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ϵͳҪܹ㹻ֵܻȥû취ֻװװԼ·ɡ
ţ԰
ݴũҵϵͳй۲İ飬ָһ㣬֮Ȼ껺⺵顣
˻ʵ۵ĺΪĴʧˡ
ִϵͳпԼİ飬һӣֱָڡ
ǣŽҳһһο
ֿǱϷһóһһ߲Ķ˺üóĿɿڴ
ݣҪĿ֮֮ʳ޼ġ
ʵۼ󳼣ԶԶԣ˵ʲôԣ˭˵Ǹ˭
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ѪСӣ˷ӱ޴򣬼ΪԼҪȥʱ򣬾ȻԼһҪǸˣ˵سΪ˶ԷĻ
Լ߽࣬µŮԼ΢糾ֻ߾ͺá
Ķ֪
*Ůͷβ
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ݱǩ Խʱ ϵͳ ˬ 
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣ  
һ仰飺ҵ
⣺ǿ


1 
ϳꡣ
Ȼģׯˮʱڣͷȴңް˿⣬µв֣̿ũȱˮѾɺԿѵأ
Ƕſҵ⣬ڵͷϣϲ¸¶
ׯھǵǽûճɣǽ˰ûʳһСû
һȺǰͷĴ峤Ѿʮͷѻףƣÿһ·˪µĺۼ
ΡΡعţɫޱȣȴãȻ峤ʵںⴥĿɼĴֻģʱҲһΣֲҾڶһ롣
ʧΪһڷŮԼ˶ǰݵøƤһɫڡ
ʱڣҲòˡ
峤۾ϻһֻүʦ￪ս¸أˮ֮С

Ǳļ̳Ϊ칫꣬ĵҲѴڴ롣
ѾիʮյĵۿȥɫЩ԰ף󷽵ڴԣס
̳м䣬һֻ̳߳߳ͣͷһĴ糤ᦣ֮仹һ졣
̳ǰһźɫľذ޶ƸʱԼ㣬һԵ¯ȼϷϣĵİɢڿС
ĵƺӵ˵ָ̨ף̳
һԵˮо֮ڼ̨ǰ֧㣬ֽͭƣ˫ֳ־ףϻףġ
áߡ㣬֮ҸĳܣԿΪlǺũĪҹ㣬л١
ϣ򽫾ڼ̨ϣԼϲԡ
ţһԵִ׼õİ׶ȡѪո½ྻİ״ʢѪϼ졣
Ȼϯ޶ΨѪ̳ϡ
ƺӵȡһС̵ݹ֦Եоˮˮ֮ϣлдʣ˵һЩףʣȻŽ֦ˮϣϡ
׼˰֮õڽĵŵ˺ͳǵĹ֮Ըпο
ɼǰЩں鵼ʮŽҲû˼֣ҲԾ¶Ц
˳⣬֪ɼ޵һƬ֮ģ
׼һһ볡ʱͻȻ䣬̳ǰʢĿĹâһڳ˶˫ۣһЩС֮Ѿл̿֡
һĽ캫ȴǷӦѸ٣ڹâֵһƵĵǰԱĿԼǰסǹĹ⡣
ƺãĽɢȥ˵Ծر̼ᣬԭĶ鶫ᣬһЩ˱콵סɷعأֻ̧ͷ
ĵҲĳվںɵɫЩףǿо⣬ֱֱسŷŽʢȥ
ֻǰ̨֮ϣ죬ζˣ㱼䣬ֻҲƮƮȻɹȻ֮
ͣǰҲɢһֻֻ׺ģɵشӿ£ϸĲ£˳һ
ǲ˼Ӧ֮ò
̳·˴ؿǰĳԼηǰĪֵİ׺ҲδϼۣȫȫעǰֵһŮϡ
ŮӴһϮµɫ£֮µƲݾһ㣬һһ֮չţâ
һɫɴ£ȹƵأȴǲȾͬѩ¹⻪һǽؼɫϣѡ
ǰ֮˴Ӱл£԰׺Ҳҡ̧˫ƽ޲ƺԶֵһᡣ
òʵľޣֻһۣȫǺʱԺްֻܴؿǰ֮ˣʶס¾˶Է
˴мĹ͢ʦųͤƽȴҲǰĳסˣͬһ㶣ӦѸ٣վһԵɴ˫ۣϸ۲⸱澰ֻż⸱棬лԷʮ֮һգҲˡ
̫ϼܽޡ˲ڡ
ĪǣĮ̄鹬ɣ
ƺ˵Ļˣڴӷŵľлعǰˣеͬһէ⣬Ѳ³ģǲ·Ԯ
·˿Ůӵòȴ֮⡣
Ůḧ԰׺׽ѩƺһ̾Ϣһ̣׺׻Ϊ̣˲ɢؼ䣬ԼǵͳҲһͬʧֻˮ»£ʾǰ֮˵Ĳͬ졣
վǰԶĵǰһȴɻڱǰĽ캫ɿʵǺˣ
Ѿĵüͷһ࣬ȴĵļ򣬡ɣ񡣡
ĵ۱򶨵ú£ԼǰǰŮһ񣬡֣ͳ첻ǹңϳʵ٣֪ţ
ŮӲҲĵһ񣬻ڣ飬չһ㣬˻ʣ˵ĸһСɶΪݡ
ĵۼǰӹǴɹԼ񣬿ڳ˻ʣոһ˿֮Ҳ𽥷֪Ϊζ
˿Χļ̳̽ԵʵĪ
ĵȷʵмֲ²⣬мԵԺѵΪģӣΪһ꣬·
̧һۣƺǽе뷨Ϥһ㣬ҡҡͷס
Ҳǣɹ֮иɸ˾Ʊְ绽ƹܣüӸ棬أ
ŴԣĵʧɫԱܿ죬˸ոսݵףεؿ
Цʦã֮д꣬һѮ˻ʲصǡ
⻰һӼƺӵҲһ˷ܲѵӣž׵ĳһ˽ƺûлɹݻеʵԡ
ĵҲǿ侲ϾʱʵΪ⺵ĽѣˮҪңСҲҪΪ˼ʳҸͶˡ
лӡҾһɫ֣ء
֪Ӵ˴·ɷڷͣգôٹ٣ԴлӶ顣
һվһߵƺӵˣѰ಻סԼʵ
Ͼʷϼص˾꼻һ֣¸֮ȻȥްټԼȻ˵ۼ·ȻϣӶЩʱգȮ죬һͬ칬ܵӵ㻯䣬Ѿˡ
ĵۿ˼еƺӵһۣЩϲĵʿʵ񣬾Ȼͷ
֮⣬һʱ佫ԷðҸһԣԼҲǰӡ
ǵۣܴ٣ĵҩһͬ죬ǿա
ǰ֪ɷڱлӸ£Ϊ𡣡
л˵
ʽԼʲοڵĻ귨
https://wh.cnki.net/collection/detail/60418
ڡ̫ϼܽޡ˲Բֲġ񸳡


2 
ο΢΢ףǸƽˮЦЦĴȱģ
л˻ʣϯͲˣ˴뷲䣬ǵĸְȴδ֮࣬·پˡ
·˴˻Ϊ˳ģ˻н⣬Ǽ¼ܵ˸һ䡣
ǰ潪лϯʱĵۻЩźҲ֪ǰӣ潪ݿԼй½⣬ĵۼֱ˵ú棬ӶԼĿ϶޹ҲϿɵ˻ˡ
˻ˡĵ۵˼ݱ˻䣬νɢһ£һ㣬ûˡ
Ҳγѣɶɢĵطؿţһ֮С
ˣУǿأ
ĵҲҲʧޱȣԭָܵһܴ±ɵأǲǿɡ
ոӿԼգ¼ųص˼֣ǼԼл۸ʣպ˵ҲɣӵͬԼء
һԵƺӵϸԱʧһѵһεԵѲˣﰵţϸ˼һ˵Ļ
ǰһĵһ񣬡ϲ¡
ĵ۳һۣɫӦһȴƺӵ˼˵ʥ֮ʣȻӱ£ʵϳ֮ϲ
ǰĻʵһ᲻𾢵ģȻĿǰ˵ѾҪĽˣ·Ҳ֤Լʵ֮Եǰȴ԰գʵź
¡ƺӵǰս˵ӷ˵˴·뷲պлټһء
˵ţʵƺҲ˽ݸո˵ĻƺҪڷмʶ˼پѾȥɹ˵˿ӻⷲĳ
뵽ոճ˼һȻӻڴ˼䣬Ϊʵۣһ֮ףȻлټһ档
ţĵ۵Ǹƺӵһ͵۹⣬ټƽ֮ǰðˡ

һߣΪѾȥ˷ĳ鷲Ľݣʵ⴦̳Զһĸ¥ϡ
ǱͻⶰСݿȥҲѾû˾סˣȥưܵúܣǻҳǽ߻̦Ҳȱ첲ȵģͷˡ
Ǹʳȣ¶ģȴ˸ȥĵطĻңȥ
ȥʵ·ȻһҳմȾϣĹâ
ţ߳ܡԼ֮ǰǸװģӣ͸оѾͨ죬޲ڸԼȥ
βúܺһֻȸģƴСǳɫëСɵļϣչԼĺףο
˭֪¾ȻôţԴЧ˵䱸bgmҸոҲһ
ݱǸͨû뵽ȻҲܸһʱ֣ϰ·ϵʱһ̤գһһֵֹũҵϵͳ
ϵͳҪռ㹻ֵͳɾ͵ܻؼҡֵ֪ȣȻһֵֻſԱռ˶졣ֻͨˣôһ˵ֻ110ֵǶ˵ԽҪôӦģܴӶԷϻȡֵҲԽߡ
ɾ͵ǶӰ̶ȣǾãĻ涼㣬ҪǸϵͳж
ݿϵͳ̳һѿԶһӣԼũҵؼܣԭſЩʳȡֵʲôĲǼ򵥵ĺܣ
ȴû뵽Ǹڻûκ֤˵֮꣬ĹŴóȻȥƾ⸱ò类Եʣˣ̸ָ֮ǰͱˡ
и㹻ߵݲУԼٵȻ취ũҵС
һؾ͵˾Ǳļ̳ϣЩ˻׼룬ҲիУ̳ûʲôˣ˸εĵط
ϵͳ̳ﶫȻ࣬ûлָʲô⸱ϵͳ󻯳壬ҲѪȻĻǵһϵͳȻˡ
ϵͳһִǲһ£˵ĳпǹ룬ˮ滹иʽ󷨣󣬸ʽ֮ӦоС
ݿµתתŴ֪˽󺵣ʵۻھǱꡣ
ϵͳһʱԱʱֵĹܣδһʮյĽʱһƣڻʵۼһһЩ󣬰ԼװɣԴȡ㹻ĵλ
Ͼʵ۵ӰͣҾ˵ҲǸȽʴȺ˵Ļʵۣеţճϲʷ֮⣬ûʲô⡣
˵һ£Ļʱװ·ʵŵĿԾ͸ˡ
ʵ֤ȷʵˡĲֻ࣬û뵽ЧȫʱȻbgmʵһʱ֮ûޱ飬پţҲû¶ֺ˳ȥ
ݿһЩʵ۴ֵҲĵúܣڿźˣһؿ׬˲ֵɾ͵㵹Ϊ㣬ҪĻڿԴϵͳ̳ˡ
̳Щۻҵĸָ߲֣߲ˮĲƷѾҪԶˣȴþԼĶѾùˡ
ݿ˿Щȥ˿߲ˮԼЩ֮ĵζϣӲָƵȥεֵһ̳˵ĸ߲֡
û硣ĬĬʵĻۺ̲裬ֱҪ
˵ҪĻʳôҳԱҲ˼̸Щ߼ܡ
ݿϵͳֿɽ֣оһ㣬˵úðﲻš
ոǻʵۺ͵ʿΪʲôû£ߵˣǲǰװײ߻һ𣿡
ϵͳСԣ˿С֮Ǹճõϵͳȷʵ̫ƣΪҪȡŻʵۣûݣû뵽ȻôϾ뿪ˣʵ벻
ݲͷվԼϵСȸ¶һǳЦݣʱòϵͳҲֵסЦݾסצӶûץȴļ
˳ֽϵͳС·ŻԼļϣǵȻΪϸŲ˵ӸԾԼһ仰ĲϧԼǿĸ㡣
ֻһ仰˵պ꣬¸޷֤ô֪˵Ǽأ
ʵ۳ΪҸոչֳɼҷΪϱϸţỳҵͼΪ̰ͼʲôֻһ仰ߣȻԵֻ·˵أһԣĽĿеɡ
ϵͳСƶǶص˵ͷǺ̬䣬һɵģ
ˣ˵ܹݣ԰ɣ
ݵ˵Դԣ
ϵͳС񽾰ͦظߣȻϵͳǵףһγͱأ취ʱȥ001ҫҫ
Ҫպۼ꣬ҵ֮ٳ֣ʱǱȻøֶңʱҲźǿӦ
˵ţһĬĬ˼һ߽ϵͳС͵ظ˳ë


3 
ڶգԼԤõӻ죬ݲһֱС׼ȥתת
֮ǰΪ˴̽Ϣûϸ۲أһصʱ㹻Լúˡ
ʱδ˵ĳϳʷϵĸҲδǺԼǸʱսȻͬĳ
÷չˮƽǺγ࣬ǸʵۣоҲʷڻʵƣǸƢĻʵֻۣϧλʮأȴ˺ü֣ʵǲ˵㡣
ھǵĴϣ·˲࣬ǴŴֲ£ŵӰ̯ߺȣȴЩ塣ƷȴǱȼ࣬ò֣Ž»Ŷ̨ϵϷӣˣ˽кãʱʱ̨һЩӡ
˿֮һЩѽѽĵ˼ֱҪ硣СǴҴȥʱʱΪϲˮϹ̣õͺ¶һĵЦ
ݿǰĳһԣ߳źҲ֪ڰ˼ʲôҲûȥĵطֻҹ䡣ײ֮ǰȴǻĪıԼ·ÿ
ĿĵţĪߵһԱ֮Ϊסĵطһжġ
ݶ㿪һֻԼ̫̫ûץȣӳ׺ͷȥֿһС̯Ľ̯ӣ϶źϡסݻȸʽˣոջЩصÿЩ·Щճ̻ϢѾܿˡ
һΣʲôҪǰϸĦһʵڲʲôõģҪһʱ̯ӵĽܣ˲뿪
Щʱ䵽ֵĳҪ뾡취ܻؼңޱȻԼǸʱԼǸʱĸʳȴֻͽȸУѵõĹʱҲ÷ô
ĺ˺ܾãʼԾغŸ裬װԼֻĳ԰Ŵѡ
֮㿴ֵľͷһȺ˾ۼΪֿɿæȥ
ôȥʵ˽һӰСȥʮŮƵǰǸɫԲŮǰ
üɵ䣬ҿ˻ȥɨµģҲ̫Щ𣿡
˿ڣŮ˱㿪˵ееģµظũģӣʲôܸɵġ
ǰԼĹ¶һ΢ЦŶԷܽԼȥ⣬ҼҹŮҲܸɻιιѼţɵġ
һѽԼԼȵݺСС֫ǹȲһϸݵðȥȥӣ¶ҲѧĸһЦ
һӵĿ⣬ǰĸŮ⣬Ȼ˿ģһݵûţûСŮɣСˣôСҲɲʲôżҿɲǿõġ
˼״ЦеǰʹʼּۻǸԭأ촽ƺٿǰĹһͬŮȴ˳ݺݵһۡ
Ǹ˼״˺ɪţһԵСŮĬĬᣬʵؿŮţԼԺҪԼŮˡ
̸˫ļǮС̧̧ͷ߰ɡ
ﺬᣬվǷſ˻Ůˡ
Ů¶ֻʶסĸ׵½ǣ뿪ԼСһۣ˺ק֣Ŵ뿪ˡ
ҪȥĶ
СŮ볯׷ȥȴһѱסˣСݶȥˣż˵ҲǸˣһڳԵġ
ҲµģҲѰȥԺȡ
ݿǰ⸱ĸŮĳվԭأԼԲԲºͳǱӵеľһƬ
ĲԭˣǹŴϳǷ⽨ƶȣһŮɢ硣
ôã
ⲻ칫үŭЩûˮŵܵ´߼ˣе˻ȥѰȥء
ҲǣҲ֪칫үʲôʱϢŭ
Χ˵˽·ֱ˿̲ų׽磬ἰļ̵⼸֣еĳ
ȺУ·ֻһˣڴ룬ֱ硣
ԭԼǿЩƣԼԭҲûʲôرˣ겻ɣһҲ׬ˣαôأ
ڸˣݿϵͳЩʽ߹ũƷ׳־һӵȼĻ
塣
һǸѾֵֹͣСŮ̾һ׼תȥȴէһ̹۾ĵضķ򣬼ֱһ
Ծ˺ڽֽŶסõģܼûȫϵ˰̣ӲʮΣһͷڷӲݣס˴ֻ¶һ˫һǳɫ۾
ϵͳұ˿𣿡
ݽԭأԼ·ѾʧˣĻ·С
ûаϵͳСҲһͷԵӣȦ۲ܣû˿㰡
ȻɶԼԭλãŷֻǡɶԼλ÷ˡ
߰ɡϵͳͣļͷһͬȥ
תԼͬһ۾ؿȥķ

պ󣬱ǽ˵һѮˮĿˣĵһڴ󳼼ƺӵˣٴ˱֮
ȻһƬʣ֮£վõڴʹƵֱðʹǣɲӿڣֻĬĬɡ
ǰһСӺλûֱۿ澰˵Щûüһ棬вɵǲѡ
ѵֻƾ˵ϼ䣬꣬¾ΪָԲɣ
̧ͷɫɳȣ޷꣬ȵúܣӲҪӡ
вԲ²ţĸװŪĵʿɮ˸ĵӣϷˣأµˣڽո˳л齵ļ񣬺ߣûˮء
˳Լ˼ȴͬĺѣ̧ͷȥŷһ̻ƵգѸپۼƣˮЯ֮ƣԶ̼꣬ԽԽ󣬺һĳҲģ
棬潵ˣ
һЩżæŵѰұĳһСĻ˵غţȻʲôƵģż̳ķ˴
һԵĴ㻤ŮƵĵۼ״ԭŵҲ¶һ˿Ц⣬ˮģΥˮ
Ȼ̳һ˰׹⣬ĵһվѡ
ǰɫâޱȣߵǰſǾǰճֵλӡ
˴ĻӰƮһɳģƳˮܽأ¸ûմȾˮڷҲ˳ƣ̤УɸˬûһˮȥƺûܵӰ졣
ӡĵ۳һ񣬡лӽԡ
Ҳһ񣬡²ضһԶҳݡ
ڴͣפһЩʱգӰסи㣬ظۣӡ
ĵȡѵûȽ˱ժ¥ʮһ߰ٳߣ˹˹ɣǰΪҵѷʦ죬֮
üҪھܾ
һԵƺӵ˼ʱڵ·ȱ·֮ˣʱסժ¥ҵΪӽ˵һıл⡣
ǰŮӶۣƺ˼ʲôò̾һڻصˣҲá
л˵
˹˹ɳԡʫСţ˹ɡ


4 
ժ¥¥ԼٳߣǾߵĽ۴ӳкδȥԶԶƼժ¥־ԵܼⶥԼʽĵϷöı
¥ǰɿʵΪһյǵԤ֪֮ܣʱ𣬾żݸ˶Ϊ˼һ治Զǧ˹
һڶԱʱһܳĻӵĳɿۣǹ󲻿Ե飬е֮࣬Ϊɿ۷
ɿ۸飬Ϊһݻޱȣ޵ժ¥Ϊʦλة֮ϣɼ۲򣬲һϵʹͣʳ򻧣ʽ鱦ɺϡյ
Ȼƺ̰ͼ֣֮ˡ˺󲻾ã˵յ˱Ŀ֮°շ˵ԼԲӦְȥˣǰżԤԾպһһӦ飬ʵ˲ò졣
ĵȻ֪ЩµģҲǰĽǳɿۣȻҵüˣԼԾǳɿ۲ʲôҲΪβüأ
ȫĽɿˣʲôĿӽ
ֻǲ֪ܷҴ֪һЩ֮ӵۣЩɵҩ֮ģǾٺòˡһ㣬ͬһ칬Ļǡ
ĵԼĴϸ˼ţȻͷסժ¥һӦƷҲﱸ룬͵齣ֻϧӲδͬϯ֮£ǿϧ
뵽˾;סʹԶժ¥оͻޱȣѵõԵɵΰסа
ֻǻżǰõЩɹڼ꣬ԵԼɣ㲻̫ˡ
ôӳǡ
һߣݻŮ֮ԹԽ˷䣬ϵͳȷΧȷʵ֮󣬲Ÿľƣ졢ɫл״Ƶ̶ɵĲʻľ
ĴɫҲڻȥˡ
ϵͳСȸǴͷɵϣűвˮڲſڵǰǰոݵĺŮĿ޳ĸ߽֮С
ûãݻӻ֣ƽʱʮѴϿʵ뷨ŵɻȥ
ֻƾ»̫ױˣǵûʲôװŪļܡ
һţһߵ㿪ϵͳ塣
ϴδӻʵۺЩ޶ֵһѾһ˸߲֣ҲֻʣһСʹá
һ̳ϷŽʹѪͳѪͳǼʳսЩĬȻ
ЩȥͺܰƷ·ȻҲȻӵһֱͷ㡣
ˣҲ䡣
ݹϵƿߣҳһƷֱӻ¿ʼ
û취ֻôʮֵ𰡣
ϵͳСȸҲɵͷʼΪƼһЩ˵Ʒ
㿴ЩƷʵŶҼ۸Ҳߡ
ݿ˿ϵͳ͵ԼǰĲƷȷʵ۸ãƷЩһͺãô۸ôͣϵͳƵ𣬻˵д۽۵Ļ
㿪ȥĲƷҳŷԵɣЩƷ֮ôͼۣΪǻֻͣʹüΣҪûֳܵ͡
ֲôˣڵĻҲȷʵˡ
ܿȨһϢ˵Ǽʱĳֲ׺ĲƷʹֲ׺ͽֲ
ϾũҵϵͳԺҪģһüٰɵĸƹũҵɣֲٿֲĸ˵ɣݰ˼š
һϢֻµʹʱޣ֮ͻɢٴʹõĻ򣬻һֱѪ
ֲýݾú죬оƷ
ڿ˿Լʣµǵֵ֮󣬽ĥһƷ﹥ֶˣøƷС
һȦѰһĶһöͶӰָͶӰ˵ĳƼʵҳƷ²Ʒ֧ŲȶҲʹʱЧҪûֶһһΡ
ѾˣֱװŪֵ̫ˡ
棬㿪ϵͳ̳ԼոչµƷ
ֻϵͳϷɳһȭͷСɫţԼһöͼ򵥵ɫָȻɵϡ
˳ָֽϣĹţֽ̧ԼؿڣźܿûС
ҲоԼԺʲôһƫƫͷ֣˼һֱɫٻϣ쵽ϣָͣ⴦˵֦ΡΡؿһɫĻϸ΢΢ɢŵ㡣
Ȼ֪ԼոϢֲܹﲢֲ﹵ͨǰϾͨˣۿԼȻƾձ»Щȡ
˵ǶɫС侹ȻƵض˶㣬ܵϤϢ֮׽شǰ˲ָ
ǰ⸱ģЦЦϵٰ׻˻ȥ
ݻܣȻ߷˴ȴһ迴ȥֱŵʻ
ƿţߵȴڻǰ˫ۣԼڳֻ۵Ϣע֮Сעϻ֮ڡ
ʱ䣬ԭ뿪ĻһչųԼˣҪԼеӿеͷţʲôʱڡ
ݿǰʢĻЦЦȻһβϢеƿزһСɢȥˣǳɹѾˡ
Ȼȴû뵽ԼɢȥһСϢȻ˾޴
ϾֻǸͨĹŴ磬õϢǼмΪһƷһ屾ֲˣ׽ֲϢҲֲܸôøΪïʢƷҲõӦ
ķչϢէһյһС˿ɳĮоеˣڵõһ㣬ȲŽݵķ࿪ˣһ涷ޣƺҪȱ˭һ
ԭͼ主ûʵժ¥еֲ࿪һչֳԼõһ棬ͥԺǿ˲ܻĴ׳ԭǸɿݵӣڿģҲֻǼƪҶӣȻҲ˺һΡΡð˼ϸСĻ
ժ¥Ϊģʮ˼ҼУеĿֲӦǲӦտҹţȻͬһʱʢˡ
һСɢȥϢðǵĻΪˡ


5 
ժ¥λñͼԽʹ벻ԶΧסȻҲһЩԺ˼ңٹˣЩ˼Ȼȱ滨ݣֻлͬһʱ侺ʢ澰Ǿס˲ˡ
һʱ䣬˼Ҷ⾰ס̽ͷΧ˼ҵ
ɣ
ĳԺһȥͺܵɵĽ¹ӣ˳һ嵽Լܵ鷿
鷿ԭڳֵذ洫˵ĵЩá鷿ź˶ãϲ徻ôЩôնôأ
洫ԼǸŵĴڻεؽϵıʸʼϣ˹ؽϵĶһһúá
һ̣ԼҴǱ󲽿˽ϲɫЦü۵ģԭԿεģҲ˼ֺɵ
쿴ҵ̣ööضŵСĵطϣϵһԺģضǰȥ˷۸㣬ĸж죬ò֪·飬һ
ضǼгӣȴ޴־ﶷ޹ϣǹϷ֮ЩĶʮ־ͨ
⼸ݣ³裬ҶỤ̃·ϺþһɢӨӨĹ⣬ֻϧղ֪ʲôҶӿݻƣóҲȻû뵽軨漣ػָ
ҪһһԸȥذºһЦȴضûЦ⣬ᡣ
ȥ˺üۣҲ֪λ飬ҪһһԸ
ضϵʱлȥЩط˵գ˵ϺŵȥˣҪһԸȥҲ۵ùǺ
˺һ¶ģ͵̤ɣܲԶš
֮ض̧ͷȴǰǴЦĶüͷһӣҲŶԷ߿Ժɣ㿴ʲôԺʲôÿģһ÷𣿣
ضβȻ˵ȻҲʲôԾˣԺԭڶŵ÷ȻĻԺһ
һͬţվ£ذҲ̧֣ժһ֦÷ŵĵ㡣
⣬Ȼģ
ԭںŵ÷ͻأȵļ￪˻ʵ¶˰˼⡣
òᣬ·ҵĻǼҵĻ˰ɣ
ض̽Ե˵ȴǺܲȷӣϾ澰ǰһʱʵ벻ʲôʵԭֻڲ²š
ذעǰժһ÷սţȻŵһɵĻ㡣
֣һԴɨԺӵˡ
⻨Ǻʱģ
үǷŲãɨ͸һǿ̼ӣңǸϣһϵĺЩ˼ҶأɼǿùҲˡ
ǰ֮һ񼣵ģذ˲ˣΪʲôԺһԭˡ
ˣվһ˷ܲѵض⻰̲סҲȥȥַ̤ӦϻԼ˻ԼС˽شȥԼȲؿȥ
ɣȥˡ
ԭصذ룬ԼֳһͬȥˡȻϲ֣ȷʵǼ㹻棬ֱɳƵ񼣵ˣһƽҲ಻סе̽ͺ档
һʱ䣬Χ˼һ˳ȥ鿴ĪĻԵɣһС˶żͥԺľݹȥΪ顣
Ǳɱֽŵ۾꣬ǽǵͷģ֪Щʲô
ȻǱʲôסһתͷǽڷһСƬӲݣؿϢ䣬ΡΡؿһСİɫС
ˣ
ƺҲֺأ֪˵Щʲô
ȴΪΧĳֻǰЩضǰСԾض˶ս˿

Ȼһϵз粨ݻ֪飬ŻʢϻѾˡ
ת뵽ϴŵöͶӰָ˵ͨȡ˵Ե粨Ļ뻭棬ȻͶӰ
룬ϸ޳ָָ㻨꣬˫۳˼Ƭ̣ʱһ˲һǰȻһ£üģȥʮĴˣɣͷŵǶͬϻһĻȴòǸĵöԷ˱Ȼ
һ룬ֻɾתƹһĻһ˹һ鶯ȻһЦȻʩʩȻһ
һͬһһɢ˿У㱼䣬ýҲղǲԼĻþˡ
⣬ԼĴ
һӻԼȻһ軨ɾĻʲôģϾֻԼԺģһ󣬻һǰЩӫϵĽɫģȴû뵽ͶӰľȻôһӣֱϡ
ԭأþûлȻЩŮλһ䲻ʳ˼̻ģʹûǰݼǳ費̬֮ˡ
ۣƷԶܲءͨͶӰָһͶӰĶһЩ߰㣬ֻһĶһʹþͶӰôµĻ棬ľǿ
ϵͳСıģȽݻҪԣģһǿģȻЩŮҲҪס
ݻӣ΢Щ𣿡
ģҵس棬Ҫ磬Ǿ֤϶ܸߣҲaˡ
˵˵ţԾʧԣ̧סԼ죬УЩһ㲻˵ġ
ȻҲϵͳԼڵǼиո˵ľ⣬Ǽһ⣬ԴڳµӣǷ׷ʡ
ðɣϤϤɡ
ȻݱǸϷһ²ԺﹹԼҪĳȻһһͶӰ
ոϵͳСȸҲ̲סͷɵһԼµԹʱʱָһ
һһͳȫȻû뵽˶Ϊ֮٣ը˹

ʹĵõ˵Ļ㱨ľгһ÷ʯ񻨸ʽ֦һʱҲǾ̾ѡ
ЩǲͬʱڲŻῪĻһͬʢţۻңֱҪΪЩ޵Ļ䶼Ǽٵˡ
һ֦÷֦һ仨ϻɫ֭
ǣɼֶΰ
ĵԽеţλӹˣ϶дģɼֵֻ㻯
ȻҲ֪˽ժ¥һ㻯һ巻лݼ
µĸ󣬾Ѿõˣֻǲ֪βֺˣ˵ۣһ컯
ĵ۵ԽҲ֪˿ϷţǷԸ˵˿˽⣬ѡ˺Щ챦ժ¥ȥʹ˿ۣҲһ⣬ý֪޵ĳġ


6 
ݾĵժ¥ס죬ÿ춼òŮϽĸɫȵģʻϹƷḻȫֱûݻ
ʵֻϵͳɨɵǶѣʵòųԷˮҲѪ
ȻԳЩʳĴ󲿷ֹϹʵǸȲִרѡЩˮģȻѾǹˣڽݿǲƤ̫࣬Գһ֮ͲŮˡ
ĵʳ֮ģĺܶ࣬һͱǼʮƷɳڡǩϺ촡ɫ٣ʽֻڵĲƷֱۻңζȻҲһһĺãǹġ
ḻǷḻϧûд룬ƽζϵĻǺԼ֮࣬ȻҲζǺǲ̫һҪ˵ݱƽȴỨ
ڳ˼칬֮󣬽̬ƽҲٶЩʳеϡˣϾȱִЩḻĵζ֮ĲƷ˵ȱ˼ζ
Գ֮˲ƷԹûʲô˼ĲԺҲˣЩС˾ǣȻĻôҲȷʵԲ꣬˷ѵҲһҪʳάġ
ǽΪˣʲôϡʳûʲôɼûʳ֮㲻ٶ꣬ƽʳˮҲ̫ӣԡ꣬¶ģƽʱҲǳʰɡ
֪˵뷨ҲҪصǵҲǣֻҲûôóԣ˵ڵҲҪԷЩʱóˡ

һգժ¥λĿˣϳ̫ZһӦ챦ϵʹ˴˴
ȥ֮꣬ǴЦ⣬º̬˷ǳдӵĻʴԱ¹ԻֵദԴʿȡ飬ʵЩʺϵһλʵۡ
вǣ̫飬һ̫ãż̫ɫҰģĴ󳼣ǲԾǣϾ̫ʣڻãסӣǲˣôʣµЩӻǿҪΪǸλôͷһɡ
ȻЩҲֻҲֻ̫ܰӵܴã˳ǸλãҪٷʲôźá
˴̫꣬ҲӦͬĵһͬ룬Ȼǰ죬̫ӾȾ˲ԴʵԳ⼸ͣЪ֮Ӳǿ˲١
ڹУ˵ûۼλģȴҲ˲λӵĴţǰĪһ£Ҳ˽ⲻ٣Ͼ⼸˶̸£˵飬·һ֮꣬ͷβ۷׷ףʲô˵С
̫ʵЩʿʿܾЩ˹װŪֻǸϲʵܲĿŵطԣֻܰ̽ЩʿĵϸýǲúƭʷЩ߰Ľ𵤡
˴Ů̫ӵĵһӦȻҲ˰ʲôͷͼƭʣٻȴû뵽Լڶۼһ滨ʱʢ۵İջ˵ĲЩҡײƭ֮ء
ˣθЩʹ͵ժ¥ϤǵͳΪ·ܾǷԸͳһͬ˴˴
ǰѾ͹Ǳ˽̧һӦƷϤԺУԼãǼӹһ
ͳǰݼӡ
һʵѰģȥֽͷβʱҳһƵĴòȻ佫Σȴȫɷ
Ƕ˳ŽյķŹһ̱޷ԶʱŻ󿪣ȻһŮͻأ⣬ҲǶ˻һ
λ
ᣬȴȻһž޲ЦЦģ
ȻϴʱԶԶһ棬ȻһȷʵʵʵؿģƷ֮ʵӣ˽سԼǰʮ㣬Ҳ˼Ϣżװ򶨵ƿߡ
̫ǵһμ˵Ѿ˿е֪ģģε֮ˣסʱۼһ棬žЩ޵Ļﾹ˲԰ףǰ֮ʮ֮һա
һʱ䣬Ժī͵ʫʣǷˣ÷ˣЩв˷ɡ
һԵʱڣλ̫ӵ£˱֮ӣñӶ顣
һڣǾ̫һعƿߴףϻЩ߲֮⣬ӣʧˡ
ԭ̫ӵ£ݵ߳õطϣ̫ӶЩ⣬
һԵէһŴԣ˵Щйؽһ˵ӱϾӣԼ.已̥Ȼûһ˫ĿҲȻˡת𷽲ӻеĿ϶֮֮ﻹ̲סЩϲãϾҲǼᶨ̫ӵȻּ̫ӵ̾ҲԾ
̫Ŵ˻΢죬ȴûм׷ȥһԵ̫ཫϵһһԺаŵҲǴŵģһ۾ܿı
һ۴Сɢ͹âǳɫϺ飬ذںиɫϺ˿񣬻мƥĹƷ佲ֵٽˮϴֻպ죬۹£ǹƷһҲʮƥ
鱦θʤװʣƹԡ
֮⣬һԵ̴ľСװųĶԼׯӵĵȻȥ࣬ȫǹ𶼲һܵõķ̶ˡ
֮󣬽ݳԺЩ鱦һۣջߣŻʹһ񣬡л⣬ֻ֪һѣʵڵ˺񡣡
ƴǣ̫ȻҲͻõãϳ֮ϲӲҪ黳±ǡ
ݲ΢ͣ˼ʲôˣлˡ
֮󣬽ݴϵͳֵһ̫ӾƷԸҲãסȰȫֵܸ֮࣬ӦҲ͡
ȴû뵽ǰ˸ֵֻߵͳ߳һЩҲǱѰԸЩȴûĵôߵֵ
ʵýЩںͶʱһĶãϵͳ͵͵ţǲϵͳbugȻĻǰ̫һ࣬λ֮ôҲǸϲʵĸ׺õöɣ
ôֵôͣѵ˵װ𣿻˵̫Ӳûλֵܼλ
л˵
ٲƷԡ־¡ŸڴԡӿΪθھٰϯ¼ǳݣʷϯǰ˹һʮ


7 
ýݵʣϵͳԼһ£˵¶Ӵ̫һֱ̫ã󳼵ֵȽжϣӦȥûеȵǻһ졣
ԭˡ
Ϊ̫Ӣţûüϻλһɾ徣Ըϵͳ㣬ֵܸôͣһЩ󳼻ҪһЩ
ݿǰһԺӵʹͣԼǰ̫ӳϿº͵ݣʱռһЩϢ
ӲƽӹʤºͣȻʵǳӼʹֱɣð̬ƫЩҲñŭֻ鲻ǲһģ֮ܶȽԡ
ϥӣӱйӵ̫ӣǼ̺鱩꣬Եη塣
ǹ˵ƽӹ̰ɫͳֳ˲ЦȻĸǿ󣬹ֳһȨĴ󽫡
ʣһĻӸǴڸ΢˵ֻǹŮƽƽ鵨Сһױ˺ӵһλ
紫˵ô̫ȷʵ֮֮࣬Ҳȷɫ̫ӵиʲôôһǼ̺֮ӣ˳һбȨضҪһɡ
ɲС
ҪƹũҵģҪĻǵиȵĻУĵڻãԷ˽˵ȡ󣬽óʲôҪƹҲʲô¡
̫иʲôһٱƹɹҲͰˣ¾ʵ൱ҲҪ㹩ˣҲûˣ˶û˻ô죿
ǰ⻪̫һǫǫӵģֻǿȥЩɫЩ̬Ĳ԰ס
վڽǰϸһͬǣϾ֮ǰĵѾҪѰΪ·̫ӺϤͳ졣
˾ҲΪ˽һԵϾĵ۶ԼӻǺģжȣֵǫ񣬳Ҳ޲ڣǸļ̳ˣǰ¶棬ʶһܲʲô¡
ݵӦ£漴㽫ԼµϢչ
̫Ӻ￴ǰžӣһӴڸбϡޱȣǶһֱעӣºѲǰ֮˵Ĵڡ
ҪľЧ˼˳УʶغĴڣĴڸн͡
ɼֶΣأɲ⡣
һ˼ţӹ˼֡
̫򶨵˽ͱõƺӸոΪ׶Էʲô̫ݻ͵Ⱥڴ˵ǣֻߴ̴ӣ໤ڰбǻƽ֮С
ѱ֪Ҫг̱԰ĻΪʼԷĽأÿ궼Ὺһʱ乩аˣ棬潫иɫˮϷݣǽճֵȥˡ
˲ûдĵذ԰ӣʮֵ͵̫ҲʮϵػѰҹӵѣϻ˱ӣһˡ
ﻻѣǸʵģʮֲۣ˿Ϊ⸻ҹӵˣ԰вټ
Ȼģɫ·ļӳ£ȫע⣬˵ɫˣһֱעϣһ۾Ҫ
һͬ԰ӣռʮ֮㣬ԭΪѵˮʦ죬ӪѳʵĻʼ԰̨֣¥ٳذŽӷ硣
ܺǽΧƣƽ̨֮ϽһԻԲΣ硣
๰¥ȥʯ̨̨Ͻһ鸻ûʵ¥¥
԰֯洦ɼ˹۾ŵĻɣִֵֽСò֡
ΪעĿĻˮϷݣꡣ
ͷһ޴ǰ֮ϻһò֮ˣҸʮˣÿִһ֧
мСª࣬ڽݿִۣÿС϶ʮˣм߸ͷִ֮±ݸʽĽ£֪Щ֮ϵ˾Ȼˮʦ䡣
ϣͷ֮һ֮󣬸Ż𣬳ǰɽǰһŽĸӣǽıˡ
վڸ¥֮ϣӸµعŵµɣΧΧ˲ٿֵİգźľʹ̫ȤݻǱֵոȾҲЩ΢Ц⡣
Щ֮⣬һߣвȤˮĿݻۼؿЩճɫˣָزٿľżˮϻ򡢵㣬ɬޱȣľͷżĻ˹һ㣬
ԶһЩһвŸ־յӼݣ˼ֱĶԷһҪһˮЩȴһ࣬ȫĵӡ
һȥͲʮСкСһֽһӴڵ׼õһǧϣ˳ԽԽߣѾ⣬ҪߴƽʱͻȻſ˫ڿзŸתڣȻһתͽˮһӾ̾
ϲԣȴҲһȻִĸ̨ˮ࣬˻ǴǧģҲ󣬿Żеˡ
һ룬ǸСˮ¶ͷ˦˦ͷؿΧΪкãȻСһλ˻֮ϡ
һֱ߷ǸСϣӲûʲôı飬֮˵ǺܻԹɫķԸ˵˸СһǮ
԰Ӻܴ˹˴֮󣬼ƺѾûʲôȥˣ㵱ŶһǰԶĽ̩¥ǳߵһ¥ƷڣеżҲƷС
޿޲ɣûʲôһҪȥĵط˳ͬˡֻڰֿ֮ǰǸ۾ꡣ
ȻǸãЩݵӣϻһѾϵֻŵĽ״ĥƣѪ϶лûϵ˺ۡ
˵ڵϣӣһԵƺǰǸ߸׳׳ﻹűӣֵģһ߳ţһ߻Ӳ񫲹ϼӡ
ԽԽϻԵʣӵԽԽ󣬵˺ֱӳԴ򣬵޵ͷһӿĵǽϣѪѪɫסһֻ۾ĨĨԴȥһҷδӣȴսһ鱻ĥüƬ
ȭͷ㳯۾ʱ򣬵ͻȻһʮֶ
ͣ°ɡ
л˵
ٳԡͼ˵ͼ


8 
޴С㲻ԼĸףһֱŸǸƺϲֻİ˿
ƺṆ̫֮̀ﻹϸԣ֮⻹вٵܵãڳ˵ף߱Ŀɫ۾ۺ˱֮˵ĳ࣬ԭĳɫƾԣԵٸӾ¡
һ֪϶ϳ˺˵ĻѪȲǴϳ˳࣬Ҳȫףòż
Լû˰ˣֻΪ׵ҲĴڣǵûԼһˡ
ʱŵ֪ԼĸӦþǹˣ˶ףʢʱڳҲһЩ˾̣
û˸Լĸ˭ʲô֣ʲôģʹǸ֮Ϊ׵ˣԷƺæûʱôһɲӶԷ۾￴˲⣬ƺûϳԼ˭
ΨһõˣȻǴˣǸʮֶׯܸɵˣƽײڼҳẓ̌ȫɴ˴ġ
ԼģֻǻΪԼҲкüŮԼ۸ʱ򣬻Ὺô򣬿ԼүСʱҲܽһǸʳˡ
޾ûԼĸ׾ͻģÿοЩ潿СϥԵʱôţҲһ⣬֪ʲôǼʣĽ㽰ɡ
ҲſԷһ㣬Լһֻɶ꣬˾ǺůĻһǲԾ뿿Է
ܿͲôˣĽ֮鿿ʱǸСؽƿʲôණһ
ܴ󣬿˵ʵȫᱻһƸƵüͷԼʱȫǱˮֵһû
һǸˣЩүڸεʱ·ʱһͲǣܾһڻͨ
һҲˣȷʵǲϲԼģЩ΢ⲻ˶ѣκһˣ˶ΪǸƵˡ
ӻһȻþ̵ĸ׹ɽʱҰޣʬ޴棬ֻͬͻĴѪϲСӵ첡ҵҲѾȣеĶʼҲޡ
ʲôӣûϹףֻСèһڼһŵͷϣϸ˵ҲڷʱҲͬһˣǴ⣬Ǵ̫æµԼ
޲Ըȥ룬ֻԼһǱ˶ԷôĶ顣
ЩòϸССģշתͱͷģرܳԣ˲ܻӭѾںüϹˡ
߸ߴӲǸģϲŮ춯ֶţˡ꾰ãǸܱˣϸʹǮһͷ˼ţںͷһϢ
⼸տԷԼԽԽˬı飬޾֪ҪҵһľԼ
͵͵һ鸽߲ڻĽĥ÷Աʱ֮衣
ԷһߵǽϵʱͷѪɫߣţɪɪӣ֪Լûа㲨
Դʮ򶨵ƳǸӣȻԼܴ󣬵ǶԷϾǸ߸׳׳ĳˣһú׻ᱻԷסĶԷȻ׼ܻܶԷ
ʹԺѾ˶ԷԼѪĻ棬Ǳģûк£ҲûмǰǸС˵öԣԼȷʵǸǣҲǡ
Ȼһ룬ȴؿŶԷͻȻֱӣŵıҲֵۼؿԷڴ͸һỊ̃ƺʲô
űһɤоԼδŹһֻèļһ˿⡣
޴תͷ㿴Ǹ޷ľǰŮӺǴһ㣬Щ޵Ʈ֮Уһһ̡
Ȼ֪ĶðļߴǸӾȥӺߣӽŵϡ
ɻã
ǰ֮˺ضӣָѪԴ˵ڵϣȥõģϢҲúܡ
޲Ծض㿪֣Ӧͻᣬоܲڡ
ѾǽݵڶˣһλǸеСӣȻ⸱û˰ӡ
ô̶ʱΣҲԵˣ£ܲԹۣһҲʲô¡
ͳ죬˰˰ɡ
Ťͷһֱں￪˵
ǡﹰӦ
̫һԵôõı壬һֱĴ棬񿴼־һ꣬Ҳûκβ䣬һº͵ӣԸСĲҪԷ˴
һ⣬Ҳûȥ¥Ȥ̫ӵǸϾԭӦҪһͬȥģʱڣǷ˶Էӡ
Ųɵתͷ̫һۣȴ̫Ӳŭ֮⣬ǳ¡
ǹʧˣ̩¥Ͼ˶ӣֻðӡӲӣ˽Ʒȫһժ¥
ҡҡͷл̫⣬̫Щ
ӹʵ£ǱʮƲƷȥժ¥Σ
ǰ֮˳ϿҵĿ⣬ջǵ˵ͷ
Ȼ˱㽫ݰȫͻժ¥ͣſڣΪг̵ͽˣڿ΢ɷɣô
ȴĽݲṳ̂ţض̫ӿһԭЦݺƵ̫϶е㽩Ӳ
ôˣѵǹʲô
̫ӶʼԼǲʲôţȴɱԭģ
һ뽪һ֣ϱһƿͨ󣬷·һϺõİи̶ɵƷ
ƿ̫ϣ̾һ̫ӻǸñǣҩΪ쵤ɹ̱Ԫٲ
˵գɢӰһ̧ͷԭվſڵһժ¥㣬ֻһٻӰ
̫ӺʼͻȻóĵҩûȻֱֶһվſںһûл
ȴϲ̫⳯ӹص˴ƣضӼ̫ӵʵ£Ļ£Žɵ͸ڵ¡
̫սеĴƿһʱƽңҲ֪Լ㣬ҪúԼϱ˵ͣء
ЩԽҲǲֻҩʯҽĸòƵķӣֻܿúҲаи
ⵤҩܳκĲ֢֮
һŷʿĽ𵤣ӵֶΣԷ֮ˣɵ϶ԷһΡ
һΣأ
л˵
ӢۣףҰ


9 
̫ڻػʹ·ϣҡΣԼĿﻹŷǸƿȵﻹϵش⡣
һľʵЩ벻ͨΪʲôӻһг֮̽ͻȻҩΪЩ䱦Σ
ܣȻ࿴˼ۣƽ·ԼֻһЩѰ΢ЩС⣬˶࿴ϼۣ֮Ҳûбļֵˡ
Ϊվ֮£ͣ¾һɵ꣬Ŀڲȥ¥Ϊ̽Լ̬
ԼǷ紫˵Ǹʵ֮ˣǸóαװ֮
ڼݳҲôģŽշһУλӻǾ̫꣬̽ӶǷб֮ģָĿڴظ̫ӻ᲻Ϊŭ
һ֮ȷ̫紫˵ǰʺͣ㣬Ϊ˽ԷóǿƲ֢֮ĵҩ
ȻҲ²ţȴԼЩ뷨Ƕ߰˷ֵģˡ

һߣոſϵȻͶӰָöԷΪԼһӻص¥Ľݿ뿪ʩʩȻػص˷
һӷҲʻࡣ
øոյһֵŸպùһƿ쵤
ݿ˵ﻹЩʹļ׵ĸоϾζһĵҩʵ̫ˣҪôһʻء
ûʲô̽ԭոռ̫ӲãݾѾҪҪһ㶫һˣȻ̫ӲжҲֻ岻ã첻㣬ȻҪ֮
Ҫʱ̫ã̫ӱæµҲûôʱ
ѡ쵤Ե壬ͨ磬֮ٲȫֻҪպԼע⣬ڼӶȻҲܺͳһܱȳ˻Ҫ
ֵֻҩҪϵĻָһˡԭǲҪһʱ˵̫ڵҲûôϼ켸ӦҲҪ
ȴû뵽ſϰԵز鿴ֵʱֹⷢҩĻѾˣŵ²ҳû͸˶Է
һʲôһִϵͳ塣
ôӵôأԭΪõϸһʱ䣬ڴǰչֳʲô񼣵ʱ򣬲лոģֵġ
ף˭
ԼˣͬԼһŵ֮⣬ֻǸСۿԼ˶ΪԼĻʶغԼԣѵ
ݿǰһֱֵ˼⣬ϴĵ۸ĻҪߣѾʱֵߵˡ
ôᣬѲʲôĻӣһ˵˻ʵ𣿻ǵʲôսµĴ󽫾һ
ڲ²ţȻ治һ꣬պĳɾͽĵۻߡ
ƾĶۣĵȷʵǳƽӹȴӹʵ۵йоأĻʵȣ˵ǲˣϾ˭ǸλٻɱᣬܲУܹԼأ
˵ǸСӾΪʲôһȻʵۻҪɫĳɾأѵǸʲô͵ķ죬˼ʷϣ
˵һԪһӵײ㿪ʼ췴ɹ
뵽˴ʵ̲סЦˣ뵽۾ף뵽ʷԪЬһȽʵЩЦ
̫ĻӰɣϵͳһֱߣҡҡͷǣѪҲܱ֧λġ
˼⵹Ҳǡ
ҵɨ裬ǸʷǳŶȻЩӪȽС츳ǸĺӣֵҲǿŶ
ϵͳСȸߴߴ˵ԼռϢ
ԹȻǴ󽫾ɡȭģһȻӣ֮˻ʶ飬٣Ȼһ·˹ѫ׿Ĵ󽫾ء
ǳϵͳСȸҲһۺе
˵ҲǺкñԼһأԼṩ˺ôһֵҲǷˡ

̫ǽ˻ʹûлԼĶǾȥ˻ʵڵ巵
ڣȥƺĵƺӵ۵ǰȥϸһܷʵǻʵںͶԷֽ̣λӸλ
˵ǵĸ£ĸҲƺΪеĵλƹܴɽһе֮
λӵְҲʹйأ⼸յ˵Ǵܴľķѿ˲˼ǰʢ֮
̫ƺӵĵؿڣԼҲ̲סϸ˼һöԷ˵Ҳ޵
ڣʵۼ̫ӳԼʺãΪɫƺӵǷǳʶȤظˣǸӶڵڡ
һпɻ˳
ĵ۲ż̫ӵģ֪ûгʲôĲȴһ㿴̫ߵǰ֪ƣӼһƿ˵ҩΪ쵤
˵ձ㽫еİ״ƿó˫ֹصݵĵǰ
ԷһվССİɫƿӣû˵ԭЩʱҪúֺöԷۣܵ裬ȴϵӾ˿
۹⿴ǰĴӣҲ̫ӺӵԵ̫ӱͱԴӲŵӻģԼöȷʵ
Ȳش򿪴ƿװԲɢŵĹİɫҩ裬ȥʣɢһǳ㣬类֪һ赤ҩĵҲҪΪʲôϡ֮ˡ
ʣ˵ⲹй̱Ԫٲ֮Ч
̫ӿĵɫĿɣʱڵ
ȻԼпԪĵҩǿưٲѾѵõƷˣԼͣиʲôͷȣʪ֮СëСɵ֮󣬻ָܻ׳ʱڵ״̬ҲѾ㹻ˡ
ֻǣⵤ蹲һ϶Ҫָ̫ӵģϾӸĶͣһԼʣһָδأ
ԼׯӺݵļ̻ʺԼԼʮֳ谮ĻʹԼЩССʮӻŮһʱ仹ЩͷۣҪһȷŰɣЩãûʲô󰭣Ҳȱһ̱Ԫĵҩ
붨֮ĵ۱㽫һ֣ؽ̫ϣԼҲһŵҩɫ仹ЩȸԾ
ʣöµҩٷɡ
̫˵ձ㽫ҩֱȥʼļϢʲôоҲûУȻܿ죬̫ӱԼ¶оԼԴð
ЩͷΣֵһԳԼ壬۾ɫЩʹ࣬һԵĵ۶֪Ǻˡ
л˵
ʵ´ˣǴ󽫾


10 
һ̫Ӿ˲ٱĵڣ˲ٺôһĹ򣬻¶ʪ͸ˣͷ޽ҲʪһƵϣԭԲ԰׵Ҳú˼ʱһ㡣
һԵĵۿЩģ̲ס˰̫ҽ̫ӳʲô⡣
ɫĳӣʹԼŮ̫ģ̫ӻǲͬģϾԼĵһӣԼΪ˸ҲϲãͶע˲Ҫ˵̫ʳڣҲһλɫδ
ЩĺڣôóȻֱ̫ӷµҩģԭ֪Ӧҩǡ
ܿ죬̫ӱӸոлˣŸܵʹҲʱɢоδйɣǰ㣬ޱȣǻֽˡ
ʱ϶ʪ͸ˣ¸оǱ˴ˮһʪģëҲմ˲ٺˮ
̫˲Լڵݲ˰վоԼӯ࣬壬Ծ֣߬ɿ
оԼ˴δйľһֱоԼ̫ϼ·ʹҪ˵Ҳ᲻ʲô
Ȼһεģʦ֪岻ãֶγҲϵö棬ֻǣСܼȦõҲһЩ͵Ĺ
Ȼʲô̫ʦҲʲô⣬Ͼ̫ƽʢֲ񿪹ʱ̫ҪᵶսµʱΪһҲ
ֻڣᵽ˵ĸʲôˣԼĿһֱѹԼĴʯͷڱῪһޱȣоԼϳ˾Υ
ʶоΣ
ĵ۹еʵȻ̫Ѿָɫ仹βסļ֮⡣
ʣоӴδй졣
̫ӹصһ˵ŻһԾԾԣĶׯһ˿װΣȻߵǽǣһ˶ߵķ۲ϲȵ֦˫ƿһӱ
룬ôѧ϶ëëˣĵۼԼƽһֱعصĴӣȻǸϲչĶһɵÿڴȤﵹû֮⡣
˵̫⸱ޱȣֲģҲϲúο
̫ţǷӦһ˼طĻƿɫ΢죬Щ޴룬¹ڲʵϴ
Ƕһʱж״ˣ븸ˡ
ʵԼôЩ꣬һӻָ̫ϲһӶԼˡ
޷޷Z念á
ĵ۱ʱ̫ҽΪ̫һڵ̫ҽ϶֮󣬲Ÿȫ
̫ҽӴ巵ԶԷżæŵظ֪Ϊ̫Σ̫ɫȫͬ԰׵ݣһʱЩ´⡣
ȻǸĻʵۣ̫ӱϾǻ谮ӵãʲô⣬ʹʥʴȣҲҪǨŭˡ
ϾҲ俪ҽݣҽ֮£ٿļҲѱѰ̬
һ̫֮ҽͰ࣬ɫ仹Щɲ
̫Ƚƽͣʮ֪λҽΪ̫һأ
̫ҽԭڣƽ͵ɫһӱüѾʮˣñ˳ҽңûʱľ˹ʹβҲЩ̫ƫķӣȡ
ǹҩķḻӦоУ㹻ҩ֧Ҳʹҽиķչռ䡣
ǫؽԼҽѾǷ켫ȥʦԼҽ֮Ҳǲضá
Լôֻ꣬α겻αǿά״̫ӣȻڶ̶̰ھͻָúͳûʲôܲȣܲ
̫Ӻĵ̫ҽ϶ĻڷһЦ
̫ҽŹǰյ˽֮˵
ĵ۲ԣֻǿ
жš
ʵϣǶţ֮ʱ̫ҽΪԱʱ֮ûۼǰ񼣡
ǺԼԺҩĲҩһȫʢĳʮſһεĻҲ⡣
ҲǾãô˻ὫЩѾҩȫժһⷢҩʤжǷ·˵Ųɡ
Ѳɣλ𣿡̫ҽ̽Եʵ
ƣɵ²ŵԻָ
̫ӶһԣֱƽģϸΪԷɫǴδйƽ
̫ҽһӼԭһվ壬ʮ㣬˿֮⡣
֪֪ɻɵ棬ʳһ
á
ĵǳ׷̫ӷµҩ֮ûκ⣬Լε̫ҽ֮ҲȷȷʵѾָ״̬
̫Ӻ̫ҽһߣҲƿеһҩȡԥ̷ȥ
һԵ̫ҽȡƿʱѾˣǼʲôϡ䱦һ㣬סס
ĵֱӽҩ֮󣬸Ŀתضǰĳ۾գһ˲˲ضŶԷ´ʲô
ܿ죬ĵҲо˷̫Ӹܵʹ֮УսǿŲڣֻоԼµ˲һȫһĴۡ
ŵĻʵЩסܿ죬ǹʹʧˣתܵһˬ
ĵ˫ֻۣǰһƬԴ֮۾ԽǣѾûиܵˡ
ʱʱͷҲһ滺࣬ƣҲһɨգϼȦ
һԵ̫Ӻ̫ҽԭѾʮ꣬Գ̬Ļʵۣµҩ֮󣬾Ȼ˾ʮһԵȡ
Ϊĵ۱ͣϻëٲȫ֮󣬾ʮ㣬״̬Ȼ˾ࡣ
ͼӰЧ̫ҽֱҪƲסԼȥ鿴ʵ״̬ˣûʵϵƶ˼ǻָ׳ʱһ㡣
ĵѾоԼϵı仯ԭҲóоԼʱ׳־ͼ
ȻȡͭеԼ⼫ˣ̲סҿԾԼ
֮󣬲ʲôһʼ̫øӶʲôţںδ޽ָøʲô㹻ߵĹְ

һߣһ̩¥ļƲƷ֮󣬽ϣһߺϵͳ̾ţĹҪľ¥⼸Ʒĺóԡ
˵䣬жһŮ⣬żΪ͵ɤ˵λΰأ
ϵͳСȸһ˸Լɵǰ˷š
Ů޷ԿҲû¶ŵı飬صͷ
ԱߣѾϴɾһѵĵޣվŮߣҲһ˳ӵģ
л˵
ҩû֮ǰ
̫ҽʲô˽ĵʿƭӰɣ
ֲҩȫҩʤ֮
̫ҽĵ϶˽˵ķҩʦҽʥĸ


11 
ţô
ýݵʻЩŵ˫ͬʯһ۾̧ͷһۣȻֿٵصͷ
һԵŮ״ڻصλСӼ֮ǱҪؼҵģС˵·ȥˣ£һӦرԸΪʹ
ݼһĬϵӣȻҲֻǼԵ̶ʱأһԼǰŹԼȻֹȻǻֵġ
ֻû뵽ԷȻ˷ģҲǱǱץģǾˣҲ޴ȥ
аȥҸƸģΪʲôҪѯԼС¥󲿷ֵŮޱȣһ˵С鷳Լġ
ѵ̽Լ𣿿Լһγ־µˣǲʲô֮ŻܵԼ
ݿ˿ԷɫĻѪףǡôںص㣬Ʒӵ쾡µòԼɫƤ
ܲᣬǾԼɣ
᲻ᣬ͵ҡͷ˿Ŷ󰡣治ڣܾģǰԼһ䡣
꼸Σ
ǰŮ̧ǺһأŵɫȴϸҲشվĵ޶
ʮ
ȵػصȫƽɫ²ӿ
ݻЩ죬ԭΪҲʮңû뵽ȻʮˣǰȷʵӪ
˼תԺ˼Ÿôǰˣͷϵͳֶһʻֽˣ˼״鿴飬־Ȼǰ޸ģһһʸ֮ǰһֵ
ףôһֻ޶ôë
ĵģڵһʱѾߵһʻ֣˺ֵԶԱȽٵģôǰ˲һأ
ԭµЩҡϾ˵Ǹֵ޶öëء
ǿʵǿڴ˵أ뻹ֻǵպɡ
ǵɽ껹㣬ٸϼӣȥЩСӪɡ
ȻЩ۲֣ǽҲǿ󣬱ϾԷͻСǰֹôңܰһһѣ˵Ǹ˶뵱źˣܵͨ񣬱Ѿܲˡ
Ȼȴϲͬǹһֱ̧۾Ϣ֮ȴǲȻƿĿ⡣
˵ޣҵˡ
ƺ̫Ӧ˶Իߴ£ضŵذ忴ţԸΪЧȮ֮͡ѧŴĻصسŵš
ҡҡͷҵģҲԵʲô˵ģԼġ
һԸĿڵӣݻӦˡ
ðɣ룬ʺͳԸԸɡ
ͳǰӾͱĵ۵ժ¥ȫģһֻʮ˵Сӣҹ¥Ѳߣ˵ҲܲʺϽ̵ޡ
Ͼϵͳ϶ӦúʺɣԭΪı˶Է˹켣˵ⱲӲһܵϴ󽫾ˣڣָЩء
ŮӦŵȥˣʱԾػٿһۣȻźܿҲˣڵߡ
ɵüǵùأա
ŮһۣûôߣϾ¥źĸӽӵģ֮飬겻պ̵ǡ
ĬȻ˼Ϣ³һš֡
ͳѲӣнڣɵժ¥ԶԽݵӳ̶ȣʵʱ岻
ϾǾݵӰ٣һҲô˵أĻΪһݵλӢƥսĽ
ˣͳȻûеģԾǷǳ㡾ְأ·Ϊֵأڼֵֻ档
˵ЩҲۼͥԺü˻Ĵһ˲֮ȫӣ˵ݵɢȥľϢڴ˴ΪŨĲľҲïʢġ
¥ǽԭĵؽҲ࣬ԭֻǿһСƬǽȫԶƬǽ
ʹȺڽݵݸŲɣеľη֮Ҳʤ
ţλָģ
ͳ캫ССĻѪСӣü΢һչ
ȻǿСʲôĵطֵλ࿴ǱϾǿ͵ԼģǾ͸ɡ
ðɣǾĽΡ
ֻҪӮܽҵ¡
Ŷһʿ°ͣ䣬ȥȵЩûûصġ
һȥĸߴڵľʿվ˳ǣͳ졣
̶ߵ޶棬¶һЦɣһСģġ
޲ΪⷬʲôӵǰŶԷ̷ȥȻԷߴӣȴҲһӱ˹ȥֱֳץȥ
һŤ͵࣬˳ưסۣĴȿһŤԭΪȻİ˲ʹɫŤ۽޳һˤڵϡ
رڵϣһƬоķҲ۵ҪȻ޸ʹֽǰȥץסȣһקٳŶԷһֻһţһӱֲƽ⣬Եڵء
޲˶ԷԼĴ֣ݺݰסĲѹȥƵöԷһӴһ̾Ҫ鵶ɱһ㡣
ˣˡ
ͳسĳݣ׼ȷͣ˲ڵϵĶ֮䡣
ˡ
ƽҲʲô̬
˷ֿ󣬺ͳǰԷĹͷ˵ĵطһޱģһ
ȥҽʦҩҰɡ
ߺ󣬺¶һЦתһİ˶飬һԵĶѴЦš
ѽ䣬㲻ѽôСӶ̵ܰ
ǰ˰ڵϣ˰
䳯⼸ڵЦһһȭȥȴֻǿЦ
һǸƢûΪͳ죬ȷʵǸӣôССģĴ󡣡
ң˫۾뵽ԼʱɽϵȺںҹзĿ⣬˯}ûš
ãֵ֪֮ǵҲȥҽʦ￴
οУǳ⣬˶Էĸ֮͸ĲˣȷʵǸĺӣ
ͻǴЩĴܷʽһǿһǿŲ֪Ĵ̾ѧҰ·Ӵ򷨣ǵúúþǡ
а˼š
л˵
ؽɽ


12 
֮ϣĵ۶ΣһһյΪҪ˳ʱͻȻ
ڰ䶼ѵ֪ǰЩӣ˽Ϣˡ
ԭ»ЩѾе˰ջе׼ֵؼҵĴ󳼣Ŵԣһȫ
ϾϴʵֻһСֹԱʸһͬǰҪ˵ЩԱ˹ɣûлüգֻܴ˿õյĳĳȴ޿κΡ
ڳĹ͢ʦų֮ͤ󣬸ӰûˣŲ˵ижҪ֮һһڻֽ֮ϣȻһ¡
лһ˾;סժ¥ԶһϣʢľǾˣԭأΪĳҡײƭķʿֶεĲʷ˷Ҳò϶Է
ֻ˶ڿϧ˳ժ¥Щ֮ǸҲδӰ
ĵͻȻ£һӶ֪˵ЩʲôѵҪϯȺݼ
ŵڴĵһһԵ̫ඡʱǰһڵ˽ȷд£ϳ֮£ãձӽΪʦаٹ֮ףʳ򻧣ԽǧĶ
µһϵзǲûϸϾЩҲӦģ˵Щ˸ۡ
ֻǴʦһְδйǰרΪλյְλȻͷܸߣȴֻǸְѡ
ְλλˣǵǼʣǾǷλˣϾǿٶʹͣٸߵĹְֻҪλõˡ
ֻǸһְǷЩ
˼תȴûпڣ֮ǰԴɵĲʷ֣˵£ʦһְǷǹڲˡ
˽һϲ£βΪţķڸݸϵչҲ֪µһ⡣
ĵ۵Ǿǰƽﲻ̫ϲʷյ鵹Ǻܺ⡣
Ͼǿ˾¶ʳ˼ȣҲҪ𹩷ģҲΪţʥĸԪ
ֻϧǲѯʱӹȻƴŽ뷨ֻͬⵣιʦһְ̫źˡ
ĵһҡͷһ߿˵ǵ˵ЩԸľĳϣȥ۹ڼУ
˵ʵҲ֪ЩƵţ飬Ϊ칬ȻŲĳǮƵġ
էƣԸ¶ˣԼʱĵҲɵķ˼Ϊĺؽе߲ѡ
۷׷ףųĲʷҲΪһп֣óϷ°գȡ
һ˱ͬ˷˵Ĺʦһ£˵˲ԸŰգ˻ϣʦһѸ£˴ּݸأ˴̡

һߣԭҸʲôʵʱóԼЩֵ߲ĽݣͻȻ뵽ǰĵѯԼҪʲôţΪܽ飬ֱεͷƤ顣
ȥļͻȻʼ
ϵͳСȸģ˳˳ëƽ˼֡
Ȼ׼ҪװĽ飬뵽ṩһԼеȫһüĿĽ񣬾ͺ޲ýֺץء
뵽ʵ˻˵ΪһţһǸһӸֵʣиʥĸԪ׺ţʵܲܣ̫ˡ
ǹʦðˣϿڣһۿȥˣסǰʦסժ¥ⲻ
ݻλӣŬѸոЩ뷨ȫɢˣЩˣſʲô˼ĺˡ
·Ϣ󷨣˷ţ¥ƺЩ죬¥ɴ׿ŵµ
ͥԺҲž۵Ļȣһ˽ͤˮϣԱ߻Ųٸʽֲȥ⣬ʹȵļҲܸо⡣
ȾͷǻǾסĵطһСƬ䳡Ǵﴫġ
ȻЩԶ·ԼϢļӳ£ǶĿԶľҲܿġ
֮ǰͳµĵޣЩǴ䳡ϰŶԷĸֹΣĻ𣬴ʼ̬Ȼƾ֮ǰ˻˵Ĵǻº֢ġ
ʼҲǺܾȣϾǸδһɾˣȻҲȷʲôɾͣٷܳɴߣȱľ;ġ
ôŶԷһʱϻܿ͵͵ܳӰ˼ҹŮܿͱͳ촸һ٣ϳˡ
⼸ƺڵõ˶Է׿ϣʼЩǹˣͳһʹģһˣüãбϾ佫ң˵ʵԣֻǽΪڶѡ
㿴ŶԷһֱڻʹõıƺûжҪʹõıһһͺͳ佣ЩƵĽ
Ȼѡ˽ɡ
ݰ˼ţȻ˴վҲڿֵϵͳСȸһûվȣצץס
Ӯˣһһ֡
۾أֵشߴϵͳԸķ䣬ǰµһ˴ŵĶעĵľǺͳѡʲô
ó˧һǺͳóģ϶ѡϵͳȴðԤĿӦǳ.ǹŶԡ
תȥˡ
ǰȸɥëûôˣɶȻͺŵϵͳˣС¶
ѽѹˣҴȥԾԲӡݸ˳˳ëһ߰
ԴӳԹϢĹ֮;͵ȥ֣ЩСԣ֣ϾҪָ˵ģƻ裬ֻ͵ȥԳԺȺӡ
£ƺ̫г֮ͷǳѸٵرͳ˽ڵϱָüģһʱգôݵĻѪһӱ¶ǰ
ݲòԼȷʵۣôһʱͲ֮ǰСģܳԱ֮޵ҲһѸٳȫʮĸоǵʱģԲὫϳʮ͡
ޱһѴӵУƫͷժ¥ķһۡ
ˣСӿʲôأҵʽˣǾϰɡ
˵գͳ㼱ҴˣϾҪѲӼ죬ֻܼЩʱ
ĵӵͦģϾԷʵҲȷʵ츳ıȽ̼ǼʡµĵܵʡĶˡ

ڣʱָȫĵۣĺõִʻ滭ȴجģһվīֽϣһҲ˲ˡ
ʲôݷߣ


13 
ϢǱ߼ģü٣ĵ֮ôţԤ߻Թľ޴ʧ֮⣬ΪλñʹھߣʳҲ·̣һݸƲס飬Ʊػӵ
ĵǽƲѣ⼸ʮ꣬Ѿ˺üκ֣̫أȥҲˣڶôˡ
ǽ꣬ǰЩѾ˼£ںԿ֮ǰһ꣬Ŷȹ⡣
ԭָ㣬ضʱתˣȴû뵽ߣǣǲ֪Ǻá
Ѳɣ޵ľʾ޻ӹ״²λ
뵽ĵЩѿԼʵۣȻǱϲ㣬ȲЩ汲ǱȴǴ´࣬ΪξͶԼͷأ
Ȼţǲ˻༰λд󳼣Ѱһͬ¡
λӵϢ֮ҴҸȻҲĽѣϾ¹شһƲס飬ػɴ
ӺֽݸһԵͬţƬ̣֪ݳļ˵ǳɢߣڣ̶֮ڣд˶˲
Ǵͨģ
ͨݾݲԶǲݷ˴κ֮£Ҳصĵطû˰ԲϣĴ
͢ǰʱȻҲǲֿȥģֻȣ޷ڶʱھȼ˶
ֻǣ֪˵㣬¹Ѵˣԭ㿪žȼõ֪̾ͷ˳ţЩ룬ϾЩ޷ģеľ˵˶ɱһڣʵԿơ
ֻϵЩ˾Ȼкһ˾ȻǴͨģϴּ߲ͨݱڣǰҲкܴһͶԼݵģŽգһСֳ֮ˣ͵͵ȥȼݡ
ҲϵˣаҲѸȾߣԭĳһӿ֪࣬ݸ϶˵˲š
ˣ֪ŷ˼ǰԮ
ͨΪϱ飿ʵҲ֪ݵϢȻͨǱ߷˴ߣ뵽ݽߴȥġ
ֻǿɺԼûܵͨݴİϢ񿵣ְأҪжְ
񿵱һ֪ͨݣʮĽʿϸýһ䵱ʱΪ٣δһʦǡ
ôԣȫΪǿ˵£֮ɲǮ˾ȼãǲҽٷҩģðĲǡ
ãలűǡ
ĵһýֻ˼ǰҲĳߣΪأʦҲ⣬ʱУҼнʬ֮ʹк֮Ŷ죬ɥ١
һ뵽ǰ㳡ĵ۾ͲæԸ˴󳼣ǵӼӽھʦѲӣ˽Խ롣
ȻҲӦ£̶ʼӦߵľٴһüͷⳡͻ顣
һͬĻҲǿѿڣλˣҲǮǻûˣǰЩӴ󺵣Щݸ֣һȥλҲ֪ġ
ΧĸλԱҲĬȻҲֻڴߵͷλҪǮУȻߺУȻд鷳ġ
ĵҲͷ۵ĺܣǱ޵˽ʮӡ
Ȼô˵ˣܿʵһ۵ӣ˼ҪµһͬǮˡ
ʥʵ¡˹һжԸӵӡ
Щٹ֪оʮӾȼ£ȻҲǲϳӵУһžǮԻлʵ¡
ܿͳ뵽ʮӣҹһҩ̫ҽԺҲһҽʦ׼ҩһͬȥ
ֻǰݵղ󳼻ûж£ԭĵǻ룬ֻǻû֪Էվȣǰݡ
һʱоûѡ

ժ¥ڻʵ۵£ҲӺͳĿе֪ݷߵ飬ûϢͨǱߣҲ˽
ͨϽ֪ۣͤ˵֪ͨԭʱΪ⣬Ĵ̰ǰЩӷֵӣأԷߵĴȫΧýȫȻһѻչ⡣
ֻǺʵǿƲסڻ֮ҲԽԽ֪࣬ݶ񿵼ƲЯҾӣûټ
ڵͨϽǣٲȻǼˣʮҾſգ洦ɼ֮˵ʬǡ
úͳⷬҲĬãſȥ
û֮ŷ齣ɫЩţȻ߰
ȻִݲûЩڹŴƵߣǿؼ¼Ƭ˽֪ʶǺףʱûЧҩû磬߼ֱǾһ
ϵͳɵ嵹õ⣬Ҳʵĵ֪ԼϢԼԮ֡
ȻֻǸװɣ뵽ԼȻŽָһ⣬ĻҪϼֵġ
ݷʼѯϵͳԶһĶһ߻Ÿϵͳ̹ѯûʲôߵĶ
еģŶ
ݿϵͳչԼǰĻ棬ȻϴιĲ쵤ʵǼƷҩ裬ֻȡǸоԱС˵ȡôһŵ֡
ҡҡͷǺܺã̫ˣϴιһƿҲôһʻ֣ߵô࣬ÿһ˶ܶһһҩ
¿ݱ㿴һҩˮ˵ǿθּҩ
û𣿡ݲɵÿɡ
ʵϣǸѾûЩ߼ˣǶһЩƫƧ̲ϲŻصĶҲûӦҩϾֻҪҽƲһɾͺˡ
ҩˮΪǵӤ̫ף޷ʹҽƲ֣רƵҩˮθּ
ݿҩˮļ۸ɫᣬȻ۸ǺܺʣϾֻһַδʩ൱磬ʹûл˲صĻ
ڵǣͨݻ໼İգȴûӦֶΡ
ҩˮĻǲ˵µĻӳӵʱ䣿
ǵŶֻ͵ĻҩˮһԿȬءϵͳڻش
ҲˣϾ˵ⳡ߷ٶȼ죬ĳЩصĲһȾؼң֮ھȫɥ
ҩˮӳʱ䣬ôҲ֧ŵƵʱ򣬻ܻ
л˵
ٳԲֲġ˵ִоѧۣⳡ׵۽ʱڵߺпߡ
ԼйڻҵĶһ˵ȫûпݣݿܻЩš


14 
ðɣܲûֶһѯܣѯһصġ
ǰֻǸͨˣûָĻŴ磬ҲС˵첣ʲôķ¸ΪĲ֪ô죬㿴ֶҲϸϾ˭뵽ϴԽ£
ͬҲǣ˵ڲûʮּЧֶΣִķΰôʩԼǰƵֶΣڹŴ󣬲ϵľδʩ˵Ǻвοֵġ
еŶϵͳҳչʾǰҪעʱ䣬ǰСʱȡֵŶ
һ֣ʼѯϵͳڹһƬհףһĶһ߼±ʼǡ
˺һֻ֮ԼԴǣᡣ˵ʵдĶûô
ϾĲܻҿƣ¶һò˽
С¥ֵصĺͳ죬һرֱվţ֪ӣŶǣӦĿڳƹʦˡ
֪ʦ˾᲻ԸԮ֣˽ҲӦģǶǸ߸ϣ̬ģ˼
ֻŹʦǵĸµְӣҲΪոβãδ˼伲࣬Żᷢ±ģȶ
óȴէùʦ˵ڶһӾһ
ͳ죬ȥ¸֪Ը˴ֶͬУһͬǰһԣֻ߲ƹְ֮²ر̫
תͷĴȥûмκӰ𾪣ȴ˽ݵĻһӼ
лʦˣԸֱˣǿ󡣡
Χû֮󣬺ֱӣ´ҴҸ˻ʹ
ʹ˵Ӧ£ԸǰһͬǰݣĵҲǰ̶࣬ʼĥֵͷѡˡ
֮ǰȣڸĻ룬һΪ֪Ȼǰվǻûôأǲҵղ󳼣ҲȾߣźĽԼֱŪøЩźֱ׳ظ
һͬУǰȫ̶ǲͬ˾ǷһͬǰȥҲûˡ
ѡѡԶɻˣԹй֮⣬Ҳܰġ
һ뵽̫ӣֺܿҡҡͷУ̫ӿǴգǳһǿ鷳
ĵԼʣµļ϶鱩꣬Ȱ̫׻£ð˾Ͳˡ
ƽƽҲԿǿǣֻŹǸӣ֪Լıȥݣ϶ҪͷߣĵһԷ޵滨ǰͷ۲ѡ
ĵĻʵۿʼ˼˵ЩҲϣҲԣԸҲǲˡ
ԽԽ˳ּ࣬ĻΪղ󳼣ǮҩǰݣһͬеĻйʦˡ
˸֪ĻӣԹʦҪ̬ȹðʦ˵ġ

ĻӻδȻסڹһλƫԶѰһҲ̤˴˸Ǿ͸һĻӣԵô˴徻úܡ
ֻǽµּ⣬ƽĹ
ּл
ּ֮ĻһԼ飬ߵ׽ּȫǱĺһϲģ
ߺԼڼ䣬еʥּж˸ղǸųݣЦһ
ոǸ̫Це˵ʥϿΪһԱǰȥֵģһԼӦж£ʹģ
ǣġ
˵õǺ̫ȥȻΪǿǽĴݲðʧ
ԼȻΪԼضΪӲǼ̺ͬҲǵӣΪ̺ŮӵĴ˾˻һ
ʵȻðգϾҲʮֿɹֻۣΪ̫ڣ˳ǸûλĻˡ
ѡԼҲΪԼȨƣûʲộһ£ʵҲɤӣ˵ʵ£Ϊ˾ȥһӣȻҲָǻʵʧ£Ŵŭ콵³ͷ
ǺƣûģҪһ˴ԼһҪжµģŻ
ĻϢ䣬ڻδƵĻ谵ζûС
𷽲ᵽλʦǣˣĶˣ
ĻԼĸײ֮ʱ˼λ̫ҽ˵ҩʯҽΪʱĵȻݷ𣬹лһƮƮüĿԳƵԵ֣޵ΪʵƳҩͷ
ʱʵ۵˵ҩȴ׷£һƵģ˵ɼȻز㽫ҩһ
ʱСĻӣΪǸүүˣóĵҩܾԼףڴؿŶԷ£ȴĸֱѪֹҹˡ
ÿÿ뵽û޲ýǸϵʿңֻȻ󶪵ڣʵǱˡ
ˣΪʲôΪĸҹģţԸ⽫ԼжóԼҲȲĸأ
Դ֮ҲЩʿˣһȫǹҡײƭ֮ˡ
ʲôνʦҲֶ˵ãһʱƭסЩ˰ˣߣȻôһͬǰȥݣǺõ
ҪʦҪôʰЩ̯ӡ
ĻӵʱҲûʸŻʵһͬμ룬ȻҲۼݣ֮İǻ֮ĹشƫƧҲۼ
˵˿ŹЩʱʢʻȴȻᶨԼ뷨ֻǶԷʲôͷѡ
֮ǲԸȥ˽ģϻʵǸӣֲʲôʥҲ·

һߣͳҲѾժ¥һһ֪ʦݵľԼ˴Ա
ڵ֪ξȻĻеʱ򣬽ĵҲоȣϾǰڵӾ￴ղ󳼣һ㶼ǳйԱûôѻɳġ
ͲԼĶȥ޻ֶû۾˵ģѲĶԼô
ĵź㱨˴гǮд̫ҽԺļҽԼһЩʱչõҩġ
ȷʵЩˣǾԶһ˵ֻǰȥʳҩȻҪ·ݸģᣬҲ·
ݾ˲Զشʱҩļ۸Ӧ䰺˲ŻӾãֱ͹ȥҲʡ˲¡
ʱգ㶨պ
л˵
Ļӣ֪ʦᶨΨߣȷ


15 
ʱת۱պеĶҲѾ׼ϣԱҲѾ
Ϊ·ĹʦǴ˴γеղʹлȨߵˣ˭ĵСңԭͰ߸Ľͳ캫һˣĵۻ˺ͳһּ⣬ԵͨݸפԱʱ֮衣
ĻΪղʹҲǶ֣ǴҲףԷȥʵֻΪȥģԳ͢µļֻҪúùŲҪ¾С
⣬еĻ̫ҽԺʮ̫ҽһơҽҩگڼ֮¡ĺҽԺ˼ʮҽ١
ҩһǴҽԺдŵҩȡģһȥչŴ˼ʮҩġ
գѾװĵ۴һڳҲΪʦС
ЩΪ֮³òУԭ˵ҩκϵСëС֮Ե˼ֵݣտȥҲЩ㲡
ʵ۳һ񣬡ʦϳȣ޴ͨݰлʦΩԸʦһ˳һ·ƽ
յͷãµĽԡ£˺ҲһɢŽɫâ˲ֱӡ
΢΢һ񣬡ʵ£ĺ֮ԵΪ
ĵߵĻǰڽܵ޵ӳʤ£һͬǰȥ¾ɲȥֻҪܰæͺá
һԵĻӸæǰɫЩֻʣʦ¾ܷԸǣҶġ
ȥ̫ׯ󷽣һнģֻһۣͰͷ£һֱӵӡ
վߵĵʶüȺСȴǱݲ׽ˣüĿתĻһۣӦ¡
ȴ룬Ļӿȥȷʵ紫˵Ҳôֻʵϲӣֻǲ֪ǲ
йԱҲںԼļ˸ذǰȻûз˼ֻһͬǰݵĸ磬ʵǿյúܡ
ͷˣˣѾ£ϾҪˣͱˡ
Ȼǰضƺûϸ˵ĻŰŶӦţȻذȴ͵͵⿴Ľݣذһ²תѹһŵܵܵĸ첲ɫί
ɰ֪գҵҲýѰְλҲһͬ˵ĲֵܰµС𣿡
ذһΣǴ˴еĹԱ֮һֿܲⴢ漰֮µĲֲС
ض֮ǰȥ֮󣬾һֱǸͻȻˣ˵λΪʹǰߣһֱųô˻Էӡ
ռֱ֮Ϊˣԭֻе⣬˵ʲôضһͬԻĶɣ¶һȥ£ԭΪͣذΡ
磬ں˵ЩʲôأѶóȥҪ·˵ľܸĵģ
˵ĸ׿֪Ҫһͬȥ
ضոջһԾԾԵӣһЩ飬ԭͬĸ˵Ͷɵģĸ׿û뵽ӻԼһͬͳȥֱӲˡ
ֻҶӣĸ׶ȻͬһͬǰȥģϾΣǶ˶£ǿǺã
⻰ض̾˿Ҳǲ֪أ֪Լܺ͵ܵһͬȥģԣԼСҲҪԼȲߣϾĸ׻ᵣģȻǸѧ竣ȴТġ
ֻȻʵ֮ǰľסϧʹܵժ¥ҲûܼӼĽһ棬һμصĹʦ
һ˾ޣȻֻǺһҴ󵨵ֱӶԷֻĵ۲
ЦЦıɫԼʵ£չɢ͵Ĺ⣬ȴ˲Ҿӣϼ۾ͲԾƿĿ⣬ԼעӶԷð
ضʱͱסˣвԾһЩϾ˰˭أԡ֮£Ҳܵϼֺôأ
˴γ֮˵ļҾǣԭﻹڷǣ¶Էʲô֣һãȾ˲λص֮оҲط
ԷûгŵʲôǱϾλʦҪȫֵġ
һ֮˲ͱ˱һгӽнԶʧǰ

·ϣڶĻʼˮңһʱЩͷԣϾһ˵ˮԼģԶеĻ;ĺˮϪˮǵ·˼ҵĵطˮȣôػ׼ôģˮ
ǽݵ˼һǶԷµˮɱݣԷаֺԭܵˣһżæŵشˮҺ£޲ýÿһˮȸɸɾ
ԭȻ֪ݻԼһͬУ˻ҲܱӻˣлǻѹЩģȷи֪ˮ֮ͲصȾߣһǾ࣬ԭŵҲ
ǰĳƺеЩ΢΢ȣضˮЧĳС٣ĵԼʼǲԼ̫ģµʱûע⵽
Щҽپ͸ˣǴһͬе̫ҽֵ£ʵѾܴˣԭǲģϾ̫ҽԺ֮ףʮͣǿҪ֮£ջʵۻӦ
ֵԼҽߣЩһֱòڶ֮ͨԭΪԼһӾѾԲˣҲѾˣֻҪͽܣҽպˣ꣬Ѿˡ
ڵ֪֮ǰóɵ̫ӶһӼȫĹʦҪһͬǰ־ߵʱڤڤбãԼһøȥȻĻԼڵġ
㲻˶ͽܵȰ裬˼ӺҽʦȻǰȥĶ顣
ˮңһ˵ˮԷа룬ȾߣץˮңֲţҪʦǷ˵˱ģöԷ˵Ļһһ䶼©ظһ飬ȷû©֮󣬲ŷ˶Է뿪
ʱҲȷʵ˽ݶԺͳĶͳҪôге˺£Էߣ˵ʲôԷаֺ
֪ʶˮƽߣֻպ«ưضǰ̫ҽظ˵Ļͷһģҡҡͷȥһַˮˡ
Ȼŵ̫ҽԱߴֱӰˮˮ˵ͽܣɸֵԴ
ضûʲô򣿡
ĴͽģԴҲϰˣʦˮѲ˼һѧѧô𣬿˵ҲûЩϲеɲҩ


16 
˭ˡ̫ҽҲˮҺȥССڵ᲻һӺ꣬˻һСֵԼָڴСͲ
ȻҲ֪֮ģϾ²ǷеĶȻΪӵ֮ǰĻ
޷޸ÿʲôִߣΪΪŭ죬Ž˳ͷһݷ𣬿ù½ݣ´ȱͨ
ߣҲûǴŭ·߹æΪ乩ϼƷЩʹǲٷŭȥ
ҽ߱Ͼʶ㣬ֵѼǰĳҽԣΪݲ䲡ʱ¡ȵȲ࣬һ֮ڣͣԺ򣬻б缲꣬¶ɢ༲ߡ
˲ʱͣʧڣ˸й֮תȾףţӼˣԤҩΪԷ֮
Ҳҽ߼Ϊͬһ˵߲ǹΪʧλʱ¡
ҲܽͣΪʲôÿϺֺ֮ᱬ飬ʱʧĺˮǺֵºλ¶߲
Ȼ̫ҽһȴвͬļ⣬һҽߣʢӲԣֵʱҲʦִ߽ϡŹֵļ
ʦʱҲĳصߣǰǴһκȴ˲ͬĽۡ
ʦԼҽдţΪ֮ΪǷǺʪؼһС
һΪдǡа룬ʷǷ֮䣬а֮϶֮Ƿ²
ʦҽﻹдԼЩĹ۲죬ĳȾ̶߲Ƚǳӯʤ㲻ٷ˥ᴥ֮
Ľʵ֮ǰ㷺ͬʱʧ߲Ľ۴ֵͬȻԼʦ˵ģֻԼ֮㱻е˹УֻоСΪٹЩ󲡣Ҳûлȥ֤ʦ˵
Ȼ߲ȴϣ˵֮Уľϲʤȫ벻ջ
֤̽ʦۣܵõģһ޷Ѱ󵽵Ķ

һߣźͳһͬУϵĵޣҲǸˮңֻۣԥȫ¡
ţģ
Щԭϵˮ̵ںˮһ
ǰΪṩǼͯҩˮӦҲְɣֹԼﰵš
еúܿ죬Ϊ˸·չ㵽ݲԶĵط˴Ѳ֮ǰ·;ϼЩ䲻̫٣뻹̵ӣһƬȡ
ԭһȽϷݸϾ뾩ǲԶǳıؾ֮··ֵĺܣȴϰ춼ѼӰ
󲿷˶˳Ͼ˶û뵽ͻȻߣڶ̶̵ʱͿһ롣
һЩûм۸˼ƲѾˣĻڼ˵òϵģԼĲҵҲƶݣܵȥˣǰ·δ֪뿪Ҳ֪ȥη
һգҲͣסĿջվֻ¶޻Ұʱٽƻ裬˿ʼ췹⼸ˮҲٺˮ
Դӽݵһμȡ·ԵĺˮǲҪֱȡˮӦܽˮ֮ãԵӣΪԡ
ʶûһ䣬һԵ̫ҽʵǰ಻סͳ죬Ҫݼʦ
֮ͬ󣬱㹧վ⣬ų񣬼̶ڣ߶Źʦˣʦ֡
δţҽлҪʣݵĴ
Ȼֵ²ΪҡɫԴЩ٣ȴǿ򶨵ؿڣʦ֮ǰ˵ˮ֮ſɣֻˡ³֪Եɣʦɷ֪е
˵ֻ꣬æһ䣬ǲ֪Ǳˣðˡ
̫ҽϵӳһվԭأɫǫѷģЩ˼е޴롣
Ͼˮִ˵ĹʶˣҲ֪ˮм߿ϸ
ǹŴǲ̫⽫ˮտȵģϾһȽ鷳Ҳ𲻹ɽֶ⿳ǲ˷ĲֻΪˮġ
֪ˮ˲ãľˮտ˺ȣҲһˣ˵ܾϼˡ
ڳĬֵ»ΪԼóȻǰѯð˶Է»Щ㷲
ⲻ֪֯ǵĽڶԷ̲סڵǸ֮ǰظ
޲㣬Щˮ֮УʵԲĳ棬֮ˣǳ룬˻˱˺
ΪʵǲýϸʲôϾԼҲѧģҲֱֻ̫ܴܽؽ֮ڡ桱Ķ
ҲѾΧ˵һ췹ʿˮ峺ĺˮʵǺоȻԼĳӣĺ£ǳҪԼĶȥ
ҨˮĶһӶͣסˣЩʣͣŶŹʦ˵
ٴοڣ̫ǣֻ轫ˮտڣ㹻¶ȱɱеĳ棬ʧ
ȻҲ֪ϸɱ֮ʵûʧֻʧӰѣرϾóܲ˵ɱ֮ʬ廹ˮɡ
Ȼ⻰֮ΧҲôĵֵɫҲһ죬ԼȻʲôһʵ
ʱϷҽũɸʹ鲻˹֪ǷҲʳˮۡ
ĽЩ£ĲҽҲ֪˵ֵʲô
Һ̫ҽ˵˼仰˵Ҳ໼ˮף֫ϸʯ໽֮Ϊǲ
˵䣬ΧҽʦʿǰϸȴΣֻֽܷţš
⻰һЩСھʿԵЩ죬ϾǻδŹĲ״
ǼλƫԶСһЩʶҽʦ˵ͷȷʵҲĲˡ
ֵ²Ļŷ֪Ĳ
˲Ƶûʲôϵ
˲ӦѪ没֮ǰ˵ˮеĳ沢һ࣬ȷʵҲմȾЩгѵˮѪڼѶѻڲԵ˸ġ
⻰ȸո˵Ǽ仰ˣһЩǿ˶ԼĻ澪ò
ֵͬҲǾ죬ⲡ׹֮Եɲ£ˮЩĳɵģ죬ùʦ˵ƶȥ֤һ˵ˡ
ڣýͻȻڣϸƿʣָĳ򣬡ͳ죬Ǵʲô
ʵҲŵĺЩ΢ߣɫȥָŵǸ
ĽŰ˿ת˻⣬Ѫ没Сʱ򿴹ռ¼ƬĲʵӡ̣ٶĲ֪ˣʾҪ¶ˡ
л˵
ٳ峯ԪġԴۡݲ
ڳҽֿɵġۡ
ۡҹҽѧԴȾһʱԿָٴҪʷʵ塣
۹Ѫ没ŴԴʵûȷ֪ƶûͳһиֳƺ͡ƶ͡ʯˮˮȵȣ֪ȷĳֲǽҽڲڷ˳ɳ棬ʽȷϡ


17 
ȻżһǸλǱߵĲݴһΣӰ˲ܿ
ȻûܶԶܿͱڵأһСЩĻǵֽסġ
忴ŵһ˵ıϣʮؽԷ˫ֱȫԷݺĿĵӣ̲סЦˡ
ԴСӣܵͦ찡
ѾͽˣǼҵļѵһǺϸģȫΪԷͻСͶӿݣˣȻֻѧϰһʱ䣬Ǻ㹻Ҳһͬǰȥݡ
ҲǣԵֵӼʲô¶ҵһǰΪֹ
ϾǿɲȦģɱܻȻĻͲˡ
ԣʼǶ˵
ǰǱϻۣϵ·Ҳ־ɵˣȻòǴϿԻͲˡ
һ˹ڵϵͷĬţڣһ˼ôΧ㰵ãӲˡ
һתһſڵϿ޺еøɱһʮλүǼģֻ·Ѱ˻ʩԵģҵ»иĵܵܣûԶͿ˰
֣ľһԼǴߵļǱģ޲ſֺúϴϴʲôණһ
˵ԼϾһԵĲݴﱻס˵ģܵҸ˵Լǿ̽ļһ˵żһĵģһǹԶԶġ
ΧһȦ˶ˣȻ֣һ߿޺һĹ۲죬ȴЩȫû˺Ķиϱҩͷӣ۾Ҫ߹
ˣ
̫ҽǰ׷ʵϾݲԶҲܲôԶ
ǣǡ֣ͷ֪Ϊʲôô
ݳΣɼȾߵˣЩʲô֢״ڴùʲôҩ
̫ҽһҵ֣е£ͷЩʲôѲɻҪݲɣǻ̫ˡ
ţ֣ģЦŻظҵǲֻ˵˺öˣš
òģǼòģ˺ôһ飬·ϿѪ͵ڵˡ
򣿲ҩͷûҩˣҲ֪ȥĶˣܶڼɡ
ӰżˣʱŶҳȥš
֣ЩΧıʿݷ·һˡ
̫ҽûô࣬׷֣Щò˾Ǹʲô˲ûбҲУѪѪôһΣ
һϸ׷֣ͷˣĶǵô˲࣬˭ǵĶë˼Ѫ
첲£Ҳ׿顣Ѫˡ
ԱһֱûڵһˣͻȻһֵ£͵ؿڻص
̫ҽԱ߻һˣڷſ׷֣ߵһǱеѯš
ɵͷظֵµ׷ʡ
ʿ׷֣֣˵ֵܸĸŵܵסһȥѰЩ򵥵ĻƼı
ηַ߲֮󣬳Ļ̻̣ҲЩϢʮͨһ˳ˣһִŸܵɽȥһЩݸȥˡ
СҲϲЩˣټϻ׵ĵܵܣû߶ԶҲǶʵڲˣ̣ЩԵġ
һ֮󣬼ʵʲʲôˣҲǸСҲֲʲô潪Ƿ׼˷ˡ
ޡڣϴ֣ע⵽ûʵΧŽᣬȥ߸ߴģԼŵһ󵭵ζ
²²⣬϶ĸУҲ֪ǲǻͷӾȻҪݷȥ
ǱأȺ˾Ȼһ㶼µ
էһŮ̲סһ㶣϶ļҹСɣ
֣һͬ⿪ֽŵӣΧ˵ǿˣת׼ˡ
ЩͻȻסǣ֣һʱû֮ģȻϵǵŮڡ
Щ߰ɣֶ鵽ݣڳŸʩࡣ
ݼͻôСϹҲûʳˣ߲ȥ·ˣ֪ʩϢҲΪпڷԣֻĺأҲһĻ
֣ŵݵһӲӲĸӣԼһˮңЩ
֣ǳ͢Ĵ٣˷ʳ
е㲻ţϾЩٻ˵Ĺ̫ˣݳصȻ˸ҽȥ
룬֣ʶ¶Цķл֣ĵֹ뿪ˡ
һλͷЩӰ֣֮űŻĸ֣Ŀʼһͱһ
ܿ죬ǾߵһլССһЩϱڲԫ档
ҲһĿտĴǻҳҪ֣ߵǽǴõµһשѹӿ˵ң磬ҺСĻˡ
˼Ϣԭĵ²ŷЩ΢죬ǿשӵж¶ë׵Դ
磬
磬ǲгԵˡ
̧ͷȷ϶Էֿ֮ٵ˻ȥ֣֣˵ضֽǿ˻ȥ
´ǰڳĵؽѣͨ磬ǽǻŲ֪˶õһյѾڵ͵ƣǿãڰΡΡģϸϸССһڷжӣһˡ
ʹô΢һյƣڰĵؽҲɢǵĿֻţǲô¡
ƾ͵Ƶ΢â֣ǰͷȥʱˣЩ겻СëͷССֻ۾ôģޱڴؿ
ԣ˳ԵģǷһ֡
ӿڴóһӲıؽֳ߷ݣ˽ӹ֮òˣҲǶ˵ȴСĵúܣԼֵһһСһСڵس޲һСܳԵȥ
֣Ҳһڿˮȴûϳȥűߵ͵Ʊһõ̾͵ĵطӲ鿴һС
ǰȷʵ˵ˣԼ֣Ŀɲֵܣ⼸СȫһͷŵģֻͷãˣǼƲȫˡ
ԭʮҲֻʣ⼸ˣԼûʲôҪܵܣиãͷûСãҲˡ


18 
֣һСӣˮҵˮˣ֮󣬲СĵιСŮ
ͷ΢Ծȥ֮ι˼ˮȥſǽԭ£ʼԼһݱӡ
ܺóԣɸɵİӲеɤӣָϾ·ϳԵģָܱﲻҪģʵ˵Ѿѵõʳˡ
Ҳԭֻ͵͵ڶ棬ҹϢɵʱ͵͵ûлԵĻ
ϾǶǸͷѧЩԵļܣϻģó˽̸Էע⣬û͵Ǯ֣ȴϹõģСע⡣
ԭԶԶȥΪ⳵ֻѰ̶ӣһ͵ʳȴûϵûöͱӰرǸ۾ģͲ࣬
֣Ծͷоڵ϶ײһֵģûԼָˣǲÿ
СҲ˹˿̫ϤãЩǣ磬ʮǲѲ˰
ͷûʲôĻСգҲȡʲô֣Ͱ˳һȥռûõСʮȻҲ˵ͷֻôʮӡ
ʵи࣬Ҳֲ࣬ҪͷռģͷȲ֣ȹʱס˲ȡ֡
СŮȻҲͷǰЩӲ֪ģǸЩӵģϽֵĲһȥװ׾ģҲûʲôӣһЩúŵС㡣
ֻǲ֪ΪʲôͷˣϻԲǺܺľ£ʱŸȣͷǸһյҩֹţܻܲԼ컯
СͦȥˣͷҲûϾһǴ˼ҵС㣬˵þǱ˷͵ģͷȥѰʶȥ̽Ϣֻϧ۶˵ݳûĻ˼ж˺ӡ
ͷʱûøôߣͷҲУӺͷ
ŵҪһ͵ֻ࣬ʣ֣ģмС㣬֪ôСҲߣϾʵ̫ˣβǸ˵ģǰһ컹ȥûɶëģڶ͹˰˹ס
һȺС˳ǣ⴦ǰֵƫƧլӵµĵؽ֣ĵǾúܣڳչͷû취Ҳͷȥˡ
ҽҩ̫ˣȴӰֻÿԼﵽԺ͵һҩԼϵͭȫҩ̨ˡ
Ȼ͵ͷһֱǣҽʦǲ͵ģû׼˲ҴһԼ͵ģǿǵùˣֻǽʵûˡ
ϧҩ˻ûڣͷˣûǮͷľˣںͷ˸Ӱͷˣ뿪
֣һȥǣϾǻʶݲԶǴ϶ﷱˣƾǵϹҲǿάʱٿܲʹǮҸȵ
ֻ⼸СʵǲðţǱۣ·˵ﶼˡ
ǼϤСˣûõСŮ鷳ͷҲţ˵ĸ˼Ҷ˵СҪ˻ܵһͽ
ֻݶˣĶйҼأ˵Ҳһ죬͸鷳ˡ
ǿ֣뷨СŮ֮ǰյǰϣܰԼҸĸ磬̶ժԼϵɫ
Ǵ˵ؾ񾭳ΪСϵģرǰƽʱϴССС϶ôһϡ档
ҲΪԭ˷ӽϵʲôȫժʣһͲֵǮ
ǸǵԼȫֻ֪ԼСŮ˵Ĳмɽߡ
֣Ĳ¶ĽҲһϣʱȥΪһҲˣоȻ˽˵ǾĹء
ϧСã⵱ͷ˲յͨģʼ˵֣ţҸʳˮֻľҲҩģͿԼܲͦȥˡ
ʵڲУҲû취ˣʱˣûлܴ˵Ϣø֪䣬Ǩؼȥ
֪ү벻ȥɡ֣ҡҡͷԥ˻ỹһСԱߡ
ﻹţܵóԵ߰ɣɱɶˡ
磬ˮ
һڳĬŵ֣ĽԼıӳ꣬ʵǿʵúܣǸˮҺһڣȻΪط죬ϸζһζ
ġ
һŵļС⻰һ۾ƽûʲôܳζżһǣ޲÷Ÿʮ£һڡ
ʲôģ
Ҳ
Цּ䣬˽ˮҵݵ֣ǰҲͷһڣȷʵģȻżСεĿ⣬ֽˮҵݹȥÿ˶
ۣζ㡣
ˮúúȡ
ѲɹǺȵˮȫǿ
СߴߴţǴ֣˵Ǹ·ģҪȥݵĹ͵ЩʳȻҲΪЩʳǹÿյĳʳء
֣֣ĶһۣҲ벻Ϊʲôֻ̫Щɣܲ˷Щƭǡ
磬ǽҪĶȥ֣ĵʵ
֣ԭȻǼƻȥǵģһĽߣҲе㱾ǮҲĳӪܻ
ֻΪѵĻһ·գżСģߣǲ뿪ܵȥģϾ˶ǵ񿴴ġ
ֻⲻʵû취 
ǰһ֣͢ʩǲ˵оˣҲһ·ܵʳȥˣ
֣ģȻԷһûٿڣףĿ϶ҲȥģȻĻҲῪˡ
ãȲȥǱˣȥ⿴˵
ʼͼСĽ֮£֣֣һ򲻰ǵʲôСϾЩʱСӲŸ
˵ǻܴ⼸Сֻǽ˭˵׼أ˵һ̴ҾͷɢˣǶ˽һЩ֪Щܲʲô¡
˵䣬ûע⵽ԭڵݶϣɫͨ컹ЩܵϵպȥɫҲʼû
ʱţڰҹ𽥹ȥ
ڶջ磬һѾԿԶݳˣ˼·Ѿƣ̬һӾ
ݣˡ
л˵


19 
͢־ߵĶ£ȻҲ˴֪ģ֪ڳǰȺԶԶһֻӰȥ֪ͨ˳ĴСԱ
һǰʱڵĹԱѾ룬صȺ
վǰ֪ؿȥʮģų룬ȴһࡣ
һ·֪ݵλϣѾʮˣʳ̸ڣĶǣ˵Ļˮ
һ٣ھǣݾྩҲԶɲǵƫԶݸִһʥϿıְ
ԭֻϲҪʲô£ʱ֪֮ʥϻؾǣ˵࣬ܰȵø㹻ˡ
ǣ˭뵽ԼٹñҪӶдˣֽҪͷȻߣһɢô죬ٸӦ
ʵǾԼ̫ȻҲҪͨݵǸ񿵣֪ԼµģȻ˵죬ôϢԼݸôѣǿɶ
˹ʦĻǰϢȻҲ֪ģǰЩʱͻȻʦϢѾķµӣƺƫԶҲǰȥ֪ʵǿشˡ
֪ݵǽŽɣϾݵشϢȻҲͨúܣһȥѯ˻ھѣõ֮ȻҲǴһ
һ𣬸Ҳ˲ٺУ˲ٷ𾭷ǰ쳡ʵδš
ô˴ζԷһͬǰݵʱɻȴԾȼһڴ֮顣
ϾǶԷֹߣݣ϶ԷȻҲйԭȴʧְҲתء
ڹԱڳŴһӣ֪ȹŶԷһ񣬺ͷԱ״ȻҲһͬ
Ļӡ
֪뾩ְ֮ʱȻǼλӵģλĻһڸвߣһԺã˶Էʲôˡ
λض񡣡
Ļӿȥһǿװ򶨵ӣԼǰ¶ӣ⸱ȥе죬ȻϤ֮˱֪⸱ѧ̫̬
ֻѧȴû̫֮УԾЩɬ
ûм˵ǲȴһϵվڳſЩȻҲ֪λʦˣֻǲ֪Ǻηʥܵñ˿ء
ϢλòڵŮֿ˽εڳ£Ȼ֣ڳԵ̽ӣ̶
ֻǰǵһҰˣǰ֮˵òľС֮˼ʶΪΪ׳󳡾ʱԴص
Ǹ˿֮⣬ֻǰ֮˲ܼõģֱӵþˣֱһ㣬ɵüʶƿߡ
֪ǰһȴ̧ͷԷжʮ־н
ʦˡ
γѰ㣬׷ǰһһֻĿⲻƮÿ˶ͷŽ¡
һģǰЩףǻӦˡ
ЩҲŭϲ֮⣬Ŀ˸еģϸˡ
Ļؿ׼֪֮ݱ㽫ӭ˳ڣ˵Ϊ׼˾סլۡԼƲˣֻΪҽӷϴ
ݿǰΪӭǣɨĽֵȥʮֻǿģʲô⡣
ɻʻţƺ˶ϡٵļ˴ҴȥһۣƺһڵϵĺӰ֪˰ɣ׷ǵӰȥƺ֪ȥ
һ֮
ϣΪӭղԱͷβɨøɸɾûаۣչҫ£Ծ̫ƽʢһϣںڰȥ

ݲûгϯӷ磬ȴҲûˣǸһ·ԶУվˣЪһЪһҲãտʼҪûпˡ
˳Ա֮ǲ˺ͳ˼ȥ鿴̫ҽʳвľ
ӱصĴе֪ಡ˸ȣԣԭΪǺ˷纮ȻǾҸżһ׸¡𣬼̶Ѫձ
ݲü֮ǰ֪߾ʲôϾŴߵ֪ģеԴȾͳΪߡ
ʵϣŴбߡ컨СҵȸִȾ
֮ǰСݳڻ֮˵Ѿ²ˣڴĻ֤뷨
Ȼߡ
ΪഫȾߵĴٶȼ죬ҽˮƽµĹŴʸǼߣصİѪߵĲԴﵽٷ֮١
ݴ˵֢״Ӧûûôصĳ̶ȣӦгΪߡ
˴δߣ׷Դͷ𣿡
Ŀ̫ҽĵɵü߾ǿ˵óɣҵóԭ
ʦҲֻǲ²ؼһȥΪζӺζΪʧȴö֪
֪
ݿһۣȴȻ֪ʶģʵЩпȻĹŴȴһ֪֮̽ģ˵ͻǧţԺĽ̿ء
ȷʵˣͷҲԸ˵Ϊ"߲ϴ˲˳໼󣬻鶣ҧಡ󣬼̶ҧˣʹ˻ߡ"
ûһʼߣʶΪֱӴ˵ĲһදﲢֱӴȾߣ౻Я߾鶣ҧŻ
̫ʵûóԣòԵŻȾʱ߲ǲ˴˵ġ
Ȼչڣɢ˷βչ˷ߣôͨȾʹǽ̸ҲȾ߲
˹˵֮дߣҲһġÿ꺵֣ĴӻıҲͬû˳ԵģȻҲ뵽۾ӵĵطѰʳڻŲʳ£Ҳԣʵ׳Ϊߵ´
Ҹɺʱڣȱˮ޷֤ټ֮Ĵɢ߲ɢ
ýݵĽ̫֮ҽǻȻһһԵͽܵԴǵôֽʼһ˵ĻΪԵģ
ʱ̽Ҳˣھ֮ͬǰ²ŴûгϵķʶûʲôЧķδʩ
ϾŴеĻҽݺҩԼĴִ߽ηУ˲˻ѡڼŻҽβ
Ȼص£ҽݴˣʵղ˶Ĳˣһ߻Σա
л˵
ʵоͦİǴӦͦϤģߵδһξʮŷ֮һ˿ĺ
ȻôأҲΪ֪ģ͵Ļǳ֮⣬ûȷʶ
Ϊϴ裬Ѫ±ʯԼԱȾߣж϶è꣬ɱ˺ܶèںŰʱʶǶﴫȾɱ˺ܶèȱУ͸Ӳ
֮һϵвʹúɢø㡣
ھС˵￴ĴߵҽҲʱֵģȻЧ󣬵һֱڡ


20 
ϾǹŴҽˮƽλû㹻ҽʦҩִģߣʲôЧʩ
ڵ֮ҪߵɢУЩûлͨˣԼӻЩȾ֮˷ʱ䡣
֪оˮˮʱ򣬵ͷ΢ȻѸϵͳ幺˼ʮƿҩˮ⵹Ƿˡ
һ費ģ赭дһ̧䣬Щҩˮ˲һԵϡ
ȻŴ֮˵㽫Щڳˮ
ţҩˮĴڣȻĻֻǿִһЩʶԽʣЩҽʦҪһЩġ
ȻҲ˱˿ԳֵɴϾ޷ȫȾգӴʮΣյġ
ټвѾܶˣҩˮĴھͿʹٶ񻯣Ҳӡ
ھˮҲ࣬ðҰˣɻη壬Ҳܲܲˮɡ
֮Щ˴ϡ硱˵֮ɨֵò˵£ܵøЩƵʱǡ
̽Ϣ̴Ҳǵһ˽ؿǰ񼣣ʦϴƮ£һȴܱô͸ˮƿװŵˮ档
Ӧ£ȴ֣һСľͽЩˮˣѰ˺Сؽ֮װ˽ȥŸˡ
Ȼͬŷֱ£ǰиˮͬŷֵˮҲһķӦˤˣϾû͸ˮƿͨ͸Ȼûһ˿ʡ
ȷʵǶɼþߵģõȻҲǲͬ죬ֻ׾ͽԼУʵЩ̿֡
Щƽ￴ȥֵĸߴӣһСĵؽƿӴڻ뻹Ǿõģַ䵹СӣòӲ֮ŷ˽ȥ
Ȼ緢ش˷ֱȥˮʦ˼Ҫ˶ˮȻҪúһý˶֪С
ܿݳѾţ·Ҳϡٵĸ·ϣ˺Щµĸߴӣһȥɷʮ㣬˲ҿ
ߵò죬һ߻һ߳Χţ͢µľֶѾˣһйʦС
ʦ˵жţϾ뾩ǱȽϽʹŴϢٶȲ죬ЩʱҲѾ㹻˴̶ӻھǵ˿ЩϢˡ
ЩԹ˼ͱĿȫˣЩ˵˵ɺж̾ʵ£̧׵˪˷ҵĺɣȻʮյ꣬Ž⺵֡
Ҿλ·ҲҪžиɫ滨ǰݼһʹʱҲҪʢӭˡ
ýϴϢЩһڼﲻҳŵļһŷ촰죬浽˵ʲôǷˡ
滹ڴĻһظԼĻ֪ϵڶѾʳͲҩ˴ˮɷаֺˮ֮㲻صȾߡ
һ˵ǼȾ߲֮ˣҲɺһЩصĻܿǲ֮ˣ֮Ҳӻ顣
⻰ЩһԭûɫЩԼĶ䡣
ѵ·Ĳ
Щ˺޲۾úЩˣǲƭǡ
ߵĻǿȻһ˵ĽֵȻܸܵ˫עǵĿ⡣
ͷ֮򶨵óн§ûֵϻӣֽ֮һ㲼ϳˣŽƿó
߾ƿӣ͸ƿŹ⣬ڳЩĿ֮һӺ
Ȼˮҽˮ뾮У֮ȡá
Ȼ󿿽ڣƿеҺ建㵹ȥȻֽƿС˻ȥ˵ţ𶫻崦طʩգͷףǼߣǰȡס
ֻ֪ͨһ֮ʽʼʩȻǰĸ֪ҡ
˵֮ͷ֮˿˿ΧѾ̽Եشţ߹ȴǿȥʵ׵úܣһֱʿ֮ˣҿ
Щϰ˺µĳѾɣԥش뿪ˡ
Щһȥʮ͵Щвɵü˿Ƚյźĸס
ЩǧûסԼĸ׵߲˺üҩȴһöûУֻŸڴϲסؿԣȳѪȴһ취ûС
̫ԼĳһԼĸ׾ͻΧҵĲͻȻ徣ӴҲۡ
˼ˮԶЩɷ֮󣬱ˮͰˮִ֮Ͱȥˡ
УҨһˮҪţǱԼסҪԼһˮ֮󣬲ˮȥ
˼˳֮ҲһðͷԼҵľͰյߴˮ
ĳݳиţдССĹԱȻҲϢæȡˮüгȫȺһ룬ɫ䵹Ƕλʦ˼֡
Ͼûʵ˴ĵˮɱߣȻ㹻ģβϲء
ϾȻǹԱȴЩһ¼۾ˣԼˣǿְɴñ˲˵ҪǱס˹Сѱ
оʵڼѣаһò£ôˣҲѣľһСԼҲУǿɾֱûˡ
ִ͢ϢǶ˶ǵģԮϵĵҲжŵҲһ
ҽջλʦµˮ˲ٵȾߣʵǳһҲװˡ
ܱסͺá

һߣݵѾʼ׼ʩˣֲ˱ع֡
Ǵʳ㣬ǱϾ˿ڶ࣬ЩʳҪúù滮ȻĻ̫ױˡ
Ȼ֮⣬ȻҲҪֵʳУȻǻɵط޽ֱ֣֮Ϊƽ֡
ƽһ˵Ҫľ۵ģʱʳΪˣԸг۵ļ۸ʳȼũʳǸʱԵг۵ļ۸ۣʳ۸ǣֹķǸ
ִ֮꣬ԭǰЩӾãʵѾԵͼߺУˣ¾ֱֻӽʳóȼðˡ
йԱȻҲл︺ֿⴢ漰֮µĲֲУбϵĲӣȥ֣һһʵ
ϾʳֻǱˮнЩʳǴͷڻĸ


21 
ذ˲һ鿴ʵųڵĿ󻹸ʷһʷ㶼࣬Цӣǰ·ĹԱЦɫЩš
ϾƹǮǰλֲУѾƹܻһ˾ǴƷԼǰ;ȻҪӦԲǡ
һ鿴֮ضǷֿĿҲ֮С
㻽ȡ˲ֿеʳԼֽʹЩֵʳÿһ֧ҲüǵУǿˡ
ϾĲƽƽȴѧλϴʶҲ֪츳ǮʮУɳƵǹĿо˶֮ҪȥʮϽ棬Ϊ⣬һ·Яλϡ
һߣʩô̵ʱѾ崦λãҲ֧
ڰ࣬ʮ˷ֱڸ򴦣ĵظ֪ʩϢԼ֪ͨ˴ùưԼ״ʱ࣬ᰴռͷÿһڣһջһһȷϣлѱжߣǼ˻ѱߣɶһʳ
̣Щų׷ȻһϲȻʳ죬ǿ̫ˣԭǻٳȥǼʳҲ˵ףûòȶˡ
ɺã͢ˣҲصĻˡ
һæżлж˿ڣ϶룬ŲӳţŸո˵崦صһȥˡ
Ǳܿԭȥ˵ĳǳأһӻһ㣬Ҽһ϶ŮһѶһȥϲľı飬ӯϣ
ʱﱻŵò̫˵ЩƤӣ⸱ҲչЦա

ȴԼϵʵЩϾֻ˼ˣ̫Щ
ţͻȻǰʵۻһּ⣬Եطפɲõǵʱ
ԭֻ˴ּǰȥãȴ֮һֱûʲôĻš
ȻɻǸڸм͵Сӣȴᶨؿڣ˵йʦΪʹΪʹΪǲǣ˵פܹЩ飬Ҵּǰȥǲɡ
Ȼݱ֪˴˵פܹԭĻӰС壬ǵطפܹܣ
û¶κȴаţĻӵҲûκĻǸб佫ңϵҲӡ
ⲢʲôʮҪ£Է񲻱صȾ߲ǰȥҲ޷ͷӦ£ŶԷֽʰö̴뿪ˡ
ȻԸ˵µҪѰ㹻Ժӻլɨ֮ҽԺðЩȫһس̶ȷֱúòС
ĻȴЩ̫ð죬ϾȷʵھʵҲ࣬ؼҲߵúܣ˵񾩳ǰȴҲûб˶٣סˡ
ȴѣϾһ⣬ˣЩ˼ؼȫһʬǵ˶û¡
ܿҵʵĵص㣬Ķ󣬳һ̵õϢϽԼڼסլӶ˳
ȷĵص֮󣬽ݱ˽ЩطϸɨɾҪĻǲܲɹýЩóʲôĶˡ
ȻóǣڸѬһ죬ϾŴûЩҴ߹ˮ֮ĶһȦŷö
֪ǿըҩ֮ǰһǷʿǿҩĿҩƷѰҩͿҵ
֮⣬һ˾;ǿڻգʱĻѾʹǷͶ뻨ƿУӳڣһʶǿ档
ңδҩҲһǡ
⣬еҽʦҲóԼĲٱ裬ۻơɰƻƵʮζҩģƳԼӴСҹڻǰ֮ͬҲ档
ڽݵĶ£Щĵط氲˲ٴ̱죬ϴ֮֮±ɹſɰȥ֮ͬˡ

ЩѾ˴˴ȺţһάΰĻǣɴɵļ׿֣ɵعš
ͬҲǽݵҪȻδ󲿷˺ҩˮ֮󲻱صĸȾ⣬Ҳֻˣǻǵ֪ע⴫Ⱦϰһײźá
ϾԶһﱬߣûЩҩˮĸʶܽһЩȾʵġ
ԭۼڴ˵صҲụ̂ȥЩηһŶһȺʩࡣ
֮һ߱űʵСǽͰ͵ظ֪Լգ񼸿ˣȻСڲдϼʣȻ˵ĳĳĳ˼жƣվŵĸ֮󣬱ųӳƺֺõ׵Դ
Χֲ˲ŭĿԲȥɷıʿάΰЩ
СҲվһλӲߵˣȥͦͣЦеضһǰڣ˼⸱˵ӣԭЩʿסЩ㷲Ҳ΢Щ
Ȼ˳վŵıʿ˵˾ʲôǸߴʿ粽ǰһ׼ڣͷļһץ˳ŶӵһӴסˣ֪ǰʲô¡
ʿһȣ˲˼£֮ǰףٰģڶ 浱ʮ¡
Ȼѹܵļһ˶Էĸڴ֮ͥºݺݴʮˮֱԷÿ޵Ž
һԿŵǰŵòҿڣһЩЩ˵åк״ҲЪԼС˼
ǸЦеСҲʱ˵ھûʲôı£óʶˣһˣʲôģҿɶϵá
˼ؿŶͷļˣȻºͣ˻в֮⣬ͷŶӵļţҲ뿪ˡ
վȺͷһĻ֣֣ģ״ҲɵðԸʩ෢ֶѹҵˣԿóȷʵֵģǵȷ֮
Ŵðİſﴫ㣬ʵЩ֣ĵĶӶѾˣһ֣ûпڡ
֣ȴѾ˼һֻͨմϢ¶˾ġ
ãǶǻسǣȻȥ
ݻоˣҲñ磬ܵôԶĻʳȥˣǻһСأܲڻȥ
л˵
ٹǸŷ޵ġĵǡдСھߣ֮ѰѨ֮ԣСף˳شν֮Դĩ֮ʢҽ֮Ҳ
ʵŴҲɱʶ
˼㡶ǧҪͼأ̫߱ɢۻơƻơǡʯɣòһ磬ͥУߡɱҩۻơɰƻƵʮζΪ赯Ӵҹڻǰ֮⻹бɱ衢ͷɱȵȡ
̫ɢЩɱʲôĺˣоʺϳ


22 
ݳĳͨһӶһվڷ⣬ʵģ㣬ûкЩ
Ĵŵݣɫ԰ףȴޱȣʹۣԭһСطǶѾȥѲˡ
֮ǰЩʱϷȣͷҲģһҲûУżŻµҲѾ࣬ȷʵ֮ǰǰˣʧȥҲʼ𽥻ָˡ
ӣ˷š
վŵϲؿŵĵܵܣǰ֮ȻǱ֮ǰǸӺöˡ
֮ǰʶԼߣ㵱ϽԼؽ˷ٳŽӴˣ¹磬һֱöԷ뿪Ҫˡ
ĸʣֵֻΪʱϹ˽ӣʶЩֵģʷСҲѧϰһЩ˻ĻƣҲȥ
ԭ˻úЩǮϾҲˣҲ࿴࿴ˣȴû뵽ƽһӱˣԾ˵ٶһϯǳء
ΧԽԽصҲʰö뿪ˣȴû뵽Ҫͷȴˡ
һ֪ԼȲø罡׳ԼȾߵҲǺܾȣֻǸ̾Լʱ˲ãҪɥȪˡ
ֻǷŲԼĸ磬Ȼ纩۲ױƭˣϿɾǹ¼ҹˣһˡ
䣬ֻܰ̾һʱҲҲˡ
ؽԼڷһȰŴȥҪˣͣʱԽȾߵķվԽ
ȴǲģ찾ҩ˵ǰ˵ǲȣԼҪƿֱӴȥˡ
գų͢鵽ϢԼӴЩʲôʦʲôˮ֮Ļ˳ҲȥͰˮԼȷûʲô֮󣬱Ŵ뵽ǰҪҲڡ
ЩʱһֱԼķǿҩζģʶҲʱʱޣżڸпԼȻš
û˵£øĵ˵ţԼͷԻҲû̫ףֻΪʲôҡײƭЩˮƭӡ
ʵ޼ƿʩֻݷ𣬼ϣ翵飬˲űˮƭˡ
ƽ϶ҪúøһҪЩƭˣ֮ǰҪԼǣֻҪǮʮа˾Ǹƭӡ
ֻҲܿڳ𣬱ϾѾ޼ƿʩˣǺˮϾҲܸˡ
ȴûϵڶգоԼϵĲ˴룬ͷҲôˣµ׿Ҳˡ
ʱţΪвŻֳȻôõô졣
ڿ˷ţǰĴ룬һѱס޵ӣſȷǰĳȷʵʵġ
ˣ磬Ѿָˣƿ˴磬˵
ģĺˣ򿵲סشǰСܣ⸱ָ˾ӣһ¶Цģˡ
û뵽ˮЧǹʦţҿǵøλλչС򿵿ȥ޲һʦĸģ
ָ˾ȻλޱȵĹʦŨȤ磬ڴЩʱգ˽£˵˵λʦɡ
Ȼ̵ظܵܽĴԣԼҲõǰ߳Ա
ĳҲ˼֢Ĳڶʱ˴룬ʹǳ̶ȽصˣϵĲҲЩ벻ڼڱˡ
ԭҼҰݿľҲתˣǸģ𽥻ָ

һߣطפ˴Զݲñ֪Ļ˳ּһǧϢȻ˷ݸڣֻ
ڳǣΪľԷɢϵҲ˹ȥ˽Ը˲ˡ
⼸ճʩϢ˸ȫ£һҲ˸ڹؿУ󲿷ڶ
ڰò˵ĲҲܿɨˣʼβˣϢ̱˽ԼҵȾߵĲ˴
βҲǿ벡֮ǰҪɾ壬ȷϲ֮ĳӣҽǻۻɢϸۣˮУҾΪϴһ飬˲ſò˽벡
ݻЩ׵ĵܣᰤҰ鿴ˣ֢֢ȫ̧ֱ뿪س̶ȾΡ
֮ϵֽ˷ֲֳ࣬ͬĲţְֹܸ
鲿ѲӳΰʵڻģҪɱʿɡ
ҽ̫ҽҽʦɣо˴ߣҩоҩԵġϾϿûùЧҩЩֶҲֻǽʶѣξλҪĴǡ
ﲿɱؼҽԼһЩǰһЩҽѧ֪ʶͨ˹ɣ鲡¼֢״ġ
벿󲿷Ǳļ׳Լˣ̧ŵȥǷв֮ȥͳһ룬չ˲ˡ
ҪȷɾûóϣһҪҽȫǴɨ˼ҶúúôɨóȫɨЩȫ
ҩϲԶ׼˴δļʮҩոٷֺҩһҩҩ
Ჿˣ˴ȥĲʬ壬ϾЩʬкܴһؤ񣬻Ǽ׾ûΪʬǵˡ
ݴ˿ʼæת֪µȫ޶ȥһͬȥɻ⻹˲ˣṩͣйǮ㹻ˣŹá
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ԺֵҲܼһЩʿĴѲţ˳ô˻»͵һ˵صʲôʱˣֱӵƽϢʱ
̫ҽԺϴȻҲڸ鿴βϾ˵ʵǸѵõĺûᣬûߣʹˣҲûôĵֱӽȫһ鿴飬һСģԼϹͷɾҪһغˡ
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УǲܰҶӴߣǸؿڣɫ䱸
ǸعѶĹѸֻһչԼĶӣȴûԼĶôˣȾʱߣŶݵģ޲֮ȴʵûа취
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ھݻΪʱɽϣԶԶؼٱоʲˣֱӴɽ·ˣ˴Ϣ׼¾ͻش壬ȴ֪ԼϼҸȥ˶ˣźµֱӴͨˡ
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⼸һؿͨͨûʲôļһа壬Ƥӿǽ϶ǽߵġ
𵽳иͲˣȻǷ˲ͬСģҹǮҲһģɵĶĶ齱Ȼߣһӻء
ҲЦƵع˹֣Ϲѡ

լȻֻҪõȥִоͺãǽݻǸоЩƣȻⲢ壬Ҳеƣۡ
ŽʱᲿ˽ǰͨ˵ǵ©԰ҲĹأѾ޴԰ʬˣδòźá
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©԰Ϊһس, ʵɵ󣬱ϾÿݱЩȥȴʬ岢, Ѱʱ򸺺ɵҲûôء
ֻǽʱͬ, ⳡݳȥʮ֮һ˿, ֮ǰһûʱ, Ķ߼ܿĳ˼ҹ˰ᦣ;·
Ϊȥ̫, ľҹϹ, ȻӦӲϾ, Щ˼Һ򲻵ײģֻܴҴᡣ
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ʵû취֪ݱ˰취ļɮˣҴӦʬ200һΪ
ΪĶǷŸɮ˵ֻ֤ӵж뺲ǺϷɮˣҿ˰ۣǳ͢Ϊϸɮһ˵Ǻѻȡġ
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Ϊһ뺣֪ݺܿɮˣЩʬ壬ֻǵ˺ʵ޴ãҲû㹻Ĺ餣ֻ֮ܽݲݶѷڳ⡣
ʵû취ˣôʬûеطɰãҲûᣬѷһɸȾϸΪ˿ⳡߣȷʵӦ̽ش⡣
뵽ִĻᣬֻȷĽ̶ܳΣҲͰʬȫˣпܻἤߡ
ϾӡŴӦöͬΪĹҲšعĻΪǶ˵ĻТ˳Ӧڳ
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Ա˵ʻûзŭֻؾòûᣬΪ˴ТҲһ̧˹ˣչ˵Ϊֻз¼ĹŻʬһ̷أ
һТȻΥͣΪТӦȻҪ˷ǡ
һ⣬Щԥˣ֪òüԼ뷨лᡣ
ȻΪִˣȻҪȹŴȽģҲߺеʱ򣬻õѡ̶ȵı߸ɢ޷Ƶĵز
ܽԼĹǿϣΪʹµȷĹǽҪʱ䣬ҲһѶȡ
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Ȼûһͬеġ
ֻǴе˿е֪ϼҽ÷⣬ˮϯϼҵЩھӶסؿǸТӡ
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ȷʵ˽˼ҵ᷽ʽҲ˵һ

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õ˴Ϣ˵ǻ߲֮ȥϵ߲ȴû֮ȥȻڣֻУȫ߲һСģٴߡ
˵߲ȥ֮ˣϴߣ˻𣬼ʹҲܵӰ죬ת֮ʼزۡ
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̲סڵ˴񣬵Ƚ뿪ŸҲžηޱȵı顣
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ãҽһᡣ
֣ܿˣһԵ֣Щԥؿڵ⼸Ҳ˵㹤ǮȥѸϰɡ
֣ͷƽﴩѶͦɵģʱϴǼҲǴˣҲѾõˡ
֣ȻҲеۣҲʾԼҲһǮ͵ͷУϣ±㹻Ѵɡ
һԵ˺ҲҪڵӣ˰֣ǲżǮԼðɡ
֮󣬼ŴŹǷȥ˯ˡ
ܿ죬õӾѾˣһƬյأܺһѶȼĲЩ˼Ҳ˵Ҫ˳ЩΧ˲ֽֽ˳ڸɮȡ
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ݰĥţǰЧʣҪòܹ㹻Ļֻؼҡ
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ˮ䰴ҲдǸ˴Тһ·ϼٿˡ⻯˳ϣоٻջ"
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ڶԭΪγÿٷչ˿ڼӣز㣬ʱıڡ¼д񾩳⣬޹԰ټơǻ𻯣񣿡
һֱԻᣬΪ֮طʬѧҳãҲ̲ס̾ߣѡ
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رż̸˵:ͬһأĹȾĹõܶ鱦֮󽫹ľǺãֽѶѺáپĹʱֻľ̥һʲô鱦ûУĹʧ֮ŭøͷʬǴ顣
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ȻҲ㹤Ǯģһ˶ȻҲǿȥģǶ߸ִһʣ˵ĻǾһ֮С
һҶ˱γҩҩǷѬŻҹǰǿԵġ
һɨ֮󣬴סЩóҲһߣʱͳһոɾüȾ߲
Ǩ֮Щ˵˵Ҳûʧҵ˲ǰɨˮˮϾˮԴȾҲҪΪӵġ
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Ϊηأ
⣬ȻΪС֪̫ѴֻȽԵ
ȻʮֳϿҵؿڣȴʮֵϾ֪ǰλǸʲôӣ᲻ΪԼһеð
үЩһֵȻΪ֪󣬿ºԸһΪѴ֮ǰȫ򷢻ȥˣ涼ûϡ
ԼһֻˮӰװ׶ˮòҲòʲôôֻҪʦȤֵˡ
û뵽ԼķЧ˵Ч̫ˣʦȻԸԼһ档
ŶΪΣʮƽѴʲô뷨
⣬үЩԥΪСŮĲ
СŮвм޷ߡ
˵һʮص׵ĻӦ
ү֪ȷʵǿˣϾԴŮʼѰ˸ҽ˴Ǯݵ̫ҽȴȻûκγЧ
ʦϾ˽ʲôɵܽŮĲκá
뷨̽Եؿ˿ڡ
ȻȴһֱûļžУүԭڴȥѵŮ
У
ͻȻϷʻȻЩڶԷ⻰ͼʵʵػشˡ
ǣС˱ǳ
ԭֻһʱ棬Ŵϵͳ壬ȴǰ˸ֵȻҲ֮ͣǰԼλ֪ݻҪߡ
̲סò˵ḷ́˼ֺ档
գŮͻɡ
үϾǸˣһ⻰˹ʦͬԼŮˣȻû˵ǷԸΣͬѾˡ
ϲһ񣬡ǣлʦ
֮׼ȥʱʲôڵǵýĶһȥɣʩʩȻ뿪
ĳүȻȣǻǲ棬һ˼ҶԼϡ
ȻǿеϲãŮԺĵظ֪Ϣ
°簲ԼľϣںɻرʳһֵĽģ
ø׵ĻҲ¶һϲõЦãҶ׵ġ
ʵѾϰˣԼ˫ȲٱڴˣЩᷳһˣϾĴ򣬶ûˣϵĴ޽·
ֻǿŸģʵڲľܾ°ţһΰɣԺ󣬾ͲٿЩ򣬳Щҩˡ
? 25 
ڶ, ʱ룬үʹԼŮ˸, һſκ, үȴǰͷඥ˳
Ƕ籽ӵĽԵһۼֿڽӵµһľ塣
Ȼ°˫ľδӽﻺ
βӶԼģͼֽʽ, ֵĽ˴ġ
ãҲϲšбЩ, Ǹż̨ףʮ鷳
Լ볣˲ͬ, ڴעӵĿ, Щ˽ܲԾ, Щǲ, Ц
°ܳһʱ䶼Թ԰ԼϷ·Ϊһġ
ֻǺҲ, ԼѾ˶ҪҸöࡣϾԼʳ, ΪƷű۰ԼӦΪԼѰҽ
֮ͨ, °㲻ô, ̬Ҳսƽ, ѾԼ״Ȱײټҽˡ
ȻÿεĿʱ, Ŀ, ֻĬĬӦ, ȥһһҽʦ
ʦĴǰվߵĸ׳˱һ˰εһ߷̧֣˽ȥ
ţ˽յĻ԰ֽذ˸ʽϹġ
Ƕ˱ڴ˴򣬳үƵҪš
°翴ŸʶĽģǱס飬ûЦһػظš
ãףҲˡ
УУžͺãҪǵùЩʧ˷ִ硣
ø⻰°絹Ƕλʦ˺ġ
궼ڼﵷЩСţ˽λʦȴ˽Լĸס
ڳʱ򣬱ò˵Ľ̽һ˶תƵ˱ׯȥֻʣС˻ڼпҡ
·Ȩǳһˡ
ȴûϵзߣԼٶӿүϱ㽫ׯȫ˽
ؽѱﴢʳ⣬ȫ㹻ظ³ԸСˣصʳ⡣
°绹Ǻܾ常׵ġ
үΪˣڸĸоڸýʱô󵨵ʱҷſֽŶһѣ׸λá
ǵһμ׾ȻֻΪһ֪ܷӦԵ֣㽫Сȫ˳ȥһûͳֱ֣ԭ˻ˡ
λʦʲôأ
ȻǴߵ˿ʦԼЩµģֻǳ°ûۼʹ˴ҲûʲôʵУ˼ֻɡ
¸ǧ鿴öˣ׺ܶ౻Ϊ񼣵£ڱֵġ
ĳ֪Ķһ˹ǰλʦļء
Ȼȴڼصȫͬλʦ䲻ǸҡײƭļһֻǱŻŻƭǮˡ
Ʃ˵Ԥĳ˻Ѫ֣֮˱գŵĻͻǿ֣ӶıǮơ
ɿ۵ʱδǻȴΪԼƵķӡ
˽ｫʦֶԷǸʵʵƭ֮ҲûԼԷøԶ㡣
˳ɹϻλ֮󣬸ǽԼʦһ϶ǹ֮࣬´£ҲСࡣ
֮ʦշ£Ǻ˵˵ǳɿжĥɱ¿öԷ̫ʢвԼҶԷ֪Լأɱ˶Է˷ӡ
˻öԷ˵ݸԼ̧ۣ˾ѡ֮ˣӶӳɿλѪȹֻ̣üķޡ
һλ׷Ĺʦ·ǴʦҪ°ȴЩ΢
˼䣬ǰͻȻЩ̧ͷһһƮ˴Զ
֮УжһУҷȾ
ڻ֮У̺ĸɫʻòҲԵȻʧɫ԰иʽɫҲȲһɫٻӰ
ߵǰ˽Է֮ϵĳ°Ծƿߣ΢졣
үڶݵ̷֮Ӧ˹ŽݹҾԵŮ˰ģŸһ
ʦˡ
ض񣬡ݿһԣڳ°ͣ룬żȻƿˡ
СŮ硣үæԼŮ
ǰĹʦֻ΢΢ͷȴûмڵ˼ʵЩżȴֲҿڴߴ١
ȴϰԵشϵͳ壬Ͼʱ֮ʱʱشϵͳ鿴ԼĻ
ȻǰͲŮӸֵȴЩ֣ǰֵ
һԽϵͣҲͨڸˮ׼ֻмӣһڵֵȴܸߣոĻҪߡ
ô£Ժѯʵ
ϵͳβûлСȸߣԺӦţף㶼ûʧ˺üȥˣθ³¹Ŷ
һĶãһϵͳĻػһʾǰĸŮһͬǰĻ԰
үԼŮ󣬲ϧøֺû԰иɫʻ޲þĲɣЩеޣƺ浱Լֻͻˡ
ݴǳЦ·ĿޣʵںϵͳŶԻʲô¹ܣǸʲôõģ
ҲµˣΪΪһϵеĺӰ죬˻ΪľٶıֵǾı󣬻ֵ
ȷͽݲ²ֵӰ˵δ仯ı䶯
ȥ̫ӵֵֶܷԷֵѾ˱仯֮ǰֻܸͨԸЩֵˡ
ӦãĵۻҪ߰ɡԲ²š
ǰСô˵ԭ켣ܻƽƽعһΪмԵز
ȻԼӰ죬ɹκȣһһҵ
ֻǣڿɻûӦСȣϵͳôȷԼһأԺ￪š
ǰϵͳ۵óܡûСȸģϵͳĻӦԵһһ۵ģΪ
ݺЦһȴûз
ͣ½Ųתų°磬뿴ʲôܸ֮ôߵĹֵ
Ů˱ý֪òÿ˵
ǽݽǰ˳°ǰͷ˵ŵĿȥͺܾɵľΣ⣬ģ
°翴ǰյ˽ľɫģˣֽ֣Ҳ
ǣŮͼֽľġ
ǰ֮˸Ȥ˼˶ָü۵ʹһ仰Ǹ֮Ļ˼Ů˱⾫Щ
̧̧ۣã˳ɡ
л˵
? 26 
ܿ, ̧Ÿľǰ°µļֽؽĶһһóװ
µؿǵĶ, Ǽ˸ֱ, иһעĿ½ŵñֱŵģһԵʦһֱ侲
ǱϾǳ¹ֵµ, һײװѾʮϤˣû, ݾչ˽ǰ
һ޴ľԲεƽڵϣϻΧ, ֮ССĳ, Լ͹ϳɵһ״װãνǶ, ȥʮ־, һϷ̨ӣϷŲٿȥ, ɫż, ż·ĴװţȥʮϣȻɡ
ţһ˼ˮ, ˮ, ˮ߿Щװõ·
һ׼, ȷϳװûκ֮󣬼˱㰲˵һԡ
үŮƵǰ, °Ųͷ, Ž¶һɬЦ
㻽ˮתϷ, ʦҪԣָװòߵһʵ
ݵͷ߹ȥԵӣǸһװϵˮˮųֿʼת֨ѽ֨ѽ
µһ׳ϷŵľżҲʼһֵģеĻĴеĶˣеĥ棬еȥò֣·һСмˣȫһ
һԵ˶ǰľסˣǻδ˸ӵľȥɶ칤˵
ҲǳȤضǰĶʹִƼѾʮַĿˮװòϡ棬ԵĹŴһµװóҲܳƵһˡ
ϸ˻·ǶתӣԼϷľżϸԲͬĶҲΪֹ˵ļе̾ѡ
ЩԼ͹дСԲ̴ССȴָֻ׸ǴСװȴеޱɬ
ɼЩ㹻ƽϣ˵ز
λ¹Ҳе˾ϲ˾Ȼһеҡ
ȻвмڼլǿԼڵͷԣһ׾ɻеʵǸ츳ˡ
Ϊǰ֮˸еϧԲ²ţôһţԭ켣Ȼûʷ˳֮Уĵȥκټ
澫ɾףСʵ˴šڿ޵
°⻰ֱϲʤȴֲñ¶ֻɵʹͷл
ϲŮΪٴһµ͵ϡ
ǰƮ˵Ĺʦ׿ڿԼһŸǼߵ°粻еϲá
ţЩСȻҲᴫȥֻڼšʹ׺ͼ˼Щ޷ԼҲỳǲǿУɿ䣬Թⰲοġ
˵ʹЩСʲôأ
ֲܳԣֲܺȣʱ䣬ҪʵȤúܡ
ǰ֮˵Ŀҫ̹Ȼܣо·Ǵ˭͵Ŀ佱ʵԼûйʦ˵ôá
°ЩգðѾü˵ġˮתϷóģʵ䲻Ϲʦݣȫµģź͸
ˣҾͺϲ
ҡҡͷⶫǶԳ°ĴȤ
ϵͳƲ⵹ǲ¶ˣȷʵһѡ
һԵĳүǵĶԻȻҲǸ˲ѡʦδ񣬵ȴŮСܸȤ
һҲڹʦ¼ӡ
ˣڶԷûӦβ֮£Σܳˡ
үлȣȴóȻڣֻǰһǶ˵ĶԻ
ɻЩĶ
ֻڼиЩڳеߣԼһЩֵСϲŮ㽫Щһ͵
°еؿȥЩȲǵȴſ佱һ
ȴҡҡͷЩ˵ϡ档
ϵĹһӾˣȴһǰ֮˿˵츳ʵѵãԹЩĶ
°ЩãȻ֪ʦ˵ıĶָʲô
ԼֻЩɴʱӰˣҲ¡
дŽˣ˵ĽʱɿġˮתϷȴһʱ֮֮ᷳһߡ
ҲԼǸʲôŻڵˣԼǸЩȴЩ˵ƽ˰ˡ
Ʃ˵ũߣ֯ݿ
ũߣ֯
°Щ󣬻Щ˼ϾںլֻԼԺš
֮иԣҲѰһѧЩ֯գûЩ
ģЩѰ˼ҲܼĶտò
ȻԷ˼Ӧˣǣλȥұ˽ЩЩ
ݵͷǺڴԷܸܲһϲġ
Ͼ°Լ츳Ạ̊́ǳ۰Ůṩ֧֣Լָָ·֮ԿԼĶˡ
̧óһƽԲηźӣݵ°ϣ˵ҩÿͿڻպ󣬱ɼЧ
°绹ûͻݹĶзӦһԵĳүֱϲõÿƲסԼϵı飬Լ¶һŵЦ
үȥֱ̲סԼֽӹлˣվһŮЩӹҩɱˡ
ó°ܿ췴Ӧµݹĺӣл
ʵǲ̫ϾҩκʮĲȣֻǿǰʦĳģ̲סڴΣǲͬĽأ
һԵĳүҲǰлסúûάǰĹʦˡ
ݿӣûʲôУү׸ȷʵǸܻӪ㹻թˡ
ԼĶŮȷǳãӦЩĴҽҲѾˡ
ûȢ֮ҲûŮһһΪԼŮ㣬ʱʵѵá
ݰ˰ʾүټάԼǼСЩԵְˣˡ
̶ǰѹ˵ȷʵиŮʣպǧţҲδɡ
⻰ͣΧֻǾԵֵĻҲʲô֣ϾǿЩԵʲôģЩӲҲ˵˼ĳϻǰԵŴ˶ȫԵ
ȻȴֻгүһǾǧŵĻֱ֮ȵ˵
ԭֻŮƽƽһͺãκȣǾٺòˡ
ȴէȻ֪ԼŮܹĻᣬõλʦĶԣŮĴϢܲ֡
˵֮󣬽ݱȻȥˣֻ´ԭصĳүͳС㡣
°̲ס׵䣬ôˣף
ү˻Դû£С磬Ȼؼңؼ˵
ʱһ򶨣ģȥʱϼ̸ֱһʴ⣬Ӧ˵ǳϳ׸һЦü۵ġ
үֱֿ˻
ϳ¼ҾȻܳպСΪܼһʣҲܲطúҲҵ֡
°̲סй¶ĹŹЦʵЩͷԡ
л˵
١ˮתϷʱڲκΪκ۲܅һɻľżģͣȻΪɣߵĻеˮƽǱϾֻڹͣ߱ʵԣ幹ʧûڡ
ƽڳġ־вûרֻ֮ڡ־紫עˡ
ǡдˮתϷݡ
ϰϷߣܶҲɶ񣿡ԻɶԻɿ񣿡Ի档گ֮Դľ񹹣ʹ֣ƽʩ֮ǱˮɡΪŮľ˻Ĵɽʹľ衢Եԫڣٹ𣬴ĥ仯ٶˡҲ
? 27 
¼ҸŮ뿪, ﵹƽ˼գû˻᲻۵
һʵ¿, ȥ˲, 뿴ڵΣЩҽҽʦԼ̫ҽǶߵоûнչ
δ鷳ǿ·ڱϢ, ֻԱע⵽, ԼڣʶԼĴڡ
һ·Ϲ۲·ߵʱ, ݷȷʵĺõöࡣ
ֵϸɾ, ܼһЩһʽ·ڴɨҲˣҲľǳı, ԵüΪƽ, ЩϻЦ⣬֪Ƿʲô¡
ֱߵļС̿, ׼, ̯ܿ˵Ѿ̯ˣߺк·ˡ
ǳ̵ʱָ˹»Ǹģ
ЩھҲ˼, ȻôվͲߵӰ, ˳, ģȥɥ, ʵ˾塣
һ㵽˲, ǰ, յֵǺͳļ£֮󣬱ʱ׹ؽһӭ˽ȥ
жҩζþòɢ˺ܶ࣬ȥɫҴҵģҽǵһ¼ҽֵ֡
ûͣסԼǰȥô˾ŵ˴ҡ
඼Щ֢״ĲǵֿǿԲҩɢ˿϶ˣˣˡ
һ˵ֻҪ۲߰ңûʲôӦͿԻؼˡ󲿷Ȼ˸߲ҵػؼˣСѾ޼ҿɹ飬¿ԼڲЩʱգѾϤ˴̣Դһͬæ
תұȥסŵȴ֢״ΪصĲʹҩˮÿȥߵĻȥǱҪݵöࡣ
ʹڵѾ֮ǰõö࣬Ҳ½࣬Ǻܶ˻ʮֵģţ֪һȥǲԼ
վڴ̾һʹִᣬҲ޷ļ˵Ȼ޷Խġ
Ϊĵȷʵ˺ܴһ˵ҲõмǼЩúȥˣǻеź
ݺףԼȲˣҲܾˡ
̾ţͻȻӴðСԴȥΪضŽݲţʲô˼һ
ߵģ޳𣿡ǰС￴ȥɫõӣ˹Թɵģѹ˵Ļһ
˵޳ʱ˶٣ǲ̫ǰôƯļһȻǹɣɡ
ȴڽ䴦СĴλҲϲڴϣͷ̽ȥ档
ΧֻΪˣһۣ㽫ƿˡ
ĻЩЦԷǣֲ֪ôشԳĬ
⻹һαΪǹأϡ档
СȴǴĳĬõʲô϶Χ˿վôÿˣȻһ㶯ûУ϶ֻԼܿˡ
ɫ죬ѹͲᣬӵؿ˽һۡ
㣬ܲѽ
Ϊʲôأ
ݱΪôСͣԼΪİ޳֮󣬻Ầ£ἤȴûϵȻԳƵƽķӦ
ΪվǷʮˣԭ˵ʱҪǺúףһ£ǣ
ǵˣҪҲһߵĻǾûһףˣ϶ѹġ
СŮ䲢˵⣬ֻΪǱ˽Զزˣ˵ʱҲֻǾãĸ׻Ϊû˰ףеġ
ǳںͽţܻܲ죬ȵĸˣͿԸˡ
ԼĶһСĲҿ֮һźɫǣóŵúܺá
СŮЩؿһۣźĽ֮ݸ˽ݣвУ¿ɹˣ˺öǣرġ
⻹ĸ⼸ڲɻǮģĸ׸ỨǮǣֻʣŮˣŮȾ˲һŮûˣŻŮ۲˺þõǡ
ڿСŮؽǵݹӣݵҲȵģüΪСŮȥȴǽСŮ˻ȥ
Ҹˣղġ
ݹ죬ϸһСŮģǲŷԼһ
СŮһӿ̲סԼ죬Լ¶Ц޳е㱿ôҴˣÿԭˡ
ݿüЦӣֿ˿ϵǣһתһ֧滹һƵĻ
ժ£ݵСŮϣðɣȻҸˣ㵱ҵˡ
СŮؿǰһϵвȻ˫££Ƕ仨ûоʲô̧ͷʣȴѾˣһһ°ۼ
ˡЩĪ㯣ִܿȻôˣǿ϶ϴˣԼҲõĻᱻˣһ
һӿСذ˻ȥ˿Ƕ仨Ȼ֮ԼĴߡ

һߣ뿪֮Ҳ޷֪ѹǸж߼С
űҽ񲿣ҽʦܶ඼ͣ뷢ףȴΪһζҩļģ޲İ𣬺ͶԷһ
ƹЩ³ϴǣ䣬浹ǰࡣڰ鿴ҽ̫ҽ
ȻԵЩƣǾȴȵһμʱҪãȥǲ֪ƣһ߿ҽš
࣬һõҩΪƣΪʲôõø죬ѵãҩã
ʼҳҽԱζҩأǮʰǮⶼһģ˵ǴӼͬ
Ȼһָŵһ˽ϵĳҽע⵽Ϊ̫ҽֵģȻ֮ǰץסǸ֣ġ
֣ĻʹӺһ˶ߵ׼ȷҳǱҽ飬Ȼݵֱߣ̫ҽ˳ֱ˹ȥ
ŶʮĬӣݲҲҪ̾һ䣬δꡣ֮ǰΪǸС֣ģھȻΪ̫ҽԺ֮׵̫ҽ֣
ʱͻȻִһСŮȥüĿģϻɫſ̽ͷ
֣Ŀһ̫ҽһҽҽӣƶߵǰѹʵôˣ
˵첻ڼԣ߳ԣ˵һҲѹ˵š
뵽ҲԶǸĲˣˣֱ಻סԼĲ档ԼǰԼң϶ûԹôĶ
֣Щ֣ĴִţǰҲǮϲԶ׬˼ǮֲϴҪȥ߳ԡ
˿СèӣҲǼСҲܾûʲôõˣͷ͵ףûúóһٰɡ
ã֪ˡ
֣֮ͬҲֽ뿪ˣ֪׺үүǸĴ򣬻оôβˣ볳
л˵
? 28 
̫ҽЩյ, Цҽ
̫ҽȻ̧ͷ, 㷢ֹʦȻԼǰ, һۣЩҽʦȻúֵӣûע⵽ݡ
Ȼæվ, ʦһ
ոտ뿪֣ҲһǴĳ, ոոûע⵽ôһͿ, ǹŹ֡
̫ҽ, ŻعģѧҲ
̫ҽȥЩ, Ѿµ˹ʦҩо, ڵʦ, ߵҩ, µЩͷֻǻһЩʱգź֤һ
ĻоԼߴ½ϰһ, ɵó
ҽô̵ʱ, ͷ, ǼΪѵˣĽ, Լ뷨ǡ
̫ҽͷ, ʵȻ֪ļԲȶ, ʱ䲻˰ЩоȻЩãܿϸ죬˵ܾ¼Ĳ
ŽݵתƵ֣ϣϳ˶ԷţҲϳˣ֮ǰݳС֮һ֣ġǰڲˣӲҲϵЩҩҽ飬֡
Ȼ㼯˴˴δ̫ҽҽʦԼصļҽǣֻǽŵúܡԭֵͽܵأҲƵҽʦЩʶϵòҩ˱˸Щҽʦֵġ
֣ҲǰЩϵģӲͦãԼ˵ĻܼǵʮĻǶԲҩʮϤԼæ
֣ĽӲӱ̫ҽǰһ񣬡ʦˡ
ݿһۣ֮ǰǸ֣˻һ㶼֮
Ҽǵãϻ˵ֵ֣ŸĵܵܣǸոǸСŮǣ
֣͵һƭ˲ƴڻʵڲǿһ֣ҵ񣬶Ҳû뵽Ȼô֮ǰƭĹˣǶԷȻǵ˵Ļ
ԭ䣬ǸԲϣǿЦЦ·͸һеݣйˣоԼ˵ĻѻᱻʵʵؽԼ˵ˡ
Լֵ֣ܣǱһͷӼɵС͵ֻͷˣҶߵòˣʣµļһռûõСŮԭҪȥǵģ˽һָ֮ݡ
˵֣֮ЩɥʵԼǸ͵е߲ѣͷ£Ͷˣ̸ʲô߳ܲ߳ܡ
ֻЩʱΪ̫ҽ֣оԼֻصȻæµ˵ȴʮ㡣
Ҳ֪ǲϲ͵ģ֣ĵͷţԼһ̾Ҫˡ
̫ҽһû̫ȣϾΪҽߣʶ㣬ˣʵҲʲô¡
ĹʦΪСӵŭСĵؿһۣ㿪ڸ飬СӣССͱ񵽣͵ҲȲѣ
֣̫ҽΪ˵û֮󣬵̧ͷһۣЩȣĵ治ĺ游
̫ҽο˵Сӡֿ˿֣ĺݸ߸ӣ̲ס¶һ˿Ц⣬Ȼתͷ֣ģΪʶ֣ϵҽҩ
֣ĬȻԼǰľſʼ
ǰǿҩõģ游ǸڱĴСʱԲҽʶֱ֣ҩ
ֱ߰ʱ˸ı䣬游ˣȢһλĸܿһ˫̥ӤֵøϲʤüЦ
游ȥʱҲףʹ˱ĺӣҲҪŮ׵ʱȻͷ˶֮ȴԼĳŵԺˡ
ĸϲҩÿҽ飬ҩܾռԼӵıˣϾڼĸҩĸӵˡ
վȥĸԽ˳ۣ֮һ鲻ãǮţĸߥ޸ףˣֻǸѾͷɻҪء
ȻʼܾǼԼҲҡˡ
ϾѾͷŮ࣬ȥʱϲģպ󳤴˳ޣҲҲʲô˼ңˣҲ߹˵
⻰ǡɱǮҩѧͽˣǰܹ游Ķݣҩ÷ǮˣҲûߡ
֣Ĵѧͽ֪֮󣬼׽ӴǮִ֮ҽƭȥʱ򣬱˲ţżֲ¶ʲôѵˡ
һ׵עһ߽׿ڴոյûȺǮ˳ˣ쵽صʱװ뱧Լߵʱ򣬳ûȺȥˡ
ûӦֻΪʮþˣôһ򣬾Ҳˡ
ȻҲܻҪ֮ǰĶ𻹻ûţһٴӻΪǹƭǮġ
֣ȴǵײײã̾ԼòŮģ·ƼҲ˵ʲôֻΪļҰСܡ
Ҳ̫ǵãԼһʱ䣬ͷ˻ȥɡ
ʱ֣һޱӣʹ˵Լĸ׼ĸҲûκ޵ı飬˵һԼ޹ϵ¡
ֻǻûȽʲôӦ̫ҽȳһʲôŮӣ
֣ķжϵޱ飬ЩãȻһͷԵӡ
ȷʵȻװ磬ģҲױϣæȴûعԼԱģ̫ҽǰҲûѹɤӣСżǺĽ㡱ģΪ̫ҽ֪µġ
̫ҽ⸱ӣЩεЦЦ
ϾЩʱʵ̫æˣֻע⵽֣ļԲҲóƲҩôϸأʱҲȥ˼ҵ˽
˵Ȼ֣ĵĺ᲻ͻҲеϸҲֻΪԷúðһ
̫ҽ΢죬ȻڹʦǰôһЦЩΡ
ݿȥɫûʲô仯ȴЦЦ̫ҽ֮ǰ˵֣ĵʱõġСӡͲµ˶Է˵û׹ԷʵԱһˡ
ʱȻŮҽģֻһ˵Ǳ뵽ΪŮβ̫ͨҽʦÿ
̫ҽɫЩᣬЩʱȷʵСӣӦ˵˰֮ģԲҩȺܸߣ׾ܱӺûҩЧΣҶҽҲϤͷһͨ
ԭ뿪֮ǰһͽܵģҲǹŵˣֻŮӣȻԼͲ࣬ǸԼѧҽǻлġ
̫ҽȷʵΪѵúܣԼ´δչŮӣεĲҲ඼ӡ
ͻȻЩʱ֣Լ鿴ģ˼
ʲôظ֮ˣҲҽʦ˲ʲô⣬ϾƤѣҲϡġ
Ϻһ뷨˿ɲ࣬ŮҽΪӿǻԷģ֣պΪŽն⡣
л˵
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̫ҽĥ, ʵ²ģһֵӡ
֣ȴǲ֪Ϊʲôһ, ЩãȻȻȷʵ̫ҽкø, ΪԼĸоĺ游游ʱҲͰ
ûʦ£ֻΪ̫ҽֵ, һɲõĻưˣϾڵ, ⲡĲӦҲסܾãܻʧ, Щҽʦ̫ҽҲ뿪ġ
ҽʦĴбǸ, ʦͽ⴫ŮҽһЩ, רΪŮСβ, Ϊ͢ЧŮҽ٣Ϊйβ, ѡ
仹ǹ͢Ůҽ, ֻڶƸƣнӴ
ѧϰ;ҲʮխʴӱѧɲţǼбҽѧ, ̵Ѭ֮ϰҽǼ޵ҽ֮, ϰá
Щ̫, Ůҽʮϡ٣ĻǱ֮Ϊšҩź, ΪƲҩԼ, ƾ辭Ϊβ
Ȼʵʾḻ, һֲʶҽҩ˳ҽʦ
֣ЩȻβ˲ȤȴǴûҪΪŮҽģֻŵƽ֮ǵҸȵĻƸɸɡ
Ҳ֪ܲѧɱıšԼɣҺܻʲôҩץһѾ֪·ˣɱĻӦúʺϷɡ
СʱĽıһˣ˶ɱһѺ֣ǼҵĺҲǼĽˣװֵģʹֻܸЩ߽ϣҲѾʮҸˡ
̫ҽǿڣ֣ĵĴ㣬ԸΪͽѧҽԸ⣿
֣㶣Ļ֮⣬
ûãܿ˻ظǿͽȻʮԸġ
ˣ̫ҽ׷ʵѧҽҵǲ±˵ϲߣҲ٣жҲҲ׽ˡ
ֻͻСԷʲôĻУӰδĻޣ㣬㻹Ҫǡ
̫ҽʮֳϿҵ˵ţҪȰ֣һ
ˡ֣ʮּᶨȻ֮ǰδһǱԷ֮ʶԼѡ񣬶Ҳȷʵϲó֣һӾʹ⡣
ĻĸڼʱҲʱҲѣ˵ǵ˪罣̶ֻѣ˵ǡ
֮Ҵǰû˵ԸˣҲŷϾϡֻˣѡıȻЩµˡ
֣ĳϿҵؿ̫ҽ֪һ֮ѵõĻˣΣĪ
һǸܿ壬ʮֹˡ
ˣ֪ҪԼ˵ʱܾǲŻǵǰˣôô򾲵ؽǮ˳ߣ˳ˡ
̫ҽģһĬ󣬲ſ˵ãǽҵСͽˣȥʦ֣պʽʦʦү
һʵΪԣͽҲģضĳũͽܣũ̫࣬ض϶Ȼ˵㣬˵ҲҪ
ʦүʵҲĴѣҲʦү̹ԼŮҽʦүҲµİɣʵڲУ͵ԼϵĸŮӦþͿ˰ɡ
뵽̫ҽ۾һ԰ϸ׵Ļǲ˳öˣ
æס׼ߵ׼֣ģż뵽ˣϸףܸЩԸ⣿
֣⻰ԭأȻĬĬʳϵļˣãԼ游ǰԼȥ֣ͷֻǰλԸͽԼŮ̫ҽ
ȷʵǲҵģĸţĺݣ˵ģԼˡ
֣ľԼ·̫ҽϿ游֣ͷӣݵڵأȻԸģ游
̫ҽЦеؽӵϷããȻ˾ǣϵط
Ϊ̫ҽȻڹҲоǹȻҲðլۡģֻúܣҲ̫ȥסá
һԵĽݿȫﲻ̫̾ҽ̫ҽҽ֮ף˻ҽƷҲû˵˼뻹˿ֱ̰ӡĹˡ
ЦǱ㹧ϲҽٵüͽ˸Ů
̫ҽЩ˼̫ѹʦһˡ
޷ǰʽİʦ磬Ҳϸ֪һ
⻰˵ݵʱ㲻ϯҲٻһݺˣйʦ϶ɣҲĿŵ˵ˡ
̫ҽϲ֣һͬ񣬽ݰڰ֣ʱһƮȥˡ
߹ʦ̫֮ҽؿ֣ġԵϵѰΪⱲӾ͵üͽܰϾǣû뵽˾Ȼܵøɴϻ۵Ůǲ
룬պʦܲܽиڻһ֣ȡ֣
֣ʵ̫Щ£ǱϾʦǸиˡ
룬֣Σұա
ͷ֮󣬱ʹǰ£游գֻԼػһˡֻʦŵ游롣
ãֲҲ
̫ҽͬʵóȡضʵСӣ֪ȡʲôźãֻĳˡصo񡱵ġء֡
Ҳȡʲô֣ԼȡֵǺܲ
̫֮ҽ֣ǻȥˣ֪ԷﻹмСڵȥҲˣóԷˡ

ߣѾ˻ظ·ˡ
ţҪ˶ãⳡ߾ƽϢˣֻǻʣͨݣԴҲ֪ˡ
ԭճ˵ӦȥΪصͨݲǣݵλʵ̫ҪˣǾǹؿ֮뼫
һ˴߿Ʋסôɢ۵ǸȻΣ
ʹطȫ֮⣬ڳԽ࣬ߵΣԾԽøߣʱºѿƵס
ȻݽߵٶѾܿˣǲ֪ͨǷʱ䣬ܵȵǰȥˡ
ڽϣݿѾǿ˽ľƹݷݣԭŵҲ΢Щ
·һʱͻȻ洫һӾΧ˵ע⡣
ԭһǲ£Իظǣִ֣бŹȻǲǵµġ
׼ʻ˴ʱͻȻһʲôʲӹʦ飬ΪβЩΪεȵ˲
˵꣬ſڵϿ޺үӴΪβߣһʲô˼
ǿԽƺҲЪû˵ˡ
ⷬĻȴɫأ̲סγ
л˵
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պͳҲһͬ, ׼γĵǺһ, Լ, ǷҪ׽
ǶڹʦȻޱεģԸ·գ֮ˡ
, ûʲô˸־ߣЩϻܳͷ¶, ¿ŵһ붼ⳡ, ǱʧΪ, ·ϡ
ﻹл»ָ޺أ
, Ӧ, ǻʲôأֺαɻֻͺˡ
йʦ, жҲͰ, Ȼ˽ʵǹ֣ͳʵҲջúܣ⻰Ȼʦ, ʵڸһȡ
ȻҲЩ, ʵ⡣Ͼܾ, ˻Ϊ˼ҵĻˣԼҵȴûܵȵ, Թޡ
ʹִ, Ҳвҽ¼, ʹﲡҲ˻Ϊòöҽʹɱ֣ʵ̫ˡ
ظɡʲôֻԼûˣҪ˶ʵֵ
ǡ
ͳӦ£ûõҪĻش𣬵תһ룬ʦݣʵڲ˼ƽϡ
תԸȥúò飬ôôɾϣո·ʱ˵ⷬ
֮һ·˳ػ˸ûܵκӰһɫӣȻ˽ͱõŶ˽ȥ
ڰźýյ󣬻Լסûȶ̽¾ͻˡ
˽űȭȻ˵һһ˵˳
»ֻɺϣǽĸ˼ˣĸɷԼһ˫Ůֻǵ߸ո֮ʱ;ͨ˵ĸ˵ܵǰݷãȴû뵽ܵϴߣûþ͵ˣܿ˱ûˡ
һʶԣæܵᣬҲ޼¡
ȫȺȾ߲ȥˣ֮ԼĶŮɷֶǰȥģֻһ˻Ϊʲԭ֢״ᣬûþͺˡ
֮±⸾˶Ǽҵɷǰջָؼˣ渾˸˵Ĳˣһҩ׼úüݡ
⸾˿ˣޣ˱ƽտڽԼǴ⸾˼д߲˳𣬶⸾ҩ񣬻ڳ֮һع·Ĺʦˡ
ҩǣ
ȻʵѾ˲²⡣
ǹʦ˵ĵ񣬰վùʦ˻ƹҩβ˽¶˵ȥլңа
˵ţһ˻ó˻һƴСĵ񣬵дСѰ˼ĶСЩģ˻
ĵϸۣҲ񰡣
վĵҲһۣţȷʵ񣬷Ǹ洦ɼһͷٴڣǸߴׯɫꡣ
Ľۼʦ˵գȻƾˣֻΪµ⸱ӡ
õô˵Ҳͷһߵϣֻص˸ղǸ⡣
ô˵ǸԼĻĵܵҰݷãһСҲϤȾߣȥ
ȷʵˣ⸾˻Χ˳ܾǼҴĻ
üϲҽڽԼԭжһɶ˱תĿָ꣬ˣ˱㲻Ǵ𣬲ط˼Լˡ
Ҳ룬ǹʦһ˲죬⸾˹ҲҪɥˣܻڣ
˵ϵǿ޺ҪɷŮһȥˣڻǺָˣ
ǰҲûˣϸ֮㿪ڵǱȥ˵˳ײңԹԱ°ɡ
̷Ѿˣ⻹ǿȫҶûˣһģҹʦƣƽϣȻҲΥʦ˼
֮ӦȥҲҪˣĵ޻ͷ˿ϵĵתͷ첽ȥ

һߣ֣һȺѾڹԱ㣬˼СĻߴߴطŹʳ뷨оһʵ̫ҸˣȻܳôóԵ⣬Ȼÿֵֻܷһ㣬Ҳ㹻ǻζˡ
۾ҲģýٷֱԹóԵķˣÿ˶ܺóԡ
ȻӡﲻȱԺȣܾЩĳʳ̫ζÿ˼ھͱˣȻ뷹ء
֣ȳȣǿ޲õɫʮ棬˵עȫ֮󣬲ſ˵
Ҫߴ¡
֣мСģһӿǰµ֣֣Ǳ˻
֣ǻһСԴһ£Ҹ֣֣ǽ֣ˡ
֣˳ֵ˱ˮԶһ٣Ȼ󿪿ڣȻǸӣðֲǺܺ𣿡
һŵļҲףȻ˵ǿ϶Ǹ֣Ҳ̵֡
ڶ£Ҳ֪֮ǰһϴ°æҵףΪͽ
֣§§СȻ̧ͷɫؿ֣
ĺ£˵ģȻ֮ǰܽкһ¡
֣һϲõģļþˣʵദҲԱˣǰѶԷֵܿġ
ԱߵСȴоΧΧĹŹ֣һӳĬؿλ梡
ԼԼʶʲôȻĽ˸游ͲǸԼЩһ޿Ĺ¶ˣȥµļ
Щᣬû˿ȻСȴͬ˳࣬Ȼ֪ǼΪѵõĻᣬҲ뿪Ϊѡ
ȴΪʲôһû˵ˣô翴ȥ˵ӣ˶˵ˣ
֣ȴûж֣ǵ۾ǿԼﻹȱһǵıӡ⻹ͷʱϲõıӣԼĻһǣͷ׷˼ҪСӣ֣ǸѰ˸ĵطͷһ춼û
ڵȴоķһϸ֣ǽҪ˵Ļ
ʦ˵һн֮󣬻Ҳᾩǣʱʽаʦ񡣡
ǺðɸʦҲǸĴ򣬺ܲ֣ŰӦţоԼ֪Լ˵ʲôˡ
һʣʦ˵Ұ֣ҲǮģԼжӡ
֣ˣͷȷʵǸˣʮʺˡ
ԣ룬ԸԸһȥǣʦȽЩǮӣ͵֧ȡҵĹǮ֣ǿʼָţ˵Ƿ۲ͣ޷ҲҪӵģǿʱǶңȻ취ҵơ
֣ԭŵͷһͣסˣǣ㣬һȥǣ
֣ǿȥЩǸ⣬֪Ǹһ̫ܲãϾزģ뻹иӡ
ȻǾԼ̫˽ˣֻΪԼʦҪôҲһߡ
֣ȴⷬûع֮Ȼ￪ģһﵹûǣֻһⵣġ
Ȳ˵ʦôһ𣿡
Ҳǰʹˣʦ˵ʱس̣·϶Ҳʲô⡣֣ǿص
ŶԷᶨ֣Ҳհǰ˺ˣΧһȦԸȥ𣿡
С˵ӦˣֻҪǼֿͺãȥĶá
ЩദˣҲǵ˿ֻ⻹Լĸĸ͸硣
ԥӣ֣֪ʲô˵ݳûҼ㸸ĸҲϢϾǶǣǱͨö࣬ʱҰ취û˶˺ӡ
ĳŵҲͷӦ
֣Χ˶޳ɵģİ壬ãǾȥǣʱǰⷿҲˣڻͷǡ
֣ǿŶԷ˾ģҲһ㶣ȴܿ¶Ц
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һ, ͷãݺͨ, ˵Ļ, ʦ
ţĻӣЩ졣
ʱ֮ǰʱƺվԼ֮ͲôԼǰ¶ˡ
ͳ˵, ĻҲֻǳԼԺżӦȥ˱عԱϯ, Ǵϼȥתת쳣, ȥǸʮֺϸļˡ
ôͻȻԼ
, µ˱ʶȤ£, Ļ˽
ʦˡ
Ļӿ, һ񣬽ʮ̹Ȼˡ
, ֻǿ, ֪Ϊ¡
ĻǴһͷǳ񣬸̧ͷϿֻԵͷ, ǰչʦǶȻ˵ľʵ, ˾þ, ʵƽΪ죬ʦҲ
ݱ΢ЦĻӶ, ȴɻ, ûΪʲôҪͻȻ, ѾǺüǰˣҪΪǼ£ôڲԼ
ƺԼӣЩˣϲ˳ƪ۵ĸ蹦̵£ʲôֱ˵ͺˡ
ڴĻӣǰΪ£
µƺҲû뵽ôֱӾʳȥɫЩӲǺָֻܿƽģ
¶ˡ
ǿ˽ݲϲǰĿ׺ѵĻֱӿ˵˴˴ε⡣
ȻܶȻߣ֪Ⱦ߲֮ˣѳ٣ǲζţͨ?
˵̧ͷһۣȻׯصһ֮ƷأҲѹȥʵǲ̫ģ˹񣬼ʹǳʱҲҾֻʮ¡صĳϣŻˡ
˴ǰΪԵģֻж֮ˣǷҲǷʲô
ݿôӣȫûƽﵨӵģǾ⸱ӸΪ˳ۡ
ʻλĻӵܳ裬ȻСѾ˳̫ӣԼΪܳӣ֮ĸλҲʮֱ΢ʵǸʹС͸ӡ
ƺ˵ĻӵĸʱȥӴ͸ûʲôڸˡ
ѵ˵ʻΪĸĸ׾Ȼȥж
̾ţʹǸ˵ĵطȻһС͸ӵĸ׶ݲ¡
ôӣЩΪѡϾϴֻΪ˰ҵģŻôһҪ֪ʹִᣬҲûû֮˵
ڣֲܽ⻰ֱ˵ңģҲ
ɡŶԷӵվһǫӣ̾
޴֮Կصǣ˵Ҳ޷
Ҳֻ˵Ļˡ
Ȼ˵仰Ļӵɫһӱϲֳһ
лʦ֪
ȴһ׮һܾõһ˶ˡ
Ȼ̧ۿһ۽ݣ֪ϲ˴ţԭЩʲôĻҲѹ
ˣĬĬȥˡ
ȥ֮Ƕһӽˣ˵ĻӲ֪ʦϲʲôһʦ¡
ݴ򿪺ӣһüĿĵһʱЩʲô˼
ϵͳͻȻðͷףûԼ
ݴΪ𾪣ˣ
ҿڻǲòϣȷʵԼôһ֮
ԣΪʲôң
ϵͳȴʱؽˣݿһصĻ֣ϵһ
ԣǸйأȻôţʵѾȷˡ
ŶĻӾɣҪģԵҲƲģȻ뷨ˣĳɹһ
ϵͳϾҲǻֵɵģĻ͵ȷʵ͵˵ϡ
ȴüΪʲôԵ޹ԼѵֻΪһ仰ⲻ̫ܰɣ
˵Լʾã
ʵϵͳ˵޼ĻȻ֮ǰȷʵǲģۼһ쾰֮ᶨҲҡˡ
ʹٲģҲòϣϻʵ۾Ȼ
˵ȷʵţʵˣܿת뷨һȷʵѯλʦԼĸ׵£ҲֺùʦȻʦ˴ô㲻ϻʵҲҪԼЩӡ
պʹԼʲôҲƫС
ֻ֪ԷϲʲôҪ˵Ͷøˡ
˵ʦƺԽ֮ĶȤϾЩ֮ǰ̫ȥЩ˵ʦˣǺ⣬ֱս˿ⷿԻҡ
ԼֻǸ̫ܳĻӣĶȻǱȲùЩϸѡƷģóҲЦ
ˣǵĲõü䱦Ĺʦ²ǡ
Լߵһ̳⣬˵ϵɣȻûз˵ȴ޲𹩷
ӣ˼عԱϯͨϺĬǰƶ˴ʦ˵ţĲüԱ˹ʦĽؼҡ
һ£ʹϢͨ˼ңҲ˹ʦţ֪Щľ
ҩȴԷģ˾һ£׷˵ؼңլƽ̵ĽҲڴʱ׬һʡ
㲦£뽪ݱ˽һ֮ĴȻʱ˶̵ġ
Ͼǹʦĵȫû֮Ҳ˵ȥ̫ҲУðգϾô֪أ
˷ͨĵ񣬻ӵģȻЩезӵļһ
׼⼸գڽ콫ϣһҲȷʵеĵǣ֪ĸ׻ƽͺãģҲضˣϾѾˣ֪ô࣬ʲôأ
ֻǲ֪λʦˣϲϲԼϵ
ȻĵоޱȣǱϾԼǺǿ˵Լֻǰ̳ܿ񣬸ԼûϵǿԼȥ
ûϵֻҪҲ߳ܣûκ⡣
ԭ˻ȥû˻ȥȻ²˼ǱϾһĻ͵ĺôȷʵյˣϵĻҲ˻ȥǱԼһɡ

ͷôңŰˮתϷˮйҲܾһ˿⡣
֮ǰǸСŮҲ쵽ʱˣ֪ôˡҩϵͳĵϵͳ֤ʺϵҩˣŻһʻġ
˼䣬˵ǲļλϴ˸ϣҪҪ֪ʦˡ
Ȼ֪ԼóҩˮǳЧʱ˵⻰̲ס룬ǲ߼ˣʲôصĲ
ϵͳԱΪɲ䣬ȴûô࣬˽λ
ãûзʲô¡
һţǰͷ̫ҽȥ⣬æһ񣬱㼱ӵ˵һ䣬ʦӣоˣ
л˵
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ϲ, Ȼһƽģȴʮ־ϲ˵ʵ, ڵ߷ĹŴ, ɵӰȻǺܺѿƵġ
ֻͨԼȾԴֶΣжϴȾ;ѣֻѸٽ߿ס, ɢ
ŴĴ򣬼ʹ֪ߵԴԼԭ, Ҳ֪ܲоӦĽ취ϾЧù, ǶʮͲŷġ
ȴû뵽, ĴȻܸһϲ
濴ŵµ̫ҽɫ, ȥǸסһ, ˷ܵؼֱֽŶ֪ôڲźˡ
ŶҽѾоЧķˣۺЦؿʵ
ˡ̫ҽ, Ȼվ, ɫѡ
ǰ³ˣ˴ߣбѰ֢޿ƾ֤, Ը֢, ݲ֢״ֲǡ
߶߶˵, ֤ʱý˷ΪϽ֤֤֤֤Σ֤Σ֤ȣн֤Ŀ, ǵȣ½֤ҹ, ޺, ȡ
չֵĲͬȡͬķҩơ
Ҫҽǲǰ˾飬޸ĲɵһҩΪⶾѪҩıжʮζ֮ࡣ
ʵⷽǰЩӾѾоˣҩĲȬҲܲȥгЧ
ζҩ̫󣬱֮һϬǣԼ̫ҽô꣬ϲһС֣ԴӦ
Щ죬̫ҽǺһͬоǷݿɴ棬۵ҩģ˲ֱգȷõҩĹЧãҼ۸񲢲ǰ
ˣҩ治ЧΣ
ʩҩʮߣˣʮ߽
֣ʵһôߵĴʣȻҲֻΪĿǰҩ̫ˣ࣬ǼʹҲѾŵˡ
ͷմز֮֮Σɽҽʵڸõ׹
仰̫ҽ԰һм˵ҾӹйʦҩòӻʱգֲصȾȫͶҩҲѸݱóʵķ˴λǶ˹ʦѽ
ȴǾ̫ҽʵ̫ǫˣֻò鲻ɢǶѾ֮ˣȴûʲôЧķӡ
̫ҽΪŴҽʦȴܽ£ҳβķӣƵҽˡ
ӣպٷƵߣ˶ӦĽ취ˣܾȥˡ
ˣʱ䱦
ֻһˣó˰ٲȫҩˮҲֻܽһʱ֮뿪ˣôٷȻ޲ߡգҪԼ
ҽعǫƽϢ֮ķնᴫ˹ʵɳƵһҽˡ
̫ҽûмǫȥЦЦȻôˣʵѾûôִˣǰģһ̹ͨ;¹󣬻ܳΪ˳ʢҽʥˡ
ֲʲôʿӣǸ˰ˡЩǰּʵǰ಻סǷϲ֮顣
ϢҲѾҪˣزȥˡ
ʵʱҶæתˣʵڰ಻סҪͨˣ˸ϸ֪ʦ
ҲʱæµͷˡߺţҩȷʵЧô˳ĻʮգͿԽȫκˡ
ʼѸеҽʦĸԸ̫ҽĵǲʼææµµط߲֢״ʵҩҩҩ
ҩһصôؼ̫ҽΪڣʱز֮˴ӷȥ죬ļ꣬ʱơ
ؼҪ֮ʱӦ׷ҩΣ֢֮׷Ҳδɣ˷Ч
ҩᲡأ籭ˮн޲Ƶʱ
ðյķӣȻܵɣһЩҽϲ˵ֹķǳʲô⣬˵κõÿ첻죬ÿ϶Ǻܿġ
̫ҽ˵ǣֵļ֢֮˴Ȭ֮ҽʦóϷò̾ȷǶԷһ÷
Э£Щ֢Ĳǲͽ͵صȺԼڣʮڴؿһһѽ뿪ˡ
ƬÿհȥʬҲ࣬һһ˵Ȭ뿪ԭӵĲҲˡ
һգСŮʰԼĶû쳣֮󣬱㱻뿪ˣգҪһؼˡ
ԭΪ˷ӦƸģĲˣ֮Ĳ˺࣬ҲҪôˣݹ׼մһȥˡ
˫߰ɡ
һȥЩ̬ȻоŮӣʮغһ
Ҳʰö뿪ӣȻĽǲ֮ǰ־ֲĵ̬ˣ˶ϣһ뿪ľԼˡ
뵽Ƕ¶Ц˳һЩСʳʲôСŮ
⸾Цһ߲˼ãһҲ˵ףĻϣҲȬջؼҡ
뿪֮Ǹ˻ͷһۣоԼ·ϴȥ»һ˹
֮ǰЩ谵ģɬҩζļ䣬·ѾϱӵˣԼǵò̫ˣֻüǰ·
ͷ㿴Ůһֻ߬ǶƵĻôȻʢ״̬һ㶼ݻơ
⻨ôôãǴĶģ
ǸЩ棬֮ǰֻΪǱ˴ĴԺժ˳͸ŮģϾЩʱܶ˿Ůɰģ̲ס㶫
û뵽⻨Ȼôã˹ˡ
˫ȴûֱӻش𣬷ǽһЦһԺļһҵġ
ǸʵҲû̫ģûȥ˵ԼЩʳ׼úһ
СŮҲʮϲõؽޱڴڲٴЩҩˣԻؼҳԺóԵˡ
Ȼ߬Ļ׵֣Լļȥˡ

ݱŵÿյĻظƵĽչԽԽ죬Щ֢֮ˣҲʼ½½ָˣÿն˳Ȭ뿪˲
ȷʵʮգֻ߰չ򣬲󲿷ֵĲ˻϶ȬˣÿհʬҲˣȥ𽥼٣ԽԽࡣ
ֱһգͨղ֮еѾȫˣֻʣЩҽʦˡ
ԭ̫ҽҲ֪ģЩʱʵ̫ˣûûҹţڽ֮Ųס⣬˯˹ȥ֪
ã¶һЦȻ࣬ǼȫƽϢǻЩ֮ܶ˸е壬θеϲá
ҽúϢǣǰ
˵ȺϢȻø֪˲ǡ˵ȥͨĻӡ
֮Ǹ֪ȫǣдۻظǱߣĻӵ񷶳룬һ򲻱Щ
л˵
ҩ֢״двοġ߻ࡷġʱ֢ɡ
㶫ҽߺУ渦߷һ࣬򼰡ҽָĴĻϣݲ֢ͬ״Ӽҩ1897ųɡ߻ࡷ
оͼȡ²֤֮֮ⶾѪΪ֢״ͬӼҩη
߻ࡷǽΪҽרš
˺,֣Фҡ㶫Ϻ㽭ಮաҢȾԴо,ԼԱ,ʵ鰸,Լ,ֱɡԼࡷʱ֢ɡɡ߾΢ࡷ,γԡࡷΪ׵һϵҽҩרš
ңʱмأΩ֢ҩͶ޲Ч֮ʮ.š֢٣ʩҩʮ࣬ʮˣҽ벻ҩʮ⣬оȾųࡣ
仰ûоԿŶȴۿۡһЩط־ȷʵмַߣȷгЧ
˻ҩЧһܴﵽٷ֮ʮ
? 33 
֮ǰҩƳʱ, ϢѾݣԭĲ, Ҳϣ, ͷһֱ֧ŵ
ڣеĲȫȬϢһ, ȫǵ˶ϲòѡⳡҪȥˣڲǰսľ, ҳţԼһȾߡ
Щв˼, ҲǱȬϲ, ڲصģһ̻ӵԼѵѶ, صˡ
һ̲סĺ, ڿտյ޳ôһ, Щ˼ֻһˡ
ƽϢ, Щڻ̲סţԼٵȵȣȵ͢Ķ, ȵҽʦƳҽ, ǲǶܻ
, ˻ЦԼ, ˿, ̾˵ȥ
йԱҲǻŽٺ, ΣѾƽϢû֮֮Ǳ㿪ʼĥŸκ͹ʦԼĻ׽
ϾȻǣҲȷʵûܾʲôܵĻۣؾʱ˵Լ䣬벻Ҫ˵Լ²޷ʤξͺá
λʦȻҲ׽׽ġϾ죬紫˵˽أ˭ûܵ˿Уһλɰأ
λʦҲȷʵأ˻ûЩȥҲϤ˻ˣʵβôЩǻҲЪ˼ֺֻĻϡ
ֻ˽˹ʦĽؼңÿ㹩ڶԷܱԼլƽݡ
Ȼ̫ҽԴӶԷоߵҩ֮յ˸޲Լġ
Ͼôһе˶̫ҽ̫ҽҽ֮ף¼ĴˣȻôûãоҩӣκôأ
ڵ͵͵˵̫ҽǰʦһͬ·ҽǣȻĻôһѸٵؾһǵˡ
ڽŵһɨգ˴֮ǰķΧлָʼµر˸ָĴԣһб۵ģԼֳۼһ
̫ҽȻҲܽЩȫˣӦ˼λٵ룬ſ˳ȥˣ⼸æµúܡ
Ļ䲻ڲܾܾҲͬһЩصϯЩϯǴףݻָȣмҼ˴жŵģȻʹϯôλʹҪڳġ
ҲڿϢˣΪ֮ǼϸͨݣҲǴ˴ĵطȻҪúһ
ݵø徻֪ϲţһ˵
¸ϣͿҩ°֪Ǻȴ⣬һ
ֱƲסԼϲҲ˵˵ֻǺ죬һԽԽԣʼ޵˯ţȥήң
죬ϲССֵ⣬ǳǵʹһʹʱ˹ȥʱԼĴߣؿԼ촽΢ȴû˵ʲô
ֻ۵ؿ˰취ҽʦҽʦܲ⼸ɢô˯ȥ
ϧǣҽʦȻܾˣɢ̫ѿƼһòÿܾͻ¡
°ȴ˳׵䣬ЩˣҩǸðЩгЧҶĲм֮˵ֻҪʹͿԻָѾ˵ˣĶ䡣
ˣͲЩֶΣֻ͹ȥá
үȻҲֻǿŮ⸱ǿʹӣʵǲģŮСҲûôܹˣԹʲô࣬ܲأ
°ЩʱΪԼϵʹ˽ũũԼ֯ȫ˸ϣڻеʵʮģֻǴʱ䣬˹ʦ׿ָķȼܾģزλʧǡ
ֱһڵ°ܵϵʹʧһ̣ЩţΪԼ֪ˡ
ʹȻʮܣȴҲиܵԼ˫ȵĴڣԼʮܵġ
ʹͻȻʧЩ֣һΪԼֱǰǸӡ
ЩŵشӴϽԼ֧Լȣδĸܣظ֪˱ŵĸо
°Щ̲סгŮ˽һȥүԺﺰȥˡ
ݣһ¡
Ů֣Լ֧ţԼһ˫վ
ЩţС㣬㣬ûء
ЩģϾСκˣһʱҲ·ˤ˿ôѽ
Сزȫסһ͵ڵˡ
°Ȼ֪ʵ̫ˣ˵ԣⱲӻδԼվ߹һ·ֻſȥȥ
һ۰ĸף񣬻ֻһլ¶س󣬹¶ȥ
ϵƶԼеЩİ˫ȣƵ˴߷£ȻһֳֻŴһַֻŴݣּᶨվ˫Ȼڴ
ȻӶ˴ϣȷʵԼ˫ʵʵվ˵ϡ
еظܵ˫ȴ֧Ÿеʱ򣬳°粻Ծ
ʱүҲҴȻ֪ŮָӣһֱŮԺű֪ͨżæŵظ
һǰͿԼŮᣬԵŮվ˴ߡһ˲䣬Ҳ̲סԼԭأǲһ
°̧ͷ˴űߵĸף̲סײײȥû߼վȲˤ£ǰ缸ĸýס
ҿˡ
Լĸף̲סͷ˵һ䣬ȴʮȸԾ
ããˣСүҲԸ˵״εģֵæԱߵŮ󵽴ȥ
ȱżˣһһߡ
̲סţҪΪ̫ĵ߶ϾҲֻǸոջָѣôû߹·϶ӦģҪ
°ڴϣŸ׵ĶϻЩ˼ϾóȻˣʵ̫˷ˣûпסԼ
ãҵȼȻĺˣǲǸŵлǣ
֮ǰ͵Ķʦû£һһ˻ˣΨһµҲֻԼǸСʵڲʲôӦ֣Щһزǡ
ʵΪ֮ǰѾˣֻǹʦǱɲ˻ˡүҲΪ·ϾŮؿǵõĺôʵǸûرһġ
°˵ʦǷ˵ԸԼĵЩþооǡ
뵽̧ͷףðɣˣĺúõսá
ˣָܾõ״̬ȥоԺڵЩũ֯ʦҪС
л˵
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нָ, û֮ǺֿʼΪææµµȻѹ˲, , ַߣĸ˰һ룬ҧҧܹȥ
һ, ˴εֶѾ׼뿪ˣǼǰһص, ͨݡ
Ķ鿴ʱ˲ˣ˶ԭеЩ, һЩصļҽ, ҲһͬСЩԼҪȥģϾЩ, ˭ܱǸϤΰЩأ
⼸ǻһҩ, ̫ҽƳǽⶾѪķģ, 󲿷ҩĶ㺱, ۸Ҳߡ
ͨݾóʵҩģȾЩ֢֮ˣչҩģȻĻ, µʱ
װ, վڳݹԱĻͱδ֪ݿȥЩƣ, ЩΪ߹ԱȻǲеĶȥ, Ҳæµúܡ
ǲ, ǳΪṩ, ҪʲôʲôҪɨȫʱҲǺ޲ðѵµСҲȫɳȥĳġ
⵱Ȼ˵ǸҵڿҵĺùˣϾλˣ޹޹УαضЩ¡
ֻϾεһˣڿʱеȱãҲܵøְ޾ٵۡ
˭뵽˺֣øؾˣҲһˣ͢ҲǵѴøس̶Ȳͬ˸һ۸˰û̫صҶ
ڽһ꣬һ˺ҪȥˣũҲûˡ
ϵ⵱ھȻַߣ֪֪Ϣʱֱǰһڣ޲þôȥˡ
˽ǰֱ֮޲ͰͨݵĶ񿵴Ҳɡ˵Ǻã鷳ûԼǲ֪ܵĶȥˣǰҲˮǿɺޡ
ֻû취黹ҪģԽӶ񻯣ҲԽôδ³е˿ҪٸˣʹⶼΪ֣ӦԲȴӰ쵽
ʱ˵ǨˣٶǺõˡ
ȴû뵽˵˹ȵ׻̩͢˴ֶ龹ԭΪŰҪ²ܴƽϢȴû뵽Ȼһ¾Ѿκ˴벡ԭֱҲ½࣬ѾԤе̫ˡ
֪⼸վѾд˸蹦̵µӣƪȻʥģ֮ã֮󻹺úÿһͨĻӼˣλĹʦ˴īﴵֱ˵ú˽һݾͽΧʵҳ֮°϶ΪʦŻ˵ģ¹עӰ
Ȼ鴵»ǲǵģȻǵںϸϱ˴߾Ҳ޵˵ԼĹͣ㡾ְأֶ飬Э͡
ôһ֪ͨŵؾãصĽְˣϾæǰæģûйҲпͰ
ʮֲͱŶ飬ǹʦǣԼҲҪǨŭ֪ȻĹԱĻؿţɴҵ˼ʵڶǰеǼϣҶλʦһʱ䣬˵лһء
ֻϧҲ֪Ⲣ̫ܣϾͨΣ鲻Ե޹ʻݵģֻȴû뵽ͱһҲûܼʦһۣʵź
֣Ҳڶ֮У̫ҽãҲҪһͬǰͨݣʱس̵ʱһ֣һߡ
ʱҲڳſڸ֣Ǳ˱ȥʮֲС֣һԿϧģ˵˾䣬ˣΪ˲ء
СĶҲģСһչ˲㰲ȥǶˡ
⻰˵ǸۿЩ΢ĺӲ˼ˣ֣ǵϰ֣˵Ļˣ˵ͷ
ţ֪硣֣ʵģԼεĹǮ˴ңҲһɣصûԡ
ǶǵúúóԷӦòõȺܾãܻسˣʱһߡ
֣ͷЩȻҪüе£Щ˴̽̽ǵܲһĨھȥˡðǷҸŵùȥ˾㾩ǱȥˣôҲи·
ˡԼϲõʦֵкԼ֣Ǹ˵˱𣬱ȥ
°Ҳ˳ſڣȻϣϾոջָãǺѶߣҪһʱӦ
ʱľȴ֮ǰرǰʵ鶼⣬ѻȻϣȴϣ۾Ҳ񣬿ȥúܡ
ʦ˴ͨݵ֮ǲǱҪؾˣ
үͷ֮Щ㽵˵ҲŹʦȥǡ
Ȼֻôһ˵Ͼұݣ׵ĲҵȻ鲼Ǽҵ
үȴǰԳ˼ţʵھҲвҵֻĻϼңһ֮Ҳʼ˼ҪҪҰᵽȥ
ֻû¶ģϾǼ£ϸǿǲǡ
Ķ黺ʻǣ·վŲٳ񣬻򳤻ף㶼һмɫǰͷ֮ʱ֪˭ȴͷΧ˿ʼ˳һ㳯ŶȥﻹŸмĻ
ƿ˴ɴһĻҲЩ𺳣һͷȻԼʳǱʲôл˳ϵˡ
֣Ҳ˼ӣ΢̣Ǹճ¯ûõģ˿ȥЩ죬ƺԼϹĳ
үӻ֣ҲϳСӣزסԼúԼлԼ̻ˡ
ҲˣЩСҲзݣǿԼĶҲθжúۿԼЩǱģȻܵ˸лʵ﷢ᣬ֪˵Щʲôźá
ȻҲлֻǶˣֻ·һС֯ʻ׺Ĳӣװ˵Ұӣȥͮͮġ
СֻԼǰԼӣ˵üֱҪһԭֻժҰ̫˵ˣŶЩۺ졣
ǿ˿Լװ˽䱦ĺӣɵø̾һԼ̫˵㣬Ѱ˵뷨ʦ
ǿ˰ȻЩ˵ϲЩ棬ȻĶмֵΡ
֪ˣ͸ö౸ġ
һͨվʻݣֻԶԶţĬĬΪ
֪Ȼǲģֻǽѹȥ֮ϲԷΪ͢ĶУ˵ڶԳ͢ĸм֮飬һӣúһǡ
һξ˵ѾָҽʦǾһ˴˴ε飬Եҽ
̫ҽȻҲУ˴һ˶ķڷȻҲҪûúֽֽ̲ǣʵѵá
ţȻһ·ҲʮԶг·мɽˣֻЩ˲۾͢ĶҲð˹ʦˣǿɾͲˡ
ֻϣЩ˶ʶȤЩ۾㣬Ǿ˳ִͨݣȻĻЩ˵ӿɾ͵ͷˡ
л˵
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, һ·˳ֻ·ϡ, żӰ, żԶԶǣҲƵУҳײ
һ, ͣԭϢɲҷ, ԾɾѲһǰԶһխ·, ·Զ, ĵصɽХɽ֡
ȷʵͬȷһٵɽ, һǸɵĴҽĻ, ʲôˡ
һü۵ļһشɽû, ɽկ, ͵͵ҵڷկϴһοĺӣɱ롣
ϴɽһȺһ, ͷú, ž֮ǰ˵ĳֵ͢ġ
СͷĿǸɽկΧ̽, Ŀ˶ټ֮ˡ
ϴڿƳһ, ȴû˵
ȻЩ⶯, ˭֪֧ӿ϶, Ͼǳ͢Ĵ٣Ҫǽӣ϶ǲᱻ׷ŹġǮȣȴʵ֡
СͷĿȴģϴϴ˵һʴģ˭뵽꣬˶ˣǸ˵ĵˣֵǰװһˣʲôûš
ߺУԭ̶Ҳˣ࣬ټɽ¸ĴһµҪһӵ˶Ⱦߣȫ߶
ԭǿҽᣬٹ·̶άģĴȴѹ˲٣ֵѾöûܳˣмײļһԲ˽ҲЩԹԡ
Ͼ֮ǰɽͶģΪ˳ԿڱΪ˺ȾƳģٻûУԲˣǿɲҪ
ϴȻҲһΪͷˣʵǲصûԵģõĳʳǹģƱµҲʲô
Ŀɽûˣô󵨵£ȻΪˣΪƽ¶ʱʵڲ¶ˡ
ϴһΪӣСͷĿ˼ЦһҲûж˵ʲôȥˡ
Զˣȴֱ˸ۣмЩһֵֶǲ£ѵǾϲû𣿻ǵµҲֲʲôԵģԹص˼
УһԼǳԵͦãҲµֵǳԵʲô
ԽԽݺݵؽϵһʯ߷ɣƵػصԼĸλϣ۲Ÿ
һӴչˣ磬ϴô˵
ߣô˵ʲôû˵
ǶǸСͷĿһɽͶģҲֻΪʵûˣɽͼڷԵġ
֮ǰãկﲻȱԵģֻʱԽѹֵײСආԲˡ
ҲֻֿΪһڳԵĶգΪܵˡ־֪ǰ֧ǳ͢ģҲ˲ôˡ
ԣ˿ȥЩʧôһֻǰ֣ʵ̫ϧˡ
Ҳû취Ȼϴͬ⣬ôֻǼҲʲô£˵ôһֻˣܲץѾˡ
Ҫǲֱ͵ȥ
һӹµµתת˸⡣ǼҲûôĵӣֻʵǶûţǴɱˣʵҲһµȥ֡
ǼǸǰڹ۲죬̽ϢģɱҲóġ
ô͵ķ
˼ȥ
ɫҲˣҹЩ˿϶ҪⰲӪկһ·ġ
ǿﵽȥЩһԵĶµɺҩðЩǶҩ
ʱɫ谵Ҳͼģøװװ٣һͬ뿪˵أȥݸأĹӡ
ÿԼװǼһֵܣͨȥģҲ
ǼʶǰҲׯڵɻģһֻ֮ǰϺʵǻȥˣΪܣͶڷկۼҲԲϷǾͶ˼뿪
뿪ǰǻٸһʣЩıӣ뿪˴
Щܿ˵ˣҲ˼΢Ҫ뿪կӵģ뷨ȻвӦ
Щһ⣬׼ýʱȥʰɺҩʲôĶã¡
˰˱㿪ʼæһˮˣ˸ԶСӱߣͰˮ׼ȥ㿴ԱߵԻļһ
ԻɫЩţЩԶҲ˺ӱߣˮҡ
Ǹˮ˼ģԼŵķˣʼ̸
˵伸ýЩˮҲӶԻ֪ˣǴΪˣ⾰ãԭͣǽ׷һֻ¹׷ԶЩˣֿʣȡˮ
̸ˮ˻ֵ֪ĹĸԼǱߵˣԽ̸ԽˣһƵЩˮͰûע⡣
ֵ֮ɫˣֹס˻ͷ˵˱
ˮ˻ЩδҲ֪Լûȥˣ㳯ֵӻ֣һˮͰȥˡ
ϣСͷĿ߰˸ֵּ̽ţԭֵҹ˯߻صģɵһϲ
϶Űﵽ󷽣һ˲֪ӻóʲô¾ͰѺһӴˡ
ȻǵãһӲΪĽƱǰݳڹõҩġ
ʧСĽӸ˻ȥһӡ
һһ򿪱ǰ׻İ
߰˸۾ˣͷǸСͷĿǣǻعŷӦԼŵİڵϣֺǺǵĽװ˽ȥ
û뵽ǵȻôãһ·˳СͷĿаšȴûϵһ̣ԼֵܾͱӰڵأá
СͷĿǰݺݵѹڵϣɳʯӹεۡ
һ¾ͷӦЩΪ˯ȥĻǼװģͿԼı
ǽ⼸˵ֽȫסʼǼˡ
ȻµҪΪСʱ򣬾ѾܺЩˣȻΪܣǹľȴû
ʵʵĽԼͽĴȫгֻЩүһ
ͳ쵹Ǿ⼸СݼֶȷʵǸӵļһҲͦģЩӿǳ͢ģȻô׾ͱˡ
Ǵ˵㣬鲻㡣Ҫ֪·ʱҹֵصˣԷڳʳиЩСֶΣǲȫͬһʳģܻһֻЩԼĸˮ˲ܱ֤һ˼ʹУһҲܼʱӦ
ǼٰԻֵܣȥûʲô⡣ߵЩʱûһǰ̸Ͼ֧һʹͷһӾǵע⡣
ԭǻΪǴٵɽˣĦȭ׼úýѵһȴû뵽ԭֻǼ͵㶫·С
˼Ÿô⼸˵ʱ򣬸Ѳǵһǰ˸׳죬ͻȻһ
æȥͳȴĿһݣʽĵǹӪʽ˽죬ʹԼ˽ˣҲȹӪ
رһ۾Ϳеķֱ
л˵
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ͳһӰǸСͷĿǰൽԼǰ, ָǰѳĵ, ⶫĶģ
λүһɷ, ǰҲŵûһʲôƵ, æڱ⡣
⣬ⲻҵ, ǣ⵶֮ǰҵġ
Щ״, ĵĻ, 嵹ˣ⵶֮ǰȷʵ, Ǹסһĳɽ˵ġ
ɽһγʱ, ѵҲǰȣʵ, ͵͵ġ
Ҿ˵, կƵĵֻƽȥҽʱַϣСආһڻկ֮, ĵͻᱻջȥ
֮ǰһǸɽ, ҲկСͷͷ, Ҳһĵ
˵ĻЩڡ
ٷı, һ˵ǲͨ, Ҫ˵Щɽˡ
˵йЩɽ˹, ͵͵˱ǡ
ͳȻһֱڹߣطְǱϾ佫ңӸҲ˵˲顣
˵ֻǹٷ˹ᣬʵҲʲô̫ϡ£Ͼ̰ǲҲ򲻾ɱҲɱġ漰ǿɾضˡ
˵ˣ϶еطĹԱ˽㹻ൽܽıЩɽˣ˵˰ｫӪ˽͵˳ˣŵЩɽϡ
Σɶܶҡ֮Ĵ£ʵڲܽˡ
ȥ⼸Ҳ˵ЩǴĶģϾͶɽҲûãû쵽֪ܵҪ鱨λãЩ¡
Ҳ֪ʲʲôˣ̧ͷ˿ɫʱҹ룬Χü¶ѾôǷˣʱҲýǼλȻأҲһʱܽ¡
¶⣬˽⼸һ˼ֵأЩһл㱨
ڶһ磬㽫һһʮ˹ʦĻӡ
һǲЩģϾҲΪʵ۵٣ЩҲܣҲܡ
ֻǳӦ£˼Լ֪ˡ
ĻӷĬһſ˵Ǳ㽫Щһȥͨݣ顣
˵ʵʵҲ̫飬Ͼܸ㵽˵زһɽжеȴܱʵʵģ϶ǵط£ͳһЩйᣬ˲
ֻǸܳĻӣҲûʲôõ鼴ʹҲѽ
˵û˼ϻʵ۲棬ֻ鶼ԼǰˣҲװ֪顣
ˣͷһ룬ӦӦϻʵۣҲ
ͳҲǴ㽫⼸һͬȥͨݵģһɽڵλͨݲԶʲôٷ˹ĻǱȻͨڲĹԱ
Ҳɽ˵ľıɽϴǵȰ̽þ˵
ˣ⼸ùɽ˾ֻŶһ·ǰȥͨݡ
ڷկڶһ˷ֵظڵǼһﶼˣȥǵķ䣬һϼһʲҲûˣ϶⼸˿϶͵͵ˡ
ȥ֮󣬳ϴŭΪǰ㱨ǻﳯ͢ϢԼûдٵĴ㣬һ֮±ֵһˡ
Ҳȥ׷ǣҪǰúôͷһ׷ȴ˵ûǵӰ
Ҳû˰취ֻկ﷢˺ôһͨ⼸˼µļһҪǵ⼸粻֪ˡ

˺󣬶·ϵûʲô£˳˳ִͨݡ
ſʱŽգ֮ǰıбعԱǰȺӴ
ͣ˳ǰǰʾƣ֪ϵıʿԼһǳ͢־ߵġ
ϵ̽ͷһۣȻҴ뿪ˣ˺һصĳŲˡ
ȻĹԱȴϡϡģͷľȻһȥͼģʮ꣬ȥºͿ㣬档
첽ǰλˣͨͨĻ֮ӣ쳣δܼʱΪ˽ӷ磬ˡ
ĹԱҲһһǰԼͷ㲻ϳи߹٣ֻѡ
ͨһݵĶ֣˵ǸΪ֪ݸְְλҲ֪ݵֻͣǼ򵥵ĸ֡
һ˵ͨжɻʵֱίɵģһϱ֪ݡ
ͨйְ֪ݵͣȴм֪ݵȨ֪Ҫ¹ĵǮҪԼӡҪͨеӡһЧ߿໥Լ
Ļ˵ЩεĶǳ͢ģ˹ʦлӡĶ飬ڲ˵֪ͨжǰݼҲЩԱӴôͷĲֻһ֮ͨӣ޹
ǿеĲ쳿ЦһΪױͨвǰݼλʵǸǰЩѾȥˡ
Ϣһû˲ԭͨݵ֪ݾѾ̯ӣ֪ܵȥˣͨоȻҲûˣҲûõϢ
ߺУԱҲߣʵ޷ǰݼ
ⷬ˵ɫ࣬ȻǳڹԱⵡҲһ
аţͨݵȷʵصö࣬ȻЩԱҲС
һҲûڳŶʱ亮ѣ˳ǡ
֮˱ʱоȷʵضˣϸŰӰҼһŴģͬһǡ
˽֮󣬴֪ͨ鷢չüΪѸͣ˺ӦһȾպؼȫѾ˽ˣȴûʲôķӡ
ԱҲУ֪ˣͨûˣֵܵס¶ĹԱѾߣҳţǺȾѡ
ʵûа취쳳棬˽ȾߵĲȫһִɨֵ΢סǵò˻ӣȥҲȥ
ԭѾʮ־ˣȴûϵ͢Ķ龹ʱˡ
˽֮󣬶ıʿҽʦǵǷǳоַȥ
ȻλϹѾȫۼһǾͺðˣЩ㽫ҩȫ˳ΪЩβȥˡ
óԼϵŨҩˮԸµ˽ЩͶˮȥ
Ѿǵڶ Щˣ·ģоˣǳѸ١
ǳЩԱڼ⸱Щزʲôҩˮ˲صȾߣѾдƳߵķˣ
˱һϢͷЩĺϢէǲţԼˡ
ϾȻݺͨıȽϽǵʱβʱ˸ڣϢûô촫ҲݵѾˡ
һæµֲԭҲɻˣЩƣ֢״ᣬոտûõĹԱλϼȥˡ
û취ʵȱ˵Ľ֮ǰȾȥʵ̫ˣѹ
ذԼֲеְص̵Ŀ
ϾȻͨأǻʵûݶ࣬Ϊزʱȥʵ̫ˣʣ»ŵĲûôࡣ
Ѿ֮ЧҩˣⳡߺܿƽϢ֮ҪıǷˡ
ҲǳȣϾһʱˣҪԷģܵȰʳ˵
ȻԼĿȴǾе㲻Ծֲ֪ﲻԾ
ذüͷϸ鿴һͨݵŷ⡣
һʵʮص㣬ÿһȥѲӣһ˵ֻ̽죬ҪĻĿ
Ͽûʲô⣬ȴطˣ˲ᣬ֮ǰݵǱ޼
л˵
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ذڷֲԾ֮, ϸ̲һĲֿ⣬˽ϸϸȫ³һ顣
ƹһֿ, ⸱, סˣԼʲô⣬ʱԼλñס, ˵׼Ҫѽ
ΡΡؿɫֵӣֱ, ޱȡ
ذɫƽؼ˸֮üͷԽ
⼸̽ĵص, Ŀ˱ϵֲӦ, ʵĿģӯ, Ҳǳ֮С
һ˵, ĹԱ΢֮̽󣬴ûʲôĳ, 㲻ϸ鿴ˡ
ǱϽ, ڷĿĲԾ֮󣬱ʱ˽ļҲϸµ顣
ȻļָӦĿϵҲͬǡ֮ǰݺʵĿ, ҹĿĻ, Ҳʶʲô⡣
ĿϾһ˲, û˿٣ֻϴ˴ˡ
ʶ֮, ذ, ѯ˴ƹĿĸԱ˭
˿Ҳȷ, ϶⼸ֳʲô⣬Ȼλд˴ģķʱ佫֮¼һ顣
ɫЩףð亹ЩͰ͵˵˾ˣλزڴڼЩʱղֵˡ
Ŷλ˾ǵʲô
¹ٲֻλǰЩӾѾԲѣͬزʱ޶ˡ
ذüͷ°ţôôɡ
λ˾ˣ˿ɻᾭЩĿ
λСȥɫЩᣬԥƬ̲ſ˵˾»һλСδˣұۣλҲ˽ǮĿ
ȷʵʲʲôϢ֮ذַŹλС
ϾĿҪĶǳʲôضĹԱ⡣ֻǲܾӴ˲ᣬɾƭˡ
Ƭ̣ջǾȥλͨмҵϹӣϾذ˽˴ֻһλ΢ʶλϹҲͨݵ֪֮
ߣԴӶ֮ͨԭæתֱҪһõڿ΢ˣַȥ֮Ҳôæµˡ
ڵ֪͢ĲֲҪʱҲܿذǰ
֮УذִЦº͡
ذں֮󣬱ǳżɽѯ֪Ϲӿ֪λ˾δ˵
ʻƺЩ죬ȴûѯʾԵɣǷвյϸ룬ſڻص
ʵλδҸƽ࣬δ˳ߺ֮ʱδ˴żҾᵽ˽ׯϣͻͷ־壬ƺԲڴЩʱˡ
˵Ķδˣͨݵ֪ݶ񿵡
ذ˼Ҳ˵˾֪ݵ£ƽͨйϽ
زԻˣ˵ôе֪˲Ƿ˭αģΪαˡ
ּ׷ʣոС˵µγɾˡ
λڼУδ˵һԶףδ˵֮󣬱£ĸˡ
˽֮ذ쳵лȻ˵̸λṫӵӡʮֲ
ЩҲ˵ˣڴǰΣľ£ͷλˣһżҾˣһͷûˣʣµĹ͸Ӳðͷ£ֻҹڼС
λӽ˸׵صͷ£û뵽ǣȥһºӣֶȴУʮ
ʶʬʹ߸أɢĸѸ֮λϹӳ棬ռл߶ˣᵽĹУֻл𻯻֪ͨٸǰʬһ𻯡
ɵǿӲֶΣǵȷ̶ֹܴ߼ȥóһ֧ŵڣȵ˳֧͢Ԯ
ذͨݵ⼸֪˰նλϹӵ̬־£ǵʱڻң˹棬»ɸĻˡµλȥºֶͣȴǿӲ
ЩҲ֪ݷ飬֪ϴļߺ֮ЩԭԹˣеƽࡣ
ˣǵΪ㲻ˣǴϹӡ
ذӡǺܲģ˲ȷʵʺϵ٣Ϊһֻǲ֪Ϊλûй˵ѽ
ԷĽ̸ҲܿλϹӲڣŻҲܲȷʵǸ˲š
ذ޵ʻ֮쳿ЦһҲ³ԹΣֻʵ˵ãζ˼ꡣ
⻰ذĿ¶ͬ飬ʵе㵹ùˣҲֻܰοŶԷú׼һΣǰô򵽼С
쳵ͦذģʵÿʿڵ˲֪˽ʿˣ˾̾ѡ
֮ذ뿪ϸȻλδȷʵزҲ̽ʲôϢǾֻܴǸֶˣ˽γɾ
ܿ˱㱻òӢ䣬ȥһϲģֻɫηηЩ飬ԭòԵЩѿ
γɾǿԼŵõְλȻҪΪԼЧǰ
ֻزڴͷĿɽδûӰʵ㷲Ļŵĺܡ
λӾĴͻȻʵĵ֪Լʲô¡
δˣⱾ˲᣿
ذ˹ߵǰó˻еǱ˲ᡣ
ǰγɾ䵽Ǳ˲ϣЩƲסϵı飬ʶɪ£ȻһεЦЦ
λ˵ЦˣСĲְλȥÿʵֻǸȵģܽӴҪĶأ
ذĿһݣŶ֪дʲôҪ
⣬δƹܲޣҲ֪϶ĿȻҪޱȡ˵ǷӦѸٵػص
֪ĿǼٵģ
ذսˣγɾһһ˵
ǰͫ׽Ǳ仰סһ̲סƿߡ
СȻ
ѵ˲ֻδУ˼𣿡
ӦˣСҲǺ˽⡣
ذϸɫȴγɾΪֶӣĸ£϶֪ЩʲôȻĻӦ
𣿼Ȼ˲ֻУ֣֮ô˲⣬϶ʲôֽš
ȻˣұĻˡ
ذȥǲԸȥʮϵر˽ۣ˲ȫƵͷϣһ׼ֱϼӡ
Ȼز˽޸˲ᣬ˵ûб˽ң˹֮˶͵ʳضҪطġ
ҡͷԵظ̾ţƺһҪؽվҪͷһ㡣
γɾϾͲ²࣬һӾͱⷬסˡԼ̾λ壬ıְҲ˵ֶӡ
¼ˣذƺҪ뿪æס˶Է
Ŀǣλ֪ݴҪġ
л˵
? 38 
ذͣ½Ų, תɫƽض, һۿγɾͷƤ, ̲ס˶
ŶҪ֪ݳ͢٣
˹ؿ˵, ȴƺûĻΪλ֪ݿһ
⻰˵γɾһԥ, һ룬Ƕ֪粻֪Ķȥ, ֻԼȻͨ, ʲôʱ˵Եֶͷϡ
һ׳, ᶨ, ˵ʵ, ް
˵, ذ˽⵽ȷʵ˲ᣬΪҲǸˣʲôҲȷʵ, ֻʤ׾, Ǹʵ, ˲һֱߡ
ȷ֪֮ǰλ֪ȷʵ, ܡһζ˲ʱ, ʱ, һǰ㡣
ƺ˵ʲôʳСˡ֮ģϧǺûˡ
֪뿪ãã֪ЩʲôȻȥ鷿д˷ţ͵ȥ
͸˭ģλδݿʶ֮ˣذ׷ʵ
⣬СҲγɾüͷϸ룬ƺмλͬι٣ֻƺûˡ
׷ȥǰҲȷʵ֪ʲôˣЩؿذ֪δԼ
ذȴǻ˻֣˴뿪ˣϾҲûʲôʵԵ֤ݣҲȷʵʲôҪɫص㻹
ʰʰǰȥݼĻˡ
ذһһ㱨֮ĻӼֱظˣֻǸģôһðô£
ֲֻܷܲԸذȰʳȻȥԼµЩˣ̵ЩʳȥΪʲô
ذȥĻֵֶ˼Щ飬ʵͷ۵úܡ
žȻЦ·һ㣬ţϻʵڼԼҲǸû뵽ôһ˳˽͵ʳˣΪĺ庣磬̫ƽ
ǸЦ

ذǱŰݷλδˣһλе̫ҽ
θλη˵һ㲵ӣذŰݷãһλ̫ҽȻϲʤæӭ˽ȥ
ԼүôãĴҲˣֻȫ޲ߣҡͷ̾Ϣ뿪ˣȻ뵽̫ҽǰǻһ˿ϣ
䣬ذŵһŨصҩζλδ˾Ĵϣ۾ɫЩڣǽĶҲûתѹ
̫ҽǰΪϸ鿴һ֮ҲüͷﳤõİҲһԵηѡ
Ƭ̹̫ҽվȻذķ΢ҡҡͷ
η˼״վվȣһ԰æŮæסӡ̲ס˿ûһ취ˡ
ߵߣ̫ҽضذ˵ˣλδʱ޶ֻ࣬һЩϲβҩŶѣϧҲ޼£մοܿλбɥˡ
ذҲû˰취ֻη˿ο䣬̫ҽһͬˡ
ţزҲ޴ӵ֪Ŀľǵôӱķ̽ˡ
ҲһʱԸ˵µ˺ʵ֮󣬱㽫йõʳ˳ǸһɵİոҸĶڣʳ
ھȻѾʵһΣͨһʩУЧҲǳ֮ߡܿڵ㶼ɨһЩ߽߱ǽײɹĵطҲûбӣͬҲɨˡ
ĴҽʦҲо룬Щʱõˮտ֮ٺȣ˲ܳɱˮвд߲
ڳдǰȥĲû𻯣лᷴûôѣִЩ̫ҽҽʦǵĻи
ͨݵķҪﻹҪѸ٣ûã󲿷ֲĲѾȶˡ
ûЩǣ࣬ȴһ˻㱨ղĶʱץס˼ɽˣͶ˴ֻЩʱҶææµµģ㽫Ǽ֮Ժˡ
Ǽλͳ커ʼ̽ѯǻɽ˵ľˡ
ǶΪڷկɽЩ˽⣬ɽͷӱǸʿǰ֪ʲô£ԴһȺֵռһɽͷٹ̶ӣʱɽٸĴ䡣
ɽͶԭʮ˵ɽկҲƣ󵽼ˣǸһﲻСˡ
ٸȻҲɹǰȥ˷˵ģֻûʲôЧϾǵϳɽïܣʿһӣͷӬһֲʵѰٷͽټ
˽󣬺ͳ°ţ˷˿ܣǵƤӵ˷ôЩ꣬˵ʵǿѽǲŵġ
ϾͨȻݣҲһϴˣ˵ؾҲ٣ºģҪһﲻ˵ɽˣǲ練ƣ˿˵عԱ벻ˡ
ֻǲ֪ǣǹٷ˹ᣬʲôͼ
˵ʱ֪ط·ʲôһɫЩԥԥƺвԼʹ֮顣
С˵˵ͨд˱ǱһɽıģѪܵر̧ġ
̧ظûգһغˣʱﱾΪɢԵĻ̻ˣֳôһоµҪԱҲǲѡ
ʵ˵ʵ֪ʵЩ²ģ֪ݱͨкְܲλԼߣȴҪϽơˣͨ¹Աʵ֪ĲϵģֻƽʱԷˡ
ʱͨ˱̧ʱʵ˲²֪µˣֻǾֱֱֶ̫ӣ̫硣
һɽû۾ΪѰС˹·޼ɵֺͨС
֪ݼԽأԼˣȻǱǴģȴв²⣬ҲˡµС֮ˣóôأ
ֻǿϧͨУֵ׳ȴӢţʵź
˵֪صһͳ쵹Щ죬Ͼ֮ǰλϹ˵ԼĸѾȥǱʶΪλͨȾ߲ߵģȴûϵǱͽ
֪Ϣȥϸ׼һǰ
쳵֪⣬ȥɫЩѿȴԼ׵¡
ƽһ򶨵ؿڣԭ֮߳ʱȰ֪Ӵ£Ȼ֪æ񣬽òܣɢʱȴǿƲסˡ
׵˿ǰȥϱ£Ԯ
ֻǺ֪Ϊָ⣬Լһˣ˳ǣȥǡ
˵쳶˶٣ƺԼѾȥĸף۾һٶȿڵ
ױڳǲã⣬һɽϮ˸Ѫֹ
ԸŵĻΣΪ׽ֹѪ˿֮۷˳С
飬ͳҲµˣƾλͨд˲Σˡ
ڰο˶ԷʵϹӿ֪ͨдںδϮ
л˵
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ֻδ뵽, Ϊ͢ԱҲ˶֡
˵λʱ, ɫʹƺḸ׵¡
ͳҲ, ɱͨеɽ, ֮ǰģдžһɽˡ
û뵽ЩӾȻ˵, ˺طԱ֮Ȼɲɽ, ҴͲ¹ٸͨ
Ҳ֪ʲô, ʲô, 
ҵ֮ͨҲȥ˴˴ı˾鿴ı֮ߣǳϸµһһǼǣûб͵˳ȥĺۼ
˿, Щɽĵ, ͲЩ֮ȥ, Ѳ˽˱
ֻ뷨ڳڸص㣬ӶϸѰ̽һ, ȴȻ
ǵץסɽ, ǿ˳Ϣ, š
ΪʦӦԷģǴ˵̽ġʵȱˣʵڣǿ˽ڵ֪֮󣬱ܴ󷽵طȥ
ϾʵҲҪҺͳһֱߣҲʲôֱͣû˶ԷһȥЩ£ܸõطá
ܲЩʲôҲǴһˣܱȸߵһðɡ
֮󺫳ȴУܿ򶨺⣬Ѹٴŵڴ˵פеһֻ飬ǰȥ˷ˡ
֪֮ȻǾȵģǸжŶԷһͬǰȥԱ
ǱͳԴǾܾˣϾֻǸˣóǹǵʱۣԼҲѻס
֪ԼＸ쳣ҲԼʧˣȷʵʺһͬУֻźΪԷУ˺ƺƵسˡ

ҲƽϢˣЩʵҲƵûţһѵô˳ȥˡ
һͬеĻΪ쳣Ͼֻ޹ְпУ˽ʺϵˡ
ͨʵݷǴ˴˳Ƶıط֣ˮʩҲĲÿˮʱڣʳҲҪȸضҪࡣ
ϧǽڸɺ˲٣ߣرֻʱķѾƽϢȥˣҲܼһЩũڵţʹۼճɲãҲһ
γܷյһʮ̧ŵĽϣϷĻǣķñɴɵᣴ£΢΢ҡҷֻԼԼɴʺӰ
ԸŵߣһΪͨݵĸķ羰
ûߵķյǣݿܵľɫҲ˼֣ƺҲµöࡣ
Щʱûʲô˼ѵóһΣȻǲġ
쳴˴ѡһؾɽ羰ɽлݷʢһƬġ
ɽҲͨݵɽˣÿ괺ﳯɽ̤ͷ㣬ϼҴںò֡
·˵صʿҲԸ˵һΣʶʶķ羰ǸԶɽ¾ɫ۵ףֺ֮С
Ը𽲽ɽµ쳣λʦȻҲʮֺģ̲סĶ࿴ۣҲֻ͸ɴʿԼԼӰˣδܵüݣлЩź
ɽķ羰ȻǲģûоȾȻҲȷʵľɽСҲ٣һ۾ֻּܿԵȤ
ɽ»һĺϢżֻ׻ɫˮڵˮţë
ɽɽϣﻹмͤʯʣר޽ΪЪϢõġ
̴ֽѸǰĲߵһһںãݺ˲裬Űȥ
ݻ˽ߵͤ£ƷŲ裬ּˮֻԼԭҲˣЩʱһֱΪЩģлԳ׷һˡ
һԣλʦڴӽ£Щز⻹һۼݵݣǰʹڳ֮ʱҲλصĹʦ
ݵʱ쳲룬ԾʧƿߣͷŽ£û˵
ţòֻ˲еģܳ˵ˡ
ȴ࣬ϾʼΪȡˣŸôһ˽Ŀ޳ĸ߽ģ
˶ѾᶨˣʱҲôţ΢Щˡ
һЩΪ̫˶˵󣬵ΪЩŲɵܻΪҺɵġ
ЩʱԶűĿ˵ӣҲ̫ˡ
һ·һֱΪͨݸ羰оѾ˿ڸ̶ȵ쳣ʾҲºȱ衣
عȴǹлˣ²һ鲼£ʦͬϯ
Ҳ游һдֻͣʱͨмҵĹӣдЩѰȻǴ´ġǰλʦǱµϱȻǲԽġ
Ļȴûлشֻɫƽɶ
£ԵЩǱǵֲѹŶԷл
صͷȻŶԷһߺŲ裬һּΪ𱾵ط羰ʤһЩȤ£׻
ȷʵһ㹻ȤˣʵԷȻЩǼʹѹ£Ҳܰڳһ̹ȻģȻؽһЩȤĻ⣬˾ġ
ݰţڣֻżͷ׻Ӧһ¡
ڣҲҳ˼ĻԾգԵΡ
һʱ򣬾Ȼ˽ݵע⡣
˵ҲвٷأͨҲһƬģɽԶĵط 
֮ǰʦʱҲ֪Լأ֮Щص˰ձ㶼Ƕˡ
ݶЩʵûʲôʵУϾЩҲǰûʲôĸ
˵ЩȤ
ز˹ʦƺԼ˵ĻܸȤؽ飬ɷһͬǰȥ
ݵͷӦ֮ʰö뿪ɽ
ҲȷʵԶ˲Ĺ˱㵽ˡ
ڽϣƿɴʣָһƬأԷ˵һƬȫԼʱ»Щ̫ʵ
ۣӵкöذֱǸˡðݵϵͳͻȻʵС
ȻԼҪȥģǼʹֻܶݵӵôأҲһҸˡ
쿴ϵͳϻһʵĹܣԿһء
֮ǰȻע⵽ܵģһֱûܿչҵܾͱһˡ
µشܣȻ㿴һƬͼԼصһ֣ȥȷʵһƬȽϷֵˡ
ŸһɫС־Щɻ󣬡ʲô
ûͼʶϸ鿴ʱϵͳǱؿˣǽ
û²һϵͳôҲϵʱ򣬽ݲŷӦסˡ
ԭͽ˵µЩռؼĶճε쳣ͻȻʦƿɴʣܷܷϸָ֣ŶһСɽǴأ
ʦʳ⻰ŶԷָķȥ˼һſ˵
ɽɽѾķãֻڰ⴦أҲһ¡
˵⻰ʱЩ󣬲֪λʦΪʲôָֻһƽƽСɽ¡
аԲ²ţѵǾ⴦ɽãв
ȴЩ΢ǻɽһɽ
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˵֮, ĬһȻ洫һ΢ɲЦ, ˷ǻɽ, ˽ɽҲ
仰󣬵Χ˶ϸǶ˵ĶԻҲвˡ
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ɽ⸱ģ˰ţǹʦʲôͨһۿαʵ, ķܿóء
ɽ, ȻûʲôʧΪ, ۾̲סתתȥģҪ¶ĵرҳһ
Ͼ˵, ڵһӾѾ㹻ͨһҵˡ
ȶ, Ҳ, һ˵ǽֹ˽ɵģרɵطٸӪұ㼴տ󳡡
ͭ裬ϼӿƵͬʱֹᳫɣ˳Σɹٸչɹٸר
ϡ٣ֵߣͨ˵ֽĵصڹٸõϣǱչС˽˷أĳЩ׹ϣпɣȡ˰һ˵Ϊʮ֮ҡ
ȻЩ쿪˭ûԼĵ﷢ֽأǲˣǼֻϼӣҲѰԣˡ
ʹͨмҵĹӣиȱƱ뵽ǰԼ²ŵģһƬͷҲɵغ
ͨȻҲǮ˾רŸ̽󣬡̤ڡļ̤ǰ̽ģֻǲδҵʲôֻҵЩͭ뵽˵ؾȻ˱ɽ
ĳ䣬ȴǻʾǿԻسˡϾԼķڳ˽ҲǶݵһпˡĹĶһ㶼ǹӪģοҲûʲôô
˸ոյ֪Ķϲ֮󣬺ܿƽˣժ¥ʵѷ˲ٽΣ챦ҲȱЩ
ʼ֪ҲֻһԼĵϿϡп֮Уײ˴һ
ľٶǹʦĽһУʹ֮ͣΪ֮ĽҲһ԰ˣϡ
ȴûľֻﰵԸ̾ţ̲סͷǴСɽ£һۣɽûˡ
Ȼʧ̬죬λʦһָֽܷǱЩ˵ԵʯɽķʿʿҪöˡ
ţֿʼԼðλЩҡײƭĵᲢۡϾԴӶ֮󣬳ڵĲһӾͻࡣ
񣬾˶Ȭؼˡڽк棬ҲóϷġ
˳֮󣬵֪ϢıعԱǾϲ쳣ʦ֮󣬱ʮ˿ļ̤ԼһЩ֣ȥɽ
Ͼһ˵Ľǿӵпɵģ͢ɿ˰֮ջ񶼹Լ
ǽֻӵЩأķַڴˣҪعԱ𿪲ɣһҲܵõġ
˵õϢ֮ЩԱϲæԱʼ̽ɣ˵ҲһҲӹٸá
ЩԱڻɽ࣬ûмʲôӵӰӣʮ㣬ҲͣЪȥ
ֱڵʮߵʱ򣬼̤ٱط˼ɫһǱպһʯͷ
ʮϲõʯͷĹԱظţǴ˷ʯɫʯ֣һ˺ڽΪ֮ʯ
ļ̤٣̽ʱѭǰ˾飬ҲֻǸʦɹһνǰ˵ھ֮ʱȷְʯķʯһʯͷȷȷʵǽˡ
ĹԱҲʮϲãǰȥʦҷ˴׼ļ֮󣬱ֿˡ

ͳ˳˳ǣûþ͵ִ֮ǰɽ˵ƬӸ
ǲûóȻǰ֮ǰʹ˼ǰ˹˵ı˸ļЩ񶼱ȽϤܱߵ·
ȷɽЩ·֮㽫ֳӣһɽ棬ʱ֧ԮԷЩɽ˴Ӻߡ
һԴӣһóĳǰȥȷɽկжٷͽܱߡ
֮ǰһСͷĿԼֵɽץˣڷկһʱʵĸ̽ˣֻʱü˶ϡ
Щ˸ոΣʶǿҵ̽ĳ򣬺ܿͷЩ˵ټһ˴ֵشһűԱߵѡ
ȷϺܱ֮󣬵ȵĺɫ谵ʱЩѾû˽ġͳҹɫһСˣֽǰЩһһŵˣûзʲô졣
һǸСͷĿļһ˼һֻѵصĶ飬ѸٵؽԼֵܶŵˣֱŵ̲סȲعģȺɷһͰҲˡ
ʵûʲôֻóˣֺҵģϸʵȱˣ㱻˾ټ
˼ֱ﷢࣬ΪԼ˸еģԼҲܹܸʮˣҲǸˣ׼Щʱմþƺòһ£ȴû뵽ԼûãСҪˡ
֪ˣͲôҵƨˣСආҲãڿɺãץ˰ɡ
ͳ죬ͳӥһǰ·
һ˴·һִ˳˲կЩկǵľסص㣬կΣʹñʲô
ʵǵСĺܣһţͰԼ֪ȫ¶˳а˿Լ˵ľ仰ԴͰ˼ҡ
կǰֵͬڴ˴໹ȼŻѣկǰСͷĿǰŬһЦֳѰģֵصֵغš
λ֣˺þƺò׼ǶλһͬԾƺ⣬ʱǿһҪ
ֵصԭ֣Ϊʲôǰ߹۲죬կӣⷬһӾˡ
ȻҲ֪СͷĿǿƨŵְλ⼸տǴúܡȻҲḹ̣һﲻǿƤӹûʲôͣǼȻǺȾƳ⣬Ҳڱǰ˵ʲô
Ҳ¶ЦӦˣ⹧䡣
˵䣬ԭעҲתˣͳ켸˶Ӱﵽ󷽣Ҳ֮ǰķӽǴˡ
ԭһжˮ˳ĺܡϧǣҪǱʱȴһҹҹɽ˿ˡ
ǼһԵɵɵģΪԼû˯ѣһôկǰ˺ЩˣϸһЩϻűǹٸˡ
ѹйٱˣ
л˵
ٹڲɿƶȣʵƶȶͬ
Ƴֹ˽Կɽһʱ˽ɽͭ󣬵ǹҪ˰˰Ϊ20%
ʵйٿƶȣ޶ȹֻɹٸӪͭǦҲɹٷұֻܿһЩҪĿҪȡùٸͬ⣬ҽ˰ա
峯ʱ߾;䶯Ǭ¡涨ٷǼ֮󣬿Կɽ󣬵Ǽ䣬ֲ˽ɣ뿪ɻҪ
ڰʯڡʰš칤涼мأ硰࣬ڸʯʯɫһ˺ڽΪ֮ʯ𡣸ǵɰ֮ˮ֮зʯ
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һ, һӾͰկ˶ˣȻկһӵĵȫ, ɽæóԼı, ɷ˳
ͳһ˱֮ҲšϾ˴ж˳Ǳ룬ȻǼõ, Ѿկǰʹ;˷, ҲǺҪˡ
Щ˻û̷Ӧս״̬ʱ, һȥ, ݵЩ˶Դ
ɽĴǽкԼ, Ҳȼ, һӰﶼˡ
лŨصѪζȻЩٱǳ䲻ҹǰ͵Ϯ, ԵЩ׼ɽ, Щһﻹо
ˣ߲ϵ˵£Ҳûվ
ͳճɽ˵ͷӳϴ
һ￴ȥο, , ŵһѿȥͺܳصĻ׵, һʮ, ڵһĺۼ
ؼ, 忿Լεض˶Է, ֿ׼ʱŶԷĵطȥ
ϴԷĽֱָԼĲʶغһȻһ͵׵׼Ľɳȥ
ȻͳһѹӣܹĹһתֱָ̣̽˶ԷСȡ
ͻľʹʹóϴһζЩվȣ
ǳô˻ᣬƵĺ󷽣һӽߵڵأ˶˵ȥȻһ̤ıϣĲϡ
϶˲ʣϴҪǱЩҲ˼Ѫۣס֮ͷҲɢţɲĵضź壬ȴ
Χ˼ɽͷѾסˣ˴ţѱ׽ãǻ־ܡ
ԭսŵɽˣԼϴѾץסˣʱԥĿյһӾͱΧץסˣϵĵ߷ɣȻץס˶Է
·磬һɽСӣĳ˲ע֮ʱĴСߡ
⶯ȴһǰĵ޿ţһѵϵĶϽ͵˳ȥһǸСӵļϡ
öԷɵ÷һҽУʹʹһӵڵϣҶ
ǰҲ˶ԷĺģƽؽԷϵĶϽѪš
ĮϻմŲ֪˭ѪһһμʶѪȳˣ˾ռߣֻѰѡ
ʹΧŨصѪζĴж֫ʬףҲȫûһ·Ųڴϡ
һԿҲĿ¶죬۾СӹȻǸӡһμʶֳȻ治ɫǵЩ˿ɶ¹ģѸپӦء
ʱѾסˣЩɽһסֽţһԡܿǻѳЩһرĵؽѣһ֪ƽӹ·̶ӵĶƥϣʳ
֮⣬вٶڷɪɪŮˣЩҲǱɽģЩǸɷֵһͬɽġ
ͳҲô࣬ЩһˣȵպʱٽЩ˷Źȥ
ҪĻЩ
ٱǽЩȫսһ׷Щˣı
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ұǸḯˣҲǴ󵱼Ƥ֮ʹüҪȥ
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ϣ˵˵Щںߵɽ
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⼸ȥ̽̽·赭дָ˼ɽˡ
ҵЦһָֻܿµӡ
һɽȻģԭЩ֮ʱߵģȴû˰취
ֻܴǰȥɽ̽·ŵıʿ˳ɽҵڴ˵һ
ͳ췭鿴ıȥɫҺ׿½Ŵıһڣ̶˼
Щɽ˺ܿ㱻ͨݣҲܿõϢļٵǣԼĸ׵ʱʲôǲҪף
һ֮󣬱Ⱥɽ˿е֪ЩȷʵϴĳģҼ۸ܹ
ӦأϴΪһЩ£ᶨʱТԱҲƽ£ס˲˷ˣȡ裬ݻ
쳵׷ʣҲ֮ܿǰ飬̹˵ԭǸֻɱɳȥŵһֻǺ֪Ϊʲôָ⣬סǸүǱҪɱҲС
ԭϴǲͬģֻǸգӦϴǧʵû취Ǿͽⵥӡ
뵽¶ˣһֻ˶˾ˣ̵ģءйɽ̲ס֣˵䡣
һԵˣ˵Ǹ٣Ƕ֪ݡ
̲סۿ죬﷢ݣ޲ðûӰļһﾾж˿顣
Ϊ֪븸ȻϣƽҲĦϾͬΪ٣´˶֣ȴû뵽һﺦԼû
֪˾ʲôѪԹޣ֮ǰҪֱʹɱˡ
һʵĺͳ죬ﵹв²⡣ЩйϢλ֪ͨЩʲôŻᱻڡ
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Ϊ֪λ֪˽ɽ˹ᣬ£
һȴȻ֪ЩǴĶģ
ʹЩɽ˴ӱЩⶼһֽǮһֽģҲ֪ЩǴӺģֻ֪λ֪ˣʹԴ
ϾǵĴ϶кܶ·ȻǷµġ
鵽һȴȻһĪչҲûʲôͳֻȽĽϱȥ
Ļ㱨֮󣬽ȴǵ˵ӣͨڲ󣿡
ȷʵˣ˾ᡣͳһһ۵ػظ
Ǻβ̽һ´˴
ָͼϵһص㣬˵š
̧ͷ˿ȻЩԣһڹʦΣֱӵ˵ͷ
ǡ
л˵
? 42 
ԭҲû, ЩǴĶģϾͳЩѾ鿴˳и, ûзʲô԰ж쵶ֵĵط
֪, ͨʵһûʲôĿɽģҲʲôĿʯ඼Ǵعġ
, ǴҲ벻ף˻˴˿ʯ, Ȼ͵͵˱ķɽⱾ, Ǹ˶İɣ
, ִ֮ǰǸʼĹܣҽͼС, һ, һ۾ͿǷǳ۵ĺɫʶ
ضϵͳ֮󿴹һЩʶӦʲôˡ㷴Ӧ, ɫʶǴ, ʶǺüصһģһɽǺüһĿ
ϡ棬Ŀ, ڴҵƤӵ, ȴһֱû˷
Щ, Ҳ͵ͨΪʲô֪ô, ضȷһ, ȴûϱ, ΪУЩ˼д˱
Ϥ˵صҲ˵⴦صԭֻʮ˼ҵĻƫƧ֪֮ʲôԵʣ˽Ӷȥʧ٣Īֹҥԡ
֮ͱøˣӻԸǶߣ͸ûʲôˣѾûʲô˾סˡ
˵ⷬʱһЩסڱصҲ΢΢˵ͷڸĻϾҲǴ˿˵Եġ
֮ⷬ󣬽ֿ϶˼ԼĲ²⡣ϾĿɲʲôի־磬ĪĹִô㣬סԶЩ˶˵Ҫ˵Ļû֣ǶȻŵġ
ôһضΪڲʲôҪĶ
쵶ˡ
ʾ⺫ͳȥ⴦ص鿴һȻԼĲ²Ѿʮþȣ̫´˵ĻҲûϵ
˵ҲұϢѯʱǷѣʱҲܽͣԼ֪Ǵпѡ
ͳӦ֮󣬲ûԥʱǰȥǴص鿴
һľӲݴǼҲưܵúܣǽߣܲȥƺû˾סˣһĴ塣
ˣǴʮϸز鿴һЩưܵӶȥ̽ˣⶼҹЩѾõĵؽѶˣȴȻûҵκ
һ̽˶Щʧȴû˷䱧Թ֮ԡ
֮ǿʼΧѰµһһҲŹڣĳϸļһһߵɽµ£ȻزһƬڵסĵط̫Ծ
ȻȥԱ߲ûʲôǵȻͬڳˣ׾ܷ֣ЩǱ£һģȻɵġ
ֳֳ֮ȫ֮󣬾ͼڵסģȻһһͨɽ
ⷢһӾͰ˵ע˹ɫܣȫû֮ǰǷƣӣӵúܡ
ѹӣһ⴦ɽԤУ棬ҪҵĴ𰸡
ɽխСҲϡúܣãû϶ã㷢ǰ⡣
ɽ֮ԭ˶ŵǰͻȻʲôĪļһȴûϵӳľһƬƽ̹Ĳݵء
Ȼûз½Ĵ鿴ţȻƽǰԶһЩﴫ
ԽӾ裬һһǰȥǰȥ鿴ߵǽ
ȻǱ㿴ƽǰһӣȻɣӵɢ仹¯ӣľ̿ķ䣬Լм쵽һ벢δ͵Ľ
һ֪ضЩĳˣһӸЩʱǵĹûа׷ѣҵ⴦صˡ
ǴһԵĽȥ鿴ӵ׵廹۾ؿ˽һزصӰѸٵرסǸӵļһ
˼˶࣬ŵʮ㣬һӹڵأе£СĴˣȥʯͷ
ͳüͷ˭ʲôģ˭ģ
˿ͷĵһ룬ⷬʻЩŵ̧ͷһۣȷͳ첢ԼǼ֮ԵЩɲʵʵؿڻشˡ
СׯǱλ˴˴æڿġ
ǰЩ˾ʲôݣػҲСĽĺܣе
ׯͳ룬ȴûʲôӡ󣬻⸽ĳСӰɣ˴㣬Щˣ
⣬ǿȻɫ䣬ʻӣ˼֪үĴģ
Դӱƭ˴ҲδȥˣֻطûЦ⣬һľĵȴܷԼˣԼһؼȥ
ǰ￴ȥǹٱģļһ֮ǰЩ˲һģȻĻһǶ¯Ӳܣ϶Ҫġ
ǣȻǴӾġһ»ظЩͷĽͰ͡
⻰ȴһ¶òϲģҲϷģЩ˿϶Ǿүǰǵġ
һӹڵأ޺Լ˵ľһͬ
ƭļһһֱЩˣԼ
ЩʱҲ֪Եɣ⴦ԭǸȷֵģԭΪȥܵõЩͽ
ȴϵ֮Щȫ°˽ڿɿĿˣֲƭ˽
һߣǲܣÿһʱգʳˮ
ֻǰЩӲ֪ΪʲôʳˮļһöǵҲڶϾɽﻹвҰҰܳ伢ġ
Ҳ²ǳʲô飬ԭҲô˻ܵģֻһǲȷ߿صǲҲˣЩ˱ƭ˴ʱ򣬶۾ģ뿪;
Щ˱ãû˼֮ǸǽϵĻҲȫͣˣٶ͵
˴ԭֻһû뵽ͼЩˡԭȥŵģȴۼĺͳץ˸š
ΪûðͷЩǵļһˣŻŻŵظġڵ֪ͳǲȺһĻǾʱʶ뿪ʱˡ
ƽ޵鶼ǣסĴȣȴһ˹ȥ
ͳ찵ţܰһжˣ⴦ԭǴֵģȴǶ֪ݰ²͵°ڴ˽
ֻǲߣһҲƲ˾ˣֻﲻܣЩغʳˮȻҲ֪ȥˡ
ǰһ֪һǲˡ
˵ùǺܵùҹȴƭһСģû֪ȴҲˣЩ߱ʱûƽȹһ⡣
ã֪ˡͳĻ֮ҲȥǱԳȥˡ
л˵
? 43 
֮, ͳǾ˳˴˴ĿԼǡ
ЩɫڣƲϼ, һȥ, ҲǱˣǾ͵ͷͷ
ع֮, һСּϵóЩΪŰ֮⣬󲿷ʵ, ֻ֪ԼĪ㱻ץͣظɻ
, һѯʹ, ҲܿŻ˼ȥ
Щ˵ָ£һӾͰЩȫЩһﻹǸող, ΪԼȥû¶ʲô, ᱻҴص˸λϼ, ȴϱͻȻץס, ˴
ԭЩ˻Ʊ磬ڼʵ֤ݺ֤֮ҲƿԣΪ˼, һҧһذ漰ļһȫʳ˳
յ֮, ذҲŪȥ, Ҳ֪ΪʲôԼĿˡ
Щ󹤺͹˵ҲаˣÿĵʳҪ, Ű˳ƽ, ͵͵˳һ֡
һʱʵ, ˵λ˾ΪˣΡ
ͳҲԼ鵽һһĻӣ˵׮׮֮󣬵̲סЦһ
˵֪ݵӿ治СԭֻΪǸСµļһŻ֮ʱܣû뵽Ȼô£ǣǲ֪һǵ̰ƣ췴ɣ
ңⵥһ˵⣬˵ͷЩʲôһأ
ûмȥҲҪĵ顣
ȻҲӺͳе֪ȥоԼڿʲô΢˽üһµͳһ
ãϵǺܴ󣬷Ѿ¶ˣô֮Ȼ˸̽ץˣҲһˡ
ֻǿЩץȥĹǣֱͻҶ񱻽˳Ҳ˸ý֡
֮ЩµĹԱСǣɱǻؾʥϣʥϾ֮󣬲žǵҪɱҪš
Ͼ˵һҲ˲ٹ٣ôһȥҪճְλʱְĹԱ֮󣬹ƾҪִЩˡ
һʵҲĲˣЧҩ֮󣬴˴ȬĲ˲ӣ񼸺ҲѾˡ
Ǳ׼ؾˡ
˵صĹԱȻǶ׽׽ùϵ缸֣ڼʶԼЩͬŶ֮ⷢţ޲Щǡ
װ£ֻȥҲû˼Ще磬ܿǾ׼뿪ˡ
˴εĶЩ£ĵһˣλͨмҵĹӣ쳡
˴뾩һΪ˽Լ׵ĹǻҴȥءϾϼұұǾңȥȻҪؼУġ
Ϊ׳飬˵ԭίԼԭΪɽ˶֣ȴû뵽ǱǶ֪ݰɱ֡Լ˴뾩ȻҪΪֻع
˼ܿصݣڴ˰գ֣ҲѾĶúãʰðżСȥͶ֣ˡ
Сδʼߴߴ֣ǣϾǻδ뿪ݣ˶ط漫ˡ
֣һȻƣúܣ۾ȴ񣬷·ҵķ
ûҪβĲҲڵУʮµظЩСЩŹŹֵֹԼָǡ
ʵһЩСʤ棬ݲ̫˼Сʮָ˵Լߣϧ
ȴǿԼϵһͿŻżЩȻСС˵ⶫҺ
仰һӾ˾סˣ֣Ҳһƣ԰ͨҲĺܣ˵Ƕˡ
ȥЩգȷʵˣôû뵽ͨǶҲпأ
֣ҲЩ˼Ͼȥͨһˣ춼æתġԭҪǶΪ̽һϢġ
ֻǺ̫࣬æûʱ䣬һƣֱڲ
ҪҺ뿪ȥͨݣĸĸҵ֮ǻϡ
֣һ˼ţһ˵Լ뷨ϾѾʻݣȫȥֻȵͷس̣ԼٽŸǡ
⣬֣ЩԥϾô·;ֻˣЩΣˣҲȫȷͨʿҪ˵ɡ
ֻƾһż˾˾ϣЩˡ
˴һλϹӣͨˣҪѰһ飬ǲ˼Ҷ͵С
֣Ȼ쳲̫ϤڸԼʦʱ򣬻Է棬˵Ϲ仰ġ
ǰϹӸϵϷ˲ʦǰȥβģһЩҩ
νӴҲλϹȷʵǸĵزĺˣơԼһ飬ܳɡ
ҶԷϾͨмҵĹӣȻԳڹԱ̼˽øΪϸܱǰȥûͷûԵҪõöࡣ
֣Ľ֮Ҳ뷨ΪЩͬˡ
֣ǱŶ;ЪϢʱ쳵ĳܸ
Է̵ҲȻϳλ̫ҽͽܣ˱ʮڵظ֪˹ӡ
ŶԷ¶º͵Цλ֣̫ҽµĵӣҿȥΪأ˵պҲܳΪһŮҽ
ʦΪԼĸ׺һ쳶̬ȼΪơ
֪֣ˣкιɣ
֣ǳһ񣬲ſ˵ʵˣһ¡
Ȼ㽫֪˶Է˵öԷæͨݲ鿴һǷ˼Ҽж͵Ů
Լ͵ʱɫ΢ȻԷἰϵɫʱ򣬸ЩƲסԼ
ǰһ鼤˵ܷҼ
Ȼ֣˵ЩϢ֮ѾȷˣлЩۼԷԼŪˣջϲһ
֣Ǽ⸱ģҲЩ󲻽⡣ȴǺܿ췴ӦԼЩʧˣԷǸ֮󣬲Ž
ʵС㻽ǰЩӸͻȻˣģһʱô˹Сá
˵Щʹļס
ǰͻȻˣûȥˣʱ֪˭ˣĸ׽֪جģҲһӳŲסˡ
ֻʣһܳסµģܴҲֻվǿűʹΪװź£Ѱ˴Ϊĸ׿ȥõټϧȴ
ͨݳԽѰ޹֮ҲֻʱȽڵ˵
˴뾩Ҳ游常Ԯ֣ȥѰá
ȴû뵽Լ뾩;У֪ܵϢʵϲЩţԼˡ
֣ĽͣҲЩ죬ѵľǰλϹӶʧˣǿ̫ˡ
ȻҲϣҵˣҲϣλϹܵóԸġȥڵ
ۼݵʱ쳻Щţԭزǰۼ⣬һͷȻ۾˹
磡
л˵
? 44 
˵, ܵԷʵĴ֮ȷǰԼĸ, Լ롣
ڻЩ, 磬ҵ
ȻЩ·Ǹģ, ֪Լ˹ߣҲ֮, Ҳû޴롣
ԼϵĶ֣ףæѰԼˡﲻǲµġ
ֻЩ˷ӹ, ʹ޺ȴûеκλӦʱ, ֪ԼֻЩƵ, Լ˲á
˺֣ͷȥ֮, ҲûԿ޺Ŭѧϰôȥ
ʱ뿪, û˻, Ҳһҹ֮·ɳࡣ
ֻէȻδˣίһӾӿˣЩʱĺ»ַ̿·ˮһкȥ̲ס޳
ۿҲЩ, ȥЩ˵, ȫûºͶ˷, ̬ס
һĸͬǶҲ׽, ȻǼġ
˭ϵͻ, ˱̧ظ, жģд˳ô˻Ὣ°ߣĸ˴֮Ҳزڴ
ԭļ֧ͥ飬ĸҲϴһӾʧȥˡ
Ҳֻһߴ񣬰οĸףһȥѰټȻûͣѰõ뷨ĵʵв֮С
ʱڣЩߵĺͨ˵һϾЩ˷ӾͨټѰôҵһСŮӰ
ҲʮǰĳλɼеӣǳʱΪչܲˣʹλһ˴ȥңҲû׷
ҵʱûܵһʱҵЩ˷ӣʱȥôã㹻ЩһܵúԶˣĻ͸ҵõӰˡ
ʹˣлǱϣܽ常֣ȥһá
ȴûϵþȻԼһڻؾĶʵ־ϲЩز
ϲڽʧȥ˵Ĵ
ҲףԼҲˣԭಡĸף˼أҲȥ
񻹺ãһˣ˱һ쳲ɿö˿ʼ
ƽ̫ˡ
˵ţ˻ͨݵĸףԭ͸׻ؾĸҲһͬеġֻ϶飬ĸʱգת֮ٻؾ
ϢɵÿԸԼ̵һˣǣһƥس̣ǰȥĸס
ҲСʵĸ𣿡
ǣֻĸЩʱջؾʱܼˡڰš
ĻЩǵɫҲչˣʼ˵ԼЩʱյ
ȻЩģ쳻ˣʼ˴ʱԭֻڴ˴Ъŵģȴ˲֪ΪΣִ
ڳͷΪһ·ǰ˹˲ע֮ʱˡֻСֲ֪Լںδ޴ȥűйʳ֣ͷˡ
쳲ɵöǸزʶүм֮飬Լû˷ӵĶ֣Ҳ֪䵽ȥˡ
֪λүΪǳѾźҲеźȻʮض˵ǵʱǼҲΪһλ˾Ҵȥ鰲Ϊλһյơ
ʹ˵ͷȻദʱ䲢ãҲ֪֣ͷȷʵǸˣȻҲôຢˡ
֮¹ڣʮ֣صس֣֣һ
лλЩʱչʵǷˣ˴ġ
˵֮ȡϵһװӣȻݸ˶Է
ЩǮ˵࣬е١ǵЩͶСûʲôһӣʵ˺ۡ
ŸЩ൫ֲӣˣһӻһСӣǴ´ࡣ
֮ЩѰЩƣȻҲǻæǣߴŵġϾǳǣزģԼǵİЩҪõöࡣ
֣֣ȴǱ⸱Ӿסˣһʱ仹Щ޴롣ܿϣȻǸ˵ģֻͻȻλӵĴʵЩҵ
Ҳ̫ˡ֣ûоܾл񣬾Щ˼ϾϤ֮ʵҲѶԷԼСÿˡ˶ԷĽߣҪҵ˵ġ
񷴵ԼײˣʵҲǵĹ͡ЩȻһסʵҲĲ˶ӡ
ȴʮֽƵǰǾǱľˣЩʵ㲻öࡣ
ȥǣҪݴö࣬ЩҲһȼü֮
һƾ֣ܺӡ
ʵ֣ͷıǰҵˣȻһǮֻദþˣͷҲˣҵˡ
ֻǼ˳ϿңһԵ۾ģҲߴЩ£Ų˼ؽӡ
ԭ˵Ƥ¶⸱ģ֣ǺͼСһԶ̲סЦţȻ֣һۡ
ΧһˣҲ¶һ˿Ц⡣
֮·;УȻŸǻϢʱȥ֣ǱߣǼСߴߴģ֪Щʲô
Ҳͬ׽࣬ҲϾʱǽз飬Ƕ༸˽⣬ʱ˾ǣҲÿЩס
ؾ·ûϱʲô£һ·˳ĺܣǺܿ㵽˾ǡ
뾩ǻһصʱǾԶԶˣڳŹʱڹԱǡ
վǰٹǰģĵۺ̫ӣЩʹУ֪ݺͨЩʱˡ
֪ҩˮĴ֮ŹʦЩȻӦϾԼۼʶλչ񼣵ӣʦóʲôĶǶôˡ
ֻǺŻ֮£ʦһٶȻˣϱ˻īϸշĳԼԼ֮顣
Ȼֻ֪޲ĳԹʦŷͶأ޲ԼҲۼһľ
ֵ֪֮λ̫ҽڲһµʱƳߵҩӣǸϲ飬ʦӣٵĽչʱ˶İա
ǱصߣҪ˴룬ƽϢ
ȴֻ˲µʱͽ˴£һʮ֮ߵڣ˷Ṧΰҵǰδţֱɿʷ
֮˶ԹʦӾأ֮ʤ
ʵҲѾ֪֪ͨ˽ɵЩ飬͵ʳ˽˴ļɻ䣬ֱǵöҪˡ
֪֮ȻʮַŭѿģϾ㿴еӣŻᱻ֪ͨݡƽҲֵĺܣ֪Ȼĵ
֮ĵּ̲ͨѰ񿵣Ҫ׽ù鰸
ǰĶʻţ˳ſڣȻóŴʵۼڴ󳼸ͬؿڡ
ӭʦ
л˵
? 45 
, ̹ȻǵһأȻЩɵ, Ҳû˱˼
˽, ˭˸ôΣʱȥһ˳Ч̶һ¾;ôˡ
ĵͱ칦ϯ, ֻȶ, Ϊʦӷϴ
ϯϣĵ۹ؽó, 뽪, Ե˼һʹŰĳҲûκ, һӦӡ
Ҳǽݵһ׿Ӧµϯ, ЩǰĹԱǣȻĿŵ, ȥǸԵ̸ͬЦ, ʵϴҶźۼ͵͵һۡ
ϾЩƽҲûʲôܽӴʦλʦճժ¥Ҳܹǵİ
лܽӴȻǰ಻ס, ˵ӡ
ϰ, ԵࡣϯϵĲɫḻ, ĲƷһͱȱ˾࣬Ҳȷʵڡ
ǹ, Ĳɫζʮ, õĲҲϡޱ, ۱ǧģȷǳ
ЩĿζҲû־ϲˣұϾִȱζϡ
˶ϲ嵭ϲؿζ˵˼ζ
ֻǳ˼ھͷ˿ӣֻһԹصЩԼάĻҲֻ΢΢ף𻰡
ҲòסЩǰҪǰ̸ˣʱҲ⣬ǰð־˶Է
˶Խ˵ϯڵúܣûʲô
ϯϣݻǵһολӵĸҲǼ̺ʺĵԱߣȥʮֶׯ󷽣ֹõϻº͵Ц⡣
ԼԼ֮ǰ˵δĶӺӡ
䲻̫ӷ绪ǹĸòܲĵ۳Ҳ˶˳໹㿡ʣҲʲôϯҲԵýжȣֻоλƺ࿴ۡ
һԵĵ۵ûֻ˵һмʦԮ֣֮ĹûʵĻݺܸӵػ˼䡣
ϯЦ⣬Ͼôһ˭ʵǴ𣬲Żή֡ǻʵʵ£Żʹǰ
ܲϲأ
ϯϴʱ䲢ãˣ̫ϲôĳϣڣЩҲӦúܡ
лĵ۵֮˻صժ¥
صԼľ֮ų׷ڵľЪϢȥˡ
Ȼϸ˵ʵҪ˯ߣЩʱһֱǹЩ飬岻ۣҲ۵úܡ
ʱˣϾ֮ǰͨݵʱǵЩˣЩ˵
ڿ԰鶼ˣҲúܡ
ڴϣһ߱ĿһµؿʼϵͳСȸ
лᣬ԰ҶһЩóˡ
ߣʵóˡ
ϵͳҲúܣʼıҪôóأ
ֱ͸Ǹʵ𣿡
ǸһЧƶԷ
ʵûã˵һ顣ȻֱͣĻԵҲ̫ϸˣǵҸʱǡ
ô˵ǺأҸĿ涫
ֿʼ²غϵͳʲôطʲôЧźá

ϯ֮ĵЦʺ˹ֻԷ˼䣬öԷЩЪϢԼҴ뿪ˡ
ʺǸº͵Ц⣬·ԶǸ˵ģƽ͵ؽĵͳ˵
ת֮󲻾ãõµ˵ĵԾȥƻķƹľ
⻰ʺ治ɫ·ֻһЩҳһؽ˴˳ȥ
ֻʣԼĸɿ˽ձյ֣ڣûж񿵵Ϣ𣿡
ǡһźֿڵ̲ҲĴǲҴĵҡ
׾أϼǱ߿ȥҹˣ
ţĸҲ֮ǰˣֻʣ޶ʱ޶һͬߵģҲûϢ
ǱǱҲȥţҪ˷ˡʺɫƽضϵĲյһڡ
ǡһԵӦ֮˵ߴˮӣĽһСֽݵһƹ·ģͷ۵Сϡ

һĵȥƻڡƹѾԡãбϣյΪָϵȾ졣
ģɳޣׯ󷽵ʺȫͬ͡
һ˫Ŀ˿ʹƳһۣҲ˾к·һֻӣ̲סȥ
бţ̬ӣҲ˾ûȻɣһС
ߡ
һĵۣԼǿʮָˣȴûһӭƮƮתһȦתͷȥһ
ĵ۵ûΪӸеãϾϰƹӣСӣȫԼģҲԼš
ǰ§ڻߣҲȥһأʵǲа
˵ľΪʦӷϴϯᣬƹһͬϯ
ֻǽƹԭѾѡΣ׼úôһȴͻȻ֪ܳϯ
ȻⲢı⣬ЩʵǰҪ˵ҪĳϣʵۻʺһͬϯΪԵӡ
ҲֻӰˣܱȵϻʺ
⻰ʵЩ顣ϾϯʺȻǻϯģǺƹһֵġ
ϾʺׯȣЩ飬὾ݣʵûа취ŻӦġ
ֻǹʦϾݸ߹⣬ϸһ룬ҲôϹƺЩҲ˳ˮ۴Ӧ
ڵǰЩȫƵȺĴͷϡ
ĵ۵֮ƹ˼Ȼ޹ǵؿϣЩίؿڡ
ôµأҲ֪Ӧúͻʺһͬϯģֻǳ̫ۼλʦ
ƹ΢֮ʮţﻹ˲ŮʿרΪ
֪ʦЩ֮󣬱һֱȻҲǱżϣӶԷϼֵ㲦ܵõʲôɵ
ǲϷõʲô㲦һ̨״ԪϾ˵˵ûʲôô
ƹֻţʲôٻò֮ˮɵǾٺòˡ
ǺᣬԵóɫ˥ǲˣ˵˵Ŀᣬ·һء
һӾĵ۲ѣʼذο
뵽ǻʣһŵɵ֮Щ飬˵ʲôֱˣתʼŵԷһЩȥԼ˽
ЩһӺƹϲЦտڻָݵģ
ѾӺһλСʮͣȥɷǳã·Ůһ𪣬͡
ĵۣȻ֮ǰɵȥϵļҲʮȣ˼֣˵ʲôƹҪᡣ
л˵
˼еæ
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ؾ֮, ժ¥Ӿ͸ˣ̶̼, ŷյİѾൽԽһСӶˡ
δյӦ, Щɺ١Ͼ˵ûлӦģ˻Ӧټ, ǲײ˴ˣҲ
⻹С, ϾЩҲᵽϣһֻҪӲŻǰͨһ, ЩҲûĵ̶ֳ, Ҳȫܾˡ
ֻԴͨǱߵϢ֮󣬱ͶλʦĴ֪, ľǰ, Թʦ͸ŷˡ
˵صҲݵݣЩٺ֪Ϣ, ﴫҩʦ, Ҳܵ˺ܶ˵׷˶һؼұƽа
ҳиԣ֮Ҳʼ˻֮ףЩӵвƸλ˵, ԼǷһ, ԼܷԼĲƸȥ, Ϊص¡
ǻʱߣ˱ϣԼʹ˵ȥ, Ҳ㹻Ǯ䱦, գ۱˳ƶ֮ˡ
֪ȷʵһ֮, Ƿ·õʲô϶һ˶˷฻Ҳʼƻ£ò͵ĹǮЩ䵽˴ǣ·һҹ֮䣬Щ˱˴ˡ
ϾЩʵҲ֮ˣҲֻתӦķˣֻЩϾֻһ֮ʣ˭֤תͶ̥֮˵أ
ǶֻǱŽŽɵ̬ȣ£ЩǮȨοˡ
ôۼЩֻȥˣһйʦԣ˵ֻлʹЩϴȥ߲
ⲻ˵ˣϹֻ֮˵ҽǻӰ쵽ġ
ڵõϢ֮฻̱㲻ǸŰɵӣһӾʼŬ£Ϊ˳졣
ЩԭѾùײĵ̫үҲ⣬ԸԼҪԻ֮ʱԼĹǻ̳Ĺؾͺá
׮׮ȥԵýݵŸΪҼһܽϼʦйصĹ£Ȼܶһʮʮ٣Ѻྶͥˡ

һգݴ뿪ժ¥һȥ͸͸磬ϾЩʱֻڳʵЩȤˣѾóֵķԣʱϲʡ
ȥĵصǳһĵׯϣ羰ҪǣﻹʮĶȫ¡
ֻΪʦͬʱҲӣЩЩţ˲žǰƧ徻
˰ȥûգ̫ӱǰǵǨ֮ϲҲΪǸ⼸ʵҲѾúþЩⷢ̽ļһȫôһǰ˴
Ͼȷʵûܼʱע⵽ŸʦЩ鷳ʵĹֻϣʦҪŭźá
ȴǸûע⵽Щ£̫ӵĵǸһʱ֮仹ûл֮ûôǶֶ̫˼͡
û뵽˿ȥһ˷º͵ӣֶȴµǺѸ١
ôͽһ֮󣬶˵Ҳʲô¡
ϾֵЩչֳȽºͣЩ˼ʹΪ˽Ҳʶؾ񣬼ʹ˽Կ̽Ҳᷢŭ
ôһ֮ЩԺҲ̫ӣԹʦ༸־ηˡ
˽ֻǳ΢΢ҡͷȻ̫ӳţǰȥƬũׯ
̫ӿȥƺЩԣǻǺܿӦˡ
ũ֮УݿԶĵũͣµֵӣ˼Ƭ̣š
̫ӿ֪ũ£
֪һ
һµ̫ȻȥƽͣлЩţ·ǰĳλ̫һ㣬Ҳ˵Լ˽öǫúܡ
֪ĶΣ
ϸ˼ţŽػظһĶȡڲһ׶ʯ
Щײڰ˵Σ
̫Щƿԣʲôã֪µˣȻֻ̫ӣûֳ£ǸµΪΣͽ۶ʱȥйԻ
ˣϳЩʳĶЩ˶ʢ˼˵ÿ꽻㹻ĸ˰֮Ҳǿάѡ
ޱ֣Ҳƽ֮꣬ÿΪԲġ
̫ɫЩ֮֮󣬽ݵͦģϾΪδĵȻܱ֤еܳԱǸñһ֮ĵġ
οҲֻ֮꣬سɼɣмֶΣЩ֮ģѾǷǳϸĻʵˡ
̫ӵ֮ʱʳ࣬Ӹ˰أ
⻰̫ӵûô֣̿ϾʵĺܲϲŰλӴǰЩʮּɵӣ֮ʱԼĺһһǸʵһ
˵ϣ̫յĻĵ۶ʵҲɵ̫ӵġ
Ҳǿһ㣬ȷʵλţӢ̫ӣŻѡҲ˳Ϊһơ
ϾĵȻˣʵ㲻Ǹûʵֻۣ˵Ƚƽӹ̫ӲֱȽϳɫΪЩĻʵۡ
˿Ƚ֮£ԼΪΪˣѡ̫һλǰ;δΪһ㡣
ʦʻ̫֮ȴǳĬһδļ⣬ȻиУ˼һ֮ſڻӦ
ˣ˰Ȼǹ¿Ա֤ӿԵ˰Ŀ˰֣ܣʹܳϱ
Ȼûֱ˵ԼһӸ˰ǽݿеľģҲе⣬Ȼ˵ͷ
ˣá
̫ȴЩԣĵȴʲô²⣬ȴţֻһ߷һ߰ʲô
ȻǸˣվԭأ̧ӣһӣһ̣̫ԼȺ̵̴ӻǣԶҰЩũǣۼ˴ȴľ
ƺӰ»Ž⡣ֱǷɵǰЩ˲ſ壬ЩȻɫķϵĽҲ̫ҫģϵë·չ˿֯Ͷһ㣬ޱĿ
ЩŽķֱֱس⴦·һڴˣһЩ̲סЩײԼǰ
ֱЩüʱǲŷ֣Ǻ񶼵ʲôͬҲŹâǿʲô
Щǵǰͷ·ʲôȻɢһƹ⣬ڴˣϵصͷ£Ȼɢ
Ļãֱһֻôų򣬷˴ȴûֱӷʲô̧ͷΧһۣƳǻһ㣬̫ӵķλ˵ͷɢ
Ȼʢһ˲ʧǿ۾ЩŹâķƴδֹһ㣬ûټ
ЩɷĶҲȥ˽⣬չֳԼʵӡ
ԭƽ̹ϣͻأѻɵĵȣڵϣһƽ·
л˵
Ķο͵ġگʮ¡֮ÿĶ׶ʯ
Լġִ顷һĶȡڲһʯ
ҲˮĶԼΪʯĶΪһʯ
ʱڵһʯ491Ķ0.9Ķ
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ɢȥ֮󣬵ϵĶȻѾû˼ӳ, ȥԵʮͨ, Щ˻ǲⴧ⣬Լªţ˿Ц
һֱĻԾؿʵ
ȻҲ, ǵȡȥѰĲ޲ͬȻڿʲôĵط, ǹʦģض䲻֮ͬ
һʵѼ˵, Ͼǿۼľ, ЩЩ̲ס뿪ѯʹʦ֮ǰЩʲô, Щʲô
ջû˸ǰ, Ǵлع̫ȿڣɫӹǫѷš
֪ʦɷ֪, ʲô
ݿһ, ЦһŻص֮ǰ˵ȶѡ
˵, ˿ȥƺЩ, ղǷԻ, ƺԼ˱Ĳ²⡣
ֻǶ˵ֻԼ뷨еЦ, ȻﳰЦԼ, ֻ֪, ԼﻹǱôһ˿˿ϣ
ĵвͬ㷽ŵ˵ĻôЩԼĶʮʯϡ
仰󣬵ȴЩըһ죬һӾڳ˶ֲסԼ򶨣̫Ӷʧ̬·Լʲô췽ҹ̷
һЩӵļһ̲סȥСץһСѵ֣϶ˣֻϸƣҪ濴ʲôһ
ʮʮʯ̫˵Щͣ·˵ʲôĶһȷǼ֣ǻ̲סٴοȷš
˰ɣʦ˵ʯءڳ˶ԣʯҲѾ˷ҲǸջˡ
Ȼƺɫɵص˵ͷ϶ʻ
ȷ̫֮ӺŰѻ˶̲ס˸ؿڣ·Ҫѹ¿һڴڴϢȫû˻ҵ̬
ǿţмѾԾݹȥﺬỨһЩȥЩħסϵĵȿţ֪ʲô
ǰĹʦƺûע⵽Щ˵ʧ̬һѰģ̫ӣ˵ˣ̫ӿɲҪ˽ŵĻ
˵գȻȥˡ
ֻЩƺûлعȻһ֪ϦϦãȻģʧöҪӭʦ
ʲôǵˣֻڻصţʮʯʮʯ
ûע⵽Ǿ仰滹֣Ͼ˵ʮʯѾǸңɼˣǸФ
̫ǻ˺һѹȻɫ˽ɢЩȫ£һҲ٣Լµרż졣
ȻȻֱЩ̲סţϾǹʦİֶΣ˸߲ĵ֣Ҳǲܡ
̫һԼոյʧǣʦǾ仰ֻ֮ǻеԵص˵ͷʵûҪ͹ʦʵǲá
뵽һ˽Щȫʰãа©ԼǴǰȥʦػظȻԼյĳŵ
µһСؼŵϵĵ֣߽߱ǽǵĵطŹƬɨøɸɾģ˲ʣһ
Щôװŵȵ˾͸Сˣ޲ϸ㣬ٺú÷ŵȥ³ʲôֱñԼҪҪ
һЩӻаţ񼣣ֻ̫ڳǷ˵̫춼ϿɵδʦﶼԸóĶи¶˾ģպһҪ̫ӣһɾ
ûô뷨ֻǶЩȣɵóδʳֵľһЩ˻Լĳǣ̲סĨ
ԵļһۿͨӣҲֻļ̾
Ҳ֪˼Ϊ꣬˺üܵãĸףԼֱߣǱׯͷ˻Ż
Ļǣܻڣʳ㲻ȫˣпڷԣȥġ

ׯϣķ羰ȷǳһƬɽɽ»һ峺Ϫˮʮ£żּܼ伸ֻСԾţҰȤ
ׯϻ˲ٻƿĻ껹ŷƮϣǳĻȼѬ㣬Եá
ݽǰ̫ʹˣϾҲǺҪѵЩ
̫ȻҲôģȷϹʦȷʵûʲô֮ǿ̼˸ˣؾȥЩֵġ
ׯڰҲû˻᲻۵ڿԷһˡ
оղŷӵúһ㰥š
ûúܺղǸιȶĳǺܰ𣿡
ǵģղЩȫͶӰĻ󣬰ЩŽİŵķŹĵ֣Ǽ
ֻŽʢ˸ʱϵͳûֿȫ˳Ÿһ
óֵ֣ϵͳĽʵԶԶֹЩǿǵŴũҵ״ʩʵǱȲִġ
˵ûִЧĻʣԼ߶Ȼе豸ȽˮʩҲͬ
ˣδĸ߲ŵҲ˵߲ȫ̡
ˣ˵Ķʱ򣬻ǽ࣬һӾͰѲֻ֮˵˴Լ֮һĳ̶ȣʹڹŴԲ߲ʳ˵Ҳһܿŵˡ
Щ֮һԭأ񱻶סһ

һߣ̫ʹһ䵾ֻص˻ʹʮеرȥ˸ڵĹûüһ·
ķԸ£û⴫ȥׯԭЩƫƧĵطǸ쾰ʵҲ࣬˼£Щ˶Ҫؿƿʱܽ˵ȥ
֮ĵۣʵ̫ǽЩ̫ӵģֻ֮ǰǸʵ̫ջˣʱǻĺܣּߴ̲Ǳ߿ҵ˵Ϣ
ԭѾЩƣĵۣ̫ӻع֮ŽȫԷԼȥϢϢ
ȴûϵԼһ̾ʹ̫ӿһʵǺĻ
һվڵﲻסתȦȦǴԼ׶ӿе֪λʦ񼣣ˣͽ˵⻰ǲˡ
һӾˣ̲סЩӣ뿴ЩĶʮʯĵ־ʲôӣǲʲô֮
ڼЩֺѰȲ֮ȥЩʧܿ죬ֵ̬ɼúܣͽǲȥվܿճɡ
ĵۿŵڵ⼸䵾ȣЩ̰Ĳ㣬ˣٶЩֱӷַȥũֱӰЩȥͲõճˡ
Ȼ뷨ܿõֹ̫ӿֱɣʣΪЩȻǸѡط֣˸֮ٷַƹȥǡ
л˵
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̫ӵĻ֮, ĵǲŴӷŵĻлعһ
ȻŹʦԣЩȷʵôߵĲ, ʵ, ЩʵǲҲֻȵܽ㹻ӷַȥ
뵽, ԭȵһӽ˲¡˵Ҳǣȷʵܼ, ǵúúһǡ
ˣܿ˽ͻ鼸˶, һͬ¡
, ˵һͬȲҪϢȥǵõһճ֮, ʱ˵Ҳ١
Ҫ˵ȷʵŽݵ, ϾôЩǼЩֶ, , óأ
ֻǴʵ¹ش󣬲һ˿Ҳðһա
鴫˳ȥ˶˴, 󷴵ˮһ, ǲ˶˸Ц, ʵʼϣӦزǡ
ն³֮, 鵹ʲôһ, , ڵ΢ǵãʦƺǽգ
ѹԼĻᱻ˭һϾһ˵ǲֱģѰ˶ǳƺŵġ
ĵϸһȻ˵ͷȷʵˡ
ʵӡҲǺˣֻǵùʦǵĸµӣĵ̫
ԼĳӣһԲѧƣʱı˵伮̽ٵʱһĵĹص鼮ʵǸա
ϲλְ˾ũһְ
Ϲ֮ʱλũϱǽգڽˮǽ졣
ңũ𢣬ĸۢŮͬҲǽա
ʦǶˣҲԨԴζ˵
񻰴˵ڴʱʵûԳϵΪ֪黹ĳ֪Ĵ˵ȻԵʱ˵ֻ飬ҪСǸĿ֮ͯһӾ뵽Ǳ顣
ǰ֮ҲǼΪ죬ʹǱȺ࣬Ҳû˵˵
˵ˡ
ĵһ߰ĥţһ߿ͬ
ϾڹʦְʵҲв²⣬ֻһֱ⣬Ҳ˵ͨˡ
ʦӦ˾ũְ֮ôʢ񳯼ĴţҲԽˡϾ֮⣬ľӦҲƹܣȻҪǰݼġ
ǰЩӰ˵ҩ֮˵ʵҲ⣬Ƿˡ
ʦĲƹҽҩְ֮ģֻɵҩѣȻĻһ־ܽϵĲаȥ
ôһҲ˵ʵλ˾ũԪŶԡ
ǿ֮ǰǸŻǲ̫ˣǵøеǡ
ĵ˳˼˵Ƿ·һ֪Ȼӡ𾪹ڻعöһ֮󣬲ˡ
ּ֮·ȥũٱյ˻ʵ֣ԸҪҪСϣóֲء
üλũһսսٴеģҪǺú˵˵ֽﲻͬʽҪģûʲôҪעĵط
Ҳ̣Щһͺ󣬰ʵʵ֧Ķ
Ѿѡõļص⣬ĵۻһСֵ֣ڹпٳһũõʱﲥһ
ȻҲֻϵĺѣƽʱȻר˸ϵģʵֻũʱ磬Գһʸˡ

ظЩʱæת˲ȥǲˣ֮ǰѻһѾЩûкúϢ۵׶ЩڵذʱЪϢˣȻ㿴¹ڣһ۹ٷĸ磬ԼĴǰ߹
ɫԵЩ󣬡ֳǣ
ԭɫضܵܵʻһ˱Ц
ٺ٣Ҳֵȥˡ"
ãһôһ·ɹȻĺ磬ȷʵ뿴Լ
㣬ʲô٣ذЩ棬һϲ볯Ϊ٣ֻϲԼЩݲݣԼҲȱһµˣĸҲֻҪ¾ͺá
ҲȷʵǸӵܣĸ׵ĻβģҲˣֻϲǮЩϡһЩ滨ݡ
ԣԵҲ˵֪ǸϲǮ
ôմôһٷѵͻȻתӣӣȥˣ
Ϊ֮ǰڳſͱʱ˵ҲѰְͿһš
ذԴͻȻ¡
ǰضɫЩƣֿܿܵܣе£ԼͻȻϽЩˣ𣿡
㿴ҴǲǺƣ
ʼתذȴûټƽϣϸ˿Էŵͷ
ȻֻСٵ۹ٷֳò㣬ȳƣǰ·ĵøӳɫˡ
ܵܿ϶֮ضЦһЦһӾͰѷװʿʶƻˡ
Ҳá
ػ治ԼȥģʱڳſҲֻһ˵ѣ͵ûˡ
֪Լߵ˸ĸףĸһ˵ضʱ͵͵ߺͶһͬȥ£һӾˡ
ţԼƽ̫ˣ£鶼Ǳ˰취˻Щ£úĥĥһ˵
ǻЩȥĻĲᣬ˾ǰضȥũǱߣֵͺá
ƽϻݲҲͦóģ˾ú⣬Ҳ÷ӷĳ
ЩĿ伮úĥһضԭѾͶؼҺúøĸˣȥɾֻʣһˡ
Լ뿪ȥ֮ضӦҵũ֮Ҳȷʵ˲٣ĶΪȤĻҲҪȥˡ
һʱ䣬Ҳе˲Ȥʶһλͦũ٣һѺ֣дũ飬Ͼ֮ҲʮïʢҶʻŨȥƯˡʮ۲̲סԷֽǷʲôؾˡ
ũĴ˰һȥ˵Ҫԭѽ
ȻڱԹţǴɫﲻѿֵ⣬ϾũôһʱգҲͦλϲģҪ°ԼȥɲǿԼı
ˣضϿȥ̵ģϾûôҪͦĵġ
ذһ˵ģЩؿ
氡ֳ
ЦôģԺϹٰѶ˵ǿ۵תЪϢʱ䶼ûеʱֳͲôˡ
Ҳûг˶Է飬ֳļ򣬺úùһضƵȥֵˡ
л˵
ʵϹŰ˴֮һ
˴շֱǣ榡Ҧu棡
һ˵ǡѡ˵ǡģ˵һ
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ضũ֮, 㿴һģͬǣһٴеģ, һԺļ, סתţﻹһ˵ʲôɫȥʮּ
, ôˣʲôˡ
סһ·ͬ, ʵǷʲôȴڰ, Щ˼, ֪Щʲôһ㡣
ضŶԷ, ̲סͷ, Щ⡣
ô£ô⸱ֵ, һ
̧Ƚ˺ߵԺ, ЩʱոհݵʦڵϣҲĶſűĲϹ, ֪дЩʲô
̧ͷض, һѶ̺ӵ˾ǺǺһЦ, , , һȥ
˵, һԵ˽̧ȥũߣһƬƽũҲЩ
ũʵƽʵȰũලȰ֣˺ռ˸أЩʲôģҲ˻ķأÿÿضһĸֲС
Щطũ𻹸ţ߸ũҵߣƩ糵֮࣬ϾЩƵģɹٸƿزҼ۸񰺹󣬺ܶ˼Ҷֻܳٸ衣
֮⣬طũٻᴦ︳ԼˮЩȽ鷱ӡǳʲôЧеٴ룬ƩһЩѷʳݵĺ÷ӣʾ֪գƹ㡣
ضЩʱʵũĴҶȽУûʲô̫£Ϊũճأû뵽վͿʼæˡ
ӺߣʵѾһЩææµµˣضЩ˽ЩӷŽŵ˵ȻٽˮУط¡
ʲôض⸱ʵ
ǸӵܣЩũһϲͨЩʱũ˽һЩ£ֵӻǵȶֲ塣
ֱ׳طˣ˶֪ǸʲôˣҲװ
˾Ҳȷʵû˵ʲôΪͽܶԼӣһҲǸ֮ˡȻ˵㣬˻ǲģýҶϽͦѧġ
ǽ֣ѿˣȹգѿ˶֣ɲ˾Цеؽ͵
ҪúÿʱտҪæˣЩȫҪô˺ʱ׼׼ˡ
ũĸλǻǾӵķнʵ飬һֵֺغãԱʱ֮衣
Ĺúţ춼ţиġ
ЩǵĺܣǶһ˿˷Щ֡
Ͼǻܲʮʯĵ֣ܴ˳ֳȻĹͲԼģʹٲˣο츣£ʹܼԼһʣҲһ㹻ˡ
ˣڵ֪֮󣬾кЩũ⼸¶ҪũˣЩ˻ֱũ˯ˣҲδɼңͷϵ¿ɱʲôҪöࡣ
˾ȻҲĶ뻹ˣԼѸߣӵģũסʲôء
Ҳܿ£˾ԼͽǣЩʱҪúÿЩ磬ÿһС֮֡
ˣҲҪдԼľ鷽Թ±ߵƹռֲֶεģ˲ܷӳЧ
˾һ֮ضһ붮ӣϾ竣ʵֻԣ֪һĶܲأ
ٴҲ֪屶ǸʲôŵĸЩضҲɵŴͣԲ۾ػذ˵Щȥƽƽ棬ûʲôرĵ֡
ΪʦĶЩ֮ģܻʲô⣬ǳøһأû뵽Ȼȥôͨ
ô룬ضǺ˷ܵĦȭƣ׼һúһϾôҪ飬ʦԸ⽻Լ˵ԼʦﻹǺܸɵ
ϣʦҼˣھȥ
˵ţ̵ʦʹЩȫ˵СطַÿһҽˮУֻѿˡ
⼸Ҳʱʱע̫ȣһؽЩˮȥЩȥ
˾һ˵ţһҲæЩľ̸֮ѿʱ¶ʵǼΪҪģ˳еĵһ߷
ضߵͷ˾ϲ֪ʲôµ֪ԸԸѧ
ũ˿ʼȫæµûһԹԣһ϶ЦΣվǰһ

һߣյ̫ҽͽ֮ǰ˵˵ģԼǲϯҲΪһݺ
ˣԭΪʦǰȥĻǣ׼źǰֿȵ̫ҽС
ȴһ̼һİӴլ߳ΪԼ²˻˸С
мӵļһѾγĵһܽڶԷĲһ
һԵĺͳͬҲʮֽ䱸ӣǵޣȻѾԼĽ棬һֻȴߵͬϣǲҪ
ȻǱò֪Ӻδصڶߣޱȣ˵֮˾ǰһ
ǧһؾǡ
֮󣬱ǰİ¶һЦԷڣͬһλ߰ɡ
İȷʵǽݱˣôʵΪĿǰʦѾ㹻ˣҲΪܶŵģ³
ֻܴһطţʵǱﻵˡ
֮ǰ̫ǰһֵһֵ֮ϵͳ̳һƷԸĻò
ǶȥһŹһĶɫɫģ˵ĳ࣬óΣı̬ǼƷġ
ۼôͣȻҲΪⶫʵ൱ڰͬɺһԱҪŵĸĻεĳ̶ȡ
Ů٣ʲô͵࣬ģ
һ£ҲĻ֣ʵû취ܻӭۼ۲ߡ
ȱڽ˵ȴʲô⣬Ͼʵϸ˵ҲˣֻϵͳƷѡ
˶˵Ⲣʲô⣬Զ˵ֱ̫ˣԺҲ࣬Ҳýʾ֭ҽˣֻ˵Լûһ·ͺˡ
Ļ֮󣬻Ǳջ˵ǰ
ʼ˵Ľ䱸ǵĽ֮˿Ʋźۼϸ۲һǰˣϸʦаơ
ϵ·ϸȴʦ¼ΪƣĻ·Ҳ޼ֻûʵЧǿȥǼΪӣǴδǰϡ
ˣǷ׹ǰǺ;ϽġʮӦһ㣬ܻûŮ٣һֶͨΡ
ˣȻǰ֮˳಻ǹʦǰò˻ǹأһȥ̫ҽĸϡ
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һ˺̫ܿҽĸ, ˴λؾ̫֮ҽĵλԽˮǴߡ
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ĸЩҲ, ܶ˼Ҷô˻ʶãҲǸԵ
Ͼ˭иʱ, ʱһԵ, պ˵ܾһ˵, ĲЩ, ܵȴǾ޴棬Ǹ
ͬʱطҽдǰ, 顣Ͼ߶Ѱ˵, ʵһ⡣ĳЩطһߣôֹӹЩΪ̫̫, Χ, Żʧġ
гЧ, ʵʵߵķӣɲЩϲ, ޲͸ϵȥ, ʶʶλ̫ҽ
ϧЩطҽ, Ͳ˳ñʹ֮Ҳֻܼǰȥ
ˣ̫ҽͽϣ󲿷յӵ˼ȻȻǰġϾ׻˵ʦͽ
˵̫ҽЩҲܼ̳мҽʹύ̫ҽͽܽҲǺһ׮
˴ǰģ̫ҽԭʶҽʦͬţιĲ⣬ҲһЩеź塣
̫ҽͽֺǺǵվſӭֵͣȻҲ¸صĴˣȴһͽôҲֻչôͽܡ
ͽܶ߼ģͽܺʵǸʵˡ
ͽӵǻ磬ҳ಻̫˵Ȱ
̫ҽҪǴڹУƾĳ·Ҫ¶³ҵ˼ȥ˾Уһҽ
ֻشƫԶһʱҲѸϵû֪ʦСʦ֮Ҳֻ˽ һѾ͵֣ǵϡ
ͽܳССģȥЩȻС˵㣬óΪ˴£Ҳ˵ȷʵĺܣʲôܾһʵҲǸӡ
̫ҽȻȽƫͽܵأǴԼͽܲʺϽԼ²ġ
Ͼͽʵûۣ̫ʵΪʼҷڹµĻҪԿġ
ͽȻС˵㣬Ҳ˵СĽֳĬԵˣڹܻóá
д͵ʱ򣬵ͻȻļһ˹ԭϴŵĺЦһûˣȥЩԥ
ôˣɫڵʵ
ǰǸȥ۵׷ڣŲ鸡ӣ಻ȴ¶ֺõЦһӾԵó˼֡
磬⻰˵ģһ˵ţһ߳˳ԼߵӣҵͽĴӣһܲأ
߻վһصĸˣȥʵ֣ﻹһ˾Сккϵ·Ҳƾɵúܡ
֪Ǻӣ㻹ҪңصһۣȻתͷһʦܣʾȥӴͣԼ⼸һߡ
˵ʵʲôģ
ݺݵľ˵ӣһԵĸ˻ǰֹȴסˣֻźվһߡ
Ƕ˵ҵղҪոŮͽܣΪӵȻҲҪһʲô𣿡
˵ɫ٬ʮֲΪӡ
Ȼȥɫɵӣżæŵش޶һͬǰʵǵĸ׵Ķ֮֡
ϾԴ֮󣬾һҽ̽ͽܣûгֹŮˡ
žԼԸԼӣǵɻиѽܲӶҪɡ
ͻȻõͻȻһŮͽܣһӦȻǳЦöԷȥһӣʵǸϲߡ
ȻűţһͽǼ٣Ҹòļĸ棬ǿô죿
ϾȻҲˣҲû˼ӣСӿøһӡ
ˣԼһˣҪǻиСӣǵǶ÷ֳһȥ
ɲУƣǸʲô
㲻ܰˣҲ÷һЩôУȻʹˡ
Ȼ֪ʲôHദôЩ꣬Ҳ֪һһûʲô⡣
û⼸˽ţ˻Ʊ磬⼸ǿиˡ
˼ƲһԵĶӣԼǰʲôأҵǲңܲܲԼӰɡ
ôֱӸҵ㣿
㲻ҵյͽܣֲǼҵˣʲôʸǵļ¡
⻰Щԥ
Ͼʦϲǰһȷʵӹɡ˼ҶԺֵģʦĶϱźʱʦżҲǻϼεģЩ֪Ǻá
ǰҪ¶һЦ׼޶һͬŵʱ򣬾ͼ̫ҽ첽˼ǰɫѿüͷ֣Ҳߡ
ǰ֮˿ڽʲôֱͷһ䣬ʲôôû𣿿
̫ҽ죬ƺЩʲôȴƳһԵĸ˺ͺӣǿҪ˵Ļȥ
ϽߣõӼ㣬ǻ˵һԵ˸ЩҶø
һԵ֣ǿЩԣɫ𾪵ؿһƵʦȻ¶ֿ̱ӡ
Ҳ֪һʦʲôˣȻǵʦϺˣܷôĻ
ԭſֺõЦôӵѵ⣬ɫҲѿ˼֣ܿιȥǸûƤûӡ
⻰˵ģҵѽǲ쾭¶𣿡˵һԵĶӣǰ˵û
ȴûϵԼĶֻǿһЩ׶İ׺ͷԭɫЩ鲻ԸһӾͱסˣæ㵽ԴҲԸ¶
˰˶һۣȻ̫ҽεЦЦⲻδˣЩˡԺҶ㡣
ˣҼΣҾܶꡣ̫ҽӲػһ䡣
⻰һҲ֪˵ЩʲôˣεĿ˿ܣȻۼط̫ҽ֣ǡ
֣ȻϰװЩʵ̫⡣ǽձϾǼΪҪӣǻһŮѣʩ죬ȥҲԵ
ϣλСʦðɡʮʺ֣
֣ȴЩûǰȥ컬ļһȻʦĶ𣿿ȥһҲ
ҿʦ̬ȣΪһʦʲôأȻǸӡ
ʦǰˣ˼ʹǰֲЦӭһҳӣҲֻǵͷػ
һӾֲŽסˣҲû뵽ҲˣСȻҲһӶԼ⻹ûʦأô£۾ɲҪȥ
һӾԹ˶ԷʶôǰݵΪʦʱһɶúúֺԼһء
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, ˭ʦð׽, ߡһԵĵԴӿʦ֮, ˵Ҳ˵ǳ
Ȼʵڣȴɵ, ƶֱ쳣׼ǰոձʦʱģֲܵŶԼĶ⡣
ֻʱ, ûʲôʸ񿪿ڣֻΪֲŲϲԼ, ΪԼΪһ˽, ҪռĶ˵, ƽҲ
ϾʦʦԼ, ԼҲöǵĺӺЩ㵱Լ׵ܵˡ
ֻ˭뵽, һﲻǶĶ, ĸζǺڵģԼҲ⣬ʵǸ
ʱʦ˵Сԭʲô, ֻΪ, 岻ǰӲ, Դһʱա
ʦʦģֻǲ˱ȥй, ʦΪҽʦȻҲҪһͬǰġ
ʦʱʦȥ˾Ӫ, ʦ˼, ݸĸȥˡ
ֲŵ֤£ʦǷ޶չʦǰಹҩԸֲźϡ
ʦϾôЩ̫ҽҲвҩģʱҲϧЩ˳ϸϸԸֲһЩҪʲôʱãҪʲô
뵽һǶʱﾹȻȾ˶񫣬ۣʦµǮ˲˵˼Щҩȥ
ĽЩҩȫ͵˳ȥˣһǮĥһЩ˻ɫ˹ȥ
ֻЩҩļ۸Ͳº͵ĲҩҩЧǿü
ֲȻʦĶӣЩͨҩҩֻΪЩĻȥͿˣ뵽Щҩҩ̫ǿҲ֢˼ҩ֮ʦĲ鷴ˡ
ֲʶԾ£ֲֻţ±֪Լ͵ҩ㽫סҲҽʦ
ʦ֮ŷֲԾֻʱѾˣʦﲡԽͿʦҲ޲ˡ
ֲż鱩¶ƭ˵Լ֪飬Щʱﾡϣ֪Ϊʲôص̶ֳȡ
ʦҩ⣬ϸ̽һ֮󣬲ŷТӸɵĺ£ȻΪЩӣԼﶼˣǸ⡣
ʦﲡôЩӣСҲ˴󲡣ܿȥˡ
ʦԭŭִТӣհǰУԼϱӵĿջûºֻ֣ǽǸ˳ȥ֮ҲԸˡ
ȨԼûӣպüͽΪԼϾТˡ
ÿÿ뵽£Ķغʵˣ޵ҧгݣЩƲסԼͷĻһݺһ١
ʦôˣϹ·ֵˣҲẰסԷԷһ뷹ԡ
ʦԵ޹ʰԼؼңʦҲû׶ӿӲԴʹԼżҲĸԼ
ˣϸóģû뵽󾹱ԼĶĹү۰ô˰ֲһأ
ǰ˼ԼƤЦû˵ûǸԼһɫǼԼһңıһӾЩܻ
ۣôߣǲţ۲ݣ滨ѹģȢƯĹţСӼ̳мҵ
ǲ˵ĳŵҲҪѰ»ˡ
ֲҲϹѧõģ̫ҽҲŶܳɲģ˲ȥһ˽ѧʹӲϲҩҲҪ
Ͼһ࣬Сʵ۵úܣҳλȻһҽʦλʵߣúö飬úá
ֻû뵽һ飬յԼ׵Ļϡ
⼸仰һӾ̫ҽǺ죬һţƺҳʲôֵıúýѵֲһ
㣬㾹Ȼ˺ƾݣҵգҵվ͸ðý㲻
̫ҽЩĹӾһȴԷɶ˹ȥԼ޶
޿ȥһʧӣ֪˭ãֲŵĶȴǿⳡ־磬һʱ˸ĸǰУǰͷһƿ
ˣҵ
̫ҽһûע⣬Ǳ֣Ƿһѣǿסӡ
ȥȴЩƣ֮ǰҪӵģƾ¶˼̬
ãðǵҲ˸Сǡ
̫ҽЦţȻԼĶӣǶڶϱӣмġ
ЩĽӼãǼֲöĹ粻֪ȥĶȥˡ
Щۣƽ֮ǰˣĻ䡣
϶Ѿ御ˣҪѶӸϳţҲѯʹϱļޣʹʹ뿪һݼױպ뺢ˣҲʱ
̫ҽҲˣϱϴŵĶЩõľѣǮֲȥģǹ⴩⸱ģȡͬ飬ˡ
ܹ鶼ԼѡģԹˡ
ãձ֪ǵЩҲӵȥҲһֶ㣬İɡ
ԭֲŻ°գŲһʱѿڶЩ¿ͷӡ
˵Լһ㶫òʱ߼ˣ̲ס̽ͷȥ
ҺͿǼһ𣿻˵ҪСʦãЩ
ɵ֪ǲѪ
һԵ֣ȴɫƽƺûֲŵĻһϾǰ켣оʱĻ뻰ȥˣĶУɱǰ˵HˣЩӰ쵽
Ҳ׼ֻǿʦĻӣЩΪѹõˣôôĵһء
ʼû׹ΪʲôһһӳʲôѰ»ͷȥˣ»
ϾҲɵܿ㷴Ӧʦֵ߳ŮӣɲСʦһ
Ҳŭˣû뵽һﲻԼﰹúܣһѱҲúһ࣬ʵǶ
ʦĶȻǰ˭˭ܵ𣿡
ȫˣӵ͵ׯԺȥҲ㡣
ˣ˰űô仰
ǰĵߣӣƺҪסԼײģֲһӾˣͻȻڿ޺š
ҴˣҸ˵һԼȰƣ㲻Ҳϰ
һһӾͰΧ˵߶˹
֮ǰҲע⵽ֻϾ˼ҵļ£Ҳòֻͣ͵͵ۡ⶯һ˵Ŀȫس߾˹
㵱ǴӦȢҪúôġ
ΪӣȻܶܣҲΪһЩ˵ĻҲѽ
˵ţ޵ؽͶ֣ϡ
Ȼ֪֣û˵ԼһҵĻֻǼȻ鷢չ˵زҲܰװױһأҪŮӸߵġ
ϾôһǵԼļĸСʦãǶҪģֱӽ˵ﵽףװѶԷĨڣˡ
ɵ϶ھӪغһһСǻڵߣҲɲʲô
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⻰һӾ̫ҽǰ, û뵽һܶˣԼѾȥﶼҡ
޳֮ȡ
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һȴоԼײһǽ, ûüͷ, 㱻֮ѹڵϣҲɳγ˼Ѫۡ
ʦҵǰף̫ҽ, ٵüͽ
ŲԶ, ЦųҲԼץһԵֲ, ʲôûзһ, ̫ҽ¶º͵Ц
̫ҽҲʮƺ˸ղŷһУŸмЦ⣬һ, лʦ, Ҳлͳǰ, дܻ¡
˵ţ̧׼Խӭȥ
, ȴҪ°, λǽȥǡָָԷͽ
, Цˡ
̫ҽЦЦʾǰȥ
ΧδȥıȴǽעһתƵ˺һϣﰵ˼ţû뵽̫ҽʦҲмֽ飬һʦ綼ǰ񣬿Ƕֵµӳ̶Ȼøϼֲǡ
Ϣܿ㴫˿ͻԼĺ˼ȥ
ֵЩҲˣҲʲô£󲻹һЩëƤļ£ʵҲûʲôϵ
Ҫĵǰ⼸λ屾Ǻ֮ӣһͣժ¥˹ʦ֮ϵľ͸ˣֻƽҲûʲôܼԷһ
ȻȴԷһʮİɫһӿЩԻ󲻽⡣
һλʲôͷôںǰ棬ӦòλʦѵĳλǲʶĻү
һЩϢͨд󲿷ѫˣȴǺܿ϶ȷʶκһλӵܣҲǵǸʲôݣ
Ȼȴûпڽ͵˼
Ҳ֪ʦγΪʲôһݣǲôߵע⣬ʦԸαΣҲܹܵģֻҪ¾ͺá
ǰݿ˿̫ҽ֣ǣòЩ˶ϲǿͳ칧ӣҲѧͷ
˽֮Ҳγһ㣬ŷ֮󣬱㼱æȥƺҪһᣬܲܺͺ˵ϼ仰׽Ҳá
ûʲôע⵽䴦Ǽһ̫ҽתƺ¶ʲôһ㣬ֲ˵š
ãҿķϣ㻹˰ءձ֪Ӵֵ㣬ްָϵ
㲻ҵĶӣԺǻûϵˡ
ǵЩҵʱһĸһֶˡ
󣬵֣غͼױó
ջҼҥǱǶһԹҲ֮ǰ̫ˡ
㵱ĸҵʱý׽ģҲΪʱ
ŴТһǼΪصģıɱŹĸ游ĸڡʮеġ桱֮һ˵̣ҡⲻ⣬ʱҲ˵ʹϴ£Ҳڲ͡
ַԸʧĸˣҲҪǧʵҲˣϾ󲿷ҪôԶˣʵŲִŵص㣬Ѿ·ˡ
ʹûһ·ıۣҲ˰ˡ
ԭ̫ҽͽٸģֻǰջˣϣԽȥǸС
ҲЩˣļһϸö״ȥŵȥǻҲˡ
̫ҽżλ񣬡лλ֪ɷסѺȥá
˵֮ϵһ˲٣һʱҲżˣҪĻǰʦ磬Ƚ֮Ȼ᳹˶ϡ
ʮĵؽΰס˺üȦأյõһʹ
Ȼֻ⼸仰Ҳ˴²²⣬ȻһĵúܣСĵ˶Էһš
ֲȴ˲Ϻʹһʵû뵽һûҪô˵Լͽ˴Σ˵Ҫ
һӻˣ̲ס̫ҽģҴˣҺͿˣңߣҲǰˡ
̫ҽȴһ˿ûиĿڵ˼һԵ˼֣ϵͬʱҲˡ
ϻǽȥɣҲˣɱʱ
ǿЦЦģῴŵġ
̫ҽмؿǣ˽ĹϹʲôģݸǣЩӣȴǾܾˡ
һԵ޿һתֱµĳһʱ䶼֪ǺãŶӵ֣̫ҽƺߣԼҲԾǰ
ֵƺŷĴڣ֮ǰǰºͣǿİһ㣬ֲһҪ׵ģǶȻҲǡպԸţǴźӸļޣҶˡ
ˣôͽأȱˤᦵˡ
˵꣬ͷҲص뿪ˣֻãȻվԭء
Ŷӵ֣ԾأѶʹ˲ŷӦ
ҪɷˣҪɷͽٸӣôźð
һǱɷ򣬻𷽲ŹǷĻȻһ飬ŷӦԷӶҪˡ
Ȼûɷ򣬼æŶӻؼˡˣȻҪļ޵ģܲĸɷܿȥɣɻиء
ֲűŸ״뿪֮ҲŶˣһʱֺ£Ӷ̲ס

լĽݣŵһһʮĻ㱨֮ϲԣҲԸ̾ţ̫ҽ̫ҽ͵ˣҲôĵ£ǼҼбľ
Ļ֮ȻЩ֪ȻǹʦȴЩ磬˼׽֮С
ǼǹʦǸģȻû˸ҰЩ߰·ŵ˵ģĶ䡣
Ǿùʦȥƽ׽ˣЩҲ֪ǷҲǶԷһУҪ˼̬
֮ϯһ˳ҽʥԼʦλȼƣȻʦй񣬷Ͼ裬ɡ
ŮӰʦ΢ʣû˸¶Ͼΰʦйʦרǰǳɣƾ׵̫ҽ͹ʦȻû˻ô޴
ң̫ҽϯ֪һ˵ԼԵԭΪⱲӾˣȴû뵽ܵһĵﱲ
˵ļ֤£֣ԼŮԺԼ˳ﱲԼļˡ
ȻֳǣһףأԵڡ
ϯ˲̫ҽԼĶӸϹã亦ĸ״һ׮Ȼ˾˵Ĺע
һЩոıͣҲɵðԸпֲ̫ҽҪ˵ԼԵôһĹεĶӣȷʵûеĺá
ôһ׮ֵ÷зֲǧΪ֣Ļ
֣ǵļԣҲз֮ɢˣϾǸĸļһ˵ģضǿտҥϢûʲôŶȡ
׮ӣռ˰պóһʱĻ⣬ֱʱʱһӵܡ
л˵
ʹԡ顷
ŴڲТĳͷǷǳصģıɱŹ丸ĸ游ĸ֮س̶ȣдն̣̽šͽ̡
ıɱŹǲТصһ֣ҲǱʮġ桱ϻʵջʱ£ᱻ⣬ʮôġ
ǳأһ˵ʵĸ׸ŮТҾ֮ҪϣҲһܳء
̱׼иͦ˼ľǣĶܼĻôǰıɱ۴ģն̣Ϊ˵õĸĳ谮ǣǰТ۴ǧ
游ĸĸֱĶףߣǧ
одͦġ
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˺, ֣Ǳ㰲ĸʦѧϰҽĴڣҽʦǱһӵ̬, Ȼ, ЩȻﻳſֵ̬ϵҲơ
˵Ը֣ǵģǱȻǹеЩŮˡ
ϾŮҽϡ, ฾˲Ƕ˼ͬ˵, ̫ҽֶΪԣЩġ
ÿ֣̫ҽ빬, пʱ, ܻиĹŮԼϵë
֣̫ҽѧôЩʱ, Ȼʱ仹ж, ǱϾǰо飬ּǿ, ѧϰһ֮Ҳմ֪ʶ, ֻȱʵĲ
Ҳ߲ܣܽģӦΪԷ, ¼, Ͻ˵, ǱԼҽ飬ѯʦʦ, ҸʵĽӳ
֣Ҳ쳵İ, ھҵʺϵ֮, 
ʹСƽ㸺չ˵ܵãЩѼȦڼţżȥץЩιǣպȥãԼԣʡµǮ
֣ƾԼݣ˳һ֬ӳһƣ⡣
СҲ߻˵ЩЩС㶼üЦģúǲ
Ȼ쳰ʾƹģЩʱƾԼƹĿ࿴Ͽ׼ʱձתṤǮ

һգԼׯƷŲ裬ȻԵáЩʱʵеúܣû˻᲻۵ԼЩŸʽͷĺԴԴͣȫ£ǿׯеĲֿѷţܶѲ¡
Щˣ޷Լ׽ϵԼõʲôôġ
Խ˵ҲûбҪϾЩƱвƥϣҲȱҷЩҲܴȥģҲ
˵ĶԼҲһܸ𣬱㲻鷳ˡ
Ϊӡ֤ݣҪ֪ʹǰʦҲĲĽʢ֮ʱµĲƱѾʤ˵ɵйҲǸһˡ
˲ŻԵȥ¼ŲɣǷɣ˭˻ԸⶪôһʲƸأ㹻һ˸ӻӵǮ
Ų賯⿴ȥⲻԶϡһЩȥũˣͷ磬ˮ໹ƳɵġǱֱľƬ滹һͬĿ̶ȣԴΪ׼֤롣
Щ˾ḻũ⣬ũļλũ٣ȻǴѾõֲġ
ѯݵ֮һƬأҲֲóЩˡ
˻ʹׯԼũЩ⣬֪ϢˣΪʣµֱҪԴ
ϾЩ˼жȱǶڹʦȻǼΪεģֵ֣ȻϣһϾһա
ʵۺ͹ʦʾãҲţһ֮󣬼ʹҪ󲿷ֵʳַַȥǿϣȻҲܱ˸طַЩ֡
˵ʳǲӶģϾǿɶҴ壬˶Ķ˵Ҳһ棬ǵȻҪȡ
գʵЩҲѾĻʵҲˣضĨһѺ̲סܵһϢţóŵˮҴڴڵغš
ЩʱķɫԺ˼ȣټϴŵıڸɻѣαܵһӦҲ˿϶Ǹׯںӡ
ʵΪũ٣ǹѫ֮ʵǲµģֻǽ˾һͬǰ鿴ضǰľЩϡ棬Ǹ˩סĹһһ
ʹ㲻ҲȲϳũǣû۳⸱ģ
ˮֻ֮ص˾ߣ֪߶ʲôЩؿﲢ峺ˮٿ䣬ƺʲôһӴǰι
ʲô
ضʵ
˾⿴һۣɫƽˮӦСɡ
ôǲǺｭ𣿡ضЩ⡣
˾ǺĵؿڽţƢܺãӲ𣬼ʹЩ⡣
ǴɽϺˮνģЩطǷˮˮȥ֮ȻҲ
ضͷ˼ְܿתȥЩԾԾԣץ
һԵ˾ƺ뷨Դعר¡
ǰļһŲ˼ͷ˾鿴Χȥˡ
ͷбȻƵĹâڴϣǶ˽յҲˣضվߣ֪Щʲô
ʲô
һͻȻҲû߿ڻصץ㡣
ǡƺ뿪ڽʲôתͷһȴվԼ߳ģȻǸȥͦССŮ
ϴŵžµľƣССϲ޺֮ɫ·ղǾ仰˵һ
˭ҵĺӣôˣ
ضһʱ֮仹Щ죬תͷΧԶƺһﻤǶŷ
ɫˣ㻹չҰɡ
ʼȰȥĵϸһȻǰŮȴûȰͬ˵š
￴ȥʺ㰡
ضҲ˳Ļʼ˼㣬᲻Щ綼ˣ
еĳﵹ˼βֻƽֻЩʳҪ˵ǳЩʲôģ治
⻰ǰŮɫȥЩЦЦǱЩ
ҲɣֻΪʲôҪ鷳ءضȻô˳غ
أ
ǰ֮ȴûлشǽ˻
ţȥȤոʱ򲻻ôģضڲ²ţðɣҲΪжһˣЩ
ŮĻͷȷʵˣ˹á
˵ƺҪԵ۵磬һԵضȥЩţһСľ˽ȥ
Ȼһ룬ȴ翴ȥ˼磬ıһе㻳Լģ̲סʹ˲Լ۾
Ȼǰ⸱ңһֱźúõЩҲܵʲôָһ㣬ķһβͨƵ
һ˳ԾޱȵĻ棬ضҲ̲סԭأضǰӷſյģ֪Щʲô
˾һ£Żعתͷȥǰû˷˵Ӱˡ
δˣ֮ǰ˵ׯǡ
˾ȥɫЩĪǹʦµİⲻ˾֪𣿡
ضվԭĬĬᣬ֪֪Ϊʦ˻סժ¥ء
֪ԺͯݳԼǰԼ˵ˡ뵽ǾȸԾ
Ȼ֮ǰһֱûܰݻʦǽտǹʦԼģԼ˵ˣأû
˿ԼԵüΪغװ磬ɫЩա֪ˣ͸ðԼõһóҲʧ
л˵
xiָ
? 54 
˾Ļ, Ƭ֮󣬵һ˼ӡ
˵, ƺҲɽԽķ, 㣬۳βΪʳ
˵, ƺڵ֮Щв洦
˻վһԵض, ˼ţﻹ˵Щʲô
ضǲԼ, δһĹ, ʲôˣͺܱߵ, üûаʱֵ, Ϊ񣬽ߴ˹á
ڹļλϴ˶ʶ, ߴط, ⻵۵زѣԼعŴȤ䡣
ضһղŵ, ͷƤ, оԼʵûзӺ, һҲʽ˵ĻҲ̫塣
֪, , ʲô֪أ
Ҳһۿǰ˾ǲǹʦ, ʵԤϰ
Ȼˣﻹͦ˵ġôһʦֻԼ˵ԷԵ
ضӹʦʲôôֻǵضⷬ϶еˡѹ¸ղǹ֮סϲظܵܺҫһ
Ͼ֮ǰ֮ǰܸʦһͬǰݣʵĽѡʱƤҲŵܵһͬȥ״ĸ˹ȥˡ
ôһøĸףԼﵱС٣ղлۼʦܺͶԷ̸ϼ䡣
ˣûȥĸ׵лһǡ
ţͻȻ˾˵Ȼʦ˵Ҳһԡ
˵˾ֽظϻȥˣһкض
ߣȥ飬ûⷽļ¼Ҽǵƺбũд
⻰֮ض׹ֵЩʱܹˡ
ĻǲؼҸҫˣϧϧձȷŹ˵ɡ
ũ֮󣬼ֿʼصĸ伮ȷƼأЩڵѼҲἰˣȵĲƺѰˮҪһЩʱ˾İ壬ҪһЩׯ˷
ũߵҲմ˷Щ˽ȥЩũǰ˵ֻƬЩѼУһͬڵֻպ۲ճˡ

һߣͳԼǣ⼸ϰ˹ʦ任ĸòȻȻϡúܣǲû˿ѯʡ
ϾǵֻǻʦİȫĲǹܣҲܹܣֻҪԼıְͺá
ʵеģղųһˣЩ֣ﻹǺڴģڼһƬʱͰ಻סˡ
ҿЩ֮ͲɵǰмĵӣȻһǽһˮĵ
ĵ㹲ϵͳԽԼռأܼͶͶ롣ҲһãʳԽˮΪˮϵṩʩʡ
һЩطֲֻˮ㣬ˮԼĲƽʱҪߡ
֪ЩũЩʱֲͬأͬʽֲ֣˼Ҫһ䡣
Ȼ֪ǲȻãǶೢԳûġ

һգͻ˻㱨˵֮ǰλ֪ͨݱץסˣ̲Ĵ
ˣԴӺͳЩıؾ֮ȫȨ̲ʹ¡
ֻû뵽ǵЧʻͦ죬Ȼô̵ʱץסˡ
ƺЩ£Ҳʼһһʮؽ
ôץסˣΪ񿵾Ȼ첻µزµģھҲ֪ôģǾõºڰɡ
ƺֻץסһˣ˵Ů˵ڰ·ѾΪ˲ȥˡ
̲˿е֪һЩʲôϢĿǰֻԼϣǮۣ˿ɽ֮žΪУ͵͵˱˳ȥ
ǷˣЩǮҲͨݵĸۡ棬ȥ鳭ǡ
䣬ƺԶ񿵵ĵӸе棬ʲôãȻ˽͵͵ҪͷҵĴ
ţȴÿɷ
ﵹôãΪǮƣΪʲôɴʯȻɵȥȷʵۡ
һҪĹͿ󹤣Ҫʳˮˣ˶ӣϢй¶ȥΣҲӦ˲١
Ƿܻ¸ҲֻΪٲ̰˲ҲǸ̡
Ǳһ鶯ҡ쵽룬оǲ췴ҪǸı˹ϵǿҪģʱͲһܽˡ
̲λҲ²ģֻ˭ҷŵ˵Ͼ¹ش󣬵ʱ˵õǣһ鷳
һѶǱ㽫ⷬʳʸĵۡ
ĵ۶ȴ⣬ôʵۣҲǸˣȻóضࡣˣһˤۣ̲ʡ
ڣʺԼĶ˵Ż˴Ҵ߽棬Ϣ֮ˣֻĸߡ
ض˵ļҾδõģ
ɫƽֻŵʵ
ǰĶϢ֮ƺЩǻǹػصѱ͵µıׯȥˣŮ
Ļû˵꣬ɫЩΡ
ĸϣ
ʺؽĻȥһ㶼ȣǳôš
ǹﵱҲˡʱͬգץˣе޶ƣɲҪͷϧ񣬸ʲô
֮ҲҪ촦ˣҪ°ټ
ʺĻӹӦŵǣ֪ˡ
ԼĶɵģοص˵ͷ̸һ֮󣬱ȥˡ
صԼլ֮󣬶ӵɫԵЩƣͷ˼ţԭһı˳úܣ֪ͻȻðһ˹ʦĴ¡
ԭ̲סѵĲң
ͷɫһӾͱѿЩƲסԼƢ˳ϵһײߡ
žڷȴûʲô۵˸ҽȥϾǶ֪ӵúܣԲʹƢ
Ȼȴ⣬һµŮ˷ţظ磬ҡ
л˵
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ԭҪĶ, һӽ˲٣ֱӿ˽ǡ
̤뷿֮, ǰŮӳһЦ, ظ磬ıѩɡ
ӵͷ, һȥֱӹ˰룬ȻҲ¶һЦ
֪ܿ, 磬ƽ, ĿгĸõŮˡ
ԭƻź͸, ҪӭȢΪޣȴû뵽ͷ, Ȼ׵ȫ¶, ǴεĿɽҲ˷ˡ
ʵû˰취̲ʹ¶ȫ׷֪, Ҳֻǿҵ֮ǰ, ǰһҵԷȴûа취Ϊڸǹȥ¡
ҶԷϻв֤ݿ֤֮ԼҲܾôֱɱ˶Էˣ˵öԷϻʲô·, ǲˡ
, ĸĽ, ӦΪԷŮΪѰʵİȫȥӦ, Ҫе鶼Լ, ǣԼ֡
ԷȻͳԼ, ǱϾûɣЩϵҲǸʲôˡ
Ȼȥ³çԿֱûļƣλ߻ģױɵ
ʹ̫ӣ̺ĵܵҲûжУȻƢЩЩҲû̫񣬶˾Щζѡ
ȻȴжԼǸ̫Ӹ磬˶ǵӣ̫Ӽռռºͣڣе˶̫ӲĴ
ļʺͲʣʶ̫岻ãЩֶεʱǹѹֲסҰĿʼȷ
Щ﷢չ˲񿵱ΪŮͶӹϵ׽Ҳи֮˵Ϊүء
һļϣڷֿɽ֮ڶӵ£˽ԽпɶЩҲ˲ٵ
ֻû뵽ƻеúúõģǸʦͻȻð˳ҡײƭģһٽ̫еĲ֢֮κ˲˵
ߣôɣǰȥֵʱ˷ĿϵĲԾҵǴΪεĿ֮·һ˾ġ
ӱܿ̾һɫȥԵЩܣԼôľӪȻôһˣʵԽܡ
ܿȴıᣬظ磬ô
ֻҡҡͷû˵ʲôһ֮󣬲̧ͷЩʱվȺúôɣֱӷԸһǣġ
ܿȥЩֹǿ⸱ӣǽԼҪ˵Ļ˻ȥЦЦá
ߵǰ˶뿪֮լŮȴޱǰǻȥɡ
˿ǰʮֹ񣬵䵭ŮҲû쳣ӡ
ܿﳼ֮Ůһ˷ˣôҲñؽǼ£ֵöزصģȻҪƽСЩ
ֻǲ֪ʲôʱܼĸһ棬Щġ

һߣݿǰһܿȥЩӵ֯Щ档֮ǰϵģ˵һ긻̣ԼŮһͬĶ
һ˵ǸʶʣֱǽȥˣֻϳǶ֮ǰǶԸŮ˲̽Եǣȥ
ȻڼǼ֮󣬹ʦȻͬǵİݼȺĳ¼ҸŮ⻰һʱ䶼̲ס¶Ц
ʵҲһʱˣҲҵչߣȻչǺôҲǸϢ
ʦؾϢǶȻҲ֪ˣǵͬЩ׹ȣʵ̫ͨˡ
ȻмŹʦԮ֣ںһȴ˻֮Ǳ㲻ǿֻŸԵ¡
°չʦĵ㲦Щ֮ϲõһͬ˹ʦҪһȳʸʦһ
һʵҲûбʲôڴϾǲͨС񣬻ЩʱʦǣˣүʱͽЩϹٵʱ򣬶Է¶⣬һϯ͸ǵĴˣʵǳúܡ
ǽǰֻǵùʦȼ°ĶѣǿһҪ׸λ˵ġ
ڵ֪ʦǼ֮󣬻Ըټǵʱ򣬶˶Ϊ죬һʱϲɫȥǱڱסһ
ܿ죬Ǳ¹ڣ̬ȹȥ°ȫǳģ֮ǰһˣûôϳǿſȥʮƵĳүϳġ
ȥ֮ǰǰ԰ףģȥʮ緢Ҳûйļᶨ
ҾЩʱյָ֮ѾԲϣߵˡ
һҲ֮ǰǸδվȼ֮ˡ
ڽݳ֮󣬳°һֱһģЩ̧ͷ
ȴЦһû⡣
˼֮󣬳ү˵˴ε⣬ǽ׸ʦһȻŮǰ䡣
°ȻЩ˼ģȻǰڵ֮ǰ˵ŮԸĽЩŮЩʱĳɹ
ݸȤĿ֮ƺǱˣҲ˳Ǿ֮֯类ԭ֯类ʮʮ棬ĿӣҺʱã֯һƥҪʮյĹ򡣡
˵ָָµۿ̤ţ֯类ĳʮ棬֮ȻԿʮƬۿ˲࣬ƳӷµĻͼ
°ʱ˽ĲƥҲǸĽ֮üе֯֯ļƥϣͼȥȷʵʱ˵໨ҪӺÿöࡣ
ݿȥ治ɫһȻĵĵȻģʵȴϵͳĬĬԻš
ҿҲû
ʵϣֻһ·ҲֳɵĲû˿ɲϵḶ́ôһСС֯档
ϵͳȻЩԭ죬ǲûгƪ۵ؿʼͣʮּԵؽһ¡
ֻҪ֪ȷʵ̶ܴЧʡ˵ӣԭҪ֯ʮ籣ֻҪͿ֯ɡ
л˵
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С, š
Щ𺳣Ȼܶ˳羴, ˶֮, ȴûʧǳѡ
Լܵõ˵磬޷ϵͳԼԼΪִеȽ֪ʶǳȥЩ, ҲܿܿһԱǸͨ˰, 㲻ʲôš
ǰСȴеʮ־ȡȻϵͳԳ°δЩ², ۼչֳ, ̲ס˸̾ѡ
ֻԼһ˵Է㽫ŵ֯, ˶̵ʱ, Чٵĸ죬ʵ˳츳
Ŵ߶չ, ڹе˼ά, ԭениĽǵĸĽҪĳЩ˵һ֣ȱٵģֻٲ˲ӵеʡ
ִ, ¾һ˰, š
뵽, ΪŶԷеЩϧԭ˹켣һ˲, ΪΪŮ, ǲм֮, һСԺʹһŻҲԷû
ݻعŶԷЦЦɫ쳣ᣬ޵˵
Ȼֻж̶֣ǳ°·õʲôһ㣬ʮϲ˵š
ʵŮЩ뷨֯类ǵ˲ڼеġЩ͸Ҫʮ˲Ứֻ֯ҪиĽʱЩ
ϵķ֯ʵǳ࣬ӿһ˶С֯ҪʮͬʱתĴỨ֯ӦоУ಻ͬ
Դ֪ŮЩʲô֮󣬳үвӦģܿͽ󲿷ַĳ֯һ븮ЩԶԺӡ
չڽǰģΪһ֯ȻЧʵߣʱѾǱȽϼɱݵˣǮҲܹ벹õѰ˼ҶҧôһܷڼУ˵ǳձˡ
˳°ŻȶиĽȻҲЩӾɵ֯˵ѶȲ̫ߵԵʡ
Щ˼оԼƵ˼ֳɼȲǰļһһȻȷʵ˺Щʱգ˵ⲢʲôǳսԵ£ЩõĶ׸ʦġ
Ѿ㹻ýݸеˣ΢΢ףǴǴΣ
¼ҸŮһۣүǰһмׯҲǽӴģЩ֯Ȼ࿪֯ңЩ
Ŵڷûʲôʩũ֮ĶЩᱻΪɼѵǴ֮ã˹ġ
˳СȻЩСҲǵǲʱİöѣ˵ȥġ
ϾһֻħˣŮϰʫ飬Щ˲Ż£ʵԸԼ˵ȥⱻ۷׷ס
ֻڹʦܵδõͬ·ԼҲ˴ڵ塣
үȻһֱŮﲻǲĵģֵʦĶ֮󣬾Ѿɢˡ
ŮֹŹŹֵֹȤĶ
Կһۣǲ̫⣬Ͼλүˣκ뾡취ǵԡ
֯ȻΪռгȻŴûרָĽĶҪĻ˵Ĵ뷨֮ƣȴײˡ
ֻҪһ׬ЩģʹƵ˶ˣҲ׼ĵ̡
Ҫӿ֯ңӶ֣ʶŮպһչ֣֣ȻҲ˳µ׬Ǯ֮ЩЧ֯һʱ乩Ӧ֯ңĶȻҲ˲ŵһơ
Ϊ°еοԸŮһмһа취֮׬ǮʵˡȻʹǸţٸ޽רʱĶʵ̫ױƣˡ
֯һԸˣЩ䱦
Ȼ֪ǰ˲ȱЩΪ֮⣬ʵ塣
Ҳñַ֪Ϊǳֹ̬ȵģպ϶Ҳο
ˣ¼ҸŮ˵õʹ֮ȻҲһϲӣл֮󣬲Щȥˡ
֮󣬻룬ֳһֲպ˷Ľ˶Ķһͽ𣬾͵ɡ
Ȼûʲô̫ãһЧٺòˡ

լ֧ܿ°ͣſգ֪Щʲôһӡ
Ѿ˺ЩˣԴ֮ǰһ֮󣬾ҲûˡլҲģĳƫ֧µģƽҲֻŮͼˣúܡ
ӲûפڴˣϾЩʱվнϣǼЩˣױע⵽ʵڲʺϸŵƫ֧Сݡ
ǸһŮƺ³ˣֻһСѾͷš
ͻȻ䣬ܿƺ˴⴫һ΢춯һӾƺ뿪ںˣһ벱ϱһĶذ̴ԭزҶ
һΣǰһӣеϣµض֮ǰδƷĲ衣
ţò裬ɽ裿ŵǼţµʲôҶ
Ҿ֪ԭҵԶС㣬ܳĲˣ
ܿվŵɽǰҺҶ⻰һҲҿںԼһҪѪ
λӣ˵ЦˣôǹأҶСŮӴϼҴģζЩưɡ
¶һЦЩ΢
ǰȴҡҡͷ˵ĶĻͨݿɲ裬ĻĲҶ
ĻܿȥЩӣţСŮӼ̷ǣͨݰ
һ󲻽ģǰ֮ȴЦЦ˿ûбƭȥðɣС㣬ֱ˵ɡ
ܿһӱҴͷӦǰ˿϶׼ԼݼаգŻֱǰ
ҲαװˣɫƽʵǰΪ£
ȻΪˣ㸸׵¡
һ֮µ£СŮӰ㲻֪Ǹױץ֪֮ģ˵⣬СŮ֪׷´ô£ʵӦãֻǡ
ܿЩʣ˵ȥǰ֮ȴһ㶼Ϊתתеıյ
Ŷȫ֪飿Ԯ֣ܲ˴
գգ۾СŮҹй֮ԵԷңűӻСŮڴ˵סЩʱա
ϵȴЦˣΪ룬ԸŶӵϢ֪Ŵȴ֮󣬽ĸŮȫһˣ˲ܲ󻼡
л˵
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Ļ, ܿͫһţЩš
Ȼ, ûʲô֤ݵ, 㲻Ҳԡ
ֻǣѵδ㸸, ĸŮ˱û˼ֵǲΣ, ˵ձ㱻˳ʱƾ鷳
罫Ƕ˶һ, ǲһ, 󻼡
˵֮˱㲻, Լ˼ȥˡ
ܿȴǵͷ, ֪Щʲô, ̧ͷ, ֮ǰǸģɫ䡣
ôϹӣأ
ʱ¶һ˿, ң
йһ֮Եˡ
Ƕ˵ĸһ֪, һСݡ֮Ƶͨ, ͻԸƽҲ, ʵҲûζ֪, Ҫ˵ӼŮˡ
ҵӰ, ܵõϢ˲常ǵİȻҲٲλĻӵ
ֻǣȴû뵽ǰλС㣬Ȼһ۾ϳ˽һ֮ԵԼǰ滹ô¶ۼƺҲ鵽鵥
˵ӲĸŮѵ֪£ֻΪͻȻ𣿡
ܿͨǱԼĸƺģԼҲĳ֮Ůˣţ쳻ԼһԹ޶ޡ
Ҳ˼ɫһѿյҶ㸸Ȼк޵ģһһ룬ҲǨŭ
Һ׵ģɲֻǶһˣڰ˺ôȴû⵽ǣۿûнչľֻжһ˻θģ
Ȼϲܿˣ֣ܽҲô֮ԵصҲǿŹˡ
ȻԷôŵţǶܿǲţ˵仰˭ᣬһʱжĥɱ¿ˣԼҲ
СǲţǱ˰ɣȻһŽɵ̬ȣվ㹻ϧأ
ߣõڶܿϵҲµҪȥֺܿ챻סˡ
ȵȡ
ܿ죬ദ̵ʱ䣬ԷΪˣĲ˺Ҳ˶ˣ֮Ӵ˱Ҫլˡ
ңҲԼĸ׵ȥģʹԼĸô±Ҫ⴦ˡ
ܽҺĸ״ȥ
תɫɶؿ˵Ȼԡ
ʱ˴֮һһ뿪ʱȥﶼСģҿɾ͹ܲˡ
쳲ûгŵΪĸŮʲôƫƧȥҲû˵Ҫʲô֮Ļⷴöܿ˼֡
һ˼󣬲¶˾ģãʲôʱĸ״ĸŮҾͽµ֤ݽ㡣
쳶ؿãСҪǵˣպѰӦȥŸ
ָָһջذףĬԵˡ
á

պ󣬴ڷĶܿʰ˶һЩƱЬѵļвϵһЩҲ£
ҪŽǸŮڣҸ׼ŵʱȴͻȻſͨȴǶˡ
һӱ⧲һ֮󣬶ܿĶóȻױ̨ǰĶʱһϲվߵǰ
Ȼסڣظ磬ôˣ
Ҳ˳ϣ鿴ȥ֮ǰ࣬£㡣
ʵΪЩʱգ̲һֱûܴӶ񿵿еõϢƺҲˣ׼ôֱӻ㱨ȥ˽᰸ˡ
ϾܿĸףϢ˵ģȲҪΪá
´һܿЩԥؿʵظ磬еˣʲôʱܼѽ
ʻΪԷʵĲǶ񿵶˿ȻŰ˵ڻУȹʱգͷȥ˵ɡ
ģһ˺ú˼ҵġ
ʱ䲢ܿӱӵʲôϢҴȥˣԼشκ͸֮ܿ¶Ц
ܿ߶Է֮󣬸Ǹȥͺܾ°ĸľУûнλóԭ˻ȥ˴ͷ
ܿ죬˽˵ʱʲô£ҪȥѰӵ˵
Ҳò׼ܿǲҪʲôҪ£Ϊѵ˼Ƭ̣ͬһͬš
Ÿչսǵʱƺˣһڳ䵱ģ֮ǰǸõЮļһ
ûã㱻ŵ˳ŸһһģȻδĸס
ĸȥƺЩԼŮʱŷ§ס֡
ܿ
û°ɡܿӻѳϸһֻЩȥ㾫ŷ
㣬ôˣ
ȷŮº󣬶ĸԼɷʵǶЩһ֪ˣֻ֪ɷͻȻ뿪ֱҵˣĸŮ򱻷ֿˡ
׷ҪĴˡ
ܿȴûκҪ˼Ը׵ĸ鲢ĸףǸ̫̰ĵˣѾĸλȴŸһŻ뻢ıƤýյ³
ǸĮ˽ļһȻαװúܺãԼԸûʲô飬ԶӣĻΪԷܴԼ棬Ҫ˵飬еǲ࣬ԼĶԷ
ⱲĲµģֻˣϣܿʵһͬ뿪
ĸʵЩʱҲЩ²⣬ŮⷬҲֻ֤ˣʵȷʵ²
ǣҪȥĶ
ȥ˲ʶǵĵط
ǣĸЩʴӣһǸ沨ڼʲôɷĻˣûĹǣһӾͲ֪Ǻˡ
ôͳȻҪǺúûŵģѵڻͷȥ˷˵һƬ𣿡
ܿȰʵû˰취Ȳѵܿʧ˵û𣿡
仰˵öĸһ侲Щȷʵţܵûȥһˣ˵һͬҲҪΪɷʬǡ
뿪취òã
仰Ȼƭģ׸ûκοܳ˵ǸϼҹӣӣҲͲʲôҲҪ˵ֱӱС
ĸˣͷ˵ʲôˡ
֮ܿ󣬲óһݵС
ϹӣǳǶһլӵķλҿмһʯиӣװŵıҪ֤ݡ
üǿԷһη޾ӣЦһãһء
ҪסƭңǲܵҶҳʱ͵Ȫˡ
öԷⷬвĻҲ˿壬ǱлϹңСŮףӴ˷ԸԳ
˵֮˳ܿ죬нԶ쳿ȥߵǸĬԵˣȴӰ
л˵
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û, ԭҪ䶨İӣһھһ޴籩, ̲֪Ӻδҵ˶񿵺˹, ĺȻǶµһĸ
λ̲ĴҲʵڼֵú, ˭Ҳ˵ʲô̲ԴŲĶȥ˻ʹ
û, ӹдϢĵöӽ, , һֱΧסĸۡκ˽
ĵ۵, ܿ˶, ֪˽¹ᣬ˽, ͼı, ȦڼУŻʵ¾ϡ
Ϊı֮Ҳ˾ְͨ, ﲢ, Ȼǰɵն, Ҫǣ塣
֮ϣĹԱҲѹ, Ǳְ, ·ŵԶԶ, ûЩ˵Ӱ
Ȼ²δǣ
Ϊӵľ˹Ƕ֪ݵʦһȻҲҲۣܿԳ˼磬ϻȥˡ
ĵȻºݺݴһǳ澡˶ԷҪ˵ûиǿ϶еġ
ϾԼʵ۵òҲ⣬̫ȣȻѷɫЩ˵ɫ
뵽ԼĶӾȻһֱԼ˽»ͬ˹ҪıѵҪԼʵ
ƽȻ࣬ǱϾʺմ״ʣȻҲǲ²ǷԷҲ֪ӵ뷨Ҳָ֮
һ̽ȷȷʵû֮ǳ氲˶ԷҼŰ˵ЩҪ򺡹ǵĻˡ
Ͼ̫ӻδλϻҪԷȶ֡
Ҳݺᣬʶһʰ׸м֮󣬲˻ʹصС
䣬ϴʱҲûж˵ʲôֻ˵Щлʥ֮Ļ
Ǹˣ˽ϵʱҲ̬Ҳ˵Щʲôֶ֧Էϻλ֮Ļֻֻ۱ֻΪЩˡ
ϾҲң񣬾㲻ǶӼλ̫ӵǻ˵Ҳʲô¡
̫ʵ£Щȹϵȥģֻ˲ƷΣʹԼףҲǡ
ֻڶܣԼַӶԴ¼ΪӣЩԾĽ֮µֱһӾ⡣
ĽϵĶȫˣӵܾЩҪ¡
ֻʵû뵽ȻôصĴ£˼ʹѾкۼɾˣֻҪԵϵǾͿ϶Ϊһ̡
ŵϵˣǱȻлɣӦҲ׼ֻǼӵҪЩ̫Ӽλܴ֮չ֣ߵ̨ǰˡ
ãȻЩɣѡԼǿԼ֮λҲˣ⼸Ǻúӵܰɡ
ţɵշת࣬£žʱŷſе˼˯ˡ
ʹУ֪µʺҲһʱʧ򶨣̲סȥʸȴĽ
Ҳû뵽Ϊʲô±ѾҪ᰸ˣΪʲôͻȻ˷ָ֤֣߬׶ݽ˼Ѫ۶ʹ
ǶμĸŮ
Ļ֮˭̫ӣӣ
֪գ͸ðǶĸŮֱӽ˵ģλ䵽ĵز
Уضأô죿
뵽ԼĶ֪ΣһƽҲɵû뾡취Ҳȥĵ飬ȴŶȥ
Ҳֻһơ
Ҳһ⧲Ͼõ֤ݣǰʹ£񱻽ΧסҲ̶չûܵõʲôϢ
ԼΧ֮󣬲ź֪Լ±¶ˣȫˡ
̲סеһ飬ǵȴǸʣ̫ӡ
Է֮ԭ˵һɫĮڶԷǰ¶ɥ֮ȮĿģ
̫ӴʹϧߵԾƿߣϡ
أ㡭
ûʲô˵ġӲԷ˵ЩʲôѵĻ
ʹûĸףиʵ۰˳ɫɶ£˭⼫ˣԼһĸĵܵܣ㩵úܡ
ʲôôǣ̫˼ˡ
¶ƽʱδйĮݣ̫ӲˣԼܵĶϲĴ췴
ǰӲ֪ԷȻôԼԭֵѰȫαװ
̫һ¶Щɫԭ˵ĻҲ˻ȥ˻֣ǰּ
ʥּ⸮ϲŮҲǲɢӱΪȥĹӴ˲̤ʳһ
ԭǰɵնģĵۻˣϾԼ׶ӣԼǰӿ׽Ķˡ
̫ӺСʱѾһСģԼҲӴСƤһֳȻЩȴΪ׽
ֻǿǰҲϲǸӾȻ䵽һ档
ʥּ֮󣬶Ҳû˵ʲôֻǳĬؽǸʥּǾʹһ㡣
̫ӿ⸱ӣһʱҲ֪ÿ˵Щʲôˣֻ̾Ϣһ㣬Ϊ֮ɡ
˵֮תȥˣĶӿԶȥıӰ񿴵˹֣Զǰ棬ԶӮңһʤˡ

¥Ļ쳶ţȻҲ֪˶Ľ֣ձҪڽĿ£ǰƫƧĻ꣬˴˲
Ҳ׷һ˳Ƿµһһ壬з
뵽գȻһѪɫˡ
лĻԮ֣ʵڸм
ȳԷһƣԼһҲл⣬˱оơ
֪Էʲôϲ׺ѵˣؽ̸֮쳱㰵ʾ˴˷⡣
֪ĻӣǷǸλӣҲȤ
˱м֮⣬ҲЩԷΪʲôͻȻѵһλҲԻλȤŻԸִ
ˣɵúú˼һˣϾ̫ûʲôǶԷλڶԷôЩ̲ԣԼΪʾĴϻۣд˴εĳҲ˼һҪҪͶ¡
ϣĻӷǳᶨҡҡͷĿǰǸλÿûʲôȤǸôȥİɡ
ǵǸզզļһˡ
ԼʲôУ㣬һۿȥļʶƲסӿˣǣᷳ
Է֮ҲǲźۼһȻ׼ܲȻõˡ
ɫҲðҴˣˡ
ĻӿһۣЦһ˰֣Ҫʲô
ȻǱѧϰƾ³һԡ
ǾϣؿɲҪʲô״ûȥͽˡ
ĻҲ֪ͷΪ⣬ԭʮþȵĿԣһֱϵδо١
ĻⷬףأĻҲû˵ʲôֻһЦ
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ô, ȻҲţµû̫ĸо, Ͼ޹, ҪĵģȨϷˡ
鷢ֵͦ磬Ҳûʲô״, ǻҷѣĵӾҲݹ߰˰ٻ, ϡ档
ƺĵܵ˺ܴĴȻҲѪô, Щʱ, Կ⡣
ԷЩƵؽ೯̫ӣԼԸٹô, ·һǰϵһ
׶ӶԼ, Ʒͳ飬ĵʵ, ⷬ, ƺҲʧȥţԲ罫󲿷񶼽̫ˡ
⵹ýݾЩϡ棬ϾʷԼǰλλ̫ӵĻʵۿû, Ǹλ϶Ȩ, ɱĸо, κ˶Ϊ֮ԣԸ׷֡
ʷҲȱʱ׳־, ʱȴɵԼĶ, ɹ, ʳӵĻʵۡ
ⷬýҲɵø߿ۣȻʵһ㣬Ҳû˳ƵĵطͦȰҲȨơ
¹󣬾ҲƽϢǺܿȴǸŰĶӣ̸ҲӲἰƺδйһ㡣
ʺȥҲȻû˿Ҹһ仰˵һȺһŲðͷ
ϾǼҲץһӹϵ׽ֶǿϵķϣֻһСˡ
ǵսľҳĵǰ¶Էǡ

һգ԰ŷ羰Դ֪ȽۡĻ԰֮󣬾Ͷãݡ
Щݲһӽ԰Ӷģʮ𺳣ֱԳֲ԰ˡ
Ų԰һʻޣһЩһɫɫƷ֣ȷʵ۽硣
ߵһݵĻԱߣһЩݲݵʱԭֻһƳȴɵͣס˽Ų
ǻЩֵ̿س񣬽ݵ⣬˰֣Ȼϸ˿һֲ
ֲ￪ЩɫĻէȥϡ棬ȴýݸеЩ죬Щ²⣬㿪ϵͳѯʵǲǡ
ϵͳɨȷϣǽƣһݱǹľޡ
õϵͳȷ֮ʵڲ֣Ȼֲ޻
Ϊʲô޻ҵĻ԰
ʵǴв⣬ӡ޻ӦڵΪʲôһȺݲ棿Ҳ̫ˡ
ǰȥĳͬѧУǸͬѧũ޻ʱָЩɻʶԷʲôֲ
ڱԷ֪޻ʱЩ졣Ϊֻ˽ֲʵûļģҴϿ޻Ļ
û뵽޻ǻģֻɫһոտʼɫʱ͹յı仯ͻǳɫɫ
һ֮ĹʵңϱƤëά޻
һȷʵ˲ټʶϳǰֲ
ӦΪʱǻδʶ޻ãֻΪһֲֹ
޻͹ֲʷһʵýݾЩ档
ԭûпʼ޻ֲаš
˵ȷʵ
ʱƽ·һ㶼߸ƳɵĲϣЩ崩Ǹ߼˿ɶƤëƳɵƤ
޻ǺڴҴģǱôͻȻԼĻ԰
ⶫĶģָǰֲ￪ʵ
ƺЩԣ֪ΪʲôʦҪֲǹĿڻص
ǰЩӣһġ
ǴӺδģٴһˡ
̴ӹӦ£ûãǾͰѶԷ˸׳죬˳ҵסڿջδȥ͢
Ṇ̀Щ⣬㽫˴۸ĲƷչȥϡȱ۸ߵĵط
볣˲ͬǣϲĴʲô깣ɽˮĵط̤ˣ̶ֻڼĵطصڡ
ôЩҲûʲôǮ׬Ķ·;ϻˣȥ̫ˣмҡ
ڿջţЩʲôӪ׬Ǯȥδʱķ㱻һȺͻȻ˽
Щһ￴ȥһѵأƹٱӣһпʼ˼ţԼЩǷʲôˣײλˡ
ջСסǶ̽ͷ̽ԵģȻЩ£ǻǰ಻סֵģ̴úҪץӷһ㡣
ҼҴһ𡣡ͷȭ˵ɫȥҲûʧ̬
Ͼʦ˲ûʲôУֱ˷ײ˺ˣ˹ʦۡ
ԷĻ֮͢ǿԼķããץľͺá
ЩʶԷλҪǿ⸱亷µģջǲҿڣԼĻ˻ȥ
ˣȻ֪ˡ
һ·ժ¥ǰһȻ˹ɫ仹Щš
ѵȻλʦҪ
ȻڼǰϹһݱ񣬵ȴԼ΢ݣܼλصĹʦһ档
ϾλʥϺ̫ӶмӣҵĶλһСأ
ЩʱҲ͹ЩһӦ⵱ȻҲ֮С
ֻû뵽󣬾Ȼ˸Ӧж¡
˽˸֮ؿʼԼݣʹԼõòʦðԷ
վڴУǰһ磬ߣܿ˹ʦӰ󷽡
͢سԷһ񣬼ʹֻһӰҲ̧ͷ̽ʦò
ϵģ
ݿڣָŴֲʵ
֪ǹʦҪԼ֮͢ŬԼϵ²ԼܵõʦټضΪԼϵĶ
ŹʦϲЩ֮󣬱Լİ׵ӲݣȻҲʲô֮ʤϡ棬ټϴ
û뵽ȻΪ˹ʦע⡣
ڸд˲ݸ壬ֱӿڵСϡС;ʱֵһֻݣػ֮׵ӡ
ʵ룬˿ϸ˶ȡ֯Ϊ
öԷĻһʱЩ
ԭΪֲǱײҵģǴʲô߾Ǵʲôģû뵽ȻǱ߾Сֲġ
ѾʶֲãѾʼԱ֯ɲˡ
ΪʲôϳһϡٵģΪֲûеõռҲûжʶá
ֻ
͢˵ͷ㵽һԥˣСƽȥĵط棬ȷʵֻ
ȫϾδĵطֲЩء
ȴЦˣ˵Ͻ
˲鵽Ϣʮ䣬߱ʮأȥ߾С㼣˵Ǳ鲼ĺˣһʶˣ˵ֻҲ˶ˡ
ѯȥ֮ܿ϶Щȷʵ޻ȻܸߣǱѾ˿ʼԽֶάԭϷĳ֯ɲˣ׵İ׵ܱ߾ӭ
ţ̫ӵҪһˣϾ޻ֶȷʵĺöһռһջݼˡ
ſɻѰ鲼ѣЩʱֱɣ鲻ӳԼֽ
ȻѲᱡֽɵģƤݴ֮Ƴɵġ
ȻѰﱣůҲڱ壬絲꣬Ҳʤˡ
ˣ˽֮󣬽ݱ㻽ˣ޻͢һ̫ͬȥˡ
ֻ˴˾仰ů±ºΪڲɣ
л˵
޻ͷ;ϱ·ҹ׷ݵغʱڣһֱͣڱ߽δܹ㷺ԭ
ڰмġμǡ棬Ҳἰʱڱ޻ֻһֲֹ
һΪĩԪʼ޻Ź㷺ֲռأԪרһľ˾ľ޸ڵľ޲һָľ޻
ʱڣԪҲƹ޻ֲǿƹ涨ĶʮĶߣɣ޸Ķ
ڡ顷أ߲½³ľʵݣ˿ϸΪ׵ӡ˶ȡ֯Ϊףɡ
峯Ӧġʡмأ֮Ϊãůٹ޲֮±ºΪڲɣҲ
? 60 
ݵķԸ, ͢һӶЩԼĻ
ʲôŸոռ˹ʦ, ±Ҫȥ̫
Щֲ̿, ϾֻһͨͨˣǰģҲϼҵλ֪ˡ
Ȼʹ, üգ⣬ֱð̲ϵ°
, جج̴һͬ˻ʹһЩ, ʧðˡ
Щ, ĵۿΪ͸ģȻϲ, Ҳϲ, 뻹ЩθС
ǳ׵ؽϵĶ̫ӣȻû˵, ҲѾ, ̫λûмλļͻʵ۲ˡ
ԭϾ̫ӣЩѹĴ, 춼ææµµġ
, Ͼϻλ֮س, ̫ҲӦúܿ졣
գʦȻ˴һ, һ˵Ҫµʱ, еʱһ, Ҵҵ˴˴
̴ӵһ̫֮Ӽֱ۷Ź⣬ߵֲǰϸһ
ֻδŹէȥҲѰûʲôͨͨģʤϡټûʸ԰С
ǹʦǷʵǷ̫㣬ҲɵĲѡ
ʲô书Ȼܸɣأ
ϸ˵˵׵ӲݡһԵ͢ﻹһЩȲ
͢ȻʮֽţǻǿԼһһ
·;нʶһλˣԷԼһͬǰͬľɫ͢ûʲôһҪȥĵطҲʮˬĴӦ
һЩŮֲİ׵ĶĳߣƳɲڼϷ
ȻȲϳЩվտ֯ǣȥЩֲڣ㾫£ֲʤڽʮ͸ڵرȽȵĻ£Ǻܻӭġ
ҲһЩ׵ҿֻݴδЩϡ棬һ׵Ӳݣһ˻
ֻʵû뵽ǴͷĶȻԼһȺصĹʦǰλޱȵĴϡ
͢ĻУ̫زʲô˵ֻݽĹʵһ׵ĶǱ֮ܵöࣿ
ǵģ¡͢룬Ī˵ǰ׵ӿȥë
̫һ±йϣëһ֯ɲϣȡů޻ȡȴΪ㣬ҪķԼʱ䣬ȡɾһ֯ɲϡ
ϡٵĲϣһǱ߾ΪƷģȻůЧѣǼ۸ʵڰ
̫ӣҲֻʮƥĲϣˡ
͢˵ְ׵ݿֲ֯ɵĲȻůЧȲޣѰ鲼ȣȻҪõöࡣ
һȡްޣȥ֬ϴɹɺɴ
Щ˽ְ׵Ӵһֱ֮˼򵥲ůЧҲΪϼѡ
̫һӾʶаصľ޴ĺôƽϢȥɫȥЩԵϲ֮顣
ã̲ס̾һȻ͢İ׵ȫҪúò鿴һ
˽份Ҫǰȥϸ鿴һ׵Ӳݣʵ浱ˣ˽ӵֲԼֶ֯һⶫܲϳȫֲ
ȻҲֲｫڻ޷Ϊֲ׼
ˣֲֲֻɵ깱
̫ʵȨĴԸ£Ȼչݱ
͢İ׵ȷʵ˵鲼ֲڣҸӱů
ˣȷ֮󣬺ة̫ӵּ⣬͢һͬǰѰҴ
ϾϵģһȥطͨԣһЩ˻Щ飬һȷʵʺϵˡ
ְ֤֮׵Ӳȷʵ󣬿ϴĹͷϣܵ͢øʲôְλ
֮͢һһοɲһΪһ˴Щ뿪ˡ
һж飬һλϵԷȻҲ֪ǰϢȴЩϻ̳Ͽ֡
ϾΪϳСǿʢǰַš
ϳ֮ǵԮ֣Ҳ࣬ǹǵѪԼ°һ
ȻȴλϳĴ٣ΪʲôϾܱС٣Ҳֻв۵һ
ڵ֪ԷΪ˹һֿ֯ɲֲǰЩԣλʮ֣ģҲ￪ʼֹѵ⻹ʲôޱĶ
ȻҲù׵ģⶫϳЩޱȣҪʮ֯ķѼܴһĹ͢ȣȴѷɫࡣ
ϳĻʵҲȱһҲⶫʲôϡġ
ʮϵؽóֲԼ֯Ƕ˹
ʱȻջļڣЩ˼лһЩȥժδӹ֯޻
ةһϸ飬Ѽ֮Ҳܿʶֲܴľ޴ô
ǿԴģֲôðǴϸӱůѣﶳˣҲࡣ
ǺֲϾ˵صعϡ±֮ҲȥԵˡ
Ϊﲻ˿УЩƽ֮óȥҲϲ̨棬ҲδϹ
͢ײǣ׸˹ʦʦۣһ۱˴ＫĹãǧ
ϢͨΪҪȵóһʱ䣬ǲִܷĹãƹ
ˣةдŸ̫ӣϱ£˻֮Ž̫ӼΪӴϣڹƹֲպ󣬻ôÿ깱
ϾǸˣЩʱææµµΪУͲһЩѶϢ
˶ԷȷеϢ֮ȻҲϲõġ
ϾһϳĹϵӽܣõӳ̶Ҳߡ
ǹᣬƣȻ۸񰺹󣬵ǲߡ
Ʃܱ֮࣬ҲСǸøࡣ
֮ʯΣֻǴﲻϳЩúãζЩɬ۸񲢲ߣֻΧͨϳȥ
ǹʵ㸻ԣϳһЩСø㡣
նԷ˼ǹҲһָܻӭľϾ㿴ϳĴٶҪⶫ
һƾְ׵ӲݣǱͨ︻ԣϾطƺû˵ֶ
ȱľǵˣֻûʲôرʺֲԵƶúܡ
ˣûпǶñֱӦˣĥҪȥЩĵأְֲ׵Ӳݡ
ةشЩԼһЩֲ꣬ЩʱѼֲҪ㼰ḻṳ̃˻س̵·
л˵
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ة͢Ѵ˼¡Щʱ, ǵǾľϸоһǰ׵Ӳ, һЩ, Ҳ˽ֶĹá
ǵӺֲؾʱ򣬾ԭЩӣΪĺة, Ҳɵؼ֡
ĹְȻͣ˿ѾǸ, ᱻϳʲôٹˡ
ȴδǹԼĺųٻδо֮ʱ, мΪƶ, ּ֮׳Բڴֻĸڼ֯廨, á
Ĺ⾰ޱ, ĸ׻ڼ֯Ҳ۵, ʮ֯һƥµĺ
ֻ, ЩȥǮȫΪҩΪԼīֽȥˣ, ʣǮҲࡣ
ĸ֯ô಼, ȴǮԽ, ֯أϴȴԾ¡
ᶬ, һʱ, ֻܾ, ڼϰΣֶýӲȴûбȡůʽֻܴһֶ֣д
ǼʵѾȥ˼ˣÿ궬죬·߶ܿˣЩ·ǰߵĶ£ǰ޲ɳҲȡůֻ޼¡
ãо٣ҳһʿһŵְλϡ
ڼл㸻ԣĸҲٰҹˣֻڼаĵϷƽѾֱˡ
ةȴδǹʱ붬յĳǺ䣬Ѿһ꣬ǾЩĿ
ʵܹ׵ӲƳɵĲϣƳɵѣϲһĹ򣬱ܸоů֮Ѿ಻סеϲ֮ˡ
ֶܴƹ㵽ȥʱ˶һѣʱǲһһعסԼ㲻ٶôˡ
Ԥ뵽𵽵ļ֮󣬺ةʱһ㣬ץʱ¼ֲĸϢֽЩḻũ
ȻһֶƹҪʱġ˵ֻδо͸֪ϰԾεľˡ
ҪڸݴΪƹĻҲҪķһʱ䣬ϾϳԸȥһʱ֮Ҳȥ
ǣҪ£һձһգҲܾˡ

һ˻صУ̫ӵ¡̫ӴУҲѾ˽
ۼЩӰ׵Ӳȡ޻ԼЩ޻ѣԴ֮Ҳɵϲ¶Ц
ȻЩȻȲЩƤ»Ǻ멣ȥҲ¡ڰ˵ҪǱ˲ұů
޻ֲܴһ֮ƳɵѼ۸Ҳ󣬼ʹͨҲһĻʹ˶ܶȵ
㵱ϣֲֲЩũٺʹЩḻũһ룬ֲ¼ⶫǷҲֲܴ
ԭո˵ӣרũӦƽֻ¼̽飬Ͼũǣһæµ
ԭ˾ضԴҲЩ棬ﵽµЩͬǱߣͱЩæתļһץ׳¡
ʦ˵Ǳ߻ȱ֣Ű˻
֮һʮֻῴһصȵ£Щ˼оûʲôֳһĶɲϴֲŵˣЩ˼ﻹһء
˱˼ңҲƵĴְ׵Ӳݡֲⶫ˼õϡˡ
һЩ˼ңԼһ׵ӲΪ٣⿪ͻᣬԼеĲʵ
̫ӵǶ⸱״ԾЩԸǮ죬ҲȥˡպЩ֪ⶫҪƹ㵽ҼһֲʲôϡټĶ֮Ҳû˻ˡ

ȻҲ֪һϵϢ̫֮ӵӡҲˣһȷʵϵ֪޻ܷӶ֮󣬱ǰȥȡˮҲʲô˷顣
Ļʵۣ˵ͻ鷳ܲܳԱůҲ£ЩƽܻȥҲˡ
аԸпţԼҲãͳ߲ʲôҲʲôӹˣͳ֮£óЩŸ塣
ȻһѹեգܰĻӹʵۣôʹóٸ߲ʳҲûá
ʳĶܷʮӦأֻӹʵյ˰Ҳһʮʱһģֳôʳ˰ȥ֮Ҳʣ˶٣ǻǵÿŶѳɽĵȣȻ
ɵøпԼóǸβĵҩöˣлˣʺϵʵ۵ġ
̫ⱲһݵĻҲƽüʮأҲԸˡ
֮þвٸ˼Ҷ磬⻨˴Ǯ޻ؼϸţٰͻᣬͻʵ޷ҫ޻
ЩЩäĿݹʦЩ̫ʾãݶĳʵǻúܡ
·쾩޻޻ķ糱һʵЩЦԷǣȥմ֣Ъ˼
̫Щ˼ҵĲͬˣͬǽʳ㺬Ž׵ˡ
̫Ϊ˽ⶫ֮뵽˰գ취оֲⶫҪΪƹ㡣
˿ⶫȻҲӴϢ֪ãҲûзϣûʶҪԡ
ҲΪʦޣ̫ӿأŰһϡ涫Ϊ׷
֮ʱһֵģ˶¹Ȥȥʦڳ޹Ķ
һЩϢͨİҲ£Ҳֻǲ෹̸ţļҹֻ˶ôһֹŹŹֹ֣֪ʲôõĻݡ
ǵУֻݿ϶رÿϵɲһܵ˹ʦһޣЩǲŻỨôļǮҲҪء
Ȼǳԩͷˣ
̸۵ΪѰִһ˿ĽϾڰУʵǲôǱ˿еĶܺʲôϵġ
ǲ뿴ܼ۱ǧɲݣǸʲôģлһ棬պҲд̸ˡ
˵Ҳմһմء

һţʱȻţЩ޻ҲٵӦ˾ǵʼһɳš
һߣũЩȣҲڵջļڡ
˼ȻǴԼͽȫ̿¼ŵģȻӳ뿪ʼѰȲͬ뼫࣬ҿӣбԤϡ
ۼЩһձһճʢڿʵǰصѹ˵ĵȣԶԶȥһɷվӣǰ಻סеļߴŵµ˿Щոȣ
ʵũôЩѾʮоˣ鿴һ֮ʵб˴ŹջʱĿڴ֡
л˵
? 62 
ЩũǽЩĵһһո, ͳһɹ֮ôͳϽѹ, еĵӶѺ, һרŴĹȲУȻСͳƳء
ԭջ⼸գĹũǸ, ֻȴǣ˾Ȼǲǰġ
Ҫջ, ˭ܰסеļ֮飬úõذڸأ
, Ҷû˼, һܵԼũǹ۲ػصũһһ, ջĵ͵Ȳȥ
Щһ۵ô, ˭ûкۣ˫ðؿŴԼͳȥ, Щװ, һ·ټҹҲͣЪ
Щũũʳÿ궼칫иճ, һϸʲô, һĻ, Ͷ׸ˡ
ǲֻ࣬ϣʳջ, ճɶһɰɵ, ǶҪлϲ, ֽġ
ǴδЩϾȻܳôൾȣʵڲţԼУֳôʳ
ȻûгڻջĹУҲܴ²²⵽Щӹʦ֣ջĵȣƽʱջЩҪϸü
ÿֵĵӿԳΣֻһصճɣ͵ֵǼճˡ
ܲǼأ
պҲܼЩȣô˻꣬ջʳҲܹǳԵˡ
ջ⼸ũ˯ʱ򶼼˯ţʼ
ҪԺҲЩӣǲǴҶܳԱˣ
ҲδӣǶǴ˵صׯ޵ٵأֻңظ֡
ǼҪҽ⣬ҪΪٸ˰ʹ˰ϿͷʣʳҲûжˡ
ֳʳգȫҲֻǿ±ѡ
ôʳҲɵҡҷ
ʳֻʮ֮һЩҲȫҶˣȥ׬ЩǮ
һͳһЩͷЩ׵ũȴһһõͦá
Ȳ˵֣ܲЩׯں֡
⻰һһЩҲϾĶȷʵɼ֮϶ǻṩЩٹ˵ģô׾ܵϵġ
˵ʳô࣬ѵ˰Ͳ𣿡
Щүɲʲôˣݵôʳ
̬ģ˵ĻҲ⵹һӰЩͷȵˣһӶˡ
ǰ㵱Ѿ̫ƽʱˣʲôʱ̰ģɼôʳ϶Ҫ뷽跨ȥġ
Ҳһ˵˼бмʮĶ˿УӲҪԼ͵ļ۸ǿļ۸񼸺ûʲôˡ
һȻǲԸģϾũǵĸûЩأҪıأ
ֻȴûϵ뵱صĹԱմ״ʣǿ򲻳ɣʹֶΣҶȥǮǷӲҪǰｻʹǻǷ˼ʮӡ
ǲͨũ֮Ҳֻܲѽｻȥ
ûأҲֻѰңأܼȥ
⻧ĵزյӲߣǻǱȲոԼɣһҪ˰һҪ˰
һˣҲýͰ͵ģЩȻûʲôοԵģʹۼЩһʳҲЩʳԼʲôϵ
ЩҪϽЩ˵ģǿû֡
⻰һôԭȸԾ鶼ƽǰܺˣõЩ֣Щ˰ܲ
ˣٶʳҲû취ѽ
ˣһЩлΣľ쿪ۣܳԱء
㲻ģΣһ룬Ҳ
ȥû˿ˡ
ȻݺݴһǵڶգЩ˻ȻոɹŵȣԺؿһߵʳ
ȻЩҲЩũǵĹͣǴ󲿷ʱׯڿɶźģЩɶԼֳġ
֪Щʳ󲢲ԼǻǲɵòǿҵԺ֮顣
˾ضЩũǣʼʱũԣЩȣһǺ
ضȱǮҲȱʳӲЩȥҫۣΪʳÿյķʳδЩʱûʲôθڣֱ˳ȥ
ʦôʱգڲۼЩȷգôõʱЩũÿնسݴ棬СӦׯڣھãЩʳʵޱȣķô˵ջ
˾򶨵ö࣬ŲֱͣǰǱߣԿƽ
󲿷ֵĵȶѾռ¼Ĺ˵ЩＴΪƶ񤣬͵ģĶҲʮһʯ
˵ЩǷ˾źˣĿǰߵĶܴﵽʮʯ
ЩˮЩѼӵأѰȣȷʵǸЩ
Ȼ࣬ǼջѼһãʡ˲ٹҲѾʮ־ϲˡ
¼ЩСǣȵ䲻±ʣеֽʣǰ鿴һǲţȻֳ֣Ѱȷ߰˱Ĳ
ٺһһߵĲҲѾǰ㾪ȵʧ̬ӣˡ
еĵȫͳ֮˾ԼרĽ˶ʮļκ̣ȥ˻ʹ¡
ʹҲһƬרſѳũֲ֣ջ֮󣬹Ȼͣǰȥ
ùЩĵҲʮʯ֮࣬ЩЩȻ˵ĵۣҲӡ
ԭùʦֻ֮ţЩи߰ʯѾ㹻ˡ
û뵽ȻܳǵϣԤĻҪࡣ
˾Ļ㱨ۼ˾жʮļκ̣˽⵽µЩȣߵĶܴﵽʮʯ
ĵ۶أǿѹм
ãðпš
ǰһļκ̣˱Ѿ֮ˡбǾ룬໹жʮ룬񲻱ضˣ
ĵ۶޲һƪ£¸ʾ֪¡
еҲ۷׷ף˵ʲôϢһ㣬˽͵͵̸Ŵ¡
Щʳ̫ǣ͵͵һСװСƿͬλʦ˵ĵһչţϣܱǳԱůƽƽ
ڶգϵλԱҲһ˾һ߷׷״Щκ̣ҲΪ
˵ʦԣܲʮʯ֣Ͼδۼš
ũϸϸ㱨˸ջճƽҲʮʯ֮࣬ڳ˶ɵþ̾
Ѱճ֮߱࣬ǹʦóĶְ
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֪λʦȷʵ, Ԥ֪߲꣬, ȻҲǼΪ羴ġ
±Ͼǹϵ, ֮ҲֻипԼûȾ߲ıûٶˡ
ϾǻǺ֪֮, мʹɵˮôӦҲֻǱº̫, ȷˣФأ
Ȼ, Ҳûб, ֺùʦͬ˴, ô, Լ㹻ˣ˹ʦأ
, ô, ûһ٣õʦĻᣬȥİȫԭ˻ˣҲ¡
ҹʦҲΪ, ˱ҽ, ݹ, ƶ֣֮ʵǲ⡣
Դ̫˾һ, λҲôͶݰ, ŷҲ, ժ¥Żָյİ
߲֣ڳ˾һʧնׯķȣ̧ڵеǲһ㡣
ԱΪԼˣתͷԼͬȷϣʮʯʯ
ڵõ϶֮ǲγһ㣬Ҳɵ¶һ˿Ц
Ͼũ˰ҵֻ֮е˳Ա˷˼Щ£ܷչҵԲǺ̸׬Ǯأ
ĸ߲ĵȣ̶ܴܺϽʳ⣬ʱִһƬգҼһܳϷĺƽʢ֮
ЩǰܳԱԼܵõյǮһ̣˶лŷĵϲ֮顣
һЩԭǺųʶĹԱ֪˸߲ĵȣƹ㵽䣬𵽶ãö˶ܳϱٶôˡ
ˣǱӦЩƹȥ
ĵȻҲģ˻ʹƬЩһʳ󲿷־ɹصġ
ֻϳϾˮֻϷֲϷڶ࣬ƹֲֵܷٵ֣Ҫϸһġ
һʱ֮仹¾ϣһ֮󣬱㲻ˣ֮Ҳ飬дԼĿġ
ЪˣλʦϾֿǶԷóģʳõء
ĶǱ˳ҲϸбʾС
ЩֿʼĻ⣬Ϊλʦ𣬺񳯰ݡ
һȴͬʼݸոճûã˵ҲҪΪǵʱΪжŶ˵ľηֺ֮顣
Ͼ޶·ɷȴͼĹ»鱦Ҫı˼ɣаš
ϾЩ˲ЩˣԱԼǿصˣȻη֮顣
ǲŻΪֺöԷһ˾ǲˡ
ȴĳٴ˴¡
ϾǰЩ˸߲ƹȥ˶Ա֣ǧ𶼲䱦ˣȴʦ׵ر˳ʵǲò̾Էػµˡ
ɼңóĶ
ҲѾޱ̾ˣڵϣڸΪʦ˽֪š
֮ϣ˿ʼʹƽϲĻ飬Ҳһĳ̬ʼ²λͬ
ֲǻʵ۴ľҪʲôݻ֮£㲻˲ƣȻҲûʲô˵˵µǼΪҪһʸûǮ
ϾʦˣΪϳô£ĹͣȻðս֪ţĹ¡
ݻ֪ЩɲģֿʼҪΪ£ʱųļκ̣ǻδѿǵĵȣҲѾǵľӨס
ָ걻̶̴ľչ˵ĵȣ¶һΪǳЦЩȻЩ㡣
Щʱյ任ΣŮףˣլҲϰΪʲôӶˡ
յûбʲôģֻжյĹâ˾Ȼģʮֳڣǹ֮󣬵ǰΪơ
ݿǰЩջĵȣŸоԼƴ֮ǰļ䣬ЩϤ֮С
ϾŴĵȺִĻвִͬרЩ࣬ҲգȥЩġ
ǰĵȲΪϤ֣ôѾһʱ䣬δȥĽݣ˶ݵĳ
֪ԼҪãܻȥأ
뷨ʵãܿ㽫ԼӸղŵ˼гʼŵ˵Ļ㱨
һԣոֵһԵĵޣŽ¶ǸǳЦЩ
ȻǼʦ¶ЦģʼǸСһΣǸϵˣԼֵʱ
ǣδЦչʦδ¶ɼȥͬһ㣬ãһ̣Է·Ҫɢ磬꣬Ѵ˽ȥ
Цƺűֺų
ԼƼˣǸδԼȥСһ
ֻ·￴һۣ߰ƣ޵ķڸסߵΣҲδ塣
ֻһ룬ãģ
Цȥ֮־ǰ˺ִϻص˼䣬Ǹңɼϲޱӡ
вɵһ޵оһʱҲ˵ʲôֻú˼ѹӢһ㣬ŰԼҷš

һһ۵ػ㱨ţǰЩׯϳĵȣ˳˽Щһ֪˴˴ηյˡ
ȵĲ֮ʱݲɵе˵ͷԤûҪϲ٣ҲΪרϣ˾̷ţƹ㵽ĻӦûһЩҲٺܶࡣ
ϾǹŴˮʩеԼ֮ĶȲִճҲܲˡ
ˣһջ񶼽Ϊַַصʱ򣬽ݱ㿪ڵأЩҲһزУְɡ
ֻĵȣȫ˻ȥϾ˵ЩҲʲô֮ǴЩȻҪԵģҲ
˵Ӧŵ⼸䶫뿪ˡ
ݵû˸ղŵĳϲԣȴɵøڽչûǺ˳ܻܿؼˡ
л˵
趨еϷݵģддûڸˡ
ȷʵдߣŮҲʺ̸ڹŴ̸ģӦûִɡ
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˼֮, մǻǾЩַַʮݸ⼸طλϲв, ʪ, ˮ϶ࡣ
еϵϳ֣ÿʳͼռȫ֮, ɳƵǡ֮硱ˡ
ޣЩַֽЩݸ, ɵصٺȰũٸѡֲģӵй, ַȥЩũ
ΪʵǹϵĴ, ֮󣬱ܿ쿪ʼת, ɵؽЩȫַݸȥ
ЩݸڵõЩ֮, һЩϢͨļһﵹ˵˴ӾﴫϢ˵µõ, ȥջ, Ҳǳ֮ߣһҼʮҲܳԵñ
Ϣת˺üҲԽȻԸµ, һ֪, ϶ǹϵ, ӣҲ
϶ǻʵ۲ųԵϵĶ
ЩԱ, õϢҲ׼ȷö, ҲǺžȻ¡
ڵ֪ĵΪ˴, صȺǰ巵ԷιЩյĵȣ˻ӻҼ״˵һϯ֮ǵĵһЩ
˴ϯ󣬻вٹԱижд˲ʫ£˵
ȻҪĻдʦģ´ԼӸ񣬲дԵѻ
Щʫ󲿷ֶǸ蹦̵µģһ˱ͲŻڣȻְߣ̳ȴλԺգ׫дһƪɵܿ㴫ﵽ˸
һƪʫûֱдɵúģдԼϯ֮ϳԵһСףζ˷·һƮƮɣɾüΪдɾؾס
ֽԼɾۼ˼λˣЩģüۺЦʶྰɫ
ƪ֮һӾ˵Ŀ⣬˼ƪʫɵóɵǺεζ˳٣Ҳۼɾʲôģ
һ͢ʦ˵ʱĵۿȥһŭģԵ̫ºʹЦ϶Ž⡣
״λǫϯϻһ׾Ө׷Ĵһ࣬һƬյĵ
ϷһλվƶˣŻָƮɵŮӣɫЦЦȱ׿·ϯлһжʮķĵ̣ˮ״
ӫƮ䣬ڵﴦԼϣƣȥޱƽ͡
̾ܵ˵Ŀ԰ݷλʦΪۼһ
ûã⸱㱻׸ĵۣĵȻҲմãʮ⣬󻭵ʮϣһ֮ࡣ
һͣһʶһͬƷ֮ȻЩᣬǾ׸ʦҲùʦǵһǻм֮顣
յ֮ʵĬһ
ʱĻǹʻʹ˴ĿϣزʣɫΪḻɫŨءȥȷʵһɫƷ
ǰǣ滭˲
Ȼ˳òǺ񣬿ȥƮƮΪḻǴӻϿһ۾ܿǸúľԼ
оʵμˣҲͻˣҪר͵ǰ
ԿóʦļȷʵܲȻ񲢲ܿдʵÿﻹиԵصģʶĻҲܴҳ
ǣΪеļƣýݿϷǸȷʵԼ̬ԾμֳƿĹ
ĺܺã´βҪٻˡ
ݿ۾˽˻ȥЩҲжţ֮ϣܽҳǻǰؽ֮úյ˿ⷿ
ݸഫţҲǽŽɣǵõЩ֮󣬵طȰũٻǾҵҵѡ˸Щһһַȥ
طתʹصؽ֮ҪдڽҰ֮СڲԱߣרݸ֪ˡ
лء֡ѿȲ裬дʮ֮ϸһ˴š
󲿷ֵõֵȻ˳ޱȣΥ͢Ԥʱںúø
ǱϾֹԼЩͻȻóִٷӣǶЩţԼʲôûֺá
ˣ˰ȥǿôźð
ЩһЩҴﳤصȥʱصһСմ״ʣЩ飬ﳤҲʮֺ¼١
ﳤóԼֵһЩߣǰȥСټ״ֿ˻
ϾԼ֪Լ£ȻƽѾ˲õĹˣʵСÿٺ»ʵߣÿ춼ܺȾƳ⡣
ӭȥϴЦ⣬尡һôⰡ
Ȼô˵ţȴûƾܣǽ˽ʹɫü˸Ͻ˾ԼҪԶúúһ
ﳤǹһЦ˰֣ܿأʧ˹أɲɡ
˱һߺȾһ̸죬ƹѲ֮ﳤ˵˴е⣬֪֪ηĵֿʲô·
Ȼ֪ⶫǻʵ˷ǵģȻҲ϶ǸöǱϾϵǵĿ⣬ҪأЩ׼ȷϢҲð˴˵ġ
ͨ㣬ϢҲѿٴЩϢ컨׹ģҲ֪ĸĸǼ١
οЩֺģֱǣҲô࣬ЩֵصʲôֻԼĵؾˣôʲô
СȴǷ˾Ʊһӣ壬ҿҶˡ
Ȼְߣǽȴʮֹ㷺ĸﶼʶˣȷʵϢʮͨ
⵾ֿǺöǷ֮ר˼죬Щٸ̣޲ðⶫȫԼȫԼһֵˡ
ǺԱǰЩӣר˺ˣֵøĵ֡
ﳤɫȴЩ죬ŶЩֲȱʳĻõǮȥ
СһۣúܣͲ֪˰ɣһΪ˰ͽᣬʳǮĶӶأ
ЩҲЩմմ
ԭͷ˼ﳤ⻰һЩûӦʲô˼
СѹڽȻΪĶ϶մģЩԱ⸻ϱʹëŶȾЩ˵βء
⻰ʵЩ鸡һЩֻŵϢռЩ˶ѣһһȷʵʵЩտˣôӡ
ȻûЩ˵ĺ񣬽֮Ϥ˻ˣϾ潻á
һЩǼһЩ˷ħˣҲ֣ѵȫβԼ³©Ҫְġ
Ϣ˽´ˣЩзֵ˵ֵļһһǵʲôһԸһҪúöԴи
ˣﳤоЩԾЩַʱôûʲôͬأѵȳˣûˡ
ǻм٣λʦ˴Ķ֪ɣ
˵صطƫԶЩܶϢûܴȻ֪йʦôһˣǾǸʲôģʲô£ȴǲ֪ġ
ϾÿææµµѾܺķѹˣЩ£һļһЩʵԼҵһĶֵƽϢҲڴܶسﶼûȥҪ˵ЩϢˡ
ﳤϢͨЩҲЩ˵ԼԼһЩ̾ˣҲֻ˵λʦ˵úܣܺ绽꣬־βء
ɲλ˿ǴʵţⶫҲϴı
С˵ţȳһҪô˵ɵĶǲһأⷢĵ֣
ﳤ֮һЩţæȷһԷȻһȷӣ˼֡
棬ôడ
ȰũǴʵ˵ò࣬ҲĶǻһ˭ţֻΪֿ϶еģһʳûôġ
˾˸֪ĻǲţԼϢȴŲɡ
ﳤȻлǣѾ߰˷֣Ҳ˵ף޲ͻȥôһú֣Ҫ˿
ǹƲ˶٣Ͼȡģ϶磬ҲһЩ
Сûаѻ˵ֽ˼֣⵹ﳤŲɡ
ǰҪǵҲԼҵҪõö࣬϶ʲôֳһƬôܷգˮӻ־ܰˮˡ
ﳤʵֵصģ̤ʵ˼֡
֮СʼӸϢλĹʦ컨׹ģЩ˵úԼۼԷһ
ﳤҲʮϵػӦţ㷹֮ȻƵŲӻ˴壬ЩϢ˼ˣǿɵúúöԴЩ֣˵ҲлȾһء
㲻УҪֳôʳҲ϶ɵˣɵĶֳôɡ
л˵
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ȴ֮, ũ𶼳ϲ֮УϾǿν֤ʷ, ۼ˸߲, ȻǴֳġ
Ҫǧŵ°ʱʹԼܼʷ֮ϣֻܵøĳĳȡ֮ĳƺ, Ҳ㹻ˡ
ʷϲдǣҲԼдԼĹ, ýк֪ǲλʦ, ֳ˹ʦóɵء
һЩׯũ֮, ˽ҲʼݵЩֻһ, ˵Ŀɲʲôҩʦ, Ǳӷյ˾ũɾˡ
Щ˶ۼշվģ˵ʱ, ЩĿܾǷ, ˣš
ǺЩٻлʵ۶д³̣һЩֶַʮݸ֮ŽŽɡ
Ѳ, ֺö
ȻĻ, Щٹô, Ƶдʫ³蹦̵¡
ˣܶ˶͵͵ﵽժ¥ǰһ, û, ͱˡ
, Щֻ˶Σ˵ڼϣǸ꣬иճɣĪҪˮˡ
ʵҲʵڸ˵úܣ޲ȫ¶֪ϢԼдһƪǸֿеޣǹʦԼʵ£ַ֮ߣʵڿŷ´
һصطڹԱͣȻһƬ蹦̵¡
֮ȻûǽݣǺ޲ýĺöȫѡӦֻΨֶԷЩ
һһıˮһԴԴϵͽ˹ʦҪѡ˼լӣרЩ
ʲôϡټıʯ飬ɺ磬ʯֻһֻʮ˵ϣĺѪĵ۽Լ뵽ӵеĶȥ
ңǰȥѯ˹ڽ֮£ԭõÿضʼ˽ǹʦ¡
ֻΪʦʵǲԸ˴ľ˲ƣĵһԼ˽ﲦǮھһʦǵطиԸǮԸ޽ôҲǿԵġ
ĵۻţˣɣضҲҪڷŷĹ£ҪǿģͲˡ
ȴЩΣȻ֪ԼóĶȷҪϾ󲿷ֻϵͳĹͣҪΪΪʵ֮
ֻ˵ǿ޽˵𲢲˲ƣӰ칦¡
û뵽ĵ۵ӻǴԼ˽Ǯ޽ṩĴԸǰ˵ȻͲ˲ˡ
Ҳû˷ӣˣ޾ްɣֻҪûǾͿԵû¡

ũڶݼյ֮»ص˸λϣϾʱˣǽſɻвҪ
֮ǰ޻ǵһо֮£ȷⶫȷʵô󣬶ЧʵǳǶⶫҲǰôˡ
ҴӲ٣ȷ̫֮ӱʱԶִʮĶ߶ҪֳĶֲ
Զԭ͵شƣ¶󣬲޻֣̫ӻһũǰȥֲָ
и״ҲƵĿʼ޻ӣϾǼʵȱϡ涫˹ۣ˵պ󽫻зҵĶȻԸһѣǶӮˣǿɾˣܴ׬һˣˣҲ˷ЩСǮҲ˶١
ȴش͢ȻҲûбǣ̫ӵһʹͣӹʦõ˼νǮ̼ػҪˡ
ĵڵ֪֮󣬴ϲ֮£֣һһ䣬͢Խһֶȥ̫ѧ顣
ȻǾһģȻʱ˵λߣ뻹ƾٵģǼкܶʿΪֱ̼ͭΪ顣
˾Զ飬Ҳҵõ̵˵л̫ѧˣǿǵüﲻǮ㹻ȨƹϵУѰ᣿
˵ҲΪԷһöְ
ûʲôٵ£ˡ
ǸһʣҲһΪѵĻᣬ۶Էͬʽ飬ץסὫгϢֶ飬ȥ
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ϹȴЦеؿȫ黳ղŵʧ񣬱ϾĺϢȷʵѵã˭ģ
ԹӣּۼҾȸˣɱҪЩ
͢ĺ⣬Ľһ˶ԷУллߡ
ȻΪЩǸˣȻĴϴˣͱƭѶʣˡ
֮ԼСԺַ˻һֱԼС˳ѣȻһ
үڣǲҪȥˣ
ǣǣǸûȥúˡ
£Ȼûؼͬгĸúһǡ
͢һʹԼȣŴԼѾõļ硣

뺣Զ˴ıЩƷˣЩҲ٣ıˡ
ϻ뱾ص֮£ҲոǿЩ
һֱΪڸģԼСӣǸʲôӣϲܣҲ֪ʲôģһˣҲƣʱõģֻЩϡŹ֣ûʲôõĶ
޸λСӣȴǸֶεģ޹ôʮ깦򣬰Ѽþ⻹ԽԽˡ
һЩۺڱ˵˵Σ޵ֲôҲ֪ôţǲҲиСˡ
˵ӿȥôܸɣﻹҪΪɷżҶء
գЩڸۿһλۣ֪ЩϢ밵ǼҵЦˡ
ֻȴû뵽Ҳ֪ʲôʺˣȻ౦ǴĶ˲һ
Щһߴ̽ţߵӺԼ̫үϷˣһ֮󣬿Ǽ䱦Ҳһ
СߣЩǴĶģ
Ϸ˵һͷǣԼӻʲôˣϾԼӾ̲ʵһ㣬Ǻóʣ˵ǽʶʲôˣʹء
˵Щ͵֮Ϸ˺̫үЩιȥһ֮Ǽ˲»ָ飬ѯһʲô¡
ڵ֪ǰ֮Ϸ˼ֱҪƴЦðҾ֪ҶǸиģⲻ˸͵˹ʶôණ
̫үȻûпڿޣֵֻص˵ͷʵѾãȻҪȥЩǰתתˡ
˭Щǰ˵Ӳҵ˵ԼҲȥأ
ߣȻЩģҲ͢ĸȻ˭ץסأ
ǻŵûô򿪣úøοһȲǣʥּҲˣùȥ
֪̫ѧѧ̫֮ү̲סԼĺ붼һûüۣ㿪ڵãð
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ˣ̫ү뵽ԼӣԸ˽лؼתͷԼĶ
Ǿ˭ʣ
͢˿Լĵһʱ֮ЩԣĬ˻ſʵ񹦿β
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ôһ˵ѵӣǸˣ
̫̫һۣȻ͢˼ӺǰȻҪԼ
ǣżңǻǵӰ
͢һЦûнĻ
񹦿λǸֻ࣬ǱϾ󣬵Ȼˡ
̫үҲ֪Լˮƽһ㣬ǱϾԼӣĺ£ȻҪȸǡ
˵䣬ʮˣһŸ˷ٵŮ˽
游ĸһ
ģФƵͬؿ˵һϷ¶õЦôȵӣæ˿Щϲ
ף˰
Ǵʲôˣ
˺ظδ׵кȻһӾͿǼӡ
ۣǲڵʲôˣ
ôôö
˺ǰ鿴˼Ķȥһһէġ
͢ȴʱûǽͶԼϣţһˡ
һʱҲ¶һЦ˶һۣס˶Է֣ݽӴԷֺֿ֮ܿˡ
ʲô£
ӿʵſڼԼŵĻԼԼ̫ү˵Ļָһ顣
ûӿڣ㿴ֲʲôϣȥ˷ˣ
̫үԵȥһһ£õĶһﻹҪģ浱ʲôĴֵ
˿ȥЩίȻᶨԼĻĲȥ
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ͻȻܵȥҪʲ飬ȻǲԸġ
˶һۣͻȻʲôһظȥɡ
⻰ԭ뿪ѵ̫үһԥֿ۶Ӷϱ
ԼʵҲʲôˣ츳ҲˣǵҲ˵ʶ鶼ԣȥɾͲ̫ˣãܵø˻Ҳˡ
ظȴһȻƶǴСΪ̿࣬ǸТ˳ӣҲ츳һ 㿼ͯ˳ޱȣһαС
ҲʲôطĽʵˮƽҲߣظ֮Ҳɵϧ֮⣬ŰѺƼһλ壬ֻϧ˾ôɣȥ겡ˡ
ظֻܴ
ôһ˵̫үʵҲһЩĶϾĲȥȷʵ츳ڶϣǽظȷʵԿǿǡ
ϾظǼףүүԼֵأֻϣϵ̫ܲ⣬Ⱦ˶񫣬̳еļҵܹˣǸģȾƣʮ˾ûˣֻ¹¶ĸ
ǼһݹϵʱӼĸӶˣظڲ˳顣
̫үģϾԼĵλٲ˵ĹͬŬȻǾ÷еĶһ£ظǼҹϵҲͦġ
ֻϾǶӵʹͣҲ㽫˳ȥʵ̫ˣûӵܻ˵Ǽлġ
͢ȴǺӶһۣûпڡ
ӵǿǰӣǶˣĲȥǧѷĺûᣬⱲӹֻһεĶ䣬֮󷴻Ҳˡ
ԥ˰Σջ¶˾ģǶ˵ȷǶϣлȥ̫ѧҲʲôظ硣
ľã㷴֮ӲŵͷãǱǶˡ
Ȼתͷ̫ү㿴Σ
̫үȻﻹЩźЩοԼĶϱǿÿŵȥֵˣ
ãǹұ֪ͨãȻһ֪¡
ܿ죬ߵ˾Ͷ֪ˣԼۣز˹ˣ˻ʵۣʹͣﻹһ̫ѧ˶ۣһţǼСӣлȥǶ飬Ҳһ
ȻҲΪ͢еˣϾܱ˵СǳɲˣҲüˡ
һؿǹҫĴ°ÿ϶йúܣ·ġ
̫үҪظʱ򣬻ǳһϾʵѵãǼСʲǺܳڣ˭Ը⽫Ṱøأ
ӵؿ̫үϵܣͬ˵⣬һҵ뷨
⵱Ȼһõġ
Ҳû˵ʲô
СӣȷĲȥҲͬ˵ġ
峤ĬһãǼҶǺõģҲܶǳظҪϾ·ҪõǮҲһˡ
Ȼظ籨ԺֻǰҲûܸʲôҵܰȻҲʲô
ظԭڼзɴȻϢһʱû̫үһҷβͻȻ棬мһӡ
ӽ֮ﻹסصлֽظҲһͬݰүүһңҪպرǡ
ظʵҲû뵽֪ԼϻۣǾԼ̼֮ӣӣҲܰȻأԹԵؿ顣
ȻҲ˵Ϣ֪ε˹˿Уʹ͡
ȷʵûлܵܣԸ⽫Լ˴£ʵΪ
ˣһسǰүүɩͷ
رزһҵĶ£һģպرλ
͢æ˷ʵֶӲǺ죬Ҳ֪ظȷʵ츳ǸТ˳ӡ
ʵҲԷܱʲôֻԷ˳ϢչϴĶӡ
? 66 
ȻѾ, Ҳûʲô˵г׼Ϊش, Ͼȥ
Щ, ˲²ǰвϾ᱾ҲԼҵģ䲻ͷҲظôɫ, ܵõҲ֮СҲԼǼСӾǸʲôˮƽ, ܵҲ˷ˡ
ǻûүһô, ôĻ˵;ˡ
Ҫ֪, ǾԼҺӲ̫ܳɲģǱżڴġ˵, Լĺأ
һٶ, ȷʵ˶һҵĹ۸˲٣ܶ˿ʼ͢, ˵Ǹõŵ, ˣʵؿǸˡ
һأ㲻, ˽˵Щ, , Ҳ֪ʲô⣬Щʲôˡ
֪̫Լʦʶ, ĵ, ʹ͵Ϣ֮, Ƕ̬һӾͺ˺ܶ࣬вٱصĸ̫үҲʲô硣֮͢óֿ˳ĺˡ
ȻǸóܣ˽̸ĻˣôһҲ۵ûţӦЩòӦ֮󣬲Ϣʱ䡣
صԸ͵عһ󱭲ȥŻ˹
һڴ̣ŵ˲һۣЦЦҲ˵
һʱžֻӲ
һ˱£ᰴϣƮƮؿ͢һۣڼã
͢ԭĿһ۾ȴû̴𻰣ԵЩԥ
Щ˶гϢˣҫˡ
ȴ⣬Ϊֻϲ̽Щڲͬķ羰Щ˼Ķֻ˳ѡ
͢ҲףΪ˿Ǻ뾭ѵģϾʱӵǡĸڣԶΣ޶㸸ĸԼţҲһ֪ܵԼ׼ȷλãǵġ
ңԼȷʵеĶȫ¸ӣĸӶҪչˣԼТҲںߡ
ȻȻûиıԼ뷨ЩЩ˵Ĵ֮£ԥˡ
ˣôһʣһʱ֮ȷʵ֪λشźá
ңҲ֪
ԼӣлЩã
ӣЩڼʵˡ
֪͢⼸ԼϵӦ꣬ҲûţӲҵģСÿҪҲܶ࣬˵Ҫ̷ţչ˺ˡ
ȴǹһЦãࡣ
ôõģҲԼĿǰʮ⣬ԼУ㲻ǸԸʮǿʤ
ǼѾ磬ԼΪŮӣҪ˵ģײܽеĲҵԼ
ã޸Լ÷Ը磬ȻʱˣʱԸһ㶼ΪԼСģȴʮ⣬Ըʺġ
ԼԼ֪֪ףϷ̫үǰԼ׺۵ġ
гֳɩǶ˶Ǻˣ֪ƽƽҲֻŸĸ׵ķԸ£Ӳ
ɩǸӺƣӣƽչżкӣҲϲ£鷳úܣֻÿµǮݶѾʮˡ
Ȼ溢Ӳ٣ʤڶɣûȾЩ߰񫡣
һӦ񶼽ƹܣ̫үϷҲԸ£ֻڼҺŪꡣ
ˣȻʮֳۣǶ˵ˡ
û˻ǰָֻţ¾Ҳ˺һܣȥԼĹ͡
ȻżҲԼԶеɷ򣬵ȴЩŮһﰦ̾ԾģϾÿɶôҪء
ôʮطദȻҲа⣬Ļˣʵܾ͢ɷ򣬸Լ˵ϻԺúĸһ㡣
ˣҲ͢ھЩʲô
㲻صģأҲˣܰˣҲǸˡ
ǻȥǱȥɣصģֻǵãЩŻ֪ƽǵġ
ʵĲصô࣬Ͼôּ࣬׾죬Ҳһ֡
͢˵ĵġﲻȱǮЩ֮£һʲô鷳߿֪˼·;ңԶҲȥߡ
͢Ϊжؿӣܵˣ򸴺󰡣
ȴǵʹĿ⣬Լϵİ˿ȥһִҰ֮µĶ͢;һկǶĶ
˵ǵ˼ȢʱضҪ׼һ⻨˺üƥϴӱǶġ
ţԼһɷֺγһأ
㻹ȥЩľɫЩĮ̣СˮȥδﶼǵԼġ
ԼԼҪôԼԸδأ
˲ȴŲգ͢ҲԼᶨԼľģ׼Щӱϸǣٴ̡
̫үϷ˻ֺǺǵͬԼɣ˿֪ԼıӣԩңʱҪ뿪ˡ

һߣƽǽ֮ϣʿԴƣѲţλڱ߾߼֡
ЩССһ㣬żʮ͵Ϯƽǣ˶ܣбʿڶ࣬һʱ֮û׷ϣôֻؿԼҵĶȴΪ
оʵڷ˵úܣȴûʲôЧķӣϾƽǲǸ涼ųǽıݣЩסǵİջ⵽°١
ǲţľҲ˲٣ܶ˲ԸðôķԸ磬Ҳһ㶪С
ĻҲãﶼǷɳҲֲʲôԵʵࡣ
ѲʿʱֵµǰŹǷĻֵļǽյˣڿȥϢˡ
Ȼһ䳯ǽ⿴һۣۼطԶƺг̹ۿȥǺۣʵڹ졣
ô£
ʲôɳ
ƺҲʼ²š
ܿ죬Щ˿Щʵս̤ĳԶĿȥһȺ֮ǵɫ㲻ôɣȫЩһļһﶼ˹
Ϯ
һʿһǽıȫʼŽرߵİ֮ҲĶҪ
ŵʿڵһʱ䣬˳¥ǰȥϹˣսеġЩƶַȥԴȺŵ˵ĵ
һЩﻹûõģûô̵ʿ̲ס˿ڿˮҲסðǰһƬͷĺӰżˡ
ǰǲǴżʮˣʮһܵôձӣôˣ
ѲɣҪ˺
л˵
? 67 
Զĵƽ, һȥǺںӰٽһЩ, ԿƼ, мǰеıŶƵĲһȺŸͷֳֳõ
ƽеľܿ, زǺСС֣һС, Ƕˡ
ؾ٣йְߵ佫ǳݽ, һ, 㶼פ
ˣڵ֪Ϣ֮, ̽˳¥, ܿʶȺװȫ, ضֵľ񲿶ӡ
Զڷ, дһڡ֣Ǵ˶꽻ĳ̽Ҳǵ졣
ֻǣȻһҰ, ǱϾǲ˺, ÿĳǻ˳, ֻǲ֪ΪʲôͻȻһ㶼, ѸٱϮ˹ƽǡ
ڲʲô䶯
һ߰, һҲûЪ, ΪָųڵľѣҴ򿪱Ӫ˶ú׼سǡ
ߵĺʮؽȫʰãߺ߶ʳˮ֮Ķȫ˵ؽһȫڵ£ߵСϰˣҲŴ˵ֲϷſ
ʿһŷԸǰص㣬Դ˿
ۼ˵˳ŲԶ¥ϵĹֱѾƴƬĽƿնȥȻһֱǰĶƵֵסˣһ
ţȺ˻˳ǽʱ˽ݼܺãһηصȥ
ǽϵʿǾЩƻҽЩʿɱȥһʱ䣬ΧżΪŵѪ
һʱȻǼ˳ǽǻǺܿͱˡ
ս㲻ǳ̽ɫѿúܡΪƾ۹Щоڼ²ˣʵڲһϢ
ңлʮƶ˵Ϊ
ľȥᣬһĸߴˣǰĳҲЩ̫⡣
ͼ¬ôûȥ
ӣ˵صѹ֮أһʱûܹȥҲǳ֮£ż
ȴһǵһôǰǣҲëͷС಻סеĽ֮飬ֻźúôһʤ̣ü֤һԼʵ
ͼ¬Ļ֮ҲǿԼ侲ˣżҪӮϵʱ䲻ʲô
ֻҪܹƽǣǱӾ˵صʳƸóʵԼˡ
ģ
£Ƕء
ָǰԶһȥЩСӰһף˻˷ܵǰȥǡ
ʲôҺ
üͷֻĹǽ׶ΣòǰȥõĵطĶҪôżһϲϷӡ
ǴˣǿԼĸͬķϣôԷһͬǰ㹦ˡ
Ϊɺԭ򣬲ԭҲܵ˺ܴӰ죬ݸɺţҲ࣬£Ҳ档
ˣһսһҪӮģҪϳЩḻʳƥнŮˣ׳Լ
ңһشģɶǹĲӣһսĺжһ¶ȵϳˡ
˾ȫ֮Ϊصľʦͼ¬ǰԼˣһս޵ս⡣

ӹƽǿսҲܿʹﵽĵ۵ϣϢһʱΪֵΪеŭΪԷıüͷ
ϳѾʮûпսôˣԼ֮߰־ΧĿǰֻһؾĹƽǣľʵΣ
ˣҪ˴ֺǰȥ֧Ԯ
ϾƽǵشذǸϳֵһϣսԵλҪ˵ҪʧأôЩ־ǣǣˡ
ĵ뵽˺ϽϾλϽսʮأ񻹲꣬׳꣬ȷǸѡ
ˣñ飬ԼϽ빬һͬ¡
ϾսΣˣǺܿ˾飬ԭѵû׼и̽׼ٵĺϽҲ˵ĵ۵ĵ׼ԼļǧԼݵӣǰƽǡ
Ȼüͷʮʹϵʣ׼ݣȫ֮ȻźϽĲɾںͷѺݡ
лһ£ǺϽĶӣԭιнͳĺ壬ҲԼĸһͬǰƽǡ
⻹Ķ䣬ϾΪ֮ӣȻһűģܻУºպվġ
ֻǻʵڲ࣬һȻʮϲ
ϽԴµΪ⣬ϾҪģֻھѵҲ󽫾ʱһսƾͻˣ̸أ
ǵһ֪µˣϾͳҪжְλǰȥսȻҪУҽӺһεġ
սϢһʱ֮оЩʵϾںƽսҲֻڵӻϡ
ߵϢЩȻ
ݿǰɫĺͳ죬󼸸ӦҪһͬǰȥļ¡һۿȥ㷢һϤˡ
ŵͷĵޣҲǼУȻҲǼΪġ
˵ҲˣϾǸˣΪԼľˣǵҲʮͣûִֻ꣬ǸѣѵҲս
⼸ˣҲһͬǰȥģʵ
ǣǶԸͬȥ
ΪȻҲЩֻŰڵְλãЩȴǺͳڣŽҵġ
ˣҲһЩˣһͬǰȥ̣Ͼǻ٣ͺխЩһλϴĻᣬܲסأ
޺Щ˶סصͷҲûʲôɽˣϾⶼԼѡԼҲûȨǵľ
ˣֻʾԼ֪ˣЩ˱㼫Ϊʶظˡ
ݵŶͷһʱ˼ˣǹŴսƵݽʱƽʱֶݵġ
ЩջЦǵˣ֮ͻΪս뿪ǻҲԼԷһ档
˱䣬ֲпᡣݲɵÿʼ˼ǲǣҲЩʲôأ
һߣȻǰĬţһǸ˵ˣΪ󣬶츳ֺܲЩҲܻӭ
һأҪһͬǰƽǣҲ˶Ĺ۸и˼֣жҪôеǡ
˹ʦ֮˵ǳʲôһȥְģǶ̶̵ĻͶԻУȡʲôһ
Ҳѵ÷ʼ
ڣôҲҪȥﲻǻиĸڣ
һʲôһͻȻʵǸģڵ׳ԣһЦҼﻹֳء
ңҵǰפر߹صĽ죬ֵʸУ˲һ֮ȥ˵ġ
༸ԣûпʲôֻĬĬļ磬ҲȻǸЦǺǵӡ
֮ǰҪǰȥʱȻҲΪʢ񻰱ˬˣҵ
ͳԭҲûͬ⣬ı£ȷһͬǰȥ̣ʲôǿʤ̬
Ҫ޵ʱҪ£ţҲսӱ֮󣬺ͬ
˶İȴûʲô̫ĲףԼ뽨ҵҫ棬ϾԼҲûмңûʲôˡ
ֻţԼҪøٽһЩ
? 68 
Ͻûе, һõ֮󣬱֪ͨȥ, , ׼
ҲѾѡã˽ڻ֮󣬴űõԼ, ΪӦĺ֧Ԯ, ʱ˵
һѡЩ˵ԤϣĵվȻ̫ӵȰ, ѡǸһ򲻵ϲ, ʮְޱ飬ֱֱȥӲ, Īʷ
Ͼ˾, ͬսӰ켫ǳʲô, , ǿҲصĴʵá
ĪȻǸ˵ĹŰӣĵҲòϣ˲ʺЩġ
Ͻ, ʮʱ, , Ѻ֮£, ĵҲࡣ
ĪҲȷڴ, һӵּ֮, ûаɣȥ˻ǿЩ׼Ҫս
ҲĴ֪ȷȷʵʵǸֱŰ壬ּϽļһﰵп࣬Ҳû취ӿֽŽʵĵǩȥ
ֻſһļһߣȻЩǿǣÿֵܿûļһˡ

ǱߣԴӺͳ֮󣬺ܿиεǰˡ
Ҳǹнͳ죬Ͼռ֮Ŷ˰˴ѲֵĽȻҲ٣ֳ죬ÿһƵĴͳ죬Լͳ졣
뺫ְͬλͳ죬ȥҲòʣһμʦʱ򣬽ݻţнͳǲҲҪѡεġ
ͳϾųԳۣҲܳɫͳ죬Ȼ֮ЩǿȥĻͦģһ¾ͻὫעתƵȥˡ
λͳ죬뺫ӽȻ෴ǸЦãһȥԵʮ׽ӣ̫֪ΪͳһҪϣһֱЦģġ
е֮࣬Ҳ˼ֺ棬֪ͳ죬ǷҲܳɫλõأ
ĻҲֻ룬ĿȥʣʵЩʧˡ
ڼʶԷ֮ǰǰ֪˶Էһص㣬ǻ죬׺ǿ
ô̶̼յĹ˹ʦ˵ıҺʹ˶䣬ؼǵöԷһ˵Ļʱм䡣
ʵýݸеѣ˲ţǺʺȥǴ̽鱨֮
׺ôߵ˿ټֵһ㣬ľܣͳλأݲö֪
ԷǺܻԹɫݶδ̵ȤʱΪЩ
ϥŮ٣ģǸĶӣϡ
һҲ˵ƺزβԼĶӺСǰ
⣬صĳͼ¬Ҳˡƺˣ֪Ķ䵽ȥģ̶ʮͳĸӣǸֽթļһ
˵Щͷͷǵģƺ˽ЩˣͬǴһ
˵֮ĿһɫȻûвӣֲźۼؽתƿˣ˵˱ĽеǶλϽΪ׷
ҿ佫ҲһλҲ˹ıǿУսżǧܹһֻ˵Ķ飬Լ١
ȻѾЩӲϹսˣȻ佫еӢۣԼһҲܽҵ¡
˵˵ţһЩźϽҲѹ͵Ľ죬һλ˻֣˵˵ôұӦ˵ľһλ
ʹһ˳.ǹⲢϡ棬ⳤ.ǹȴи֣滨ǹǹìͷ£ǹ˲లһҩͲȼ֮ͲлжĻҩ滨޼м
ݲ˵£Ժʱ򣬲оЩ΢Сһ㣬еʱϵִﰥ
ȻĽ£ǲһģϾװĶɲˣȡֵģĶȼգɢҲǶ̡
ʹ֮˻ЯҩͲ淢滻ȫþˣҲȻһ˳.ǹɿԷԼĹá
ĬĬţעתƵҩͲϣȻȥըҩȼ䣬ⶫ϶лҩЩɷ֡
ŶɻƵı
Щ棬֪ĻҩѾоʲô̶ȣӦòǻҩϰɣ
ʦѵöʲô£Ҳʮϵؿʼ
дֳ.ǹʵΪټǻ϶ЩʵսϹ㣬ǹֻˮսΪ֮
ҩʩڼף򹭻󣬶Զ֮
ݵͷȷʵټںܶӰӾҲҪջݷݣ֮ġ
˵Ǳǻڻ򣬻޼֮ˡ
ϸ룬ȻûϹսΪЩȤϸ˽һģףȥ˾ʶģҲ˵һ
øֲϳɷֵ飬ͳ״ֽã֬ͿĨ㣬ͶʯͶȥ
춯ĽԾʵǸĶ
䣬ЩΪϲǲЩû˵ʵﻹǣͷǶƳɵĶҩЩսʵЧҲͦã˵ȴЩЩȻÿڡ
˵ЩʵѾͦ𾪵ˣϾЩȥǿͶڵ
ϸ˶ԷĻ֮ΪزˣʱЩڣƺըԲǿ
Ļص㶼ȼ棬бըֻɻҶѡ
ĽУҲȷˣȷͬԼ²ʱĻҩȻѾʵսˣҪȼԣջݣԷ
Щ棬ɵÿʼϸǻƳɵģ
ѵ䷽ԣЧŻô
⻰Ҳûпǣⷬȷʶˣ֪ЩôģǰͼڼиЩ׷֮ݺݽѵһ٣Щȫûˡ
ǡѻơȵĥٽơۡƵ̼ĩһ飬㡢΢֮룬ûͩ͵ȰƳɸ״͵ȡ
˵õΪϸ£ӺԼֵƹһ㡣
ȴЩԣ..ҩԪأǡʯľ̿ˣôôӰ˵Ķҩһ
Ĳ̫ƵӦһжǦͩͬԲСôҲǷʿһ
ţɵ¶һ΢ɲЦ⵹Ǳʮز׽ˣԥƬ̣ջǿʵ֪ʦʲô⣿
ݿһۣʮɣһ˵ҪӳʮЩԵĶֻʮ̿ɡ
˳ΣЧ֮
л˵
ڻҩҪοδġ侭Ҫ
ʵγĻҩѾ˸ͣΪʯľ̿⣬˸ָȼͶ黯ǦǿȼԣǱըԲǿνڣЩɷֿʼ٣ֱԪûκһָɷˡ
йʯľ̿⣬γĻڻҩ48.66%17.03%17.03%ֱƳɵĻҩҪȼܣֻǼбըá
ִ751510Ĺҵ׼Ƚϴ
ʱڲŴﵽԳĻҩȡ
Լ￴һľ̿ʵ123ǰĿھһʯҲʮԼǺľ̿ǸȲˡ
Ȼҩ׼ȷȣû֮ȷʵЧúܶ࣬ʵᴿյӰ죬Ͳôˡ
? 69 
ڴ˽⵽, ĻҩʵѾӦսϣвٻ, Ҳרĵط֮, ݾѾࡣ
̵Ϣ֮ΪС˵ִˣһӦǺܶഩԽ߶ᷢĻҩ, ϾҪʱͼĹŴ, ȶ޴Ļҩ
ĻҩȻǺܳ, Ѿ˸ʵƷ, ֻȼջͨըԷҲѾǺܲĳɹˡ
Ͼ޵вѵ, ĸҪʱһеġ
ҩȸ֪Է֮, µĽʵȥЧȻһ֪ÿЩ, ҲܼظĻ
ʡĹ, ؽʾ֭Ÿʲôҩˡ
ý赭д仰ЩϾΪĻҩѾǳɫˣһμʶЩըѿ, Ļڵʱ, ʵǱһ
չʦ˵, еļѵڶԷֻǲֵһĶ, ûзӳӦе
Ȼ, ʦֻһ˵, ϵӣҲסеĽͬʦһЩ˼Ľ
˵˰ʱ֮ͳҲѾԼ֪ĶȫˣȷʵǸƱˣһЩȥƽ˻£ĿҲɫ֣˼
ڽ֮󣬽Ҫǵʱԥһʵʦ˵ķӣɷ³һ
ݿڿڣ˵ͷһӣͳųһһ񣬡лʦ
صԼķ֮ϸ˼֮󣬲žҪȥѰԼ常һˡ
常ܳɶǹɣϵʮ׽౾ŶԷԵʣʱЩܸӦĲ
Թʦ⼸仰ȴǼǵüΪ̣һһ䶼ƫƣ©ʲôϸ˼ȷûмǴŰ
˽ĵģʦһҲԼһԣȴزˣеҪԡ
ǰչʦķӣóĻҩЧȷʵʮ׿ô常ܽϢͳƷһʸº̫ӣʱĹͲǶˣǶλǰ¶常˵ҲǺõġ
źýֵص֮ǰȥԼ常ĸϣɣնԷɢֵ磬Ѿڼˡ
常ĸ֮󣬶˱һͬȥ鷿
ôÿˣæˣ
ܳɶȿȤ⻰ʵ˵Դӱʦ֮󣬱ֿ˶ʽ飬ʦҲܼһ档
纬Ц⣬ĵģ常ɷˣҾæͷݼʱеġ
常һۣҡҡͷ컬ࡣȴҲһ˿Ц⡣
˵ɣʲô£
ȻмΪҪˡ翴˿Էǰﻹӣ˹ؽյһһ˵˳
Ȼؿ常еᣬҲʦ˵ˣ
ھȻҲ˽ģѰ𡢼׷⣬רƹߵĹ㱸е
ڻ֮ĶһμȷʵᱻסǼʶöˣЩûпȥôˣֻյÿЩԷչЧЩҲ˵İˡ
һ˵ܳɶеҲ˼ֺ棬˵Ч֮ǳɱЧʲôأѲЩ춯ףȼյĻʢò
תعվԼǰֶʱҲ˼
ǹʦԣָûЧϼ֣˵Ҳһݳɼ
ֶӵĺȻˣãӰ常ˣұ˷
常ɱӦԼĻ֮Ҳ¶Ц

ڶգܳɶȱԼȷӡ
µȻЩԣ֪ϹΪʲôͻȻóôŹֵķӣֲֻϣһ涨ȣʲôӣѵͩҲˢ
ЩֹǵӦˣˣԾ԰ɡ
ȥ֮󣬹ǽһվԸ֣ҲҪƷϹٵͷ
һԵ̷вͬĿǸܴ˿ȥʲôѪļһǸƶģƿ϶Լ˵Ƿдһ㡣
̷û£Ϊ棬ϸֲ֮󣬰ַϸϸۺϡ
Ϊܼ֮ͩ࣬͡˼һ֮ջѡ˼ˮϳ͡
󾭹ɹȥˮ֮󣬱ѾˣһЩڻҪüЩг͵ĶȥҲЩɡ
Ǿһ³ɹõĻҩСĵһԲεĹܷãȻһպ׶ȼһԵš
ԶЩվԱ߹ۿϾЩƽЩҲúܣЩ̫Σգ֮ʱҶԶЩƬɢԼ
Ȼһ̣һΧۿļ˲ɵԵס䣬ʶ˺˼
ʵڴó棬ȫǵԤϣǽϵƬƺ˼Ƭ๤⶯һ֮ûϢҲ̽ͷ뿴ǳʲô顣
̷һԵֹֹԭⶫһΪģҲʲôɫЧ
ۿʱȻҲվԱߣû̷ǰôԶǷӦЩԶˣҲҪɽʯͷˡ
̷ʱǰһ䣬۷Źǰȥ鿴Ÿղŷùӵĵط
ֻһЩɫĻҽƬɢˡȻеԾģԺӵĵϾȻըһӡ
Ҫ֪Ϊȫ䷿ӿɶʯϴģһһСģѴ˴ˣǿɾд鷳ˡ
ֻǼĻҩɷּ࣬ЩණȥˣɵЧȻ
̷ϵĿӣסĳôĻδ֮Ч˳ɫĶ
⻹ֻһԣ˸չȼ򵥳ԶѣϸЩǷըЧãǲܽǽҲըˣ
ǰĳɵÿʼ
л˵
оһִִķǣ֪ɷֺͱô£ʵĻͦ򵥵ġ
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̷˼, ĸ˹ѭŷ˴˴һƲ, ȥʮģ, ࡣ
ʲô£
ȻҲ޴춯ΪĴطһСģְĶըˡ
Ͼǹ㱸궼ǺЩ򽻵, ǾΪϵĽˣҲ˵Լʧ, ЩҲܿƵ˵ġ
ȴûϵȴ⼸ڴ˴ʵЧĻ, һӾü, ɫЩݡ
˵ˣڻһ, ҪȥԵ, ôԺըˣ
һԵĹʱڽ͵, ǼǸ, õҲֻչӡ
ǼԭǷӷϣĶҲֻСһЧ
ЧǲŻῼǰͨ, һһ, , ԼǷҪЩɱԶ
ȴû뵽Чʵ̫, ֻһ, װŵҲֻһôչ, ȻѰڻҪţʵǳǵԤϡ
ˣ⵽֮ȻԼĵЩ
ĽˣȷʵýЩģƽɵϰԶЩտ¾Ҫˡ
Ϊĸˣɽշһýֵ£ȻҲ֪ģ깤Ľ֮ϲɫȥ˺֮顣
Ŷģֻ˰ʱװŵĻֻǸչޣ
Ҳû뵽˵ӣȻͼӰֻǼ˳ɷ֣˱Чʵ˳Ծ
صͷãǼ԰ɣҪЩ֮Ķҿ
ЩʵĲϣͨڻͷȻҪϹӲܵġ
ǼֻŪЩССֵģߵĿӶչޣȻҲΪ⡣
Ͼûа̫ϣȻҲһϳſˮ
Ϲٵ׿ϣԵÿЩǵ޼һˡ
̷ص˵ͷһ񣬡лˡ
Ȱ˼֮󣬱뿪˴˴ﰵţǵôǴϢ

һߣּδĳ¼ҸŮˣһأȻǿֶϻִŶһġ
ʵͦСģϾĹŴԼ츳֧ļˣԼĲ֧ţ鷢ԼܣʵǼ¡
ÿоͿäһҲ֪СʲôҲе档
°ѾǰɬˣȥԵʮִ󷽿ʵӣһݣ˼֣һģҲʮᡣ
ʦͷŮˮҪơ
һûнˮϾһص̫ˣ⻨๦һСˮģͣȥʮ־£ᣬר軭ͼȫũĶֱǸµİڼˡ
ݿⶫЩ졣ˮȥиĴǶҶ壬²ȥǸľΡ
ˮһûˮֵ֮µҶҲŲ۹ˮˮ͵ϷѭԲϵȡˮʡȥ˲ٹ
ңģ͸ϻصǸˮתϷЩƣˮģò
°ɬһЦˮˮ࣬ˮļĵطԴ˷ȡˮˮƲǿҲһ̤ȡˮ
ָָˮϷһطƺרһطڹ˶˴̤ת֣Դȡˮ
Ľ֮󣬺ܿԼΪʲôˣԼʷϼķȻвͬǹЧǲġ
ɵһɾ֮飬֮ǰԼĻҪˣֻƾѾ㹻ǰСʷϼһˣԼһܳڽ̲ϣˮ϶ܵġ
ãݿڣһĿ⿴ŶԷǧǧȻŴǵ֡
°ֻǸͨ˼ҵĺӣЩΪ֪Ѿչ¶ԼĲŻպиɫķΪ̵ĸ׵ӦĬĬԣûʷ֮С
ңˮȷʵüΪԶǵʼķȻǶʱڷģֱũ￴ǵӰΪũˮõձʹã˳ʷ̨
ڣ°ΪˮʼķߣȻǻᱻǵġ
⻰һǰŮԭأ֪ôӦźá
ʲôⶫðǧˣܼ/Ů֣
ЩţϾһⶫʵΪ°翴Щʽ֯һʱ֮û˼
ũׯɢĵʱ򣬼ׯȡˮף֮ǰԼˮתϷôˮĶ
ǱҲûⶫĲʲô׼ˮϹøʹ;ͺá
Ͼⶫũõģ϶֯ԼҪȥġ
ȻҲⶫũ£Ҫ֯ҪЩȴûϵȻڹʦõ˸ߵۡ
һóүöЩ˵ֱˣ뿪ʦ֮ȥоδѵӡ
һ·Ժػص˼ңϻŻ֮ȥЦԼŮȻعܡ
УǼҵ˰¶дʦļζҪд÷ֺպɶҪѽ
үڷתţЩģ׼ΪǿԼŮĶȥҪдףЩ鶼ϸ
°ȴЩЦãæס˸ףȲżеʱء
Ȱⶫȥɡ
ããż
үȰ֮Ҳ侲ȷʵǸúúǣϾϢȻǹʦ˵ģһ֪ϢŮʲô鷳ɾͲˡ
¼ջûдģֻǰؽˮȥ˸λ˵ϡ
ԭЩǵ֪ǳ¼ҵĹⶫЩţϾǿûŮЩľܷ˼ˮ
֮ǰ֯ĶȻǲЩ˵עģϾⶫŮãǷ֯ҵ裬һĶ˽Ůʱһˡ
εˮ̶ܴϽũǵĹ⣬ȻڵΣҪһδˮ䣬ѾʡˣʵǸĺö
ˣһЩһϢĴȻǲŵģһ־öԷڻȡ裬ôҲ֪һŮʲô
һⶫȷʵǶԷģһֱĹǻǾãŮЩ˻˹ģˡ
ԭǻΪòøʹͣôʹ͵۲ݵʱ򣬲һ˿ڣָ¼ҸŮƺʦʶһ棬ⶫõ˹ʦϿɡ
˻һԭЩƽĹԱҲһû˻Ȼֹţɲҿ顣
ǻǾѰĹʹͼǧǮһдš֮ҡҶ
л˵
ǣѽ
ˮҲǷ
ʼļǡ顤ߴáʹҴ͢......ڣʩϱ·
ʱûũȣڵ·ˮġ
ʱĸĽǵģλ޶һֻ򲻷ţ˼ֱڲķСתˮ
ӾеأΪ԰ˮԸȡͯŮת֮ˮԸɰٱڳ
Ľ֮󣬻˸ֲͬʽķҡ̤ţתˮתת
ȷʵãܶũ廹ʹҪ˽̤ˮ
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֮ǰ, ˵û, ΪֻǶ˵õ˹ʦۣѵĽֻǶ𣿻˵ʲôǲö֪Եɣ
, ڵ֪λ¼ҹﾹȻǸóɵģ׳, ʦ㶼֮ǱԼĲ², ʦϲĶ, ЩмȤɣ
һˮ֮, ˾͸ı뷨, ʶǳˣʦΪ, ͼء
ضǶԷǳ¼ҹ츳, ũĶŶǶġ
ʦһŰհóô߲, ϵ˲, , йص
ôһ룬˶ڳ°Ůӵ, Ҳûôƽˡ
Ȼһ˼ظ, һŮӾ͸ðڼ, ӣ浾ŮӣܳЩʲôľ
һȻôģȴҲã¹ȻǸ֮ŮαҪЩô۵лĲƲ㹻ӶˣΪλҪЩȴһֺõء
¼Ǳߣ°Ҳһ⣬ǰŻȥȻͣɷ̴ĸˣ
磬֪ǸбµģҪ˵ѽ鴫˳ȥɲҷҵѽ
ĸ֮󳤾ӾǣҲ¼̽ĸŮԴĸȥ֮ȻĴˣǷȻ¼ҹϵ׽
֪ǸŮ˰֮ĸȻǼΪ˵ģǽڵ֪¼յ͵Ҷ֮һϲϸһ֮һæ˳¸
ԼֶŮȻЩΪСֶŮԭǸ񾲵ӣҲǿϧȼ
ȼҲˣȥɱȾһЩﶼҪÿպȻǲ޵ģȻҲΪԷеġ
ˣҲ㽻ˡ
ڣճµļһôһ㶼ܰ磬Щ˻ȥˣԺҪ࿴˼ҵĻз϶˼һ㣬ǿɾͲҷѽ
ˣżæŵ˳¸ҪȰȰֶŮǣҪЩϢغãպҲҪЩ˵ˣԺ󰲰Ůӣѵ
°翴һչĸȴǴǸЦЦ
ĸ֪⣬ģҲ븸õġ
㸸ҲͬˣһʱǾ㵣ȻЩŭӲ£һʱҲͰˣôҲֶŮ˼ȥѵͲ룬պĻ
°Ȼ֪ĸΪԼãҲܸмԷһһ룬ϣȻᶨԼ뷨
ǻ£ɲصģպȻҪ׸ģȻټҵҪΰأ
°粢û˵ԷǴǶȿš
ôһĸǷӦ˹һ㣬ǰ¼ĿǰֻһӣҲҸӣ¼ҵļҵȻ䵽ϣ׸ȷʵǸ÷ˡ
ǣЩɣҪ׸ҲûʲôԸ⵱Ů⡭
°ɫƽػصǼ޵ʲô˼ȥպҲӣһĹҲҵգҲѰŮеһʲôأ
ȻúÿһģҸ֪֪ףյģѵȼ޵˼ȥ븸һ굽ͷѵüϼ棬Ҫõö𣿡
ôһ˵ĸɫҲ࣬նԷĻϸϸȷʵеϾǶԷĸףҲֻ˵ϼ䣬Ҳǿʲô¡
ˣ˼ȥǳ̾һðɣˣǾͺá
°Ҳ¶ЦϾһ׽ˣǲԸԷַġ
ĸѵһˣԶٷɡ
ˣѵѮݻؼң»ɡ
ĸձǴҴǰģ뿪ʱҲҴææģó°ЩпĸȷʵԼϣŻôĵֱԼ
ֻϧǸŵˣһʲô⣬㲻׸ı䡣
ĸִͳͻݳּҵӣȻͬԼ뷨ŻοԷȻԷԭƽŮӵ·ӣܹܱŪȥġ
ҲƭԷպȷʵ׸ֻѡĶ󣬿²ĸ룬Щƶһˡ
°罫Ͷ⣬ߵȥȥģ֧°Ͳ֪ЩʲôŮʱȴ˳С㣬ЩҪս
һдֵֽ°ùȥַ˷Щ죬Ķҳģ
ǰʵ£ֲԸţմԺһʱֱһȥˣʼ۲󣬻ͼ
ЩǵʱµһЩָ壬ֻд֮󣬱㱻Ҳó
С㣬鷿ѽǰ˵ҪЩ鶼óúɹһɹ𣿡
°翴ǰָ壬ֻԼʱԼвмֻܴԼСԺعǿգŵͼЩעЩԵΪ顣
ľǿ࣬ʲôѰģǶ˼Ȥ
ȻЦЦսȥˣҵϰɡ
֪ʲôãЩ֯Ҳûʲô뷨ʱ䣬ԼǰдЩúһ

һߣţڵѾȥˣƵʱȫջʱ򣬿϶ܵһʻֽˣֻⶫϾϷʪĵطֲģǲǸöһЩͺʳֵȥ
˼ţͻȻΥϵͳ𣬡ϲĳɾֵﵽ1000ֽ齱һΡ
ŷ̻Чʵýһع֮Ǿ
ʲôɾֵҲг齱𣿡
ΪֻʼأǴεȷʵ˸õĿͷô˳
ǵŶɾֵһйϵƼչ֮ģһ˵ʵﵽ1000ɾֵҲǺѵŶвŻн
˼ѾܾûɾֵˣһأѵǺǸ㷢Сй𣬻˵ԭ
ôطǲҪֵĶȻҲͦģ˽ݱ㼫Ȼذһε̣㿪Ǹת̡
ָ뿪ʼתգͣһɫ򣬽ת̿ʼɢǰǰϣͻأһ˿ҡ
ǣֽǸϣ֪ⶫʲôˮӰ
ȻһϡǱϾʤޣǲֵĶҲѾˡ
ˮҲܺðȻʲô͵ʹ֦Ķ
˵ʵȷʵִĸַḻƷúóԣܶҲûִˮڳԹ֮Ͳٱڴˡ
ˮӴڿԳһִˮζˡ
л˵
ѧȷʵһĹ
峯Ľޥܸ׾ͨӰ죬ʮͶԡ衷ʮʱԼͼʮʱһֳͼǷд©֮󣬾Լĳڹ۲죬޸У֮һͼ
а24Ƴ24ͼ˸ûĹɣдˡǸ衱
ʱֻʮ߰ꡣ
ڵʱʱԭ֮Ҳûнóʾˡ
Ѿˣʮʱⱻɷѷ֣ڶԷ£̳ġ֮Ϊ֮񡱡
Ž˺ʱܵʿİߵձƳ磬׶ߣ޲֮۲ѡ
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ݿǰĴ, ȻȥǰƴСĽ˿ңװ˶ٶ, ʵ, Ķȫȡ֮󣬱㷢Ȼװ˲ٶ
װĽңҲǸñ, ˵ʲôռ۵ԴűԼռĶ, Ƿˡ
ȫȡ鿴һ֮󣬽ݱִ֪ϳˮ඼, ЩϤƿĶɵ
ȻȷʵҪԷ, ˣп֮, żҲ볢ζ, Щġ
һʳȷʵ߹ϸҪ, ֻлʵ۲õĶ, ҲԴԴϵֻǻỳִʳƷ
ˮãƩ˵֮࣬ǱƷ, ô֮, ض˵ɫƷࡣ
, 糺ҡ糺ҡܻҡҡҵȸͣڸлȲִЩ, Ѱ, ѾǴˡ
Щʱ仹ˮ, ƩϣȥִƷֱּԶˣԲԲΡ
֮ǰʱ˸֪ϵĻЩͷԣ֪ΪʲôҪרϹϣ
ϵģȻ˲õԤУǱżڴ
ϧǣģϣ֣Ҳ֡
ӡкȿѵģǻɫĹ⣬ɫѡ
ڼһ̣ɣǲˮϣϻû
һźģǳһСģϣ֮ЩĬȻζòϣûоѱִ֮ǰԭģġ
˻Ʒִڵ֮Ȼϲԣﻹʮֿĵġ
ˣһԺ׼ԼЩˮȥ
˵ֽҲǳ䣬ûʱɨһطϵҲģⰴķԸ˼ӡ
˴գǰĳΪ⣬ôһƬطʺϵĹ԰ӡ
ңϵͳжһһֲҺЩֲЩ󣬱ϾʵʵֵĻܵõȸЩˮҲ̫Щ
ЩеǱŹʦ⴦԰ȻϸϸɨһǿȥһƬƽԵЩյġ
ţʦ˾Ҳ֪Ϊ£Ȼһ룬Ǿͼʶˣʦʲô
ֻǰλȥƮƮŮӣߵƬյм䣬ȥƺʲôȥ
Ȼּóһƿӣֻ㵹һƿҺ塣˼ΣʵǺҪ̲סаԲ²ţԷҪʲô
һ̣ʦְϣɢżɫâȻԭƽ˲뷢һȺѿ
ЩŸðͷѿۿɼٶȣɿرܿԭССһ꣬˼˸ߵľģ
һЩˮҲѸٵ˼ˣ˹ʵ
ŵƣ˲佫Χ˶סˣЩס˼תͷȾˡ
һЩ˻ǵһۼ񼣵Ļ棬ڵأϣﻹ֪˵ʲô
Ťͷһ£԰ıʵĹ԰ˣмΪ⣬·һַհϲá
ϵͳһֲԼֲɳҺ֮ǰǸֲ׺ûĶʱ䣬˳ԼĹ԰ӽˡ
Һܶ涼˹ӣýЩ۲Щǿƽ飬ǿģǣûжʲôֻǽЩ԰ˮժһЩ͵Ƕȥ
ϣݱ۾֮е볢һִϣȹԼϵӡ
ȻĻ¾ҪһֱǵǸɫˡ
뿪֮ЩǲŲԼͬغԵһ˵ʲôֲ֪˵ʲôӡ
㿴𣿡
ⲻǷϻ۾˭û
⣬ǡ
ô৵һ£ЩͻȻˣӵһðˡ
˵ⲻǹʦϴɹɣ
һЩ˿ʼ²ЩһЩȻϵõģѰ৵һ¾ʹӵﳤôߵأ
ûֲջˣ滹˲ٹӡ
ǻ԰ܽĶ
һЩ˵Ŀ⣬һϾңɵó˵вټ˵Ͻıء
ô룬Ҳû˸ֻһЩԸˣʮֹ˳ӵӣˮȡЩ͵ŷȥϸϴ
԰ҲЩȡˮ֮󣬱롣
ϾǹʦֳĶĶ÷أ
ȴûôֻ࣬ĵĵԼˮ
ûã˴ϴкõĹ»˱ţð˿˿
˲ûժ࣬ÿֻһСҲаʮУÿżС룬ڵģȥʮĿ˻װһ
֮󣬾һСкõϣҧһڡ
ûˣҲúƷһڳԵһֱ֮žԼںִЩϵɵû
ϰЩǺɫģȫˣͨͨϽŶԡ
褿ЩƷʮַḻˮƴ̣оԼڹŴˮһ㣬Ȼĺܡ
ֳ֮һЩˮǳֹϾЩҲ浱ԣֻûмЩˡ
ˣʣࡣ˽ЩȥЩЩǡ
õʹ͵ЩˣȻʲô⣿˵ЩãǹʦǵͣŻὫĶ͸ǡ
һЩ˷ֵ֮󣬼Ϊϵسȥ껹ϸζƷһ佱ǹʦֳɹѰˮζҪ֡
ЩûзֵõˣǿȥЩʧ䣬ЩؿЩˮˣ֪ûЩʲô仯
ЩҲûӦϸһͷҲ֪رóԣ
ԱߵЩɸ֣˵һ޶ۣûʲôܣҪԼˣ϶õöࡣ
ʦЩ˲ϢɵϢҲܿ촫˳ȥ
ߵͶԹʦޱŷϢû˿ɣֻҲЩһţǴϴɹ԰ӣĹ˵Ҳ񻰱˵棬֮ٲȫꡣ
̫Ҳ֪ܿϢЩæڽĿƾ֮£һЩҲõЩǡ
ϢҲһһէˡϾʦɼֶΣˡ
ֻЩ棬ʦ԰ЩӣǷʲôЧ
л˵
ϣһסдţ
γ嵶Ʊƿ
ǧӣңһŻˮ
ʶٳ̻ݱѩ
дúжУһ뵽ǻȿѵϣ͸о档
17ͻϣȥҲѳԵӣȻǺȿѣпʯһģɫȿҲ࣬оûʲôܳԵĵط
? 73 
Ϣü, ûãܶ˱˵˹ʦһ԰, ʦһ, ԭһԺӣ˲䳤˸ֹʵ֦١
治ѰԼЩӣЩ˴δˮ, ϸϸҲûʶЩ
, кܶ˰ţǹʦϴĶ, ȻĻ, Щ˵ôζѰҪõöࣿ˵մȾ˼ء
, кܶҹϵ, һɹֻϧ, ʹ͵ļһ, ҪԸԵˣҪר˻ؼҷˡ˳˸߼ۣҲԸ⽫ǹ
ϾҲʲôͿˣĶ, ȻҪԼҵ, ܱˡ
, һС˼в̣ҲЩ, ҲЩͽ, ˳ƽԼҵĹ˳ȥ
, ĶҲ˷ˣ˳ȥҲܵõЩǮƲܴϼˡ
ȻҲжţǰգʦǱ߱ˣ˸ʽˮ
ĵۺ̫ȻҲѾ˿еɹЩϡˮ֮ʱҲΪ죬ϾѼʶ˸ƾǵļʶҲǲеļˮġ
ĵ۰ţ˵ǹʦϱߴĲ֮أô⽫Щʹ͸أʵЩϧˡ
̫ȴô룬Щˮ˵ЩӦʲô컨׹ٵɹ
ϴģڷҲʧá
ζʵʮ𣬸ζͨգҲζõöࡣ
һĵ۳֮һӵģҲɵðЩӼûЩŵĹЧҲôһ洦ɡ
ĵ۵ŲɣֻԼȥ֮һ泩࣬ʣЩˮ֮󣬿ȥЩᡣ
ϾǹʦģҪǳûˣҲǰȥҪҲ̫ûЩ
ˣֻʣµЩЩӡĻӣ˺棬Žȥˡ
ҲûϵԼһʱЩˮǵô˿ڿഫΪԼ԰ֵϵɹˡ
ߵϢЦЦͬ˽䣬ЩǱѰˮóЩ ʲôر֮
ڱŲţҲǵˣЩˮȥһЩʵۣ˿ûʸҲûеӸȡ˵Ҳʡ徻Щ

̫ЩæҲڿҪˣǰ漸ԻѾҪĵԣǰҲĻ
ĵڵУŴ˴εԿǾһɸѡѡʮ¡
ǰڶ࣬һԣʵֻʮݾѡһ˳
ͨ˵⣬ʵʵǲһ˳ģ۾ͻͬ⿼ԭõĴ˷ȥ
ҲЩ˵ã˻ʵۣǵֶӡ󲻴ּñȱҲͻһ֡
ҲЩԭʮþȵģȴûϵΪԼĳ⣬ʹŻγڣǱʱԼΣ䲻࣬ҲûС
ĵۿ˿ǰʮľӣЩȷʵǲŻڣĲŲˣҲΪ⣬ϾЩ˽ҪΪµģȻ⿴в֮ˡ
ָһžӵ˵㣬쳣ϻ֮ӣ
⻰ˣϾڱԼǸͨлЩӡģֻʵãԭŹúˣ㽫ؾС
ȴû뵽ǸҰĵĶƺˡ
뵽ֲɵԼǸӣһʱ䣬ԭЩϲõһӾѿ˼֡
Ȼ֮ǰЩݣĵۻǽԼǿѹȥ
ϾϻһƬĵģҪϱ²Ż˶֣˵ºȻǸ˶Էֺţ˲ʹͣϼչ黹˸ӡ
ˣĵۿʮֹ֮ľӣҲ˼ְ֮ġ
Ƚһһ˵ľ֮ĵջǿڣ㶨Ϊ״ԪΪ۰ɡ
ԭǶõĴǣΪ״Ԫ֮£Ҫϸ˭˸ɫĻʵҲֲȻϾ˵ľƽɫȥࡣ
ֻգǻΪͱϾ͸ЩΪأӦ쳸ʺϣնΡ
ʵ۵˶˵˳֮ЩҲûʲô飬Ĳɶ˿˭ʥİˡ
Ǳ˳ƿͬ쳵ľҲʼĵҲɵøвɵΪ⡣
һԵǼĬһЦô꣬ȻǼᴧĦĵģȻҲܲµʵۼ쳵ľӣȻλӣֻ뵽Ͼ쳵ĸΪҾҪϾŻѡ
ˣʵ뵽˴ȻҲ˼ְ֮ģһ
ֱӱ״Ԫĵû˷֮ҲչʾԼʵԼϧ֮
ãǰˮ׼£ʵ۴˷쳣˼˶Է³ɹػҳ֮ӵ顣
Ҳ˺ô֪Ϣ֮ҲԻʵ۸ж£лԷİ֮飬ˣȫ

ʹ֮ѾʵԼڴ󳼣һνˡ
һ·ϣвߵľ¥ĿǰߣŸͷļˣһʱЩߺ
Χ˶ţص״ԪɣʵǸ˿ʵ״Ԫɡ
ԴЩҲ׳꣬ȥݣģҲ̽ɣȻǸʮģ⵹˾һôһأԽĲӣɼԽӢ۳갡
ˣԭ˾Ͷ״ԪɸΪ棬ɫȻȥ˴󲿷˵Ŀ⣬ҵĻҲ٣ȫȥˡ
Ҳһ湫ӵģȥʵǸˣ˶ʣСɬˣԷлˡ
νһȦ֮صУһһǰص֮쳲һ
ĸȻ黹δãɫѾ˼ֵģҲɵ¶Ц
ͺŰɣ֮ĸҲæģ̫ˡ
ĸ֮ǰ֪ȥԼʧٵϢ֮󣬾һֱಡ齣Ҳת
֪õϢź˼֣Ͼסһ֪Ƕ񿵱ץ֮ĺϢ֮ĸҲ
Լ״Ԫ֮ĸ׸ϲòѣϵĲҲ࣬ȥࡣ
ĸȴЦЦôҪ£ܶأЩȻҪΪġ
ĸʵǸ˼ˣһʱҲ˵˶ԷֻӦ£ԸˣǲҪĸ̫ۡ
һת쳱ôһѣȥǸĽͯŮһ㣬˹
˳ƽס˶Էһ̱Էڵ磬ԺǲҪ״Ԫˡ
쳵˵ĶͷȤˣ
磬ף㵱״ԪһСɰ˳͵ϡ
ɰȥЩŤŤǻܿϱ滹װһöϲʽ
ɰõһˣﶼûء
Լ˶ʱɰûж˵ߵԼǮġ
Ͼ˵ǲʲôʱ䣬ɰǻö˺üʮأˡ
Ȼ˼ɰԼϣðɣлô๦ĺɰˣһֱŵġ
ẬЦĸףԼԵãҲɵð˼֡
ãǻԼߣǸߺҲûˣԼĲ֪ñʲôģˣܰƾ٣״Ԫ֮λأ
л˵
գָƻ
ƻ󤴣дֵĻõҲ֡
? 74 
, Щ̷ԼµˣһֱʽĻҩ, һ˸ֲͬʵ, ޶ȵǿЧõĻҩ
֮Ǳ㽫ε·, ĳרŻ˸أиƫԶĵطȥˡ
֪ĹǸǱ⾯һ, ϾһصʵҪúܣϢȻй, ҪС, ɲȥ
һ̷֮ջǳԳȵĻҩ, ʵǿŵú, õǣټЩмƬ, ɽ֮Խ, ԵļȫƷϴŵļ¶ܴ͸
Щ˵þˣЩõģϾǾƳɵ, һ˵Ҳܿסì, ۼҲܱ͸, ʵЩ֮۾Ҳɵü
ĺö, ɱЩҪˡ
, ̷ڴ, ھϸɸѡˣʽ٣ȽϸߵĲ֮ƳɵĻڣĻҪţĵطҲըһӣҲǴ˴λڽ⣬ϡ٣˵ͻˡ
Ͼǹ㱸ˣⶫ뵽ǴڹǣЧΪЧ
㲻ǣͶڵоӦҲɼ
ҲɵϲϳȻҪũɼƿۣǶũԼ棬ΪصģʲôõеʽõԼǮʹ͡
ˣǱϾĽй˵ܲʵۣҲܵЩǮĹ˵Ѿˡ
ңַߣǱڴ̣ⶫ֮󣬻ٱǴҲ˳֡
ֻ򵽾ϾںϽǺĵģⶫƳ϶ԷֵĻȻҲǼΪϲġ
ֻǣЩʱյĳ֮ȻȷȵĻҩȷʮ㣬һȴ¶˳
ǱЩĻҩѳڴ棬Щڻ˵˸ֶǶǷպã߻ˢͩ͵ģĶһ˵ϼЧҲ١
ƳɵֻҩǷĩ״ģװˣǾ׵ʯ۱³ײ֮ܳᣬѷԭЧЩĻˡ
⻹̷ֵⷢģԭǻΪ˷ܵشǽװõĻڴ˹㱸Ǿһ·ϵĵַ˼֮ЧԱȵĻҩҪСһЩ
Щѹ㲻ŵģСǰȷϹ֮½Щҩ֮󣬲ܵȼ
ԭⳡ棬ЩҡĹҲɵüͷⶫȥأϾʮĶ¼˿϶ϲģ˵ᷢʹͣǿЩⶫƺã͵ڴ̵ı߾ȥ
ֻһⶫȱ㻹̫ˡһ·ȥǱߣǼҩ˵ãʱҲӲʲôá
ѲҪɹŲȥֱֳϻҩ
Ҳ̫鷳Щ
ⶫϾܣ֪Ҳ࣬ЩһҲĺܣðЩ˶͵սȥأһСʲôǿ̫ϧˡ
Ϲԭһ侲±ߵĹҲЩϾԭǻָⶫǵЩǮأ˭뵽Ȼȱأ
ˣǻооûʲôӣЩҩȻ͵ȥ
ЧĻҩӣȻǼޱȣ޲ʹ˵ǰ
ֻȱݣЩԥˣ˼һ֮ʱԼȸԾģЩ취ûʲôԲߡ
ҳ˰취ȻǺõģûҳҲҪȥǰģջǿζۣǷҪùǰȥֳҩ
ȻôģϹ֮ЩĹţ˭˺÷ӣȻҲǰԼ䣬˴µʹͣҲʮ͡
˻һЩһ۾ˣĽˣ˵Ѱ˺һЩҲòȥƽٺҲһӡ
ʮӶ˵ǺģϾ˭֪ԼܲڻǶ¶ܵõʹء
˵Ҳ֪ԼܵЩʲôʹ͡Ϲٿ˵Ľȴʵʵġ
Щʵʵĺô֮һúܣ޲Լһҳʲô÷ʱõӡ
̷ȻҲʮĶѣھҪĲţҲ£ؼҵĴҲࡣ
ǮеҲܺù֣Ҳۿġ
ԴµҲܸߣģʼо취ˡ

Ǯļ£ûã̷ҳһְ취ţȻЩƳɷĩĻҩܳǺβЩĩƳأЩڻ򣬱״Чͺܲ
ʼŽЩˮĻϷĩ״Ȼϸĵĥ飬ƳɹС
ţЩϸܵɸӷֳɸֲͬĴССףҩ衣
ֹĿ״ҩһһԣĳɹϲˣڽЩĩĿ״֮ƳɵĻЧ֮ǰҪࡣ
ңĻҩըܱ֮ǰǿȼЧҲܲըѱĻ𻨶Ҫ࣬׳ۼˡ
˿ЧѾû֮ǰԴ־ӣһĽ·ڿһڿһһ
̷ȻҲǼΪģ֮Ŀҩ֮ǰþ˻⵽ϵͻήͻʧȥԭеЧҲöࡣ
ˣǰȥϹ١
Լȷϲ鿴һ֮Ҳʮ⣬Ҳɵ¶Ц
ãòҽⶫȥ֮󣬱ʱͽ㡣
Щ಻סԼȸԾģҴææǰȥ˹λָȥˡ
ܳɶȵ֪ϢȻҲϲѣҲû뵽ĹЧʾȻ֮ߣôƳʮĻҩеȱ㣬ҼԸʵǸ˲š
ˣܿ˾ϣã̷չЩҩƳɵĻһͬҽ
һּС٣˴ʱлλãԶԶϻʵһۣʱǸ˵ġ
Ҫ˵лʥˡ
ܿ죬˱ЩʱƳЩҩԼȥ˻ʹ
ڹŵȺûһǱõĵ۵ټ
ʱĵ̫ڵۣȻҪĵĻ̫ӣĵ۲һԣһ߳ŽշݵĹӣһ̫֮ʱָһˡ
֮ǰĵ۶Լۣ̫ЭһԿԼô£ƽ⳯ġ
ĵѧΪ֮ʹ̫ѧģȻкܴĲͬ
̫Ѿ˴ţĵҲʮַĵذѴ󲿷ֳƽԼֵС
Ϣ֮󣬶˶ĸȤеۣǼһͬȥ˻ʹгؿ䳡
л˵
ŴĻҩʺܶ࣬ҷĩʯۻ²㣬ܳᡣ
һֱ峯18ͣܿʿϣֳϻҩá
ŷĻ.ǹ.ҲģΪ˱֤ʹãʯǺľ̿۶ǷֿЯģ˿սʱƳɻҩ
ǣ15ͳŷ˾ͷ˿ҩֻҩͬڷĩ״ҩ֮¿϶ĩҩһѻһҲΪȼȼãȼپȣҲõ
Ҳζͬ£ҩļ٣һ˻ʹóɱ
? 75 
䳡, ĵۺ̫վڿյزԶЩȥȥذŶ, һһ׼á
վһԵܳɶǼΪһ, £ʽĻҩı֮, ɱ佦ȥƬ, ܻס
ֿΧ, 䳡һǽ֮, ָ˵ƳĻ, Ҳ׽ǽըһ
ĵۻǵһϸµؽⶫľЧ, ֮Ҳɵøֳһ˿
ʲôǽܱը
䳡ǽȻԶ, ȥЩƾ, ǵƵʱҲõϺõʯɵģ̶̳ȻҪѰ˼ҵǽǿġ
һʱЩŽɣֲɵ˼ڴ, ı, ǿٺòˡ
Ŷ, ˣǾԿɡ
̫Ҳ˼ֺҲ֪Щˮ׼, ˵ȥ, ǻֻͶȥ, ȼݻǾŶԷģɻδʲôܰǽҲըġ
ˣԺҪǵʱǷˡоҲɲСɱ
ܿ죬ǱЩ˲ú˶ܳɶǶߣվڸߴӸµؿŵµĳ
ʱҲڣСѵ£ʽĻҩҲСλҪСЩ
һ仰ȻҪСĵ㣬׼ϾȻվڸߴЩҲûм̵ֿˣһμʱЩʧ̬ʱҲ³ʲô⡣
ĵ۰˰֣֪ˡΧôԣȻﻹЩɻ󣬵ǻǽ仰˽ȥϸŵ£Ҳգš
Ȼ󣬱պ׶ȼߣתܵһĵط
ܿ죬߽ǸرƳɵĻڵȼ֮һӷþòɢڿлл졣
Χ˶ɵʶס˶䣬ҲŲһ·Ҫһ㣬Щ˶ŵ˼
һԸĽһ㶣ƺǱ쾪סˣܿ죬Ǳ㷴ӦɫǰҪסʵۺ̫Ӷˡ
ĵȻ׼Ҳȷʵû뵽ôסԵԼǰȥƺۼⶫ
ɢȥ֮ԭԭصľͷ׮ӺͶȫըɢԭӣֻһЩľм飬ըмطըһǳӡ
εĻڻ̷ΪģвȫϸˣеʣóĲϡ
εҲǾϸ΢ȷΪˣΪһֱ˺Щרʸµġ
ֽһСʹ˳ִѰĿȥСЩǹãǷھչʾġ
õĻװȥ֮󣬵ȼţѸٽȥ׼֮ǰܳɶָǽ
ܿ죬ŵڶ֮ȥĻڽǽըˣըһȱϵʯҲĴʯ顣
ը¶ǽڣȥȻңҲȷʵɼõʯƳɵģȱĿģǼʵĵ״̬£Ҳ˵Ǽˡ
ĵۿ⸱Σʵմã̲ס¶һΪԵЦվһԵ̫ҲɵսȭͷǱ߹˴ô绢ˡ
һأ׼ûٱŵȫ²ģϾĺöû
ĵ洺ؿڣҲΪͣãͣ
Ťͷʵ˭ĵӣ
ܳɶǺԼֶӴӹʦһȫ˵˳Ȼ˵ԼԹʦ˵ȷȥġ
Ǹ̷гĹҲС˺ð취ԽԳ䴢İ취
ĵǴӹʦϢ֮Ȼһ˿죬Ǻܿ죬ʲôһɫȻ
Ȼ֪ĶʦǣʲôϵҲˡ
ЩΪѣʦһԣͰôæһʱ֮Ҳ֪ûرЩʲô
ʦһӦ߹ԴʲôĶֱתȥ
Ҫ˵ʦеЩҲĶöˣʦҲЩ
ֻԷۣԼм̬ȻҪģɲܵ˶Է
ˣĵ۵һԵ̫
գǻǾȥԷֻļãëѩʮİ׺ףԼǰӸոձİ¹
ЩɫĶڹŴƳ磬ܶ˶һĴֻ̫ƽ֮ʱЩŻ֡
ЩҲɵ̫ƽǡҲأ¹ǧΪ¹Ϊ¹껯Ϊ¹
ˣĵ֪һֻѵüİ¹֮ﲻǲϲġ
ȻЩۣµľȴܿ˽Щֱȥʦ
Щ˵ΪԼֵģ˵Ϊʦ֣ǲŻ
ĵҲãʦȷʵЩ棬ЩҲԷΪϣųĵ϶Էݡ
֮ܳɶֶҲһʹͣ˵ĵ۶Ƕ˵˼֪αϾϸ緢ӹʦϢֵѰԼ˷
ֻóĶҲȷʵǸҲƽǶ˵뷨ˡ
ңҲǸ̷ǰһ棬䣬ִһЩﲼԼǮʹ͡
֮һɫþˣʱúֻԭķȫȡȥһʱҪЩȫȥڴֵı߾ȥġ
̷ǵһμЩˣʱֽŶ֪ôˣõټʱҲúܣֻ֪Ͱ͵л͡
ҲԺģԼʲôʹҲ̫ʵúܣ֮󣬷˾
ã֪Լ֮ҪʲôͺãţʼĥôӿЧʣЩԤõĻ͵ϽǶȥЩʱԭЩ޴Ҳʼ
Ҳǰڵּ
ĵ۳˵ͷӶҲΪ⡣
л˵
׻ͨ塤˵̫ƽߣΪ߳ͳ裬裬飬׻β¹¡
ʱҲ
? 76 
ݿԼϵİ׺װ¹, һʱ֮仹ЩףôͻȻЩ͹, ƺҲûбֳԼϲﰡ
ܿ, ͷӦЩڹŴӦö⺬ĶԷͨ, ˵˶ķ룬ˡ
, Ҳ⣬ΪʲôͻȻ⼸ֻԼˡ
, ˽, ʦָ֮, ǿĻ, ⼸ֻޣǱ¸м, ġ
ȻҲǹг, ֮ǰ䳡Ƿ飬ҲۼģҲĶżη
֪ǹʦָ²ƳɵĶ֮󣬸ָ߿˼, ֱЩʲôһ㡣
⻰, ҲΪ, жԭ, ҪǶԷĻȴ, Ҫʲô취, Ȼؽء
˵ʡһ򣬶û뵽ĹջǺܳڵģô˼гЧĳƷ˵һҲܿɹۡ
ǿʦԴмȤ˿ʼɫؽǰܳɶΪ빦̷
֮ﲻסصͷǲܵ͹Ŵ˵ǻ۰
ֻҩҲֻǰļ֪ģȫǿԼΪִ˵ı
ȴôϸط⣬һڼ̵ʱҳ֮ЧĽ취ʵǸ˲š
ˣݳڶ˲ŵʶһǮԼһȥʾν
ϾʱʹĽˣ˵λҲǶߣƽĽ˺һЩ׬ǮҲЩǵλȻܵ͡
ЩǮȥϾʵʵĶڶԷ˵ʲôãʶҲʲô۵óȻðˡ
ʵҲȷʵˣ̷ʹͻ˼ңֵܿõһ֪ͣǹʦʱҲɵԼʵûʲôףô͵õ˹ʦĿء
Сĵѯˣȷȷǹʦʹ֮ǿһģϲõؽǱţһרá
֪ϢҲûﲻģҪ˵̷Ҳ̫ˣǷ˸ʲôӣЩҩȫ䣬͵ʹͣۼ£ʵۺĺܡ
ֵõ˹ʦʹͣϢСΧ̷֮ļҲʼ˲ϵŰݷãۼǹ⣬հһ
ǹûʲôۼʦһˣôʦµĶ˵ҲմȾϼء
ʵȵĺܣ̷ô˵ע⣬Ҳòзˮһء
̷Ӧܿͣˣع鹧أЩ˿ǻģҪô˵߾ȥʱȣô˷ʱġ
̷Ҳ˿ʼȫͶ뵽ԼĹУȻõʹ͵ʱǼΪĵģϾôأǺô˽ʣʵЩͷö
ãҲ԰úùˡ

һգĵԼĵУڵͻ㣬԰ǸɲС滹಻ͬƷֵһι÷ʷʵģˮƵҷţһ㾯ĶûС
ˣĵ۽յջ񻹲СԱ߷õͰѾװˡ
ʵúܣЩӽ󲿷ֵ¶̫ӣԼֵһɡ
ûãʼûʲô˼ˣعȥȴԭ۵̫ӣҴԼǰ
ôˣк£
̫ӽһ⼱ŵݵǰʣѵš
ţѵģôˣѲˣ
ЩɣСĵܵܣ˵һĸͬĸȥˣʱĻʺҲ̫󣬱˹Լϥ¡
ˣǶ˵Ĺϵ˵ֵܣҲʤֵˡ
ܴܵСּΪϲĻӣҲ֪ΪʲôʽԶԶֵѵȥϳΪļط֮һ
ԭΪԷȡһȴûж˵ʲôֻ˱𣬱Լ뿪ˡ
֪˸ʸõѡҪȢһŮӣ˸ʣԶԶˡ
ҲƴڻһֱԼ뷨ԸԼȥѵء
ݣôЩӾҲðȣֻѵһຮ뾩ʵر
ˣλ֮󣬳Ѱϵ밲ӣЩѵصķ飬ЩصɫƷ⣬Ҳ᲻źۼؿЩʹ͡
ĵ۵Ȼó˼ӡһֱܺãҶԷҲܺõذŶȣʹүҲûԶд죬ȴҲʧ˷ִ硣
дŶ˼дԼѵָʲôֵһӣ⺢Ƥ˵㡣
޶ȥתƣʶʶ羰ʱѧЩգǰͰŶԷģȥģŹֵĹӡ
ĵڻʳˣԷдЩ˼£żҲĽ
ˣҲᾭնԷȵزЩӹȥúýѵء
˵ó裬⵽ôԶĵطȥʵڿȴ֪ԷǿúܣӱʵۻҪ˼
һɵ̬ȣǷţȴûע⵽̫صı顣
ܿ죬ĵ۱ǿʲôŵĶһűֽްˣ
ЩԼģ긻ǿʱ򣬱С˼꣬ôô죬ˣ
ʵЩţĵϸϸһȷѵǱļ滹ӵӡЩȻط֣ɫȥҲЩ㱡
ʣڰ̫Ӹæǰ¶Էʲô
ĵȴۼһ򶨵ؿڣ׼ӵ룬ؾɡ
޺Ϳʼ˽ˣͽ붼ǲԶĵط񲻹깤꣬Ĺ˾Ҫסȥˡ
ҪؾȻҪӻ͵ģķӣ뾩ҲҪûʵ۵׼֮󣬲ſԽġ
⼱˸֪ѶһҪ飬ȻҪĵ۵ɡ
֮⣬ްţӼλҲҪг͢·ġ
ĵ˶Է֮󣬱ţһһػԼĵ̫ӻ˻֣㲻ظȥּǡ
̫ӿӻǺܵĸڵ״̬ǼԷƺҪԼ֮󣬱һԵ̴ӶţǺźţϸЩҪ
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˵, ĵϣֽѾ÷ֽչ, һϸϸؿÿһ֡
ڿżз纮, ͷʹŻҽ󣬶, һ֮Ǹֵ˼һ, ػؿ飬ղŲò, , СĵܵܣȻˡ
Ҳû뵽, һ, ǰЩӲûдˣȻͻȻ˼, ˾ûˡ
, 򵥵һ仰ɵñ۾ҲſЦҪ
ĵһֵ֮, ֻϵ, ˵, 󲿷ֵܹϵʵǸϲȤһ
ϵ, ȻһСһܵ, Щֳˡ
ĵ۳̾һ, еŷϣֵŶͷҲ˵֪Щʲô
Ҳģû˸ô۵ʱ
ӴͶĹ⣬ϣǰůõ⣬ȴЩ䡣
һ˵Ӱ¼ŵڵУδ

֮Ӿյ˳͢ӣ̶׼ʴᾩȥᡣ
ڴ֮ǰǰȥݼԼĸҲΪԸԼĸʴһܣطôƫԶĵطҲĸԸǸˡ
òȻᣬ񲻻֮ͣģҲ˲²Ǹò˿ˣȥֻѰŮӶֶѡ
ȥɣһѵأúչġ
ĸȥ͸𣿡
Щ⣬֪ԼĸĸһúܣˣΪĸײԸԼһͬ뾩ء
ҺѾˡ֮ǰѼһ棬Ҳˡ
ңһߣԶģҲһʱ
ǴˣѵػҪ˿ŵģǼ˱㰲ȥɡ
ԣҲȰԼĸ֪ԷµľԼĸѶҡ
ˣ׼ң׼Щ̣Ҫ͵ǣŸȥǡ
ߺжһһ㣬Ծϵһ飬ʹɫҲЩȻ
ȻúܣЩҲûȥֻǵʵԼϵʱᵽ˵ʹʹ
û˭뵽ԭһ岻ȻֻΪһССķ纮ļûձˡ
ԼؿڣţҪѹзʹһ㡣
ˣҲҪźһͬ뾩ѵؾֻʣԼ
شƫԶ˵ƽ֣ΧҲһЩСģҲż١
ԼƤ񣬴ӱҪ˲Ǯ֧֣޽˴̣ôЩԭĻ֮أҲЩ
˵ЩȻǳԲܱ֤ˣһЩ˼ҲܴطĺöҲЩǮת䣬ҲʹѵصİնޱȾء
ˣҪúòײŽ⸱ģѵأ֮ǰŬ׷ˡ

Ӵһ˳˸֮󣬱㿴վգЩ˶ԷǰģСﻹŻΡΡİ׺ˣһɵѡ
ӣ£ǲүؾ·ʹһ̰ɡ
ӽӹǼչѣȷʵһͨ˼ҵĲϷ϶ɵģȥЩ
ҲܿЩǼõˣЩϴŵĻЩΪªĲ£ϵĲȴϴҪһЩ
һﻹЩʣлλ
ȻͽѸĹϣӿȥЩײ࣬ȴ˶ɵ
λұҪ͸ؾˡ
һξ룬վڽֵԣעȥЩ̲ס
˳⣬Ȼ˽Ŷ飬ȥҪһͬ·һ㡣
ӿȰ͵ǣתͷȥͣЩͣ½ŲĿһ˵ȥ
һܵһȻСЩҲǲ֪£Ѿ֪ԼĸˣСûյЦ⣬һȥһ
õ۾ҲǺģǲſ޹һͷЩԾᣬվԭؿ뿪İգɫҲЩ档
ֳΪǸү𣿡
ͷǰǸˣǹ˺ӣЩղŻԷ͸ס
˼ص˵ͷٿѯʲôЩ˶Ը׵Ŀ϶ԭ࣬ôˡ
ôˣΪ׵ѹһֱǵø׵֣ڸ˵ѾһΪˡ
ҲЩп˭˵նЩأҲ˭Ǻã˭ǲãЩһۿȥ׵¡
ЩΪ£Ҳ׷ˣ뵽Ҳ˼֡
ֻǾǣδȥأֻ׻Ҳķ飬ֻԼδȥۼʶ
ôһ룬ӵҲɵ˼ֻϾǳӣãŵȻ¶ǰ
ۿȥ򶨵ĺܣȥһӣһ㶼ľǵ¡
̬ҲȾΧˣ̴ǣ⸱ӣҲ˼ġ
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ĸһ֪Լ, ˣǸ, ˶Է, ְ˶ԷһСæϲٳ, ǲǰ, Ҳٵġ
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ȴûϵ, ʵǸƤļһ֪Ÿʮֳɫ˼Լʵȱ˵úܣȱһ֮ܳ, 뾡취ôҲҪ
֮, , Եɳ˱û취⣬ʵĻΪȷǸ˵, ŵԼĻ, Լһ, Լڹٳϱ˷ţЩȫˡ
ԼɫĶӰΪʦЩѵأԼĻȨֻ֮£ʵǸ㹻
Ҳձ۷ѵأľ£һֱ

ǰɫѵˣģںеŵ㣬ȥɵԼô꣬ȴӢŵˡ
ʵǸЦȴʲôļһ
ʶԼʱ޶߲࣬ȥʱһԣ߰ˣˣҲֻԼúñ壬Ҫ
УҲǿӼѵأлмǸ⣬Լԭĺ뷨˿գһֱ˻ѵء
Ȱ䣬ǻ뷨ԼȥˣҲˣѵֽҲչòһԿֻسɵĻǴ´ˡ
ȴѵÿ̱䣬ǸõԼˣˡ
⻰ȻһӾ˼˵뿪ѵأˡ
ˣҲ⣬Цſ仰Ҳˣƣؿɲұˡ
ϰԵػ죬Ǽ⸱ɫ԰׵ģջǳĬˣû˵
ʹԣоγ֮ţҲϾǸˣϲ˵һΪ¡
Լʶõĺѣʱ޶ģʹһҲп޳
ԭΪʮ㣬ϲֵļһƻ붯ļһóģΪԼգ뵽ȻǶԷԼһء

һ񣬱ֽӷӲض񡣡
ӵӡǲһϻ۵ĺӣӺ㲻񣬾ӣһֱ󲻽£Фĸɡ
Ҫδ£
ֱ˵˶Էôһ䡣
⻰ЩûӦܿ˽˶Է˼ָ»ǳʲô¶𣿡
ʲôޱˣܿʶԷ˵²ֻһѣģЩɵ
ǣѵؿຮǵѵصģҲ
үֻǸѰ⵱Ȼʲô£õ͢ļνȴǷصˣȻͬ
ɣǻʲʲôխ֮ˣ֮ңѾȥˡ
Ȼô˵ţﻹмɲôҪס𣿡
ȴҡҡͷӦ¸֪¡
󣬴ʱ˵ĻȴЩ⣬ɰ޶ۣҡ
ǰ֮һ̬չһ˵ǴӵĻʼƪ۽
򵱽ǸöˣӦ˵£üǵã֪µʱ򣬲˵ôֻ࣬轲ڷвסµײЩ˰նŻˡ
ദ̸ʱҲɽ䵱׽ؾ̫࣬żЩŵ
˶ȻҲˡܶ˵ڷκãεģҲܲ˵ֻѶԷһƵұǡ
Ǹˣȴƭº͵Ҳ
ǧ֮˸λȱٵѰ˼ǰ׽еĶȴҪպãȲܹģҲܹ롣
ʵҲڸζԴĵۣԷȻ븸׹ϵʮ֮ãϾѾʱˡ
ڸˣԼȻԷһʲǴǰɶû׽׽ˡ
ⷬȴΪָЩȻв⣬Ҳѽ˴ɻ
ȥʥѵصĹϵԶһ֣պӼλȻҪóôʱԷýǡ
ҲˣڱǰҪչֳԼ޺͹нá
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һλȴûõ¹ϵҲ׽ַĵطȻƫԶҲʲôطӣط˼ֵЩֻҪҪ̫͢һ㶼ֻ۱ֻۣùϵ¡
ӿɻãʬδұţȥеĶ̫Щ
һǸʲô˵ʲôˣֱˡ
ҡҡͷҪлҡȥɰԸִ֣ڣҲʲô顣
ǵһνڵһĮؽȻЩʣҲףԼպҪѵأչĸ׵õģҲóɳˡ
ˣĻ֮Ҳʼú˵̬Աº̫Щ

ܿ죬һ˱˾ǣֵ˱ټӺܿĵۣһֱȴδһĻʲϳˡ
ĵ⼸ѾƽԼǼѾʧȥ׵ֶֶŮǣЩƲסۿЩ΢졣
ļ˵ԴǼ䣬ЩͰĴڹԼһ̫
˼⸱ӣµĽŸҲ˼ּ֣ԷͬԼͲ˲٣ģмƣԾĵ۲˼׽С
̸һ죬𽥴˱˴˵УЩϵ֮ĵ۱̫Ӵȥݼһ̫
̫Ȼĸô֮ʵǶҲĸ޼ˡ
⵽ѵȥ֮ҲλĸʱЩеزҲЩ
̫ʱ֪˶ԷѶ֮Ҳһʱʹ֣ʹϧԼСԼȥûҪ磬ʵǰ׷ͺڷˣЩԽܡ
ڼļŮ֮黹Ǻ࣬ȻͲ󣬵Ϊ˴Ѿʮֵ壬ֹõжȣҲɵø̾չǺˡ
ֻǣ뵽һӣܽӣҲ̫ܣ뺢ӻǽ̵òġ
̫ȻϲϾԭҹŮһΪȢ޼Ůŵԣ֮ǰԵҪȢԷʱʵҲûеһ£ֻʢһʱ۶ѡ
û뵽˾໥ֵȻǶģҲɫ
ӢţһұѾǼΪҸˡ
ˣ㲻ֻǶżչ¶ƵЦǳЩģɲҪŶӡ
ӺͼӼеĻʲԼĸǺˣѰ˼ҵĳһ㣬Ҳ𽥲ôš
СЩ¶һɰЦССڵسŹеĵĲ
һиȾ̫Ҳɵ¶һЦԵô㣬ԼԾһС鳢˳
ԭҪعס̫Ƕ׽ֵ£ǻʱס˹С
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ĵΪصĵܵ, ʾ£Ҳ, ɥʽٰü, һӦƷҲǰӵе߹ġ
еҲһʹ棬ʶ˵ƫԶǻʵȻһӡ󲻴, ˵ǼΪص£ЩŮҲյ˵Ĺע
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Щ, Ѿϰڹеʵۺ̫󶼼Ϊ, ֳ̫ҲϧǸ, Ҳйա
ķԸֻЩײ̫ŵȤĵҲʱ˵ĹҲ͸ӴȰ֡
Ҳ˿, ȻĵʲǸ, Ѳ, 㸸ãǱϾҲ֮ǰˡ
˼ڸ֮, ԭ׼ٹѵȥ, ̫ʵ᲻, ͻʵһ˵ĵҲ뷨ھжЩʱա
Ͼǻǵһǣ̫ϧһֱסôƫԶѵأʶʶǵķ
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⵽ǶȥۣҲֲȻȥ̫ˣȻСھйӡ
˵Ǽ˵ĻҲˣ˾ĶôĴҹ㣬ŹأѲɻҪѵ
һ˵ԭȥҲɵԥ
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ĸȥţͬõ˻ظ֮Ǽ˱ʱ˾ǣ׼סһЩӡ
̫ҲΪϲãЩΪȥĳ飬Ҳǳ嵭˼֡
Ȼȥˣ⼸ɫӲŻڣӢСҲΪģĺܣǲƵģ̫Ǹˡ

ЩҲ˿˵λʦϢЩ¼ڰտǴЩɫʵġ
ѵȻƫԶЩҲӹ·˿֪˶ԷһЩϢЩϢ˺һʵںš
һ˵ҲˣÿˣȥǣǵǱߵˣжڶԷƳ硣
ܶϻЯһСϣʦܱԼƽǸ˴˵һ㣬Ҳҵʲôȥĺöõ̫ѧ񲻾ǹҫˡ
ӶλʦҲżֺģǸĻǽעǸΪ߲ĵϡ
Ͼѵĵ۵گȼ֮˳ˣ˼ȻҲҪΪѵ롣
ϧǣֵҪĻˮԴ㹻ĵطֻϷطֲ
ѵȴǳɺɽּ࣬ͲֲЩ˵ܶʳﶼֳɣֳɣջҲһ˵ĳԺȵġ
ŻóѻĵأôỤ̆һЩҲΪ˵صŻ߶
ˣԭڴĵ֣˵Ҳѵֳ뷨Ҳ˲ˡ
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ӺȻҲ֪ѵãæ̫ӵлҲ֤öˣڹʦǰʧġ
ܿ죬˱˹ʦ
˼̫֮ӱǰλõãΪĽʦԽղŴǰݼ
ȻҲ֪ǶˣϾȷʮ֮¡أҲΪ£ʼھУʱڵеΪп
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ˣ˵ЩԱвܺãָĸ±Ǹĸ֮ý֮ԣԶΪ
Ҳ˾ʵǸˣΪһŮٻҲ⵽ôһƫԶĵطȥʵڲ
Ҫǣ˲Ƹλ֮Ůûء
ܶŮӼ䵹ǶĹۣϾǰֻǸӵƽӹһһŮӿʼĽ
ϾļŮӲѰһеҲΪء
˵֮󣬵ǾȷʵټʵС˵Żеڡ
ЩС˵ŮһͨǵõһλүϲôҲ²ûΪԼľǨŭԷʵ˺һʱ䡣
ֻ¿ϧϧȥˣֻ¹¶ĸʵڲеĴԲҸϵĽ֡
˽˵Ƕ˵Ĺ֮󣬻ϵͳһɡ
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ϵͳȷϣ粢ʲôС˵硣
ȻԼǽҲˣһԵˣֻϧõĽ֣ջûһͬϡ
ˣ̫ѯԼ뽫һ˫Ů£Ҳͷͬˡ
Ӻʦ֮󣬳˼񣬱ûԽΪֻĵ̫ʦĽ̸
Ȼʱֳ̫˵ʦţ˵ֻżͷףʾԼˡ
һţһ߲źۼشˡ
ԭΪմԣòµĺӻҲͬһʮֳڡ
λƺֻԿЩλĻѷɫģϾƺûвģλʺ˵ЩҲǶׯŮ
λСȻСЩȴǼΪѩɰģǴЦÿ鶼ɵúϼ֡
żһ˫ԲۣĿԼۣģĽͳݣ˭񣬶᲻ɵ¶Ц
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ݶӡҲܲ, ϾһģɰС
˵òѷһȥҲǸ˷һ, ñһ, Ҳܶһģɫʮֳ
ýЩϵͳ, ˿ֵ
ǸģɰĿֵǺ, ҲǱѰԸһЩĳ̶ȣܶ಻ǺҪĻ׹, ˡ
էһȥǺעĿ, ֵȻʮ֮ߣǰĳ̶ˡ
ݿ֮, ɵóͶһ۹ȥ
ϡ档
ѵ˵, ԭ̫ŵĻλľȻλ, ȥһ㲻۵
˵, δʲôĹ
Բ²ţɵÿʼϵͳûʲôܿԾ͸һ¶ԷδķչÿֻԼ, ʵ̫ˡ
ϵͳһ֮, Ҳֻź˵, ĿǰûĹܡ
ȻЩʧҲ֪ⲻʲôϷ, ֲʲô, ˵Ҳû̫⡣
̫ȴǼΪע⵽һ, ˵ҲˣҲʲô£̫ӳЩʦӴͬЩϵˡ
Ҳֹס˻ͷ뿴ʦǸʲô˼
ݺ棬Ҳ֪ԷǸʲôҲе뷨ǽעƵǸСϡ
ʾԷǰȥҲЩȣǼǰģôÿĽԼȥȻҲúܡ
ʶؿ˶λֳһִּۣЩȥ
ȴǿ߰ģСŮԴ
ԭ֮ѾͮͮˣоǰλʦÿҺ㣬ľ뿴еκġ
ѩɰ
ȥҵ԰ӣ
˻һԭŵ˵ͷ̲ס̧ͷһۣػص롣
˵գҲףǼȥԼǰЩӿٳѾ߶߶Ĺ԰
ռʵҲԵӵȥǴ£дУʮֲ
ȻҲ԰ӵ£˵Щ˲Ϣ֮ʱɵģϢĹԭʲôûе԰ӣô滹ŲٹӣЩӦġ
ҲǼΪ棬һƵģֻϾǹʦĵطûõ˭Ҳ롣
Ķ뵽ԼȻôˣõλʦһʵ̫ˡ
̫Ӽ˷Ի֮Ҳ˼ţԭʦſǰ˶ԷԵɣ⵹ҲǼ¡
һΪ÷ʲôɻ䣬֮ŷӣҲɵЦЦ˶ϲ򵥵ͣʦҲ⡣
ǲõĹ⣬лҲһͬʶʶʦ԰ˡ
˵ط֮󣬼˿ǰ˷ḻ඼δֲ͹ʵһöЩۻҡ
ЩʵȫʮֱЩҪ࣬ҲΪˡ
˶۵ӣҲɵ΢ͷ²ؿǰľ
ôɫ޵Ĺӣδأǰմ̫˼ʹζüˡ
ǰЩ֦ϵĹӣ֮ǰԹζɵ⡣
ݼ⸱ģɵЦЦϲʲôԼȥ
Ӧ֮ԭЩ̿԰תţ￴ƣʲô˼ˡ
ԭЩģǷЩçײЩǼʦݵӣԼҲɵ÷ģΪ⸱ӣʦŻ
˵ܶӸλ˼ӵˣϲĶ򵥵ױ˿͸Ը
Ϊ˽ݵҲֵ԰תţֻǻǲִŪĶֻǽţѾܿˡ
ЩϹϴҲżˣãǿ϶ǼȺÿֺóԵĶ
ߵһʱǰһˣЩⶫҶƬҲģôԵأ
԰е涼Źӣȥ۵úܣҲܺóԵӣϴЩҲǡ
ôǰöȥôŹ֣Ҳֱߡ
ԭأǰʵôˣ
磬ʶ𣿡
ҲͬСţȥЩ˼ϾĲʶ֪أϾô
ȴǿָķһСƬյأΪͬЦǼôӣɵþ
Ҳǣһϲֵӣǲ⳶ѵģô˵ǰʲôĶˣ
̫վһԣȻûǶ˽ЩʲôǼվﻹǾЩ֡
˵ⶫʲôģ
⻰Щ⣬ⶫǾΪʲôҪʲôģ
ǺʵػشţǳЩŹ֣ȸ绹Ҫһ㣬ĸӣ滹кöϸҶӴš
ﻹгòһģôߣȻһ£ûԼߣûܳԵģǲҶһ
öԷϸһ֮ϸǰĿյһȴûʲô
̫صĻţһۣ˱ˣԷҲ֪ǰʲô
һŹֵİãΪԼʲôëء
˲ɵýתؽϣȴԷȻһЦֽ̧㿴Щ𣿡
ʱ·ҲʶԼʲô״̫Ӻ͸綼ֻԼˡ
ϾֻһֲòʲôĶȻǻ򶨵ص˵ͷǣʦˡ
һݳǶһ䣬ȻӺ̫תȥԭǿյصĵطͻȻ˼ݵֲ
һӲɵһɫЩ𺳺;ȣѵǹʦһ㼴𣿹졣
ԣǰ˵ⶫǱضǱˣѵʲô۷֮
һ˲֮󣬱뵽飬жڹʦ̬־˼֡
֮ǰ̬ʵ󲿷ֶΪЩ֪ٵϢԼʵۺ̫̬ȣҲȶ𾴶Է
һ̣ʵˣԷʵģôһУûչֳſҿϸţûзʲôġ
ȴûйЩʲôֻһ㣬ȷʵЩԵ
ҲԵֳָǼף͵°һЩ
ˣɡ
֪ʲôǼȻƯ͸ԼˣȻҲ̵ؿӦˣǣллʦˡ
ȻˣʵЩź֪ʲôģܲܳԡ
ôÿЩӺóأѲҪҶҲ֪ҶӺòóԡ
ԻԴһӱ뷨ռˣһԵӿ⸱ӣ֪ˣǰԴŽݵǸ
? 81 
Ǹ, ʧˡ
ȴһӡ
ʱ·عˣҲ֪Լ, Щ, ʼҪôתƻ
ʦˣЩҲʲô𣿡
Щ棬˻һ, һԵ̫ӺҲɵþʦô˵, ϾʵҲܺ£֪ΪʲôԼⶫ, ȴֻܿأ
Ц, عȻΪҸӾ, ǿǰĶ
ЩѾ㹻Ļ, 㹻һһ˼֮, Ǿ׶һ
֮ǰĵȻǺܸ, Ҳ٣ֻϷˮԴḻĵطֲȻĻͻӰ
ԭľǶһһЩ߲ͺû
Ϊͺͺ, ںμ, ¶ȼ, ƶμֲǿ, ǳʺû, ƶصĸߺɽ
ͬ, ҲǱȽͺͺƷ֣ҺˮСһʳͬҲǸѡ
ֻǶõ֮Ҫôóֳһ⣬Ͼܲ˵ԼãԽɡ
˵뾩ƺڴǸˮϢƾҵʲôʺֲѵصչһµصũҵɡ
Ҳ˽⵽ѵڱȽƶĵطܶʳֲҲߡ
ˣƶϡٵĵط˿ҲǺܶ࣬⼸չ𾭼̶ˣ˿ڲŶЩ
ũϾǰҵ֮ףҪ㹻ķԣе֣ŻԽԽѵأȻĻαҪǶȥأ
Ҳͬ취ҲڵطչˮʩһЩܼˮɽĶ
ͬҲ֪⣬Ҳ취⣬ֻʵǸ⣬ӹҲû֪ôĻĵֳ
ȴû뵽һΪѵ⣬ڽձ㱻ˡ
ߵǰָָ׸ϵıŵףɲǹӣҲܳԵġ
ΪףǾϣĶʯ
ȻֶӣǰЩͰֻܿҶӵֲ꣬﻽ʳõĲڵ֣ĶӦҲܴﵽʯ
ʵȻֹڴˣǿǵĸˮʩȵȣʮֽؽԭĲ˼ۿֻۣ˵˴Լ֮һĳ̶ȡ
ҲѾ㹻ǰ˸еˣϾԭСӲҲʯңܴﵽʯǷʱˡ
ͻȻðôֲߵ̫Ҳɵøе·ϵڱˡ
ֻһֲЩܶЩʳϼˣһֱöЩѣˡ
һ̣ݵĻǸӼ
ңɽأƶຮֲ֮
⻰ǰ漸仰Ҫ̫˷ܣЩ಻סԼϸѯǲڹʦǰʧˡ
Ҫ֪Ѿ߲ĵ֣ٳʲôƵҲǺܴˡ
Ͼϳ˵ô࣬Щë֮أɽûʲôƽ̹ĵطҲУֲ
ﲻɹۣһúЩԭ˿صĻĵأʵ˲ɵôϲ޲ýЩúôȥȥ
һԵ⼸仰Ҳɵ˼
ĺöʺѵأָߣֲطѵЩƶɽֲʵǸö
ֲùʦ˵ⶫԵ˿ȷʵԵֲǳ
Ǹǰֻʦһˣʵˡ
ѾʼѵصľˣպܼѵزǰӣܿһƬˡ
һûعӣݱʾ˽ȡȥ⿣Ըֻ轫죬пʳͬɡ
˱СĿ£¼ףװһСĵؽڳһͬȥ˳
̫ӿǴ׸ϳĻɫףԼڳԵûˣմɫ漫ˡ
ôһ֦ϣһȴֱأĶҲ֪ζΡ
ȻȲܺóԣһ룬ǹʦĶֻòζӦȥġ
ңʦԵͺǺ̶ֳأҲ֪ߵĶƳǣܲҲֶ
ҪˣǿɱĻҪõĶࡣ
ҲÿǣҪնӿѻĵˣʱϳĸҪϸء
Ҳڰ˼ţȥҪȥԣӦҾḻũһ˵
Ψһûôıˣʮڴûĳʳȥ̨ǶԿЩҪô
Ҳֳ֪Ǹ᲻ζ
ֿݣһƮӣ̲ס࿴ۣȻǹʦĶ϶Ǻöɣ԰ЩӿȥҲܺóء
˵ⶫȥͨ˵㣬ζʵ԰Щġ
Ⱥ򣬽ݲڴ˴ֻǷԸţƷ󣬱Խˡ
ԭȥҲ࣬ǳģдġ
˲ûеȺܾã㽫⿺õʳ
˵ʵЩǰҲӴֶ˵˽ݵķԸ֮Ҳ⴦ã㶼Сشţ׶Ҫ鿴أŪʱ䣬ͷ
̫ǰоз·𻹻һζСĵسһڣо·һɳɳĿڸС
մ֭һڣζȫУʳĶȵ⻹Ҫζ֡
ɵǰһⶫζ뵽ĶԼֲڸߺص֮ⶫóЩ
ָܱ߲ȴֻϱֲĺöʵڿ˵Ǻȱˣ˴һء
̶ֿϿʮ־Өף׺ŵĶ׵СζҲܲ
ֻ⣬¿أ
һףȻֿˣӻƷǰȴѾףʼ
һ֮󣬶پζʵڲߥŸҲһڣѵҲϰ˸׵ĿţҲܲΪ⣬ϵһףʼ
̫ӣһֱľӽʵЩ˼ֱֱԣгСƬÿЮųԣҲƷ˼⡣
Ȼζ˵Ǳзζ
̫ǳ󣬵ӺҲˣ֮󣬲ſ˵ţⶫǹʦģȥɡ
СЩҲʶⶫƺҪȻֳ̫Ҳôˡ
Ťͷӣȫƾǡ
Ҳµ˵Ӧ£̫ӻصＴǹʦȻҪʲֵġ
ɫ䵹ûʲôʻǲԸӣϾҲ֪Լ˲ܽⶫΪеġ
л˵
ˣţ
? 82 
̫ӼǶȷʵ, ҺƲãǿڿοš
ɰ, , ǵȻ֪ģ´Ҹ֪֮󣬶ΪЩôġ
̫ƺǾܵͻС, ⶫҪ̶ȣҲԸǿǵĶ
ʵڰ˼, Լ͸󣬿ǷҪֳ, һֱ㽻ɳɰȥ, ѵֲȥ
һֱ㽻ũǿ, ׺, ֲʺЩ, ٽЩƹ㵽ȥ
Ӽ͵, ԭЩҲɵó̶̵ļദҲˣ̫øʵǸǫТ֮, ֪ûвڳ޵ġ
ҲԸŶԷ, ǿȡ, Ҳ̫¶ЦҲ, ⶫ, ȻҲӦġ
̫ԭɥмϧ, ⻰ǾӹͷͨǸΪĺúӡ
һԵȴûϸǵضԻֻﰵԻζոճԵʳ
ĺúó԰Ҳ֪Ժûлٳˣ̫ӸһۣȻⶫͳȥˣһζӦҲԵİɡ
֪ⶫòôأóԵĻѵأĸҲأĸҲûЩʦóĶɡ
Ǹ׵Ķģܺĸ׵ĿζҲ֪ܲȥء
ţ˱ʦУһϸؽЩȫԳҲҪƻôȥеũ
صʹ̫֮ӱǰȥĵۣϸ֪˽շ龭
̫ӺӶûпǰĶֻʱĵ۲Щһ£ľʵ뵽һЩõ
ʦ̫ӻǿĶԿƶɽֲ֮֮ǰ뷨ȫ֮Ժһվ
ôһ˵Ǳˡ
ĵҲ񿪿ѳʵ࣬ĻЩĵԼɽֲĵأܲռָ߲ʵǸһĺö
Ҳʼ佱޾֪ȥǸø֮ˣ˰
ĵۺܿŴһЩ鱦ʹ͸ʾνҲģԷʵúܣھΪһźûˡ
̫֮ӿʼƷ׺ζҲɵҪӹʦеĶǷζ̫˵ζѵҲƷĶ
̫Ҳ˼Ըˣɰշŵȥڹʦָġ
ܿ죬ĵҲζҲסصͷ̫ͬӵĿʵǲô࣬ζֲѷɫȷʵúúƹ㡣
ˣϸĵҲ̫ͬӵ뷨Щ֣һֱ㽻ɳɰѵȥϾǹʦģܲȫ£ԼǸСˡ
Ȼԭǣӹʦ٣һȥҲ㹻ũֲˡ
ˣĵۺܿũʦָ׺ֲԼ֪ѿϻ˶ԣͲʳˡ
⻹ǽݸոģȻѿһԻжΪԷһҪ˵ģһ治СĳԵˣǿɾˡ
֮˶̬Ⱦ͸СˣһСĳʲô
һߣ֪ĵ۽һԼҲΪģΪԼӦյһЩǮƲء
û뵽ֳǣˡ
ڶգ֪Ϣ֮󣬱ԭһֱ̩ȻȥһϲʤӣҲΪȡ
ǣ
ܿɫٶȼ죬ָֻӣһ䣬¡
ȻˣҲسھˣҲʰʰ׼ѵˡ
ʵںýȲƶѵԣǷֳ
ˣôѵأøӷ뷨㲻ôңԶˡ
ֻҪжֳӣǱһطҪĸˡ
֮𽥿ԣЩǲΪӶľȻҲῪʼУЩƣȻҲøסлɡ
ŻΪԸǰΪһЩŻĵطˡ
л˵
? 83 
ԭĵۻھжЩʱ, Ҳο̫ɥ֮ʹ
ӼȵһĶ˼ĸһ˴ѵ, ʵڵ, ջȥĸҡ
Ļ֮ĵҲ֪ǿ⺢Тʮ, ֹԷȥĸء
ѵصķ֮Ҳȷʵ뿪̫á
̫ǼΪ᲻⼸, Ϊɵһ֮, ǻǾסʱ, ̫
ӶԴҲûʲô뷨ϾҲͦϲǵ, Щʱ̫ദҲ
ǼƽҲûʲô游ĸ곤ĳദľ, һʵܵ˶ԷĹػ
Լǹ, ȻЩֳ, ־̫ãԼֻһʱ䣬ӦҲʲô¡
һ֮ӱȥ, ֪ĸԼϢ, Լʱھǵ¡
ڴȥ, ׼Ȼصѵϸ˵
ĵڳ׼õگ֮λ
±ǰ϶, ôһⲻϴһ, Ѹ¶, ȻҲʲô۵ļһ¡
ε˳شŻʵ۸ӡּ⣬׼̤ϻس̵·ˡ
ԭǵʱлżϾȥˣҪΪ֧ҵˣȻĸ׺æǻ̲סɣԼܲãѵصİգԼҲһΪԼ
ѵȻЩѾ࣬Ǽʶǵķ֮Ҳʶˣѵػ̫ຮ뾩ȼֱرа취ѵصİչø
λس̣ȴ˼š
ԭţԼʲ̫øùϵϵߣ̫裬պҪѵأҪԮġ
ϾǴ£ߵ֣Ҷѵ˵ʵҲʲô¡
ϾǿžаԼûպʲôֻѵˡ
ֻѵزܽøá
ʵ̫ˣѵؼֱ˵ɽˮˣ򵥵±⣬ѽˡ
ϾֲĺܶʳԳɻÿջҲ٣һ˵Ŀ
˴ӹʦⲻɵҲ˼֡
Ȼֻʦ˴µĲûĿãǼ֮ǰô֤ԼԼȷʵλʦȷʵдġ
ο֮ǰȷյļأ͸ˡ
ȻĶߣҲȷʵʺѵֲǲӣҲΪȱˮٷʶ
ףȴʺѵֲĺöˣѵرİգѵزƶĵط
ˣø̤֮˻س̵·һأвǳġ
Ѿãϸﴢŵǣѵؿɻǧ˵ľ
뿪֮ĵ۵ǿʦлˣǹʦ͸ģⶫʵõúܣ̫ܾܲôûȴκαʾ
ǹʦҲȱ֮ǰȥԷ˴ֻһЩǺֵǮʤϡȤС
ţʲôǰʻ޽ˣ
£ǰѾɡ
ǾиԷǮ޽ģΪʦǰ˵Ըľĵԭ޽ĺͷҲˡ
ؼȻǰԸԷ޽ôعʦҲܾˣĵ˽ﻹԼ˽Ǯ˳ȥȥ鿴
Ȼǳ͢죬ϾΪʦȻҪΪӣɲ͵ϣúúذС
ҲѰ˳õʯʦϺõʯϣ¹õġ
ʯյȷʮֳɫԭȻǼΪӲʯͷȴܽƮƮ̬Ȼչʾ
ʦδۼʦҲ˵ٹ£ȻҲʮȴһֱڸεݡ
ϾǰһϰҲ̫ףȥѰ񶼳һ
Ǿ㲻̹ʦľݣֻһɴһ˫ƴǴ۾
ԶԶȥֻ·ԷһƬƽͣȴֿУֻöԷƺûпԼڿµܿܿһ㡣
߽ǰȥϸϸȴ˫۾Լۺȱ˲ɵһ֮С
ԭĵۻҪΪʦһڱ˵Ȱ֮£Ųò뷨
ۼ֮ԼҪЧģûбõĵˡҲʲôˡ
ùʦѾɣҲЩ಻סҪԹȥˡ
ˣܿ¶ģãհźʱҪԹȥơ
⣬ȥʦ֪һʦ£һǰ
Ӧŵ֮󣬱˳ӵ°ȥˡ
ЩʵĸǣԭʲôʱţָЩէȻ֪¾ȻǰһϲʤæԼոʲôᣬͱҲһ档
˵ʦĳģʵܴһֱΪԲԼһһС֣ǰڴţܲܽ˻ͬЩǴϽ
ڱ£Ȼģȴұ̫Ͼǿһ֮
ȴû뵽չʵǸ˵Ҳűˡһʱ䣬Щȫжֻи¶Ļᣬʥ˵䣬ǿɾĸˡ
ЩΪ˵ҪϢĽȴЩɵۣ˿ʼ֮ģϹʦȡ
˵ĵֱɶ칤һ𺳣ʮ㣬Ҳ̳˹ʦһֵϡ
ʼչպض֯аձضĽǰġ
ݵı鿴ȥȻûʲôֻǷ˲ƣǷǿ޽֮ĻõĻش֮󣬱㿪һͬǰȥ
ȫ֮Ż۾ȥղ˵Ļˡ
ҪǼʲôȥҲˣΪʲôΪԼ޽֮󣬻Ҫȥһ۰ⲻǹ
ǲǸøлЩˣûаŪɵֽ񰡣
ݺΣֶҲûʲôɿֹϾ˶ãҪģЩ˵ʵ㲻ʲô
ʵǸε£ȥۿһۣͿԼװﲢûһҲûԼ
ѵĵ۶εĸлǿ̫ллˣ֪ˣӦЩ鱦ˡ
л˵
? 84 
ĵȻЩʧڹʦδͬһͬȥĽ, Ⲣûд£Լļͬȥ
һرϾг̴æ, Ҳʲô, ˳˱ҪĻ̷⣬һдӼ
Ҳûк֪ܶϢЩ֪ϢȴΪһʥǰ¶Ļͷ, һܺ⼸λ˵ϼ仰
һСּȸֹҲûĵ, µ²ߣǸٿһλʦˡ
ǻڼʱһ, ڹʦһǰʱڳԷһ, ʱĿѣԣӴ˱һֱǹš
һ϶Էһ, ȴҲû˻, ʦʱնӼŲ, ǸĻ, Լ·Ҳϵó
ܳʦģֻЩʦԼˡ
Щ˳ǮЩȷʵΪʦݰ, Щָ, 뷨еҲ١
, ҲǰڴţҲ֪ܼܲʦ, ټһ档
ĵ⴦һ, Ϊ, ˵ؿȥ׾ȴ͸¶ž£ϸ΢֮ɼġ
ȻΪģδƣֱչֳʱʦǸƮ˵ӡ
ɫأֻһ˫˫Ŀȴ㹻˶˵Ļ롣
ǹδۼʦģΪ񣬻ѰһЩҼݵˣһԱĹ͢ʦϻһδɵġ˽ͼ
ǿЩԼһЩ뷨˼µĹ򣬲һ
ǣԼҲòϣǡż֮ԼҲڤڤʲô㻯
ԴˣҲɫƷˣһΣ۷֮ˡ
ҲˣʦǰΰݵÿնûٹЩסԶЩ˼ңҲԸԶһˡ
ȻǼѾһСЩ񹩷ţȵ󣬸ء

֣ҲǡǽʦһͬҲ̫ҽһĽͽܷӡ
ǰͽܶǿҽݵʱյģʱҲȱ֢ЩѧɣιСҲʲôˡ
Сͽʱȴͬˣǹ̫ҽ㴫˶Էһѧҽ飬ûʵʲ֣Ҳ档
ˣôһ취ӴӴգͬĲ֢չһ¼ʶ
֣Ҳû˷ᣬÿﶼʮ档
ȻģȥᣬʲôĴ򣬵ǱϾѵģкܶԸռռˣһƵģ˵ʡһء
ˣ֣Ҳʵʶ˸ֲͬĲ֢ȻǻЩļһΪ˲ҽĴôˣ˱ǰһЩҲļһˡ
Դ֮Ҳȡ˽ѵʦſʱ򣬿ʼתƵص㣬ܴһطˡ
һʱҲˣԼٶЩƶ˵һ£ǶһЩ￴ҽʦ˵ɾͲһʲôˡ
ѡĵطǾ˵˲ܶ࣬ôһȥȥĳȴ١
ʲôԹ󣬻оС񣬶ǵӰ
ԭ֣ǻЩ󣬲ѯĲ֮ˣԭǹʦ֮˶֮Ϊ
֣ȻҲ⣬Ͼʥ϶ȥÿնææµµģûע⵽ĸط
էȻ֪ҲţҸʱ򣬴Ҳ㡣
Ⱥ˹ʦһУҲȫаӡ
Լ˵صʦأԼΪͽʵһӶԳĶ顣
̫ҽʱԴʲôأ
ɲҪʦһԼ֣ͲԸˡ
֣ŤͷֺõЦЦЩ˼Ǹʦ´βˡ
ʦ˵λʦ֣Ǹʲô˰
˵ȻǸ̫ȰĶͽܣӲأ̫Щֲ̫ҽܵԼڹҽҪֳʲôȥ˾Уúĥȥˡ
ʶҽʿڱ߾ҽҲ΢һ
֣⸱ģֲɵδͽܡ
̫ҽҡҡͷǸģͲסӣҲϲڹ¡
ͽʵڶͽΪ⣬ԷʮֳڣһܼסеҽβҩҲΪ󵨣ڴ¡
պĳɾͲСԼڹҪıףһʲô⣬ǿҪġ
ˣŽԷ򷢵ȥˣѧĶԷѾѧˣպ㿴Լ컯ˡ
ǰĴŵغڹú°ɡ
յСͽܾ͸ˣͶͽһڣȴûĽӣýȥȰҲԸģԭЩϵģҲࡣ
ҲԸ˵̫ڶͽܵĻҲСͽܾöԷŹ˼ҲѧǸˡ
֣Ǽʦûм˵ȥҲ˶Է˼㲻׷ˡ

ƽǣЩֲϷؾ˼£ڵԮ
һЩСȴرԵʣüطԮʱϵƽǿ¾ҪΧľˡ
һԮʵüʱô죬˵о಻ţƣڵʳҲѾʣ޼ˡ
ϽԼ󷽵ԮϢ˹ƽǵģԭǿųѹѹͷԼս˻ЩǺͺµҲο˲١
ֻδõ׼ȷϢ֮ǰؾݺԮִ˶Էһֲһʤ
Ԯ֮󲻾ãѺݵĶҲѾеѹһӻ࣬ԭŶӴ̵ĹƽǹٱǣҲܴڳԷ֮ٸ˴ˡ
Ҳ֪ΪΣεľӷ·𺷲ηһ㣬˸֮Ҳ˱ƺҪƽǹ¡
ȻسǱȹףǶԷµȴǳصģսϵƼּ˶˸ģʵȼǿϼ֡
ŶԷӪбıұ۵ľʦͼ¬
ˣôЩʱǴлصģһʱ֮仹ѷֳʤ
ңϽӣԭιнͳĺ壬ЩҲչ¶ͷǣΪ֪
ԭǻãϽļŮܶ㲻ȴû˭ȫ̳˶Է̵츳
СǸӣܷԭݵĽݣŸһսɱУҲʮֳɫսзҲǵòˡ
ȻһעĿģǸһ˫ĵޣȻòȥ˲ֻ࣬˼֣ȴһʶضˡ
ȻǺСµˣЩ˻ᱧš࣬ı족뷨ż
սսϼӵЩˣʵǸ䣬޾⣬մѪ֮۾˼֣ǷĺӸסˡ
Щ˲ûսɱȴûˣᣬȴŲ򶨣ԼûеĮǼزк֫Ҳ޶ãԼһӰ춼ûС
սϿ˵Ҳڿˣ˵ǿʲôѾգӲ֮صһ
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, ־ǱߺܿҲ֪ˣԷһ۾ļһ, ಢ׳, ȴʵںµúܣʮ䣬˽ý, .ǹˣüãδ, ֮һڣŭҪһν˶Է
ս֮, һȴָֻƽ, սĮɱһģ
ǸЩηЩˣȻǲԼôһëͷСӵ, ˵Ŵ, öԷ϶װǸӣ˽ָ˼ء
Ͼһսļһ, Ҫôһ, ЩۼЩѪȳĴǶ֫кӣܵεôϡͿ
ʹһ, Ҳһµذ, ޵Ҫȥ, ǲѽʵ
Щ͵͵ȥ˶ԷӪʿ֮󣬷Էƺûһ, κ
Щʧ, ѵǽһ, ϸսвһû˿η
Щ⣬ҲЩ˶ΪŷЩսϼķԺҲĹ˼֡
СӲΪģЩʵϣǸļһ
֮ˣʵ۳̸£չֳԼ֮󣬱㲻֮ǰܵż𽥿ʼͬ
Ҳ֪ܶµʿҲ֪һˣԭֻǺС£ô̶һܿУξ
ȻְλܸߣҲʵʵͳˣôᣬʱʵ̸é®ȴ۵ļһ
˱ӪЩʱβʿǣҲˣжĽôᣬôɫˣҲǸС䡣
˼ʰ
ԭΪ˰˿ڵľҽһؽԷֱãһҲµؼǵĻ硣
˼ΪȤӣҲЦ˵δѵҲһȥ𣿡
̧ͷȥǸв̫СģЩȴ˶ԷҪ֪֮ǰ̽ϵĵ˸רŴɽǶλġ
û뵽δûãͰѳ̽κˣ˵ƹЩּͬݣĺӣܳһʱ䶼Щη
ЧĺܺãˣŻƤˣô˵ҲҪδôЩʱգҲûҪȥ
ǰ֮ЦҡҡͷҲǸ򣬼粻ᣬֲܿģսȥǸͷˡ
ҵͦϲЩ£˵ԺЩʲôµĽء
պҲ˵ԼͬԷˡ
⻰һ˶Цδǫˣϴҵʱ־öҪҹͷŪˡ
˭ǰ˵ʲô粻ᰡ
ҲΪͬҪ˵Ҳ治ףԼȶԷø׳ôԷһԼˣʹ
ôһĴ򣬾ȻҲô̫ˡ
δЦеĵ˵ĸ첲Сѣʲô
ֵµһ۵ģҲҿ˵ʲô
ãֱûʲô⣬ʮС
ԣǿڸпţҲ֪Ҫá
Щ䣬ͼ͵Ȼս٣պ˵ܹͣȨ֡ͼȵأȻûôֻϣԼƽػȥҪֶϽţǾллˡ
Ӫ֮УϽؽͬҲ£ȴȱ֪øࡣ
֮ôᶨһҪ¹ƽǣΪ󺵣ݼ٣ţҲ࣬ȱʳŻ⡣
ƺΪ岻ãλԼĶӣһʤõϿɳ
δԴӴ̣սģҲԸ£һ׸Ҳο֡
ţʲô취ȺɧţǴһѵһطҪǴˣ˲С
ֻȻôߵ˵ţҲ˵սǺõö࣬ʵҲ㹻ǿ⣬ҲѴǡ
ҪȻôЩһڱ߾ôЩ겻أ
˵䣬ͨѺ͵ľѾ͵ӪС
ңһȥɱǰҪö࣬Ѻ͵Ҳ˲٣Щԡ
ϽȴʹӾм֪ˣƳЧõĻϢǱˬЦкмˣһͬȥʶʶЩǸʲôЧ
ҲڴֻǷ˵ǰ㣬ʮ㡣ˣǿдã˵ҲɳƵ绢ˡ
Ѱһĵص㣬һ֮󣬿ǰɢȥǵ񶼲ɵΪ֮һ
ǰĵѾը˸ӣһƬɳƬɢȥҲС컹øԶսһеʼ궯ҿʱסǡ
һЩ֪ʿǣЩͷԣô£յģ˺
Թ۵ĽԽЩʮ⣬ͬͶ֣ϸⶫʹõҪ㣬ʲôͬҪעͶȥʱ
Ѿ׼ãҪһεĶսУúú˴һˣһΣⶫĸܴöԷһֲ
жȼ˻һ㣬޲ʹⶫǺúøһݺݵĽѵ
ϽϾأȷԸǺúñܣй¶ЩϢҲҪӦ֣ա
ܿ죬ԭЪϢûõ־ֿʼõľһγŹƽǡ
ʵҲԴ꣬ԭǵļƻԮô㵽ٸһЩʱհΧƽǣȳû˲ûݣȻܺܿ칥ˡ
Ȼ߻֮ǵʵҲԵüƣһδιҲûʲôЧ
ѾЩƣۣڽ;ʦĹ֮£ּᶨγǻôЩʱգܲ޹ƱҪõ㹻Ĳ׬ˡ
ǰʳ鱦ڵǣЩ־ȻҲָս㹻ʳƥ鱦ȥҪ˹٣Ӵ˱㲻һССˡ
ǽһֽʱȻҲûע⵽ͶʯʹϵĻͬʲô𣬱ϾЩջʳըġ
ôսѵصսҲѾᱻЩֻ죬вĶе־ˡ
ȻһȴҪʧˣһ£ͶǾ׼ؽЩͶ˵Ӫ֮УЩ˻Ϊ֮ǰһæܹЩĻڡ
ǲûбܵúԶԭΪľ룬װԼҲˣȴʲôΣգȻһ̣ȴǻڱѿ޴һӾͰļһﶼըû˰ӡ
пľͻأУһʱǻûӦһԭأ֪ǰô¡
Ƭ䵽ϼΪʹսǣҲʼ˻궯ֵĿƣʼʶԶֵĵط
־ӪһӾô˻ᣬֱӳȥЩӦЩٶ۵־ȥ
ԷĴңֻ£˶ɵη壬ʼһеıԼ
ֽƲҲܿ췴Ӧ˺˵ⶫ֮ȥ
вⶫǸʲôô޴ǰҲδƵϢ
ǻæˣһЩҲɵʼɱУ˵ѵõĺûᣬǶԷĶóȻǰҲɢòӡ
ҪһضԷ˷ҲͲ˳˳ˮɱеĺûˣҲûнˡ
ƽǻһӹɵĴʤؾɱкϼԼǧ֮˼ʮƥĴӵս
սóжɵó·еһúüһѡ
ЩʱжһŻ𣬼ΪƽһΪʵҰģȻشϮƽǣΪӣ߶ʤţʱֲʲôʤʵЩ
һ̣Ǿʵѵõĳ죬Щ˾ǰܼ֮ȮһæˣͶģ·ǲô˻ȥҧ¶Էһ˷ѵõ
ֻϧԭС͵УξˣҪ׷ջǱ
ϾĪ׷Щֻһʱ˵ӣŻʧ룬Ǵ׷Զȥ˵ԷܷܿӦ˷ȥˣ׷̫Զһʱ֮ҲǰΧΧ֮С
źлǳúܣϽҲѵ¶Цͳƺεĳɹᾡ콫εսȥ۹ͣرǣҲڴεϢɡ
纫Ͻ룬սܿ㱻ʵĵǰϵҲսʮ⡣
ĵҲ·ԤƽǺܴܿŻֵսسˣҲѾʼ˼ţ¶ƽϢ֮ҪЩʲôʹߪˡ
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ս, һЩԼˣҲãս·ԼЩϵһ㡣
ЩϢεĻͳͬ˵, ˼Ҳ佫ңֻǵһ, 嶼ԸϰӾƿ, Ĺˡ
оֻһǸְ, ǼжӣҪ̷ĸ, Ҳлս, úչһԼˡ
ˣжԺ嵹ΪĽ, ˵ЩʱѾƾսʱ, ȥҲм޵
ҲԼѡŸֳһͬսҲˣǰԼ, ̤ʵǨɡ
ȴ⺫ͳĳɾ, ߲˵, ԼһÿѲӣʵʵеĵĻͳ, ˷˶ԷĲ, ˶Էʱ䡣
ĳɾ, ҲӦõġ
Ǹ۾ĵޣеЩԾ
ϾԷոԼʱ򣬿ȥֻһСأȫʮͣҪСꡣ
ͳյ֮󣬵ͦģԼֵʱҲǳĬԣͷ̫˵ǾҪԼĴڸС
źͳһͬսʱҲȷʵýݳһϾԷӡǸͻСļһҪִҲѧͣôҪսȥˣ
ϾԼ£Ҳö˵ʲô
˶ԷйصϢ֪˾ȻսҲЩ츳˼ν֮Ҳɵð˼֡
ϾͬԼʶˣ֪Էûս˼ֹҲȷʵǼ˿ĵĺ¡
֮⣬Ҳһһ˵˹Щȥʽҩ£Ͼ˹ʦĺã常Ҳڱǰ¶˼ְ˸Ͷұ
ȴǺ⣬ϾʲôȱֻϣЩܾ緢ӻҩĹЧͺá
Ҳȷʵܺ⣬Ľʦһֻͣһָ㣬ĥ˵
ܸһʵɵø̾ĸʱǲȱ˲ŵģʹĹŴ硣
ҼӽƳĻҲǡʱ͵ǰȥжҲȷʵֵóһ
ʽĻһս¶ʱ򣬻˶һֲܶûзӦⶫȻЩɱǿĻ
һսʵѵõѹԵʤĵ۵õս֮ҲմãºúһҲΪⳡʤϲòѡ
Ҳкܶ˹ע𵽼õʽһЩϢͨҲ֪滹йʦĹ͡
ԭѾͣЩˣֿʼ˼ѼֶҲ͵ʦǰҲãʱ˵Ҳܵõһָء
ϧǣѾڹʦЩǣеٮٮߣǼеСӾڹнְλѡʦʱҲǱˢġ
û취ﺢӲǾ·ȥҲǲеˡ
ˣЩһȦֻûа취ĴǣڵĶǣһеķ޲ó־ʹһ١
㿴Ǻ˹ʦôһӣݻûþ˹˹٣ڸϽϹƽǴȥҲǴ÷ˮģְλԽԽߡ
֮εܼСӣϰ䲻ڣӵǴͷŸոȥ˹ʦûãָ㣬常һѣôõĻҩ
ҪǼСлҲȥһԵʲôģǲҲЩҵ
ЩĪһļһ׵ĻԵЩί
ôгϢҲԼ´˵Ķһҵġ
˵вҲ佫ңӣܱȵء
üĻҲòϣȷʵ˵ͣԼںʵʱ˹˰ˣʵû˰ɡ

ԴǸ޻֮󣬲õ˱µټ۵üʦգҵʹͲ˵Ҳ˸̫ѧ
ֻҪȥĶǸʲôѧļһڹõѧϼ飬Ҳܿʲôͷʱ̼֮ңɾҪٵˡ
ǱǸͷ棬ӵλ̻һԾĽĽײ㣬ʱٹֶҲ˵Լˡ
ۺ⾭޲÷ֱԼźãҲȥ߾Сۼǡ׵Ӳݡˡ
ֻһⶫȲϾǻµĴУԴֲڣԶȥҲ׬ʲôǮ
Ҳֻ֪ⶫ㹻ůֻΪ֮طҲֲûȥҲͼϡ档
˭뵽ⶫô˹ʦۣ˱º̫ӣҪƹֲء
Ǽһðˡ
ȻЩһмӣֻã£͸ϢϢأҲ޲ԼҲҼʲôʸʦһ۾ͱУӴֱϡ
ˣܶҲʼЩ߾СƫƧطеĶ͵͵ʸʦһõټģԼ
˺󣬽ݺǼʶһطʵۻҡ
ֻǿһûʲô˼Ķ֮ԭҪЩ©֮ҲЪ
Ҳǣһ޻ѾˣĶʲôأ
ˣֻÿµһ죬ڳʱЩĶ
ձһӣԭΪտȴռĵ
ЩĶûϣҪԭ˻صģҲñ˽лֺá
䣬㿴˴̨һ迴ȥΪֲ
ɣѵԼǸ
ǰͷϸ迴ȥԵЩֲ
΢ĸоôϴη޻ʱĸһء
עǰĶһԵĹ¼æǰʼⶫɣҪؽ˵װ׵ġ
ˣв˾ʹϵĶķζأΪ̱ǣ΢ֻ֮á
ЩԣȻڻͲµˣ²ְⶫɹֲˣ
һȻˡ
ҲȻѾ֪޻ãǶЩ˵ⶫԶԶȲƽõĳУ˵뵽ⶫðȡůˡ
Ҳǣ̼Ķûеõռƹ֮ǰ˻ϲζصĿڸУᵣⶫǲжΣ壬ҲԸȥðա
֪ⶫܳԣ˵Ҳȱôһڣڼ￴ÿˡ
ݵǻͦϲõģȻʲôʳֻǵϣЩ˼һˡ
Ҳָ֪ոմͣŪӼζͺȣûʲôĲ
ţһ¶һЦⷬˣЩɡ
ⶫǴĶģɻµˣ
Ӧ֮󣬱ˡ
ȴЩźҲ֪ûбˣҪʱûУⶫҪֵģһʱҲˡ
л˵
ǰζԻʹ࣬Ϊ㡱
ԭޣкڴйļ˼㡷Уͼ㡤ʱ͡˵׻ٲͺͷζɫ죬ɹۣ֡
ĿܵĶǸֻܣʲô¼ĵǮɣ
ҲԿʱ˻ǰġ
ĩġʳﱾݡҲļأʱֻǽΪҩҶ󣬼ڷ
ֱ峯ڣ䣬ǿʼձǭ桢ӼʡѾΪߡ伫ߣÿÿˣɡ
ʵЩʡݳʷҲİʱ䡣
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һεв˾ʹ, һǸļһͬŵĹϵ, һʲ, ˮְλ䵽Ǽң˱, ҲΪ̫ң˵, ̫ϻҪһ˵ġ
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Ǽһж, Ӳθڴţ̰̫ӣҲĵۺ̫ӱȽϷġ
һҪְλֵ˼ôǮ, ´, ܱס, ʨӴ󿪿ڣѾǺܲˡ
Щ, ؼҷһ򲻴, ֻżǻؼλ, ˴СǸвסƤӣһ͵͵Ÿȥв˾ۻҵģ㲻СĵЩɮĴزˡ
һؿؼһǼ»ΪûסˣĻ°ȥˣһۼĴԱѣ³ضǸǮĹӸ磬뵽ؼҵ£Űҵġ
˺غҲݺݽѵһ٣˽ܳˡ
һҲǸвסģ꽥в˾Ҳ˸ְȴ竹£ǶЩ˹ΪȤռһЩרų˱ӣ˵
Ȼѧҵ㲻öʣѧЩˮ׼ȴǳͬһЩķ˽̸գܺܿѧ϶Էԣ˵ģġ
ڸַ˽⣬ڻͨһЩƵķҲܴҳص㣬ܿ֡
ؼҵһЩҲȤ˵С츳ϸȥ£ٺˡ
ܶҲ֪غЩ¸ȤҲܻ֢ҩЩ˼Ĺϣͬϵ㽻顣
ϾвʹҵĹӣܽ˳ϵϵЩ˵Ҳмĺôģһ˵ûܵõʲô㣬ҲǼ¡
غвȱЩϡ涫͸ʦķͬҲĳ̵ļһһ͵ظġ
ʦҲֻǼ沨˶ԼҲͰˡ
ǷҲϵһ۵һض͵͵ȥģ֮ǰȥԭ˻֮Ҳû˷ֻһ
شһȥ㼫Ϊȵص֪˹ʦ֮ǰϵһ跬Ϣ
˵ĻһʱҲûиǸʲôĹٳҲһ˷粻顣
ش˹ţֻ˵ϵĶܵùʦأؼҵˣʵڲ
ȹգὫⶫϢԼµƷ֣ȫϸʦ
һƾ֮˳ˡ
شվԭ룬ܿԥȥ˺ԺغԺ
֪ҪǳʲôŹֵ£ȥӣûġ
Ȼغ֪˸׵֮ҲسˣԼȷʵ˳˼ȥʲôҪҪǽҲˡ
ԭغﻹЩΪԼʲôܿ죬ڵ֪ԼĶ˹ʦۣˣ˻
һŵúܣԭΪЩ΢΢ŵҲһչ˵ⲻѡ
Ҿ˵Ǹ˵õİɣ㿴㿴
شûذһۣϻЩ͸¶ļϲ⡣
ˣȱŸˣ㷿ﻹûַˣҳһȥ
УⶫĸɮģҲȥⶫǴĶġ
ؼʵѾȱʲôˣϾŮ̫볯ΪٵҲ٣иƽľλвʹƽҲܱº̫ӵĿء
ǵԼĶӣѾɼҵǸصӣ̫ģСȴ֪ΪΣǸΪöӣ
ѵ˸ᣬܺλʦЩϵشȻᣬ̫ܲǰ¶ЩӡպҲܹ֡
ٶҲôֻ࣬ϣӺú£Ҫٸʲô۶Ӿͺá
غӦ£ʵҲͦ棬֪ʦΪʲôⷬѵʲô֪֮𣿻˵Ѳʲôҩĺö
Ҳ£ԺĶ˷ʣµļ跬Ҳ˳ȥ֮ǰ͸ⶫˣ̸̸ⶫǸʲô·Щ˴Ķġ
Ǳߺ֪ܿˣⶫЩϵ·һʱӵлĶ˵ǵ˾ʳõһʳ
ϵ˲ǿù죬ɫޣŻ˹Ȼ˳͸غ
ţҲʼɻطȻ֪ʷͬǺܶϰ׹ְϤоĳƽʱһô˵ĻѵҲǲ
಻סԼĺģϵͳһһͼžǰĵͼչҲɵý˼֡
ϧǣϸһ֮󣬷Ĵ¹ɺ֪Ĳ࣬ǺܶСϸڻǲһģⲢԭǸ硣
ĪһһʱЩп
ȻǲҲζţطδһЩֲҲ֪شȺ˵̽
뵽ɵЩҪԷǰȥ̽ϣǲǾܸصõδ֪Щõطչʵ
ң滹ôûдĺöҪǷˣ
ʵһֱǣϾԼóĶȻãϾϵͳȻϵͳȷĴ𸴣ʲô⡣
ǻᵣģҪԼ뿪֮ЩʳûЧǸǺأ
֪ǰ֪ʷΪ֮Ҳɵü
ҪܿԼҵһЩ޷޵ֲúֲҲԼĶˣͲصԼóЩΪԼ뿪ʧЧ
ĳҲ֤ˣ߻кܶȴ֣̽شпΪ
ˣһ˼֮󣬱ܿ˾ģϵͳϵͳǶһһݾֽʵͼϸŽϻ˳ȥĵۡ
ûһʵ֪滹ô֮أԴ֮󣬻ܰסԼȥѰЩԴİɡ
л˵
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ʱƲͬ, ɽ̬Ҳв죬˺һ֮һƬĵ, ĵصĵͼҲһȽϼ, Щʧʵӡ
Ͼ, ôĵȫ㼯ССһͼֽϣ֮
, һϻͼֽ, ĵ۴Ϊ𾪡
һ, ֽ֪ЩϺõֽһȫͬ, Ϊ⻬ˮβʪҲ֪Ǻֲɣ
ŵɽҲ㹻׶ɫҲΪḻ, ˸Դıʶ
ֻ, ʱûôһ, ϸһ֮ŷ֣ԭͼһСȻڵϳؽ硣
Ϊܱ֮, ϳռ, ΪḻĴ, ֪ҲзҲδϣֻީСˡ
ĳ룬ԼԭǾ֮ܣˡ
Ϊ֮ԺĹȻֻռСһԶ֮⣬ôǰδ֪ĵط
ĵвɵһعĸо
·ʲôһ㣬ԭأֱֱؿϵĵͼԼǰ԰ĶҲ׺һڰˡ
̫ӼģҲЩس˼ۣĵŻعеĶҲݸ
Ҳһ
̫Ҳ²⣬ֻȥҲ֪ʦһʲôøʧ̬
ܿ죬Ҳ˲÷̬ͬ¶ʧģ
⣬ģ𣿡
Ȼõʵ̫ʵûжɣܿͽһʵ
˵֮Ҳʮϳڴ˽ģͼչֳģ֪Ϊȷ
ҹʦˣ㲻֪ƣܻƳ˾ϸȫĵͼ
ͼ˶ƶˣ϶¸һУеľӸ֮С
ֻҲδڹ֮⣬˹ĺԼ½أܶطԴЩ಻סз
ǰ֪㻹ˣҲ˽ЩֻЩˣһ죬֪ǣһЩɽҰһҰʵ̫Ȼм
ҲδҪȥϸ˽ЩĵطΣǱȲϳġ
ôһȻЩĵطͬطԴȷʵ٣ŵĽͭҲ
ΪһֱʮֳʵеЩΪѵĵۺ̫Ӷĳӿ޲ȥЩǳĽȫ
Ͼ˭Ǯء
Ǻܿһͬ˹ʦȥ˽ǰһ̽
ҲµǻϳսһûȫƽϢҲ㹻ԣʱǺܺʣ˭Щϸµĵͼܲһɺ֮أ
ֻҪ뷨׼ȹ꽫һӦȫ֮ʱعѾ㹻ԣ˿ҲӲ٣ǹǿʱ
ʱٳ̽طΪ˵ʱˡ
ˣ֪ǵ󣬱ֵص˵ͷȷˡ
ѵû˵ĵ𣿡
⻰˵ĵۺ̫Щ֮ǰȷʵʮţֻΪϵĹ֮УϳΪǿ಻ܱ߼бǷˡ
ǵҲ֪֮ҲһЩңϾǽΪңԶƽֲ򽻵Ƕ˽Ҳǳǳ
֪Ϣֵ֪ط֮ء滹δɹĿأٲȻһδıء
˵˽ݵĿ϶֮Ƕ˱²˳֮¡
Ȼ֪ʦΪͻȻͼóȻǶԷģԴҲһ޳ɵ̬ȡ
ȻˣȻҲҪúðᣬϾ費ȡ̣ʱӭꡣ
ĵȻ뾡˳Ѱģ̫ҲΪĶЩ̸ܵ˹ⲻơҪ˳ȡһЩƱҲܻӤ
ͷ뷨ܿ㱻סˣҲһ
²һʱɵģҲҪϼʱ䣬ҪĺҪ㹻Ϥˮ·ԱԼʩЩҪģʵڲ֮ܲ
ˣǶȻĳӿǺܿ侲
˹ݱֻ֮ص˻ʹ׼ú¡
ʦǾͼҲĵϸϸĲ˹ĳУҪּΪĶҪΪ֮رúصģչʾǰ
պ󣬻лؼա
Ȼ˼λ˺س˳е׼
ЩҴǰĴǣһʱ䶼Щԣ֪ĵΪʲôͻȻͷ
ǻ飬һ֪ΪķѲļƻ޲Ȱ´ͷ
£ǳ룬ǲܰ񷽷涼ҪӣǱ߻ںִ̣ʵûжǮˡ
ĵһĿǰͷۣǼΪʵߵĸ̫࣬Ǹ͵λǰ
ȻЩ󣬵˳ӵشǺӣȡĶչһ֮󣬱⼸λϴ˵ĺɵü
⣬ⶫ𣿡
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ڵõĵ۵ĵͷӦҵ֪ǹʦĶ֮󣬻һĿڷ磬ְԼǰ˵Ļ˻
֮ǰ˵ĳһ£ǿġ
Ȼ飬ǼһиģǿЩ캣ɡ
ԭģΪŵĻ飬ʱȴԵΪ󷽣̬ĵۺ̫ӻҪࡣ
ϾǸˣȻ֪ܵÿ죬ȻҪԲݡ
ȥӣպջ֮󣬱ܻرԸ棬ܷʮٷֹĺô˭˲ۺأ
ңԹʦҲΪ֪ⶫǹʦó֮󣬾͸ˡ
ǶԷ˼أ
λȻҲ뵽һȥˣԭЩǳǷ̫ðգҲһǣ뵽һ֮еĵҲ˼֡
ǰʦóĶûвõģÿһǶϳôȫԸĺö
ˣ⼸λϸǹ֮󣬱Ҳͬĵ۵뷨׼һˡ
ȻΪҪҲʲôһʱɵģлҪٰ죬ҲҪļ˻ҪǺúÿһ
ĵۺ̫ӼǺܿͬһ뷨֮ԼҲΪϲã·ѾЩرԼֵˡ
غյ˹ʦ֮Īĵõ̫ӵĽͣЩͷԣԼΪʲô͡
ԼȥģѵǸʲôΪı
Ҳ˵ͨѽǷҲ֪ģοȥ죬е˼ˡζȴҲΣΪ̼Լǿ˶ȥķ裬Ҳ֪Ƿʲôԡ
ǸпõĶˣôȻбô
벻ף̫Ҳûж͡
Ͼһʱϸͬ˵ĵУ̫Ҳ֪ˣʦغķһ跬󣬲ŰǸͼͽ˹С
ȻҲ֪ǷʲôȻϵʦǼⶫ뵽˺⻹δֵĺñһʱóǸͼ
ˣغʵǸñһ
̫Ӳ˷һЩ͵ظʾνеŵȴ˵ˡ
ȴûйô࣬ϾóЩȷʵæġǣ˲ӣһԣ֮߸ĻҲж
Ѿˡ
߸˵óժ˼һЩϵĳ˳׼úóһõζˡ
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Ͼһ, ְλϢϢصģʱⲻ˻һЩ̺ͨµĹԱУҪ˽⺣Ϻעĸ, ļһЩḻĴԱ
ȻΪʲôºλͻȻҪ׼ҲûۼǸĵͼ, Ƕе˽ģҲµ˼̫ӵ˼
ΪԼô, ˹ʦ, ֪ôñ˶Ժĺ֮ģŻнյĽ͡
ҲúͶϸϸ˵, ȻĻ, СӵβͿҪ̵ȥˣ֪Ϣ֮, ˵ԼҲȥ, Ҳлȥ
첻£زµӣƻпԼƽȻСӲǲ谮ġ
ҪҲг˼, ˵ӻᵣ, ̫̫, ҲҪˡ
ʱðСӺúþڼ, , Ҫܳȥ
غҲ֪ô, ʱտʼæµȻҲһЩ²⣬ۣҲôˡ
һ֮͸ֱ׳ͬЩĴеĺ̷ǽ̸ˣ˻ܲסүҲֻȥ
Ů챾ҲȰһ䣬Ҳ֪үȷʵΪӵʲôʵݣֵͣҲԶӵܸеˡ
˵ء
̷ʱҲܵˣƺԼĶܵ˺ܶ˵ĹעǰҪԼŶ죬ˡ
ȻԵɲ̫˭֪Ҫúðʱλ˵ĿأԺԼ̾͸ˡ
һЩ洬ǰķɮҲܸˣֻΪԼĽ˴˵صĹԱǣһϲѡ
ܿǾͷˣЩƺȻԼĽɲ̫ȤǶԴӴĸֶе档
ҲֻҪлӴЩˣպȻлὫ崫ÿһȥġ
ӴЩɵˣԴȻ֮ԱǵģǹпɲȱֽɣҲ٣˵һλ飬ܱȵ񾩳λʦأ
˵ĶЩתǶˣ˭˵׼أ
ǹʦĺôȴʵʵġܶ˼Ѿ֮ǰ֣͢ҰȰũٵõķӣš
ȻջļڣǿѾ˲룬ӣҲһջżˣ·ǰܿδأԱůˡ
ңǰЩ޻ũЩũٵ֮£Ѿ˽Ϊʵֲ
ҪڹˮԴ㣬ḻĵطкõճɣϳҲֻмطֲ
ˣ̫ȻеʧЩ˵ĸٳһЩʺϵĸس
ֻǳֲռأֻһС֣гԡ
ϾũǶΪÿָŵʳճɣͻȻȫֲһҲǼΪģ˭֪ⶫֵܲóûиճأУֳܲȥأ
ǣһֳɹٸȥ֮ǳͷȻԸֲЩ
⣬һЩвȱǮĸ֪Ϣ֮Ҳŷȡ޻ӣ˵ǲġ
һûֳʲôҲЩʳˣڴǰָ¶˵׼øĴ֪Լ֣
ⶫ˳͢УҲʲô⣬ҪǸöһⶫȻҲ취׬Ǯġ
Ͼ˵ŷĲܶ޼ΪϢͨͷڴ˵ǰͷ׬
Ҫûһ˼ҲֻļҲƣس֮˰ˡ

үҲ֪Ϣǳ¼ü㣬ЩطȻҲвҵصģǼҲרŷֳһƬأֲ޻
Ǽ漰еҲ٣Ͼ¥¥УΪŮƳЩ֯Եʣ¼ҵĲҵʼƫڷ֯ƥ
Щ¼ҿ˲֯֯ңЧ˲٣ɹӦĲҲࡣ
ڳ°ƶ£¼һ˲֯Ůⶫռ˸ȣҲΪѶȲǳ¼ҺҲʹ󷽷Ľ֯ڵֱˡ
ϱߵķ֯ҵһӾ࣬ܶ˶ףʽ֯ƱǻԭеĶҲ൱ѸٵЩʽ֯
Ȼˣǳ¼ʼŲҵֱʼؿ֯ңΪھʱʦԵʣͬһЩٹඩµ֯ٲȻϱ߲ҵ¹ˡ
ĲҵҲõ˹ʦϿɣԼһʽ֧֡
үһǸῴɫԹɫˣΪ׽ݵ˼֮󣬱ϱߺܶط֯ңڳйʾ༫÷֯֯
Щ˺ܶԭֻڼз֯ЩӲưˣȻʽ֯ĳ֣ЧʵͬʱҲ˳ɱʹϺ಼ܶϵļ۸񶼵˲١
һЩƶʽֻ֯ܽ۸ˣһЩоõģ˳һ̨µġ
ԭҲֻܽʵǳ¼ҲׯΪµؿ֯ңŮǮҲͣЩ˶ЩĶ
ܶҾʵƶĲʲôü۸ˣϢܿ⣬Ҫȥׯ
ļͥɲʲôŲŲ˶Ҫˣǻܹôء
ⶼµģҲ㲻ͷ¶棬֯µĴҲŮǣҲǰġ
һЩҾȥ˼ңԴԥܶͽϳǲԸȥģϾǻмͥҪϣׯڻ߲ˣҪţһСҲ벻
Ҳۺ죬֪ܰСЩŮȥѧͽҲӣȵӦʦϿԶ֮󣬱Ҫڲׯ꣬ʱȻ㹤ǮģǹǮĵҪ鲼ׯġ
ıȻҪռģϾҪѰ˽ЩǻҪʦӵģҪǮģȻæİѼŮȥˡ
Ůѧ֮µǼȻйǮûģ˶˵һҲ
ҲЩŮҾȥ˼Ҳ£༫Ϊƶ˼ǲԸ⽫пµŮ͹ȥġ
⼸ʱڼﻹæǰæ󣬰æʱˣҲͿԼ޳ȥˣαҪôʱ䣬ȥ֯أ
ЩĿⲢԶֻܿһͶȻǲϷֵġ
Ȼǽģ֪үķˮʱ򣬱ͷ
ԼҲóһЩ֧֣ϾһЩµĻǺܶ˵ʵǿֳֺõġ
ʵǲȱЩ֮罫Ƕóȥºˡ
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ϾЩŮѧϸ꣬˳ѧ, ʱҪͷɵĹǮ⼼ʵʵѧ, պƾһɣһհġ
ҳ¼ҵҲ, úܶ˶ɵĶ, Щ˼ţüǳŮչ˼, ȥׯ¡
һ, ׬Ǯˡ
֮, Щ˼Ҷ˼, һ㣬ܴеõĺôġ
ԸǿּΪӵҲЩȻǲԸŮܵͷȥģʲôأʱȥ, ˭տǶˡ
ȻҲ֪, ʵҲ, ϾԼ´˺ܾá
ڵʢ, ǿʲôĻ, İȻǻӵ, Ҳһʱ֮
ڻã˻Ϊη羴ڽݵĻȻƴӵġҪ뿪ˣҲ൱ںܶ䷨һ㣬µĶҲܿʧԭеЧ
û㹻ʱı˵ڹеĹЩƷҪܳʱ䣬˵Ŭġ
ڽݿĹͶѡ
ˣҲµʲôˣ֪ү𽥷չƥ⣬֯ҵʱ뵽˽֯Ůʢ
ƶЩ飬ԸǮӶо֯ǽ̵ѧø֪ʶӶ֯ŮӣҲϣһ׬Ǯĳ·
ϾڹŴŮ˵ûԼľԴҲû㹻ĵŻڳ֮ڷң㰤˴Ҳ޴ȥˡ
ᣬȻȲϽִǻúܶŮӶЩŮһ׬ǮԴڼ˵ķҲһЩ
һ˵Ҳܸڼеľֻƾ׬Ǯһ㣬ؼҲôΪˡ
Ȼⲻǽõһˣʵʵȥָָ⣬ⶼ˵׼ġ
һѡ񣬼Լ˶ûҪ뿪˵أҲʲôɣܱ֤һӰ쵽ʲôʱǻᾡԼһѵģպ£պ˵

Щ˳ֻ͢ؼҵũǣԭһжЩȻЩٸӿȥһһ֪ܲ˭ЩȰũǣ⵾ֵĲ˵컨׹ģǵĶ
ǷȥҲûⶫԼƽµЩʲô𣬲ǿƷЩˡ
һ˶ЩĻƴӣܾЩүǴ˵Ļ϶ûʲôģǽԡ
Щһδεǿ£ԼʳĿأǻǶһճɼΪĵģҲɵðһ˿Ρ
ȻЩ˵Ļ컨׹Щˣһʵָ֣˵ѾΪˡ
ҲģֻϣƽƽиճɣҪзĸ߲Ļ˵Ѿ㹻ˣٶģҲˡ
ȻȥЩũҲΪϲط֣ĵ̿ȥȷʵҪ껹ҪʵأǷյӡ
翪ʼһƬ̵ģЩũÿ￴ϲü۵ġ
ǶЩҹƣճɻôѵĻЩ˵ܷüҲ̫˼Щ
ˣЩ˶ȰũٵĿȴְԱ˲٣Щܵϴ٣ԭģóЩӣúԼĲ࣬ľܻúճɵӣǿ̫һˡ
ֲЩܵϴأ˵ҲʲôأȻôС˲ͬء
ţǵ̬Ҳ͸ӹ˼֣ԴׯҲ͸СˣϾһ˵һѵõĺճɣǿɲܹһˡ
Ҳֻôһأ˵ٸͲֱӷЩ֣Ҫǻ߼ȥˣǿҪúϧһճɡ
ܶϱˮԴḻĸũٵȰ£˼ҲԵˮѼӣЩ˼ҶǼб˼Ѽģһز˹ԱǵĻԿˡ
һЩḻĵطڵһķӣַʵ˴һЩɽµ˼ҲԹķӣĵζҲ
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һֱ࣬عߣֻҪúչһƬؾˣһѼҲʳˮʳɳʹ糤øá
˱ܼϵص˼ҼжЩѼֵúܡ
صĹԱҲһصճɣϾɶǵҿһرµ̬ȣؽճضҪһһʮϸϸϱġ
ҪǸñ˻Ҫɫ˵ʥմãʱԼֱӱؾء
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µСΣȻҲܻᴧĦϹٵ˼Ч֮£ܶҲ᲻ԾĹעص
ֻճ⣬ֿ߷ȴҪ칫ܶ£ջķһȴΪͻʱңһյĸɺ׵һŬ
ȴõöࡣԴһε¸ɺԺļʱ࣬ˮҲ಻١ÿԷũһοѣпڽܹһյĺˡ
Ȼ⻹һũ˵ʮͷ۵⣬Ǳÿ쵽ջʱʱֳĻ֡
ⶫʵûʲôͻ֮ϯݼصġ
ʱĺܶʵףЩȳ涼ǴĶģֻúǴԶվôֱֱķɹģ˺ܶ˶칫ŭŽĳͷ
ͻֵʱ򣬻ʵ۱˼ԼʵĲã콵ľʾ
ЩԱҲ˳Ȱʵۣõʵʵ£ԸΪбʵǸΪΪĺûʵˡ
ҲˣʱֻҪȳ͢ʳȥЩֵİҲˡ
꣬ЩطԱũǣȻҲǽ䱸ǲ֪᲻Ҳ֪ʱĻȳ棬Ͼⶫ˵ֱ֮ˡ
ҪһãһŬҲͰ׷ˣʱ˵գ򵽽ԱʳҲһ¡˵׼ֻһμģǿɾǴĲˡ
ܶũ뵽һ㣬ɵЩЩﻹԷǰȥ곣ݵһСݵıǻ
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ЩСطİ, Ǻ飬Ὣ, ǲ
˼˻, Ҳ϶Ϊʲôƿػȳ齵˳ͷǲŻ˽ѡ
Щ˱һӦ, ԴԼĳģͬ, ҲΪ˰Լġ
Ͼôһͨʱ;˳ȥ, ԼԭЩ, Ҳ΢ƽϢ֡
ԼЩģΪ鿴, 󷢴ȱһ, ǽиճɡ
ȴǲЩģϾȳ˵ҲǺ, ôЩʲôֵֹĻأҪô˵Ļ, ʲôһӦˡ
˵һذԷݵĳ֮󣬱㿪ʼ˼ʲô취ܽˡ
ϾϼȻũ壬ûۼȳӣⶫֻڿαһЩ¼Ƭ, Ҫһ, û뵽
˵Щ, Ƿײ˹ʦ
Ͼεĸֿ߲ǹʦ󷢴ȱģŸЩũҲͰ, ЩֻżһЩ֪νĻ, λ, ʵ̫ˡ
ǿҲǱȲϹʦġ
ȴ֪Щ˵˼ֻԹԵؿϿ˹ڻȳ
˵ܶ϶ϲ٩ûȳҲһֿԵĳӰˣܶطɫС
ʱ׸һץֱը˳˲Ϳˣܶһֿһʳȫ
ʵһ򵥵飬Ϊȳۼ֮ԭ޶ǣһֶأж
˵Ȼزܴ󣬵ʳõĻǺпܻж֢״
Ҳˣֵֻʱ򣬻ȳۼȴûжȥǣΪɢĶζ׳ǻԼʲôõĺ
֮⣬β׽Ҳһ⡣ȺĻȳи߶ܴﵽǧϣ˵ǵˡ
ˣȳȺۼԺ뽫ȫ׽һ쿪ˡ
֮󣬽Щңڲֵֻʱֻδѣȵ
֮ʱȽǼ࣬㽫ԼһЩ鷽硣
ҲЩȻҪģܲԼ
ԭµ˻ڵģùʦЩ޷޸ǼĳǷϾܶ±ĹͣôЩһȥЩĪĶˡ
һ֪ԭˡʦûΪ·ŭǲǰӵóһЩԽֵķӣõµ˶еЩ߲ѣС֮ˡ
Щ˵Ķܿ죬ûñ㽫űֽʵ˱ǰĵۺ̫ȻҲⶫķҪ̶ȣҲΪѸٵ˽ⶫµݸȥصĹԱǺúÿִС
û죬ݸĹ¹Ա㶼յһּ⣬ǻΪʲô컻صĴϢŻ˽Ҫ
û뵽չһȻһЩλȺķӡһЩЩԣϾⶫȥЩѵǴ֮ãһ˼ⶫȴǼΪϲ
ƹܵݸҲֳÿһΣǵ˲˵пܿգַ͢ǿȹһ
ЩطܻȺӰ죬ȻҲΣأӰι㷺ϾЩͳģڴ˴ְʱõģɶۼЩǵصĻȺģǾǽ
һЩΪЩȳ칫ŭˣ⸱ʱҲ᲻Ծػǲ¡
ϾŵľʵЩţֻ⸱
Щõİ취֮󣬱㵱Ͼİ취ȫȥÿһ٣ﳤ糤ҲҪȥȥ鿴ǼһЩǰɫĳѣֱӽۼһŻ˱ǡ
ЩũǱҲ֪ˣԭЩĻȳ沢ǴģǴӵﳤɣۼһž۷ġ
ǿЩѣһ޵ҧгݵģЩԭǿյףǸ
ЩԭЩϾϸÿһ鿴һһ󹤳̣˵ʵһĪֳֺõˡ
ڣ֪ЩŹֵΪΪȳ棬֮һ޲۾ĳȫոɾˣһ²źá
±ϾѶȺܴ󣬺һܻǻһЩ©֮ġˣЩѼϳĻˡ
Դ֪ѼмõЧ֮󣬺ܶ˼ҵѼӱ㶼һ޲ý赽ԼȥúõûȳаֿĻᡣ
һЩԭڵѼӵũϲáԼľ¶ˣڲѼһץЩѼӻܰǽȳ⣬ʵǸüһ󹦲ǡ
ЩѼҲȷʵԼãһ񶼼úܣһһı㽫һֻոճɲõĻȳ׳ȥеδ
δȺһĻȳ棬˵ûжԵģοЩ棬ЩС̯ըųԵĻȳ棬һЩδ׳棬ζȷʵȳϼ֣Ҳص⡣
֮⣬ũҲΪСģһСȺȳ棬һҲ򶨵ؽרſЩĻȳȫһ𣬻ſӽȫΧһȥճ
ЩȽϼ򵥣ױ֣˺ܶˣԼĶһȺʼɱЩСȺȳˡ
ҹʱȼСӦЩȳԣȫյһȥսЩȳȫһѻֱ˱ǡ
Щصײ֣ȴҪ㹻֣˸ٸŻõµĴӶӴ£￪ʼ˻ȳļ󣬶Ҫ㹻ǰȥæȫһ򾡣Ҫʲô⡣
һͨܿ죬ԭؿʼðͷĻȳ漣ȫƽϢȥһЩС͵ĻȳȺҲܿڵ˵ĺ£˳ˡ
𽥱֮ҲʼԶ׼ЦˣҲʶ㲻лȳΣˣҲܰջʳٵˡ
ɵķΧܿȾΧˣҲоʱصӱˣøˡ
ˣҲһЩ˻ʮĵؽԼ͵͵ץĻȳܻˣȻζΣҲûʲôζǶ˵Ҳ˵ʲôˣװԼҲ˵һ
±˷֮󣬺ܿȺСӾڴﱻüɹġ
˳ܾãЩȳ콵µĳͷҲЩùģĻȳǷʲôΣǲ׳Щȳġ
Ȼʲô֮꣬յĻǾˣϾԲˣ˭ܲܳԺòóԵⰡ
Ҳû뵽ЩƤһûסͱǴס῾˻ȳˣǲʡġ
ЩСһ֮󣬳ǻ۲˼죬ȷʵûʲôķӦȻѰʱһƤöų׷
ƺƵĲж֮󣬼ׯڳïʢֽȳʱеĿӿݣʲôʣʱܶũ˶ɵο͸ж֮飬Щˡ
ţһմ꣬ڿԹ꣬صʲô֣һӾͰԼеջȫɴʲôˡ
طݸĹԱҲʮ⣬ҲصģԼϵһʲô֣ӰԼˡ
֮󣬺ܿ㵽˷յļڣȥЩ߲ǣҲڳ˳ӣȴǰջ
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ܶ༫оĴ, ʵջ֮ǰѾܴ¹ƳһĴճжˡ
Щׯڵ, ʵҲѾ𾪹, ҲѾǰȻţȴʵľ
ڷյʱǻǲɵ, ʼŴԼջЩȣһһ, ֱջĻҪ֮ǿʼڴ, ٶ϶, ǲЩʳأ˰֮, ʣ²ء
ҪĻ, ص±⣬û㹻Ĵˡ
ܰѶĲȫȥ, Ҳܳһ
ȻҲһЩ˺ܿ뵽, ضˣôչۿ϶ߣͺܶ࣬ʵڲʲôҪ, ֻܶҪȫܹԱ, Ѿ㹻, Ҳһʱ֮벻ôࡣ
õǵӦЩصĴǰɣֻͷ, ܿͽ֮Ժ, ҲҪĵˡ
û, صũǾѾԼҼһճɳˣüճɼҪߣɶѵĵȶѷĳӿɵ
һЩ˻һ㣬⾰ɲţ˯ʱҲҪʱʱȥ鿴һΪֻһΡ
Щ˱ֱסˣ˯Ȼ紲ʵǰȣſеĸĲľϢʮоԼҲЦѹ
˻ܶ곤ˣ궼ǳԹӣģЩЩļʱģ֪ʳĿɹ󣬿ЩľʱҲɵû
ǵҲʳʹճٲãֻʮ֮һҲ㹻Ǽ˳һڷܻȥˣҲһʮˣڵģҲֻô˰ˡ
Լǲż˵ĵãͻôСȴδԹһαССģ۾ȴúܣǱģʱҲһٱ
ֿżСļȻвʲô֮ңҲܳϷպ˵ܶٶٳԱżԵõġ
ϧǼܵûĺø֣꼢ģֻתͨ˼ҵĺӰɣһӣǱܵóԸһαˡ
ηַȥʱδŵֻڼ¶㶼ʵĸгԣһճʵ˾ϲѣܶطٱͼΪעʳճɣͳСҲѹ£ʮѸٵؾͽݶ
˵ʵȻεжţ֪Ǳⷢĺö˵λĹʦóġ
ҲǾãⶫƽֺһЩٿܵȥأ˿˵˼ĻҲˣϾôŵǿⱲӶûء
ǿһ֣ȴʵʵڷˣǿճˣǻͷһؼĳټ˲֮Ҳһ׷Ŀп󣬿ģ
˿϶֮Щ֪֪һϲ⣬ص鷿ʼдˡ
ĺϢȻҪЩȥźãһѵõɵúúЩддԼ񣬹עддм´µ֣ղĺճɣȫ˱°϶Ϊʵ£һɷվ󰡡
ȻҲ˲˿伸λʦˣȻûۼԷӣǻǿңһ¶Է֮ˣĻȱȼкúôһ
Ҫϼ϶ΪԷбΪеУŻ·˼֮Ļ
蹦̵µĵûټڱøоõͬʱҲûдЩ
ۺϸһճʵǷǳȻΪͬûũϳһճôã˵ҲѾ˼Ϊϲˡ
ŵĵ붼ģ˼֮Ҳɵó˼ֻ֣ʵ㹻ˣԼɾƽƽĹغܻסԼġ
ҲûԼĳɹΪݣֿԼ˽˺һʱȥȻʦЩ̬Ҫеġ
ĺϢܿʹ˸ϾЩ־õ֤ݣЩ˲ţۼ֮Ҳòϣĵ֡
һЩİҲ˵Ϣܶ඼ŽɣǼЩ̽׻ĴǶ˵ԼҲɵòѵǱãʲô
˵Ҳõ˺ܶ˵ϿɣȻЩʳԼµģǾǾãԼֿ϶ʲô֮˵Ǵϴʲôӣ˳ԵĶأȻĻ˭ףΪʲôֲͬһճȴܸôأ
ܶ˶⿴Ųɣ֮ǰԭŵһЩʦĹ»ֿʼ˸ֲͬİ汾ֱҪѶԷһȫƵˡ
ңܶ˼вʦЩ˳λڼУֻŶԷܳþãһаá
ݲ̫ܶطʼЩϰףѾ֪ʳճɵĺϢˣϵͳĳɾֵҲ˺һأоֵԶˡ
ҲܲȻ˵ǿԵģԭ磬˭أʹִͨˣöʱҪõöɡ

һʳ֮󣬸صҲԣ࣬Щԭ׼ĵطأֻʱӽ
߹صһʳҲܿﱸ˹ȥҪ磬ⶼøڵľʿЩ󣬲ҲǺ£Ȼսռƣ˵ܴܿˡ
սǱĪģ˭֪᲻Ŵأ㹻ʳ˵ǰĵģٲõĻᱻסûʳˡ
ο˳͢ЩʮʽӪе˶ʮ־ӣⳡս۳ģһɱУǰͷ޲ܳʲôͣʱӹٽ㲻һջˡ
ƸȾΧˣҲöĵ˲ɵЩηȻһϳıʿһúܣֻһλµ˵ֵһᡣ
һȴ֮ǰǳͻĻսסˣЩһֱϵˣսģҲûЩϮĻҲֻЩȻźˣȴûʲôá
뵽ͻȻ죬һȥըĶأЧʵ̫ţһʼΪ콵ʲôɣҪͷǡ
ȻҲ֪ܿⶫʲô췢ŭҲʲô쾪ףɵӡοԼԺһʱ֮
ǱϾսŵĻҲûȴϾڶ˵ĵһָӣ޹˻ȥԼᱻ˳˵㸸ԼԼҲλԵˡ
л˵
? 93 
Ȼл, ǺϽҲΪֻƾЩ׾ٵЩһ
ⶫϮ, ˵Ǻܲ, ҲΪ⣬ոƳҲûãṩ, Ͼ֮⣬ͬҲһ⡣
, Ȼʮ־裬δ½, ЩȻǼɵ, ش˺üΣ˴˶Ӯ, Լ˻İ, ӮһЩ
ȻҲ, Ҫ˼, ⳡսӦÿԽˣϾԼ㹻ݱ֧ţв
ԷǱȻҲб޵, ʱǵĶ, ȴûܴʲôԣĳǳĻ, ô㵽ʱûֳܷʤٲʲԸ, ҲҪȥˡ
ֵĶȻҲ, Ҳǽ, ԭ˳¹ƽ֮׼¼ǵģ뵽ϳЩһһӦѸ٣λʢϽҲ˳ʵ⡣
˵ҲˣϾԼıǺŵģʹλҲǲһսġ
Լ߱ǿ׳һ֧ɶǿģôϳЩСˡ
뵽ЩҲ֪ΪΣͻȻôĻð˲ʵС
һԭռŵߣ·磬һƽǶù£ӪеıʿҲ𽥿ʼȴ֮ģЩȥȥˡ
ӪɫƣЩҲЩ־Щɢ֮ǳҲЩʱˣǴʳȴ࣬ȥûвǿɾҪسȥˡ
һͬǰľʦͼ¬ȥǵ͵ģЩɫ԰ףȥ̫ӡ
˿ӣҲʱʧܸ˼ĴܸУǰλӣǲԼȰôȥġ
Ͼӻ϶һμ̳ˣлмλֵ֧ӣôȥˣĸ˾˵֧¼̳λһȴȻᱻ˲𣬱ϾƳľЩսӢۣȫװȴĶӵİܾ֮
ˣ򲻵ѵʱλǲѡ񳷾ġ
ͼ¬ҲûпȰ˵Է˵ûʲôôǻпܱԹϡ
ˣһһؿʼΪԷıϾܴӮȻòˣ˭Ը뿪ء
ʦ˽λ
ʵҲ˵ԷǴǰҲδԽֹֻ֪ԷǰƽңҲ佫ңҲλĽŻĳλ󽫣С
ͼ¬˵ͷ֪
λϽǰҲսպգʱصӣȻҲܰλá
ˣǰǰ£Ҳøӽðա
˵ʱҲüклǶ˵سɵʵѰúܣʹԼҪ¶˳սԷҲϵʮСĽ
Ҳˣ̾ˣҲøڹһðͷˡ
ЩޣȴҲ޿κΣҪǸЩĽ죬ԭеǸؽСûиֻᡣ
ţǺãѲԼҪô޹
ԸôȥˣԼΪһʤأԼôྫǿʲôûܴ¾ͳȥ
Ҫϸ룬ûʲô취ܰѳ֮˶ǣȫ档
ԭΧǵģ·ɢΧǣƵĻᣬ뷨ܿ㱻ȥ
һߣ־˼ŸһʤһߣΪͽԽӽСĵĺϽȴǾΪǿ׼ȥǺ󷽣Էȫյ
ԭտʼʱԸҲΪԼȻ൱ۺʵʵڶԷģ浶ʵֵĻʤ
ҲԷδȫǾǿһȥƶúܣԼشģֻСԼĵϵӣĶǴʱģˮƽʵߣԼĶ
ȴͬˣԴԼ˾Ļú˶Էһ˶Էֵ֮ľӱ㲻ʮˡ
ңʱһֱֲ£㿴˭ֵܼʱãԼ߸ողŵµݲǱǿ׳ʳʱ
ԷЩʱĵҲ˴룬ȥĻҲֲ˶ˡ
Էܿʱһķˡ
ˣŶԷδ¶֮ǰԼΪǿѶԷȫջˣǸֲ
ûݣ˿϶᷽ңʱǻܶԷĺʱˡ
Ͻµˣ֧飬ҹɫŨʱ򣬷ֱ͵͵ȥҵǵȻȫո⡣
һ֧ͷıӺ壬ЩʱϽҲΪ⣬ȻŮʮֲԸһͬսǼ̳ԼļҵϹս֮󣬲ſ˵ԼǸʵʵڵˡ
ҲϽȷǺˣԭΪнͳ죬ǰ;λСȻܷԭ̹ͨ;游սԼҲȫս۽֮λСҲսϸĹְˡ
ܸɵļһҲ٣ûõһģ۾һʵȻҲô̶̵ʱҲɱ˲ٵУƾսʹԭСУξۿŻܼʵǿЩȡ
ôһ￴ȥҲôܴӣȻôˣ𵶽Ҳ˳ֵúܣҲʱҲںϽǰ¶ҪûʲôĻԺܿܳͷˡ
֧鸺Ľܿȥú׼ŽҹϮˡ
Ҳûţ˵ĺ֮ȻҪô˻ᣬһ仨ˮģһصжܳ׽Էɱˣٲ
ܿ죬ҹɫ٣֧ĽɽּУ־פصĺƹȥЩ˶ǾѡʺǱĺ֣ҲãѰҹǰ·һĿʮ㣬ƾһҹɫ˳Ǳ롣
־ĴӪҹֵѲӵʿǣز鿴ΧȻЩʵ϶Щ룬ɫҲΪȻûҹԭһֱسɲϳӣȻðյӪغ󷽣һѻ
ˣЩʧ˽ĵ£֧ܿ˳Ǳҹɫ£˺󷽵ļݵӪʴ
óЯŵĻӣԼһЩȼյĺͣ㵹棬һȼܿӵ˲һƬ𺣣һӾѲʿע⣬ǲɵøӪ
? 94 
⼸򶼱Ƚϸ, ޷꣬ԱȽϿƽ̹ĵ, һ֮, ͺѿٽ
ȻˣһЩص˻Ŭ뽫ƿסϾǵְ, ݳ⣬պҪġ
Ȼβ, ҲֻǱˮн޼¡˵ӪҲ, һЩ˸֪Ƿʲô¡
ܿ, Ǳʶ϶ǵзҹϮרջǵݵġ
, æĶҲɵջ, Ȼ뽫ֵļһȫϳúýѵһҲ˵ʱ, ֮ȽЩɶ͵Ϯץס˵
Ҫ, ԷͻȻϮЩէȻջݣпܴǰ͵Ϯɲ
ȻţǶлǾԲ, ϾǸһӾͱ, ֮ݵķ, ǲսˣû㹻ݲֻԼȥˡ
, ŭڽǰ͵Ϯǵ, һȥ߾Ȼ, Щܾȶپȶ٣ҪȽƿ˵ȻĻǷһãطӪҲǿǲˡ
һߣԼԴǰȥ׷ЩɵļһҪ֪ԼҲʲôصġ
֧СȻ˳񣬵ǷŻ֮󣬻죬һΧٵطЩ˻Ǻܿ챻˲ټ׷
һֽżΪؿʼظϣսˣʱʱֳһͷֻֻļһҸţأЩǰݡ
˵֮һһȥָܿԼĶǡ
ӷҵҹʮעĿټϳȷʵҵĺܣܶΧΪ׷˵ʱˣһŵظϵǵԴȴûзֶӵӰ
ǻŻļһעʱ򣬳һ񱼶ȥ
ϾȻһǺ֣ǾôЩ˵ǹƥӪ˳ȫ˱ѾˣĻôúЩӲӲء
ϼô׾ͱתעɫΪѿҲû˵ʲôֻϴǰϵĽǣȥ׷Щˡ
ͲţԼĵϣЩһȥ磬˳ѣҪֱжΣˡ
ЩܵоǣһּֽţԼһСģͰСˣòиĻᣬҪûˣǻʲô˼أ
׷ŵĵһֱ׷ᣬ汻ǵоŭˣһҪЩץסй߲ɡ
ǵĽųȻ죬˾ӪеļûãǻǱߵ־׷ˡ
ϾƵȲϺ߱ŭǻŭ־ǣЩ˼ߵ׷֮Ҳƣڱһߵĳꪣʼ˼
ȻʹЩǿҲôʮˣȲЩڶ࣬Χס־ǡ
ۼЩ˺ܿҪߣɱ²ʱ򣬲Զһض죬ΧҲʼŲԶΡ
һ̣Ǿ֪ˣЩЩϳӴģԶȥѹѹһƬʮ־˵ӣԹҲԿ϶Էٽаľȫ˳
ôʱЩΧסʮˣͷ֮˵Ĵ֮£׼ʱѰ˰ΧȦһ㣬һ͹ܿ˺һӣЩҲ׼ᣬȫϳӵķȥ
ôʱҪڳЩʱ˵ҪСˡ
ӼΣһʱ֮ҲЩûзӦû뵽Щ˾Ȼô󵨣ҹɫǰҹϮӪ󷽣ջݲ˵Ҫô˻ŴǰһӲ̣⻹֪Ǹسɽķ
ȻţҲܿ췴Ӧһξ룬ټΧıʿ׼úúͶԷһʤǸȫһˡ
Ӫ֮֮ǰһӣЩ˱Ͼо飬ܿ㶼ʼϹٵָж
ȻǲִӦԣЩ˵Ҳ㶼ܿ췴Ӧ˹ŵı˳Ŀ¶׹⣬ҹɫ¿Żмɷ֮С
ݣֱӿʼƴɱҫ֮£˵ĿòУֻ֪׼ЩԼ಻ͬļһֱȥǣ̸ʲôɡ
ͼ¬ͲʲôսʿǸıʿѣĳԭȰӲҪǰͷҲԷʱ򲢲Լģʿ䣬Ҳܹģֻܳ̾һΣҪԵôעĿˡ
ȴټ˷Ȼ֮ǰЩŭЩ˵ļһȻҹ͵ϮԼݶˣļһԽ֣ҪЩ˾ǲ˵¡
ǰͷˣǺϽԭسǽݣ˿ȥǸ彫ģսȴҲʧ䣬һ˳ˣüãһֱӴĳоԴʮ䡣
ս߶һĿģǸעСô̵ʱϵҲʢ˼֣ȥʮ㡣
ŵĲԼ߳ʹõĵһ࣬һ˿ȥΪѰĳ.ǹǹͷþɣ׺âţľƳɣʮ㣬Ѱ˵Щˣǰ˻ܽüΪףʹָһ˳
ŽյսҲʶ˽һսʤܹؼڣս֮Щ˱˵ǳ׵Ĵȥˡ
ȻܷŹᣬڽһս¹͡ߣ˵մ󲿷ֵжǱͷģǿһսʲôȻĻպ¾ͺĺʱˡ
ڲϵɱУ޺ܿɱһ·ܱߵһЩʿ䶼Щηƺ׺ҳ
ܶ˼⸱ӣԭӵҲˣС۾ļһ֮ǰζսУȻҲгͷǲؽ̽ԼλСֻһЩ
ԭδϣϾ˿ȥ׳أЩ
սۼѪһɱģ֮󣬺ܶ˱㲻پöԷˣϾֺηʵڱ䣬ﲻɵ÷
޺ܿ㽫һȦ˳ֲϵɱϾļһʵǸѲ鷳ܶ˶ע⵽Ű˵ĽŲסл῿
ȴô࣬򾲵ɱУǴӲƣһ㡣
־ߵĶͻȻð˼죬ٲȻ֮ǰʽڵΪԼˣЩѵصͶֻƵȥЩǰ֧Ԯ˶ȥġ
ⶫںҹ׼ͷǺܺãǼˣЧȻܲըȺ֮к󣬼ûбըˣܶҲ쾪סˣһ񣬱׾ʹɥ
ϳȴ죬˲Ϊе죬ӦҲΪѸ٣ܿЩ˻ûعֱǰһɶǵĹѫ
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Щĸ֮, ԭƵϳӣܿռϷ, սҲ
ͼ¬, ҲôȥսĵȻͬǺ, ǵϣȰӾ糷, ôȥʱ˵߶߲ˡ
ȻǲʲԸ, Ҳʲôִ, ֪ԼѾûʲôʤ, ܲʤ, ѾջݵǣûмʱʲĻ, ջҪ˵ġ
ֻܷߺ޵ؿǰȺһ, ʾĶ鿪ʼˣ֮˼״ҲʼܱߴϢսˡ
̽ΣȻԸŹ, Щһѵ, ߾ߵûʳ˾һ, 񻹴ЩĲҲʹ, һҪ, øһ̵Ľѵɡ
ҲЩ֪֮, ԼЩ˿ɲʲôǵģǿΥĴڡ
˵⣬ϳҲʼ׷Щ־ǣһʢ˼֣Ͼ֮ǰ֮ҲвٱǹƽǾ񣬶ЩҵʵûʲôӡлԺúýѵһȻǲԸŹġ
в׷ΪѸٵģǵޣһȣһ֧СӺǾ׼رѰ˶ӵӰԷ֮˵Ļ£ȥλЩǱ
ҧأǺѳԼյʧܣϾ֮ʱû뵽ʧܵѸ٣ܼ֮ͬȮһ㡣
޿ɲô࣬ޱسԷķһۣȻ˳ʰһǹ¹֮㳯ǱߺݺȥһӾʹ˶µս
ƥ˻һȻأϵĶҲݺˤ˵ϣһðǣͷҲĳһӡ
ߵ̴Ҳܿ췴Ӧһ͵ԼϣԴ׼ڻǳˡ
ŵҲ٣ʼͬЩɱԼǸЩܿɱһѪ·ֻ˶Ǹӿȫӣǹһ㽫˴֮£ֺܿ챻ϳסǱҵսϼţܿû˶
ôǸһȻں߽׷ᣬԼҲ޲㽫ˣһйͷ֮ޡ
״̬ȴʵ̫ҲֻܽϵѪһĨתͷ;ʦԼԼĵܵһͬȥ
ҲǸСһ⸱ԼҲһ̻ģû֮ǰӡ
ԼֳۼŶԷзһСǱӣЩ
ȴȻ׷ǣƺһҪԼסɣҲ˼ֻ֪̿ˣͲǿĸ׺ֳҪսˡ
ܿ죬ޱ׷ˣҪľӣϾԷΪصãȻҲôеľ飬ҪΪһơ
ֻһеһҲּģȥͬմȾ˲Ѫ
޿ǰ֮ˣܿɱ˶ԷǰΧЩֹˣǱǣסˣǱײ֮³鵶ˣһ֮С
ʱӿȥͲǸտʼǰɬģˣǸʮɷ񣬼վûκζҲС
ܿ죬˳˶ǰŶԷǱߺ޵ӣҲΪ˶Էһ̶Էϵı
ϱԷʮķ飬һʱ֮䶼ûսеıֻ䵽ϡ
ܿ췴Ӧִһ䵶ٶȴվûܱȵϵޣ޼״תֱԷ
ңŵЩʿҲܿǰĵˣʼΧ
һԵͼ¬ӼλػɣǹֱָԴһʱ޷ӣﰵ
˿ĿǰĴߵ׷Լ𽥸ʼϵһ¶ģʣ˼ˣӡ
ϱֻֻܼԼߵǰͼԼȳ֮±Ѿ˳Ƴˡ
вɵһɱ֮Уʱеһִȥĸо
ԭţʦгĻԼҲǵɴ۾ƲţǣǶͲ
ͼ¬Ҳֻһ߰Ҫģ׷󲿶Ҳ𽥸ˣʵǲܻͷȥȣֻгˡ
Ұһʱǲ֮ǵģʱȥ֮ǻ齫ص¡
Ҫȫˣǲû˰취ȫû뻹һԮĻᡣ
ȻСȴҲʲôµСȻ֪ⷬʵ˵ƭƭģſڣջû˵˻ȥԮĻ
ԭЩ굣ǵģҲ֪ΪһǷʲôһ
ҲֻǳĬŵ˵ͷһԡ
˼״ȻҲΪܵģǿǰֵĶҲץסˣסзĽˡ
ϧǣʣµǸʦͼ¬ǻˣû׷ϣ̽׷һξ룬εȫˡ
ʣµһСҲֻɥ֮ȮˣҪ˵ӵļֵһЩ˶Ҫö࣬Ҳ̫
س֮ʱȻҲ֪סӵǺСµĵޣСȴЩпԼˣȲˡ
ҶԷȥβǼΪ׳˶ӣֻ˵ȳƶѣȴһ󣬹ҲЩĶҪԼ
ҲֻôһˣϾۼöԷǰ;ҲǺһָܹ㣬˹ϵںϽǰ¶棬ܵطӵĹͣλȥܵϸְλСˡ
˵ҲǺһɣպӹٽҲ޿ܣôԸֵ£ɵƫԶĵطСء
Ȼ̵ܽԼܺͶԷãҲǼ£պ˵ԼҪؾǣҪһԷİء
ˣس̵·ϣͬ޽̸˼䣬֣ܵնʮ˵Ĺ޲ѡ
ʱֲ֮ǰĮӣһӱһ޺ļһһų̽ЦЦ䣬ȴʲôóѵͣȻڸࡣ
̽ȴô࣬ŹӵˣҲʲô¸ӡѾˣؼһʱ
ڴսйҲСɱʮ࣬Դǰȥ͵Ϯݵģպ۹ҲȻһʡ
Ȼǹ£ʵǰѶԷɸСͽܿģԷĹͣҲԼ棬ΪԺ
Լʶ飬һӾôһ츳СӵԼ£ĹԼҪۣȫԳƵʤˡ
ⷬҲһЩ˱˼Ҫǣִ֮ѹСˣҲˡ
ǣǴȣ˵ô˭֪ôء
ôģ֪ԼȴʵЩᣬҪԼֵҲܳôСӣǾͺˡ
صӪ֮Ѿ֪ϢĺϽȻҲǼΪϲԸȥҪúһ
֪ǶӱܣǱµǸСץסģеôȣϾЩĹ۲֮ҲˣСӵԼ涼ʮֳɫԼЩӻҪ㼸֡
Ȼ֮ڣСûôܹͳĶͣҲȷʵЩˡ
ⶼʲô⣬ΪһϽ֮ȻҲëźʵ񣬾úôĥһ
ĹȻǰ϶ģ˿ǸƷٰˣպǻһĻôԼҲܽ£Լ£غúĥĥ£Щ̤ʵߣҲʲô¡
ȴ֪ԷĴ㣬ЩҲȷмԷչˣͳҲܺã縸һ㣬СԵѵˣҲΥظо˼ů⡣
ӪһЩ缸ֵͬǣżҲȤ䣬˵Ĺֵͣ˵Ŀأպ϶ܳͷصģȥ֮϶кܶýġ
ȴԼ´󹦣Ҫڹٵ͵ʵƽЩȤ·𲢲Щֵó̵¡
˵ʱȴһʱ֮䲻֪뵽ʲô¶˼Ц⣬Ȼַ·ʶԼʧ̬Щصͷ
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ƽǴʤ, ӿϢҲܿ촫˾ǣĵȻҲϲѡ
һϳĸ, ȻϹ, ʲôǱȴǸһЩСС֣ᷳ
лܺúýѵԷһ, һʤԷһμ̳˵ĶҲץס, ʵɵĿ
ˣڴؾ֮, Ҳǽһڴսʿ, ˺һƷ佫ְ֮ȥ˲ʹ͡
ͬҲ۹, еҲͺһ, Ե˱ټ뿴Сʲôģ
Ȼȥһ۱֪, ϳ˵Ѫͳ, ȥѰв죬ǳʵҲûѪͳĹԱ¾һλƷ䣬һѴ, ƺǱ߾ĳСġ
, ĵ۶ĳʵҲǺ, Щ̫ϰ߰ˣ˵, һõŰˡ
, ֮, Ҳܴȵظ˶ԷһƷںϽ˼£
޶Ȼ꣬ʮ򶨵ּлĵۺ̫ҲΪ⡣
ȻᣬȴʵǸסģܵ÷ͣʧȷʵǸġ

ȻҲ֪Ϣ֪͵ڴսж˲СĹͣһ˷֮Ҳɵ÷ġ
ϾЩ˶ǺԼʶģЩϵģĳһͻȻ֪ôսûˣҲҪһ
ЩƽȻõˡ
ܿ죬Щ̷һʱգԭڹнһȺˣǰݼһ
Щ֮УΪļ⣬ʵûʲôӡ󣬵Ҳܴ¼ǵãƺ˼ˣԭȥʱԼжʮģҲֻʮˡ
һЩϻЩԵ˰̣ЩҲܿóӦвм
ɵ̾ϢһҲû˵ʲôֻǿһۣǴ
˵ǲ˴ ģôˡ
΢΢ҡҡͷ˵Щʲôֽ䣬ֲóЩ͵Щ˵ǰװŵĺȻǲǮͼ䱦
Щ㲻ʲôȨǻǵģǵˡ
ЩȥҲһᣬʱӿⷿóģȥǼֵǵĶȴǾʲôѰһ
ҲʦЩ֮ʵأЩ֮ȫһƽʱ벻ǵĴڸ
ˣҲЩȣϾǳĳǰݼͬʦټһģҲΪרġ
ɫؽЩ
ֽ˽߹һЩ˼ǰ֪ʦʵЩĸȤǴǰδЩԵʣöܽζ
Щµʱ򣬵żҲ伸䣬ýҲͶأѵó䣬һЩ֪룬ȥǷ͵ˡ
˵ʵȷʵýȵһˣԼʼʱ˻Щݣȥֻ˵۾èһϲԼ
һԷٲȻѾǸģˣҲ˲٣üҲˣȥΪµĻѪģȻдżսɷϢִЩУȥֲһֻèһֻıˣȻĬԣȴʱذһС
֮ɢ֣ƺֲ˼ҪԼһ
ʱ佥֮󣬺Ҳ˽յĻ⣬һ˹ˣڹʦԻŵʱȥЩп
ڹʦǶʱȷʵӡҲĸҫԼվԼ׷սɱģջǲڹʦߵġ
Ҳ˼һ¹ٷˣֿʼĽˣⲻ֪ԼҲԷǳĽ޲ԼҲһսֻΪͥԵʣȻһʵֵˡ
ȴûô̲࣬סͷ˵һֺۣܿջԼߡ
Լ˳˹ѫѳһְ͵٣ۼպĳɾͱȻͣʦҲ࿴ԼۣԼһ䣬֮ǰܵټõ͵ʱҪˡ
ֻǣӣȴѳԷˣһ뵽Ҳɵõ˼֣ʼ˼ţԼܲܵعʦأλͳϾǻʹеĽͳ죬Լıְġ
ǵ˵Լ뷨õ簵һɡ
Ϊڵ˴ƷپܰԼȥˣԼĹְȻʵʵô㶼ǱһЩġ
Ȼһ˲ܾܿ
ͳ㹻ˣʵȨ٣ĺͣαҪĹأ
ƺ˵ʲô̧ͷƺȻ񣬻ûܿ˵ʲô
ǣͻˡ
Ҳû˵ʲôȥˡ
ȴǿЩ⣬ЩǲɼõģҪȥߴЩȻɹʦĻˣôһ룬Ҳ࣬ԼҲǵ˿أԼλõ
ݵǸٶ۵ˣֻ֮󣬴󲿷˶̬Ȼ羴ηģദʱ仹õĺͳ죬ʵҲǶмηġ
ҲûȻ˶Լ˰Ľ֮顣
ǵģȻѾھˣҲǸʲôľͷ׮ӣҲ˼ϸ壬ܿе˼
ֵⷢЩԣϾͶԷĽӴʵܶ࣬Լ˵Ǻܸߵģкܶ·¾Ȼ˶˼ʵЩ˲
ѲΪԼȹһأ£ΪĳڵЧӦԭΪԼϲ
ôⶼǺܲصģ˵ͬʱɵˣһӦúֻܹܿȥˣҲӦģҲʲôֵġ
ã˼Լ֮󣬻ԼʲôĽ֮飬Ǳʲô羴֮飬ǻعġ
ң˻ϲĲԼԼϵͳԼʱظУһֶδ֪ĺģûЩ֮ΪԼҲǸͨ˶ѣԷ֪Լ飬̸ϲϲء
ҲúǱȻҪȥΪĳģֻͣĵطȴĹ鴦
ˣҲκһ˻ᣬЩΪԼʲôɽͺãôú˵ĶôʱЩеûأ
ʵĽ̫⣬ֻЩ֪ʦǷԼʶʲô
˼ȴδҪ˼˵ֻһֱļ䣬һԶᱻ֪ܰˡ
˵Ҳ̫Ц쿪ԼʵҲôõģϾʦ˲ȾԼҲȷʵ䲻϶Է
Ȼ˵˼ȴǼѲٿصģʹԼţĵȴᰵһЩ˼
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һ, лԼصĺӣҲ·֪ƣһʼ²ؽ
Ǳߵ֪˶ӱϢ֮, ԭزӣ˼, ǿţҪԼصĶ뾡취
Ϊһ, سƤ˲ʱ, ջǸۣͬ⽫˻ȥ, ֻǻûȵʽǩ, ˵λزΣѾȥ˵Ϣ
ֹһ, Ǻܿƽ, ĸԼλȻ²ȴδְͼ¬֧£λ
֮, ԭ, Ҳֻԭ˻ȥ, ǲǴ㷴ڣԸ⽫Լֳȥˡ
Ҫ, ǿɾҪʱ, ¿ʼ̸, ʱһ׮鷳¡
εƺûҪڵ˼ȻԭȫԼÿϹ٣ջǰѶӻ˻ȥ
ֻǲ֪ӵʱҪôԣԼ׵ܵܵԭԼλãʵأ
ҲҪĵģֻҪ˺úͻȥУԷ⣬ǻһֻǰȥͣս˰ȫ͵˲ԭ߾
ܿ죬Ǳ֪ӣûߵͥȾȥϢ
񲿵Щһ³˵ʲôεĺݰֱӾͰԼֳˣһ涼
ϧˣԭŰͻȥֵĿɳ𣬶һأڿû취ˡ
Ҳǲܽᣬһ֣߱治ģǸǱСӺģԼģҲҪ

Դһη֮󣬺ܶطҲʼţԼһֲʱҲܵõ͢Щ֣ʱҲֳôʳٵǳԲˡ
ԸҲܿõʵ֣ˣܶطҲʼ¼ˣ÷ֳʮ֮һأֲЩ޻
ܶȿʼֲĵطҲܿᵽ޻ĺôⶫıůЧʵ̫ˣһЩ¼Ҳׯ֯ҲʽĲϿʼ֯г¼СƳʽĳǵЧҲ˲١
¼ҲׯЩϣҲܵ˵׷ӲҶʱıůЧʵǲܶ˼ⶫҲôη庮ˡ
ⶫһӳǵƲƷׯҲ˳Ƴ˸ֲͬӣЩ㹻£רٹõĲϣȻҪʮ˻ϼµĹɣһЩΪ򵥣Ȼ㾫µӣ׵ö࣬Ҳܿõյ׷
¼Ҳׯ·һӾͿ˴ϱһ㣬ܿģչ˲٣ڸضܶҲΪʼ߳ţȥׯˡ
ϵط֮ʱѵͬҲ˳ֲɻЩףȻģȥЩŹ֣ѵصİպܿҲǶߵζˣֻƾǶߵĲǸе㡣
ȻԲߣЩӵģ취ĥɷɱʳʵζҲ
ѵһӾͿʼ˸ֲַͬҪ뾡취ǵĻöһЩȥʢһЩ
ٳԲߣҲܰЩȥܱߵĵؽȥǣͷϵһЩЩֳĶȥʳǲƥ֮Ķ
ԴԴϣͣȿԣҲʳ֮ѵذյҲһùҲ𽥳ˡ

һ꣬иʳ࣬ضЩ߲֣һЩܺõĵطʳ֮ճٲҲƽʱ˲٣ˡ
¼ҲׯҲ𽥿ȫйӦõϺòϣҲһЩۣµͨӡ
ӣһƥѣЩԼֵĵõ޻жůˣǮֲܹ󣬼ͨ˼ңҧҧҲȫڶﶼܴѣҲºˡ
֮ǰ˵ĳһ£ҲѾﱸ˴ˣ񺽴ҲѾˣϵһӦƷҲ׼ȫˣֻʣеԱǻûն
ȴû˼ٹעЩˣۿϵͳϵĻһ̲ͣţҲһ𽥿ҪӽеǸˡ
գע£Ǹչ黹ǺܿﵽǸ֣ϵͳҲʱĻ˽ɫը̻ϲģδϵͳѵûûܳš
ϲ񣡡
ȻֻСȸģŽݷȦȥԼҲͦ˷ܵġ
Ҵٶһ
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