ŰŮһĿڡ
ߣ
ݼ飺
˯ǰģһĹѪʦͽŰĴʱ
׵ʦͽŰŮమɱ˴󼸰£ⳡҵҲһΧȺ
࿴ùǷһഩǸͬͬյŮ
ࣺ
ڴʱһЩ޾ûչŮûа£Ůһ˵ȣǧһŰȻȻѡŰĿڣ
˭Ҳʶ
һĪӣ
*
֮ѯųƽ޵еĲŽࣺΪ統񽣵һˣǷߴʤΪį
صôᣬɱɱˬ˺òã

ɣͳ
óˡ
ˬģͦɳģķ

Ů˧
psԭл£ȫûɶϷ
ݱǩ Ůǿ ˬ Ŵ˵ ̷
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣ  ö
һ仰飺һĪøὣ
⣺ǿϢȰǿ


1 
ˣվڴ֮ϣ»һȦ˷˽Լװ粼һΧͷ֮Ǹ޴ĺɫ֮ϡڡֳãȷʵ
ǵģ࣬ʿʮ꣬Ȥĸ߿ֱٰˣӹĿտʼͱס˵ĺ󲱾ͻȻ˴ôһ಻Щơ
һеһУҪ鹦ķһѪŰġ
౾һֹѪŰǾԶ֮ģǼܲסĺѩͨһƵ绰࣬ȥⱾС˵ھޣ㲻ڣ
ԤϵԼᵹù£϶֣ϧû
Űɵʲôײһ˵ѧһⱾ飬ʱˣԭⱾŮͬͬգˣⱾ黹һʦͽŰ
ʦͽŰС˵ľ·ⱾΪʢ裺ɾӰСޡôһʦͽŰѧĴ֮֮׹Ѫֱİо
ŮͬͬգҲн࣬¾֮һ˫һƷҽңǱŰŮܸĸ˫ȫͥҸּŮȻԺգڼﲢܳ裬ĸʮǰħм徫һҹ֮価ۣܿûȥĸ׵ųһҲˣúĸ׽ҼƵҲǳһɾ£ĸ󲻾ñµĺ֪ܿȢ檣ԽҲչˣ־ǿԸҲΪδַֺϺŰ˷ʣΪ˶ȴ˵Խš
ʱ֮ϣףиͨŲԵĵӽϢ񣬵ȴ̨λϵĽһͨ档
»һȦиտͷ龰ŮļĸŮһ׮£ԷĳҴĲݰӵܣ˲Ǹӵܣһʣʮְܻ˫ҲǳŮʮʮƵĸԣȻ̲һ׮µģŮȻȻѡ˻ڻ飬ĸҲǲȻŭŮĽ˭Ůһʰðһ׼ȥˣôŮڵ㡣
뵽̲ס̾һŮôҲ벻ǰԼһǧմһʦͽŰ·ȾŰѧжԵòֵһᡣ
౾˶Ű·Ȥĺ޲еЦǲΪŰµŮǵģĸԣԱԹۣϡףĸ֡
ŵĨͿͻȻ뵽һ£ԭдˣ˲ѵģҪǮģҼǮͣҪʮʯȻȼǮǶԽͨĵ˵Щг˵㣬˼ͨ߿
ʮʯⲻһСĿԭŮڼĸѹե֮£ͷȻҲԣ˱ȽϲԣǮˣҲˣܲܰһǮˮƯɣ˶ˣҪԳ·ɣ˶һоӣò˿̶˰ɣҲ̫ˡ
šˡľ񣬽治ĲվԭأĴֳһЩԼЩδľ֡
ڵЩ˴ĺ⸱ûĴʲôԵӣԱһλŻͨ⣬ԻĸС̺үһûķӣ
һ˵λүһҡԼеȣһ׼ӵܷɵװû룺ӷ϶ҪĪٴģȻһŰŮҺôһǹ⻷
Ťͷ̧ۿ֮ϣƿУ֪ĴڵأʮŴԶһãһһʲôӿ´²ȻҲⱾʦͽŰѧ廪Ƽ䣬Ϊ߶òдıǣһԽ࿴;˼һţС

֮ϣһȺΧһ޴ˮһȦˮͨƽһ澲ˮˮӳյģȻǸղŴ֮ϵľ
һλλӵܵı֣ҡҡеӣԸ꣬ѳɴ
ֿͬûһĽ࣬кЩ΢ؿ㣬ǲ
䣬Ա䲻زһߣصȷʵǿ㣬ֻǲʺ·
Ǹͨ£ֻ׺һɫ׺ݲ԰࣬һѹӵĳ
䲻ǺһǷǲֻǵͷһдɱĲˮǽޣһɱϣұޣһԺΪ󡣡
һ£ɫĵеĲ豭ֲ´Ĳһ䣺ȻǵͬΪı
㡭Ƽ䰴Ҫڴ֮ϼһִǹս֮ʱһҵǾãλС˼
ǵߺᣬ䣬͸һĵζӸߴɢؿ֦ľ񻨴ϣһббǰ˵˵ļơ
üĿΪΣ͸һƣ뵡һ仰ȴ֮ǰ²ŵĵʱ
ΣֻƼ֪ʦأʧԶӭ
˵ḧǰĽʣ£


2 
˵ɣ仰֮űһζˡ
λƽﲻǱչر̽ĺճӰţ쵽ʲôιˡ
Ѳǿʮͽ֣ѪҲҪմ֡
λͽĹս֮λһӦߣԭλеͽаš
ƽл£ʱɱ˼ѪĽһھ϶һ⣬;ùȸͽġ
лչͽֻܲ࣬㹻ͽ֮һڷ磬һűʾȫɣ֮һǳڣǱҵרּűǧﴫͬлǷԸͽл±ӦˣƽҪôĺҪôչأͽʮа˾Ǹ˴ŵĹͽܡ
˭֪ôһӦǳˣλ֮ٶȼֱһ·𻨴磬ͻһͻͽΪһżȽȽ֮ʱлµĴͽܣŵδħˣ˵ħ׼ȷ˵ǻݷѾõħѪͳһҹ֮䣬ħ;ɱһ˳ϢлʱлһԲ̽ɽϮǧΪԼŻ
ʱǣ˵˽壬лһɽǶǳűͣУ˵Ȼƣʮɫ֮һɱ˽š
ʵлԩԼĺѺȶ˾ԼĶﲹȻŴӶ޶˻ûѾԼǸûͽ߻ħϢ
лֵһӦ˭ȻԹȥħ
ΪڵǣͽȻˢӣʹħѪнѪħתͶ̥󷨣Ѫ飬ħϢͽڻħԣĿǰѾħŵŵһ
£ҲǴҶģлԼͽ涼ûأƽ޹ʵһΪʦͷΪ˰ҲΪƽϢˣԼһһͽתл£һµķ
˭֪ôһתתˣһתڷƽ˾ɵɣħħʱַˣŴ֮ʱлλһɴ޸ߵĶͽܣȫŹϵĺͽܵģ壬Ŵٵŷ֮Զ֮ڱӡѪ֮£żǧ˵棬ˣ˱񣬰֡
ԭλͽһʵѪĸһλʿΪһϵѪȵ繬͢ȨѪӡ˼䣬죬˱ʾѪ㴫мѣز̱ѪԿ࣬ǣ֮ѵӭع
ħˮȣһǾˮˮĺƽ״̬ϴһûӰ֮ĹϵڶԴ±ȡһֻ۱һֻ۵˷Żȥˣ˵ǾĽлʦĽԶѧ
±ϾҲĿֵ֮úңˣлֱһںڹԭܼ򵥣¶ŷħл£ɴһʣ²ħһȫ
һһħһԺһֵΪΪȷѪ꣬һлֵһӦͽܣö֮лϾͱһùȵӡ󣬶ڷ紫жͽҪôҪôħʲôˣӡ굽л±ˣͽܵĶˣʦû⣬лԭͻ۽ɱ˵ܿͱаķչԻԽԽ׵ķչ
л¾ԼǸԩ֣ҹѶԾҹ̸Ѳ¶ۼҫһԼյİͽл´ܴ̼ʹ˼ʹл룺ݺЩ꣬Ѳһ׵ͽ
˲󼺵ԭл±ŴԵĴ֮ϣΪԼһͽܡ
Ŀղתȥʱ򣬸λү߶߶ͣôɴĿڴϱĿŤͷһ䲻֪ʲô
ûзл»һЩ׼ȷ׽֣ɵơ
һ˵Ļúȱ£лûסЦλĿ

֮ϵĽ಻֪ͷλˮ֮ķƱãǰһ⡣
Ų֮ǲһɴں֮ͯʱͻͳһΪ˹ƽʱ²һ飬ּα
ܼ򵥣ַǰǸͨ͸֮ϣעݲͬƷֳͬľɫǼƷ񻹻лΡ
ע򵥣ǽǸէĴԽߣһڹεĵ伮һߵ飬ֵǶϵãǿ
Ǹļһ㣬ûиȫǴ⼼ɵһ㡣
ǰĶԽԽ̣Ͼ磬ע¶ڴ˵ǳԷˮһ򵥣ٲõķ䣬ͷǸϲסָ㣬ָҲ
ĳ죬⻯ͷλϻੲݵ죬飬һʱӰͰ͡
ƷǰĶԽԽ̣֮ǰǸŻүǰеĻӰڵ츳̨׵ʱԳСˣҪǰͽˡ
үҳȻ츳ڣ
׿Խ˰ɣ

ӵʹӰΣϴβסĵ⣬ϻǫţҪ֮ݵΡ壬ѾǼ϶ˡ
·ʱ¶ɫվԭأЦһϣⲻǷ˽ôţҲɵΣôţҲԼʲô
䣬һںôЦĬԣڷظ֮ǰϵĻһһ鲻䷳Ժ֮в⣬һɵ֮ɢ֫ٺָҲһ
һʱڵ¶ȶϢؽ
ôţôòɵ˰ɣһһүŵ˵
䣬ۣ۵׾Ȼâ¶Ⱥӹʶÿ·Ŀ̨̨ͷȻ


3 
̨ķԵΧƣƽԽƷ棬ֻŴԵӲŻῪ̨ϣЩ̨Ϊ᫣вȥ
ϵʱɺܶ࣬һ߽һ߻ԭйһεľ飬ֻǿϧδԭĲصȻŮ֮ķַֺϺϵ鰮ףֵôŨīزдŲǼ򵥵һʴֻǵŮΪһ㡣
ٶȵǺܿ죬ǰĶ齥̧̣ͷһöа˸ߣ־Ĭڸ̨֮ϣȱ־Ĭظ̨ܿܿ
öڿɽһڿɽϽһƷͬڻɽڻɽеһö
ֻöԭе˿ɲǺܺãΪǱŰС˵ΪսڣŮħɱһΣȻдˮ֮ˮʡԵսȫʡԣ͵ϵ۵Ķ߶Թ֪һʲô̬һ꣬Ҳдżӡ
ڻɽħŮħɱʱΪӻµԻ٣ȼһʶһĻᣬ⣬ֻŮǶξŰ΢һƷ
ܿŵǰִ֮ϣ񴥸һůһصӵﴦָ⻺ע뵽ǿС
ԺﲻסŸղųϷظҪԵҪҪظ飬ղλϷ·һѭȷظǶĵãûԹ⣬ԺҲǿܵġ
ʱ˿̣·һޱõľ磬ǳңû޹ɣȻ֪һרŵ򣬵Ҳ鲻ԽΪָоĿѣԡ
ǹǳŮϸݵָ⻺ע뵽֮Уǹʮ΢Ȼ𽥱ǿڲϹʮ˸ǵ㣬ܵǵ㣬ͨˣղλһүǵʮǵ㣬Ѿʮ˲õˡ
ǵǸ㣬һرҲâҲԽԽʢ
̨ԭźȲ迴ϷүҲԽԣﰵ룺Ѳʲô˲õʣ
ʣôһ˵Ĵ磬һûӣĪǡƽ￴ôɻүˣ˵ʲôյĵӣ츳ʵƽһֱɽӣòɽһˣȻʲô档
ˣү鲻Խһ亹Լˣ滰ͨǲɰֲ˵ķɽɫৡһӣֱӣԱȺ߹Ŀ
үôˣΪڵǸ߹æʣǲǿӲ˳ۣȴȽٰ֮үڶ
ү룺ҿллǰϲԣֻҡҡӣĵù
̨ϣǵһٶȷɿ죬Ʊͣһ⧲ûһ˿˿ಡһ£͵˵ʮ壬ʱٶȲ΢
ʮǵ㣬ǲ츳ˣҲ̫˴ﵽһʱžһ£ԭǵһֱֱһ㣬һֱͣͣʮˡ
ʮǵ㣬츳ˡ
ţһâڿ֮һͨӨףһǧ겻ţ֮˶ѩβӰһֱӵ̨֮ϣ౾ΧһȦ
ʱ֮ϣһʱĬôãҲǵһμּƣˮ֮λУҲһ˲
ʮλȴƬֻˬһЦû뵽ӻȺӣλ⺢ҿҪˣ
һַЦһһֵĴˣһƳһЦǣ˼ҺúõĹҪȥǵѬǵϸַ壬һ²
ڴ֮ϼһֵ֮ʱ廪Ƽ䣬һûͨǧ׵˵ЩһжΪʱ硣
һ䳡Ϸ·ųĬ˵debuff£֮ˡ


4 
׻˵úãϲһ츳Ҳһ츳ʣƼ佪ⷽ츳ǵǷ켫
Χһִ֪飬̨ϣ㶵ؿܣһȦȦѩɵĻѩ·ڳΨߵ֪ʶ֣ҪЩƻõĲȴһա
ϾǻֻһӰˮ£ŬҲֻһգ֮̾顣
ֻ֣һԵĳɫӵƷ
£֮ϣһʱ䣬ҿĿгɬĶ
̾о棬ģǡļʣĿΧ֮£ӣ·ûһ̨ףûһ˿˿ִ٣Եִݡ
ĴǱȽί˵˵ûûΣ߿֮ǰ˶ǳԲȥȲȥĵãӼȥǰһСʱ򿪵һǶˣȻ󻹳˼سȥ
еϴү䣬ͷЩˬʱҲһʱС˵ϾϻʱԼԼᵽ˿ͻȻϮĿУˬޱȡ
үǰүؿһۣһŤͷ̧֣Ĵָ£ɴرһơ
ү룺츳ʮа˾ĳܵӣȴУ˳ȴ죬һĻ֮Լǧܵ
ţͿǰͻȻһƣǸƺܹŹ֣ү
үѲʲôӡ
ܿȺŮļŮĴ䣬ŮĸŮŮ֮һڲϣ͹ӣֻڲһЩƣȻζԺвļƬ֮ҵ˴ķξͳɹˡ
ָⴥ䣬һ룬ǰĳͷ˱任һƬqqľɫһ뵽ԼĪʶӣģʼ֮ڣһ룬ҿҲ3DӵӽĺЩһ˳ǹսϷڶӦĺԼıԼɾֻнŵһСʯͰ͵رòСϸµذš
֮ҪһЩ취һǮôʵڲУ׬Ǯʲô·кд֮ÿÿ»ᷢ¹ʱһļӳһա
ŮŵɫͷҡĶҡΣֻ㡣
ࣺ˭ʲôʱôһˡ
ԼίһЩģһĪøɱ֣˭
СҲû뵽̬ôӲϵЦҲЩǿֻϸϸҽĪȻǰٻʿҲμŴԵġ
ŶѰ˼ţⲻǷϻ
ĪȻ䲻ȵ̬ȸЩΣ뵽֮ĿˣӲͷƤ֪ΪʲôΪʲôҪУ
˵ãôһ˵ҲִǴ֮ϵ˶Ⱥӣɵվһ
ΪΣʡ
ֻĪȻ渵ԭƴֻͬΪǧ֮ؾҪԶУһ飬ҲΪ˶ʿЭȻһЩĶʿҲſɵһѣʱɱֻͷϣѾһ޹ؽҪп޵ĹҼ벻޹ء
ֵһǣѭԽûиνԽԵʣؾİװǰȫǶʿͬһĵһڶǱ䵽һĶȫؾ֮û棬ֻʱżԷ
ȻִڶȲձʵȺôүҲһĵΪľؾиӦ
꣬ͻȻ뵽ԭдؾŮҲӣǱŰŮʲôرùʣŮȫ̵һģɻϺĸĸȫǸãĶżˡ
뵽һ㣬˲¾Զ֮һԶ㣬ƴѧѧÿαСҵĥľҹ߿࣬üҪæԣһС׷ڵüĶĸǿȻԽԽҷҲĺʵ׼
㣬ʳڣһ˵ܳԿģؾƱΣأǰҲиӦ
ĪȻΪֿ˼ƺҡһɣʮа˾ǳˣֻҶ˹
ĪȻ
ˣֻ̣ʽ㣬˹Ǻ⣿
⣺ΪˣԸͲʶ˽
ȻĪȻؿתȥһΪտĽ䣬һ˱˶һΪеɪС
ߣԲʮһӰޣĴԵø롣
ǣ˹


5 
ΪͬɵĴԵø룬ĪȻȺ֮пȾһ¶˹飬֮ܶһʱ䣬ȹһΪ徻ʱ⣬ȫ̶һ߿ӱĿһԺ伮
ԭŮڼǲܳĵλӴĵ伮ҲʮޣԺĲ䣬伮ַΪĴ࣬ÿһΪƷŮڼӴģһЩƼ伮ƷΪ࣬һЩСҲֻһŵˮ׼Ͼܱûǿ໹һһĶͼмȡһЩɵС
ħܿ쿴ԣеЩĶüĿԼĿǰҲһڵˮƽЩ伮Լ˵Ҳǹá
ӵ룬֪ķˮأȷѰɿԱ⣬֮Ϊ˿⣬ŲԵĴ߷壬ѭеּ˴̶ŶŵϺŵģҲ°빦֮С
ֻ˲μŴԵĵӶֻ˳ͨˣȴǧѷĻᡣ
ĿӪԭڵԵ£ھʶֱײظĵڵԭҵӪ𽥱Э΢ǿ֢һԵüΪġ
ԭЩ͵𽥱˳֮ƺһϫܵγһѭֹȻܶʼ
λ㹻ƫƧûע⣬ֻǻм˫۾ϣŨشζƺǷʸΪһϸµĶ֡
ޱȵľãβ˫ۣӵֻƺ֮ǰΪͨͨ׵Ļԭоһõĵ綯ֳ˵ʲôʱͻϨ𣬶ڵоһܲڵͨš
ûнܹϵͳͨʶ֪ľ廮֣ʱѾڣȴΪԼһڵС˼ϾԺŮдļ䣬ƽʿҪգС˵Ƭ̾ɣ˵ȥʮʮľס
Ϊĸıȫģˬֻݸ̣֮ǰȥͷޱȵ伮ҲĶһ߰˰ˣһ߿һ̲סпĪɻдٽѧϰĹЧҪ֪ˣɴɾͺˣҲ˯ҹͨˢ⡣

ˮ֮⣬һȺڴ֮ϵˣÿﶼԼĿ
ĪȻ뽭ĴڨλǸһᱩƢıϸ磬˸ǶеĶȣ߷߲ƽȿڵߣͶȡɣѳɴ
ִԲӣԭһֱͷ峤Ͽڵһѧߣϻǩһ߿һߵһ;ҲǼΪҪģʵȴ˵ͨ˿ˣҲı£ֻ߶ԶͲ֪ˡ
һ˹׵ķô֮ھƬ̣󱬷һЦȿЦ̲סƵãã
֮ǰǾ׵츳ֻ׿ԽֺȤζͶֱעĺͽܣ޲õ˹մһʦͽ̫¿ִ
һƬ֮ʱĳԾԾԵ䳡̲סڵԸ츳ԲѷҿŮҲˡ
һм֮ĵʱ䶼ںʹҷ֮ҲϰΪƬ֮˵˵ЦЦԴ֮ӸֻཪƼһĬĬعȫ硣

֮󣬴֮ϵĵӸɸһ˲֮ģϾ츳ܹ黹ڶʿ츳Ҫּߣֿտࡣ
һ֮󣬳м¼ͨ򣬽ָһ̧һǳָһζʱ֮䣬֮ϷƱ任ԭտƽĴݣֻĵһڿУһĵ졣
ڴ֮˾֮ʱֻλһ䣬¡һ죬һɫʯƾճ֣һʯϵƶˣʯԼԼУֻܿһ߶޴ʯ̨
֮ڵǧףʱ㿼ʧܡΪλ¡


6 
̧ͷȥֻǧʯ׸ƣηΪʯ׵ĸ߶ȶʱΪʱ˵ģͻȻ뵽ʯôߣһпָ֢ô죿
뷨ҲһζҡҡͷŴ󲿶ӵʯס
ΪʱޣȺһӵϣʯ֮ΪŵĵطûУüһ½Ų˺档
˵֮ǰ˹˵ЩţȷʵһеˣôɳͷЩΪ
ڽ࿴ǧܰ˰ףһʼͺķЪˣҪѭ򽥽˽ٶʼձڶΡ
֮һʱ򣬽һ֮֫Ϸ·׹дǦ飬ÿһҪ֮ǰķѸߵ
ңü֪ǲĴÿʯ֮ļ϶ƺǰһЩ
ѶȵӣȺ֮˺ܴľ룬·˰ײһһȣѾʼȦȵر˵һݶӡ
ǰǸ˱ԼĪһٶ̨׵ӦǸޣǸԲ׳һϸһȭܴԼ
ǧʯ׵ʱ򣬽һʱǰһڣǰľɫͻȻ˱á
⣿ľһ£ҹΪǧĥĹû뵽⾹Ȼħ
ʱһԼδħɾֻɾǽϽ󹹽ɣеһЩԴһЩ磬û죬ڵϸȻûʲôˣɾħɱķʰ쵣ɱء
һ˰׵ĺ֮ϣȥٲȻһչ̬ΧһȦĴ
ţֻһˣĸߴͦΣֻඨһЦԭʢٵĵطװһſ
ǾܹרҵѵģȻ󣬡ͣһûסЦ
Цˣü
תȴýຮëէ𣬵һ㼦Ƥ
һˣôһſؽ㣬˶þ㤺
¶ۼ⡱һξ룬һ²ʲôֲһǿװ򶨵ʵǣ
˹ᣬʵʮؿʦ𰡣
űԶͻȻ鳵ƯƹĿ룺Ҹƨʦ𣬸ү
ʱҲˣһԭľγɵһþֻ֪ΪΣԭŰһȸЦ־㤵ľ飬ǽͷԡ
಻֪ǣþǸʿ־ɵģֻ˼·ͬбڣػ˴ĶȻҲʹס
鳵ƯƵĿߣһĬ㲻Ҫһ߷ٺˡ
ˣǸ׷ڰ˰׵մ֮ˡ׷ӣѷɡľ乷ѪŶΡ
ֻȽ䣬ֽýݣŵĨͣܵķɿ죬һ͵˴ſڡ
ƿţδ˿
ǸԽԽӲҵģ
ģϣ
Զ֮ϣƼ䲻֪ΪΣͻȻһ磬˲Ŀ
һֱҲһ취һͿһߣһţйþȻγ˱һƽķӡ
Ŀ⿴ϵĳ⡣
ͻȻǸתۺЦؿ뿪ˣΪʦƢˣָ֣Ů֮ʱһɾʹĿڴ
ֻһᴩؿڣĽȻڽϡ
Ϥһֱ彣
νᴩĶһǳɣȻЦ̺Ųɫɱ
ߴȻأһ绯Ϊ۳þҲ֮
Ȼսʤ־ð취ֱ־壬֮
ǰٴһڣٶ۵ʱǰȻãǧʯ֮ϣ˵ʯ̨֮ϡ
λϣɻͨˣ
ǡһĳϻصһ֮ϼ¼֣ޣ࣬ǧһ
Щ̫˼ӣǵֻǧף
λ϶˸̶ȣĵػصǧУǧ˽ףʿܣʣһǧĽףʿľһ㣬ľļѡ


7 
˼飬ϼڵҿԺ츳ļѣʮ壬Կһ塣
壬ԭ˵ֱΪ׵壬ԽƼΪ׵廪壬һ壬Ŭ˼ȴδʣµһ壬ԭоһѦһĴڣûôἰȴڸʮ㡣
֮УƼ廪϶Ǵ㣬ϸŰûôһ˼ȥֻΪ׵ȽϿףԭ֮д˵ĻԸֻµĵͨΪ˵Сɳֵġ
ǿʳ˶費Ҳͦˬ𣬶ҽʱĴҲȽΣ֪᲻ᾤҵҵѭԭľһŰȫͰײͣһ׵ʦűԵΪҪ
Խ޼ԭŮҲһޣֻһԭĵľ齭ۣԭΪŰĵıڣŮս־Ůˣúõһ;˴мһ棬һһʿԭֻһЩЦļġ
ͨ˿˽Ҳ޴ȥֻһ¶ţһἴؾͨǧ֮ڱַÿһ
򲻹ƴСȥֻһͨͨʯõ󿴿ҿ̽ԵעһЩһƬ΢âʶ룬ǰһС֣ʲôƽԵĹ
ǹؾļҪؾԭĳλ츳رֻλܺúõҪʹĿ֮ΪħִԲȻͼˮˮǳأհˮ䳱û˷֮ʱͱĳλ·޴ˣƽ޴νλشҪʹɱ֮ʱ˴ţλǸ۲۵ɱξףǣλ㱻ڹؽգǸ츳رҲÿӵؾ
ǽ⣬˵õǹûӹ̣ʲôлʲôԸʹؾʲôһĻڸģڳի
ţ׵ģһʳ⶯һʳݶ
ؾϸܣǧǸӲŽڶˣһһµϸ磬䳤ޱ飬ĵԱߵҰݱƣϸߵǼ֮󣬲֪˵ʲôϸתͷ˼ؿһۣȻ
ǧĵһϸӲһûиĸ
ǡɴصͷ
ϸʵǸҳģ̸֮·Ѿѽ൱һһ޶
ϽһֱŵĶȷ£֧°͵ЦУʿ޸ĸɽʱҰˡٺܿ죬ȻǺһɷнµӣ˵ֵʱһ䡰ơ
⻰λϸҭסˣĬ˰νＷһ䣺ڰ
ͷ΢Цлҿɲڰֱӿϯòã
ʱܿȥλ½½شǧгֻǵ飬಻ƽɫ֣㱣ƺڻþ֮޷԰Ρ
ʱѵǧһĵӴǧгϺ£е򣬳
ָһӣԭµǧһ㱻£ǧоþòóͻȻѣӸǧٹֵĻþ֮ٴλصʱһã顣
ؾȻͨ°
Ǹˣ
ʲôǺɱ𣿡
ûͨؼҪҵȥˣ

֮ϣһʱ̬ϲ˰ɤֵûͨ˵ӣȥͨ˵ӣ׼ؾ
ٴλ֣һзɳ֮ӭ󣬱һǶűʯ鱦ĴţǴʮϵİֶɺ챦ʯǶɣΧȦϹ۾ʯˡ
룬еζ
ϼؾ֮ԳһأҪɱ޺Ͳɼֲȡ飬֮ڣһǧöϣΪͨ
ٴλ֣űϷһһΪӵȥߣеȥұߡ
һʱ䣬Ħֺ֮ϵμطֳȺ壬ֻѡеȻռݶеҲͼʮˡ
еĵӴҷ·𶼶˹ԶԶģĿ죬صأʮĮ
еͻȻ΢һ£ֻǸϵ֮ʾ֮˵֣ؾ֮໥֣ء
һ£ǿԸĵģǸԼ֮ϱ˶ѵġ˼һ£ԼָĳˡС
ո֣ǸϴһӣӦֱӱͶؾС


8 
ڿһ˲佭˺ܶ࣬оԼʱ˿̾ǾϷǸսֻԼȽϵùûнɡָߡ
Գϻеģ֪еһЩսӴǰһ̣渡һɫϸ߽֯ɵͼͼؾΪģ˷ӿڿĴ֧֮һƽ𲼳ɵ˵ƺƴ̬
Сӣͼ粻ƫƫǧһʱ򿪣ǲǴŪЩʦʦãؾߴֻһһɫ۵ǸΪʿĺ󾱣
ʦҴˣңǸΪʿзһʼֻΪޣʵǸս
ǸΪһɫۣɫׯʿǹһǳЦ᲻ص³֣ã
ãɣһѲƶ̬

ƽ֮֯ϣ֪ΪΣͻȻ뵽ԭеһѪŶΣǸʦм䲻֪ʲôŰķ裬һŮ׷ʱ򣬾ȻŮһɵĽһԼ֣ʵ̽໥ĥİ¡
ǣĿǰ龰ֲЩеûģΪǸùȣС˵ľһ֮鶼鱦ؼȿֺͶڻҷСĪľŶΣʱ˿̣࿴Լºʡǿա̬ʳ㣬ʼ˼Լùǲǹ̫᳹һЩ
ʳ㲻ͬڼ¼ƬпķƷΪˮʳƷͷһսʮ־ˡ
ʱ˿̣ʳʳ㣬һ
ƽ֯һ緢ɢղŻΪȱ£Լʦӻһ½ʱһЩľϲʿԵʱ䣬Ͼָ֢£޽ҲûС
֪ͽ֮ǲʧȺʳĿѪ죬¶ſȳĴڣŽζ
ջͼֵ㿪Ӱ󷨣˽ʿ˷֮ͳһͬؾ
Ӱ󷨿Լؾ紵ݶ󷨸һչ˾Ϳ˽ʳľ
ҿʲôùȣһʼʳȺ󾪽г
ʳȺؾ֮пǹϵĲǣȺӺ飬˵׺ޱȵ̬ʱкüӱͳؾʱƨϻźüֻʳ㣬ֲֺЦ
ֻʳ㣬һؾкΣһʼͱ͵ʳȺϷ
˿Ž࣬Ŀ֮ж˼Σ֮ʱᱻԶͳؾʦŴԵؿǻûʼҪˡ
ϧ绨Сʦˡлʦһϧ񣬴ʱ϶˼ֲֻ̣ؾ֮춨ΪԹߣҲóȻʩȡ
֪ʱͬ飬һ뵽˴ԺΪ伮аļһǵҲ̫ʲôģֻΪγһƳɵϣ򵥴ֱΪǡ
ˮ治ʱһֻʳԾˮҪ˺ҧĴȡ
Ȼεط֣˿̫Ӳˣҧ
ܣһγɵǣǼӲ徢ֱӱŴȻһõͷ­
Ѫˮ棬һֵķʼʬˮ棬㱻ĿʳƬֻ֮ʣǡ
ʳ֮Уһһˮǰ˰
˷ʳ㶼ʳһζӵϣʲôֲƬ
һʱ䣬ƿβĻˮʳҧϵһãҲ𽥲˿ڡ
ɱ˺ܶʳ㣬Ҳ˺ܶˣ˾һƵѪˣһ֧Ž˰
̫ˣʦ֣̫ˣ󵱳ؾʱǱ˴ӵޣʬɽѪƴɱĳͬ޿ɸӡ
һԲЦʦ֣Ҳ̲סпһ䣺ǽް
֮йӲд֮һ
ϰ浹ڵϣͷɢޱȣڴڵش¡
ϰԱ߼ֲи⣬һ۾һֱЦһƬһһնǡ
ȥʬˮƬ̣˿ſ飬龧Ө͸ڿУִȴһգ黯΢ã뽭֮С
ʹ֮λǰһͬʱΪӭеӿֵľ㳡֮ϣͬһһ˸ߵʯؾеƵı仯ʾҲ֮䶯
һ죬ҶϤ̽ؾͨɱˣһֺʾǸλֻǣͻȻʯһ£ֵĵסˣ׷ǰǸ֮羰ޡ
ʦ֣㿴ʯǲʧ޻ˣ
Ҿ˵Ҫڼ飬ʦ㻹

ܡǸΪʦ֡ͷ̧ɱĿģֵĶδһ
˰ͬ
ʯƲ˻һֿܡʦۣͬһʱ䣬ִʯƵײһ·쭶ϣƲɵ
Ǿɱ̫࣬Ҫ˵˺仰
ʦֿʯƵı仯Ҳʮֲ⣬ŵһ죬ôôɱ
ֻʯ֮ϣڶ֮Уַǳۣԭտͷβ֮У͡СΪĳȺζȻԵ÷ۡ
ŵҲۣǰ˰٣Сһǧ
üһһʱͰѱɱˡ˸п
ҵôͨأŶҸҹģûˡ׷
ҵʱ߱һǧֲ鲻಻٣һǧŷ޳ܵҫ
۵һ̬Ⱦǣһǿֲ˹̫ܾˣ
۽к߻ʦΪʲôʯƸһʦʯƵʱֻʮʯȻҲǼֵʮʯĶ
ϾһǮһֻģҪǮ


9 
֮ϣλƼ֮أ峤Ϸ֮뾭ѵ֣зЦݣһɵӣԵΪѺϵ֣һη֣Цһӣ˼˼
ȷʵҲص֮ÿЦ
Ҷֵܿʱ˾Ͳˣֻ֮һдɱžһ棬ˮɽ
ý֮˽־󣬴ɱͬഥô֮˲Ŀһʱ찲
ΣֻƼѲŰͳһһ٣дβסĲĿ⿴һ˵ֶǷ
λϷˣཻһ񣬲Լͬ룺ˣùôǵˡ
ʱеþͷӳˣֻɤӣʲôͳ껹ûǼͷ֮飬֮ٺúùѵ
ҲšƼȻԸưոݣݶָָ۵֣ڡ͡С֮ԥһ£ڻѡ˸Ϊֵĺߣ㿴óȻƺԼΪ˸ĸֱǵΪڲˣţָǳʲô³
ϾҲû
⻰һ䣬ڵĿЩô꣬ͽҲʵǽƼ⼸ǵյĳ˵ĳϡ
ߴ֮ϣԭŵһе˼ƽл޹ǹЩƵ룺ҲûҺծͽʲô°
ֻﶼһǱ߼лͲǣֻһĨƿնƫеغڽƼǰɢЦ繣ۻղ˵ʲôлһʵ
Ҫһ޶ϵѾ׼øƼ伱ȵĵҩģ巨ɽɴ˼޹ǧһ֮ʱл˽
Цѣλص档
£²ؿˮ֮еľˮУǡǽıʱ̡

ʳħڣоΪԭصϢһ磬ֱŴɽг
˵ؾطַĵͼֻǽ·һѰ죬ûмͼӰ
һ·ϣֱǰؾ֮и޼һʣϷɵĵܵˮεĶһ顣
ղ·ˮЪϢиʶתͷȥֻһ˵ںߣˮɢĿԶԶȥƺɫ԰ףܻѪ
Īʲôңɫһݣǰȥ֮ǰֳһ£ղű֮оȺ׷ɱĿǰ֢ڣʲô뺦Լ
˼һ£õĳһֱ۴ϸһ˸ߵ֦վԶ֦̽Եشһ˵ļһ££ûзӦ
²ιȥˣ룬Ȼֻ̧ͷ¶һ˫ɺۣǳѿŷݴţڵس˹
ⲻˣˣ
һ·Ϸ˰ĥ෴ӦҲǷɿ죬ʶὣ㵲Ҳǲ̫ӣñͱһ͸
ͱ˻ݣҲ׺֣ƴһҲҪͽһһý˷һŰ߷ɡ
࿴ˣǱſڵϣؿڲŽݺݵضɣҪǿԻ˺Ƭ븹С
̾һĪ
ʱ޽ѵҪǰȥͽⲫ
˼Ƭ̣ʩһ򵥵ķԺһΪʿһٸССн̸ģⱾĳλдΪʵżͷҾޣ˵һһЩ΢еķҲʩչ
ΪٸֻǽڵʩչЧǰȺֻǸܵˮһ˲䱻ɣˮֵʧ·ʧȥ룬񶼱޹⡣
ء໡ĿһЩ޷Ľ
һźҪĿγ̣˷ƶ֣Ϊ̵ͬͨޣҲǰʿΪʳĶޣ֮ǰƾǼѾһ̭ˣ˭֪˽࣬ײˡ
˸ղŻĴǱĥˣһʹ죬ǽΪһէäȻǶ˼Եһſ
ؿŽ࿳һӲľΧһȦ䷨һƻָӲ֮УȻ֮䣬ȼ˸ߣΧס
౻һ£Լָ⣬ĵô
ܽѬǣѾˣϵ취ǣ໹Ӵˮ㣬һ߿һ˹ؿ㣬ﻹʲôͬ࿾̫
֮иֵζϵȫ˿һ߷ǰĿ㣬һдʣ֣ҲңϿɲҵĽ˿ˣϾôһһѰʯɽأ⽣ôҿɲ
˵ˡһ⣬Ҳе
ϾйıӦң


10 
˵ùûʣҲܻȻûѧ˻ǻĳֶԵıܣܿˣԲ˵ʲôûΪŭצѾڵٳüˡ
ǻд֣ЩӴʱ˿̶᲼ɱɱɱ
ͷר־ؿ㣬˵㽭ֻ΢شһ£ϵֲȫϵĵֻܱ֤һȥȺζǱľͺˣҪȽҪ࣬ؾ֮УȻֻһûпǵͨ㣬ȾûԹҲǼܣȻҪȷǿ࣬ǿҪʻۣڼ˿ûѰ
һ߳һ룬Ҫͺˣ㻹꣬ĿתڹѾ˳ˣѭΪȼԽԽζˣʱ˿̣ɢŨ
౾ųԻ˵أһ£ִͷԭˡ
Ȼˣ⼸γʵʵζѬ֮£˵鲻Խرƻ
˿⸱飬ĵЦһ޴࣬˵ɫԻ˰ɣ̷תɫ˵ʶضԽ¶һЦ֮Ļ
ᵹʯʱֻɫһ䣬ˡ⡱ˣȻٰͷת˻ȥ
룬Цݿ尡
ܵĻ潥Ϩ㴦һֿûȫ״̬ǰϵĽȡֺش¡
ǰ֮ǿĿ£࿴ˣҲ
һ롰ôǽࡣ
һ롰ʲôʱȥˡ
ҲһԣΪغׯ꣬ĳλ·շⷽؾ֮йʹãЩ׼ƶ˵޽̸ĲпһΡ
ƾƵ壬ѾӺ˺üؾĵˣÿζóѣȻڱ죬ǿϲɺأһֵÿϯĴ¡
ڵ£Ĳ鲻Ըر۾ǰﶼǶԽĶ䣬ǽ㻰൱˵˿
ܿڿлΪޣȻһŸɾ͸飬ղʳɵָͷС飬ɵ飬аȭͷСƯڿУΪ˵̬
λƵسʶִһ£ͻȻ䷢һƺ⳯ϸһһѩЯĽ⣬ǽڣһ񲻿ɵ̬ɿ֣Ӱе䣬ڵϹȦͣڽĽűߡ
ɭ͸ű˵ƣǽ΢һǽѽն£Ƕޱȡ
࿴򽣹Ϯֻ֮һŻ۵ʿʱ˿ͷɢң·Ѫ߰ߣȺ࣬ؾ֮յĽΡ
ΪλүǣϥʺãһĮ飬üƺ뵽ʲôһûзڵǱǸ˭ǣ
ǣ༸Цƾʲô
ðջЩòײɱˣȺˣֻһɵءǡãһȻף
ƫƫǸүС˳˳ˮ˹ˣʱ˿ûʶԣԹԵ˵ҿһˣƾǿɱޣɣǣһ·ͬУΣ
ǲأڴĻܵͣȴʮĮ
үɫһ䣬ҿǾƲԳԷƣӣȴû뵽ô֪ȤãǾ̱үĽУ
˵գλүٴγʣγһ磬ϯ
಻Ҵ⣬λү˿ˮȴˢӣһᣬӲһ
λүĽ鱦Ľȴһɽ¼ϰʯı˻нӣǷɽ
ĽǺܸӣûӦϣֻԽӲдǻҪϲϵıԵ
˶̱ӣۻңŶ˽֣ݲ԰ףƺвү״ɫԽţڣ˽һ߾гȥ
ǽޱȣǱУҲҲУһ룬ǸֱҭںôҲ˵
һɾʹĴֻһɵĳˮ֮һ·ӷ賤ˮ涼˱ǱĽˣͺᴩؿڴ
㣬ˣ޳֮үƴȫնһ㲻ıڵϣһ߿ѪһָŽ౯ߵ
찡սʣֻүĵأȺں֮Ŀע֮·ɿ֮ززʼ磬ʵ˵ĶԾ𣿡
롣°ͣһ˼ӣȻһһЦ˵Ӧûаɣ
ҡĿʾ⣬үһȥ֪ޱȵĳǰѽͬɽ°ʯƽԾǲƽȻȲƽˣȻûɫˣ
˵ֱ׳ƫƫʮֳ֣˵˵ʱ˵Լ
ֻȡһүֱޱȵؿȳһѪزˣǱã־塣
һ侭ġһŹġλүĲ鲻Ը˳ؾˡ
֮ϵ֣ϢرĨһǸɿûһ˿˿
һĻͷβˮ֮λкһֱעŴӰ󷨵ļλӾ۵ס


11 
ΪһȽޣһؾʱ򣬿ǱؾԵĿ࣬ò˾ţ֮סޣȻٷϰ÷󷨽ɱʱؾԷ·װ̽״һߣᡣ
ؾǱڹ໥ɱģϾ籾ǿʳһζǿ׷ƽҲûе
ؾҲһнģһ޽޵߽ӣһһһƣ鷨ʵ޿滻ɷޣ޿滻Ϊޣףؾ֮սǿľǽ޺ͷࡣ
һޣһؾ֮оϸ˵˵ģ£̾һ
֪һЩ˧Ļؾ˿ʼ֮ǰһȺ˹ӣ룺˧ҲҪͨؾСһ
ؾ֮ɵˣ⻹治УԭһȺ˼ֱʦͨԣؾ֮гȺӵĽӣר˵ͶɹһӦõӣ̫󣬸սؾͱˣ˸󣬰ѲҪľ񷢻ӵ¡
ߵ׵編δؾ֮п̫ң·ƽεˣؾضˡ
ʦøɵƯٴθп˺ؾôãǸ˽ǺúˣһʳԱһֱȥ˵ã
˶Դ˵ͷʾлﻹһ½Ľʦ⽣ʵ˵ãһ콣޵һˡ˵գ̾һϧֻѽʵǲôղǳСָ֮ƨӣ
ϧˡһ΢紵һ̾ɢڷС

֮ϣˮ֮⡣
ÿĽÿ֣з̲סԸп
ȷʵһʾյУһˮƴһһĶãı󶯣δз̾
úõĺӣΪʲôǸްзϧƽױ廪塣
ʮ壬彣޽Կ룬ֻͬȣ޵ӸԸ廪壬ԭֻ廪Ƽ佣ھȫڣ״Ҳյ콾ʣµһ壬ʮûͽˣ˵Ҳա
һڿ̾ϢУһԵø룬ƼһڵСҳݣͽһЩСˡ
ؾ֣˿Ժ󲻻Կ
˵仰òˣ㷢ܣһ䣬ˡ
ƼһڴҶ˵Ĺһ廪֮ͱ˴֮Ϻȥˡ
̲Ϊͣڻһεֻߴ˲мЦһǡ
ܲӣǿ

ǽƼԳ淴̵Ĺ̫񣬽ؾó̿һ˳һ·ϣɱ񣬷ɱ
ĻǴ򲻹Լģżģһս֮ջҲǲС
ֱ۷Ӧǣڴ֮ϣǸΪСڳʼαɿ粻֪ƣɱ¾ؾ֮Щʹɱ֣һء
ȻԻ͵ս·һƣݺݵش˽Ƽϣطף˵Ĳ
һ·ȷʵ̫˳ֻһᴩ¥޵ͷ­췢һ˿ڴӿһѪȻأĲ鲻Ըر˫ۣصзƺƴ
пһĻ󣬾ǽȾѪȻأŶѪȵزŽϵѪ棬ܿ飬ȴ鲻ԽһȻ㡣
һһԭһɪɪһĻʶһ
ԭһλ޽Уһʼ˷ַĵͼֻ;Ƿ޲ȰҪڵͼϱرǵޣ;ִ򲻹ǷȽŵĨͿѲƶֻǿûսĵùʿңʮа˾ŲҲУȻ̭ؾ
˴һδ۵צ֮ʱͼһһƿϮٶȷɿ죬һӰһնް˸ߵצһۻҽŭĲһն佣£̿ˮ
޾޴ƮɢһöȭͷС飬黺ͷҲأͷг֪˼ʲô
˱һΪרעг۷ѵǸַ潣޴Ӳͷޱը
һսԺﷴ֣淶ᣬǰһʦͨУʵ֮ʱһοͨһһͣסˣСɭֱֱײǱצһҪһֱɵľ̫ˣ


12 
һΪЩ£ԺһҪ£ſҷɣһײʲôˣԼ¼ûٿʯңҲⲻġ
ԺС汬ըطɿ죬鳯Ҳôںֻһץһۣת뿪֮ʱԭԭɪɪһʿ뿪һʶǰһѿڶ
ȥֻһ˹֣΢΢ǰ㣬һʿĳڣҲѧҲһ
ʿһ̵ĵӣȻһޣüۿ㣬һʱ̬ж޳ӡ
һɫ԰ףң׺Ű߰Ѫһ֮˫֮˿Ƿǳңֻڵ˾ԪٻʿղŶлѰν
޷С¶ѣѲؽ黳˵һ£˵ղűûλվҲڱصõġ
Ѱɱһֻ˵ɱһףƽеĸַ緶һʱ˶ԽȻ𾴡
Ϊ˾ԪҡҡͷϵˣѾ֮ǶΪ뿴
䣬ȡһͨƵĵͼǵͼէСֻаƴСȻͼ֮׭ĳ󷨣ӭչа˸ߡ
ֻǰ˸ߵĵͼ֮ϣúɫִֹճؾŵͼȻЩ͵ϣֻټĵͼ֮ϣûʲôɽӵķֲֻú̲ڵͼϼΪܵĶҩ޽бǣȥͼ֮ϰ̣֡
ַǼؾͼ࿪ʵ
Ѻһؾ֮Уĳ֮Ѱݵͼ˵ˣ˾ԪϹһ˿Цϧݵͼȴʹһ·Ϸǵͼ֮ϱǵĵص㣬̾ᣬʵãҲֻȴˡ
һ·϶յͼ֮ϵָ̽˷ôʱȴҲա
һ˾ԪȻ뿪ˣֻ˫ƽٵͼķ򣬡ͼãѣҲñѶǵʩ֮
ƴȻЩ࣬лɴؽ£Ȼ˸
һƧ֮һ֮£ͼƽǰϸϸ
ղžһƳֻͼɿŵĻ磬ϸĦڷͼƵͼ֮Ҳ֪Լ͵ϵжףɴڵͼϼԼ˼ֻͼ֮ϣ֪ʱһָͷСī㡣
īէһעĿǸղŽǵã˴ӦǿհһƬġ
˼Ƭ̣̤ԼĽеԶһòľ֮ϣһչͼֻī㲻֪ʱƫЩ
ԭī൱ڽ౾ͼ֮ϵ꣬࿴īܣֻһ棬־Ŵ˴̾ᡣ
Ǻ֮ǰǸ޵ıǣҪ࣬Ӳ˰ԲȦ
һеһУ·ڰʾŴ˴̾жǿᣬ鲻Խȴ֮С
£ͼ봢֮У̧޷˵
쵹Ҫ޵Ǻηʥ

ؾߴڵϣζؿʦ֮ǰĽ䣬ʣ¶˰һһڷ伮
һƬȻԵ֮ʱֻӰĳһʶ̧ͷֻӰ֮ϻֳһɽӰ
ɽӰһ˲䣬סˣԹԣŵ죬ôȥˣ
ʣ¶˽̧ͷӰ󷨣ֻ֮ϣأӰɭɭϸСĺɫӰһ
ؾ֮ʮޣŽǰǿڣ֮һЩԭĳ֮£ʱһĶԸѶԸ
һؾһĽޣʵ£ͳ֮ʱλл±˿ܲ͸磬ϵв͡
Ҳԭ˽һ͵ʿ
ҿĸù󽫴Ӱлӽǣֻһһζٶȿþˡ
Ȼ󣬡žһ죬Ŀע֮£ǽ͵ײϣҶù
Ƭ̣ճҶڳǽ󾪣ʦãô㣿


13 
ȾѪճɢ۵״⣬ȻһԾԾԵ顣
һʱؾ֮еһϵΪסпôô
ؾǻ칻ͨ˵һǧö´ˣʦòһ˼Ǹˣϰ
֪˴Ҳˣһ̣ͼӴ֮ͳʲô
һֻǺȻ֢߸ϹͨƵؾͼǵͼ֮ϣ˴ճ̶ȿǱĵرǳˡ
һ˷飬ǲ֪֪ɽлƫɽУ
Ƭֻ֮ʦлЦúúãұ޾͸
֮䣬һе޲õ괩ὣȥһʵǳ
鸴ӵؿʣµİֻ䣬ҿʦֵؾ֮ͬʲҪȻʮа˾ҲǸ˳콵н޵ʦһһ˿ľڴ˴²ɾڵ붾

൹᳤֮УִЩˣеľǲľȥдУؾ֮ҲǼΪʢ
ǣﲻԣ
ü̧ľϷֻּз紵죬֮⣬
̫ˣһֻ·ķӹûУ֮ߵʱ䣬ģֻԼĽŲԼ
֮УЩһֻҲûС
ĪǣסԽ֮̾ޣһֻǧ
֮дУн磬һ޴ĶͻأĳǰڸɽƶγɣqqһƬʲôɱԽıֶڣһ̯ѸɺԵѪ·ڰʾһĵùҵ³
Ѱ˵ˣԼĪԥƬ̣šˡͷŲͣûͣԥĲ붴֮С
ⶴڸսʱЩխűԽԽԼˮɽҲԽԽʪ
ĳֻһѵĵ°ӴʯʳͷϷˮ黬䡣
һĨȻϽĺ󾱣ʶ̧ȥ֮ˮεĴУϸͣĳ˿ߡ
෴Ӧ죬֮ʱֻӽնȥ˿Ӧϣ̧ȥֻüƽ͸ߴϿ£߾ͷһӰ£ɳɳںڰ֮Ե÷ǳˡ
ҿסѿڶĹֶ
ƷǴӶǱߵĹƬʱģȷٿ
ȫòȫ¶⣬ſһһֻ쳣Ӵ֩룬ֻΪ̫ڣͬڰΪһ壬ûеһʱ佫
֩븹̬Ҳ֮ı䣬޻ЦںڰԵù쳣ޡ
Ǵ֩ö˻֪û˵ʲôûֽһ³ü˿Ӹ䳯Χ¶
ʶὣ񵲣ʼǿնЩ˿˿ԽԽ࣬жҲԽԽٻ
ԭЩ˿̫ˣڳ֮ϣϸһ޿ײ룬նһƻƣԽնԽֹ࣬ĿֻܽһƬף˿˷һ޴ļ롣
뻹ڲϵͼ档
ĽԿ޹ǵ˿ֻܱȻһɴ
͸˿ļ϶֩˫ۣп飬Щвһ
˿Ϊᣬǹ룬ˮ֣֮֮ǰλнޣǱ˿֮УһֱĥƣߣгԻӶһΪʵв͸ʳ
˿һųϣϢزϽ󣬽ߣֻƾеԭ޹ǵ˿֮ͻȻ÷ޱȣŮ԰׵Ƥ֮µѪۣ˿֮ϣѪ£Ȼ˿ȿֺɡ
˿Ȼǳ˵ġ
ʱǾ˿һ㱻ѪȾ죬ϣҲԴԴϵسµ˿ڡ
ҵʱ̣˷
ʱƷԽ谭Ѩдеͻ
ħƴһ˿ܲ͸ļ˺һȱڣŬش΢Ĵ硣
ָ⣬͸Щ΢⡣
âĽ赲޹޿ײ˿Ǵأ
гδָ
򴺷һаħֺη

ҵ죡ڴӰ֮йעŽදĻ󰧺һʦôĽˣ
ӽ֮еĽ࣬˿ڣɫ԰ף˫۽գгǷϣһԱԸ⡣
ֻͬΪ޵лĬƬ̣ڵڽ轣
󾪣ؾ֮зȥˣ˭轣Ѳ𣿡
˭裿лﲻʧЦ֣ɴָᣬȻ򴺷裡


14 
򴺷轣˵ףô
ǺƺƵĴ磬ֻԸ΢һƣýС
ǣҲ㹻ˡ
谵ĶѨʣ׵ĵºʱҪˡ
·һƬռ䣬öҰ濪ţҰ޼ɵҰӣҰղ谭
ڴûþ֮УӳƮƮûд˿ɱһ
һᣬƮ죬ʵ˿Ѿ޹ˣǽһͬͷ˿಻Ѷõ˿ҪᣬǴҰֻº
˿һһ£ȿֺӿԭ⿴ȥȷʵǵĶ֡
ˣ󣬳ɱ˿㱻һն䣬Ӹ߿ƮƮ¡
һȴûͣԭϹ뿴ഹʶסˣ۵ڲɱشһ˿£̫ˣһѾǰ
޷赲Ҳ赲ֻؿһӴɺɫѪҺ˿ڱڵϣƳն
һ㻯ķɢڿ֮Уûһ
ҲҴңȥҲҴңֻɫҺ졣
ڵأǿƮƮһȴǺķеŶѨǽڣ˺ܾãȻǱĳ
ǱֵǮԭ¼ʱֻ˰ʯһޣǲûнġ
㽫еʱͱµһ
ƺ⣬һ̧֣طȥ˽ϵĳ
Ȼ󣬽ĽذʴһɸӣȷͻȻԼӺôһӡ
͸͸ˣĲ鲻Ըػ֮󣬽̽ⱻ̾õĶѨ
ǶѨէʮƽƽ棬һ̧ͷϿʱ̲סһ
ԭ̫֮ھ㤣ֻǶ֮ϣ౻ɳɿտǵķޱͷɱ۾Ӹµ
֮ϣС֩շתŲƺµɱ⡣
ɭΪʲôֻûˣϷɵģܵģˮεģһɾ
˵ز˾ɿһۣ뿪֮ʱ̧֣òƺܲĵسߴ֮һ
˵ʵֻһССĻţһС֩ϣһ£Ȼ䵽һһʨӿտ֮ϡ
Ǳ߳ƵʨѾȥֻʣһݵĿտǣһƤңǻⱡֽ֮ϣ˲䣬ȼ˾ҵĻ棬پѨ
ߵѨ֮⣬˿˿δӸ߿ջ¡
ˣǴꡣ
£ƮƮƺƴⱾһΪ顣
ǽŽŨ̹Եòôˡ
첻ʺһҶƬ˶нܵĲ֮±֮꣬µһƬˬ
࿴ǼҪյŨ̹ŻɽҪεɣ

֮ϣһȺϷԭйˮ֮еӵĶһģֻţƫˣһȺϷʼлҳԼĵӺͱ˵ĵӣӳɫڲɫҫӲôıһĬ
ΪɱĿ´ڣƽлڴʱ˿һǰ缦ģֻǣʿܲʱȣл뽣һ;޵ľţĺ˻ġ
ƽΨһģͽһ£л̾һ룺ҵĺͽܣﰡ
ûΪԼп˻Ƭֻ̣з̧ϵһۣʶѿڶ⡭ô£
ֻ֮ϣԭ׵׷ҸϵļƣͻȻǱһ֮ӵڶġСһģһգ۵Ĺ򣬳ڶ㼸ǧķ
ͳϵעⶼתƣֻг૵Ī˴
ǧķܲƾðİɣ
ŽӵӵĴţ˵ӦġڶϻɻȻĿ֮У˵˺仰Ϊһɱʡ
ˮ֮УԭӳһӵӣǳȺϣɱؾ֮еھŵ滢ΧһŻء
֮ǰȺϷ˵һ䡰ηǴʱ˿̣ǵĿֻˮ֮ͣһ˲ˮ֮ϵĳҲǵĿá
ˮ֮ϵĳһֱõһ֣⴦꣬ȴŨ̹·ҪڱգǸһɱʵӣʱһù֮£֣Ĵϴϵİ߰Ѫ
ܸվһҵɱϣȴޱȣƺ˼ʲô
֪ʱ˿˼Żɽ᲻εش⣬һλ̬ȳһ䣺꣬ӲС
֮ǰıˮǣһɱ£˫ȫǴŰϳĳϣ۾͸һ¥ˡ
ߣѾʼչδˣд˵ӣ֮ľ޴ȣڱذεͷ
ƣǸ÷ҡЩ˳ˣ

ڴһźڳ֮ʱһгֳˣֻƼһЦԵǵȷһ֮ɱ𣿡
׺ѵ˵׼ǽʲôҲδ֪


15 
ʲôϿļƷܾ
Ƽ仰δ䣬֮ͻȻһƨ
һ֮һʱƬ̣󱬷춯صһտ˵ķˮ
ֻԭƵ棬ʱеǩͲΪ˵յСƿڴ
һֻλСмؾ֮еĴӺķʮƶɵģؾ֮УκγԽȼƵķǱֹģսģ͵ӵרҵԣ
һһӣóλΪ
ˣһһãæȥܣ˺ˣƼҲпģһʱʧԣҲ֪һ˵ģûרҵԵ˼
ؾ֮ǰսµĵѾ¼Ӱʯ֮ˣλһ飬Ǳֱܷһˡ
ֻһ䣬еĴӰʯɵ֮ϣӳյģȻǽ붴Ѩȥọ̈̄⴫Ӱʯ¼ķǳģ׷ʲôֱֳģǶӽǶС
λϷϸۣ౻ס֮ʱЩ˻аһá鲻ԽΪһѺ轣磬նɱʣնѨ֮вٳϽסƳޡ
绯ϸ
绯ϴţ̫ˣ
һ֮֮ϣڽ֮ǵдŰ
ηη

ƼһĲ鲻Ըصȷʵмֱ¡ȻֵֻɱһֻʶѣɱһĶԣҸ߿һۡ
ѾˣѰƼ䶼ǳĬԣ֪ΪΣȴȰ̧ܡ

ǽƼһԵʣ໹淢һЩڶԵټ
뿪Ƭ֣̾һ·ˮƽʵЩҲ̶ãһ仰Ϲѷɣɵ֮޾ɱû޾ɡ
еٶȼ죬һȻɵĲӰĳޣ֮ܶǲһˣˣؾ֮пʼһϸٷ޵Ĵԡ
޻ڰؾУٶȷɿ죬һӰ˱ΪӰޡм֧Сӻ֯˹ֻӰޡɱϧȴһ
Щ˿Цõɱһ֪׽ֻã˼֦׼ҰտûнŲͽ̸ѻ֮ϸ
ʱѾؾĵ죬Ǹ¼Ķ֮
ǽŲԶĻקͲҽа෢Ǳһһ棬Ȼˡ
Ŀ֮ǱʵʵзһˣǱˣ֮ǰ޿½ȳ޺͵ޡ
ֻǴʱôΪ˾Ԫİٻޣ⣬֮ǰ˿ûкãʱµ˿ڣȾѪɫ԰ף쳣Ǳ֮֮϶һơ
һİʿվǰһۣˣǸѲƶŵĨ͵ķޡ
Ƿһ֮ǰǱӵĹӡ󣬴ʱ˿ԵţֲȻЩߵͲƽһţһţԶԶȥһԲɩת
ϢֺֻؾͼүܷһҪȻǾͺȺһȥιǶԣ
ŷһ̴ٵЦǶԵ׺ǿܲиʿȻд󷨵ĴڣҲرǶҧСӣһƤޣ޸֮ޣҪúÿ
˾Ԫɫ԰һ˲漴ҡͷʧЦ˵ٶҲãǵͼ͸ȥˣ
˭ˣ
֮ǰ㲻Ƕȥж̽ðΣսǶ˾£˵Ƕ˵ֻǾ֮ͣǸм˵ǵͼҸø˭
Ƿɫһ漴׺ǣݺ˾ԪһţڵϿЦˣؾֻ֮˲ܻĺãЩ֪ͼЩ壬ȫǹƨ
˾ԪˣⰵһŸѩϼ˪ſڵϣȳ߰ѪĿЦૣϣ˻бӦģ
˭ӦңǷƣֿ߾ָָ죬㻹ܽҲɣ
ȥˣ˲ЩԲУԼôȥᱻȾ̡
ӲϢ󣬸ôһӡ
Ƿû뵽ô£ֱ㶵Ӧأһʵ
룺Ȼ޷ֱ㣬һ㻹ǿԵġ


16 
ʱˮתԭ߸˵ˣΪ׸Ϊһ˿ƫ˵ʱһǽһɴ䣬ٴӵϼһ鲻֪ǲһؾμӿ˵µĨⷨ޵ʵʵضϡ
˾Ԫղۼһںʱѿڶӯһ˫ۡ
⿪ùϵϵԼƣѰԿϣ˼Ƭ̣һһصظջ
һսһʵô£
ôһͷˣ
˾ԪЦһһ߻ΪʱӲޱȵһ渵Ϊޣ˵صζʱֳ԰Թ֪Ա뿪ǺԼĪؾͼΪ룬ʸ˷ҵĴүؾ֮жǶ˴ѲҪȡϵĵͼ
һ׷Īģһʱʧûзҩκˡ
ԭˣˣǿ֪ΪҪιʳԣԶ谵Ļѹ⣬ʮһţҵʿʵ
Ҳ˾Ԫ̾˿ིԭίҲǸͣҪȻ֪Ļһôϸ
ԭǷүؾ֮һҪ򣬾Ͱ̾ɭ뾵Ķ֮ϣΪնศҪ֮ɱԣֻǰγ˵ûóѡ
ɫһ࣬˾ԪȰǷү۷Ϊкü棬֪ȺҪС°
ţס࿴Զ֮ϵǴͷǿãȡ
Ǳǻűˮѵģͱ͸ȳζĨѬͷĿѣֻܷءİС
кһӶƫͷһһɲˣŵûɢֻһĲ֮䣬ƫͷĶ֮ϳһѪۡ
ĸˡ
𶯡ǳ΢ƫƫһѹúܵͣںҹвŮ͸ŵĲ͡
ʱҶˣĵһǳұҪ
вԵǰһƴҡͷ
Ҳ
һѳĨȻŵﶪһ赤ҩ
ǵҩڼڸлΪӦûüӦ漴ɫҰףƴסʺҪҩ³ϧδ
ֻǵħһⵤҩΪЦ벽񲣬ʱ˳ʹƫȥʱ򻹻Цݣ˵治֣
̧ۿȥֻǽɢסޱ߷Ĵ磬ȴǱһַ̲ء
ֱͰѡǸ֡ĸֿͷ
ˣԱŵ˾Ԫˣæ䶯ǰʹ˾Ԫ͵ܣҴˣҲ̰ǶվˣҲ뽫ǵٳүʵȨƱˣҲòӰ
Ȩƣһյɢޣô찡Ҳ޿κΰ͵һ·ͬе꣬Ȱ˵λ˷Źһɣ
һѱһӣ룺⻹ݵͦͶġ
ʱ˿˵ıݣˡҪҲܼ򵥡
Ӵͳֻɫ޵Ģ
ֻֻĢһֻͨʺ죬һʰ쵹Ĺ⣬һֻǴʲôɱ̣Ģɫޣǳ۾
ֻٱ׼ĶĢĢͨɢ˵Ųʿʳ
ǣһ£ʶʵ
㲻Ҫ֪ʲôֻҪǷүˡ
Ӫ￴ɭϣҵ֣һʧ֣ҡ
û˵꣬㱻ˣѣ⺬Ц벽񲷢аӣô𣿡
ԥƬ̣ҧгݵԣ
Ӱһȳһյ뿪˾ԪԥʵĢôĹЧ
֮ǰʱɱĢ֮󷢷澰ĬƬ̣˵Ģֲ˹һ׼Ҫˡ
˾ԪЩɣܿ죬֪ʲô˼ˣӪ֮ԭܿ죬һļ͹Ц
ԭӪ֮и߸ϵŮʱ˿̣ͷɢ΢Ц߾ֱۣӪתȦ衣
ʲôɡɡ׸˸ˣһɰ壡
һ߳裬һ裬ò֡
⻹û꣬ڽпĶĢȻһ֮ʱһӰӪоֱ߳ȻǸү
棬һ־ѵӣవһã׼ὣӭϡ
ֻǷүڿյ֮ͻȻͣ翵Ĳ񷣬ͻȻҲ˹Цݣһ֣һţ棬ãؾĵһ
£ͬһ㷢ʧķ裬һʲôʮӶʮĪһתȦȺ֮пʼ裬ֻ֫е㲻Эȥ赸Ǵĳ鴤ʤڸ鶯ˡ
߿軹ݣǶĢӿȣͻȻһԼۣ¶ţһ߼䶯
࿴ȥˣ죬Ͻˣˣ


17 
ǷүȻɱĢԣ۷Ϊĵӻڣ׷쳣ĽýһһءתԾұۡںҹ֮޼ɵ裬һҹ顣
Ӫ֮ϣʼݡ׷ӣѷɡϷ롣
үϴ׼ڸ߿֮ϽһžСʶٱʱ޿̣ӷһŰ
ǷүڵϹȦ֪εʲô۷ӭȢ׸Ϸ룬ԱߵǿŴճյЦһ߻ʲôʥŮ÷һ
̶ȼֱ˱ᣬɱ̫󣬿ƺ̧֣Ϸү󲱾ɴطŵˡ
ȺΧˣûзүôõľͷʱ˿ľһĹڵϣǹ⻹᲻ϵлɫһһ̡
ʱ֮У㰲
һȺ˸ã˾Ԫԥһ£ʵҪʲô
ʲôһü˯ķүһţһ֮С
˫۱أȻ֮֮ˣүȻôϲιԣԼںòãʳ
Աţһû뵽˾˵죬ֱ첻µز£ȫƾԼ⣬ʱ˿ˣѾ˱ƣϻһСı΢飬ˣѾķԸˣǽҩʲôʱܸҰ
Ŷ˵ִӴͳһöҩҩͨɫ
һۿⵤҩȫòЩ죬ƺʲôطܿʹͷˣİοԼ񵤵òʵ޻ɡ
ҩڻһϤõЧûµƣʹһɨգ˶
굤ҩ󣬶ʱˬʱһǧѷĻᡣ
¶һЦӻͳһͨڵķŽ࣬ţɣ
Ƿͨڣܿŷƹɵ󷨣ƽӳŲİâ
һͻȻˣڣԵֵ
ã˾Ԫ龰һʶ䳤Ҫ赲һֻǷ̫죬ҲֻܿǷĿͱȥ
ȴҲæܷâѵǰʮֵַɿνӭϣΪ³䲻⹥䲻֣֪ܵԼˣҴס
ǿƽƽõһһֲ֪̲ŶôµľֻǶ̶һ棬ֱ۱һƬ飬Ƿ㱻ɳȥ
ƫƫһߴһ˹ǰɲǰɣ⣿
ɱҿɱġ
ͷƤ飬æ߶ǷǰͻȻɰǧϸϸȺڡ
ⷨؾ֮żȻõϸ⣬ķǮ޴ɣѹ׵ķʱ˿̣һƬۡ
ǷɳǶʯ
ϸɵֽǰǲϽǮζҲҴ⣬гݴΪһװعľӣϸڵĹܲ͸ص
šһ죬ϸڵأٲֱڰС
Ǻ÷ϧ㲻á漴һתֻԭڿ֮еϸ룬Ķڿתһ淽籩滨ţ׺ݳ̶ȣȻǱ֮ǰԼʹЧҪը
˶˵򲻹棬ǵʹ棬һ仨ˮӣӦǾʯͷԼĽš
ͷʵʵشһ⬣ϸ뱾ͼΪ֮ϻĳ涾涾ԼҲûнҩ
ʱ˿ֻ̣һ̱ڵϣﰧе
ҴˣŹҰɣҲˣ
һʱϣһɣ

һߺУһӯĿ⿴Աߵ˾ԪˣҪݡũߡľϷ롣
Դ˾ڴԼΪ֮ģһܡ
ֻ಻ˣ˵һ£ʵûʲôЦ벽񲣬ɽ¼ϰʯһٿŽ
ۣһԵ˾Ԫֻģһ˸ߵѪָŽһһٵö
һ룬ͷһᣬֱӱιȥˡ
һ㶼ûиһ̯һ޹˵˵˴ܹɡ
Աˣ㹻ˡ
̾Ϣ꣬ӵϼεʱ䵽һߵķ´һΪ⣬̲ס߷ħķܺãҵˡ
ֻԭѾ״̬仰ִо𣬱ˣͭһ˫ۣȪһ಻ӿѪӿļ϶㡭áü
û˵꣬¹⿴Լеĳϲȷʵһý۹Ŷ

һѪںûһ룬ֱӱͳؾ
ʿֻб״̬ſԱͳؾ˾ԼĿڣۺ찡û뵽ҵҲɱˣ


18 
ͳؾ֮˾ԪͬһһȺĹʿᵽɭľǰ档
֣ԣƽ羵ʱѾǵ峿峿չҫھ֮ϣˮĲԾ𣬸Եۼ
ѡ˾Ԫƽ羵ˮ棬ԥһ£Լ˵ɷҪҶЭ㣿
ءɴؾܾ
˾ԪЩֹ飬֪壬û˵زܣӣҪҽʵ𣿡
˵
ҴԿܱһ˴ԻҪѡ
ʱôпᣬ˾Ԫܴ뿪ˡ
ڰ½һһȺǰջڰʿȥ
ⰶ߻вٲѪһ֪Ⱥ˺ʿ֪
̿ˡɻȺΪΪôãҲʱǳӦˡ
ǶԻǴصԵʣȺʿˮôãҲûʳ
Է˼Ⱑпһ䡣
ֻӰ߼˼ʯӣеһ£ֳ̧ﶪȥ
⿴ƽƽһȴ˰˸ߵĴˣˮһʱ伦ɹ֡
ӵŵʱɽ֮ͻȻһ˲ԭвڣƽ羵ˮ汻õһмѣĦֺһΪƽ棬һֻˮӸµؿŽࡣ
ˮ岨˻ˮ֮ƯΣھвӰʮа˾Ǳͷͳȥˡ
Ƿүʱ˿ҲһǿǵûбΣˮ˵ƻѻµˡ
ɱضĢĶػӣ֪ǻּ֮ʲôΣֱۣһĳȥ죬ʲôˣүһ
ǶҲû˼һ£žһβ͸ķɣүˮУ޴ĳ徢³һѪǹʹԵɺ֮¾ѶĢĶųȥˡ
һۣö϶ɲͫʶŲ·ܣĢĶڣϰܣ°ȴʹֱͦͦس˹ȥϻŹЦݡ
Ƕһβͣڰѷүĳؾؾһ
ʱ˿̣֮䣬Ψнһһš
Ƕͨɫǰɫͷǣм仹ǶһöɫıʯֻԵûޱȡ
Ѱ˼˶ɵñķ㡣
ȻѰˣƬ̣ɵƤߣ
ʵڲͬСǸƤ̫߳ƣһԪ档
ǶһЩԣͷһŭ
Եһ߹һβ߻ɣߵҲаħ·ӣƽɻһ㣬仰׵֮衣
࣬һҪ˺飬Դͷ֮ޣ
ǶˮڣˮγһϣƵǹ롣
գ齱Ҳ֪ףʱͷʹָ
Ƕ̫񣬽ͻƣֻǲˮĻ֮µۣˮӿϣ
ڹôôﰵ
ΣյĻֹϣǶˮɼˮڿн֯вͻᱻᴩ֮ˮӿɵлһʱ䣬⾵֮Ͽ
һˮնˮϻһѪۡ
̧ȥѪЩ£ղ뵱ȥͲôһ㡣
ͷǶԣǹˮ֣ȥֻʱ⡣
ѵûʲô
Ŀĳһ㣬ͷ
ǶѪٴϮʱ򣬽಻ܣὣӭϡ
Զ̽һʵԭء
࣬⣿

Ӱ֮⣬󿴵ļǣʱ౻ɣ͵һӣʦڸʲôô벻ֱֱ壿
л￴Ҳֽţ̾˿Ҳ֮٣¸룬ʦýĥ˶޼£ֻգһûг·ˡ
Ȼ⿴ȥ
֮ϣԽͬԶ֮ʱһƬȻǶ̾ؾô꣬ô׾ܽ˵ġ
˵һˣֱǰдϡ
Ȼˣɼΰ̾һ䡣
ͬԾôãҲǲˣֻǿϧ⡣
ˡΪѧСֿʼ˸ˣһԶҲһһؾǺεȵ緢Ҳǵ¡

֮ϣһȺϷ̲ס飬ɽתпһ;Ĳ˳һʱ֮Ͼ֮
ʱ˿̣һָˣʵãѰ·ѣ˸С
ʣǽƼ䣬ָֻĦʣ۵׾ﲻм
üͷ΢壬ԻδŵӣαҪ࣬һԶ£ҲʵĵһƼ㡭
Żû˵֮꣬ͻȻһ֮Ƴѹؿڣ֮ϣһʱ
ֻĵ˵λ˼һûأôŸ˼ֽǮ
Ϊ˻Ӧĵˮ֮ϣһʱƱá
ǱʤȯյĶɫһ䣬һҡͷ­ԣˮ֮Ͼһ黨ƴҪʲô
Ƭ֮ҵس鴤һ£ͷ­֮͹һ鲻壬ֻһХճͷ­ھ֮°߰Ѫꡣ
֮£ֻ൹᳤棬ɢͷ­֮ϡ
ݲ԰ףȾѪ߰ߣȻǸվһս
һھΥʿȻǶԣֿʵ磬Ƕûˢˣ


19 
ԱشԻҲϡãֻѾɥʧ룬ֻſڵϹӲд裬䷢һʵĵ۽ǻһβĵᡣ
ɶ࣡
ϧûа취
һ㣬Ծ޴Ȼأ޴켤ּ޷ɢ
Աؾ֮еһޣ֮̾˴֪Ҳ٣һЩ֮˼˲㷢˴˴״
һλźɫۣԺһβԭϱЪϢվһսϻȾѪ߰ߣԶ죬˫ۣĳüȻôͽǶɱˣ
ϰԶЩϧ̾˿ȥ֪˭ô죬ӵĵһΣˣ
ô˵ȴһν顣
ؾһǣͬԼıԼȺɱ̧ۣԶһ䣺ҿ˭ô죬Ƕ滹ûһ͸ꡱˣ
ʱ˿ؾ죬һ˵ǳǰޣĬǵٶ֣Ϊʱ˿̴һϸˢķֶˢˣҲʱһЩպ沢Ķˣʧܱͳؾ֮Ҳ˴š
Щû뵽ô죬ϾͰԸˣֻ̾ĸпǲ¡
̾Ҳһʱʧֱͳؾǰ
Ͼ֮ʱһʱʧֱͳȥˣȥǸ˳콵еĽԶּ֮⣬󲿷˶ֻ޵ʮ⣬ԭΪ磬ؾ֮лһɲȫ޳Ϊˢֵ
޳ΪǡӵļǿߵĥʯЩƾ֮ǰһʱ˻̱սؾ֮еˣ޳о̭һվ󣬻øˣؾ֮ʵϵǿߡ
֮˻޳֮ŻսգԸðŲҪķգҲҪͬɱΪбһķӱǩ
Ͼؾǰʮ֮Ĵ֮ӵſѡΪʦȨֻҪרҵԿڣʮҲˣÿ޳еɱΪң̭ȥֻռһ֣ʿ浶ǹԾ֮м˱̭ȥġ

֮ϣԽƶͷ­һֹ
֮ǰҿ϶ύڳޣϾǿؾ֮һĶ԰һֻƾһɱһ䡰δϣΪ
ԭΪЩ̫ˡ
ʱ˿̣ƼɫԵѿޱȣһָڽ֮ϣֱϱԵü
ղŽɱԵΪǰž졣
λϷʱ˿̴ùͷһʱ䣬һʱ˼ΪεĳĬ
λϷʾ⣺˭һˣ
ҷ׷׿ţſһ㿪ڡ
ֻЦһΣѾɱ˶ԣǲø߿һۣ
λϷһ£Ŀ˴ʾ⡣
ڽƼǰĺĺʿʿ
л²֪ӺδһɫĢ֮ģһ߰Ģһʵ
ƼɫʱѿҪҧһһٵСѣ޳ûؾһͬ˵
ӲӲ
棬ûƼӲ
˵λϷʶ̧ۿ֮ϵΪСķѾһǰ޹˺Ҳߵ¸߶ȣȵڶһλ
ϾնؾǰʮޣҲǺ
ֳʼټ֮޳Խ˵ֻҪ־Уһǰ϶顣
леĢѾ޼ɵһŹ⣬Ц̾һӲ찡
δ䣬Ƽ䳤һʰ磬л£лǸɢɢˣûͷһ㡣
ðΣֻ˽ƼһۣһۣһջС
ʦû̹𣬴֮ϲҪ׸˰ν
֪뵽ʲôƼջسˣСʦ塣

ؾ֮ڣɱһֻؾʮޣ˽һĵϵӣսҲܵλϷĿһĽ̫ڱ̬Ŀⶼȥˡ
֮һѶ˼֮ϣȻдţؾһ
Ѷ棬һŽӰճȾѪɱԡ
ͬһʱ䣬˽࣬ؾ֮е˶յѶ
֮ϣУüͷƼ㣿
ƼƽͣϲŭؾһѶȶѣ˾ͱ̭ؾһδҲ̫Щ


20 
δҲ̫Щ
һʱ䣬֮λΪƼ仰˸ΪεĳĬ
Ȼ֪Ƽ˳֮⣬Ի·һʮ棬һЩ̵µĹΪ
оס룺λĪǺͽƼʲôڣҪȻΪʲôô˼ҡ
ֳͻʹļ׵غ峤Ͻ㲻֪֪ҪȻΪʲôй繷ѪŰİ϶һĲ찡Ů϶еɶ󲡣ⱾּŰǧٱ飬Ҵԭ֮ڻ治٣ԵӺãԱ˵ĵӺãΨŮȻ˻ⱭʹĿƣֱף
࿴С˵ʱ߼ûǱһע˾͡žһºܿزµİˣȥ磡
̫𣿡ڸߴлظһ齪Ƽ仰ЦЦ漴ָ̧֣мһ΢ã
ֻ˵ҵǾؾǰʮҲ̫Щ
ؾ֮УԭǵһӰ˼־һȺˣͻȻһյ˾ӰһſȫޱȵĴͷգηűźá

ؾߴǵǺؾвμĵͬġ
յѶϢĵһ˲䣬ҲˣȺַʲô裬ʦʲôΪʲôҪôԣ
һӰһӣΪ֪ǵһû֪˭ǵڶڶ㣬Ҳҡ
̬˵ֻ̰Ҫ̭˵һҾǵһؾ֮оͻݱһڽĴɱ˵޳ˢˣһ¶ͷ˷־Ƿİ׷ɱȫûһ顣
һԵĽлҲüʵЩ̫׵ҲӦһͬʣӦֻһˡ
쳣齭࣬૵üüĺü
һԷſշķδҲҡҡͷһ䣺ʧʡ
һ룬ʣ¾Ÿ˵ӰҲ֮ϣ˿ؾǰʮֻǲ֪Ϊӳ٣
ʮ˵ӵ֮ŴѶлһ£ĵֻʦһ˵ģ汻ǿаѺŸҲӽȥˡ
󾪣Īλ
Ŀ໥ʾ⣬Ȼ԰һͷ
û
Ϊʲôÿ궼ؾеһĵӹȥҡҡͷ̾Ϣȥʦֱڴ֮ϺˣԼȥֲҲԸȥ廪
Ҳ֪ʦֲôл
ʦ˽ĺõδɫЩŹ֣ĵʦֲòԵú˯úãЩֲ˴ù˭˭ֲͷһ롣
ƫƫûа취ֻһȺʦʦֲΪһԡ

ؾ֮Уնɱԣ֮˻û֮⣬һö
ͨԲףĹ󣬾黹Ҫ֡
֣㻯âѳһĹȥۼ
һһɵķâ壬ů֮еʱҲǰδеĳ棬죬ڵﴦ㼯
ʿ鸮ʱ˿̽ڵ鸮֮УһѩɫӰγɡ
ǿҪᵤˡ
ؾ˷˴㼯γһУǸлԽԽơ
üĿȫ˴ָľ֮С
һؾһһĿսûб浶ǹĶԾʿΪķˣοսĥʿľ
һµһ㼯̶ˮɢȥľˮ֮Ͻһ
֮УʱΨвľȾ˪ƶ֮ϣϢ
һʿΪ̾ĵطû©ӿԼ
ǵܺãֻڰ߽ʵɫ˫ĿգһҪͻƵס
Ϥ˸еǸؾĵһ
û
ǲͻƣǸϽ̭ˣ

һȺĦȭƣԾԾԣͻȻ˫ۣһȺԽԽʶ
ʱһȺȺϸˣǱΪãֱ޳һˣ˿ܽؾĵһնڵ£жˬˣ
Ȼһ룬Ǿͱĵһš
ʿеףɱǿһʿᵤܶз˼ˣȺ˺ش൤׵
೤̾һȰĹ
˵˱Ⱥôֱӱһ콵壡


21 
ǵ״ڣڵ׻û֮ǰ˳ֵ׼ȫγһϡ
ˣҲǵһʵ
ʵĹ˵תףһʦŶᰲű׷ͱ׷ΪƾڵӲŵױǼΪѵһ£ȻһЩ޳⣬˼ȫԱУⵤ״壬Ȼܺͨʿͬն
϶ûЩ׵ķԭΪƶ
ǵһ£Ⱥɢӣȴ罹̿ͷ籬ը𻨣һǺ˹С𳵣û˵ͱͳؾ
ǲ״Ҫڴʮ²ܺá
Ⱥֻ˵Ǳⵤ׵ģܵ׽ֻ˵й֮޲ͱһˬһ·𻨴磬ͷҲһΪ
౻ڵأʱ˿̣δ룬ִƼ
壬ʿ֫ٺϤЩףΪ۸ĵףգһЩʮĵףӲʩ޹֮󣬱ųڡ
鸮֮ϣ׽ٵĴ𽥱ʵ׭̳һǳǳĵǵƳ֣鸮֮γһСУƴǵʵ塣
Ʒֵ֮ģֽƷĹؼϵĵơ
ͬתһ㣬ҲоŵѰʿʵߵϵģһ㶼Ǵŵ콾
ŶԽᵤһԼĵؾˣɵƵҪձСŸࡣ
൱Ȼûнᵤĵؾʱ˿æڵĵףû˽̵赼ڵĵףֻȫ̽ܣȻԼ
ڴˣʮ־ȣΪǱ׼׽ķӡ
æ׵磬֮ϵĵƣȫ赼ڽ֮ϵĵƶɡ
಻֮ϵĵƻҲǷˮ𣬽తԽң֮ϵĵ׻ƵԽ졣
ͬڰؾɵĹؾصĵƣ֮ϵĵƣƯַѭͣһҰԵ
֮ϣ
ڰ˵֮ǰ֮ϵĵƣѾ˰˵ھŵƣҲһӰ

˴ʱؾߴԪӤ޲µķ󷨣˲õⵤ׽ٵĲ
ԶǸ׵СӰ¶̣ʦãӦܰȥⵤװɣ
ҲУɶɽ壬һ޻ڡлȻѡ˲ƾӲ׽٣Ҫʧܵ׼
ʧеãǰĹ׽ٴ壬Ȼ㲻ͬͨʿͬն
֮ϣгϢˮ֮ϵ
ƾǿж׽٣Ǵ׽·ӣ
һ𣿡
ͷ޶ôˣ
ֻнĽ޲ϲ𣿡

Ŷɽٵ룬֮ԽĶɽ٣
Ƽͷ񷣬һݺ
ʱ˿̴Ͼ˼λϷʼȻںͽĽ˭ѧ֮ϡ
λڼѩ򣬺ųơãѩ˼ͷµӽ԰³ڽ˽һһޣͨһ˵˶Ǿ
λɴޣ羰һ߱಻ĺɳ̲⣬ɽ֪γسǣǡʿǰһҪȥʮط֮һˣµһٺСտ⣬ҲһΪΡ
ȻƼ佪ڷ֮λļʮ廪彣޷˺ܴơ
ߣжԲߣн޿ھƫԸ廪壬ˣڣ޷ֲʮ֮УУֲֵصԶʦΪԶʦֲͨĸĲһϵֲžѧÿŴ֮лѹ壬ȡһ
г̾ԶСӽ޴ûȥЩаĶںο౻ҡƽѹһͷ
ӵ˵ڶǿɶ
ǲаǺͰĿѧ֣ǸСŵĶžѧԶʿ̿УȻ˾޴ȵӣҲֲܹŵӵ
ţתѾβ֮þõĳĬǱ֮ǰˣ쳹һԾڽ¶һԼ
׾أԢžŹһһףѰһ
ɹһףǽʿɲǹһպΪԴ
ʱ˿ѾǾƣߣ±ǱңڵĽǷɿתؾԲʮӲǱȡһ
һˣ濴ȥǵ׳׵ھ֮ƺƴЯɽϺϮҪССʿɡ
֮䣬СһֻҿԺοˡ
һὣֱָ񷣬ӭһס
֮󣬳ɢȥֻһһԭأܱһֱʮ׵Ĵӡ
ͣɡ
֮ϵĵƣһʣβЯɭȻķࡣ
֮ɢȥء

ؾ֮УϰԶһȺǱ׷ɱһܣһ߱һʹ죬һ䣺ڱ׷ɱڶɽ٣治ƽ
Ҳ֪ΪΣȺ˼ͷһΧﻹŲ֪ʲô
Ȼ˧ۣϰԶ̾


22 
ǵµ˲䣬ؾ֮м˲С
ʿظͻƣ콵¸Ϊ͸
ָأͨԪӤڵʿɽ٣һ𵤣콵أֱδš
ػëëϸ꣬꣬ưö£ؾ֮ʿޣܵͷ
һֻ֣øسˢԼָ⣬ס̾һسϳ꣬ɳҲƬ̵ĸأʦ꣬Сʱ
Ҳ֪ʲôļνлҲп
ʿڣΪÿһףͼΪѣҪʿŬʮֿ̿࣬ҪԵ
ΪԵϹϡ伮ΪԵʿҵҵΪôʿԵɺ֮£ϹŴؾ䴫УΪͻͽһҹ֮Уһһĵ
ƺĳֵ⣬л֮⣬濴񷣬ʱܲҰããƽԭϡ׹˸
лĳ֮ľ磬Ҳ׳ƵĶ
Խ޴Ƚ֮лΪԪӤڲôд֮á
޴֮ϣԶ겻׵ȱϯл˺ųƿηѪķҡʥ·ٻغ֮俪˷ܡ
ˣҲͰˣƫƫ·շ˷ʱĵ˵һ䣺ڵĽޣҲˡ
ˣĸ֣лħҹλ֮ʱѡ
Ǵʱ˿̣ǳõħããҰ֮ϣһɨӰ١
ǧܼΣ
ʿУˮۣˡ
лﳤһ̧˳֮õĽʣ｣âɷ˹һĽġ
񳯳ɽ䡣
֮ϣһֵ׵硣

ɵڴ֮ϣ±ļΪˬָ֮ϸСĵ˸ͷҲԭƽƽڳֱ˲ͬըͷ
콵£һ޸ĲƲ֮ڣԭݽߵ鸮ӯ
һ־˵ٶ޸
Ƭ֮󣬽ڴӵϼѵһԼ׽ٵĳɹ
ԭ԰ָȾһӨףɫǳȴһֿУִӵϼһʯ
һûôʯ㻯ϸķ۳ŷƮƮķ
һԥһ£ȻִӵһԴһЩʯͷԼؿҹ
ֻһ죬ʯΪмһʹҲûС
סпһ;ֲ˹֮ǰһƽƽĶԪլȻҲؿʯˡ
ӵԼ鸮֮ö𵤣ͨɳѩɫֻǽ֮ϣ鲼˷··һ֦оŵβЯ·֮ϣϸ׹˸
ʿ鸮֮ڣԻɵղһȥĶɽ٣ڵѾڿݽߣʣ±һ㣬ۿſҪˡ
˳ǣ֮ϣ֮ϣҲһ⡣
ʱ˿̵ĵ֮Уһ·𻨴磬ǳĿš
໹ûۣ֮ϣ׹˸֮ǰǸΪƺƴ
ǰɣﰵⶼһ飬Ҫһ鰡
׵粻ǳǳ֮ϵһ｣˰ɣɡ

֮ϣһȺϷɹɹ֮󣬷׷׳һ
࿴Ϊ츳Ļʮа˾űδ콾δٹ⡣
ĵĹһȺڲ½˼ƣ
룬϶Ǿŵƣڵ콾ûеڰ˵ģ
гϽΪʵһŮƾ޿ŵ̸ף˵Ͳˣ
ƨڵʿܺͨʿͬնŵǾŵΪһϸ磬ͽһʣŴɤŵ
ûշΪ޵һУ׽ٴ壬֪һ޵ĺӣסϲһĺֵܣʱҲǷǳ

֮ϣһֵĳ£ؾ֮ϣһֵľס
ǣгʧе
ͻˣ

Ŀ׷׿ţϹһ˿ǳЦǳ⣬ƫﻹСͽóȻͻƣôҼЦˡ
Ǵݵ̬ĵ޴ڵҫ
ֱһȺϷԼȺͽͽ޲ðѻȥһ١
ôˣΪ߷壬׼ɺ绽꣬˴֮ʱʲôʱ䱦Եʿ׽ƲǺЩܷ׷תʱԼͽܡ
ʱԼͽܣԵԼ͵ںͽзҲǰһ
ЩּĳϣԼͽʵڲѾʱԼͽʱԼͽͽ
һλܣʹʱȵķͽͽھ޴ѹ콾ýס
λܣһ̬°̸䶼ԣ֪ͽͽǾ޴ȵĵһβ
װˣӾҪҫ
ɴ˿ɼһõǶôҪ

ֲ֮ϣϤǰһƵʿ̧ۡ
ֲӲԶɳĮи˹ģ˵ǿټѵĻҲԴ
иԶʱλʦۺִֵʦ֣һԵģ
һͻ㡰ɶɶħģ
ƺǲһһʶԶؾΣ̾˿ͻˣҪȻⱲﶼⲻȥ
ؾϿգͻȻյһѶ
ǸĺɫͷԶԼҽˮ
ôˣδпɫŹ֣ʵ
ʦҽˮҪ
ʵһ󣬵Զ˾ԵΪŹ֡
ûǸղݣδʵֻһµֲڣ


23 
Ҫ˵Զʦֲֲֶµԣȫǿ˲֪˲ġ
ʦ޷ϵҽţ˵ǵ޽٢޷ʲô֢ȲȥʱŵĳϺʦʦ㣬ȥֲһʦ֣ʦֵָ֮԰޵Ĳסҿ˵ҩ
˵ʦֻ֮ͨĿѧӽһɫͻŶӽѹء
ǰӽҪôǺҪôǰʦֹѣȥСϤѧ޷ʵ飬ͻҽ⡣
֮ʦҹдģ֪ҽ߽ޡ֮ϣ˵ٳͷ޶˵·ĵ죬ű㲻ԶɳϵӹԻѧϰʵǡ͵ʦ
ʦ޷ĳɾ͹ڽĳɾͱ˺ˣԶ뵽ѹλϵҽţŸ֮Уɿ԰Ⱥ۵Ľš
ʦ֣Ψһȱ㣬ֲֲϣиЪʦֲˡһʣƫƫʦֲаϾҲ졣
Ҷʲôˣ绹ִͳֲ
ʦݱֲƷֲֵ֮󣬵óһۡҲУЩֲ̫ˡ
ǺʦְĶ֣ĿŵЩ쳣ǿҼ᲻ɴݵֲ֮ϡ
˵ǽղݣʦĽ˹ģ˵˪̴ѩޣʹֱѩҲɿǿн֮ҲΪ޵ľգײơ
ʦĶˣʦжˣʦ־עݡ
ʦַѾţ֮кѴӽظһղݣ߲Ϥղ£ȥĿ˵¿ɼֲ¶Ϊ֮㵹Ȼղݻˣĸɴ䣬쳣һӶԸʦ
ʦֱʹĺɽղ˵ھŰٰʮϤдĹ־廳Сݵȥ
žͱҪдʹʦһޣΪһޣʦָŸһǿ־Ѿֲֲϵ˾ŰٰʮΣʦּţһһԣ
δжԴ˵۾ǣ񰡣ʲôʱŹЩ޹ССݰ

֮ϣлڶɽ٣׽֮УħþʿԲעУھ֮¡
ħþʿΪߣǻüΪգлħãеħþ쳣
þ֮Ул·ֻص˾޴ǸĿ̨֮ϣҡʥӺ½𽣣ǸԼߵķ˷·ܽ˻ɡ
Ľ˸ǷȻһ
µһз·һݣԼƴȫȻܣȻƮƮ˵һ䣺ڵĽޣҲˡ
ļǵã仰˵֮ʱ˵Ц
Ŀ˴̶
֮гϷԼʦŶȰοҪϣǷ˷һΪ׵ĶֻڷҡϵӵĴ˵֮Уû뵽һҡʥٳҲ޿κΣ١
ЩȰοһ䣺㣬ȥԶͺˡ
仰ĳ̶ֳ˵ħ
һޣɻľǶԼĲΡ
񣬷˷ߣԶ񷣴Ϊħþܹһˡ
ûеһڵ¶һ仰ʮӶʮ
лνһݣ죬ǴϸǾúء
õķ˷һֽķһ㣬ƮƮػΪС
ħþҲ֮ɢ̧˸ὣӭϡ

Ȼùȣ뵽
׽ؾ֮н䣬ؾǸСռ䣬׽ٴĶǱɱķŴһɽٱرһĩһЧ
ƵƵ̶УӦΪ޳ոԵƲɵ
ⱾǸˢֵնɽ٣ĳӦûʹΪһҵս֮ʱ
ΪǸùȣһеĽȻͬ
ؾҲһЩؾ֮̾õޣؾʵһӣʲôװ
һЩϳ׽Ϊޣַ֮ŽؾؾѹƣҲˡ
ЩˣҲǻӽģؾ֮ڶ࣬׾ͻӽһЩ˲õƷ֡
಻ɣȺӽ˲õһֻ
Ϊλ޵ĸĸһֻǷޣһֻ׵ޣ඼棬ΪǵĸĸȫһԽֵǾֻ޹Ϊˣ׵ƣֻ۾Էųҫ۵ĵ⣬֮Իء
¶һ˫нֻΪĸⳡ𣬶ͻ볤ʱߡ
ͨһ˵Ǻĵҳʱ
Դ󲿷ʱؾЩӶలµģ׵磬ֻŵ޴˯֮лˡ
һ϶ҪŬһףǱлʦţȻϾ˼
˽࣬ձһؿʯһתͿһֻյĴ
ûüνͿֻ˫Ŀʮˡ
󾪣ҿʲôˣ


24 
Ҳֽ󾪣ʵȷʵѰֵ֪
׵һεޣȴһεޣ͵·׵޳þһֻ׵ӣ̳ĸѪͳܷҲܵ磬˵ʮȫܡ
˶ɵˣ룬޴ƮƮǸʲô֡
׵ӣ㵱Ƥ
гĳֻ֮׵ӣȻó󣬿ڽƽĳǰɱȴʮ־ˡ
һն⣬Ϳɽת˲֮仯Ϊɻң𻯷֮٣·һʯͷɽֽɵļɽ
ʲô˵ɱ˵һֲɯۣ֮˭˭
޿ֱܲ׵۾ĶйⲨǽ಻С
⶯йⲨʱģǹһ㲻ϵɨ䣬˶ˡ
ϾʮƣΪϲߣѡѾп
ֻ׵ȴô׾ͷŹ࣬һڽõۿ硣
кüأ㱻۷ųĶйⲨ
ؾ֮Уһ׷ӣѷɵϷ룡
ٶѾǳĿˣ죬ֻ׵ӽٶҲܿ죬ķŵ磬෽Բʮ֮ڣ۸ӵĵ֣Բעᱻ͸
ƶʲôʱ׷ͷ̤ɽһ֮յĸѶȺշӭһ⣬ţһϮ
Ƿ׵Ӽֱǲһ˵ʵдգҪôŵ磬ҪôŸס
Խܣ׷Խ˷ܣԽ㡣
һһ֮˵ɽƬײɽɽˮˮŽӹһƬվķͣӦһ˰ɣͷһòûӷɽϵȥ
Ƿ۵ȫȻֱֱɽ֮˺һ޴ĻڣйⲨӭ泯ɹýͷǣƱںӻˣֻ۾Էŵ磬Ҳʼŵ磬ͬܲ͸ϣ˷ذΧ
ⶫĴؾ֮пѧ𣬵Ȼѧľǽά
Ҳˣ㲻ǰ׷׷׷׷ϣڽˣеģ
ǺؾϿգһһӣǣ磬׷Ǹһ㣬ؾŰ֮һƬǽ塣

ؾϿգлɽ˳һһ۴Ӱ󷨣ɵˣ⡭ʲô׷ʦܣ
ŵ磬ܵĻɿ죡
ԭһ㿴δпһۣҲˣôԵһ㣬š

ҫͽܾǼҳҫӣһͷ־ҫûûˣһȺ˵ķ׷׸ƵƵͷǻ޶ȵ̡
ҡͷԵؿʼ˵δлһСܲͷлΪʱ֮յһλͽδеļӼѶ
ͽнֻ࣬ҪҰʦʲô޷Ϊͽһ߶δǰһոгһʧѾõķҴѶ̽һ̫ڷʦû취һƵص㿪˴Ѷ
һüһ壬ؾ֮г˵ӽ˵ޣ
ƼպһڲˮЦһˣҿðɣ
ѶиӰڰ֮ϣλϷһ⿰ȳӢ۵ĿƻôƬ
⡭Ϊ
ܲ͸磬ɱˣޣôؾаûУ
֮ȷʵˣѣ

ſţгϻƫˣ
ôô죬ʲô𣿡
ȷʵڣٶȾԪӤʿδţ
ϷҪһ
һλϣλһޣΪ֪ݣе츳̾޷ɽȵĵһšɽųƷɽһֻӰˣ
һ˹ؼ⣬ţҪҪؾͣ
ʵ̫ףЩķΧͣҲǺ
ҲģֻҲԥȻףЩ˵δһõʽ
һĳЩõףžĵرӭͶ֮ӳ⣬ʱǸġ
˵ЩϷţҲѳʲô¡
⣬㿪ڣֻƼһȿڵ޳ؾ֮Уǿ˵һΣôɾͿͣԱĵ˵Ƿ̫ƽ
һڣλϷȾˣͽƼԸʲôʱؾ˵Ĺƽôģ
ˮ֮ϣϢػһǶȣֳǸеĵùʿ
Ǳˣǽ࣡
ô㣿仰ӦгϷ
ؾʿڶ࣬һЩΪľž֮ʵǺЩϷӡģΪ˴ؾĶЩУӡ󣬲ӡ൱̡
ߴЦһڵò̫ƽѵΪ
Ϊ˻Ӧ仰һһԼŵֻ׵ӣ۵糸سһɹȥ
Ũ̹޵˻Ǵ˴޳ڵأˢֵĺʱؾ֮оʿ
һٶ·һشڽƼϣ׵ӣһ˵ʱͣ˵ƽƽȴһ㻹ʲô˵
һ΢ΣȻպʧΪһõɣʿܽͷ޻ɱԻöķλΣ
ȷʵգʿ˵ޱѣ˵ɱˣҲǺλϷ׷׳ǡ
Ҳڴ֪λ֮ܽ⿴Ʋһ޻ɱ

֮ЩϷȷʵˣҲȷʵǴֽˣȻùȱ¡
޵һںŵͺɵ˿ԿƵĺ
࿴ǰɽ޺֮ʱѾˣһһ߾ȫ󺰣ǰ˿ܡе磡
쳹޳Ͽա
ԶԶʵǺܽͷԣе磬ʲô磿
̧ͷһֻ֮ϣһһãڣһըͷʿ
ٶȼ죬ɳһӰ
ǵ˸ܲ͸Ҫǣ֮˵Ƿɳʯݲɽըɽˮըˮ
һһ֮дУ·ڵ裬ƫƫٶȷɿ졣
˾ˣ滹е磬һЩþյʿ׷ѡѾɢ·
мʿԥһ£᲻ǰޣѡһŻ
һԥ׵ӿɲǣһ޲״Щʿ˵ˣֱӱͳؾûһ¡
Ҳҿǿţûһôֻڣͷ˱ըͷʱһðźһ߱˴˶ӡ
ȫãԼš
඼һ£ⶫôôף


25 
㿴Ǽͨ쳹صĵ⣬к͵յĻҳ
һĩվ󣬿ֲķΧ˼ֱ޷
ÿһ⣬ౣعһԪӤ۷ʿȫһˮƽؾЩ֮п˵ȫȫĽάױ׵硣
Ƿ׵ӿǰɽ޺һ
֮˷ŵ֮⣬󲿷ʱ䶼ڳ֮жɹһӼ޼ȲǰЩͷࡣ
˵ĳ̶ֳϽʵһ֡
ϢĵӭĲǸҵĹ
˾ȵĿǽ޵еޣ󿴿ҿһôȫ֮ľٶ
һ֮Ȼ󣬻סԼ
һߵһߴӳ϶֮зֻС۾⿴
˵еɬӣΪ̫󣬳̫С¿ȥʮֲײ࣬ʵ۵һ
֪ܿңҲ֪֪ܿҡ
һʱ֮䣬ؾϿĳֹĺƽ֮С
ʿǷ׷ͣԼ·Ĳ˴Ŀӡ
ڣһʲô
һüĵôãûˣ
ֻǶݵͣսһʿ̽Եĳֻ޶һ֮󣬾˲䷢ת
һɷ͵ķ󣬷ڿС󣬻Ϊɰǧ֧С
֮ʢ籩꣬Ļ
дƶŵǸ׵ӵĺġ
·Ϊ˸ŶƷǮ
ѹ׵ĶóˣԿҶֻ׵ǶôʹҪٽǶôϡ
Ǻܿϧޱķ俴ȥڣڷ׵ӵıȴԵòʹһⶼûͻơ
·ֻһֻƮƮҧһڡ
ۣȴܷ
΢ʹ˲׵Ӵ״̬еųɱ¾ıԡ
췢һŭУ͸Ʋ㣬þòϢ
Σյֱý༸һ˲˲ԣʶѿڶãܣ
ȴ̫ˡ
ֻĿĽ֮
۷ųĵ˽һµĵ׵⻡˷ɢ
ҲͰˣԽܵǣ޵ؿҲһԲףص紥һ㳯趯һʱҪ˶
⡭ⶫȻᳬģ
ʿͣڰ֮Уһע㱻ⴥץס˵ˣ㱻ͳؾ
ٶ֮죬ҽûһ
·ɱӺʣµʿ󲿷Ѿˣ
⵽ʲô
Ӳڻܴ𣿡

ĻõģʿѾڱͷʹˣأ裬ؼң̫£Ҳˣ
һʱ䣬ʿԼܣܷɵƴɣܵƴܣ֮мѵĴУͼ޵ħצ

ϰԶѵشӵ
üƴһҪץͣϰԶ֪Լƿ˵ĵڶˡ
һԼһ䣬Сүô˧˶˵һǵģûˣ
Ҳ֪һ˭
ţȻͿһȺѾӳԼܹ
ϰԶһ֮ǰΧӰͣϰԶһӦЩ˾ץģҲʵôɵ̫ˣ
һץһ֪˧һؾ˵ĵڶҲôץҰɣ
ܿ죬֪ԼˣһףǳȺӵ˾ʱͣͣġ
ˣȺ˻һֺܹ
ֹϰԶһʱûףʱ˿̣Ӷǣ˶ܣҲܣҺ˧
ܿ죬Ƿ׵ӵ¡
ˣǿɵӵġ
µĵ⣬ܲ͸ĵǷĴӣ˭˭ɵӺòã
ȵȣΪʲôɣŵ磿
ϰԶֻڵ´˺̵ܶһʱ䣬֮췭ظȫʶӡ
УڰзɵʲôǸ𣬻һ

ˣǷ׵ʲôһ
ôˣôޣ˵Ӧòٴ˰ɣ
ǣܷʵܹǸС
Ƿ׵ӲǴһգ׷š
ǳüνͼ˶˦ܿ죬總֮һ㱻ϣܶܲ
Ϊ֪ΪαΪ׵ӣȴˮ֮Уһʱ䣬׷˴
Ѹ壬ǽ֮
ѴΪ
Ѽͣһˣ

ࣿ
˿ˣһֱ׷Ҳŵ
Ҫܣˣ׵Ӳġ
еñʧָѶʵսϰ֮£ԷɽĲ˵һǧȡͻͽĽ
ɽʱ˿ʹָ׾ٱŲͣͣɾͷɣڵ֮ԽԽˮ
ңôĽ֮£Ҳ׵ӵһ⡣
ǵ绡ֻڷ׵ӵȫһ׵ϸܲ͸صסˣײɽ׵ӵ
һ󵨵ͷ˽Ժ֮УĪǣµ磿
춼Ϊ˻Ӧһ绡ǽǶȹڵ꣬ͻ谭ɽˮԽ׵ϣһǳǳ˰̣ðŵ̡
ˣԭ㻹µ硣
ˣʲô׿ͻӵڹǣʵ
ͷϿգлɽѾӽβɢڽͷϿγһƬ׺ȥƺƴ󣬻ĳϡ
׵Ļһûİɣ


26 
ͷ֮漴Ұһ賤һơ
ΪԼ뷨һĵţҲǲУ
ҽϸһ飬治ûпɲԡ
µĵط治ҲԶȻߣŬŬҲǲܹ
׻˵úãж󵨣ж
仰ߣѾΪƻһ߰˰˵ķ
նһйⲨ׵⻡ĲһǳǳѪۡ
Ѫ֮ϣɢŵʹС
ˣԼӣһǸݵĹϵ

Ϊؾ󷨵Ĵڣӵ粻ٸͷ׻
һ죬ƷôãѾȫˡ
ŵĲ´Ьģ˺֮ԼһҪӵɫһơ
ˣӦǿãʲɵɵĳ״һԳȥ
ȥ׿ǻ
࿴ŲԶһͺϹһΪŹֵЦݡ

ϰԶ׺׵ӵĲԶ׵ʵǽнԶϰԶ˺ΪʢһҪĿһ׵ӵ֮µݡ
ո̫Զû
һ·Уߵ㹻ˣϰԶڿˣΪʧ
Ϊģôôȫ׳֪
Уǵù˭ôһ׷ţ
ϰԶţͻȻдһЦ
ᱡһɵЦ
ϰԶһüǱ׷ôãھʧˣ

֮ϣλϿ޲ã֮ࡣ
һλ̾һ̵޾ôãҲ㲻ˡ
һλϸ͵ûȷʵΪѲ
峤ϴֺݺһ·֣һ죺ؾôˣûκһֻӣ
ٶȽüβ㱻޵׹·һֻҡҡ׹ķݡ
һٱ׼ľģԵǱ
޼ˣ׷ˣٶȽӿ졣
һһ׷Ҹϣڣ޴ġ
񣬻ݻƣֻǴʱ׹ơ
޵׹⼸Ҫĺģڴʱ䷢
Ṵһ´ǣڵʱˡ
⻰˵ɲ꣬Ȼ˻ֱһʱ˲ԡ
ΣգµΣգ
ȴѾˡ
ֻһĺˮ콣ڿնƽ¥
ˮ̬ͨӵأϽͷͬ
ˮܵ磬һ˲䣬ٲһк¡
ܣˮ쳣£У߾ȫҲ޷ѳ
׵֮ŵȼ֣׵֮Եòֵһᣬһ㱡ĴֽХı磬һ¶ԣͱ˺顣
ȫȫĽάһ㣬׵ӵס
׵еƶвʱҵİҲɢһζŨҵĽζ
ˮˮ˺֮
ֻأĹ˭
ںԶİУԹһЩ
úã룬໽С

лɹһף׽ٴҲ
һûһ´˴ζɽٵĵãֻɢȥףһӿٶԽԽ졣
л
ؾʲô˲õҪͻ
ȥֻһصˮ֮ϵ׺ͬһ
֮䣬γһıջ
ԴԴϵ֮ͣеƣԽԽҵơ
֮УһͨڵĶ趯Ϊ̫лֱ治ʲôֻԼԼ
׵һһ㣬׵𽥳лá
ڵóһۣؾ˲ãҲܳ죡

֮ϣλϷһĳĬ
ת̫죬̫ڲ£ЩϷɳĬˡ
ЩϷ֪Ӧһһ浶ǹŶԡ
ЩʿǸʿ
Ǻôƾճֽ׵磿
ˮϸ߿գ˲õ

ɴڽפڴˣܳ긲Żڴ̨绹ûγɸͷ㱻ֱӶɱҡ֮С
ˣЩų̂Ҳ
гϼ̨磬̨һ·𻨴磬̫ףһʱҲóȻڱϡ
Ƿ׵ǳ¥ڰһһ£һһ£˲֪ãĲ鲻Ը
ŻܣɤӵΣҲ㱻ɱҽ޷λ飿
ûС
ϸˣ޶Ե˵̫ˡ

֮ϣĸ
һ𣬡С
߲ǱˣǽƼ䡣
ɫ糣ɱ޽ñ˶ɽٵ֮ɣҾã̫׵
ңʿɽ֮Ϊãһʿ֪ʲô˵ĵķ
ǽڴˣ޲ýΪ̨۵γɡĺݺĵϡ
ʲôǿѧ


27 
ϧ˲ڣҪȻǻᵱͽƼ
ƨĬɷɷûסΪѡһ֡
Ƽһٶרҵ޿̣Ȼ˾⸱Ŀ˺ֱײĵС
һ޵󷨣һ޵˸̣
϶ǲ̡
ԭһȻԵõͻȻ˴һţĽţ˭˭˾˵
սģֱ˵ĨǵġЦһֵʵڿ󷨣ǲ˻ɡ
Ҫ󷨵˺ȥˣźͽƼ
żüͷһ壬Ȼְ񣬱һϵľȻӳۿ֮ľ֮ܿĵжԡ
ŰһãʼĵȰ˵ֱ˵ÿڸϾҪһӡ
λΪܵصһͷΪѵغͽˡ
ŲһԼͷϵĺ̾˿
ĵڣǺƽڵһأ
ֺƽûг̫ãǻϽ񫣬ֻһӸߴĵ˵ˮ׾ô˾ûȡɵķأ
ѲɷҪǿ˼浶ǹı취ܶӣ˵ϳһζ˴ܹ죿
һԼȳԾ
һЩͷĳϷӶһ仰㡣
ĻħСʦ壬˶ôмֱ̾Ϊֹ
Ƽɫ̫ãһСʦȻô˵Ǿ˰ɡ
˵Ĳ鲻Ը·˽ĲϽͷ
ִһãǼȻˣ޵ķ㾡ɡ
£гʶس֮ȥ
ֻԭ֮ϣķѾڵڶ
Ϊ޳ϾǸˢͷβˢûʲôϵһ˼ͷ׵ҲӦ
Ͼ˵ùû취οһùȡ
ǸСֲʲԸλڵڶЩί
ͷıˣǱˣǸ࣬ؾ֮˵ڿҿҾҵҵɱھŵʮޣ޳ˢķҲǴʷ¸ߡ
ճ˵һĵһ˵Ӧ̽ȡ
ǣһ뽭ķһ˲ǣ֮ѽ೬ȥˣػؾһı
ķƫУñȽһ֡
֮ϣƼһȥ
ʱؾѾһѳɶ֣޷ı䡣
֪ԵʵĳϷ̾˿ĵһ
һǸԶڴ֮ϺͽƼһԲϵˣһ䡰ԸȥֲֵҲԸȥ廪ԡ
һ仰˵ýƼɨأ²̨
ƽﶼˣƼмֱ棬ټƽһԣż׷ԣֻҪ̫֣Ҳһֻ۱һֻۡ
ƼһƷңǽţһһ·˳˳ˮƽº绽ˣȻûܹ
仰ö֮һĲһ콪ҳһ࣬츳ˣʦ֮ǰгǰǷ԰£շһ
ҴкܳӻС֦ڡ
ҲǾ֮ͣƼͷȻһ״Ʋһý̿һЩȡؾͷ
ԶǾ仰ʼ̾ߣں
ؾĵһ廪壬ȥֲֵأɺͳ
ԶǸ޷޻˵ƫƫһ۲۵Ľޡ
һޣúȥֵأ㻹ֲ
ԶʹֲȻҲãԶƫӽ÷ˮ𣬸þ־ҽץֶӲȾŽȵһı
Ǹ϶ǱˣǽƼͽܡ
ཻ֮֯£Ƽˡ
ۿŽƼõĲϧɱһ࣬ԶķˣΪΪԶ
ⲻ΢Ƽ׵ˣǸɴڽƼ׵֮ϱļ
֮֮ϵͽ䣬һЩһң뵱Զµ·գƣʮа˾һײĳ

ۿǵ׵֮Ųһգɴȥá
һˡ
ôɣȷʵڶĵĳɷ֡
ͽֽˮƾоٵ߿֮ϣı£̫ʵˮû׵ıߣʮа˾žͻľˡ
ǽиŵ㣬ڶԡ
Ͼѧ޾ģ
Ťˮγһ̨ۣһ̨γɵٶȿƾˣһһ硣
Ӵһš
ǣˣĿֻȥ죬вɣеˡ
ԭܼ򵥣û˸̨ô
̨ؾ֮һ·߸ͽת˲֮Ѿɳأһ·׵У˵ǴݿƲɵ
ڸ߿֮ϴһ֮УӵĻ֮꣬鲻Խطе
ǰԭ׼Ҳͣ˹㶵վԭأƺҲ޷԰Ρ
ǵܿɹ̺ĳֵ⣬նֱǶؾ֮ͣʿĳּν
һӸ߿մ
ؾλͨ󷨴ؾ뿪ؾͣߺԸ
һ룬ʮؾ˷
൹뿪̨ô죿
һ룬ڸ߿֮ĳϷ»ȥһƿƮƮģԭŰŵ̨һ֮󣬼˲ɢԭء
һʣµƷɢؾɽɽˮƽˮԭؾб׵Ӻñشĸľ괺˲Ϣָ֮ԭ״
ˮ沨羵֮ǰһжûз
ԶԶȥһ֮ɽǳڴ
Ҳ֪ǲĴ֮λǲǰһۣǶؾɵƻΪ
ӣѵЩ˼
Ͼͽ̨ȷʵЩס


28 
ʮֲؾ˷һϸͬݵʱע⵽ݵıԵĵ̳Ծŵ״ԢŶЩʿһףԸ
Ͼ磬˺ʿȷʵһǵ
ݣԶؾ˷ɢȥϼֻ֣һо֮Уʮư磬ܹŷ·ӿ֮һƬ֡
̤ʮԸܵϿշת
ʮĴ󷨣
иϳ󷨣ʧе
Ҳ˾ȣ󷨶˵Ǵڴ˵֮еĶ˵컨׹ڣʵ޼ֱϲʤ޲ſڵϸϸ۲죬κɽ˺ֻա
һߴϸϸ󷨣һдʵ˵ʮسɳߣһαҪķʯ칻һĻˡ
Ļ£ʮ󷢳һ
֮ϣϵ·һ㱻ǡ
һ룬һ󾪺˷ʮһ
һƬޣĿ֮ؾеĿҰ
ǽʮΨһӡһ룬˱˴֮ϡ
һһأһһ֮䣬⻹Ҫ졣
΢˫ۣ֪ΪΣʮͼԺ֮л֮ȥɫ·ƺѭĳص趯
ָоһ˲ĳִ
˴֮ϣְ֮ǰվãؾһ뿼飬Щ˵ĸֱͻͽ
йڼҳϵʿڴ֮ϿʼѪڵĽݡ
У޺ͽΪ
ʱ˿̣Գ⼸ȵĸ룬˻վ۷ſգһȻ顣
౾ϰԭԺһͨʶĿ񣬿ýζ֮ʱ
ؾһǲף֪ܲ˳ͨ
˭أΪƾ޳ˢ֣˭뵽ͻȻôһŵޣˣ
ڵĿˣһһѣȥһ㣬֪ܲ˳ͨ

һԹһȺ˿ʼתؾۣ
˵ؾĵһ˭ҿ˵кü˲õˣ
˭ȻǽҵĽ๫Ӱ
Ҽǵãм֮ϣ๫λе
ߣû๫޳еӢ۷˲ô˵๫Ӣ䣬֮ǰ๫޳жԮ֣ҹҪ޿еظ첲

˼ֱǽ๫ӵĿȷۣȫڷشʺƨ⽪๫Ӵеޣ·һͻԭضɽٷ
ңܻȣ˼ǣǰȫǿֻнཪʵؾһӼֱݡ
˵ֵʱ򣬽۾
ԭܼ򵥣ԭӡ󣬲ӡ˵Ƿǳ̣ϾΪߡ߹ԱûٸŮ°ʹýǣһˣ֪ΪʲôرϲߵǷǸ˴С棬ǸŮС档
㽪ѩŮųŶǴģŮȶŮһٳ
࿴ԭĿʱҪӶǣⶼ̣ⲻȥ˺
ŮȻûУȻ˵ŮǸ־ǿԸ񣬵ǽûŮһһԩ֡
һǷĵҾǸ๫ӣҲͲˡ
Ҳͣˡ
󵨷һڣһƬĬƬ̣ʶ뽭ԶһЩ
˵һеڶ
ʱ˵Ĵһ£Ӳ̫ʹԼѪϡ
һܱճһƬհס
⾰󣬷·ʲôȼױΣƷƵġ
ǸԲзۿ·ڿһä֪ཪ˭
Ȼ֪һ¶СУشСһ֣һ洫ס
ͷƺ⣬Ȼˣ㻹ҶԽ๫ӳԲѷ
ûгԲѷƵģȴˣֻ˵ʵѡ
˵ʵѣ˿࣬·һףһһǿ
㣿ܻʶҪνû֣㱻һѲߵĳֹˡ
֮Ͻֹ˽ҳ
ȳԲѷҽ͡ԭҫ˴ʱ˿̴ͷ
ĵҼˡû˵ֱ꣬ӱֹˣȻ£Ҫнܳͷľ㿴ԱλСﶼҪеĶ࣡
ֻһߵĽ࣬ͷɥһԲգһϤĻڹģ
ЩͬһϣģиʮֺڣһǾҪͽûžȰЩϻô
ʱ˿̺ͽһ𱻳ﵽ̨֮ϣ˷վȥƬֻ̺˽
ʲôˣúõôˣ
˵ǴܣϽֹ˽ץˡ
Ϊʲôģ
˵Ϊ࣬Ǹ޶ԽԲѷŮ޶ԽమĽãά鼱֮±㶯֡
İ汾޶Խమð
ʲôã˶Դװˣ

Դķɿ죬һʹԽԽס
ģ˿޵ԽԽŹ֡
һĿվסˣĴ࣬ιǽͰȶԽ๫ӳԲѷģ
˺ü˿˲ԣȥ
ûʲôϤĻڹʲôɫգըͷڸ֮£Ŀİõ˯Ŵ


29 
˯ú㣬ҲרעɢһֳȻѸУķڲˡ
ȴƷˣʱ˿̺޲þŽӴô˯ŵģ
ؾʣ֮඼ڽŵڴţȻҲ⣬ڴ֮ͥ°㲻ûһΪļ㻹˯˯ô㣿
̫ˣŽ࣬ʱ˿̶ǸƱըͷޱƽҧҧھóɱιǶ˵Ľүôôѵż𣿡
仰ԽȷʵôһɱԺۣѿڶʲôôһ˴ĽżŶ԰ɣ
ҡɢɢһǷ֮ǰǸĽүô࣬ǸУ
˵ƮƮӦԼ˵ԼƷˣǲԼڲ֮أ
࿴ٿһɵӣ죬ΣƮƮȻأ
ܲԼһƷɣ˭ƷƷ
̫ڲԣͼοһ
һԽԽ׵ķԣ˽⵽Ŀǰ˺ͽм̶ĶסСֱţ˼ε
룬ˣ뽪ôܼסˡȻǸһֳֳ׵ǡ
仰ڽдģˣѹյһݣһˣڸ̨֮ϣۡһ¾Ϳ޳ˣ˭뱻ôסýүΪҵĽסңҲŲ뱻Ϊ¼ס
ΪͷԵܣһ뵽ΪֹԱүӡɥ޵һѱһᣬҪȥ
ԽԽԣѹֵ̫ãʱһеƾ˵˳ĸţĸͷ߶û׾Ȣң֪𣿡ϹĳֲҵЦݣ£ұһܵܡ
ĸɴȻţµ䱦ΪӣȻȨûУ
Խ˵Խѹ֪嶼û˽̣ԼҵҰ·ʿѧġ
˵˵ţתƵ˽ϣƮϣҴС󣬵һμүˣôĹ£ôĴȱǿɱֻջؽʱôºţҡڽүϣҷ·𿴵ҵĸף
ྪˣǣֵܣôأ
ԼеĽүǼ˶ٲ߱˾˶֡
ţûеĽүʵûôáԭжԽ˵дҪһαԭ£һʼҲǶʦֳ㽣ΪºͣȻȴûмӣʦʦܶʱشһһĺ
ʲôʱʼأһоҪŮᵤʼΪһЩ⣬ŮȽᵤȻֻ죬ý˴º͵ʦֱΪ񶾵Сˣֶ伫
ЩˣûвʱһһĺãвʱʮʮĻ
࣬ˡ
ΪԲз۵ˣʼԼķڴҵҲ׼ô˵үһһĺˣ
ɢɢһǷɲɡ
һĺӾᣬλִϾ͹ˣЩŹ֣Ƕ˿̾˿Щ̵ǵùִȺ˶ˣץ˵ͣһ˳һȥ̨Ϸ˼һ¡
˵Ƿ˼ʵɱӺӣõȺŵʿأԺ
Ŀ֮µķ˼ǰʦ֮ǰģδʦµĸӡҪ̫
ҧҧһ۽࣬ѿڵȥɣϾȰνģ
û˵꣬ͱˣɣȶһȥ˼Թվ𣡡
һİʦô죿
ҰͲµӡ󻵣һ˶ΪͽһԼ棬ŰڣֱҪ̫ˬ
λǴеڶߵ̨ӣѾĿˣߵһ㣬ǲһ㡣
վߴʲôᵱһɽСһɾӸµ֮⣡
˵Ƿ˼ȥŹ棬һڹ̬
죬СȻɼãʵǸͷǽ²Ҫ̫Ҳᳵ·ֻձƣԼӣʮɡ
ʼŹ棬һʼһĻڹһ룬Ϳʼˡ
ŹôôҪ£
ǽԽѹԽСûע⣬ұû˯ǿʼö֮İãһһΣһһŹ㱻ˡ
һԵִȻҲ㣬Ȼûзʲôԣʵò֪ʲôԴ˵ģ
˵ͷֻϿҵԲҲӦԼܴ˴ܡ
Ϊ˱ʾԼĻڹ֮ģּһ䣺ʿҪľǿƣ
£ʱһƬȻ
ģûôģ
ϰԶΪƣ˵úã
ȻһϤ쳹֮ת˲ָֻһӰڿл֡
ֻ֮ϣÿͨ˵ӵֶýʹճչҫ£ԵǷ
ÿӣε۹ⶢǸӣѰԼ֣Ƿ·ڿһ̹ͨ;
֮УһϹӵ£ڵͽ䣬ڿʼˡ


30 
ԭĬ֮һ˲ʣԽʹյĽӲޱȵ֣⻪ʵĴ֮ƺ
ֻһһζһ룬Ϊλһȥ֣һ֣һֻֻɫĺڴϿ衣
ĩβǸֿʼζϣÿɳȥһֻɫһĳϱǸӵ֡
ޣӺ㣡
ɴޣߣ

ÿһ֣¾ͻᰲһ˲󱬷һҵڴϿջصòϢ
˻ϲ˳ÿյӵ޵ģÿһֳζʣͨ˵ļһɡ
΢ѾˣɫϲɫɷףţˣԼĪǰһˣ֪ȥƷˣҲ˷һꡣ
ôôѿϴ˵ڶأκò׹ǹأֵ·ϡ
ⶫʹؾ֮ƴƴҲǸȥһԶܣƽԺͳʵڹܲżŵϣ͹۵ôôĥԣһøſˣԣ϶˵ν˭֪˼һֱӿţһʣ˼ؾɶҲûɣӲݺŪ£һ˯˿죬֪Ӳĵرһֺܵö顭
λϸ˵ҧгݣ˶ֲѧŷʵʹޣһһƬ͸̾
һһֽԱߵɫԽԽҵ촽ɷףһţˣˡ
౾һԷ״ʵôˣ
̾ؾܹ֮ɱʮֻޣɼҲǿܹûҵΣҰ˳ǹˡ
⼸̲ҲþˡǱҪڵģҸղ˵ڿ˲ĵӣڣȥŵ۵ӣȻЩɵҲЩۻôÿҲʯãҲܲˡ
û˵꣬һŽӸ߿£ͩޣ
ǵµһ˲䣬˴ԭأʯһ㣬ȫֻܶؿβɽ˺ɹһֲɼΡ
ɫ£⣬󻯳һɫͼӡֱ֮ϡ
öӡȻڵڻա׺
ãֻߣҡҿˣ
̵۽ǻ䣬˵أĿˣ
ܿȥʶӵһ㷢Լĵϲ֮飬еĿ⿴ࡣ
࿴Ϣһգӱһ
⣬ҡͷԵϲ񣬡ҿˣû
أһгϢģһŬΪһʿģ

֮ϣһΪ¼ȡǺʿжҲͶ·֮ˡ
ڿ޹ˣͿڵϣغͶһ壬ԺһβһıݿΣȴһɴһС
ͷҲû̧ʵˣ
ɫһ죬Ͱ͵ţ޿ޡˡ
ʱѾǰ֮һλã֮ϵҲ˴룬ʣµˣҪôѾ¼ȡģҪôǶԼΪŵ֮ӣǲķҪһʿ
ڽǸβʿޡ֣ûסЦһж᲻ᵯһˣö˶˵ؿʲô
һӣϰԶǺˣôˣǲˣôػضӮ
࿴ͻȻģܵѹƵĿ֡
ԽԽǰ֮ϣҲԽԽ٣һټһѾһ룬ͽ֮ʱγĶԱȡ
ֱ֮ɿտյģһνı飬ԹԵͷ塣
ȵɢ֮ʱ
ŽЩֹô˵ҲǺֵ̲ͬ꣬סСڰοǸûͨҲؾ֮ʶһˣŴ㿼ʮ˴ΣȻߵһأٿһο϶ûģ
ࣺ
̧ͷɻʵΪʲôҪٿһΣһ£ֵҾҵˮƽںص⡣
ˣĵǲ̫ܵأֱӷˣ
ӷɿתվԼʱ˿Ӧð缦ٳԴ̼ࡣ
֮ϲ֪Ӻδһ֮Ȼҫ۵Ľ⣬ǽ֮֮ǰֱ֣Ҫ˵۾Ϲ
һ˽
ҪʲôβǶ𣿡
ƣʲô˲õĴ𣿡
òλҪɣ
̵֪޶һۣмʲôǸùؾ˵ǰʮˣÿ꾻ЩڵĻӣ
ô˵ȴ͸һʺеŨŨ⡣
ԭܼ򵥣ΪβƫУǵʮһ
һԽңҷ׷ײ²һ˭
Ҫҿһǽཪүү޳ǽһӢޱȰ
䣬һ󸽺Ҳʶĵͷ
ûүģ
Ҳ˲ԸԷүȻôΪʲôм乫εʱֻһ
һڶƾǽҵƾʲôҽүȣǽү̫ɹȳ¿һȦֲмǵһڶô֮Ϊʲô˵ӰӣͷԵ󱲰ˣ
һԶĽ࣬ӭˬ٣̲סžӦúͽү䣡
ͷըͷڵĽࣺ
ؾбΧӰȥòϰԶ
ʣ㻹ˣ
Զһ£ӭĽٳ¶ŵ裬ܵ˴һĨǳЦˣؾ֮ڶ֮࣬
һλŻɫĳԴߴƺĳĿ֮Ҷʶذ
λϢƽͣէһһ洦ɼѰߣע⣬̽ȥʶţ뺣ʧӰ١
һλǳĴܣĵԼλôԽԽеĽ̵Σ
³ϳºһЦϷڵִ
ҽһ̨µλӵһ鲻Խһɾ⡣
λϽӦ۵ףǺһЦλЩûʲô£һϷǼġ
˴ίУؾ˵ǰʮ
һչ㣬һʼ㱻ʮչ¶ǰ
ֻһ˳Ĭˣ
ⶼЩʲô
ǰ֣Ϊ֡
ġ
ǽ࣬Ŀƣһڵλá
һ㣬һСŶö֮̾ڴˣķƫУñȽ߳һ֡
λһȺħ֮УԵСָ롣


31 
⼸˶ʲôģؾСӹҼʲô־ʲô֣
ؾô꣬ǰʮִ඼ǱׯϣϰʿõԼıоԼ̫һ㲻̫ģؼԼļԼзµһ۵ĺӡ
磺XXXXXXX
֮ܶڹ֮ϵǰʮ֣Ϊʽ
ǣĿ⿴λε⡣
֪Ǵ˴ؾ˵ǰģ֪ΪǱϹֵҵأ
λϼе֣Цһһĵӵе˼һ죬ü춼ûôĵˣ

ԶؾڴһԵĻղضһ
һ˵ģ˭ȻԶʦְ
һһؾؾҪɱ޲ɼֲԶǷ֮ؾ֮Ҫд衣
ؾǰɽµ̯ϸ㵽һؾᣬһ㶼·ʦʦƷģЩյķҪһͼϸ
Ѱ˵õĿǺЩǸϿãñˡ
ⶫ˵Ҳʦģʳʱ̯ʵ̫࣬ڳԻϧģϣܱܿΣգ˳ͨˡ
ԶõСһȷʵ
ڱǸղᣬʦֵİɱ̯ףԸؾ֮аղӵǰ˳ͷβÿһǸ˵ͷϻһ棬ؾ˵ֻѡ
˰֮ʵڲ⣬ȥʦΪζӶʹº֣ȴΨŹ
ʦֵʱæĸĲ˼õŶ˵Ǹʱ˼û˳ִǱ˺ҳֽ
ǵģûҳñʦ˺
ܴ뿪ˡ
ֻʦһ˸ԭغĸһã

ǽԿ֮ϵ֮ɫֱ֮࣬ϱֻȴǿһ¶ŵĹɣһǳЦ
⸱ӣ˼˵Ҫһ١
ֻǽ֪Ĵʱ˿̷ǳĲƽ
һ֮·λε
ǱߺܶҲͼ˸ʰ·磬ͱһ֡
ƽƽһ֣ڽ࿴һϣһ¡
С㱻̵ҪһΪ˵Ĳпᣬ޴Ȳʿô࣬Ǹӡر̣˭ǵõڶ˭ҿڶഫĽǵһˡ
΢˫ۣ·ֻص죬Լڴ֮ϡ
廪С꣬˿紵ббڣļͷ͸Щ΢⡣
廪λ廪ߴɽ紩ӹھ׶ֺ
ڴ֮ϣѾдʱˣϥڵĺɽ͸ǵĺϥ潻ӵĵطһ·ӣȴһԡ
֮ϣƼһ£һƾɵؼһ˹öûз
һǸĸ֮ԽƼ䡪λ˲֪ٱ壬ȴͶء
ԭܼ򵥣ҷǽ̵ѧĵӣ󶼰ѽƼλɹΪѧϰĿ꣬ÿնҪ
Щÿѧһ׽Уϱһ˵꽪ѧ׽еʱΣȺСӻĻԶأ
ˣÿ¼廹ЩӶھжԽƼ佣׵ĵչʾᣬиߣ廪Ʒһ£Ƿͽͼ
СǱĬ֮£౾ѾǸƼͶصԲзˣƽһһжƼ俿£ħһʱ䣬ȲԼô뽪ô
˵ΪͽʱȻƽϲֻԸʵ֣ǵȥҲǸԸ
գгϴȥ廪ݼ֮ϣȥֻһ˾Ĭع˿һʱ
ϥһƬʹ飬ȴĻȣ
һǽԼĿ飬ضȥ̸ͽܣ
ֹã˶ڵϹˣǰ˻þƼԸߴĵһ䣬Ҫ£Ǳ̿һЩؾͷɣ
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ĵĬĬظһ仰ؾͷԼʧˣֳķʽʧܵġ
Լýʧˡ
һʱ䣬ͷ֯޲õνл
αѾԼͷŶͭǽڡ
ԱȰοүعһؾͶѲ⣬ү޳еӢĿõģţŴͬǸһһ
ûؾ˱ƫ࣬浶ǹĴ˭֪¹˭أ
Ǿǣϸǽүı£

ǹһĨȻЦ⣬۵Ī⣬˵ƯλΪҲƽؾѶλѼȻҸߣǱҳɫ
˱ˣֻǡ΢΢˫ۣ۵ȻɱһԺлᣬҶҪλֽһģ
㿴䶼˴棬߷ȱΧ˵̨֮̾λϣ̲ס¶Щ΢ɫ
಻һǸԩ֣ҪΪ̷ⷬԹƵģ
㿴˼⻰˵ģôԵǻ۰
ⷬݵˣ޲õΪֱ۴callһǽүҲ˵٣֮
ǺǡЦһǲǻҪ˵Ľ簡
۹ϰԶ˲ЦԭأһЦһ߶϶һҪһĵһ˭Ҳ̫ùˣһûڶ⣡
ͷȫõڶˣһʵڲ֮⣬ûһһ飡
ϰԶ֮ǰԼȻμؾˣһҪõһҪȻڰһˡ
ãҲܺãҲ֣ʡñôģ
ĸӣһԩԶ߽ǰ档
ϰԶЦˣƺʲôһ䣺ˣһû㣬ŵһ
ۿһǰʮʣµļ֣ܸоǼֶķ񰡣
ľһһڴɱʮǰ䣬ǰ飬治ɣ¾Ǹùĵһ
ϰԶһɴ˫۵û´һӦɱǸ˰ɣ
Ƽ֮ǰؾ֮г˽֮ⶼһ౾˵Ӱ
Ӱ֮ɢȾѪɱԣɫһؾĲ԰ף͸һɺȻ߽ķ֮һ۱ۡ
ϰԶȻҲյӰʱһ۱ԺŲм͵ϮΧ±˵¡
ֻǴʱϰԶӰϸϸغͽһԱȡ
Ӱ֮ĽඥŲͬըͷڣӡ
һ˲䣬ϰԶضʲô
ЦԼЦòҪ̫ȥ㡭ͷôģ
ˡĿɣƺ͸׵һǷǷǣĵùĻᰤģ


32 
ϰԶĬˣΣͼοһ½࣬ʱڳʮȽǱգ³ΪеĹµįУ⡭ţڰ˳ɡ
л㼪ԡһ䡣
үͷˣ˲ػعζ
ȵȣȻүǵڶǵһȥˣ
ң˵һǵ͵Ҳûһ㶯
ǰʮгõԼıǱյţԵʮָ롣
ȻýһǳģȴʮֵĿǰ˵ˡ
ڻÿؾ˵ǰʮѡʦȨÿʱһȺŷ·Ŀȸһ㣬رԼڰʦ֮ǰʦһӡñܾ
Ͼţ඼۸ڶĸ֮ǿϵʦ𣬽ǿԺ绽Ĵܡ
ݵʱ̣ⱣֳĬ缦涼û¶
ڻ³ǰǰվãŽʹ
Եĺܴ
ǻ³ĿɨӴڽϰԶǰͣƬ̣ɤӵ˴ؾǰʮϽ̨ȥĴ֮ϣ
˵ǰʮʵǶ˵á
ϰԶ࣬࿴ϰԶ
ࣺȣ
ϰԶæҡͷȰɣ˿
ǵֵʱжж಻һʱ˿˾жôǫãôĶò
ұزܵһȥ˵ԭ򣬽ϰԶһϷ
һһͷһԵʯ̨֮˽ɫأţһٴеɫ
ղžһվ˭˭ȥ
ʱ˿̣˵֮϶ǧ޲Ƭֳ̱һʤ
һһֹôôסôˣôڹһûг

ڸʲôϴ
һȪߣЪӺͿȣ۾ȫעϴ
ǰһֻͨëɵĦҮ˫Ŀ΢գˮйʽӾһʮܵ顣
ؾһɱЪıޣҲֻŵĦҮΪʱսͨԡѪѩëȾϵۻ֮
Ъؾ֮гϴΪ뿪ؾڴæֻա
ڴ֮ϣ޿ռ֮ڵĦҮһڣǩ˱ԼЪһ˲ԺյһѶϢ࣬Ҫϴ裡
ʱؾ˶Ȱ㣬ЪһˣǸأ
ﻹûӦѾŹ֮ˡ
ؾʲôүںүҪҵĹϴ裡
ʹ֮Ъһ˼Ȫӱȫĵسϴҵ֮С
ϴǽһȫĵͶ룡
Ъϴϴ÷ǳңȸȫ׵Ļ֮Ъаʦ¡
һɵˡ
⣬ôȥôã
ˣݿݵ̾˿𹷣Ѿķ񱼡
һһʪܵģڷҡ

֮ϣλ֮ϵһ͸ˮصӳ
гϲ⣬ڸʲôôϽ̨
һԣϽˮĽǶȡ
ֻˮ֮ϣĳֺܸһΪÿһСʾһ˵Ӱ
λϷȥӣȫע㿴ҿ㣬սǳңһʱֲ֮һʤ
һһֻ׹ʪܵģ񱼣ģ
ˣи֮
ؾԴܣǸһΪͬʱĵش˴
λģһȻһ潲ЦΪ˱ƶԼƹ
ǲ£
Ǹ֪Ϊʲô˴Źһ·񱼵ģһһ߽еףְִˣְֵȻͷְٸĨë࣡
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ˣи֮˵Ǽ֮ɣ
ЦЦȥݶҪ𣬡һӣ̫˼ˣ
Ŀ⿴࣬ԽԽ˳ۣԽԽԼ⡣
֮ǰ֮սΪͽɸǼϲ޲õ˹մȥ
ĬȤܴͽܵҪ
һ䣬Ǹޣһһ̾˿
ôˣ޾ͲܴͽҲǸޣķˮ𣡡޳Է
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֮ǰؾ֮׽ٴ壬·ҽշ£ҶҪΪ״ӵģշΪĺֵܣȻҲʾ
ͺ¿µô࣬ҪͬͽܣһƷͬշС
շ֮ǰǸޣʦ·޵һţųڵ£޷Ҹлɱһͨһ˵ֻܣ
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ݱʦţȻȻɽɷתǰһֻսһȭ׳С
ԣͺ¿ĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳûд
С˵ͷշЦһҵӶôˣ˵¶ˣҪһŵͽܣ£
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ţ˵е㵱ͷȵζټ֮ǰҵȻħֵģȻôһĻλϷֻһƬͷסһ¡
ʨȷʵ鴫
ʯ֮£ϣɹ̫䲻شһ磬һĵ˭߶ң
λУһʰ޲õֱֳַһʤ

һƬ֮У޷һƬ⾻ֻ޷峤Ϸˮ֮Ъ񱼵ӰһĳȻǿǹˡ
Σ޷һ䣺⹷Ư
ԶԶԣ治㿴ëôûͿë̫࣬ˣ

һȺˣĸ޷԰Ρ
޷޽ΪȫԱɣͬʮȫԱèɵγĶԱȡ
Ƽ俴ˣüһ䣺ͳ
ͽʽȺӸϷ޷ܡ
һ̾˿ܻһЩϵ飬ôΡ
ҲһȺӰ
֮ϣ˳ܣ˿ڵȻӳҶйδ

ߣںϰԶֳʤˡ
ջ֣ˣ
ϰԶģˣ
ʱ˽Цģ
ȻЦȷʵôһĺЦϰԶϡ


33 
Ըķ䶮ΪһЦţཫЦרҵģһϰԶ˵ֵ
ϰԶƬ̣ȻȻ˽̨
ȥ̨֮ǰ¶˿εݣʮüĿ忡鲻֪ΪЩ㨣˿˱鲻Խϧ֮顣
֮ϵãӦ˵ǷǳϤϾڳкܶؾпǴϰԶһٿ׷ֱӰ׷Ӱ
;ǸؾӰ֮УϰԶڵڶλá
³ϼϰԶһӦЦеʣǸ㰡
ϰԶû뵽һУΪվϽ̨ˣһ޷״С
Ͼ֮ͥ½ԼҪĿϴ˭ܶס
ϰԶȫΪ˺棬Լ˵жڣʱǷ˺üɻ
Ҳû뵽ôʵϣԼ߰ԭⲻдϡ
˼Ҳл˵˭֪ǱĲ÷Ҫôһְ
Ŀ֮£ϰԶһ΢˫ۣһǸ
СһܺͳϱֵͨѶԼ̶Ƚ͵С
ϡǺǡһЦȻŶԭ
Ψ²ҵذϰԶָһ顣
Ļ£֮˷ĿȫͶ䵽ϰԶϣҪ˴һѡ
ϰԶû뵽˵Ϊϲ𣬼ֺڵٳһħɱ
Ͻ̨ʱѾߵģѾƮˡ
ǽ̨߸ˣ龰ʶغϰԶһβԶҲľ롣
ʣأôֻһǸһԿֲ´һԼʲô
³ΪִܶͬӶǶµһߣױǵѨ
ʲôµò
ధ̾һšͷһͷҲһ뷨ӲͷƤ׼Ŀׯ
߹ȥ֮ǰһ㡾ְԼԲз۵ͱ˴شཪӵ̧ۣʶʵҪȥ
һֱԴʺƨϰԶͽ˵ʲôһ仰ûһƥʺСڲʺƨ浱۳ҿ񱼲֪ϦϦ
һѲ뿪ȥˣ
ʹͣѿڶĲʺƨơĪǰ·֪˭˲ʶ֮ĵĻ
Ͻ࿴ɵһ¿ۣУ
ǣˣãúõģô˰
˵ӰнԶƴҽС
Щ죬ʶ̧֮ϣΪС֣ƫУλеһ
ȷʵֵѱ
ǣɵˣ⡭ؾһߣ
ȺĿһ·ǰϰԶضڽ̨ϻȦȦȺ޴̧࣬ͷһ׼Ŀֵģ
ֻ౳ȺֱͦĿᶨһʯײƵ̬
΢ָǳĵĲ
û£లοԼһظԼԶ㴫ڸԼݽؾ㲻Ҫ£Ͱѵµȫɴܲײˣ˭㿴ͶȥֻҪ㲻εľǱˡ
ʱ֮ϣڱ˵ӽӦλƼڴˣһѵõʢᡣ
ڽȺӢͣܲ󿪻ᡣ
һߣһ̨⼸ܲ˸š
һ·ϣǶŽ˶ĿݺݵػӻȥȻ׷ɫһ죬
Ǳʹſֵ̬˭֪ô̹ʣ²̨ԼЩС˼еݡ
Խ̹ԽԵ޵ݡ
һ·һƬܲײ˵أ֮ǰһƬ֣Ծ
ԭʵ̫̹ˣһͬըͷڣһؾбǷ׵ӵ˵ģ
ȴһɶصʣ鲻ԽΪۣ֮ʶΪ֮á
˲ֶ֪罻ţ֢
Ȼǽҧǿװġ
ߵ̨ǰĿбӣλ۳ϣγܲãֻ˵֣ˡ
Ҽ
۳ϼˣЩŪ˼һסͦһӣôôģ
ûʽΣľֹѾˣǵһǵ֮һ֮ѹڶĵһ
˵ͷһȥɡ
ⲻѧϰԶһĵźΪʲôôɾͷŹ֮ǰΪʲôŹҰ
ϰԶǼҪ˵Ŀ⣬޹
ϾϷȫݼ
£Ǳ֮һůĻ⣬أΪһֻɵĽɫ
ֻ֮ǰ֮ϷκһֻҪ
֮ǰĺ֮ŽһֻȴǶһ޶ġ
һֻΪĺ
֮½ĿѣԵ⣬ڽĵļͷ΢΢ƫӣһ̬
ʶظһֻƺΪ˻ӦһԼĳȻһڽüġ
ü֮Ȼһöɫβӡ
ǣʶ۳ϡ
ҲĿºͣƾ֤
ƾ֤ü
ֻ³渵Ǿƾ֤ĹÿһؾһĵӶȥľŲѡһؼ
ھʮص֮һ
˵Ųǧؼ緱ǣʿ֮
ʲôؼ𣿡ʶʵ
³˵⻰䲻뵽ȥԶؾ֮бҧˣʱŹȥģȻһ֩ȫΪȫ֩ˣⲻ׵оҲһȺϵӴ۾
Ҳеҵչƣ³һֻǺصġ
ԣͷʧءŶһ
̧ͷʱȻϺݵһۡ
ࣺΪʲôҡ
ؾǰʮʱѵˣֻһһ֦㣬ٳٲΪйϵѡ֮ӡ
֮ϣҲ˽
λѣôļӰһȺ˿
˵òȨ˰ɣ
ö˶˵ģȨʲôɼҲ֮ϲμͽ䡣
ȷʵģؾǰʮѡʦȨأҰһ˲õʦǲŽķɻڴˣǣҪײһűһ׵ʦ𣬱ˣ
˱˰
ҿ˺֮Ĳ˺֮Ĳ඼Ҫ󣡡

һƬУͻȻһ䣬ʲôģҿèèģ
˵⻰һޣбıޣһֻɫͫľ²żè
ͻȻһɴȻײﱧһֻѩƯĴ󹷡
һʱų̂ܽϵˣȶ޵۽Уʲôèèģģ


34 
һ£òݣȴֵѩ׹ë⣬ȷʵһ׼ĺŮϲĳࡣ
֪ΪΣϰԶٿֻëѩ׵Ư󹷡
ߣһֽƸС
šáϰԶһԴǣúֻе񡣡
ȷʵ񡣡ͷʾͬ
һеˮ˹̵͹ڵ졣
޽磬èɹ֮һǧ֮õ⣬йʱһֱڣèèĻǹģҲûһۡ
˳ǣ޽磬ÿһèɱ޵źճȫѸèè֮ʱܿһɱ޵һðͷȭɰĹУں˵ģ
֪֮֮䣬Ѿǧ֮á
Ƭ֮䣬֮ϵޣٲˣȫӲμⳡս
ȷʵģ
èèȫˣֻйȷģ
ƨûܵסֿɰСèջ󣡡
ֿɰ˭֪ıֻèһ쵽ֻ֪ԣϸ²Ĵѹˣһһ֪֪ͬ׵
㡭ǸָǸͬޣ˵
Ⱥ޴Сè֣ܽǽпɰ
Աһè޼ƲԣҲʼϵףèôҲıȸȮǿΪҲ֪Ѿҧʮˣ
Ǵһط˴֮죬ȻҲǳ

֮ϣèɹɳ࣬һߣʮֵ
ͷ֮Ϸ·дһд֣
ıֻͬǳ֡
޷ϾǸȫԱɵĵطڰʦޣռ˾ơ
ܿ죬ⳡսèɵʱܶˡ
ˮ֮⣬׹޷԰ε޷̧ͷһԼѩ׵ĺӣЪ鲻Խظ̾һ޷壬һӰ
֮䣬һѾǰЪԼ˵̬
ȷʵǸӡһһλ޷峤Ҳпעһξ޴Ҫٹˣ
ٹ⣬岻ݴǣ
˿ЪֻԽԽ˳ۡ
ϾҶѪɣʹһֲ˵׽С
޷֮ϸպôЪϢЪֵһ˲䣬һü
ʲôãƫƫǸͷһա
ܿ죬ҡҡͷͷ
ôǸң
ңеѪèɣһξ޴Ҵүͣͬɱķ޵ݺݵس˳ͷ
Ъʱ쳣֮ϤèɹɴսͬǣǹԮһ˶١ġ죬˶ѣЩսˣԹϲ̶˿
Ъڻصһ仰Լҳˡ
ŵЪΪԼһͬᣬԼߵèԽ
ֻ޻Ʒ
Сһ𳤴ý㣬λҽޣΪ˺ͰףıԹҶ֤èèĿɰ֮ңҪΨĹٹ⣬
Ъһֱϧս꣬Ĳڣ֪˾һʮֿ
ֱϸ£ý˫ʦӡ͵͵һϲýĴ⿴ŵһĻ
컯գǬý㾹Ȼè
ĲһֻЪһ£һߣֻèƷȫżɭèԼһЩûƷ֣ý̯һֻ˸ߵèĶƤ֮ϣһ̬
һһ૵أСɰ谮㣬ס
Ũü۵ģȻҲǸèɣЪƷˣֻ£Ȼûһͬˡ
ԼİĦҮֻ¶į䡣
ȻȻһˣǲңȻ̤ҳߵó̡
Ъʱ˿վڵĴ֮ϣһƬ㱡
ȥ֮޻ľǹƷȫ
ҴƱԼⱲӶûô๷
Ъе߲ˡ
ǻ³Ͽȥˣһ־أ̨Ҫˣ㻹Ÿʲô
³ǰʱ򣬳һûͽ伴ʼ㵢ôʱȥʲôˣ
ΪЪһ֮Ĵ𰸣ЪͷЩ˼Ҹղϴȥˣ
ϴȥˡ
ôʵ޻Ĵ𰸣³Ͽ㱼޴ԼҲʹԶͬ⣬ֻǴԼõһȥѧ֮ĿѧӽȥˡһĻش
³ϳĬˡ
ת䣬ߡһǳɡ
ǽ̨һķƽ棬ڴĸߴ
̨֮ϣʱ˿μķֳɱ
һԽΪһȺ֮ģ̸̸ۣЦ֮ݵ䣬ʮָ鲻ԽԲ֮飬Լ̨ͬ
һɣϰԶͽ࣬˴ʱ˿ڵϣ۾ش˿ˣӰ׷ɢң
ġСҪ
ˣܻһȦС죬³ŲѧҿֵķΧ
ЪһߣȻȻѡұߡ
Ǳˣ˦һƣ䲻һǣƻȱˡ
û˵꣬㱻ϰԶһȱȱȱϽڲһ˴˵ˣ
һ˴˵ƣ
Ъ²ӣסˣһϰԶֿһ۽࣬һԼƣЩʲô춯صĳ¨ӣ
ƴóģûôġ

̨߿գչмһ·ᴩһ·֮ãвʵ裬ʻ䣬ƮƮ档
ǽ̨֮ǰ³Ϊǽܵģеƣһʱ侹һ˿ڴ
ʵ֤ԽʧҲԽ
ǽ̨֮ͻȻµؿʼɫȻ߸ɫ֯òͣɫܹ첢۾
ʻʹĲʵ̨ȻԴζ֡
һʲôζɱϴķ
ƫƫǻ³ϻ²Ϊǽܣ̨ͽģ֮ѧϰһǸܲȥ
ζɱش̨ϣһԵϰԶСʦе˵Ͷأ
˵ΪʲôȻɣ
ʱߣȥƣڸߴӸµظܿܿ
һָڣһ죬Ҳһ˿޵ǳЦ
Ӳ̣Ҫˡ


35 
Ž̨ԽԽǰ㳡֮Ϻɫʯ̵Ļƣ·ӣϡ󷨵΢ҫڰл۳ڵڻա׺Ӱ
꣬һ˵ʢҲ˵ȻӰռŽ̨ÿ˵ߣ鲻Խһ
ã˸пһڰ
仰·˻ϻӣ̨֮ϣʼ˽
̸֮䣬ںǼǸ¡
бȽ׷ģŽһҵһλӣԼҰĵ£˵н࣬µδǰ;ʮ̹׶ŵһϣҲǳͷˡ
ӹףⷬȺ˺طһۣһΪΪ
ʼ˵ҲǺƢ˸־ˣҾܺá
һ԰Լָ⻰Цһ
ˣе˼
ʱ򣬸ֱԼҲһ
ôʿжٱǱԼӲġ
˵ӲסԭĵǿǾ֮ҲֻʣڡӲ̶ȣֱ
ԭΰʦڣԿۣԭΪԭǽ޷ĹԻ·ȫһЩ״뷨
ԭŮΪؾ֮еùķɻϺĸԩַƶϾһ˷ݵСҵȷʵͦΪˣؾĳɼǺܺãҲǿεˮƽ
ŮؾɼǺܺãҲ֪֮ʦʱѾֲ޷֮ҪȽϵ͵ĳˣȻ۵㣬ѧ
ΪһŰŮо˳ƽ̹
ǵȻᰡѶ˵϶ƽ¥紵Ұݴ
֮ϣŮһƳ˵ġ
ȻҲ֪ô˿̶۵ģ⧲Ķˡ
ΪһŰӲǻܣʹģŮʦ֮λŮΪͽ
ˣҲˣǸˡ
ΪͽΪĵľ֮飬УʲôҲ˵ʲôҲ㣬ȫȫķ㡣
ңΪһоŮԡ߹Ϊ׵ļ廪˵ĹͰ裬ӹǶ꣬Ϊңֱļᡣ
Դ˽ֻ˵˹磬ûʦµʦү
ͽ˭˭
Ǳ߻ͷתƵ˽ϣ֪үһλ°
䣬Աһƨƨߵ潪үشˣǻʣүţ϶廪彪°
۵׻һ˿ɼĵ֮ɫȴǫͽΪϸܰҽ֮ң
Ȼ˵Ҳ౾һȹϵ֮ؾҲ뽪¼ǰ϶顣
һʱ䣬۵׶鲻Խ֮ɫ
˸̾˭뽪أ
˵̫ʵУͻȻ͡һЦ
ЦУŵĳ
üͷȥסԼ죬üûǸ
Ǿרҵѵģ̲ס
һЦüͷ΢šȥѿǶԽкγɼ
ûûСŶһ²һµԭ򣬽æҡͷѿڶҶԽЦòĽãлհˣһʱ̫ڼõѼˣ
ԪС˵ֽƬ˱Ԫʵ壬ɲЦòհ
Ϊһޣһʮʱ޲÷ֳʮʱĳԳ̶ȣƽʱĶĿڸལ׺ͽĵã͵Ļе¡
Ȼûʲôԣеɣ˽ݵ䣬ϲһЩֳ̫һͷˮֻһЩΪ
ϾΪʽķī̸Ц˵С
࣬ĵ˾֮ϻ˾ѧֽ
Ȼ˲ò࣡

֮ϣһȺϷΪĹȨòɿ֮Ҫֵơ
ߴл䲻Цһ૵ЦòհȤ
Ƽ̧ȥֻ̫˼Ĵ˿ԼѾ˿ȥֹü΢塣
λСʦ壬Խͳˡ
ΪڴܣӦ㡾ְأãһ쵽Զǻһ𣬸ʲôӽ׵ʵ飬Ϊϲ

ζ̨̨㳡֮ϣһڻ³ϵ֮²
ԾŰپʮŽװʯͬ㳡ΪׯأŰپʮŽǲġ
ǵģû
꣬һĵʲôʱﰲݰ
ˣĻֺ㣬ֻԼʯ׶һܣȻԽԽԽԽо
۷ŹģЩһɣԼĪǸĲһ
תͷȥϰԶЪˣһһ̯ɢܲ
Ȼˣ۵Ĳֹһ
³ϴһ߻ɫݲȣһȺĵγĶԱȣŤͷСҸҴģԼģдͷ󣡡
ҲáϰԶص
ûЪŹС˵
³϶˵˽һֻۣһֻۣԹ˵ұߵˣһ֮ǿѡһϷʦ𡣡
ȻҪǱ˴ͬſԳɾһʦͽԵ
󣬻³емǣѡʦҪ汾ģΪȡ
ÿ궼ؾǰʮĵΪһʱӲͷƤѡԼ˸ӴţƢԯ޵ĳϷʦһ˴ʦͽ³
³ϵ仰˵ҲȷʵһҸˡ
³ϵ仰ÿ궼Ҫ˵ÿ궼µһ֮صޣӲͷƤΪѡԼֲϵʦ
û³λ˵úеʦͽʦͽҪ˫򱼸ԲһҸжױС
һҸжǺ׳ģҪȻôŰһ˵һʦĹ
λǰ·Ǵš֨ѽһ
һʱ䣬ӳ뽭һȺ׺Ӱͷүүµ˺üš
ĵһ֪ͽ䣬֪ĻΪʥ˿أ
׷ǳУ֮ϵĳϷظ̶ȥأȫ졣
һƬ׺үүУһ˷ǳĿһ˶ȫһƬյشΧ˶Զ֮һһ˹˵ļơ
һ£ݲ԰忡Ҫǣһ
ɱСһѪ̶֮ڣͺһ˰ʮǽ˲С
ˣȷǸŷɥˣ


36 
ϾС˵едȽϺҶһЩò̬д࿴ҧгݴض㣬С˵еŰҲҳҧ
ʱͬգʮӶʮŰӶԪֽƬ˽Ԫʵ壬Ļһӵӻҧ
̫ˡ
ʱ˿̣࿴Ƽ䣬·ڿ̵Ľһ״֮
Ҷ࿴ݲݿ۾ƿĿ⣬ϵظ㡣
ģүүҵԩͽܡ
֮ϳĽ֮鿴Ƽ˺ܶ࣬ϾףĲټΪȷʵ䣬͵ڳ֮ĵطƼϵĲ
ƼҲû˵ע⡣
Ͼ˶ȥˣҲȱһˡ
ƼڴߴӸµظӵܿܿڵӣ˵һ֮ɡ
Щµĵӣ׷׶ͶĽĿ⡣
Ͼ֮ǰڸĻˣֻϲ쳣
վڽǰǸӣ͵͵ӻһ򣬶С˵֪𣬽Ҽˡ
Ȼ治֪˵ʲôֻǸŽƼһʮģǱ˵ͷǵްҰѽӡǽϡ
֮䣬ȻһԵܵɡ
ࣺôСϵܣ㱻ǻøզΣ
ĵ̫¶ǣƼ㳯ͶɻĿ⣬λæе򣬴ͷװ·
ڣƼĿܿתƣͶһ߽ϡ
ĿȻƺűһ㣬һ˶رĿ⡣
ɲңһܳզΣص˻ȥ
ƼջĿ⣬üһĵӣǲء
ǳ⣬κĿ֮£Ҳýûʲô취
ǽƽϵԵú²̨
һߵ˵仰̾˿ϣͽ˳Уȥһֲ㵱ߣӸ۶ӡ
Ƭ֮󣬴֮һλǰɤ˵һЩơ塱ݷͳֱߵĳ滰Ȼͨ˵ȷϻѧԣ˵ͷͷǵĩβعһڵĹȥչһڵδ
˯ߺüȻѪжˣ׷׽ȭͷһҪΪڳ̬
λڽ˷ϻѧԣɤӵλ콾һãŶǵĵʮοΪ˴ؾǰʮ֮ϵλϷѡΪǵʦһ;ϣǿԽһõʦͽԵ
£֮ǰڽ̨֮ϣҪΪʦλһֱ߳ۺǰһӶʦı׼ڣľΪ۷壬ϣܰ¡
Ѱɣ¿ܻᱻΪҰĲһ֮λ֮ġ
ڵȨṹȻһõɴŲ죬ɸͷΣʮ壬Σдʮ㼯һùͬ顣
ҲΪˣڰһ£ÿؾȵǰʮ¡
ϾǳĻ̣µֻҪر׶ħ֮ģʦ֮󶼻һܲȥڼҲһЩԴȨ
Լһ仰ԣǰ;δ䡣
Լѩ׵ĺӣȻԵһӾҪЩ⣬ĶľҲʮ⣬һɡ
һԵĳϱľȥһһָѪ֮ϣһ΢˸ǰʦˡ
һͷټ֮˳ЩӵҲˣ׷׶ǵʦʦ
ЩӶǳңһЩ·еЩ罪һ㣬гǰһЩ˽ϵ㲻ؾǰʮʦҲ嶤顣
һλһᣬһ񣬶ŽƼԸ뽪¡
Ȼ֪ƼͽΪ̣λӻһԡ
ΣƼ̧´һۣ²շ
һ仰Ƭ
ϾͽҲȫڵһʢᣬЩϷͽʱܾҲм棬ܾĶʮίƼֱӵʵ
λէһִܴһʱƬûлعŨصһ֮С
ѵǸ
ż˾ĵһãԱһ峤ʹһλ֮ǰؾбΪ⣬֮飬λӺܿʹִ֮лع񣬸ɴذλΪʦ
һ漸ԭҲһ뷨ĵӣ׷״ͷԼĵڶѡʦ
ãȻԼܵ˵ġ
վڽƼ󣬴һУ۵һԵ֮ɫݼš
Ƭ֮󣬴֮Ͻʣûʦ
һ࣬һϰԶ
ѡ֢ϰԶǵĲҸ˹Լ
ɹˣһ뵽˹Լͷ
ղźüλ׷׳Ͷ֦´ʣǷԸʦͽ˿ִշһĹͷ˵ǸţǷȥշԼ˵񼼣ռ̧ͷԸԸȥѧϰ
һӰټ󣬱Ǵʱ˿̽ʵдա
ԥˣɶ񣬶˼ӣ޷ܾ
˼֮ǰʮ֮ϾһƳµĻ֮ȥӡѡ塣
廪ΪףʣԼôѡ˶ΣѡһԼȤķ
Ҫڽ룬һϣǱˣ廪Ƽ䡣
˵ĳ棬ܽѾԭľˣڤڤ֮лһڽƼĵ׵ʦ
һƼ俪ڵԸΪʦ
⻰ճڣԱһЩϷʱһ˹飬·̫߳ˡ
ˣƼһձΪͽܡ
ҲסһƼ֮ɫ
һĨڣ磬ҶôŬˣΪʲôԸŹң
Ƽ䣬ϴʱ˿̷·дλεĴ֣ܣ
Ҳʶѿڶȴû˵ڡ
Ϊ֮ģǳص౻ѹûܣֽŶãѹ֮£򵹵
༸˲˽Ƽ˼գǲӦҲôӦ
һ֮˾Ӹµʩᣬһˣܵϲˡ
࣬һǰΪʧزһƬڣŽƼ䣬ᶨģһһٵҲԸ⡣
ҲԸȥȶδдҵľ顣
£һƬȻ


37 
ȻһƬȻת˲һƬĬ֮ϡ֮
ԭΪƼνˡ
ѩ֮Ŀε
֮ϣûгϷ뵽νǶһûŵӰν
ԭһΪͳ顣
ʶҪֹӶʢ󽣹⽫ǡ
ƼϰʮɱһΪ򽣡
󷨣һʱ䣬ͬ콣¡
Ƽ佣֮ߣϾΪʦͽŰֵҲǱ䡣
к£ŵģнƼȻӸ£Ŀ޳˵һ飿
˵һ飬ʲô
ֱЦˣ˵һٱҲԸɵ£߹䱩
罣ɷˡ
Ϸ뿪ڣȴ㣬һʱ
ôˣö˶˵սôˣ
֪Ҫ˼СΪͽ˼Сﶼ˵ԸˣӲҪǿ˼ңû
أ˵仰
԰ð
أ״̬

ҲΣп˵ϾǱѡٳţǿԼʵƴɱȥģ֮ƼΪ趨ֵΪ߳
ظƼ䣬ĵƼ䣬ò̫ͳ˼ҲΪͽԼ˼ǵĿʦͽԵֵ£ֺαǿ˼أǿŤĹϲ𰡣ҵģѽˣ
Ƽʱ˿̸ȥЩֻ˵߶λˣͽ±ϣƼŸλ
֮ϣʱ˿̵Ŀⶼ۽ڽϣ콣µѪۣ֮ǰϵѾ¶ŮѩؾĲ֮մȾѪԵòޱȡ
̧콣꣬ͱ˵ĽƼ䣬֮λϷǵǡ𾪵ݣһٱ׼ࡣ
Կ࣬Ҷˮۡ
ȻǳǳЦˣ˵ҲԸ⡣
³ǧһҵĴˡ
һԸչĵϰԶЪɵˣϰԶ˵úЪһͬȥ޷ߣȲĿ˳ζͶһļϣȥע꣬תͷص֮Ƿƾޱ䡣
ö˶˵ģ˾Ȼ˿
ûģ˼ҲԸ£ҪǿʲôϰԶԿ֮ϵһֻͷ
ǡЪæͷ͵ҵĹ֪²ǿ󣬽֪̫ˡ
һһͣͬڽ
Ъ£Ųֱӱ۾֪֪˼Īǽ˲繷
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Ƽۿȥɱص˶ԭأһһ⣬סЪ졣
ЪãȻ֪Լ˵ʲôϰԶ㿴ҿ㣬ɻ
٣ƼȻ˵һ顣
Ľߣ챻ЦˣͽأǱɽǲǻҪһֽͷѩɽǧߵݰ
ƢˣҪҪ˵飬ۣһԭͬǹһԽƼȭҲԸ⣬ҲԸ⡭
˵ڶ飬һƽǰ಻ܣӲһ硣
ǵڣʶὣ񵲣Ϊϻһ㣬ͼ赲ǵĿ
ƼΪߣĿǰө£ͬն
紥ɫϵ˲䣬Ӧ飬м
ĺ˼ǽͬǸ£ֱŶ
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ʲôҲû˵º֮ӿѪζӲŽӭһ
ƼĽʲô
˪͵ĵ
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¼ϰʯı˻һ洦ɼó
ߣһһأͬն
ʱ˿̣߶ˡ
ֻһ죬Ľˣ⻬ƽ
зɳббڵ֮ϣβ˻ھҵ
Ľǰ׶ϵģһڱˣһϽ
ߣһ˿Ѫ
ԽΪӲ˽Ƽһ磬˵ȥֲŵġ
࣬еˡ
̧ͷŽƼ䣬һһٵҲԸ⡣
ǧ⡣
ãһϰԶ±ɼΪźЪ˵ֻƣ
㲻ԸΪʦƼȻʴ֮λϷԸΪͽ
֮䣬ٲȻһ˭˽ΪͽҪΪе̬
ͽշʶУ½Ƽ˵ʮƽͷ̧ͷģǱ˽ΪͽƼΣ
ģҲģ֮ǰռ޷԰εҲ̧ͷտȻ
磬һͽܿɱʲôҪ
ûǿڣĽ绮סǵ죬л˵ضܣֻܸɵۿš

շ

ǰλýƼʵڹףĺˣ֮ϵķֶá
Ϊһˮ¾õӣĬĬӻͳһŷ䣬ݺݵػ˺üȦȦ佪Ƽ䡣
Ŀ⿴ϺţڸðͿŽƼ޷Ϊ
Ҳ޷ֵԱ˵ʵǽƼĶ֣ţа취űа취
һŸ˰ͼرȻһαҪķʮʮʱϲòҪȻɽƼȥ˵ã
̨ϳϷǱ߳Ĭ缦Цһ֪ʲôֶΣԽƼһָûΪͽΣɽҺΣ
ŽƼ䣬һһٵܲҺɣ
ûΪͽΣ¾ʮţǧСɣ֮
䱻ɽ꣬ɽ
ಫܻһ·ɣ
ߴһɢɢ˭˵ûΪͽģҲ𣿡
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38 
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ˣ̱ʧԭء
ˣǣôǿǿģħȣҲһעħɰ


40 
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ԭѾ׼һƪ۶Խڣ֮м񽣽һܣ⼸λϸɽʱһ磬쵱ŵ
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41 
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㽦ĳСһҪͬΪһ塣
С䣬Ǳˣǽࡣ
ΪʿվСͻȻѸײڶ֮һקסϣĶ죬ʿûзӦ㱻һʧ˹֮С
ͬƥںɫʿȺкֱײ̱ӣ˵Ӳƾһ֧֮ķѡ
ֱնͷͷ­Ⱥɫʿܡ
ΪȺɫʿ뿪֮󣬽༸Ҫ׹ȥ
ϿյӰ֮ϣݵϢǰǰһ񣬶ɹ˳ӡ
˺ӣ˺ӵС䣬ǲܺ˵ģֻǰ
̧ʱǰ羰任Ѿֻܻ̣ǰĵˣһȺĳ
Ǽֽܳ꣬ɫӭչԷ
ȻȺҪȸղȺʿѶԸض࣬ǽûа취
һΧ壬С䣬΢֮ٳƷԼû˻ں
С˵Ψһ취Զĸ̨֮ϡ
ĿܺãԿз˧ͷ֮޵
ô죬ôһŻһ㣬Ž۾
ڤڤ֮УĵһֻҪɱһж
̣ؾС䣬еľһ˲䣬ȻЩֲʲô棬ʲôǼ١
ν֮ϣֻǰܺˡ
С䣬õף˿ңϱ鲼ŻҳѪ۾ȴ
һǶȻ׹䵽档
ǲµģһ˲䣬С۾һ˲䣬ĵ׾Ȼ鲻Խزһ˿֮顣
ܿ죬һг䶨žϵѪͬѪҲɽĲļͷ
С䣬ǰǰһ
徭˶ս̨ԽԽ
¡ࡱͷ­ʱ࿴ԭȻŭĿԲɵڵϣɻҡ
ʱ˿̣ͬǸֻ̨֮ң
ȷһܸߵĸ̨̨֮£˧᷽컭ꪣʺѪѩ׵ս
һֻεĴ֣һ֮ϵС䣬Ҳˡ˧ǰ
˧ں֮пУ˵ƣǹžɵĳתŽ࣬˵ɲһ䣺ܺã
˭֪࿴طһۣһָûͷ
Ǳǿǿ뵽طͬһȺ֪ǹĶɱһãܸã


42 
ĶЩС˵ľ飬ؾ֮УʲôҩŻͶѧԿ󹬣һѪŰģŮԴùԣټϽ౾һùȵ˲ţһӣࡣ
⽣ؾдᷢʲô룬̫˺ˣ
Žһ仰Ļ£˧ŭЦ𽥹һ˿ĴЦͷ
Цô񣬽ķƽˣ׻˵úãԹŷڻ࣬ԼĶС˵ԼĦľ飬óһۣʵͻһͨͷԵĹЦ
ݽ۲죺ЦԽԽ⣬Խ죬ǰλЦֱһԵˮƽ
˧ߣԶԶȥдԹһ£ߵ͵ô˰ɣң˧ߣȻµ࿴·ڿһƶڳǿֲ˹
С֮ˣѾĩ·;¾룬Ψпսſɲɱһ̹;
ô
Ȼǣѡ
˧ŵͷ­˾ʮԶĵط᷽컭ꪣȻһתꪼббʸͬ˧һս
ȥʲô߸ϵʩᡣ
Ŷʲôսǰر𣬽һȻ̵ŶҲɡ
仰˵úˮƽҲ˭Ҳǽ໹ǰλֲһ˧ƫƫ൱ˣϧ𣬾ǲѻ˵
ǽǸˣλ˧Ҳó⻰Ĳм֮⣬Цһϣһͷ­ҵʱܼӲ
ŶǾ԰ɣ
סеľȻָƫͷԼ֮ϣſỮһҵͷ­б±Լȡ
һ˲˧µսһŭĺŽС
ΪԼƽǰ˵ٹ⣬Ӧл
ȻһҵͻϮš
ֻ˧һӰͻȻڽǰŷ컭ꪳ෢һ
һӸҳ䲻⹥䲻ռʱ˺ͣ赲
еľͬ컭ȱͲʺս
ԭΪжӦҪٻһЩʵ֤ˡ
ĸӦýзɻŶԣٶȿ쵽ˣգ֮ǰڵ֮ͫеӳǷ컭ɫӰ
Ϊڽţͫ׼һߡ
һ룬컭ꪳڵ֮ϣԭĵطɫʯƳɵĵķѣ϶ڳܲӣ֩һ㡣
ǧһͬ컭ꪶ̱ӣǷ컭֮ϣŷ컭ꪵȥƷɵһߡ
ƽڵ֮ʱĵһ糤һǿһһգ˳ϲҲ
Ƿ컭ꪻ֮伸Ҫ˧ΧΧһܲ͸Ȧٶ죬ͻͽ֮䣬Ͼܲ
׷Ŀ죬Ҳܵÿ졣üζղ֮ϣּݣ׷ӣѷɡľϷ롣
ңһΪ֮лĳ޹ȤҲ˾ϣԼѽ˧û⣬ԼԶ
ǣʱ֮Уһһ˧շתŲһĶ޴ʹԭرת׷ٶҲԽ
ƺڱԼˡ
ۿĿļﵽһϲ
Ȼһ룬ϲȥˣֻԭŵ˧ͻȻͣ˲ţһĻˡ
˧˫֮ͻȻɫһ룬֮һֲ·ķ磬Ȼ˧ͻȻ
ǲӦý࿴ƾշеӰĵӦýаշ
˧ͨɫĹâǣԭʺѩ׵սͻȻʧԭأһ΢ǰ
΢ɢȥһһ˸ߵĴ󹭺˧ǰŴͨŰɫĹ⣬óɫŻƣȥΪ
˧ھ֮ϣӹŴ󹭣ܣϢس˾֧
ľͷָࡣ
ˣÿһ֧һ
ǣˣЩͷԣ⻹İëߣ
սץԶüǶֲǱߵԼԸһʱ
ں֮е˧칭Ǹһ㣬ЯüϮ
صнƶֺֻվԭأؿǰ
ڳļ⼸ü֮ʱ
දˣоڿ֮лһΪԲĹ⻡һʢԲ¡
Բ֮УȥⱻһЩţгٶԲ
ڼȥƱأصڻ˷ֺ
һǼһ֮󣬽Ȼ̧֣һΪڵ֮ϣһ
ʵóõóýڵԲ˵ֱӺգһǰ
ɱͷûа취ֻܴԼǵģеĲһѵһѽ
ָΪˡ
ھĽУԵɽãھĵУҲԵɵá
಻ǾĽޣţѵ˵Ҳǿˡ
ڶ֧Ϯĺŵģǵ֧֧ӲͬһǰһƺҪֱӽͱһԴ
̧֣𣬵£һһ
֮ϱûй⣬谵õ⣬Ӳһ
ܲ͸ĵصļѹһռ֮УԽԽԽԽ߿ա
ΧҲңûⳤ˴롣
֧ܿ죬˽ĵ¡
˧ͻȻһ˿Уԭʵ̫һЩ໹бø
ǣһΣѡһ֧
ƿնڿһ󷨣췱һűζסϣԭء
ڴʱһ
ʱ˿þˡ
֧ͬɵļײķѣƿէ飬Ƭ˷
˧۵һ˲ǳ⣬ͽķǵ
ʲôأ
ܿ죬ͱɫͻȻʶǲͨƬֲ赲ĵⰡ
⻯Ƭ裬֧羵ˮһƬУ޷ǰֺȻ󣬵ݷõӦϣķѵ
֧ۣ൹᳤̧ۿڸ߿֮ϵ˧ĬĬĹ
ţ˫۸̧ɫ̳һӰ󻺻֣һĻϲ顣
ǺȻһ·ڽ֮ϵӡ
ʱһɷŽࡣ
ǣɻŴţΪʲôʼˣô治


43 
֮ϣ֮ǰնڵµЩడʱ˿ƺѰҵһйĺڰ֮϶ԽŭĿԲצ·һͻһˡ
ࣺĹЩӱܣӦñΪʲôǻԽг⸴ⲻƽ
òƽҲûʲôãֲģ϶־Ϊתơ
࿴һȺצΪħ֣ĺȻ
Ϊ˰֣˧Ϊ⣬Ǿ֧ྡڵ£ȴɳš
˶ڣ㳵սҲԺࡣ
Ϊ࿴ͷˣǸ˧һ⣬ʼзɵĴͳܣʼϹȱȡ
ֻ߰ͷ­оԵãΣռУʲôҪ𣿡
ʲô
̧ۣɢҲҽջ
˧ͷѼӲɱΪֹδ˻߳ȥΪͷǷһһһȫʬ
ȫ£Ӳ򲻿ܵġ
´˧һۣһЦǸʲôҲҷ
˧ҲʸסˣһӵȻִԲǱ㲻ϻˣʿǣͬҳɱ
£ԭһųֱһƥͨԡѪսؼ׵˧߾ŷ컭ꪣǧڡ
̳ƴɱֱʡ
վԭأͬǧţֻһõľ
ϮĺɱҪض߸һ顣
ȴŲæվԭأеĵС
Ϊ׵ĳյĽ꼸Ҫಱ֮ʱڶˡ
û˧еĺǧһ൥ַϳĳȻһŽȥᴵһڣҵˡ
ס͵ؽתһ򣬳˧ڵλñϮȥ
˧λоս룬һȺŰΧ
ʱ꣬׷£һƴĻ
ųڼмǰУʱ·ϻһЩϰƾ񹤵ļݳɸӲܹȥˡ
ôһ·նյɱооǰ֮ʱƥֱܵðǣǲһ㡣
˧ǰŹһּ꣬Զ㵽£һº󣬼Ҫһ⬡
սƵףЩ˲ǷֺȴܾжĹӪ֮вҪĳɱ˹ȥ
ԭӪһ˲䱻ɢսкֱײ࿴Σֱӿϵзŷ񱼣ͳķѡ
δõľʼսԼΪһСʹǱǻɱԷ˧
˧о֮Уƻң˹ǹֻİΧȦѡ
ݵĶҹ󣬺ܿͻָ
ʱԼͲˡ
ԣֻ׼ʱһ
ôͻ谭콵徫׼أ
໺̨һ࣬һˣ˺ܸߣһսӭ裬ԷԵΪɡ
һߣԼ˷£ƫл䵽˧ͷ
ǣ˵ֻڷأʱ˿̣㣬һһš
¿ݣ⿴̬ҲǷǳ⣬ͬƴɱսԵø롣
л㣬㡣
䣬ɵùոһ֮㡣
ʱ˿̣ڳ˶ƥսĶ֮С
Ȼû˷ֽҡڵս֮ϵߴ
׼ʱ֮Ϸ£ճ䣬ڿлһߡ
˧ԵʱѾˣӹֵĿⶼǰҼƶͲڻҵȺ֮Уû˵̬񲻿ɵ
Եʱһ룬еĳѾᴩĲ޴ĳ˸ڵأۡһ³һѪȪ
ŤͷָָŽ࣬㡭ö
𣿡гüɣǾͣɿ佱
˧꣬ɴ˫ۣһĿ̬
˻ϼͽ飬زܴ׼䡣
֮䣬Ȼͣˡ
ǵģֻͣݡ
Ŀ˧һױڹеսʱ˿̣·𶼱ͣͣһ롣
ǵ飬һ׵࣬ȻǸӵ¿ʼ̮
Ż֮䣬ʼƮɫϸѩëһ㣬һо
еһУٻٴеǰõľȼչΪһëһĺɫϸѩһţƮƮȥ˲֪η
ѩ֮УֿʼƮתĳ裬Ѱȥ˳ӱϡ
Ӷ԰ĵطķ򣬴ʱѾһƬհףʲôûС
ӵСԶزȥļ硣
Ʈĺɫϸѩ֮У֪η
ͷ֮ϵ̣γֻཻ֮һö΢СҴڽͷ淽дһɫ䡱֡
Ȼͷ֮ϵ̴м䶴ɳһúڲŵĳ
ŲãĺɫϸѩͶ϶ĳӰߣǱ˽ǰ
ͬһж׽Ѫɷ֮ÿնҪѪĿ̰ӡѳʵЩƽƽ棬ɫʣҲûʲôװΣٷ֮ʮĳУŴ֮ʮ޹ѽͬ
ĵһ䣺⣿
Ȼ֣γһ룬˼ԭأɭѪɷ֮Ľ⧲ͥһ㣬ͬײһ
ࡰৡһջسĵ磬ʧˡ
û뵽ƽƽ֮£Ȼһ˿Ұģǽòࡣ

ѽĳʡ
£ĽڣУȻ̧ͷ
ֻԭĹ֮ϣǧһ㣬ƮƮƺƵ£Ը̨֮ϣƮڣؾ˷
Уɵ֮ϣԭī˯ûڵصϴү׷ƽҲۣϲ֪ĳҿʲôӣȻˣ
ǵɭĽⲢδƾţ̻þֱӱ㱻ǵ˺ķ飬ڽڣؾ֮ϻһĿӡ
ڣԭӦΣ˷׼չ뽣ؾ࣬һһ룬Žǿ֮Լ߳ˡ
ڣ飺


44 
ǿԽڣؾϿһ߻һӺĻ֮ϣһǲãĺɫϸѩһǽɵĹơ
кɫϸѩǽؾ֮зɳ֮ϣԭһ޻ǽˮһ㣬һ飬콣æĺˣһ֮ϱһƬհס
ǧһ㣬ڽڣؾĴƮŨҵĹ磬һ㵹ơ
ǰŸ̤ؾ㿴һĻؾ֮иʽħ־Ⱦһֻⳡϴ۾
ʶ˫֣Ҫһϸϸ
ȻĽʱȴæתһȦƫУð˱˹ȥ콣γһյش
ࣺ
Сϵܣô£
콣ǳʱЩҲп˵ڽ֮ϵ츳ʵʣǼϲʵǺ׽׽ġ
κνһλ磬ںڲ棬ʮֵ͵ֻй¶һ΢Ľ⡣
һ㽣⣬콣ֱˣ
һƽ⣬Լѹжôǿ󣬽ŷɥ
ǽڣ౳ŴˣϹһ˿ȿ޻ѿЦݣɵЩڽڣؾΪһŵǰƽƽ泤һڱʶ
ţһɻ󣬽ڣϸĿڣϹЦɰͰ͵Ǵӽؾгˣͦ׵ģһ˹Ȼ˵ãûˣ
ӲţҽһûʲôӪķϻѧ
ɻǱʶʲôƺԣϸ룬ֻڣֵӽؾȡѽȥ治ôΪȡһʲô𣿡
⻰һЩףÿӽڣؾȡĵӽڣ鶼˵ôһ
Щĺ˻ģһֳѾõϻ׭Լ⣬ܶ˵볤õĳ֮Уʱĳ˯Լ֣ҲԼ֮ǰˣһβСۣ沨εȴűעˣһδӳ˯֮лѡ
ˣӵһⲻҪΪȡԼӡ
ڣ˵⻰ף˭֪ȴһ˼飬Ħһ°ֹͣԣŶҵĽýʲôأ
һ⻰ڣ˴ԭأĵҲ˵˵ѣҲδҲֱ̫ˣϣȡ
ڣľսؿŽಢŵǰѳһʲô׵λĲ졣
ʵ˵Ҳ֣۳ҽڣؾô꣬⻯εĴΣΨļζһѪȷ֮жС֮׼ȭ˵˺ݻ࣬ܲھͲڡ
Ҳֱڣڣؾ¶֪λ䣬ֻ˽³ƺһʾ𾴡
ѽʱƽƽ棬ν֮Ϲ۵𺳣룬һ硱ѽ
ʮӶʮרעɲ
ҪҾͽ硱ɣҲһ㡣ѽΣҪǲ֨͡һҪ͡һ
һڣһðдǾԲġ
һ磬Ƿĺͬе׼һ磬һòã
ȵȣղ˵ʲôڣƺʲôԣ۾͵صɴ
û´Ļղǲ˵Ҫô硰һ
ʲô󵨷ԣƬ̹󣬽ŵǰѳ֮ϣһġ
ʮᣬƺűӣβҵ͸ķ
ڣռһʱ仰˵
һ翪ڽǴ˺һѽʱǰѽл²֪Ǹ깵Ĵܷڣģȷʵмֱ£̫ĸˣһڣؾбƤӳߡ
˵ҲˣǼ켸λϴүּصİãûʲô϶ҲڽڣؾаԵա
һɲˣﵽ˴ͷϣȻȥŴ˯
ܹǱزܰʲôɱ࣬ԴȷѪʣֱӽ˺ˡ
û˺һ˺ѽĽ˺ûˣѽĽɢڽڣؾĴûƴˡ
ϴοǿſק˺飬У˵һȷʵ
һУʮָˣãԺҾͽˣ
ʱгɺ飬һֽ޵֮ȻģĿϲ˿Ҫĵģ޲õʹӰٲ԰ζݡ
ڣһǿ飬һڷл´ţǺͽܣǰѽˣ
֮ϣлյţɫɵһͣ׽磬ͽܵ׻ܸپϲ
һŲԹɫʵΣͽܣ
ʵúܱأܽ´лµʲô£лƵûʲô׽硣
簡ظһ仰һ룬вյžһ䵽֮ϣķһأʲôö˶˵ģôǰѽ磡
Īǵ·һʱ䣬ֱлǰħü·̡
¶ϸ룬ԽԽ

ӽڣؾʱ֮Ͽ˵ַǷ
ЪĹ޷һȺϷԼӵп˵ˮ·˿ϼңһȺ˷ųޣʼǿ
ϰԶһߵϣֱ˯˹ȥβббģ˯ûͦ
֮һƬĬ֮С
׽֮£ֻ֪źл˶ѡ
űȥڣȡŶǿٵͷһˡ
Ҳˣ֮λϷҲĻ棬뿴ȡһʲô
һЩϰԶЪĻ޵в룺Ŀ֮£ӽڣֻȡһƽƽҲĽǿɾ˼ˣ
һúڲʵʵסĳڵס˴˷̽Ŀ⡣
ȳлһ񣬡Ҳӽڣȡ
лµһͷû˵ʲô
˿ţΪŻῪ˵Щʲô˭֪Ҳֻǵһͷ˵һáĿƫ˱𴦡
ӽڣؾгĵӣŵ׿֮£λϷչʾǵĳɽȴһ仰û˵
̫ˣһĪǣӽڣؾһƽƽĽ
֮ϣͻȻһεεŮҸջţ˵һλ˲õʦãűýڣȡ֪ʦ㣬ǷһȡõľǺεҲҵȿۡ
ڵĲǱˣǽƼ°ͽԭ֮ýʹ廪塰߹֮һѩᡣ


45 
⽪ѩ᱾֦ͬ;ͬԭҲǽһǽƼͬڣ˵ͬɴųһǧݡ
ϾһϵڣԭŵйϵõĲˣͬԭŮԭŮ廪ˮȿ಻ԡ
ͬϲ˽´СĽ಻ͬǣ⽪ѩһ֣ļʮѧߣóɱˣǰ׵ӽ쵶ӳɱ֮С
ԭ֮㳪Һͣһһ䣬㷽ҵǳǽһˣѽ࿴ǻðɻ޲õһƿЧ衣
ÿС˵˵ĻغϣӶǣⶼû˹ܣⶼû˹ܣⶼû˹ܣ
û˹ܣΪƼȱʦԼµĵ
⽪ѩ᲻ǹרңⷬĶŵˮ©ȴһ½ֲ࣬¶ۼذ˻ϣǫܾԵúܲʦӣǴӦˣ»
֮ǰ֮ϽƼһϵ飬ýͬ廪Ĺϵ΢Ͼ֮Ž˼Ҳϱ˼Ұʦɲ˭ܸŲ廪֮ٳڵѽ࣬Եúͷ
ѩƮƮһ䡰Ҹջš㽫λˡ
Ҹջţʲô֪һ仰ֱԼͬ廪ʥ룬⻰Ϊһʦʦõĺ档
£̧ȥһİŮޣѩī˿׺Žţж֮ҡΣ衣
һʶˣ֪ΪΣĳֽ˻Ϥо
˵꣬䵭ءŶһȻʵʣǣ
ѩһͣ۵׻һ˿ִ١
䲻Զǰ㾪ž޵ţҲŴ֮пǰĴڡ
οմһµؾгؾеѪһѲϻ֮еСղŽӽڣؾг֮ǰ֮ЩϷһƬ֮ʡ
Ȼ˵ʶ˵˸ɴ䡣
Ա֮£ҵýѩ޷ܡ
زϲԼαװʲô롣
ܽԼѶ֮ʱ⽭ǶôѲǶôǶôĲ֪ʦƼΪͽȻжµĽܣ֮ϵô೤Ϸʦ𵱳²̨
ʱѶ֮ʱЩԹʵһʲôмֱѲܷ첻ܣ
ѩ³һȷʵûܵĵӹȻС
ʱٿ࣬Ѿȫһˣ·ڿһۺԼһ߰˰ٸͬȼ۵ĹţľС
ȫ֪Լʲô˾Ľʵʮ޹Ϊȷʵʶѩᡣ
˵С˵ǡ߹ŷɥӣˣǽƼǶɫյ治ܵϳ
֮ʱһΪĳĬвҲ
ѩĵĻұҪȿڣȻвУ㣬Ų·磬ƻԼĹλϷԼǰӪ
ǣղŲҪҵĽ˭ô˵ˣĪֻǿһһϵľˣʵһжϵİӡ
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ϷȫףȻԽǳǳһ
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ѩᱻʵĲԣ¶ͷ
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£֮Ͻƽ
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أղŲǷҪҵĽҰνˣôûˣ
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46 
ڲĴʮĩβҧһ˿ҧгݵζ·ص±ӡŮڶݺݵץӹײİ壬ﻹţ
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ֻ뿴ǽڽڣؾ֮ѡһͭ˳سԳΪ廪һ˿棬ڽڣؾ֮ѡһ֮ǰ˵ĻҲ͸Լڲ֮ˣԿ
ǽѩԴҲû뵽ᷢ
ԼĿ֮£ֱӱĽµػ˳ȥ
ϸеĳһ˲Եûֻһѩ׽ڣ֮죬ɱ֮ھȻʱ޷ֱӵɳȥѴ֮ϵһԴ
ൽ״ӽڣ֮ȡһʲô
ѩĵ׷ɻ󣬴֮ϵĳҲͬʡ
δκνƾʱǵˣֱδš
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У˵˽ǹһνЦ֤𣿡
Ȼڿ˵Ҫ˵֤ݣǻûС
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лȷʵͽһе㶫µӣֻΪ츳ƷУǸǳ͵콾

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ѩʱ쳣Σ۱ѪеɶԽıκνһ¿ˮ̵̬Ƥ񣬷Ŵ֮ϴǹսֺǸ׸Լ
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ƫƫⱾһ̹ʮη壬СҾѡô֮⡣


47 
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ϲ˵ʵڽϵĿڸĴЩɻ̽ĳϧͬ顣
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48 
ⷬ£һ֮ǰǰʦȥڣȡģȻȥȡؼˡ
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49 
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л´һǷĵ˭
ÿؼĽϸĹ涨չҪԽѡؼм¼
һץƾճһ֧ͨڵıʸˣǱʸΪףӡŽɫķƣһϴµصᾪλ޴ܵƷ
Գıйٱʡ
һ֮ɶ
ͬԵŪīʫ޲ͬһšɱʡһһɱͬйٱýһһˮ֮ʿĿ
ͬŽƽȻͬ⻹һšͽ
ʱ߳ƽŷɥйٱʣȴһķâ˳ƽһֱƽƽëʣ̾Ŵǧ׹Թ
үһһ̣Ӷ֮һӣǲõģһۿȥ֪ЩͷˣȴɢƷ΢⡣
ǧľ컯ᣬԭֻһͨͨƤСӣΪڿɽ洴ʱɽãԼ¼еھеĵ伮
ΪƷ;꣬ǧ伮Ӱ죬ҲմȾ˼֮£ʶɷƷΪ
˷ƽ̯ڰ֮С
ҳתǲָֻĺȣȴ㷭аӣȥÿһҳ϶Ľ
ȵһҳĿհ֮ϣ̧һӣ֮ϵйٱʱ컯֮ϡ
֮ǰʵͽΪ飬֪ҺõǼᡣ
Ϊһٱ׼լ̾ھ֮УĳЩѲ÷ҪȥʢᣬΧһ򲻳Բ֮ڣĳ̶ֳϵռ顣
ˣϢΪͺ󣬶ԷŴ֮Ͻһսһ֪
򽣷壬ࡣ˵ˣסһ£Ϊ
ʱ˿ʹߣ޲ôԽȥǸ۵Լ
Լѡ飬ҲҪꡣ
౧۾ҧгݣһһٵʮ죬Ϊ񣡡
ÿһ֣лµɫһ֡
˵ʮ족ĸʱΪѡһʲôϢҪоʮ졣
󡰾ĸ˵֮ʱûסЦ˶
ЦˣĨᣬһ߿һߵлͽ˲ãִһ֪оȻһŷɥ飬ƫƫͽܸˣ
ʮ죬˳ΪǺôĿ
ԭأΪ类ɯֱӣͨӲֺͷڵϿ۳һ
лǸ̾һ䣺û뵽ͽ׷ΪʦǸж
ڰ֮ǰйٱǾְ𣬱߰ж߼¼ڲᡣ
컯֮ϣ˼¼ЩҪ¼ؼƷ֪ؼΪĸƷ
һЩʿں̺ľŲ֮ѡһƷҺϵؼ˸ˡ
ʿбһۣ֮ǰĺúõģҪһʲôؼ˾ֲģ֥©ϣԴԴϵ̰һãֻһԼؼݲݴȥ
һɷޱȵִƾ꣬ҲʶˣؼȻܳŲ㣬˵е㶫ģȻʲôо滰֮
֮ǰǱ滨ּΪġͬ𲻿˵Ķ¡м¼Ҳʲôصݣǻʵɻĵá
֮ȡһ֣ȫΪдⱾĴܵʦ̫Ͽ
մŵĹλܱ˳ҵȻԼͽɣȴΪʦϿλӱһꡣ
Ȿ飬һĵãΪʦӱϣԸ䣬Ϊӱһ̫ʹ࣬Բ˵
ˣλǻӱⱾ飬̲ŶʦѪߡ
ⱾؼҲǿŵƷ伮ġ
Ȿ˵ؼϾ׷Դ֮ϣⱾֻм򵥴ֱĸ֡񡱣֮⣬ûʲô׷ݵĶ
ҺɲɣⱾʱ䣬ˣһʱؼļؽ£йⱾļظһƬհס
һ£
˼Ƭ̣˽ۣⱾж࣬಻Ʒ
йٱڲ֮д¡Ʒī֣˭֪컯֮ϳайٱʣȴĵĵһ¬
йٱ컯֮ϣպī֭ȴ컯֮ϲô
ǴС糤Ŀո񣬶йٱ˵ȴǵȴ޷
һĪⱾؼǵƷģΪжϴԱʶ컯ų⡣
²һЩףҲϳ
ȻƷҲ컯֮޷֡
ֱ֮ɫѵ˼֡
ؼĪƷģ
йٱ⣬ƷҲ޷֡
ʱʮ࣬еؼΪĸƷȻ֪ЩؼΪ죬ǿǳⲻеġ
ͨһ˵ĸƷ޷ԼǣԳһɡ
Щؼ֮٣ֻڴ˵֮УнҴģҲΪ֮ܲؼ֮壬ֻڴ״֮дС
컯ͬʶؼжϴδġ
ɷġʮ죬Ϊ񡱼֣ĪдⱾ˵һλ˰շزľ񣿡
ʣоԿԲѵ
һһɣл³˼Ƭ̣ڵͽܣɷؼһۣ
Ȼԡ
ĵǺһⱾķⱾһҳֻͬɷдһŴ֣һŵ
ؼѧһͽôģⲻӵܼ˲
ĳֽ޴ܵĸ֪л¾쵽ؼŹ֣һ˵ĹŹ֡
Ÿ֪һ£˿ŹִӺζؼƺе㿴
ؼУַϴĿ֮һƬհס
Ҳչۣһ鰡
Ŀ֮ѩһƬҳƺǶˡĳ
лָҳ֮£֮ǰһҳϣ˻ȥ
ָ֮£ǡѹǾ䡰ŵ
ǿϵĲڣлʵһҳϾдʲôΪѣ
ʦȷҪ
˵޷лµ
һŵ


50 
ʲôһüⱾĿҰ̶ƺЩţһʱ仳ԼǷˣʽࣺ˵һ飬ŵʲô

ɻޣͽרҵԿڣҲû뵽߲֮תͷл£лʶǳǽһ֪֮٣ǽΪĵһѧ𣿡
ʲô
ĪһлһʱЩʧԸ£ǽ޺θɣ
˵佣еĵ;ǧǧп޵ģжģнģҲнģޡ²ȷһҲܳΪҲı£ҲĽ
ֻף
ŽǰҲһ˿Ϊʦߴ˼ñһЩڽһϰ˽ģڼ֮֮ʣͬȺϰײ˰ϰĳǽȻ෴ġ
Ϊޣһ˾ںͽڽ޵ͳֻ֮һЩԷؾ֮һԲָˣһʱֻʮ档
ڵĽΪĵͳ֮ԡ
ҵͳ֮һˮȣˣŵʿҪ䳰ȷһԶԷĵͳָֻţԼĵͳǲ¶ۼĽдߣ⶯죬Ҫ֡
ʿ֪ǲͳعأΪΪ˼¡
ʿԽӵձ֪ԲοлԣϵĽϰײ˰ӣССײ˰ӣ˵¶մϵСģ˭Ҳû˭
л¿ǱؼԽؼ˼˽飬һ֪ΪΣ
ΪΣ
ΪҺԵ𣿡˼˰죬ֻ뵽ôһԣϾϵ飬Եֵ˭Ҳס
л¶һ£Ҳûҷʶ֪һؼ˵һЩдֱͬаħǲմߵģ֮࣬οҲ޷
ϾұҪıǲɹʲԷ⣬Ӧȡټ֮ͨ򽣷һ
Ȼ뵽֮ǰؼһŵ⽣ۣлɫ΢ּһ䣺ȻؼҲȫţʲô֮ԣ͵ˣص档
²ȷʲôӣ
лƺ뵽ʲô˵ؼ֮£мǱܣɽ֪ɱ˶ᱦ֮ˣЩΪƿ֮Ԫľ֮ħ񣬲һʿġ
ϾһԽƷؼһ˿ͻƿϣЩԪͶ·Ƿħڵ״ӶҽٹȥͨһЩطǿҪܲ⴫淨ŵģЩɥĲЩ츳ڵĵӽжᡣ
ҽⱾؼ˵·ģ֪ûλµķͻҪ
Ͼ͵ǣؼϢȥ˱ԭرһɮ⣬Ϊ֮ǰɽǶˡ
䣬лתͷгʰ磬ѹͷŵ쾡£ЦЦǱߣӦ֪ô˵ɡ

ʱ˿̰Ͳʦͽ˸ϽҰ֮뿪һлºͽܣ̲ס廳Լͺͷ¡
лһĽѹһڼ޸֮ɫ糣лûģһŪȥ
꣬ϺŪѧʦˣ
лսʣϵ㣬Һͽܱллˣ
лʮĮͽܿ뿪Ƕİοˣ
ʦͽǰһͷƤ飬ǹˣ

򽣷֮ǰ򽣷֮ξ
򽣣нڣؾڴ˵أ֮л˽ɣ򽣷ض̾ᣬұǧ𣬸ʮվһɱŶԡ
ȻܷʵܹǸС
л´ƽƽһɽ֮ϣɽͬʣԶƺĿ֮ܽһƬ
ҺͽԤվͬɽʮƽƽ棬ǽµС֮ϣлвݣһ΢ҡҡ׹Ჱ
ɽеģУûн
ȵȣнģᲱһʯͷбб֡򽣡
ʮֳֹͯնɡ
û£లοԼһαװȻ󷭹С¡
һľнŵԼ˫ۡ
찡Ϊʲô򽣷֮ϻһȺѩ׵Ĵ׶졣
Լ׶󣬾ȻɽҰĲ˵أһۿȥƷʮȫ
Ƕ𣿡ԼΪʲôô˰
ûǶ졣л͸һ˿ӣмִŻζԺҪǺúദ
⻰էһЩŹ֡
ܿ죬֪ʲô˼ˣǴ׶˿ֻ˹
౾Ϊʺõġ
Ȼʵ֤ǽˡ
ص͹򽣷һԵ׺̶ȡ
ºʹļ׵ɵģ
Ƕ죬˽һԲϱֱӿʼġ
׺̶ȣ֮ؾ֮޿˵й֮޲ϸ׺̶ȸ
ܿ죬㱻׷Ҵܣʵ޷ߵֻðγС
Ϊ˱ӹһ١
˭֪ɣҲɣɵþȻ졣
ǴȺ鱱ϷһųһΧ¼л
ŵһ죬㱻׷ʱ
ҹӱϴˡ
ҹجΣεѱƿȫǴ׶죬ֱӰˡ

Ļ̨ಢЪϰԶ̾ѧõһš
ҽλûǺſ˵Ƿˮѡ
һĻ̨ӽϰһӡ˾ͷʮֱ
һȺȺ߰ͷ֮УԵһһſ˯Ľʮָ롣
ſϣ˯ʮԡ
޽һ οʼ֮󣬽תѡ
ƫͷϰԶһ ʲô
ͨʶϰԶһǰĿαһ룬̲סʣʲôȥˣ˸һô
ˣǶ죬ҹӽϣұ׷˿һ·
ĶɶҪҪһȥЪĦȭƵ
л⡣ʦҹһͨ׷Ⱥ׶Ŀգɣ޹ǶǷģǲǶ죬һȺڣ
Ⱥʦʦģּߣȫ壬طºаԵ꣬ÿ򽣷ŵӶǵĶ֣ȻҲѾ뿪ſθԾʽ׶εʦ֣ɲһȺڣ
Ҫ֣ĵ˼ܻ治Ⱥ׶Ķ֡
׶죬ֲ˹


51 
⣡Ъɫһ䣬ͬף˰ɣ
ڼĴ׶Ķ֡
ϰԶһͬͷҲһ޵֮ͬɫ
翴ᣬĵ⵹Ҳء
챻Ǵ׶ͷԼҪɵˣʲôҪǿ
ͨʶΪһȥʹһˮζĿΣڿ֮ǰѾ׼ڿλжˮˡ
Ȼʵʤڿˮ׳̶ȼֱ
ԭܼ򵥣ǽͨʶεĽϰʦȻǸƼԲзֿۣ͵ġ
Ͽιͨģһ仰һתͻȻתƼϣĳĳºĳĳܽн֣ΪǸ޵ԲзۣȻѡƼӮ˵ĳΣһǴʱ
һΣûʲô飬һغϾӦϢˣϽһ棬ʦЩδ
һʱغϷһ㣬ת˽ƼϣΪͻһлأôƣΣǶԷƼ䷢սƼǰȥӦս
ࣺǣʲô
ЩʱһĲԸ÷Ƽʱ۷Ź⣬õȫͶ룬ǽһЩʽŵĹϣᵱʫһס
ʫˮ׼Щǣֻһˮ׼
ࣺˣ˵أ
ϵĲͨʶô漣Ƽ价磡
ԭΪһʿͨʶһǴһúϰ˼ģ˭֪ʦ̫ڲ¡
ˮˮƮ֪ʶ㣬ˮֱ׳ˮࡣ
ʦˮΣȥһЩ΢̸֪ʶ㣬֮ȫǽƼ䡣
˲󼺣ǹѡѧͨʶĿαĺһģשͷһ㣬зóȥҲǹõġ
Ǳдαĳ϶ÿʦĴˮ̶Ⱥ˽⣬αȻдȤζյʮ޷űĽнܡ
˵һα˵һμǣд߱ʷ⣬ȻȥЩطصĶ˵Ŀ֤ʮ꾡׼ȷ
ʵΪһαЩɢˣͨʶʦǰֻдͨʶһλˮ֮С
ⲻʦǿһٱ
̨ʦڸ̸ۣƼѾʼĵˡ
γ֮ĶʦĲһȤζ˶Ŀһ¡
Ȼʱƽ󲿷˿ʼʹߣһЩǿ֧ţֵ˯⣬Щ˸ɴŹԼҲŹʦѡԭƽ֮Ͽʼͷ˯
ЪϰԶ˱ˣȼ֮ʦû֮ǰ˯öҲűˡ
ʱ˿̣ˣһſ˯һڵ˯ϽԹʵ˯⣬˯ȫͶ
࿴۱ջĿ⣬˯̫иȾˣ࿴ҲƤܿʼˡ
࿴鼫죬ͨʶһ㱻С뱾һ俴ꡣ
֪뵽ʲôԥһ£Ȿ顣
ͨʶһΣҪһ־ΣΪڣϽڲϵһ룬ǽΪĿֿ꣬Լڶ θܲҲſ֮˯ɣ
˼ȥӴ֮ͳǱʮ죬Ϊ񡱵伮
Ϊ˲ôע⣬һڵķƤǷƤɫ߲ʰ쵣һɱҹ磬÷ɫдһŴ֡Եҡ
۾ָ۾˼㡣
֮ǰڴ֮ϹνԽƼ䣬Ǻݺݵĳһͷǲһ֣һҹ֮ȫš
һʱȫ¶Խ׹ϾӴ󵽸ҶԽƼνⲻʵʵķӺʲô
лΪʦлԩͽ֪࣬ͬһ㽲һӱտڲ̸޲ýǴ֮ԭĨʦͬл¶Դʮֿ˵ֻҪǰ¾С
ˣһȺ˻ڰ۽ǷᲽǰʦֵĺ󳾣аħ·ϲ񱼡
ԭһЩ˶Դ˻Ż̬ȣϾһʦаħм̫Сʼͬڰշ
ȻӽڣؾȡһѾ׽Ա޴
ЩҲһĪĹע㱻ĿΪ˵͵ѾһˣȴӲѡ
ſΣʱʱתͷǿʲô˼Ĵèһ㣬ȫϡ档
౾ԭȫעؿͨʶαһȺ̾콾Ȼͬ㲻֮ͬʱ
Ͽſţͳһɫڣһ۱۾飬ζؿ
ǷƤ֮ϺȻдż֣Եң
ζɫζ
Ŀǰ»еѾʲôԵ񣬰ԵˣʲôԵʦ֣ԵСʦ壬һ۸ѧ
˭֪ͷʱζ黰ƫƫú漫Ϊרע
һȺ˿ĿǾʷ׳ʣĿܻһ𣬽ãʱ˿ԼܿһȾ
ЩĿ޶ãԹԵؿ顣
ǡһŵһҳֻɷдŴ֣
ʡ
ΪҪ
ΪҪ
ΪҪ
ƺǧʹ࣬˿˱㲻ɵøͬܣҲɵ˼ͬ⡣
࿴Ŵ֣Ҳɵھ˼˼ǰΪҪ
һ;࣬ĥ࣬ͬ˴һԽ˵ҳ㷹һ㳣·ʿճ̶ȣ޳״򲻶Ⱦǰ϶ɽһ֡
һԲϾͰνǽʵдա
ΪҪأ
˼ãȻָһҳ֮Ṵ˼ֵҰνΪõһޡ
һޣֻڰνʱžԼš
һ֮һҳ޷ԶϢطһҳֻȻдţŲȫʧұ
⻹ͦģ
¿һЩпսͷԵеûģ˵һؼһƪռǣżǿĸ
磺գ磬СʦԼ̤࣬ʦԼ˴ʦ֣ɶ񣬻ȥʱĽѹ
ȥˮһ֣˭֪˶һγʱд꾡嵽ÿÿʽ
һ෭Կһۣ룬һҳֽ
಻ɵипʮ˲õһ
֮ͬǰԲͬⱾ߾ļһǰǵɵ̬дΪʱʱҪü䲻֪Ǳ֮ϵĽľЩʮָߴϣ˸оʮ
һҳ±ŵעͣȻдţοľȫڱ˺ࡣ
ǣôԼοأ
˲ãһҳֽһ󣬾ƺЩδֻд㻹Ϊƽ̫ѷΪһޣҪһŵӶԿ


52 
λ·ԴЧ֮佭ƺĿǰһλĽϸ磬ýָȻʮаһЦԿ
⡣
ĵãԾԣ
ʱ˿̸̨֮ǽͨʶʦԹԵĸ̸ۣһ䣬ƺѾƼͬĳɵĳλ֪ܽнˡ
ڷ̨ȺѧļĿ÷Χ֮УѾ˯һƬˡ
ʣٲû˯ŵڿ֧ţֻ϶ӪҵЦʱҪʦƵƵףʱҪǡôعơ
ʦڴ󷢴ȱЩı䡣
Ĵ󷢴ȱͬĲͬΪĴ󷢴ȱӦԭظаѿûع鵽ȷ·ϣλʦаǣȻҽ򶷾ȤһݣмϷ
ȻǸԭͽƼһأɴһĴܣϰʦһ֮ʣԭرһԱ
ԭǴܾȻŮװ֮ǸĹȻԭమɱ
ǽϰʦһ˷ǣݵǲֺҲԽԽζѧչ
ǿ˵һ޹ĵӣƽ޹ܵһ󲨾Ȼ󻹸ŭԡ
ࣺ
ʱ˿̾һſޱȵĽǣٶ࿴һλϰʦǶ̵ļ衣
Ȩ֮£ѡŵĨͿ
ԭһϿλ뵱һѧģκ춼Ըǽ޿κΡ
ԱϰԶЪһŽһŹ˯ʮ
ӿָˡ
Ŀ⿴ǰһţǰ棬ԭطӻûȫ˯ȥ
ں͵һǰͷŵӣԭǻҪܹıԵشʱƤϱҪͻͺʱһֱһűԭˡ
ƨŻһ㣬ûҿۣҶſ˯úɺĪͷˣμԼӡ
ҿ֮ʱĵϣ˯ˣ
ÿϿ˯δ챻˷ֵһ߳ŭСҡû˯ԩˡ
У˵û˯û˯ͬǸɴ˳˵
ɣסʵˣ㷽źö˶˵Ӹ
һֲ㸡ȱԼһĪִõĳϹѲ飿
ִõĳûУҪӿεὣһö߹
ûгϹѲ顣൥תϵʣֻӿΣ˵һһҪ򴫸ѶУ
ָԼָѶ齭붼û롣
ͷʢǵʱͻȻһߵָλʿҪȭ
ⱾһС£ӦҲʹ죬ٵȴͻȻѣŽԥԥǸûͨѶѣ
ͽ֮ŵһµɵЩӵУͨӣڴ֮ϣ˽ͨѶˡ
ֻǽһ㣬ڴ֮ϺͽƼϣְлΪʦȻȥڣؾȡȡ꽣֮ȥȡؼճ̰ŵܹġ
ˣ˺þòű͵򽣷УȻҲûʱͬ˽ͨѶѡ
֮ͬǰؾ֮ǸƣֻڵĹҪǸǿ˲֪ٱ
ĵӲͨѶѷ˴磬֮Уеӽйͨʽ̳̳Ϊͬİ飬нĵõģзģйɽһЩ̵ģܣ
˵һ֮ϣصıһСᡣ
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׶׷Ľƣֻǲݲݿۣͷֶûüġ
̧֣֮עһ֮һ΢⣬ת˲֮Ų
ͷ֮һɫɫĿ򣬷ŽһģһŵĿĺȻһ۲۵罻ˡ
ԼģǿͰ͵һƬհףһͨѶѶûС
㴫Ѷֽʲô
Сѻ졣
ܿӵԽĺʵ޻ĺɫͷ񣬿һֵԶ֡
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ӵ⴫Ѷһ죬ûסһڵͷ񣬺һʮȤ֡
ͨѶ֮罻Ļԭһʺã
Ҳһ䣺á
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˵仰㱳ųͷҲصȥˡֻǰ뷭ͨʶαʾһˡ
ӿεһʱ˿̵Ľŵ·ϣֻÿݲ̣㣬ʲô˳ۡ
ĵⲻȴͨʶʦƼĴһҪĿ
ǰȥĵطŵ㳡ǹ㳡ģΪе֮أģǽ޵޺֮ǽһ
ͬѶĻһŸԽܵСӣԱ𴦽ֻǲݲһ۴Ψ㳡ȴġ
ԭܼ򵥣㳡֮һ̨̨Ȼһ̨ͨͨ߾㳡֮ϣΪΪޡ޵ȣÿһΪһ̨
̨ͬŴһȱ㶨ס˵̨ͬģ̨֮㿿ǰˣȡλΣ̨Աߵʯ֮ٽһ
̨ŵĽǹҹģҲͬÿҹһЩΪʦҪ̨ǰٶ
ˣ̨֮Ҳпĵطûлڣȫ浶ǹĲ
һȺˣΪ˸Լս
̨λĵλãǸ߾̨ʯİףĵԼϷ˵ʱһ۱ῴ֣ȷʵһΪ顣
˵ҫ޷赲
Ͼ˭Ŀ˭һҹأ
಻룬˵أֻƽƽһ
㳡ʱ໥ӣڽ֮绨һĽţȥۼ
ǣںһЦЦ֮ϵĽ磬Զֻܵӵ˵
ÿεӵھŵ֮ʱǰ˵㲻ظйƤһ㡰ಡһ»ΪУ֮ϽӵĻת˲㣬ڿֻһģĲӰ
ӵĽǺģȴǱ
ǰڷŵ֮ͭϷһ죬ˮֵͭ˲Žһһİɫۼ
սʣһĨһѶͷ֮ϵĺˮɶ񣬻ǲ𣿡
Ǿ˲һҳֽǰǰϸϸضһ飬Ϊڻͨ۶ܻӺһ
Ӹǵģˡ
ԼȴԼ㲻ᡣ
Ŀǰɿڰ˵֮ϣԴ
㳡֮һЩЩ֮ǻǽݸ㣬ͨʮֿţˮ
ɢźʹ֮ȺճϽȻͬʣһ֪Ǿͨս֮гϡ
Ⱥ㳡֮ǻѲӵҪȰܡ
ǵģûȰܡ
ɱСȰܣ㳡֮ÿ絽ĵӣǲЩ̨֮Щ޵ģ˵ҲиСһǧˡ
СһǧˣԲͬķ壬ķҲͬ㳡ȫԱɱķΧ֮УҶ᲻Լͬı൱ö
һ㣬һԲϾͻᱬը
ǱһҲ޷Ͼһ˷һ˵飬ǱȥǱȥ
㳡иӻӣ˵ĿڽǺױΪһʵĸս
㳡ûЩר˾ְȰܵгʱ߼¼һ˾ųȺܣڲͬʱڣ峿һֱҹ˾㳡ȫ춼³ɱ졣
ȺϵȰֶҲһ˳ȰȰ˵˻ִҪ֣Ǳ㰴Źذӵרŵ̨֮ϣǳߴ侲˻ҪȥԹԹϰĽա
Ȱ֮⣬Ⱥƿ֮ʱҲָһϾսǧսֻƬԴӶвοֵ
Ǻ³һԹ۲˽ãԭʵΪһֽʹ̫Ưˣ緱ţ׾ٱ˵
һ࣬һƬ̾Уʱţһ
ҿ⽣Ҳʵѡ
ȷʵұƳһʲôӣ
Ȼ뽫ŵǻƿЦ
ȷʵ˭֪ǽֻܵӵ˵ŵֱǳ˵Ρ
ǡ

⼸һֱϣʱƣơ
ЩţԹԵԼĽ
룺ȻôҲԡ


53 
Ⱥֵ˵˵úܴ뿴
˭֪Խ̸ۣ˵Խüɫ裬ƺһ㣬Խû磬һһ˿˱̲ס̾һý
ÿһεĽֶʧܣ໹ǹִԭػӳһһ
ǰ֮ͭϲǳǳĸֺۼһԹۿ֣ᷢ
ÿһ֮ͭµĺۼǰһҪĸһЩҺۼ֮ϸŵĽԲڡ
ԭһǳǳǰ͹ƽģһƽĽһǳɣһΪģݺصһߡ
ʧܴˣЩΧ֮˾Ȥһ䡰ڤ粻顱Ҳͽɢȥˡ
ϾǿǱ佣֮ýɵķʱֻߵ˵ȱԵüΪӺ
ִھŵ磬ǽճһת˲㣬Ȼ˿ȥ
һбб̳һʮʮɵھŵɵĽάֵľһЩ
ҲֻһЩԶûдﵽ˵ĵز
̾һڵϿʼˣ
ʱΧ̾ɢֻʼפۿĺ³ԭء
Ǻ³ϼһ飬㻺ǰ࣬뷢԰ףͨɢԨͣŵϢȻһλΪĸߵĴܡ
ϷΪޣͬ㲻һŵģƿԹŵͨһԲ֪Ǻ³°ڽʯ֮ϣ˵
ڵϣ˼λүһ˵ļƣһ롱ƣ޷үܽ
Ǵүˣдҵ֮ǿңųϣΪƿڣչͻƣ˭֪׺ɣƹأȥˡ
ԭӣʱѾ뿪ʦųȥŻˣϾȥˣʦͽҲнԶˡ
Ǵүǿճˣÿռİñ㳡赶ο塣
³һƿǶͭٶལ̸ֽҪѰͻƣϷõķӣȥ̨֮˴ôܣಫ֮㶨ջ񡣡
Ǻ³һƼգ൱ˣæⳤһ񣬡лָ㣬ȥ̨֮ԡ
£˫ָ𣬾ƬҲȲˣֱе̨ĵط
̨ʦԭŲ迴ɻղֺͻȻ֮䣬ǰιһӰΪǴ
˭֪һ룬еĽսʣǰһˣųʯֱ˵̨
ʯϣת˺üȦһ뼴ڵصʱʦۼֿشȣʯ£ס
Ȼһһ֮䣬ʯ㲻Ӱ
ֻʦֳһҿۼֿ졣
һ˫ۣȥ顣
ټϷȽʯľֱֹʮʮķӵɡ
Ȼһ룬һɵʦ֣ӣһ䣺Ǳأ
ֻǰķ֮ϣӻˮʲôһӦȫһһۿȥҲһ϶
û뵽ɵʦ֮£ǱľȻǸݴռǡ
ʦӣڴǶ淭һڷƤĲӣۿɼĳһ
ӣѯʽ˭Ժη壬˭֪һ룬ʦĳĬˣ࣬Ҳ
ʦӲͷƤʦãԵȣһұ
ʦһͨң̵Ǽǲַ֮ڳıʡ
ʦ˭Ժη壬ʦΪ˭εΪ
࣬򽣷壬ʦл£Ϊ
Ǻʦ֡Ŷһɫ糣һһЩ¾ˣЩϢԱ㸶ڱ£˼һǳɡ
¼ϣʦֳһָǽ̨ǰ治Զһ̨ȹ˵µʮͭ󣬲ʸ̨˱ԡ
˵ʮͭҲ޿κ֮Ķ̨Խһ𣬱ܵȫʿ׷һʱۼＸ㶼ȥһԡ
̨֮ϿǵۣټЩʿķʺͬ浶ǹĴ򶷡
һҵķͬ˼ҵ޽޽ɱҿ
ƫƫЩʿ˲󣬾ϲ̨ȥ˼ҵɳִ˲ƣ
һ֮ʱʱмʿȱ첲ȱ̧ȥҩ壬һʱҩΪһµĵӱ̧
ʹ˼ʹ̨֮ʮͭÿΪȼͭѶҲͬʿֻйʮ֤ͭԼȷʵмＸ󣬲ų̋
һʱ䣬֪־޵ʮͭǰֻ̨֮һ֮ң
ںѣʦֵʮͭѶĸߣЩŵӵһ棬˳ЩͷҲعһġ
˵Ͼǽޣ˼⣬ʮͭûʲôѵģ
лʦ֡л꣬Žʮͭ˹ȥ
ͽʦԭһˮһįѩͷһ۲ӣ૵콣壿
ЩΪ⣬ΪŵӲµĶ硣
һ룬ڿл¡ʱвˮֱ˳
УûǸĸðлͽܣʦһͨ⣬ڳԼĴѶ򣬴ѶԼʦ㣺ʦ㣬лͽˣ
ʦʮһš
渽һ٩лͽһ£ʦ㶼֪ˣ
ÿҪֵ̨һձ£ʣʱųԻ׼լĵʲôҲ֪ˣǰҪ

ʮ̨֮ͭ²Զƺ˹ԭжΡΡͭտһ㣬һ˲֧
ʮ֣֮ͭԣͬ󷨲ͬǣʮͭҪʿݣͭԼԽԵӵĿ˴ͷβɡ
ͭ˲ݣųһ׼ԲȦ˷Χ¹Щͭ˵վλҲʮֽɹ˿أס˽˷е·ߣȽֻܺǽ浶ǹĸ񶷡
ʮͭͨͨɫҲѰɼĻͭһɫ
֮ϲ˽۵ۣһЩձĺۼǷ޵ĴΧ
ȥʵЩã̲סģͭȴž޲ס֮顣
ͭ˺֮ǰ㳡֮ϵͭ˲ͬͭǳĬģһʮͭΪʿ칤ǿи˵ɫʣĳ˵һֻ
УŽŵоźӧǹġ
ʮͭˣŵıҲͬ


54 
Ŀ֮ʮ̤ͭĳֹĲ߹
ͭΪͭ죬˵ӦüΪزŶԡ
ͭ˿ʱһʼǼΪصģж࣬ӯýȫͭ˱Դıԣͬʿ޶
ҿƮƮҪϸȽϣֿԱɴö㳡Ŭʵ㣬һЩѧϰŵӡ
ͭŵ֮ϱ鲼һĹʵ޻֮£ϸ۲죬ǿԸֵ֪ķâ֮ġ
ȻʮͭˣѪġ
Ϊ˸Ŷѹֵʮͭһ˿ɶֲǻõɫʣʮͭϵıʮ־ʣֻʮϣȻʮһ޵Ļ
۾ȫһ߿ȥħԵĻȣʮͭ˶ʮŻһ˵е㾫Ⱦζ
Ҳ֪ʮͭ˻λ˲ţǽĶߣʮһ޵Ļľ뵽

㳡֮ϣԭ֮ϣһƽͽһ磬ƽʮϲȱ£֪֮˭ڱ߶ң
תһȦԼʲô£ǿɺȥˣҲǰըԼʦ¯һ׳ҭӭᣬһĸ̾Լͽʱ˲磬ΪԼһ
֪ģ֪Ŀը¯ƵʣΪʲôŵתһ˼ըأ
ΪԼżŵʦʾϣȻôԸҵͽܣԻһºˣҵʦͽܣҲΪʦ˴ã
⡭ֱǴ治
峤ϱȱͽͷˣ£ΪһУµļȻͬ˱ȲͬΪһѳ½ϴѥӣ׷ܣ
ûûСȱͽڵһԣֱԼ֮
ԼĪʦɣ뵽ȻֺܿǣҲܲǣԶҲпܡ
Ͼͣ޷ӵָһȱ顣
˵Ҳȫȥ޷Ƿĳõ곬ɹһͷϻţһ㣬ҿ007꣬һԵرˡ
ºÿԼʱ·߾һĻʱҪ̲סԼһ䣺ԼΪʲôּķҪԼȥأ
ǿ׳ƣһ£һԭءžһ̱ȻͷƸϣԭط·һ
ԶģųСɶɶħֲɱ֣ǳŹ졣
ɱС죬Ѱֲֲĵ˵΢ģǶԶǾ޴һǴ㵽ͻơ
ʦִϲþȫһȦ˭֪¿ͷѣʦ㷢ӢѹۿԼֲֲ½չ˭֪һɹһ̫Ĺ򣬾ѼҸ͵ˡ
֪ԶģĵһŵĨͿ˭֪һһתͷ㱻Զһһֲɱذ޹⡣
Զ˵ֱǿ̹ĵޣ
ջͬԴǿеȰ֣֮Զҹֲһľƣд幷Խ겻ܽ
ԴҲ벻Լ˱߶Ȼ֪ǰһʱʮͭ˿ĳ˻¡
Ļ˵˿߯žͲ˺ù
չʮͭ󣬿ʮ˿ﷳҪֱ֮ͨӸʮͭһݡ
ܵʮ֮ͭϴϢ˫΢еŶ˴ʮͭ󣿡
һӣ֮ϳһ޴ˮĻ
ˮĻĳ֣㳡ˮ˷׷ͣеĻƣҲˣ赶ҲˣԭؿʯҲվӡ
ҵĿ⣬ؿˮĻķ
ԭü򵥴ֱֽͣ֡
ʮ̨֮ͭϵıҪʯۿģ㳡ʿͬѹۿģϾѶδҲ֪˲Լ֮ǰ߹Ŀһ˿΢ˬС
һ߿һڵ˽˭ʮͭûȥʱǱߵʦְ
ձǱ꣬ƽ̫죬̫˼ȥʡ
⻹ʣ΢²¾֪Ŀ϶һȺӡ
ȷʵܹʮͭˣܹҲȷʵû취˭רҵԿأ
Ҳ²£ӵһʮֶͭã
ҿһӡһλӲ˼Ҳͭôһ£Ͼ˭뵽ʮ֮ͭϻһСأ
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û˵õʮͭˣҲû˸ǻͷͻȻܳһСģʱɰһ
̫ˣʮͭ࣡
׼ܺ߷һȺ˷׷׵ͷ
һʱ䣬ظпԼʮͭеĴԩ־
ˮ֮ϣֳӰһŵĵۣһƽƽĺɫ
ڶԹʮͭӵ˽ˮ֮ǲʾʿòģֻˮУݱһģǣ˿С
ǰŵģڵʮͭˡ
Ϊһս˭֪ԭһüгʡ
ʵһЩضϣƽѽǺܵ͵ģɱڽ֮в¶һĨ¹ѩ֮ǰ˵ն
սپĿǣ˵粻֮ͬǰɽһ㿼纣һһһնڿչһһĻ⡣
࣬籩磬ꡣ
ĹӦʮͭͬչһսɱѽѷ֮ʱʮͭ˹¶һս׷׷֮ʱΪļضŴ󿪣һԸ֮ϵС˱׼ʱͨһ콵彫൱̭
һƻ˵ǵϸۣʿвУˣÿһҲôӵһιʮͭ⧲ԭСԼ
ƻ֮пûʮͭ˵һα㱻ɨҶһɨһصıѡʮͭԭ־ƽƽһɾɢ
²ˣǻ¶
֮ϵСҲɵˣԣøʲô
ҲסˣһǾŵӴҴģһԵ˼û뵽Լôǿ
ΪҲҪһսġ
ԥһ£ڽʮͭˣǣݵ𣿡
ʮͭˣǵݣ㲻ᰡ


55 
ʮͭĵΪȴҲ֮˸߳ˮƽ֮ǿиЩԡȻԲ࣬˼ҪԵ˵ʵҲˡ
ʮͭ󱾾Ŵߴ֮ҹϹĲָʲô֮һΪһȺͨԵͭҲ̫ʵ
֮ܶҪͨʮͭսֻôһףսĵһֱӱˡ
Ԥ֮µսִвȥʽͭԭЩ޴롣
ԭ䣿ʮͭ˽һ
ܿϧʮͭԤҪ޷ô׵ģôҲҪͽսܾ˲ǿԡ
ʵʮͭǴ򲻹ģôأ
ʮͭ˾֮ʱʮͭڲĳͻȻ˱䶯
ֻһҧϡ֨һĴ죬ԭɢվΪӪʮͭͻȻߵһ
еͷԣǸʲôǻҲ֪Ļ
һ룬ʮͭһ˵⣬ʮͭ˳嵽һʮ⣬ৡһºΪһ塣
⻹û꣬ͷһУƺǻӦǵ⡣
̧ͷȥֻ֮ϣһ˸ߵСϱһҫ۵ĹԣţŹ֮ͬһ㳯ʮͭ˻۳ǵ˵Ĺ˽ȥһͬΪһ塣
ʱͷԶʺţ˵ʮͭôͷ֮ϻһ
Լʮͭ˼һ˵ڸʲôôһԲϾͻɹˣ
̫ˣ
ҫ۵Ľɫâһһ㣬ԭƺԾһһĵģ·ʲôʲô
ԸƺΪɫ˵ƷѼ
Ѱ˱߱â಻һּǣҰҲ£
˿ĶȥǷذν˴
ŽɫĶģеԣƴĳ̶ֳ˵ȴӲһ㣬ɫ˵Ѽ˿
˶ֻܸıڵȴ޷ڲֺ
ô죬ô죿
Դвķ񣬽˼Ƭ̣ͻȻһ

㳡ˮ֮⣬ʱһƬס
ЩԭԽһͨʮͭɵĵӴʱ˿̶սͣǷ񽻻дϢ޶£һɫģʲô
Žͬʮͭһʱһֻ˱ģɽ¾ƹһҾƶĽֶܼá
ôˣô룬ȴΨû뵽ôһνʮͭɨҶһ㵹һأûгɹ
ֹȫȺͷԼ֫ӵ˼ΧֻԭذͰ쳣
ã˽ʮͭ󣬾⣿
ǵģԽ˵ȷʵǾ⣿
˵⻰ʿǸޣĵƴӶ̩ɽѹһ񣬼򵥵˵һʮᣬѹˡ
ַклͨʮͭⲻ鷳󷨣󲿷ǻΪС̫ˣƴĵױ룬ǸҪʮͭҲǳصģҲǿͬġ
ˣͨʮͭʱǺݺݵĳһͷ콵岻֮ǿء
⻰ֳĬһЩˣ˽סпʮͭ󣬺Ǻͬһ
ǹʱƴɱҪǲǴСˣ࣬ͬȣʲôҼϷ׾ٵģԷˮһģһһƬ
ʵǽĵ׺ܲƽ⣬̲ס
ǽ̫ǿ̫ˣôᱻȫλѹ˳ףһ㻹ֵضûС
һȺȲƽ⣬СڽŤеʱˮ֮ϣֱ˾
ǿʮͭ˲С˻һãԭرһ𵰣롣
ʲôʧеҹʮ˴νʮͭ󣬻ǵһμⶫе֪Ϊ
ʮͭôúõģôͻȻһˣ
û˵ղʦΪѾȫԹˣ˭֪ƽһۣǵù͸
˷׷װĿͶϣϾΪͽǸʵĶСţʱը¯һ㣬Ŀȱ
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˺þͺһ춹ģ˵㣬ǻᾡľؽ
Ҹ꿿֮ϣûԩͷծʮֲͭҳƷģǿҲûã
ڿң翴Ҫĸʹһ㡣
˵ˣʦֵİԻƴϷ֣Ȼ˵飬֣ѾڴѶ֮ϡ
ԩͷծʮͭ˵쳣ҪȥҲһִʮͭˡ
ʮͭʱ򣬱죬ʱȣ¯ٵƷʹԳ֣ҲҪʱ䡣
Ͼһͬڱģϸִ͹̣޷Ҳһ͡
ջ֮һ;
ķǰæµ˳ѧС־Ϊ컯ŪˣóΪȴһ;
иҵ֮ͨƾŰ۲ӵľ񣬽ͬϣ޽硣
˵ߣԻ޷԰Σɱޱǿ
Ѷأ佻ĿǰֻѶǱߵĬһ˲漴֣ˡ
꣺
ϻܼǵõɶ
Ƭ֮ƺ׮£ֻص˵Ĵҵһʱõ󷨡
Ź涨ѶʵȤҾýŶܹʮͭ󷨱ּһ󷨣󷨿ѶȼҲһѡ
ȻʣѾ󷨣һȻ˲õӡ
꿴ǡһʱ𡱳Ĭãûסɻʣ󷨿ҪʲôΪʲôô궼ûдɹ
롣˰죬ظǲʮͭ˵ķ㽫ڵء
źܼ򵥣ȷʵѶȺܴΪʹԶ֮ʮͭʱͭ˳һ֣ԼټвУ֮вۣҲһ·ѹ
˼ֻԶһУڸʲôΪζһ߻һ߱
ˮ֮ϣڲԶ̧ͷǽ롣
ֻһһŻ֮УһǱһ鶳š
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ƣǻ֮㼸һ˸ߡ
֦ӹȻͬ죬ĵ
ʱһƬɻĳ书ٸߣҲ䶳գ
Ͼɲǳصġ
ԭǧ򻯿ȥ᲻ɴݵĽɫ˵ѼȽ֮֯Ǵסˣ֮ϣʼҵ֮֮ͣǰССֱ֣ȭߡ
ƺʲôҪǿƼˡ
ɿֺ
ڣһ죬һҫ۵Ľϳ˷ɣޱȻԻ͡
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ԭΪʮͭ˴ʱ۳һ壬Ϊһͷʮ۵޺࣬޺лŸʽ
޺ͨʲŭһ۱ľս
ࣺ
˸ö˶˵ͭΪʲôȺ񼼣


56 
ⷢһȷʵ˽֪չ֮£޺ͦأֺվֱͨҪΧߵ۾Ϲˡ
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ʮ֤ͭȷ䣬Խ䵱
پҲûа취ʮͭùùܲһԲϾ͵ӿڰɣ
²ȷɲǽķٲãҲŬµģ
޺ϾҲǵһμ̬һһӣѡһ²׼ӦԷν
ǵģϾޱôһԲϾͰνĵϸ
ѩ˽üۡ
ǾӸµĽ޺֮ͫнһǽʱ˿ֱͬӣ֣ᷢһһŶĽ⣬һžġ
޺۾һͲ
ʿֱͬӣᱻķȥҲһʿʶķ
ɵǣѹû۾
νͬһŵвҲԭ򣬽Ҳ
Ͼ㲻ƾʲô
ʱˣȤڵϣʼ˹ĥϾĥ󿳲񹤣ĥǹҲ
ɣȴ޺һоĻһգ۷ŸϹӿһ㷴ӦûС
޺ɶ

ˮ֮⣬ǽ޺Ƽ㳡һƬȻ
⣬ʮͭôͻȻˣϳһδŵĶ
һȺԭؿʼ²ǹһٵʮͭɣ
ҲãҼǵõǺһԹģǴСʱˣ˽ͨˡһλʦּʮͭọ̈̄סпû뵽һʱ䣬ʮͭزͷǽ벻
ⷬ˷׷ͬϾӴʲôУʮͭĵ治һЩʵǷȴܺ˾˽˳ͨʿ
нסһ£ǿ˵ѶȵĻǹƻû£ֱ˳µķˡ
۷׷֮УҲֻ޺ùղǾӸµӣ˲ˬ
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ϲһȻҲһ
˰һâҲ˼һſ
Ͼϲк޲ܵࡣ
˿ǽ޺ͬңңţһ²ŵ̬ڴһλᱬһս֮ʱĦȭƵصȴ֮ʱ
۽ģԭνĽ࣬ˮ֮ڶε鵱Уˡ
ǵģûпղˡ
ڴͷʺ֮ʱӴͳһɫڵĥʯԼһ̳Ȫˮ
Ȼʼĥ
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ĥǽ޵һű޿ΣĥĥĺƺЩ裬ʣСʮĥһָо
ϾڶԵ˽Ϣıò¶ֱֻܷˡ
ʱ˿̣ˮ֮ȺֵĵڵȽĥ꽣Ǹ޺ҲڵȽĥ꽣
۽ڽеѽڣҨһȪˮĥһ
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˼Ƭ̵ѵڵȴһ׻ý֮
ҪȻʵڲ޺ԶԶôõԭǽͷԡ
ǽ޺˵ԭʮͭӣʮһ𣬰˵ӦûһʵķԾܿϧûС
Ϊʮ㵰ӣ㵰
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෴ӦȻҪȻΪؾ֮мǴ׹ģǾ˼һǰһʣµģǶΣյ֪
ָ֪֣޹κ£ֻͬԼֱйأҲҴȥҲҴңֻں֮䣬΢һ£֪ͬ
ǽ޺ĵѾ˲ԣһ߷ɿȥ
ˣǽ޺Ը߿վȵһ˲䣬һĽǶбб̽һһŵǣǽ޺ࡣ
㲡Ҫ½ϤˣʱָʱѲɻҪ¶ŵǫһ
ʱ޺ϵҪȫδ֪ǽһȥԡ
಻УǱͷ­
ǽ޺Χƣô׽˵֣һ̫죬̫ݣҵĻ̫׼Ӧ
һҪǽ޺֮ʣ۾⧲ͬǽ޺ˡ
һ˲쾭ĸսҽʶ
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྿ڸʲôʵеʵĪǱ޺Ƶ־˰ɣ
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ڸʲô춯ְ
ٲ־ˣ޺һˣ
찡Ҳˣһ
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ڸʲô
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Ͼʲôƭˣֻķƭ㡣
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ϵȥڴ£ס߽У֮䣬ĿȻòмֽ޷ǡ
ս֮ǰ˼Ƭ̣ڽ޺Ϲ˼ʣһĻȻҲˮʵ¼ˡ
ֻǺȻɷĴ֣ǰɣ⣿


57 
֣Լ࣬ΪϽĸ˷񣬲Ҽ߸Ӣ塣
ּһ˲㳡֮ϼһƬȻ֮ҲЩһһէ
㣬㳡˲ڴӹҲûм
ô
仰ǴҶԽĵһӡ
ǽ޺ɢʱʮͭ˱ɢĹâ֮л˳ֻ֮ͬǰҶ̬
ʱʮͭˣǶĵڵϣһ֮΢ЦĻҲٻͨ͸һӶܹһį֮С
Ϊ趨󷨵ʱȻҲһսһʽ¼뵽֮С
һ룬һȺͷɥͭͻȻмѿ
龰һ㶣Ϊǻ£ʲôУָڽ֮ϣʶν
Ȼ󣬳ϵǣһһΪԿ֮лȻӭչ
ⳡϸϸۿȷʵе˾ï}ûţϾĳһʵЩˡ
ĺ޸֣µΧʮͭתһȦʮֵ졣
ʮͭܣ㳡֮ϷõˮҲɢڿлΪһʵˮһһ˿ĺۼ

̨֮ŷļֵ㡱һߺȲ裬һ߿ͨ͸һɹõϢ
Ź涨ÿһֵ̨һյıķǳΪլĵ
Լһֻķޣȴǿÿ˶Ҫֳ䣬Ϊש׳޻ڸ
Լʦ֪УȽչÿֵʱ´һԷֵÿеһ졣
Ͼ̨֮ϱҲֵΪʿҲһʮ춼³һ˼˴ܵģȻһЩսķӡ
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աܡõɫΪʺ죬һλεġܡ֣˿˱û֮һһҪһѩǰܡ
귭һҳԼӡһϢнһȷ֮ʱֻͬȻͬǣһýɫʼնһš֡
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ⱨ֮ѵһֱֻС͡ܡʲôʱ֪֮¶һš֡
ʱг󣬳ڴ˶δ֪ľηУջӡһҳƮƮֽ˼á
£Լ򲻿ɱ
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Щˣ㱻䵽Ļ̨ϰλϣϰǺ棬ǣǸ൱ϰ
ࣺƽ䲻꣬˾츳ݵ޶˵һжĺϳɲ
ȫԱܺӣͬ˽ʱ򶥶һЩѧܺӲͬЩܺǷĻԭͷðɡ
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յ괫Ѷ֮ʱںѶԷ˿Լ˱Եޱȣ
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˴ѶϢڴѶ֮ϵĶԻУһҷɣۻĿϾӡ
Ӧĳ󷨣ԼϾ޴˵ģֻЩ²⣬һʱ֮Ҳ²ʲôۡ
꽲ı֮ϵ״֮ʱ꽫ŽͬʮͭһüһĻּ˼ǣšû⣬µһزʵһ㾡ͨС
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뵱̨֮ϵĵһ뿴Լֺλ콾һ߾ڰ֮ϡ
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Լ̨һνн൱ʱ˱ʹӡľ飬ŰŮ۸ʲôһҪùĹԭŮʮ֮ͭʱ㱻˰һ
ǵŮؾ֮зɻϺĸǿһĴ˹ǱŮǿϽŵһҺĸĻм֮Ůʾл֮ϵһö͸ŮŮֻٰܾ֮¡
Ȿһʮľ飬֪ͼֱҪ̫
ΪŰŮ±ض˼򵥣Ҳزһͨӡ
ԭǽѩᰲźõģҲǰ׼õģһ
ԭʮͭ죬ûֱ㱻ѩٱˣ˵Ϊ˹ʮֶͭΣϧ͵Էʦ
ԭһκνѩ֤֤ȫҺĸǺĸʹ˭죬ҧԭһڡ
൱ʱֱĿɿڴģ⹴ĶˮƽļûҲʦ
뵽ڣеõһ֮Ũҡ
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ˣĿǰ֮ϵǵһ
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ÿһһ̳ĵӣҪŵʦʦǵĶȤζ
Ȼ󣬽࿴̨֮ϣ߾ӰΪӡĵӣԥ䷢Լս롣

̨а֮ϵĵһк֣ܶƾʵģ㣬ƾԼĺĪ͵аĵһġ
ܵһԭܼ򵥴ֱΪǰˣԪӤԪӤʣģȻ˳µĳΪ˵һ
֪Լһã˭뵱һأ
ˣÿձһεѩƬһԼսʱûѡʵ޼ĵڶѡһֺһעԼս롣
Ȼһһյ̨֮ϵˣ룬ֱһԼս룬죬Ҳһλ֮϶๶һ졣
ûϸ֣Ӻԥؽ˽Լս롣
º󣬼ӻԼʱ˿̵·̣ڵɵģҵһƺţȴû뵽Ҳˡ
ĵļ


58 
ʱ˿̵ļǲ֪ЩģЩմմϲ
Ͼڵһλ֮϶๶һһ
֮ǰڵĵǻʱһλΣ̨һ޾ҫ
κԼʵã֮ǰǸһڵϱеᣬǽļᡣ
춼ڰ֮ǰĵһڶԭؽȥԪӤˣȥ﷢ⷢŬܶ¶ԪӤһһڽ𵤰
˵һȥ£ϾûԶڣԶ˽ڡ
Щ͵ſһ㣬һһĹġ
Ǹ࣬ڴ֮ϸҵԽƼνȥһˣ˻һ
ҵ죬һޣǾǺx2˫ĺ˺òã
Ϊһޣƽ壬̨֮ϵɱ˵ǼΪúƽƽǱҪͬȺ޿ɺͬϲǵĽǰ̵ظ
˵лл£лǰͽΪӾ;ʮֹˡ
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׽ⶫѡ
Եʿ֮ؾ֮м׽޲ݷ뿪λ׽үԼһ
Ӳ⣬𺳣ڵһһǿ
ΪһԶѾǼΪˣϾźúõ廪岻ȥҪȥֲֲҲһģҾСϢ˵Զֲ˻ֲ˾һֲɱֲֲ֣ŷɥӡ
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һˣڲԶ
ǹǼ֮ϱãת˲Ӱ١
ɫŹ֣ĵǰɣôʵ

ԭˮ֮⣬ԾԾԹսλӽסĴ̾˻ӲӲν֧֧㶣ģƫƫڹ꣡
̨֮ϵıҲǿͨˮΧ۵ģֻͬʮͭʱѲ̨֮ͬϵıȶҪʯģսƷͬѵʯҲͬ
㳡֮ϣԼִ֮⣬ۿ˴ҲһΪ˼顣
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̨ڿУǷڵƺͬ
ˣЩ˱һð˼
˿ͬͬȼĲѡһ˼𵤰һͼøԶһͣ㣬ȡ
ûȻͬһһͣӺεΪ֮һһŵӿ󼰵ģԲ
һڻڲɣ


ȺǴֽˣûлڲҲûԲûоȡ
˼ԵʣȫѶ֮ϷѶϢ
Сѻ졿ͨʶʦˣ
Сѻ졿죬Ѿ㵽Ƿˣץ
Сѻ졿ǣڸʲôôظ
žһ㡿е£ܹһܻ
Ļ̨֮ϣ֮ϵѶϢһ
⣿
СԴӣ벻Ŀǰʲô£ͨʶҪҪ
ϾǱץסӿΣһǵһ죬ִЩ϶侫׼ɱӺġ
̨ͨʶʦϿȻˮɽ׵ǣϿβȴܻ
һɫӣ룺ˣɣ
ջ򣬿ǼӲڹһļӣԭأȥɽԨ
ż̽Ҳ̽̽һڹǵжӲ
Ͼ̨֮ͬ˱ƴǿ㻹ʣ¶ŵƵġ
һʼƾ·磿
ڲͬˣĲĿǰʱ䣬˭֪ͨʶʦͻȻ迪ʼ˭뵽
ľã㳡֮ЩûзʲôϾֻһԹߣ޷㵽
ͬ뽻ֵļȴˡ
˺ÿһ֮ͬǰȣҪøӺ֣ҲԽԽ಻˴
ӣ֮䣬Ǿʲô
֮ͬǰֹĽһȳ޻صĽͬΪϲӶȥƽƽһϵӵȴǺü硣
һֻһ»ʲôü£һǼ׵ÿӿˡ
һݣ֮˼֮ɫ˼ּɵ
ָΪצĹǵֱ֮ϱسϮ
׹Ψһı׶˱жΪٻ̩ɽѹһнԴƣֻۼŹǵ
һǼӵĴɱУıһеС
ԭΪѡԭȨͳȥ̨֮Ǳġ
ҪȻһ׹צ̩ɽѹ˵ҲҪڴɸʮ¡
ֻ̧ۿڵ۵һƬݲȡ
ˣһֲڼȻֳ


59 
ⱾˣմʱռϷ硣
ΪȽҪߡ
ҪǣһޣͬȼʿбȽϵĻΪһǷһ
֮Ĺһ޺ܵ͵޺ܸߵ޹Ԫ
˼壬ͨµĹǼױˮֵ˿ӡ
֮ǰڽ𵤰԰һޣӻɵһϾλԻܣÿ̨֮ӣһԲϱ㿪ʼˣֱӿѼӿӰ

㳡֮ϣһλ׺ʮɫɫ۵Ůޣ龰Цһ˲صСʦôǹǵʼ̩ɽѹҴʱǸ˿һ̨ȫ̼ӰôǿҲɣ
Ů޺ȵģﻹһ̳ӣ֮Ϲպ죬ѩ־ȥΪ
Ůһ£һߣţӴⳡҶҪͬúֽһ
˱֮ǰ𵤰һ޷˪Ϊ״ӣǰƹ
ֻǰΪԵľƹԽԽͬԽԽѣԽԽ
һеĸԴǷ˪еһŻϵиϣ˹֮ǰҾͨתͨˣ˪ÿͬǿнֱʹһ
˷ԪӤ񣬱ԽսһλΪԪӤڣԪӤǰʮʿҾ֮£䵱ն£ԪӤĩβһԾǰʮ
ͽ𵤰ʱʿϲͬʿԽԽףԪӤڣʿ㳣ƿڣƿڣκ飬֮ϵҲħ
֮ϵĴʦ֣״лҲħԪӤΪô֮ãǰһͻħԪӤڡ
ߣʦдܣˣ˵ܿܿͨʿ
ˣԪӤ𵤰ǰ䣬൱̶ػأʲôıʣЩˡ
˪ԪӤ񣬱һ·ɱǰʮʮ־ˡ
ʱ㳡֮ϣĿȴˮ֮Ͻͬⳡ֮ϡ
һУλʦһĴȣ̾ʦ⻵ˣӹǵ֮ѵˣһۿȥ֪Ҫԭصս֣
Ҳһλ޿ڵ
Ϊ״ӣϳϮһȻҲϮʦͳö⼣߰ߵͭǮڵ֮ϣĪ֪ⲻ֮ض
ôܣǽʦЦһӵˣԭظǱһǿ׺Ⱦƣ
䣬ˮ֮Ϸʱ䶯һѩɫԼӺĺ룬ͨڼؿ֮¶һѩɫǣѪȪһð
龰״°ͣλʦ֣ʱ̣ʮɫһΪÿһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ƿڵѲ⣬кþԸ˫ַһ֮

̨֮ϣʱ֮ƱãӴӷŵռϷ絽ͻȻҲֻһ˲
⼸þһǰҲһƬڣ
ûв͸ǽȻҲûо԰ȫķǼƳɵ˿ȻҲǾԷһڵġ
Žͬӵһν֮ʱҪ֮̽Ĵʱӻļһ˲䲻̫ıˣǺ֮ϹǼ׵ĻָٶҪԴҪһЩ
ˣ϶֮ӹǼ֮ϵҪϡ
ӶԺ֮ķܣΨг䶯֮ɳ롣
ˣӶǵ̩֮ɽѹ֮ʱûеܿ
ʯ֮䣬ƾ֮ǿԶȥģû㡣
ΪΨлӶǵ֮ʱͨעڹǵ֮ϣԷһЩԺ֮Ľ䱸
һǧѷĻᣬᣬ´α㲻֪Ҫȵ£֮ͬȥǵġ
ˣϲãҲϣսپҪȻȴıǺ֮ǰĽһľԭֵ̭ľ档
һþȫвɹʵǵȴŲæֵس˾Ž
Žŵ磬಻żӺϮ
֮׶򣬳ھŽʱ򣬽ͻȻг޷ԶһԽĽ֮
һǸһ㣬׷ǰİ˵磬һ佣ʱʢ
Ƕ佣֮֮ǰ̬öҪʢǷ֦Բ
Ƕ佣ڼĿ֮ΪһѩɫУ֮Ͻ罻
Ͻоŵ׶һһ·£֮ǹǼ֮ĥһ󶴣г롣
壬ټӲҲͬǼͬնֺεȷֱ֮Ӻġ
յһУǴŶĵĳɷ֡
ǹǵƿճ֮ʱ±ĵֵزѵ
ҹǵΪ޵ͻȻشԭƫƣӹţֻͷһ˿ڡ
Ȼɽһ㣬סԼĿڣڵأǼҲһˡ
Ϊޣ˵ҪɫƽֻɫԲ԰һЩһҧгԹˣɫʮƽϾһǣľͳѰʿ֮ϡ
Ϲһ˿ǳЦźͬǿнãʦòΪޣǺÿĽҴ˷ȷʵǼ˸ʰ·ˣʦʦλ£ҶҪٺʦֽһ
սڵ࣬ʦ򽣷л¡
Ŷлظһ䣬ͻȻ쵽ʲôԣɫһ˲÷ǳŹ֡
ȵȣн࣬ʦ򽣷л£ⲻǸһžͽǷ
ʲô˾ǰ
ӱ̨֮󷨴ͳȥһ̣бֺڣһսҪϸԷգԷֺš񡱶֣˼ҲһǸĲ񰡣˵Ǹأ
ӱͳȥһ룬ࡰžһԭԵڵأ¼ӿѾǿ֮ĩˣһֱҧ΢Цš
ʦ֮ʱѾεĿ̫粢ˣû¶ʲô©
ιȥǰһ룬Ȼ뵽ˣԼͨʶô죿
̨֮³潻֮أ·ʲô⣬ҽһֵεڵλҽһλʦ£̧ϵܣ̧㳡һߵС¥֮ϣһλҽдҽӰ̧ͷų̈˲Ųһʱôô̧ˣ
ˣΪΡ
ֻ̨֮ϣһ̧żӣһ̧Ž࣬һͷһͷԵĻܶԳơ
ƿȥѪģҪһЩҽޱְ䱻˵غᴩһԵʿҪЪϢһ£ǸޣƤģһϸҩˡ
Ŀ䵽ϣ֮ʱȴ˫ֽճ֮ϣֺ˽
ˣֻⱧŽֵĵУһޡ


60 
Ϊҽߣ仹ֵ̨ҽޣ龰Ǽֲ
˫ȭѵ֣ⲻˣû硣
λʦü΢壬λʦ¡
ΪҽߣƽֹڻõĲˣǱҩض
ⶫԶҲû併
±ʱжһʱѪ̫أҩȥˡ
£ݹȥҩȸһš
ҽޣֻҪһֱ֢״֮Ͼҽ汲ǴĹأʹ̫Ҫҽʱѭһͳ
ʦÿһ۽࣬ʱɫ԰ףȥҩ֮ǰһ䣺ʲôʱѰ
һ֮󡣡
Ȼһ֮󣬽תѣһ˲䣬һ䣺ʲôʱ
Ȼ󳶹һѶϢ˿
ңͨʶʦһĥ䣬˰û㵽ͷϡ
Ҳдϲ
Ӵӱ׼
һö䲻شϮƫжһԶĵط
ǽͨԼ磬ԵĴĽ벻ͬΪ£β׭ǳһ·
ǳּȣû봰磬βȴ֡
˲˼ǣöӳ뵽룬ȫ̶Ϣġ
ʱڴϣתֻһλҽڲԶϣͷҽ飬ͷҲ̧ҩûȣʲô
ʵúá
Ҹʱ䡣࿪ڵ
ŶʲôҪȥһҩĵʱ䶼ûУԣҽֿ̱
ͬҽ޴ʱһһ
ֻ޿κοڵӿγģͨʶʦˣҼŻȥ
顣ҽ飬ҲҩҺߡ
£һλʦñһҩҩðŹ๾ɬζ׿ֱֱŽǹ
൱ͱһ£ʶˣǻʦ΢Цᣬϸҩˣ
ʲôɣҩľ飿
űӣĿһأӲͷƤһ롰ħҩˮꡣ
ǹζأ·˫ڷҺĺ֮Σ·ÿһƿڷҺڶ֣欵ү氡
ͷ
踺صؽһ롰ħҩˮ꣬׼ˡ
ֻԶ㳡֮ͻȻʷ׳ʣɺ̨֮ϵʯܰ룬Ų֪Ĵ
ڸʲô
ͻȻĳֲ̫õԤС
ʵ֤Ԥûд
Ȼֻһʮڴһ㿪ʼϲ򽣷彭ȡ𵤰һ
Ϊ˷ֹΣƣһαһδ󣬴ڡ
౾˳ˡ
ֻƽƽӸΣûҰ

㳡֮ϣһȺȺֵΧȺⲥʼۿ
֮ʱǾоˡ
κһֱûˣͨһ˵ǽ˵˻ԲϺţܸһЩʵɡ
˷Χˮ֮ϣԼӺȻνŵ߽ƾһʤڼӣ𵤵һλΡ
ŵһ죬˽𵤰һ
ˣе㶫
һޣһȥΪĽޣһʱ䣬෢ԼսѩƬһ㣬һһ⡣
ٴʱ򱻿Ҫ
һЩԼսֻЩ˵ͷһɫһѰѳһۿȥ򳤻ֽ̣涷ޣ·ڿʲôչһ㡣
Ҳʲôһ족һʲô֮ģһλԲѵһڵһޡ
ͦţİ
ʱϾˣĿشͬСѻ족ĴѶ
ղţһѶϢλϰûðˣ
һϵĹðɣͨʶĽϰ˵ǽƼԲзۣǸޣһϵķޡ
һߵһ߲¶ۼشƼ䡣
ΪΪƼĵӽ࣬㵽ʱڶЩʲô֮šܼ̳нƼ佪²֮Ļ
֮ڴȻ벻̨ǽϰȻףһӣڱǣҿүʱնܶȡ𵤰һλΣ
ǽԣԱˣʱһǫѷǲƵش˼ֵ֮ɫ
֮ʱƼ̨֮£ƽеһ򰮴䣬ֻа¾ģԼնҪȥ̨֮ǳʦԼΡ
Ѿ𵤰һԼ֮ˡ
ʱλϰ⻰£Ǳ̨֮ʮ³ȱϲ򽣷彭ȡ𵤰һ
Ϊ˱Ȼ顣
ҿĸߵһһǿ
򽣷彭࣬˸λ˭
һŲüʱձý𵤰һ
һʱĻ̨֮ը˹һ㣬
УɫҲüΪѿ
Ȼ󣬽ţҷ·ʶʲôͻȻˡ
ȵȣŵӰ˵ʱ˿ӦöĻ̨֮ͨʶΣȻȥ̨˵һӿˣ
ӵĿŵͨʶϰѡءĸּҪдϣСҺΡ֮⣿
³Ӿɺޣֻͨʶϰɫ̣ʮʰ쵣ȻͷͻȻðɸߵĻ档
ϵĻðɡ
յѶϢ¿ˮ̵ػһ䣺һҰ

ִóϽӵͨʶϰľٱһӿӵȫڽ֪ӡ
֮ǰЩӿεҲ֣ҵʱ򣬽һȺΧȺһ㳡ܸ֮µϣյɹ̫Űԡ
Ϸ·дż֣Ȼ׷̼͹᳹ඣ
ǻ³ϹϵĹƤݵϣôϣ
ǻ³ϺȻ֮ǰϰԶλִ
³ԣǺһЦעҪϷôһˣ
ɲأ룬໹ִһͬȥ
֮ϣʮһȫȻƼǸС
ͬᣬܿƿĿ⣬ؿϡ
һܺͨʶϰݺݵؿλѧɫʮѿ
Ȼžһ£ͷɸߵĻ档
Ŷܸӵع̾û뵽Ȿ£˲ò࣡


61 
˵ãֻôһ˵ͨʶϰͷĻֹð˰磬аһ㣬жɳ˻ӡ
ûһһ߿Ƿһߵ̨𵤰һҲ̫˼
㡭ͨʶϰִô꣬δƤ˺βĵӣһʱ䱻˵ˣָסָŽࡣ
д޺޵
ϣôΣҲϲ
ƽԸԿˣ༥Ҳͨʶϸǽİǿ
̨֮λϷԭſֵ˼һ䡰¡һ£ʶƼ䡣
ӵİ£Ϊû˵
һʱ䣬˷·˽ѧǣĿȫͶ˽Ƽ䣬дŨŨİζ
ҲǣϾԣ䵽˴ʿҲ޷ףĿ֮Ҳ˼˿֮ɫ
㿴ţǽƼ飬ҲҲסˣĿ⿴ͨʶǸϰ͵һɺԣ
һɺԡСֹһ䣬ҿ˵ûͦоݵġ
˵оݣлʮֵĳ棬ӸֽǶһֱǸ˷θ
жֻͨʶϰһˣ˵ȴЩ޹ӡ
Ŷԣ£ڿ϶ʲô
ͨʶϰ˵ҲһϵΪԼĸ֮ϵ̫ϳϲôһǮٵλĺò£϶缸ֱ棬ҪȻϿУͱ˰˰ٴˣ
֮λ̫ϳɫһ䣬֪ԼܵǵУҪȣһЩϲ̨Ļѣλص档
һЩһ֦ͬĳҲ׷׿Ҳҿǿϵһʱˡ
ûҵĻ̨ѧʱΪſγ̹ڷζͨʶϰΪ˿Ҳ˵Щ޽ܵİԡ
һʱ֮ﲻλαؽƽأ
ʹʦȱҲ˴ţӵӿΣдȶ

һһУȻҪϵһʱﲻ泶ΪоݣټƽȥԵǹڿˡ
Ǻǣ룬ϹſΣһǵа
ﲻÿһ仰һ
Ե΢ԲһĵָҪʹˣǽ಻ͬһͷһһͦӭѶϵĴͷ
ֻǡǺǡЦһ
һЦü΢壬Ϊţȴ޷㵽¹һ飬ȺϵһһͣĿŵϣ˵ǽϰͨʶ϶һЩʲô
ͨʶϰ϶ʱһƬʶֹ𣡡
ϧѾˣֻ൥һţ䵽Ա֮ǰһӸǰģӣãҽ˵һζ׹Ǿ
ʲô˭˭
֪ǽƼ䣬ǰ׹Ǿ˭
ͨʶϰɵˣôַܶԸұأû˵һΰ
ʱϲò൥һһʰ鲢ïΪи飬ǽȻ֮ᡣ
ͬԽԽ˷ܲͬƼɫԽԽԣеҧгݵصĵزˡ
ΪིһΣͨʶϰ֮ɣϷиϷ
ɷӵǰ׹Ůħִ࿴۾ҭһҪ˫֮ʱڿڴˣˡ
Ҳһ˿Цõ飬һһλ̫ϳûסʵͨʶϰƽ͸ǽ
û
֮λ̫ϳҲ֦ڣ̫ϳϷͷʢ˶ȥˣλһ̫ϳգŭһƣ
Щӽδ֮ͨʶϰǽЩɺͳ
֮һ䣬֪Ӻδͨʶϰ˴ù֣͵ƽʲôʱ򵹺ܻһһѣ
Щ£ǺŪȥҲһ׮С£ҪϸƽϣĴ¡
λ̫ϳرóⷢӸ׸ñӣ֮±㱻ͨʶϰͼı죬ͼǴȥ
ͨʶϰǰٿĪ磬ֻð췣
ĽǷͨʶϰλãȥؾпʮĴš
һг䶨֮ʱͨʶϰң⽲ϰ֮λοƽƽ棬ʵһĥĺλãٴϼԽŵųˣϧһжһ
±֮ʱǱ߽һյֻʮֲƽ⣬ʵвԣĻ̨һӿȥ̨ҲǷ˴ҲӦһͬʲŶԣ
ܹⷣһˣҪҲ÷
һ˼飬㽲ˮƽҰЪĹȥ˵ǿϿεģֲ̫ӶСҼҵģ
˺ˡΪһϺˣҩζԽŨأæȰܣǶ˶дΪһ֮ȻҪƽԴģ
Ȼ˵ùûʣλˣһǿͨʶϰԼ񣬱֪ĶƫѼˡ
ȻһԴǣ˽ӿεĲоȥҪȭˣ˭֪Ľֻʹͣ죬طŷ˼
Ƿ𣬿ǻ²ѧǵУͲòĻ̨ϿΡ
űϾţһ䶨һˡ

Ļ̨֮ϣͨʶϰ;뿪£֮ը˹һ㣬ʼۿ
ЪʱϰԶ˯ûڵأ֪˯˻ǱˣЪ˯ۣһ߱Ĺһ۾̨֮һƬհףʶʵͨʶϰأ
ɫӵһһˣձҪһλϰ
һϰԶ˴󾪣̲ˣϰײ˰һȥ𣿡
˵⻰գΪΪûȰ轭ѹϰԶ쳣ѹ治ѣȺ¾ң
治Ӧöʲôָ
˴˯ڣĿǰһɽ˵״̬Ƕ˽˴ͷβȫ̡
ϰԶӢۣ
ЪΪ
˶һۣԼͬҮ
ڲñƱͨʶϰĥˣ˴ϲϰԶϣɵ֪ǲͨʶΣͽϰǿһһˡ
˵лл࣡

һںɽɳٶȼ죬֮ԽɴϿգͩ޷ҡһǡ
ر㻯һɫСͷԼϵëȥԵС
ҡϹŷѪԾӣȻҲǼݻ֮£ԶԶȥ̨ͤ¥ڲ͵֮չһųɫĻ档
һλŵϻǰֻС񣬡ǱϢˣ
Ŷ̨֮ĿϢ֮˻˫ۣ˫Ŀտɫͷһĺ죬ҷβ֮ϣһʰ쵵ɫ
ǽڴˣϿҵүɱѽһͻͦʱа
ǷҡһĹϤ


62 
Сɣڰ֮лɫ⣬Ϣسһöɫ򣬵ǰֽӹһ˲УһӰ
һһ㣬ۣмһ͹ƽԲס
֮̽以ഫţǾܵģҪϺü㱣ܴʩʲôԣЩҪôҪôıܴʩŵ٣°֤ݡ
ֻĳϴӻȡһöСɾµĳɫԿףɫԿ޷ԶȥԲֻ֮ǡ죬ǻ۵һش濪ʼ򿪡
ȫ⿪֮ʱǵһӹţֻ֮ڻһ󷨣Ӧ˵һ
ǳסˣ⣬ôһһһ㰡ʲôޣ
Ϥֻüͷ΢壬ɫѵЩֻ࣬ڵ֧ţǡ·˼סġ
ʲô·˼ףϴ󾪣˾ҡ̷һµģﻹ̽Ǳһ£˵ʸ֪ҡ̽߻ܵģһ̽Ǳ·˼ס
ƽƽ֣̽ڷҡ̽ڲֱһ档
֮Ǳȥ̽ʿ൱ߵģǱֱǱȡѶȻң˵͹ȥһһ͹ȥһ˫
һǧ䣬ҡһڲȥ̽̽ˣһе·˼ס
·˼Լͬȫ˵֮»ܹڣ˵ǶеĶУ·˼е·˼ס
ˣֺǷҡڲ֮һֻǰƹŵ磬˶һŲ֪Դǰιƾ֮ʱħƾʧ󣬷ҡ±֪ˣιҲ֪
֣ǳֻΪ֡
֪ԽԽ׵ģһ
ֻΡΡؽŵУ۹۱Ǳǹģһһ仰ҲҶ˵һҲҶҿ
֮סֻضķſԽ⿪֮һƣӦ⣬¶ƮƮļֽ
ôŷıܴʩǳӡ
ֽǺͨһֽŷַһֲֽ
дż֣ȥǷܣԣڲֽ֮ɷغһš
дͽľÿλ΢һ㣬֮Ϊ̱˭ϣⶾࡣ
˵ࣺΪŤŤһҲû֮
˵Ъ˲֪ôĹһ
˵ϰԶֵֹģҲֵֹģֲǸ޻ǵޡ
˰ҳֽ֮࣬ǰķܣص࣬һϵ飬յóһۣ츳Ⱥһ֮ģǷҡС齫Ӷɱҡ֮С
֮𣿡ҡĿǲֽ֮ϣֽԵȼһ棬ת˲ҷ𣬻Ϊҽš
̴ٵЦһһ֮Сɽؾ˾ȥͬλڿ֮дһǷ鴫
ǳ⻰һݣСɽؾǸµĵӲμӵһʢᣬȥĶǸһţÿСɽؾиڵӶҪֳһʤ˭ʵ콾һ
˵дһԸΪд裬Ҫ浶ǹļѪģ˵׼ᶯʲôֶΡ

֮ϣ·һλ±ĿտǸŰ￪ɳľûסƿһ
ֻһһµĽ޺ȵڴ֮£ܣľ̳ӣԶԶȥһ̳һˡ
ʦܰſĵôֺȳ⸱ӣ
ʦ֣ҡ½̵طһӣһº󱳳ϣԵɵɵɣ
ãһڱһϰˡ
ʵеΪʦ֣ôܲ㣿
οΪһǷζʦµڽ
ʦܣһΨһһ޶簡
Ϊһĵ½¶ۣһſڱǣҲǣûУϹ˵
ף̾
ŵͷ˵һ֮СɽؾʦȥӲαȡ
֪ΪΣô˴СɽؾжʲôҪ
ҲģʦܣֻȥʦҲŷİ

գͨʶϣ֮ǰλͨʶϰǿһһˣȡǰ֮һλһۿȥֵʿ
ʿԵʿһױһ;ڷС磬һˡ
ˣһʱǸС״Ԫ徭һ·ࡣ
۷֮ͻȻ򣬲һлԵżȻܹݵʿָϽ硣
ʱһ㣬ֻһʱŵһ۵ӡ
ﶼῪһ·ھ۵Ӿţٴžţ˵нĵ䷶
λͷ˿дšھֵһңüͷһ壬Һżп˯ϰԶЪˣͣô˯ŵģ
ţڡúչһϵгƪֱۣ˵ЪϰԶͷƤ飬޲ñҹҡ
ǰȺϬʱƵƵͷȻѧ١
⾭ѲߵִפƬ̣ȥȻγݺ⡣
γϵһ룬ϰԶЪⲻסˣ⽲ϰ֮ǰǸΪΣΪޣ޷Ϊ࣬ȻߵǷһ̾·;ϿϵΣʳ֪ζ
ЪϰԶﰵ¿λжá
ЪſϣĹʹܳ޹ǶԹĲ̣ҲǶҵĲ̣
֪ڸʲô

򽣷֮ϣЪĽͬ׶춷Ƕ£òײȥĴܲ
ܷطҪŷ˼졣
ʦлȻ粽Ϧˣһطͼһڳϵ㣬ͷһɡȥС
лͷҲ̧һӣȥ˵ذϡ
ǵģ˵أŵһͱ䵽һ˵أΪ򽣷ũֵĽשߣһԼ
Ǵһܲӣཫϣ죬һҹ֮߳ɴܲ󹦸֮㶥Ȧȥ˯ȥˡ
˭֪ڶһһ˵һƬǽ塣
ܲأ󾪡
ײʣȺ׶졣
Ǵһ쿪ʼ㿪ʼ˺ʹ׶춷Ƕµıܲҵ


63 
Ǵ׶򽣷֮꣬ͳΪһͷߣ򽣷Ͽ˵ΪΪлʱҲâԼǰȺҫ뿪

زܳǻˣҹԼܲ︽ԼǼܲ硣
أȺ׶⣬Χܲչһս
Ǵ׶俴ȥ͹ˮģĴսˣų˵ʱ˼̫ж֮ý׺˲
ʼ໹Ƿڵ϶׶飬Ǻܿ췢֣飬ȫҲȺĶ֡

Ȼ䣬һһȺ򽣷֮ϴϴ򵽵£ӵ´򵽺ֱذ޹⣬ë׷ɡ
պȺ׶һ𣬾ö֮ѡѡȥֲǱˣǱǶ죬ҿȥһУˡ
֮л֮ͣϣһ£ڴм䣬ͬ׷Ҹϣò
ָ̧֣ӹһâͬһΪ
ͬһֻͷ䲻ֿ˻±״̬ţʲô
ģǴҲģų򣬳¸ҽУһʮǴȡ
ǣЦһԴһ
룺޴Ĵ׶죡
׶룺޴࣡
˽ţۿҪһ¿ǽտ֮ʱл¿ڵˡ
漴֪հ׶쳤ϿɷҼֱ棬Źӿɺã
Ǵ׶ٰ裬һ֮ӻҪģĲ鲻Ըص˽һ֮󣬳˷ȥ
ΣлüʩʩȻ⼸պͰ׶쳤ϰĵã
ʲôĵã
Ǻʹ׶ⲫܵĵãǱܲĵã
һͷˮʦö˶˵ģôҲˣ
ǳĬǽˣǹϿڣ쳤϶첻Ǵо񣡡
šлµͷ
Ȼһӣ֮䣬ͽԭطһ㣬ͻȻ򽣷ߴ
ͻȻƽ֮һʱûȱĸԭӦϮһæ߶γһϡ
򽣷ߴƣǱѩأȷǵĺ˴ȴǸߴʤΪ¾
ֹ¾֮УɭĽ⻷ơ
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ȥһŴ׶籱Ϸһ㣬Ⱥˮˮѵˮһ㣬ӯֽý
ʵش𣺡ҿһȺ׶ڷɡ
ֲһ䣺ɵûͦƯ
뿪ԼһЩ׶׺Ŀ̰󣬽ֻ׶ɽ֮仹м˵ζ
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˵գл±һһԾ֮£֮㱼ѩ״Ѷ֮Ӱ
˵㵱ѩ׺Ƴ
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ģǺǸ򽣷׶죬Ž¸ҽС
ս֮󣬽࿴ԼĽ⣬þòƽΪʦñǺԼñǴ׶죬ѽҲû㳹װɣ
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Ǹʦ׶취ɺࣿ
Եл»صһúǺֻܶһǧǰʧֻãżȻؾ֮п̽һµӰ񣬲
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Ҳһ޵򽣷ز׶ˣ
Ǿܹרҵѵģһ뵽ԼƮƮʦӽ֮ʱϱһ¸¡е򽣷ز׶죬ûססЦ
ֻЦһл²̲ؿһ۹
⡱һˣû뵽ʦͦżġ
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ҹζǶʹ׶

գսٷУ
죬࿴Ⱥ׶죬Щᣬ⼸պʹ׶춷ǶȭһЩϧ֮С
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ࣺɶһǻι˹ι˴׶죡
Ļ̨ڣԽ˴ιλ۷׷ס
죬ҿγʮа˾űҪģ
ָλϰҪ䶾أкϷˣ
̨𵤰һλп˰ɣ

ϵԱԽԽ׵Ķ֮ǰǸͨʶϰһһ֮Ļ̨ڶ˵׵һǰ޹ˣߵĵزĿǰλӴ֮У˵ȭɽϰ߱ϣսˡ
Ȼ㴫֮£Ҳ˲ڷ
һ¹ţΪΪ֮ˣΪ˴ҿ̨õһңһ󣡡
ڽշڿҿļʦ֣磬˭ң
˵仰Ϊյ˵ĸͣϾ֪Ļ̨֮ϣ˳۽ֲֹһˣ˭֪һԼȳһƬž
λӣô˵أ
һλĵƴʹɫͷ
ǵӻͷֻһλɢͷİ½ڱĴ֮ϣһһȵɵشţббһѿôֵĽӸЦЦؿ
˲Ǳˣǽࡣ
ǵĵˣôرħˣ
ΪԼһֻƵˡֱԣҴ˿ɲǸӣǷҪӣôҲһӲŶԣ
Լ˵Ҷ̨һңǽѧұһҵ䲻䵱һ


64 
˵գ㵥һţӴ£μΪ㣬ô򵥵һԵĶȴˮ
һʱ䣬֮ϱ֮ǰˣĿ۽ˡ
һʼһĭɬҡû˼
ЦͽĶֿԼ¶ǽĶֺ֣αƽ޹Ҳʹ졣
Щˣ㰵˵ľˣ浶ǹһӡ
ǡ˫ֱۣû˼˵Ҹղˣ
ԽʣԽԵǱ
ĵһ䡰ˡλ
һѹѣͬţαͱˣ
ڵĲǱˣǽ࣬ΪһαӣڽĺûزܷŹ
Ŷ಻䲻Цһ˵Ҹ£
λѱͬţѾ֪ϸ÷һԡ
ŶֱҪ̲סΪˡ
һ²а߼˴һƣԼ÷𣬷ӦÿͿذԼһ͹ȥ˼
ûȻѾϴα˷裬³ˡ
ȻǽӰ̾ĳ
ȷʵЩ˿һΪȴȱԣָаħȥ
˵⻰ˣһ˵һΪǳεؿ˽һۡ

ĳ
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СһǷԹԵ߻ؽҺţȰ˴ȣ
ԹϵϰԶЪԣסЦ
ߵ㳩죬ֻһԭɫѿ
ʮа˾ҪίһȦ׵У˭֪У仰ֱӺ˺Ƥʮ⧲
ڱ䣬ͨʶϰˣһɨڣǳⶼϿˣһȺ˻ڴǻʲô
׻˵úã¹ѻ⽲ϰˣһȺֵ㬻λȥ
»Ľϰд˹ģƽȣҲֻʵʮġ
ʱ˱Ƿˡ
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ʱ̨ͨʶϰΣĵ⽲ϰҲб£ܽôȤĶȤȥأ
ճһͷˣǱӴͳǱƤڵġ񡱵Ĵ
˼ͳһΪʲôؼһȻдšԵҡ˶ʱʮ۾
ͬʱ̲סֹ⡰Եҡôÿнԡ
Ϣسǻ֮һۣ֮ǰһЩĿֺͼҳֽϣһƬհףɾľĿһ
ͷʺţĪԵһ˿԰ϵģ
һҳֽһ󣬽뿴һЩʲô

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Уʲô
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ϰԶһʽӵؼ̧ͷһۣ֪һ½Ĳ˵˯ȥǶˡ
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ӳ֮£֮ϣһ¹ӳյĽ覣һ棬һƬ
ĸ֮УͷԲ½Ѫ죬ڸ֮Уཥ֮С
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Ѫ£⡣
ڽ֮лһƬã纣һĽ
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65 
˿ΣŽͬЪϰԶ˺ƺƵس̨ϡ
ձ򽣷ϹؽգȻ޷̨֮ͬ˴ܣ̨̳֮⼸ѩƬһսѾ˺һ
ϰԶͬսŹҲҪסλΡ
̨£ǱϾѧģȺʲôּΪ棬̨ܹ֮Ҳٸ̨һʱ֮ûǵλá
ˣܣҪźš
͵һȺΧȺһһãһߵ㿪̳֮ϵ̨֡
յȥ棬ûppt
߶һ䣬ŷ̫а
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ŽϰԶԼսʱ˳ϰԶЪ˵ͨѶѡ
ϰԶͷĬϵģûģЪͷ񲻳ĦҮһѰͷ˵Ҳ׵ġһ˹
ڽ𵤰ϣһŵһŵ壬ζͦǰġ
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Ͼ޵Ҳ֪ġ
ҲˣΪһЩɬĽ޵ӿһѹ
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68 
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69 
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洫˽ĸģ
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ҪԵʱڱǽսģǴʱ˿̣ܷ۵ȴһ˿ɡ
ԭһ۵ĵӣȫҩĵӡ
ΪĳڱӻĴͳǳأͻ߲߲ЩҩӽĽҵ
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ڴһҡȼʮɭϣ֮ȼһۿɼ߽׵Ӱռ֮õλãͽ׵ֻڷһǡ
һλµӿԶڷ֮ϵ龰Ϲһ˿ЦҾ˵һҽޣͬ
ٲӣǻӦսɾȨˣ


70 
£µ۵׵֮ɫ
۵ʱһݱܷâʵǺ飬ͬҡ⹷˶ҡͷĹϵ
ڽˣڼ˷ҡս֮ᱻֱʮ˼ֱӽηηŶڳϣ̧ͷ
ڲˣҪӦս
ôǺµӿʮּս֮ǰǰųʶ֪һ۵˶һȺսҽޣֵֹӡ
ͷҡ򣬲ȡ軹ʲôǴˣҲʮа˾ŻΪЦ
һѵľ棬ӵҩ峤ɫӡ
һˣԴҲЩ֪롣
Ǿս٣ʮ̧ͷӦսһȺҽκһȺ޷޴
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⼸λӽҩһİμӣǴ˴ʲô֮
ˣǳиǾᣬ⼸ǳʲô£λȥҩڣ
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ʱദĿľ֮УָӹУ̧Цʵ˭˵ˣ
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ϻ˵һ㵽к汾£
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гһɫһ㳯֮Ϸڣ˵һ赲ļơ
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ǣ֮䣬Ҫֳͬһߵͳ


71 
ʱǷҡ֮ϣ˾ͬţ˴֮ʮлء
Ҷ˭˭һһұҪһ
һʱ䣬֮ϣתŲӰ˴ڶΧ۵һ˵ȿۻң񫡣
ڷ֮һȺȰƽҽޣʱҲʼ˽
˴ȷʵʡ
ûȻҿ̫ȴҲ˺
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ҲĳλϵıչصӣһֱϤθշųɽɣ
˵ʱܴꣿ

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ЪϰԶ⣬౾Ҳ⡣
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ֻҪսõ㹻ƣѩ򣬽һߡ
಻֪˾֮ǰЩ°ܽܵġ
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ˣ۶ηˮɱ죬ڳԣһ̬ɱԼϤĽ࣬ͬԷлء
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ʲôͽͷ𣬲ȡ裬ӲŰˡ
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룬ͷƤ顣
Ƭ̣ҲӦսһǷڵǰɲǰɲǰɣ÷ҡ⣿
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ʲôɱģˡ


72 
һ£Ƿҡ֮˵ɫ类̣һʱȻϣòʰ쵣ǷҡԴ˷buffм˱ԭعð
˵ģû˵ġ
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ĿѪһͻŮɢһ㣬۸ʮֹˡ
أתȻÿһĻ飺ڸʲô
ʽ̫ǰˣⲻˡ
ڷ֮ϣͬҡɥһΧȻͬʱһ֮ǰͷɥӣͷʮָǣ֮ǰǳ䣺
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74 
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75 
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Ǿ˭ʵΪֹҵĺ£
ѵѵܺӣ
ǰƺǱ仰Ȼˣǵұˣ
˵գһƻ¿ʼӣǻһɫǳ׵̻ɫһ㣬
Сģ໰û˵꣬ǰһ֮С
ǻʦȻйͷ۵ģĵŴżһԲϷŸ˭˵ȥ
ֻĿ֮УӰҲС
ֻԼԼǰصΪʲôΪʲôǷҪֹң
˶ֹңҽ㣬ǶҪֹң
ֻҰ˳أʲô

һϵм鷢ýˣΪʲôԲеֱ׳
Щ㲨޹˭˵ȥ
û´ĻӦͦĻҪȻҲ򵥡һþ֮ǻһ
ǰһ㶣ô֪
ͣ伸ʹ֮ο㿴Ǵ֮ϱ㶨޹ӣѵĸԸ𣿡
һʱŬƱֻǽǵһǵв
౻ˣ⻰ƭƭСУһ֫ȫĳˣ㻹Ű
ĸң󷨿֮ʱһǰպЩСܻܲ
⡭һʱĻϡ߻صƵϵ㣬ڿû⡣
ǿĿɺ첻󷨣ЩЩ󷨿֮ʱԻȥ
һֱһӤһӱܵ⣬ڱȽ̧̨⡣
ǻΣͼذˣĿһһٵΪĸ׳ǵĸ
ˡڲװˣ
Ȼ˵ǸĿڻ֮ûֱ꣬ȴɸоͬâڱֻ⸣ҪҪ
һ㼫˽ּȾӤҪġ
ϻ˵֮̽һֻ֣һöУ緱һ֮ɢ
Ȼһ
еķǽĺġ
ȻŽչ¶һʵ֮ǰݵһ竴СľѾˣǰ꿴鲻Խһ˾
ĿŴ󿪣ۿܿҪ֣ǰ۵׻һ˿мΪʲôأԭҲͲˣ
Ϊʤȯ֮ʱͻȻԭŴ󿪺޷Ľ෴ְνɭѩһͻȻתΣһѸײڶ֮ͬ֡
֮£һ졣
ΪƷһ籩滨һ㺮â޵һϮ֮һưô꣡
಻ҵнл費ͣһѤû⣬佣һţһܲ͸ϡ
֮ǰؾǸӹԩͷͬʽԵøΪͨһ㣬Χһ봽ζ鲼ŨĽǮ
Ƿɳһϸ룬鲼â֪ⶨƷƳɵģǸؾԩͷߵ֪ȥˡ
ΪʦȻΪɣԻõĻһԵó
ǰͲһתһڸߴһԨֻϡܿҺ޹ɣ֪滹Ǽ١
һʱԼ۾Լֱ
Ϊ۾ܻƭ㣬ֱᣬԭⲻؽеĸܷ㡣
ϸڽ֮ϣॡࡣ
һƬϸƿ֮Уڷӵ֮Уز׽һλ
ûв´Ǹڡ
˵ʱʱ죬ལ֮ϷһХ
һĬԣشȣʱȻҲǱ˵ɵƳ̶Ⱦˡ
һֻѵİһӹϸɵýسǰķɱȥ
ٶȷɿ죬һգһ䵽ǰüһ˿΢Цϲⲻ⣿
ҵѡ
һѩֱֱغᴩǰǰء
Ѫؿ£½ԳѪ
ش޴Ļɢȥ¶ϰԶЪγ
˵˵Ĵ˵һ˲侹Ȼͬ˴˴òɿѷʤ
ϰԶĵһ˲䣬Ъһ˵Ϊʲôôԭ㰡
ؾ벻֮䣬ƫƫǧЪɱʳ˵ľ񣬶ϰԶںնɱʳĶԡ
ˣɫΪʧѪֽһ԰ףƫƫǻһ˿Ц
û뵽ҾȻСǡ
⻰ɲԸˣ˹ˣҽ𣿡
СǾͨС׳ԭ𣿡
ʲôС׳񣿡Ъʡ
šϰԶСǿСʵܴ󡣡


78 
һһͣ㷽ҵǳֱǰǸλֱð
ΪʲôΣʱһȺ˻лص̽ʲôС׳񣬼ֱǴס
ɵ˿
ϻ˵ǰһ䣬˿֮ԭѪͻȻһǻԽԽһԡڣüĿѪһһٵգζܽҵĴҵ
㻹ʲôҵ˼ˣĵһҪģһ˽һߵ˸ʲô
ʲô괽ǹһ˿Ļȣ˫ƽ̯׼һ㣬ţԭһͷ˿ת˲˰ѩϵŵĸס
ʦͨʶⱾнܹʿ˾ʲôĽ޺͵֮һ
ϾһʿеĹӡ󣬲ʲôѣȻϲʲǫ̂档
ʱĻ淨󣬳ᴩϱ˵·ηγһ޳һķտռ䡣
ϵ£ʱޱߵ档
ѪȾ죬ѪɫȡڷתȻ󣬺󷨶ȼԼ
֮գǳظ֮ʱ
ֵΪһˣô޹գʡ
ʲôֵõģһ߿Ѫһӷ㣬֪֣֮
ͬΪıձǽɣ
ָȺȺ籱Ǩһ㳯˷ǺѪɫǣҺΪ׾پܻʿĻϡ
Ϊʦʽʮ棬ǺʵʷɹҪ࣬˷赲Ҳ޷赲
Ƭ֮ϣ֮ϲϸ˺ۡ
ѪŽָ£ڵء
һһΣ
ĻʱҲϯǰеɽл𺣣һʮܵľ֮С
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˶һۣһѣ࿴񷣬ʡ
кβɣЪϰԶͬ
ȻѪɫͳɵɱ֮Уԭɣͷ֮ϳɱ
ԭҲǣϣþ޵ȫ֮
Ϊ󣬵ҲһЩʵĻģļͷѪɫ״ﶨλһ㣬˽׷ᣬڡ
һˣʱͶ·ϽŵĨͿ಻һˣֱǴʱԭطİ귽
ٶȼ죬ԷûȫɢȥĻ档
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ʦȻһս࿳ͬǺ«ȻֱӰһȺħ
ݰ
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ֻķѵЩ࣬Ҳ鲼һЩ˿ڡ
ֻǰ꿴ȥͲˣ˼ֻʣһڳţƫƫﻹ૵
ܲˣ²۵ڽл𣿡
ЪҲҽйҲˡ
ϰԶԼࣺó
һƬǽ֮ȥһǡ
˵ʱʱ죬һԾ֮£㳡סˡ
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ǸˣϰԶԶС
һڴ磬ֻƴͷ
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֪ΪΣ࿴һֹŹ֮˵ﲻЭﶼ˳ۡ
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⻰ģı仯ԶĽ඼ᵽˡ
ƫƫΪһħˣһ۶ǸӣǿܵĻ˳ɻᴹо𣬰ԼһĶʸʲô
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ûϵġﴹһᣬ֮ƺҲ̺ĳ˳ĶֱͷԻ˯
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һ룬е飬еãһ˲ʧ羣չµĵͼֳһѷƥذס
ֲָΪצᴩĵ֮굤֮ͳһöؾ׽ȥһ̣һϾҶһֱûбʲôڴȻҲ̸ʲôʧ
۵ֳһ˿ţ㡭˭
˭Цû֦Ҳҵĺ÷տ㷢ˣһΪһֱƭڹأ
Ȼ;ƿݣ˻ߵҵȥˣ
ȥˣȻ£룬ҼƤʱ棬ŶˣΪʲôΪĺ÷ֽģ
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֪֮һȺɱɢ޲
ȥ֮ѾȺ°ˣʬѰ
ңңǣǵģǡǺҵ
ǿҵѹȸб鲼˶ԭһֻܶӲͷƤ⿰ȹѪ˵㵵һľ顣
⣡ˣⲻ㻹ܹ˭
˶Բ㣬װһ


79 
ʱ˿˶һۣжΪĿǰʵڲԣ඼һסʲôˡ͸
һ㵣Ҳԭرַѧ
˭ǰȻҵĸףҵĽ㣬Һҵֿ
ͻȻų֪ǿ޻Ц˵ݣҰҵĸɱˣˡ
ô뿪ҵ
ĵһТӰҪ֪ôТ˳ôӵټ㣬һʲôиТ
Ի·ˣֵع˭ԼӤֱ׳
ǰ껹ڷ裬ҵȥˣ
ֻԭᡢػ˵һ䣬ʱ˿ͬһһ㣬۵ǺεĲмͬһ̯ڵϷ⣬Ƿ
ңһЦʱǲװˣ֪
ϽбʩչƤƤҪɢģ˵ƤʱҷǱˡ
ǰ֪˶ί
Խ˵ɫֳһƬҰ֮ɫʬһ㡣
ԭ𣿡૵
ȵȣڷﲻˣ󷨼ȻǸģǸģ
˵ǽ䱸
Ƥ֮ȥʲôаĶҷۿˣһ統ΣȻԱԵѪģһ
Ǹааԩ
ң˵ǰΪ󷨵ۣĿǰˣҲӦһӡ
ȴоԴԴϵͻ͵ٶ֮ǰҪй֮޲
ѵԼ𣬻˵ʲôŹ֮
ĳãУѹȸ޿ײһ㣬ܱ鲼ţ뺣޷ҡֺ
ƺˣͶĿ⡣
ǵһۣĲɣ촽ʱһ»£۵ǺεĴ֮⡣
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Ϊʲô²۵ȻǺó԰ӣʮа˾Ҫһϵ磬ϵ׷ӣǲѷɣ
飬Ҫ
Ъʵʵһ飬ʱ˿ǻ֦չãиߺˣ
ϧԸΥʩʩȻر˹Ϊڸˣʱ˼Ť黨ƤʼŤ
࿴Ŷ}ûţתȥڿֲƬûκΥ͸С
ԽԽܸǹϢѹ
߽ʵ뿴ڵŤĵĳ̬ģܿϧһ죬һأһûһۿ
ĥ֮ʱ࿪ڵۣôɴ֣˺⣡
ۣƺʲôȤ飬ۣҲ䣬һƷδ̫ˣ
¹ģ֮һȫʬ
˵뿴Ϊʹڵһ߿ͷһ߿޵ĳ̬ġ
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˭֪⻰˵ڣ˸ÿ쿴죬ÿصؿأ÷ķ˭ûĶ
пǰԲˬģ˵Ŀҽõ·ˣü΢壬ʹԼɱﵣˣ˭ܽ˸ɱˣҷһ·
⻰ʮգҲʮֵĽթ˵һ֮ٳʿ֮ڧϾȵز˭Ҫһ·ء
Ϊ˻Լϵõͬʹɱ֣һҧɱϷ룬׳ȥĳ㹻ˣȺ˲Ϲ
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Ȼޱܣĳһǰ
һ㴰ֽһһŮƤ
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ҿϢ⿴ȥһħħϢ죬ΪƥеģԳƵһ併άˣ
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вգħѪɷħҲ
⻰˵ƺ㣬ǸǻŮʱûжԣֻǽ˾ĻȻɣһ߷źݻһָԵúף羫һ㡣
Ǽ˱𣬻־ܣ
ˣķɿ˼ʮޣжƵĴ󣬴죬ڱҰר׽ħħɷ죬ֻʱ⣬ڵ˲ӦҲƬ֮ϵ
ԣ֮κȥ
²һ䣬˵˵ħȷʵͦ˵ģ
һ仰ħ𣡡࿴ڵ
Ϊʤȯգħ󷢴ȱʰɣ
ħ˿ôΪ繶Ӳдأ
˵ãһ˵ħ˵£
ŷɶ֮ǰһҪԭħشˡ
䵽أʱ𣿡ϼΪƽʵӣúõɲޣʲôħħ缦ɹƬ̲ð
շޱȵħɥ֮Ȯһ㹶ӲдĴӴܣǽļᣡ
дʱǸޱȡ
ûǴĻףʦԩ֮һǸħĴʦ֣


80 
ĿǰͨѪħתͶ̥󷨣תħűȷϸĻʦħǷˮΪ֣ƶħЧھ
ⲻ㿴˼ұħ𶼼ѹûг·ˣ
ǽļһ˹أ
ȻĵֱԲۣףϻһ𾪵飬˵ף˭
㲻ʶףħ󾪣ħ촵ԼʱʲôţһˣǶŲɣְ춼Դް
˸ӡ
󾪰ſϲħĵӻصħ򣬷Ҫʵ۵£ĭţƤɡ
һڼʲôԼѪ߹󣬻ԼħΪŵȣһʮŵͽΪϵȣһЩӰ˵СΪεȣȼ֮ĩ˵ģЩħ壬ԭĪĻʵ¡
Ѫɷħ𣺣̤Щħħ˵ȥħʱģûѧԼһװ
࿴һ˵ףһߵӣĵҵˣԼΪʱ䣬˵ǲֶ伫ʣ˵λףħһЩʲô𣿡
⻰ʶˣѪɷħȻ֮һᵽ۾͵һᡱһˣħ˭ùǰھӸ˽ǸǵĶУ
ܺħ漴ħΪһҵС
ħĿǰʲôķȺ¹ĵУҲ֪Ͼ˽ĶһѲ֪˼ֵĶλ֪Ĵͬ
׻˵ĺãΪߣһӣʦ֣ܲɵǣ߼ߡ
ҲһһĺãħһȺֻˣħ˽ά
ֻѪɷħ߿ӣ̫ħˣҽأ˵ֻ꣬˭֪˾ͲˣʾûУ˭˵ȥ
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Ѫɷħµ߿൱Уƴճλʦħһˣĺֲܲ٣ħ֮㲻ɶĪ
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ࣺˣҪֵĻȫµֶˣ
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⻰ʵ൱ˣһŵӱɺȥħСˣɽЦݲ䣬ۣ۵ǹŹ֡
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𣬱ħ
Ƶʣֵģһħ
Щ˯ֵӣһ˲ѹ
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磬Ʋ赲
ûԼĽݺˣɽһ۱ϳˡ
л¡ḧһԼĺ룬֪ʲôħҪͷл٣
лҲ֪ԭö˶˵ص㣬ͻȻŹʦħͷ
ħͷ
лãˣⲻǳȥЩСӹҼһ㣬ʮ¾ɵȥˣЩ񶥶ҲһЩɽҰ֣Ҳʲôôħͷڣ
Ǹ֪һ£ⲻ֪ѣһ֪ˣ⡭⻹һħͷ
Ϊħ𼶱ˣΪ㶥죬ħһģ
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һ·ϣлôҲ벻ףƽƽһôһħ
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81 
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˵ùˣͽܣлʱͷʺŵġ
Ҫ˽顣
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лʱ񼸺öӣ˵ֵ
ֹҪôʲôɽҰ֣ҪôɽµĻ󣬸ߣһЩСͨ鵷ҡ
ԣƽƽʵ޻񣬽ôٻһħ
ʮͨҹҹ۲첻ͣסôأ
˺εȵԵְ

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ֻ૵һԣ
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ԭһֱϹ۵ĽƼ䣬Բ˼Ī˽ͨħҺħϵǳ
ⶼʲôʲôűһ̣ص˵ʲôǵִħңͬźηһǵİնҪħ׼֮ϣ
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£ӻְ֮ɣ
ɢȥ૵ħ֮װ

Ļ̨֮ϣ˽
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ϾһγһЩèΪ򵥵ʱķҲǺܶࡣ
һһأ˵ʲôķ࣬ȻǷϺķѵʱոࡣ
ħϢҲûűܣҲʲôܵϢЩҲýи
ʱ˽ͻȻħ
һ֮˵޶Сι֪Ϊʲôһֱû𣿡
Ŀ⿴ȥֻ濿һλӿã֮϶һ㱡Ļҳˡ
Ϊʲô
˲ȥȥ𣿡
·ϵʱ̫˰ɣ

˿ʼۿ˵ʲôĶС
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ħһ˭֪ɫ糣˫۶ؿҲܣƵһ䵨졣
ڵʲôצߣħһɻͷʵ
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ڵʲôĿ⿴񷣬˵ٵһѽ
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82 
һʱŭͷ𣬶򵨱л´µȻ׵ʦħķˮˣпмֽͽ޷֮飡
ࣺȵȣһħʲôʸô˵˼ң˵Ҳʲôöɣ
Ѫɷħ֪ȺҪӻĴܵɣⷬǻᱻݺݶһ˾ʮа˾Ѳˣ֮ǰҲҪһлһ¡
ģҲġ
뿴лƽϳһ˿϶˭֪лɫ糣Ŷһͷβûб
Ѫɷħ𣺵ȵȣô߰³ôһĻôһ㷴Ӧûа
Ѫɷħ֪л´ź⡣
֮ǰܻΪ仰Сһ·˼һǲԼͽܵķ⣬񣬱š̳ȥͽóȥˮԭλ˲ŵΪѾĵ׸ֲκβˡ
Ѫɷħ䲻رĬһ£ʹɱﵣЦһδϵʦͽ˵м꣬ˣʦͽ˼һ棡
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ˣʲôţ
Ҽǵ׽ģ͸һ˿㱡
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ҪûУҪħһֻһֻħ𼶱Ĵħͷ
ˣˣȻ԰塣࿴Ŷ˵
лĵȷ涨Ӵͷβƾһ֮ɣħɱģ԰˵
˾飬лֵǾһǰյ֮ħйǱӦûеļν
˵־Уֲȱ첲ȵģһûʲô𣡡
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Ļʦ˻þ֮ϡ


83 
Ҳĳ̶ֳȵˣ
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ˣӻþ֮ǰѣղܡ
ٳҲվҪѹһ죬õĻþΣҲֻһþѡ
ʱţǳؽѣȻԵҲԿյ
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֮󣬽תͷȥֻһֱͷ֮ǲɵɢȥͷ֮䣬һƬʢõ󣬳Щ顢ӵ
֮ǰЩѪȵ󷨣ħޣδֹǼǵȥ
սõĹ㳡֮ϣԭһƬϱڲԫʱһλϴүһɨ棬һĸûĵʿܴ㳡춼ͱˣ
֮ǰǳֻΪ˱ֻԼڸؿǣǱ߸ĽλڲԶս²ǣ
λܣôսģûϸ˵аԼĽģ
ֱߵĲݴʱ˵ҹһۡѩҹʿýζ
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ֻͲ֪Ĵ󹫼Щˣ֣þò
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ϴļƣ֪ģΪʲôèȱأ


84 
󹫼ɹشüµĻغϣһл¿ˣڻزȥ
ʱǴ󹫼ɱ԰æ̧֮ͷʵųԼϣΪʲôزȥ
ղŴѶµѾźˡ
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ЪϰԶҲһʹߡ
˵˵˻ǵ㿪֮´Ѷ
Ϊ·ݱȽϼ򵥣дţڣͯʧ¼¼෢ɳڳвҹضأûֹͣͯʧ󣬼ֱһ㡣
ЩʧͯļҳͶ·Ϊ¼̫ڹŹ֣뵽ʲôаħ
ϾͯΪǳûб֮ʴԵĳЩϰаʿУͯϺõĲƷͨʶ棬硰˵һ˼ѪܵӣЩаħʿúͯԻ˵һɥĲΪ
ǺƳһӻĳǳأÿ궼ҪϽƳǽ״רŵİ´
ҼѶ˵ƭӲ֪ǹĶͽΪţЩƽȣָߵ͹ƭĺ֮УƽյĺӣҲгҴС㣬һͬʣֺ˼ɡ
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85 
ᣬ·ϷƯܸȤ۵ȴһƬΣյİɫ
һߣЪϰԶ˱²۵
ɶƯûǲŵģϷҿǸʲôˣƾʧɣЪ²۵
ȷʵͬЦΪ϶𰡣
ʼȺӶԳϷƯʮԥΪһαĴˣջ㹻㣬Ͼ֮±·Ƭ֮νƯ㱻߰˰ˡ
Щ֪ģϾʮޣҶһȺӣҲûָܼǵö١
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87 
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ϻһ첻µزµ飬ϾҲЩңҲҪһν飬ΪħͶΪĿ־ֺֻԥؽɴ
üʵš׼𣿡
ʵǴʱ˿Ѿ͵νƯ֮䱬ҵЦһЦܿҵ˵һң
ǣ೰һЦʾʮֲм
һ룬صĺεضûں֮Уֻϡɼ֮зӿĲҰ׵Ķ֫
ֵһ龰ΨаǵſƥС
࿴ֽʮֲʵĶĵⶫôôͷôһҲаһô򵥴ֱ·ڽʲô͡
ôΣҲҪӶȭȥֻ֮ġΪ޴İ׹ǹǼܣҹǼӿľ֦һչ죬һ޴ĹϢظֳ
׹ǵͷ­û۾ֻĵĺɫ⣬һۿȥʮֲ顣
ǸνḺˣʱ˿Ѿ˹ȥ
׹ǸؿŽ࣬ǹճһʮֹ΢Ц
ࣺͷôЦģҲ֪ôЦˣЦúܯ}ˣ
ǰɣ㣡
һ˺ѿľ죬޴׹԰֮£ὣ񵲣֮伤һʯ֮
ĽһֱǺܳĬģԴ˾һͳĽ֮
Сģ
лл磡һһ
Ӳһʱ˿ʹޱȣǿķ֮ȷʵ˵ͷ
һ߻һЩͷʹⶫôôѲ
ֻ׹ǹͨں֮УŽ֮УǺ֮ʱᱬһɾ޴ƺҪҲԨ֮С
һСһһֱڽ˫߳ս
ǰ׹ǹԽԽˣԽԽ˷ܣȻڽʺŵ֮УȻƽֳЩ
зڴ򶷵ʱ򻹻᳤
Ϊ𺳣һ䡰ҿѿڶ
ⷴɲսҲǽڽ֪ƣ룬һΧ޼ɵؿʼƻ
龰һϣСܵĹԶǧƤ蹷һ޲𷢷Ķ
ƽ֮к͵ģ಻뵱˵һ̲ˣǷǰ֮С
۸ӣγһԹд󣬽
׹ǹֳ֮жޡ
ǣֻ֮ǰ׹֮ϣĽ̳˲ĺۼ
׹ǹѡһ򵥴ֱǱǻٻ
֮Ӧϣ¶⻬ƽĽ
ˣ
ĵһû뵽ɥĲ񣬾ȻǨӣֻӲͷƤὣͬһ
ͬʱܵıϢ˷»ۣշתŲ֮䣬Ҳûţڵһ󷨡
ִ֮䣬ɱҪãҲˣ
Ŀעǰ׹ǹƶеĳһʱĵһڡΪʵӵһضϣڰ׹֮˵衣
׹ǹһǰĲڱЩС֮һƵм
ѳһʵĽͷк¡
缲磬Ʊꡣ
֮УгХ֮һƮİӰԽ೤֮ϷɳӰͬжˣ¶Ρ
ʸ߻̬ǧ֮ǰǸѼӷ˵ǧ
ֻǴʱϾ˼ϸ֦ĩ֮£ȫڽ֮ϡ
ָ֮
»ڶѪ°⣬һƬ֮Уһѹ½ͣɱԽ
һ޴ƣȻһ񲻿ɵ
ڤڤ֮Уӽ֮ʱƺʲôڰа
ǧһ֮ʱϾϸ롣
춯һӳԭǰ׹ǹﻹһ󷨼Ϊͣ俴ȥʮִ
һʱ֮䣬ֻһͷ¡
ͬʱҲ˷糱ˮһӿ
ǰǰ׹ǹͶ·Ȼûһĺͯں֮ãȻ޴ؿŽ֮࣬о޹㣬㵱Ҫɱ𣿡
ɱ֮УͯԵΪ졣
಻Ϊǰһ˲뵽˺ܶණ뵽ΪͯʧãȻ޴ĸĸŵ°֮бĥСϢʧڵص֮еЩ޹ͯ
ã֮У鷨ม֣ϸϸۿԷ֣Щ鷨֮ͬǰʧٵЩݿһһϡ
ʱڽͬ콣һӳ
һȳž޴ĳǺͯһ˲ʧ޴İ׹ڽ֮һ类ĥ֮У԰׵֫ŤĽһ
ĩˣ׹纣ɳһȻҲһ΢Сһ㣬ԭء
һֻͷ֮ϴһȻ졣
ĵҰˣ

֮ϣͬ´ʱɱͬⱦԵůʡ
̨֮ϣͬͨı¶ڿ֮еλͬеż䡣
һۿȥɫƳɵĴᣵʹԵüΪ
һż֮ڣҡ˾ſ֮ϣ֪ʲô̧⣬üʵûʲô죿
ʲô죬ûа
ʦ֣ǲˣ
ǰʦ֣ճΪȷ˽иôƽ޹ʳֵأ

ȺһƬã˾һ䡰ҷߵż䴰ǰӸ¿ȥ
Ŀ֮һƽƽ棬ʮ
֪ΪΣ˾ڤڤ֮һ˿ԤС
һԵĽϣʣǵҩʲôʱʼ
æһƷǸҩ
˾ŵһͷԶǲμʲΪŵҩһλСֿͬѣֿˣΪӣ޷
ˣ˾пԴĵҩķ󣬱Ϲˡ
ĽӽֲĸоŨҡ


90 
ָо˵㲻Եɣƾճһ㡣
̨еʱ˸֪λȺʱˣǴ˴ĵѹᡪ
˵һ£˷ش˵һ仰ԴƷҩ
ţһķ̨Ӵм仺𣬻ΪӪһʵķΧ̨ʱһƷ壬̨
̨мվһŹӵˣȥüĿһܺ˵ӡ
ǰһʯƳɵ͸ϻ֮УöɫĵҩҩѪаڡ
֮ϵĿˣסˣԴϢų֮ǱᵽѪζһӵ
ϾܴĵҩδţһҪһҵ
ǾӸ£öҩ۵׾̰
һƬ֮Уһλȱʾɻ󣺡˵ⵤҩԴϾ˵ƾʲô֤ݣ
⻰Щ˵ⵤҩΣ˭Ҳƽ޹ʵһԩͷ˰Ǯ
Ȼ׼ȷʵĿ˷򿴹ȥһżʾһⵤҩĹЧ
λŹӵ˷˽֪˵ЩʲôֻŹӵ˵һͷ֣һЩǱ걻Ӻ˹
˽λ꣬λѣ޷߲ôΪ޷ͻˣѱΪҩһߣ
£Щ֮ϸ߸ϵĴʹ֪̽λʵȻλ˵һ޷еʮְ߲
˾λҲȥˣų̽һλޱȲӣ˵ǽ;ϾΪ
˾ŵһͷڴϣȥĿλϣü
һĪʣܲ
̽ˣλֹ̧֣˷˽ֻ˵Ǽ֤漣ʱˣ
Źӵ˽һöҩڽ֮У̴öҩƳһȦʾöҩ١
Ȼԭ·أöĿעĵҩϡ
֣öҩ·һᣬʵ̹;δԼʮڵĿׯ
һ룬ֻһضɽҡĺ죬װ껪̨мһӣҵĺ̳ů͸һɨա
ʻƣʱܾӸ£мǾ޴пգ޳һ㡣
ʲôˣе룿
ò˳ңҪᵤҩɣ
ķ󷨾Ȼ˵Ĳãǽ벻
ö񵤣˭Ը

źľ죬֮ϣ˽֮䣬ǶĲмһˡ
˷˽ɫʮѿ
£©ϰ嶨Ĺ
ʦ֣
췢һ˲䣬ҡ˱㿴˾ţ۾Ȼдż֣˵ǸôǺã
Ⱥ˾а˵䣬òҪ
̳ɢڿԴֻ׵ĵ£ڱ˴˶š
׼ȷ˵һܱ֮ΪˣΪͷӻࡣ
һߣ꽣ɢųһ£᳤棬ѩ˪俴ĳ࣬ȴɺӡ
ǲͶĴĿ⣬̧ȥ
ɫףΪ֮ǰĽ棬ϱһϸѪߣȾѪ֮顣
ô˿϶¶ʺη֮飬һνĵ֣ɰλ
ϲ࣬˾°ܽôϲ
ʱ˿̣˾Ų֪˵һԩ·խǵһ겻ɢǧ۳һ䷢ĵģ
½ô㣿
㲻ڣʲô
԰ɷнµĵһͷƽ޹ʵģʲôأ
ת֮ʱԱǸѾ̽õİ׹ǹһ䲻⹥䲻ĺûᡣ
ǳһ߾еҪý֮ʣӱϮ
޴İɫƿ֮ƺƴ˾ż״ʶСģ
һ룬ֻתӽһǳɡ
Žڿ֮Уʮۼľɫʱȴƽ˼˿ɱ֮顣
纣ˣ಻һ˸һǿ
֮䣬ƺȫȻ֡
ǰ׹ǹЮں֮Уһġ֮ʱĲҽȻ޴Ȼأ̳
һȳķ㾲
˾ſӽ۵һƬ֮ɫ
֮ǰ֮Ǵ۵ȣĽƺӾˣ⣬ֻȥ˶̶ʮʱѡ
˿һĻڼԼְҵȻԼΣ֮иûַ򣬵ʱƱǿôΣҲҪӲͷƤϡ
࣬лɳħ֪֮ɳΪΣ
ɳҪĵرڣǶᾡ㡣
ֻҪϿ뿪ȥллˡ
˭̧֪λһۣڵΪɱˣҲΪ˾ˡ
ʲôһɱһȣһ±ƣҲ̫ɷɳϸϸ˵
ɱаħߣʲôѶģ
Խˣ˵νĵʦˣ
£Ŀ⿴λʦ
ʦɹϤĴüĿ飬ֻ۵׿ʼûްڷϵ˵ʲôϷΪζף
Ӳ
̾˿󽣷ӹƿնֱǰ׹ǹüģ׶ӼӣΪ׵ģһ𣿡
˵ƵνҩŤԵĹЧأ
⻰˵ɱģǵʦ˫΢գһһٵϷʶ
Ǻİûϵһǿ㡣
೤ʣǰ׹ǹͷ­ն£׹ǹʱѾͣյ֮峺ˮ¡
ˣģƭӵģ˵ģνƯ硣
Ʒ磬һȥ޻أƿ
׹ͷ­ӦأڵϹµµعȦ
ʦϻһ˿̣ܿͱǣΣˣ
˵ҧгݣһνڵʦܽԼ˺˵Ŀ֮УҡҡͷүĵĶһû̽һǵҩĵأ
ƿС̫ǵʦ޿̣ϷΪ˴䣬ң
̧¥ż䣬˭ܽɱڴˣϷһöԴĵҩ
£˫̰ۡ
ᣬ˶ܵģƾһԻõҩĻ˭޷
ĻԥڵˣżƽǺã
յģеλҲ̫ߣлǸͽǻɵһ
ô˴εӰֻģɥֻʱ⡣
ûô˶붯֣Ҳ޴֣

εӰֻ·һЦΪҽǹǰ
һƿնȥ޴ҵķ飬ƬĴ
λþӸ£ˣǿĿµĳ
յĻѽĺҹյ磬Ⱥӵ˸߾ְѣ֮Ĺ㳡ռ
Ϊ׵ģȻǽ֮ǰڳЩĸ


91 
ʱ˿̣࣬۾˸ԽǺ˵˺ǿҷŭ֮飬Ϊ׵ĺȻǸڳݺ֮ĸ̡
֮ǰĴһ̬ʱһ£ɱ֮⣬еŭֱҪӿ
Ķͷϰһɫɫ˿һŴ֡˷ȫȥ
ɱ죬嶷ţ
ڳʱɪɪһߣ˾ӸͷŶԭһ
ӲͷƤǰһ״ķˣѾǰΧˣֿںصɳϾҪϹھڸ翹ûǰ;ຣģͷǰ
ŶһȺģͦɢޣʹļ׵
֪ΪһһǳĴǳ϶Ҫмˢӵģͨ˸ָλã⼸ˢӣ֮⣬Ƿϻס
Ǵʱ˿̣ͷȣֱλطڽȫݽԱȫµһú׬Ǯ£һʱ佲ǼΪͷ˵ͣ׷չδһ׽һףɮĽһ㣬ֱӰһȺԽԾԾԵѪһͷѪֱӸˡ
룡ͷ˻ߵǵĸĸ֪Ϊһɳܵ˷ΪŰǻôǣǵĽַھӻôǵĸĸ˼ʮǵĺ֪ĸĸ̻һ˷ӻô㣬ûа
ͷ̶̼仰֮ڣʮַḻ˼ǸνĵʦǸӵľˣóаշণุĸͺӲðȺˣȫܺߡ
ͷǳ˵ĻȷʵмɿȺѪһ붼еλνĵʦи
ֻμģΪôһ˻ԼǴȥƻᱻŸһλڵӿ˵
ûˣֱҪˣΪʱ꣬Ǿۣܺͬ
ɶ񣬸ղһʱ仨ҾȻƻˣϣأ
ǱҸĸ֪ҾȻһӵ˷ӹϵǳһҼҷõģ
һʱ䣬˵࣬˼ǣ֪ˣϾͺ˷ʥ롣
ˣһŻ˵úãĲ˵̰޾ģ˵һԴĵҩڴʱ˿λεǰջǣһС˻ʮĶʮֻңǿڲԵ
˵Щʲô˵ⵤʦǸ˷ǾⵤʦϱھŽǰģ֪Щ˲˽Щҩģ
ûⵤҩȷʵأΪⵤҩֶҲ
Ϊⵤҩ˵ʲôҲţܾˣ֮һҲҪ߾ȫץסЩҵģҵĲ֮У

ʦô˵۵һ˿İ⣺ɣڡǰԸֵһᣬ඼ǰȺ˻ǲԸţֵܹ˭أһжǾȡˡ
ʦĵ⣬Ŀͣǵȥʱİ׹ǹһۣĵӰָףΪΰٵĽΪ׳ԼҲһң
ҩ಻֪뵽ʲôһЦһ㣬мЦ֪ⵤҩʲôƳɵģ֪ǻܲİõطȥ
Ŀںеɫҩһ˲۵׾Į֮顣
ΪĮ̫Ŀŵһλʿŵ˵ⵤҩȻдĹЧضĵرƶɣѪˣ
ǣҿǼλʦˣ
Լ츳Ⱥͨе·
ҿʮа˾űǵʦľģֶǻȡҩ
ûĿ

ѪˣǹһĨΣյĻȣǲλΰĵʦⵤҩʲôƶɣ㿴ҲҸǣ
ⵤҩҵĶطױҺгʦʼƱ硣
˵оݣȻһȺ
˵νĿλʦϣҿǲ˵ɣƵҩʱ򣬿޹ͯҹ֮ЩӱͶ뵽¯֮еһ˲䣬па֮ģ
ʦˣҲһشЩⰡ
ǡʦܻ˵úͯƵҩʲô֤ݣڳһʦͲ߶Ⱥ֮𣿡
֤ݣĿ֮ʣǳҫ֮£Ӵ֮ͳһöڽ£ʦϵ𣿡
ôϣʦһܿɫ˵ЩʲôĶϷʶ֪ǴʲôطҳϷأĿ
ࣺˣʼڲˣ
ʱҪǲʤ׷һͲսˣ
㣿µشһۣмУõ㣿
Ӵ֮ͳһö򣬿ǵʦͻȻһʮֲĸоӲ˲ײĲᣬܲԼΪ
Դˣֻĸ͸
ֻ֮ͻȻһ⣬̧һ޴ͶӰƾճڰ֮УӰʮҪ
Ӱ֮УͷȥβضһȻ¼ǸʬѾõƯ緸ọ̈̄м仹ϰνʦ˵֤ɽֱӰⵤʦԭء
رС˵һ䡰ջ֮ʱЩҳ׼֪ԼĺѾ׶༪٣էһѪܵزп࣬޲õȥʦһ̻йͷ֮ޡ
嶤ӰҲվνʦһȺ嵹꣺ֻΪνĵҩⵤʦɣԾаħ޹ĺ֣ͯʮа˾аħײеһ࣬ȻⵤҩΣ뱻ڵɵʦצһִУϾҩٺãҲҪò
ΪһҩԼһǲֵ
˵֪аħĵҩһЩʲô᲻˾һЩ˵ģΪֻڱ˵ĿܣȺ˼ֱԽԽ¡
ǽͷ˳絹һ㣬׷׺ⵤʦϯټȺ˱Ͳʲôöϯ֮ΪȷԼףʼ˼ɵزλʦ
һʱƭǻڲлɳΪָԽǲһ⻨һ;
Ȼ޹֣ͯɥĲ񣬺ϸñɳɱڵ
ɳҪԸΪаħһаޣ˵֮

ࣺ⣬ˣߣܱܲҵ
ֻȺһϷźݻȴΪɵǵʦаֶΣʵʵضڽֻ¶һͷ


92 
磬ҪҪô˰࿴УһҲûֻ֮ʮǲˣ֪һȻͦɥĲģӦòˡ
˭֪仰˷ãΪȺ˻ģֻ˽ǰһɥĲ񡱣һȺǰԼһһµ󲽣ǵʦԽԽԶ۾࣬·дż֣ԽԽ
һȺһˣһеҼѻӽնɱǰ׹аħ£ֱǽ֮⡢ᱲģ
ڵʿ治ͬ죬һȳħ壡
ٹ⣬岻ݴǣ˿ʼ£һȺ˿ʼ
ûұٹ⣬岻ݴǣ
岻ݴǣ

ࣺ⣬Ҳʶʱ񣬻Уǿڿ˵ٹ⣬ǵϰܾܲһ˹¾սɣ
ܿϧΪȺ˴һȺɢޣƽûûƤˣʵ
һȺִһӦȫһԵǵʦܲˣΪһ׼ɥĲķʦȺ˺ö˶˵ΪҪϷķͷǲ£
䣬֤ȷ䣬ȫλǽӰӲСѡ࣬һЦϷ֪һַţα֮еӰ֪ЩΪݺϷα֤
˵ʮ㣬ȴʮ̾˿룺ү죬춼ûôӲģ
Ӳ̶ҲЪΪ𺳣ĹΪ˽ʵµôôҪȳһСı۷˵ĴƹҪ֣˼ҴƹΪˣΪʲôܲ˰ɣ
УͺϸѪծѪҲŮһһ±ĥ첻Ӧеزʹ࣡
֤ݣ֤ȷˣҪ֤ݣ˵Ⱥ޹ӵĸĸֻҪǻһ죬Ѫ֤ܵݣⱲӵĺǣǶŹ
ûһλߵļҳһԵĳͷƽ˵ЦʱȴɫأڵԸһǵİգҲҪͽɱ
һǰգֻΪɱһˣֵֻá
ߴѼӲĵʦһһٵϸˣ
һ̣·ȥƽǸƴڻµµΪֻϡͷ˵һ֮ȣ
ֻ֣һɫĳӡзɳ֮УھݽĺɫϸԳӡ֮޵һ㽫ܲ͸硣
޵ʩչǵİ׷ЩɫҲ˺ܶ࣬ɼᶨֻڵѶóӡ޵ټغɳܼϵգǲҲѴӶ
ǣ£ɣ
һǰգ޵Żѷ׷׳ڽͷβһУţŭš
䣬´һҸղԶԶ˵Ҫ֤ݣ
һɢȴ͸˿˿Ƶɱ⡣
ĵĴ֮£ϰԶӰ̧֮߳ǵʦһһٵ
ʱģƲʮ棬ɫ֮ϻҳ鲼кüȫûƽ֮ɢɢȡ
ʱ˿̣û˻Щϸ֦ĩڵĶϰԶ֮˵ĿԣСŮվ
⣬СŮǽʧٵС
СŮһ˲䣬ȺԸĸ˲ʧأڴ󱯴ϲ֮һء
źӿҵʹҴϲ񣬼һ˲ӿͷ
СΪʦɰ϶ĹײİֶһŶӡ
ʲô֤ɽ
˲Ҫ޵УǵʦȻӲϷʶ֪ǴӺδģȻƽ޹ʵݺϷ򣡡
үб֢ҲУ˭û·ôݺ㣬ȰҲ˵ϻˣʲôԿ㽻ɣãҲǺãڼⷴڻĴͳˣ
ôһȺ˴ҹţǻӷأ
г𱨳ԹԹ𣬴үҪô·вУһƯҲϴ׵ģ
Ϊͽö˶˵ľȻ붯˽̲У
ǵʦŭĿԲɣʼе°ܣҿЭעĵʦֻеʦͥңȺʲôͲպʦǷ𣿡
ԵʿǿǵЭȺ⻤̵϶˵ԥһ£ⵤʦĻЮ˽̸ʦͥþ
Ⱥʿ࣬ѽпүˣʦ𲻻ҷѵģ֪Ҷаħȭһأ
㡭ʦȻûȺ޳֮ͽ˿ڲԵһʦ£Ͳ¸ʦ𣿡
һñӣԵʦȷʵΪܣǡ
⣬үˣĵĶҶȭ崦Ϊʦˣһħ˿Ϊħ跢ⷢȵĴʦ֣ǻ̳мҵĶʦ֣˲илﰡ
ΧȺڣʲô˲űħʦţ
ǲ⣬Ǵ𺳡


93 
ֻҪӵаħͲΪʦߣԼ˵ʲô
˾ڸߴż֮ϣҲĴ󵨷ԸˣʦģණҲҪһ޶Ⱥòð
˾Ŷһͷ췢췢ڿҵķ裬һʱ˿̵һΪི̫ףĿǰѾҧ϶Ǳˡ
ʦ֣ˡԱһͬʦʹļ׵һʦģô֪ģ
Ϊ⵹ùͬʦΪͨʶβ񣬱ſεĽϰλϰڣǺл൱Ը˽ſεʱлʦű㱻̲ķʬˣӲӡ̡
ǸʦŰ˾Ų˼ʵ
Ȼллʦ㲻˰ɣ
˾Цһлһͽܣôû˵һк½ģ
ʦ֣û˵˼ֹƭģǸһͬ
˾һ⻰ͷ֮аðһΪ֮ˣΪҡϸµȼƶȣǻз֮ں߶û˸ҹָҪһߵΪ
ʱ³Ӿɺһӿͷ˾һƻӿ𿪣һ졣
۵𣬿һͷԶžŭĿԲɣһһٵࣿ
˽Լ֣ʶͷ˾ţüʲô£
һɫ糣Ե˾ǸС࣬ɫ̼ƭңûʲôҪ˵𣿡
˵ʲôһûƭǮûƭɫ˱һƺûʲô˵̾һֵ磬æŽħ壬ȱԼϷ˳ɲɰ
˾ڷҡаԵôãһӲ֮ˣͬУʮֲĵؽһЩƹࣺԶԶԣ˵Ķԣ
˾һȭ޻ϣͻһνĹãȻ
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ԭмӵĴüžޱȣӰ֮УһŵӰ֡
һС۽Ѫᣬȥޱȣϴѩ׵İɫӣɫҰף¶ֱ֮Ͼǻջǵĺۼ
֮ʱдŰ۵ӵӰֳһ㣬Ӱ֮дЦԵʮֹ졣
ԭӲĵʦⱻŵСŮɫ԰࣬ܣ˽󷨣һԹôѳӦ֮бɱ𣿡
ЩеĺͯԴԹɱ⼫أʦ֮ʮֻ̿֡
˵õİ취ӦһŴܶȻһ캦֮ˣҷŴͶƾ߼۹һ󷨣裬ԹУͼջ۽Ķ
˵󷨰ϰԶЦһͬ˴ˮȷˮ󷨺ܲɣһ롣
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Ŷ˵һ롣ϰԶƵ·Ϊˡ
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ԵԹľ޴ɱ֮С
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ҪȻأ̾˿۵׾Σִ򲻹ô찡
үϳסǻһ߸͹ľģ
򲻹û֮ǰౡɴǸ׹ǹʦ˵ĹǴ򲻹Ǹ֣
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ûһȭаģӦϰԶ
ү˿ͦģû뵽ôܿǽ벻ǽࡣ


94 
˸̸Цܻˣһص̬ԶԶǵʦԹͷţ˴Ǳ֮ʱһ˸߲ҵؿԼӣС
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֪ΪҩЧãԼʲô
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˾ŸгʣţΪʿŻ֮ȻԴڣʱħǰǱǺٲԸִǴǵ⣬ӦòǰӰν
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95 
Ϊʱλ֮ʣ˵СոպⷽԲ֮ڵС
һʱ䣬ҡеӱһ䡰ΪΪ𾪵˵ЪϰԶԣֻ̾һ¶ˡȻˡ顣
ȵȣһλҡӲ֪Ӧʲôȵȷǽ󣬶ڵĵ𣿡
ûֽ޵ķǣֻڽȺϼôһϳ֣
ȷĲǳ

˾ŴʱνʣĽӳüۣЦһԭ۵ĵӼˣ׷ס죬ʦ֣һøʲô
Ϊ̫˾ŶһȺͬʦֵܽˣгһӣһȺ½һ㣬һ´¥żȥ
ϣ˾ʦǸʲôˣ
찡˾ʦһλӽ˵һҲи׼
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ǽվϷ򿴿ͬǼصĪĴȣǵ׼ֵΣ
˵գǰ׹ǹǼת۹⣬˳Ⱥ޹ϣʱ߾ŻѣĿ޴ؿŽࡣ
ˣĵȻҪԳȺ޹ն֣׹ǹǼսڳŰ롣
ЪϰԶˣǲϧһдۣҲҪֹԲ˶ҪȻԲ룡
ЪϰԶ˰ǴʱѾóΪһСԹ鰲ٺá
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Ȼ׹ǹǼܿȥ׺ޱȣΪʿ֮ͬʮֿ㣬ڳһ깵ĵطţںسԮ⡣
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ټһʱֻʣȼʮˣǰ׹ǹ龰һЦҾ˵ͬʿһǵİʲô
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96 
ϳû磬ǼΧۼֱǴʡ
ɽȷʵ˵ã
û˭뵽ϲɵÿ죬һҲˢأ
ˢӣҿֻ

һ߶Ϊ̰ӡΪĮķҡ˾ˣǵصĽ⣬۵׶Ƶ¶˼֮ɫ
ȻҲһ㣬˾زɿڣӲҲǿǿɣʦǲ֪ʲôʵĽ񣡡
ǣ䵭һЦԴ˲ʲô
˾һЦ类β͵èһ˲ըë࣬ʵʲô˼
ʲôʲô˼ƽˣһǷܵػñЦҷһЦúܺЦԴʲô𣿡
˾ʶνͽһָ£ɴʱһȺ˽ǻͷģҲķһɾɫҲ԰׵ˣԥһ£νʤ֮䣬Ȱ֮Сɽؾһָ£
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ܴͷܺ죬˻һɡ
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һȺ˼һӦضʮֳĹͬԷˮһɣΪĲǵ蹵һ㣬δ˷
˵Ŭв;
͵Ϊһж䶨֮ʱͻȻԭѾ˵İ׹ǹͻȻָˡ
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ڸʲô
౻ˣⶫʲôƷֵɥʬô
ҲˣǾͨԵϽˣȥô꣬ʲôû˵ëë꣬΢֮ľǸĽ⣬һ㡣
׹ǹǼǰ׳ģ׻˵úãһǮһֻǰ׹ǹǼ˸ˣսҲǿˣϵɱͬǰĵѹлء
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˵ٻɣ࿴ߣҭ
ʥȻͬ죬֮ʱǰ׹ǹǼܱ֮ͨУǹʮּͣУܿŭϴùŲƷֺֻؿԼһرĴ
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ֻһɫġ΢Һ壬֮УȻӴܣٶ֮죬Ӧ
ˣһǶˣ˴ùԱ˲˵ԼǺģֻһ⣬紩ɽһ㣬ڵ֮зŲƣȻ羫׼Ƶһ㣬Խɽ˺ֻֻŽ
ࣺǶôްҿлл㣡
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ѰΣͷ϶ܣ಻ѰˣǰתŲȥμƶٶȣ֪ԼĶ֡
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Ǹޣİ취ὣӭϣͬΣ浶ǹظһܣһǿ
ܻܲܲ򲻹ɣ
˵а̬ʷķűüˣãԼûһս֮
а̬ʷķΪĶӣȻԼ䲻ɹȾˣ˭Ͻһһ
ʷķôƣΪʲôܣվû𣬿ɶ
㲻µظôһ£а̬ʷķΪǸ䲻ģֻνӭս۵˿ûо֮⡣
ѩɱɭʱΪΪԵʻûǰյķ緶ӽ֮䣬Ѿ˶޵ĳΣ
Σͷˣϡ
źڰ̬ʷķһһΪնڵأûŤУʥʱٸˣͷסһ
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ħ֮òˣ
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97 
ֻǴʱԭƴͼ֮ϣȾǵī⣬͸һʮֲζ
շתǧ꣬ħдҪ
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ŶħѪ֮һʱ֮ûзӦȻ֮俴ǡֲⲻǽĵط
֮ǰΪֻаħɥĲ÷ɽǰȥѹ˭뵽Ȼħ̴ң˭뵽


98 
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ħͬħħƣ䱾ԴǿرȻħħҲʲôöټģħд֣ȥ
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ħ鷸ƣҲһԣȺħԣɾħħ֮ϵλãԻ·һ磬Ҳ⣬ħħңǿԴҲǰһµġ
ħÿνٶĴֻǳ·ȥã֮ˮƬײħշʿ以ɱȻɱ¾֮вԼԴԴϵذ׹̴ӳЩ̴ӲΪѲ
ˣÿħ۶绹Ƿ˽綼һƽ١
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99 
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󣬽ѩɫΣݲȥ˳
ȷʵʲôط̫ԡһĻϰԶҲ
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100 
ҲʲӵͨʶϾʿԣʱ鲻·
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ϰԶԹڳ絴ǧһŵЪһץȵ㣬Ҫˣ
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ⶼʲôʲôϰԶ۵ͨĺھͺá


101 
ҹһʵ޻ĺڶϢط
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󹫼ʱһֻԭܿŭ۾ɽࣺ࣬治һ
ɽ£ЪϰԶˡҲʵ޻ĺɫ
˴һر𿪻ᡣ
·飬óһЩǱ߻˳𣿡࿪ʵ
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Ŷಶ׽ص㣬ӱϾꣿ˵޷ҵһɣֻҪһġܵĶܹ
ǰǵҪġϰԶĵʦֲ֪аҪɢҵޣÿ껹ûȵֹڣ޾ͽ˱˵޶ˣֻһꡣ
ڶʳʦֱҵˮ֮УҹʦֻҪٹһꡣ
⡭ĵʦֻʵˡ
ʦǿһС࿴֮ϲʱӹִõѲ߳ϣĿǰһô͵ȥ
ͬҲҹƶȡ
˵ƶӦǾ嵽ÿģ׻˵úãжԲߣÿƶȵִҲͬ޷ַö֮õġ
ÿÿ飬ҹִõĳѲߣֹеӵ͵ȥ
ҿһ£ȺѲߵķΧûǣ͵ȥеѡЪ˰Σڵ
ϰԶҲͷ̧ѲߵִƬ̣ûз֣ȺϵѲһʱģ
ţע⵽Ⱥÿһʱ㽻һѲߵķΧΪѲߵľ˻ƣͷ֮ġ
Ҿãǵһɳ֮
Ͼǽ˲ٿ죬ҲпǳĻˡ
һν໹аʱ䡣ϰԶĵһ£һҪץˡ
Ъ˾ͷ˴ʱ˿̽ԴļƣһݴĬĬȴʱ
ʱǼƻԶϲϱ仯죬˼һļ϶ʱȺִͻȻԼͬĳһȥӻرļͣʲôҪ·
ˣ
Ƿʲô˲õĴôȥˣԶԶһ£ʶʵ
ͬЪһۣ˾ʮԻ
ҷźʲôʲô˵ģ𣿡һ¸ղֻƬ
Ъҡͷ˽һͷˮ֮ʱϰԶһԼ򣬿ڵҿ֪ȺΪʲôôżˣ޷崫ѶʦӽͻȻˣĿǰһȺæץ
˶һۣزܴ˻ɽ
һ߷ɣһ̲סпھý͵ȥֱע춼ڰǣ
ЪҲ̾
˵Ŀĵأ࿴һ̲ס΢飺ǸϰԶȷ
ЪһطҲǴΪ𺳣ȷϵȷû
˴Ϊ𾪵Ĳ½Ƕѡַճ˵ںڰԵ̽ҷĵطӦѡֻҷ֮ء
ͣߵҲҪǸưɽֶĳ֮ģҺҳ˽ǮϢĵطŷֵ½Ƕͽĺڰš
Ŀ֮ӳȴö˿ʼ⡭ľȻǸ鷻
һҹӪҵ鷻⿴¥ڰҹһͷ׶̹ɼơ
Ҽǵܵģǰɣ
ȵȣ֪뵽ʲô𾪵ǣ½ǶܲỹҪȿ԰ɣ
˵õʵ޻˹ʹǶأôͻȻ߿ģⰡѧ
濼԰ЪҲˡ
ⶼʲôʲôϰԶԻ·ҲΣܲҪԣһעʱ㼸⣬ʵˣֻҪǱдȥ
У֪½Ƕ֮Խ鷻棬Ϊصʱ򣬳¹ڳˣ鷻ԭ۱һļǮԣ
ɱڵĵ½Ƕһ¶ŵ鷻֮£ңӣ鷻⻹㲻
찡ип
˵鷻¥Ŀ֮е鼮ȥĻΧΪŨ
ĵ֮鼮Ϊ֮ˣֲ˼񣬱ϾУһЩ䱾ģ޵мΪ
鷻һѾֽ鿴ԣ˾û⡣
վǰͷҲ̧ʣҪʲô飿
ǲġϰԶڵĿⶨؿλ鷻ϰ塣
鷻ϰߣô̧ͷˣһµشϰԶһ顣
˴ʱ϶ŶòӰ￴С
鷻ϰȻһ½ǶȻʲô֮һۿȥͿԶ϶⻹ëûˡ
̾˿ˣ鲻𣬷Ҫѧ˴ɱɱģɺͳ
ࣺҲȰѧ˵⻰һǶ˵Ų
鷻ϰԽˣԽʲô;СᣬҪʫĳһѣǽһǿڵҿģҲʲôͶ·ȱǮ֮ˣһȰĶĶȥɣԼԼ鷳طˮɱҪ٣Ϊһʱ溦Լ
лϰ⡣࿪ڵвòȥɡ
ϰûʲôɣϾ˵ûôٸʵףֻ˰ֵаɣȻִҪȥҾͲˡ
֪ǴʲôأϢسһȰţűɫ¥ݣ¥Թһһ·£ͷ
һ䣬ںڻüϰĵ
·ԼѡģҲԼе


102 
ðɡϰԣҡҡͷЦ̾һ˵˵ˣǳţ»
˿ſž̲סԼЩǽ˲ɵö̾ϢֻǴʱഺ²ڣֻܿشķ
ʧһ˲䣬ϰ̧֣ҡһ̨ϵһӰϢ£ϰǰһ񣬶˵һԱɡ
Ӱ֮󣬴ϰ壬ʲôԸ
ӰΪϰʿǵ⽣ӰֻǽЩϰԻϴֲɱλʿĹֱ½
λʿϸ磬ѾΪںƽȰСˣ˿еóĢˣˣϰٻʮֻͲû˵һ䡰磬ǿ˭ˣ
ֻǿϧλʿϸעҪʧˣϰ忴εһȥӣʲô£˿űͷСǳʲô£Ǳ׷Ҳý
Ͼһ²һµĵߴôãܸװɣ
ϰڵȷѪô꣬ҲһˣȻװ˷粻˭ĵ
Ϊɱɱģ̺ӵģʿϸΪʧΪϰǮ࣬Էɫ糣ؽ񣺡ģڣ˵زʲô⡣
һ˵ʿϸһа̾ȥʲô廨ͷ˵Ҫˮƽǡ
ȺүСΪʲôϲְڰӵĵط̽ءǴ˶鷳Ĺ

µת¥ݴһ˲䣬طܱߵ¶һ˲併࣬⣬¥ݻ֮䣬Էӹ
һʼת¥ݵĿûζģǷҪֻ˵е
Խߣеľζ͵ѪŨ߽ܽϣڵµһ֧Ŀ
֪һȽҲһʵζʲôԵģüûзʲôֵζ
Ъϸ֪һ£оƵζһѪζζ湻ĵģ
ʲôģ·һսǣԱ䲻ðһⷬǲͲҪϹ˵ɶǺö
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һͷˮߵʱӳǵصѪɫ
Ŀ֮һ̨֮ϣɱ
Ǹ̨ƽͣһɱ̨֮ΧһȦˣڽӶź
˵ʮֿȣʲôͽһ㣬ֻûд
ͬʱ̨֮лزͬ½Ƕ棬ɱǰ׵ӽ쵶ӳģ㽲ʲô¡
һ˲䣬ע⵽̨ɱ˵Ϊޡ
˵Ϊ˵Ӧһߵĸ񶷣ǼܲסһӲǲҪĴ򷨣ʤƽ㲻һˣ˷ǵûһжʤлأʱķչǸΪƫһľȻͬǸΪѹһͷĴлء
յĽ˵ϣǸһͨѪСӮյʤ
ȻҲ˲صĴۣ¾˿ںѪ
ǡЪüģе̫ڴ̼ˡ
ǵ½ǶĹʤӵһУһСϰԶҲͨ׵Ӯͨԡ
ֻⲻ˿õСȡʤǸ֮ϱŷ˾޴Ľɫ֣Żö졣
޴ĽɫһԸȺ˵̰
ʲô࿴ϰԶʵ
ӦʣûмǴĻڵ½ǶǶʱѾңԶˣϰԶ˼˰β˵»ٶȷʵһ죬ҼǵǸʱһľ塣
ʶˣĵ½ǶȷʵǷͽ
ΪڳЩΧ۵˸⣬ȺѪͷȻѴѴѵƷʯ׷׶ϸ̨֮ϣ֮䣬ڵۻһⱦġ̺ӡ
һȥٻ
һʱ䣬̨˷ˣ̨Ҳˣ֪˭ͻȻ˵
һ֣
ûһ֣ûǴһֵʸã
죬һ֣

ֻһ˵飬֪ʲôʱһȺ˵׷ȰǸ̨֮ϵһ֡
һ𣬷׬ǮкβΪأ˵ôõĻһһξͲ֪Ǻˣ
ΧǻᱻȾģ̨֮ǱþյӲǱȥ˵ƭ֮սһˡ
ȻܲңһޱѪȣЪܲˣԼĹȥˣɣȳȥ͸͸
ôһ仰Ъ뿪
̨֮ϵĲңܿ˹ɾˮһжˢɾ·֮ǰһжһ٣ֻ˵һпþһȺֻǳһΪһսԼľ޶Ǯ
ĳ̶ֳ˵̨ϵһȺͽ̨µҲһȺͽ
ֻһĵǮһĵ

ڣлڵ㣬ҹȷʵЩ⣬ȷʵڵ㣬ҵȫעľ
һǰѾת˺üʱˣ֮˽ĵھű飺ȷһȺȥǸطû⣬ǹطаŲˣ
лµ㶯ͣ͸һ˿еζô
ţ⣬ֻô
·ħͺϸӺúһֱǲŽкǡ
ο򽣷Ľһûô׾١
֮Ų֪뵽ʲôѿڵԣΪ˰ȺӷɽԶˣ
ֲ壬ԶǽһƬȦ޷ƽ
ЩʵҪؼȺܳԼƸˣܲܵġ
Զ˵ûκ


103 
Ъ԰һˣʶʵ⣬ôˣ
Ъڰ֣ûʲô
һܵؾӣȻǿʲôĶ
ĿãؿŸ̨֮ϣ૵Ҫһ̨֮ǰٿһ£Ҿطе̫ˡ
ΪһƽƽˣһжЪ˵̫һ㡣
ʲôһǷҪô磬Ҫô綼Ҫһ⡣
Ͼǵ޵ģҪôˣҪô˿
Ҳô˵һϰԶ˽ⷬ󵨷ԣɫӵ˵ΪǲǽޣǸͷ
㿳ҿ㣬γһһѭ
ˣһû㡣Ъ֪ǲǸղͻȻ뵽ʲô²ؿڵϰԶ㵱Ϊʲôط
ΪʲôΪҳߡϰԶԼһίϰҸһɻصµݡ
ЪһһֵҲҳ߰Ҳǣѹһϧ
ϰԶһ£ţȷʵͦɵġ
˾ҳ߽һĵ֮ڵ˽̨ܵʱˣһѡʲôע֡
ԥһ£ʵһ£˶ѡʲô𣿡
Ȼõһѡxxxxһ˾ͽ˿ʼж֡
ЩеЪ
ҽȡһһġϰԶÿδǰǶ֣Ҫ̫ףΪѡ
ࣺ֮ǰҪ֣ʲôжֵ
Ųķʼյԭ򣬽ЩڵĿʽȻȻѡԼľС
Լ࣬Ĭںҳ˶Ա˵ףԸͶԼԸȷʵǸٲɶõĺ֡
ϰԶЪ˾ͺã
ףԸ̨֣ˣŲͷ¶汩¶ԭ˿Ķ֮У˲һޣǸһħʦһҪͽִһ֡
Ķһ׳ν̧ͷһ£Ŀôߣ˵ô˵һܱ׼У򳬼˷չơ
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Ͼܿһӵ˵һڶ涼¶Сӣ̫ûоһ㣬һûӮϣ
ȵͱһ˵ŵʱŽСʱ֪ʲô֮ȻԭظһԿԭݡ
ֱӸˣһ±ƵؿŵλУĵʲô̼ĪǻҪӼݣ
λд̫ע͵µ˽ʱšСֳڣһƬôЦ
ʲôûɣУ֣ô죿
һƽƽСӣֻڵ֣Ͳһ˴
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֪ѾӮʮˣǶ൹ùų鵽λ֪һʱܱܲȫʬ
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һƬУǸΪϸǴ趯һ裬һ߳мؿŽࣺԭظҹͶүүһԭظȫʬ
˵ţЦһȫʬ
ôܣϻǸէΪ־ֱӸԭͨµǸˣǱǴУ˳ȥֱӵ
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ˣһͷ䲻һ䣬㷽Žҹʲô
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ЪƹЦЦͣⳡʵǹںЦЦܼ
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Ϊ಻µһУԭƽϢȥܿ
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⻹ʣ϶ĳаˣԱһ˼˷׷׵ͷ͡
ûⲻ֪ߵغˣ˹ˣ

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һɽХһŭǴ
ֻ촸Ӱȭ磬ͷسײС
һȭϸһߴȥɣ
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ֻϸĹʽͷ㶵ˮ裬Բ֪ôڵǺ̳֮У˭Ҳ˭ȻҲ⡣
ΪĿǰ̨֮ϵľƣһȺΧȺڿʼ󵨲²⣺
⵽˭˭Ӯ
ΪձѪȱķ˿˼϶ǹӮǸС壬عһ㣬һʮ
ûһƺƴ󣬹ԼĪǶŭϣȫʬ
һƬ֮УЪϰԶɫӣЩԹϣ˽Ȼͬʱ˿̣ĲԼͬ룺ϣû£
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ǷŻһĹһشԭأһĻǴʱ˿̣֪ǸȱµģǴÿһ۶Ӳˣ
ǵģֻ˻ۣǴȴһûУ˵ɱˡ
ʱ̨֮ϣСת
ɫ֮͸һ˿ţŽһǰŽ֪࣬ʣ㡭㾿˭
ں棬һԲ˵ʱ򣬻м˵ӣֻһھƹ
ڽ֮ϣһ׼ν̧̬ͷֻһƽƽĽ޶ѣ


104 
ƽƽĽޣһȺս
ƽƽĽޣЩĽʲôǲƽƽĽ
ֱ̫ˣִڶף˴Ϊ𺳣˵
˴ܴƽƽ棿
ʱ˿뵽һɵĹ쾳֮УѵԼ̫𣬵±һ٣
ֵ½Ƕа֮أûʲôԣҶǽͷݣʱһ˭ظһ㣬ΪԹȭ´ʱ˿̵ͻȻˣ
ҿǹôԭȻǸǹͷпã
ȷʵҿ׳ôһˣ
һע˺öʯǻزˣǻ

½ǶǶΪпѪȱģʵ޻ĽǮס
Ȼߵһ׷ֽݳޱȵӣعֱ׷ɱӴǧӣǱزܵġ
ʱ˿̣˷Щżζڵ۵Ũصɱ
ʱ˿̣Ƕɱġ
ɱŨأһһ㣬Ũذ
ԭſ˼ϰԶЪϵЦ⣬Щصؿ̨ϡ
ʱ˿̲涯ɱġϰԶ°ͣ˹
ЪһЩǵؿ̨ϣ࣬Ӧûɣ
ϰԶԴһ˿ؿŹ䵣絣һ¹ϾҲǴɱģ
½ǶΪĥɱĶ
⵹ҲǡЪһͷʱһ֧͸߽ˮʢŵɫҺ塣
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Գһ¡ϰԶѺý飬֪ǲǴ֮дһ˿ζ
Ъ᳢һڣȻһڣȴ˴
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ͬʱ̨֮ϣɫأһưɫϢָһ·Ӷϣưɫ֮дһΪϢ֮ԭڽ۵׾ѾΪŵļ⣬Ȼˮһ㣬ԭ
ԭǻƫ˵ļ⣬ʱ˿ȫһˣ
ࣺ
۵׶ɻ󱻹Ϊ˿־壬ЦһΣ˰ɣҵĶžѧձرҵɱڴˣ
֮ǰźݻflagΪ಻ۣϾڻࡱ仰һԣޱȹ̬һͷŹ⣬ͣ
ΪĪĻ۵һ˿ã֮ɫܿͱпǣŶžѧ곯һӳаѧġ
аʱ׷ɱһҽԵа̤аħĿׯ֪ͼ£ѪɱһС
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а֮Ϊ𣬴˵ΪħһתתʱͶڣħ
⹦ÿ±ҪһͯͯŮΪ׼һѪɷ֮Ե֮ʱѪɷ֮壬Լս
Ѫɷ֮壬ƺ̣˫ƳϮ
ʱ˷ЩڵĹʽҪͽ񶷡
俴³çʵмСϾǸޣ޺˽񶷣ô붼㣡
ǽˣʣһƵȥƣ˽ϣֱֹĲ֮ϣ˵ɱ¶
Ѫɷ֮ǿġһ㣬ͳַʯ֮
۵׻һ˿֮ɫѪɷ֮˫֮ϣȷѪƷϮӿɽ
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ÿһƣ
ҹȻûȷʵмֱ£
ǽ޿ɲˣ˵һƣǱߵʽ
ģֻŴ󻰣ǽ޲ˣ

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֮ʱ˲ſӦ˹֮ıһҽУ֣ҵ֣
ӲһһͿأֻһ
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ԭڸ̨֮ƴƲҪȥ˵ʿϸ磬һĻͣԭأȵȥе㱾°
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˵ô˵˵ұزŰϾġҾͶ˵Ҫԣ
Ȼ󡣡͸һ˿ţ뵽ͰСǰ棬ͷԼһڣžһ£ܿ찡ͰԼˡ
ʲôԾɶ

һҹ֮䣬½Ƕ֮Ϸת³λƽƽĽޣǶ˳׷
һҹ֮䣬ʮ˳һû䣬ʲôϰ忴ż¼ʤ
ʿϸΪڸ̨֮ۼ֤ķṦΰ˽ãԾԾԿڣȷʵܴ򣡡
ҡʿϸԥһ£˵˵ҾԵı߽Ȼͬ
ǴΪ˽ǮΪΪ˾ĶܣֻǵΪ˴ܡ
Ҳ֪ÿʤ֮ǵ½Ƕ߷ı꣬ҹ۲죬Щʯͽ鱦ӦһֶûжӮһϣЩۻһɲһСĿ
˵ǰ½Ƕһеĵط𡣡
ϰǾټһλ˲õ˰ɣ


105 
ʱ˿̣½ǶĳڴƣǼƣ˵ƴ˸߲ңֱһʰ
ʿϸ˹ȥʱֻΧһȦ϶һ޵ĺɫһˣЪĺɫɫ֮Ե˵ҪԵһЩͨ˵ʰ쵵ĺɫ
һڣ˵ΧһţдʣʿϸմչȥⳡһΪڽʲôٻаΰҵ
Ͼ½Ƕ֮أ˲ҲûУһصץס֪ʲôаĿͽ
ΪĲͬЩ˲ҲǸи֮
ÿضõǵʿϸΪ˵úõģأúûŲ𣬲ƫҪ
ڽֻʵ޻ƽƽڴƣʿϸΪİģ˵ǾͨԺһڴһ֮Ҳź衣
ڴƣҲ²شȥϾ෽ڸ̨֮һ򵱹Īһаٵ£ˣƲ׾٣
뷨Ƶһ뵱ˡ
Žеƣֿ˿࣬ٿ֮ϵ棬۵׾ǻ֮ɫ
ʱ˿̣޲ҡνļʵö˶˵ģ벻ƣýŴܸӮˣ
⣬Ĳ⣬ۿҪײԼ⡰δйĿ֡Ͼ·ʹļ֮ʱһ룬ϰԶЪԱƼҲʿϸɴ˫ۡ
ϸ룺⡭ʧ벻Ũü۵ģҲһ¨ӣССһ½ǶܼҲһѵõˡ
ڴһֺµƣ
ϸĵ˴ƶǹĶƾУ˴ƣͱ˭ײ٣˭Աһ㡣
ˣʱľʮѽѷ֣һʱ֮䣬֮лֲ˭˭͡
ƫƫ˻Ա˴׵ƼһֽŶִ̼ķΧ֮޷԰Ρ
֮󣬻ҿǵ񣬾Ȼ֮һ֣
Ϥһеʿϸۣ㿪ľͺã
콭汻ĳλ֮˾ˣڿִ˳;£Ȼȡʤ
Ƶһ˲䣬ţҾȻӮˣ
찡ָһС´ûӮˣĪҽѡ֮ӣҼǵ鷻һҸӣҹʱڸʲô齱һұزܴ
˸߲ǼƣʿϸΪ𾪣ûǴŽڸ̨֮һ·ɱɱӮûô˷ܣ
ⲻǴӮˣ
ʿϸǸʵ޻ͷԼ֫ⷢУôģҲô˵ˡ
֮󣬳̾һ̧ͷʹļ׵ôôأǵµɥԵɥʧǴӮô򵥵𣿡
ǲȻأһʿϸˡ
ֻһָǰ˻ΣȻֻһʵ޻ʤǽڶʤ֮΢һвͬҵ֮⣬֮𣬶ҡĪ˵ΪҴΰ󿪶Ҳ˵أ
ˡϰԶĻλʿϸ磬һ˿Цʵϰʲô𣿡
һ·Ҫٴδڵ״¥ߣûס˽˵ϰǸʲôʵЪһ˽Ӵֻа֮أԾԾԵʵ
ʿϸ֧֧ûشҪԼһЩɢ²⣺᲻ῴһֱӮȥ˳ۣ˴ȥǸˣ
һ˵һһָΪȥƣﻹĪǣϾҪۼڳԺڵϷˣڴ
ⶼʲôʲô
ϰԶԻ·ˣУһڴȲҪıҪ
ˡֱԡڵϰ½Ƕ볤þõȥǲһһֱӮȥġ
ΪʲôЪ
ԭܼ򵥡һǷȻһطǾͷſȺ˶ǹϸħ̶˵һս޲ʤһ·ʤĽǶǳҹ½Ƕϰܻ׬һʱΪʤɵĺȷʵ̫΢ˡ
˵Ъعζˣڽȥ㣿
ô⣡ָֽβӲԵˣͦʲôҵġ

¥ͷ¶һȰŵĺɫţʿϸһ롱ƣλ룬ϰѾλʱˣ
ɫŴŰţͷʵ޻鷻ͬʱ֮Ѿ˷츲صı仯ְĳζĿ֮ݻޱȵװֱ꣬ܵϹ˵۾
ϰһҽѻɵĸͷ۾ķ飬̧ۿˣǶѣˣ
ᣬϲŭ
زһ˿֮ͬ˵֮ǰλϰ忴ڿһȺµˣʱϰ忴ǣΪһƽƽԹƽԻĴڡ
Ӧòµ˽ΪʲôɣϰƵϾ֮еĳλԴ˿ˡ
˺ϰԶЪͽȻ֪ڽǶɹְû뵽ǣһ׷һֺ˼ԣ
ϰԶȻǶж¾Զ֮ؿƿֻһЩ΢飬ûʲôýģ
ҧز˵ЪͽҲô죬ֻʧءŶһ
ϰˣûʮֺĻԼԣƾı£ǶΪһӦֵɣ
˰ɡҡͷҶֳΪʲôżһ򾴶Զ֮
ܾǸɴأϰ̾˿ĳΪǶĶǣǮλһеһУ̽ȡһɣĲһ𣬻˵Լûأ
Ȼռϼȫˣǽһé®һͷѪὣޣ˵ĵ
ȷʵˡҾܾ
һΪʲô𣿡ϰЦ
ɵذγеĳѩһҡ
Ž֮ʿϸҵ֮ˣʶŶ룬ȴϰһԭء
ʿϸ磺ɶ񣬽ʧҵһأ
ֻ࿴źˮĽУΪһޣһĪøὣޡ
ҵģͬڼɱʮôˣЩ˿
Ƭ֮Ъڸǰ²ŶӵĽ࣬ԥһ£ƲסԼǿҵĺģʵڼɱʮ㣿


106 
ࣺ
ŵ˵Ҫ𣿡
ҪһűĵôƫƵɱɱˣҴôֱ׵ʣ˼ҿ֪
ȻΪ·ŭοԼʱ˿̱ܴС顣
ļ϶ϰԶһ䣬ˣڸоΣ
ʲôо
Ȼǹɱĸоԥһµ䳡ͬоλֶΪɱ˶ģҶиɾҲоһϿнֻǴʱ˿ҲԼ˵ж١
н˵࣬뵽һϼʶԵĳ͸ָҲڡ׻ڵ͵Ϯʽֵһ̶ֳҲǳˡ
룬ˣټһ˭Ҳӣһˣ϶Ҫ۵ġ
ϾҲȷԵĶֲһá׽ͫʮľˡ
룬˽׼뿪Աһ䲻֪˭𣬹˵㣬һСӻٴң
ƾⳤ࣬벻˱үⱲӳĺģ
ϣΪϣǽ˷ǳֱӵһ֡
̧ۿȥֻһƮƮεĹﶯֶţһΪʵӡ
ӦǸʿΪ͵ӣˣһȺΧȺ±ԥԥزǰ
һ⻰ʱˣһӣѡһǵɵˣֱô˵ʮֺ棬һ䣬Ǹʥ
ûǴӦڵĵؽɣ
մӵ½Ƕɱ֮سϵĶ֮ϻմȾδɺԵѪףü֮зİէ֡
һһͺܲǵӡ
λڵĴүһ㲻ᵱˣ´˽һۣЦһмǴܳģˣ˶µģھ͸ҹģ˵һ
⻹Ǹ޶
ͨڵĺͼëеһƴĴү˼ţΪһ㣬յηֺµ飬˭֪ɫ糣һͷŶ֪ˡ
Ȼһ䣬ǣȻҲʶλνĶڵĹأӣɽΪ˼޹ʿǿնģ
ֻһѩʣŽĵԺұһȣүүĿ죬µĽĸһЩ
ȻѺȰҪôϾۡ
ңүȻɫˣǶҳ֣үүŹģ
ࡰŶһŽ߹Ҿ͵ˣʲôҪ˵𣿡
ǻڴү챻ѪˣΪڶһаŮΪģ˷۵ϣһѬվͰˡ
ΪһҲһ۵ͻ˯ﵽɽ±Ա¶˭֪ϽתֵʹߵӲӡ
һ˻һ˼Ҫνķ̶ȰѴүˣ룺ˣ겻²Ϳɣ˭֪ŵĨ͸ܣ߸첲ͱһһסˡ
һϰԶƵ˵̨ʲôղŲǺͦôưˣ
һЪ˵ԶһҲֲ׵ģˣȥִִкܶ໰˵ģ
ʲôǰǺл
үģ˹ȥ
ֻΣ̽ڵǸ𣿡
ЪλֵıϢţܻŰɣ
ϰԶڵԣô죿
ҪȥҽҸִ̧ܸã
ţǸ⣡Ъͬ
˳ʦΪĳԶŹ¼ҽݵܽȫȥˡ
һ̾һߴҽ֮г࿴Ŷ֣ͻȻһ˵𵣼ܣǲãǸҲ𣿡
Ŀ⿴ȥǺȻһײ̡

ţλִڣ˯֮ʱ
һȻ俴ͷ󾪵㿴Ϊʲôһײڷɣ
ʲôײģһ⻰һ˵˯Ҳˣ̧ۿȥֻ֮ϣһڵĹײˮƽٷУɵƽȣײĶһټġ족ַΪۡ
ײеĽˣ˲ſԭǹײĲƾշУӣһ˩ڹײϷеѽϡ
һˣ࣬Զ֣λʦ֣þò
λʦִΪ𺳡
ԣΪʲô滹һײİ

򽣷֮ϡ
յǵ½Ƕϰ崫ѶϢЦͽڵ½ǶɱһϣһѶû䣬ϰ嶼˼ԸԸΪǶĳˣ
һû𣿡л»ʩʩȻ㣬ɢ˵ҲϾһйȥһҲѧҪȥ½Ƕͱ֮ǰ쳵İʦǿˡ
Ŷ˵ˣҲ£ʵͽһнΣ
л»һ£˵ĽΨһУǳʦǱʦ˭һǱĳ̶ȡ
һеѧ
Ȼأνһȥʽһ˰Ҳһ˭ǵڶ
һĽӦƥĵһѶȣǽ;ͨˣʲôһ
л»£Ų֪յʲôѶɫӵ£ͽܸղɻˡ
š
һײġ
ʲô
һҹ֮䣬ײĻģ


107 
һҹ֮䣬ײĻģ
Ų⣬лΪʦҲΪ⣬Ͼ飬оѾе㳬˵֪ˡ
ϰԶЪ˴ŹײľôҡڵعڵĴţҲûһ˹ǡ
ȷɵ㳡Ͽյʱ򣬽೯濴һۣ˵ҪͣҲ˳λײַô
ϰԶͷɣϾһִó˵
͹ˣٷȥҹζࡣ
ЪҲͷ֮ͨͿʼڿл١
ǹײļȻƽȷУڰײĵʱ˲ٹģӽײĽʵʵڽ£һ·ϷٵײҲɵƽȡ
ǻ䣬ϰԶٶȣײĴһؽ߶Ƚ
һ·϶˳˭֪䵽׵ʱһʮ㻢Զڸʲô
ִĳλϵģ׻˵úã£¹ţ˲֪ж٣һгʶһ¡
һ£һ룬ټһײĴѵһʵʵڵϡ
⻹û꣬ײΪȥƱһǣλֲ֪ôĴǻȥˣ¶⡣
ݲ԰ף˫Ŀգ˻һˣҹֲƬֳȺݺΥ͸Уǰһġ족һӦ
ҹײϰһһǹײģ͸һֽǮ˳ײˣֽǮҲΪӦһأӪһּΪķΧ
ʱټһ㳡ΪߣһѪһ˼۵һ߹ײֽǮֲƬ
ֲƬֳҲһΧȺڣԹȺڰԣһĻһȺӺķʼ
ǷʲôʦôһײĻ
Īɽħңѹ;вȥıڵӣ˲²
һλ۵;λйһ֮ԵʦԥҹλѳԼţƺֻһʱ֮벻
ʵҲֲλʦ֣ΪĿǰλӺ֮ǰָʹһ֮֮Űӿ˵֮ϲҲʵ
һҲûеõʲôǷ׷ú۹⿴ˡ
౻⿰̽յһĿͷޱȣǸϿλװȥ͵ִðɣôȥҵⷢ
ܽȷʵмùڵģ£ͻȻһʮӣӾЩʲô
ͷһֻһŻʿŭĿԲɵؿҿ۵ðļƣ޲ְֱԼˡ
˲Ǳˣ۵ĶҲλײֵүүΪĲλէһλֵүүĵ
ϺǣĵǴСϵˣ
ϰԶЪ˽һ񣬷ִҵ뷨ҲͬС졣
һܺʮа˾žͻһܼҳĻԭҲǳĲ
۵;ΪԼ̫ľɵҲ˳һܣ߶ɽѰȥˣԽԽΪһҳһܺô찡Ȼԭ
ԼӴ۵;㳡һȦÿһײڿеͿջ裬㹧άڲ˽ܵ飬ײĶϷ֮ʱǹײġžһ´ӿ£װŵģɲɣǸ
һҹ֮䣬׷ͺڷˣ͵ĻԼ۰СӣصĴöǵ壬Ϊﱨѩ޵뷨ڵʼٸߡ
ɱһɱ׬˵ļƣûŽ࣬ӴףЦݳϿҵϣСϵˣôԼ𣿡
ʲôһ߱ʬ
ʱ׷ͺڷˣĿǰײֽǮľ̫䣬öɥʧ˻жʣһǣͻ뵽ԼԼôౣķͷ󣬴ʱЩͷûдԵ޹ʵ϶Σһ˿ʶ̽ȥͻӲˣǱˡ
ʱ֮ȫɱ˳ĸռݣʱ˿̱κ˶ˡ
úݶĿ⿴ˣҸһӣ˰µıʣ˲
룡ЪϰԶⶴδҲ̫ˣǰӸˣҪ֣
ȷʵӹˡϰԶ͸ż⡣
б°ЪĹпˣҪǵǺô磡

˵죬ǶɫԽԽڣ̼죬Įǿ˵ˣ龿˭ı
˭ı
˶һۣеѰ죬Ͼⶴ飬˶ΣҲֲ˭ࡣ
Ͼ˶죬˶֣иߵ͡
˶Σֲ˭ıҪʣӣö˶Ϊʲô벻ɧ˼ҹֵͽӲǷʲôɢ
⻰һԱһȺʦʦͬ
ûɧ˼ҹǷʲô
ԼһΪһүү˲Ҳڵĵؽ磬þ
úãֵͽӼһҴһأ

洫λɫԽԽмˡ
ΪǲТүүôȻԼǸǸʲôУƽ޹ʱ˴ǾԲԩģ϶ԼϸҲʹ졣
ǧ㲻ԣҲӰ㽫ɱˣһڲˡ
ǧ㲻ԣҲ£һָΪצֻһ˸һͨķƾճ֡
ǷͨʾŽڣΪžŹһ֮⣬֮ϣ׭ŷ󷨣ҷǶŸʽʯȻ֮䣬ţɢһɼΪǮϢ
ⷨȲԵģλıȣҲһ̡
һ룬ֻϣ䣬͸Ŵ̹ǵɱ⣬ڽϣȻˣǾ͸
⺰ɱļƣ࿴Ϊ𺳣ǲͰӸˣôҪҪģ
һ죬ϰԶʶڵСģ
ֻѾˣǰɫȸ߸߻һ֮ʱ
ٴⲻȻɱһžθסһҲöֻԼϱҪ
һ˲ֺܶܳȻһ˲䣬һ׹ͻȻէڽԺ֮С
֮ıһʡ
Ϊȥ롣
ɱ֮£һȥһ
ǹȥֻһ֮Ľ
Ƕû뵽ʱ򣬽ྐྵȻܰνʶһ˲
һ˲֮䣬ȥĽ֮ϻһѪߡ
Цһָḧ֮ǵѪߣܻӳһȷʵ츳ݣֻΪرȫһҲͽڴˣ
ԣηԹɣ
һ룬һȻ֮Ļһߣڴˣأڵĵؽ磬ɱлµͽܣǺñ£


108 
ƺ⴫δ˿佣
һ룬ֻԭһŰĶһ⵱ɣˡžһ³һ״ɳȥغң㳡ʯ̾͵ĵ֮һģ˿һۼҺۼΧܹ㡣
ڿ֮ǰԱԾԾԼ¼ʧִõһ˰죬ڵҵĻغˣʼܱʼ顣
ôãʲôʵԵʧˡ
ϾڣϰԶЪʧһֻ۱һֻۣ˼˼͹ȥˣⶴԴС϶ݺ޶һëǵʶԲԼ
ɢȥл²쳾֮лֳΣī᳤棬ɫ֮¡
Ƕ֮һѪӺ֮Ŀ죬ϳ˭һһٵлˣ£
ɱһĿ£лɫ糣صһͷһν飺ţбʲô£
һΪķʡ
ֱҪѪһߵϢһ߷ߺ޵лǽһͽܣͽܴ֮ͥ°ѱɱˣڲӦøһ𣿡
л¡һ֪
Ʒˣʶ֪ʲô
ҽһͽܰл̹̹
ûˡ
Ƕ̫ڷߺޣл˵ϣȻͽɱҵʣ֮ͥɱлµĵӣǲҲøһ
һ⻰ɱ˳ǷծǮ쾭壬ɱ˱ͺϸһһ
л··Цһ㣬쳤Цһһһ
ЦëˣȻлԩͽܣлʱҲķһöÿɽĦȭҪͷ֮꣬һץһѡ
ңȻ̳ܽͽԼȥкϼƵͽܣǸ˰Ǳزǰ
᳤棬ƽʱŸպøе龰˵һ
ҪϢˣֻлÿһǶһһһɪɪ
ʱлϹ¶ŵЦ⣬ˣӦұͽܽûʲô£иʲôôգ㶴š
Ƶ˵ëȻĻת뿪
ֻȻʧȫл˵⻰ʵԣϾ綼֪лһ˵˵ɱǾ;Բ˵
ԼأͰˣ
ԽԽƷ֮ʱһַԣ˲Ǳǽֻ࣬ɫӵһ¶ΪʲôһҧѾˣ
⻰ɸסˣʶڵûɥΪҪ׼ЩײֽǮ
⻰ȷʵסˣȻޱؽΪεĹͻȻټɽҽûˣ˼ȥײһڹײģΪײϰ飬һһһֽǮʢȴֻΪѵĽܡ
ϷģҸģɽҽϺõľײģϰ˵һһ׼ӣһ·һûġ
һ˵һߴӴ֮ͳһ˵ݸˣǹײĵ˵ôƴ֣϶ǱĶ𣿡
ʱΪ֪ʶԺһƬհףӵ˵ĵһ˲䣬Ψһͷǣһһôôƽϰ⼸ٸʯҪ
ô룬ʶͷ
ߴȻڰѹײ˲ŵǼëӴүӳ˯֮лˡ
ΪѪӦһۿĲǱˣǶ
һۣ׹ػ𣬼ëӴүӯϾΪһܺӣװɵֻܣ¯ġ
ֻᡱһ£թʬһ㣬ӹײֱͦͦվſ˫۷Ļۺˮ·ίһ㱧סĴȣһ߲һʵүүҪΪ
ӿǱ۸ĺòң
滨꣬˵޾Ϳһݼѽ˸ˡ
ࣺù֣ٿһۡ
̫ˣôһ뻹аŮһͱ滨أ˹С˲䷢ҲӦòã
ϰԶЪҲǴΪ𺳡
ЪĹǰ󷴲δҲ̫ˣȷǱ˸ˣ
֮ǰԼһ޶ϵļƣᱻһǻѪţΪȥ
Ǵʱ˿̣ĵ˭ȥлл±
Ų̫ռʱл¶ˣڵµƸߵϣлǲͷƢðү˶ˣ
ӣʱˣ
ƫƫǻڴүûʶһ㣬ԹԵĸ״үү˵ʿʵǿɶҲǶ࿴ɽСۣǱҪҺɱһ㶼ûн
ΪŮޣǲ裬֣һһҪҵΪΪūΪ澣
˵ʲôˣ
˵ˣʦһ֮Уһͻᱻʦ仨ˮ
һ˵ǻڴүһߺޣүү˵˻𣿡



109 
˻
⻨ڴүһĳ´ʣ´ʱ˿ڳĿⶼ࿴Ŀ֮УΪ
⻰˵ģʸڷϣȻ֪ʲôֵĻҿԸǵһΣ
Ȼڳ˾һγȫĵɫӻʮ㡣
⣡Ъסпû뵽Ȿ£û뵽
ȷʵϰԶҲɫӵ
Ȼ֪һƽһԲϾͰνĸЦԣ֮ͥ½Ҳ̫һ㣬ֱһʮ޲ɨ罻ֲӡ
˵оΪʦ֮˶ô䣬˿л£˭֪һɣдżλεĴ֣ҵͽܣ
аɣλȫָˣ
ǶһϲϲķΧ֮ҲһһףһΪΪѵӡ
˵Ǽٻ
˵õȻǴʵʵŸˣһ˵лµһ֮УҪҪˣֱҪˣ
ٽһЩϽ͵ļëӴүͻȻԼүүס˵ĺ󲱾һ±ƣүү˵仰үү
ƽҪ÷Ҫˣһ²ɵЩëȻ
飬֪֮ƺʲô˲õı䶯
̾һĵٽȥү˽տܶˡ
һĶ߰ġһͷ­ˣ£ȫԴһᣬ̵޷ҵһλˣȥϼӴá
Դǿеһ仰ΪӵǸ̬֮ŵú֮ܵͣǻҧŲŵԵúܲʶˡ
వ̾һⶴһϲģȻĹףֹĶǵĳԵúרҵһôӣԼŶԽදһţȫһ֮ϡ
ǽһȵѪ꣬˵Ļ֮С
ĿŽ࣬ڵĻػ
Ŀ֮£˹ȥˣǾҵĿѪ˹ȥ
Ŀ֮ǰϰԶЪ˶ȥһ㶮
ϬЪһȥס˽ļ򣬡û°ɣúõˣôͻȻιȥأ
һһ㣬ΧŵһȦ˶ü
һΣΧŵЩӶһ£׷
úõˣôͻȻ˹ȥ
԰Ż˵ģզͻȻأ
ҿʦҲôƽ޹ιȥ˰

һ߶֮ʱϰԶʱڣιȥǷźͶ£ϱаˣ˷׶༪ٰ
ҿѰЪҲ
һһͣѷŻתƵڲ¶֮£Ҳ֮⡣
ٿĪ磬֪ΪʲôŻǿ׳ȥ޲һʮĽͻȻ˹ȥ
ˣιȥһ룬лҲͶΣյߡ
սս֮ʱʱˣΪһ׵ĳţ¿˵Ǻĵãϸ֮䣬׷ʷͶʦһϵ£˺ͶĹϵԷķȻٵΪȷʵΥڵŹ档
ִõĹأʿɽΪңŹ棬еǿԵɱġ
仰˽ΪĺϷԣҲʹöӵĴԽΡ
һ䡰ɱɫৡһ±òҰףԼүүүүȾңҲ
޵һѱһᣬкǳ档
ķ֮ʱְֻѻ⳶˽ϣڶԷ״Ӷ֣ˣ
ûֻһʱ
ֻһʱѪͷжѣûڣͱˡ
ֻʹļ׵㷽ڴ֣˼޹ӿǺãû˼ӣһЩݲô죿
Ϊ𺳣úõģôݲˡ
ſһѾ¼ʼð𣬻ڷܱʼִõӣ
Ȼ󣬶ͼǵɷ緢شӻͳһֽֽһر֮߬Уһֱֱ£ڵϴ˺ü
ô̵ʱ䣬Ǽ˶٣Щͫ׵
һ룬λظһ֮и˶ʧ
ʧܾ壬ݾ嵽ţʯש嵽飬򶷺ķѵҲ㡣
ʧռ˴ͷľʧѣһһ£⾫ʧΪ
һ룬ͼѪȵһ˼ģ
죬ֱ⾫ʧѻǲΪá
ŻһЦе飬Σȫ⳥Ŀˣ֪⣿
⣬̫ˣֱҪ޳ˡ
⳥Ŀ̫ھ޴ۻһ𣬼ֱǸʯĿֵһСһܻˣϸͲôʯ
ݽ֮£ѾǸ˲¹ͷĵطˣٴȥҹζࡣ
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110 
ʯΧСһΧʮֿʯͬһЩݽߵʯ֪ͬʯСǧꡣ
ɶԽԽˣ
ʱͬľѳҲ޷أϾ˵˵ֹҲȣôҲӦϾô˵Ҳʮ֮һĿǰƽȣĿǰ˲űļһҲûнµơ
ԽȻʹбһȷȷʵʵľ޵ˣһСһ˵һ˵ȥЩʮа˾Ϊթƭ
ֻǿϧһžޣ⣬罣ʷŨīزһʵˣƫƫлΪʦ
Ҳ˵лʲô⣬Ҫʦ̫ڲһ㣬츳ؽȥƫƫ벻л£
ĵһǷ֮أ˾Ĳӻɽ
֮ǰԴǿеģŶ֣ӭ´۵һ̸¿ǳ
ǳ
桢ʯʵǳɣ
ƫƫǻڣ´缦ëһӻԴʱûһ̵֪ɽ֮ǰĶ˵ˣ̫Ƕ׷Źǣүүһģ
ʲôֵ֮ķɷԣһͷˮԼӣУΪʲôô
˾֮£ʹɱ֣һʹܺӣԼħġ
Ժ˽ȺˣҪƵߣҪϸ˼Ҳʹ졣

ǰŸʧҰ֮УŽƿֻ۾¹һʣˣ
ЪԶѾԼ𽳵ȥˣʱ֮ʱֻ̻Ի͵ڿǹ֮Ϸɳۡ
֮䣬ͲټܵõǷɿ졣
ѾˣЪһƣߵûܴæҵһμнôġ
һˣһһԾȫû֮ǰǸӣһվһ߲ԼЩʺɫĲҺ塣
ϰԶʵҷž㣬Ѫõʲô
ȥǷ棬һۿȥЩûзֱΪ౻˸̡
Ŷ˵Ӵ֮ȡ˼öɫʺĹӣ̯֮С
֮ǰǺȺʱҵĺö˸߲ҵΪɫЩⶫȾָף֮ǰժ˼öû뵽ڽˣͦõģ
ȾָףѪԼýһԻ·ôһţ
šϰԶ֪뵽ʲôȷʵͦõġ
ѪɫҹŨȥͦôһµġ
Զźл¶˽
ʯô֣ʵ
л²л£һھʨӴ󿪿ڣֱӰŸˡ
ȵȣҪеɣ˼Ƭ̣ҳҲʲôȱǮʿƽŲŲģҪôʯʲôΪڵĽשߣ
ٹ⣬岻ݴǡ
˵ûлҪʯȷʵûʲôá
¶ϲɫ㿪ڱ߳ľһ룬ֻл˵ҪʯȷʵûʲôãǼӦõģʯƽְɣ
ңҲǴ󹦳
һʯ߳ɣһΪҲһ֣ЩɣôʯǻӣһԸȥ̫ðɣ
᲻ʯǾ̬ЩǮȥƵأ;
Ͼ磬ɲ
취ɣлһǷһȥ˯ȥˡ
һţл±򽣷˯ˡ

ϾǴӶһʯΪƵѡ֣һҹ֮仢羫̨֮һʮȥЩ̫ˡ
ǣŷųѶϢˣ򽣷֮
Ϊݳ౻ȱˡ
ټһ֮УſڴϣΪ̫ģ˵ѾʼС
ɶ񣬺İ
ϰԶЪ̽һͼڶ֮Уһ䶯
ʲôЪһ
ϰԶҲʶν
һ룬𱻵ӵվŶˣҲ

ΣϰԶЩĿڣΪʲôҪڵ
ͻȻ̧ͷǿգĪ
Ъŵӵڵ
࿪ʼΪԼںŵĥſھҿһ˵ģ˵ڵڹͨٽת
ĻͦһµģЪסˣŽɵôãҲڵ
ϰԶûв˹еۣǴŵţŲ֮󣬽ڿԳˣǿϲɺء
ǣ̨֮£һգ̨һ˵žͳţΪʲôҪһգ


111 
ǵģΪŵ˵ǣԼǵʱ˿˵裬һճš
ȻһգԵЩײ࣬ɺо·磬زӡ
̨ϰԶͻȻһԭʦҪʺõĽ类ס˵ĺ󲱾˶ԭء
ʹļ׵ˣԼˡ
ҪҲܹҪ־͹Ÿ̫ˣȻΪСʯǷģϾǸʯֵҲһ֡
ǮơżȻǮ౾ԭ򣬿ʼľıݡ
ֻһ뻹ʮ޲һʮĽޣһͿʼ£ָ⻹ʱһЩɫҺ壬һģ
ʦˣʦĿ⿴ϰԶǣɵðɣ˵Ӳ˶ϲһƣӦûʲô󰭰ɣ
ҪϲĹܲԼҲһˣǼײ˵ϻһСʦãȺطĥ׼һ٣

ʦҲһ룬ͨڰԣڸ֮ýһץһѣƬ֮͸˸߲ҷ֮ǰǶǹﱻȭ¡
Һ˵ͿǼ޿ĺ۸ؽȺˣ˷
ʦϲԽԽƫص㣬ϰԶڴʦ㣬ûд󰭣ҽ˵ͺˡ
ʦ꣬ɫһϲǸޣֱֱˣһ⻰ˬһЦһĽ򣬡ǾͺãСɽؾڼʦöҪεͷɱһɱǷҡǰЩ޴ʤǣЩ۾޲óȥžͽ˷ⲻ˳ۣǰշ۵Ǻݺɱ˾ŵ磬Ҹ˵Ҫ
˵ˣʦ㲻֪뵽ʲôЦһǰ꣬Ų֪벻½ԺΪ󣬼Ҫ󲻰νãֱҪѺúõ˸ëˣҪ˵
νһ߿ȣһ߼鷢ԣʾʲô־ᡣ
ʦʶʱ̨Աߵҽ¥˽Уһɱ϶˲ʡ
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ʦһ⻰ǰһʦã㰡
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һֻǽڷִԱƫУõס̳ӵıԵ
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ǣ󣬽ֻܺʦִ࿴ۣ˲롣
ʦҪȥ̨֮ϴ򶷣ûʲô飬ԼСڵţнΪһʦʦǰΡ
һȺ֮УĹգĿɪһ֮Уֻܡ
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ֻǣĿǰﱧһֻɢ߲ӫԵΪŹ֡
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һ֣һ࣬ԶʦִһȻ鴫
͡Ȼ֪ԶĽûд˵֮еô񣬾ͶԷеӶڵġ
룬˸߲ʥ£һܸɵĳĺòã˵ǳԽ˽֪Ĳ
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ɶ񣡡һ߱£һ߻ҵݼô𣿡
ҾûáϰԶݹȥһյȲ裬Ͼװ飬ԸŵĿ϶һԸţԸŵģװҲûá
ЪҲƲ˵ƣԴҶãϾʯ󣬿Ƿÿӵͷϡ
Ҳ˵һĳ̶ֳ˵ǽĹ
̨¿˼ȶǻԵɺϣͬ޵֮൶⽣Ӱıȶͬ⼸޷֮ıȶм仹żλޡ
ЪϰԶЩ˯ֻнڿޱȶ֮ʱ۵ָⲻʱη֮Ϲʲô
Ȼ޽ս֮ʱ̨֮ЩԣûסһͷҲ˹ȥ
ޣʵ಻һһأƻݵ򵽺£عʱ𲽣˯һ˵ܸλʦгˮϢ
̫ģˣĿ֮ʱԶ˽
ܶ죬һˣǲǽȺ֮мұ֮еĳһ
ʱ˸߲ҵشǽ಻֪ߵغ񣬵˵̱ڴã˴ؾҿǽүڰεͷ
Աһ˸͵û˭ƽǰ裬һ֪ߵغӣǳԵͷˣ˵ȶǶԲѷģ

Խ˵Խ׵ۣˡ̱ڴáࣺ
شֱ֮ӣ̨ʦֻ署rapһ㣬һֳٶٶੲݣȺħıУ̧λ֪Σռٵĵӣһ䣬ѣ˵˻ڱ˵ڴ֮ͥ¶ű˵˵ҵĻԵҺûӡ


112 
ⷬд⣬֮˹شһǷһܲŵģ
һǵһһ죬һֺεľأϾ˵˼һҲһִˣȻʲôˣĻеģ֮ʱĿ֮£Ѱ
Ⱥ̨֮С˴ܵʦʦǣ⽣²ŵƣ׷Ͷ˿ֲ´Ŀ⡣
Ͼ̨ʦֵrapʵ̫˻˯ˣһֿԿһȺһһ
һ߿һȺ˿ʼ˽
˭ҶûôͻȻˣ
һլʦֵķԣΪ̫òЩ³֪֮٣ȫ˰汾ͣԶǸʱ
һλʦͻȻɽˣָŽ󾪵㶼ʶڵĴˣ
һ˵һָ̨Աߵǽʿı񣬡ǽ𵤰ϴͷһ
ֻ𵤰һȻдŽ֡
Ȼլʦ־ͱʦһ֮ͨƼ䣬лΪʦԼͶϵһϵзṦΰ
ʦ棬ĵʲôˣɱδҲ̫ǿ˰ɣԶȼֱй֮޲
˱˽ʱЩãƮƮһ仰ͻȻΧһȺƻдˡԡ֣Ϊ𺳡
֪һ侯棬֪ĻΪʲô޵һֳأ
˵һ䡰ûʲôҶɢ˰ɡһ룬ǰֻ۵˸ŲЦ⡣
ԭ֪ҪŮһЩķԣͫһ
ϾԭÿοŶζʹԼΪ𺳣޲ԳȥŮĻ棬Խȭ
ʱǰƴ
ϰԶۣͿ⸱ٴеļƣʶʵû°ɣ
һʣָһ߿ڽ֮ϣ˼βԼʱʵ׼
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ŹգϣһįѩŶ𣿡
£һƿϣү˵һ䣬ҲǴ´ġ
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ˣǱĿԴˡ
֮ʱ֪ʲôԶλһʱ鼱ҴǸˡ
ɣֻ˵Ļ˲֣඼ԭء
սâ¶ʱؼѪӣƻ׷֣
ѾϺͽὣսٻغ׼ˡ
ԴǰЩӽаȵ𣬽Ƽ俴ԽԽͷɸ֮лһ
ˣΪƼԲз۵ŻȲ¶˺ͽȶһ֤Լ
Ŀ䵽԰ݺֵѪʱ۵ްɫǴʱˣԼʤ֮Σ
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ĿľӮ࣬ʲôֶΣǶν顣
һ룬֪ˣָ¶һشϻµ飬̾Ƿſڵһ˲䣬ұִóϴȥˣִóѾȲ˽̸ˣ
Ц˵˻ҽȥ㣡
Ž಻ŵĿ⣬пҲû취飬Ͼֻһˡ̱ڴõް
ඨã౧Ĺգ̱ϣȥ˶á
ΣһһҧгݵܺãҼסˡ
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÷ȥ֮ʱºݻϣؾ֮һ⣡
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˾ſ鱨˼ǧ
̹˵ȷʵ˵ǸϢϾؾ֮һУвλͻȻһĶ֣Ӧø˲Ŷԡ
Խ鱨ϵ֣ԽףؾڼҶӼɵãȥɽ»ƣȻΪܻԼС
ڷҡŷ£˾žý̫ܶˡ
ƫƫŶԴ˽ãһҲûʯν
˾Ų⣬𺳣ҾýܰȻڣڵÿ˶Ρ


113 
͡˾벻ס
֪ǣڵѾ̫׵ĵӡ
ؾڼܳȥϴģһȺ޴֮ǰܳȥӽ˲㲻ʲô£ΪŴգŸˡ

ҡ
ҡ˫Ŀ΢أһԻĳϣǱϢˣ
ǡǳϴףֵչķԸйǸ޵Ϣȸ˾ȥˡ
ŶҡһݣЦһ񣡡
ؾڼܣͦΪΪһŮӲϧһϣֱ֮
Σֻҡʣ˾ſϢӦΣ
⻰ѵλˣ˼Ƭ̣ǳϵûʲôӦĬ
𣿡ҡЦһؾڼǿһʱˣҷҡõһĻɣΪӦø˲ǣ
ʱžƬ̺ǳ̽Կڣƺڽۺܸߣ
ܻ˾ţʹ˾һʱ˵УҲһСĶ֣ɿһ˲õʦʦš
ҡ֪ʲô̾Ͼ򽣷Ľް

֮ڽĺ˵˵Լҽʦֵı֤˿ڣýĹոж
죡ָͷһʹߣ֪ô𣿡
װװĶԱˣһֻ̨ܶ棬ű˴ܣԸʦʦսԼĶޱֻʹܾ
ȥڲüװˣ൱Ͷ̥ҹˣػϰԶЪȥ̨һʹ졣
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һλܽݱԩʦ֣ʲôʱԪӤȺ𵤲˼ва
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̨̨յѩƬһͶߣڽ̫ףƻ˽̨ӵĴ飬뽫ԪӤ̨
ϾŶӰʱſһӵľ˭Ҳס
յͶߵĳһͷˮէһͶϢΪȺǿв˼ȡʼˣԶȥ̨һ
ãһǽ൥汬ɱɢ
ϳĬˣ˭ܶס
ǻȥֱ֮Ӻ˵ܲܰѽԪӤ̨

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˵Žһ֮ʱͻȻӵһ⴫Ѷ̨Ǳ߳ϵݹġ
ݣǱģýÿȥԪӤ̨Źⷢȣڽ̨ͬŴˡ
ſˣһӣֱ׼
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һָڴǰй¶
ͭǮ֮ʱ̾ϾЩ˵Ͳˡ

ʱ⣬ת۶ţת֮䣬Ѿȥؾˡ
ٳ֮ǰ򽣷ƽ׷ϴСĴ׶죬Լ̶һʱ򽣷һͷ֮ռɽΪưԵĴ󹫼
ȻҲջ˴͹ĺɡ
׶ˣ˱˺ܿͷߣֻд󹫼է൱ڵһһٵҪЩӲˣذ
󹫼ɶ࣡
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ࣺⶼʲôʱˣʦ仡δЩ˰ɣ
Ǵûкڹһ飬һôɡ
ΪΪһޣֻ֪²Ȱν
ãл¸Ц̾һɽȥɣ


114 
ȥСɽؾȻѰȥʢĳϣչҪŷȥģַȻƽӳеַۣʮֻڣûʵķۣȼյʯϢҪϹ˵۾
ԶԶۣû⣬ѷ۶ϵ᣻һɫҪһģɫŲô
Ȼ󣬽ϰԶЪ˶ڵϿŰѷ۶ǲڹ㻻˾žŰʮһɫտһڵĺڡ
ࣺ𺳡
Ǹ͵һûʲôᣣ˼Ǿ͵һʲôͬ𣿡
һʵ޻ĺڣһڵĺڡ
ҲѵϰԶЪˣ˶һۣ˶Է뷨ɶȫûпʲôأ
Żھĵĵɫ֮ʱлˡ
ʦһڣ˲֪ʦǸϢ֪˯ÿ״򲻶ʱȥ˯
ȥСɽؾҪ󼯺ϵʱ磬л¾Ȼ˵Ѿ˯ˡ
Ŀ⿴ţŻھĵĵɫʮȫͶ롣
ֻðĿ⿴Լʦʦú
л¹ȻֻһǷߵǰʩʩȻôΪϲϷ۳أ
ãۻûУʲôģü˵䣡̧ͷ
ʱǰȷʵмʦڴҵ󣬸Լ״ʱš
ϾȥСɽؾĽǸϵĵ˵Ҳ޿ɺǡ
ƽƽӼҶӡ󼸺һ˵мҪŵˣճ֮мǽĵÿ⣬ӡ󼸺޵ͬЩ׺ӰͷһѵĽͷҲͽΪͽĶһ㣬Ƴ׵Ĵԡ
ƽͽˮƽҲۣڽ֮ϵĳɾȷʵպգһʱ䣬˵ĿͶл£ﾡڴ
ڽʧϣƽӲʧһǷҡҡͷûʲô˵ġǾ仰̫ڷܣ˼Ƭ̣ࣺÿġ
ȻĿ⿴ţûǴ۵ڵʱһڵ㣬һˣΪʲôûߣ
Ϊʲôûߣһ⡣
һʱ֮䣬˷Ǵ۹ԿţӣԼľ󾫵ǿ֢ڵǱ÷ȥСɽؾɣ
ʱŵڴһ֮ϣСɽؾ֮УΣͻ棬еñʧһ֮Σ֮ʱϣǿԽڵһλ
ϾЩ翵ΣҸϣǿƽ
£޴ķ緫ȼʯľǹų־ȥԶ
ŷһӦʮָжԱһλʦһ仰ӲգؾȻߵô磬ϴȥСɽؾΪǸĻƣʱ
ࣺ⣬ţʧ
ʱ˿һ࣬Ŀȥƺչƺ֮зڣӸ¿ȥڽʮۼ
ΣЪԶûǰǺϻڵķۣ
һ⻰ԭڷһ࿪ڵĽ൱֧ĿһԶƣ
Ͼ֮ģ˽֮ϻһ֪ǸŮ˧Ƶţһ۸Ļᣬزܴ
ֻԶһ֮䣬һܷۻʻ
Ƿ֮ϣһ㣬ڼʮŲʹزסֱֻǸżǿȾҷܣлӭ裬
⼸Ϲ۵ĶйⲨĵǺϻڣƷζڲͬ
Ƭ֮䣬۱ߣȥһ㵱ԭء
ˣ
Ƿ֮ϣ֮ǰ̺˿ʮǧֻһȺˣŻɫɱرըͷʮ˰ؽڴͷ߿
ĺϻڣ˿ϡ
ʵϵĺϻڣɱؿᡣ
ΪǿҵӾ˼ԭèèδĺϻˡ
ǲĿ⣬վڴͷǰһλŻ߲ʱըͷ֣ʩʩȻһüۡ
ЪǺϻһͽ˵һֶٷС˷ʤΪؾһ󾢵С
ࡰšһĵ⿴ͷɫ֪ͽˣôˣͷɫˡ
ԼλֵĶٷȷؽ


115 
š࿴ŶһȺɱؿᣬ죬ǿһԼϻڣͦʱֵİ
ֱվɵķ˼ϣ˭˲˵һţơ
⡭ЪһȺڵඤԼɫԴҲЩɣҼǵ֮ǰϻڲİ
֮ǰϻ㳵һȺŮŮɴЦٻ⣬˭˲˵һۣôû˵ز
۽֮ʱʻٶϾںͺϻͬʮ֮һ棬˵ϣǵӿ϶ҪкģȻҶ죬ǳ˵αʱǻᱣһٵꡣ
ΪһĳӣҲǰμһ˵α罻ڵĳѾٵӪҵЦݡ
ʱͻȻˣֻһ̻žһӺϻڷ֮ըɫ˿һأͷȻһ޺ĺӭչ飺һ˹֡
⻹û꣬ԭںϻ֮ϻڵĶйⲨͻȻһϣȻһ̨һӰ̨֮ϡ
˲Ǳˣ֮ǰһͷ߲ʱըͷ˲ţѹӢһͷȸһӣǹŵЦݣ޳ָḧǰ״
ι״ϰԶü΢壬޵ǺΪδδ
ЪϸۣҲЩãȷʵ̫һЩ
ѰٰӰЩƮƮǽģԻ·һЩģҲûпܡ
Щ֮УԲֵֹĶ
Ƕһڴһ£ʲôҴĶžѧһ
࿴ǹŹֵ˽˵ڶèè
ʶǶһĻʶǶǸ˹
Ϊ˱Ƚȱ£ڻ֮ʱ˲ٵġ˹ЦӡȽ̡
û뵽磬һ˹ҲΪǣǷˮת
ֻĿۼ֮ɫڵĵƹ㼯߲֮ͷ΢ִһָȻԼı˹һȿ˹ĵ̫ղͬ˲ư㣬žһ´̨ŲƵ̨ұߡ
ֹ֮֮ţ̾Ϊֹ
ʽ绹̫ڳǰһƬȻ֮ЪҲɴ˫ۣ⡭ô쵽ģ
ǰ죬ô쵽أһ溣ݰɣ
Ȼ˾λϻͽԼı˹һƺƴҡֳݡ
ֳĳȾˮȵֳա
һȺʿֻɢ֮ʱĺȻף׷λϻͽȥ
Ļ֮ʱϻͽű˹̧֮ʱǹڶЦݣºϻͽɳأμ棬λָ̡
ɳأֲ۵̫࣬ûסЦ
Ц̫ڲλɳصѿ˹һͷ߲ʵͷʵû̵
ն󢣬ԳƺΪ󢣡
һ˲䣬׹ػɳ˶󢣡
ϻͽ۵ͻȻ˸ĪĻ棬ؿŽ࣬ɵشHow  are  you
ʮִƵشI  am  fineThank  you
һ̣·֮䶼ҪΪ֮ͣ͡
ϻͽ磬ϲ裬˫Ŀڣ˰ڣ
˹۵˸š磬ᡣ
ҲܸӣϷִ࿴ۣͬǧ׵ã֪󰡣
찡ϻͽпϾ˶֮ˣ
ЪĿؿ࣬û뵽㻹޷裡
ϰԶͺϻͽյ֣۵Цһ
һԺϻڳϼһĻʹļ׵ͽͽƽͽܣְ
ࣺϸͦḻ
ɳȻǵģһھԼͽ̸Լ
Ⱥϻڳʮԥ飬ܲס̫ڳϿңջǴӦˡ
λͽһ࣬һ룬ԭģĺϻͽ̱ڵأԼı˹ӯôãڼһλˣ֪ƱںϻжѰ
Ȼ󣬽λͲһ㽲Լı
λǸҡֶӵı˹֣ƽܱ˹ЦȺĳݳ֮󣬻صһһۣʱ˾ʹһˡ
ҲͰˣϾ˭ʱûһҧҧҲǲԣ
Ȼҡһ֪ԭǸʲô𣿡
Ǹʲô̡
Ǹɱĺ֪һŲʦʦǰԭطֳģצ㶼ûû棡
ҡϸ粻⣬𺳡
ң֪𣬾⻹꣬Ļ鲼磬֪ô໨ƭ˵ģÿһطҡϸ͸һɴ󳹴򣬡ᾭһ޳
͡ˣ
ڰ˳䡣ֻôο


116 
ҡϸѾˣ̱ڵأ̾лл
֪뵽ʲôʣˣ磬û㣬ѧʲôרҵ
ܺãһʲôרҵɹѽЩѾ𽥺ͬ˼άɹת򵽸߿ѡרҵĳλҡϸҲһ˲ˡ
š಻˼һޡ
룡ҡϸЩȣѧǴͳƣǰ;
Ĵͳƣ಻ɵ˼άɢЩ
౾뿪ڸλҡϸһѪŰģԼˣⱾС˵ľԩŮɲ֪ܵʲôƣôҲ˵ȥֱǲ˵ܡ
ֻϺϹģ֮ӺϻһЩװԵڵ˼ݰ󣬺ȫ档
һһʱɿĹȥ
ֱ֮ʱ˫Щᡣ
ٱʱλ޳ϸ˳ֿףԺҪǿ
ҪЦвʹ޳
šϸϴšˮ׳ʿһȥⲻ׳ңͷһģҲҪౣء
ۿϻڷʻ룬ͷ֮ʱЪϢغ͹һĹһ仰Ҳ֪
ţ㽲У
㷽ǺǺϻͽһ̸Ъʡ
ǵġʵʵ˵
ЪĵϵˣǺϻͽ綼ԶĻĴܲͰצ㣡
Ȼ󣬽һλϻͽ鳡֮ϵķṦΰ
;üνͫ׵ӡҲСⶼû˹ܡĲᱻ˴𡱣
֪𣿡Ъһ߽һ̾˵ʦΪֵʱںһʦһңֱǰѱ˵һǻĵϷ
ģˣȰжԶԶǧҪһʱĻԻ󣡡Ъĵһܽᡣ
ţ֮һ־롣ͷĵһԲˣҡϸ硱ʷ̫ˣоݣΪˡ
ЪĹοȥˣԶȥıӰֹ⣬ʲôʱѵԣֱ⧲
Ȼ⻹꣬ջʦʦԼϵʺÿһ˶ԴǿеظһҪͷǸϻͽ־룬ǧҪĻɱΣҪԼĵ
ࣺЩλ׻ʲôԹ飿
ǳ޳ϵˣˣ
󣬽඼ѾγӦˣÿμ˵ǰֹʱۣʫһеԲʦʦ㣬ˣֻһʱѣѾʶԼΪĴұ֤Ժλϻͽһ־롣
м仹һСƽڷ֮ϱŲĽ಻֪£Ҳĵسǰ鷢˼䣺ԭΪж˲أȻܱƻҿЩ˽ĳԹŮҲûʲôͬ
⻰̫ף֧°ͣһǣ̵뽪ѲҪʥ꣬㰮ŲţҺλϻͽûʲô
˵գ뿪ֻܿŭշ
Ӧһʦ֮󣬽ڵϣʵʶ޳ֶĿ֮Ҳǵùҡϸÿʲôˮ֮С
̫ˣֱͽ˾Ϣĵزˡ

ϻڷ֮ϡ
ҡϸ翴ǰʳΪֵλֹУ޲ҹԼһűȳǱεĳϡ
ˣʦֵܣӶ֮ϼĵһۣϸĵ޳״ֱ
ĵ׻Ǵһ˿ԹӲдϣףҲɣ
ʵλֹϸʳ¯޳Ա
ԭڣҡϸһιĲֿʺ򣺡ⰮƭӻͦȵģŮ˭˲˵ǵʥƽȵذÿˣ
ΪһֱУҡϸˣ֮꣬˵ϵˤ˱һμôˤһţȻΪԼµ޳
Լ̫࣬Ǵӽͳһֻľ㣬ʼдʵ
ǣϻڷ֮ϣһΪĻ棬һֹϸ˴ȭһҡϸޱľΪԼ¡
͡˰
ˣȺֹһߴ򣬻һ߱ʾԼһǻģһ󵨵ģ˵ҪԼͷ­ҡϸķͷ
ҡϸ磺ҹ·лл


117 
Լͷ­Լķͷҡϸд󾪣ǵΪʦͷ
⣬Ϊ𺳣Ȼ¶ۼ뿪޳Ե
ʱ˿̾ԼС
ͳѶ򣬵ָഫѶѣƷˣ
ص
֮ǰڷ֮ϾͼͨѶʽʱҡϸǻ²޷йвĳҲ˵
˼Ƭ̣һ䣺ڸһֺµ޳
Ϊ޳ʵɲĻ硣
ΧһȦֵˣҡϸ֮ǰǸ֣Щǿ޳ĥ֮£ѾԽ޳֮ɿޱ̸Цˡ
Ⱥòɿֹƺһ޳˹
̽յƹһ㣬˶ȵ񿴹
ҡϸ类÷ëףʱ¶ӣҪȻ⡣
ͬһצ㸽Уһͷ߲ʵͷޱضˣ򰡣ô򰡣
ᣬܲʶ̧١
һλϸǱ˸飬Խܵ㡭ô⸱ģ
⣬ҡϸҲ֪ö˶˵ģΪʲô
дһֹȻֱӶ֡
ҡϸһָ䱴˹һؽҡֱӰλϸ統ȡ
Ҫ˵޳ɾͲˡ
ҡϸĿ⿴ˡ
ʱ˴𺳣һĻĳڸǰСͻȻɳˣǵ崻ԭء
ҡϸۣĸʲôҪ˵𣿡
ûˡǴʦ֡
ҲǡǶʦ֡
ͻȻʲôҪɡΪʦֱҡȶȽϵʦ֡
ҾɵɵӦͬһͻȻʲôСʦܡ
һ뿪
ҡϸĵ죬Ǻƽ޳һأ
ΪؾֻΪߡĥȫ޳
һʮ죬ÿ춼ֲᷢͬ͵޳
ԱΧƵһȦϻڵӷ׷̾ʦ֣Ҳ˵˧أ

ڷ֮ϣϰԶЪ˶ųʹļ׵۹ö֮İôơ
ʱ֮һߺʻ
ǺһȦߣȥΪ
һڴͳ֮Եø룬С
ʱڷһڵķ۲м䣬ÿճһСķ϶
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ôһգ۵Ĺ
ͨɢźķͻȻ£ǧƤ蹷һǱͻŷ֮ķ϶ᴩ
ͻȻĳŵķ⧲ǿбͣԭƽȵķͻȻǿҵһ¡
һźƣ϶Ҫɱķ֮ʱͻµһһᣬԴʵʵײĴϡ
һ£ײĲᡣ
ʶ˻һ
ϰԶ״ƣüʵû°ɣ
û¡ҡҡͷ漴תͷȥ㿴ĸſô¡
Ƿͨ죬ޱȣͲʷͼڱ鲼֮ϡ
ֻǰһȺʿΧһţϽһ޵ĸ߰ĮĿ޳
Ϊ׵һ£ȻǷҡͽ˾š
ࡰᡱһŽ
Ъץƣһ״飬ôˣ
Ŷȥһ£۵Ҫô
ȵȡϰԶס
ţʶͷôˣ
ϰԶָָϣûժ
һϣãһСֽ
ǵģǴд۵ģ˵ҪСֽ
Ϊ뻯񹤵ƼϲСֽа󻧡
ĵҿϰԶԼһ䣬ҪȻһСֽߣӺ˴ܣһ
Сֽ⣬ὣȥ
ȥʱںͷҡĳš
һ޹ⳡҶеȫǱĳ㣬龰ٸˣȻȥ
ű˴˿˳ۺܾˣһֱŲ˵ߣһ·𻨴硣
һλڳȷˣǹ֮ϣڷ۽ڴ˷Уҡ£Ƿ̫׵
ҡĳϹȻһƲ磬һһھɱĿ´ڣˣһھǣ°ܽ
һʱ佣š
ͻȻһɫӰֳŴϣֱ˹ȥֱֱŷҡȺڵĵӶ
ֱ֮ŷۺᴩǹ죬˭ɵģ
Ϊǰ֮һӽǿ˾š
˾һΣ治ҡ
Աһһ£췢ۿȥ캢ĵֱԱµΣ
ǿ׺޲ôȥԵķҡʿҲ̾
Ƿҡĳλ̫ϳϵҲһ׼޶ų⣬һִٳɵġ
Ŷһͷһ룬ʯ֮䣬λүֱӱԭ̵ˣ˲ĵڵϣһĲϡ
࿴һһٵ֪û۲淶ᡱ仰


118 
λ޶û˵ԣ෴ȻʱĲĳϻһŵµ飬ƺƶ಻ҶʲôЦǽʲôүүŹģ
֪үүǷҡ̫ϳϣүүҪ֣
үүӵľ׾飬̲ס²ۣ֪Լʱ˿磬˵ΪԼ괩μǡ
ֻһ˱˵ĳȻһȺϾ͹ˣǴ˱˵ӣһȺϾҲˣ
ֻ˵ȷʵüޡ
ǲ֪޶ԭأˣвӵ⣬ƨɺβͺ޲̵ȥ
ЩҡʿˣҲ˽˰ɣ
ˣղǸŵӣΪʲôأû뵽ҲһӲļһ˼ҵүүǷҡ̫ϳϣ㿴Ȼצ˰ɣ
˵ʲô򽣷Ľ첻µز£һ£ΪжأҲˣڿҲͲһϺ

һƬУֻ֪౾Ե˾ɫЩŹֻ֣ԱһСʦܣȥӵҽһԱ߱š
СʦܸţüĿ㣬֮͸¶棬ʶʵ˾ʦ֣ö˶˵ģҪʲô
ʲô˾дΪֱܲ˵˵ԼǴʴʵ޶ᵽɣ⻰̫ˡ
ü΢壬ʵľͱʣڿȥ
ڷҡһ£أȫ³źͼλԼ·֮⣬󲿷˼ǱϹϾġ
ʦ뿪˾Ŀڽϡ
̹˵ĿǰӦϹۣҲҪȥ䳡滰Ϊ޶⼸ڷ֮裬˾Ҳܿա
һɽݶһ۲Bking
˾ű뿴̫ϳϵǿλһٷúóѵ֪ڷҡʲôʲô鲻
û֣˾ͷͷˣ
ǱȻǲܰȻֻ˶̶̼棬رóΪһԲϾֱӰνֱ˵оӡ
ˣĶ֣ʮͷۣգԵɺϺͽĿ;飬;ʵǽ
˵ͷ˵νͰνǽ
ֻ˾żʱ˿һʮֽһܴʮӣЩɣ֮ǰǻ˵ΪΪղôˣʲôҽѧ漣
Ǹ֪𣿡൥ֿסһʮַӣǱװڹײڵģ˴ʴʣѵ벽ĺ󳾣
ȻǱιȥԵɺװײģҲʵ˵ŻҲˡ
ɱӳˣãˡ
ȻϿһˣô˵ҲһĻ䣬Ȼʲôûէһ⻰飬ʶڵ֫УڲԵ㲻ҪʲôǷ֮룬Ҹ㣬ʲộүүŹģ
ԾܵһȫˣϱһӣΣ滹ǲҶְɣģСү˵ܡ
һ춯мһ߰˶ȲҽС
ֻһԱбб̳֮һѪۣź½䵭ȴʮֿһ仰Ŷ˭˵ҲҶֵģ
ʱڷҡ֮ϣΧ֮£ȴд⵽ڻ֮һûС
ѪۿʵҲһƤˡ
λһ޶һֱ˹ȥ
ǵģû֮ͥ£ΪһҲ΢Ƥ˿ڣιȥ
ࣺ
ôһͻȻιȥģ⻹ûôأǶɵĲɣ
޶һһһģһȺҡʿžһ¾վˣΧ
ΧȦУһν飬̸Цһͽ̬˵λеϴЦЦĻȣָʹеʱҪҲôͺˣ
۲ȷʵʮ־գֱײҲǺ֮顣
ײںͷҡϾʮڣ֮϶ķ󷨣ܵҲʲô󰭡ԱǸŷأֱӺڷײˣ۵˼޹Ҳûпܡ
龿ԴһĵʱĺͶ⡣
ԻлҡЩһ룬ӰһһҲڷ֮Ϸ˹
һŹһŽ˾һֲ´顣
ЪıԹȺܴ򲻽ǣܲ尡
ɢⲻûҲü
֮У˾ŷһġ
Ǹһžֱιȥ޶ĵ̫ϳ˹ʱΪ˷ֹ飬չʾһ˶ʮҡӢӵˮƽġ
λһž͵ˮƽ϶è塣
ĿתǼģľӢϣȻ𾴣λԱˣݵĻͦһµģ


119 
ݼȺ֮⣬˾벻ͨ⼸ܱ޶үһɽţ˽ߵˮƽ
ӣֹһ
Ŀ⿴ǼӢӣЩĪ⣺û뵽Ǽƽĸģģ
һӢӲ˾ŵĿ⣬ЩӣҲģ˭̫ϳϸ̫أĵر̯ǰѡŵδǰű׷ҡųϵĹְ
ջ֮£˭Ķ
ǲӦǺ̫ϳϹȻΪУȺ˶쵽ӢˣڷҡֵȼɭϾʮְȻʵϵţȫһȺ˾ɿ֮£ɵӶ֪ôѡǣ
Щ⣬Ⱥƽ˳˳ˮʮֲһľӢӣǸιȥʡµĴү۵һ˿ʹĵĹ⡣
һʼӦ̫ϳ£֪һ¶ڣ⣬̫ϳ϶ţȺ˶һӷȺҲôǣҲ֮ͬд
Щ΢ʧǻõǰ˵ǲֵһᡣ
Щ֮УȫûаΣѾ׼¶Ҳδ̫һЩɣ
ļٻûȺأת֮䣬޶үڽ޵Ŀ֮±¶Լʵˮƽ
ǵģȷʵһʮһѾ
ʱ֮һƬĬ
ҡ֮ϣվţţţ֤˵ֶԡ
ϰԶЪ˷۹ʮָɴ䣬ֻٿҲȲϷҡȺӱսƣ˸ңң
౻ŰΧסûһɵǵ飬ǵɵļƣһȺ˰Χסһ˰ΧһȺˡ
ֽŵ֮£в֮Ĵģͻ
ˣ˶˭Ҳûŵһǹš
ӶţںͷҡĳҲš
ƽ۵֮ΣĶһЩͳϣ磬ᾡгͻѡƽ
ֻǽȴȻͬǳϵʦܣһһȺ޴֮ҲŵĴڡ
ȻλʦΪŵĹϵ֮ǸϰˣƽȾ˯һ㲻ͽܶգһԭ᳹ס
Ϊһϰˣʦ䱻ίΣȻһϷ۾ͺȾ˯ĺңҴ˴ûʱʱһʹļ׵Ľ̻壬ʦĺֲ˼
ŽϢ᳹׵ԭ򣬴죬ʦ˯Ȼɲɱһ׮¹ʸˡ
һӦǵϮŶ̻壬ʦŽ˳
˷֮ϲ֪ԭǳûйҿ۵µ¹ʡ
һ˲䣬ʦɱ˵Ķˡ
ԣ෽ŵọ̈̄Թۣûпֳֹƿ졣
ӣӦȭúóԣ´λҲ鳵Ươ
ҡĳȫ֪ڵ³ϻһµģڳ֪֮ͣǰΨΨŵŵĿ̰ӡ֮ϣһھͼǹоҪֱҡ֮俪ս𣿡
Ϊܵһĺзԣҡư̧°ͣڷ۷ûǴĻǸͷ׺Сͷ֮ǰĴӳϡ
һӰϢӰ֮߳һ£üĿ忡һѴһĳбɫһ
忡òעĿŵĽ˴֮
ŻЩɵȺϼҵĹһ㣬׷¶һ֡˿顣
λ½ŷҡĿ⿴ƽҪսǱս
˵һǳĻȣΣҪҰν𣿡
ҡϣ˭ڴȺ֮ʲôʱһλ˲õˣô֮ǰһûС
һλҡǿ򶨣ڵδ̵մ
ۡʦһǷԳΪһ
֣һλҡϲ֪ʲôɫһ䡣
ˣôЩӣǼƽӼײβķ޶ѳˣ
һİоȴǺЩ֮һȫǱ
Ϊһģλʦ⣬ֺڶȻʦͱȺڳԺڣֺڶɨҶһɨسţΪԵʣʦ屻硣
˵ÿһطҪǸطĺڶȭ
ʦ壺˵ɣǱ
һȺ˸˼ǱͻȻ˸߰˶ȵи
һӲԽ㡭ʲô
ֻǰؽιȥ޶֮ϣڿ֮Ųơ
һ˷ʣŶλǼΡ
УʲôǿǵĽ죬ҵĽ죿
ЪҲؽ˿̿ɿĴ󵨷ԡ


120 
̫͡ˣɿ
ϰԶЪһۣ㿴۵׵֮ɫ
ҡȺӱһ̼צˡ
ʱ˿̣ǿ࣬ǿһˣǿһ֪ʲôʱըըսľģλһ޶үָˡ
Ŀ̫ȣΪ⣬ţǶҸ
һλҡĿ⸴ӿڣ侲һ£Ƿҡͬʮڣûʲôʲô˵ġ
һ£ӲͷƤҴǷҡʧ׵һ棬λһ
£ҡֳһޱȾ顣
˵˵ƽŰˣԴӵ˷ҡ֮Щ˵˵ļ仰ˡ
̾һп׻Ʊǿ
ʵҲô׾ͷģκνĽ޶үϼţҲͰˣǿǽడ
λź̶̼֮ʮ֮Ѹ֮ǰʱһ֪ɽܳĲֵһСɫ÷ҡҲҪΪ֮Ŀųһһ˵˾ҲĶ֣λҲҪʰ·硣
ֻڵĽޣ⣬Ҫϵbuff̫ˣڵĽޣ򽣷Ľޡ
֮䣬ǲ֮ʧ֮ǧﰡ
ĿǰʦȫԱ򽣷壬ҡΪڵͷ򽣷Ҫ˽ĸ࣬壬ޣĽޣ
ڽȶŲͬ鿨鿨û߱ףҪôĬĬţҪô£»ֹͨһȫ˲֪˲
򽣷ʷһѹһŵĳˡ
Щǹȥˣ򽣷Щ꣬رǧ֮֮󣬳һлǿ򽣷⣬ѾЩûһˣͽЦĲ١
ǴɳûĵӳΪٴҲ𽥰ȥɿһأ
ճȻҪڼȵ֮㡱򽣷ٹ⣬岻ݴǣ
ԣλҡӿڿʲô߸˹ˣĵֱֲ˹
ҷһ𣿡ʵ漴һν鷴ʵҷһݷۺʻʱôûһǷ˭𣿡
λҡĵҲʮΣʻ鶼ضĵӸ𣬵κλһˣǸ޶֪ʲôطۿƵȨһͨҲľ档
ţһԲֱӷһնжϸϸ˵һΪΪ
˾Żźͽмֽ飬Ȼ֪⽻Ǹ
һ£ͬȼյĻһҫĿΪҡϿĵȼƶȣһȺȻڽŵУǵͷ񣬡μ˾ʦ֡
һƬſ¸˾񣬳һʱʮ𺳣ֱӸˡ
˾Żûڣǰɣⶼˣ⽨ôôذ
𺳣ҿʼ˼ҡĹǲǺִǸ
˾ţˡ
ȻƽڷҡɱΪţϰΪˣڽĿע֮£Ȼе˼ֵĲ˼
æſŵλӣǿޱʾԺʱ򣬲ͬ˴
ǰһҡһͬһھϷ⽨ʿˣ˾ʦ򲻿ɣڲɷϣ
Ȼ󣬽˾ԼԶϰԶЪλӾͷҡһ˺üǧֵСģ۾ʮֳ㣬˶תһ档
̾ΪֹԭèèƵͷΪ
˾ţǳ۵ģ۵ġ
žһ£ͷϢȼһʾʲôġͷϹðһ룬ֱӰλ⽨ʿˡ
Ȼ࣬ڵ֮£ô죿
ʱϴһ֮ͽʣɽһ㣬Ϯ
ûһվŽֱ̫ۣԭˣǹ֮ݷۺҳײ϶׷Ź
Σ˾΢
⣬롣ϸ˼һһͷѡ۲淶ᡱ仰һɣ
˾ţô˵أ˺ԲԼǿѾλһ߳һԭݷѧĳˡ


121 
ȻһʼɽҵĳͻֿЦõķʽβ
ǱʦͷҡȺϻڱ˴˰νţһ߽˾ѾЭ飬˫һλ޶үϵĽһ÷ҡ˽˰ΧȦŽ뿪
˰ɺϣֻλ޶үԽŽԱߵʱ۾һ߽Ӳʬ壬һ뿪թʬһ㣬žһͬһµ˫ۣĿ棬Ｘ
һ˾űթʬһ漴Ŀ䵭ޱؿֻλ޶үŵӲ̫ѣͷһָĪ˵ţǲ˰ң
˾űˣͲһƢʱǣ㱻˸ˡ
ұ˸ظˡ
ŽŽʱ򣬼ֱҪ̫òá
λүƺܵصľ˾仰һ׮׮һԾԺ֮Уſ£Ȼ˿ûзȵιȥ
޶үܵصľ˵ʼ
Σݵİɣ
ôôףһԲϾͰν򣬼ֱ˷ʤ
ΪˢӵģȻƽҲǹõģôܣǴܴܡ
ʼɽ֣Ǹ˰ɣ
ò޻ʲôģҪȻͲͨ׵ֵ
˾ᷢԣĺ˼룺ھȰ㻹Ǿɳͷ
ʲô
˾ǹһĨЦݣ
ʲôֶ޶үСһ·˳˳ˮû˵鲻Խ¶һã֮ɫ
źˣҪ㳭д۲淶ᡱ仰һ顣
ٱ飿ͻһӣֱӸү±ˡ
һ飬Ҫ£
ү볭ǶܺˣõһУҳ
Ȼ˾űΪǿԭѾǰСˣϾڷҡ⿰Ⱥִһ׵ĹĶǻ֮У˭һʮѧأ
΢ЦҷѾ̫ϳ˵ˣ̫ϳһ£ѾǴȰ㻹ǲҪʱ顣
ȻֻһҸ棬㡣
үˣţɵѼӲڽңձȫ
Ȼô˵Ϊ˾ֱүүҪЮʵʵؿʼ
֪ûʲôõķսʿģֱһ־ĥ
ɿҪдһ飬һ顣
үűʸӣϣȥ沿طŤС
ǵķǿԮģϾ˶ֲ٣Эɲ׾
˾žȻǰ𵶵ţල
̤ʲô˰ү˶ˡ
ϣ£ĬĬȦȦ˾š

Ž˻ڷٴн
ڷΪ˿Ŀ֮ж˼־֮⡣
һȺӸǴаѽΪе·ζ
Ъµʱ˶ˣһˮ˶ˡ
һ߿һ߶ϰԶ㷽˾ȻҪѽΪе·ϵĵ
ǵУʲôֱڤƣ
Ъĵͽѧʮа˾ųŲأͱͷǰ
𣿡Ъ²۵·˵һ룬ֻϰԶƵ
Ÿβ˿Ϊ忡һ·һȺʦʦĿ
ףʣΪҲ޿ɺǰɣ
ЪĬˣΣĹϰԶǰػ¡
ϰԶ
ЪͶ
ֻЪɫӵֵܣʵ㿴׼˶ٲ˾
͡ѽЪҲ䲻ֻϰԶ˵ֱǿֲ˹
˽ʱ򣬽һȺʦӵȺʦһȺҽ֮Էնжȫ̺Ǻ档
ʵ˶ˣ԰һӹϣʼҽ
ûɫһȺȻʲô֮һ֮
һƬ֮УһЩгһȺ龰ý಻ʹʹԭȡ衣
ʲôմӵǧϽʬ۶û̧ȡ裬ûĳ裬ĶĶȥҪʦ֮н
̲豾ܻû¶ֱӱȷ˴ʮ˰޴ʩչΪˬ
Ҳǲװˣ֪ʦƼָʲôϴ԰˽಻ͻܣֱѽΪжд̣֮졣
ȥһ䣺
ת֮ʱ۵Ļް֮ɫһ
翵ĺ۵ײס뵣͸һɲ֮ɫ

ҹ˾֮ʱһӰ
˺Ȼǽֻ࣬ʱƽĶŵ˵ر۵׾ĺ·ⶼһ˫֮С
ʱһ£Ի¡
¹ȴղһǣãֻ̫ò͸һɹŹֵ˻ƣ𣬹Ȼ򽣷ˣٹ˻ô죡


122 
Ƶ羭δתĳһ㣬ڿл͸һĪζ
ƺʲô£忡֮ϣֳŤ֮ɫ
ƺʲô˵ʲôϹһ˿ЦݣҼȻӦҪ϶Ὣϡ
ϾϣŵòƷʲ𣿡
͸һַ˸УĳֿɲĴվڸߴࡣ
Įֿ̱
ʶ֮ڣԭӦʶʱ˿̾ճĲ״֮ռݣ޿ײ룬ʶ֮⹥ӵء
ԭʶһƬ֮Уһҡҡ׹
ãռݽġˡƺЦһһƼɼİָ⻺أɢڿС

ڣ塣
յݴѶ
һڳдģʮϸؽ˷֮ⳡͻ򾭹Ȼǿҵĸƫ򣬵ǿƵϺϸ
һԼʦܴģһİԭ⴫ѶҲǺ˵ɫʡ
ټһֽϣֻдȼ֣£Ҫˣûɡ
ô˵أͺζǰ֮ǰǸ϶Ļ㱨ʱҲ϶Ѷɶͷԡ
Ͼֻһţֲ
ݴѶ֮֮ϣоþòƽ
˵˵򽣷˻û߰أѾͷҡˡ
ؾûʼؾ֮󣬽ʲôżֱǲ롣

ҹ
ڴϣձ㵽Сɽؾˣǽҹ񣬱𵽴һЩ۶ӡ
Ϊһ˲õ飬Ӧغ䡣
Ȼһڴ̱˰ʱȻۡ
۾֮вŴɻ󣺿ɶΪʲô˯ţ
ҲţӴ֮аǱĴݶһ
Ȿ˵Ҳ棬ǰս࿴ʱ滹һ飬ôҲҲһֳʱԭǡһ֮Ϣس˼֡
ϸȻдһ仰⣬½ۡ
һΪûͷûԵĻ¿һ¶Цݣ㡱뷨
һΪգһλ˼Ҿп޵УǶôį
С֮Уǲμĳ񼫴۵ᣬ˵Ӧǽ̻ԻʮŶԣ¾Լһ䡰ö˰۵᲻ϾǴɱɱ°ܽȫǡֵһĶ֡ȺƵһš
󣬾ڽβ֮д´ɣھ֮жõһЯʦʦһ½۶
⣬½ۣ˳ǧһ·նˣţڼɱħ֪

ȼ䣬·濴½޶õһ֮һ·ЯѣһҶۣ˳ǧﷵţһ·ɱħ壬ݾƷŸ̸Цò
ͷϣһʱЩ֮
һµ֮ϺЪϰԶΪĿԡ
һ룬һģʶļХԶ
ҹ˾֮ʱÿ죬ȥҲ죬·һ
ü֮սýֱӷ´𽣱塣
ƿ֮ҹӿ뷿Уҹʪˮ
ʱ֮ϣһƬףֻ¸ȡ
һ߸ңһɴ
һпȥʮ֮ϣеڲʱѲߣҲɫ糣
淿䣬ϰԶЪҲˣЪΪ̫·ˣԵòײࡣ
ǣҲʲô˰ɣ࿴ǣʵ
ϰԶͷһХĿȥҲ졣
ûͷҲһХе졣
ԭվһûʲôЪһǷҪǻȥ˯컹Ҫ
û˵꣬һ޴İӰԷϿ£򻮹Х
Ъһ˯ⲻµĶ˻ȥȥʲô
¹⣬ڿòӦóƺΪ񣬽ĵӦ˵һΪС
ֻǹɲ԰׼ӲĹǼܲƴ϶ɣĹǴų֮һ·ӿһȻķ˸С
ңⶫȥеʶĸо
Żް֮ͫףһǸħ̴ӣǹͷӣֿȥ̫һ֮⣬üֱһһ
ʮа˾ħ̴ӡഫŸϰԶЪС¡
޴ĹڷϿռӥһ㣬ް˫ڽϡ
һ룬޴ĹĹǴӭŽϮ
֮з󷨵ģͻƷ֮˺һ㴰ֽһ㽫׾ٵ˺顣
ƺովһԣĹǴ֮ϻδɺԵѪ
಻ܣὣӭϣסǴ̣ʯߵսӲҪ˺ѵȥơ
һһʱԣš
޴Ҳټڳ˯֮лѣһɫâƿնֱǹĺġ
˵һɱļơ
ֻʦվڷ۶ϣŽӸ¿
ǹƺʲôԣʶ㡣
ϧѾˣɫâ缲һױȥǹСӡ
龰˽̾
һȷʵ鴫
ʦٴγǹ֪Ķ֣ͨΪһƺɢУ֮١
ʦüͷ΢壬ĿӷŹӵĵطŲ䵽ϣҹ˯ʲô


123 
⻰ȷʵʵˣϾ˴ҹ˯ŷ磬޴İɫôôɡ
⡣һ±ӣֳһ㲻̫˼Цݣ˵ϳԶ˯žɢʳʦ𣿡
ʦһ֡㿴ɵ𡱵Žࡣ
ý¿ʵϣҲȷʵ¿
һٸʵһĳϣ˷Ҫһףʦ岻ͬʦϰˡ
˽Σšһ²һ¡ԭŽ뿪һ䣺Ժ⣬עⰲȫ𶯲ǳ鷳ġ
ࣺ⻰ˣڡ鷳֣ɼλʦֳȥְ֮ļӰ๤жʹͲѡܾӰࡱĸö֮ضͷˣֱұģ

ʮ޴֮ǹݺᣬĳһ֮ϵڼžڷ̶
Ϣܿ챻ϱһֱ͵ɽǰ
ش֮ϣ׷ɽǷ⴫Ѷ¶֮ɫ
Ƿڴݶ̶̰ʱѾշתʮڡ
Ͼʿ֮ô򶷣Ҳڲì⣬һǣħһ£ǱǴǴǵˡ
֮ϣֻҪЩŵŹ⣬Ǹһ˼ľˣһ˵϶ͬġ
ϺȻдСɽؾħ̴ӳ֣˺Ӵܡ
ȥСɽؾĵӣǸո¶ͷǵӣħڹϸôһ£Ըŵֱ֣Ŀ
½䰡ɽ

ڣ򽣷塣
ʱлɢ֮ϵ㣬۾ûֻ̧һ䣺ôˣ
йӵϢſڵ
Ŷл´ʲô𣿡
Ȼ飬Ҳǽ̸ص㣬ŵȥСɽؾ;ħ̴ˣǡúϡ
л͵ֶһ£ˮ漤𲻴С
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ȥؾ֮ǰұԤеʲôʦܣҲһͬȥҲûʲô󰭡
Ŀ⿴л£ָҶ֪Զֹڴˡ
ȷʵÿħ֮ʱ˼ɱ
οл΢˫ۣ˵򽣷ħмԵ֡
ȻԵ
򽣷嵱λʦ棬һ֮Ϊǿɱħ˵򽣷ħ֮˵ѪΪ
һʱ䣬źл¶˳Ĭ֮С
ãлһ䣬Ǳô˵
ɫŹֵǱ˵䣬˳Ȼ
лЦһ˳ȻѲػϵһħɱ𣿡

֮ϣ䲻һ磬һ䣺˭߶ң
ʱڷǹѾСɽؾϷ
ֻĿ֮Ŀ֮ǸֻڵķۣʽСģԲģʲôͺŶС
ҲǻڣҲͬĻڣһɫһſǰŸʽơ
ʲôУ硰裬һʮҹ£ϳ䡱˯ҩһȥ˯һЩȥףϸȷʵǿֿɿĶ
ˣһλ̯ڲͣޣһߣһؾرȫСɽؾſڿǧ꣬УⰡ
ˣ֮飬ĵ磬ּҵǧġ
ȵȡЪƺʲôԣûǴĻСɽؾǰİɣ
̯ȥһǧ߰꣬
ԼͬǷ֮ء
һܣЪһЩµǷſ̯ٴȥһ˿򣡡
˵ˣܣ
˶̯Ҫɱ˵ĿصڷԱߡ
Ǹջʱ򣬷ҡ۸պõִ
ʵ޻ؽȻͬǷҡ֮ǰڵһУȻڳһʻжɢһʮζ
ϸϸʻƷʯɣȥۼ
ǣҡôôǮѲп󣿡С
˵öԡЪӵµһʯϷȷʵп󡣡
һʯ


124 
˷ҡڵҲһãֻ֮ϣʽŽ裬нһ񷣬޳һ˳ԣһλϸ磬һǿ˲ã˱һؿʯ
ѽ˿Ŀɿڴͷ޸ɣҪôŶ𣬼ֱλشʮǰǿнջݵجΡ
μСɽؾĵӶҪ㼯̨֮ϣŴ󷨿
Ͼؾĳ̶ֳҲһС磬ͳȥҪضķ
ʮڰźãΪ̫ʢعעһǸͽͽӡ
ⲻע˵ãһעֱӽһս
ԭ˼ֱˣһţһ֡
ͽţ̶̫ףֱֲ˹
ӵãһѩӣȥλãЩˡ
֮ǷȺʦrapμӵķ޴·Ϊɱ𣬲Щ磬ͨʿ罣޷һ㣬ܻͬȭȴ෴Ǳȶٺܿ졣
Ȼţһʦɫ԰׵ȥˣס
ڽضڵϷ֮ʱСɽؾǿˡ
ֻ̨ϲ֪Ǹŵĳһؾڵ׼˽Ը֮ϳһ⣬һ·ӿ֮γһΪʢ󷨡
󷨴ʷʮ־ԶŹӷ·дԵۼ
һλ޴ֶϹ󷨺Ǿͨ󷨣̾ϹִСɽؾȻֱܴʡ
һ߿󷨣һ߿ڵ̯֮ġСɽؾָϡ
СɽؾȻôˣôӣ϶һЩϢйһЩ˱㷢޴̻ЩϢ㼯һؾſڶۡ
ΪŲ֪λϽֳֳһʱ䡣
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ֻթƭɷʽֱɽթƭָϣҲǿǿԼɣ
мһλϸѪᾭΪԼһλˣȫؾõ龡ϣؾ֪λԱУһ۲۵ֹ硣
ųѾˣСɽؾ֮ǰؾƣҲǲɼĵرԼɱޱΪ飬ÿĶĸߵ͡
Сɽؾ֮λ콾ǣиϹŴܵĴУÿһӶһһϹŴܵĴУĬĬŵɻڴֱʵˬġ
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˵СɽؾϰԶЪӦӵģҲӦñһ
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Ͼ浱궩µͳΪļ̳ˣҲܲȥ
ԣĿ⻺ŲƣĵĿǰĵ֮Ҫս

ؾϿգ࣬Ӧ˵ħӸµؿһУ۵׳˺ӡ
Ȼ֮Ϊħ֪Դ֮ЩȥĲʺͶ⣬ԭֻһ΢СĶ⣬һĻٳɶ࣬γ˱ηħ
˵ĲʺͶ⻯ħǶôЦһ鰡
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ʶ뷴֮ľǿҵС
Ͼǿ֮ĻʱһֱǼҳ㷹һȺӷŽȥܻų´ˣʧʧȥĿ˵һν飡

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ΪϹŴ֪ǿ౶Ϊ֮˲һ֮һҪɣִ֮޷쵽һλԥЩܵȵ𣿡
һֱԱ߳Ĭʦ壬ڿڵǶǵɫĵӣҪġ

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þ֮еʱٺܿ죬ת֮䣬Ѿüʮˡ
⼸ʮУ˰Լ˾Լ˾˾Ю˾˾ĺȵһϵɱΪ
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ֻܿ˷ЩˣܻյĴУ̾ǵ棬ıԶǡ
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⼸ʮķϴԣ˶Եһ˵˵Ųɡ
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