Ȩ
: 
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[ĺ׷޿ħ]
ǴѳʷΨһһλʮĹʷ
˽˵һǧ谮ױչʾȨϵļ츳ʹȨ֮ĶԣɾҵС㹫ûһǲ޺ġ
ûʼһ£һֱǽС
ϧһ꣬ҶС
µףһĻ֮˻
ҵǡĸٹƶȡҲ𽥸ˮ档

УĶŵĹӣʯ䣬޶޶
ףԼͽ֮ˣеͬҳͬѹеľʯҶһ¹սӺڰ
ףⱲΨһ˶ѡ
ݱǩ ͢ ÷ ־ ֮
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣӦ  Ԥղء󡷡ɱ֮һˡ
һ仰飺֪ȫԱ˺ڻ
⣺·ľͷ·


1 
ź죬ǧһ̴ڻȴããһƬѩ۾
Զһжѵɽ󻺻߽˽Ű£Ϊһ壬Ψнս׺вŽֱܷһ
ĸʣѳλʵۣһλ۲ŴԵ˫۱ڹıűصĺһͬɢڼžɽȡ
ǹԽԽѩ˫ۣһι֧Ųס壬ֱֱȥ
뾰ɵһ涼δü
ҹʼִһ󼱴ٵһļӳſʻ㼲̤ʯϣصڿտĴϡ
ѳĹأʱֵɥڼ䣬ʿգĪǵ͵£ҹջۣҲ֪Ǻ˵
ʱ̻𴰻һǣҪ쿴һ
ɵСţֻһֻ۾Ŵ⡣·⾩ˣʲôԺ˼ûʲô֮ͨͨǣ뾩˼ҵвͬÿһƥƤë͹ˮһ֪ʮ־ġ
λһ۱㲻ٿɱڣˡһ紵һǣֻƼĴԼλС㣬¡
ƼС̽ͷ̽Եӣֱ㽫ϡ
Щʲô
ֻǺСһ׵ŭĿ㲻ؾ졣
ʲôھ˶ûк³ЩĹ˿ɲǵģȥЪϢ
ɸ϶ȥϢ΢תȥǰݣֻ֪ƥͬѰȴϵóս
սĻ˴Ӿ⻤ͽλŮӣȻҡ
һ·Уֱſͣ¡ԵĻҹƽƣ˵ƽϿͻع
Ϣæ򿪹ţӭǻߵܹ̫ˮ
ˮѵȺʱǰϹϾһ񣬡¿ǻˣϽ߶üأ۳ŹԿδ飬˴š
ˮ˵գǰţֻһ˫覵Ǻȵ谮ƽ
ѩ··ϵЩлֹڴ˵Ⱥ򣬲֪ϴ˿ںδһˮһ˻ޢ껪ŮƸϸûסһۣձͿ࣬ƽɫ˿㲻Ϻã˵ҲΪ
عϴ˿ڸ幬ءֱƽ˫ۣˮ˵飬ֻ
幬üһ˫Ŀ飬ֱֱˮ
ˮø֪ǰЩӻҹﾪ¶ѣű˵ȵ۱ɹף˾Ϊ壬ͼһ̫ƽ֮⡣
˵꣬þò̧ͷ
ĬãһЦ˼⹬֮£ֵˡϲŭ
ˮ˵ͷһĺ飬ΨƽѣҶδٷʣֻǴߴٽ
ǵȼˣֹ·˵գܻŵˮֱڡ
׼·ˮԶԶ󣬺һ亹ʪ͸
ƽڻôЩ꣬ƾʢ
С̫صֹɫСؿ˿ڣҲø棬ƽʦӡ
족ˮʱĻƽҲ۵ģСԴϣ˵ն˴Ҵظϡ
ߵС̫಻֪ƽˮȴ֪ģƽ䱻ȵڻ꣬Ϣȴͨúܣһڱ˵ںδְԼƽڻ꣬һֱû뿪
ڣŮһȲΪƽů֣αظˮûڻźҲҪ˼Żϵ氡
ֻҡҡͷӹȲ裬ﴥ¶ƺϵĺδٿ˵
ɫƺ̫ãҲٶԣǰЩӲһҲδã·ż·ֻ࣬¹ҲӲš
ţʾҪС
ɥڼ䣬дŰ籣һֺ¸¹շ߷ĺ⣬Լȡ
һ˽ϵĶ񣬼幬ȥ
㣡Сʵ۹滹û˯ԶԶƼӰȲǰ˳ܡ
ϣϣʹã£СæǰסСʵһǸԵģǰֻ۰Ͱ͵Ӱ߽
վڵſСԴһ̽׵ܣӽ˼
Сʵ꣬ѳбѪŮĶʮָƽԶԶţİƺǰһҲһ㺢ͯС
ɵ룬ǰʱǺģܾҪǰСʵ۸Щ
δֱӽԸȽϴ¶˻ůӺڵ
һڵһֻůСǣסֺñôûøӣ˵գֻСֹסһߴһ߹ֹȥӰˣû䣬֪˹˷Űǹǵ𣿡
Сʵ˵ţƺЩһüëšţԲԲ۾ɵø󣬴Ǳ̹Ҳˣֻǽ촽ýġ
ףŭǱϴŵȥ˲١
ĵһů⣬ҲٱȡЦ겻ͬǵ빬ǰϻֻҪ㱧ĺӣ빬굹˸˵ˡ
߻ȡЦңǰ㣬ҲŲԸʡСʵ۱˵Щߣֵûá
ûʵ̫밢ˣٽҹʱѩ²ͣ㷲»ѩ̫㲻ܼʱ龩棬ǣŰ֣Ŷ˼ʵС
ֺزԣż̫ҽȴ£ԹԵؽǰ
ֹߵܹ̫࣬Ȼ˷ĵģֻϵҵİܣȲֹóϽϳ
СʵŰ˵һů׳Ǹǰڰĺӡ
Ҳ밢㡣ǰϰߣʱʶ̧ͷ۾
ûס̧׵ܵͷһۣܳˡ
һ֣ʾ⹬£ȥɣ˵˵
ȹȫȥСʵжпףһ壬ס
㣬Сʵۻδ˵ԼĺʾοԸȴᣬֻľľضŵе¯֪Щʲô
Ҫ޵ģʱûޣӹʱҲûޣҹʧߣɫЩƺϿһλʧȥ֮˵ʹࡣ
ɵ˻ʳǣ֪ʧȥ׵ʹ಻۵һ˲䣬Ҳǿʱ
ǽӣصĵطǵǾɵ½дֵӣ߽ҲƼʱƤµĻۡ
յĻһĻĻϮûԺﾰɵЦòƺһѵÿһζǶԼ١
һ̣û취ƭԼ뾰ɵѾ
ãСʵ۲Ŵӱ˵л
㣬Һˡ
Сʵ̧ͷ˫ձˮ͸۾㲻ڣ㣬ڻίСʵԽ˵Խܣþ
ס˼ˮ̲סҪӿۿСʵ۷۵׵ʪ⣬῿ͷϣֹסۿеᡣ
κžһ˿Ц˵Ҳ㣬ܵ㲻úóԷ
СʵΪЦڰҾǸδͯ𣿡
ȥ۽ǵ飬˵ڰԶǸӡ
СʵԣȴȻɫ㣬Ҳˣÿ쳤󣬲ֵܱúĸ󡣡
Сʵ˵üΪ棬Ѿϣһ̣»۵׵Ұġ
ϾǺؼҰģˡ
һ뵽˸ʣɵλǲҲ簢һ㣬ȴֱź֮־
ɵʧˣԼİҲصޣ˾ɵ۵ĺ󳾡
һıǰʱţҲ˵Ļֻϡһ
Сʵ˯£뿪ȴס½ǣЩɻػͷֻСʵǴδйأ㣬ʼݱһ°ûаֻ𣿡
˻ͬװںæܣȷ޹ˣȥű߲鿴ȷϹǲŴǰӵʵʲô߽
ⶣ˻ɲǰ𡣡
Сʵתͷ۾򴲶ĵ񻨣δȴ⣺˵׳ȴȻ붼֪ΡǰһջҵĹΣҼɫƣ⣬ӹȴʮֽʣôڶվͲʡ£ʱû˺
ԽԽľ²²СʵǷտʲôɵýʳڡ
Сʵۻǰ㶢Ŵĵ񻨣˳ĿϿȥδϸעֱСʵ۵Ļ
ҾͶƵһʻԵǰһʱ־ڸʵС
Сʵƺʲô˺µ飬ɫ𽥱ýţæְס
ȻӣĪܵģֻǺƢˣҸ˵˵ˡ
Сʵۺ˫ۣ᲻ص˵˾䣺𣿡
ΧĿƺͣ˾þδ
ʱˮѴӹųӹһС̫ݹĸɲϸµؽϵĻѩСʵЩź˸Ҫע⣬𽫺ȥ
ڵſŵһڹҲ⣬ֻЦͬĵֵͷʾ⣬֮Ȼߵڵĵطվš
ڵʲô촫һŴڵ߳Ը˽ȥҹ
ǰƼŵˮ΢ЦſڣعмǹŻϣһʱҲ˲ˣֹںͷְֹɡ
ҹأˮ̫ܹܣϾǸūţȻƽƽϣæֵ̿ⷬɷūˡ
ҲΪ¿ڣҲҹᣬǲ⿪ڣߵźҶ꣬ҲЩ֣ձŻ˲٣߹òߣоźҲֹܰһֹأ
⻰ʦĺ壬ˮ֪«ʲôҩҲֻõͷӦ¡
ͷʾ£ŲȥЩūţ߻Լá
ˮƽԶȥıӰʹڹж꣬ԾԹɫı첻ʮȴҲ¯࣬ȴδӺϿʲôͺƲЩ幬ֻ˼һ㡣
ƽؾϢڶ㴫˾ҹϹأҪˣԹɵˣƽ
һɵ۱ͷƽݳҲʮŴ͵ķţɼԺĿء
侰ɵѵǼ֣ƽĸʺΨһйճȨ죬֮ףƽպأɹﻹҵѪء
ھٵĴ඼ӵܣһţȻȥùͷƽҹ֮Ҳһ˸ᣬһŹĶ
ʺвԸ£ݳͽг֮ȴǸܲµġ
ƽأֱ޴ӵܱ֪Ը񣬹Ҫˣȼ֮ҷ׷׳˹еߡ
ȴ̽ϢҪıʵ˭Ҳ뵱ͷ
Ҫ֪Լ׼󣬿ҪЦȨ˥䣬ҺУֺһССĹǴǰھΪЩףЩһȰˡ
򸮡
һ֮˲ĴҴһǰϵĻѩߵš
ɡڴһͳ
ŽȥֻһӶԣԼʮģȴƾˣ̧ۿˣüĿѩһ˫ϸ΢˼ϵ
ĵӣƽı磬֮һܳӵ 
ӣƽؾˡһֱ˶ŻǱߣʮӣһ֪ƽؾϢͣ
֪ˣڼ䶼ڽϳδؾϢ㴫龩ˡƺ֪δж˵ӡ
ǻ֣̿Ժ⵱ģҪ²ӵȽϪԺԭΪ֪ƽϢȻˣֻû뵽֪ͨƽһʱ亹¡
±ʣ˲֣Ƽվ·սսһķūãȴûѣֻ˻ȥ
ȷһأӷϷһˣڵϸ¿ܲ徻
ȥЦˣҪЩڵģȻϷôֻ˴Ժźȷʵס
ᣬ¡
ǿǷ㣬ƽʱ棬żȻƼϲýȴعУһͬȽϪԺ
һգһҪģЦʲôûУһƽƽǷ㣬ҲֵǣҶǡ
ĵ겻ͬ⾰Ǵǰǿء
ֻǲ֪ƽֽ񻹼ǲǵµķ
ҶˣŹͺͺ͵Цһϴתȥ˷ǰˡ
ķһŲ֪һҹδߺ׼ȥδ빬ݼ̫
̫ţĵŮױǸŹŮĵ䷶ȵޣʱҲйٳʱֻ̣ϧѸڻȨҵĶǰ鰮֮²ֵһᣬͬĵĭ
Ƿϴʱƽڲס㲣ʩЩڡ
ӹһСŮеƽͷֹסۣҪȥ̫У̫ƼģҪѹġ
ƽžеԼȴ⣺ʸȥΪŮɫ糣ɣʩۡ
֪ʧԣ㲻˵
̫δǨӣסδ빬δ빬֣ȴÿ¡
δֱͨȥһλµŮǳߣδۣϤĽŲбϳ˭
ǰ񣬡ŮТˡ
ɡ̫δĲ˻Ƶһ㣬ֻ̧ʾŮ
¶ɫشһǰŮӣɷȥƺδжģδʩֻ£ɿɿ½ǵľ£˭˶Ծֻʮȴɷ̴ĸ̫
̫һûһµ΢΢¡Ķӣδһ㣬ԹԵ˵㸸ߵͻȻﻹһˣûϱͻȻȥˡǰұȰȻʶమϧ壬ȵ۵֪ģϲаҹͺľѪôǶȥҶĺӲ࣬һ֮ࡣ
˵ĴЩݣӲ˲۽ǡ
Щ㶣̫󲢲Ǹ¶ˣģЩ죬δڰοһԷ̵ĹŮǰο䡣
̫ƽ飬Żڣĸ˫ӣв̫Ŀ޻ӣ֪Ȼ۲ѣҪǺúÿһ̥ܵãҲȫ˸ʵԸ
̫ζؿһۣδӹֻ˵ů֡
ʱע⵽̫źֻˡ
̫ɫ𽥻ͣſʵĸߵŵǵ빬ǰĸ߸ŵλ֣ôź򡣡
̫üӹӣѸߣŹֶӣ˶Ѹϻˣλ֣ߺźҲǸġ
ƽֵ˵ͷ˵ŮТδ̷ĸңĸеĹ˾ʶ
̫ڰ֣Ͳʲô£Ա涼ǵʡ֮£ЩʡҲ˷ģֽˣҲܷĽ֮½㡣
ͷǣ´̫ù˲ֶ̫ඣעĻ㲻ٶֱ߳⣬ųһ
˴ͷβδ֮£ƺֻǳȥһˡʵں֮УﶼΪʲôᱻڻ꣬ȵȥ޷ؾ֮һ档
˱˴˶һϵ˰̣Ψвᣬల¡
ƽ뿪ֻ̫֮ǰţ͸ڵе֬ɽˮ羰ƿϣ̫Ŀʵʰһƿ֪Щʲô
ֻ۱ƿĿ⣬һļӣСңʲôϡûֻƿҲֻ̫ڳ
֣˱׳
ڲϻδ빬ķֱתǽҲתͷ
ĸʮ꣬ɿ׷ˡ
ͷǽиķ죬Լܲ͸߹
뿪ڻ꣬ûж࣬෴ôδɹƣȥб⣬ٺò
ֻϧջǻصеģһҲ޷ӱܡ
ⱾΡ
ҹСʵͬ˵Ļδӻ֪Сʵ۶ԻĴ滳ɣɴǸɵģһܸɳʲôأ
ĸĻʲô˼أҽͽʲô£ֻʱȴԣɵ۲żݱûã»δǻ̫ʱ˽ֻ֮Ҫ²ҵġ
ںѾɣ뿪ɸվסţʱֺ̫߳׺֮£Ǳеģ֮˶ϵֶӾƾճֵˡ
빬֮¾Բ򵥣ֻǺʱвģִʱڹ⻹ɥȪ
֣ǲģǩģжŮ丮򲻻̫£ֻĲ֪Ϊ丮Ϊ̫ȴ˵
м֤ʵֿȲֵҪ
ҹɫŨһ۵ʻ⣬ھߵһСǰͣסһŮӣƬ̲ȥǣˡ
˲ĴҴңһ̣ʹ˸ɫֱԺ
˺ԺСݣ˲ŽϵĶ£ѵȺʱ˼æ
ɲμ
Ǻ뵭񣬺ʾֽϵ˲䰵
ȴû˵ָֻô棬һһ¡
ɴʱҲסֱֱȥĵ޶ھʵΣ빫ԹĹֻһξٷ
Цһ𣿿ȷʵ뿪̫ˣõЩ˶ֱڱǰˡ
һֶЩսս˵
ŹǰˣֻᷳƹھϷݵԼˣûǴ޶类ȥˣߵǷ޶ף֮ǰ˵Ǳм֪ЩС˼ɲ֪
ԣɶʱңǸС̷ڼ˵عԱɢҲƲ˵ĸǣ˫˫Ϊԩǰ޶˻⡣
ҶƽŵԳԩѩΪ˱ھ˹ĶĿǾ֪ԼзգΪ˲ѱһźӵĹѸߣǴ½޶
֪£һֱ˵ǾûҪ²ȱߣֻг뾩ûʲôʶɲŻΪֵȱˣżȻͼʲôر֪ݺԼΪ¡
鵽ΪֹǶμѻˣϧƹ̰Ĳ󣬾ͷֺãЩ꣬ΪҴ˲Ϣ
֪ԼʧƽΣȴΪԼѣϲʱҲѶΣƴ󣬵ʱҲھУʵֻֿӦҲδ͸¶ҪϢ
˵£ԩ
ͿǰԺлѩʯϷĹ⣬ͥǰһÿϡǵӦǷ㡣
Ƭ̣úһ
ΪԼ˵˻æѹø͡
ûҪ˼ԽǸϾɱģѻڿ˵ֻһΣЩҵݵϢ𣿡
ǰеżϡ
µ֪Լ³սսһء
Ը˵סڱǣǸˣɴΪᱣ˵ԺӣСͲˡ
ɴ˿˵æǰƣ빫Ϊָ·ɡ
סδ̵ǣȥǰʹ˸ɫ񣬵ᣬ
ǹΪ֪ģǹƵˮôȫȫβվ⣬ɳĹ֮£ʵáĻֻһΣ㾡ģȻȫȥžۣ㻹ˣͷ޶İΣɾͲ˵ˡ
棬ʹԼϣԼú湫£㲻нһ⣬ٵͷԼôûţС첻
ùʾС˶Ϊ𡣡
Цһȴ¶ɫ漮ڽ
Ȼ̧ͷǻʲô׵ģ¶ûлͷأѡΪЧͣ»Զڹ޶ǡ
ҧҧӦ
ϵ˰յĹ򣬵ŴԺгɫ֪϶ˡ
ֻǵв⣬ɴ˲ãҪȥиõѡ
ȴЦ˭˵ҪˣΪǣΪԼء
ȥʱ˶Ϊ޷أҲ⣬֮ǰȻҪҸɽҲ룬֪˵о£֪¡
ھ˵⣬˭֪վŵƽ
ƽȥ˻֪꣬˭עһصආ
޷ЩһϷ룬þ˶֪Ǹ֣ʹƽڻҲԸⲻ벻
ȫǶǶ˵ʹЩɵԽԽ
ǰװģôҲɽһ


2 
عʻһͻȻͣסƣվһλӣƺȺʱ
ˡ
ڶ˶һۣ
ͨ󣬾ԱָơڲЩͱˣ˭֪˶Լٶ᲻á
ó鲢ãɵǰһȥǣ֪֮ЩҲ˶㣬ֻԴ뾩㲻ϻҵţеţֻҵɣЩϢҡ
ȴתȥ޷Ų
˲ɿұˣ֪˹ȴҪ㡣ԼõˣںǰǸǰĹӣмֺֿõζ
ǰӣδƺ˲٣ƺǰЩƺδʲôرĸı䣬Ǹҹӡ
ɺȴǰ֮ǰĲͬٳƺʹαװԼ
β˵ӻóһľϻֵǰ
뿪ǰұ㣬ֻһꡣмʧ䡣
ûֻܾľϻϵĵЩ񣬶һһöҶ״Ծӹľϻ
ӹǸˣǲԾ¶Ц⣬͵Ҷ񻨵ϻȴֻԼѧ˵񹤣ľϻϡȴû˵Լѧղ֪̻˶Ϻõľϣµİ̺ɼ
˾Ĺ̵ֻΪһЦĹ˾
мϲ⣬ĦľϻϵķҶһЦðɣķɵ±ˡ
һвӵĵȻ˵ͷڣһϻӣûʲôϡģ쿴Ķɻϲ
˻һȴﴽЦȤָҵ̵ϻӣô˵һϻӡ
ЦмֲȻȭסȼΡ
΢Ķ⣬Ц˼ͷٿᲦľϻСӳһֻϺõİӡ
Щǵȴһ㣬ûЩš
Ҷһ㾶ֱ䣬ͷɺʣ
ﱾͳ֣һֻ꣬εڵʵ֣֧ڵȵˡ
δش𣬺ֽȡ£ľϻУƷźò̧ͷԵɥڼǲôЩġ
ͷЩȻǶģպҲǴؾδκΣϸǸɸɾʩ죬ȴԵзݳˮ֮ܽ
䣬˵ЩĹСѶͨ죬״¶ɫػ˸λվţЩ磬вȴֲĿںֻܶôЩȥ
ϻӱ׼뿪ʧ䣬ֿڰɥڼ͵͵ǲףͻȻƼǲֻҪ㡣
ɥڼ˽¼ȷʵףڵüȫԸҲֻĿͺ
תٿͲеīԲԳӰԣظ
ϣȫȻƲ֮ǰϲãɫ
ԶƲڵӰŷӣתͷԺ繫ϣ˹취빫һ档
ÿɷֻʮദǸʲôˣҲ̫һʲôˡ
˼ܣ򿴲۵ģаΣȻˣɻ¡
Ǹ಻ɳӵˣһͶΪǱѣһɣֻû뵽Լ
ȷʵûѵһССɣϢæӻ٣īԴڸӺ͸Ľֿڰأʱֵɥǹ˽ԳǶ˼֮¶Ƽ
ȽϪԺīԱ㽫ԼɼĶԻ˵ֻ;ƽ뿪ֻ˵ֻƽԺӣδĻ
ȴûͷĶԣƽΪȣƽǴԺ˼Ȧ
īԲ֪֪̱¶ɻ
Ц⣬ȴŭ⣬֪īԻᶢţõ˵Щ
̫˽Ҳ㹻˽ߵˣŲߣ治
ֻԼҲϵģ˵ĻǷֻǺĵģмʵأ
ҲգܹǼһ棬Щ˼֮ࡣ
ߣľϻӵڵʾϸ鿴һӹϻϻִľϻͷİóϸἸΣֽľϻУ˫ֵں
ľϻӲʲôףҪϸƣ
⣬ˣͳȻʲô⣬ףȴֲò
һ£˶ʲôʱţɵĶԻǷᱻȴ֪ԺȦȫǳڶ֮ǰ˽⣬ʱȥҲ˵Լʮɰܲ͸Щʲô
תһ룬ǷҲôҪˣû˳ȥÿԽһҵĿ
صУȴЩò׼Ҫľϻںδȥѯʺ
ľϻϵǷ㿴˼ۣڰ֣ԸľϻŽⷿ
Щǰֻͽķ粻
ڶǸ죬ѵõů͡
ȵڽʱݱ»ʵĵǻʽڳ죬ܰףЩʱСʵ۶δϳֻ¡
ʱȺӵг
Ϊ׵̫̫ע⵽˳̫ˣüͷɵ
̫Ȼعһ˼״׷
ضļˣڴʱǺദģολسڽһʱ벻Щˡ
ʩʩȻһ·ةʱֳ˵ͷʾУ㳯ȥδͣЩ󳼽̸
Դ߶ȣ̫зʧϡ
¶ɫĸվڳɫȻǶʲ˺δùעЩ
ǱضҪȢģǰ˸赣ǣԴӺȥ˻꣬˵Ĺϵǰ
ղƽ·ʱһû
ɫĪ
ة֪֮˼ҲûãǰΪ˻ǰ϶ȵȥͻȻδƽĻκָʾ
ƽѼǣɥڹȥݳ޺Ϊƽѡ֮Ҫճ̣̫ڣة˽ԼŮ±ƽļʸ
ľͷƽġ
ɸ֣ɫ¿ɲƽھҲЩʲôᾡ˵źá
ֻӦһǣɫƽ롣
תͷȥٿ±˵̵һʧݣ˵档
ةǶˣվ˶ڹɥڼ䵱ڳӵüȥοһȷʵǲδվȺ
Сʵۿвŵ֪ʲҲڵ⡣
СʵۼüŪ۵ӣҲЦˣôС֪ˣȴǰò١
ȴԸ߻ӣֻкС¶ҨһǰʾСʵ۳Ⱥˡ
СʵʱӣԹԽһַʾˮյ۳ϣӵݸ
˵Сʵ۵ɫز٣ࣺЩӵǲҪսһš
һڴ𣬲̸̻꣬ڣνǽͷߡ˵صĹԱ඼ӵܣҹϵǽܣϢǵ˵
Ų֪ټѲܴϻϵİǰ


3 
ȴûӹżУҹϵУұϾԼң̫ڣҲ˺
ӽǴţܹ鲻ЩҵĻǲ㿴ġ
ȻСʵۼܾҲûǿƺԺķӦԤϣֱŷ鿴
СʵõȫǾɵλʱųȥģֻھɵһˣλ󣬾ɵߵ㽫ܵЩ˵ｻСʵۡ
ֻ֪ǣϵֻһ룬һ뱻꽻˺ЩҲ᳭һ
Ըԭֻڲ£Ͼ̽ǳҪ֪Ȼǰߡ
Сʵ仹СڹгĺмأеĻҲãᱻ͢ЩϺԵͷʣ
ᵽİЩӴūһ£էһƲʲôףϸȴԡ
ԷаʷҲ˵һİңЩ¹󣬸õūʹ඼Ǽģ̱ңҲЩūͣȴ˴
ЩūͽԺңʵ뻤ûʲôˣ⽭һ̫ƽҪô໤һô࣬ʵ֡
Сʵ۽֮¸ߺƺ֮ǰֻ֮̽Ǻ롣
ڴ£֪Ѿ˴̽Щū͵ݣֻǴʱȴֻװոš
ǲɹūͣЩūͽΪ׳ӣҵǿһԺ򵥣Ի⡣
˻Сʵı޶£ȻҪȥģĿǰʽҵĹϵˮ˵ǰ㲻ܣðˣܹǲʽ֮֡
ԱͷԸˮֽʵϣźܻţȨ֮ǰֲ̽
˵ձɵö࣬Сʵ۱ϾֻǸ꺢ͯӾס˵ϺҪ̸һ֪˵˴ӡ
һЩƺɫһֱǺһȥĿԴǼ·֮˸ǰӣд඼Щ׸֮˭ҲΪһѾ˵Ļȥùͷ
ȴûʲôֻɫ糣۴ЦСʵ˵
Сʵûʲôԣӳʱ仹С鲻˵ֺǿģóܺá
ʲôãżҲԣȥ궬͵ܳ棬˺þöûҼ԰ƺԵļɽϲţʱ춳ˣһ²źáɵ֪¸ŭɱһ̷ӵĹˣʺҲ±ιϡ
СʵֻⷬöƵúܣһʱ侹ЩǿŵСʵ˵꣬ŶϵĲһ
²յСʵƺȻʵˣʽЩӿȥ֣
޷ֻóǻӦع¶࣬һʱδҵʱ䣬Ҫȥġ
Сʵ۴˸Ƿ˵ͷЩ⡣
ʱվˣ뿪ʱŲȴЩңСʵ󿴵һ
ȥ·˷磬ûһ·ߣЩϡҹĻѩջ·ЩʪһҪˤǵӦһѷס
ôһŻعͷϸ룬յĻЩԾǽ̽ҵ̬ȣӡ
ԴӴӳ£˺ܴ̼֮˹飬ǰӣ⼸˹вĵĹ涨ЩƺʧںУõԼҪƭԼ
ʱúܽɵ¹ٻӻŮǰ˵Щ£񾰳ɵ˻Сʵ۸ǰҲʲôϡ£Ҳûܽһӣο֪ѾˣСʵһ
ֻǺû뵽Сʵƺ֪ıԤϵҪ࣬԰ƺǴӴǰȥ鷿ıؾ֮·ʱ߻ˣ֪ʱʱ̶̿ҪճȥѧҲҪţֵôӲܰѧû˵ʲôǾɵ۾òףٸš
ɲ¾ɵۣ֪Ҳѵ⣬ʺʺӵĸͣδ֯ŮĽܸоĸǲϲӵġ
Ժͣ˼죬ҲǼѣûסҪȥҴӣֻȴĿŵŴӣ͵ù˲עƺԵļɽƽյҲ˯ˣ첻ȥţ߹Ŀһۣ˵һģ
ֻǵձ㱻ʺ֣֪ŮĪĸ⺢ƽ࣬йǷʱ򣬹ȻֶߣûˣҲŹ˾͵ܳȥ
˵ʺЩЦŮµЦ˵뾰ɵ
ɵֵúǸã֪ʺ֮Ҳֻǽ½Լᡣ
ϣദǢشԼԸ
ÿ峿ĿԼ£һʱ֪ЦζЩȴͬ깦λбɲÿ͵ȥ˯ͻ᳤ߡ
һ߾ֵԼͷҡͷʾһԹú˯Ҫߵģܸһѧ
ǰֵĹϵõģһûСȥ궬ƺϵļɽŵ𣿻ֻʱĺ
һбԽԽ࣬Żع
侲˼顣
Ҷڱ䣬СʵȻǸʲô֪ͯᵽ԰ƺԵļɽ֪ı
ںߣСʵӦǶԵ֪֮һЩʼҺ֮Ȥ£ȻҺҴȥôҲֻСʵ۽ź򻹵ε˲Ÿ
һ뵽ˮǹеˣл֪²֡
Сʵźһֱһλ̫࣬ˮǻϼλźģΪ֮˵İţڿСʵƺˮεģʱҲδˮرܡ
ֻǺʵڲ⣬ˮΪҪ֮¸֪ϣΪ֮¡
ɵһ㷢ԼߵĲǻع·ϤĳǽȻǰǴӵĹ
ʱЩ֪룬Ҫǰȴһתͷ׼뿪
ȴһϤĽŲŹ˵Ķӣϰɣջѩ䣬ɲˡ
Ǳԭأʹȫת
ǰЩҲվԭزҵϵ磬ֳǰĺ
ɺʲôΧֻʣˡ
ӷ·ǰһ㣬ЦӯӯһҪ˵
ʲôûзֻǶͻȻð׶࿴ۣƿǰﻹдʣһ㣬ɱ𵢸ˣڵء
ˣǸ˾ĴǸն
Լ߹׶Űͬһ̱ڵϡһͷǸų򣬻ʲôʸ
ҲŲվֱӣܰ뿪˵ء
ԽԽ죬һص㽫ŹϣױϻóһֻӾҪ첲ϴ̡
ʱϵһѶеӣҲЩʣʲôôЩ꣬ԼĻ𣿡
ٿֱۣһİ̺ĿȻ


4 
סȫֹסزʶѣȴ޷סıܣþȫ˫ֲΡΡϵĲˮһ
յ󣬺ƽ顣
֮²ɺϣҲ׼ôԼɵɥڻδ˰ͲסҲã빬̫ãҪ˳˳ӹе¿ɲҪ
ԭٵһȣܲھɵɥڴ󶯸ɸ꣬ȴǵȲõġ
Ǹ֮ˣȻ¶ҪɱƬҲ뵢飬ȥм
Ǻе겢δźڹЩҲЩ
мúܿ죬ﻹһ飬ȴ֡
ڻźͻȻǰ֪ǳʲô£õмţֽ˵
ǿźģ֮˵ûʲôܻ䣬Щڻǵһ˵˳ϵʹǰһūʹǰڻźˣϵθƺһֱãҲǳ߶ΣгȼŵԻ⡣
ѹūƹ㣬ζƽİ㲻ͬδֶлūҲ㣬ģūƹ
ɺǷĲ£׷ʵϵ˯أֿƹ
ҡҡͷϲ˰̫źһֹһ˲ٰģū澻δҵȥ鿴
ŴԣԤϣǽеɻʳ˿ڣڻź⼸գϴˮΣ
ūΪϴֹʮΣֹƽչ˻ʳ㵽޳ʱ򡣡ҲڣҲ֣ЩӻŮߵź˶ǴС㰲źõģһ𳤴֣·źȻǱȲϣЩӣƵУˮ֮ĬһһϦγɵġ
ЦЩпϳˣҲסʱ򡣡ˮ֮ͼ棬пܾˮźǵͬ⣬Ͼ⹬˭Ŀŵʵ۵˼ء
˼ˣЩʵЩıǺõģиε˰Ҳ˳ЩοˮǸˣץסᣬҲԻв֮ġ
ϸע⵽ϵ΢΢ʱʲŷ˺£°ҡͷ֪ʱŻŹĽᡣ
˶ԶУԼǰˣܷĵ£㻺ڵū澻źɣع¶࣬ū澻Ҫ湫ֵЩ
ʶס֣Щ飬һۣ˵Ŀʲôˡ
ֵˣǰìܵģһ红̰ͯ飬һȴǿΪ˵ϣġ㽫ЩʾǰҪٲǰ
ҲֻµЦЦҪɣǶˣ˹ĻʲôãѰӶˣôŲס
˵ֻװʲô¶ûз̲סȰū֪˼ϵһ紵򣬿ǻϱϾǻϣ۵ֻͯ˱ӻڻǺݺݴֹǰˣȥûϻǴǰĻ𣿡
ԥֻһҩոշ¹תͷ𣿻Ͼ̽ʲôķӣȴùһֲѵǹ̫֮𣿹û˻һֱǹȥģ
֣ǰһ
ʵǻϣ֮İܣɾɵϡ٣Ҳֻˣӳ˳նݳԸٹ¡
İܲ꣬˵ҩﳤģ޲ʱʱ̿ţ°иʲô̡
Ծô֮̽Ҳʼҵ鱾Ǹӵģ뻳ɣǳ̬Ļг󣬻Ҳ
Ϊ˭ִ֪ˣڻߣӶЩУʱ䳤϶
˼Ƭ̣֣֪˼ֻǰһɻֻܰҽ𣬻ٻٴϼգ⡭࣬˵Щʲô
ߺ󣬵ȺʱĵмŻ߽ڣʱޣ֪ƽΪνڵãȫɾģв飬±ץסѱ
ϣˮ빬ʱǼǵĲӣ빬ʱ͵
ɵλʱˮһֱɹźƢԴ˸ǿ̣ˮʱɹе̫࣬ɼмֱµġ
ʧ豻ߵĹ˶·뿪ΨˮһֱߣֱɵۼݱµۼλͻȻӳΪ̫ĹеСʵߣһԾܹ̫ࡣ
дСʵԼ˼͸ˣСʵ۴Сйһӵ̫ˡ
ٿҲʲôˣǱ㽫Ӻϣƫƫҳемһ
㷢ֶߣڣôмлҪ˵
˺Ļмп˵ԼҲǹеˣסҲֻɣūŴС֣˹
ŲūϹ˵ᷳذڰȥ
мȻˮЩϵֻǴݾߣ²ֻѣųߵ㣬һ鵽ס
ҹ
¶࣬˯ã˰ͷźЩΰѼ·Ƽ˴ӣʺĸҲڣϤİʽ֪Լƺδ빬УʱĴʮ꣬չ
ϻǻϲصӣ߻һ˭ҲľǿԺʿԸȥɽԺ顣
ֵûϻʺҲУԼһߵĵԴظ棺˵ѣĸҲƭңҲŲҪȥʲôԺ
ɵ۱ֵͷʵڲ֪˵ʱǺܸ˵ģһڴ󳼵汳һʫŵһԹѧôһ˲任˸ӡ
ŮɵۻԸһģʺʱƭ㣬οոհڹϲ˵˺ϲѧ𣿳ɲǾΪ
˴˻һҲˣֱһ߸ߣ޲Ҫָžɵ۵ı˵ʺһ
ŹܲʺҪѧǲ֪Ϊѧܺʹһһ˳ȥԺ
ڳȴһһģӦҵҳ˾Ҫһѧò׳ˣҪҳȥ˵ҳҿǸʣ
˻һʺ޷ԲɵۺʱָűҪ˦ȥ
ɸһת㳶ɤӺͯúܣ̵òӲͷƤת䣬Ӧֶͷ
Сȭս۾һ޵ģɵۺʺ˰죬ףǹײ갡
Ϸһڵǳһÿֱ˹һʹģôӶ壬˵˺ҲͲˣɽȴ⡣
Ըʺĸĵתȥӣɾϡˡ


5 
ʵǸӵС¶ǹɵģżԵʱҲ湦򲢲ƢھɵۺʺСһ¡
ȷǳϣ԰á
ĲԸȥɽԺף˵Բݸı䣬ôʲôˡ
Ӽһʱ岻׼ǣ԰ȥ
һ·Ҳ˵źɺԼۣҲװޣֻšͷȥӣúܡ
ӽǴţҲżԹι
ȻûһסˣĥĥߵߣСʾԼҲҪι㡣
ǱŤӣǿŲûЦװûһݸһʳ
С׷ģҲ⣬տʼ𽥳ιȤС
ģҲҪ˵ЩʲôЩԼͨ
΢ϰϰѵõ⣬ȴԴһص̾Ϣ
ӵͷߵС˶ͷ˵ɣʲôĵĶ˵
ɵӣǰ϶Ҳ޼£ֻлʧ䡣
ʱܾãʲңĸҲиҪĶ
˻һΧ˲䰲źĹǷ׷׵ͷ޲ðԴ·ֻԹԼ˶䡣
ӻ˹ˣüͷ΢壬˵Ҳ˲٣һ䲻㣬Ѱߵ˵زҪԹ
ЩãҲ֪ʧԣʱ˸ģֺõӵ䣬ҡҡһ˫Ĵ۾
ӶƽЩĳĸӸλվĸĿ֮ҲͶ࣬ӣװ£ѵҪÿֻһ˶ķϹ𣿡
뷴̫С챿޷룬Ҳ븸ʲôҲֻ
˵ʵڻ⹬еĺӣɵںϻʱ࣬ΪӵĴҲûĴ
ҪĲʱ䣬ģնһ飬Ŀֺαأ
ɿŴӵ񣬻߻ȥ֪˵Ҫŭ
֪дĺҲ֣ǣŵֹԹԻȥһͷؿŴӣֱӱЦŷĵҲЦı֣Ųδ빬ȥ
õЦãʱǵ˺أȥˡ
Ӱʧ԰һǣϵЦʧֽʣµʳȫС
˶˵ƽܳģԴӳۺ֮ĸ鶼սܣɼжϲӡ
ɺּԹɫһڰгĺӾ㡣
ԺԲ˵˵ΪסʺıҪٴ룬һЩֺη
ĹʲôģһзţССʹͲϣϻǳ㣬ȥʺҲ˲٣⻹ܳ
ɺˣΪԴıˣ
Բ㰮ճŴӣܸܵӶĹĲԼĸ١
ߵԭķ꣬ΪǵĹȥ֣ǰοƽǴϻۣض˼
ϻۣ룬ۼˣ̫ϻ۲һ¡
Ҳ͹ȥˣǹԹȥɽԺѧ
ʼŮĽڹڣֻкһ˱ɵ۰ȥҰɽԺѧ
ڴѳڽӵоԵĻȨӵйżӵССǧԺƽѧֻ轻ӦѧļҿԺ˴ҵѧ
˵ǧǧ˽
ǻʼҲܣֻĹǰʱڣѳĵȨߺؼҲǰĴҳ
ҸɵȻἺΪ˵ĻϽеԴͬ˷
վȨĵĵطʹסĶٶ࣬Ҳιν׼ݣǳͬ˷ʵ
̫𷴿óеһʩˣܲƽսԺ顣
ѳǰһʵоٹƣԺ˶ĻᣬܵҾټΪ٣ЩƽȻǸж¡
ֻЩƶʱ䳤˾ͻʣչǡƷ޺ţƷ塱ľƣӵ۲ŸɶֻΪС٣վڳϵʸûУҪġ
ɵҲ֪ȥ֮͢໥ĹߣѻʼںεأǱԾٹƶȽиĸֻǲ֮Ҳһɢɳšһ
νźͷ齫ɽԺҲ뻺֮ĹϵϾûбȺõѡ
ʺΨһйŲ̊׵ȥûв˳ƽӹĵ
ֻЩȻúһ꺢֪ͯʱҲû˼ģһ˼ҪЩʲôȥɽԺ
ԺڿǽĵطȻǲÿأһϢʱ䶼ҪԺ
˺˼룬ҪĶʵǶ࣬ѰĴԺһָӹ˽װ䡣
Щ±ʺź²Ҳɨˣ֧Դæ
ȫ뵽ʲôָӹȥã·ԣδ빬Ĺ˶ʹģֿȥźȥϢ˴˿
һת۱㵽ȥɽԺӣ칬˶
⼸ʺϴ£ĶǶԹڴ˿û˲²ģ˵𶹶Цúϲ£ģһ档
˵ӣﶼЩСʧ䣬⺢ЩûûΣ׼ðοĻӲһ仰Ҳû˵ڡ
ʻ룬Ӳų̾һģֻ˺αƼЩֻͽ˷ա
ʻʼֱֶˣԴ⣬ۻҡ
ǵһγʲôϡ棬Ҫȥ飬Ҳô๬ˣֻ˵
ɹܲסֻںץס죬ֹȥ
ʼֱ㶼ЩС̯ŵӽ£Ҫȥһ⽡
ȴЩΪѣûشʵǶˣϻŸ㣬Ƕ˲ȳŵӣĳʳǲɾ
֪񲻻ԸԹ׼õĸ㣬˵ȥһݰɣҾţұ֤
ʵֲҲٶ˵ת׼ҪЩӡ
û׷һ䣺ǶЩӣ
ЦҵСڣһľʹӣū澶Щͭ壬档
ΪȻЩ˵˵˱ӵĻҪʩǮƣ֮˶þȼòֻǻᣬŻıǵľ
ɺ벻ʲôǸǻᣬҲʱЩͭ塣


6 
ɽԺڳϣǾԺͬʱҲǴѳһԺ
κһ£޵ļҹԾһӵܶ顣
Ժзáã͵ģýɣԴЩתá
ƽҪϢʹԺ˶ЩĲɣһ˼ͷɵȥˡ
侰಻סһϲ֪ӵ˶ۣӲװûһظɫ
ָһȥ޷ֻתͷͣЩƽҲȥãԶء
侰Ҹ˷ԼõϲãͬΪһҲϵһˮεʼ
ʱ侰ǣҶǵĹúȴɽԺ·
ƽǰȻҪӭõԺһ·ԺרΪ׼Ժ䣬ֵһԺѵ֪տϢһգȥ
һҪϿε׼ͱĺͯһգҪһ
Լ˵ûʲôɲʧ˻ʼҵ档
ƺԴ˰ԺҲ֪ǺãΪֺúĳŪɳ׾ֻګګ˵·ࡣ
ɺۣɽԺʹЩԶϾھԶԶȥ̸֡
뿪ڣתһ룬С£αشԺ
ԺԺϢƬַ̣ԺѵıɽԺй
էز죬ǲĿĵϹ䣬ȥȴôҲҲ·ԽԽƫƧ
ʱѽ磬ʵǺû뵭һ۵ÿһԵʯͷϣ˴ȣⲻٶŵ
ûȴһܵˡ
Ⱥ˾ӦùԹԴڣҲǶۣƽ԰ӡ˵֮˻ǺͯĪ棬ɵЩ˵⻰Ǻˡ
Ϸʲô۲ۣʱʯͷĵط̽̽Դ
ֻվˣμ໥š
һ԰һЩлŮһ˿ʮңһɫɫۡ
ѳŮɽԺֻŮӣЩظרŵŮ̵԰ﶨԺͬ
£һԺôһϷɲúúơ
µȺһֱûڣȺСģ˵ĻԽԽ
ɽԺǼĸ֣ǵ֪жЩ͵Ĺ
һȺ֪жĹ
һȺ࣬һµѧ̲סѪˣݺ
˵֮ƺֻͨ죬˫ճȭͷƺһҪкԷϡ
˫ţͻһ
ʱѧ߳һˣͬ˸ЩСɫӣͦıһ˫۾䣬һվסȫ˵Ŀ⣬һɡ
ãĿҲˣλòȻǰé
λ˵侲ɵλӺ֤ݱƿڴǽ͵ֹͬϣȥԺͬŵڲˡ
˭ͬţͼ֮˻ᲢۡǻҪʲô֤ݣҵӾڱ԰жģȴҲ˴²ĸ˼ǰѰ˲
Ȼԭһֻĳͻ
ٶȥʲ˵ŮԽԽ죬ƺ֮ǰϼԼĪλҵŮ
Ҳ̩Ȼ¶Ҫ֤ݣ֤Ƕ¶ˡߣ԰˭СҲ˴ⶪӣɼý˭Ҳ˵׼ںδ
Ǹɻǣ԰ԶСû˴ӡ
С㣿һ뵽ıϻʱɵģڵֱֺˡ
һ̹ȻˣΪһƨСԼʱڵģҲǣȫ˭ǰڼӡ
Ϻ͸˵ʱԾ¶ĽţֿڣٲȻȺ˵Сͷͷ
ĶԱʵ̫ԣԽԽЦһʱ̲סЦ
Цͻأһ¾ͱ˭װŪ
һ⻰Сһʯͷ߳
ΪģŮͯ˵ɫʱһ䣬ƽҪϢʹԺǰģϴĽһ֪ǧѰӣͨʲƽ˭
ո˭˵ޱ飬һ˫Фƾɵ۵˫ɨˡ
˷׷׵ͷҶԣֻ֮ǰѧЦЦ
һûסʶҪǣҶʱֹסһۡ
˭ЦŪúЩ֪룬ûˣЦתԴ
ظһ飺ո˭˵
عǣҡ
۾ʱ˸飬·ûһؽ㡣
ܼסԼ˵С嵽ǰҪ֡
Сһţ㿪ֿҶңҴֻ֣Ҫط
ɲʼ֮װŪǴ󲻾ɫ졣
ȴһתҲҶңԺѵҲͨˣⷬչصýԺѵдʮ顣
δӦָ˵ǣͬ״Գϰٱ齻Ժ
˶ʱסҪͱԺȥ˭ûкùӳԣɷ׷׽ĿͶƽ졣
ͬ뿪ڣСֹͶһٱ顣컹Ǳϲ˵ˡ
֪һӸһĵĵԶ㶪һֻӱѰãһֻ´͵Ĳҡɡ
ո˴һӣв˵ĵΪܷԹҲˡ
Ҳ͹ȥˣȴԺѵѧԺѧߣݵλͬΪѧӣ֮ͬ
֪ԺѵǷд˾䡣
ȴд˾䡣شѧӡ
תͬ񣬡ұ㶪һֻӣֻʮҪǵѧڴѰңѧӵѧҵΪأѰԺǰ¡
˻һɫˣƽʵͷԣǷǣֶһ̻֮ͬӦվߵġ
ˡһܾʶˡ
£ҵһλ硣
ͷٷ˸̧ۣͷǸ޺ģ˽е~~
Ųһ٣ҵĹеô졣


7 
Լĸʺ󣬺ҵʵûٺøУЩ꾰ɵ۶ҵ˼˽֪һ̶ҲӰźҵĿ
û棬Ҳţ֪Ӽ
²ϲҪʰ̯ӡ
ǰСͣתɫ̩Ȼ˻ͬ
Ľ͵һֻӾȻλͬʦܵ˴ʵõĲǣڴλʵڲͷԺˣʹ˽ҹյУ֮Ըں¥磬֮
Ҫ˵óȻϺϲⷬǻϽ͡
ʹ˽ҹԼö˺ҪӚGһ䰲οûоҪҹ
ּ֣۲ѵ˵㣬ҲԺѵòҪһģϾզôҪܲ˵Ͷ˰ɡ
صͷǰȡЩĶˣϲ֧ҪȻô
֮Ĺϵü
ȴ˵һ¾ҪѲ飬¹ѧףȻһС£Ҳ˭ܻɽԺķҵһŹ
䣬ȺһλСʱɸһнж
ʱСɫӵȴڵСʧһʱļпԭҲ㲻ʲô£乫ӵϯҵȱ㲻ȥˡ
һô˵ʱͼˣС͵ǰ˱Բѷô
æأԩײҪ𣿡
ȴЦڹУ㹻ˡ
סһʱû˼
壬̫֮࣬κ֮¶Ҫ֮ڲҪΪ˿ãֻҪԸұɣιҪ˶ʵ
û˵ǣ֮µʵѾǵ׵֤͹ˡ
ʱйºأʱʱ̶̿עǣҪףֻһСҵС㣬䱳ŭҲǺһġ
ǲһֻǲҪͲҪҪ֮ϵĿУŴ½˵ϲڽ°ˡ
ǰҲˣֻǽն˸ƽŮȻԸվߣ㹻ˡ
Щ㶣ʳڣʲô֣
Ӧ
ȥ·ϺһֱӦ뵽ɽԺĴǴЩ̵ĺӣóɽԺɽԺһӱʳ׶ˡ
ҿЩ˽ԺʴȣôԺαԴġ
Щ̵ĺһĻᣬЩƶĺأԺû취̤㣬ֻһڵײ
ͻȻһ˼бأı˱ļ磬ʾ·ȵ㣬ʶֻøһûˤˡ
ҲֻøЦƨ̧̧
ֻΣʵڲ֪Сôһ˫Сһ˻ƵôԶĵطȥƫ·ͷʮ
Ȼ˵һʮһĺӱĺҲЩһ·ͷһ㺹顣
ҲƼˣ˼ҪóҪ
ҡҡͷҪʾԼԼ֡
촽аɣҪǿ
ղ֮£˵
ҵҲĸӣص
ĸʱӣҶѧһ򣬵֮ӧ澰ɵ۳ס
һۣɵ۶Ŀ࿴ãִ֮ΪѶݡ趼ʮһǣŷ˸
ŵҸ߿һۣҲù
ĵŮӣһ㲻Ǹġ
ʶ;Բϲצģ
ãȻҪġ˵ƽȡ
Ʋ죬˵ûڲ֮Ҳʱȴһ¶⣬Ҳܾò˥ԭ֮һ
ôõѧͬ񣿡
Ҳͬˣ
һҲſͷֱֱʵˣ
ˤæͣ½ŲϺ˳ŸӾҪ
һر㻻ײϵģƺ͵Ϊʮֲ
ȴûĻ˵ǻشǰһ⣺Ѿ֪ԺѵѧԺѧߣݵλͬΪѧӣ֮ͬ
˭ϺЦһ仰Ǿջ
˻
˶仰ϣ㲻ᷢʲ֮£Ҳǹ˵仰ôɼǿΪ˻ΪԺѵҵݡ
ͬһ仰ͬ˵ЧȻͬԲԻҪҪ˵仰ݶԲԡ
յοⱾԺѵ߸ʽֻԼˣ֮ЩС㹫ϵ
ĵİЩӣЩ졣
ǴӰҲλƽճ˰Ĵʡ
һӴλɾ˵㲻¡
ȴδı仰ԲӣԺѵȻ˶Ҫء
ƽҲһͬ𣿡׷ʡ
ûش𣬶ϸ˼һƽټǣõѧӴ಻š
о÷̣һž˺£˭ᰮ
Ҳ˷ܱ֮öǺӣͶСвαװһжֱӣİ취ٴС
ҪõӵҲƲãֻԴҲ룬Ӵë
ᵹҲװˣվǰ˸İۡ
ƽһⱻԴһʱ֪ηӦֻõû
߰ɣﻹڵǡ˵գת׼С
~~
һ֪Ҫʲô⣬Ǽѵת
С·ʵ̫ۣǱ̹
ʶһȱʱžԡ
СҲ߯ʹ棬Ҫʱͽб磬˾㰡ģƫ㻹˵
ԺѵȺʱæǰ
ȥã
֣ʾĿԽˡ
£ֻ䣬´βѰҡ
⾩˻ʹǾɽԺΪȫϾӵܶ⣬ɲЩ
һصã㱻侰һץס֪Źȥһ˱ʳͷԡ
侰һźӣͶȥͬĿ⣬ҶҵĺҪǾȥֻᱻǣűߡ


8 
ɽԺӹķˮ
һڽԳĸֻ࣬͵ӵСŮЩȴǲù
ܼǳͷ˺ã۸ֱʮ㡣
ܹܣСҲʲôƲ磬ƾһӣô޼ҵСүΪͷ
䶾ȴСһ취ҲޣŪúЩ
ǿǴͷȫ˭֪ĸױңҷȥˣű̧λҲһԾΪС㡣
⻰˵úڣ˶˴
ʱڣ˵ЩҲ֪ЩǵΡ
˵Ŀ⣬ֻװԼʣűĹѺõЦЦ
ҶЦ˲ŷ̬ȺҪϲԼֻ¾СүҲ
Ȼͽ£ֻɽۻ
˭ңó׷ֳˣһΪ׵ġֻعɣһԴСүΪ׵ġҶʱֻǺ¡ɡ
Ҳ֪ҶСүʲôԻͲͱĴֽҶǰ϶
СүҶ˵ҡˣΪԼģҶСֻǵʱˡ
ȳΪˡĺΪΨһɡ
ȻԼΪ׽ȻվԼߡ
СҲԼ뷨úȻҶƣǱҲϿҶ
ڽֱȹʷҵʱ̣˵ɵ۵ĺ󹬶δֹ
δ̵κκô㿪ʼЩŷӣҶϷֻӣ͵͵ӵҶëʡ
Ҷ˵ÿÿһ˫ʵ˫ŴСүŴСүΪ󣬴δУδκá
ͲˣֲסСүɤŴҲ˵ʲôл첱Ӵ֣ӲǽĻȫѹȥ
ÿÿڶм䶼ͷۣڶ˻ĻںҲԹ£ֻ´νųǡ
֪ʲôʱͷͤӵķϣɵûڻʹӡ
һЦڵش
Ӧͻ˹
Ӧƺ׺Ѷ䱸
ӦԶĵط£ǡôľ롣
δ˵Ӧ֪Ǻ⡣
Ӧȴ˵ֵͤɽԺĲ£ľдУ΢紵µϢ
Ӧƺڴ˵ͨͤľܽг֣˵һ
棺ô֪ǴģŲʲôϡ棬ѵ뾩Ļһ𣿡
ӦЦȻҸŸϴõ˲ͬĵطܲͬˮȻҲͲͬߵıǴģұǴӾǽֲġ
˰죬ʵڿ˴Сʲôһ
ֻǿ⣺˵ҲеԼǴӦˮԲųñȾǱزСЩұïܡ
ϴ˻һǵӦЦ
ԣΪԼ˵ˣѵ÷ɵҲЦ
Ӧ״һЦɰ۵׵ЦⶼҪ
˿̺Ҳ֪ԼˣˣӦǰƭң
ΪӦҪ粵䣬ȴ̹Ӧ£˵ͷ
ʱЩţ˫۲Ծɵø󣬡ĸƭң
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Ӧ˳ƽõ鱾óŵķҶǩ빫Ȩ񡣡
ǰǩȷ鿪ڣⲻǷҶ𣿡
ӦǰķҶЩöҶҴգҴԺժһöҶУÿÿ磬Ҳο塣
ֵɱСöҶöҶȥĵطɱȹࡣ
ƲƲǣȴûҲ滰ǵԶأȥĳǳؿɲȺô
öҶǷ㻹ԼŰɡûӣ֡
ȴһץ֣öҶ֣µطںġ
񣬹±ǣվ
ûƴǣط뻳С
һ¹󣬺ʱ뿪ɽԺعϢա
һſζ˲ͬѣææסϣһԺӣڴ˵Ⱥ򣬺־ϲ޲һ߸ߣʱСƵĳӻ
֣֣û֣ôһûʵý
ǰĺû֣ܲǰ
ӽϸϸѯɽԺ
ǼЩӰ˵ʲôܱޣ˲ϲԼѧ˵ûɫ
޲ֽŶȻһʱǵﻹ鱾еķҶ鱾䣬Ʈڵأ˲˴ӵע
ʲôյķҶ
ҶڵأӻҪȥ
ӻͷһ⵽䣬˵᣺ʲôҶҶҪ
ҶС治СմȾĻҳ䣬ȥ쿴һûŷ
ҶһλǷҶжôֻԼ˼أѰʱҪģɲŪˡ
ˣƺôЩ棬һƽ׽˵ӣʵȴýӽʶ˻ڲͬһ϶Ѹı䡣
ӻͷһؼôͽһ˳Ϊѣɶλ֮̽ġ
ļҵС㣿ǡӣ
ļҵҲǣǸ̻֮ӡ˵־Ŵӣֲ̻֮ӾͲɣ
˵ݴȷʵ⣬ȴûиԤѵ˼ڰлô𣿸̧̻λҲûʲô
ֻӣվǲģ׷ʵ̻֮ӣҲգ֪Ƿܼλ½Сһ档
ÿɷ񣬡ͬһȥˣӦ´л֡
ʲô
ʱϸ÷Ҷûı仯ͷӦӦ
˺þã˵Ӧ𣿡
ʱëȻ͵̧ͷӣȴ˫Ŀ񣬻е̧֣㿴ǣˣӦڴ֮ˡ
˳ŴָķȥƬ챻ԶϸһԼ
Ǳ˶ס˿һ仰Ҳ˵ͷӣұӿտա
ⲻʱĴӣǻصʮɽԺһӣŻ޼ɵצվڻΪ
޲ô˿ڻ𳡵Լħһһ߽ܵһУױɡ
͵ؾѣӴ𣬲˲ͷĺˮȫ̡
ֻһΡ
꣬ɽԺʧȥұۣû˴ʸղˣԴΪն
л˵
жû


9 
죬æ鿴Ƽ˸ϲʤһȥ̫ҽһյҪιˮ
˿جûܾûεǰˡ
ϸĵͷϵĺգɰū澼ˡ
סץס֣ʵ˯գ
ǣչԴ˯±ûȫյḶ́һֱ˵ЩλūѰ̫ҽƣֻ˵ǹܾ˸һ˯ѡ
סĶͷ£Щȣż̫ҽûû
ֻԴ˵仰ͷѣŵ񻺻¡
̫ҽʱû̧ۣ㱼ֻ߲ϴĽ̸ǿҪ壬ȴûֹ˯⣬˯ȥ
ǵڶ磬һֱһš
˿̲оϸϸĥ⼸飬һصо;ήңΪڼӣ˴̼Ż㣬˯վЩΡ
лɣټ̫ҽǲȥֹ
ֽӹ̫ҽϸϸ쿴һδʲô쳣Ĵ඼Щҩ岢޺
漴Ժҡͷˣŷֻ̫ࡣ
Ե⼸գϡ̫ݳƹϻԸѺ󣬱ֻź
κˬӦ£̫ҽߺʹ˸ɫ
Ź£غ÷ţֻһڡ
ǹǰսֵ£ƣʵǰЩӰĵ¿нչˡ
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⣬ˮôһŮң
ҪǣҵӣϺõ޽ǹŮõӣΨһ⡣
һɵ߬ң뵽һˣǰߵ֥
ϲӸ˲ѣʹ͸һöб޽ʱڳǵ޽͸֥
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úͻȻ̫ҽԺ˺׼
Źһص̫ҽɨ˼ۣʵ̫ҽԺ̫ҽˣ
ع̫ҽ̫ƽȥˣ֮⣬̫ҽԺ̫ҽˡػ̫ҽԺԺС
û˳ָվںŵ̫ҽͷλ̫ҽҸʵȡ
̫ҽ֪⣬תҪȥá
Ժߵ̫ҽֹˡѳأʵֻɻϲ鿴鿴ȥּ⡣
ŭЦµʵҽһҪأ
Ǳˡ̫ҽԺܴ
ϺͻȻѣһŽŵ̫ҽߵڵأʲôҪñãֵĵָֻš
תͷȥԺУԺд˾أ
Ժʿˮ̧ͷסߣع¹ٲù鿴ֻʵڲϹء
ΪԵ֮ŭȴԺǰ
Ժд˵¸أȻҪԺڹЩ꣬Ҳ֪Ƣ
ã㾴֣ⲻʶô֮ˣҲеǰ취
Ժд˿ﻢ£ֻӲͷƤ˵빫£ʵǹزơ
ϵô򵥱õɵ۵Ȼб
ʮʱ游£;еΪȫһѱԴ˽նκҳӣѽնһѾԴ
ԺһԤУۼһƽԾ
֣Ժȴʶֵ̧ס־ʧСĽַŻǰգȫһҪ֡
ϺֻļԵԺȻҳӣ𣿡
Ժд˿ں֪ھһԼΪҳӡڳΪ٣˭Ҳ˵ԼǾ׵ģйҷ
ֻЦŵͷʾ̫ҽȥá
ֻ֣ݲݷع
ǰתͷԺУԺдˣΪٶ꣬Ӧ֪ԼϽλȫǻϵĶ䣬Ϊ˭Ϲᣬ𣿡
ԺºȻɺ֪ʲôתһԼ֮˵ͣװδ⡣
ЦԺв˰ˡ
ϣϵ⣬һ̽еĲ²ⱻ֤ʵ˴롣
⹬лһֻڱˡ
뾰ɵۺȵĲҩӵ֣ɵ۹ĺͻȻʶɢȫϣӭʧ
һмضܺɵڴ֮ǰδĻšƺʵ֣ǰʵڿɡ
ָ˵ӣʲôǻȫϵأǡ
Ǿɵ۸Ƕ
л˵
ϲСɰԸлл


10 
δܼɵһǺ޷⿪Ľᡣ
ɵͻȻݱϢʱʮ֮ʹаٰ㲻ţڿɵ۹ʱҲòʵ
ʱգʶԼһ㡣
ѳλʵкͣʱ䶼Ǿ̵Тڻʵ۶ͣʮһգ֮ʲͣ
ɾɵ۵ֻͣŰգͷ߱ҪҴᡣ
ɵڷô֮һڸʲô
һʱ뷨·˶׵Ԩһ˴ϣ¯ϵ̣һ޷УǱȡľżˮӣջ½
κ󣬺ƿţ۵ɿʪ⣬Բʲŵıݡ
תͷԸ䣬׼ŵȥ
߳ţȴݳߵ롣
ŹعҼӱţ֪æţҲˣҼӱ빫һۣҲ˵Щ强
ݳ˵žɵϡ٣ݳܽϣǱҪƽǲԸݳֻƽ
ݳǸ㵽ģϾΪõģݷʧĻѵĵ
ݳOʱѽƻ裬ݳڵȺ໥ˣǣõֻǰȥ
Щڻʱ˿ࡣݳãɵԹûźá
ȴЦĶˣֻǳЩӣԵóЩˡ
ˣҲʮˣֻϧɥڣȷʵܴˡݳβסź
ڴʮͿ쵽ˣֻǽûʲôЩġ
ߵͻȻĻ˼Щ㲻֪ڻɥʱǺ顣
̽װᣬȴݳɫ
ἰ£ݳȻҲȻҲû֮ǰ¡
ϲԣȴһְԼħǵĲƼ˭жҪһ
Σݳ׽Ƽһ԰ŵķŵҸ⽫½ҹ
ڴ壿Ҽ˲ǵýЩġ
ݳֻǵɨһۣɥձҳ޵ʱ򣬴˿Щӣɥڹȥ׼ʱҲ̫æ
δݳѶû£ʱڲס죬ļңʲôʱ£
Ǳ˼ʣҼʱ㶨ˣʱڻ꣬Ȼʱ޴ӵ֪ƽͣȴ䵭˵˵¡
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ǸƷĹ٣˼ʽ겻ʮжڵλҲмֱµġ
ֻ֪Ϊ⼸ֱ£ɵۻŲŽŮ޹ȥҪ˼ʱռҡ
ݳ֪ݻµǸʲô˼ֻԼ֪˵˼ǱɣͬżҲǼãԱ򵥣޹ȥסڹУҲӦ꣬ڡ
ݳȴҡͷ˵Ѿ˼סոڹ㲻޽ˡ
⻰㲻ͬ⣬ôУ˵Ҳйסģûĵ
ݳȴ¼ѣдˮ֮У˼Ϊһľ
ϵİڼĬãκ󿪿ڣǰο˼ʣ
Ҳ˵˼Ǹ͵ģƷҲ㹻ˡοռҼ˼ռ֧һΨһĵӡƽڣһһȴش㴸ƽĿڡ
ʶݳ˼ӳ֪ԼΣΪǧ֮ϵٻȻҪʼҵΡ
ʵ㲻̫ƽʢϰӿʵΨһֳǸնܹҲֻЩˡ
ʼ֮İӿھɵʱѹƣһֺ޸ĻʵǣסңֻֻԽԽ
ΪʼŮӣ̫ƽʢʱ⽭ɽϵһĨ죬׺ͼĿּһƬҶֻҶһƬ޿ڵ˼ֻ̤îγ֦ϣвܵԱȫ
˼ʱݳҪѰռҲܹ֣ΪΪʼҵһꡣ
ݳƽڰοʮ͵ʻ䣬˭Ǽޣ⾩ежУ˼̳Ҳ̫ί
֪ЩǳΪ˿οļٻ˼ʱȾѫҵӺ̫࣬ʵȨҲѵá
ֻ˼ǸģֻǸȻ˽кҪ󣬿˽Щɫű˸̣ǵú̹
˼ԼĶ䣿Щģ˼ӻͷ
ݳҡҡͷϲԾزŪ򸸻ģҲǲӦֲҡ
ԴӾɵҪƶȣұ㴦ʹȴûҪֵܻ֧ĵزݳ뷨ʼ޷ܡ
Եֵزżֽ
ƽҡҡͷ˵һֱǸϻ۵ģ˵Ȼס
֪ռڳһֱܱоΪ٣ְߣõúãȷһѺõ
̫ı㣬ΪȢŮʱ޿ܡ
ɵ۴ͻ飬ݳ֮⣬ʵ򲻹иںö̫졣Ůּ棬̫棬ƴǡ
β˵ݳЦЦ˵ҲΪģҶ˼ʲʲô飬Ȼ档ΪռҵĵҲǸͷԼ򵥵ģ˴λܳɣռҾ⡣
ˣҲ֪ݳ⣬ٶȰҲãѵŵľɵջسֻǲҪඣ䡣
㣬̫˳ǸʱֻϹۣ۳ұţռ±ܵͰһ㣬ռҹԱְֻ֮ܺȴ볯͢
ٿ⳯оƣ˵ռܱ֮˺ޣȴҲһ˿©
ܳҺͻȨĽңһסģ˼Ϊռҵӣδ̫ռ¶Ϊ͢һУֻòûҪ
ݳԣõ֣οģüסһգǵ˱ĵزҪǵûнڡ
ҡͷʵ޷ԼҳίԼǰֻ÷̣תҪǡ
ȴݳӱסԼ֪ջعЩ⻳ɣһȰ˺𣿡
ûͷûβĻȴú͵ͣסŲŵػͷհͬ˵ô࣬ʵ˵仰𣿡
л˵
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11 
ֻԼһУ֮˸־ʧȥƵĸоá
ԺʣݳֻǵͷʶĦ°ϵ廨ȥƺ
̾һŴ⾪ķ񣬰ǲεһֱңһȥ̫ҽԺõϢ𣿡
ݳ֪νͣɫ任ƿ㻽֪ģҲ£ǱƲѾ˴̽١
ӻع󣬺ѲΧ˵Ĺ죬Сʵ۶Դ޵ĵ⣬ˮСʵ֮޷͵Σݳж¡
Լʶ徰ɵ۵򣬻һʶܵõ
ݳǸܺõͻƿڡ
Ŭʰ飬ݳߣ㣬֪ģƷѣҴ۶ν㣬ȻΪǽ֡
˵ݳźЩһ̺һת
ɽ֪ҵģ಻ɳӣ½пԣɽҲҪΪһ룬ҲŻع⹬˶¾Ҫסңֹƽô
ݳ¶ɫ죬ȴ˻ȥ
ݳԥ˻ʵʵû飿
˻һݳһֱձվǰǾһתס֡
ðֻһ䣬ʵȷ⣬ԣҲú
ֹסݳҪ˵ĻŰ㣬ǰƭңƭңֻҲˣΪҪֹҲȥ
ݳȴֻ˫ʶĦź֣ݳʱʶĶ
Ƴһۣݳطſ֡
ЩֺαطҪࣿʵѸ㣬ǧȷģһȰ˺ô
ǰݵݳвɵ÷һ⣬ôҲ޷ԼһֱʶĽλ뷨
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㣬δͬ˵ЩҲҪȥɰյĻȴľʲôҪԴǿУһҪȥ
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ˣ֪޷ݳٻȡϢֱȥ
ݳδֻͣԶŻעǰĹǽ΢΢
ʴĺɫǽ΢΢𻵵שƺ⹬еѪȷ磬ůѩϷǽ֮ϵĮ
⹬Ҫһ
߳O鲢δ⵽ȥݳѾ֪㹻Ϣ
Ҫǣɵ۵æٲǱ˶
֪һ㣬ѷصһʯͷֻҪ֤һ£еյ׶ɽ⿪
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ÿնҪȥѧ۹η꣬ûһȱϯ
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ŷѩվԶʱʱѩˣֻ۾۲ӵһһ
в⻳ԼǷһǵĳܹװ
ʵϣҲûжٰգû֮ǰ̫ӵ޶ѡ
ɵüѣлĺӲ࣬ӵĸʱܳ裬´Ӻӿ̫֮࣬޷
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ԼҲùȵʱԼļ⣬һλӱĻӣȺҲ޷ë
οʱĺ󹬳λӣֻλĺӲز۱Ǹ޷
£ӵĵλ޿ɶҡ
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վɽԺһԼҲ뵽һıѪĴӴӴǰ;١
ɽԺһº󣬺ĿλͼλͬڴУܵĴĴ󣬻ججܡ
Ѻ󣬹´˴ղ˱ɵϢ˽Եƽ֮꾹񣬲ΣҪ𳡾ƽ
ֻϧƽƽȳȴͻȻѵķѹ޷ʧȥֱû˴ʸ˵˳ɵ֮ˡ
һںϣ統ͷһεز֪ǺãֻԶԶվڴӹŷһƣȴڴǰ¶档
ֻǵõʱڻȷʵ˽Լֻ֣û뵽ԭǴӣ֪֣ԸԼҲԸӳģ
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Ծɵ۵Ը񣬱Ĵӳɵӣ»ĶټҽΪҽΣɴչȥ
ߣ䲻Ǹܲ͸ĵطҲ̸ۻʼ֮£ֻǱƲ
ɭϵĹУһµ˲һֻ֣ʺǶ´ĶУʣµĲԶֻоɵӡ
ǴӾԱ֮ˣźԴӵ˽⣬֪Լ޷Ϊһ̣ҲֻβҵһΪΪ֮·
ڴľδ£Ҹ޵ľ棬ʼʹǴ֮ˣһǰ
ȷ
ɿǰڿһ˵ѧĳ޷ĳֻװġ
ǿѹеĲ߽ѧãڴǰ֣ں˭˵أ
һۣ˴ѧã˵
Ҫǳ̫죬챻ޱȵȻ˵ʵ֣
ûֻԹԵػشλĻپëȻԾʿˮ
һӱ㽫£泯ƵǺˣҳΪ֣
ǿЦ֣ǰ
ϴ⻰ֱӱ𣬽ֱֱ˦ȥһٶŻſڵĹˡ
ԭأϵʹҲûع


12 
ŵתͷδ񣬿ʱκθ飬ͬǰվŵһ
һ˲ұǰһ죬δ빬վ˺þãϣʺŴǰĹ꣬Ϊ飬ŹҲʮĺӡ
ʺŲǺִ򿪹ţҪȰһȰǾɵµʵڲ֪ʺǰ
ʹѳûŮӲܸĵʱǣ࣬Ҳʺеġ
˵ĻֻЦЦԽԽ𽥱
δ빬ĹΧסһʱ嶯˵
ȴЦˣֻźĿ綾ߣɭ䡣
תȥڶձ㴫޵Ϣ
ʱףΧӵ鿴ƣıĹˣһ˲ƺصǸƻ裬龰һĻĻݡ
뷨׹ѣ֮ɽԺһ𣬸ʱɽˮ꣬Ŭȴ޷ӱܵˡ
˷ǡ
һ˲ҪĶӣɽŲôҲ޷
źĹ˼Ʋϻ̳Ͽֵعڵϸ
ʾߵĹ£õȥϹŵĹˡ
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ãС꣬顣
֪Ӻʱ𣬺ƺ˻˺ӵˣǰһЦ
ϴӼһʱסͯʹأǻˡתȥǹˣֱţټ֪ˣټԺ󲻸ˡ
ֳź˸ײ񣺡ټ֪ˣټ򲻸㣬Źְɡ˵գҪͬǹһͬš
ҧס´ǰҪӣȴһƿ
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Ӷ󣬲ֱӺǲǿһ۱㱻ŵȥƺʲôˮޡ
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ѩȴû赲Ĳͬһңߵĺ䷴ʹѡ
ѩ׷Ʈ䣬ڸסǰĽӡ
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Ҳܣڷѩ˴ʱȵȫñ䣬ڵȰ˵ŻعֻΪúпҪھ
飬һӣȴûӣֻӹе
빬δȥڹУЩ
ʶ񣬲֪˵źá
Ƽǵ˾ѾʶЩӹòãƲסеŭ𣬽طϡ
ŭֻʵʵ˵ūչķԸһֱŴǱߣÿдţ֪ģū澶ϲԾʵ
ֻǣ⹬жЩ׸֮ˣʧƣû˱ӻӹȷʵǰ
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ȥмл䣬ԼԲеŭ⡣
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ƣмæͣūǲģʵǴӲ߶ʶˣǰźӵĹ˱һµĶһ
µ䲻࣬ȴǴĵԸܵġºֵǰ빬֮ǰⶣҪԴӵΪū򲻸Υ
ƺɫƺʲźЩ̾һ˸ͷõмȥ
ôˣһӵ±˻ңѵԼжԴ֮µĲ²𣿡
Ҳ֪ΪԼ嶯Դӽӣÿһ仰ƶʹ¡
ߵͻȻ˵ǷƴڹһֱʲôίȻҪһߵϻ̳Ͽ֣ҪţҲ
ӵľٶǻ־һݣصĻ׾ٱҪԼ¹飬ܶ̽
ԵʣֻܳĬ
ҪˣЩһʼûлͷ·ǺݲģӱԶһ¶Щ²˳öࡣ
ϵµݸĿעҪ⡣
˼ã¶ģ˫̾˿
ҹɫӿ
мҹ˾һǰű˴򿪣ȥ̽ͷˣš
ֻһֻƲֻһӶԣʵôˣ
мһںеĲģһжϣƽūŽйȥ˻ūŽӷԸһжӵ˼ػ
ֻЦ㿴ƽˣ
м˼Ƭ̵ūţƽʣҲˡ
𣿡ǰӣһֳֻҡҷӳӣһĨζЦ⡣


13 
ٽϦǹɥĳϦ㲻죬ֻ̫żˣ˽硣
ִ̫Ҫ룬Ҳ޷ֻôӦ
Ҳգúܣ̫Ҳ֮顣
Ժ
˳ȥ˷˵ԺӣԸ׼ȥиϦ硣
æŸˣӦһʾ֪ˡȴ⣬ЩͷؿڣЩˣǵĸЩС¡
Щڨڨط¿ӣŵŵӦ佫Ʋ֧֧ģķ
ɫݣ˰׳ŵӿڣҪ֮ͬȥ
ԸΣôһ㳤ޣֻòʵ֮ǹ̫вȥĵ
¶ΣǿЦŽͣϦղͬƽڹУ֮ȥǲ̫ס
˻һžһ¿ӣкβףֲ֮ͷһȥи磬ƽ棬ýͲˡ
ã˲ҿڷֻи̡
һǰƽŻƣʼǷСӳѪ˶ģһֳָʲôˡ
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ǿ룬Ƴһۣνͬĸһĸ׿ҲܹܺԼ졣
˱һͨ˵ʧ棬Ҳƽ޲޵£һ׮
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ʱû÷飬ѹȥ꣬׷ͺڷ˵ʹ̶̼ġ
Ҫ˵ĳ񶾣嶼ǣҲ˵˴Ҫҵĺӣ˴ӣһǸϲŵģԽ˵Խߡ
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ڶǰ˵˺̫ǰֻʵʵȡ
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еŮ˸˾һ仰ǴַǴ⣬ȥ۵úܣʵһ¡
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СʵûõӦȴ٣һתƼһԵĺƺ뵽ʲôʵǰЩӰȥƴˣֿɻǵãֶˣƽ߶İվǰ
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ŻһԵĹˣƴһͻᱩһ㣬æұҪ
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ǹ£һд


14 
ԸڵʰһСʵֽۣҳ
Сʵ۴˿ɫҰףͷ麹
֪ϣϽſԼϣԸɾĿӣСʵ۵ĺϰѹСʵ˳
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ʶ㣬ԽһҲʼδɫز֪㡣˾ĺȻƬ̬Ҳ
ϲԾ¶ֵǣ֪ΪСʵ۵״ģԸĴ
ɫľȻߵֽԶӵĵطܵŴ˿С
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ĿɨӺǸոʶһ㣬֮̽⡣
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عĻλ̫ҽΪϰһ
֣ʾ̫ҽǰԼȴһߡ
Сʵ۵񣬶ԷģЦЦ
ǻһЦԻعͷһϸ񾰳ɵ۵ġ
۾һģ̳ЦʱһСѡ
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λ̫ҽѹ󣬶඾δ壬Ҫպһβ֪
֪޶⣬ڰ̫ҽȥ
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ԽԽԶŵ˵ôıˣǧѷĺûᡣ
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ֻϧһУһУ⹬̫ҽԺΪհĻ˭
дŵĴӿȥ
һϷʼҵĶŮԼ˼


15 
ߺͷϷոտʼ
ֲ֪ʱУбһϻӽ
ϻżӣװĽΪϡ
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Ժд˿ɵˣͷԺд汾ƣǺϡ
Ժйֲ̧˲ͷĺŽӴ򿪣ȶš
һһɿ쿴˴һֵۣͷȥػ
عװ֮Ч
˶𣿡΢
ԺѾ꣬ű֮ˣ΢
ѧղֻܿһλͬһͬ顣
ͷͬԺе˵ʾλ̫ҽ鿴
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ɵ򣬴ˮԺеǸһҶŻϵĶ飬Һµ˵֧֣ڳ֮Ҳ˿á
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һҹֻһֱŵСʵӮңźֽȥֵ
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Ǻǻﶨ벻ýԿԼ
˵꣬Сʵ۲ûҪ۵ļ󣬱׼ȥȴץס½ǡ
תƼСʵֱֱԼʽΪβԺн˵ʽô´ֲǳն¹֮𣿡
л˵
йϵĶǽʯɢأϲο


16 
ܸоСʵ۶Դӵļɵ
Ҳ۴ǲĳɵһôͽ֮Уֻ֮ĶԹ
ΪβۣСʵ۲Ծ̧αװɵǺ⡣
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Сʵ˵⻰ʱ͸˵įȥǰһ㣬ʧȥ
СʵĸλֵͣûԸһ㱻δ빬ʺϣԼĸδ棬ϵҲ׺
ʺҲԸ˺²ԣСʵҲһֱǲ䲻ȡ
Ǻϲλܵܣ첻Եʣǹػ
Сʵۼ֪ůԼйʺߣʺֻ˵ò϶ĺҲ̫⡣
ʱˣȻһ˶ֲܳ軹ûĸĺӣֵ÷ֺá
Ķ˲࣬ϧӺõů
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˾ǴӣСʵҲԼ޿ɺǣദʱ⣬ദʱ㳤Щ
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ȴҽ˵ʱõЩͣŻ˵˼ǹأķѪʹٺõҩĶ޼£ֻʮꡱ


17 
еĲյӦأЩãȻһνĸԼ׵ĵܵϵһ
ܶ״ȴ޷ܡ
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ȴЦ⾰ɫһ㣬ȴѵð
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ӿЦ⹬Ҫ˵Բıˣƫƫֻô꣬ھʹ޷԰Ρ
л˵
иŶ


18 
Ϊһǣ֮ˡ
ʱſͷɵҲ¶һƬȻ֮ɫʧһֱֻۣ˶Ϊˣڻ˯ʱͱ˶ۡ
ˣֻ
ɵΪʧȥһλĴǴѳδϵңھɵǰΪ顣
ûǷָ˿ǷۡǴӣǴѳδĴҵϣȴΨԼ
δжܣɣԤıһɣİСĺ֮Ҳⳡ
ⳡȥ޹֮˸
˴ӻֻ߳ܳجΣʧһֱֻۣҲܺЩ
δһ겻񣬶뾡ȣǾɵȴ
Ҳһ̣ŷɵǸ˱֮ˣΪ޷̵ֵ
ΪҵҪӴ˼ٰնԴȫ
Ӧˣûܻ
Ǿɵ۱ɽ֮¾ɵҲڱƲɱһʧܣȴΨһˡ
סңҲδܱסӲдǾɵΪµĽ֡
ǸͷβųͬһţİǡѪһɽڡ
ɽ֮£͸¶֣ΪĸӲ̣ͽ˱Ϊࡣ
ھɵһ£δа˼ʵˣɵĻŭĶ
ףȴ޷ˡ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪôֶδʵǰȴš
ӲδشĻʳԼ룬ұΪԸʸ鲢񣿡
һԾɵ۵ĸʮָӡ
ÿһʱ羴ԼĸףҲ⣬ɵ۶Ҳܺá
ʱż˵ǽذͷǾɵϲŮ˾֪
ֻǺЩȴƳͬĸҲ۰ԼŮֻǲ񾰳ɵ㣬鱦ŮģְǴ͸ġ
鱦ھɵ۶Զֿȡ֮㲻ö
Ⱦɵʺ󳹵׷ڿ⡣
ĳΣҲʺԸȴ˾ɵ֮⣬ǸŮ
Ǽᶨıɣݾɵ۶һ˿һ𺦣
ʺ»ӣԺĳþɵ˿ȸһϼ꣬ӴЩλȹ̱㲻к֮ǡ
ԺãǸҺʺһӣ/ζŨľмֱ㲻֪
֮ǰȥػ꣬ҲΪ֮£Ϊˣһ˵ĺ뻵ǰҹ
ɼ֪Щȴ޷ĨȥжԾɵ۵Ľ֮飬ҫλӵеһнΪɵۡ
ԾɵۺǸм
ǶԾɵ۸鲻ֻݸʹ֮ȣμ穡
һλСĸʣһλĻ֣ûбѾˡ
ǻġŸ£
޷仰οԼ˻䣬˾Ӳɳ֮߱¡
޷ܣҲǣһδʧȥֱ۵ҡ
޷ϣУǸڹڸƵĹٳ緢꣬вٶҲڸâ
㲻֪ǻģЩҲⲻԹǶˣԹԼ
Ƶһ仰ȴ絶ʡ
޳ȴдԼϡ
ΪҪˮ͵ߣ
˵Ҫλ𣿡תͷǰĲյΪݸů֡
ӹյͷ
Ҫλ𣿴ԼģϾ֮ǰλ֮ûбʣڻλϵӦ
Ҳǲģ㽾ˣмķʽȥ
ҡҡͷᣬҪλ㲻Ϊϵӡ
ȴЦĸ°ˣӹǣĸҲһݹ͡
ȻСʵĸǰ˵ʲô˺ȴ߲ҩͷ
ǿˣͬһʱͻ룬Ҫ£ȴŪɳ׾Ҳգϲ㽫ˮ߱ǡ
ֻҪһ¡
̧ͷϡƼ˫ۣһŵĺˮ
ɵĸָʹˮǸµģȻɶ񣬵ҵķϣһ·
Щ㱣ʱܰƢӲˣȥǼ䣬˵ıǣǰ
Ц֣µǵһ⡣
ԣûжӦ
ͷ¶Զ˼ʵеЦ⡣
ΪһˮȻ𾰳ɵ۱ʱҴ˵Ļ
֮ĴգͨսԻʶ֣˽ԿѡԼҪߵ·Ϊ¹ۣΪǻǵýλŬʷķ
ǶĺյĻѳɿգӵʼռǵá
Ʊеľ΢һӵĻҪ˵
ǺԵɣԾɵʹɱ֡ǷֹԼЩװɵпΡ
һʣһǰο̫࣬ȴ֪˵źá
޷װ֪޷վƸߵ㶨֪ڹѰ
һ⣬ȴֻĶӡ
ҹˣЩϢлЩ£ұ㲻ˡ
ƣһǻﵽȴ䲻ʹĻ
⣬͵Ⱥһ£ס
Ŵ򿪣Ե׾ֻɫ糣߳
߰ɣʹˣ޹أµΪֹ
»Щɻ󣬼ɫֻԼġ
Ҳգ񾰳ɵΪǵµУΪѰµĳ·ǴˣȻ֪ӵĻ
ع·ϣһֱδ˵Ĭƺǻعĳ̬ԲҲǳ
׼δˮ
Ҳɼܶռɵ۳谮ô꣬ҵԵʣԼںжϡ
ɵòᣬкܴһΪ֣ɵ֪ȴϹۣƺĲԼĺӡ
ھɵ۵ԹۣıС
ŴӶˮĶ飬ҪˮΪ£һʬʵŻ
ףˮϵһӣûзֻܱ֮á
޹Ҳס
ʵˮкأͬӣòͬˡ
ˮڻźʱҲ㾡ģˣ취ˮηɱȥž۰ɡ
ףóһš
ǱߴϢſɰд¡
ſͿĨɰµĹأ¹شΣ


19 
ҵĵϣǼţѲ˸ϵ
ʵˣ֣ڶ࣬ȥɴ
һδƽһ
ļȣϷɺʳճɱ˺ܶ࣬ũѣյĸ˰ȴû١
һ/ߣжԲߣ͢ĸ˰٣б˽ҵҲ١
һֻаա
ָ磬궬춳˿ֲ㸻ˣطָǺεȾ
һϸ룬ͷƤ飬ʶеֽһţؼҽɽѾκβ
һȦڳоҲһί֮ˡ
ĳ͢ûҵƺ⣬˼ǰҶľǰ϶
£˭ԸңǰȥҲǲ鲻ʲô
ƽֱۣūǸֱġ
׵˼عСʵ۵ʦǳ͢Сʵ֮ˡ
عȻǲҵӵҲܸ֮ˡ
һ˼뷨
عΪʦڳҲˮ˵ǸܳϺ꣬߻ʱƣ¡
ڳϵӲ࣬ƽ㲻ýãҲΪߵŵľ档
óȻع£ֻᱻѣ˱ˣҪ£عҪһ飬ǱǴݾߡ
ʱֻǹٹ໤û
һҹ˼ȥԳʲ
һ¶ҪСʵ֡
Сʵ俹ܣȴûź
¹ش󣬽˭ҶģΨֻа̡ҹ£Сʵ۵Щ˻ơ
ֻǰһȥҲģ尢Űɣ˽ҲЩ
Сʵ۰ȫҲĲ٣δƴǣӹ塣
Щˣɵڽֶ꣬µȻ֪ǳ
ϴΰµˣ
´ǰ²ٹͣݣʲδйͣ¹ϣ˹Ǳ˼٣ֻʵڲ֪ηͲźá
µɲýֲͣҳ˹ҲֻǸɵС佫治
΢΢һЦ͵ʲƽӹ֮Щ¶ɲǽ֮ϼ仰ġ
ɵŻ֪֧ĴڣµȻӭж⡣
Сʵһ㼴ͨ˲׺⡣
Ҳɵƾնһ֧һ˼ܲµǴǰݡ
ԣµ˵˲˵ޱ˳ϾǿɾͺöԸˣοվ쳤ƾһֶΣǽбѡ
ҵڲסʣµİܽµ˳ھǡ
練֪֪֮ˣ·ЩҷۣԾٶ
һϣڶµķ֮ͣһ˷ԡ
±ָʹƷְ۹͡
˲Ϊ⣬ʵһƷٻη壬
˳˳ؽУȴ졣
ľ˵Ǻ˼ɡ
˽ŮȨ֮츳ֶ˾ٱ⡣
˿̱ǵĺѳ˾ȥ
Ҫ˶Ŀҹɫ˹һҹ·δͣ˵ڶոϵһӲϢ
в㣬ֻеţΪŵ͵ֻҪһ䷿䡣
죬ڶţ뵭װ磬ֱڴ
һǺȶ˾ƣ̸䲻Ծߣ˵˵һ겻һ꣬㣬ԽǰΪλ̧ˣиӣãһΰ
Χ˼Խ˵Խʾ⻹ˡ
Ǽλ˵ͷʾ⣬Ըƹ񽫷͵¥ϣתȥ
ѹ͵СҲʶȤƹ񣺡үѽջ£˲ţ⡣
ɱ˵Ƕ·ӣײ˹ˡ
𽥱Сϡ³ЩԼĪͬһ̰ģԼ̸ˡ
ڡ
²ߣڻʳëѱκãⷹҲɿڣȴûжʳ
˵Ļʿụ̃˵λͼʹٸҲֻţٶ޽Ҳֻܿ
ɵλʱΪ˱ּ̧ݣڶһʱȷʵõ֧֡
˵֧ʵޣڸȹ̵ǰͬ۵
ʧܺ󣬾Ҷ³Щ̻
δȵĺô̼仯ΪУ⵽ҵĴѹӱǰҪѹöࡣ
һ⣬ƺЩ̻Ǹô򷢵ģЩôܹԹǮơ
ҰݲмͭΪ飬ȴָʹ˹ԹΪǮЩ̻׬ǮһֶҵĿڴ֮С
Щ̻޷Է̰Դ˻Ŀռ䡣
̰һͷӯ಻ᣬ̻㲻غ±ǵѰֻ̰Һô
ò˵Էġʽȡң̻ʧҲٲ٣ȫ£ȴ˺±Ӧ÷
̻Ļָһѣ˵·ȷвףһ֪ݲͬ
üĿʽŰճ·ȴܴͨģϣԸȥѰʵ·
ȥûñϻһİ
ü죿
ܣҳײ¥ʲŵˣһұǸ˵ͬ״µˣ񡣡ֵơ
δӹС£񣬻ǽ˻ȥɡ
Ҿ֪ܻ˵գ˶Ҫ£˵˼
Ҳգ˳µҲǳһİ
񽫰£ҪתϰɢȻ¶ճ
뵭һۣ½һ̰ϸˡ
ʶѹ᲻ǸǽжСߵǰƬ̣źҡҡͷ
ͷļ滹һľϻװƿƿ޹޽ǽҩ˵ҩ
һţ
ȻһոպòС׼õһ
ʱЩ׼̰˼ֻѰ·ˣߴСʿɾ̫ˡ
뵭ƫС¥ʱƵУ˿ûεġ
޷ͣһǸģˣ̰лʲŲе꣬ͱ˶ϣ֪١
Ҫˡ
ҪԼкŵƺԤϡ
ҼȾ纮ֽλˣطԸڴ˺ţǵȵǰλǡ
ǰ֮ɫԴǼᶨ޷ֻת¥
ﶼʰЩҪţ
ɣǻ·
ͷҲůЩ˻·׼뿪
¥ʱ¥һżţ̧ȥһߵӶǰ΢΢һЦƱʾ⡣


20 
Ųһ٣׻֪Ϊת⣬ת¥żȥ
һһԼԽԽǿң·һҪš
Ҳ֪Լǻʲô뷨ת¥ǰδعֱֱֻˣֻڿһδıİˡ
ֻվŲ˵ӿڵʲôܰﵽСӵ𣿡
󣬺ȴһ·񶨵
˲佫ξʵ˵ʻһ֮ǰ겻ģ΢΢һЦСǰӵллģΪҶ׼
˲⣬ֻ޷ҵ˲£Ϊֺαصлµ˴˲裬Сǲͬ¹Ʒ˵գ̧ƱһΡ
죬һʱ佫еĻ˵ڣӾþƱƷ裿
еĲ˼飬֮ǱЦ״Цµ˫Ҳ¶޷ڵЦ⣬ԼǾƱ
ĻŪͷԣһʽǾƱϸϸһѰƱ̫һ
̥ϸףʩ͸ԣǺδĴɱϵȴɼ˱̰ʵ֮ǿ
´δĴɱ䣬ʵϡУ¹ªš
ǰ֮һЦø֪ԼϷŪĺĪؿ
˽ɱ£תͷµĲߣʵ֪γƺСӣ
ʹγƺ
վߵߣ֣״ߵߡƺЩԶӱסֱۣʾǰ
˱㼷ССĴǰ⿴ΪŮӣαͱһС껹վڴ߸ԽС
˵ľЩЩڣ֮ȴûһ㣬ָָԶĳ
㿴ǡ̧ȥЩƺΪ̰УǰͳһС죬֡
Թ顣
֡һתͷײԹţһ˲ƺŵϤζʱԭء
ľ޹ζܳɺŹرζԼϵζ϶ûеģʱȴһİŵˡ
ԣԹ飬ǺǸˡ
̧ۿԹߴ࣬վ⴦ֻϡɼƺͷҲڿ
ϵߣ
Ϊλߣ
㻽һ̨Ҳ͵һϱ˿ɫ̥ǣʵޱȡΪˣǵģˣǿ˶Ҫܡ
ԼҸ˰취ڣһǶ꣬ѳΪҵһ֣޷ˡ
Թ˵δв죬ɣΪ⡣
ϲˬʣȴĬĬȶţԸ֮ȴȻͬϸ۾һ
ԼֻǴһ룬ʧȴҲݲ²Ժ
ʱ磬Ҫ·ˣʹأûת뿪Թһ£յǳǳһڣ®ɽ
˲ݳ־áζʣǺò赫˰ȵġ
裬Թ鲻֪ʱó˾̳ɱ
ɫ¶ⲻȲĴɱôʢơ
Լϵɻ̫ԣԹʵûסЦδʵǺƭ
˻һʲô֮ǰڲء
ԼԹ˱裬ǰ͵Ǹ벻ߵģǸĲ˰ЦëռܺȻڼҵĵܵܣһʱ˷ִ磬ĪҪ֡
ӹ裬ҡҡͷ˾¡
ԹĸоˣοͲϲŭ޳֮ˣһС£Ȼϡ
Թ鲻˵ֻƣҲǻ֮ˣһʱﵹҲ
ʶõİˣͬһûҲܣĪģݰǰʱ⡣
κ󣬻ԹʵҿɫҴңҪ¡
ʱ˴뾩̫ԶԹǲǸͨ˻δ̸֪ǵġ
ϾƼˮ꣬뵭˻Щ򣬵Թ˶ڣв֮⣬мܡ
δشֻҪϾ£
Ȼ¡Թشʹ죬δаֳɡ
űеĲҶë·裬˼Թ˻ĿŶȡ
ǰ˵ϱҵúܣ־ҪôԹ飬߽סǺα顣
̽ʮԣûаҪڵ˼
ԹˣҷԴǰСүöˣҹӵܶЩģǰλкദ
ԺˣҲδðЩСƢǿɰ
ϱңҲҵĺôԹӣýǰСү
ɺȴȦף˵ͷ㲻ٿڡ
Թ˰죬ɫӣߵĻ˵ʵڽջȳס˿ڣܲΪΣ
ССر֮ǰϷŪ֮пⲻ٣ȴԣɫԶ׼Խ˾Խ׬
ԹסƱָƴЦܿԶ׿ʶ˶˵̣ȴУ벻СС˼ء
Բ飬Ĵѳƣ̰ңҹһҵ⣬̧ۣҲᣬٹҲ
ҵǰգЩҪôȨҪôǮȻǲ
Թǰ˵ⷬǲµҳڴһϵˡ
ȴ˵ȥԹ鼱æתƻ⡣
ˡҶԣҪȥϱߣƾǶ˸·ǾеġϱǰЩӶ˲ɽˣЩ֮ͽ˱Ů°ɽеı͵ɱˣײеĺܡ
ֻжˣһϵҡ˻ǲ٣ңԶһ·ϲ֪ΣգԴֻһ·֪ͨĸ·ϽӦ
Թģ˵һͬ·иӦ
Щҡ̰Ǹܺõڻϴʶ˶֪ϢҲ֮࣬ͬУһ·õѶϢ
˼һҡҡͷԹ鲢δ
ۼʱ磬֪ٵ飬ǡ
Թ󣬶һ·УһֲͣϢƬ̡
һ·϶ԹĻ˳ȺɽǰʱҲֹʱǰѾ´ңؽҸͶҪĳΪ
ĴѲδսң߾һƬ;еֻңҵ̰ᣬ͢ܡ
йǰӲݣⲻ֪˴ԶĿջУһֻ޳ȹĲյĦƲƷй⣬ãֻڴһĵ̾


21 
ּ, ˲δͣϢƬ̱һ
ͷб, ĺĺϡʱ, Թǵ˲ʱ, Ҫҹ·֮ǰһ
һɽ·Ķ, ҹž֦ɳɳ졣зëʹܵ÷ɿ졣
һУǹ, һ, ãתͷ
Ȼּ䴫춯һ󺺴ɽּԼĪʮˣΧס, ״ںǰ
¹, ɨˣ߰ݽУŴ鲼, õıҲͳһ, ҵ, ͨɽˡ
ɫ彣ɤӺλɷи, ֳȥ
Ϊ׵ıδǰһ, ݺݵغٷϻ, ֮ǰĶ£ɿһ
װϳ̲һ²һ£˶񣬵Ǯ£ӸǴ󺺡
Ǵ󺺵˵ǮȴòλС·ֻʮӣǿֵܼúŪ򷢽лأ
˵գҪǰ
Ʋֻ÷λ磬ǶͶߵôæϲδҲʲôֻƥǴ̰ġ
䲻̰ȴɻԴҹ塣Щ߾ЩŴ󻧸ϲ̰ǲƷֻ
һЩҾ΢ֲǴ̵ļͥԽϵ͵ļ۸̰
Ƕ˸Ÿ׶ƣⲻиҲԱ찡һǰȴȻ
Ǳδ󺺲֪Żǲţδ˵һʱعƽ
¾죬ȴ˵Ȼ
ֹƬ̣һ紵ּɳɳ죬Ǵڿڵկȱƥҿ˲罫¡
ü˿һЩ룬ǲԼϵɿǰɷģʵڲνִ
Ϊ˲ҹ壬Щɽ˻˵ֻҪЩ
ˣġҶǰ׼ƥȥҲۡ
Ǹӣ˵ǴǸҵˣͱն¡
ȴ̫ЩΪα磬ΪܡǱװգգ䵽ؼҵԵʡ
ǱǶˣȴҪǳΪˣΪܻ
Ǵû뵽ˬҪ£һʱЩסƬִ̺ЦλС֮ˣˣҲգǶҲԵǮ㻹ǡ
ǰҪǮأҲںǰ
ڷ֮ˣ˵ţͨ˼ġϸƣҲûиũʱµļ룬ڵļǾձ¡
ϣ彣Ǵ󺺷Ӧ죬ĩ˱֮У˹ȥ
˵ڵϣǴ̽һȷĻ˯ȥѧһС
ּ仺߳һλ۵ӣ˼֮׷ߵǰɽ𡣴󺺼״Ҳ
ǵڶ峿
˿̻Щ˦˦ԴŬԼѣܲŷԼƺһ񷿡
϶ãҲߡ
°ûԼڵģȴֲ˼˵Ǻͷ
һһ죬䲻⣬ˮδ˿ֶȴûܵͷ˫ѱĥƣ̵ۡ
֪죬Ŵ죬æ˫װ˯
Ǵ󺺣ھһԶ£ּľ֦ͱͱװγѣ̧ۿ
δ˵ֻ£Ƶ⿪Ƽϵˣ΢ŵؽӲһ룬תǰֲɫ
ǰķˣûж꣬Ҳ֪ͷûзɺҩ⿪Ǹܵĺûᡣ
Ŵ󺺲ע⣬һɨȽߵǴֲۼֿץסȣȴǼɵʲôܾš
¹УܿռϷ磬һƴڴ󺺵ĺ󱳣Ǵ󺺳ʹ쳣ڲϳٳ
ץסʱܳ񷿣ܣתͷԶɽȥ
·ȴǴ󺺵һƲ̫أڽˣƴǱˡ
ɻ֣Ǵ󺺷Ǹӡ
˴ɽկڲԶɼ΢⣬ߣһҪҳ죬֮ǾӳĸѰ
Զ죬лԼζԼĪ֪ˡ
˿ٲһζܶƼԶһ䷿ݣȥȴһˡ
Թ鱻廨εڵϣһδǶ봲ס
űƿߵڵϵԹ飬ȴһֹ
һֱţûҩЧأܿʲô
һ˯ӵˡ˵գҲֹͬý¡
Թʹ˫ۣϴ׵ĺ
ɽ֣СĵҲ˯š˵գЦ
Թ鿴Ŷڴ׵ĺЩԣһ˲¶ڣæʳָס촽ʾҪ˵
ɽ˻ڽл˵أûпһʮСӣţȻѰġ
һ˿ۣקקˣʲôãϿ°ɣɲСˡ
˵ձҪתȥһͬ뿪
ŶԶŴӴȴû⿪ԹϵϸƣǸᡣ
Թֵ̫ɣʵɣ˵廨󣬿߻õشϣɽ˰˻ܹЩô
Թ鵹ʮϲܣô⣬죬ҽ⿪
ɽʱлĿܣ˷ʱ䣬ȴֲòʣô⣿
ˣոճûñͽЩգҩŪΣҵûʩչȭžͱŵˣҲ⡣
Ȼǲţ̰ڶ࣬Ҳ٣һʮɽ˾̰ﶼмܣ
ǿɻԹ鼱æ͵ҲҲãʱ·Լֻ˼ˣŵһغϣ¡
֪̰ҲûΪѣֻҪЩ𡣡
ʱȣ˵ȥ˿ָ֣˳޼룬ϰ֮ˡ
Ҳգһأֽ⿪
˸ˣ㲻ˣֲܲ
һҿɲ㣬Լ
Թս͵˵ͷʵⲻ١
ȷˣŴԹߣȴһת̨ɨڵأѵһ
ҹﰲ̶ԶȻߵ죬Լ˵ƶ
ˣ²˳٣ϽԹܣ˼⣬Թܲͽˣ
ҶԹ˸ȱȺһأ죬һӱźǰϡ
ֻǵֲɽ˶ڣ˱Χס
һҲͰˣԹ书ģʩչȭš
ЩɽƺԺܺߣȫȻջеӣᵶҪ
ץԹ㣬һ죬䵶Ҫ£Թ״æһں
Сģ
һ£Թֱ۱һѪۣ䣬Ѫηɽϡ
һʱ
л˵
СɰǿԿҵԤ
ɱ֮һˡ
лϣĵ
һлϣ֪ԼһУǸŮ䣬ø³Ϊǿһ
ڶлϣʹ˼ʹΪ˻߾ȹȡֻ֮飬ҪðлΪ⣬ֱһ
лϣһֻص鿪ʼĵطһװãСʦãżӡ
ϲԵĸ㣬ȥ
ٹȼʮ˼ζллʦã
ᷢޣ
ջʦʹллʦã
ͬС˵ȸ
ͻȻнأллʦã
лϣ
֮ӵ𣿼ʶˣ
ʦðѺöңΪΨ
лϣɲء


22 
ɽҲԭ, ϸɷŴ󵶵΢΢
˲ˣԹԼ, ˿𽥱Ҫ
Թʹ, תͷǻ˰˰ֵ, ǲˡ
ֳգգ, ʾѪֱۣû˵
־ܣɽһӵϽ£ٴαץ, ܵÿɾ϶, ɽ˺޲ýŶ˵С
۳ûӳȥϣڵϲ˵ԹΪǱˣŲŲû˵һֲֻ
˿, ҲԹŲŲ
Թ黹뿪, źȻƿץסĴŴƿ˽ֱߵǰ, еĴƿݸԹ顣
, , Ϻõҩ
ʶԹ黤ؿǴеҩ, ԹҲԹè, ûóȻȥá
ǴЦһ, Щ˾ϧİɣڲᶯǣСӿֵǮء˵գԹ顣
ҲǣԼҵ̰ǮԹҲͰȫˣЩΪǮҲ˼š
ӹĴƿᣬȷʵǽҩ
Ǵ󺺲˵ֻ˲Ҫܣתȥ
ȵȡȻڽסʵͬеˣǽˣ
ǡ˦ĸֱֱ뿪
ȴĲ£ԹΪǮƣǰ뵭񣬻κδΪأ
յϢЩɽֻҺ̰αװռ¶ˣѵƥԵô
һ΢ĳ˺ĳ˼ŷӦ־ҪԹҩ
ԹҲѣ½⿪ͻȻĶһʶתȥȴʶԼж磬ɤװת
ɿģûסҩҩ·
ĪƢԹǲ⣬ǺƢؽ͵˿ֱϱ飬·ϲҩ
޹Եúˡ
˿ΣҲֻӲͷƤԹҩͷֻԼϹˣȴ΢΢졣
ƫƫԹǸῴɫģֱ˵컹ţ侹졣
˵գĶͦȺСǺð
һα糺һƬ̧۵ԹһۣҲ顣
Թʹ˻һʵ˵
ãǴⲻͬ˵ԹôҲûá
ҹֹסشΰѼƲסߵԴˮʡ
ֱܵߵԴԽԽ̣ϡʹġ
͵þѣԹԼ̧һģ̣ԼĪ˿ڷˡ
ǽϣţ𣿡
Ƭ̣մŵ˽Ŵ򿪣ϴűѵĲͣôˣ
˿ڷˣọ̈̄ҪҸ򡣡
⻰ǰϲ͵ɫ˲ʧҲܺվţֱ߽ȥ鿴
ңδһ쳣лЩɽ˲ԸҴ
ճǲҴסʱǾ͸˵õǮˡ
һۣҲػת뿪ʱţӴǰԽԽԶýĻȥˣҪȻԹǡ
ŴޣĵֻܽԹ§ڻʱʱԹĲӸ£Ⱥֻһֻ֡
ĴԹƾԾ䣬һȥҲЩɶ
ָ΢ҪҪҿߣֻҪҿ֪˾ǲԼǸˣ־֮Σʵڲ̹֮١
ţȴֹסƣڿ촥ߵһ̣ſˡ
ŵආŴ󺺺һģ˽ûܽҿߣһɡ
װ°վԹǴ󺺴ģҲûеĵطʵڲǸĺõطǱԹȥ
ҲţǴ󺺳һۣߵආ˼ۼֿͽڡ
޷ֻÿǽԹߡ
Թжֻ꣬˱űΪԼ˵ĸоãԼԹ顣
оÿǷȻͶԴ˶ļ֡
һҹ˯ţ⣬Ķܰúܣֻмҹ˴Ƿ
峿ڿˣֻһආ׼ߡ
סԹ˳ţֱȥ
㷲Թи̣ǰͷţȷûзҩ֮ڳٶȥ˵ˣ·ûˡ
һֿʼ˼£ԭԹмֲɣɾһ⣬ȴЩҡ
ݳ֪УƽڹԹ鲻ܻµݡ
Ƽˮ˵𣿺ȷԺָһӰġ
ʧٵĵڶ죬Լӳȥ죬˾ҵֽԹԺһŽľƣŴý֮ºָδϱߵɽˡ
Щɽ˲δúһ˴ã󺺿Žۣ⡣
һΰɽկ߶֪կеĲ֣Щ˽סִ˼ȦŽ͵Թ鴦
߽ںѸš
Ȼĳɽ˵סгþסĺۼŻס֮կеλ͡
ܺ󣬺ſŵԹ顣
ԹߣʵڿɫΣֻ߽ϸϸ۲죬Ҫһ˿
ȴԹ˫ۣһʶҪַֿҪʱֹס
ֵԹסһʱЩΡ
ǺȴΣɫȻֱʵоôɺЩˣ
Թֻʲ֮²δ˵ͷǸ˴Ҳ£ֻٸ˿ڻҩȼҩɡ
˱ϾΪԼܵˣ棬ĬĬ¡
أô⻰ʵЩ£ûˡ
⸱ģԹЦЦû˵˾۵СۣˣԹûһ˯˹ȥ
վҪѰһǷгֵĶ͵͵ϣʱһ͵ܳȥ
ֻǲܴԹ飬˻ڴ˵ؾԼ̰˾ǮƣЩɽҲɱ
ʵڲдӳȥҲ١
ֻ첻ԸδȺжʹϽشǰ
Ǵ󺺲Բֽظ˫Ϻڲȥͬʱһ˼ȦͻǴ񷿡
һٶʵڽкɶͷԣЩ鷳һ⣬ǽԼȥԹ
л˵
ߵĳˣ˵˲һ˴ţһ˴ͻ붫ӾͻѰ
ʱĺغأԴתһҪʵʩ˷˴ơ
ߵĳˣʱҪ㡣
غأЩӲá


23 
²û, Щʦһ⣬ֺĳˣֻȴû뵽ֺ, ĳ˲顣
Թ뷨, ŭЦ, һȺ, 浱֪СúŪ𣿡
˵ͷΪ׵Ǵ󺺣Ϊ¼ƽһֱԹ顣
¼Ҳ֪ʵֻ̫ԼյԺź, Ҳǹ, һʱ˷ִ硣
Թ˿ţȴãĿڴϣ¼̧̽ʵ, ģδã
Թۿ, ĿԼ䣬¼صͷ
ˣ㶼˵, һΪɡûһ, Ŀûô
һ, ܵõ֮ĹģҲһá
ֻ²С, ̺
¼Ӧ, Ҽ˺, ڴ²δ׷
ҹԹֱͻز񷿣ǵˣѺආӸˡ
һǹæǰ鿴ơ
ôͻˣ˻ûأ
Թűߵһǣ̺ú֣Ҫ˱ӣҹ˯þˡ
ЩڣɿԹĵģһʱҲ˵ܾĻ
ĥĥ߹ȥ󣬿ǽ£ʵⲻһһ
˵գҪȥãȴԹֹǿǽ˯һ棬һ˯ů͡˶ӣʾϽ
ԴһƿӾͰɽȥһ־Σ˵Щʲô
Թȴ˼ʱ䣬ɫȻŲŲҪЩ
æһֽԶЩ־һЩˣæҲˣ̰ʲôʱⶼˡ
Թ鱻⻰ע⣬δǰĶ˵·Ҵǰ̶߹һľ룬һնʱ䣬ϻҪǮһ㣬վǮ
Ŷһû˵ɫ΢֪Щʲô
Թ룬ڲ⣺ͬеأ
ҡҡͷ֪ˣһʱ챻һΣһڲУ˸ӳ㣬֮㶼֪ˡ
ҲĲµ񣬵书ɲǼè򣬾Щɽ˶ϵ书֮ϡ
˵һɽ˰ɽҲҵˡ
ȥˣ䱻ۣҲܸоɽկҲûʲôӦòδɹģ
Ǵٸͨ˾Ͱˣϴ̰ʵڲ֮١
ȻϴһĴУһæ֡
𶯱𶯣Թ齫ץأ߶͵͵ʡµҩרŸġ
֮ǰϵѿ裬˿̱һסǰٰ㲻ʡ
ʶҪԹһ̬ǿƣסֲ
֣˻²ҩôɱСˣ˰̿ɾͲÿˡ
ӲӺɷʲô
ԣԹЦ˼̧ζؿô˵ﲻһ롣
òڣɤӸɿȼתͷ𴦣ҲܸҩԹ顣
ò׵ҩԹ̧˴
̲סҲòֱӽջתȥҪϢˣҲ˯ɡ
˵գ˫ۣǿԼ֮˵Ķ
˿̵ľС
ʲôƽʧˣīЩš
ǣеߴϢ˵Ǵ˿ڹĲƽˣµϢȥıؾ֮·϶ţȴֻƼһˡŵģƺʲôˣ룬ƽ˱ʣ
һʱԺͷ뵽Ƿ֣תһֽ˷񶨡
ٺڶԺ֡
Ҹ˳뿪ǰһᡣ
ҪؽɽŻʹĸؽɣǰȥһ·Ҳɰ̽Ϣ
ֻǴ»ʹ²˳٣ǰ
֪⺱سĬΡ
ĸЩһֱãмǹţȥ֪ʱܼ棬ȥҲЩ
Բ٣ɽʹʧ֮侰Ӻ󣬱㾫㱡
ڹ߶żˣʱӣ˹ϵȴǰ׽١
ԭҲڶģеξм֡
ʵ֤Ķˣ˵ͷҲգǸТĵģ˴αȥɣĸ·иӦҲá
£ڶճʱʮֵ͵˵СŻʻۼ⣬һ۱ƼԶ䲮ǿݹǻ뾩ֻңңֻһͽᡣ
ԶԶ񣬵תͷǰа̾һ
ԭΪĵӣεȵҫ⣬û˵ȴľ档
ʱĺȫ֪ΪԼǣҶǣֻǾԹ˯δ̫Щ
ǰҹ˶δ˯Ҳ͹ؾԼһĶֵأˮˮ
ҹԼҲδ˯ԹĴԼ˸󣬽С¯Ƶģ§ڻȡů
Ķѣ¼ƲҲ˼ѣӲǵ۾賿
ȵ֣ʵڳŲȥŻ˫ۡ
ʶ˯ţԹ鰵𴽽ǣ˲ͷ˫ۡ
ٴԹԹֻδƼѵԼҩ
۱㽫ɴӹҩֵµĶϴ˲١
Թ˵̰˽ձǮˣŻϺķݣɽʨӴ󿪿һء
м£ųȥϣȴŵ
˭֪ɽ˵ֳոǿǰձ˳ȥ
ȵܣǾôˡɹѣԻһߡ
ʲôܣֳǺü˱ˣҪ⻹ܶҪӣƭ
뿪ڣȴԹ£˼ҵĵ̣ʲôǵȳȥ˵
ҲգȳȥԼ˻취
˱Ϻڲɽ£Χû˶Ž⿪ڲǰѲǼǰɽĵط
ܣ֪Ǻεء
Թ鳣̰⣬һӱϳ˿Լϱߣߡ
˶ҪȥСýͬС
һ·ֶֿʣһźȿˮԹȻ˳˵ͷߵӱߡ
ϣ͵رߣֱУվ֣վڰϣ䶢
л˵
һҪ


24 
㵽˭, в֪ʱһֱָ֧֦Թ顣
ˮԹûס˸, ˿Ҳ, ô, ҽ˳, תͷ͹ӲţǾΪ𣿡
ӣԼΪ𣿡˵㵽˭
ԹǰҪϰȴֱ»غ, Ц˭, ʶһԱţܹ˶£ҲգǱ˵һ, ԣһ, ɻ⣿
ڤ粻飬䡣
Թһ, عƳɽկ֮·, ⱾͲ
կ, ܸ쳣ضɽǿľ, ɽϾɽ, ˵֮ϱ, ҪȥĳԶ
Թȴһҧ˴ǳ򱱱ߣȻҪϴ·
֮ɽ˵־ٶѲɣԹɽ˾һģⲻԵݵһϷ
иɻ󣬾ʲôѾ˼һƣѵΪסýǱô
˼ˣеĳ׸תҪȥ
֮սپӲǴҲʲʲôο˷ʱ䡣
ˮԹӺ߳·͵ϮֲԾճȭ
Ȼǵˡ
һȻͷԺͷǰ֮˸ողƭôֿܣƫƫԺֻʣܵһ֡
ܾûŹˣԾҧҧ촽еĴ𰸺֮һֱȴ˵ڡ
˼ʶֽд֣ʵվں֡
ǰ֮ſ˫ۣҲ̲סɱȥ˽С
ӦӦһһ麰֣һ̣ʵʵڸܵ˵Ĵڣڴǰ翵С
Ӧʪ͸˵·Ц
ӦԴҲã·ʪ͸ˣҲƼƽǸСް
һۣ˲۽ǣʵ˶˵ˣƫţȥͬ˵ؿڸɥ¡
ȥ䣬ɹеʱҵĺܣΪΪŴӣɵǽͷöֻʺǰȴ¡
ʺĵײͬͬһ̻֮ǣһ𣬾ܺͬ˵ֻͬ꣬ǲŵģܾúͬСЩ㺡
ƫʱ̣ʺҶȥʹΪɣڹС
ÿÿδһ̣жͬʡ
Ӧο֪֮ģǣĶ࣬ͬһ֮˽ҵﵣֻһǻɣۼ壬Ŷ˲Ρ
뿪ǣգŵԹǸпȴֲֻᡣ
лһʣЩɽ˾ǺιϵΪһʼ˵ݣ̹ΪλϽҿĿʾˡ
Ӧ³룬ϵߵһ˰̣Щ߶ѳϰߡ
⣬̧ߣƤƱúܡ
òǱƤ֪ģҴӲЩ
Ӧ˶٣˵ٵȵȰɣȵʱٽҿ
˵ͷԸԼ뷨ǰҲƷòǷòҲǳ¡
룬֣¸ԼĲںЩŸҪ˵Ʒʣ޹ò
ӦЦЦδ˵
һԵţԼȥּ֦
ãӦžůЩʵ̾һ
ˣ˿ȴЩЦ˶һۣ׷Ц
ƺܾûɹˡ
ֻЦ󣬳ûסʳڣɽʶ𣿡
Ӧûзϣм˸֦󣬵˵ͷǣҲǡ
⣬ףӦѾĻΪΡ
ΪʲôֻǼ˸ʱһƺýѰˡ
˻һǲţ˸ңⲻܡ
˴ʮȫ׼˵߶֮ض˷٣졣
ôܣڿջҽػһֻŸ룬ֽȴǿտҲǹ¼ʶ㣬˵ֽ֣дı١
˵գӻóӹֽ⣬ֽϹȻԳ֣
֮ǰͣĵط
ִϢķʽֻ֪һˣǱ
ԼһˣĬģΪľǴ̽Ϣʱײ֪
ܣӦ޿֪
ĸǽжֻðʾ̰һߣ·ܸ㣬ִ֪ҪߣҲû취ų²ߡ
ϴһ·̾ʶȻҲͶˣ̰ЩɽЩϵұһ׾ӵķӡ
ʹ˿ҲֻΪɽҡ
Ļ
Щɽ书䲻ߣ֪ɽưҲͽ˦¡
һС·կУٸ֪¡˭֪·ϵѵ̫죬˲ǵˣˣʹһҩµٴ˾ͽ·ϣֻһ˻կӡ
ȻҲ˵Щɽ˱⸽ɽϵģϢ°˵ء
ڽһҲδвɣ˵Ҳ˵벻ţǱֻ֪Щɽǡ
Ϊʱù죬Ϊֻ˯һҹȴû뵽һһҹ
һг̣Щɽǰϵ򸽽أ
Ӧɫɣֵҿûô£ŵ㣬һŵ˵ԵЩ˽ҿ£һǮơ
ܽΪԭȵ̫̰Ǯţвյĵ
ǰǺɼӦס˿ڣǽߵĻ¡
˻ǵûҩ˴ԶԶ·ʪˣҲ˿ûˮ
֪οǰװŪΪǶˣŪģ˿Ƿףֳˡ
һۣӦĺ壬ͷŻǣصߣгҲУͿҪȥˡ
˴뽭𣿡֪ûΣգҲͷˣ˳취ǡ
֮ȥѾЩӣ֪λġƽûб˷ֶߡ
ţ뱻˲ҲԶˣԵϰٺӦͣ
Ӧǲ³Ĵ㣬뽭Զϰ죬ҵΧˡ
һ㶣ǰҲǼˣȤͶ־ϣ˵ǰ䣬Ӧ֪ĵ׵Ĵ㣬˲ܳݵļΪѡ
ƺҲˣ·˴δʱ·
л˵
̣ˮﵫû°Ϳһỹˡ
ʱ׼·ϡ


25 
Ӧһֱź
ӳ, Ӧ룬Щƺ仯ܴ󣬴ǰܰߴߴ, ˼൫д, , Ĭʱ, Ҳò³롣
ǰϢԴĦ˼
ɺ֪Щ䵱˵ĬǰɽԺʱҲ
˲֪ΪҪӦύܾ˽թ, ɱΡ
ӦûԼ˽𣿲, С
δǰڲع̹̹˵ã䲻Դı⣬ǴӴԺӻùܶࡣ
ᱻӵ, Ҳƽ޹ԩ
仹Զܡ
ⶼύĺô, ԼŬ꿿ѧҵ£ֻҪһվеѶӭж⡣
ɵ, Щ֪, Ӧϵõķࡣ
ɽԺ˲ᶮ, ӦҲǺദġ
ȥɽԺһ˸֪ڹȥʼҵ, Ұ, ʧı֡
ʤսƷ, ǻʼҲѶΪ֮衣
ɵ۲ԸȴҲ޿κΣУûһ˿ǵ뷨
ֻãֻһӣһֶʲôأ˶ΣǸӣڻʼңʲô
ǶˣǹӺݻԤʾʢ֮ǳΪ˰ڲΪ˿еЦ̸
ԼĽ
һССӾѿСһ׺ʲôζ޾ɵ۵ųҵˣԼΪ
ԭȨõĶ׾ٱܽ˱Լϵһӡ
ڣҵһԴͷǱŵĶȨơλԴЩӦɻʼշĶȴûտȨ
ɵıԣհǰ˺󣬴ʧεľ档
ԣ֮һɽԺĴڣףΪҵĺؼƷƵۣ֮κ˶ԡ
ͬδĳһҲΪˡ
Ӱ˼ΣֿԺУع۲ΧһУ˵Ƣԡ
ɽԺÿһ죬ȹŲΪ֪˼˽
ۣһ˫ۣСײɵۿһҹģ
һֱΪĸʣȴǲΪӪı
ÿÿû취һų֮ĶԴԺеӵܡ
ЦҲЦȴ˵ǲĸˣôһ˲䣬Լˡ
Ӧˣ˶˵ͼܷġ
Ȼҵͼܷģ˵˵λͲ̸ƫƫݡ
ңѧԺʱӵܵ۸жҲԹޣ̫ˡ
˶ͼ룬˭Ƿ˭ˡ
ʱƣദԽŷ֣Ӧ·
Ϊ̻֮ӣӲԹ԰ԼβҪбȴǿ
һμˣĴ£ΪԼıȡռ䣬ȴе̹ѵػš
Ѻʹͬ棬˺ſʼġ
˵ѩ˵ϱ̶Ӵ⣬˵ҵ˵δ̸۵޻̸
ںദĵУһȷԼδ·
ǰֿ֣صͬŵҪͬһơ˻ңʱӦվ֮ʩչ
˵Уʱʮ꣬ӦҲӵЦ֣µͷ
ʱǨٴμ棬Ӧܲ³롣
֪Ҫȥ
Ҫµкѣɲ̫ƽ֮أʱ͵͵Ȼм£·ߣǱֻнˡ
ز׽еص㣬̫ƽ֮أĪ֪ʲô
Ӧʼ磬¿ɲڣֻ֪ˣЩϴϢͨЩҲֻ֪š
ֱۣʾĨǿ˵
ǰʱ䣬̰ڽ˻ƼٸʩգȴЩùס
һҧҾ˹
ɵλʱҲһ󺵣ΪԺ룬ڸҪݸԱʱ֮衣
Щʳǹٸģ޿ܳùףǱû
ùף£һҲޣҲδ֪
̰е֪ģ
Ȼ̾ʶЩЩճùҲҶ˵ֻù׳Զ⻵ӣλҽĳãϸЩѿ̰Щ飬˽ºȾƾͶ˵䡣
ŭգ߻ʵԶڽһ죬ٸֱ졣
²˳٣˿̱ǰ
ӦȴסҪȥľƲǰ򵥡
Ȼ֪ƸӣֻҵԵʣͬϱҪ֮أСС
汲໥ǣһȫһŸӵĹϵ˵ƾͿƵġ
šʵۡ䱳ȴվŽеҡ
Ǹ̶˭ȥܰų
ܲܡ
־ᶨӦҲûֹ
ѾȻ㣬ֻһ·Ǿеģ̰һҲһ
˼һû˵ߣ·֪ôǰȥ̰˶ЩĿҲɢЩעĿ
˵ͷ̰ҵ
һС£Ӧδ˼Ӧ¡
˸ϵһС̰ڴ˴Ⱥã˻˼ʰñͣǰ
˿̵Ľҳһ֪࣬ҪԭֻҪլϢһ
ɽڽţƽյҲˣʧİգһ֪Ž
֪֪ôҪͱȥֻҪ֮ŭЩ˲ð
լĴ඼ЩûйپģڽǷ⣬λȨصⷢ飬ҲǴ˴¨ʵͱ̫
ү޲ýĶӴһ٣ֻƴţ޴ֻ֣εһĸܶ
үܵĵӣ˵ѪԵҲ׽궼ھ˷Ҳô
Ե֪ӵ죬ȥүʶǽ
үУǴȴҲ£˭֪ʳİԽԽ࣬ٸʩų¡
˴ȴֻø״С֣һ֧ģ˵Щʲôɡ
ס죡үȳ⣬ڴ˺ӲȱʲôΪǵ˽ǮֵðղðӲϵԴʱ̫ô
죬⣬ЩúܣùױԲˣһװģ
ֵûȴүҲǣ磬Ͼǳ˵õûһ֧ĵҫɡ
л˵
˿̵׼·ϡ


26 
һ·ӱ, ˿뽭
Ϊźżһ£һ˵ʵڲã·;۵Ե, Գ˾㿪ʼ
ܿƵؽѹʵ侰, Ƕ˱, ദʱҲ, Ȼŵ֮
ڴǰֻ˱ӰЩԷֱ棬ЩѲģ˿ǰ, ȴһں侰֡
˺һʰ, ӲҪԼĲĸѳ֮ͬˡ
Աҡҡͷ֪һΪȴ̼, ƿӾҪ
ʵ޷ֻ, ˼У˸һӣȴƺͯģ, һؽͷϥ, һԴһ߳ҡ
ͬҲͰ, ͬĸദȷʵϹء
ǲ˯˱һֱ, òװ˿ջ, ˱˯¡
˶, һĻ䵽֪֮У񶼱ˡ
Ҫǣǰżѻָһ·ǱȴǰҪؼ֡
һ·аֵ飬Ⱥһ
˵ϢӣԸ
үԼҲĶӣֿһ˲ŵҡͷһϢĶˡ
ǸʵĴģĲ벻мװдϡ
֮˶˾ܶûֱ֮ˣ۽ɨһۺүʰ
Ϊӷϴɨвãϲԣȴ࣬լңȹҪݻ֡
ǰ԰ڣƽûʲôİãΨԹжӣÿһҷģ㿴ϲģܿڡ
ֻЦЦȴȴñ㣬ֻԼ׼ҫȴүһ۵ֹס
ֻԼûùϢط
ȥ·ɫһ䣬֪Щڽȴû뵽ѵ˵ز
һ·߿УĽҵúܣֲùɥڼҪ뷽跨˷¶˾ġ
̰һ·ϣ㽭ĵˡ
ԽϣԽ⣬ӡУڴһĸ֮أһ·ŵĴׯ٣ʧֲЩһɽ˶
ͣ٣Ҳóô뵭ȡϵֻе˲࣬»Ӧȥ죬ӦӦĺˬ졣
ù緹ȥĴߣӦ㣬ȴ˵һֻǰȥ
Ӧ彣Żš
˲ע͵͵ģΪľǽܰסӦԳš
򲻴󣬲һ֣ܿߵͷ߹һ⣬ϸϸ˲ŷе쳣
̫ˣգֻһ̷ǱŲⲻϳ
ߣûһתײһֽͯϵĳ
Ӵ䣬⺢ͯ󾹲һգһͯհݣԵһ˫۾ֱضźʵڽ˯}ûš
뿪Щʲô⺢ȴҪҧֱۣʶջ֣ͯ״һߡ
䣬ǮȻˣǰӦЩӰãϹ
ǺͯҪԶæϣֱ׷ǣһׯŲͯӰ
ׯԼĪʮ˼ң·ſڶŰײЩ˼Żţ߽ԺӣѯӦ㻺߽
ڰڷż򵥣ΣһŴЩûסţһҡ
ҶˣЩͬѰǰᵽҲżҶˡ
ߣȴ֮ǰĺվһ£ĬĬҲ֪վ˶á
Щëܾ⺢ӿڿһˣҪ̻
Ծսе彣ǰǰ£ʵ˶ȥˣ
Ǻ˵һʲô̫ᣬʶȥ֮ȴݺݵҧĲӡ
ʹҪƿǺƺͼ¸Ҫҧһ
ʵ޷ֻðγ彣ǺӾߣвϿɿ
һҪϻӣܺıɿ죬סѪĲӣýסǺӵ°ͣʹ̧ͷ
֪Ǻֳ޻һͯľٶһ˫۾ɺ죬źѪ˿һ˲ƺǰ԰ޣʳʱҲ
Ծʿˮ⺢ӲǽУʳ
л˵
Ԥղء
ֹгΪɼҵĶС㣬ڶձҪ޽
ϻ鴲һֹ̣ǿƴճⱾڡ
λүһʱŮװӪŮ˲׹밮ӣ׶Ҫһ𣬲ݡ
ֹˣ˵λҲãԷŷңү˵ү˯ү湷
ֹ֮Ÿġ
ȥŮûֲ˵˹ϵܣ۳ŶԽԽֹɻﲻһ
ֱ£ϴֹŵеӤüһӡ


27 
ºȻ, нսƬ̷ɣǰվŵֻ۳ʳ, ֪ÿ¡
Ǻӵڵ, , ֪Щʲô
˼Ƭ, ջջؽߣԼ
˭ǺӴץһһʶֵסǺͯת, һеڶΡ
һ, 㽫⺢赹ڵأǰڵϣЦ廹ǰˢһ磿
ǺסӰβ˵Цһ, ôƭһλƭڶΣ
֪ǰ֮˺𽥱, һ飬žףɢͷ, ȴһת, 
, ԭǸ֡
ˣҧһ, Ѫ, 㳶ƽˡ˵, תȥ
߳ԶͷһǺͯڵδ뿪ȴԶһΡΡﺰšС
ϵкʶ£ȻԭС
òڴ￴ˣɲ׾ͷŹæͷС󾱵죬𣬳˼ңСء
ǰСһ֮ǰĺݾʵ˲٣ԹԽĸ
ЩãߵǰſôˣһʱЩɻ
Ǻ͵Ǯ¶С˿νӲº˵һ֣зģ˲֪ɫĸǰ˵ģĲ
ֻ˿ѽǮ֮Ժ۾һضǰϸˡ
СݵÿϷҲƤͷҪٲ֪ǺǱ̫޶ˡ
ĻսʱĳҼҰײˣ֮ǰİǨ˽ˡ
̫䶳ʲôϡ£ûʳЩ˱ֻܵ
ֲ壬һˣĴܺõȥ̧ȥֻ֮ɫ
Сһͦӳվĸǰ
ڣó·ʣµģ˿õݸˡ
СܿƵʿˮʶҪȥãȴĵֹӣԼ԰ɣɲãƼ
˵գĴƣðߡ
ƣºǰצСҲ˳٣ǰݾܾĽ
ᶨһȦ˸Ͻʾߡ
С󣬻ʱʱתͷۣŷԭСǸкǳԲϷԵʣѰŮҪС֡
Ϊסڴ嶫ͷɽ£ֻéһ䣬ļҾ߶ûС
Դӽ˼ţСӾ裬۾ֱֱźǱ̵ֵСʨӣʱʱ¶֮ˡ
ɨһۣ㲻ʵڶ۸СûʲôȤ
Ȼע⵽ϵҧۣڴСС˭æѺСǸеĸݸ
Сʵ׼ͷһǸ񶼱ȥ񱻶һҲ
ӣջȥɡǿźͨʶ䵱ͬԼһİգԼӹúЩͷ˭Ҷʳࡣ
˼ң£Щ
ЩԥСȴ̲סݺҧһڣͬʾ
˰֣ʾ£Сһʱסתͷȥ䡣
˼ңҴӱͶݣ˵طȴһȥҲ֪ȥ˺δϼҼŻգҶ෬Ϣ֪Ǻιʣ
̾Ƕ궼δͨŰɣ
˵ͷֻƽղϵʵͶ·Ͷ
ӣ˰ϸҡҡͷߵĶˣ߲˵ҪôҪô㹶Ӳд
ְοݼҵ׿ɻʵЩǮƱӵȥˣ㲻㵣ġ
üĻҪأٸ֣˵ܿЩӡ
ʼˣȴ֣ʩ࣬ǳ֮ưһҲˣΪһΡ
ʶԣɵ۵ʱʱǰڻģڶ̶ߵĵز
Ŵǰȵʱ˲ʳô𣿡
죿죬תͷһ룬⺢ӱĲ˽Ҳǳ£͵ĲˣóĶЩùף⵹ҲûʲôлƽЩʲô
˵ʲôɺκˣһ࣬õϢһ⵽©
ꣿ⿪ʵ
ͷٹϼ£֮ˡ
ֲãֲûʲôˣõʱ䣬Ƕˡ
ȻһţСô
һæץסֽǧ𿪿ڡ
èǽǣһӵ
ţ˸ɽС˼飬ǶҲӣСڣȥ𣿰ͷĻ˿ʩġ
ûлشֻѲ⣬ȴ£ҴȥվƼƺĨᡣ
ԶߣŻ߳ϵһ⣬ֿŴⲻЩ⡣
ڵСã̲ס˳ľſڳȥֽŲõ˸ӣҪ䵹С
æǰֹʲộ֪֪ģǰ೤ҪôôȴҪ
һΪмֱ˶Ա˺ȴҪ˷ѣǰһǰű䱦
СҪȴ޷ѣŹʼʩҧ֣֪зһֱ㽫ڵأۼֿһԵľȥ˶ϡ
СŵȴֹСȷŰɣЩʱ廹ȥֵˣȥٳţԹԴڼ
ʵڲ⣬Ȼ˶ܻ⣬ǻȥαسһʱ飬ٻ
˭֪ⷬŭСŭ߽佫غõǮںϣҹ
ƢҲˣڷʲô裿
״ԣæˣֺǳС䣬źȴ֪ν͡
ӼǺõģҶǼǱǵڣʵѵãֻ⡭ǲգСܲҪҲ֮С
ʲôС񣬱ͷ˰ɣֻ붫ͻȥ
ǲ⣬̾һŵɽɽɽܳԵĻûˡ
һŵϵľ룬Ʈһ֬˿ȴθҪ³
ɽϵĻﶼûˣɽǡ
л˵
еء



28 
ŵ, ͼõһ񶨵Ĵ𰸣ͷȥĬĬȥ, 𰸺֮, ̲סŶ
վƴԼ侲, һ뵽븡֬, θﻹǷ
СվڱЦһ˼ҳȻ᲻ܵĿֻ࣬жˮ͸ϽߣΪҲ֪̰ˣ˽ӵʱƵһ
Ҳһ, һͷϹ֡
һתͷ㿴Сʢˮľ, װ޶£һûסһ
СۼҪ쭣ֲ֪뵽ʲôǷȭͷ޷תݻ·
ʰ׵, ľмһСǣ鲼, ֱɽȥ
룬Ҳɽȥ
һ·϶˶δ˵Щ, ֱһص, һ۷ֱ·ɷء
ʱõѳӲ, µľССһһʯĹԶԶȥ, ˵мʮ
СתһȦ, һ·ǰͣ, û˵ͽڿӡ
վֻ޷ľʹཫûɽ˴һûԺȶѰЩ˻ָʲôĸܡ
˿еЩʲôȴ־ٶҲ޷ֲ
СԱߣʵݸԼһԲ˫
֣صĽ鲽ͬСһͬ˽ȥ¸ССһʯͷһ˵һʲճ
СڴϣȻڣҲ֪ʲô͵ҵĺ˰ɡ
ǰЩұ㿴ͷҿǻɽĶǶ
ҵĺӳڼĸտʼʱǸʱӻܰׯڿգʳ۸ҲԽԽߣܶ˱
ʱٵһȣȵ͢ͺˣһȱȵڣҪôҪôʣҲˡ
û֣ڶûԱûˣٸżʩ࣬ԸԼŶҪι
СЦһ˵˵࣬ɲסֺȻ뵽̰еˣ̰ҹٸĹϵǽܣ㲻ٶ˵£ֻǰ
ٸÿնʩ࣬˺ֻιԼѪɼʹ廹ԽԽȥ˺ͺӶҪסﻹӣֻܲһ˵Բԡ
⻰δҪõӦ
ǸˣǵôǰĶ飬ҪȥģҪȥġСһֱظ仰֪Ұο˵ԼΪ
޷Ϊκۣһ뻻ԼĴҲ֪ѡ
ľ뻹˻ȥһδ˵ĬĬӹԶԶһˣС˵лӣӽŮֻݵĿ
һ˼һĽŮûС
ǲٿתȥ
*
˿̵ĽҲ̫һȫȫǲ̫ܣһ·Ϲ򲻿Ʋ⽭Ǻ
·ЩΧסҶס
ǻɣɵ˽֪£һʧְ˵ƾһүԲڱš
˵ڶգҲסȥ˹ٸ
ţү鷿дһ⼱
үͷһյѣճаʩ̯ӣ·һʱ񼷵޷ֻýӸСˣѡС
߽ȺŷеĲԣЩ֮ǰ·ϿʵԶ
˵Ǵֲ£Щ˵࣬Щϸϸȴп֮ӡ
߹żмתͷ֮⡣
һڷȺ˵ڣ񣬿ɳЩһݹᾣնľͬľһȫȻƻˡ
ǰˣҲ˵ɫ󣬲Ƕ˺ܾõӣοʩಢԵö༤
˶ӵȴǾȻ򣬸߳ɤӽкֱٱ£ݵһϷ
ĸ޲òʡЩЩ˵úܡ
ȺֱߵٱǰʢͰ£Ⱥƺһ룬ָֻ֮ǰ֡
̾һǺݣ룬˿̹ٸҲ׼ȥ
һתȥƹֺ󣬸ȥ
ɳȴǽȻͬīԷͷһȦδһһҹ֮Щ˾˼
ЦʾīԷųŸ뼯֣һټĽܱүܵͰһ㡣
뽭ԶҲһʩӣȽΪʩ̯ǰֻվԼĪʮˡ
վڿջĴǰ¿ýȫ۵ס
ϸˣвûСĸȻУֻһˣδŮ
ʩĹٱżŻ̸ཻ֪˵ЩʲôǵúôЦΧⰲİԵø롣
̶ЦʶսαָһУ͵¡
ĿҪ֮ʣЩٱŶ·ΪҪʩֻ࣬ƿӣͰǰ˻ӣǰܿƵʿˮŵЦЦ
ǿ˵ĿǲЩһҪӣʵȤý˵գһôЦ
ЩϰΪҲ˵ֱ㶶ǰķͰǵͷŵ档
˷׷̧ͷֻһʮģվ¥ϣ俴š
Ƽɫٱһ˸Ҫƿڴȴͬ£GƼͬԼ̰һġ
һԼ̰һӱ㲻˵ͬЦЦȥ
Щ˶ûҵ֧˵úңֻռͷҪǮûǮҪȨûȨԴ̰䲻ؽݱϹϾȴҪֵġ
Լ̰֪ļҴЩǷͷʢƷǷԼḬ̄
˵λȲǣǼܲסǮЩĵôһʡ
ʱһȥֱյѵٱĥĥվ׼ʩ࣬£͸
һֱ̣˻δǴ˿ݣŲŵǴҪҵϢݾߡ
ۼſʼʩ࣬ŷԣЩվδ룬ֽӹһױź
ʢ࣬˵ˮҲΪ
˫ۣһһα¶ת߳š
ܲôˣ޷ۼԼܿ໹޶ԣҹǽҲգùܡ
߳ȴӦ£Էƺͼͼ嶯ǹٱһ֮⡣
һȺں֮ڣһ˵ȻҲԡ
˵գӦֱ߳ȥͽӦһ
ں֮ڣӦĸ֡ǰһȺżҫûа汾ķ˻һ
ںУЩƺûʲô𣬽һˣĵ
ôأʲôأһͭΪˣǲҲͬЩ˲ûʲô
û꣬ǲῴһۡ
л˵
СʹԸҸ


29 
źԽԽ, ٱǶһۣʱҲ߲ơ
վľͰǰͰˮ, , ô, ֻͰ͹ô
Ȼʩ, Ϊβֻ̨һľͰˣ
ЩٱѺ̻֮ӣδᱻʦһʱԭء
Ӧ, ɫ˲, ĿˣȻǲǷһСС̻֮ӻ˷
СĪҪ¡˵գߺһλ
һλ, ٱƺʶǰ·˺һ, ˽
ʩĹٱףװֶˮһ·ϰΪ, ʪһȴ˫Ҫٽһס
ǹٱ, Ŵ߿߿һһ綨õĹ, һҪˣ߿, ﰭ¡
ִ, һվľͰǰ, ǹٱȥȴƲٱ״׷ǰߣӾҪ֡
ǰɫˣɵһƬ鲼ŵİ׹ǣɽϳƬʯѡ
ӺվŰ£ٱһƣȴϱץסһֱϥֱֱȥ
һȺٱǼ״Ҳٹ壬Ĭתͷݺݵؿ
Сǻˣ֪ߵغ֪˭𣿡
˭Ҫ󲻹һȺС󣬽ŵ׵һ񡣡
˻һ˻ðɣѰʲô̰ȴ⣬ҪǰëͷСһѵ
˶ڣɺȴû⡣
Щ˴żеĹϵı˸ְûʲô湦򣬼֮ÿֺ类ɫͿգǿиɲΪ塣
غ㱻ͨͨڵءѵɻʧ棬˶ʱ߳ŭ˾ݻĶӡ
кЩʧ϶һֻǰȱȥˡ
ΧռŹٱȥһѷ伷Ͱǰ忴ľګ˿ȴóһ򵱹Īƣ֪ʱӻͳһֱҨһɱȥ
ллҪʣ˿̿ıӰȴҲûţĬĬԶ
౻ҨΧ˱һɢ뾡뿪Ƿ֮ء
ûڵȣбֻһͷǷһѡ
ԶŲٱúܿ죬δʵʵѺߡ
Ӧվڴǰһȴδж֪г㣬ҪֻҪϡ
ȻͷſջķֱֱӦߣƺġ
Щ˲δѺΣֻǽű㲻ˡ
˲ãλٱһع˽էһۣϳǰ֮ˡ
Ƕϵĵܵܣմ״ʡȴûϳŲĿڶǰ߹ǰ
̫֣⽫۾øСϷ̫ʦϾǶ˼棬һӱľϵ֬Ż
˻¡ǹٱ˳һӲ١
ǿһˣǹٱסβ˵
û˸ԼƣֻÿڣЩƢҲ㵱Ź͢٣ϣӱ٣ֻŴǰԼҵҲ̫ðˡ
и䣬ϵĵֻܾ֪ܵЧûõģ⻰ŴԼ̰һˮ
վǲҲóӱܲݲ¡
㶼δǰ˵ЩʲôҲҹ򣿡
˻һһǿǺүˣɷӶҲ㾩һԺգſȴѵʲôԹ
ߵĹٱʹ˸ɫٱ״ӵＸ䡣
ƣ̰ϣд˷ѵǳţ»ô
ƿСĪҪʹվҲҪű񡣡϶վŵ̰˻㿴Ҳ١
վŵǺĹһ֮֮ϡ
뿪ڣȴһǳ⣬
˴ǣץס죬һѽק£ת񣺡μƽǧǧǧǧꡣ
˷׷һʱһƬ
·γѣǰ֮˵ĳƺʱ̱ڵأ֮ǰڳ˵ڴҲù¡
ĸףǲǾɵۣԽԽ£ֻýץס½ǡ
ǰֱȵףﲢһ£֮»ûüĿ˼Ǳ߲ðˡ
˼ˣ׼ȷˡ
һɣأѽ֪꣬鲻õ
һɿ쿴һ۱㴹Щί
Ȼ֪ʵ޹أڻɵλ꣬һдȨУ֪£Ҳ͸¶һ֡
תһ룬˿ҲЩôǲ֪Ҳ֪˵ڻֵȴ֪֮£ʧְ
ǧӾĪ֪·һ
ʵڲ֪ĸլһ·ֵ֪ͣ˾ڴ˴ǰ̽Ϲڹ˵֮£һ·ţȴ֪֪鲻һ˵ᶫ·һʡ
Ҫγ֮ʧְΪɣȴ֪ʵ
ɫĪһԵԼҲѱȻķ֣һѱһعǰץסȣ£⽭֮޹ذԶھ֪ʲô빫
ؽţȴϱøֻա
Զھ֪飬ڽ֪٣
Щԥ⡭
֧֧᲻˵װͣȻ㲻֪飬ҲӲˣˣһߡ
ʱ㼱ˣҾǸСң޸ΪޣΪһҲˣ֪мֱ£˸ҲˮǴߡ
λҲǿĹϵģҪ˵гϢģǰһѪ
ǰ;Լǰ˵ιԼҲܰģϾδ̰
˰Σҧҧͷ΢֪࣬һ֪޲ԣ빫д¡
ɨ˹ڵϵһۣ˵ͷߣ߳⡣
·˵ϵĿջ㡣
ջͷʶΪͬӦˣʵӦˣ
ֵԾˣӦɽʱ㡭ʵһ·ͬһôûĵԵüУһʱ侹˲𱰡
ûð㲻ԣ˵ͷǣͬһĽ
л˵
϶˯ҹСˣʺµ


30 
˿Ķǽ֮, ĻעõС˼
鲻ѣΪʲ촽, ¾ס˵
, ˵ĻЩ, Ҳļ, մˮ֮УΪ͢٣Ӧͬһӡ
ǵ˵ͷȴ룬ͬСʱ֮, ҪʱǱ, ò˱ˣӲŵıǰû䡣
²ߣֻԼûƼ߻ظá
˿д, ݲɨһۣкȻֵ, պã¸Ǵնǰլ
ֻȥ˿ջͬӦ, ˳뵭͡
˴ǰΪ̽, ڴ˾˵˵
˾˿, ӲͷҲأνűź, ߵī
˿ԼԶȥıӰ, ֿ˿ߵī, °ƽǰ飬ɵõͷⲻīڴ˴
˿ҪǰȥӦ֪˾Բһ
ǰͷǵ˿Ҳһͷˮ˾żȥô
ջʱԶԶƼţƼӰæǰ
ūʧְûбùŸ˿ɳ֮
ߣΪ֮ǰ˵Щʲôֻ˰֣ͷϸ˵
ƽʱܲ˵˾˿̺⣬ֻӦ
ز֮죬ô㼤
ʱҪӦ𣬵δش𣬵ߴһͳӦ
뵭һۣ֣ǰɽԺʱӦжĽ飬˿̾һ̬飬治֪«ʲôҩ
ͣ½Ųͷߴ٣߰ɣĪҪʱ
֪ӵʱǰδн飬ô˿̾Ȳ
΢ɼĽӲһ룬ַƵﶼѼǰɲһơ
⻰˵֣ϸЩ̱֮⣬ɻ˵ģǳĶ˷֪񣬺ֻԼࡣ
ӦͬһĮȻʱŷ鲻ԡ
ûǰж༱Уھж䵭ֻ˺Ȳһ仰Ҳ˵ѵþ˿ɫ
лҪӦ˵ʾʾֻǵ͵ӦһȻ²ؼŲ裬Ҫ⡣
޷ֻǿԼǰڸмߵĳˣתͬӦ˵
֮£ƱҪ鲻ϣվҪ뿪˵´ˣúɡ
Ӧ뿪ڣȴס硣
δ¹öµİãǹˣβժĿʾˡ
˻һӦۿɼį٣ֻǱἰ»ǸƢӣ͵Ҽһȴ˰̣δŴߡ
ǲͬ˵˵˰ʵǾΪµĽŰʹһţʾסڡ
ǰ֮δһ㣬ǿ˿ڣǰĻ𣬷ݾ𺣣¹ӳġ
һ㶣Ӧûͬϸ˵˼һǰеĺ档
ɽԺһ̫أӦһܵĴ²٣ǰܵƣȴԼ֮󣬿ɼܡ
ۼ̫񣬺ɿһ˵ʱˣҲˡ
˵գҪȥֻȻ
Ӧ״΢΢һЦƽΧֱлͬ˵
֪뽣ֻһĶкλҪ˵ϸϸǶ˴ƣôӦԿЩǵؿ
ĶдˣֲɵӣȻһһ
ţϵı飬ͬԶĵ˸ƣصһǡ
ˣ֮¡
ģūȡϵ֮һǰ˳뽭ǡ
Ǳһпɻ׵
Ǳ丮ԭǸջѾͷŹ˵ԼԸߣǰøձ̧ҡ
ȻǸǱֶΣЩʱֵĳ谮
ԭ뽫͵Ժַߣ֪г㡣
ίˣ³֮Ӻúֲ
ּٺãҲڸǲҵʵѧֺУճԾɫǽ˭˼Ҿ硣
ū֪˼ⷨӣֻһ˵³֮Ҫȡֵ
üһ»δ壬ζδ֪ɷǶƷٰܻҲ޷˲ʱֻº顣
ֽеڵ񣬡ܳһݷû׼
ŶӲòΣɽ¥
Ժߺڵ𽥱ýţָ˴ǰǰЦģ˿ʲͱ˵ģ
ܺ°ɣӦȿڴƳĬ
˻ʵûͷûԣжǺ˼
УĻϻʺ׿˵£϶£÷˿ɱȡ
˵Ļ᧿Σοм仹иӦ
һֱ֪Ƕ˵Ĺϵһҹ֮䣬˱޷̸ĺѡ
굽˴ɽԺ뿪󣬻ӦĶ࣬ƫ̹̹к˽顣
ǶʱᵽеĵһδܸУףǼͬеٮٮߡ
ˣûӹֻҪӦڵĵطˣ֮޷
֪һӦֱ֪ãֻһ֣ͿԽ񶨡
㣬ҵһʶҵˡ
ⶼǴǰӦһ仰š
ʱǨ¹νгǸֻЩ˼˵źãҪ˷ִ硣
δӦǰĲͬȴһƣӦ躹Щ̰꣬﷢չĵزɲмĻɡ
˿̺µ˲ӦûеŻ̽ǴǰӦʳĻ
ȻȻζǰСֻᵽѵõĴܸУӦ޷ԽĶ󣬲Ż·ٴС
ʱˣ㲻¹ӺˣԵƷǡ
Ӧδڣͷбڽ£ֻһ˶ţŲˮ֪ʲô
ż̸ǺҪˣӦУӴ̨ɿȴ̧֣ժ£ȻһĿȫǵ
ϰ̺ۣûһǺõġ
˰¥ϵĴ̨ȴٳٲӦӰֻĴߴ̡
תɲǣ߳һӰźԽԽԶֱתֽʧ


31 
·һׯ, 뵽ʲôԸһתͷȥ
׼˸, Ҳûǿи, īԵʾ֮, ⲽ, ߱ߵȡ
˩ڴͷ£ֱСȥ˵طžԡ
СǰԺΧһȦˣӣЩлŹ, 嵲, ˽룬һʱսš
Ⱥ֣ϡ仹ǰ, ôڱ㲻ˣ˻ôԣ
, ɱװʲôˣǰЩ㲻ȥɽˣϡ£Լҵĵ, 񵹹ˡ
˻ʹ, ˿̵ͷ, ֪η
ȺһģӳŰĿյ˵˾䣺С̿ûԹɽ⣬һҶûͽ, ǲǲ̫
ɻû˵, 㱻˴ϣʲôû, 㻰˵ɣҰˡɽϵĻѵûԣ
˵ĻǼĸտʼ£ʱСһϵССչš
ССɽԲʲôҲֵܷһ鲻С⣬̱ŮһȥҰˡ
ѳʱ˶һģ˼µԼֻǵ˵ˣҶԹ⣬ǻ˸λ
ųһŬ޷£ױ޹ҪĶοЩѾѡ˵ţѪ⣬˿벻룬Ǳ㶼ֻܻš
¡˶ҪΨһִ
һУӦøеŭȴеΣЩ˶֮ܳΪˣĹȥǻҲ
һȺ۲ݣȴٳٲκζ֮ǰСһתƼɵþ
Χ˳Ŀ󿴣Ƽˣʱɫ䣬ֿ󣬼ֻһˣ񾭱
˶һۣͳȻ˴ġ
һ۱ϳ֮ǰʩ̯ǰٱŵС磬֪ǣæǰסˡ
ôҪܣ֪ëͷСҲҪˣȻʮֲĶ֮١
ЩһסΣѴﵽ壬ҲûƼֹ飬Ҫú
в߿ž鲻ԸǶС̣ǱȫԸܲȫ˶ɣСС̡
һ⻰ԥˣֻ֪Щݣأһ˳ڴײһ⣬ֻܹá
岻ǰɢҪΧ
ǰļˣвţȷ˽һߵ̧ýʺɨұ˵Ĳ˲Ʒˡ
˼״Ҳ֪ǰ֮˲ǵ֮Ǻǵģ׷վԭزǰ
˿кȻһĺ׼̡
Сԭһ˳˽˼ں֮ʱ͵͵ڡ
æὣݣֻСסϵ̣뷽跨ҪлȰС첻ˣҴǰҲǰģÿ
Сʹҡҡͷǿеˮҧס촽ǲ˵һ仰
˼Ȱ׼Ӳνǰ˺ǳˡ
зһӱƤѪ˳Ž޷ֻúˣһۣѪɲ֪ҪԶٶܲһţһֱմѪҺ͡
һ񺮣ʶתͷϵСѹ̡
СЩԥѡźԹԴӴ
ǰϸ˵ĲӣֻǴ˿˫Ŀǲá
˿СýָŴˣ˵ҲǸǵģٸҺɱֵ
Ǻò׻ڣ¶ˣΪ˻ȥʲƼı£˿ּⷬ⺦£⡣
һ˲аƫҪǴëͷСӲأǴȻǵĹأǿŴıӻҲ˻رʱ򡣡
Цر˵ûʣɵȴҪ֮£˼
˱˵˼ȴ߳ܣֻû֪Ǻζ֪ǺζȻվ˵ۡ
ע⵽˺Ĳͬɫȳƣ㴩Ŵ鲼һƼ֪˼ҳ
εģΣܵĿԴͷǱǺؼңǶΣȴǡ
ǰȺɷҾ˵ҪԻΪʳȴ䡣
֮вÿ˶ǰЩһ㣬С̱Ϊر֮ˡ
ҲǴǺιأɱ˳Թ䡣
ȴ˷ľɱˣС̿ˣǲǿߵ̫ʹ࣬˽ˡ
ûУСȻ̧ͷǰˣ׺Ĵ
֪ʲſ޹Եʻ˿۾ͨ죬һһҧгݵûǺ⸱ģ
˻һ˶Щ飬ԭСȥһľ룬ȴ˶ϣ͵͵ʹ
ʹˣһˤǲɣسٳٲ𣬱˱̧ߣȴ巢֣˻
Щ书ƽڴߣ˱һͷɽʵڶܣһ书ǿ˫ȭѵĽţѵסǣ
ôһ룬׳ŵСңȴײϷĲµ壬֮ǰһĻ
ֻŻǰѶһ̶ȣ˵мͬ飬ôЩ޲ɱ֮졣
С˿̲Ų֮ǰ֪꣬ȫ˵˳´粻һֱ֪ɩɩûô
ԭ˺̲Ⱥվǰ棬в²ȴ̲סʵ⻰ʲô˼
СĿת֮ǰˣָһָ
Щ飬Ʈȫû֮ǰŵģ
´һĻв׵ģʱȥסĲӣŤ˼ֻýС̵գŶȥ
ǰͷڵһۣ˵Щʲôû˵ڡ
ȺȥڳװֻСصĺ鲻ƽ
˵ͺһ˲佫˵ע˹ȥСſǰҪĻȴȴָָ
æǰס֣ȴסһɲǲɵһ٣˫ֲĺۼһ˿¶ȡ
˳Сַںϣһʽ
Ȼڵģһչ˺Сġ
˼ѵص˵ͷͶ˶ȴû˵ֻա
СɫݣΨһ˾Ҫ뿪ˣѸߣǳ£Щһֱܺ£ĳȻһ
һ̼ǰδеĿֻţ˿̵Ĵͷȴһѱס
оõڲȴδһ˿ֱϦһĨ͵£𽥱䣬ſ޳ȴ͸¶ʹľ
л˵
֪СӦøɶգһֱСɶóˡ


32 
ʹ󲻵òԲпʵĥ, ̽ڣС֪ѹ, ܸ, , Ҳ˼Ϊ
һӵĲǻ, ҪŹͣ鼸ǲܣָЩ˸ɳʲô¡
ο˽СиӦ£ǶҪ, ִⰴŹֻµ鲻ʱ䡣
Ȳ, ܿѵİҲȲã޷Ÿ£ֻǲ֪С롣
С޹ˣҲ侲, óлŵһ鲼ϡ
æ, ȴֵסˣ, ա
ѭ, ˡ
һ, ֻĬĬ󲢲˿˵ٶҲá
żż, ˼龰Ҳ׷˺, ȴһ˿֮ͬɫ
Ǻϧ, Żһ˸ֱԵСûĵľ֪жºˣ˶ˣô
̵£˿˿̱̲֮סһֻƴ˵ĺ˱壬ԭز˵
ҲɱΪ㲻ѽ£Ҳˣ´μɲһѽˡ
価ɱ⣬źˣ̱ڵء
Сȴһ޶ãͷǰߣ˲æǰȥ
ɽŻ򸱹ײĻ˶ʱ䣬Сҡҡͷ
һѻ˰ɣǾûͷ
վⱣֵľ룬ǲ˿˿̵ѹ
ʰɿݵ֦ػһһˣֱݳһµƽֽ̨ȥ
ӻóһʱĸģ뻹ǵݸС
СеһûӣеĹ˲Уһۣ۵ĵ롣
ʲôģת̲֡ӣȻֻЩ
һУվ˺þãŸȼ֦һһ˵һš
Сվغס֣ʵо˵ȥ𣿡
һֲԾػգ˴˿ƺ⽻յ˫ᵽ˴˵顣
û˵С֪һʲô
˿ɽҰž⽥Ϩؼ·ֻһɫ⵹ӳС
룬˿ӦüǾɵۣǲ԰εɽԺǳµĻС
ɿǰĺɫ鲻Խ֮侰ɽԺĹˡ
˵ȥȻһ𣬿˭˵ûȥҪԼȥ
ҲãǴӡӦĸ󡢻ʽ㣬۵ʱڳûһĴɽѳĳһǳС
ʱʧȥǸʹε£ѵؿԼг롣
û˵ŻϨСǰһѹǻңߵ˼ͷҪתȥ
Ƭأû뿪մһԶĵطȥҲùһӡ
ɽȥԶԶƼһȺɵڵأ¿һˣ
ôһҪȥôáĪֵкɵüȥһ˻ظк
δĻֻ﷢˺¡
ָָ˩µЩɲ֪Ҫ˭Ķӡ
⻰ʲô̧ɨһܣǶСҵȺˡ
תͷȥ󻹿һˣǱΧŹ·˺ϡã˺ۣ˿ѵ̧һֻסͷϵ˿ڡ
߽һŷִ壬Ȼʲô΢΢һ͡
ϵãһδʱɶ㻤һж࣬óЩ书ӡ
뱻֤ʵȴ֪ΪҪ˵СһΪŴǰĶ飬Ǵ˿Ϊʲô
ΧĴǲע⣬׷ܣ֪ǿӲͷһҲ
תԺֻ£ɶͷϵѪҺ£ۡ
ǹ˿áżֿŵĲ
Сǰ̧ϵѪȴһƵڵء
ǹ˿ã˿ðֻ߲УֻоĹ˲Уüһһߣ𽥱ü
źǰһҪסȴҡҡͷ
⼸仰㲻ٿڣֻԶҴСȥ˿֪ʲôɽڽĵؽ磬ֻͬ󡣡
һ°˿̷·κֻǰӵһһϣ־ǿߡ
ǺˣСһңЩҶ㵱ٱȴܺ˵ĳЩݵģȻǸˣǰҲھд֪Щٳϵ¡
ͬЩ˲һҲԼĪ֪˴˴Ҫʲô
ͷϵѪǣһĨȥϵѪ͵ЦСûгԵģֻܺǸˣȴҪëѪĹ
죬ҪЩʲôǴ˿ȴʲôͽȻ
ΪβЩһ죬ұ㲻ľΪʲôҪڸϣأ
ͷѪһ䣬ϣУֻһɫӡӡ
ȫѪָ㷴Ӧʶȡͷϵķһͷȴ˿װ
òοĺһһأ㷢ĲԾѯʣȴֱֱһĵñһ죬ֱͷѪģ
Сȴ䵲סʮͷߵãſڣ˿С˻ķϣϧС˼еŮֽڿǸɻĺ֣ù˰
㣬˷𣬵ͷӦˣ֪еĺӣҲɸһߡ
ͷظЦЦ
СҲܸˣһ뿪ٺò£תк˸ϣЩ·
ȴ˸תȴһ죬תͷһ徹Ѱ̼ѡײ˽Լ
ۼ忿𽥵£˭죬ǰסֽŻס˿ڡ
죬۾ӵ·
һ֮ǵڶΣظ֪ǰ֮˵ȥ
ഫСĿҲ̽ıϢ̾һҡҡͷ
ǿùС̵ӣһϵѪֱӱѪҺʪ
ز˿Щԣİοȴ̧ͷ˫ɺ۾ԼһһٵǶ
̧𽥷£˿ޱظܵεɱ⡣
е˭
׼ɽСţȴסȥҽӽӹ
˿ЩаοĻ˵ڣȴתĵؿ
磬һ˳Ұı㾡ʵˡ
л˵
лÿһλղصĶߣҵĵһ飬û뵽ôϲˣ˵Ǽٵģͬʱ֣̿ܺûдﵽǵԤڡλʲôõĺĽ鶼һ᲻ϸĽģһʱܻvϣжϲ
лϹ


33 
˰ź˵ȥҽ, ԺⲢδȥźʲ˵Ļ
ҰģԼǵҰ, ˿̱ἰֻĴ㵡
ЩСĳﻮչ¶, Ҳ֪ԼЩк, ˵û, ˴ν֮±õĻᡣ
˰̣СŴŮ߳۾ͨǿ޹
Ǹᰲο˵ģΪ˵ֻѡ죬ɰͰ˵˾䣺߰ɡ
СЩ, ߵҲʼ, ˿һߣһӲǱ߳ľŵļơ
ͷֻۣǼģ˿ͬȡů֮ʱ, һȦڶοϤԺ䣬ûסʵ֪ôӺ·ɽ
еź, ãС˶ίһͷ, Ҳ·ֻͷװͰҪ, ʲô
ʱ, ˱鶼, СǺ޲ýԹд, ʱʱһۡ
δ, ̧ŮͷСЩ̧ͷЩ¶һЩһͷ⡣
ȥɣδĺ»⡣
ñǰȴס֣˱ţ֮ʲô̧ͷǳ΢ЦĻȣӶᡣ
Ц͸ż֮⣬ü̧֪з˺¡
Ц㲻ЦİοŻ̧
ϴ˻һӻң游̵ȥ˼ǵҪЦҪģôȴԡ
ԼǲҪģ󲻹游ȥˣûС
ֲ˲ϵĻҳ¶ǿС룬ʱƼҲһš
游ָָǿλöһ
˻ȴһ˼游˵һҪ취Źߣǰ꣬һݣֲϵĻңЦñʲŸá
游˵ǸˣһߣһôʹôʹǡҹҪźţҲԸ⡣
ģ˿ϱøɸɾЦøÿųĹܰЩߡ
ҲдģȻЩ֮٣ֻС͡
ԭأ֪Ϊһ·ϳĬԵŮô˵󵨵ĻĶǺ֪ЩĲ֪룬ֻøɿΡ
ŲʲŵĶЩأ˿װ磬ȴȥСʵʧ
۵׵Ứְ̧һֵַˣҲûǸ˼ҲĪ˵һЩԼ֮û˵ǼģԹ԰˲㡣
ǰ֮ˣδĻоЩ֮С
ԴӼ֮󣬳еĹԱ˵Ϊˡ°ܻž죬»ʾͽ䡣
ԭǲŵģǴδɹаŮ͵֮£ַֹԼӣͷһпѽǳܡ
˺ⷢһУԭе뷨𽥱ҡⲻƭǵ˵ǣԱǵĻӦ飬ݽ棬޷⡣
ȴͬ˵ûڻںÿԼһΪš
ǰŮϱ任ɫ׼룬ֻò⣬ݸһͯǴϵģӦǵܵܵ·
ȥɣȥ游һаǱҪ뿪
ͨʲô࣬һӦ£ǰߣСȥʹ࣬Щϰ֮˽ȥԵʣоŽã˿Ҳһһߡ
СҲǰ˴һջѡͬһ𻯡
æǰæ󣬺ԶԶվŲǰš
ĸ֮ӣΪ֮ԶΪŮ뵽ó·
㿼ǵˣŽ룬̧ͷ
˼˿ҲΣȻһ֮
ȻЦɵһȻһжڸסк˿̿ѡΪ룬ǼǰǸʲôûеˡ
磬Щ游ǰװҲ࣬԰ɣЦЦȴһʹ
ͬһҰĲ֮ˣ˺ʲô
¾˺ˣٶҲеƷǲдƷ
֮Ĺ⻷̫ʢ;Ի͵ʱ̣˾ڻʬǶҲȴֻǿС
ֻӢţڿഫֽ˵컨׹·һ㣬˱Ҫصȥ
˻ԳԽ˸޷Խɽǣ˽֮Աȡ
Ҫȣ׵壬֮δʱֲŻиΪܵ侰ĳ
ʱѱȾڶѫȨΣϿһͨҲֻСҵŮ
һ˵ǱֱӽӾϲȦ߳ˣȴ֪侰ǸǽģûϢӵܣΨۡ
֮֮ڳְҲеֵܰţүԴϽ֮¡
ϲҵĴΪҪڽһڵȦ̸ף֮ǰ˭Ҫ֡
ȴܿվȽŸһֻ֮ĻǸС˳£ֻ֮仰ˡ
֮λֳи֣ܾ֮ˣȴһδαȵıȽиеܡ
ȡ֣֮ƺǱ֮˵Ӱӡ
֮˴Ӱ㳯ֻŵķչ֮ΪҵĵȻȻվҵĶ棬֧־ɵ۱
쳣ŭŭȴҪܣĹߣʱȴĻ̿С
ֱɽԺһ𣬺ܶ鶼ˡ
ԼԼò躹ޣʱһȱȵڡ
ЩǰҪȥԼڹٳų켺ЩˣϿĻҪࡣ
ֻһǱӭȢκνչ
̫ϻۣһ˿һƺֻܽƭԼʱԼɻǵϷ
룬㷢ҵ˼ֻƾо򵥣Լû֮Ӱ̫
ֻУҪ˼룬֮Ѿ̽ԺУôΣɿһһٶڡ
ˣɴɳ޷԰ε£ĸһ֪¡
ҰѴӲһ£ɲؽ֮֮¡
л˵
ϲرˣԼûΪԼϷأȲ


34 
ɽּ, ֮Ŀ͡
㿼ǵʱ䲻ˣ磬жδᷢ, , һֱ躹ֻʱ, ú롣
С, ʾǿЩûٵ飬ķ
ˡڣٿǣ˵Ķ, ǰһǿ̫, հǰ˺ŴδʱΣҪͬվһġ
֪һҰĵ˶ϲǰĻᡣ
һ·Уһּ󲿶ӻ͡
߶, ǰѯʣȴסԶЩ
оɵµİμ, ߣ˻׷վ
һֻ, ˼״Χס, һ, ֪˺£ֻÿ
ЩǾɵ۴Ӿе, ѵųİ, ӦĵһȺ, ȴ˲
Щһֱڽ£ƽƽ·һġ
칧ػعĻȵ۵ķԸڽ˿Ҳ֪ϡ
µĵܵܣǰĴƺмƣһܵҲڰ֮С
˵˵ͷָˣɨһ˵ҴǰΪѿɭϣϢʵѣͻڹ
һ࣬ȴֻм£ǰ񻹱ڹ
͵̧ͷ⣺ܣ֪Ϣһֵݳȥģ޿ܳأӼĿʼ֮ʱÿʮյһϢûд©
ȷа̾ʵûǣôϢ͢һ˿ӦӦ뵽Ƿ˲ӣȴܲ½̬ص˵ز
屾ѿڶȴͻȻʲôָԶ˵ǣ
Ƕ˴˿治ɫֻ΢΢٣һ۱Ƴвԣ¡
˶ʱУ˿̳ڱѵŭУǲ֣±㽫Ʒ
üɫ䲻̫书ȴһһĺá
˿ѹ˲úڳ֣һˬҪϽһţֻּ
ֻýͣ屾뷴ԼɲˣǸСأЩ˵Ļʵڲֻͣ¡
˽˰˵ɣǶ˾ʲôϢ
죬ǲ𣬺嵶һͷء
һ˾Ǵӵɽ߳ҲЩľ˿Ϊζ˵ƽЩڳˣкȻعĻ
ϻδ˵꣬һѵ˵ˣֻһΣûϧǾûˡ
䣬һһͷأ˿ּ侲ˣȴûһӻͳһ͸ѪҺ˲
֪Щ游ʰ˲£ǵѪӣҲΪǵģ˭й˭ٵ£ʼҶǵá
µ˶ѷ٣䲻ʲô٣ǿྡ룬ҲУʲô˼˲£ͬ˶ˡ
֮зֱ棬˵벻˵ãǲĵ³֪ЩŸԼһ·ͬ˵۴ǰ룬ֻһ·ߣǱЧҡ
΢΢ֻսοЩ书ǿһ˷ģǽǱ׶༪٣ĵûǻֵܶһ
Ҷ鷢չĺ˳ͷ£Ը׷湫ǡ
˼״׷׹رʾģһһЦ
Ϣ丮ʱ˻ܣƽһʱֱ
ʲôڻʹúôôôܵҵĵˣĪڲƭҡ
ǰС֮䣬·ֳһ㽫Ϸһ˵˳
װ磬ͨƾǵԶԶƽãû㵽ˣ˽šֻţǵδ̽һū
һ亹ĹԱǵãľ˾ˣЩݹϵҲٺô
֪䲻̫࣬ôһǱ˵Ҳ㹻ֵ
Ǹͷ»û̿㽫еµһɶֶɱģ˵벻˵š
ο˻ľ˾ˣһ룬Ҫȥ˵ͷӼᶨ
һ˳䶨ҲҶ˵ʲôѵҪΪ˸ݵ΢ľ˾ô
ԽԽǸһʯľ֮£ů߳϶˲٣Ҳúú
СᣬֻȴмԥүǱߣ
ҵʹˣܲЩСȥ
ͶһһȫȻûע⵽е½С˹š
½ڣƽ֮Ƿʲô£
½ļϵǵó裬ͷһѹȥʻûаֲ͡
ȻǰӣֻƵ£ǸŮ˼ңֳʲô
˻ȴǵ½ﲻ죬Ů˼Σ㰴ĵǸŮ˼ˣ
˵գתȥֻһִ죬һֺõȣһ仰ǵˡ
ȴ½һǣûͬᲢۣҲǸջѾͷģͬȣ
Ǻȴû£⻰˵ĽҲſڣ챿ûͬ˵ľˣһô
ۼ½ﻹֻý˵ɲ֪ƽǺˣ걻µ۵ĹϵŻؾ
˻½ע⣬չü֪ⷬ˵ˡ
ƽû֮ǰܳģ֪Ϊα᣿
ΪΣ
ȴ˵ҪһڲſϽ˵½ºȻûвϵĵ
߹ûʵǲ֪ߵغǷСڽϿһҪؼңǹȴ֪Ȥƽײ
ƽ˵㽫СӳѪٵӣʱŲʮһ꣬˺ݶ
½ͷϥϵ֣ɫ΢ʵˡ
үոմӻ¥ƻûѣƼǹò⣬־ҪǿϣȫȻ˽
ధȴǸΪĶԴС˱ŶΧһȦǵֻʣ£컯ӽ£˻Ƶȴ˸ҹܣֱƽĳ֣¡
ô˶ƵһȻǲܰ䲻ԺգһۣҲףǱ㲻ܲܣ׿ν֮٣˳ޡ
Ҫ˵ƽҲӦãǷүԩ޳𣬺ιһ⡣û֮ʱĿˣֱղ鲻áȺֻƾˡ
»Ͼ̻Ҳ޷ˣɷܲô³
ο˵ʵڲãײϾɵֽĵڣʱѵĲеЩСҲΪ塣ҷͷʢɵһȨ⣬طû͵Ļᡣ
ֻǴ˻ȴö½˵ģ˻ᣬֱȥү
Զ½ţ¹гСУóֽдʲôڻУ˽ȥǰԺ


35 
ү˿ѿ챻Т, ĸտʼʱҪ龩ǣε֪żĲ, Ҳ˼ֽ, һֱ´¡
쵽ſ, ǰȥŻûϢ, ¹ػ輸գ˿̱ͼƵġ
ƽߴŶˣȥЩʲô
ּЩ᲻صĸⲻ¡
үΪ£԰, дһڽտӱȥ⸱, ׼
֮Ȼǽƾұܰ쵽ģҲģһȥǱܣһ¶ˡ
ԽפɰŰ˲, Ͽǰʱкɧ, űΪɣžɵɱפڴˡ
ɵŽǿϷŹĻ, ֮ǰȥ, ȴ֪ñ˿, ھаŲԼˡ
ǽһװ, ˾ӱسǵ, ɵ볷ѱɲ, Ҳʱɵᣬ֪Ϻ򽻵ö೤һۡ
ķ󣬰Ѱϣ˿̾ӱõеĳì׷׶׼գһǱʧȥ
˶ɽö֮㶼ʵԶ
үֵֻ֪£滹ܱһפ°¶ˣǱǼͷҲġ
ȴϺһеפӪ
֪ĹԱϵ¶ҵӡ˵ҲˣǾһ¡
ݺ󣬺һ·ͨ˽ʡ
һλҲڣ˿ɫ̫á
ҹ߶ţǵüλ죿
ҡͷƲң˴ǰΪ֪ʱ˶丮žͻϢ㲻ͬȦӡ
֮ǿνǡͿ๦ߡǵүˡ
æ£ʱ⸱ŴӴ٣˽ɫ
⸱һ֪ϢδżС͵͵쿴֪˲Ҷפŷ
֪Ѿ¶־ֻи粫һҲֺֻܹ֪ߵغ񣬽һ˱ʦ
һɱ¶ģ֪Ҫ⣬˵ܵϽǻԵɺϡ
úõļƻңɵ䲻òһȴʲָһפ죬ֻ£ϿϷȻҪã
ھвʵȨЩ´ɼ˿ֻ̹ȫȡ⸱ȻԸ
⸱ȴһ֮ǰģ¶Цգ¡
λ⸱ǰŲһ¡
һĻõϹŵĶһƣƽвɣѲ߶ֺã
⸱Ҳƣ³ƣˣŵֱֱ£һƾõӡ
⸱ɱţп׽Ƽۻˡ
˻һ⸱ʱûʲŵģӣھסš
ŴʱУ۳Ͷ٣¼ֲᣬһϱ㵽ڡ
⸱䲻ʲôֱ֮ˣȴӣи̣˿ֻܹԹ¡
㲻£ǱͲǶĹϵȫƾһ⸱ţţǸж롣
²⸱˺·ֻǶ˱ڹ
˿֪ɵ⸱˿ĶԶھ޶ҳͬ˵Ż
ǰռҵѧýѧ˵δĽϵܡ
⸱֪Ϊ˵ռֻ֪޶Ϣδüϸ˵ͷ
״Ƕ϶⸱ˮ˽ʼж⣬ɺǾɵˣҪ˿ŵĺϸĻ޷ֻùѵ
ҧźۼǡ
ȻŲ⸱һһбİţ˿̵һ㡣
װ֪ʵʲôĪҹ
˿̶һȴ˵Цˣнֻǡ
δ˵ͽкϣԲӣǽѷ⸱˵أ
⸱ЦаɭϣȻҹﻻֵĩȥҲýйġ
תͷĿԣ⸱գһ۾˫ۣпʲô
ɽֻʧδĻңֻӦ£һ˿ߡ
Ǿ˵ʮİգȥҲʲôС⸱תȥʱŲ˼֡
⣬ͺţֻһ£⸱ȴ⣬Ҫ˻ȥ
Ĳ²֪з˺£ԼΪǱ͢ˣԼҲˣֻ»ˡ
񱻸ֻ֪龪һЩ˷Щȴš
丮š
⸱˿һ丮ֱţ˿̺޲ýջ٣Ըӵȴ뵽ʲôС
Ұһ£д͵ҸϡָȥƸǺھȥĸ⸱תصС
лͬȥǰ콫˹ţǺʮеغŲ衣
⸱ķ·ȵףԽԵתؾԽС
ֵС»ҪԶţ⸱νǾְ˵㵹㣬ǽһһ˿ССͱ丸ɡ
⻰ǿˣ⸱̺в˿֪еΣֻ׸
幤˵ãȥаϲ˵Ҳǲôﾹһȵ޵գимź빬ס£ϲ꣬Ȼٲʹ͡
ʱһҪؽڹУפ죬ֻλ⸱Щвıĺ˲ò
Ǻ㣬޶СȫȻô
ӻóһţ⸱ɴϻۣϲϾ֮д֣ε֪ҪɱҵһŸ㡣
⸱ǲţ뺢ӼӲ࣬Ļ֪žǲǺдһЩŤǺΪĩһСȴʮ죬ǿϵ֡
ŷлһƽÿγǰ϶һöһͻȻûţַʽˡ
һһǰ⸱ǳģ޶гţĩǷĵġ
֪סˣЦվļıãȻҲġ
Ļһһ䶼в⸱֪з񻹵СĻţи̣¾޶ȫҪꡣ


36 
⸱֪Լ, Ψоֲܱס
ĩһ౨빫ˡ
ûӦ, һվͬ, ⸱ھһǿ, ǶĲ, ǵ빫֪˵Щʲô
Ļ˭ҪҲ⡣
ɣ֪⸱Ұ, ⲿ͵Źȥ, оܽһ
ǰҧĳκֻȤװȵһǸʵϵģԲǼ, ⸱𣿡
⸱ǸʵĴ, ֲܵ˵ƺֻ˵ǡ
عĻнʿ֪ǰлϲ쳣, ʧ˹, ĩѷԸȥýʿǺšǳԶ˾, ˵ź
̧ͷһۣŪϵĲյ, Ҥ, ټ, ȴó׵ĳд֪һʱ⣬˵ĶǶҲ
ɼ⼸ڽûպôȻû¿͢Ͱ⸱˵İɣȻرܡ
䲻ȴ磬޷޲ƽʱһ⸱
ˣ˶ȥˣ⸱лڱ˵ˡ
⸱ںվŵ壬˼Բɺȴû
⸱ʿɶֹɣڻǴ֮ûʸ
˵ߣȴܶģǽ֮¿żʡ
⸱֪Ҳ֮УδҪȥǰеŵں
丮ֱ֪ӪвڣҪ⸱˴ؽɱڽ⡣
⸱δüеݣҲܲ³һ˿̿ź治ɫģ²ɻѵвǰ㣿
ȷʵо֮е£֮ϲһҲº֡
Ż֪ЩϢõһţŵãȼ
⸱̽ſдǺΣֽȼδش⣬ֻһؾĸ⸱ھеСӦѲ㡣
⸱˼֮˶޷ص£ճŰյѪܲ׷ֻڻõǣסС
ǰʱ丮˲µĻԺ֪Ϥв룬˿ֻ֤
˴ԣ⸱֪֪¾ԱĻҪ࣬˿Ҳֻܾʵ档
عĩĩѬĹүĲԣɾнʿȥǲȫĩ˼нʿò޹ء
Źڵ֮ˣһ޹أ⸱˿̵ˣ֪˺αصˡ
˼ЩʿѾˡ⸱һһ棬ЩʿЩ˼ҵĺӣ·Ը
һȻǶŭ˼ҵĺӣΪ֮԰հε򣬽еȥ⸱
סŵĶЩӰ˼ңĿʼʱܳţ˺۷ǣ˼ɢҲƣű
ۼ˼ԽԽ̶࣬Ӽû䵽ڴǮ˲٣үᵽͷϣ˸ᷨӡ
ˣǱ٣ѰɱȻˡ
ɱ˵¸лɲˣǱܸɵѰ⸱Ҫˡ
һ̫үҲ˻ɣѭ򽥽İ죬˿ˣۼҪ¶һ֮ھȫɱ
үѰ˼ٰ磬ֲĴѰ֮ʱڳֻⷢδüʬ塣
Ǳػն⸱Ҳúúƣһе⸱㡣
˻ƮƮӺ˵ȴ⸱ЩǸĵ֣ʹʹĿɴ˿ȴ˵κλ
һ뵽Զھļˣ㲻κξٶ
⸱ˣ᲻Ϊɥұһŵԣ³֮սʿĹغǼˡ
Ǻòֻ⸱첻顣
ӭת⸱ȻԸģ仹ǱľֵǼĶ䡣
⸱ЦҪ˻öǰ֮˸ж£Ĳ¶ĵĸ֡
гǸֶΣʱԼһԭԺضΪ
ǰĺ˿磬侹ô˿վǰǾɵۡ
ʱҲȻӾɵΪһ׷Ķۿžɵ۽Ʒ·׳־տ֣СҳȻ֪ɵ۵ı֮˭
˽˵ɵΥ־ҪұϾ·ЩСǿŴ©ǵôŵġ
ҡβȥԼһǰ뷨ɵ۰ˣܵòҡ
ҲܵǣǶӵץˣֻҪأֱ֧ûһ³
ĸ׵Ϲ˫ۣΪĴտſ׼ҵĹϵżһ֮ҵһ
ٶ뱧Ȳϼ˵İΣҪ룬ûʲô𣬴ǰǾɵ۵ıǰ䣬ҡ
û־û˼룬ֻҪɣܻ
վΥᵽʱĸоͬڲ̸žɵ۰䲼ı
⸱ǰ˻֣֪ʱʲôֻе޶Ϊ֮İ£˿ҲԸ˵Щû
ǸˣڽЩغϤңҳŵ㣬֮¹ͣҿɱһݡ
⸱ĵ£ֻ»ˣ˳ŵŷ
ģĩ߾ȫһ֮
˿⸱û֮ǰвȵǸģмġ
ۿۣתȥлԸͣ⸱վĿͣתǻͷʱܿӰ
¶أ⸱ѵøܵ⣬תУŽ䰵á
룬ǺѳѾˡ
д֮ˣȴ԰ԸʹЩĻܾϲ̨£ɳ֮ϵĵ⽣ӰһııС
ۺСȴ֪֮ʱΪ˴ﵽĿЩֶأֻǵʤߣȴӮá
⸱̾һֻسŵסļˡ
˿ȴûӪֻһƫƧ֮أ͵
źӰæ߽ǰЦμĩ˵Ļ˴ˡ
˿ɱ⸱úŪĶ࣬ЦЦЩˡ
֪һĹ򣬺̬ôת֮죬˿Щԥ˿ĵ񣬲֪ûЩʲô
Īɵ˲ɣ㣬ο㼸䣬л
һȣֻһͷˮлҡҡͷʵ޶ۣ治֪ʱΪҪҲ鵽˵ز
Ǹɵģֱֻ˵㱾ҸˣЩŽλȴ⸱ѹסһͷʵί
˻һ˵Ǵ˻ϻӰһЩ֮Թ
һͷۣ˵ȴҪģֻ˵õ
˿̱иǰͿܲץסˡ
ʱϲæͷ빫ʾ
ЩҷԴݸĹϵˣǱһȥܱݸʳ塣
Ψһɹ֮죬߻Сٺʲ
ȴЩԥֻʵڲɵλʱΪ˱ݸ֮Ųùڣ¹ûʥּݸֻݸȼã򲻵óֽô˵飬һ±
ƽжأڹǰΥȻ֮¡
ʥּ֪ܲݸ֮ûнʳ֮£ûʥּǲð졣һͬǰȥа취
Ȼ֪Ҫʥּƫƫֵֻһұ㹻ͷۣʥּȥ͵ͬѸ£ֻ²գϢ㴫ˡ
֮Ĺϵ۸ӣǻعζ֪׼ɱӺʱ򹴽һǱѰˣɵ۱ǳĿ
ʲô취ƭҲҲգ֮Ҫ㽫ʳĺһ̱͵ǰôһӣúɡ
˵գȥ
ʱһ֮ãſ־ȼֻܽһʱ֮ռܲҪŹٸһֱȼá
۾Ӹ߲£ǵȥ֪ҪȵʱΨһⷨǱȥܱݸͼԴ˳ۣȼ۸֮±ðˡ
⸱ѾãСھֻ£ɳȥ
˳˾Ӫǰǣ񲻽⣬Ϊβ丮ŵ˻ֽջ٣ⲻץס丮ѱĺʱ
Цһûκ丮ӡǵżһС˾붨үǽ̫򵥣ð죬Ҳڽꡣ
ʲôʵ丮Ϣ
һУɵıϢ˵ֶɱġ
üɵıùܳ裬˽ܵҲ֪
Ҫȥ
ȴҡҡͷ˿ɲˣľ˾ˣٲϲ˾ҲЦţ˻͹ˡ
˵Ҳ֪˿丮Ǻ龰үҪΪеǷӡ
˿ЩѰүСãиҲ֪ǰ˵ʲô
ԭ뽫䰲ڳпջ˵ʲôҲ뿪벽˵ǵ˺ҪǱҪȵܷߡ
޷ֻô˻丮ɱŵָƼ
Сһ֪ģֱģΪҪ·˴丮
ϱСǲŲ·ˣſڱԼǶ˵ˣ˶ȻָǺһӱˣЩŵؿ
εĳԾ˲֪뵽δȥˣһʱٿĪ磬аʵ
үֵ֪Ĳŵ˿Ҳûʣֻٺ鷿һˡ
鷿ڡ
үҪ̽ʵ֮ȥ̽׿ɻʲôˣ
ȴ޴˱Ҫ˵䣬أܲܰԸǡ
һʵƽ˴ǰǶҲϵ㿴ָӦԣ
үüǲţˣԽ֮ȴ֪֮٣һʲǰŸֽô
յĹʹ˸ɫֻǸĵģӦ
һˣҿ˲ٽյĲҿܿƽȻҲܿ
ֻû˵үţ˻˵ĲƫУүҲ˼ΣʵƽǺ뷨
ƽ֪£˴ζб˾ѱƽ
˾˵¶ƽü˵ֲԾȭ־¶ڵһ
һĻָб϶֤վ״ưοϲյЩֻ
Ļ±ٳɣƽֵһ֧ӣ㲻Ҳ
Ŷ˹ϵѣпⲻ١
үûģöȻǴţСķš
ƽôͬһүֻ֪֣ͬһͬȥ֮ٱ㲻ö֪
˵ǻ丮ֻǲ֪ΪβӰŸүܾ鲻򵥡
˵ϲԾ¶ޣҪģֻ·һˣƽŵˡ
˻ǲ٣Ӧɲǹˣ˵⻰ް顣
үȴǲţƽɥڶҪ˼оһ·ϵ飿
ɲǣǹ˵ǵҲ֪ǵɽԺȥһѧӣ֪Ϊξûƽ仹żִ⡣
۾һؿүȻƼӶ˶Щ
ûƼһֻû뵽˸£ֻһò˵ĳ֣ܷϻ
ɽԺһʣү˿Ҳʧ˷磬ٶ˵ֻڰȥϢ
ֱʣȴֹߺɻʵΪβʣͬһ⣬û׼֪Щʲô
˿Щع˵˲٣ûóʲôõϢ֮ȥ֪˶٣ЩһŲ֪
ʻʼ㱻ߣֲ֪װɵΪһʱʧյ侲
ˣ˵Ķԣϲ֮¡
Ļټ٣ֻ˾һ£϶㲻ź
֪˿̾ǿɷյţ˿ҵúܣֹǽ֮£ǸɽԺлˡ
޿ܣ˾ǳˣ֪ʲôǱֻ
˼ˣүдһſǣ¹ش󣬻ᡣ
л˵
ϻһ


37 
丮ʱѽ賿, 丮³үһҹδ˯ھ͵źĵ
ŵܹ˿̿, ǰǣ
һȺ˺ƺƵ丮, үϢǰӭʱײһĻ, Ц
ȴδ˵, үϵһӦ÷˰ɣ
⻰˵үӦҲǲӦҲǣæк˴ȥϢ
һأų׳һѾ, ҪȴǼѵ¡
һϢضھ׼, ˵ԶˮȲ˽𣬵үҪʵģ·ϵʱ㹻ھ
еҪôǵ;˵Ҫôֻǲ²⣬֤, Ҫһбضǿ֤ɽſɡ
丮ү, ֵòȷ֤ݡ
ôѡúķѹԽǽӽԽ´׷
ڶһ磬˱š
λ˺Ǽ, һĹ˲̫һ, ķ, ƽմº͡
ȴЩִӴλ׸ưݸ߲ȵ֮˵Ҳ, ƫƫ, ֮ɻ䳶ϸ顣
ϯ, ָӵɫ̫ãȴܿĵһвˡ
ڵĶһϯ䶯˼οȴڡ
ΪθڲøޣһֱһǧģҲʲôڨڨ¿ӣ˵
ּĸί丮Сίˡ
˻ЩðүȴûȰ衣
˿Ҳתߡ
ּǸֺģиù⣬ĸ´οɱֺõˣϰ࣬ĸһ׼ſɲ˷ˡ
˵ձӣȴ̧˳ˡ
ŲΪ׼ȻǱû壬˰ɡ
ֲ֪ĸ׺«ʲôҩʶүȴٳٵȲתͷһȥ
ߺүŵ˾̫ðա
תеķ飬һӷ𣬡е㻹ҪҶãҹǰʦڣֻһҪڹ˻Ȫ֪ζ
ү˵飬ȴ־Լ޴Щ̫֪
ĳ㣬Ϊ˵Ҳķӣ㲻ҹܣ㽫Ҹϳ丮ȥ
˾þòϵķ𽥱䡣
丮⼸պһжδָӣȥݸˣ⼸æȥæýŲŵء
ȴΪβдֵˣǶԺ˵ֵҪܷյҪ
ָյûʲôֻ˻ǰ飬ʱǲЩʳһŲա
ûñ˼ձ㻻˻ͷ飬˵ǰڷǰȡоʮգܹӡ
գԵţǳԵʣֻţĥû˷¡
ߺ󣬺뵭񣬡ƣ⣿
ԹһοαСţ丮ʵǲò
ϸˣҡҡͷƲʲôˣū˵ߵúܣϣҲ³ɡ
ĻЦ飬ֻҪȥһݾͳɣǺ˵Ļˡ
ȴ룬Уޡû⣬ǴŰɣ͵ͼġ
˴ν֮գܲģҲϡ
ձԵʣվüۣϢ£˿ϢҪ̸ſڻЩԾ
ӽЪˣ
ڽţһ۵ӽ岻ʣϢˣżūͽȥӽѡ
˵գƾҪŽȥȴ£ˣǱЪţЩҲһġ
ӣҪҪ˵ڣòŵӶˮƽעӡ
Ϊ˿ˮ˼Ӧŵģɵ˴˻ȴƲƲ죬岻жޣֻ֪Ƥӣʲôˡ
ԩ˵ȫ֪жָ෴ߵ·Լ˵Ļ㰵ͷŵ˵ý֪Լǹ
δڶպһ𴲱߶յ¡
ҪҿǸ˵ģʣ̽ϣֻԸˣѵûķԸū澱㲻չ˹ôʲôūҪ
֪˵㳤ƪۣʵ˼ҳڹ˵һűˣ벻кηҲҵ˭ǿҺô
죬ô˭ϻǹδ๫أɲҪЩҲĴ󣬾һҲ⡣
תһ룬ͬδϵģ
ܾǹ죬վŤŤ˵һ仰ֻֿʵôˣлֱ˵ι̬
ǹҵ壬ˡ
ʱ֧֧⻰˵ŮҵĿˮǼ˽ܵ£˴ǰ
ֻĪв˵ģѲ伲ҽҪȰȰвЩΪá
żƣǳ£кοڵģ˲Ҫʱҽźãһϣʱˡ
˻˵ĳǰλǰ;õһûϿ塣
˿ҲӦ˵˼ʲôˮвÿڽֻͣһصͷΡ
ƺȥˣŷҹǷʲô¡
Ͳô˿תƻ⣬æõϢ˵
˵ֵ֮£ȴֵ֪ҽΪͬһǱ̰ɵǣ
ѳ̰ҪǼǳɲᣬڵǼǲȴ̰ݵ˵̰Ϊ죬֪ԱҲ֪˭Ա֮以ͨƾ֪Էݡ
һ̰￴֯ȴܵĵȼ̰ӪһеĹأ̰漰иҵֻ벻ģûǲġ
̰ڲĶֵȼȼԽߣĶԽޡ
̰ڻɫش䲻Ҹɱ˷Żļ֮£ΪҪĻȴ̰ܿڲĳЩг۸֮¡
̰Ҳ̰Ե̰ģҲ֪ȥѰˡ
֪䲻٣ҵȴѣĴѲ飬϶
ʳҲãЩһᵹֻ֣ʳ֮ǵʵԣЩ˲᲻֪Ӧ˲Ÿ֡
һܰæɿǰȴЩ˵ֻǰʵ쳣Ƿβȴǿš
ڲˣǿЩתһ뻹ѡ˵ڣˣԺīԶජһЩøʲôɵ¡
дŸӦ̽磬ܱǶЩ
˵Сģ´̼ˣ˿侲ص˵ͷ
Ҳã˵ͷο˸ǷȥСһ
֪æµ˯ãúϢ졣
ǰע⵽Ǵ飬ܾãƺǰδ


38 
æ, ָ⼸Ҳδţֵʱ͵еһжܲ, ˿Щ˵졣
ɽȻ, Ҳɵ, ǰֻһ, ɻƽ
ۼƽڣҲֹү˽ƽģҲúúôеҡ
ү޹ְܽıֻ, Щҿνǲ, ждȨ֮ƣеȻҪүӡ
ȴͬƽϲǱ˺ƤЩҪܱ, ֻС˿վȥǳֺ, еǲš
Ǳ߶ԭСӦԣүȴû취, ƽոЩӵܻƵ, һӡ
ЩȫȻɾ, ⶼЩѱǲ, ɱ顣
ԭЩ̻ҪЮЩ, Ͼ, һЩ±س˭Ҳ޹⡣
ü򵥣үȴ뵽һ㣬ƽЩҿǺôٵˣûȫ˵ĵ
үֵ֪Ƣԣ㽫ƻ˵ֻûа֤һһ١
ֿӦţȥȴԽԽԾܾ֪ܣзƲѣŲһתȥ½ﴦ
ﻨԣпҲŽ֮
ҵмѵ֪󲻹ЩյķӣЩ½ҰˣɽԼĪǲҲ֣ҾûǼ˺ô
½΢ǰϸǰ˳
үԲӣǶүĶӣڶүеķȻ˲ͬү䲻˵үԼȽˣĿ࿴
ֵͷŻеˣ䲻ﵫ֪ȥˣ£ʹ½ִֻȥ
Զ½ﻻĳԺ䡣
˵طߵһǵ
ˣæݣôˣ丮˶ӣ˿̹֪۾أ
ģҶ϶ϲһ˹£ʱҶϸƹȷ˿Ÿţ
˶ˣòҲã˵ͷȥ
˿̸˯ϲ԰ףڲסƣ½ĻϷЩɫʡ
½ｫֵĻԭⲻ˵ֻȼ䣬ȴкŵ
үƸ̬֮֮£ֻµʱǰҪǰ
֪үҪ£½ðű˷ֵķǰ
ȴҡҡͷ䲻֪£½ҲЩš
ģǸסģŮвֵ˼үҪδܰɡ
½һΪ£ɺȴЩŤ½ɫˣί֡
ԸǷˣȴôҲ½Ķ飬ĥҪֲ½ò׿˿ڣȴ½ҡҡͷ
Ůǹȵģ̸ʲôֲ񲻹ЩС²ʲô½ޱߵ鷢˵οŮ߱ʳźţίܣŮá
δ֮£½˿̵ֻ꣬Բԡ
³֮ȥԼҪ֮ûףұֻ̽Ϣɣ֪Ҫ㣬ԭԼ˼
½˵ͷһʱסûĻ˵
ԲһԸ˼ǿȣعһ
˵ɰͰ͵ص˵ͷͳȥ뵭
ʵ֡˵һ䣬һ۱㲻˵
˦˦۵ĸ첲úš
ڻȺѾźţתصԺ
ŷСã仹ɿ˴üĿģ
ˣūϸˣϻǴ顣
˻۾ӣˣ⼸գ˺úöţĪ顣
ӦԼڳ˵طȴҲڣ˲̸֪ʲôԶԶЦ
ƣ˹ϵʱˣ߽Ҳ˵׷תͷ
ղӦϻµߣһ۱ע⵽ö˶˵ôߣ
һʱǰˤ飬㻻ˡӦȻǲ˵ռ˺ͬһͬȥԼ߻ٵ
˵ͷȴɻûǴǸˤ飿
룬ǲٶʣһ亮ѵĻαʵףҪ
ǲýǣеģ̰һ֪٣鷳㣬˼ɣҲǿ󡣡
˵ͷںĻδ顣
Ӧ룬˿ӦЦЦȻĶ˵˼ԼȻԹۣɿźͬĬģ˳ûЦ
ߵĻҲģ̰Ӵ󣬴ȷʵЩѰ졣
΢΢üӦѰ죬ҵ̰롣
ʶתͷȴҡҡͷҲ˵̰ﲢУһ뽩֡
Ӧ֪Լ˿ª̲סʼɣʧȥ̫ණЩλˡ
ǲЩģǰ㲻Щ˿ۼź֮ĸҽò⡣
Ѱ죬Ҳǲɰ졣
˴˻תͷȥ˻棿ǿοǼֱˣķӡ
Ӧ㿴۾ǹ㣬̧ͷʱŮҵĽʱֻ
ȴƴǰľһһǣų⣬վǣֻδ˵Ӯˡ
ٹЩӣĻǵôǰ֣ӦпЦҲǣ֮˭ţֻˡ
˿óȥȴƫƫö˹ϵãһҪֵġ
̰֪ЩǵĹأ̰ѰȥҲͻأ
⻰ǡǡǺ룬ٸǲɳ棬ֻһ˶ǱǴݾߣ̰ٺò
ֻ²ֻӦһȥ죬鷳౧ǸͬһҲԱ߶ӦЩ
ҲźĻ˵Ҳãұһ֮
ӦߺԾ䣬ǰһһͣȫȻ֪˿̵顣
κӦŵ˵ͷԺ˵ȻǺõģ㾡ɷˡ
ֻĻЩֻ֣ҲǷĵģֻһӦԣǳ˲ܰ㡣
˻˵ӦĿ˲࣬ĹˣЩҲúúñ塣
˵ͷֻ⻰Ҳ֣ƳѺõĿ⣬졣
ɴ˸սô컹ˡ
л˵
Ӧң
Ůˣ


39 
Ӧú˳, Լ̽Щͷν˽ÿ̰Ĵš
µǳϣغ, ܿ, һɹٸר, ˽Ǵ, ʵڲ֪Ӧ˾Ǻ⡣
̰ǹ죬ײ̰̽Ĵ̰˴̰֮ͣȴΨֱ֮ǰǽӴĴЩССϺ, Դͷ, »Ѱһ·
ЩҡҡҡͷǺ뾡£ζҪһΥȥһ֮¡
Ӧ֪״Ӧ, ̾һ̰, ̰ȴðں棬Ȿǲ֮£Ҳ͸¶, Ѱ̰, ŵҪ, ǷǵûУӦ, ΪΣ
ֻ˵̰̰, , һ̰Ҫ޷Ϊأ
̲ˮԽԽˡ
¹ش󣬺˼ȥǽ¸֪
Ҫȥ̰ˣһҪŵģΪͬˣκ鶼Ҫ֪ȷӦûš
֪ӣΪ˽һ·Ϊʸ֮ģʱָӦô
ֻ£ֽӦʱü£òüͷԷǳһ˳е
˵ԼǺ뷨Ƣһһ˵ʲô¶Լǵñ˲죬ûӦ㽫޻塣
ǰˣҲˣ˵ʲôͬˣǴԼˡ
ԽԽ죬ȴδ¶֣װƽ˵ҲǣӦԭ޹أ˷ۣȻһȥ
˵ͷ˼
ͷ²˳٣Щ׼
˿ѱƽȥտ׼׵֪֮ǰһһǴı⡣
ЩͬؿŹ֮»տšοȥ֮཭һյʱ䣬˳ڶձܻ
ֻԼǣţʱƣһС˴絹Ҳģ
Сϳɡ
ЩΪѵؿӦЦЦ½̤ţǱ鷳ˣŶӦСӡ
գͼ۾ֻԼûһܵţűӸջӼΡ
˿ˣţţʻ
ô֪úõţƫȥǸϳĻ
ԵطǺԶյʱڵ˵طһԺɽС
һۣ˴ԺĲͬǽܱ߳լӣϱ֮صķ
΢תͷαװõ⸱ˣʾġ
լӴſţű߿һ۵ˣűҲڣתֱȥһֻͷʾ˸ϡ
ͷӦ󣬽Ժи죬ǵһ˵ȴĪЩϤ
תͷδʲôֻԼ롣
Ժ󣬺ţ߽ţĹڴѳһүС
һ·δˣΪ˶ĿɲؽԺ䡣
ȴֻ⸱Щ
һСԺϲ㲻ǰУֻʾЩȥţȴס
ϲһʳָ۾һضź˼ֻӦȥ
޷ֻϲһͬš
ʵȴϲʲž֣һضָ
ͷ˼ȴûϲҲڿκȻ뵽ʲô۵һ˿֮ɫ
Уһۿȥȴϲѻָ֮ǰľګģ²˼ֽġ
˻ᣬӦŴԺ߳˶һ׼ȥȴϲס
׼ϯλϲ˿ڣһܾ
˻֪з£ֻܵӦ⡣
¼̸ףþֲǡ
²һͬù˵ɡһתͷһվڽϣһ˫ԽӦǿ˺һۡ
˸ǰƹȵһã˴˴żѾƮһ㡣
һѾ߲յЩˤڵأվԵĺס
˱ǣûס˸硣
ϲ֪³ߣɨ˺һۣѾȥ
ѾëëţλСֵû°ɣţԺ˿ڹĵ
Ӧü߽쿴ȴֹҡҡͷ
Ժ˲δʣֻк¡
񼣬˿Ȼ£Ӧ֪˼ΧֵûԹɽ亣ζϯʧǣ˺¡
ԺպӣС̧ͷһۣȴĿ⣬۵׺
Щ¹˼ĶأȻ˶ǿͣĪЩ˲ϼλθڣ
˻˵Ȼѣǰ˽ⶾ裬Ҳܳϼڣ̫ӡ
˳¼ڣ¿ӣЦſʵʲűԹӣȻųΪβĿʾˡ
˸߲ƴǰǸһֻۣڷ󣬴˿̱Ӧʶϵߡ
Ҳģֻòޱȣˡ
ô˵䣬ǲ̫⣬תͷߵĲˣ˷ĵ˲䣬һֽ̧Ӧ䡣
һ̣һҲЩȣΪǡ
һ˲Ӧ̧סԼЩδǰժ¹ߣȻ⧲
ӦӣδǱҪȴҽִƿ
Ҳ࣬ߵʱδҲ֪Ϊ㾪ȣӦ˿̽ѣƵߡ
ӦܵĿʶתȥ
ǿܿӵݸɢͷӦӹһѿϡ
ƳʲôЦЦúȫë˿ϤдӺζ͵תź
ʲôպء
ǰ޿֣ЦЦþòˣ
תסӣҪȴв֪ʱһӦΧס
˿̽ǳǽ
ʬǵĹٱڿӣ֣ɱ˵Ĳǻʰо֡
һԵʬѲȵһʬر죬飬ǹٱͣóìһȴ䱳·飬¶ʬ屳ͼ
Դƣͼӡź󱳣һȻս


40 
ѳһֻս޲ʤľ, ˾ɵֳʣнʿĪǾþɳһа֮ˣƽ߽һ´󹫡
űߵһֻҪӭƮĺɫս֪սذ, ʱ˵ֻҪкɫڵĵط, ɻѱ߾
ɫϱ㻭ս, ս, һ֪˾¡
պܱ֮ȣʮսɱ֮ʱɵۻֻǸеι̵Ӥ
λҲֲɵѱͷ̫ʢصеﲻ, 丸Т˸ȥϽ˷ˡ
֪һȥûܵٻؾ, ֱТ۲ţڵŷ۵گ飬֪ϢܵǻԼ˸ү
żûעĵܵ, ëͷСѹһͷȻﻮһ, ӻλΪ֮ȴɱǡ
߳彮õŷɥĺɫսӴʧڴѳϣֱɵѲ, ൳׷ɱ
ʱ롮һ, , ýؽ
ⶾԵʣδֲ, ֻǱ޷ʱϵߡ
ۼźҡҡλվ, һʱļǰȴһͻȻֵϲ͵Ϯ, һи
ǿʹתػȴϲԽ󣬺к·
֪ϲ۷ȥźֲòջûסȥƣϱ˻о˹ȥ
ؽЦЦҡҡ׹ĺαΰɣιôǿţʹ߲һû㵱ɱʱһ͡
סذףסǰ֮ˣùϯֻ֮һһ飬֪ԼʱеС
ҺôãΪȻẦ㣬ú˯һɡؽ˵գҪǰ
ذ׵ļ˻ƺֱۣʹʹƬѣؽǰװ֧Ųס˫ۣһҪڵء
źؽŲ֮ңʱȻ˫ۣóذǰȥ
ؽз˶˵С꣬Źûֻ㻹ֱĵ
ؽһץ֣˿ѪҺѽʪɫӡǡ
˿̻Ѳãؽȴ˵ĿУ־ָѹں˿ڴ
ҩʶɢԾһʹ|ʹıȡ˺ؽ
Ӧ£˿ҲʲôвؽȻ£Ȼ˺ֽķһԣȡһҩ˿ι¡
ϲһƼףСүɣδʲô©ǰƻ²źá
ؽȴΪȻе˶ǿסʲôµģЩǴ˿»δӦ
ҩʶ𽥻ؽȲ赹˿ϣʹǵͨ죬һ⣬ҪЩ򶫶Թȫй
ֻŵĺʵǸӲӣһҲޡ
Ǹ۵ģ˿ʹܿƵطںؽǰ¶ʾӣǿҧסڱڣֱѪζ
ѹ˿ڣһ㷴ӦҲ޺ؽ˲ʧ£˽˫ַã׼˴ӵصߡ
ȵȡ˿ɫ԰ףһ̲Ѫ˵òᣬǽ˿ڰһ߰ɣˣǻỵļƻ
ؽЩؿźƺδ뵽˵ЩЦ㵹ͦΪ룬ĪЩˮ仨ĴŶǼٵģһúܡ
ҲѧЦЦ˷⣬֮ӣȥô
ؽ㶣漴Ц˵ûձֻһã֪Ҳʡһˡ
ɱ˵ĶӽǰǱ
ؽʹ˸ɫϲмʱ䣬⸱Լʱʱһǻδ㴳ˡ
ϲַ¾ͽ˿ڰãżҲ޷ֻܱѺԺߡ
լӲãԺؽδǰʲôźɽƿʯڣԼĪֻһܹĵصڳǰ
СǰͷϲŻԵȥ󣬺ǺؽͬѺŵӦ
ص˼֪˶òżԶ⣬һʱЩˤһӣײǰѹ˿ڣϽȴ˹ָ
ôˡؽĶתʵ
ûʲôص̫ڲˤͷһ䣬ֶָ֣˶
ؽüʱ䳤˱׷û˵ʲô
˵صŷһɽӲڸǲױ˲˶󣬺ؽը˴˴
ţвΪδ
ˣٿҲáؽ֪룬˷ִ˴Զˡ
һ·ţȺ򣬺ؽͬˣӦֱڻԣòš
ϳ󣬺һδ֮±ͷΪֻǣУ񻹶˸ؽ
죬岻ʵĸԴ⣬ɷͣѲؽ᣿
룬Ƿֲ룬ؽޣһ˵͹һӣ˵ʮʿڶС
ֻһ֮ʣֻŵҵ͵͵µļǺŸѰ
˵ؽȴһӵĻҪ˵˼Ǹúúͬ˵һ˵
ôЩ꣬ɵ۱Ҵѹһͷֶһ˵ϲ̨ĶҲڽкա
ؽǷŭ𽥱Ҷв
ȴķŭЩĪؽȻʲô֮ʿĳ̶ֳֶȲϣ˿̲ңǽԼĵ̡
˵ںؽУѳģԼﱻ𻵺ķŭ
ΪҪֵ㣿
ڸ˷ӦؽǸˣ˵ֻкһֱߵϲЩԭǶպء
ģȻҪЩʳţȵǳŲס֮ʱָֻˡؽ𽥿ȣԼӦ˼
Щţ֪ؽ뵽˻ķ֪˾к塣
Žڵؽ뷨δԸ
Ҵҵˡ⣬ؽ˵Ȼǲ֪ĵĿ£˳Һݶ쳣Ҫɱаա
ؽ͵תͷһУǻʼܡ
ؽҲ˭ԸͽĿⶥϳЩҵ׵˼ң͵͵ʳǣƭϿսͼ
չƵùٸʩԼԹȥġ˳֪һ˱ԼͽԭеӦϱܽ£ɱйͷ֮ޡ
ţС۵׶Ȩ̲ס󿿿ԶЩȴһٶŭ
л˵
ϴ齫¿ڸ
ڸвͥϴԵĺؽ壬ҵ÷ԡ
6.
ţĺذԶпڳ


41 
ûţԾ, ôؽץסϵ֣֪ʱӻóֻذףõź
, ⲻȥ, һ·Ҳؽϲŭ޳, ԸηӦǴ
˵, ؽŭգתذ׳£ݺȥ
ƵУʶһٶǵúؽЦ
Ҳʲô, תذ͵ػƺ֡
һ, ʹ⡣
ؽйŭ𣬴˿̾úö࣬ذ·ϻ²ȥѪ
ھǳȻûԹ, Ҫ㣬αԭʧ񡣡
˿, κؽȴûֻЦһ
֪˶, һɽ, ס˫òͣ, ˴һɽɽڱж졣
, ӦѲȥ, ˵ֻؽˡ
Լĵ, ؽУһ£ƶһ㡣
ϲڣֻˣ̸̸
ؽЦһ²յˮݻʲô̸ǽУʲôʸ̸
ȴǱЮţȴ㲻ɱңˮݸ޻֮ԡ
ִ˿̻ڵѪɫ԰ȴɫᶨؽԶ˰Ρ
ҲǴģ˵ľԣҲֻǲ²⣬ʵûмֵף񱻺ؽţϸǲ¶飬Ǳ̧ۺƵػ
ؽһ֮ǰģǰδе棬Ϊмִɲ¶ҵģղ˵ŷԵұ㽫ж˿ͻؾþе˶ΪǵǺ³
Ļݣɺ֪¶ˡ
ûңûԸңңӦȫ塣
һ·ϴӺؽĻб֪޻ңȴҵ֮һϾɵۻһҲδҪʿΡ
ִƱȨĻǰʹնķӣɵ֪ԴװС
ΪȴȫʬؽܲޡЩһֱڽѰʱϸ
ؽȴ׳ϣû㣬ҲܶԸҡ
ζԸƾ̰ķãҲЩ޽չһ࣬ܲܵȫھ붨
˵ˣұˣǵүʵڲΪ塣
ؽȻֻЩһֱܹٱ׷ɱûа취ǣھвЩֻ˶νĿⶢϽ
ЩҲЩֻʧܸգֱο
˿̻ǰͿΰա˻˵֣ʾҪ
ؽЦһ㵹ͦ˳Ÿ仹ǲģжȴʵһԹóҩ
תܿҩؽһë࣬δɵѾͷһռ˲ɣ
㲻ֱϻһҲر㡣ڣĽʣµҩ
ؽϻֻЩ˵ƻ
һۣԼʲôѵ֪ô
ؽ̰Ȼֵ֤ݣֻ֤ҪУ˺һӡ
ڰ⵹һϣؽĿһ¡
ؽɵӣ㶫ȥûüֵ֮󣬺תͷԸףȻġ
֪йǣԻҵģӲ֮£³֮벿ҽԿɵ
һתȴռϷ磬ؽ˱Ǹ
ںؽԣҵǲһ㣬Դıóʮĳ⡣
ҵһǷƾ֤Ƕܣʹ̡ؽܾһ̱ҪˣԽԽã˿ǵȲֱ߳ȥѰ
ļźһڴ˴Ҳ˿š
ȷŲԶ´ⷿ䡣
˵Ƿ䣬ʯСʯƷڷڴ꣬ǺؽϳѹЩѰãԭǶɽ֮С
˵ǸʯŲúǾ£ǻһЩֻںؽΪ˵ǻʹࡣ
нŲصæصԭλãǺؽǷ
ؽ֪ͷ˵ЩʲôŶɫδܴһ¡
ϵĽһıʿǶָıһ֪Ǻߥ޵ģȻɿڡ
ǺļƲߣЩؽзıʿҲδܳʲô£Լؽʵڲµˡ
ô֪ܲؽϾǾµΨһѪֻܾš
ɺؽԴô걻ѹſԹԣ±õĴ߻
װʲôҲ֪ʵõˣõ㾡صǡ
ؽüֻǾȵ˵򵥵¾Ҳ첻ôĵط˵㣬Īǻÿɫ
ûСүǲƣؽͬؽԺؼһи飬ȴһͬǺš
ĺ⣬ȶҵ١ԣԣú̸ͬЩǵһѡǲУ㵱ɱãʿ
ңɲ¶ֻ³һô
ūСү֮黹̴ֲ֣ˡ
ȴЦЦؽ˵ֲ죬ðݲźãȥô֪꣬߾ɲž۸ͷϣĿ
㡭һǵ÷߷ǳ
˻λε䣬Ȼúؽȥ
ƫƫʲźؽһͨǲ˿ܾ룬֪Ϊ֮Ҳһ֡
֪һɾؽ˿ƫϣź÷丮ƾó
⻰ãû뵽ؽôͲȰһ˲ʧ˾һ²ࡣ
ؽ˵겢ڣŷ첻ִߴЩûзӦԹתȥȻʱϱ㱧һֽš
ɰСүţǸǰװײֽ׽סСүųԶģȻλ֣γҡ
ؽλͲҪԸֺθأЩֻصȥĸ׷ǰĸͷٶضա
һ½ҳȥԸ
֮䣬ؽһû㽫Ƶڵأغ֪ԼѾһʱ̱ڵؾþò
ռ˱Щܻߵ֤ݣ㹻ү֮⣬֮˱Ҫӭ˽ᡣ
˱ҪߣҲҪߡ
л˵
ռֱҵգĻᣬ


42 һ
ؽü, 㲻㵣ģֻϵ飬Ȼܱ֤˰Ȼ
ȻǼٻ, Ӧ, ΪȻмһ̻ƽ, ԩ޳, Ų
Ͳͬˣ޲úѪԽͷ֮ޣ޿ú
ߣױ뻢ıƤЩ, ûЩһֱ
Щ, ֪ĶҶ˼࣬æ°빦
ΪûҲ˽ģЩ, ȷʵʡ¡
ؽȴ˰֣ѽƾ֤, 첻ĳȫԼһ˻ܰɱ֮ô
ؽʮִּ֣֪Ҫ, ֻպؽ, һôߡ
㲻Ǻܺ޶ô, ֻнңŲз, , Ҵá
ؽŲ豭һ, ƺˣ첻ᣬϸϸе˱
Щ̰֮Ľײ٣һʼľٵߵս˽ÿһʶǵ
ָ˱ϵս֣ЩС͢սû丮̰öࡣ
Ūôս̧ۿؽ֪б¡
ؽ˿ڲ裬ָӲشսô꣬ڱ߽ӱھӻ࣬ʳ͢ҪЩһᱻģսϡ
ЩӣҲһֱʤ̣һ·Ȼ䵽ؽС
ҲûźؽܻشֻʵսԼ֪ؽŪսķӡ
˱ʹ˱б֪Ұģ֮Ȼңȴ֪֪֪¡
²˳٣ҹұ˳ܵõϢˡ
ؽ˴źҹȥʱͬʱ˫ۣʵڲ֪˾Ǻ⣬Ѳеطɶء
񡣡
ϣӸ¿źؽ
ؽǲϰˣ۾ƽƥ˵һˣǶǺؼұ㲻ȡô
ڵӪЩҪЦؽպǲ٣ʲôڣ˶ԼʴȲԼ뷨ξԼ
û˵һȥ
ؽվԭأɽȵķ΢΢㶣֪ʱ֣ϣСүҹȥɡ
ؽǰˣ˵ЩʲôȴֹסСүʲôɣū
ȺĻҪ˳뵭⸱˻ͺҳתҵٵս֤ȷ䣬ү޿ɱ硣
Χ丮ʱָӻϳҸʩѹûϵֱɱ
лӦ㱻˱ϳʱǱָӴδ˶Դ˿̾Щ޴롣
Ƿŭƽô磬ӼУɱҸ֮ˣлô
˿Ƕ˵丮ıӻ̫ãܾţʧȥ˶ΣյĲ
ٱ丮˶ѺԺУҲУź˳ﻹΪؽΣգż
Ҷ丮˽ǻ̿żģ˴˿̵ıҲ֡
ҹɻȴ丮յһգ丮ߣĽ鱦б׵
һͼı֮϶ִ˿̲žú£ү֪Ǻá
彣ⲽָǰڻѵӳԵø䡣
ѽȵͣƷ¹ԱԿնࡣڣ˲䣬ԭſԺɲǼ䰲̶Ŀ
Ů˺ͺӵĿڶԣȴǴסүǿеľ⣬ڵӧǹһ仰ɶġ
ǻжǺҶһëɴ˰Χʹ
ԼѵܲŹ̫ͻô
ûȻ˵㣬ɷֽдһ˽ؼıĴһȡкβס
үΪδİʾغʱҲӣֱԵҪ£еĶưոݡ
Ϊ˴˻ᾪʧ룬ֻЦЦ
˵ڽˣ֪з˺£ղǣĸ岻ʣٹ붨˽̼
ү·һ̱ڵأȴţ󺰵ܣ̫ˣˣ
̫ΪŮ丮ϢϢأյ̫ʱҲܳԾ
ĸУǣȴ̫֪ҪЩʲôǰλС
˴֣ʾٱ̧
˿ɫ԰ڵϣɼ˿ڵĺۼү³ûϣ
˺ͺӽڻʼУزΪұ
ȴǵһʶһ㣬ŵֿ˿𾪵ҡҡͷȻģǺ¡
㾹ĺݡûǸӣ˿Ҫһ㡣
ᣬҵ״꣬λǩֻѺɡ
˲ϹԹԾͷŶƴʧȥģֻһԸˣκβ
ֲʱ˶ס
ҲܻͬͬѺͿѡŰӡǵ˰㰴¡
вָУǰӡٴͨҲȲǡ
ֱս˫ۣҪɱɱ丮û¼УҲз
֪Լһ٣ȴ뾩иλͬǰԾɵ۱һ㣬顣
ȴ֪Ǹʱ
Ǹ˻ģǩ벻ǩеĽɱ˿ɲЩֻѪһҪȡˡ
Ժô˫۾ţѵܶס˵ôˣ丮ŽԻҺԩ
ִ˿̻ӲװװǶȴܵߵڰףνźơ
˵һ⻰ıźΪȻҪ˼ȫȴû볹ǵúᷳ
˵ҲǿԻѺġ˵䣬ֱֱؿڣʱֱڵء
ԺŵüͯĿΪԣüʾ⵭񽫺Ӵȥ
ȴǺֱֱײճȭһһ´źɱҵҺ㣡
æһԣĸ׸æǰֵķˣֵĵӡ
ûںǰɱˣº˵Ҳ棬˽ĸӶ˴ȥ
ߺӣȴǺӲ˲ᣬվԭضźҪɱ˵òҳ󣬶ɱ㡣
æסӵ죬ڻУºһ;Ҫɱĺӡ
֪ĸ׺˽ٰգʳСͯţͬĺȴ²ʳ˻ű˲¶ǵĽ֡
˿ĸ׵ĻУݺݵضһ߽˴ˣ
ɣͬʱ𣬺תͷȴ֪ʱ˹һ糾ͣմӾ


43 
ܼʵǳԤ, 룬˿Ӧھ˵ңⷬģʲôӶ뾡ˡ
µĲ, ھж, Щ˱ʺ󾯸һ, Ůȥ̼, ˭Ҳؿ
һͷԼŮһһ·ӱ޸ȴˣһžͼֵѪУ֪, ƻͯ, ųֹ
Ҳ뷨ºǣɥʧǡ
ʵˣ, ҲԶһͯ֡
⺢ӵĻȴŸǰ, ۱Ǻ飬ɱˣǳ֮Ҫһ׮鷳
նݲ, 紵ɵ۱̫ʴ, úؽ躹޵Ļ, δ丮ĸͯú롣
Щƺ˲, һ, үһ±Ĺǡ
˰, ˸үôҲǰ˴ϢΪδԶӭʵʧ񣬴´ʺá
ǰŮһ⣬Ů丮Ȼ˸ĸ֮ҲŮҲɱ˵Ĺ֡
ϣоͬѡ
˻ɷϳŹ´꣬丮Ѫɺӣʱϳкο˵
ת˵һ˺еαװĶ⡣
ǰĽ̻壬һԼĪ˵һ䣬вѪġˮתҲֵˡ
⻰Ҹڴ֮϶Ծɵ˵Ļȴԭⲻ˵
Щ꾭£ɾ֮ǰѡûдЩ²˳˿˺ĻЩҡԼѵô
ɼһֱеĻѧͯʱڰ׷Բԣһֱ汲̻ޡ
ɵ۸ˣڱҲҪ䣬ֱ޷Ҫҽȵ湰ãŻǰ㼤ֹɵ۱
ŮıѣŮԣһжڸˡ
ɿ˵ݹĲ⻰˵δЩϷڳж꣬һְֱĹҪѪһ˵ϳͬҲǲ״Ӧ
ȴﱳƲ㣬ǰǴǰ񣬹ڳһӦǻҪһˣΪԱ˸ͬ丮Ѱɣ
ɵ۱⵽һΪǵ棬šһɴ˴ȴһ֮£ʢڳҲⲢΪϼ档
ݺĵǲ٣ͷľٶΪ
ɢˣȻҲˡ
౻ƣϵЦҲҲס²յһ ͷҵŮŵѪһҪ䣬ϹͷŸ˰ҲɱˣҲˡ
ӲĲУǣס
ƫƫϲдʣҲ֪ŮΪڳϷҪȥſϰݣ
ôֻҵٻΪҸѿԼŮȥػ꣬еˣ
ʲô飬˵ЩҲԹ֮⣬ֻǼʡ
ȴ˵ⷬǶһи飬Ƽһ˵˵֮лԼ˶Դ׹⣬ֽ롣
ĻԼǿͷ˵İˣ㲻
˿пǽߣɫ̫˿顣
֣ҿˡؽҡֽȴ丮ſڴҡڵ߽»˲ŵĹٱ
⸱ǰȴҡҡͷ
üںؽͻȻЩͬѾңʲô֡
ؽڴҲǴʧɫķˣʱҲܣ˿̼ؽϲԺĹٱˣѸվܵؽǰ
Сүū澻ΪΪ⣬Ҷ£ҪȻūȥү
үֵʬףŵˣһһū澣ٲȻɲΪЩ꾹֪
ֲָ̧ˣȴҲκƴȫźһ
µʲô֪ؽС簮ǳǰܾƣݲĹ̺ܽӣԵʣҪܱܿ¡
ֳƢԶѶͣ˱˸Ƶģٹ̣ܽÿմڷУһ˼涼١
ǰֽռֻү絶ԭȫƭ֡
үԽԽ޷ܣȻֱٱ£ԺֻüĿ޺ˣˣ
ݵ΢ҹˮδüɥԵЩʼһþȫǼٵġ
Ųүɸֵ̾˿ǳˣ丮˾Ƿֻһͽ޷粵
ү֪࣬ɳ͢˿ɲô롣
үһһŵ˿źؽûˣΧתһȦȻʲôʵū澵ҩôСүûƻ£
ƻ˳˿̱㲻ؽսͬ˵ĻǶ˴ʲôЭ顣
ſؽֱۣ˼СүΪβżƻ£֮ǰ࣬ɫ
һԿ˿˵Уŵڵ˹֣ܵʹ˸ɫ
ᣬֵѪĨĨϰӡֿһۻ겻үӦʼʩ֣մȾѪϡ
ˣ±ˣ㿴ţɫҳ
飬Сĵý񣬡壬ҹ̻ؾؽС
丮Ѻһһ󣬽ֱǽˣһҶľҲ᲻ڡ
תȥսһ
ۼҪУһӰȴǰǺؽؽЩ۾̧ͷȴЦЦ
ƵİȾϾ綾֮
ûţҪǰĬĬǽߡ
ﱻŵò֪룬źؽǲԸԸ£Ҳú뿪ƻȻʧܵҲ
˭뵽ؽһ⣬û뵽Ҳû뵽ؽǵˡ
˵һֱؽˡ
ؽ£ʶס˿촽ڣǻѪһһá
ΪʲôҪأһҪȴæҵĴӻóⶾ¡
һؾɽһó겻Ƕؽӻóһݸֵɡ


44 
ⶾ豻ؽвδ, һȫھŵʱеһ㶫أ֮ڿԹص, ĸߡ
۽λ, Ҳ֪ԼΪҪ, ӦҪЦĲ, ؽԼǰ㲻طȥҪġ
ؽˣﳹ׷ˣָϰѹӡ, ֮ѳɶ, Ҳ죬ǽԴϲĽ֣ȴһ˿һ˲
Цαŷʬ, ȵȪ֪ǲĿ
ºؽʬ壬̧ͷʱѻָģ
˲ı·, ˵Ѫһ֮ҲǰҪ
վһ, ˵ﲻ, ȻҪŴɷ, ֻھеȴ֪£֪
Ҫү, ȫȫ塣
Ī, ıǴ, ȫһپһûܶĵ
ȴӻóʥּТ۶󣬴µһѣԴ˻ȡǡأ¿⣬ȴ⾩˲֪֮
ӹʥּ쿴ȷʵТ۵ּʥֻּлͷ˲Ż£ţλ游ĪǵҩԶԴҲѣĶ䡣
ĥһΰ죬ڵϵүȴָıһ֪֮ЩȥĺöôΪǴڽ꣬ǱˣٵˣȴҪһ߿
죡үԽ˵Խǣæֹʵڲ֪֣ɽڲûգȫ˺ûжɽ֮ô
֪ģɽʱҾ͸ֻ֪棬ȫȻ
үⷬͬƽؾףǰס죬ȴס
˿Ҳվֱӣ̫ɽԺǳԺζʲôȺңң¶ĵǣ׹֪ࡣ
˵һʵҳŵ㣬ŹŮ뺢ͯ΢΢˿˲²⡣
үЦӣˣҲǼٵģʲôɾġ
Żûǰ֪˴£ǵûмֹѡ֪ΪҰ;ɽԺŻˣ֪ΪΡ
Ծɵ۱ʧܺϱżжԹޣһɽԺӵλѧһͬʫԣһСᣬлӻŮĲμӲעĿ
ϷŻĵطɽԺĲ󣬱ŽҾһջ٣һ䡣
ϯǰԺԶһ㲻˹ȥƫƫ⡣
侰޼С۲Ҫȥ󿴿еǺ˵֮Ȥһͬǰȥǰ˹ԹһԵĺ
ģųȥ͸磬ǰͬ˵ȴܣôҲֲֻӡ
ǵõʱڴףǶ˶Իһ
ҼλӶҪȥԭֻм˵Ķ˲һЩҹӷ׷׸ں棬ҲԶԶ׹һ
˴˲ñƼ˻𣬱ųȥȴŴ֪Ӵʱˡ
̫͸޷ȥˣӲ֮ӲǴ˽ȥߵ״Ҳųȥƽ֮ʱ޼
һ𳹵׸ıˣҲı˳оƣһڳҰжꡣ
Ź֮Ҫȥʱı⣬ȴϷôõĻᣬ͵͵ҲõĻȫȼʱ֪֮ҲǶ֪Ȼ˵飬ջвð
һУ֪˵Ϊ֪ӵڲ˺ҷһѻ𣬼ƲԼҵĸϵܽҳ״򵹡
ǣӷˣʺǱ̫֮λĲѡʱұɸǡ
֮侰ûȻʹģССӮһ弸ʮķ⣬Ǳֵõġ
ֻΪνҫϧôˣ֮СߣҲá
֪֪ء
鱻¶Ӻ޲˺ү쵽ɫ糣ںԡ
ǲǺԹڿֲø³˿̵ںû¡
Ҳʳӣȴܽ·
͵ؽϲյˤư˲ɣҲڳӦ֪ݻˮã㾹ͬһ㡣
յݺݴĶͷѪ˳Ųˮס۾
üĻֱĪǰҪ鿴ȴֵ
Тף¶ѼǲˡŵһصĲյһǵãڲ󸽽ƼүӰ
˻϶ҲɽԺס
㣡סĿڣ˼ϣû뵽һֱ˳Ҳʱ򣬻ҪĹͷ
ΪŻѪô꣬³һʱҲûҪ粵뷨
ǣɽԺΪ֮Ӧáվӡ丮ֵĵβ˵һ仰
߽֮͵ߺҪôȵۼջԽҹϵԽԶҵҪΪ룬Щʲô
Щ˻һ𣬻Ҫ丮˽ص鼮һڼЩĶʲôܣ֮ݲ丮һΥ־Ƕ
ֻЩҲˣǧ򲻸վҵĶ棬̳ڡˣ˱ˣʲôϧ
Ҳֻܹãǵȥ㣬ƣӲôΪ˾ʧȥֱ۳˷ˣȴܺˣЩʱԲУÿÿԼ˱㲻ð
Уֱʶסֱۣȴ·ڵ˲ֱᷢϵϺᡣ
Ϊεĺܺãȴᱻ֪ɴ̼Ĺߡ
˿ҲΪˣ֯ȴΪβȥҸΪҪӵܸɫȥѰ鷳ƫƫɫ٣ЩƲӣһ䣬ѹ˾Ҫˡ
ֻǰ֥棬ȴ֪ҺؼҲҳͬΪҪأǷֳһĶյ˶Ȼ̫ƽ
һԭңŵλµĻҵӵֻܶǣ»µȲô
·խˣװ
л˵
˶Ҫûˣ´β˵һ


45 
̻ǰճı֮·, Ҫ֪ǲľͷǻԼȥ, Ķ˱, ɻǵǰʵνĹҰʶü, ǸҰ, ɾȴܽټ
ЩԹص밲ȻҪڽн̻ʥף֪ʲô𱰣ǳ֮ơ
ĵܶ, ү֪ô
ں, ûбĸµĶϻλÿĵŻ᲻һҸ֮ˣĻλк塣
ģҪǵжԼƶĿ, ˼ǰյ˼룬־־
ǰ׵ĺ, ɵЩǰ¡
ģʺʱ㿪ʼΪı, ֻ뵽ǸŮ, һζҵԵ, ǰ׼Ը֮
վ̸ٴοϧж, ǸӴ˿ϻλıض
ϻΪж, Һı࡭
δ˵㱻, ΪҳıҺθɣǸжϻλҺθɣĪΪƵͷϣ˵ף㲻Ǹ˽ײ֮ˡ֮жأںγûջԻ͡
ƫƫɱҲֶҵĴӣø³һжȡڳ⸱ģҲǰ͡
ɱҰҵ˿ߵһ塣
ڽںˣʹڵأڵ޷
ٹԸ׼Ѻ丮˻ؾУָ֪һ͵޸
ϸɽԺ֮¸֪޴ˣý֪Լ֡
źؽʬʱſڵķ񣬿źؽʬδ¶καʹֻĬĬǰؽݡ
ǰЩΪѣǸǰ֮ɲһݵķǳŴ˿̴
ˣؽʬɽǿòһ£֪Եʡ
ĵطСүһֱؾƣȴδܴԸҲãСүҲǿĵġ
ǴҪѯʣһȴûٿڣˣǰºαᡣ
֮кδ㣿룬޷ģ㳷˹ٸͨؼžۡ
ūһֱָСүһӶǻȥ׼СүߣɽҲá
˵ͷӦӦС
ģ¹ӰȻ˿Ӧ˿ջؽ˫ֽǰһк󵽣ū빫һ棬Ҿнʿһ·
һȷʵúѰ죬ΪɲɱвҲսպգմŴѽʿѪŷһ·һ˺Ҳڹȥɲ࣬ÿΪɵɱĽʿ
λٵ˻Щܿ࣬˼һӦ£Ϊѿй֣ȥұ㳷˹ٸͨصӪˣӽԺͨա
˵ǰͷǻв֮ģһǻɱǡ
*
һٻؾڴ֮ǰȥӦǰЩӽС˰ڿջУÿԽӻء
ջʱ˺üԼ̰ˣԸ˵Ӧںδκֻһһң·ʱ¡
˽δ֪ʵݣֻӦ½ѣȰ˵˿ɲãСֵܻǱȥùͷ
֪ԵɣüΪΡ
˿˿Χѹ˵ȥ̸⣬֪û̸£ģ˰һϵ߲ɣģһ㷢˺ôƢﶫˤ˸飬˿ͷϡ
һ֪Ǻؽɵĺ£аö˶˵Щ˵
֪˿
ָָ¥ϵһ䷿ŬŬ졣
˳ָȥ˵طߵţڲûжһſ򣬻Ӧŭ
ң㡣СĿڣղң
תȥ֨ѽһ򿪣Ӧſɴסתʶͷ
ǾúɴڵĲʵ̧סɡ
ǰڣòǷª־ӦЩ갲οĻˣԼǵ˵ٶҲá
ֻ˵ɽԺ֮£֮¾֪֪ԼģףӦ˿Ҳ޷ͣһӱȥý
æסʲô˾Ȼûк³ȥ֣ѽ¡
Ӧͷĺܽźɴϵ˺ۣû֮ɴڶ们أƮƮ
Ӧûټ֣˳ź£ֽ̧ϵĺɴ´ãϺһˮ飬һһΣһƬãڴѹں
һӻҪʱĳŵϱʵˣʱ볯Ϊ٣־ܹһһɡ
ͷһӦѹֵĿ֪˵ʲôźá
Ӧ̧ͷҪͬһҪۿ˵³
㣬ԸԽ²ż㰲ź̰¡
Ҳãҽͷϵ´ñȥӦûȺѻ˵꣬ż˿ڣһ㶣ֵҲû룬˵ͷ±㶨ˡ
߳ջ֮ʱӦƺת࣬źɴ͵ſڣ˿ṵ̂¶Ĺ
СվںܾԼ̰ʮֹ죬ڿջգ֪̰ƺʮ־֪Ǽɻ䲻
ӦƺҲ˶뷨ɽһȻ֮ģʵ˲òǷ˸ˡ
һãһֳ˳С½ǣˡæںȴӦɫת˹ϿջţջĻҵȻô˵ô졣
Ӧߵ¥ϣͣסŲϵɴתһýɴ󵨵ؿˡ
˽ԵͷӦӦЦһɴ¥Ʈڵϣоÿ£˴ҳ
Ӧ¥ĽŲǼǿɴ´ϡ
СãֺӦһᣬⲻ֪ѵþá
ߵӣ֪ȥ˿ջضǼӦ˿˵Ǻ飬ҵһ㼱ŽϢ֪ӦȲô
ȥӦãںʡ
֪ʲôƢҲش
þãܰ㿪ڣͬ游˵Ļô
һ㶣ͬ˵ôĻʵľ䡣
˵ĻԼǿͷ˵˵㲻ô
л˵
رᰲο
Ǻ
£ףңֻǸҪرοСްۣ


46 
ĻԼȻ㲻, ΪǶ˵Ĺʶ֮£Ƕ˹ϵűȴǰһЩ
˵ʵǺܲϲǰǸʵģ, ֻΪ˴ҰĲŽӽ, ȥҪøڡ
ͬ, ΪԼ, Ը˵Щû
һԼֻǿͷ֮ǴС֣Ȼǲͬһġ
ǹӲŵĺ֡
˻̶, С˶ԭ, ֪Ϊζ˾ͳ⸱âģ
Ž֣ԼͶʣôŮ˽飬Ҫ, ǶŹ··Ǻ, 㲻졣
ףתȥȴס
˵游˽, ֺγ, , ˵ʵ⵽ﶼ˹ߣֻȨλ
˿Īڷ, , ⲻ, ҲƽϣٺﲻͳɱҲ档
棬㼸ʱ棬ҸҪ丮֮£ͰѽҲˡ
ɬ촽ǵȻˣԼϣȻԹģ˵ûǱվû
һ촽֪飬Լԭ˵ȥȻ룬ɵʵѵҾеһöô
ǵȻˣͬ˰ǶͬĿģα㲻Ҫ˵Ҳûù
ʱֱͦҪ˵ұҪúͬһ磬ǰҪֺңÿ콫ȢظвԸɻ
˵ǣǰȷʵֻǰ˼£ʱǸС/ҲܶһӲŮ֮顣
ԱЩ湦򣬺棬Ѱͷ˽ӳ˵ɺʹûʲôټʱĺʵѸ㣬龫ֵúܣһһ뷨ָʹתӷкκøС
ΣתȴֽкŻˣҪʦôԼĲ˲ʱع
ĪҪЩǰ£Ҫǰۣ»ô
ӣֲ˵ˣ֪վŴҪ۳к壬ˡ
ǲ˿ڷףջӣЩȥĪҪſڴ磬˵δдûȥ룿
˵գҪǰȴһӣϲԸ
ʵ޻˵һ˻ȥЩףС˽ȥԼĥߵߡ
ôˣ֡Ϊ丮ֲ̫ܣⲻҪĽô
̬˱˻ԣ¶࣬뵽һǰ䣬˳һѣֻŻȥڷǰԸøмӣһܰȻվ
֪лǲȴ֪ΪС̬ë
ĥſڣľ仰ļ½ˣɴ󷽷˵˵ģһû˵ԤУ˵ǰ֮Ҫ
Щ֮ǰ˵ôֻҶȫһ¡
ǰ֮ȴûҪᣬ֮ǣ̫࣬һʱҲ壬֮ܶѹûҪǿԼװȥ
ǡ
ʲôýűߵʯףЩĲɡ
ûװ˿Щţ֪Լþͽ˵˳˵ԵʣձЩԼ
ǰйǻģǰԺ·ʱʫɻǵã
ӵԺΪȽϪһƪʫʱϣΪı粨һ׳߽£ԸȽϪءȴѧŷ԰
ǰʫʱһı㿪ʼҡǰ֮˲֪ıΣ㹻ˡ
ֻ׵̫ûпϣ˵ƼͬѼȫĲһ
Ŷ˸ϵȴθӹٽԹ԰²źá
ǰҲ֪⣬˵Щͻأ룬ֻ֪ǰֻԵʣȴҲżġ
֪ԶԶǰӻܲһ˿һĻᶼҡ
˿̴ľ֪Ϊηչڵģ˵Ļÿɻȴȷк塣
Щϲġ
֪ú֪αʾо仰˵ĺܶԣȨ͵λ˶˵ΪʲôˣǾòҪȨҪ
ôЩҲ֪ԼëһְڲˣֻԼҪģԼкβõģϸϸȴЩ顣
ȴҪӭѶϣֺαء
㰮Ȩ͵λҲǸԸɽҰӣ㲻ؾкβãҰȴչ¶Ŀ;ȡұϴ˻̹
ӱͲ鰮֮Уһʼ֪кɹֻԹԼĲࡣ
ĻңӳԹ԰ԱȽϪԺһΣɽּһΣξ֮Ψ౨
Ļ˵֣࣬ĳ˾֮δҲ̫Щ
ҶԱǣ֪鴦к𣿡
ʲŻ˵˽һתľˣû˵ˣ˵Щʲô
ͷһ£ĵЩ֪룬˫ֲ֪ķŲźãվҲĲڣԱ˼ȴץס
ƽ´˿ȴԵֻӴЩ̣ʶȴûѡ
˽ʲôãֻܹԼǣȴǸ˽֮ˣ˽ɺã
ƲƲ죬ʶ뷴ʲпɲ˼ָζǰŨɵӺŪô
תһ룬˵ĺ黰һʱ䵽Ļֱ˻ȥ˵
ǰ֮£δȥĥЩ鰮ܾԼʮңԶһôֲл˵ܲˣȴ֮ʵͬӦ˵ʲô
˰ڽһֱʵĻʳҲûкβףֻ棬㽫ջеһһ˵
룬סʶĦ£һʹڽֱֳ̽󣬻ע·ϲš
ԺͬӦ
⣬ΪΣ
һԴסͷϺ۾ε˵ڡ
ȡֻ֡ԽԽȣطʵڴȥתҪ뿪ʱ̫ŻԼԼסǾô˵طˮãҲ뿪
ں濴ͬͬ뿪ᳶǺָֻ糣ܾӦ˲ǰ򵥡
л˵
ȽϪԪʫͣСͷͼǿϣҵδıȡҸڡе֮⣬׳־߽δͽ


47 
ӦĲϲѾ, ȫΪźԵʣӦӪҴĸ߷֮˶, Ϊδⲻ
Ӧ˼, һ˼, ǲĺͬ
˵ϻ, ȴͨӦദǻ¡
һڰīԸæ˳
ôԶ
īԵͷ˵ܲ˵Լ˵Щ黰, , ŶԶЩ
ȥӦЩЩʲôǿԱ㽫Լ̰Щһϸ飬ұҪؾ㲻ظ¡
īǲ, ˵Ҫ丮Щˣ
һۣЩʲô
, һƿƼţʱü
ǶҪ, ĸ, һԱ, δҲ̫
һɺԣǰôûЩ޳, Ѿūź, ͳֻһˡ
ͬ, ˸۱ȹõȥ
岻ʣ˶
ҪһǺͯͬȥ֪ʲôԷ
ȥɱʱö࣬һ·ҲǺµٶȸϻؾ
丮ӶЩģһ·Ϸ¶ʵܲˣҲԼǴ֮ԹʵҹʱʱĿǿӱ޵˾
СʵδӭǴ޴˵ϢӭӣԶӰЩȵüδ㲻ģ
޴˼˹ݲһȥһƿӲ鿴֪鲻ãæȥֹһ
޴һһɤߣСȭߣ޴Ӳ֣ȵ޴ŭйĲ࣬קʱѹ˲ʣҲǱ
ǰϣһɵЦһ˿˶һۣ׶Է롣
λ޴˴ǰͷһŹȣ⼸޼Ҵǰ㰮յǰ
̬˵Ϊ˵Ǽҵˣʾģ㼿㲻ʤںá
޴ʮģһѱһŲűߣ£ϳΪֻɺƥĺΪݽ棬װʧǰС̼ǵóջϳ˵ϻҪϳУΣһ
ԽԽף֪СүӣʫƽõĹζű˿ԼΡ
λ޴ˣɲǸ˼ҵӣĹȥ̻пȥˣĻǵ¡
޴һƬȰ֮ĽбҲҪȻ£Ŵ޴ʹһźãСүǰͬЩʱձĵ˵ŵǹţǵÿձȥ߶š
޴һ㶣Ҳ벻Ǻʱգֻ˵滰˵ͷ¡
ƿȥٿ䲻٣ʱˣ޴˻ǿЩȥĪ·ʱ
Сүĵգһ˶ǵãΪȫȻܲʣϷȫ
丮˱ѹΣŮ뺢ͯһͽֹţЩ⣬Т۵ĵȯױѺֻͻعš
δүˣ˼죬ʳڣر𣬶丮֮ӦҪرܣʵ޷ȫȻᡣ
δڣɷдıȥ죬ڹٳӦһЩ
ҲЩʺ᲻̧̧֣ŹһЩˣ丮ĸδá
˲û˵£丮ıӻȻȫΰãлδжϡ
ʵ뷨Ϊ֮ʣܾӦǲǰ
⣬ӣҲǧֻ
˻̽ǲϲлƵƼֵĺοҵģ
ǸӺ޽һ¶ԽԽïʢ⺢ӳضǸˣвǳȥˣضбĻᡣ
ǸӣЩң֪޿ɺǣȴ޷ǣΪǺӣֻǲ˴֮ڡ
ӣȴУֻϲԼѹУö֮ػỵӡ
ΪǸӣǲſ¡С޿ܣԸԤ˭뵽ʲôģȵܵҲǿ˵ٶҲá
ʲôһʱס龹ͬĲһźĻԭǲɱǺӵġ


48 
ΪҪɱֲܽ丮˶ɱ, ɱҪ༸˺ң಻, 
ɱֲǸһݵķ, ֮˶Ȼһ, ɱǸ, ԴԴϲʤ䷳
ֻвʺǴţֱ֮ǳҸزĵطűǡ
֮˹߻ݸ߲ȵͣھУݵλ͹ǻȥˡ
ϾմŵѪԵϵ, ϴ֡
ԭԸɱ˵˿ȴҪ丮Щ˷ɢ͵δȥŰġ
üչģ, ЩͣҲҲ⣬±㽻죬ȫķӡ
ˬӦ, ؾеæܰЩ
ˡ, ݵ丮һ˹ΪԱڽһѴֻ̣޷, ʱܱסⶥɴñҡ
Ǽ, ⱾʵҲûʲô, λСʵ⣬ҲԽʵ
˵ԼǹӲŵĺ, ɵõһ, ˦ںعȥˡ
Ľű, ʶԶȥĳգգۣ֪ΪԼƺҲδ˵ʲôΪε̾˿
һ·˹УȪߵź򣬺һ۲ȥﻺС
˫ۿڳرߵʯϣڵռɫѣƣ
һȥʱãūڹܼǹţÿҲ˯Եû˾񡣹һū澱ʲôˡ
ܻ˵ǰϲݻ龢ź򣬵صĶ֡
ǰᣬȵ׼ҴϹŮ֪Ϊֻ˵ֶˣ
ƽкȴһ
ΪǸģԼҪʲôҰĴȥҲ㣬ɻع֮տ㻹ڱڣԭΪмģȴˡ
ۿȴ滨꣬û
Եйһ׺ͣźļˣദǽһ㣬ϲǰ˵˼أһ±ԿŪ¡
ǰΪǶӲͣ˵Ļȷмֵ֮µԵú۸Ƶġ
½ֺοЩ£ǰűųţȥǶͨ籨ţƽմ㲻ֺǰ֡
Ƕ϶ϲߣԼ꣬һǮưǡ
Լ御ȴڵϾþòԼڹУֻڻҲǿϵġ
⵹ϡ棬¶ӣǰźȥػܲˣǮƲٶЩˣοһơ
ū澣ūĽˣֻڹԶԶá
͵شˮϵߵǰ뿪ȴ־ûƣ̽ϢΪĽ
ɣ˼ȴδ뵽һ㣬һ⳼һǹŮ涼ټΪ浹ҲˣֻΪ翵İ⣬ʵ˷ѽ⡣
ɣ˼ȴδ뵽һ㣬һ⳼һǹŮ涼ټΪ浹ҲˣֻΪ翵İ⣬ʵ˷ѽ⡣
ϼ棬ȴദ꣬ȼ֮ԵȲͶ˶ô
ֻջشǰ˵ѵĻΪͿǲڹд̫ãδĺöŽһȫϡ
ֿɺʵڱɣƾмɫմǲݣĪ׼˼䴫Ϣ
ʶˣ
عĻ㳤ȥ֮еŹŹţū֪ǰʲô
ûЩ˵мţҲ棬ػ߶ڳ
ǲ⣬Ϊλ˼
ǸжеֿΪ˼Ǹ֮ˣūǱģ֪ж飬˸ѵá
ôüãʵ벻ĵɿ飬ǰΪƿϢֺǰװװӣԽľٶı֡
˼ãĻ룬ɻû˵ȴס˫ȡ
ū֪ݵͼ䲻ˣ֪춨Ե֣ū澲룬ֻܶ˱á
˫ͨ죬ͷ
ҲΪѣȥ˻ǱˣִȥգԸ⣬˼ҡ
Ϊãȴϣһؿͷ
Ǳ˵ֻҴŵڣⷬ˼֪һ֪ΣͷĽῴõ㣬ԼӲҪġ
⣬ⷬȫЩ֣һǻθֻܷ֮ýȥ
ȴǵúϲҡͷū澴δҪ빫ǰҲֻŹ˳ɻܵõ˴ͨҲǺõģǹԸ⣬ū澻ź򡣡
ͨŭЦ˼ҵ㲻Ը⣬ҪȥͨǰΪ֪صģĪǻͷ˵Щ뻰
žߣȫȻܹڵϵ
ͷУ˿̺޲óȥ⣬󣬻빫һ
δСܵͶĿ⣬ʱĿڡ
Ͱ˵ģȥǵöЩʱʱұҸ˼ҡ
ֻ̫ûӦ£ԸˣҸȥĸף˵Ǳ˼ҪƴٳŮ£㽫ȥ߹ش硣
鲻ԸӦ£֪е뷨
ˣ˿Ҫ빬Ժ󰭲ʲô¡
ź֪꣬²࣬ȥҲʲô
δ̫ǹδķ
δ˵꣬кϣ⻰ǴӺ˵ĻԼǳͷ֮ԣӵδ
ū丮ſڣأܾ˶Թмġ
Σ˵ǵ˵֪Ȼ졣˵һֱۣ뿪
Ļʵֲ֣ǸˣնһŰô
ԽԽ죬ŵںʾ֭˵˵ʲô˵֮ԡ
ҹԺȴĻǵþжһͼоͻ׼ͨһҲˣǲ֪ûиϡ
ڱз˸Ŵߵĵ񻨣δƣԼֽ̨̿ţݲд¼֣Ÿ롣
Ÿһ·ɳ⣬һԺӣ˿̸붨˵⼸շ£ŸӹзΪ£ǰȡֽ
ȴ鼸֣༺ˡ
л˵
Լ˸·棬Ҫ¸ݲϲҶ̲סҪ˵


49 
ֽݳȥ, ˯̤ʵҹû˯ĥŽ༺Ǻ⡣
ʵڷú, »鷿, īԱŲɸ, ʵģ, תͷһ
ҹãӷŵ˲֪Ҷ˳ô
īԱѵһͷˮŸȻ鿪ϣʵӣǹǶʲô£
һ, Щƿ, ðʵ޴ȥֻÿīԡ
īȴǸģǾȣӱʫҲ֪༺˲ҪӽԺô
, ߻û˵ڣ, īܶʲôǲֵ֪ĺ壬ֻǲ֪ҹǺ⡣
Ҳ˵Լ, Щھ, ǰһ, ǲҪ˲ŻŮӡ
ڵ඼ھ¥У߽, Сüɢȥ
ٿԺ, ý, ѾҲޣķԷﴫﻹǵһ
ȵȣѾߣ
ĸ֮ǰīѾߣһϲ鷿˱ˣĪ´ǵ죿
ԭǳԷɴأ˲תŲһתطȥīԸ쳣
ӲҪȥ鷿
˿Щ⣬ȥ鷿Ҫ˯þɫЩ
īԲ֪׼տȸָλȥ
ڶգѵıն磬īԽݣ¹ǰվã˰λǾòЩ
ɥչҲô̫ҡﶼǸһֲٰ죬ƽհʱڴǣϺõûʲôġ
ǰҲЩ̬ܾüʱôúЩȥѡ˼ɫƵĳۡ
īһᣬеЩīȴ⣬˴۵Сۺһᣬֻ÷
ٳǰ룬תͷȥ˶Ƕ밲֪ԼҵܷܵĴ£Ҷи淢֮ȴ˿ͷϡ
ʱ˻ͬѾ˵ɤЩƣ˵ãţڣĸǸľ
ˣ˿ɲô׷ߡ
游ǸֺԼ󲮸ˣ󲮸һ겻ǶǸˣǸӶǱΪ飬ý췭ظ˾ˮ
ֵҿҶϻۣûۣ㸸ײǸТģҶȰȰһҲٻȥҡ
޷˵֮ԼΪŲĸ׵ģֻԻʼҶһǣᶪ
˲֪ûֻ˰۽ǣ˵µ࣬û˯þ丮¡
ڶǰйһͨȻ˯⣬ҹһû˯ˣҲϢϢǱڰЩȥ
ĸһӿˮͷ˿ϵ·ˣĸûע⵽ˡ
ﶼûõӦһȥе밲֮ȥǶ
ֻȥû㵽æţûռ˸ŸϲÿЦһ񣬴ظ
ʱīԶܵϵĵѹԼڸУϿظ
ǱֻǴ˿̫Уʵڳ鲻
̫ɫΪ̥ŰĸŮ˭û˵ƫŭ˵
аԵԣУЩ̫Ĺ֮ԡ
̫ŶĿƶЩţüͷȴ顣
ĸγмѡǺȴƵеĳš
̧̫ۿûаңҲܽɣҲ˳ˮˡ
̫ȵ۸鵭֮ŶԺҲǰı仯ʮԣǾɵ۶֪β֪
֮󣬺㲻Ըδ빬ÿÿ뿪ĸŮ˹ϵԴԶ
̫丮ŮСܵĽ̻Ҫ丮Ϊأ˴̫ϳʵ֮⣬ΣԺԵɣһţƼ̫㲻֪οڡ
ͷŲյƯĲҶĸΪҪ֣ͬ
ʼ֮ʲôԣΪԼδ׽ֺ֡
̫ˣ̧ͷǾǿ飬Ϊĸ״ǰǰãΪ븸֮ڲˣһвĸôûģ½飬ô
ǰ֮ĸף̥ʮ½£̫һ˿顣
ĸԶް飬ΪҪ
̫ḧӣͲţܹˡ
ȴˣ̧ͷʺȴǰ飬ÿղҩȴǰֹʡ
ܹ˰ڲӣ޸㸸ʲԸȴ˵ֻ֣ҵŮ縺ż˥衣ʵأӵеһжҵģԼ嶼
̫վߵǰڿϸϸеĻ
㸸ʼɵңÿһҩһΣλǧǱһʧ˭뵽ʹ㡣
ҶǸŮ
ʧ߳δ빬̫ĻصԺ
֪Լĳı˺ܶ£ҵĳı˿գɵһȴΨû̫뷨
ԭΪ̫ͬ˼ȴˡ
̫޸ɵۺܹྴӣɵۼɵȻԸ׽ֱĳ˹ϵиơ
ɵǸŮҪӸƣŮȻ϶Ц
ٵıҪƣ̫ʶ࣬Ը뾰ɵίߣɵֵڣתͷȥӹС
̫˼ҶǸŮȻǳʱû
̫Ը丮Ю֣ѡԶϸľٶ˵Ϊգ֪ᰤ̫󲻿֪ܲ
Ȼ֪ҪȥǱ޿̡
Ȼջعʱ̫˵Ļ̸̥һ±֮֮࣬ǰδ룬˼һ̫Уϣӵĵ
ĸźںδ
ĵмͷ𻰣ҹ﷢˼δ̫ܵҽȥûˡ
˻˼Ǳ̫ˣһˣ̫벻æȥδ빬źţֳδ빬Ĺˣֻ¼ź̫ġ
һУŷʧȥ̫ණٴ뿪
ҹǳ£̫ʹֹѼ˺죬ǲá


50 
δ빬ƻͨ, ̫ҽԺ̫ҽ俴ŹŮһֻš
¯ȼ, Ѭû, , ˶, ڿҲԵûǣƬվߵߣִϴһֻ̫÷Ŵ͸
ȥ, ˵̫ѪѾֹס, ֻڻ˯š
ߣȥơ
̫Լ鲻ˬһֱţ˯űȥơ
ѪζŨ, ˵Ѫô
ŲԵζЩ̫ҽ˵̫, ÷硣
û£ҲδյߣֻԶԶ, йŮŲ, һá
, ֻԼǸˣ, ֲԸ̫Լв, ׼ȥ
߳δ빬, ȴ˽ס˵æ󲻱밲
˭ĸŮ֮϶Ů˵С
ý˿Լɫ֪ˣתĸ󣬺úñ塣
ί΢ʣ丮̫֮ȴԹͷϡ
֪ĸŮ˵ĶԻֻ̫丮֮¶ⲻ֪̫ߵһС
˵ȥһԽû˹أĸǳݵ˵ģ´ҶҪ㡣
˵ձ㲻ٹֱعȥ
δ빬˷Ĵ󣬹¶ϢСʵǶҲ⡣
СĹźҹľԽԽ٣δ빬ôһ֣û˯⡣
ϿЩЪϢɣδ빬Ǳ̫ҽţʲô¡
Сʵ۱űڴһǣùչʵ˵ĸһ̥ᰲô
׼˼ֻ˵Щû̫︣ȻĸӾ
СʵЦһĸӾδһ̥Ǹˣ
⻰һ֪˵ԼԼ²⣬һ亹
⣬˶ӣ̫๬Ůǲֵʱ㰮˵ЩлūҲ𹬹˵
Сʵƿֻ£æ£ֻ˵ӣʵʵ߶
Сʵվڴ߿δ빬ķӦǺš
˵ǸӣָԴ
ᣬʻֻԶȴһش
ɫ𽥰֪̫һ̥סˡ
繫˵Сʵɿ֣طһ졣
ڶպʱɫ̫ãСʵһֱãΪ룬˵丮֮¡
Сʵȴذڰ֣ɻʽϱǣлʽұ㰲
ȴûӦ£ôԣһ֮ȴջҪİģЩҲٹЩ¡
丮֮ǱΪã¿죬ȴ
Сʵ۵ûƴǣ˵ͷ
Сʵ˵ܽȨкҪ֪Сʵ۱زپܾʵҲˡ
壬ǺȻʲôƵģʵҹδ빬ǿǳ֣ǲĸǳʲô£
װ֪Ҳֻ֪ܵδ빬һһ֪ĸ޴󰭣ǡ
Сʵţһʽ㽲ұ֪ҹգҶĸ񣬺Ͷеİƽƽ
ǵЦһָֻͣЦգƫģľǰˣǸã⻰²ǻԴףĪǻֻҪܵ飿
ǸŮҵĲźãϿɲֻΪ̰棬ǵδò졣
СʵЦЦ˫ջţǰ֪ҵ˼ǸܵܣвͶһˡ
غ̫̥֮£˵̫ҽ˵ԼĪǸж⺢ӳֵʱǲԡ
СһĺӶв̫󣬺֪еĲ˵˵ġ
ˣæĻʱ̰棬˵ҲΪѡˣѡѡкϻġ
²żӵҲɫ֮ˣ֮˵
΢ΪҲûЩۣʧȥʸоʣһλӡ
Щʼϡ٣ɾɵֵ׳겢ûã϶ӣ˭û뵽λͷϡ
ѵǴλЩ˱湧֪룬Щα֮ˣӦ
Ҳϲܳұͬһ飬֡
˻һѵܹģСʵ۲Ǵ⣬ӳСʵ۵ͬ飬Ǹӹ
ѡǼ£ĸļǻ֧֡
̫ĺǱеͳﵫôҳŮ´ࡣ
СʵڵӣоǸҩӣ֪һûһغ
Сʵ̫̥Ϊ֪뿴ӹľ
ܵûδϱԺӣǸʵܲ޷죬ֻԸЩлϲģɢүңɱͷۡ
Сʵ⻰ϵĸݸΪֳȻǵð㲻ϲҲҪóֳϺúý
˵գͷںϣŰ㣬һٸܵҲ䡣
Դ˲Ҳ㣬ô
Դش𣬡Ȼ
á
Ž˼ֻȻζСʵ۵Ļ˼ԲδĺǰֵҲˣǲ㲻׷Źɲú֡
ͷֻСʵۼ°ͣθڲþҲǳһֱݵ
̫ҽҪ˼ǣСʵȻûȥȥ޷ƣҲǣΪʵвǵġ
ֻ壬һٺȥٳżꡣ
̫ǸӣʮϲһζŻλˣСʵ۵˼ȴûô׷֡
а̾λջʵ̫һõȨô׷ֻȨء
Сʵ۽ռ˺θڴǣ˰뷹ȥе㣬˿̵ģͬƽ˼ҵĺûʲô
ϯԼԶˣԺζֱָơ
ȸԾģкȻССʵڹģиͬҲá
СʵһӦ£ж䳤ĺӲʲô棬ȴԸԴֺġ
ϾҲֻкὫȥǷƣȴ֪⹬ǰȥ룬ù¼š
ùţСʵ˯£Żأ·俴ʲôһصɫ㲻á
е̫ҽɢˣ֮Ҳԡ
ȱıˣȻԣֻһκΪߣҲúúһɱӺЧȡ


51 
֮¾ͽȥ, Ҫǰ
ͬ޴ԼýڳһׯӼ棬Ҳţ;̫塣
ĸ̥, ޴󰭡ֻ丮ŷһ, ̫˳˽ᡣ
㱼æµ, ҲúúЪЪ, ޴˵´ɽԺؾ֮æŹڹ£ûͣݲ٣ζ
ת, Щֻ, ޴մɲСһǰҪ߳ȥ
ֵ֪ÿĬĬҲû, ޴һϹͷҲÿԼܲܽ
޴㵽ˣԺⲽ, һΪҴ˴ǱҪ, ں, һ򵥡
ֻû޴ϱ任ɫ, ξ
ָǽǿûûѿǾ, ˵ĺ˵, ǿ, ǹԺµǷ㡣
֪«ʲôҩ˳ָķȥ˰ΣӲûǿʲôֻ÷ܵصͷ
޴һŸЦ̫СЩʲôԭҰ䣬ͬƽĻ¶Ҫƣ޼лж޼վƽһߣҲǲܡ
ҲֻǸ֪мϢӵܣ֪Ϣͨ˷ڸ֪ƽֲһ㡣
޴ак꾫תƫƫúÿ˵޼ҷжͬȡ
ԼǼӵܣ۲òĸа̾
֪һ棬޴ͻȻЩ죬˵˿÷ǵܣ޴ԭƸ֮ˡ
ֻˣԸǸԸֵģֻʾ޴˵衣
ЩԸոռϷȥ裬ⲻǴԼýĽš
޴Ƽ˵Ļ̴֪գֻװûиʧ䡣
˱ˣԾ޴裬޴ɫãȺȲůůӡ
׼õģ˿Щ޴˺˿裬ı䡣
ޣεСӡ
ɿ˵ע˵¡
ûǴ޴Ͽλࣿ
޴˵˵ͷȻʮԺϵɫҲࡣ
ƣʤô˴޴һһżּЦ
޴ϴ޼ϷޣҲеٮٮߣû˲˵ӵܶûõóֵģֻԽԽ硣
˵ףҲһֱϵĻԻͣڹȥȴڱ䡣
ֻ֪˵öԣҲʱ·磬޼²綨ߵٳھ޼Ҷȴ֡
㣿ЩЦʹ޼Ǽѧֺ֮Ҳˡ
ţȴ޴ǹǫǰմ޼Ҽλڻ¥ΪһŮԴףֵǷ꣬Ϊ޴Ϊʰ̯ӡ
Ļɫ޴Ҳҽ˼ϡ
㣡޴ںȴƫƫ޷ֻּӵʵڲ
æԲ˵δ̫棬޼ҵĶɱ֪ģʢ̰棬˴ε˽ѵҲһҲΪһ¡
̨״޴˱£ͷǡ
̵֪Ĳ࣬Ҳý⣬һҪ޴ˡ
빫ֱԡ
ľ֧ϱֻ֣һ˳ţұõӣۿ¥¥䣬ֻһ˶ţ޴Ҳ֪е
޴֪ģѸߣӵֲ֮޼֧ţǽƣʱ³ֲҺ϶١
빫Ϊϳָ·
±иѵĻᣬҲ˸ѡֻͣǻӵ̫ƣЩõĺ
޴һòף⣬ĺֻ֪֣ͯǻġ⻹ǺõģЩֲʶһϰ
ϵȻΥ˼ȥ뵽һѵķӣֻֻд޴ܰ
ҪΪսѧãȵùһأɵ۵ĽѵǰȻģֻܽŸѡ֮£ջȳ²֣һ
ϴ޼ҵͶϣֱǧѷĺûᣬ޴ǸúŪģ˴޼ҵİæðࡣ
޴ЩһֱıһмֻԼһӱͷ
ֱ˵ǣϳضϹᣬ߾ȫΪΪϰ¡
һۣ֪Ϲ
˵Ҳ򵥣ֻ켸ѧúúýһЩĺͯѧò˱ͽ飬˼ȥѡŲźãһѧδЩ٣ݸҪϼϸвǵĺ顣
ӰһǶ࣬˵Ǹ˵ҲûеȥĵΪѡô
޴˲⸹̣ҪӦȴ⣬ڸؽѧǱȲСĿֻ֧ΪѡδЩ˲ƣƽɵ¡
µصڻҪѡİΣڽѧãĪǹҪЧ¾ɵۡ
޴˺Ȼ͵̧ͷºڲѣһһˣת
ǲףСԲ֪йϣӵİβѫ壬дѡĵ
˲Ҳ֮ǰǰºͣ޴˵˼ǻϲֻЩͿˣ
һñӿ£޴ŵùڵأϳ޴⡣
˵ϲڵĻҳ̾һ価ϧ޴˰޴ˣͬ˵࣬㾡Ҳδȥ
޴̧ͷ֪Ǻ⡣
޴޼һм⣬ΪԼı·֮ظ¹棬ˣ޼ֵʲôôЩ꣬޴˸󣬲˵ûʲôôŴ޼Ҷǰǰʵ޴ôͿӶô
һô޴˳ǰ޼ҵΪҳ˲û֮ʱ˲ȴҲȾͱ塣
ǣϳظ֪ͨлָ㡣
죬ͷĿ⣬ԷüǶʲԼ⡣
ƲΪԵõģջĿ⣬ȴ̲סǡ
һĻչ۵ףһԵĲյǳһڣס۵׵Ц⡣
ۼҪɣָ޴һҩ޴ǣֻΪ˻ѡˣ޼ŲٷɵȥһӦöȽԴӻ뱾˽г
޴һ㶣Ҫ֡
ҹζ࣬ȲãҲȲá˵գתȥ
δżȥڵõĴ޴ˣҾ񣬡¹ڴ˹ϲ޴ˣ޼ҷɻڴָ֮տɴ
޴˸ЦȻͻЩӦ
޴˿ҪΪ¶˵ʦǧŵҲô޴չգνǵ
źԽԽԶ˦⻰Ҵȥܲȫ޴Լ
δԶֻתǴͬ˵ʲô
Ҫ֪˸ĺôж£ԺҲЩ
˰Σֱòڣÿڲڻ¿ˡ
𽥷ɽӲ壬Ȥڹ߰£Щôϲ
컬ࡣ
źıӰԶȥʹ˸ɫʲô£żҵˡ
ڰīֳӰ˵ʲô
л˵
رͼϱ˵ġ
ps:һԶѷˣǱĵķ滹ûãѪ


52 
δֱӻع, Ƶȥ˹ڴի̫δʱҵĸ㡣
һȥϸˣԶԶ㿴˼Ÿ, ƽ, 㿴, ɽղ֪, ˺棬ʾ⵭ȥơ
˼ûոǹսһӲӰҲȥ
м˼ңŻ, ɻ, ˵ؽСС˼ʲô
Ƴŵū˵, ѫӳҡ
üⲻܡ˼ʲǸܶ, Ҳţ˶ãҪӭȢ۳, ͷֻҪǸ˶Ӧ֪ʲô
˵Ų, ȴܳʵ, һŵݶ
һһҿȥδ˼ʣͷһظ, , һʱһߡ
ܿ콫֮˳, ˼ʣǾ裬鿴һȨŻС
̽ͷֻɨһֻۣƼ˼һˣģ뵭˵޶
ǻʽ
˼ȥô²㺬ȥֻ˵ƾܲƾŲ²㽫ͱʽǶȥ
˳½ǣȶˣЩʲôء
뵭ŷ˫ظϣظ֮ǰס
˴۵Сۣܾ⻰ʵԿڣ˰˸еķӡ
ͬ˼ʹϵҵ˼ǣ֮˵Щܱ֪Ļô
һ㶣ʲô֧֧죬˸ϵĻĺȻ˼ˡ
⻰ʶˣǸ֮ˣͬиӵܶЩǲ֪֪ʲô֪Ļ
ţӵܶһլң
޿ܡһڷϣҲǳĺ֮ˣɳ£ߣҪҽ༺԰㻰
ʶǵվԶĵͷһۡ
Ÿﰵ˭˵ˣ֪治֪Ѱġ
ĪҪ˵˵˵ֳԼȥˡ
ͷѵȴ¹˼ʵʲô£Ƕ˵ҪôòиҪһڡ
еӵȦӣһЩ˽´֪֪һǡ
ܵȵ㲻𼱻ֻֽ˵ڡ
Ҳ˵ֻι֪˼
ĪҪȥǽǣ
գգ۾ֵص˵ͷֽ͵ҲǽǣֻͬһȥƱɡ
ֻ뿴˼ǴլԺǷˣûȻԴϲµıС
ϾǸδĹжԴ̽жЩִ֪Ϊαæ
һٸ⣬źȥ˵ǽǣʲô¡
լԺǣ˼ʲôҲһʱǰȥƼʲô۾
ƫƫȲã㲻˵һĪǶǼٵġ
˸üģã˵Ļܲӡ
½򵥲һǣƫƫļ
˿ѵЩ˺ĻſլԺݶǼ̫¡
ںǰɫͷһأǺƬ档
ڹ洫ŮӵЦżżӦ˼ʣֻЩʲô
֤ȷ䣬ɺȴѣָζԻʽ˵ʥּ²׸ģ๫֮£οʽ㡣
޻δţͷң˼ΥʥּҪܷǲ˵ͬŹڹ۳
˼ʺ޵ĴȴҪûʽԡ
˼ҲǷе㣬ɥչܲסԼ͵ȻкƼǵҹﶼҪơ
۳¼˼ʶռǼ۳ºͣ˼ʵЩضҲһɾ£񲻽Ľҡ
𽥰˻Ůӵ\\ӵĴϢ
һ𣬽ӲתͷԭΪ˶Ầߣ֪ԽԽڣֽճȭ
ԣæźĺݶĬĬҲ˵
Ѳ㻹Ҫȥɣ֪Ȱסαһ⣬ЩԻ
һۣһҵ۾
Ҳֻδ˼ʣ
źӣ˼ʶûкùӳԣ¹۳š
Ҳò⣬ûǾ¸֪ʽ㣬ɻʽԸᡣ
ڶһȥO۳źɰǻϲ
Ӧȥ㣬´㣬ôÿң
ʽɰվԶûʽ˼ô
۳Цģ˴ɰܵûµġö˶˵
ûʲôݳ£һԵߣ߻̵ְֽ̫ģ۳ֻǽĲû±
ôˣǰֳʲô£۳еĺɰ˶Ϻϲĸ㡣
治֪˵˼ʵ£ֻ̽ʵͬ˼˽ôͨš
۳һǸ֮ˣƽ޹˼ʺ£˱ض⡣
лֱ˵
ˣֻýŶ֪˼ʲ䣬Ż¡
۳ȴҡҡͷ˼ʵĻǸʶµģ׸ġ
֪۳Ĺǣǰľ˵ѵ޼Ͷϣۼֱ֮ʴǰռҵƴͬ㲻ίԼ
۳ҡͷɻǰð˵˼ʲ޸飬ŹȥûãѲɾ޷԰ˣ
㣬кжǣα˼ʣ
ռӵڶ࣬Ҽ޹ȥһҲࡣ
㣬Īû˵ףָңҪǣ㡭
δ˵ͱ۳ϣֻǣҲ޸˼иأܲһڵܵõ֮£Ӧңֻá
Ļںδ۳ģİǶׯ֪Գ֣ȴãֻš
㡭
۳̧֣ʾ˵ȥ˼ʲҪֻҪռʶʱɡ
˼ǲҪɰҪݳ֣ΪҪԷƱĴϻʤҴӣ֮ˣֻǰȴǰԾ
۳̧ۿԾ֣
㱥ʫ飬ѧʲڴ֮£ֻںլ֮ǰװ˷һ죬±һ谢æֻǲ֪Ƿϡ
۳ֲԾ߬˺׹۵ס
Oһ۳Ѱ׵ֻǲܾ˼ʣӺú
˿̾ྩٹԭǣӦһ˱¡
л˵
Ҫɻ


53 
Թ, ǲ̰ȥŹ̰ҪݸǼǵģҪ, ȴҪ, Ϲذ
ԭǵĹٱ˵Ϊ, ȴ̯, ҪǮ͵˼
Ӧ꣬Щ˵Ŀ˽⣬ʹ˸ɫǮǹٱ
ٱеţֱ˽˹ȥＸ䡣
ӦţĪ𲻺õԤС
ٻʱ, ٱû֮ǰϷʵɫ, ǲͷеǮ˻ȥǿ߰ɣûͨ粽, ȥ
ӦôΣ̰Ҫͨû, Ǯһֻ۱һֻۣδֽǮҪ
ˣһ²һ, Ӧ°˰, ʾ̰˲ظ, һǡ
ȴٱס˵˲ܱ, 
Ӧ̲ס, ǰȥʵ̰ԭ·, ֻһ˱Ҳô
Ҳ̰ˣ̰֮ûͨͬ߶
⻰ǿʶ̰еͨΪ˷ֹ֮£ýЩ׳֪͢ǵĶ֮ҲܹЩûнֹ̰֮˳еĵ
ۼŹٱĲԸȥӦתȥǰͷһۣǹٱͬʲô˸
ӦȻж˲ԸȥסĲԹ飬Ӧ
֪ʵݻҪԶ׼
Ǵɻһ·½вͨˮ·
ˡȥ˾Ҳ˰ۣкһ̻վ롣
Ҳûţڶձȥڵţ˼ʵֵûʱ
ãŲſ߳һѾ֮˿ˣ֣߳һŮӣ֮ˡ
ģŮ۳ȫͬԭ˼ϲС˵Ůӡ
תͷ˵ʲôȴƼŮЩ񣬺˿ֿ˿Ůӣô
ҡҡͷܾļ
͵͵Ͷ󣬼ǽһҩȻżŮ˭
ڣǰҲһСҳڼңǣɽԺһº󣬼ҪôҪôնףкܾûڼҵ£ûǰڼҵС㾹˵ز
ڼС㣿ɺôӲǵڼλС㡣
һٳţǰλСүһ㣬ֳ£żǵá
üͷռһϽ˲ͣڼСת۱СүĺãͶ˼ʵĻ
ֳϴǰ֮£̾ôҳͿȥ˵ң
ڼжǰĹӱҪһ棬ŮӱӻüѣͶ·Сѡ޿ɺǡ
˴СӳҩԶҩ̽СӲģͶжҲС²ɻ
˵ҲɣҩǶ˵ޣȻ׾ٱõСӿҩ
пκ׹ζҩչͷȥƣûףҲ̧ͷʲôҩСӵʲô
СӵòС˼ʵòڷÿ׹ٿʧȥ
һʱ䶼ʧ
ֱ߳ҩЩԺСӲԸôΪβ˼ʣϣ
ȴȻϣֻ²򵥡
СǽռҶҵ侮ʯȫ˼ͷϡ
ֻ񵽴ˣǴúó˼һºˣȫСӴ͡
߰ɣҲȥռҼ̫
˼æһ죬ûŻظͬŸȥСӡ
С֪簾ţһݱǰȥ£ֶϵҰһ磬쳢տǱȴǰ٣
СӴǰҲǸʮָմˮģڳϲͨżѪ˼³Ķֻ˵ڡ
˼һСµĳǰԵЩһʱЩΪѡ
СһüʱС죬մ˵θԽ꣬ȥմ˲졣
˼һ§סСӣֺõͻЩңҺȻУ붾ҩֻҪҲȡ
СЦЦ˼һڿںţϵЦʧ룬ָֻЦգôúô
Щ֡˼ЩŹ֣ζЩζҩ
Լ˵æ͵֣ȴӰζվտ٣ֻЩ½ǡ
СӶʱûЦ⣬ʧص˵ͷ˼һʱЩ޴룬˼Ըǲ˵˻
˵ʲôǵ㲻ģ㾡ܸңǸ˲˵Ҫҡ˼СǰЩСǶ˼ġ
ʲô㣬մլԺЩʲô񲻳˸ˡ
˵գСӲȥ˼ʿ
˼ҲܣԸ뷨ͽСȢؼУ˻Լ˻Լ˾˵ģ֮ǰ۳Ļ
۳Э飬Ż£ȴ˺بС֮谭
Ҳ̫ã丮ˣовʣ粨ȶұȥ۳Ǹ˵ģȫҡ
˼ʽС§ڻУѹ˵ŰĻȴСӵ𽥺
ԴӺСһ˼ʻոʱһձһҲǳ£̫ԭֵæ뾹ǵ
˼һղԣгڣĸ׺۾תȥ
һʱСӵ鱻
˼ǹԾһ°ھֱǰТ游𷣡
̫Ѫӿָ𣺡лԼվҪ¼ޣȴɳ£⾩ˮ룬Ҫռķô
οҶռϷ磬޼Ͷϣռ䲻޼ǰǸǽͷݣҲʼҽҪһһҡ
ųǶһ鱣õǰȫ˼ʶͣһƽƼ
ϣǳ׵ʼң졣
̫˵౾Ҫ֪˼ԣýȥ۳ǰһȴһ֪СӣеСӰΣվҪߡ
һٶһ̫סؿЩιȥ˼ʸҲǰֹʲô¡
˼ȴͦתȥĸӼᣬʶ
˼ֹסŲͷһ񣬡ĸף޹ģһнҶ𣬾֡
ֻ̫˼ʹϣΡΡվӣռҶҪȴͷСˡ
游۳ǶԼȥ˵ҳеռҡ
˵תСӴȥ
˼ոСӴȴҪ
ΪβԸߣ
л˵
մɺҩ


54 
ɽԺһˮʯ, Щȴ޷ı䣬ǣңȥˡ
Сǹִ, ˵ʲôҲ뿪˼ʡ
Ī, СӲϲ˼, Ҳͼ, һһԶ뾩ǣǸ£СȴԸ⡣
˼ѱߵĺʱЩ˵һǧ˰ٵķʲô, ο໹Ըί
ûкͬ, ֻСĲ֪ô˼֮һ۳Զһ˺Ϊָһ·, 御
ذɣĶҲȥ, 
ȰСȴȻվŲյֹס, ʸûô
ƾʲôͿô׾ͷһ, Ϊ߸ȻƲⲻֶ, ֪˼̤֪֮֮࣬ʹ
ûбķӡֻҵȥɡ
Сסʹ, п, 밲οȴֲ֪˵Щʲô
˼һԺӱƼһĻ, ΪСʲôһʱҲ˲𱰣첽ǰסСӣһ
ûϵռûûס˼ʣʱܳ⣬СӶģֻϧ
ֻԼ˴˼ھӵѵõľɣĻǸѽĿǰ֮ͬӡе˼ʶϺš
ֻСӣȴûƳСӵ˼治֪ɫǻ軹֪װ֪
СӶδ˼ǰһ䵭Ļ
˼ʲδʲôףҪͿͣСЩԥСȴܿĿ⡣
ҲźҪߣǰ⿴˼һۡ
˳ź󣬺ų̾һδɿ֣ǰߣ飬Ҳδʲôס
ƽտҲǸɱϵģôһ±ͿҪǣ֮ѹܵģȴƫƫȰ
Ҳ֪ͣ½Ųһһ˵ΪʲôŮҾֻЩأʽǣСҲǣڹУҪôϣӣҪôֻʹЩıƣɼȴΪ
Ůӵô
һȻ׺ΪСӣСʹٶĲǣȴֲԼĲǡ
һںլУ۽ʶҲڿŮӵȻУɸСŮңΪΪ
Ůӱʫˣͨ˼ҵŮء
ãкõĹޱҸ˼ΪūΪ澡
𱰹ˣûʲôԣȴֽкƽ
Сͬ۳ʱѹ˲ʱա
۳æŽ飬ͽ˼Сӵ⣬ȻЩ
ˣСԸ˼߱ŰɣһԸһԸȥ
дϸϸţΪϾ¹صɽԺ֮£ļ֣οڼҲ޹Сģʵڿ
۳±ʣֽžŴߵĹ⿴ַۣ£ǸʵܳɽԺһ£ҲԩҵСҲ˴ѡ
ȴû˵δز֪ɽԺ֮±è壬ֻʱۣûҲ
߲˵˼ʣ㼱ҴҴ뿪Щԥ
Щԣ˵գ
ѹ˼ˡ
ͬ۳һȻδ뵽˼ʻ£ˣ
Сµ֣ռѾ˸ٸ̫˿ڻǶطСӺڼˡ
һ⣬æͬ۳ǣתȥ
·ϵŽǰһһ֪ԭռҲԸ׷ŹСӣҪ˸ϳȥ˼Ȼϣ̫һ֮·ųݻ˼СӾ壬ҪϾϵ
һռҼ˼̫Ψһӣ֮
˼ʲ֪룬ŴС˽
˽ǳԾ˼ʾʲôԻݵλʹȫȻˣһСϡ
˼ʻԼǸʮ嶯֪µôйδûְǴ
ȷˣ˵ū˶ţմ˾һɳ¡
˼ʴСһ·ϣռǶ֪˾٣ȥ׷һĹôҲ׷أȴֻ׷һʬ塣
մ˵ʬ屻˻ؾµ͵͵һۣ˿ھǰһ
˵Щ꣬úһ˾ûˣҡ
ʱ̫Ŀ޺ʹʧͷ˵
Сʵ۶ǰʲô飬Ϥ˶֪˿Щͷ
õ˲࣬˼ʿһȴͿ̫ǰ
̫ʣȻûƼСʵ۵׵ĲͣڼŮߥ뾩ڰ·ɱϧһƬģ¶ڼڱָʹּڼһѺΡ
Сʵָָϵľڣ̫ø̫ƣռҪȡ˼Ϊű뾩˵ߥޡ
⣬˵ĻŰ£
벻ŵһˣ˼뾩ռҰڣ̫кҪ˵
̫һ㶣ýСʵطڼңйͷŭȴСʵ۾ռҵ
Ϊְ͢شΪһռ֪ﲻʱ֪ȴ֮£ǵɷΪһֽô
̧̫ۿСʵۣ˵ʱֱ˿̲ʶǴǰСʵۻЩϳ˵ʱǿѲڡ
̫ʧȥԱ߾δƼ
ڡ
Сʵ֪ΪζֵԴȫȻ֮ǰ̫ǰģ
ﻹԹţб͹λ˼һֶλȥҲˣƫƫûкѡ
žڵһͣСʵⷬ˼ȻûȻֻúСʵ̫ǣǺҲǺ¡
ԹӢѹ˹أ˼ʱɱ˫۶ǿϧϧ˼ʵĲܣдչȭ֮գǾϢȥ
СʵȴΪȻ֮ԱǵʲôӢѹ˹أǰߵдʣΪŶŮ˽ҪҪҲҡ
֪С֪Ů֮ĸС˵ıǼ⣬⻰УúüУ㳤ι⾰
˵˼֮£ҵټһСӡ


55 
СӱѺ, רŹѺңר˿ܣһĴβ̫ͬ
Ҳ֪ԼΪҪ, ʱ, СϵѪδ, ʱ̫ѱϺɫ, ߰ߵ㲼ϣԵЩ}ˡ
Сɱȴ쳣ƽƼˣһǰǸģͬ
ּ, ָҵ, ׷ΪȺ͹̫ǰɽԺңı㶼ɹٸԭְڼж, ĸ̣ɱݡ
Сӵıɶ, Цƿޣл϶䣬ֻܸ, Ҹվǿˡ
ע⵽ϵ·մȾƬѪ, , СӲĿ⣬ָ˸½ǡ
һ, ֪ױȡ, ҿҪȵڡСǸп, ڷϵķ
ֻǸľɣЩʱգ˰ϧδж𻵡
СӺڼڣʹǰ֮˼ʲδ֣ռҵСӽкй˼ͷϡ
ռҶưոݣһ֮ռҶͬһйͷϣĸ׻ָԴ
ĸײ֮ˣĸ׻ЩѾ࣬ʹͻ»òôҪ˵乶游ȥˡ
ǺͬСڣСңΪ鲻Ϊȫ뷨ɺȴ̫ˣ˼ɡ
˶ЩĬûЩܣɽԺһı̫˵ˣʷʱѸд
СӺȻ˿ڣ͵ϣأҷסͷβûп۾ֱܸܵԽԽҲŸҵͷ۾ֱؿңֻûкޡ
תͷȴ۽ʪһ˳ջ䡣
ȻҡСЦǲΪҾͻΣ̫Ц
Сҡͷɺȴ˿̸Ɐ˶˵ĻģСǼŴǰСүڵ˼ʣ
Σǲɱ˼ʵģ鸴ӣʱԼ֪Լ뷨
Ұ˵ϴռ±½ϣȥϣ续ôʱѾܽˣɸĸ״Ҽãȵ۳УÿλЩңõʱˡ
СԹԵ˵ţĻӦҪǰδ˵һһ˵
˺ܺãɼĴ󣬿˴δ˵ʲô˴ҸͬŮԪʮ괺ӿɺã˳ҪԪʮ괺ӭȢңԪûеʮꡣ
ԪǾɵ۵ţһ糣Сӱڽޣɾɵ۱Ԫʮ꣬
ѲٴɽԺÿһ綼ڸɵ۵Ѫ֪ÿ¡
ߵǰȴСӽסתĸŮТһȥѰ֣ౣءУݳܹǶԲס
СɱˣǱĽ֣Ӧ£תȥ
ܶˣزһЩ˲һ
˼ʵھǼܴˮƽյĺԵѹٳͬŶദá
һʱҪԼ̴СӵɣȫѹɻδȵСӱʣȴСԾϢõĻͷϴľ
ľĥ⣬СԸ˼ӣ˷ֵʱѪһء
˵Լ˸սԼʧѪǳܰ쵽
СͷϵʱϵԲãѶ֮һ㶱еľᡣ
ӣǹȣ¾Ҳ£ȴûע⵽á
˼ʵ͹ٳԱı䶯ǰɽԺ೹׹֮ڣϵķ˲ʱˡ
һĹԱΣΨֱ֮Сʵ۵ϻ˵ӡ
֪ǸûضбȨĺûᣬСʵҲöԲߡ
ǸĲģǱȨǲģʽΪΣ
ȻʺкζԲߣֻ̽Դµ뷨Ҳ֪һ㣬۵˻ȥ
ϴᣬһ뷨
СʵЦЦͷ˲ļҾ֪ʲô㶼վߡ
˶ıȨĴսйķϣžλֻҷŭȫҲգֻǱȴ̫ð졣
üСʵ۾ҪĹô


56 
Сʵ۶˹̫ҩһ, üͷҲɼҲ޷ʧְ֮, ְ֮С
⻰˵ȷʵû, ʧְ֮޿ɱ, Сʵ۴˾ܽкù졣
õ˲, ɱϾǸгǸ֮ˣȳʣЩ֪˶٣ְʵڿϧȥ꣬ҲΪЧ
Сʵʵ˵ͷ, Ҳ, ǻʽȫ
˵գһԺŵ̫ĥ˿̱Ҫּ
˿Ǵգڻŵů, ȣʵ½, ܾ궯
СʵǸгģȴҲ˵һ仰ʹŤת, ʹӦ, ּּ, ôڡ
ɺ˼ȥδܴ⵽Сʵе뷨
ĵĺܿ죬նǰ, λ, ԭһ߾С, Щű߾ó𽥷չɼҲǿຮ֮ء
Сʵ۲δ͸¶ҪȥεأȺ֪Ҫһաʥּ£תء
ȥ˳⡣
أɵãԤϡ뾩Զָʲôǲϵ
Ŀຮвʲôֻһȥ֪ʲôʱܻؾ·Զټһ̸ס
ھʲô£㣬ﲻǸ̫ƽ֮أһȥ֪ҪԶ鷳
б£һز֮أİƸӣһǸٸܵĵطĲ¡
˸УȴԸԵ䣬̫ƽأҲı䣬ȥ洳һҲüʶرķɡ
δĻģܾЩӣãٹԱȥţЩԱƽ¹δʲôɼȴûʲôס
Ҫ˵ΨһĹ֮ͬǱԱΪӰ£ֻһͽкǡ
ʹ˸ɫʾī뵭磬ѹԺϴǰϵΪ׽֪ģǻϣģ˴ҪҸ׽ȨͿɼ˼
˵ޣȴҪԼۣԷ϶֡
̧ͷƼеĵǣȻ֪ϵĶɣֻǴǰ̫Сʵۻһ顣
µ˱ֻڻϣֻ壬Īٽȥ
Сʵ۴Ľ٣Сʵ۵ƢԻ˽⣬֪Сʵ۵ҰģԸСʵ۾Ļ˵ı
Сʵ۵Ҫ㱣׵ܣⲻ֪һƥѪǡ
Ĭţκ˵ͷȥŷġ
;ǧһ𣬺վͤߺ£䣬Ǵϻ⣬Щ񣬲֪ټʱúɻῪ
˺һۣתͷȥٻͷһۡ
ӰԶȥź֪ĵ˵˿̵ĸܣܾǼЩɬԾȥֱǵӰԽԽԶԽԽС
ʼûлͷԺʱǸ־ᶨ֮ˣǻͷᶯΥʥ˼
źվãܵʧ䣬ⱧԹĻδͬ˵
ȴҡҡͷϲֱҲԸͬ˵ЩĻԲ˵
ԶҪһ࣬·Ͽķ羰ƼȤ¶һһ£վĻؾ
Сʵʱ˲٣֮Ըдֻ˼
۳֮ǰڣŮѧ۳ţú˳
۳жãǾæŹоƣЩԹ˲ϾĻ˼ѧ֮¡
۳ȴǰҲ࣬˿ձͺ˵˵ѧ¡
ոյƼϻδЦ⣬ͨ͵͵ߵ߲쿴ʲô
һʶţæ̯ż۳Ȥ뿪˾ȴûߣÿһ˵ɼмǹ㡣
㾡ȡЦˣûͬ˵ÿնҡȴÿϸװŷ⡣
۳ס͵Цû˵Զ˺תͷˣÿռʱдš
š
һ㶣ȷûعţпգմڹУŲһطϤЩͬ˵
·࣬¶֮ʱдţˣ˼ȥȴ֪˵ʲôźá
۳а̾ϻۣԸһȴ̫޶ۣ֪з£㲻һǷ㵽Ŀյϣ˻֪дŸ
дǷ̫СںǼС£дԵ̫⡣
ȷʵδʲô£˼һǵ˵ͷдš
ŵʮ֮Ҫվţӱ޴ӾǸ
ֻһҳֽȴãڲסЦ⡣
īЩ棬ˣ˵ʲôǲʵĻɼ˿ģһɨ·ϵ̲ס̽
һۣСֽսУ
ʵеҲδдЩʲôңһ˵԰һԵķ治֪룬㣬˵СʱȻóԡ
дëƤС£ƫƫС²Ž
л˵
ұй˾ܣȴƶ˵ļңɶңҵĹɷݣһֻҵĹ˾ҵĹ£ֻۣ


57 
ŵٶȱ, ·;ңԶд̫˱Ÿ, ֻд֪ļ֡
ֽһһպ, бó, Խ˼֮ࡣ
Ҳæ, Ļ֮ʱСʵҹȾ纮ȴٳٲںͷϣ̫֮Ҫ, ǰͷ, еᣬҲûҪдŵʱ䡣
۳̽ʹ䣬ŴҲţǷæ, Ҳùһ˿ţСۻ塣
붼û, λԵǲ٣СʵȴǼɵλ֣ķֻǵùв
۳ǳĬ, ɵ۵ò, Լ˹ϵ, ҪصǰӣҲ뼸˶ѳ, ݵλľϴǰ۶ͬ
̫ҹ䷢, ӴϽʱЩãȻ, ֪δ빬ñ㼱æ´ЬҲ˲ϴ
ǽգ̫ҽ˵ӻд¡
ҹﻹЩæ£ֽסЬӲŷźߣź˵⼸̫һֱ̫ãܵҶ̫ҽδ빬ţ̫࣬ʲô󰭡
δ빬ڵѪˮһͣѪζֱӣ㷲ס֣۾ֱֱŵڡ
Ҫȥ֪ĹǣȰֻվ⿴ϼۣ̫Ƽǡ
ο̫˿Ļעõ
мǹ̫ûס̤Ѫζأ̫ҽ⣬˺ͣ»æ
̫ҽϻ̳Ͽֵģǲ̫ãƲסزʲôӣҪ̫ĸӾ
̫ҽԺԺة¶ɫıаҹ뷢׶༪٣΢ȱص߾ȫ
ͷѪļ߳ˣ̫ʹȥԱȫ
˿̺Ҳ˲ƹֱ֣ߵ̫ߣڴߣǿˮ
̫зӦæ˶ι£̫תѣ˺һۡ
ûкеǰ䣬·صܶǰ̫ӣ̫Ҳؿ
Ԥϵʲôס̫֣ǿ㻽ĸ޷ٽ˵ȥ
̫ס֣ʹ֮ʱһӤҪӱ̫󿴣ȴ̫תͷȥȥɡ
ס̫ʺ˼˶ûֻգ³Ļȥ
̫ɫ԰׺ѪɫϢԽԽ΢̫ҽȴסĪҪҡ
ֻҡͷʵĸдĸ󡣡
дĸֻһ£һ·
̫ȴֱֱֻŴߵĳƿ׷Ŀ⿴ȥֻ֬ɽˮ羰ƿԺʱڣɰڵС
ջĿ⣬ȴδżͷӦ£ĸұȥϣʱĸȻܵóԸ
̫ЦЦĿ˵㲻ֻͬ񣬶ҵѪҪڱӦңˡˡ
̫˿˵Ѳ̫ᣬôյ߲˵û
ҲҲ壬ҲТΪѹҶⲻһֽѡ
ҡͷ̫У̫ǰǰ㣬һûһµظźͷ߳źʱҡ
¶ҶڴжñҶᣬ
һһûϢ
⣬³Ļӻޣź壬һ֮ȴÿ£ֻüӤ϶
̫֮ǰΪһۣҲܺ뿪
̫ϣྰɵ£һʹʧ˫ס
ɥڻʹСʵĬĬţ27Ҳ֮Уֻлһ¡
³Сӿɻϰ޸ҵ
źŵ̫ҿӦ𣬡˵ֹǲ̫ϰߣճĺӶԼĪЩӱá
СʵۿŲԶȼ򣬸մ˿ǱЩȥɣίճİܡ
̫Ӧ£Ҫת㱻סȵȣЩС辪ʽ㡣
ʽȻָǺͶ֪
۳˿Ѹϵδ빬Ҳ˫ͨ죬·Ͽ޹öţ۳ϣ˫ۡ
˰Σݳȥ㲻صģĸĺ»æɫҹҲû˯ãЩȥɡ
۳֪˿һ˴ţҲûοȥ
ⲽֻƿǰ̫ź֣ĸƺϲֻƿӣ֪ʲôԵɣ
ֲδ˵ֻ˵̫ޣ빬ʱš
̫޵ĵøƹ沢ûһֻƿĻɫһҤǺ֮ǰʱ˵ģ
ϸϸ쿴ƿڻ΢΢ѺۣǸ覴Ʒ丮ϲƿ̫ޡ
Ȼѣͷһۣȴûżơ
ƿײиҤĿʶƿӣתƿײȻҤĿʶƼĶЩˣȴײһ԰ŵ
أһƬȴкжߣм侹ǿյģϸķĩ
˲һվŵ֣һѽƿ̫ҽ
иµͷĸһֱӲҲǴЩС֮һֱãΪδãΪ֮
סδ빬ֵֻعš
߸հ׵ƫֳѵһֱƫɥ֪̫
ƫʰúܺãδ빬Ҳδˣȥʱ˶ǰһصĴҵĶڵˡ
Ƶһţۿ̵˰ɣұ϶ͷ̨ĸҲѵ;ǺؼҵĽɽô
δ˵Уֻ˵̫ǰĻĸ˵ҲҲ壬Т
̫һֽ̳ģһΪ·ҪΪδĹĸСĿȾĲֻм֮й֮塣
ɵҹ淢ͻʱìԽ̫ѣѡ˹
Ϊ̵£ȫһ̵ֽĽ̫仰˼ȻҲܶ
ĸǰҪԣǣӦˡ
̫лǼǹżˣ֪ʱ̺ضӦ
͵վҪ⣬ȴסҼҵŮҼ
߳⣬ĸֺڽǰ㷲ӲǷ丮丮¿ǷĶ࣬Ҳ
˵գ˽ãŶԹ˵ĸͳұһžۡ
ȫȻ˹˵ĽкԶ󣬹˺Ȼٽлǳҡ¶ҶڴжñҶᣬҡڶı۾˯Ǹ˯С
Ȼ̫˵ҡĸʱģ󣬼ӱɽٳԼĺ
վãϵᣬת
̫ҽѾڷŵ㡣
л˵
ҡ԰ٶ


58 
ÿ, δ빬øͰƵĻ˶˼̫ǰ۸ڶӣȷʵ, ͷҶֵָܵ
ĿԽع, ĳ, תͷ
ȥСӱҵ, ǵźš
СӸճԱ˿˯ţͷϸϸţеĻӻŮ඼񾰳ɵۣ̫һЩ
뽫Сӵݸ, ȴһɫԾ, ࿴ۣȴסؿڡ
ãæȥ̽СӵıϢкתͷʾ⼸ֽ￴ס, æСȥ̫ҽ
Ȼ⣬ְ·, ؿڻвĺɫĩ̫ŵԵʣδСӽ, СӲ޴󰭡
ﱻڵ, , δ빬ǧѡģδ뻹ǳ⡣
β, ıӵҶá
ſڵϵ, ѹ־͵źһºýȥ, ȴϺֻҡҡͷԸ˿Ųˡ
ǲʣ޷ʣд𰸡
Լǲ˵Ļָʹ֮ˣҲã˵ˣ˶ܻ
ع·ϣС ã˵Ϊʲôأ
̾Ϣ⻰ȻǶŸճС˵ģɵ񲢲˼ԶǺӣҪ˵ġ
ǣ˵ĶԡֹסŲ߷չ̵۾߰ɣ滹µš
幬ڡ
̫ษСʵ۶ߵ˵ʲô˵ֵͷ
Сʵ͵ؽеڵϣã¶첻á
̫ཫʼ𣬿ȰϺαضŶ󣬴λһС
ŭģСʵ۴˿ǵͨ죬סֿ˼Ĳһֱܲã糯޷ϣ¡
һӵĽôܲżСȻΪ壬ź
³Ļйճһĸͬѱ󲻶Իλ˼ʱǻӻʵۣǻ׵ܵܡ
Ѿ¶Ƕɣץʱ䡣
ȥ½
̫ɥδ죬һֱź̫ģ˵԰գЩ²Ҫ
Ź̫Ҫȵͬ꣬ȴ˸Υѵ֮£̫󵥶ݣҤ֮ء
ͣʮձݣһһƬȻһһ͵Сʵ۰ǰдʱֱԺ·
չأ̫Ӧȵͬ꣬ǺεأȲ漮ڣ̫޸ϵͶ£ƽΪʵҴ֮
˵һƷԱǻߵĺˣԱ䲻˵ȴҲܵ˷֮ơ
һԱվƽΪŮŲ£ӦܷȴƽԵһϣѵĹԱҪƽɫʻϣѵҪһŮô
˻һڶʱһƬ̫ҲУѴ̣λԱСʵһЯΪλ˵ĻײûСʵ۵ٶĵҲ˵ƽ
Իʼҽվߵľء
гӦͣԹڵװСʵ۵˰ΣȻ̫
̫ΪʦӦҪվСʵߣ˼һΪػϵĻҳδŮӲøĹأƽǰҲȵ£ûڲɵĵ丮֮ǣĶ࣬ʶϲʱգһжǰŹƽɫ֮˵
̫ڶģСʵ۴˿̻ƽ˺Ƥŷƽڶ࣬˵Сʵڻλ֮ϣƽоųɹ͡
˼ˣһЩӳйԱĵĹԱЩϵ
Сʵ۽ֻ̽ԭΪӵĹԱȥкѱȴԼʦҲΪ벻
йŵĹԱĶᵽɤۣȴСʵ۽еӳԱȥʽΪѸѪ
ϴ죬ֻ˼䲢δ𷣣±Ҳ͹ȥ
ºܿ촫ߣԱǲ֪ðĻƿСںԣ˵ҪŮۣҪǹ뵱Ļֵš
ʱֹסĻͷԽ˵ԽǣڹУҰʲô˵ʲôȫȻȴ
Ҳδõȥߺ̲סôΪ˭ѵ֪ôۼžȶҪѹδҲ̫˺ġ
ˣ˵ЩкáڸλԶϲԼȨ˷ߣҲϲ˹â̫ʢԴԤϣȴ뾹ô졣
Դº󣬹еմǰţٲȥҲٹ¡
Сʵ۲δʹ֣̫Ļ·һղڳеӰ죬Ļλһ޷ȡ
վڳ¥ϣԶֵЩӹмҲȴǰɭϡ
˾ġ磬һֱںߣȻ֪˼ΪСʵ۱Ϳ࣬СʵǷĵ׵ĺá
Ȼϲ˵֪ܿˣϧ֮׵飬ƫƫЩ׽֮
ڳ¥վãֱҹɫٲŻȥ
̫ȥãСӵ¾Ʋδ죬ֻü˾һ𣬳һٷǡ
Сͬ۳˵СʵӶһһվţ˭Ҳ˭ǹ졣
˽ȶϣСӽԸţǰ
Сʵ֪ϻЦʺǰܵ磬ýͻȥˣԵ͵ߵˡ
ʾ⹬˲ˣк˿ţϴЦ⣬·֮δй϶
Ǹֻ֪˯ĺͯܶʲô˵粻ͬǾһۡ
۳Ҳ˵˼ԲĻǴӻǰĬţٷԵͬ
ʱ䣬죬ӦҲˣ̾һ
һ̾ϢڵԵøԣСʵʽι̾Ϣ
¿ӣŹ˵˲죬СʵãŵްֻЩ˵ԸעҪյġ
СʵϵЦһָͣıԹˣ̫Ҳһ¡
ȴ˵ǿ֪ǰТ̫Ӳñλ̵Ϊһ
˻һݳ˷Ӧź
СʵϳҪЧ¶Т̫¾ô˻ǲ˵̫ˣ
벻磬ϴ˿̻֪ôǣһо֮С
Сʵдģʱͳˣ˿̻δǲ̫˳
ɡ䣬ˢˢں󣬡ǰ󹬶ƽģҲҸģҼȸóǱյûء


59 
ܷᷢĿ֮ںԤ֮, Сʵ۵˽⣬ɣκ˶Ҫż, Ǹϲȫƿصӡʱһ, Ժ
֪һ, ԭȰСʵȶ, Щ֡
СʵȴȲ͢ƸոƽȣŹЩ¡ΪȨߣ۾ֻ֪, ʵڷֲء
ڸλȻҪóԶùź, һʱί̲ˣԳɴ¡
СʵļƹģƾҪΪһ֮ԶԶԸ޷Ĺ, λվʺ
ֻгϵĹĶǣȴȥ°, ˲Ϊ֮
澰ɵ۳Ѳ֮ķԶֵã֧־ɵ۱ǶĿȾ, ֮Ϊ֪չʲôӡ
泯, 汲һ, ûоͷҲ츳ĺͯ, ûǮǱһ鱾, ӹӹµµͿһ
ӵͨղͬ, Ǹ߹𾴣ͨһӿɼĶǲֿɵá
κ˵۾ǳǰӵ̰ܲͬᲢԼѾӵеԺգҪȥᣬһ˱Լֵܣ˵ӵһĿıǼڵָ
ӵܵͨСʵҲĴⱾѰʼңŵǻλ֮
ߴʤֽʽ΢֮ʱڲܳӣҷֱֻʱ˵Ҳ޷Ԥϴһۻ᲻ֵڶҡ
ϧСʵ۲ʽΪŰգ֪޲Ϊ°գѵڻʽУ޲ܳΪô
˿ûԥͷǣûΪϻλǸ󡣡
ΣСʵʱ޷ӦԷص£԰ȴһֱСʵһֱתɵӣԼĪֻߵ̫УʱǻᷢͬǰһĻ¹֮ҡ
ɻСʵ۶ȴô£ɵеĴֻдӣѪעڴϣСʵų΢ֲܳ裬Ծɵʱ£ΨΨŵŵС
ϻλһֻʧҲǣϾԼδгһջϴλ
޲λϣ˭Сʵۿ۴ͷβδڵĴӣЦЦѵˣǸֻ֪˺ųˡ
˻Ǵ̶ȴǸ²ؼģݳȥüͷҪڣȴСûס
ʽͱ˵ʲôˣΪŲ£¶ѹһͷ㣬ߵ޷ˣĻ㻹Լô
˵ھ˰Ůѧ֮£Ǻ⣬ȴȫûг棬ֻ۳
ҹı˿գСʵڶ˵𻰲ֱʹ
ֻΨʧܵҲ̵֮ദҪԵ֣ŬǶ֮Ÿҡ
ʽ㿴ֻԼйճûмŻΪΪ³ǻʽ׵ܣʽ㻹ô
Сʵ˫Ŀ㶿ŵڵװΣСӵ˵ǲ죬вȴΪģŮͷҲϲľ
֪ҹᷢ½ⱾͲʽ磬Ը⻨˼
ɵԼֻʱ磬ޱȻŵʡ£һαɵǣ֣վڵȺҸʱ̡
ϸϸ룬ɵЦ÷ܣȺεĴаӣںĴ澹Сӵ磬òĵĲˡ
ÿԼһʱʵܻͷһ
Сʵ㣬һĸͬ׵ܣֻδҡ
ϵķѱ䣬һ̽СʵԵġ
üδ̧ۿСʵֻۣ޷ı䣬㲢һĸͬʵѶ޷ģȻ̸
Сʵ۵˵ͷЦһ޷ı䣬ʽ׵ܣزǰһΪ룬ǹ˶ãұҪλͣҵĺõܵλ
˵࣬ǹؼڣСʵ۴˿ҲЩţ޷˵ʵ½ʧܣΪΪʱ
ǸˣСӻǸ̵ֻޣټĽɽֻϻλʸ
ֻºܿˣԼƱҪ꣬Сӳĺ޳룬ֻ׸
СʵҪ̽⡣
ֻȴûóһдõʥּµݸСʵۿдŵۻزƽΪ꣬λڻӡ
Сʵ͵վ𣬡ܣⲻܣ޵ĻλֱָŭʵѵʽҪŮ۲ɣ
ȻᣬʥּдװףֻǴΪȵСܳ󣬻λȻҪġ֣ù
ñúðСʵۻʲôף֪һУ͵Ȧ
㣬ҲĵܵܡСʵҡͷһˣ˲ҪǰǹҲ棬վԭء
ֺ̾γߵĵزСʵ۱̫ҽ˼رػʮ꣬СʵȴӲ˻һ£ƫִҪץסһУڴ˵һ¡
ʱĶ֮࣬ҪôȨȥҪôԶ룬ҪôСʵѱȨƳͷԡ
ǰȨƵλſԸıԼıһУȴûϵһĽףõԽԽȨٿأԼڻʧȥĶԶȨƵλҪöࡣ
ҪסؼҵĽɽֲǺؼҵĽɽֻ뻹һ̫ƽʢ԰ҵˡ
Լ֮ڣ֮°λҪس֮ɣСӲǱѡõİˡ
ֻЩܵ˵ʹ˸ɫ⣬СʵһעմҩסĿڱǣһСʵ۱»С
۳һúסްֻǽ˯һˡ
źСʵ۵̫˿̻ǰ»нӹСʵۡ
͹ڹţʳǺһ·ߣ˳˽ȥϱߡ
طǺѡõģǰЩӵϢλķҽڽϳ֣˽סѡһɽˮլԺźţ͵Сʵ۱͹ȥ
̫˵ͷлСʵȥһĬĬ󣬵ԣһŵ̫࣬ˣٸơ
̫Ӧ£ȥ´һ·š
תվڵԾҹ󣬽ȥɡ
һ㶣˵ͷǰߵߣͬһȥ


60 
һϢ
СʵѺüûϳ, һԱȴӵϢ糯ճɹԱڵҵҲСʵӰ
æԺ֮µĴ޴ˣ˿վǰ׵̫, Ųǰ, ʵӲ, òȰȰ, ҪҪ
СʵͷСȥ糯ǳ£δйͻȻ֪λԱϳֽڵв, ޴ôô, ̫׳
ҪǴǰĴ޴ˣ̫Ը޴ƽߵĺˣʱͬ, ̫ҲԸֺɫֻǻϵ̫Ҳö˵, ô׼ڣȴӵ⻺
ڳкǸзִ֮ˣСʵ۴, Щܱ, ö֮ڴ֮ϡ
ڳ߹, Ŀ֮µϱڻ԰źһ, ʩʩȻ¡
ȺʱȻ, ˽, ȴһ˸˵Ĳǣֱʥּ˲ź֪һʱ䣬Ƿٱʡ
޷ܵȻСʵһֵַĴ󳼣εѳֳĹǡ
ʹںδֻʥּȴϣ֪ʥּǷΪ⡣
ʺĹԱѾ鲻˿̸ǱƸ۵Ĵ㡣
ִ红ͯһ˻ʥּŲִ֪Ǻ⣿ѵҪŲһִˣִ˲ſϰô
λִм汾£ȴǸظ֮ˣŮӸǸʵıʵ
ˣִȴΪʵѲ
̫Ǹˣ֪չжȻʲô֮ܳϣѾ˵Ȩ˭Уٶ˵кãǵúᷳ
ţ̫һ޴ʱŷӦߺʥּΪѾϹᡣ
һ˴ͷҲ׷׹£ȾʥּΪѾϹᡣ
һʱڹһƬСʵ۷ֵļλԱ״ҲŹ£ʱֻʣִһվš
ִ˽űߵһִֻ֣˵½ǣֻԸʱ侲ЩĪٿڳԸɳƽ֮£Ҫ˵Сء
ִˣջûס
˳ںԤ֮УѳĹԱûӲͷʱ֮˱ȱȽǣⲢǼ¡
֮󣬴ѵȨ
ǸеӣйԱݬ룬翴ȥĸѡƶüޡ
ǰŴ޴˻㱨ѧ֮£ԭõҪСʵѡĽڣСʵȻòŰ
Ҳû룬ԭѧֻ׵ĺӣ֮˽Կǰȥ
޴ЩΪѣ⣬֪ѰռҵĺӲǸ飬ЩʵӣǸӻܹסǲޣͯԺҪס
ʵԺԵĿɱЩռк̫࣬޴ǵ˲ǮǮͬʱֵЩͯһ˵˯˷ѧΪ⼸ٷġ
ӳԵһҪǷЩʹЩװ˷ѹ⡣
Щû޴˼ţԺֻ֪ţһ޴˵Ļ֪ЩңɵûԼΪҪѡ̫ȻɲĴ¡
ٰԺ֮ҲЩʱգԭǷŽ½ȥ죬ȴǸͿġ
ЩЦȥԺҪȼԺҲԺѧģѵ޴˴ǰԺʱδУô
޴̧ͷʶ⣬Ҳ˲úţ͵һԴ
˵Ҳˣ԰һԭźҪºͯʶ飬˼죬ȴδǹǵȨߡ
Ȩصʲô޷вܱ֮ܲãΪΪֹǰںҪˮҲÿԸԸˮΪ˹֮ʢȻȴˡ
´޴޷˼Խ˵ףӵҲƽҲգԸҲûбĵԺÿοˣβ߱ȥҲù˴˵󡣡
ţֶ޴ˣԺҲ˲ʱգҪٵ飬ձ㴫ͣʮ֮еһοˣζЩӣǰɡ
޴˸ϽӦ£ſڣŹ˼һ뷨ǰԺвѶӵܣЩҲ츳֮ˣЩıһְٰЩȥˣ˼ȥʵڿϧԺˣⲻãҲΪ
ⷬǽк࿴޴˳һ˵Ҳ׵ķӡ
˷ã㽻ɡҪȥ죬ɻһתȥ졣
޴ǰͷҪлˣһ½ȥ죬ϵЦЩҲס
Ǻֻһ˷רעһ°ãҲϳŵԵúΪСʵ۵̫ԸУʹû˼Ҳ˴ѿﾡá
ÿʱпʵ˿ãҲҪ͸¶޴ѡƶ֮¡
ЩŹ֮ȻǴ֮ңֻѴܽǱͿҲǸ֮ƣǸЩĹԱǷֵһ㻹Ǳ֪ӵв޳ɫģֻ½˳ûҪҡ
Ҳ໹Ҫ̵󱲣괺գѡݸԺпſ볯Ϊ٣ҲΪǷֵһ
޴ѵ֮Ҳڱָ㣬˿˵ͨ
֪޴úȻϲģۼʱ䲻磬ȥ
ݸѧԺѡѧӲǳ֮ƿȴܽ⵱ǰȼü֮Ժϸϸ˼һ
޴һԸ򾡿ظҪϢЩ֪ϵıʿ
˵ҲɣλıʿԺʱ⣬޴˴˴λؾ
һ޴˽ŲһȥһСԺԭΪıʿ׼һլӣֿ£ɹ˵һ֣ҪסԺС
޴˵ʱԴ޴һݱղѣ޶ۣδ˼ռƽ֪ı
޴˵ѧԺ֮£ǰıʿҲѹƽǻ˵£ȴˣջƽǰѵʵǺڡ
ǰվŵǸˣȴ㲻޴˹һ˰˰ֻ֣޷
޴æҪľٹƶ֮¸֪ǰˣƽȷд⡭
ðҶķ紵ɳɳЩ㶣ò˵˾ʲô
л˵
֮ǰи˵뿴ؽķ⣬ǻб뿴


61 
ܰд, дҲͳȥ÷ŽһСУֻǺʵ̫С, װֽ, еŵֵ, ֱһСģ, Ӳȥ
жܷŲȥԼҲţڷŽУųһ
ÿնƼд, ȴĳȥ, ںӻСĻװ£ǰЩӴӲ, Ǻӻڿⷿţ⾫ֿ, װš
˵գҪתȥⷿȡæס, , ͦõ, װ
Щҿ񣬴, Žл, һȦ, սڴͷ
ؿúܾЩ죬ֱϸģһ۱ƳǺӵĶߣЦ
֪Ƥʹ˸ӽ֧ߣϵ۹ãƲʵΪβĸˣ
·;ңԶЩлҲʡһˡ˵žԣ̧ͷִЦ۾
Щڣô֪Ҫģ
̧̧°ͣȻӵԵʣǵ͹һֻװţϿһöҶ˿ɼһܺãȻس
ϲ벻ϲֵԭƫţ֪ʱ˳ǰױ̨ϷţƼ±סˡ
ĦźϿ̵ķҶԥλǿ˿ڣ֣Ҳ֪
⻰˵ͻȻ˶֪Ǻ⣬߶ȴ˼
ٴϻ۲ˣд𰸣ū澶ԡ
ǰǲϲԽһ֮󣬶˹ϵ㲻ƴǰǰ㽩šܾ֪Ժַʽ
ǰ໥Ա˴Цö̹ЩŤ.
źüչģױ̨ȥֻں֮´ͿҪȫŪײźãͬıһߵͬһ·۶Զջ
ӹеİһսһк֮
ڻʼң֪Ѱ޶ദǰֻоɵ̫ӣʱֳΪޣ˵ί뷴Ŀɳֻһ㴰ֽ
£ٶʱһ绯ǹմȨŮˣ鰮ѲԼһ˵£ǲ̫棬ûһиȥ
𾰳ɵЩУɵԼĪֻżģϲ죬ÿÿҪͬɵڵСãǵĸʱֵ죬ɵŶδ꣬ҴȥȫȻ򸾵ĺ
룬Լϲų嶯벻һУԼáԼֻϧ֮飬ȴŮ֮⡣
̾һǽеİŻױ̨
ֲ֪ЩʲôȴҲܴжв³һҲãԴЩǼ£ߣԶҲڹǰӦţվǲ˵㣬ǲ֪лûпЩĶɡ
Զ˿֪ҪЩòӣֻǾЩӺƺȴǰҪЩɵīԣзʲôô
īüãջҡҡͷƽ¼ϣеĴһʵøƵģƽ˾·
аǸľͷǳе»õһôּīԻȻʶǰ㣬һϴģ
ƽ¶ҪĸٹƶȣЩӸݸԺ챻˼ӵΣԼ˼棬ȴǰù٣еĻ˶ࡣ
ī˵ƼԼǲͷ飬һ±֪Լ˵Ĳġ
ҲīԶȦһģɤʵȻƽɷʲô
īӣŴͺˣÿƽҪƿˡ
ֻīûҡҡͷӻг촧ƽţʱʱҪһĻūŸ֪ƽ֮¡
Щ񱦱Ƶģһ£ڻ˱Уÿ춼һīƼʱǵЦⶼ̲ס
īһûƵģɽ·ԶһھȻĲ¡
īԸԣҴ˱˵زȻһҪƽھһӦ򲻻˵
һϺͷԷ裬īԱ˳˼˵ͷſھȻʱƽ۵ĲᣬūƵϸдƽߣĲ٣һߣȻĲѡ
⻰ûж࿪ģüֻԸ˼ԼҪҹǣҡ
л˵
ر˯ţ
īԣҾһ˵㻹Ű


62 
ҹɫŨ, ɽȣԶˮֻ̧ˮȥ
¹, յˮ沨, һŮ, ֬, ںڵķ˿ס©硣
ʶתͷɲ֪ΪȴٳδۿԺȫǵӰ
ŮӻУ¹ҫһصɴ
ǰŮӵıӰ, ɵǰ, Ǳƻ㣬ŮӵıӰһˮС
Ů΢΢ͷ˿ס˿ģˮҲ޷Ӧ, ʶú
ʵλιҹڴˣ
ŮӲػ, ΢΢Ƽ̧Ůӵķ˿ʶס
Ů˳ת, һ˫ˮ۾˵, 촽硣
һ, Ǻ˿ֻŻ, һǶ׵⡣
ʱ, ɽеķˮȫȻʧ, ֻüǳǳĺĺ𽥱أ˫ִļ޹ǰ㿿ĻС
磬к䣬챧ŮŽСèƵĲ˲Ĳ
Ůǳǳĺڶߣƻŵ޵δʹҲδŹһֱӲҶ
ģЦЦĩ˻һ
ԺǵڱϣαеŮӣɹ˲٣СɫĴסӯӯһյϸ
׵Щ˫ֵסţȴƲ
˿̱ƥǣ޲ý֮ԼΪһĲźãֻüԼּٵĺ
ŮƺܣִﻹߺţȴΪ
һûһµţǰִһ˿硣
Цֵͷǿ佱úá
Уһûһµظź󱳣˵˾ʲôȴû壬ͷ˵һ顣
ֻƵ˵磬ܡ
ܷǱܣȻ˼ð㡣
غȻ谵ֻʣһЩȴƼɫ۽ڲס⡣
Ȼ˻˼ð硣
ǰһ׹͵شӴƿһȻϣüԴǸȻε
ЩЩ̣پЩ˵
֪뵽ʲô˫Щ죬˰Σ͵ԼīԶһʹΪʲôҲˣֱƿš
ӣôˣ
ڴϣһ֪˺µĿӣʱҲв־ܣīԽӣȴʮǿӲԽΪΪ
īԼ·ҲūдŻֽˡ
ЩңĵҲȫ޵飬һ򶷶ֺƱʲô£ЩȻػ˻֣£ˣ˿ȥϢɡ
˵գҪī뿪īԹϷź˿ųգǲ⣬ŸֵҪȥˣ
īһţڵվת·ʰÿŹһԵĿЩѡ
Ȼȱūͣϴ֮һǲģֻȴý˾֣˿֪ᴩʲôӡ
ߣԾ촽ϴЩ᲻ããջѡԼ͵͵ϴˣɷ֮Ҫúñ棬ϾпɲһĿˡ
磬ûƵĽӵУֱϴ·ȥ
ϴµū͵ˣڴ˻Щ죬ūͲĿ⣬ɫæ·ɣá
˻һ˸˰㣬ˣ֪˸ٸҪūźˣֻǩԴĺòѰﶼҲ
һ⣬£Ըڸϣʱ£½飬ˣūżл˺ͺӵūأū֮ȻΪ˰¡
ס½ӵ䣬Īţû˵ЩʲôһҪӳأǿӾڵϡ
Ҷۼֿ¼һֻűūգգ۾񿴵ʲô
ĻˣһҪ֧ߣɵãɺãī˹𻨸⣬Żȥӳ԰ɡ
һ仰˵۴֣㽫֧ߣԶ˲ųһ
ֻλӣǱֻīˣҪϴ·࣬Ϊýװīµ裬ڳλ£һ֣صشϴϵ
δɹ£˲ʱŽϴã˺üž׵
۽Ƴδϴ£ѵЩ޴룬ոϴµūͷ˼٣·ֻԼϴǷīԶȻҪʡ
̾һڳűīԵ·治֪ÿЩʲô·ڣһζ
ϴ˴صмīԾûīԵû˶һָԹ𻨸⣬ﻹֹסطӣ˵𻨸⵱ζټÿڽϿŶ֪𻨸ģ֪
Īʲô𻨸⣿
īüҸϴµū𻨸ô
Ǳڴ˵ĻˣѵǼ𣬷ܵص˵ͷϴµˮ䣬ֶЩֻůů͡
īȴʲôʵӷūͻȥ·˽ϴô죿ĵνȴί
ȥǰûڣīȥ𻨸ⲻ֪ոϴɷż٣α֮£ڶƵĽ·ϴˣֻԼʱŵûͷһֻŸϽеۻ֮ﴦá
˿ֲ˵ֻ˵ǰˣīҲδ׷ʣ˵ͷһš
īߺ㽫еĿȡʪѽϵ·ʪȴ˿ӰϵĽƽչϺü۲תš
ź־ģĵؼһŷȥ鷿¡
ڶϴõ·īһ;ԣ䴦ôһӡ
л˵
ڶīԣ˭·ϴ˰
С糡
ϲرʲô
Ĭ˵
ر(ô˵Ļû˵ѵء
ѪɵƶѪ


63 
Զھĺһ, ǵǰСüͷ壬Щӳ߲, ָ, Ҳʵ, ѳֿģ
ⶼ, ôСЩʱգҲ˽˹أɶź㰡ġ
ЩӼۣﻹСѧҵ, пյ, µĹοˣ
Сھ½ѧ飬඼ƽգ͵͵ȥƹ඼ù, ҲЩ֪ˣ˼鱾ϡ
ԺС֪Ҫ, ߲֪߶پҪúĻ𹦿Ҳǳ¡
ҶС׺Ŀģڹϵ, ֻϲ䡣
Ĺβ, , ֻԺҡͷԵʵǷζ, ˵, ǰӵܵԺ䣿
Сһ˵۾͸, ȻԤıѾá
ѣ½ѧǰѧ֮仹࣬ӵԸ¹ӵ黭˵ͨҲ̫
ԺֻЩ鱾ϵ֪ʶÿҲѧǰ˷ิӵĿγ̣ƽյĺӿһ춼ǰȥѧϾùżơ
֪С˼ȴҡҡͷٵȵȰɡ˵򵥣һ漰ǮƣʦЩ㲻ҡ
СʧͬǸʺ飬˲ýŻؼֵأ˺Ǻз֮գи·ҲʧΪһð취
ŽСɿ죬ѵˣݸԺҹ˲ϣ丮鳭ϣǿԻԺ֮
˼ܵļҵھǼԺϻǴ´ࡣ
СںھϢͨĵط֮Ҳ˽ⲻ٣Խǿ׾Խ޵͸
֮֮ȫϣȻԳ˵³ġ
ҪδǣҪȫôСѹõĻ˳뿴Ŵ͢ȴٳδ
һ㶣ش𣬱ؾŮ뺢ͯ޹ģȻᴦ
֪ʵүǣѱѺЩָδáŮ뺢ͯ͵ׯϿѺʱС֪Щ˴ԼֻЩݲ£үȴͬڽѹֺ֬࣬İʧܲҲֻܷ¡
ЩɫЩȥõڶ̰˯޷յĽ֪С޷ݸԶԡ
Сȴʮּ֣ӲҪ˵Ҳˣ˸ǰһվмơ
δڣȴƲȥëͷСӣôڹǰ˵ģСгɺͳ
СǸģصδ˵ſڣгɺͳ
㣡
ˡ˳ͷۣ˻ʾ¡
СǸǿӣҪ𰸽ǲߣҸ˵Ƿܹȥȴô
ү˶٣ֽ˵˷߽
ǰСЩϲɴ˵󻰣ɫױˡ
ֻүһ˴СŵطʣŵһİһʬҰֻһ֣ݽ棬ڵȨо㲻ֵһô
ôκ·ˮ𣬿ȴ˾Сֻ֮ǰζһЦ
оʲôζʬѳɽֻүһ˵ͷվҵֵǮô
Ҳǹȣ֪жָĲǡ֪ĿԣԭȻֻүһն̫Ըȴܲˡ
С˵һֻۣʺǰŵĶô˵ܵͷǳͷұΪƽգȥһطǳͷˣԭΪһǳͷ
ֳͷҹ꣬ҵͬ꣬˹һӣЩ߸֮еܷô
òȻα
СֻһжŻǰǴĺҲʣҲ˵⻰תȥ
ߣСӸ֪е˵Щ̼Ļ
ȻЩסҪС˵ĵ
ԣæǰץסݰץס֣ڽ΢΢̧ߣʱʶҪʲôæº֡
ɣԴӴӳ֮󣬺ëָԲУƼüأԺƼĶ˷
ȻҲ֪ⲢǸǲĺ÷ӣֹסҲǿȥȡͷϵķ
ģڽǧİգֻТȫѡӦ̫ǰʱѡһ԰֮·
ʶԼˣûģʹ༸С
СһŭСԺȫйˣһ뵽˵صĻ˱ղѡ
һ·Ҳ뵽пԣ˱͵߽ǴǰűϸƤģ˳˱߽Ҳܻá
Ӹߴ׹ʹǸʹ࣬ѹ
Сݺݴ˼ͷ˵˵㣬סĻ˼㰲õķӣʶôָű˵ıǸô㡣
ڵСţʵ˵Щʲôأȥ˹Ƿʲô
ڳٳûж绹ҪţȴźȻ򿪡
ҪӾ


64 
סд, ȴ̲סһǧ͵İǰ
ſã׼ȥʱ, ֽ˻, תȥۡ
Ҳ˵ԼǺ뷨, 浱ֻǸ־ͬͬ, 㲻ᣬҪһݸʵڲ¡
ĶˣһԵ۽ѹסƿű㲻һ㡣
Ҳй, ̲סȥվ
ةԶĶһ, ʹ˸ɫ䣬߳ȥƣʱة˵ͷ
ةһţȴǲòվӭ, źֻһףŸҪӭȥ
ةԭǸְ, ֻ֮Լ˺üֻ꣬ԸдŲ˵, Ըվš
Ǹæ, ƹ, ²٣ƫƫÿղܡ
һҹ, ةȥܹ, ˯Ժűĵ, Ϊս£˴
λүǴ¸ֻΪһǷоţةҪˣιٴһѹˣοɲֹһ
ЩةѱϰߣʣԸ˵˳ôˣҲ͵ϱǣαһ⣿
ﻹޣбڴѣһةĻվԭذҲκ˵һŶ
ۿɼľɥĽةҲܣЩվܵǹɾҲŻȥο
˲ż·ϵЩӣٵȵû׼ܵȵ
ҡҡͷδةİοЩֱվȥоƣ
ةͷеģǲ֪ҪȺξƣ
Ҫҵġ
ةȻûвӦĵֻû뵽ľ⣬ةδֻ֣ʱûа̬ľٶֱֱֻǰ˵ةŷֲԾ
ˣˣ̽ź˼䣬شة±϶ˡ
νͻȥȴڣ㿴ô
ة֪˵Ǻλشȴûĵش˵֮˶ɻģ˵˵Ŀɶԣ
ةףԭΪӢѹ˹أҲ⡣
Ȼһ֣һߣİĽܵȫȫչ¶ſɡ
תͷةȻ飬˺һǰ޿ˣҪ֪ԼļᶨĲźá
˿ľѣյŻδдƬҲ޳ųȥ
˺󣬺һʱδյţʱõԼҲ̲ס
ͽеſ©
ãҡҡͷͽеŶר˿©кϢδ
˶괺յѧӿϣΪǴ޴˵δݽȫȻûǱ롣
Щڣе򲻻©ҲԼ룬˼Ҿûټʲô
ôţлЩС˵ʲôѾãδţ㲻дˣϲ
һ˼أͷһǰϱʻĲӣҲһæҵغϡ
û룬̫ˣ⼸һֱū澶죬ֻҪҲȲ塣
ĺ˼˵Լţֻúҵ˵ͷ
һС̫߽Ϸźһţš
͵ƹߵǰǷһš
ҲĹ©ԭָأʹ˸ɫС̫һͬ£ſ۽
ŵʱ򣬺֪ʱΪδµȫˣÿһδ¡
ļľ߶꣬ؽͬĳ֮ء
δἰ˼֮飬ֻ˵ЩķһЩ£Щ˵ܾ˽˵վϵĲ̫һ㡣
ɳ󣬿ɻɳĮȴһ飬ȴԸɳ̫˫ۡ
ɺɲ֪ȴһ𻨸ӣ˵Լһùķգظ·һЩܾζǰҵġ
ѷѩ֪Ƿ䣬ܲţҲùǷ£źڶ࣬ﻹǼǹš
ʱԵķδī˵̫Сģ֪ǲܶţûܻҾõǣδġ
ѽأף꣬òȴ㲻Ͽҵţѹ꣬˱㲻
ɽԶҶ죬ء
ڵдʱ̫ãۼɫ磬ߵţӦ𣬱Ŷ롣
һűڵϣɢһصֽɿмǱˮ΢΢ʪī˳ˮӿ


65 
, ʼֵúܣȫµĶ˶㼯ڴˣǽҰӡ
Ҫ˵⻹ƽ, ²ӵĵ, ϵŸǰ;δ, ᵽɤ, ξ͵һ̡
ͷܶ뵭ȴڲ¥ϣǰܰ¥żһ⡣
Ǹסӣſڴ̨, ŲȺܼ, ЩѧӻţɵôȤһ䡣
߻Цū澣ôūܲôЩѧ֮ɶҪΪ, ūҲúúЩ
Ųյһ㶣˵ʲôأԽû, ͬΪӣȻΪϰ¡
֪Сģ, ˲ʵ
Ǻڽ, ֻ, ֽܰѳֳΪûܳסӵĻӣ, ǲδжԡ
պСӳ, ȶ, վ˵׼˿̲¥ܵ;ˣձΪָˡ
ֻͷпЦֿɱĹŮӱӻſɵǸãվڸߴ̫ñ
վøߣ֪ж۾ţߵ˻ǽΪ
յ裬ԶĴ¥ý뵭վڴߵҲС
ҰˣҪƣʵں棬ɺһеģ
֪ļ簲ȥһ͵İǰֻȴûսҿ
һźĸϽͺõİϣݲɨ۱ݸ񣬵ɻ󣬡ȥŪ⿼֮ԣòϸϸƣҲѡЩܸɵڳС
ֻǿЩ鱾ϵ֪ʶ㲻ʲô˵աź˼˴οٷΪ֣һֵĿΪ򵥣ЩеĹ򣬿ùУѡٱϾǿУ˼ǵβΣڲϸΪҪ
ȴܽЩ鱾Ǽѵãϸϸܳİ񵥣˰θߵڰ׵֣̾ΨǸڷܺѧΪù֮ˣũܳʱ൱ס
ҡҡͷ˭ͬΨũ
۾Щȣѵô˵Ժкܶũĺӣ
̾һǿɱ֮ũĺӴСŵֻһأеĴ󲿷˵ȥѧֻζſԶϼͺõķˣǻҪصһȥ
ЩʶǸıԼ˵ĻᣬϾ۽˼ͽеĴ󲿷汲ϢϢصϡ
ⲻǵı²
Ψ̻ǰٺԺ飬ٺԺŷҳѧҪ󼫸ߣܽԺֹԼб£имֱ¡
˵òޣ㶮ˣҵ̰ЩϵΪǮ
ɤӣ˲Ƚŵ׵ĵأ²½ղһһܷ߳¥
ʣǶܣսµĪ֪ݣ
˵㵭Ķͷ⴫ߵǲ¥Ļƣһűϲ˵ҼҹϲһְףλһͬƷ裬ǹæҪȥظȨλ͵ġ
˵ͷл˱лңǱҲմһմӵϲ
Ӧһתͷȥһż䣬Щ棬֪ΨҵĲ¥
Ҷģ⾩һĲ¥ҿģҪ֪ѡ
˵ͷ⿪¥ҲȤַеֽ
¥֣ΨˣͻȻȥƣڵǰ˻Σ߰ɣǳȥƣȤúܣӵ̻ռһ룬ֻũ
˵գż䣬󣬡δ濴ܲô
ǲжʵվԿ¥£Ψڿ֮ǰѧӵܲûֱ̫ܵһβʲôϡ£Ψ̻ͬѧҲˣֻũѧӲѧãǲףҪһΡ
ΨͬվȺм䣬߾ǹΨҲǸסģ֪ŸոտʼԺǫѷ
ȴһ£Ŀİ׷ˡ
պԸΪũ֮˶ıһ·ȷˡ
¥µĻЦת¥ȥƹȺ
δԼһŬ˴ѡĹԱ֮䣬ũ֮类ũĥƽҰģȥѧԺı
ȵʮ󣬵ѧԺѧĺ֪ͯѧ壬ʱڵȴĽ
ũǹ֮ǡ
˯ǰϸϸŰϵ֣治ϣũ֮ٵÿֻˣζߡ
תͷȴڲĽ䷢һ֮ˡ
Ӧ
սۣûдŵӦ֡
ȥ񲿵˵ĴϤּ˶ۣͬͬգԺǸˡ
Դӽһ𣬺ӦԼþѹȥãΪӦ̤㾩Ƭĵأû뾹ķʽ
̾һ̻֮δ̫ࡣ
л˵
Ҫ


66 
̫Ԫꡣ
ֵ, ڷ˲ٱ飬л죬ȴͳ, ź̫ǽǴҳ, ɢһء
޾ôһȺӪ˽ס̰, һ, ֮Ҫ̰īɷ硣
ֻһݰ׵ͯڵǰߣնϼֺɫǴǰĻӣѳĻʵ, ۡ
һƼһĻ, һ·Ƽǣ˲ֻ˳ëèû֮ǰ档
ŴǰСʵ۵ӣº۳, ԶԺ۹̼ܽϡ
Щ걻ţ˸Ƣ, ǺҪɸħ
ηƢֱײĬĬ뿪ӣԹվһԺѵģ
ϵһ, Ҳں潫ɢۼ, ðڻذǰ
˵˵, Ϊζŭе۷Żذǰ۽ƳˤڵصĲյ, ǶŲŲ, סߡ
Ȼڹǰû, ֻԼûƼֻ๬ˣֻһ̫һԺš
һˤˤۣŪһƬǽ壬˲֪Ͻˣ
ΪϲŭȻȫ¶ϣȴǸһҪ˺ŵӡ
ѵ˺ЩίƫƫǸģ쿴ź
ƫƫһףתͷ˵գΪ
㲻ǿôĻҪޡ˵һģϱȥ˵̧ᣬжŵĳ
ź̫۵ĲУҪƽǰţίĵɽհźڣֻҵͷԼδϵļٿ
ʱڰǰۣȫȻ˻ϵĺ̴ۣͬϣ˶һǣЬӲ䵽°ڣŬţԵÿ
ȴֻֽϵɳɳźƽ㿪ʵԬ̰֮£ο
ԬƷ٣汲ԾΪǰЩſˣɫǨ죬ۺ죬ⲻѾϡ
ȥ飬ԬҸЩûϼӣڴǰҲдٲ飬ֻԬʵڿɶԱ˽ܣ˴ѷ
һԬһţıʾãŲںá
ĺܺãȥΪλҪ
ԼΪ۱˱죬Ҳû˵Ȼ
ǱԼ˽ԺۻǸеӤ𣬹Ǳ֪δȻֺû¶˳⡣
һв˳һҪй˺˱ֺˡ
ҲҪĸƢҲ޷ʱʱ̿ںߣƢ
㲻Ҫ㣬ֻ㲻ϣԼ塣֪ǸģδĻ˵Դƺ֮Ϊá
۹Ȼ͹ԹϴҲãǵð㵣ġ˵ĶǸಡģλֵҪ
ͷ±͹ȥˣԬ֮¡
˭ȥԬɵ£
Ȼˣ۴úܿ죬ȻҪŵù֮ȥ죬ǰؼˣβˡ
ǰؾΪ۵̫۶¶Ը˵⹬ܽס۵ģ˺
ǸĲףһ֮£һҪкá
ңȷʵȥ顣
½ӦΨȥΪáδֱǶƷжܽ°á
ȴЩΪѣǰ㣬ԬͬΪ̻ѱǲа֮¡
ϵֳۣţͬ⳯оơ
ſһ;̻볯ãЩ⳯͢ӵۣܵȻȻΪɣ̻ӵܣ֮ɡ
ܣϾ뿼֮Խ꣬˶̵ʱҪıԱ˴˵ƫ򲻿ܡ
οǰĳҲǵ໥ţкηֱ
ڳ֮໥ΪȴҪһˮƽǴҳʱ
ӦǾʶƷԻϾܷģϲ˽֮¡ΨӦǺ˽
⻰ǴȤǰܰӹЩԭ͵иȴƼ
Ҫܲ˭Ϻڹĸ㣬ԻΨֱ֪ֱԻḬ̄컵壬˵Լиֳ̰ԣڼˡ
ǵõʱ˵©Сʵһˣںǰ˵Ψῴɫľͷ
ȤΨֱֱȥģ˳
۱˵Ц䣬һӱΨվڵ˵ӣ˼ȥú˵üԣΨȷʵǻ˵ˣϵӶѵ˼ô
Ҫ˵ԶԶֹЩ
϶ȻףҪĲվһҪÿһûǿ֧ǵġ
Ȩǵ֮۳Ҫѧᡣ
ɳҳƲеЩ¹Щ³ҲͷεһͷĻϥϲ֮£֮ìܲһһϦҪǲ֮¡
Ҳ֪ǰ˶ǲٵģ̰ڸݸ֮Щ⣬ӣü֮󶨻ǺŴǰԼ֮ˡ
ϵìܿɵìܣʵ汲µĶԹЩ˻ŴǰĿ࣬ʮ꼸ʮȥǺǵѴǰݵȴ汲ܵѹȣΪ¹֮ңȻìܣʱľɳһˣѹȵһȺˡ
ŵλìԴԴֹǺ̸۵ģǵúΡ
۵˵ͷװ˼ӦΨ˳ĹԱЩԼԼһһ˵ģԬǷ֮£ӦΨǰŹ϶һоƱҪˡ
Ϊǻȡů໥ֵ壬ȴһ˴ǻбҪȥôʱȻһɢɳ
Ǳ赣ģиİԴ˲ԴͬΪҵҲʴȣ÷
ԬдִδãԺ۵˽⣬ʱҪ˳ϽԬɻ¸֮ȫá
Ȼϣ뷨Ҫ̰ٱͬ棬ڴϣǲᱻЩʳͿգʱľһ֧
ЦЦ˵û֪ɱӺɣµ̰ɱġ
һΪ֮У֮٣˽Ķ˭Ҳ޿ɱ⡣
ԬҪطҲģҪĲ᲻ҪǼ֮˻Ҳңң⵨ǴС
ƶǶżЩźãС֪ЩĲźãֻϧΪ綮ЩΪá
ԶԶƼһϤӰ


67 
Ⱥ, һ˳¥
ǹ߻͵еģһѰңýԬɵѳȥ
ôϵռʮɵĹ, ǰŽ½, תͷ㽫֪
֪, ֻǴȤ, Ļ˵Ҷ۵ģйյЩظ
תͷ֪һ˵ĻЩĲ˵, Ƥȴǰ, ۽ƳεģҲһѹ͵Цȴ˿
ԲںȴǸƤ, 첽ǰҪ˦ԶЩ, ҲʶȤԶԶ
ϣԬɵ¹˭ȥˣ
һ, ˵, ô, Ͷ˵ˡ
֪ڹʲڹǰ˵ִ֪磬Թ, ȴʵ, Ϻ䡣
һ, ѹʲôǶںͷأɺͳ
ͷҲѧѹģҶأ˵Ʋ䣬ǣ֣ɶ˻δɻ飬ܲЩ
̧ͷԶԶŻΪͷ໥ţʱʲô䶼Щ죬ʾ⹬ͣ½ŲһȺ˱ԭغš
ߣڲǺ˽⼬ֵĲ£ΨǸõģĪǽ½ˣ
˵ͷΨΪ²ԲӦһΪʡ
ζӦһŶΪ´ˡ һӦ֣ûסð
ʵϣЩӦ˴ǰ֮Ľֻųӱ֣˴δй˽
ʱʱѾϰߣȫԼδвµô
֪дɢ뷨֪˴ǸѵõĻᣬŽѣӦΨȥ˱Ȼ֮¡
ţֻǳԴװˡ̹ϣû˻
ͷ˫ʮ껪ŮѲƴǰɬģϵȵĻµһ֪̾ʱϲܶһ棬ҲÿЩȢȥҪ֪Ǻ˲źá
üģֻƺøƸһЩ۶㣬ת۱ɥ
ֲǸ˵ģһʱ䰲˿̽ڶϵԵøⰲ
û֧޼ֻ˼
Щٶбмֻӣؾֻżֻ
飬ҪСЩźá
аϧõ˼ΪԼ͵ĶϺϲãδ뵽Եʣ˵һʱסһš
˱ˣֻʵϳ˵ãұѰõġ
УЩϲòҪ
ɲϺһ⻰һֻۣһĲͬѰ֮Ȼһ㡣
֪ſڱްúתͷһ
֪Լ˵˻æ͵ǰϲʱţҲˣֻǲСģĻϲһȴ¡
ķ紵ˬȴº̰÷纮ŲһҲŲһӲǲһƷ紵
۾ЩȻڳһɱϵģôľͷҪ˼һɡ
ȴߵŷ绹϶ЩȥĪҪ̰һػģ
ֱ˶תعȥ
˻ʳѲ磬īԴӻнһŽȴ˻֡
ˣԬɵ²ٲȥѾּӦΨȥ졣
īһ㶣ǲ⣬˴ǰã˽ӵݵǰŻ϶Դ˵Σ֪º󣬶ὫԬл֮½ȥ죬Īǳʲôӣ
ǳ˲ӣֻһõķӣӦΨ»źֲźã֮һȫķӡ
Ԭ˿һϵˣԬ֤ɽ޿ɱ⣬ֱ˶ţ˸ᱣסԬɡ
Ԭˣ̻ĹԱضΣʱ˵Ĵˣ°ƯȻٲټνֻв֪Ǻ뷨
īԻǲֻΪ˿ϧԬɿǸթ֮ˣҪץİѱףǣˣϳУòײȴ˸ù
ҲձһˣѼ֤һһӦС
īԲȴҲֻܵͷӦ¡
䲻ϲӦȴڴϰӦһѣϽᵳӪ˽ֹѱһղðЩԬɲźá
ΨϢһӦУ𼱻Ǳ鷿
´ѵϢ֪ҪҵȲԬ֮£֪´кο
ӦδӦ𣬶ָָϵһ飬ʾΨ鿴
ΨһȫԬЩϼͬлߵ֤ݣɵôһ
ǽһ˱ġ
Ψ֪ӦǾʶ˶Զ˵İ˼һǰк沢δʡ
Զ׿ʶ翴ԬɴۣЩ֤֣Ҷ˵ʡ˲ٹ򡣡
ɲôӦϵֽţһֻѺɡ
ֻӦ֪˾Ǹ֮ˣ⡣
ϸϸʵѲ£еȺ̻ĹԱѵõŽᣬ˵ҲԴڴǰ̰ĻֻбŲǿĹѾǸٹ̣Ѹı䣬ʼȻ鷢±
㶢ЩԱʹ¶ţֻǲ֪Լ˼ǻϵ˼
Ψǿ鱳󲢲򵥣ʶӦõ𰸣´֮Ͻ½Ƕˣ룿
ӦҡҡͷʾΨҪ˵ʥⲢǶ˿Դ⡣
ֻǶһͬ£Ӧ֪ܵΨ뷨ֻ˵֪˭£
Ψ⣬Ӧ˵ȺȺӳûɱһǱһȺţԱɱһֻɱһȺ˵ûȺǱ㶼ܻ¡
ΨһӦ˼ڵ⻢ǶȴҲܳɴ¡
ΨԼ£ӦŷǨ֮·ǰѵҪô
ӦҰģԬȻڶձ㽫Ԭ
ϢĶʱź£̫Ļ۵˵ͷȻӦİЧʺ⡣
һˣӦΨĺܿ죬Ψںһòͨǰ˹
۴ʱˣӣòͨ꣬´˴°䣬޿Ҫú㡣


68 
Աʾ׽֮, һʱҲ֪˵Щʲô֮ĹϵȻ۽ƳվһԵ뵽ʲô, ˵´ͬɽԺѧ, ˵Ҳͬ, һͬڳΪҲԵ֡
Ӧһ, ǵЦȴδ䣬ӣɽԺ֮ʱͷ۲ѣȲʴϻۣʮ֮ʱŻѹھǡ
, ſӦ, Ӧۣʫ츳Լ˵ǰ㲻
ͬڳЩ꣬Ӧδ˵ԼɽԺ, Ψڵбãһ̲ס, ôǰδ˵ͬ
㲻ʲôͬԺż档ӦһֱɽԺ£ǿΪ֮, ֻһ֪鷳, 㡣
Ψʵں, ˣѹʵŴǰƽҲɽԺѧ, Ƽ
Ӧͣ½Ų, ˼ǧ, ˵˾䲻
ΨδӦ˵˼ٻҲǣʱƽ꣬ǶɹŮǱţʼҲҴŵȥơ
Ԭɵ£Ӧ׽٣˵ЩȤĻ
Ӧûٽӻ̧ǰУԬһЩƺ֮£վײźá
Ψ˼ֱҪƺŽջЪһЪҲ١
ʲôϣҪӦȴӦΪˬص˵ͷҲãȥԬɸ֮
ΨԸȴЩţ֪Ӧ˿ҵúܡ
ʳ⣬ΨҪȥӦһͬԬ֮££Ӧƴǡ
ҪʹԬɵѣѵԬлʱǵĵʱУȻдżλ֮ֵıǴǰ̫ع
عڳж꣬һֱܱ֮ȴ£ʵڽꡣ
ΨŻ̽ӦĿ˴˴ˣ˵ջ¸࣬ɱϾܻߣЩЩﲻͬˣ˻ϸǰһģԴܱ֮һ档
ӦȴΪȻһ£عϻ磬оڿһӣٵȴ˺Ϳһ
ӦԳ֮ΪΨձ֪عĽӦ˵޼
֪Լ֪ģΨ㲻ٶʣƿӿŽֵƼһҾ¥ŵ˲ʱʲôӦһͬ
Ӧǵۣ֪Ψ⡣
Ψһô᲻ģٹ±ƽ˴֮ա
ӦǴ㶵ģΨΪԾǣ¶֪£־֪ô
Ӧǣԭ£Ȼ֪
Ψ¾ù죬Цмǿζ˵Եɣָֻǵ˵̻ˣƽȫҪմմϲأǰˡ
ӦпųڣŴ۵ĵճȭɿ
빫һˣ޳ˡӦβ˵һֱŴ⣬䲻ðһ䡣Ψ⻰˵Ĳɿʱȴ־į
˵ƽ˶ɽԺѧ˵Ҳ÷СַܱȣɷҲ
̸ǰ֮£ûڽ£ƽͼΪޣ˭뵽ǰŷɳ֮࣬ϰ
ӦԲΪϻԵЦΨѹҲǸˣΪǰ;ҰȫȻ˼棬ƽҲ䡣ϾƽǸڴѺ绽֮ˣһҹ֮λŮȻƲѰӡ
Ӧһۣ͸һ˿⣬ԣĶš
Ψ֪ʧԣ㲻˵ǻеһ֧̽Ϣıһһģ˵Ļ˵׼ʲôʱͳڻϰǰ
ӦһȦͣΨϡ
ʱһҪ£ֽղԬһؽͻ
Ψ˵ͷʶȤվԭĿӦ뿪úЦһ
СЩ⣬ˣ´żʲôҪ¡
ΨʲôЦЦҲҲҪ£ͷбԬһҪôֻǱ˴ʹ´ҪظԴᵽ˵գתظ
Ӧصϱȥ鷿鷿һ󾵣ʱ游׳ʱصģԴò٣չӡ
ӳֵĲǰƽƽ˶оͻƲӦŶߣɼ̺ۣƽйñŵҲ
Ĩȥϰ̺۲Ǽ£ڵ˭뵽ǴǰɽԺеӦ
ǰİ˵ԼӦ޲ý澵ˤڵأָմϾߣַ
ѵãĴٺò


69 
ԽʧԽ, ȥã¶𣬶һðȥ˺ټС
ҹ, ʱǱ, ȹʪһƬ, ŵһ, ǶԺҹðǰЩԾ
ټ˿̻δϢĶŲ鿴վ½ӹĬĬãöĿһʱԡ
ȷӦкЩĪҪ, ӵİǰŵ, ʲڿ顣
ҹﰮëδģ۾
ټһ㶣Цſڵҹ˯ſЩμǽưˡǰùʱ鵽ҹ, 񵹲ڿңֻϰȴĲ
֪öлҪ˵, һյȲˡ
ȴ֪Ҫôˣп˿˵ȥҲֻټ򴦡
꼱, ҹһǳ, ֪Ҫɡ ټȥ䲻֪Щʲô, ʱһ
ãҵˡ ټݸ, ʵɻǵ·
ҲδȻ, ҡҡͷ, δϳټ򲢲ʧ䣬ʱСǲʵǵñˡ
ټȥţڵлѾʪ͸¡
ͷͣټļȥҲ˴԰ϡϢټ΢ŵüϲ졣
ټŻصУ·ںϵҲֻЩ̣¶һС
ټã˲ʱƼϵ˺ۣټ̽Ŀ⣬æ³˳̫̣ڲס
Ա㲻ڣֳºЩ꣬ΪھΡЩѰҲһ仰ʲݴ
ټã֪Щʲôһʱ䰲
Щ˵Ĺϵ֮ǰ࣬ȴҲԶʱꡣ
Ҳ֪ԼΪҪиҪֻȷһ¡
ɽԺ֮»֪ôסͷŽֻټ򿪿ڱҪӦ¡
δδһȴ˵䲻֪൫ȴ
ǰӣһϯȫʣټǲǴһӡ
ƭʲôû˳αʱҧгݣƽ·ֻһ޹ؽҪ֮¡
ټ֪Ƕʧ
ɽԺҾ𳡡һ仰ټڶǰӦ˵ϰãôЩ̫ˡ
Ȳһڣգȴ治еĺ
մұѹ޷Ҳ޷ȫ۾㡣
֮ʣͽеĲյݺˤӣΪҪƭң ŭ˵ĻŲ֪һ֪ΪʧȥֱԵλǺ飿
Ƕ˵ǺһڰʱҲΪɵĹԹ˱ＸƷ衣
ÿÿ뵽ֵһԼ޲ǳ֮УֻԲвܼȴ֪ⲻǳƭֻ֣һֵҪˡ
֪˶ãƽ
ǲ֪˵ⱾǸʵļı
ʱټˣһԵķӣúټװɵɢټΪȺųģǾɵ۵ķӡ
ǰұ˵븸ʺССͱɿ͸֮ն񣬶ʸλĵĸ֡
ɵЩӣֻڶԴټ֮ʱǴĸĺҪô֮Ҫôֻһöӣöӡ
ʺͬˮ𣬺ӼദãɵкܴĹͣһжںʱɵ۶Ժټ˵һ
һʼõģֻˡ
ټ˷ˣɵ۱㽫õøЩξúסټһӣװɵ¶·ΣչǾȺĶˣնݳ취Խ
ֻɵδϵҵ֮죬뵽ټԼ˵ࡣ
һʼټο䵱ֳֵüһֱټǰͷλãδ룬ȴ˶Դ
ô꣬㾹δйһ˿뷨Ҫ˵ô
ûôټЩԴ̴ҹجΣεĲǳ𣬶ǺһһΪʲôҪƭ
Ҫ˵ÿÿȴȥ˵أһ˵ö˱Ҫǲٺһֳ
ֻԶҲҪվǵһ죬˴˿˵ྐྵס
޷ڿֱ˺֮󣬻װ£ֻأҲһζ
ҶԲס㡣һʼǣһӶǡ
ҡҡͷȴû˿ɣôļһ仰Ĩȥѱҿȴɡ
ҵĵ˭


70 
, 㣿ۻü񣬺ʱǼϡ¡
ͶȥɻĿ, ɵҲֻҡҡͷ, ԴӹӺټ򴦻, һ겻ģ, ʣȴܱȥ
ڵ겻Ǹܾӣһû˺ţ˼Ʈ⣬˿δµ, Ȼڵٹñɽ, еƻᣬ㲻ȥһҲɢɢġ
ɽڣתͷϺ˫ۣһ±³۵˼硣
˵⻰Ҳһʱ, ˵ں۱ЩǰЩӿϹʱűѵ, ȥǺ졣
˭Ϻδ˼Ӧ£Ҳ, ȥɢɢǺõġ۸˵ֱתȦ, ʲô¶Ժ, Ķżպɽڡ
ǾԼ˸߲ңʧ, װûһ, ȫȻûע⵽˿̺ڳ
ɷıݵ, СƵ°ͣ㣬һ
뷨Ǽ򵥣æ£ϴҴҼϼ棬һ඼£ý˻һͬ棬ա
ɺȴòڣһӶסֻǿװµֻ²ס
۲⣬кβס
Ȼˡ˿Ҳ˲𱰣æֹ֪ٽʱ䣬Ů˫Ҫټ棬
ûѣ͵˵ǣ˳ˮ۵˵ͷ
æס죬޲˵ˡ˵껹˰㣬ҽȫ³ȥˣ᲻
ģǿɰķƶɢ٣Ƴϵۣ΢
ˣһɣûôɻ䡣
΢΢۾Ȼͬ˵Ǻͦͦţǵ˵һۣӣȻӻ㣬ʲôأޡ
һۣ˵ҪƽĲźáȴ⣬ءЩӸʦɹķɫǱȴǰЩ
һ㶣ת˲۾۵ͷʾνԺҲҪá
۵˵ͷδж⣬ں˵Ļ尲ôʦǿǣϣԼԸ
߳㰴ͲסֵķԸӻ˼Ĳźá
ȴΪȻټ棬Ҳˣ¶һô
ƣǰջԼǰˣ˵˱ŤΪǻڽߣ֪֪⼸գɽڱҪ̲ס棬һղý
źͶ˵ĳǸ˵úܣ˵ûб֮ˡ
һ£һֻŸͣڴǰŽϵıʶǴӹзɳģһȻǺıʼ
춼ֵߣīҲЩ棬ˣƽţ
һۣɤӣ໰ȴŭмڸǲסϲ
ԭزֻīԣīԱ÷ëһ˲ʱİʾʵˣƽп˵ʲô
īϵΪ⣬ɻƵƹǰ£óһ鷭ģһȻģ
£ǹɽͬΡ
īʮ˲ʱϲüңصϲˣڻǰǲüģǹͲסǹŴء
⻰˵⣬ΪסڲסЦ⣬ֻýеŲŲýƲԼжˣϾʱϡء
ջôô࣬ȥĪҪʱ䡣
ĻҪīԳȥ鷿ֻһˣϻӴ򿪣װȫǺͨš
뽫ϵСֽŽȥ֣ſͬǷⱣΪá
ɽڵգĸ갲ţȻˣɴ꣬ϱ֪ԼӾֻǵø򵥡
Ȼ󣬽ҪͬΣȻôãֻԼ·۹ʵ̫ǵѰĸװС
굱ʱӦ£ʤһ±㱻ɽڵƻᶨ֣ʱȫǵĺжǶڣǼȻ³ˡ
ϵľ󾫣Ԥʱòųţ˲ñͣס̫ཫ·
ºȣδһ·У쵽ԼĲ¥ʱͣ½Ųתīԡ
ţңɻУ
ӣһָīԵͷŷ̧ȥˡ
һƿżţվڴǰ̲סڻ
δȺת߱һϤͯˡ
ǻδЦһӱס
źڵոĽֵϣʲôʣҲٳͬ۵Ҳ̸һȥһʱֻߴߴвżЦӦ
˹òŷƺôȸԾЩɻ󣺡ˣ㲻ϲͬһô


71 
ǲ, ˵úܣֻûиӱˡ
ͷȥƣ۾Ҫȥ, ˲佫۱
˿콫, ϲ, ӻȥǰ, ңδ˵ϼ仰׽˷Żȥ
۵Ǹģſͷ˯ʹ˸õ񽫺۱ߡ
ǲ, , ұžͺãѵóһˣٻعȥ
ҡͷҲڻȥ, лͬ˵
ԭˣȵıǶ˶֮, Ļ᲻ͬ⣬˲ʱ㽫š
ۺ, ɱ㱧źлز¥, ȺеĻҲȥ, ֻʣ
һϮɫɴȹӳ֮£鶯
պܺÿ, նÿ, ܾղͬ, עţϵһ԰صǶԣиϲҲܳ㡣
ͷ˵ʲô̻ڸǣ߽Ҫ˵һΡ
ȴԸ˵ת˵̯ӣƢҪ˵һΣǵ̯ƵƵˡ
ʵĥק̯ӣȷ²ע⵽Լſڣ˵ơ
͵ЦŷԼˣ˷Ҫ˵һ飬ֵİˡ
ʱת̯ȥæϣſǣס֣һȴûѡ
̯˻Ȥӿǽ˺ˣֵһұƼˣ˵ʮ꣬ûǶ˸ģνɲŮòһԣʲűŵСҲ
̯Ȼ˶˵ĹϵȴֻЦӯӯ̯ܷˣֽһӷ¡
ŵвҪĵ̯æӦ£ﻹ˵Ưиǰ˶˻ɼǹ֪ˡ
ǫ飬и
Խ˵ԽףƮƮȻģǶ̯Եķ޶⣬һۣû𴩡
˺ʾҲٽ̯Ļ磬úϱߡ
̯Ŷ˵ıӰŬŬ죬ǱϵģûȴǸڵģӵһ۱㲻˵
ϲˣһֱƣɿ֮ܿȺȴһˡ
ƣǲǺ㣿
Ժз񶨵ʱ˰죬δкƵĵط֣صͷмơ
ϣûע⵽飬·ĴֲЩɲǻһ㡣
ܳѣƲ۾Ӷϸο飬˵ȥֻӲͷƤͷƳϵˣʱΧ֮ߣҪˡ
˽ˣдźС˿ʮϸרעĿվһԵĺЩڡ
Ҳ㡣Ҳ޷˵ƣһС˵һ±뵽ʱ׺Ϊ֮ǰ˵˵ıơ
ԼĪ֮ʾһʱϵС˱ÿɰˣһһǣźǰߡ
ǰЩ֪һ̻ļ֮ء
ˣ죬û˵Ҫ
˳ǰȴ¥һȺƼ
ƣǲˣ
ɽڣµĹԱżóΣڽԼž¥һ
һ˲ΧˣԴ⿴ŮҲûסк棬׷վ
֮˭һŮʵżȴ˲ʱԱƼԵߣȺʵ˺Ⱥ۵úܡ
ŮӱģֻƼҡҷĶɫɴŮݡ
˵ܳߵıֻƽоԣƽǽײܣοƽĻйͬڡ
ԽԽò˲ûҪ˼϶һ̱ǶһݻᱻֵΣգǱżҪûȥ
˭ȴϣһҪŮ˭ſϰݡ
ȥưˣƽǲʧǣ˴»ʲôɱ⡣
Աͷô򵥵£˵׼ǻҳţ¹ƽɲСĽ
Ůȴܣȥ˼״ֻøϡ
ɲ֪Ҫ׽飬һϣ˶֪Ǹ̻ĺôвˣüαС
һϲ˵Ĵüͷ塣
Ҳδϵ⴦ˣźߣǵһƧ֮
ҿǲܣδϵб˵
ҡҡͷֻȴﻹƳ֮ǰǸ˵ģ
˻ˡίģиǰգǻȥҪ̯һ
ˡ˲ᵽɤۣº˵˻ԼҶ֮ԤĻٻȥùţټһҿɲϡ
һлúúõĺС˵ݸƣС˻úõġ
˸󣬻źСȫ⡣
̻ͷţܵһ̷·糱ˮȥֻǰͷӣ̻Ѥȴеǻһԭ֮ơ
ŷɿһǣװת̧ͷ̻
ԭأζδֻԼУָϵ¶ȲмʵС
ͷƲŲ˼ƼĶ⣬ʶͷȴ졣
˭ǳˣ
Ŷ˵ļҲЩ£һʱ췢컹˲ֻӲͷƤ
ˡ˴ǻ谵ʱʱ̻ſ弸˵ǳеĹԱ
˼λúýĺɸһȴšһѡ
ˣ֪Ǻʱڣһ뵽ǱԱƼ޲ٸضȥ
ϱδ䣬ǴòЦͬλԱͷŸλ档˵գעżλȻǸ˵˼
ԱߣɼŮȴϣʲſƼŮֻҹɫ谵ƲŮӵҲ֪ƽڴˣûûƤشȥĻƽĵ
ƽŮѧѧƽӻɳԲƽ֮¡
˭ŮϬҪýŮӾ
鵽زֻܿ˵ʵΪ˭
ıԱ׷ڳе
λԱֻͷݵӲԶżλδ׵øϽȥһĻ˺ͣλСģҹ΢ʲôδͻȥ̵
һ΢Գƣ⻹ʲô׵ģô˰
˵ԶתƼһź͸˵һʱûסЦһǰۡ
ôһû˼ڲ¥ĺۣҪȥ
ͬ⣬ָָգ³֣´βϡ
ŲԹǰߣȴס󣬡ȥ·ߡȴôҲûɿ֡
˲¥ȴЩԣԭӦڲ¥еĺ۵˲ڡ
ô¡ԹһƬһƬǱһţֻпվȡ
ز¥·ϻ˵Ҫһ·˶࣬ܵü˶ѾͲӰ


72 
ʮزסһ, ŭЦȥң
н޷ڲ¥Ϣ, Ҫȥ
˿, ֵ֯, ֵʱ, ҪѰһʵǼ¡
Ѱˣֻڲ¥УȥѰǣҷſġ
ץס, Ҳִֻ֪ǻ, ӻȡ彻ｻ壬ŽţʱǻҲ, 㰤Ұȥѡ
֣ɫ, ϶ᰲȻ˵գš
ߵߣһƬЦ, ¥еļž, Ժͷ, ͵Ƥ´ߺ۵˶мֱ£ǴŹմӵͷš
֪ݻ, ȫ¶, ۳¡ҧסָ, ǰδеĻҡ
ʱһһţۼʱȥδϢ¶Ĳٵȣ̧ߡ
¥£Ƽźۻŵ
һ˿Ϯžһ亹Ҳ֪Լһֱ˵ͷҿһ㡣
ǹ˼ź۵ӣÿ˵ֻȥżкúͬ˵
һͷ˭װûƼ۾һţıź¥
ż䣬ǵɫ׷£֪ǶűĥĥòŲС鲽ߵߣ˳½ǣҪ˵ûɻء
㣬ҵƤǵð㵣ģңұãĪҪӡ
һ½ǲ߶ĻǹҪһ⣿
֧֧˵ϻʲô׵ģֻ⺢һʱģعŷִ޷ճ
𣬺ڽϿĺͯйһ§ۣǰ㲻ãվ㣬ò׳һδ㾡һ⡣
۵ܺЩ񽫴ȫԼϣ۱һᵱ޳ְ㣬ҵƤð㵣ģʦǵòҲá
ٿޱӣ֪ܣĺû
Ǻղһֱڻعϱ˯
ֽ̫ͣţȥһš
ںδѰûϣ
ҲΣ뵭Žֵ˸飬ƫƧӶδŹѰãתۼ۱һ˺úõĳڴϣδѶٹһ۱Ƽ
˵ѰƼʱǵ䣬Ƿ˺£ֻϸϸˣϲδ˺ֻۣлԸ
أ۲Ǹӣ֪أһʱЦҲôãҲûǸô˵Ѱ˽ס
ֻֻ˭
ָ̧ƽüۣСС㰮üīȥ飬һϢŸ㣬дֻദδܶԻ˼ȫ㵹ҲҸĻᣬţ
ۣܶиá
ǰܸŽֻǣ˺֣Ϣ
һľƣҲǸǿӣԺܹһˣЩкη
ŻرգվԭأɫĻкźʱᣬ˿̺޲ýʬˣôһֻ֣һ˼ںϣĻǵýҹ顣
һԲѰ۵Ľֵȥ
ϸֶߣϱĴֲʲôСȫǾ¥ƾճڴ˴֮ǰ˲ھ¥С
ɽڣ¥ӣףɻǽֿ֮һλĿǰҪϷϲס
꣬ڴѵټֻˣһλǽ壬һλǰŵϱ߿סλ¡
Ŀһ鲻ѭŷ¥ȻƼеˡ
ģ˵Եʣƴǰǰ
һʱѣ֪οڳƺǰ֮ˣӣ̫ϻʣ
ǰ֮Цſڣóһ򣿡
ȴЦӦϱߺúóڴˡ
˹ǰΪһʱΣ£վһԵ˹ںõӣһԲվԭ
ӣѱ˹ʰ÷Ҳգ˹˰ۣЩСĶǶ
ǲˣ˹ʮֿգһڽϣҲû˸ţ᲻
ɫδԣ˵ЦˣһǸµģϲƽ˴߶ֻ˹Ϊ֮岢δã֪кδ¾õŲǧ
˹Цһ룬˵̣ڹǺˣֻŲɸ˵Ŀġ
˹Щ경˵ҲӲ١˵䣬Цʧһɶʵ˵ҲǸӰˣкʸͬ˵
ûʸôһŮ⴫Ǻ
˹ʱò֪룬вɻ㡣
δֻǿһԵ£˹ÿպҩһǼֱ췽ҹ̷һ·ϤչŲö˶˵վ⣬ȴǲߡ
㳤ЩҲ˲١


73 
ʱһμ, ǰ꣬Ϸɽˮˣɫȴǰࡣ
ۺ˹λؾкĿ, , ȳȥ
Щԥ, ˹粻, в첻֪ɳ£ĺڴ˴
ȴҡͷʾģ˹ǸģҪҲֻ֮, Ļ˿ࡣ
ŹϺ, ҲδԶǽűߣһвԱŶ롣
¾վһƵģ˲, ¶ԹĽ֮飬˺֮¡
һ, δµĻ˹߻αװں˹߶, ֻ类ȥ
Ҳѽ, , ˹ǸಡżеСƢˡȴ֪洿֮ĵȴЫ
, ˹վںǰ, Դ, ƺδʹŻҲڲסĹ
˵գԹ£һȣԳңϱߵɽԲ˯ãɽҰкĻаֻʼҷ緶
úΪĻҪͻϱߡ
˹һʮί㼴飬ΪܵܵĻ񶼴̫֪
ֻڻѻǰЩ۳飬Ҳδŵϲ͵͵صڻ£벻ԵԱ㲻ȥ룬ձȥɡ
˹ŲյһͣЦţղǸ⣬ϴܣϲĽ˵˼仰ʱ䣬ǵðʦһ
һҲţֻ˰ֵĪҪٶ˵úϢٰȥ
Ķȥ˹վⲽǰƿƣѹҹͿһˣֻü˹һʵҵĹޣҪһȥ
¥ã۰߲¶Щ񣬱Լȥơ
ϱȻܻ
˹Ц˵⻰ԼţӲǹӲдˣֻҩ²ã˵һӴϱߣھ
˵棬ɵ̧ϸϸɲмֲ
ĵܵܣѵҾͲôλø㻹Ҫô
˿δĻţŭãʱ˰ܵļҲ˲٣ϸ룬λóȥô
㲻˼ɶ꣬ʵڴͨĸɱոճӤֵ֮飿
żеͣ˹һɱɱкηأ񰢽˵ˣ󲻻øƾʲôȺΪҲ䣬ҲңֱǿǸһͻ߶Ĵˡ
˹СƫִȥȴΨһ˿ıļ󣬺Ϊϱܸ꣬Щëȫ롣
ĿֻʧǴϻۣɽһ궼δ͸δµǣֻдʡ
ҲΪϤıոҲǳסѽɽֻ̫ֻã˵һλĵûһ念ĵܵҪ
ת䣬˶Ƶó˹Ϊˣѵǵô֮ԣλȨҪ
ΪǶԵľͷ˹飬ԼҲδúܣ˴˼尾ţҲɻľĶô
ɺ˹úõվԱʮꡣ
㣬Һܺڡ˹ϹŵĵûزҲмָǰļҲиʲôܣҪֻܹδܵȵʱ
ʵң
δ˵ֻƫͷȥ뿴κȥ˹ȴڴʱڣдżЦ⣬ȫȻȴʲŶ˵档
㣬Ҵ˴νֻΪ˿һ㣬Ϊϱߵĳʳ׻ñء˵գżȥá
ͷδأȥЩϢ
˹ȴδвͣңﻹͣ죬Ҳ֪½Ķˣнš
ԺȥĶã
䣬һƬţǹãڲ˹
Ҵ˴ֻΪ˺»飬ԾΪʵ
ٻؾ֪ΪΡ
˹˵Щʲô̧ȴƼ˳ջ顣
ˣͷں˹Ժдתǵ˵ͷ
á
ƿţȴתһۣȴҲһ۱ҴȥǱ˴֪һ֮ա


74 
Ҷ, ǷҶ͸֮ʱǺ֮ա
Ĺڳϣӻʳǵ, Ŀȥһ·Ϲ, źڴ˵Ⱥ, ʱ, Ż򿪡
սǰǰλͷΡֳַԲӵСͯʮλƵĹˣƺƵһӡ
ãδƼźĻ, Ž׵ͬ͵Ц, Ȥ̻ĪҪļʱ
ӦЩˣֻ֣ҲЦ, ڸͷϵͷԼĳ˴
, ˣͬŸߺҲЦʮ, Ⱦȴӽ, ҲЩδסκ, ƽ飬ڻֱ
ڽҲδɵȥ, һ, ȴַ
ͬ˵, ѳʳˡִյøЦźԵø⿡ʡ
ͷǳЦϸϸֻȴֱϵ˺ۣһǻϲǱˮ˲仯Ϊ
⻹ǴϲģʱʱͷһۣŽȴܿͬһϲ
ؽֲ¥ǰֵİգӦҲУ֮ȫϲģһվԵø롣
ԽܱƼԶɽһƬ죬ĿȴԵۣɽֵĶǷϲ㽫ڶգɽҶޡ
Ӧڲ¥֮ϣϵЦ⣬⾩֮ˡ
Ŀ̲סǶϣǰжμľǰҲԼμǰЦգĻϲ
ǲԸٿȥӦȺתȥǰҲҶֻ֮ټʱ֮ź
֪˶ãͣڹ⣬⣬Ÿͷ·Сģֱֱ۱һֻĴַס
Ī£ұáᣬֵȺкһ±㲶׽ͷַŸͷ޷Ƽá
̫δ˵ЩƣֻΪţЦţסȴ
ֻüΧӵ˳Ÿͷɿ°ڣϲҲУֻͿͿ˸á
ٻعڶڣͷرҿʶ̧ͷǰ֮ˣһЩס
ѹٷΪɫҲЩɫէһƼź۵ģǰһ
ᣬͿôԭأʵļ³ĵú̧ͷʱۺˮ޲ô˿̱㻯̲ˮ֮С
Ů͵ЦĿشתǰͷбҪӭүĪҪʱ
ǰס֣ʮֲᣬһ
Ц󣬺ߵ̧ͷ̲סЩȥɡ
Ӧ£ת㳯ǰȥֻжΪĥ䣬ű߻ͷһơ
ŮûסЦҲյǰȤ˵һֵǧū컹δڣ˱㼱Ҫⴺ
һۣȴ죬Χһ죬ЩӰɡ
̫ŵԵʣһδʳȴδöֻͷ̫ѹ˶л㱣ֻжںһ
ж֮ʱɿͷϱѹĺۣһۣھǰã֣ɻ̣
һ㶣ϸ˱ҡҡͷɷģŶ°̺ۡ
ǱãԶȴֱϵİ̺ۣɵ֣֪˼οıǣ˲ֻעƤ֮ˡ
˶º᲻ֻ֪ɰǣ԰ʱԼﻹá
Ԥƻ磬մЩɫȴʱױ
˷׷£ںãߵԣùеӣлдʣһᵽͷᵽβᵽ׷ü
һЦӾпʵĶѧ⼪ʣ
ѧˣֻաҲ͸ӿ񽻻䣬ܾ𽥱ճæͷȥ
ڳǰֱͬ˵˼ʡ
һԼ˵һſɰģ𣬡һҵ̫ãҪʮȫʮĲźá
̧ͷʶץס½ֱһƬſֵסһ¡
۵׷죬ǿͣסһƥҰֻһ±㽫ʳ
󱳡
һ㶣ֱӰζδЦƺαؽͣ£²Ƽɡ
ȴϵļ֣ƺ󱳡
̾һȥ£ת󱳾µİ̺ۣɽԺǰĻܽ˵Ĵ᲻һЩۡ
תȴĺ󱳡
ΪˣҸ֮¡
תȥźһ㽫§ڻУͷһǣ˵Щʲôȴ˵硣
ɵģһʱȫȻͷ
ɢһأֻסȴͣסĦֱϵİѺߣǲܣֻüһ̾δӦֱ
籩֮С
⽥֮ʱڲͣ۵û˯ȥȴǾȣſȼƺֱۡ
κ̲סͷ䣬һ黬䣬ڷ䡣
ǰֿٲȥֻۣǻʱ̡
᡿
