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İ
ľŤ׷߱Ƶҵһңջ̻̲
ֱ༶Ҳ̲ס£֮ұʹܵǰǸҲӦøд飬ŹңҹϱòԻۣȫҵĴ
Ǻڷݾɫ䵭ؿңһЦŨŨɫ˵Ķʵһȫġ
˵ĶԣʾûдŤ׷ҲŹҡ
ʱұߵߴӦҪ
ӱÿҹµĹܶˣ˵û֡
˭뵽ĳʵ磬Ŀľ
ҵһӦǱʹľŵֿ޳
ѽȥɰ

֮ҵع죬Ȼı̬鷳
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Ӧأһţર
ϲҿ޵ÿɰ˵ģӡ
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ңɣܰҽ鷳أޣ
ľһһεȴƾϸֳܷһԼ½ҵ
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ľʫϸֳͲֹһҰЦ
ľȻҺᡸǡ
Ϊ̫·һָջbuffŮϲޣϲȣ
ܶ˽裬ֻиʵнɫĲŮעףװqwq
ֻиʣǳԭתԸͬܶ಻ͬͷŮĴֺܶ࣡Ҫԭ֭ԭζ룡
Ƭ߻̸ճ
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벻Ҫڱ̫̫ҵģҲҪ˵ģءлл࣡˿ܻɾqwqǸ
Ȱģĵ
׺͸ʵĽڵһ ؿqwq

ݱǩŮռ䡡ֲ
ؼ֣ǣ֯ʫ逸ǣľ
һ仰飺ңͬ
⣺Ҫȷ


1 
ӽҵУʼ༶ķΧͺܲԾ
˽ǰľͬѧһذ۵˦ڹһߺϵͬѧϣ˹ôĶҲõó֡
ҶӶú˵ҳԣǲңͷٴװڿӡ
ѾĽ
ȻֻֽֽͨͨϲݳƷľͬѧƫƫһۣ˫ġħȻ˿۾ͷһװҵӰӡ
ڵͫҵһĺƺѣħɫŨأɷ׵Ƥ̿ڵ鷢ȣг޹
㣬ȫ״֮ء˵
ԵĻĪҴӽŵĿʼð⣬ߵŮ˼ȫȻ糱ˮȥ΢޴Ƭ̣Цݵͷ߻Լλ
Ӱһֱڰ༶ǰţǣǰľͬѧתѧǰ༶ԺͻȻ׵ڵһţǡҵ
ǴʱҾͱĪԣҲԣǰ༶ѧҸȴҾܾͬѧĸ븻Զһ㡣
ˣһţЩﰵżֹͣ
ʱֻ˲òͬѧĵ׻أûԣҲľͬѧĴȻͷԼԼ飬ѧϰÿѧĴ򹤡
˭֪֪ûϣֻ˽һԸĵΪĵڶ죬ͷ˰༶ɱ¾
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漴ëȻϸ졣
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ٲźۼƿ


2 
˾֣ұϸϸ˸׳죬ȻһѶã˽ϴȥˡǰǱӣ˾ͱǡ
˵á
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ƣ߳ȥ
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վھſڵȴҪҵľԱƤžͿԭ˯
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3 
ľһɳϣ˵ӡ
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ֵһǣ¾òƺεӣѯϸڣѳýżٰҰɾ
ҵȻǴӦÿʱľ͵飬ŹһȦɢɢġ
ԶѸҡҴſֺñӣ˭˶ϲã¥²ԶһҳУվڻǰѡΣҵڼ׿⡣
Եһ˺Ȼڣ֯㴦𣿡
ָһȴҿȥ

˵ʲôѵʱҶҳֻǿľ
Ҿѹ¿־壬˳˵Ȼˡأ
͵͵ɤЦ˼ңҰڵˣ˵ܳһµĸء

ϧСӺˣ˵ҪǷֵһ飬ǲȥˣ
ⶼ˵ʲôʲôгһµĸ
ľҼָء
һùëȻһ־⼸˾Ƿˡ
ȫȻҵĻظԹ˵ȥ³ĶҺĳ񲻾֤ǸҲǣôϲ㣬ǰ治Ǽֵͦõôͻϲϸˣ㣡
󼸾һЩҵע⵽ߡ
ңô͹ˡ
㲻֪һͶŮע⣬Ҳֻ㣬ֻ֯ת鼤ذסҼұͨһץۡ
ôϲˣôҪȥһƫƫ㣡Ҫȥ㣡⼸չúܲã㲣꣬ɫ۵ףۿɼ˺ܶ࣬ۺļĶ£ϧÿ˶ףãϲ㣬ãΪʲôǡ
û˵꣬һȭڵء
ڵ䶯Ƭ̣Ȼ󳹵ײ
µѵ飺ֻˣȰѹȥ֯㡭
Ҫһȥȴ¶һ˺͸ദľģ
ȿڣлл
ֻüеѹ뿪Ҳ²ٻҲȥľ
ˣֲרűҵľԱץ˻ȥͲˣġ
Ҵ߻ȥ¥ӵ֣ȡ¶ñ¥ݼĻ
ôͲ֪ľˡЦذɣһ˵ľϲңûʵˡ
ģľԸҲӦҵǿ̾ʧȥȤ˲Ŷԡ
һķ¡
ʶľı̬ҿɲ̲ˮֻ󵥴Ѱȴȫ˽ͺãڸԽԽá
ǡ
Կ׷طŽ׶ڣֶ̧ۣѾҳƬ̡
ʲôµĸ
ļڣȻһְֻסҵֹͣ˿ŵĶ̧ͷ
һո°ɫµľЦ׿ң¥ƺ΢΢ҳԾʹԿ״ӿ׶뿪
ҸҪ֣ľʱſûҵļʹѹ
ɻľˣ
·
ľ̬Ȼ԰̫ˡ
㲻ǳԹ㡭
˵Щĵʫ˾Ա΢΢ü۵ģ˼ΪԼĵ׵䱦ľָҵļ򣬡˭ץ˰ɣۣȥҽԺ
ոץҵȷۣʣ¾ǡ
ʫľζ΢˫Щ޹ص˵ıһˡ˵Ⱥﶼ챻ץˣʣһǱӣʱ䳤˾Ҳʦڵ㣬û˻ᱣˡ
ϻ֪ҪȻΪʲô˵鰡
ҳĬ룬ֻʵ¾˵û
˵˰ǰͲ°ࡣ
ҷֲû˵ѣҸպҪʡ
οпΪľҪɱҵľԱھȻľҵİȫи󡭡Ӧ˵ǹԮŬ
ѾǣľΧԶԶɱңȻ˻籧ľѰ󱣻
˵¥ûߴ·ߵ̻ߵСҽԺ
ҿľϸ֬Ƶĺ󾱣ԥ£ɵؿڣ˵ңʲô𣿡
ľȻֹͣŲһԸײȥ
ʹ
תԵӰӰ´£Ц㲻𣿡
ʲô˼
ֲԤУԽԽ£ڿתǡڡ
ڣͻúúõǷˣӵĻ˭š
ң
̬㡣
ľ˳ɹƵõЦ
ҿ޹˼ɣӡĳЦ⣬ĺƣұ˼ʽûôֻľҺܺҲźҡ
⸱İ̩ıֵȷԸһյİȫУܸҸ㲻ôľŸС
ʶ֣ûļǾסӣ᲻ᡭһ뺦вУ㲻Ķ԰ɣ
˵ָˣҶ֪ΪʲôôᣬʵԱ̬Ϊˣ΢΢θеľͬѧǰȫƲסĵľᡣ
Ҽſǻ㲻Ķ԰ɣ
ľĬһӣҵ˫ɫĿһգգϡ
һ̣ĺֳɵҵĲκ顢һһеøеŮ
գ΢ɲ̾˿
ûλθҳŵֻ⧲ظҵգӴ۽ǣˮȫɴĩ۽ǹ˹뿪Źƻζ

һ£ֱӱϣ˲䲻ˣúܽ
ľ΢䣬ոһ˲ĸ¶ڣϰԵĶૣȥҽԺ㣬ġ
ÿʫ֪˻ۺ۵ġ㿴Ҿôע㣬ȥһ˾ͱ˵ǿ˭˵㣿
˵˵ţ¶ʵж˵ҵ˵ĶԹޡ
ʲôû˵Ӳ˲ҵ
ּ̧ʹֻ÷¡
ô򰡣
û취ԹľϲɾͷȻֹжϵʮͻأ
ϵĲȫľ粿ֵûֹվֱȫˣʲôȫȻ׵ȥſ޹ɤƵģԺңӿ֪֪
ľҼۣƿߣ߻ָƽ
֪˭֪
ˣ㣡


4 
ҽԺҽϣ˵ץ˲ҩͺãڵİɫԼڷյİɫͿҩ
ľûг֮ʱе˻ΪԴòħһħеģֻ̲ס࿴һ۶ѣֻҪľʵܼٺܶ鷳
ôܲȻֻСƵöԷΪĸһУûмֵ߿ȫûκμӴ̸
ƾ˾ͿԿжôǿbugһ㡣
ڴȴûôںİ˵һ·ҽԺƵƵ̾͵ͳеıӰŵҲ徻û¡
ʫϳγǡôŴԵ̲סϸϸƷζͿҩ෽㡣
Ƭ̣Ůٸ˵ɡ
ҼͨһƬָ۵ԣҲ̶á
ҩͿںɫȣɫǳ٣Ҵ·ȥ
ľڷǽϹŵĹ˿ͽ飬һ֧ҲһҵڿУˢˢд˼ʡ
ɻսһ
[ȫǲӦôڵĶϿȫ]
ң
ĺȡ԰
˭Ĳż˰ɡ
漴ԼƴӵͬͬѧĬһ롣
ŪˣǿȥæڣŪʲô۶ӣš
顣
ٹš
ôˣľϸϸҼֵۣͷдʲô
û˼ٿ亹˲ӱ߲ҡҺ񿴵ʦˡǼɭʦ
ǱӵһˣҾͿһۣվȾͷһζ
Һϣҿˣ۰Ͱľ
𣿡ľɿʣÿ·ų˼롣
ȫ̽ǺźľʲôǱΣգü˿Į
ȷʵ˵
ɵˣǵȱ
ţȷشĻЩĲɣҲںԼͳֻ¾ٷϢ
Һôĺ롣
ľȻӦȻקסҵü˭Ķţ
ɡ¾ٰ

ʲô㣿
괹ϵϸϸɨһȦҶòˣŵƿٴŷ졣
ڳ۾͸⣬裬һء
Ϊھļɭʦ˭֪ͻȻ˵Ǽһ˻죬һйƢ㿴ϵ𡣡
˵ʲô
ûʲôֻǸ˶ˡ
²ۣ𡣡
ĬƬ̣ľŤͷһЦɲǼ仨ģ¶ƴӺȻˣôÿû˱Ҹʲô¶ȷġ
¶ֹı顣
ʱһľСʱ֣ˣǵġûбõˡ
̫СһľûпڣǴϴ
ҿȥʱֻŨɫķ
ľüһ룬Ծ㤵˵ȳȥ
ȡֹٶȱرա
ֻԭؽȴ
ոաʲô

ɫµľͷĵȡ
ľżʱԶסԴü
ƫƫʱ򡭡ǸµĴΪʲôҪʫĻС
Ҹ·˶ţԭʫǸƷ϶֪״ӦþڸϹ·ϡ
ƫƫʱ򣡺òҪȥ
ٵĵطء
ҽԺԺ̲ݴдУϡ١
ȥʱײѰҸļɭ
ɭȣҵ˸˵𵽴ҶӦ˸Щ㿴
ſڴﰺС
ľԹۡ
ǰɭǲָԼҵĲ԰ӦȥŴɭˮĹߵڵأȲһЩδȫȰƤƵӡ
Ƴһۣһǡ
ҶˣҪʳҲҪƯ·Щ㶼㣡㣡ȫھҪң
ááÿ־˻ȷڲ鲻ԽشӦ߸ϵҪ
͹ͬʱֽСĿռӳһӦҪһ־ߡ
ֱһҹˣһɫĳҲһ˿ֻںܵ˽һ̬ɫʵĳһ
󳹵ߣ֪١
ɭѰңҵҽԺ
ÿľļ䶼ǹġ
ɫµľûҲûȤҼɭĸļ䣬ֻҪ֪Ѿƻ͹ˣҽ
ĺ٣һԴƺҪĺƳһૡ
ľͷ߶ɫرϸ΢ʫ֣ȼյĶ⳹յǣľֱŭ𣺡㰡ҽ
ɭûŶ˵ʲôԽԽԽԽԴľŭغУҲˣʶľá
죡
ľŻæҹߵļɭĿͷϵڶ񶾵綾֭㡭㱻ˡ
Լ״Ҳüɭ
˽׵ˣȻΪ˿ǣκοľĿ˶ʵذһˣΪһֻԼΪȴķˡ
⿴º͵Ҳĺɫ̶
ľڵżɭͳĹߣ³ĵ۾ȴĺŽǽϵĳһȴƺ͸ĸ䡣
Ƭ̶͵ȥɴ
ѰشڷҽʣǿЦ˵Լ̫ʹϢƬ̡
Ӧˡ
ҵһľ
ȴʼš
ŶءľվǰҪš
ҶȻϵ·ɵˣ㲻ȥ˸·ɣ
һǻһף򵥵ݵĵףΪỻµġ
ľɫ֪ΪŤһ룬ҿ֮ǰָֻ԰ʲôģƷζ
ˣҵͦϲµġ
ľԱ⣺ˣˣǸɭҲץǿȥ
Ǿͺã˲俪˲٣Ҳʹˣȥ
ľ߱˵ã԰ΪɭȻҽԺԺɱˣץסء
һֱߵֵģƺи˱ͽʱѾʧȥ˺ʧܣļˡ
ôҽԺԺɱˡ
̫ȫ
ᰡҲˣÿ¡
۵˽Һȥϵ˱ס˰ײûϴɾһײð̵ĺڶܸպͣǲԶ
ľϾؿţµص䣺󡣡
ԶԵصһۡ
İҲŹ
Ҫ뿪ͻȻײµֶ˶ʴѪ뿪ײҵķ
ҪקסƣḯʴϡܿЩ΢İɫ
ұסһ£ײľסҵֱûû˼עⱳ͵壬ΡΡ˵û
عⷵհɡľ赭д
𣿣
ϸһһˣ͸
Ҳǣмİײݵģܲҵ״ôܻȥ
ܱܿߣ֪Ҳļָô
ҿʱеˣ㵣ʧڹ䴦Ҳڳط
ľЩסҵǱߣƼҾδȴ΢ȫǿ⣺룬šҡþǵĵưɡ
ˣ
Щ˾ͰѡҡƳȥҪ
˰ɣ
ûУľ粻Ը㶨һƢƵķ񣬡ҾЩƷҸж̬ǲϲӦңҲӦװĵӣҪȻʫˣһƣ׼Ǹϲӣһ
ľੲݡ
ڷʲô谡
ȵȡ
ұѿһ롣
ǲǸˣ
ľؼ٣ȡֵ£ҳƬ̶̣µĿ롣
ҪһװûӰɡ
Ӳǻϲ˵ģһӦҡ
ľУܻѧУһﻹ棬ĶؽԺ
ҹȻװûӰɣ


5 
پԭֵסһԱϰ壬ǰӰӵҹ·ƵĻ谵Ȧ²صسȥ
ʱĽֵڰտľ䡣
·һұɫķʱŲӿһЩ
ǲϲ򽻵Ҳһİԡ
ס壬˵Ƕӱץһ˱Ը̱֮ĻӭҲǸӣö棬ټҰǨ𴦡
Ȼǽλ߽Ժˡ
֪ǲǴپ̤ӵΧǽ⣬Ȼһϸ΢ǽ
ҡҡ
ƺͯ
˹ˡ
پ߹ûܡ
˼죬پڹ˾Žƽʱ·ҽԺɱ¼Щ⣬ǰ·ٴδӱؾ֮·ļ߹ʱǽִ
ʱ䣬ַھӶڼֵֻһˡ
ˬ
𣿡ҡܡ
ָǽڷ϶Ĵ̹졣
پĿ־壬ȴͣ˽ŲƬ̣ҵΧǽƤЬⲻԾķλƶ
̫ˡȥôҲáһǱס޹أ
پڣ˭ô
һ٣漴Ͱ͵ؿҽиǱġƭ˵Ϸõѣ˭֪ƭҵģҹһ˶֪ڻ谵ĵҡ
뿪Ҳӳˣû취ˡҡ
һ֮ʣپȴʶΡ
ֲáֲһôͰֲ屻ץ˵Ǿ񲡣Դһ޹ѣǾʲô
ȵȰ㣡
š㡭ૣһҪȥѧУء
ҺľҽԺȥ֮󣬷һ࣬˿ɱۼ
¾Ҳ뿪õӡ
ƣ۵ɻɳѪ
ľκ綫Լ˼ûһһ֪־ġ
Ӧʱ䡣
ľķϾ͸
ϳʲô㣿
ľ־ʳһҳҿ
һݳ꣬һ־ͼ˵ģһº̺ĵǮ˴ء
˭ȥ˭ԩͷ
ù־ϸһ
۸ҲҰѰɣ
ңûǮ
ľ⣺ҵĿҲˡ
ˣⲻǴ𣿣
һһǮҶżǵȥн
Ҫ˵Ķˣľ˹ؼ־˼ͦÿġ
սһ˵ĸë¡
ң
ңôȥôĵطûǮҲûС
ȥ˾֪ˡ
ң
һʲôթƭֶΣǮķǰѹϴӡ
У·˼ˣˡľؿԼϵס
һǵë¾ϲɵ㡣
޷硣
Ŷ

ͷǱŹˣʵܺľ˵İ취ʲô
Ǽҵûôߴϣҵڲƽֻ࣬ǵװ޵ʮ־»ʳҲС٣۸ȴۡ
ΧϰҲֵľۻᣬһ˴ӹԵġ

ľһ˾ע⣬ֱҲƮĿ⡣
ԶҪķԱִ֮ķһ̷ŮǰλӱЦҪʲô
ľҶ棬޳ָڲ˵˵㣺ʫ
ң
аɣܹ鲻͡
ȴڼ䣬ԱһǸֵĳ˵ŮͰһλ£ⷢЦҲ԰ǿϵˣ
Ȼ˵ǡǡֻľĸҲһĴڨζλεġ
ĬĬҵĴڸҧˮ֭ܡ
ľûһƺڹ۲ҵĶĿͣҴߵܴһ
Ҳźۼصһۡ
ñע⵽Ұ
ľӦˣһλȾ۷ŮҲڣÿʣҲǿϵӣûôã
ֻ
ҸеⳡͼǰұϼңԱ߼Цİʱһġ
ʱѾȫչеֱӹľԱߣľλñȫռ졣
иŮ߽ˮ¥̨İֻԶ벻ɵϲ˿˿ܡ
һû˵˭֪ԭ߸ĴǵľҷӦһ˫ŮˣĿǵ׼

ע⵽ƵģڨЦֺ޵̽ľʲôϵ
ľû˵½
ֻӲͷƤظͬͬѧ
Ŷ
ľһۣͻȻˣʼ綾֭һġ
һǿյ¶̫ͣһǾüЦһ˵Ⱦ۷ʺ
ҶᣬʵϱȡһЦĽˡ
ֱ۾۾ϲãɣԵˡ
Уð㣡ˣҲŶԡ
۷Ů룬ⳡۻģҲһ
˾˭ľ˳䷹ģҼ״Ŀɿڴ
ȷպϲĿζҳԵ鸴ӡ
ʱֿʼľѾһȻվ𣬼žȵģһҵĶñʱһЦ߰
Цڹ⣬þĶǡ
Ҹȥ
ߵҵҲŷӦȵȣǾˣ
ҪȻء
ҲúͶԷ˵лл
ľ˵ΪʲôһǮĻҲ˶еģǶ˵ϲˣ㶼Ҳ̫ûˡ
һ侫µĶ񻨻߸߰èľ̷ĻᶼĴ
µǣҲôΪ
Ҵ𺳡
гܵԺߵУҽȥ緹Ρ
ʱ׷ȼֿȣһľľȵȣ
ľνƳһۣ˵Ƚȥɡ
áҿǼ˶ҵļʿµ߾˵ûţæС
ѡεʱľҲš
[ȥǰ̵·]
ң
ǰ̵꣬Ҽǵã
˻ǮɣӦǡ
Ǽ˵ĿѾӿʼĶ˵;ޱһЩǶ񡭡ǸԱһ
ҿʼеԥΣȥ
̵ſڣ͸͸ĲõľȻָӼת
˿Լ˼ҡ
ȴûлҸţľظصʱͻ
ˡ
ҵһľķʽ˵ǳϰߡ
⸱ģκζøеˣҪեɶԷһŰݡ
һеԵɶľ̰ͼܡ
ǣûǱΣҶ°һƮƮģϰ
벻ȻҾͷˣԼϴϴ˯ɡ
ϵƵһɲǣԺ˸Ǽ𽥻̰Ŀ⣬ǰ༶ЩԸʹͬġԴ޷Կء
ľһʮԴˣħȴʹó˳
ʹľݣҲ׻˵İ⡣
Ķ
ľͼɱ뷨
Ҳ޷⣬Ȼڿ˵ǾͺúõݻʰȻҪɱ
ȥȫǵĴ
˲뵽Լãڱ̶ʱԥûмֵĶʹԷ˼ȵĺ⡣
ôˣ٣裬Ӳᰮˣѻƪ˵һϲ·ߵĹ˵һһ⣡
Һ㣡Һ㣡
ûбЦӯӯһˣ޷õļյκ˵ǡ
˵һľÿһĸЧӰΧˡ
ӲᷴʡжǱ˵Ĵ
ôѪ
ȫǵĴ
һ˵һǴ
СˣˣݻֵĴʶ䡣
ͬģõĴܱ硣
׹а
ʵѳԡ
˱ָʹתΪ˭ɸִ࣬ŭĿԲɣžмֿ¡

һҹȥ
һžıڣոűƿ
һ·ĸۡ
˶ӣĲһδɾѪб¶Ѫѿڡ
Ǻܿ죬ѿҷϣ±ù⻬·ûб˹
ӦúǰһݣͶһ»ȡ˵ϲȻԼø߸ϡ
Щʱ򣬶µò֡氮ʱֺܻᰴԼݳްָʹˣ⡢Ȳģȴɱ⡣
κ˶ĴȣȴûϸϸĴ
κ˶˺촽ȴûǹ
ȻˣΪԼģ˲䣬ɱǰȫ̶ʲôʲôȻû˸ȥ
˵ͷιǸ΢һȴǻ¹ƤĴС
ȣϸ壬ʪᣬϸ΢Ĳ
ıԼΪʽ
һֱͣͬһط
һκӦûݻ߻ƫƫڻһֱʫͬѧݡ
Ϊʫһֱߵˣıǰ죬ȫΪƽϢ˶ļʣÿŪ˵ĽҲȼӿ졣
ֵǣҲЩ鷳
죬ǰǰϰʽĹ켣еİ
ȻЩᷳˡ
ľ˸Ƿһ̴де֡
ķ쳹
Ǳجξѵġ
˿ȵͰ༶ͬѧغϣһҵٻ
ʱѾ΢΢ʹУڵˡ
ϴһʱľϢ
ûظ
绰Ҳûظ
ɣ
ëȻĿ⣬һļƤ
Ҽе֪׷ʲôȴͷӬƵĲ֪Ӻ֡
һһľô죿ҾͼϵˣʵӰµòС
û£û¡ҰοԼ
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ش˸ԼƵģѵЬŽ̤롣
ڷһˡ
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ԣҺֱʲôֲʲôܻ顣
ʵڵİȫ
ϾľǰƣǸ˶Ҫעһ¶Է⡣
ңҲܺ°ǿҵĺܿ£
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֪ľΪҵǰֻͣ£ͷҶӡ
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ľһ̬ҿʼѧУֿ
صǰҺûнƽȵ״̬
ԿȥѧУɡ
ڴʣҷסܲһֱҼסɣ
ľȴĶüͷϣѪζ
ǼҶᣬϸϸһ⡣

£ҪƿΪͷ¶ĺмʺѪ飬ҵעԼĶ˼¡

ĹѾֻСƵĹ£һ·ŵҵ˫ʮȻקסҵģ͵弸Ҫ

һʱ߶ʶýߣߵõֻԶңŵȴԭء
̧ͷңǡôı顢ƤԵˮСһһ٣ûѪҪң
ľҼۣͻȻͨһվ·ĻҳƼѩϵЬӡһ¡
Ĵֲҵġ
ľȻɳϿӡ
ұϥǣǰһŶӵĲʹë̺Ϣ
˯żȴһԵľںЦҡ
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ҵһۣ˵Ҫ˯ˣ
治˵ˣֻźεһֱؿš
Ŀ⣬ںú˯һ
ǡľ鷳һˡ


6 
ķڣʫë̺Ѿɳ˯
ڷصӣֱ˸ϸһ
ľȻתȥֳǹһŵë̺Աϣɳ΢΢ȥ˯߾뿴һ
ӭ΢⣬ƤϸСɰë֣ͷҲǴڣǿɫһ¶¾ͱɫ
°ȫݽë̺ߵͷβë̺ԹһȰԲ
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ľվŵĽŲڵذϢ
ÿһľ乲ľʱʱ̶̿ڿľļ䣬һ޴ͼݣȥĸӲںԼķʲôӣ
ԲŵȵһľʫҽԺˣ·ʱ֪ѰҵǱ鷭ʱϵ
ҲݴãĿǰǰѳĸǣԶûнĸ֪ʫǡɳɫȮУһһظЩʱ⣬ںġǡȻ÷֪ʫĸ䣬ԡǡǡǡܵĳԡظž
ľֻʫֻµ壬ѳĸѾܶˡ
뱻ЩʫһһѪĽûеƷ֪
Ҷһ㡪գյʧɱ塣
żͨ˷ָܣоʣҲ֪㣬ټϸڲĳںģֽȿһϡ
˶ֵþ£ܹ޹ǵ޷ѣֻӲһϢ
Ȼǰ岻Ϸٷѣٶ࣬ǶĬûкΪ޹صĸ沢κνЩѵ˶棬鷳
һ£ֶһ¡
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ԺжԴ˸ֵֻһͷҵˮѰ
ԷԺ룬סҼҾͺ鷳
վë̺ãŸ̤һЬ׾Ͳȵһⶪס
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ľһֱڴأұ۾˵˯ˡ
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ľһգգضҿ
ԭ뺬ȥҲεʲôˣҲҹ붫ģһβƽӣð־⡣
ңȥѧУˣҪ롣
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ңһ׷߶ô죿Һ¡
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Ҳ֪˵ȫΥϰߵ£֪ǰֻȡĹӲᱣʲôôϲ
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꿴˰ΣĪǰҲʮǰһŮ˻Ƥʱ
ˣѪȻȵġ
ûʲôֻŮ˲⣬Դÿһ˺һ
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׼ô˵ңҲģġ
Ѫȵġ
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7 
ȥѧУǰգһ¡
ʱľţһžһ죬Ҳ⣬ճԺȸϰǰĿγ̡
ǰֵٲһľǸľûô׸ı䣬ҲûôջԼ̰
ֻʱ˻һˣرһϸһֳţȷһԭغúõģԼȥʳȥˡ
ƺ㡾ְأʲôġ˵ⱣʽҲ̫˰ι
ҵһ첻Ϥķһε绰绰Ѿͣʱڵǵ绰ˡ
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ֱһϣȥڶͣ¥ʱ´Ϥ죬Ӷ¥λõ˴̽ͷһľںһѼñִ
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[ҹԱˮסʧˮأҽԺϣҪ»عյ·ʮѡ]
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塭ۣ
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˿ޱȰݣݲȣҵľٶЦЦڵǰǧҶص׮˲¼֯С㵣ĵĻָһεĵص㣬ǿһ𣿡
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ͨͨѵĿĺա
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ٺܿ죬Լڹ۲ҵķӦܰʱǸҵ̶С
ԭǺܺõѡһҲ󷽵ŮϲмˣļʣҷĴʼɣ˺ϻｫܺ˻ݣˣӲиݵܺ˵
ŮѲ֪Ϊ˰飬ʹܺ˵һֱû˷֣;ǶԹִ˫˫ֻʣһˣڽ˾Ժơ˵΢΢̾˿ʵ˵ļĸΪ¸ء
ǰòԼǲ⣬ǶΰҲ벻֪¡
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ΪڵļسƵûУֻҪϰװһһ·ʡ
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ǡľ𣿲ȷĺܶడһ˵žžવŬûͷ
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˵ҪҳȥֹĻֹ˻ܻܺ߼һʮԼĵʶܵʱȴԮĻᶼûС
ڶ죬ľȻûٻſһ۾ߵΪûС
ֿһרŻѾȥΪֽձ߿ޣ߶һ·ߣԺͶ̥
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ҿǻ⣬ľ𺣣ĬĬذѻˡ
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Һһţûע⵽ңȫھֵ̾
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ľƺźۼƳһŵɫ԰׵ңûҴתͷ˱Ǣ˵˼䣬˵һš
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ĿʦҵĲʣȥҽҼһ¡
һججȥҽҡ
ϣһ˴Ӻҵļ򣺡ʫ
ŤͷľҲţЦضҼ룺þò
ľҼץסֱۣ㱻ſޣڼҪһĽͰοҵ飬ƵĽ齲
ʫ˵ģ˸Ұľȫ񣬰ĿϷ·ֻڹۿҿּеģЦЦԼôÿҺǳгԺͷֿˡ
Ŷͦġ˽̽նӾͺԡ
˽̽ңľ۾ǰЦưҲǸܵļһһ޳ɰ
Ϥ춾
ġ
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ɣ°༶ľҲָǰģܿ²ģġġģÿ˶ǿҵӦ
ںųΪ͸ˣҵеļְǰһ˼ƽ
ֱһ죬ҳΧûˣսǸԲľҰҼҵ·ˡ
ʲô·ˡľûңȻ߸ϵģ
оǻصǼ༶¼֮ǰĶҵ״̬ľ˵粻Ҳͦ
ң˵ʵҶľ鶼ֽʱкˡ
Ŷһؽҡ
Ƭ֮ľȴһܻӣһϵĶһѽ͸ʳˤڵϣݺݵز˼ţʢŭ֮¾Ȼˡ
ʲôҲң


8 
ҽԺҹ
ϸҰҽǶŴĲ
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УϸҰҽپ춼˵
ùܣû£Ű״ӵ˰漴ųȵЦپķ䡣
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Ҫ뿪ҡ
ϸҰվߣپҲ޷ӦԼأ߶
ϸҰ̾˿βƼһЩǲѵ˵ȥپ˵ҵλ
پ˫۷ֱϸҰĻš
ܴе֪ƬϢپһ˵ļһ̷꣬һ꣬һҹͶ̼þʧͷҲԼٲȻҪͬھ
ڱذϵˣ˫ͫſûͷȻûԴпûô˫ַǽäһվۡ۰
ǻﴫ
Ǿĳ档پƴܣȴƴ½һҲ޷ֻԭ۾һգգطƵĹۿ

˫ֺҴˤˣίĺһԹʹʹپûõĶУ
壬ؿţĺɫѾֹͣ£ڿðµѪ⡣
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˱ջٵġѧУ棬ڸʫﵣĵ飬ȫȻپ顣
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Ӫҵ΢Цһһɨ롣
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ڻ谵޺£ޱľȻС
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9 
ͬѧ³ӽ㳢
ϣŮɫ죬СݰʳڷںڷĿϡ
ͬѧûϢãСһͬѧǡ
ϿΣʦʱſϹȻ˯ĺڷûָѹð˼飬γ˰衣
ΧҲûС޷ĿΣֱעŵһŵıӰ
ϰΪó飬һʼûʦΣѧ
ѧںڶǸϰˣνǸӪİΧʺԼʽѧϰרעڸһ˵ʦῴ㡣
Ǹʢ
ѧУҺľѵҴߣ׷ǰ֣ľĸǰռǿңͼ˽ľ˵˻ȥȫ˳ġ
֯ôμ䣬ƳչʾƬ
ѧУıһòԽ飬üôôΰĳࡣ
ңôˣ
԰ɡΪһͨͥĺӣȴʱͬѧеĴҲоζ
ȻˣѧУﻹ׬ǮԼݳƷĽ顣
׬Ǯ·ңҪ𣿻Ҫ˭ƬҰ͵ģԺÿʱҾ֪
ҡͷܾˣлл
ðɡͷŪԼ
תͷԼ飬ֻǶϸ΢һͷһԲĺɫͷʵĹ׼ң﷭˷ɹ
֯˵ǰ׷һܶɡ
С
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һ޴ȫ˵עȥκĶԱ¶Ȼʧɫ
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ԴӸ˰༶ԺϲŮҲΧŸתһ¿ΧƴӵҲͬ뵽Ǳߣôס
룬ð
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Ҳ͸ͬѧᲢֻۣŸ׵Ůǣְ֮ɣ
Ƕʲôѵûе
Ⱥ˾Ȼ¶Ȼı飺Ȼˣһǻ롣
԰԰ͺܸ߰
ʹһʹǲ𣡡
֤Ҫǰ
㣡ʱҪռǱˣͬѧһ㶼ˡһƤֱ¶Ӷıð졭

ô˵
ʵҪռ
ڵȴء
ͻأ¶Ķһδô̵Ķһչֵ飬ĪﶸȻ־Ҵҽ˶Ի
һ֪ڲָʹǡＸҪֻЦˡ
֮ǶȻӵļʣ·һŴ󾵽Ѿ˸ǰᳩЦĳ̶ȡ
ԽԽ룬۾ðѪ˿ŵĻһȫȻħģӡƬĻ˰Ρ
εһǡ
˿ǵƬ
֯治κιԵĴµò˿ġ
ϧòǸЦġ
ȵȣǲǴûнӽ
һ˷ܵز
ǲǿ֤һ򾡵ģ֯ʵûУƺİѸͨͬѧ
Ϳ֤òµˣ𡭡
֮׬ǮϵЬܾҪʼˡ
ʵ͵չĹͷ£һҲƬ
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Ƭϵڱ˵Χ·鵡롣
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ճӰɾ
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ˣ
ֻ¹ʣɾ;ȴתһ룬ҪǰЩƬɢȥأ
ʱ򸻽ıһܸЦô
뵽Ƹһð취һЩûټɾصԣ֯ÿ˵ƬŽȥ
ﳤµ˽·Ƭγ˹̶Ŀͻû
ΪѧУֹģοǲͬķﶼ˽ĽС
˭֪༶˽ʱеĹѡƬͻأߡ

ڷһŮĴӵ°طģҵķģ
Ѿѱ༶˵ĸǰƽ⡢ʶµߣѱ¶ĶԸ
ߵǸŮǰŵһ㡱ɷ㾹Ȼô
Ҳ¶׶
ｻ׵˼Ʋߡ
ңʸڷϣһ˵ĳĪ־塣
񡭡̫ˣܺıڽܡ
ǰǶٷԵһ㶼ģǰļ̌ĿһۣĻ綾ţסĲΪʲôֻ֪жѪ͸ҵĳ룬Һúµġ
ҵĴӲضѹ֮²˵
أѧУֹİɣ˵ȥ淢ôľλеЦؼ벻༼治
Ȼ֪ʲôԭαЦ̳£ɫȻ䣬˵ոǵϷߣôھᱻŭޡ
ιʲô˵ӣļ́ͫϯĶ״Ϊ˻ҪΣ
ʲô
ﲻʲôȴȡ
ΪΥУ棬ؼͣѧһܡ
ɻüûдΪʲôϾ̫졣
룬ȡƬ
Դ塣
༼վȷͼѧڽĲգӴ͸룬ķɫֳůɫ۾ǸǳĽɫƤı飬¾õģ
ҿۣҸо棬ѧ
ʱڽѧ¥ңͻȻ콵ֽƬڵء
˶ں̧ͷ
Ӧڼҷʡ¥һƬ㵹ƮƮƬ¥£һƺƴıѩ
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Ϻܿ첼Ƭ
ң
Ҽһţһ
ľɺܺÿֻðԵͼڹ죬ԽԽʡ
ΧѾ˾гʲô
϶pͼİɣ
ӦֶŪӰˣ
ˡͦÿġ
ԽԽʣΧ˾ȻԽԽԣ׷ľòôѧУﶼûд
㿴Ƭ棿
ҰƬ˸档

ɫּ͸ŭȡ
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ǣȥɱˡ
Щ˿äӵĿͽ˻᲻ɴѾ¶˿˿˷ܡ
һԣ˭ɱ˭ܻøĿ⡣
ľȻֹ
ûľ˵ʲôҲ뵽ʲôûһʲôġ
鵽زȻ֪ΪʲôᷢչΪȷԡ
ǰһסľ
ľһ۾һ˲Բһ˲Ե˫Īϵ±Ƶ޹Уƺû뵽һȻ˳ëĶӵķΧɢ

ŷܵ˶Ҷˡ
ӦԶģľйദʱ䣬ʶ͵ǰʶ鷳
ûʲôİɣǺסⷴӦҲ˰
ǸȻʮ˵ضΧġǡСǸҷǳϵ֡
ʫľĳҵĿȥҲѡǡעߡ
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ʫ㿴ȻôҡʲôûҰϴλҷĺú¡˭֪һʲôأ
㲻õģҡһ˻û˵꣬ͱľһۡ
ǳ˭˵ģûò
ήңҡ
ҿȥˣʦ˵ɣͦصġҲԡ
Ϊ⴦ܺúܺʣҲϸˣľȴǷйߵķʽЭһ
ðɡľ׿ƬѧУӦöΪǸ˰ɣ
ʧģֹ
ˣ׷ߵİο
ƿߣװ޹أƬ̣û˿˵·ľûòĺǳ˶Ч
ž֮£ľѾݱһݱ˵ı飬СƵġ
ĵı֣𽥱÷񲣬˿ʼù׼¥ɼɱˣҿüֱͷƤ顣
һо񣬾Ȼңƺھִߴ٣мֶʼɡ
ʲô°
Ҵ˿ޱȺڸոͷһȾʹչľٶ
϶ˣɴŪףһǨŭҡ
ӲͷƤ˳ľĻο͹ɣͦʱֵġ뿪㡣


10 
Χ˶¶ֿ̬ʼۡ
ľǷӦ汻οƵģݵı˲ҹ˹ǣī۾΢䣬עĿȷȻ˾ûʲô취˰ɡ
֪ԼİοԼûУܿǶѴ˵ߣЦǰǰˡ
æͷ뿪صʱ༶˶֣ߵУֻҲУ˫ִ·ںҪĶ
ǸĴԲܷŹ
˭˵ģ˭øôϾ£·񣬲˲Ź֡
Ҳ˹ֿ๵İɣ
ˡ
ĬĬںλ鵲ŬСҵĴڸС
ӱʵʲôУϲɲٲȻ˻սֳ
һƤԴң
һǰ뿪ɡ
رĴܣһעǣңɴ
Ѹʰöȥ칫Ҹʦ˵ɹ١ȻҲû˼ҳɡ
ôڰ༶Ⱥӡʦ˵ߡ
Ҷһ䣺ʦô
ͷ˫۽ֱһĨЦȻǰУˣ֯ͬѧ
ұûһ
ô۸ͬѧȻҪֹ֯ͬѧΪͬѧôҲһΪǸǼʣò˵ǴĻҹ
ʮֶʱƣػش𣬡ΪľͬѧһʦؼͣȰͶˣϲͬѧǵѧϰڷĺѧҷǳҪѧϰǰ༶İ
⻰ʦĬ˼룬ҲȤذڰַŹҡ
һ˿æ¥
ȴڶ¥Żܽһŵҡ
Ȼصת׼Զ·һ˭֪洫ƺȻִţذͷӬƵ¥
ǰƵ·ȫңǱһϸϸһȦв
һûüˣһƵǽǣӲǽһײۡ
ƺһ̧ۿˡ
Ǹոľصҵɫл߬һ
֪ɱǵصӿҶʱſˣ͵͵ĥɰֽ໥Ħǰ̶
֪ǵʱûпҿˣʱǿƬ͸ʲôϵʲôϵ
ʣڵġ
ҵɴۣƲ̧׼
ͬʱһ𣺡ڸʲôء
㣬һҾʹȥ
һո˵ľһˬߡ
ŵקҪܣľľ׮ƵĲ߹סΨһĳڣ·
϶ľ棬̽ͷµؿˣľ
ҵỹ۾תţľĻңǣ
ŤͷһۣƺǳŭβȾϺɫǡ
ҲΡΡӣͼҳֵһ㡣
ľ֪ԼʲôֱϣĬתͷѷŭȫϣ׵ﶫʲôʸ񿿽ģ빴ʫԲԡ
˵֪֪ô׷ŭ𰡣㣡ôҪɱҶǱ˰
ΪԼľСæסһš
˵;ݣֻһ㣬ϴָˡ
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ʲôϵӦҵġѾħһ仰˫۾ҿ˶¡
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⸱̬ʮĹӲţһ㡣
ŭֵͷͻͻҶˣġ
ľȻñӽһһŮ׷ߺܿ׷ľưƳһۣûҪ˺𣿻ˡ
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ľתȫ֮ҺµòС
һĶȥ
ľһ֮ǰָ㶼ܺ˵ˣոջң
ȻܴڴſǻһӽͲ١
ָľҲһ˴̣۾Բһ㣬˼棬ƺŵƺǵһαίָ𣬱Ͼһ˵ͱޣһһĿޡ
޵ᣬͣˣֻʣ²ĳ
ľȫο˵ģʲôƵһֱϸϸع۲죬˫һҲʮعۿĿȫϡ
ҿ޵ñӶ£ֽ𣿡
óһӣ˿еĴУһ;޹
ƲͷΪأ˲Ҫˡ
Ҫ˻ûü֣ҷҪɱδ졣
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æĿ᲻
ľᣬֻҪҪ
Ҫ
ľգգۣĺˣɱ㡣
ովҪģ
˰ľüʫ̫ˣϾֻһôҲܱ˶ȥ
˵˵ţ¶񶾲飺Ĵ
Ϊұ˲İɣ㵱Ҽֻ𣿶⻰˵ģһֵֹռ
ԭʹѧУڸͣ뿪ˣעⰲȫټ
˳߳Уţպýڣڼ˼룬ܾòȫ
ҵĸĸ磬ԷּҶԼļͥͺӣҲôţҲΣϼҵķҡ
ҰûȥˣΪϼҲ죬ûʶˡ
ȴȥܱܷͷһٻ
˵Ҿʹϳصϼӡ
ǶӴںߵһСׯԴһССĺԺַھӶʶһ͵õ˹עҶЩˣҴɨס¡
ҹԶĺߡ
ڶ죬ȥڵļʺ˼䣬ȻԺ￴ųӲݵĵط
ȥʱһǸô죿
ͻȻڵİڽϺӻؼҳԷ򡪡򡪡
߳ţ̣ҪԷˣ
԰ǰСӲ֪ȥˡ϶ȥˡ
ҪȥɢɢģԵҪȥɣҪȥɢ
̫л˼֯Էɡ
òá
ųȥ뺣ߺܽ
ұ߱۾һ۾һ㡣
ĺֻϸ΢Ĳˣɳ̲ϸ᫵Ľʯ£һƬ
ãȥͿСıӰȥ÷ˣȥԡ
ͷкһһʯ͵عͷ۾ôģȵ㣬
û˵ʲôߵǰţȥɡ
áкһۣͷҴȥ
վԭɻ˳ָĵطȥʯڸ͹ƽֻһȥĵط
Ҵսһǿط˲ˮγǳǳˮݣǴ˿ȫȾ˺ɫ⣬޷
ұסڵء
侲һʬ塭
˭֪һ룬һ帡˳¶ͷţࡢ㣬ȫѿڣѪģˮｫˮȾ졣
ȿڣ˫õ۾תңѽôأμ桭֣С㣬ûҺÿȴͦɰء
Ϥˣѹûʶ·ʶҵĻȳľ
˳ĬƬ̣֪ʲôɫȻһ䣬ߵѿڶ˺˲٣ʫʫ
ңôԣôӣ
ֻ˰ҸӣģҶġľ߷ǳί񿴲ˣæУʫʫ
һ㣬һľ̶ҰͰ
ľ˸ӿֲȫûһ⣬ѾģԿӺ˵ĺ⡣
һæҡҪоȻ
ʫʹ
ԣľǿȥҽԺܻǻɡ
ˮݸһͷľӡ
ľʲôҲ
£ǲǸҪҵôԴ㣿ΪʲôҪǧ㶪ߣ
ŶˡľЦǲѣϾѳԣԷһȻľñӾתУҺ۰ʫĺ۰ء
һŵҪҪͿҩҲһ㡣ҹ߰ϻؼң˿ѿɡҪһߣ
ãҾͿԺãͱֻҪϡʫҺҪչ˰
һÿ춼Ҫչҡҡ
Ȼ˵չˣҺҲ֪ôչˣͿĸǰδеٶȬ
֮ǰ˿ڻ᲻
漴뷨֮Ժ
ͳˣôء
ұϥԽԽˣŨصĺˮطڵʵʵֻ¶ͷžͿƿֲƬֳ˵ý
ľԼੲݣʫҪˮԡ
һӦȥʳҪʧصش󺰴Уʫʫʫ
ÿζû߳ʯͱ
ң㵽ҪҪ԰ֲǲ
ľϵ˺ۺһ㣬ǵ˺ˣ䱻˺ѵѿûƯˮʱѵӣ˫۾һֱִֵضҡ
ԣһҪչʫÿ졭ÿ춼Ҫҡ


11 
ߵķˬͣʯȴŵ̹Ǻʯżˮ顣
žડ
źɫˮһˮ͸ҵ۾գһ£۵Ľëȫʪġ
ǺǺǡľ۾ϵƤϣȻסˣȴֱעӣ;ĪƤƿ߿ˮʱˮΣͷõЦ
һĨ۾һۣüƽϣӿһӱ
ˡ
ԭɢƻҲȬ
ȫ㲻ľôô̬ģ˵춾ΪҲôôݵˣҲ˲⡣
ЩԶľ͵ˣҲְԼȥ°
ͲẦ
ҿϼ͸ͷˣ𽥳µ⣬һ˿Ϸ죬γɹ⻬˵ı档
̺۶ӵС
ǲǺ桭ľ֪ҹ۲˶ãͻȻֱ̧֣۴һɫˮ飬ϸ졣
ָ˼ɵذסһϵϸСѿڣ΢ʫŶġ
ұϥǣС٣ˡ
๾ģֻʫܵõŶ
ǻллˡ²ۡ
ΪһξܾС˭֪˲ģ˵õζ
ʫʫ϶Ǿ̫ˣԲԣҺʹĺʹ
Ƴһۣʹ˿ڸʹİɡ
ΪʹԲҪʫ
ĵ˵꣬˫ֱֺſ˫ۣϴ΢ʯҹһԣ΢һλιջĻȡ
ʹҡ
ɶأˣˡ
ľʮֱ˵ջ֡
ؿŮƵı顣
ʫ㲻һôϵôСѾһʹˡ
ҳĬƬ̣ȷܺ˵ĳϾǶʮγɵĴ۵ս
˿ںõò࣬ûôˣҲָҷǳоܾʶѵ˰İ
ظҵľһЦ
ң
ؿֻʣһ˿ڣ⴦Ҳϵֻһ졣
ֵǣɫˮûнȾŪֻ࣬Ҫ¶ˮƤɫˮǱһ㾡ȥûһ˿һˮۼ
Եɷ׵Ƥһ覴öûС
˿Ǵԭ粱һֱ쵽󣬷·Ǳһӡ
ֻǴôһغɫ
ľƺÿһģǹ׹ȥ
ʮؽָ˿ڣϢͻȻҽУҺüʱֱסĤ
ľܰò񻰣Ϊ˿ڣЩ
ֻ˼룬⼸㹻ҵָܵľ˿ѪĹĶ
Щƿ䶯ӿ˿ڵ᫣һ鼷ȥ飬ϡ
ʣסԼļƤ治ɫջ֡
ľźȻĨָѪΣʫÿ찡ô
ô˵ϸСĳ䶯᲻̫ˣ
ҳϿҵͦġ
ǺǺǡľֿĵЦЦ͸ֵį}ˡ
ңôˣӦҲ˷ܰɡ
㸸ĸʲôģͻȻľûἰԼļңֱͥѧУҲʽ
˷֡ľ赭дƵĳҶ˵һ䣬ôֻʫһˡ
ܰɡ
ģľ˵˶˺ֻʫϵʱ
üѯǰֿʼС
ҵ˻ûкãȻûкãʹʹ
ұϡ
ϦµʱҲòȥľֱ˿ڻָ룬סػˮ棺ʫʫҪߣ
Ҳ²һز㡢Ǻسŵİɣ϶·
صץˣ˫۾εСƵģһҪҡһ˺üį
ţ·ġ
߳ʯͷʱľƺˮ۾ӡ
ڻ谵Ӱ£޹Ī̽ĵһ
صӣһһ˸ľԵĺë̺·뿪ʱͷ۵һֱʫֻվˮԱ߿ͷһһҧ˵ȷš
СʳƵġ
ҲûʺòóԣľԹ˰ʳ⣬Ӧòϲܿϧֻ
Զʱףվֻܿĺɫһذ󾱣ڷԱȼǿң粿뱳ȻǸʽһһֶС
忴ǷǳɬĴ;塣
ûʲôߵģƽʱӾȫ㡢¶УҲֻܿľû롣
ֻǿ˳ԲʵģſտʮƿĿ⡣
Ȼ˽Űװô졣
Ϊǳˣˣ
ְѰװֽߣŷŵֲԾ죬ٷ£漴̧ͷ߸ŷߣȻƵϡ
ҿһ۱һҵİţĬˣ
ľŻشǸ⣺ûꡣ
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ҶһǾúѳԣʣû취
ʯľɫĺɫ٣
ڳҰ̺ӽ˺úͿԸţһŵĳԱĴ۵ʽס
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ԡʹſһɫ
ң
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Ҵţԭţĵţһ˳ǰסҵ̧ͷЦʫ
ϵë̺ѾѪ͸ֻܴӱ߽߱ǽǿԭɫףҲȾ˰߰Ѫ
ǱĺۼһͣͣϺ߽ʯٵ
ұŵأ㲻û𣿡
ľ˵ΪѪһ·̫鷳ˣë̺סˡȻյһġ
Ҫ˵䣬ּıңҺöʫʫʫ㶼֪ʯжˣ̫ˣְĻˣһûô죿ĺܺ¡ֳֶ񶾣ҿ
ľظλҵҩͷҶϣı飬ǿģƺ
Ⱥ۰ʫ϶ֵˣ߹ʱʹĺʹ˼飬Һȥյ
ұһµĻһͷӦ¶΢Цľ㤻Ҷ˲Ϻ£ȱ⣬Ȱ㴸һвС


12 
ұ𣬳緹ڲؿľŴⷢ
һȫֳָΪһ֫ȫжˡ
ǹ˵ļСȱʧİȫػ壬ߴߴģȥ꿪ʼ⡣
ľ·ȫ֪ģոֻǶݳһ˾ͻͷһĸ߰ˣüۼת԰䡣
Ĳ֮˲Ŀľ˱粻һװί㻶ģһͿָ붾֭ﲢ档Ǹ߶߶ģǺټҲڴˡ
ʫҪˡľҲָƽ
šдҵԺҵͷ
űرյ
ҳ
Ƕˣľˣ˵ܶʱĺóҪһƵġ
绹ǲÿ˶
ľȻ˼һ£˵һǳס
˵ˣΪʲôԺиֳ˺˿ԼİΣʮִĵسԷƿڴ̵ĳƱ
ľҵ뷨˹ζעӣǵģϾһҵ˶ЩһĽɫҲֻǰԼҲԼǸʲôӻҡҿ϶Ҫñ˰ҰһҲֳĵط˵Բʫ
С
һ꣬ˣжʧصľ²һ£ٴרĵдҵ
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ȥ˰ɣͦעؽֵ
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Ҳ֪ľȥһžͷԶһðƺڷն
ң
ұɢ߿żİԡ
ѽոǸСĺÿ
ҹŮÿôǰû
񡭡
²ؼ··ĵ·˼ס
֪ʱðĵط
񾭳ն˿һڷʣڳһطë̺һЩ⡣
ľһʵվһԵˣẓ̇ûʰɾ׻᲻ʰ
ҿǺĶͷĸԸı飬Ĭ
Ҳûǰ
ľ峿ʧѾָԭӣư
ͽ϶ŵˣҺڻعԭ״
ë̺ΧͣеĴһССĻӳɫͫڣ΢ҡҷ
ľЦһȼǶ
רעõضźɫĻ棬һƻõضľĲ
ң
ͷתһ飬վľûӦɼרעȡ
ž
ң
ž
ž
ë̺΢΢ͣһһ״ը͵žϸֲ
΢΢ü
ԽԽϸСĹ
ë̺ĳըΪССĵ̴ٵİ




һݺܴըҲһ㣬Ҳ֪ʲôĪյĶ죿ë̺úܽʲôӦȼյ
ɷһʶһ־;סľ󱳵µؿСһƬҽĻ档
ʫľŤͷЦð
ͻðϸ΢ĳһΪһ塣
ҸɰͰ͵á
һ˺ɵؿҺľ
ͷһ֡
ľûܵ˿Ӱ죬ͷ˵ǲǾҪѧУˣ
Ĳɣš
ľ֪ˡˣʫ

Ȼˣ߳ׯߡ
ͷԣֻûסʰϿҪĿα㵱
ľˣúܿ죬컹úеһУͿԼΪԼʶñˣ·һ磬룬˭Ҳ֪һʲô״̬
ҵƽֻĵ粻ּһЩ


13 
ʱ˻ص壬ѧ
ѧУﱬһ̱ѹ£˵ʦȫ̵Ľ̵ΧŸ֣û˾֡
ľ߳Ų֪У߳ЩƬ˺˿У԰ڵĵذɸɾ鿴Ļʵأ˾
Щľһۼ
ֻںԼֻںԼҪġҪںģʹȴҲԼЩϡ
ǲܵ£µĸоο˵ڴˣҲЩªƵˣԼܸɾ
ʹȴҲ١
ڷÿһ··ľ̾òţĿбӣǴЦһƮŲͣ
Ϥ¥£ľ׼ţȴûü֨ѽһ紵
ɫ΢΢һŶ롣
ڲûʫĺۼһƬľȻ룬ʫ
ӿҵңûӰüͷԽԽͣڿ룬ңңİ
һʱ֮޴ңŷ˿ף뿪ƺҲס
ɫ¡
ȻһӰݺľĺԡ
ʹһͬľѣԼ˫˫űͷĵƳƽĹÿԳһŮڳ
ǽҪʫľһɫѼñһų£ŮɴУ
ľӸ£ŭĿԲɣݺݽ£ΪʲôΪʲôôΪ㸶ô򵥵ңˣ
ľʹ첻ɵһſ
ҲħǰĴ
ԭǸ֯ģû뵽õľ΢ۣͻȻЦһקסľķӲ̧ͷĹģҲġ
ľһ̬ûд󺰴У쳣侲ֻȻ˵ˣҲԼʲôӡɫڻʲô
˵Ц㣡㣡ǣ
δ˵꣬һȭ£ç˾ͷڵذϵ޴ޱȡ
ȿȿȡľ˿Ѫĭ
ϻˣ㰡ľ塭
԰ôľô

ʮӺľй꣬ϵѾϣľЦһ澵ӵǰԼʲôӸ͹˰ɡ
۾Ѫȫۼ΢Уȫɫɫ˺ۣȫȻǰĹû˻˾ĸ
ǺǡǺǺǺǡľЦϸСȴԣɫԼҲñ˳󡣡
㣡ľ𣬼̲Ц˼ǰˣ͸ɣʵҲǰɸ߰ʲôǸ֯ˣ㣬ҲҲÿ㣡͸һ

ľڹһĨɫ
ȻľҶ˷ľûڶҺĬԡ
̬Ȼŭˡ
㲻ϲˣ
ֻҡ

һȺų򡭡ľڳϵѾò˿Ⱦϲͷб¾ɱҰ
װʲôװʲôװľŭ𣬡װʲôߣװʲô߰˽̰Ľ٣˵͸һĹ㿴񹷣֯ŮҲ񹷡ˣ۸ڶˤ˭ң
ľ壬ǿ춯֣ҪȻ˷ˡ
ǿʼʰΧ֤ݣһʱ˴
ľŻһܣϤİļҾߣڻûȻѾ󸴻Ҫôˡ
ֱǰδС
ȣҵʫɡԣǸ̫ˣȻ˵ֻǱĶһ֪
ԶԺеͷǿѹ£ƺһ㡣
壬ͱʹ˲ͬЩ˵һ̲ˮʲôװУϲֿͬɵõĶһһôһ̲İˮ˭Ҳܽȥ
ЩˮһŪ׸ӳª
Լһεϲ봿ˮҲѸٽȾ
ôˣôھɿݵĲݣĵһ㼴ȼ
ıţͬģҲŵõ˵жôףΪǾô׵õĶԼô󶼵ò
֪ʱһĵߣС˵ֻҪߣҿ԰㡭ҡֻҪֻҡ
ľΨһõĺɫһתֱ
ΣЦǺǺǺǡޡ
һѪŭ㡭
ľõء϶Цֻ֣
ҪʧأľѾ⣬ɤʹɳƵģôҷļ䶼ûʫǸɴſ˴ԣƬ֮󣬺Ȼһδͷ
ǣʫܵҲˡ
ǡʲôŮͷ㤵صڵء
ҲһĻ㵲ѣ̱
ĸȻһ˫ƤȻŵذϣɫͷԴ¶ȻǼš
ľѪǣӰ죬ԼϵγεĹţֹͣ档
ֵֻ˳ȻľһģһԣľףǱ
ĶԱȣ̬
ĸתǣ𴽽ǡ
ľͻȻ˻Ƶɤ𣺡죡Ʒ
ô찡ľ壡ǹɣŵͷ亹ס
찡
ŮѾ˵Ĺ
㶣̶·ţǰ
ĸֱ۱סŴп
ľڵذɶԷܵ沢ûиƷȥ
ɫһߣ޶㡣
֮ʣͻģСһؾؿ
ءʹʫ
ᣬЮźɫ䣬εذըʱĺҲֹͣ
ͬʱʯ˵ĸ˼䡣
Ǽ䲻֪ΪΣϰκһμ仹ҪҪǡ
ȫסЩʡ⡢ʵĻ䡣
סЩѡ˺ʹࡣ
ȴǸ̵ĺޣĪİŨصݵĴǸ˵
˿ررҪһˡ
ʫʫ
Ȼĳˡ
ڻ谵ʯ
٣˽ѳıʣҲʱⶸȻļľͻعǰŪЩȫµֻķΡ
ٴ˿̣ľûá
ٴ˿̣ǲһġ


14 
һʱ׼ʱѧУ
Ͽ˼λãоǸͼҵľ壬˵⼸˲֪Ϊηһ룬ڱڼơ
ƳһǰŻ÷ˮĳˣĵ׺Ǻһ
Լıɱ³֣ȷսģŹ֡
ʵ֤κ¶֤ɱһҪȷǷںˣԽԽ}ûš
ȥ߰ͷרעдԵԾ
һСʱʦЦؽˣͣʣվ
ҽ˾ٿһ鿼ù֪ʶ㡣
˵ҲĶǮɼ
ŬɼĿĻǮ
ֿԷΪǮǮ
˼ˣֶΪĩҶӶҴְĳиλеͷۡ
ô붼֪һʲôȥСѧĲϰ֣
ΪǮͷöʱϵĸҲϴƣʧȥ˾ǿҵľˣ˿ʼľµ׷ݡ
ҿǰͷ¶յ꣬ʱľìܡ
ʯǸ˵Ŀӷκ˵϶ܼһЩͬģûС
˵²˵˭ģ˭͵ҵĸɡʾԼӰԱʶΪʱٶͬĶɢ
Ƕһ˿ܻߡɸֵ˼
ⶼǱ˵°ɣʲôʱë̺ɶ
һ˵ľĻûܹ⡣
ԳɼԺʦģڽ̨˵γɼͬѧҪѧಹһرһĸͬѧ
ǰŸ˯ƳչһЦʦṩ©ȱ
û˵Ļÿֻ֪Լĳɼһ¿δҶȥˡ
ҿһԼһĳɼɼֽûжԣȫ˵עڸߡ
ͬѧſβðҿԽʼǣ
һ֣Ըͬѧ
ͬѧҲԡ
ͬѧʵɼҲûʲô˵ģҼ
Ҳ֪ľһǶٷ֣žûμӿԵľ嶼ȥʱҾͣ
֣ûд
֮ľ²εʱ䣬ճѧ˵ȻǾҵҵغľߡ
Ϧ£У԰߿ͼݽľУſߡ
ͻȻе鱻ߣһΪʦ
ӦڰﲹϰľƺƳϵݣһɴϦĹӰʹƽ˼ᡣ
ң㲻ڲ𣿡
ľ۾ûϰΪʲôҪʦ¡
ǰأܿߣ
ľһ²Żش𣬷·ԼͰ֮Ժ󣬸ûϣŶ˵ˣ˭ȸӽ˭µĸ࣬Ȼȫûˡ
ң
ȫںԼŵԾֱӸûһܳˣһҿû˵óɡ
²ۣеӹ֪ˣҡ
ľȴĵظϡ
𣿡
ľνǸ½ȥָֻʼ⡣
𾪣㲻˵
ˡ
ҵë̺ء
ľ¶˼ı飬Ȼ˵졣
Ҿֻúľһͬȥ֡
·ǲûдӲ֡
ľҷʣʲôǲǽ˯𡣡

ֹûж˵
˾֣¾̬еǽȥȻоǸġ
ֵЩдڸн͡
ʵϡиһֱ뻹Ҫ͸һ档
ľ¶мı飺˭Ҫȥ޼ֵ𡣡
Ȼǡ
֤ҪֿѯʣҺľֿұѯϸں˵֯Ǹ塭Ҫ㣬ȻԾܾȻϳ˲ʱѵġ
㶡˼ôӦˡ
֪ΪȻھ˿أڲ棬ʱ֮źһ㲣ʡ
һ̨ͨԴ
ӲˬʵƣȦΪŨأ˲١
֯绰۾ֱӲͷңۺþò
þò塣Ŭ侲߹Լĵӣյͬѧڵɱַ澫Ĳˣһеûš
ʼ߶߶Լʱӣֵ쳣ƽǸĸǽַھӵ
ֱĵԼСκ˶ŵĸ֫޶ԵݲŤһ󣬡ҰֵƽʱּŲ˵ĵѪԱߵĲҶϣ˳ˣúü˼֯ʱرãûôù
Ͳŵʡ
Ҫвˡ
ھԺԽԽã֪𣬻Ů˸ҸסҵƤԽԽףҵĸҲʼߣԺķΧ̫ˣ̲ס𡣵ûϵ
һԱߵİˮȻɫһ䣬ڵվֽ棬ӵŭ𣺡ʲôˮ̫ѺˣǾ͸Һֶ𣡣
ұһûüӦɫ糣¼˵
ұסǾ
ҳˣҾȥ֯¶ڴƺԼܳŲɡ
ڨڨҲðɡ
һܱøã϶ȸã˷ܣ㿴ҵҵͷһܳ
¼ŭ˳ƿһۡ
״̬ƣкȦҲڵԷԽԽϸƤ
ͷںᣬ˿С
ζʼϸɬ̬仯ǰ֡
ϸһ۲죬֪з츲صı仯ƣǧǧ򣬵Ψһħͳһˡ
㿴ǲǣ
Ҷߡ
ƺ̱˴˵ľ룬΢Ц䣬֪ʱ۽ǴһżȻ۵룬㱼Һ񿴼ľڹҹ˵Ц
ұŵһͲȻվ𣬵ɴ۾ֵؿ塣
ȻŲٵأͷҲص뿪
Ĵӵĵ绰ﲻϴ
֯֯֯
֯
ʫ
ͷӬƵߵһۿľѹ˲ΧЩˣȥһѰס첲
ţʫʲôո¼ѯˣľЦʹͷ
Ҳ˵еҪ֤ʲôæֳ
ľȻɻ˲٣ҲûֹĪһ㣬ɫ΢䡣
룬ƽġ
Ƥż΢۾ȴ˵ġ
ûʲôǸˡŻԼѾһ亹۾ҲһЩʪ⡣
ҲǣôһĲ˵Ļء
һЩҺµĲ룬ٶ˼׼֡
ڷҺֱܴϢĶ£ֻèƵ΢࣬ʪ崥һӲճ컷Χ
ң
ллǳˡ


15 
Ҽæջ֣߹¾װµӶľЦֻ˵²Ǹ󲡡
˵¾ٵľĻػľüëһһۣüͷؿ¡
ȫûзĲ͡˵Ҳ⣬еҲ°ˣһȥԸɣ
ձ֪ûԼʲôˣ˶٣罻˵ˣټλ
Ťͷſڣ˭֪һֻٿקסҵ
תͷľŴǣӳɻӣʫҲȥɡ㿴ͷȫ亹ٿ϶װɣһҪͲС
ƵȽ͵ǲǣӦǸԼ˼֪֯ģ϶
δ˵꣬ͱľ̼µĶɫһ
ң
ϵˣġ
ϾҺ˲죬ȥ䷹ˡ
ľͣ΢ڰգٴβͣ뿪


ҹ٣ڳϳԳб㵱͸Ľֵʱţÿ˶γɸԵϡ
ҳԵһ룬ҲĻʣʧ״̬
˵˵ǸӾ裬ץ
ԶŴ򿪣һӤĸߴ˽룬ͷӤ˵˾ʲôٴ׽ʹڸУԱߡ
ƳһۣлӤٲϣʲôӤһ˿һûб¶С״ȷӤǱ̫
ԷֲŰɫһ㣬ӰжϸĹ
ջߣ㲻ҲԷɣ͵͵˵𡭡𣿡
Ļﴫġһļ
ѭȥǿӤģҶӣ̫鵼˳Ƿֺ޾òųЦЦС㣬⺢Ӻϲ㡭
ллӪҵ΢Цһ¡
ҵ̸ǳӣƺʱᱻˡ
ֻòšԡȫ֪ô˽̸
ֻͻȻҽԺʱһ䣬Ǵ𣺡ǸҽԺҽʵڲ̡Դ˶ʹɱ֡
ʲô˼ɣû
˵⣬ӺٿʼĶ
һȴĪǲӤֵ߽ľٶٹĶĺۼʲôһһ
һ˲䣬Ƿ·Ӥһδ֪̬Ĺ
Ŀһ
æͷ˵ֹʲôû壬һƬƬ̧֮ͷȴۺֵζƿ߱첻ٺ˵
ˣˣټ
ãǸֻǣ΢΢һЦ⺢ӺҺ˵ͦʣĺϲء
ˣҽپգܸʶ㡣
Һҵͷ˳ЦЦһûòػظҵ֣ˡ
첽ȥʱֻǽھһСԱЩͷܺ˾ƣ֪֯ϵʽ𣿡
뵽ϸϵʽ˵ֻ˺ɾˣش𣺡ûУô𣿡
һֱãȫ̶ܷŭӣ;볡ˣ¾׷ȥ˵ڻûл
Ǵ¾ٵĵ绰ԣ
ˣûӡԣлл֯
û¡
Ҷϵ绰ʧȥߵĳž¥Ȼøľֲտյ谵ޱȣҵӰڰ߲ǽҡҡλΣе
ͻȻֻٶȷ
Ա֯ոմͨµ绰ˣѾûˣǾˣ˵һ
֪ˡ
ټټ
ټ
Ҵ򿪷ţơ
һص￪ʼҾԼԻоҲ˴
ԸֻҵĴ
ҵ·ľʼʱֵ״̬
ľȻԸӣҿĶԸܵ׷ߣ󷴶ǣԭŻĵ˱ľű¶øƵģִƤë֮ˡ
С
һ뵽ֵµľһ顣
ûѧʲôԼ˵ۣ׳ְֲֲŭˡ
ȷǱҼءӾС˵Щǣ˧ƷֱǸֵѪƵҺܸлԱ֮¸лˡлʯôչˣҲмɡ
ʽڲͬ˲ĿҲΪ˵һЩʶʶ
ҽӼ򵥴ɨһ飬д⣬дĴƶرգҲ˸
վ̨ѻһ£һϤӰһ㶡
żԳپյ˱źվҼ̨£û̧ͷǵԴƺںͻк˵
ϵɿ̫ĺӣ߻谵ֻƼƤ쳣İ𪣬ɫԱǿҡ
о裬˴ؽŴ
ֱڶ죬ľûѧУ
˵ʦ˾ʧٴ
˾¾١
ҲԾʯĳ
汻ɶ˰ɣ
ھھְѯʱҲɵľ˱
Ϊûȥ֣˼Ͱҷˡ
վھſڣľĳ˰ɣȻǸֱźҲԶûпңȴٵƵġ
ң
ô󵨵𣡣Ǿְι
ûʲôٶ
ԥƬ̣ǰʣΪʲôһֱң˵Ǿ֣ҡ
ûж⡭ĺһˣ̧ۿһۣȻ˵⺢رϲ㡭
ң㿴𡣡
پգġ̵ҽ˺ܶʵ顭ڵٶ𡭡ҪȻҲҪ
ң
Ὠ飺Ҫȥ汨ҽץɡͦġ
ˡųСĴƺܻҡ
üܿ㺢𣿡
ĬƬ̣ͷٱʲôȻҡͷǸһᱻŵ

ĪѾӤˣ
ƺᣬæϸʵᷢͦɰġ
ңˣټòҪˣҪȻһᱨġ
䣬ǲµͻȻҹĶ̶϶
һֳľԱҲע̸˹
˼״ææ뿪
û°ɼ֯С㣿
ңû¡
һ٣˵ľҵ𣿡
ûУƻҪ֯СʲôϢϣʱϵǡ
϶ġ
Ҳⶪľ׶༪٣Һް취
һʧ٣Ǹʶ˶ᵣġ
صصңһûſڣ;㤵ؿźڷͿǰĵڰŪϵһ軨
Ҿľ
ʫԹ
û˻ȻĿæûʧ٣ȥֱ
ľ룬·ҡ
С¾أ
ľĵ˭֪ȥйصӦƸ̫ª˷õҿǮѹסز˰ɣ
²пǳ̲Ƣ˰ɣ
ң
㿴


16 
ľﾯһԾңȥѯǻһԱûڸľǼյѯңǿҡ
̽Ŀк˿ھԴĲˮ
˵֯С㡭ǲǺ͸ϵܺأ
βأĿȻ̽ɻе⡣
ǿװ򶨣ûС
ԱΪʲôأ

ʲôſȴŵϣľ˳iòէһ֣ǼܶεҲһ˲
ľüһȦ
䵽ʱҼʱرܿ
ŷԼһصĴľߵƺͦ᲻ҲԼľĽӴκγߵĵطǺ񲢲ô롣
ҲľĽʷʽ̫ڳˣһӾͻᱻӱ
ľ޷ӦûзȺ˵ԣĮ֣߳ߵٶȲպùҵĲٶȡ
ĽѰôܾľߵһأҽǾȥãҾҪľΪˮޡ
οȹңҲϸ롭ȻǹĽ顣
һû뵽ҵһѽ˾Ȼľ
Ȼˣ㷲
ͣ½Ųľ
ţľŤͷڿԱһ̳ƮƮشһԼû
ҳ룺㻹ǵ˵仰𣿸Щǡ
ľתͷҵȻ˵ˡ
˵
˭㣬ĵĻɫ㵽ڳʲôԼҪ̣ͺúõıҵۡ

ң
û
ɴʶ˴رر𲻿ף㲻ģ壬ͻᰴԼķʽִС
ִеĽǳ෴ķڵؿ񱼣ʮס
¶Թ񣺡֪׷߻ʲô𣿡
ɱ㡣ľ˵һ٣̧ͼҵͷ
۵ע£ֻ֬ƵĹǽڷƣƶϸϸ׵Ƥ׺Ĵڡ
ҵͷ
¶˵ı顣
ȴ˷ܣɫһͻȻһ㣬·ҹе׺һǡ
Ҹ׼ֻ֣־˳ƴҵͷķβȻɿ
ٶ̫죬ûзӦ
ľ۾˸ҿĶҡ֮ǰȴѸһ˲ѻڵĽסͫף̧ʱȻҵưȻ˵ëëģʫ
ҵͷƫ꣬ȴϴͷըʨͷĳ̶ȣ΢΢꣬ԡ
ңŶ
һ·̲סҺ̫ע⵽ˣӦòʲôİɣ
ľõ·ңʲô飬

Ҫǲ̫ˣ
֪ûʲôԤ˵һһ仰˵õԤȻǲܵ¡
ȻһȻظңһֱҼ¥¡
ң
ң㲻Լң
롣ʫ㻹ûȥҼҰɣҪȥ𣿡
˰ɡ
Ͼ㲻ǰë̺Ҳûл㣬ҡʮڴʫܹͣҲǰסʫ𡣡
ľܹϲȫòǰڵɵõ
ڵıͷǳЦⰻȻ
һǾܾˡ
ľһ˵ſϧһ¶쳣źɫ
Ǳˣͺ޲ͷʽˡ
𣬽ӣ򵥳һЩʳ
ӻׯŵŲԱְ°չ
[ĿǰǱӵʮˣѾ׽ù鰸Ȼң⡭]
漴Ļ˵ʵò
ͨ
ӵӫӫڷ΢΢˸
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Сһ飬һһľֵͬһ顣
Աȥ·죬ҵĹϵȻԴϲľbuff
֯һܶ鷳𣿡
ʱɡһ٣ȻԴʶľûκ鷳׷ߡ׷ߣҲûɹʵ˺
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Щһʱ֮ȫת۶ľ
һ޴Уһ⻹⣬䵱ԻĿꡣ
ż㲻Ǻľãǲĺá
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ԴӳĹܼҲΪľĸ𾪡
ǳ˳룬һ߽Ǳһλӵүүڴ룬ϣݴ飺ӭǣǸͬѧɣҪú棬дܵĵطݡܼңǺúòιۡ
ܼңǡ
ۣǱڻ
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ͬѧʲôΪǽһ𣿡
Źܼҵľƾʲôﵽװʲô𡣡
ڨڨ졣
ȫǹܼҶԼүΪţ΢Цųǽ·֡
Ҹ󣬽ۣԱǵڵҿǰ·ľ
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ܼҽľźƵľַǾǿƷ¸һ̵
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·֮ʹʧڲѰ
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ľűôţһ̲ˮŷӯȡ
ҹʣ˭˭
ӦҵǸӾҵŨζצس˹ζΧҵƤ
һ˲䣬ҷ·еԼҲȾζ
ļžţĲ˱ǵĹ
ûпľţû洦ܣϥڿľŵĹ䴦ǽǽͷ䣬ߵ۶ۣٽ

Ƶʼַŭ
ĵؽΧҪҹȥƵģҲɵҧ۾ʪһȦ
֪˶ãɢȥŵĲ֪ǹĶҲͣ
ܼϸľԶľ룬١
ҿľǰ̧ͷľվǰ׶עӣƬӰܲԵ粻
̧ͷ䣬ѾҪקסӿǲǹ
ȴ΢΢ֱ̧ۡ
ֻһ΢ȡ
ľһ㶣ָɫֻˡڸʲôأⷿôÿ
βʹ͸ֲײĶʼɡ
ұźˣƺҶ߻죬һ˵ҾͲ̫ˣͻȻš
ǷԵʡԭ޴ڸеĹܼʱ˵һЦ֯С˵ľżȷʵܴ󣬶ˣΪǾ𷢼ңһֱһЩľƣԿܻһЩġ
ұľû˵֣߬Ҳʶõ̫ƳһԼҵɺ̧֣
ҲƵһ
ҲԸϸ룬Ը׷ҸոյӦԷһû˿ǽǶ
ľȡǰװƷ˿Ҳɾۡ
ûٴҵ۾סұϵƤ֮ϣ۾ԾתָϵᱡƤ¾йĴС
𡣡
ľʵ
Ǿơ
ҲܼҽֱȻתңһûشľպһ˵ϧˣ׼ȡ
Ҳûȡ


17 
һ˻ٺԱϣûоӦĳЩҺľദ˵ˣؽľ
뿴ʮǰʱƬܼΪչʾǽϵƬ
һһԷأü۶غڼʣССľơ
ڶƬƳڼ޴¯ĳ״ﱻһڸְ¥ݼŵʹ衣
˶ĺξӨ⡣
ʱʱսľ⣬ǺǼҵķʷ۵ȴֻǰ¶Ṵ̃
ǰΧȦܼվһܼʱȴ׼زͷҶĿ⡣
˫ǲƵ۾ƺ͸ֻܹ۲쵽Ĵ顣
֯С㣬ʲô𣿡
ҡͷûС
شתװư͡
ҵĲԸ̸Ҳûж˵
Һ뿪ǲŶ̶һСʱ濪ʼ±꣬Ţ˵·;ңԶҲԱǶֺǺǴӦһ
ڲ죺ҾͲ
˵ٴҶҪȥ
λԱ˺Ȼ˵ͳһһΣƫƫ᲻һݵӾƵģŤ飬ϵÿһ鼡ⶼǡôĿעôעĿϲפġ
Ϊլ̫ˣǰסǺܼįԽҶ£һǳġľ˵
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һ˷ҵĹһ졣һ죬ƹʱֻǶԷ棬ͻȻ˴룬סǶԷޣͰĶƵľ޴¯Ͻ裬Ⱦ˾Դ
Ƿʱȴŵһ쳣ζž㴼˱ǣôľƣȴδŹζֱ㡣
˿ȵزϽ裬ǴͰȻװĺǲϽͰڣ硣ܿҲܵ˹ƻ󣬴Ҳ룡ң˸˰ĸһ衣޽ˣһƷ־ƣû˲
ȻǶԷ޾ƾƣ˷һᣬȴһ·
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峺ǾƱģûˣԲŻ·
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[֪֯ȥĶȥûҵ]
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ΣҸɴķ䡣
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ڼ㼴ʱסżʲôҪߣ
֯㲻ú𣿡عͷ˫¶Եɫʡ
׵ƿľţ֪Ϊʲô÷ǳǰŲ̤룬ľžԶرա

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Ȼһͷ̽ȥڿɳĮһشں
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ԭ̽˿Ҳò
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ֻǲӰ죬ֻʣһıܡľЦ͸ְǵһμ㣬ӰѡĵһҪȴ㰡ʫ


18 
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19 
޼ˣҲŭˣŭʹĺþˡ
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Уľ˵һǾΪҸͿأָ˭أǰȴҡɱңһȺ쵰ʫ
˵ĩβϴŰһ˫۾װ޳Űɫͷ˵˵ǲǺܿ
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20 
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װ޼ǰһ,лҵ,ˮ輸Ƭ·ըѵЧ
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ĺƽȣľͷͷ۰ʫ
ȼŲӳůĳȹ⣬ҡҷˡ

ͬʱµġʬ塱˷ɢѩ÷
Ŀڴһ֧绰һ˿ĵ
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ľʫͷļ磬ϸĺڷķһڻڻĳγ


21 
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ɫɫ,õ齻,߲ǽڣϡ
ˮݾȥ,ѸƤ¸ס,˫оÿļǡô,ûôǿ׳Ҳûôϸ, һ뵽,ֻ
һ֮󣬲Žֱ˳,˿ʫѾȵֱð,صѹסĺ,ò
㷴ֲĸıľһ˲䡣
Ϊ˸ȡůȡֱ۷մʫ¶ȣƤ⾹Ƭ̵¶ȡ
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ȫȻûһ˿мͷŻǺ޷̡
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һ뵽˽ľܾңʲôʽҾ͸жòУҲµòУ̫־度£ҲϡﻩؿޱſһѱסĴȡ
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ҵĲϣޣôؿޣҲʪס
ġ̫ˡľһ˺ܶŰҾȻ϶˺ôһ˵㻹Ҫʲô׬Ǯҹһء
ľһԱ˽ȥӲûϻ


22 
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ǰɣ
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ҳϿҵǡ²Уұˡ
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ѩɽϵһЩ˱ҵһ˷ǲ,˵һˣһֱûҵ,Ӳ˱Լѩɽ
˵ĿõҲ˾ɽѲƾʯ,ڡʬ塱Ҳʧ,ֻзǲǸ˼,˶Ϊ׶༪,ҵҲֻʣʬ塣
һ˯һľõ÷ˮ𣬻ܵһõݻãټʱϴ룬ȻﲢҪ
ôõĶѩɽ֮µͷٺҲ벻ۡ
ҳһ˵ʱרȥʣҪʲô
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ˣ˽˽ľٶԼȴΪ˽ģҪһţɫ糣ҵԿ״򿪣ĵ׳˻һЩҪģʵδ̫ۼ
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һѾĿ⿴ңţֹֻ˵֯ĺܻᰲοˡ

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ǵվ֮ظң󿴼ľһӵ뿪ǵĸطȥˣҪתȥʱĪزͷ˫ģһΣڱϸ׽֮ǰջء
ҽŲһ٣һ˲ľ͸δйУȷһŵĴȷתȥԼϰߵ
϶ǴֵֹģԻ·ĸϡ
ҽ֮Ժ󣬻صңſʱָڲ֪ʱһԷޣŮֱƤҰףȴͿ޺Ŀں죬һϮȹʮģ
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23 
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Ĭҡͷ
ֻܱȥľǱߣ뿪ʱȺ˴̹ǵĺĿƵĴұĵģģߵøˡ
ľңңľ֮⡣
ûˣҼæǰסʣԸģǲǣ
ľңһ٣ٿһգۣĮı鷢츲صı仯̼£ģߵȻԸİ㿴ǶҵӣǻңǾңŰңҪҳ
Ļſھ̾䡣
С
ͻȻľűȻҳĻһæ㵽ľס֯սľ̽ͷ
ľıһƫͷһۡ
ѹûźµôˣЩ˺Ȼ˰ɣ
ԽԽܣս
ʲôʲôľƢһ˻ݣҲ߼ľš
Ķ̫ˣ˼뱧һƿˮͻŵȫľƶ档
ľɶ¶һ졣
ޱ飬ȻǸոͽеļˣ˽ֱֱġ
ôܲԼʲôûСѾͷء
԰

ǵӵԵľŵְֻŷ죬ʹľžҵػλεľм䣬ۿҪŲס˼룬׺ݡ
ǸʲôûòĶľŭôôʲôԼƾҲʲôԼܻ룡
һֱܻŭԷš
ֻⷿһȴ¥ĸ߶ȣǲƺ


ԽԽѷУ˫ееķ⡣
Ũصռɱ
Ҽæֻˣ
ľҡͷԵ̫ˡ
òС
㻹˵ɶأ
ҿڲԣʹ㲻񾭲֣
۾΢΢һƣδ˵ͱҾס쳶ȥ
ľ͵ǰһ̫߲ԵϰҸȫסֻǻæ䲻
ľ
һ̤ڴԵľȫ̱ק죬֯ԡҳһţûзҲû綾Һ
Ҷ׼񶾵ˣȴʲôû˵ĺͰӣüǷŭ⣬ǵɻ
ң
Ұվԭزֻңڴ̨ϣҲ
ľѾŵùˣѷ쿪ʼ
ҽŲխխĴ̨һʹȻͽһȹȥˡ
Ȼʧؼ䣬ľڶˡסҵ֡
ǰǿտգȻסһ˲ʧ඼ܲסҶХ
ʹһ˲ƶһλãĲƺҶ仨ܺõĳ䵱棬ֻоҶѣһ׶ĵʹ
λöһ£æԱߵĽ䣬÷ϾɵľͷڵסΡ
ľһ²ʵ¶ȣҶѺǳҲʶ㣬˵ˡ
Ҫ˵ȴľνŤŤӣǵȥһߵλãɫӦغҼһ
Ŀˡ
ˡ
ԭΪֲڵѺʵ֣ȴϷӾȻ򶷵
ҵģ

ûľûôҺܿ˶ڣҲͬΪңºΪˡ
ҡܰɡСδ
׻˵úãʱͻκʹܳ緶ΧԽԽ
žýʹһȳһյߡ
ľضҿһһꡣ
ʧأʵʹ߲ˣڲݵ
ľڶҹ۲졣
һܾٶûţ߲ˣ
ŵҵĽףƺһηƵģȵװʫ
ʹžžવᣬľ£һģ
پס죺һ׷أϢ
Ѿܿˣ걻һȥɫ鷢ķβҲҡҡȥʫ㲻߲ô
ǰΪʹˡί۾ӯᣬմԽԽίȻֱģƵģҸɴͷ⻬ľ磬ؿ
һΪҪһȺ˸˺ˡҽ׺۰ոʲôӦˣҵñ
ľ򴽣ƺ֪ʲôҲ֪ôİ۾Զһ㣬Ƭ̡
òǿĵĶٿأɫ۵·˼˼룬ȻЦʮ˳һѻرס
һһҲעʱɵ죬ûǰأľҷŭ̧ͷʱ򣬵ͷԡµ´ԡգۼȫ
էһǰȫɬǿ
ʲô
̫ˣҲ
ŭ
ľװģΪ뵽һð취´ǵòһ¡
ٵɡ
ڵĬؿɺһϵۡ
ΪľҸߣҪҵóŵ΢΢
ҲֱȥţߣҾ㵵ֱӵˡ
ҲӣЦﵽ΢΢һҲ֪ڵĲ״أͿġԲԣʫ
ԻָˣΪһƿͻؽСʫҲˤúʹġ
ң


24 
ľҵʱ,֪ΪҺȻеһǿҵͶߣŵΪ׷ɱˡ
ܣּһ,Ǵ
ʵڲ,׶İʹֹֹס
ԭľ,תͷȴ΢΢һ١
ոһ·Ͼر¶۲ɫҲһ,һ¶Ǹרעˡ
ңʲô
ûСľûǺ,Ա,ҵĽ,Īظ̾һ,ôŶ,ʫ
Ҳû,ֻҲû,ֻԭϢƬ̡
ûϵʫȺ˿϶ͳˡľõ˵
ң
û,հ˰,ֻʣּ
ͻأؽʫ
û
ʫʫ
ˡ
ľµģͷ˵ÿ,۾ˡ
˵˷ϻ,ܲ
ҳ,û
˭֪ľȻɫ,΢ŭЩ΢ļʣǰ㶼ûôӹҰɡΪʲôң
,ȷûлָ䡣
ҳϿҵ,ǰҲ㡣
ľҵĻһ,˶٣ȻŭҶһһ㶵ģЦˣǺǺǣǰҡ϶ɣȫȲڵңʫ˵ǲǣ
ţȻǹȥڵıȽ⣿ϻ̣ܼͦ򵥡
оһҽ
¶֭ı飬ȻоǶҵģΪ̫ϤҼ֮ǰ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
϶ǻ԰ʫǰġҡӹԴ޴ƷǻεӤ
ǻ
Ҹ㲻ڸˣʧˣǰԼһء
ǰҺܻδٺҲ῿ģľ
ȻĬĺֱֱעӣֱޱģһ˿ܲͫס
ʫƬ֮ľ𣬺ᣬüͷ΢壬ĿڣҺܡ
æʣոˤĺ֢
˵ҡҡͷѣΪû»عͷľеʫ
Ҳòְעתϡ
ͷľĬƬ̣ھһףһѹȥġҡɱͿԭҰɡ
ʻ̫ѧҲƽȥˡ
Ҳðɡ㲻ûһͦõģʲôġҺܸмġ
ֻǿô˵Լ˵Ǿ仰ʾڿΪǰûôİʲô
Ҳе㲻״ˡ
˭֪ľ¶޵̬ԼУҸУЩͽ
ʫ㲻֪жෳˣ˵ҵĻŰң㲻֪жҡ
˵ʱԼʹĽףĪ˵ˣ˼ۣʫ׻׵ġ
ȻˣĶô졣
Ϧ£һǲ·ҷǺܲҵ·ˡ˵ǼһôһȻԵõģι
ҸȫĵطҹҲߣľ㱳ߣ֪ΪߵúԶԶ쳹׺ˣҾһиܿ˯

ľϵ˳˯عͷӰ
˺޹˼ɵ߳Сӵͣסֻһֻɫ۾
ľҪЦϵһѹƣôǱٶȶѹˣó㣬Ҳҳ
ͬ䳰ȷڣľһģһϲɣ˶ᴦңҿɱʶʫ
ľҧгݣҪҧѪ񶨶ضסԷ
ԭҪļģҲмЩƷļ䣬һֱˡ
ԣǰ˿ˣˣʱʱ̵̿ؿ
һ뵽ʱعۿʫദľɫ£ֻ͡
ɣɣ˹֣αƷҲֻ俴ʫˡ
ľ˼ԵͲۿʫΪá
ڵֻƷҩͱ
ľɫѿһ
ĵ㣬ĴΡ
ľɫͬ˼䡣
ȻúǼʣΪǵһӽǣ΢ı΢롣
滮ƤĴУʵԡ
ľɨһˡ
Դӱҽʵ顢õıݣľٶ𣬱ӦôӻӤ̬ȴӲپղڣǶԷޣԾؿѸٳĺӣƤ˰̣ʱգҲһ᳹׻ָ
Ӧĳһʱ֣ǣ̫û˵滹ԳܣΪӤľܶΣ÷ֹϰˣǱˡ
ľȷϴʱ̫Σգ߷ߵͬˣˣ޺ܴ
˵ͬ⣬ҪʫΪǶã῿ô졭
ľ˵ĻֲܳãС
ʲôǶãʲôǶ
˯;˯ŨҵʱۣȴģܸоΧ
Χ
״ƺڱбƵĴС
ұŪòòۡ
֦ܲϵǿպڲݵϣһ˵ĻĻǱ
ҵĽףһɫ£öñɴסֻ¶һֻ۾ϸϸͿŸҩ
ң
ȵȣˣ
ͻȻѣѸջأһӱվ
бһգ̧ͷɴ
ʫȿڣ򵥽˼䣬㴦˿ڵģҪģҪֻã㿴ô󡭡
ĪʼɣǶ⡣
ϸԷ
һӦǺС
Сӵĸоʮʮꣿֻ¶ֶۣű
Ӧһľ˰ɡ
Ҳٶʣллл
ҡҡͷ˵
ľдڸе٣ưͣ˵ʫ
˵ͷĬؼͿҩƣеıܸоָ⡣
ľʲô
ľش𣺡˹־С
ң
аɣֻϣ˲ҪΪ̫ľҡ
һˣ˸Ϣʱ̣ҾԶľòУ·ڵǰһ֡
ôע⣬ǸСӡ
ССһƺ˯ˣúܡ
ľ֯ݸңʫ𶳵ˡ
㶣һ˲ѩɽ¡
Ȼҹֵͷԡ£æֹ˲ˡҲİɣøҡ
ľҪֲ
ƴǲֻ֯ĺݺˢһľӡ
ҹ˯
ԶԶģ˭Ҳ˭·һߡ
ȻоҵӦҡһ˼Ҽô졭
һ˯

Ȼɫµк˶ľҲ۾ųӣͬĺͬĵ⡣
һǣûóȻ¶ԶԷĺ⣬ֻܰذ¡
Ͼ˯ˣҪá
к˯Ůߣľûж˵ںڳ۵ײסӿ
ҹɭ轵˽Ǻ붼Ǻ
ʲôûǽذסȻصԭλ˯
ľǼ·Ķ⵽ױȲʫĴ˼ֿۣƬʫల¡
ǿ֮£ֻʣһ೤ĺ˳ҹδߡ


25 
˯γ,ƺμǲûѣһŵȺ鼤,һһ,йһһȺܲ˵ǰ,м伷ܿΧţ޲ɱѪ׷ɣɫ,Ұǽڡľʵذ,ȫȾϲɫ
Ǳѵġ
ʱ΢ƹԶĲԴлǰһƬ΢,ޱȡ
ľǸСƺûѣʱֻһ֯,ⵥﾹȻһҹ߶δеһ˿⡣
ҿ˿峿ĵ·к,м˲ȳխ·Σҵˣ绰ҲǺõġ
ԱСϪСϪпаݵСӻ˵ˮ,һȳһյ߹ȥ,ױö,·
СϪӦǴģεˮҾСˮϴ˰Ҫȥ
峺׵СϪȻϷƯһ˿һƵĺɫˮ쳣ۡ
Ѫʲô
Ļæٶȼӿ죬δľ۷ƽ𴲲һˬɾƽʱ״̬졣
ҲĬڵ̫ʵˣҿ˰ŷŵġ
ңǱߡ
ҲǣľСϪĵӶ˵ЩӦ˰ɣ˻ҪȾǶĵ¡
ҽ֯
СҪǣľӵѾûˣ
˺ǰЩһ¶ҵҺľû취ܡ
кҡҡͷľŭСƵĶƺǺ±ŭľܸоקסҵ½ǡ
ĸֻҵıҿʱҪֻ̧ûס۾ʮֵ͸չɣ̧ʱĪۡ
еľ۾뵽ΪС˵㣬һЩԲ۸жһ㣬Եü޹޺ڰɫкɫӨ͸
ľᣬŭգŭ⣬üۼ޶ĿβһĨ糺졣
Ư
ľ˵
к˵ֻҡҡͷġ
еһ߳ȥͷֿô
ҪҪҪǲǸո͵͵ʫˣգװʲô˶ġľرţһۣӲǱסûָкˮñӣһһ
Ҽм䣬һͣԱ
˵ͬ⣬һһ˳ĬֻקңͷˣҲˣˣҪ°һߣظңˣ
ľҪ˵ʲô֣صһѰסһӾסͬʱҲоԼ½Ǳ˲٣Լй¶һ˿ĸ
Ұԭתһٰʮȣľң۵˵ˣҡ
Ǳȵβ͵èֻǻȻĸо
ſʱľΪûôˣ˼άЩͣҲ㻬˼ʱסҵĴȡ
һ㶣лл
к̧ͷӣıɫ͸ֻ۾֪αװ޺רע
ľһѰұˣҪ˵ʫ

˳һСߣߵ·ľ˵Լ۵ģжôôҪľԡ°ڶմ
ĵرл
һ·Ĭಽں󷽵кͻȻܵǰ棬ͷңָָҷ
ҳǱ߿ȥݴ߹ͷŮʶܾߵŮˡ
һľǰ֯
ˣ£ӴˣЩҵѾˣԻȥˡ
˼æڣ԰ĺˣǶ˺ˣ
ǰһôû˷㣬ΪϹ
æƮƮĿкʱķסҡ
ľˬƳһۣǷҾҪߣ̫ˡʵǷ𡪡
ͻȻкһľһ£üͫԹ˼ˡ
Ƕ˼룬˼룬ľȻЦ˼һָǺǺǺǺǺǡǰҰˡ
ҿǿڣµľ
ˣͣ֡ľʮֲޣĿݺݹιкʱЦʫһȥɡ
ҽҡͷˣ컹ҪϿΡ
ľɫŤһŮʱڣȴһϣߡɭ߳ȥ·ܳСĽܲסϢһ죬ߴ·ȥ
ľ԰ʫ
ܾһᱣľģȴᱣҰ
кȻһ£ͷ
˶Ҫȥһ߲ɭֵġ
ֻͬ⡣
»磬ֻʣʮˣҲľع龫µ
ҲΪʲô»޽ٵܲܺһߣЦ˵
һֱڷûгȥкһ䷿
ľսشںҹľӵȷ»صµӣˮҷһģЩ㷲
˲˰ɣɱ˰
ŮҲ赭дûе£Ǳϳȥġ

ҹ˯ʱ䣬һֱʧߵҹԺ˯ţΰѼſ֨֨죬һ˲ҷ·صѧУҵĴجγ
׾Ѻϸȴʲôʧˡ

ʮǰ
ҹ١
¥һ仪鿪һ죬ʾ˴Ĳо֣ŷﴫ֨֨ϸ죬ȵҺ岻סط죬ϸſ顣
ɫµк֪ʱ̤϶¥ȣֻɫ۾쳣վŷǰӸµؿڡ
ûڹۿͷѾ֪˭ȶ֣˶ڷֹ۸ù˭
һӱߵһףöŷǰкߣȾѪ֯Űס
ľõء
á
ɭﱻҵʱ֪бľһ˳طܾ̾ʱľһѡ
վľλõһӦҲǳܾǸĶܿϧǣҪ޴ƷС
ƷðӦøж²Ŷԣ
Ƕ֮ŵĴųŨصĺ⡣
û£ʫﱻɱô죿
һ˲䶼仰ĺ塣
һĽҰģҲǼᱻġ
Ϊ᳤ĵĳ࣬δʱгġʬ塱ָʶһʱأֻЩҧ͸
ǻȥˣҲûߣϾҪȶЩĵĳˡ
ľԸΪԼܹЩָʹָʹǶϾͱɱ
һˡľƮƮƳһ۱Ⱦɫĵذ壬Щ˷֮ǰصԼķ䡣
ʫʫк˼ʫ֣ԭľһЩõ˯
ڶʱ˴ʰ׼ˡ
Ů˵ľһֱҪŻ𴲣ҲҪţɫѿȫǷۣһ㡣
ΪЩǵ̬ȣе㲻š
ʱǸҵģĬкĵݸһš
Ҵһ
ľּ
ʶּҲΪһѧУдκζҵ۶ôⶼ˴ͣʦɹдĵҵľּӡҵԺ
һ˸֡
ٿŷݡľڳ˵Ŀǣԭ֭ԭζúܣȥЩĻ˵ԼһˣΪ̫ÿЩ˿϶ŹԼߣߵʱҪš
䲻볰һк˹֣ͺףҲˡ
ˣЩӦûûľ˰ɣ
պţûľ±һȥˡ
ҺǸкӴȥڲ·Ҿò˵ֿϾ˿ҲεϲľԲľΧ˳˺ľǰģܹô롣
һصУ̱˾ͨΪʬɱ˱
ȥֱѯϾͿˡ
ֻǶ˵ľߵЩɻ
Ҳ˵Щ֫ҲǸŮһѻչˣʧȥ֤ݣ˶ٶЩʧеķ֡ʬɣһľ˵
֯С㣬ܽǷŸǼ𣿡
ŶáҰŷݸǡ
ּľױʣƲڷǳġȶ״̬дģµī֤ǲд²ãʱҲԵϡ
ܵȥأ
ҡͷʵ֪żʧٺܾã˭ҲҲ
ҵľô϶ԶԶģǰʧôΣ󶼻ƽ֡ϣҲһЩäĿⶼģģĹҵһְ
ǾԱҲΪľɱʽͺܶ࣬ΪȺҲȷˣĺУеĻ˵š
ھΨһһҸе飬кȻסҸڣǶԷ޵ļҡ
ѯʱȻˣЩ˻ƣɫ
ЩȵĿ£΢
СܻռƣֻƯèƵ۾ЦԵú޹봿档
ɰʫ
ңӦýҽ㡣
кһ٣ر˳ظĿڵ㡣
ҿǶԷǰдϣ־Ǹյġ
ӣһ
ᾯ¶ֵɫȷ˲ֹһ䣺ǶԷްǰ˶ӣһ¶ӣȻ֣ͬöӸе𣿡
󾯹ٰͰضǰϵѯʣҲһ˭һӦִֹ˵żȥܻġ
ܻġ
Ͼһˡ


26 
ǰ
ˮǵԱ,ڵӾ緽һУ԰磬Ӷһڶ죬ӵڶ˿,һеһж̻׹䵽
ľһ˷ܵظ,Լһӵһò,ҪȦ
δ,ֱˮ跢˵ľ㱣ִٹ̣Ϊ޵İҹѪ˿ֻܲҪû˾ͻԼһ˵͵Ϳֻ,૸֡
ȥˮ˽븻棬һ侯ԷҪˣŪˡ
вҶܾˣԼƤҩһǰҲţȷ,ģԱ˶ܱͳһ,˹ưèһЦؿ,ҵǱҵúأһû˵ԭֻҪǰϵĵǸҾͿǿǿԭ
ʲôЦѼñֵˮŭ,ڵһվ
ľ˳ƽ̵ˮ,̼,㡢¶Ƥ̵÷췢,ˮ賹׻,ʧȥľ
Цڵ˱ͱòЦΧۡ
ɶȡûòĴ
ˮ輱æ߳ȥǰҽԺ
Ҷûʲô¡
ٺȥҸ鷳ʾԼŵȴ
˼գˮ豻ڷۻ޷ָҵ
Ҳ÷񲣬Χһжʧء
Ǹҹһ¥
ˮܲģΪѾһأóֵͣȷбͱ˵ʸ
⣺ǷҪ𣿡
ңƾҲҴԲѺҺҲ𣿡
ˮ߳ŭŶ֪Ȧôÿˣ±ȲžܾǩԼ˾Ϸİɣ
ŸкȻðһɻԵһ
ƾʲôƾʲôݵǸ
ŭȻ󣬽ĲӰԼľϡ
ˮʧʱֱñƽʱ󣬸ѡ
漴һһ»ʵ˭֪ǳǳ˿ںܿ츴ԭ
ˮһ޷ÿѧ͵״㵲ѡ
ȴЦֻŶֻǳ˹ְ
Ļˮעתƣһ̵ļǺޡ
ƾʲôƾʲôֶܾˣȴУ
һЩ
ʧһ㽫ȫи״ͼһ̵ĵۡ
ˮعƣʧصڵأѾʧȥ˺
Ǻܿ졪ǱиƺֳɲͬĲ֣𽥹𣬳һһԴ硣ȥĸ屻ǣϵѾռ죬һѪĸ̫ӵĿռ䣬еֻһֱֻۡ
һ޴ĹڲסԴŴ켳ȡ


[ҹԱˮסʧˮأҽԺϣҪ»عյ·ʮѡ]
ºˮ۵ĵ˷һһطš
ӻ˳ȫûһõƤƽڵʵʵ
Ȼ𺣣ĪֻһȻܹѣôһĸ
һҪʧȥòһ׹
Һүվߡ
ڽֵϷһƸˣһɫ£С˵㣬ҲСһЩ
Ҫǣ˳һֻ۾űˡ
Ҳн죡ˮ費ܲ˵سЦľѾٱûȷϴ˵ǲǸäĿ϶ǸΪ뿴ĵľ
ľŴӾֻԼݴʫһ飬ǷŵȷдģԼǼ仰پ˵üϵġʵϣľȷʵܲڵ״̬
ҲΪӣûʲôģӹúһЩ
ˮܲͷľȻΪʫһپĻټò岻ܼʱָòʫǰһ㣬ıôαװҲı䡣
ֻɫ͸ŶӵЦ⿴ñܵˮ裬ʶسŶ𣿿ǰҹһʱָܻأ㡪ĺòҰҪųһӡ
ԭľۡ
㣡
ˮֲԺͻȻðһµͷѪǲǶĻָкô
Ͼǹﰡ
ȻعˮѾľֱϵһռܸɾѪҺ
ľϵıѪֻԹ޵ĵӣˮŵ뿪
Լķڣˮɳϣ˫Ŀ죬״ϾܣҪѪҺ͸Լֶ¡
ȵȣҪҸʵƷ
ҴӾֹֻ˼ƽӣľûлص༶εʱ䲢̫Ŀǰû˻ҡ
żڵӣһţҲ֪ûѧ춼µĸо
ֱĳһգһصҵ¥£۶¥һ·Ϻú·ͻȻһ첲һ룬һЩɫŵȥҽԺ飬·ôҲ鲻ʲô
һ죬Ȼ¥£˱˵ܾ
ھΪڿЦЦŵڽˣȥԷɡ
ǡġң˵̫󡭡˵ૡ
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ǵģġ߶߶ھֹһ䣬ڨڨ뿪
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ǸҲ㶵ͷϸС׵ֱ۾ٵ㱡
࣡
Ƥٴη
յǡ


27 
һԼ,ʲôˣ
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飬·ʲôˮޡ
ң
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ӣһ,ϵıѾȥŰɫһȦһȦ,ֻðһЩķϢ,СҲܿϰĶࡣ
һת¶Ц,һ䣬ȴ,㡭ǿ,ǸˡоӲ,ǱΣ̫ˣǵð͵͵ĵطȥ,԰ɣ
ҷڵСǲ,ദ˸оǸСħ,ȫСʹģ

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ȫСЩȻͱС꣬ѧʱڣһ࣬˵ĸоҲͻ
ۣ˵ѧûаûѧĻѸİ
ûϵǮֶܼ򵥾ŪİɡֻèƵĿ˸Ц
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һʱǸ˱Ъ˹ر磬·¥ʱܿڴķ϶ݺضӡ
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ң
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קסҵͷˤڵصͬʱҲš
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𽥸ǹľֻǻеܣԿհһƬԼǿ󼸱׷ɱǿҡ
УſʱŽգһæҵţȻĴ屻󣬵ڵ
ôôôô൨Ϊķأ
Ŀ޵˻ɳƣȴɰͰ͵ģȫȻס
һߣʱΣյһʱϵԤס
ңѾ֪ôˣʮľûһôĶǡ
ǰҲйԼһѧܻ飬Ӳնûа취Ҳ򲻹Ҳʹһ˲䣬˴ɵԼδƺûзĳ·ǰʱҲǾĿܹȥˡ
кܵĻһҵĻ˵һĴ˵Ļ¶ԺҲԳԺʦ־Ը߱ԹѰ
ӰĻ֣ŤͷһԵҵķܣҲ֪ȥ
·һôʱͻȻһֻקסңӲקԽһĻ
ҵĶͷס˶Էţֿȿףһ±γɵȦ
ͷҵŹƻѾֲˮˮֻ֪һʹſǻľ
ľҲʪ͸ˣڷҵˮƤ԰ף׵ԱͬŨҵĻǿ벻Ļڵҫޡ
ƽָҵβʫʪˡ
Ҹû취䣬ŵҲûð϶ᱻֵġ
ᣬľһĨЦΪᱻ˰ס
û˭ȴľȴǷɣУʪ͸Ƥ֮ϣ˼ɵֽұס˽ߣػûһ׿

Ҫ׷ȥһ赲
˺֣ⷭż鴤ͷ·룬֫һʶٿأͷȴʧȥ˼
ʲôǲԼٵûָԼԼôأĴ˭ǸӵģһҪɱ
Լһ˶֪ܵԼڻҰкãȻ˳¶Ȼһš
ʫͿԷ类ͽԺˡ
ֱ۵ƤһһɻİţﱻĹŪЩ΢ɲ
УѸٷɱ䣬·ڵĶȲˣԴ߻ͬٶȣѸܣ֫ŤһţλƤɳһȦһȦ
İһһըѡ
࣡
࣡
ִУ

ҵĶһ˫֣
˺ܾãҲ˵ġ
ҳ׷ɣǱӿؿľҾѰһ㱧סļ򣬡Ժô죿һǻҪأ
Ҷͷǰ޵ò㴭ͷʪڶ࣬ľֱ۴ҵ䱳ָ̧סʹǿͷƤ
ࡣ
ʫ
ҿ޵ˣͷľŨŨɫ˵޹𴽽ǣ赭дǽɡϾֻɣ
ҳҵľܽҵˮҵĶϣĽҲʪģӨ͸
г֮Σ𣿡
ŶԮ֡
𣿡ҳɵ
ľϲûƽ˸ʱĽšĶκεƽƽ˿͸
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áʲôۣЩţԺĹӲ볣ͬ
̫˼ӣδ۶ľѾ˾ȲĿĸı䣬ֻͬñʹԼıԡ
ƺҲûзһ㡣
ҳһ¡
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ңҲ޷ȷ顣
Ǹڵı֣ճģһ뵽˴Ī˷ģȻ˵ĸ̾
ǧܶȸ顣
ҸҪС˵Ҷĸ鲻ԽҲһҪϷ
Զһʹ졣
ƫƫľִȫǱڵΣգ˫۾Լ֪⣬עţʫʫӦôÿʲôԥġ
ҽŵضű𴦣ҪҡңһֻһѡӦӦӦӦһĸأ
ʧˡƺֻǴһ
ңľ˵ЩﷸеĴӾԺŶ
ϷϷɣͲɣԺ˦˦ɣ
ŵٴοæס籧סһȣʹͽɣñҰء
ľһҪҽ
ʪ͸ɬ쳣زסңϣԭͳȦסҵĳҲסҵ󽻵类ִŵܱסŸӸߣջʪͷԹ԰ݵķʫʫʫ
ȫͬؿޣȫȫһֻè˵ָײҿſžͲˣ¶ۡ
ʧȥ˿ء


28 
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οҲ֪ô˵ʵܽȫľͷϡ
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,ҲûǨŭ
ԶĻֲԶĸ˼ķ,ѧУ,һǲܰȥȫȻİĳġ
Ҳôѧ߹˵ɣ
꣬Ӱ,ҴȻ绰ĴͽҽԺ,ؼҹһ¾ǱȻϴ衣
ȥֵʱΧ˶ʶˡľҲȥˣҵõĹעûôࡣ
˼¼Ҳŵᾡչ׷
ʱ,һֱ˵ֻ͵ŮԥŴչ糺죺ľ,ǷпգҸպһŶĵӰƱ
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Һľ˶ǳƽؿ,ȻòƿĿ⡣
ܾⳡĺʺϱ²ء
ŮĿѾľòԻƵ˵һͨ,ֱľͷó,졣
ң
Ů˻ûй,Ͼһμ,߷ߵô˵
ҪȻءľĵͻȻ뵽ʲô¶һЦӰƱҿ
Ц̼佫Ů˵Ľ·Ȼܴķ羰Ծ˻žĻٶ࿴һЩЦݡ
ӰƱݸ
ľ޵ؿһۣһأ
Ů˰һҲݸ
ľƱЦһûȥӰԺӰأǵһκİ˿ܾûܲϰߣҪʫȥɲԶء
αװ¶ĿиɻŲɡ
ԿԣȻԣҲǱ͵ģŮһѰʣĵӰƱ
ľЦеװãˣƫƫ˻ûн⣬һӦģĿ뿪
Ҽϰˣ˿ҲĿһС
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ľ˵껹ڵӰԺ࣬ҳˣʫ
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ľһ٣ĿһðЩŭǶңоڶԿܿŭɷƤȾһ죬ɫͻȻһɫٿתңһ
ľֱӲǰѸļʸѹȥ˵ǳƽͣȥѩɽΪи뵽ͬ͡һƬҾ;öġ
ҪǣǸƷǺžʫģʫȡůǸƷʹ绰ÿһ뵽һͶĵ£ʼɵ෭ӿҪȷ˾ǸƷԶѩã˭֪;ԼòײŻ
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Ҳ֪ӿˣҲû˭Ҷʶ
ֻǵӰԺſڵʱɸеһϢ
ҺӰԺðɣʵûӰԺڴ򹤵мΣÿԸһЩƤСܼҳ˶˲١
ľһȥ͸Ѳһܿ˿޵Ŀؿܶ಻ĵط
ҪڴȵӰȻֱӽӰľȻӣˡ
ң
ңǾͳ԰
ľѳԣҪȥ
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ҿһۣҲȥԼȥ
ľĵƳҡ
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Ҵһ
ȷľ裬ƵĶߣע⵽ʫͲˣԻġ
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Ѿ˸ǿаװϵԹ⻷ˡ
ʱ䵽˺ƾƱȥľӶ˱׻һھüһԱߵİˡ
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ӰΧֻûпʼ涼ûвš
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ľұſĿǻѲһڻ谵ƹ±ƽ
𾪵ؿñӴսҵƺ׼ֻСƵҲҶ˶ͷҧסľǼҧ˸ʵ
ľӣûѪ˿ԹʫǿǻûбŪõ룬Щ۵˼ҳ˵Ҷŵϵĳζ
ľӣһҲ뿿
ȷ˵ѣ˵ĳζӦ˵ƫ
ҳ˳ǣǺǡŵ𡣡
ûУʫܽǻҲǡľ˵аԺҪҧʫѪô졣
ľ㲻ҾͲҧ
ҵκβλҺʫﶼЩ˼ءȻǡʲôǹǴʫھ;úܲˬ
ұѿˣ˵ʲô
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Ӱʼˣžһ´첲
ⲿӰʮġ
ҿſž˯Լ˯ʱֻľһӰ̫ĶģȥˮѹʱӰڷƬβ
ߵľ֪ȥˡ
ɨķԱæȥȴȴӣһ
ϵıѾֻ΢京Ц㣬ɰǸľҽȥҪȥԴ͵ġ
۵ˡԼȥȥӣ
û¡Ц
ľӰԺʱֱǰ˲ɾĲ⣬һ޴ĺɫϴ
˶Ϊһ޶á
ɫ곤һЩǽڹ͸еͣϵıѾȥĦһӡ
һǰֽ׵ƣڵһֱֻʧ١
ľ½ϴȣǸʵʵµ߳š
ڳӳ˵ıӰ
Ȼ˲һӣʫЦ㣬ɰǸľҽȥҪȥԴ͵ġ
ǸķƷŸոʱ̣ܶҪٶһʱָָҲȳϵѪζ·ɣš
ľ΢Цʫľܾ˵û¡
ˮڿ븻ѪҺ˵ȷԽԽͷϾ˱ͽԺǰڱ
϶Ȼı仯Ǹ˾ʧ׼֪ԭ򣬿϶
ˮäĿš
òִѾﵽ۷壬ΪѪĹҲϧ
δ֪˵ѣ֪˵ʧ١Ҳ֪Ҳ⡣
ǳªģҪѪ⡭
ڣǾȻڵӰԺĽֵˡ
Ȼ߸˸Ůˮ費мضⴧ⡣
ǸˣһֱڹˣߵȻӲȱӡ
ɱøʱ
һ˵Ŀֻ̫ȡһ˫۾ֱۡ
ֵǣϲ˵ļһξȻһԣֱ
·±ע⵽


29 
Ǵӣһȥġ
˵ӣҲ̫ˡǰʱ仹ֻҵı,ѾҳƽˡǳóˣҲ֪ǲһӷ賤
·,ӣһһת,Ц㣬Ǹ˽𣿡

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ұûжʣ˵
֮Һӣͷֿ,ظңҴʱƳ˸һۡ
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ҹţ׸硣
ɳϴ򿪵ӣӻĻڲ,ׯǻԲ
[գԺ,,һʧ٣ڱڸСѹע˽ѧϰķʩ]
ҿˮĶһ͡
ԺľԺ
ŲûвԱʧ˵ݣ޴ӵ֪ű浽û塣
ҲûзҪ׷ʵ˼,ҵ뷨ԺѾû˽,ϢֻԺ¼Ӿͱ֮Ժ
ʱܿȥ,һֱҶԳ˷,ӾʱͻȻԼҲһѵˡȻģʱһЩ
ϾȫȫƮɢѹӢ˶ûϵֻҪʧû취ҵ
ҹҳԱ㣬ϴڴϴ̨ƣʮֲſڴϿ顣
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[֯ұҪˣҪ֧һwwwǰÿһ]
ӡıǸСҡ
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СʱǰһЩĺľ˷ԺŸʫĹŽų׹رա
ںڰӣʵĴڵסһпֵܳĹߣ򵥵ļҾֻܿһЩҾ߹ڷڵ棬һϢûС
ûݻװ꣬ûаƵļҾߣ˸벻ȻǸĶ֮
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ڣܲ𿪱䲻ԡ
ľգգ𣬴׵Ծϸѻʯһ⽻ڣڳӲ͸ĺȾϾӨ͸ʸС
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ľüһȥ˼ſԵţҰ㣡ﶫ㣡
Ժ˰˼룬Ȼűһ죬ȻپգѾƵǹ˫ݣʮꡣ
ĿǴ壬ĵؿľǸ㿴𣿿Ǹ塭һѾӳˣӦþ쳤ص֯ߡ
پ˵Լĵķ뷨
ֻ֪ԴӸСԺɲִǸӳִ
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پպ˵⸱ģѾǷǳǳٶȡ
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پ֪ǰ˶ŮİȻκͨ˶ڰ˵İֻǸڷıƽʱı̬ʹͻȻɴ˹﾿֪֪Լһࡣ
ʲôľܲͷȴϸ˼Ƭ̣ϲһ仨һɡ
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һ仨پ㶿Ĺ⣬ڻججضգֻамֵĴ
ңʧȥ˶Գ帻ϲ˶Ӥ帻ĹԣľȻ˷츲صظı䡣
ǶԷޣֻΪӤʱϲɫȲҪȥŻΪϺɫʢ磬Ҷپʱֹ
εΪռõĶ
ʲôĸƺǹħԵĶ
ҽԺǸҽڵʵĶ΢΢һ
Ҳ֪ôˡ
ֻˡһҽʵóĹû취ȳҲ־Ǹʵ
ԱߵľȴĪеԺʻʫǴĻһСľͻᱻ۶ϣ飬һɡ
پҲ֪ڵƣơһ㡣
㵱ȻңҪȻҪʲôáľָư
پտʼռϣȻЩ̲סɱʱæյʬ塱
̫ˣһۿšġʬ塱ڻճɻҽʱǰĺɫûҽʵĹ塣
֫ԴɵĹ׸ߣǵ²ȴ䶯ĳ壬˫ԴһŴ캰š
ҽǰûһẰʫֻ֣ۺҺõұϸҰýǰװ˸ϸҰҽƺҲΪʵɹĹ̫޴ֻܵڶ뿪ҽԺѰҸӿĵط
˿ֲľپĻĻȴֳӴͷص£·Ǿ޴ʱĿ֨֨졣
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پ˫۵ɴ󣬳Ѫ˿Ȼֽ棬ҪժСĻ
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ԼѾЩ׷һӸˡ
ӿǶѹ￪ʼѾ񲡣
ҵڶȥѧУʱľ͵ˡ
ڴ֮ͥﲻ˵Լˡ
Լλ
Ըÿ˶һӵ顣
ǹڰ顣
ҿĩβһֽ͵ĲɷƬΡ
һԵͼƬӼҵĲͼ
ڲɷؽԼŵӣʮֵʣûӣûˡ
ԻڶгЦ仰Ҳͬ˿Ц˼
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һ޴ĵɳƵӣȵɳխܶࡣ
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ľվǰüӡŲɷõֽˣƷζǹġ
ͬѧܿ죬һЩ˸תƹΧҵĿ
ֱһսԳĬСڸУ
ƺΪǰΪңΪȲ飬Ʒ˳϶Ǻѡ
ȾˣľŭΧŵһȺɢһ㡣
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˽Լֽݵǰͬѧҵİɣ
ľ߿һۣ¶Ӷı飺ǹģеԴҲǳªİɡ
˵⽫ֽһߣƮƮ棬ȴʮ˷ܣ
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϶ѿľն
԰ôûʲôˮܶ˸͡
ָܾڶ˵ġ˵㵽׿ɲˡ
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ʱķŸˣ죬Ϊʲô˵ԼˣҪӣһҪ㡣
ӣľ¶Ťı飬ƺܱеˣȻǿסˣشʫ춼Ͱˣ㶼ҵģ
𺳡
һ˵ͰԼϴ˼ٱҧŴ¶Թ޶⡣
ӦòܣǺǺǺǺǡľһ٣ֻЦ
ңȫ˵ʲôԺҪ
ŶľҼۣ˫۾һûпɫ״ƽƿĿ⣬˵ʫŮҪʲô
㲻֪𣿡
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ҾʼϷˣֵȻҵĿһΪֱԵذĹ켣ġȻҲ
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ľȻ˵ңһͰ㶼ͣٵءʮ˳ط߷ͬˣ̵ģʹޣԡ
ҶûӦع֪˵ʲôˣ
ľļֲˡ
ҽԺ
ҽԺһֵĲˣԳˮ衪ǰһԱһ֣˾ɺۣԣ˵ĶӺ͸첲ȴ׵þ޴ޱȣ·һһʯͷ
ϸҰҽʹְˣڲ֪ᵽȥˣְǰûעʱҡʵǰʱ䣬ҾͱϸҰҽһռ죬Ҳû֪װʲôֻһЩ˵϶һ͵ȥˣΪҹһźɫϵųһŽ˸߶ȵĶϸҰҽôƳ˳ȥ
ôĶǵʲô
˿̨̣ϺУ϶Ǹںң
Ťϵ˰Ƥһ£¶Ƥط˰̸룬·Ȭ
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첲İһںϸڷմѪƤ£ȱпԴԴϵԵĺɫ̷
ƿĶȻһԴ˺סУĲ˵֮ϣ¶һ΢ЦƵ
ǺãǸܰ𡭡


30 
ľڵס˵һƬı,һҪ˷Ҫ͸ġ
ޱ꣬˼
ľĺħһˡһֱڴʮδȫۡ
,ƫƫҪһȥ,̬ȻȻ,ҶһʱûӦϾǰܶζΪûˣ߳ˣλΪŮѻؼҵĲĻľԭѵĺ尡
ڼſתͷ˵ټ,Կ״ţս,Ь,Ǹ˾͸ֻƵգۼͽ˳ֹţһ,ýŵŵЬ,ҲЬ,Ž롣
ң
ң㲻Լ𣿲ǸȵȣһЬźãѵЬҪ룡
ľĺӱһקľƽرãҲ,ܿס,ҿĺ,Ҫ˵,ȴסε˺Ȼҡһ¡װģȥ
ң
ҿϷ˵ô˭Լʱ㿪,ԭΪǼװģȶ˺ģû˽סҲЦվֱ
ϷҪˤڵأŵһקס첲
ûקסҲˣһûֹľԴ͵ҵϣѵһۡ
ջ֣û°ɣ
ľϣףɫίϳۡʫ
˭ͻȻԼˤģֲʲôʿҲǸˣͱˡ²ۣ˳ѯʵ᲻ײˡ
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ˡ
ӣһ𣿡
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ӣãû˵ֻӳƣһһ£ӻһһĴʯѹļƵʡ
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ұס²ֵû취˵ӣҲһͳװΪҲڼҾ뿪˰ɣ
ÿֲ֣ʶӣ˵ʲôءԼҡ
ҪҪǲŮ𣿡
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̨ƣĻƹͶ䣬סѩ׵鱾īɫּ
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ʫдʲôģģһ档
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ľûȤȴҲûңݵҲϸ΢ĺӱϣӼ
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д꣬±ʣЩ۾Ҳˡ
֣ľҲû纰ʲôҪԷʲôġ
ϹɳӼ˰ƺ˯ֻ¶ɫķһذĺ󾱡
Ϊ˯ˣԥҪҪѣǿͷȻ˶˸λá
лĸоվرߣľۣӵڶĶ
ң
ҳ˳ǣأ̬𣿡
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ָ·˽ȥ
ҲǺҹžķΧҶľ̶ȸһЩϾľٶȫǳͻȻð뷨һ˽Եúܡ
ʫľ΢΢̧ͷϵĿңĺȾͷ׵Ƶ⣬΢䣬ԼЦعǱԵˣÿɰŶ

֪ΪΣҲϹӰ´£ЩӰԵЦ͸¶˲Ӧӵеƫִ񼴱Ҳܷʵϲۡ
Ŀ֣ҪȥԷˡ
Ҫ´㲻ұӵþͲҪ
ľʱ΢΢ɴۡ
ڲϿгΣľһõعճһѳΣȻѵһһڳꡣ
ԭҵĿʱ䣬Ҳȼ˸ˡ
ҷż硣
ľЦ˶ó󰡣ʲôҲУݣʫʫ㿴Ҳһأ˲졣
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ľüˣͺóЩ˾ȻᱻѬ£һ·ɫ
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ûˣʵģҲľ˸Ƿ˯ȥԣǸһסҡ
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ʮճˣؽһȼҺɳ֮䣬һҲ̧˫ϣ˲Ҽס

ȻӦĽҪ֪֮ôһ죬ҲǺܿܣʵû뵽͹ľޡ
ûҵԣûԵļ⣬ļÿһ綼ǡôҲǿ׳ɬһЩص;ֻ˺չջ
ľ漴ͷҼ˯ˣë׵ͷѹҲ
аɣܺúÿˡ
Ұһ㣬ȻϿʼսĿ
ЦʱҿƲסЦһһġ
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𾪵תͷľѾ۵ȴ޲˯⣬һƬ΢京Ц
һδ˵ͻȻһ߱ľ졣
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ⷬ⻰ϲµģӦһŰľ߿˳ӵɿȴЦʮá
ûʲô߸飬Ͼһ׼ȻˣܵĻ˰ɡֻҪ뵽ľ˵ıʣκǵ˶һµġ
ҹصӻǵȥͼݡ
ľüһƲˡ
ûԽԽ𾢣ϴط˯ȥˡ
Ȼҵι״ı˵ĳĬ

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ǸƷѾˣվŻָľݵʱ䣬ʲôأƷǷƷôλ
ľֻǳѰңʱʱ̵̿ļ以ͨʹԼ˼άңֻǸһʱȡǸƷļѡ
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һ⣬ʷʲô£ľŴ϶ԻȻոһֱɫƵضžԱ
Ҫʫô죿ǺǺЩͽɿľǺˣ԰ɣ
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֮ǰһİЪ˹˱
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µңǻûߣһ䡣
ӣˣһپյġ
һл㱵ģپĪӡֶû˼
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ֻľš
ѯȥĵص㣬ȥʱһƬҽǶԷն
վ
һûˡԽԽģҲؿŶԣΨһһ˿ɥһĿġ
ҪôǷޣľľګҪôľʵŤϿͼҵĿɥ
˳㻹ӣ˼·
ʶһ֪ϴεǲǱľŹңܹǰġ
һ߿ޱ߸ֽǮԼǰĻҵΪҷԷ޺ָܿ״̬ȰͶľ
ʱľУģͻȻǶѻҽһûոɾֳ˵һƤһС⡪ոջûеģͷ·Լǿ˻ҽ
һ룬һ˲˲ݴʧ
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ҵıɢ˲١
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նղɾ


31 
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֪ʫĸУ˫۾żῴͬһ򣬸һʱͻȡͬһƷļ䡪˭,˭ļͻᱻĶ顣
ÿһԼһģһƷԼֳɼ,ЩֳɵĸҲʼԷΪԼΨһһ
ǺѴ״̬ǽݻ̫,ӵ˼ʹϵնϣǰĿĵص;Ϊƶ⡣
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ûݳƷȣȻûӿ°ⶼ
˵ĲкʬĿͷľһš
ľˣ˭˵̬ĦԴģлԷһ˿ֵȻҧһ⳰Ц
ľĶǶˣԼҲǴĶ
գ֪ľֻΪԶţŶһ
ľɡܸߣҸߵö࣬·ûкһͬһɡɰԼߣŵˮƮմҵĶͷ
ʫľߵһһһֱڳҵˣĺġҲܺ£һֱڱ۸
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Ŷȷʵҳ˳ǣ޷˵ľ˵Ի·
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סɡɡһ㣬ľ޷ӦǴԼһ޹С׻ԷǶ񶾵Ĵ۸
һξ룬Ʈųž־ȥˡ
ľ˵NɇNɵ˵ͣ
ٴΰɡƣ˻ȥ
ҷˣֱӰɡùţ
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Բ𣬸ոձȫû˵ʲô
һ٣һ
漴ľ߶߶ЮĿбӣûľ˵˵𽥵ͷֱʧȥ
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ʫɡĺõ͡ľͷɡ֣صص˵ͷɶ㲻ɡ涥ͷ
ɡ汻ͷԲͻ
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Ϊƽʱɡͺܵͣԡ
ĬĬٸһ㣬ľȴʼɡĺ÷Ȼɡộ
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ͺҵĴͱŤزǴĬһ
еĽֵ˺٣ʪƯڿУɴ䣬ЬĻٵˮմʪЩ
ѧô졣ѧԶ˰ɡʱʧ
νľѧĵʫ㲻Ҫȥ
⻰˵ĸǰϹѧƵġ
ôܰûƾҪ㡣۵
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ֻһ㲻ᵱ£ܵż
˺ǰľֲ˵ˣȻͻȻֺֽУһʫʫɡֵˣ
Ѿ˺ܶ࣬ҲԾɡ£ͷٴα
֪ΪʲôЦҾЦˣɡ̧ߣѧϰƽʱһָ϶̫ˣ
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ľȴôãΪÿ仰ڿЦϸϸع۲죬ĿһһҵûЦûб飬Ī˵¶
ʫ㻹ǵһЦų
Ҷʱըëʲôԣǰ𣿣
аקӽҾʱ򡣡
һ˲ԼλʹرȵΪĬƬ̡
𣿲ǱȱȺȻˣðɡԺÿζҪӦŶ
ǳĵѱŵ
šľӦ
Ⱥʱɡ߶ȱɡøոպá
ĻͣЪϮԶʿУǻʧȥԱľҲͬչɵѻںֳ
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ľͻȻðʫ㲻߰ɣ
ƽˡ
ľ٣˼ǡʫ㲻Ҫߣߺ֮ࡣ
ң
޿̣ǿЦģ㷴ӦôãǱ𣡡
ľʱ뾪㵵״̬þòܻ񣬾Ҳ¶Թίı飬ûл졣
һ·϶ĵߣоҳǿ˲١


32 
֮,Ь棬ϴ˸裬ʱľɳ,һţ¶µĽһխ
ֻèƵġ
ϸļһ,ɫ鷢ɳ,۰˯ȥ˴˵İģ,ºżһ㡣
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߽ľźϸ΢,
ϴˡ
ûӦ
ġ
ľľѡ
û̧ۣͷλ,˳,ýҵѹڵ,᲻أϸ崥ɳʸзֱֱʡ
֮һ,ľ۾΢΢,ҹЦƽʱͬĻȴ޵ջԸС
ľʫ,Ҷ,ҪȥԷ
ңȥѹ,˾ˡ
Ҫһȥ
ҸҪȥ
Ϊ£
β,ֱ׳
ѹҵ,ģһèߣƣϴɵɫͷ˳Ŵ£Ʈϣľץס
ңſ
ľʫٳθԻỵģõ
ҺǺЦôûõ
ľΪҸ
Ҿͺ¡
ٵͷΣ˰̫ѨӦˣֻǲͣľһЦ⣺
ֳĬ룬оҪ˸Ǯ
ЩҶû⣬ľȥϴϴã·ˣڿ￴ӿŲ꣬ûпʼôžžĴ̨ϴڡ
Ҵһ£ľƳԹ꣬·ˡ
ؽ·˳
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֪ʱҼһľܵضڿԵ¹ľѹҸܰЩ·ľȥһҵڿ¹Ҳ
ľַȥңվڿſؿޱȵѱһһ
ľ꣬ľɿˣ
ֱⲻҵûв廰
Ҳû˵Щ·ҿͦÿġ
ľ߷ߵذ·ȫ˦ͰͰѲô·Ǳɱ·û
ѵǵԼ
ľЩԸˣҲҽҸ£ߵȥһſڵ˽׼
ӦЩ˽æѡߣȴֶİ̤ڸеһ˿벻ˬ
ľԼǶ·ȥӸˣ㣬ԽԶԽã
̽ͷһۣ¥µĳסˡ
ľһֽͰһԶ˶Էαװ˵˼ԷĺûȻžһţ˲ָޱ顣
·ûнֻôŽĽͽ͡
ܳţҴɡľûɡİõһſɡ˳ƽɡݸóֻ
˸ҷϢ
[֯ĩҪұҰһѧϰᣬҲɣѧϰˡ]
ҸҪܾ
[ұÿһ飬ٺٺ٣Ұ׳԰סŶ]
[лл룬ȥ]
˵ʱص㣬Ҽ£лջֻ
ȫԵʣҲҵͬѧ౾;ȥģͬѧҵʵ٣뻹ǽˡ
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һһֱľĲߣûעߵ·
ľҵ˽ĺܲ⣬˵ûòȻڱ·ʱϢ˭
һ仰Ϊ˵ңϾҪˣ˭֪˵Ϣˣʱ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ҳ֪ڲ·ɡû˭
Լ飬øˡ
ľȡֵһٵһҪңһʫͼıô죡϶ͼıɣ
Ůͬѧ
ŮҲһ
ļʺ޵ԡ

øľԼֹһıܿŭȴֱתעĿĵˡ
ѡĳԷĵţŵ꣬ССһһ¼ְʵ֡
ľһ˴޵ؿ˿ǿ񡣡
ɡſڣüۼ仹ŸոյԹԱǰľüëһϾҪ޴ŵŭڱϡ
Ƭ̣ǣס֣СƣһƬ
ľԭü׼Ա˷Ƣ˲΢΢Բۣ˴񣬰ҿĪЩ
ǿèåһֲ˼ġ
ҸɰͰͽ͵ǣֺɡ
šľص˵ͷȫȻû˸ոƢŭӡ
˿Ծڴ֮ͥΧˡ
Ա֪Լһ٣ǰޣλ롣
ҪɿʱľսˣӦָưı飬ͷһۣǴЦ˵ȭͷӲˡ
ҳ˳ǣѾ²ˣ
ţĺС˵ͦ࣬ײϴˮƣԶĮ̇ϣдβŲ֣ͬ滺ŵڲÿһ˶ٶõܶⶼ͵͵Ƴò޵ꡣ
ľݻطݣҲǲòĶ⣬Ǿ̸ֹֻҪ룬ԼһǼΪ淶ү
Ҳ󣬸߸ϵȻɡ
ҿľͼǣͬһߣæԼ¡
Ȼľˣ˳ҲˡУϾҸǮ
ʽĲƷʱܶҵĿζûԹֵĶֲ֪ϲģľþַأȻȻ֪
;ʦֻ̣̬Ȼûƽʱôֻվרҵĸλ
ʦΪ˴һͨʺƨľҲһ䣬ȻʦΪⵥ
ң
鷢չÿħã
ŵʱ껹δͣʪĿĴƮɢ
ľЦЦβŹӣʫ
ң
֣ʾǣϡ
Ұ־ܾˣ㻹Ҫɡ
ľɫ˲ſɡ
ǻȥ֮ľֳһˣ˵Ҫ¿·
ϲûл
ڶգЩԱר̽һţľҲһֻ֪ľѡ·ˡ
ͷԣˡ
ʰö׼ȥ˵ҵļ
Ⱦ۶ȼõһŮң˵ǰĬĬţֻͻȻһ鱬ˣѸϯѧ硣
ȾͬѧҪϣʰӣ鷿ڵļҾ߰ڷؼ򵥣ΨһСɳʽμ仪縻˼Ρ
˵Ҳ֣Ӿǰһڵסòˣ͵͵ܹУŹʹ¡
ȻӣбдƷ
ͨɳβͬĵطһ󲿷ֵĿƤʣֻпϰ벿ֺͷֵĵطȴǻĴУ˰֡
ʱˣҲɢζĿ˼άͨ
ڲܻˣǷ֨֨ϸ죬ҹҲϵΡ
ӵͬѧˣһºˡ롣
߳ȥ
鷿ڣ⾲Σִ뿿ĶˣɢϸƤӨӨ׹⡣
˵ĵص㣬һСķݣװ꾫еǰģеȴǸڰġ
ò˸к
ӻ˸ڰ໨ѽ棬㿴Ư
һͨЦˣӻû
ѽȷǰ໨ЦӯӯֻӼԴһϢ
ҶˡȻǳ˵ѣɻɣ뿴֮䵽ʲôϵɣ
м֯Ǹոպ٩໨ͻȻתңЦÿɰôû֣
ҵǰÿ˰ɡ
𣿲ǰϵҲ̫ʵˣ緹ǰȵģǿ
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ӣҲӵġ
κƯʦɷᵽ֮ΰɣ
Һ㡪
ӶͬѧǵĿ佱ʮָˣǿŶ
ڿĲ飬֮࣬ḻȴûһǳ¾ɵģȫµģŲһ·ûһ˻ҳ
˷ܵһһ
ߵߣ֯ҲȥŶлҳˣǴɨˡ
鲻ٿ𣿡
ǣҡҡͷڵԴӵõӾвϣҪһ෭ѧϰˣԶˡ
ҵͷ
ԶԶѽ˵ЦĻ棬ȴûˣֻǵȻ
İοҲ޴֣ЦŲʲôءҷ֡
ҶСǸҲͨ泩ζҾҲдЩǵƺˣҲᱬġ
ӵ۾ﴫݳ޵Ŀȡ
һδԴ˻ػͱŹȥ
ʣһˡȥȥ
ЩΧӲ뿪ס᣺ĺ㰡ʲô
Ħִ뿿ֱ¶õط֡
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йɳڲڶɢסҵ壬ܡ
鷿еľͷӣҲֱܷ
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һҲһ롣
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ðɡ
ܸоһĵĿˣڿһʹѰҹ۲ȴʲôûз֡
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һ㶣룺ǳ˰ɡȥɡ
á
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԰԰ѽǸһҵõҲҪһ
࣬һ˷̸ܵƯӣݾʱ˼ֹ
ȴȻ}ûţ߳鷿ǰͷһۡ
ԡ£ϸĲַ΢΢Ө׵Ĺ⣬Ư


33 
һǼմľ,һպһľˣ轫սڸ
ִϴǼѾûܾ,ЩҲ֧ǿǿһСա
ֱĳһգѰľ,һ̲ɫǣʲô,ͷҲֻмֱֱһأûʲôоֻɱĹһϲʲô
,㣬̫ˡΨмõ⡣
һħǣϵѪǲΡΡ·ס
޵ĲĿֻŸл͵͵ʲô֮Ĵʹľսվԭת,ܡһˣҲ
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ĲǲӬ󣬷۷һľʵذҲ͸ζ,Ϊһľûκθõļ,ʱһģһʡ
ż,˵ż,ۻܿǼ΢
ֱﱻһһľһȴתͳɽڽ繤ߵͬﰵＥһ飬صʱֱŶ,ִţŭͷԡ
ͻðһ뷨
Щ,һ,ҵı䣡
ϧ⼸Ƿֿ,Сֻܳ߷ֺͿһ֡
ͷһЩʺɳڲ
þһѧ֪ʶƳӣۼ
罻ȦͲУкܴһ㶼ûӴֻܸһٻùҰҡ
ȻȾӻˣԼҲǼϲǰƯҲýƽ̨࣬ľһг˺һͨͷ
ֻϲ󣬾һһ޵ؾ񿺷ܵ˯žӲЩֲ⣬ڲгʱܻġ
ʱȻԼſǴĸ¥λã˫Ŀزסֹľ壬һѪۡ
ָľ֮ϣ۵ĲӬ밹ǰʳ
OO@@ľĴ̶һҹ

ڿţЦӯӯضƷ쳢Լġ
̫ʦ
ʦҵĸʵ˿ܲ뿪ǰǩء
ʦһǲҲڼƻ˰ڴһṺ򣡡
ߴߴڣҷǳںϴڵظͼ䣬ȻĬĬг㣬ϡ
ȻѧϰᣬҪĵȻѧϰˡ
ڿ԰ѧϰþߡȻʼ졪Щ˵İ
ͷֻһдҵȻһӡǰӻǰδеĹעһ棬ͷ˺ܶ˵ġ
̫ϲǰˣĺƯ
Ҳǣȥ͸Ұ˵һҪһһģһģ
ҵ֪Ǹõˮʲô˵Ļû𣿡
Ҳǡ
ΪϲһֶƷͣȴ̽飬̽˶ӵ뷨һֱܡųзıܡ
ҺѧһУͷ챻ͺˡ
ȣһֵԡ
ϻܼȥ𣿺ȥһΡ
ӣȥ𣿡
šȥʡ
Ȼתһ¹ʽ
ˣӦˡǱ̫ãе㲻ˡô˵沿ҲЩԸƺӻ˸˷Χ
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Ͽɡ
󣬽ʽ߻ߣʦ÷ϡˣ⿪ˣ
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ӻ֮˸ӣݴ濴СȴǱһأܶࡣ
ĸŮ˯һͬϡ
Ҷ˯ǻûлԼһںڰķʵžŵžͻߡ

鷿ڡ
Ӱӵ޻ó
ʣ޻óû𣿡
ҡͷû£֪ΪʲôõɢĲϲͬһֱ󣬰޻ˡÿһʱҾͻѶ޻óóűˡ
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䷢ҵĿ֨֨죬ǲ֣ͣռϷ硣
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ݵطƤһһСȻѪȱڴ濩֨֨Ĺͷʶ˲Ծ
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䣬һֻ״ȻӱֳһһĴ򣬷·һ˳ſͼѳ
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Ҳ̲סֵؼС
ڳҵĽŲˤűҴҴ򿪵ȿֺ
أӶ鷿ĵţΪΨһ·ꡣ


ҰҹOO@@ѣԺ۾һ±Ƶطĸֻһš
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ϣ̫˶顣
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Ⱥľڰǽ΢͵״ֻһСط
û˵ýģʵڲ̤㡣
ҸӷϢ绰ûлظ
ˣһǱɡ
ԷǸһһ߹ķ䣬ˡ
ֻʣ鷿ûߣ鷿ӵԽߣ֪ΪΣһЩ·˾ʧƵ
˵ͣ½Ų
ΡΡó绰ˡ
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⣬п룬ѧţ˼Ҳǵֻ룬ҵֻ롣
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СĵߵɳǰѰңɳ֪ʲôط˺ãûע⣬ٿأһֻקסҵһˤɳϣû޻Ӳġ
ŵñ۾ԲԲԲϰǮ㣬ûƭѵĲֻ¼ûеģ
Ҿ鷢һһҵҽгڸǣõƬ׻ɳ˳
ɳڲȻһգҶһ㡣
ֻһõЦۣľǰϸؿЦɺܺõĻȡ
ʫʫõСŶ
ƿԣͽСˮžž£һڵϡҺϵģû
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żڵƹ°ûˡҵһ㶵صϡ

ľ̬ȹȻ̹̹Ҳ죬²űûӦһʱûع
ľ±ƵҶӣҵģ乴ңβļɨһ¡
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ڷӦһȭͷӿľžһɻɳ
סۣ֣ҿôû·ҵ۾
ĺ֮߳İ


34 
ҵȷոյŵӶ·,ֻס۾Դֻʣ¿ռӵĿϣûöҲʮ˻һ
Ҹоһֻסҵ,漴Թʫ,ʹŶ,Ϊʲôס۾뿴Ҷġ

ֱ,ҪڵסߵŲ,ܸоĺڿ
ֻצӰǿҵһ,ҵֱŲҲû۾
ҶȱԵλ,ûʲôĶ
Ҫ,սһֻС̤ϵ棬ָ,סҽյ
۰ײͫײֵıԵа͹еģϸָԲεıԵϸϸֺĦֱվԼäӸ
촩ϣ
ľƺ׸סͷ,һ,ֹСءСŶҲʺôֲ,ʫƤ϶˰
һôܺ찡סԼҪİɣΧϣ
Ƭ,ľɳվ,漴ǲϵĦ

еɡ
һ˫ֱͻأشҵļȻˣһ,¼ձƵӵ,ڻƤߵĸʧȥ⶯Ƭ,޹ǵֱ̫͡
֮,۵ĺڰֵֻܴܹӡ
ۣſ޹ۿڿе㷢̧۾ľͷҼ羱
ֱǰ
˵ˣء˵Ϊʲô
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һδԴ˷ľͼʫͿԡʱоһһСŶ
ң
ǹﾹȻл˵ľ㤸Ī˺ܶࡣ
ƿľǽϵڵǹ⡢ġ
أ洫һ졣
ҳ鷿Ĵȥ
ӺһЩͬѧߡ


˵
˵ʲô
¡
ҴʧɫѵǹȾɳ
԰ǻŮˣңҪɱңѡһ̵ķʽľԥؿ϶ҵĲ²⣬ʫҶ˵дĶֵÿ
ǡǱö㿪ǰҲľǰȻڿرڿ𽥿ȵɫʱĵİȫ״ڷԤ˲
ҵļҸϤֻʶ߹ĵطľһңĿɿڴؿߣһڰ֮أȻ򿪹ţЦȥɡ
ƿ԰ΣôôϤģ
ҲϤֻ˵ǸŮ˺Ķɷ򡣡
ҶȥŹرյһ˲䣬ҷ·ص˰༶ɱ¾һ̣ʼɪɪ΢΢Ĳš
ľ֪ȥʱѾ룬Ǽ·ıǩûвϹĻûüġ
ʵԱߡ
ܿ죬洫׷ĽŲгֵԼԼ͸ľ컨̽
ȥˣ
֪
ﶼҲ
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ǰֻɾȻӸҴ绰
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ǣһһȵ죬һ㣬ľܵ˻棬·ȼյĺɫŸȴġ
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ǰ·˺飬ѿѪһͷϡ
ľź⣬ɶ񡭡ҹ
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ϵʱľĸͬѧŤĴײץסǰͷѪѵ
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ٿأľڵϣ˫ĿɢҪİǿųͷͻȻ˫֣Լ˳֮кɫĽ˿ϡ
̱صڵأһĻ޴Ŀ־˿ܶ


Ϥļѹ˭֪ϱʧ޵ľͻȻ䣬ҶֻȻһͷײľİϣټϳʱľҵͷһγʧȥʶ

ӵļˣ漴Ŀѡ
أԶľ
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35 
ʵռϸҰ
һ,̫ƽʬע븻ѪҺ48Сʱ׸
ѪҺǷԸٶӰ죿
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ģһ,ڷ,ò,ü˼䴫ݳϢȴܷ,˵Ǽ߹Թƻ,ǰֵַºˡ
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ľ˶٣ǳֱ׳˵ʳá


36 
Ҷķ˦Ϊÿɷ,ֲ˷ʳֻһһڳȥ
ľҳԵüѣ塣
һûעó,һʿ
ľһưָָɻң,ԵЩײˡ
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ң


37 
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ݴڶȻ죬ڴ̼Ȼһֱֻ̱ۣѪ߰ߣмһʧȥ˹ͷʣ⣬Ƥȥ
վһֻŤĽڲݴ˼͵˹ŤŤʬ壬֫䲻ȻͷҲһٰʮת󣬿ɲ
˼ֱ̧֡۸ɱȥƤѾһѸٻָס̫ѨŤ
꣬ꡣ
ԴһתŪһȦȦ壬˵Ľףżһת˼Ȧ
˻ʧƤ±ù⻬곹׻ָɹģ
ĮΧ
ҽԺʱǸƷûͬʱˣҽԺ˰ʫһֱΪֻһ[ľ]
Ȼ;Ǹҽɱ
ľԶڰı
ͥŲڱ𣬲ѡһӴıľš
һޱ߷˿ţľ˲䣬ݶȻһ䡣
׼װһģľ״ҲѸ״𴽽ǣⲻϸҰҽ𣿡
ɫϸҰĿյ֮
ϸҰ૵ٲȻħ
ϸҰҽ̫ˣôԴǸƷŶֻҪһнǮ׸ҡľ¶˷ܵЦ⣬ңұҪһ
ϸҰ֪[]֮ҲҪĸʵ壬ֻҪרעĿǰһͿԡ
˵ħһĸŸͿԣ
ϸҰԹŤĹոһյò˵ʧȥʵȤ̰ģ߶ҪӵС
κˡǰΣܻΪū
ջ۵Ķʵ帻ǼҲһֱɢħԲĲϵӰ죬Щ״ݻϸҰ־
ԣôûܹо긻ûܹ״ݻٸ
ֻҪͻᱻ񣬴ӶݻԼԭ貶Ŀͼᶨޱȵ־
۸ò񣬲۸Ǻ̬
ڷ꺬Цš
̽ӽǣܿرյķŵķ϶ڣ԰һ̬߸ϵվԭأǸݵ˸ͽһµų̬
ŻϣסŴײ졣

ڶ죬ճȥѧУľһǰһ˽ȥ
˼ˣӻڡ
㱣ƺ⣬¿ʱҺ˺
ŲŴ˵֯ԭҪɱҵġɱһˡҲѵġ
ǣӶ̫Ѿλ˫յλóֻصݣǸɲĳ
Ƭ̣ͫη壬ǰŵ걳Ӱľһڰ༶绽꣬ƺƼӣ¶һĨƽЦ⡣
ɻôˣ
û¡ҲڣܿԶңԼһŰԷ
üе㵣ģǵһڿΣ֪뵽ʲôľ
ȥʳó극ѧУʳ
֣һ飬ߡײʲôֳĲԼģ
ǰǽѧ¥棬Ӿִٵվľǰһ͡
׼ˡ
Ǹ˵;
вңľЦ
ˣľͬѧֻҪһģѽһᱻԵתֻҪͺãȻȻҾͻǼ˵ȥ¶ִŵĳ
棿˭Ǹ۹Ǻ㱾һءľ˶Էв뵽ʲôܸȤӦˣɫӳŮ˷ڴŤݣǺЦð
ұľЩæ߳˷Χ
оڷһ顣
Ҫӣȴˡ
ֻøһѵĶţҪǸˣҪ¡
˭֪ظĶŲִԲ򣬻˵һ١
[֯ıԵˣôܶҵ鰡]
ң
һƵġ
ľӦסطǲûڷѧ֮ˡ
ƺ֪ڵģĳʱҼۣȼַŭ
۾в£ҪȻʦɡʲôܰæģ
ãҵȻԼ
Ȼ˵ˣҵʻʵϨ˻ҶӰΣ֮ǰƿ
˼죬۲һ飬ڰѽûľĺۼ
һ֮̽ǻϿڼ䣬ɫس༶˵ľͼסľĲ
̫Ъ˹ӵɵÿҪĳۿ㣡㹴ˣ
ܿ챻¡
ľĵӣüһ죬һۣ˵ʲôءֻǿŲ̽ΣκγĻû˵Ŷʿصľ졣ֻƽʺ˼䡭
¶˵ɫǣҰ㿴һ˰ƣҽǸ˵˼仰¶⸱̬ŮˣӦöҸмŶԣ
ǰӣ϶ܲջ󣡲ظ£
԰ԩˣ
ӱ˳ȥִΪľĴıţǸﰡѣ
ûš
ʱͻȻףͷβûбвɹΪʲô
¥ݼ亰Ļˣеɻ
Īľܷѣɶ벻סοҲûзһϵľŪ庬塣
ѵǷ֫壿ֲмˣԷѳֱۣҲһֽװ汾ɡ
ľܣʮԾûóȻʡ
ԼԼ͸¶ӵŪȴδΪľȷǰ˵ģֻǺ˵˼ͨͨĻѡ
ķ粨ѸƽϢһܣʦҸȥѧϰϵʱŲ˵˼䰲οĻӱط˼䣬еˣϾһѡȻǹϵҲûôãͨѰɡ
ֻðֱܿԼĸ顣
ǵĸ鱾Ͳص༶Ͷѧϰͻָˡ
̫ϲһ˻ôĿȫһ᲻ˡ
ٻʱѾָǰĮȻദ״̬ջضĸ飬޲
ĳշѧֵ´ɨ
ڴҵĴʱ棬һ¶iЦϦ͸ֹƻ
Ǿϲ
ңǾš˭ȥġ
鰡ʫľվһʰңȻŶˣҲ˰ʫ
ʲô
㿴һ˰һ㱻ƭô죿ǸŮˣͲѰ
һ̬
סˣʲô£Ҫ̽ҵĽȦġ
ľסˣƺȫû뵽⸱Ӧ
Ϊϰˡ˵ı߽½˲һҲᡣ
ûӹ׼뿪
ʫһԽҡ
еˣûд
ʫľֽһ
һû¥ݡ
ľȻԣƽʱǺܻῴɫģңûǿס
ʫ
ʫʫ
ʫô
ҷˣͣ½ŲԺҪ飬ܲӶҸ˼ʲôҹܲţ㲻ܴиҵ˼߸Ͼҵ飬ҵ֪İɣһĴʽ̫ңһ˵ġҪе𣿡ȻһҲûˡ
Ȼв⣬֪ĴҲûΪĸı˼ֻǹ㲻˵ΪҲЩ顣
ζԴˣ飬ΪҺõԴиˡǵСҲǻġ
ˣ
֤ѰҲҪ̹УýȥġҲ̽ܣҲҪһеظҰҲǵָ£ѾҷָֿԺ顣
ľɻˣһ٣˸˵
Ǳв飬ҲôǱжģ֤ѵ˼ַĻһеѹģΪΪҡʲôû
ľ⣬ڵϸҵ飬·ͼҵ顣
޷Ϊ⳰ЦҲܽܰ
һܶ˵ˣر࣬Ҫ
뿪󣬶ľȻѿίɫ¡
ȴ쳣û


38 
ͬ˵,ûľ
ǱͲʲô˵ڷѧ󡪡ѧУĳһҵദʱ,ؽ
ٴ˦ӬһɢȺǰ˵Ŀбӵӹ
ʫľŭ
Ҳûͣ½Ųŭˡ
ľԴЩŲˬ򼵶ʶ۸Լ˵ķʽ,Լġ,ĸؽ˱
ǳС,,ϲˡʹ಻
Ҳ֪ľֶʲô,˵Ǳ˳Ե洦ɼĳ桪ļٵģ
˰ˮϣ˶ʼɵѪ,ķǽԷס,öԷ¶ĵĳ
׷ѡӲ̵ķʽ
ľҲ,û˵ʱԹ,Χֻ֪ԭԸĸһЩ֪Եɡ
οԵĳɼλͬѧע²ȱ©,˵Ĳ̫,˵ҪŬˡѧУͳΪ޵һһӻﻥҲοԺУһ
ʦڽ̨߶߶˵ʱľ˲Ȼŷɡ
ÿ˵϶д͸ͬѧһ顱ǿΡ
ʦ΢ɲرĿһ˲ڱ˲֮ǰ˲ָװģɼ,ɤӡ
ڲϽڿεıʼ,ʱһֱд,ҪϢʱҲ̧ͷ
ʦƺϸͼڼзҳһ򿿽ʵѡ
ϧû˲ϲ༶񸻽ģѱ޳
ѡƬ̣Ǿ͡һ͵һɡӡ
䣬ľ˶ŤͷңŵĶۡ
̼亹ֱð
ԣʦΪҲϲľǶԵġ
ҲΪľңԴǶԴÿһ΢ĸӡס
룬˵ע£Źƫͷһۣ⳯һûұ¶˵΢΢üȻתȥ
˵ˣʲôʲôƾϲµľͬѧδԴ˷ʲôۡ
Ĭһ
ڿѰƵͷҵ
¿һ죬̸ʦ칫ңʦҲľͬѧһ顣
Ϊʲô
һȥˣһֱӲʦ˵κ˺ƤĻڲò˵ˣ
ҹ˵Ϊڸľͬѧ
ѾԤ뵽ʦ˵һЩͬѧҪгദĳ滰
Ȼ¶΢οЦݣҷ˾衣
ͦõġ֪ˣȥɡ
ң
ǡʦ㡭ɶʲô
ʦҲľĳߣû뵽ͬѧĳһ
㱵һܶľͬѧṩκѧϰϵİҲʦ
Ҳ
ʦЦȻˣ֯ͬѧ
ҳ׳Ĭˣ
ӲҲľͬѧһ顣
ʦĻ֯ˣȥɡ

Ƶ߳칫ңһǽԣΧӵ쳣ˣɫ䵭űظķлӳüı顣
֯δ˵һ˱ŭغö
˸Ҫ˵ĻͱһţߵúܺݣͷȻײ˴ש˵һ졣
һƬ
ҲҶ˵µʺѪҺڨڨ˻ԭء
ҺµûüͶȻɢ
ľûпңɫѿַߺޣŭ֮Ե쳣ʻ
ҿһۣ򴽣һԣҲĻˣȺ˿ͲǣҳĬŤͷȥ
䴦˴󶯸λ춯ŭһŷƺߵʹ
ҿ첽뿪

ΪľӶԱܵǰδеĹע
޵Ŀܻԣһûü裬ľȲ̼䱻ŭ
עЩͼעĿɶߵè߹ԡ
ҰŬСڸедҵʱľڰϴм˵ĿƷ黩һء
ң
Ҳ׷ʲôЩ׷ְˡ
һЩ޵Ŀʧľȫȥ
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ľȫ޼ɵվڵذϻĦ
˵ؾֱҵĿԡ
Ѿû˵һ仰
ľƫͷ𴦣ϲޱ飬ģҲߴ١
Ͱվš
žûһ˵⼸ľ粻ٶûв۵˻óȻڡ
ʰöһ˵Ķӵͷƹľ߳ҡ
ɫһ˲˶٣ֹԹԳĬظ
ѧУĶңĿбӣľʲôɡҲѧ˷˫ʱ䡣
˭˵Ҳѧˣľէһ㶣ӦߵԱߣ٣ʾҪԻ
û˵ˣ첽š
ľ˻ʼįؼ˵ʫȻǲң
û
Ϊʲôң
Ĭ
ʫʫʫʫеسһֱ
ұ飬С
ľʶϡ
ܵĶſʱ΢΢ֳ糺죬˶ķӦ
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ң
ĺðɣ
ľȻ֮ܲǰ״̬һҾȵġŲϲӡѵ桭ϵԼ״̬
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Ϊʲôˣ
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ȷǴ
Ҫͣ־ϴǷû⣬ôͶǲõˡ
ľ˼άܾڲͬͼó˽Ƕ˵ǲܵġ
ейˣҡҡͷ׼ҵ
ΪʲôľҰΣȻùƽһ̶ˮ͸κιߣŨɫʵֱӵһ̣쳣̵¶
Ϊʲôʫ
ûпֻǾͻȻƽ˲٣˼룬ľȻվ˳ȥ
뵽ͣһּд֡
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ֹţһԱߣɫ棬һҵ
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ɫͫף޿ɾҩˮȴ͸档
ŷһѷĵ
˵Щҵˣŭð취ɱҡȻҺЩˡͬᱨȥʫͿԡ
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ͷiǿĽȾۡ
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ӵĺ£ǿͰ͵ίˡ
Ի·ڳ˵ľƹˤֻҪ֪Ҿͻ᲻ˡ𣿡
ţܡһ˽ľͶòٶˡ
ҪκɣֻҪԼ˾ŭ˵ֱˡ
ѵԺҪˡͼ˵
ðɣľһӦҪôںͺˣ
вҪɱˣˣ
һ˵žžવؿޣոǿԴִľٶŵһ£ǰɱԵӲקĿ´һܡ
ǿװ۾ľգգۣδɵĽմᣬҰѵˤڵϣš
ľ˼̧ۣԼ۵Ѿûпˣ˵ûбݺۼʵһԭµԤףҲȥĮȻˣȻᣬϲϷġԶ棬
֣ʪָʪ⡣
ΪҪҲᣬû
ľҲˣϱ˵ɫܿʧõЦȣԵʮָѡ
ָĦҵҵۣҲòۣľָƣҵıǼ⡣
ġ
ңȻˣΪ޹
ͺ֮رҪഥƵģ뿪˱ȫס
ľͷҾ磬һҲ˾ָ̻״̬ʫȻпҵģ
ֲˮҸ㰡ȨˣϾߵȷΧɱ˷˼άʽ
Ȼǲϰ߰
ľˬغ⽫ʪȫҵĲȻҺЩҪɱҵˡҲΪǣɱҡ뱣ҾΪĿڲͬĴɱҵģЩɱҵģҸеġ
ʫﲻиҡôôˬء
һ仰һģһֻè¶ƤðŹ๾
סˣϵ
ӻ˰ɡ


39 
ͺ֮,ȻǼѧϰˣһûиϰꡣ
ľһűݳıı飬ȻҲ,˼һʷ⡣
еˡҲûдصʷα
ľĬƬ̣ͷſϣƯĺңںڵķɢڰɫ,˿뵽
겻ʼįҪŪע⵽ƵģֲҶ̫,ĵضȥϥײҵȡ
˻ȥȻײһ¡
˦˦еоı,д
ľûӦҵרעʮָߣΪû,һҰڷϵ,˷
ʫ,ʫдľ˴ҡ
ңǹα԰ǦʣдС
ľ¶鷳ı飬е㲻,·ҵҪֱǲȡ֡
ҽǦʺƤݸٴͶ뵽ϰ
һʱСѧϰֻбʼ৵,ľ,ؾȻ,Ҳû
бССĴ,ɫϦӳҵĿαϣҲֹͣд֣˸չ塣
һͷͶľĿ⣬ſڱϵӣɫӳϦĳɫԣڽԾ쵵ůҲȾЩɫ
ı鴿ȻƺעҵĶҲ֪ˡ
ң۰Ҹȥְˡ
ţľգգ۾ع񣬡ʫôҪҪˣ
ҳţһһʰҲѹڱµĹѹסߵģҵľɿ
ұ׼뿪˳㻹ѵϵĵľҪˣҾͷʧ촦ľͻȻ뵽ʲô⣬˵ʫѣǵԼɣҪȥˣ
ܴΧԱͶԼԼסעûз˵ʲô
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ľʶסҲͣ¡
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ÿһζ̾ľƭʱģʵǺÿưӲ΢Ǹ̬Ǳۿ㣬ȴ̵ʹ̬ȡ
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Ҫң
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˼ְص㡪ʵҲûʲôսĹһСʱУæżڲ淢
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·ʱĪĵ곤һ䡣
㣡벻Ǯ̵ţ𣡽첻һ֤͵С
·ˣ̡

ʫﾡְſڲԶʱڣ곤ȴյɫеŭߵǰ̨Աֹ˼䡣
곤ôˣ
ų˰ɣҪ˵곤Ƣô꣬ųʱضӡ
𣿡
ǵġ
ȴߵĺţȼһ̣ڰüЩ
ԭǷָأԾӪŵ꣬ĳһܲáϵϵһʱ䣬ҲǶʱ䣬һһиӡ
һ죬һɱǧʬǸˡҲǺȪԾʬУӲŻħһȴѳ졭Ҳɡ
ȴЦ
ϾǸ˭ҲϣǸŮ˾Ǯˡ
֪ǻ飬û˸飬ӣ쳣˳ǲƲ׶࣬ڲɹ
ǸŮڹ񲣬˺þøʬ壬òײŷǰЩӻصӪĵĳС
ȻŵСһλ꣬ŸãǺÿòۣµ룬һĿ⡣
ȴҲһ˲
ͣ½ŲƮƮؿһۣЦѵǵ곤
ǡ˭
ңǸ

֪ǸȥòͬѾ㹻ƢǨŭ
ľȴȻѪ۾Ӷ̽ͷƺź棬ѻż
ľ̾˿ǣܵĵ곤ˡ㿴Щżడ
ʲô£ȴŭ
ȷҵ£ľƳˣǵЦ޾ĳ⣬ոӣֱʧߵΪķŭܲðɣΪĲ̫ѳˣѳԣôأ֪ˣһʳʲôÿϡ԰ɣǶ񶾵ĳ
ȴһں˵ʲô
˵ʵԶһСѣľȴִܴ󣬲һ˿ǵֹ
ȴӰбȷŹһЩģ㲻ʲô
ŹرգľЦô㣡ã͵ŵͷɣ
ԣ貵飬ȴ۵ײתתħ޵
ȴҪһ٣֪ΪΣ׳ֲʹƵģײӼһǡ

Ķͷͷ̿ɲȥӻض˶һʧȥѪ飬
ͷǼԼԴʺ
ȴУȻӵʬڵء
ô졭ô죡Ҳһ鿴ô죡
ȴ鼱֮£򿪺š
ɢһصż
Ҵع꣬Ҳְˣ˽ĹǮܡ
һȥǷ㣬λȴһˣһ˶ûС
С㣬ʲôˣҵżƵġ
ѽǵںŸ˳ˡԸ˵ֻѽǮңȥɣѽ
ðɡ
ҸҪңͷ󺹵ĵʹһԵ߳Ų·Ҷûпߵ죡Ъҵ߶ߣ

Ա⣬ֻΪ곤ˣϾ˵
ڻѵżҲ
żడҪֱӺﶼǷϵż鷳ˡ
û¡һǺɵֽ˲
֪·ˡ
ȥ곤֪ȥƺȥԶĳʲôҲû뵽ȥţϾŵģһ㲻йԱ°ȥ
ұŴżߵţѻ˺ܶ¾ɵż
ҰɢҵżĸһѣҪһͷŹȥԭӦǷֿӷֱͻȻ̧סԼżͷѵ
ҿˣ
ŵ֣һƨڵϡ
Ӧû˵ӷװˣʫ
ľ
ϾҪ໺أ˿
ľأҪΪʹ곤Ҫˣ
ҰͷΣľƴסԼżͷҰε
һ£ʫ
ҵĴûζһƨˤڵϡ
ľĬƬ̣Ťû°ɡҵĴŶŶҪҡ
Ȼˣѵ
ûľΪȻ
ң
ľǽߣƺҲŷ֣Ҫʲôܶˡ
óżǸɫ治ɾʳһ࣡
ľѻԹһʱˡ
һľȲѵͷ
Ѫһôˣ
ľ࣬żߵһߣ¶ίɫΪǸ곤ʳΥĶִԣ϶ɱˣˣ˵ûиġҲɣ
˵֤һСĿһۣСֹ
ȻˡҲôСġ
ҰɾЩѪľ֧Ҳߺģ߲ˣԼƫƫͷҲһߣʱίġʹʫ
Ҳ²˿ڿѾˣĶͷ⻬һƬֻѪûκ˿ڣʵ㵽ôģСʱŪˡ
Ǹ곤ġ
ǵñɣҲ֪ûмء˿û취ȥҽԺ˵֤ˡ
áҲϲ;򽻵ʫҲҪ
ɡ
δ䣬䴦곤֣㵵ؿľĿѡ
㡭ôܣ
ұɫסڲľ°͵һľ˳קסҵ֣ȾѪֽӶӵ
һ벻ӡ
곤
һ·ҵԱһ˹ɻʡ
ûʲô곤ֹߺ޵صľһۡ
ľϿˡ
ܵҵ֣ľھָȾĺɫקҵ֣ɺ࣬Ҫɾ
æֹﰡ
ŪɾһҪʣ
ϴͺ˰
ҪһɾأľʵڲЭһεðɣʫԼҲԡ
˵¶е㼵ʵɫ
û°ɣ
ܰѪ棬رʫߣһʫѪŪطô죿ϿԣһأĻҺѪҺϴľζ˵΢΢һУʫҲôһѪ
ìܵ¶ȼ˷ܵ顣
ҸɴûĶûµġ
ˡľԹԵһСֹ
ҪôյҪôͱȫʫ桪ЩһˡҾǿҵѪҵĶ
ȫûߴֹʲô߲ߡʲôء
ɫߵҼһ谵¥ݼ䣬ľͻȻʹչҪɾϲѪǻ˵Ѫϴ
һͱץס֣ȵָһĲˣҶûӦˡ

ҷŭشһȭصҵһ¾ǰĸоϴɾ
ȫ㲻ڸʲô


40 
һƽһȥ,ѧУûʲô仯ľҲԺ֣ѧУһӦʮ,ż,Ȼֿ,֪ľľסַڱ仯šԼ˵ǷӶ࣬ɶ
ĩһ,,ʰ˷ӵϼҴһ,һԺﳤԺʰˡ
صϤĵط,ϵķݰԭأ΢΢ĺԶַھӵ̸ÿ䡣
ۻʰ귿ݺԺ,ԺҴѧ˻߹˾Ͱȥ
ڲСڲԼˣױӣΣ̫,ϼҲһܵĵط
ݵСϷǽڴЦ,߳,ſϢҸ˵ѽ֯ʰӰպиʲôǰѯ,ʵˡ,˾Լ˵ɡ
Ļ,ķ߳һ,Ƶ,ʳþ˪Ĵݣָſǰɷݸ̣ͫɫʱ˸ӡ
ʶ
Ǹ˵ľƵı
ǰǧҶؾڵ˽̽
ԥƬ̴Ӧˣ̷ǳ飬֪һ˲㣬ҺǸɹ·
ѽǰٽ컹Ұ򣬰ˮˣҸлʲô
ЦЦͱһţֻʣҺǸۡ
ڰ£û£š°ɡ
һ٣棺
˵ĬؽͷϨ𣬻ɢ̻ҸһĨζҲ
ҳľͬѧûϴˮǼ¿ܿˡ
˵һ뷢¹ľܣͲδԡ
ЩӰıˡνˡˣӵг֮ģľû̹ԣҲͱصܣһǲҪóȻ˵ˡ
Ƕ̽ľһ£ҵеĲԤףоԾҼεľҪصܣҲòĺȥ
˰ȶ̬ºģҪһ㣬Ŀǰûɱ⣬вңұм⡪رǺ˵ְĵĴ
ԴʱΨһ׽ҵˣܶȷŴҲʲô¡
Ҳ֪ľʲôʱ壬
ҲûʲôԲ£ԺˣҲôɣ
֪ˡ۲֪ΪΣɫ̺޷ķҵ۾临ӣƬ֮òƿ
һЩƽ⣬;ǵĻҲԽԽճĿԳɼҲòԹһĽ
Ϊ˽̽۾һЩһѾίա
ֳ׽顢ҹ׽顢׽顣
ץСץСġץСx
ң
Ȼֹ֣۵ҴְʱѾԤ뵽ڵˡǸӲݲݽ᰸Ϊ˼ҪĴҲˡ
ͦĵġҿ
۷ҡͷҲΪʲôΡֻͻȻոһյ̫պóһʮָȤ£ԶĿ꣬ǰƴĶˣҲڡ
Ǿͺá
㿴ͦСġ
ϾǸ
ǺӰð𡪡ᣬҲʲôִ壬ֻίнӶˣ̸ܾ̫ס
û
ûԸӡݻأͻȻ赭дǼȻһ㣬ûаĿƵġ
Ҳɵ˳˼һ£²ۣ˭Ǳɵİ
Ҳǡ
ƺܹעҵճ˺ܶཨ顣
ҵĵ绰ϴߵ̫æԲסһֽݸңʲôܽ顪ûǮҡнл֣ģǸһŮӣѧһᾡһЩ
лл¡
ʵĵĴ˲ټֻҺѡ
һǷֿ
۴ǰʼ׷١ࡣ
һֹֻҪԼΣ̶ȡ
ȻĿǰΪֹֻҪǸĵطһȷѪꡢִϣһ󵽵ĸʡߺޡԹṵ̆ȻʩŰһеԴͷնɱ
һֱѰһһֻ粻Ϣ㣬ãã˺һȷеǶôףÿϵʱΪڵһЩ䶯Ÿݱ¼жϳæǰʬ嶼û
Ѿռ˺ܶϢ֪˸ĺܶܡ
ԭΪǴҲһ
޹ȻѰҡ
֪Ǹѧľ֮δ뿪ԭѧУʱ򣬱ۼǾ㵵ͷԼָͷ޷Ӧ
ôأôأ
ǸôܸıԼʽҪҲǻһطǱػȥµؼϿΡ
Ҫʲô
󣬱һ飬˵ξȻ˻ĸ
һŮߣǳϵĸѱı顣
ǷƢҲŹ
ﰮˡ֮
ۺĲ֪Щʲôˡ
Ϊӳĳˣһۿ͸֮ìܡ
һӵв֪İΪԼϲЩռ࣬ʵǸࡢƫִĴڡ
һµСΧˣǺܻľԵͣȱ̽ĵͬʱΨһ׽˵ݣԲŻھôԺܹƽĶԴľ
ǲ
Ҫһ˫Ҫıܶණ˭ı࣬ģʽʲôǾͿ˭ĸˡ
ǣĿǰΪֹòǸö࣬˵İ鲻ɱǹǰҲŨңе鶼һˣɶ˻̶ҪקÿһմȾķ
ÿһѪҺÿһ⡢ÿһǣִŵؿ
Цһֻ컯ŪˣҲδõİ취İɡ
һصԭļңڶȥֳ򹤡ûǴż
һֱվ磬ȡͷϢȵûȷ硣
ͷ̫ǺȣܲסżƣҶˡ
һ֧Ĩζıܳǰϵֹǽڷְ覣Ŀ
Ŷ˵
ƣѣӹ˼ڡ
ľѼñһף󿪣һ׻ȥһ¶˿żȺÿִŲǵϢ
ɫȷܲвݮζıܣ¶ζ
Ҽڳ꣬Ҫ
ľǰһ̰Լıܵݹ
ҾܾԹĲҪ

Ҽֻۣȥܳ
Ҷͷߵķˮʪ
һҾ͸Ϲϰ࣬Լһ磬˹Ǯֳһ硣
ҸЩʱľĲɣΧѾżֱ治٣վԭؿƬ̣ľֱҡ
ûдҵ۾ƣͷңתһȦñᡣ
⡭
ʫɣͻȻȷˣȻܵ򹤣̫ˣ
һֱû˵ңôȷϵİ
ľڵļİҲʶ𣿡
ǿȥɣѾùˣ

Ҫˣ߿ľ˸ߣӲŵζʮŨ
һƱǸġ
ȻҾͼַľҲһɫġ
ڴ򹤣뿪ԼȥҲɣԱ˯ɫɫźһ󴦡
һŤͷһҲͻȻվϣȻѡ˸λ˯
ң
ڸľȥܳڶܣ̱ʵǲ붯
ľܵݸң֪˵ı۵£ʣʫǸ̽˵ʲô
ҲԱҽΪеɻľˣ˵һЩճʻܾñζͦעġѵǿһ̫ı
ߣ϶Ҫʹĵֶι㣡
ľĻɻҵͣ
ľץ˰ѱըˣҾ˵˲ģŲʲôΪְ̽ʲôΥ±˰ɣһǵģǸ塭
˵ĩβ۾Ⱦ裬ľս·һҪʹɱǸ塣
ľһ٣ָƽ˵ʫش𣿡
شˡ
ҲܾԼȻһȾ˵ˣֻǰһͷѡ
ʱҿҪ̵߳ţعͷ΢ƵЦ⡣
Ī˵ˣʵϣҲΪҵȹһ͡
Ŷô˵Ȼؽȥ
ΪҪǸˣһΪģССƫΪҹȥ͵ĸԸطԼĹȥңԼԵİңԼİҡ
ңḶȵİ⣬û취̵ذһˣȻˣһᰮֻϣҵİҪǸڴǰ£ɻôңת
Ȼˣǰ뵽һʱѾδĻûʲô뷨ˡǹϰɡ
۳Ƭ̣ԭˣҪģǾԵƫʲôǴɢľͬ㲻Ҫһֱһ𣬶Գ˵ȷ
ЦǹĻ׾ˣϾͨ˵İô׷ϣҲȲȫõġǰĻڼ֯˵ҲһͻԵİɡ
ɣҾ֪
ҲͯĲӣ˵޺ӣҶܹһӵˣм̵Ҫ
һҪһֱңȴһֱ
ϣԷұҰ
Ҳ˵ˣδʵֵĿԣһϣô˽ô顣
ҲûҪǱҶˡ
רѧϰ׬Ǯɡ
ĳ֡
Ů񲻻˵˵
һḶ޴Ĵۡ

Ҷľ˵꣬ãǲǺ˽оڳˣȻҲ֪ܵİɡ
ľҵĻ쳣棬浽ˣҵ֣ʫ̫˽ˡ
ˣ
ᣬʶͼһľߵǸɵϰ
ôȻ飡ʫ㾹ȻʩԷһ⣬ǡľϷһжᣬҵֱϣҼƤˡ
ǺܿõƷʲУʫҲУ
Ҫ˵ӦһҪ
ľ˵˵ͻȻʶʲô֪ؿʼռʣŶȻˣӦòڵİɡҲˡʫ㲻ҵİɣҿѰ
ôﰡ
ľûֹ˶ʼɵţһ뵽ܻʫİ̲סð޵ɱ⡪ŶȻԷôʫ︶ǶӦõģǲģǲģ䲻ʫһСİġ
ҿڰƣ˿
ľŵ治֪ʲô֪ɫѿоɱˡ
ͻȻʶ
ţͣľǾ
ľһ鶼ø˾ͻ׷Ըһס
ٻͨһˣľȫá
ҳĬˣ׳Ĭˡ

Ϣ꣬ȥ˾ĹĿ
ľ˼άȻͬˣһֱԽԽߺޡ
ҵСҲôЩߣοûnpcЩ߻緢֮ǰæġ
Ҳô¡
İϱֺƹ⣬ôô˰ʱҲûô˰
վխͨ΢΢Ե쳣ĵߣ˫߲ˡ
˻ϷҪһѱסңÿֲ
Ҳһѻرס˵㡭Ƚȥ
ľƺϸҼۣðɡ
ȫ̱ߣľĲ£رͷµļٷ
Ӷ̫ˣ
ұ۽ӻͼתע𡭡绹һĻҳ
ǿǿаɡ
ľϴмŵ㣬ϸȴ͸õζ˻ھƳ֣ܵԡ
ǰ滹һ£ߵúܿ죬Цģ
ľȻֹͣ˽ŲǶҲʧڹսǴ
ɻ̧ͷۿ
ľڻ谵˫ɫ۾Ũ缫µĺڰ
֪ҶãȻ̽Եѧϰһ㣬Ҳ±һǡ
𾪵ѿ
ľ˼Ƭ̣˳⣬ϲ
̰չ벻֪߳ܵ׸顣
Ҷ˼ڣæֹ
ľûܾ·ֻҪϵĲλ׵øˣҵĴһǣԼһʪȵۡ
֮߳ģµȴʮһһ£ͨ˵⣬ܿ콫ĵָڶ˸顣
ҪҵҾҪõ
ȻҲûΪҵǵĻ
ҵҲǣϾѾӦ˽ǲ̫ˣ
ˣһ뵽ľ飬ȫغǺǡ
ҵ󴦣ϸϸѪƤ⣬ţһ˲·ҵѪⶼܵĴС
ǹõζ㱼ưסҵȫƻ


41 
ʵڻ,λܻһЩֵֹζľͲᡣ
ڿζȻģһ
ͱΪŪʧȥ˿־,ɵںڰϸ۲΢ŵĿǻ
Сһһһ󴦣ܿɫʮŨصĺ,żɫ
΢΢ıһϡĴ,۾һ㱡ˮԵƤ̼𵭵ĺ,һļƤʱˡ
æ,ǿȥ
ľջ,ֱѹϣʫ,ú,ú¡
һ,װװ𣿣
ҳһЩࡣ
ЩС˵ǾȵĲԭġһжҪȡڶԷļľֻ֣ڲ뻷ΧɵȻܵŪЧ
Ҳа˼ڰֵĸоͬʱҲ˹ϵľ
һξ޲ޱġ
ߵڣһȥһƷʵ,Ҫ̼ء
ƷĶһЩżļ۸߳ľһۣǶԴ˵۵ƷȤ
ȴԾͣһ롣
,ȴϲֿƷ,۸
𽥱,һȵʱ,ӽ죬Ҳůȡ
һûֳʢҪȥԼȥ
ľѾʼЩȤɫ˯ʧȥ˻ĵš
ԣ˶٣ǻȥ̳ʫһЩ·Ҳ򣡡
ҼᶨҡͷҪȥԼȥټ
ľ᲻ѣЩʩֲҷֿҪǰնԴ˵̬ȣͲмˣܻϸǮ
˳ɽľߵĸɴ࣬ӶûӦŲѾಽظš
ĩβڵĿԽԽ࣬ųˡSͣС
˷ܵصȴľųĶֱһһֿۣǰĶ顪Щ˷Ѽñµĳ࣬סػͷ
ȻĸԸλǡ
һŶӣӺ뿪ľȴɫصݸһƱҪŶʫŶӺ鷳

ҽӹһ
óֳרͨƱ׳ֻҪǮŶӣֱ棡
һαǮĹסллľ
ľֱӴһͨȥѡ˵һţۺðȫʱľԱߣۣš
ң
ң㲻۰
ľ̿ϣüడʫȥ֮һҪϴ衣
ڵȴ˵ĹУһ˶ľԥ룬ľļ¶ڨ΢ЦãñӺܺÿ𣿡
ԵĴڨ·ҿһ¶ļֶò̰ֿľɫѼññľü䵭⸱װ粻ͬǰľ󣬷һˡ
ľ΢΢ƫͷƢʱֱײǹϣ棬𡣻УñӺÿҺÿ㲻ܴʲôñӶڲסĳء
㡭˱̵߲ѡ
Ա߹ۿ̸ͣ԰ͷܾ
͵ʶڨˣѡֺľЦһӰľЩˡ
ĬĬתͷװʶǵӣĬ
ľӷ꣬Ҫƿڴͷ
ҵע̱أ˷ܵǰĹ
Ҳһһ·ɫңҸеģľҲһתͷ˺˵ľ㵡
룬ֹԱľñˣǱԻһ˲䣬ְҴ˴ñȡˣô죿
ľñȡ£ЩѹõĺڷȻðͷ˲٣ë꾫ƯϣԵiرǲͷüҲǴ
ҲϰϷгȻ඼ˣûг
ֱɽһλҲлʱ䡣
áˡǺô̼
ְֲ档
Ťͷľͷڿң˫Ȼûаɽ˵ʫͷˡ
˵žȻҪְ
áδ˵ָ꣬ѾģҶߵ鷢
ɽߵ·жΡ
ľգգۣʫ۾
ôˣŵȴ̼ҷӦġ
£Ŷꡣ
עӵػشлл۾ͦڶġ

ɽ³壬ҵķϣľ˵ʲô紵
˹ɽİ˲Ƶ񶼺ˣƮƮģ޻һ
ľǿˣɫһ˲ü˾̽ѼñͷϣӰͶ£ͷĴһ¡
ľסҵļһʳģ׺ݵʲô˹֣
ƳһڿľҵˣĬˣ
֮ǺسˣҼмĬһûż
ƫƫľִŵſ϶ż
ľǷŭˣǿ̱ĳѹʽ̣ҲѹԴĸ߸ϵơ
Ƕһݻߡ
˶ˡ
ΪŮѣӦȥһĦֵģľмӶһ뵽ÿﶼֲֳ˽ǣ¡
˵Ҷˡ
ǿ߰ɣ
һҪȥҷŵĶҡ
ĵ㣬һص繤ĵطùʺµһЩϸС
ʱֳ𽥱٣߻ľڵĹ㳡ʱӦһۿ۵ˣ˰죬ҲӰ
ֻȥʸһ˾ķԱã㿴һͷ۾رÿ𣿡
ԱƬ̣ʮǰˡ
Ҿˣ
ûҰȻǰҲûԼߵɡ
ҾշԱ˵ķȥһ˵˳㻹˹㲥վĹԱһ¡
ڴֳĹ㲥УǰѰҡ
ľͬѧ㲥ٵ̨Ѱ
ľͬѧ㲥󡭡
һ顣
˼ףû۵ĵطҵƫƧûʩ̻ҵˡ
һȾŹرյװɨߵСӣһ˿϶ҪſڵϹ۲Żᷢ֡
ҲûҵƬ̣ľ
ֱŷ
ʮǰ
ĵ֣ľڹ㳡ȴ
ĵķ֣Ǹճܵˣ˼ѹסľĳϴԹƻĵĻƢ̬ٴδ
ĵ֣ٴִ
ĵʮ֣ʧȥǣƿڴҪǸͬеŮĲú
곹·µ
һЦȥɡ
ĵʮ֣ھڣ˱ľＤ𻥶ռ˼
ĵʮ֣ľ˹㲥ǱӣΪִһ˱ɱһ˳ױߡ
ĵʮ֣Ӳˮϵ۾ָɣӾŵķ϶ʫҹ
ĲصպۣӳֲȻĽǶŤţɫһƬ
˫һգ
ʫﱻڵһ֪޹Ȧ׵ĿŮɻԥؿ
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ϵ˺ѣδȫָĬעӣûд𸴡
ֻǴӷ϶ԶԶ˫۾ֱĶӣƽˮĺɫ̶£ӿĿ
Ҳ֪ڿʲôֻڷ϶𽥿ʫرɰ
˺Է˼ٶȻָʫﵽʱѾָ򲻿ţ㽫ͷ£µķ϶һԲ۾ڷ϶պöϵڵϣصؿ϶ľ΢ĺ
ıǼ⣬ɷ׵ںڰйЦ⣺ʫ׽ԲӮء

ҵľ
Ȼھŵĵ¶һֱǱΧгجεִ漴һ£ŵòˣҺüʱӦ˹
أҡұԹ䣬ô򿪣㲻ᱻ˰ɣ
ǺǺǺǡľõЦʫһͿԴˡ
һҭ
ǶԲˣ̫Сһʱû֡
⣬Ѵ򿪣ֻʹ
ұ˱˫ֿסŵ·Ŭ̧
ǿŵָھͱſڵϵľһ¡
ұһ֣ľ㲻Ҫң
ҼŴһ룬ľڵϴҽű߹
⶯ҿĿɿڴʶ̵֣˻ȥ
ʡҵҲôۡ
ľվϵĻҳüͷడʫұҪȥ̳·
ң
ľһ
ûжһ˿һӰ죬֮Ժڵĵû·մϵĻҳҪ
ȻˣСˣ˶ʫݲ£޷ص顪ҲıͰࡣ
ûʲô¡
ûдӦҡͷ·кܶ࣬ȥˡ
˦˦֣ҷǳ˼˵Һ۵ġ
ľĬƬֻ̣öԷһ֪ʲôʲô
ҲίһҲŶʫ˻Ҫغÿء
֪Ϊ˵ָˣû°ɣǵñһá
Ҫľܾ¶һ˫Ե쳣ջ۾Ҫס
ҺݺݳĬˡ
һ뵽ܹˣȻ˵ʹġ
ǵͷðɡ
ûչΪ˱ľڹ£Լڽ۵Ĳһ£Ĳǳһص
꣬ͷ𣿡
ľ̼Բ۾
Ĭ
ֱӣϼװȫջء
ⷴӦĲ̫һ
Ҷ˼ˣ㲻׹ôι
ľԼƺǵһαף˶ľľģӵоҪˡ
Ҳǣոձŵѿ˺ðɣ


42 
ĵס,ȻԼؿڡ
԰׵ȾЩɫɫƵ۾һ˿޷й⿪ĵĻ,ܿѹƺʲôˡ
ǿȥľü,סؿڡ
ҰѼñ,Ϊľûȫָؿ,Ծֱֳ߳
֪ô,һ߳ȥʹҴҷֿ,ʶʣɻؿıӰ뿪,Ҳ߻ؼҡ
صһЩְǮ,ȥдá
Ͼŵ,ϴɽʱֻͻȻϢըϸһȫһˡ
Ŀǰͬͬѧ̫䡣
[֯ҿˣ͸ֳԲԣ]
[ͼƬ]
[ģ,֪ס]
[㵽ô˵ȥģֻҪ˵ҿ԰µȫ㣡]
[㣡]
[ôػ]
[ǲռ]
[ǲǲǲǲǲ]
[֯]
[㣬Ұɡ]
[㣡]
һϢһһ,ۻҡ
Ƭǽβֳ߳ʱ,ľɫѿ뿪һĻ
ֻƬܺ,ľ˫Ӱ,Һ̫䶼û̫⣬̫ϴƬʱ¹ˡ
̫Ͱҷ˰༶ЩλϣΪʲôֶβľһȥ
ҽظ
[̫Ҳ֪ľסľҲֳֻͬͬѧһϾͷֿˡ]
֪Լѣ¶ķҲòס
ң˭뵽˿ľֻܰء
ûٻظ
ҵڶȥѧУʱر裬ľȴûе༶һ綼ûг֡
ȫŽķΧ
ǰľûڣҶϰΪΪżȥ̿Ƕô顣
̫һ۾һֱԼληηӺ濴ȥԶǵʹԴ״̬ڰ༶ҲԱһࡣ
磬ľų֣ڰ༶˿ȵѲһȦ
ĸ̫飬ҲܹȻǰֻʱס
ΣҲҵ˵
ľް׵üһ͵ʫ
ңûһֿܣ͵㡣
֪ˣľ˵Ȳʫǡ
δ˵꣬Զʦʹ˿ľһر죬ֻ÷ֿȥվӡ
ǳܻľֻʦǰüװ̬ӣɫɷһƬƫĪľ£˵
ʦҸоͷܲҾͲˡ
аɣǸϢϢɡ
á
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곤ʱ˶ûˣЩء
ҿϢЩΧľοʣľЩܲȺˮֱԣˣϿԶ㣡
ڲٳΧһƺѰʲôһȻ۵Ĺ
ץס
Ͻѧ¥ʱһͷһۣǸңң͹ڡ
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ҪľҪȻ᳤ܶ࡭˰ɣҪѸ
ֱֱ̫עǺںڵķͻȻֳ䲻ؽ˹Ⱦܡ
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ˡ
Ҳ֪׷ʲôеԻ󣬲Ǻĳȷľͷ
ľÿһǶһ޶һָͷһڷһƬƤ׼ȷϳǺˡ
ֻҪ;ϴ
Ҽְصңľһطǳعš
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ľȫں׵ƺֻҪҵƤ׵ʮ𾢣ҸеһʪڲԵĴڸС
һָһƤľУҲӵ
ֻèƵ˶ϣҴһȦͷʱҵı˱ǽϡ
ȵȰι
˸Ҳòְͷƿ
ûջأһҵġ
ҵĺЩ仯ľʵ̫ûб߽ˡ
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ʲôҲʲô㵲ѣȻĳģ
УľɫݣǶģҵͷȻͷϣҪˣιǻͷι⣡
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֪ΪΣǷ̫͹۰׷𣬲סУҺ˳Ŵ£ͷƤѪƵģŴ󵽼£·㡣
ںķմȾ˺ɫ֮ӳڸħУסа

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μҷԼѿαֽңȥ
ҿһĳֽľѪУͷͷƤ˰¡
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յ;۲֪ʲôȻ˹ɨĹͳĬվƺ֪οڡ
̾˿̫֯ˣҪˡ
ҳ֪ıˡľϴѧɨĹ˳Ѵѧոء
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侲Ҳ޲ʱңźҹٵգ˵֯ûһ̾øʲô֮𡣡
ֱ֪ẦңҲǲҿ̹Ȼܵ򣬾ˡңľӦò˲òش̽ܰɡҸɰͰ͵
ľˣԺ͸ûϵˡ
ֹֹվֻ˵ټúѧϰ뿪
Ҷһ˱ϥǶľķĹѷ
ҲܿͻָϾҪĽ׶ΣҲи
ɡ˵
ҲǽҹˬҿˣϥԼ֪˯
ķ˯⣬ðĺɫ˿ڲϵࡣ
Һ˸Ρ
μ֩˿һĶסҵĽ
䣬ܽ
ϵۣƹҵĲ䡢ֱۣԽԽ࣬ģûܣţƤ˿Իϧ
գһ˿΢ⶼܲˡ

۲δ뿪վſڴ̣ҹмһ˲
Σðĺɫ˿ںҹ쳣Ĺ졣
˫ǰĺɫ״Ļǽ˯Ůȫס˳زƺӵؿһЩɫ߾ŭֳռذס
ԶԶȥһŵľ޴ĺɫ˿û˻滹һ˯Ů
ɵıǱ̬
˿̧̣ͷ˿ҹգڳһƬޱѹ֡
Ҫˡ


43 
ҰҹǱѵġ
,Ŀ֮ǰգҹĿȻ䣬ܾԼϸ,˷
Ѱԭ,һֽĻҳţͦɾ
·ϼӵֽҲ֪ʱʧɸɾ,̵Ϣûˡ
ɻ,ȷŲʲôζˡ
ǻصϴ˸,ڱ˯
ڶ죬ҳʰ飬Ŷصԭĵط,˳꼶˻ࡣ
ò˵ʱ,ɼûǹܵõ,ƺҲǸеаţӦҵĵ
һһҺúñ֡
òЦ
εͺ⼸ɣƣ,Եظеͬ顣
һ⣬ȫԱˣ˶ʱһҲ꣬ͷͺ,ѧڻϡͷҲû,͸һɡҺòϡζ
Ұᵽµİ༶
ᶫʱ,ɵİ༶Ĭ쳣,һһͷ­ֱؿźڰ壬һɲͺľȥҲǵꡣ
ҸСæ鱾ˡ
µİ༶ûж˼ľŹǰ༶ҥԡ
ұ湦Ļ㹻ģһЩɨǵģ治ɫʦøʦǶô߳ܵ飬ܲ˷ʱ䴦¾öӦöˡ
ǸʦΪصؿһᣬıͰؽһ飬ҵ飬Щ۸ҵˡ
ȻҲ༶˹ϵƱЩµҲһƽ졣
ɿܺãһжڳõķչ
ЩĶǵʱƺһʵΣľҲɽ⺣бûļְЩʱ䶼ȥְ
ܾǰյҲˡ
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ؼҵʱԽԽãƫƧĵ·Զ룬İ˵ĴĩҲٳţ糵Ҫӵһˡ
Һܾ֮ǰ֪Լĳ۸ͣͦġȻԼȷҲܵСɡ
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Ȼڼžҹһȫ걧ϥۣƺڰ˯
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ֻһͷǾȥ
ݳƷ밺ʳﶼԺб˳ȥָΨһжߡ
Ҳ֪ûʱ俿ʫ
һ뵽һ㣬ľԵؾþһµķƷǴеĴȻҲǾһ£Ǵ϶ƷǵĴ
ڽӽҹʱ̣ˡ
һֻ̣ƤҾȫָδ׻ָ̼䷢ߴߴӵŤ
Ū齴໹δԭȲطľҹĶֲشЩһһʱĶ㱼Լ챻ˡ
ѽ
뵽
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ɱŰסԡ
ľֻèƵӵסʫ
δԼֵزһ̹Ǿݽˮ̫̫
һֱѡ


44 
ԭҹٿҳġ
ľթʬ,ˣ
ܾûеء
Ȼϰ߶ܣֻҪʵذǰҲʧȥ̫ǡ
ľһҪıҵ·ߵĻ,
߽ľһܣߵЬ׼Žֶ߽˶٣ĬĬػЬӰڷź,һ˵ɳϿʼһУʫʫöҪյˣ
ڶǵðڷЬӵľٶǰһ˿ϤоľָŪĬˡ
ѵõһ,ľڲһѾؿð棬һЩлɫŻɫĵ,ɫ쳣ÿθ
Ѿʼ,ľſӻǵ벻˵
ˣľ¶ĸҲ˵
ѾһˣľҳԵĽζڶˡ
Ȼʳ,Եʱޱ,ֻо׽˲ź֪¶ѳԵı顣
ҵǿľʳãŰѲ˷о³Ȼ˵ĳ
㲻ˣҲֻκ档ЩŪܼ򵥣ѧУı㵱ǻϸȻҲǱȽͨĿʽ
ı飬Ҳ֪䶼˿ǹ,ľıֺ޼,һ˲Ͱһ¶ǰӡ
Ҷû԰ʳס,ˡԺԼȥԡ
ľʱŲҪǲطһСʱʫҪˣ̫ѹˡ
ü۵üë΢΢𣬺ס۽һһģʧġ
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ԼɿջĽǶȿң˵ʫҲҪһ˳ԣ˵һ˳ȥʫҪұء
޶ԣ㵹ǳ԰
ľһ漴ͷ̳档
ʵ֤θҲʲôڳ˵ĻƽθʲôëûУܺꡣ
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ҼңСټ˾䣺ûð˼
ǰľЦҪпŶ
˵ȥˣԴֻػش𣺡лл
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ԭͷӵгడ
͸ľ۵ѡһȭˡսӰ߲ɡ
ţһȾͲẦˡοԼһ֡
Ҷ˾䣺𣿡
ľЦƺԼԴĬԡ
Ը˵Ҿûʡ
Ầ𣿡
ŲᡣǰһҲõģʫ

Ҳǰһģһоֹ͸ҵϤоദʱЩϸҲǵһðԵʣҷһġ
Ƴһյ룬ǳ˳顣
һлˡ
ԼϴԼ롣ʰԼ룬ͽľԲ۾ҡ
һҶЩԸɾͲ𡱵𾪱顣
ң
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ſ룬¶ŵ顣
ϴԼ꣬ŽȻƣسȥϴ衣
֮ô컹ҪϿΡ
ұߵóҵдøϰѧҵĲд󣬳ƹƹҵֹͣ
ľһư߳òƺԵãҲûôȻʲôǺõġ
ң
ľϺ࣬ëëȥԡϴʱҿ۳
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ֻԸԸѡ
Ϊʲôϴôʱ䡭һ갡
ľȻ˯ͷһʡ
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꼶Ŵ·׼Ȱľ
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˵һ룬ĵΧҵ̫ˣеء
ЩɫƵؿԷȥγɳ׶εԴףλ
еվԶ鲻ĿһУƺľһܻӭӺܲ˳ۡ
м˲ںġ
༶˲ֳ
ڷѧҲ֪ľȻܾЩͬѧǵûȥ֣ҽӵĵ绰˵ܼܲһ档
ҵȻӦһ¿ξˡȻҲΪ뿪֮ǰʹľҸԿ׻ڲڡϾһˡ
ЦصģһֱʫĶһطҲܴߡ
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ߵúܸɴࡣ
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Ҳ֪˵ʲôһƽĺ档
۲Ƭ̣̾˿֯㿴Сʵıκ˶ҪͰ
ıϾǸӵģԶһĿ̰ԸһĻȥһֱںµĻҲģľ֮ǰͻܲ˵ġ
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ʲô
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֣˭Ҫ
ʮߵɳϣ򿪵ӣЦյƵ
ľһҲûƵģȻȻظԱߡ
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֪ʱɳߣͷҵĴȲ࣬Ȼ˯ˡ
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ʱ䣬Ļ
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ǱϢ
[ô֯]
[Ӧˡ]
Ǳ߹ãųٳٵطظ
[лл㣬֯ʱ˵˵飬ɿҡ͵顣]
ҷֻɳϣ컨塣
ľĴӦеҵϵġ
رҲϣ¡
ǲҪģо˵κһ仰Ƶġ
ѵĴߣ۾˼ά׹
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˽Ӳһ˲һַСϲõһҵüλã󰲾ķΧߡ
೤ĺҳ׽˳˯


45 
ľԺ˱һ,û
Ҳ㾯裬ûٺͱһԺıɺЩ׷һô죿֪ľҲ֪ҵĴڡ
һʹľ֪ܸ
ں,ƺκεΣ۵׶ͬ,رҿ֡
ңǡֻǺǰЩһ,ɱҡ
һ༶ǺƵģһͷ,ҲҶġ
ҪǱһֱֵ̫Ϊһ
ŲɱʫҪɱҲɱҰľν
֪ĸһһطһֱɱأ֪ʹİɣͼΣʶ
ľȴƬ̣ɳϷ,°ͿҼ򴦣ڷЩң΢Цӯӯ޵ʫ뷨ʫҪĻ϶Ǹúã

תƻ⣺ҵû뵽Ӧ
ʲôľ,˵һͻȻҵĻʶʲôƵģһͣ,ϻһתŵ,ǰʫҴӦʱоĶڵѪܿǸ˵ıҾ˶,һҲҲȤˡ
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˵ң˵ǲӹҵԼļҷʽ棬ֲǹִ˻һͷţ
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ȴպñһĿһУֵؼгľƭס
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ÿһգǾټ֡
[ľ]ʱĵкʫദļӣѾסį
ľɫŤضŰɫ̡
ʫϴһ붼͵顣
һˡؽݡ
㡭ľҪǳ⣬˳䲻ػ˺ԡ

ҹǴֻ·Щѣ֫Ť£ѣֻһƤź˿סԴ
˵ļң˱ķģŵʹȥ
ľùͷõֱֻż뿪
ܻǽڣԴײײǰ
Һһ·û˿
֫Ťϥȫȫ۶ϣСܹǰۣߵʱ򼫶ȵĹ죬ֱĴ¡
Сӻߡ
ڣһŮ·ɫĳ뽹Ƶ۾һ
Ȼܽ⸱ӣŨص˼ȼյǣֱֻ
ȫƾűܸȥƷڰ챻򵥵һЦ׹ȥһ
ڷƷЩ˰סŲǻãôûأϧ
ʫƺʲôػͷһۡ
һ
ľͷڳ˻ȥɫƵؿǰ赲ʫˡ
۲δʫǰߵıӰɫӣ벻Ҫǰˡ㲻֯µĻ
ᣬǽһίУ˳֤ݵġڸټ֯
ľɫźÿôһ㡣
δָû˵ֻסǰıӰ
֨֨ͷָֻĵڿ״𽥻ָģ
۱˸̡
ƿ֯ߣžϵһЩ
Ҳǰ֯һСæҪȻָᱻΡ
ԽԽƲסԼİ⣬ǷݵģֵѾƵ漣δ֯еĽ̡ȻҲ֪󣬲Լסͽ̵ס
ʫòһЩ죬Ųһ٣漴ͷҲصؼҴߡ
ίжķӴƬ֮һߣɫ쳣ĮӰ֣Ѫ쳣òĹԳ־㤵ĹֵŨ۾Ƴ̽һۣȴʲôû
Ҫʫȥɡ
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걧ֻżȥ·ĺӰս˴񾭡
ֱ׿۲ź֪˿ָ̲ȴͣסһƬ亹
־塣˶δ֪ıܿ־塣
ǰּܱǵ˺ܶΣӱ۵ĽЩ˶һرĶкȻڸ˵ǵ˵ĶֻҪԼøʱ䣬ȤҲһѡ
ɱģͼȫֻǳ룬ȥ˼Ŀԡ
޷ֹģһ޴ڣԱҲͬȥ˼Լôȥֹ
ھͿԡ
ֻҪ֯Ļ
ʣֻҪԸ⣬κ¡
ϴ꣬ű졣
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Ҵţոµ·ѵȥˣ
ûУľǻ˵ˣϴǰʫˡġ
һ㶣ݳֻż滹һЩм
ллҽӹл
֪ľЦЦܴ޾ĺ⣬ʫĶκ˶ߡ[]Ҳһ
Ҳô˵⡭Ҳ֪ôˣҪľһǲǺܺá佱ı飬һ٣ֻ˵
ðɣĺܺá
ǳ˵һѱסңƻأҲϡ
ľĻһ䡣
ֱۣһ
ջ飬ڴ˿̱ŷ˵ĕiҹ԰ƤȾ죬ɫ۾Ҳһˮ⣬һһģջȥôǣֹˣڷҶɨɨȥܵҵĲƵġ
Σܲ˵ƿ
ϴ꣬Ҫϴ˰


48 
ϴһ
һ,ľ˯ͷ˯ԣ˻һҹ˯
糿,˴ѩҿƬ̣ϵ
뿼Եֻʱ䣬븸ĸӽڻµʱ䡣
ÿѧϰƻڰ༶ﰴͰ,ҹϰһ,ϴС۵֪ʶ,ұѧϰĹ̲ࡣ
һҲҪ̫,ƽ̬ͺ,óԳԸúȺȡ
ëѩһҹһɫҹΧ׼Ե,ľŶӷ
䰡ʫľڳһͰ͵ģ
¶轵,˵һ,ô޷ˡ
ʵڱţƫǷ䵹ҳһĳ޷,شϡ
ȥ,ϲڼȵʳ,˼ٶʳƷ,һó㡣
ľŹﳵڳеƷȤ,Ѿ뵡ģʽ,ŵĪ˵Цû,ޱ,˫ĿĮȻ
ƳһôҸߵĸӰ
ҪѰҹԱ·˰ǰæϲˮµСʳ
ֻҪľͿˡ
΢΢תһʱ¶ŵı飬ʫôܳЩȻҡͷܾȥá
ƽߵˣ߸ľ

ˣҪڽţֱ۾õŽ˹ﳵڡ
ڼ仹˹ľͷ˵ˣ̫ˣһʱ֮üȾϲǵòʢ
߳Уѩڴγɰ̼ɢ
ľֺȻƵĿҼΧļͷָס
˿ڲļĦϸ΢Ĵһ⡣
ȥպ÷˿ȫľʱµѻ۽޸·СӸסһֺɫͫһ˫ۼȺרעڶĴɫüɫŨصĺڷѩӨƤҹɫʶһݵĻ档
ɫķ΢ָڴƮƮ䡣
ľһֱΧ棬ŷӦƵĿңһ䣺ʫҰͷ
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ֵѩ࣬һȣЬһ㣬ľȻתͷ
ʫҲҪһ¡ͷ
ΪŹ뻹ǴӦˡ
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̧ͷǰѩߣѩڻ
˼ңԿ׳뵽ϴθԿףǲǰµԿҲ˵ġʲôطˣ
ȻˣʫĶҶһطģ
ʲôط
εĵط

ûжʣݡ
ܲôˣҼҪһŶ
ΪʲôľŰѹ£Ծ
ΪҪˡһش
ʲôϵľ⣬¶ɻı顣
㲻ѧ𣿡
ҪʫϹѧˡ

ľ䵽ǰɡ
һʮͻһƷϴѧұҵҵ֤ᱻ[ľ]ѳ֧[ľ]ͨá

ǰʮҰɣô𣿲ԡ
ΪʲôҪϸУ
һʼΪ氡ľȻȻһս浱ȻΪʫôôǲǺܸж
аɡ
ĳ̽׶Σǰ༶Ҳȫû̵ķΧ
ÿֻڹ¶طܶǵǺڴ̽ľҪȥѧУ
һľЦ˵ͽǸۺĴѧɡ
ڶξ˵ġ
ξ˵ʲô°
ҲϴҸԿ˻̾ʫ㲻֪[]صжΣ˺þŶ˶ˣд飬Ҳġ
һ㻹ǰɣ
˵ϲľ죬Ҿ͸оһʸУ·ãмڵ̫ྪմ̼ǶλһɴԼԼ
ǰһ죬ʵûзʲôر顣
ճѧУĶҿ飬ֻϡ
ĻϢһһ
ķǸ׸ʱ֮ܳ飬ķӾȻпֵ֮ģȽϴ
һҸбҵ֮£ǱߵĸȢӵĹӹȱǰʱ֪Ժ󣬷Ҫ˻˵ģǸ۾¿ϵĸĸϷ
֪׼ΪҲӦֻҵĵ绰
Ҹ˵ͣ죬⼸
ŸײʲôıΥͼŸĸ
ҷʤһһ˻˵а취װƤһԡ
Ǻǡ
߳ĶңѧУ߽ͨİĵ绰
ȱڵ绰ﺰ֯ǲǷҪǼѪϿǸˣҾͲˣ
ͬնĻ죺Ӧøҵġˡ
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׼ҶϣȻһõЦתͷԱߵĳһ˫۴ڿϣЦӯӯؿţ·һ׹ǣѣ
Ŷǰķľͬѧ
Ҷϵ绰Ǳص˲ʧ
ⲻǼ֯𣬼֯ʫúأ΢ڳͫɫһ룬ոǸ˽гĪ졣
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ȴȫκʣͨ˿ոյĳҲӦ֪ܶʣοϵһֻͨͬѧľɵЦ˭֪ˣһĳ׷գ߳ŭʧ߰ɣ
ңǣҸǱߵĺӡ
㲻
ᣬҳʵġ
Ц֯֯ͬѧһķϣҿԴĵؽ㡣ֱ˵ֱ׵Ϳˡ
ľͬѧԸһĶءľ뵽
Ҳǹȱ̫ķúܣٴδͨǸ绰
ȱ򣺡㻹ҵĵ绰
һ˲ŭܴͷ˵ȱҪǻڵҵԶҶҪܹ㲻ע㳹ױ졣ŵĲʪЬġ
ȱԥ룺㡭㣿ҲҪ㣡
ľ͵͵Ц·𿴴Էαװ
ƽɣǻŹСЯ
ţԲʡͲø˵ˡ
ȱΪǵߣһ٣ͲҸְ˵
Ҵܲ˼ҪӲֻҪһҪɡ
ľͬѧЦһš
ܿ죬ӲĹȱڨڨӲ͹Ҷϡ
һɷµذѸ׹ĳƱշȥ
̵µĹȱᷢڵİء
Ȼû֣Ϊ˳Ʊвٴ绰ɧţҾͻɱˣ֮ʧȥͲ侲̣ϸ˵⣡ʮʵʧˡ
ⲿֻǽѵģӦòؿϢͼƬ
ѽľȴӲֱŸڲݵϣ֯
𡣡
԰԰ҵĻͰͽˡ
šû˵
ľͬѧƮƮһۣǺĹһĨЦָָԶ˵һУ԰£ûءھͰƽҲļ֯
ѯʣǲǷˣ
ǡ
ǲǰˣ
ǡ޹ˣǵ֯ҪɱǿʼͲ޹ˣǸ
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ȻֻȨľ˵˼Ƭ̣Ц˾䣬ڼ֯ҲУɱ˭˭۸˭ŶǵĴһûСʲôԣҪȥҲŶ
ʲô۰
ľͬѧѧ¶ĶԸѾһţżǰ˵ЩǶǵĻԡΪģҸͲ죬Ľ٣һǺûȻţڰϵǳŷֲĻԣҶʱǲڸԱߵ˵
Ķ񶾷ԣҺ¹麦£ǵʱضضĻҾȻһѵĴ
Ϊ˵ĶҺ˵˫ر׼ʵڵġ
ͻ˵ߣԵεݻķΧ󡪡񲻹ʲôЦӯӯܲء
˱ӣһ˲Ķſ־建ļ䣬ü˵ټȻ뿪
ɲǼʧƽĺܿ죬ȷҶĵ˽ģǴĻ롣
ҲñԶطһУһС
Լ󣬻֣ᷢʱĶƵǳ룬Ҷڹȱ͸ĮӵΪôһЩģŵô׵Ķ
ƽô˵ĻҲţֻ²ۡ
ֻǱϾǵһĶȻǳڸкǿһϣɸоԾдһ飬ǽļ
ʱҵĶȻȥ١
ǷõֽţŷĸʽҶûأֱдҪ˵Ļڲûбм뷨дĺֱף͸ľͬѧֱ˵һ
Ǳһֵ϶ԴεĶ
[ľͬѧȻƢãˣǱ֮ˣϲ㡣]
[ҪԸдֻΪȴҵһ׮ԸûظҡȻʱܻˣҵĻҲУһǳŬرסᡣ]
[ľͬѧĻԺҾͲллĽ̸ȻЩֲлл]


49 
һ뵽ĳ,뵽ʱ༶ɱ¾ϰЩ˦ӡ
ô档
ľ﷢ϸ΢ҪҪԣ
ʮض˵ܣһġ
ľȻΪ⿼жôҪԹԼ,ֻǱס,ͷѩ
Ӵҳ׽˴ŵķΧ,˯,Ժ˯ãֻľżɳĵضӣϰӡ
Ҳÿʱÿ̶һ,ĩһȥͼݴһ졣
ʱҼҲԶϤĻɫߡ
֨֨ĲѩϣȺɢ,ұƬ,ƺһѩ﷢˵Ĺͷ
һһ,æϻؼң·˱ò˸к
˰,ɣƣ֯,ô
׼ԡһش
ҲǵĿԾˡͰһһ,ĥ
ǵġ
һ٣Լ˵׼ѧУ
⼸һ⣬㶣ش𣺡Mɡ
۵һ,ѧϰá
á
ᵽǸأ˵Ҫ
ǳ˳飺񲻴ϴѧ,˵ԼѾϹˡ
˵,ȥɣףɹ
ллټ
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Ӯ佱еģҲһģһͭ񣬵ڳϴֱܷͭǵһ棬ѾŪ죬ֲˡ
ÿѧһͭԽԽľѵǿľģ
ľû⼸죬ÿ춼ͭǰפͣԽԽ࣬γӵȺ
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ϵų֡Ǹûκ⣬Ҳ֤ݡ
죬˷˽˾ԺȻ״ܲң˵Ǳľɱģ˵Ǹ˷Ϊ˴̼ģھԺ߶߶ֵĶԼͭƷ
ѧУͭƺҹ䱻ѧУһ޷޲ѧԷߺޡ
֮ǻźµ鲻˯ġ
ҹžѧУͭԭ΢Цţûͫ׵۾쳣Ŀɲ
ǰʫõĺطȻѺۣѺԽԽࡣ
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ʫ￿ʱľļڷ޲Ӻһ·ĺá
ѧУҹУͭѺһܿε鱻һɫš
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Ǹһֱ׷ɱˣҹͱľȺŪ裬ȥ˾ԺҲӲӰεĸ
һżٵİգľԼЩͭõ̫٣ֻһȫɡ
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ͭʱĴУĵ˵ʫʫûд㣡
ˡҪ򻯵Ķ䡣
ýҰɣ
Ҫʲô
ҡ


ʵڻľ˷ܵҪʱ𾪵ġ
Ķ

Ŷǻ򵥡
ҴӦˣѵ£ˣһΪǴ·
СаɡӦӦˡ
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㣡ڰɣ
ֻѡ׼а


50 
·һһصĻð,ոǿңľұø,ûд·Ƥ,ܸܵǻ塣
κһϸ岻Ƥ
Ửȣ嶼ģ˲ɿѪǿܶ覵Ĵڡ
Ҷ䱻Ϣһ,ʲôһӦҡ
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ͺжٴ΢΢¡
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ľҪҺʱҷϵ̧ȭʹһ¡
ȣľǺһ,,ɾƿ
ټҪȥͼѧϰˡ
ľӦ,Ҫȥ
ҵ۵±Ƥװһ۵ӣʫ㿴۰,˯,һ˯
,ټػӱ
Ϊĸ壬Ͳʱʱ̿һ𣬸οѧϰʱľһռڡԲΪҪҾһŰԲǡ
һͼݴϦ棬ѧú۾ſϢһ
ͷϣ̧ò״ľͭСΧڷһʱҲŷ־ͼݶǽǴڷһܸߵͭ
ͭڳưı飬·Ŀһеλߣͭ㿴һ˿һ飬ֻз˰Įġ
ͭͦľЦʱ̬ģǷ˸еЩƽĳЦǳ˸Ķ⣬βһǸḻĶˡ
ҷƬ̣ʱʱͭϢ۾ΣӶһ˳Ƭ̣ҵķݳһֽ
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촽û˵ĬĬ˻ȥȻηǳѰ
ƽջߣûٸѹ
˻ʰö뿪һû̧ͷһҳ顣
ϾǲҪٶӵĺá

߹Ȼһ
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ͣסŲľȴе㲻ĵ
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ⲻ˵ĶھԺ𣿡
԰˵ġ㿴Щͭ񡣡
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52 
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ڵĸޱȳء
ŵһ̡
ңԶ
ķ֮һȷҸĵ·ΪǾԲŹġ
δֻҪܡ
ֻҪܣǱѱޣֺèĹ
ܾ
Ȧ³ɢ
Ȼ֣Լ֪ᷢʲôΪİ¶ģҲǴģµĺ̬ͯŻ޷ԤĸĻ
޿ɱ粵ǣһһ뿴ġ

ϦʱȥѧУɫľγɷյĿռ䣬Ҳ֪ԼøʲôԴտյĽȥֻҪһֳ
ģһˣľ⡢ڽ䱧ϥǳ˯ʣӦǲµѪ⻯ɡ
ұԭأ˵ǿ־࣬Ǹӵ
УۣһҾչЦգʫǲˣ
Ҳ˲ᣬûУû뵽ҡЩľӦö㡣
ǰʫЩǷƷֻģֻܴߣ
ЩߵľأҲһ𣿡
ʫľı˼ʣиεÿܴӦҵһҪǾͲҪǡصǣճŲô
ᣬȰ·
ľãҪǰһǵر־ܾ
Цһ˱飺ǲЩƷʫ˵˭
ҽֻǿ
޷ҵ͡
ѵǻͱ븶ľ޴
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ĿбӵһЩ¡
ľƭңԼΪƺϣܶһЦһǡ
ЩЩҲ֪ķףԴ˵̬ȣ֪ͬԼЩΪǶôĸıһʱ֮侹Ҿ¶Ұޡ
;СӹսǴҲ߳һ[ľ]ݶضߵꡣ
һҶȴʫʫһǱȺɱ˵ġ
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˲ĵر죬һʵʫһҪҵİɣ
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ĺľһҹȻǲеİ
ѵһһ춼Ҫôľҵֹˣ
Ͳס˵һϵľҶҪġҲѡİѡ֮ҪҪѣѵһҪ𣿡
˳ŷӿĺɫ
գһ˵ʫһѡһɡ

ǵ㽫ѡһģǱѡ̱סһɫѿؿһۣתͷ뿪Ż
ĪӿһھΣæѹȥ
ǧǧܲκ̬ҼԾȰ뵽
һֱصңҵı鶼ǿհ׵ġ
ľҵʱ˫ӣЭ̾˿ʫˡ[]˵ЩƷǶΪ˱ڵġûΣգǲһ֡ǵĿôǿҡ
ʫҪһ¡ܲܲҪЩƷ߽Ϊ[]İʫ̫Ļᱻ̴ġ
ҿһֱˡ
ûұòˡ

ľ·Υ˱ԣ˼ǰӣھӦľڴ˿̳֡Ϊ밡һֱûУͬһ
¶ʱûһ[]ȻֻԼǵı¶ԭӦòĽ赶ɱߵĸԼϵҲδ
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żаͲס˻ǳǰոյ·֮ڵõʫľܾ֮󣬰صľӦöʱҲٳִ
һӴĹ¶ʵƬҲðסΪ˰Ļˡìܵñ¶ڿеƬ
ʣǹɸҪϡ
ʴ˿Ϊĳµλеľ
ĸ
ֻľ
ѡľ

˫һ΢䣬ƺֻ˵һ۵顣
Ҳųٶ۵ң˵졭лл
ʫ㲻Ϊ[]ֻ𣿡ۺá
ڲͬķӦһ㶡
ľӦ˳ҵĵлôߵҪˡ
ǳʿ
ϣֻҪ棬ǲܵġ
ҸĿڵҹ㡣
ͷҰɡ

ʫʫ㲻뿪ҡľЦ֪ԼǳֻҲԸ֣ʱԳһЩ˽̰ı
ҵ̧ӣͷһϲң
԰԰Ȼֵ̬Ȼش
ҲΪԼĸǳϲ
һһʷҪԶһ𣿾һֱ֡
ľ㶣Ƭ̣ĵ롣
ֻһˣ
룡
һΪģССƫΪҹȥ͵ĸԸطԼȥ
ľһʲôı飺룡
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뿴볣˲ܹͬΪ㸶һС
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룡ľԤеҵ̬ȣʼ˷ܵҵĲ
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Ϊڤڤ֮Ԥеڴ˿̣ҳסϵԵƫܸ˾ԵİȫУһӵԸ⡣
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53 
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˵
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ۣҾܾҲ԰
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ҪκŶʲôĶҪľѵ΢΢һ䣬ΪЩɫܵصĳͷǵģÿʫﱨҲòֻ֣λ߽Ժʫ

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54 
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ľһ飬ѧĻҲԲסУİɣʫһסˡ
ѧУԱߵķӷܹġ
νа
һ٣ˡ
ЩľĲƲ״ֱֲʣҪǮʱô졣
˵ľǮͻͨĵز
вĹŴҲǵزܲ
šŴ
šŴ
סȵȣ㵽׻˶ð
ľֳ޹ӣȻˣؾƯġʫ˵Բԣ
šȻ˵Ҿûʡ
ӾͲǧְϲ̫񡭡
ոսַھ۵ٲɻѵǸˮҲ𣿡
ŲǣľҵϲصƤЦǱ˴ԶģʶʫʫǧҪǣǲ֪ʫҵԼһһʫﲻҪһأʫᱻòӵģⱲӶҪˡ
ǲ޹˵ʲôµĻ
˵û̽ˮص£æӣƣ˯
ڶգǴʳĹƷǰˮٲҾܾǰ뿪
ٲǰۼһˡ
㱻ˮء
𣿡
⼸ͣˡ
ĿⲻܼˮʮȱͱֻһͷڵײеĲλδȫ޷
ʮһģһˮ棬ſЦ
ʳ£ֱ۵̧ʳǿʼԵԽ࣬ٶȾԽ졣
Ưȱڳص¹˷ݷ档

ľʰӣᣬŪ߰ģûȥκԺӲݡ
ʰ꣬ľѺԺĻݲȫˣĥһССҪҪߡ
ңҪӲݰʲô𣿡
ʫΪǶܳ
Ŷȥϵذɡ
ľͷһϵϵ̵ģϵһ뻹չǣƿ
ֱҹˮصĹһһɣޱ̤ˮ棬һһƳˮ棬Ųʯͷϣˮ黬䣬ʪĺڷӡ
ǻţ̴ȥǲͣڴˣΪƵͨƶǸȥЩݳ޵ĵش

ϣĴͻشĽŲ
ʶҪȥ鿴ľסңϣҶૣȥǲ㿴ʫ
˭
Ʒǡȥ۾ʳ֭ǾӦԶòʫһ˿һļ䣬ԶҲʫʫʫֶ֪
͸񶾣֯ʫΨһһķֽߡ
иɲͬ飬ǰһ˵УֻҪкһԱȣܻĵհ㲻ʹǰһ鳹ʧȥ˼ֵ塣
ȺƷôˣ֪ʫĴڡ
֪ʫѾˣ㹻ļʽԼͷŵȼա
ִСӵľְʲô
ƺס죬ûٳ졣
ľҼۣȻЦ͵͵ҲС

Ҳ֪ô͸ıˣңֱ۴ҵĶ࣬һС졣
ںڰĽֵޱ߹ںĶ죬ƺܲһ˿䡪˵Ÿ״̬ǶݵĻ¹̡
Ҳڶ֮ǰǻҵõˡ
ַھӾֵؿһĻܿ죬һһȫ˴˸ҿ
ҵһοôܵĳ֣ͬͬϱ̤
ǿҪ߹ȻľסҵתҵĴ˹ұȿ˴ϣؾһ˿ִһ˿ʼɣìܵΪмɵĹһ˲Ҷλá
ÿһݺݵ¹ȥͬ͵èѹסҲܶ
ֻǣȴ鴫ҵȫͷƤ飬鲻ѵسס˴´ҡҡλΣϸ΢
棬Ľֵ׹ڶһλ̧ͷգߵľŴգǰЩĵƷǿҪȥĳС
ŸЩƷǵ£üۼ¶
ǰ˼أУعͷ
һӵůķݣһǣ¶Ŷ鵽iջӵһˣǸ˱ѹһԵĴ֮ϣģ
ǸƷöġ
ԭӦġ
ǣڿ˫ȵˮĺʱͣ˼롣
Ȼɻüͷ
ĪĲ
ܲ
꿴ֻдӰӰ´µıӰǸˣӦǸССŮ
Ѿӣǰ[ľ]ǿɲƷ£ԹţΨվԭأ鵭ĮضǴӰԼҲ֪ԭ˰Ρ
ָű֮Ϻѩ㡣
ѩܳĽʱգգۡ
ţԺͺͺģܲ
Ӻܼ࣬ǿա
ԼǸƷܻӭӦûϲԼת¡
̶̼˼̤һ[ľ]ǳ˾롣
š


55 
һԻõʶ
ͷδֱӵڱӲʵĴ,ľƵţܸܵỬĵҺԣָ,΢ָڹסƷȦ,ɢɿζ
ʹƿľƿ,һû,Ŷվ
˼ųƿҴƽȥš
ľߺȲƬ,ȥ򿪷š
򿪵һ˲Ҫر,ȴ׼˼,һ뷿ڡ
һվ,˾Ȼһ[ľ]ԼΪǵ,üͷ
˵,Ϊҵĸܳôڣԭûд·ȴľضȥһס
ľӶҪʫ۾
[ľ]һʶҵģͷֱ۶÷΢ɫ,ǹĻ,һ
,Լ̫˽ľļ,ֻ֪֪ͬͬʵ㲻ʶң
֪,ʫǸľոյĻ«ư,[ľ]Ц,βԼƵ
ԭľɫѿޱƷʲôڶķ棬żߵ츳ƷҲһ
Ҫڶľм䣬γɶŵľ棬ŷӿΣ
ҵ͸ľԿ[ľ]ЦһľݾﲻΪƮƮƳ΢ߵĻ쳣Ĺˡ
侲ͬ䣿
ƷԼ룬ͬľУŤͷüһƲװʫҵĴƷĴȡͬ飡
תȥ׵ͳӡ
ûм䰡[ľ]ЦƹǣסҵֱۣʫԼԺ㴴õļ䡭Ұһ̶ֱףÿ춼ӣԲһֱ۸ҡ
ҰؿſھֿĻԡ
һԵľȻʣоĵӲֻסഥֱۡ
˵ȻӵмľΪʲôҪһأϲӵкһʱеļľҲһһİɣ
[ľ]ʶԣЦݽ˽ľֻشЦҿһֱ찲
һ£[ľ]ȻٴЦ⣬ʫ
̬ǶԴκһ˵̬ȡ
ûмͬǵԼ[ľ]ظֻܵҪָͱ뿪ΪпԼֻһ
ˣһ컬رؾᣬемҲ֪
˦֣ƿߣ뿪ɡ
ľҪЦˣƾһЦ
һ[ľ]ȻûپûмľȡͨԶ̬ȡǵȻˣ޷ûмľߵõһİȫУȻᶺ
ûм[ľ]֪˵Ҫҵԣ֪һδδһδξҽľ֪ԭ
ʮֵĲ̤ʵ
ǰҲܱαװȥɻأںľദԽãԽܷĻԡ
һ֮ǰͷһۣľȥ˿ԣͷ¶۾ЦƺչʾԼĹɡ
ַȥң˯ɳ[ľ]ȴ㶵ؿԼģգգۣ˫תҡ
ȥκεαװֻʣ³Įһ˲ӡ
¶Щ΢ɻɫй¶ִɡ
ûмıľԭӦ⣬һʼˣûа־ٶ
˿̵·ԼҲ벻ͨΪʲôľͰش
˭[ľ]ͻȻʵִزҪЭͬ䡣
԰ޱȵϰԴΪˣˣĻȴǼϷѵ˼Ҫʳ
˵Դ˵仰ѡ
֯ʫһش
֯ʫ[ľ]׽һҵ֣ٿһЦκθ߸ϵζõ˵Ǻ֡
ʲôò
ľ
ҵͷ顣

[ľ]ƿʫ﷿ŵߣٴζġ
ֻһظȡͬ顢ȡġȻḶ́ĪķӲá
˵;;÷ζݡ
ǸƷʵڰۣ֪ûм䣬ʱ쳣侲۾ע⣬ƵӦǿɰġůģôܴ˱䣬ĿҲȷûкʱֻ̣ޱȵƽ
䣬Ⱥ̶ʱҪ䡣
ô£
İڣϮȫϷ޷С
ǸƷļ䣬һȡãӵн۾ŮͿܲ
[ľ]ĿкƷǴʶһ㣬Խƾͼƣûٻȡ䡣
ûжԭܹǲҪ顣
ǸƷ֪ˣСָͼԴΪʱȻ¶ĸֺݶ񣬵ڶԺ֮ȥĿֻԤС
̬չ仯ӣˣƺڽ򲻿ɿӵ·ߡ
[ľ]Ƴԡ
ǸƷӸոսԿʼһֱûзʫʫķƽпһ죬˫ڳŷУɱûһ뿪
رʫʱ򣬼ֱǷհĶϮ
[ľ]Ŀ⣬¶Ц
ոûʫҴҲΪԼȡ
ֵǣԴԼǸƷȻ̶ͬȣӿһҪʲôĳ嶯
Щ˽ĶƷūռͬǸΪӱ΢Ķʻ
ܡ
[ľ]ںڰﰴ˰ϵۣüͷ
ɫǰȴٴӹƽ񣬼ŭ鲻Խһֱȥ
Ҫôң׼ôң
ҲҪҡ
ŮϨƣߣŷĽľſڣƷǴɴιˣ㶼Ĵԡ
[ľ]طʲôҡβĹעΪں𣿡
ľոոľٶǿ۵׵ģ˵ڵĵĪǾԲмġ
ⷬһ˵ڣǹĵ׵ıŤأƺԼԼĻ
[ľ]ü̫ϰôһŮǣ
ľûбŭļ󣬷𴽽ǣһڰȣںڰ￴壬Եþ㤲񣺡ŶǾͼס˵Ļˡ
֪ĸ㣬[ľ]ױŭ㡭
Ҫʫ

Ȼʶ
[ľ]ҧгݣͬʱҲκˡ
ôҲ˲Ծ
һ֮Ķ˵ԺɱҡĹ
֯ʫǶԸͬѪͽˣ֡
Ϊʲô
ľɻݳԵȾ糺죬۵Ϊʫﰡ
ûм䣬ҲܻΪʫ
ľһ㡣
κľڡֻҪһ;Իᱻסȫע
ԣ͸Ͽš
ҹ[ľ]ɳշת࣬شݳĶѶţ鼸ĶĤ
һ飬˼άȴͣǰϰߣ[ľ]߽ͬǱǸƷı̼ԽԽƫ
벻ͨ벻ף޷⡣
ûһؼ䣬վڿ͹۵ĽǶȿǸľʫԼֶܲİ飬棬ӱһƬ
Ҫߡ
ۻֲָ䡪ϾҪǸľûаֲܹУҲѱЩ᲻˺ʫ
Ծô롣
Ҫߡ
ԺﲻϻŮſɰ侲ۡ
ͻȻɳʹ⻬ıȻѿһѪ죬һſԴҪͬĲ޷й
ǽϵӰӹʳѪŤ壬̽ԲεӰӡ
УӦôУʹؿ
ԺĪģǾ䡰Ҫ
ֻϸ΢˺
Եű򿪣ľһͣСǷﰡҺʫǶŬסԼˡ
һץסڷѵ[ľ]ͷһ·С
ڽҪ뿪ʱǻ亹סſָڷס
ľĮƳһֻۣðۣʫӣͱ
Ʒõ̫ǿͷҲᡣ
ľʫᡢ⸱ªˡ
ʲô
Ȼ֣ǿͷŴĬغ᲻ͣһ·ζˮ飬ڻѩС
ľϵһط²ܣһţӵǧҵйʫļŶ㿴㣬ûҵ⸱ӣҵ˻ˣ
˿ںԼҲһԱ
ǺǺǺǺǡſڵЦǿͷԭȴĪֹͣٶȣҲǱǡ¡Ӱ죬ԥԥ֪Ǻá
ʵЩҲ㾭İɣĵƷ[ľ]Цռȵ
㶮ʲôľ⣬䵭ؿһۡ
µǲڵģͲö档
˵˵ѡҲ㲻롪ľչһЦûм䣬㶼ġ
÷ѵĶķƷľŸؼңţϵѩɳһЩѪľɳʰһ顣
صԣϣϿǽڣڵһǽ֮
תܵϣߺҽһ鷳ʫ
϶ᱻǶһҲġ˳żʣԲǡ
ԲԣҾʹҲ
гֹ
ᡣװʲôװأǼһѾǸӣҪӲˡ
ȻͳˣƾʲôһĵŲģ
䰲Ƭ̣ľĦǽ棺֪ΪʲôΪ̫ϲʫ
ҲǡǵʱʵԲ˵ģסˡҲõġ
ૣٴظִҲõģʫ


56 
ڶ,峿͸ɵȻϰҹ˺ܾòۡ
ϴԷ򿪵ӣ˯,,ȵӽĿڷҲǲʲô
Ķͣ¡
,ľأ
ǰ߶߶,Դۡ
תһȦ,ľ
ÿԵ,ûӦٴš
ûˡ
Ҵ˳Ĺš
ľ
ƿ緹Ҹӡ
ľ
ӻװСС
ľ
ҷϵ,ڴֻһ֧ʡ
ľ
б
أ
һϸɾ˶,Ͼľص̬Ҳǲܡ
ҲûС
ȻˣҾûѰˣʧ
˲֪ãӵɳԺǽ⣬֣б͹
ң
߳ȥľ,,ǽˣֻ
ҺľȻûж߹ȥʲôˣ
ʫȻչЦ,վ˿,˫ǰ̯,˫ϸһ,ѾŪ࣬ģÿ·һЩɫĻۡⲻġ
˵Уľ㿴ҶɻɳˣǧȥͬǸƷˡˣ
𣿡һ㶣־Ȼ
ȻǸ[ľ]ûм䣬϶ϲҰɲˣ
԰ʫļ̫ªʯƶûУԺҲܳһ֮ľߵģŭΪҴ򱧲ƽʫôȴһлûо뿪İǲˣ
ľˣҴûһ̱ڿ˸鸴ӵˡ
ǣ[]
Ҳǡҷܵ˳˵
ľȴһı飬ǽˣ˼ͷŭһǽڣһ첽뿪
Ƭ֮ľĽģЦʮֵĹ˳˵۵ʫ
ַҪģͱҴҶղס
ʲôˣҵͬȾҳҲգʵ
βݰľԿǶϢҾͼˣôģ㿴ҵʫˡ
뵽ոںԺβݣڿӣ˳ڸĵطһȻӡ
ͼܾе
ллһܣĬطµһѿѾľһͬʵذι⡣
ùͺͺˣֻһġ
Ժмһͻѡ
Ұؿۣ־ðֲﶼɨ
û˵ġĹءܾûᱻ
ңȥϴְɣúܺã´αˡ
ľȫûǳƵģΪ
ȥϴֵʱĥѵڷܵ˵ڸ
Ī[ľ]̼ˣڰɣ
ԹΨһĺϢǾԱܵɱ˷ץס˼ܿͿץꡣ
ҳŹûľţո¶һǰٹҹ־ƬʱڻǱֵĺá
СͳйһЩƷϸڵỊ̇һҾЦ⣺֯𣿡
òͷԡã̡
һ˶·
֯治ʱ򡪡ǳ㿴𣿡ĵƺ±
ˡһش
һ̶׵֡ԴǼֵ鷢󣬺ö˶ֵֹġ
ֵֹģ
ѽҲ˵һЩŮŮǷȻҶûпãܺ£е˲ûпЩĳࡪ˵ˣ󲿷ֵֶֹġ϶ǱˣҪˡ
š
ΪľЧ
ңǸǿǿҲˡ̶֣Ȼһм
һ㶣Ǹֶ󽫶ȫ̶ˣ
԰Ҳ˵֯治ʱ򡣡
ңҲá
ﲢδ̫ãܿ죬̶еһһǰֵѰټһİ취
ʧĻ̻̣ǰҲδ˵סʲôֻܷŻء
ȴһֱԴԴϵ͵͵Ѱˡ
ջɣǰһҴ˾ľһְ˷ʼĴˣڵľ״̬Ѿηη˫ӵ۾˺Ȼ
ľغòҪȥҪȻͲˡ
ԼįΪɣôߵҪһʮСʱڱжʮСʱʮŷӸһǸһʹģҭ
ңˡܡ
ľã޴֣Сèһһһʵؿûдҷֺ
ֱһ죬ڵСӰͻȻľһ䣬üᡣ
Сһֱûͣ¡
ҳȥһۣվҺ֮
߽ôˣ
̧𣬡Բ㡪
ʲԺȻػ򣬼ĽǶһ˲Թȥ

˴ھӽ㣬Ϊ˵ҪҪͱ밴˵
ΰѹôǡҵأУǲԽôĶ԰ɣ
Ȼˣһ׳ֿЦͽܿͻ
ֻʣ°һ˵ʱȻ֨ѽ򿪵죬عͷ
֯ҵŲ֪ʱһ죬¶һ˫ĶȺ˱Ӱ۾
ֻ˫۾޾⣬ǻˣǿֲĹ֮
Ŵˣ˼УҲ˿
ǹƳһۣһĨκ¶ȵЦޱȣƺҪŵһػصԼС

ɻֻһ£
޷ӵпɶ񱰱ɵĸǾøø࣡һ
صҲպ̶׵ĸǸֹһЩˣͲطɱЩ˹
ƭֻҪע㲻ܼ㻹Ϊһ壡
ЩһԸע䡣
Ȼڵң屻ͬһһ֡
ÿһԸԸһ
ֻҪư룬ͻӶĵж˿顣
мļƻȻ롣
ԴԴǰĳ֮ˣԴԴϱĸ֮壬Щ֫ǱѷһγɵߵССɽ
ȵһ˾ͻյ
ǣ˴೤óªޱȣдֲڵˣޱ߷Ůˡ
ҲҲǲ˽ôأ
һֱûԸĻ˵뵽˼άѾݣȻԼ粻԰Ρ
ûӦҸᡢƯ壡ͻģ
Ѱ˺ܾãﳤĺ˲࣬Ū˺󣬳ĸɶüۡ
ȥѰңһŮӳɰͣӹɵĺÿ°ǸŮ
ܸÿ˰ɸ

Ҽǵã˵ľСͬһܡ
źԾʹźһ𱻰һҡ
ʪڰ
ǽлɵ˻ͬɫ˷ܵظʧ١עɫҺ塣
󣬱ע˶һеȴС̫̫См˵ֱ۱Ӳ˳ŵ˷гճյЦ
ڵİŴڽ䣬ƺͲעӡ
ɽתң˰С㲻Ҫ£ġ
ҵ챻ţֵصɴֱۣ۱һ˰סҵȫѵֻʣһ䣬µ״ҵƤ¡
ҵһ˲ӿ
ͬ͵ڱڵĸɱȡ
Ҳ֪Լ᲻ᱻͬ϶İɣѪҺûм飡
ҵĺҭСţһܵѪҺȥ֪ΪʲôҲЩѣθСǲŻµѣΣһԻãҵ񾭡
Ƥ΢΢ʹʧĿİϥǺͺԵʹҲͬ
еĿ־塢¡ȾҵѸٱ룬Ǵһʱգ˼άٶ
ѪҺҳλãҵĿֻš
ô£ôôЧˣһɻ
ЧҲİɣողµҪǰ𣿡
ǣûôҲأɺȻЦ϶ǵģ
ԺУһӣ̫ˣұѹҲȥ
ֵǣ˵ʹֱۺǰĶĴжܲˡ
ڳٻţų˺ҴԵĴ̼
ȥˡ
˳
ǵ֫һˣ
ڣͬ֫ഩ壬Ťع۷ĻȽš
Ϊ̫࣬кܶ˶ûվڵ棬ǱȺУ߼缷ȥףÿһռһһˣǵ֫屻ȽţеĻδͬϣѾŤ˲
ȰǶʬ档
ã
ǵĲ֫ǶѳɵСɽڵɢ
ͷ֫ɣеһжѳѪɽ
Ӧþµ˫ȷʵȴΪ˼ٶۣûмʱķӦͲûбŵ·һݴڵĤ޵رұʹ񾭡
ұ
ʪֺ̹ǵʬ֮ϡ
˯ҿŶϵˮ컨壬谵ĻбǼġڶŪҵڴߴҵ˯⡣
ǹѪķ˰ɣҳ뵽
ֱۺͺԵҲٳٵ΢΢ʹ
̱һһ־壬ᣬˮ˳Ŷ£û뷢䡣
Ȼƺһֻƿ渲ǵʬ⣬ظҵĺԣ˰ͼһס
Ҹеµġʼ纣˰㷭ӿЩ֫ѪԷͬһٶȷɿϡ
ҵ嶼ź˵һˡ
ĸ߶Ȼӿɽ𶥲һֱŵңܺõסҵ壬ҳ΢΢ûƶ
ɡɣһƺײⳡ棬ڵأе
ɸϹҲͬס
˵ܹٶûô찡
ԻɲŻϰԵһʱŷյ
ұ˷ļǿһǣۡ
µʬǣȿֺΪͬһĿĶ𽥳һһֱס컨ϵĵƹ⣬ӰܲÿһͷչֵЦ
ҵҰ͵ͻȻðĸľҵͷңЦϧָʪӣֱ۵ࡣ
ͷŶ˫شŲһľδȫԴûгȴһֱֻۣΪסҵĽס
ʬڼᣬ˭һȴûдŵҷֺ˯ʣ˯ȥ
ʫʫ
˭ں
𣡣յһ˺
żһ˼Ŀռ䣬˳ǣȻˣôҲӮ˰ɡ
Ȼʫͷֳһľ˫ҵĶ࣬Цӯӯ
ҵǳ׻ָѾָȫ壬ֻü˼ĸǣֱ׵رڵϣﻹߵ·ȫߣľ˼򵥵·
ʶѵһ̣ԼһľĴϣ߶꣬еľſţ°ͣͼȤһҵָÿָȥеľϵ࣬Ȼһ㻺ʹô
ҷӦ˼룬Ȼڵһһľײͷ
һ᲻ᱻͬץסһľеʡ
ΪҵĴ㶡
˲Ϳˡ
ɣ
ءҵ᲻ͣ£ҾҪ˰ѧûأҿ˰
ҿ޵ңʼűˮģһƬ۾Ƭ̣ɵʵĻ𣿡
ᰡʫ㲻ᱻͬľŻعЦù˼ˣսָҵ棬ˣ͵͵źһͬҵƤֻ㣬ᱻ[]ɱѪҺӦù¸мŶԣʫʩģĺҸ
ʼһֱαװɱƽľһ˲¶ֶʼɵૣβͳ
Ĳ𣿡
Ŷָֻİƽ飬ǵҵ
ľ쳣žҲŷеĿⶼڴ˴
ȴûóȻţھȡ
ҲŵԻ˻飬Ŭһ裬ǡ
һľֱ߻Щ}˰
ûûϵԼˣܱЩҪ˺ҵö˰ɣ
ӦúµĹڱԼеȴ˺ԼԲøе־壬õģõġ
ӲͷƤŬ򶨣ỹǺܳʵ˵ҳ˼£žķΧֻȿڣǸЩأ
ǰһһľóһ¶δĻǱˣиڵİҲúûţˡ
ʮһģһͬʱ𴽽ǣ΢˺ÿһֻ۾װҵĴڣЦ֮αװƽҾᱻסķΧ
ﰡҺܰɣʫйŶ
ôԴԡ
ҿǺòײסˡ
ʫʫ㻹𣿡

ǣЩľǶһһ˵ֻһ˵ûҸеţÿǿ塣
ȻǺܳ


57 
ߴߴ,죬ʮ޲ħ,Ҳ˵һ˵겻,Ҫ˵
ʫһ˰ɣǸ
ʫʫѵͷ𣿡
̫̫˰ɣʫ϶,𣿡
죡ûʫﲻ˵𣡡
ǲ˵

ŵİƽֻǱ棬ͱ,Һƽʱûʲô仯һһس
ң
оǹۿгˣؼ,·ߵ·ͻ
Ͳˡ
ľǾԲֵģϲˣһ
ﱻŵսս,Դ,ɪɪ,˫ͻܸովƬһĸӰ졣
ɵھҵǰһļħشļ¶δ֪Ŀ־塣
˭Ҳ޷׼ȷһ̵ĸܡ
ʬɽѪ,һȺ˳ӿжϵֱŵء޷Ŀӵ֫ں,Ѱұ岿֣ܸȫ塣
ЩԴƶ,ɫ۰ײֵڴ,Ĵ,ɽͷҲŬ
Щ֮֮ϣһŮ˳ȾСػţ԰׵ֱֱϡϣʹ԰ȡ
ѪⷭӿϰŨ
޷ʣΪһʬɽǰԵôС
ڸһǰԵôһ
ֻʣ¿־壬һϸϸ˿᧿Σţҡҡ׹
㡭ͻȻڣȴǳҡ
ҵѸϾҪֹľǵȴȡ
ľ̼䰲һû˿죬ľʪĵҾԵüȱտһ˫˫۾صųͷ亹ˡ
Ҳû˵ƺܵ˼ĳ
š
ٹһİڿлʣ·һսҰֶûиֻܵΡ
Ĭ˼ʮ룬û˵
ң
Ҳľ˶࣬һһֻܹӲͷƤȿȡ
ţһ˲ȫԴתҡ
ң˵ʲô
һľ̲м԰㵽˵ʲôµ˷ʫʱ䣡
踺صľʮóʢ˵̬вˣ˵˼䣬㱼һΪʲôֵBossǳһ
㡭ñƽѪ˿ܲ˫۵ңǹôܶ˵ĸ飬Ƕļ壡
ۿľҪæֹǲͣ
ɱôˣǽ취ԺоɡҰ˰̫Ѩ
ǻصһ⡣
˿ľעš
ͷƤ顣
һľܵشչסңʫҪ˭ȥǸʧˡ϶ǴҰɡ
һ㶣ôʧģ
ľЦ
ܿҾ֪˴𰸡
ڵҵſڡ
˵ҵľǸʱǵһ˾ҪٲȻҪͬھ
Ǽ׺͵ţȴûбŷ͸¶Ѫ׵⡣
˵ֵסŵĳ׹رգŵķ˼ħǲ˱˵İΣѹסţֱɱ˷ľץסҲȻûбסֵ˵屻ŷмѹֹ·ĶϾ
ҵ۾һֻסûпմȾδɽëϵʪ
ҽסǸľ֣ƺһ룬ʱ赲Ĥͻس£ЩӿƣųϮҵĴԣһ˲ԡ
Ҳҳʧȥ˿ſڳĻᣬǿҵĳС

ߵľؽסŮס
̫ˣŵİ취һľţĮ
԰ʫ϶Ầµġ
Ҳֻ˰ɣֻ뵽취ô
ǺǺǺǺǡ
㻹ҪðƷ
ʫľźüû취ʫҪסҵ֡ˡ
ʲôЦ
죡ûʫﶼ˯𣿡
ž䣬ľǵĿڶԷ룬˵Ķ˼ɵǵصس
ӣջǵǡ
ҡһľ֣˫ĽŮ
ԣҵģһֻһסŮȵ
ڻ˯ΧĹʱȥº͵Ƥ¶̰޵ߵһһ¶տ̵ļޣ˫̽·Ҫ˺Ƭ
Щʱȴ̬ȣСΧľǳסǰ˵ĺڷǶںԼǰˤڵصľַ߷ߵվǰˣԴ
ˤվ𣬾ͱһŲסǰ
ʫľһʼͱΪڻ˯ǰס֣˭ҲΥԸ
ռʼɣȫԸǰõ
гĵ
ʶѭȥı䲻֪ԼΪǺεȵ˽Ƕغǻ仨
Ĵţһֱֻ£һֻ־޷ǰĽױסһֱֻĦָǣɫǸед塣
Χڵϵļ˻ſǰһĻ
Ĺﻥ˴һһһӵų˯Ůӿˡֲ
ֱʫоˣڻüͷ
ǲֹͣ
˿̴ָˣȲȶϣ֨֨ط죬˲ָ
һֱʫֵǸľڻвӲ֪ЩƷŤϹٴΣֱ۲㱻ϣһŤĻȻָԭ״
ûǿӲضʫûסɿֻܽŭйϡ
ֵľ򴽽ǵѪ
ÿ㽫ʫͻȥҫһؿ˿յ֣̾˿Ҷ˵ˣֻҡЩʵðƻΪʫĵһѡ񡣡
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ʫץסľЦţû˵
յԴԴϵش£ĴָĲźۼذĦš
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µľǼޱȣݵͷ䡣
ǶİôȴֽΪڻ˯ǰץնòЩ˽ġ񶾵ġǿռɴڣֻʶѡһиһС
ЩӱӵƷԱȦդڣ¶֪Ŀƽľٶֻ뷨Ϊ׼ѡ
ľǲδԴһжôȻ
ʫĻôȻȻ¡
Ǹ˵ľŮԶ߸߷ɣ˭Ҳ֪ҪݷòܻȡһĻᡣ
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ǵģǧҪͽհˡ
ҲľֳɼˣΡ㡱ҵͬأ
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ҵĴ˿һ
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ʲôаͲô
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һҵ
ľǲʫûҲˡʫܾҲҡβ͵Ѫѡ
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˼ޣƾ°ˡʫġľƺ˵Ǽ֣ʫĻѾǼޣܱϲ롣
㿴ʫľͻȻüԹЩƷѪôô޴ǧҪǣЩˣ᲻֪ݵĵôߣǱӡ
ҳ˳ǣ˵ҽ
ľ룬ЦҵĻʫһѪҲŲʫѪôԸҲҪԼ档
һĵ飬·ԼѾôˣ߳ľһء
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ΪⲻǴ𣿱Ǹ»Ǻֲܿܺ¡˵
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۾һᣬ涵עӣһɱж޵ģ
ʫѾʮСʱʮӣġ̫ˡӦøм㣬˵ˣʫɳūа
ңڡ
ָѪûе£Ƭ̣֮䣬һʺѪˮС
ƺܲԸȴֲŮѪҺʧһΣֻԼȳ棬ɫܿ콫ˮȾ
Ҹܵҵ˿ڵʹڷļȬֻܼʹС˵ܲʹⲻǸΣ
ҺûȫСɡ
ľõشסͷҵļ羱ҵĲྱ
ѪҺȻֳһ㡣
˿ûѪ
ѪֻǽһˮȾһЩɫǱˮѾѪǱϡ͹ġ
࣡
Ȼˮ汬
ľɫѿֽȫˮС
ҶûӦӾͿˡ
ң
ҹҲһ赹飬δͬȫ֣߱ˣӦòٷŹǣڵİҲҽԺסԺ޴󰭡
ҿҵָ
ϸСĻھȻˡ
ľʵʲôʫԵҵأֻʫеġ
㶵ضõָʵʲôã
ľһ٣ҵĴɫڵƹ¸ӵϵĹ˿
ഺ
ȻԶһ
ǵĺڽͷӣΣڣ㲻ģ԰ɣӦġҲ㡣
ľزҵĲ
Ӻһè
Ȼʫ
ǻһȻޡ
һ뵽
˫۾ůñɰƤýӲ
Ҿ͡ãһ˲һЦҲ֪ȫ󲻳ء
ʫʫʫľʼҵĲȻǣޱȵճˡ
΢ɢŹƻĵ۵ĺڰǸǣˣմȾ顢ִ
õ㣬


58 
,ǻڵļȫϣһһͻľľóϸ΢Сӳɿ졢С
ҳסĶ,ܵҵ̬ȣ뿪ʪˮ⣬΢кδĴ죬糺β
顢ӿһء
ĴϢҲЩ׻߹ĵ͵͵Ը,һ޾ġ֦һޡèһĹˡ
ҵΪصĺ΢΢,Ҷ,ҵĺͦ,곤ܲԲࡣ
ľ,ٴθǹ,Ķҵؿ,ƺҵ
ң
ǿбס
ʫÿ㶼ġЦ˵ĻҲ̫
ۿҪҵؿ,ƿͷ,⿿Ůؿڶ
Ϊʲô
ұտԣԼ,֪ʶ޷ˡ
֪ˣľ΢΢һ,۽ޱһ³,,üЦ,Ϊؿ,Ҫ
Ŷ˵Ǳ档
ǾΪʫܲˡ˵˱棬ȴһԵãԼɵѧϰٶȡ

Դе裬̫ƣһҾͳȥںԺվվľ粽ظţڿռСӣҲһֱ档
ҿûǵҹգͷԺǽǸССںҹﰲһ𵱳֪ľĸܡֻ˵Ѿ䲻ʱ顣
ľҹȤҿˣҲѧ̧ͷһۣȻζŤͷҡ
ұöϰˣľȻһܡ
Ͽӿݣͻ룬ָָǶʵظľʵΪ㽨Ĺ
Ĺ˼Ƭ̲ſǶѲѡ
ؿ˰Σռôʫء
㲻ϲ᣿
ŲҪʲôġҸõܳª
ȷҲᡣڻ𻯰ɡ
ľƳһۣû˵
·ͷǰôѵǹŴʱģ
һǸͣԴмհ׳״ܾòľء
ľȤʫҪ𣿡
⻹ܿ𣿡
Ȼˣǻ빴ˡ
ʹԺɱ˸İʾﶼȻֻżһ𣬾ϲЩ˱ıõˣʱԷĶɱ⡣
еˣô
ľƺܲ۾ͷעģסϲصͷҵĴȻסҵ˫ĺνסҵĿ⡣
۾ڴ˿̾ͷһصǿգɢǿǧٱ
һֵߣ֮Χƣҵһθܵڱ˵ħ
ͻأģԺðһ뷨
ɱ


ǣܸ˲ֵᷢġ
ҪҺ¡
գգۡ
ľһι渵һ˲·ҵޱʵá
һֵļԭ֣̬ǹżߺȵȥڵס·ռˣСС
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֪Ϊʲôˡ
ľְҵ廨ŵģΪһֱҵñĸԸҲġ
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ķ̫ɢϣۡ
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̧ͷҺۣ˯
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Ҵϣܱһȥ𣿡

ľ΢΢ɴ۾Եмֿɰˡ
ǳɵرңƼ䲻Ҳ̫룬Դλãһᣬֱ˯
ѩϵ΢ϸ죬ҵĺԶҵξ


ľûˣܾñϵʫҪ˼·Ϊҳ΢΢亹
ܿŮůĺĲྱǣ㱼ֱֱ·ƵģԾ
ʫ˫ִǰŮǰסƽȵļݹ
ľҲͬͬһƵţǿʻĹҲԼ͸õϢ
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ľͣס˽ŲɰͰͿŵϵñӡ
ʫҲ볳ĶǾܱȵʧȥġ
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ЦЦǰȴûз̫Ц
һ㶵ĹƤͻȻðɫķ˿
Ŵ죬ĺڷĺͷӿɴۿҲз˿̽˳ڿצɢŭ
ٶֺþһ˿ת鿴һԵĸ
ͷĸ̧ۿ¥ϵ¶ķŭʢŭʹüĕi
һ˲䣬ȱĺڷڶɣһźɫ͵ëš
̨ϵľֹͣЦһرӡ
ڵůɫ߳׷ָ


59 
ڼǰ,Ժʧ,һʧ,֤֮˵Ѿõȷϣʧٵ˸ݵʾ,Ŷ,ûһأļȥ,ȥ˹⡣
ûʧٵˡ
լҲ׻ķϡ
ʫμӸһ˿Ե,ҹ֣Ҷ֦γŹֵĺӰ,Ŀ,ɭϢ
ڴּľ߳첲ܲŻۡ
ӾԺԺ󣬾ȻԼòǳõһ仯̫񸻽ˡ
ԽԽ,ԽԽüëӵϸɫ,ɽӵıһ۾мԲͬèͫףβȴѸ,γδޡ
ƢҲӵ׽͸
,ʶࡣ
Ǹͬһڿɣ
Ų·,Խ˽Ӵ,ԽܸоԸı仯סּľʳͷΪ
ʵıɱĸоȥ
岻졣
Ҳ˰
ֱգͻȻԼĶھɵļûû
ҹļң̧Ѳӣֻİвް˸
δԼѾʧȥ˶Լ˵룬ɶԡսʤһմմϲ
¾ɵɿĻɫߣڡ
ֱԼķ䡣
ƿţ䵹ҪߵĶ
·ʲôʽ
ʲô̫ˣ
У̫˻

𣬾ҲһԴߵĶֻʣһûң׶ѷǰ鼮̲Ļһ顣
島һһֱһɫƤռǱУɫ۾˿ȾЩɫոջͷü˲ɿ׷ǳ
ȻߣϸӴʶ˻ֻ֮϶塪Ǹ
˼Ͳϸ壬ռǱֻдȼҳˣЩĵҵöʦӮͬѧ
ֻһҳдķǳϸ
[ϵǸ֯Ȼſˣ̫ѷ˰ɡ]
[ͦæֲѣϹǳˡ]
[Ǹ֯˵ϻˣǲų]
ڸ֡
Уڿһ۸ŮʱδԼֹȥʦСֵӴ˵ôģһʣƲû˵СҲеСĽ취ɣ
亹ˮܵرܡ
⣬ʼ鱾ϻɳɳ
иʱٿ䵭µüۣòؾܾ󽫹ϵֵһ
岢ʲôˣôһʱ䣬ʦôü֯ʧȥһݼְ
ȻԼԼģش͵ţ·ѾΡ
ͻȻףԸųյȴޱȼġ
쳣ƽ
ռǱ޼յİӸֿʼִš
ʫڣȻøһˣָĦǾ[ϲ֯]
Ц۾ɫݣ̼ȫİɫӸβĺڷƤӨӨ
塱ʧȥ˴һ˿ʶӵ˱ӱӵĹɡ
ϲϲ
жϲҲϲ
ߵĻ
˺
СĦֽ֣һͺ˺١
ֽмȻ¶ãɫ
˶ʫġϲЩ˶ĵϲȫȻͬ
ʫأ
ľʶԱĿڿ˵ϲˡ
ϲǱūʹЩɱľٶǱѡ
ʫﲻͬѡ
ɱ˷ܵû΢
˵һǣһӵһ仰
ѵ
ֻҪʫĸ鷴ۺõĻ˸߲ҵյȫա
ֻҪֻҪϵ
ֻȻܽκһ棬˺ĶԴʽֻҪʫ̲סڴ
õģʽֻҪʫȲ
ﻯΪһ̲ˮֻҪӳճģֻҪ뿪ôԴϲ
ڵĵƹӰӰ´£ߵƺڰƬ֮ʣµֽҳҲ˺һҲʣ£ϻ˵ĳ룬ӸǶȱ
Σƹرգһٴδͽʱȣֱ̥ǣȫȫΪһˣҲĺۼ
ͬľǿ˼
ʫѧҪȥ
ǿϲôСݼĸǾۼĵط
ȥλãЩﻹûмʫʱһ
ЦŸȥ
ʫδѧУΪģľͼѰһ˾þӵĵطľµķӡЩͱһЩƷ͵͵
һĲҪЩסϾǿʫδҪסģҪΪЩƷ˴ңô죿
֮мĶղؽǷӿ˳ûм䶼ѰҸݻķݣЩӡ
ʡҹ𣿡ֵϣһ۾ʦ˽סꡣ
ľعͷ´˴Ƭ̣ĵػشǰ
˵Ŀ޷ƿȻֵĽǶȣԵϲƬĿǣһݹŶҽܣzʦ
z󣬲ʫѧУ
ľתƬ̣濴ƴЦðлл

ٽѧӡ
ٻȥһЩҲ֪ľ֪֪ҵĴ㣬պǰһˣ˵һҪ¿·ûٻ֪˵ǲǻԣҾֽһ˸ϳȥ
˺٣˯ֻ˰·ײͻȻһҡΣðͳֹͣ
ô°˾
ê𣿻ǿʲô˰
ҵгô찡ϳٵˣ
ײʲô˰ɣ
ϵ˳˾æ𼱱𼱰ȥ
˾³ҴӺŴܿͷ󺹵ص̽복ײ鿴
ϻӣײȴһҵļС

쳹֣һ࣬ԤʾŲꡣ
Һ˿˾ڳ¶ȿʼŪֳѵģ
ϵ˶ʱž
˲ʲôǿס˭ȥ
ȥ
˾ʱȴ˳æ̽ôˣҲֵѪһţɵҪͻƵġ
㶣漴ܡ

һ˿˾ܣɵˣӴѾ³Сͷڵ￴ͫһ
ʲô
һֻмӲǺͳķɳڳʳ׽˼£ֶĵ˳
˾ϵָӦҲ˳
ǳ࣬˶٣
֪ΪΣֻǳ棬δƷҲӦþˣֻҪ˴ɫۣͲزδ֪Ŀ־塪ҲһԡŰҪ
ˣһ˵óĴ𰸣ȴõ˵ͬ
ײǿ־巢ãϵ˷˷ļԭҲеģǶҾͱ
һ³ͳ;ҵҡʮΣա
һ˱˾Ҳͷֻ
ȥĶһŮ˿޵ӦȾ
뾯ôԶȾûˣǣһŮŭ
ܰ
˻Ų·⴦ıȥ
ҸŴ󲿶ߣͬǰɫӣ±׷ϣһ˵սܱȲһȺ˵ġ
ҹɫ٣Σյĵط
ıûһĶôѰȴûһӦ߻˾
ʲôôĮһ˱Թ
ܹǳȺˣҲ²⡣
һ·尴ҵһӦ
źŲãĵ
ãܽȥһ𣿵ȵУ
̡áֱ̡治Աֱ治Ƿˡ
Ӧһ¿ϲɫллǺ˰ǿȥ
һȥǸûʵĴûκ˵Ӱӡ
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ҼȺУع۲Χҳ˴á
ô룬û鶼Ǻֵİι
ҺܳʵŤͷҪȥ
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Ȼͨҵͨ죬ʣõͲͨǽһһţֻɫڿʳľʵţе棬òܿ֨ѽһ㵹ڰķ·ʲôҪ

˶æߣشٴα򿪣ĳȴˡ
ǣȴû˼ħһܡ
Ҫܳȥһ룬̼޷һϸϸĺɫߴӽµĵطðסҵĽףҶԭء
ŵò㵱޳
ҪˣȺˣĶܵҡ
Ľһƨɵȥ
ûʹУ˲̺ĺɫ߽ס
ứ£ϵߣΪ֣ҲĲ˲䣬ԽǺɫԽ졣
һ⻬һҫۡ
㶣ľ
ľͷǶһ޶ĴڣǴϵıϴ
ɫ߻ϲסҵСȶǡ
Ҳţôľͷأ
ͨжڷؼƺʲôȻ
쳣壬æҪɿҰ
ҵĻȴһ̬νסҡ
ҵԿǹＷխͨƹµĳ
ľԴֻĿϰʮֱֻһ²Ǿ͵ĳ壬ϰɫӲʵǣޱȣ΢΢⣬ǿĳһԱƺһڱҲҪһ˫͸
ҳ״סˣпհһƬ㶵䡣
ɫ߾Ǵǹܳģֺõȱ䣬ҸֻܲгĿ־岻סز
ڻعˮ䣺ľ
ܵİɣѵı壿ǡǰٹҹЩӦеı壿
Ŭ˽ķȥ룬Դ޴ĳ
ȴ̲סϸ΢ĲпƲסĳԴհס
ǰĿ׶࣬ס˶ϵƣ˫۾ң¶޾ί
ʵ飬Ȼùʧȥ˼ǾԼ⸱ģ׵ʫǰ¶Ầ¡˿̣ãҩõò⣬һֱһطҲòʳĲ䣬ʱ˼άңֻƾűܲס·ˡ
ͷһͬ¿ᡣ
ööʫԶ
üį
ʫߡ
ңҡ
ҲģǸϸҰ
ߴߴģᣬҿ޵ûסͷǣ޵һһģСޡ
һͨһû壬ֻóޱȣȫصĿ

ԣѵʶҵľ
ȻȻģƺֻҪľҾٲõԼİȫԵŲοֲ̬˺ңⶼҪʱ̺еϸ֦ĩڻ۳Ρ
ദãΪ׽ˣܽҵĽܶһ㡪̬ûǵľˣҿʻֻܡ
ǺǡôҶľҲǹӦˡڱɸ˹ǻˣǰⶫм͡
ҵĺһ㡪ֻһ㣬Ͼ滹˵ģ˾ָ˵ʱǶģ㡭㲻˵İɣ
ͷһشҵ⣬ȿֺߴһ˵ãҪ䣬ЩֱƺҲ֪һͷָӣҰڶһǸͷһִһµóѺЦԴ
ֱֻŤһ𣬼ֻһӪû˵ֱۻѡˡ
⸱ģ⳶ͷҲԵù¡
һʱ侹е
вгۣͣʶһ˵
̫ˣûжóԡһľȷӦ˵
һЩվʱȶġ
ľҵֵƺǿ˼ʵҹżһľֲ̬Դ˶ҵĵӣдλ͹ֻ֣ٵϣӲҪ˯ųһ亹
ʱҾԤУںһδԼľ𽥱ϵϰΪˣΪֻҶŴܸҺܴİȫУ̬ѣ˾ͺáȻҸú»Ǻ¡ӦһʱԼ֪
񣬲ߣʳؼ⣺ô¡ʲôӣΪʲôǸ桭
ʫ֪ǸϸҰҽ
֪ϸҵˣ֪
Ǹ治ǹģֻ̫ʫ
ʫǵģҴң
Ƿȥ
ң
˵ʲô
ұ۾ӾϵĳβᱻҲֻľľǾ͸ָܻ
ʲô˵Լ
ҵʱľʬѲ塪ûѪҺȹ̣˺öجΣվƽȵضȹ
ûϵûϵӿʬѺöˡ
ۣŬ侲Ȼ壬˵˵ֿʼ˼ܣ
˵ֻһ˵


60 
һϸҰҽҽԺʵ,ľΪ˹̬
ᵽԺ󡪡Ӧ˵ľƭȡķݣ޼ɵ֯ʵ顣
ķɳ˳ȥΧ˲,Щ˲֪ס
,ľһֱͬһط,õĽݺڰͨϵһСڵݽȥ,ʱʮһԣϾͣҲܹġ
ϸҰһѩ糾͵سȥ,ӦǹƷҲûл
϶ˣڳĸʬ塣һľ
治,ˡһľѡ
ʫ㲻Щɳ,ǸϸҰоķＯ,һ¾
ʫʫ,޵ô,ҡϾҵôȻˡ
쵰ڳʲô
ľ⸱̬,Ҳûпʼô£ȴһ󴮵Ϣ,ͱĺȻסҵ˫ۡ
ң
ŭļѹûҵЩֱ۸˼,֪һֻùϵĵߣֻһ,һ״ĵ̺ϡ
ӵʱֹͣ,ƺ֪Լ˴,Ȼ
Լµʲô飬ʱ
ɫ˿ýһ־׳
Ȼһͷ֪ĸָӵֱõµµһߡ
ǿŵľûзӦֻʶ۾ת˼Ȧ羰ı䡢Ҳ˾ʹŷԼȻˣ£۾ѵתҡ

΢΢ǱߵģҵĶԵ÷ǳѣת۰׵Ѫ˿¶˳
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˭ģ彩Ӳһ˼Ӵֱز˲ʪĬƬ̣ʵ
ʱҪһһƹҼһ䣺ѡ
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߲ΡΡҪǰסҵߡ
ץסҡҡλΣ˾Ƶġ
Ҵδ˱ȹԼҲûôѣЩɱ˷ľ̬ϵĹ죬ûıΣвĿ־壬ӾͺӦ
ţҿԣ
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ҺëȴܳʵһֱţΣ塣
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أ徲ֹĻӦ˲٣ɵʹ۾߹ȥͷ
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ϵһľɫƵЦˣ֪жô𣿱ʫۡ
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Դľߺһ󣬻ָɫ
ԴмʹĿԴҭҭȻᡣ
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˯Լܵɫҵ֫ذ

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ֱ۱յҲͬճɻҽ
㶵ľĺĽԼָ
ľǰΪҸһ⣬ĴʱǱ˶ɵ˺Լȴġ
Ͼôۣôԡ
㶵ʱ䣬ֿʼݣҲ֪Ϊһѱסǰӵľһ˲ɴ۾
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԰סľĵطӦϸͣôĵĶȻΪҵһ֡
԰ʫҲӣһľʼįشչͷ֧ԱߣϸҿĲ
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61 
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͵Ҫر㣬ԼΪ֯Сһ顣


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63 
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,īɫһȾζ,˲κűߣ޹,۵׷ӿżޡ
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ֻһԼ뷨,ܿ챻֮ԺΪʫǽмһͬʵ,ûбһ
걧ϥ,˫۵ͫɢſɲִ,һ㣬˼άҲԷƷĺֱָϵ⣬ָڷס
ǸƷƾʲôӲʲôһǸƷĴ
Σ۾ڵס󲿷ֵͫס
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ڵᣬ֪޾ġ
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64 
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˫,Ƽ,ðͷԵͷ档
ͷụֽ̋ٻ³Ѿ޷ӵĵز
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ȻҪ󣺡ͲҪȥɳ̲˺òãˮˮһܵġ
šʯͷһľ֪û뿪ȷʵʱԶǵطȽϺá
ҴӦˣðɡ
ھƵûʲôģֻҹڸڴӾиɶԡ
Ҳĵع˹ƵΧľúܣ˵һ󰲾ֱ࣬ҹҾȥҲֻȥ㵰⡣
ľҪȥҹһԺ޴ӾﵽǾپƳŮŮһͲʵڰգʵİߵƹⲻס˸쿪һľưء
еˣЩѰ˼ɵģм̫ǿӲһ˾ƣǸҲŭԵӣû̡
ϾǰѧУʶΪǳɶԡ
ҷǳĵضľһȦ
ľһ㶣ͷһۣĹ𴽽ЦЦںҹİ߲ʵԵޱȹˡ
ӳƵ࣬Ӧ˵κγľ߸ϵһ
˸Цӯӯ׸ҡ
ҿҪڨˣæѸѸپ׽ǡǿ߰ɡ
ʫﻹûԱءľЦ
˲ˡ
Ҫ뿪Ǵļ̹ŵٶȼӿ죬ľһ죬ҷܡ
߳ţǺڰͰ·ɭֲݴԡ
ļ˽кš
ǰľûйһμ˷°ȵȣǸľǡľϢȻŴԼħ˲壬Ͷ
ֻǸԼ뷨δͣҾͱľסҵ죬˫΢䣬һںڰйܵ
۾
ô¡أ
ﲻˡǲ·ˣ
ò˵Ǹڷģһ۾Ī˰
Ҳǡ
ԻֵҸеб˺ľһμĸŨҡ
һŴǵǴӺ洫
ںϢģȵˮ࣬Ƥľ֣Լֱ۾ңƺǳϲӯЦ⣬Դڶ
һ˺ߵҵǾǸŮҲܿɰǻ᲻£һð
ľȻɫ̧Ŀȥˣ޻ʵĺɫҰ
ɲɲɣ
ԤС
Ȼľ̤һɫƺҪȥá
Ҽæס
ͷûͣͷ
ǼǺǣʲô۾ҿŶľ
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ۿҪѹסֲ̫ܿĶֹ
һ
һᣬס쳶
ӣͼﲻС
ľ˶٣һ΢΢ȴʼСһҵģ˫۾һֱ΢۽ޡ
ʪȵ壬ó档
ұɿ֣׷ҧסҵɿ

Ұϲ˲
ľûĿ꣬˳ƴǡ
úճˣľҵĿǻУֱ۲òסĲӵ֧ŵ㡣
˵ʲôҲˣһƬ
ҷӦصƵʱȫ⣬ľϲ˱ҧǶȼҲѻ
㡭Ҫȥ鷳֪𣿡Ҽǿض˵
ľӦˡ
ҲǱúܽ˯ڶǾͷ˼ҡ
Ҳʱʱ̶̿ľһֲӤû̫˿ռҲܷȥˮʱһȥġ
Žˮֻ꣬һ
[֯ܰһ]
Ǳ
룬˸绰ȥ
ȷǱˣֻƣû̫֣Ҳûʧȥǵĸо
ҹȥˡ
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ȻһҺסһ˲ſŵģŵ֫¶̧ͷһ˲䲶׽ҵ۾ӡ
ڵ͸⣬βһ㣬ޱؿңĺڷѣߴµĺɫԵӴĪ棬ûˡ
ֱעҡ
ľ
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ָ֪ľܻΪܵŭ޲˱ˡ
ǡô찡򲻿С֪ΪΣľʶҾˣͦĿôôëȻġ
񱻹ļڣȥƤ¶˵ںˡ
԰ֳСóͻȻ
һǿסûлͷëһ˲Ǹľƺң״ɻͷĳһĺڷ΢΢˶Ĳ⡣
Ǹҡ巴Ӧ˹ҲſȥԼĶͷͷʹƵĴףһ룬һԿ׵ݸҡ
ҳȥߣ֯ģҰԿ׸㣬ҽ䷿
ҽӹԿף˳ȥš
ڼž
ͷңҶ£һһ˺Ŀ⡣
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ŻعƵģЦЦǰֻǸ˵˼仰ѡңô۸Ұ
ðɣǧ׽ŪһʧȥǣǾͶΣˡ
ðľ˵ֵ꣬С㣬ȾҰɡһҾͺϲ㣬С߳ȥ
취ûġס˵
ľǴЦ⣬Σʶҡ

Ҷ˶٣һ˲ľ¶Ϥɫ۾Ѹᣬɫ󣬿ؿߵʫʫˡüį
ǻָˡ
Ҳ֪ôοɰͰ͵ͷˡ
Ϊ̫ˣͳ档

㻹ܿͷİаɡ
аʫǸ˹֣뿴ұϣ룡ҲԼӣû϶ô󣬻ɱң³ǱˣӦŶԷһ
Ƭ֮ľġҵӣ׵ֱ۴ӿ϶˳ָҵɫ۾ܿ
ʫҴȥ֪ô⿪ӾͲҪ⿪ոջӵ̼գü䣬ͰҹʫķһҪҡ
һ
˷ܵò԰ƤðɫˣƺԼÿնܼҵĳ
ƻյļһ֪ⲻǱҡ
ľǸʱҾͲһ˵ʱҼҷҪ᲻ᱻˣ֣ܾ߱öһĪΡ
˼ˣҾܾŲҪ
ľ˫ϣ
ʫҡ
ҸɴԭأԳ˳ǣֻЩ
ĺʹడʫÿ춼û˵ûʳûйгҧҡľ̿ʼ߿ԼʱǶôʹį
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ͬʱҲ˱ˡ
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أҸܵб˿һĶ̽Ҳ֮ǰҵСȣϥ䣬ֲݺӡ
һæԶ롪ȴãֻԶĴࡣ
ľߵȾϵ糺졣
ҪߣĺüįʫľֻҪʫĻκҶüˣֻҪʫĻԶҲįġֻҪһʫǰЩĵͻȻˡ
ļȤģĵģľκθӰ죬ֻǻʫȻòܸǼįǱʫӾͺˣϧôĺܿϧ
ҿ
סҵǺɫķ˿
֪Ϊμʹ˴˿Ҳûɢҿ־Ҫ˺ҵϢиǰȫġ
Ҹе˿ԽԽ࣬˿˿ƣػҵƤڣһ·ϡ
ͷƤ飺ľ侲һ㡣
Һ侲˵۵׵ȷһƬƽЦ⡣
ٴθҵĴбǼ⣬۾ɫķ˿ʵˣٹңȴʹֻǺܽ
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һ̴ҵĲĿ־壬ǰδеһİĺ¡
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ұȻɿ˼룬̧ĨĨβûµᡣ
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̧ͷſ⣬ҾͲˡ
·ʲôصᡣ
Ҳֻ֪е̲סʫ´βˡڸоʹԲҪҡ
ʫܹҡ
֪ܶԼ˵ʲôˡ


65 
޿,˫սˣڹţڷ٣ӨԲļ΢΢,̫们,һߵļȫ¶,磬Ǹԡ
Ϻɫɸд̼Ÿй١
ɤЩ޵ƣ·á
˼£졣
ʫһȥɡľϣе˺ɫ
ذ,ôȥ
϶ҪʫøոǸùæص
ù
һŷ˵,ʱԶƬ̡
ңһҪ˺أ
ľæͰɱɣ
ŲҪɱ˺ܲõģҺܿ¡첲㵹ûʲô,һҪΡ
˵˵²۵ҲҪӰ
ľ¶һҲɱ飬͵ʫôأһ߲ͺˡʬ岻֡ϣûʲô˼ʹϵ,û˾û,˭Ҳᷢ֡
ѹ,߱ԼĹ۵,ֱӵ˵,
ľ,۾۰Ͱš
Щԥ
ΪѾһľ,ô˵ҲƻԼ
ǰֵĻһѡ,ϧǱġ
ǾѡɡľҵɣЦ
ʫĻͿԡʲôԣôԡ
۾΢УβЦϹ
Ҳһʼڽżįįģȴֿ¶̹Ȼѡ
Ϊٵôһڶġ
һ
û⣬Ҳûָڷ׵֡
ֺõЦǷ궯ѹƵúܺá
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ع򣬱ع򣬲ܺһ𣬲ŻȡʫԸ
볣治ܽקסЩƮƮŮԼȴܣͬƤסĺٹһɫս
ҪǰԽʱնĲϲ˷ܵЦ⡣ͷȥȻ󸴻ѭ껹Լӹ̣رϧĴԲɿ
һҪɿܵҪǧٱʹࡣ
ϴǸʯĴѾŭʫһΣٶʱҪסԷռɵ֮ìϴﵽ˹ƽ⡣
ľˣ¶ЩĽš
Ӳҡ
Ǹ
˲ųЦ⣬ӵĹ˳ͷţ˫۷
ϲ̫¶̫⣬Ҳɵִ̧ӷ϶ȥľ̿ռҵģ˲䣬ǡ
ʫҪһͱ֡ʬڻĽҰ룬϶Ҫɼˡ
סôأ
ΪǳĻʫľ˵ֻҪ[]ųȥܻһЩ۾Ķĺܲҵʫ
ʫﵣҵĻǾͰҹһҪҳȥͺˡ
ڵ飬ΪԼĴ̫۾̫񶾣ܽһС
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εĽ飬ôȥ롭
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߳Ĵ˿ûʲôˣģһҵĽż⡣
ۣߵˣһкĵƤ
ĴͲûУ߸ʱߵòãһһԵؽкͷϡ
ðɡ
ܹͷк׷ҸϣȴǶԽ͵ά
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ҽݸҡͷû¡
кҲϵһкհγġ
͡˺
ҿȥ
һ侫µкӣŵҵؿڣż޵£ȴǶ̿㣬ϸ¶෫Ь˵ɬ
ڵ۾ľӵԲ󣬸ӵ۵èմӤʣһ㣬ƫСȻУĿɰ
ס
⡭Сľ𣿣ȵȵȵȵȵȡĺҲԡǰ˵ԼǴе𣿣
㣬˵ˣèһͫһգգضӣһ˲ҷ·𿴵˳ľռĽ񣬵һƽʱľûʲôһЦ
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ҼۣźۼҪǸҿ鷳
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δҲ֪ô죬쳣˵ûжʡ
͵ǽͰɣһߵҪǸĺӡ롣
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֮ǰӸ˺ڲҲƿҪ͵
ĦһǶϵĺڲޱ飬ü̧ͷȴһЦð㡣
ЩӺĻ˳ؾ͹ˣಢأҲڰæ
ߵʱҺͱ˶˵ҽľˡ
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ҸлǣݸÿһΡ
͹ɵ˵ллˣǲ¡
Ŀ뿪
˵Ǹﵽʲô¥һƺҪ͵ע⣬һ˵
ͲŲЩ
˭֪ƯкĦ˻°ͣ΢˶۸еèͫҰް

ǸոǸ￩
ͣŲǣʩˡĶȥӵһƯġ
ûĺ塣
һͻȻ˷ܵͣôȻøѧһѵҪǸ㣿
аԵǽͣѧָ߰ӣϲԴȴϲ˱򣬻ֽкãˣ˶۵ףαװԺһ¶ԣĸĸ˵ѾΪ˶ΪĸĸħĿ
ֻнΧ˲֪ĸĸΪΪ̫Ҫһж
ǡһ˲
ǡ
ĳ죬
һ˻صң˶٣̻¶ּܵɫȾϺ죬ҧŴƬ̣ոյһһ»Ů
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ÿʱỵ̈˼ʫ
ÿʱỵ̈ڼߵߡ
֣߳Ʋס飬Ҫʫ֣ҪҪһǡ
ǲС
屾Ϊʵϴֻʣһ⣬Ҳͬżغ͸߰Ķ
سʮҲ̲ס֡
кݻĸ߽ϣСȣ覵Ƥкеɡ
ó廭Ÿ裬ƻһεļ档
ʫʫ
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㡣𽥳
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ˡ
ѵΪ̫ˣ˹ͷҲ
֪һ¡
ΣÿһľܹΪʫ
Ϊʫﰡ
ߺ󣬹ƿ˺ڲ
ľ˴ʫǧǸС
ͣ
̫ˣľ¶񶾵ɫ֪ʫھǳ壬ͻɹС
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ҸɰͰ͵İɣҲԹֵġ
ᰡ϶Ҫʫ
һ㰡ι
ֻôһĴ˵ֻǺͳģ㵣ʲôء
ľһ˲䱻˳ëֱù˳ߺһҲǣܶʫʲôأʫ϶ҲģǼһʲôõģʫĿǻǴ̵ֶͷͲУôѹʫﶼУʫϲͷˣŲֲȱķġ
㡣
ҿʼ˼ôӴ򿪣ǯӣûŪ˰춼Уɴǯӽȥһֱϲ̿ҵľͷɻؿһǯӡ

ңԼ
ľԲ۾ҶƬ̵̣ˡ
װһӣҪ֪ʵҴöҾ˺Ǻǡ
ľСȹС
ǣұõö࣡
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ҳĬسһ⻬ġ
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˵
ţҪһ£Źǯӡ
Ūȴֿռ̫Сһӡ
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һ´
Ǻɫ˿رĵסңҵıķ˿ڵصݸһˮ
Ҵӹ
ллˡ


66 
Ҵ˼ӲŷӦ,´Ҫȥ
Ϸֵطֲŵĺɫ˿ҵĶҡţڵذϷϸ΢ͬǱеĵ,ڶĺɫ߾ۼһ,жɫٲֵ
׼´ֻڰлһ£кع,ԶղأһӲȵ˿˿ĺɫ֯ϡ
ŵ׸ܵõϲѹֵعĶţмҪҪҽϵСԲͷ

һ,Ьû,ֱܳȥ
Ҿʱ糱ˮ,û˵¹ʡ
ϵ˱ĺɫ˿ţһȦһȦ,ζ,,ۣϸŨܵľ̽Ƥ֮ϣһɰȻ˯ģ
ķһһصţţ·֩޹ߡ
ͣ½Ų,Щɫͬ˳ˮջء
ľ۾,,ŵ΢΢֧,޹ǣЦɫϻ
ҷʸӲˣ΢΢üѳ˵ʫöŶó緹ˣҲ˶Բԣܶӡ
һûס㴭
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ʫ㲻ϲô㣬ʲôԡ΢΢ɴ˫ۣƵβԲЩ
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͡
ܲȥ
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һûüشԼ˵Լ
ʫɣʫһҪȥҲҴϣ㲻֪ж£öɱ˷ʫðƻһҪװʶӣϿԶ룬ЩƷ鷳Լˣһʫô죿˵˵ţҲ£ʫʫÿѧ
ҸûĻǣűߣ쿪
ʫðɡֱͿԡԳŪȻῪܣŪ˰Ҳûʲô
Ѱʫǲܴ򿪵ľɥȴϲã࣬ʫ䡣
һɰͰ͵ûŬɡ
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˵ͼæҪҪ
ѹƷĻվ
һʱ벻ʲô취ɴȷһߡ
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һϴͺߺҲϴ裬ʫ಻ࣿš
㡣
ҲһʾǿҵĴڸУʺƨڷܰʫǿģūһҲҵͷΪ롣Һøжϲ㡣
ԶԣɴӺˡʲôûһ¡
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ұ͸ˣɳϿӡ
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ڷڼĵطľϣʼ٣ǻʫѾһСʱûˣüįįҪˡ
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ʣЩĲôʱʱ̿̿ͬһ䷳ιģ˻ܻ١
̫ˣ̫ˡ
ҿȥľܲܰϡ
ʲôľɴ۾һЦãʫͨôһˬģÿطƷʫ϶ϲ

Բ𣬱
û裬Ҫȱˡ
ʱֻͻĻʾǸǱߵֻ롣
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˵ļҽԺ
Ů˵ҽԺš
òһ䣺ôˣ
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ңС
ñϣûӵġ
޿䣬ҪϴѧΪɣת˱Ǯһ
лл
ʰʰͳţľ۰Ͱ͵ңʫҪҪȻһġ
Ӧһ䣬š
Ҿ˵ܾú鷳Լ̫ˡ
ϴͳϹȥ
ҽԺҵ׵Ĵλ
еڰɫϣҹһ˰
¡
ûʲôĵģ˵һ¿ĴѧͿѧʱ䣬Ѻ
͸ɣûҵġ
ңлл
Щˣ˺Ǵǰݣõл
Ĭһ뿪
ͷһۣ˱۾ƣߡ
ŴͳȥָϹ
ҡҡλεʱ򣬹ͣһվŴ򿪣һϳѼñ¶̿㣬ɫɫĺܣǰɫЬ
ƫС¶к֮ɬ
Աߣûע⣬һֱڿ⡣
㡣Ц⡣
תͷȥǽ͡
ñµǼµľ£۾Բ۸ʹèĽ΢ĺɫ·ӿĳš
ҳĬƬ̡
£Ҹ˵ʲô
ңš
̬ͬԥ
˵ԼҵġѡЧ϶˰ûмһ
ΪС꣬Ҳϰ̫
϶ܷɡǼһȫҰ֪ܵЦӯӯɵӣ˵ĻȴŶĿ̱
û˵
Ҳ⣬˵ѧУ顣
Ƕ̫ˣʲôᡣִ治֪ǻϵʲô
аʦƯĺӣ۾Ϲǽҵʳ̫ѳˣҾӵˣʦҶûЩȾҵθ
ѧУһҲ档ְ̧Լñܣ۾Ƴ
ڵ²ֵĻζ
ıý͵ȱһ˻ŵأЬ׻ŵǰζš
ϥСʾϢƯ
ûп
Ƭ֮һԴҵļ
۳˯š
ûѡ
˼ûѡ
˵ǹҶš
ҪƿԴͶ˶ɫͿһˡ
վҾ¡
ķ羰ٻϵ˲Ǻء
ƮұǼ䣬[ľ]е㣬͸ƻĵζ˿˿Ƶˡ
Ҫվ
ҸҪ̧֣һκɫˮȻҵĲ
һǸֱѼñһߣ¶ĺڷλãǸ㣬ԭһ£Ѫˡ
ֽҲ˲һһøɾ
֪ʣûֹ
Ȼľ˵Ͽܲһأ
ͣ
˳³̧һֱڿĵطضӣ۵׵ޱȰҿųһЦɢ

һصңûſʲôľֱȥ򹤾ߡ
ľ˫ģʫˣôǸ͸û
ûС
ϧǸҲ棬ûʫ鷳ˡľЦ
ǰ£ҪӵľȻ˶ᡣ
ɫȻһ䡣
ʫƷ𡣡
ǰɡû⣬ŪŪ˿
ˡ˵ѡҵ𣿡
ûУǸСӰߵġ
ֻʣײĴ졣
Һ֪ͣ֡
ǹ޵ĲԤжʱڵأһ˲䷢ԼȻһһʱûתĴ
ҪҪΪ
Сأ
ľľںСӻǴˡ
Ҫľĵӽޡ
Ȼջ֣ȴҸ죬קסҵһײ֮䣬ķ϶ҼܽԴȥ
ʢŭ֮µþˣҲͬ˷ᣬˮ䣬β֪ǷŭǼʣȾһĨɫ
ǲģ
ľĺɫǵصӿҼæȻǰ
ǶƷһ
ΪС̬ҿ޳Ǳľŵġ
ɲɢѹա
ﱻʼɳͷԣֵ̼ȱַŭί
ѵСӾͿԣ
ľ״̬Բԣ۰ڱ࣬૵Ǵӵ
ҲҲǡסᣬֱһܹؼʻֲϲСӣ
ҾʫôԣҪκһƷиòãľ¶ɫҵȴڷڷҵĺ󱳣Сȣһᣬڿ˵ķ϶׹ȥ
ľһͿٵػķ˿̲סҰøҲòֳڵ档
ˮ޾ӶᣬСһż˳°ϵŢɾٽȥ
ҪҪƷһʫСҲС
컹ܰοãȴУ·ŵ߸ƣʵ÷
һ뵽ʫܻƫһ[ľ]ľӿӼҵֱ治׼ʲôֻɽϮᣬ֤ԼǷ׽һ
ұ˿ǵͷԷʱͻȻµĸо
ľһĴС
ھڴࡣ
ۣľϣֳһ٣۾ľͷϣȴպλãðͬһµͷ­
ĵһ룬ھͽҵա
ʲô
ҿ޳ȴܶ£һϵʪµͷ­ɵľš
ؿţ޵ð̵ֱŵҪƿȴַ˿Ƴµ¶ǽĴС
ʫҵĲ[ľ]˻Ƶૡ
Һݺҧ࣬ľڳʹ΢΢ɿ
ҿ޵úǱһһģмʪա
ſڵӡ
ľĲϣһոµͷ­ѣͬ
ıǳ˸ӵ
ʼɣίӿİһųһţʧȥȫеС
ԭӦȲľѡٴοǵǡ
Һȡһ¡ôԼ˰ҲеʲôҰء
һľǣµͷͳûǣˮĶʪһƬ
ұŵûӲסس˿ҲңҲܶŵĿҪդ֮
һʱ䷢ûǳľûҵĻҼûغǳľҲħһȥֲοһȻȱʧİȫС
ֱһ˰סҵļǵĴ౻ȷֿ
ľһȴϵɿǲŴ룬˫۾ƺҪᣬھҵʹҪ
Ҫصؿԭ¡
ҪʫﲻҪ¡
Ҫ벻Ҫʵ˺ġ
벻Ҫʵľ
±±־Զ룬һƷ⻯Ӷ
£ú£ûаȫУ޷Լҷѣֻܿ巢㶣ǿ©ƺӵı

ľңض˶죬ȴʹؽгͷ͵ؿڵ档

忪ʼѣѪֿǸ֮İԶ룬Ҫ׷
ǽͣµ·һסѵľҿ޵ÿ챳ӣ򴽣ʫˣĽʫ[ľ]ʧصʱͿˣԻġ
Ϳ·סһĿֲķֳۺޣȴɫ糣Ϊ[ľ]Ļˣһֱǣı䡣


67 
ľ׵ָڵ,·סͷڵסĿɲһչǰ
Ҳ֪ԼںʲôҲ[ľ]ûͫĴɫ,ҲľĵطͬС֩,ԽԽԽԽ,,׶ѡ
µĳҲͻ,һ˲סҵ壬·ˮץסΨһĸľ,ǽȸôҵࡣ
ۿľ΢΢̧ķѵİ,һᣬѪ,覣һȴǱ[ľ]׻ٻ,ų
촽Ŵ,ֳ쳤
̲סĲ,ؿ,ģҵߣһһε䡣
ķ˿ſ,ƺҪʪ
һһǣľҪͷ
㲻ϲҲɳƵɫǴڵİ,ļĹҲѸ,˵,ȷе֪ͷ֮󣬳׵ĻҰȥ
ؿСҲҲѵģҿƲסʫʫҪҡ
ŰβıԵʧȥͷ£ΨһһֻõĺţʬΪ[ľ]˲䳤
ͷ˵Ҫͷʼջء
ȫޱĿľѵĳ
ʫʫ֮ͫİɫңϴŴϲЦ˫ֲۣľྱ֮ϣµ࣬һӵ
ҡʫ
ڵϣӲţܶѹƲסʡ
һͫ۾δͫףѧᣬָ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԼѡ
ҧԺлŸոսʱͻȻ£ǰľ԰ʬ壬˿ڣеһ˿ƺǱ˵ġ
ҳģٽǻ棬гŨҸ飬ӵǻ廯ļʣϮǶ[ľ]Сһü˵ӣϵѪⷭ
һҾ˫һڲʡ¡
״İķѣиոǹĹܣǴγĳҪ޴󡪡ϾܽӴʱͻȻѳҲѲֿ־塣
ͷһξεҲһֱơ
͵סŮµı̧
һĪֹͣ˷ѣͣһ˫ضӡ
ͷ̵㣬ܲס̬ʫˣл
[ľ]ӣ¶ɫǣӦع涨ȻͼӣƣΪʫں˵ˣΪС̬û㵱ѣ
Ƴһ۸ոջӿţǰķƷʧȥĺڷصƯͨͷ޷ٶ
Ϊ[ľ]Ȼ޷κ
ûսܹڷǾȻûôױɱ
ڷΪڻþʵ֣Сȫ[ľ]Ϊ
ѰҼ֮ˣһ˺ؽͷƤ֮ϣڻ˵ͷƤ꣬Ѫ⡣
ڷ޷һľֻܲϵֱ˵壬ÿһƤСۿð˳û
ͿʬͷƤ䣬¶ʺԹ⣬ٴαܵؿʼϵľճסԼͷƤ
ЩͷڳΪͷƤ֮Ȼͻˡ
ͽʫɳϣë̺õϵ塣
˫۾һֱ׶עӣȴûгֹ
ΪʫǾ͹ˡ
ɡ;ۣͷŵĶ⳰ŪĻſھѾʫˡ
ʬۣŵ棬ŷƷӲ¶ȴ¶ޱȴȻ
ֻǡ[ľ]Ÿľ૵ҿƲסʫʫ
ҲʼϸϸССľƽ󿪴ϵ̬
ԵؿŵǽһƬ
ҷѣǸĽһʵµķ壬һʼ޷ջء
ͷСĲĺڵͫ׷·ɽĺڰһ㣬͸ڡ
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֮ǰץסľУ̬
űرաݵĿⱻڵ
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ο
еε״̬¶ţһ鱻Ӳ˺ͷƤضѻһԣڷ̷ͬƯƷһ㣬մȾѪ⣬Щࡣ
Σ۽һŵĺɫ¶תתҵʹͷϵѪģ֮
žž£ȴޱı䡣
ûˣһñݡ
ʹ̧̫֣ͷΣſ⸲סͷǡ


޳ܵļһ
¶ֺ⡣
ÿūˣҲЩ˺Լ
е䣬죬ĿУľһأһ߼ͷϰµƤ
ʧȥ˵ĺڷ񱻼ħ䶯
ÿһǳõĺ⡢ǡѪľŵʱ򣬾ͽһֶѣ޺
ֻеǱŻ¶һ档
ľͷƤ´ͷϣȻ뵽һ취
ľܹϵٶȣڿţֻԼͷ佨һ˿ϵͼʱֹͣ
Щڷȡ֣ûȫľͬͷϵñӣԳĸ壬ǿš
ĺڷܿ츲סļ
ʤްɡľĵš
ܾòĳʹֵһЩģֻǲһ֡
ڶ죬ľ˳֮ǰͱһ˴ߡ
ʫ
ĶС
۾ȽǻҪ壬ͻҪůʱùﱾһֱû̶ӷߴﹾ䶯ϸ졣
֯ʫ
ֶôȤ
ָİ嶯Ȼûмʱĸһ
һ𣿺֣ͷ·ıѾѧ˰ĿǰΪֹ˼ľ˵֪ôദ𣬿ߺܶ·ˡ
ܻҵϲʫ޹ء
Ŀͣĳϣľ룺
һɣһ㡣
ӿһ˷ܣ뱻ʫ룬һ뵽ֳϸڼУϸϸĲ
ͺѺʫǣңһʫ鷳أڿˮ
ǹԵڸмǿľҵʹЦͷƤѪѪŨܵĳڵ
ЩԻ
϶ܰﵽʫİɣϲ
ͷһΪ˱άּϵ״̬ϲڴѡ
ÿʱỵ̈嶼ڷ档
ʱӳʹ衣ҹ̲סȫıܡ
ʫ˯ңţϿ϶ڿʣʫȴʹôÿɰÿɰ
Ӧ㣬һ㡣
ǸϣһΡ
ʹģȵʹᣬȴĻϲõģʹ
ʫҵĺڷֹƬ̡
ڳҫʱľָֻ˺
ڷӿΪѹһˮ

Բ𰡡Բ𡭡޷ƣǸ͵ðƻɸΪбеҪ֤Ƿ׽ġ
Ĺչ¶һ棬ȱٵİȫֻš

ľͷƤֻʣһȫϣƿɻڷԼֽøͷѪĺɫ󳹵ϣͷ£ΪƯ޺һ֡
Ѫʫ߳һŵϵķ׷ֿǶϡٵСֵ־ɫû˼ڿ೰
Ǳһ㵹£ѹűӲأؿѰοޡ
ʫʫ
ϱ˺ѿѪ
ʹбȲʹһһɽûľҪصߡ
ʣ˵ҲǹʫϿҵ˵Һϲ㰡ʫ˵Ҫҡ
ʧȥǣҲǿҵǣû˺ô˺ǷѲɿأֻҪҪһõǶѡ
Ǵ͵Ȥʧȥˡ
ͷһαһֵʶʧȥ˴ڸУǲҪ
ֻʣȱʧһοգκζֲ˵οգϵ©磬Ϯȫ̲סط
Ϧռɳϣϸë̺ڿһˣˣɸɾ·ʲôûз޷⡣
κľľٶһġ뵽
ֻǲŻ˴ǣƣһľĴĵףȻ[ľ]ҲὫǷֿҪȥͱô
һ룬ʹӳʪģƺϴʲôЦʫˣǸĴѾ˴ۣȻǡ
Ҫ˵ʲôҰؿŽСľϣллİȻȥɡ
͵ЦݽӲ
㡭һ⼸һУҲͬͨĶ̧׵۾Ŭû¶޺ӣҪӶ԰ɣеġǸ
ľûԼСӵ̬̽[]ʯ
ôǲԵġ
Ҫᣬתͷٿ
侲侲ʫҪ֮ģҪ״Ҫ롣
һ۾
סҲһ޵ĳ嶯ңˣǳ[ľ]ȻҲ[ľ]ĴûСҲὫκһ⿴ڲκһľ˵㣬սɡ


68 
,˵ľ΢˳ǣ¶Цȴֻ˾ǣǿ,֣ʫ
ȥɡظ
ľ˲䣬ƺѹų,ǴŹƻڸһģκ,ʫʫҪ
һֻСһſɳԵͷ,קסҵ½ǣСкһ飬۾,ü,˵ıԵƺĴһ顣
´βˡ˵ͷҪҳɳϵ֡
˻ȥ㲻ҵĻ𣿲Ҫװˡ
ûװľе
ᣬϷ𣿡ҿָ˵ʪβ,ڿɲҪѰ
ľ˫ĺңԹԵرҴ
Ƭ֮,û˵ƺ֪ڶ,ʲôҵ,ʲôᷴ,,ľͷ˲ҵָ
ʹԴ
ȥ
ľ·֪ûκλأȴȻ˵ʫҪҡ
ӹȥ̨ɹ·ڶɹɣ½ǻʪġ
ٻصѾտյûľӰ
̾˿ͷһθֱŤܾùֵֹġ
ǰһ㶼һϣҲϵˣľȫնϵ
˵նöͻȻʣ񵱳׽뿪˽ϷͷֿʱǾ˼ǣնһĽ
Խ˽ľıȻԽĲֿĿ³
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ˣˡ
׿һ˼᳤õĳκθ͸У򿪵ӻҵһЦĿͿʼϵʱ䡣
פαȻˡ
ϣһجΡ
μѪ⣬ʬжһ׵ֱƺҪץסҵĽס
Ҳһ˷Ȼֱָۣͬòͬ״ţѹţƿͬ࣬Ҽеس
̫࣬ǳ˷ӿĺХһһȳִǿҵ
֫б۵һأ˻ʬұӿ
ŵþѣĿ֮ķֺڰܿ򶨡
аɡ
ۿ컨壬ûô⣬ֻ²ۿľֲƬһĸ̬ҹȻǻجΡ
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ȻܶѾẦ£޲ɡ
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νսǽԷɿˣ˵κεķӦ
İһ·
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Ƿš
[֪ˣ˼֯]
ҶֻĻ룬򵥽һҺľܵ顣
ȷһ̾š
[]
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[ôˣ]
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[ûʲôЩ㣬ᱨɣ]
[Ӧòᡣ]
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ޱضŷԱȵ꣬ԼǮ
Ȼ߳ȥ
ظ
[ǾͺãҪƵ˺ܶ࡭]
һ·һɫ׵ľˤڵأڵϿͰ͵ؿɫ糣̧ſ
[ȷеˡ]
Сѧ
ֺ˵ֶηǳɣҲ֪ôѰԭ¡
Ҫľյغ˼䣬ֿʼִܵ
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Ҳڳ˼ӣ˹ӦضԱߵİ˵Ҫ
ڨڨ۶òľޡ
ľ¾ͳתͬʱתһߡ
ʫʫòң
ҷˮƿľͼҴĹпڣ÷Ҫһֱ˵ӾһҪһ侲ġ
ðƻľԹ˵һ룬ĵĿֺߺ˵ȥˣĿǣʫ²ҪҰЩѾ
ӵġ·Լʲôµıһͣ˲̧ͷĳһǹɺɫϢһ
ɻظſȥûʲôͨͨĲݴֲǱս漴վ뿪
ʫľ΢΢̧֡
ˡ
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ʫǰǽǱ׾ֺãڰȴľǵʧأʶȻǣ˵ľɢԻһ㷢Ȼɱ
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װƽ̫ƽ䣬ɱ걾ָľڸʧȥ
ΪװװʫΪʲôΪʲô˵ĻôͷԡҪ
ץӷεܡ
ԭΪùܱ͸áǣȻʹš
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㣡
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ʫɱô򵥵£ôѡİ취ɱܡ
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ڣһļһﱻ°벿ֱضϣһأһľزһ顣
ڸָһЩɫ۾һҰ
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ΪʲôҪѣΪʲôҪʫڶ˰ɫµľ
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˵ֵ͵͵ૣʫʫǲúܶԡİɡôǶԵġôء
ľδ𻰣Ǳ͵ͬͬһˣͨĵطȻҲܡ
ʫ
һ룬һͻȻ˲ͱǵ塣
ɱۣһһ

ľǲ֪Ϊûзһһˤڵ棬֮ǰһ̻ڼš
ʫ𣿡԰һǵġ
ͬ˼ά˲뵽һ
϶ǵģ϶ǵİʫҪģľǶԵģֻҪ˵˰ɣҪ
ܵĸӿϮһľؿڱУȴֿ̧ദӲ¶ʺѪ⡣
ҪڳԼĥͱݿɵࡣ
Ƭ֮ǵĺ׻Ұ˵ʬֲڲƺ֮ϡ
ɱ꣬ȴ¶ԴľһЦ˵ңҿǸոն۸㣬㡭ȻǹǲһİɣҰ㣬ûˣѾûˡ
˼Ҫľ
ȴȻſ죬Ӳҧֱϵ⡣
˵ڵأ󴦵Ҳ챻ҧãɫӿʹ
ŭֻ֮ͨȥʫֻ˼ôȡԭ£ʹ˿ҲαװҪٹĶš
˱΢ͬ飬ľˣ֮ͬģ޸ж֮ģũдգ߻Ҫǧ򱶣߰Դ
ϵԴۣһֱÿһʢ磬Ƽ޴ľٶڴЦ֦ЦĲƵѹøͣ죬ô˿[ľ]ô˿[]


69 
봺ů֮ʱ,еľ뽹ͷö״̬
ȿʼԶɱֻһ˴ˣؽԺ,ֱҧ÷ϵ,ȴҲ,ҲҽԺƺǱ,˭֪
Ժķǰδеٶ,·һֻεצϮС
ưҲӸ߲¡ΪЩ˶Ƿӣʧȥ˽ǻ,ȻưǿƼزռڣҲܿơ
ճеֻ֪е𽥱ø꣬Σ,ĳ·˿ܾһ;ɱ˿
ƴĻů죬һѸٵС
ĵ绰ˡ
ֻץССĵίУΪ̽ĲŸ,ίѰʬˡ
Щˣһ㶼¶ħӣȻ֮ⲻھƣԡҵܵܡ,ĿˣǲǸһꣿ
Ǽ͵ǸĿһ
۶ڴίжһžܾϧ
ҹƺ,һ֮Ҿư,Լ첥ŵִﴫ,ڵ
ۿڹԢȵ̣ңֵ˹Ի߹
ʱ䣬оõΧĸı䡣
ͺ񸻽ڷ裬ڱ˵ɱ²֪ѸҷֳĸԽ࣬ԽĲҰס
绹ǻɡ£౻ĺڰҲ¡Ƿϵ뵽
ľǸһάȵħõİ취ԶӡΪǿܻǽܣ³һµ
ۼһգĶô򵥣Χ׽ֻø֪ƻ˿˵֮٣֮һĸʻСȥֻøٷֳռᡣ
Ȼ
óֻƳһĻ
ţ֯߻ƽģܹûһ֯Ψһһ߶ƣˡ
ţͨ֯ʫĵ绰
ཡ
ιŮƺڼУе
ڣڵ»谵ĽֵưһҽһңַǷ򣬶ܲӵС䴦Ȼ߳һˡ
ǸƺŸãϵ·̧̫ڣšü̫ػܡ
Ϩ̣ʧȴ˵ע⣬Ȼĺɫ۾ںҹвδΪһ壬μΪڵĺҹôһ΢ĵƹ⣬۵ʲôûУڳóס
ιǱòƼûлػɻ˵
µľߣһ˲
ܿƵرһ˿᧿Σصס񾭡
ֻҪԷһ˲˲ѾһĿտǣ𸻽κϷŪ
ľ΢΢ͷ˼һȻٿò
Ŭ绰쳣ĴȻһµꡣ
Ҿʣڼ֯һ£ɬɤӿڣÿѧܶĻҪæ𣿡
ллԼӦÿԡʫϿҵ
ðɡ˲סƳȥǹһֱڶӡ׼ȷ˵ڶֻ
ܵսľʵ鶼ȥΨʣŨ˼
ǰһԼķ˵һ棬ۿĺֻֻǽһռۿҪȫ˫۾ֳֵķ˸С
亹ڵ£ܶ־ڹŷֻƾŹʫｻ̸
Сһ㡭
ľκθԵͫԺ޷Ŵ
ڿܡҧҧ棬ܶ[Ǹ]
֪ӦöЩûмľӾͺáŮ죬⼸˴ţ㡣
ǣ۵˻
ľϲӡͣϲĽ׶Σ[ľ]ͬ
·һģ͹жһģƵʶһġȻҲһ
Ũҵĸ飬ԹԾеǿҵôôʱ䡣
֪ʱ䡭һ飬ǼϲҲǼܣܹǻᱻסΣա
طΪĶǸϲľۼأȻпݵĳС
ֻĶٴѣ֮עⰲȫͺá
ţллҲǡ
ãȹˣټ
ټ
˹Ҷϵ绰
ԭأδգգ۾һ˲ͷɫ˼֣ƺϸ۵ֻĻǷš
Īǹ˼ֻʾ⡣
ˡ
ķΧڸ˿һ쳣ŵĸܡ
¶ױȣ˺õ£ǵסļ̣ھսĴ
ľԭشƬ̣ٿ۱ۣûгЦûз̣ûгԼµκתȻȥ
ž
ֻص졣
˶ʱ̱ڵأոһֱϢڲŴڴˮһһ¡
ʶġɱˡһ˵ĺڰնɱңڶײδ֪ڰĵ
ʫսļܡ[ľ]֪ĵطŷ裬һδһδ࣬˫۾עȴҶ
ңɱ¾Ѫȣ֪ĵطһһݣǰƵʻҪߡ
[ľ]ھֶĲȻֲ©ʹࡣ
ʫ
ʫľŷԼµĹɫֻĿʼļ㡣
ֹߴߴľ壬ǣľȲظ棬δʲôԼ¶һӽȥ
ۿʧĹյ㣬˿
е֪һǺи죬ƬĸΪȻݳԣԼϵҵضһ޹ص˲ӵķӦ
Ѿʫﲻһռݣݲġ
δü֯һͼʲôΡ
ΪֻҪһЩʱʱ䣬ܹЩ룬ЩǱ
ֿ»õķˡ
Ǽ֯ǱˡȻ˵ĺûʿܲһɡ
ҲûʲôȳƸ˼ֻʵذ֯ѣԼһһû˹ĵѧ͵Ƴֵʱɡ
Խ˽⸻ŻԽ֪޽⡣
޽ġ
Ĵھһ޷սʤ֮
֯ΪԼҪ˩ˡ
ҳɹľս˼ܡ
šȻûʲô˵ģҪԭҲ̫ţһֱڼ
ʱúܿ죬ҪѧҵվȥƱ˳ȥ䡣
ľĲ֪ôԭ£ֻ÷ֶΡ
ǰһյһ򿪣һʺֵ࣬ǣһ࣬һٶѣƯһƷ
õѪÿһ綼µļޡ
һһӰӳȥһڵϣ¥ݿڣմȾϻҳ
Ĭһһع񣬰˰̫Ѩ²⵽ʼٸߺطԼȻռݴͷ
һ룬Уתͷ¥ݿǽλã̽һˣֻ¶һֻ۾Сؿң约ڴߣ۰Ͱ͵ضңǽϵմźɫѪûҿ
Һţ
ҹš
쵽һϵë£공ƱĿĵڽϣ˼һЩİ˵֮󣬺֪طƺڱüꡣ
û룬ߡ
·һͰͰȻϸϸĽʫʫʫ
ޱ龭
ţһĲ֫ӽͰ
ҾȻϰˣûͲẦ£˵Ӧ¡
һ·ϸֵطֺܴõҲˣΪ·ĺԥ˵ʱ̣ܶ˵ңšʫʫԭҰɡ
ʫƯ
ʫã
ʫڴۣ
Ưÿɰ
ã
ʫ˰ɣװҵϰɣװԴȵģ
ͷһʶľĺö࣬Դ˵죬ʫʫġ
óóȼǰŻ·ľڱ࣬ʬҲڱࡣ
ҹҽӵĵ绰˵˼䣬ҶԺͿʼʰȥѧУ
ű졣
ǷǳСֺõƵʡ
롣
սôãӦ֪Ժôˡ
Ҵš
ľԼ
һɾ£УŴ˫۾β΢΢󣬸è
տյڸ쳣ǿҵĻ
һδ˵ľͼҴҿڣЩƷŪģۺ۵ġҺòײŹʫ
¶Сһɫ
Ŀ⼸ң̰ؿһһ飬۾һգ˲ˮ
ϷģҺ㰡ʫ֣뱧ҵƼĵֻקסҵڡ
֪ˣҲЩƷٷǷҲֹٹⲻˡʫʫԭҺòãʲô
޵úܲңȴûֻ̫ѹϸϸССģ´ҵƵġ
Ҹܵڱסͷعᣬ˵һǸĻ
Ϊ[]̫̰ŷġ´βʫ
ţԼ
е񣬵ɾ͸ѪҺҲžʲô״̬
ΪҪʫòײġ
õĵǸĻᶼ[ľ]ڲһĽ
Ȼ󲿷ֶǱɱϾ[ľ]ûôԼȫǿһһ̳֡ȻˣǴһµģøɸɾĲС
յ𽥳ʵ
ľһᡭŬѡ
Ʋסİɡ²ۡ
ϾǱܡ
ľңžžવᣬСΪֻʱŻмʷѡʫҿƲסҷѵʱ򣬻Զһ㲻㿴
˵һ仰ʱ͸¶ŨҵĲᡣ
ľҲŨİȲҶӡ
սĿҲ֪ԼľĴ޲ͬ
Ӧÿ˰ɣԥ뵽һսҵ̫
ΣƲۣɿڣ
аɣԺˣ˵ֻܳһˣҪ̽˰÷˵ģҪԼ񰡡
ȻˣľʻرԼˣʫĻˣ
һ˲䣬ص[ľ]Ƕֹͣоٶͬһ
˵;ֹͣ޵ͣЪĶ
мΣյķΧһ˲仭
ֹ
ԭûʲôͺõʵУľܿܵǡ
Ҽѹǽ֮ϣֱ۽Һͱǽûô䡣
ľǵʱڿޣˮס䣬ȴؾҵʵ㣬ҵĿǻһҲ뿪ƺ̰ȣһ¡
᲻ϣմȾζ
ܿ죬Ҳʼޡ
޵ġ


70 
ᵽ˵,ƺﵽ˿ȵĳ̶ȣйһ뷨㹻ĳҡ
ľģﵹ˵¶,ҵĴⱻĴѹţ֮ɭģ̽Ķȵ,һرֵĸܡ
,ĴҲ˲,Ⱦҵ¡
Դ𽥻,˼
,һǶ,¼Ŀθ˰ˣҲȥ,ϵ鶯
Ȼ,ֻϺ˵ż̸е֪ġ
ûоҲ֪ľԲ԰
һǶѣ˻飬һͷƤ̲סЩᣬٵļ,ʡ
ÿһ,ÿһܵġ˵ġ˳ڴ˵ġ
ץס󱳵,ָؽ,ʱż˳,ɾ°ʹߵ
ͷطʱҲŸˮһ,Ϻѹȥ,ԺɿհһƬ
ľҵβʱ,ҲŷԼڿޣëʪı䣬һЯ顣
ľףؿҵ۾Ϣ䣬ȣõĽǶԲûʲôӰ죬ʫ۾ÿɰԲԲģ۶۵ģèһ
ѹûĻȥ֮ľס
ʵƲסϸϸĺ䲶׽Լȴʱһ
ע⵽ľĺߺһ󣬼ĹңӲҸǹȥˡ
ң
껹һϧʫôа

ͺ֮ӦڵģûʲôоľǸճˡ
ʰҽ·ѹʹѹľһֱţԱ߿
ҵ·ʱҲԱ߿
ҰʣŽ¹Ա߿
ң
ȥ̨ľಽظţתɨѵݸɨء
ɨѱԲۡ
ӹǵɨɾ
ҽʱľҲɨˣҿһۣطȻɨͦɾġ
ľƲ죺̫ʫ
Ȼë˺̵ܻģ޵úܣԼɵĻɲǺܸɾˣ
ҹԷڲ룬Ĭ˼вŶӡ
һֱڴ׷ļ̌ʫڸ
ĸ׵ļգңĬһ¡ҳʵ
ʲôġʵûУûиûи飬ôǷֿܶģûǿյİɫ
͡
ҿͣס
ۣ͵Цʲô
ľ΢һ£ִӣΪʫ㲻ϲҪжǺܿɰ
ܾողЦˣŶ
극ľ鲻Ըȥϴ룬ҪԱ߿ţԶԣϴ롣
ȫ֪Ϊʲô
ľһ˵ˮ䣬һ˵۰һü˵࣬Ҫһס
Ҫչס
ҷܵһ£㣬ĿҪʼˡ
ľϲһ޷٣Թ̫ϴ
ң
ϴ룬һڵ̱ɳϿӣľһҲ֣ղͷèһżһ䡣
ʫʫǽ𣿡
ʵᡣƬ̣ǰе飬ȥʱѾɢˡ
һΪʫʱʫɢءľµ˵
һ
ʱҲûʲôĵġ
żҵӣûдңʣ͵ſЦŶŮ˾ʹŰĺЦҲ˼ˡ
ź濴ţȴûа˸С
ǰ֪ôңҲôҪԷ˺ܶࡣ
СʼҾܹѸ¸ˣ֮ʱһݡ
˼Ƭ̣ΪǰӵҰɡҲᱻκӵУȻͲһ˵ˡ
е˵ֻҪѳصİȻĸһԵطһϣ뿪ʱܻģȴֻƬ̾ܳĸףǰӡ
ľĵӵңʫҪһҪȻҾͻĵ

жǿǿĸоǺǡ
ȥѧУ죬ҾܾľһͬеҪ
ֻһƱƱҲˣֻƱ̵ġؽ
ľüۣɥʫҵʬװȥвС
ұ޴ˣ²ұץ񡣡
ľʼãȡ֣ſɳϹȥΪɳ̫խŹžߴһ¹˵ϣ΢΢һ٣̶˵ˤú۰ʫһ𣡡
ң
ҹš
;вûзʲô¡
wѧʱҲͨѧ࣬ûʲô¼
ľ˵ķӵȷѧУܽҽȥʱ濰ƺ
۾
Ǻܺ
ľǰ󣬻棬ӼҾߴüʣɫںϵǡô
ʰȥѧУ
һǰ־Ը߹һ㶣µͬѧ𣿡
ǵģǰѧУԱס
͸ЦЦ˵ѧУ̲Ľ֮Ķ
òлͷֿ
֯ҽЦǽϵʽɣûʲô˼㲻ľͿҡ
˵ϣͬˡ
صסʱרΧ˹ϤΡ
ǰĳзɽ˺
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
·һֹƷ꣬潻̸˵ЦһǳЦ۵
ҸŲƳһۡ
ľ
Ҳ˶ţǴС
һɫУͬĶβ𽥴ϼ
ǡǵİɣҲôãű˵ıӵ˽͵
̫û˰ɣǵÿͬѧһ˶ľ۵Ц
ӵأûһ˿ĲȻȻϰµķΧϴЦĵصˣҲǹġ´ҵ۾Ҫʹˡ
߳꣬ǰĴ·ƴͣ½Ų
ľòתžĶǵ˶̲סƳȥһ
÷ôҲҪƤҪΪǶĵĿˡľ۵׺޲
ƵǸʦ״ˣʦһ٣۹ã˭︻Ԯģ
һĳʣľü¶ҪŻµ飺˾ǼʣªɫҲǷ
ƮƮˣȥ״
ǰǱûע⡭ԣǱˣ˵ɫţκ
ϾǰѾѧУʵʹߡ
ȻѧУѧǸȴһرתƫƫ߼ҳʱҳᱻԻ
Ҫô߹Ҫôĵˡ
ľЦ˼
ƣ·Ⱥܲͷܶ⿴ֻۣĪͣһӰϡ
ǸŮżӦڸʱ䡣
ɫĳ˳ػ䡣
ľ֪ԼΪʲôڿ
ԽãԽӲ
ʲô

ľŤͷʲô
ոնûңҽþá
ΪʲôҪ㣿ҡ̬ȶӣƫƫԷҷ
ľֿȥ
ǸɫѾǰȥˡ
̵˳ʼӿ
Ӱ

亹ֱðûмľһǱԶ̬ȡ
ڵȺƵʱûʶǺĿҺ׶
ԵǷĻԽԽӲ
ôڿ
ĿⲢϤ״̬İģһʵĺעӡ
ҳ̵æһ֣Ⱥ˿
쳢
ٶȽӲǰ˾꣬һڵؽµ˾ݸꡣ
ƺʲôүݣͷֺԣˡɵʲôŲҽǰ㳴ˣ
˾Ϲֵ̬ΪҪ¹򣺡ԲԲԲ𣡡
ǴСôľòƱŹƽߣûκע⡣
һһʾԼûм䣬ûм䣬ûм䡣
ٵ·
ľʱʶ۲ö̽ؿ
ľҵߣһ٣ɻüƺ˼
ôҲҰ


71 
Ҳò,ֱŤͷԶ

ľһ׼ԼݵСףճϸ͵ߣͷ,ԶıӰ
֣ողŻָİ࣬ڳµ,ͿʼȲؾҵ
ǶݵĶԺ֮ȥ
ľüëԽԽ

˼,ûľǰ
,Ҳô,ûмӦòע⵽ҵġ
ǿ,Сѹѹ
ͽװµ,ѧ۶죬Ƿѧʱ,ˮַŮһЦϴ
ݵĻ̶ܴȰοҽŵ
ССڳ군,Ǯ߳ȥ
ʣʵڲʺİľ£ҷſԴȥķ
·ϵԽԽ٣İĻ費̫లȫУֻϿȥ,֮ǰ
Ȼ,һɫŵܹ,һһ,ͽһ,һϰڵסҡ
嵹Ǻ,ǰסҪ,ôˣ
ҿϵ·ǽ·ϿǸľУӦͬһ,һСֻһľһѧУֻһ
ڱģϻмϸС˿ڡòֻƽ˼˵Ŀ
ľڵϣƺٵƳһۣҪװ޹ص·ʱһֻץס½ǣһֻ׼ȷץסҵ
Һľһ㶡ȵȣ㶸ʲô
ָΪƬ̵΢ɲһ΢Ħĸо
һһľ÷ǳɻ̽ɫƳഥƤ
ȻѸٵû˲ŶԴ˵ˮѧԺѧոաոա
˵ȥ
һʲôί
ˡ
һѾƿĿ⡣
ľ֪Ҳʶ[ľ]˽
֪ܴϷҲⱻտԼݼȾһ㡣
޵úܿ˵ԼľѧУһֱҥ˵Ԯ˵ûУȴǿһҾưںòײӳġ
ľ˵˵ţ˫ӯˮ۾㿴ҡ
˫۾ţû˻᲻
Ҿӳҡûмˣǿ϶ҵļſһȥҺ¡ܲܰҡ
֪ʱ˵ʱĿӴ嵣ǵݣƵϱûٶЩǶǵļȾ˵ĻҲǳߡ
Ҹоõڹ۲졣
ҺʹķӦڵĻԡ
ϤġW52GGd21Ԯ΢΢һ٣Ϊ·Ͼ
ץסҵķӦ̼ⷽƪòϣİ˶ԣĻǺܳɹġ
ٴǷŭŭôССͲѧã۸˰ǿôÿġҪȻȥҼסһϡ
ľ۸ҵľǼߴе㺦º͸ߴദ
ǡҸ㿪Ƶķ䣬ԼȹһϣȫȫԻˣһֻ鷳ȫȻԼǮģһѡһõľƵ꣬һʶһǾƵġ
һ԰ѣקúܽʹȴεĽҵֻǱưס࣬׵ؽҵǣһڰָס
ǣ㲻ûм
ľصͷֻܿɫķ
ǡ̫鷳ˣҲǮˣеȰȵʳ𣿡
ãţϻڴӦȥһֵĳС
Ҫ
ҳ˳ǣԷſҰɡ
ԲС㣬̫ˣûעɿɵسЦЦ΢΢һ񿴳ҲĻ򶯣һƽĿס⸽𣿡
¡
ľͷûٿޣʣµβ䣬ЦĴϡ
þ裬Ҳǻˡ
УǰĿڴóһſ۾΢΢ȥЩȻУ˼ʵ
㿴ѧСҲǵİɣ
ʱ޿̲ڴ̽ι
ѧ֤ϣѧš༶ѧУƶУֻƬķǿհ׵ġ
ҵƬ˺ߣԮˣһֱڱɧšľһܺ˵Թ
ҳĬ
㲻ңϸһۣ¶һЦ뿪С㣬¸ոǸĴǶɱˣ֪ģĶôĵأ϶ͼ
ľ޹ңó͵˵ӦöСһŶԡҸով˵ˡǸ˺ÿɣֻҺСĻһ򲻹֧ˣǿ뿪ɡ
ȳеǳȻظһİˮ·Ϊ롣
̾Ϊֹ
ˣ㻹ǱɡҾܾ
㲻֪С㣬ˮѧԺĸ˵ļͥǷǸеλأõġֻһͨˣֿǣĺܺ¡ֿʼһĵ䡣
ظ
Ҽһ䣺Ҳܸߣֲʶ㡣
֪ˣСһ·ҺЩĵ˵ĶԻ԰ɣǶίȫİ㲻۸ˣ˾Ҫ۸㡭ʵҶҲûôÿ˵һ񶾵ĻҵĶǴ𣬵Ҳòô
ĳģľ
״ɻ·ע⵽ˣ
԰ľ¶㱵ɫʱȥαװеɻϸġҵҲ֪ءһС̫ɰעǵȻˡ
ľһ٣Ȼƽǡ
һʱ侹Ȼ֪αĿ佱Լʵ뷨
ӲȥԼľֻǴĵѰȻϷѡ
ոգİŮ󣬸ܵѪʻǹţĪضȻ˷òͷǿԼɫ˵ԵȴŤĹ飬ãȡ
ԼķӦе㯣һ˷һ߶˷ܵԵɲ
ֻͣټ룬ľȻʧȥϷȤƵģеı飬վ
ʱҲ˹ݸ
㣡԰ɣ
ľһŵĿ̬ޱصƳһ۷ʳ
ȻɻôͻȻô侲ûж˼
̫ѳˡľ˵ˣ㿴žǸ
ʲô
ľûټϷĺңϸϸضţƬ֮ȻʶԼֲԾ̫Ƶģƿߣת뿪
ŭһѽʳڵϲȼţˣң粻С
ŵôҴԶ롣
ȻصסҲų˿
Ǹľڸʲô
ģ˭֪ʲô
ҹһڣҵһ귭ȥ˯ţ´߳ҡ
ҵ˾ʦΪҵ˹˼ֱ꣬˷һ꣬һԷòһӶǿֺ̱
ǶԷѾȫ񣬾֪ĿҲôӶǡ
ˣҲĺӻǷծҪ£һֱսսֺŸү
죬֣һʼһֱĻƢһ߲һֱӳңưĿˡ
ֱ;ͻȻ˿άֵҹûˣҲûٵѳʦȵȡ
̫ˡ
ڷߣͻȻű򿪣һһ
١ү㵵ؿŴ߱۸ꡣ
˵ľڣƺʲôȴǿиĿڵٰѰǸ˵òһ飬еˡ
˭һûʲôˣ亹ǸүҼá
ߣûõͷӣݰɡľˬһ٣΢Ļش
ûסãסҲá
ʵϣ˵òɼֻ̫֣ľԾ˻ѡ
ƾʲôҪѡһ߿ƲסһֶԼʧصΪɲͬԼβ͵èһʱ侹ϲʲô
ľ˳ȥ
Ƭ̣ûʲôƿֽٺĻ㱸С
ȻŹˣ
ֻܹڸүá
Ϊڶ죬ƢӵĴ󣬸ӵ粻ò⣬Ҳ취ȻŴ
ľˤӣɫʦһ߲һ߽һûʳߡ
ӳԼŭ߳ŭ
ľü˱ü
Ǹ˵ĵˣƾʲôĿ⣬ûбֻǼ˶ѡ
ľ˼һ󣬷߷ߵ뵽
òϣĿǰҲʲôȱ㡭

Ʋס뷨һľ΢΢һ㶣漴֪ŭѸٷͣڷƵеƷ
ѵڵأ޴졣ӶǴҳ
ľؿڱŭƺˣʢŭ֮üʾֺ塣
ڣϺõȴڳʵءĹļٵؾš


72 
Զ붫֮ء
ҰСˮֽĴáխĴ,ӭɫϦԣһůɫɴ
һľ䡢ѻһֻèǽ֮,èͫӳµĲɱ档
Ȼ,һĨѪɽ,èһ,Ϧҫĵط,Ӱ
ȫؿľǽ֮,ػԴ̴̵,ĤʼģĴ
ء˵ϸ΢á
ûӦȥ,ȴ֮ĸѪ,
Сʩֱ˲۲ѪЦһ,ŵѪģ,ѱɫȾźѪ
أû뵽,ֹѪ⻹ã
ء֮,ͽ׼ȥվĸ,ɱ֮ٵȴĸȻٴй
;׷µĺۼʱײֳ޷صİӴ,ʧȥж
Ȼ,ҲҪȰ,ΪػڣԴˡ˼άģ뵽
ΪʲôҪȥʵૣôϲݻĶ
ϵӱܿʼϣҲᣬã𽥻ָĮûаʹɫ˫ϰɫĺĤϸ΢ĳɫԹ⡣
ƽĿ⼤ŭأŭ𣺡˵
ľֱ۳
ǷľڿڣüͷһͻȻһЦ
Ц
ľмѪҺݵǻ¹
Ļ˵ȴ׹ߣ̹ǡ
ҵȻȥɰʫˡľζ΢䣬͸ؿһˡ
ʲʲô˭ر˵˼άһ͡
Ѿ֪ľĴ㣬̵ر۾
ľֱۿ֨֨Ѹٱ̧ͷأǵĻȴаԣ
ʫﰡʫǷǳҵˣرҪ[]ȥСرϲңֻһ[]ֻ֣ҪһƷǰҾͲܼӦѾðƻɣᡣ¶ġ㽱飬ϸֳ죬˵ĩβüͷá
źһ㵲ѡ
δĸӦǸ߰Դģñ˵İ⣬ΪӲΪκͣ
ڣϵıϤ̬ǿȡ
ǲܷ¾ǰչ֡
ؽŭӶôϲˣ
ľ棬ûж㣬ɹʹϣһ̯ѪҺѪҺɽա
ƵĹľ
ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲô
Ľű߽Ϻɫ
شŴЦһǰ㵱һʲô㣬ϲ㣬˵Ů˲Ϊ㣡ֻΪԸ⵱ĹЩģ
ľ΢΢𲱾³ѪҺ۾һתͳɫء
ľе㲻ͷˣ˵㰡ʫҪˡ
ԵľӣӹĻһ
Ҷ˵ˣǰ㵱ɹǰ㣡΢Ц㣡ϲ㣡ֻ㣡㲻׼һ𣡣
ȷ籩ͣЪصظھѪ˿۾ϵꡣ
˵ҵݣƤһŵѪɫ⻨ϸСճڰĩˣٻȥ
ڵȴ
ԺոոĻ
˭ǽʲôʫ
һ㶣ȻðĴл˲٣ͷ
ǰûֲ֪֡ӺʱðϾǽڷϼ벻ڣϸ壬һơ
ʲôڳ壬ǱľĳɵٶȶȻӿ죬ȲҪ

ѵ
Ȼ䡣

Ťͷûȥµĸڶͬ˵ĳ档
صڵأź沿򼸺ͻۿ
ɱ֮ʣ»ָ˺ŵ𡪡Ѫģ¼⡣
ľϱõ
ڼٻָţĶţ˿˿ƵӣƤ
ڵ棬Ŵȴûзκ
ľ˫գٴϸõƤõЦ
㶮ʲô
ڿ챻ڸеǰ˫ȻŷĹâչ¶˷ܿĿŻȵЦ⡣
ʫʫĺܰҰ
뿴ĿǱ壬ҲѡҰʫôΣգȴǾһ𡣡
ҲѵԴͷһжҰʫǸһ
һ뵽ЩģȻ뱣ѡԼ̲ס˫ۣ졢дβ׵ԡ
ָ͵»¼Ѫɫĺۼ
ҵΪ棬ӦġʫǣĺÿɰðңҪΪҶЩĵĲ֪νĶûзҡ
ľɫȻ£İֻɫȻᶮˡ
ЩˣͲʵʵطңҺúõشʫߣһֱ𣿡
ʵ֯ҲΪĻΪһУܱŽܵİɣ뵽
Щµ룺Ȼû˵ôšܾøǰԼǷ졭ĳߡ
ңȻ΢ضˡΪ˰ģͷ·ֻҪһϲĵ󣬿ޱȡ
ǵϲ˵ǰˡ
ȵĸ飬Լ˵ȴֻһǳġ֮ȽϵĶˡ
ֱǽ֯ϸ˰
Ҳ˵ûɡڼ֯ΪɲӦģİ
ǰ˵߼ͬĴھǴ˲ͬ
˽֮ѹĹԣԵ˵𺳡
٣ֵܹ֮Ǹʹֻ֣Ϊһ෴ĴڣҲͬʱʶСѷΧ
ֻڵ尡
˽߰ɱֳ࣬ǲǹﱻ츳尡
ıˣɽ׸ıƣȴҡ˸
ľȲԭվһɱƷһ룬ֵ
ɣ˹֡Ҫȥ
˵գŸȾһѪ˳ȥ
ѪȵѪҺΪһ壬߽Ϧԡ
ľûе
Ӧ֪ӵĵַ
˽̲ԺȥϵһĿΣѧλѡһмλ¡
Ͽû죬ѧ½½߽ҡ
ֱһµ˳֣Ҳʧء
һŵվ֡
ſڽһɫĳ˽Χסֳġ
΢΢Цһ£һš
ôôľ
Ȼͣ˶꣬ò˻񣬼һ˲ȫע⡣
ҵͷ
ȵȣ̧ͷǲˣ
ּǿ̧
ľģѲ˽һܣƺ΢΢һ͡
ܿ죬Ϊ֤Ǵ
ߡ
ɫýӲתͷ鱾
һŵ˾ɥط֣ȴΪңֻΪǸΪ
Һľû˵ȫĿбӵΣҲɹӵ
ľ˿ɵϿεʦҲ쳣ע
;صʡ
޳վ쳣ĸɾҲŷľȻǽڳ֮
ЦЦҲء
ҲǣǽҪݣҲʦԷΪҵɣЦ¡
ձ¿ΣҪʰ룬ľͲһۡ
ϴϢЦƺֻǶʶİ˸Ȥһƽ˵
ұͣ¶ɣš
ҾǰˣľʲôĿƵҵıʼǱϣ֯ʫ
ôִס˵Ĳˣˣ
ֻʸǰСѧľе㲻ͬйɴǰʡ
αװĴ󷽳죬ϻǸľ
һ룬ˡ


73 
Ⱥվ,ӵؿ죬Χƹ,µܲ͸硣
ʼӿ졪е㷢
ľЦ,ţ˵ϰ˵׷ֻעԼȤĵط,ңΪҵĳĬ,ڳĿϳ
ĻӦò֪ʳɣҪȥͰ·ˡľ
ֿʼ,ô,ϲˡ˵ϲɻû˵һ˿ЦԼԼľλ,,Ҳͬеش˵Ļ롪еĻ
˿̣ǰľҶİˣŵʶʱ
ľ,ƽȴ˵˭أ
ѾѧꡢڸڿҿҴµ̼佩Ӳ壬ɫɷס
Ѷţ䵭£δȫ¶
԰˭
ôʶ㰡
뿪
˱˳ȥ,׸ϳ˸ȦӣĵصǸ,޶Ժּ͵˵Ϊһϵе顣
,ס˺ܿ,ڵΣţȻһʶˡ
ǰǰ
˵㲻˵ȥ𾮽ֵĲԷλöԤˡ
СĵؿΧ
ƺΪǸвֻǳԵļʣľѪҪŪһ˰ˡ
Ұ˿
ע⵽ҾС
ǲˣǰУǻƼȥʳǾȥ˵ôİɣľ赭дЦϣʧ
ҿ
ľԵκ¶û̫Ũҵĸ顣
һֱ۾ոڱʻʱ¶İֲѸٻָ¾Ϊ
һ˳ʳȥʮֲͷֻѡ˵࣬ȫɢ
һ·ϣľװģҽܽ˶֣סؽĻ
֪𣿡Ƭ֮ľ˵
ʵʵ֪һʱǰҵͼ
ľĬ룬һΪǵһܵǰҪ֪ѧУ࣬֯һ˰ɣ
ң
ŽʳãʹҵĴ˷˿ڽǣΪŹ̷˹һء
һ˼ľɫݣǰȥֹһľ
ľһ٣΢΢ͷһۡ
ұž룬Żҵֳľ̫ˣˡ
ңȴûлش𣬵뿪Ҳûп˵
ſڣƳƳ
䵭꣬ıעӣһͷʶһĨЦüͷ¶ɻ
ҸϽ˳ȥһط˵㶫
ѧǸУαͬϢʱҲܲһҶûѧУľ
ʶרҵϵѣһܿѧУİϢ
磬һǰ˶סѧҵѹ¥ȴľȰ˶ѧУͷ
磬ѧУһʦײľȴ裬Ŀ֮ҪʩȻǱֹŤͽ˾֡
磬ľرһЩߵѡΪѧУУţУ
УУ飬ճҲСΧɢһ󲿷ִѧûʲôȤľͬѧУû˲ʶû˲ָӡ
ȥѧУͼϤ¥㣬ڶ¥һŵĸ䣬ͨҪǰһԤԼ
⼸첻֪Ϊʲôʶҵľһֱûиϵ鷳
ֻ뷨רעǰ
˻ؼңҺٳȥٴľǡ
˼գš
[֯ѧУô]
[ܺáһľǺûʲô¡]
[ҪСġ]
[֪ģлл㱱ô]
[Һǰһ֯ѧУĸʲô¡ָô]
[ˣĿǰûô]
˼룬ĦֻԵ
ʵϣǽľֳˡ
һϲҵľ
һİˡ
ȻİˣҲԼǾͲز֡
һգҽʳô򷹣λһһڳԡ
Ȼһˣһ룬Χλȫռ
һѷŪ
ɨһߵˣûֿ̫ܲԶ㡣

ľɫ£˻ҪѶ
Ǽ˱죬ڨڨȥ
Һ߶ûˣλȴ
Ҳҡ
ľΧҲһɢЦţƺΪֻ۸ҵġ
̧ͷľޱ飬Ŀϸض꣬ͷ˿ûŹ
ȻһЦþò֯
ľ
ôѧУʲô⣿
ûС
ĺɫתһ࣬΢京ЦС㿴ЩңѧУһҲá㲻֪ҹжഭＸˣӦ˽⵽û˲ʶҡ
ЩľĻȴ͵ţ·ӡ֤˵ݡ
ľЦݣü۰ݣҺܲϲȴ޿κΡ֯˵һ䷿ӣ㲻֪ҵסѾЩĵ˼ӣҿɲȽסһ
ףסҵЬ⣬ǳޱȣ֣ûסҵ֣ţƺģָⴥҷϵֱһ֡
ֿʼѡ
ңΪʲô
㱨ɣһЩ
ľһӱĻΪʲôΪ֯㿴̫ɿˡ
ѣһסԡ˵
ľŤһ룬ָ̻״ƳϿҵǽ˲ҲԷ𣿼֯ϴѧҲûҪһϡ
ˡ
ľһһƬɭ֡뵽
ˣҳˡҪ֮ǰ˵ľˡ
ɫ뿪
̤ʳõһ̣ľָԵƺѵĳһðˡ
ҳţҴȥ
޿εͼݵĸȹġ
Ϧ֮ʱɫͻȻ£ܲܿ꣬ڴϸž
ҿ飬ᣬ˸
ڴһ˿ٽŵԷƺܲͼݵģڴŴ漴ʲô
ʲô
ʱʶѷš
[֯ÿ¡˵ǸȰѧ֮ǰѾɱˡ]
Ұο䣬ϻظ
[ҲԣǸǰ϶ĵİɣòײȰ]
ң
ʰ飬߳ȥʱڵҲô򿪡
һס˫ۣһ̬ų
һɫľ޴
û⣬뿪ͼݡ
·࣬ɫڰ֣ҳɡУŵ·
·һС֣ƺҲҪУţͬ·С
ֱִ죬һȫʪ߳ɫȾϺɫ°ڣһ̧ͷ㿴סңһЦץסҵ󣬺̹ǣ֯þã㿴ҰҶ˵Ǳ۸ġôأ˰ɣ
㡭㡭Ҿסû뵽Ȭ֮ң·ȲҪӡ֤Ļ
ȻУ㲻ǡ㲻ǡ
ʲôȻ
ѪʱըһӿһѪѵһأܿѪɫһ߶µغ˼
ӳȥڵϣ
ôܡôܡૡ
ѵ֪ɱҵʱжҶ𣿳ˣҶҪ˰ľſЦƳҺµһ٣¶ı飬֯ҲˣҪǰĻǾڼңңҹ÷ǳʹడҿûѡ
ҵţԤеʲôתܡ
ľɿҵֻ֣΢΢۱Ҵܡ
ɡء
û˳ҹ·
ܵÿˣľֱ۱קסҲһͬˤľϣԴݺײСȡ
㵽ʲôૣں󷽣еĵ΢⡣
ϥۣŬݱŵᣬЮˮա
ľȻڿңֱ۱ץסѾ˫ɫ۾ӳһʱ۵ֱ޵
ڿʲôƲ𣡡˱ŭѪ۵ҡ
һ̧֣Ų·һľǰľɻҽģмǵҵľǴӸֵطһأ
һ룬סֱûʹУұ˱ס΢°š
ľҲͷؿһۡ

ھԼľٶ˵ǱʶŮĻ
ĺڷӿŲ
ľûб˺ص
漴˱Σص졣
һδع񣬱ҵľһ
εصױѵ˵䣬ˮʪĺڷƤ֮ϣ䣬Ǵ˸ת͵ûϣǹĶŵѪȱڣڷֲš
ľ֣ɫơ
һģһһ㶼ƿ
[ľ]ӵͷ̳Ϊǰľļ䣬ûʲô飬ֻɻ󣺡֯ոڽңͦҵϸڷڣѵø˰
ʪҪҵĲľ赲
ľü㻹ԼĳӣʫǰӦøе߳ܣ
ƾʲôʫҲҪУʫ[ľ]ʾ˵
ҿľ
ûƷ¶ֺõЦסңʫԲҲҵһμϲ˰ֻǸ㲻˼ԭҰԭҰɡҺ㡣
[ľ]ҪٴγȴȻͣס˶ΪϻرסľؿˮˮһԲǰϡ
ĺܻ鷳ұ߿ޱ߱ԹҺõùôˡһ㴫Ⱦġˡ
ʫһʼԶûã[]῿ġһʼָʹ[]ͺˡԴסҵͷ˶Ƕûˮֻʪ塣
ôܰûмľм˰ҳ[]ô࣬мûмĻϲϱ˰ɣָͲ˰ɣ
Ҷ޼ľϲϱһûʲôдΪеؽҵľָġ
ʫ˵ʲôľȴʧɫĻЩƷҲ̫ˣ
¶ҪŻµı飬ȫܲ˵ӣأֵͳͷղҵĶͷ
ľ￴ڶԻŮ˵۾ȴǵصĺɫӿɫѿ[ľ]ĵߣǲ֪ƷǵҲʫģôԸˡʲôģûõĶҲܱߣʲôʫġİʫ
[ľ]Ӹղſʼ͵ͷӵˣδϵڱŷѪ֭Ҫ顣
Ȼûм䣬Ȼ޷ż֯űˡǲܶΪģԲֹ˳Ϊܡ
ŸڲδԭȻ֪ǰķƷǻȡʲôŵõ֯ӵȱԲʱ޷ȡľļ䣬ֻܸɿţ
ķƷĻ[ľ]Ŀתľ
˫۾ײ
Ҳ޳ȥҺüǵûһİľڳҲһֱͷľĻù˵飬ֻķſˮԼù͸һ˵ǺľԵ֣һǺɱ˷Ե֡ǻǺľɡ
ʫʫͻȻҵҴӻڳرϲһҵĴ
ʫ̫[]ˣ[]Ҫأ˵ַǳˣȾϺɫʫúŶ
˵ʲôӻ۾ѾˮģֵĻȴĸоûˡ
һûмľƺ߿ˣ֪ȥˣӰ
ûİ˵Ķӣҭţɵؿľ˵㡭㲻ǻἵ𣿡
һΪҲЩİľָ䣬мľе˵ġȻôԭ΢һ;Ӧòֹ
԰˵ʫһʹ[]Ҫǻָ䣬ҪǵѶԴ

úİ
ǻģľһЦiĹˣȻȻʫҲϲðƻǣǣЩðƻԱ㡪ǴͷţÿһѪⶼģõķƷҲӦʫﶪǣˡ
ҹĪҫۣɷƤҳŨڷ΢Ц⣬ĻȴĮ
[]һǡȻˣʫ㲻֪ŲܷǶϲġ˭Ҳԣֻʫԡ
ҵβ塣
ͻȻϵֹͣԶȴε䣬žવ
µ̧ͷӦ뿪[ľ]ҵɡڵסͷϵꡣ
ûлָ䣬ľĪľһҵ߱ٿرðûκεĸ
ľǿסʼɣ·һΪȣһҶ㿴Ҿ˵ɡʫǶġ
ȫġ


74 
ν,ʪϢӣһСżм·ȴûжע,˵Ц뿪
ľĺڷʪ,ڼ,۱΢ƣӯһ£ϵЦ⺱ĲκƺЦ,͸ݺ˳ӡ
ҳĬ,žɡ[ľ],ıͦúֱ,޳δ,˳Ż,ƫüʧȥ˹ԣͬƳɵĴƷ
ƿĿ⿴棬ͣټ,ֲԾƻ
ˣôܳμϲأҲס
ΪľϲңҲǶȹ˺ܳһʱŻĶ
ʱԹ˼ˣô׾ϲһ
ţرǳμ沢˽ҵľ
ҰûػľͷҵĶͷ,ҵע
΢΢ͷһҵĴ,Ķ,ɡԵȻ¸Ļ,ƺǱ˻ζһ¡
ľˣʫ԰ȥԣ
˲Զʱ˳ǣ˼һµġ
ҳվϥΪǣ͸ʺѪƤء
ʫѪˣľûиվŵ۾Բ˿ҵϥǡ
ҵȺֵֹܽģҴְסͷԶûʲôȥһ¾ͺá
Ųǣˣǻǿ뿪ȽϺá
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ֶôʺƨɰû˲ϲİɡ
Ҵûָ뷨ֻǳԵ˵ҪȥҽԺ
Ȼˣ
㲻ȥ
ǡ
㲻ȥظͷסĵסԼҪƿߣһֱСĵع۲
ľ˵˼䣬װûã룬ղʲԸ˵ԡ
ӡ֤أҼǾؿۡ
ľڲˬͼ˵ңûΪԹԾ˵ҵǰȻҵľΪ׼
ţһȻ
Լûз֣


76 
ӳ׻ָ,ѵǱմȾѪոɱɹꡣ
Ҳ֪Ƿһֱ,ɵˣ
ľ۾ճ˵עӣüë΢΢Ʋ,沿ÿһ缡顣
ûӹĿ,Ͼѵ塣
ҶˣҲǶÿһľܻ˳ҵʵе,ֵ˲١
ҲɵöľһЩ,޴ģʲôƺ㻹ȰǸҪɱץסɡ
֯,ʫ˳ظ˳ƺ,ЦڵҵȻ֪,ҴӲŹЩ
Ŷ,ҲǡԲҲرˡ
ңˣ
ľɣ
ҲҽԺһľ,οҲûм䡣
ǰЩ[ľ]Ǻ׾һ˼䡣
һƺòƣʱˡ
ľ²Ц,ͬȴȮ,Ͳһҡڵëβ͡
ȷǹС
[ľ][֯ʫ]ֵķӦ͸ͷһ,һ˷ܵؼ
һ˲ŮƽεĿ⣬ģʶʶ˳ػָ˼䡣
Ǵ˿̵ľļҷӦУոոֻƾűܿٳָͣڳ׹밮ӵʫͻأʻעһ˲䱻𴦣Ҳʹǹ޵ĸ
ڣ궯ѡϷȵĴʧȥ˼
ɻôң
ľҽ˾ͣ
ľ˰ɣϸ˾Ҫɱأεһǣô죿

¶ͼɻصЦݣȥջ󣬴żֿɰ
֪ѹû
УˣȻǸ[]ˣϸ˵Уǲһټ
ľЦһҪ¶ŤɫܿסԼ
֪
ƮƮ
ҶҸոյķе֣Ǳ̥ڶƵģü˼
ľȴ⣬Ȼ·ұ̥࣬һһ޷νǷǳ顣
ľǼһôˣ
ɫӣ˸ɣǾ̫ˡ
ôҲֵκ˰ǲűȲҡľؿ𴦣Ϊ򴽵Ķ΢
ûʱٺ˵ϹȥҽԺ
·˼ʲôȥ조ʬ塱
ŮӦòУζȸ߰ɣ
ϵҽԺʻʿͽmѧı˵ʬ
ָǸ갡Ѿˣıͦ˵ģǿ
ʲô
Ҵ㶵ؿŻʿЦЦָָͱһļ뿪
ԥƬ̣ʬڵķ䡣
ײŵĵܣͼһʧܣͣ丽һ߶߶ʲô
ֻ֡
Ӧþðľ˵ˡ
Ҳһ뵽Ҳһľˣľϴˡ
֮ײֵ顣ľ˶𽥱һӣ˼ɡñƽ˴ǰܶ޷ֵ
οҡ
ľӵεֻһΡ
ҿ湻˽ġ뵽Ȼһʼͱһ㣬ܻż
ľѡ
ͬҲѡ
ľܵ淽ʽӶҲͬѡ
һеĻǻҶϲǰѰ
ϲֻΪֳңΪҸһС
֪һ㣬ľҲӦ֪һ㡣
֮ԵߣبľľֻѪܵʵŻẳҵģеȥԷ顣
еİֻο壬ްȫпԣֻʵŻѵθС
ǹĺôɡ
ܹ֤ȡһϰ߹˵ΣԼɴţȥϲõժȡɹ
һͲľһδˣҾͿԣûб̶ɴ
ųĿ־ǵĿ໥ţ·ˡ
̧ͷҡ
Ҷ˶٣ƽãľͬѧԿ𣿡
Ѫ˿۹۲ңΣɿڣԡ
򵣼ܡ
ƿײľ
ҳ˳ǡ
ҲԣҲ֪ڴ֮ͥ²׸
Ƕӵ״̬ٶȲ䲻Ҽǵûг緹ȥѧУˡ
ȥɫĲ԰ףͬİֽüۼǳòҲһµżû֮

ûתĺۼûи
ҿľͬѧᱻô𣿡
ᡣҸĹء
аɣǻͿԡ
ʱӣ˵𽥲ƣҵĵڷ棬ʮֶʶ뿪
ԴÿһľһҲûбֳĹذûĸطᡣ
һصңطľѾɳųƬ
ԿףȻ֪ġ
ʫɳϵһѱסң㲻֪ҴϹж֪࣡ô˺öࡪҺʫİʯ
Ŷԭеľ
һرסôߵҲྱ

öƷζľͻȻָֻߺһ󣬡㰡ʫ
͵ǣĶϢŴĺβϹһƬ
ľڿǻÿһϸϸظ
̲ססͷƺ߳
ʫʫտ쵽˰ɣãľ˳ǵذҵĴ˵΢شݡ
ûлشӱǵµģʪȵĺ֮մȾƤˮʪۡ
ҲٺߺߵñǼҵɫ̶ͫ䶯
Ϊʫյģһҡ
ҲŷӦ
ʲô˼Ҫܵ˼ɣ룬ҸòֵĵطֻҲô
ҪҪҪϴҾûʫȫʫ᳤ˣǴࡣЦҵ۾
ʫ᳤󰡡ľĪ˷ܣÿζΪŮе
ȫ㲻ĵ㣬ľϸϸĲţҵĴֱƲסβŤϽ죬ٲȻѾǼԸӵ״̬
ƿǱ̬𡣡
ͣҾͺľһȥй
ҽԺʬ֮ǸԳľ˲˴ϷĹأǽľڻĽҰ롣
³һ̣ǰС£ͻȻſЦã͸ñҧ
йߵ˼ţΪǧǧݻ֮һججﳤȥûмͥûǮƣ֣֮ʱ⣬ܿһžҹ
ľĵգһ۾ɽ֣ж
Ȼһ˿ĺѭȥȴһһ¶ǱļϵĲλȫۣ״̬Բĺ
δôˡ
ǵڼ
ﰡ氡Ϲ𡭡
ϸϸССﴫ
һ㶣֪ӿͽֿʼ
ؿð˿ؿڵ˸󶴣¶ϣһʻͷ­ĲʬӣѪݺȥĳһģһ
ŵڵأʧɫ
ʲôǿͷ­֣޳Խȥɫ۾ӵת򲨴ȻᣬҴֻܰˡ
Ǹ
ʡ
֪ΪΣĲ־ؾ£ͻȻðһ뷨
԰ֻܰأǾ
ͬһУ˺ȫ
鲻Խָǿͷ­
и
ǿͷ˼ңһ·ڡ
ˣû˷֣ͷ­Ҳܰڵȴ̵ʱǿűװڴԴͻȻ궯òŴӰס
һЩýͷؿȥûʲô¾תȥ
ȺֻһŴӳ궫ŮȻɻؿǸԲĴӡ
ڴ亹ֱð
Ůߵ˺Ȼͷ­ƣֱͬһˡ
˿ֲľǰ־壬ܶ
رǸĵƳһۣڳ·̵Ķѹòҿȥֻŵ档
ʫʫʻջߣȥΣյڿʲôҵֺʹ
ȫĹ׵ؽճۡ
ʫֻƿɻĿ⣬עתͷľһۣò˰
⣺ΪƵĲã
ϢദģʽǢ˭ܿ˵İ⣬ʮֵŨĵز
ܵǿͷ­ڷ߷ߵ˺ҧŴӣȴûֻйߣƺʲôһЩִ磬ûб¶
ʫҪȥﰡͻأ⣬ЦεĶ͵⡣
ͷ­ڷŭع沿ǣҴ򿪴̽顣
ʶӿͷ­ҵغţ̼䣬ӱһһַſĹ졣
ֻæһ졣
ıѽʪ֪Լʲôֻ֪ͷ­ҲȻɢΣϢͬݵ˸Խţţֹͬάűġһѹ亹乣ݷ״
ʫ룺㡣̫ǮС
ȥаɣ
ҪܶǮ


77 
MһҽѧԺ
ǰʱ,һʦMγʱ˴ѧӵصľЦ͸¶ķ⡣
ʦ㡭㲻ǡ
Ϊһľṩ˹,Ȼѧϰʱ쳣ĵò˵䣬ʮֲͷʦû,ҵĹƭ,ֱˣĪƬ̾أԭ
ֻͻȻĳһ,޷סԵ£һƢøȡ֣һ˵šǸΪʲôҪ
δͨԼѾħһ˼ƣʹɱ֡
ţԻŵľһۡ
һʮʮٵʦˣŤͽֵ¼
ҲʫѧУ,ʶľǰʱ,ࡣ
ʦججر죬»صѧУ,յǽ͵Ϣ,,ȥԼѧУĹԢҲͬ,ֻȥʰ
˻ص,Ƭ̡
,һֱǵʮܣ͸һ˿⡣
мһ͵ķչޣԭͱ걾ɣֻʣ±򿪵Ĳš
ȻٵغȻȥҡ
ˣˣ
䵹ľ졣
ΣǷϵصڵء
Ǹɱ걾꣬ˡ
ͷ·⼸ٶȸӲ߳
ҲһǸ˽ӽʫʱ䣬ǰôһ߰Եȴһλᡣ
ʧЩǵʫ[ľ]ڣһˮ󺣡
󺣵ȴźХ
һƽӣڵ졣
ղÿȥ棬ȥʲôˡ
ΪҪϿΣš
ʫʫҪȥѧУҪȥҪȥ
ϣľסҵסҵĲ쳣ί壬ſǻžžવ䡣
ң֡
ѧУľȻǲǰȥϿεˡ
ľںģ׼··ʲôûзƵȥѧУ
ҽԺǸ˻ûԶһһΣգһȥ
ͳϱסŲ
ʫҪʲôľ۾ƯˣʲôԸ㡣
һɿɡڵ
ľеʧ䣬ü裬ƺҵ鹼
αװı棬ƼٷǼ٣ҺȻֲʧ仹Ǽٵġ
ǼʱϿθҪҿ϶صͷǳԡ
ľ°ҵĸͷʮֹɵضң԰Ƭ̣˫ɫҵϴתƬ̲ٿһЦʫ˵һ顣
֡
Ǹոյ˵šԼȴ
˵˶Ϊжı׼ǲЩ棿
ҸɰͰ͵ǳԡ
ã
ɿҵԳϿΣϵʱ䡣
¿μ϶ֻסжŽ
[֯Ҫǰļ￴ˣעⰲȫ]
Ǳ
Ҵֻظ
[Ҳǣעⰲȫ]
룬ټ˾䡣
[ڵ廹]
[Զ븻ͺúܶˣеĸҲ࣬ûעңȥҽʱͻãԻȥˡ]
[õġ]
[һ˵ˡӴҴˣлл֯]˸Ц
ظ
[ǱԼԾȵĳɹ]
һ˸ҷĶţǸס
[ҳԺˣǸ֯ûȥѧУ]
ҪʽظûϵһŽ
[ʧˡ·߾ʲôԼڵ飬ҪǮɲԸ֪ͨǣȱѾýҽԺһˣǮҪͿԡ]
ɾ֣´
[ԡ]
ڿѧʱͼϵʽһİǰĪʧȥ飬Ĳ֪ʲô¡
ǡһΣ緹ʳóԵģ°׷ʱżмҪϵʽ
һһܾ극ȴǸľ뿪˰ɡ
[ľ]յ뷨Ϳ̬ȣܾòᰲ
ҲͶ£ǵյĶмģһ㲻ὫڷҿȻ˾ƽȹͺá

Ҵˡ
ľҪһµʱôҲƽȹ
ҽӽҹصңһˡ
ҳϴ˸裬һľųٳٵؽš
ŵһɲǣеĶֳֹͣʤ
ʫľЦϲлص㿴ɿģ
Ƴһ½ǴûдõմȾϵѪĵطӦ
𾪵㡭Լģ
ţɿڴؿҡ
ܳ𣿱Ǹʶôˡ
ֻŴ𿪣һͳɿ
ͦ
³һڡ
Ż
ȿȿȿȿȡ̲סԣǾζҵĺڣܣôϲʳһ˶ܱɿ¡
ⲻǺóԵͼǵĻе𰡣
ʫҪˡľ״ƺ֣̽ҵĴǡ
ţճӦǿջЦƽ˵óԣ´αˡ
ȫ˵ڡ
ľȴҪҵۣɳϣһѱҵȽһ𣬸˵ҵĴ
һ룬ɿϣ˳üͷѳԣ֪ӵˡ
Ҿ裬ҿɲⰡ
ʫľ˵ĺܽϢҵѪ˿ڣҵάʫﲻһֱȥ𣿡
Ȼܰ⻹˰ɡ붼ҪΪһӰˡ
ľӺ﷢һ岻ϸͬ԰¶Ĺ
ҽʣµɿ°װηؽڲ輸ϣˣˣҪ˯
ʫﲻϲ
ϲ˵Ϲֻѡ
㲻ϲǵؽչһһţָҷɳϵСĴָһ繵عһ˲䣬޵ЦĴǣ¶ӵʼļȫϸЦǡôĹ˻ȣΪĶ¶µǺϸƤ
ҸҪ˵̽ͷһҵ۾Ҳòһ£ë
ԤеʲôȻ֪ôһ죬ΪһżһΣǻǸеɡ
鸴ӣǻֳ𣿡
ţŲᰡҲʫﻳŶľ΢ЦŸҵĸķֳ󰡣Ҫʫôʹֱ࣬ǸѪôôãʫء
̻¶ϸ΢ռβǶ糺죬δʼѾ̬
ŶķֳʽǷֳһԼι뵽
ľһԶкӵġ
˵ʲ໳У˵ԼҲ޷ʫʹ࣬ңĶһһܻʫϲģֶǾԲġ
ƺ˰ҵĶӣΧƣľеǳױһӿ͵Ϯϡ
ҵ˼άһ̬ͣƬ̡
ľ״̬ܹǿҵӰһˣֻҪ룬ܺܿ콫ȾԼ׹ĺס
ʫʫԼ[]㰡ľɤɿˬҽòײʫߡҪʫˡ
ûʲôϾһҲų飬ҿľ̵شӦˡ
ҪǷˣ͸Ͽȥ
ڴӦһЦ

޴ͷʱǼˣ·ҵ˿
˵ƣҿǰĳľֻȻʫ￴ҵ壬Ƿֹ˰ʫŵȽϺá
ðɡҷǳͬ
;ãľ˷ܵ㣬Ťһ
εĿһ߾ҵĴϢ
ֻоһʼĺ֮ȣ̧֮ͷȻȵţľ򴽣ǰκһζҪʯһ۾ӳ⣬ұĥ۾մȾᣬҪ
ľ屾һָ߹ܣ˵ⷽ츳ߣܿ˼ɡ
ȫ̶ҵ㵽Ҳǵļ·ֻںңһжΧҽУζҵķӦ
ؿ޳ʱҲͬ޳ͬĿޣǲŷᣬݵı鲻䣬
ҿ޵رңΪԺгܲסһĳ̶ֳȾͻᳬֵľ֮ϡܵʽѸգһξľıʹĹƻʵһ£صᡣ
Ҳͬһ󣬻ҪҶһֱ˵Ҷʵܻظ
ľ˷ܵˡ
ʫÿɰʫճںڰ쳣ĸﵽ첡̬ĳ̶ȡ

˺ܾãƣ˯ʱһ㱼ڶϸϸľķѣҲֲ
ΪѾͣ
̶ֳȣһĹˣϴ̼񾭣͵׳Ե壬Դħһҵ崻׹һƬ
˯ȥڵڶʱ磬ľ˯
۾Ժһ¶Ĳǡܸɾ𪣬ܲסҧҧۼѣ˵Ҫٶľ
ͷ·ϵľ˯ʱķѣò뿪Ȼһ[ľ]ûᣬȻؽ£ߣֱ
[ľ]ȻۣһҼ룬˼Цʫһʲôʱ򰡣϶θá
벻ѣûѣͷסؿڵס͸΢⣬ٴγ˯
Ĭְؽرס


78 
ľ˵ǵһ,裬Ѹٵ
οʢ̽,ҸоԼÿһȤƵ,·߽ƣȾ¡
ľеػʼںڰз,͸ûͣµʶ,ʱҲǹˣ˵
̫ƣ,˵ĴҪӦ,˯˸۾
ǰһľƯ,ź΢
ҷƬ̣ƺϵ
û취Ϊ˽ɫĸǳģҵ˼άȻͣãʲô˼
һֽǶ,Ҷѵĺء
ʫûаֺۼľסҺ󱳵ֱ,ͷչ,ϸ˯ʵ,ǲˣ
š۾,˲ŷԼɤδκʧ,Ŀ޷Ӧ˻һЩ
ЩҼƺ鲡̬µ,ûбϹ,,۾,糺첼գڰѣ֮С
񡭡ڽʱιѪҺˣЩģ
ľҿհ׵ı飬һ˲סͫףЦʫ𣿡
šЩ룬ƤأԺе˯Ѿûˡ
ҳʵûС
ľм临ӵްһ𣬻һ룬־ȥ˵һʲôʱ򣿿϶컹Ҫã
һ˲Ķ漴
˰ɡ
£ֽԡɫȮջ֮
ʫʼβͼȰ˵ɹ[]ҲİҲҪңҵ廹Ǹɸɾģ㻮ġǸﶼѾѣʫµӡǿѾѿѪ˴롭ǲ֪ôʫôòײ»ۺҧ˵ģȻʫ׷ѡ
ڰɡ
ľƬ̣˵ˣ׽ԴҵĲȥżƤ֮ϡ
˸Ƿ˯¡
û·
ľľһ·¹˵
ľʼͱѩ׵ͷ΢΢ſңݽڣһ˫̧Ũܵڽ޵׺Բİ׼΢΢£ǲ𴲵Ρ
ϱӸǵȫΪߡʲôɺߵģΪ䣬ľӵˣմȾҵȣҲ¶ȣȫ鶯ȶάţ˺ˮûˣ»ع飬Ȼܲı
ľҲڴϹ˹һֱʫʫʫҸܵԴĲͷ
㰡
ľҵĺڷ·
ǰľûо£ȴȻһѶû⻬Ƥһ࣬Ư

ľ·ݸңѸٴϽ䡣
ϴڼԵؿϵĺۼУڵҺǷżٵ죬Ҫż̫ˡ
߳ʱľɫضϴ»
ң
ңʲôأ
ʫһŤͷͱ΢΢üʮֱݣȻҪʫ˯ְĴϣָʫǸƷϢȫǲ
ùӡģ֮д洫
ľŶӣɫһ䣬¶ƷļֶⶾҲҵĶӡ
̧ͷ
ľü۳ƽ̹ϵƬ̣ǹй¶˿ҰοЦյúܺðʫҪǻǾˡǸӦԷл
˵񶾵һ䣬ָ糣ؿңüʡʫһξ͸ҺòãһǸ쵰һԡ
޿ס졣
ľȻֹͣգգۣ޹ˣǴȻɻС
ԭ㣬ǿ֪˸û߳Ŀԡˣ˲ںֶ߳ܣֻ
ôһ룬ҲģپĻκεĹŹ֣ЦЦ𣿡
ľ˫һҪ𻰡
ңҪѡ
ͣټ룬۾Ƴ𴦣ɵƿߡ
Ȼѵİɣһﵽʲô
δҴľֺõҵģҧҧҵ⡣
̫ˣæջȥ
ľϳΪʲôǺõİʫŲЩ˿ԱȵģЩ˵Ŀ϶һ
磿
κεĶһҲ࣬ѪҺʫ˿϶ỳУøֱ¶ϸ΢ɫʮ

ļٵģ
ⶼԣǷࡣ
ľѪҺȲǣѪҺ԰æָ˿ڣָͲƷֻ࣬߼ġ
١Ҳߵļѡ
ҪҪǡ֪Ȼľ˵ôûеõʲôӡ֤һϸͻͬµľ˭Ҳ֪ͬĽ
ҶǲΪͬԼܳĵҲܣϧҲֶҲԳûʲôǿ뷨УĲ⡣
Ȼˣ
ԭ򣿡
šȻˡش㲻˵ˣ޹سգգ۾
ؾѡ
ҶĻﲢû̫ĸ룬ֻǾȷͦˣ󲿷ӦѪҺá
һҶڼţľߣһ˫һֱ
ңдšȴ֡
ҿӣһעҡ
ҳԶٷڲеعע
ֻչҵ
ң
ѵĸȻ鷳
ǰľȻҲļ䣬ϸ˵Ȼûнһεꡣ
ľԼˢ£κκۼ£Ҳǻع黹δ״̬
ֻ˵ҺüǿԼ̳еǺǡҳ˳ǣԴֹеԶԡ
ľ˵ǶԵģȷʵǾˬģÿһ̬ɾ¡ţΪʲôһ֪أԼжϵģΪǼһ˷űߴ˵һĻֻǰڵˣǡþͰЩԿ䰡
УҾͲҪҵĵӰ÷˰
ľָһС㣬Ҳգǵطһš
ȻٿɳݵĲһʱһ£һ£ԽԽҼ
ң
Ҳͷһۡ
ľһ˫۾ֱϲõضӡ
ң
ĬĬתȥ
ͳǿһǿҵؿսĿ
ţӾͺá
ҹ
ʫƣ˯µĺۼ
¹£ݕiϵĳ컹δɢǱƽŨȵĸ飬ھҵشϢûдŵѾ˯ˡ
޷ߣֻܹڱ֮˼
ޱϧµ˺ۣٺ´ȥǱܿƵ˺ѿһѪ죬ľֹֻͣĸֻҪ룬Զõ״̬ԵĿһֱôȥǱʫԻۣΪ̫ϲԸֿ
ŮǵʵȻΣ´ȣıʵͷ­Դȴòʫĺаȥ
߲ȣסſ򣬺δӷ˿ĩҵ£ʹ
ˣĻҸȫůǷѵʹҲ޷ǣסֻǺܿϧ
ľΪҲſ֡ûôԼĸܣֻȫע
Ŀ֡ĸܡ
Ψ˽
鶼볣˲ͬ
ЩֻԼĸܣȴ˵һˡֻںʫ
ġĺÿֻ֡ǿøоеǣ׵س
ʫΪԷʧڳ뷨ֻ֪ԼƲס̬̰
Դʫﰡ
ЩΪֻԼʲŻֵʧЧ
궯ࡢߴﹾ༤䶯ĴԡƤ񾭣Ĵݳ߹á
ϧЩƲסطѣǵȻˣûʫǰ侲İɡ
ű򿪡
ײײ߳ţ̱һǽڡһֱ⡢һģһ[ľ]ֱһۡ
׺ݵĿײȻֿ
Ⱥ[ľ]ۿŷѵߣЦһתͷŸ룬š
һ֮СʱǰҪƲסƷļʱ˹ڨʱֹ[ľ]תһ롪ʫſڣȡȻء
[ľ]һֱȴţûзľļ䣬ֱǸƷ̲סѣò뿪
Ȼؽңʫϵĺۼޡ
Ȼʫ£ⶼǸƷİʫﻹòֶǡģÿ
ңʫҲΪƷģͬôġôʣǰġ
[ľ]־Ҹðˡ
ֻǸƷ۰ˡ
ϴᱧŮע˯ãصؽƵʺͺĳȵһ£űۣ˯

¥£ľСѿͷ­Ӷš
ǿͷſ죺ʫ
Σͷ­ľſڵһ
ͻȻͼٳȲ걻һѾסͷʹͷƤ
ͬò˲֪ʱΧ¹͵ϵʬΧ
ץסͷľƳһ۵ϵʬϺɫĻۣɫȻ
ңƾַƷʫ϶Ĳã
һľҲʮְǷ
Աߵľ˵ǣȣ
⼸ȫǺɫѪҺҲǷѹٶȸˡ
Сʱǰʫʪۿʱ[ľ]ڷļ䡪һ˲磬ʧأһĶŲס˻ŷѡ
ʱҵľΪʫǰŬƣȴܣǸƷҪķûе
ȻҲ磬һ͸ط϶ѣһҹ뿪ʱԼ桪˭֪һûм䣬ҲûзʱķƷȽ롣
ֻܴ¥£ɶʫƷһ
ڴ˿̣ԶԭҰǿȻ״̬ľֲأµľҲڲס
ҹ[ľ]ķ֮ҹ
ǿͷ­ץסͷҲգԶԷӸµٿһЦɼȳĻȡ
ʫĺÿɰŶУҪ֣˯أϾǿ˯ŵġ
նȻ㡣
סͷľƽȴŷӿĺɫ̶
һ룬һʬϵĻ

û취Ȼܶʼɣʫﻮµ˭Ҳƻ̾˿ƷǣķѽƻˡʫСģòײŻ˺ۣôԾʧǸ֪ôİǡ
ǣȲԣĬƬ̣ٿھͬȷˣǴġ
Χš
ֻѪľʬ壬ʬҲٵظָ۾ɡ
ŸʬľΧĸƷǣһʱѿڸԭĺ󱳣ڼԹ޵УĬãɥشֱۣ۽ޣޱȵʧ䣬·ˮĿС
˺ۣˡ

¥ϣڣһûܵκζš
ֱ¥µСڵľǲʵȥֱϴ̨
΢΢˯۾
ľʱЦʫǲˣ


79 
ѪҺ,ܹ˿ڡָǡ
ҺҲܹ١ƣۻࡣ
εʵ֤ǶԵģЩֻͨʵãұϲᱻЩɳķࡣ
Ҳľǿԡ
ܹ˻òӦû˳ԹɣȫӡڡĲ汻,ľȡ,ҲһϵĳȻԼˡ
Ϊһͨ,һпԵġĻͰڷǰƺѰǲɵֿջ󣬵ûôǿҵ뷨
Ҳǿ,ֻǾ̫ܵҵȤ,Ŀǰ֪,Ի̫룬͸дһƪ,ҪнṹòŻ±һ,ʵ벻,ͻкڵĻᡪܲ޳Ϊɣ
Ժһ,ҴһͲˣľޱȵ,ԼȤ,ϾûޣҶԱôӶԣΪŰ,Ҷʲô,Ȼġ
ıҲ̫һԵ
˵,ľô,Ӧü֤˵ϲ,,ȻԼܽһξ˶ѡ
ҲΪԶ߲ȥ,ǲԾԼ˵Ľ
Ҫһ㡪ҸԲһ˵ⰡһҪ£˵ȥҿܻԶǵĵĸоȻγɾ޴Ӱ
ԻجεģԻһµġ
ԣҶڲ뷨һֱ̬ȡ
ľߥ޵ĻӦ˼Ͳ˻⡣
ûзİдЦ⡣
ڷѱֻ֮½½Ļδʱ鿴ľżַѵ
ңԶֲݵ֮ϣŴ굧ϸԶĳأϵɫǻδҫ䣬

ڷҡҷɫһ·Բ⣬ϸ첻ڶͬСڶҡΡ
ٿգգۡ
վһڲݵ£շ㶣Ȼƺ뵽ʲôᷳĶعһȦ

İ
ʫġ
Ƶع˼ȦճЩм
ͬʱֹһһݵĸľ˼⡣
᳤󣬻ữΪһgɢָ졣
ûϵһʫ¡
ľ׵գ㶡
е󲻵ʫȥ֮ĳˡ
ڻʫ֮ǰЩӵļ䣬Щظϼȡ˶ȡֵľԺĪһɴӰӰ´¡
ЩϲŭȫֽõӣƮƮȻȥ
˶ԱȲ֪ЩǶôȤģôǳª
ǣʫﲻ
岻ҪȻΪʲô
ľ˼Ρ
ҪʫøãǰꡪԸĻԼûа취ġһδĳһʧȥ
ľͻȻɻ
Ϊҵĸ̫ӿȣȻһʱҲ˼ԼķӦ
Ƭ̣ԵعľϰߵݻȻͻȻһռįڳҲ޷⣬綼üȣžڵƺ̡ƳڣڻɢɻɫĽ
Ƿŭ˵һɨգطѣȫӶᡢʼΪеķӣƯ·ζʳ˵׷Ҳмһˣһ̻ΪУȼճ޲ĺ⡣
벻ôǰ޾
ۻصԼļҡ˵Ҳ׼ȷΪֻһˣĸȫϵҲţĿݽ߽ŷ壬ʲô롣
ϵ³ţĿĵڽֵָһ̣ȴûеȼɣ綼ûɾƣֻǰ
һ޴ĺ̵·ڣͷܶۼȺ
Ȼһ̽ƮƮȫ˲䱻־ӵһƬĺë
Ҫͷͷĵ˵ʫĲҪ׽Ū㣬ñңֻ˵仰
۳Ĭ̱ۡ
Ҫ𣿾һ
롣
Ϊʲô
Ϊҵûʲôֵġǣضźɫơ
곰ЦҲǣʫﲻһǱЩΧҲһֱŬؼԼĵ·û˱õˡǹġ
۲ֻͬǽľ˵ٴ
Ĭ
ӵĻС
ƺƳƳΧҪǣ̵ñʫ
ҪȻиɶȫȻʧȥƣֻʣ¶¡
ʶĻ뵽
ҲͻȻ֪ʲô
ִ֯ˣȥȥˣҲΪԼڹǲ̵Ķ
ùͬǹҲ᲻һδĿԡ
Ϊû˱ľ˽ˡ
ʲôûˡ
˼ûм䡢ʧȥ顣
ʧȥҪ۾Ų㣬Զᣬܺʫӵ꣬ҸðݡȻøܵõ
Щ۱໥ӵ޴ı֡ôԣô̰ܲĽ̸ʻЦɰĽһ۾
ʫһ³˵Ľ֡Ϊ̰ɵ֮壬ޣʧȥδüĹ֡
˵Ļóߣһ᲻ġϸڷĲʣԹޣͬĵ˶񶾲ʵĿ롣
㡭ŵôöһ˿һĿܣôܸԸͬ
ʫܲԸ⡭Ǿֻӷεؽܡܣһ뵽־ͱڻȼջҪʹǧٱ
ֻҪԸ⣬ͻԸеʹࡪǰʫȥʱҸģġ
̵𣬱û뿪վԭأ֮ԥػͷûи
һ۷ȥߡ
֪ڷչḶ̌Ҳµõ֯ûжԷоԺˣôЩͽԶ롢ûʧ
ôȥҲһ죬Ǹָ߰꣬ԾݲҲ˵
һֿԣֶһ˲
Ϊ̫죬ڹǲ²ⶼ޷
ҪľȻȥǲܵ¡ʹ£ֵַģҲЩ˵Ķ
ڣľҲʱ
ˣȼ֯ȥˡôʲô
۽˷ݣرľʵš

ر׸ð
һξܾľ󻶡ҪһʱĸܾͷƤ飬ʵҪġ
ҾͻȻһշգԴϱʱɤ΢Ƶġ
һȥصңѾʼ΢Ŀԣش򿪵ӻĳ뷭ҩ
ͷȡ
ʫڸʲôأ֪Ϊʲôľ߹
û̧ͷƵðˣԵҩ
ֲҸո׵ʱʫǻȡ˵
ң
ҡ
ľȴֹҵĶʫҪҵѪ𣿡
Ҫ
ѪͦȻɢ𣬵˸оëȻġ
ľˣҼۣȻЦȥҰɡ
ҷյĴеٻ
ȥȥɡ
ľƽȥϵҩһӣžһҵء
ιӶ
ȻҷӦٶ۱һ㵵ط·
ְ취ɣ
ʱģܾľǰڹ̺͵һεʱһģһ·ûʱļ䣬еľͬˣôһҲһĶϸڣǸ̡
ҵĺû뷢䣬飬ȴڿ֮ǰһ㡣
ģΪʶǲֻһԺľϸڶͬģʹҲϰߵİɣûֹԥΪҪҲŲʧءⶼǸ߹ҵˡ
ľĬ룬ȻһΡص仯խɳ

ʱ°ɳԵĵϿҡ
۾ˣ
ʮˣʫľشЦеزµĻִۣҵַĲྱϢһ¡
һˣΪһ˲Ķȫʶػ˺ۡ
ҵ˲䡣
Ҿ˵Ϳˣľޱȵĵ⣬ЦҪЩҩҲҪȥҽԺʫҽҾͺˣ
ұͷᣬƿգգۣԼȷʵͷɣֻʣ۾޺֮Щ΢ףˡ
˰ʹʳǲˣŲʢŵʳһһڷϣٳȥ
ڲߣһľ˫ֳӣЦҵģٿһݳ޵ķˡ
ľµ׵عҵСȣɢŰϢʫ԰
İ


80 
ľͻعѧУȻʱһЩŵò,ûʲô飬ɹǰľϾҽԺġʬ塱û,ֻΪ˻
һֱѧУܡ
,ľʮճˡðɣһֱͦճ˵ģֻڸӵ,ֻǼ򵥵,ǳһ޵Ĳ
ʼն˼Ų顣
ۿѪ,ѯרҵεʦʲôش󲿷ѧйأ,ϸ˼ԼҪʲôоδʱһԣԼ۽ͿԷſԵߡ
ĶС˵,йģ̫ϲķŰ顣
ۿεӰԼԭС˵ͼԼ,ʧܸա
һ˼գ˼,ľȴǰΣƵʱǰ߶,ǰ;Դչڱ䱾
ľβȥϿηϿεĽʱ,ҳɻ,׷ʲô¡
Ҳϲÿʱÿ̶һһ𡭡ľҳϸҪ۰Ͱ͸һ·Ȱ
㵽ôˣ¿κ߳ȥ˵һþò㰡ʫֱ鰤,ޱָסֹܱ
ϲż
ôˣظһ飬ΧɢͬѧѾмע⵽ߣľ¶޵ɫҲòסľ߳ѧ¥
˰ʫľβǣҪÿһ춼һļ䡣

תͷľɻü˽̴չסңҵĶͷ
һɣ
УЩʱյĳӯľٶһ²⡣
ٵİɣһδܸоԴȫڣ˼ʲôδ·Բ
ҲɵһЩע⣬̬ȶԴԷĻĻԣɫˣԡǳ⻹ҪһЩ裬Բڡ
֮ΪҾڳõʱҿܶǰû飬Ҳѧϰָ֪ʶԶһЩ׵ȥƯĵطδע⵽ˣǾͺƽֿľȫΪ㣬ΪԼ
Ϊʱ̫࣬˼ôòʲô˼ԼҪߵĳ·ԲڵǨ㡣
ȻҲʲôǣĳһԷǳм̬ȱ㣬ֻҪ֣ҪҪ¶ᣬҾһ̸ҲԾܾҵġ
Ҽ쳣
ҿ˾һˣǸ˿ýǮͶԷһʱ仹飬԰δչ֮޹أһֱжڶԷȥľ˾ٶ翴Լ
ľԲ۶Ҽ룬ٿЦʫô
֮ļϡҵԼΪ֮ĺͬһԼδԼ
һΪ˵Ҳ㣬ûôϲ㣬ء²ۡ
ϾϲƯĻҵȻϲľҲΪܱķʽڱ˿ҾͶЩ顣
ôᣡľеȻսһ˫۾һˮÿȳݵʼʫﰮңʫҲԼȱİһ뵽ʫҪЭҪѹκ˶УûʫЭ
ʫľԿңһҪΪԼһҪκЭĶֻʫŲˣôԼʲôԵģʫû˺κ˰
˷ܼˣ̾棡ø֪ʫŬǵദϵķʽΪǵδİŲЩ޴ԿԱģ
޴ԡ˵Լۡ
ڵȴĻظһʹûûˡ
ɫԽ˵ԽȾϳ죺ǲϲңǺϲҰΪʫеǵĿһУԶһ𰡣Ⱥһãݽ麣ΪǣΪԼİ޿ɱ⣬˺˼δԺҺ㣬ԹⱧԹǣ¶ª˽ϡ
ʫǰҵģذҰҺøˣҪס
ٴָסжȻ֧ǴӦˣ
ǵġľ˫۷óҰ
Ųǳ㰡ʱ˵ɡҺ
˵ĺѳȥİ
һ·ľٸͣöۣһ㡣
˻ܶȣֻÿһʱðһ̾
ʫôôô
ʫҲŲϲˣϴξ˵˵ģʫΪ˱Լһֱֻɵɰÿɰҿ϶ϲˣǾȵȸ֤ˣ
ĺܲϰ԰ΪλغǺǺǡ
ʫɫ糺죬ȣʫִֹһ·Ųܱ˵ԸððЩαġΪǵıöˣȻûѡƭңøж
ңˣˡ
صʱҶ˵ȫϰҶ
ֱԹľ鶼һֱõ״̬õغŸ衣
ɳϿӣèһ䡣
ң
ʲôԥ롣ľңһƬ⣬ƺ֪Ҫ˵èƵڴضӡ
šǡһƿӵĿ⣬̵ί԰취˷ġ
磬ܲҲ֪»һ飿
û˵ЩΪܾ˵֮ͻÿһˣ䲻õġ
ͻȻһľЦ˵ˣķҵģѾɹ
ʱҲ²˰ɣϢ
ľͷ¶˼ı飬ȻҳĿܽԡң˻ֱܳŵԼֱϱȻ˷ܵʫﳣõԡ¶ǲǺϤͰ˰ɣ

Ҫôܰ
ȥ˰
ʵ֤鶪ľֻһͿ˶˳ʱϲ̸Ŀ⡣
ҾſӵĶֹ
㵹ǲҪҰ
ڶѧûҡ
ҿǵһ̵ĲˣټİɫֻһС⣬İʳγԱȡ
ľε˫ֳ°ͶңǵЦʮŮġ
һΣ
ԴĽǣһʫԱ˶ûгԵǿô죡
ＫˣãҾ֪޾ܳ

ľǧʱ䲢ûжӲκӰ죬ݳˣȻŪϾһЩ棬ƾ豾ռٶĳЩܾӲ̫õӡ
ɴ˸һʱ䡣
ԼԲʱʱ̶̿ľһЩ׷ĺܺã˵ָʹúܺáǳ׷֮ǰΣնɱǻһľ
ҹ
ҴУſ߳ؼҵķߡ
·𣬴ѧΧ˺ܶ࣬ԽȴԽ١
紩СƤһƬ⣬ҹķͶһ䣬̲ס˽ﵲ硣
Ȼ·һڣһִֻӰקסң
ҺסȵӲǽڡ
˴ѼñƺȺʱ˫ְסңһֻﻹĵС
ҿסȱ򡭡
ǱߵĺӣҸʱ绰вˡ
¶޶գʮݣ۾ﲼ˯߲㾫񲻼õѪ˿֪ʱʲô£ͨĲȫͬ
ǮǮ㶼ôõĴѧܵеǮİɣݺݵ

Ҳ̫Ϸˡ롣
ԭΪҵѡҵľľķ׷Ȼ󱻸
˭֪ȻԼΣա
ǲôѡҪļͥҡ
ҲʲôںúΪǹԼҪӡ
ҲĪţԼҲḴҵʹ˽
Լ
ȱûסҲ̫ʹ۾Եˮ
ͷһΣĳ˿־壬Ҳͬŭʡ

ѹ£ܲգɫĻûһǹ⣬ʱ𽥱ңХ
ֵ
һ꼫ӹɫ䡣
ĸ㳲ѰһŮ
ֱСǰһľվסϲͣһ˲㶣ãؿƬ̡
Сʬ壬ƺ֪Ӳˣһĵĵӣþһ˿Ǹڴͱʱ㶼룬һʱ죬ĿڱԼĵ롣
ľ˰βŽʫﱧ˫ĿգмۣԵôǱŵƺһҪؿ޳
ʫС
ֱ࣬Ȼ£ľʫﱧڻ¶زһƬž
ءľüͷʶ޳Χ˵Сޣʫ
ԭָܡ
ǱܵķӦȴȻ䡢ãȻ޴룬һ˿ĸûвֻпã
صͷĶͷ֮ϣ˲䡣
[]Ĵһ̬˵¼Ҳһӿ޵Һ⡣
[]ĴӦýǰġ͵ૣȻħ״̬
ˣʫӦòϲҵ⡭ʵһַ
˵
ľһȾѪĵʫ︹˿ڣԼϵͬλúԥش룬Ѫ̼ӿ
˵˿ͨѰģһ뵽ϵģ;ñⶼҪʹһ򱶡
ԡﲻ̫áļ֣̌ĿڵӲѪŮϣ԰޺졣
ĿڴõĵλãǿһŮ壬㼫ȥ˲ֲȱڡ
ַҪһͨ˿ڣδʹá
̽壬޲ţָţͬһҪʱ䡣
ٶ֮ʱǲ塪˻ա
ʫﲢȫʣǻΪĸԶֻһѡȻˣʫﵱȻֻһΨһģֻΨһġ
ľǵϵѪۣȥ
Ӻľͬʱӿڣڳɨһۣڵϵʬϡ
˴ʱ˵ķŭ侲
̫ˡ
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ȱҲͬᱻͬľҪģڱ֮ͬǰܾһеĲʹ
ʫľãȻ
֪ķӦٶ۵޷תֻų̫ˣҪһȫ֮ء
ݻףţȻ·;̫ңԶ߲ͷƵġ
ʫԶСŽ
ŮûлָĿڣɫ߹Ѫ࣬һȥ㿿ɭ׵ĹϣǾʹ
ľٿᡣ
ΪʹΪͻȻʶʫûг¶വ
һһģļչǰ
֪޾룬ͱľ̾ͳĸɾһ
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κ˶ܶκζ
ҲӦԸȥġ
ûı
ħһֻԼϣȻˣǸȻᴦҲһһ
Ӧܳͷ
ľͻȻһִֻӺקסĺڷȻ󳶡
ֵͬò꣬ΧȻľޱԭء
[]飬סͷ[ľ]κˣʫʹࡣ
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