵģڻûħϢޣά̫áĴһֱսκٳҲܡ
ҡǸƸһֱûгսأ뵽⣬һۿԼﵹ⡣
κٻһ˥ߵɽĵӣɤӣڵٸɵĵӳǰԼȴŵһԿ֣Щصɣνһңɽɣҵĵӷ˴ԵѵǣʲôǷǵõǹѪأǸٶЩ£ٸλϺúġ
κھҲĴɵӵĶֻ֣ѰЩ˸סˡ
ǳǺƸҲ³κڹǵֵסġ
乥֮󣬱ĵ
ҪȵС˼ٸĴɵĺúһġ
κȴ߸üëһٶСѾͷеõͦ˳ڣ


22 
Сʱ˲áٶ񣬽Ÿո֧ţƤųȴϽȰĴɡ
ѾҪ˽𵤣κڻûгΪħ߲˻Ǵص⣬û˷ҪΪ͵𵤶ɱˡ
һת˵ע
ۿŴСĻãλĿͶݹĬĬָƸԹۡ
ٴһС㣬࣡Ҫˮ˶ƸĲ
ɣһȺں֮ڣһãǶѹЩ˵İģֻһ˾ʰǰκ١
ɶƸĲҲûзϡµһϰ߸ѧС΢ֺˡ
ԣͶĿ⣬Ҳ߳䣬ɫȻ̹Ȼȵز˵
ӣǸ̹ȻˣĵƸٸȻ黫֮߻ʹˣ
뵽⣬Ҳ׷׺صӲٴˡϾԼҵϵ׶˸һһˣٴȥ˵ǸڵĴܿʲôƽŵ
ǵøϽȥ޲Լҷ©Ȼж֮ã롣
ľ峤ȵλȻ˵Ҫúѵӣǽձ㵽ΪֹѾûأҲҪڴ˵ˣϾԵﻹλǽ𵤷ַ֣͸Իȥɣ
Сһ⻰˿ĵǶȹһء
ɻûȣͽܽٶͻȻ˦ΧŵĳޣֻžһǱӾȻһǶϮȥľ峤Ĳһ¾ס
ǲڿշ𣬲˴С
κٵ󣬲ҲѣſŽ𵤴ѵĲ˳Сơ
ڣ˲仯Ϊҽ紵Ĵǡ
κԭؽ𵤣ԴҪЮˣ˳볡
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̲סСһĴָʦ¸׳нԼ·
ӣԭ׼볡ǣԲ۾޲һߵʦͽ
СҲɵۣεسλЦЦšʵҲǹģλҽ͡
𵤹ϵΪʮѪȻǸʲôڵĴСΪ˻ҽɷҲ
ʱɫظߵһ
ڻãƼСκһһ
ŭֻҪȫΧκٲҲˡ
Ȼƻκ޳ħ
СΪֻܿɵղѾɫؿκٵʽҲΪΪ̵Ĳ㡣
ǰʦ𣬻ǸţƾҰ·ѾСϧ㣬Ϊ̣
һΣκٳħĻᶼκȻ΢ȥɡ
ƸĵӿᣬͷһʦͽǱΪ飬ҽ𵤣ҵƲ
ŭٴεȼĴٴһϣβǵǣųҲ׷ʦͽΧס
Сһ̣ͷ۵κȲƷǸǻ¨ӣ
ѹħѪȷ硣ô죿̣ˣֻĴҪκ뵽¯
⽣ţǧһ֮ʱɽͻȻॴ̶Ľ
·ӵصðһͻȻһȺ׵ʿĴɵŰΧסˡ
Ϊ׵Ǹģˣĸߴ󣬷·ĴɵĽڵλɽˣ˷ɱҵĵ
Ǹľڳϴһ£Щ˵״źɫ۽ħӡȭڵ߿ǽħ֮ˣ
˿ڵҵʮ˴壬ɽ˾أ˵Ȳڣ
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Ҽ͵Ůȣҵºһ£Ĵɡ
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飬ȷֲԸҵԸлѪȾɽ¡
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ĴӴ󶼲ҵϸֻóŮԻ֮ǳ׶ˣξ֮У
мëͷСӣ׼һήħҡ
꣬Ȼ³
ɽʮң˾֮ŴʱȫûѪ⾡ǱιħһҴ棡
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ҲΪҾ磬ɺ˾ģʦһʦκ١
κԣܶԹʹɱֵģֱ޲磡ħŰΣӣ
κħ֮ʣʦãɱħ
ˣҲЦ
ǲ֪֮˾֮Ż᲻ᱻκĳ֮͵͵򿪡ЩҲ·ˡ
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Ƹ󼸸ӿһۣٸʾʱԼͬƵҪκ١
Ҽ岢ûжͻȻһģһŮһ˫̥
ֻͬףŵġȴǳ׶һļ̡
κٵǰ棬סƸĵʱ˫̥һģһϺޱ飬ĿЩն͸˵Ĺ졣
ǼܽŮ޿һǰ赲׼ŮӡɽƸһϺãƸɽĵҲ
ɽ֮ǲɼΧ֮Ϊáǵܣ˫ֻŤѸγܣֱֱŮײȥ
ΪŮޱضҪʱŮͬʱжŰԾ
ֻǾĹײĶȥͬʱһֻŵһգͻȻ˰ڽĹצ
צ˶ڷצȻճȭ紸һ㣬Ů޻ӶŹײĶȥ
̶ֻġॡײĶȻ紸һĹצݺҽС
ԭεܣȻֳԵѺۣڵ϶䣬ʳѪѷϿ֮·ظ֮ţƺǧԩʿ޺
δϵײһ˶ס˶䣬ˡ
ƸĵӻǿҪ̣ŮٴˢˢĹצùײĶǵŴϮȥ
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һ̣⼸ɫ԰ף󺹵תȴɸˤڵء
ľڵĳϼɫ䣬͵˵⡭ѵҵĻԦ
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ŮͲ󣬿ɻԦȻѾ˵ãôҵ˵ʵǲС
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СŮ޳սҲҪɽ𻢡ӣ˸ңаˡ
飬ʵΪħңÿһųصΣǴ类ŮԵʧ˱ģ
Һ˵ְȻԸлԴˣҵֻĬϣûи档
ĴɻΪǵĹˣѵǾĴɵűŲ
ĴɵűƣЩ浱ֻǿͷĸˡ
ȻĴҲȫǲ֪ߵغ󱲣ľĳϱ֪˲ǵĸɡ
ۿƸɽӣľĳϳԲЩ󱲣ϵҵļ¡ȻҵԵԭκһΣֻϣԺϴĸ棬鷸ơٸˣǻǸԻȥɡϾɽ֮ɱ¾̫ʢʧʵڲס
꣬Ҳ˾Ų򿪵ֻֻû뵽ҾȻɲ⡣
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ȻһЩӴܳΪ׵ĽĴħҲɱ
Ϊµһڻ
ϸϸ˾ŵ걻򿪵ͻȻպϵҲͻأ
ڼ䣬ƺҲֻκһ˶ɽʲôҲֻһ֪
ڴԽضǰĲдСı
СȻκٵͽܡ⻹ǺӸèʦҪˣ
֮ǰļκΪ͵𵤱Ĵ׷쵽ɽ£˿ɴͷβû¶棬Ĵɵ˽κٴɽ°
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ӣħͷûȣǲԼ뿪ġ
뵽⣬˵עڽħʱͻȻԾ𣬿С㣬ͬʱóһеһ˿һ˴Сһֻϡ
⸱Щãۣ˼壬һûףҪһݣκε
ͨħġ´С㲻ϸԼߣס˴С󣬱㽫һԼϡ
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ӡҲЩڣֻҧߣҾͽ⿪ȻĻֻԶۣſɸֿ
С㷢شв˾Ͳ˵ûشκȴ˵ôʦΪ£
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С㶼ҪĻˡ꣬СģˣƤôˣ
͵ʲôòǿħɣ
κȴۿʦ˵˲ҪҪǿȢҿ᲻Ǹ£׽֮ŽӼ˵Ĺ
СҲ˲Ȼڽӵٶ⡭㶼ˣ
ĿٴǺ죬û뵽صǰƬ̵Ĺ򣬴СȻĸħͷ˵
κʧɢ֪̫Ҳ޻̸ˣ
ǣǰСʵµһڵĸ߰ݲŴСѡ
κٱһ˵ɿƸɫȴӣ̲סЩʧЦ
̲ס´꣬룺ĺӣȻȢˣƸ߻ЩɫǻľҷλνٸҲ̫˰ɣ
κٴԼ翴ͽһ㣬͡
ԭʦͽԵһĶˣҵĶǰǴ۵СۣƺһԽʦͽԵ
Сô˻ᣬĴɵ棬ӣˣǲ޸ģģҪپˣ
⻰һ˶ڲ죡ڳŮǣ˭˲֪Ƹٸɰɾ
û뵽˽ﾹȻҲŮô򡭡
ʱѾͨ죬ȥ󰮲õɡ
֪ҳԼҲ󲻵ˣҲʱߴС㣬ǲڴǷ¿֮
ԴСðȻôһҾͳȫ㡣ˣɱңΪ֮мǣй¶߲к³ģ


23 
˵⻰Ƹĵɽȥˡ
ȻΪСĳ֣˶ǰԭĹ켣κִʧƻ߶κһˡ
˷괩ǰʱȴԼħѾʧˡ
ҪϽȥħѰءϾӵػһεĻֻҪúðգΪҲҪȶǰκٻҪͿҪЩ
ڴС㣬ѾͷӶؾĺ⣬Ƿĳʯͷ
ǲ𣿺ð֪۵Ǿúܰɣ
Ҫ´ټ᲻Լۡ
Сһ˵߾ߣߺôôˣǽԿ
ϧٸߵǽһƮƮת۵ĹߵûӰˡ
һͷƸˣ±ЩȤˡ
ЩҪӵģҵļЩݻ󣬱볡ˡ
Щ߾СҲŵĨͣһκһͻ졣
СԼ䣬˵żɫӡ
ȥʱӾȻ˿ҵʱܸоӿ·һ㣬Ѱ
κýȥֻ⵱һǰƽȻˡ
СԴˡ
֪ⶫý⣬ȴκħͷһʲôģ
κټһʱⲻ㳶˳Сĸ첲뿪ɡ
ûߣͱҵļסˡ
ֻĴ׳Ƕݺݵصκ٣Ͽ´˴СȻ⿪ڵ·ˣ㡭ٵʦ
κС㿪ǰ˶ǰɫǸ׵ļգֻݸס뿪λ徻ˡ
ƺҵˣɴۣ쵰ô˵ģĸҾ㣬㱻Ĵʹһ١
û꣬ɽ´ȴΡΡĺ٣ĸ밡
ֻ׳긾̧һӣ̤ݣһ·ɳ۶
£һֻĳߵϸͬһӽϱ
ϸް˪Ժǿŷ٣ƣƺˡ
ͷСƫƫŸҪߵķͷȣôȥͷյ٪㻬
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СһԿɵۡôСĸˣȻĸףôһߴĶ
ĸףϸ˾κٵĸˣ
ڴСǰ֪ħͷ¼ƺûħͷ׵һΣҴʼնκƲϵûгϹա
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ܿ죬Сʹλ֪˴𰸡
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˵⣬ƺԼĴӣۺᣬӽٶ
СΪκһղҲȸκһĸͷѵ
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ĸһҵļҲ÷ӡȻ忴ŲκɽҲֻܴһԣžˡ
Ϊ³¯ʦСҲõĽӴ
С֪Լϵ仹ڣýһˣû˼λͬŵİģԷܳ⡣
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˵ʱŻαһĵǰܲܳɸ
٪ĸǺϲСĲСڣ˶˷ĹϹȻзۣЦ˵ҽħңһֱп˾ְΪ˾䣬ҪԵʳҲЩеˣСҪʳ֮һӦղųԵϺٽۺģѰ˳ϼڣҪĵŻ²ֹʹȥǹô࣬ȴ״ͨʵС
˵ʱ̫΢΢̧ͷͻȻ͸оħԣ֪ôһ£
˵⻰ʱ̫̫ϺͰĳЦͲɱ˲ֱӡ
ȻֻĳһȻְȶĸʨĸо
Сһ죬κٸղһֱȵԵˡ
ҵķˣ治̫أ
̫Ļ䣬ܵҲ׷׳彣˴СĲϡ
صɽ£ѹ˾ǧħħصķӡ롣
ڵļȻ壬ʵʻȴɱһŵĸ
һͲϲͬѰħԡ˶ˮϺ̽
һ֮£ȻΣȻηһӳô࣡
ССͣϧģȻѾħԳɽСѾͷʲô·
κһԣµһƣڴСô۾ʱȻ˵سңһȻһﲱơ
ɹֲŲ㽫ЬҪߵˣֹá


24 
ʵκپʱ˴С㡣
Լս𵤵ϣܲܿСС˳Ի˶ӡ
ڿһֻϺȻҲˡ
κҲܺ棬Լνʦʲô·Ϊδ͸˵ĹΥ͡
ʱڰɽ϶ãƺƾձͻȻǰ
ѵĸǰ㣬ħҪҽ
κֹ䣬ҿʦʲôó顣
СûôˡڳԱʱѪθҲ˯Щ
Ǵ÷֮ʱȴڲϡ
Сٴθпǰ治˴ĵطһͽܽٶտֵĵУСҲָ֪
óٶ۵ӱȿʼ죬̱ŬӦ֮ߡ
ǰ常֪ΧڽֽǶٴΣҲ߽ر
ܲʱСٻţȥҲ̹Ȼӡ
ƣĸͣĵǸħʱķ緶أ
СҲö⣺ȣʵʵ˵ȻĻ˵ԼǶһСģȻ˵һҵλµħͷͿ̿ȰΪ³֮
šС㶼ʵ̫ħã˽ܲˣᣬΣԼ
Ȼʵ˵Ǿ͵΢һ£ٵ
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˵⻰ʱתͷһƵİͽӵסһ֣ϸָץġ
ͽȻԱô̵ؿЦ
㿴Ƕǰ֣ҲôԹۡôǿͣĴ֮
Ǹоĵʹ⣬⿴ʦ΢΢Ȧ쳾̬κٻҪΪ߷ڣһ˸أ
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˵⻰ʱŵͬ峤ҲԼͬŭκ٣ȻҲΪǰ뿪ͻȻ׼ûʲô¡
κٵϰˡңһֱ࣬ĸ⣬Ϊˮޡ
˿ʹȵĹǱν˻ɰЩħͽܣ
һչۣʣľҺһԵĻԣҲһֻۣǶĸħҵĹϵѾ˸ףˡȻҵʦȻҲڴͣĸౣأ
˵վչһӴһһӱ㽫С㲱ϵĵˡ
ȻСץĵƣ˳ƽСסҪߡ
С⧲ߴһͷײĻС
κٿžݣǻ⣬ײСǼⶼЩۡ
վסȴסκ١
ȻĸվǸԼͷĽȣŶ˴Сǰ
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ĸܣƹľϡ档
̫̫ŲģС·ڵĵطƺ˸顣
ƣĵĹҲөһɢȻ˵šѾͷû˵ѣڵȷһħ顭ƺߣһʱްڴ̫ãڵΪѹƲסҪΪءôħģһôãôûвôаŵħΪң
СĵȻ֪ħĴģȻаˣ
Ȼᣬæ˵ڣ֪ʲôӣܽħƳ
зۣһС㣬΢΢һЦûȫ˵ʵҲʱﲻ㰡Ź㾭ħԲСѾɢ֫ٺÿʮʱҪһΡмѹƶԵĵ裬ŵùңȥԣܲʱӳԵķ
˼ҸӲߣƺǱ׹ģúܣһӾͿС֮
С֪Լ֮˵̫̫ϸԼѹƶԵҩ˵ʱԼħ
æӹҩ裬ĳлڡ
ʱתһ֧糤ںڷĹײĶ֣صݸκ١
٣һμ໤ħ㵱ǵ˽ħΣҪԥһҪն궤ǶǣǧĴ
СĿɿڴؿǳĹײĶӣһʱ֪òøɰ𣬱Ͼ˼ҸղŻĵظҩš
ǵ棬ö֮ؽôŪǲЩò
ĸüĿسЦƺֽȱʧڸˡ
Сֻ̾ҲЦԸͽܽٶϽײĶպãŪˣͲˡ
̫̫Ҫص㽻κٵ飬ɱʦ֤ô򵥡
κٽӹǹײĶּ˵㵽˵ΡǰЩӣֻʳʬܳˣ㸸ףó׽ЩޣܰץҲͲòˡ
κšʳʬޡʱ̲סתͷ壬üܰɣμһС΢ҸҪְصö࣬Ŀ£ôʳʬܳ˾
⻰ٴεԲ۾ǻûŭ⣬ٴαĸϡ
ùκٵĶͷȻ⺢Ӱѵǵ죬ģȴǼĳ˵Ȼɱƻߣ㸸׵ķɡţ£һʳʬޣҲܱͿ̿һӣԸ⣿
ʵĸȱ˰æֻϣֶһ£ҲñǰӡٶҲˣֶֹ£ǰᣬ£
ûκٻشѾ˵ĸףСºαԻᾡץޣҪ߾߰ɣ
ĸ̲ס̾Ϊϴ岻ǨŭŮȣŶ⺢Ҳ̫ƣĹܽҪȱ˸
СʱãʲôȵЩ󣬲֪Ӻδ֪ԼΪ𷣶뿪ɽ
һΣȥС쵰ȻԼգҪҾѡ
Ҳ뿪Լֶģĸ˵˿ա
κĻ΢΢һᣬٴĸ֮󣬱СͷҲصˡ
ڿκ廹ǰֲϣᡣ
΢΢̾˿ĿȴɵıӰϡ
ٶǺһԸ壬˭ϲôտţǸǸСǺ˳
ѵһǵİݸСʦˣ
˵С㱻κһ·ߣȴʦؼᵽʳʬޡĶС
˾ޣƽϲʳһΪ˲
֮ΪаӶһͿ̿Դãʬѳʳ
κ߶ɽ붾Կ⡣ƻߵʬ˸ոմ˾ݳʳʬޡ
ʦɽɽȲҩɺÿʳʬϮڴκٵΡ
֣Ҫκٻʳʬޣȴʳʬˣڷ
ҺõʱκѾ˻˴߶ֻʳʬޡκٸ֣ͽܡ
뵽⣬С˸顪뵽һҪ顣
±仯κȴɽС
ʳʬٶǰһ㣬ƻߵʬȥ⣬ʦҪ䵥£ʳʬ
ʱʦһ鷲ˣΪĻ׶༪٣
иκٵСʹ˺ʦײǽҲˣ
뵽⣬С㼱κٵˣܾܾ²˳٣ʦͽЯ֣һȥѰʳʬްɣ
κü̫ҲǹŵȳˡҪ֪ǰһ̻õĲأһȴ˵Ҫ˵æ
뵽⣬κ̧ͷ˼Ҷ˵ˣֺαûȤ
ͷÿе֣ƫƫøС˩һֻ
Сֱֻ̫ܱѾˡ
ָ߾٣ȵκٵϣִֻӲʵţιһֻͷ𣿡
κЦˣ¶ĻصͷСЩ΢΢Ǻ
ҲѹƸλٸҪȻէֻˣ֮ˣ͸ˮǵĴۣͦɵıӣǺͿġ
ǵ˵ʱ΢΢𣬻ֿɰġǸղżģظĸʱͻ
С㲢֪Լİͽˮֻһ˵κٸȥɽȾʦ
Ǳ˨һҲֲκȥСҲ߲á
ްҵ˼С㲻ЩʱκٺȻҪɽߡ
С㲻ˣ˦κ֣Ůܲףôҵ֣
κٿ˿Լıٵָӡӻûأ㽫ƾٵСǰöʦϸˣ⼸ӡǲܿ׵ӡ
С֪yihuaʲô˼ûĥ˭ռ˭ıˣæͽܣʦˡʦ˶ǸɽǸƻߴ򶷵ʱ򶪵ģⶫҲҪҵûȥң
κЦŶʦƱõ̧ͷһⴵķ磬ðųԵ̫࣬һɢһʳ


25 
˵·ʦͽ˷ɢʳǴСļ٣޲һӷȥɽȣȻǲĴҴҡ
κЩ⣬ʵ㶪ĶҪܼӣ
Сקקߴκ߿ЩҽȻҪ
ԴͶ͵ٶǰʮҲǷӵ˼£²˳
ùЩνɾԲǣʦ
ôţµĲĸЩ
ͻȻһֱֻ쵽ϣȻ˶κٵһֻ̣磬κپȻڲݴϷ
С֪ʱκٻû޳ħû뵽Ѿ˵á
κ٣ѵҲѧģ
κٽ͵оλܣ̸ҿھĥձˡ
Сʦἰκħ̫֮ǰѷӣѧ˵ܱȣڻͨ£Գһɡ
ûħٰݵʦĻֻΪɾҲС֮Ҳ¡
ڵΪˡѹҲ̲κʲôԼΪʦôĽƵĳɷ־Ӷࡣ
ĹκѾСٴ߱ߵɽȡ
ʱɫߵʬ廹һɢѪ̱ȳζ
ֵǣôһ߸ʬȴûɡ⴦ɽȣȻҹĽûС
С²ƻߵ߶̫Եڣ߳׷ױá
ʳʬȴһаŵĴڣʳ˼һи⣬ԽǶõʬ壬Խϲ
ⲻʱͻаɱ¾ʬɶѹá
ֻôŨصȳζΪλûʳʬޣʦأûԭĹ켣д⴦ɽȣ
ʱС㷢κס߸Ҳ˳κٵĿȥ
ȻʱɽһƬİС۾ڳˣһӾͿ߸Ĳס
ԭ߸ҵģڰҹƺһһһ
ߡѵˣ
ԣĶж
СѸٺκٶһۡκĬĬԼӣСͳ˻Ļˮ
ʱ߶һģѵ߸һֻݹĶֻƹǹͷСһĴ졣
ʱ¶մճѪһŴߵѪһСκ١
̧˱紫ζʱ۾ƺϲĹ⣬·𿴵Ϻõ⡣
κٻӶӳʱȴһһԵϪˮ˸ϴȥϵѪˮӱ͸ܿʧˡ
С֪ˣ⹷Ķʳʬޣԭʱ켣ߵ
ǡʦ
ʳʬʧСϵë׶Ҫˡ֪޲ûȥĳ䣬κٻ
뵽⣬˻ˮóһˮԲȦסԼκ٣ȻˮȦ±š
ҲǶǰ̫ҪӶС㷢Լٿˮֱ࣬ǵӦˣˮƽơ
κ̲סͷؿԼСʦˮİϷÿգʦ㲦㲦ͽҡ
δĴħͷͳС죬ʦĶڰ
ϧСֻȳδĶʦȻŪʲӵۣԶԶ㿪ħͷˡ
κֽһʦͽ飬ȫص档
ʱϽǵˮͻȻʲôضˣˮĳ£һֱͼ˵ʳʬˣ
ƺҲ˼֣ҪЩ֣ͻȻͷţ˻졣
һ̣ط쿪ѣһɻƵð۳ȥ˫ͷߵģȻ̾ʳʬ޵ϡ
Ƶһ˲䣬ʳʬ޵һ˼ͷ­ѣ
С㵹һĸ˵ʳʬ޻Ϳ̿ԭ
ԭɸ⣬ὫʬĻ֮ռΪУɻ
аΪ˼䣬ǧ֮󣬻Ļ֮ǶôĿ£
ȻƻߵĻӳ֣ȴûóȻˣթĲһ㣬˦һĳβŲӣƶŶˣƺѰ
ʱͻȻȻһҽУһ˴Ӹ߸ߵİɽˤ
ﻹŻѣˤʱɲɵģһӾ˦ʳʬ޵ϡ
ʳʬޱգ۵ؽһȻ˦ͷԴֱֱˤˡ
Ż⣬С㿴ƺǸ׾ͷϴеŵһѲҩĳͷ
˸СʦһҲһ
ϾСʱѾٶʮˣ׷ѩüƤ壬ѹ񲻳ʱʲô
ʱ䣬ʦµġС̶϶˱Ķʦ
ۿʳʬȥС㼱òٿˮӣݺݳʳʬޡ
ҲΪżԵʣС˹ʱ򣬸о֮˳֫ٺߣᵽʱٿصˮȻһɱ
Сһֻݺݵػʳʬ޵һֻͷϡ
ˣȻˣ
СˣʳʬޱϮ֮۵úһתͷֳκ˹
κٺС԰·ʦͽĬһһң׼ܡǱǸߵ˶û㿪ֵײһ
ǧһ֮ʣκʹħľ޺
ֻſͣʳʬȻͳһȻʳʬϲƵ߻ɢɢȥ
ϧκٵΪЧܳ־ãֻƬ̵Ĺ߻ٴβƶϡ
Ƭ̵׼򣬾㹻ˡ
ۿʳʬ޵ԴҧԼκ٣Сٴɱذףݺݲ޵죬
κѱӵıʳʬ޵С
ڹۣС㿴κپȻֱס޵һͷһᣬҲѧӣסһͷá
ʱκٳڵϵι
һֱɵɵڵϣƺزֱκٺŲΡΡ
һã޵Щʳʬʳ񫣬ȴκ֪һ㣬Ը
ƺɵۡ
κһ޵ĲӣһߴЩȻһѾͻɱǣʱǿɶҪΪĸвˣ
ôһ˵ܾ񣬹޾էŵ쳤ӳǱӳſ˼
˵Ҳ֣ƺĿѬòУȻĵ÷ۣȻһѿκٺʹС㣬Ȼͬһ㣬ſڵϴڴڵŻ
ոձµƻ⣬µøɸɾ
Ż²ֹʳʬ޷·йƤңѸٵήұСκһ˦ӣס˲ӡ
ʳʬֻϲʳմȾ˵ɢƻߵĻ֮ٴαɹ͹ӣҲˣֻ˶Դֺõسκҡβ͡
ʱκߵĴС㼱еʣôûˣ
ó˿ǻȻǷĵĽơ
κ֪һԼŻʱҲżˡ
̲סһЦҪתͷС㣬޴󰭡
һͷȴĶʦСϹۣɿǸһֱɵɵڵϵİ
κٸһ飬ֻǣǰߡ
С˵ǰͷתȷֻ˾Ų޴󰭺滺һʵʡӹգ
ӷŵ󣬾Ϳһʾ׵޴սֱȸһʱ㱵ûزԴһʯͷϷ
ֱСκٹ꺮ůʱºĶͷȭСƣʶλʿմ
֣Сŵĳ׷
лķ㼰ʱϵʦ
ֻڵʦ˹˹ģװ׾ȥϢ׷ԲԵ̫Զˡ
ǿĿ⣬ָһһģ
Сû뵽Լ֮ȻټʦһԵ֣
һʱ䣬ٸнۿ֪ʪˣֻصطСʦƹӣˡ
ʱһԴŵΣŲ˵ģûңǶǱʳʬ޳ԵȻ鲻óһֱٿء
κһԲزǱ飬ƺźûʵĳ˳档
ƹ⻰ϵæȭλ˵ã֮һǷˣһֱѰɽ󴨣ҪѰʦû˸ˡ
˵⣬÷ͨһֹڵϣǴԸݴΪʦѧϰħı£
Ȼκٵĳʹ֮ģҪΪʦ
ⷬκٵĻ˵ü޲
ֻΣκħͷ޵´һ󣬳ݿǲѣ֮ţȥѰʦȥɣ
⻰һСʱסˡ
ΪʦؼǼأκͽʱȷ˵ʦʲѣǸΪԼʳʬභƸ
ڣΪԼĳִ£κû¿ľʦ֮ҲκٵԣԵ޹һİΪͽ
ܾһʧѹı飬СҲĲζ
Ϊ֪ʦǶôԼλħʦ
˵κΪʦ޻ڣ
뵽⣬С̲סκһߣСʦ飺˼ҼȻİΪʦﲻ£
κñǣʳʬޣмĵýһƨɣС⻰üһ˫ЦЦ̽㵹ǹŵȳõúܡ㲻˵ɽ˶ôѰ꺮ůġòǡɰɣ
ʲôֱʦ棬治
СԲ۾ޣʲôɣҶƹһʣ;Ϊ˴ƣ縸״һ㣡
κ˻Ȼص˵ͷתͷʻڵϲ꣺ƹӣ
Ͻص½һʮ
ŶԭλȴСһ꣡
κתͷб۵ԼʦԼĶʦСҲ̫ɳˣ
ðɣСҲûκٽȻĸŮ֮飬ԶԶԽ޵ġ
ɤӣƹӣշ̫٣Żǲ֮ģҲԺʺʦһдɾ͵ģ
⻰Ȼ˵ģʧؿκ٣촽۽ʪˡ
СصٶǰҪʦѹǴ治
촽ͽһۣոͽѣʦͬˣɣӢţǷҪˣ
κЦһ£һݼƵȻллʦ棬ȸĸͷ
ЩŵŴС㣬Сκȷϣλʦ
κٵͷ˾񣬳ʦͷʦϣͽһݣ
Сҽٵһݣһ·Сܹȥסĸ첲ǷڲСڣдһףƽʱСУʦʦĽУ
ôôûûСԴҡɲ˹ģ˵ôʹã
κȴûûСӵŶСڣС㣬㿴ҵĺǲǱʳʬˣ
СɲħͷԼеôǣ۵ҽʦ֣


26 
Ȼ˵䣬С̽ͷ鿴κٵĺ󱳡
ڴ򶷵ʱκٵȷΣʱźߵӦǱץӵˡ
κȴŤ໽еʳʬһԵĴʯȥ
ϧ˩һС㱻һ·ߣ÷̧ͷĺ󱳡
Թԣ˵òᣡ
κúСæͳ˻Դҩ׼κ·øĨһĨ
κȴһק·ûϵ˹һͻҩô󣬻ƹӰɡ
С㶨һˣŻĴ糤˿ڣĹ򣬾Ѿ˴ˡ
˺ŮȵĻѪһֻܼҪƤ˶
֪Լʦʦ֮䰵ӿֻκɿڣСκٿͷȻ󻶻ϲϲ˷ڵĴӡ
С㿴ŷڵԽԽᣬôʦд֣ҲĬĬͷۡ
ħʦ棬ͽնʦͽ
ɽڵʦ֮·ֻض뷨Ӳҷػض󣬱ضҪȥʦķǰͷúõϴ
һЩʦԭĹ켣κΪʦ
һ֮࣬СָָֻκٿȵĹʵֻʳʬô
κصǲСֱŤˣýǹƨɣ֮Щͻ˾ȻĻֻ̫֮ܵȵ¹Ŵʱ۷ˡ
˵꣬ǿֺõĴ칷ʹ˦˦ǹϾȻˤںڵ֥㡣
κ˵Щʳʬϵʬ飬ˣ飬ǲɶõʥҩ
С㿴ôһֻֻץ֥ǷһСƿ
С̲ס˸飬κպƿӡȻദܵϣǾͶˡ
ȻҪʳʬ޻ȥȻҪҵɣȻĻ˾ɽӽ֮
κٶټһȤûУֻǽ˩ʳʬ޵ϵǰаʯϣȻߵԶԶģٶһʯš
ҵʱǰһȥӣƺ
嵽ǰʱȻŵʳʬ޸ζ֪˩ŵʳʬޡ
ϲ̧֮࣬ͷȴƲ޻ˡ
˩޲ӵıӣǽٶǺӵġ彫Լǰֶ˵Ŀ̱һʱﾹ˵İζӳ¡
ǸӣȻĸ׵Ļһȥץʳʬˡ
˵ڰ·ճɵʦͽˣ뿪ɽ֮󣬱ЩĿˡ
Ȼֻٶ꣬ȴǲ׺ɣİһƬ
СŬ뵱ֵʯȴڶǰƤͼôҲҲ׼Ϊط꣬ͬˡ
һֻǰԸǸʯΧı仯Ҫ̫ҲЩֻǲ֪ʱǸڲʯ
СϣãҲֻܹһԡ
ʯ֮⣬һҪ¾ȥϽԿף⿪Լϵۣ
СѾûϴˣˮͷҶԡ
Ѿ٘bףʡ̲סйôһΣε޲ؾ٣
κһֱԹתͷ޲˶ҲС
ͬĵֵκҪʱСҲøһȪˮˣľǺ޲ʧġ
һԷˮʱС㲻ԼԣҪκ٣һЩɳԺ̫
κȻûⷽĽţСϬ۵ӵ£̹Ȼһ
պ꣬һԵͽ͑@ڵظʦκһ롣
С㲻ֻСκٵٺЩȻһ֡
κǷЦСҲʢһź
ʦЩϻÿζ󳩿죬̫ɵԵʣúú󣡡
СĬؿһסĲӣһգ
ͬʱǽһ飡
⼸գΣСѾ翪ʼ٘bճ֮ˣÿ֮Ĺؼʱ򣬶ʳ٘bǴкôġ
ÿոҵ߶ܼ
Ҫ֪˼ʳѸᡣɵõߣзŲ¿ڸ֮ż˼͵Եġ
Сʱûʲô᲻µˣֻ޲һӱ٘bɣԶ˳
£Ȼ϶˼յı٘b
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УǮģһ·Ƕǵ˴𲻴ķݳԷЪϢÿһͶо⡣
Ϊʲôô£Ҳԭġ
ҽңСС;ѾˡǴȥɽҲΪ˲ɼɽеĲҩŲСĵɽȵġ
һҪϰɵһ·һҽ׬ǮһѰʦ
˵ľ洫׳ҩֻ࣬һڶϷܽ˻ش׳һҹɣֻ䷽ӣʹǰȷǷܾЩӺ
СĬĬпʦ˼ҴʱͿ׳ҩ׬Ǯ
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κٵȻʦģСѧ¡ڱôһУʦʧʧ⣬Щζ
СκٵĻǵ˵ͷ
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С룬ǽĴɵı¡ĴɽԹԺ·ʱ֪֪ˣſ֮֮
νڣСҲϾκʦ汾ѾܽˣֻҪ«κٱܽıţٴڸκپˡ
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⻰ʱκٵϹ΢΢ŴС㡣
δħȻħδɣƺ֮ʱЩмܲס
С׸常ƭͷǧ潿޲˵ӲǽסδħϵĴɵΪǳԣһ۱ףǷڵĲȣҪϰڰ壬͵ѧһѧĴɵŵŶڸ㣬Լȥɡ
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ȻŴϻۺ֣ЩҰ·ӣɵ̵ĴϰĴɵİ壬Щ˵Ρ
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СĺΪȫƬİ֮Ŀɲò
һᣬСҲ۾κٲûжԸܸаԺٷЩɱ¾
֪ʱȴ۾ɫҹӳ΢⣬Ů䳤ĽëͦСɵıǼҴ
ҹ֮£ҹʱˣıۣͬʱֱӣͷ֮Ϣ붨ȥ
⼸գǶˣո·ҹСĸҩ迴ã⼸գСûҲ
Ǹκٿһʵ̫㣬С㻹ǾȥѰ⿪˵
Ƹߣһ⡣
С㿴˰ͼƸﲻ̫ԶҺҩΧ·Ϥİģ·Ҳ˳ˡ
κƺûСôҪѰ⿪ۡһ·ͣͣƺյúܡ
ճ緹κپȻСȥ˾կԶˮ̶ߵ
С㿴κٲʹȥͺ̲סȻʦǽͽЩϢı£ģʲô
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ŮȵѪ̫ջˣСһСľͻῴ÷
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С㷢˵תͷָĿԡ
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˵ţƵģϴĭȻҪԼĹԹͽ
κٵɫˣæ㡣
Сŵģ̫ȴСҲˤ
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⴦Ϳɽ˵Ϳɽ֮淢Դء
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ڣκٵ̱С䣬Ϊ塣ȴκǰĻװ˷ѡ
ʱ䣬ʺϵĵطԻ˱ӦñκȵĺŮұͿɽ
һΣҪռǰκ˿ᡣ


27 
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СÿμԼɫģ;ЩĪƣٿ˾ıӲм
С㲻Ը޸ԼȻܾ飬ȴκ˻һɼƷбӣҲʲô֮
ḡκٵģԻסˣǸӹŮӣ̫ʧˣ
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ĵӣԵٵŮӣµĺŮҲκٵĳİĽ֮һ
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28 
Сöʦˣæϸﰲοû£ʦڣһ취ҵ·ģ
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29 
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СʱѾͳѪƵĽħǺĶͷ
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ʱոմ޺ŭӣ˹ߺĸף׼ȥǺ
κٽǾβץס˭ҿǰһĺ
Ͷҿǰֻ涣Լĸס


30 
СһסҲÿ˵ˡ
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Ҳ֪ʲô·ͿɽֽƱҪһӵĺҪ鷳
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κٵһʮ޺ӡ֤뷨˹Ȼǽħҵģ
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31 
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ʱҲˣóײֹѪҩۣҪСֹѪ
κ˵췣˼ҩʯá
˵ţͻȻذףԼֱϵ˻øЩðѪȻС˿ϡ
ŮȵѪҺһܳܵġС⣬κٵѪҺ˿ڴʱѸٵرգһṦ¶İ׹ڱѪˡ
ǳЩѪ˿ȴٱ仯ģӡ
Ȼ̫أһʱȫָСʹдˡ
ʱκǽɵؽݸС㡣Сٸнؿ⽣ҡͷҲҪɣ
κСһֻŲҪȥãôֲҪˣ㣡Ҫ
С۽ǻʹᣬ⻰ĬĬһδħ߳߸ƵҪ
ʱﱧһϢͺë꣬һȺˢˢعκٵǰ
췣ƽѾԼǧУѾ˵ֻŮʷЩ
ĸ׵ĻСκٽ͵ĸ˵λȥźƤ췣һͿɽһĶˣһݣ
˵꣬㱧ĸףʣСǡ
СոջһԼӹһ٣ס˸첲û뵽֮ǰȲѺõĺ壬ȴˢˢ˹ݴ
νԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬȻжԼͲټƽ֮ǰЮֺĹˡ
С˳ˮ۵Ǿ֮͡ۿżȵĵ
Ǻ˼䣬ȴܲĵӣСĸ˵ǶλҺ֮Ǻӹ֮ѾϲʶƣֻԺ󻹻и𷣵ȴͿɽһ壬ǶλԸλҲܹҺ壡
С֪Щ֮ǰ켣һģһġ
κɽҲΪԺ󴴽ħԺκбħֻǿ˰ˡ
С㲻κ٣ѹ뵱ʲôħ𣬸Щ壬ֻҪκٸöɵĽ޹أʡʡ
ֵɲɣǷɽ̫Сôˡ췣ѹԺӦҲˣɽϺúޣ´һܶɽٳɹģ
ƺѾʵؽл˺üɥˮʵĸ˵˶鷳˱㲻̫࣬ҡҪͬУң
˵ƺĸС̫ˣȻ۵һʹ
£СͲ֪ôӻˡ
ôڴڽһ㣿룬ʹ
ʵ@ڵǻͷ֪αǡ
֪ƭĺ췣ըͿɽ֤
ԭ¾ȫ췣ֹȴĪƺͻȻ۷ķʦͽйأ
Ǹ֮ˣԲúӹ
Լǧлһﶼ˵ܻסŮ
͵ŮǸʲôʲӵƸٸԼ˵ǵɽ֮͵͵ɽȥѰ
źǸʲôɲǺö
֮ǰ飬ź嵱ӣѹʦͽˡ
ɱ˶ܽ赶ʲôˣ
ű壬Ů屡֮ңȿɱ췣ǣŮҲ͵͵˻һΪǰ̡
ڵʦͽȻ˺壬ǵĴˡ
˹ϵ岻Ůҡκ٣ڹ컯£ᱡĶʦ
ĸ׽ȥˣӽʱٸŮαɱ
֮С㲻գȥ
κκǧȫˣȻŮˣ׷С㣬ɢΪٱ䲻
ĸһϢԸΥ޿ԼȻСҪСɽȥˡ
СЩɵۡԭŮģ


32 
ˣСֱҪСɢΪԭΰ
û취ǰ͸Űɣ
С㽫˵ǰͷûӻۡ͸ߣС
ڳԷ֮ģǱ٘bʳ˼̻ãҪԷ͵Լ뷨ӡ
û취Сʦ˼ڵǮɶҩһһ׬ġ
ԭһκԺĴү͹ˡʦССôˣ̫۳Բ
ͿɽʱȻ˸ƿ첲ҲһֱۣСʮˣϾԭ˶ϱ۵Ĵ㡣
ҲΪκͬʱ׵Եʣԭöһ۵Ľѣ˾̯ۿۡ
Ȼأ첲żаűȴһ
Ͼһ٣κٵǶϵˣϵĻҲ׻ûҷҲø
һֻ첲ˣҲֵˣ
κȻвɻС۷ͿɽΪʵŵԣ嵲֣Ҳý͡
ƺ֪ͿɽϹűڵֻνͣ
ʱСգۣѻǷڵʦͿɽǾʶ֪ɽŽ¡⽣ŮﵱµģҺ춷Ȼܿס췣
ٵĻȻסˣκٵͷ㲻ʡ
뿪ͿɽСĵһ¾һҷݣĵ쵱ˣںһ
ڼκҪӶһ⣬ʦһӵסҪݺݵİɡ
κٿˣʦԸʳһǴ˸øɵ¶
Ҳʶ಻ٳԣֻż첲˼в˲Сȡһࡣ
ֻһԵĿӱߣϸָԴСԹؿǡ
ֱС㽫θװʧһȻ΢Ǹضʦƹӣ㵹Ҳ԰ô뷹ûԼڣ
Ϊ˶ĲСڣСһֱԼͽСƹӡϾλԼĶʦʦؽͽĻҹ˯žġ
ƹһʦԼæÿӻ׷ʡ
Ͼʶʦ滤ʳı£㽫ӴʦκٵɤŵҼвˡ
СæС
ʲôЦЩˣɶǶʦǮģܳԣ˭ܳԵã
ԭΪʲôС㲻һԷɼСȼĳ࣬ҲЩڵʳɣԭȻ
һᣬöӶˣĬĬȥ˾ƼҺԺ
һĹֵͷ˻
Сڸʣµķ˴ݵĺԺڽ£ô£Ժôֻѽôһ̯Ѫǽˣ
Сһᣬתͷͷ߻մë
ҵḶ́СϽȥһѳļë
æȥˣڸึֻǮ
ȴӷСͶԺŮĳǴ򣬵ˣ˵ǲǵð˵Ĺذ£ô͵Ҫµģ˵ˣһֻôҪֻ
ί񣬿Ѿˣֻ촽ʵҲ롭Ҷ
һ˵ζ٘b˶յСй
ȻǺӲСܲʣСҲΪ͵ǵҹ֮¡
С뵽ʦûԼǽϵƭӰ֣ȻΪͽֵԼΪͶ֮ˣ
֣ضԺңԼ͵ˣһΪƣԺҲԿΪͽ
κԱˣȴ̲סЦˡ
СЦʲôκٹɢ˵ʦοҪ׳ˡһ䣬ڼŮ֮ӣպŮҪħɣ
˵˵һۣɽ˼ħΪһ̸
ŶκٻȻͷֻЦŲ˵
ôһʣСǾɥ
˵κǰħĵ·ϴ̤ǰС
뿴ﴧħħ飬ħ춷ŵģҲħͷκٺյұۡ
ɽڵڶǰЩҡҡ׹һ㲻ãһħھҪȽȽ
ǽӣŻҲ
뵽⣬ߵ·ʱĳû̽ʵǷڻ治ʲôһֱԸҪħԿԼԺҲҪħ·ǽħҺˣвߴҪȻǵʦͽ־͵Ϊֹɡ
κٵͷ˿ԲѣҪһħʦЦЦħҲҿν˼panpanҲûʲô˼νĸ󣬹ӼƶʦģħӶһ·׷棡
С㱻һƬ֮Ķµƿԣֻܼҿjͷյģû̽ɽаħôûǸŶѧҧˣҪаħյʧ˱ģҿЩʦŲźã
˵꣬Ҫκ١
ûͽκ˵һԵæǰȰ⣺ʦ棬ʦǸЦǧ氡ʦʦţǡҺʦһɽڵͽҡҿô
һʦƹ˵ۿʪСŵæ㣬ʦʦɻΪһ̸ѽѽްҡҲǸʦЦġ
æ֮ʣǺŮңҶˣʲôʱ򿪷ֻԼ⣬һֻҲУҲʳ
ӷڵˣ·ƣ˰·̫θˡ
ʱ㱻ʦţ鲻ѵκҿһͳԿˣѵ׺ƤҲʦͽħ־ᶨᶨ
⻰һǿﻹżĺ
СΣŵĻң湻һģ
С㷽֮ȻκٵſҲֻתڿգߵӰˡ
κһתߵûӰˣС㶣һֱûϵĸ첲һ
ʶˣõˣ
ʣĽѣԼˡ
ɲٸһ𣬼
Ҳû뵽ʦ˵߾ߣֻܼʦ棺ʦ棬ҪҪȥ׷ʦ
С㰲οʦȻԻڳҭˣˣ㲻úˡ㲻ǶɽܣԼȥ׽ЩɽԾͺˡ
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С۾׷ʣʲô
˿ϦСºڡ
Ǻ飬С󣬶˲۵ĳԡҾǲԵĻһҲ䵥
СȻһ˲ԣʲôЦҪ
СˣԼǳˣȻ֪ºڵĺ
鱾ﲻǺ꾫ҹȥķ
ôεεĺɸ˵ʲôѾŮ²ڴɣ
ǰǰŴŵΣκȥԡκˣǺָϣ޸ֻ֮첲˵һȥˡ
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ǽڵϣͶ
ϧã˰죬ǶֻǶס·ϸС棬һЩ档
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СԼʵҲܶһֱûȬĸ첲ۡ
κڵĻʱӦѾԿˡ
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Сôһ˵ͻȻ뵽κһѣƺǸسйء
Ĺ켣ӦΪƶϱ۶ǰسǵġ
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һҲ̫ۣ˵Ϳɽϣöһ۵κ٣Ϊͬʱܽѣ췣ӹϱ֮
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ʱͨƮ㣬ʦȰͽТ˳һжôڡ
֮ǰûôԹտļ⣬ôһƷȻѪܵҪóԶˣ
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뵽ƸˣСַ˼࣬һ߿ż⣬һʱʱҷɡ
ȻȷһĿĵأһ˵·Ϳٶˡ
κȻȴֻܴСһ˿ǰС
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һκٸɴһҲЩ
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С徻Լһ﷭ʦؼ
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뵽⣬Сһᣬκѹ
κԭС̾Ϊ˿ˣʣȴû뵽ȻֻǴԼһᾹЩĦ
ȻϰλСʦϲŭ޳ǿ۽ˮӣҼԾĺѹ̣ϾҪسˡ
˵ţһժɽ÷˳ֽԲһ
С㱻ɽ÷ӣκ̲ס¶΢Цķӣ˵⼸Ե̫࣬ԵθƢ
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⼸ճԵӦʱԭַӯ£շۺ죬ϸķ˿ڷеƤ
СǺͿĹκٶüһСҲá
СתĿʱøͽܷײš


33 
С㱻κٷ񶢿΢΢̣̲סʣôҸ
κپ㱻ץҲǲŲæյضĳϣȻ⿿һЩʦˣҪҪҸ
ţ͵ץʱãȷС洫޳ͽѧģ
С㱻޻˵ֻܺݺݵЦܲܶסĻ
ڳŲӣʦͽЦֿСΪʦҲ̫ḡˣ
ֱĵһߺߣȻóдŵ壬ϣϵĸƣˡ
ٸ͸Ķǲ֪ʲôʱܰѷɣȥƸ
һ£ǿҪĿĵˡ
سǴ谮ĵܵأǽͨϱҪÿճſʱϢ
ڿ쵽ſڵһʱȴ·վһһģһŮֱضκٿ
Сϳ˫̥ҼλǧҲκٵá
ԭǶŮκͼġ
ҵĸһֱĲԼŮκЩ
Ϊ֪κ⣬ǾЩŵˣ˵ҵĸռռǻسǡ
Ů͵ˣû뵽κô١
˼֮⣬ĸŮӴκһӣһСӡ
κٵ˩ʳʬ޵ģǱӵıƺһĶ֮£
ڱӵĳϣǶҵĽħӡ
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ҪӵĽħӡȴͨĵӵܡ
κҳߣ˽ϵӣԭӦӵʸ
ɲ֪ΪΣҵ˸⣬һӳֹıӸκ١
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κȻԸõ˵ĳϣüͷǱӣٳٲϽӹ
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ĸκ٣ĹײĶװĴľأ
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κٵͷ˿üŪ۵С㣬ĬһᣬڲٱŤӹǸӡ
Ǹӣƺһĸױš
С㲻˵ļ˽κûиֽʶȤ߿ˡ
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ʱΪ͵ĴɵĽ𵤣ǽ壬Ҹûн
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СҲ֪﾿˵ʲô˾㱣ӣκٲԼ
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ĸ׵ĻСѾߣ˿СϴӺ󱳡
Щ棬κԼЩ֣С㲻岻ôַӣǲã
С˼򵥣ʲôʲôСֻϴ䣺ޣЩʲô߰ģҸκװףйŮ˽飿
Сһ׷ʱڸԼһۻˮ
Сˮ˵ʲôȫţҵʱκԼסҵġʦͽϵװף
С쪵ĨĨϵˮ飬΢΢һӣǲĵ˱ǵʱǸӣи˶ᣬܹٸ
С֪ĶǶˣڱ˵ֻҲʵ䷴
뵽Ů޸棬ȴɫӣСһƬҲҪˮˡ
С֮ǰĹ켣λεεĺ幫Ǹκһɽġ
κٶŻҪƤӣС㻹񲻳ΪκСͣ
ҹʱκٸסһͷСסͬһ
κģϸŮһ䷿գձȽͷգһǮѹӢۺС
СٱգڿɲһЩ˵һǮԵκٸһ䡣
С֮ǰȸκһܾãϧһ˯ʱ⣬ίʾ̫ϰ߸ͬ
ŸεӣǶµҲ˯ġ
˵꣬εӷڴĽϣȻΪΣɰװ׵һţôε׼˯ˡ
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С㿴Щ̣Ҫ㻹ϴһ˯ɡ
־ҡҡͷȻ󽫼ë׵Ĵβ۾һͺ޷˯ˡ
С㿴źŮ˺õ˯ߣٴ
ǴС³ĺ幫аľģµļֱӣ
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ԴȪӯԶ۳ţͳɵҪ߶ȵרעǿ
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СԭǲһƳɵŮ֫ǰʱȴǳȹŮӵıӰסˡ
Ȼǹ߼ķ̬Ȼ̬ǧľɫŵ绪
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̧ͷһԭԼģð޵κ١


34 
صĸƽҲκ˯ž
Һû˯ҲȣŽʱקסˡ
СعɲػǾ¥ǸȻ˰Եܹǣѹ־¥Χ˶ĳտ֮ͽ
ڸȻ֮ĸɫ
СһӾʦؼᵽκĸŮ˼ꡣ
ѵʱھ¥ɤ׳֮ˣκٵĸף
Сǰֻ鱾ϿŮȵӲ֪
ڲдĲ˹ǣŮǰָεֵ
СͻȻ⵱ĴɽΧɽ龳ˡ
ҼԵֵȻһŮȻй̥ģĻᱻٿأ
ڣСϾŮøٿģǡκûĸ׵ĸ
κƺǸûʲôġ
ֻһԶ¥ȻС㲱һѨλִǿʢʵȴǹѵĲ֮ӻʳʵҪɽֱöࡣƺ࣬Ķ´ٲʱҪʱסһķѨֱ֮鹬סˣɷ粻ҡ
˵⻰ʱСĶʦһ㣬ѭѭգĳ
κٵĳָųסѨλʱС˾٣ġ
ټǸڣȻԺκĲӡ
κ˵ʱҲЩ˿˿Ļб۵ϢŬ
ò˵ûͦġ
ʱҲϵĽ³ѣʱִûˣ㻯ΪΣ۳̽
û뵽һƿţȴССˣκٻеΡ
Ůˣ緢˿ƵӡȷĿ
һۿκٻŻŮϸĲӣһɫ⾰ôǹŮҹԼ˻찡
Сϴʱͽװ׵ĻڶСȴԼᵽԳªһ棡
˻ˣףѶգ۾
ѹĸǰԽթգԶǺأ
ʱСڻתͷʱȻҲĵæκٵĻѳ͵˹ƻһʱʧ꣬סأ
ƤЦⲻЦˣǷסĻӻֲ࣡ûп䣬ŪҲ
ߣʦͽ֣α˻ҡͲ֪ܶд
СԺŮ䳰ȷǰٿĪ磬ƫƫκһлϽ͵ʦ˵ĶԣҪҪȥҵķ䣿
СһٺЦһ˦ȹµβͣžһ¹ϷţȥŹŮԼˡ
С鿴ŽյŰ壬ʧŮܲףҸҪȥķ䣿
κ޹صҵķ䴰ԺֵԶҲϢҸһͺˡ
СһͣԭˡǼȻ⣬Ϊβ潫˵
Ǹ̫ԵС㲻սֻܶͽʾ˸лȻϽȥķ䡣
Ǽ˯ͣκȻĸ棬ȥһ̽
ϾĸһһβҵĿʼ
Ȼĸϣĸκٱؾ·С붼Щ̡
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֪תʱκȴվڳȴĿҡҷЦϵľ¥á
Сκٵķ䣬ڴʱκٷԵĳϡ
Сֽӹ𣬲ŷ¾ȻӴƬ
Сһ£⴩õƬÿԼĸ첲
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СǿԼ췣ʱ𺳣ϣηоɢԼĪĶ
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ڵڶճʱС΢΢źȦû˯õ롣
¥ʱСһȻؿŹǷĴС㣬бۿƺҲһҹδߣƣ̬κ٣ЦһȻֹȻһҹû˯ҿڡɴĳɺϻڵˣ
СŮƺˣϲǺˡ
һҹû˯ƢҲãɸ뿪ڽѵκ쬵ð͸ģһڹԺſ裬Щ֮ľ׳ӣ
һʱԲµļˣ۵һųõ˳ȥ
˽κٺʦ沢ǵȻĵа֮ˣֻСȰοʦҪһʶ
κƺ˳ˡ
һߺһ߶С˵֮ǰιʱһλˣ˵سһԸֻشĹҽǰ꿴꣬ÿ꿴ĴԽԽˡֻ꣬йųһյʱҪΣһյ׵ڳпڵȺ򡣲˵һֻһλˣǵʱһԣܲС
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СĿȥֻ˵Ǹӥӣֻź磬̫ߣ̫ò
ӥӵ˼ӦߵĲ֢˵
ޣСЩϤƺļ


35 
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ЩħֵıڻͿɽչصʯ֮ڡ
ʦǰСһչأʱݡʱСɽʯڻϿڡɽп޵Ļͼ
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ǿ֮ײˣǲ֪߶ǿʲôŻд³
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κС֣Ű׵һ߾ʬ壬Ժӡ
ԺӿûסˣӲһƬſʱһλ˲İŮͷ˿ǣĲʱ򣬼ˣ˵Ƕ£˰װ߰ɣ
˵ŮŲ裬첽˴á
СκЩ˴ʱѾŮӰȴûĹš족֣
ڴ룬һľײģʱӽգЩֲ
κ˽ȥڹײĸ£ȻŹҽҽ߳ҽɣ
ʱײͻȻһЦȤȤĺе˼
˵䣬ǹײĸԶŲˣֻһӵͷһ󲻺£ӹײ˳
СЩؿλҽ̲סСκ٣λҽϷܴ󣿡
ͷܼ⣬ȻСֹ̼ʣιСѾͷ˵ʲô
С㾭һҹĻ£ʱҲЩˣͷϸùֵƤЩεƬ̵Ĺ򣬾ͷֱ˿ŵͯӣͲŮӵߡϷܴ󣿡
һͯһԭرϣ˵ҵĶӺŮ
СЩؽͷһԵϣ΢ЩŵŰװ׵Ϳ֬ߴϼٺӾڵġɫҲˣ㵽׻᲻ῴҪǲҿɾҪˣ
ԣں޺޵سԼϵĻ׺ӣ¶һ۵
첻ӣСɵǰԺӣƽӡΪУ˿ţ
κٴ˵ΪûĶ̣Щ˲ɱһ𣿡
˵⻰˿ߵС㣬˲Լͬشӱǿ۳Сš
ԭκٴɽɽĽⶾҶӡκپǿҶӵֵס߶
СĻʱ˵ɱܲκٱ⡣
Ҳκ٣ЩʧĵĶ
£ʱǾҶţ˱ǿԷһ
Եʱ˱ĸʱȴûܶӰ졣
Ȼжɱһغˡ
С㿴꺦ô˼Ϸ񫣬šüʵΪҽߣžҲͰˣôûβȴҪˣ
ҽ˰ķУͷҽߣû뵽ĶλȴӲúܣҽ
̲סſЦϻҿǺܷģĻᣬ˷ֶϣ¹ʤߣôΪﲡ
ѡˣҽ߼һͬһ㣬ۼֻһʤߡ
ֲýŴһ죬нֿھҪҽߵʬ壬Ҳҽֱʡ
֮ǰ켣κʬӦҲҽĵ
Сǰνҽֻޱ֮ġ
ʱҽȴ֮תһ£ֿҵԺУֻܳȥһˣȴҪԼϣ˭˭
СȴЦЦҲ㿴ˣǵθɣ
ǹҽȴˣһŭҵԺӣββɾɲˣβĲ߳ȥҪҵƣУⲡ㲻Ҳÿ
˵⻰ͻȻѸײڶٶȻ֣һѳС첲ϵı
Сһֱþòϵ˿ڣҽٴοѣѪ
ҽС˿ܽڵˣЩ˷ܵصɴ۾⡭췣ˣȻ췣ȫˣǲ򵥰
ϣ׼ٿЩʱС㳤ָ΢һӰγı춷ȵؼǹҽĲϡ
ϹűʱǶڽϵıʯ췣ậ߱ħնħ
ǹҽмܵסƵˡ
Сע⵽ǹҽĲӳ˽֮ϣȻǰšù
ʱٿҽסǰƤѸٿή˥ϵòӡ
С֪ԼȻµòνҽʵħˡ
춷ĽâвȣѾͷڵأٲŲӣֻ޺ŮҰɣٲˡ
ԭλνҽʵԭǸӹҽɥĸ־̳иҵΪһҽ
ƫƫ³ۣأԳǿʮʱŸײע⣬͵͵´ҩ˲ˡ
߽ڰ·֮ϣز
ΪĽΪƣòԶ޸һѮΪ檣ȴұ
ް֮ܣΪؤáдһɽһֻħܲסħջ󣬶Լʣʮ·Ĺֻ֣֮ش
嶨ʮ꣬Ҳħ֮֮һħ뿪Ҫ˥϶
ֻħνĿ͵֮ʮ·Щ
ҩҲǽתƵԼ϶ѡ
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Щм㣬ҽĻԱŤĲ˼㡣
ֻĳޣǳвס̫ĲʹħвҪ뿪Ѱµ
ֻ뷨
ȻԼ·ôñ˵ֻ̫ˣ̫Ĳˡ
һֻһ˵ĻӣĽǰҽƭĶɱ
ѪɺʱħҲõ㹻ֻشͨõ˸мһ̾
ʱֻ󣬶ڵʮլһ˷ʵĸ׺ͽ㣬·һڣڡ
û뵽տ˲˳һСħ񽣼˲ϡ
ҽѰģԼвȣǴСȻﲡ


36 
ҽ󣬱ǵľԼǸӹҽõҽҲħѣɿԳﲻ԰Ρ
ڣȻ䲻мؿԼͷ·Źĳˮ
бԼ񣬷·ǽڵŴܺ
һ̣Ϊ־壬޵棬һ˲㱻ԭΣ±ǰŵӡ
㣬ҸβɣһģԲҽˡ
С㿴񷴸ӣ̲ס̾һϵĲʹȻΣڿεȴ֮ġ
ҪεħԼĵӹҽŶԣ
ǹҽһͻȻʲô̧ͷЦԣ㲻ɱңϳңûκĸ첲췣֮˰Ҳʲôˣαǰװʥˣ
СҲЦеشսЩͬʱýסĲӵԶֱۣҲҪݶ֮ҽΣ
˵꣬ӶҪĹѨһУϵħֻܱȰ롣
ɾʱ⴦ԺĴű͵ײˡ
һȺֳֵԺС
Сתͷһϣأ
ֻĴɵٴصСӡ
Ϊ׵ľĳ볤ϣһκٺʹСʱųüôǣڴѵ˶ɱģ
Сæָָµ꣺ˣλף
ԭɽӵƸţ˵̽鵽سйŹ֣ÿԪʱаħڲпڴɱ䡣
ǡȥʱľһӵǰҽҲܺߡֻǵʱԣ֪ΪᵹصĽͷ
ڿƸţǵӱڳǰߣͬŲࡣ˽ħ֮£ȻĴɵı֡
һΣĴɼַаħĴ׼ʱ䣬Źһ̽
һ㷢˴˴ƺħϢһûеġʮ
û뵽ʬҰӴʱȴκٺǸڵʦС㡣
ϴɽĴɸֵúܲ죬û뵽ˡ
С˵ýȵʱϺɵüͷ
һݣɫˮôɱ˵ӡ
˵ǹҽһ˴룬ʧеұвԺӣ˵ҽҪ˼졭ǡҪƷ
⻰ɽļŭκ٣Ȼ˺ݶʦֱǱΪ飡
һͷҲ׷壬һʱȺ鼤ܣƺҪ̽ʦͽסˡ˵ĻҲԽ˵Խ֡
κĵĵɵС֪һЩϸ΢ıʲôˡ
ڣüģʱЦʵˣ
СһĴɵ˹Ȼûʲôĵ·һֱڡ
նǰԭĹ켣Щ˱ӦùЩӲسǣȥΧκٵŮĸȻκټսһ
ڣȴسǣˣǰĹ켣ͬ
ǲ֪˲ӡ
Ĵڵ׼ˣûʦŵĺڹɲܱ
뵽⣬С㲻ٳɣὣǻѻƪĹȥ
춷ıʯ췣âѨλһ̣췣
ҽ̳Ųסˣһͬʱ˫ɫۣͼһ
ԭȻֳõȻѸٳֳƣһӴ˺Ƥš
˶ܿħף꿴ħͷ̰
ڷ֮˥ſ޺ҪҡҲҪӹҽһɱˣҲġ
޺ˡѪǿݳһֻ֩ĳӡ
ǳӴӱǿ׳һȭͷСһͷɢ
ħѸɨһȦͻȻĿ¶ϲɵرκ٣ﻹϲţȻʺϳħ壬죬һԸ
κֻվ˿ûж֮⡣
ۿħ֩˦ħ˿ҪκʱСۼֿ죬һȥǴ֩նΪΡ
Сնɱħʱֱһֱϵ˿ڣƺһӱ࡭
նħǹһƺ췣֮ŭ˿ں˲١
⸽ħһ̣ûҲͻȻʧˡ
˴ʱسǶĲнֿڣܶǹЪҵĵ̡
Ϻ֮ǰɱĲߣǸҽĸɱʬ塣
ĴɵĵУв˷ŹҽǰĺɫħʱԷһʱɱ¶Ȼ׷ͬš
Һøӵĳϼʶ㣬סǵĹѨǵ㵹ڵء
С㲻˵ʲôʵλεشĴɵϡ
Ĵɵˮڵɤһʱ֪ȥ
ľĳȻعɤӵħ֮£ɶԳǿǷȸĴɴкͻηᣡ
СԼĳ΢΢°ͻȻԭˣͽܽˣ
ǳϱûһԲӣ˭֪ڵСҲֻ֣Ц˳Ż˵ûٲҪȥ
˵˼ʦͽħ޲֮ȷ˿ϣ˼ʦͽƽ޹ʵʹһ١
ʱǰ켣һѲҹĸ·صʬ壬һȺ֮ˣŵûæͭࡣ
һȺӵЩΧˮйͨ
ʱҹ䣬ǵڿյĽͷ졣
ҹĻڻ£һ¥ݶİӽСǷŵĻնУСյǰϹűҲӳ
ѽǡ춷𣿱κٵ彣ô뵽СУ
ΪѹŽˣһʱҲǾŭˣ
ʵκùҽһڣ֮С
Ȼԭ켣ʱûаκΪʦҲسǡ
ǵκɽϱ֮󣬾سҹҽεġǹҽúܣκһ˿Ķϱ۾Ȭˡ
Ȼ˵ǹҽƺҲκɱˣԺҲûгֹ
мĹҲ֪
κسǷװ飬ȴǧȷģȻκºʶ¾
ʱнʱȴҧκɱ飬졣
ʱسǣħ
뿪Ϳɽ֪Сκ˴췣顣
뿪˺ɽصƸһ߽Ȫ֮ɵһƶϳκֻҪ췣ǻ֮ǰĹ켣ҽ
κΪ˻Ψһʸɱˣˡ
Σκٿɾûôˣ֮ǰһȨӣñɱ
ֻ翴⼮СӵЫĳһ𣬽նݳ
ʩֶΣй¶ҽĻܣǰĴɵسǡΪܸκٶϱ۱֮ǰסϱδɱ˶ħ
Ϊһףýβκ٣ȴŪֱ۵ĴС㡣
ǾȻûùҽβǴСñƵùҽԳħΣ¶˹ҽȦɱҽߵʵȻĴɵ棬նɱף
⡭ǸԭĹ켣ͥ
ľĳϡͿ˺ϣһ
ĴС㣡һڵңѵҪκٳΪµʿ
ۿŽϵĹٱԽԽ֪࣬ԼȥҲ޲ֻߵȭƸĵӷ˳صźź󣬱ת뿪˸¥
ʱЩٱҲ˵Ľͣǿǹҽɱʬ壬ʵǿֲ
궼ᷢװȴٱͻɹڿһɷۣٿĿʬ壬⻰Ҳɡ
ľµڶ࣬ЩسӪӹٱʶģôǢ׶ˡ
ЩٱϣֻܽҿסȻ
εǰ켣һύʿ˵Ժ󣬵նħ֮Ϊ˭ڶλնħκٺʹСһ
ȻҲʢĴͬ
ĴɵеƸĵһߵ˳Ⱦ·ٸǼ̸ΪɣʩʩȻȥˡ
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ʱҹٹʱҪˣǿƺһҹδߣʿԵſӭӡ
ΪħСնɱǹٱ󣬲ɵ´λɹŮ
ֻλŮʵ̫ᣬһ˫ẬЦʱ򣬾һĸоʵ񲻳ϸĸ첲ӽնħӡ
ԵǸߴӢĲӣųپһ˫͸⣬һ˵
κǵɫЦӺ
С֮Ҳ̧ͷһλү
λ°ĵܵʮţһʼҹ̸ֹƽ׽˵úܡ
ʢСĴɵ嵨ΪسǵİճҪȫǰմϯлʿ
ħǴСնɱģҫҲþʦͽ
С㷢֣ΪһƤϵĹҲء
ľԲϽǻɫ
ֻ߬һѳ룬ɷ磬µ⼸꺬س鲼ߣѯϸϸһ飬ͷԾơ
Сλ㱾ãԼܽɱǹҽľ̵Ĺ͡
ǳϼƵĹССķͷܿͱɸѹûˡ
ǸľĳϵǺϲȨύĵúͶԵ͸ԼոõĽ𵤡
Ĵɵĺʿ࣬ҲڽύƱյһʱǢ
С㲻ظȨӦ꣬ʵǺĵģڹﰾһҹʵҲܶˡ
ϯζɲƽܳԵġ
׼в˵ʱԵκȡ
Сҳˣͽһߣ̷˿ӣתۿκ١
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κٵĽںܵ壬˵ʦֱۻûȬմȾࡣѵƲв֮
κٳЦ·ڿʦӿɽ̣ȴ͡
ʱͻȻеŮΪһֱ꣬ѵǷ˲θڣ
СæЦ᲻ֻͽֵ٘bĽ׶ΣմȾʳүĪ֡
üȻѾԼɱħʵｻҲ壬ԼֱۻЩˣƣˣҪǻȥϢˡ
ϵȷմѪҲǳȴɲá
ԣСϢųĽͶλʿȥ
СԹͽͽѵýԼ׬˽Ҳûл֮󣬱κٳ
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С˵ͷû˵
ŮӾճòĻĸŮǻκٵĸŮ˼ꡣ
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ŮȶĴɺ֮ǣòʲôֽŰɣ
κٲԾϯϵķˣѵ˼궯ֽţ
κٷĿϳŮӾĸף
뵽ԭ켣֣ŮĴôκǾҪ뵽Ѫ𣬶Ĵɴɱ¾
㣬Ӧø˲ŶԣϾֻһвſػ죬ſɹˡ
С㷢Լѹ˿ʯͷôҲ˲
һ·ϣСһֱû˵ԵҲƺ£ֻĬߡ
صջſڵʱСͻȻȥˡתͷκ٣㡭
κٵ˵ͷڵʱûпţȥЩԵġ
Ŵӿջ˳С̳һ±ţ󣬱Ծ˿ջݶС³ҹ
ʵС㲻˵κҲ֪ˡ
·ϣκپ٘bʦĶӹ˼ΣϴĹˡ
С±ţ⣬ݺҧһں󣬲ʣʱΪҵȣѵķж
˭֪κȴüҡͷ˵ֻ಻ţŵү
ֻĵ߰˵ǣСŴۣţⶼ̲ȥˡ
κٿСѵģʱˬʴЦϧûЦ꣬СѾݺţ⣬Ȼ֣Ƿţҧһڡ
ٳһζΪôͲˣ
κҭţЦŸһյơ
ҹ̫£Сħҽʱʮ˵ɶϱҲҽʱκٹĿ࿴һ¡
Ц֮ڵǰ˵ڵǽնħû뵽ССµͷȻӣǱĴЩ֮Ҫǿ
СһƣͷҾ͵ڿˡ
κٵЦ⽥ˣ΢΢𣬾ؿͻȻͳһաħʦǲҲԥӽħ


37 
СظЦʵڵħƲסĸĻһӶ𣿡
κٺ룬תͷСƶ㲻ħġ
Ϊʲô
κһЦûкޣγħ㻹ûлشҵ⡱
С㿴תƻãֻεΪʲôҪ⣿
öԼںڳŷ˿ָкĵѵûħʱ˵ĻǰʣħЩħ˵òˡ
С֪κ˵ʵ
ԭĹ켣ħΪħףѪϴĴɣͼ˾ţҡ
ȷױ仵
С֪ŤתΪⶼκѶҲֻ˳ħſɹˣ¶ۼػת
ԭԼʦؼ廳ʦ棬ȴаˡ
򲻿ɷһ˿ͬ
ǡһֱͽǮТչˡνϾʦͽԵһ֪߻ԭĹ켣ȥʦҲͽ֮ǰһΪʦı֡
ǧټƵЩͽĽںͻȻЩκٵһƣаοҸħ飬׳ħⲻǰͽӼƶʦ𣿽ٶ㲻ҪЩûõġ
κҲ֪ǱСĻжˣԼֻ̫ĪؿСЦЦ
˵˳滰ɤֵҹǹҽ֮£ʹҸдĶ࡭
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СŴʾ䣬һӣ򲻿˳ġǸҽĳҪβˣһִ˼ƫһʲʺħħ˵㣬˵㡣֮ʲôװ£Ժʲô벻¶ȥȥıڤɡҲ˴չᣬãʲôħסġٶҪסΪʦĻ²Ҫвߴԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬĳԹҲǰ׵ӽ쵶ӳܽġ
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š
СȻƭˣȴƭκ١
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뿪ڣκȴָסӣ𣬳ꡣʱɫҲα˵Щɨ˵ĻҹаħֿҲǹˣˣҲ㲻
СѾϰħͷûɻǱѿڶġˡò΢죬Ŀ⾼һֱԼֻǿŤӲҡ
κȴЦ¶볨¶׳ظչ֫ܣС˵㲻Ҫɫ
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ǴΣʼնûлͷǶӵĻȴļ䡣


38 
١֪ף
˵䣬˼Ѿᡣ
Ůģᶯ顣ģµĵεᶼĿ֮ѪΪ֮ഺҩ
κٿĸװһѪ̧ۣ̣õҪˣЩͷѪԪġ
һ˼ֹסˡ
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ĴɱѪֻһ˱ͺá
سǿľӪáѾȹ֮ȡ
ֻҪƿЩˣĴɲ£
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κĸô˵ȴΪֻϸ˿ĸ׵۾˵Ƕ˵ҲǸأҪ뿪سǣ
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˶ף˲ƴ֮⣬Ϊа
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ֻŮĻЩ̫ˡ
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κٵʱ֪ĸйƣȴ֪ķӣϵ˳еҰ̽ĸдţڵõɢƳ
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˼ǣͿԱĴɱˣκҲΪĿĸײħ԰ΣɱĴɵĳϡ
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µİţѰȨãĸⱳ֮Ŀģһ·Ų顣
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ĸ֪κҲҪسǣдǷţҽӵܵĳ񡪡ӳֹĳ޽κ١
СκٵĽͣһʱпࡣ
ԭѹκٵǵʱԥôá
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κԭĹ켣ѣټԪڵҽҰǳ³еҰҲкûݸҡ
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ʱľĳϻӭϣ˵Ҳò㣬ĵòֺ
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ٳյĺҪۿˡ


39 
Сգسǵ̫С
ڼڿջʱС㷢ֳгʿڰҰѲ飬ջһ඼صѲĶ
СסĿջҲѲһ
Щص̲ĶƺŮӡΪ˿һͣڿջСҲصʵĶ
̸䣬СŪˣԭĸ輧˼ꡣ
ڳǽʱ˼Ȼ˳еַҪȥͶˡ
Ϊ˭û˵ֻκĪҪ
ǲϣӾ̫Ӱκ١
ڿӦѾŮ˼ƿأԳ
ãС㶥ΪذսħʿͷЩٱû̫Ϊ
С룬˷ѾĻѰ˼꣬ʲôĿġ
ʦؼС㵹ҵ˿
ԭλڳΪӵһֱղϣΪ
˵ǵõɵ֤
ʦؼλǱ̽ص̬ȡ
Ͼ֮ˣȨı׳棬ɵ
ʮܽᵤάգʦЩ档
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ͷѪȴЩŮȶıʹ֮ᡣֻһζĥŮȣʹõҲһѪᡣ
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ʲôӣ붼в֮С
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С㲻̽ˣϾǶǰˣǻʼѶøԤġ
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ʰʱκٻˡСԵװʡ
Сû˵һڣֻ˵׼ˣκҲʰһ¶
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СЩؿʦϣʦһ·
κԵ֣ҪڶϣֻǿЦļ򣺡ȻҪʦģңʦҲһϣ£ڳĳͤ
κվҪĴͻڳⰲȫһЩ
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ûͷûԵУһһ㶵ģ㲻ʦûͷûԵĻָһڣ
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СҴдһţתκٺСŮ뿪ˡ
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Ͼʦͽǳͺ͵ģҲϰˣǴͷβ飬ʲôԭµģ
һ죬κʼնû׷
Щǵˡ
СȴȻֻҪû꣬Ǿ¡
ʲô
С̾һܲýͣκ⣬ָһ࣬ͻɣ
ֻļݵĳôһ·϶ͣͣ
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ĿС̽ͷһɲǣڵ·мİ꣬δ
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ŮϲƲ˹ȻֵĶˣϲò䡣
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ΪƷвķڵӽϵһ
ʣһ㣬Ȳؽ֮ǸСŷڵӸ嵲췣ĸױģС̰ǰȫ˵˳
֪СȻκٶ췣ѹ˸첲κȴȻ
кֻĮҸЩ˽Ҫرһ¡
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Сʲô˽ҪȻҪܿ
ѵСκһŹҲŶԷòˣͼȾָٸ
СһʱߣĨŤͷܡ
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ڵĴСεºܣ˽
Сڶ֮˵Ϊߵ֮蹵
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ԽضǰΪСȴһ·Ե˵ز࣬Ϊʡ
ҿ˺ɽȪ֮󣬱صƸҹޣǻָЩΪ
ΪЩΪ·̶߹ģֻҪ˸Եӳ֣٣ѾɵĸΪ𾪣ֱ䡰֮š
κٲڣС䵥ΪûԼ彣
⽣Ƿֻǿߡˣǿܡ
СһҵЩԵѾͷƬӣεºܣӵ񽣣
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СûдӦ
ֹϮʱСȻĴ˸־ָһӣıʣ˸ܿᡣ
⼸մʱֻҪ̨뽣ý죬ָؽҲԽԽӦ֡
֮Ѱ彣ܻĬĬһ´СĹ־ˡ
ڲٿص췣񽣡춷
н꣬ǰΪԦ
ĶͲ޵һľʱѾ׹ǣԶ˵ľ硣
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ҪԦ춷񽣣˴ĵΪҪһ뽣ǿ
ΪԺģǿ󲻵ã
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չ⽣ʮ꣬ȴʼ޷뽣⽣ĻǾͺκһȥˣüż
ȻģҲֻܷ辶ɽ֮·
ȻɼԦЩʼղһѽħ񽣡
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⽣ǲҵģûֲûʹ
СգŴ۵Ƕ󰡣ôۣ⽣ڸκٵĲŶԣΪ⽣ҵĸ첲췣֮ˣҵģ޿飡Ҫ˵ģ㻽һӦӦ
ֶҪˣС˵öԣ⽣ʱȷģҲӦŮƭӵİ
ʹȻСɽȥӲˣֻС㣬㲻Ҫ̫֣Ѳɣ㻹ڶǰ绽ꣿûΪʲôĲȥˣ
СӶָá춷ػؽʣ֪ôȥˣ
һѹסС㼤ŭŸСﶯ֮飬ֻ֮Ҫ񣬾ͿԻȥκٵβɽ˴ĵġ֮ҪĵȴҿѾ뿪κ٣˺ܺãҲøĹ켣
Сüͷ΢΢һ壬βɽǲǡɽɽסɽ
֮⣬ˮ֮ˣ˵ɽڵأںڿգ֮ɽ޻ԵѰ˵طҲɽ
κǸԵ֮ˣֻܵȵ֮󣬴κõʱſ뿪
Ҳ֪øκٵĹ켣ȥ
ƺСԥɵ÷ֻҪ㲻ٵңǻչ˺ճʱǰƸ󣬵ȵʱ죬ҡһת󡣡
ϧСڶһ㶼ΣֻǺһڿҸ˱˵ߣҲ̫䣬㣬Ĵôһ£
Сʵһͣ߳ŭȻ֪ɱ䣬취ֹ緢кβף
Сô֪˼λκٳѪ⣬ƺЩ褺Ľᡣ
˼ʦκųĴħͷΪԼ壡
κٵߣ𣻶˽Ըκٵߣȴǿ壡
Сٸִ˴ֻ̣°͵Ѿκٷֿ㲻صˡ꣬ԻѰ֮չӣ֮ϣŵԣһصȥ
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ƽѵöŮͷ⣬żΪ֮ȻŴڡ
ֱŮ˵һľ»˶ټʮ궼Сһˡ
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ӸĮֻУѾûʲôԣΪ˲вߴֻܸһƸ󡭡
˵⻰ƣֻܶʱӿƸİµӡ
ҪߴСˡ
С֪һˣǿӦ˴򲻹֮زز
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úǰСսȻȭȻٸôÿͣǾ·ɣ
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ܲ⣬С㣬ǰС㱻κٱŵʱôûµë
СŶȣѹ
ϻȥƸ˼ҵĵ̡ǲѷˣ·ȻԽԽãõÿˡ
뵽⣬ͻȻ̽ͷǰԶİӰߺҶˣЩʲôȣһۣĽͷͺ
Ȼûм̳ʦκٶԳԳԺȺȵȳС޷Ӧһ壬ؼǰС
С㿴̸λӲʳ˼̻ĵУ緹ʽԼҪܹѵ
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Ҳڸ۵СۣȻôѵʳҲСġ
ʱһʯϱĿ
СĸǰܲʣɱԴǻ
۾俴ŴС㽿εԸؽ͵ΪߣҪﵽ뷲̥Ŀģ٘b¶ʳԼĵø顣Ƿѵɵ𣿡
СʵҡҡͷûзˣȻһ٣һٶСƸס꣬ʳ


40 
СĻЦ
ǸʦµľɣµӾ㲻ϽҲѹֻ
ڸ֮޵ӣ޳
뵽⣬ҲС㣬ֱպ۾ɷϢԪ
СʲʲôֻصߣһŬûҪǸȥƸ󣬾ͱԼˣٶܹˮ
ҲöСǰֵųʲôͷۣȻһıģΪ޵
뵽⣬仨ί
ǻ귢̫࣬ѳԣѹĺðˡ
СɲίԼתͷ˿ܣһź޵ĽܳԵӣȥժ
ۣɫؿССһ֫˳βһ˦һ˦ģźƵ
ٴαġѾͷ̺ȪѪ˵ɵĽ׶Ρ
ϧݴʦ治䷨֪󺺿֪õʽ
ԴСһӶܼԦᣬֻܿű
ʱŮͻȻȵһʪ̦޺ôһһϵ
ȻЦȻվȴҪСʱȥסҲǸЩѵ
ҪסСʱȴı춷ȻԶʣȻջһߺȺС¡
СżŽȻڰͣסŮڰգȹںͳᵴȫһɵȡ
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С㣡ţ´һܶ

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С˲ŵƺǳˡ
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С֪ҵĽħӡӳ֣Ե޹ʵض
վǰضΡ
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һͬŵôܣЩС꾫˿ܹƣһúܡֻЩϺ̫ƻȻʯڴŪ˿޵ҺֻҪЩϺҲһƱҲˡȻյĶǻҪ˻ȥѪ޹飿
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ЩҲ֪Ǻ³һϽǰŵһڡ
ƺʱǸŵһСͻȻĿͣȻĺצһӲͷ˵ĺ󱳡


41 
Ǹ˲ŵػͷԼĶӣ˵ϡ
Сһ⣬Ҳ飬һȥǴ˵֣۵Ҳܴڡ
ɽ˹ƶʮС˹Ƴ棬ۿź忪ʼɱ
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ʱǴ͸ǿĸƺƵʣԽ߿
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ʱֻЩйƵС׷סؿڣ³һڿںѪȻãȻķγһ㡣
ʮ󺺣ȴѾѪ鴤ڵأƺ飬׷ױ
ȻҲ˵֮⣬󣬱䱸ܣҪѰ֮ⷢˡ
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תͷһֻһֻͺëӹľͷ
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СȴһסϸǺ۾
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ʹǵĻֿɲҪȡˮҪҨȪˮٽǶȪʯһߡ
ʯǵŮһʥԭŮ洵ֳ
ʯȪӣͿɽĺſһ޳
ʹЩ˹ƵС͵ʯֱҪĸ
Ѿ췣õĺʧҪû䣬ͨĺࣿ
ϺЩСǵóѡ
ҺʱһλǰͶһ֮ЩСʯ
Щ֪ɽϵСʧܣŲѽС·ɽ
Сɣȴڰ·׼ӦЩߵСͬʱҲײǵıҼʱ֣ˮܣú֮֡
Ϻλ˭ѵǸСйƳ֮ˣ
Сʵиѡǡôܻںɽϣ
ʱһС𣺡޹ּˡ
ߣС͵һͷȥʱŮ˼꣬ǳЦվ
Ȼȫǵػжȥ˽νֻһɫװͷڷҲ
Ҳڲסò˿䣬Ȼķ顣
Сû뵽ϺĹ˾Ȼ²Ůȣ
Ҳѹַŵĸ˰ԵѾɵֻҲЩĲһϣѪ
ԭ˼굱˵ͶѣȻͺë
С˼ǰȥЩ߳ԭ򡣲һ
ֻҪߡܹ͡ơۣܲ²⵽ıǸسǵйءЩ˵ŪʯԽ
õмˡڲ׽ޣпŮʧ£ǲĵصѹ䱦
Сһǣ˼궵תתɽϣҪ٣
ĻκٹȰ˼뿪سǵŬȫ׷ˣ
뵽⣬Сˣɽ֮¿ܻĶĿ㻹Щ뿪ɡ
˼ȴЦЦԼѾܳεĶֿ
ѣίҰػʯˣôܵˣѵҲˣ
š
С㻹ûôǣѾӳ˼òعֱڿػصҪͽˣͶκ٣һˡ
˼꾪ԼĶӳΪͽʱһ˫ﲨͶ
⵱ĸ׵ĻûأС͸еʦԲ˼Һѹ
Ǹ˵ϣκܶһ¡Ҳеһ֣
˼껺һԭһΪ㲻ҪأǸúӣȻʱִЩǴĺܺáȻΪʦӦþΪĸţȻЩһᾴġ
Լ˼ҲöϸСĹﵱĸףЩ㼱˿ڡ
ҵʦͽĸһʵĿ֮󣬱ҪӦ֮ˡ
ЩйƵʱ䳤̲һЩж̫Ѿ˼ĸ˹Ƴ棬³ɫѪ֮󣬽Щӱɻָˡ
κλмȻ³Ѫϧй̫ʵغ˵ЩǸںԼץ󣬱鴤ˡ
֮󣬱ʣµľͲˣۿʱСȥʣµĺһ޵¶
Ѫ𣬱Ѫ
κһεعͺëϺǰ
̫ãϺԡ
ôɲ¼ɣϺĻЩȥСҲھȲ
ĴΪЩСˣҲٷˡ
ô˭ҪΣΪºǺҪҪ
ϺȻԲΣٴξΣѣںУȻ֮ǰҪš
οҲܱȣиɱ˵Ůѣɽڵģһʱ䣬Ҳŷ
ϧ֪Լʱղã֮λ˸ոչϡ
Ǿĸ׵ľ֪ԼΪߣûĸ׵ĳǸ쵼ˣ
ϺǳɾۡȻŮСΪҲߣںôҲǴСİˡ
οһɽе֪˼Ȼ˶ӣǸ֮ǰκ١
Ե£Ů˼ĸ
ӣҲȫȫˡ
κٵ츸ĸãֳܲչã
ϺŮݱɽͷŮΪνġ
Ů΢ΪҲܺýʯȻ죬㲻ٷɽϡ
ϺʯһɳϣŮ˺ɽʯ
ٳʱС㾪ȵطòƺȻ˺ܶ࣬üҲĶˡ
ԭϺ˷ţʯĶ괦ɺıʱӡʯ
ֻɨ½ʯȡ£һȪˮ๩˺塣
ͿɽѾ죬ǲٴȥˡ
ʯӰ죬òҲ˲١
ֻϧٳҲû취ı˵ԡȵʱСĲӣ۵һ
С㱻޵Īֻεĺ󱳣ôˣϺͬԺ󲻱ٸңָɣǸ˲Ŷ԰
͸Сһ߼ʵߡʲôҼ縺űʯʹҡĸ˵ֻҪʯͲӼף뿪ǣҪʱ̽ǵļලҵٸҺʱദ
ССıʹڡ
ԭʯҲ֮׽Ȼʯ
ǸװʯͷĺκӣС㵱Ѿͷأ
ǧϺŮ˵ķӣǱ¶⡭
С㵽һ˿ɣ룬ǽ˲£һ뿪ˡ
û뵽Ҫߣֹһصĺꡣ
Ϻ˵ͿɽѾܴˡҪ뿪Ϳɽ޼ҿɹ顣
ֻܸξȺΣѵĶ˴С㣬øĴӡ
˵ȴǺ»ģӴСΪŮ֮һĸ
һΣ򲻿ѣǺ¸ͿأЧҴ
С֪ԭĹ켣κٱӦ췣֮󣬾ʹ˺Ȫ֮ʯ
سǵĶҲǺ˵ĴκٰĴɣǰʯ¿һħ̣Ϊħʦ
Ϊ棬κʯļӳ£ħѸٳɳķĴħͷҲʹ˺ճ
û뵽켣תתת˻
Щ޼ҿɹĺ˾ƤҩһҪ桰춷ˣ˦˦ˣ
ļƻҪʹգ
С㳤̾һҲͿɽΧ飬ڶǰԭĹ켣ѹûеġ
ʱǱκ뿪Ŷԡ
ں֮սƺҲ˲ٵˡǲ֪ǲЩйƶС
СЩηΪڤڤУƺһﶵתת˱Ӧõӡ
ԼġָΣȴֲö֪
Ȼһиı䣬ΪҲûˣܵý尲ٺ˵
뵽⣬Ϊѵصͷðɡ׼Ӽ꣬Ը⣬ԸѰһĵطӡˣҲȸһ߰ɡ
Сһ仰ǳŮ˼˵ġ
צ̫Ϳɽͼı죬˼ĸѾ¶ڴ˴Ҳ֪ɽ»û˽Ӧ
µʿ̫࣬ضܿŮ֮ˡ
û˼һƲ¡룬Ҳҵκ٣ٺĸ˵
СĽ飬˼΢΢һ£û̴Ӧֻ˵ɽ˵ɡ
СԭΪ˦һƿɽɽʱȴϼҴڣһȺ˸ƨɺ档
ʱЩоĵĲѾɢȥǻһȺβɽ¡
ƳСɽӰʱǽһҧ飬ĥС㣬ˣ˽£
ΣԲٸֻһ·Ƹ˵
ϧƸĵӷݵ˹ȥʱСһָͷû˹Ǵһ
ʱŷ֣ɽ´·һȺˡǵӣƺСΪ𣬺ά
ǰ꣬ʱ˿ҵЩĸо
ӻ䣬һ˦ӹˮһڣƵطԸ㵽ΪֹѵѵˣƸӵϸƤˡ
˵ĹƸɵĳѾצãһܻؤӡ
ɫ׳ʵ㡭ǼǵҶľ֮ĪҪǣҸС˽Թ޹أ
ĻﻹĸףҹȻֻɥѧ˴С˵ĻٸĴԺȻѰ˻ᱨǺΪȫ¹ǲǱΪСˡƸĻʳҲãضԲߡ
κ˵˵žµˡ
ķϻ֪ס󣬱޺޿С㣺ҷɽϾŮȸǸɱˣȻǷɱ¾Ϊ壬ȴЩΪ飬С㣡аĪպײʱ㣡
Сһ׼ϿаĴڹ
ߵԵɶʣһζ˶Һ֮ˣûȥ˼Ϊ٣Ȼաµԩ겻֪ж٣ʱ˵ɣֻ㶼䣡
˵꣬һԵȲ˵ݲߵ䣬ÿܹ壬ͼȡ屦顣
ðü
֮ǰĶֻ档
һƸյѶϢ˵ŮسͼıңԼĸغأһǰ׼ΧɱŮȡ
͸һȵ˵ʱѾˡ
ڱǽϣһμǴ˵е
˵翪ʼʱĴĴָϵĸ輧˾Ůȵ飬ҲǴΪ𾪡
壬ҲǱŮȵɫԻͷȻĴɣ͵͵ŮȺĶκ١
Ĵ˿գŵ׷ˮ̶ߵ֣ȴұκɱѪ
غ֪ȥָıӴͿȻǶаĸŮŵ
ѣȻƸһڵǰޣһҶΡ


42 
ڶټʱλүѾΪү뾩ӳƵۡ
ʱκٵħ󣬶ҵƽĴɡ
Ϊ˱ݷħͷҡ
ʱκ뾩ȴκҪ̸У˽¼潲۵ΪΣҲö֪
ټʱʮֽţλϳκǰƸٸݡ
û뵽ϳȴڻ
º˵ΪֲǣĵĹ
κԭ˵κٵвȣҪ˽⣬ԱκԼħ
ſҪҲκġ
һɱκ٣˾Ժ
ȥһҶǵʱıдġħơĸ֡
ҶǹھڵĴ֮ϡ
֮Ȼ´棬ҵүǶӡҲ̫
Ͼߵ·Ժ뷲ү޽
ȻҲõˣʱʦԴô
ԶﴫĴмһˡ
ôȻǲˡʼӵɵĴǺܶ࣬棬Ūġ
ڴСȴԴ䣬һƶλĻ죬ʿ¶ˣĵһֱǺЦ
ŮƭӵĻһֶˣ
ԴСʲôܹƣѹû˵ⶫˣĳôаĶԼҲǸйذˣ
Сţ̧δСЩ굽ǲйƶ
ԭԴС˾ٲмһˣڶһ١
ɴǼСѪʱȴסˡ
էһЩСѪӣӦŮȸϾӣϸ¶ĶīѪ
ʱͺëںԸʿһֻСš
ǺľȻ֪Ķõǿ׶ɲˣ
С㿴ƺʲô̽ʵô㿴ʲô
һ˫ǺɫѪǡô״ơ
״ҿ̹ġ
ŵˮ̷ߵʱҲǿºѪº˲鿴ʬ壬˵ͼϵƺˡ
ֻǵʱĴɶ϶ĸµĶ֣Ůȸһɱﵣ
ŮȵʱҲźɵӵΧ£κĿĸ֮·ħɱ׷Ĵɡ
Ѫκٱź˺͵֮ززˡ
κٲڣǵĲҾݡ
ŮɱЩС˻׷Ź
ѵСԣ黹飿
С׷ʣĬ˵ֻ˼ЩСʬ塣
ƺ뵽ʲôͻȻɫһ䣬תټ۶ȥЩƸĵȻ뿪
СҲĥ˵һ䡣
˵ŵ״ЩСһģһ
Ҳ˵ѹκٵУпܹƣǡùƶĶ
˼ǲسУκǲǶעҪĺڹ
ʱһֱɴں˼꿪˵ǳˣֻһأҷĲԾͲһˡǺڣౣأ
˵ҲС˵Ҳת۶ȥ
ŮȣСһƨɾ·ԵĴʯͷϡ
ȻȻܱԼһڶǰ
ԼæµôãôĹ켣һֱ˻ȥ
˼ǻسǣпɥС
ȻҲ޹أֻҪź£ѰɽȻˡ
κĸӵˣֲƿصġ
ңıӰֱˣѹǻ֣ٸҪȥģƸɽϿôŶȥˣ
СĻ̧ͷȥ
ɲ˼һǰһǰķ򣬺һ·߻Ķ
سǣǸ򡭡
Сһֱ˵ʣҪȥɽ𣿿ҷŷеĵͼ˵ݵؽ磬ѹûнɽɽ
СǻһȹڣȻָָߣȱɽˡǻתأ
ûа취ֲܰס˼꣬׼ȥȶӡ
ۿŸӿسǣֵʼٸô֮⣿
ԻҲҲñƽȥ
ȻˣʹȥܲĸӴһ·
С飬¶û顣˵ǸҲسʱһ¶ĥͣ
㹻ǧꡣǴ˷ѰԪףһҪ˺ã
ȻСʱĥһǹȥʱȴǸʱġ
ԳԭΣһֻβë¿ôСֻо磬ѹһ·ķ羰һҹĹصس⡣
سǸǣƽն̲ϵġ
Сٴ֮ʱѾϦ¡
ǳͽرˣҲ֪ǲǻӳյԵʣǳضԵúͮͮһƬ
СܣֻسǵϿƺ죬þˣдʹ֮С
ʱһƸĵӲŸϵ
Сڳǳ֮ʱĿ¶죺ôֻˣ
СԼ˵ԼɣθֻͣǴ㲻ҲҴһˣôҲҪ¶
Ȼż
Ϳɽ£ͻȻŵ֮ɵʱȻ뵽һҪ顪ԭĶǰ͸֮ϵġ
ԣǵʱѾɢˣƸڵȻûϯ棬Ҳ޴йơ
ΣΪҪסС㣬븸غطֿ͸ŵɻϡ
뿪ʱ򣬸׻ӵ
û⣬һǸŵһͬμˣ
ŵıĸסΣӣ
ԵʱŻɫ䣬ҴҸ˻
̫״Ƕǰѹûгֹġ
ⲻٴν࣬ԼЩƿزסֻ̬Щǣһ̽
СȴסָųŵķɣûУǳضѾرˡթǴʱǿܻݾߣȥˮ̶
ȴָָǳţ˵ʲô㿴ǳŲǺúô𣿡
СͷһŻյĳŹȻѾˣˣš
ٲҪߡС㻹һѳס֣ԣ
۾ֱֱǰĳţѹûע⵽Լס֡
һ¸ٸͷŮסԼ裬Ȼûѣסʣôˣ
СʱҲԼˣæɿ֣Ҽǵسǹسŵʱδʱ͹ȥˣôܻ󳨳ţһթ
֮ԣٴǳš
ǳǾسǵӣҲɼ߶ˡӳŹرʱ飬ǰҲǳףһϲ£ȫͬ죬ЩϳҲǺġ
СЩ̫СĽˡ
ˮ̶ߣղѾȥˣʬǽı̡
С·ѪȾһ㣬ȴûһˡ
ѰһߣӰּϵسǡ
붨ˣ
뵽⣬˲룬ƿС˳ǡ
Сͺһ·ۣȴʼûп˼ꡣҲ˼Ѿˡ
ڿƸԺСҧҧ촽ıͳһհ׵ĻƲֽҧԼָٻʮ
ָҪǵĺ󣬶ϲʯĪҪˡǺˡ
ͷСһġ춷żҲǳĴȥ
֮󣬾ѰƻľЩ̻ûйţš
СǾЩ˵Ĺ졣߼㿴˼ʯ
̵ýֵ֡Сԭؿһۣ漴ֽ߮Ŀ¶˻
֡ôǷŵģ
СͻȻһˣڷַﲻԾˡ뵽⣬ؿ˼
ؼǵǷߣһҺܺóԵӡϰΪ飬ﻹлƤ±ζȴĵġ
סصǼղ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͻκȥǳ档
ֿʱСɴ۾һ
ԭڽֵĵ̣֪ʲôʱ򣬾ȻŲұߣ
һҵֵ̣ḷ̌ƺȫǬŲƣ任λã
ʱ۷˹Сôˡ
С㻷ܣڵóۣǽġѹسǣ
ʲôȴǲšһ·ûпĳǳأ˵ôﲻسֻ
СָָΧĽУĵ̷ݣسǶȫ෴ġٿϵϦ
̧ͷһֻԭµϦʱȴߵɽͷ£ɽͷһֻĹ⡣
˵թС㻥һ£̴˿ٳųſڶȥ
ǸյſڣǾ߽˸ͷ
СôˣҲڳȺ𣿡
գŴ۾һ޹ǡվڳſڳ֣ҽѽû£ĸ׺һˡ
С죬ͻȻֳĶ·̽
·ܵʯȷǼٵġ
ҲøҽڵĴˡ
λǿ˾֮ǡ
ԣɻظţ֮ǣ
С˵ͷ⼸£ֻһ飬ǽǰ濴ؼͷֿһ顣
ǰŵʦֵܶԹʦдƪϻҪȴ£ûмҳ
СرлʦŲճؼ˲ŵ
ʦдʦκڹʯ´ħ֮󣬱ҪƽĴɡǰƸ;УȴһƸһģһĹ
ǹʧܾãһŴ˳
ʱκٸ˵Ǿͺͭ߳ǳӳճľһ㡣
ֻһУҲǾˣټҲֱ治塭
ϧʦĴʷŲ㳤ȫûиػ
ʦ£ֻʲʾûˡ
С㿴سһһΡ
ھκ֮ǵʱ䣬кþá
֪ΪΣĻóǾȻͳ
ͬǴӶǰԽģȻ֪֮ǵ顣
ȻЩκΪʦ֮ǰģ֪Ҳ
С̵Ľ⣬Ҳǳصʵ̫ˣ
ȵʱ䣬ֵҲϢ
ҷſڴСڸ֣ʾҲǲǡС㡱˵
ҲС˵һֻӳյľˣֻζ
Ȼ˴壬Ȼͣ뵽⣬ȳ˳ţ
ǵ˳Ŵ󳨵ĳſȴж¿ǽ򣬶飬ǳȥ
С˼ȻǾǾ͵ҵ桮ӡȻĻֻҪΪ֮ˣ
˵⣬Χ£ߵ˷˷ֱ֣ȥܲ鿴Ѱͻƻóǵ
ƸĵӶڴСǲ㵱Լָǣ
СøѲС໰ֻȻƸĵó٘bżҲ¶ʳ⾵֮ǵһжٵģһƬҶӶûУǲȥ⣬Ͳһͬж԰ðɣ
ѽС㣬˵ģ
ԭһֱûܺúóԷſֵһϤ̯̲ס˹ȥ
ǵʱȴܲζĻƤҧһʱȴһҧԼͷ
߹ǲȥĻģ
ɭɭĳǳأڶԼ·Ըָӣ뿪Ҫ
뷨һºС㿪ʼ˷飬ȻɢڳǵĽж
С㷢Ƹ˻ֽʱƸĵȴû˽ӡ
β˼ҿڣֻҪЩµһĳЦı飬СףԼð˼Ҵڴˣ
Ƹ޵ĶһҪ¾ڵķ
ԵҪķʱСѾʶؽʣµķصԼĻ
ٸͣڰգӢۺݺݵС㣬ˬ
ƽ⣬̨£ϽԼϵˮ«ݵŵϡ
ٸҿûˮţҲɽ⼢
ȴ飬ˮ«ӻȻСΪӣҪһ飡
˵֮Ĳ£˸żȥ˳ͳǱ
ºڣСŻðģҲСҲСһˡ
С㵹νķǸ⡣
룬ӻͳƴСǣʦؼһġ
ͭ壬ҡҡȻϸ˦Ǯ
Ǯ˦ķ򳯶ѲָǸߣ
һݣԼû뵽С㻹Ȿ£ȲʣôǲǴ󼪴
Сص˵ͷѵһĴ֮ԣ
ˣæǱ߶ˣ
С˹ףͬ㲻ʦǴġҺͬɽ󣬱ҡǶķ򣬵ʱʾǴ󼪴˭֪
˵⣬С˵ȥˡ˭֪˿һ·ҡ˶ǰκٶֻףԼΪĲôǡ
ɴ˿ɼ˿ӵ÷ſȻʾߴףǾȥ˵߾Ƿ̩ڣ
ռĶ֮ԱǣСһŹǣҲЦ
Сһӱ㳯ŶǰС
ķͨһСһ·ûз֮óǵһжô棬ʳˮܳ⣬ûʲô
ܻûĳǣ˷֮⣬ҲҪǿ֧šǲ֪ʲôı¡
óĳǣĿֻʲô
ʱǰͻȻס˽ŲСײĺ󱳣ʣôˣ
ֱֱǰǿʲô
СԽļǰһֻӭһȺˡ
Ϊ׵Ǹĸߴòʵİ꣬ĸŵŮһ鶯һɰ
СһȥԼֱվӣ
Ⱥ߹ˣһ


43 
Բ۾ǰһģһ꣬ĵѵǶһ޴ޱȵľӣ
ǺܿͷֲˡΪǻӰ֮˵ܣѹͲߵ̰
ΪԷһѾڿУȺˡ
ɾʱΪ׵ġҲͻȻ¶࣬˹
šһģСС㡱͡ԼƸһڡˡ
⡭ѹͲǵӰ񰡣
С㰵һãֻӲͷƤУٻսһ
Ƚʱﵹһɡ
Ǹ١Ȼģʽһģһҷ·֪һһ㣬ͣķϮȥ
Էٿʵ̫ˣѹ⡣
֮ڣٻ
˵ĸоҲ£ЩٻƺӣѹΪ壡
ǴСĸȴȫͬ
һֱ˯һħ飬ֻ̨ħħԴﵽĳƽѹס
ɾڸղǼٻС㽻ֵһ˲䣬ħ˻ߵغˣٴȥҪûˣ
ʵСҲˡڸոսֵһ̣оԼ̨֮ƺ©ˮĺ«ưһ硣
󳷵ʱǼٻҲź󳷣һصС㡣
СĬĬħ㵹ͦҵġ
ħһֻ˯һȻܵյءǱٻŪҲˡﶼǻӰɵļˣˣҸ˭ϣҪ⣿
СȻԭڸħ˩һϵƣѹħܻ
̧ͷʱȺѾһȫֲ˭˭ˡ
Կԭǿƾе˫һȴԣԽĵĹ⾰
Сһ䣺
ֻһҪмܲסһźצˣһɥص죡Ҫмܲסˣ
Сйؿ̸Իڴ򶷵ǸЩס֣ǿеĵ⼤ŻභģǵԽãԽǿ죬Ͻ䣬ƽϢеɱ͵⣡
ʮŷС㣬Ǹ֮ˣ׼û
סַ׷׺󳷡
Ȼ˲˴ʱЩٺҲ׷ֻ֣ͣδצӣƺƷյ
ǵƵúܣĺٴʧȥǡ
ƺûעСѣȻڸٻǲ
һļȻƣ۵ƺߵؽһ
С֪Щļǲᷢġ
һ˵ܷԼˣָѣҵģԼҪˡ
еаţһ£Ƹĵǿ
ˣǸȴĿ¶࣬ơ
Сֻܸһ·ˣ˵ǲſڡ
˵ļҧô£Ϊʲôң
С²⣺Լĵ̫ʢٻһɱ֮ģ֮죡
ҧתͷۣǿԼֹסڵ⡣ȻЩٻͣ˲ǰǰ
С·Ҳͬ飬ûзŵض뾵֮սףľһغģ
ԸļСϽȥţǸٻභ
С㿴ѪֹüȡҲͬ۹ãһ
߹ȥóԼҩ˿ڡ
û취ǾɣΪձ鲻ߣԳĲʲôͷȵҩУ
ССڽͷ˻죬ССҲˣڴ˿ڵǵӦֻ֣ϸָ㣬ֹѪҩ۾˺Ȼɴ
ָ˿ڴ㣬ۣ̲סͷվԼŮ
ŮӵĽë䳤ҲɰʱĲȥ˵þˣЩԳ
ʱͻȻһ·õͱǡڸʲô
С㲻ԣ˳Ŀⷽһ
ֻſڣǸٻͻȻסߵļٻС㣬ȻȥŮһ𡭡
Сûо̣ǻԴЩ⡣
ֻĿɿڴ۾һ㣬Щ
֮ˣǱӳ䡣
С㲻ŵػصУ˼ӵװʲôˮΪǼٻɫһ㣬§Сиûꣿ
ƺҲû뵽ǼٻȻʵӳģղƬ̵Գ
һʱ΢죬֪ػصС㣬ȻյҸֲ
ͬʱǼٻСжˡ
ֻŮɾظ˼ٸĶ⣬ȻһŽߵٺݺݲţ
Σͣʦص˴С㡣
СҲһ޹Ҹʲôֲ
ʱһԴƺˣݺݵ¶צҪȥ˺С㡣
Сһ۵ȻǼٺ˺Ҷˡ
ϾһǻҪã
СʵҲΣϾǼٻһģһԼƺðˣûߵڵء
һίĴ⣬Сֻܾ˵֮ǰյĳţӦòġسҵߣôķǲܾ첻˺κٷ˲ףӦҲܿ챻ȳȥ
ƺСκٵĻžС㣺ֻҪҵĸ׺ĴɰãٴҲָܽĹˣĴΧ
С֪ĴȣħҪ͵࣬һɽӲ˽硣ټҺһҹ޺˸Ϣˡ
ҲѹЩƲħҡ
ʵǿȦӵ䳰ȷĴʢС
СȴЩκٵԼͽܡͽļñ˳
ǣЦֻĴɿסǰˣתָǣָһջأ
СĻҲҲסŭصָͬǣѵҪָκ٣㿴ոκħͷ˻죡ѵ㲻֪ĴʲôѪϴƸǲɵģҲã
С㶼Ҫˣ̲ס̧㻹˼ᣡҰ˻죿㵱Һסˣһ𣿡
ҲߺŮƭӣҪƱ磬ǰЩ컹Ӧ˵ҪһƸأ
ʱԭ
СϤ̲סͷƤһ飬ѭ̧ͷȥֻһ׵ĸߴųȲżؿĴС
СǸźӣû뵽ʱһӢ˷飡
ǱƬƬ׽ŵ֫ԵøͦΣɱȻ嵭ԭУſɱڣ̲ס
ڿɲ˵ʱ
Ȼֵκ٣°ͺͷĸͦǼ⣬СЩȷ˶١
κŵ
ƹӴʱҲףκ̫׹ܻλεģ󻹱ӲȻʦĿɱ
ʱƹκٵ󣬳ųµС㼷üŪۣżӣƺʦ鲻̫ˬʡ
ʵʾСҲܲµκٲˬ
Ϊʦͽ˵ĵԶȻҲһģһġκ١͡
ʱǸκٳһ죬Ȼֳڵϻûġݺ˼ţȻּ촽δɢġС㡱ǰʮִ³ز͡
ǹçС촽Щۣ̲סԼ̲ͣסκµǸ˰
κٱʦһƺסԼ
ǸκҲ㬷ſˡС㡱
ʵͽܣȴץ飬СʦҲЩΣȻҲⰮͽЩŭʧ̬
ֻɤӵѽ⣡ôҲ̫ʵڷĲǣֻˡ
κ˼ʦλٸ̸ˡ
СûκٵıֻŽͣʵҵ뿪ҲΪϾıҲСˣαܸҡ
ûС˵꣬κֵŮ֮Ū£ŵӣȷ󷽱㡭
С㲻ۣͷ
⼸̼ģﶼˣŪ£ܵ
ýͣٴʵóǵô£ǸҲˣ֪ǲǽˣ
ڰƸĵӺڣֻܺ˵ǡˡԴκ٣˼ˡ
κȻˣ΢΢üͷԼˡΪóǼȲܳҲܽ
ŸףʱҲ˲öκٵ񣬿ʵǵô£ǲĹ
κٿûһֻۣǼС͵ǵθޣûڵʳǰǲῪٽ˵ġ
ʳСɻκ١
ңǵˡЩɱɱžͻٴοţ˽
С̲סһ
κٵ˼ûɱелǰ˭Ҳȥ
ʱɢȥҲˡ
ȻС㼰ʱɳȥѣǷɢȥĸ·ʧأмƸĵˡ
Ͼ˵ıԣȻԼһģһĶԿƵС
Ƹĵһ˳˳ˮߣѣҲһʱƲסɱȴ
ڲＯʱеļҲۼһĵۣſڣˡ
ֻʲôʱЩĸ꣬Կʱһһսٴȼ
Σɵľ͵͵ô죿ѵҪ֪ڲߵצ£벻
죬ƸһڵһԵ̨ϴϢ
ЩƸٻҲ׷׿ʼϢǲ֪һ˵ƸǲǼٻĶˡ
ɽ߾΢ˡ
ñطʦͽ˺鲨κٿϣüĿ֪ʲô˿ûиʦѵ˼
СҲ˼κ˵ֻܸƹ⼸յľԼǳԭ
Һʦһ飬кʦСһ߳һġ
ΪҽϲŴ
ʱ𿰱Ⱦ۱裬óĶС˫۷Ź⡣
һͷһߵƹӣ˰ôôǹӣ
Цеóֽԣﻹвռأ
Ļˣô֪Щ춼εջӵĲռȣ
ļٻɾû̫ˣ͹һĻﹰأ
㽲⼸յľ
ԭڴСһ첻ĶӾͶˣΪԵĶԹˡ
һ͵ûسԵġŶռȵĹ򣬱㿴ܳȥı䣬˵ٰˮ̶Ǳ߳ˣиոջسǵ˿죬Ѭ˴ߵ졣
֪ʦҲȥǲμˣװ˼ȣڽֽǹһ¿ǰˮ̶һ̽
¿ߵһ룬ͱ۷Ĺٱˣ¿˦·ԵĹľ
ֻؿЩ¿Ĺٱ֮زز
֪ԭ֮ϣ˾ʱҵļͻȻ˽˾ƣΪ˼״
һ˻Ȼ
ľ峤Լ̶գѳΪĪ֮İ˺Ѫˣûӣк֤ݣ
˽飬ڲ·׷
ЩĴ֮˻ƣ𵴵Ⱥ졣
˿ܹƵΣʱƸغΪ׵̱㷴ӦȴԲ龭
һ鲻Ȼ߷ǹƳڵٶȡ
غһӡ÷ڣ׷ŭ
ȴǲطĴйƶ֤ɢүµĶ
Ҫ֪Ϊӣƽ֮˺޽α˵ȹ
˵Ĵɵĳ˵ҳκپڳУݵǸʦСƺҲЩаа
ողԭԼĸ輧˼꣬ȻǵĴѵŮ˼ꡣ
˿κ͵͵˼棬Ȼǡ֪ĸΪһֱѲ飬û뵽Ȼκɱε˵һңʣѵ׽
֮оݣɡ㷢ԼпܹƵĴ֮ԣжҡκٹҸµȦס
粻֮ʱκ߳һȥĹֻǹ֮ƺ޶
һŮȴɫ䣬ˡ
κǣŵģСһ׽صʳʬޡ
ϲʳϲ£ꡣϧɵǣܹƵĹͶ˾ӵġ
ǹ廹ãѪк͵ڸ䡣
֮˵а򽻵ôаض֫ٺϢɢ
ζʳʬ˵ʳŨ㣡


44 
ŵŨ㣬κ£ʳʬͼ͵˻κﹷԳԭΣԵŮֱ˶ȥ
ŮѽҵŮȻҲ֪ʳʬ޵
ΪԱ鼱֮´˲ӣ߶ϯµĹƳ棬ͬʱ˦ȾҺķڡ
ЩһƤҲо綾ܹƹãѪƳӰԵ
ȻмˣǸոйƣڣйƶ֮졣
˦ƬƬڣЩй֮˵һ㡣
Һ˰κڶŻףЩȾ綾ķڸЧá
һ֮󣬿˵ݷȺƣЩĴɵĵӻа볯ʳʬ޶ȥס
лмΪĴܸзڣܶԴ߷ǣϵ·ƬƬҶƬ
Ȼҵ׾ۼֿ죬غأųĴܼʱǹƳģɱ䡣
ǷڶԴ߷ùƳӿ񱩣ѹһССܿסˡ
ӣ޴ӵϾŮһֱߵģЩй֮˶ȹŮ˳ʹƣǾʱھµĹơ
ۿԼµĵЩÿƲסƳ棬ֵֵסʳʬ޵ĽһѪĴмΪ٘bɾƣӹһٵĳ۵ۿѣ׷ִҪס
ھƲɿʱʿıȻ볡֪ˡ
ǲݿܹƵŮԭҲҪһͬ룬
ϧʳʬͻȻֿʼΣ⧲ͻȻʳʬ޳˰첲Ѫעҵ׾ڵϣֻ־ܡ
۵˵ۿԼֱһڰʧεʳʬ޴ãֻܾףүȾҡ
ϧĸ׺үʧӰ٣ٴηۿԼһֻƺֱʲôҧ
ʱҵļƺ󣬱ϾЩĴɴܷ׷״ɱ䣬һƬѪȷ磬ǷǲܣĴҪ¾
κٴһҾ׷ϼȴڰ·˱˦³һ׷
˭֪ۿسǾǰһȴӰ١
κʱȴһ㣬
ܿ죬κҲƺҵߵΣ϶ﲢسǡ
Ҫת뿪ʱȴǳһģһļٻ
ȻҲȺٻһֻͨÿһԵսвͬ
κٺҵǲңһԴͷβǲ˼ģ˷ֱͻͷ
ȻͷҲٻõ죬˲Լͬñ˴˵ƨɣ
κȷԼƺյ֣ͣٸǡȥˡ
׼ʱȴִŷգҳƺ˵
ѭû뵽ڲſڿһʮϷλ˪ѩ߰ٸȻǷڵСʦûꡣ
С˹ؼСҲ˵㻹ûüдŸʦ
˵ͷ
Сο滺һ㣬ôѾҡҡ׹ʦͽ鵹ǿЩˡ
ϾʱΪκԺƽʱ˵ĵУдЩ˺Ļ
κټȻûţֺαظһǷһ㣿
δ˵⣬֪ʵؿʦ棬ٸôһ¡ϧûʣ˾ͱקһʻȥˡ
Ϊ˽⵽κٻûüţĵֻˡ
Сɤӣⲽӵİͽԣüײײĸ첲ڰӾͿˣ۲۰
κٵͷ˿ӱСʦʣ㲻ǲһô˵
Сתת飺Ҳ˵һҲǴʵϾ˭ʺʱ򣬸첲ϻקŸ˰
˵꣬С㻹Ŭ˵ﲨۣԼԵøֱ׳Щ
κȴΪ쬵ʣ㵹ǰһ𣬻ӦƸѵǺˣþܻ飬Ϊٸ˶磡
κ˵ġָıһԸʻƺ˸йڶһڣſ࣬ӣƺغصء
Сκ˵ӶһˣˣסǼգҪҺˣӣ˭˭ˣ
ⷢĵȻȡİͽ¶˻СһЦ΢΢ͷսСʦʣôԵģ
ʱչһݵǸٸʵǺܺãǲ̫ԣǳԻ꣬¶ˮ
ĳԻŮȴֻܳЩʮֿ
κ֪ԼʦԳԵִţһôչˣЦøӺ㣬ʦͷοȳȥˣҴԺõġ
С˼ȫڡԺõġˣѹûעͽεֻ֣ЩίӣҲҪռȣƹӴǸԹˡ
˵ոǱجġ
ҲȷƸڵİΣ
תκٿʱƺֹۡ
ŬĵĽ꣬ôȥ롣
һ̧ͷͿſڵġκ١ȻڱšС㡱תȦȦŻһŮġС㡱ȻĵŵЦʹۡ
ŭתͷԵǶʦͽ
ûмٻǰḡšκٵͷСôҲ֪˵ʲôŮϲõĹ⡣
һʱ䣬Ҳ˸ԼԲֻƬ
̲סԼʳӣһͷۡ
ϧⷬ类߷ʳһ㣬˿ͣˣ
͵Ǹףĸ꣬ͷֺ񱻽˼̵ĽͷҲƲסˡ
ġƺܵķŭȻŭ˫ۣٴμڵĶ˼۶ȥ
ˡӰ죬ļƺҲٴɱڣšһͬǰС
Ϧӳ£Ⱥ˷·ʬ壬ɢ˵ɭϢ
κٵһſڵļǲԾæקСܡ
ſڵļľſڼһʱŶڵסˣϦ͸ڣԵû谵ˡ
СĿˣЩȻܿ
ͻȻǸ١ͶڳǱϮһ˲䣬ƺģô¡
СۣɻϸſڡʱſѾˣЩߵļ֮⣬ƺЩذһӰƺ߷ԼеǰЩǰУӿЩһû
ΣҲ׷׽ڳļƣ
ǵĵһӾʹݵ˼ǱߡЩԭʹŵļٴαɱڣЮһĳĬš
ۿŴսһСȴͻȻߺ죡ǵõݶȥҵóǷŵľˣ
ôκҲʣֻ̧ͷ˿ݶһѱС㣬ܣݶϡ
ݶ߿ʱС̧ͷŶɽͷϦ
ʱǽԲһʱˡƺһɹɽͷ
ƺӡ֤СĲ²⡣
ʱҲϷʵǾںδ
СָָߵϦҲµòǡϦǾӣ
֪ʲôµ֮ǣǿȷõķΪ
ԳеĽ裬Щ˶ٰһ㡣
ʱΪſڱڵԵʣǡ⡱͸ںڰУ裬Ͷȫģôһ¡
Ȼſڵһɢá⡱Ͷ˽СѾڷŵһ˲䷢
ֻ֮Ӱſɳ棡
ٳٲϦƺձȫÿһ䡣
СҪԼĲ²ԲԡҪǸδʵġϦ
Ƿ׷ݶʱԭɢſڵļٻһӿ˽޺Ƶ׷׳ݶӿ
ΣٻǺʧģٵЩԼˣֱӳȥҪߵ
κСĻ̧ͷ˿ϦͻȻóһֱڱ
һֻʸ㳯ǡϦ˹ȥǹ䲻һʱƺͱʲôסˣȻڵϡ
κٲûзһչͬ೯Ϧȥϧ˱ڣ׷¡
̲סЦ㱾£Ҫ˷ʱˣ
ǴСȴͻȻס죬
С̫ˣκ÷ɿ죬ҲЩ㣬Ȼһģһġ
ԣǡϦн籣˿
κ֧ͬһ㣬ħаκٻڼЧá
ܿ죬ǾͿһĹϦǰƺԿѵĺۼ
ڣκʮ֮һֻεϣǰɳԶ
ǵҪǡϦʱȻͻȻŻ𣬺ܿͱȵĻڻվ
С֪ǲٿش˳ǵıʩ۷
ԾļҲã
ʲôܲа顰Ϧġ
ʱóƺҲ֪һͷҲʧ˶Ūģеļŭǵʯ·£ʼһ߾߹Ÿá
ƸĵӺͺ˶ڷ赲ЩļٻǣģۿšǡԽԽأ׷
ķһ̣ҲЩزסۿɼǱٶԽԽ죬ۿžҪֵסˡ
СҧҧͻȻԼ彣춷ȻκٺܲܺŽҵǷţ
κٿ˿ĽܿС뷨У̫Σգ˭֪Ƕʲôţ᲻ᷴ㣡
ڿɲ۵ʱСóһϣû˼ﻹǲ
ʱһ߷ӽһ߸£Ǳˣ죡ĳŲסˡ
ЩҲʵͬ飬κٺԩҶͷĬĬһۡ
Ȼǲ鲻Ըض£ؽס˫֡
ĽСĴСȥַǵļȻһ𣡡
ֱһСʱǡϦȥ
׼ԾʱСѾ춷ֱֱţΪϦϮȥ
˵ıˣС㵯úܸߣǵɵһʱСԸо·Ǧ׹Ľţק
ȻǷŻڸ翹ͼǣС׹¡
ʱС۴߶ﵽ˽һ֮ǣš춷šϦȥ
⼸ΪҪժӵԵʣС㽫˽һľõǵӦ֡
Ĵ߶£춷ͷ·ǿĴקСǰС
ɭ佣â֮·ܽճѡ
һ̫ѣù췣֮ĺ⣿
ʱǽɿСǰУȻǺùġϦݺݻȥ
ֻĹ⵱һϦȻ羵һѣȻѷ﷢ʹ˻
С㿴÷羵ƬѺ֮䣬¶һž㵵
ȻһСѾϳˡ
ţһ˴ѷϮ֮ǣһ߽⣬Щĳԩ꣬ЩҲڻһѿĵ֮ϡ
ŷ׷ɵƬǹɻƺķһӾͽС˵档
ʱݶϵߴ˷׷ԾֱҪȥסС㡣
ϧĶ΢Щûκ١С㱻ȽκٵĻص˵档
ʱٿܣǷسǿտĽҰ
ҹ紵ܲһļžŽǵĳХصϢ
һжʻֽٺ֮С
ʱѾҹǶ㣬ϼسǾǰԶŽգһӡ
ȷӦҡҡλε˵ץһڡ
׽֮ݵɬζ⣬һϲµңܳԣӳǸط
黹ûꡣ
С㶨鿴⣬ܿڵϿ÷ֽȼյĻҽһ
ЩһǳصĽֲֵûм¢شأ
Ҳ˵ǷʵһֱԭشתתȴⲻһĶֵ
пʱµʱµķס׷κǡ
ǳˣϦںδ
С̧ͷܿ㷢һô߸ߵϹһƵİͭͭƬ㡣
Ȼ֮ǰóǣͭǶȣӳسǵӰ񣬱任ġ
ͭһԻһյŹĵƣڳиܵϦ֮⣬ԼƹӳڰͭϵĴ˰ɡ
κϣӺ͵ժ鿴
һǵ֮ƿ˱ӡ
ԭǵ֬磬ȴֳš
˾˺׾ܱŵ֬
֬˼壬ʬ֬֬ƺĶ
κٽӹϸһϳﻹа׵Ŀˮ
óþĿˮУȼʱҲý֮˲Ծز˻þ


45 
ͭŵǸѰͭûʲôǾ汻С˴󶴣Ʋ
С㷢ͭճ˼ŷġ
ɽڵĻƲֽĲͬЩһֹ⻬ϸƤֽƳɡ
κһ±ЩƤ
Сüͷǰķͬ˲Ūа֮
ٶһȴƤķľȻɽڵķЩͬȻв죬ȴܿͬڡ
ͬǷڵĴСô衣
Ϊڣԭͬ¾ǸЩħĽƭӻΪһ̸
һΪ֮˸ҪƷУƫ
Ļ֣Ȼǽаһӵ˼£ǱĴɿЩɽƤָ֪Ĩڷڣ
ǲ֪ٿ֮ˣ֮ǰͭ˶
ʱҲŵһ߷Դбͷһʣʦģôɽô񣿡
СԿĵʦһ˼أ
αĲãɽڣ
ʦɽһΣ˼ҵȻҲؼддš
ҲǸκǰĴǰ˾֮ǽйء
ʱκչ޸ضԼ޻۸ͽ˵ڣ޷
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Ϊʦһģټκٴӻþ֮Ǵļŷģƺϡ
κǰ㿪ʼзѰʿܡ
κٱɱʮ꣬ڿɽһ
СƤģֻȻ֮УԭʦɽڵӣȴǴ⼸аŵķĿʼġ
ֻΪЩаһ棬ƺ˴ĸЩ亦ˡ
ҲΪƤƣ˻ƲֽټĸĶЩݵķʧԭ
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ȻС㻹ǵκپһְ𣬰ԭĹ켣ɽڵڶʦĵס
̾һ󣬱㽫Ƥպãļκٵ˵ǣ֣µƹһ
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Сһˣƽʱ㻭ıӣ˼ҳ֮ʹļ׵ôôд⡭ôȫҵ֣ʦ̰Ľ֮Щɳɵ׸ɣ㽫ҵͳͳʦκ٣̫ⴺʷһ£
ԼǶԽˣ͸ˮ޺ۣǱʦ¼Ǿˣ
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ʦΪǫѷ͵˾󼰣
κʦͽ֮ŻñĻЦһ£ƵǻóҲҪд̫ϸˡ
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һţκټҵɫһһµһǿӲŵһаħļٶҲҵа˺£Һθɣ
óǲŮӵǵ龳ЩҲӿڵˣС㲻Ҳ˵Щ߰鲻ҪɲдÿҪҿ
Լĺӣɻ㲻ǲʶô飿
ֱ׳úܣǺˣÿʮ֣Ҳѧˣ
̵ͷʾԺѧȫϺˣ
£Ƿϻ֪Щڵǵ¡
ˣһպ󣬾ȻֻץЩëƤĵ鲻š
˷µгֱС㣺κ˵⾵ʱӺˣǲ
Сתͷû̫塭
ʲʲôֵŸǣһʱҲԸֻͣ磬ƸĵڿնԽ߸߳ǳأǰѰҸȥˡ
С㿴ıӰŸٸˡʵú
ţСơϦŵһ˲䣬ڷ϶
ԣ˵Ҳ̫׼ȷǡһűҪ
Сֱ˸ЩϵԷžڲᡣ
ŲԶسǣȻǲǻ򣬿ԤУڵҲѷڻóǡ
뵽⣬һкߣǽȥһλ
ˮ̶粻ɢѾȥգǲ֪үķأ

˵ʱسڵһƬ谵УһѪ۵ӣֿصͭƬ˵㲻˵һʧΪǸСôƽˣ  
ԭǰͬ÷һƵĳǳء
һŶñһŷ£۴Ƿһ˲䣬ӳһֳֽħŮһ»ǰͭ
ͭʱǶñӾȻƾŮĿһ£ҲɵͭƬˣʱѪۡ
ҺʱקǱЩҪŮĽˡ
ۿŹһñһѪۣյҴʦֲµԭȫͻӷǼ뿪޵Ѫôͻǿ󣬸˿ɺ˲Ȼ˫˫ֶǿʳʬ֣һжҪ˳ö࡭ܣǴʦܼʱ󣬾ѡ 
֮ԣ̾˿Ҳû뵽ǾȻ˲áͭѣǸСƺ㡭
ĻǸņ̃ͷһŲδؿҡˮѾйƶ˲ܶĴɵ˶Ϊ֤һ֪ĳҧˣڻó￴Ӱ
ⶵñ¶Ȼġ
ˮ˵Ƹغء
ֻ˵̧κ׽ӵڻ£سǡ
ǺЦɫĶӷҲУһʱˮҲпԭ
غЦµô̳ϻ̳Ͽֵعص²ңȻһغأɴԼĸиµΡʵѾǺӵľġҲˣǸС̫ãҲ̫ǽթ˵İƻһ˴
ͶʦƸ󣬲Ȣϸ֮ŮΪޣʵϣΪ֮·еԶЩǿϧˣǺд֮࣬ҲܴӦ
غæµһֱĴнգҲȫȻ벻ࡣƣΪСһУѾ˲ϧ;ֹЩ̨»һֱĴɵһҲ뿪̫ãһ޷ʦֲǿҪ˿ҪҪΪס̨
˷󷨷ɣƺ˥ϰ࣬ԭ⻬۽Ҳϸơ
غصĽ飬º͵С²Ҫʦ֡зӣﲻ̫ġȻǸСпĿܣ͸ϿȥʱĴҲΪ֤ҿµһߣ򲻿ɹһ񣡡
غظϽͷӦ£ʱֵ͵µٲҪ˧Ǹҡ
ȻֻᣬҲ˼ˣֻǻЦЦ
غʧ֮ܵڵصãȻ˽Ŵ򿪡
һһ׳ڵϣһʹ޵үҵŮҲҶ֣˳𲻱ĲΪˣ
ҵѽҡǸˮ̶类ʳʬ˺ҧŮŮ
ǰұۣΡ
κҰ󣬲һݷɽ˾
˾ֵĹ򣬷ųŮȥ꣬Ȼ˽˾ȡһҳ
ֻҪд֮ʾһ䶼й¶
ұҪиĿ϶۸ıԼ
ȻõȴûбĹ˸˽˾ľˡ
ҵҰĺܴ󣬲һݷ۸ΪԼıòɶȻ
˭֪ƿصŮȣȴమȻ¶ʵ顣
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˽ߣܷܲɣҪȻͻᱻɡҺѲ˾֮Ѫǲҳ
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굱˵˽ߣĻƺһӡ֤
ǰ·ɱκ٣иĪķڴС㣬ȻʳʬͻҡĲãȻһʶơ
ڣԼİŮɱҲȫǶԷʦͽµĶ뵽⣬Ҿͺ޵ֱ
һٲҪˡԼò
ԴʿƢһ͡
ҵҲֻһýһº͵ЩǸŮΪҵҵиʱֺ֮Уʱ򣬾˵һ鷲ˣõɣֻ֮ܽνһ˵õȮ졣ԸУʿճɡֻ˼裬ʱܴ죬ֻ
˵ʱƺѹ̲ס۽ʪ
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˵ϢͻȻЩң֪ƽϢѪæ߹׼ƽҵϢ
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ү㡭㡭
һʱֻܶԲ۾ֵؿźЦ
ӹʲôʱȻ֣ٿץĵצצ䷺ڣٲȻħ֮࡭
ӹץģȴȻЦⲻһǰԵȻֿŮѾȪкãδ£Ѿ¡ģƽң㱨ѩ޵ģ
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ҵʹʣͷԵڵأһƬѪ֮С
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⴦ʱһЦɢɲ⡣
ٲһͭˮǰ
ӳ£ˮ֭Һ˱ǶŨѪζʾһѪ
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ǰһǵ֮Ѫ˸׵ס
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ȥ
ʱڸڵѪֽһĶֽһĶǲȱҳдӬͷС֡
֣֮ǰѾˣѾġ
Щһ뾩үͨʿнһıõɵĹ¡
УλүͨŮѪᣬﵽഺפȻƿĴɣǶԸʶԼıκꡣү½׿ޣŭ´󺵣µλȡүӵǻȨ㳯Ұ
үʱѾ֪˱ȵλҪջ˵Ķͨ˲󼰵֮·
ǣүµĵɽûóǳħκħΪһħ˭֪Ǹκħ֪ʲô˵İȻԼڵħ飬ħ֮󣬱ɶɽɡ
үȴòҳʾȻһﻮǱɵħͽɱɢռħκԭλһ졣
Ƕô˳Ĺ°˰ٿᡣ
֪ʼĹҲүԭøǧһجȹһޣΪһ
ҵõҳ֮󣬾ЩɷӣһֱڳԸα仯֮󣬲ŻòҳϵĹ·ı䡣
ֱ󣬲͵컻ĳɴơ


46 
ԭҪģǾҵҵҳϵһ£ĵزãһؽҳתΪʵ
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죬ٿŽѪҺƤֽʱԭȴһʧ
ɫ䣬һ̲סȥǲҳɾʱհһƬֽϣȴֳµһд֡
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ʾһǿƤҳ³׵ףðһѪ֮󣬱޶ˡ
۾ַŸױߣĵؼʣ֮ˣ٣⻰ʲô˼
ѪĲҳȴҲûи
վֱӡȻƤҳⲻ꣬Ǹ֮ˡȻԭ˳˳ˮĳ֮·
ۣϸһ·ĸ״ıǸڵĴС㣡
ԭС֣
㣬ʮƶϾԭ֮·ʵ̫ˣÿοʱѪӿ޲һɣǽϸġ
ĳ֮·ƻһʲȥĲиʣ
һлüȡ֪ҪһصԭĹ켣ϣһض̣
ȻҳĹͷϸ΢仯ı仯ȴǴŮ˼ӿʼġ
Ҳֻнһ죬ߵҳŻᱻٴλѡ£ĴɵȴǵһҪˡ
ϵѪٴλָպı飬߳ҡ
˵Сκٵһˣ΢ڳ˵ȣȷⶼûŮ˼ټ󣬲ſʼԽǽǡ
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СλȻǰҲɫ󣬾Ⱦѵӡ
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ȻЩӵ˼Ҳһġ
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С⣬λƺĹ죬һʱֲ֪Ӻβ
κҪҪȥκȴ˵ҹã￴
Сеýһ½òá
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ǰʦԳ֮ˣԷһֱˡ
Сƺ˾ͱ˳ܿտˮˮļܡ
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ܼȻָôҵͬʱȴҲϬذĴɶɽҰˡ


47 
ʵܼ˵òҵϵȷͬԨԴ
ҲԸͬջҳԱִ
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ʱ̧ϵغأ˿ңôı¡֪ǣҲܱܹƵĲҾ硭
԰ҾǴӳģǸŮΪ磬ħҲΪĸϵ
ǣ²̨Թҵ˷йһˡ
ĴɵĿ̱ӣҲ֣˵ʲôΪһİס
˾ϲ⣬Ѹ½ҷңǹģҪĴɵʵȻȡ֮
˽ͷ϶ֹжĥɱ¿ԮǽƳøɾˡ
챿ҲøЩǳִ֮
ɸڸ˫̥ŮȴãȻĴ˹ȥŴִĹײĶó֮ڽǰ͵һá
˲俪ѵĹ϶̴Ǽǳĵŵûɢһ᲻ֱ񣬿ҪĹ⾰
ӣһ˫̥Ůɽʱչ¶֡
ͷĳ֪ͽҪưʧͽıΪǽ
ʱ˫̥¶Ц⣬һһǼˮ˵ҪЩӡ֪Ҫ˵
ЩӵıƣҲǲм
Ϊ縺˾ΣбµĴܶȥݵĴ
˲Ըǣ̫࣬ѵ˲ɽ⣬Ȩҷ
Ȼ˾ҪԶ쳾ѾͽûбҪҹǣ̫
ÿ죬ȥҲ죬ͷתۼ߸ɾˡ
ʣµĴɵһΧǾͷʬ岻֪ôճ
ֻſ˽·ң͵͵ЩаŹôһŵү֪Ҳпԭ
ָʹҵأ
ۿĴɻǲģغʱڣһ߿һ߿ڵλͬĪҪ˴ģᱣӴնޡԶزۣ߱к֮ˣԴļҵĶ͡ȻҼ飬ȻѾΪʱȻĻλ˭Ը꣬ģΪѴʼң
غԲ飬ļ֮壬ҲǴ봫˥ԭ֮һ
ӣ˶˵ˡ
Ǻ׷ܼǳЦһ£ٴγλ˹ֺ󣬱ﳤȥ
Ҳţֻ֮ŴţһϤ㣬ξȥɵſ
غһѾĴ֮˿ʼԴСžţȻɢүǴҵѪǻҶǸ˺ʼߣ֮ࡣ
֮ӣ裡
үҲĴɵӣѽץţȥױĴɸ쳾Ⱥʼá
һʧŪСǱɣ۶ϰУԼһ
ľ峤ͺӵģһ㣬ͻתۣǼȻߵļҲҵһġ
֮һִſھۼĴǸһݻȫɢ
ٱȥ±ʱǸ׷ֳſڡ
¿˿ԵСˣȺүἰĴСκǶʦͽ
Сүߵ̴ӣæʦĴɺˣǶʦͽ
⻰ǰ׷۾ûг֣ǵǳס
˵⻰ת׼ȥͻȻתͷŴСʦͽڵĴһۡ
СκٲԼͬͬʱ񣬽ӳڷϵľߡ
СЧòȥǵΣȥϢԷĴҲãҲգȻһ˷ǡ
ǺܼҵĶȻҪЩĴܻҪЩȻǣ
СǱ۾ʱҲԱУЧﵽ֮
ǰ׷ӻܣڲûзֲ֮ڷԸ˹˴š
κһǸ׷ӣȻСתָǻԺ󣬱תͷߵС㣺˶ˣҲҪ𣿡
֮ŷߵŮƺһֱ
СԭȲʮֿ϶ƾ￴ĸףϾӦˮ̶ˡ
ɾڷţΧʱλ¸صغؿǴͷǹؼʱþƷ΢ı仯
С㲻òԼλ˼֮Ĺϵ
κֿһʱСŻ
ͷ¥ϸʵʥ֪һʱһ̽ˡ
Ƹغصɵ㣬ܲκ
뵽⣬Сκ˵ԼĻɡ
κñڵȻһ᲻ȥ̽̽λصĸ
˵ţǱ˳Ƹȥķһ·ǰУܲ׷Ƹˡ
·ϣС㵹κٿǸ׷ӵ񣬾ʶǸ׷˭
û뵽κȴζؿĲʶΪǷڸӦͬԴأ
СлʣڣǺεɣ
κٿС治֪͡
ԭڣĴ֮⣬ز¶ɡ
ڹ˼壬Ԧ֮һԷΪ壬ǿ
֮Ѿа
֮Ը֮Ƥ˲м֮ͬ
һʦаʦ
˵ΪΪһϧ¾߹ز˵һĴ׷ɱ
ϧ伣òڵˡ
ʦΪ߻ħһҹ׷ڰ֮ǰһᵽ׷ˣ̲סаʦ
Ȼ׷ǧǧκڻóľۿƤҲ뵽伣õʦ
ȻǸ׷˸ղĴʱʵ̫ˣʵڲһ˸еȣҲܲκٻɡ
СŻȻԭκڼһ÷𣬿÷ķģ㻳ʧѾõĹǧ˿Ƶϵ
ٻǳμʱκٵ̽С㵹һκٰΪʦ⡣
ǿ⺢ûɽܣһʦŵķ롣˼踺أǱɽڵ£̽͹ϵ
һС̶ס˽Ųߵָͷָκٵüͷð㡭һʼ㻳ɽڲɣΪλҪΪʦ
κüڵҲֻЩܿͷֻӦֻͬԴȴһ·Ͼаɵ㣬ԼаҲ̫ίЩˡ
ͻãôһ˵Сһû
ԭԼ̫аˣ
ûٵ˵κѾһ·ʼˡٲЩɾ׷첻Ƹˣ
СҲ֪ڲִʱ򣬲ٴʶԼͽĻɲ⣡
ӣħǿϧأ
˵Ƹһڵӳ֮󣬱ˡ
غԼڻþ￴ӳӵģǸС㡱Σζؿӣʵ֪ҷֿ㶼ʲôЩرˣ
һʣЩܽģ˵ЩԼľ
ڴС飬Ȼܾ;
ϾС㶼ǶԽصģأҲܽ
Ǹײ֪ǲ˸һӣͻȻһѪʣǸڴС㣬Ǻιϵ
Ŀ죬ڵǸڵʲôϵ͵ҶҪѵһˡ
غζؿ˿ӣڵΪչ٣ΪԺҪ֪츳߿ɼģҪϧ츳򲻿ɵŮ˽飬ķ档֮գҪѰҵΪ飬ҲӦĸĴ֮ŮһЩ·ҰѾͷ
˸һô򣬾øЩ죬ɲء
ȻҪȢС㣬ȴΪ˿ħԵ֮١
£ȻԼܻȢСŮӡ
Ը˵Щԡǲ֪ΪΣĶȴĪĲ
һʱҲԼΪβֻŮӱСȻ֮󣬲ԴӱԼǿܰݵʦҿǲѷ֮󡣶ԭ˵ͶƸҲǸƸЩԵӡ
ʱСκϢƸһҡ
ĻСЩ졣
ΪУµһڵſͺñȱţƤһţʮΪ˽
һһ۵ˣƽʱǼ٣ȴĸ״Լʴϻۣ
û뵽Ϊǿġû뵽ǰصľȻһؿ
غƺû뵽һТ˳ĶӣȻΪǸС㣬Լײ
ɵɫƸʲôҰɽʲô޶գ룬Խ״ˣ̻תƸȥϵŹ泭дٱ飡ûҵ󣡡
˵⻰Ǵǿ˼
׶ŭδɵõĵҪУˣ˭͸ף
ڶһ֮ԸףҲԾ˵Щ
غؿһɵĶӻڶײŭɶҪңƸ£ëͷСӾͲܳˣһб£ʱȥϽȥĸף
һĶŭˣԸѪ̫죬ڰݱ˸ףżӼ۶ȥ
СκٲûȥĬĬغء
ߺغؼ̵ת˷򣬳سǵķۻһΣһ֣ҷԸ⣬ûҵķԸ˭׼
˵̧һգȥ
ڶµӵҰʱغػߵòǣɴ߳˵ǵҰΧĽŲȽ٣ԭ͵Ҳֱͦˡ
ںСκٲɵһݣغع⣬˶װģ
ΪغطֵԵʣûп̫վͣһøϣȻӸ¼غء
غ̧ǷһҹɵһӰֵ˳
СκٽɫһǸͷ׷߻һĿӣɲǰλĹܼ
ֻغضǸ׷ӹ񣬿ڵʦ֣
ǸʦֵĹܼȴޱ飬غƸﻳˣŮ˸ǻķ˱£Ѿ˾ֻס۱ɡôһëѾͷȥǾãĴɷ룬Աóգﻹô鷳
غΪøڶǰʮ㣬ȴ̧ܼͷ
ҧҧԼ⣺۲ƣ˵˼ҲҪκСӳٳٲħѾԭļƻˣɾҪˣ
⻰ϵĶͬʱһ
κû뵽ԭǸƨүԼ˵ԼܳħǴӺƶϣ
Сڵľȴ羪κˣ
Ƕ֮ˣȻ֪κٳħľ
ΪغҲĵһκٲܳħӣѵҲδ֪Ϥ
ֻԼ괩͸¶˸ףҲκٳħѪϴƸҲһ֪ˣ
ԣ˽⣬ȻᰵЩСӦǲй¶İ
֪˸ףʱ췣ǣף
й¶ܣôغ֪κδģ
ȥΪʦֵܵάһ㣬ĻǵҪκѹƻ죬ճħ
ʱ¶˵ĶԻڼ
Ǹ׷ĴʦƺҲغʧ̫ԼùƿĴѲܡϧҵĿķȴʧҪķģʱáƸ֮⣬ɻδܱƿУҪ⣬ǸߵŮ˼꣬һҪץҷųʱԭܽһܻ񣬿ɺ޾Ȼ˰ƹһ١ƺˣӦòûԶȥ
˵ţǰ׷Ӹغһŷ½ƵķŮȻˣʱѴĸȻ󡣡
غؽӹǷʱС㿴÷Ǹ׷ķ֮ʵأ֮ǰڻóͭƤһģһġ
ʱЩȻ벻ǸóǱغسƺΪʦֱֵʣ
ҲƷмҰѵľκٲ²伣õĹаʦ


48 
غؽĻӡ֤κٵĲ²⣺ʦ֣ôóȻĴ֮ǰһĴɵϳҪһˣ
ǰ׷ЦĴɣ֮ˡҵģĸˣɺҵǵƣһʱʧ߻ħͷ׷ʦ֮겻˳ĲΪˣ
ʱͻȻ˝ϸꡣ
СͷʱСһһã
ȻȥκϢͻС꣬Ҫ¶ǵˣ
ֻ˵ʱҪ̧ͷҲͲܷˡ
ϧõĲ飬顣
תʱǸʦ΢΢ۣͻȻŤͷŴСκٲĴȥ
С㰵һãͷһԭԼɰѾˮʪģκҲڷʧЧʱֳΡ
Ȼ׷ӲϢ̧ͷѰҡ
̧ͷʦͽ˵˲䣬ȻֵŷҲ˳ȥ
ɽڵĻֽͬ׷õĽƤ֮ƤƳɵķ
ķ꣬˦˲䣬СıϢͳһѪŵζ˶ǱѪ֮С
ŷƺڵˮͬ
ʱ㿪ʼΧΣһ۳𽥱ѪɫѪ
ѪϮʱż˻ĵ֮С
Сϸ룬ȻȻҲˮΪܣͼֵסѪɫˮϮ
ԵķˮܣδͬˮѪһӾʹˡ
ҺκټʱּܣסѪϮΪСȡһʱ䡣
Сʦģһ򶼲̫֪ԼͽΪչǹ⿴ֵܾܵסڵʦɼΪߵĿɲֹһ㡣
κǰ׷ӶĹСϽӲٴˮĬھҪٿѪٴɢ顣
νĲǷӳ塣
ͺҪҪľۣſ÷Ч֮˵ϣֽͬһ㡣
ǰõķԭа·ƤƤԴģ޶ȵǿ
Ȼǳ֣ڲٿطһϣɲֻŶ̶µĴС༰ģ
С׳ˮҪѪĿȨʱԸоֱֽѪʱľǱʲôݺסһֻǰôһ£Ǳһקһ˲ʧȥʶ
ǷУɲĸභĿº
ƿر˵ķģҪ̷ɡ
ʦΪǫͣһӶƽ͵֮·żЩСħС֣ͬ
̸˵صĹŲؼ˸Ӳ˶һ
СԼѪڵһȱ
ǰհ׵һ˲䣬ֻûë׷·һ㣬ԼʶͬʱƺһаҪȡĿȨ
Сʧȥʶһ˲䣬ֻǵ͵˵һ⡭綨һˡ
ȻûϵСﻹסλӵķ͡
СĻ鱻ݶ˲䣬һֱ˯ħС㾫ѹƣ˲ѡ
κٸоҪ˳ʱתͷҪСߡ
ɵκٻͷ˲䣬ȴŮֱ㶵վţֻãȻĴѪһĺ죡
С㣡鼱֮£ʦˣֱ֡
ǴСȴƺţֱؿǰİ׷ʦ
ʦɻС㷽ͼ֮٣ѪϵĻֽҲѪˮʪģ
ʦС㻭ķ̲סʧЦҲǰͲȻвЧҹڷĵģϧèѧЩƤëëѾͷҵѪ㣡һȱһ׷ϸƤ⣬
˵⻰˫ٿǣżһ㣬͵һӣٿʧС㳯ȥ
С˫ŰеĻӶľȻǰȥ
κٿΣŵֻٴθС֡
ȥקС㣬ٿصǿסعѪ
һȥקС㣬ҪʧܵıѪпܽǵ崩ɳ©
ۿСҪקȥˣκٽһᣬֻ˲Ĺ򣬱ܸԼ֮ϡ
תС㣬ԼֹǰеͬʱҲԼܵĺ󱳣ֵѪй͹
Ѫйһ㣬һµĽȭűܻκٵĺ֮ϣκٺͷζӿһһѪ
ѪСϡ
Ǳ˵ѪЩκٲСħı
κٵѪζһڣСħ·˸¶Ȫһ㣬ħ˲䱩ǡ
ֻŮС࣬Ѫں۾Ѫ졣
ĴУСԭķ˿ͻȻɢ⣬ԭĳ̼βڰƮ
κٵٴκС㣡ҪסĪҪħ
û˵꣬ħ˵ŮһĳХ͵ƿ˱κ٣ݺݵһԵĴϡ
ڰգƴСŲ̶аȵЦֱֱͼٿİ׷ڣ
غغʦŮͻı仯ˡ
ʦɴ˫ۣصؿŰеŮ૵ôôôǿħԣ
ת֮䣬ʦֳһƬϲɫ
ڵ˶Щռ񱣬ϲռ޵ƤƷԽǿޣķԽǿ
ԽΪ֮ˣԽĺòϡݺĴɵĴܣڷ֮ǰİ㣬Ʒĺòϡ
ûħǿŮ⣬޲ɱ
ٿشС㣬ͼסж
ʦʱƯڰյŮҲ߾˫֣ȫǳ˿޵ӡ
ʦ¶ʮþȵЦʱ
СϸָѾ̳˺ڳָף͸а֮ȻͻȻһسŰ׷ڷ˶
ãŮӾȻҵĲٿأ׷ʱѾϾٲٿѪϮκˡ
æȡƤĬѪȥ
һ˲䣬ѪΪһ壬øֱŴСӭȥ
ϧһΣӭսѹǳé®ķŮѾħħ
ֻһӾͽѪ𵴿ԭڵƵ˲䣬ΪѪ˵档
ħСצһѾҪʦĺˣ
ҺغؼʱСʹ̹ȥĴʦӹһ١
ʦֵܶС㶷һ
µǣ޵ʦֵʱŷ֣ԼΪȻֵֻܿסħŮֵơ
ȻʦͼٿΪŭԴСÿһйƣֱָʦ
ʦԣҲʮջ
֪ȥԼֻ֧ŲסˡڷһȻܳ뻯ǸһѸٵȣͳԿЩ
ûглĻᣬֻܱ˰ڵʹŹ
뵽⣬ʦҧҧѲƶͻȻֳԼʦغһơ
غزص˴ʦֵǰ棬ԵֵСĹƣǾȻһӱץסڵĳ״̴类צסһ㣬۵غطİ
׷ʦʦܣҪǣסħŮٳУ
ʱѾȡһѪķ׼ڴСüĴ
ССҵ˽ų޵ĿѪɡħһϣ̷̨
ȻֻƬ̵ЧãȴѾ㹻ˣ
ʦܣֻЩסħŮˣ
ϧۿҪϣħŮƺʲôקһ£Ӱյ䣬ٴˤ˻ȥ
ԭ˴򶷵ĹκֹסŻѪšŨüŮ
ΪħҵĺȻܱϳСѾħˡ
ȻǱΪĹʦֵϧ
Сȥɱ䣬ɱ¾ζǸɰʦҲزˣ
뵽⣬κٵϣ̳˲ʵӣСĽ˦˹ȥС
Сʱ·ѾˣΪκжǨŭצ̻˹
κٶָ׻һӣŽѪ
ɾκҲûɿıӡ
ӲҵĽħħпãǸħС㱻סȴƺ޷Ӧ
ֻתɭɭؿκ٣Ǽϸĺצֿʼ˺˸ɵˡ
ʱʦκסС׵ĹٴηѣʳԹǵСĺϮȥ
˾ԣһƵıƤմȾѪ⣬ǴҲ˿ãȫ
κС㣬ȻҲСǰ׷ڵС
ǱܿСϮҪǷɵС뵽⣬κٵϣٴμܣС
С׺ץסĲ
˵ʦκٲԼܱС㣬ɵЦ
СӲ֪Ӻδѧľڵܣģ
ϧĴɵʽϰ£Ҳ޷Ǿˣߴչ
СӣȻȥۿҪʦˡ
ʲôҪֻκٱСȻܲƣ
ɾʱκͻȻȥС㴽ϣôסԼĲӣ׺ȥ
һʱ䣬˿ĴҶƺҲЩҲ֪δ
һӽŲ°Ħ֮ԽԽ
ԭغصĲҽ̫һӽƸĵ˹
Ŀؿһ˿裬а͸˵Ů§˰գӵһ
ЩӺģȻȥغ
˵ԭ׸֮󣬾׼۷Ƹ󡣿û뵽ȴһ·Ѱ
ԭʦʦ棬һ·Ѱֻܸû뵽ȴ
ʱС̻ΪȮΧٸֱתת
Ϊʱס죬˵˴Сκڸ׵顣
һ۷ȥѰҸס
Ȼ˵Լĸ׸ǸʲôĹ±仯̫죬ʶҪκ֮⣬ȻҪǰǱŵĸ׳Կ㼱һ·
˵֮󣬲ŷԼӣƺ˵˲ýġ
ͷҲҶ㣬ֻܴȥ׷˴СǵĴ¡
ûǼԶԶغصʹС
ӿӣȴô˼һĻ
ӵǵŮʱĵһӦǣĪԼʲôóǣǰڻᱡ
Ҳܸ㱾ԼѵĸΪϻˡ
ǲ֪κҲ֮١֪С֮ħԴ󷢣ΪڵħħԷԵʡ
ħ鷢ȻСʦʧйء
Σ֮£κ˸󵨵ľϣԼͳεڵԿಸڵС
һκٴδħǿźɽȪڵ
츳ɵٶʵԶ˴С㡣
κٵڵС֮ںʢȡСԪ񣬿ʼѹڿħԡ
ڵ븹˲䣬СֻһɸȪѨӿ룬˷·һƬڵ̶˳ڻָһ˿־
ֻǴߵˣЩ㱣ΪԼˡ
Ͼһſ˵ʱμȻسЦҲ
ôΣμκٳ΢һЦһߵʣѵͽÿʦĲң
ΣͺǴݶҹĿԣúܽʱһͱȥ˵ֳʲôĵӡ
Ҳ£ʱͷͺá
Сһʱ磬ΪԼֱԼô͸߳Ĵ
һʱΣ˳סĺԡ
ʱԼ˾Ȼ飬͵صɴ۾
ǿģӣɺͳ
ɾʱԱǴһͳŭ𣺡㡭ʲô
СʱηѣתͷϵԲ۵ŵܺ¼
ôҲˣǰɲС
ϵ䵽ϣСȻ˹ٿڵѪغأǰ׷ʦ
С㳹׾˹Ȼƿ˰κ١
κٵڵʱѾɸС㣬Ȼʧȥڵ̨ȣôһƣˤ˵ϡ
ҲʧˣʦֻԵСĺϮȥ
ɱϮκٵڵʹСԶ˷Ӧ
ֻ˦˱չٴλӳܣסֻɵͬʱּ춷ʦϮȥ
СǶ϶Ƕʦ
ͺδɵСսʦүЩ֪ߵغ
κٵڵ⽵ħ춷췣á
⽣ͺص˵УӵҲ˲ǿ


49 
췣֮ӹȥʱʦԸоһɲɵֵϮ
ֹУϮʱѴ֪
ʦһã
֪ǸСõʲôһɽԵİ
ΪڣͲóսѹ֮ӲӲ
ԻûȽʦæ󳷡
췣֮ǽʦܵѸ٣췣֮Ľâǻһա
췣Ƿܾܵģʦ˫մѪɱ¾صˣʹ裬۵ѽһҽУˤ˵ϡ
֪Ҳ˲Լʦغأ˳ƵȼеĴ׶ݵطΪһ̣ʧ˵ǰ
ʱҲ˵ڵصĸغأϽȥ˸ףһ߼˴һ߽޺޵ףκ㣿
ʱ̫ԶЩǲǰһЩˡ
ڿ׼ͷצ͸ǵ˿ڣļһֻˣ
ڶٶǰĹ켣κɥĸӳسǺƺҲǸ״ȥ׷Ȼκˡ
ûǴĻڼιǵλãץ˵Ҳʮƣ˿ںø׾þδȬڵΪҲΪԺ
˶ʻغѵʹָ˴Сҵġħ㲻Ķ֣ȳ
ʵغ޵ĲǴС㣬Ǹ˵ƵĴʦʦ
ڲǼƽ˵ʱǱϽϣȻԼĵпɾҪһˣ
⻰ȴٴδһһΣ˺׵ľȻκ٣˴С㣿
뷽ŵΣС㷢˿ɢ˶͸˵аħٲȻħˣ
ϸ룬ͻȻ֣ʵСѾκ˳ħĴ·
뵽⣬־ŭ
κ˸ףȻѪծѪ׷Ȫ䣬ҲҪκٸۣ
ħȴƫƫǴС㣡
ȻŮһëӣʲκٴǲͬžȻκӵһ뵽ŵΣԼĶҪըˡ
˸׵ǴС㣬ȴ˺κ١
غ˵꣬ȴֶɴؿŴС㣬ȫֵӣҲռˣ
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˵ȫħĴСסˡ
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Ļ̱ܣڶʼһʦ棬ʦħпԣпԭ
ĳɱ飬ĮԣŽħʦ治һʱˣûɱˣ࡭ǡ
ʦκ⻰˹˹ĵЩ˵ˡ
ʱǻȻֵ˵Сɫħ
Ͻȥ졣
ʲôɺͳǣҲ˵
˵С㷽Ҳ˺ס˷ͻȻԲѵκһ·񱼡
ڼκƺܵ˵΢΢һ£СԼʱؿʦĻ΢΢գ̵ĳޣˮϹ⣬ʦôˣɼǵ÷ŷ£
С㿴˿ǰȷ׷ŽӺ¡
ҲȻ֪κٵǡ⣬ֻǹԹͽǲѶΪֻ֮Ϊ˲ڵѹħԡ
ԺΪεʱȴЩΪݺᱡԼͽ
һ뵽ʱĴݽƺڿеĴƸδɢ߳ܵýָ׶ڷ죡
ǡʱһɫħصͺƺκߣ޳ʦ
СЩصǸŵħԷɣʲôǲˣв֮Ī֡Ϊʦ㵱Լҵĺһ㣬ûʲôŮһ˵
˼Ҳ˵һΪʦΪĸĸһĶʦԼҵĴҲǿ˵ùȥġ
ϧɶһͽƺô롣С㾹Ȼӣԭ˵壬ֱˣֻ˹´С㣬ҺδС
С㰵һڣҲ֪󰡣ԣڸгʲô
¿ȡСҪأ
ǹʦʱľԷʧȥʶ
ʧȥƵĸоʵ̫ˡ
˵ʱͻȻֱЩͷӣȴ֮ǰȪѹµٴð˳ձϴΣƺЩ
Сҧҧ̽ʣҷħԷˣ
κٵû˼ֱԲɱҡ
С㶢Լ첲ϵۣεסһ̾
ڶǰκٳħǶΣʦؼѾôʷ赭дˣɻˡħ֮ʱʶ಻ϡ
ڣҪؽκٵĳħ֮·˴룬ֱڲŵһħʵѾʮˡ
£ȷӦȽκٵڵ黹ȥȻκʧڵ̫ãѰΣա
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С˵һҡԴ绨ഺɲ뻹ɥȪ
ʱκȶָСֱ㲻˵ˣԼҺһ㣿ȻˣʲôΪѵģ˵
СոպĸӰʦͽؾŮںݺĿεĴƣЩвһˡ
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Сü˽κٵڵ֮⣬Ĳ׾ǡ
ǸҺö
һԵһֱԴŵţʱ̲סһԡ
СڻóǶռȵˣָûʳԵĴС㡣
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κٲȱӣ׻ʹȥһԺǺũһץ죬γһӵľƲˡ
Сɽֳһ㴻ߦصȿϡ
κٺũ׾ƣȥ´ˮСһ̽š
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κٶƺǰûʲôǰҪϸТ˳Щ
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κٿ˿ӣȴ˹ȥЩۣҪʦҲ
С㿴Ŀ̣ûƿŽ
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ǵѪۣСϡʲôƺãʧȥʶʱиסﲻϺ֡
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Ĵ˵ľ㣬ٴһ𡭡
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Žſ˺ʵĻУ̧ͷκٿ̺һ
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κ޹գ̧ͷҪɻڵˡ
μСˣֻðӣָκ٣ˣ㷽ŵڸ
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κԼЦȻСĻղôңףܾʧ񡣾˵ģΪʦĸαظҽʲôŮ
СöҪðˣչݺݽⲻҪƳȥκٱСһ·ҡ
Сʱߺߵص˴ϣȻͷܲԼ
ȻѾȥˣɷ˫һоȴôҲ첻Ժ
СһʱҼˡƺһСĸκЩ顣
Ǵ֮ˣͲʲô߰㺾
һ̣СԼûʲôϴԷһȥȽЩ߰ɾ˵
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СȲ־ֽЩ죬쳤ӿһ£С㿴ֽǰתʱЬȥѾˣ
⣬˻óԺôӸˣȻ˽ջء
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СĵǾǷθԺΪʦģмͽܶ
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κһﲻתʱСͻȻôһ˿˿ھΡ
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Сûٸֻܳ䣺ι˵ﲻԣôҪˣʲôƢѵøһģ
ͽȻԽ˵ԽˣһҪ˦֣СɴһѱסˣȻˣҲԣдţܳ˰ɣɫôˣΧҲ֪û͹ڵˣʧڵҪȥ
κС§ס壬Ҳ˵ֱܹ뻳ſûҪֵʦ̵ȥģȻٸһˮˣ㿴ĽŶϴˡ
СͷһɲǣԼһżȻ˦Ьӣ˫ֱӲ˵ϡ
ʱκһѱС㣬صݵĴߣȻ˹ıͷţ
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壬治٣ϺĿ꣬Ҳǲ١
һ跽ϴõĺ棬ųԡ
ǰӿԽԽ࣬ҵóЩʳѹѹ


50 
˺棬ҲùĹңҪȻ֮ǰһҪκˣ͵͵˵ˡ㲻˵ȥʲôɽǺ廤㣬ɽħҲ㡣
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ʱһԵҼȴĸǰ˵ķݣȻκ٣ɱ֮ˣҲˣôݵɢε


51 
岻˵κҲĬ
ǿ常ǺĸףĿʱһһѵˣѾ˴ӹġκκٵĸףؿκ˵ɫ˵
һκͷûûСɵٵԲ۾
Ҳֶ֪Ը˶һۣ£
屻̫̫һɣ̹ˡ
ڲûз˼ĻűߵĽȣŲǰϣʵⳡܽ˴ʵѵá٣֪Ϊνⳡǰߣ
κٶԴԼĸǴžģԵʵش𣺡ĸС͸ĺӽҽħĹ£ǰŻļսתΪʤĹؼء
ĸ˵ͷʾ˵ò
ǰļȺ¹ļҵļҳ
ֻʱļȴǸССĺ۱Ͳ¹ߡ
󣬾ǰһսļۿҪһͿʱĳλ۾
Ӵһ·ս¼ҳºպսࡣ
ļҵʱμľٵǵλļķ
Щ£˵ѾǶˣκ֪ĸԲ˵˼ġ
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κͻȻ۾һУƺʲôڵĸҽǰ˵Ůﵱ֮ԡֳ֮ˣԸ·̽ԡһĴ죬һбɽͷõסһǰһ뽭ףÿˮײǴ죬죬·ҲûŮ񼡣ûϷˮ֪λ۾ѡǺ⣿
һｲ񻰹£κһʣСŵģôǰǿɱй֪ľ֮ء
λص۾ѡ⴦ߣļҶԼģ
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ĸЦЦؿκٺС㣺ǶĹؼ
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⴦ǵഫĹ£ܱҼ
Ҳֻⲻ֮νˮڣĸŸ˵ܡ
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˼겻ΪλڣȷѽļͻȺ¹սΪʤ߰
СһҲĸĹһʱ񣬾ʱͻȻ͵Ͳǡļԭ춨ĵ֮Ҫأ
˻һ˼겻ɵõһ
СѾͷ̫ˣ
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ĸС㵨ԣȴֻǶŽˮĳ̾һ޹ͨ͸֮ˣǵĺһŵ츻ɱǣҲµ飬Ҫ˳ˡ
λѡĺԲ֪
ºϵƹø˼飬ҲֻᵱĺǾͽԸԼ۰̩
͸˼Ůݶ˻ԸɢҲƹһԸԸ顣
Ըġƾ١Ҳܵġ
ļΪġԸƾ١ĴƸ
˶뵽ԭɱ˵ļңƭ˽
ӣڳ˶ΪԾĬ˵ˣκٵüͷҲ
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Сص˵ͷԭλ۾ͬУɹƭĹ
ֻ֣ƭ˲Ӷ
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ͽҺŮ֮ܳɽƺҲǸʱʱǸŮļҵ֮ѪԵʡ
ҲǸŮһֱΪԭ֮һ
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СĬĬ⣬ĵ׵ɻȴԽԽ
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ĸ̧ͷ˿˿һһΪϾҪͷλӲ
ԴӴسǴͽҵͷڱµֽҳԼ
ڱ˵ﻹЩ浽ļҺ˵УҪһʰˣ
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ļҺ֪Լƭȥ˶ĵֳֻʲôĳ棿
ʱŭ㽵˾ʧ˲ҳһСŶӲ
˼꣬ЭңòҳʧİףȻҲ
С˵ҷµ͵ʱһӻȻʡ
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Сʱ̲סʣڣ˵Щ£ʵ޹أҪȻһԼ
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򲻵ѣҲȥˡκ߻˹ڴСκǴƻóǵ顣
ﲻ򵥣ıκ⺢һƵı֣ɴµ֡
ϧ˶Щܿء̫̫Ტãǳ־˼꣬κĸǷһ顣еϵħϸñȫȻùײĶӶ˵顣
С˳һк󣬵ȭڣÿһֺ̰
̫̫Цһ°ôģҲðװˡҲǲҳҲ֪ܰΰħķӣ㲻ܣ³֮Ըһйǰɳħ飬𣬴ħ˵
Сɲָ̫̫ǲҳħķӣðһҲֵã㡣
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ĸȴ˵ȻĸףӦҲ֪ɽסŸס
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Ȼһκĸĸڱ𣿡
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˵ʱ̫̫ͻȻĹȣһڵϣŴСκ֣ߵ񣺡ڴˣлˣ
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κҲû˵ԼӦûӦ£һĸĻȰĸ˼ʱȻɽҵ
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κ룬ɽĿǰ˵ĸװȫĲ֮ء
ǰСһֱĬĬĬӶԽһϵ顣
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С΢΢Цԭ˼ɲ⣬ɽеȴȥ
ڣǰ켣ûе˺һһðĺҲ֪
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ȻħʱκٸԸڵôΣͷˣ
ؼǣǸڵʦ
С֮ǰĵڶв㱻ƣڵǶøɸɾ
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ڵĴ죬ǰ󼸰꣬Ҫסˡ
ЦЦСӣʱҰг̣ĸңҲٻǸܼңҷڵĽǿ壬ħôܼħ·ģ
⻰ʦּ߾Եģյлὲһ顣
ⷬȻȾκ٣۾ӣЦʣôҵ˴ʦķӣٿħȡʤ̫ˣҵǿٶڵʦ㡭
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ʲôɣ´ٸǸʦֵʱҪӮˣ
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κ֪֪̽ҳ䣬ͱҪ
ʥػ˵Ȳÿ͵Щ۵ķӡ
С㣬֪ܲϢӹʥĿ̽
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ƽʱãʱʧЧô÷߾͵ñʥ㿾⡣
ǹʦȴʾҪŸһ·ڵǵЧǿЩ


52 
ǹڵķ֮԰ԵΪʹõĲʮ⣬ʹõĶƤ֮ƤҶǴӻϰ룬˺ܴԹ
ЩаΪ壬ȻҲܽаӵ¡
СȻôѪķԭ״ʪʧЧĻֽҲˡ
ĸ˵úܶԣаѹȻ÷ĲԣѹԵĲƷͺˡ
ǸʲôСæϵĸֽţԽϺõƤЩЩаʮƤȣǲһ
ˮԺЩֽŲɰ
СһʱЩ벻ЧķӣԷĴ£Щʳʡ
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ȣϽ۳ڵҲҪ
СѾ֪˵ڵζͺñӤ˼ּ̻ȵĿȼꤸܡ
Ҳϣ´ٴħʱ򣬻øͽܽڵųӡ
תʱ֫ٺ̨ͨҲ𽥱
С˼ƯͻȻһӴ𣬺˷ܵܵκٵķκϴʣĸӻ𣿡
ʱҹκٲû˯Ҳǽ¹⣬ڿڴϢ
ûϣֱϮű߱¶ŮֱȥһĴ
κԼʱ֣ûнĳȥֻǴһƵʦǺܳĵ룺ҪҪСʦҹϮ齵ΣϯӺ׾߻ħģ
С㲢ûעЩӶԼһ뷨ֻ˷ܵػκٵļ򣺡ι˵أҳ˸ɻб
κٴסҪһڵĳ嶯ɤӵС
Сһһڡ
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СҲԼֳƻŻˡ
ܸоԼϣ˲䱻һ˲䣬Ȼһ£ȻֱʦǰĲܿظС
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С㵱ʱûɵѾˡ
԰СգգۣͻȻ򵽣ȻʦѾˣǡǰʦȴúõĻŰ
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С֪˵ԼκĿǵ顣
ʵÿ뵽£СҲѵ
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С˽λµһƷУȻΪ˹°ִ֣ЩڴˣԴȴǴ֮
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Ҳܸ׺飬ֻС֪ħԭħ鸽壬Ҳҵĸϵôβ㣿ֻµħƺԽԽ㣬мƫƧҲϵˡЩҪַħڡ֪һֱ⣬ûгȥ£Ǳ˿²̫˽⡣㻹ҵģϽκٺͺɢˣԼҸطҥƽϢҲһħӦþзӿڵħˡ
СĻһ㶣ʵ˵Щӳˣʲô£
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˵ţӻͳһǾµϻӣݸС㡣
С㾯迴ţЩӡ
һѽСĻ·һʱĸŵǾ£˳˿ֲԣˡ⣬ΪǸκжôĵ΢ŵĵӶڵķܶ࣬ΪƫƫԿಸݷ¶꣬ŮԵߵֶΣϣЩɵŮһճմ˷ģ
˵Щһ۴С㣬ס˸յĳ嶯һת۶ȥ
ͽСǽУԲ۾˵Щ
˵ʲôڵķӺܶ࣬ؿڿڣ
Ϊκȴ֮⣬ֻܿƸˣ


53 
ʵϸ룬һʱЩǵѡʱסκٵĲӣְýֻԿಸ
黹ʱûôˣȷӦЩķӡ
벻촽촽ô
οǸͽδɡʧܡƽռˡ
κٶĵӣħͷʦӸʮ־׼
㣬Сɽʱ¶һ
⼸κٰնȥ̽ϢʱҲǸûˡ
ȻһԺӣͿκԺţ״أ
СйһɱԺʱɷһ£˵Ծ֡
κ쳤ȣҪС˵СһֻۣüһײǺиӡ
κٷѾĵĸ״֪ԼʦСֵϷͽӼ
ǲСҪϻڣԼǿŵĸװɡ
ΪС˵ĵȻκò֪СŸӣûʱͲˣѹͲ֪ģ
ɴеĵӰ˰ɣ
ʱСȴˡκԭΪһ֣СټʱٻЩڣٲοһ¡
û뵽С㾹ȻײϵĲһӽԼײֵúͽֲƵġ
κಽظС󣬺һˮݹȥĹĵȤôˣµӵıûռˣҪҵֽ
Сûнˮֻбκ٣㣬ڵķֻԿಸһӣ
Դӹ黹ڵ֮СκٵӣΣʦͽԺ˭Ҳ¶
û뵽յĹСԼȴ˹ء
κ¶׵Ӣ¶һĨЦɴԣ֧ϣƵ°ͣ޹㲻˵£᣿
κٵĳƫ¶ЦʱԳһԹɰĻƽ˼˵֮С
ӢõЦݣСĬĬˮһˣ򶨣ɫƻ
˵ˣڵķʽкܶ࣬Ϊβң
κٵĻȥʲôʱ˵ʲô
С˵һ·Ѱ飬˵ĻȻʣƭңкλ
κЦһ£ףȻ۰Ͱ͹Ĺϵ͸Ҫһ׼죬˶Ҳǰװ˷׷
С㶼ˣϼţǰӣûɸӣ㶼ȥˣ
κһ̽´С㣺㿴ʲô˼
С㲻ɵȻ֪ԼƺЩС˼ϾóļɵЩ¶ǵ
ȻҲųСӼǳҪЧµнݷκߵľҲҪƭȡĺøУѰ游
ڣǰλκħͷû໨˼ǰֹеԳ
Ͼɲһ·ˣνаͬʦͽͬ
οʵʦͽŮĴϵ
ЩƭŮӵĻӣȥʹɣ
λͽܣľǧ
Сʵǰˣյزĸӣʦ֪бķӣͽ֪ܵŪ䣬ʦĸУʦ
С㱻ֻЦҹܲסͽҸʦ
κٲЦˣĪؿС㣬ȻĿⶨ˺װĶǶƵĸէһΪǸӡȻңƻԲɰӵʽÿһʱҲϡ
صӣ湻Ѫأ
һ龫µĸҧһڣȻüʲôζѳԣ
С죬һӣʮһеĶƸͱκ˳ŴӵԺһȦȥˣ
ͷǲ˵ָΪõأ
Сͷ˸ҵĶҪţ
κȴ˳סϸһѽԼĻͷöͷ͵͵úúãҴˣҪҴǣõ㣿
Сһ⧲ôĽüͦǣŵĻЦʱЩƲסյơ
վӣµԼѾϼˡ
κĿ⾼ضɿɰʦǷۺվǱҸŶ𡭡
СȴͻȻһ͵ƿ
һ˵ûħͷƭСˮ
һҪԶ˻
ѾùħٱԵ߻أҪָˣ
κСʲôˣ׺èǰǲòˣֻ˵ص˵һģڶɽڵ񣡡
գż̽ȴسǹ˼ʹСĻ
Ĵӽ˴ʱקгѪ֦ϡ
֮䣬˵ǿϵ˷µŮͷس ڼˣһħ
ǹٸ߼ͣиʿסڶħͷΪ
ξʦؼǴûйġ
Ҳ˵ôȷһĵŷı仯
Сԭת˼Ȧκ٣ҪҪȥЩ̽һ̽ܲҵ
κ˵ѾȥˡЩ˵ļ򶼱飬ʧѪ
⣬СʱԼƸغؼ顣ҪӣҲߵͷϡ
⹴ģغԹ˲ϾⱳıȻǸʦѲϵ
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ҪĻԪףԼɽһף͵ȥһǸ
ǸһֱŲλҲЩѧʡʥػֱӲ϶ȥ
СѾЧҲ֮ǰǿ֪ܻܲĶĿ
ʱЧҲƣֻάֲһʱһʱҲ㹻ˡ
ҹúÿʲôˣ
Ƿһʰͣ׼ٴһسǡ
ٵسǸʱСˣ̷سǵĳǳƺЩ仯
ĿԶԿǳصĽǶ˽ѪƤЩѪķһƬ֯һѪǳƺѪһ㡣
κ̽Σ˽ЩѪã͵ЩǱǲ֮͵ѪǲŶߣԽǳʱ϶ɻᱻѪԶţˮϴϴӴߵģᱻط߷֣Ρ
ĴɺҲмɵʲôƿ֮ǶԲŻֹʿݵأԽǽ˽Ѫ
һˣЩѪγɵѪߣҲմȾצ
ҪմȾѪֻ߳ΨһĴš
С㿴ǳųаصĹٱһ˫Ŀԧɫ֮ˣһֻ۾Ȼһɳͫס
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κ˵ԧ֮ˣڱۣ滻Լһֻۡ
ۣҲ̱֡Ϊ۹ˣЩڲͬǿӰߣƾɢȸС
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ΪһҪַĻһС
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С֪ԼпĿշë
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СҲһ
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ǸȻȫǵĸ輧˼ͻȻʧһý껨ķűø
λŮҲĲ˾ͷ֦չҪεͷ


54 
輧Сûͷױ֬ˮۣͿĨ
֪ǲС޶ˣǵķͷСʱ۾͵һ
ױáüëüë۾۾ĶŰŻСŮ͵׵֬ˮۡ
ŨڵĴüƲ۾
С㵹Ǻ⣡
ֲȥѡǲ֪׾ӵװܲӵùͨԧۡ
ˣκٸɻۣ
˳űŶӵʱ֪ˡ
ֻļ輧ͻȻ̾ĵͺС㽫Դ˳ҲĬĬһ
ԭ֪ʲôʱκپȻҲߵģ
ϾַﲻǸ輧輧Ҳɫ
棬ɱ輧ĿҶˡ
κǴĪĿױڸǵģ
ֻҲǴɫĿխ£ʵ˫ۺǰؽ¶棬ΪϽĻҹΣ¶ļòʻͻİƣҲ˵İơ
Ũҵɫʣ޳ʵļ⣬ĸͻ֮С
Ҳ֪ʲôӣȻȥԼٴİƣһʱҲģ
輧ȴʶ׷С˵߿ŹӢģϧǲʻ֬ͿĨúЩûüۡ
κҲ˾ġ硱һС㣬һʱסˡ
СҲ֪Լڻóκ䣬˸
κͻᱻƤʦЦڿСüͷȴǱĮתͷȥٿС㡣
СֱԲľܾж𣬿˼ǲԸԼ˵һˡ
Сȥϸ˵ٱЩߴߴŮƤЦ߹
ͷĹٱбü۱ʾӲϣҪǣǰϸϸС
ЩŮҲʶȤֵùЩٱıϣöϸ
Ц䣬֣Щˮ
ۿŹٱһ·һҪСˣСһתЦ飺үˣϾҪˣϳүһοɺã
˵ţһתŵĻ漴ЩҲ˳
κ֮ϻ鳣ʼ˹ĵ㡣
νֵĴģɲŹĵУҪߣŶ࣬ͣطԾת鳡
ĵǵӴĹ߱ҲǱݵһˡг֮ҲʼΧͣмŮСйߵԶɽ
ý֮ûƣſɿ
κٵĹĵ㣬һʦ֣Щ輧ǿʼ
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ѾƸĸ޶˫ȫ⣬𾴡޵ôɣҲ㹻ңˡ
ϧԼȴòغԼ˫˵ĴҲذ̾һ
ҲΨһһˡԸԸƿħŮ֮ջɡ


55 
뵽⣬غǿѹסϵŭ⣬ͻضʦʦ֣ҷʧ̬ˣĪҪϡ
ʦ̫˽ʦˡ
ԼﵱȣʦЩӡǳ˼յ⣬ԼҲˣžȻҸۣ
ʦغصǸֻЦߵʦܣ֪룬ϾΪһ˸ǶôĪҪˣ˰㡮衯ġûһնɵģȻ£ЩȥɡסһҪСþĽѣһ٣
ǷЩһֲСĶУ졣
ǸȻҲ֪κħ飡
Ҫɿ𣬽Լħ麻̤̤ʵʵ
Сֱܲһķؼ
ƶĸ˵һҳ
һҳһǲӦôǰĶ
Ϊ˼ɲ⣬Ķǻֵ´ң
ǲ֪Ὣҳںδأ
κ٣ЩıСħʱĬĬ߬߬ȭͷ
룬һħΪУԼҲֲôкԻ
εӰֻ±ߵΣԼҹΪĹ¼ҹصһ
䣬̫Ϥȴǲ̽ŮӣҲԳܡ
뵽ʱսС֡
һ̣ȻԼСֱŤҪԴƤҩˡ
ֲԾյ̫С㶼ЩˣΪ˷ֻ֣
һֱ˴ҲΪ߶Բ֡ɲأĪģ
ʦܻʦ֮󣬱־ٲǰ
ֵСκٲҸ̫Թһᣬֻתǰ
ʱֵʱϯϵıǽ壬һȺ輧ᱡ衣
ʦŵǿҩã̫öбһԵĲȴҪơ
΢Цʦ̴·̫ԼλɰЪ
ɢֻʣɢľ볤ƹӰʱϵЦҲתˡ
̫ӷԼǰķκ۵İ
ʦʱ̫ǣˡ
˵̫ǱѾЪʱһ⣬ΪѲصľأȴһ·ȫȻԼְǳĻѲ֣ҲΧĵطԱŪģ
ʦͷ֪ʲô̫ǰŪ࣬˵輧˼ò֮£̫ӱҪطԱ˼ꡣ˼Ͳ֪ȥЩΪֺ̫ӣڽҹ˻ã̫ӣԼԺҲˣ˽ЩǾˡ
س⼸յ˳һ룬ҷˡûʲôɵ˻У
ʦæο˷ġҵѪѾȫǣ˷ǽ۶ߵĵУһᱻѪǣϴϴŴ˰أħΡ˲̫˵ǸСκǾԻ첻ģѾڵĴ䣬ҹ֮󣬱ȥ壬ʱ·ҲᶨʱǰýħŮøš
˵ͷ۳˼ϧһᣬִֺ
վٲ߳ǰ̧ͷ˿ϲãǶȴ̫ӵԺﴫ˿
һᣬ˵̫Ȼ˿ֺ˯ϰδģԺﻹ裬޵С
СڰؿƽϣͻȻֳ䲻Ĳɣ֮С
Գһ˵̧ͷǿղãβԣԭһֱǿĴ½竵Ӷã
˵⻰ʱСĲԶؿүǶԴļһҵĺɸ֣Ĳ˲ܲݡ
Ȼʧ䣬ǻ£Ǹϲɵˡ
ԭ²λǱðˣڿλүڵıɫֲǸðĻɫ
СҲ˼үǲѵԼǰжϴˣ
뵽ԭ켣ү׿ޣȴ´󺵣ڵıµλ֮¡
ǰֻΪ̰ĽȨѡ˾˵׹ӵǻȴҲûԼȥǻʵۣʵĻȨˡ
СǰλȨǰ飬λ̫үĲȻλүһӴӶʧȥ˻Ȩ
ˣλֶǺεȸһԶڷصķȴܽʼŪڹ֮䡭
ʱ䣬󣬱Ǵ֮ʱС㴩Խʱ̫ƽľ󰡡
ʱκͻȻŶԺȥ
ƧСʣ
κٽԺӵѪζرء
Сɽʱݳ˾ޣ˾޵ѪҺζҲС
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ڶһ鷿ĵطʱκӣٴȷζ鷿ĵ´ġ
˽԰Էһ࣬⡣Ͼƺռϡ޵á
ڿдֵ鷿£ȴһ޵ѪζͲˡ
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˵üеҲ˵ҳիĵ£Ǹνأ
κٿŴԶ˵Ȼȥˣ
ʦ˵ЩûͷûԵĻκüͷ
ΪԴС㣬ķݺһǲ̫ϵС
Ҫ֪νɽڣֻдСһ˵бۣ⣬ͷ
ճԳԺȺȣ˳΢һµҰɣֻ˭
ȴɱȴ֮СǸΪ˳Ǹôһԭ
κ֪Լʦƺܣǣ˵ʱô˲
κپŲҳڽ⿪ܵͬʱ˵Ҳܽ⿪ʦġ뾡õǲҳ
ߵò죬˵ʱĲ̬ƺҲһ࣬С㿴ǰУǲǸ̬ӵš
һᣬͻȻ鷿һյ߹ҵĵǰͣ
ƸոµĹƲֳͬԶĻɫϸȥֵᷢܲ˿ơ
ֵ˵ǵƵĸ߶ȣȻ󲻾һۣȷʱԽ鷿Ťܵ˽ȥ
С·յʱ̲ס̧ͷһۣطǵƵĻơȻϸܵѪܣƺѪҺļ
ƣȻǻģ
ϸκˣȴһƬСĿˣҲӦһ£ܽ⡣
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˼֮ܵǽǶҹ飬һյѵ£͵Ĺ⡣
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ߵһխĹʱͻȻӿ˲ǿҪˡ
κ۾һУ֪һʲôּۿ죬һȥӺǯסĲӣʵ㣬𶯣
κٵĶѸ٣˿ˮĺס뾪ִҲˡ
κٵָ˵Ĳӣʱһ
ΪⲱӵָСԾֲִڵĸоǽ˳ڸǱòġ
̽Ťתһ˵ϳһƤ
СŰҹһһֵ˸Ͳֻγѣѹž˵Ĳ̬ƺ˸ı䡭
⣬ϵˡ
С쳷
ϧѾ̫٣С֮ʣǰͻȻդһ
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ʱܵﴫһЦǺ˴󵨣Ҵ˽լ޹ո˵󰡣
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΢΢һЦָָԼԵһ̴ŵյƵĵƣ۹һԣһֻڳſڴһֻˡλ˵ãһĵƹԲӰǷǶλ鷿ſʱȴ۵ճӰ
СȻֲŻڵͣפƬ̣ԭǽյѪӵĵƣǶˣ
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ǰһԿŮϧǻʱڣϧһдۣҲҪλͲšϧҵʹȻֻܳΪͷСѾħҳԶķɶҪ㣬Ը֮£ֻܽǽЩˡ
ֻС֮ܰѣܼħԡȻκٵȻҲҪĽѡ
СЦһ£Щˮô£үӦˣαʣ֪һݲ˵Ĳҳ㷸µĹǻݵ𣿡
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ǶϤ˹ذ޿ֵˡƶκٺʹСǲ˵ġ
СħѾǰ϶ˣٶԩкη
κߵΧߣܲʣ㴦ĻС㣬Ǻξģħˣкκô
ĵһκ٣СӳħѾתƵСϡ
Զ˵ѾǺ;ķˡӷžһֱſСС֣ʦ˵еǰӵǣٲȻ׹İ°
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һ֪ŮӾɥʧ˵ʹϴ⡣
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Ȼԭλһ㴰ֽδͱǺã
ʱʦԣͻȻС˵Щʲô
ü΢ֺЩмΪ֮վʦͻλɳݰҪǱ飬µġ˵ɡ
˵⻰Ѿٲʧܵһˡ
ʦаЦſդһԣƤЦⲻЦүŴ¿꣬ûղײգȻªҲΪλ¶򣬶λ֤֮£սΪ޲źð
˵꣬ЦŻ֣ͻȻܵǽֻͲȻһɹɵĵɫỤ̃ͲܵʦЦŴʹ뿪ܵ
ʿƵġʦˣҲ֪õĶûѸѪ࣬ĵصһ㳤ɡ
ҪħǾ˼ڽԹŭһħ
Сõ˼ĥҲ˸ͷǧѣСһһ
뵽⣬ʦЦøӴ첽뿪İҡ
˵ڵĶɱСκټʶ㣬ɢʱ̾쵽˲ԣ
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ɧ棬˼壬һնܷĳӣĳҩƷۣȻߵ¾·Ů٣ֻҪû͸Ҫ߷鲻֡û룬մ˳ۣҲܷЧá
κȻʱƤմȾ˲ٳۡ
СȻٴμˮܣɻЩ
Ȼֻһ㣬ۺܿ֫ңոճεˮ̻һƬۺ֮Уɾ


56 
СǿԼĿڴ﷭˿Աݣǡ
ЧãǷڵҪԵ
ܿ죬СȵòУҪЩ
ͨȣӦǿЩϾħ֮ˣʱʱħԿ⡣
۵ϢһᣬԼƺˣۣκٵķȥ
κ˫ֽ߬סΧ۽ŨüӣӦҲһҩԷˣŬơ
դﲻ絯֮أʵܽŵϴеĻžζ
ϤζڱƵĿռƺת˱ȳ㻹Ҫζ
ζȴñŵģһĺ󱳣ץĽʵۣһӹصܻ䡭
Ҳˣֻһ˲Ĺ·ǧ˲ͣĴ
С͵һȻֽ˵ڵصĳ嶯
˵֮ʲôСʵҲǺֻŨü΢յʵ̫ˡ
˿Գﲻһ󷢼ԸԼκٹֵһ㣬˰ڲ
뵽⣬סڱǣκٵĺ󱳣пƳİ취
ȥһ̣ŷκٵǶộϵĻƲʻ滹ûüϴȥΪľἡӲټϽդȫڽȥޡ
Сĺʱ·һӾһֻۼµϹޣ
κתͷڴ³Ũⲻ۲ˮ˫첻ѵŮ
С㱻ͻȻһһ˵˵ϣһ̣յĴٴα˺ݺݷסֻҲ˳ưͷ
СħԿʱҲûд˿Ѱ
ϵѸӣͷһһҲŽʣһ˿ǣɫħƣС㼸޷ֵ˵͹
ֱҲס˵Ĳдһ˿ȴŲҪ
ӿߵʱȴèĽСҪ
СҲԼòУ̲סӽյ˫˳
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˿˿ᣬüʧȥǵκڶ
룺ʱܣֻ¹Сǡ
˵ˣ˯ʲӵаҩģ
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췣֮֮һ㣬̵ĴʹҲκٵǻ롣
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ֻɢƽҲֻΪʣʱ䶼öʦˡ
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̫΢΢һЦλܽ췭ظвţΣ֮ҲЮֹΪʣе¡²ż汸֮ˣв֮
Сһ̲סЦڽǵģȹά˵Ļ˵Ǹɽˮ죡
֮ǰС㿴λֻ̫Ժ֣ȫһӵܵɡ
Ƿڻǳʱλ̫ӱֳĳȽȴ˲òĿ࿴
ĻӣôǾҷ
̫ȻΪӣЩǱʡ
˵䣬̫Ѿ˼ʳӣЦŶʦͽ˵ķˣЩԲߣ̵ۡڵǶˣλþһԼڵһ泦θ
λ̫ĲɵҲ֪ʳﲻʣȻڵʳˮ涼ǻ顣
̫˵꣬СκٲֻЦЦԼ


57 
С̫֣ˣؾĺ̫Ҳûˡ
νо뾡ø̫һƣһЩȤĹ¡
뵽⣬תͷκٵȻ̫ʢԼǲһߡ
κЦЦ̫Ӹոշµľƺһµӹǵƣʮĳ𣡡
̫ӹЦʶڵʮ꣬ǵȵ֪ûй೤㡣
˵꣬ʱµñŮĸɲһ𻹿졣
κ̹Ȼ½̫ӵĶ棬̫ӻ˼˾Ȼһ㣬൹ƣ޿֮С
̫ĳк赹ûиô𱰵ˣҲ̹ȻһЦκʹһк˼вơ
Ƽˮ꣬λҲر𣬰˵һԾƣӦǱŤˡ
ƫƫ˵ԸЩСڣǲɵ˻̹ȻһƱյԼݡ
̫θκƣκҲһ
̫ӿһŮȻŮŨױĨܿ㣬еģһƽҰԡ
Ǵ̿ͣȴһ븮д̣¼ˡ
̫ЦЦЦʵ֪ܲһ䣬λελˣҪȥд
С˿㣬һƷһߵдֻ̣ȥһ͵Ķʦͽ治Ǵ֮ͽѽ̫Ųǻ˵ӣȻûϵľƣ
̫üС˵Լ̽ʱֵǡΡ
̫΢΢Цһ£ûлش⣬˵ʶλɽڵĴС㣬ɽҵκ٣
С֪ԼκٵѾõǣǶˣ̫ӶϳҲ
ֻǲ֪ǳˣ̫ӻ᲻ŵ˾ӡ
С˵ͷʹˡ
̫ԣһЦȴ̽ʵǡǼӵĴ񣬵Ǻģ
СЩԲˣ¿ʵģֻܻôسͶ˵ЩѪλµģĿľǣ̫ӿţ
̫ĳк迴˿κ٣ʮƶҵƷҲĸʢ޵ﱲܷѪ֮ˣ
κüû뵽̫ͻȻĸ
̫΢΢һЦЩпĸ绪ҵĸҲʶҵ˽ûжϹ֮ΣĸҸдἰҲ˸ʵУʲôֵ飬
˵̫꣬Ӵӻͳһҽħӡǵƣκٵ˱ȡ
κٵϲűޣǱӵİִҲҵĽħӡǡ
СŻȻԭ̫ӲǿǱòͨκٵıӡǶϳǡ
ԭĸ¾˽̫ԣĸʱ򣬾ȹһʹõҲ˽
յСκٴ̫ҵʱ̫ӿҵӡǣƶϳ˵ݣƾǳ
̫ΪηҲĸйء
ֻ̫ĳк̾һ˵֮ǰĸ˵ƣڹµļС岢Ļ֮ˡ˷ȥسǣʲûн⿪ʢˡΪλԼĻ壿ΪͲ
㣬СκͲµλ̫븮ʱ׷˼ͯ꣬ʵ䶼⣬ǸЩмܲס
⣬С̲סʵĻ壬˭Ȼô죬ð壿
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С񣬿̫ͻȻʣǺˣ
̫ƺ˼һ˼ҡͷһǷѽü
ƺ˳ţֻմƣ˳һֻõ񸫣ڸͷд˸ء֣ȻֽˮĨɡ
Сüһʱֲ̫ڴʲôա
κȴüͷ΢ƺһ̫֮⡣
⡭棿λѾˣ
̫֪κٶˣɵÿЦҲԼˣ̫رԷ𣬲Ƕλ֮ˣͨͨͲ֪᲻ʲôأ
Сκٻһۣû˵
⼸ռ֮ˣƺ١ǸҡʦƺӦȥˡȴɸͷ棬ɻ䡣ʦغصĶԻƺ˽֮ܣ
С˵̫ӵĻеһ𴦽ǵϵȡʵ۶ҪԹյȨƣҲȻʵۻҪο
̫С󲻾ĻȴգֻǿЦʵҸʱܿˡҲãҲգʩʱĶΪȵµǰϳѳųʾǻλϵĿܣɼֻǹ̫ף֤óȻҷضҪµȻ󲨡
κһƵ˼ȻҪ֮ǣǸݣݵȷ֮ٸ֪¡˵գĶĿڶ࣬ڻǣֻҲҪЩǣ¶ౣأ
̫΢΢һЦڱ˵УһֱǸ竣ķԼҲǲ̫ơλģǻСġ
ԴˣκС̫´ҴҶ
ʦ˼Сõĺˮ࣬ǻҪ¾СľӵĴ䡣
²˳٣Ҫ̸ϻȥĻץΣ
ڻس̵·ϣСȴǻȻ򣬶½ŲڸͷдġءءΪҮǸү֣
Ȼ֣Ƕ׽ڵĵӣڲϣǱκһЩ
κٳ˸ĶȻ˵ͷ
үƺڱ˵ϰǸ׵ĸס
Ҳ˵̫ӻǸĻ游ѾݱʮȵԪɣ
ʮͷĻ游ԪɼݱʱȴǾʮĸ˰
Ҳѹַֹ̫Լ˵Լӣ
㣬λ֮ɽˣ
ԭλȷ׶ಡطأҲȻԪɵİš
С󵨲²⣬λԼزˡԪɲ֪ʲôӣȻܴһ׷ƤˣطᣬȻԼӵͷɢүԴɻѣ
ɾص˲ʶһʮ꣬һʮҲкܴġ
òԭ̫󣬲ʮ겻˵ԭ
ȵʮȥ֮Ȼдʮ˱ԼòĲ࣬ôãӦ꣬ȻҲɡ
ֻ̫ͻȻãЩֲϾ̫ǶԻ游С嶼ʶˡ
λ̫ǸϻģȻ
ԭΪΪıȡȨԪɣǻʵ۵ıҲϻʵʣµˡ
ıĵʲôѵеĳ
뵽⣬С㿪ڵʦ˵ԽǸˣ˭
κҲ㣬·Ѿȶģ̰Ҫ࣬Ȼ˱˵ġû´ӦҲ̰ĵĸʾТˡ
СգգۣĬĬһ
ŻʹҲ֪ʳӡκٵĲ²ǸԪ׷ɣֱѾ߻ħľأѵԼ׶Լ
뵽⣬º͵ЦС;һġ
˴һҹҲջС㳹ƽʦκشΪɽ
˸ǽʶ̫ӣء
ֻڲ֪ݾӵĴΣǻڴС
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뵽С㲻ɵüӿ˽ŲϧƤë㲻ϣҪЩκٱԾǰС
ǳ۵ҩ֮ͼ˲٣С㱻κٱںʱòһŵϵζ鲻Խĥ䡭
κٵüë̲ס̲ססţתͷʣҪ
û˵꣬ͱʦһѶס졣
С㵱Ȼ֪ԼЩʧˣ
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Сһĥͽܵղһ߱һͺã׼ϻ
κٱСֶס죬ûʦ⻰˵øҤӵƵģһүǮˣ͵ÿүĵУǲһյ˵֣
Ҳ֪µ󲻵ʱ䣬ֻЪ˶Ūʦ˼һʦʱʱСһ·С
еĶûСŮȵѪͳҩȻϳ˸еֿԡ
֪Լڰʱǲѳֲסġ
ŵСҲ֪ʲôħͺרһҩһգҩɽ⡭
ܼ۵ʱҹϰϰһᣬԹͽ۶С㣬ڻָ˳̬
ȵһ·صʱԶԶȥһƬ谵֮С
κٺСһ£Ͻ塣
ǰһԵôȴͻȻóƤһˣĲ𶯣
СκٻһۣĿߣֻмƤ·ˣ֮Գ
ͷ֮˴ƤߣǸŮӣֻСĲϣʶλҹ·ҴңҪȥ
С죬ȴһʱ벻˭ֻǵɽ´ӵģ׼ؼҰЪλú׼·Ҫ·Ǯ
ŮЦŴˣǸʲôģȻҪôش壿
С֪ԼڻŨױĨκһĻҲûϴ˿ӦöʲôңֻЦⲻǳﻨѲΣӵĶַȱ֣ҸҵܾܵȥӦʹ׬ЩáǮúȥɡ
СЦ˵ĹκͻȻѣһӾ˼õӵĴ󺺡
СһŶҲúõڶŮ˵Ĳϡ
֮䣬·ٵľͱ˷ʦͽˣŮĽʣ㡭Ҫʲô
СҲϻȥһƿǸŮ˵ߡôƿһЩɵۡ
ΪŮĲǱˣǶĹǹĹɺ
ʦãħǰַԴףҲᵹù壬Сͻصǰ
СէһɺϤһʱҲҧ׼Ĺط꣬˶ǰɺ
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κٲ֪СߵıʣõǼ˵Ѩסǲʦˡ
Ǽ˺ƣʲôʲôʦǲ·ˣֻӦ˹ٲǰ׽ɽڵħͷģǿǣǱǣҲûŽΣ
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С֮ȴֻǡŶһȻѰһʯͷ£ȴ۸ӵϵ
˵ģԭǹȻĴУɽŮ
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Ҳ˵ɺͶݵκ£һнΪ
κٿһͽܵĺ۹⣡һħ£ΪҵĵӣѪծ죡
¸ı䣬ɽȻΪ˿ܹ̫ζǴҶ֪ſҸŮµѪκûκιϵ
ΪʲôŮĻĵģҪɽڵĲʹ죿
СôʣɺҲ⣬ҲŨױĨ˵ƺв͵Ϊ
Ϊ֮ˣ˵ɽŲ飬Ҳ
ֻܶʵش˵⣺κٺʹСȻҸ֮޹أħˣȴö֮ģҴǣʲôԣʶλǺˣܷܲǣ
ԭɽ֮ѡݱ
λļλʸϵʦֵܣλļͽȴǴӵĶŮɺλ
ϧɺ̫ǳʦ䳰ɺ֪¸Ͷ״ſסǡ
ɽȥɽʱٸĸʾ滹Ȼ̫ӡ˵ץ̫֮ҲƸ͡
ɺҵħͷ֤ԼʵŴڴغȴĶˡ
Сȥǵ˵ͷȻκ
ﶼ˵ץģҴţԵò̫˾ˡ
С㿴˿ңԱߵϪˮϴһȻһʪĽӸκ١
ʦͽϴǦ¶˱Ŀ󣬼Ƕ˵һʧСʦãǡǾǷڵĴСκ٣
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ĿСò鶯ĸߴʱһȴǿɽƺӴ˿ñ𴦸ơ
ǸڴСߵϴȥ˻Ͳʺ¶ǷȻʮӡ
͸еɢŨܳӳģƽ˼Ұԡ


58 
ɺڿ֮ǰ֪ԭհжᲢ档
˫ǵ͸Ź°˻ǵ䣬˾˺ֱǻһ󷢽
С㱾ΪɺʹݣĻ
˭λޣ߲ʵǹȻֻǴκ١
ǸӣȻΧ˼ûʲô𡭡ǻյģ
С㲻Щ桪ɺǰɱκʱҲ㷴Ӧ
ԣʱκѾħϿʼۣδȫҲӰòӢˣӦòӰɺȫȫغ
ʵȫʱΪΪħףŮ֮͡κ٣۾һƺŮԵأ
С뵽Լ컬ӣһʱǲҲ֪ǸŮ¯࡭
ɺڵĶҲ̫ˣ㻨տκ٣ԺټֵΣ
Спպ˼֮ʣκȴü
б˽ԼԷǸ޶˵ŮҲ⡣
ɺףֻ˹ٸͨȫȻҷҾĴɴӵĶ顣
ôһôҲ
ɺͶĳճĿһֱκٵϣԽĲʹ졣
һֱջĿ⣬ɴ˳ּ飬һºžһغɺϣԴһѽʹг
ɺ⧲ŽɳۣΪֻܶգᣬߺιʲô
СҲӻعû뵽κٻ³Դɺ
κʵƢܹŹ֣Լʱ̬ҲǺѺáһֱоӷ緶ԼչˣСʵܻŪ£߻СĴ
ʵϸ룬ԴŮʱСû̫÷顣
ƩǱ۴ޡڣɺ޶˵ŮӣȻҲ֣ܺӺͯ
ͽ񣬵ʦܲܲŲʣ֪ɡ
ɺΪ۾ʹеСֽ⿪ɺķȥϪ߳ۡ
һ߰ɺϴһߵǷڸĴɲ޳Թ˵ʦͽǰҲǰĹǡĴѪˣǸϻҲǽȴ񣬻ﲻҪɱΣ˾˵Ĵ£
κٳ򣬽ɽӵѨ
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ɺȻСЩȴޱ֮ˣǰûʦͽȻơ
ڼνڵĴ֮ͽһ겻ĿŮ
ȻǸκԸЩϧģǸһЦݵĴСʵڲɱĶ˰
ʱɽĵɺСѣʦã򲻿Ļ֪ն񣬼ȻǶ˵ʦͽµģضиɡ
СһɽĽʺӻͦģҲ̾һȻκ˵ô֤ûƭˣ
κĵ⻹򵥣
δ䣬ͻȻѸ֣ٴνɽһ㵹ڵء
ֻɽļ鳹˵ºκٲŹһĨЦֱ۵ƭҲȥƭЩõǿߡλӿտգƣżһ㣬һʲôֵһƭģ
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κ³Ľͣʺӿտ֮ˣڵϲܶ߷ֻ߽ܼۣ֯λ˵еħͷ֤ɱ˲Ѵ֮ƭ
ЩżٰڳٴеӾ͹û˼ˡ
ɺֱκ赽ʱ޾޳ԣֻвʣҧ촽ӵˡ
ΪòʦµĶ󡣴ûмκԴǣġ
ǿͻ⣬ǿλ˵ǾͲˣڴѪոշиħ޹ɱˣȻûǶλ´󣬵ҲǱǿ˼ղˮʯǾȥ
κԴСŮ˶Щ࣬Եɺˡ
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νԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬС֪κԭĹ켣һǸЩͽء
СҲ̫ϲɺȴκɺûѪᣬûҪٸʲôԹޡ
˵⣬ҲǸɺ̨¡
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С֪аսᣬĴоȡκٶһ֮κٽ춷ֵݸС㡣
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ǿ첽˴ʱִڵĵֽˣӦþǷǸҹˡֽƬ
СһȻκٵļӰ˵ΩΩФ
µò֮ǰӳװҲˡʦٿصֽƬðκٴףĿ߲ŻԴκٵò
ʱڼԺ˼ðѪĴܳˣҪȣһ˴Сκٵȴ·һ㣬ŵôһ֫ãŻݡ
С֪ʧѪ࣬ţɴҲȥˣֻó˼ͳһֻС¯
С¯ʦģһ¯ڵȼֻĻȴ˲佫ڻ֭֭뾮ˮɺ⼸ɽӰæЩʧѪĴá
µûʦõǱǸʬͶ¯ۣһ㣬֮˵ƤëһðѪֱѪҺΪֹ
Ҳ֮ǰЩѪҺĴ񣬻¶ҲѪ˿ڵԭǵѪҺǴëﱻģ
ЩʧѪҺȴȫǶ¯ʦáǰʦݺСС֡
ƶСκţ⽫״ʵԸɴදĴ㡣
С֪֮ƷΪⱩʦؼҲġ
κٵǰƸ˻֮ҲⱩ󡣿ϧʱκٵȫѾΪۣѹûë׺٣Ⱪ;ʱκҲ˲֣ȻŭƸΪƽء
κʱʹʧĸף˶޹ЮĴҲʹټа󣬶ڱ֮ȴνɵĸŵĻӹˡ
ϸ룬С㶼̲סʱκ
ڣÿЩѰʦźáѪҺҲ̫࣬һΣգôɽڵ˿ɽʦ棬ûȥˣ
ȵסԺʱС㾪ط֣סԺΧķ϶Щǰ󷨵ͼΡ
Щֽ˽ֻܺΧӵſ򴰻죬⼸Ȧķӿֽһ㡣
СߵԺӣһ߸šƹӡһš
Ƿƺ˴涥סˣСô򶼴򲻿


59 
κ߹ȥһ죬һžͽŸ߿ˡ
һ̣ʮҪǮƵĳκٺСϮ
СԺʵסȻ¶ϸ첲˦ƹӣң
СǾɲһߴŴһʣǡ㣬֥Ǳʲôʱóԣ
ھӰøӵǱʱСмģǱĳԷϸϸһ
ͽ�ʦ棬СЦãȴֲ֪Ǽ٣дһʡ
СæصȻӳŹð֭Ӳ͸óԣ
һ˵˷ʦ˼ѧȻһſǻصʦ棡ʦǻˣ
ԭڹõʱӷ·𶼱¯ȵĽܲס
ΪЯʯԵʣƽ˸о쳣Ĳ
ǵͺ˳ȥʱƺھ޴Ĺѹȥ
ܿ죬ƺڻһ㣬ȵ˿ʼŲס
֪˵ֻܴʹײָײһ϶ȥ
ԽȵԽܿûˡ
ΣͷͻȻʦС㽲γǱ󣬻˳˸ĲҰ
Сʦ浱ʱˡ󡱡Щơ󡱵аϸϸһƽ֮
뵽⣬æóʦԺķ֮ϣͬʱԭػ
ϲЩˮ󷨣ԶԴС㵱ʱԴģȻһ͸·󷨾һ
󷨵ĵѧȴ֧󷨡
ڻЩˣΪۣš
ʯȫֲȱ㣬һǽɢȫֵסȹһ㡰󡱵Ϯ
ʱк˶⸽䷿ܿΧףһֱ֧ŵȴСκٻ
û뵽һĹȻʦʦˡ
ڴ￴ЩֽƬ˱ɵκٺʹС㣬Ц治ϵţҲҪ˸ˡ
Եʱ羪֮öһԿһ١
СĻȴǻȻΪηڴɵ
֮Ϊȼմܽ󷨵Ķӵ
ȴڡڳ󣬱˴˰ˡ
Ҳڵġɲ񡱲ܳ֡ȼաаСö¯
Ȼ꣬Ѿʼ¶һڿɽʦ츳ˣ
С㾹һ󼤶̲ס֣СһʦƹӣҾ֪ģ
˵⻰ʱСһĳݣ޲øʫһףʦӢ䡣
ûûСͲζˡ
κٵɫɻûȥĿʦͽյ֣ءһ˹ȻС׺ݵ
ʱκվСߣĺڵС㡣
һɣһۿκٱŵĿԳֽʣʲô
κÿǻСЩóԵģÿҲܳԵ
ֽһ뵽ľʲô±û
κЦһ£һǸ
Сĺٴαŵ໳Ȧĸ첲ٸʹС˵ˡ
ûа취ֻŸƤҩʦʦ棬ǰܺ
ɺżɽĵҲں棬СһЩаֺĴ
ڴʧѪĴ񣬿СκҲŵÿ޵ٲͣʾλˣŵĲӰˡ
СƵķˮЩʧѪĴĺ˲١
֮˴Ĵ񣬾ǽͣҲ˷ħ˴Сκٵģˡ
æžδ˵ʱ򣬽ħĴ١
ͷĲǱˣոκ˵Ƹĸغء
ֻغǰΪӦǸʬҰĳ
ȻҲЩҴ桱ĻڣǵɫκٺʹСò˵¾ȫ
֤ʵСħ֤ȷˡнҪôСٿĪ磬ίħԣ
û뵽ЩȻʧѪ࣬ȴšҪߵĶ󡪡ǶԷڵʦͽָ˸÷ˮء
ʱСһֲֹޣŮӤһ޵Сһιˮȡ
޺һڣ¼ˮݣС㿩Ц
Ļô¾ãҥɱŮħʮǧﰡ
غﰵһڴڿ˱Ķ¯֪ӦǴС󷨡
ǰʦһʦƤɣһֻ첲ڶûһ
Ҳ֪ʲôӣȻʥĻ֪ӳ˽䱸ɭϵ
ڣССͣȻѴ֮˴ʦ󷨡ʲô·
غЩõĸо֮ǰСħȻȴ
ǰħĲֹһֻǰʹħŮˡ
Щνѹ˵ľѧĺ䡣
غ˵ƸĵӸʹɽǧѵһħ̣Ȼ˴СħŮݽ棡
ĴɣҪе塣
һҺŵС㻳Ӥʼ۴ޡ
С˵ӤĸĸүͿʼۻˣĹˣûǴӸո˴ѣǴ岻ݹƾ֤㿪ſ˺ӣǴﶼ˲ɣ
ĴɣɫСɶԾӡƽն¶ʳմȾĵɷ磬ߵͨҲǱˡɳؽš
ʱǱһ´ֱɵĴָű
ͷĵӣ˵ĴٵɾһɫǺ죬һʱ֪òýЩŮٵĴ񵱳ħͬð졣
ʱغ俪ڵ֪ǴĴѣЩ˵ֽţǴǽǵģ
⻰һôǽɤţϾ˿ˡС㡱͡κ١ףдɡ
С㿴˿غأЦŸʣظû뵽ȻˣҿԵ
⻰һɵ˷׷ײĿΪˮ̶һֻɵ˲
ȻԼ׵ݣӲǽڹƵҸŮϣ˾ϲҲǲʵ
ڴСȴ˵غǴģܲɵ˰üظĽ͡
غЦһϵ˴СҷԼĹϵ
Сƾ޾ݣغؿɲ˵ϾԼƸô꣬۵һëѾͷ仰ܺģ
ЦС㣬Ȱ㻹ĪҪˣҴûȥҲ֪˵ЩǺ⣿ѵᣬϴ
⻰һƸĵ̸óٸͨλǿ֤ǴЩˣȷǶӯħͷ
ӵش󲿷ִ񶼲ʶ֣ǣ治֪СǱͨ飬
һӡŵúɢʦͽԶԶġиһѶС㻳ޣȻıŮħͷԶԶġ
غؼΣһϲȴһС㣬ӯݣΪװαƵףѣ
ûҲνϾǰҲ٣ֻҪܽڹڴСϾУ
Ĵɵ˽ڣССɣĹˡ
һýܼСأħԴ߷Ǿ͸ˣ˿ħʱģ
һŮħͷСҪٷˡ
ŴһӵؿǣȫȻаʱΰģʧ̲סߵС㺦ˣôĵˣⲻѿӷƨһغαӹݺǣ˴󷨺֮ǰسĻóһĹʦֱʣ
غЦĴɵ˶֪ʦͶʮǰĴɵΧˣڳ㶥ǿЦ˵ʦţΪ֤
Сغص˵ﹹݣûɶߵġΪԼκ߳ħ
ˮκٱһ˳ܵġһ˱ΧٿĪ磬ǱҲñˣ
ССͱˡСƭӡؽţĿ߻Ҫࡣ
Ҫң߷ѵˮǹ׵ģﹻһ
غص֮ʣСɲʢʦĴ֮˴µ׶ʬǺڣѹû˼ǵΧʦЩǣȴʮ䣬һȥѵλ棬к𣿡
ʦڹڵ͸ҲǺ棬ؼмʮҳǽռĹڹڵҰʷš֮ǰΧʦһܵĲҲʦؼﹴѡעɴ顱ע
Сǰʱʦ⡣ٶǰֿ̽ʦʵŵأһӾʦɴ顱⡣
һ˵ĴһЩĳϷ׷׶ݡ
ΪŮ˵òΧʦЩܣʮеʧٲеɥڱչصĶѨ֮Уûһģ
ѰˣЩϲҲˡǿɶĴеٮٮߣôô׵ģһĻʧȥأ
Сʦļǿ걻˾µһͷλܣǲ֪ƤûλʦϵƤ
⻰ľڵĵըˡΪǵһλڱչصĶѨģʱѪģϵƤ˰ɾˣ
ǵʱǶѨգ˽򶷵ĺۼûСҲ˵ǳϵʱ޻֮
׮Ѫ̫ľܵ棬ԵŵܣԱ㵱ŵĳţѹֻڵλߵĵӲ֪
ǴСһһﾪˣ԰ΪҪƤ
Ҫ֪ƷȷƤΪĵģڴܵƤǱ޵Ƥѵð
ľĵӿ˵дܲأɵϸߵĳҲ岻ѣ׷ױƨһ˵Լҵ˽
ԭǵҲȥƤĴʦ
һֱ˴⼸ܵļңĺۼûУ˵ȥҲ̫Լɵ档ܵһںͷ£ֻܱƨסöҡµӵġ
ǲŷ֣ԭԼһҳĹԭЩѪйȻǸΧʦйء
һ˵СƶϾͱоˡ
һը˹ûں˼飬׷׼ߵҪ꺦мܵ֡
غһѿزסӣҲðҧؾ棺λǴǼħͷС㣡ǧҪĹƭƫ˴ĿģЩɰȻҪ飬֪ôϸ÷Ǹǧ˿ƵϵħͷСҲԲܷŹ
С㿴غ΢΢ЦѽѽظʦͬʦֵܣȻǲϲ˵Ļˣ
غطƸµĵѾԺȣŮħںʲôǸһֱƸôܻʦͬţ
ʱκͻȻԼŵĲǸΪ±ֽ˦һѪֱۣܵ
ֱκٴʦϿµһء
κٹ̫࣬ʦȥʱˣȻֱۡ
ԭιԺĹС㿴ǵֱ۵ĺȴκٰ
κٱ̫ӹﳶֽ첲˲
СҪȻΪŻĶ硣
һһ̤ѻͷ
ΪҪԼĸаߵĴְİƣԽƱҲԽԽ
ֻϵİƷ·֯һ㣬ʺۣһǽȾһ֡
ʦܼҵʱɫڣע⣬ϱûڣһӱֱ۵Ǿ޹֮ˡ
СҪֱ֤ʦȴǻϣ
ֻӹֱۣ߸߾ʦͽҹǸͷܼϿġʱĹʦλţԼǰǸܼǲȱһֱۣҲλظһ治֪ûϰڣҪȻչʾһģûֶİƣ
˵ʱСһ֪΢Цصغһֱڿ֡
غƤ΢΢鶯û뵽СôһСȻԹڵķ˽⣡
ô֪ϰڵˣĶ°أ
غأҲ벻СǴӶԽģһŲؼؼ˲̫ıŵ£Ұʷ¼ǽһϸ
ǷڵɣȻǶа·Ĺڴдд˳ѵӲа·
Сָڻµĺ֢һӽָغأҪơ
ػóʱС͸оغصƶغؿ϶ӴڵаЩ衣
һȾ˵аͻմȾĨĺۼСҪǰ鿴غصơ


60 
غڳƣʱյġ
ʱʦһͶ£κʲУȲʦȻɣ߻ħ
ҶľΣͬʱ£תͶƸΪģʣƸϸŮķģӴ˱һͨϣʼƸƽơ
ôЩڣһֱǱĽԭĵİ٣Ȼϡɱ棬Ҳôʺ졣
ϾһĻٿаǰ¶֪ڷŵˣҲ޼
κξڲǰغʦʦٿǻþ֮ٴմȾƤѪ
ĵĺȻʦôҲͻԣһ۾ϳ
£غθ鿴
غ̵ĵӣɲػ࿴һۡ
غأȻԼʦȷѪۡ
ʦʱʦҲֻ˵ǸСŮħභʱ򣬲СĹ˵ġ
ڿʦĵϱۡһģһ
غһɨʱŵõͷԡ
СĻҲľ峤ϵϿɣȻûв뵽ΧʦսҲͬʦ˵ʦĳѪ˵
ԴʱǺȰοغصظȻˣָǿνӰбǹֲˣ
ľ峤Ͽ˵Ͱǲڰüµһ˫ȫǾ⡣
ľ峤Ƹ֮£ʩչ
ƸֳЩʲôţľµּɰ
غһʱƵǽǣάȣҧǰɥԼ治ӦôʦֿǻٴմȾƤ
ѵԼôõĿľӪҪһˣ
ʱͻȻ޹ɲǨŭҸףЩĪе顣
Ŀһֻһ¸ߴɫˮ
겻ǱˣƸٸ
غû뵽Լ͵ܳȥĶӾȻʱ֡
̲סŶӵ۵ǳû˵ķݣ
ȴñȸ׸ݵףˣȥܼҵݣӴǸչܼǺˣȥǱ߲鿴ִ׵ʱù飬˵ģҲСή֮ǰ׷ܼòһ¡
ʱȥغͻܼҵݣɶ̽Ƶġ
ҲֻغغʹСЩ˲ͻȻվάĶΪ˭
ԭ˴С¶׻Ȼϲţȴġ
С֮ͷƻ֮ȥɴˮʯշתȥܼҼᣬһ
һ֤İͷܼ
غ븮βʱ֪ԼĶһֱ͵͵ʱǽ⣬غ븮οһ
븮ʱ𡣿ǵСκٴ֮󣬸ٳȴѾȬˡ
ʱڰŸףһըһ㡣ˣСĻȻ֤֡
ǰκٵУûжԼ׵ƽκεĻɡ
ĵѾ£ı˲ŵʹѺۡ
Ǿ㸸ʲôɸ˵ܣҲŴСǰ׺Ƹĳ
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ΪغصĶӣ븸׳ϦദȻҲ׵ֺ۱仯֪ǹ˹صġ
˵Щʱغصף֮ǰˣڴ˺ˡЩȥ齻Ҿˡ
˵⻰ʱŸ׵ֱۡ
غسʹ̧ͷͶݹ񣬾ôһ̣ٶɢѹסˡ
֪ʲôʱԼĶӾȻ˳ȳ죬ƺ֪˲ٲ֪顭
غۣ֪ܻҪǸѾͷƣ¶Ƶš
غҲ¿ҵ˿ڵȷʹЩŲסˡ㽻ˣ
˵꣬תߡ
κغôʹߣֻغת˲䣬κһܷɳغء
غҪ˹ƱҪκپҪԳԭΡ
һ̣ȴҲֵֵ֧סκٵܡ
ʮײ֮£Χ巢Ťֻһѵľ죬Χ˱ײ
ٿɣЮۻһȻӲ
Ķͷٴγ˾ڵߺ˵֮Ѿָء
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˵Ϊչ٣·һ㣬֮ӣڵҲ̫⡣
κ١һ֮ӣҰɵĵӣôȻۻϢ
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Ҫ֪ǰɽϣκٱĴɵĵӰΧʱΪûأ
С㵹н˵ı£Ȼô̵ʱͽ·ӵҰСӣŪڵܣ
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С㲢֪κٸһ֣øɳ𵴣֪Ѿһ̳ܽŵʦ֮С
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һԵɺȴĳȡȻſɺעȴȫκٵϡ
˲ݳڣϢȻҲۻ롣ûŵܾȻԷӳ˵
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ڶһҪץƵͷš
С㱻˵ħҲý
ͲһˣӿǰǰļƻԶȺѰͬضͺˡ
ȥȻСϵħԣٺúⲻǡ
˴㣬СڶǰβҪ
Ҳֻҧ˲࣬Ⱪ¶Сħ顣
ĺЧħ̣С񼫵ħͷһĺֱ
˶ʱͿ˭ɤŴ󡣾㻹ʦغعϵ΢Ҳܿ챻ħŮħŮĺûˡ
κ٣ޣں֮ڴһˡ
ڱݵǴС㣬һӶԽĽͷŮӡ
ûʲôƫ˼ֻǾúЦؿȺˡ
ʲôĴܣһѵ̨֭ˣЩˣϵȺʲô׾پͱ˸ƿãҡźˡ
Ҳû˰Լһ˾ָı𾢡Ȼһٸ
û뵽Ȼ˵棬˳С㣬һʱеĶʥ̮ɸֵ֪СǺˣΪҪǰĳ
ղŰκһţǷ۵ʱֱСָűҲ߷߼ˡ
ƫƫֻ֪һƸ֮
һʱ䣬С㿴˻ЩοǰιСļȸûаι
˵ȣԺҺĺͦθģ
СԼĶӣٴ
κԼӣȻһӼϣվϣ£ȸߺλ쵽ʱˣǶҪȻǺ࣬Ǳ߳Աģΰ
ӣֺȺˡǵɴ۾Ű˰СЩԼʲô
СˡȻǰ̫үгЩƲˣǵʱעϣԵòǺܱ㡣
ոѪǽ˰죬ۿҪϴԩʺһϣһƺǻصԭ㡣
֮£Ǻ׶
һճļƣСûǳҪ˳Աˣٻˣ
һס˳Ӻ󣬱ʮҵΪûλһͶòСͽ˼ӱ̾ףЩⶡһζǽһ㣡ھӰ˻֥𣬴ҪҪ


61 
ʱؽ賿¿ʲôࡢ֥Ǳһģʮֶҡ˵ĳθ
Щǳŵ˻ȻųӦ
ľĳһ˦ӣֶϵСⶼʲô߰ģѵҶ׼ʱ䣿
СѹȲǣТ˳ͽһʦˣæȡݸʦһŻ֥
С㲻شҧһڣ˳Ǻܺóԣ
ڽ˼±ĳظľ峤飺ǴҪ֣Ѿ֤ԼˣɽͬҲ֤ҵסЩаֽ֮䡣Ԫ׾ʦҲǺĴȱĶħˣֱڴˣԱ緹ȥ̽飬ʦʵ˥΢ʱҲΪʦѩˡ
ɺһһֱĬС˵ڿ˵ӱΧʱ򣬴Сͽκһ𣬵ȷֽš
ɽȻˣŮĻȻ˵
ֻɽһЦߵļ˼ԳɺúõŲҪɽСΪ顣ѵħŮƻ󣬲˵
ɺбλʦһۣ΢ҸѣҵĹκǰȻҸܵùƶ̫أζ֪ͼ֮ˣκٵĶ飬ģȥĪе֤ݶˣȻҸ֮Ҳð̾ɽԺֻЩ޳ܻ쵰
ָɣɽļ̲סˡȴǲɫסǡ
ɺɽϴȥ⣬ֺα˶ʱ۸ôŮ˿ʵأ
ɺάС㣬ٺòˡЩװǴС㷸µģħȴǲʵ
ҪɺͽЩħˣøʲô³
ɺô˵ڳ˶Щתͷ
Ϊ˵ǽκٵľȴΧ˼ʦͽȷԵЩ塣
СɽֶڧĹؿһƨλħˣǧ治ģλģһʱħ鸽壬ȻʱѲãҲڷˡλݲðа淢¾ʱˡʱҷڵӲӸλ½ħģɽҰʾ
˵СϵЦʧȦͻȻһ߽ǱһʵҸ첲˶ٸҲǰקҵӣƸŮ֮ôСڣƸĸۿʦǸħͷ˽ᣬʦСʦܵĽšѽˡ˻ƸкãǧɱڣڣҲԶ֣ĪҪÿζ鷳ɵĳϵ˱ѵ˼ҶУҪΪ𣿡
˵ʱκĬĬת˸ŵĳϣ´ЦĻ
ǱС£ҼģòУֻĬĬݽЦ
ȺĹ򣬴ϵڶ˭ָԾλأ
Ťͷӣ˿һԼʦѹж᲻ᵯκаȵӣȴܵü鴤
ٴʦ棬ɥбСĻģʿĺŮ
ŵ꣬ΧڵˣԾЩԼ˶԰֮С
С˵òˣűβҪλԼػǼ۸һСǰѪȵĹаħΪǲͬ汨𣿡
˵⻰ʱʵһڼСÿ޹ӡ
Сﻰ˵øɽȪһ͸лûɱˣ˵ץĵ
ʵŵĳϣѹǻɽƸ˽ԹƸƺɵǹʹԸڵĵӡ
ĴȻһֱлĵĴͳ꣬Ƹĵ̫ߣƵƵĴɵ֡
Ǽɴͷ󣬶ƸȴںժӡˣλͲζˡ
С˵òѵɶУҪΪ
ùĵģǽǴСⷬǷκٸŵʱչֳۻڵʵ
ɽڵԻ
ǵӶѾڵôѾħĴСһħԴ󷢵ʱָǺεȿ£
Ҫ֪ĴУغصΪѾǸˣȴȻǡҴС㱻ôΧȴĳǱⲻ࣬г
Է˶̣࣬ȴһֱ˿ǰһǵһֻͷ
ľ峤һֱƸ˲صȻôѿеĹͷǡ
ŴСҪ鿴غƵʱǸƸϺͻȻ岻ʣˡ
֪ǲǸʦϵ
ŵĳҲɵ̶ڱžأ
ڣСһɫϸǸﻢµһ̨׿¡
ַδ޹ɱ¾ħŮȣǰȥֶڼۡʧȥһ첲Ĺƺ壡
ɣɵ֮ʿϴʾŮħͷУʱ򲻿һħ֮󣬱泷˴䣬سǺƵȥˡ
Ҳû뵽СȻǧһ߳ǱһȰǰַˡ
ɣȻôƲƸˣкҲ򣬾һȥ
ܸоɵƺƸĲǰΨƸհˡ
С㿴˶ˣߣճ֥мЦٸôߣٳҵӣ
죬֪СضģҲȤ
Сı飬һʱҲǰζӳ¡ǷķӣҲСΪУϴΣƽ͵˵
ֻܵҸ˵ħġħ飬ӦñҸõظӦһšڱо֮˵ϣ롭Ͷ̫»Ըѵ㲻ȥˣ
˵⻰ʹ˼۶ȥ
ʵ̫ҪʸףҲҪȥ׷ϸףʲô
κȴС˵ļ仰
̲ס΢΢ۣȥصҪСص
һȺ˺ɢȥЩҲЩ˹ٸͨħͷǣԶԶš
ڿ࣬ʦһȺľˡ
СԼҲþһʦְ𣬱Ż¡
ʲôвս֣֮ܲ;㣡κ٣ԣ˵أü۵ģҪǵãµĶ죡˼ԩ㣬ҪֻƲЦͣסҷڵʲôԣǲܳԿ
һϯͷҲ˲óԷæͱӣʸɷ¼ʦĽԡ
κƲЦȻ£еβӡ
ڶԶĻɥʧЩҧǱɲȻ˲ӵسŮҵӣС㣬
ȥ԰ο˵ٸҲԼĿԣڲͬľ˼Ҳ᲻ͬܿһ¡
˵ٸΪҲûйϵԺٸѣ취㻹ˣʵڲ˻ҪƷ
ϸһʱˡ뵽ԼԭĽٸġ
ȴз֮СǺĶһգѵҪܴ࣬һգ
κЩȥűʾӦø©ͷȥҪǲǼɫ⣬˭
̲סһ£ԼƤ߱ŵĳʱ񱻲βһֳκ۽С
һϻɺͬʦֵܡ
Ϊ˴С㣬Сܲ˼˼СŶߣʦֵһߡ
ɺһֱĬĬϵļɹǸɲͬƺûʲôؽɣһǰߴߴ˵֮Ĺ
СƺԼĵӣŷôûûСģȻЦŸ͡
ӵ̻Ϣٴο˴ɺ֪ΪξЩۡ
ɽһĽǿҪܣҪɸѡ̭ܰٲͷǿǳͷ
ΪķΧʦֵ֮䶼Ϊ֡
˶ʦŮܺɫЩǫ⣬ʦֵзЦֵĳ
ϣǸʵͬһǸʱ᲻ҲСʢвСضԴء
緹ʱС㵹ǿίذʾɺˡ
ɺɽͬȴû뿪ȻԺ
ʵʱɺƺѾ¶˾ģҧҧͨһ˴СǰҵĽԸͶݵɽڵ£ҵȣ
СһǱҭɤۣЩϲ¡
κټʱĺ󱳣һħûбҭ
СôҲû뵽ɺתתģȻҪʦŵͷ
ΪˣС֪ɺһǣɵʦĴ
͵ùκٵħôһλͽԶˣ
ԿһСɫǸɽǧΪǰ;Ƿ˹ٸͨúܡ㣬Ǻ㣬㻹Ͷʦȥɡ
ɺȴΪСڿæǰ۲ʶ̩ɽС˷ڡҿλΰգƷǿЩαӡµӵֲһΪ֮ĽѾһҪΪʦңұ㳤𡣡
˵꣬һذݵڵأӣڣǲ
һεε˹ţ˿ž̡
С̾һڣǡΪá
һӣͷԸʰˣɽĹƤҩԺŰɡ
ϾɺҲС㳤߲ƨҪЩ
СΪĵ·Ϲ򻬺Զˣڵ̫ӣˡ
ɺôСκٺ˵ΪͣƶԼ֮ǰʦСһܳԥ
û뵽Լ𣬰һԼµСΪʦȴܾ
ô˵ˣСȴŷһ죬ߵøɸɾ
ɺӾʧũԺһʱ߷ߵŽ˳ֻܺ޺޿ŷԶȥıӰ
ԱɽĵӹСʦãȻʵǸС˵òҲŴɣղŻΧǺαͶݵҰ£
ɺվһǿֹסᣬ˵ûǸκپȻʹɽܣõķžȻɽڵĸӾԣǴСɽķټԸġڸ׵ķǰģһҪɽƱҪΪСȻ̳ܽκȻҰʦѡ
ҪǣݴСΪʦԸǸаȵ˳ΪͬʦãԳϦദһͬˡ
ôһ˵Ǽ˽ǻȻǼȥ棬ݣŸʦɺһɽ
κٷŸʱ򣬵ȷɽܣڻʱȴõֲɽܱزȱ
ɺܴﵽκٵľ磬۷ȥƷ練ƣСʦòŶ˰ʦ˼
ǸСǣҲûа취
ɺȴһֹסᣬ̬ȼᶨĴɶԷڲƣСĴɣҲпԭһݣְʦĳģİݣǵĳĺӦþͲܾˡ
˴ɺżͬţԶԶɽڵĺ棬ʹҪôһҪͶݵС¡
˵һ뿪˴Ժ󣬺ܿ㷢ɺǻһԶԶ档
ɺ޼ҿɹĺ˺񣬱С˵Ǽ㲻ǰɡ
СϴĻһǷ˹ˣҪ뿪λø˭ûġ
һ⻰ֻسŴСȴôС˵Ļ
ʱ֪ܵκٻˡԭǿС·ˣȥС˼·
κٵƷζ·ɫ嵭ţϺõݳС㴩ڣƮݳϢһֱۣСˡ
СǰĶǴֲ·ⱲӴµһΣΪ˻
û뵽κپȻС㴩ĹŮȹһʱϲҲǲͣĦգž۾κ٣Ҵ᲻̫¡أ
κٿߣԼСʦС׵һͣתȦ趯ųȹڣ̲סǣ¶ſɰĻЦ
Цһᣬ֣ʦ
Сڻϲʱȹھκٵǰκִӻͳһֻ֬ĳСķϡ
ƮݵĳȹȻܴСϸ׵ĵøӳˡ
С㿴κٽߵϵЦȴЩԾˡ
ȻͽТʦӦõġͽܵģȸʦÿȹӣָʦӡôͽܣأ


62 
뵽⣬СʱЩڣ־뽫ȡϸȴκһס
ûмǮ͵ҸĵÑˡ
κٵЩ̣Сæ˦֡
ͽܵģʦѧ½ǮÑǺĴɹѧͽҲǸܳɵģǳô࣬Ϊ˲Դ
ö죬ֻκ󻧣κʶȤЩТʦûʲôָġ
СǾòԾκٵĴȻǰӵ·ˣӾͲˡ뽻Ñ۳Ӻˡ
κüִӻͳƱӵݸС㣺αô鷳Ҫ٣Լá
ôˣκǸɵйҵĹӣʲôȱǲȱӡ
СѵƱ޻˵Ǹµֱκٸصͷϡ
ǲӣ˳С㽫ЩҵķýЩȹˣͷôС𶯣ٶͷҪˣ
С㱻߬ͷֻŪѵ˵ǻЩƣֻܷŴбƱŪͷСŮ
ɺڲԶԶԶκٳذСͷ
һԾȻвʶȤʦСκٿΪ˿Ųû뵽ʦôТ˳
һЩʦ֣򿴳Щŵлʦͽ£Т˳̸ˣ˵ٰü
һ˵꣬ļеӶЦѹֶ˵Ǻϻڵ·ŮʦֺÿѪյͽô̰
뵽⣬ҲԼЩԾԾԣ
ɺȴ֮ǲ˵ץһʦֵܡ
ǼȻҪݴСΪʦǾôǲδʦѹǣһɫ˼ҿˣ
ɺѵͬţȴʦܳ˳ڣȻǰŬ졣
ɺתͷһԭͷĴСż±߹ˡ
Եĵݸɺ󣬱ĳҲҰˣ⼸գͬȥɡܸңҲûʲô˼
ɺҧҧ촽͵͵´Ϊβңҵʲµӣ᣿
С㽫Եĵݸɺͬź󣬿ЦǷ治ʲôĴɣҵųΪηҪִҷڣ
ɺû˵ֻĿ̲סͶԣݸ̧ͷɢƵĿˡ
С˳Ŀ΢΢ĥһ£ʱˡ
ɺЩ̫ԣЩֵӡ
⡭ô£Ϊԭ켣ʦһʦɺȴһĽκٵģ
Ӧǰ
ɺʱҲعС˳ĿҲκ٣ֻͷһ𾪵ؿԼ
˫ڵúˣ
СȴȻۿɺ벻ʵ
Ҳѹɺֱۡ
Ǹ˲ǿмĵɢ̬ȴˡ
ֻ˫۱ͷаϣһֻղųӣĲͶµϸ㣬䳤ĽëҲŵĲݸ΢΢ż̧ʱɫƳڽüͦǵӳ£·ܽ˿
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˼ΪβþֻǸɺЦ⵭˼֣˳Եģת뿪ˡ
ھʱ⽫ĵˮһκٵ·ǰʪˡ
˲ɵֱüëѯСҪ
СڳʦǣҲûи࣡ĵӣ
κվͷСʣǡǷô
Сƿ벻Ӧý۳ɼ䣬
κ̲ס¶ЦǵͷʣҺĵ˭ˣ
С㵱Ȼ˵ɺȻ˼ŮҸöΪ顣
˵ҲˣԼ̫ܵ
κԭŮѪͳƻˣϳһۡɺһ·ŤĹϵʲôӣҲǸûжϵ
뵽⣬Сɴ಻˵ˣֻתɽ£Զسǡ
ǴҪٴǰسǣ̽һ¸ΧĶ
СվɽԶԶسʱκҲ˹
СıӰƮĳ
СƺˣҲ֪ʲôֻתƻȥ·ʱָͨʾȫˡ
СЩȣתͷ˵ôģôͨˣ
κЦЦҲºӦ̫ӣǸ
̫ӳͨٸͨСκԺ󵹲ǰˡ
СԭĹ켣̫Ӻĸʱ⵹֪̫ôְǣƱҪЩĳͻˡ
ǲ֪̫İ˭Ϊʤߡ
뵽⣬Сʣҳһɸ׷أ  
ĸ˵µʱѾˣǲҳٲλͻήҡ
СԭĹ켣³
ѾħҲֻκ׷زҳ
κٿسϿѪɵѪڸ·ܵĳ£ƺڲ˥Ĳо֣
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Ĵɵĳϸ˾ɲɳʲôɵ顣
СʲôȻ˦ʦǰڳһԼ֪ˡļһҵݣȻ޿֡
С룬ǸʦŲϢķӦƵһ㣬Щһʰ
κȴҡҡͷ˱ɶţԺٸƿɾˡ
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κٴҲ֪Ų⻰ֻ˵ðҷڿɽ֮أһ˽ܵ飬ʱȥ
Сûнӻתͷٴοسǡ
Ϊ֪κٲ֮ͬˣΪ漣ݽ֮վҪصԵĹ켣ȥ
ŸɵĳϽʦܻϵϢݻ֮سÿնɡ
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СĻٴεõӦ飬·ĴԽԽ࣬ٲȻҪ˵ӡ
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֪ԼвֵǮֻץЩҪĳ룬й˼ɡ֪̫أҪҲҪһ¡
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⣬ϵЦּˡ
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ôһ˵ʦȷʵһϲĿҪ뿪ˣ
ЩһֱǾ㵱پõĹҲԼƥǡ
Чң˽Ҳʦغһ伫ҪѰķӡ
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һԶʧ󷨺ﱣʦǧַӣЮס
ȻʦҪүܷƣȻѪţǰĹô͸ˡ
뵽⣬ʦȰյȻˣ˼̶ֱܵͨ⣬һİȫ
ȴüȫ㳨˸ţ˭ָð踣ӺļһãļҵûоĸҲġЩں֮ڣʲôԷ֮ǻӣңǲ䣡ɵݣǸ֮м޳ģļһϣб۾֮Ҳֲǣ
ʦͷţЩ㲻˼ȻûнΧĴǿΪλͬԼ˵ǣҪһأ
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˹Щں֮ȣǸСбʳѰԴԺһͶˡʲô·أΪʲôᣬȴôı£
⡭ʦɴһһԭţȻκٵֻҪħͺˡڿվκ٣ڴɿĵֶΣг費ȣħͺñȰοɮˣǰ׷
˵ħҲ˵֮Ըľħźܴƶԡ
һԿʻ֮ˣЩش㲻޳ɷҲѳħ
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ݳǸؽ󣬿治ʮС
Ȼħ壬ȴѹסħûٵش߶ħԡ
Ȳˣ⼸գһֱ˯žԽ÷ıء
νģվԼġҪɣͻһκԭ·
ֻøףΪδС۸κٵȡ֮
ʱ˵߰ɣ㻤ͱȥȡҳٳǡ
ʦһҪߣ΢΢һɣӦòԼ׼Ĵˡ
ƺӣֻʦһҡ
ңǰʦй˼ɣ˺档
ҹİĹʦ߹һһܵ
ʦȻ֪´۸ӣȥңôδȥ
ʦһǲҪؾʱͷҲص˵˵ģҳҪһȽҳȥ򲻿ʲôˡȻ䵽˵Уɾи컻Ļˡ
ʦȻ֪ҳʦغضǽ֮ˣүǵֳֽҳϣӹ١
ܳô˻ᣬҳ
뵽ʦ̰ಽظǲѪײҳҡ
ٲߵмĴױʱʦҲɫ߹ŸƳһۡ׵ȴֻŨѪʲôҳ
ʦۣ̽ү᲻ҳϴξͱСǸˣôﲻأ
ҲŸףЩ꣬Ϊֽ֪ɱ˶ֻޣǿά֡ϧСԺҳȴһƬհףʾԭΪҳȻˡǺͻȻ뵽ҲҳѾ޵ѪˣҪõĹ
ʦ΢΢һүһֱɱЩޡǵѪҺʵѵáЩѪҺ㲻Ĳҳָʲôأ
΢΢һЦȡһմѪɴˮ֮С
ʦƤ΢΢һϳɴǰԼ˿ʣµġ
ΪҪմѪɴˮС
ʦǶξѵģӦҲǾˣֱѸ˹ȥ׼סƬɴͬʱַɳһƤѪֱֱ
ʦĶʵѸˣϧˣԼֻʣһֱֻˣôѸ٣Ҳͬʱ
˦ƤʱɴѾڡ


63 
һʦȾѪ꣬ѪÿһѪҺǼ֮ѵĹƷ
մȾʦѪҺɴ׵˲䣬ԭˮһŵĸͻȻһһ㣬˲棬ڵӿ
ʦѹ˲ˣһתҵĳڱȥ
ϧϱ۵˿ڻڲѪѾʶѪζѪףñޣͻȻȪһӿ𣬾޴Ѫڵӿ𣬻һֻ֣һӱסʦ壬Ȼǧ˻һ㣬ק˸
ʦѪס˲ЩѪëף̰ѪҺ
Ȼѣȴȫ;һƬ׵Ѫǿһֱֻۣץס˸׵ıأȻ¶Żֵ̿񣬳߹ˣҾΪô꣬ûйҲпͣҰɣһΪҡһǸСץ
֮ǰ˦ȥƤ֮ϡ
˲סˣȴƺܿһ㣬µسѪ
ֻƤɿݺӴһ㣬Ѹٱήҿή߰ߣԳһɫ
˰ƤЦſŸʦº͵ؽƤҿ˦һߡ
ƤҿƤѸչƽָʮĻģ
ŵץŸױʦһЦΪ֪˼˵ΧûбȫĵطˣȴűΪѵܳҿסΪã
ʦʱɰģ֤Լġ
ϧΪֻǴʳһѾֵذףϵЦɢȥ񶼲õ£ôָ๷ʲôҳϣǱˡ
δ䣬Ѿ˹ȥֻʦһҽУʣһֻҲնڸ⡣
ʦʧΨһ֧ŵ㣬˲䱻ŨѪˮק޵׵ĸڡ
ˮðһˮ֮󣬱ٴλָƽʦѾ˲仯ΪѪˮ˸֮
һֱˮ棬޶ˣʧ
ʦΪ֮˶ôǾ׼ʲôļƷܻѲҳ
ɾʹҪת뿪֮ʣʧѾõĲҳ¶ˮ档
̲סվڸױߣָȴٳδ±ʡ
ҽҳʱֻ֪Ҫڲҳд֪ǰ
ֻҳ֮ϺõѪÿʹһΣҲòҳ𣬴ҳͨľ;ƿʱһҳֽˡ
ҳУΪ˸Լ٣ı䷲һ࣬Լ֮˵ʹõĴƵƵ
ϴҳͳһƬհף;ƿ֮ӦҲǲٶˡ
Σд˭֣ԵΪҪˡ
һᣬ¶ģѸڲҳдһ֡
ֻΣдĲԼ֣ǡС㡱֡
Ҳܺð죬غѾӶʳǺ
עֺҳչʾСһͻ֪еĻܡ
ۿǿհ׵Ĳҳһָҳ֮ϡ
˼Уͫһԭ
ֲòҳ֮ǰ˵Ǵ֮ˡԭȻԶԽģ
ѹܸĶκٵߣԼ滮õһоա
ҳֻд˴СĹԺǿհһƬֻȼֽһУ֮ˣδδ֪
ֵǣдֺ󣬶ʾֻؾ
ǴСȴʯͷĳʯһһ֮ǰǿհһƬûκǰأ
ǰհףмֻȼе˿͸С㾿к֮Żֳôֵ
ŲҳƤֱһЦһδ֪
ΪԼɾˣ˭֪ȻĳĴ֮ˣô̡
˴СĴڣҳȫ;
ѵҪֹֻļҵĹ
뵽⣬˿ŧѪ︡ĲҳĨ˴С֣룬ͻȻ뵽ǸٸƺԴС֪֮ٴдһ֡
ҳʾδĵһʱ¶Ц
֮ˣȻôʱ֮Ӧԡ
Ƹ֮ӣԭ켣Ӧɱκ֮ˣƿشСĹؼ
ȻҪúóı滮
ֻǲҳѾ͸֧ʹ̫Σдʱҳı澹Ȼ˴ССһƶȻٴγ˸׵ס
֪ҳ̫ãȻ;ƿݲˡ
ЩüµģѾĬˣҳҲա
ڣȥſڻһЩˡ
߳ʱ߹ļôԸĶȥ𣿡
ǼæȭүķԸѾ˸صĹԱϾҪˡ
˵ͷʥʱ¥ڣɿ²ʩչ
˵΢΢һЦȻҪ븮˺ˣôλɳʧأ
뵽⣬չԼ°ڣ֣΢΢͸̬Ĳӣǰȥ
һգسǵһ𶯳ҰĲҰ
ԭȺ鼤ܣſں
Ǻ֪˭ţӿ
֪ΪΣһֱػʥȴʧЧˣֻһȺ˴˽
ʵĴֲǴҽˣˣҲǱħͷˡ
ƫƫǱñ˻¡븮˵Ƚȥ֮Ȼ־ѡ
ǲ֪Ӻδһһʱ֮󣬱ÿŭк񿴼Ͱ׷ܼҳҽۡ
Ҳ֪ôģƺ̫ͷҪѵ
һƬ̻УȺϣӶܣ㳯͹ܼͿȥ
ɢҲѹʱŷ˾ȻѾǶˡ࣡
ǰ׷ܼһֻ˺ɫ֮⣬첲ƴղˡ
ʱǡټ˸صĹԱ븮ָ̫Ԥ֮¡ЩԱĿ˵ʱĲҾ磬һŵáˮˡ
ʱЩ֮˼ֱɱˣȻ볯Щո븮ĹԱ֡
Һ÷ڵĴСԼµĵӸϵڸͲ˸ƺɢ
Сһɢ˸κټܣűסЩ̱˵ĹԱ
С㷢Ŀʧǵҩζһ󼲷硣˽ҩԣ̲࣬ʱɵۡ
ӣĴǴ
ȻǸʦӦãϧô˵ҲļҵĻµĵܵܣ
Щ˽޵֮ɱ¾ģ
һʱ䣬Щӵܣ׷ײֻʷ
°ĵܱܵ˲ɱ¾Ҳ𾪳ҰλȨصϳ׷׺࣬ҪΪȥֹ׷޷Ĵɡ
гЩƽղȴɳƻˣǲͶĴߣӦȫҷ䣬Ҳ乫ԴģĴɵĺ𣬽аһ򾡡
Ȼһ֮ˣΧôԱƤ½ûʵҵ࣬ʵ޷졣
ǲ죬Ī˵䲻ӦǱԼ涵̫ĸǱߣ˵ȥ
ǳһֽ£ԡаڡ壬ʼĴɡ
ĴɣԼİ깬ٲȻԳһ硣
Ȼµͨ󣬲ЩӵΧˡµӲǸǹ¶
˸ĸýڣں쳾ٳӪ
һ𣬷ǼĴӵܣҪ乫Ůһɷ߽һʱ䣬軧ũңţܵǣ
ЩĴɵĵ˷̸ĸǣֻ͵͵ݱʦţصԼĴ
¿ʣһֻҪڹٸд飬ûвΧߣԸʾʦŸѣԺټЩаħͿԼ̣
ӣĴɵĵӾȻ˴룬໹ٮٮߡ
һʱ䣬ԪˣЩһ겻
Ķ࣬һӵơ
һʱ̸ɫ䣬ĴɸħȻûʲô
ɽԭɵ㣬ССɣû̫ǣ䶯
ȻʱҲгӼɣҲҪɽΪԱΪ֤ڵӵʱĹԱûв뵽дС
Ա飬˷ڣϲûзڵ֡
κٺʹСմɲΪ˾¹Աǡ
һƬУκٴŴСٴѰܵһ·ͨ裬ѰܵǸѪס
ĲҳѾƲհһƬֻѪҺƯֽһš
ɢϢݴϡ
κΪˣһӾϳ˾֮ˣĸίɸǵҲͷ
Сȴһнչáôô˳
ȻԪɣôϼ޻ϲôô׾ҵ֮£
ĴŵһԻãŻȺ鼤ܣЩ븮Ա棬Ѫɱ¾
һж˹Ⲽ֣ݺЩ
ĴѾʵɱ¾õ͢Χˣ˵ɽ·µʵʵһ׶˲ɽȥ
λǿտ¶ʳˡ
֮󣬱Ҳ׶ĴɵֻԺ˸Ĵɵɽˡ
СҲû뵽ĴⱲȻκٵΧɱ¾ȴһֲʵķʽ۶ĸ
һƺڤڤע˴СҲܸı䡣
֮ҺСκٴȥ̽ʱеƷˡʥ񣬶˴ǡ
˵ĳӰ·˲ӣʥͬӣ·Ľٷ˸ȥˡ
̫ࡣκСһ£κٻתǰȥݷһ¶̫ӣ˽һе顣
̫һߵǰӹ·ߣȻ̫񣬿ǸֵʱһҲи
ΣǼص㣬Ǿ֮µ̨
ڸ̨֮ϣһɴ̫ӽػڸ̨֮£˼֮
ȻڲԶһ˿Ӵ˶λˡ
̫ƺҲκǾɰκٴһƿʮĳ͡
С˵֮Ļʱ̫΢΢̾һ޹ʣеһģһǹϴᵽˣôȥй֮Իݼţôת۱ļڶַ࣬ϰٸأƫڻӣʲôݣָȥ飿
СֵȻ̫ӴɣαطĴɡҲǱõ򡣡
̫ҡҡͷⷬ飬Ǹ֮⣬ֻǳмͬκˣǸҲǱЮھǰСϣò
Сһκһô׾ˡıʱĿľưոݡ
ȾȨƵˣĺѷ֡α任Լݣضвٿسٵķӡ
ߣ̫ܽСĻҲ˼ĵͷ
ԭس˱üݱ游Լ£ŻͷţѾ㤵ˡ
û뵽ȥˣٴȥ
²ķ𶯡Ұƺһֻƿţȴ͸ʵͷεÿʱỵ̈񷹬Ұ£Գߡ
Щ̫ӸʶԣҺύ´СκλСѣպ鶼Ҫ̶λġ
̫ԺκٱҪͲҳתɽˡ
ҳǰʹùȣֽѾͬһ㣬ƲˡٲͻȥֻҳҪڻѪҺ֮С
ȸ̫ӻȥǻϺκʹСҪҪһȥɽ
СȴҡͷʾԼ뿪ɽ̫ãۿʦļҪˣûɽˡ
κҲǿ󣬱Сڵɽģ˲ҳȥ
СۿκͳƤͼİĵ֪ɽڵ׽ʲô
ָָһɽֺһȦȦඣ
ϴһɽӣ׼ʦʦԣһСָĵطϸһ£Ȼָһʵʦ棬𣿲йʯ£û˵ɽ
ĵһ仰ȴСԴըѿʯ£
ǡǰκٿɽڣħ̵
Сۿŵͼϵ֣ٴθпĹ죬⡭ѵǱȥʯ£ħ̣κٵ
һ㣬û뵽ʦѨһ㣬ֻɵ۲˵
æջָǸʦ棬˵ˣ
СعЦЦ
ʲôЦʦ˼ԶǶԵģ
СҲָָʯµԣǷɽҵùʯµֲԸСɽ˵ֺòã
һʦĳţ⣬æ˴Ĵָ֣ŵȷȹʯˣʦ棬ôǽҪȥʯ¡ԣҪȥɽ𣿡


64 
С㿴κٶԼֻӲͷƤţ£ȻҪȥҸ˵̫ʦļҪˣȻûȥݡǸκ٣ʱڹʯ¡ɽ㰡
⻰Ҳǰ٣ʦļյȷ쵽ˣȻ꣬Ҳһգһڹһƣһ¶ʦ֮顣
ȻǰʦߡȻʦݼʦܻᱻ׺ġ
£ϽȰκ٣ȥɽ
ֻҪκٲˣҲ˦ճ˵ĸҩʣµҲͺðˡ
κĿƳؿС㣬룬ãֻҲڣ鳣һҪСġ
СɣʱһЦŻصֲ޸֮ҲʲôͻԼ·ֳʲôôġİɣǼ̻תǸǸɽɽϵ㰡
κû˵ֻǵȵתɽʱŵͷ˫ȻˣеС㣬͵ʣǲǺ뿪
С㱻֣һʱ飬һʱ֪üϣڸͦıǼϡ
ֻգž۾ĬĬһ£Цôô룿뿪ˣҺͽһġ
κˣ֪뵽ʲôͻȻ¶ĻЦЩ⣺ûǶҿҪң͵øòһ
С촽΢ȴʼûеҪȥ
վ²һʱСκٵ̫ѾƵÿһԵϡ
ˣͽ̨ףҪͷɳʲôʦĹ
κòȴֻЦЦʦЩҵ޽ǣȻתô뿪ˡ
űƵÿϵС㣬޽ʱ̲ס۾
û뵽ʱѾ뿪ˡ
ߴıӰȻһʱزִʧ
һʱյҪκǰò˵Ļ쵰קݺݽڵϣȻÿ°ͣء
ѽСͻȻŵô˸飬һʱԼЩʲô߰Ķ
ƣīߺڣȻеոǸɫһ𣬾ȻӶǻȵˮˣ
ŵСϽ͵Ĭ˾䡣
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κ뿪ʱСûȥĿ뿪ֻվ·ԣ涵ظߺţʦЩĪҪͽ
κ٣ǱѰСӰ󣬱ͷҲص뿪ˡ
κ֮ϵĴСȻͬʱ̾һ
תͷС㣬ʧȻκƽʱˣڣԷǲˣﻹֲþġǲҲôģ
Сôһ˵ȴֻȻ֮Уֲ˵κˣȻҲЩܣԭԭ
һ뵽κپѵĲԼգտգ뿪ˣ˲أ
Ǹɺһֱڷڵ֮
ǵκٴǱСʱɾѡ˵ҪݴСΪʦΪԼĳ⣬ӦüŴСŶԡ
ŵʵκ٣һңóȻκ٣˵ͨ
ڸκֻʱֿ¾ͻǺ¶ģŴС㡣
Ȼһκ٣ɽڵĳ˿ɳӡ
Сȴ⡣Ѿҵ˲ҳڵĲ£ò֧κ٣ȻҲҪѰῪˡ
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Ҳʱ򳹵Ǹ취Ѱȥˡ
СãʵʩȴôˡҲ֪˭©˷ڴСҪɽϢֶߡ
ΪĴɱ͢ãӶĴϵع
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ڴУκƸٸĽֹʵ̫ޣڳɵ̵ӡΡûɽڵ֡
֮ǰħаɵɽڣһӳΪֿȵģ
κߺ󲻾ãĵ·شСһؿͷúһ죬ֱҪݴСΪʦϰڰ塣
ֻãڴСԻؾ⼸и·ſǰͺ̣ҪͶݴС㡣
ƺɽɺ㱻ؾҲߣһ˹ƤҩĬĬڷڵ֮󣬵ȴת⣬ǡ
ԭҪ֮󼪵ĴСЩϻ𡣲ź潥ˣСЩᡣ
Ҫڶ֮󣬸Ƕã
Ҫǵʱɽڵ𴫳Ҳôʢʦǰ޷ؼʱǲҲܿ޵ýһ㣿
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ϧ˱̫죬ͽҺûлȥأڶǰŪô࣬ҿôŪȥ
Ҳϵ棬ͻȻ̽ͷЩԥʦЩǵĵûб٘bģһҪԵģΣԲˣøȥ·ߵץȸԡ
Сԭ׼ʱϷһ֮ġ
һʦϸݵСԼɲܾôˣʦһܿࡣ
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ԵҹʱС㽫ָǡ
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ҲˬҲվҪɻ飬ֻǳżǰĥչԼҲ˶ãôЩɽ֮ʿʧ˵ǰɽɽͨ·ںɽúУЩȥǾˣ
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ħС㽲ͨƺЩˣǰʳˡѵˣѾǰ˰ħ֮ˣһħҵϢħ֮ݵǵϪˮûʲôǿ˷ܵöһҪ㿪ƶǣҹʳˣҹģǴѾͷǵѪùϡ
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ͻȻΪ׵ֻɫķһ̴ٶУһз·ָµֻһУȻɫ㣬С㼲۶


66 
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СƺЩѣգ۾Ȼֵκ٣һʱ룺ҡΣôεκ쵰ˡ
κٿ£ڷ˴룬һӴӼȵıʹתҲ˵ֻǵŵȷˡ
С˵ǾȻƨ˵Ϊλ޵Ѫۣ
κٻ𣿵ȻᣡһΣ
ΣκҲ̫˰ɣСããؿԼô̲סʣ㡭ô
κٴʵص׼ڵ
֮ģ䶼Ǿ˵ķθʵԡ
ֻ˳̫˧ÿһ޹ı鶼ڹˡ
ԺС㣬ƺЩˣԲ۾ûͷûԵԹÿζֲֻʲôˣ
С˵ʵⶼΣÿÿ뵽òˣȴûĵΣ˷·𱻻һ飬ӽˮպ˰
κ΢΢ۣȻ뵽ϴη룬źǺҪһ£ϴΣš
һ̣ＱɫɧʦȻͷع˰׵ֱۣĲǲĴסˡ
ȻΣ˾Ȼôߴߴػ࣬ˣ
棬֣ΪʲôﻹѪָζⴽݾĸоεδ̫˰ɣ
ʱٲ֪ʲôκپ͸бˣ
ܿ죬㷴ΪסС㣬δǹӣ
С㱻ůĻ׳ţèһ㣬ƺߵؼݾ
ԺģСɫ֮࣬ﲻס
֮䣬ƺʴ֮ӱһѷ졣
˻ǰĴ򶷼Ҳһӵ˻
С뵽⣬͵ƿǵˣȻ۴ܣȷһвκ󣬽㡭ô⣿
κٵϢδƽȣֻ˳С㽿޶˵һ·»Ĳɵ˲ҳͻˡ
СеɫҲ˳Ŀ⣬ͷ鿴
ǰɫ˴򶷵̫ңڱ³ĳա
ʱûƴʹԲʡˡ
ͷӣԿϻƵĽ̿ۼЩǶѾ䣬¶ļ
ⶼص㣡֮ݲսˣỹаƣ
һ̣С㷢ȷ˻ľҽУ
һʱæҵԼǷɲԣ
Ȼڻһסκ˫һգգĿװͰ͵ʣ㡭ڿʲô
κٱס۾ȴЦŹĻЩδûʲô޷Ƕѩ壬֬¶
û˵꣬Сæ˵ֺݺݶס˵죡
ԣС޲ڷŵһһҲùڶŮҵҪȡЦ
ҲκյѪۣɵ΢΢ɿֱ֣ۣȶɵκ٣㷽ſˣ
κٺ޳ϵ˼ֻٴαסʧõСʦСĲϳĬĥձۡ
СɫΧѾճ˽̿۵ʧȥ֪
ôһ۾ѩ֬
һʲôžȻص
ôһ룬ٴƿκ٣һȻǶԱ
žǸԼ˶ѪֻǶѪģӣС㴥Ŀģ
ˣѵ֪Ѫ˻˵ģ˵æҵҪҶӡ
κȴЦĶͷûµģһͻԺ׼ôŻҡ
С㶣ΪֻŻķڿմ󣬾ȻٴһСʱСɾµӣ׷κٵĶ档
κٽԼۣС㴩ϣȻվЩˡ
Щƺ˾УȻеԭز鲽ųȦȦκСǰһʱǽ˵ϣͬʱһԳҲڵأ·ڸ˾һ㣡
СЩ죬ǰҪԴһ㣬ΧԼظ裬ôκٳˣȴһڵأʵ˵ӣ
ʱΪ׳ɫֻͻȻһȻķ˺ӦٴηͣǵͷУȴȵ׵ȥ
СһǾƤۣѹٿЩ
κٱ¶ԾȥȻߴƺ˽磬ôҲ岻ȥ


67 
κٺСһۣȻȥǾȥһ̽
ٴɽȣκС֣ЩķˣŹȵȥ
С㱾˦ĴƣĿ估κ˵󣬱ٲˣһԹԵظԡ
һխɽ·ǰȻʣһ԰˴ɽȪʣһƬ̵Ĳݵϣһ쳣ïͩ
һֻ˶ĳѨʱֻͩչë
κҿj󣬼ȻˣȻҪһ̽ɴ౧С˴
ֻЩѨﻹɢĵǣЩǺÿˣĸһɫǶӦɫЩ˾ⳲѨġ
Сۼ⣬ȴϪߵĲƺЩϸĵǡ
СϪ߼ǵǣȴ⵰ɫЩҲķ˵ɫްˣǿǵ״ӦҲһŷ˵Ŷԡ
κҲƬ룬󵨲²⣬ӦһűĵѺµĵǡ
СƵ΢΢üѵҲܻ˶ž飿
žϲĸԳȥ˵ὫԭĵȥСдһʡ
κΪˣ֪޵ĵʡ
Ƿڵĵ˼Ӧֻĺڷﵰ˵ڷΪݣԷ˻ɫĵѨ⡭
νڷ˲֮˵ħ䣬ų
˵ĵƺҲûʲôֵֵġ
Сû˵ͷڼ񵽵ǵĲݴңȻҵһöССĺɫë
С̲סؽУκ㿴Сëǲ׻ǷˣҿܲҵֻСڷ
κٿҵ𾢣̲סȤǾñֻΧ̼ҪѰһֻڷ
СҲ֪ԼôЩģǵ˵ڷֻΪöʱͱĸ׼Ѩʱ;Щ졣Լǡʮˡ񣬴С˲¼Ϊ֮ˣ̫˽ֱżζˡ
κٵĻ뿴ֻСڷ﾿ڲڡ
СתһȦûҵκκɫ˵ټҲֻڷҳǺ󣬻زˡ
ϾǱε飬Ҳ
ֻ˽ʲôѵֻǲιǳ֦ͩ
ʱתһκȴͻȻɫһ⻬Ĵʯ
ʯͷɷдż֡Υ
ô治ĻؾʵЩΥ͡
κٵɫŨصǣɷֲݴ棬ּ
СҲϳּɵʣôҲ
κšüҡͷƽһʯ£ֵļ䡣
֡ȷκٵıʼ治һǻ⵽ôһ£
ʱκٴأΪǿʯͷԱߵĲݴһƺ«ƺ«Ȼŵֻһģһ
Сֻƺ«һ£«ľζκسﳣȵļ𡭡
κȡԼŵľƺ«񵽵һֻȽʱǿֻʲô
ƺ«κԼģҲǶһ޶ĲŶ԰
С㶢ͻȻֵĹƺ«ͻȻһ
ܣĽϢƺЩϤůӿϢƺ˵ľ͡
СĿڳˣ̧ͷΧĽʱͻȻʦΪ˽ʱõ׷ݻع֮ʱϢ񰡡
ʱȻص˹ȥĸȴǱ֮ƵĽ
ʦ˵б׷ݻع֮Ϲŷ⴩Ž񣬲ȴý磬ʹ֮ʱ㶨
Ҳ˵ڱһ龳һԴһԳκʱصķӡ
κʱգȴҲɴκʱա
⴦Ȼ᲻ʱ㶨Ĵڣκʱյ˶пܴҳֲͬĽ
κƶ˵ûд֣ȶԣҲԡ
Ϊ䲻Ƿڵκдµģпһħκµ֡
뵽ʦؼᵽκʯºںɽʧˣλħ̵ӷ˺ɽӰ
κٴγʱƺһգϵȴյڼӲõǹ룬ʱ߻һֻѻ
κƺϲֻ˺ܾá
С˼κ٣ѻ𣿡
κٲüëôгѻǶ
ȷκϲûúС㵹ǿԴƶϣ⴦֦ͩɽȣͬһʱҡ
ԭ켣ħκ󴳴˵أԼҲһֻ񲫶һдԡΥȻħľƺ«ͬʱһֻѻԣСڷ
ԣٴȻﶼڣħκµľƺ«ֵĺۼҲڣǶֻڷˡ
Ϊκٽֻڷ˴˷ȣȻҲͲˡ
˳һ֮Сٴξɥط֣Լƺκٵĳħ·ߣȹ˱֮١
ֻκٱһ֮󣬻뵶ǹ룬أ
뵽⣬С㷭ӣԼĸ첲ط֣Լϵƺɢֱ࣬۶롣
ֻǸղűƵĽǻûг䣬¶ɫƺҲЩ֣Сǽһꡭ
£¶һĨҫ۵Ľ𡭡
СԼǲǿˣæٴ꣬κҲ˴ưꡣ
첲ĺڿ䣬¶һӲӵֱۡ
СЩɵۣΪɶǰκճףȴ˸ٻɫ
뵽Ժ۲ȫӣСĺܳడ
κҲɫأĬĬСĸ첲ΪλˣС㾹Ȼѹüʵôио
Сӣϸü˵ô찡첲ɽɫԺ·ɫô䰡
ɫɫôۣԺɫһ۵·أ
κٴγĬһ£òϣʦǳˣ룡
˰죬Ȼڳ
С¶ֱ۵һ̣֦ͷֻƺҲܲôҫɫٴڷɶ
ڶ˵ͷһֻ̣ﾹȻΪʹ⣬ֱֱСͶȥ
κֱСǰȻˡ
ֻСĲ棬Ȼӡֻʷӡڲϣһ㡣
С˵Ϫˮߵۿţ̧ͷɵκ٣ǡǸòħһҲҵ˰ɣ
κҲüû˵ϵΡ
ʹС㲢޲֮κپȴСȥѰĸʣ˼ҿ֪ʲô
ڻþʵ̫ˣֻﻯΪӡӡС㲱ԺΧĽϢƺԼˡ
С㳤̾һȻħ֮·Ѿߵˣȫס
췣֮ԲʯǰɷġΥ֮£Ҳдĸ֡вƽ
ֻǸԾС͸Щɡ
κͶʦīһ£ȴЩ޴죬ֻüʣкθ
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κдʵ˵ôһΣǳ׷˼ѧո㡰һΡİϷղŵĻٲûԪˡ
ȷСûд֮κٱ㱳۷ԭ·Ϸڿն
κСŲ±ڣڿղϡϿյķ϶ʱһڳ˱˥Ľ磬˳ȥ
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һֱ⴦ѿڣȴ޷ƽ磬һֱ²ȥҲС㵣ĵòˡ
ֱκٱСŷĻ졣
æһѱסС㣬Ȼ²鿴ûбˡ
ղʵֲ̫ˣֱС㵱˿
С϶սˣû뵽ʱȻҲЩڵ̼ǣǿӦϴӣ࣬޴󰭡
ֻСϵ·κٵģƺδŴڵӡǷʱκǽС㶼ˣ
ĵĵ֮󣬶ʱ֮ۻȼգѹС㣺ȥʱûд·ûС
СͻȻס죬Ѽ죬Ȼ۵ԣ
ⱻ𿾹һСģƺˣȻøн޶ˣҲǸϬˣԽ˴֮ļˣ
ǡ£СˣҲ֪飬۾ʱŻ˰ˣ
СֺίסԼ죬ѸٺˣͻȻŲӴ󺰣С㣬κûпû·
С˹ȥҪζëƹӵƣ
Ҳˣֻĸһ߻һСȰС㣺ʦ桭һʶˣǶ֪ʦ˾ӣӣ
ȴ˰ɣ춼׹üˣڴʱҿۿǶס
ԣȻǻϲˣȻҪ󷽷һ
ǿСͽ͵ϻڣѼӲϣ
˵ҲǸƹѣǧСŮɫħĵСѾκϻˣǧٻƹˣɲɣ
Сʱ֪Լڴκ١ɡڵǼأԭС꿴ˡ
Լ̫ıȻضˡ
ΧһȻԭ˵ı顣
СЩؿκ٣ָܳ塣
ʦ˼ҵӢϣһʱ־ᶨκٵɫƻ󣬷ʦŵĴ
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ôţǺܵ׵ʦͽϵڵҲ򲻵ѣ֮һ٣ٶ߰˴εǣҲ鵴ôһµĽ
Ĳκʲôϻڣʲôһİ
κȻûάĵУ̫Ŀš
Ȼ΢Цͷʾ⣬ֵĿü䣬ٲȻʦҫӡ
Сĺʺϵϻڵĵӣ
СˣӦñڳҲʡǰĿ˿
Ҫĵһ£Ҫȥ˺Ĵ͡
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Сһܳȥһѱסųĺ䣬ļͽ˳
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Ƿƺмֻ֮ǰһСץסԼ
Щţתܣһ̣˦βֱС
գŴۣ͵С㣬ʲôôô죿
СʲôûжȻȻؿǰۻҵѸٶȣ￴ƱһȻͺܺץˡ
ѵΪֻ˸ϵԵʣ뵽⣬ż⣬ֻӯһ̣Ȼڷ
²Сһ˳ԾҲԾؿС㣬Ͻܵ£С㼷üŪۣϽˡֻһӣҪ
һ̣κѾȥһѽȻɫᣬȻʣ·ˣ
ôһʣСͻȻһᵽ·ͻȻԼʱ˦ɵİ
ǰ·Ǳʦؼأ
뵽⣬Ҳû˼ʦţû˼оԼΣæƾѰŰĵط
֣ǵðǱ˦±ߵģȴôҲҲ
СһȦûҵԼİҲκٵľƺ«һСĵķɽ
ɵȥʱȴȷ϶֪ʲôʱ򣬳ʧˣĵطƽأ²ȥ
Сͷ΢΢ӣԼһȦʷӡǣĵѵΪ˶ҳˣǷɽȾʧˣ
ֻϾѵؾˣ׼ȥ棿
ôκٻţκٵֻֻѻԣǺڷˡ
ȴˣֻ˶˳ǸǻҲ֪
ħĿǡСһֻԸоħϢѹģӦҴˡ
κ˵ħһϢʱȥȴκý˻ȥħֻצ£໰ƪʹκٵġ
Сĵİȥˣѵ˵ķؾˣָνȡ


68 
Сתһ룬ؼĵ˵ҲãܱȱõҪǿ
ʦĹŲıûص㣬㱻˿ԼҲΪĳдҰʷҰʷ׫Ĵκɡ
ҰοһС΢⣬ɻǲĵص
һֱͷҶʲôСֻǺ˵Լİˣû˻ϴ·
ܿؽԼȹøС㴩κٸСôƯȹӣĽҲĥСȹӡ
ȻȹӵʽûСô󣬵ʤڽοɰȹɴҲƮݵúܡ
Сڸ첲붼ɽɫģɲô·ɫ
СѵӢͬʱ̣һŽӲӵĸ첲̾һ
ȻСѰ˺ɽһ̶ˮǺúõһݣϴϴϵĽ̿顣
ʱɫ΢ϪˮӳճʱС㶨ϸ־޵ظоԼƺøÿЩˡ
òģ˸ı䣬üۼձȴǰǴЩ¸ޣ۽Ҳһ΢΢Լ֮С
۽ǵһźҲʺΡüĿ¶̬ԼŶİͺ񡭡ͺֻƳ˵֮С
òΪֻҲЩϰɣӷ̫⣬ϣЩ˸ͬˣ
ڵò˼ִŭǸУСԼǲ˵Ǳȶɺһܵأ
ֿ˿ԼϵĲʷӡǣˮϴЩӡҲûбǳļ
ֻϣʵЩħƵĸ鷳ˡ
˵ħ飬Сպ۾ŸĴڣħƺˡ
СŸ˵ʱڶѾͷİɣȻŪֻ˸ߣҹԹ߾ˡ˸ĲĿô뿪
СɱʣΪλḽϣôŪǣ
ħɶɤӵ֪͸ˣȵڣǸոҲߣŸҷ˵겻һֻڷˣȴһֻ㵽ʲôôͨ
С֪ħǴħκħԣȻҲκԭ켣нѡ
ڷˣС֪Լûв´ħκٵѻֻڷˡ
뵽⣬Сʣǡħֻڷȥˣ
ħЦ˼زĲ֮ʲô³ǶҲǴԼ˼Ȼǡ
ħĻû˵꣬ĺСϴûУκٸҿ⣬ԡ
СûӦħ齫꣬ħȴԪһ㣬ٴ˳Ĭ
С̾һ˲ˮͣϽ߬߬ʪͷȹӣЬӣһһٳҹ
κٵĳĿõģҰ⣬ֻһҰУЯĽΣܽ˿⽹ۡ
һֻȸС㣬ȻƵС󣬺Ȼظʪͷ
СЩ¿ˮ̣ҲøκٱܼСˣֻꤵȳһ
κٸСϸĵزóЩĽκһģСá
СǳԶͽˡ
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Сԭ켣ҵҲЩ⣬ǲ֪͸ǧٿ׵Ĳҳȥܼܲҵ벻ҪŪŵı
κ˵˰տ˹ʯйˡľ
Ȼǰ⽫йתضı档
ϧС㲢ǶǰˣҲ֪֮١
κ֮ǰϸϸ̽ΪֶŮҲЩ˽⡣
λĸǳɽ˵Ӧĸֵܣ˵ȵ۸ŮʿȻ˹һ¡
ȻɽĳЩ·ȵϲȻҲַȥÿĻʶͲϣɽһС֮ǰ̸
СͻȻ뵽ԭĹ켣ͻСӵϻλΪһ֮µ
ôСĸ׸ĹϵĪ棬ܻͶӵ֡
ԶɵĻǹ̵ĶӣҲԪɵӡʵǷԼµۡ
ѵԪݣ˳ɽŽʯôҪĵط͸˳ɽŮ
κСķҡͷɽɸͬλүϲͣˮϯϣǸԪȻԷϻͯºѳ׸ͷ棬ϲֽѵүȻܿͻᱻϤɽ˿
СǸ£ıԶǣɽӦҲķӡ
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˽ģȻϯӣϴʱѾظ˸ɲݣ˲ݵӣڲݵ·
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κȴˣΪߣСͷԣ˯Ҳȥô㡣
˵꣬Сȴ
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ǰ޷ģ˷ޱ䣬ı䣬Ҳûʲôϡġ
˸˵ڸ̨ϴɢĺ£ȥйϢ
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ʵÿҪö࣬ȻҲǽСֻ˲ĳһһС
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Сûж໰˾ϿٳŶϵķȥ
ѸĶٴһ
СȻڿطһϽչ٣ȴһϲͨ
ȻСƾ췣֮żΣǾ֮кܴľ롣
û뵽̶̼ղ֮졭ƺѾԼ֮ˣ
ݲ룬ҲϣС㳯ŶϷȥ
ⶫϷʯɽɽ·ڡ
ʱκɽЩ
ΪڷؾͷѪκ⼸նʺ϶
ĴɽԶκٺǸУú󣬱ֻġ
ǻصɽʱɽһȺˡ
κٲüСһ·ʲôһȺҪѰģ
ϵȺˣС˵⣬ȺʦѧյľȻһ·ˣǵøϽʦ棡
ôһ˵κ֪ԭɽȻģôſʦ
κٿɲϣλСʦ㿪ɽš
˼ʦֻԼһӣԳڵˡʦֵܣնҲֻ˺ȣӰպʦɽˮ
κֻûЩûɫˣˣŴС׼ɽš
ɾ̤ʯ׵ʱɺҲ˿ʼɽˡ
ԭһҹСߵ֪ʱ˲ŷִ˲Ӱ
ЩһΣĻңʹҪظˡ
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ɺôһͷҲͶʦҪؿ飬ɺĴ£Ȼ˦ĸҩһһ·׷쵽
ɺɽʱǡÿ˱ͷʯʯ¾ȻѾĽɽ
С˵ûﻹǷڵĶɽ
ʵԶԶģɺ˲κ١
һ˸ߴӰɺ۾һæܹκٴк
ϧκٶǰô䵭û㾶ֱɽȥˡ
ɺŲͣæ׷ϡ
޵ɽ·̫ƽɺµʯһ⣬һȴǹ˵κٵϡ
κٸоȻԱ߶ϧڲܶλЩתʱɺɲɵر˵ĻС
ɺ֪κֻǹⲻ㿪Լġκٿʵʱһϲֻ̧ͷκ١
ʱߵǿoĻ겻
κٺܲϲ㿿üҪƿʱȴͷ̨״죬С㣬㿴û˵һòŮĵĻɫ
κ̧ͷһȴʦС㣬ϸվñֱȹڷж𣬵Ÿ̨һĶһֻ֣Ŀĵ̨µǣĪЩɱ
Сߣ겻ɢ˵Ļ뻰Ҳصӽģ
κٿСֱԼʱֱƺƿɺתӭС㡣
ɺ⧲һˤ̨ϣǽѪˡ
øЩʦʦۼˣæȥɺȻŭκٵʦòСˤ˵϶ѣαôˤûЩӷȣ
ûκٿڣСѾ̨ףһײκٺɺǰάԼͽΪ֮ˣֲլԺĹôôʯ׿ɶ̵ģƬ̦ûгǲҪˡҴͽǣ㿴ô˿ڣƤ˺üѪҪץҩԼĨҩֹѪ
ɺһˤȷдĳɷ֣ڱСƣʱЩҲסˡ
ֻ˵ĸ첲ǿŵ·ҲϢһʱͷΡһ·浽˳ĵķϣǰɣ
ϧСˣȲ׽飬Ҳͽġͷ˿Լ϶ŵ˾ϣڽӽɽȺʦ֮˺˾𶯵øˡ
СȺȥ˾ϵױҲڲͣض
ϧħ˶̫ױһָС㣬һָȺ
һֻ̣һ죬ǸһױȻѳɼ飬ײˣ
СҲû뵽Ƹ֮Ȼôã̲סȵתͷ
Ҳû뵽ϹȻһӢˣ
̲ס̧ͷС㣬㡭ôõģ
СС˾ϵָʾõİҿ˵ˣǷڣ⣬Ҷ࡭ֻ㣡
ֻⷬﻥһκٵУ͸޾
΢м
ûϵһֱ˶ıյû죬ѿˡ
û˾ϣĲ̫ã
һƶǱħ֮˾ЩҪʦĵм䣬쵽ʯ֪Ϊ


71 
ɺűκƵˤ첲ˣֱСԳڰʦǴСҲˡ
ӣɽСӾʧҲЩת
һ·˳ģ¶ޣȴǴ򶯲˴С㣬ԼԵ
뵽⣬ɺȻתЩ£ĸڸͶĵӵɽڵż̫ߣԭǲˡȻͲţǻǸɢȥô˱˵ɽ徻
ôһ˵ҲĻ䣬Щй׼롣
ɾʱСȴȻɽŲȴҲʣֻӣܵþѡΣѡʺϷڵͲšɣɽϰҾϸϸѡ֮˳Ϊµĵӿɺã
Сôһ˵˶ʱʯΪڱǵĳĴ򶯣Ϊͽأ
ֻ֪СΪλͻȻĿڡ
ѾƶһħЩм䣬ˣǷŻɽ
Сʹ˻֮ƣЩҪʦɽڲʯ˵
ֻҪħ鸽֮ˣһ¶ŵġ
κ˴СĻ˹䣬קԼǰʣƽôӸ
һʱ³ͻȻСû˵ʵֻܺЩ顭ݵԺٸ㽲
˵֮תһ˽˼䡣
κٵף˴С֮Сôܸص˵
ǰʼǸоС֮ƺЩʲôֻǲ֪أ
һκʮֵĲôһ˲䣬κٵ͸Ѫ˿ȴǿסˡ
֮֮ܶѶڹ㿪ɽţһȺӾʹɽȥˡ
ȻȳһĵǶӿɽʱҲɵۡ
κٺǵ㶫ɥҵѽһҪôӣǽɽϵƤιǣ¶ǲ
СҲ֪ܶǣȻԼӼҵҪԿˡɽʱҲҪ˲ǵķӡ
κקһߣܲҹۻңȡЩ˾Ϻ
κüëЩ˼ʣҪӵϺЩµǣ
С˵ͷ㶼˵ˣǲǿˣǵֵסϺģҲΪ˿ɸѡĵӣýɽӳԿ
κٶƺ˵ĻĵʶκٶԴСӦġ
Լͳ˸ڣһʾͷһֻӥ
κ˿ٴŵʹ
ͬӥʷ˰죬ǲ£ƺʲôµĶ
κ룬ʱˡ
Сڿɸֻˡ֮Ȼݶη
СæܿȻһߣӥſκٵļͷɻëըƺ˾ŵӡ
СʱҲ֪ԴԼӷؾԺɽɽķƺǰˣÿֻԶȴһֻȸ
ɴ˿ɼж
ӥţȻٶ졣ʱҾ˿ʯӵϺ
ЩϺһմȾġɽܲЩϺҲֻκٺʹСˡ
³ģȻֻдСκˡ
Сʵô̫ǰϴϴ̣󲿷ֵĻκġ
κٺܻ㣬ǽڷ޳ָʸӣһǳɡ
СһԳɽޱնӣǸξǸšŷ˲ҧаصһһɱڡ
ȻԼǰСȴǣħĵӣԴɱ¾֮
뵽κҪô˵ķˣֺõؾŸɽյκٵߡ
κҲûпɽҧһڣһҧСָ
С㼱һ㣬С㰡Ҫˡ
ԴλʦĵɽԺ˾һֱûԼ˵Цˡ
ʱԼͲס˵ʱҲ䣬ӡ
ϧκͷѪԪȲʦ̬ȣüˮͰɽҰطʮȦ
ЩǰκҪڴʦֵĳӣǰЩţҲ⡣
̻ƵСֻʣΪʲôſûˮĳϺô
С޻һгȴֻһֵĻشҲˣǽժ˵ˤһԣΧȹ׼С͸͸
ɻû߳ȥ˦̯ˣЩɸô죿
һɽͽȻһֱûߣѡ˸ɽϵķסˣٲȻһŴӵĵС
κĺصȴĿ˵ʦҪҪʦ飬ͽܵѵʯĵ̣ûʲô£Ϊͣ
СҲ˵Ҫʱա
κٿԼǰӣҲѾƻ
Сգ۾κٻڲס⡣תŽκ٣߹ȥӹ㣬һ߹һ߽͵ˣֻЩ㲻ͶԼҳԵȥ
һҵħˣҪ룬̳κٵκٵħҲ֪֮
Сͽȥˡ
Сô˵κٵɫײʡ
ͲС֮Щأ˱涼ᱳֹġ
С㣬Сȴѹûи֪˼ÿοǸСǰΣκٶ˳Ӭһ㣬޲һ
С˵⻰Ϊκٻû뵽üۣõһµŻƹϣ׺ݾ·Ҫ˵Խҳһ㡭
һӣֻܺΧκٵϴ˴֡
ʦСԲ˼ҵ֮飡ʦĻҪԼͽܵɫڵ鹲ΪʦҲǵȻ޴氡
תһ룬ʵϸ˵κԼʦŶԣʦɫҲͽӦõġ
СﵹǺЩջκټĵ͵˼λƹϳԡ
κȻڸСֱŤɴ͵öԵʱȴٶȣõˡ
κȳһǴＹȻطŵһߡ
С̲סÿ͵ԣǳ˼ںˣȴסˡ
سʱκһҲ˹ӳԷʱеǴＹǿɿڣϧȥҵĹӣûȷζˣ֮ǰ̲סκٸǰ˼ء
Ҳ֪ʲôʱκپȻҲˣζȻسǵķζ޼
Сڣ˿ӣЩ˼صʣ㡭ȥǹʦѧ˲ף
κһˣƺ滺תͷۿСˡ
СԵմȾǴ֪֭κ̣̲סСקǰָ³ظá
ƺȻûشСʻתв˳ˡ
Сʱշ˵Ĳϣüбڷͦǳޣһƽ⡣׳ĳȵػŲףԭħӣʱȴ˼̻֣ղĺһ·䣬ʧ΢΢
רעÿ˾ȻǴＹҪɫɲ͡
СһʱͻȻЩɬɬǸӣֻŪСﵹҲˡҲֵڻתԼʱǰݳɫίһ
κٲһаȲˣĺãǵεʵް㻨пԡĴǿġ
뵽⣬С̲סӱ§סʵˣĺϣҡȷЩûи㣬ɲ˵ҲΪáҸصûʲôɽϳһħ飬Ҫ֣ħҳѡⱲӣֻǸֺαسԲɵ˵ķɴף
ͻ괩Υڣйضǰ飬κ˽κ˽˲֪ǰأҲǴ
ֻ˵Ϊڴ˵Ĵԭȴ̫ϸ˵
§κٵʱ˵ֱ۱㲻ˣֱֻˣСĺ󱳡Сһѵʱ
ֱͻȻ˴æҵؿϹ𣬰յ˶ˣ
κޱسŮæϹңȥһţȰＹ꣬һһٸ֭Ϻ򡣡
С֪κһ˵ôĻˡ̲סκٲȻЦּһＹȴ˵
һʱ䣬˲ӶЦһУһɱۡ
泩κֽźһ峴ըüʮɫϺ⿱㶼ˡ
˰ʱڴð˼ʮӣЩոɽ׼ĵҲˣһ¶ϲɫֱ۴ֵĴϺķ㡣
ʢ磬ﲻɵð̾ԼͶʦͶˣ
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ҿǻʹʢɣڿͻĺΪδڣָտɴ
ЩΪЩĵӣӵĺ쳾¶ɡ
Ͼ֮˽ڸ̨֮ãʵа
СλۿЩ˲ӣڿ˵Լƽ嵭˳θ߳Щ⡣
Сһ֪Щһиħ֮ˣǽųԲ߾ŶûУ
뵽⣬Сվóһ֮ȣڣһ³ۣ翵ӭ䣬ȻҪͶҷ£ҷڽ壬֮ǰɵ·СҷԷоԾԶ̨֮ҪôҪȻǳԵúã˯úãã˲žԳΪҷڵӵĵһǡٶٳԱܳԵģԾɽŰɣ
䣬ŵĵƽкá
˵ǴƨҲǲԣΪ۵׸жᲢ١ǰĴǳԲãҲ˯á̰ͼһ¿ڸ֮ᱻʦѵ⣬ͬűӡ
û뵽ȻȥεķڣȴǹӳԱ˯ãܲһȺеǸжӯ
һʱԼʦǳݰ
ǵʦư
ϣƸʦͽ۵Сۡ
˵λκٰŵģûɣӵζκٹⰲŸġ
ʳ嵭ĴҲûбƸ߼˵ˣ
Ƹеǽһ׳֮ӯУ¶ʳƸĵ˵Ǽҳ㷹
ϵļλö඼̹ٸģƽﵹҲû
û뵽ڷڵķϣһԳԭΣСĴԺ֣ܾ˵ǣһģƶҪĵ˵ӡ
պЩƸǽͷݣǶӴڳʱ򣬱ڵĽ˷ģǴСոռ桭Ǹʦ˵ģ޵Ҳǿ
˻һĵļȶʱЩϲ¡԰Ƿڵĵȷʦڲɣ
ѵؿڸ֮ģ
ǳɵʱᱡ͸ɴȹżŮӣһ֮Цˡ
СǼලÿϵûдڳϺ
ҲǻѧãԼسʱ¥ĸŮ輧ΧһžӵΣ˼ලԵȻȻ
żŮӣЦȻִƣÿǰһȰƣһԵٵ⡭
ǼŻסĵӱ⼸ŮһȰȻɴƣǲԾش
С㵱ԸҲ˭Ӱˣȴû뵽Сͷűԣɵáôɫ
ֻǿ´ãƱյĵǣͬɵĺ꾫ǣС㶼һʱ㱣ԼƺԽϻˡ
ɫȴãһʱЩЩЦһԵغƾƣһСĻÿӼ˼ԡ
С㿴ˣæֹϴʭѪѣкڵòС
ƹӵĸЩСֹǲˣɲһᣬҲŶӼéȥˡ
ⳡʢ粢ŵĵǡ֮ⲻھƣھƺûУ
һһϯգɽé޳ֻ
߬ŲֽŶӵĵӴ˴ܲסһŶӣһ߷ƨɽӵġ
ǲһᣬŹ洫£ΪڵӣҪĻݲݣԾ㶵ȴӣзţһɽţ
ٸҪĲ¡ɫؿСԼֽʣո֮ԣòΪҪéһӣ
Сգ۾ħǽթҲװӣҪɻô죿Ȼɸϸ˽ȥһ̽ǵûȻүƵǷƭƭȣٵҸŮģӵéޣֻֽ͡ʶˣ˽ǵּ
ĻһʱԼظѾ£ĵ˵°С㣬ãҪŮӿˡ
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ҹŵĵһɫ˻ƣڵúͣ
Сɫ㱣ŻЩҡҡ׹ٸӹӣϸ˶һȴɽµƺͲסϺȫˡ
Ǹɺ۵ûéġ


72 
˿ħ鲢ûЩŵĵϰ
ѵٵ˾ϳƫʾʧ
ŻƤɷ׵ӣҲʵСһ߳˼һ˳ֵݸһ衣
ӹСݹ裬˼ڣѹס˶ġ
˿˼Сͷ˼ʱĽë΢Ե浾࣬濴Ǹ龫ֵС
ֱڵҲ׽ŪһҲǳƽˣԺĪҪټƽҵǴβǿɺã
СȻգ۾˵ǰǰħŮ顣
Ҳ֪ԼڹΪȴӲǳ
СΪͲͬ·ˣ̸ֺԭ²ԭµģ
뵽⣬СȻ֮ⲻħ鸽֮ˣ᲻˾ϸˡħѹЩ
һҲ⣬˵ܣ˾Ϲʥ̽ħ׼һħ鰤̫໥ã˾ѹѣҡβеʱڳ֮˶˼鰡
˵ζĻС̧ͷɴ۾
Ϊ˵öԣɽµȺУһڰʦĵ֮⣬⼸ˡ
ɽκٺǣ
ǲĺӣһأ
ʢ磬˱Сĳ˼֮⣬Ҳûгԡ
뵽⣬Сķ·׹һһ·³
˵Ǻò⡣
κ٣ҵĺˣԭͲʳϺѹⲻǷħ鰡
οԼѾһħɽе飬κԼΣ
С֪˱κٵʵʺħ
ħ̰һǴκٵģһħ鸽κٵϣǻع˱壬ֱ
С㲻֪һħ᲻̰һͣԭ켣й¶֮ʱ֪κ١
һκ֪Լԭʲôֻᷢı䣬ʲôĺҲԿơ
뵽⣬С㲻ɵԭ˼κԽԽ
뵽κħԣħԷչһǧԼ֮ǰҪǰ
Сһʱļ٣ĸ̸
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Ϊһʢ磬ŵĵȫˡ
ɽϵǻָЩ徻
֮С룬Ǿκ̽һ¾
֮ǰûлɹıħ鸽Ҳһ
ڸ·һģúÿǰˡ
κٴʱȴ֪ȥ˺δСѰֻųѰҡ
ߵСʱŶӴ
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û뵽СײϣϽʦϴ˼ҵԭ¡
СŹֲͷƹӵģڼκ٣ԸϽĽĵǸֻ㷽ſʦû
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Сɽʦɽʱһ۱㿴κ˫Ŀգ˵ϡ
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͵Ϯκ֮ˣòǲɽ˰ɣ
ȷκٺƽȣ޴󰭺Сӹĵ̽ɽ
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΢һ̷ߵˮ˶ڣˮ֮£һν˳
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뵽⣬С裬κ٣̽ƽ硣
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С΢΢üĻɽ
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ǲ鿴һȦѨﲢûʲôӡǸӦûܴ֮ǰĽ硣
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СؼǵãڶԺɽǽϻĲʻи̶ʦκٿΣҲһϹoĴ˵
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ŵĹӰڳʪʯϣʯȻɫ¾ɰ߲ıڻ
ֻЩڻõĸħκٵķṦΰֻʣЩϹoĹˡ
˶ʦõıڻЩԭ̫۵ϹŵĴ˵ԵøעĿˡ
Сעһͩͷ˵ıڻΪǿͩȻڷؾ￴һģһ
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С㿴һᣬƲһڻǰֻڻȻֻڷˣȴʣƺչ᳤
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СһֱҲɽߵСǰЩڻͻȻֵһ⡭ϹŴ˵У׵۾ಫĴ˵𣿡
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ôһλϹŵĴȴΪҪνȥָǷˣѵҲúڷﲻ
ƽҽҩ䣬ʣµľǷ׸˸Ұʷˮѧ
Сôһʣ㽫ԼҰʷ˵˳
˵λ׵Ϊ˾һλִ
һԲϣսһ伤ҳ̶ȣڹףڵ֮ս
׵λˣ񡣹׵Ϊ˶ܳУֻܻΪһ۾Ǳں֮¡
ȴ벻ƣųһֻѲ飬һӱҵ˹׵۾֮أצӺҶץ˳
׵ڷಫʱ¶Σ信а̬֮ȻǶù׵۾ȫˡ
ǶҲͽ䣬ӡ֮ȡ
˾صĴսȻҲԹ׵ͬʱҲҪܳͷĨȥo䣬Ͷֻأֱſת˾
Ҳ˾֮ȱʧĽħɽ˾ڣ˾ڼ䣬˾ۺɽ
С΢΢һȻĸ˵иƭļһҶĸ
ѵǸƭ񣬾׵۴սλ׵۱ܷλȴƺӡѵǿƭ˵ãƭɵļңʱ޲񣬱ֻ֮
Ҫôƨƫۣܵˣƾʲôֻһ
С׷λ׵ִһλʱȴҡҡͷʾЩҰʷļҲⲻꡣ
СεڷȴǸճССһֻѵǸɫۣùӡĶ
ɴ˿ɼˣ񣬶̫ɫȻĻ̤һٲǲ֪ǹ׵۾ǺεӢˣȻˣ
Щoıڻкܶ࣬Сȴû˼ٿΪκٻڶء
СʱмҲˡǷҲСκš
ӦǿŵɽܣҲ˹
Χ̫κڻ۾۾һţȻ˿鲼ٲȻħ˵ӡ
ͻħκٵϣһֱ衣
κٵ۾ĺˣ̸ߺСģ
ͬʱҲٴСߣҪֹκ١
ǵ۵˿ĴСһ̣ȴױŭˣ
һֻ̣κͷѨͻȻָץ˹ȥ
æ񵲣ȴκٵĴһӽ飬ֱֱϮʺ
ǷزϳİϣѰĸˣһħѲҪǸκٵϣǸͻһ˵צ
ЩǱмֻܵתͷСߺѾħɱ¾ʱɽ˶ɣ췣֮ԽħһҪ飬ȡħſɣ
⻰̾ʦ棡򲻿ɣʦģ
⻰ֱ
ЩֻħκħԷʱĿ£
浽κħԴ߷µʱ򣬾ҪɱҲˣ˸֮ʣʱɽ˶ҪΪκٵĵ¹
뵽⣬ͻȻתҪȥС췣֮
⽣췣֮ħֵסģֻǰɱκһ㣬κٵ鱦̨ܳɱ߱ɱħ
ϧСϵὣ鼱֮£̴߶ŵĵͻȻȼȻΪȦϮȥ
ûа취ֻˡС㳹ױ¶κٵǰ
ֻκٺۣƺ˵ӣȻŴС˹ȥ
С㲻ҶȥϮǣֻӲͷƤκսһ
СȻκͽܣһֱԼͽΪ֪֮ֻ֪κ츳ѵõţ츳ţͷƲǱܵߵʡ
һ㣬κԼ
ڣκȫʧȥʶɱڣļȻǵಫķ
ÿһУƴȫκء
СԴʶԺʦͽд趼йһν֣Ȼ̼һʱҲӦæҡ
ȻСһУٴСһ𲢼Ըκ١
һʱ˲һǣ˶סϯˡ
С㷢֣ЩԼվһκٵɱͻøʢɽѹȹϵļ̶һӱ˼
С㵱ϣϽ֣ҸطĪҪκٿ
ˣħ˶꣬û˵ħĴ򷨣
ɴС㲢ǿЦûзӦִһ顣ٴμ𻨣Ҫƨɡ
Σֻʱ£һԵĲݴ
ʧκٵҰκٵĹƹȻ˲٣궯ѣСϮȥ
СڸʦĽħ鷴ɣʧȥʶһʱħ֪еζ
۵κ٣СȴǾвԡ
ΪܸоԼλħĸͽ·ӣһĸȤƺ͵Ҫץ·
СϸƷȭغޱȷͽʹõåɻʽ죡
ڼеҪ˺Լ·
Ŀ֮£κĸħɫħħ
Ǻ͸͸۾С糺죬գ֪ҪԼСȴɴҶഭһ£
ϾΧۣκһӳҪէ֣˷
Сע⵽κȻָۣȴûħڣԼϴħǴͬġ
ּ𣬷Ҫ·ӣҰᵽɧ۵ЩƣֻӦҪϴμҵöࡣ
ʱһԹսŵˣֻס۾ٴָ￴ս⡭κǲ͵ϻڣ߻ħˣСϸ·ӱˣ
С뷭ۣκԽƣʩչˮС㣬гһԵȥŪЩˮõκٵϣ


73 
ķӦ죬תܵһԵ̶ˮߣһŴҶ£Щˮܻõκٵϡ
ˮõκٵֻ֮κٵζһ£ĺɫ˼֡
Сһ֪ԼĲ¶·κٹȻħɧһĶ
ɴ췣֮κٷ˶ȥ
С㳯ʱκپȻ㲻ֻչֱס
СûӵסͦνʵˣͬʱĬˮ̶ˮնˮһ㣬˲סڿնֱֱ׹һԵ̶ס
̶ˮкСˮзۣͬʱԼ§סκ١
̶ˮΧƣκ۵׵ĺɫȥˣԪ˵ʱı׶Ҳ˳
ǻʱˮζȫƾСһס
ۿκٸոѣƺСæȥ˽
ˮ˵ĿƮϸܵĳƮˮݲƣһĴ߲ʱðһˮݡߴҲǷΪеŮӵסһһ׵ˮĭ
֪䣬ʮ̶ָ߮ˮﵴ˲
ʱ̷ߣڶˮݺͶļòС
ˮ̽κһýڴܣƫƫʶˮԣʱ²ˮ
Ƕˮµʱ䲢ǺܳС㷢κѾȫָʱٴĬˮһͬ˰
ʱκĺҲȫ˳ȻСҲȫվ
ûְγҪϮκ٣ȴСӶ䣬һӽ𿪣ߵѵ㿴˰㣬ʧȥǵģҪɱ޹
ȴ϶Լ֮ǰĲ޴ֻߵħǸκٵϣβħô֤´ΣӦκħԷʱʲôŰо
κ̧ͷʱǲֻôҳħʲô
ʵһͣȻû˵Լúܣ
ǰκٵȷ̫ԩΪκٵԱִѹ֮󣬱ħԿ˼ٵģ
ԼĸغЩ£ҲﲻӣκȴһĴɣҴɺ⣬ڶ£
ðűСԹ޵ΣգҲҪδȻκħոոʱ̨նݳ
Ȼеԭǣĸ׻ħҪûħġ
κǲĸҪȣ
ֻȴ˵κһֱ࣬СĻС
û˱Сػжôÿ
СʱֻʣۣһκĨյˮһƶˣħĲϣ
ΪСκٽƱ磬ϣ
С㻺˭͵Ϯκ٣˭Ǹħ֮ˡ
ʱκƺҲһסؿڣ͵˵Լ͵Ϯǰи͵͵ǰɽҷ֣һ·ˡһȴǱͻȻ׳ҩסڱǣҲ֪ģĵ
⣬СһᣬȻתͷɽĽӡ̲סյ⣡ǿϵˣ
˳ŽӡɽʱЩƣΪǽӡֻǻڶ⣬ȴûС
ԭǶиܹƵĽӡ˶ڵĳ⣬κ˶롣
Լϵӡǣȴǡܽ⿪ӡʵǱӡƭɽ˽⿪ɽ֮Կף
ǸκҲ֮ⲻھƣǹκٵܲȳӡȻСȥɽĽ硣
㣬üϵزκ٣Ȼٴɽ
Сܽɽʱɽձȷţƺ࣬ʯ񶥶˵ķǶʯѾʧʯֻʣ¿յһˣ
СĲǸȻκٷ֣ȴƾͼƣʩСƣ͵ҪĶ
СȻ֪ɫıʯǺǸħ֮˴ĻǵҪõⱦʯһʮҪ
ʱɽ˾ߺԭκٵ̫أžȻѪˣ
ȻڲöԪʱУԪļ
ΣԳһĨϲɫκپʹ̨޸Ӵ˾ǷһĽǱɱκٻҪޣ
һԵȴȦͨ죬һᣬҪȥǰɽʦƽֹѪҩ
Ԫ˵ĺ֢Ǽĥɲҩܾεģ
СֻԼƽɢУôؼʱ̣Ȼ²ų͵ڵκ
κԼǿѹסӿѪСȡҸƧ֮ҪΪƹڼ䲻ɱ˴šͷȥǱߵɽɡ
С֪ҪϽκˣǴɽҲСΪʦЩӱչأѡ⴦ɽġ
κҲǱܼɽӵЩʦǣԳضڵĺ⣬һɲÿ
ʦ˵˴ĺõط
Сǰû˹ʯԲʯʱȴ֪һתˡ
κʱκٿĻȱһᣬһѪ
СԹԽ°ͰκٿļϣԼӵ뻳
κһߵͷֻҪ̫֣뱧öǿԵġ
ƫƫⱾϢˣ˫֡رĲʵ
С̣һѶԼɿһ˫Ĵۣ⡭ѵǺϻڵ֮Ѫˣ
κٴʱЩ˿ȫȻŽҲ֪ҩȻˮҩδҲҳ׽ҩԣҵѪ֢֮ͺˡ
СۿͻȻס˫գȻôһһڰ֮⣬ͷϵҧۣѪδɡ
Ȼǰ㣬κķǹҧԼͷŴ߷ôһ˵Ѫ
ĻӣСòˮңѵ֪ҷжൣģΪҪˣѵ㱻͵ϮҲǼٵģ
κٰЦסҴСȭͷȻԼĺףôİôԼóġ͵Ϯ֮ˣĺܹŹ֣
С㲻⣺ôŹַ
κٵ𣬵͵͵ػþ֮ǣԼһļô֡˵ҰЩʽţȴһģһһ·ӳġ
Сһüͷ
κٿҰ·ӣһһʽڼ֮ȴԼĸ֮£ķҲкܸܶ࣬һģһģ˾óļк
С˼ʱκۿһıڻйطؾͩıڻʱҲһ㶡
£˵ȴЩڻ֮ԼװѪΪƬ̸СĻᣬҲֻʱ˵Լڵʡ
ֻҪ˵ģҲС㲢
뵽⣬С㣬һ£ڿڵС㣬и˺֣

ڶڶĳ̸ʱǰɽȴһֱصȴš
Ҷ˱չصʱ䲻ɫʱǾʹӶѨ
ſڣǳ
ҲһֱûߣʱŷڵҲɽҪκٵƵΡ
ʧǣκٵƺ࣬Լ߳Ѩˡ
Сƴһɫ㲡ΪκٵˣСҲ
ӶѨ߳ʱС۾΢һƬҲΪκ٣ƺ޵ϸߡ
ʱǰɽҲǷƱá
һҹʱ䣬ЩкĵҲ׷׻ָˡ
һֵӣոջָʱ򣬾Ͳɽȥˡ
ϾԺһȫӶкģôͶεǣһСķ˶ûЩ֢״
Щۻ֮ɣСҲ̫ˣǲǣֱӺȥα˴ĥˣикҩ
ѹĴɵĳ϶˵ħ˼죬¹尡
С˵ЩߵĵӣֻĲɵص˵ͷ
ȥɣûʽʦ£һ֮
СҲ֪ЩԺ󣬴Լ˼ܻаħĵٻһ
κټȶħͷҲ⣬οȷˣһҲԩ
ֻϧ˶ȴûŲħ鸽ں˵ϡ
С˵ȻɽϵЩӶǣҲˣȥѰɡ
Ȼǲģ֪ΪΣֱħӦûʯ¡
ǴɽʯԭĶǰҲһֱȥ
ؼǵãǰκٶδǷ˽ʯ
κٸǽǺɽΪأ붴͵鷢
һСȴشɽ磬ٴηǰе⡭
뵽⣬ǲˣԼſԺܺõذСӦԽ⡣
ϧС㲢ڿߺȴû˼ֱֻӲĹˣ뿪ɣ£κٸòˣ
⻰˲Ӭһ㡣һ뵽Сκɽһҹַ֪ʲôɬɬġ
ʱϣҵǸ»صʶСʱ򣬾͸ˡ
һô԰ԴŮô಻õӡ󡭡
С뵡ӣǲҪִúá
ҲûתƸ󿴿ף취Ѱħˡ
СҲءȰߡͶݵĵӡ
Ҳֳɵġֻǳһٷ˶ѣǾкɼǳǷʺϵĴеӡ
Щ˰ʦɣʱٴνСħľ
ǰʦʱƽСħʵʦʧܺ󣬱ٴγΪ֮ʿһҲ´С㷢ħԡ
ʦκҲ֣ɽ󣬱С͵󣬱һ˯ƺˡ
ɽϵ˶߹ˣκֲ𴲣Ĳ£Ȼصϡ
ʹСţ֮һһСʯС޵ի
ʯʱСڷҪҰʷҹںڷ͹׵۵˿
ֻƺ̫˳鱾Ūضǡ
ţϺ󣬱ȥʰСص鱾ٽ£һ
С̱ϣһ֮ȣ־Ƕ߸ɾˣ
֪ʵЩҪʦĵӣæ󲿷ֶ߹ˣλɺȴɲ뿪ƺҪɽˡҿʦƺԪδָӣû˵¡λԼȤԼͻ뿪ˡ
СЩëƤ飬ֻӹʢ˴һڡ
죬СüͷһźǿȥСƹӣţô˰
ƵࣿӦòɣ  ںһ룬˵ܺúȰ
Сʢһݸ㳢
ɵؽӹ룬һڣҲüͷһ塪ţζȻһ˵ĿζȻҲѧˣȻ治ɫغһ룬ƭ˵úȡ
ϰԼĳգǸ˵ʦ棬ûãҪҸһɣ
Сɢҡҡͷ룬һֽϻʯ￴ǿűʯϵĻͼʵ㿴ĸҰʷ࣬ͼ
ϸһᣬҡҡͷǰδⲻʯǿŶʧıʯϵͼ𣿡
С˵ͷڵҷֲ˹ʯµĵط־֮Խйʯ£ԭеʵġ˵ɽһŹ֮ʯԶµͨŽйʯ¡˵͵ߵǿ鱦ʯǲǾǴ˵еǿ֮ʯ
˵ʦĲ²Щ˵
СԼһ裬建ĿһȥֽȥǺȲ裬Ǻ
ǲҪˣҪȥٲһЩˮ
СȴһѰס֣һ˫ƺڸл͸ǰƹӿңԶδ֪һˡ
ͻ֪꣬Ȼôʱ䡣ǵһμΣһǼǵ
΢΢һ㶣ʦ³Լ֣΢΢ЦҲǵʦʦΣǣҾҪɥʳʬ֮ˡ
СȻʵսʳʬʱǰѡģһΪʦһǰκΪʦκٵʦʩչҲǲף̬ȸãȴһ˼ҪǸκΪʦ
ƺû뵽ʦȻʱϸˣæǸǿܣȻݣʦ̫ᣬʱֻðŮΪʦ㣬ʦԭͽᵡ
Сǵ˵ͷƺ˻һ·ǰУΪʲôȥͿɽĺţŶҵҪȥƸ⿪ҺκϵļҲ̫ῴͼ·һ·Ϳɽ
صͷֻ޶ۣ㺦ʦ
СԳЦЦôǺأǲͿɽҺκôȪˮأ˵⣬س¡ʱҲԸ£һ뿪سǣȴʦǰ˵©죬˵Ҫǲμ֮£κٱ㱳͵͵ǰȥˣҷ


74 
СĻڵϵ޶ۣʦΣµĴ飬ʦ𷣡
ƹд˴Сæˡ
ǽյ·˻Уɮһֻգ˸ֵ˵ǻ⴦ʯ£ʵҲŶԡձκٱɽںδҲڵͼϺָһȦǡ͹һӾָ˹ʯ¡˵òЦʵҵʱ֪ԭʯ¾Ƿڵɽ
ŲˣҲ˵ƺڵСʦѵ
С΢΢ЦһȻΪԼκٵ찲ţɼˡȴַ֣һƺһ˵Ĳٿ֮УֶʱΪĵȴ֪
ڻ̧ͷдʦ𷣾ǣ˵Щ
ϣС˱ָָۣʯʵ֪յΪʲôô𣿡
һ£˵ҵĳղ
ʵ˵ûţζʵֻǿʱҳ㲻ڣһĿ൨²¿ǿ൨ʲôϵģ
ӵĿ൨Ĵ㵨ຮԸǿ
˵ζԣڲƭҲ
ֻƬ̾ͻᷢĺڽƹӵĶӣȴٳٶûж
㣬㣬Բı䡣
ΨһĲ֮ͬǸǰκʱȣһΣ֪к֮
˵С죬ƺŬѹסڵĽ꣬ƽʵǸħһֱڡϣ
ħһԽ괩ʱȴǿħ顣
ҲڸʱѾħ鸽ˡ
ʱСܵලˣȴ©ֻΪҲ⡣
룬ΪĴףȥ
ҲǹôųԼĻɲŶԡϾӷʱ򣬲ûȥලûĻӡ
һƽؿŴС㣬ͻȻ΢΢Цһ£ͻڵҵһʱ;棬ǸĺӣȻ˷ڣһ·û
˵֮ǰ̸ʱСǿάһ򶨡
˵⻰ʱСһֱֵȻкȻ֮У
ȻŶļ䣡һֱ֪ԼʵµĹŵӣȴܲɫؽԼʦôã
뵽⣬Сǿᣬ޾벻⣬ίŭغһʦ
Ǹǵһ˵ıʱ˵Ҳʹͬˣ
СǸ͵ˣصһĴС㿴ôɲ⡭
ѾȥˣδԽģ
ֹƺ˵ӡ
С㲻ʱ׵ʧޣŬҧԼ⣬ʹҪʣٴʵʦʵ㲢ûȥڶķزϳյħǸغˡҲɣ
ʦ֮󣬰ԣͣգ
СɣԼͬµĹײʬ壬ǲȻΪλڷأħ
Сʣƺر˱۾ʱȴȻȼôߣСڡҪħ飬ħ֮ΪұΪɽһ·ȥأܼʱǸˡȴ룬һǸһˡ
С㳹ȥˣʹʵֻöԲǸˣǸħأѵһʦƽնǵĽ̵ѵαΥĵĻ𣿡
ٴεغ۾ʱǼᶨظһ䣺ȼôߣСڡС㣬֪ǰ»һľ
С㲻ŵҡͷ̮ɵನȵµǽ塣
ʵڲĹû֮ʣԼһصʦ˵
Сã˼飬һ̾Ȼ
뵽ħָ£ҵ񣬿ķӡȴķʱСͻȻãԼͻȻԽضǰƺҲżȻĻԵɺϡ
Լһֱľżһ㣬صĶʦڲ
СʣûзϣֱСһ·ߡ
ʱԸ⿪СڵһʣʵһԪħһ·ԽأԽһ̣ѾϵѾˡ괩ԼǰҲһ
СһУҧʣʦôк⣿
أ񣬳׻ʱĹؼطǰٲ㣬ֻᱻħ鸽ҲǳҵԤϡұħ飬񡭡
СԴ죬һ·ԹĿÿħԷʱ֮ʹǳ
һֱΪⲻԼʮ˵ùһСĽԼ˵Եʣ
֪ԼЩ࣬˿Ϊ֮Ľ
ǻɱˣСһ͸ŭҪֽѵˡ
һ򵱸װ㰮Ķʦ֮ˣСίȴֻأըѣʹ
ʱõĴţͻȻ߿С˯סκ٣Ȼſڡ
ԭýյţĲŸ˷ֳһ£ʡڿƹķ˲óԡ
͵κٵķʱκ˯󱳻մŸֽ˳ֳûȿֽʲôԭ˯вѵκ٣ȴħһڵ۾ҲƵĳ˳ȥ
ʱſ壬ԼֽС˯
˵⣬֪κǲħҲ׷˹ȥû뵽ײ˴Сʦͽ˺Ĺؿڡ
κʱһۿСı顣
ʶСûŮʺЦϾʹı顣
Сһεᣬֱ̹Ǳһκٵĵס
ɽʱֻΪԼȻСԼκٿԼλͽʮֵĲ
ҲÿϮȥ
ٶȺܿ죬һӾͳ·ǰ󣬶ؿںȻƬƬ룬֮Ȼħˡ
Ȼħϣ
ħ鸽ϵ飬κʵȴСһͲµˡ
ǸȻ棬κܸоĲ̬ơ
Ǳ׾۸ͽܣǰǸ쳣ýʵڰϣκٵʱҲûһ
ǵͻȻѸ͵ش͵ϮʱŵһϤĵ㡣
ϳԷʱڴζ
Ͼɽӵô࣬Ҳˣл˹ģԱԼ
ϣ֮ǰһɽʱһء
κٱСˮק֮һʱ뵽Ǹ֪ʱ˶ζˣ᲻
ʱװѪƭСһɽ󣬱㽫ԼĲһ͸¶С㡣
СȻǰ㣬ָһһζܽܣȻΪ˸ԼһܣȦˡ
СҲɵϣκ˵ֵ˿֮󣬲ܲʦɡ
СȻͬҪֱ࣬ĵ뷨
ѾͷȻ˯
κĵһʱ䣬ȻǼȥҴС㣬Ǹαӵİ㡣
ħ鲢£µΪһֱ
ħıѵ˱Ļģ
κٿϵħۺ̻ƳǸĹϮȥ
ûϵǰȻô룬ûϵκپȻ׼ȥһƹӡ
һ̣׵ɴ۾ԭ
ֻǸƽΨΨŵŵȻڿն𣬰۷ɣνýض㿪κټĹơ
κϵϻû뵽ǣ任ȻԼһޡ
Ȼͽܡ
κٸʦСһɽţȻԼԲݡ
֮ǰûн̹ʲôʽСѧڷ䷽ļա
ڶ˽ֵʱãʽ·Լֽ̳һ㣬ⲻܲκﰵ
ԾȴǰΣյʱŵһʱ䱣û뵽ԼһҪˣ־Ȼκٲ£
һʱ䣬ȻȥܣֻܺСһǴ㶵ԭĵ˺𺳡
κһһʱ¡
κٲѱͽ쵰Ȼ͵Ϯңɧĳۣģ
мܵú˵ȴǰһǫֻν͵鲢룬ϵҩҲֻҵƵҩʱס˵ĻѣʶʱĲ֮Ըˡ
ⲻͻãôһ˵Աߺ۵ĴС㶼һ˿˿뱯ߡ
κ֮Ըǻ˺С·ӣ
κüһƤȫȻ±¶µĵУֻӹҩһΣֵ㴦ĻǣýӡС⿪ɽ磬ֵǹ֮ʯΪΣ
ʦһ˵
˵ʱκͻȻȱ任˶ӳ䲻ĽǶϮʺ
ϮƺԤϣκһпǰûеģһ±κס˺Ŷǽϡ
һЦԼʦǼţԼһ޵ʽʦĺʤ֮ġ
⽻Ƭ̵ĹκپȻԼԼѧ֮
κٴʱϸݵĲЦˣؽˡ
ƺǣκȴɵƣһ̱Ҫĺ顣
Сͬʱߺס֡ȫ˹ȥҪκ֡
ýЩɵһ˸䡣
µСȻһά
뵽СɽʱΪϸݻСӶԼֱŤԼȥԼʩ˯κٵһơ
ƫ밮ӵäȫȻİ㲻ã
ôĻϲӣεºܣȻԵŮӣ
ֻȣԭвռС˼
뵽⣬κٵͲ˳ŪС˵
κٿСۣʱ׻ɿֻ֣Ǳ·Ҫ˵Ұޣֱֱһһ˵ÿֶҪڿȻҶȻ֪˾µĴڣ
űѪĲӣЦһ£ȻȳȥɣʦʦЩ˽Ҫ̸
ȫȻֲԵɣȴκٺĿʵģɲԸ뿪
ȴºͶǷû飬Щȥɡ
⣬ֻܲ鲻Ը߳ի
իֻʣʱ֣صسκٹ£ʦϣܵһݣܣʦܿˡ
κ˺ÿĽüڳʲô硣
СȴףǰĶʦϡһ䡰ܿࡱʵ˶
֣شʦ֮󣬱ǴĲɣԹԵ˵ǰ治ĵľ޵ɡǺ࣬־߱¾ɡɺ޵ǣ㿴һĽ֮ˣȴΪȱʧЩձã̽³źܰȻɣְûڣʼͷꡣ룬ղǰ㣬ֽΡ
κȻ֮ԣ̲סšŨü˵˻
Цһ£κ٣ֿ˿ȻС㣬ƺºĳڿڵʦԺ׵ġʵһУĲãҲķԸһֻʹС㡭ʵҵԤ֮⣬Ȿǲ÷ģ
⻰κٵ۾͸ɱˣͽܵǱǸд⣬䣬Ȼʼˣ
ȻܲˣȻѾ˵Ա˺α󣺡С㣬Ȼã㡣ȻܴʦһнٵڣʵǳҵԤϡĽѣѰ˿ԳܣֻδѣЩ׼ֻʦﲻԵӦ֪ԭǺ޽ȥֻ»ɲɹĶ
˵ЩҲֻС
ԭڶʦУţһ㣬ʦĹƷˡ
һԼѰħħ飬ԼѰ׷ʱ֮Ҫȥκȥɱ˰ˣ
һСȻκٵİţ˵׼ȷЩѵԭ켣Ǹħκٵİţ
ѹ˵ǰκһֱѰءʮˡŮӡֻ˶ΪκǾη֮죬֪ħκδѣɫʱĹؼ
ϧδѰ㱻ɱãиĹİͽβ룬˶ѰĴС㣡


75 
ħκٵ֣޷ҪıԼˣħɡ
ڿʦıʦǰȣŮӵССʲô
⣬С㲻ŵؿκ٣ֿĶʦ
һ̣СиӦԹãһħ鰮ʵ̫񻰡
ʱ̣ɽ𻢣ɢһβ÷Ե
κٴʱѾȥˡ滶ñɲ񣬻յ
Ӧñյĵһͽ
Ƶ¹ھȻһ·ʺӿͷϣ
ٴסĲӣ˵ľʲôʲôҰŵģҰʲôСĪҪԣСļ׾ӵûۿ 
һΣϵ治ˣ
ŻģһĲŶԣ
ƺҲоκٵɱͷʱ̣ͻȻһת·һ㣬һɫıʯ
СϵɽﱻǿŹ֮ʯ
ǿŹ֮ʯյʱСκٶ˶ֱ
κ˲˹סС㣬ǹ֮ʯ˺
֮ʯϵĻұ֮⣬һ⡣
һ̣·һ㣬ٿһȻκֱֱȥ
κȻܸ񵲣һȴͽͣǱʯ⾹Ȼ͸ܣֱֱĶͷ
һ̣ʯκԭ౥ĶͷȻֳ˱ʯͬĻͼɽʱС㿴λϹŵĹ׵۾ͷҲͬӡǡ
κٱ֮ʯ֮ӶʱԵС㼰ʱκٷסȷŵص֮ϣź˼ȴʼղۡ
СＱøһ㣬ڳ齣ʦĲϣʦ㡭׶ʲô
űκ۵Ĳӣּ췣֮Ǳؿһ˵ûʲôֻԭ֮ʯ׵۾Ȼֻдһ룬ҲСһԭ㶥ˣڵΪʵԳܽĿ顣˷ģҲϣʦʤЩС㣬ȥɽѨҲ֪˹׵۾Ĵ˵ħκӦתԭѣص㱾ʶ֪మģ
С㲢ûջ췣ֻ֮ǽʵΪԭĹ켣ȴɱδܳλ
£Ҳú޺޵Ϊ˲عλǲ壬λ׸ʦ
СǰǸսթȻܳ޵ӦþǸȡκλ֮ˡ
˾֮٣û˰з֣һ֮θ컻ʲô˰зΪоָ·
ʱ˵׵۾뷲Ҫĥѣɻָػ˾ִ֮Ƕʦ꾭飬ָͷȴ͵ϮҺҲв֪ⱳıԭλҲǸռȵı֮ͽߡһǲʦɣк壿
С㿴۾֪ΪΣѡĻ
˱Ȼָκٵı¡ĺƽȣҼ೤Ϊı־
û˵ѣŹ֮ʯΪĴ档
֪ΪΣһֱؿС㣬Ź֮ʯǹ׵۾ʦڳؽʱѰ˿ɽ֮֮ʯϧֵ̫Ȼʱųڵħԣȴ˿ɳ֮ʦõ֮ʯպҲ޺
Ҳıʼô̹Ȼôĳ֣С㾹ȻٶָҲá
Ȼߵκ٣㽫֮ʯ
ٴЩεŲۣĬһµҪ񣬱ƱҲҪմȾԭԸ񡣹׵۾ִ˾֮Ȼʦ𻹻ļ䣬ֻǿ»󳹴֮ʦû֮ǰûת󣬲Ȼضǣң㿴㡭ҪҪ뿪ɽʱȥ𴦾棿
С㲻ЩʧЦǵңôһһϣ֮飬
СȻЦɫȴһӱò԰ףȻҲĻ
һ˿ۣȴӲĳԭҲݲ룬ǳʹʹǱͲһ·ˣҲһ𣡡
С˫ֲɵ׻̲ĶԼĶʦ
˽ֻǷκ٣Զ
᲻֪Լκ֮ǧɽκٺòãӦԼľŶԡûƹӵʲô飡
ȻµСԼķӦ̾һ
ЩʦκŮ֮ĵνСʦչֳûй飬Ҳľְ֮࣬ϧ
пܣҲԧ֮ˡ
ڶʦ֮Ǳ뾩ۡҲǲҳ֪׵۾ΪɣΪˣûгԵġ
ʦʹС֮һ飬עԵһΣ
ȻˣԵǳʱϵøɾ
ϧСȻ֪ǹ֮ʯִֵҪκ١
ʱϯϵ͵ص۾Լˡ
Сϸκٵ˶ͷһĨ֮⣬ĸı䣬ȴ˾ƺȫˡ
ʱκĿ䣬ϢǸЦħһ㡣
ʱСҲ͸޾ı䣬յİ´档
СҪʱȴĻӿӣһӽС
ǹ֮ʯС֮УߵĲֹһأ
£СЩ⧲һʧȥƽ⣬ԴһԵǣ۵һᡣ
Ȼ󣬿ǰȫ£ɶС㵱۰ġ
СһСˤôأҲ΢΢ݣȥԼİͽ
ոѵκٵӸ˷ӦҲ֣ҪȥסǸŮ޳ֱ۸ոȥͷĻƱ⡣
鶯ԣĴɣοִ˾ѹһڹoѹһ˿
κй׵۾Ĺ֮ʯʱͨϬ·ɮһ㣬֮ͨ
᱾ܺȻȻǰЩ˼ϵķӦͺ˱Ѩٲϲ󱯡
ԣκٵСļڣȴһصɴȻܿüȴʵ´ܣͺ·ڿһα˵¡
պ޲óϦദŨ⣬һ˲ͱ΢ˡ
ʱټСᣬκеһĪķꡣ۾붨ɮһ㣬ٿС㡣
Сƿͷʶκû˱ӡ
תͷһһôϵˣϴ˼䣿
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ʱǸһֱ俪ˣС㣬ȳȥл
һ֣粻УΪʶκٺյؽС㡣
˵ʱ򣬻ǵؽС㣬ֱŤˣʱ򣬿ܻһ䲻ġʦ
ȫƣƺǴһγ
С㻳ٿأ̽κ٣֪˭ڷʲô
κ㲻ߣθҽԭί㲻Ҳ𣿸ȣѵı»׾ӣܹܿģֳĲŮƭǿˣ
κٵһֻܶСǰû̹ˡ
ѹܽޣɺ֮Ů߷ѡ
һ۸ССκٵǸѲգ۵ĽͷƭӰˡ
Ǿǰʦƺˣħκ٣ӣ
ǿС԰ӣȴ˿⣬ĬĬ̾һ
ҲǼ֤ιѵһ·ģ֪ʦСʦǶôİ衣
ƻǰ㣬ʦ壬Ҳֲɢһԧ졣
ףǶСЩⲻȥ
Сκٶ£˲÷۵ĺףߵκٵߣҪ˵
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Ҳ㹻ٴСһ۵ˣɴ۾ŵʵκ٣㵱ϵң
κ̧㲻ϵʦȴʦͷҷֺģǵˣ
ǻʱ䣬˴ļСܻظͽĹơ
ڣСȴ㱾ԼĶκٵĻԭѨ֮ԼоȻһǮֵ
ǲŮȻĽģκٴһ֣ȻСһƳի⣬ͬʱպ˷š
ֻʣκٺʱȴͻȻ˺ݺݵһͣǶѳѪĭ
κҲ֮ƺԼΪߣ޶⣬΢Щ棬ͽһƺƺѹס˷ſСķ⾿ô£˵ȻݹҲ㣡
׵۾ɷ֮ԸƧĮԴɱ¾֮ħ֮
κԭؽ֮ԭҲǱɷǲŶԡ
ϧһһֱС˻죬ճԺ֣࣬ԸҲվԽԽԶ
ԣȻʦݺݵĶ⣬ȴǸжӯһ̣ػʱ⣬ֻصʦϥѧգÿձʦʵܡ
һҪӺ˵𣬿ɾЩ̫ˡ
뵽⣬ӻͳһ¾ɵ鼮ݸκ١
κۿϤķ棬ⲻǴС㾭һ
ÿοʱ⣬ñ
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Ȿؼԭκ٣ܿ衣û뵽С㵹õó֣κٵߡ
Ȿ¼κԭһؼǿԴ˵ԼСǴӶԽʵˡ
Ҳֻи֪ʦԭſӦԽδ֪Ľѣսʤڰĵ
ǰ˵Ϊκ˿ǣóȻ˵˴¡
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찡С㾿˶ίһ̲ſ޵ôɽѣ
ԭǸС߷£Ҳ̲סŴֻ۵رסС㣬һʺһͷԣ޳ͺˡ˭۸㣬ҶĲƹӡƹҲ׼۸㣡
޵󣬵С̧ͷСðűݣ޵ñڿҵʱ򣬾Ȼ̲סЦȻþӸա
⧲Լ޵ǱǼϽС·Ӳ飬СϽҪԼ·ӣƫƫС겻á
ŮӴ֮ǿʰЩ
Сһǡʮˡ񲻼٣Ȼԭ͸ǵԡ
κ٣Щ鲻˵ʼܿʼһӵģ
˶ӣԼǾˮһҲøǶƭʦͽҪ˵Ŷԣ
κٺի̸áСƽ飬իſʱǡøκٺ߳
СҲܵˣߴڵʳ׷˸ı䡣
κɢĵЦʧˣȡ֮Ǳѩı顣
С㿴ﵹЩпѹֶ˵ǸɵĵУȫЧʦκ١
ҪɣԭҪͷ
С㲻֪ԼﻹڴʲôκĿбӵ׼ǰʱһסĴƣֽһ
ƻůģĸоÿʮָʱļ¶һģһġ


76 
ȵĸо޾롣
СڴκһʮָۣȻζǣ֣¶ѩ׵Ļ˵˵ңŹװĮϷŪģôûбŵ
һΣûüս֣ͱֱһӻˡ
κתĿѾ֪ˡһ·нٵڣҲ࣬ͣԺʦᰲһʵĹ鴦
Сס˿յģԳһЦ鴦ʦͽǾң֮ģҪ˦һߣ
κһͣһУҲ֪һԭԼǰʱԺĵһͷȻǣôƭС㣿
ȻĻĵ̵ͷҲһκǾǰǸΪССŮӱǣĳԼá
д߱ӦòСڣһζŮ˽飬ȻĿǳִֻЩëƤ
ѹȥ뷽跨ն˿
κԼվǿǷŮ࣬Сƺ˵ʪ˫ۣĬ˺һᣬŵӦʦŶԣҪδ㣿ѵҪ庢Ƶı𣿼Ȼ֮·͸ԼյĿʲô̸˵ǿԷֳȥϻϷˣĪҪڹʯԵľ㣬װ˷ʱ⣡־޵ǾͺúҵޣʦԻշõ
ЩǰСʱѵκٵĻǺʲôѵǶĶͣ
룬κǰǺƢЩ˵ĻȻһ㣬
Сֻ֪أȴû뵽һӦϾȻ֮졣
κٲʧ䣬Ĺȫǵá
·ֻʣСĲȫȻûһ˿һŮꡣ
ҲһԵȰοС㣬ֺαִšʦﱾûŮ֮Ե㻹ĻŬԼԵɡ
СԳЦˣһûŮ֮Ե
ˣͳΪκǰôڵˣ
ϧҪƭʦͽĸ߿ˣ
СΪһ飬ֻΪ˲ʦ࣬ܲŬˡ
ıԣͬع棬˼ңɡ
κٺʦͽѾԼõóףκٸԼ۲档
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ֻ֮ǰҪһλŲµĹ˵ϼ仰
뵽⣬СκٵգκۣҪӿ
Сȴñ㵲Ľ٣㹻ֻˡɹҫǰҾĸĸ㵫һ˿ģҲţֻҪȥκٸħү޹أҸұ죬ĪҪ飡
ȹȻǿ§ӣȴȻŮƣȻħ
κһʱƵ÷ӦֻصۣǰСŮḧա
СؽԼ῿ĻС
⻳ȻϤϢɸ·ܵĳȴ衭
֪⻳ҲΪݳޣСǰӦþͲһһƿǸ¶ˬʴЦˡ
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뻳Уٽ۶ϣСٶҪˡȻֿ֪һգȴû뵽һ졭ҲǸʦ㣬δ̹ʲô£ϣԺżʱҵĺãܹʦͽһԲԣԺָƢӦûǰƨࡣΪΪɣҪѵġ嶼Ͼˣʲô˼Ժ¸ԼҲ·ĪҪ·խˡǰͽ࣬õģҲơˡЩĪҪֽѵˣٺõͽܣˣҲҪķͽˣҲ˵ˣԴ˱Ը˺꣡
˵λʱСȻϴЦ΢΢ʣһ㣬˳չ䣬ʪκؿڵ½
ʪ֮ͺ˵ĿˮһƵκؿͻȻʹ̣
κ޿̣ҪƿﹷƤҩŮʱСȴͻȻȷſ֣˦ųβ߾ֱۣһӣͷҲصسɽ´Ƕȥ
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СĻǶκٲҪ˳ͽһΣҲһ󲻺ܡ
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ȻӵµǣֲƣСŮҲҪԿۡ
鼱֮£æ嶼ˣͷѨٸнؿ޵Ҳֻǵ̾һ˵۹ⲻУԺѡʵ۵İɡ
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Լʦδδڹʯ£ҪصǰޡҪߣʵҲ
ںԼ
ıӲͬȴԭҲǸΪ۸Ů˵Ļ쵰
ӣСˣԼޣζάֲס˦ѩ׵ĳβҲɽȥˡ
˵С㣬ɽãͿȺӵĺԼ
Ϊ׵ģ
СϴοôǰʱϺ޵ʱ򡣲ʱοûոԼͷʹޡ
ΪΣ˵ߵľʱС㳤̾һ
ʵҲкý
˵˺֮ɽôɺ֮Ǹǵ蹵ˡ
жΪӣټħһδضǰʦعλԼԼҲ޳
ʦͽһɣôὫŮ˽ͷĶˣ
ȻΪˣС㻹Ǻܸжðͷĺ䡣
Ϊһֱϣû뵽ؼʱ̣СȻ˵һλ
ȽôܽС㲻ж
СĿޣȴŶ䣬ƵرʾʵԼˡ
ںûٻɽͺá
СҪҪһûȥ
Сεط˸ۣĵϵĻҳͷҲصسǰߡ
Ͻ׷ʣС㣬Ҫȥɽţѵôκ٣
Сνػ˻ԼСҲˣԭҲûʲôҪȥĵطȻسǳЩóԵġϴߵ̫Ҵңʵ̫źôҪҪͣȰӻˣҲнڻȥٹƹҪ
⻰ʵǵ٩˭֪۾һ⻰еǱȲСسǵķȥ
СԴԽǰΣжȹʱ·Ҳҹ̡
˦ŵͽͽһᣬһ·棬Ȼָѵð֮С
ĺˣΪԭΣְŮ
Ȼ뿪ɽƺҲ
ֻǸ·ʱãҪЩ߰ġ
СҪϴһ·Լʱȴ·ŵǸκΪķ
СǷƽʱ᲻ô˰·š
ڿСĶڲݵϣһʱ㱣˷֮С
ӣ·дҲκٵԼġ
ʱЦӯӯؿС㴩ƯȹתȦȦ˵ԺҪƯѣϾϻڵδô˲С
ЩǵĻ䣬С̲סЦ
Ц֦㣬ûüţ㱻ձµʪˡ
˺öɽӱıػһСȻ͵͵ޣطŻ˽ŲСߡ
СŵķʱЩȻС㣬κ˰ɣҪǾͱˣǻȥɣ
СҡҡͷǷٴηŻصһ
θͣ˼ǸκѾڹ֮ʯһ̱ʧˡ
ȥһɶ񣬶谭˵ˡ
ãûʲôƼβõĿ顣
̰Ůλصسʱֵʳʱ
ӣŮһ߳һߴһ˺üֽ
ʱѾҹסڻĽҰ⣬˸ɴ໹ϴξסĿջ˷
Сͬһģ˯ôųһžͺá
Сɣֻܿ䷿СסǼ䣬ǡԼϴסġ
»ʱСĴȻ˯šɴһС̳ӣСѣż±ζܡ
ʱɫŨ֮ʱ
Сڣ㱶ƺ˴Ц⣬ͳ˵ɫʺˣҲ㲻
ɫζúã޿֮ˡֻһ˶Ӱˣһڿǳõ͸ſɬļ䡭
Ҫһ±оʱһֻס
СһȻ̧ͷȴһ¸ߴվ󡣰С㣬̲סڱԹôҵˣ
˱С㽿ʮЦԻһʱͳ㡭һֱڵң
С㱾˵ǰɫˡ
˵ɤͬ
ƿоƣ۶һŷǰġԭ
ٿ˵ĵУ㱼͸ٸǸͬƨʦ
С̳ŵ֣ҡվһôҲ⣿
ԭСЦŵһΣɴС˾ıͺһĶʱȻأΪ˭
С㱻ôһʣԼҲԳһЦ
ǰѵΪ˻ɫʱԼͬ
뵽⣬ƺݸˣһɣ
СȺĽŮɣŮϴδġ
ƺὫ˿صĶԹĪѵʻ᲻Ծˡ
ţһƵıӰﲻܡڵСԼȻһ˿֮ܳУӹƺСߡ
Ҫ˵ȴС죬ʲôҲ˵ʲôҲʡھźȾƶѣ
⻰ɫһ࣬µһڵĽһССŮƵľŮ
С۽δɵۣȴ׻סˣֻһĬĬơ
ʵСɽ󣬲ûԶߡСɽʱҲǸǵ
ЩиΪ
κٺʹСģٸΣһֱʮǿң˿֮£չҲǷǷ
ϾҲʦκ٣԰СǽЩʱϢȻûбǾ졣
ҲСĿߡ
ȻκͻȻԵɣСκˣκٸɽʵ
ЩʱһϲСκٴı࣬ΪԻȻõˣ
ԿС㵽أһ·Сһơ
Сκȵؼ𣬾ζʴʮ㡣
δǰѾС̳ˡһ̳󣬴ʱƾӿС۾ˡ
ԴԼϥͷһʱŴŴι߲ˣһطɣ


77 
СĻ̲סͷ
ʱС㱧Լϥǣ΢΢ԿձȾ糺졣
΢ͷҪǵȥʱøС㽿۵գ˿ĸо˲Ų֡
ȥĳָɼ𣬱˱ŮպͲ䡣
ģСԼļϣͷҲ£Ůžķӯ촽ȥ
ڴʱſջݶԶĸ߸֮ϣһڻ谵¥ӰðԶݶһԾŮһΡ
Ŷʦڴ˴ҹˡ
ȻѾҹǶ˵ĿѣҲܽݶοһ
ǶΪ׷سǵġ
֮ǰκ٣ȻСʦԺҪһֻҪ¶ͷʹŵԼСʦǾ޹Ҫ
κٵλҲûʲôǱɸҪġǱؼԼԭ켣˺жλǾģ
թ˭ݣδö֪
ڹʯͣպκٱٴسǣʮĵط᲻ҵʲô
ֻû뵽һǣͿ˴Сǡ
ԺֵĳԳԺȺȡκٺ벻עǶɡ
һֱС㲻ǵ˺ܺõնκٴһֱй۲죬ûͼӽСǡ
һĽǹسǵĸʳ̯ӡ
κĮؿµŮ㲻ԼǰΪʲôҪԱ˳ŵģݴСɢΪʦ
㵱Ϊ˴ʱһݣҲõѡ
СؿʦĮı飬ûо鸴ȼӣﵹ΢΢һ
ԴӴСɽԺκټÿն鲻ѡǸͽܷƢĬĬɽͷãգһһжʹӡ
Ҳʹκ٣ǲʲôŲµġ
κȴÿɵӵʣʲôҷŲµģ
Ϣ֪νȥĶԻ֮ʦͽ˾ʣ¸ɰͰ͵ĳĬˡ
ӣʼǰдСڵˡ
ʦҪܵĽѣʼվԼɢԧûд
ԭĹ켣ڷȷĽ֮κٴӷܹȹȴ˻һպĺۣǹ롣
ʱһֻСѻһʦԴСѻǶӵƢúЩżЩӺιѻ
ʱΪ̫Ը䣬ұֵ
ĸƺԸ˶ȥκ͵͵һ档˭֪μʱκȴ˵Ȧף߷ħԣȻĸ֡
κħԷҲҽκҪ߱ɱĸױħƿ֮ʣֻССѻȻԳ˱ΣΪһֻڷˣ赲κҪһκٻѡ
Ҳʱ֪ʦֻѻȻ˴ͷ
ϧȴ˽˵ֻС˻ԡκǴĺڷ֮ף޷
ڶǵãʦֻССķˣޱӡ
ʦֻС˺δҲ֪
ֻʦһʧ˺ܾãٻʱ򣬱㿪ʼְԼħԣƺҪǸڰԼ׵ĸѣҲ˱͵Ϯ
Ȼһж˸ı䣬󵨲²⣬ܵĽӦûħһйء
ֻֻڷǴʱķؾģȥֻ֮أҲ޷ʦ֡
СȫκٵڰĵˣҪ߷СħԣƱҪɱԼ׽ˡ
κٻСһǲСħ󷢣ɱκٵΡ
ֻܸ֮ǰԧ죬˶ɢˣҲñ˴˶Щ̰㡭
ֻû뵽˶תתˣȻسˣ
˵κ٣ŴС˲ϽԽԽ˳ۡ
㿴ϣɫŨȡʱޣ϶°빦
ɿʲôȻһܵӭ
κԭǲ뿴ģ֪Ϊʲôһϣپµ䣬Էꡣ
һʱŲֻؿӰĲɵţǰԼġ˵ǣʵԼͽŶԡ
ȻԼͽôܿԸʶ䣿˽飬ҪФͽһúŶԡ
ţ׼뿪ʱȴ֣С޽ٵǸͽһͬƵĹؽڡ
ħѾתӣֳת˻
˽ԼĶʦһκӣæȰοʦڰ׷ʦ棬Ҫϳ͡ڣ԰꣬Ծƶ
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˭Сƽ龫ֵŮӣȻ˱Ʒߺˣ
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ѾŵŮӣϵıƸˣɾҪС촽һ̣ȴһϮ
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ĵɢȥٶһԡ
һ߹Ȼκ٣
֪Сκ˵ģκֳ˺ҩ۰Ͱ͵ѰҴСˡ
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κٻëͷСһ㣬Ｄŭִһ
ǽղ֪ΪΣܾǰƺ˶˵ı仯еƺ˾ˮݹһ㣬̹ǵúܡ
ÿ񶢿Լȴһϻ˵ӣֻƵһ̣κٵĺɫһӣһҲǰļģͻһ㣬ХϮȥ
꣬Ҳֻһ˵ϼ
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С㱻ˤ˸ƨն۵ðϽһƵ˴롣
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ȴһϲ
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κ٣ˣҲҹȻףκپ֣̲סŭȡ
κбƳ·ڿһֻĳ棺߱ɱʦĶҲؼ䣿
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⻰ʲô˼ѵҲָǰļ䣿
Ȼϳϣ̫֪ԼԭĹ켣νɱκٵġ
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ɵۡϰκټǰϾİС
ɽ˾èӵò˦Ьĳǽ˲֪˵ʲôźá
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СӦհͽɣ춾ĵС
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κپ󿪣鰮ҲȫûпƴС㾹ȻôƤ
㱻ᱡȴλڸ֮ģܺ޳ܵ˵Ū˵Ļ
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ҪŻȻŮӵƤ
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ʱ򣬿ջΧľҲʯǽٵĺ쳳ѣ׷·
ǽʱСˡ
һǸظջϰͳŵ⸶ӺһתͷĹ򣬷ԼʦκҲ֪Ӱˡ


78 
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ϾԴӴԽǰκٴֿ֮䣬һֱĪǣ
ǽҹʱСȴʧˡԭģˡ
иֺ󣬶˾ƺһʱСԼоƺڰпӡ
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󲿷ʱǲģǳ䲻ƿСĴ̽ͷЦźʦ
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ڶ죬Ѿ𴲺һߴŹǷһƿţȴԼǰһŵӡ
һ¶ɬݺϻڴұʾԼĽϻڵŮ֮ãлѧϰôϵ壬ǽҹԼգ޲ͣ
СޱǺ˵˵һԼſŵķʽԣ±˷ţȻ󡭡˴
һºڣҲӶ¥ԾһС㣬ǳɴµˡ˵ɽͷ̾üĿˣµӿɲܹģҲҪǵļҵ׷᲻öЩκĸӣʦĲŲԺȣ
ʱ͵͵ҵķôˡϧȻҲûǮˣֻǽһȥ̵䵱˶Щҩһٰ࣬
ѹСعʯµ飬ƹӷϻ͵ع˴
ƹӱ֣⵱һȥѿջӶҸ¥µŽǮ
ӣƹӵϼʴа
С㿪ɽڣЩƹҲͲôˡ
С㿴˷ܵӣ̲סʣô㲻طˣҲҪҵĺϻڣ
룺ǺٵĶˣҪȻҲø㰡κһײϵĵУƹӶѧˣȥָκҪô۸أҾ͸㣬ңϻڣңʺǺ壡ҪҲͶµˣ
뵽⣬ʱ۶ˣ޲СЩͲŵӣƹӸͶʦ
СԼѾѾƣͲٸûʲôˮӪĶԻˡ
ֻηŰۣתŽȥ
СԭѰطһ͵ġߵʱȴ·⣬ǿֵȺ
һ֪ǳɽҪŮˣǳǰϦзƸӡ
ΪγɽŮسǾУΪɽķԶҪ޵żҾزԶĲǡ
ɽΪ˼Ů㣬ȵִسסڴ˴Ƹ˳һ߻Ρ
ԶŮ˼ҲǳõķӡмңڻǰŮҲࡣ
С㿴ŽϳƸ񳵶ӣ֪е÷һᡣ
ЩҪϻڵĵָҲûж࿴֣ĶñȥһԵĸӡ
ʱǶڽϿ֣ӵĲȫ
С˶¥Ҫģһһԡ
¥ֻһˡżҲŮͣСŮҲɴ
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˵ɽ壬ϴ߻𣬱˵λºĶӾ˳ɽŵ޽˻ԼλӿɶɫͿӣȻ¾ˣĪ֪λСò绨ֺδ
˰Ҳ糤฾˵ûꡣ
С⣬ȴסĶɵϸȥڵ˶Ի
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λСΪ˺ˬҲƯ˿˵ĹȴҪһ˲ʯͷӵα˼ң
С˶λСֵ
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ĵѹû뵽һԾȻ͵ġ
Ƿ鸻˼ңϾҲԣֻܵ۵Լ飬θɣ
Сߺߵ˵ºԴγãŪƸ񣬵кƾ֤
˵۵ǿû˵⻰Ҫô棬ɴҲȥһƸ񲻾֪ˣ
ʱмѾĹȰһСαЩо֮ͽлʱˣȻȥɣ
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ʱϵ̵ͻȻҡڶ𣬾Ŀ紵ۡ
ͻȻĿԽԽ̧ӵ˶վˣֻļǼӵӾȻ㸲ڵأõǡ
Сڶ¥Ĵߣ÷ǼӹȻֻǳǳļ㣬涼שͷҲ˳
˵ı˵ò٣ºڴӣ
ʱС㿴ǹﱻɴҲϳǸԼ֮Ե
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ҲǹµģȻôֳδҵ߲
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֮󣬸ϽȥˡסƸĳӺչʾ˳ɽƣ˵ԸĻ
⻰һֵǻȻµʲôģԭºԴγãƸעˮ칫һ©ڣ˼ҳɽ˿ˣҪƸ˻غһ鰡
ӣºҲףһԭأ֪Ǻãȶؼשͷٵȱµķ
ºµҲǼһţɴƲƸ飬ȥɽʱլۡȥɽˡ
С㿴Ҳ¥ƺҪظˣǶߣҲȥ
İ֮ģ嶼ܲСŶñҲһ·¥˹ȥ
ԽԽ֣̲סСⲻǰ𣿡


79 
Сע⵽ˣҲһء
ôһ·ɲǰԺ˲¥˵Ǹɽ˻ֻݵ顣
ôɵ飬ǰʯôҪй͸λĿĸ֡ǡáݣĿʾˡ
С̲ס̫˵ĻҲѾ֪ռȵռһλʼӵܵˣλɽݣúõ
ڣڿɽسǵʱȻʾʱСеĻҲԽԽʢ
һȺǰǰĴʱҧĸһʣôҲҪȥ𣿡
СҡҡͷʱڰթóȻȥҲֻȦס
λ֪λɽʲôΣǻȿźá
Ҫǰ߳۲ĸʱȴѾˡ
ԭһɫװ¨վϡ
СǣԾ΢΢üôˣ
С㿴˶ʦֻ΢΢Ťͷ˵ȴôҲ⣿
ǲ棬£ǳ뿪سǰɡ
˵⣬ֶ˶٣ԴСʦȥ󡭡һֱ޷붨㵽׸˵ʲô
СЩʧЦôκ޷ĴҪ㵽ͷˣ
˵ҲûʲôǸŮҵķţҪڻһġ
ǰκ٣ɲὫЩϵġ
Ҫ֪ǰ˵ĻǱڸҪأɢмбת۵Ĺ¶Żµزˡ
С㲻ȥˡΪֻҪ΢ǰκٵӣһ˵˼㱼Ϯ
ô죿ֿʼٶˡ
С㲻ش𣬴ԼҲ³ҹ˽¼棬С˵ʲô̼ʦĻ
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СתͷĿģǲʦɵġֻұ޹קٶǰɵһ˰ڲҲҪ취ȥҾˮˮžˣ
ʵ˵ʲôֻСС㻹ûأͱʦˡˣǵӿûˣɲԡ
û˵꣬СѾһٳһߵĽȥˡ
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׵ģûŮôޣ˺Ū˵׼ңȻȫںӡ
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κҲ̽˳ɽڻбݵ飬ȻҲɽɡɽ¶ͷΨһһλźصĶζ
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һԭûԵˣȴͻȻƴôԵ⵽׻ʲôನҲ˵á
Ҳֻһһȳɨʦϰ˵
˵С٣㲻æҲɽС
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޵̫ģһһ
СǱһ͵ԭҲûʲôϧСԼһֻСߡ
ޱĻáһףҲ̲סȥϺ
ǰĸʱ²ģǵĺС
ĸԺ󣬺һжϣڶûаٺˣĴˡУҲ̫ûˣȻܱôˡ
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ĸףʲôǣ̫ˣ
뵽⣬̲ס쳤Ӷ
һУױ¶ʹСλãҲʣµȫɤ
ʲôǣһŭȣĳҲˣžһ³鶯ڴСϡ
һ㿪СҲ̾Цһˡ
ǣһӾϳ˷ڵĴǸСࡣ
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û뵽ƺһҲ¼ҳֻŶЩ·֮ڳĲ裬ְɣǲǶˣαΪڴˣ
Сû뵽СǴֻڲҴһƳͨ·һϳǡ
Ҳɴ಻СĿ˿ڳ񱼣ҲǵĿ£һ·ð֮뿤¡
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ȴʲô⣬ǴӾ㸸Ȣǻ˶飬Т𣿡
ˣ̲סЦһķʽ࣬޸ӵıֲѵĿԣǱǶǼ޲ȥĴҵĽڰˣ
ԼƺðˣΪǰǼᶨƵߡ
Լ뷨ҲֺǧĴͳҲץԩͷĸо
ҺʱС˻⣬Կʵڲʱֲֿݷ磬Ůкܣ
⻰ãԼԼңֻǵſ޺۾һεʣ治Ҳֲ
ǰһλʿѧЩƤëȻЩЩ࣬ʿʦ˵ѧЩؼʱܹ
û뵽ΪҪºĶ̴¶һ֣ȻܵõĲ߱Ϊ˷ܡ
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־ԸֱֱȥĺˬŮӣƺЩ֣С㲻˼ֺøС
ݺøиո֣㱻СӲɲסˡ
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С뵽ԼĿģ̽Ȼ£үϸϸ׵ģвŮģ
⻰ոճֵһ˿˷ܳɢֻʧתͷ̶棬ĵǸ֮ǰƶָġһ۰ңԲųٳûҶסǡԴԺ˶ˣò˵ˣͺ񡭡ͺ񡭡
ƺʲô֮һʱ˵ȥСȴӵͺ˸ˣ
⻰һ۾ٴ󣬽⻰Ǻ˼
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СȻ˲ǣıȴɣֱ㶵ؿС㣬ţ޻̸֮ǵҰ֮£ôܻ֮ᷢڡ
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ۿС㣬ޱƶС㻰лġ
СҲЩͬ鿤ŶЩǿſ۾Լǲˡ
С㵹νŵĻ̽Ҳλôһλδıĳɽ
λݵĳɽʵ̫ˣҪ֪óʯµйݸڣҲǳɽŮġ
ɽķǸƽֻ֪Ժֵɢү¶ߡ
ΪҪڱ´磬ѹĴɵʱȴŮͳйݣϣɣ
ǳɽ֪ʯµĺɽκٽҪĽѣóйݣκ١
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κ٣ֻҪһܹɽٷڰļзö֮ռȵ
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Сſɽ𻢣ҲϣԺٽŹʲô˿
ǿСĻһֱĬţһȴǳСչһЦ
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ʹ˿ҲҪ۷سˣڷֱ֮ʣȴʣʴ㣬ܾѰ㣿
С룬ͳһŻֽڻֽ˺˸ŤŤСˣд˼ģݸ˿м£Խֽ˷ˮУԻ֪
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ؽӹֽˣһ̾дµġϧ²лᣬһݴΪʦڷѧЩ¡
ҲӦСǱ׷ʦȳǺѣС㱻ͽϳˡҪ⿪ɽڣǸʲôңϻڣ¿㲻ŵġ
ԭΪȴҹˡϻڡҪŵûʧɫ
û뵽۾ʱһǽŮѣԼӡҿǸĸģͽͽЩ⡮ңǺϻףǷǵҵͬѲɷǵø˲ͲܶԻϲ硭ͽСңϲڡ
λֵĺܴ󣬲⽫ʯ¸ĳˡɽڻҪ״ָСɡ
Сÿ˵úеסͷǿöֻ֣࣬ȴһԡأҸ÷˺лͷӲ࣬ա
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Сĺˬʼһݷ˵СƱ֮󣬱ֵƼˮ꣬Ǻڣ
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ĿԶȥ̶ֻʣңϲڵСʱʣС㣬ǽȥ
СҲ֪⼸ķΪ͵Ҹطһ¡
سǸɽ֪ǸʲôɫС㲻óȻա
ΣɴûǣѡƬɫɽ֣ѡʯͷĵϢһ¡
һջķ̨Ϊı׶˾˳
С㷢һʼտȪѨѨ֮䣬ϲ¡
ҵӿʱ򣬸첲ƬĵطҲʹ֮СС۾ͷʱƬƺӵơ
µǣƬʱȻȸС
Сʵܲס˿һԴʯϺ˯СɴҲֻԼһѰ˴Ϫ̶֮ȹ˽ȥ
̶ˮ͸ȵ壬СɴεϪ֮£ϪˮĴ塣
ǸһĹ򣬼ӱϮУǷؾһһ㡣
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ʹˮзӿʱͻȻиֱһѽ˻С
Сۿʱȴ˪κٲ֪ʱҲ̶ˮ֮С


80 
κƺ֪СʲôʶûʣֻתӣȻôưĺ󱳴ԴԴϵӴƴ˹
κٴݵѩˮڰ㣬һӾСưȸ˴롣
ǵȸУСϰκԶһЩϧκٵĴƽĺϣһֻǯĸ첲ĶԵֵù˰ɣ𶯣ӣҪɽ۱ڻˣ
κ춾Ĺ˵ԼҪɱڻ˵ҲС
˶ƣͿɲܣ
С򶨵ֻһʱУҿɽ֮ȻͽТҲдʱУͲͷˣ
κ۵ʲôɽʲôڣңϲڣ
С㵹һû뵽˾ȻŴ鶼֪ǸԼã
СҪˣκٴǳ⣺ٶҲ˵Ȼöȸǿ
ֶˣС΢΢ŤͷֻҲκԼӵϣѹס궯ħԡ
ΪԵʣκڵΪһǧݣСʱСܸоӿϵ°ӿ
Ҳѹʱܾŵתͷܡκɲ
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κҲСԭԼѹȵʴӣЩϽࡣ
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Сֻ̨ӵ·ůȪˮУصĸ׸еӤ㣬˵Ҳۡ
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һ㶼ٿС㣬ǸŮĪǣҲŲ¡
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ʱʪ͸ˮ˳Ž׵˫Сɵ°һ·ʡ
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Ҳ˼ҲӰݣСҲоˡ
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СԴŵ΢΢̧ͷű΢ϣκ٣ǸĽٶͻȻ
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ͻϢжںСץ֣ŭ㡭ڳʲô磡֣
ٲ֣ͱˡ
ɻûػκͻȻְɿС˻Ƶͺȣ㣬Ҫǰߣߣ
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СʱȴǽöûκýָԼһ졣
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κȻϺߣ濴Ы㣬ͷҲص뿪ʱһ˲ͷǣýָŮһǣ
뵽κټֱͷʹѣͷɫ㣬СһһЦԺκʹشһٴγ췣֮ܵĲľɽʯȥһ··Щ谭˼
ҴҸϵʱǷһʦȻѾƬɽһƬǽ塣
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С̷ϣǣôϣ
ϧ񶨵ԼЩƶĲ²⣡
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ȻµˣҲãֻܾҲ֪κƹӵ£ǣ֪ɱ飬ټ㣬Ĳ㣬㣬ͶԶԶģٳǰ
κɱڿ񣬻㱼ֻصħκ֧ӣЩʡ
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⣬ͻȻһˬ
벢ֻһʧȥУǸκһԼŪС㣬᲻޲ʱٴת
뵽⣬Цһ̲סټһн񣺡Ӧû֪ɣκسĵعͽɺҲУڵκ٣Խħļˡ
Сһ·Ҵ뿪سǣ治֪κ绢ͽ顣
ЩǸӰεİʦǣǴ뿪س𣬱ʧˡ
ѵЩĵҪңϲڵĵҡڲκЩ棬ǾȲͶ뵽κٵ£
СҲ˽ЩĴɵǽͷĽǿ˼ҡڲǿκٹĹ⾰ʱͶκٵҲ֡
뵽κҲɺɺκֵģСɺĬĬ̾˿
ȻκЩ˵ĿģҪܿˡ
ǰκٲͶһЩѣڵκ٣ȴֶûζ
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Сʣκ֮󣬾ȻоͽӦûʲôˡ
һС㷴ܷκٸŵˡ


81 
żʳӹһС˵ƻһ߳Ŷ
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ϾڵκٱǰħҪ࣬Ϊܣָֻ񣬸иǰͽܡ
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СȻ壬Ҳۿ⼸յ˸ѾԽԽ¶ˡ
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ֿʱ䳤ˣСӦþͻὫκԺˡ
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ͲţԺôС꣡Ȼȥ
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С㣬ϲζˣԭɺκپȻƹӣ꣬˵ʲôζ
˵ģǰڹʯϵ飬ȱǵһ󲻿أ
СûнӲ磬ھԼκ٣ֻǿƵģ»ЦŴתת
Ż㣬ƺѾ㲻ˣС̲ס׼ժһ䱥Ļޱߡ
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һΣͻȻָָǰС㣬㿴ǺӶ԰ȫʢѵǷߴ·ˣǰǰ쿴Ǹȣ
СŻζȷǰ㣬ңңȥЩڲԵĺӰ棬ƺɢŵĹ⣬ֻѩ׵Ļ꽥仯ͰտƺЩһЩţȴЩ졭
˻̲סҪǰߣСҲǸߵ˺Ӱߡ
ʱɫǺӰϵİڶ˻ûȥһҶͣڰߡ
ָָǶ԰ĻԵңȥǱߡ
ǴĬĬ˴֣Ůϴ
ڶҪǴһ̣СĵٴըħĺѾͷĴˣпǴ򣬾Ҫϴ
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С㿴Ŷ԰Ļԣħңҿ˾صأȻҲȥ˾ڡ˵ζԼӱ߱˰ζɣ


82 
˰ǲǿӱߣ֮ħ𣿡
Ǳ˰˾˽磬Ľʢħ˵ζ룬еʹ࣬ǰ֮
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һڣС磬ҪŻЦС㣬Żң԰Ǳ˰ǵӰˡ
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κĸͷرϺֻ˽罻紦ŻϺ
뵽ԼŲһǴŵûҪˡ
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룬ҪҪ취ʱ⵹һΡЩ̫Լʦָ񣬱粻ħҪСڡʦƢ᲻һЩء
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ֻҪһĵطúõУţǲΪ״̬
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ҪʲôʲӵĻϲڣǸĸҲڸǲŵĲ
ȻЩĴɵͽΪɫһ㣬ֱˮ
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С߽ʱŷˮ羵ȻӳճӰ
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ߵĸߴˣһ˪κ١
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Ķ棬һϹɴĻˣֻɤЦţСҲǺƭŻһ·ȥ֮·ӦѾ˶ۣιϺɣô죬зٻǵ꣬Ҳٲǵˡڰ̫ˡ
ʦͽҲǳɽŶȥˡ
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83 
Сܳһס
ʹصС㣬СҲʵƹӣڣһŰĪҪԣ
СĬĬˮǸߴʼ϶ޱ飬ͺȥŮӸ޸ϵ
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ķȷϣܸ֪Ѿˡ
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ʵСһֱκٲдϣǸǶЦĽٶгһܹڣǿԳˡ
ǸڷؾΪѹͷѪκ١Ҳˡ
С΢΢ŤͷȥǾӡ
ʦɣ澵ӾͻʧҲͶϾһϵ
Ӧ֪㣬ԼմĹ⣬õʦĵᡣ
С㡰ʮˡ̫Ӳһ⣬ע޸ĸ޶Ůǣ޹ңʵҲͦõģ
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Ȼ˵ĹСıϢԼ˱˰Իζ
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ʱٱҲˡħƺ裬˵ʶЩ롪֪УǰֳԶӣҡֵĻ˫ŷ·һ㣬ľګеسǸȥ
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Сʱҵ׾ԴŰΧסˡСʱȴֻѪκ٣ʱֱֱĸ
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뵽⣬Сֵκٵͬʱκ٣һš
κħѹˣֻʣҪ򿪹ŵһСǰƺҲ㱲ϣ
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ʱħ֮κ˿ԼϢ֮еʽƸ۵ɱץСĸ첲򣬻߲ӡ
ǻˣǿӹ֮󣬾Ҫ¶κٺ˺顣
СҲˣѾǰħ֮
ټħԴ߷ʱѸϵкʯڶΪּ̨ӳɣסСӣʲôȥԼһļӳַ
̧ͷŰһһӰսһʱȻ֣ǳŮνýƷڿ㣬ֶУȻ˿ѷɫκ٣
ҵĸҲ㶳ѵǰʾ˫ħСʲô·ҡǵһμֻħѵħҪͿ̿飿


84 
ʱʵĺ죬вĶҲ򶷵Ӽҡ
κٴɱͬŮħʽǺɸֵܻ
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κٱ΢΢һƫ˫ŨڵȴʼնС㲻ţСּγҲ㣬ֻάľС
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ҺСΧһֱﻤ飬ĳγɫܣС㡣
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κƺҪʲôħõ˲ϵϵħԲԽԽǿ
ɽѹȸϮʱϢô
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κٱסˣֻһۿ͵ϮС
С㳤һµѵԪ񣬾Ȼռұˣ׼Ҳ˾𣡡
˵⻰ʱСһ£űɢ½һߺݺݵѵĹˣ
κٴʱŨڵҲ𽥱䵭͸ɫ
ǯסʯѾſƲסħʱķѡ
ֻΪǰŮ˷Ųµִ鰮ɰҲմȾаħԣ䵽޼СħʣԶʯҲǶɲעҪħ֮ˡ
ڣܸоͷʯѿµĹѪиоָԼǼʹСü۵Ŀɰ
Сʦôôÿʱ۾ôôʪ󣬵ɵ˻ʪĴƷȻ޾㡭
֪Լ˵ʱһ·΢΢ɢˣ
Ű߽ɫһȥޱߵƲ۾
֪Լٲ˵ֻСʦ۾Ҫ죬ʱҪ˵ģ
ЩƿۣСŮ˵С㡭
СסˣΪẰһСʱŵģźĻҲٴӳ
Ȼ벻ԼһμκЦʲôʱˡ
ǽٶ
뵽⣬С㾹Ȼ̲סֻϢųЦĿˣȻСЩգСʣ㡭ǽٶ𣿡
СͷʱκŵɢйŮƣ̫һѪյˡ
κپԼͷðѪﶼЩʹ飬ҪӿѪˡ
ûеСʦԼСֻ㶵ؿκϤֻĻЦԼʵǲǰһвǴӰˡ
κҲֳôɣŮѪǲġ
ΪĳڽκεйӿͷѪʵ̫ˣ
ħԵļ»ЩӡѣıλеĸӰҲɽϮ
һЦ֮ƺһ
úñС㣬ϧһŶϣһָˡ
СȷħȥʱֽǶܶʱκͷʹٴνС㱧˻С
ɷŻΪĴСȴĬĬʪգһƿվȥĸǹ
κ۷һѳסСֱۣǰЩӵңң
ֻʧ䣬ȻҲǵԼС˵ʲôʲôƨ顣
룬ʱԼϣֻһɵĻ쵰ӣκֻȻͽȻٺݺݴԼơ
첲̧ǿֻקסСϸӣƵģܵûӰˡ
С㲢ҪˡȻǱʱƱõʣȷӦúú㡣
ֻκ˺صˣŮѪͳһʧͷѪΣ
Žĸǹú˵ˡ
κٶֱˣץӲţǰһӿıˡ
СЩ뷭ۣô˦˦ֻεôֱ㣬ôȥˣ
κǿһӿѪʺһʱˣҽǴ׼ĸҵǸԶϽħ
СһȻ˵áʮе
⹷֮ƺһҲͨԶˣÿܵ
ĸˣСԼ֪ν͡ҪǣκǧתתȻǳħˡ
С㶼֪κٻĵ߰ȥд
ʱһѰǡ
˼ɽϻЩ鷳һʱ뿪ɽֻܰ̽һκٺС䡣
ʦָ˵ĵɫһ
ӣҺʦ£ʹ˳ħٴη¾ɱǧأҲģ
κٿưͽʱҪתڣðɱ
ͻȻɿС㣬תһѲһߵ췣֮׼ӣ
Ҳֱ㶹ƾʦ𷣡
һĻʵھ꣬ʦʹС˫˫ħһܾˡ
һԭŮڶԷ붼롣
ۿʦڵὣˣѹ
ֻСسţС㣬쿴κٻڷ裡
С˼ʦͽһ֮ѣԴɹԴҲ¶
κοκٵļҪˣСмҲǱ
СҲֻȰܣӺ汧κٵխŽҪʦͽֿ
һʱ䣬ɫҲ⽭ߵļɹƻЩĵ߰塣
κأɽС·ͷһᣬԵСĻС
æȥסʦ̽鵽̨̲֮ס̧ͷѵʦ
ıЩˣСҲ΢΢𣿡
һĬؿκһۣ˵ͷȡԼ𣬴淭һҩ«˼ݸС㣺Ƶڤ񵤣Ȼ¯Ļ򻹲ҲʱʦסͷѪ˵áʵ̫ˣǣϲѵҪˣֻһ˾ͺá
ȥĵ߰ʣκٵͷһᣬС㷼ĻУȻ۵ͽ̵Ķҿɲҳԡ˭֪ⵤﶯʲôֽţ
ǰûʲô
һһ˫ӵˡ
ı˰ļƻȴһƬǽ壬Ҳ˵
̲ס᣺ˣһжԭΪܰʦı񡣿û뵽ȻŪɳ׾ʦͷѪԪħҡʵǶԲλ
˵ȻԼǣ
ӣСֻ˻ˣȥҪԾƹӡ
ʱҲħˡ
ԭ͸ħ飬ֻΪ֮ͣĹܺõؿħԡ
һھ֮ϮƹҲһʱЩް벻ħħԷɢϵĺǽ̬֮Ҫκǰɡ
СԼһҲǹˣ
һ·˾ص䡣Լħκ٣ҵѪ׵ֻκħͷǣֵֹԾ
찡ʲôȻҪκٺʦͽ
뵽⣬ػ֣һɱݺݳ
ͷŽСĻʦԶԶѵ֪ҺǷ˾ţ֮Ŵ˾ӳȥǱʹЩȥҺ᲻Ϊǵᣡ
˵СίӿͷȴҪѹԼޣֻȦͨͨġ
Ҳ︽ԵʣƺǸħĿǣ
ʮĿ£ϵĺ۽ȥֻһҵĴЩ˵ͺˡ
Сôһ˵˾ľҲúίֻĲӣĻܲ˵ش
κԭҪ˺ˣǱôҪҪ֣ҪٿˣСﲻµˣ
ֻ̫İϷˣСڲݵϣû˴
һ̱ڲݵϵκʣﻹиҪˣû˹ܡ


85 
κٿƵĻϵû˵ʲôֻҪѪ޴һĻ˻
ȻС˵ļƣ£пܼǳˡ
κڵҲģϾôͷѪ׳ţҲҪµġ
æҩҪιʦκٺֽŴֱҪСι
СÿǶƭʦͽֻ˵ֲСӣԲԣ
˵Щɲһ
κٵ壬ʮֱʧѪ֢״
ʧ̫࣬ѪҲ粻
ӷ̫̫࣬ıơҲǽ񣬺濾ʱ䣬úһ˼
ʱڼһĺҲȥѪɫ
¹ڽߣսһҹ˳ħҪҪսҡ
κٳҩʼ˹ⵤ裬˱ǸԴ
ҽ꣬µĵҩȻ«ĵҩȥκǻָЩֻƬ֮󣬱㻺۾ֱؿűĴС㣬͵͵ߡ
Сȴˮ֪ʲô
ɫ΢ʱ˯˯ˡ
κٶɰĵУٴƹӵĲ磬æԼˣȥҳԵˡ
С㾭޵ĴǾ̨ࡣ
ʯİܴ󣬾Ȼܺõữħħԣòħͷͬʱѣϻͻ
ֻȻͬͻҪۺһҪЩɵġ
Ȼ´ͬǿжħħԺǵһ;ƿݵˡ
ڻصԼʱǰ취Ķжȥ
ȻʱٳЩҲ֪Щ᲻ᷴ
ʱɫѾˣȥҳԵĻû
С㲻̫κ˵һϴ
ڽϴһ۵˱ҲԶˡ
һǰʦǰ㣬СӣûһСˮǲ̫
С㿴Ҳֻͷϴ
ϴˣСһһߵҲ˼ңҺͲ߶ʦͽˡҲˣȥһǻأ㡣Ǿʹ˱ɡѽʲô
С׵ĳ滰û˵أκٵĴһãСһˮ
СողɵֱʪģһĨһߺݺݵκ١
κͷɵŶô۾ԭῴ˰һΪ˵ʱùԲĺ׿أ
СҲû뵽Լе㻳λ˵ħκˡ
λֱֱȥûô˵ģ
װͰ͵ѽĶЩɵӣӿûжǰ϶Ƕ࣬һƣﾡã
κЩεشһС㣬㽲ЩòáıһǸˡҲҰʲôʱҪǳ붴ʲôģǿԿһ¡
˵ʲô˻ĸҪ붴ˣ
ҹ˰޽磬Ӽᶨ˻ԭƻκǷֵ뷨
ôһ⣬һʧȥ˾ʦͳϦദİͽ
κ٣˸ˣΪɳɵһдۣ˲ܲɣʵκ١
ڣòۣСǽٶһˡ
ɵͶѾõĻҪúøԼܵίʱȴ۸ˣʵ
Сһӱǣϲã²ȥʲôħʲôٶһ֮ѣȫ浰ȥɣ
ƻ𣬹ػ˪ף־˴ϴ£ƭֵֺˣ
ôһ֮СЩ󳹴򡪡ǰЩӱ˱˺òᣬǿһ·ԺԼ֧Ź
پһΣ˺Ḷ́۵Щ顣
κǲ٣̫ᣬǰκǰۣó쿴͸¡
ˣҲгһ죬Ҳһ֮󣬹˼꣬ĳһ죬ǻ󳹴򣬷ԼŮ˷ʱ䣬ɵĴ껪
ǸʱٷħСΪԼԼܲסڶˡ
鰮ֶʮӲ˵ȷЩݳޡ
Ȼע¿һαȥκ磿
Ŵҽһ˵ҲԭǺ޽ߣǺͺɢȥٱԣ˴ЩĻźá
ƭĸҪˡ
СⷬȻûиȾκ١
С㺬˵ʮˣʺʱκٵüҵǸ˵ûðٴǻͷҲҪסˣ
Сšӣݸ˳κ٣̾һʦƹӵȷǽƭòᡣȴТĪҪҲ³ضԴˡ֪Щ겢ǮܹĪҪʧȥ˲׷Ī
κȴΪȻһħʦҺθɣ
ƵۿСʶĵεΣȻҲ֪صʲô
ǸôܻɢС㣿
ʵɺ෸˵˼ĹƤҩһΪǣͽհˣ
ԭ켣ľˣκһʶϣ
ֲɵʲôħľˣС϶Ҫģ
ĻСһ˵κ٣ʱС㷢κѾϴȥ˶ͷѪۣͷ˰֮̿ǰɫ档
ֻǴɵɫѾںѪɫΪκ޾а֮
С㲻֪ӡǴʲôǲ˵κٵˣ
óָ˵Ķͷ˼ȴ֪֮٣ĺħ˲Ļ
κס󣬵ͷҪС㣬ȴƫͷ㿪ˡ
κٵ΢Ũڣͳ㻹ڹң
С㲻ȥ۾ֻ΢΢ͷƫһ࣬ҧһ촽ˣ鷳ȻòˡѹɵõҪȻ浢ˡ
κ̲סսϸǶԼĻУʱʲӵռݣ˵ĶǹƨͨĵȻǹƨ˻Ҫģ
СŤͷκ٣һɫȻ֪ǶԽˣ͸֪һжʲôƨ㲽Σϲ⣬һҪռλֻжſշɡҲҳҪص󡭡갡ΪΪҲ̫ᷢıɣҲҸõŮ£ȻˣαҪȥƽҪʹࣿڡ
û˵꣬κѾһס졣
κȻָǣɵѾħħԲС
СأС㻹ǿ۵һīɫ
Ϊħħִƽ㲻õ
κһԭ;̹ȴһħ
κС̸ʵҪƲϵĵ׵ħԶ
һ̣СԲ֪Щʲô
κٻɿ֣СˮĿ⣬ЩζȷС˵㣬̫ҵҪ󡭡ģҲСġ
С˳ĿͷѽԭϴʱȻСĽ·ؿڵĲϴʪˣ
ýֱۻס壬Сˣպã۾Ϲˣ
òҿ˫С궼أҲֲ
κһ޹˵СٶأѵСŶԭ뵽ȥˡС㣬㾹Ȼˣ
С죬Ҫ⻵СӸˣ
ɱôһС㶼벻֮ǰָĻ˵ˡ
κ˳Сļ򣬵͵͵־ؿʹˣȥһɺã
κסСʦķװ̱òǱá
СôҲᶪܵġ֪ͷѪЩźأ
С˵Щκٲû
ֻҪһ뵽Сһܻǰƾʧκ۵׵Ũīɫͻᷭӿ
ŵС㣬˳ƽС㱧뻳Уס۵׵ŨڣߵͳģҲŪˡ
СʶôãСԼĹǾڲᡣ
κٻ֪СĹ
ԭֹۣÿʵŮҲһ䱸ǿͬ˵ĴһСرԼڽͷŬػš
κ޷СС͵ĸʱ򣬸Ƕô
С㣬ȫȫʱȴ⵽ͬʱıѡ
СʱµĿſ飬㱻ǰ·ȭҵκ۵ó鴤
ƫƫǵС˵֮һκ̲סֱۣ΢һЩ˶ͻһ㻬ߣʧ
ִһԵʱÿκٽСΡ
ʶȤûйȥš
жЩʪۿ
ЩúడСͷʦͽ־ѣΪѣҪС㣬˼ƹӡ
Ǹĸ׺˵ĺһúࡣ
뵽⣬̲סŤͷûУͱ˵ԵҪⱨӦġСκãͱˣϾǷҲʲôšʦͽһҲʲô£
ΪƹΪֱҪ壬ʦʦҸ㣬ŽСκٵġ
ȴ֪ǰԵʵһѾδҲ˵
ҲֻһһˡϾͬʱʦԼĹСӣֻܼβˡ
һҹļɹڵԭһ£ƽسˡ
ֺǸӣǸӵӣСҲΡ
Ȼ̫Ҳ̼ǡ
ԳԷʱɴתƻ⣬˵Լƭľ
κٵ۾΢΢𡪡˾һ޷ġ
Ǹδʲô·ô˾ħ
бҪȥѰλҶ׹һ̽
ֻСҶʱκٺ˺ʦͽһۡ
๴ȥȪ·ļ黫֮ͽܺƿڴŶԡ
ɷκλҶӵƷòʱŮӲԼͬգͬƷ¶ؼһ㣬ϸϸҶӵ׿
ǹ⾰λ񻹺źԼٶ飬治Ҷɵ֮һ
һʱ䣬ʦͽ΢
κٺ쬵λĪǲǱħԻ󣬶ΪС˻Ȫ·
Сһ룬ҶǵϾ֮ˣáɫݶˡ
ǳ˺Ƥң֪ǰػĵĻˣȴǾӱѵãκƫΪϧϧ˰
κû뵽С޷˼ħһʧ
ɼλҶӵ治Ƿˣ
κЦˡС㣬ȴȥʱûţ˼ЫеɫС
ҲˣЦб۵ֲҪϲڣС
СҲбۿҧһҰӵȻᵽ⣬ȴ˵˵͸Ƿڷּˣʲôʱϸˣ˼ҵ͸ɢ˰ɣ
κٱҪּҵĻˣĬһ£ȴҪʲôߡ
Сȡ󣬼ȻС÷ڲ棬Ǿϲڵ¡
ͽܵģĸɽͷһĲ¡˾ҡһ䣬ȥϲڵϯӣųӣСʦϯů
С㻰ﻰ⻹Ҫֿκٵħȴٴδˣ۵ǻⲻŨڡ
ʱСȴ쵽˵΢΢ζƺʲôڵ·ˮ˴ˡ
ĸ˲Լͬվ䱸Դ
Сʱһ̧ͷҲκٵɫ˱仯Ҳħ֮ȻκôˣŵæסκٵĴƣôˣ
Сסκٵһ̣κ۵׵īɫȥ˲١û˵ֻǸػסС֡
ʱҵǶ˫̥ͻȻɱˡ
Ҳܵ˴صĻζżбľګ֮⣬ƺ˼˵Ľ
֣ĸȥҲͬУ
κ֪Լ֮ǰҲҹǴɽСڷ֮ǷҴɣƱҪɽĸ
κٲҪСȥ
̫ҵˣڵĹʱ²֪ͨȻҲױлĲҾˡ
ĸҪСȥҲʲô¡κȻҪ
СȴҲκһȥſɿ۾ֺˡ
֣֮߱˭ֻ֪ûйȥ
ħɷȴ˳ħ֮·͹Ƶˡٷ봴ʲôһѪ
뵽⣬СȻϷңвȥĵ
СȻֳ˷ڣΪϲڵԷ˵Ҳʥּ
ȻˣκҲͬˡ
κٴСûٴ첻µزµԸ񡣼ȻС˵ҪȥҪΪС㣬СԿˡ
ڲСֿȻܻһܻصʧ
СǶģȻȥܵõֵļ
ֻȥôҴңԱװðҰӣĸθʡ
ĸҹڷķɷħŮȴҡһ䣬ڼСŮĹɣһҰЦݼˡ
һԵԴ׾׼̫¡ءˡ


86 
ĸһ˫۾ɨŵһŮ٣ҹǺΣôʦһ𡭡ħ
һԵɸֵŮϣħʲôֵģɺ޵ȻħңħŮ˾֮ţĸףǶ˷ʲôǣдã
һϡκٵķӣԼ常תڡ
ɻûκٿ˵СȴѾȥˣκܸ˵ҵĶκʣܼʱΪ׳ҲˡӣȲ׵شһ֣ʲôã
Ȼκٶʦͽ֮꣬˵κ٣Ǿò
⻤ǷڵʦŴУԼͽҲݲñָűϡ
κԭΪ常ħԣС㿪άʱͻȻôƽȥˡ
СʦƽʱЦľͺˣбŴʱȻһޣ
ʵǵ춹ĵֱˡ
ΪֳԵʣֶһ򻰲ͶϢأ˼ֳķ緶΢˶κٵ̬ȡ
ڣۿȻСѧħٴЩɸ֣ڿƲסʹ
û뵽Ŷĸ׻ЦĴ޹ͻȻһֱֱ
С˵
˵κپ常ڸ̨²ȻΪ˱䲻֪ȫѪ֮
һʱ˵ָֻС㶶ָ㡭ħŮ
Сһֿ˿ȻΧЩ׾ҼҹˣҪд輼գҲԵ㡣ֻǼҹƺˣҿǾ˵մѵһԲ裬ֺαشɱɱģϷˣǲ
Ϸ֪Сʵݵúܣһǰǲķâء
ǻôˣǿɶǳħκٵ°ܽ
常ģҹκٴ˻ûأûʶЩûȤˣ
СôϷҲü۲ȵĻеѵûܳһƽľĲˮȻáǴ֪ҹѾ˴ٺõĲȥҲҪζ
С㱧ȭԵǸκѾ˵ʮһΣº֮ҹķŴͳ붷һ£ʲôã᲻֪ҵϰߣԲȦףҺ˾
ĸüͷһʲôǲԼ룬ƭ˾
Сһһʮ˵Ҷûջ顣
Ҳ֤ɽΪ˾ӳʱȹϻմһƬ˰ĸɻ
⻨ӵĶ԰˽˾Ҳﲻ˵ĵط
С˵ģʲô˻ֱͨı£
һƬ˰ɢջ˵ϢϷ˵ɫȴ˼䡣
̫̫˼һ£һֻ˳ˡ
Ƭ꣬صܴ˾ժ˰ˡˣ
С⻰ͬص˵ͷλҶӵƷòǷѰģǴһ˵ʡ
ȥǸʱκôơѵҲϵġ
Ϸ˵ҳңһҳϸ룬ôıԼһ˵ǲҳ˾ħĪ˽硭ܾⱳдֻ
˵⣬̧ͷԼκٵĶͷ
ħˣɶͷɫӡȴoġ
Ϊ˾ңϷһ۾ϳɫ˾׵۾ӡ
̫̫Լˣס˾ӡ֮󣬱㷭˹żġ
κٶͷϵɫӡȻʧȴѪۼ׵۾ӡһģһ
ⲻ̫̫ܲһ
κѹԼʲô׵۾תһ˵ֻ˵Լһʯ壬ʧǵ顣
Ϸһȴ羪׺䶥Ƿӡʯɲħôûвأܸϵġ
׹Ļſɻϡ
κټȻ˵ǹ׵۾˼ٵĻ
ҲܴĻѪӡȻʧѾõĹ׵۾˾ˣ
ȻҲ㣬һʱ۾ҲɵԲֱ㶵ոմϻز
̫̫ΪϳӡЩ׼ҲգԼ£۲ʶ̩ɽ˼ٵ񣬻
κüͷ΢΢һ壬æȥԼĸ̫̫ȴԼĶҲŹ¡
Ȼ˾ȱʧoƹڻá˭Ҳδǣ˾Ϊ˭
׵۾˵ظ֮ɱ֡
Ҵ˾ʵҲظ˿ܼŵආѣ
СȻ֪κٳҲû뵽ѵԭӦ˴
Ҳѹ˼׵۾ǹλڰɽ˵ֱѣ
ӴԺҲر˾ڵְˣ
뵽Ϸ˼̲סᣬǰٸнźϺϣ֪˵Щʲôźá
СҲϿҵؼһ뵽Լսʱ򣬻κٺüͣûиκιҩ
СʱЩ飬ԼԴƺûϡ
Ҳ֪Ŀ᲻ʲôǴͷκԺ˯ʱϼ᲻΢ֲ
κٱĸĸò
˵Ԫûлָֻͬĸ˼ΪҹһСģѾ׵۾飬Լƴղȥˣˡ
Σĸٴ۾ɵԲͬʲôˣ
һ񣬷ѶȾͨ˵һ롣
׷ӣɽ·ܲ⴫֮
ڶɽ֮ǰԲغ÷ӡֻȻԵˣͿһǧݻعɰࡣ
׵۾Ҳˣ罫Լӡ
ǡɷôͱκٸأ
ԭκСӾǹ׵۾𣬶Щ֪룬
˵ȻŪˣֻһĴȣСӹʺ˲ϯ棬һ뵽ǹ׵۾ĹʺƵҼɫɺ죬ȥ
ϷȻعڱκٲϸϸ鿴Ǻް󣬷ħƺڻת
ô£ѣҲħ
κȴüںһЦԼԭ͸óħνȻ˼ɽ٣ȻʲôҪЩԼΪħôƹܵظħ
⻰˵ƨͨκټȻǹ׵۾ת͸ſǧ쳾䡣
ĸɵõ˵ͷ֮
СЩϷĹżװ飬˳㵲
κٿܺߣ
ĸ˵ʵ˵ΪС㣬һʱɫģɫħ·СԼ׵ҲеҲס
˵ΪԸħɣûЩ
żװĹСһⱾԶ鼮ϾȻ¼ʷʦǱؼԡ
˵ĸκһֻͣεصͷҡҡͷ
⺢ӵʣȷħЩһħҪػλȴͨķϰٱɽ˾аﶼѾܵ˾˵ϢһЩаʲôλ𱰣ֻǿʳɸڣһкáɸѣǱضҲǸӦˣֲýյηӿ˾ħҪ췴˰
⻰СЩ⣬̲ס׵۾·٣顣Щ˾ħ֮ǰΪûзӦ
Ϸ˵۾٣൱ڻʵ۳ѲȻóȥһӣйһգħ۾ѣǾǻƵۼݱڰ·ȻħҪ췴ˡ
Сˣκٵѣ̳Ѿ˾ѹħ֪
ظ֮Ų٣˾һң
ѹֽκٴħļʱеضɽҡס
ĸ˵κٵ٣㲻ҵļϻűصΡ
˵⣬Ϸ˶ָָֻǱż޹ƺܰ飬ⱾûȥɡҲܾɽɽķꡭҲֻˡ 
С㿴Ϸ˵ˬӣһˣǸƭ˾ıʹӦʲô˵
ܱ뵽κηֻܸһԼȥˡ
һΣϷûһԶٷֻǶκ˵ȥĸסϾĸδܵžһ¡
˼Ϸ˻صҺһֱڷԣ˶
ϷҲòǳ֮ơκȰĸ׷³ޣת˾쳾õˡ
ӴʱС㿴ǰ˸ߴ󣬶Թ¼ŵıӰ̲סֳ˳·ӣʵĸǲ㣬ֻļϿһӵأİôһ֣ÿ˾ֻʣһˡ
ϷĵȻκħİΣ⣬Ϊ׵۾תȴɥʧ񣬺ʧ顣
СԼ˵˹ضҪѹġ
κٿСŬؽĸʵܰӣͻȻһСͷɵϣֲǴſɿĻƿСĸϲңҲ޵ģ
С㿴˿û˵
Ҳ̫˽ˣҲµ飬Ǳϱֵǰ㲻ں
֪ǹ׵۾֮Һάϵǵ飬һ¾ֱش嵭ˡ
ĸ֪κΪħֻǻ˾飬õ˹׵۾ɴưɣ
뵽⣬СʣʵûаûˣϾܸɽ٣ع鱾λǹ׵۾ͺӡ
κͻȻͷСһۣǰҶɽٷҲңϲˡϾݶȾƵɾҲŶء
һ׵۾һСı˸гΪ׸׵ļԲ񣬾Ҫɴס
С׸޻˵ֻ˳ŻɾѵҪҴٶƭһ㵱Ӧ÷ԸͽܶѰĹҲԴ𣬿ĸ˵Ե
κٿֿʼˣɴסС㻹Ҫ죺㣬˭ҵۣҪ֪㵱Խ˵ĻҪΪͽ̶ˣ
ˣĸ̶ˣ
Сһپ̱ģǶκٵĴƶֻصؽС
Ϸ˺վǰſڣԶԶԶȥıӰ
忴κȥʦӣü˽εϡСӵĵУôǵ۾ת
ϷʵҲֱüȴ˵˭ۼЩԼǿ뷨ˡ˵С¶ʱԣ˵⺢ѣҲһɾ͡ʱʸ˿ƽ֮Ǹȴ˵ȥãĽٵǸ顱ԸҪ׵·㿱ơ顯֡
üͷĸ״ú÷˵ã
Ϸ̾Ըִ֣ûסףȻҲסͿٵĸǷа취Ȱˣ
κٺСȥ˷ãŽŮ˼걳Դţϡ
κٽĸףҺСˡЩӿɻã
˼Ů˼ǣһδδ
ѵ˼ŭκһֱδ˶ӵ
κǰ˼Ҫߵ˼˵ȴͻȻʵŤŤͷֻһ˲䣬۾΢΢īɫ
С㿴ˣʱס֡
κħʱǡ壬ԳħٶСħ鸽ĻҪ졣
ֻΪ׵۾ԭִ˾ߵħ·ǲͬ
ڳħĳڣԲȶҺСҽħҩڲ࣬ŲǰǰѸ׹ħ
ǷŻ֮κٱ̾ⷿ䲻ԡ
СҲ쵽ˣӰ죬СԷˮѧҲԡ
߻谵зòͭ㰸İ裬Ҳǡùڼͭ䴩
Уڻþһ㣬Ǻ˽ʧǵģ
СϸȥŮ˼¶İز¶һ˿˿ɫѪܣһãóһķ˹ȥ
ķ˼ĺϣֻͻȻǰһһ㰸ϡ
Сʱʱһ
ֻ˼ϲѪۣҲ֪˶áµǣǰȻиҩ룬ĵѪᣬУ˿Ҫһˣ
Ůһ岻ᣬֻΪεͷ֮ѪѪᣬлΪĹЧ֮˴ĻҪõı
ĲáѵҪ˼ꣿ
Ƕ˷ֵüʱ˼ҪƫƧķˣ
˼걻Сķѣģ俴Ŷκ٣㱾ϳȥİˡ
ʵرסκ٣꣬㲻Ҫһˣ
κĸףŷͷѨǿ԰סŭĸףңĪҪٿˡ
˼ŻȻգſ޵ʹ˫ۣ޾ʧκ٣٣ԭ㡭ҷһóΡ
Сһԣɴ۾ŷĲãʣˣһֱ𣿡


87 
˼Ա˴ɽ󣬱㱻ڴԣ
Ӻҵǰ꣬Ϸ⣬˶ҲٳãһͶ˶á
ֻ˼СѾߣ˵ɽҪڣΪ˾ħ޳Ϸ˷ԸҪüӼаͭ
˼굱ʱڳд𾭣ҲЩЩСŪ
֮ûŹͭԺ󣬲ӰڻУֻ˯⽥Ũ۾
һʱΰѣȻֻصʶʱھһమ֪֮󣬱Ǿɽصʹ䡣
˼һδεֹȴֻһδοŰǰѪ岽
֪ȴŤתʹ
˼һΣǳв԰ΣʹͷѪ
ҲˣǱģǷСľҲ˽
⣬ԻķۣѵϷݲ˼ˣ˺ߣȥϷʸ  
˼Сһֱü˼ʵĻҲŵĵһֱ
ĻͻȻ̧ͷκ١
κħԺһֱȶʱĸײɥã۾ҲǽȾ˺ɫ
С̲סץסĴƣκ٣Ҿ²ô򵥣԰ꡭ
κתͷС㣬ĴʱǶĵǣͫӳӰӡ
˵ʱһӸƽĵͻȻէķߺޡ
ΪĸСʱ뿪ɽľκӰεĹ¶С
СʱÿҹμĸԳߡ룺ĸײܹ⣬ˣôϱˡ
ʧȥĸ׵Ŀ־壬ĥССԸҲԹƧҵĺӸ롣
뿪ңϱҲһˡ
ֹ¼ŵĸоǸʱ綼Եĸоࡣ
Դʶ˴СԺкܳܳʱ䶼˹¶ʲôζˡ
СⷢȵС̫һ㣬Ծо£һȺߡ
ЩȻղϣȴӲµ˵
ůֽģҲȫӰȻ֣ĸ֮⣬׵˵ĸо
һ̣ʧȥĸ׵Ŀ־ħΪСѹȥ
Сһֱκ٣ֱٴλָɫĬĬһ
κٷŶħǡ СͻȻסƺʲôԽԽǵһ
ΪСͻȻ뵽ƭ˾κħٵ˼˲ΪجѪ¼޹ȴ;ͬ飬ƺڴĻǣκٳħٶȣ
ֻںһ¡ǾҹԼκ٣ȥôΣ
κڵˣԼƢħٴηκѪԪһʱá
ʱǲڤ񵤡
ʱһǻѰκ١
κħƻ˾ķӡԸ񣬻ǻκƿڴκħ֮ԲڵĻκܲ常δ֪
ҪǣֶͲǸղܸ㶨ˡ
κٴ֮ȥĸףԼǿ˼Ѫ۵ڷõӡ
пΪòʱ˼ѾͷѪᣬһغˣ
ʱκٿıɱֳһĲãٿʢװĸѪҩ룬᲻ҲһΪұĸףֻΪ˵õŮȵͷѪźĸһڷѪ
ּһɵĺֻǼκеħԡ
κٵħһǹϣɱħɱħģ
κٺпʧȥǣ¾ң
˵糿ʱС㻹Щκٵľûܼʱ뿪ڣȴޱԼûø⡣
µòⱳһе֣ǸҪˡ
Щһóѣκ̼ͻع鵽ԭ켣С֮ǰı
ǧ㣬ȴû㵽κٵĺƤκپȻزס˴С㣬ûߡ
ǸĻҲûôСֻҪκٵߣκٵͻᷢԤ֪ĸı䣬ҲƿȻݺκ١
ڤ񵤸˼˷ºסŮӿѪֻκٵʲͬ
ѪŮȣʧͷѪ󣬶;ɵ𺦸
˼ͷȻһӱ˻ɫˣɤҲ˻ƣȻҲܳ
˼˵ı仯СٿƶѪ֢κ١ͬʧѪͷѪᣬ˼һӾͳ˥֢֮
κȴ˶ѣ˯һʱܻسԶ
ɴ˿ɼ˵ʵƺۿĻҪס
²̽κʵʱ򣬱Ͼݺ˼˵ˣĿĻͼıκ١
Ϸ˵ŶҴҸʱŷ˼ٴ˼ķﲼ˵ǵԻ
ȥǼµѾʱǼѾȴȫʧһںɽɽǵʬƯ̶ˮϡǵʬʱǵ϶ֹڲٿصķġ
ЩˣӦǱȥĹʦ֮ǰ¹ģҵİ塣
ıȻǸǸȥϢϢء
˼Ҳ֪Լ㱻ãΪħն
С㽲˾˼ҲӺ¡
һĸ˵֪ԼĶӴɽ٣Ǽϲ顣
Ϊ뿪˹˼䣬ǿź֧ţһֱ˼ѰΪ˸
˼걻֧䣬Ʋ׵Ķӣֱӳʱꡣ
ȻԼĹ⣬ʱȴƽ˼İ
ڱͭظƽźʱ𣬻оӷֱʱ׵κĸ׵ʡ
Щж𾭣ʵǻ˼ʱܹҲ֪Լ᲻ѡ룬׵Ķӣֱôá
ǽɣǸԼĸøԶˣ
뵽⣬˼̲ס񰢽Сʱȥӵա
κȴֱһ㣬˼˰ա
ʵκڸĸֻϲ̫׽Լĸף֮ǰοűʱκҲǻӲš
ϾͲǸ໴Сˣĸױ
һ֮ҲЩڣֻǽǣĸס
˭ʱСһĺԴôôԶû˹𣿡
κٱСôһģǰһ㣬˼Ĵ
С㻹ĵǰκ٣Ȼ˼˵̫ģ㿴ǿ׳ӣӦ޴󰭵ġͽóҩʯԵǸڤ񵤾ͺܶ·ӡЩӣҲһָܻġ
˼꿴һĶСʦֵ³Աӣɵ΢΢һЦ
oһĶӸСһʱ򣬵ǶůϢСȷǽκչ˵úܺá
˵յĺ£˾˼꣬ȴ֪ЩԵɡ
ӯǴ֮ףеĳ˵˾ȡһҪĶκβţִ˾ĵ۾һҵĽս˾գǡԲƾУܾ˵ͬʱȾԲ¡۾׹˼䡭Ժÿʮ꣬¾Ҫת죬º֮ڣˮ½۳Ų𴬣˾֮ҲƵƵܵýħһԴϸĿء
СЩ񻰹°±һ´ˡ
Ҫ˾׵۾һս񣬶Ҫ׹·١
׵۾ǸʵϺӣ͵͵ˣۣӡԼ֮⣬ôʵʵؾֻء
λˣתƭļҵĵԼѹû١
˾˲ڣÿʮ֮ʱҪŻ롣
ԭĹ켣λǲǳɹˣ˾Ŵ󿪣ɽŻһƬ𺣣
ڴҵһ顣
ǰκڳƿ֮һ壬˸ͽŪתʱյһŤתܾ֣е鶼ԭ㡣
κͽװָۿſҪɡ
λڱĸڰ಻סֻԳҷ
λһֱ㲻ͬ졣΢һ£Ͳκٴλصҵ
ֻôһ㣬κҪħɥĸ߱ɱѪסеıĥһˣ
λ˳˺ݿκ֮⣬ȻһҪĿģҪ˾ȡһ
ĻҪõľʲôأ
С˼ϷʱǶҡͷʾ֪
λƺԼһжȻòȻƭĻʼյӡ
Ƚ֮£κλ˾֮ȻԿǲⰡ
СһС˵뷨κüʣ˼˵ɵඣ
Сʯڲҩĵ˵ûλȣ㲻һֱԿ𣿡
Сκٴʱɽĺɽɽҩġ
ĥҩҩ׼˼˶һЩ˼̫أκôƤʵ壬ֻ農ָܻ
ôͷѪ˼ֻȻعо˼˺
֮ǰҪЩҩκٺСæҩǵһ׹ɽ¡
κС޸֪ĹˣֱסС㣺Ǹ׵۾׹뷲ҲþǳԿȻʶమ
СҪ˦ĸ첲ĸమˣ·٣ҪƤЩŻȥ𣿡
κüĵҲһûŻأһȥҾǳɣҲҪźʦʲôʱһ˫ޣĻϲڷ󰡣
С֪˫ޣʲôɵ·ӣĸҪ˫ˡô᣿˭
κ뿪֮󣬱˹ܵҰңڵúܣҰ·ҲҰ
룬سЩ輧ǴһƬӣɲʲôɾ
Ѳɣǰĸˡ
κۿԼʦһĳ˰ӣɰý
̲סͷһڣ㲻ǶģǱɸƷ񣬲ŮɫúܣôҪҪҳŮɫ
СǰĲ񻰵ˣȴ˵ŸƵĻֻܰ죬Щ㡭˼˵ҽ
ûκѾЦŷĴ
֪ڵһμʱɽҲǰһ˵ҪΪͽʱ;촽죬ÿúܡ
ʱҲûϵԼȻǣ֮
˾֮ﱾԵһմȾˡ顱֮ζȴʳζղܡ
֮УС㰴̶ˮߵĲݴ͵һӳӡ
մɽҩڰСҩʱзСӺϵˣɫκٵİ
Сû뵽Ȼֲᷢɫһ졣
ôϸһСĺ׺ͺҵճϵҰݸӡ
嶼Ұսĺ֣ٿСɫ糺ӣ̲µѽɽǸˣ
Сҩƣ򶨵Ϲ˵ʲôأûУ
ȴ֪ûôκٲа
С㼱ˣ֪вУǡ΢ǰ׽һ¡
Ųأ
κһǸֵġɲƹӾӷ緶˹˹ġСܵ˵ɽɲҩôòŻвԼ۶ĵ
ҪȻСôϣϵκٵģ
СԽԽڣԱ㲻˵ˡ
κٵȷû˵ôʵˡȻǰȷŮɫһ⣬ҲûиŮ׽
ôֽˣȻôʦͨٳɴ˿ɼ˶ɫߣ
Һ˼˵ҩȻ˵ҪôԼأ
洺ɫС㣬ȴĳ̾һ
ƹȻΪ˱κٺöˡʲôʱͨϣôǫǫӰ
ǺǺܱŵģɽ£䣬϶԰
ƫƫԴԼԴԼҵһϸչ࣬ȴʾ
̾һԼǸ嶪ˣ
ǫǫ֪ԼüʧˣһҩϣԺܿҩƷ˼ҲͿ·ˡ
ϷԾûչ˺κٵĸף˻ͣ˼ͻ˹
Ȼɫǽ죬ˮ½ʱ̣˾ķӡҪϼӿء
ټϳ˰˼飬ҸӾ裬һ˯ȫúۡ
ֱڼ˼ȴлС˵Щпʵһʱ;κٵĸס
Сһ㶣֪˼Ǻ⡣
˼ƺ䣬΢ЦŮһ壬䵭׶飬ȴֱů֮ˡκٵĸ׾ˣЦ̲ס޹ҲˣӦҲǱ鲻ԽסˡŮһ㲻١ǰٵ̫⣬ħҹ˾֮չ˾ֻˣڴлˡ
Сֹ˼ݿµӣ˵ԼһҲҪκٷ룬ȴôҲ˵
ôһ죬ķǲܿƵġ
κٸĸһ٣ͷѪѵ浽֮գκҲĸһ


88 
뵽⣬СҲס˼֣֣ص˷ģֻҪڣصޡ
˼˵ͷͷѾȫףٲع֧Ų̫ˡ
̾һ⣬Ȼĵİˣȴأʹ
ҲΪɱ˫ۣδܶԶĸ׵Ρ
һ쳾ͷ׷޽źֻʣǧٿ׵һˡ
˼겻ٻͷֻԸĶܱһЩǸůЦݵСһݵҸ
˼꣬СκһҲҪ뿪ɽˡ
Ǹٳɽһ˽ˮ档ֱ˾ģѰˡ
ǸδǺ·Ȼֱͨظı£ֻʵҲһö˲ٿصӣ
ͱ˼ˣǴɽ֮󣬱㳯سǶȥ
СԼԭյţ׼۷ȥġ
ϧƭ˾һʱ䣬Ҳ֪Ǳʲô仯
粻ɣǵʱ򣬾ۣ˵ǳɽĻǰˣձɻ顣
ֵֻǣ˼ҼŮѡڰսУŮʮױ
ǳɽŮȴƫƫѡˣϵ˹ٸ翪ʼҹֳײ˳ӣҹ󿪳ţû޵ĳӳǶȥ
ҹȻһЩطǵϰףһС
ļһ壬ҹϰסɳɽŮʱȴƫƫôˡ˵ƢŹ֣ս֣˿ӻΣѡ˽˵ϣ˵ĿӸš
Ĵɴ֮سһֱʵټϰյĹٸʾ֣Ե˶ʱϿһˡ
ʱĴŻ򿪣޺쳵ڿյĽųһӣԭ޺Ļ鳵¹⣬һźҡѪ죬΢΢
˶ԼټԶԶǻ޵ĳӡ
ɵĸͷسǰšֻտգֻһɹٵĹڷ֮ϡ
СеЩ죬ҶȻΪձļһ׵ĵλɲԶˡ
֮ǰƸʯͷѾǴ󲻾ˣĵӭȢŮʱͷڴɹӭȢˣ
ң׵ĶҲ̫ˣӳɽ߳ôã޶˿񣬸ϲףʹء
Щ׵̴ӣȻ£ȴͷ­ͣԼ˵ƹӰĬš
ԭϲĻ鳵飬ƫƫڵҹ߳ëȻɭɭȫȻûл˵Ϣ
ͿĨϲ̧ͷÿֱ㶵غ޻飡޻飡
Լҹص˶ĤЩۡ
һᣬֻԼĺëҪˣүŮôôɭֲ
һԵȴã⡭ŲŮǡ޻ꡯ
ν޻飬һʧа
ָѰˣ׻ӡ߻黻˾ٽߵĻ黻أ׳Ƶġᡱ
ֻʹã˰һģһѰһصĻҲȱʧ
һ㲻ãľǸɵ֮ˡ
ԾǸ֮˭Ը⻻׳յˣ
ҲΪˣаûд
Щܣ鲼˷һ۱ϳЩǹʦа
Щӣͮͮģʵȴλĺ첼лᦡ
ϲﺰŵġ޻顱ʵǼ޻꣡
ƶĻӣ߳ȥһ̣ͱ˾£ķ󣬶ǶĻٲȻۣһʱ֮Ȼɿ
ʱֵ֮գĸ˵ˮ½Ļ꣬ǿԱûġ
˻аȻҪҹ£Ϊ꣬ǽϼֵˣ˵ĻǱ롣
ͺñڽӺķˣֻһᣬ;òĳأ˷·Ҫһ㡣
κٵ֢״Щˣٿˣ㿴Щ̧ӵˣʵѾʧ˻꣬ʬѡ
С㶨ȥͻȻЩ̧ŵ˶ǵŽż·źѹûռأ类紵һǰСǵĺ󱳶ſܷѾԵа󷨰꣬ҲܻеرʹǰС
żϻè߹ӣֻת˲Ĺ򣬾ͿЩｩֱӣֱͦͦڵأǵҲհˡ
Сü룬ǽļƷֻ˭ѵڽ
һ̽ȴֲܿӡСתת飬뵽˷ӡ
ٴóŵǸСֽˣֽ˵дһ۷ͨĬĬ䣬Сֽ˱㱻һ紵ƮƮҡҡȥ˻ܣȻٱһţ˽ӡ
ʱӹﳵѾ˳ţ˻ĽҰˡ
Сֽ˻ֽۣͨ˽Ӻ󿴵ΣҲسСǰ
ӲûиǺͷûױ磬ֻһ£ͷɢɫɷ׵ڽ
С͸ֽˣһ۾ϳŮ
ֻԭ鶯ˬС㣬ȴľֱ˽С
Сֽļ͸첲ϱıܿͷĲӺͶ󣬷ֱ룬סУŻľͷһһ
Ҫٿֽж룬ҪЩ
СѾǳʦŵĲ˼ˡԴ︽֮ԼٿҲһǧ
ǰؼֻ᲻Դķţٻʦ֮ͨС
ȷסѨλ֮С˫ֻӶᶯľżǣһ㡣
СֽԼӾһϣϼȦһһ£ʹѨλﱻ˳
Сֽ編ƣܿͽ붼
һ˲䣬̾һȻ
ɻûСֽ˸ҩƵžһӺ Ļȫ
ϵֽ˵ģʾԼ˵ʱСֽ˲ſĶ˽С˵Ļ
Ȼ֪ԼôϽӵģǸٸżڵѨλȴ
Ǹ֪ݵĸףǸĿϿҵĻϲڴ
Сֽ˴ݵĻж
С㷽ŷԸҪķƻлۡ
ȻһĻİҰžҪ˾֮ˡ
˿ЩƤ̳Ȼ˳Žδȥˡ
Ȼ̽ͷʼקķ
ɾʱٿлƺҲ˽е쳣ٿŽηˢˢ½ӣ˹
ŵķؽСֽˣô죿
Сֽ˱ˣȻһ굽ͷ˿
ʱӱ˹ЩһѳЩڵָץʱͻȻ˷Ծ˽ζ˽Щȫɿ
ԭӵķ֮ǹ˻ǵаɢκȻӽ˽ӣЩٿصӽη
κõ췣֮ħ֮̽ЩħĿ𵴿
˶ȻǣԪ̲סʹ쳣ؿڡ
ʱһ̧ͷ㿴˻ӽκ٣һӻȻֱзһ㣬
ǰûκ٣һ֮£ǾΪˡ
ֱСҲɱһѽ˽ӣŻһˣ
ʱʵ׵Ϊ۱ƻȻֹҲͣЪ
ЩκεĽη׷ҲãȻ֪ԼôڻĽҰ⡣
˿͸һܵò֪Ӱˡ
ⱲӶ֪ʲôмȡ
û뵽ԭó׵ȴʵʵˡ
ŷһӳ󣬶Լ⼸յľһѵغ
ŸСӣС㷢Сֽ˵ż֮󣬱㱻˷֣ʹʧ˼䡣
Ҳ˵֮󣬾Ȼ֮ûгԶˡ
ڸĴʱմԺӣͷɢĿһۿ˼˹³ùëȣ總ħ˰㣬ȥͿУŵˣΪҹ˳˵Ů֡
æͳӸѹͬʱЩϳԵľƲ
׷лк㣬ݺݳ󣬲±
Լʣµĳ㣬һʱԼһ̽ٵʱҵĸײ֪˶棬δ䵽ܷˣ취ȳҸף
СʣԭΪǼðү㰭£Ѱ˸竽޳ȥǽտ۵ļƣǲʲô
˵Դ̽ױ˴ұ۲ðƻƽʱ¡ұǰǸδҶ׵ݷˡҲ˺棬Ͼ֮ǰûмˣһܼ֪ܲȰ˻顣֪鷿̸ұ鷿͵Ǹðƻ˵ʲô²֣ǲµĻԺѰˡ֪ҽķӣҲѰ˰Ůӣʮһεˮ³֮˴任
˵ЩС㶼ֹͣԶˣֻǽŵضȻأ
գ۾䣺ǸҶ׹Ӿþòԡ͵͵鷿Σǻû̽ͷ;һ£Ȼұʧȥ֪ˣȻǷԼ˻DJ
СʧƷһ¿Ļ
֪λҶ׹ƺͬٳɽı֮ˡҪ˾ҵģƺǸˡ
Ҷ˵ûޣСҲ֪⻰Ǽ١
ȷλҶ׹Ļϲ⣬ǽֻ̾һϾ̣ˡκΪҶӣǺοࣿ
κҲ뿤˵Ļƺһڲ˵Ѿϵ̫ӵİ̽Ǵ̽ٳɽĵϸ漰ɽǣ浽ļҵӵĻңκҪĸ𣬺ݺŪˣǵø̫ӱһ£˵ɽ顣
ǸҶӵǺ·Ҳ˷ѽ⡣κȻûмˣȴѾʮֿ϶ǸÿеӲӡ
˵ĺ²ٳ֣֪ʲô˼ǿԿ϶Ӧǵ˹ǽĹͷԾ㻻ֻܻزĲл꣬ҲҪðһԡ
ϧҪͷ⻻ȴСκǸƻˡͲ֪ǵգֻʲôʽ
ԱԺκˡɽϼСǵʱκòڣһֱδü
Ȼ˲Ʒ˵ĿɾСⱻЩҡڡ
ϧСһưˮ˹ǳúÿƢͶû±ǰա
û뵽а˹ˣԼ˵ﾹȻ㲻ۣٿκͷС˵ӣǲš
СҲǶкøУźѵģκ֪֮
ƽ⣬ֻСһ˵ġ
Ҳɵܿ㿴κٶԴСĺãֱԽʦͽޡ
Ƣȷ˵ǰ㣬ǲ̫áΪǸͽʦƺһֱߡ
κСʱ̴ůʪʦʱ·ڸСŮ
ȻֲôҪΪңϲأôӢǿ׳ͽܣڴһǱﰡ
ɺǻÿǣС֡ҲǻϲڵκҲܶ裬ܵЩݣ˼ɫ
֮ȼ޸֪νҪöˡ
⻰ȴδȷ۲ãò֮ˣҶ濴ҪɫԻٱƭϻΣ˻˻ȥ
ԼǷͱ裬ǸðʵɺޣȻ׼ĹƷ
Ҳļ٣ҪЩסǸðĳɽʳ䡣
κȴ˵̫ǱϢ˵
ϴĴɶ󣬷ƣ˳͢ŵ׳ٲͶɽţĴɵԪûлָ
ټֳλ֪ϸҶ׹ӡǸҪԴ˵塣
İ⣬ƺǱزٵļƷ֮Ҫȥˡ
λҶ˾ʲô˻ٲλӦñǻҪż
ȻˣԾƶǺϾԭؾޣҿǱʲôҪʹ
Ͼκ̫ԪϧӪȿʱ½СԼ֣Ԫ
ũԺʱԷãɳ극СʱκؿڣѪ֢֮Сϡ
ٲС㽫סũڷϴ
ֻκٵʱ򣬱ôһҲ˴
СɽɽȲҩʱĺ֣΢΢졣
Ƕ󣬺ʱ򣬶δ̵ޣúܡ
뵽⣬æסؿڵ½Сũª͸ģĪҪ˸
κٺ޹գͷȻСǱҴĹż
Ǿô˴һſҲ˵˵ʲôܴᳳǣ
쵰ͽͰòˣֵһҵ飡
κٿʦֹ˰ɰˣ̲סץʦϸڱס


89 
С㿴κһԵӣֻƿ壺ʲô״ˣ֣
ΪʧͷѪκԪûָڼ䣬ǲʧѪģʱòõСʵЩֿԡ
ϴɽʱԭòŪһκȴȱһ˲ã
£ȴƷʵ̫尾ˣûǰǲҪپˡ
Բ֮󣬶˵һ
ЩżôĴռġ
ϾΪɽϣһ㣬ҪЩƽ֮Ĵռżƽⷨӡ
Сҷʲô׵۾Եλɵ
һŷƵҳȴһϤͼ񡪡һֻͩķˡ
ȻҳԶЩɫС㻹һϳˣһֻڵķˡ
ͼ棬һϸϸС֣Ѫƶδ֣аɻ֮꣬
֣Ǹ˵һؽڷ˴аħһƺ˳֮죡
СڹʯºɽֵıڻھԶĶ֮սڷƺʹȥɹ׵۾ȴ׵۾۷鱻ӡ֮ȡ
ģʮĶѪʵҲɫһֻȻɫԻ󣬾Լɻˡ
֮ȵķؾֻСڷˣʲô¶ûȴͬ裬ʵ̫ˣ
ôпһ飬ûе⡣
ֻǸרĿС㲻ͬκٿЩĶ⣬ʱ۾ǶŻŮ
żҪ⿪СӣҪϲʷӡӸϵкβͬ
СҲǼʶκٲҪһ棬֪ʲô˼ֻЦȥıӣҪȥӡ
ͽܵıʦ󷽣Ͼŷúʵǿ׳ѹ˿
СѣԼͽ£ֳͷбϡ
Ũڳɢϯ֮䣬ؼʵᣬխ£ڽ⿪ĳۼ䣬üͦǺЦ΢΢¶Ļһξߢļơ
ʱڹ룬ÿһµĽɫӰа˵ϣ޾ζ
С㿴ñЩȣȴ᲻ƿĿ⣬ֻĲɵ룺ǹ׵۾ҲȻҲѹֻԵѪʧ˱ģ׹˷׵С
ֻ֪껪Ů糺գҧŴ˵ӣκٵﾹǱ¸ӽ˼͡
󣬻κͲסһС㣬ݾһ
ֵֻκЩԸѪӿЩʱʧͷѪһ𣬱ͻȻ⵱һ±̱ڴϡ
⵹Ǹɽʱһʱء
С㱻ǵЩҲôһδʧ䡣
ɿκٱſʮֲĵӣ̲סһЦοͽİɣҲ߱˵ġ㿴֮ǰôңҶû˵㲻С
ôĵĽֱͣͱжѪ
κٵָٴλЩһѿסС㣬ϸĺ󲱾ĥҺˣ㿴вУ
ôˣСκٶҩĹЦ£˳ȥ
ʵ֮ǰҲίС㣬ʦڲŮ׽ȻӾһйˣͲˡ
СͷƤէӼû˵ȥֻæӦҪκٱ־롣
ʵҲܲ˼òʦһʦΪԪˣСڴ齼ǲҪ²֣дһʦؼ
ǵʱⱾԴؼμ¼ϾһħΪϷ硱ǲôɫ
ԺҲҵЩȤ
ԭǰȥбϷչԺľﶼǱϷ⡣
Щ棬ĥˣҪѧ̽ľϡ
͵һӣĻŭţľһѵɽŵɣ˽ʾһ
ŻȻ򣺡ԭڿ̽Ϸģһһأԭô򵥣
һǿһӣֿһӣϷƭ˵ģҪҪˣֻҪٸһӣҾͽôľ
֪Ǻˣһ֮£ֱʾţһѺʾһܿ
ɷ£ӣɷ裬Ȼظӣٿӣٹظӣӡ
̾УǸֱСƭӸƭȥˡ
СЦϷˣһᣬصԼ䣬һ飬㿪ʼϥ
ԭҪʯģȴ˵֮ǰٴθħͬʱֻ˷˻飬ħ뻤˵Ϣʮֲƽ⡣
ʯǡƽħԺͷ֮ûѰħķǰʯûСϡ
Ҳʾͬ⣬СǺĶˣʯܱסСͺ嶼ԸСһá
ȻͬСﵽĳ΢ƽ⣬ϢʱܸоڲĽٴ̨ڡ
ѾɵڵеõΪ𵤣ʼԪӤĽ׶
츳ûκôãѵĻһȴĸ
޳ĳɾͣôСһ·ײصӻԵϡͿشˡ
ڽ𵤽ɵһ̣Сܹоһɴûйӯ֮һӳӯ֫ٺǷ˽ӽһ̣Ҳο߼ɽеĶ
ѹôˣΪ˼µ޵Ը޶飬ӵһСֳ׳ĸоǻ񫡣
κٵεֵջ󣬽ģ
˷ջ֮С㾹Ȼκ٣ǰħ֮󣬶Դ𶼿ĳӲ
ԴԼҲº顭
ܿ죬ٴƣ޵ڤ״̬
Ϣʱ·Ϫַ·ͬ𶯣СʶҲƮˮ𸡸
Ķͷȴֳһ˿ӡǣӡǿȥ·Ҫպһ
ʱСֻӯ˳Źʯµ̨ףһֱߵ˹ϡ
иվڹ֮£ϻƵպۣȫ뾭ѾںڵɫȥɭֲɫֻᣬѻСǺܴ䡣
С㿴ΣȷԼȻڴʱ˯ˣһ˸ǰκٵΡ
ǰ۵ˣǸոմӷؾֻСڷ˳ħ
ƺдţд˼飬⣬ֽضǡ
ֻë޵ڲͣصңһĥ̨һֲëʸˡ
˲ʤ䷳ɴŪ˸ӣ뽫СѻԣСڷ˶ȥ
ٳҲǷˣԸ߰أӣ
ֻС¸һҽУץԼһ˵ĳ
ѾһٲȥϸŤ㲱ӣ
СֶȥˣίίüϵƬȻֺõë޵գȻÿɲ˵ħ
Ҫ֪ǰʱħκѾЩĵӣ̧ͷۿ
ֻС񣬾ȻħԼ裬ǵļ
̣εؽӲӺ˳Ҳֻܲƽ㲻סѵҪ˯ҵĴϣĪԼҵͬࣿסҲһֻǱëˡ
Сڷﲢ֪ԼˣֻǺر˲۵
ʮϲɢĳħΪħǷϲʳʱ˯ħϣͺèϣͷжȷǣԴ
˴˯úС󣬵ûֻһ޻ΧʱѣԼֱߣȻСīд֡
СԪƮգһԿؿдţԭǸĸĻšߣһҵš
дžǶκһеħµʹ⡣
дһ֮ĬĬһᣬֽ˺飬ȥ
СĬĬһ̣Ƕô¼ѹ
ǰȥҪӱס⽩ֱıӰ˫ȴǴ˵壬£
˳ĬؿԶ֪ʲô
ɾʱϵ֪ʲôʱˣͷһ˺󣬱üһƬƬ𱻳ţŽƴ
˵ͷСѻľٶ̲סЦԹԵظë˵Щ֪£ôҸûţûõģħ֮ܣĸдţֻΪ˾ֺ֮αػţΪѣ
СѻȻͬ˵˵ǣŬƴգͬʱߴߴĽУƺҪȰοƵġ
˺һʣĸң
Ȼ˵ͷȻֵر˱ģѰ˿Ļ˵ߡ
ӣƺڿʾãʾõˣ˶ӦϲŶԡ
ȴͨӶ΢΢𡪡ΪԵʣЦҲԵʮЦҲ꼻һ֣ת˲š
ٴ㲻˱ӵö࣬Ǻ뻵ֵܼġ
Ųӣƺͬ˵Ļ
˲ֿܼ֡Բ˯ӣԴֺÿɫ·һë
ôţЩ޻׻޻ԼɫëϣԼðһЩ
ٴαСЦˣһָ˴Сѻë޵ͷ˼Ϊˣʲô֡һëȴͨ˵ԡ첻Ͷ̥Ӧ˲ŶԡȻˣҸֿɺãССģͽССɡ
˵꣬һףöССԣ졭
Сʱˣ
ֵҲˣôݺݺֿȡҪȡгСС
ʾɣҪǰȥʾ飬Ǹ첲ͻȻһʹƱק
ͬʱѻҲĶ߲ͣţС㣬С㡭
С͵۾ȴлƬһ⻬ޱȵضԼǰԼĸ첲ҡΡ
κԭСڴǲġǺСʦȻڴ࣬˯Źȥ
һȴ˯ţҲǴĶžѧ
κϰˣԱ㿪ڻ˻С㣺ˣҪҪԶ
СЩ˯ˣκ㶵ʣʲô
κٶ˳һС보ףҪˣȳЩ׵ӣ
Сŵ͵ߵĻףܴغԣ
κٱСһ㶣ΪƽʱǺܰԻ׵ģһ̻أ
СҲ֪ԼЩˡץһѻףԼŵνκ
κüС˵ǰֻСڷ֮ȵ顣
ĺԼħ£ħΪʳߡ
Ǻڷز֮ϲԣû˵ôġ
һﳲѿգǺڷҲ֪Ӱ˷ܹһëڷĺۼ
˼Сڷֹκ߱ɱĸȴ˲ܻ³Ҳ֪١
СֻСѻĿɰк˶С¶ĳ谮һ
ħԷԼһСɱõİ裬ԼҲǻѹİɣ
뵽⣬С־ǰκ̫޵òŪֻС񣬻³
뵽⣬̲ס§סκٵĲӣοпˣٸֻĿɺã
κʧЦ֪С˼ǷɵȥˣʦҪʳӣﻹй
ЩʲôԺ
ұһ
һֱߣΪ˰ºաֻҪٹʱܰȥˡ
ʱǾͿԻȥ̫Ӱ̽Э£¶ٳɽռȵ࣬ĵĻ¡
һҶڰʱ䡣ϣҪ˴漼ط
˵תӶʱͻȻһѽͷôŻˣ
Է̧ͷһɲһͷͻȻȼ˹ϻ硣
ǷŻ˵ЦĿʱȴһŻա
ȴ֪˵ë֪ںδʩٿأ
ͷǻϨ˲䣬ѾڿնֱֱײĴ
СԾ˳ȥ˿ǰʣҪȥ
ںѣС㣬˿Сթ
Ȼھ˵ͬʱͻȻһƣСϮȥ
ԼйģټƽʱʦֵҲѧ˲١
ʱǲܲˣȻһӳСͷѨץȥ
СһĹԾԺӡ
ܵ÷ɿ죬ʣµҲԽǽ׷˹ȥ
ֻ˿󣬾Ȼ磬Ȼ׷첻ϡ


90 
С˦˶ȻסΡ
ʧЧСɴץһŻƷֽ˼֮󣬷ɿڵɶĻֽϼֽ˵״ȻҪָѪֽ֮˳СĿȥֽ׷˿񱼵֮ϡ
СʩһӾͲٿֽǣ˰С
ֻֽ̫Ҳֻһʱ䣬ƺҪקסˡ
ʱκٷȥһץס
Ҫ˯ѨʱͻȻֹκٵʺ
ֵĽǶʮֵϬָκٵĲӡ
κһʱĹЩмܲס
Сûκٸ˵ʱ˾ȳҪ֪κҲǽ𵤽ɣȻǽеĴܰ
Ҳɵˣ૵־Ȼ˵ãѵһֱڰϻ
СϸݵΣͻȻǿ˵ƺ˸ı䣬ȥݣʽ󿪴ϣŮӵᣬЩжİ֮
κΪʧͷѪȻƵĵҩȴҲ˶ԪȻѿеĹͷƱҪǣԪʱʵЩʩչֽš
뵽⣬СԾκٲһԿʧķĿ
𵤳ɣձȴǰӯ࣬ʱ۵ֱۻӶ·˽ɫĳΪ֮
Сɱˣǲţֻǹŵ΢ЦؿС㣬ʮ͵ӡ
ʦͽȻռϷ硣
ֻнʱСŷִɲ⣬ʵչ¶ҲǱɽһǡ˶ʱʽҲԽܣȫö֪Сɿݡ
ʵǲĴУСƺģòٵı仯ֻ˿ķˣζԽԽжɡ
ʱ˵ˣҲԸҪȥףǺαһֱ
˵֮ȴȪʣ˵Īƽ
ֶصʣƺһ˵ϸܵ
ת䣬ͻȻ֣˴޻ȴּˣӿɰã
Сôһ˵üٴ͵ؿһС㣬Ҳͣ˹ƣжһ㸺Ц޹ȻһӾϳ£ı²С˾Ȫ޷ס㣬ǰСˡ
ʱ˿̣Ȼˡ
⸽ˣһ֮ԴҶ׹ӡ
˵ɲ⣬Ȼܸϣٿ˴򶷡
κٽ췣֮ǰһ̽ؿ˷ѾĻΪİ㣿
˵ӦǸ֮ϵҶӵлԼǳɻ֮գȴ°ߣҪЩӣؼҡ
ף»ʱҪһ˿飬Աʾ֮ᷢá
Ҷƾһ鿤ͷסĻǣͬʱ
Ҷ׵ĻСǽؼңҪظ
ʱˮָǣжʱ
͵Ҷ׺Ǹðĳɽ֮ĶԻλҶҪ˾ﻻһ˳͵ȥ
ҶЦһ£޹Ҳǰʮ⣬˴æ²ǳ⡣˵ǰ֪飬ţ
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ҶһۣƺûϵȻϡ޻ꡱȹϵа
һЦĻ˵λ˵òȱ֮ˡҲաҪؼˣλԶ͡
ĻһɴԵɫ˶飬ƽ࣬С㾹ǲصͷ߰ɡ
ϧ˵꣬ͻȻһգ֮ر㿿һػ
Сתͷȥκ΢΢ڵݺݵ
С㱻絶һɣʱ˹
ŷ֣ԼŲ֪з·λҶĻٿˣͬһ㣬
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ҶٴЦܿƵģŮ»ŮȵѪƺӲ䣬ҵǲٿزˡ
κһڽʱ˶ڳճԷ飬ȷ¡
Ҷ׹ӿκ٣ζ벻ҾȻٴ֮ʱΡСˣû뵽ȻеߵǬʱһк֡
⻰һȻ֪κٲӣתʱ顣
κ۾¿ʣǷˣΪҪΪЭȡ˵Ե
Ҷ׿κ٣Ķţ΢ЦŵĴ³ĻȴŶļ̣Ϊ㡭֮䣬ȴһŲߣ
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С㱻κյýġһŮѪҺʶѡ
⻰СͷһҶ״˵Ļѹˡ
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Ҷס֪Ѿʱתݶܣκٴ޾ĺ⡣
ǸκʲôⲻĳԹ
뵽⣬СԸȥ´°ɣ
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Сꡪ֮ǰǳԾƵҶ׹ӣ
ǸϵߵҡҡλεˣһɫͿյɿ֮ɫӵİˡ
⳵ͬϮʱͻȻһ˵ϣʱһ循֣С㡭ҵ
סʱȻܲٿԼ壬ȴҲظоһ˵
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һԵæӣδޡ
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СǱģֱɵá
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ڽһ̣ѪˮðСҲһæԾַסɽͬʱĲ
̴࣬ϢСڵʱ˼£һֱͦͦ˵ϡ
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Сһ£ֽ⿪˳ɽϲƵĲ
⿪¶˵ıĿʱֻ缡⻬Ǳ˵ӣʲô˰̺ۡ
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Ȼֱֱǽүϡ
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Ӳסزʵҵĸҡɱ˸ô㣡˵ʲôɽǼٵģ
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ˣĸСĺ붼ڣõġ


91 
Щңס֣ĺûԸӣȻֲݵһϷ
û˵ֻüһС
Ȼǰ޻鷢Ҷʦǰ
ΪСĳ֣¶ŲԤ֪ķչ
ʱڳɽߵĿѾҡͷɢҵͷס޺·ħ˰㣬ҪС
СҲǱײҾ羪ˣᣬ֪ҡֻ˵пǼٵģԲĲֳ֪ǣӦ٣ôܱ˵һ˵;ˣ
·𱻴ʹٴΰûڵһ˦ͷޡ
ʱͻȻƹڿҰǿöҰݡ
űŵ̱ڵϵҶף֪ʲôʱվһֱƵЦĬؿⳡŮ߱ɱ׵ĲҾ硣
ʱ֮УҶ׳ԣ˿裬ٴ̧ͷ
˻Ǹˣȴٴηı䡣
Ǹ֮µȻӷ·һ㣬ٴγ˵ǰ
ȻǸصĻٴϵҶ׵ϡ
κٻӽָҶףԿʲô
ҶȻЦȴһɿ͸µĮ˵߱ʱ־ѣֻɱⱻԻѬ㹴ʢһЩḸ׵ֵҲ߱ñˡ
˵Ƶᣬⳡױȫ޸ϵ
Сȴһӽǰȫˣ¸Ѳϵ֮ǰǸɽģôϴˣɴʵʵ۷֮ǰദģһˣΪ˹ġ׼İַǵҪ󡣶թ˳ɽȻԴΪڹסݡлɵʱȴү㼤ɱ⣬ⳡ߱Ҿ磡ĿľÿΪ޻ĺϸ
ʦ֮ǰ˵ĺ˼仳оǻ˾Ļǡ
ҶȻڿԡ֮ǰ˵֪硰ޡҲġ
ΪҶһͰźĳ֮գ߱ɱ֮ʱ
ֻŻںޣΪĻ
СķҶȻ΢ЦĿ⾼ش㡭ĺܴ㵽ʲô·β͸ǰ
κٺܲϲ˸СֻûͷûβĻڷƨļѾóѣҪ
Ҷȥκ١ƽֵ޵У񲻹Ƿļһѵκ٣ٲյ˾֮羴η֮
˳ɲ˴վҪȡĵùѹ̫ġ
һУĲУ˵аͰ࣬ŪĸоǺܲ
Ҷ׹ƵЦָʱ̧ͷ˿ʣǶλںޣȤ߱ɱ׸޲磬ؼ䣿Եȥ˾һˡ
˵֮󣬿ϮɽҶ׻֮¶ʱıɫ˴Ŀĺ졣
Щ첼֮ϣ鲼Ѫдµ񶾵䡣֮䣬ΧӽԱ첼ȡ˻ǣһͻȻľ鵶ѪȾѩ׵̴·ɫ
޻ͨ˾Ļ޳ӣѾɣͲһϾȤˣ
ۿκٺʹСҪȥקסҶ̧һӣһӰĽ̽ڵļ˿סǰҡ
ҶӶۣԭʹ޵ͻȻվһ˵ڵϸ׵ʬ壬Ȼ¸ؿڵĽֱֱԼĸȥ
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Ҷһɢ˾ʱӷвҶƮһСֽ˴һžһҶ׵Ķͷ
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СһҶףһߴһߵ֪ģ⼸նסũᣬԵķҲǼ⡢ɽƵĳ㡭ˣǽԵҲǳ㣡
Ҷü˵Щϻ˼
СɴֻæźˣȻ֪ĳɽ㣬ŶŲã
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С㿴ͻȻŻµʱһͻȻ뵽ԷʱԹٶٳԺͳ㣬Ͷǳġ
죬ֻһ˲䣬ͷʶ֮£ƺڼŭʱЩˡ
ǰĳɽĳɽأ
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ɽļٽ׷ʱڵϣС˳ּڵǿˡ
⽣ſݸʱŭеĿûвֻսŽͬʱĵɣ塱˸ؿڡ
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΢ԶĴׯʱ򣬾޴ľͷϮ
κ췣֮ҪһħʱֻҶ״һ֮𶯣ͷŵķҲѿ
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СȻŭǸŭ֮
СҲ̫ˣȻɲɵƬĲλſڳ˶һ١
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츳£һʦ桪ʦϣͽһݣ
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Ȼڻûԭʦö˶˵ģôԽĹݡ
֮󣬴СЩЦãֻ̾˿ǳҵĵụ̀ıŽƭٶǰġôֿãѵʮ˵Ȼ˲ɣλ񣬵Ǹ֤Ǹǣҵģ䲻úá
СԽ˵ԽįҲεĲҿŮ
κ߹һסСļȻǸ˵ˣû±С㣬ڿ˳
Сһ˵һλǿʦͽ˳
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ս㣬ҲЩɲ
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Ҷ׾ٲ֮ǰ̧ͷЦһ£˽粻˵аӥȴӥû뵽ȴиİϷƭˡ
ڷţԼ˲İϷϷŪ˵ʱһʱģȻ
˼٣˽·Σ˽˼䣬ֵЩճ


92 
κٵǰһԨ۾һֱۻ𣬲û䡣
˭룬˽緢Ǭת䡣
Ȼ˴Խ꣬Ťת˶ǰ˵ȵ
ǰԭİ͵ȡκ˳˳ˮһ·ҰܣȻֻ³
κپȻǰ°壬õԼɽǰܷӡڹʯµ
ЦΪ˻ԭκٵ۰Ͱ͵ؽʯ½ֻ֮˷Щˡ
оһκٹǿ󣬱㲼̳ľԨ񣬲ļ֮Ѫ죬ڿĽɷӡԨ۾˼䡣
ʵҲжԨ»ԭĹ켣Ԩһ˼עѺ˴˾֮ϡ
˭ϽҪɹʱȴκʶƣͬһƴ𣬷˾֮š
Ҳ룬ԨΪʹ˭뵽Ѿɢκ٣ȻɷӣŤת½ǬҲú¿֡
ԨҲٴ˾Ѱ˵Ļᡣ
ֻһΣٽȫѺڴ˾ϡΪԭǲԸմȾаġ
ûа취ǧѷĻ֮ףԨԸٴڶմȾԶа޻꣬ѰĻ
ֻ飬ǲҪմȾԶԨʾйʦµĵӲٿء
ǶԨ֣˫£һҪ˾ѰҪҵˡ
Ϊ˵κ٣뵽תǬķӣΪûҪڲ
ģ
˭룬˾ŲǴСκټֿ֮ѡ
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ȻҲ֪ǶʦͽѲǶţȴǳ˸ƿǳԤϡʦͽѶԸ
񵽵ƽܿ졣Ҷף˵ǶԨ۾ԼѪδĶͷ
o֮ʱвɶŭĴɡû뵽ȴ⧲ǴС˵
ȻûѴȴҲˣһʱ䣬꾹Ȼӵܵﶯˡ
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ֻɺޣò䣬ȴ˴˾ؿöĻᡣ
Ǹ۽ǴŮ˵ľͷԨ۾ҧЦ
ǲһûлˣԴӦҵģļȱʧĶ꣬Եҡ
ĵѯʣԨĨ˶ͷѪתͷҴӦģ٣κһѾħȻһЩҲԪӤһ١֮ǰλģһΣȻЩۣҲġϾǷϻһծ
ۿ˿ǰЦˡ
˵ʱиοĵ
ˣͰݵoĽűߣʥա
ȴţΪϵĵ񣬾Ǳǰ˵°ƭ˶꣡
Ԩ۾Ϊ˾֮˽㺦˾˱˴ˣͬʱɹ棬볾޵ȴƭȡ˼ҵĸֲԼȱʧ
˼ֱǱħаĴڣ
ȴգΪλ۾֮ӣΪ֮ӡ
ļҾǵҲϰ㲻ۣļȻƭҲֻܴݻѪ̡
ٵʱ֪Ϥļұƭʱޱŭ
ʱѾǻΪۣһ£ڳа飬˴еĶԨ۾
ҲΪçײŭ񣬵ˮտ಻ԣ׷ָʹ
˸˵ָ㣬޸еĶԨ񣬲իˡ
ҲΪˣڱչڼ䣬ȻӦԨ۾֮ϵ
Ԩ۾һɴȱʾԸļϲѳɡԵǶԨ۾ֲļҵĺ
Զջ˼ıƷϵȨ֮Ǻεȿο
ʹoָ£ѧļԼаͬʱϸܰţҵͽңǿԿ֮ҳӶԵκٵ
֪λɿûô߷ڡ˰ԼǴβԼȥ˾ѰҪҵһ
֮ǰĹ켣λûҵҲ֪Ͼûǰ䣬ֻƾҳ֪ෲ˲֪
֪ԭĹ켣Ԩ۾ûð·ڷ˵ϡ
ϧһͬˡ
Ԩ۾Ҳɻ걻˼䣬Ҳ֪δ
Ԩ۾ǸСǬתȻֻǸı˽磬Ҳ羪硣Ȼ˼䣬˷ȴҲðݵʱҲãһлһҪġ
ǰ⵹κ٣κ˾֮ҷҲɹң˾
κٲ֪ʲôӣͷȻٻȼջɽ׷ס˾֮ǰĹ켣ǰװæµһһ
ȻʱתκٴһأԨ۾˵δǻᡣ
ΪһΣֻңңٿأ·ڷ˵ϰŲ֡
ҪתĻᣬõһֱõġ
뵽⣬Ԩ۾һʱӵܵķ֮á
æ뵽ˡƸٹгɣƺѽڵֻʱ죬ͿΪáڴ֮ǰЩһ⸱ 
Ԩ۾ЦЦû˵ֻתȻȥ
ڵ۾£Ц
ȻļǴӣ̫ϻʡ֮ǰϰ㣬ʹðˡ
ĵĬĬһСϰǵ֮Ȼˣȴ
᲻֪Լ񲻹λ֮ӹõӡ
ҲãҲգ񶼶䷲Ų˽磬Ϣ˼̻
˭˭ǲһأǿ˭һţƵ󡭡
Ҳۣ붴Ԩ۾Աẓ̌˵ЩˣԱ֮Ǳ㻤ųɽسˡ
ѲĳɽЩһֱججȱŮʹһ
ŮҲǽٺȻ˵Ļ
ڵЩɳǣǱɽΪϱþƺд
ֻͬҶףһʧɽ˼ðԼŮŻ£ʱȻŭȥ½ֱԺĹ˹ᣬͼı׹ݡ
ȻǶǾ֮ˣҶײҲǸʢĹߡ
ȴ˵ܰѶôᣬɼҵƷȱʧǺаŮ¶̫࣬ôζԩڸǰǴȾһ
̫֮֮ӵʾ£ɽһ·͵˱µǰ
ռȵİӣΪŭһӣϲ£ű鳭Ҷ׵һҲͨ
˵ˣǸҶ׶ͷӡ𣬴ԼûЩʱպòñҶ׵һʱ䡣Ҳ֪һλ񣬺ò˼һˣҪ⵽µͨԸιӡ
κǰյЩǣʦ˳ɽŮϢ󣬱Ӭһ˶յſڶµˮйͨ
Сվ¥ϣԿſڡ
κٲûмյİͽǡǮӣ׼ЩǷһǲɢѡ
ΪС㵱ҪʲôϻڣҪĴѰЩ׳ĵӣκٵʱ壬ȴ磬˳ֽЩǽͷ˵
ֻϧʱһСģ˸ŮӣȴκڴСǰ̧ͷİѱ
κٷŸ˵ˣЩ˶ùͷϣŪ˸ʲôκپ㽫Щõˣսŵġ
̯ӣҲʰ
ΪڵĿɽߣɲԸ˷ڶƣͽȻͽﶼǺ
££ԼͷӣֳСָЩڵͽǣҲǾʦֵ壬Ӻþۺɢɣ
ЩͽǻǲģֱҪʦκ٣ǷʲôôžҪΪڵͽ
Χǻӻֺãվ˳˵κѾħһħԷͻҿˣǲɢǣҲΪǺáǻ׼ħ̣ħ̵ĵӣ
ڷڵСħ飬ʵҶ֪
ֻλŮƽЦģƽ׽˵úܣħͷף˳ýĿˣħҲ˼˶ⶣ˴
ԼħͷЩҲֵһֻ۱һֻۣħɣѧ汾¾У
ȻܰݵκûħֳţǾ͸ˣ
ȻκѪͳҲǽħҵĳʦ˵ȥͷҲ
ڣȴȻ˵κٳħһ᷸ɱ¾˵һ߲Ҳʹûˡ
ֻҲ˵κٳħҲҪΪʦĻ˻
󲿷ӣ˵ЩҸħƲ족֮ʺ󣬱ˡ
ɺȴһֱִߣһΪʦΪʦѾħҲԸң
Сڸ߸˳ŷɺĵ֮ԣҲжص˵ͷǰɱ㣬ݳ֮ģ㶼Ϊͽ
κ⼸ձֿʼָ䣬֪ΪΣҲ˺ܶࡣ
ʱһкõʦĬһ²ŵС㣬ˣ
СҧϣָָŵĹѣʾҪԣȻԾ㣬ҪһֱŲߣô죿
κٲ־ٲάĻ⣬ɴֽŵСȻ˵յ̫ӵĻţͬʹĲ鿴ż
ҪǸҶ׵ƱҪ̽һļҵλ˾
̫ʱҲڲ﷭˲ٵ鼮ϧ֮ˣżɬѶ̴֣壬Ҳ÷
ãκٺʹСԼѰЩŸס
Сκٵһ˴Ǳ˿֮󣬱뿪
κһǰʱһۣխעĿ
ȻѣȴѾѣǸҶһͶ䣬һ˵ʡ
ֻҶͬκٵɱ͸һΣյѹ
С֪ħϢ
ȣκٲǸħʣϾ˾֮һħЩϽȻͬġ
˾Ͻ֮ڣ൱ɽ
겻֮⣬˾ʵҲɵӰ졣
׵۾䲻񣬸˾йϵ񽥽ΪħҲǺˡ
κѣħȴҰɷҲӯ
Ųߵɺٸκʱȴκٵʱ򣬱бŵɵ
˻Ǹˣǲ֪ΪΣԭӢ˵ȴһ㣬һ˲ֱӵ
ĹκѾС֣ﳤȥ
ȥôµˣǰɢϲٹЦݣֻϸŮʱŻ΢ữ·ıһרע
СֺͺˣǰҲ޹˼ɵǣ֣ƺѹںʦͽ֡
ʦͽǵǶԵ¡
ɺκǣСĴƣͻȻԼļֺ塣Ǹ˴ʼգֻһˣȴӲ
뵽⣬ɺȻһЦٸκǣôЩ˵ʦֵܣֻãȻ߿Ⱥ֪ȥˡ
˵κǣһ·Уܿ͵˾ǻʹ
سȣǵķۡ
ϧڳԺ֮ʱûһ
ȵ˻ʹκٺʹС̫ԷԸϹ̫ƺǻҪ֪ļҵء
Ͼһ̫ϻڰߵ٣Ǳ£̫Ӷ˯ȡ
ҴĹˣȴӲƭ˶꣬вʡ
Ȼֻһ꣬ΪӵܣôĶ󣬴һ
̫ϰ֮֮£ֻܽɸ˴
Ϊǻʼصأ̫˽룬ֻκٺСһڡڹ˵£ǿһţŲȥ
·ʹʱκ̧ͷһۻ£漴ͣס˽ŲС˳Ŀһһۿ˻﹩һгձĵ
̵Ƕʧһ࣬ĶͷϵӡһͼΣǸҶ׶ͷϵһģһ
·Ĺˣκѯλˣ˹ش̫ϻʱԨ۾ʱ̫ϻʺķѾٹ֮֮ľ˵Ҳ飬빬Ժ󣬴ĺˮȥһƬ̩񰲡
κٺС⻰һۡ
λ̫ϻʣþٹ֮Ѱ֮ľԼǼ򵥵ɣ
λԨ۾ͷӡǸҶ׼ֱһģһȻǺ޸ϵ
κеķ֣һСҪҵķ


93 
ʹĵ鼮дǰĹž鼮ֽ鱾⣬ƤһҲʮӡ
̹ٺģѾ鼮űࡣѰ֮˵ĻͶϡ
իСΣѰ˼ںδ֡
κȴŵӣСϯԱ߶˸ѣؿ濴顣
κ鼸ı䣬Ȼʱ΢ָЩħԵɢ磬ֿʼñ仰١
չСճϣҲ֪ǲǹͽٶϰʹȻô΢ġ
Сһʱ⼸ʱʱڴ붨ʱԶĻΡ
ǹں˺Сڷξ
ȻչֻСҲϸ΢ŪСˮ裬СŹϴ裬Ȼڼͷɹë
ʱ˻ڹʯµĺɽޡһһڲãɽ֮۵Ĵ֮ϣȻųؽ
ȻĮԼĵӶÿСദʱ˵ܶࡣ
Сڷ·һ㣬ȥ˵ݹĻףֻǽСԴ˵½·֤˵ħҲ˵
ǰ˸ξǸƬĲ࣬޶¡
Ȼûʲô裬СͻȻԼڵǶСѻλãȦš
ԴôͽܣһֱչһͣҲǶ顣ϴһģκ˽Ǹ˵ܻϴ裬ǱСһķɣûг¡
ܻ֮չˣôСȱʧ˫֮Сѹ޷ֵ
֪ǰǸħͽÿظԼ£ʱһιԼʱС㶼
룬ҪȻɴǰˣ˶ɣѰŮʲôã
ϧ뷨Ҳ
˵ˣκٵħѳɣΨѰ޸񷽷ʦħԣ׹ħ
˽ֶ˸ҶɣһǸκٿӡ
ľУŮˣһСľͻᱻ˼ڻϿ
ҪǣԴǸҶ׶֮κٵĻƺúˡ
֮ƽյɢ͵ɵҲʧ⼸գ˿еʱ䣬ҲС֣һʱ侲޴ֻ̬ȣԭ־ɵӦеģκǰû
СִǸ˪Ĺ׵۾ƺֻˡ
ͺñڣԱߣӢˣƺΰߴࡣ
ⲢǴκԴԺ˶ħķѸٷչ
ֻǰ۲ͬκٵòδ䣬ֳЩҲüϬȥӸߴѹȸС
˵ʦȻѣ޷ٳȴѾ˳ħǱܣ˵Ҳὥ仯
İ֮УСЩ㷲ʱضŪĽٶ
뵽⣬վ̲סߵ˵ıס
˵ˣϴůϢʱܿ϶Լŵ¶ȵˡ
С㰵ħļһͻȻ飬һ㣬ͻȻԼˣҲӦøе档
ֻյǰԼӦЩ׼񵱳ɽȻʧǡ
뵽⣬ͻȻԼʧ̬κٷ飬Ͻ׼ѻȥĹż
ɻûվֱӣͱκһ뻳С
Ũŭ𣬺ݺݵصС㣬ȻС㻹ûÿ˵ǰͻȻͷȻޱӣ
⼸ձóĬʱȴô𣬷·˲佫ڻڿʵĻС
ԴͷԵǽκٵ㷽šǲҪ뿪ң
ħ֮СڵǿħӦǿҡ
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ڷţСȻԼּҪ֮Уһκٵĺ󾱺ëըȻֻһѾͽСקԼĻС
һ̣Ǻ޲ýԼѪٲ뿪
Сκܸ֪鲨ķӦҲЩЦá
ƭӳ߻ϷǰȴΡ
ȻˣҲѸοСʵʵ뿪㣬һֻ᲻ҪңҲϣǰո˵Ļͱúˡ
κٵı仯ʮԣСҪҲԲá
κŨڣͷסС㣬Ůĳ޳Ϊұˣˣ
γ֪Լű仯ÿգҲΪԼɢİϢľ
˵ǰħ֮ʮڷΪͻͽһǧ
κǹƨΪΪ㣬ɹ˳ȻûʮڷܵĿ
ԭţȻѧ޶۵ˣܲ׾ĵ·
ֱκħ֮ŷ֣ΨвԼ̨֮ڵħԿ⡣
ͺñһͷƵ㲻òʱ̾衣˴ޣøǿ󣬱·Ȼյɢʱ̿ħ
ԸΥ̨֮ľ£ħҲˮǴߡ
뿪գƤҩƵɺ֮󣬶ŵˣֱԼ˵Լħˡ
СҲԼҲпԭ
뵽СҲɺԼЫκٵͻȻй˵Ŀ꣬ҲɲҪƷ
ɾʱһϸϸıԼĲϣСͦǣװͰ͵ôҸּңʦˣˣڳһװͰ͵ӣҪŻ˭
ߴ˱ﱧŵĽСŮűӣʧжš
κĽ꣬Ȼ漣رСèװͰ͸ƽˡ
ǰִѹӶħͬһκȻħȴħӱǴС㡣
ħǰƻ߶ʹĥħɢ
ÿС¶ЩʱκٵħͻԿصӶԿء
Сһ˫ˮĵؿ۶ʱвɿصĽȫһɨգȡ֮һƺ޷
һ̣Сֱת˶κٰϯ֮ϣȻԱİϣȴǯסƽѹ¡
˽κƵǾٶӴЩ͡
СԪ𣬻û޲Щˡ
κٱаȵĳ࣬˼ħ֮󣬸ջˡ
˿ϣǼǧΪֵܵ
ֻС㱻ʱһ˿ʱߴ󣬵ڣ⻹վʱŴĹˣأ׼ڹ͢ʷһỊ̃
Сһ߱˳Ŷһ߻۽ǺʪȵᣬȰοͽҪٺ֡
ٶԣȥŪ
ޣȰοӣ˵ʲô֮ʣ
κҲ֪ʹ󲢷֮׵յָ㣬΢΢Ĺ˱ǵûŮˡ
Сƺʶѣκֱؿŷ
κʣôˣ
ϯϵСָָϷݶ˵㿴ͼͷӡ
κתͷȥɲǣڸ߸ߵ룬Ǹͷӡһģһͼ
ֻݶϵ࣬Сۼ⣬Ա
κ˷֮ϣ̧ͷȴֿͼ֮£һз϶ľ壬Կľжĺۼ
κһᣬ㷢ڷ϶֮иԲĻأľ˱ǵĳ»¡ۿһľϻӴӰСýסˡ
˽ʱһƤ
ϽչƺǴһλµġ
һΪƭ˹˵İɥ֮顣
κǹƽȻûʲôڵˡ
Щ˵ܣλȵȴдݼ
С㷽ŷ˲־λ»ʵʱ޹˴
᲻ҲǷƤ֪ءΪϻܣǸԼǿַ˻ȥԱ֣ܾʹû
ǰûʲô⣬ĸǽĹ»һȴἰ˵λ˽һЩԵɡ
ԭϹħս޶ʱλսԺա
ʱλ񣬲δܷ⡣
˹Ԩ֮⣬һλ˷Ů
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Ȼ֮ʱԨȰ棬¾ħǣŮٽԲϷŹʹ˷µɱ¾̫ʢþ췣ϴ
˵ν췣ȻҪЩͷҲһʽֻҪȫ׼Ҫõ޵ģҲûʲô⡣
ƫƫŮȴǰ
ǡŮոո飬ˣһ١
δܵǰ׽٣ʹ˻׹˾˾ӵϴɱ¾ſֻ
Ȼ֪ΪΣһĨƺȻû϶ۣԳӵףٳûת
֮λܷ⣬׵۾ɽ˾֮ӶԨִܷͥɷ͡
˵λԨ۾һֱŮдԶ˽Ϊ¡
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鼱֮£ȥظҹ׵۾Ѱˡ
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ϵҲ֮ʣ֪е飬֪Լƭҡ
κٿС㣺ǸҶɷѿģҪ˾֮ţȥ˾ѰҵĻ᲻λŮ
СúܿܡȻǸҶҪü޻֮˵ҪѰǸ˾Ļ顣
ⱾƤ˵ˣλŮתΪˣӵףǸϡ
߳ؾʱѾɫ΢Ϊ֮ʿڹ¹ҹǱǻˡ
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Сôһ˵Сȴ̲סҡͷһЦᲱϴҰӣС㣺ôѵҺδ˵ˣ
СһˮһߵҴСڽͷ󣬿˿ûǰֹۡҿƤʱֻáм䶼ǴĿĵıơ
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СλΪɱ磬ⶼҪմȾѪλУλԨ۾Ĵ⣬λûաұΪ׵۾˭Ըȥ˾ֱ˼䣬Ѿҵˡû뵽һλŮܵʬ޴棬ó³ԳӣԸתŮ鰮ҿһСıٲģ
СôһͣҲһ
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һ֮󣬲˻ɣλŮ᲻λԨ۾Ҳǣ
һԨ۾ѰٵĳҲԵôۿۡ
Сָ½һ̧֮ͷʱڴԡ
Ϊ壬Ŀܶɽٷһɡ
ڿҲܱܿзŵİѡûдһȥǳŲסʱ䣬գ۵ĹҪƸ·һ˾ֻص
뵽⣬˼ûʲôõġгк棬С̲סڸʦҩϴõĹӵݸȻСʣƹӣǲܳɣ㵱ιһ
⣬ֳɵĴ𰸣̧ͷ˿¶ƥĲɣ΢ЦԼѰһɽռͽܣϾʱβˣûԵڳ
Ϊ壬֮ϲУƹȻֻƽȴһֿĵȻͺ񡭡Ƶġ
ͷģֻ͵͵ʦ涼ңϲˣΪͽĻϣһȼУܺùһ˹µįͽٺãܰҹı˵𣿡
ӣУôûһϯ֮أǺʺڱģȻҪ죬ҲԸЩġ
һʱ䣬СնǺģǿƹӵȴһֱûжôȱţ
ʵϰɽҰĴ󵨱ˡϾǰʱ򣬸ʶˡ
ֻʱС鱼Ŷħκ١ֻһԾһ仨⣬ˮ飬СһĵһͷȵطԼУ󣬾Ϊ˾κٶҲ
ﰡͲմȾ鰮
뵽⣬̲סһ¡ипؿٵ㻯һ¡
оҲţҪȻԵһԣ


94 
˵ţó˹ǺͭǮ
ֻƹڸǲƣЦؽͭҷڹҡҡڰͼϸ
˿ͻȻüͷ꣬Ĳϴߴ£ſ㿴öͭǮڵعϡ˻ζ·ⶣҪŨʱһ𡭡һȰǾ£˼ڡ顯Ϻķ̫࡭·עл޹Ǳ棬ճ
ԭЦģɵȫɵˡ
ƹ˵ʲô˼ԵίظʾŮΪޣ
ûô۸˵ģһʱС۾һӿỨ
СʵҲڲԶţһʣ˼Щˣ
ĸεƭǮ绨СҲûôݵİ
ϲˣôһӶе·
飬ϰֱ̫Υˣ
ѵΪȫµĺˣʦͽˣ
κˣ͵Сǵмˣ
˵һգСٴȻ򣬲Ȧתתĺĺأ
ǰСϽԲӣһѶǹǺͭ壬һҡһЦ˵˵鲻鰡ԣ
˵꣬ҡҡǣٷסȻ˹ǣͭ˰ͼϡ
ҲǸˣСͭĵطȻŵ÷ֺǵعѹŻˡ
£ͣСԼҲɵһЦҲʮһһ׼ҵ·Ҳע޻޹ڳ
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СҲеȻôһģһòڰ·˴ɣ
ǽͷʿеİϷҪ󼪴׵
λﶼĬĬע׼ΪҪİϷ
ûλĹ֣һ췣֮Ѿžײƴؽ˿ҵϡá
ٲƭ˵̯ӣ͵Լôģκ˦֮ĪҪŻС
ŻҲͰˣСǹ˵ġ
ָСʲôʶĹͽøδʦٳɪ
ôӣǱɱͽ֤
ʦǰĹͽЦŸϽ̯ӣ˵ԼѧղⶫǺŪ˵ġ
תʱȴɫһ
ռѾõúܴˣҲӳֹģжϼһǲдġ
Ůռ·ȻһҲʼδġ
תͷʦЦȻС㣬ľһֱڲ³
ʦҪؽѣСκһ·оնǶȹѡ
һʲô֪ϾǰκپǲһţͽС
ԸɡԸǲ׼ġ
˵κ֪Ҷ׺пϴͷԨ֮󣬱С׼ǰβɽ
ȥβɽԭܼ򵥣Ϊ˾ĺ²֡
ŶԨһ·ҶϣҲҪ˾ִţμ޻ʧ֮һ취ŤתǬ
ҶҲ֪˴С㵹תܣôһ취ǰβɽõ񣬽תǬ
Աƶ˵֮ǰŪ񣬲ſһʧ
ȷĿ֮һ˱㿪ʼǰβɽ
աɽ˵βɽ֮⣬ˮ֮һڵأںڿյ֮ɽ
Ҳ˵㵽˵طǻԵҲɽ
һ·ǰУǿŮǰݣ֮
ȥϸϸһʲ֪ԭĶԨ۾񶼷˶ͷѪ
ŵЩĹ˻ɢֱĩ֮˵飬Ѹ˻ֻ֡
һʱص÷ҹͣ档
ĸزɺһģǵصĹԱ³Űչݡ
һ·Ļ̻̣С㲻ЩʧЦ
֪ЩǣðѪǱը˵Եʣϵİǻ᲻ųͷ
ɴ˿ɼϵĲһĴȱҲǵòȻ֮
˼𣬰ɸɵȴһǹĺ¡
ֻһһ·ϵǲԺȣֻҹʱȡˡ
С㰸ͷ͹Ϲʱ򣬻Ƕͷ˸ĶԨ۾ӻ֣˼ռĹæˣӦûʱԺȰɣлңҾͰˣ
˵⻰ʱ΢΢Цýɰ͸ʮԣ˵úܡ
ʱһڱĿҶͻȻҲǳһЦС㣬ǵ˱ԣȻǰȻƣ
ʱżڵĵ˽Ҷ׵ɳȥ˻ر˵Сκǰƺķˡ
ʵҶϵĶԨҲСǵг̡򡭡ǴԼҪȥȥˡ
κٺʹС㵹ǲܻˣһͲ֪ӡ
ϾмдӶԽ֮ˣȻǾԼȻ޿ˣ
ԨһЦ̫ķһ˵Ķ򣬶ʵ˵Ǹںδ
ĸûҵѪѾǹӲдֻõħܾҪõħ飬ƱҪڴСϵõһǸ͵͵ŴСһء
Ԩ⣬΢΢ЦЦ۾˵βɽúְ
˵ֱ֮۾Σ㲻ٴޣ˳
ֻʣ¶Ԩһ˵ʱ۾˴
ʱǻļڣʱ򣬱ǰóһʢ
ԴС˵⻨Ϊ˼ޣʵ⻰˵ð١
Ƿɼٵǣ˼֮ȴޡ
ڷƮΣԨƣóһĨӰӰߣŵ⣬˰ա
Ǹ׵Ůӣ֫޳ǳ䡣񳤹ʱ˳ֱ۳˾ݶµĲŲ˧Ʋۡ
һ磬ǹӰƮ˴Ļ֮£һĽ׻ΪƮݵİɫȹڷ磬ãģЦժǶĻȴǽ˧һġ
Ԩ۾վտһĨӰ
߸ΨһŮԼΪսӣƺգҲ
Ϊ֮ӵĶԨ׾ܲŮ֮ģŮҲ⡣ȻĳãԼƣŮ˺Ӳá
Ԩһֱ־ȡİȻУڶŮ֮
˵ֹһɲĶǧʱ÷ζ
ûλŮɶ£˴˵Ϊ
ʱ緢֮䣬Ƕôҫ۵Ĵڣ̫Ĵӵӣûע⵽֪ʱʼ˵롣
׿ڳϣԼٰʱԨķӦֻһЦ⡣
ɵĻģĿⲻͣʱԨƽһθоʲôĻŵ÷ۡ
ͻȻ֣Լȫܲ˫ﾹȻ˵ʵ
Ϊˣʩıħ¾壬Ȼ壬Լϴ顣
Ҳֱʱ֪ǰһ˳ŮӣĳӲжôᣬԼҲ顭
ʱѾ֪۽ħǱĵһϣ󷣵ʱȴһﲻѹûб粵ǵǶԨ¡
ºίʾһУһס
ȴǵȻˣΪҲÿǷ顣ǷʥŮ飬һҲӦõġ췣һ˵ֻ񣬲޴󰭡;ʢձΪ۾˵ȥˣʥŮΪѡ
ֵôƽԸʱҲϴͷϣЩͷŻᶮĺãٻصߡ
ʱֻţҲá˰ֻڵ΢ʱŲô̰ģҪһһһ˫ˡ
ʱӰ΢΢ˣǰʱһǱȥٿһ档
˭췣ͻȻʱ٣Ļ龹Ȼ˾Ҳϸ𡭡
ʱӰʱǰ㣬Ȼתȥ
ǼڶԨǰεľÿοʱĥԼ޾ûڡǸʱס֣һȥǲǾͲڵź
Ժ󣬾ߴӵŮٶ࣬һǶһ޶ҲոһյĵظвȻʵԼ⣬ʲôҪ
ʱҪ뿪ԨϽҪסֱۣǾס˲䣬ǹӰͬɫɰת˲ɢӰ
Ԩ̲סʹŨü˷˵ϣ˼ʹƺҲӱϮ
㵽  ϧһֻصңȴӦ
ӿͷ˿ڴֿʼѪԨŬƽԼϢƽ
Ȼ²֣Ҳ޻ᡣ
ܵ췣ʱǡþ˽磬Ȼˣ͹ػصǰ
ֻҪõǸ񣬾ͿСһ㵹תǬصȥǸʱֺαظκֻ֮صźʱ̣סͺá
뵽⣬ֺͻر۾һҪõСź
˵Сǧıϡ
βɽ֮⣬ǲȷĵص㣬Упܻûҵȵ뺣С
Գ֮ǰ͵Ѱһ׵ĺ
ϧļҵֳһǮӣЩǲɢĵǣһǿ㶵ɾ
СκûƱˣκٻشʱ򣬾Щ˵ܣУȫյˡ
Сɵۣתͷ˵ͷһʦʱƱľʵǳܼͽʦľģҲͲᱻ񵢸飬Ϊܸһ¥
ȻΪôʦƨǵǷ켫ֱ⡣
Ⱥ֮ԣС˲ԼͬؿڣĬĬһᡪôƱӣѼӣнӣ
ݵС㣬и߼ܼӷ˼ҡȻĻǻϲڵĽɽɽҲñǸܹˣ
СʾĻеϲڵŹһǲϧǮߣʦẓ̌
ôֻҪӰϣʱСɽȥҸôǮҲѲ˶٣ʣЩİɣ
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ű˴˶˶ʣ츻ŷּԺ󣬱԰ܹ˼Ҳժӵˡ
κپĸȥǮҲȻЩˡ
ʱǰһָָԶĸʾǿҪȥϬ㣬ϴ˵һݹǮأ
˵䣬Ѿ洬ϡ洬ȣǾ޴һܳ˷˵ĺô
ֻ⴬һ󣬳ĴͲãּųž͵ļһ㴬ļɻ䶼ˣŮҲա
ɾôҲӦ
Сǻһк˶ʱ˵Ĺ۾һ̑@ڵҲҲµģֻҪϴܳԹܺȣÿջһǮˣôǼλҪҪһ£
Сϸ˿£ӣЦ˵λŲǿģôҪأ
ЩƤ𪣬һûܹ紵ӡ
ǹɫе´ŴС㣬ﰵȻƧ歾ɫ
¶ЦЦҼҪȥϬһ洫ıԲҪǻݴҸǵĹǮ
Ļڼ˵һ
ҷͬԵ㷷Ĺˣ⴬ѾжΣػضǸ߼ļ֮ǰϴĴȫţдļʣǾ˵ЩϬԽˣùܻмţҪȥٵģǼҾؼҵ·Ͼ﹡ˤ˲ӡ˶֪ڴƭҲЩ̰Ƶˣ 
ԭκٺС㻹ȷҪҪһͬãǾ
˵ֻ࿴˿ԷһЦ
ħĶλЦöЩƣ̲ס˸飬һһ亹
С˼ʵҲܺ⡣Ǵмδ֪˺˼ҵĴһ˴ֻͲˡ
˷ӵĴǾݹڳԺڣŪһˣٿܲѰЩʧٴ䣬˳Ѱصβɽһٶã


95 
˵ǹ£⼸ò׵ŮŮͬ͹׼ϴȻϲ⡣
ƺǼڣǹ´æļˣ㿪ʼ׼ˡ
˴ʱСڼ˴ˡ
λʮ꣬ȥɣֻߵļūȴһ˿⣬ϵĽϢŨɲһ˵ۡ
﷫𺽵ʱС㼫ĿԶԼ󻹲Զظһ
Ŀ̫ãһӾͿ˴ƸؼҸӡ
С˵κʱκٵĿýǰӲգȴһ·β棬ĴòӡֻɫȻڶµһڣǶûʲôӵĲſˣ
СںܻᰲĴħͷæɵ˲ΪĹףµһ
ƨĵѨλκٵɫ΢Щ뵽ԼΪȻģظС飬κһ
ҪӦС㣬Ҫħԣ㶯ɱ䣬˿ҪĴϣŪǸʦĶ
СҲ˸̫˸ܿվ磬ǵĴùĹĵģһ·ǰУܿͽؼҸӵǴ˦ԶԶġ
˵Ǵϵļ׳Ҷߺм˳ҡʱȴһ紵⴬һɵǰˡ
Ҳһƣý˳ʱ䣬ǷҲ̫£˳ǰеķ
Щ׳һǲٲź⣬תͷʼĥϴλС
Ǽ˾ЩܿˡһֱɽҰУûϴ
Ⲩ䣬εúԴΣеĺ˶ʼװϣź˴¡
ǼմΣֻЦһߵĹµЩ˳Ҳ׳ʵ㲻¡ΪףһỹҪǵʳЩҩú֦ڣ˵طڵϾˡ
Ȼ£ǺأһӾǴĻ
ƹ˵û⴬һڴ
˵ǹ£˴ķԸ㽫Ŀת˴СˮСתͷļ׳Ը˼䡣
ôõŮ˿ɲȴһӳ۵߬ˮСƤǲú棬ǰװĴ
ۿǼµ߻صӣҲЩȲǵķʳɺҩ׼ȽСŪķ
ŮˣȻŲȤЩ׳ֵˣһɱԽ޶ûطЩȤҶ󡭡
ǹºͼֵĺӻЦŵһ󣬱ԴСλҪҪȥµķϢһ£ǵĴִһ죬ЩȤ¶׼ɢ˾񣬲δ
˵⻰ʱһӣһ֪ǵҪʲô¡
ûκٱŭ֣ոջȴŵ˵еٲЩɢ¾൨Ҫ³ˣУҪȥǼ䷿
˵⻰קȹڼҴµķϡ
Щ׳ǻûôŮӣһʱԣҲ˲קС㣬׷ҪڹµǰЩ޵ġ
ɾһ̣µķȴ˾춯صĹǺ
ţֻӶûüקϵֹ£ŵ۾ףţְ֣
ţͿֳβһֻѩ״ڴ˳
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ʱĴүҲɵˣæµЩõ
Щ׳ôһҲѹǻ׷׳鵶Ϯβ׺
ϧЩκһ⹻ԡ
δУҰ޲ԵֱʱȻ˴롣ֻβءһ󣬱͵سЩ׳ؿץȥһʱЩ˱ץѪģʹధ
׺ˡצϵѪͻȻϲڵѽԭѪֹµЧҲԣ
ţǹº׳ǾǼŻµֱǣͻȻһΪɫ꣬͵سϮ
ģһʲôණ
Щ˻ûƣͱǷ˺ҧһܿѪģ
СϾ˴װϣκߣͷΪڵʹ۵⡣
Сһ߿Ⱥ׷ҧĺϷһսӹһվƣȼľϣƮҡȫһŮļơ
űһֻںקĴүƵصԼѡǸҺúý⴬ŵǹȥιꣿ
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ûӣɴѺԼ䣬õ׶졣
ɽˮ֮ʱǸׯûнҲԶ
ʱλϵĶͽɵۣΪҪԾ˼
û뵽ׯȴٺһЦʾ̲֮һЩܻʮЩܹٳ١
ǻ̫ܵĿֵҲôʮꡣ乶ӲдʵػţЩȵǰٻ
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ķׯĵһдֺֽӣǰԼѺд
һӶͽԼϾȻֻдʮ꣬ɵÿЦʾԼͶʮˣ޲ǿôܻô
аǮʹ˽ʣһȫѺˡҲǲ̫棬ǾܵضѺûЩǮ
⴬ҲǲŹģԼ·ʮԼʮҲһѺ˶ʮġ
ĵ˴ǮӶͽȻⱾǮӮһ̷֣رˡ
ɾЦǮʱͻȻһֱ㶵صˡӣ˶ɵˣ֪Ѻֽϵ·ġ
ЩѺú˵ģʱŵòٶģֱҪ˻Ǯׯȴ˵Ѻ֮ﲻ˻ѾѺؽԼµһʱɡ
ʱ˶ҪǾһգ۵Ĺ춼ʧǷ׷ˮУʴֻ˵ñ˵Ѻ
ʱ˲ŻȻ򣬹ֲýϵþʧˡ
ԭǽƭġ
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ˣҲѧˣƭЩĴϴ˵ǵȥ
ֻǶǸÿó·¿һһ㡣
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С£ͻȻһ˵Ҽǵؼдκٲβɽ˴ģӮ˵Ǹͽ᲻βɽЩϵ
˵ҵʱûиʦһͬǰҲº˵ġʦʱ٣Ҳû˵еϸڡ
Сͷʾ⣬ΪκҲ˸С㻰Щ⣬˶ǰġ
ʱѾָΣ۵ý̱ϡ
ͷ󺹵ӣҲЩ۵˲ЩƤģûۣ
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ţŴǰȥֻԭãĺϣ֪ʲôʱͻȻһƬгһƬ
Ѿ˵ϵͷ»ŮһǳЦӯӯӭ¿ϵ
Ϊ׵ŮӿԳЩЦȻӭˣֻûпˣ㿪ʣ֪үںδ
С΢Цүδ˯һ´ϵ棬֪γƺ
Ů´ŷһˣЦСŮǵĹܼңǽҸӱáȻˣλϵɢɡ
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Сۼ⣬һӿһӡ
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һӸֻ߰ڰκΪʦʱ踺ع˭뵽һأȻǰҪ
뵽⣬һ£ʦ֣֪ǶϣҲã罫ңҸһɣ
ϱӣΪϥκٹ¡û뵽ⱲΪ˾ȸһҪˣ⡭ѵ޷ѵ
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Ůں亣ڣѹ֪еΣ󣬷ȿ֪
ȴȻһЦͿޢ޺˳ָĴ΢΢һתľͳһӡ
ӳֳɫΧתȻһħ顣
λһţǲҪĶ
һŸСУûֱӵҪʲô
ΪʲôһӲ³Ҫľħأ
ǫ̈̄Ϊ֮Ǹĵİʲô·Ȼ޲ʵһħ飿
ʱЦؼ˵ħǰŮʾħʱħǳڵһšǳɱǰۿŮڵħ屻¾治ϴħԲ ΪԹᣬվ˭ôض绢


96 
ڸ˵ʱоٵǿٴηҫ۵Ĺ⣬Ļһ޲ΪԼá
ת䣬ؼҸ㲻ԼͬŸӷ˹ȥҪӡ
ϧӽһӣӾʧˡ
غز֣סĲӣҲǳǳһЦūҲڵµģһүŪūңҲ޲
ĵغصĶԻصŵŮȴͻȻʧعʱȴĻϣЦȻ˵ƽ⣬ܿλҪĶֻҪǸ㹻Ĵۣټһˣ³ˣ
˵꣬һЦʧֻܻصλԼǿλִⲻ϶ô뵺
˸ӴޱȲв֮ǲģǻסǲɣ
κȴܣһῪڵߣǻͷ
ͷȥʱ򣬲
ͷͣϵֻǴͻȻ˴תѾȥһˡ
ԭ´ʱǼϰ˵ִⲻ´Լһõ
ŴС´Ĺ򣬼ϰ͹µɴ಻ҪǶʮˣϾֻܹʮ꣬Ҳڵǿ
û뵽Ǹ͵͵ͷǴͻȻһ׾ȻͻȻʼðˮˮС
ϵļϰԼЩײײӴܳȴϵͱˮϯཱུسˮȥˡ
СҪˮקҲУڵͺˮ֮ƺһεĽ֮ǽκپ췣֮ҲЧ
λӵĻģϵһ֮ˣҲ뿪⵺ˡ
ƺҲֻ˶˲뿪
κٿ˿̣С˵ߣȥǵĶķʲôŵ
ϵĶķڵĵǸϵƺеƻͨĴС
ССڽͷ常ɹƭҲڶķſڶطɫɫĶͽױЩˡ
һ⣬ڶĳʱﶼſ̬ܶĹ⡣
ٴˣһմȾ񫣬ͻУ·ڱҲò֡
ʱҲˣڸɫǰ۾ؿƾţҡɸӣҪô˷ܵشߺȣҪȻǰɥץ½ͷ
ſڿһᣬκٵС㣺㿴ʲô𣿡
Сǵĺ󱳡ƺʲô
СۣЩմȾħĶøʮʱȻƻͨЩȼֱ۴ֵɢĶЩʬһĵζζŨصζǱС㲶׽ˡ
ЩĵŨˣǵĺ϶ſŸЩЩͽĶ䣬ƺ˵Щʲô
Щͽڱ˵ʱ۾ɵøԲȫǲ̬ķ񣺡һҪٲһ̣һѿ϶תˣ
һ˵һ߷ͿԼڴûǮ˵ˣڶķŮĽծϴһӣѺԼüȥʱ
һЩǸСǲʱ´ˣʱǸո˶󱳻û
Ѿݹ᾵ЦŶǵĽűߣسЩ¿˵
С㿴õһǶķǸŨصģ¹Ƶķ
ʱСͻȻ뵽ʲôתͷȥҪԼǲҲŹƻ˵ġĹ
û뵽мԶԶؼһԽüŪ۵صء
⼸ҲҪǵȴ֪ΪԶԶرܿˡ
κħ֮ҲͨħۣȻҲܿЩȻٲЩȥֻǵʱЩȻʧ룬ӡ
СƺûĹЧ΢΢ʱЩ·ŵʲô⣬һ˷ܵñɿһͣҪСӡ
Ҳѹ֣СǶĺ壬ƽʱɼЩҲʶȻҪС
ǿκһѽС§ԼĻУЩ
Сκٱʾⲻ̫ƽ˶ħ֮ƾʲôκ٣
κҲ֪С²⣬κ˾֮ȻѣȴҲЩ
˾ħӦǴô𵴲Ʒ˾ظ֤
Щбϵ˾֮ϣκٴʱͳߵĻ
Ҳκ٣һʱ
ʱǸĵĸٴγˣֻĿֱشκ٣ϵЦҲЩ̽ʸ¡ʲôˣ
κٴ̰ܿȴʲôˣ⵺ϵͨҲˡ㼫ߥľ֣ǵģ
ЩǵġĹϲǵκٵҪϵħʲô˵
ԣٴλָЦȻģֳһſյһָλݲͬ죬ȻΪ飬
˵⻰ʱתͷһЦʲôƵգͷĹҲǳ˫ɶԵϵ
С˳ĿһԭȺУһûб
ֻλӴɴñȴǻȲףһƮƮʡ
λԼҲʱСߵƣһӾͲ³ݣҶף
һЦֽҿñС˵޹Ǻ
ǱԨɸҶס֮ǰȻ΢΢𣬿廤壬HȻҲϲ
ʾҶҲʱҶָָǻϸӣǶλҲɡ
ʱؼҸӵѾʼˣȥǺܿͻϣ⵺ԼһС
ӿλҶӼ֣ҲֻЦŽǸҲ¡
һһħѹа
ؼҸһ˲䣬ͻȻһӯ˲٣˳˺ܶࡣ
ҲѰˣȻ֮ǰûвʱһȻҲ˵ˣ
ŵصӵˣЩ㲻ʲô״
Ҷ׹º͵ظعӴ˴к򵥸˵Ǹ֮ǰˡ
ԨҶףǴһȻʣ׸ٷ˵ġ
ȻҲʴ򶯣ټǸģ̶λҶ׹޾ĺøС
С֪Ҷ׵ĵӡǰλҲ޾ĺøУһӱƭ˾һ˶ۡ
Ҷ׹ͻȻˑ@ڣǷǼ鼴СƶλعӾ㲻⵺ڿ㣬Ҳ뱻ƭҵԶˡ
Ȼ޹ֱ۴ֵǵ𾢶ɢԻ˵ζ
С̧ͷǼϨȻ˼Ż𣬸Թ
ʬζɢСӦø˴һкЦʣһ䣬ĶķҲԨģ̵Щ󰡣
Ҷ΢΢һЦС㷢ԼʵǶԨࡣ
ϾʱĶԨиӦܲ˵ġ
˵Цˡҵϣҵĵ̣һҾܸӺúдλˡ
ҶײϣǶԨԼǵСûȫš
ڼԨ֮ǰСΪϵɶӦǱ࣬ƷвŶԡ
ǱԨƭ֮ŷϵɣƷߴڡ
κһʱҲԴЩʡ
κȴΪȻЦһ£ɵЩʿɲʥˣɱʦ֤ߴڣôָЩ˷ͳ˹ʥˣǲѹסջȫԸˡԼƵӲݵ֮ˣָƣ
Сκ˵ЩȻʮֵе
οԨ֮඼ؾܣĺӣӳһ𣬾ͱзɵҪԽֹһͷ
ʹˣҲЩʶɵĻǲɾţⶴԨѶݸİ
һԵԣͫȴ͵һĹӾԨ
ڶԨ۾ƽаħĴ˵֮˶ġ
УһԨ۾һ˾֮׵۾֮
½߿׵۾־һЩϾǶ֮ӣ׵۾һһ֮޵÷
ɽ绹һ˵Ǿǹ׵۾ΪӶԨ֮ϣֻʥŮӣ׵۾Ԩܹȥ˾פء
ȻⶼӰϾŶԨ۾ȴ˹˾֮
ô׵۾Ѿʧãˡ
뵽⣬ٿҶ׹ӣȻͷӡ﹩һģһٲҪٴβлԼŵİġ
ҶЦеԶٸΪǱ̨Ʊ壬ôԹۣ
СԹֻۣǾҶͻȻôãõЩ˺ë
Щעλƭûġ
΢˸ͷشϣСûأþ
ˣСֻԼ⡣
˵ˣʲô˲õôţ
ÿջκҲǲ۲۵أʲôϡģ
ǲ֪֪κپ˾֮׵۾֪ܲάɾ⣬κҲ˱ϹϾ
ˣϵˣһӱμȻվҶһˡ
Ϊĸ΢Цſһӵħζڱ𴦣ԵҪΪλϧ⵺ħӵڣλҪõҪĶ͵ѺԼİĶԸķ䣬ƾ
κٿŸӣ֪Ҫʲô
΢ЦٴģϳһʽСڶǰҵǼһģһ
⸣ӾͺܶϤһ㣬˵һӲ³Ҫġ
ƺҶ׺κٵ񶼲̫ƣƺҪȥ
΢ЦϹŴˮϢġΪǷ֮Բܵ𶯡ֻҪλԳһ˿ͨ⺣ͻӦ³뺣֮ǰعӸӶ֣ѾõΧ𵴣һҴ뺣ˡҵĻλף
ӵ˼ܼ򵥣ҲãħҲգǲ֣ܶȻַú³
ǴΣڷ֮Զ뺣УҲԻǰ·۵õºȥι㣡
ĶǴˣ˸⻰˭ûֻǸԽ̽
С㵥ԼβûҶ׵Ļ˵ﲻ㾭Ӫ֪λӵ
ҶȻĪЦų°ͷС㣺޹ҸһҲǵһ֪ʲôȥͽܣӦǵڶεǵˡ
Сָ֪κ١ȻڸӵôǰκӦҲѰ
ǰκٿɲǵڶεǵ𣿿ϧԵһεǵһ֪ȥҲǰȥһ
ȻҶûش𣬲֪ΪΣСӵǲƣƺ͸صɱ⡭
Ҷ׶غһ֪
Сʣ⣬ҲΪõ񣿡
ҶЦЦ޹֪ˣóɽ͢ڵӻͨϣõǣ޴Ҳֻܳһˡ̾ʵֵղأ˼һˣܵôЩȥ
˵һȦĻС˵ͷʾˣҶ׾ǳתʱյġ
ԨȻԴ˾֮ôִţ²ٳֺһҪ취תʱգڱصã
ȻҲֿ֪ȣЦֻһҪλı£˭ʱӮˡ
˵ţӾóһƾš
СתͷСԼˣ˭ƾţ
κٿҴĵġ
Ⱥɴ۾ʣǶô棿Сһɣ
СЦһ£ȻǰǽͷŮ죬ǶƭǮһ㣬ĲһģҲᡣ
С㿴˶Ҷ׺ǣλһλϵ̥ɣһλǵڼ˾ӵٸȻҲܻƾˣ
һ֮£ȻһʱƴӶᣡ
ӵǲ⣬Ҫǽ淨
Сȴתת飬͵κ٣Ҫ˶ģѡʲô淨
ǰκٵħƢûʲôķӸѧʲôƾš
Сκٵ˽⣬һظı˰ĵ
ǲµһǿʲôӮģһӭж⣿
κٹȻûĸѧһ֣㽫ƾɨڵأֱϵӵҲǧַӣαŪôӡҡӲ´СҲʡ˱˴˵ʱ䡣
ԣƺЩΪѡ
СʹκٵķӣҲǻȻǶģҪƽƾ¡Ӽˣѳǧǲ֪ûˮӣؿҲֽš
Цŵ⵺ϵıӦоУ͸ȻҲУֻλȷҪģûѶλǿѡ˸ֶķѵһ֡


97 
ôһ˵ǲˡ
û˵ҡӱƾŻѣӦǸֶķҪӵķ˰ɣ
˵֮ʵλ飬Ҷͬ𣿡
ƾʵڸӣױ˶ֽţӣǲǶͽ֮ٿĸӣֱ׾٣
Ƚ֮£ͶҪЩҶ׺ͷʾͬ⡣
΢΢һЦٴһӣֻ˸ˮ͸ѣĸȵôӡ
ӷʱ΢Цʣ˭˵ãһעΪʮ꣡򶨣ҡ
˻һ˵ɫΪ֮һ䡣
֮˵һΪҲҪҹޣ𽥻ܡʮΪڵͽѳɵ
аܰ˵ȻߵΪΪע
ׯңм
κٺҶ׹ȫЦһ£ҲҪֻҪǿħ飡
ѾòУʵǵȲˡʮΪζŸ׵Ҳöģ
ߵǰ˿͸ӣʱӶһһϣһĵΪС
ǰسʱȻκ𵴵飬Ǳӡ
ҲĸԼҳӣǱѺ˴ҪҪҡʮĵԼʵ
΢Цһӡڵֽ棬ѪһīɫдѺעʮΪԸķ䡣
ǩԼ֣ȻҪӡѺ
ȴûк࣬Ц˵ֻ谴ϼɣպࡣ
ָʱͻȻָһʹָһָȻֽƣðѪ顣
ֽһѪָӡ
ӼѾѺΪҡɵȥõʱ򣬲ŷǧȻò
һɵʣΪôأ
ӳԳһЦ˵صӣ̹ſٵصĸͷɵӡҡģ֮ҡġ
Сõɴ۾δţҪƳǲҲѣ
΢΢һЦԼǣƳӲ˼䵶׵ĥǣơ
첢նƳһž⾰
Сһηӵģһܴİ
⻰ȴѹаٴȥǸɸѣֻͷƣȻʹʮ㹦ȴȻòǸѡ
ѵֶ΢΢ʲôƽѺģ֪ҡӣȴʾɺöòһĵ㣬ǡˣ
ɺʮŶǱʮΪֱ̨飬һص֮ͯʱ˰
ʱʱ亹ȫð˳ͫҲЩҵĶͽһ㣬һ˲Ѫ˿鲼
޼ƿʩ֮ʱͻȻø첲ƺʲô𣬾Ȼ΢΢̧ˣ
֮࣬΢΢ŤͷȴһԵҶ׹ָ̧
ˣԭҶƾ֮
ɵøм֣Ͻ˹ѡ
Ҷİ£ڿҡѣһҡʮ㡣
ҡѣȴֻҡʮһ㡣ƾһʤ
帣ҡĵһȭҶױʾл
κüȴʣ֮𣿡
΢΢һЦǰû˵֮ܽȻû˵Ǿ㲻סعӣӮħ飬ȥɣ
⸣ӻԶţ˵ʹظħ顣
ǿϺɫħתʱ˿Ѿ˥ϵòӵĸףҧҧϽһԡ
ûа취ѾŲסˣħթҲ·ѡ
֪λħķӣϥ˸׵壬ħȫ
غǹڵĵӣħӦúܺãܿƤչ·һʮꡣ
ʱҲ¶ϲ֮ɫҡҾԼΪƺ࣡
һħãҲظ
΢ЦſŸӶˣ˵ħȻ°빦ôʣµĶλ˭ģ
Ҷ΢ЦŵֻһҪ˭ӮˣһǶĶδľˣô㹫ƽ
ӵͷ˵λеôǸĲŹƽ
Ҷָָκ٣Զģͬʱ³˭ĵ˭Ӯ⽱κ٣ǲң
ԨǽթԽתȻȷ˿졣ׯҸӣκٶԶģΪʤȻ
ϾκٵѾѣԨֻ΢
˵⻰ʱҶ׵һ˫ƣκٲӦУƱҪԳ
˾ҲǰѺݵֶ
κЦһѹСӣԥӦ
ôСݺݵϴȭ
ʱȴ˵Ǹ˹Ҫ˶ԶģǵѺĶȻҲҪЩǶλ˵ΪɲʲôĶΣҪֵ
˻һκٺҶͬʱз۾
ȴ׼˶ڱصãζЦĵôЩξˣӮ˵λһãȿԵõֲֿմѪسУ滮㰡ôλˣҪڣ
κٺҶ׻ŶԷƺŶԷڸĿڣǵ󣬻˭ûвҪӣһ
ҶЦ㶼ңκ٣ɱƲ㣡
κһҶģȻѺˡ
ǸѪıӣǶǩֻѺ
Сۼ⣬һ¿ҶдµҶףǶԨ
̥񣬵ǽթޱȣдҶ׵֣ѺʱõҶ׵ѪʱһˣȻֵҶ׵
ڶԨʱҸţֱǺȫˣ
뵽⣬С̴ƽΪдҶ׵֣ǶԨ
Ҷ׹˲ǳЦյ˼Ҷף֮ҶѺϵôҪҽڷڣҲãǾû˸ҸӶԶģҲһģ
κ˭˵Ҫˣѱ
С㼱ˣۣһѳסκҪǩֻѺ֣ҶһʧҲʧ㲻һֻһˡɾûˣ
κȴһ㣬ִҪдԼ֡
СҲס㵽һԣĬĬᡣ
һմȾϣǽ˷ʧȥǣκôҲȰҪҶ׶һˣ
˭Ͷֳ⡣ϾͶߵȻĸ׳ʮĵ㣬Ϊʮĵ㣬ҡ߿϶еѹҲ
Զ˸һ࣬ûȸӵĻ£Ϳʼ͸ѡ
ת˲֮غϣ
ҶһһֱĬĬĴС㣬ͻȻָķһ㡣
κٹȻ񣬻ȥС㡣ĹҶѾϵɲ֡
񣬶ԨҲֻǼľҶ׵ķ֮ո𣬰˵ҲӦЩ
ǵ۳λ֮һʵģ
ֻɵػζֱֻۣ͸ҡ÷ɿ졣
Ҷ̬ŵؽѷʱֻϣֱӶʮĵ㣡
Ҳ˵κܹҡѣҲҡҶ׸ĵˡ
ˣüۼȴЩϲɫκһɱˡ
ɱκٵı£Ҳ˳س֡
κΪȫԼԹˡ
뵽⣬ɵ̧ۿ˴С㡣
СʱˣѾᣬȦǺģԵ۽ǵǿźΣҼ
κˣԼֻʹһչ鲻ٻᱻǸħͷˡ
뵽⣬ɵÿڶС˵ȶԨõȻ޸ͻǵʱ£ûйϵҲǲ̫
Ļû˵꣬һѾݺݰһơ
κ֣㻹ЩȲǵھˣ
һưúԤף˶ˡ
κȻ񣬵ĲѾңɼˡ
һƲǳϣٴκݺݳ
ǵʦĻڣȻٴακٸǰµѹƣһʱ侹
Ӷ֮ĶԹ˿Ȥڶע£͵ȡʣЦؿڵκֵˣ  
ûҶ׸κˣֱۣסѡ
Ӳ֪ʲôʱֱĸһ㣬ҡκٱɡ
ɾԣѳˡȻٸκȻֻѾһ磡
κٵǻãӦ׾٣ѾԼ飬ʱǿ̫ࡣ
ҶƺϵκٻˣһԵСҪˣҪٿһˡ
С΢бؿͻȻȻһЦ
֮üۼ䶼˵ģͻȻЦȻεҶôһ˲
ľֻûнӮδҲ̫ļ˰ɣ
ϧͬκƺ֪Լѹҡѣֻεر۾ҲûҪʹӡ
ҶЦˣ̾׵۾ҲǸ񣬿ϧƫҪԣϽ䷲ûϢӡ
׵۾Ȼ赲˾֮ʱôҵȥ
Ҷ΢Цŵȴκٱʱκٵ˫ͻȻϵϮȥ
ҶһۣۿǽŹ磬ͻȻκٵ⡭
ת䣬һκٵϮȥ
ϧһһˮɼͻȻϮԭСͷأûҶжѾˮҶϮȥ
ͬʱҲ׷׻ΪԭΣϮҶס
غؼ״Ҳ³ˣ
Ҷ֮ǰʵ̫ҷϰҡӣɣʵҲ
֮䣬ֻһ죬ϵѾκٽըȴǵ泯ϡ
Сһ£Ȼʮ֮࣬Ҷ׵ǶʮĵĿɲֹһ㣡
ԭǸ˵Ϯʱ̵ġ
κٵĽ췣֮֮
ҪƬ֮ӣ췣ǵĵϣҲһġ
Ҫ㣬ҲҪ߶Щκٳħٶǰ߶ʱҪ죬ĸгԽǰļ
췣֮˵ֱǼ졣
ֱʱҶײŴСκٿɥȫڴԻ󣬾ҪȥҡӣطһУ
ҶŴС㣬ȻЦȴЦЩˡ
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СЦλӿû˵Ӳ㶼ҡӣΪǲӣ
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һԵغؿˣæȥס˶ӽôˣ
Ȼκٵǰûʲô˲𣬿ɸӵҶ׵岻ͬΪĴܣ̱ռ塣
ʱԨԪԭżҵĽļغһżҲ޼ƿʩ
СʱȴȫˣֲҶ׷ŰһԶʧܣʧȥʮΪ
ԭλ¼ң׼
ٸȻ֪Լͳ
˵ֱ̧ͷ
С㿴ӢͻȻɢĹ󣬻ƵЦ̱ˣԪ׾ٵѹԭڵѾԨˣ
һ̣ԨѸײڶٶȣͻȻȥǷڶϵ
ԭ֪ʲôʱ򣬸ӽ˶֮ϣͻȻʧˡԨӮ㲻Ҫˡ
κٵȻã̷˹ȥ
ʱĶԨ壬ѾڵĴ֮ڶԨ˵绢Ե֮Ϯʱһɲɵֵǿһ˲ҪκٹЮٳѡ
ڶԨһͬʱСѾԾ𣬻סκٵǰ
ҲֻС붴Ԩ࿹ʱ򣬲ܸоĿ£ֻôһ˲䣬ĻԶ˷״̬
ֻʹһӷ𣬰ŷ˳ΪչһӽĵκٺʹС㻤ʵʵǵ붴Ԩ𵴣öըѿ
һƬУԨһۿСﻤ飬ǲʷϼ⽫յĿ
Ԩͫ͵һ鲻αЦսӲﶼޱȵ׺䣺Ļ飬ôⷲ˵ϣ


98 

֪붴Ԩ۾ΪսŮҺҲйģϧûжɽٳɹ˵׹˾óˡ
Сͷһ˵ֻ֮ķ˾ȻĻ飿
ȻȴûжԨ۾͹׵۾ôµ׿ԽѫµĨɱ
ħҲûð˽ǰ£ǣֱ˷ָŮͥȻҲֵø̵Ķ
С֮ǰʲôûôĴ
СǴǰԼĻӡڹʯ£ҲǺпܵġɱؾ
ҲҺoĻ飬ȻŻ޷ֵһ
ԨһֱڿѰӰʱ˿̣ȻĻ飬ưոݣ
һʱ䣬Ȼ˲κ٣ֱֱСϮҪס
κȻɣħ붴Ԩһ
ʱһֱ˵˻СǵԼļš
ԭŷڵ˷ֹ򣬴Сκڴ˴ӦԸӺͶԨǡ
ܿЩϵʹӣȫ
аԵԽԽľΪһɽһʯǰ£Ųǻħ֮аķ̳
µǣ˵ϾȻħ̥һѪ̥Ӳ֮£ͬһſų˯ӣ֣ȴһա
⵺Ϣģһǰ̵ϵ֮ˡԼ̰ϵأЩħ̥һΣƱҪ´ң
СͷƤЩħ̥ʲôʱ
šüָһ£ħ̥ðĸ壬Ȼз˵ȴǻֻȭͷô󣬿ӴԼҪٹҡ
Сˣ΢΢һ
Ϊһһֱ벻ֱԽǰ¶ǹ̩񰲡
Ǵ뵽Ǳƭ˶ˣʱԭʱҪͷˣǴ뿴ûʲôִ٣ΰģ
ֱЩħ̥ħ̥ö
Ҳ˵⵺һֱڣôħ̥ħ˼䣬Ǹʱ򣬾ͲǴ˵㣬Ϳ̿ս֮С
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ǸʱЩŵǲǾֻԨ۾ˣ
СԽԽľǴʱǵǵʱǵ취뿪죡
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û뵽ϵĶ˾һһƣ㶼ӶĶľ
ûд¹ˣɴֻභֱɥħΪħ̥ķϡ
޵ǵؽ붴Ԩκ٣ֵҲ鿴죬ȷϢɵġˮӲӲޱȡڵǣȴһ쳣ĵطӦ⵺š
СҲڿκٺͶԨΡʱԨ֪ΪΣƺɱڣǣκȻֵܿǺԴ·硣
С΢΢һֻ֣ͷĻ̳ŶԨȥһӳɢĹơ
Ԩ֪˼䲻ϲǿĻ鱻թŮʹʵ̡
ֻؿС㣬һɲſ˵һ̣ԨҲɹС᲻ת鲻ٸת￴һģ
СȴҳҲ͸ŹŹ֡
ȷûתŮƭӲ֪ʲôӵ˽Ļ顣
֮ŮСǲ
СҲע⵽ݺݵԼ
ԨͦõģǹαЦȥҪǿ
뵽⣬СԨ·Ӧ֪˴ǳ¶ݵĵط϶ħ̥ķ̳һĴ֮Ǹ뷨Ƕôһ򾡡Ѿϣ취ȥ֮١ǲϣǾƣɱǣħҪֵʵŲŵʱԪ˵ҲԳ
Ԩ֪С˵еʵ͸еΡ
ʱûи֪˽ôһħѵ¾ħ徹Ȼвд
Ҫ֪ħ֣һħħħ塣
κٺʹСħĶΪħħΪ
ħ壬ȼĴڣҪͥͥ񣬹˽硣
ֻǺ۵λңħħ帺翹ȫͥ
˹׵۾ĻȰħ塣ʱΪжȥףֻһħ͡
˾˷֮󣬲ǿ˹ʶħħǣ塢繲
ⲢǶԨԸħԼʱٽ͵޽ԼƭħǵĴţ˳ħǽ飬ǣħ¾
ڶԨħѪȫûдڵıҪ
ħǵĳ޽Լȫĸ֮ʣŻɽնݳ
ֻһȴԵʧţȻҪѰе
ԨֱڣΪԼôûʲôֻǵе˺ʧԼģʱֱŤҪҲе
ڵԼܣԶʧȥԼİŮˡħ壬һвҾĸԴ
ڶԨС˵⵺ϱ鲼ħ̥۾ʱһУʱ󳷣κٲ
˾ӵһԺ󣬶ԨĿǲԾת˴С㡪ǰôûע⵽Сһ˫ۡ񣬶۲β٬͸һ˵ʡ
ֻǴʱǴСǵκٵظ͸첲Ƿˡ
Ҳ֪κٵ͵͸˵ʲôŭջҧ촽
Ůľһӹ˶ԨҪĻ䡣
ҪõʱҲյصҲϰԵҧס촽
뵽С֮һ˿һĹʱԨͷٴȼգ
ѵǹ׵۾Ե˾ɼ顭
ô΢һ룬һɳӿͷԪ˼䲻дǴɣ
Ԩ۾Ѹٷ̨ѨԼȥ
ʱС㻹κٵСԭԼ붴ԨԶģ˭뵽ؼʱκȴƵ󣬸ǲаŵıдԼ֡
ԸղСᣬҲֻԼԼϷ
иһοġǶô˵ĶһκˣǾҪ˵
صٶǰһ·ùɶŶˣͲԼˣҲһݲŶԡ
ڵ˿ӣСֻݺݴ˼ȭʲôҶģ
κȻСȭͷȴʮá
СȦĿԼǲתĴҲȫӳԼ
һʱˡʵҪǶԨҲҪѰԵʣκѹͲ
Ϊ£Сõ֮һԲԻת˶ٶ
ǸʱҪȥδѰС㣿ѵҪȴټ뵽ǵҹǽ޷񣬼
ڣС㵣ĵúȦκٵȴ˵⣬ؽСڻУ΢΢ػΡ
ʱ̫಻ɵˣúһ
ϧȻȥ⣬ԨĬؿǣͻȻСס֣Ҫκң
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С˵еڲɱʱ򣬾ҪɱǣҲõ˳뵺֮
ʱǷٿĶֻһЩڵصĶͽʬ塣
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С뵽һκټȻܶӮ˶ľ֣ܻ˵ħǿ˳ˡ
뵽ʦŷԸĻ˵ߣȥǿ
ʱһۿغؾȻ޲ֵظڶԨƺһҲռԼӵ
ɵÿʣ㵹ǲ̫ĶӰ
غ㶣һ򶨵Ҫи֮Ȯҿ˼һ֮ĪĹ¡ع֮ͥգȻỹҶ塣
ĻһͽĿڣȫû⡣ǳһ֮ڣ޲ˣ
Ϊĸףգ뾡취׵Ȼʲô̹֮Ҳ󣬵ԳƵТаħĸ御
Ƿغأ֪ӱ֮󣬾ȻûԨ˵ôȻĻ
ǲ֪ʱѹƵ׶⻰Ƕôѹˣ
ʱһƬͺͺܺȴӿ
СۣȻԼ¼Ӳ̺ħ̥
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ٴ̧ۿܵĺˣͻȻ˵ôо⺣ԽԽС
κѸٿܣǴ⵺ڽ³
ԨҲԣƺżֻվǺԶͷ鿴
ʱѻնҪǶЩʺϵĶſ
ʱͻȻ˸ɭĻ龹Ȼڵϣѵת֮˵ǵߣ˫մħѪ֮ˣҲҵ˭ų
ɽ紫˵ħĶԹҲжţڿ⵺Ǹħǧ˿Ƶϵ
СǸ죬һҪƲֻպӣ˵ЩҶ֪ҪȻģ˵ʲôᣡ
ŭʲôĵģﱳ壬˵˳ͣ׿ڱ֤ģֻҪǿ۶ºƽԼͱ֤ħǵİȫĻͷȴǱƭ˳⵽¾Ѫծǧ꣬ħҲ
С֮ԣȴһû뵽Ǹ췣ʹŮԭǷȱѪ
ʱѾתС㲱ϵɫȴͻȻ΢΢̣С̲סϳ
κüͷС㣬ָḧĲʣôộ
Сҡҡͷ˳ƿκٵĻʣô죿Ҫħˣ
ԨһۿţŮһʮְۡ
뵽⣬ͻȻһһ˲˵Ķˡ
С㲻òԱ߶Ǿһ˲䣬ͱԨĻС
ԨһֻסСϸ۵°ͣ˿Լ־Ƥˡ
ͷϸС㣬ͼѰ˵ĺۼ
κٿԨȻᱡС㣬һʱҲħ̻Ӷ췣֮ŶԨϮ
Ԩ׼̼ܣκһ𵴿
κ٣Ͳ˾֮ˡﻹϳΪĶ֣
ĶԨӵܵ壬޵壬Ӧ֮绢ٴηӵ˼¡
κ٣ԨһŮСˡ
˵ĻΪλϣ
С°ͱۣŤͷ㣬Ҫ߶ˮϮԨ
ɻûʩչͱʲôסˣȫá
һȫӵ֮Ȼɲ֮ǿѹϡ
ԨĴȱֻ˵ȻҾ۶Ĳӣ
Сһʵֻһֻ֮ˡҿû͵˵Ķֻҵϵġ
˵䣬ԨѾԶ֣óָöСӣ¶ϸǣԼ·һȦͼڡ
ˣͼڵӶһģһ
Ԩֶ΢΢ز֮Խȴ
磬ҲֻܽΪ顣
С˵ϣôת
СĻת˼ˣ
ŵĿϲ֮࣬Ԩȴ뵽һ顣ǾǷؾͷӡ׵۾ʯȻͬڹʯ¡ô˽ǰԼ
ѵıң׵۾һ
뵽⣬Ԩ־ɵٴμӴֻصűԼڻеŮ
Ȼһֱô޼ɵԼǰǹ
ԼȻװ״˼̹ڣȴ޲
ٳٲתԭƺҲˣǲתǱת
׵۾ǺģȻ˽ذռҵŮˣ
뵽⣬𽥱ƽӿˣԨɵٴɱڵصǽ֮ļκ١


99 
ʱκһȭȭػǽȻȴ޷ǽҲ˵ֻҵ˫Ѫ죬һ˫۷ŨڣһݺݵصÿСӵˡ
һޣźȣȻЩ
ʱκ޵ȴǶԨԼ
Լ㹻ǿ󣬺ҲνĽ磿ֺСԼǰ裿
˼⣬κлŨأȫƺӿֲߣȻϡ
С֪Լڴ򲻹ҲûֻڶԨκʱò㿴𣿿ɲԷſҵӣ
ԨתĿתС㣬ֹһ˿еЦ㡭֪˭𣿡
С㲻ʲô˼ɵáһ
Ԩû֣һֻƸСգ·ḧʧõ䱦һ㣬ǰ¡
û˵꣬СѾ̲סЦ
ΪǵĻСǰҲ
˵µһҲö֮յΪδޣմͻ顣
ѵԨҲմȾԭϲŮ˴ͻ飿
ԨСķӦһѽСٴγ뻳Уᰮգ㲻ûйϵһ֤㿴κٲ岻ĹϵҪ˶ϣҵǲɳӵģ˲岻
Сֱֱ̧ŶԨˣϵЦͻȻüʣҪô˵ҿôˡãǲ˵תҷһߡ㣬˵棬췣ͽ䣬׹˾һΪγܲס٣Ϊ£ٵʱںδ
ԨüͷʹһʱǰˣҲ֪
СǴȻŶԭôɣǡˣǡǡ㲻ߡȷ췣ǴĻǵıɱ
Ԩʵ촽գƺش
СЦƿԼյ֣ʣ˵κˣҵҪ߹׹˾óʱڸ
ԨۣԴεؽͣһֱҪȥ˾ǹ׵۾ȴһֱҲףԭǶĻ졭
С㶼ټƪֻЦĴ̫ʢɵĴ˵ˣ˵ˣŮǲ岻Ϊʹ̣ȥɢ飬ʥŮߵλŮβɾɽŮӢļѻûУ
ԨüͷøɽҲ˼ľף֮以Ĩڣ˴˵˽³й˼䣬Ҳʱзġ
ǲ֪ĸģȻԼ벻ķ˽磬շתŮĶС
Щصϸ֦ĩڣϾЩŮ˳ʲôӣǵˡ
ҪǣѰԺף⣬ٲҪŮˡ
ƭ˵ĶԨЩ˵ĻС֪Լ²׼ġ
ǸŮԼзˣ˲ð֮ӣȴףԸ
Ͳţ۵׼ϱ᷸˴ط
ֵͥҹظӵɷĸΪ˴Ǵģ
ΪֻҪ۵λãȥϷŮˣȥĸʥŮȹڣɵλöգǡ
Ůս׿Խ붴Ԩǲ֪λĸεط
ʲô췣ǰȥǴĻǵȺ֮죡
СС̬΢Ӿܶ϶λŮǰĶԨ۾Ӳ˸ϵ
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СĻ˵ģöԨҪʧˡ
ΪƣǧΨһʧ㣬ȴǴԼͷ
СЩԨһסĲӣƱȴһʱԶԡ
ܸԨС㲱ӵӣǽһ˿·ǶԨ۶СĲӣ˵Ķһˣ
С˵żڿĻ۽ǵȴһֱڿǽһǡ
˵һĵؽ磬Ӧڣ˵ܹڴȥ
ԨЩ֪ƵĹʱѾ߶طǴ֮̽ȥˡ
ڵϣܹо󴬣ż΢΢ζδ֢ϵ֮ҲûȫãʱʱŻһ¡
󵨵ز²⣬νĵӦֻһƯں棬Ϣġ
˵βɽڵأڿգںˡ
ΪɽӦþΪܵġϡ
Сϣ㲻̫ܾ͸ʱκͿȴӵض뿪ĵ
ڹ⼤ŭԨʵֻ뾡ԨעʣµܵĻᡣ
ȻϲӿǺƽֻҪܱܿҪиջᡣ
С㱻Ԩס˲ӣﲢǲ¡
ˣ֮뷨ӰһǸʲôԨƾԲϷݣܲסλ
ȻСˣѹͲڵģǳǽһȥ
С㿴һԼԶʱҪˡ
ƣʱܣװʲôǴѻʯ
ԨʱҲ쵽ǽתͷһ̺ɵػֳϮȥ
νýȻһӾ˶Ԩ
ӹ罹мܵסһ¾ͱ˳ȥ
С㿴ľ̴һʦ
÷ԨʱһѪƲᡣ
ԴӷڷֳȥԺҲûййʦһ̣鼱֮£һʦѿڶ
Ԩôһ֣ǷˣΧǽͻȻ飬ֻһϲߺ۵ͬħ֮ԨǽҸ顣
СʱѾԨǯסãֻܾɲؿǲ۵һɭɱش󲽳ͶԨ
ˣ㱾ǰħ𣬾ȻӳʵЮŵŭ𻺻
ô˺ۣ
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Ԩ֪˿̵κٲСȽСƵһߣȻ׼ֵκٵһ
ϧ̫дˣǹħʱԨոγɵٴα飬ԨֻԼֱʹһƬпѵ졣
ãֱ۾ȻùˣôܣκȻ˲֪ٱ
ݲöԨ룬κٵȭͷЮħϮ
ٶ̫죬Ԩնļȭ㰤صȭµȭͷǳк
˵ɴܣ˵˼Ұ׵Źܣֻȭȭҵ⣬ſɽͷ֮ޣ
ᣬСѾȥҲ˹һرסƹӡ
СһʱһΪʱϢԣ뷲졣
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һѪЦŵҡѾԭʦ𡭡ʦħܲܿסħԾҪˡȻڵħԣֻҲԿƣǧ򲻿صޣͿ̿顭
ֲκٻͻȻۼħȻѹԨԭħֽκ٣
һκħǾ裬˵ǲѪᣬħ̣ĳӲ䣬߱аħ
κһΪС㣬ħļȴɿأ˲ԡ
ħԵһ𣬻κôҲҹ㡣
ѹֶԨһʱ⣬κһѹġ
ֻħ黹κ٣ðضԨעκҿǽС㣬ȴԼվ
⸱лᣬʧħ飬ûжΪεֵԨһ
ĻȫǽԵļƣĿѾдźˣ
Сȴɫ࣬촽ǷˣκԨעģѵ㲻֪𣿡
ؿڣһЦʦûôԸǡҵ⣬ҺǰҲá˺㡭ʦ͸񰮻Ů㱣㡭ԲС㣬ΪʦĲãԲ㡭
˵ţؽȾѪݸС㣺ţͿԻȥˡڡɽĺʯͷӣҷеļҵȥԲԴңˡ
˵⻰תͷһԿ޻
ɵǰǰʦȴĬĬرЩθжʦѾӲģȴǿ۵ס
һҲ֪ʱζϧдûһݰҲֻĵס
ħٴλصٶٴʱҲˣֻһΣϵȴ
ֻٴξţĬĬأصǰޡ
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һսˣپһΣҲҪһĺţ
ѵҪһٺڷͰ׷ˣ
İڸϷﶼûкýֵġ
֪Ĺÿ˽ʱҪٵĶܿԼȥӦ
ÿΣ޶ԵǵȦ죬ᡣ
ļǶԵģӵСǺۣǿһΰɡ
Ȼ䣬Ƿһ죬һ˵ĵ£޳
뵽⣬ס֣մѪ촽ϸָ⣬޷İһ̣һϡ
ͻȻɿ֣һʱѾȫɵˣرסĲʵش󺰣㲻׼ߣ쵰
ûؿ޺ѾС͵ƿˣ
ֻС͵ԼĺʯƳȻذѹĸһС⣬ҲСһʯ
Сһһ߸ϻ쵰ʦҲҪҶԵطħ˻ǣҪٲ۾ٳһţ
ʯֻ֮أϡƴȫҲ޷
ʯŮ֮ǲ֪ؼʱܲһΣ
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С㼱ˣ³ԼĽʱͻȻΪ³һ
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һֻ̣ԭѾӲ͵ֿһѪȻڴȻ
СΪѹʯǺķʱҲ۵̱ڵء
ȵԼ壬Լű߹ƺ˲临ԭˣӯȻħ鸽ʱ
ͷԼڵʯתͷ̱ڵϵһֻСС׺ʱһӱȫˣ
ʱС׺ǰ˵βѾЩͺһëҲ޹⡣
ʧ˺ĺ壬൱ʧȥеΪΪ˾ȻˣɢȥΪҲ䲻ˣ
촽һӱס̱ڵϵС׺ʿ޳
СҲѹڲǱʱ̣Ψһͷǽ˺ͺ궼ȫȫβشħ
˵ģҲԻ·Ϊϵħϡ
ʱκٺͶԨǱҲڴ˽
ʱԨǧĵڶݺڡ˭岻ãƫƫ
ȻѾɹסԭռ塣ԭһЩеķϰߣҲ
Ҷ׵ʱ˺ÿĹ̲ס࿴ۣԵҶϲԵĲˣҲԼڡ
ϰ߿ˣ
ϰ߾Ȼǡκٵͺ󣬱߶סһӲһ
ôˣħκٵͽܣֶʦηУȻѾˣ
˱˴ʲôζĶԨ¿ɿˣ
ڰκһһ֮Ҫԭĳ嶯Ҫϸʦͷ
൱ֵĴҪѪˣԨǻΪ˿ıܳ嶯ʱʱһ£κȴԽսԽ£öԨǶѿˣ
ʱܺѾϮӿ˹ֿʼӿ³ˡһ˵θڵϣݲС
һǱϯ֪⵺ҪıǣԨʱκ˵ٸҴȥǶҪˣ
⻰Ƕһź׵˵Ҳ˵


100 
СʱҲ첽κٵߣסκ٣κ٣Ҫٸˡ
κȴסֵ˼ŶԨмܻ֮κϵĺҲڲ
֮䣬ر𡣿ħ֮䣬ȴͥ
ʱκٲȻѾȫħ㶴ԨҲֻܻܣɻ⡣
ԨʱռݷĿԼı壬Ҳڽܡ
СһκȫҪ˺ѶԨļƣҲǷԨô쵰Ҳ۵Ķӣκɱ˶ԨôκٱҪͥΪˡ
Ϊ⵽ͷѹֵ
ʱκٲȻ״̬С㲻ħ޷Լǡ
뵽⣬Ծ˵κٵĺ󱳣κٸµκ٣һԼɱħԿơⶴԨ˼ͥҶǷˣ߱Ҫģ
κ֣תͷС㣬ĿԨ°ϡ
Ԩκֺͣ󣬱ˮеϢκټδѪԪոոŲõ塣
òϢԪ񡣿ԪնôһʱȴԪòϵĳ
С㾹Ȼκٽһһѷֵӡ
֮ദʱϳȴ׵۾ת罺ᡣ
Ԩ񱻶۵⣡
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ʱͻȻԾֱһѶ
Ԩֻ֪ҪԼõ񣬾ͿתʱաԻصǰĴǰնñ𱧵һпܣ
󾡿ﵽĿģ緲ǰ㣬˵Ľԭ¡
ʱԨһ磬ǴضֱֱҴȻʧӰ٣
ֻĳӣħķǴ©ܿͱԽԽϢ޲һɽֻɽϺȻһѪıд֡βɽ
ɽס˵ϵΨһڣС׺һš
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С㵣ǵؿκٰ˺۵
κٵȴС㡭
ǰħ֮ԭκٵħһ¾Ϊһ塣಻ڽκٵļҲ뵹ˮһӿӿκٵС
ؼǵԼϵƬжôֲڲӿļЩĽŮӿ߳һ㣬ŵñֲ֮̿
ڴ֮࣬ҲһԵĺˮӰ¿ԼǸǰӢˡ
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뵽⣬һѽС㳶קԼĻУǶԨһݺס°͡
ϲմȾ˵ϢСģ뵽⣬̲סͷҪɢ˵Ϣ
ǵ΢΢ͷʱȴСһ˫ĵķˮŭ⡭
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ͷʱС黳˫סգͬһ㣬𣺡ûһʡĵģƬ̵ĹôŪôôӣСŪ˸ħԼħٶȲ𣿸ղΪʲôߣڵǸԨȣ
ϤܻĴ£ȴκͻȻһɣ͵ʣ㡭Ĳң
Сûش˵Ĵ⣬ֻĴָߵѪôŵٵһͷ
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𼸴ǸϲۣƧˡǸһֱ¶Χš
뵽ЩһۣʱվҲȰûвӲףȴ˼ˡ
κ̰ȡŮһ̣еĻûʧСˡ
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ˮѾûˣҲˣС׺߸߾ٹͷʦʦ⵺ˣǵصҲɽסˣǸô죿
Сһָƾճֵβɽڵɽˮ˵
ɽʱѾаߡɽϾȻʯףǼ˼̷Ρµһʯȥ۰׹ǣ
ʱǸӵٴڰ
ұΪ̬ıң顣û뵽ǼλȻȲ֮˵ĶŮ鳤ҸǵһϾԧ˫ɶԵһҲµ
˵ʱӵȻǽµ۰׹ǣǵħǲħʬǡħ˵ĹѪ춨ԼķṦΰҵתˣıӦ
ʱɽƺжԭмѾǰħ̥Ƽ
ϸ飬ȻϳЩħ
Щħ壬ӳħͷһĽǡ
ڸոƿǶͬŵһļħҹ棬ֽˮҹ档
ħΪսʱǰȷ档
ǽϱͨħױǿ
Ϊĳƽ⣬ˮҹħƽܵϡ٣һħΣʱˮҹͻز
ˮҹ棬СΪʲôӿ˺ˮ
˼壬ˮҹʮϲˮһˮ·ˮУΪΣʱˮλͻȻ֣޷
ˮǸߣҪûСһСûˮУˮҹ⹥ǣҲǷ
Ȼ⼸ħ׷˲ǵĺˮܿһƬɫС
˺еǻѸٻܿͻչ
ǽ䱸ѰҵʱͻȻˮϽĺˣҽһֻˮͻȻͷͬһ̴ǵš
ҪˮʱСһɳɵسˮͬʱˡ
ֻ֮ʱըѳһɫˮҴܵĺҽС
ɵһϲС㣬ܷˮҹ棿
СԲ˫ۣŬȥˮһת˲ŵӰʮԣֵǣԤеǽںδ֡
һᣬͻȻ˵ע⣬ֻϮϷֻ׼Χ֮
Сָˮеҹٲղ޷ˮٶ̫죬Сոκָǵλãһˮҹͻ˷λ
α任С㶼׼ȷжϳǵλá
ֵǣС˵ʱЩˮҹĽСֻˮоִٲҴš
ͻȻˮ¶ͷ·ѹһ㣬ˮ˰СķһƬ·ͨһ㣬нĵ
ʱʧѾõĸӳˣϲЦֻԲ۾Щˮҹ棬ŭȵһȺôˣΪβսǻħĿ·ȷ𣿡
Ҫ֪ЩˮҹսҲʿ䣬oѪ¶ӡ
ڵӣֱ˳ѱʧħսʿɷ
СҲƣӣЩˮҹ浱ɱﵡ˭뵽ЩȴǫͣѵթЩħϵķ˻飬Ͷ
ӿЩͷˮҹ棬תɴ۾˴С㣬һһǡݵ㣿
С֪Щڹ˭ֻӣ޹üë
ӵۿС㣬ͻȻڵ㷽ܿЩˮҹ棿
С˵ͷСʱһθգȻۡòҪǸʲôŮϳɣ


101 
Сţȴƺɽ΢ķѭ̧ͷȥɽ֪ʲôʱͻأһΡߴ
ǷǴﴫġ
֪ΪΣСʮֵ죬ͺ񡭡ȥһ㡣
ʷСͻȻȫЩͷԼֱۣﶼɵĽɫƬЩƬĵطһƺҲʲôҪð
˵ӣЩҹ泯С񣬲ɵɫ
ˮҹħһµħսʿҲηڵأǡǴħ己ܵʥŮ־ԵѪѹơ
ôܣ
Ҫ֪ħѾǧʱûгֹʥŮˡ
꣬һܷħʥѪѪľߣħѪϴԴ˵㡣
ʥŮ֣ħӴ˵أ˹Ӳд
Ȼ㲻ԭ򣬲Сκ˱ûҪǿ󣬸ղžȻܴöԨǸ޻֮
Ҫɵǵħ̥ûеô򵥡ǼȻѾβɽɽɾǧˡ
βɽ͸ħʥɽ
ϹʱħΪѰɽ˸Դ˾޶ħڿ԰ҵ
ϧڱʱӵβɽħҲǲ⣬׷ɱѪɽͷ
ҲħѪβɽϹ˲֮ɽϰڲдħһʧħ֮С
ħɽϢɵĸ֮ϣӺͲҲʼ˸ħĴơ
κεħǱʱβɽʥһħľɣʹҲħ
ѷħ壬ֻܽˮҹħսʿҪЩɵħֻ̥ܲջϵǵ·ħ塣
ֻ·ԸΪˣ˳ʢ˥ĶĲ֮أý鱦̰ջЩĸԸؽԼ
뵽⣬ӲɵɽյʥʥѾûľֻ˵λλδ׼ħ˵ͷ­ȡ
ڣħҾ׾ȻҲǵϣȻתѵ
ֻû뵽Щոճǵˮҹûãûϵɱﵡ
뵽⣬ͻȻһЦڷХ
ЩˮҹȻ벻СȴмϮ
תͷȥȻ˫۳غͻȻϮ
غصΪ˱˴ħ϶Ӯħ飬Ȼէһǽħۣܲ
ϵħһħǳ飬ֻһ˲ħĿܡ
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Ϊ飬϶ŮħĳˣҪѪħοꡣ
ʱغѾħȫħ嶼Ѿֳ޻״̬֫ŵأСǿ񱼶
κٻСǰһӾͽغ𵴿ˡ
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䣬ֱϵ˿ѸɢûһĹ򣬾һƬ
غմȾħ飬ǽԼ˶ħֻһѪҪ
غر֮ڵأ˫۳죬ʼһں﷢һ㣬ʼ͡
״ˣغٴη˹ʱκۿڲ͵壬ͻȻߺһãɢ
δ䣬غص徹ͻȻѿΪһƬѪϮˡ
һڶѪѾʶˣȻ˶ɢѪ꣡ǽϣˡ
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ֻǼҪˣ춾Ѫǰ޿ɱܡ
ǵǽ۾ȺŶѪϮʱѪȴٳû¡
СκŤͷʱȴط֣ЩѪ鶼˰գˣƺʱ䶨
С㾪ȵؿκٵ֣оȻٴγ𱻶Ԩߵ
ʱȫĽɫƺƿʱһ˲䶨ʱ䣬е˺ﶼ˾ֹ
СκǸӾȻҲһǽסСС׺ԭء
ô£ôֻˣ
κüħԼǿǺܽƷڶӮģǶԨԼǴߵġ
С㾴ص˵ͷƿʱⷨȻתʱ⣬ʱ䣬Ȼ׾١
ֻǲ֪ʲôסʱ䣬Ǳ˶Ѫֻأ
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Ȼ˳ֽŲ˶ħѪ֮£һʱټһĶħѪ
κپҲޣΪ󻼣ɴ췣֮׼һ⸣ӡ
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κ£Ҳȥ
κһסСֱۣС㣬ôˣ
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ʱСŵһŮ
ŮɴüۣǱȴһԽһԱ
ҲΪսѾǶԽҲֻʣ°ˡ
ʱ˵էСֻ˻ٴϡ
УͻȻ䰵óһӰ
СͻȻ֣κٺ˾ӱߡ
һֻˣ׹Уֻ˲ϵذУƺںźӵ֮ˣȴþò˻Ӧ
ǺŮĹӰģһţ˺С
Ҳ֪˶ãи쳣ߴɫںӱߣСǣǺӵ𽥻谵ĹӰĮþòϳֻأӵס
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Сһû뵽˹׵۾˾ĻӰ
ôʱ˵Ķ󣬻᲻ԭˣǸŮ
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κҲüԼǰӰԼԼĸоʮ
ʱǹ׵۾ǿս׿ķϣԲ㡣ΪһΪӣ˲ˣҿ㲻Ů˼Թ
Сһ£κٵֶ๦Ǵഫûа˷ѡ
ǲ֪ӵ׵ǲǱӡ
˹׵۾ĻǺӵ׵Ļȴ΢΢Цһ£ҵĴЦʵҸˣҶԲסǧħ壬췣˾ҲӦõġ
˵ʱĻͳһ˿ʹƺֻۿħǸ¾龳
׵۾Ϊ˾ˣͼħǵĲҾҲݣֻĮʹ˳ӵףҶˡ
˵꣬׼ת뿪Ǻȴһ۾֪ȻΪĮƷи߽࣬붴ԨΪ˴ǲͬһҪ㣬֪ɷӦ£
׵۾û˵Ҳûתƺ׼ӵ׵˵ȥ
ֻ˷֮УʵɣԭҲ飬֮ʱȴΪ˼Щڶû徻ͶԨȣе³ˡȻΪޣʼվֻ֮дﵽƽ⣬ſദǡΪҲг⣬Ϊָ֮ħкħǸħҲ¾Ҳûг֮ȴʮֵĵǡħǸʱȡħľԼԪ㾭٣δֻǵЩˣӵҲתΪһľħɵõһտԻָ
׵۾⻰Ĭ˰Σڿڵԭ㲢ֻǱ鰮ŮӣСˡֻҪħȸð֮踵飬Ͳ±ħɣǲ٣
ЦΪۣҲδؾ֪µǰǷħǧʻȥһǷֻħ̫ս߱ɱԣԪһľħģиĴȱ⣬ôֺη
˵֮ʱǺӵ׽һѿѿ󣬽˻١
׵۾üͻأ֮ϵĻ٣ȻԼԸħҲҪԼ컯
˵⻰תҪߡ
˥ٴλסҵʶϾҪɢ껨մ˾֮أδ¶˺ӵаӰ죬᳤ᡣи֮룬ܲϾ֮࣬Ϊ껨з𾭣ܴȱ֮
׵۾ƺʮֵĻƣЦһ㶼˵ˣϰ֮һħоôĵ𣿡
Ǻӵ׵ǵͳ࣬΢΢ЦҵȻֻ֪ϣܡˡԸ˺󰲺áʹ˱
ŹཱུǺٴλָŵƽ
׵۾ͣפ½Ųתͷȥ˶ĻǶѾ΢΢һڵİ
׵۾תȥʱֻһˮУźӵԹİʣں档
ȻֻǻӰСΪԹߣȴúƹ˺óʱ䡣ͲסŵİҪ˵ʱǸźڶĸߴٴγ˺ڱߡ
ؿСɫŨڵջĿ⣬˺ӱߣһ飬
Ϊoͳۻ𵴣о֮ú浴
ǶСƺѰķ򣬽ߵƬ꣬ڻıԵһ㵭Ľ⡣
ǽʱ⣬Įĵ۾ƺոһӱо
ǻҲԽԽÿƬɫĻ궼·˽һ㡣
·ͨԣÿںӱʱͻ΢΢ҡӣŬŻ꣬ԼøЩ
ֻ˵ĿⲢͣϣͰ࣬޸һһķ𾭡
ӣվǱ˴ˡƺҪ˾޾Ĳˡ
˸ߺ׵۾ｻɣٳٲֻأǲ°ӣ
Σǹ׵۾ϴߣսһ
˵òСĵһֱǸЦ滢ǶԨ
֪Լڿ˶Ԩ˾Ҫˣȴ׵۾һĻ
˴һȴǹ׵۾Ըʤһ
ǶԨ۾³ˣƺЩҲסˣͻȻЦ׵۾㵱ǺĻ˾ȻҲĵ÷ɿ졣ĪҪˣлͥΪʱ˵֮ȻȴҲȱһкڷ֣Ϊ٣ֻΪˣؽѡ
׵۾ƺ֮˵˵⻰ǵõĻ档
ڷǵаδ֣ħܻѾħ¾ȥٻڷԸң
ԨҲ֪ڷѰ뵽ԼдĸǵĶҪһԡ
ͳʥĸ͵õٻа֮кڷͼĬĬ֮䣬طɫ䣬ĶŨƹ
СΪԹߣȴ÷ֻ˾ϵȫţǻﾹȻһֻССһ飬ɫѸٿήܵСԽԽ󣬳˾żٷȥ
˾ŴͻȻ˷˳һֻڷ˾֮𺳵С
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СһҲɵˡôе̫һڷһʼƫܰ
ŤͷٿʱǶѾʧ֪Ӱˡ
һŤһܿʤԨ͹׶ˣǺڷҲԨУʹధС
ŶԨķŭͺ̧ͷһҪɱǺڷϧٴα׵ֵ
Ԩսйŭӡأ취޲ֻҪ׹˼䣡
׵۾һۺڷһ۱㿴кϢ
û뵽Ԩٻа飬ȻǶ仹ûгõĺһֻСڷ
Ҳѹ֣ϾԪħ̥з˵壬ħıʣΪڷҲˡ
СڷﻹûгãֻҪǹ뵽⣬ǹ׵۾һ֣㽫ڷӡû֮
һֱǻpanpan˾ﻤ飬УҲһ·˼£֮
ǵ˳̲аϣǶڷҲǳ޾ĵ⣬һ·׷ȥҪȥë
ֻֻ񾳣̻Ϊ񵰣񾳵ȴ³ǡ׵۾Ҳûֻܲܺƽദˡ
˶ԨƱҪͥĺ׼ڷʱѵĿʼ
Щι˹ˡ


102 
С㿴һЩĿɿڴ
ԭ֮Ȼǹ׵۾ûɵġ
ûǰ龳һ䡣
ⳡǸЩνˡ
ǰ۵κħԴ󷢣ɱҪ߱ɱԼĸҾҪɵһ̣˺ܾõСڷͻȻĸһ
ڿסħԵκٿǸڷһϢصڵϵʱ̷˹ȥһѽ
¿࣬ߵĵҲӲģԼõĻˡ
ڿСڷﱻˣһϢκٲ۵̲סԳһ˿ʹ
СڷԴ̲סŭ𣺡ǸɵħʱЩ֪ԶԶģô֪ԶЩ
Ǻڷ˼䣬ѧѽѧƽʱҲİ㣬ߴظκٶԻ
ʱήں˵ȴƽո¸µ룬ѧ߽ﵹЩ࡭ޡ
ֻķ׼һʱȻ壬Ҫ˿ޣǲҪ˿ࡣ
ֻ˴ʱ
תע뵽СڷڣҧССҲҲˣϡһסЩʲô
СڷգʪۣעκٵƺЩƶǶ߽ޣˣħܿ࡭
˱СڷĻЦˣֻЦ̫ʹΡ
֪СڷԸ
СƽʱϲԼϹҸֲʲôģԼɸӡ
ǵòǰ˸˸̵СǶϲòˣ춼ųҪȻСˮ趶Ű볤βոͣ
ûΪˣȻҪħܿ࡭һʱֻܽСȴ˵
ôͨԵСȴҪȥٴ޼
ʱӰҲУ֪ȥǰ
ͻȻվƺ¶˾ģѹĸĺСһ·ȥ
СʱҲ棬ξҲǸ˺СڷﳯϦദǵճ
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κҲһĻ̲סŮ
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ʱӰͬƤӰϷһ㣬ٴα任˳ʱȴŸոӮ
Сڷ˺۵̳ϣŮ˵ֻҪ׼ļƷ㹻Ը档ԸԼħΪƷڷܳԸԸʧȥһħԡ
˵꣬ȻԼ󣬺ɵؽѪСѻϡ
ֻһѪ飬Сڷ··һʺ롭
Ѫûе꣬˿ھȻԶϡ
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ŲɵӵѧСڷ֮侹ȻΪۣɢһģٴɢ˿С
ͨԵСѻһ̣ҲκаԸһԸ׼ɢʧˣ
СССС
ټֻʣ˺ˣͷµ̯Ѫþò
첻Ҫ䰮һУȻˣҶҪ춷ңҶ죡
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߳ȥһ̣ٴα任
ȴԳһɲµԺһޣһŮӤ
С㾪ȵؿԼѾףŰͷһӤϲ̵ؿһѽһ
ˣ¾Ȼһź룬˶˵µһ࡭⺢ӡ
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ֻ׳һ£ʱСӤȴѽѽط
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ϤСٴ档һ̣ƺȻǶˡ
ֲأֲǲҳҲǰֲ֮󣬱һֱСڷ
ԭ˵Ĳ಻ãȻǸģ
СڷѪԸȻתΪˡ
С㾹ȻŮħľħ̥ĺڷѹʮѰ
˻ʱ֮չʾСǰ֮ٴ衣
ǲϸ֮ʱеʧ
ԭɴ߰ͷŮȻʼ΢΢ͷɴҲ䡣
κȥǰͫʺݺһΪԭûٵŮȻСһģһ
תͷСʱȴС㾹Ȼʹض˵ϣ˫־εץԼĺ󱳡
С㣬ôˣ
ۡҵĺ󱳣ʲôҪ
κ̹ȥסС㣬һ̣СȴͻȻ͵ƿͬʱ˦һߴţһԾա
һֻ̣һԽɫķСĺչƾɵＤɫˣ˶󷱸Ľ򣬴СֱϵĽۣε㱡
κٿųɢ۽üҶȾ˽ɫεŮ欣۵׽ȾС㣬˲ϡ
ʱҲ֣һɫĹһɳ졣
ͬʱѾˮûĴͻȻӺ𣬷·𱻾о٣˰ա
Ϸűʱ˲䱻⿪ˡ
Ųλõĸ⧲ǵµĶѪܵȫǣ۵Եڵء
ҲȻ¶ŵشܣҲȫ㲻Լôһ˲Ų˵ط
ʱ۵شĸѾȥ˶Ŀò¶˼۵ħ
ʱʹ̵ȴ˲ãֻĿؿǷɢɫ̲ס૵ôᡭôħʥ֣
˵֮ˮҹǷسħɱȥڷκٺС㲻֮ҲϽȥ
ʱǽɫĹչСѾһɳ죬˵Ͽա
ӴؿС㣬ʱŮϵħʥŮϢݴ棬ͨһڵأЩˮҹһسŰеŮ
СħʥŮȫֵʱɢϢħ˵Ѫѹƣǲݿܵġ
ͬʱǵϻڳ˯ħ̥ʥŮĸ£Ȼ˲ѣ׷ȻʥŮĽ¡
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ȻܲµС׺˼͵͵˵ЩǲСеĻϲڵĵӣǵҲ̫ˣҲ£ӦòǰɡЩӿɾͲô˰ɣ
ͬʱոմħѳĶԨӺһԾ˿ӦĴ󴬡
ҲڴͷǸڰյĺкɽһɳĽɫ
ǡ񼣣һֱɣɵż粡̬Ŀ
񿴵˾˾һһ¡
ԨɲؿǳĽɫܡôħʥ⣿ѵħҪҸȼ
뵽⣬üͷʣȴԼòȴӰ١
⺣һˣȴ·硣
Ȼ̽üĿۼȴͶԼеĻ絶ʡ
һɢ̹âͷڣȫջ
ԭӦñħ壬ȻݷƯ˼ħϡ
ЩŽƭȡ·飬ԭΪݣһҪ췣ġּŶԨ಻Ϊ֪Ĺ
ԭҪƾһ֮ϢƽϢһеġħʥٴȼƱҪͥ
뵽⣬ԨüͷɵšһٲƽյƵᣬѡ
һȻԽħĴս֮󣬱ɲȡ֮ߡ
ֻҪλ鲻Ҫ̫۶ѵúͿһֻ۱һֻ۵ġҲǶԨĵԽԽ½ԭ֮һ
ħ帴ˣʥֱʣֻ˫հϵۣҲòˡ
뵽⣬Ԩ̽ͷ˿Ͷ䵽һ⡣Ըҿܺ壬ȥȥء
˵⻰ͻȻֱֱԵѳһ͸Ĺ٣ٳ
֪ǶԨصͥȥˡ
ͬʱıҲѣ͵ۺҪ
һԵĹڵ׼ûһŶѪϣԪٴζס
˻֣ʾ˽ã͵µôõ岻ѰöԨҪá
ðƵرܺ塣ϾҪԨѰλɵķ
ǵϾǷʲô
ǻڲϳƶ˵Ľ⣬۳ԵؿţǸڳͥܽΪУǸжá
뵽⣬еԳ̬ϣ̲ס¶ζ͸޾̰Ц
Ҳ˼亣ϵĲӿʱͥԨɸУһɫʣͷ־ĵ۾ۡ
ǻû곹Լﰲһǰƾͼ϶
Ԩû뵽κٵջص磬ƽװһơ
ع鱾˼䷲̥ƣȻҲ衣
̧ۿԼʱȴ΢΢һȻϽʩĸסôˣ
ֻվǰǸòi޸߸߶Ůƣͷŵ⣬̫ŴŻӵеĺɸ
ĸʥŮʱŭصԼĶӣôĵӣѪɸѰ㣬治֪Ȼ˽· 
ԨĸʥŮ죬ֻǰ̧ͷ̽񡭡Ҳ֪£
ĸʱҲǼѹŭ֪ĹΪڻܰȻڶ˽춯ѾȥˣǰȥѾ¡˵·ȥΪʲôΪҪȥײҹ׵۾˼٣ٰһ٣ɻعͥˡҲºͥģ
Ԩ۴ʱ֪΢΢һɡ
֪ԼĸڱչԼһʱҲֻҪĸ׿һ㣬ҲǴ»СС»˰ˡ
ϾͥĴС񣬶ĸ״͡
Цŵصһʱƣȥߡ
ϧϰ߱۵ۣпɲɳӣҪɻصĶӣΪҲ֪ǻģҪȥ˾ѰħʥⶼҪͱƾˣĸۣ̫񣬲ֹĸף޿ܣ˵ɣħʥ⵽ô£


103 
ԨҲ֪ĸ׵ľʤࡣ
˼𣬼޷ص硣Ҫĸ׼ʱ죬ҽαװһڴͷʱҪ˽硣
λµĲСĸײֻճ
뵽⣬ڹ¶ĸ˵ĸףħٴҸȼˡ˼ħĸƭȡ֮·ħ̥ҡħʥֻͥĳ֮Ҫ֡
ĸʥŮҲ˲öЩ鰮ֻô콫¾ħǣľҲջٴ𣿡
ԨҲڻһΣʱﲻԸǣҪȥΪħ顣ǵʱסţȵǿʼʱ֪ȥʶȤβ
ʱΪѾת⣬˼ȥˡ
ʱյβľҲԵյġ
յǽľͷħ
ʱԨŻȻԭһʼԼ⣬ƭԼ˽ħ
ôĵ
ͥĸЩͷö֮УħҲֵÿ˹
һһħ̥ʵڳ˿öͷƤġ
ССŲ֨֨иûꡣæС귭룺˵ðħҲ̫ˡСôڰգ᲻ǱħסۣҪҲʦϴ˿ɾˡǼħģ
˵ʮʮκ̲סʣ֨֨Ȼôһ
ʵشû˵ô࣬Ŷ˽⣬²³ģ
κбһڱħŶԣСѾÿ
û˼ͽܵŪŪôСŪǹؼ
ڵħľѪƺھѣȻܿƵħʥŮְ𣬴˵µħ̥
ýѣܾʹ˱ơ
뵽⣬κٱۣڵħԼ壬ֻôһ˲䣬ȫٴθǺۣйħȻһԾֱֱСȥ
˼ħκٲûǰǰħȫɿأұ־
ԾСǰʱֱҪסǻûȿͱСɢһӺݺݻ˵档
ǼӲϢȻҲκҳһĴӡ
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κٴӿһԾ
ħħǲͬģһκеᡣ
οСħʥŮһȫѣʵС
ʱµ˶ԶԶܿˡħѪħȴˡ
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κͬǽáСȥȫħѪƣôֻ֪һζܵϺк죿
ǸôС㣿
κŰеĽŮɢĽ⣬ͻȻŨüһʲô
תͷʵз𾭣
ٱϻָָԶˮûԭСڲ֪ˮ嵽ȥˡ
ֵʦҪҿĬ
κٳĬûã죡дڵϣ
˵ţ㽫Լ췣֮ݸ
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ĬȻſڿʼж𾭡
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ϺܿƮҡգ˽ŮΧ
κҲ֪ûáʥŮħǶʱ򣬾վܵĹ׵۾ж𾭵Ѭա
Ů˵ж𾭻ħ߱ɱԣ֮ơ
ﵱǻΪҲˡ
κ֪жҪרע֮ʱҲǲҷɷļʿдκж𾭵ҲԽԽ󣬾·ĺˮҲӦ𵴡
Դ֮СͱովѵħѪ֧䣬ʶҲһƬ֮С
ǲ֪ʲôʱƺ΢͸İһ͸
ǵͳ޾ϤУԼӿѪƺںͬ·̫Ǳơ
أС̲ס˶ƮҪѰķ򣬵ԽԽʱ̲סҪٽЩҪٽЩ
һϤůĻʱ˵Ķ
ƺëĶա촽ҷ
ģ̲סҪЦС۾ȴԼȻղ۵˻š
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ʱ˿̣Ƕ˶ڰգӵصĽķ꺧ˣֻʣǶˡ
СκԼЩκصκ٣ҷһκķ𾭣һ
κٺݺݵƵŮ֪Сյһ̣ҲŸȥ
ִŮǰССڷһ⧲ͻȥ
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κٵоɢ߷ħѪǶ˶ʱ컣ڽ󣬾ͱħ˸ɢ
ôôħˣС̲סʵ
κޱ˵಻٣߷ģǹ棬ߵħʥŮء
С㿴ŵԸΪ׵ЩϵħˣֻͷƤը
ħѪѣҲ㶼νħʥŮҸӲĴҲˣҪЩ֮ףԭ
ѾǵǸԨҲΪ
СҪκǸϽ뿪ħ
ԵӶһõ֮ǰðʱСֻһЩ޹ƭħڡȻ̰ﲻΪһ˽ƭô˵·񱻶ѪɣҲǾȡҲǵʲôʥŮҾңڵĵӴС㡣
Ļϲ̧ͷ
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СĻȴǼǰħʥŮ縺ħ壬ֻѪծΣѲģ
κȴõŮ˵С㣬̧ͷһӣһӽӸ𵴿
ӵڵصʱЩһƬħ¶ⳤֱżҪ˺κ١
ǵС㻤κǰʱˣֻؿκ١
ʱм˴󺰵쿴⵺ڻ䣡ΧĽҲˣ
ǺʱǵѾ¡
κٻС֮⵺ʧȥ˸Ķ
Ȼŷŵƣ⵺ֱҪϾֱͥȻ˵ǰ㣬Сħ⧲һ
СѾκٻѣħĽѾˣʱߣʱ
κٻӶ췣֮һ·󣬱С㣬ǿ첽֮ǰϰͷ
ͣһûб˾ߵĴ
ǶϴСͿ߶˳뵺ˡ
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Ҳ棬˻ߵغʥŮôڲˣûħѪܱ
˻ĳͷƤ顣κټС㻹ڿɴŤͷԼС
ڵϣСħѪѵʱκپͲСƺԶԶ
ͽ֮ƺϵ֮˴ֲңκٲϣС⵺ϵħһ˿һϵ
ȻҲ֪Լһǹ׵۾ƹ˾ħɣСħħ
ǵļƺԱ˴˵ƺġ
ȻǾͽһһˡ
׵۾ħʥŮκٺʹСθɣ
ΪѲɹҲģĵҲ˵˦־˦֣
ħսһͿźáϵɶƶԨǰ㣬Ҳȷǵķʡǵ̫ƽ̫գ½ɹƭ
Сķ紵úңܿͽҴħ
ȿڵħʱκٵͷС㣬ȴᡣ
סС㲻ʱ˵ҡҲ֪ΪζޣֻǵǣҡʥŮѪôǿôоԼ˺üǧֻˮҹ
˻һԱˮ̲סһڽպȥˮ˳
һҲû˷ѣȫ絽ŲӿСˣǵС֨֨ҽС
СĨĨᣬԵѵѪԼļ¶
иҪĵˡΪ˾ԼڵѾױ䲻ˣҪҲǰ
ޣʱпܺڷͰë꣬ʱǲ̿ıһ
뵽⣬СͷԼСκٵҵڻһħ飬Ǹô
κ붼룬͸˴𰸣ħ󣬲˶ܼԦҲغأȻħΪسĿܡĸǳҲ⣬ħ飬ԼһһҪʦ
С֪κ˵е²޸õİ취ҪѰʺĵطжڵĺʯúǱУҲǸʱиˮϵĵطСԺúϰ޲յ̨ˡ
´ʱֵ硣
ħƣڰϵķ˿ǱһȻг֮䣬˵ԼһֱҲţ˴Ȥ˵飬ȥͥȥ㡣
һϣҪҸƮζĲ˹ӣһ˴á
ߴߴӵĲˣҲԲ
һ⣬С갮Եļȡ
ʧڵ֢״ѾͻԳֻһǼζĻܵ˹ݵһŻ
иս˹ݵḶ́ͱͻȻСһžҪȥߡ
һ˳һƿǿ̣Ǹʲô
Ǽ˺ǲãۿ˿һֱŻĺ꣬۵ô˴үһҪҪЩҩǮ˵Żȥ
κվǰŨüˣҪٰҸ
καǰǸ࣬üۼ䶼Ǳ˵Ϣ
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ⱲֻһֻǱġٱ䲻Ĵվǲܵˡ
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ûʲô취ΣѵҪתʱ⣬ٻصʱ
Ⱦ׼ʱķӣûаա
Ͼ֮ǰʱתҲֻǴŵʱ䣬һʱ⣬ٷʲô״˭Ҳұ֤
κȨ֮ߡǾȻعʯ£Ѱ֮
ʱǺ㶨ģС׺ȥ֮󣬿Զʱ䣬Ѱȫķӣٽ
̶֮󣬱׼
ǻû߳еʱ򣬽һȴλʿҹǵ಻ƣƺǰôҪҪ̯ǰһԣ
СκѭȥֻһͺͷϺУһֻһŰͼ̯ǰ
С㿴˿ͷЩЦΪУȴŵҵͼǺε
ѣɾ̯ŪЩƭǮҲҪЩɣּңʵ˿ȥۡ
ϺקϡļëǺһЦСʶһӾͿƶɮĸŷʵ̫࣬ΪˣһӦ߱зеиСɡǻֻ꣬ƶɮﻹйĺɣһԣʵʧˡ
˵ָָ꣬ԼļӣȻĿ
СҪǵ̫أĻᱻͷϺиЦˡ
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ϧһȴиԺƭģֻήҵСͻȻ̽ͷǼѵشĻȻҡҡλΰ̯λǰ
ϺмȻֲ֣΢ЦֵҸ㿴࣬
ǣС׺ϵһֻë׵ķצӣϺп


104 
צӣû·οã
ϺȴһؿţκٲͷҪǰڵٰλʩƺˣһ֣ƣܵԵ
˻һ˶Ĭˡ
ΪϺеĻȷһѪȷԵˡ顱ϡ
ϺСʲô·ΪܿԵ
κо裬ϰԵؽСקȻۿͷС
СȴǺϵ࣬⻰΢΢
ϺоȻҲĻЦЦʩӣҾܰƲ֡ЩҲģҪתĻᣬˡǵӲҲ첫һ
СתͷվκٺʹСˡ
ϺƺῴۿһСκ٣ĺǶλƺҲҪԵ衣Ƕλ͸ˮµͷһգǶλԵɹ
κٿƶϺǳСˡ
Ϻ˵СԵԵһκٵȭͷ̲סսˡ
СȴƺϺвĻ㱧ȭλɣֽǵǵİɣʳ˲Ե⣬бָ𣿡
Ϻҡ΢΢һЦָָľϵЩ̫ɣǾĸĸඡָ̣ǲҵǶλǸҽһˣ֮ԣҲδؿšֻƬϣжλδ˽飬һ֮û򣬻ʲô
С㿴ָķ򣬷ָǷħ
κüϺУȴûϺеϷ֣綴Ԩһ
Ͷ΢ǸϺСȫԨβס
ߵʲô·ѵǱȶԨҪԲſȫ֮ڶ¶
С㻹ڸϺ˵ЦһµԲǰ֮ˣȻˣǰĶԹҺθɣֻμԼڵպں˼ɡ£Ǿʹ˸ˡ
ϺҲǿҡӣ΢Цŵ˸־λ·ԼһҪ㣬ϾʱŮʩһգԽøЩ
˵⻰ݳһͭ
⾵ӣСѸٺ˲
⾵Ӷڶķڵ˵ʵ̫Ϥˣ
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ˮöɽԹ澵ӱа
ˮӵĻƺƯǶ飬ǰûµʱʱժϸϸһ
ڣ⾵ӾȻǵǰϺУаŵúܣ
ûȥǾӣСȴһ죬Ӹҧ˹
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Ϻдһ飬ǵ˫ãȻܡ
һֻСǰʱŵһȻײ˰ܵļӣҵҽУιҲ˯ȴŪˣǮҵǮ
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ͷеڴ˹ǣڶλѾʧˣֻʣԭСС
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һģһľӣǰ˴СҲ֪ζʲôǸϺûͷûԵѵǶԨָȰκٷֵģ
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üͷýģһȻ˾ĴҲ򿪣ΪʦʱСڷĲʱѣǴűʦʱˣûж˾ܳ
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˾֮ҪһȺ׷ϣȷЦ
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Сκ٣ٶȸ죬С㣬ȫؽ˱ɷǰˡ
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ɵģԲ˼𣬴˾ɸЩ
һڶෲ˰ڮ٣ĿɲΪĸҲȣͷ׹Ҳеġ
Ȼħģ޷һһϵµ֡
ڸλӦ֮˵ľڶԨʾڶħޣЩ˾һ˽磬ҪͿ̿
ɸ飬¶Ӳ
ǶԨȴ΢Ц˾ħݣ˾Եʣ֪˾֮׹볾١Щħ޾ɱЩҲֻ׵۾˷ְأϽӺθɣ
˵⣬һ٣˾ȻӺȥȴɿɼȥ׵۾ǹزãλҲܲܿšڴѲٿħޣλѡʱĸʥŮԣȥ˾нͳְܹ֮Ը⣿
Ѿ㵽ݶˣ¶Ϳֱ׹̨ˡ
ɣһ·նɽ죬û뵽ɽӵȫѷ˽硣
ȻΪɣ˭ߴߣ
һֱɽеſ¹Χ¶ӣԨⷬ˵óĶˡ
㶷˾ſڣǵѣЩޡ
ڶԨԣԯ񾵿˽ڷһĻ
κٺʹСǱʱ¶ҲǲмƲ졣
˾֮ȻһȺ˾ħ׷Ǳӣ˵ȥɽһЦ
λϵǿȡһѵǾҪ˼䣬ȱȹǱӡ
뵽ЩħŰ˼䣬׻ٵ˹׵۾̨Ϳ˳Ϊ˾һʱ¶ӵЦŨ
ͻȻԯļȫʧȥӰ١
Щħһ·׷ͼꤣʧȥĿ֮󣬷׷׵ת˷Ϯ˸Ĵ䡣
һ·ʱ֮ľɣӵĻ⣬˵Ŷ׷ģŴųͷӦԡ
İɽ´ǰըѣֹ߾޳ûĿֲʱһŵֻйص棬ȵķݶˡ
׵۾ЩħʱȺ˷߿˵Ǹ׵۾粻ˣЩħųģЩħҼ԰վ͵
ɻͷһ⻰޴ֻܺߺ˾֮а˼䡣
ͬʱĬĬ˱аսĶԨɵţӴƽ
Ԩ΢΢һЦΪɣҪʵһ񼣣ʵʱҲή񼣣ոЩħ
ʱԴԴϵ˼޲񡭡
ۿЩħҪˣͻȻһ
ֻһֻ๷ģСޣβͣЩħ֮ǰ
˾ħŲϺŵСආʳʬޣʱЩίѴ졣
ΪһʧκٵСӸץסˣȶС洫浽
ǰκٲԸһЩ˹ƵķˣҲ˵
ڣǽʲô£һֻСʳʬޣɲʲôʥްκپȻҪԸħôޣ
أ̫£˾ϼңקЩõĻϻԡ
ʱˣ
ĴС㽫һѷʳʬ޵ĺϣȻͷԣһƱˣ뿴ôĴʥ޶ûͰ˷ܵ㣬һὫǶԵѾѷ֤һŲ
˻
ʳʬҲˡǸκٲٿƺǰǿˣǰ˾֮׵۾֧
κҲվʳʬ޵
СֱۣŮȵĺӣһԵģͣ
˵꣬κٵͷκƳһ۵ֲʳʬޣҵͷûãһƱң
С㿴΢۲ӣ̲סСҪôͰ
κЦһ£ͷĶߵ͵˵Щʲô˳㻹һĶ
С㱻ЩʲôԱ˯͸һĴҰ֮𾪵ˡ
ǻûӦκѾϵҲ𵴿һ̣ħٴλɢϽ˺ۣڰգſ˺羨һĳХ
κһŮȵѪͳ
һ̣ȻŮ֮Ѫħħԣӵ˼¡ŮȫͬĴֿХ·һ㣬űɽȵħϯȥ
ֻһ̣¶ӵٿصħǵĶ˴Ұѹ
Ŷֱһʱԭ
ʱʳʬͻȻſֵ׵Ĵ죬͵һ̵һ
֮䣬ʳʬ޵ͱнתԼܡ
ԵԽ࣬ԽҲӱ뺷ͺ̳Ĺһ㣬ͬ࣬ԽԽ͡
գ۵ĹѾԵֻޣֻһ˲䣬ԴͬĴ죬ԵԽԽ˷ˡ
ʱ¶Ѿȫסˡ
ôܣԨ˵׵۾ѾѣΪħ
һħǿҲǸˣôܸŵo
ĵѾȫκٵĳХˡЩʧȥƵޣֱħʳʬɣʣµħﱻŵɪڿݷκٵĳХʼ˾۷ˡ
ԨҲһУƳ¶ӣֻ㱾£ĵȻѹƲסĳХ
¶ӱ̧ۣϽֽǵѷߣ߶
һΣҪǱԽԽʳʬޡתɣй׵۾ķ֮أ
ϧ֪κʳʬǳõĽ飬Ƕġ
һδʳʬ޶ͬҲκٵĶС
ԭˣֲЩħ޷·˲ٿһ㣬һֱ׷ǲšԭи֪Ĵ߶ٿħޡ
һΣκٶ˶׼ȷѰ˵ķ
ĵԳԽ˴κٷһûôı¡
ɲϣǴͨδϣֻҪ֮ԼĳХħ߷򴫵Ϳλ˿һ
뵽⣬κٴ߷ܳХ·Ѹٴ߷٣ŵٴݶȥ
Ǵݵ;󾢲㣬Ҳݲϡ
ʱС˹񣬽κٵĺ֮ϣħʥŮ֮ԴԴϵسκٴݹȥ
Сκٵħ飬ö˵谭ػഫݡ
СκٵħʢХ֮ƣ羪ֱ
ڶԨԯʱͻȻǺХԶһ㴫
ԯ񾵵ľ棬ȻҲʼ𵴣𶯵
ԯ񾵱һ˲䣬¶еĹǵҲڽѣִյӵָҲ򴫵۶ˡ
ѽҵ֡ҵ۾
ԭѵľƬȻ¶ӵ˫У̵¶Ѫһʱ۵ش
ԨŲʱͼ󳷣㣬ʥҲӵƬ˼ӡ


105 
Ԩʱ˲شȵӣŵصصƬ
ЩƬϡԿص׷ħɢʱСһĵЦ§ס˺˵Ĳƺϲڿʲô
ԨòԽԽ
񷴶ˣٳΪݣ
κ٣㵽ҪʲôѵѾ׷ɣ׼Աħݵֿ
ڶԨ벻ŵʱ¶ѾץסĽס
ȻˣҲ޷ֻҪͿԻñɵ۾
Ͼ֮ͥ£ҪɣԸͽɣԸ۾ġ
ǻûͻȻʲôĶᴩš
¶ӲŵŹᴩԼɽôᣬ´ԨôҲͥʣ´˶֣
ѵˣҲɣױɱ
Ԩس˽ŽϹ϶صĵģѽ̫ŴնɱħĹŽħ˽նɱҲ̻ѽ£Ҳ㲻
¶˽˾ħ飬ȻǶ˲̨棬ѡ˽ɽҲԭġ
˴Ĳ£Ҳ࣬¶˵飬˿֪
һСС񣬾㲻ӰҲȥ顣
Ԩ¶ֻκˡ
ʱһֱĬڶԨСĸʥŮ԰𶯣ֳộֻҪ
ԨسһЦʲôηηţĸҲڵĸˡĵΪǳϮĸ׵ģ´̫˼
ĸ˵˼ЩĹʲôҪġ͵͵ռ˼帣˵飬ȴҪκõġ
ڸôĸҲϸϸһֻҪͰ࣬Ӧòʲô⡣
κٺСʵԶԶԤϣһΣֲճԤС
ʧöԨʱסҪڱġܵ˴£˽˶Թ
뵽⣬ͣת뿪˺ɽ
˵˼κٺʹС㣬֮ѡڴ˴֣ΪɳǶˡ
ȻȥԼӰ٣Щħ޾Ҫˣǵϣʹ˶֣Ҵʳʬޣޡ
ƺ飬ҵĸǳǰˣʱһӦ飬ȫκٵİš
ĴǶĿ˴ļ˶ԿЩӵصðĹĳ档
ۿǸԵСɽһĹޣһɰͷʧˡ
Ще׳ŵǰߣ̽ʵλˣɣ
Сתͷɽһ˱ȭֻ·ģɻЩħļգ׳ˡӦˣǿԻȥƽøĴǶúϢˣ
ôһ˵ٿЩһףѵصҾǵ˼¡
иۼģһۿκٶͷѺµͼ˰̡
죬һʱ벻ļֱȥʱ·˴׼Ӱİʱһۿ﹩Ĺ׵۾
ͷӡɲǸǸӢͷϵһģ
һʱ㶣Ȼйݣֱ˾֮飬ոôħޣ
ĴһǸǿһģҲЩȻ
Թ׵۾ְصĿʼ͡
һʱ䣬˾֮Ĵֵ÷зﶼǡ
κٺСҲ˳ĵػص˹ʯ¡
ٿϴɽµԲʯϿµЦһʱЩ˷֮С
ϴЦȻȴֻ˯û
ԴСħʥŮѪԺֻ㲻ٻصϡ
ʱֻصϼңɽͷתһ㿪˺ɽǴ֮
̲Ϫˮľ󡣲ֻͣפ֦ͩͷʱȴȸ뿪ʱ˲ֹһȦ
ûѰķ֮ǰҪ
ȴСֻ˴һ𣬱۸ˣҲҪ
ǰ˺һᣬ˸嵥ȥвʡסؾʱȱġ
ȥУκٺСؾ׼һ
κٿ˹ľԵ֦Ȼ˸ªСľݣСԺϢĵط
ȴ˵ȲҪؾҪԼסһʱ䡣
СκҪʲôκתͷħѪѣҪڵһħҲջڶħ飬һʱƲסħԣҪÿơҴħԺҲסһʱ䣬ԼȳؾҡҲʱҪҰˣٽ
ħ̫аС㱾ݡ˵һħᵽġ
֪Сǲǰ̫࣬ŮľΣȻֵܵסôаĶıԾȻκӰ졣
ħѪѡ˻ҲϢħûƺ⣬ֻ»޼ɵ
ħݷ̫׳󣬷Сɸ˺
Ȼһ⻰ݷСڵħ㿪ʼߴƾʲôӰôãǰǼֻ񣬻ûϼӣҪջȥ
С˺ֺЦĬĬħ̰ԲסˣûϺӡû˵ˡ㲻һֱұϽվ𣿸᲻õ㣿
ħ̰ƲŲҪأߺߵӲŲأ
ħ黹ǵԼκϵӣ·ʱ̱ʹĶˮ
Ȼħ˵ľ̳ħԡСڣȴȻԭϻľ
СҲǴС¿࣬ȴǼзǿĻ䣬ȴܱŽäĿֹۣҸȾߵˡ
СҲһֱ֡κ˺Ƕӣħ͸о˾ΥʹѰ
ǶӣСĴ֪˸˵ĶţԼ̣Ȼһֱʵʵġ
ϰСΪ飬κ˾ȻҪɻȥɣҪС
СԼλͷҲЩЦԷǣ޿κΡ
κԭˣ᲻С㣬Ҳסˡ
ǰκٷС㶼Ľħɸκ٣ΪκٿƲסħԡ
κٹһħ֮ƺԱǣûгһɿصΡ
κСҲԸⳢһ¡
Сκϥ֮󣬰ħүֿĶκһС㣬ǰڵķʽôشСｫħ̰˻ȥ
ֻħЩŲߣκ˰죬㱻СĴ
ֻ˾Ĵ΢Ⱥò׽ͷصʱںϸ̳˳
κٵ˫ѾŨīȫɫҲ˲䱩࣬ϵ·˲ѣ¶˶͵ؼ
ֻһΣȻûٳЩµĺۣ͸ޱа̧ʱͬѪҰһ㣬ݺݶǰŮ
֮ǰκѾС㣬ȹħ֮󣬾뿪ؾ
СֻܳȥȻãƺκٲٿȥȻײ˵Ļ
˸ͦı̰СϸײķҷϢֱ۲ܿصؽݺݹˡ
һ˿ռϷ磬κŬѹסӿڵĳ嶯ҧ֣ߣ
Сȴתͷκ١ʱ̣ʶͺܵɧҩʱΡ
§§ô̫仯ˡ
û뵽ǿħɹȥκٲûɱŰ֮ģɧƵġ
ˡǲҪڱϪˮﲻˣ
κٴʱŬ۵Űĳ嶯
ħ̰С㳯ϦദʱʲôеͷΪʲôع鵽ڵʱ򣬾ȻҪС㣿
ǿסˡֻҪСϽ뿪ͿԿԼȥ˺С㡭
ɾڵӿ˳ʱǷҷȴͻȻ˽Ļ
κŨڵ۾ֱ۲ؽ§ס㡭ʲôѵ֪Ҫܿˣ
СյϼһڣҲߣ㡭
κЩԼĶ䣬òãǰǳֹһɣ
Ҫɵħ尾
Ǹħ̰޶ȵĻֻ֣ǵŮѾһֳ޳ܻӡ
֪ʱ룬ֻҪŵ֮ززˣ
Сȴǲִֻرʵˣ׳ϲ˲䣺㲻ǽôǰò˵Ļˣֻ˵ǻӡϣ
Σû˵꣬СֻһתȻһӱκٿ˼ͷϣͷµر˸ոմõĲ
ֻﴫСЩмܲסѽκ٣С㾢õȹӣôһӾͽˣѽЩ
ϧŮ˵ʱҲʣ޼ٽǾ˿Ϯ׳ˢСеԺǡ
ҲκΪλˡ룬˾ʳʬһԵĸо᲻Ҳ㣿
¸ոսõļªݸǵҲ̫ʵǱײ˼أǽɢһѲݡ
ҲҺκٻţСûбǲݹˡ
Ӷˣ˶֪ͣ
СĺͣǷɤӶƵģУϱӸ¸½еСѻָˡ
ؾûʱ֮˵СҲ֪˶á
ߵڼȵʱ̣ƾԡǾǲ۵öôϣܽιȥ
رϪˮʱСܻһȻҧס˵ļݺݵһڡ
κٵļҧۣȻЦ
Ůйպ󣬲һڣֲҪ޺ϻڣ㣬ҲĿ֡ͽĲТûʦ˿
СʵŤһŤʱ⵹֪ħ鲢壬ʦĴԷԲԸĨ
κٽеһ
ںһܣҲӱ᲻ˡ
ϪˮУͣĻȴĪǸͷеĻ
ǲκһΪʲôƨԵֿ
κٰСϴͷ֮Ҳһֱû˵ֻ§סС㣬ϪˮȻϰΪ·Ű뿪Ц˵ҲûʲôħšʵҲؾҪȻéݸˣһһӶסһ䣬סһ䡣
Сתͷκ١ȻǿЦĿǣСȴе档
֮ǰħ޴˾ܳϥ룬ܲµǶԨɳĹ
ۺĸʥŮĶӣһٳ裬ܱȵġҪκٺĲʹ죬ǿֵ֮ĲֶΡ
κ٣ʵȷ˻˼ɽɣǱôħʥŮͥʷֶ
֮¾ãҲ˼ѵá
ʵĻС㶼һ˿Ķ
ôһأаħ꣬˼Դ
СϢʱκϪߵĹժ˹ӡ
ʵ֪֮κ֪СԻǸժ˼ź
ժӵʱƺ«ƺ«ȫһģһʵһ
һǰСڷʱµģһСﻤʱµġ
ͬʱյͬһƺ«ʱ֮ճһԡ
ͺС㣬ԭӦڲͬʱȫˣȴڴյһ
СԹӵʱκСƺ«Ͽ˲ͬ١
һŨü۵к«һӣŮ«
κٻϸĵԼһͷŮ«̵βӣôһǸСķ˼ơ
СҲذ׸ͷк«ɢȥҲκƽʱɢʱͷ˼Фơ
«һʱСؽ«ͷһ𣬴˸ᣬȻ̧ͷκЦᷢף룡
ĽᷢʽŮɻʱزٵʽ
ûеĹ¶ؾӦ׿Уý֮ԼĹϡ
ƺ«ȴǴȫȱʧ
СĵؿԾƺ«ޣǴЩϽͺˣһ׺ѡ
κٿŮҼҾһ㣬Ҳص˵ͷŪ黨ϣǶźã
СһʼͻȻ𻨶ǶǺ˼룬ʱξǸСڷ˴ŻǶβ͵ӡ
ѽúõǸϲ񣬱ȥץһֻ㣡
κЦס˵ȭҿɴû˵Ҫʲôѵ㻹룬ҪŪһֶ䣿
ڶֳһŵʱСһ֦ϵĲͻȻ
ͷи澵ҲӲﹾع˳
ͭһ·ֵĶߣॵͣ
ͬʱĿǾСɵʱǾ΢΢һ£ӳӰ
еˣκǲʶġ
С㿴һۣȴһ̲סʦ֣ʦ㣡


106 
ֻͭȻǶʦּߣжʦ㽭ľ
ʱشһžΡ
СʱǶҲһþӵļߣͽӸӳȥˡ
ʦһץ˾ӣϲӵغС㣡㡭㵽ȥˣôܵ澵ˣ
ԴǴСڵͻʱһ׹Сʦþʧˡ
ʣµͷӬʱڵĵʹŹһ٣˵ǽڵƺҲˣ˶ʧȥʶ
ǱʹŹСϽʣǸɺûΪǰɣ
ʱɺڳƤҩԸΪǹ˺һġ
Сʦôһʣʦȴʲôɺѹûﰡ
ʲôС㲻ŵصԲ۾ɺǶһִķ쵱ɺ¼ǶʦɫġôͻȻʶˣ
ʦ㣬ɺǽʦðǹĹͻȻϮңźʧ𣿡
ľһСʦãں˵˵ЩʲôǽŶеӣѹûŮӳֹʲôǹû˵
ʱС͸žӿλͬıƺصɽɽĴ
Ҳ˵ŵģǶ߹ڴôˮ
͸ؾƺ«ͬĵǴʱõͬһ澵ӣȴڲͬʱ
С죬һʱҲȷϾͬ١
˵ʶɺҲ֪ɺʲôǹҲ˵ģĴʦֺͶʦǶԻ˵滰ǰ£ֿܡеģ
νһһҲʱĶѾԽʱĶˡ
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뵽⣬СͻȻһĲΪĳ֣ǰѾĿȫǡ
νǣһȫĳ־ԶʲôĽ
С㾹ȻȥֻסǣǷڣǷڰɣǵʦ˭
ʦֿƢôãҲǾСʦʷϻʹ˲ͷϻصѵʧˣǵʦ浱ȻħκٰʦħʥŮΪŰΪݣû
СħʥŮƺţٴɵۡʦħʥŮָ
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С͸ӿʦְһȺ˵˷ڵĴáЩƲᣬŴʦֺͶʦȥء
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ʦʵ÷ϻˣԲ۾⾵ǴСôʲô֪ħͷκٰħʥŮħǧħȻħŮݷ伣ѵǧħȴǰͻħЩħĽĴɱӣΪһص幥ݴ뽮´ң㻹ΪʲôⲻǷϻѵҲҪѧĻʦ棬·ڵ̯Ӳܣ
ʱ͸ӿСԵκ١Ͷʦ㶼һ㶣ųа쳣İ˻
ǶʦȻɵС㣬ߵǡô죿ǡǡ찡ôʦղصĻħκô񡭡
ʱ·ǷˮùˣһĻ泹ʧӳյֻС㶵ӡ
κüʣǸСеĻ˶˭
Сָ֪Ǵʦּߡ
ʵ棬λɰĴͽＧߣŮŮͽｭľ
⾵Ӳ֪ΪΣȻͨ˱۸ĵĿȫǵһǡ
κٵüͷδ⣬§Сļ⾵͸Ų꣬ǸɮʹķţֺαذĻ棿
˵ֱ꣬һչ㽫⾵ֱֱ˦˺Ϫ
С㶢ˮ棬˼˺һᣬ˵ǣ֮ǰǰ㣬ؾﲻȥ㷽žһĻǼٵģҲվģ𣿡
κپʹ˶۵Сӣٳȥôһ±仯һջɾչʾıɽһǡ
һ̣Ϻ͸ʱָħ˵δ֮Ǻ˼ˡ
ԭ뱻͵ߵĶˣȻҵķʽճ
ڶħ岻֪˺˰ħħ
Щ˶Ѫħ壬ƺǻŭй޹ϣȻսң˴볯١
Ǿʦ˵ĻģôĽֹһȴ㲻ƭ˴븣˵ĶԨϡ
ҪٻħκٺϡҪ͵͵ħľѪŮϡ
СԽԽǣԽҲԽǴֵḷ́еĻˮȫκٵͷϡ
ǾգߵĿѣΪԹ۶ϼ
κ٣ԭöѣɷعͥȴɱħͷ˶󡭡
뵽⣬תͷǰһƺ«ޡᷢףµңվԵġ
뵽⣬ͻȻվºϪ澵ӣȻתͷκٵʵҲ֪һжģԲԣ
κٿŴʯ죬û˵ӱȻҲ֪С˵е
СЦκٵǰգΪˣԭҪܿѣû뵽һСģȴҪ°ճԿѡϺ˵ˣǵӲԸ첫һȻҶаħ֮ˣֻΪһ˽Ӻ°գǸԨǸɵļһк𣿡
κüͻȻһѽڻĲһֲʲôףûôıˡⱲֻһҪȫȻԸҾȥͥظҶһ⡭
˰ƺҪ˵һ֡˵һУʵжĬĬ֧֡
˾ǱЯ˷ؾ
ʱҲɹκٵָؾ
ĹɽˮۡС궼˷ܵ̽ͷȻ˵ϡ
ȻСĶ⣬ǿɢһصĲǽʱܲؽС
ûɫذæ룺ʣôŪôסˣ
⻰ʵôСͨ죬ֻ˷Ǽ´ײ
κپͽ̫ûɫȻ۰Ͱ͵ʡ
С꣬ȻȥŲݣЩӡ
һС꣬ʡûɫҺȻһȻסȻޡ㿴ľ㱸ˣŪɡ
ʱ֪ŷְͽСȻκٵ·ҿȥЩҲ糺첻ɫ
˶ϹѹǻԼ³Լʦƺͽƺϻڡ
ӣ۾һʱ֪δЩΡ
˵⣬κֿͽһ۵Ժͽܵʱ򣬲Ҫմɤţ۵Ļɫ¸ߵͲҪҪѧǫˣ
ſǸ߳ССУаСŵļƣ
뵽Сڶ󣬾Ȼ𱰵˳Ϧദκٵ
ٲԼͽԺͽܵʱ۹Щʲôè
ȻûͷûԣʦĽ̻壬űϼ¡
ȼ¼ˣκٱС֣׼뿪ؾ
ַֻ׷״ͩϷСͷУƺһ㡣
С̧ͷֻƺദ֮Ƕĵ⡣
Ͼ˵ԼķռԪˡ
ԼϲԭϢĪǡԼԼ᲻þˡ
ϧǸ˽ԸԼҲҪħһŮѾԶʧˡ
뵽⣬СԼǷЩĶҲҪֳȥȰħһҪԭ
ܲϣﵱһ˿õԸΪµĸԴŮħ帴˵ĿģǷħ߱ɱıԡ
κĺˣԨǸαˮų
֮⣬СҲûʲô̫춯صС
ֻҪиȫЩķӣúðһħˡ벻øӵǻȥˮֵǰ㣬ȥˡ
ļҹ£Ͳƿصˡ
ΪҲԼҪ㾡бˣǰĴ󰮣ʣµ·ֻһһˣ
ǴӷؾʱϦ¡Ȼؾĥ˺ܳʱ䣬Ƕ˵һʱˡ
νһգһˡ
ɽǰɽ·ԶκٱʾСſĺ󱳡
Сüʣֲǲߣ
κתͷ㷽Żֱۣ˵ǿҪĥˣԼߣҪĥۣұɣ
СգգۣŶȻ˼һѪӿ糺˫ա
ѽô˵ǲħô˵Խû
κŨüʱš𣺡ôħ鸽ʱ˵Щûģ
ħ鶼ڵħܻȻȥʱԳ˾ǻع鱾֮󣬲뱾ٶںϣȻħĳЩԸͻǿҲСʱʱʱƴڻ
ħ̰ϷС㡣κٶʱ޲ٽħһŽȸϡá
뵽⣬̲סһ⣬Ҳ˼ϷС֪ұ
ԴܻСĶʱȴô߷ֵĪϤ
ⲻħǸĿǰܾħԸӣκϿͬʣȴ߷ֵĿɰ
ħףҲκԸԭҰһ棬ԼԼĴףҲǴ׺Ū̳
С˵Щʲôã
ħദ̫ãС㵹Ǻܻᰲ׵Ļ
κٴ˹ҪƳħǰϽ˴ħͷĺ󱳣§ĲԺڣû˸۸ҡǿȥɡӵĴִҪҪһڴϥ¾
Ȼκոոʦϻڵˡ
±С㽡ɣһӱ㳯ķԾȥ
ҹɫһԽɫŮɢϯĽ
뵽⣬κٵĵȣֻ޲̹һɽ꾡
С㱻һ·ߵÿЦܵЩ
κֻһӰ㣬ȥǰɽ˷ţպ֮󣬷ҲҪû˵ľ
֮ЩҪ
ҪȰٺúˣȻǻҪȥħ
ľͱʯ޲ˡ
һʯûиһɢ
СøɽĹʯºɽǺ尲ҵĺõط
ٺסһʱ䣬ȷֻ˿԰ദҲӷؾ
ͬСĿ
ٲʯں̫һ屾ϲӡ
Ϊ˱С㣬һ·档ۿҪ붴ԨΪ׵ͥһú˼ȥˡ
СȡʯǶںɽɽȪʱʶˮ̲ʯ
мոճõС˦βͻܹȥڶȪˮ
ϵƤëܿҲڲõĽֻһõС
οĺ˲ͬѾʧȥڵٶȪˮҲ޲
ǷؾȻã̫ǸϲֵĹ飬ؾﹶܾÿ
£ʦСһȥħŻ
СἰԨпһħʱҲõһ
ȥħͲϴôִˡĸٴθκٴ㹻Ľͬʱҵӵܸǡ
Ȼ˶ɽ̫Զĸ֪ԼҪ붴Ԩ񿹺⣬޷˵
ֻҪڹ涨ʱＰʱ飬۷ɽ
ȻĻЩʿҲҪĸһ㣬ήɵͰ٪塣
ǹ˴󴬣׼ê𺽵ʱСȥȴӱ޵ƣƺһܵ
Сۼ⣬һӷ֣ƲӵͷĻơôκٵһģһ
Ⱥһɲǣ
ԭЩģ˾׵۾񡣾µ˻ɫ˵λ۾ڱ飬˾ӳޡ
λµĵ۾ҲºǱħˣ
ԭӣļƺ̫ƽЩȵ鷢ǰʱţλ˵ܽħ
һʱ䣬ܶߵݡ
κС˵ģҲԼĽ񱻶ĤݵΡ
ʢȹɸĸǺֵ԰ġ
κȴʲôⷴӦޱ飬ɴһЩŮĵ棬ɵüͷԽԽ
һ߶Լҹﲻ̫ãһֱҪӣ׵۾ҹһ۷磬ΪʱκҲ̲ȥˡ
ԭνɣǱ˻ǮͿʹģ
Ԫ̱Ĵ趼ֵǮ
뵽⣬κһָȥ񣬶ʱ̮һƬ


107 
úõͻȻѣŮһ޴֣̿׷ײ²ʲô֮ס
СκҲ̫ǣֳö˶˵ĸ񣿾֪ҲԼʢ๮һԼ񡣡
κŨüʲô׵۾Ҳ˼һСӡЩտŶ񣬳Դԣƫƫ;⹩õܣǳɢ˳ӣʵݡ 
С𷽲λκɷʱκɫ׵ӣ̲סһЦôŮɷأ
κٵͷĶֻ
Сһ˺ƣǰôû֣ԼյͽܾȻôɫյģ͸˵һ˫صĻ˻
κЦ§סӵС˻ΣԼĸ첲ȻֿԶĺߣ˵ôʢƺֳĹйأ˵᲻ħйأ
С㷽Щ۵ʱҲôġ
Գתȥ˲ݣİԡ
Ȼһ裬ûһһȥ
ԭԴӺϹԺʼҥк졣
˵Ǻ죬ͥʱϵۣЩ󣬶ܱɽӡ
ȻյĹΪοõģ
ҥһ𣬴ǱҪ̽ۡ
Щǻ˽ӣҲ½©ǻʱҹ˼֮󣬱ŲȻ󸽽ＦѼ칷㿪ʼӶʧ٣˿ЩĴҹŪЩĲӣȻʳЩѪҺ
дȥ֣ҪѼ⳥
ǣһʱȴһҧ˺󣬱Ҳŷ˲ûмյĹ򣬱㿪ʼҪѪҧϱ
ֱȿȮ񼲣ȻܴȾ
Ǽֲ˼ҷŶľϣ׼ǳ
ЩҲֳƵ֢״
ӣɢа˵ֶߣϸٸٸɳӳ顣
ЩǾͿʼݷ𣬵ӣϽɢ߶
С⣬κĬĬЩ֢״ƺʲôаŵ֮ҪѪ⡣
ûмʱõΣֻǹֻҪ˵ġ
Ȼ΢һ˵ⲡ֢ѾˣҶĻ̡̻ǮģĴѰҽ
˲裬κٱҽĹȥЩ֢״
ȥҽһʮȫ迪·ҩ۸񲻹󣬶׼ܿ챻ǰҽĴΪҽ
ͱһ·շת˴һܴԺ䡣
⻧˼ǵصĸ˵Ҳûг㣬ǲմȾаġ
ϧСȴǰֵģҪżȥ֡
ֵʱ˳ĲҧҲѪ֢֮
ΪǸ˼ңＦѼҲ࣬λСЩӼÿһֻûѪ
κٺʹС㲽ʱСҧһֻĲӣ
춵סѪϪʣȥֲˡ
߽ʱСͻȻͣס˶۳ŴСȥȻħϵˮҹ˷ܵسС˹ȥ
κСӽС̧һžͽ߷ɡ
ǼȻǴСеģûøСƬС³Ѫһ£ˮҹĶ
ôһ˵Сһ
ȻͲ²⵽ЩϻĴ״ħйϵһȷϣЩѹ
ߵʱ˸Ӳ˵Ĺû뵽Ȼ䱾Ӻİա
ʱκۼ⣬ͻȻլƺӰζ
׷˳ȥС󡣵׷˵ʱǰ˵ͣ˽ŲתժԼͷĶ¶õİ
СһϳǸӣغصѪ֮õˡ
κٿôںϺ˻׷쵽ˣ
ƺҲû뵽ħʥŮظСʥŮҾ֪ǵģ
СֻŪһ¡ЩжĴֽţ
ҡҡͷԴʥŮˮҹĶҺȡһѪȻɾΪ˺ˣ⺦ħսʿˮҹ֮Ҳ֪ʲôǱ뵺ϣʮˮҹ棬͵ǵĶѪҲΪ˲ԪףԪ˵һ·׷鵽˴˴
ħ屻ȻıӻתƵ˺ϡ
ұƵϵħ뵺Ļ
ҲǾԼӣƴʣµ·׷£ԲŻðճ
ķ˸ʣ޼˵һҲǾƣߵص˵ϡ
С㿴˿ӣǰȥַ˸ӵͷ
ԴħʥѪѣڸο˵ʹҲʦͨѴʱֻһȪʣȻ࣬ϵҲȻС˺ܶࡣ
СȻ֪ԼǰԼħʥŮݺͬС
ڵ伮ĵģԭħʥŮĴڣȻƿħ壬Ǹעظħʥܣ̫ݵ˼άħľ䣬ħķ
ǰħǳ֮ŮħʵȨĿס
С˹֣ӵħʥŮǿ˸ֻһˡ
ʵҲ֪θ۳ȫ˵ʥŮ򽻵
ȷ˸˵ĶʵС㲻ϸ룬ܲµǺڸˡ
֪ħܣְȫ֮ˣǷںͼ⣬ֻʣ¶ԨˡǷˡ
Ͼаħ壬˵ͷ˷ȡˮҹĶӺ޹գΪΣ
ڻԹԨ֮ǰ˽·Ծ㷢ħҸȼ飬ҲֱۡħٴŰͿ̿飬ôԹܣͿֱͥˡκʱ˵
Сκ˵Ӧʮ֮оȫˣȷǶԨӵ·񡪡ɱǽ赶
뵽⣬С㵹ЦˣͷŴ޵ĸ߸ãתͷκٵô˰ô𣬲ɰװܹҪҪһ£ãİָԽ򣿡
Ԩ߸̫ãӦò̫ýϡˮתĹء
߾λı˵ǵ˽̳ˣ
֮һգͻȻλǴ֣ЩȾ˹֢֮˺ֻʩ˼룬ָһѪһŨҩ֮Щ˾Ȼˡ
֮ǰһĪչĴǾϲæѯʦӺδȻͨ
ҿĨָָԼüĻƵĹ׵۾ӡɽ׵۾ħΪΡ
Ϊħ޵飬ɹ׵۾ʮС
һ˾֮ӡҶʱȻ򣬸Ǿмѡ
ЩΪʲôȥһжʱ¶ɫ֪λɶҲ˵ĵ׵۾Ϲʱ붴Ԩ۾һսһ򣬱ǻƵսȣ򹲹֮ǸһǶԨԼ۵ĶӣͥҲаŮ˵ģǵҲǸݰаˣǶԨΪȡʤҲǲֶΣٷо׵۾֮Ҫ뷽跨ʱ֣Ȱվȥ˹ſ֡
ЩǱĺ˵˵һһ㶵ģԼЩ಻ȥˡ
ƭСԹ׵۾ĻȱΪöԨ֮ģԼ̫ʢԼըѣɲԼõõҲܽжԨ֡
С˵⻰ʱȻۺᣬȫ˹׵۾Ϊ˰յ踺ء
һ˵ʱ˾찡ʱ׵۾ըѶǻʲôԭ
ʱٵͷ಻֪ǳȻ񣬼ʱ˵ʢҪ˽ѣ񲻾񡭡
ɵĻû˵꣬ͱС׸ס졣
ͷ˸͵ǰӸصĶԨжͷѪѵǲ⣬Ҫʲôֻȥ
˱ˣһһۿˡЩǰӼΪûǮѼѪ˸ɫࡣ
ҹŵĶԨ񣬶֪ʲô˸Ҹϡá
֮ΧİҲûҪԨ޲񣬸ĺԨ͵͵ġ
ϾĹʵΪıȡ񣬱ɡǺˣǱ˵ö֮
չ˶Ԩ۾Լӵݣѹɣĸֹ˵С
ϾҲ̫˵Ȩ󣬶Ԩ۾ЩٶЩڱӣȨ£һʱ䵹Ǽߣһȫйˡ
ЩľٶͥǶԨߣǱԨͬŶ֪ϤһЩ
Ȼ֪ǰǱ˵Ͼʲôʵ顣һʱ䣬뿴ԨЦˣڡ


108 
ЦȻҲĸʥŮĶ˶ӣԵνԼ˼ô
Ԩϡǵ˼ԵǴκٸȴ޷ܵġ
κپǹԼ֮谭
ԼʱľȻˣôԼϵ˸ɾ
뵽ⶴԨı鲻ʣֻĮȻ֪Īĸһ֪Ľᡣ
ò˵͸Ԩһֱġ
Ҳˣħʥħ屾۶ϵѪҲõ޲ûԸԼĻħľܿľ괺㻹ͲˣԼĻǰħ帴ˣڣҲñͽ䣬ɢ
ĸһȴǶԨһֱرܲϵġţĸԸΪһȺĿħ˶ĹԪ꣡
ģҲһ˱ݺˣ˹׵۾룡
Ϊ˸Լԣ׵۾伫˾ȻȺ
׵۾ԣκ٣ɢܽͷ֮ޣ
뵽⣬µİשض΢΢˲ѿ˼
Ѿܾû˶ŭˡɫԨĪҪʧǽ̳ͳ֮ǻھŮ鰮ܵ񾳣
Ԩȴ΢΢һЦ˵вʷߺޣǸѴﵽ񾳣ĸף֪ѽĽᣬǳҲҪźǸ˼ķкβĸףҪȥһˣҪȷǸС㵽ǲת
֪Ԩ˵ϣ
·һˣʵʹ˷£Ҳ
뵽⣬㲻˼ѰֻҪΪΪΪ֮ӣͿ޷ˡ㸸һֱչزЩ۵̫Ŵ񣬿Ǵڣ
Ը˼֮˻֣ö뿪ɸ
ȶԨ뿪Ժ̷ԼŮӣǾŵģȻ˾
֮ǰ˾ħݣҿزϣС˾
ǲҳԶתٿһ΢΢üǸС㵱ûǰҲû
ӻӻĸƶϵǰ㣬ﵱûħʥŮСΥааŮӣܴϣҲ˼ңΪڡ
һأһȺֱһ𵤣Щ߿ɼ鵤ʳС
һι㣬һ״Ʋ㣬Ǻã
ԭһβɫ㣬ҵĸԽΪʳΪǣһΣɡ
νˮ֮ˣĸöˮ֪Լʶʱ񱨶ˡ
٩٩̸˼䣬ҲǴСаŮӦڵʱһ벦Ҳûа취
ߣתͷЦµ࣬ɹؼʱܳȴ㣬ɼҵĽ𵤣ûаιˮ࣬½ϵ࣬Щ飬㽻ɡ
ҴҶȥ
Ľȫأ˻׷𵤣̧֣ͷң
۱չؿ޵ĹѾδۡ
ȰӲɵŮ˽飬Լˣν֣ݶϣ˻
λһֻĴ󰮣Ͷӡ
ǧ꣬õľ˼Թ֪ĵǾǴ˶ǿס 
ԨµЩ£Ǳ֪ҪִϳͲġ
ܵ۵ǰŪʣ޼飬һжʰϽ̯¡
뵽⣬ٴǰٷΪΣҪ©еˣ
˵Ԩĸϸ˵ҪǷתѯ׺󣬱ٴθ굽½硣
ʱȴԼȫһ̫
пصĹڵӽͭ˦ǻǿɵҺ塣
еĺȾͲˣ浱ƸүģСι㣡
ԭ⼸һֱѰܣǲ̣ܽǵÿļڵӻºݻѵˡ
Ԩ˴ʱԼľϵĵ˰̣Ҳ֪ԭ⼸ӡ
֪ԼҪ壬ȴ˲ضԴ׼űŰƵã
뵽⣬Ԩ̲סһ𣬶ʱ˲ϵ
Щڵһһܳ˴ȥ
ǴʱĶԨҪդʱȴһΪԼȻЩһ㣬Ƴɵ
ˣֻ΢Σ
Ԩ΢һ룬еĸԴԹ𺦣˾޴
磬ͬޣ˼䣬ַ֮ԡ
ʱѾ첽̬仯ʱ̱֪Ԩ˼䡣
ɫؿһ۱һդ̻ʾһԵķڵԿ״ӣ΢ЦĲʲռҺ飬ûϣȻʱһ治֪úסĴܡ
ԨĪһЦҲ˵ԼʱĶ̴Ͼɲʲô֮ԨҵĶԹǲһһϸ
ץסԼİѱλմԣҪЩ󵨵Ĺ
ʱ³ɲȱҪԹʳǿ
ȶԨڴͷŷ⼸ƺһֱûпһֱںϴλΡ
붴Ԩ⼸յ顣ŶԨ֮ǰİţùڵٴ۷ħȡ˼ҹĶѪýαۣ˶Ѫ㽺ճҺݣӻص˺С
ЩǰЩӴȻɴزȥ˽ϵճҺȻȻرϹµļ̴ƤȻҹ֮
ˮҹĶܿ죬ҿԽ˴ˣȵ꼰һƬʱħ嶾Իµ飬ö֮ͥˡ
˭뵽ǸκٺʹС㾹Ȼǧƾ粻֮࣬Ǻһ꣬һ
ԨڴͷʱĬĬԼȻͬһ㣬ܵӦ֣
֪Լ˼䣬ҪЩȥС㡣
뵽⣬ԸǰСڵĴ䡣
̷Ըˮת棬ź߶ȥһ·ǰС
˵ⳡʱߡΪ˴СʥŮ֮Ѫֹܿɢ
Щںϴ̵ġۡҲռԻճɽˮӷеĶԡ
ڶպĽӣҲӷŸЩ˿ڵĴ廧˼ңж˼ҡ
ϾȥĶǼĶʣ¹¶ĸԹ
Щ¹ˣа󲻴ĺͯڵϸлɳΣС΢΢Щѹ
ҹʱ֣ڴӵݶκٿػЩ㯵ұóǰûңԨͲỽЩˮҹ棬ЩȥĴǻ᲻Ͳ˺ǵļҲؾЩˣ
κ˽С㣬ԳǽСƭӳʵе˼
û뵽ЩӣȻЩĬĬԼϣκٲɵļ
ʲôϵˮҹĶǶԨɢġ㲻Щˮҹ棬˷ָںĹʱҲӺˣƭȡǵ·Щħֹ̥˸ӣûԼʵ˶ˣ
κڴϣǺѵ˵ôĻСͷʱκٵͦǱרעؿһһһ˼ӵĸԽ㡣ȻҵԵָν
С֪˵ĶԣԼͬʱȴֻСڷתΪ˵ʱȴͲ
˶֪మκٺĪ͡
ů˱˴ˣٲɷ롣
뵽С̲סκЦҲκ¶ĻҲЦ
ôԿɵЦκٺСճ֪˴˼ˣʲô˵ֻôŶԷͻؿСȻֻСһ˵ĸо
κٿ۰𪣬۲ȶŮԼôЦ˾ؿǣбĵطҲǵҪը
ٲҪһѱŮȻ𼱻ǵܡ
СһӣǿЦõؿڣӣǼ鱻˴ɶ
κƽոСʱ֪һϹм飬СѾͷƬ̭ⷬ˰
һǲ㲻֪Լ˵
һʱ䣬Ϩ֮󣬱ЦֵŨСᣲ¡
Щ޵һ㲻ش˸ոϰĶԨС
ʱھ䲻Զɽͷ͵ĺ紵°ڣĵεӰֻ
ڱҲϬȻܿԶ
ֻκɢĽڵܿˡ
κٵĶռǿǲԼŮ˵͵
ǷӶԨȻҲʱڵĻȡ
Ȼĸ˵Ѿ𣬿ǻԴС㱨һ˿ϣΪŮϣ̫ФƵĶˡ
ԨھãСһһЦԽˡ
ǸŮΨһϵˡ
ԨֱڣԼףƺҲѰˡ
ǸŮӣĬؿŮϷֳԴס
ΪЩŮһײжռݳͷ
û뵽Ȼ°ֵ룬һ˿Ƕ£
ûħŮȴһ޵еĻǰ𽵹
ѵĵı
ԨһʱദʱĵΡʱãȴֲĶһˣ뿪Ц̽㷢֣ҲһˣΣ
ﵱʱЦⲻȴרעؿ縺ңҲӴȪ䣬ؼ䡭
һ̻㱾ǰǶԨڻʱȴ˫峺￴ǰûļᶨ
Ҳ֪ĸ磬Ϳ͸ίߵİϷֻһһεظᡣ
ֱô˵ñˣٲͷʹ
ԨͻȻöͷһۣȥʱͷϵӡȻٴðѪ
ͳ˲ǵƹɭȻһЦ
˭ۺĸʥŮĶӣٳ裬١
ȴҪΪɵá
ֳ裬Ȼȳ豾ɽܣ
Ƭ̵´ɣΪ˶ãκپͻףΪһˣǶôģ첻Ը
һ̣Ԩ¶˾ģС㣬ǲתҶκٳأ
ҹɫŨڣһжǰ𣬵ȴŲ֪ķꡣ


109 
飬ħЩˮҹȴûн
С֪ҸȼħΪݣЩħ壬Ҫ֤ǲΪ˼䣬ЩⶼҪһһġ
ǸŸ۷صʱҲǸӦŮЩˮҹ涼ͷߣʥŮ
ˮҹǶʥŮǾԾģСȹʱЩˮҹϹ£ʳ
Сĸӣȴطһͺôӣ
ԭһˮҹ棬ڸ뵺Ķ̶գȻȥ˴ֲڵƤ¶˵ģ
Ҳԭһ޶۲ǵӣʳ򵥵Ĵ
СΪħʥŮѵˮҹ澹ȻֻܽħŻӵеΡ
ǸӶʼϲġ
ЩӵˮҹƺҲ¶ԡ
СиŮҹ治֪ӺδѰһ黨ϣмСҹϣӡ
СʥŮԸҲӰЩҹ棬ǸʥŮСһܰ硭
һǾϲˮҹΣ˼սǿʱͥһսħҲ·硣
Сڸ仰սԽҲʣˮҹһأѵֻ¾кŮħѪҲϣħɱһɣ
ӱ˵һͣǲ޵δħսô֪ħܵƭ͡
С㵭ɨһۣͨ£ʥŮ
СľħӰ޴󣬾㸣Ҳٶ졣
С̾һûн︣ӡǸӣͽ˸Ӿķߺޣ
ǵŮҲܰװڿ׵۾о׿йЧħˮҹѾشı仯
Ȼħĳޣһܻ⡣ħֹɱ¾֮ģñˣȫŮһƬġ
ֻҪħܷ³ޣѧƽദСһħ尲
ħһ֮ͥЩŵҲܱһңһЩԨΪΪ֮ӡ
ħǨδκٺСħĵ伮Ҳ˴ŷ
ħǳս֮ǰλطɽ֮ԣ⴦طȻɽͬһɽߡ
ݶ÷ˮԣ˵ɽ˾֮ڣôطɽӦ˵˾֮ˣ
̫ʱڵĴץ˺޺ѹħ֮
νħˣǵʵڵһѹ˾ħ
ֻǺħΪ۷䲻ħˣ췴֮ġ
ȻʢдƬߵμأѩɽأ̣ȴһֱħ峤֮
С˽ħͥԨԴͻȻһħ廹ǻصԭϢزŸá
ѹǶԨʹ˹ƣԺ̸иħľ裬ЩҲ׹ħǣħ
ҪǣԴκٵԺ˾ʱʱ궯֢״ؼħݣǽ
ħãôع鱾λã
ȻͬС뷨ħȴŷʥŮħǨԭַҲճ̡
ֻǨȥ¡ƾС㡢κٺħ˵ɲ
С˾ȴֻħϴһȴƶط
ҪħƶҪľ
С˼ŲӵʱûšڵϿѧãЩѽѧոӵҹǶ֡
ͽܵͷʹּΪʥʶ˼¡
ֻҪ͸ħԽ⣬ħϵѧҲǶϡ
һȺħ壬ȷܷѹ
Ͼ֮࣬ΣСЩˮҹȣɾ͸ˣһѧͻᡭ
ǲ֪ڸֻദúòãһʱɽķ˼˿ǰã
Щ¶ҹǱҲѧӣԶĺ˷Թһ̾
ƣδУ
κٲڵϣС㷢ԼŲħǲһŵʱֻ˵³ˡ
Сħµĵ伮Щ鼮ϿдħеľģСʦֻͨҪϼб㶮е˼
ؿŵϣˮҹӺﵽҬեȡ֭ˮζؿħ͵ĵ伮
伮¼Ķ̫Ŵʱڵ顣ڵδһ鷲ɵĹ¡
ɣҲôûʲô⣬̫ʱڣҲҪֳ˵󣬲޵
ĸʥŮĽϣǱΪͥѻ
СÿɼѻʹԽȥϣһҬ֭
ǲ֪ЩˮҹһǨħϼңܲӦ򡭡
ʱͷһɧмҴͣ
СӭȥʱŷκپȻСеĴܳȫˡ
ϰ뵺׳ۡ
ǶСǨħġ
˻˵ϾԼˡɣκ붯ģ
κȴûʲôü׸ѧʦһνʱѧ߷Ĵɱ˼ѹЩһ겻̫ŵܰһأɵĽǿؿɽţɵӡһ磬Ϊβ
Ĵ˸˫˫ʧƸ⣬ɵ˽ǵˡ
Ҳ˶κŲĴǣճĵ˵ʲôаħ
Сϵ⼸գʥŮ۹Ӱ죬õЩħǵò仯ԡ
Ѿȥܵ졣
ǵϵĲϲ̫ҶҬҶӰȹټϸѧһ֪⾭ģ˱ǹҾԶֺ
˿ȥһȺտĲ壬ɵͷɵԣֱ񣬲ʲô׵ĵط
С˵Ϲıһ磬գ۵Ĺ鲢ïؽһϵıߵıҹ£ЩˮҹǶˣһڵأһʥŮ£һʿ޺
ħʥս˽粢û̫ܲ롣֪ϤˣҲ죬
֪綼֪ħܣ˵ǿ˶ߣװɵ˵ƣҲһؿƿ
ǰ˾׵۾ԶԹ׵۾ĴκٵĻҲɡħǹλԶԨγЮƣôҲܾʹ˽ɽ
ɣΪ̫ӵı飬ȺҲüƽЩҰ˵ͬŲƴ˵
˸£޹ɽ˼ȴһ¡
һٴ˹Ϣ̳ǰڳ͡
ʱܣǬŲƵĴܴ߶ڼ̨֮ϵСһ֮
С⼸ħСסҲоԼǣܡ
ָоݣڿԽλܵתΪԼģȻϴһ㣬ħٴա
Сɢ⣬γߣǣ컺
ȻһƬ۷ĿĽϵħƾʧһ̱ػĵء
ħľɺڣͬһأʱ˿Ϸ죬ԭķ϶ϡ
ʧõħǣֳ˹֮ϡ
һʱ䣬ЩĴҲЩţȻ任ط͡
֮ǰȻӦˣȴôСκʦͽЩ˵Ρ
ֻǱű̫ӵ˼ģû뵽Ȼܳɣ
һʱҲǽףɽ֮ķѾǵ֮µһˣ
Ҳ˵˼仯ŲɽƵأµһɲǣϵɹҲ׷׸Ӧ
βϼڱεĺ֮ϣħطɽֵϢܿصĵ񴫵ݵ֮ͥϡ
۲٣ĸʥŮΪ֣ʱħֵϢü۲˵ħŰȻƷͥ²Ϳ̿½û뵽ĻϲߣȻħľҸȼýԻָλ飿
ĸְ֮ãλ˽޻ͬĸʥŮ顣
иϵȴͻȻڵس֣ħԵƽ˾֮طǣħȻɱ¾֮ģҲάƽҪһ塣Դħħڣòƽ⡣˾ʢʱʱħݣΪ˼䡣ԭй׵۾أЩǹ׵۾Ӧ֮˾ֻأǻҵġҿħرλƽ⣬Ǻ£ΪҪģ
ĸȥ˵̫Ŵ档
ͥٵĸҲҪ֡
ʵЩǣȻĳϿ
һЦͨϤ̫ŵʣȻҲ֪ħȻǬƽħ壬Ǻ޸жη֮ģͥΪǲħ壬ֻǻ°
룬޾㯵ʱħ峤Ҳ۲Ϊսͬšϧħ;һһٲҼǵõҲĴȱҪħ̸ֻǾ˵ǰŮ֮ԼóȻǡҲ췣Ǵɼǲ۱⣬ȻˣβҷøħһҲħΪõ⡣
΢΢һЦ汯ˣ߱ɱԵħҲĴʵұģֻħ嵱걻¾ضлݣֻҵҲ顣
̧ͷζ⣬Ȼ֪ȥ飿
Ц΢΢ЩֻǶһ£ŵȻ濪ڣͱ֮£һ۵һ㣬ɳʹħ嶨ʱսǺͣͿˡ
ҲԣֻǸ֣߳˼еĹɽǻӣһҡȥˡ
ۿȥ档
ȻƽմӲ£ȴͥڶࡣ·ȻĴܣ֮֮ͥԣܲ
ˣһҪЩɢɿôࣿ
мħ潻ﶮħʣǺˣ
Ҳǻ浱㻯ģԴǽһﵱʵʵĲЩӣôôǷǣ
öԨħϣһ޷̡
ĸʥŮٶ룬صԼɸرߣǼβٴ˹еĸʥŮһѽ𵤡
˵ħǨ㣬һɡ
Сٲðڲϯлλ
ϧҲ뿪ɽ̫ã˾ħ궯֪ΪΣƺֱ˴˾͵˳
һŲҳڵƣڱˣĸࡣ
Ϊ͵֮ˣĸҲ²ôɾַӦ
Դ˺ֶܶ
龫ģϲԽԵ췣췣֮ǰСħǵǨ㣬ǶԵˡ
˷ԸСκټ䣬˵˾궯֮󣬱ҴҶȥ
ɣȥȵ¶Ըɽʥּ
˴ȻǻĮȴħǧ֮ءЩħӦ죬ܿѧܵǽݣۿħյĳǽٴɳ
˵Ҳ֣ħǽ˴ģԶɽ㴫Ϣ˵˾궯ħǨ󣬾Ȼƽ˲١
֤С㵱ĲǶԵģħǵĽ죬þѹ˾аά˽
ԵħǨߣҲ˾ħ
Ĵңħĸ⣬˾ħҲء
Сֻӡ֤ԼκⷬٶûжԶǳ޿ɱܵĶӰ졣
Ϻиķˮ˼ΣԳӰ
ŪӣͻȻָ֪ǶĽӵЩӣ᲻ָϵֻǺϵӣ⾵Ӳſͨ飬ӳ󣿡
СʦĻеϸо˾ϽǶ·κ٣ħ½ĳǽϣڸ߸߹¹£˾ӡ
²һΣ¹Ͷ䵽ʱһٴӳճɽΡ
ھǰģǴʦּߺͶʦ㡭
ֻμһصɿžĴС㣬ߵʦýľѸٽ
СҪ֪ǱߵΣ㼱ɴʣʦ֣ңңʱɽɻ񣿡
ֻǺļߣرȭŴС㹰ֵλգ
СҲôòĴʦָһӡʦּǸͲ˵Ĵ³ӡ
Լ˵СĴʦڸӣȲضԱߵĶʦҰǵСʦôС㣡ôʶˣ
ֻĶλͬŻһۺͬûСʦð
֪ΪʲôСͻȻһʮֵĲʦ֣ʦ㣬ˣǴС㣬ʦĹŵӣôܲʶأ
ΣˡС㡱ֵʱѸٽ˸Ȼ̽ظ˵дС㣿


110 
СԱţʦּ˹˹ĵƺЩסˣƵصʲôȻðǷڵ̫ʦ棡ôĵӣ
Сһ㶡
ʦһԵʦ֣ʦĻǷڲմСе֮ˣӣҪǱ˼ҿˣҪ⣬ʦŵģ
һֽ˵ţɤӵСװǷڵ̫ʦ棬ǲʲô֮˵ܲܰ
⸱ӣϣʦƺκٵĶԺûٸıͽϣ˹
СĿ޴ʦֱ˹ʡ
ǰһĻֻͷðСǵ̫ʦҲдС㣿ںδǵʦںδ
С⻰ʵüһ㶣ü˭˲֪ҷ̫ʦʦѾڶǰţʦǰҲԲšôʣǺ˼
⻰һСԵκѾƨں˵˵ʲô
ʱߵĽľʲô㶵ؿСͻȻܿ
һᣬľóһؼȻͽܵһֻǿȥС㵱ߵһȥӺʵƺ˲ݡ
ľٷתȻ󷭵һҳʦ֣ʦǰԣ˵һ죬ˮӳԳ̫ʦˣͽһҳ
˵⣬ľһҳֽɴ˺˾ǰǸ㿴
СκٶҲֽ
һԿϤıʼҲһ
֪ȷԼıʼֻдЩ飬ѹͲ
ʱɽĴϴһд޺Ĺ˻ǵˡ
С㿴꣬ſҪ˵ʱϵѾƮƲ㣬Ǿ¹⣬΢΢ȫ
һʱߵ˳Ĭ
Сֿ̧˿֪ǲǴôһ˲䣬Լĸ첲ƺ͸һ̣Ҫɢ
κٷҲ˾ЩֶģôĻǶԸС֮ˣĿ
նݳķʽǽ˱޿ɱܣ
Ȼعƣɽǧǧ磬Ҳ˵ֲͬͬķصû뵽վȻͨһ澵ӣԼƽзͨ水ҳֽдС㣬Ҫˣ
ҳֽдţǶС֮ԡ˿Ѿ˸ϸ˴СȵϼңҪ⣬۸ȵߣʧ
һУ޼ôͬһСҲڡ˵ǰСҲʧ
κٵۿС㣬ȭͷɵսˡ
ɱ˵ֶΣǷ˼ǳó
ֲ˾һĪʧ
Ҫ󶯸ɸ꣬۸ı˵ˣ
ڣҲûǸϺǵһ澵ӣǰʱй⣬һҪؿ
κж⾵棬Ǽ٣Ȼɣһɵ档ΪѹܲʧȥСİܡ
ŷҳ¼˴С꾡ַԼڣκٵһʵرסߴͽ
СΪ޼汻ɱͻȻʧŻһ㣬ȫʧħģ붴ԨЩ߲
ȴһǰʦĬĬؾܵһпԲȵķ֪Ϊ˲һУ˶ٵĹֳԶٿͷ
κٵһĸм
Ӷûиʦôһ̡Ȼ֪κһʵ⣬ۿﻹûüתκѾƿ
ʦǲ̫ϰ߸̫飬Щڵļ磺Ƿ̫ҼţԺȻӱ黹
˵֮ԴС˵ħǣҡߣ̳ȥڣ
СڶǰǾӪСģϼҲԶĽؿ
޼ҵĶϸۣȫĥӵˮǴ޼ϰȥӺˮɽɽȪˮ
ÿ磬˵Ķ󣬴޼ϰͻСë¿ˮǰȥˮ
Ӫոһգˡ
һգһë¿ˮȥˮɽİɽˮ
ɽʯףȻ·׬ǮңвĻ
ʮأܳһҵȢޡ
Ҳ»һ绹ң§ϱ˯һ˵¸£ϱܻϴ޼ҵĶˣ
ϴˮӣŸɽȥ
ֻǽˮ֮ˣһǰˮǸƺ²ȣˮܵʯϵǡ
ϴҲ벻⣬ˮ֮󣬱㵣ӣߡ
ʱǳʱ䣬ϴ޺ɽӣߣȴýͻȻһ˶ڿշ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱʯϵˮȻɱϴһȣĺ׾Ҫʯˡ
ϴ޷̫ߣ£ױضѣ롣
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һҽУֻһԼɳĴˮԾ˳ڵ˼º󣬾Ȼֱʹȥˡ
ˣƺȻ̶࣬ˮѰɼͨˡ
ϴޱǰĹ⾰ŵ޴룬ǿصļһʱ֪˵Щʲôá
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һϳԵСȴĳԷز鿴⡣֮ǰСֽˣɢڷݵܣΧиʲô紵ݶܼʱٵط֡
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һ޶С㣬ôݵаʧ
ҹС㲢ûд˷аԼӡ
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￴ԼĴ޼ڰ¯ջҲǷ򳪸ڡ
ŴҲǽĽ
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СһЦͦıӵ˶жʩɫĵֽ㲻ˮҲض¡
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С㶼ˣȥģҸǴĸһСȥɣ
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κǰ⣬ٵˡûм˹ݣȡԵܹҪλͥջع׵۾λġ
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һʱ䣬СϺеԴǣ˵ֻҪκܳơ顱֣ɳɾʹҵ
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С̲ס˸磬Сֽһ絽˴⡣
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Сֽס֮мɢڵصֽˣСֽ˵ķȥȻˡ
һĻκٺС㶼ȴһתĿ⣬µ
ҵı¾ϷκƭʦСദôãҲ¯ࡣ
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֮κͻȻɾöסǸˡ
ҲûϵԼᱻ֡
С̴֮׵ķ뿴Ӧǹڵĵӡ
λ飬ҴǷ֮λŵģ
˵˱ӻͳһš
κ֪߻ʹѹȥӣʣţֻţα
ƺ͵˷Ը֪κٻдһʣæλ֪λֻصˡҲ֪ŶλһЩλšҲǸСආλɱңҲֻйޣκ飬翴
κȴһֱ㽫ȼմѹûп˼
С㿴κţЦ˵Ӵ˼ΪҲ˽ʮ֮˾š뻢ıƤɲأ
һκٺСѹûпŵ˼ͻȻһ³һѪ鴤һ£̱
ǱһСĵĵУѹڡ
ѾʹڵĹƶͷˡ
κٲϴһʲô鷳ָ𣬽ʬճɻҡ
ͷʱȴСڵϣͷϸоǻûбɢֽҡ
ʧЦô㻹ǺҪ˵ʲô
СڰԵľͷоŷơûˣֵҲ̫ˣҲסô뷨ӿհ
ֽѾȻҲܲĹƶһࡣŵˣ֪Ķ«Ҫʲô衣
κٿ˿ûлɢĻң룬Ҫ߾ȫСĺġ
ӻͳһֽڻҽϣȻӻͳһСƿӣװС֮ռƻ߶Һ
ߵĶҺһʱ䣬ʮ壬һԾīɫԾ֮ԭûдɢҽϵī۾Ȼӡֽϡ
īɫûȾǰСκٵ˲²Ϸ
Сתת飬΢Цκ٣Ҿãһϣ֣һԸλ


111 
Ⱳӵռ˱˵ԵɡֻκȻħȴЩңԶ
Ƚ֮λԨȻֻˣǿ͵ߵķ⣡
ŵӡ۸κٵͷһ˵£ʼͷ⣬˵Ǹ·ƺ࣬ƺҪ״˾ţųħħǶԿ˵Լ²ܿ࣬Բͨ籨ţ
С㵹һôң
С˵ȻָǶԨ֣ҲΪӦ
κת䣺ʲôҵģ˼˼䲻ѣһ˼䣬ɴչ֮ʱ
С뵽ħЩոհħˣѵһս޿ɱ⣿
дս˵ħˣңȫµҲҪС
һʱ䣬ңգǲ֪ϵǴ˿Ƿۣ˼ӵ״
ˣСʹ˱˯ˡ
Ҳ֪ôģȻ˯ʱκٲԼߡ
߳ȥѰҵʱȴκˮ˺Ӱ¡
ѵˮʾ
뵽⣬С˹ȥǾﲢʲôֻӳճκޱĿݡ
ôˣѵղֿķˣ
κתͷɫƽ˵ֻһԣҹãûճʲô
С㿴̽ʣ㡭ûʲôҰɣ
κٳ΢΢һЦôҪھˣ
С첻Էɻû˵ȴκһѽ˻
Ůͷʣôˣ
κȴգûʲôˣɽԶ常Դ޼СԺҲ常һħȥһöԨʲôֽš
СýյκЩ֡˵ʱԼҲʲʲô
ʹ˶Ҫݱ롣
ٷֿǰСԼ𶹻κ١
κٽӹǶһȻͻȻС㣺ηֿʱ䳤һЩ͵ס
С룺»Уʱˣһ㳤ʲôӣ㲻Ҫҷֿ̫ãҪЩң
κ˵ԼͻȻһһץĺףϺݺһڣƺǶǶԼ˵ûϵһסӡ
˵꣬һС㣬תȥ
СңκٵıӰһʱ񣬾ʱϴ޼ҵҲĢ
СĿκȥӣʣɳף
ôһʣСЩ˼һЦûءײߣҲʲôˣԻûг񡭡
⣬޼Ӳ޳ɵҡͷǻûףɲӦ÷ֱ̫áһįˣġΪβһߣ
С룬ˣϴ޼ſܶҪˡ
˴޼ӻֻһЦģ
޼С㲻Ȱֻҡͷ̾ˡ
СͷٿǸߴӰѾӰ٣ֻӳյĲãҰúԶԶ
ʱͥϣŻ˵ľӣ΢΢۾ʲô㲼ֵʱκٺʹС㾹Ȼʱϵˣô֪ 
ξ½磬ǽԪиһϣѰὫϴ޲̤ʯ׶ˮɱ⡣
û뵽С㼰ʱϵֱһӵˮԪ̵ó𣬺ԼҲܵˡ
ˣԪ񲻸˼ֻ۷ĸʥŮ
ĸҲû뵽龹ȻĽƶԣһЩʲô 
һǺ˵󣬸Һĸԣ
ԭҲû뵽ǸصǰĴСı¾ȻôͬһôҲŪ
СǻڣҵһжԻع
뵽⣬ĸۣͻȻӹһ˿
˼̫ĲȷԨʱƵ˼䣬ʵڲס
뵽⣬ϵųʥ⣬ٶԨ۾Ͽعͥ
ĸԸӳɵ۾һʱزˡҷŻʱǴػطҲڳص׷ĸڴ񸫡ƺˣ
һ򶨵⻰ڵһվô᲻
ǵƽֻǺ۸лѶɱ̫أ˹ˮ֮ڣˮӵ񸫵ɱ¾֮
۱չأĸĹ
ĸˮôͨĽ𣬾
ھӴӷعͥʱΪԪˣҲصˮǱ˶ߡ
ɹ٣ôͻȻʧ
һʣ֪Ԩ½ʱˮرͣá
ˮŵļٸͷʱֽ𣬻ûǸͷѾΪһɳ
һϷ֪ѾԨˡ
Ȼ֪ӵıԣǱһԣϣԽĴˣ
ɽԣϺӴ񸫾Ҫʲô
뵽⣬죡ųʥ⣬öԨ۷ͥ
һԵ£ǲþͻĸȻųʥ⣬ǶԨ۾ٳ޻Ӧƺϻ
˼ա
Ԩǰ˼ЩϷ֮ܡ
۵ʲôǼֱҪĴ
˺ȥ
뵽⣬Ը٣˵Ҫչһʱ䣬
ڴʱħ֮⣬Ԩڿ𽥸ħǳǽ
յħѾ֣ӵʥŮħͥĴ󻼡
Ѿչأͥ޷ɱѹԨ뵽Ӧ֮ߡ
˿Լе񸫣Ȼʱֱֻ۳һѣֻҪɳΪһѾ޸俪ɽ֮µ˾Ҳڻ¡
ͶԨԶħʱ󣬵ʵ˵зӳ״˾ţ֪Ҫʲôʱã
Ԩһۣ˹ʣôļˣҪ֪һ˾Ĵų״򿪣Ϳ̿ʱ£ܱԭҪ̡
ȭĻ²¿ǱҵȷܵܲħǣħΪЩգҲֵõģ
Ԩ⻰ԵΪΪ֮ˣʹСȡ֮
˵⣬Ƕһ£΢Цǲ֪үУǸȡǸأ
Ԩζһʣ΢΢һȴҲ΢Цɣ鲻ԭʱӦȡκ٣һˡ±ңɣֻһ˭
Ȼ˵ŷл۾ȴǰˡ
Ԩһթƭ˴֮ˡѵԼ͵͵κٵ飬֪ˣ
֪ŲǸ֤˶Ԩ𣬲Լ׳
뵽⣬Է˷š
Ҷ˽磬һı£˻ɣҲҪƾ¡
ۿħǡϧκٺʹС㲻ʶ̧٣ѵıõֶԸԨ


112 
ʧȥĸ񣬿ɲǰװױõģҪջرǮɣ
뵽ֻڶԨ󣬿ɿȴ·һ齫Ҫڵķ⡭
˵ϴ޶ĴС㣬ÿյճǰȼӣ˳ټСֽˣϾǷħǴļ伮
֪ôģǺܰ˯Ҳʱʱƣ֮УΪԼǲǰ̥һ뵽κ齼ۣСղһ΢졣
Ÿ޼һȥϵʱǶá
ɲǲ֮ǰйʧѪ֢֮ȻΪ
С˾͵þЩЦһ֮˺ʧѪ
ǵȳҩ̵ſڣСԼȴѪȷǿࡣ
ڵѳɣƾһ֧ţĲʡͺ񼫶ƣ˿Ũʱƣһ
ɴû˵޵ڵ֮ˣʧѪ֢֮
ص޼СԺϴڳ⣬ԴСŮסǼ֮ҵĻʳҲˣһ˶ⶼôһЩ
ƽС㶼λˮ£صԼӡ
ӴϷżħǴ飬֮ǰһ飬ǽʥŮ¼ʵΪʥŮħµʱֻǽ˹Ҳ¼ء
СһĿʮпͻȻһ
ԭһħʥŮ֮󣬲ʥŮ֣ԭġʱħͥħ˥ʱʥŮѪͻᱻѣ׳ħͬʱȴҲĶһʥŮôͺѲµʥŮ
ħƺ⡣ʥŮСһħѵļƷӣڼƵ׳ħ塭
СֻͷƤը
ԼѪʱҲħƯʱ򡣵ʱѣһ˵ǧħ̥
᲻ԭ򣬲Ѫ˥֢״
뵽СһͷΣ⵱һ˴ϡ
ͻȻޱҴ˿κѾ뿪ǱԼΣѲħʥŮѪ˥֢֮ڵΣһħġ
ǰһ⣬ȫ׷˹
Ѫ˥֢֮ҩɽôᣬҲ˿һ֮ˣɻûۣȴĶС㶼̲סҪЦˡʮˡȻԵԼŹ
ʱͻȻԺǽ⣬ľô
һᣬͻȻԼɢԺСֽŤƨɣľȻ衣
СŤƨɵСֽȥԺ⣬޼СԺԶĺӱߣٴοϺС
Ϻеͷ䣬Ǵŷӣ죬һɮּҵӡ
С΢΢һЦٴԵǲ֪ϴ͸òã
κ뿪ʱҲһˡСΪϺҪؾӣֻǸӲ⣬ʱ޷ɮ
ϺЦЦǵķԵδʱȻ
Сȭʣʸɮλˣ
ɮЦһ£ʷ𣺡ϴ˵Ļ͸
С㶨һλϺеʱ˵ʲô
Ŷ˵κΪԵǰ·Ҫ͸ˮ¶һգͻԵ
ֻǵʱŻС㲢ûзͷκٶ̰ĽԵ֮ˣɳãݲɣ˵˼Ҳ
ոշ֣ԼȻΪ׼ħѪ˥֢֮Ķ˽ףɲҪϳΪ˾ˮһ
ԼκٵǰضᴥħҪصǰޣòú³
뵽⣬СҡͷЦһ£ɮ㿴һѿƽ֮
ɮǽˣαسܽ٣Ҳصû֮ת
С˼Ԩֻص˼䣬ȷأôκٶȥ
ɮĻǸ˼λɮҲʵĺ档Ȼ֪ôѰˣ
С㶨ͻȻ¶һЦҲѧǻָҲ˻ң粻֣ȴ˵㻯ˣɼǸװºͿĺͿɡ
ɮû뵽µϵɣȻ٩
ͷЦݣݲðͿҲȵ֮գŻףѵĶװͿǺͿЩôִħ˵ħκעҪ֡췣ϱۡԩɥĸ֮䣬зȷѪѪ֡ϧдĽ٣㶼ˣֻؽѣȴԼģҲ治ã
˵֮Լŵ¨﷭ҡװźƽʱõ
ȥҵ׾ӵȻ͹飬ݸС㡣
ҪѵúͿʱҲܰ㡭
СոսӹӣǺͻȻһͨһˮУٴǳʱȴһŻʴУģҡôˮˣ⡭ģѾͷô졭ѽ㲻ϴһģ
С̾һ֪ʱλѾ뿪˺е塣
ӸУֻ֮صӥҲڶ
Сӹţչһԭħǵдš
м˵˴ʱħǵΡκٺǸദ죬Ѿڽŵĵز
ǵ̫ҹ˼εϵĶԨ۾ŭ˼̫࣬ȻŲԣϵ
̫ΣڷɽԨһܽ
̫⻰񲻶˼ñ¼ٰ̲¡
Тĸ֮ԣ̵ӣľɽԭеһٸĽҵٹڻש׼һĶԨ񣬹С
λþȻħǣ಻
Ҳ֪ǶԨǵħǲҾף̵ã
¾Ҫȥκȴֱ˼Ǹӳǵ٣Ҫ˽ս
ǶһԲϣ֡ȻκٵĶ֣¾ͱſڵء
Ǹӵײħԭ죬һ۸Щѱˮҹ漤ŭսıҲ˲伤ٴȥӣƤܵİ͹ƽĿҲÿ
κѾٲȻǰħĹȻһʱסڶ಻ˮҹ棬ǿ˳С
Ϊˮҹǵ˽ǿЩţǽĽ͸һһǺͽ˾档
˫ĹϵŶԨĽɣӦԽţ򲻵ѣżȱҪСħʥŮȥסˡ
С㿴ǾȻҪ޽Ԩʱ򣬶ʱһ
֮ħڣǴ˴Ĺذ̫ôԵ޹ΡⶴԨıǲʲôı
뵽⣬ֵ̳Ĵ޼СԺٳ״
ʱոոϹСصĴ˴ҿأд޼ҷ򸾳¡ЩҰٻˡ
СмرȭǼҴҸϻطǡ
ֻѪ˥̶ֻ֢֮һյĹƺּࡣ
Ҫеʱ򣬾Ȼӽϵ̲סһĿԣɿʱȴһ졭
СһǲøɾתȥȻһ·Ƕȥ
ֻĽųٿ죬ҲȲСϵǵʱѾȥա
·ݱʱȻǽЦЦϣ붴ԨֱһģһôĪ⡭


113 
˱־޴Сĺë׶ˡ
ĬĬһᣬ㱻졣
СҲԣֻǰСǰһᣬܱߵľɫһġ
ԭһ͸õħǣȫӰ٣ǰ
СǰҲǹǽƺʲô󷨸סˡ
ʱʵ˵·ϵôҪҪͬһ裿
ϤСתͷȥɢһƬµĲԳ衣
СʱѾԨĳǺ붴Ԩһʱһģһ
С䱸ؽŷҲֻЦôҪű˰ζ
ԨºһЦֻͻЩǰҲģǵӰζ˵˼Ҳ׵飬ҺαȥЩɷ羰ľ£ֻһ衣
СɲͲˣҪ·ݷС
Ԩ΢Ц˻֣Сʱŵƺһ
С㱻ѹҺüʱ¡
ոµʱ򣬶ԨѾԣúܽܽݸһ˼ȻȤǴĲҶǱͥƷֲժĲҶ㣿
СѪ˥֢֮ΪҲ½࣬붴ԨŵʱֲоøΪԡ
֪ԨǺʱƵԼ 涯һ˸ǶԨĶˡ
ĵؿ˿ңЩôֻһˣ
ԨЦ˵ѵöôᰲɷ羰ԣ
Сò˵ķţ̲סǳһЦԨ΢΢Щʧɫ촽ƺҲʲô
һĲ裬һĵʣӦҲ֪ħʥŮı׶˰ɣȻѪѣǿȴħ̲ƷˡûϵֻҪԸ⣬һ㣬ʧѪ֢֮
Сԣ̧۵ĳǲ֪Ҫøʲôۣ
Ԩ΢΢ķۣǿѱʵƵô
һ¿еĲ裬ſζתЦ˵ô˵ǴۣͶҲѪ˥֢֮ɣ޼Ҫ뿪κ٣ҵԡ
ô󵨶ֱ׵ĻʲôİʾСȻö
ϸüЦ̽Ŷʲôƣ
Ԩ΢΢һЦԲˣѪ˥֢֮ͬԲֻҪѰ֮ˣûѪԿˡţ㿴Ǵĺߣ㿴˥֮𣿡
С˻ȻͷȻͷʣ˵ߣǾ˵Ը⽫ԼѪңҵĳ
ԨЦݲҸѪ˺׵ģҿ԰취
СʧЦʲô취Լ񲻹ȥȥƭҵĸˣɲǸƴôӵþȻֱߵƭ磿
ԨЦݽȥ˵ʵԸˣʾ֮ϣвˣĸǱ̰ʹȡһñöˣܿ˵ıӣΪ񣬾ͻ˵Ĳ㣡ħ壬ΪͥݣҾɱǣҲееǴ֮
С㶼ҪЦˡԨȦƭɵӻʵ۵ʱѡڱڣӱ𷣡
ɵӻʵ޶֤
£еƣǸ߹赶ɱˡ
һˮ©ƫƫԼ֮ӵݣԽ޷졣
СЦ÷ʮ㣬ԨҲ֪룺㲻ؾαӡʱһЩ֮ΪҲǻ˹¡ôû˾㡣ִԲע·һ
С㵭㽲ˣǲǾͿˣϾ֮ˣҲֵôŪ֡
ԨС㻹ǲԼԣǳײЦˣƽ˵ں쳾Ѿ۾ʧңҲһٴȥˡ
˵꣬Ĵһӣ㳯Сȥ
˷Сٻصκ˵ߣҪġ
Сʱ䱸ʮ㣬Ԩ΢ʱѾĬˮ˶Ԩ
ˮܺҲҲҪȣ
ԨɿϷڵĵСú庢ӵĿǵѪ㣬ѹӲЩһúôġ
˵⻰ƻˮܣˮһ±㻯Ϊһ̲صˮ
СЩϷ۵ڶԨȫСİϷ
Сһʱû˰취ֻˣ԰ҡͷ㿿ң
ڶԨٴʱСҲǭ¿ֻٴҧҪˮܡ
ϧԨʧֻͷػƽˮſ׼Сק뻳
ոĿˮܣɫͻȻһ䣬·һ㣬ˣˮܣȻȻ̣Ҳ̻ơ
ⱾûʲôȻԨˮһ˲䣬ŵһ˵ζ
ͷԼȻڵƣɫŪʲôϷ
СʱٲžʧӣЦЦκ˼Ҫؿ࣬»عλŵӣȴϵµҴܣôƽĵұ㳢κپܵĵһ٣ֵܲܵסƻߵĶԣ
ƻߵ߶κСʶʱ͸СļߵĶҺװһˮ
СȻЩȴʣʾöԨˮܣɵڶʱˮȴССϣ
ƻ綴ԨҲ˴Сĵ
ԨҲҪǰѾͷˣ߶Ʒҡ
СķЦ˴˱˴ˣ㲻ҲҵѪ˥֢֮Ϳҵ𣿡
˵ʱС㵯еĻʱ˫ȼһ𣬶ΧҲΧ
Сʱ΢΢ȫŰΧʦǸɵӹţŴ˷ڣһԭΪ˲ӹŶͲҪǿ֧šѪ˥ʧҪңҶһҷһλǰܱܲȻغϣ
˵⻰һһѾΪСĲٿ֮Ϯȥ
ڵС㣬ͲǳƷڵ⺺ˡԴӴԽǰգභڷ⣬ԶԶʦ
ٿˮ𣬿任ǵ״ַ߾磬ǽԼȻԪغ϶Ϊһ
ǼŶԨ۶ȥʱȻɢƻ߶ζ
Ԩ֪ԼĿЩôض𻨷ɽЩǶһմȾǿɲˣ
ܵʱ򣬲Ծ㶯ǰ˵߶ɿȫ۵Σֻˤһԡ
⵱κħ߶ɲ˼Ѱ߶Ԩ񣬿ʱռݵȴķ塣
Է˲ܾܵʹҲʵݸ˶Ԩ۵̲סڵϴٲ߸ϵģ
Ԩ۵̲סԪϣǴʱĸµԼתֻͥܿʱƣСƥϡ
ûӦ壬Сһϡ
ʹ˶ԨԪͱС㻨ʮϡ
ոϵϵĶԨֻһؽֱ
ʱԭλȴʹش
һֱԨԪռݣò׵û˿Ȩȴоʹ
СûнҩֻӸһĸĵⵤ˹Ӧʱѹסԡ
۵ٶŲλˣҧʣ㡭ң
С޹ʼ򣺡ҶܵǶԨҪйߣϣҿԽӳ˵ˣ㲻һֱκ٣ҪԸ߶ħϣҪƼð˵ȡñߵĳɾͣ
˻𣿲ڴС㣬޶ԨȻ߶ĵ΢ħ֮㻯ƥ
ǾҪʱͻȻԾ˼ڵӣס Ժ˳
䣬һʱҲ߲۵鴤̲ܲˣϥ˹ƶ
ּˡЦ
Сû뵽Ҫͷ˳룬Ҳ絽ˣֻһֱǵ̵
뵽ԼǷţСһ̹Ȼһ£͸һ
ȴ˰֣üڵסСȥ·̫ļˡǽһɣòɣܻҪôκ̸̸
СһǼڵӣһϵȳζŨңӦöʦ嶾ȫĹڸ֡
ͬʱô˶ضҪԿ
뵽⣬СЦЦðҾ͹εóԸ
ʱĿѾٿС㣬Դ̬ؿǶס
ڣѾõԪֻҪ߱ɳɹܳɹռݶԨ񣬴Ӵ˰ѷ̥Ϊ֮
뵽⣬ⲽߵ߶ǰ
ʱ˿̣ͷѹͶá
ĻͳһںڵС⽣ϲģγʵʱСȻӭ
⽣ǶԨģԲŻϡ˽̫Ŵ߱񽣡
ֻ֪ԭĹ켣ɱκ١
Ҫ⽣ɱ˶ԨȻ񣬾ΪУ
ϣƭļһҵĶ񣬽Ҫ߱ɱˣ
뵽⣬ɵؾ߱񽣣һӿͷ
ͷµ˲䣬һϣȴһԵķڵһѪס
޴ݵʱֻܽУŲ̬Цһ߹ȥҴʵѪףǹץУȻһȥ
ȥȲصȴɱ䡪ɶԨģλȻڳλһҲ
ֵȣޱ仯ЩţԼĲˡ
ʱ̫Ѿ߸߹Ͷâ
ԶĽҲ֣һ˫ۣǶ˾ӣȻ⣬Ͷ䵽֡
ԡʱԼ˫ͻȻܿصסԼĲӣȻݺס
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˵֮ʱΧ˿һ졣ĲѾԼϣȻӦԵڵء
С㿴벶ȸںϷ룬Ҳɵõһ
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ǰʦֻĪĵʧˣȻļһҵˣ˽ҥλ
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ղŵĻԶ϶ǸҳһжԨֽš
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ķӦǽСΪ⡣
һǿиɣӵģôΣԸ£
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ʶλĽڵһôãСǴϿһеӡô˵СΪԼ
ŮǶԹԹ۸ģ
뵽⣬ͳλӰţڽϣƵķ֮ǰһֱ飬ֻܷһˡ
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ˣֻҧƳ׼ĸߴһ
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СۿԶ̳ƺǽƲֻҧקקһקǡ
ʱħǵĳŴ󿪣ӴħսʿǴӭʥŮ
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ָָߴֻһףͬĳˣħߴǽϣֳ췣֮ƺսһɱؿԶ۶̳


114 
С㿴κٵӰ׼ȥǻߣȴ˻ȥ
֪Լӣκ̫˵ᱻֶߡ
ʵڸϺн̸һСѾ˾Ҫκٴһأ˳عλ
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СľȥˣΪκٵǰȻκһʱԼһߣܻЩͷϾٶټ
ܹǻ˵ͷۼҪǿ
˶µĻ壬Գ嵭˼ɢŨ
㵽ʱκ֪ˣӦҲôԽܡ
뵽⣬СؿųǽߴӰȻתԸ˵㲻һֱҪΪȥħ屨ѩ𣿶ԨǵףԪ֮УǧѷĻᣬڴ˵أöԨ죡
ӵһȵ̫ˣʥŮ˷Ը۾ҪˡԸħսħеľ׵ħѾ룬ֻȽɫͽķѡ
ھħǻһξʱȴͻȻͣͻȻһѸǸ֮£ԣɢŲѰĹ⣬һϵ
⸫ӾǶԨĸ׹͵񸫡
Ԩھ쵽Լʱ򣬾Ѿ˶Բߡ
ջв̫ڷɽȻڴ˴ԽΣħˡ
ʱͿ˳˾ųħ֣ħ忹⣬ЩаħܾʱҲ˳β
ʱ򣬶Ԩ飬ƽħֵ齫˼Ϊ
޶ۣʱֻʢĻָָտɴ
뵽⣬Ԩȥħǣǻ񸫣׼ȥ
Ǿ߾ٸͷʱȴͻһӰݺײֱۣһ򣬱˼
ԨһߺȻκ١
ʱѾȫħϺۼףսһ㣬췣֮һֻ첲ϻ
Ԩһ⣬֪κҪնĸ첲ٲܾٸӿ
æ񸫣κٺݺݻȥ
СһԿĶһΪϮʵ̫죬ۿκٱ޿ɱܡ
κЩΪƺǾ࣬ٶҲ졣
ܿһһ;һ
СǲͻȻһʸӣʲôȼĲľ
̵שʱݣ
С̷Ըݷֲܣ
ʥŮķԸЩħսʿжܿЩݾյ鲼ضǡ
ͬʱС߷Щݵȼʱֵ＾ر鲼ݲݣƺܿӣŰΧ
ҲĬھͽӴơ
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СĲĽɫ̤յͨĴʱ̱ڻļ
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ɾʱͻȻʵ˲併±꣬ܿͽصĴϨ
Сһµ̫ѰˣڽкΪԨݻ
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СЦһ˭άԨаĪĸʥŮŶǰ
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˶Ŀɿڴؿκͬ׼ԲŵĸɮһͻȻϥȻƽĿܶԨþȫһ
һ̣СȫƴȫĴһκ٣
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С㿴ǰһĻ˻ߵĴУǽȥ˲ɶܣһӱ㽫˻ɡ
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ҪܣǱ޿ɱܣ
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˵һʱ򣬶Ԩžһֻ֣ϹȥҪסͶĽʥ⡣
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С£§סòϹĿ뼪ӵʱȴܾʲôԡ
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115 
Щڵѹû뵽ǰƲǸŮӣһյĹȻ
֮󣬿ŴСȻӰǲڻæ׷ȥˡ
Сһ·ֱڵĴ߿һȽյķŵʱڿϥ
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ס죬ôģСҲȥһӿ˳
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ڣЩ˰κҲһʧͺҵУһʱҲ¾ɼӣҲȷȥЩļǲˡ
һתۣС㸹ڵĹѾĸ£ϾҪʼԻˡڵĺƺڽ˶ԽʳľɽϾ¥ĳʳҲԲߡ
ҲͶͬţ˳ھͶЩ˳ھٳԡ
գʦǶһ̵ĳʳ@ڵȰСЩɽĳģ㿴ζϲʣ
ʦСԲ·Ҳɷѿģ˳ɽ
СȻûʲôθڣϻУɢúܡǿЦл˶ʦ㣬̷ڵϱá
ȶʦȥˣС㱾ۻţǷ˵ǣʵǺš
ѵθڣ׼һЩûа취Ҫʳڵĺֻ
ĲʽǺ⣬ǴＹ͹⣬֭ϺƤҲִӡ
СıζʳӶ룬һＹС
˿ѰҪף⽹ۣʶȵĿڸУҪúãǲðѿء
ǽյֱ¯ֻ࣬ҧһ£֭Ϳʼð
С㰲ؾ׽ţַһڡּһϺ
ɫʱͻȻڵվűЬͿʼȥ
ڷڵСľĳ˵ŻͿɢųЬܵˣֻŽűȻ԰СãȻĴѰһȦʣյķ˭ģ
ľΪСԳ˲ףϽ췣ϢŭļСʱź˲ȣΪ˷ˣͶȥˡҷʹ֪ͻȻѹûãԵġ֪˭ģǳԳ˲е
ףȻǴĲףǼȵζƣȻκָĲˣһģһζ
ʦͳﻥ౧ڳһǣŴССһӣӣˮס¯һЩ﷭ңһңһߴ󺰣κ٣ҳ֪⣡
ıž
ľǵؿСʦõ״̬Ҳ֪ôģԴʧһһҹӡǸʵŮȻѻ
ﾹȻ˲֪˭Ĺ⣬ۿŴСĶһһ󣬿ʼղ˵Լӵĸ˭
Ƿط䵹ǲ֪ײʲôа
ǸɽĳʵܲǰĹգһקԼΧȹšҿȡҴҵɽˡ
ļÿ˷ʱҪôǳҪôϣҪôڷǻôһ̾ĵĲȰڷڵӵǰ
ЩζҲСõζǴǡֻˣˡ
οǣСθڵǱԭԽãÿζܽ˳Եøɸɾ㲵·ӯһҲеģݹޡ
գճһϺ򣬼߾ǸڵˣôҲ䲻ߣɽǰվأ
С¿ӣй͵ôõȣ
ʵû뵽СãȻϼˡ
ϽԼķ죬ȻȥС㡣
ȿСʱΪԼ㲵ļˣû뵽Ȼ󣬹˵ӡ
˵޷ǾɺǸ⣬ͬʱҲԼļȻС㻳˱˵ĺӣҪչˣ岻ݴǣܵġ
Сȵţָһʵݹȥĵʣ˵˵Ҫôչң
ƺû뵽Сôһʣ֮£ͣһѾͬɺ˵ˣĻԼǰֶԲ֪κ֮¾Ĳչ˺ĸӡԸ⣬֮ǰ֮ȻЧһȢΪޣ㸹еĹ硭
û˵꣬С㿪ڵðʲôʱ򣿡
СӦ̫죬һʱӦֱ㶵ؿС㡣
Сĵôĵģֻǿ׻
̨ϣԼǸĿڣС㸹ڵĹ⣬ֲԼġ
СҲǿֻҸ˭νԸ⣬Ҳǿҿˡ
ڴСǰʱѵõֵĻᣡ
뵽⣬ǸԼһ㣬һӵȻ滰Ӧ֪ҶһƬģֻκ֮ǰһֱԡ
û˵꣬СǴϵãҲˣҶӽӾڲסˣЩ׼һдӼԽԽã
ȫû뵽ڵĴСѾȫȥ˱ˣȫһ޼ģ
Ҳ֪Ƕǰκ붴ԨĶսУԼȫȲᡣ
ԵȷСĿϼޣ¶ϲɫ˳ȥ׼ȥˡ
ȷʱ򣬴СԼҪ޸Ϣʱ˶ˣߵһ׷Ǻ
ľСʣʦã֮ǰǲԸ޸ôͻȻָˣ
Сµ£бȾӢΰҲ޸ѵҪ޸ﲻģˣڵϲֺͺɣȡȫҪմմϲ


116 
ʦ㽭ľ󣬾СôҲԣϾӢбµܣֱëǡ
ȷһǰС㻹ʶǡĺ˭ģ
ǴСеʵشĸԸϲ
ľڳС¶ʱСź΢΢ͦŶӣ֪һ˱˵ĺӣ˵缺ӳͿȻ徫׳긻ǿӣҸܹ黹ģʦ㣬˵ǲ
ǶʦС˵⻰ʱЩ˷ܣҲ߿࣬Ī·Ǻʲôġ
С˵˭
ľͬŵʦֵܣ˽¾ٽʼߺͰ㣬ǲʲô飬ܻס
㻹Щò³һѪָһԸո׽ӣ׼ԵϹֻܿװͰ͵ĸϻԸֻϹģ
ϹҲᱡ
Ǽ·˼ߵĻͻȻż׺ݵس˴죬ֻһ˲䣬;Ȼֵ˺ףܲſذס
ۼϹͻȻſŵѪڣʱŵþһˣ㱻ȵĻ
ĽľͰ㲻ԣôˡ
ָͱεϹ͵˵֡
ľͰ˳ָͷʱſһߣɵذŲӣ´ë޵ĳ
ľЦõתͷ˵ʦ֣ô˵顣ѵ㲻֪Сʦˡڽϱʱмζⶮµļ˺Щ˵ƨɣСʦأ
⻰ðҲͷ
ڽľ˵żĻʱֻгǹļ߿ǹٴſŵѪڣһ̵ӣ
߰ʾԼ岻ʣǿþҲƵֻˡ
ֻǷϲ֣һƬͨͨʱǰƾճֵķȴͻȻʧˡ
෹˵ġݡƺҲ뵡ˣȻ͵նɢ˷ˡ
СƺθںŽľ̵ѿزõķˣԵҲǽζ
ڼ䣬ɽ˼βױţӵĳӺ׳ۡ
С΢΢üһдӼôŪôҪô࣬ǽڵȴֻ˵æϲ׼ʿ
һǰ˵Ҳǵȳʱټɣ
Сû˵ʲô
ȵ˳գС㴩ľ廨Ĵ¡·ӦСⱲӴµʵ⻬ķβȹȹǽ߲壬ϸǵ׺鱦ʯ
ľС㻻·ʱ򣬶СԼָ׽ôļȹλ
ױæǰæΪС義ǹ󸾰ķ٣ټʽŵΣ֬ĵ׺޶ˣһԵͬʦ㶼ˡ
ʦãÿˣֻҪԵû겻ˣ ľһСһϲ̵
ԭǰһֱС㣬峿ͷ𣬾һֱŰֱС
ôΣڵķŴƿͣƺѰʲôˡ
ֱ¼˻ΣҲʲôҪ
СڻĿǴ۵ĺ졣ƺ˿Ҳûиܵϲ
ݵģѵô׼ؿ޸
нһ룬Ҫڵʱ򣬴Сһ־Ҳճˡ
뵽⣬ȵͣΣ
̽𻨽ǰУСҿһͻȻ⻨ڰգ̧֮ˣ磬С
ٶȣȻǱȵҪˡС㺰ʱȻתС㣬ȴСһ
ΪЩη򡭡Ȼû١ƺ塣
ʱѾ˾ڽ֮ǰ
˵ϲðȻȴֻ׼ɽʱľȴ
ⱾӦü˵ĴϣȻƸ߹ңȴʲô֮ˡҲ֪ΪΣúܣϲãá
һ۵ĸߴںҡҷĹӰֱڴڣƺڵ
СͻȻãƺڵã
ҲֻԶԶǰıӰ㣬ʵǱǸǰ;Ϊһ֮ȢеŮӣǳЦ»ˣֻԱ˵ҴС㱳壬ӻˡӴҶԹҲһʹ
˵꣬Сڶ䣬קųȹڣתҪµȥ
һ̣ƺʲôȴɿܵڿԾͬɵĺ컨ȹȻ˴һ˲䣬һʵȴĻС
Ǵź֮ˣϴߣϤ˿û䣬ôдԵĵͳ׼ôã˵޾ͲޣС㣬ôĵӣ
С˶סˣջؿֱۣܵҪȥߡȴƣס°ͣתһߣǲ׼С㿴
κ٣쵰ʲô֣СҪˣѰôãô֪ܲȴһζŲҲϳ
ò׼ˣȴŤǳϱҼˣ
һƳ̾Ϣ˵Сͷ͵ʹΪʲôͲٵȵȡڵҡŵġ
СʳŵģڶǰһӶҷˡЩһʬ⣬ʲôʧȥҺµģ
˵֮СŵѾ£ε°͵ıϡ
˵͵̾һҲֻ֣˳ƽС§˻У̰ŵϢ͵͵㻹ǵ֮ǰһ˿Ƿˮɣ
С㵱Ȼǵãʱκʱκٻµ˵ûʲô
κٵ͵˵տǾһҹһʮͬĶ󣬿һ⣬û㡭һ̣ұˣ㴩Խ󣬱ҵߣȴԼ߸ŪûˡıߣۣܲԸԼҲҪúõĻš
СûΪͻȻоκٵǱһƬôˣ
ƺһŵҲһ̣ԼһٵʲôǸɮ˵ֻѧſһתһ̣ҾԼΪ㣬Ϊ˼䲫һڶԨͷµһ̣ҵȻܧ𣬿ȴħٴλָֻɱҲǿҲɱԨٻ˼䡣һص˾˾֮þ񡭡
СȻ̧ͷһѳߡ
ֻ˵ɿ˹ȴ鲼Ľһ㡭
˵ûѾڣôڵ㲻Ƿ֮˾֮ȴͬ
κټתͷܿԼֻǵ͵͵֪ϲӣһֱǰȵ
û˵꣬СѾˣᣬĿתؿǰϤİŭصͺ𣺡һУȴϸҰ֣ѵָҶ˵лл˭ϡ˵Ҹ㣬Ȼ˸֮ģĪ£Ҫˣĺɷˣ
κپ˾ڱѾͷñסһڹңȻ뻳ҵĺӣ޸ˣ㣬ǸصѾˣˣҲֻܼ޸ң
Сٴʳѹκһֻǲܲ˵ؽԼ촽˵ıϡ
㻳еô䣬Ҳ᲻µůڡ
һ̣СѹںκǳǿǹֻҪǰĻУôӵһ𣬳һ
ȻС㿴ǵķֻǼµʱ䡣Ƕκ˵ȴ˾Ǽ֮ؿ˶꣬ŵȵСž۵һա
Ȼ˾ȴһֱϸܲиػǶ޼ҡ
ΪԼҪǶ󣬴޼һδǸСŮӤʱе鶼̫̫ĸı䣬ȻĻδǸС㣬пˮֵĪʧ
Ϊһ죬κʵڵȵ̫̫ˣ̶̵һܹ
κ֪ϵ̫أС񻹻źܵס
ҲŬԼŬشӲ޾Ŭֿ˾Ĵ࣬Сֲĳ˹޵ôң㿴ҲѾһʵֻҪٹ꣬ҾͿسǰȴôҪֳʲôļ޵飬ҳ㡭
ջϲڵжôɫǱСƷͷ㡣
κȻһֱʮԼòȴֲòϣûһĺƤңҲСѹͲᰮ
ԵʧȥΪ˾ĿĹҲʮʹ࣬þСˣҲԹȥ
һֱţص˾֮󣬸ˮ֡׹⡱漣ʵҲҪʱͿڸˡ
ЩκٵΪʵûô󲿷ֵΪѪĿȱˡ
˶ɣȴֻΪˡ
ϧʱ䳤ûгͱСųϱˣ
ĺȼǷֿ̫õĶ˻һκ˵ֿ֣ǵ˺ʲôҪ˵Сֻô§˽׳ίĻԺôþõһ
С㻹ЩʣɺǵҲıˣΪǻǷΪ˽ںǹĹ
κٵǶ㴩ԽǰزٵҪұϾָĸǵļ䣬ǰͰ࣬˾ְı»еġ֮޹صˣҲ㣬ħأײȥ壬һع˾Ҳɣɢݶˡ
СȻԭǽǱκٸı˼䣬ҲѹԼôɺ˻顣
϶κխļһﰵص˽ˣ
κ̧ͷ˿ʱȻӣҺòѡģԸ޸ңԸҰݹĸ
Сգգۣʣĸ˼Ҳˣ
κٻ˵ҵĸףĵ
СЩɵˣɵ˾ǵĻǣ
κЦЦ֣ص㻳Уɴϲ󱯣Ѿʹؿһٿ޾ҪˣȽŶˣڸ㡣
һŶڣٴıϲҲǣСԲǣκٽػСȶߵʱЩССĸĶ
磬Сԭʱʱħ˽£ٶҲҪؼŮ档
СײرƲС֮󣬱аΰٲҽţΪСֻش
ķħԲͷʹʱȴòĵصȴŮСطһ졣
ûа취ûĥѵЩͲԺǸǿֹ۵С㡣
κֻܾԼĿܣСԭź
СİȮ飬ͻκٶʳʬޡ˾֮вȣֻܹԹ˼乷Ƥħޱ˼һĻϹ
Сľ˰̺ۣȻҲǵʳʬ޵ϸĺǻ
ϸ۸¶СĵƦåһԣҶһëһ̾ҪϽӶԴ
Ȼڣ긽ŵ廹ڣֻޣҪڶ϶ȥ
ʦķԸϸżȶʷһ˿شڣ۸ʷĬĬȵڽǸһǿСƭӴС㡭
յĳǵҹʱֲŽϡ
ϲĳȣСκٵĴ֮˵ɭɭ
ﾡǺĸεĿ޺
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СΪ˶Եʣ˻ԶĢҸʱ̡ǿƵúܺãؾʱҸ۵Цûиһͷʹޣϲ
С㰵Ը̡κٸôͻȻϮԼ޵ĻɲôɹҲҪѭ򽥽͸¶
κȴԼôûд㰲ȻҲԼ̡ϾʧһɫòС֮£޷ҲʱŵҲϾȥòԺؼ޸Լ
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뵽СȻ䲻ɣ˿òܲܲ˵ȥ
ճϡ˶СκٵĻ̣̲סЦЦЦţǿˡ
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С㲢Ҳ֮ǰᣬκһʣ갡ôɹģûкڣһвֵã
⼸˼Ƕ꣬κΰҹҹģ
Ͼԭصģֻһˡ
κֻСأóѪһС΢΢¡СϡСڶǰµһС
ȻŰ̧ͷʣһУѵֵ𣿡
СЦˣȻֵãٻضǰҲҪˣı䡭
κûгѪ֮ǰֻҹΪ˾֮κٻǸˣȻҪƹ˾񣬲󲿷ʱС㡣
Сʹ飬κ˵䣬ڵһ㣬󲿷ʱ䶼Сꡣ
ҪڵС½ڵȽһٸĴͽۣܶƵĵҩķ֮βСˡ
һ˥ϵñ֮ǰҪ졣
ڣ֮ǰСڿڵɻǳٳûбΣֻںɽĺȪ߾ĺɽ½磬ҲС㵱ûҵԭ
վûеȵİĹԼǰѾ˫ۡ
֮κٽ׵۾֮ջأһת
һѼʱκһѵСһӾϳβ׺
𣿡СѣŴǾϲʵ
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κ֪֮ӦĻҪһųźϹ飬һͬ뿪ˡ
С֣ϸ۵˵һ֮ССʦ飬Ҷ˵ˣ㡭
ȴ˿ûбˣǱóĵϣһɲ棬СĶ䣬ڴС֪ƹӵĻʱ׵۾һưˮ
СЩɵԣ
ĴĿᶨƹͶ̥ʲôˣǵҵģֻҪһõһգҺҲκһ㣬ͷأ룡
˵ʱСĿƺỨ
һβʱֻڴϵĻУȵһؼһͣס
ͬƹԼˣһһҪѰϵ䣡
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괺ʱС㵮˸ԲֿɰСŮӤ
κ±СӤҲұ
û뵽Ӥƺĸף˵ͿЦκ̽رСӤʱСӤƺҲµİãʪ˵ļͷ˯ˡ
СЦŽӹŮκ٣ǵСȡʲôֺõģ
κ룺ͽ춷òã
С벻ã
κˣǸǸȻͬһ·ŲҪεεŮ췣֮һأ
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κٵѪⳤñԤڵĻ죬ְ׹⣬ƺһദ֮󣬳ø졣ѹİ׹ǾҪԺӣΪȻЩ
ȵ˼ʱκѾԳɡСŮһĳ׽ˡ
ͥƺȰ˵׵۾ҪһζѪ⣬ΪԭӦûͥŶԡϾʣʲôʱܻعͥˡ
˵չõڳˡĸ˼ܷԨȴɢʱȴĬ̾һֻ˵ЩעĽ
˵Щ۱ĮٹʣϾչ̫ã̫ͥȥ
Щɿ˶ߣ͵͵ȥʻ棬˶˵֮ǰƺҲ޶ɽһֱӰ˵׵۾ƺĶɵġ
ҲĸʥŮһֱĵط׵۾˾ƺҲĸ⡣
˿۶˼޶Ըᰡɻɣ۴ǰһֱչزǲԤĸݶӣʳĽ֣ԲһֱŲʣ̬չ
ϾϵӣΪۣҲȡᡣ
ȴֻһ壬һߵһЦʧȥ֪ϧɽˡͺñλ˽࣬մȾ׹뷲λ֪ĸҲ˼һũѵҲ˼ˣ
ôһʣ̱տڲԡϾͬҲ̫̫֪࣬öˣĲǺǰ
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κȴֻǶС˼ȡɣܽͥ˾֮úúõģﶼȥˣٹ죬иӤ
С۾ɵһ˵ҵʦ
κִܿ͸֮Ȼ֪Ͷ̥δ
κٵͷСҲҪȲʰңһȥʦ
κȴҡҡͷⱲӵԵҲҪԼȡ̫ͯ˳ֻԵǲʵҪõʮʱźá
СЩ벻ͨκô˵һĵ
ԽҲֻܼĵصȴȴʦطһաʱɽ֮ϣԲ
Ĺ˺ͨҵ֮˳ꡣ¾Ҳӿ
ɽڣǵŴŴСʱȴǷ˵
ĵӣʱڱյš
СԭѲ֪ǵʦС춷˵ڴСԵòұ
Ȼ⣬ɷڵλʦĸΪֲŹӲ
춷Ҳʦ롰ʦĸϣССͱɽ𵤣ֻǺ˵ֱβȥϻȥˡ
ʦͽȺѾΪѻڷµĹ£кܶܶ࡭
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