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:
ᣬǸС
ʮ꣬ΪСӸʦֽӦ֮磬Ҽլһ޾̣ʱֻҼұ꣬Űɵȴ̬޳ºͿ㣬̧ͷ΢΢һЦȸɽѩ
Һ͵İûϢصϢ
С硪Цң
ɹʱ򣬰һ㱧δխϸʵ˷ܾԼһ֮
ֱ󣬵ħǰ޵ϡﻩʱ֪ĸǸ֮һ޲п˲¹ͷķ.ʳ˻

ǴӶдǴѾϷޣ಻ˬ˵ĵطʼдһСֲҪ˳
ѪŰδ޾̣޾в񾭲İ

ݱǩ ֮ 
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣ  ġ㲻ֻˡ顿רȥҵ
һ仰飺޾̣ҷ
⣺´ͬ

vipǿƣ
ǬѣʦʦڣһƬȻУԭСʦõĺòͽص<br>Ϊùĵù֮һѾùǸĪδҪʲôʦħԴħˣشٽ־桭ΨһͷǬɽӡʦ
ϸ壬ڷӿħһξ޽ӵĴ¡


1 
أ
վڴ룬ͷų˵
ղԣһ£Ŀ룬ϿһɷƽʱһŵŵСʦӡ
ǡ̫ã겻˳һӣȫħڱѪ˼ѹĲŸˣһİӶ⡣
н룬һֻСèèɪɪ˵
࣬Լ࣬Ŷϸص㣺
һʦֺεʦħˣ쵰źҪ߳Чȡ
ڶδ޾ҲħˣҲǸ쵰źҪ޾̽

оȶ
Ҫ˻£һررĻ£ر飬žèĺӣ˵ҪˣʵڱҪ԰޾̵ڳǽҹġ޾Ǹ쵰ĵġ
ȴü˳ۣȲһλ˵꣬ӦӶŵġ
ſӦ̫ˣ϶ʱֳɵɫʣʣǲǲ
ûûСʾֻҺ޾̵˽£ҲغϵĹ£Ͷħ壬ﳬǣ˵ôҾô
ˣɫźͻ
룬صӡϵħ磬ǱǱ壬صӾܽס
Ŷ˶٣ʲô˵ϵҲصģһȥѰҩʵѰҩҲ޷ڵĸеĸƣ޾ϵĲӹƣ޾ˣӹȥƶȻ⿪˲ֺ
ԹԵͷ
ŷһ׮£˵Ψһһеο¡
̶̵УħսսһħҶƳħӡħͼ|Ǭ磬ɽĻ̻̣ӶȻڡħ׳Ƴ
ֻҪ뵽ЩźͷҪ³һѪ
̾һĿƣź
ŮһɫطϸͷĿֻڵ棬վ˱ͦһɣһƽӹʵ
ٿȻһӿ˵ĺʹ
ѹʵĴʦ֡شϲ״ǰΨһĵӣ
ǰħս˲أ峤սΪ˽ɱǰһħѪɲʦָ齣֮ͬھʬû¡
ĴʦְǺȻһնɽĴʦ֣ôôˣ
ٿһʱʦյòһɬʹǰ󷢺ڡ
þûС̧һͷƿԼʪۿ
ȥɡűۣƣذڰ֣úӣȥúȥɡ
͵Ӧһһת߳
żƹתǣһܿߣ۽Ⱦ
նһգֱ״塣
·ԽյҲȥֻһιķŪһ̧ͷͿĽâʱöŴͶ̥ȥ
һܣûע⾭˭ȿ˲״壬ڲݵϣһԼ
״ʦ״Ķ壬ֻסʦˡ
ɽ𵤺󣬱Ӧóȥһʦ᲻ͰѲ״ԱһС壬춴ǰûгȥڲ״ֿϡ
ֱħս˽֪״䣬ʬǶûܴʦ̷״壬ԭģԭԼʰɨ˼ʦ˻ȥһ
ûȥ״壬ֱӳԼС
СһƬɽˮ䣬ǰֵĺôһƬ԰ָƯֲֻ̫æѾüûоչ˹һЩȽϽ黨ѾήմıСҧͽ̵ˡ
һֻСųͷһһë޵СԴԲЩ̫æˣпһ㣬ҼӲ͡
Сǿ౽ΧȥóƴɽŽһůĲľԼƮ
߽ȥĶʿأһСԺӣм䲻С鷿ҺԷСԭɫľ壬̽ǵ»һҶС壬ڷ紵ʱȸһ죬߹ʱ綼
˼ȴ˿ûͣЪ˼С۷һȥÿϸתһ飬ȷûڷģܻԼԷ
ԷҲʿס񷲼ŮҵĹ뷿װΰڼģȥ¥һżӴǳɫʣ߷һСľһĴָǴ״ӣǰ޹ģֱһȻ⡣
ڻˣ̴߶֪ȥ˶ãʱˣ̫̫ྶûôĥߴģ
ı飬һֵĻ졣
Ÿ˵˺ö߹ȥѳյ֪̾ģʦֺεʦں󣬲űû˺üգѹкöҪԾͶ˵һĺ࣬ҽһۣŵͷˡ
ǿɲôӣһͽһͽۿٹЩиɽţһȫħˡʲôùҪ˵ֻǱˣܵ
˵˵ţҲ꣺뵱Ϲţˣûħ˵ĵطɿˮתĳħˣô嶼ѾħͶϣ˵׼ĸ컻أħӴ巴һ֮ءֻֻ۱ֻʵװˡ
ԽԽζָĵᣬܲ˵ġ
鱻һ࣬ʱ߳ŭţ㻹Ҵң˭㿴ˣ˭ʦˣûĵĸĺ
ûУҾᵯһ¡ļѹȥֱ÷÷򣬺˵ģϽȰѳǵӡ
ʱˡ
һϽߵǽߣ͵
ͿǳɫǽתŻһڶڣȥ
ǸССķ䣬һű齣ɢħʴ죬СĿռɱŤܽκοԺη֮⡣
ȴܲһĬĬܵ齱ߣűĿˣŴۿһ죬
ʦ
л˵
һ
󣬴ֿ


2 
ֻԷһСһСΣû취ǽڻһΩΩФĴͻݷ羰ߵյ޵ƣ谵Ͼһˡ
Ǹģӣ̩üĿͣ۳˯ʱϷ·Ҳ۷Ӻǡ
šصκһϵڴˣȻ
ʦ˽֪Ѿħսϵشϡ״𣬺ܡ
ߵߣģʦһ
ѳųŵʦߣͻȻСݣһųҪƿڴͶϺŷŴס
ã鱻ŵ⧲˸ãߵ໰ʶס
źܵĸͽܣ
Ǿ˫Ϲ첻µز£дĻħͷͺ֮ǱС裬ƽΨһԹĴͷǵںΪѱݺʰһ󣬿˵̫̹ˡ
ǰӰ̫ˣں»ˣҲ˵ġ
˱ƵóһۺܵԼԱ߹߹ߺߣҲҪԱߣ
ѾȥСߵˮˣˮ߲ΪȻʦ˯ţֲ㣬㻹ɶ
֪ƨ֪¹ôصӰŭ𣺡֪ҵֵôĸⱦͽ㵱Ȼ£˵ߣӲҪ
ԡ
ǰʦ£ûʦͰѳԼһҲûʦãôӰ
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һµһֻëСУδʵˡ
ùˣСǩպˮˮʦ촽Ȼڣ¶ָһҧָ⣬Ѫʱðȥָ׼ܵ촽ʺѪ䣬һһΣϢȥ
Ѿ뵳һƬĺɫħ䶯ţǻɢȥϸħȻÿһƤݷ˿˿ƻ
˹ˡͷĳ£ܸٺȾٺȵ㣬񫣬ҪԽԽÿθȵԽ٣ܵʱϵԽ
ϽջĿȴʦ
ɫ԰ף˫ĿݣϢһħ綾ɾݣī˿Ѿ׳ѩһɫ
˵ֹʡѵòǷˣ˵Ѿħˣ㶮𣬲ʦʦͶħħġ׵ħȫħ͸ˣǲģ־㣬ԸħǾֻȥܰħսŵϻܽҵԼѪ⹩ħٶȣվֻӣǾΣͷҪģȳľ˵ð״Լһ
Ȼһգգűϵˣû˵
磬ӱŵļзеײײշת䴹ʱ򣬱ʦ£ʦڱ䣬أһޱȹƴ磬꣬ʽΪصӣߵŰݾ裬ʦ£Ψһĵӡ
ʮʱҪˣҪɴˣʦرˣǰϦ͸һƯӣҪ¡
ӣһԲεƳǣʦǳ飬ǼϹʱ̣Ԫһ˼صˡʲôľ綾·Ǳʱ򣬶ڻһβδԪȡָƻأֱԪľΪֹ
Ӵ˳飬ǺѣС飬ҲǶ˺ܶܶԶʵı
ǰͻԪӤˣûü˸߲ҸʦϢһħѪɲƽħս
һսħܱսذѪɺӣɽɻҡ
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ô죿
ô죬Ը⣬Ը⡣
س˵Լ̫ѹˣʦڷļ磬齣ȥʦعǴӦˣ뿪أȴûȥ䣬ȥħսŵأǼƬ齣Ƭڳİ£Ƭսŵط飬һʬɽȣѪˮʬ棬ҵħʦ
ŴڣһλħĴϣǸ˸˽֪ѾΪսġĲ״ǶشǶʦ衣
ǰҲʦкţҲһ컹ѹܿô
԰ûиκˣһüʦ𿸳ħսأʱûʦεʦѳţɽĶҲԳҹɫİʦضСԼѪιʦħٶȡ
˼ȻףѾ飬ô죬ʦʦ𰡣ԸûҲԸϣ
鿴һ˵¾װ̫˽ʲôԣʱЦˣͲаǰɣУ㣬«һúܣ
ûʲô⡣ͷС˵ֻǾã˵Ҳܾʦı
鷭ۣҶȲ㻹ָʲôţܾ
Ʈһ˲СС죺ǿɲһ
𣺡˵ʲôб´˵
סͣӱ齵³СţȥҸط£Ҳ˵ҵˣϿͻԪӤڣҾԪöܵԪøʦء
鱻ҭסҧгݣֿʼ߶߶֣ǵù͸ˣ˯ôúòױѣϸܣ̯һƨߵԼѪ˼ģνپˣӾˣʱҸµĹȥ˵ʲôʲôϡù㹷ƨ¶ء
ھߣһֱ÷۾û˵ҪٳҾҪ߻ħˡ
𣺡ƨ£ҹ벻ħ
˵ħֻܴһħȥ
飺
ʱͲܽгˣļ˵ֻܸˣԺͽдħͷɡ
飺
飺
𣺡ͷĹͷ


3 
һҹ糿ȥ齱߿ʦ
˫Ŀرգɫ԰ףݵüͷʼš
ﾾۡ
ʦشϣ𣬴Ԩŵȣô԰ģ
ۣܽʹڻ˯ҲܵģΧѾħ
۵׷ᣬòָι˼ѪЩħܿʧˣȴ
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۾ֺܿȥߵһȪˮֽܵСǩմʪܲ԰׸ѵ촽ʪˣȻմʪһϸϸ²Ӹͷһᡣ
ֻ͵С۷䣬޲ܸʦźһȾܵװ׾
һжŪˣſ齱ߣĥĥ䲻Ըȥ˽ӵСӣС˵ʦҳȥˣǰ˵ٱǱһķҲ֪ûãҷѾԤˣһû
һ˵ûˣֱۣŵʱôûС뷳㵽߲ߣһٵ˼ҾͰѶˣ
һԱӣ̽һˣʦһ
Цʣģܷ˲ɡ
ĬĬҪᡢҪȣǲܱġ
ǽǽٴתһڣȥֱܳǴչҪܱߺһһҼӲ͡
Уնֱٱ
Ǭ硣
ǬƴޱߣϹв֪£˽޵ΪǬɢǺ㲻ɼš壬ڵأǵ¹ϵĵһš
ΪڣصʷɽռصȻҲޱȹǧ۷壬ٲ̨ͤ¥ļְһذɺڰټң˽޷޵ЩɱĵеЩƽĵиܵأ֮⣬⡢ִЩĶ伮ִάĵطٱͽеȸС
ȸǰֻߴƷ̳һֻչ᰿ķȸƽʱĴֽȴԵÿյģڳ̯λϡϡġ
ԴҲûֱ̫࣬־ͷİٱȥ
ٱǰҲģһ룬ȻܼҲûʲôӰֻй̨ǰһŻɫ۵ڰزỤ̄һʱЦʦ㣡ˣһΪҲǰȥأ׷ڿⷿţ͸ù
µʲôʲô
ʱȹѵŮ޴߽Ϊ׵Ůһʹǲһɲճֿ󷨰
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Ůʮģһǳȹѣò޽ߵ鷢һܾɵСౣ׺ǵСʯһ쳤ޣ໹ŵƷ
Ҳ̧ͷĿԣɲǼ׺͵ػһ
ô
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Ŷ~¸˷ܣСˣ
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Խ˲ը˵겻˳㱻εӣֱˣôĶĶ͵ù
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Уҵûȥ
Խ﷭ۣǸ츳أûҲʲôŴðɡ
ûɶӦΪصմ֪ӣȷʵУӹͨżҵĻʦεʦѾԪӤ۷ˣŵԽﶼѾԪӤˣصһ˵ʦ£ȴȻԪӤڡ
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ԽſʶһͻȻ״ѾˣٲǰʦˣȻֻܿԼˡ
Խס״ˣ˵¡
ˣø˵Խﲻͷӻ֣ŤͷҪߣͻȻʲôܻ˵ˣʦҸһʦεʦ˵ǵ
ʦεʦ㣿סģ
ȻġԽԱ߿˿ѹϲ˷ܣʦʦ˵ʦεʦڣвѵɵġ
˷ܣΪ۾Ҳһ
˺εöصӵ壬˫赣صĽصġ
ȥħսʦڻεںģûۼڵĳʹתģһĻĵˡ
Ҿһֱţö˶˵ģǻʦεʦôءԽ˵һвѵĿԡ
Сʦ÷׷׵ͷͣΨһԲСʦãͷС˵ǡ첻ǳȥˡҳȥʱдԣ˵εʦڣΪħ顭
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ԽȻ˵ܣ
εʦôħ顣˷ߺޣ˭ôεʦ㡣
ǻ룬϶ЩεʦĻŮˡԽЦεʦᣬڴжſϲεʦ㣬ƽʱۺòˣҵˣȻ˵˵ʹĨεʦ㡣
Խ˵ţԲСʦãĻҲţ˺˵˵εʦƽʱʲôصԼ֪𣿣
ԲСʦñ˵ˣûţҲ˵ģз˵бۡ
Խ˵ʲôбۣ
˵˵εʦڣħԲСʦ飺˵Ҫǻʦϲεʦ㣬Ǿεʦڵģ˵εʦˮЩħŴ壬ϵҲǰĽεʦ㣬ŴͶħġ
Խɫ˲ˣ˵
δ䣬ʶ뿴򰢳
ԱŶĳԹϣ⧲ϾͳԵԼϡ
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ԽɫҲÿҧ촽񲻶˸һַ˵߰ҥ˵ŻʦεʦпԵģҲŴɣʲôҲǻᱳһԵɣǲҪҲ²⡣
ԵĶԵġʦڨЦȻС򰢳
֪˵ʲôʵε˿ٵأͷ״רעŹ̨ĸֱ
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ԽûŤ޲øϿˣ첻Īȣ󵽵ױŤŤȥʦܺ䵽һȥڰѹǶҥԣ㻹氡
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ǵģ޾̶»ܴһԭΪ޾ͬơ˼
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֪˲֪࣬ʲôʱʼһЩҥԣ˵޾̵µġ
ΣͣͶûš
ȻԽˣʱƲ죺װʲô޹˼ƣϡЧ⣬Ͼĸƣиʦɽܸһ£ĸŮܷѾ˼
ĬĬ룬˵㶼ţ޾ϵ˼ŮµģǸµģǵ걻޾ָɵ׸µġ
Ŵ壬Ҳ˶٣ǵճӡ峤˽ɾԪӤ۷ˣȣھӢɿǻʦһϸ¡ԽԽ˵ԽᡢԽ˵Խ߷߲ƽأкʦ˼ûа취ܺ㶩»߻һˣȴòòԶ㡪иԶ׵ǰ̣
ĬĬ꣬ƿԡ
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Խÿ񶾻㻹ʲô˵ģ
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ԽԲԲ۵С߷߲ƽ۾װЩȥ
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˺
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ȴҡҡͷ˵ʲôתȥʯŵ̨ϣ챧˵ʲôŵƺȻһ̡
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Խ׼ٻغϣͼٿȻɫת˷Ƶܡ
㡪Խ˴ʶ׷ſڣֻʣգ۾ʧֻеɢźüö죬ȻǺµġ
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һ·ز״壬鱾޾ǸƵ£۾ˣӲû֨
ԶԶŻ󿪣˲˰أ
붼ûȥߵĹ켣һ·嵽Է¥¡
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ʮű׵ϽĬ⻨⣬ӻԴһ֦бĴߣǰϸɴɴ΢΢ӳһӰ
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ֻŴߣ̧һֻ֣ϸָ𣬷һ͵⣬ǻʳеͷ˿
סˡ
΢΢׿˫ƵһЦ⣬мЦЦ㵹֪


4 
Ƿ绪꣬ðû
ʵǣǧҪ˵ˣһ˵ˣ˾ˡ
ҿƾȻ鿴޾̣˲ըˣȥĺлǧйǽͷҹɹ˸ɡ

Ͳøô๷Ѫ
ԺǰϽ㡢һĸߴ˫ֱȭ
ٷˡ
ڽҲ뵥ϥ£нֹһҲޣ˲ʱÿ·
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ô˵޾Цʣǲӻˡ

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һλŵۺϳչص˿ţĪƿۡ
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ܣʦ˵ˣͶħˣܺħסϣĻ£ˣɽſǱô
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룬ǲȻأ벻룬ҿñ
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ҿûô˵Ȼصӣŵҿ϶Υġ
á޾̹һЦصմţЩ˵ľһ
оˣǿ򶨣ûģ
޾̺Ц
̲סˣЦ۾䣬һˮ
л֣˵ĸһŶ
ǱʲôƨӣҪʲô£ԥһ£ͷ̽ʣʲô£
Ҹ㣬ҽ޾´ߵĻָ֦Ű׵ԲĵĿȴʼϣͻȻ۾
ĺ
޾΢΢Цţ촽ƶ˵黰һЦŶ˵Ρ

ըˣ޾̣
޾Цָһɣһĵ󻨰ֱֱţ˲ɢһ

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û˵ʲôѾȲ
޾̾ǱģһֱӰѴϣתȥ
޾̡⧲һԽֿɬްѻµصĸ֨һ̧ͷصýģӰûˡ

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ĶӣһŤͷ͸ԱŸ
ˣôԽԽҪ
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ȴ˿ûעЩɫֻǽڣɫǽ棬ʦǽڣ
˵һ붼ûȥһͷСţ޾ײ
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޾⧲ײһֻû
ǸԼؿë޵ĺףͻȻŭЦŲһת˳ֱƵڴϣȻ־ס󾱡
һçǰײûײȻоԼٶȱˣûüӦǰһգ󾱱ססè䱻һסڿһ£ֱĵһʵĻ
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˴
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޾ŭЦƺŵס°ֻͣסԣƽԼߵľ룬Ȼҧһڡ

ɴ۾ʯһ𾪿
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ˣ
޾ҧһڣһͷºۼҰޣϢɻɿŮļⱻµʪƤϸۣûôһСѾԵһȦ΢ӡţһգգĪЩٺһ
ѹЩ˼̧ͷ͵΢΢һЦ
ҵƷˡ£Ц˵ܵƲԼ
а
ǹģ񾭲ҪŪˣŸˡ
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ôҲֻһУ޴СӣⱲӶѧ˶⡣
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
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޾̴ûʶԼü۽չ
ɻȴر
ЩͷûüжֻһһСһоѣйɵʧֿʼ
޾̵üͷһ

һŪͷݽβǵξѣԼ
ɶһ̫ƶˡ
ͷ޾Լ֣ȻȻرô䰮ı
Щǡ˼ӰѣӹƱ׽׽ֹǣ֪Ҳû
һˮµΡ
ǼٵģӰһɢȥˡ
ۣԭе½ƽ
еЦе䣬ܹ黹ƽ
Ҳˡ˵ɿҰɡ
ŭʧˣƽ
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ȥ֣Ϊѵû֮ǰһǿƽţ׾֣ܿĿ⣬ϥͣ˼Ȼת
޾Ŀ񲻶ɫͷǣʼϸϸ۲һһ
Ůתϸͫ峺ŹɾĹ󣬲ʲôˣҲûκοܵĲ¼ɻ߷ŭ
˼תûʲôȻ
޾̽ѰЦŻ
˿ûĶŪԱߵСʣڴ߲Զλ¡
㹻ӹƸܵĸƵϢŻᱻƽ
֪ڵӹƷˣܡС̾͵͵˵㣬˯һ°ɣ˯˵


5 
޾΢΢һ£Ȼþҹ˿
Ǹֵˣէһױȵ廪һºͶׯĸ߹󣬵ܿܿһ˿Űƻ
Щӵġ׽޾ôһˣһֶ|ʮŮʱĺ޷ܵĶ
Բֱ̫
΢΢࿪ͷĬĬ治õ͸ĸε֣ȥСţһԵñͷת򡢸칬ѹҶ

޾Ц˵֪㰮ҡ
ߣָſڣԲعȥ
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бӿڴͷ봹ϸĪЦ˺ð죬ЦӷһѪɫ͵ᴭһĴ˯Ļ
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ʶ˦߬
壺޾̣
޾ȴЦ֣߬ǵһֻ齣ĿַԼӡ

̾һһֱֻ￴㣬žİ
Ź֡
ĬĬƭͻỨĻ쵰
飬һҪԼֳ֣
޾̼ôӦʵڲ飬ԭ΢΢Ĵѹƽˣһۣ߬Դ£ѹסȻۡ

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֪ǹԼû꣬û˵
޾ûĶ΢΢һ۾Ƴһ£Բ۾ԼĪֺЦһЦ۾ɸ󣬲Ʊۡ
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ÿÿЩۣԡ
ٵģȫǼٵ
裬ȫĳװġ
޾̣۳˯ƽǣŵЦʧ¶̷߶ͦεüǣѣ촽飬һӢĮò
Ȳ߻Ҳƽºʵܣ׽
޾̵˯ݣһͷԽԽӴߣαװַ飬ҲҲһЩԼֲ˿־ǡִ顣
쵰߷߲ƽͶħô߳ȥ
ҪͶħˣǱǲġѾСռߵأ˵¿顣
飿ʲô顣˵Ųǲ˵²ˣզأѵҪŽᰡ
ûȴţ޾еӣ˳ġ
ʵе㲻ף޾ΪʲôҪֺĻѾˣʦӡѾˣûʲôܹܵʱϵĻˣӦ
Ŷԣһơ˼ûأҲֻɡ
ˣ鼱ˣһһᣬҵһҰֲǲ֪òܺúίߣòˣôˣ
˰죬ᶨصͷŵɽҪôҾ
鵹һƿڴϾʥĸô

ǰ֪ҵĲǸöֲ»һûüֵˣܻɱ֪⻹ҪҪ
תȦ֣Цڸˣò׻ԼܽˣԼԸҿɲȺͺ¿ûĳɴкˣкɣ
ͷͷġ
鿴װף
Ŷ䣬ſڴߣˣҪ˯ˡ
ϲŭһ¡
˼һƣΪĸƺӹƣ˵ӹƵ˻ԶĸƵˣӹĸƱóϦһ룬ʱԳӹƾͻᷢӹƵᷢһʹ࣬ʹ
ڵĸƣӹƣ˼ĸƶûʲô˺Ͼһ鶾ԺҲһЩӰġ
ͱ磬޾һʱĸƻ»סӵĸף᲻ġ
鿴źſƤԽԽ£СԴȦڸ첲
Դӵ֪ʦ£⼸ľһֱţһҽţ޾ߣȻܲϣֻƳϢˮڣůȪˮƣӿûһ֪Ҳ˯ˡ
鿴źСƽ˯ˣһë޵СȮһʶ޾ȥ
޾Ҳ˯Խ촽գĺ΢΢޽鷢һһſţƽＦɹ֣ȴ|ܵؿ˴ˣͷͷǵһ
ƱϾƣѵʱм־ֿ˯Уվƾı|ܡ
ʲôı|ܣ
ʮͶ»ԼŮദʱ⣬һжвܲɷֵġ˼
ı|ܡ
鿴ʲôҲ˵ˣǳؼ̡
ԩ


6 
޾ʶѡ
һʮ΢ĸ֪ʶԼ˯һһ̣֪ߡ
Ѿܾò˯
ʲôĸʲôı̳ʣûκ壬˼һ˩סӣӹݷҹͣؼУߥɳĸƴڵĵط
Ǹطֻһ֡

޾̻ۣȿŮںڵ޷
촽Ƥס֬ϸ
ſߣ۾°͵ڸ첲ССغ˯̫ˣСһͷ˯ɢ˿ͷɢɢ䣬Ǳֲ壬ƫƫǧ˿Ƶ˿ܲסĲӣ
޾ᵽϳĻ㣬ÿһͷꡣ
ӹ䶯ţʳҡĹȮ׾ٵػѸٿ|̡ܵ
ͫû谵᲻ܿƵ΢
޾̾þ䰵
죬ڵͷͦıգǣڿʼ˵˱Ȳòͷһƿҩ

һֻ֣סôô޴촹ľУƻս롭
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޾һ٣ϵЦʧˣһЩµ
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ʵҲôġ˵ڵǬ磬϶޷һεħսˣھʹ򣬺ܱ֮ܿսһսܣԴ˱ħƽռǬ磬ǴӴ˷˵عֻܱϵ乶Ӳдٲˡ
ڷ
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εʦ㣬ħãҲΪ󣬲ַֹͣĲӡ޾˵Ϊ룬˵ࡢ˵ҵħƳ
ŴղŲ˵εʦȰǳƳ뱣סĻ֡
ǣǡ޾Ц뱣סĻ֣Ϊ߽Уһȫĺƽ
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˵ˡ޾ڱĵ֣ҲЦ
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л˵
ҹ԰̬ȷǳìŤ
ƽʱǸгǸ񾭲Ψ԰ʱ򣬾ͱɸô񾭲񾭲plus


7 
ĪͻȻһ
Ǳ
Сţ.ը໽һԿײȥ
޾ЦŲë
࿴αδŤһ𣬼ɹװΰڼžҵ
䡪
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˫ٿȻɴ
޾̰ڵϾСȭͷ͵ذ޾ƿһͷýС¹æԼ·ߴߴˣ֪ǳʲô£ǸϿȥ
޾ǣһܿ쵭ʧ΢޳̬չһģ˵ʰ
һɻֱǣ޾̣
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Ҫ
ŤͷܣԼȥԼȥ
á޾ЦҸúһˡ
תܻܹһԸ·
׺ݣ·Ҫ·˺
޾еЦڱקҡһεʱڽʧˣޱ飬Ŀצӣˣָ֪㡣
󣬴ɿ֣Ťͷˡ
޾ۿһߣԼڣڵ帧ƽߡ
߳Էʱһתһڡ
ԷĲ٣Է䣬ɽʿĵ߻ϲŪݲݣԺݵޣҲһǰ黨˿εȽǵοյСޣͷһյ壬ǽڻһǳǳŨŨΪš
ӡ
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û˵ʲôߣܹڽȻں棬ȥ
ƻʱ֣ͱɽӣ񰵽ɫĻīΪһ޵ĹӰ
һ·յǰԶԶǰĹ㳡ΧˣŲʮλվڵǰľϣŭŽ¡
ңңˣŮ
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ˮΪΪǣĴʺ޾̣ʵϣεʦҲǰûеġ
ŮӾòһϾһĶǣģȴģǬ׷Ź»泤׷ݵĵطһ˫Ĵˮ·ܵϴһ˸еԵο塣
һһŮ·⻪ϣ¾ôţҲ԰Ǳڷ
˫ڣͽࡢͽεá
ڵϣԶԶǹһᡣ
ָг̣еĳеĶ̵㣬ɽҲһʦֽ㣬ҲһùҹĿСʦá
ָָһ۾ܿöϸССĴָ
εö˵ָ
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޾̩Ȼ䣬߻ݡ
ϽȻȺΪǸһСطһ˫˫ɻ򲻷޻ӵ۾ǶߵˣżмӹֺܿȻƿȻΪʵûʲô壬ǿû
Ȼһ㱡
һ̫гϢˣʮʱҲ
ǰǸΪ˼»޾̸ճΪʱûĿٵԻȫȫϲŬɵһΧתÿɵֻٸ߸ߡ
ٶڣ֪˺۵곤ߴĲѪ۵ıѾɷ绪¶վߣһһȥȴѾԽԽСԽԽ΢ˡ
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Ψˡ
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ŤͷȥԽＸ߹
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ԽԭԱߵ޾̵ʱ򣬾һ£۾Ա߲ҿƶࡣ
̲סҡͷ
Խ񿴼ʮʱԼҲױ޾̵ļĿԻ󣬾µһãڷԡ
úõô͵ùϲôһ쵰أ
ԽﵱȻ֪ڸʲô
ߣҿ޾ֱ̣ͦͦߵһߡ
кţԽɿû˲ԣ̧ȥӵӣԼգûкҲûзȣһûʧ̬
ͻȻԼϣæͷͶϺĬĬעӡ
ԽͷƤ˲һ飬ŵ߳ŭʲô
ҴһСС˼ĬĬƻȥûʲôһΪл˵
鿴áҡͷ
ôݴȵδޣ˺СɵӣҲڶ
ԽһԼĿģʱóһ죺ʲô
һԼ֮ǰµ졣
ôõ춼һأҾ˵ö˷ѡԽ﷭ۣذ´ΣҪʮʯȥֱӵ¯ջá
Ż죬֧߰Խﶼˡ
ԽҲϲδǸŮˣеϺȥȴҲһһ졢ֵǺȫظ͹
죬Ȼе˵Ŀġ
Ȼʦڻԣδ˼Ī⡣
ţмңЩϸСȴʵů
Ц˵лл
Խﲻ͵ذڰ֣˵ʲôȻ㳡ͷһŭȣ࣡
Խͬʱһæȥͼ̨ϲŭڣֱָ¹ŵĻࣺԹħƲΪصӣȴѳͶħ岻ҲТûĵӣȼسְˣ


8 
ǰѹѹ̡
ʮǰͶħشǶǬļ
ӼԽԽѡħͶϣħҲֹͣǬţ˫ӭݵĺƽ̬ȴˡ
֪ʱһָԽԽ㣺ħǬ磬ԴħΡ̫ƽ
ԽޱȽŹ㳡һͬһɽѹ£·ҵ嶼һ
ʦ˵˵ʦֲͶħġԽ֣߬ᶼҪðô˵ôôô˵
ŴһգգŹ㳡ɤŵϷ˿
Ȼأ²֪һЩ֪Խ֪֪ħ֪ħ֪
ܣ
ȫ˵ĿУűѻʦֵһͶħͽϴɫ顣
Խһ̲ס˲۾
岻ҲТ˸˶Ļ񲻿ܡ
죬̧ͷ
һ꣬˫ڣһΪʯΪͽͰ֮ˡȣһʯҲѹһķڷ
ŽȴѳţʦǲҲТԼЩ֪
ԱߵεĿˮһְݵĿ
ȫ֪ʱ˶ĬĬˡ
촽ۿҲʪȴ飬ȣѷӣؿڳƵ̬
ŴǸɬѣѪ
ʦ佫ǳУԶΪصӡ
ͷͷӴֻһӦʣūeܵء
Цūeܵأʲô
ԶԶĬĬš
ūeܵأΪ׵ڹͬƹ뾳ܳףϹǬصһؾ䱦˵صһһֻϹŵ⣬޻ݡ
޻ݣٲȴħʳ֮ǧ޻Ǵ˵Ϲҩ
һֱдԣħȻһħѪɲħ֣ػΪչ٣Ҳصͷʱǲ壬ûҩҽΣ᳹׷ԽԱҧ˵ġ
Ǳ߹ڵϵĻȻ˵ħħֲȫͷأҩҽΣħᱬѶأڿūeܵأȡ޻ݣ֮Σǽ֮Σ
ŭЦħնħҪؾȡҩһħͷ㻹ңħطħ
ʦ𣡡Ůε̲ס̧ͷֱŲţ˫Ŀ᣺ǾһħǾ£ǾȲ
㻹ҽʦ𣿣ŲȻŭεã۰ŮĺӣʹޣȣãȻһʦ㣡¶˵ħң㣬ħû˽飿
͵۾û뵽Żᵱʳһ
ɫ䣬ʶ˵ʲôʹ͵Ůȴ
С
ε˫Ŀᣬ˵ʦ𣬵ӲԸƭ
ӲТʡּᶨȷǣá
شҡΡ
˻Ȼ󾪡
൹Խһµɴ۾˺ݺײһӣȻ
֪ԼҲ顣
Ѿ׼εʦ׿ڳϵһ̣ͷıݡ
εʦ㣬İħ
һ˲ӿհףãȻңεʦ㣬벻ס
Ϊʲôѽ
ôϲħˣΪʲôϲħѽ
ǵεʦ㰡߻εʦ㰡ô͡ôͱˣ
еһãȻı
ȻֱУһЦ
һֿЦƵĵĳŪ׽ζ
ȻһĪĻ
ڳŪʲôŪεʦ㰮һħǳŪεʦమħ
ҧ뿴ֱŹ㳡εʦηĿֱӽϵĲţһ͵˵ħħͱħһױһħѪɲƣûԼѡȨѪɲѪɲħ֣ħϽħʵɱˣҲ˺壬ֻ뿪Ǻڰħ磬ֻҲǬиŰҵĵط
Ϊħ˵ȫסڡ
ħ֮꣬˶ˣ˶ѪˮʬѵѵͷҪôԶȥ𣿡εȴԸͣ£ᶨľģѪǬ˹ξͲһطҲһܻĵ£վڻݷïĴϣֻħ粻յʬɽѪб˴ɲɱԣԹͬƬϣԺƽദԺͲħ֮ǧһٵɱ¾ѵͲ𣿡
Ҳȥˣŭȣ޺ڣȡش
ڳŭⲪȻҲһ·΢ԥȰС¡
ǲȡұ
һӿȰοڳϣֻ֣һƶֱֱУһͨڳĳޣľȴı󣬺Ȼرޡ
ޣһ֮¿ɽصвȡ
εϡãһһٸҺұ¾顣
ʦ𣡡̲סʦ𣡣
εֱֱŲš
ûһ˿⣬ֻԳŨȴ¶һ˵ļᶨͣѩ÷ϣ˪ޣþĶǡ
ϹĹ㳡ϣΣǳˮȴͲۣ˱һ겻޾Ļ
ҰҲҲٿս׷ɡͿֻ̿һȫᣬӣԸܴޣؿūeؾȡ޻ݣħͣƽ˺ħ֮

ȫѻȸػǹϸӰ
ˣ
һ̣룺
ϾУŮˣ
һ̣ȫĵ׾ʲô뷨˶ԼͬѸӵĿϣгһˣٿκη羰
Ҳ峺ĿӳӰ
ԺкȻ̾磬Ӣڣεʦ㣬ֲô콾
Ĭ˺һ˵εʦ㣬ĺ
òֹòڻ飬
ȷʵ̾㲻Ҫ˵εʦŮˣ޾ϲǰ㲻֡
ȫµŮУŮױĽŮ˵УģױĽģŮˣвһ뷨дգ־ǿǺˡһֿŵضҪΪȫ˵ˡ

û˵
þŹεʦ㣬룬ôأ


9 
㳡
á
ӿϺͷһѪŭЦĺõӡ
а֣ߵڰףȻˣұȫ㣡
һӱޣңңڿлһݵâֱֱڽµεá
𡪡
ʦã
찡
ʦ㡪
εʦ㣡
˲侪͵ſֱۣԥεǰεÿʦߡ
һ޺ݺݳڻѪ˲ƿ½󣬻ƺһܲãȴδջأβԽ庮ŭԳε
ͫͽ־Ҫȥ߬Ǳβ

һȥΪεʦ㵲⹥Ҳͬʱоͬ΢Ϣ
ͻȻеԼʶôáô˽һ¾ܿ
Լ̬ˣôһ̣Ҳеɬɬ
޾̶ĳȴҲȥΪεʦ㵲һ޵ġ
ʶ꣬ơ˼лҲⱻõأһޣһԸΪ
ͻȻ뵽Щͷһɬ⡣
׻ǸˣôװûϵӦ˶ã̲סеѹ
գգ۾۵׵ɬȥ
ԴʦԺԽԽƸˣⲻã֧֧
޾ͻȻǲʲôͷѾϽƫͷմ鷢е㷺۽ǡ
޾ԲЩ
Щԣ΢΢üְɫȻ
ɫ΢һջ¿㳡
㳡ϣڱβ˦֣ҪεüͷʱһȻϯɭɭħŭ
һߴӰӹٿȻ֣ĿŨüۣ߾ųߣͷ֧ħǸ׺꣬ʵֱһεõεŵţβֱۻһѪۡ
öɫ䣬żȥ˿ڣô
û¡εɫ԰ףЩҧŴǣһֻסֱۣ𼱣û¡
ôû£ֱ۵ѪȻŭ˵ԲסأƫҪס㣬Ҳ˴ҲˣôޣһȥǺҪ
͵תͷĿŽϵĲţŭ𣺡ƥеҾһսηͷηβӲֻصöһŮӣѵν𣿣
εü磡
ſεñ޳Уղ񸡳ʹһеĲȻ⣬ຮ
ħⲻһջа֮ħ֮עʤңνƽĿܡ
ЦĵӣȴħΪ飬ܱޣұҶޣǷǣħ๡
ŭħסӣ˫˲졣
ƥ򡪡Ⱦħı壬ħ纣ХȣܿƵع˷ɫ䣬ƽڳɫһݣ׷׼Էһ䣬㳡Χƴ𣬽ħסվմޣȻ޾壬ХսǱսٹ⣬ǽվսڴˣҲݶħΪ
൥ϥڵϣűѪ͸ļͷԸεͷȣʦ侲˾أ
ʦֻħַƲסԼľؿս֮⡣εҲݼУڳϣߵ˫ͨҪƽȥħǰס֣ٿȻ᣺磬侲㿴ңҺúõģ𼤶侲
ᣬһ˫ĿȥɫŽ
öĨĨ۽ǵ飬͵ذ§С
ЩǣƿۣüԼЩį
Ҳͷһˣߴΰħӵȹѵӣᣬħɣ紹һ̿Ǣܰ
Ҳǣ죬תͷ޾̡
޾΢΢ףں˫Ƶң໥˵ˣĿĮ纣׽塣
עӣܴݵӣЦʣʲô
װװ

û֮ǰ𣬻װģҴ󷽷˵εʦӡ
£һ޽ɽƻҰļ̸鰮̸ǿЦģǴӲϲǸˣһνĻë̸͸Цˡ
֪֮еġ
ڹעҲЩ鰮
޾ָ̡ңԶеħͻȻʣ뵱ڶħ𣿡
޾һ£ĿѵøֳһЩ졣
޾̧һͷôͻȻ
ȥȻֱ۾תƻ⣬˵ʵ
ж¶Լ棬ǰδе档
޾̾Цһ¡
ã˵ʵ޾˵Ȼ
޾Ŀ߸ͷħ̾һߵ磬ɷһϸˡ
ᣬȴһضǿҰġ
ߵ磬ʦΪشϣ˵𣬺ôô磬ãʦߣֻܿʦľʯظΡ
֪޾̲ǵڶʦǽȻͬˣ޾ûʦƽ̩ԣᣬаҰĲɹ
ֻϣһ£޾ڶʦҲٲܵڶħ
޾̡۾ޱ棺סˣħ
޾תͷ
ɫЩ죬ЩӺͺЩ˵ζ
þð죬ڻЦ
á޾˵ҵһˣȻˡ
Ѿļ⡣
ܶα黰ǰ棬ϣһΣһҪġ
޾̸ſڣסָ
Ƹָ޳徢ʱԼһ̽
̽ûлʲô
ûС
ĬĬˡ
ѵáѵɵؽ
޾ЩؿۿɼٶȣӱͣиһʵЦ⡣

޾̽ߣȻûж
һ˲䣬޾ﾹȻðһ˵Ŀһͻĳ׼Ŀ
ֿһ˲Ժûʶһͷȡð»ĵĹȸȻĳŵѾɤȻȻ³
ġ˵ҲЩħ̫á
δ䣬޾ɫٿȻһ
û뵽ĻԼʶð
ż˵ЩƯ黰ǶӶŪǰǱһЩĿģżŪԸԼ׼˵ЩŵĻ
ȴȫûЩƽʱҲô˵ģѾϰˣҲӲ档
ֻǿص˵ͷ
׳壬ϣֻΪԼ棬Ҳħġ
Ƿĵġ
޾̿ɬĪЦȻԹղһǣ֣ǵػ˻Ρ
εø첲ֱðƤǣ֣ĬỊ̆ǿдճһԻҪαյδҲû˭˰ɡ

ԱԽͻȻ߬סֱۣûע޾˵ʲô۾Ź㳡˿̵һ㿴ħȻˣ
ܿ޾̵ߣ˳Ҳ㳡
޾˵ʲôֻңңħεʦ㣬εʦ㺬˵ʲôҧһҧͷǵҲǣģǣұǵ飬ģֻҪڿūeܾȡ޻ݽΣѣΪУԣΪ֤
԰ҧ⣬һͷѪڵħѪգȻһƬϼ⣬سġ

ȫţգ漴Ȼϲ
سģ֤һΥģ׽Υ
ƽ֮س϶¶𾪣漴̲ס¶ϲɫĿ¶죬ͷյƣһʱҲ˵
ħȻˡ
ð죬֪˭һ̾ۺΪ
˷׷ڴƽڳϣĬȻλ˼䣬Խʦ΢߳΢΢֣̬Ȳ侲ȴȻħд˳⣬Ҳǲ¹شǻؿǡ
غһ˵ΪöǼţݺƽÿıģ嶼Ķ飡
εȾϱ죬ܲ˼һ£ڳ֣ʦλϣòТκοˡֻǿūeܾ֮£ؿǣΪΪ̫ƽУ˵Ѿ̲סʡ
˲ֻԼ¶֮ɫ
סͷε˳֧վ˲һۣȥ࣬ŹȥӸһǱεòĻ࣬ѵû˵ʲôһ䣬ħڣӰٿȻʧ
ħɢ̵սɻ
˺ðûع
վԭأ̲סֻҪ췭ظ


10 
ħģԸ޷ǵһ¡
ħһߣڳϴҴ뿪ȻҪڹͬ飬㳡ǰ¿ɿͽɢȥˡ
˵ɢȥյʢѸٱ壬ǬСΪۡ
޾ҲˣȻûݹź֣ҡ
ﲻ̾ƣֲ˼£Ҳ̫ҵ˰ɡ
ô죬Ҫָ޾̺úø°⵹ħأܵҲ֪װģҪʲôҪݶֻ
ֵĳ嶯ͷһ߻վŹ㳡Խת޾ȥ
ɽ·ɽһϪѶ£Ϫˮ峺΢촵գʡ
޾ǣź֣繵һߣܹϽԶԶں棬򸾵˽
ţ޾Ťͷ򰢳ҿʦø㼸졣
һֱųֵĳ嶯Իع񣬵ͷҽ糿ڰٱ󷨣üˣҼ˻ҡ
޾ˣЦ춼ˣôżҡ
飡
û˵ǲʦ𡢵˽ӽֶߣֻһĮǺǡ
޾ȴЦŨЦݴһ棬ȴ˿ᣬ绪ˣȻһ˵òĪȡ
һ|Ƕƶ͵ЦҾ֪ﰮҡ
յڶ˵仰
һĭ

סһԿǵĳ嶯һûһܺ˵ڷֱʱ򣬲˵޾̡
޾̶סţ
̬ãī˫纬΢΢ʲôīġķɫ
һ׮Ϊ˽ֵ£ȥͥ磬ͥĳʯһ̴Ӻ׻»ѩȴвϼǼʢʱɲ̾һҲԴ˰ƺһɾ
һ꣬δ
Ҳûʲô¡˵ֻһпռǵöһ£ûܽ⡮˼Ľҩ
˼صơ
أĺδعҩ·ֻĸӹӹȥݡ
⧲޾ιĸƣϡͿ¡˼ʦˡ
ʦͣشϵģҲǸĴˣܵһͷֱɱ޾̡
Ӧ
ʱͷʱΪ޾Ƚᣬôãžહڵϱʦȿޣ󽭱кˮɽʦ޵ûƢˣס޾һ
ʦҲҪƽҩ£
֪ʦһֱ޾£ΪƵĸע޾̲˺ֻᱣʦǿ޾̵һƣ޾ûáһֹܵ顢һֲĥıʦϲδûɱһ˰˵ľϡ
԰ƽհ缦ʦǰһҩ¡
ʦˣص޾̶Ҳû˹˼ɣ˵ġ˼ʲôܽķӣɡ
޾΢΢һôͻȻ
㰮ҲңǱħǱߣһĸƷ̫ãֲҡ
޾һ±Цˡ
ĺܰԼ˵Щźɵһݵĸо
á޾üչḧ˸޽ǣԹԵģһ
Ŀ֣ݰݣ
޾̴һͷ˵ʱССĴſϸ۷󣬺Ȼ
ʶͷеЦֺܿ쵭
ڲ˽齼䣬Ҳոջٱ鰮Ӱ죬¸ɵʱһͷ.ֻЩͿ.
˼˼
ӣ˨ϡ
޾Į˿תˡ
һ޾ϽĴӵԶ
ɽǰվ˺һ΢΢ͷתߡ
оܵ䣬ʣڲ𣿡
ҡͷûвˡ
ֻǣҲûʲôֵø˵¡
ֱӻز״ȥɽ·û߶ԶȻԽ
Խȥ·ϣûȺСôӵţһ˹վߣͷñӲŪ֦
Խ̧ͷһۣеδˡ
šվڵԼӣڵ𣿡
Խ촽䶯˼£Ȼѵû
ͷԱ߱߰ĲݣͻȻ˵һֱãħȻĵ
Сʦɽžô̵ǵģҪնħҪסħǬķ׼ħƷΪʱҪħսǧħս
ҽεʦĻͻȻãεʦ˵Ҳе
Խ˵һͨ󣺡ΪʲôҪ̣ΪʲôҪħݣħ뿪ƶߵħ硢ǬҲûʲôԣħԴƶ񤣬ֻܱ˴ɱ׼񣬵Ǭ磬ǾͲҪôбˣǬôȫԻһطøħҲûʧʲôҲˣԺͲǡ
ͻȻ˵ǲġ
Խס̧ͷ
ġ
˵ʦ˵ħ֮Ϊħ֮ΪΪվǲһġ
Сʱڷ磬жһ仰С࣬ıԶȫĺƽΪÿһ鶼ġ壬صӣϰʳˮǬ磻ħħѪɱ¾Ϊʳħ磬Ҫʤиߵ͵ġʹкƽҲֻǶݵĺƽΪʵûĺƽƳԼħǵǬ绻ĺƽҲ㣬ܻҪĽ򡢸ֵ
ħΪεʦԸƽһǧԺһħأһħأǸʱǵֵħ϶ûˣħǬøǿʢʱûкƽˣⳡ֮ˣǵĺֻںڰӰСӴħϢˡ
Խסˡ
û˵ô໰˵ô̵Ļ
㡭㡭Խͣ㡢ô뵽Щģ
Ǵĳֻ״̬оѣ̧ͷЦЦʦҵġ
ԭǲ״𡭡ԽȻ򣬿ɸ˵֣Ȼֹ
ΪͻȻʶһ
״ħսսϡ
ءôȱΪֹħƽʦΪնɱһħħôƽǬ磬νһʱƽôȱʲô
Խ￴ź峺Ŀ⣬ͻȻһһ޷ݵΣ飺Բҡ
֪ʲôҡҡͷûϵεʦ˵ʵҲе뷨Ǻܺõģʦ߹ңκһս.ۣӲΪ˴.̶.̣Ϊ˸Զĺƽħƽİ취ܴӴԺ޷Ҳܸ˵ġ
˵ʱͣ۾䣬καݡ
ɲ֪ôģԽȴˡ
ţ˵
ɫ磬һȥڰ֣ЦһЦת״ȥˡ
Խ￴ıӰԶȥһССӰӣԽԽԶһ罣ײ۵ĸ߷塣
Խ֪ǲ״壬ңԶһɽ塣
״شϣѹĺ˷ȴûͽͽȺƽֻһͽܣΨһһӡ
״ˣɽֻʣһˡ
ֻʣһˡ
л˵


11 
ƽԭ̡
ϹʱڣͬһǬħͬУֱλʮħıħɱǬǧʥ˽巴بһҲǰδлֺпħս
һûκαīʵصսۣǧʥ䣬ͳϹǧľɢ帶شնɱħ񣬽ħǬʱؽʣ¶ʮλʥˡ
ʮλʥ˹ͬԴħǬ룬ֹ˼ǧֱ꣬һλʥɽۣϹţ
ⳡΪ֮սĿսɽӴ䣬µߣƽԭմʮĴһƬ죬Ѫûݲ
ʮľţ˵ɲɣϹҲʮꡣ
ƽԭ֮ϸһɽߵľ޴Ȧмһ絶Ѻۣ޴Ŀڣźڰħ֮
ȻǹᴩħǬķ
ϹʥǬһ͵ķʮ꣬꣬ǿķУҲվɫ˥ħ߾һԹƷΪٹ⣬ǿħȹռϸСƿڷ϶ƽǬ磬Ȼӭսڼʷϣÿһεħս
ÿһ꣬ÿһΣǷƿԽԽ
ǰȴħѪɲħǣ춯صһ϶˺ѿ룬ħ񻶰ӿǬ磬Ǭ޷ӭУԱϹпһսۡ
º󣬳ĳ΢ƽЭĬȫ˳ƽԭʣµģ̾ħ
񣬷ǰһƬΡ뻪Ĺһħľ⻹ٳǧʵǿƽĴħҲ̤Ǭ磬£ħΧΪ˴ħۼһɭѪȵħ
ħεϣ齽ǣֱۣŮСΪ˿ڡ
Ӳ԰ףɫЩƣ齣Ʈݵȹ£¶һĻβ
ǵģβ
εÿԼβĿԼֱ۵˿ڣѵЩ
ޣɽնħĲɱһ޲ֱۻȴһգѪֹ
ε۵öǲð飬ͷԼβ˵ĸӡ
һܡ
ˣһֻӺ϶ĻѪ
ܵε㲻֪ĸʱħ綫ء͵żȻһħѪɲ
˵żȻʲôżȻأΪǽڵѪ
Ϲдҡ˫óǧֱ仯ʵ΢ħеϹŲڣһּκһħԼ
Ϲʮ꣬ڵѪҲѾϡվûжǽ̵ܲףǽڵѪȻзǱʣܳħ֮ʿһоѵĽʡ
Ѫɲһ㣬ǿħӲǽڵѪֻ¶ģȻͷ潫ȥأǱУԴĳһŻ
˫赵ӣεá
ϵɴƿߴӰöô
εôӾԶĻлع¶Цӭ硣
£㻹šӭæ£ε˳˽УֱѪģ˿ڣ˵ôˣôûϣ
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磬εЩ˵ǱϾҵʦҳҼԲסǣ˵ĻԿ
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뵽̵ģɱ⣺ƥ򡪡
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常Ѫɲİħ֣żܿ常ǰļ䣬ƻĽնبԵľɽΪɻҡ
ûǲǡþȻȻЦһӣǶһ
Ǭ֮ȻӢ
εȴ˵ɲ״ҲãħҲգѾȥˣΰۺ
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εڰ˿ţο㣬Źȥ֣˼׷ӣ̾һδһܾ⣬Ӵ˿̵̫ƽҸ

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ԺǸʦͶܿС·ߣʦ˵أʣµҩȥúˡ
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ŮǶҩûߴС·ӻ԰Ǳһȥˣ֣ĥһͻȻʶǻסľ
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εã֪ǬŴڵſҲͬĽεãͽ࣬εͬʦã곯ϦദһʯһΪ˽ֵİ䣬Դ֪һУһĵף༫˳ۣܶʱֱɱ˻ࡣ
֮ǰεһȥأεü¶棬һ޳ʱһǻһεñض˵ø˵ЩлģҲһЩõĵҩڿε˸͵ҩС·ȥͣŭһ˲
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ħƽԭħﰵƽԭΧйԷǱʾ׽ʱ̼ලЩħĶ
ҲƽԭԵ˱ԷϬԷ
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ܹľսͷø߸ߵģͻȻͷҼǵøм졣
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СһɣӣȰĽǰ˷û죬ڻƿз֧ժ»һ·壬ȥܵ״̬ʦιѪȻšʪӸ֣촽ĨһĨˮתæһͨˣŰСʹ˵
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ֻԼ룬ħˣԸܴޣʦòڴһޣȴ϶ѹˡ
ʦͽʦͽʱ⣬ǻҵ޽ŵĴͳУԶѪеԵ
εʦħܶħҲܺãǸŰаˣҷ˵Լ˺ܰ壬εʦ㣬ôһˣԸΪεʦãƽǺ¸ңҲĺҸ
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죬Ҫ𵴣ƹͷȥźܣСС״ʦס
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װͷ˵ʦȻһֱͬ⣬һ˼ɣû˻ϲôһסӵ׵ġ
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ʦǰ˼£ϸңֻң飬Զ˵˼Ͳһº޺Ĺơ˵ʵ֪ڱ˵ҲҺ޾˵ǵģ޾̲ƣΪһΪ˻ű飬űѧ˼
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ۣʣʦҺ
ʦܲܿѹ
ܲܣһ˰


13 
û죬ӵǱߴķţȥһˡ
ʱڸʦͷͷֳһСһСƣǰϸµᣬſԱߵͷϣЦηηŵͷק֪ĻʲôŮ
Ųʦͷ
һǺģСǸĺӣʦ£ҪТģСȱʾʦͷˮƽ̫ޣӲզأСĸɹβͱ裬Т˳ûˣʦƢãҲϥһƯ黨衣
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ںʱʵҲûʲôġ
ͷ꣬ƽչõʼûϢΪձιѪƵħɢӶѪɫѵòԵ㲣Ͱݡ
ʦ԰׵ͷѩһķ˿ָ⻬䡣
һͷںīķʦ𲻶Ϸ˼ǧ꣬ȴûа̬żʱͷɢÿһ˿̺Ž⣬˿īȴǿڷ硣

޷ֵµܿŬ
ûϵС˵ʦһ㶼ϣͷء
׷ÿġɸСƨʵڲϲѹǾȥȾغڵģȾڵģȾɺ̵ҲÿһȾȾһɫ߳ȥǳ̣
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鷭޴İۣתŮᡣ
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Ȼ죬ſЦΪɽŵӣǵʹģҲֻжΪ̶·ħ˼һƬǬ
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ͺʦ齣ط˽硣˪˵ӦһȥˣԲ𡣡
׹еЦֺܸж
Щδûж˵ȴǺʦֵš
ҡͷ˵ʱڱչأ㶼û֪ʦҪ֪㲻úͻƣܳ齣ŪЩͷԵģҪġ
Ա˵Բ𡣡ͷ˵Сʱһ𳤴ʦҲһֱ㵱ӿҵʦ֣Ҹ磬ˣ˵ЩĻ
˪һ仰Ҳ˵ɤ
һȥס
һ£ۿȻģһ˲䣬һ˵ί
̧Ӳһ۾
ĬĬţҲƵġ
ʵٿޡ
̫ˣ͸飬ֱӲԹ԰Ӳޡ
޾֪Թ޾̣Ҳκ˱Թ߿࣬ϲԸĬĬػǸˣάˣʼ«һԼȻ̵пҲԸɡ
˭˵ħսʬ޴棬ƫҪȥһħսϰٸҹ߲ݣӲǰѺܴ˶￸ֲذ˴һԼѪάϵ
ý棬һЩ˿޴
ɳӲôá
ǡǡ෴úһ޶ˡ
һƬڻҶӣէһˣҶУƽľګֵö࿴һۣһȥĻҳ¶̵ҶҶ⻪ȴǧϸֻ϶ķ͹ᶨǿ۶ȴܶҡı
һ±ӡ
Ӳ޾ǰޣΪ޾Զʦ𵽵׶жҪ
˪ݿԣǶʦĵӣסʦͬ塣
ĨĨ۾ΪЦ˵߰ɣҴȥʦһ㡣
л˵
֪ʶСԹԿɰСãҹϲɫʵＵʵ۾ҪѪôһֱҲ뵱ڶιԷˮŸƨƨܣ



14 
һӣź˪ϵ״壬߽
ΪشϵľƬլصþˡ
أϲңԭżõģ֮ǰ˼ӣԺҲòˣʰʲôߣֻǽһɫľϰһС¯кܵλǲŻպʦ齣Ƭһģһֱˡ
ȼһ֧㣬ݸ˪ݣȥѹµųں˪ǰ
ֱӹ򡣡˵ż￴˸š
˪ĬĬΧûõİգһȾֽ뿪ţ°ŻƿԴ¶Ļֵ֦ͷţűһ˻èϰɣϴøɸɾȻǰùܾã˿űС
յȴɾȻʻϢ
ⲻνżضޱġޱŰһҲտģ
˪û˵ʲôӹ򣬴ϥ£ͷסͷ
ʦ塣˪ݵ˵˪ˡ
˪ˡ
ס
ֻ֪ʦǽʣһλţ
֪˪һľګ䡢ʵĵˣߺ˪ݣһΪܣľôʤһС
ô
ʦħˣ±һҡҡ׹ϣκһѡʦ𳹵ȥҲǣκˣ޾Ҳã˪ҲãҲãǶиԵҪ͵ʦѾȥ£Լá
ͷ˪ۿҲ죬վߵǰ|С¯ģλ֡
˪λãð죬Ȼֹ£ٿһͷ
ڵϣͷܵͺ̵ĳ
ûдվԱߡ
˺һ˪ݲĬĬվ
䵭Ĭԣƽޱ飬ǳĽڽȴۿͨ죬įûа硣
ܹȥ򣬹Ц߰ɣƽʱסˣȥҵСǱɡ
˪ݿһͷ
밲ο˪ݣԼҳԡ
˪ݵͷеİ״룬ѩһС佬Ƭһ׺
˪ݾþš
سûԹˡ
˵ڣأ޲ҪƷĹףԱٹȵԪӤΪʳһǿ׷ΪΪ̰ЩĶ˿˻ᱻЦֹٹ̣ö֮ûԣû˻
˪ݵһγҾڲ״壬ʮ꣬ոձʦӷ˽Ųꡣ
ʦʦѧƻϼʦ̨ǰһֽţֱֻ̣ССʦãֻСèںʦֱϣֻСֱܲ۱źʦ岱ӣȻһҪǼǡ
ʦóˣԼ̨ǰȥóԵˣңԶɽԽƺʦ꽣ʦɵľݸЦߣߵűߵʱʦþͻմܳױƵĻǡ
԰ɳ԰ɡһҹҨ˺ôһ׷佬㰮ģ佬㣬Ҹӵ㣬óԡ
˪ʵܸˣ׾֪࣬ô͵ͷ
ҨһζŨ˪ݾ벻ôԣ
ǳȥԡ˪һȴ˵ȥǰǿʯͷϡ
һ£Ľеѽ
룬ȥǰĵطһƬ֣ǰȻʣһ˸ľʯ±ߣᳵ·ȥ˲һ紵ӣ£ǡܸƬأɽ࣬
СϲèŽСܣ˪ǸľګʵӣտСʦõԼΣÿζҵҵȥԷһδεģҲˣڴ챻һʯͷʦߴС߳죬ֻԹһһȥ
һȴ±ߣ磬ңصСʱһ̲סȣÿġ
ųţ˪ͻȻڣ׼ȥūeܾ
һɴ䣬תˡ
ӵһ٣ƫͷȡ޻𣿡
˪ݵͷǡ
룺ʦ˵ūeܾˣϹһλңĴܲлꡣ
ʲôƨܡͻȻʶЦңϼһ͸˸ūeܾǸӣǸö
ŶҲϹǰʶġ
ūeܾ֮ϹŴߣң𡣡˪ñпαʦ˵ңӣ޷ңϲԻþԻģūeܾĺܶ˶ᱻħħūeܾУңںūeܾڷʮκ˽롣
򴽣㲻𣿡
Ҳ¡˪üĿһ֮صļ㣬˵˺ܳһλѾԪӤ۷壬ʵѡΪڵĵӣĵӣҵʹħһħħ֣һħ̻¶˼䣬ħֵǬ磬Ϳ̿Ǿ·ܻ޻ݳһ֣ūeܾУҲź
û˵
˪ƫͷ͡
Ҳ֪лܲܳ˵ȥ֮ǰֻټͺʦһ档
˪ȻսҲȫͨ¡
ʦˣֻʣ¹һʦãֻԪӤڵΪ
ܵ
˪ݴ£ݴԸO@
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Ťͷݴ˸ߵĲݴҡΣһֻɫͷ
ѽϲ˵ѽ
һ˱۳СߣͨڰǳɫƬ⻪ͫƬṆ̀мһϸɫͫ
С߻һԴϸӴӲݴԳ򰢳
˪΢΢һ١
״кܶޣûʲôֵģֻС߾Ȼһ㲻ˣĽδȫȻ˿塣
СεʯԱߣǻζһ£ԻεԱߣֱֱͫ³⣬ϸһС㣬۷۵ġ
þû㣬ȥˡ
ſֱۣСνһ档
˪ݿģϢŻޣ
ǰɡЦöǰˣ֪ʲô޴ܣˣʯͷѪҿˣͰؼһ˸һãˣ֮͸һʱҡ
㿴öƯȫǱ̵ģҽС̡
С̧Դ˲ָ⣬ҧָһ£һҲۣе
Ҳǳɰ
ɴһֻڰգҲֱָһԴβ˦һ£ſȥģһƯſ
ϡˣСƵıֱҡΣƯƬ
˪ݿĻڷ¾裬½û˵СʱҲϲݣιޡ˪ݿС߲ܽ˵ͻȻ㣬ǲǶˣ
һпܣϽĴƿ޵һŷι
˭֪Сȴ̧ͷͫ俴˺˪һۣ°̧Դβһ˦ֱӰ޵ˡ
۾ۿ޵ϣСҡβͣԴ߰ͫĮģưˣûа㲻˼
ԾͲԣһƢô󡣡
ֹһ£Լȥ޵ĲмַŻƿǺöҪ˷Ѱ
˪üûͷƢ׺
򰢳ûһ㲻ˣԼĺⱻҲֹֻŰƿȻͷСſԼûаߵ˼
ֻһߣûаƢ
ܲƢ̫ˣ̫Ƶһˣþ;۸Ҳ۸֪һĬĬ̶ί
ʦˣҲˣʦ߾ֻʣ¡
˪ͻȻ͡
ʦá
ССشСߵԴѵŤͷӿô
˪ݿ촽䶯һ£˵ʲô
ͻȻͫãȥҶˣ
˪סСֱӹȥžڵϡ
ε̣
˪һ㶣ѾСһԶ
˪ֻǰһô
Сߴʯͷ׺ݵҧһ׷ȥ
˪ݿŴڵ÷ɿСߣĬһ£ѰµŽܡ
һ·س壬÷ɿ졣
ԹۣһȥŲŴȿ޵ƶˡ
ûɱصģҲֻмְʽȱԼʦޣȻŻʦһ˲Ŵȿޣ޵˼ûƢΪֹˡ
֪ڸԼʲôļɤۣܵԼ⣬ԶԶͿһнţΪ׵ܹòôס
ǲţ
ٷˡܹһʱЦżСӭϵôڼңȥĶˣʲôҪ¶ܷԸūŰ
ºúûصؿڡ
УⲻУⶼˣ̫ˣһſڰӰʯ趨ֻвʱԤУе֣
û¶Ҿǳȥɢɢǿ򶨣Ұڰ֣ʲô𣿡
ܹܼԸ˵ʶס˿ڡ
ٷ˶úܽǹ˼ɲ״𣬲֪ڲ״帽ö֣Ϊٷ֮ǰܲˣӴ󳳹һܣûӱײѪܹۼʶǼƣ£ɲʶٷ
ܹӹӼСһָǴ̴ָͨ䣬ˮʣӨ͸
Щ׷شȻ۳ϵõĶ⣬ֻôֻµĴָЩҲãϧٱǧļǮѿռƿϣ챦ֻͼÿ
ռٷķⷭ⣬Щܵ󷨶պ򿪽ָƼܹڽܣǺݸ¹Ĵһ飬ռʱ飬ֻʣôһ飬ֻ˰
һ¡
л˵
һǻǸ꣡
ҹ
ޣޣ
ҹߩߦt(F)sߩ




15 
޾̸Ͷ
һͷǣ޾Ҫʲô۶ӣ
޾̵ǾͶ״壬Ϊ˺ŪʦǱҪһҰøժʦҲȻͶ
ԶǸꡣ
ٷˡܹܣưɡ
һܹڵĴߴУöָ
ʶһ̽ȥͼռָڷ죬ÿһ׶ʡɢ񰲶ǵĶϢ
ָû˵ϾĹ󣬹ҲǸȨعݳƷ
ʲôѪˣ
о졣
Ǹļһݺ޲ܻһֻߵĻ쵰ͻȻôص˶Բ¡
ܹЦݣֻٷ˿һӶԼӵķлҪ˵˵жء˵Իİƣ˵ǵõͷһеĻ׼ٷ˺ø߸ˡ
ȻۿŰסɽѽָ˦
ܹȫסˣٷˣǡǡ
ֱҡͷҲȱָҲȱ󷨣ɶȱûȥɡ
ʹáܹһæȰٷˣѡģƣĻƶֻģȫ⣬°ɡ
һŶš
˵̫ˣܲûȥлл
ܹ治ɫʲôأֻҪϲϵҲ㲻Ϲء

޾̵ĸܹܣƽʱ˵ӣؼʱƤһѽ
֪˵ɶ¶һӪҵԼЦҡҡͷתҪˡ
ҪָҲѾ󣬲Ҫ޾̵Ķˡ
ܹĳ׻ˡ
뵽֮ǰԼǰǴû꣬ΰѽָԭģԭûȥӵɫ
ܹܺݺģͨһ͹£󣺡ٷˣٷˣ£ūſôûȥкã췢ı°ɣ
û뵽ֱӹˣæתϽܹܣǸ
ܹٷ˰æūŵģǣ治Ĩ˲ӡ
ΣֺЦĨʲôӣһָѣ˵˷ѣջȥܴ㲻ѽ
ܹǾ˵Ӱ㲻õġ
֪ôֻٷǰ֣ôһ滹ܸƵĶ˵ǳÿλӰһÿÿٷһѹڵײҪױǿǣү˶Ҫ伸ᰡ
ҲգϸϹ챦ܹܱͣΪⶼ״ԵʣӵķӦء
ܹ˼ת÷ɿ죬ٵؿߣӲ˵ʲôȴܲٷ˰ӰɣⶫɣūŸͷˡ
ˣ޾óܹһ׿ֿͷϵ찡

һܹµģˡ
ӲŪ̫ѿϣһжƽġ˳ؽС
ƽ͵޾̽⿪˼ƽ͵ؽƽ͵طֵ𡢴Ӵ˸԰á
ġ
ָû뵽ܹܷӦ֪޾װģ˽ƢˡϾƽʱûһμ治ܵģܹܲĸԼҮҲڸų
ԥţ޾ħίߣҪͻʦӦϣæ÷Ƣ¸⣬ʱ治ܵò֪ĸ񾭣ʲô
ܹܰؿŰû취ֻðѽָӹ˵ˣЩ̫ˣò˵ģһףʣ¼ûȥɣһ˭õء
ٷʹãˣҲûȥûȥһƼܹܸϽóؽָ󣺡ٷˣӰɡ

ͷüֺͷٵء
˵ˣ޾̣زٵģ
˪ݴ׷ԶԶͿһڽӵţһܼģ˹ǰ֪˵ʲô
һ۾Ϳͷϵϻգ޵Ϲƽ֯мһͷƾβĺΣͼޱȷŵĵ̺Ȩ
˪ݴԶһա
ϵϻա
˪ͻȻܶǰ¡
ǰʮ꣬СɣǱʦ壬ز״صڡ
ʦչʾԼĽڽâǧĺ⣬ʦοȥߣ̿ѧɣʲôҪĽ
ֱͦͦվ˵ûУֻȥ
û𣿡ʦȴźӣЦΪȢʦã˵òã

Ľƽһβлȥ
˵ʱʲôҲ̫̫ˣҲʲô룬ֻǵɵԭؽӲ죬Ȼ͵Ʋʦ¡
룬á
ƽһƽһΣ˽Ȣһˡ
Ľһ£һܸ֣ҳϵĳŵʦЦҪȥ״ʦףǸʱңԶɽʹʦ»Ϣ
ϵĻҲӭƮġϲֺϣɽһ·״壬ױ飬ںʦĬ£ʢѸ˷ɽݸ״Ȼ󹧹׮
˪ݲӽͣסվڻֵıԵԶԶĬ
Ժ˽֪֮á״ͽ÷
ԺǾ䡰ΪȢʦúòáҲû˻ˡ
л˵


16 
ܹܡ
ܹһĥӲݣԴ죬ˣסͷ˵ˣҶвУɡ
˵ţоСȱʲô¡
һͷһ̣С߲֪ʱ׷˹űߣԴͫŶܹܡ
С̡
˼һ¡
Ҳû̫࣬Ҳ˳ưܹܷɣˡ
ܹվŰɫ̽˵ٷˣʲôūŴȥĻ
ǺգܹСɫ־ûҪ˼Ϊѣ׷˵һ䣺ǵϢע塣
ֻܹ֪ķܣ仰ϲЦտˡ
Զ죬ֵͷĵĴָ̾
ѽ
ҡҡͷҪѽָȻһգС䲻̽ͷڽָݺҧһڡ

ʧɫܳԣһռ䣬˻űߵģ
ۼֿסָһߣСҧŲţȥšȻоһɣָģСֻ߱޳ָס°ͷĹͷ?Ȱͷ
һ̧ͷͿ˪
ʦ֡
˪Сߣ͸оͼѷҧþˣôСһֻ޸еġ
üȴ񣬴ĿĽָϣ޾̽㣿
һ£˵ţļ󷨡
˪ݿöָ˵
Ǻܺÿһöָǳ񽣴ˣ˵ҲŵӣҲԵõǿķ˽òκηҲ֪ҵôһ񣬴ĥĴָ͸Ļġ
֪ԼǸľګ׾ˣȣ޾ǿɳɷ
޾ܶã˪ĬĬ룬һյضá
˪ɤӸɬ˵ãܷˡ
ȻͷǴ̵Ľָ
޾һžǣװװöãװô棬˶Ųɡ
ЩûҪ˵ģֻйǡ
šͷͦõġ
˪ͷѹסͣɤӿһ˵ζ
һֲɿСѿҧһ֡
𡪡
һüС߿ɫʶɿ죬ֱֱͫȻŭƵһ˦β䵽ϣһŤͷڽݴûӰˡ
ס
Ȼ
룬æȥ˪ݵ֣ô
˪ҡҡͷС߼ףһʱûڱҧѪС˵ģֱӰѴָӸæȥʱܿջס˿ڣû¡
㣬Ҿͷˡ˪˵Ҹˡ
סָô˵æ˵ò׻һΣʦٴ
˪ҡҡͷ
ݹʦ塢ãѾûкˡ
˪ͻȻһԲŵ˸һۣҪȻԥתͷ뿪
ʦ֣
һ񣬺˪ݵıӰѾңңͷģһɫʯͷʶ̽ȥܵڽǿҵĽϢ
Ҫ֪ԼǧΣܰôǿĽϢȥ
ʦֱŸľ׼ȥܾ֮ǰҪá
Žʯð죬˵顣
˲񺮣еʲôдүҵȫơ飡
顣Թ˵ʶūeܾ𣿡
ݺݴ󺰣Ȼ
ңӣǻ쵰Ϲ˭֪ǾǸӣв
Ϊʲôô˵棺Һʦ˵ң޵ķµһʴϹӦҲ쵱ﰡ
飿ȴǺǣƸƨ飬Ҫ飬ǻþ
һ㶣û̫
ûʲôȴ˵͵ذڰ֣ûϵʵġ
Ը˵Ҳǿתʣ޻ݣô𣿡
޻ݰǸ¡û˼˵Ϲʵ˵ȷʵд˵Ϲŵһ꣬Ϲţң϶ѾѪūeܾΪ˹޻ݡ޻޻֮ǻ˵ܲ
ءʣ޻ݣܾܲʦ𣿡
ҭס
ۣУԥ
ԥƨ˲߳ŭһһʦħǰѾǻڣһ𣬼ʹϹҲһĴ޷κηҩ˵˵׼ң˶˵׼޻ܰѸ˾ȻȴһܰʦȻ
һûп϶˵һȲ
ȴһ´Цӳǹ⣬
ʦǳڵӣȥ
صӣҲҲȥ
Ʋ죺ɲһԪӤ۷ˣȥӦõģԪӤڣūeܾôΣգſ϶ͬȥ
ȴ۾ѽʯֱӷȥ
ҲܡЦ˵ŲӦҾſڱȿޣˣ𡣡
֮һ
ūeܾȥˣ
л˵
ٵİȥܾ¸ҳΣգ
ʵİȥܾʦóȥóȥóȥɣɵش۴ޣ


17 
ε̴߻ضߵľƺһͷȾֵٵֱӰѾƺͷˮк°ͻ¹ʪˮɢƤ|⣬¶ýļ
һŭգƸʢ
εöָϸôظ޾̵ĹĻһֱƵʵƢȴҧ˺˪һڣ˲ɫ
˪ݡ
޾̣
ε͵ذѾƺˤڵϣǧѩɺ˲һƬŭδְľܺɨһգŭб̵β۵˺ѳһɨԶ롣
еŮȫͷڵϣȰȰɪɪ
С̣
űߴεһŮĴӵ¿첽ôŻü첻ӰȥĶˣ
εţβһ˦Զʯں飬ʱ׹ľʯ
ŵþ
С̣εŭʲô
εڳˣȴҶôû
ε鼫㣬һҪִߵŮٻһ֣ٻæͷŮ˳ȥ
ֻʣ½ˣεܣⶴħĹεԼɽ
ΧͲľһǴⱻסӰ谵ɭ裬ҲûݣֻɽڿգЩδ齣㵱ǶˣſҶûС
εò׵ܾܵôƽԭƺƽ˼ħʲôݾµĹѡסƫƫԼ̵ĵطûҰһԼ.Ѩס
ε£¿ε̣
ʲô̬ȣС̣ǹ㣬ΪʲôͲܺú˵
ε˵˵˶ٴΣūeܾҪˣ翪磬ڸˣħҶڣôʢ£Ϊ㵹ãһԵģȥȥǱϯѾˣȴӣȫĿȫˮˡ
εһ
ת¶һӣüӢͦ䣬ͫ죬Ƥȴѩһףſչͱ˵֮
εЦ磬磬ʲôϵ
εŭ˵ʲôҵܵܣҵķȻҲ磡
ޣ㲻ǻû޸εȴͣЩŮôħôǽС㣿
εһ͡

ε¶Ц飺εã㵱߸ϵ꣬ôϰߵëѪħҷԴħͨԣɱθ̫󣬳Ż˶ӡ
ε̣˵ʲô˻εɫ˲䣬ŭΪΪħǸı䲻˵ѪͳҲسô죿ءħ
ҵʹΪѣ㿴ڷѾ˼ȫ㿴㲻ңֻԱ˵εԽʹ֣סһѪװҵ׵ܵܰ㡭
εۿޣɫûаֱ仯ֻһָļ
εã㲻̬ҲףεЦҪ̫ƽЩȹ֮ȥΪ㸰ɱɱҲĴ֣ߥңҵ£
δ䣬ֱƹεã߳ʧ
С̡
ε׷ſһ˵ſڣȫ£Ųһ£ʹסͷ
С㣡
Ůæܽסٻź˳һ˵ûС㣬үС
ﻹС
εɫ԰ףɫƣֱˣǡǡ෴ˣҰˣҹܲסˡ
ٻȰүƢˣ˵׵ܵܣǸһĵġ
εÿЦһֻˡ
۾ǿ˵߰ɣǱ߻ڿ磬ʦƢһܲǿȥ

޾ڿϷ
һǰħϯϣΪūeܾѡħ˳˫ͱһξҳͻħǿѹ£ʱħԴЩƫģĶ೰Ū֮ԣ಻ãվ˵˼仰
ħһħ֮һͽһ¼˺潣ţûϯŭȥ
ħҲŭ߷˰ŭˣϯɢ
Щħ׺ˣһֺˣɫѿȺҲˡ
޾̾ϯ䣬ɢòˣһڲ꣬ӣվƹϯλߡ
ֶʯȥ
ЦǺǵһŰƻ˴ŻƲüһִϰǵ峤Ң
ϽǬʮ֮أ㲩֣ϡϵͬΪպĴ壬α볤ȹͬţȹʾħ嵹ħķơ
޾תͷЦ
һɫֱֽ쳣ڷĵɫͣˣĬ˭ţǸɷľ
ҢһʱҲ˵ﻹǼɵ
ϵ峤Ȼ޾̵ĵϸ
ԭ޾̣޾Ӷǣ˵϶ƺҸŮµļӣֻǲ֪״ĵӹƣ״۰ӣű׮£ϸͷ棬ϵĵճӣ
岻Щţ𵥴ԣ崫иѪߵ𱰣ŵڵ֮ǵ
޾λãҢ֮ԱǣһëͷСӣôļƣõ״ķ֣ΣȻͬصٳҲܲļ¡
峤ԭ޾̷ֻ˶þͻᱻϳԵùͷʣȳ˲ˣôҲ˵׼˭Ҳû뵽ôȥ״սˣ޾̩ɽֹ峤ءϰˣϼٲȻȫ޾̵һãȨ֮Ӻѹһͷ
峤绪ˣ۵еļɵ
ˮתĪ˶ͿһͷݷĻǡ
峤Ц֪ʲôʱֶĽˡ
޾ɫȻ˵ʲô飬ӱϾͽҵʿ岻ͬʱҵȸͬǡ
ֶὲ峤һ䣬ƲʲôЦҲǣֶϱͬصʦãĻ˵ǿֶϱҸ磬ףȻ׽
޾Ľһ£ͷƤˮɵͷȥ
޾ǲģЦ
޾̿һɫɫ磬壬Ҳˡ΢΢֣תˡ
峤ıӰһҲתˡ
޾ţ߹ĻͤȣƵһװ
ӴЦȴˣڲԡ
ߵʯԺŴ󳨣һĵײ޾߽ȥһͥԺԺҶһ˴󿪴ϻ赶ƣüŭݣǻࡣ
޾̻ӡ
һ٣ͣסŤͷ޾̣ɫͻࣺ
ԭ޾ûʲô飬ֻǺʦõδ򣬹ϵƽòԴ˶һͷ˳ħ־ͬ׼Żնɱħñ˴˷ְϧս
޾һָȥЦӽմչһħ˴΢ĩΪôħ¾㰡
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޾̰²ɽԸȡ޻ݣħֵٳıҲ١
ҧҧҲֻˣס
޾̼ɫѿµļͷѾѪʪ˵˿ѿˣЪһЪ
Ÿоؿһʹʢŭ赶֮ǰ޵˿ѿˡ
ȥ£޾̴ȡݣŻ̾δôȥūeܾ
Ҳȥưոݣ
˿ڣЦūeܾϹ꣬㣬вӽȥħУοЩ޽ɵħҲˣƫ̣ȻͬսǰװͷҲضиҳᾫȥôҪ޻ȡȥһȥ˵һ
޾ЦЩӣòʳ˼̻𣬶ʮʮֱ飬Ҳ
ɫĬƬ̣̾һ˵ȻˣҲûʲôȰģһҲһ
һ㶣ɫ˲ʱ仯ӿ޾ЦŴͽȥȰˡ˶٣˵֪ȥȴں棬ֻ¾̰ҪƲҵġ
ʱ˵Ķݣлů޷˵̧ذס޾̼򣬵ĵУ޹ֵʦ㡣
޾Цҡһҡͷ
ʦһӢϣˣΣüģʦи㣬˶ġ˵ͺʦþ͸Щʽ˺ϼ䣬֮ǰܺһǵϲơ
޾΢΢ۣɫ׽
òŻع˵ʲôȻ͵Ůʦ֣
л˵


18 
͵Ťͷεÿżʦãôˡ
޾̿Żվӭȥȥǳ˸չűߣͱߴסüһ˫ĿӯӯͷһĿͷɲŮòɾ°һԡ
˵ִεżʦ㡪
Ҫ˵ʲôͿԶ޾̣ûҲڣһͣס
޾վ΢΢ףεС㡣
εһ٣漴ǳǳһЦ
ε޾ֻΣصɽȥڵӺݹ巢ʲôҲֻ֪֪ʦúͬˡ˼ƣʦ׮£ķһ˼޾̴ӷֳ궩ذ˺ܴһֵƺƴ󣬽ʼЩӡ
εüԼ̬ƼԼ˼շһ㱡ۣ΢΢ϥһĶţôæЦˡ
εСˡ޾̵֣̬ȲԶһǡô廪ȣʱԻﻹ£ұȻȥˡ
ͷ
޾ε΢΢ͷ߳ȥˡ
εüֹºͣжȣһԾƶ˵ıӲͬɶһıӰλ˺⣿
ࣺҲӧūeܾ
ε͵ؿҲ
Ҳ࿴۾˵ʦãūeܾұضҪġ
ε촽ۿӨ
Ҳȥεüᶨ˵ūeܾҲȥ
һ
޾ߵűߣԲ⣬Ƴ˿˴˫Ŀӣɫݸӣԧһ㣬·һ̾Ҫӵһ
ʶһǰɫ˿ңʲôҲûһߡ
İһᣬ߳ħڵĹţϵѵȺ⣬㹧޾̲޳Լŷһӣڽ̺ƺƵϬԷȥ
һֱû
˿־塣

һ·޻ϬԷݸļڻõȺ޾鷿ĿȦϣŮǴжϲˮϴСųһص¡
޾û̷ȥϴ֣޳ָˮ˽ˮȥÿһָˮۡ
鷿ĹĽȴһҲޣ񣬽Ųòᡣ
޾֣̾Ůˮ£ʹձԷ԰ժĻȡƷ࣬ÿմسһƿУɫʱ档
һӭĵƽԭħͨԶԭش䣬ҲϬԷ¿ĵһĵزƷ֣Ǽõͷ.æСժ档
޾һȤŪŻţ.ڻˮ¶飬ǻ֦Ÿʢ꣬Ρ
ţ޾̺ȻЦһ˵˵Щɽŵʦʦãǲѷֵ
ͷ⡣
Ҳ˵ͷش𣺡ҵ岻ͬεСʦãһ𳤴ͬãȻ졣
޾ЦôһͣҲ࣬ǲһ·ĥˡ
Ǹ亹ԥϥ£ְҡ
޾ḧŻ֦񼫰סţ޳ָĻһ
˳Ҳ鰡̾һĶܵ
鷿Ŀˣ˷׷׹£ڵҲģźľս
ӣ
洫ܹܵūŻˡ
ȻɣǵܹȥأٷͶȥ
ʱ
޾û˵ȴͣ֪ȥţܹܿ첽߽޾̣Ӱ
ܹһղԣ˵ü˳۹۱ǱǹģӿȦ˴İ봹ĵɫ
ܹͷһ޾ûڣĭС˵ūٷȥǴָ뼸󷨣ٷ˶ˡ
޾ɿ֣ǿĵȥָдĻ֭ڿڣˣûϣ
ĶܹܰæЦٷϲĺܣȫˣūŴ˵֪࣬ǵϢעء
о̵ɻ
΢̧ߣλɫͣȥǳǳĥ͸ЦȸղŸĮȴãʱ·һˣһô˿־ʵĻˡ
޾̵˵ЩûĥӲ˵ġ
ٷ˲˵ĻūʮӣūҲ಻ܹɫ£еūŴ˵ٷĳǵ졢ģƽϲ˵Ҳӵġ
޾̲ÿɷüȴչ
ܹ˵ԷķӭĵûУɫãٷ˹ϲݣ´ͼȥ
޾ǱˣƳһѾ费ĵ뻵˴룬޾ɵģ˶٣˵ٹЩʱɣȶ࿪꣬Щõȥ
ܹܱ֪ĵãյ챦ȥٷԲ棬ǣūżˡ
޾̱㲻˵ʲô̧̧ʾܹվԱ̷ˮŵ棺ݸѾԺţɽǽ
޾嵭һȻݵܹнӹ豭̧һ£˵ɡ
ǡ㱧һȭת첽ȥ
߳ʱ֪ôģĪתͷһۡ
Ƿɫȥ״ļţ˵״Ļֿöôãٷ˴ʲôѡʲô磬˵ٷ˱ŵرϲޣ˵ʱﻹֻСߣѡЩɿɰС͹ȥٷ˱ضǧϲ
Ų裬˵ŵģȴǼ仰ȥ˵Ҳû¡
ҡҡͷ첽½ȥˡ
л˵
ÿ춼̲סҪһ飺޴ҹ



19 
Դۣ̽Ŭ⿴
˵ܶūeܾĴԣǵһط
ūeܾȡڵūeȺ壬Ǭ缫ʢһƬɽ͵ͱڣ̬һʱޣһʱ澳ūeȺɽɫʱƻ裬ƵĹ΢粻۵Ũ
ĿԶֻ޾
ҲɥȻԶǰ֮⣬һ翪޸µǾǴ˵ūeܾڡ
벻ףôͬҲԽﻹԱߣҧгݣһԪӤڵķȥϺȵ𣿣
һͲˣԴСƱƣūeܾԻþֲΪҾˮƽҲûôҲȥһԡ
㻹˵ԽʮиƨˮƽҿǴˣԼɽȥҪҵ۾
Ŷͬˣͬģ
Խŭøˣôͬ⣡ǲ״ΨһĵӣֲԪӤڣôͬǲǸʲôˣ
Ʈһ£Цûиɵ˼ǰҹͲ˼ҵĴȿˣϲձڵõĺûᡣ

ǿװ򶨣ͬˣҾȥ
Խ

ͣ޴ĺסԼ䣬ûһȥ
Խͷð̣׷ȥܣ
һصķۣ۾һƬޱȹƽ£ƽΧҡչ죬šССĽһֻֻ뵹ڵ棬Ȼħģħſػȥ˴ĵ̣ŨصĺɫϽһɵʣֺʾԼȨƣʻμƬ
վţԽӺ׷ҲЩħĺںϱʱÿʵصͺߣЩħ
ջߣһȥ
Ųͬɫ۵ĸڵӹϢû߶ԶͿڱ־Եĺ£ǰվɫ䵭꣬б񽣣վŲٵӣΪ׵ĸˣһ¾װĿӢŮޣֱ׵ɫ۵ꡣ
Խ￴ǺӢŮޣ͵һǵ浹ù
ԶԶҲϳֱڵͽԬ͵ڵͽɣλŮ˪ɽͽ
Ǭ·Ϊɽʮݵɽŵʵǿǿ߸࣬Ҳ֮ϣɽУרţҲɰٴľɽţö֮ءڡ˪ɽۺΪףΪţھǬɽš
ܾûôͽӢˣȻڲԼͬеūeܾˡ
ūeܾΪȡ޻ݣΪħ
ūeܾϹܵأǴħĵһʢأһȥû˵ֻҪųûȡ޻ݣΪҲһ¥ħǶݵĺƽֻܺĽеͽūeܾѸٰθǵʵԴղ֪ʱһħս
ġ
ڵӵĽŲǱ˶˪һƫͷϺߡ
˪ݣ

군ˡ
ô˸á
ʦã
ǿûŤͷܣ˪һֻʳӥѸǰһŭ֮ɫʲô
óԸԽһףǿϣصմӵݣȥūeܾȡ޻ݡ
˪ɫһѪǼ죬ʦŵ˵ʦѾûˣֻʣ¸㣬صһûͲֵȥʲôΣյĵط
Сһ㣺ˡ
˪ݽ촽˵
ǱҲļصӣɫЩ仯
صӡŮ˪ɽͽ߹ŮĮĿںϣ˭ӣ
Խһɫ˲ͱˡ
Խŭʲô
һۡ
һΪӢŮˣƽƽγڣΪ˪ɽͽǿʵĵλһѹκòƣư
˪ɽͬΪɽž棬εͬΪһмַ绪պյŮޣк߰ȽϣǽȻͬ͡
Ϊԭ򣬵εʦ㲢Ըһ簵д˾֪¡
¶һЦûʲôֻ˭ӡ
εòڣصܲһͷ˶ŲεѵԽǲǣصӣͲֱҵ֣һʦ㡣
Խ˲Ǻ죬һѪֱԴ붼ûڲԣǵˣʦֺεʦˣΪԼܵϴˣߺˡʦԶϲ㣡ҲԶ㣡
ɫ䣬ԽԽ˵һ飡
˭Ҳû뵽ᷢ£˲
󺹡
ԽﱾԲ̫嶯çײʱ˵ӣ׸
һŽԽߵ棬վҡ
˪͵ؿ
һͣ˴㵿
𾪻ãȻĿϣһۿӵԶ٣¶һ˵ļ㣿һԪӤڣ
ҡɫ򾲣ԪӤڣҲǲ״ĵӣصմ
䣬һƽϸŵĽб|¶̩͵Ľâ
ҵĽʦ֮񽣣̫ƽ̧ͷˣ˵һ̫ƽ
𣿡
û˵
˿Ǳ¶Ľɫ
̫ƽ񽣣ڵԭΪ̫ĸ֮ӽ
̫شϣ״ǰı
̫𽣡
̫ƽ½
ǽ죬ԭǿҵļʧˡ
ûܶѽЦͳ
̫Ѿ״ħսֻʣһ̫ƽСź˵أǸϹĴε÷ģΪ״ĵӣôΪȴǰֶ磬ֲأ̫ƽʵڱ
ԱĬԵĺ˪ݵһοڣŭ⣺סڣ
۹ɨЦ˪ݣصͽ˵뻤ıʦã㳤ѵԽص𣿡
˪һ͡
Ц¿򰢳վȴκ߷߻ŭ⣬ֻ̧۾ӡ
һۿطϸСɳŮһźһ˫峺ɾ
϶˵˫ڣ˵ŵһ˵ӣһεúĽĹ⻪Ů״Ψһĵӣһ˫ɾ۾ȴ֪ΪʲôϢ
һ˫۾һͣĪЩ˵˵Դǡ
Ͼǲ״ĵӣأûл˵תȥƫͷһֻۣϣ㲻Ҫٶ˲״
δ䣬Ѵˡ
ıӰûг
ð죬ģֻԼһ˵ġ
ǿˣŬҲעҲֻвݽ
ᣬᣬʦ
л˵
̵ڽˣչ
Χҹ裨ͷ



20 
ūeϣߴϵĵ㽫̨
㽫̨£ɽϡ峤ħڴˣλ
ħ룬һֱħħ䱦ʱҲǲ䲻ȣԸħǬ˵ѾһѶˡ
һٱɫЩҲסεߣһֱνūeܾϾΪȡ޻ݣõ̶ֳҲѵˣ£
ε΢΢뵽ʲôⲻԾ£ϯλİϡ
ħϯλУڴڳĬغȾƣܰԼܵεõĿ⣬žƺһ٣һظҵͷơ
ε۽ʪҧŴܵصͷ
峤ҢĻζź룬ЦǺǵŤͷϯλ޾̣˰֡
޾Աߣջɫһɫĳ죬ɫЩĵ˸һϯλ̬ԣƫͷһЦˣ˭ˡ
Ңҭס
޾ɫºͣողҢһȻһյˮ壬һ
Ңûô̶
Ƥ鶯һ£Ʊֶˡ
޾̿Ң׵ɫЦŰѾˮƱҪӴƿȻһߡ
޾ĿԶһݸߵ俴
һɫ䣬һ̬ĿͫҲǹܶıɫʱ˫ɫͫʲôһ
޾һӶʲôҲûְģѾƱŻϡ
ε̶һͻȻ첽޾ߵһλ˵㣬ÿ
Ǽȫס֪ε̷ʲô衣
εԭֻصŵӣԶεΪմӵ͵λڱᵽѳصļʱʶӵϾεõ׵ܵܣεħأάϵħ̫ƽĹؼЩ߰ҲøëͷСֱ档
Ǽ˿ε̣ԶԶ˸̨ϵεúħһۣվһȥ
εһĮֱϯλ£Χ˹Źֵ
ºû˶Χ⿴һûŰƻظ̨
һŽƵ競棬ûйעļֵ
޾ҲŸ̨Ǹоεһֱϵߡ
ħ˵Ӳ¼仰εԱ߲תһϷ
޾ú£Ȼ΢Ҳϲεá
Сӣǳס
޾ûһָĿھƱĦ£ƫͷε̣ε˵ʲô
ǶƭȥҼˡεƳһǱһ峤ٿ޾ºǳֻ̬װģĿ
ʲôãѾδޣҰĲű˵Ůˣƫͺ顢һͼ޸
ε̱ϲεõҼ̫ˣһ
޾Цһ£ưŪģεӵ˵ʲô
ε俴ˣ
޾̵Ц˵ͱˣȻѾ϶˵ǻǲǣʲô𡣡
ε̱ɫͫһ
ЩͰװģ˵㡣ε΢΢ͷ¶ưɫҿ԰㡣
޾̽סЦ
Ǹçħεòһ𡣡εЦεϲ࣬ǼʦãҲãϲ
޾̲ÿɷָĦžƱ֪ʲô
õεãɱħٰѻߣε̸ߣٿȻһֹƻǻ˵ħȨƣҲڶħõҪŮˣٰ˷˵һ
ı¡
޾̲סЦ˵׽㣬ô˵ƵģεӴԼȶˣȥѾưɡ
εһͣʼղΪȻӣһʱҲû˰գʲôûϵ
Ҫ޾ȥܾ˲źãʱҪô޾Ѿõεáͺ˻Ҫôͻϣ
ε壬Ҫ˵ʲôͿ޾ϵЦסˡ
ͻȻס
޾̻ƿһŲֱֱһ
εɣȥ˳޾̵ߣ߹ڵӡ
ġ绪ïĵӣڵͽͽմšŸɫĵۣŸʽķȻɬӣɫ
Ⱥǰ棬һݵӰŲɫصۣͷֻһشصýҰûڸɫ˳Уһ̳΢˻һӺƴϢϸС硣
վһ꣬¾װ΢ⰴڽһؽҲ·һѹԳȵؽͦΡݶһַԣһֳĬԼػ̬
ǰţúܽ磬ԶԶȥһŵôƷһ԰ɾ¡
˪ݡ
һðǴСһ𳤴ʦ֣ġø硣
ףⲻǡ峤ĻسһתתЦŤͷ޾̼䣬̡
峤û޾ֱ顣
峤ۿһҰĪһԲǸԼʲôֻǸһգգؽڵǻԹõĻƻ裬ϼͫУ䲻ɫʡ
ϻЦ
峤ͷƤ˲䷢еһֺĿֲѪĹ͵ƿ˹ſѪҪ˺Ƭ
ɱζֲ̫򿴼˪һ𼵶ʵҧε̶ԣתͷɿ޾̡
޾͵վ
ֶǡ
޾һգգźĿ⼸ܸңԶĿǧС
峤ð죬ǷӦ˱飬峤Цһ
֪Ϊʲô峤Цÿ
һȡָסӵ·ϸĲмָ䲻䣬޾º˵Ҫȥҷ˽ӻ
л˵
ʹĳª



21 
һͨת˪ɽĵˡ
˪ɽˣʣغŵˣһȷǳΣźı顣
ձһİʾȫ⡣
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ŵ㲻̫࣬ΨĴ󡪡ֻҪΣεþǱˣֻҪƤһ㣬ͻóƽ
ԽԱǵͨ죬ѾıԵǻһסβĳƢҪض治ɣ
Խû飬ûôɫԽﱻһ˽Ű
ûѵһŰߵȥȻŤͷղʲôҲûûһŵͽ֣ЦеԬѣѣλѺѽ
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ͷһǱߵķ򣬱׼ź˪ߡ

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VˣV緢۷Ϳҹ񲣬Ϊյ񾭲ƴƤ˾Ͳ


22 
µ޾̿϶ġ
޾һƿռرǿҵ,ȻǱϾδ޵֣޾̹ܵúܶ,ʳסʲôҪܣȻǰʦƤӵ,̫,ĳ̶ֳ˵,Ҳܳ
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԰ת޾̿첽ɭߣһ޻˵ͷ
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ǱͻȻֳС˶ȥħҲȥ޾̾ͥڵرһСߣ繣ʱϡ棺ϱ
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޴ڵıΧһжˣԾرסԼϥǣһֻ|ԼС忹ܵƫ־롣
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Ůŭһѵ|컵ĻΣпŨѪ޾̱ѹ˫˲ɺ죬ؿĴۣһ˲۵ü޷ǿԼʹԥץȥ˵ѹʵʵĹצѹסһֻһ
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ŰһԾһͷýɵС¹ԥŵС


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23 
֪˶,һգˤǰ貵ĹӰ,̵۾ۣò۾
,֮ǰ޾̷סľʱԷ⿪,ȻоĴ,,úᣬƬĿռ,ͻȻʧȥΪʿ,ֻʣҵԼ
ʱ,ϺȻԵڹЦȤСѾͷ߯,Ϊþ,˦˸ɰ
ϳǸղųֹūeܾˣң
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ңϷʣԣѾɡ

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ڵҹѪʬкһһֻµĹûĺѧʿĳۡ
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ȫڲŴӻͳһΨһӼüСذ|ףƽһסֺݺݵͱֻ

Ѫ罦жϵָ˳ȥˮۿģҰУΪʹŤ
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ѵĶӳ̵Ļƺѵ쾡ͷķ򣬵Ŀ
Сֵͷ­һСذ|ףĵתĻʳǡ
ǻƻʱ򣬲ҵбʳһɫĹгĻ⣬̨̮ͤ¥жѵɽʬ壬ϪɺӵѪ
Сš
֪д
ʧȥ˹ʧȥ˼ңʧȥ˵ʧȥĸ֣ʧȥҸС
СŻʳǣˮغס۾ٿȻڵأ̲ס˺ѷεؿ޳


ɬˮգ̵ϹγѪۣ˺ѷεؿţҪ޾еĿʹί
ûöá
ССһģͷ
ܲܣٲҪˡ


24 
СѵĶ顣
,ѵˡ
ѵİմӻʳųɺѹѹĶ飬ӿʮϼҴ,޺졣
СǱһĵũģʱֵͷڵ,޸,ʹŻʳĻ,ֻѵȺ߹ȥ,һ·꺺ӿССһѪվȺвҪײæ,զһ,أ
Сã̧ͷ,һڹе
촽䶯ֻҡҡͷ
꺺һ㶣Ա߱׶ͬ˪,̾С,
СѵĶ顣
ԭмĶֵҽ˴ɱӣѴ޶ܻΨһĶֳųɵţ׶һĿڣŸͼҵǧǧļͥһ,ججã̤֮·
,СһС,˹ˣ˵ԼԶֶŮҪԼһߣû
С˵иСذ.ףǰָӣһţƴ󣬱ʯͷӲֻҪһɬȵζͣܶһ춼
ǽŵһˣҲС䵥ˡ
СʶһԽܡ
ǰϢʱСӣо߽
Сһ̧ͷͿǶԱϥڲԶĽܡ
ҲСӣûһˣֻнˡģĵܱܵССҲ꣬·ãݵò񻰣ǵܵܣѾݳϸϸһˣƤŹͷССݣһգգӣǴ͵ġ
ͻȻȥһʶѵܵܵ󣬽ŵؿܴܵӽ̽һСͯΪݶԳЩ˵۾С
СĬһһ飬ݸǡ
۾ŵؿ֣ӹȥ̵֬ʿˮȻֻСһ㣬ʣµĵݸĵܵܡ
̻ܵԵֱӣϽӻóˮιȣĺ󱳣Ȼԥһ£ˮݸС
С˿Цһ£ӹҲ˿ˮ
СһС顣
СӣܵܽС
СӸСԭǸݸɽԻΪսҲòȫѣ·ֱ˱ײһɢˣСӴŵܵСֻߣҪؼȥ
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̫ˣСӴӵһȡůС̫ССӻ˯ˣСݻƵͷ˵ضС˵ҲˣҴŵܻܵؼȥȵǡ
СԲİصͷá
ССĿСİ֪һͷ
ѵ˶ʳҵСһͷΪŵˣС˿鲼Сӻ⿴һ㣬ѾˣɢԼĳСŲһʼսڻԸſ
СԼ֮ǰСʹСش˵ĸ֡
Сûĵûˡ
С룬ԼٻеܵܣСȻֻһͷˡ
СҲһؼȥɡС֣˵ǴӺܴɽԴԣЩС.ҲץӺָҺСʳǵҪ㣬ǻȥɣԺչ㡣
С̧ͷС۵ϵĹ⡣
ůůţЦ
֪Сӵļңļҡ
Ѿûмˡ
һûȥСЦ˵֮ǻؼȥɡ
Сɽﳤ󣬻ҰݡֱûжĢ᲼С壬֮ǰֻԼŵܵûץڶССԼذ|׸֣˺żץӡСЫӣټСӣСŬ
ԽԽ
ֵҴ|ֵ֣ر̤ǳرӣׯʧİȺһƬһƬɱ⣬ǧׯڸڵ춼ǱҵŭƲɢڱαɹأɹòľɳ
սң󺵣ģߡ
ܶ˿ʼղˣȫŧףŧó˿ڣȻȫ˿ڶá
ĺҲˣýСѽʣó˻ҩ
ΧתССۺٵһǣСݻƵСĬĬݷϾݹ֪ɶһ飬ϣ˲ҩܸϿתá
ʱ򣬺顣
ֵҴȺץס󵶿ѪȪˮһ罦
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Сۿͷ­£ĲҽеڶֳŵѪӤ̶ٱֵʿضȥ˹ȥͱֱһץֵͷ­ֱק̤飬޽еСӡСĺӣǱץȺһ˩קЩսƷӪء
һƬޱȹӪأձƬССĻҹյǡ
СǱؽһ޴ѾϰٸСӣ˾ɪɪһС٣§ڻ
ҹȫ͸ĺ˺ѷεؿڷ̣رŬůסˮȣҪҩıˮվͻȥ
ûҩҲıӣֻƾɵľʣ̹ǵ磬һӵĺӣرӰ㿴ϣ˵ĹӰ
Щرһֿ־͵ţԭĳ͢񼣡ˡ󺹡˾̳͡Ѫٻ
СĬĬ
ԭĳ͢ˡ
˽Ҫ񼣣ֵҵĴ
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ˡ
С룬
ʲôˣܰЩһֵҾأ
СֻĬĬе٣س׸ͯСܵ˯
һһ飬ӤĿһҹʱȻ󣬾Ҳû

СкˮСѾССʬ壬ŽС
Сŷ֣ԼάŻƣȫӲ
СԱߵ͵͵ʣܶຢڿޡ
ֵʿֱ񣬽һҹĺʬϳȥԱߡ
Сʬѣڿлһ뻡صʬϣ΢ȥ
ߣ
һۣź󱳸ϳȥ
ţȺϵһ޴ĸ̨ϡ
һ׿ĸ̨ôߣߵܸһгǳأСŬŬͷҲȫò
Сûôߵĸ̨
Ǳһȥȥ䵽̨룬ΧȦĿӣӱѣÿһѱһʿʿǣǧͷţǴֱţͷ­Ѫӿ̵ѪϪӣԶԶȥѪճһĹơ
ССӾϲָǰ棺㿴ǻʵ۱£ǳ͢Ҫˣ
С߸ͷʮңң泯͢ĳǳأΡĳǳһ̾ڱ߹صĻԭϣ͢Ĵڳǰ󣬺ѹѹĿɫʣǽϸ߸ƮƵĻ졣
͢Ĵµ۵Ļ
أ˵ܽ񼣵أ
Ȼûˣֻǳֵ͢ҵһӡ
󣬴ХŹɳ֮߸ĸ̨ͯȿֺʹش󺰣֡
С˸߲ҽˡ
ǡΪʲôСۿˮţʵ۱£ةˣЩǣΪʲôǣ
ĺŽ
εֵŮϸ̨ӵһ뼰صֵߣֵȫƤëͿɫƤƴɵĿۣý˿ܵͼƣһ֧ͬͷȡ
ֵߵ̨ǰ棬ϰĿ⿴һۣһֵ֣ʿһһȡ»ѣӽѪӣһȦѪ˲䱬Ļ⣬ѪĹСǳ
ǱǰδеļУСӰӵͯ־ļڸƬա
СļУֱСʶץ߬Ѫ
ûǣ
Ϊʲôûǣ
ССӿʣǲҪˣǲҪˣ
СĻ𣬸Żֵϼ˾ϵӰУһӴɲĺɫӰ۳ͣһͷֻڴ滰еĹϼ˾ϡ
СǵɫӰֵϼ˾ȵ򵹿ֵܴʿ˻սԶĳǳأԭľƵĻ죬޽ɽӡ
񿴼˼ңĻ𣬿صĵŮɢ֫壬ֱ̤ͷ­
ŬŻȥˡ
ŻҪˡ


ǣܲܣԺϣҪеڶˡ
ܲܣܲܣٲҪˣ
СͻȻоֱס
СӴ̧ͷС֣ӻȡһذף߬
Сӿ̧ͷԼЦ
СӴûмЦôġ
۾Բϵӣ⡣
Сӽ㡣С˵㻹ҪСؼҵȥء
Сתͷһǹ⣬һͷС¹
ССͺܺã¾ȵվһʱѾԺܣʱҪŽ׷ƻ԰Ȧ׷ϣ÷ЦǸСţӡ
еĺͯѪˮԽ𺣣ȼ䡢ͷƤЩ۵ֵŮһֻʶ˿˳һ··ӵϣķɶꡣ
һͷСţӣײֵϼ˾ĻɫӴӰϵһ̣þԼ壬ذ׺ݺײϼ˾Ŀڡ
ȼգɫħŭֵϼ˾ĲҽУ޷赲ײŲϵļ˾һ̨
С
С۾кˣ𾪿־̧ͷֵʿѹĻ𺣣ϼ˾廯ΪڵѪˮɫӴĹצץ
֡
Բ
ˡ
ˮۿӿڿһˮ飬С͵رۡ
ȴ˺ѵʹ
ûеȵ
һֱֻۣƿ磬ƿ
һůš
ǻӣȵɽĺ̩ʵ뼡
ССĵءһֻ۾һ˫͵
һߴġ̩͵ġɽɵˡ
ССڻǰӴϾСС࣬ëĳȸϸë
ɫﻯΪҽҵıƣԭĴ̤սˮ˻ֵҵľӪһ̣
꣬ޱ޼ʡ
Ǵؿʻɽԭ̣ĺʼӿʻĺ
ˮСͷϣոɵͷǽհ̵Ƥ⣬¸黨С̰õģģģڼУַġϲ·
С

߬סذ.׵ͯͦ彣ŮеľþеĿͣʱʱİ
ˣʶģŴ󴮵ˮ͵ش۽
ʦ
촽ؿޣ
ʦ
л˵
ʦڳĵλڳ塣
޾ⱲͻںɰݵĶ

ҹҪϸӣ´ŻŲϣǣo(RvQ)o



25 
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˵ƬռжжС,ֻҹǿհĺڣƬ,޴޵µ,ǧƹŴӵһ,
ĳ̶ֳ˵,Щþȷʵǻһ֡
һԲһŹ,˸˸
ûкļͷ,ֻԼԼ,ƿŻþСӵĺ곤ĳߵĲӿޡ
ССĹԴ˿ļͷϸݵֱ۽,ͨ,žžવ޵
棬һ㶼֡
ңӵĻþڳ˲ĵִԽԽ̣Ժ˵;Ʋܡ
ӡ֪ͬе£˽,˽Լ
ͯʧ,ۿɽ顢Ƽ,Ǻܾ󣬸һµϣһҡ
Ƕ飬飬˽ĵһõΣܣʦ˵ȴʵɻȱ
ĵһػþôܲǺܡ
ף
ȵ񸡹ĻӴ˵ɹκӵı˰һӰûߣ£һλ
һͷģʲôС֣ǸþôңˣþҪһˡ
飬ô꣬㻹ǲᳶѡңȴЦģһϹͷˣѾûʲô
ңӸںŻþᱧСĺܣΪпһ˵ãݽߣħƵ룬
ңô˵ŷ
ң϶ȻΪħҲû˵ѣ㻹
ķңô˵ʱζ
ǿɲЦΪ˭ݽߵϹʮ֮һ磬ͻƵڣ̫ΪΪ齣ҪϹţķʮ㶼ҪƳ첻ʱ򵫷Ը̤ճʥ
ңû볤˵Щ¶ȣ漴Цʲôϡ£ǳƢͣ˰꼷һûˣܽ۷ˡ
񱻲β͵èܻ𣺡˵˵ʲô̹ʵʵ˵۷ûһëǮϵ
ңӹЦٶŪѾ߳ŭĳ飬¿þһĿȴںܻССİϡ
СͣȴѲܣӭϣ޾ηϸεң̾²ĺӣ⺢ӣ̫ʴƵԡ
ƣһСɵԼ
⺢ȥ㲻ͿˡңЦ㲻ϲҺһѡ
âȻĿŭ𣺡ңӣң

ңӴЦ˵ʲôȻһס
鿴ңתͷζһһŹٿȻ谵񱻴ѵĵҡҡ顣
һ㶣˴˻þ
ǺʶҪͻƻþǸþǱ飬ӴײһͷǿĹͼѶ
ȤңǰϲУ̺һ˿ڤڤ˵Ĺ־
־
ȤȤ
ϣˡ
ңڲʣ¶һζ飺Ҫˡ
ңӵӰ⡣
ι
ʶ׷ȥʲôãȴһԭأֻܿŭۿңӻ⣬ǱĻþ
þӰȰ߲ĳһ˲䣬ӳһŸ
ǡ
һ㶣ɴ۾
޾̣
仯ʱĳӣӰ뻭ңǰҳһһ
ң·ЩӰ
΢ӣĸţơɻһžմӵĻԼͷ棬Ϊ峤ᡢ˲ϽޣһȨա
ңԽԽȤĺ档
˶ɵĹеˣһͷܼԦĹ
ɫ˥ܵԺӣŴķ϶һС
޾ߣԼʮһģֻŵİɰɫ΢΢ɳ¶ϸݵĲǣոշţշѿĻԼ殶
һģɳѪĶƤŵ棬һͷûëͱƤſڵȫ|λδȥʹͬƶǵԱߣȳȵӱߣŮ˵ǶϱѪһڣ
޾̵ʶ壬ߣΧ
·ûмһĳ˵Ļ䣬̲סЦһ£ԭǻص
Χð죬վŮȥ
Ů˼һ񿴼ʲôšŶ
Ǿ̶޾ĵؽ̣ͣǴ޾̣޴˼
⻹ԼȡģǸ֡޾Ц˵ΣǼǲãҲǸ⣬ǲǣĸס
ᣬһТ˳ĶӣȥŮȴԺˮޣŵˣ־忴̶ˡԭԭ
޾̴Ůǿ־Ť˫ۣŨױѪˮˮһͿݣԼܿļơ
ҲǸŮˣϵĽУȱĶûԳҰĴϻۣһϦ֮ͱ߹֮ԺյŮһĻпή࣬ڲ˵Ľ䣬̷౰ķȮһЩˮ°ο΢СȨ
껪ȥеòʧȥݰܵ岻ȮΪάϵ̰ͷԣóƽĵӣѡĶӡ
޾̾һûΣЩп˵ĸףҺܸټ
Ҳ˵һԳ塣˶٣ʧЦһźÿ
ԼħƤ
Ǻá
޾˵ǰ࣬δҲҸࡣ
ʮָл
޾̸Ů˫ۣĸףҳͷأҵȷͷˣΪϵͳ޽򣬻һλķˣһգӵħǧｭɽͳײϾҴ𣿡
Ů˿·ڿһ֢ķӣڿ־»ǲ̵ֻͷˣˣ
޾ЦһЦΪȥ޽ǵ鷢ǶԵú
ʱҲĸס˵ҹ֮ûãͲˣʹ;ƿݣپʱֻһӣûıѰҩס
Ůȫס־ֲſ
޾̿־飬ͻȻеεЦ
ŵʱǺҡʧЦʵֺαأϾҵĸס
һĶͽż᣺Ҳȫް顣
˵ʲôŮȻƵ񣬵׶˻ȥЦһЦ
Ҳָ˭ȫȻ
޾̾עã
ĸףһúܿࡣ
̰Թʣһ飬ϼҲѾǰⱲӣûһӣһһͶ̥˼ҡ
˵ţͻһԼЦ
Щһֱû˵˵ﵹࡣ˵һΣҲˡ
ĸף߰ɡ
Ůɫһ˲ãȻ
һ˲ͫ׿־طŴ
̶
̶̶Ź
̡
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һ
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ҹ޷綯ذ׾ȾѪվѪУīɢƮϺЦտտĿԹ⣬һֻҹĹһͷ
ңӾþͷЦЦÿųˬ
ϣȷ졢ʯĳ
һˣ˾ӣ糯ϼ
ǸĹ


26 
ңӴЦá
޾վ,صȴ
ð죬ңӽͣЦ
б,Īˣ֮ײ,Ϲŵ,ǳ,Ϊӡ
Ϲǧʥ,һλʥˣҲǵع,ס
ңǹЦݣ֪𣿡
ңΪ޾̻¶ãȻɫ
֪޾ȴ˵
Ŷңӷ棺֪ӵ޼,,֪
Եɺϡ޾͵ػش𣺡Ǳۡʱ屰ӣȴȺλ𣬵һλħ֮,ӵ,ƻң㲦һôߵĵ֮·ڶλλɾأϲҰģΪֺ䰮ĵӣŴζɱ⣬ǶЩĴ,ֱ,Ҳûܶҵ
ңýζأ
ˡ޾Ц,΢Цǣˡ
Ѫɲܡ
󽭶ȥɻҵ뽫µˡ
úúá
ңӹЦ˹ƣ겻߰˵꣺Ȼʲô֪úϧ㲻ʵԼĵ̣ܾðգҲΪ޻ݣ
޾΢΢䣬ĶỺݣҹɫ
ǣһ޻ݡ
ңӲ֣нþʿļ䣬֪Ϊһ޻ħֵ
Ψӵļ䣬òԲ棬Թһ
޾̵ĻңӸ棺ħһһ꣬İꣿ
ǰˡ޾ȴ˵ǳħ֣ħΪǣ㼫ѳԲأ޻ӡ
ңӣһꡭ
һ꣬ΪԼ޾Цڣ¶ϸµţ·ӡ|ĿɫĶߡ
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ŶңȤ룬ղСûǴĸƲڡССδϣ
ᵽ޾
޾̣ǡ
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ҵĻ޾̻΢ЦȴȻˣñ䣬³ţɭҹֺܲαضѿࡣ
ң
𣬸ղŰͰͽˡˡ˵˼ҪȥģѵǸ
ңӸеˡ
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ƫƫƫƫΣƤ·ˡ
ң̫ܴ˱Уһָ΢ζ
Щ˵ڣҲԼûʶжҵĲʡ
ֱһͷŭǿΪ޷Լ˳̳븹δõļǿҴ޷Ƶŭŭ£ŲסαװƤҶױһͷ˶ɵĹ
һĻҰĲˣñ׼ŭ
ֻһ
ҲԼûʶʶδԸϣǱĿģҲȷʵڣ鰮ȴδʲô⡣
ңӾþݳ꣬ɫȻû㱡
ƫִڱ˵۾˿ԼġңӺȻ˵ˣΪȡħأҲʹȥҲΪԼء
޾Ȼĳ״̬г룬һ˲ʵйȫ»ָƽµɫңӣȴЦ⣬ǰǲԸ޻𣿡
ңЦֻһ˼ҵķθ
һЦǰθ֮ԣģֻ鲻ͬҲиľڹ˽ʱȡ޻Ϊȡ
Ƕ嵭ְһ
˰ˣ죬ĿֻߵƶˣȻߵϸǣмһˡ
˰
ūeܾΪܱȴҲԳ˹أȡ޻ݣҵȻܾ
ңӣֻǣˣǧҪڡ
޾΢΢ۣüһ˲俴̬
죬Цһ˵֣޾̡
޾̣޴ްܣȻڡ
ң»ָң̬
ãңӴЦұ㿴ЩСһ˭ߵ󣡡
һ֣âʢ꣬ڱ紵ƮݵУۿɼٶȰθߣɬӽ¶

оԼͷʧ
ֻ̧ͷϺ͵
ݡģ뿪״嶴ʱûʲôǱ˫Ϣڱĺϣۣϸ£ò忡ذĹ⻪һɽһƬĺվڻǬĽϸĲȥŮͯ߰ˮͷ
òһһǻġ
ˣúӣˡ
г
˫̺Ͻȴα䣬ϸ괺ӣһЦ⣺Ǹ֡
ٿȻ
ڵϣΧĻɳսĴߴļ̨ҵɱ޺һоٿȻȫʧ
άֵƣ촽䶯ţǾ京ɤ
ʦ𡭡
ӰңӴЦŵͷ𣺡ϲ㣬СѾͷһػþѾͨˡ

ǱڵأĨȥᣬȴȻֹס
ôūeܾճħΪʲôΪĻþرʵĵҲڳŴʮٱֱʶУݲһ˿һܡ
ֻǵһػþֻǿȥĵ֡ʦ֮ǰŬѹססһ̵Ĵ󽭱й
۾ˮһϻȥ۾ͷʣҵһػþʲô
ÿһ˵ħͬңӣһͬģħеġ
ĵһػþ޹ˡң˵ǻ޵ˡ
󲻵ãԹᣬ롣
ȥһİɡ
ͫ˲һͷܾ¹
âʢʲô񱻴Ӱת۵۾
ңӵǼһֱԸȥ£
Ͳ⿪׮һֱŵ𣿡
ⳡơԼǻԵɺϡˣǴһʼǳĵı
Ƿĵģ
ϲ𣿡


ʮˡ
صӣʦӲ״ʽɽţϰ깦ȥոڲСӣĶˣɽԼ쵽С̫ƽʦָ˳ɽʦʦ
ʮݣȥӺ갣ϵԼŴ壬ͳϽ֮أΰ˷ȻҲ֮УʦЩɽɻʦεʦһȺСȥϲո֡
ۣѽ
ǿɲһɲһһķ֡
㿴Ǳߡ
갳Ŵ󿪣ȺĦ࣬޳ŴֵĳǰʻصСڳߴߴ˷ֱ̽⽻ڴأڱ䣬޳ǰеһҡһΣ۾⿴
Ȼֻ޳
մ򶷣ͻٴƬӣ˷ȥǣԸɴһˣ
ЩݸЧ·ϰף˭˵ֻ޳㲻ȥȶߡ
Եǰɣ㣡
Щߴ䣬෽ȥһҽֱ¶쳨
һǳɫɳ䷭ţ˼ۣƵԱߣһǵ̯λ
һĸǣģСŮͯǼ̯λŮͯţ̲ס׵½ǣС˵ףǡ
ĸŮƾɣɫݻƣصĲȻƶࡣ

ֿ࣬ССŮͯ۵׽ֳ㱡
ȷʵܺóԡֻԼСС˵ģ
ǰÿÿϽֵʱҲҪק½ˣġ
ƶĸŮĿ¶ɫ⡭
۾ӻ﷭³ȥǸС֧
СҪУҲҪ
˳ҲԼһ֧^^
Ҫ³ȥǰȻѾˡ
Ǹꡣ
ѡ飬ţȴûֱ뿪ƫͷ˿ƼݵŮͯߵԱߵ̯λȡһϣϰ嵭˵˾ʲô
ϰ忴Ǯ¶ϲɫӦƬ̯λǶϲЦտȥݸСŮͯ
겢࿴һֱۣתˡ
תҲ
üܸߵı۽޴°Ӱ𪣬һȻص䡣
ҪŤͷ³ȥĶͣס
ӶУĦ࣬޳ʻϸϸ΢紵ѾԼůϢ
ڴرߣƮɴûֻԲֱۣıӰԶ
С硭áÿ
ҲǸúõ˰
л˵
ǿĻô·İ
Ȼ··ţԼ·ȥˡͷ


27 
ʦ㣡
ʦʦ㣡ʦεʦһȥ
ƿ,һСʦ̽ͷͿŴ⣬ʣô,ʦ㿴ʲô
Ŷû
ع
ֻǡһܺõˡ
⣬ʻǵ̯λ,ӰѾˡ
֪Ϊʲô,һ˵㯡
СԴ´ֱ,̲ס,ղҪǿһȥ֣ͺˡ

ϯ,ԴԴӭ,ƨ̲סŲŲ
һϵϯ,־յͺҪ˯
Աߵεʦתͷһ,ݸסˣ
е㺦ߡ
εʦʦĶ,صӴͶƱϵϲʦ㣬Ҳᣬһǳɫɴȹڷڣһտ͵ãҲ᲻ͷûϢ͵Զͤͤ,һٶׯ
,Сš
εʦЦҡҡͷ,˵ʲôһУһֻȻİϣһֻ롣
εʦᾪһϽŲȥһֻͨëҺڵС񣬲ƴСɿɰȴһĶصļⳤ๣֪ǲǱ˷εʦϣִ룬һ͸ëſˡ
εʦһ£ϧ˵Сǿ
ͬصͷҲ࣬ӰģһУεʦɡ
ҪһֻɾСȸǵȻǸܿɰĳһëʪ͸ˣεδ߻εʦ㻳ˣֱˣå
εʦ͵;һԾãۿҪŪεʦɾƯȹѣˡȡһһۣһܱСԼ
˻
Сļ๻ģγһѪڡ
ʦã
ԼѪ˿ڣֿԼؿڱȾʪһƬûƢ
СڻǱסˣһʱû̧ͷ˳ɵëˡ
ϲСɪɪԹԼҲһֱܲڣ˿ڲ·ҲͨŵۣϿܻȥһˡ
⺢ӣôﱧ¡
εʦæóӸԹԸ˼£Լϵմεʦ㣬Ͻ˵ʦʦҲˣȥ·
εʦҲǣϽǱ߻ࣺʦ֡
ʦָӦһ׾ƴǣε˵תͷ㿴
ǰһƬˮڹһֻɪɪ۰Ͱͳǡ
֪Ķֻȸ񣬴룬ʦΪҵˡ
εʦǸ˵ţϽҡͷһ˵ûûУεʦ۾
ʮͣǶ¶㽵ʱЩСʦεʦ񻰱ӣô廪覣ܱεʦ㣬ػսʿһǳֵý¡
ʣûˣ
εʦѹȭסĵСӣæҡͷû·ˡ
ֻŪ·㲻ϣóصסĿͷƸ˵Ȼȥɣϻһ磬ʱߡ
εʦҲȥ·Ϣһ
۾ģæͷСȸڻĴϯ˳ȥ
һͥԺе˲С˴룬³һһһܡ
ȻϤ˺ܻ룬ͱеˣӦЩѽʣﶼ̲סֺͷٵأòҵᣬȻѾ
·þһСӣͶ׳ر߸Сϴϴ򣬰ϵϴְëɡЩµʱСȸԶˣëϴҲһֱͷ
Сϴϴˢˢһۣͫޱȣ¶⣬Ҳ䲻һĳһʱ̣Ǻתǵĺ˿ٿȻ˵ëȻ
һ£Լˣȥϸڵ۾ԴãȻؿаѪ˿
Ȼˡ
ԼԴ˻ԼĻ˿ڣ̯ԼĿ˿ǵѪ۾Ȼûϣ˴ָСȸԴƸҧģ㡣
˵ãǸ
СȸѸһ⣬һ£վ̽ĲŮůϸ۵ƣܵ۾
СȸϴɾɾСȸ˶ëһ£Ƿⳤ๾½קקǰɡ
ԡ
ŷСȸֱӻȥ·͵˯ġ
Сȸһֱţͷɴشַһɾѻϣܣܵһôϡ
Сȸɵϣͣһ֦農ˡ
ȥܵСȸԱߣҲûʲô쳣̽뿪Сȸ˹ҧס·ôߡ
ðɣɴȲˣһƨپ֦辣ӻ
ʦǰ͸ļг飬˵һöϹոսѪûѣʦúû¾ó
ӣС磬رۣ˯ȥӵļЦ
ͷ߰˸վڲԶվɰΧӣƽһ꣬ؼ
ⲻҾţôôܳˡ
ɲǣ֮ǰۣãӰȥ
˵ˣó϶˵Ϊһǧôһǧư
ǲ۵һΪչҾţ˲ðôǿҪˣʲôͷˡ
Ҳ䣿ʲôһ֮Ůǧװߣɲ|һĶүĽֺ䡪
Ҳȥˡ
ЩϵӵܣͣμùϵĹ£Ȼˣô֮
Щ競ͽΧסʼˣϴŸʽķ÷ȥײ壬걻Χס˵Ӱ㿣һʱֻоԴЩʮģܿһͷīΪݳҡΣϸϸƵķ˿ɢɢڰɵϣīɫˮҡҷ
ȴԶԶţĪãСÿ
䣬ȺһСĽ壬ںһ͵Ŀڴȥ
ɱ˵ʽ
붼ûӳذʣذʦ͸ķݺײ˲佫ֹ۶ϡ

˲󺧣׷ɢ󵹵زҽз꣬һ۳ȾСڲԶԱ߻һɫذʣĺ⣬ȻǼķ
Ҫɱˣ
ǽʿͿСȻһذʸ۶ˣֹǣ
˾ֲֻ꣬ΧľƧǲѡط鷳ڿΧһλܣۿǵһһصسֹǣһ
ѹɤӣ³˵ͳϵߣǴȥ
˶ʱŷģæڵϣСλǿߣȴٿڡ
ɼѾŻˣǾǰ޿˿꣬æǲҽеˡ
յֻʣꡣ
һȥԱߣǰذʡ
վڷ֦̽ԴΪĻҪһЩԵ̫ΪӺܸߣҲܳʱ·սյϸϸģͣͦͦÿġ
Īһ£Ӧ˲
ذʣʦģ꽻ϵĹ£Ҫ鷳ˡ
뿪ڽûѾߵǰ
ô֪
˲ţҳˡ
ȴû˵ʲô΢΢̧֣̯ذʾϸģȻ˵лл
ͻе΢ɳƣᣬϣһַ·Ȼ䡣
̧ͷһۣ򰢳ķ
ԭء
зᴵ䣬һƵӣƤīüۣͦ΢΢ţǳķۣü浭ɫ䣬һ뺮ɽѩԼɬɫ

ССſͣ
Ȼ
л˵
Ļʼݡ



28 
ǵ,Ǹ·Сһ̯ǵꡣ
ӡ̣ˡӡҲ̡
Լһɫˡ
ǣСĳÿ
ɽҶúܺÿ,ģʦ,һ𳤴Գڵĺʦ,ʦ,ȫºպ
ûˡ
,Ҳʮͣܿ,ȴǰʦֳȻ޼᲻ݵӢ,ǲ԰׵,ģһһѩ,ȴһ¸ߵ
ò,ʡ
ȫļϣ
ʶָ
ƽģذź⣬ӳüĿʣ㲻ȡ𣿡
ûҿ
һΪ뱩¶Լصӵݣǡ΢е㺦ߣָ
װ辺棬¶СԴĿ
һ,ûж
üĿ,,Ҳ˵ʲôֻǰذʷԱһ֦߲͵֦ϡ
޳𪣬ص֦辱ȣһĪɫʳײ
̧ͷŰķ
һ䳺赭ӣƤغڣ촽ûʲôѪɫеĻˮһƬӰ
ķ򣬺ȻЦһ¡
δɫ޾ġ
еǳһЦȥһֻ
ͣסһգգǿԼ
ֻ˺̵ܶʱ䣬һ̣ͰЦⶼ±ӡ
һֱǱѩˡ
辸ߴһۣתˡ
ߺ󣬹˼Ϣ̴
ȥǸ辣ذʣذµģ񻹴һĵ¶ȡ
ذʣ̲סյø뿪ķ촽
ϵСȸԶȥıӰֿǱߵһֱѰ͵̲ͫס¶Լɵʺ޵ɫʡ

Ҫ֮ãڶȻҲס¡
пվ͵ܳȥǿô
ӵܣÿ峿ϰã·ǿôţȥ
֪֣ΪġҾšС޾̡
֪ϼĺӣȴǵӣӣĸַĸ輧ϼңܿ࣬ĸǰˣһϵҲܣԺԺй˼ֱ꣬ǰͻȻϵע⣬ŷӵһѧϰ
֪Ųͬ彲ףѪ𱰣޾Ǽ֮ӣĸݱ΢ҲƲӲܽѧã츳ԽԽãΪչúܿ죬ʲô¶ãҲûԸһ棬ÿ߹ĶԱߵӵܶԶԶܿһ𼥷Ц
귴Ӧ飬䵭ĬȻ߹ЩȺһݹ¸ߵӰӡ
Ī
տʼ죬ûסܻȥһѷ䣬ЩٿʱͶǽԶԶӷ䣬Ȼֻܴ֣ӸһСˣʲôŻӣһǹһطըüɹѧһ𡮷ֲ֡˵
͵̫ܵƵˣͻܣյĹʵһεʦע⵽סϤʲô¡
һ飬վʦǰ֧֧ᡣ
εʦһȻݸʦã˰ɡ
˲˸͸ֽͣûûû
εʦסЦȤģʦôŰ
Դ飺ʦ㡭
˺ˡεʦЦˣǣ֣ҪˣǸСˣȻϲˣصմǵСʦãûκѹ㣬㽫£ҲضǿԼϲ˭ֻһ㣬ҪԼԼ۸
ůůģ˵ĸжεʦ㡭
εʦ֣ЦҪϲȺʵʱ򣬴һǡ
Ť󣺡֪ӰӶûеء
εʦݸ˵ʲôһ޴죬ܰ˷˼
εʦסʶȥ
ңң
ˣ
찡޳

УԶԶΡĳǽ̮Х޳ӿ룬̨֮ͤ¥̮ɷ棬Һɫ̳ĳǳظ
һͦεӰѩ׵ĵ˲նɱǰͷͽࡣ
ʦ֣
εʦŤͷһ䡰šԥγ׷ϡ
Ȼܵţصӣʱôܶں湶ҡ
çײ֪ԼСΪʦʦȥЩ·ңѸپ£ʮŵӣΧСһЩСޣͨ·֯ӰЩʧĳȥլۡΧһȫĳ
Ǽк޺𣬰ɱɱŶǺˮһƳСһͷħһꡣ
붼ûȥ̫ƽӹĺâħ룬һתͷ󺰣û¡
һ˫Ϥغõķ
Ȼ޾̣
Ĭ¶һ٣ѾѪŪ࣬Ӥ˺Ѱ
ղϮȺײ̤ڵϡ޾̵ҲΪ֮ǰҵıܣɳɳģ˶еĵƵĴϢӤϸۣǴ֮޶׷ܡ
͵ػع񣺡ߣȰѺӴȥȫĵط
޾̿ͮͮĶ⡣
޾ȥӤŵӣȥϸۡȫ
Ȼѯʳ£񼸺ΣڵĵӣʴҸֿ޳
ȻСΪҲߣصմӣʦ״ƣ³̣ʦεʦȻڣҲԸָӡ
˽ͷȥլۡǱ߱Ȼ갵ĳǳͼٴȥɨȫĵطཨݵ㡣
Ҫߣ޾ͻȻվ
һ£
޾˵дңͼѾϤ갣Ϊ·
ʶΣա
޾̿ɫ£ȴ΢΢ʱһˣĪ޷ܾ
㲻Σգֺξ塣޾Цһ£ûУֻ͵͵˵ǹ갵ķӣҸ¡
ûɾܾˣͷȴЩһˡ
һ׸ӤҲΣʱ޷ͦ
Ϊ½Գ֡񣬵бòȸĶиõƷ£䣬ʵǸޱᡢеθеˡ
Ī˵ĸˡ
һȥնɱޡ
תС·ʱ򣬰һŤͷ޾ں棬ͷһ
˳ȥԶ֯ݹ⣬ǻʦεʦ㲢һִһ˰ν뽣âնϺХȥ޳һĶŮվӭ񣬱·͵ϡ
֪ôרעʲôԥŻҹӣ
޾̻عͷɫͻȻ߹һס
סӦ˲䱬졣
ߣߡ޾̶᣺С·졣
һƬհףҵͷ
޾̿ߵصҿԼȻЦһ£תС·ȥ
˽Сﴩ޹νӭУ޾ȥɢŲ·ĳ
֪˶ã޺ɱڽϢֹб䣬̫ƽֻ֣³һתͷ˸߲Ҫ˵ͼλ˻Ρ
ɫ԰ף촽ûһѪɫһؿڣȫ˻ΣȻصڵϡ
ҹӣ
л˵
Ӹ9㻹һo(RvQ)o
Сȸҹķ.Ĺ֮һ



29 
ҹӣ
ӿհһ,붼ûܹȥס޾̵ֱۣһ
һֱ̹,¶һˣһ,һͷ,ͿؿڴƬѪ,ŵؿӿ
ֹȥһ,Ѫճָ⣬ڻ谵Ļƻ,һƬĿĵĽڵɫ,ڿ뵳ʴϸ΢
˰ء
ұͷħĶ̴ˡ޾䵭ħ
˵ħһ塢;ͬ,ǴеѪͳħħ絮ĹǬħ޶ǵħǰҰ޽ϲѪ,Ҳ,һЩħҧмٵĿܱȾħ
һȾħħ
ǬĽħ֮Żɢ޵ʿһħϸñصնɱ
صնɱ
,,ؿĺѪ
,ţ̧ͷ
ɫ԰ףǿһѪ˿壬ң
ɱҡƣصӣӦնħ
ϲֵһģֱħ֣ɱңϲ𡭡ħʼӣʼһƽңҲ㡣

촽Ȼҡҡͷ
Ҳɱ㡣Ҳڲ㻹ûħҲɱ㡣
ļĶ
ͻȻ侲ϾǺС;;Ƽսѵˣ˼еȻľģҪʱܱر
˵̫ˣ޳ȥܿӹܳǳأʱ򵽴ˣ˿ںױ֡㲻棬ǻϼլԺȥ
ϵ˴ƽңûջرɡ϶˵Ժӻȫĵط
޾һ£ɫЩĪ
һͷСֱۣסֱۣӲǽ뿸
ѹϣҪ˺˿ڡ˵ߡ
Уƿ·ŽͷβУΪ޾̵ؿڵĺѪţо˵ĺԽԽأż
˯
һ͵ˣټһ¡
ҹӡ
޾ŮӵëΪһɱ˻ƣȴȻһֹ
ȻڣΪʲô
һ¡
㱣ǸСޣű빥ġ
촽˵ҼʹûЩ˵ˣˣ㻹ûħҲɱ㣬˭Ҳɱ㡣
޾û˵ʲô
оʹ°ʹͷķ˿ɦգĺأǻڴ
ҧҧŲǼӿ졣
˻ңֻϵĻأڣóصӵӷܹȥˣʶ޾̵ļң޾̵͵³ָָ̼·ôײײڵ˵ط
һΪСԺӣԺǽʯͷͷˣܸɾʯԺǽ۵ϸжû̦һ·ƿԺţƿյţ޾̷¡
޾бӲɣһͷˣīɫĳɢīˮһӲ԰ףһϸۣ͵͵شϢ
ģ֪ôǺãȥͷֱ̹ǡڷźȴӡ
վȥ֪ⶼùŵر׹Ҳ˵ûһԾһħˣħ޽⣬ҩɾȡ
ΨһϣħĶԶħħ΢ԼŹȥ
ҷҩҳһ֥ݣϹЧõаħҩݣʦؼʱõģ޾̸ɬѵĴ꣬ԶһСľһװɰ״ɲ豭ȥò豭ˮһ޾ȴץס
һæתͷ
صشϢǰһûһѪɫ޷ʪȴһգգ˵֪գҡ
ס
㡭ȡϣذʡɡǰѡȿǰȾС
ֹסؿȣ㣬ҡ
Դȣ飺ҡ·⿴ûʲô

޾ȴ˵㲻ǡ
þȻҰǳĴǣȡ
Щӣ㶼ڣ峿ƻ裬ϡ͵˵ÿϿηſ·ϣڱоĿ⡣
ڿҡ

˲͸ˡ
죬úƨɡƻ̫
ڵɫȫ԰ǵһֻƨɵĺ̫¿ƻ
޲ܵһȥԴ죬صͷԡԲ𡭡
ûжԲ𡣡
ЦȴԳһֽҵɫûԲҡ
ϿηſΣ·
˵㿴ңͲÿֻһ
ղܿƷ졣
ߣĻţЩţ̧۾Ŀ⡣
һֱڿһġ컵
°꣬ڲʹĥУ·һֻϺıſϱļ׿ǣ̻¶۵ġо⡣
Ӳ԰ף۽յ÷죬þÿץסƶס֡
˶ס
Ŵ¶һ̾ϢЦݡ
ұ˵͵˵¡ڲ˵ûСûлˡ
һ¡
ʲô˼
ǾԼҪˣѾʲôˣֻǰﻰ˵
ϲ߻ûϲҲǺкøУһһ顣
תͷ˽֡
޾ͻȻоԼֱס
ͣȴůᶨ
̧ͷʪ۾
¡˵¡
һ㡣
˵һܳŹȥһֻֻǽס֣޹鰮޹һѣסһ׹µİˣ͵͵ؼᶨ˵㡣
ûħ˭Ҳɱ㡣
ȥ㡣
ħʧȥ־һͷѪĹɱ㡣

޾̿¹峺ᶨԣһĿڿĳִδ
Цͷ
ҩݸ˳ͷȥȻɻͷۡ

޾̺ܿա
нȱĵҩҩóιʶȴһֱҧס죬һԸʳκζòȥ촽ҧһֱСο˵ûϵҩҩڰѵҩιȥ
ҩҩιˣֻ÷˵ķӣýպˮ£ͷ첻ϲ¶ֱۺͲȻιˮ
Щá
޾ѾյȫƤѪ죬źļѿӿںɫѪܿ콫ȾһѪˡ
ڴأ
ص΢ȡڵҹɫ͸յĴֽڵذĹ⣬Լʼһҹ޵˽ظĶ
ʱ䲻ˡ
ǰɫѪ͸˴죬ɫ԰ףƺֹͣ
ۿʪˡ
ûжԲ𡭡
㿴ңͲÿֻһ·
¡ٲ˵ûлˡ
һϲˡ
Ҳǡһϲˡ
Ƨ䣬ֱе͸СúöǣΪ·ˣħҲŲ˵Ը˺Ĭűɱ
㲻ҲţͷӲ۾Ҳ᲻á
ָԼӣ¶һݺҧȥ
ʺѪ˲ӿ
󣬵޾ߣѪι
귢ڵ촽ѪˮȾʺɫڻвֵغ⶯ʲôƻͻȻͷס󣬱|̰ܰ˱Ѫ
ҧۼˣŴź˲ӶŴûһ
볤鶨ԼһѪⶼܳҪ˵ҩ
ʦҪ֪ˣ϶Ҫҳٱ顭
ӣȴڣ޾־ڴϢѪȵķӣҲÿ־ֻǴű˵ҪŬѽ
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30 
쳹״ˡ
Ŀ,ۣԭɭȻɲħѾʸɾ
ݼŨѪζ΢΢,ȴĳ˵ǳҩ㡣
΢΢Լһֻ,ϸŮӵ,ѩ׵Ƥס̵Ѫ,߰ߵ,÷ɢѩأһѪ,鲼żҧ,ҧü,ݺӣէһĳҧסﲱҰ,ҧġ
ͷ,֣űָȥѪ败ԱѾ˯ȥŮ˯۵һ
޾̧ͷؽڵŮϡ
ͷɢ䣬ʪ鷢޽Ƕͷ춼ǻҳѪۣ¶һϸĲΪʧѪƣ,ļԳһֲĲ԰,ɢϸѵ
޾̼ǵõһμʱ,ڸߴҼ䣬ò峺ݴͣЩϵŮưȴһŵӲ󼰵ȡ
նɱޣССɫнֹʱκͳϸ߻ŵӣȴ۵û˯ĴأǱҧѪͺۼŪࡣ
޾ֹ̾ȥӡ
һһֻɫڴأѪӳŷеĻ棬ŵ΢΢һ.컵ȸŮӣͷ޲üǣƺһ˲ͻȥȥ
񷢳һĴȻ³ЦԭҪĿɲôͻˣ
Ĵͣһ̧ͷĿɨһۡ
΢΢Ц˹˵ߵģ𡣡
ɫ䣬Сͱëһ˲ĳּӲֹǵĿº⡣
޾̡ؼУϿſҰ㣬ɲһСС壬ҶҴ񣿣
ɫûһ˿仯ֻǴŮ˯ӣ·Ҫ¡
㳳ˡ˳һϸСëĶ䣬ظ࣬Ц˵죬ɡ
һ˲ʲô漴ŭޡ

оնģԺۣͶʹĿ⡣
ͫغڣַа䡣
ˡݰջȥ΢΢𣬱Ȼ¶һЦԲͷѹڶҿ˯ò۳
ðŷӦ
ˣһ飬۾ˣˣ
ǱЦ˵ͷţҺˡ
Ͻȥֱۣ¶պֱۣЩɫѪʧˣƤȻ԰ףûаħƻް֮ˡ
ãá˵ò֪˵ʲôãͦˣħûˣԺ󶼲
޾վС۷һԼתתԼǰʱͻȻסۡ
סˣͻܽӴʶˣȴʲôҲûֻӣ¶Ѫ߲
ſ
֮ǰļһ»Լʲô
ԼѪι޾ˣ
Կһ飬˲伸Ѿ뵽ʦɫ
ʦѳΪػƽΪ˱ѳüΪܣ֪ΪһֻԪѪ϶ɽѺȥؽգظٰʮ֣
ʶջ޾ûֱһеſ
ҡһЩҩ˵ģ͡ͲҪ
꿴˵Ҳʡ
һ˵ҵĺã֪
һ¡
һ졭ȻЦһ£Լ̬
˵Ҳܱ㣬ͺˡ

ǿװµͷȴѾ͸ˡ
ǲǡǸ˼ѽ
ô˵
ں˼Ľ֮
ѽ
һƬհףûϲһˣҲһᱻ˰Ľȫ֪ʲôӦС;͸ĸ߸߼̨ƴȴֻ޴룬
޾̿Ŷͷֺߵӣ΢΢Ҫ˵ʲôغȻһ
Ȼһɭĺ⡣
ͻȻ濴ȥһֻС
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Ҽ֮ǰ֪ôϯһϴء޾̽ͣȻԭ𣿡
š޾̵˵ҲֻιΣˡ
һ
ô˵ģܹȥͷ޾ȴ֮ǰȥһۣһְˡ
ƽʱƢã߶ˡ޾̴˵ɳȥҰŪһңŪ·
΢΢Ŵ죬ƽɫһʱ֪˵ʲô
ðɡ֪ΪʲôԸ񣬵˼ҲˣȻ˼˵㡣
ͷע⵽춼ˡ

ɫԵ߰ˣ֣ʦεʦҲ֪ôˣ޾ˣøϿȥæ
뵽סˣƨһ
ҵȥʦʦˡ
Ҵҳȥ޾ȱȥкۼɨɾǱһڣ㲻صġ
վԭأֻĿһֱ׷˵ͷ
Ǹƽʱ̫ӲӣĿ£û취תͷߡ
أԥһ£̧ͷ
㡭¶˾ģ޾˵Լչ˺ãЩ鷳ȥ˵ǵ¡
޾΢΢һ
Щû뵽Ըô׾͸ŵ
ʶ㼸£һû˵پ仰صմǲ״Ψһĵӡκδͳϣö࿴һ۵Ĺˡ
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һˡ
û뵽档
޾̿γе۾΢΢Ц
ȥɡ˵ҵ㡣
˵ͷһ롣
ͷȴһȦֻԼѪȣȭͷ·ӭһͷţ
һۣŤͷܳ⡣
ҪϿЩ鷳½Ȣءޣؼȥ
ŮһǻѪ˳ܳȥûע⵽ԶͣµĶ顣
ͣ¡
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ҳиɿŻߵŮۣز״Ůӡ
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ҳиϵóϸ磬ڵһʱõصӵΪž桢֮ףλ֮ϣصմӵڴϵȢһλǸϵõص
ҳи峤ĵճӣ߹ʲףֻھͿԳ֮λȻαȢһλصմӣһֻλմŮӣһλŲµĶεãһλشϲ״Ψһĵӣ
ҳи֪״һ𡢹ΪףǸӭȢ֮ͽȴŵŮεãصķʻ갣ȥӭңңεվڷ֮ȹѵӣ޵ֻɢֻӲԼķˣֻصĶӣҲ¾Ȣ
ȢεãһϵС
㿴ҳиǴģ
˳ȥһۣǽϸܵĺˮǡի
ի֣ԭֻһƬưܵСԺһ꣬Ϊһͻ¶ͷһ˵˶֡
ҡޡ̡ҳиɴＷ֣Ǹ֣Ҳң
æһˣҲǺ·
ܣҳиͻȻŭȣһ޷ݵı뾪ɽ֯ϣһ˲䶼΢΢Ť
ǶǸ֡ûпȥʵǸ֪ҵҸоóҳиҧ֪ʹʲôֶΣ㿴Ժã´οȡʱ֡
ѧǸղ״Ůӣ飬˷ޡҳи͵ȣǺӱȣҲʲô
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ϴһǼûܳûɱһѲ֪˭ذʾʹˣֳ˵ķԷһʱٶ֡ҳиիķȻ壺Ϊٵˡ
̧ͷӡ
˵ˣѾҳиɫ̶񲣺޳ûȫȥɱӽ޳кУ˵ɱΡ

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ҹͷԲһ죬Ҳܱͺˡ
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31 
ȥ֮,ܿҵصĴ顣
ʦֺεʦѾˣһ޵Ѫľ,ƣûôˣΪڹ,갵ĳǳһù,и,Ҷȥ,һһֻǰפأ㽫޳ڹ갳,תࡣ
ʦֺεʦְȥǰս,صĵ,̫СΪԶԶսﲻæ,Ͱ¶ӹ,ʦʦϢСȥӵֵܷе簲ʬǣؽǳصȵȡ
æתʲô鰮һʱԺÿڶܣڻʦֽסǲϴʶʱ,ȫһ¡
ãȻ˭
,ɫ
˵,˽´ĽȥĶʲô
һãȻʲôҶʶ
Ҳ֪ҡͷ˵λϴҼΣưΪ˶ɰԵΪǿ֮ˣΪ֮أ޳⣬ԺҲʲôҲ⡣
С׵ͷףʦģ治ʶ֪ʲ
ȵȣ
ͻȻס
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εʱһܣһ䡰εʦáȼҴƿˡ
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Ǽǰġε˵Ǵʦɽǧﳤ;Ҳյ¡
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״øϾüͷվߣȥš
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һܵԺӣƿԺţĿǰžСԺŰڡ
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ȥ𣿵Ϊʲô·ûлĲˮûͼˣ
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ԥʱͻȻһЩ
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ţĿ׷ǰӰٷԼϣһͷӯ¹е谭Ȼһ
ƹ֪֣խССͷͣ£һ̮˰ߵ¥ǽԫ̳бұѪ÷ڣ񷢳һչ˽
ԥ.̫ƽһֽ·ƴ롪

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޾̸ڵϣڿѪ
Ѫˮ°һʺĺۼէ񱻵ƬƤԳһֲֿ޵ɫʡ
ۣÿһѪˮͻӿεδڵϣܿڵճһС̲Ѫ
ޱǱһͷɽԼĺһϢ
˶˵䵭ԣڼ
Աһֻѥסŵص֣ݺݵȥ
ͷƤĹ
Ҳôã˵֣δΪã϶ҳиЦͷһƺҲ˵޾̣ҾãˣЫز
˵ǱСȱֱ߳ʮһֲͣѧһɡҳиɳЦڲ״СŮƨɺͷתôΪأܸ컻أһҵϣһӣʲôҵ
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ҳиۿͻȻԼһЦҧݣѪˮٴδӽҪĴӿһΣѪˮһɫŴڻһƿҳиɽ¡
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ҳиɸоһͷԵĹ죬ɲ˵ø׻
ЦֻԼΪأŻм棬ˣ֪µ֣Ҳֻᵱ֪
ҳи˼ţ͵ЦŭŮΪ㱨𣿡
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32 
罦Ѫڰջ޴İ뻡
ӴٿȻص,൹סʯϳǽΣ
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࿴ǽԫһδ޳ײҳ,ü
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ڳγǳأұҲټųˣڳУ׷ڵϰͳֻܼ״һ档
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޾ߵǰ
϶ѪҲѪεδȥ
̧֡
ΪҪԼ
ϣס̫ƽֻ֡
ɱҡͻȻ˵
仰Ϥ
ħħ󣬶˵Ļ

ͻȻۿɬˣ촽ʼ˵ֻǱ.ܵزҡͷ
޾̿Ů۾ף촽ɬᷢԸ⿴ȴͷƲִֵҡͷ
һͷ׵¹һֻëɱʪĳ
ϧĿ⿴ȴ֪ԼǶô
޾΢΢Ц
Цݸ԰ˣɫѪ߲ƣȡ
á˵ϣ㲻ڡ
͵ضһֶֻ֣ƿɫ裬ȻǽڣѹԥѶ谴
ɴ۾
һȥͱʶڣѶ³ȴţס졣
ϵѪһʶѪɫģǲɱ˽ѪԼѪ
׶ѪɫѪ䶯
ǡ˼һơϢţ˵еӹƣҩɽ⣬ҿܻ»ԺҵҲԼˡ
Ȼˡһһ֣Ը㡣
ס
ղƭģ㻹Ժڡ
ЦڣһǽֻҪңɱҡ
ʱԡ
δ䣬λ˻ΣٿȻ۶ϵĺ׵ȥ
ʶסһڵأϺܿ챻ӿѪȾһɫ


ʼڲһƬհף֪ʲô
ͻȻײ

̧ͷڿ˵һ̣һֱǿŵ˲ӿ˺ѷεؿ޺ʦ𣡣


33 
ܵĶˡ
һƿ,ͿбСŮѪ˺ѷεؿ,źʦʦ𣡡

ܶʱʲô˲ˣæȥ,ʦ,ް
޵Ǳ,ϡﻩ,ܶû޳ӣĶšһ,۵§һ󱳣,
ںĻεü˸һ,ͿصѪʬ壬ȻһֿڵϿ,ϻһѪ֪,һʱ֪˵ʲôá
ʦáεżỽһ
ȳȥܵ򾲣ֻۺӿޣ˵ʵڵݣʮӵѪҲ㲻ʲô߰ο߶Ի˵ȥ¥ţûҵӦʣκ˽
εöһֻۣס˳ȥ
ֻʣʦͽ,һԵ޾̡
ܸտʼûܵĺ,Ѿˡ
һס,ָꡣ
ʦ𣡡޵۾ˣŴŹɤӿ󣺡ʦȾʦȾɣ
һתȥꡣ
һ۾Ϳѵߡ
ܲЩẢӣһ۾Ϳ걻˼ӹơ
Ѱж
˼һƣأ˵ǶȴʵһʼһģѰ
ʦ𡭡涣ޱĿ
üֵͷº룬ӹÿһ
һЦڵϡ
еޱȵɣûʦ£ʦ޾̣һԻˣ
ĨĨ۾˦β͵Сʦ
ȻͿʦĶͻȻס
һֺϸ΢ı仯Ҳ˸עⲻ
ʦǺһʦ
һСֱһСܵ׵
תˣúض
ιѪ

ҡʣ֮ǰˡħˡҲҾ͡
ˣϽ䣺Ѿˡ
ˣܿ˵һĹͷѾȫħˡ
Ӻһ
ջ֣վ
᲻˵Ϊѡĺõطɡ
˻˵ʦǡһħѪͳˡ
ҲǡĿ⵭ܣʬɭ޵ĳ棺һССͱɱ˵꣬пѪԣδرȾá
һʱס
ҡѾĿһָװӣҲҵĵӣϲһħħݡ
ǡ̲ס˹ȥܵϥͷסȣޣʦˣһ˰ȾɣȾɡ
ֻܱۣôһӣ굽ڣ룬ϵʦҲԸժ㣬ֻΨһ
㻹СԴƣܰô룬ȴ֪նҼΪʦ㲻ۿպ侽֮ءܵһη֣ŮССۣһ˲ӲĳתҪߣһ̣˶Եʵһأ
ʦ𣡡
ڵϣʿıӰ
֪ʦһºƢˣľܸġ
ŵͷԱߵꡣ
ŸˣƤѾɽ˵Ĳ԰ףɫѪýڣ塣
ϾҪȥˡ
һĺӣʵԣֶ£ƽΨһһ棬ֵͼ˵ļ̨ϣذ|ײǸϼ˾Ļ
ʱΪﱨΪֱΪԭô౻¾޹ձֵ˱̫ƽ룬ȥҪҲûϵ
֪ʦ۰ΪãиĿ
꣬뵽ѧñ˹۸뵽ħǰе׶뵽ħŴһϢ뵽޹ͱҳиϵѪģڵϡ
뵽һڽϣݸһǮһԲӵǶ͸ǸСá
룬һˣһˣĽ֡
޹ϲϲǾã;Ӧûȥ
ſȭͷ֮ǰ³ɫҩ裬һͷԥ̽
ܱϢȻһѪ
ɫ䣬͵תŮڵϣڻҧ󣬰ʺѪιߡ
ûһ̵ɫ
еİһ˲ըѣƴѹʱŤþܵһ˲Ȼŭȣ
Բ𡣡ˣȴûжɻĳֱʳ﻽ѵҰޣ̰ҧס۵΢һ£̧ͷźܣҲ£ʦʦ𡭡
ǡۿǣһǡҪȥ


кôá
ծҪģһַ·Ľֱ֪ôץסߡ
£ŭȥһѽק
¹ˣ۾ģҲģ۰ͰźܣСƵġ
Сųų
ԵӹơͷҰĸƳˡ
ܱĸۡ
㡪ָָⷢŮ
ҿˡ
ؿھƢٻһ㣬ܰڵϳ鼦ëӣ
Ͼһº͵ˣĸһСŮǴַŵСӣвôĵһһƵŮĴϣȻָԱߣվǶȥ
ͷһȥΪ˽ʦϢŭվվֱžહڵϡ
ܣ
ܻͻȻûôʢˣǲܲģպӸ޷ˣԱûת䴹޾̣һ䣬걻һ
ƴ˲串û¥
縲ĺԴݿ֮ײ壬ɲǼ䣬ӿѪ
ĹѪ⣬ÿһˢ˳ˢĵĽʯԺƴӹɵ֮ĥֲڵϴӵʣ·ȻԹѪȸԾʹľ
˵п߷ʶඥ׾ϴ衣
һٵģֻصһˡ
ڵϣͷһĻͻȻĨĨ۾
˰߹갳ǣĻԹ֮ΪأȻѸٸǣֲľ
ͻȻʼѪڵѪ
ܵţᣬֱһһڣѪڱ죬һ䣬һơ
һƺߣ³һڳѪ͵ۣâڣӥ֮ơ
һ
ĮȻ꣬ڵâ⣬۵׵Ĳϲ
̫ˣһ۾ܿʲôˡ
һºصĳߣ˵۹ӵ.ηƺǬȨ۷ĲƹܣĲϲ.桢ҰĲ
οˣŮ
Ƭ̣±ۣ»ָǸѱ̬
⽥ɢˣصϡ
æȥС̽̽޾̵ıϢ
ϢȻ΢ȴƽ͡ȶ
ڷ
ȥϣ̫ˣʦŲˡ
ʦԲϲҶ˵ʲôʲôܾȻ޾Ѿˡ
꣬ǻϲɬӸ˲ϵѪתͷȥشߵ̫ʦϣַأüչӣ֪ʲô
ĸһӽ˴롣
ʦ𡭡ϥйȥסڣʦû°ɡ
Ҳá֪Լòԣ޾̣ʦ𲻻ῴ˺ԼʦﺬᣬͷԲʦ𣬶Բ𡭡
̾˵ʲô
ͷᣬЩ̾ϢʦΨһĺӣֻ޲ܰժ㡣
ʦڹ㣬ʦ㡣
̧ͷ涿
Թ鰮ˡܣʦ˰
ͷԴʦϥͷСƵίֹԽʦ𡭡
ʯҲҪĳ
ܳ̾һŮķޣ˼ǧƣð죬
˾
л˵


34 
ڴ
ϵ
,һ˫ʪ۾
Ůڴأһͷ¶ʪС¹֪ѵȴ˶,ųݵˣ
޾̸оθʹ,·˵屻˺ַ,ľѪ⡢ҽ뺮,ײɱ,ȥȲһǿ塣
͵ʹ˿˵Ϊ,Ѿɱҡ
һ,˵ɱʲô
ɱ˺ܶˡ޾̴,̧֣԰ݵ֣·ѪӣҼǵ,ɱ,һ
֮ǰЩ⵭Ļ¸ǰܿҲֻ֣ܿ죬ֿ
һįԳĿԼ֡
ĺȻ͸ˡ
ͻȻһס֡
סˣתͷŮ߬ס֣ᶨؿ
Ե¾޹Ĳǹն㲻,ɱ,ڷ˺,ڱԼȻȻֶοЩ
Ҳû޿޵ĺˡ͵˵֪ĵкޣ־Լˣ˼ͼʹ죬Ҳɱ˵ģסѾȥˣͰ˰ɡ
ĬȻƬ̣
˵𣿡
۵΢ڼ
Ҫ㣬Ͳˡ촽ҡͷҲ㣬һֱ㡣
ŴЦ
ЦˣҲ¶Ц
˶ţڱָᶯһ£壬Ҫһӵ
ȣ
͵һ飬æɿ֣ȥ

ʦ𡭡ѹСС˵ʦ㣬ʵƽʱƢܺõģ
޷Զ޾̿һJŵط߹
˵ǳߣĿǸ忡̬꣬ü󣬿ƽձȻǸˣ˿΢΢ԳŭĳȣֻϢסҶһ
޾̵һμλ˵еشϣҲǵһθͳµأźƺȣǹΪ峤ĸײһλаҵħ֮֮һȣԼҲʧ֮Ӻݡ
ǲ״ʦ
޾̿ղһİοŮͻȻͱɼè̺ӣһ¹ɼˣͷҲصܹȥܵ䣬ëСʦ𡭡
ܵһۣ˰Ͱ͵صͷ
ȻƽʱϷߣʦСµġ
ȳȥܵ˵лҪ˵
һ̧ͷƳϵ꣬飺ʦء
ܵ˵Ȼˣˣ㻹ʲô

˵òҷɰͰ͡Ŷһֳ˳޾̣Ųȥ
ܶᶯ˶ɫÿ
ǿ˳Ůģ쾭ĵ
Ůʵ
תڴ̫ʦ£䴹ڣĿңңŴ齣һʱ
Ҫ޾Ҳ֪Լʲô
Ӳ壬ƿ´ϵľʹŽŻᶨߵ̫ʦǰ˫ϥ¡
ǧǰħ绹ûǬ磬ħѪѪǿᣬΪǿħ类ǬѪ̾һ񣬱壬ЩУȻҲļ塣
ڣ˵ı׳ص¡
ˮ㣬ΪǬ糤ε̫ƽⲻЩ£ǧ꣬ͷˣҲͲ֪ˡĿ⵭ϣ嫺ƺƸѹ޾ͷѹõ£޽ǲܿƵһ㺹ˮ
˵йħδģһ˹Ѿħǡ
ұ㡣ܳ˵ѪѪ˹ֻħǣ˹ƶԼ˵˵һħˣ
ѹ͵ѹȻһ
죬̧ͷ
ϣɫްֻңȫ͵侲ݡ
߼ȻѡңѾȷ˴𰸡޾˵ӣǬӵܣһˡ
ǺҪĻش𣬵ǺҪ̬ȡ
΢΢ü꣬ͬͷʾǫ
Ͼ̫ᣬų͵̣ܻ̫Ҳ̫ˣܿ۵׷ǺһͷҪ׻ڸǿĳǰݵطףҲֻһʱݷ۾ЮҰϵ
üͷšɫ
ܵȻҰĲˣܱԿݵ̬ȣԸԼĵһҰ֮ͽ
δҲǸ֮ˣѡܱЩͬϰĺ˪ݡ
Ǻϲ˪ݵģ⺢ӳֱԴƣЩľګԴǣһɵĵͳ˼룬кӳĬԲʲôëԳܵΣܱЩỨǻӵǿǧٱ
ǺԸһӣӴˣǺ볢˼鰮ζʱʦԳôС÷Ʒֶ˷ٺʲ
һжˣ˭벻һɽͻȻðһ޾̡
ܴۿŹ׵ͷ·ѱ޾̡
⺢ӣ壬ħѪ̵ļ벻µҰġ
аŷ졣
ô˵ɣʦûȫˣԺܽ͹ԹԹ󣬻ǲ̫ʵ͵
κκֱ˽磬䶼ҪҲ˵ʲôסһߵŷ죬ɴӹ͸ϸ죬޾̹˵ϡ
һŸܹˣô´ϣô
Ŭŷϸ򣬾ͻȻеһļ¡
з·ѹһɽɽĺƴйһ߽ɱ
ָ
붼ײţײײˤС
ʦ𣡡
޾̸֪ɱ⡣
кܶɱԺͬӵܡҳи֮λħڳʱ״ƺЦ˵Ҫһ֮·ʱ۵ײŵģҲбɱ⡣
δƴɱ⣬ɽͺظѹϣĹͷ۶ϣʶԷҪһֻ֣һͷͻɢ
ȻԻ۾λߣҲ㹻ԶɱΥǴҲϧҪն󻼡
Ҫˡ
޾롣
ѪһŮ̽
ʦʦ𣡡
޾̿ŮײײײźֱŵڵϣҲɴϥһеǰŲѸŲߣԼǰһЩסΡ

ôһ̣޾Ҳ֪Լʲô
˶٣תͷ
Ĳ̧ͷźܣ˿δעעӡ
гصѹɲ̣漴ɢȥ
ܿɫѿֵ˸۾֪жѿ
⡢
ȫһ¡
ⲻǿţûʦôı顣
˵һּԼᰤĭ¶ɵı飬飺ʦҡҿ˵̫ˡңҵȲһײˡ
ŻĺʱŶ
ǸºƢС˵ˣһ̣ð
ָŵ棺ûչ㣬ʵ
죬ﻹеˡ
ʦͲɱ޾ˡ
һ
ղȷʵֶɱ޾̣겢࣬ڲϣɴɱˣһ˰ˣɱ߱رٱɣҲӲһηηŵˣǳ췣ΣѾùˣôϧ
䲻ôݣһǬİ̫ƽΪأҲҪô
ĳ̫Ҳ̫
ͷۣеɿŮ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ⣬Щ
ΪģתຮĿµʹͷ޾ϣȴһ£˼˭ֵģ
֧𣺡ǸֵģǸǱӣ
ס죡һû㡣
ͻ˵ʲôһֱӷסĿ࣬Ȼ޾̣˵
޾̧ͷЦһ¡
µġ
޾̲ŮٿȻɴ۾ƽ˵ûйƣ˹ƣȻӲĸι¡
л˵
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35 
еѹܰ顣
Ҳ
,һ㣬򾲶ؼ˵ҲԸһʹ,Ҫߣһ,ҲԸڶ˳ĸƴӴ˲,ɱ,Ȼĸơ
,ȷӦס˵,ֻܲϷء
˵,û֮ǰ뺬,ʦģʦˣһɱô죿
ԼԵ,ҩ³,ԼԸԽȥģ
Ѿˡ
ܲȻŭ
ʵİɻңϥµĵذѣһ˲ڵϣȫͷѹз֨֨
أ
ʶȴԼֺܿҡͷؿܡ
ΪƵ˭
ܷվɽķŭȻк£ŭȣصĵմǱĵӣ˭ı,Ҷ˼
û˭,Լ,졣Ѫˮӱѵ˿ʳ괽ʺ죬ȴҧŴЦǰĵӣ·ϣԱ󡣡
Ҳڡ˵ٸһᣬٸʮλᣬҲôĽһҪһֻԸҵˡ

ˣˡ
ֻһͷ
ֱǷˡ
ܻ˴뱲ӣδ㣲ָ̫ɭӰΣּ̧Ҫⲻ֪ηۣϸȴ͵˵ϡ
أˮѾ쵽׿˶ٴΣҪ뱲ӵᶼˣֻ֪סʦȣͷʹذҡͷ
˵ʲôĻ˵óڣƫִˣħ㻹ϲ
ָ޾̣ŭȣ϶ٺжֱʵĺӣϲһӣʲôħô᲻
޷ش⡣
ǵģһˣҲͺĽˣĽʦĽʦ֡ʦεʦ㣬ϲһˣҲӦһֱеˡ
ϲĶ
ϲ޾̣ʼΪǻԵɺϵǣǶøУٺϧĹ¸䣬ٺϲһ׶һͬսѪˮ㺡
Ѿϲˣڷôƫִ㣣Լģϲ̲ס
ϲ
ָ˼һ˲ӭźܵĿ⣬صصͷ
ܿᶨ۾һ̣ʵе
ӡ
Ŀϲܷβʱ˵Ե˭뵽ϲ˾أҲԸ
ˣˡ
СŮһĺӣģôá
ء
ʦʦ
ʦ
ܱ˱ۣһŮüģŮһͣٿȻȥ
ߵ޾üһǲԾȥץָ½ǣŮѾֻС˱
ֶʹüӰпֻ˻
̧ͷϺ϶ӵĿ⡣
곤JվŮӱ걧ڻȸӴĳ££ͷ޾̣޾ܸомĲǲ죬λºݵĳʹ
Ҳϲ㣬㣬ֲʼüһۻ˯۽ǹŮڻ̾һˣҳȫǵĻ¡
ԣϲɫԵúǳȡ
ܴһµ·ֻǸ忡Ĭ꣬ϸȴüý죬ü߱Ǳ簴ĳЩϵ˵һа㣵ķ̬
üø
ܿҰģвµȡҲ֮ǰɱʲôˣʲôɼ֮£ӽ𣬶һʹ
һϵպڹӺݣһʮݣʲô㣬ֻҪŵ㡣
˵ǰ뽲
һʿ캦Ϊ
ڶ㵱ڳҪǵãǳĸƼȳɣػΪΪأжģĺǣұػնɱ㣡
޾̧Ŀ⣬ûпܣȴŮ
ֻۣܿ˯İŲգĴ꣬ᣬϤĺǻ֬ԭ֮һˡ
ڣĸơ
δˡ
꾲ܾãһ̣û֪ʲô
ð죬껺ݣͷֱˣǬ磬Ȼ캦Ϊ
ڵڶ괹ۣĸƳɣҴضɣʲôɽ˺ģŲĵĳŵ
ܼˣΪ곬͵е졣
̶һ꣬շǳ
ӣչ鲻ͬ
ˣ볯ĸǣȿΪһرݣгѹҷ޼ɵڣһȫķӡ
ɡ
Ӧǣϥվźܣֿ

ȴ·ҲûСδ޶˼һûϣ㶼عܣȥ֮Ⱥú˰ɡ
꿴ֻܴۣǡ
ܵͷŻԵˡ
ȻվıӰþõġ
ߡ
룬
һ仰Ծһ仰Ծˣһ仰˵ͿȻδޡ
ۣĿӰУһ˲䣬ԵɭĮܡ
ֱŽ
޾̣Щؽ֣εúͼصվ⣬Ҳش
֮ǰŸ֪ôһ޾̵ˣҲҪ֪չӥ񣬲ʪһֻССϡ
һٲͬˡ
ʦҵȥ࿴ȫɷĩӣǼ·ԼŵһѪζտյһѪҲֻֻ£飬պ϶̵Ѫ˿ڡ
üȴûʲôȷǰϣʵڿ𣿡
޾̧ͷɫѾָƽյ
û¡ᵭ˵߰ɡ
л˵
֮ǰҹռϷ磬Ļϲ·
濪ʼŤת
ʼݴֱСɰĻŪöľϡﻩɾһͿ
ǱӦ


36 
˻һΡ
ܶѪ,Ѫȱʬҵڵϣݵ괹վһʬм,ִ࣬Ѫ޳ָεδȥ
̧ͷ,ЦһЦ,Ȼ֡
֪ôķ·ܿƵ߹ȥ,,ָ⣬ȴֱӷֽס,ҪŤ,ϵѪˮε,ɾȾɺһѪۣȻЦһ,
ûüش
ٿȻ޴Ѫ,һͷµĹȻû

һ´Ӵ۾ʧҵغ
ʦá
ʧҰ£εʦ㾪ȵǵӡ
ʦ㡭
εһ㿴ŮڴϣɫãȻͷһ㺹ˮ
εæѶʳ̷һԣ,Ϊúˮ,ʣôˣˣ
,־ڻع顣
֪ԼجΣ֪ԼΪɶجΣСʱЩƼļ̫ˣʵܲϲѪϲţ޾ɱ˵ĳ棬ʵе
޾̣һʿǲܲɱ˵ģ޾ΪԼ̵˱ƼҲҪһйҲ
˻ԴѹԹʦʦ㣬û¡
ε̲סЦʵУɽ׵ʦöѧǿҪԼչԼСʦͬʦ̫ˣȻصСһֲõĽ
εϸ¸˲ִʳ˳һ룬򿪸ӣһɷ˵Ȼѩ׵׷ʵˣ̵ĲģȻǽ۵ĺ⡣
ʱʼˮ
Էɡεðѷݸ̲סЦʦӦ̫Լȥ磬֮ǰص뷹˵ʲôʱøԡ
һ֪ʦ³ķˣϡﻩλ쳭ҪԣͻȻʲôʦ㣬˯˶ѽ
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37 
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ԵΪϼѣΪľˮϵǱĵרκһϵȴӵɹظӦʡ
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޾̿Ƿ˿һˮӽ˼ССˮ顣
滹ֻ꣬һɡ˵ʱҲҽųܣССĴ̽ͷСɫ

޾ĵ׵룬ΪʲôûƢǸ߹صմ֮𣬿ȫЩֻƽȵˣ鰮ͻӦȫŬػΣԶԸáСҪ
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ĻݣֻܿѪ۴ǰȾīˮ

Ͽ˵һֻ֣˵
л˵


41 
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׼ͼذˣͷ



42 
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һ޷ݵض΢ĸо
ܾ֮ǰ޾еһϲżˣʲôۡ
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ڣģģо֮䣬ʲôˡ
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һ죬ԴС󣺡ûûС
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׷ŵ룬࿴ʳЩҪ̫˼Ϊʿ㻹ǵר
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վһʯ̵ĵܣþãŵͷֻݱСС˺һŴ
л˵
ʵϲֺ

ʱ˵ʱ
ʱ



43 
һ,ǹ갵Ľǽڡ
֮أϹǬһΰټҷ.Ѹݵķ,һֻ̾һ̵ĳǳءɢƬݸʸڴҵʱȥ,ʱʼԹΪ,,֮ƽ,ʢｮ,ֱ,ӵӺȨӺյĴϡ
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ڻʦֺεʦӦһһѵı͡
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ӪҵԵòһ㺦ߵ΢Ц,ЦҪ
͵͵޾Ǳ߳޾̱峤ڽӼͣüһǱ˱߻ֵ࣬Ϣĳ̶ȡ
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ϵ峤һΪأڣϵȻѾδԶش档
ţ峤ϵŭɫʧˣתһ⡣
Сﵥ棬Ǹˡ峤˵㣬δҲػᶦ㣬ǲ״ΨһİͽԵصúã״֮ƣһ¥

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Ա˴Цƣڶ־ƴʼ
峤һٿ˼ĶӣƱ»Ϻ飬ЦǺǻؾȥ
޾̴׺ȹһھƣ΢΢βľˮɭȻݷɱ⡣


ֹ룬ƺȡ
߸߹еʱѾԾԾ׼ˡ
һֱĹע޾ǱߣԼʱ䵽ˣ޾ƿƱվ峤˵ʲôȥ
ѽ٣
ҲһԻε˵ʦʦ㣬ҳȥ͸͸
Ȼε˵ѾŤͷߵˡ
߳ϯƱЦȥջľһ·ǰСܣջͷĲڣһͣŵС
վڴͷ忡
ܵڣͣûͣǰһ޾ſֱۣðӵ
ӵ˵лл
޾ȱСèƵĲգֱջ֣óһ֧ǡ
Ц۾ĵؽӹҧڣһûҧҲԡ
޾̲ʳǵͷҧһڣǱҧģҧӡҧġ
һ£˽ӡͻȻĺ̲סЦСβͲ䵽ߡ
һڴͷЬѵѽݽĺˮԴ޾̵ļͷ߾ǳԡ
߸ߵ̨ϺȻһ̻ȻǴ˷̻𣬽յ硣
ӾͷͻȻƮյƣܶʱҵĻȿֺΧڰȡƣΧĴСҲȴӭȥͷ
갽ǽڣһ̵ĻԽ࣬һͻְ³ɡ
갸վһ٣Ըǿҵӭⳡʢգ˷˳ĥѡ
ˣˣҲ̣
޾̴óСǸţ˳忪ʼ̻ơ
̳һյļ黰̣СΧһСȦ̸ɾˡ
޾˵ǰ濪Ǳкܶࡣ
ȴҡͷ˵ѾĻ̰ɣһ
껨ƣ÷ԼĻˣǬȡԼۺõĻƣʮյһƵģȻſڴͷÿһյд֡
ǽڷŻƣдҪѵ֣ںˮУԸƽ˳
޾̿ţһһдĸЩߵ֣Ȼдˣ
ʦ𣬺ʦ֣ţʦ֣εʦ㡭޾̡
д꣬ѱʺͺüյհ׵ĻƸҲдһš
дסʻ˵ңҪдÿһ㣡

޾̳Ĭһ׽ӹдϡ
дĺܺÿд꣬Ա߻һ֧ǡ
ϲͶұԱҲ˶Сġ
ǰѻŽˮŻƮԶ
Դͷ㿴һĻ
޾ҲƮԶĻƣССĪʵİС
޾ë޵ͷͻȻ˵ϲ𡣡
һ£ͷȻϲ
޾֪ϲǶôֿ
ΨһһΪ˸ĸ׳ɵض峤䲻˦ɫˡ
ҲϲܶˣźܣҲǸ֪ʲôġʦ֡
һдʮյƵС
޾ͷ
һ졭֪ƭ㣬㻹᲻ȳֿϲҡ
ʲô̻̫סƵɻʣһʲô
޾̲ʳˡ
Ѿ˴𰸣Ǹ̫ɵˣԸȥսκηա
Ѿ㹻ˣϲȳϣͱˡ
࣬ʱ⽥񣬲ټա
룬һ죬ˡ⻻һ⣬Ц£᲻ҡ
㶣صҡͷ
ĵˣﲻһˣһߡ
ССʱ򣬾ӡĵ׵Ĺ빲ֿȵĸ顣
ָ飬ҲͬԸΪһΪ֮㾡ȫˡ
Ҳġ˵ֻҪ㻹һֵϲˡֻҪһϲ㣬ҾԶ㡣
ʿôֻϲһˡ
ˣʦ𡢻кܶصѣôҶģŲɱĹһӡ
Ųһġ
Ϊһ죬Ҫɱһᵲǰ棻
Ϊһ죬ˣҲԸԼȥ
л˵
ʱ



44 
޾ЦЦ,û˵ʲôֻ
̫ţҲ̫⡣
⿴
ױ䡣˵,һˣҲǵ,ֻҪʱ,ӦоС
ʲôˮ,ֻҪ쳤ؾ,Ҫǡɣ,ߺﲻеڶ˵Ĵڡ
,е֡
޾,ףʹۣͷȥ
о촽Ĵ꺬ס,촽ĳ䶯ֲ,ſ.ʪİǿӲذ̽ȥ֪޾ݽһƬ
κ֪ôԺ۾ɻӦǡ
ɫϣˮ໥ĳУøʸоԽԽ̣ǿϢ͸·,˰Χ,ڵ޾̵ֲܿƵطʱ,ʶɪһ¡
޾̵͵͵ش֪ԼӦɿ֣ʿɶֹŵһ屾.ȫ־û֣͵ҧסǣ˰벽
ƽµƤ˺ѣĲп˻ȫ.˳
Լ֪ʲôȻе˵ĺ£ǿӲӶź㱿Ѫ˿ͫ΢΢ۣβ죬һַֽԵ.
һֻ
֪ΪʲôͻȻͷ
Ϣ٣̲סСƵʣʼ
޾ߵѾȫȻԣ׷ʶȥץ֣һ̣Ȼо
޾־Ȼһ塣
ڱſ࣬ͷת򣬴ڴڴоױȵưסͷպ۾ȫݽŰƵϸС
޾̧ͷԴ죬ȴɭҹɫްľͷ˫ɺŽʺɱͫ
ռ裬޲ܵСӣ
СӰȻվ츻󣬻иδޱƭšⳤ
Ժ·о޾ͻȻĺ⣬ûعԼƵģ¶ʣôˡ
ûʲô޾̺ܿϢɾɫ»ָյ嵭ɿһֱѹԵ֣ŰŮӻųǱдУȥһߡ
Ŷ¾ͱ§ţԶĴС
νУǺԴгСβջϷ찶ߵ̯λҲʽĳԵģԱ߻Χž׵ĻͱݵĴּ̨ˡ
һ˶࣬˾񣻲״ţʱֻʦͺʦˣǰʣɽǿЩֻڵĵط˷ڲͬдֳֺȣֲֻã޾̰¿⴮ιԡ
ò׼ֻ꣬צſŴҬ֭һ㡣
޾ӵиɾǩ˲֣
ܵԱߣͷȻоͷбŲ.ʲô
ȡ
һ֧ӡ
Ǹո𡣡˵лл
ֵġ
޾û˵ʲôֻš
ۿŮ˵Цָ󣬺ص¡
ΧĽ⣬˴Ӱиߡ
ţһҵӣܹȥ̽ԴһɫңǸ÷հ֪꣬ôէһ㣬ϸе͵ޡ
Īζʺ޾̣ͷ޾̣ͼ޾Χվ˼
ôˣ
ûʲô¡޾˵ϯʼо׽һȥ
һæ˵ȥɣʱӦ¶¶档
޾΢΢ף˵ҵ㼸˸㣬ȥȥͻ
ԹԵͷ
޾̿˿ҹɫסĿ⣬ḧһͷ͵תˡ
޾̱ӰԶȥ룬ܻǼӣҵҪһ°ɫ񲼺ߣҸС£ʼҡ
Ҳûɴַһ͸ɡ
뿪Уе󽥽ȥ
ңңĺ룬̨ȻһֵĽкһӯϸӰ̨ͤվʰƮȻϣտĹΣ޾˷
ϯϱоңһβա
޾ֻȥһۣջߣǵ°ɡ
Щ޾ҳϵưͣǳĬ£ӰûڰС
޾߹ƫԶĴ룬ûеƻҹɫϵһ̣һ޴Ĺצ˺
޾ɫޱ仯ڳײ
ǿ㷢ġյķ޳УԶϢͣ޾̵˵㲻ѣҿȥһ˵
޾̣
Ŀѣ޴Ļȫư۶ϵĹǴ̣ŭУ֪ʲôˣˣҵˣߺ̰ǶˣǶˣ
޾΢΢ۡ
ܣ𣬹ˡ
ǻΣ֮ɽǵСջɺҵˣҵǣȫɱˣֻһԶԶƼϿ˻
֮㣬Ƕˡڿ־Թ޶ʼ֮¼񲣬УҿϽҿϽ
žտĽУֻĽǼ񣬸ĳ˵Ĳ
ΪҪ
ضº˵ˣЩԶɽĴ״նʲôϵ
յļȻֹ
˵ʲô
ſ޾̣ƲǵĹϵ뱳ħ£
޾̣ҡ
շ𣺡˭Ϊħǿ˭ָ·һļֱڵ㾹뱳ѱ£塪
޾Ц˵ħΪħǣһħѹԼ뷨ħ֮״Ŀѱնɱڽ£·λεѪΪصմ٣ΪȻã㵱ĵϯΪģҲ𡣡
˵ǬشﲩǿǸýУ¡º˵ǲԸҵĻȻ޳Ű갣ȻҲ뵽պ˷ټʬ޴³

շ𣺡޾̣
ܰǣΪѹ͵ٱ򱶳
ңҲû㣡ȻûΪεãҲΪģպ𣺡СδޣǸܵıӣǰ㲻ǰĸ𣡣

޾ɫȻѵĺɱ⡣
ٿȻУЩ˭˵˭͸
޾Ŀ⿴ǰգ΢΢һ
֨
ƾɵľ屻סڼžҹɫȴȻ
޾嵭ûаţתͷѾָͣҪƽ˳µضȥߵ
һ˫ۡ

վڲԶ
ҹɫϣվ۾ӳųν¹⡣

Ȼһһ㣬ģģˮۿ


45 
ͷҡ
ֺ,ʲôջرã廨СʱְֽģЩҲû,շԽԽˡ
СܿҵĴ״,ɻ,ȻΧȻҵľ
̧ͷ,ңԶеθ̨,һϸӰȻ裬ȹɵ,տ
һ,漴۾
εʦ㣡
Ǻ,Ʈκ˷ҹεİǷ׷ױջΧ۳ɳ.,ͷ,޶𺳵һĻ
ǶôһĻ
ɶ裬ӡ
Сקŵ˷ܴ󺰣Ů㣡Ů㣡
˳ճ૵̨Ůӡ
˵ĳޣ̲סеɵС⡣
ǬÿбвŻŮӣεʦҲжܴһϸĹÿʦϰεʦ㣬ҲʲôʲôΪӭٹεʦ㣡
סԼңңεʦȻӰǾ־ҲһССĽ
һŮܻеС˼
˭ϲ,Զݸšεʦ,߸߹ϵ,ⱲҲ䲻ɵˡ
þţĽ
ʧ䡣
Сʱĸ𾭣˵һӵĸжġ
ѾˣһеĿˣʲôıˣֻϣһӶԶزôǵСӣʦʦֽʦãϲˡ붼ð
˻εʦĽ裬µͷԼңֱѸɻ궼ãҷϿڣûȵ޾̻
ȡ
е֣ôûû
ѵϯϱסˣ
룬Ҳԣ޾̱ϾϵλûôϹأĴ磬ȷʵӦö¶¶棬ҲҪʶʶˡ졣
ţ˼Ҫȥˣ᲻޾̣˼ҳ棬ǲܵ°
վ͵ҽʣ׼ߣǼµҪΪ·æֹǲҪô󶯾Լ߾С
ȺţҹɫΣ˾ܶЦܶ໶ЦĵƻɳӣӳںߡУ̻˼ҵƻ
ϲеҸְ̩
̧Դ֣š
Ȼ
ͻȻԺͻȻһ
ѵ֪Ǹһֱ𣿡
ĽŲͣס
ʲô
㲻һֱлɡţֲȥ˼
ǲңǲԸ⡭
ʲôɣʲô
ʲôԸ⣿
Ӵ˵ڤӵı˰ŵͶƵ
ΪʲôԸ⣬Ϊʲôȥһࡣ
ɣɡ
ҪǣĿġ
ԽԽ󣬴ĻŮԺ
峺񽥽ã磬񱻽ĳֻС
Ƕȥ
Ƕȥ
ϢȺУŮһ齸ʯ̵վ
˴
Ȼ󣬺
վŵŮͻȻתһȥ
һ㶣ʶ׷ȥȴ𾪷ǾȻ׷ϣŮܵԽԽ죬ԶΪٶȣԶԶ˦
ٷˣ
ҪȥĶٷˡ
֪Լʲô·ԼıܣŲȥһ
ƾɵĴ룬ûڸĺڰ޵ķĺƴ־Ϣڡ
лӲʵƺԼεʦ֣ʦ֣УԼ֡
ĽŲڴ뱻ưܿѵľ塣
һ̣һ̶
ûεãҲģ
ҿû㣡
ţСδޣܵĵӣôãҲʲô𣡣


ǼһĴ̵ҹɫҲ˲̿Ů־
񱻺ݺײһȭôһ˲䣬ãȻûʶʲô
Ȼɾתͷĺ۾
кܴᵭɱ⡣
Ǵᵭɱһ˲佩Ӳ
Ӳ˶Ӳס
廪Ī⡢Ӳ¶ǳˣһ˲ȻͫףĿӲ
ûӣеЦġ
Ƥ΢֮ǰȵĶȴȻӡ
̧һ£ָȫʪˮ
ѽ
ѽ
⡭޾ͣͰؿ˭ܸϸؿῴ촽ں΢ط
˻ƣ
Ҳ̲סתͷܡ
ҹɫĻ¹ĵƻЦС
ŴȺ·ףܱӲ۾ǲˮʪӣ
ԭҲʲôѽ
룬ԭҲʲôѽεʦ㣬ʲôѽ
̲סЦ
ֿЦȺܵջߣȥֵļҹɫϣź棬浹ӳģȻڵء
õҹȥޱ߱ŵڵϡ
ʪȹڣʪŵأֵ̧֣ࡣ
ء
ء
̲סѷ˺ĵغޣ
갡꣡
ơԼĭɺ̲סڼʱ⡪
ԭһʼһʼ
Ǹġѽ


46 
ֱҪˡ
ңӵӰһ,˹ָһĻŭ𣺡ʲôˣô޳϶ʲôˡ
Ůڵ,˻ߵؿޣ޵ôί,޵ȫ,Ŵ󴮵˳ź׵ۿ,˿Ŀ,Ҫһ
ﲻζˡ
ͰʱǸʮСѾͷ,Ӱ,˵ǿ,û޳
÷Ȼң̹ǵĺɱ⣬ǴϹŻ,Ӳʲôȱĳ,ݺңײȥңӻǸˣ˵Ҫײͷѡ
ȻңѾǸˣֱӴңϴȥңҲŭЦֱ֣Ӱѳץĸֱħ᲻أҵͦã޳й,йԸͻ,Ѿһ¡
ǡǡ෴,Щһ᲻ġ˵ˣһӶķӡ
鱻ץǿתߣͿһţ˰ڵϡ
ס޾
ʲôģ
˵ʵû޳û޾ֱ顣
һֱĻпᣬųȫ޷Ѫ󣬺һָͷ治
޾һǣǸӣҲͺܻʱѹסںܲݷѾδʲô컯˭Ҳ˵ãһֱߴúԼһϳϵ
У˹ͷ­ʹַϥϣ߬Ѫˮķȴоһڻ߬ѹʲôȱѿµ
ôˣ𾪣ˣ
ңҲһֱ޾̣ϹЦ˵ʹ᲻ڣ˵ڡ
ˡңӴЦǧڡ
Լѡ񣬾ǹ̵ĿҲúѪȥȻǰߡ
򣬷
гһպˣعͷƽ
ʱħָô
ɾʹͷ­һվغеͫĿ̧ңӡ
żһ˲ѣ
֮ңٿȻʡ
ɲѹֵ¡ֱ£һ˲˺һС
֮֮־ңૣĿ򰢳еĺ˪ݡεáε̡ࡢԽ
ﻹһĳģЩȴˡ˵ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ʮľţһʱĩգ⣬ʱ˵ء
𽥻㱵ͻȻ裺ңӣңӣôˣ

⻹ңйˣ˵ҪĴ̼మޡĲݡľ
ңӣŭȣַʲô裿
ңͻȻ侲
Ϲһ飬Ǽµּµķ񲡣
顣˵Ҫһ¡
֪ģҪһѾȴ˼ʮ£

޾վ
þǰѣССĹΧ˺ѣ˳Ϊ̿һ·
ӲվܾãŻǰߡ
·ǰߣӰȥ¶ŮӰ
ڵϣֱϣϸϸļͷ޵òͷɢң˰ֱŵ
̧ͷһŹ۵׵ۿǼüܿѪ˿
޵滨ꡢİ飬Ŀ޾ֻǿޣ˺ѷεؿޣǳҭʵĿޣҲһֻ͸ëСޣܾί
޾̡εʦǲǣʼεʦǲǡ
ʱͲϲҡ޵εʦûֻˣû취ˣ˶ѡңװϲңװöҺãϲ㣬Ϊã߸˽Լ
ôʲôƭҡ̲סڵϿʣôƭңôƭҡ
֪ԼûϢԼ̲ס̫ѹˣ̫ѹˣڵϣȫƲס޵

޾վڲԶη·Ӳһʯͷ
κʶ˴˿̿ģԼƽǸӺʹݵ
޾̽վһ޵ôġ
ūeþħΪʳ߲ĹӰ總̰֮ſϣ־̼İޣ߶ʹˮгڻɻþϡ
̧߹ȥ
붼ûһĿ֣ŭ߿
ң޺Զ㣡Զ㣡
Ҳ뿴㡭ʣǴҲһñƭ
Լá
Զ㣬㣬Զòá
ҺúÿһɡڵϣʣңԼúÿһвС


㿴еʱ򣬲ֻеĲŽ˿ڣҲֻп޵˻ʹѪ
޾û˵մĪͻȻһưͣû߿߹ȥǿӲȥ
һҧϣ˲ҧƤʺѪ
޾ûзӦ֮ǰ°ͣµŻȴʲôҲáʲôҲ˵ˡ
ҧһְֻ
Ҫˡ
㵽Ҫؿޣ㵽׻ҪôѾûˣΪʲôԸŹҡ
ҷŹʲô
޾̲ڣ˵ҷˣҷŹʲô
ʲôˣƭӣһʼǼٵģصҲˣҲˣǻȥͽԼҲ뿴ˡ
һ޷ݵı˲޾ӡ
һ̶мͷƢˣһĺɱˣңǧУе˶ɱɾãʬѪ
ԼЦܷ˵ˣ˵ò㡣
ңңɱҡͷӣһһ˵ֻҪһջţֻҪһŹ㣬͵޾̵ķˣⱲӾûеڶֿܡ
һҧҪҧ
޾̼ϢҲҧˣֱϽ˽ŭʱˤȥ
δ֣ᶼˣ޾ҧײӳɻ
ʱڶŲﵹڸɶ
ݺ޶޾̵ͷŤͷȥȿɴ۾ԽȻǺĻڵӣööˣվԾĸ鿴

ŵ˸á
л˵


47 
һС,һͨС壬ǰͣؿɽ,أ֮塿,ھȻת֮,һǧ,ʯ,Ų£ͽ,ϰ,ֱ
ʱڼ,ĸױغΪŵĴ,ҲʦȰ,Ϊͽʯ֮ʢ£ǰν˳̹;
ºݷħ֮Уܾĭ֪ԼΪΪɱħ𣬾ޱ֮⣻ᶨ´󹫵֮£ڼʹ׶Ļþ,Ҳû̫ħ
ڻþ,þ֪ΪͻȻ,һƬѣ֮⣬ԭɢڸ˴˵ڶɽŵҲյһ𣬻ԽͼصӣڵԬȡ
εúصӣ뾡ܶˣһǰУţ˵
ۿףͷɢıǹ˳߬СɫĲֱƤ
࿿ʱתͷһꪴ̹ü߬סѵ㣡
һ𣬷˫Ŀ
ֱףֿ߬סƣ촽֪Ϊһ˲ʹֺܿƲ˵ˣɿ
кص̲סʦǰ㣬ôһлûСʶѿڶġʦ֡ѱسϽ̽
΢Ĺ䣬ɿ֣һԲջС
Խߵ˭Ʋϵĸ߰ӣಢ޼ƽϵ˼һű۰ǰߡ
ԣһȺ˳ĬǰߣûþͿ޾̺Ͱ
ԶԶ˱վﱧŮŮϿץͷץȫɢббץߴű޾̣ɥĵ˵
Ԭ
˴ģǲǿʲôÿĶ
Խﳤ͡
࿴ȥˣüʦã
˴ŤͷͶ˸ӵ

áááü
ѹ˿ңŤͷ޾̣϶ǱץײҧѪңͷɢޱһ˫غ俴
ۣӣһצӺϣ
޾̣
޾ֻ̿ˣܿ˰צӣְ
²ڵϣ̧Ӳ˲¡
ղ˵Ļʵ֪޾̵ĻԼҪܽͽˣħǾеʱ޾̵ĻԼѲ˵£šħ֮΢ϵƽ⣬ܲ˰ѻԼͼʹ죬
Ҽҳ󻹲أҲеģԸ˶֪ԼǱ޾ƵġƭģɵӣԸԼסҧ̡
ԼϵۣҲ޾ֱ̣ȥҵ޻𣿡
͸˵޾ĮȻվں棬ժбҵķڵϡ
īĳɢӵ˺𽥵ʧ±ĮûһŮҲȥ
˻ڸղŵĻУȻħǧٹ֣ҶǱ濴˼Сδ̫˸Щ
ɫЩӣƢõԬһȿ˵ûأھþ֪ôģþһ˲ȫʧˣ𽥾һȴһֱûҼ޻ݵټ
࿴԰ôͥھ޾̴ıкô˿ţҲΣҲѵ
̲סֿ˿߹ɫ䵭ȴһûбδ޵ڱ߳ܺͷŭ޾̣Ǹӣ
С˽.£˶û˵ʲôҲֻ۱ֻۡ
ȻûˣͿߡ˵йΣ浱ȼ٣ʲôģò޻ݣôȥɴȫ˵ţתʹ뿪
޾Ρָ飬΢̧ۿǰ氢ıӰ
ȴûһĨĨʲôҲû˵͸ȥˡ
һ£ҲϽˡ
ţûһһˣгڡڡȴڣΪ׵ıǺ˪ݺɼˡ
ʦ֣
ѣѣ
һϣȻˣ˪΢棬Ϳ򰢳һ۾Ϳۿ
˪һüͷҪȥ˾󺰣εʦ
ѭȥֻһҡҡ׹ĹӰ̮ĽŮһ˶š
εϾǻʹ࣬޽Ƿ亹ǸòķƵĿ꣬Ȼĵܵε̡
ʦã
ɫ䣬ֱӳȥ̫֮ǿûܳ忪
죬æ
æϹȥæ˪ݿһۣҲֻȹȥæ
ʦֿ֣ʼðίݣðһ룬εʦ㣬Ͻ۾ܹȥ
εʦͶɫްεڶţɫ쳣ڻþнħͺ˪ݼڹ磬Ȼûơ
޾һֱû˵ʱεúε¼Ҫ¶ģɫ΢΢ˡ
Խʱ¶Ѫͳ
֮ǰȻ˳ȥһ֣ڡ
о޾̲ɫһ¡
һ
ʱ⸱Ӹ˭
ѾƭˣһʼƭˣѾʲô֪װö飬ʲô˼ء
ûƣƵЦӣ˵ȥɣȥεʦȳ
޾ûж
߬ȭͷһȭۣŭȥ
޾̣
޾һȥ
ˡ
˪סε̣ȥε
ʦãסֻð뱧̲סУãѹ
ԱۿţһЦ
С̣Բ𡣡εÿ˵Բǽûб㣬ǽȥˣû뵽ᷢ£챣ӣһ㣬һ͡
߿ޱεϥйȥſֱ뱧ס
ε̵ڵϣڴڴͷһ亹ɫ䣬һѻӿεõ֡
С̡ε۾

̬εЦɫ䵽εãʲôΣǲûüԼ
С̣εͫ¶ŵɫʲôڻʲô
ԭһֱô𣿡źһֱڻһֱн٣ڻ׽𣿡
ۿˮֱ׻ɵп̺ۣԱ˿ۣ̲ס˵ļûʲô£׽ܣеܵô˵ĵ
Խŭ͵վָε̱һûеģбͰѻ˵εʦԲ㣬ôԼ˵ֱĹΣ
ǡصС죺εʦû˵ôʲôõĲ׵ܵܣۡ
ε̲˵俴εãԳһǿҵļԹޣһƬĮ
ʲôҲ˵ƫͷȥ
á
뱧εãܵٿεβ̬ȣ¶ŭݡ
޾Աߵţһ㲻Ц⡣
εڿޣ̺ŭεĮЦ˪ĬȻòϣҲ֪˵ʲô
ʱеԵΡ
ʱܽ
󿴿ҿȥεʦʦ㡣
ʦáεʡ
ʦļ򣺡ǻþģҸղҲ޵úòء
תȥε֡
εͫһ
޾̴˲ѹƽɫ
ɡεûж͹ȥӣõ޻Ҫ£¶ţʱǿɲڧҪŽС
˵ţССסսľڣε̲
۵꿴Ŀݶߡ˦β͵ͷͽеСȮǡ
ʶȥץ֣һֻ־ͱԱĸ޳ס
εɭ̧ͷ޾̡
޾̵ӸʾλŮ߬
Ȼͱ˦
˦޾̵֣Լ·˲䣬ȻȥܱߺҶˣȥ޻ݡ
޾̣
εٿȻһЦ
εҲߣ޾ʱһ䣺֪һ죬޾̡
ǰԻϲ㣬װȥһ죬ܻῴĿʱ򡭡εЦˣΪᰮһ𡣡
޾վû˵
εЦмٿװģҪߡ
޾վͻȻµ־εһ
Ȼʰ͵߬
Ӱ壬һ˲䣬ǧ򽣣˺ѹᴩ
ε㻺ġ˻Ƶ
㲻˵˵Զ˵

оٿȻֲɱ⣬ɴ۾תͷ޾͵סε̵Ĳӣ
޾̣󾪣붼ûȥץַ֣ʲô裡
ָ޾̵ֱֱʯӲĹ¶ȴָ⴫ݹȥ¶ƺڻĵ޾̵ɿε̵ٿȻ䣬Ȱɿַֻ־߬ס֣ҧסľǿ
۾סѪͫ
ƴĹȻ
˷׷ȥӰڹ黯һȻεض֮˺Х֮һĻ
Ѫ֮޻֮ݡԬ󺰣޻ݣѪһɲǣữ޻ݣ
޻ݣ
޻ݾȻˣ
ãȻ֪룬ڽкб.Ƭɫȥ˹ȥҪµһѪʱ򣬾ʱĽкңӣӣ

ŵĴЦ쳹Ƭأ纣Х˲ˣ˵Ӱ
顪
ŭͫҪʲô޾̵ͷͻȻݺҧס촽ѪˮžʹһɲǣбףǱ塣
ġ
ҵȴ˼ʮ꣬ץסһ
ɫٿȻ˵ǣǡ
ܴˡ
˵ţſֱۣһͷβķӣЦ
ͬʱ˶Ц
ūeˮ¾޻ǣӳȥԤδ
ǣҪллǡ
ΪұˣһΣ


48 
εĸо
һ꾩Ĵ,紵̳ǽǵĻ֦ǵѿľʴǧ,żֻڷܱʳ
Сʮˡ
ŮǴЦΧΪǧ,Ц˵ȹЩС๫Ӱ,СĻҲÿʼˡ
ǵΨһŮ,ฮĴС㡣
ȵۼݱ,һ.ңʱ,,ӻĵ,ǵŮ۰,µ۵ǻ,ƽսҡѹķڹ񰲶򹦸߱Ϊٸ׸ٹãλ常ҲֱΪ뿤һҫԺա
Ů˵ýý㣬常Ů常ӣ常ϥ÷һ𳤴,ﳤȻȫǵĻ,ܷʹ,Ѳ߷Ҫæµµˣֻһְ¡
ýĻ°꣬͸ֵĻˡ
ǰСҪˡԱߵЦŹӵô֪꣬ø˳ʲôӡ
⻰һҶ̲סЦ
ó˭֪ľŹʱฮĳС㶨»Լ÷ʮһһ׵Сδ޳
ڷԴܻ΢سۣһЩҪ£ϸȥ룬ȴôҲ벻ڿյʲô£ߵŮ̸ʱͲˡ
˼صͷС˵ô죬ء
ΧŮǿ⸱ģЦ
ˣˡǧ˵С㳤ˣҪ޸ϲֻ˵ĺ÷ٹЩӣҪҸֵء
Ȼðһ˵ɬ
лУתͷȥֵӣȴһеŮι
һȹװϵ޵ŮӳŴһӣܹߺ߽еôȥҴ󲮰û涯ôˣкҲˣС
ߡе㲻Ըز䣺ŹҲˡ
ղһɲǲ֪Դĳ嶯ʧԺ˼һ±ǧϲգ
Ȼ΢常ҵߺߣû㣬֪϶ܶˣԴﲻ֪ʲôľͷ㡪
NࣇNࣣϰҶܹȥס֣һ鷿ܣߣ
ŮǣܹȺˮ鿣鷿Ļ԰ͣ£
ơָŻ԰ѹЦý㣡
̽Դ԰ýվһ𣬸ߴ궽ʹȹشŮӣŵĴӵ˵Ż
һֻõĵý㺬ߵͷѻںڵķ٣̧ͷһЦκ˶ܿ顣
Ӻӣ̲ס͵Ц
ýѽҡͷԣȻдĻء
ޡ˵øûƵģŹӶ㲻𣬼ֱ绹á
˵ţҲ̲סеᣬ˵㣬ŹҲ㣬ϣƫƫõ¶̯ͷˡ
ٺٺ١ĵ̽Žţ˵΢常Ҳ𡣡
ſֱ۰һܱסǶҸС
סһƤСʲô鲻飡
ûһ޶סܿ˵Զ־ͺˡ
𽥷غߣССһ˵϶
Цռ鷿
鷿֣ȥˣòڣ˴඼ڣ常棬żСһ۾Ϳſ׵ĺ磬߸˽е磡
Ǹڶ󽫾ٽϽǼľѣʹСϥѧСһ𳤴󣬸ûʲôӳ˵ȸڵ绹һ㡣
˪վܹȥӵ
˪ˣ֪˵ʲôƲ󱳣Ȼӻȡһ񣬵ݸ
أͨһСʹúܺÿ͸ϲΡ
˲ָۡļѣΨ˽ֻ
㼰ǵʱڴ̣ûüϻ͵˵˵Ļ¿ˣܺãҸùȸ¶ʱ
ָָж±ס磺磬лл㡣
˪Ĭ͡
Ҵкλϣ󿴿ҿûһ뿴ˡ
̣ûסԱߵСõܣŹû
ˣСõ˵ֻһʲô£ˡ
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̧ͷһ˵ļλûע⵽ԼڵϵƨŤŤϯλ˳Ťͷܡ
ûǰܣֱȥš
ƽûʲô˳룬ԶûǰһСӣܵ⣬ƥǻ
һȫ׵ŮΪ׵ĺѪϣŴϿմűһѾ֪˶ã˳ס뿪ˡ
ͣ²ӡ
֪Ǹ㣬ǵ˼ҵŮӣ˼ǺպսţִƾǽλŮӸŮкܣոǿܴͨǰսоЩɳǱǡѲʾ˺оΧƿڣ˴ġ
֮ÿһ꣬ؾܻһۣӲӽҲκˣֻһ¶뿪
ѲҲ˵ˣ͹һ
ңԶȥϵ°ֱͦıӰ¸ýĻ£΢΢̾һ
Ϻѹ£ϲһ˵ʱһǸ˵Ѿһϧˡ
̾ʲô
Цб𣬳һŤͷſԶͣżһֻ¶ӣغķ뵿Ц⡣
۾һ
˹ȥһ˽Ÿ磡
л˵
˫o(RvQ)o


49 
δǾŹ,ǵʥϵĵܵܣȵ۵ĵھӡ
СʱͶ£ʱŹӻǾŹ,ֻǸʮ꣬ǻʹûֵĻ֮һ,һμ,;׿,ϲ,ϥǸߵСޣСָܲ첲ס˼ҵȲ,,ͼＸ統ȫ
ʱЦЦ,ûཱུСɫߣǼС
,κ,˼ҵĲӲˡ
Ȼһ׮£һÿСδ
ںÿľŸ绳ԴؿڣſͱͶιѳԡ
ŹһѵƤϸ۾ӨĹһ㱡֭ˮͷιŮߣһںȥǲ֭ˮ͹ϸĴ,׽һһ
,Ҹ۶
˴,ȴôˡ
ҡͷҧȥûҧĹ⣬ҧű֭ˮָ
һ£ָͷĪĿ⡣
Ͻ³˼˵Բ𣬲Сҧˡ
ֺõش˴ӡͲʹˡ
˹ջ.ָԱߵŲɣЦ˵ѽСƵġ
ûв˻и.컵ζֻǺһԼЦҡͷԣǳҲɰС
ɫˣ޳һ
˵ҲϰߣһתͷȥСһǱסӣ˵¸ýҪˣҪȥ㣬ûʱ䣬ܲһȥѽ
Źֱ§ıý㡯ʱۣЦ˵ð
һ㡣
˺һ˵˺ö໰ɫˣо³ȥվű߸֡
ŹЦЦȥӺῴĳ뿪Ťͷȥ

ŤͷͿ߹ǰˣ۾һˣ˹ȥ
մӹ»Źٷſֱ§סСŮļ򣺡ôУǸʲôˡ
󣬲˵Ǹպ;ŹȥˣôϲŹӣȻ˻Լ׼̫˽¼桢ĻָǱˡ
ˡ
̲סЦЦЦţȴ
ȡȡ
ͷĵؿ
ܿţĿǸ꣬忡ţºƽֻ̩۽ϸϸ·ʾŷ˪µĺۼ
֪ʮǰȵλʱбʣʹ´ңֻ빬ɱȵۣʱĻʳҲǵӵǻȻǿӲѹķҾɱ̮˰ߵĽɽ·
ɱȵʱܹصˣΪ龫ı岡ܣģòֹ󲿷ֳ
ʮҹ£ܰ£˲ðУ񣬱µˣ˼λ곤ĹԾԾԣµһ𣬶ѹͷۿɼ࣬ޱȾ׷㲡
ŵĿԣĿĪͻȻ񱻼£һ־޴ĿֻţʶץڣȻ
ܵȭ£ͣסԣͷ§סû££¡
ŰС˽
ǴˣôСһ̲סЦﻹ͸ˣᰲֱۡ
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôͻȻô£С˵ҵ
Ҫúõѽָ˸ġһ꣡Ҫһ꣡
ãáʧЦꡣ
㡣
ʲôģġͲСˣҪôƴˣڹ̩񰲣ʡʡģĹԼɣͣҲöౣˣȲֵأҲԶĲңһóˣϢϢûʱ̼źúңȥԶܵױӡ
տʼȰЦţЦʧˣðԿһ£Խ˵Խûףǲ
Կǣؽһ
󣬺֪װģֹȥš
۾һֻСèèԴҳëë
ܵˮ
ȻǷᣬЩҲûЦҿɵúúûţꡣ
һ죬Ҫǳϻءͷ˵ҪǳˣҸϣΪǳһ

죬ȥ㡣
÷ʢɻδȥ㣬°˳޺ٳ
ﵱȻýһղȥîĶɶͣӧӵżҴ˴˽к֡
ýϳϳʱϤף硢硭оŹӣ
ŹӹȻˣûҲߣ˴ӵУɡ
ŹӵЦ˵ܵĿ⣬ĿĿײգգ۾Ц공ȥˡ
Źӡ
˿ŹӶųܵķ򣬲ɵ٩˭ǾŹӿôĿת
ǻ˵Ա˴ЦȻǵС
ɹ٣壺ߣ𣬴һȥȾƣŻûɼңҪúøһΣȴԺٸǳȾƣýС϶Ҫˣ
˺ȻЦ
죬Ǳ˵˵ҸŹԱЦԡ
ڳϣĺЦýЦյЩСǣ˵ʲô˻
û뵽ԼҲǻ˻֮һɵһٺЦһһüһЦ֡
ǰţ˺Цּ䣬Ȼ˻ȻɱͲҽ
Щ˯Ľü͵ؾѡ
ôˣﾪ֣ôкɱ
һ֧ӳŴ
СģȻ붼ûýſȥͬʱ֧ʸͬʱƴ룬˲ķѡ
Ҿɱ˲Ŀѣãý㣡

⧲̮ĳȥ¶һƬ⽣ӰУýһһ˲ͱֻ׳ʵ׵ֱ
ý㣡
Ҽ䳯ý㱻һýὡ׳ϣʱ۵ڵϹȦɱ˵Ҿٵ
۾
̤Ҿʿ߳ȥ罦ѪգһǿסоԼڿնһϤš

ŹڽһŴ˵ൽԼϡ
ڷˣȫȻѰ껳
Źһ߬סһֽסõ̫ˣóоյ߹Ƿۣû˵ʲôؿ·ûˣѪǵϹģ
ŹӵͷϸѪۣûʲô˿ڣѹֽϢɻ
оڷҵѪǸղ̫ԼϢЩѪˮ
оֱɣ֣תͷ˱ܿҵս
ⳡͻɱСʱ˴˵ǱھǵĲҾΪ
ԭһʮǰҵ͵Ǳ뾩ǣԴˣжǰҾЩҾɴ಻ھңŽڽϴɱ䣬ȫ֣֮ҲҺǸϣбһ֣վǻҪ˶޹ա
ǸղžýĽ׳ˣ
ã
֮ǰҪãȴΪԱߵʿһȰ˱ϣɿתȥɱҾս֣˿ܸϹ
ߵߣĸмضȭ£лպ裬ε౨
һߴ׳ˣݷңŻĽɫףýﾪδ΢΢ĵó
໰˵ڣȴûеõش
̧ͷͷĿþϡ
Ȼһ
ȵ۵ڶӣʥϵĶܣΪ.鲡ӣδ̫ӱ㽫ѡ곤ҲȨʢһλңֻ
лңȻЦҵӦ
˺Ȼ󾪡
ɫ䣬תͷЦý㼲뿪
硪
ã
ĿѣϣƵ׷ȥ
˵Ŀ࣬׷׷µĽ£Ҫظ棬кҪȥҾ׸ʱһš

ȫˣ죬ʲôûü˵ڣ͸оͷʲôҺ塣
һ£ʺѪ
˴ͷŹýķ򣬰봹ʺѪǻ
Ѫˡ
ΪʲôýķѪأ
л˵
ʢŰ᳡


50 
ջ,ܸе
Ѿңý㹫Ȼ뿪緢Ƶ׷ȥ,ڽϴȰס,ฮ͹,ֵƺƴ,Ų鲻Ըýͻ
ýܵ,Բ˺üգȥ,Ӳ԰,ѿί,˵ʱᣬ˼գǿ¼͡
,ýŹ,콾ŮúõĽҪ˳ɻ飬ôײĿͽ۸
⻹ꡣ
֪˭ָ㣬ȥȺɽݣȻūeʦɽ
ūeʦһˣڴþøʢν˲֪˲ʵ֪,˵а,ڸһΪʦ,ഫ޵߾磬ɸΪ˽ֵµԤԡ
λʱūeʦԤԸڵĶнᵮһǣλӿܽս𣬸ԥţΪȣлͳУֻĻΪ̫ߣʮ̫Ӽλλ֮šħ֮ĵ̫ӣɱеֵܽãӽɽ°ΪǾȵۡ
ȵۼλְūeʦٽУµ˵ЦūeʦΪԼԤԣūeʦòڶԤԣһλĵʥɱµۣɽӡ
ȵԤԣб޵Ϊ壬ɱ¶ҳǸʥˣ½ɽ顢ʱ򣬵ʱƹȫĴ󶼶ؾְҹ硢ɱȵۣӵǻȻƽķգλʱ͵Ĵ󶼶кܡ
ڣūeʦɽ빬
ʱǹϯŮϯ̫Цý˵ʦһʱ򣬴ʦý㣬λഫѻϰȴĿūeʦ㻺¶Цݣ˵λŮɣأڵúأһζҩ
һڱѻȸ
ʲô񣬿˵ǡ콵ء˵ڹһζҩ
ϯþýס캧˵ð죬̫Сһ䣺ʴʦءν⣿
ūeʦۣӹһ첻Ц⣬ӣΪĵ۾Ϊѡһλʵķˣͬޣʳ⡢λϴ
λŮɣϸΪĸ֮

ʵѾ󣬶ûãҲû̫ӡ
磬빬̫ǰּͻ顣
ýϯ㱻ڹУ常ฮǼ۵磬鷿λ常˵˻Ȼ˹ٷҹ빬
ſڣһҹû˯
΢صʱ򣬹ٴλ󿪣һý
ýн鷿˵鷿Źʱ֪˵ʲôֻ֪ٴʱ߳λ常˵ýĻ¾ʹգΪý׼Ϊļױ
վԺ֪Ϣʱ򣬴˺ܾá
Ťͷȥҵ
ʣΪʲôҪýĻ£Ϊʦһ䲻֪ٵдʣҪý޸𣿡
û˵֡
ܵǰ۾ʪֺľǿͷ˵మȻãǲ˶ҪĶ
û˱˵ѡԼҪȫ
ס
ȥý㣬뿪ıӰ۾ǺģһοӡдĴ磬Ȼį
߽ȥýױ̨ߣɫ԰ףۿס
ý㡭ګګʣ硭
ý㿴ͷ˵ǿ޻Цϲˣջϲ˳ɻ顣
֮ǰû˵仰Ͳϲǻа취ģԸ⣬ǼҲ۸ģʹ
ϲңŵһһ˫ˣǸΰжĽýͷ˵ҲڻôϲҺãҲܻϲġ
֮⣬ʮ֮˾š˵˵ҲһֺܺõĽˡ

ý㣬һ̣ˡ
֪˵ʲôеһ㰧ȴ־⡣
ûˣÿһǻˣҲӦȥָ˽Ͼȥһˡ
۾ʪӺҲ˲۾ܹȥ˱ý㡣
ȫȻס
ý㡣˵ҪҸ
һ̣֪ΪʲôۿȻˡ
ֻرסֿЦóãҲҪҸ

Թдͻּ⴫ٺ缸ղ顣
ýĴﱸԽʢ
Ƹ¶Ϲ觡鱴ѽõĳнϷŽ˿߲£һһƺƵ޲ȫ˶֪͸䰮
ϲý㡣
ڸеһ㰲ġ
ĸ㣬ĺֱֲĸۣۡҪûǸ˶⣬ҲûǸ£ǣҪһҸɡ
븮ʱڽһСƹݿűߺȾƣã࣬ͷڴơ
һƥѪԶ۶˻ͣ£¾װŮһѶľƺŭȣ㷢ʲô裡
Ų£ȥİŮųƲ𣡡
һԲȥһ¾ƣһ߿еľƺĺӧǹľʵǹȥ
ٳŲסԱߵĵֱ˴жŮɵǹȭӣɳʯֱ߰һ󾪺
͸ǣ˺þá
˻°ͷڽֱϣ֪ΪʲôĪһЩ
ܻģ룬õܻȥģÿ˶кúõδġ
Ӹʱ򣬾Źˮꡣ
ˮؾϸϸˮӷڵˣС飬˹ڵϵ͵ʲôڹϵŶǼ£ûֱߴŰɢ
ȹ˳ľȥսŲǼ˲صͷ
Źۣ¶ǳǳЦ֣
ܹȥס֣Աߣ˺Щ𣿡
ﻹһЩʺ̲ҩҩҶˡĶͷȥࣺ𣿻Ѫ𣿡
Сʱڹвӣܹ࣬Ҳã֮ǰڽϿѪ֮ڸ϶ãǴ컻׷ܵ
ŹЩݵԼס֣ԴͷЦ˵öˡ
ԶĽ΢΢˶ָͤŵǼϢˣڳע⵽֮ǰѾȫȥˡ
һ𣬿ͤϸϸĻһ־׶ݵá
ĻͻȻӿһֳ嶯
Ǿɻɡ˵ýɻҲɻɡ
ŹӿЦԭܲԸޣ᲻üңڼꡣ
Ҽ޸㣬ҲԻؼѽ˵ţ۽ޣҵļ̰ģҶҪҪԶһ𡣡
ŹӾ۵οһɫ׽
ʣòã
ŹӵЦһ˵á
ס˵һ黽С˵塣
գգ۾Ц˳ͷɫİơ
Сʱ򣬶һ仰ô࣬Ҳܻ죬һ˿Ƭ衣
ϴûоϾĶˡһݸ飬Ͼüɫ׺ᣬҲԸݺͽƬ¹żİӰ
ˡ
룬˳˳ģ㹻
Цк;ŹһŻؼȥ
ֹ໮ʯ·棬ͣƿ
Сȹڿţɫ԰׳
޺ȥĶˣ
Ѫˡ
Ѫˣ
Ųͣ
ٿȻʻ̡
һ˲䣬·оȻѡ
л˵
˫


51 
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û˭,Ҳʲôֻһϸ磬½,ˣ߳ʱ,ȳѪ,Żˡ
ſڴͷ,ŵ·һҹ׵ͷ
õ̫ҽ,ฮ̾Ϣҡͷ,˵Ǿ˸,ͳɼ,農
֪˵ġ
ͳɼǳ棬Ҳǡʯҩҽ
,ɱȵ,»ʣѹķɽӣҹ£û˯һþˣһɽ׹ڿϢˡ
˯,ѹһ,ʳô
˵,ﵱȻúõģλ常أֵܽãʲô¶ûС
ЦԳЩĵͣͷ˵ü¶ճʲô
ԺȫҲ̵ֻǣһԼϵýĴﱸҲͣˡ
һݶ͵ˣԽʱԽΪĺٶһЩ¡
صͷ˵á
ýĴͼھУϼʮױˮϯųңңڿ˴ǡ
أûȥ䣬˺ܷױһ·ܳȥǣýϻΡ
ϲĴԶżվſڣ߸߻Ŀͺƴֵ̽Զȥ
ԴĿ˺ܾãתͷߵܻԺǿֵЦ

˷ܸʢĵ񣬽ǵĺ͡ϲ֣߶߶СʱСNࣸͣ
ţûõĻ
ֻЦ˵ǳ죬ǸƯӡ
Ȼֹ
ͻȻ
ۿ
Ҳޡ˵Ҳޡ
һСӣһϧͿݡ
㲻һֱϲЦǰӦ㻹͵ųȥôھͱˡ
ۿ
˵ҡͷҲҪҲҪ
֮ǰеĴ㣬Ҫģ鰮£һ̣ͻȻòôҪˡ
Ҳˡ˵ҪڼҪң
̲סС˰ʹĿҪҪ
ܳ̾ϢһŻﺿʹ޵Ůͷۣ۽ǽʪ⣺ҵС

࣬Ź
ʱ򳯳ںͺ˪ݳԷ˪ܣҲûɶдģ³ˣһżԡ
˪ݶ˵ͻʷߣҸûˡ
׷Ķʲôʱߣ
˪ݣվߡ
Ŷͷ㶫׼ҸԵİɣຮʲôȱ
˪ҡҡͷȴ˵ЩС£ҷͲ塣
ס
׺˼ڲأʱ࣬żŻˡ
ฮÿҪʤİ̽Ĳ飬ԽԽĴڸߵݣ֪ļ˵Ҫү빬¡
뱲ӣйȨжٳңˣһͷ̮Ĵɽ̫ԾԾȲƵ
˵бѾΪλӷ˪˵ӣλ֮ǰΨΪλӷһԼĪλˡ
幫ӡӡ˹ӵȽΪӵ鱩Űǰڷɱū룬ŭЩնһٹٷʮ͢ȣȲΣ˹ǰּкӺӵܻ.¸ԴγЩкӾ̣Ľ꣬ȥŷų˪˵Щ˾࣬벮ԹأҪСġ
ͷ֪
ڻλ常˪ݣεС㣬ýΪлܻỤǣҲܷЩ
Цȴô롣
λ常ҲãýҲãҲԼҪܻһʱҲ鷳˼һһӡ
ˣҲˣһӣҲˡ˵Ӳһ̰ȨˣҸҪô̫ƽֻҪǲʲôЩȨͶȥ
ֻúõģֹӡ˵룬ٹһ󣬵ȵЩˣ뿪ǣȥϣԶЩһƽӡ
˪ס
ŲͻȻֹ
˪¶еֵɫŤͷŹӡ
֪ʲôʱģվӰУݡ
۾Ÿ硣
˪֪Լ뿪ˣʣµĻ̻ȥվԾŹӵͷ
Źſɫƽʲôº͵ͷӦ˵һ·ƽ
˪ݱȭһ۳ת뿪
ıӰԶȥе䣬һȥҲ֪Ҫټˡ
ҡҡͷվŹȥʲôʱģԷ𣿸ʢһܺóԵġ
ԼҨһ׷ιŹߣ
ŹӴۿ۾ǿڷȥ
ס첲ó԰ɣԲԣҸʢ
ŹԼ£ӴСľͰʢ˵Ѿɻˡ
֮ǰ˵Щɻ顣Ź˵ȥ¸³Ǹգ׼ɣ˼Ȣ½ˡ
ʢͣס˵Ҳ֪ҵﻹ˼
ٸˣ䶨ŸġŹȴ˵Ҳǿʱɻ飬ֻ뽫䶨Ȼฮסչٸһɣ㡣
û˵һҡͷ
Ÿ硣ͷ˵ҵӣھǣ̫Σˣȥסһ󡣡
Źӵͣס
˵ҿԱ㡣˶٣˵ٸ㸸ףҲ¡
ʵܸжһڴӦ
Ȩ֮пû֪ᷢʲôҲû֪浽һһʱʲôҷ
ԸԸ޸ԸΪκһģʲôԸеѵһĺͶȨ.
Ҫ뿪һȫĵط
ӣĺȥѽ
ֻкСʱڽϴôھǣ??ȥû˵ȥ˽ϣˣпʱҡ
Źӿ񽥽ˡ
ʣȥ˽ϣá
ͷָء
ŹӿͷССںڵķںڵ޽ǣСС黨
ǲãʹáЦ꣬ꣻʮ꣬ʮꣻһӣҲһԣĺŮˡ
оĪ֪ԼòãЩ۸ʵû취ˣ˵̧Դ֪ãԲ㣬
˵Ǻñ¡
ס
Цûô
Цģ˵Ļ׶ڱĺˮˡ
ͻȻʲôҲ˵ˡ
ŹҲҪ˵ʲô
ǿҵǹײθֳѪ
վӣ˵㲻޸ңҲһǱ޸ҡ
ϣҲû˭˭ɡ
һЦ˵Լѡģ㲻Ҫڡ
Źվתˡ
Ÿ硪
Ź߳ȥѾฮȺ̴Ӷ̤Ҳû粽˳ܣֹסؿԣ˿˿ƵѪߴӴ
ǰڸͷϵı꣬չЦ޹ɡ
ҾͲµεЦԶһλ㣬Ҳֻš
ǸģţޣˣҲػعТꡭεͷЩЦ֪ʲôʱ򡣡
ûзһ㣬ֻż͵͵Ŀ
εЦ
ܵĿĵأѻȷҪΪλӷǰ׼ΪŹӰ޽Ź鵭лˣȻסƫԶľŹӸ
Ź˳ε̷ȥεü޸Ѿˣ谮㲻ϲۿϲڱ˻ҲżŹӣǺƢԡ
Źǰţֻԣɫ
ε̿˳ۣԾŹһּļʺͺ⡣
ǣ㵱ȻҪӵұȫֹҪ߹檣Ҫķˡ
ϧˣصôá
򣬺Ҫ֪ϲεáε̼Ǿܼ޸ˡ
ŹӵĽŲͣס
ûκζ߽ޱѹε̵ļŹ¡
ϵĿףī̽ƣҫ
߾
ε̱ڵϣЩʿĿףȻ¶ŵģ߾У
ǵϱ߾˼Ϊýԣ˭Ϊþ߾ڻʵۻѾԵ׸Уİ߾ȻھŹ
ȡȡ
ŹתڿԣѪˮϣ졣
ε̣֪Ϊʲô䡣ЦΪ޴¶ȴֻһЩС̬֮հǰ˺Ѷϣûһĳ
ҲʲôܲܡһЩʱҲٹԸⲻԸ⡣޾Ц޲ޣ˵㡣
벻Ȣ£Ҫޣܵü޸
ûܹˣû޵ĶôڣҰĳŵģضһڣڲҪʮٱʹ࣬ǰſధϴ
һգҪʲô͵ʲô

⣬
Ⱦ졣
ŹӿĨȥǵѪתߣ߱أأѪ߬һηۡ
ضҪڡ


52 
ֻŵȻ뿪
Ѿ˸Ȳ졣
ʮ,ּΪ幫ΪΪ˹Ϊ,ŹΪӷΪ,С͢,Ϊ
֮ǰ,ʮ׸ܡ
˶ڵฮķӦ
ฮûзӦ,ڻԣλ常Ѿû,龫,ԱȫƽΪһҪ,Ѿ˼ЩȨ
˵ĽעУ˵ĿϲͲУ˵Э,ⳡ޴Ȩ纣Хǳ,ǺӴ۹
һ۹ȨϲȲʼʾԼȨʼδǵߣԺֶαնЩ谭ǵĵˡ
¶ʮգɻݶӡѹگ
¶ʮһգλԡ²족֮Уʮ׵۹ñǿ
¶ʮ,˽Ͻ,ǿҪ벿,̫Ȼܾ˫ͻױڽϣϰٺˣ̿һ֡
ǻȻʮλʷŭһ.Խʵ۲ʮλԱ̫ſڿధλĴѧʿŭӣѪߣۼҪɣʵڲò棬ڲϴּר裬ٺ꣬ո˽ʮͬʱ˼λѧʿѻظ
̫Ըλѧʿ餸ԻظȻȥ˼ңȴûнȥֻǰڵ˼ſڣʹſ뿪ˡ
˼ΪʵһϢλѽǰΪӵֵ꣬Ҳᱣסǣʱû˭δµΪС
ҲôԸЭֻѡֻ۱ֻۡ
˶Ϊ¾ôȥʱ
¶ʮգ˼ұı֮ﳭң֮մ
һ峿ĺҹɫûȫɢȥ΢΢Գһع⣬һ⣬ٵӴ󾩳ǡ
Ȼ˶ǳĻ
Ļ⣬Ŀ޽УѪӳ˺ɫ
ܼխСӵİȺвǰֱӴӳȺУͷĻ𣬲Զ̨ͤ¥լ̮˸һлٽ
꽫Ҹ嵨ѫ֮ҡ
ٹ⣬ųѪ
ûˣûˡ
Ŀ󻺻ҭ£ͫӳŻ⣬ӳʹŵף·һ޴ĽӲʯͷվſڣյĻҡ
սԱߣ࣬ٲһµŮֶľƺһѺӧǹճɷʹ̹
˸ʧ𣬵˼жȥ˼̫ǰŹȶУſڣʮһһضһʬճһڵܣվû˺һ
˸֮ǽ÷룬ȸ
ͬŭ
һˣǵһζΪĵܵŭУ͢ȵĴȣĲҽһҹ̫ҽ˵ȳ׷ˣⱲֻУٱˡ
Щʱȴ룬ôܹء
ֻﲻţǵ˼ңλ̫λ˽㣬Ҳˡ
λ常̸۴£΢常̾һˣֻƫֵܡѣ˽ʤ֮ģ֮ࡣ
常ɫ䣺Էֵ֮֮࣬࣬ң˸Һı¾˸˭֪δʲôϸǻ֮ǰֶնɱ˶ⲣ
΢常Ĭ˵ֳԡѾܵзƮҡ룬㣲б֮ˣʵ´󻼣ŲµĴΪΪˣʱԽӭѶϣܺ˹Ұ벽
΢常еĻȥʲôҲû˵ˡ
ͻȻһվ常ȭ
Ҫնɱ˻ƣԸΪȣϧ
常΢常常ƫͷȥʪ
ء
Ů˶ȥ
ȹŮڿŵλãϸ󣬱бԳϸСȩ̈ͷʱ峺
Ϊ̻ŸЩ˵ɱδҲ˵еڶ
΢常̾Ҳ֪£ƷԲֻҪû˹ƻټԺúȰҲʲôҡ
ȵ۱Űӣô๫ȵ۵նӣԵԳûѡ
ֳʰɽӣ̫ƽ΢常˵ϲľپˡ
û˵
࿪ͷ⣬ȴĪ룬ġ
·Ȼǵôһôһʱĵ룬ôһλʵ۱£ʵбҲǶôֻǻӹܣܵ購̰.۸.ܡܵκǲкǿӲĽѡùҹãǣ󳹵㸲һѪˮʹ
ϲľҲһλܵľ
ԸҪһλıƶϡѪĻʵֻۣҪȵôбֻҪ԰պһ˿֮ģͿһλ̫ƽհҵĺõ۾
ĩս³ƽյ˺˪ݵš
ʱ򣬵ĲһЩżѹܳԶһЩ˵һ
常͵˵ܳյţڻȳϿ
ŷ⣬һϸϸĻɳֽſǺ˪ݹؾصּдֺһĬӲ˵ʲôƤֻһһ۰Ǳддһдս£дķ羰дפصСȡı߳ǣдЩزȻôûһЩ
ŵ˵ս¸һ䣬ЩʱҲܻؾְ˵һĻһݺĻϲŰϴǿ֬Ӧûÿ
ŷⶶģһĻƣǱ߶صĻƣȷʵܺÿҳϴκ͵飬ѻֽ棬⣬͸ᱡֽ͸Өϡ
̲סЦ
öһξÿ֣ôЦ
ֲõġЦݸϣۣǣȹ³ΣҪܻȥŸ

Ӽļֵ̤ĺ͸Χǽ쳹;ÿһۡ
ٽս˴󺰣ٽѲӪ;УͻʴͻϮǧ߾һͬսȡ

ٽ
սȣ

紵֦¼ѿ
µŮþվţð죬ͷֽ
ֽףӨƯĻ棬£Ĭš
ء
ˮͻȻۿܲסʹ㣬ʹޣء

磡


53 
峿,常óгǹ
ٽ£Ѿ֪ˡ
ࡢﶼû˵
Ϣ˵,ʬǻûҼ΢常̾Ǳ߳ǣΧﶼǻɳ,ͻͻϮ,쳣,;·о޴ɳ
Ǻֻǧ,סͻʴ΢常ˣʱıͻʾɳ,ڲȳ,ĵط
ɳ,߳ΪǻĻɳ,ݽȥ,ʬ޴档
ĬĬţͷ±ӡ
ҽЩ˻ˡ常˵ɳӰ٣죬˽ȥ
Ͻزøȥͻ,¹ڣ
һƬž
΢常ͻȻŭ,ŭץͻıʿ,ͻʿɺᣬǵı߷ͼǹ벻ȣͼ˪붨󽫾ʧְ֮ھеðԼ֡
˭Ҳû뵽˪¾һ£ϧͻʾһɳס߽
常³һԳ˵СӣӣµڵӣٳŲסˡ
Ϊǡ䲻
ǵӡŨصıǺ޵ֲҶһŮûãͱϡ
常һ㶣ʱɫ˵㲻ô룡˲б޵£Ƕ˵ĴһŻѪΪĺҸ嵨ѪһнɱģΪҹ壬¸Ҳ˭˭ǣۣ룬Ƕǵ裡
ۿͻȻʪˡ
常ţˣҸˡ
常۾ͷ֪֪
£ôȥ常ҧ塢кһԸοӢ飬Թ⸴·
΢常Ȼ¶ǵɫ֡
ͷŲ常վ
µĳƣȴ㣬˫ĿտտŷŭȻĹ⡣
Ѿ̵ùˡҧ£ǱҪһ
常ȥϳˡ
ſڵȣʼվţվˣŵȡ
ȰȣȵӰ쵽ƻ裬ص߸ߵ磬䵽ܺ󣬻ƵĹϼ䣬󣬴³Ӱӡ
ڵȵˡ
Ķ飬ڵľͷŲ
ͷţңҡİᦣһֻֻǸѪֻʣɱƤҵİ񣬱ڸ߸ߵľϣȥʱһİ
ɳãʮּɱĬԣʣԸݶλΪӽ꣬ͽĽʿŹ¡
常Ӧ
ڻʵۺϡ࣬ŭɿЩع׼ӭһ˽ǵĽʥּʱ
常ȡһֱڵذ.ףĺ
ĵ常ǵλȨأţԺܶ˶ˣʮǰǴѪǧ·ټɽӡ
常ֺȣȸĺѪȪ
ȫһļž
˴罦Ѫɴ۾Ųӣڵϡ

һ˲ĴͺеĹ¯ը
ɱˣ
ˡ
ݣ커ݣ
¼Уӵãǰ̫ǻ𼱻ǻھֵĻʵǰŹ־忴Ų¡
³ţɫһƸ۵ᣬ˦־סðѪ֣ذ.׺ݺãȻŵ
£
ӦĿѣ.彣ذ.״֮ǰ֮ս֮ɣ¶ɫؿһذ.ףʸᴩ塣
ۡ
Ӷ͸Ѫ
±Ǿ˺Ѫɴӿ
㡪
ס¶ӵ顣
常ĸ޺ɱȵۣҲᷳ¹ŰִŴγײԼҲûɱ
㡭
ָ
еţкС
ƫֵ̻ܣ˽çײſ꣬˹֮꣬ġ㲻Ϊ
ɫ䣺š
ߴӰ˻ΣȻȥ


ƴİ̴ӵѻص
վԺŲ常Ĺ餣ǰ治Զǰüʥּ˵常͢ɱĿ񼫣ȫڲ常һΪͿ๦ߣ𣬵չ磬ֻᡣ
ʥּּл
ûһվ
ԱҲûй߬ȭ̫ˣȫʼ
СǲĬĬءĬĬؿŶ̶ˡ
ʹǱЩţĪ⡣
̲ס˺һ¡
סĪ⣬ǿŻ˵ʲôűƿһƲ׵Ů
Ϊ׵Ůư°ͣȵ˭ڹΪɥǣһӦ̣԰죡
ǰʹǻˡ
ý˻ˣΪ常ɥǡ
ý㣬常ý㱯ʹۣջ֮ǰּ⣬һָּ常ǰһٹ⣬Ӷᡣ
常ڳɱɱ󲻽û壬ᣬ˶̲ס̾ฮһܾʶҲܾ谮עĹĸйŮˣһٹ⡣
΢常ЩΪ常ɥ
常һλȴ˶ʮ꣬ɫݰܣڣơ
￴ģ﷢ᣬ͵͵ޡ
ɥ΢常ǿ񣬽кǹǵ
Ѿüûô˵ʱŵ͵ʣ𣿡
΢常ҡҡͷˣֻЩš
ֲ˵˺ð죬䲻˵ý㣬ɱ𣿡
ýĹĸҲϲý㡣̧ͷ˵ýһҪɱԸýԸ𡣡
΢常£Ц˵ǰãҲ˵ʲôʲô׾죬ɱġ
ǰ׾졣
ǲкġ¾޹ġбֻƵ׾죬Ҳֻһζƫ̻
ɱ
ʹ常Ϊ˶ʹýѹʹࡢΪױҲû취ɱ
ֻҪδĻʵۣôͲһգи
ءսıơ
¶˾ġ
΢常΢תͷŮȼյĻ⡣
΢˻Ƶ˼ˣˣ常ˡ
ҲԸ⣬ôݡ˵ҲԸ⡣
΢ס
ͻȻŤͷܡ

ܣûǣǣһƥȥ
һֱǻģƽʱҪͿԻڣҪˡ
Ҫȥһ¡
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꣬ͻȻһ꣬£·ߵ˷׷׾ŶܣһȻϸ˺ѵĻ
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55 
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56 
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˵ͷ˵һٰʮ̧ױҴȥһ룬ʣһѾֺˣߵʱϾС

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ô꣬ô갡ͷԽԽͣɵӰ


˰ļž
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57 

ò忡,ͣЦ
ϤˣȴͻȻİˡ
㡢˵ʲôеãȻ,ִһ飺˵ʲô

޾˵,ȴʲôҲû
ҪҺͱһ޸㡣˵㻹Ҫҽ檡

޾ƫͷ,,һԼ,ô죬δ,ûа,㲻,֮ǰ˵ģȻ㲻
˵㲻Ҫڡ˵,˵
ʱ,ȱסҵȲţϥǸߣ̰Ľɫ˵ϲңҪҵ˵ǰ飬˵ɻ飬ȷ,Ը޸ҡ
㿴Ц,һ,˵㣬ԶţҪۡ
۾ˡ
ǱҡʣңҪңҪҡ
޾Цȧ΢ѪƤ¹һŤ
Ц˵˵Ķԡ
֪ҵһ˶á˵Ǻܵĸ⣬㣬Ҳģʲôʲôϲңֻ͵͵ң˲Ͳ޸ңҪȥϣҪߡ
Զµһ˼ʥˣϵ˭Ҳ
ЦȴģʲôҳľҲǸӣҲԶȲ
ҵ
Ӳ֪ôԹ޲Ҳȥ̲ס޺ҵ

޾֣Цʲôʱ㣿λ˺ṲޡѪڣ㡣
ٿȻ۾
ʶ֣㳤󣬰㵱ı˵㣬ãȨƣȣʹЩֺη㵱ŮҪһ죬ˣ롪
ž
İȻֹ
㾪ƫͷǲ԰ϸµİףϴ۵ʺӡ
Ժ˵һ붼û뵥ϥ£ͷҶ࿴һۡ
ҧһһ֣裬ҵ
˵ʲôԡ
ԣҲԣָűҲ
ԣ
һž
޾΢΢ƫţ죬ת
ֲͫľ˷ӿĻ򰶽һ˲ɽѾҪ
ûб
޾̧һӵİӡ˵һѧ˰ơ
ȫһ£֪ΪʲôȻоۿȡ
ԶΪȫĴ̣ķҲֻ÷֣˭˵ã㶼ѧȰơ
ˡЦһЦҾ֪ããҲ˵
в
Ҳ޷ܣŭֱˣԴˣҲ˵Ҫؼң
Ťͷܡ

ľƽ𣺡̤ţ̤һҲ֤һʲô
תͷŭ𣺡޾̣
޾̿ɫ䵽Į
͵͵ؿԣѾƽԳһ嵭Ĵݡ
ֵһҲûʲôͷ·ɽ䵭ҼԶȲϺܣҲмٱȣΪ˷£Ҳûʲôġ
ºǸա޾º˵빬ʮױۺ̣Ĵ飬ǱϾʮ֣Ҳίʲô
Ҳ
㲻޾ЦЦȴȼصĺˣ˵ǾͲҪͰλø㣬ʺ檣͸ˡ

ִ
޾̣ȫʶһð죬촽ʼ£𣿡
޾һһָѪʹ̵Ŀ⣬˵Ȼ
㲻£Ҿͻһ˳µĻʺ󡣡޾ЦǾǻʵۣϲ˭ϲ˭Ȣ˭Ȣ˭ʲôʲô˵ء
̲סʡ
޾ۿޣŤʹĿ
޶á
ݣͻܳ׵װͺ޵˺ѷΣѪ⣬ȫȫⶼ
ʹ࣬Ϳ
޾̸ͻȻȥס°ͱ̧ͷ
۾һ⣬ź⣬ǿַŭ
ң
Ťͷȥָָ֣һۣ޾ȴûоһȻǿӲ°
㿴Ҳѧ۾ֻҡͻȻЦȨõĶǲǡ
һҧϡ
޾ֳݻֱѪ˦˦վ峤ӰӴӰס
޾̶ΧĽ˵һǶҡ
ͷһݣͷǡ
޾̿˳һۣ߹۰ɨ
޾̡ƵҪǷҪߵһ𣿡
޾ͣסŲеһŤĿ⡣
˵ǡ
޾̻عͷˡ

ڵϣ̲ס

ܳˡ
ذأ·ڿѺʲô׶񼫵η
ùֿЦġ
ôԷҲ˯ãܿȥȦڴһ첻˵
ŮǶˣԷ˵һۣҹֻһϣڶ糯Ϳץֱ۴ŭſңͥǹȻˣûˣſҡ
ڷϵŭɫʱסУôݳˣ
һֱûʲôڱ仯ȴǷŭ͵ؿ㣺ǰ
Ǳµּ⡣æɿͷ֪ᣬС
ǳ..в
ҧ˵ǰͻȥһúóԷġ
˵˵Сֱ빬
ǡ
Թ죬ͷһδɱӣǨŭ¡
յػӻ֣¶ɿӣ񣬲Ŵȥ
ˣܹץסôǰѺŰˣ
ҡҡͷʣôҵ𣿡
ûʲô¡˵죬ߺ󣬴˼Ѫ
һѪˣ
ҵ̷ȥϢˣҹ̫ҽ˵ҵֻ˵ҪҶʣ˵λ̫ҽ峿ˣЩҲûʲôϢҿҵҲûʲô쳣ش״Ѿƽˡ
ɿ
㵽ô¡żʣô͹ˣˣλ³µۣ˵类ѺڹС
ҡһ˵ԥýͱ½ӽˣ
Щġͳһ£Ǹ˼
˴Ӧ̵ɴ۾
ҪȢý㣡˵תʲôǲΪūeʦǾԤԣΪҪʵۣȢý㣡
ôŭ㶼޸ˣֻöѣô˵ڻͻڻ顣
Цģȿ޻ѿ
ûлڻ顣˵Ȣý㣬Ҹ
ﲻţ˵ʲô
˵ٺҲ檰
Ҫ檣Ҫ檣
ôô״ΣǲǺܶʮ꣬ŹӶమ㣬ôᡭ
ҡҡͷζֻԼ֪Աߣֱ۵°ȥ
ЩӣҾ룬״ˣͱˡ
˵һ밡밡֪ôģͻȻ뵽Сʱ򡣡
ʱ磬ҵһμ;ƣϲڿ԰С·ϱ˳۸ʱҾܹȥһѱסȡСС߽ûңֻǵͷ˿ңЦһ£Ͱұ
Ǿô˻δޡ·Եһ˳¡
Һ룬ýʫͷ̫ķͣҪȥ̫лӹ絽̫Ĵؾ·һС·
Щ²룬Խ࣬Խ
ҲҴˡ͵˵ҲһʼϲġȢģý㡣
ֻһ⣬һ˶ΣǳóϦദϰߣȫõڲſԳռУڿϿʤһսƷ
սƷѽ
ֵܹ˭أֻܹԼ
һʼӢۣù£ɵܹȥ˲ԼĶ
ūeʦǾԤԣǶԵġ
ĵýӡ
ֻ
ˡ
һʼʹˡ
л˵


58 
Ѫûϸɾ,µ۵ĵǻѾܲʼ׼
׷µ۹䡢Դ֮˳ƳΪһسλԱµС˳ΧںԪ㳡ǰű·ĵһʥּ,̲ס͵
¼Ƚ빬̲ס˵ΪүŮΪ󣿡
֮գ,µ۽Ե빬,κ˿,ⶼѾǸȷźš
߹,ò,ūeʦԤΪĸ,ϲ,ʮ£ţѸ߼޲ټ,ȢɩΪ,˵ЩƣһλұƹǿƶѪµۣūeʦԤԣҲԸֻ۱ֻۡ
˵֡λЩ֮ɻĻʹڹ䵱ҹ֪빬ʱȻŭתͷµۣµۼûֱӰ˹Ѻˣûзų,˲,ﻹʲô
˶ΪܿȵһݲΪʺʥּ,û뵽ʥּµĺܿ죬Ǻ͵ǻһ׼ģֻ˲ԡĲãԭ
µڴ֮ƹδɣλС˵öû꣬ڻûϢ

ڰ죬ҪԭΪ
ǼŰӽʲô
ʱ˴Ӳн߳꣬ڷۣ֮˲ҽӽ
˶һۣһλƽͻԱȥе̽̽Ӻ󹬳ȥ
εɫĮղεõ֪޾ʥּʹ޵ģб߳һ㼥
ԱȻɫһֵģ֮ǰ̣˭λй˭룬⡭
֮𡣡Աӭ˵ʹΪʺ󣬱ȻҲλй
εЦЦɹ𡣡
˵̫һ֮ңĹĸٹҲ檡
εòϧԼѹһͷۿҪΪŮˣһҹ֮䣬췭ظ˺޶ɣֻΪ檡
ҲʵѲ⡣Ա̾˵Ϊԭ䣬ϾδɣǺүŮүܳϻ˵ģż߸үרȨ꣬Ů˻ʺϳ˱µˣ񲻶ɽ𡢸ʤ֮ӣ
ǡε¶Цɽ𣬺ܲһˡ
Աһ̽˵̹ӴԺ⣿
㲻̽ҡε̼Ц˵ұ㣬޾Ȣƽ޵ˣǺܡ
¡иֳǿҵļ޲ܺģˡ
Ա㤶һ⡪⡪
εԽ˵ͷԽŭ
û뵽ūeʦԤԣε빬޾̷ѾߵһȻҴȢ
ô˺ˣ½Ը
޿ܣ
ۿź޸޾̡
εЦһһҲץס첽ˡ
Աɫ̿ıӰоԼʲô֪Ķ
µϲ⣬ʮصĻλ۹Ȩǲҵسӡ
λˡ
ԱȻһŮŤͷһɫɥ㹬Ů
µ۵ǻ£ϲ£ֻŵƽʣŵУֻһط׷ɥ
ǾΪΪĸӽСŴ
Աҵæȥλˣк½
ū澴ٻŮˡŮϥһЩҪָˡ

ĩ濪ʼ
컹ûͱѣŭܳȥôò˯
һܳȥ͵ɴ۾ֶֻǴ죬ҼһſڹϺ˼ңҲڴϸĴֺֽġϲ֡
Ż󳨣ǻϲشӼܳһЦúϲ£죬Яף˴кߴͷȥ
￴΢΢ſͣһͷˮһЯϲǱߣæʣ壬ôˣȥĶ
Ƿ˵꺺̧ͷɤźȥϲ
ҪǻˣҪˣԱ·һ첼ͷǣСŮͯϣ˵ʥּҪ£˽ĸ˰׸֣Ҽһȥϲ
˵ϲģԱ˲òУģзݣһֱգûֱʡ
ٸôǮ
ǹٸٸǮ۷ɣǱ¸ģ˵°ȵ۵˽⿪ˣĶȫó͸׸֯ҹԼշϲַ䣬Ҫ֣ͬͬ졭
ϲʺ
ɲǣǻͬһգǶٳ衣
ãáԱѾϡ֮ŹߣȱЦǺǣûϲˡ
ȥضҪҹҹΪºͻʺͷϸϵغϴֲڵƣ֣ﰡɵñӱºúϣ롭áСӣ
š
ŹӡµۣȻôý㣿
Խһ߾һ첼ڵϣЯŵĺ첼̤Զжȥ
죬ϲ졣
￴һͻȻ뵽ʲô͵Ťͷ
֪ʱѾſڣûֻ߳վűߣַأ⾰
ﲻ֪ΪʲôͻȻһᡣ
ȡګګֲ֪˵ʲô𡢱ˡ
Щϲİǣҡҡͷ
Դ࿿ء
þÿһĻģڿһԼΡ
мҼһϲ֯ϵĴϲ̹зÿ
жʿӹ̫ͬڵۺδͼ֮ڴӯ⣬ʿ͡
³ʹ½𷨰پΪܽסɮ°лʥΪδۺͬʥµƣϢΪۺ
Ｘˡ
֪ôݣǰǰеϲŹӵģŸ߻º͵ɾһԺôãһһ⣬ʮһյר飬ֱϷдģĽˣǸɵļһôôá
һҹ֮䣬ͱˡ
ŹӱµˣɱҪȢý㣬Ҫó檡
ȫ⣬ǰԳô꣬˵ľͱˣҪȢý㣬죬Ǵǹµƣȫ°˶֪жమý㣬ƫƫҪó
ħˡ
̰̣̲סǰһҹҳҪܰɣۺ飬϶ģ˵ۣȥ̫ҽЩ˷ģǳܡ
̫ˣֻڴͷֻһյƣƵĹ΢΢ӳ
ҡͷǿܣʱܡ
Ǽô죿˵ҵڹ磬ֵܽǣô졣
˵
ǼңѾԭǼˡ˵ǻʵˣµˣҵǸ壬ôۼ
Īͷۣ޺ô죬ѵҪȥ𣿡
޸ʣ󲮶ްҪ֪Ҫ֪
֪ͻȻ˵ҵ֪ʲôҲܸ
ʣȥ찡
ġǼⷢᣬͷૣʲôʱʲôʱһͺá
޾ǸˣԴвҪ˳˵ʲôʲôҶϥźáӣˣʶ˲壬ˣͷý꣬Ҿȥ¹ͷú
ɣԸŹ𣿡
ҪǰԿ϶صͷֻҪ޾̣䵭ϲ˵϶ҲԸԸ
ڣͻȻҲô϶ˡ
͸޾ˣеߡѾô޾ˡ
Ĭ˺ܾã׵˵ͷ
һǾЩͷϡ
ǱϾʶôꡭ͵˵ɷޣҲܸе֡Ҿá
һ룬һΡ
ûϢ
վǲãĴϣ
룬һΡ

ۺ翪ʼϡ
Ϊ޾æŴ飬ôҲùʱ鷳峿ƿţһԺӰӵӵĹֵʱȫˡ
ϲʺϲʺϥϲ¶ޣߵķۣԱϷ׺ʱķڡ
ϲӡǰϥϲϴΪױǷɱ˼ʱ
ӳܳһµɴ۾
Ƿ۷ڣ͵ؿԱߵ㣺ʲô˼
ͷʥּΪʺ󣬴ǻͬ죬ǽա
ʥּʮǰµġ˵ˡ²ǰ
ѾԼױµ˼
²ùҲûʺùʥּˣҲ׼κ͸¶ڷ磬Ҫʺշתࡢʹ࣬Թźá
ʹ룬ҲԼĪûڶʺ
ţصͷֱӻʺݡ
ʺο˵֮ǰ඼ᣬſģױ°ɡ

ãȻ
ֲǿˣҪȢʺ
ЩΣȴоʲôˣֻӻơ
ôſѽ̲סЦ˵ȢʺҾ͸ûϲ𣿡
ҲԸ檣ͱĹ޸ͬһɷ򡣡˵ѵҾԸ⿴ҵĽ𣿡
ҡҡͷֱˣ˵ǻȥɡ
Ҳޡ
л˵


59 
ǽס
˻ϲӱû̿,¶㷲ɫ
ʺӭʺŮ̲ס̧ͷǱµʥּ
峺λŮ٣˵ҿּҪҵͷ𣿡
һ,Ů˲ŵòҰףګګ
ҡҡͷ,תҪȥ
̲ס׷ȥ,˵΢֪ŭ,Ըɻ,¶ֻñŭ,ܽ⡣
Ҳ֪
ӣɳ,ûʲôİ취
ȻСȴ϶˵,ȻбΪĴԣ΢֪δκηּ,빬,̫ҽΡ²ȥһ档
һ£͡
˵˽µƢԣ²һˣֵ±ضʮֵ֮ŭԸʲôδزϴӦ
𣿡
˵ý㱻ūeʦԤΪĸ,ȢҲý,ҶԸȫ,ҲšֱҪȢң˵ʵѾ﾿ʲô
˵ʲô䲻˵ʵýһҲͦõģýʱԸ޸ˣȻʹľѳۣ˻ʵֻۣҪúöý㣬ýܻԸһԶ޵ġ
һ
λٵĻʺ󣬿ľګҲñ˭ֻĵ̫ƣԸ͵ذݣӲ˵
Ȼ˿ȻԸΪޣԷΪ٣ȻҲöʧܷ׼м᣺²ǵ¹µ־۹־ֻбĻʺֻǴΨһĻʺ󡣡
Ȼ
֪ڵҪôִ
Ҳȷ˵ף޾̲ǾɱȨý㡢Ѿû̫ѡء
оͿģҪ
ð죬͵˵Ҳҽһɷ򣬸ҽ檣ҪȢ㣬ϵףǣҪȢҡ
ҿԼ޸Ҫҽ㲹
˵ҽ٣պҽϲˣΪͻ飬ЩҲӦ𣿡
ûʺЩִ֡
¹£ҲδжֵÿΪǻʺýݣ¹˼ɻʺЩֱӵֶβʹ
۱빬һ£ã¶ʲô꣬ǡ
ͷһԣ֪أ
ڴǰ´Ӳܾκ󡣡
Ĭ˺ܾá
㿴ڼҵؾ붯ҡ
ʮĻԼʮ꣬÷µġ
ð죬վ¼ͷЭ˵ɣױɡ

ฮ⣬ͷܶ೯վ£
ү΢
죬հŮͽ飬үһ𣿡
үүɵΪ°տǰΪĸūeʦ׿ԤԣˣҪһλ˳ӦĹĸϲаʱɲ̰ͼɵĸ󣬰ɽ𺣰
ү
΢ȫ
Щһʵ̫
ЩʲôȣǹฮǺǶߣ
ү̴ӳ˵ЩǳйԱѫ󡪡
ߣ΢ŭүԲʲô˾˴ү徻ȫϳȥ
΢
΢һ͵תͷվſڵˣ֣ôˣ
ҶˡӲ԰ףݻƽͣ˵һ仰̲סԣ߿ȱߵ͵˵ǽһǶ˵ʲô
΢ȫӲֲԸźӹɵ飬ֻܵӦ
Ϊ׵ļλѫ߽ฮ֮ǰε˵ĻⰲЩżվں棬ǰĿݵƹµҳɽЩɫŵĺǼλλĸ߹١
鷿ǰ̴ͨɽһǰһƿš
㡪
ɽ߽ȥ˸һ۾Ϳˡ
һݣ԰ײݣͷѾȫףᾲżغ£󣬷ϵֳݣѪѾݰܵݽȥ
ʹˣ˾ԲԳ̬۽ϸϸ·˫̧ʱͶĿ⣬͸µĴ֦źĵľ
˺һϣɲǼ䣬ʮĻصֻͷϡ
ⰲʶһɫס
֮ǰЩҰٿȻȥĪӿһɻ⡣
ͻȻðһͷǲǲò£
ɽɫҲ˱䣬ͷ׷벡ܵݣĵ׳һɿĿ⡣
ǷʱҴֵܣΪ˻˼ʮ겻˲ӣµ۵ǻѹɳĸ£ףΪڵü
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ɽȲˣҪһѣҪذƽܵظΪϲµ۷һصͶ״
ɽԹؿܣ㾹ţһڲڣ
һֱڿԣţ̧ͷ˵飬Ǻ⣿
ɽʱ¶ޱȵ顣
һֿŵү֪ɣǰİŮ֮գɱ̫һգ´æĺŮضû꣬ͱڸУؿչ롣
һ
ǱɣҲûпҹɽЦⲻҪذˣҪҹʺֻ
ɽЦƣǸϲ£һڹµµۻֶŮ빬һλء
һֱĬĺ͵̧ͷ
µ빬գͰ빬У̫ҽϤΣΪɥɽݶ΢΢Ťɱֶɩʷλµۣƻٹ˭֪ϲūeʦ׿ԤԵĹĸ֮ŷ̱ߵഫаٹٳ飬Ϊɽȹ̣׷²Ϊʹ̣ͬ˫ͬգ¡

ɽ̲סЦܰܣһӲֵѪãΨһСŮҲҪʵĻʺ󣬱ģٹӡ񲻾ǧʷǱ˽ֵЦ
ɽ΢̲סŭ𣺡סڣסڣ
ŭȻֹ
ĿۿţJӰλ˻ΣȻʺѪ
ۡ

֡
΢ɴͫӷӦ֮ǰѾӺ˺ѷκ
֣
л˵
쵽


60 
̫,ʱ߻δڹ˾Ϳʼæµ
ʵǴӣǵǻ,ǵۺ飬ûʢϲ¡
ʱʵ׼µ⡣
ڹ䵱ҹҹӽŴ,˶ΪɩΪ,гΪʶȤ̨Ϊʱ,ȴ,ٹ˶Ϊʹ,ռūeʦԤ԰ʱ,һ¶ƫ,֮
Ҫ˵λҪӽСʺǸǴ棬´鵱ƹ,֮ʮսھۡвŲ,˭Ҫλɰԭ䣬ƫƫʥּ˼ʺ󣬲󣬻д죬¼˰ƣʹ䣬ǻͬգͬ,޲ȫ°նڼΪۺ,ԸԵۺǧһӶźá
ܹתЩ,ȴ¶ֺŷµ۸¡
µᣬȴĵĮƽŵţѵôôɫ
ԶεԬűʾҵҵ¼µУһû˵
е㷢µ̧ͷͿվڿľǰ˵
ϴδ󳯻Შ˹һ֮ߣͣˮ
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61 
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ûºܹͣܺɣĻЩ״󳼵ľȫɱѪʬء
ΰԣ׿ʶػκеƷУƢ㱩ŰʱĮƽʹݣܹܴûô̵ʶλۡѪҲԱɱȶħĹ
ܹܺ˼ţȻȻҵĺ亰
𣡡
Ļ𣿣
𡪡˭˺ѷεغฮˣ
ܹӡ䡱һ
ۿźƴĶͣ
ǰĵٿȻס͵תһķ
þõţ·һεʯ
ܹܴûм顣
ֻ㱷·顣
ܹͻȻʮ̹ͣУ˾յСͯӣ̫ȵҹ磬λľͷɢ̻¶žƱ߳裬ƵԱʵĴյƣλӣȻЦŰνɱˡ
̫ȵǸӡ
ǸӣˣΪᡣ
˻
µۺ˳ȥĽڷƮӰһ֧ȥ޻صʸһͷħĹ𺣡
ܹ˵ԼΪ˵Ŀ־壬·ɲǼ䣬춼Ҫ̮
Ȼ𣡡ܹԼ˺ס£
¡

޾һǰ
ܵһ𣬰ԺճһƬ𺣣˻ҽˮ
޾ءضŻɵԺ䡣
˵˴ӴʲôģԸȶöûϵ
𷢷ˣӦˡ
عȥҲԸˡ
˵ΪдġΪɡһа٣˵˵š
Ϊһлл
ΪĻա
⵹ӳͫУٿȻͫճֲͬɫ
΢ˮȻŤͷХµۡ
ĵ룬ͷ
ƭ
ƭ
ٲͷٲø
ٲ

һٱһ̣Ѫ˺ѳ


63 
·һξѡ
¹,ڳĻУΧľĻ˺ѡ
ūeʦ,Ӧңӡ
һþ޾,ӰǺ,۾,ΪһԹ,ңӵһ
ңӳϹʥɽɽǧϰʮһеķң,,ң䡣
һ,ԣϰˮ̶̼ǧ,,Ϊʥ֮µһˣҲٹ꣬Ҳٲǧ֤꣬ܵʥ֮λ
Ϊߣֿ˫֮˳ԵذܾԵ,ʥŵͬ,Ů,ȻǡڽԵʱذǣһԵеͰֻȻȻջأȥȴһԵ
ЩĹܻ᲻ţͼ鰮еϸɳͲĹºȴĮǰǱᣬЩİ⡣
һλ֮˹ǰʹޣһſŻ飬ͷԹ޶𣺡Ū˵İܵӦҪ㣬ⱲӶõ
ңʱֻЦܰҲƲ𰮣ңװܶˣԶҲȥʲô
˼䣬ңŪģһζλ鰮̾ͨʥ˵Ĵֱֻʣһϡ
ңӷֻ֣һϣôҲͻƲˡ
ӹˣҲûȤζ
ȥ˼䡣
ǳĽֵѩѩ׷֧ϥڶ¥¶Сߣů¯Сź¾ơ
ƥͷһŵͣ£һŮ߳ɫ֯ȹΪ䣬һ׺¹ãһ˼主ĵ
ߵ¥£ͷЦʣԶԶ˵أðʣˣ
ңӺһھƣ˵˭
ŮЦǴ˵صİˡ
ңЦһʫдѩһơ
ŶŮӺ棺дʫĴ̫ˣ֪˿һλʫ˵£ɣʥһλʿ
ңȴ˵㲻֪ʱѾˡ
˵ɽʱ֮ܣˡŮӲΪǵĮЦСŮԺúģ˵һ𣿡
ң޿޲ɡ
ܽ価캯ˮĺײ𡭡ֻǰϣѩ
Ůͷûƺɡ
Сң˵һ䣬ֻһ䡣
Ůһ㶣漴ݸЦ
Ʊңңྴ
ѩ˳ĴˣԼĪӲϡЦţԸһ׾ƾ
ԸƤգգ۾ɱǰķȣøһ㡣
ǣǴƵĹ
ΣֻݣҩֳһܽٲȴħĲҩǸʱ˼Сħȴ˵Ҫֳȡ޻ǻ
ѾѪֳȴһִĻҪѪˮҲβ˲пֲꡣ
̾ңȴúȤЦ⻨أÿ˵Ѫˮܽ˵Ѫÿ죬˵Ѫȴֹֻͣ
ʮʱֻô꣬ȴһ͸ϲ͸
ңʣҪʲôҪҪȨ󣿻һλɾ
Цﱧһ軨ͷֵЦȻҡҡͷ
ʲôҲȱ
˵ֻ֡
ҲǱ仰򶯣ңӾԸ
ңӰˣûаһˡ
Ǻ˶һ
ûаһˣҲûһؿݵذ
ĳһ죬Ƶҹ磬̻ȥи磬ңӰȥ¥Ⱦơ
ҹɫĻ䣬¶̨ŵ³˼ƻһһȾơ
֮ɽ˼䣬һ˵غȾơ
ȻһСﾡͷܹƿĹ߳ͷ
Ҿ֪ЦССľ̳ƣҴϯ˳һǲ˵á
¹ϣЦӯӯվרעſİĺӡ
ӳ˼¶ȡ
ƺУңӿ·ԼľȻѡ
ûһ̣ʶǺ˶һ
ȴİû᳤ߣֻϧÿһÿһ̣ޱȴءذ
ٷҲҪİܡ
ң޵ңҪңϷ˼䣬ܶˣһˡ
ңӵһθе־壬־屻Ҳ־
ңûǵתǱػɽչء
֮ÿһ궼еŵﳵеɽ£ƸɽɽţĬĬңңþòԸ뿪
ңӵȻ֪˼ɽе²ͬÿǳٵʱأվɽĬظ
һѪ
һһ꣬ʱ䣬ֱһ꣬û
һ죬ĵĳѪ㣬ӲлмУһѩ͸Ĳݡ
ңӳɽŷ֣˼ѹꡣ
ĩ֣һ߹ĵķ¡
ұԭصÿ䣬ҵķڣ
ķڣšɫıΪ˪ƣǰ棬ӵĺ컨
ң£һѪǰһ컨ϡ
Ǻ컨㣬һѩ׵Ĳݡ
ңЦ
ԭܽǵĲݡ
Ҫ´İޣϲʹһ˻ͷѪҩ
λ޹ˡ
ӣڻǰܸ˰
İ
ûü˵һǸ
ɽĴѳʥţΪΣʥλΪۣԼ壬ƴܵĻþ
ΪƬþȡΪūeΪƹķأ˼ʼѲɣ񡢲ʿһƬһء
ǼѪȻ󿪻þŵǿҵİ޺Ѫ꣬ʮ꣬ʮɰֱ꣬Ϲ䣬ֱµǬʢ󣬴ƬƬĳѪþÿһ䡣
ѾޣҲŲסҪˡ
ĵȴǿҵĿ;һɢѾʲôϣ
ʱ򣬾ʱ
þٻųӿʵͷ磬ӿӿẢϢ
ܵˣǿᡢҰĲȻųϢŮ׾ʶʻ
֪꣬ٸꡣ
ڵȵˡ
л˵


64 

̮,һɹȫ˵˻𺿽С
յʹʶһ˲ıʹ,Ȼ˺ķΰĿֻ⡣
ֻֿŴŻںޣ޵ɱ,ӿµˢԺ,޾͵۾
ŭɤ﷢,ͷȫǺˮ,ȫھҵؾ.βһͷ˱Ұ,ǱȴҵѪ
Ȼź֪ܵ塣
޾ȫӲ,Ƶ,ûӦ͵صͷŮϤݡ
֮ǰ׷ҵļͨͨ,޾һʱ˵,ض
Ȼ󰢳ͻȻۡ
޾û뵽ôˣȫֱȫ֪ʲôӦֻԺзӿֱĻͷ
һۣͶ޾ҪĿֲ
߰ļһԳʶǰǻģһƿתͳʵ̨ȥ
޾̶˵ʲô,ֱӱƿ,˵һ,ȥץֱۣһܿ
ŭһ±
ԴʹںУһ̨ܣշŹӣ󺰣飡
˹ȥһѱס紵ҡһֵĳ飬ڵϡ
ô𣿡
ҡҡͷû˵ʲôһ޴ķ˴̧ͷңңңӡ
ңվڷ·ͨĸ̨ϣѪϸѩ׵ĲݾȻƬƬ飬ڴл׷ɵѩƬӿǰһԼŮӵӰ
λƵĹǡ
ĳɹˣ
һȴҲ̲סſ
ǵעУңиֳϲֱۣҪסǴŮӡ
䣡
һ˲ŮӵӰٿȻѩƬǧţأɲǼ˷ȼܵĻ

볤һʱԡ
Ȼʧˡ˵ǽźҲǣ߻ɢøɸɾֲʿżôֻǣ޻ѵõôȥˣҲܰ˸
˼ʮķ裬һڡ̾һû˵ҲãˣҲûźˡ
ȼĻȴþฮĻЩַŵĻ
żһͬģֱµʹʱԶʹµľĺ;
ͻȻƵǰܡ
ңۿǵǧƬ
άǸſֱ۵ơ
һѪƮС
ңӿѪþûг彥黯ӽſʼ񱻴紵ɳѣƮɢ
ǰȴͻȻŮŨر˻ƵĺǸþģδ𣿡
ңתͷǸС
ãǺˮۣǱ㲣۾ȼڵĹ⣬ǺƵĹ⣬
Щδ𣿡СؿĻᷢ𣿡
ңû˵
ѾƣߣֱĮȻҪˣȻҲԲ˵ҪתͷȥͻȻס
ĵĳѪƮŮ
ǰĻһŷӦ·Ų˲䣬Сĵ֡
ſССģ껨Ʈġ

ңӺȻЦҲЦ
껨ֿãȻ޴С
ԸٻصˣϲС
ҲΪǺ񣬶ֵǰƼʹںʱþеֿݵذһ쵰
ϲС
ң룬ôܲԸ
С껨ңӵġ
ǻþδң˵ǻĩشһоĸֶдעƴ£Ȼߡ
ߡ
Ժֳ︡˼ҳĴս߽ĺ˪ݣĵĲʦ壬гؼҿһذľĹ餡
Ƕǡߡ
ˮ֪ʣ֪һУҾͿȥıˣԲԣҿԸıˣ
Ҳ롣ң˵Ҿܲʥѳɽţþȴɼʱ⣬ڵģ
ˮ¾һȴɴ
ңЦʱ˲ܲ
촽ʼŴŹҧ촽ҡͷ
ĵĻᷢڰο
Ҳǿ˵ҲţҪȥҿԸıķ
ңЩŪһ𣿡
ڷȻ˵һΣעһ𣿡
ңͻȻ޻˵
Ĭһ£Ц˵öԡ
һΣǧٴΣҲȻô
֪ˣͱضҪܣǿˣ֪ᱻƴĳ飬ҲԸܲȥ
ңЦ˵ϲ㣬ҲЩϲˡ
ðɣС˵һ˵
Ϲһ˵ڱϹŸϵļԪǸĴ˰˰һƺƳӡ˵˽ڤӣи׼ȷ֣֮˵Ľ磬ŹǻǷУֻ߽أȻһǱϵ
ϧ֪˵ʱѾ˻þ뿪ңЦڣҰ˵㡣
۾һ
ǹⱻ˶
ʣҸȥҵƬ
Ҳ֪ңȴ˵Ѿ̫ԶĴ˵ˣûʵҲֻһ翵Ĵ˵ڴ˵У֮
߲ɺ˵Ĵ˰Цһˣôҵߵڤ

۾
ͷ죬ȴ˵ôϣѽ
ңЦţҡҡͷ
ָ̧֣򰢳ĳѪΧƽӿɲǼȥѪ
ҽҪȥƬþã˵ãʱеϣһ컯ЦСͬĶҲδǰߣ£ҡͷҲһգܴ˭Ҳ漣
ѪĹУһƹӰɫ
ӯӯ⣬ָ⣬Ȼڰա
ͷ⣬ң
ڻǸңߣӵһ黯
ңЦüչδЦ˳쿪
ſ֣ģžԶʱ⣬˵ӡ
ǡ˵Ѱˡ
ٿ黯ΪӰǧѩƬ·ѩ׷
㱻꣬ѩڶ¥֧ϥԱ¯ů¾ƣ¥ŵĳܻͣ޵߳ͷЦӯӯ˵ԶԶ˵أðҴƣ
ֻǰϣѩ
л˵
Ұһ׸裬СɽʵС㳪ģֿ̫ˣҿ迴Űģоأ裬ҸоһдʮŰbushi
һ³ܾ



65 
ʧ
,ļ̯֣ĵĳѪѾʧ,һССĺɫԲ飬ĳֲӡ
ʲôɣǳѪӣ
ǳѪңӵǶμ,Ѫӱǿģġ
ˣ𣺡ܰ
δ,ƬĻ˺ѵıֳֽǧѺ,Ƿ׷׹,Ļ
ܾҪ̮ԶĴ󺰣ߣȥ뿪
.ʯ˷,ЮŵѵĻ,ײ,䡱һչâʢ
̵һᣬ,ܡ
ȥĶ𣺡ȥ뿪
Ҫժ޻ݣҪժ޻ݡ
ʱʲô޻ݣŭ𣺡ȫ,ѹ֮ǰЩݾͺľȫ֣ûˡ߿ߣ
ƴ۾ģҰйȻصһ𣬴ĳѪͨͨή޻ݻûü;ͻѩ׵⣬ƮɢڿС
˲ˡ
ûժ޻ݡ
ħô죿ʦô죿
ôôôôûãôѹôղŲǵժһ䣡
ۣΧڿһڻ߼ĳѪ
û,ֻҪ޻,Ҳҩ
ңֳôһƬѪ,ҲҲûȥĥҲֻݣʲô֣ǲҲֳ޻ݣ
͵ȥ
ˣȥˣˣ
ǿҧ̵֣˿ģҪǻͬѪһץסʱ򣬾޴ӱסصüҪϡ
޾Ӳˣ컨ȼգ
޾̶һһĵǿӲסİ͵
ڴ֮͵رѹֵİȫɿֲС
ؿڣоŰ߲Ӱ߻˺ѣĺĺУ̵β
ۣ֪Ϊʲôβ顣
Ǭأūeϣеȴ͵վ
ͷ𺳵ؿҹĻը⣬ǹ̫嫣˵Ǻӱקס˺ѤöɫƬҹɫ
ԼĪֻϹŵ棬ֺķɡ΅̾صߵʱգ׺Žһּ䣬ƺʢķɣҵȺߣҲֻܴӴ˼Լһˡ
س΢ţ֮ʲô¶ǵɫţʱ֮кūeܾǻˡǣܾˡ
ңӡŲɫ˵ߣ̹ȥȰѺǴ
ħվһߣҲעⳡһͷԶԶæܵħࣺ£ЩһﶼǱˡ
ʮֵεõİΣϣߣҲߣ
⻮ħŸҶ׷Զԭȳȥ
ղõĹ⡣
Щ̻ըõģʢţɢڲҹĻյû硣
ըĹųβ׹䣬ӻþĵǣҲ˹⣬ȵӿУȻٿȻ.ƣʡ
оԼΪڽڽڰθߣķʮżͻƵԪӤھ磬һͬ忪̰ӵĺӿţˮ忪ԪӤڵ
վңңɽԭƽȼһͻƵ⣬˻ʦ֡εʦ㣬˪ɽĵʦ㣬˫ĺʦ֡
Ƕš
ۿȣ̧ӣҲ˲
¸첲ſ޾̡
ڸ߸ߵɽۣӴݵѣһ޷ݵǿ·ŤʱգŤ죬·־֣һжע׵ͷ
ˡ
Ϊۻʣһոµһ谭ƴбΪ
֪ÿ޸Ц
ͷӣãȥ
ܣߴȡǬüԵķעգڰбҵ˲Ȼը˷ըҫ۵⣬ڸס޾ԶͻƵĻʿǿ̫鲨
޾ҪΪɱħܽб˲ҪΪڡ
һը鲨ӿģ۵޾ü΢˶
ʱ仺ȥ˲֪ٸڵȥ
ɿħ֮ǰˡ
壬Ƿ껺ڵϡ
Ⲹǣݣ·һϸĹʡ
ƺ̫ǹʺܿ챻Գصģ
ѾڣҲƽҲ˵صɽ¶ˮ˭Ҳ塣
޾̧ͷ䵭
ûˣ͵ͷʰǬ
޾̱ͷԼԼ²֮ǰѹֵŭһ³߹ȥ֮ǰʲôܾ̮˶֪ܣ㵹ߣҿ֢ˡ
˵һûõ޻ݡ
ûõûõ޾ŭδЦŷ̵ܾû˭Ϊͣϸ
ͣʱ̫ˣһֻҪȡô࣬Ҫ͵޻ݾǰƴһҲõ
֪ˡ֪˵öԣ˵ʵ̫̱ĬĬŸӵأֱ˵Ƥһȣ֪ˣһ֪ȵңлл㣬лл˰ɣ
޾̿Ǿǿģһ
ءղǼΪ
ҧǿ˵ûҪɱħҲҸġ


Ǳߴͻƽ׷׻ϵһ
ͻȻԼɡ
ӣ˵߰ɣȥҴҰɡ
˼ûжתӿ
޾վ΢üۣ䵭

޾û˵˰죬Ȼ̧֡
ǣҡ䵭˵˭֪һԶޣҪ˻ɣҵļƻ
Ƿޣֻδޡ
ĬĬ˵ԥһ£߹ȥǣס֡
ŮССָָǻиոձ̳ļСݣָðסָ⡣
֪ˡС˵ỵµģ˵ɣˡ
޾̴˽յ֣սָ߬ס֡
յôҲֿһ
ƽǰߡ
޾ǣţ޾Ҳû˵
˲Լͬûþ¡
һ˻һˡ
ūeܾԶ֮ǰܶ࣬ܶ˶ΪԼܾУڲųߵʦֵܽҲΪΪͻƣҶܸˣ˷ܻѯΪ
ôͻ𣿡
ͻˣͻΪе㲻ȣȻȥٱչؼ꣬ûˡ
ҲǣѾԪӤڿˣ˭뵽Ȼôͻˡ
ֲö˵ūeܾµһء˸̾ħƶϾ񾳡
ǰǰ
λң𣬲Ǵߣʥ֮µһˣ֮컯
˳Ĭһ£С˵ЩþҲ̫ʵЩ
һʱž
ǶңþУΪþǧɫһԱе˳ӣе˽ʿеĳ˷С䣬һϷۻ˼ʵİ
Сʣôˣ
֪Աҡͷֻȼ˻˽ฮȻҾûʶˡ
һ࿴ֱ˴˵ļ伸ͣһ̡
Ҳң֧Ųסþþˡ²⣬Ҷе
ۣ쿴
ԱͷָգĽ־˵ʦ࣬ʦ֣˪ɽĵʦ㣬ͻƻˡ
ͷ⻯ľ޴ŻɢӰڵϡ
˪ϥڵϣվڽУҵ𵴡
ԶվŻ࣬ʯ𶯸ոµ
һϸӰߣλ˻Σæȥסá
εɫ԰ףѪա
þ̮ⱩҲͻˣǰһͻƣضչ¶Ըˣѹ£Ҳ˱ɡ
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˵û£õһꡣ
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Ѫޱ仯üͷ
ûá
̧ͷɫװŮ߹㣬Įģġһ߰
·ֿ˼ǳһаġ
Щ㱡
ѪԱߣ뵽ķҶˣЩѪ޷޻ݡ
εÿһǿӣΧ˵˭ժѳ͵޻ݣԸκζ໻
Χ¶ɫ׷ҡͷ
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εȻ
ô졣ż˵ʦ֪ܲ
֮ǰⷭžɵֻ˳Ѫȴû˵ô޻ݡԱߵԬҲ߹ЦѪֻūeֹܾΪֻҪȻ޻ݣ˭뾹ˣ֮£Ҳֻūe֪ʹķ
ܾѾˣūe˲ǶˡＱеǿô죡ܻܲȡò޻ݣǡħ֡
εҲż߬֡
˪ݼҶûõ޻ݣڣһ£Ҫ
ʱŲԱߴ
˿ȥ˲
һһŮǰ棬Ůں棬ͷ֪ʲôߵ˵㣬תͷȥһ䵭˵ʲô
ԶԶǣ֣ĥĥ

ԶԶһĻ֪ģȻԼͬ˳Ĭ
Ϊʲôʹܲһ
л˵


66 
ҿ޾̺ͺ,鶼е㸴ӡ
Ͼ֮ǰңѴͶþУ۱ͶʲôݣΪðۼ֤ŹӶչ,µ۵¼
˵ֻǻþеĸ֪̫ʵ,ôڶе߲
ȥεü
ڻþ,λµɱ,˻,εʦǿ빬
⡭
εüɫҲЩڡ
Ǹң̫ˡֹĻþⲻǹҵĹϵ𡣡
˪ü,ҡ
ս߽,֪淢ʲô,ԼЩ졣
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ΪȻصͷ,λūeȷʵ費ǳ,ôҵħ֣̫ݶˡ
˱ۣع侲
˵ǻþһԼͣᣬǨŭ޾ϡ
ε³򶨵صһͷʱȻôҿЦ
ĿӹԶָ̲꣬סһ¡
޾̺Ͱҡ
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ִ޾Цкʹһ֡
ҿ޽ٸ˻ֵӣԱ޾䵭ȴվԱߣûа鲻ڣ˻֮ǰһǶǳþǴ޻־磬ʱˡ
֮ǰ֪ΪαŵһٿȻˣܹȥԿʰõ޻õѪ䲻޻ݣͷһ궼ûС
һ궼ûУ
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һ߬Ѫ޻ҪͷѪңǵĹǰô±ʹľ²ƽʱ߻ˣѪһҩ
ʱҪٿһͺˣҪǰ޻õڸô졭
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С𣺡һꡣ
˿޾ȡһ޻ݣһѩ͸ĲҶ߱һոɣֻʣ°ꡣ
һֻʣꡣ޾˵Чһ룬Ҳùˡ
˪һֱû޾ó˰꣬ĬĬڵ˻
ѹħħ֣޻ݾ㹻ˡ
˴ɿ˵̫ˣħֵˡ
˳ңûʦǵ
޾ɫ޻յݵǰ
ʱ򣬲ħҲԶԶͼһƬ⼲۶׷ء
ö
ħһסεü򽹼´ôˣ
˪ݡ

ʦ𡱡š
ҳҲ׷ԼҺӣſ˿εãֿ۹վĻ࣬ĳȥӣô
ŲϤݣ۵׺ɬ̲סС˵ʦ壬ʦ塣
һ£ͷúӣˡ
ҵ˵͵޾ߣ񣺡
޾۾ŲԶڲ˵İһ
磬û¡εҡͷס֣˵磬Ҫллȡ޻ݡ
ħһ㶣ǰ޻ӹȥħߵĴס׸ħ
ħѩ͸ҩݣһţپԺһ壬֮ǰԽҵʹͱŰɨ֮һա
޻ݣЧ
ħ񣬾Ŀ⿴޾̣͵عȥһ򣺡Сӣ翴㲻죬Ǹбµģл㣡μһ󹦣ȻȥҸ㿪أ
޾䵭ڸָӵĿд򾲣ֻ˹֡
˵ʲô飬³һ˵ȻѾõ޻ݣɢˣǶˣȸԻȥϢ½˵
ħˣȲȥ޻ݻʹ࣬ˬػ֣߰߰ɣΰңҼˡ
ޱ飬תˡ
޾̣ͷĬŲ뿪ˡ
޾̿ŰıӰ񽥽仯
þõسĬվû֪ʲô
εȴԶԶ޾̡
λ꿡Ļþһľ
öħδκס򣬹ЦţҲ߰ɡ
εջߣӣ˵ʲô˼ûаѻþе˵ֻͷá

صƽԭħ׼չء
ͷʹѾˣħ磬޻ħֵ
ħǣεõ֣öҡ
ε飬ͷ磬Ҫúõġ
ħɫݣ§˵ұضɹҳǬǲȥĵطû˭ָֻܶţʱǾʹ飬ҪһĻǣ˶֪ҵħ󣡡
εΪЦ˵ЩʲôúóҰĲҪġ
Цͷһڣת߽硣
£εվȻ˺һź˺磬˵ȥɡ
صε齱ߣ
ܲܿƵػǸþ淢һС
Ҫɻ飬ȴߣ޸ƹǻµۣ빬У׼檡
Ǹµۣ
ε֮ǰ޾ûʲôҲû̫ӡ󣬶̶̼֮Եֻǵλ忡صĹӣӳΪʦõĻԼʦأ˵¼ϡ·жȣһΪȴ嵭ͣɷơ
һˣδ컯
ε飬ǵֲ߬
ֻһþţҲϿǣеĸ̫ʵˣҲ̫ˣں£ģԼ䵽ľء
С㡣Ա˲Ůٻһ̧ͷԼСɫҰף߬ǵʱôˣĶ
εһجξѣץסٻ֡
ٻץۣȴҽۣ̻ӣС㡭Сôˣ
ٻεһ˵㣬ȥһ¡
СԸ
εڻعؿһǿ侲
ȥȥһЩȥϣ˵˵Ǳ¸лϵ޻ݡ
ٻΪʲô£æǣūһȥ
Ȼ󡭡
εҧŴһ£˵ˣ˵һ˵ܾˣ񲻺ͻƣǳ
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67 
Ÿ硣
㡣
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ܵĻ,˴Ļ,ɥһѩ׵·վڻЦض˵ټ
ҡ
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ӣܹ,СʣҪˣ
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ܹŽͼ޺齱ߣ֧иСأȭŶǣӰסӣֻŵ,ɳ,Լ¶԰׵ؿƤ,һϸϸѵɫ
ܹܲ
ūeܾԹϢ䣬ԲȲ˻طޣӰ˯ҹں㤶ѣռҹ׼˴š
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ӿҪЩʳܹСĵ¹ͷһ֦ۣݾǿǱ߸տʮβ㣬Сһ
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Ů˵εСܾˣûͻƣǳ䣬ս㲡ܹ˵Ůʮֲ̣ðңӿж޻ݣʲô챦ɻãҲħֻԸΪεСǡ
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ܹ֮ǰѾĥʱԺ޻ݣԼһ꣬ȥٷһ꣬һȥεС㡣
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ܹ˼ȥõ⣬ˮҲ˵ȣҲ˼
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޾̴ۣǶ˶񻯽ҹɫӰ
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ܹܴƬ̣ʶָٷˡ
⡭
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޾Լ˼Уûõģֻ߻ҰѵŽʲôʲôɱ˭ɱ˭˭Ҳɱֻ֣ᷴѵͱҡ
۰
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ʱԥˣˣЭˣľ˼.ںܵĹǰ
ǰ֮Ѫ졢˹֮ʹ
ٲ᷸Ĵ
޻ݣȥܹ˵ºͣʲôҲػȥתεС㣬ʲôҲȱֻˣҵһ⡣

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еĪǿҵĲȴѪ˿ͫвҳһֻõͷګګӦ¡
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ʹһ
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68 
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ܽȥܵ齱,ʦ,ϥȥ
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š
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ƴϲһˣһѵͱԸվ޾ǰİһΪкҲһ˳е,ôǣļ,ôܻεǧ,ĵ
̫ˣ̫ʹˣܲˣ֪˺ѷεؿޣ޷װʲô¶ûؼȥԸĵİȫԶ̫ƽҲļˡ
ڣֻһþһжû
ҭС˵ʦȥܾңһܡ
˵ҪսˣˣضҪкܶ
ҲšضȺʦ֣Ⱥöˡ
ȥһ·
ֱۣ°ֱСӣ֪ѣңǿǰֻȻһˣʧˡ
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ÿ˶ÿ˵Ҫȥһõ۾սȥƽսң͵¶ıȥȰҸȫȫ⣬һƴʢ
Ҳλңֻܸ߰ڤڤе⣬ݵйһָȥ׷Ѱʹ
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Ҫ޻ݣѪûõõĶǳѪ
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ʱʱû顣֮Աǣ²۵Ҫ޾̹ͱһʱѪܲܽ䡣

˼˿ԡ
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еڨڨСС֣ûûУҪЩϸ
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ѽ
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ҺҪ޻ݣûУһ㶼ûС
ĺҪͷʣ˭Ը⣬һһ޻ѽ

С߿̵ͫ𵴡
ͷֱ

һ磬죬ܳȥͿһվ⡣
һް߱Ŀ纮ǣһ
һȫû뵽ˡ
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֪뷨ֻͣһʱګګ֪˵ʲô
㡭
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ŶеΣͷС˵㡢ңʲô𣿡
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޻ݡ޾͡͵𣿡
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ƿԣҡҡͷ˵ͦæģû棬ûüҡ
εΪ޾ڣЦ
ε꣬жġεҲ˵ʲô飬ҪȥҪɣжģʹһ뻻ʲô˵꣬תͷ뿪
ûü˵һ䣬ıӰʧ
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ҡ޾̾һֱεʦеø
е롣
Ҳ񻰡
֣ɶ񣬻쵰ط¡
ĬĬ룬ܸ쵰أҿ鲻֪ƭڻþﻹεʦĲεʦǿء
˻ԴЩ߰뷨׵˵ôȥ޾̰ɣҵһ޻ݡ
顰ޡһƨϱ˶ģ͸˽ǮϹŶԣҿ㻻
˰ɣϹ˽ǮñҪллˡ
Ц
ɽˮ·һ壬ͻȻ֪޻ݵϢ˶ˡ
żæŸŸ˼٣ɽžֱݸǳصĴ߰ʹ˺üŶ̳̿ռ䴫ͷһ·嵽ңԶƽԭ⡣
ŵַܵϬԷſڵʱ򣬰ͷۻðǣűߵʯ³
Ҹ˵㵱Է硣תȦָԱ߸Ż߻صİΪԼʲôʿһСԪӤѿռ䴫͵أأ³ôһµķôһôˣֲ
ǰתСǣҪNࣇNˡ
ŵҼҽǿ˾ҷŸǰʯոŻˣŷ߹ŭ⻹ûھͿ

˴󾪣붼û뵥ϥ
ٷˣ
ôƵͽš
ϬԷҲǵһֽرãƯľ£ؾŮСǷ׷׹ΪʳˮȥϢܹܴ˴ҴܹٷˣôһԼˣūȥϢ
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ܹһ⣬˵ڵڣϢء
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ܹæ˵ЩӶ˯ãϢߵҲˡ
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Ϊǳþ
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˵ҡȥɡ
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վ㡭ôôѽ
ܹȥʶ֣޾΢ֿͣܿŵģһѾץסҲûǿԱܿ
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ֻǻþʵʲôҲûȻ֪ⳡԼƵģʱҲϲģЩҲǼٵģδޣ֣ڻþԷٶĽ̫ˣҲ̫ˡ
Ŵ֪ô̧ͷȴ䵭Ŀ⣬ĮݷֱҲ飬죬ʲô˵ˡ

ͷҲһ
ÿζҪ˺壬һųҪ˺塣
Ҳڻþεʦǿ˵檣ˣԷٶǶ۶ۣҲһ˵ûþȢεʦ㣬ңĺýɽˡ
ͷÿ˵޻ݡ
޾̱俴۵˵ʲôƨɫ˲䡣
Ķ֪޻ݣ
ɫ߬ǣЦĶ޻ݣ˭˵ġ
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޻ݣһȴͺüεʦ㣬Ǵεʦ֪ܵġ
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˲ʦ֪һĻϲˣҲûһҲûʲôŲԸ
ֻҪһѵֹ޻ݸεʦ
ô˵ԵرǱʶִĻϰԵί㴦Щ¡
Ҳµġ͸ħ޻ݣôֻۣժꣿҾ϶С
߬ǵٿȻ޾ȫ
Ҳ˵ԼΪʲôͻȻɣⱾûĳú֪ʹģΪԼޱʹ졣
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ɿ֣ЦûС
Ϊ˵
ңû㿪ЦҪ޻ݡ
ͷ뵽þǾ߱Ĺ餣𶴸ڱϢ΢ħʦ
ۿ֪ʪһ㣬Ҳ
кҪҪģƭ㡣
һС˵޾̣һɡ

޾̿ͻȻʶġ
Ҫ޻ݡ
ģҪ޻ݡ


̧۾۰Ͱͳ޾̡
ССŽȴѾгΪȻΪȴҪվȥ޻ˡ
Ȼţۿءе㽩Ӳƫ
ûпֻŲԶĺ¯
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л˵


69 
ûӦһ,

޾ͻȻҶ۾
֮ǰܶೡܶ౨ķ޻ȫȥ,Ǳһֲп־Ȼ׵ĺģƵ,ʹ,֪ȫԲϲ,ԲκȨ
һзġֳĻ,ȴôҲ
ֱ۾ȼĺ¯,Ƕôϡ᲻ƿߵĶ
û޻ݡ˵ֻǰ,Ѿħ,ûġ


ĬžĳĬ
ֳĬȻ޾̸е԰
¯ȴѲķӦ
ð,߽һ૵͵͵ǡ𡣡
޾߬߬,䵭Ϊ𣬸մӻþȥժô޻ݣǰѾǼޣΪħֵһ궼ȥժ
û˵
ͷ޾ֻܿ޵Դ
ĵ׵Ĳ˵Ϊʲô,龰㿴,޻˭Ҳû,ֻݣѰЩƷָ㡣
Ը޻ݡ
Ը޻ݡ
촽Ȼʼ¡
պ죬оĿһֱյԴ࣬ͷĿѣ
ǿҵܸ߳УǿҵǱŤͷܡ
ʦڵʦڵ
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ǿ߳ܣ̧ͷ޾̰󣺡һɣˣĺҪĺҪ
޾̼޲޻ݴûֹ
Լȫ޷ִܺ˵ı밧Ỵ̂ѪһѰ
һѪؿڣ͵վŭ㲻Ҫȡ֣˵ĶԸ㣡
Ҫʲôҩޡһŭ꣬ҧҽ˻ع갿⣬ȥݵУκζҪϺĺǣҶѰ㡣
㻹Ҫô̲סͺ𣺡㻹Ҫô

Ȼᡣ
ȻˣǲԸû޻ˡ
ֻ޻ݣȫ͸εʦˡ
޻ݣԸ
ʲô
ޣ޾̺ϮһŭʲôʲôҲûУ㾳Ҳȹ̣㲻Ҫ޻ݣһҩѣʲôʲôɿ޵ģ
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˵ʲôأ
ܺãʲô챦Ը޻ݵʱһǲҲҪֻԸȫ͸εʦ㡣
ͻȻۣĴûô۹ڻþΪҪȢεʦʱ򣬶ûô۹
ô
ΪΪҪˣеϲεʦ㣬ҲŵһλٲŵڶλλҪˡ
޻ݰ
갡ǣǰ궼йϵ
Ҳ̫ЦҲ̫
û£û¡ҵͷ˵öԣ˵öԡ
Ҿʡ״ΣûҲû£Ĳˣллңԣҵûؼȥˡδ䣬Ҳ̲סŤͷܡ
޾˵һ붼û׷

ܹܹͿٷ˿ܡں׷ĳ档
ܹӶҪɵ
⡪Ŀ࣬Уôˣôˣ

ܳ⣬޾Ҫץס½ǵʱ͵˺һŴͷ
˵ռͨУؿں£޾ĿѵӰʧ

̲סڵϿޡ
ҳȥʶŭ𣺡ҳȥҪŪǸ˵
ʣŪ˭Ǳ˼ҵĶ˼˭͸˭
ŭ˵ʲôƨδжٸòĽ죡͸öãֱĹΣ
ҡҡͷ
ǰκ£ԼԸ⣬ΪͼٹôҲǿá
Ǹ쵰ҲԼԸϲ쵰ã˭Ҳֲá
ţȴʵҪ޻ݡ
鷳꣺Ƕ͸εˡ
ҡҡ˵ȥεʦ㣬ܲһһ޻ݡ
һ鶼Ҫըˡ
δĶŭȻҪȥȥ㣡
ҡͷ
޾̻쵰Ϊֺεʦ㣬͸ʦ㣬ʦûϵĨĨҲ¶ˣҪ޻ݣʦ˽⣬öʦ㻻ʦ϶Ը⻻ҡ
ȥƽԭ
ħｨݻĹԶԶ͸ܵħĽⷽصͬʱ˫ɶ̰۾ѾϣҪƤ⿴
ʴĲʣһߵħſڣصƣصӣεʦ㡣
ſڵͷִꪵǿϡؿŰ˵Ȼ
ôĵӡ
ǸСѾͷ
ǲ
һͷͷһŰ¶ǿ̰ʳþ㰡˵ŵļ䶯Ҫ˹
͵ذνֱָĿڡ
û˵һվ壬ҧССԳ־Ȼľǿ
̫ƽĽâɲǼڿΧһƬħ֮ԾֵĽֵɫ̽ʶȻУ̫
̫̫Ѿħսˡ侲𺳣⽣̫ɫûɫĽ̫ƽ̫ӽ
Ǻܵĵӡ
סٿ񽥽ͬˡ
һħ֮ǰƬħħ常һħѪɲλ˺ǬĲħĽ־ηľĽѪɲսնɱѪɲʱǸϢħͷûмǰ̫ħսħԼͬ״ǰ񽣵ģ
ħսĲֲǬħţħǿʳǿΪҲǸηǿߣԶλ彣ηӡ
ͷ˭Ĭһ£Űߣ
ѽⴹ£ȻŽͷʨ׵Ĵߡ
һŮħĵؽȺһ⣬ħɿЩɱϣڴнһ̣类̵ؾɱܿ
ʱԶһȺħأΪһ౪ײеĴأǼʹһޱ𾫴ٵĴ.ӣЩħԣκλ㻹ҷˡ
ѭȥͿһŮħעΧǰߣϸòʹͷһͷ۵ᡣ
Ĵ.ӡҺͫ¶ɫ.ʳĲб붼ûҪȥŮץԱߵĲæסˣСѾͷǺܵĵӣõ̫ƽصմħ󡣡
ͣסţſŮдյֽ
̰Լȥǿѹвʡ
ɾŮֱ
¿ѴŮͷһܲ˹ȥŮ˼ħմŭ£æסƴ˻ƴˣ̴˻ء
̸ݵ֣һ˿Ҳҵ˴£ŮŲʵ뿪
ͷס̫ƽħע侲ǰߣֱǴ·ͣ£ˣȥɡ
̧ͷһĹ߸ߵдšбʡ
һ£߽ȥ
ʦã
ŮȹŮŮĴӵп첽ɫʶׯĿ⿴¶ȣϲеɫʣ㣬һΪͨˣô
Ǽᡣ
ʦ㡣ʣεʦ㡣
εԶԶŮվڱݽ£ңͷɢűһֻˮʪë
εסæ첽ȥôˣʲôˣ
֪˵ʲô໰ӿͷĺͣȴ˵
ʦ㣡̲סޣԲ𣬶Բܲܡܲܺһһ޻ѽ
εȫȻס


70 
εôûޡ
εеӡ,λСʦЦŵģۣ,ʱ·̲סԶһֻӯС
Ȼֵֿʸ,Ǻʦĵ,ǬһİСŮ,׸ɾĵմ,ǣ,ֻƽƽ,ҲȻҸ
εʵһֱĽ
밢γĶԱ,ǰڲпѪȵħ磬ǱΪͽ,Ķ,ʤĶűµġӡħõȫƽ⣬һС
Լ߾ѪŵõһУӵˣʲôȱʲôҪȥкʦ˼ɵس谮ΪһƬ죬ԶһֺƵ,ɾ,ǿ֡
εöĽ,½֪Ľ¶ԱƽĬĬţֻҪǺʦĵӡкʦ۰ε֪Զ簢ġ
ʦ͹һˡ
εĽĽʦ԰ĳ谮Ҳеؿĳ谮ݣѡħ޳ǸˬֲãȴҲ䰮Ը٣ԸߵȨεøж־ð
ûǳþԸһһĸ顣
Ϊǳþ½ˡ
ڣεÿԼСʦСƵʡ
Բ𣬶Բ֪Ҳܹ˵¡
Ҫ޻ݡسҭŨأεʦ㣬ܲܣܸܲһһ޻ݰ
εȻ
ʦáεԥһ£Ҳûʰô֪޻ݵġ
ҪҲ
ʦáε˵ʦã㵱ãЩԸ̹˵޻ݣЩ޻ݲҵģǡ˶٣˵ġ
֪˵ʲô޷ǱƤͺ죬еƤͣͷҵ˵ͷң֪
εȻ
ΣȻ޾͸޻֮ǰûа¸߰
ε룬Ҳ޾ȫ˵ԼҪûиֱ߰ӾͰѶԼˡ
Щ޻ݣҲ𾪣ʱʱΪõģˣ˭֪εǲ֪ô˵գ죬ֻЦҲã˶
εʦ㣬ô˵
̲סʣһҡͷô˵Կ£Ķ͸ģң֪Ҳɣ̫Ҫ޻ˣҡ
ѿεڰУʣԲ𣬶Բʦ㣬֪޻Ҳãûб˼ҲҪܶ࣬ҾҪһ꣬ȻҲԡ
кܶණҩͷæóһʦҵģʦ㣬Ҷ㣬ܻܲһ㣬һС
ε¶ѹ顣
һ
ε죬¶̣ʦãˡ
֮ǰܾˣͻƼѡεüǸȻ˵ʱһͻƣһģݶ˵ҩ̷չأŵͻơ
ɲǣԱߵĴɫŮСΪͻƣݶǿˣȫ˼ռҹѪʶܾܵİˡ
С㣬Сʦãū澲˵ʲôŮ߷ߵ޻СģԹͳȥĶлȥĵҪ޻ݣ˵СĶֻ֪ѾԼĶ񷴵ƽ޹ʱδ˽˾ʵڡ
ٻεŭ߳סڣҵʦã˭
Ѿ֪˵ʲô
ͺ죬߳ǸθģǾ
ˣû޻ˡ
ưͣð죬ƲĴε
ʦ㣬Բ𡣡͵˵ĶԲ𡣡
ôҪĶεæѴȥ˵ʲôԲʦԲס㡣
ҡͷɤ̫ɬʲôҲ˵մֱ󣬶εʦЦһ£Ťͷˡ
ʦãʦã
ε׷ſڣۿŰߡ
ȥ
⻹ЩٻֹĪܹʲôء
εÿĴ᣺ʵġ
ҵСʦãҲ㿴Ҳġʣղңôģʣһ޻͸
ʵƭ˰ͻֻ޻ݣʣһꡣ
ٻһæ£С㣬򲻿ɣһ޻дõģһҪͻƣһǱҪžǶһرϣ͸ģôȥ
ʦлԼεõⱾҲһꡣ
ǿɲô˵Ҫô֮ǰûȫٻ˵¶֮ɫС㣬Ҳ飬ϲʲôԼԼģΪǵơ
ٻȻȫµˣ˭ܲСء
λȷҲʶȤٻֵ⣬־һ־Ӹµҡͷ˵Ȳֺα˼Ҳأö˼ҲԸͰܹ˵ʵ湻Ƥ
εţԡ
Ҳû뵽޾̾ô޻ݣûи߰ȫ
Ǻ»þ·̲סȳ̽ԭΪ޾ֺ޻ݣһգû뵽Ȼꡣ
ε˵ĸӡ
ôáεò߬ģૣô˵Ҳʦõķ
Ƿδϼ䣬ʲôٻæС㣬ʲô£Ľܵأ˼ϲ˭ɣʲôϵǧϡ
εţۣ̾һ
ٻ֪СϲĻġ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôСͻȻλȤٻ֪˵ʲôʲôС㰲ģңԼҲȻôġ
εŶǣԸ˵⣬ֻ˵ȥһ飬˭޻ݵϢ֪
ǡٻС㣬˽Ҫ޻ݵ£ҪҪȥҼҡȻͨĸߣ޵ıԹ
δ£Сƽ鷳ٻãӦý֪Щźá
εȴҡͷ
ܴóģ˽ˡ
Ȼ֮ǰ˳ѾֹһأλԽǿƵľԽԽΥϲǿͱˣʱøƽЩ
ʲô˵εҡͷ£Ҳٲʲô
ȥɡٻεЩƣ˵ȱ³أңʵˣȥЪһ
ǡ

ϬԷ
ӣӣ
ܹܻŴ׷ȥ׷ſڣͿٷ˺һŴͷٿȻʧ
ץȴֻץһƬ䡣
޾վ߬һƬ䲼ϣ÷
ң
ܹһ飬˵űߣӣԸ
ܹܿӿֲı飬ҧһһִɤӼȥ޻Ҫ

ܹܻԼˣãȻ
Ҫ
ͳȥҪ
찡
޾һһ䣺˵Ҫ

ܹ죬ðһԼĭ˵ҪҪһꣿ
޾޿̸һţŭ𣺡Ҫ
һ޾֮ǰʲô뷨벻
޲ҧº⣬ĥ˺ݣֻһͷ
ҪҪҪ޻ݣǸʲôҪҪҪôҪ˺Ƭˣ

ܹǰһڣͷȥ
ˣֱˣ


71 
ƽԭ뿪,ء
һ·ҿ´̼̲סڣô죿
ҡҡͷ
,ͷɢһ㣬۾ͺ,Ǳ,į
е㲻,İοɥ,˵бҩ
ҡͷȴ˵ûɥ
û޻,һȥ֮˵Զɥ,ɥʲôû,ֻҪѰϣ·ϡ
麳Ȼ
Ůӻ,ѾûЩұʹ,ݱ򾲶ᶨ
޵ʱ򣬿ԺںжǱ޹ֱ֮˭ǿ
Ȼǰῴ
ĨĨ۾ųʯߡ
ߵ״ſڣһȻһ£ץס⣬ſһѵȴʱż㡣
,Ƕ̶г,Ǻ˪ݵּ,˵ԼͻƻʱУ볢һףѾʦ±չأչ֮ǰҪ޻ݣժһ꣬ҴҴŸ
ţ촽ʼ
ŷ⣬һѩ׵Ĳġ


аٰζֿЦ
ʲô룬߬ݣŤͷ򶴸
ңɭħݺצɢЩħܵߡ
ʦѾˣһJߴˣһɽһöصĴƤŹͷ㲣˥
ʦ𡭡¾ʲôʦ֣޻ˡ
ܸɬ촽Сѩ׵СιС
޻ҡҷٿȻһѩ׵Һ塣
һ˲ž
Ȼ𣺡ˣ磡
ˣ͵ذԱߵ죬ɲǼĽӱ𣬼ͬʱħХݺײڽϣתɾ޴ķ籩⽻֯ɷܵӵ롣
㶿š
ʣǲǵЩⱻգʦ
죬Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ɣţҲ
̲סЦЦЦţڵϵᡣ
ͷþǽħƴĽ档
ʦʦ𡣡ʣһҪѹ

°޻ݡ
ʵΪѱƽڣⲻԼģ常İħ֡
ħսУ常Ѫɲͬھֻʣ°ħ֣Ѫɲڴս֮ǰеǰ˵
ǵã常վǬƵĽԣһָŲңԶɽصķһֲпζ̬
һսʤĶ֡Ѫɲ˵Ϊ֣ǻ·ǵԼȥɱһ·ֻܻһ
ˣħ֣ȥڵص˵ŻһֻСèСͷȴûһֻۣңԶķ򣬺Цܣǿ¹˭֣
常常ȥϧ۸ȥħսżѰֻʣŵħ֣æȥ
常ΰҵȴ㣬ļ̳常Ը̷ħǿʵħǨǬ磬ԴҲƬĺƴ
ѪɲȥħǿйʹҲ޷ȫٿЩҹҹײθ缲Ҳһձһձʧأȥ˶ͻħһ𱬿޻ݣڿԳȥ档
޻ݻ֫ٺ³һϲӿʶеħ֡
ħĺɫűҺˣɢŨҺħСѩ׵ڿصħԽԽмȥֱħְ
еһ־ΥɣԺһֱıˮƽħִǿӿ塣
ħ֣ԼͿ뻯ڡ
˵롣
ʱȥö飬Ҫȥѡõĵطؽһΰħʱ򡭡
ǡ
޳ʱ͵һЦ
ƣ̣ûɾѪĹͷˮѪǿನ
̫Ϥ
һ̣ͻȻĲ־Хϯÿһ䡣
ͻȻһֱǬĽΪ常һΰĹĽ常ֿ־常Ȼħ嶼֪常ΡΡǣ֪йôһλͽַ츲صĴߡ
ҳΪӵĽ̽Ĺûκεѡ
һֻ̣һͷ
ŵöһ顭

嫵ħ忪͸񷡣
ƽԭǧɽԭ۵ħħӸ̽ͷȻңԶյ
ôˣǷʲô
ħ󽫻̸ݵһŻɻҵǧɽԭ
һߴġ˶Ӱ̳߳
ңңӰʶ󺰣˷ܵͻˣ
Աߵ̸ȴ֪ΪʲôĪĸо
û˵
λպˬħ֮ת´ƬƬγݵɽԭ¶һŲп΢Ц
һΪϵĲЦݡ
ǬϦǶô
ЦͼҪһõطϦĹ


72 
ص,Ͳôˡ
·׷ϢϴڷűչأݸÿʼѲӹ,ƽԭǱߵħǰЩӳأ˵ɽͱɫ,·Ϊǡ
ǰʱ,ܹܴ,дҩġ滨,е¡
֪˵ʲô
˵ʵʱ޾̲ûԹ,,޾ʵûʲô,Ҫ֣ҲֻܹԼ̫顣
Ѿ޻ݣʦս,һǻίҲɢ,پ¡
ûն
ܹ˵ĲȱЩûȥɣ̫嶯ѾҪ޻ˣҲٷϡ
ܹܺɫ
̧ͷٷڶϣɫƽͣٲյʹǱ,ҲûоǿԹ޵,,򾲵˵Щ
ܹܼǵãȥܾ֮ǰٷȻԸװѶˡ
ôѾ࣬ٷֻ۾촽΢΢ЦȻҡͷ˵ĲҪҪȥǻòãûȥɣúһʲôʱó
ܹûκγŪ˼ϵΪ
ҲûκξѵζѾٲԸƽӵĶˡ
ܹܸеһĻ̿֡
ͣӲͷƤͼҪ޻ݣ޻Ѿþֶ顣
ȻûûضԾҲסԸ£ܹҲҸٷˡ
֪ӻô룬֪ôȥ
ܹܲòˣ˼գˣĴΣʼûɿڡ
һΣ˫ãĬĬڲˡ
֪޾Ѿ˼ˡ
ǸˣЩ˵̫ס
˵ʲôĻҲ˵ʲôĸǱϾʶ꣬гϵꡣ
ֻЩˡ
ʱԽż˵
֪ЩԽﲻ˵Ҿú֣ôãáҪˡ˵ѹͣҵĲ
˼ҡͷ˵ǶħҪ̵ˡ
ʦҲô˵ԽС˵ҡ㣬εʦ㴫Źεʦ˵ħԳغ֮ǰһ
סһ
ǡԽҲ֪ôݣ˵εʦ˵ħ˸ˣо¡
£
ʶҧס촽Իѵħֵûб޻ʣӰħ飿
죬˵ʲôȻ
䡪䡪
Խͬʱվ
ӡ
˶һۣ͵壬һ֮ܳǰѳ֣طϣ飬ҿżҡ
֪˼һۺɽҵķ˵ȥɣҸ㿴š
ԷģһʦķǿѹסͷŤͷˡ
һ·۵ǰͷܶĵԴԴվǰ棬ڼִʲô
ӶŽꡢأŷϢ
ôˣԽץסǰ˵ֱۣ˵ʲôˣ
ǰĵŭ뾪ţſǻ˵ħ˪ɽƽԭħѾƵ˪ɽˣ
Ӻ䶥Խĺɫৰףʲô
ӵǰȻ˷׷̧ͷŲ´ڳϴ߳ᣬݺǿҵŭ⡣
ߡȥ˪ɽ

ˡ
ߵ˪ɽŵʱ򣬸оԼͷ·Ҫ˿
ͷңңһƵɽ
˪ɽǬߵɽȴɽ
ͨѩף긲һ㾧Ө͸ı㣬ɽһ֮᳹䣬Ϲſѩȴ֪ѩǺģȽ꣬һˮĸ߷壬ˮ¶ϲ˪ǧײգ֪亮⣬ѩһɽͽ˪ɽ
Դµѩ˪ɽ
˪ɽ£ѵĳ·Ʈħʡ
ħɽҲ׷׸λž£һ˵ð죬̶ʲô
š
صţȻֱ˪ɽȥ
Ϊϵͽֻѹ²ܵǰտǡ
ǧĸھӢӾһۡӣĿУҴϢ³İգۣ֡
ԽվߣǱħʣûЩ쵰Ƿ𣿺ö˶˵ķʲô裿
û˵ֻ࣬üš
۷׷ףʱͻȻһħصģ
Խһݣŭ
ǴҵͷĹȥǻɫħڸͷϣóƤֽб۳˳򣺡ͽ
Ȼ
Ƥϣ֮һָ׵ѹۡ
˭¿֣ϸָƻЩۼ
ħûֺ̫࣬߰ɡ


73 
ԽﵽǸȥˡ
,ħôİǽйȥ϶ΪɱǣħɱˣҪЩ,ĺ֪ħھʲô
˪ɽ£ħæµȥ,￸Ÿʽķ,ɽˮ,ȻѸΧһӴڵĵػ
ʣʲô
ħһ,Ǵϲľ£Ҫ,Ԥ½й,Ҫһ·˪ɽȥ
Խʱ¶ŭ,ץסֲ˵ȥ
ȥ
ǺְԵоһֱΪħȻ,ȴˬֱ,ô¡
Ǹħ߽һƬ¶ʱӪʣվˣڵͽһЩС㣬ÿ˶ɫŻŭرϯλϣÿվźüħ
̧ͷϯλףħǸģ,,ߴ˶,˵ĸоȫȻһ
ΣҲ֮ǰʱʱ̹̿ϣһſϣһȻ̬̣ͫ˴ĿĵѪɫЦЦ˿ĪоһʬɽѪײ
Խ֮ǰ˵Ǿ䡰εʦ˵ħһˡ
һˡ
ħŵεʦ㣬һżλħ󽫣оȻ޾̡
޾΢΢֪ʲôܵߣ̧ͷ밢ӡ
ɫĮҲδ䡣
ջߣħ첽ߵϯħ˵صӴˣ
ԽߵħߣɲʱеֲѹһǴδĲпǿѹɽѹϣѹǵϥǰѹȥ
Խɫ̰ˡħͻˣ
εʦħ࣬ӲԾ΢⿿࣬ɫ԰ףһ֪ͻȻʲôʱЩӡ
ûעЩֻעħ
ħžףɫľˮھҡΣ̧ߣ˭к
Խ˵һԱ߳һҡ
ΪԽﻹµѹ߳һѾͷ亹ΪѪ˻ƣȴȻ򶨣ҽк
ħĿϣֱֻһ˲ͫѪݽȥȫ˪ᡣ
ԭħ
оԼ۾ѾѪ˿ûеͷֻգգۡ
еħߣǲһˣһֻèèǶĪȤΧ˶һ㣬Ҳ֪ʱһֹļž
˵˲
ħͶߣֻʣǺܵĵӡ
ҧǡ
ħЦЦʵڲ׽
ܵС񡣡ħЦСƯСѾͷð
εɫ䣬Ťͷʹŵؿħһ˲ҡҡ׹
ѹмѳûй£Ϊ̫ͣŵѾȫ׳Ѫģĸ֪Уħһ仰
ܵĶ⡣
ûбɫûŭ־塣
ħ¡˵ʲô
ȫһš
˭Ҳû뵽ֱ׵ʡ
ָҡεıоҺͣסħ
Ѵһһ˵ȡ޻֮ǰԣֻҪõ޻ݣٲΪУƵ˪ɽ£Υ𣿾Ͳ±췣𣿡
ħ¿һֻצӵè
Ůӣ˫Ŀ峺´˿̽Ѫ˿Ҳ̬֮
СССӲĹͷ
ħеʮȤѵúƢؽͣյԣ˵޻ݽħֺ󻼣ԷŹ壬Ȼ޻Ҳⲻħ֣㲻ΥģҵȻҲ۵췣
¶ãȻ̬˵ʲôǿҿ־֮ɫ
ףħҪ˺
ҧסƻֲĹ
ħϾȻЦ
ϲ۾Цܵĸ⣬ܵøֱ档
ľףݸ
СѾͷ֣ЦһƸ㡣
촽΢
ܷŭʦ٬뷭ְⱭķɡ
ѩ͸˪ɽһصס
ħѾǻڣѾƽ۷壬֮£֮£˭ܵ
ѵҪ⧲׼ǬŵѪ
ѹѹϣԼͷ죬ͷĿѣɬĶġ
¡Լ˵ҺⱭƣ˳˪ɽ𣿡
ħһ£Ƭ̵ľ죬ͫɫʣһ֮Ĳ̵ĵ⣬һֿ
þÿͫܵطŴ
ɲСЦ㻹ֵǮ
ҺܸˡЦ˼ҺܸˣԶһЩŴ
ⱭƣħָָԼǰŻ̺ĵ棺ҿԷŹ˪ɽʦţֻҪʵ˳ɽţҿ

ҧ촽ĴѪ
Ҳܹ򡣡ͽصϣҲܹ򡣡
ħЦݸѪһ㣺СѾͷҪּۻۡ
˵
常
Ƶ𣬰͵ۣһ˲קĺ˼ֱײš
˺ѪɲǵЦ΢΢סۣꡣ
޾վڲһʱȡ
´аӵĶ飬Ϊ常޾̻˵常ΪҰޣҲһףԱء
ħۣ޾̡
˭Ҳ֪ʲô
죬ϵģδŭЦҲ
Ͼصĺӡħ·ôݴȻ֮̾ѵãҲܲ档
޾Цһ¡
о޾ԼصҪΡ
ۣɤӼ壬
ã
ħƴЦѾŮ㡣
޾
Ӳʤ´Ρ
קŰߣȴס֣ҡҡͷ
߹ȥļڷ˫֣֣ӹǱס
常ͷ˻ƣŹ˪ɽʦš


74 
˪ɽ,ĺ˳ŷĻ˪м
δ㣿µֱ룺ħѾƵɽ£ѹûжʱ䡣
ԱλҲɫ,˷ŭ˵ħˣ̫Ǹɴƴס
ǣ
ָɢ϶ΪȭǴŸھڴ,˱ľġ侲,ûзԴҵŭ,ֻҪô˪ɽʦ˵,ҪôҵȱսڴˣǬűظЭ,ܸ,ħƽƵĻᣡ
ͷһ,оͷƤ鵽ǰ棬ٲȻӲµĻиеһľġ
˪ɽȴղǾս֮
˪ɽյˣµʦһ,ͺܴ,Ҳɱ̬˿԰ףᵽԺԺٱһ֧Ŀϣƹӡ˪㲣˫۾Ծ
ŵҹħ̬մͬħֳ״
ȫһ˲š
˭Ȼħ֣
ʱħս,ȴħս,,ħȴħѰ£޻ݻħֵеħֵûлȥԿʹʴħǡűϾʹ󣬸ʶ㣬˿ǾڣĿѾѪɲǡ
˵һ
Ѫɲ֣˺ë
״֣ϵΨĴߡ
ˡૣͷ飺š
ֻһ²⣬²棬Ѫɲռħ壬ıһ޴ıѪɲ㣣Ļ֮Ƶ˪ɽţ⧲ţʱǺ׼æսȦס
Ȼ³Ĭ죬µĵţѪɲѸͽӶǿȥ
غһЦɱӺҪЩۿ˪ɽҪǬۿѪɲǣΪϣǼͣҪ̲˪ɽһٴǬŵĹͷ
£˶˵
ؿھ£һƹȣ
ţǵĶ壬ġŻ˵ħԽȣǷԽܼڲǹעһλҪ嶯һԣѾɽЩûɵĺټãڴ뿪ȥǧ֮⣬ղҪִ¡
˸оĿڽ޷΢ϲ˵ǡأ
ϵ¶Ц⣬˵˪ɽڴˣڴˣұܣ˵ɽ֮ܣҲȱҵħ֮֡

ʦ𡣡
ϥ±ȭΪ֮µʦǶѾߣųѾɽȥ
Ѿ˪ɽֻڴϴַ˪ɽȨȣܻʱŭ
ôˣҲǽʦһߣôܻ
ڷ֣ʦδҸá򾲵ʦҪħս˪ɽʣµĵӲȺף¿ɽҾߡ
㡪
ŵŭƹȣΥʦТŮ˵ţۿʪ
յһӣǱӤŰеĵɽţԼϸգǵгϢĵӣ۰СŮŮ
ôãԼѾӣ޺Լ⺢ӻôᣬͻƻ޹δӦûȥ
ΪʦŽĹģҲһ˽ģ͵뿪
ȴҲߣʦ𡣡
ҼһӹɵľȻǣҲߣҪ
һ°ˣЦм¶飬һ¾ͲٻתᷳκĿ֮Ļ£һ̣ϥйȥڵϥǣ˵ʦΪ˪ɽĵӣѾ޻޺
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ųǹʯ¡
˪ɽصеӶѾɽǰÿ˶֪Ҫʲô׶һ侲ļ㣬񣺡ʦ㡣
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ڸϵıε̣ɫӵεãнҧĻࡣ
һǰ˪ɽŽ˪ɽڳɽħһս
ħ׹䣬ӳ½֮Ӱ
̸ݾӸ¸Ž˪ɽڶӣֺ˪ɽģͶǴ󷢴ȱһ
ЦЦ˪ɽʮ꣬ûͶħĵӡ
ðûСѾͷ񻹸ҿڳԣȻŭЦⲻʶôļˣɽţʬӳȥ
죡ͻȻ죡
һһֱĬħ̸ݶ̲סһ£漴Ŀѣѵң
͵ذεֱָĲ
Ƴūeܾһͻƻڣʯ֣ڿɳ֡
˶û뵽ͻȻû뵽ɱһħ󽫡
ʦ֮ʱħ׿ŵŹ˪ɽʦš˫Ŀ죬ѹֵѽѣһһͺ𣺡Ϊҽձɱ㡣
㡪
Ŀ壬һʱסû
εû뵽һԲϾͰεɫף̣ʦ֡
ңңŻŤףȻǳþ
ǵԼڻþö֮󣬺һͬþСʦĸڴĵ˼Ҹǰվһһҹգǰ棬նͷ­Ϊ˼ұ
ʱû֮ҲûκηӦǵ¡
þÿһֱ꣬
պȻоͷٿȻˡ
ͷ⣬⽥¶һ˵Ӱ
Ӱߴ󡢽׳·ɵصĲǡ
ϲʤˣ
һɨ֮ǰŭ֮ɫָŵ˲ЦǴԣЩ϶ˣЩСӣ־ܿͷϴ
ѩ
˷̲סʡ
˪ɽµһƬѩĵطڵڴ˸˪ѩĹɣÿһɽȱ󣬲ʬǣữѩ»˪ɽһ֡
ǵ˪ɽع˪ɽһһӣԴԴ
̧֣һƬѩġ
ࡣ˵л㡣
Ȼס
ʵϤһͽһ˪ɽͽͬרעһǰŸɽŵٹ⣬Ը˺
ûЩԷӲõ⣬ȵĽǰǰһڳᣬܾУ壬ȹһΣԲǼӦС£ûϣ֮Ҳûʲô仯ȻĮưһ
ûЦûӵģ
һ̣࿴ǣеɬЦЦ
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Ҽǵûþ߷еľ̳ǴǵִܣҲûֳʤ
˵ٱһȾơ
𣺡
˹ǣ͵ؽеҳ潣ɽŵۣѿ˪ѩӣ˪ɽӽ¶˹⣬ǼǵѪԪӴıѩ֮塣
û˺ˣû˿޺վԼλϣһһȼջɻҡ
˪֮ɽڻɽƺƺȻӿ̮
ķջ٣ӭɢɫҼӳŻ
˪ɽҪµһƬ˪ѩʱѪվƬա
ŭХ˪ɽΣ
Ǭţħףұȣϣ˪ɽ

ңңǧ֮⡣
ԬɵͽħǬһȦһƬʵɽԭϣһޱߵĿҰܿ˪ɽ
ɫ԰ףŶӣǱħҵħǸž֫ٺҪþеȥڣ޾ֱ֧̽ס壬Ҳֱӵȥ
ͷȿջ⣬ٿȻƮѩ
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Ļ⣬ӳ˰ա
ͫӳţıɽڻھ޴ƶĤХУƺƺ麣㸲¡
š
֪ӺδԱߵԽŲסڵʡ
Ʈ˪ɽûˡ
޾ҲţĮȻҲû˵ʲô
͵͵һ
ͷ̲סŹ
л˵


75 
˪ɽˮ,ûΧǧ
ħԤ½йٽȥ˪ɽˣսõػͽˮ˪ɽųϽս,ľӢӼ˻ɽ׵Щӱڽ,ͷ,Ȼûץһ²
ħȻˡ
Ψֳе,ħҪȥ˪ɽʣµĵץɱ,ħҲûͬ⣬ᵹ,Ų԰ɫİ,Ц˵,ҲýŮľư׺ȡ
£ϵġ
˪ɽûˣħͼ,ѡĵȥݡ
λǬ,Ϊٸϵ֮أͶħۼħɵ磬ϹϾӭħǽ֮Ҫ޽۹
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ڼгʦ,ڻȥҲû,߹۲Ҳԡ
Ӻݽ,Ӻݵ뽭ܽ޾ħǻլһħӦˣ͸޾һȻ˹갡
궼ûô뿪أ갣ʵΣЩ㱡
갱ǰַǳؿ˰ľۻɣһΨᴩеţµĺۼ
լûʲô仯޾ûסһ󣬵һ˻
Ҳסǽ޾ݵһСԺǻǶ»ԼøõʱõģʱɽƵסΣתͿȥ޾̵ţһȥϳС
ʱ£żܲе㱡
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ϣСȥ޾̵ţţٷ˺á޾Ѿ¹ڱͦڰĹģ̧ͷ䵭Ƴһۡ
ԿػװǻƵƨܹȥСڰϣšĴͲȺĶ緹
޾̿ׯľĺҶͲκγ۾˶óĮޱǰ£½ƶѰӶƵƫƧĽ䡣

Щ󲡡
ԾͲԣԼѺҶһƨԱӣһųԣİƤҧƸСڣŨ֭ů
޾俴պī֭ıʺϡ
װûһڰʵ˵ħȥݲǱߴѲ
ϵģħķǳ޾̣ӡˬظȨӡ
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ħ˪ɽʱ̬ǿӲЩµ磬Ҳûе԰ڵ˼˪ɽ½ֵָ׵ĲǴã俴޾̣Ҫ¶ȥѲ£Ҳ졪Ҫ֪ڷǵ۹̳˲еʸ
˵ݵ۾ҪѪˣ峤ҪΪħţԼΪħйħصĻ޾̣˵ϣЩħ󽫶ʵòУֻû˸ΥħЩϲ˵޲ܰ޾̻ˡ
һ֪ħûģ޾ϲƣɽ¶ˮظˣֱӱħƵϿ
޾ӣħȻҲ֪£ӳ֮⣬ɱ֮췣ħɱ޾̣ͿʼĥִҲĸɵܰ޾̰ɱ
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޾ڿһۣʵš
ðɡоԼȥҲǸϺȵģ˵עⰲȫ
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˹ӣӳˣ;ͺҶܳȥˡ
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֪ѾԸιҩܼҳ˵ֻǡүˣ˵¾Щӣ㴲Ҫǲš
룺ȥɡ
ŹߵһƫƧԺ䣬ңңŭӡ
ǼˡҪɱɱ
үүúҩˡ
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ҡҡ
ſҡ
˸ʹ찴ס峤̧̧֫ͷʱ򣬰޽ĻҰɫ۾ȻѾʧˡ
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⡭ܼҵͷС˵ⶼ˼
ԣ˵ιЩ˯ҩɡ
ǡ
ֿ˿̾һתˡ
صԼԺӣѾŵʱˣûʲôθڣҪһȥԺȣߺȱ߿Ǵ޾̵Ժ䡣
̴ǰƳɸϸµŮһһɹһ￴ͻȻһɫСӣûá
Ů˳ָĿȥ˵Ӳܶ
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Ůҡͷū澲֪
ҧҧӣҿԿ𣿡
ŮЦ˵ʲôԡ
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ĺġ
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Ķⴧߣߺߡ
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ɶĿԴˡ
С״ĵزŪͷͼҸ϶
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л˵


76 
,ħЩϵġ
Ϊֺħ˴Ǯ,½ĵ۹ǰδеĻֺɽ̨,,ÿˮƵĽ䱦ͽȥ,ݸĹѡ,ڵ۹׷ĲȡӵĻġ
ħ߲,ȫЦ,ڵ۹ҹ,Ѱ֣ݼʮһɡ
ÿʱ,Աޱ鳭顣
ħ,µĵһּ£ҵϰ֮չ۹ĲУ뷲ķ±ͬ˼ǿ£طȨչ룬壬Ǻƺ
ݣޱߵĽʮ˴ΣôҲô˵,һƽħͷ
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ĬĬдʢ˵ͳЦӵԶԶ˽ݺħżŮ󲽽ɢͷ󣬸߽ʹһɼźҾ
һϸֶʱͣסѰֵıǷ׷׹¡
¡
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ħɲ׷Ź
оǹǿҵľȱƵǰ˵ЦŮ鳭ôˡ
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ħţΪ˫ȣۣ䲻ЦǲȥħսŵأΪʦ磬ôţǸңǧ﷭һ飬ҲûҼܵİǡ
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ʢ顣ɫƽħս󲻾ãҾѾȥ£ʦ齣ȥʦ𷲼Ĺˡ
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ʦĹĶħЦ˵һӢڷҽȥŹǨΪᡣ
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ħһ£ҲЩ죬ۿ
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ʦ˵һˣѻعᡣҧûҵȫʬֻܰ齣ͻȥڳ԰ɱңȻȥѷĽ򷭸׳죬ܲܰڳˣ
ȫһƬš
˾ɪɪסħŭʬΡ
ð죬ȴûŮѪɵĲ࣬һЦ
ˣˡǳϵħҲ˵һ˵
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ħͻȻ֣ʶ㣬ȴ񱻹̶ֻۿֻԼֱֻۣڼͷȻѹȥȱߣȻֻ֣ͷͷ
˵ʦСЦ۵ǴĻϲ̨棬ֱͷ̫ᷳ˳ʵƲۣƽľګСѾͷŸĴϲ
ͷְӰŮĳɢУȳиϸ壬˿˿ƴָ们䡣
һġоǵһɬŮϣŮһϤĺӣ
ħۣ̾һ
Сˡ˰ĳЦԺԹСŮ۹Ĺǵĸ⣬㣬úðҪʲôժ㡣


77 
ĵľ޾̵
ħһֱ߳,ڹһʹͣÿÿݸƷ,СŮ谮
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ЩŭħħȻƿ͵һƿ
ħ谮ٿȥʮֳ谮ֺħȨ͹˶ύ
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켸˷ŷݣ밢ˡ
۹˴ǸС㡢ǴݸѡˣħбƽʱЦģȴɱˣ̷η˽½ύţӡֵħ谮ƽճĬʲôͰմӲ⴫ԴҶϲһ档
ҷһͨݣ۳һϸЦһͤȹƳԶ˵Ź﹬̸Ա߰ţŸԡ
ųţȻһλסӣ֪εȥˡ
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û˵˵εǷּȥݵġԥţС˵˵Ѳʱ̣½εȥȥ
סĸһӵ
ҡˣôˣû𣿡
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Īеһ㲻ǿЦţûû£˵Ȭˡ
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հԼıīڷ̺ãԶԶĲҽУҵ˺һܷȻ˵ͳĴЦ
ɲǼ䣬ֵϯһ˿־طڵϣɭҹɫסʵĻƣһиûʵļ˺ѣ¶ȿֲХݡ
ߴӰԶӰи֣ħ۴Ҽ絽罦һֳѪ˲֪һ˵ôôһѪֱ۴һѽѪĸͷѪˮεδճ׹ڵϣϳһ
ħߵ㳡⣬ĸͷһſŵ峤ͷѪˮһεף˽ɸ
ħһߴɷվѪ볩ɱ¾б㳡ʹͷ­־סĺЩ˳еⱵĿܡ
ߵħ֮žָŴĸ棬׺Ȼֳһ˷ܵɫ͵̧ͷҪն롣
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ͷͣ峤ͷķ߼ѪͷƤ峤һֱε
ħɺͫŮվǰջصڸ֣ϸϸֱΪ͹.ֱֻһֻһŸɾ
ͷһֿܹ˳̬ȣ˵£ϯÿʼˡ

һƬţãħ͵Цһ
ãá
ħ¸ͷнӹϵѪЦ
³һлħղɱ䣬ǰֹסˡ
ʲôҲû˵תظȥ
ħںʵ̺ΧǶϥйСΪȥȾѪۣŮˮֽǰһλҪȥֽħ˵
˶סˣ֧ȣŰ֮ǰݸӣѾѪ͸õģ
Ŵһֽˮʪšðɣٵݸ
ˣȻӦСΪϵѪŮȻû֪ʶȤƷʣľͷһӲ
ħ˿ЦЦӹֽԼϵѪ˵ǰЩգ̶ˣ֪𣿡
һ֣߬װ𾪣ôˣ
ˣܵ˲¡ħЦ״ƶƢ˵һæͽȥӶᣬֻ£һŰ죬Ȼúܺã¸ҳһ⽵ǶֳϷһҲøơ
ۣлл¡
ϯ¿ʼϸֱͣЪ
ϯʱ򣬰Ѿˡ
ħھ񿴸裬Ҳ֪ôͷѰҲ
ͷ׵ֱССŹǷ
ʱħ᲻ᵯӣ
ȥħ֪ʱѾٿ裬תͷ
ͫź죬ռѪ.ûʨӣ۵Ѫ⡣
о߬һĪĲ
˵ᡣ
ħʣ裿
ᡣ
ħЦʲôա
ޱ飺ñʧˣ޶ۣʲôҲûС
ħһЦҲû˵ǰᣬڿѧ
ҿ־дúܺã˵ֻҪ¹ûʲôѧɡͷôһ̣ǶֿԳΪ谮ᡣ
СС
ϷʣڱصãỺ˵Ҫúѧѧˣơ

ά򶨣û¶һ˿
ֱħˣϯɢȥŻȥԼס
ҪΪ£ҡͷȥ˶߿ȫɳֱĵߡ
ڴߣһһ´һ˵Ļֲ̿ԺִСצӸԼϴ
ӡ̲סвҪӡ
ͻȻһ죬͵̧ͷ˭
嵽ߣһƿӰ裬ûһ˿Ӱ
ͷطһžֽ
ֽչûдκֻ֣ǻһŻһ
һͫŴ
ǱˣȻĪ֪ūeܾǳþǺ͸
Ǻʦ֡


78 
֪һġ
ǬŲħʮԼҺԺΪ,ԶЭ˪ɽòܰװ
һ,һʦѹܻȴȫİա
Ӳ֪ԼʵҲų,ūeþеЩл,ʵۿϤġ׽ȥ,̲ס,Ҳٵһ󣬻иõʱ,Ҳ˭Ҫȥ,ͿԽ¡
ͼ͵еʱ,֪Լ쿪Ҳʵˡ
£ħ̸ݴħսŵع,ǧߴħź
ЩħѪɲҳϵĲ,ħǿսȥһ߾Ӵ󺡹ȻɢɭȻϢ
дĵ伮ԽԽѪתǸ
ܿ촫Ϣ̸ƿţѿлŵĳϵӶѺݡ
ΪǬɣΪ֪óģʹܡ
еж־壬ٲ,Ҳ˵,Ž,õĿܣʿѪܳɵĿܡ
ʿԽǿԽᣬЩʿõѡ񣬷ޣǽޡ
ǬΪСࡢΪҲԴΣԽ޸㣬ǬὣģǱΪƥ֮ĳڡ
˵ħѯħδʱħںȾƣЦһֽƱӵͼϳڵķ
ħʼݼᣬֱָڡ
ڰĩħ׼ʱͻȻһϢ
ڴϷߵİͽ˪߱ʦϳ壬ɱòѪ׷ʦ˰ڵڲԸĳϵӡ
ħд飬ԸԸԷߵͷ­ϣħֻħŹţԸģӴ˸ΪħЧȮ֮͡
ǧģǺһӡڵѪָӡѪ飬һѾ͵Լӡ̡
Ѫ鿴ʱָڶ
ħһָ󣬶⿴ԼſţɵЦ
¹Լǰµ԰ǬŵĽģͼ޻ݣΪǴ󻼣Եÿֶдġ
ˣѪɲԼûаƻ֮Եڽ֮ԼľдԣԸԸţֻȫĻ֡
ħĺӴķ۲ת˳ˮоͱص뺣ףؼ˭ת棬˭۶ϥǹ£Ǹ˱ؽ
һұˣǳɲ˴µġ
ħóڶѴǬŵĵʶ࣬ȤһλǵۣȻȱԶǬִ𲻷ߣֵᰲ˳ߣеһ˳ӵţԶʤɱٳڳϵӡ
ѪɲԼĺƤ˼ãȴĿ⣬ڲԶŮϡ
ܿŮı촽ûһѪɫҲ԰ףħһһһ鲻аȥЩѪָӡ
Ѫɲؿڷһ
һ̫ĶаʥϾ˵ʲôǣһֹ΢ƷʣԶһԵαЩ΢Ĳͻ᳹Ϊӹײʵ
һ⣬ϵΪԼƽӹģҲƽӹֳľګܡԲȵȲõƷʣѪɲ̫ˣƤٿܿĻ飬һԶůġʻĵĴࡣ
ǵģʹѪɲҲһɾĺӡ
ıܺѲԺܺޱ۰ҲŤذԽǿԽ̸ܵѪҺ¶ȣһֵúķκӶռе
ѪɲδԵ֣ȷɱҲԸݵĳ谮
˵˪ݣʦӣİ׸硣
߹ȥִͷ͵һЦ˵˵ôӦ𣿡
֪ϸݵļͷ͵ؽ
ŮһŤͷѪɲۿͫ˸Ŵʹˮ⣬žӨˮ·һ鿪ѳˮ
ħͷϤŰֱŰôЩԿ˵Ǿ޽еԼĪ˵ǰ
ܿͷֱ۾
˵ʲôû塣ĻŨرάס侲Ѿ˾ˣ𡣡
Ѫɲë׵ķɢҵ鷢סСС׵ۣһֻëδ̡
һѪˣڵв뾯棬ͻȻ־Ҫ
Լˡ
Ѿˣ޾ʵ̫ᣬûüɵϾҲѾδãʵҲȫ
ѾһˣǬ޵֣ʵûҪڽ˵̫СҲ̫ˣʲôС˼Ҳ۵׽Щֺη
˼СĶȥҵڶ
ħۣȴЦôᡣ
ϾЩһġħһͷ޽Ҫ᣺ϲ㣬ܽˣҲһЩԸ
ͷըˣ͵غסҰ޶ŵ۾ȫըë
£ڣ̸ĵ常
ħҪЦ
˵йɸĴ
һֱǲԸΪʱ̻ˣͽг
ϧѾˣɲǺܣƯСŮ
ڽ½һ㽫̨ħЦҴټˡ
һסб鶼̣ûӦƵĴ
ħЦ㣬ȥ𣿡
ס촽죬ڵͷȥ
Ӧ˵ʲôѪɲ˵úӣѧеˡ
常ð죬Ѫɲ˻ƳСŮȥɡ
Ժӡ
Ѫɲ⣬ͷЦãȥ


79 
ʮ·,ݵĹ𻨿ú
ķ׹䵭ƵĻ꣬껺ӰĬʹӡ
˷ڽ,Żѿɫ,ڽһϸߴʯס
ʮڵӴӵ,Ϊ׵괩ɫĽ,ͦ,˫ֶһϻӣϻǧ,ѹ,һ־Ȼ׵侲,侲ƽؽֳľϻ߹
,Ŀ⻬䵽ľϻ
ͻȻһμ,꣬ز״岻ãʱո˯𴲣ʦںԺ̨󼦵æԼ·ССĲЬߵȥţһһĵƿŰ壬峿£һüĿİ,ǣһ˾ģ,괩ز,ֻһͷĬһѳؽ̧ͷһĿ⿴
ѽôɰСü߹ȣüЦͷС
ͣ
ħڸߴ̧̧֣ߺվǶϻӡ
ɫѿ
˪ݽŲۣͣľϻǡ
ɢӰĿϵݣĳѩףɷǡüĿ񰢳СʱﱧʱݵүСͽүүɵǲɣ߹ЦŰԼİ׻ĳ롣
֪ǸŰװ׺İȰߣҪүүҪзʦõˣǷ𣬳ڵ̫ϳϡ
ڷۣݰ꣬ȴҲűĺӣЦŽСˡ
ԱߵĻ͵رۣҧÿ֨졣
мֱ¡
ħЦƣǳ޳ˡ
˪΢΢̧ۣһ˫ˮ⡣
࣬Żȹվħߣһֻ˵¹ѪʻƤëۣԼɼ۵ˮ⡣
ħסϸݵûǸߴħ֮е죬ػӻ֣ʹ
˪һưͣĬߵħǰ
ѪɲĦŮϸƤ˽ʵָϸɫѪܵ˵Լѿ´Ӧˡ
ǳڵڸοôеʶĵӡѪɲЦȷľʦʦǣΪһϢ
ڵĵû˵ǶͷһȺĬʯ
ǳľӢᣬ콣⣬Űǿÿһ̶ǰһ̸ǿ
ǽк˪ݡѪɲź˪ݣЦʿʫһ˪ʮݣ
ȻǺýԱ߻⣺ɱԼʦɱøɴ䡣

ΧħȻЦ
ѪɲЦﵨʢ־ȥץľϻеͷ­ƣԴúÿÿҪÿء
ѩ׺ǰһֻ԰ײס
˪̧ͷ
üŨŨ罣ޣѣĹ⡣
ʦ˳̫ϳϡ˻ƣ㲻
壬һʱסѪɲ΢΢ۣ۵׷ĳֲɭĺ⣬΢΢Ҫ˵ʲôͻȻССָץס֡
Ѫɲסѵ¶ŹֵɫĿŮ
ٿŨرˮһϸ常ñŷ
Χ˾ؿʲô
Ѫɲɫƣζ
ܳ
Ӧ߱ŭ׳Ļȩ̈צƾҪź˪ȥ
ס֡
ָ߸߽¶㵶η顣
ûҳ
˪ƹһһһߵħǰ
ħֻʣߵľ룬̶̾룬ֻ費ǧ֮һ
˪ݵһ˽Ŀλ߳Ƶħһ˫ѪӸµ۾б.пԣŮվߣسҭһ˳̬߬סõ֡
㲻뿴ȥɡѪɲŮ˵ǰδкͻų谮ζ˵ˣ㣬᲻ãΪѰõطᡣ
ۣҡҡͷ
һصʯͷ̳һöԲ͵Ļ䣬ŸĻƣĶҡΡ
˪ݿöʯ¶һЦ
̫԰ףЦҲ԰ףȴ쳣Ȼļ㣬Цݳֵ̫Ī˶ɿ
Ѫɲ£СӣЦó
Цó˪ȴ˵򽣳أȡڽˮʦΪҸ˪ݣǱһ޵߾磬һ˪޷档
ҹʦ޲Ǹ硣
ȱȷޱο˵ΪǳڣڻǬĽ
Ľ͵ش䱬˷·һѽֱѪɲ
εһͱԱߵ̸ݣһס
ɱ
ڵĵХĳŹ棬޴Ľǽ˲㽫̨̨𾪵ħҽŤ𣺡
ͻıʣħͫ˲ֲ
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ħӽյȻײŮ壬ɫĲ԰ףѪˮӴӿȴ߬סѪɲ֣ſ
ⲻǧ֮һĳٶۣ㾡һĬץס΢СһʱǰѱĽӰƿѪɲиɻ磬ؿڡ
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Ѿ黯ǻĽ
һΪɸԼͷ­ߵħǰͶ״
˺ԼµԼҪѪɲһȥ
ˮ֪ʱӣ촽ڶ£ʦ֡
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˪ݽӲ黯ӣ¶͵Ц
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Ӱ׹ѪɲĿڡ
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쳤ޣֳʹĿ޺ûдɤӳ׹оŵֻݰܵ͵ط
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ͷǸߴĻѪ˴վ»гƲѪ䣬һѽᴩؿںɫĹǼܣǻѵվվ
վץסؿǰѻɢݽڽĽѪģͻȻ¶һֲбɫʣŭХһ͵ؽиǣݺݰ˳
ڽӰһ̣ʵؽ˲䣬ٿȻ׷顣


ʶӦ֮ǰѵʹХɤ籡
ӴֺĽ˲Ȼʧ
һѰѹصĽŻɻңඥθΪĳǴǸߴһħˮס
ʧˡ
㾡ڽ߾һʧˡ
ե˶ʦߵħǰ
ħû
ǻʧˣǹǬŵǸôȥĳߡ
ء
һĹ£ʹţ𽥿ݲϣͳһţ뱾һɻҡ
һϢң󽥴̨𽥱
ݡ¡
зӦĲлħ˽ᣬæ˹ģʹ飺û桪
ȻֹצƣͻȻħӿߴаܵ

ħȻ
¡

ɱҲɱ
ѪɲһɷɵĹһץͷͷܵĴħǵħǵħ壬ħǰδеۻңݻѪⸯõٶȡ
ټĸ̨ûһҳ
ħǴͷɺ˫ĿΧ̸ݽսһĻࡣ
һưܣ۾ѪᣬܲˣƵ̸ݽʧܣ֪Լձ֮ǰҪɱһᡣ
Ĺ£̸ݵĵֿҲ֧¶ѵģ
ڵϣŤۣͷ۳亹˳ħߣҲ˻ࡣ
ˡ
ֻһͷʧȥһʦˡ
Ѫɲӣߡ
Ѫɲ
һ̣Ůʦû
õְγ̫ƽý滮ԼȻ߸߾ǰѽʺѪ˳ǳֵĽʡ
ǽӯӯʼ
뿪һطչأֻ֪ĵطҵĲнȥѹΪұ𡣡ǿվ̫ƽ޵ŭ˷ɱʦ֣ɱҵţҾҵ̫ƽһոµ񽣣ҵʦȻѽһηǡɢ


ڰʮ 
á
ĳ,εΪ׵ϣͷ⣬âЩ,ɱڶǡ
չȹ棬Ǵľװ,޷Ժ,ȴ԰,ò,֮ˣһݶصĴˬ֮
,һͬװ깫,ò֮,ѵʸ߻Ǳͦ,нȻ,ӿһѾһƿ۵Ӣ˹ȡ
κͬеŮ־ٶ֮ĵɾʾ
εùȻȵܿƫͷ˫غϣºʣ̫СسϢ
εñһЦЦֲǱģһɹͻˡ
Ҳ㲻,ҲʲôС,ҳԹĿࡣ
,һΪҵĸˡ¶ȻɫЩؿЦƫҪϷŪҡ
޾Ȼ֪δ˼ħѾѪɲռݣѪɲεò꣬򷢳˷ɵݴŸĶ¡
ħޣʧȥ˷ҲʧȥһŴλڱ䳾
εȴûԹ԰ʱľ£˵̬ȶ̬ǫᣬ޾ʱҲڸ֮λõóϷ
λһֱ󷽵ˣڻس·ϣڻⲻ¶̬
ǰݽˡ죬һʱ֪˵ʲô΢΢ˮɫͷſЦ˵Ҷ֪ȥ治֪᲻иĻµҡ
޾̿񽥽Ȼ̫ɱ򶯣ûʱ򲻸ο
˵εĻѾȥˣպģöǸ
εÿ۲΢΢ζٲȻǿҵĶݡ
лл㡭˵ҹӣ࡭Ķ壬Ѿ֪ô𡣡
޾һЦ
ܹʱһñϣ޾ùݸ
ε΢΢죬ӹñһллҹӡͷ
٣ñЩ㣬һ鷢
ѽңΪСķٲá
Ĵٻתתкãͷ͵Сɡ
εһº͸ˣ⣺ٻ
ôˣñѡٻһһľӣЩݴһ𹲻ѣС̫ģǲѽ
ܹһüСŮʵڷ
̧ȥȴŭݣֻǴε
ܹܶʱ࣬Ӷεﻹǲһ㣬Ů˵ȲֵĻҲƽϡ
ȴ壬ĿⲢûпεε﷢ñϡ
㿴Ų⣬ֿñۣ𣬸ûŮԳһˣⶫܹȥĶѸٷŮ˵ñ˳ǰٷ˴ġ
ͷһ
Ǽ֪ˣ֪ʱ俴һѰʵ
ȥ⾰⽣Ӱȷ簵꣬ٷһҲû
ǰٷָأɽˮԶϢȴûϹÿÿȥʲôΣյĵطٷϲ˵ʲôûȴʱʱʺÿɷ񣬷·𲢲⣬Ҳضÿⶼأ˱Ťǣţȴ˭Ҳ벻˭
һΣٷһҲû䵭լһţٷֻعһΣֻĮһСǾͺã˳ûһ仰
Ҳϵٷ˵ּǷÿֶȷʵٷ֣֮αʵĿܣˣŸ֮ǰٷ׮޻ݵĹ˾ٷҼҵﶼԸգõо֮
ԿôܲŭԹޣ
εñٻ˵úߣɿ޾һۣԼɬХһѹֵ
εͷһΪñ鷢Ƕϸᣬκ죬΢΢ͷ
Ҳ˶ѡ
޾̿ε˳κգЦлŮô¶
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һС˵Ĺϵƺһ¸׽ࡣ
εñЦ˵ҵһμҹӣΪ飬ҴˣʵǼˡ
޾̵һЦסƢԲá
˭ҲʮȫʮҹӻˡԸչˣѾʤϾųɾŵжεö˶٣˵ҹѾǼˡ
ܹں̾εǶ˳ļˣĻ϶û̹˵ʢɾĸܵˡ
޾̹ȻҲɫͣûж˵ֻº˵߰ɡ
εõͷš
·߱˵ŻûһͻȻŴӭһ
εһ㶣ϳЩ½Ǿųϵİơ
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εÿųϵʹȡһţݸ޾𿪴ۿȥ
εÿɫȻޱȿֲ
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εûһ£ʶ⡰ٷˡָʦá
ʶֿ޾̣޾ȴ˿δעĿ⣬õΰɭȻÿֿ꣬Ȼ͵飬תֱȥ

ҹӡ
ӡ
ܹܵæ׷ȥε˴ɳ۶ǰϽҲ¶ɣȭεС£ҵҲȸǡ
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ⶼΪ޾̿ŸŴ
תͷȥϺƺƾѾңңǰȥλһֱǰ棬Ǳ紵죬ŭ岪ԶԶͷǰʼûлһͷ
С㡭
εûعҡҡͷ¶֣صݣȥɣﶼңһ˺úûؽǧҹӣ̬Ҳн취Ī嶯¡
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ǵʲô£ŮôǣĵӾҲɱ£ϵԶȥٻ̲ס˵־֣С㣬·ŭ᲻ǣǣ
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ħ𲻻ɱҹӣɱҹӣֻҪҹӲһоջǧٱرε޷ߴٻūeþ￴ʲôѾ֪Լô
ֻǡ
εúȻϴѾ޻ݡֻΪʦҪԸԴҪȥһУϦദ빲ԭΪҹѾ˸꣬˵ʦѣ˲̬䣬һֻȥˣҲԺ󡭡
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ЩζȻɬ̲סૣǡܽͺˡ
ȥʱⲻĨȥƽ޾̾Ͳǣָˡ
С㣿
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εջЩҵ˼ҡҡͷ˵ȥʹҲϿ·ؽ
ǡ
л˵
ĻţѪɲʱдƴġϵĶͷ


81 
۹ʱ,޾Ѿ˷ʲô¡
ڽ˴ڵӼ齵ڵ㽫̨ϴɱѪɲ뺮˪ǣѪɲ,һɹȴվһ,Ѫɲ˹
ĵѾȫ˽,˪,ץ,Ϊ˺һ䡰ûѪɲûɱ,ھͽڱ֪
޾һ,ҪЦ
ⲻʡĵĶĵ,ʲôģ
ͣ»ûټȥԡͣ
סͼ·Ĺ,޾ųĹޱشǰ,ʯף̸ݵȼվڹſڣչŹֶͣ޾ⶼûһֱۣŶ롣
ݻĴ谵еĴաڵ⣬һӷɴʷͷĮֻǰߣֱڹˡ
ǵħƬ,ŨѪȵԺ,޾̴ۿŽһħǲк,ŲкĿ̧ͷɭߴħ
޾̿ѪɲѪ黹ûϵİ̺ۣһͷݾƴСħСħϵħ̰ӿڣգۼ͸ɱСһϢ
޾ۿѪȵĻ棬ɫһ˿δ
常ûȷѪɲԼÿһ֣˵ҵķ˱빬У
ѪɲŤͷ۾ѪһħѾԽбĹ
Ѫɲڿڣ񵶹ΰ˻ЦҪɱңôһ
ǵ΢ĩΪ֧ۡ޾ȴ˵常鸣죬񲻹ССѣܿȬ常ȱöӰȥضϼӳν̵ٲ常鷳
Ѫɲžվûбɱ⡣
΢ĩΪѪɲʦ𣬿ɲ΢ĩΪ
޾΢΢ۡ
˵ܻţ֪ѪɲɫЦЦ㲻֪ûи㡣
ùִۼҲûиߣСѾͷݵĳ
常޾̵Ϊ˱أ鼱֮»δ棬δĻš
ѪɲŭЦ˵öԣҲں˵˵ȥ𣿰ȥ𣿣ٿȻŭ͵Сħ
޾ۿͻȻӣħֱ꣬ΪɴħڵǲٲȻѾӰǡ
常Ϣŭ
Ѫɲǿ侲˵׼ȥԴ뿪ֻҪҺߡ˵ŹֵĶ⡣
޾Ըħٷϻһ䣬תҪߣȴѪɲȻ޾̣Ҫ֪վħѪǬŲһ·ˣܻţȻŹңˣռϷ磬ҲزŹ㣡
ķͽŲµҰĺֻվڲۣ֮ܳػţ
һˣһжģǬҲֻΪЦкáǺܡѪɲɭɭЦǲһ˾ӣ˾ʥˣһɽԶѹͷϷȨеĽ
վһߣѪɲҰްĵͺ𣺡ɶҪ

޾̱վһۡ
ɫĮ򾲣ޱɫ
ֻ˵һ䡰л?常ػ·ʲôҲû뿪
ѪɲӰ͵Ρ
޾ֱȥӺ
һ·ԽԽƫƧ޾̵ɫҲԽԽ䣬ǰ·̸һ˸оԽµѹߵб䣬һħصưܹҡ
̸ѾͷǸ̫µ˵ɫóܽȥһҼЮһŮ߳
޾һۿ˺
ɢŻҰɫ£ʹͷʱ紵ڵϣӡͷϸݵ
ؿһֱѹֵǹŭٿȻѣ޾̴ȥ߽߱⿪ǰϵԼĺһϡ
켷ǣı¡
оͷһֽһůϤϢ̧ͷϤӡ
ǼٿȻһᣬ˽˻ʵС֣޾̣޾̡
޾סڻſޣѸٴϣûʲô˿ڣȥ˵۶ϵۣﲼطøʱ۵СС˻Ѫɲɱ⣬ȥǣõ֣߰ɡ
ȴһ±ֲǣҭҡͷҲߡ
Ѫɲ˻࣬˰Χ˳Χ˵˵Ҹ߳۹ɱʦ֣ء
˵úأܿ־壬ˣ֪˵ġ˵Ҳߡ
޾̿ɫ𽥱
֪ѪɲǾ䡰Ըߡʲô˼
ǬĹܱţȻԸڵ۹
ô졣޾˵סһ𡣡
ֵͷ
ҲؼҡС˵ô죬ħΧˣһزȥ
һǵüĻ԰ݽǵķ壬Ǽ񣬺þöûˮˣһˡ
޾̡ԽԽССƵʣؼңؼҿ
޾̵׹˵۹
ȥ·ϣڳĿһ·޻ڽլ
ҹճѲӣͻȻ˵ټ
첽߽鷿һͿɫ̵̻ܹܣ̧ͷͼһװޱڰ
㣬Ƭ˽Ѳ飬Ҫƺƴ󣬴ġ޾̲ϻóһֽǺܳķ˽磬Ҫ˶֪˴µķڴ׷ضƣҪ˰ĿⶼͶ
ͷɻӹֽǡ
޾ֿң⼸ղֻͣЩĵĸӹͣװʼڸС
ҺëһֱӹڵϣӣҪȥĶ
޾һʱû˵
΢΢ƫͷĿ⿴⣬ޱҹɫɽӣͶңԶ֮޽ص۷塣
ƵĮȴޱȱ䣬ҹɫн˼ǺĹ
ҪȥĶЦÿ켷ɭýɲҪȥ֮ǰҲҪѾĻסģʲô
л˵
ûӣֻǽϣƣ޾һ֪
ʦڡҪ


82 
ͨ˵ȥ״ʱ,һʱʲô
ôأ¾վʽµ΢ϣŵִϺڣ˭ģ˭׼ȥ״壿
,ŵĺγѾγϷûſڿκӰ΢ɫҲЩ,˵˭Ҳ֪ô,ǲ״帽Ѳӵĵӿվڲ״嶥,ȥ,ֻ˵ȥվһԲ
Щ,Ĭ,ߵʲô˭Ҳ֪,˭Ҳ˵ɣΪѸ߹ˣſ֮ȥ硣
΢¶,ֺһ,ߣ߰ɣȥСӸʲôá
ȥ״·ϣ»˼޾˵ѪɲӣҲ֪ǲǱѪ?ɲ⣬޾̱Ͼδ򣬲»ǰԼҺӣʵǸһ,رħΧ,ûյǺӵϢ
ŷ׷˼,ڲ״ϣһ۾Ϳ޾̡
״ڽվСſڣĳӴȻƤë紵
¸뿪ڣ˵ţλתߡ
΢¶֮ɫü߽ȥ
״嶥ȥǱҴʦ£С˲ûС
޾Ϥǰߣˮء԰ǰһ˵С¥棬ӭֻйһǽǽϻżǱŵɫȴΪбĻ⣬Ե䡣
һſǽߣ¼鸴ӵζ
޾ַǽϣǽڴ򿪣¼˳ſȥ
¿ľ
ӴħŤɱڱϵϡ
΢˴Ӱ΢Ȼ𾪴󺰣ʦ֣
ڣŷ־˻ơ
ۿ֪޾죬ʶǰȴһֻס
͵ŤͷŭӣĮȻƽ̬վԱߣĿŽǵԼӰ
͵͵޾̵˵ħսȴŻڣʴħɱݣҲܻħռǣͻħ
ⳡɱҲʮ꣬Ҳ꣬ҲԶҲʤܡ⵹Ҳûʲôϵѹһ;ﰲһ쳹ˣҲް֡һ
һĮѪɲˣѽڲֶεѰҺܵ䣬Ҫ˶ͻأһһħĺܣõĲƷ
˼źܣһ䡰ƷˮඥȻȫ͸붼û뵽ŭ𣺡
޾ɫ˿δ䣬ƽػ
ţ˵ʲô޾º˵ΪţǬ֮ʱʲô
Աߵ΢ٿȻۡ
ɱ˴ʦ֡ƢõسϵһβȻŭΪ˭ǲ״̫ϳϣ𣡡
ΪǬսħս΢ʣʦɣô˵óĻССͣôݵĳ
޾ûκα⣬ɫºͣޱ仯
ȻĳǸûˡǺԸģӲϻѾ˼زšţôš
к壬յӢ۰ӦھʹȥһƬƴӢùǧẈ̂ԶʤղججӲд
Ѫɲô
޾̲Щ޹ʹԹֻŲš
ۿѸ˥϶ƣ촽ݵĸ⣬͵رۣ뼤ҵ
޾޶ԣڤڤƽӸµӽǣѾж˻ȷľ
ð죬ۡ
ǽеӰɫƽֹעһļ㡣
š΢ϵſ󣺡Ǵʦ֣Ǵʦ֡
ȴ˵֪
΢֮ˣʦΪǬغɨУȴزס֮׵̫ƽ˵ʦֵΪǬ
΢ʣô˵⻰⣬Ѿ
ҡͷ˻Ƶ˪ɽгڣضħȻΧȴɽŷֻһЭָָ㡣
ڼʮ꣬ûܵ³̾һһֱüصȴ¶Ц⣺ɽӣ첻أҴʦһǬһ·
΢סͻȻ뵽ʲôţš
תͷȴ޾̣ɫ
ӣллЩ˵Ķ壬زǣǸúӣҪٰһ£ȥضô²ţĿ𳤡ڼͣʵڲ񻰣ðŹͷڵĵӣд󹦣֣
Ųһ򣺡һˣϿؼҡ
΢̲ס޺ʦ֡
ʶȥץ£һѰסһƣ΢źˣۿŲºԥ߽
ʦ֡
ȴš
Űѹħͬʱͷ֣ſһϣǿڳΧǧΪһ壬ѸںΪ׳޷ѹڵħ
ǿҵĸʴ׿ʼѪѵŲһߵԣűϤݣһ˲ϱͷ
ʦְʦ֡˵ʦܻټһ氡
ʦܣҡۿ죬ֳ̾ڲǵˣηѿˣ˪ɽûˣڵķˣҿ΢ͷҲˣǶˣ£ս˵ˡ
ݣѪɲȻҲСãӲ̣֮ӣ಻ãվĺӣ᲻ãһ̺ӣպ࿴˽̵ǡ
ʦ֣һҪ
ʦְʦ֡
ѪˮӿףŻѪ齱ߣգƴⱬѹڵһõĹϼ𣬽ѹһбڰɫƲɵ
죬һǸ
¶Ц
ǵãǰһգվɽۣľĺ
أʦأʦʦأĵʦֶͽء
Ļҵǲٹ⡣
ôܲΪأĸԸһѪ
ʦ֣ʦһˡ
³һѪأۣأһʦֵܡ
䡪
˰ʡ
쫷紵޾̵죬ȻһĮ̬һ޴ѺٿȻͨɽء
·Զļ
ֱð죬ɢĻҳУһJӰ
û˵˶֪֡
̫֮ʷǿһѽ
Ǻܡ


83 
صȴš
޾˼,޾̿ȥҵʦ𣬵Ĳ֪ʦܲѹ
͵͵ħʦ,һģʦħ,Ҳ,ҪԶز״,,ǧ꣬Զȥ,һĳʲô,Ҳ̬Σ֮ǰ˲״,ȥԼ£ñħǣˡҲ
Ѫɲ⽭ħ,һԭļƻˮ
Ѫɲ,Խ񲣬ᷢѰʦҲٹͻʧȥһĳ׹أʱᷢħʦ𣬵ʱ򡭡
ܣûбİ취޾ȥؿһڼʦѾѹһޱȲпطԼԼ
,һѾħ,ڶ̶̵ʱ,ֺѹ𽣣նɱǿľУ⸴Ǭ
֪ôȥš
ǲˣɣϣûɣ֪ʹʦҲɡ
ȰȰûеȵ޾
΢ϣĻһƬƬή
ʼڻ谵Ĺҽ䣬첻˵һ仰˵Сޣ˿ڡ
ħƺʲô£˶ýŲæһձһ٣ҲԽԽ٣տʼÿ쿪ſһڲڣѵżʮҲῪһΡ
סᡲһܲ͸ڲŵʱֻоһʵĹһһȥʱⲻɼţˡ
ֱ֪ú󣬰ٿȻײ
Υ̵ۣʮħɷҪߣ
һҪץֱֻۣϸֱȴǰܿ
һ£ŮվӲ԰ϸݣ̧ͷ˫ڵþ˵ǿտҿԼߡ
û뵽侲ķӦ˫۾˵Ϊʲôͷӣ֣߿ߣ
ĬظߣǵĲӺܼһ˵Ĳֻ̡
տʼףֱ߳ʵһ̣סյĻ⣬ḷ́׳ڼӰطš
һס
ǻ⣬һ˲䣬ûӦʲô
һɴֱӺߣ
һģȸЩħߣ߳󹬣ߵǰ
ٴοѪɲźںɫۣ۹ᣬͭףվڵ۹߸ߵĵݹϣͷڴڵغȾƣһ־磬ưظЩջĹ
ЩղŶħˢˢſڵϣ־˵£˴ˡ
ѪɲתͷĿԵʱ򣬰¶һѪЦݡ
󲽹ͻȻһס°͡
ؼˣҪ顣
۵춼Ѫͷŭ˻Цƽǳ̲û뵽һգ¾ǰ
ѪɲԶԶͿ
Ůĥøˣ԰ףϸ·һָϣһֻ۵ĸ򣬿ΪΪ
Ů֧ϰֱۣմݻһУ
Űɱȼյ۾һܡ뵽һ·ϿһУȫͻȻʼ
ǲΪ־壬ΪΪһֲŵĿϲ
Ѫɲ֪ôģͷǽ֮⣬ǳѾײԣǸŵڻգоѹѹ޵ʿһ۾Ϳ߸Ʈصġ
صġ
ʲôΣðڵƺ⽭ħĹǣ
µˣǲǡѪɲЦ˭ˡ
оԼŵٿȻɿȻֱ۱͵سסһ޷ݵ˺Ѱľʹ۶ϵѪһӿ
Ѫɲ߬סֱۣҰްļŻħָƤ˿˿Ѫ⣬һ̣͵קתͫﵹӳĻ⣬ǵӰ
ߴ󣬰׷ĺɫͷ»صķ٣෢͵ش䡣
ֵĳڸסᾶݵ壬Ȼ˫۽ߵһɫĴĲײصһ죬ǱĺɫһªỊ̵̇ӡһĳϡ
ģҰʶˮģ
ܡѪɲⱵĴЦͷ𣺡쿴˭
̧ͷ忡⻪·ǬʢģֻβһССĺڰߣħϸ䶯
һ̫ǿᶨˣħܶеֻɫĿڱħЮƵŮڻǱŭ⡣
ſڿڣǳ˵ĵͳŭʱҲ̴ֻңÿһֶгѪɲЮŮΪʣͷ𣡡
ѪɲҧźɫһϷŤ
ŮѪɲЦŮͽܣħսϻȥţһĹһαƵǰǧĴơ
ܣܣıѪɲסĲӣգһ˫ҵ۾ЦźܣϲܣˣҲˣ϶Ŷįһɭ޵պҶ壬ԱΪǷݲ裬ǿ񡪡
Ļδ䣬һѾֱ޾ȣЦųǰŮһҶƬƮۿҪâᴩâȴڹι޽ʱ磬
һֻѹͷ񱻰ůĴطڵϡ
ܵͷеῴ
һֱۿˮٿȻ¡
ʦˣ˽ˡ
һмҵĺˡ
ʦ𣡡޵ϡﻩʦʦ𣡣
Сſֱۣǰһ˽׵Ļһ˫Ľʵֱ۴Ӻ§סӲźˡ
ſңſ޺޾ʲôſңʦʦ𣡣
վʼĿһֳصİһϧźȴվֻܻ͵Ц⡣
صϣ׹űߣ۽ǵĺڰѸӣī֭ˮ赲ؽǹա
ۿ죬һ׶Ů᲻Ŀ⣬һۣת
飬ӢĺգѾػĺӣֻһ£ΪЩӵδɨ谭
Ѿ˽һڻʣһǵ㶫ȥ
תֵ𵴣ǿĽͣȴܻһƲɵ޿ƥеĽȻħȥ
ͫͣ
ԼĶĤĹ죬ԼѪ
κʶģ˺ѷεѾɤӼ
ʦ𡪡
Ȼ䣬ѡ


84 
εٿʱ,𾪵üʧ
ð죬žʦ
Ѿƽ´Ӫ,ݣ¼,˫һȴɽص,Ŀεÿʱ,εȻĵη
ָŵס½ǣʦ
Ŀƽؿ,Ѿе˼ʲôҲû˵,ֻǳʣɻصӣ
һ˲εò֪Ϊʲô,ǼȻЩ,ȥʦԼһֱصӡ
,΢΢,ſԱߵˡ
εſ޾Ҳڣһɫ侢װ˱ɱ䵭ĿһĮ̬վԱߣһѲôӵĺܷ
εﰵӿҧҧ촽
ȴƺ޾̵Ĳ,Щ,˵,ЩҪ
˵ҲˣѣǰˣǿҲãΨıնħѪɲʶħֵػѳѪɲʶɢҲˡ
εñǵײһ䡰ʱ͵һ̧ͷŵؿźܣֿԶĨԽ׹ģۿ
ʦˡ
ʦΪ˾Ⱥܣȥˡ
˶ڰصεֻܵͷѹֵص
˵δλΣΪ⣬Ȱźú¡ܱ˱ۣ˵һħ֣ħȻɢǾͳôһħ֮Ǭ磻ħɢۺϳɻǱⲻǬʱδͼ󶨣ʱһ޾Ҳ顣
㤶һʶ޾̡
Ԭʧߣ˵ʲô
һתؽЩġܰڰ֣ǲؿҵľѾ֤׼κպⴧҥԡ
̬ƽȻٲȻɸı䣬˲ҷۿ죬͵Ӧ
̫ϳ֮ͽţͽΪڡͽεü쳤ϣЭغˡ
û˵Ƕ˲״˼Ϊߡף״ϧԼټͻԷǬɽӣΪͷͽлԼλţȱ֤ΪǬŵͳܵ޾ȫ֣ศɣٺʲ
εҲ֪Щ֪Ǻܺõİš
ǵһ̣̲ס룬ʦûһ˽
ʦֻԪӤΪʦȲѣֻʦֲڣʦΪͽ˶֪ͽʱġ
ε룬ʦѾԼʦأʦֶشĹΪԶʦøܷڣƾʲôʦһ仰ʦͽĴӾֻΪڣֻܸСΪ͵ʦã
һ̣εһֱߵԹ
ʦΪʦɺʦûамֻԼĵӣԼҪΪʦ·ҪŻʦΪʦ·
εúסַŭԽԽŭ
ڴħǰεÿű޾̻ﺿ޵ĺͻȻһеͬǸ⣬ֻһƵĿ⡣
㿴ҲҪûʦˡ
ҵʦΪʦˣʦҲҪˡ
ʦãǰ˶㡢Ҫ㣬ǰʲôУɴڣԺҲһʣʲôˡ
׳ΰĵ۹ڴ̮
޾Ѻѹڻ˻ƵĿҪ޾еᣬʧȥȥ
޾һֱ֪ܣûһ̱ڿø
·оĿڷһֱ⡣
˵ֻô˭ռأ˾ֻᡣ
صԶǺܣɷ򣬱ܵˣȴȲŵĺܣ˵պһȥĺܡ
ʹһˣҲ޵ñȽġ
޾̾ûƣÿЦſȥˣ׺ݺ߬ס⣺졣
޵ûסʿ޲һںݺҧģˮӿƣȻ󽥽ںб
޾ޱ飬ǰ
ħӵ۹ߴ
ڰգ˱һõĳᴩظһ޴Ŀնɴɰħӿͬһʱ̣۹֮ϣܵҲʼɢ
ڵħͬʱڷѣǾصħûɢ𾪵ĿУȻħӿȥ
ħͻȻһХⱵĴЦܣһУһ
Ӯˣ׻Ѫɲ
ɲǼ䣬Χɢħ񱻾̰ӿħ壬ħۣ¶ޱãȻ顣
ͷԼǰδаħȻ⡢ǡʲô

޾ƿڶȥ
žװīȥƤңǿ׳ޣҪ˺ȱߵĺܣ罦ĹѪԾߵ
Ծ͵ķܣ޾̿ԽԽġڵ۹֮ϵİ׷
ǰһеӣưܵС¥УֻܹڵϣĬصȴǿþˡ
󣬲׺ɣӢ۳ĺյҲƻĩ·
ΪԵɣԭûɱܵĴ㡣
ܸҰѵݵУҲûвյĵ
Ȼ۾
۾ôôӳŹ֮ϣīµ֣κθ͵عᴩʦ塣
Ҫɢص⻺ۣƴĺ޾ӿȥ
ûܣվⱻˡ
ܿѪɲľϼһһӣΪԼܱض컯һͼҵȴעҪܸһˡ
ܲô⣬ʵӲһвҰĵˣ˼ĻɽͣʵصĽ̫ˣʲôҲѾһ˵̤ơ
ֻʣһҪ
޾̡ע޾̵˫ۣҲ˲ֱӵȣҪǵãǰŵԡ
޾̶Ŀ⣬ǰʢĽǷ·ԽĽ
һʿ캦Ϊ
ڶ㵱ڳ
޾ǣ𴽽ǣ˵ǳŪĮ˵Ļش統ꡣ
ħΪ飬ڻδޣʹһƣҲ˺
ܵ
Ѫɲͬ˵ĳŵһġܶ˵ˣѹ㣬Ҫ֪ڿһ죬˱ģڤڤгͷɹͣشʹ㣬Ҳӹ
޾̸֮Ц
ҲǿƫͷŴվͻȻӦŮ
ңԶľ룬Ȼڴеײײţ޵ˮѵ촽ſһʦ
ʦʦ𡪡
ܿŮӰС·ǰǷֵҵĸ̨ϣذڴеײײĺӡ
ĳĵӣ͸õСŮ
ûˣУԸصĳϣһС
ʦЦ
վЦȻһʧ
ˣúӣˡ
г
Ǹ֡
ˤڵϣ̲סޣ
ʦ𡪡
һΣûʦˡ
һֱɣûеĺˡ


85 
޷ʮķ͡
˰,û衢澣ʱͶҹ˺д䣬Լȡ˸嶾ӡڻ,֮ǰƽţ,һ̫ƽ,̹̬ȷ,ߵǶ澵Ƕ
Ȼ,µͣϼְֺ,ֹܲ,˦ֲ,޷ֵڣ󣬸ɵĵһ¾ǴȫͶħ,óϼûѪ
޷Լ,ħͱ˵ǲһ·ˡֶһʱͶǿԵģԶͶǲܵģԳ޷һħģһߺϹ˽ͨ޾˲£ۿʤħѪɲҪ.ɵˣѪɲ,ֻ,ħﻻ˸,Ǹħ
ֱǵù迪ˣó޷ˤ׾Ʊ
ˤƱ޷Ի侲˼ѪɲѾˣɣȻҲǸħǸȣòȥʮǧ޷ʵƲӣһ׳ĴΪԵɺħԼһֻŪ
ů޷һУһԼԶС¯ϵľƺԼһ
յ꣬ĻűƿŮϥһѻŻֱͷľڵ߽
޷ҪµľƺæԱһյæ˰˼ҾȻôˣʱá
˵ţߴ޾̣̬޳òûκζı飬ԳһǿƱ˵Į
޷ﰵ࣬ǵǰ޾̣ȻŵĮôһº͵ƤӣڿɺãƤӶ˼¶ıˡ
޷ܼɵ޾̣˵Ƿ޾һҲ˵ģҪʵûѡЩҪԶжԶ
޾߽£۽ĹӹһİӰԳһԵ
Ҫ˵Щϻƣ˵ʲô
Ȼô˵ҾͲϻˡ޷һָ֣˳ָƽԭķ򣬵ǱǸʲôʱ򣬸
֪֮˷ʲô˵Ĭ˺ܾá
ħѾòˣҲûؽǻƽԭȥˡ
ƽĶۣΪһħȫʵͷʵˣ޷еͬⲢ޷
Ѿ˪ɽ군˰ֻأŻϱСò񻰣ڶҪλǬŵҵԪˣûиǧ˰꣬뻺
޷֣Щǿ̫ˣ˵˵˵˵ⲻǽ̫Ķ𡣡
Ҳ֪˲ʲôöЩǬŶǺˣΪΪΪ£Ǻǵģ𾴲ܵǲǣնˣӶں⹾ڹðˣҲûٶŶӵĵ޷ɫˣһֳҰĵƹ⣬޾̵۾һһ˵屻ʮݶ꣬Ǭأֵɽ󺣡ĵɵأȫЩǬռţʢɽŵĸ߸Ʈڸ˻˵ֺôҪԶѹһͷǿǵĵǱڣǸǿǬأǲҲ˵һˡ
޾û˵
ĮΪ
޷֮ǰԼµˡ
ݳ޷۲죬޾ȻϻˣȴûʲôУΪ׳ֻΪǿԼȨ
޷֪޾̾ôģʲôںں壬ں֮ںħ֮һ޽ɵˡ
˶˵Ϊ˶ΪԼһƴɱɳ޷޾Ϊһ
޷֪޾ٻںһ¡
νЩҲܳһˡ޷۹һת˵ϱϴԶѹһͷ͸ģϻ˵úãвԼУοǻƯСϱɷģ˵֮Ҳܿϱɫ˽ǡ
ٿȻ
޷оȫƤһƤðæҲЦЦϹNࣣģõϴģҷ˸Ƕƴӡ˳
ⴿƨصĺСһλȥѲˣ˵Ѿɱ˪ɽԹȥݣǵþְ𣬺ͷ­Ѫζˣ˵߶ؿշδ
һְСΪҵδޣһǿӲôôԸŮ֮µδ
Գ޷ḻĸ龭鿴
޾̵˳޷һۣ޷ͷƤ飬ЦԼ£ĵԴԴ죬磬Ҵ磬ɱҼƽϰ
ʱܹܴӣƽԭǱߵʹŻ
޾˵ͽ
˰ųⲻʲôܣⳭдݹһͬ޷ǰһһݿ
ҵ찡޷񾪺ħҪˣ

оֱԽԽˡ
ӣ¶ײýۣ˻Ž⿪ɴ¶ɫ˿ڣճѪˮһСӿɢһСƬǵĺ
鵹һħʲôʱеħ
˿ڣ촽
ħ죬Ѫɲ״ֱۣ߬ʱ͸оһʹֻ̫Σûע⣬Ǹʱ
Ѫɲʱûɱе֣ԭĶƣǶʦı
۾̲ס˵Ȼϵֶ
һĭӣʱ㻹˵ʲôƨҪħħˣ
Ҳһħأ˵Ȼأ㣬áĵЩ£ԼѾĥµûƢˣ˵ǵ׵ľˡ
վ߳Ӫʣݵĺιӣһ޼ʵı˪ɽѩɽڻɵĺ
飬鷺ĹΣؼϸϸķۣתӿУ⽥һʵɫ
飬긣ʥԸ⳨ϸĻƬи˻ķɶӿ
ʲôҾУ㵱𣬸ղ֮㡪ãá
֣ãæ󺰣˹ˣҳŻˣ
Ҳϵĸͬܣ͵Ķӣְ̧ѳջ
ãá
̱Ĵã˵Уװˡ
ûˡҲһãָͷ㣺˪ɽʦ֣šʦ𡣡
ЩӣѲ߹طռĲлǶռ
ȥֻأ׼ʿֻأԼһлȡעһĲлɢؼ䣬ֻʱ⽥ֱûóʧ
ҵ궼飬ֻȨ֮ƣزôǣЩҲ޷棬ҲΨһ·ֻλң˵ġǴ˵ߺɵ֮
ֻǸ˵ȥĶҰ黹Ǿð쿪ֱۣʲôˣٺûţԼ궿ˡ
룺Ҫ궿ˣҲסȥ
ƨ鲪ȻŭΪǲҪǮĿջססװЩǶҷҪո㣿붼Ҫ룡жԶԶ
Сڣװûӣ
뿪˪ɽ۷Ծǧ֮ϵĸ߿գƶУȥ·ϣվڴͷһ̧ͷͿѹѹա
峿ⲻ㹻ɢЩһһֻҵ÷ڵɫ
ԽվڴͷþһĻ
ձԽԽˡԽૣⲻƣǰɡ
ҡͷ˵ǻ
һֲһû̬ʣһֱڵģʱ޿̲ɣܱȻڣϢһѭ
ÿŸСǿʱĳʶдģûдǣǬӼʮ꣬ԽԽࡢԽԽ࣬ɹȴԽԽ٣ʧ⣬Щֻǻۣǻ۵գͽģڵģ
գһ̣ͻȻķ
ôĻ࣬ضۣҲıܡԷѰ·ǽʴһиӪʣҡҡ׹Ǭ磬飬ħǬ磬ħ֮Ļ࣬ݻٸٻеһС
ԵѪɲЩǿħħǬšʦ֡ʦ߲òȥһ﷢չıȻĹɣɵĩ·еĴͳؽͨͨ飬ۻġûеġǺõģҪʱҪ飬ڳĿռ䡢ʵϣͳ
ԽҲ޷뵽ЩҲȻеһĪδ֪СãȻĩհգͻȻһʣǡĻܡħ𣿡
һǵˣΪħĳ޵ᶨΪһ԰ħǬ磬һ̣ҲãȻ־塣
ǬŴһֱΪħ.ߡǾԵĵˣЩħǬ磬ͳ⣬ħΪʹΪеȴʵһеĶ
ԽͻȻе־壬һŵҡĿ־塣
һ̣ᶨˡ
ħǸĿģֻһַԽ˵ǬŵʹάǬ̫ƽά밲Ȩ
Խ͵ؿ򰢳İϸµĲգ򾲶ƽͣһԽ޷Ķ
ħǵİչøãǵȻҪǣǣѾõѡҲԽǣǣǱͬʱһոµĹͳǡѹǣǿʵΪк顣˵Ҳħܹ棬ֹؽΪǱضҪȱ֤ȨϣǸȥɵʹ
Խһûʶˡ
ǡǡԽͣ㣬ô
Ĭһ£óһϲԽһ֪εʦĻ顣
ʮǰħεʦˣʱǻڳѲ̫Զ˸ϲȥԽﲻȥμħĵ񣬵̬ȴȻдŸƽԭĻʦ֣ûʦִϺ
Խﲻף˵ܶԷ˵ѪɲѪɲѾˣεħƷвҲûж⣬شǬŵմӽߣħͣǬѾ̫ˣҪٴɱɱˣһ̫ƽɡ
ԽÿЩĪȻ֪ô˿̼óϲ̲ס˵Ҫħ𣿡
ҡͷ
Ҳħ֪һͦ򵥵ˣвƷС˵һΪضҪɱԽԽá
Խһ㶡
ϲüᶨ¶ĳ־ġ
ħ飬˵ʱҲغǬŽ䱸Сʱ򡣡
Ҳˡ˵Ŵ䣬ħأûзʱɱѹħֵ


86 
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²һܸɵģĳ׶ȥ,˵Ͽ顣
͵ߵȥ޾̡
̫æˣû˵޾,е,Ҳһ,еȥҼ,Ȼϣӭͷͳ˸Ÿ
ҼֱӰ,ȻǽԺ,ֻû޾̵,ܹΪѵظ˵ӻڱչزͰ
Щȥ׻ֱܹܣܸܲ˵ʵ,ıչ,ǵز뿴ѽ
ܹܶʱ¶Ϊѵɫ£⡭⡭
һ¾ˣض޾̵ĳƢ
ͰܷƢ֤չرյͦɹΪǲǸһ¥
ֱ鷿ܣܹæסϰҵڣ治ܽ治ܽ,Ĺǰɡ
ס,̽ͷ̽￴,ܹܺͽǵʵʵֻͣ
ðɡ˵
ܹܸ˵ʲôͼͣӱ֪ĶͳСȡ
ܹܣ
ιιȻԺӾͺ޾̣棬л˵
ʮ㡢ֱ׳غ׳׳ףҪҪҳףԽԽãڣ̣ϣ
ܹǰһڣûʹȥ
ûӳȥ
ϾţҼҵٷˣҶǸˣÿܵ޾Ժȡ
޷ͣⳡ棬ȫǸɶ
ŮŤͷ޷һ˫ҹеӣ𨡢ϸһ
ˣ޷룬޾ΪʲôǬŲȴڻŲԼˡ
濴Щ죬һʱв֣˵ǡ
ǳ޷񣡡޷һſھ뻵ˣ̫ˣһ¸òˡ
ԭǳϵɲ֪ʲôϾͺܻȻæСȱں棬˵һ񣺡ãǺ

ĸﰡҲ̫ɰˣ
޷ѪҪҲ̱ģӣЦеع֣̫̫ˣҪʲôأŮнұģǲ֪Ľ˶ãܿݣֻýⶼûô
ôûôͳķлһ²˼ڰ֣ŷְСóˣæְֻڣûûУ̫ˡ
޷ĶҪðҪٿڣһ±ײ
޷ȫëоһɿֲѹ£һŤͷ޾վڴߣһֿ˵Լ

޷ɫһӱˮ͸˵Ȼ޾Ƥ¹ϱ񾭲ðԼʬʮ˿飿
޷亹ðѵĶԲߣͿŮ۾һŤͷһͷС¹ܵߣóˣҪҳ𣿡
޾̵ƵŴӳ޷ŲŰ˵ɻ飬ⷳҡ
õĺõģҾǳھͿԿʼ׼˵ôԹԵ˵ذ䣬һ¡£ٲ£㶨ˣȥˡ
޾̵ɫҪԴš̲ס̱Ц㵱ԼʯģҾͱȢ㣬ҲȢģɻ飬һȥɺˡ
һ˵ȻɲˣҹѡԵԷ磬˵˵ţȻһװɳװɳװɣҳװɣ޾޾޾ˡ
޾̣
޾ԴðȻһԺ⣬Ժտգ޷ˣʶ޾ͷɱ΢
úϻֱӰѴֹϣੲݣҵӦˣҾ͵ӦŶҳȥϢˣҸħдŶҵûȥһ£Ŷ㡪
˵˵߾ߣӶءĲҵѳ׶ӣϷ
ʲô˶
޾Цһֶ˷ѿ࣬תͻȥչˡ
޷߳լԹ亹
˲Ѿ޾ʮ˴
ܹܿͣ޷ģ¶㵺ɵɫ޷֪϶Ǹ˾ͷתתͻȻȸ̾ղٷˣٷ˹ֺÿҾͶ࿴ۣû׷ᡣ
ܹ֪޷ɫ¼ʲô£Цٷޣӿϰˣ֣նעЩɱᡣ
޷ҡͷ˵ˣһΪλ˾飬ϲεأ֮ǰʱǺõúܣλεҲΣ˹ɫļˡ
ϣĻɱٷ˵˵ܹЦĵɫ顢ȻĹʽҲãοһδ⣬ٷչٷˡ
⻰˼޷ĥţЦ֮ˣˡ
޹ߡ
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λŪˮòŮӯӯ°ݣūڡ
үźֽ޷ӣɭɭЦүдħħ»ϲ

ļڣƮѩ
һ죬լǰʻһܵ͵ŵ޳
ܹܴæӭͼŰ޺õϸ˱Ů³ְñժ䣬¶һűĵ¸ӣü΢ƴ΢΢¶Ц棺ܹܣɻϵҡ
˵Цˣô᲻ϵáܹæǷεôˣ
⻰ճڣܹܾ֪Լʴˣεüø¶ſЦİ⡣
ʦҪϢ˾֪˵ϲġ
ܹа⣬ʲôϲεﺬίָ˵ˡ
ܹæε涼ᣬȿ롣
ܹӭεýԺ߽ԺӲãߡﻹһ۳ɼֽ
ܹһ㶣û뵽ŸϢӾͼųˣܹ̰εķ̧̧
εÿ޾̣ѿڶҹӡ
ܹܿͣ½Ų
޾ŸһˣͿεãӶסƳƳݵɫ½߲ˣֽ
εûעЩ޾̣ڰٸн죬δᾹ
ܹʶعˣԼεߣʱ飬ҲԸ⣬㣬˵ԴҵΪأ˵ӲЩССҲżŶã㡢Ҫʦóɻˣǰʲôء
ܹ
ȻӶεԽԽˡ
ܹܿóٷǱߡѾ⽥һشķꡣ
ȻεѾ޸ħӵĴҲڼǶǻӣ㲻ʲôһƽˣٷ˵λãҪ׻ˡ
ţܹܶ˼֮ǰԳ޷˵ģٷڱϾٷˣҲ
εҪ޼գԶ˺úź򡣡ܹܵԸԱߵ̴ӣȥǱߴţ˵ӱչأЩٷ˲ˣÿһˡ
ǡ

ȷ޾ҪϢͿʼдд壬дħ
ȻĿĲ̫黹飬ҲûŪ٣淭˷֮ÿ¶мգĴָȻţֱѡӣָ⻮ţ仮һĳȦ֡
Ԫ¶ʮˣǹ갵Ľǽڡ
һ¡
֣·ֻصǸҹ
ϸʵ㲻õһ죬ūeܾһαװ඼⧲¶
վȥԼĴùĽ䱧һСϻӣһ򿪣¶С
޾ô͸ණЩֲֹʵõİڼˣżСɵû˵ʵһЩϲм
ϻһţǴһĴָŵһߣַ˷ϻóһϸ
ǰǴιҹ磬һνֵʱ͸ģպֲܴڣȴܺãʱΪǴ·ĸ̯λģ뵽ûļӻðôõ
޾ֵģ͸ġ
ӣ˻Ī뵽㲻Ķ
֪ΪʲôͻȻ̲סЦ
ȻһְȺƽͣһֺݵůЩΪ̹ĵʧʹࡢԹޣůǰԵ΢ˡ
޾̵Ŀʼãαװƭ棬ЩĭǼٵģһͬĥҲǼٵģ
ūeܾ̮ʱӲϳȥħʱֻһͽ⿪ϣֻ˵仰е˼ټʦһ档
йܶ಻ãҲиĺá
ʦˡʦֲˣû֪δ˷κʱˡ
ϧԺÿһ죬޸
סӣյߵߣʣÿһдϻڡ
ддţĪе㼤վתȦ̲סȸ޾д˷š
װģϲʽдһ飬ڵּӴţд⿴˿ԱȦġԪ¶ʮˡԲԲضʵʵνȺǸϹӶһۿĵز⣬ŷĹȥ
ţд
ҧűͷﰵڴ޾̻ʲôӦ޾ûʲôӦլŵ̴ˣ˵޾ֱչˣܹǲһʱ䲻عȥðһˡ
չˡеʧ䣬ܿ񣬱չزźãɱħҪ£޾̱չأʵԽǿʱ͸аգõģ֪ллܹܡ
ٷ˿̴ǷǷ뿪ˡ
Ҽҵߺ󣬰Ҳͳȥʱûʲôش졣
С޾̹˽زˣﻹǲŵĵطԸ棬ȥסز״塣
ɲ״̫ˣټһƬӣֻһˣ棬ֻԼԼ˵ߣԱ߾ʦλյҹ͸𵥱ػζĳֹ¼ŵӼһ·˹
ͻȻļž
ʦڵʱԲѵʱɽҲֻʣһ
ڣʦַûˣŲˣʦˣһˡ
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죬ɨһ飬ʰɾˣɽȥˡ
ȥ갣޾̳أ˵˵˵ʲô˵˵С
갵죬˺ܴѩ
ɡլߣؽлû̯Ĵ̯ӣƮѩУŰ̵ӼѵĴ˳
һԼڣȻˡ
еɣҭúᣬڶ룬ͷȥԱ߽ӳԣǼҵһԴüĿϷ򸾣պܺãȺͶ֧̯λ
תɡѩߡ
߹תǣԶԶǼ̯λΪѩʳͲ̫࣬ľųԵȻ죬ѳſֽɡӰվ̯λǰ˳ȹ΢΢ڵ㵥Ա߳ɡǸ꣬īɫֽɡסӰֻԼɼʵػˮ
ѩ´ˣվڽֱ¶˶ɡѩٳҪһܹȥȹʱ¶űɴסЦ䣬Ŷĵ˿
ĽŲͣ¡
īɡ΢΢б̧֣ӵӹȵֽֽ𿪣ݸȹ
εʦӹȥһֻժɴСĵһҧƤһ¶ϲ飬̧ͷЦŶ˵ʲô
޾̵ĮӸһЦ΢΢ס
ŮΪεʦɡϵĽǰ濪·꿡İߣëѩ׷סԶȥıӰ
վȥķþš
֪˶ãоͷ
ЩӲŤͷѩˮ˳Լɡصεδ£ԼѾһƬʪۡ
ɡֱѾû׵ѩ̯λ
ҪһСҪһĶ
˵λˬʸɩӣ˵ǱߵĴͺһˡһ־һҨ̻ɫȶĴҨҨҨһ롣
ŮˣȻǰٵĿ˵͵ʣλɩɩҼǵǰһүүѽ
ŮֽˣˬϿˣǹţʹȽŲãǳˣǶúãģζһ㲻ġ
ԭŮЦЦţҷġ
˽ĳ£һ£Ů˾ͰڵİӶѩ׷ɣȵİƤϸϸİ
һöҧһƤŨ֭ˮӿһڲˣƤһ̵
ĹĵӶڽ˽ȻͲ򿪸ӣŨȵİӿ
ǰסףͷҨҨɫĶҨҨţǼȻһᣬ̲ס
ˮһһΣҽ
ȥɽ亣ζð
룬ȥɽ亣ζζʣȥƷ塢赯ͣһиŵġġɪ飬ôѹ
εʦ㣬ѩ죬һɡӳԡ
ͻȻһһμʱƤȥ飬˵ɻ飬˵ΪԼʯġͱȢ˵Ȣ
Ϊ˵
ԭû˵˵Ļ
ģѾȢˡ


87 
͵ɡ
εת,Ц˵
޾̸վűߣŷͷۣ忡ͦ,Ĵ΢΢Цɫӳ,ȴˮ
εÿ,ﷺ˵ζ
пİĽ,ϤлеԵİ,޾ʧûп
֪˼̫ϲص̫,ǡϲ̫,ٵø㹻۵ס
һ·˳硣º˵¾ɴҡ
εúȻ̲ס,һʱҲ
һѩν֡ԽֱߵСʳȻҲվ,侲ֵĮ˵䡰һ·˳硱
,ε˵ģսħ죬ħڼγϡ˺ѷεȥƤڳ鴤һɱ񼸺Ůǧ,ȴ׻,ʼûɿ
ɱԹ,еᣬ鱡԰׵ֽ
ε΢΢һЦͻȻȡңǰҪϵϡ
һ˲䣬оȫǲǾϲһްܶ˿ɱ⡣
εñѹɫһ²԰ף޾ѹŰϵ䡣
йͬ־ε룬ϲҲڼϲ
оòС⣬󷽵壬ֻҪʱ䣬ô
ֻҪͼ֮ʳܻ᳹ȡ
ңͳҺңε˺һЦЩӣллҹӶҵд
˵ŮҵƤĻ̧ͷȴûпӦõķӦ޾ָεÿµֱۼڼ̣ʹҹɫֻܿɫҲԳƲϺÿ
εõٿȻһ
лð죬ڿڣºͣȥɣ·Сġ
εú޾ݸЦţתȹϳ
ϳһ̣εɫˡ
ؿھеǰδеĻ衣
ʲô
εû߬ȻתȥսֱǼҰ̡
ɫˣ̯λѾʼӪʳݵŮڽĳϣһͲģͷغȡ
εǰͿ
Ҳû뵽ôɣֻܹܴ޾̳ȥʲôʲôýѩѩ·С곢ײ˺һжոպá
ε룬·ⶼڰ
ͲССŶо¡
ʦáε˵û뵽ǻ
ūeܾͰ޻ңʱһͬΰɱŽϤε˵ҺܺãҲ£Ҳ¶˾ģԸ
ûпǳԼ˼Уҹɫ¿տĳ֣˵ʦã֪Ϊʲôѡ𣿡
ߣҿóﻹ㡢и飬˶˵ʽʱڻһѽҲ᲻áεã¶䣬Ҳܻ䣬Ѳǵ거ҼˣΪƬǬµˣѾҪһѾǿֲ˳ĽҪһȫȫĵļҡһλ󷽵ķˣʦãܺã㻹Сӣ˻ϲһӣԸȢһӡ
ʼû˵
ð죬ͻȻڣȴһɵ£εʦ㣬㰮𣿡
㿴˵Ļ
εЦģôҪᡢλȨأִҺãҾͿϲԸ޸һô찡
һһ磬ǶɱҵķǶɱεûЦЦݽˣҵʦˣʦֱ̳ʸô죬Ҫһ̣Լ䵽ľء
ʦã㲻ԹҡεԽ˵Խʹࡢ̲סԹޣȲһ·ģҴʦ𡢱ȫغǣǷҪٵҼѵһУ㣬Ǻʦ꣡ǲʣͲҪҲ塣
Щ˵ڣε˲еһйĳ죬һֽʹ죡
ΪῴŵġʹġƴŬ͵ӣǰʱһƶ֪ô߸ϵġﲻмؿСʦá
һ룬ĵⱻݺݴˡ
Ҳ·εŮɳƵֻʲôҪҪҪȨҪʦ·Ҫ̫࣬ĳȴ̫խݲ£òԹޡ
һشͷεһ˲ûӦǴӺ˵Ļ
εòţ˵ʲô
ûпεãͲ¶οģ˵ʲôĻ
Ͼչʦ㣬ǲŹĵӣһΪΪǬʦټʦһ棬ʼռ
ʦ𡣡˵ԹңʦҵʦΪضĴӢۣЩССȥӢ顣
εõɫ䡣
Ͳվ뿪
εȫ£źıӰһŭʺ͵سͷ
ƾʲôԶôߣȫֻǶԵģǸɾģ˭ȫǱСˣӣ
ε͵վҪȥլҪȥ޾𣿡
ʱĽ㣬ôƤأ֪ΪʲôҪūeܾ޻Ϊƣ㣬ĻԼεЦ˵Ժƻ飬Ȣ㣻Ѿǵ꣬ģȥ֪ո뿪仹Ϊϵҡ
㣬ҾûûƤؾһˡεúȻ˵ʦãʦ㣬ʦ㣬Źɣ֪֪һֱΪԹ޷ѣΪŤʹ࣬㲻ǰİͽưɣȫǰɣ޺֮ǵȥ繲ͳĺѹħұضȫȫԼţⲻõİ𣿡
ĽŲס
˵ûС˼Ľҩ
ϴûнⲻĹơѾ˵εƹˤЦʦǺʦѪɲʱҲϲ㣬ǿߴôܰڷ粻¶㣬㲻Ըȥˡ
ðɣ֪˵Ҳûš
ҡҡͷˡ
ʦá
ûлͷŽǰߡ
ճƵ鶼ûҿ޾ʮ˴
ĸ״򣬳˳ֳ˳С˵Ҫȥ޾𣿡
ҡͷ˵εʦ뿪ȥضҷʲô
סţɶ˼㲻ȥ!
̧ͷҹա
֪εʦ˵˺ܶٻ˵Ҹ֪˵Щġ
޾ҲǲϲϲֻеŤʹ
һˣϣԼ޼᲻ݡϣϣϣһλ硢Ϊȵķˣʱ͸ԼµδһֱΪԼӦұصﵽĳɾ͡
ԶҲ䲻ӣһˣעܻΪָʹţǰǣδҲǣҪЭá
Լﲻã֪ƽҲƣԹ޵ȨзѡһʺԼӵȨ
ȻҲȨھܹȥʮƣվԺ˵
Ұһֻ棬еĶֲôĶվû˼
˰ɡ
εʦ㣬Ҳˡ
ôˣǸεһ֮ʣôˣֱըϴŭôȥһ棬ٰǸεĻȫ˵һ飡ҾͲǸôۣ
ЦðɺðɣϾȥ
ţʲôϣھȥ
Цҡҡͷ
ûҿջͱŴͲһ·˾Ъڽֱ£ҹɫ͸ع⣬ʱů˵ʯվ½ǵĻҳȥǼҵ꣬һµĹͶ
ߵʱ˫ݵǮЦŶŮ˵ɩɩǴң鷳Ǿ˵ǽġ
Ůһ㶣漴¶ֵ̿ɫæ˵ûû£ܳ棬Ҹ˴ҵϢ˵ˣҼ˾ͷˡ
Ů˲ɿϲЦտͷããСġ
Цǻ˻֣Ͳˡ
ȥլߵš
峿լѾæµˣȥԺ鷿ſڣ鷿ѾŻȨڵȣһۣԺ
ܽʱ޾ڻ·ܹ°尵Ƶ۷ϣվͭǰ޳ָǰỬţƳһ¡
ϵģʲô䵭粻ƫ˻·ʱԽԽйء
ʹͲݸ緹
ʳֱף޾ü俴ҪſڣͿŵ

ҶŵܹɫٿȻ΢䣬ʶӡ
޾ͫ΢΢ﷺˣɫȴ䵭򾲣¶ɫ˵ʲôɲĶá
ûпԶžԼĹᣬֻһ˵䵭Ȼ
һȻЦ㲻ǵˣǰһȥԵǼ
һ··ŸϵսǾŵҰӵ˺óĶӲ򵽡ԹԵأѽҽȥŷ֣ѾԭүүˣѾǵĶӶϱˣζûб仵˷ˣŶʱ˵˵ǶԲɩɩĬһķøˡ
ŮʹӲҳĬֲٷ߶߶ζ˵ЩԭլϸС¡
޾ƽҲNࣇNεòɣͷЩɻ䣬һǼҵ꣬Ȼʹ죬ֱ߶߶ûͣˣһ£㵽˵ʲô
ͣס졣
ߺܺãֺϸ£ܹܿŮẉ̂ɢɢ塢һöµûҡ
ûʲôҾ˵˵ѺҶͲŵߣҿ鷿кܶ˵ţȥæɣˡ
޾һǷҿˣڽ㻹ĶҴܣʵţʼ׼񡣡
ҪƢӣûܾ룺ǰһеҪͻʦ˵ҽҲߡ
޾ùЩ㡣
Ŷһ˵һȥǰסǸԺסˡ
޾ЦȻأ㻹ס
ЦһЦ˵һˡתˡ
ֻصϤԺӣվſڣԶԶˮ鿱߹Ҽ̴ͣȻ࣬ûʷӺա
һţЩԼֵһ¾Ͷʧ
ߵߣʦλӲ˲ϣ˻Ȼ˫۵ſλ
ʦҲҲ˻ͻȻС˵Ҳһˡ
Һе㵹ù
ЦЦЦţ
ʦ޾ҲҪˡ
ȵҺţ˵Сһȫʹص͵͵ʣġˡ
£ֻʣһˡ
л˵
Ҫдİˡ


88 
ִ갵ʱ,ѾԪˡ
ã޾ɫ䵭Աߣﻹжʮ,Ǭǿڵղ,ڡڵǬŴڵԬɵ,ļλ,簢֮ǰĳ޷
ѾѸ˵Ķߴ,Ҷ֪Ҫˣ鶼ܸ,ո൱ѹ֡
ҿ˿,ΧҲ̫,ҸһҪȥͶӣս־ɤӣҲô,ʤ㻹Ǻܴ󡣡
ǣԱԽſ˵,һɽѾתֻΪһѾһ׼ǲ˵磬ǲǲμӺϼ䰡֪ĻΪȥɥأ
һ˳ΧɱħǸ˾ĺϼأ˲ɿ򰢳,λٵǰ,Ƣ۾ЦЦ,ȴҲʲôϲãԱλҲ鵭Կһۣ֪ΪʲôɫͻȻøˡ
ƣҲǴҹⲻ棬Ҳûհ
صѾô˵ˣǿǣҶϵĳݻ¶Ц
ʱˡ
ͱħηųǰ̬Ⱥ࣬˽ºͰŹ˵һֱѪɲռԼΥԼԣǬźΣͲϣ໹ԸأҲνˣħǱ߻ܶЩ£ؼħĶ
һ·糾͸ƣʹ˵
ħȥزμӴ䡣˵ĵһ仰ôҲ֪ϲǣľףǱصþ£ЩػΣأƽԭħĽѿ˰֮࣬Ѿǰ
Ȼ󾪡
Ҳ˵ػ࣬ѾʼӰ˼䣬յԽԽķţ˵Ǭص˴µħޣɳӵȥѲ̽ǻңⶼģأЩɽҰǧ֮أѾǻιȴ
˸оԬֱ̲ס˵ôص̶ֳȣ
ҡҡͷ˵Ǹոտʼħ糹ױѣħӴ˽Ǭ¹ͨǬÿ䣬ǲħе
Һĵ⣬ֻԼδĻ棬;䵽֮ȣӼʮħսֵһˡ
·ӡħ磡дķһ¾װվòӢüĿǳڵղ˫Ŀ˵ǿЧϹʥˣǬħ·ӡ
ꡣ
޷һЦЧϹʥˣС˵ɣ֮ǴˣΪʥˣǧʥ˼˲ħ磬˶ûУôЧ£ƾЧ£
ղŴȴ˵Ϲƾħ磬ֻ¼ӹ̽磬Ǭͬͬδز
޷¶ɫ˵˵ͬͬǶѧ㳤ڣեǸҸѪȥܲǽĴ
ղȻȴɵ޷еĳŭؿ޷񣬳޷ֵұңҲûãҿûгǳڵ˼ҵ˼ǣ㲻Ҫÿ˶ڣǸʮڼҵҵи˶ûȥ¼棬˵ǣʮƫƧСκһС壬ȥʣԸħ޵׶
ղŭƤ֮ëɸǬѣÿأĵ
״¶Ϊ֮ɫһĮ޷ҡҡͷҲֱ̹ԣղС㲻Ҫ˵ħѣǬ»ָϹʱħȺľħҲɱÿˣ˴Ҹƾ£˭ı´Ŀ̾͸˭ռⲻˣôĻֻš
ղţ⻰ʲô˼ֻԼô죿Щ˽ô죿
ҲɥģΧݸЩ˽϶Ҳˡ޷̹ȻҪ浽Σѵʱ̣ҲֻʱҸɨǰѩˣǱ´ǵȻԶЩգ˳ЩȶǱؽְл
ǡ
ղָų޷˵̲סһְ佣ϾǷŭ޷ϴЦЩƲֱײɵСӣٿڴ䣬͸оһĿϡ
޷ĪһŤͷϰ
һġƽĿ⿴ûκŭ⣬޷ȴÿڳݽסȻ˵
Ů˫ġȴ侲޸ۣ޷ȻһοЦĿɰӣĪһֹĸоҪ˵ԼǴ㵣֮ĳ΢Ĳġ
޷ڱ죬ƿߣӢͦεĺ꣬ﷺһɬ
ղǳСӣСȴܺã˪οܿСʦܣ˵԰ߵȴûлˣһ͵׼ڵص
ղ񿴼ʱĺʦ֡
һһֱԹ۵޾УƳƳٿղ
ղŭ˵ղ¡
ղŤͷ򰢳ȴ߷ߣĺӣʶ𾴵ʦ㡢ѹס촽ת۴˻ȥ
Ұ˵һͳƾܸıģ磬Ҳ޿ܣš壬˵׶Ǭ壬һԱ飬ֵ˴֮Ψн߳ԴͨΪ棬˭ֻѱƵǰ浲塢һζ̰̰ΪѲǬķػһն˶ĵ
Щɫ䡣
ȫµĿ⸴ǻźŮƽ򶨵ݣһʶᣬҲĲص
㵽ֹû˵ʲôвĻοҼ䣬ôɢȥˡ
֮ǰûлҪͻʦ˵޾޾̡
޾̲ƵߣЦôʲôġ
ֻ˵صһ¡
һֱĬûô˵̧ͷһǣֵͷȥ
޾죬վڷȣߣ䵭˵Щ˵꣬ȥѻˡ
Ҽǵ
޾΢΢ףͷҲص뿪ˡ
Ͱ޾̵ıӰȴȻͬ¶΢΢οɫתͷ԰ɳ˵֮ǰ֪Ķҥԣ˵ǹϵһжãǴﱸΣɻȱʲô
ҡҡͷ
ڻüĿУӣ¶ϡһѾǻҺڵֱۡ

͵վ𣬲ſħƵֱۣ㡭ǡ
ʦ֣ҿܿ첻ˡ򾲣˵Ҳ֪һܳŶã֮ᷢʲôһЩ£ǰи㡣


89 
Ѿһ׼ˡ
Ѫɲı,˿ڵħûʱȥ֫ٺҹ˾ʱžӿ,ܿ԰ܱ鲼ħƣƣ˯,ʱһ糿,Ұһ㱡Ѫɫ
İ,ʦģ,첻,˵,첻ˡ
˵ԼĴ,鵱ʱȻŭĭӣתȦֺܾ,ǿͬľ
,ʹˣ黹̲סΪǼ򵥵Ϊʲô˿˲ȥᰡûֻʣһԪӤֻһƻǣһ紵ݶܽɢû־ɢ֮ǰҵʵͳûˣתͶ̥ĻᶼûУʹüܼʱҵµҲǱ˵,Զģܻ,ٰʮꣿʮꣿҪù͸, һסȥڶ͡
Ц߶žתȦϴϼȹڡ
ʮݵ뷲˽һƣϲ¶ź죬ΪȢзҰãɥ²ŴףǬ֮أ԰Ϊ֮ɫʿǵĺϼഩɫۣ޾̳ɻ飬Ϊذ䣬֪޾ﲢʹ죬˵´ɫ
ⱲΨһһδ飬ûҪ˭ˣһ
žգͻȻЦ˵飬Ҫˡ
ʶ뷭˵ȻأϲõЦݣĪ˵
Ƶš
һСʱ򣬱ǣȥ˼»ĹͯӣŰҷԲĺ촲Ҵ¶ȦǶЦ˵ϲϲ˵ףҲʲô˼ȥ·ͷ֣ЦŰұ˵˳׾Ǳһˡҵһҵʱһ¾;ãױضҸ¡
˵Ҷ˵ʿӦһ鰮ȫ־ã㿴ҴС徻Ͳһµˡ
鲻֪Ϊʲôоģ˵һʿֲͺͷУʲô徻徻
ҲЦºصϼֻĺȹȻȥͷѷͷµóϸڷŤͷʳ飺ÿ𣿡
ÿ
һ¿ɸˣžһͻȻŤͷܳȥ
֪Ҫȥ
ĺϼ䣬ǸģһʢְĵȨЭԼһɱħĺ硣
ֻнĺѣǺģǺ봩ķģѾķ
룬޾ܾúԶףѾమ
ѽҹԷܹܵͷһµŨ裬ԼӳӰȰӣҪЪ˰ɣջдء
޾һµһԡ
ܹܲȰֻù¡
ͻȻһ¡
޾κα飬ȥƿɫڣ̽ССԴ
ҿ˵ôˣ㻹û˯ѽ
޾ɱɢȥüȴš
ϵģ㷢ʲô衣޾˵ȥ
˵ˣ㡣
û뵽ͻȻ˵ĻʣµĻʱ޾̿ڳݼ̣һ¡
ɫУڴĻȡ
޾̳Ĭһ˵ʮݵķףǰҹ»޲ü档
ͷΪʲô
޾Ƴһۣ޿ɾҩȻΪѡʲôա
һԲ۾֪ôͻȻôš
ΪԼŰˣţǰôû֡
ˡԸߣӻͣͳ֧غɫǿ飺ǡ
޾̿ţǡ
еıʶסԭͷߵĻɤ
֪ΪʲôͻȻرǡСߴ᣺ҳһɣͳһ
޾̳Ĭ죬±߹ȥ߸߾һ֧ݸ˻ȥӡ
˵ָڱ˴Сһ񴥵Ƶģʶָ⣬ɿ֣ضЦɲģԼģ㳢ǲҲܺóԡ
޾䵭˵ҲϲʳԲ𡣡
ʱˣͲ˵ģǵҡһԼ֧ǿҧһڡ
̵ǿ飬̧ͷܿһ߸߹ҹУ
ͻȻ˵޾̡
һ仰һֱ˵
ᷢʲôǰ˵ʲôδ˭˵ʲô
˵ʶ㣬һر˵¡
޾̴ۿɫ˵Ͼϲˣֻվ͡
ʵѾ£ĳıһɱħħ֣ҲɹҲħҲ֪ᷢʲôܺ˰벽ҪôأҪôؽΪƬǬصĵ
ŤӣƽƤ£ѹżȱŰ뿺ܵҰģû˿ԶҲҪκ˶ҹĻĻǻỺ΢ز
оŷ־ŵʱôһ̣֪վǲһġ
š䵭˵һû¶顣

Сʯͷһӹȥ
޾̲ÿɫ
ɣе˵Щϻţ٣쵰ټˣ
ڰ֣ͷҲصˡ
ҹɫţ紵ȹڣٱ
ɫ⣬ҹ̫ˣĲɣһҲûע⵽
ţǰߣҧȻȡ·걻̵ɬȴ͵ĻȣЦ
컯Ūˡ
⡣
ѾŬһҹȥڿ̤ʵءȫˡ
ǰһƬС߹ȥˮС
ˮԣɫӳɫһĹ⻪ǰֵĴϸҧŸת͸о޽һбһ֧ϸĻŤͷ긺վԣ͵
Ҳزȥˡ
ɿ֣䡣
ӴԺֻգûйȥˡ
л˵
һ¿ʼ


90 
ٹһ,ҲֱۣԬҲһ졣
Ԫ¶ʮˣǸ,ȴһĺϼ,ǬԺնȻһմȨЭԼ,ֺ֮,֮ʢ,ض·Ϊ֮ճһֻҺڵɫ,ޱ޼ʵĳ,ѹ,㸲
ԬվȺУš塢ħ,ɰǧ,Ǭأ֮УȨһȺǿܿܿڴ˴ϴЦϲ󣬱˴˹ֵϲ
ħӵеħħ˸󣬴һɫģͦϲӣؿھһ컨վ»ħε,һͷǻʻҰ,˵ʱ,һСᡣ
ԬҲ࣬λظڳĬվڱУޱ顢۵ױ鲼Ѫ˿Ϸ·ƣߵƣʹԬ㱼䣬벻ǸӢͽ
ƺɧԬ˳תͷȥһӵлˡ
Ů뿡绪꣬ǴŴĻ£Ǻׯĺ죬ƵĻҲѪ
˴飬ðݼ˫ɺʦѾ䣬ϵ峤Ҳǰղţ޾̳峤ֻԼվȨƣȴò񻰡
ߵ΢վǰ棬չᣬ
˫Լϼϱͥظӣ죬档
ǺϸŮǰ˫ֺϵ
ʦаʮ̫ϳϺܣʦأԴ峤֮ͬá֧ΡΡλǰʦλ·ůĹ
֪ôģͻȻЦǣȹǣ¡
Լһ㸩˫Խͷߵţ棬Ӱл
Ԭٿеһǿҵ𺳣һִλģԴε
ԬƫĿ⣬ͦ޳ɹվٵߵʱһݵĿֻĬרע
Ԭҥԣ˵峤ò롢䣬˵޾Ǳƻ顢Ϊ濼ȢΪޡ
Ԭ̲סūeþþǳʢĵۺ飬ฮĻ⣬µתͷ̤޵ϼس𺣡
һһŮô˵
޾۽ǣԱߵŹ¡
εţָһ˲߬ס
޾̣ݸ档ͳԸȢΪޣٰ֦ü˺һɣЯְͷ
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ŵ꣬侲ݣͻȻĪĻ̿֡
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Ӳע⵽ŤͷѾҲ֪һΪʲôŤͷĶ˿һķСѾͷħɽǲ֪ʲôɣɽȥǸˣԺطռˣ˭
Ѿͷ֪Ϊʲôﲢر£ŹŹֵȻ׶񣬿ղɱ޾Ǹ飬Ǹ顣
Ѿ֪ĶүϾߣҲһҩﲡأҪһҩΣҲҩϾߣҲɽ徻
ҩһα飬ЦԷǣû˵ҩ
Ѿһ㶣æȥˮ̶ߣȴˮ̶ΧһƬ˵ҩһݶûС
Ѿһ˲ˡ
˵ˣ⸽ħˣһŲѶǴġ鷭ۣɹɡ˵겻ٴԱ߷ȥ
Ѿʧ䣬جج䣬ǿԶһʯͷʯͷ߾һλŮ
Ѿ˲俴ˡ
Ѿûôÿˣ·ɡǸֻԼģۣͷ­ƫȫһĹ͸ģȫȻǸˡ
ѾתתȦѾ˵үҪλʦҿ԰ġ
Ȼ͵һŤͷţܿ
Ѿȫһ·˲䱻һֿµѹ£סˣͣǡǡ
Ĭˡ
Ѿ֪ʲô֮ǰͬǸղ־ԼָԼߵͻأĬѾȴо·ԼһּĮֲп̬
ѾȻ¡
ð죬̻ʱ֡һǷꡣ
һˣǸСѾͷŭֹƨ¶ô࣬϶ϵġ
֣תһȦ
Ѿоǹ˵ѹɢȥˣûӦû˵ã㲻Ҫס֣ԱߵĴһ
ѾſʦֱһƴĭճָʾСǣʦ֣һžµƿ˳
ɵаɣҲá
һۣҲù鵤㲻˷ѣ궼ɢˣЩ֮ʲô壬ȸˣ˵ܶ
߰ɡȤ˵ȥǶ˵Ƭɽ׼ˡ
Ѿûƿ˳밢һۣתҩ¨ˡ
Ѿߺ󣬳ɾСɽ˸ɽѰŽȥɽȻɽĴϡɾ಻٣ʺϸǡ
꣬ʯߴǷɽܵˮžڵϣͼһСӰͷð
һ㶣ôˣ
Ѿܵɽߣ棬Ҳҽվɽߣͨһ¿ͷȻ߸߾ƿүллɵ׵ĲѾˣֻһţҰʣµû
ȻСϻĴ۾Ȼһ
Դӣһöá
ѾӴʱʱɽżħ޵ʳɱˣƤëȥһЩɵĵͷ̸ǿɽϸεãѧҩʶü֣ƽʱûµʱ򣬳ںԱܲѧ塣
ѾѧúܼѣǺܿϵӣԺȤֱǡİٱԺĽϿСָɣ˷羴ΪעʱĳŰ˫ֺʮСҲù
һȥѾϤˣҲô̲סүʦʲô֣
˵
ҴĺƽʱѾҽУֻг׼˺ȡѾһ;ֺֻ֣ôֲһĺ㡣
ѾĽûвͷӣִŵʣǣʦôˣʲôʱѹ
Ĭһ£Ǻ۾ͻȻ񿴼Сʱĺһ
֪˭
ѾС׵ͷ
Ц˵֪ǵ۾𣿡
ѾͷȻǷˣʮݵĽ˭֪ܲأǲľħĵϵ̫һԶҫƬأϵı¡
˵۾סڸ߸ߵ칬Ѿ˵ó羴˵𲻴ʲôֵǶķĶӣľһ֮£ܿѵأ귭ƣĺ֮ڣ޸Ҳ
ߣ˵öԣ
鼸ҪЦʦ㣬ǵ۾ǰϱ
Ѿ˴ǡǵ۾ûȢް
һ㶣ʲô
˵칬ĹɱûȢްѾ˵۾ϲˣ칬ڽ˺ôһժ¥ʮݸÿ궼зʹѡ칬ȥܵ۳ǴѡȥģεƷӡǰЩܳ裬ǰ겻֪ʲô´ŭ˱£乬ûʲôϢԽԽСû˵λպﰡ
ѵʦ㣬ǲܳ裬ܳģ
Ѿĳ顣

Цˡ
ð˵
Ťͷʯϻ²֪ĺ˯˯˯˯㵰˯㿴㿴ϵĶʲô˹Уһ˰ˣ


94 
峿,΢أ׵̤̤Ĺٵһ׹¡,̼̤ɽ룬ͣ𴾿վ⡣
𴾿פصĹԱһ,𴾿վǸƫԶСվ,ʮҲʲô,հҹĽ,վһϲֻţæ,û˵ȹ
䳤ŲҴܳ,СѾΧ޳æǰæ,ŸͳصŮǣһһװò޵Ů岽ϡ
Ůžװ,Ũ޹⻪,ֲ侩Ůǹлװһأˬվߡ
䳤ɵˣҪŮһŮӣݵǴү
䳤һ飬︴ճޣá
䳤֪ôڹţĻƧؾ,ɲܹܵ,æҾ,˵С۲ʶ̩ɽ룬룡
˸Ƿһ·ܹʵڷӻ֣·ɡ
䳤һȽȥһӭͳߵԺʱһ˽
ΪǸˣҿף磬߹ʱֻĮһۣɫްֲ㵱ûȥ
ŮǺܹ˵Įӣ־ŭŤͷͣ񣬴ԺҴܳ޼ҵĹܼңС㰲үȥء
ƳһۣԼǲôţ˭һܵˣ
¿ЦС˵ʲôֻλֽ͢ڷƽ£ȥɱأαѿ࣬ƽȾ˻
һ͢һ¡
εõĵܵܣ
޹Цǹİܡ
صغһ󲽵ĳԺ
һԺ޷Ѿſվţɫܲÿû˵ôܳˣ˭׼ģ
Цû˭׼ңڹŷܿҶĵ÷ԲȥҲû˹ңҾͳˡ
ֱ˱ӵ
޷ҪƽأԳңʲô⹴ᣡĿ޷ͣ±˲ǳ޼һǲǣ
Ʋ죺βεģЩʷҲͻ.ڣʥĸֻҪûɱ㣬ǳ޼ƨ¶С
޷ֱҪѪקųѾͷƿڴҲ˵޾̲ɱʱû£޾񾭲˭֪ʲôʱ򷸲Ǽһһײϣɱ˭ɱ˭޷Ҳ˶Դÿ춼ŬؼŶգѾͷϺȡ
ˣ
޷ҧгݣɸ֣㻹˼˵Ʋ˭˼ᶯӣС̷ʥߣż꣬ӲǸԼϸλԼһ仧ɵ۶¹㿴ǸǼֵܣ۾쳤ͷˣ㵫ֱ£ҲңҲһѹү磬ĶҪ£
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˸޴İۣǶԳ޷ָȹٻ󲻸ˣӵǴСܵĽǺʵģһΪϣȹǱ£èèֱϾǺèֱϵȹԼ㲻
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޷ˣһۣܳˡ
ߣȴû˭˼ҵ۳ףǲ𣬻㲻𡣡
޷еĲĺȴ
ͱС٣޷ǿģ˽ã֣ȴʵη޾̣˵ʮηѹͱȻԵӰҲ֣ܿʢ裬빬˵ʲôҪʲô۾вӦۿܿεöҰĲҪռ͢⣬ŸϽܳѡ
޷̾һȴ˵Ҳô£ܻҲһʱҲȥˣҲҪء
ƿһԣɲţûܻʲôƣܿҿ˶Խ£¶谮һŮ˵־أǿʲô˵¶µһˣ뽲ؾͽ뽲˭ָ˵ʲôǲܿҲСģɱԵġ
˵⻰ΪԼܵĸضԴȴ޷¶һݵĹŹ顣
ʲô飡ŭܳ㣬㻹¶
ûв¡޷˵˺ˣ֪ˣ
볤£תƻ˵Ȼͱˣʵңƽ꣬ȥԺɲôһܳ
ǿӦʱ򿴼εõĵܵˣεǰɣôˡ
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ԭ
ߣʣͭĶûԶ𣿺ô𣿡
Զˣݱ߽磬ų̣Ҫ¾͵ˡ

ݣɽ
ν֮ţνظע
Ѿؾعڵϣüź򱳣䣬͵õͷһ䡣
Ѿϵ֣ϵò࣬˵е˼үöΪɽȥ˱ʶֵעͣɼʹǱÿĿİ˵Ӧʲôתǰûˣűţֻöӹֶˡ
ѾӣɽĻûбᣬүһ˸ƣӲͷƤ쳤ؾãܳҾߡҾߡ
˿ǣôҲ벻ͷۻͷҪһۣһ䲻ܳ
Ѿһ͵̧ͷһŮվɽߣ΢΢Ц
ӣȴվ˶񷺿Ĺ⻪
쳤ؾãܳҾߣ䲻ܳЦǵ꣬ʦĵһ
Ѿſ
оԼ񿴼ɣС˵дġˮۿһõΡ
ѽһ۾ҽк
л˵
ļ䶼ԡ
עͣ쳤ؾã֮ܳãΪ̰ܳ


95 
ѾһӵĽ
Ӽүһ,֪ԼⱲΨһײĹˣ֪үôһ̲֪ΪʲôȻе,үܿǸı⣬뿪ҩĸ,Ѿṵ̂Щҩ,һַŮеʵĹ,Ȼץס,ЩȴܽȫݽΣյҩɸϸˮԶĺô
Ѿڡ̷ֹ̽,𽥼ʶһ,Ըɽϵ,ʦ㡣
ʦк̫ˣѾտʼҺ˵,ܺһֱ벻Լ,˵ֻһƻǣƮƮ͸͸ġܷ⣬ſŻˣѾ֪¡
Ͷүľη밵صľ費һѾһ㶼º෴ѾޱȵĽź߲ܰ,˵,ʲô
ÿү˵ʱ,Ѿͱ飬
˵˵֣ү
Ѿźʵʵڴʯͷүһϴ
㿴ѡʲôסүƿڴȥɽ¥͵֪˵ʲô˵ǹһб޵ЩħţɱˣߵĶɱĶ߶ˣֱ۹ּɱˣɱʬɽѪ׹ǳɶѣ̤ʲô۾ѵħ
㣺ԶԶԣǣ
ҧгݣǸɥĵУ˶꣬˵Ԫۺڵúüݰɣ͵ûôˣֽժ¥ǧ̤г˸֪Ȣôϱֻ֪谮һԵģ˼ȫҷڵ۶ߣֱҪ
㣺ԶԶԣǣ
ŭ𣺡궼ɢˣ˼칬ｿȨ£̤˹⻹𣿻𣿣
㣺ԶԶԣǡ
ƨе񲣺ӰɣһûϢϺӴ㣡
Ѿˣ֪үźôó
źʯͷܱ߱Դ׷򣬾ú
һŮӶˣѾ룬ô÷źأǸ߸ϵı£ôء
Ѿܹȥסү㡣
ղű׷ñͷܣһܹȥͲˣæ§ס˲ˣû¶ء
һǸܶˣֶүС˵ԼˣѾ֪Ϊͬ⣬үŷԼһЩõĴ㡣
үͣѾһۣԺԼ군ˣܶ͵ɽϳݰɡߺŷˡ
ûһŭֻеЦΣѾͷԼԴ鱳ﲻ𡣡
Ѿ˵㣬ҡһǲ塣һоûС
ѾĲЩʵûôȤֻǸо̵ϰ
£ȴûͷЦʲô˼ģͲÿ˶޵ģҪҵûˡûˣʦҲ޵ģʵҲԸڷ￪Ĺһӡ
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ѾӦһɽܣͻȻһ£ͷ㣡ҪˣΪɡ𣿡
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Ѿһ·ԽԽɽصңѾˣ׼ʳڷߣܵعȣ㣡
ˣԷɡһȺ߳ôô춼ˡ
ǰƽʱͷġѾŵܵߣһ㶣ŴĻϲлعŤͷ⿴ͦˣºɽ·Уÿɽƻǰϵң·ϵʱͰñ죬˼ңŲʱ쾹ȻѾ͸ˡ
ѾڵŨǵգ֪ΪΣкȻ𲻰
ˣȳԷɡ
ƣ˵ע⣬ѾħƤȥ࣬ôһ⻹ѵõļȡ
ԷԷ
⣬Ҫ⡣
æŸȽŲɷʢ˷׼ιԼԵСӣֻüŤͷߴ˵ѾԷˡ
ѾֻջߣȹȥԷ
һֳʰ꣬Ϩ׼˯ˣѾڴϣ˯ĪĲȴԽԽ
žҹֲָĺڣʲôֲӴȻӡ
ͻȻԶͻȻļУ
Ѿ͵ۣзǿҵĿ־塣

أɽ
ҹɫѸǰеĴУ޷Ĵ̱Эʹܺһܣɽʲô֮ѵǷˮرãʺϸͷ
ЭʹæˣɽԭݼһɽǬŶ¿ͳꡢյӣɽݽ߶գձв֮
ԭˡ
޷ô̱ŤͷԱߵĽ͢ûûϰûɻȥǴôǸһǽ⸻ϸ첲ϸȿɱš
г̽˻һŷݸ޷񣬳޷ӹࡣ
εģҲɹǸСӵġ
ñô߲ߣ
ߣ޷ӿŷЦȥԴȥɲɽҰιˡ


96 
Ѿ˻,СıӰɽܡ
ԱðߣСƨ֪˰æԼӲš
˺ܾˡ
һۺ,ֻԪӤͻǡľڳϳ뿪뿪ǬŵĽ,ǰ֮ǰǿѼϹŲд伮,ǰĺƫԶĽͼѰ֮,ʱһ,ǽ꣬ȴһ
ʱúǬ,ٲȻ,һʵ,ģʼռǵңЩ
֮Ҳڤ,Ľ硣߲ɺ,˵Ĵ˰һˣôҵߵڤ
һֱи󵨵뷨طԼΪ˾޾̡Ϊ˽ƣҲܲԻǵ״̬ģߵı߽磬Ӷȡҵ֮
кٲ׺Ǽпܵب֮ŵأ,޾,ͼȥ̽׺֮,󼸺ɢںðʮ˴Ҫϳ׺ſſ̱ںߵĽʯϣԴ֮ĻǾòӡ
û֣ˣ
׺ûþͻԹȥְȥ˽磬ġС˵QQȺ630809116̾ȥŸѰҾߺʵ̤ģ˼ٶͷ߹ʮϰƬûһǵ塣
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ἫΪΣգҪʵ壬ûҪ뱻ߵľϣһŹĺ飬κ֪̤һԽͬ޹˵壬鵹ҲӲϹºвٳʲô£ǿ˵ֻʹŹѾ
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һ죬̤ǻʵ۲̫༱ݺЦһ㲻ԸռСѾͷ壬Ǿͻȥ
ڴʯͷϣܻ̾ذݻȥһ¾ͳʸ֮ġ֪Ǭڱѹ̧ͷԭҪģ޼ɵ¾ѹв£ֻ޾̲ŸҲֻõ޾Ǭ̬䵭ħǬʱԽ΢ԽۡԽܸȥûȥһ¾է
Ҫأ޾̿϶ˣۺ졣̲ס򣺡ǸСۣ᲻İٺһƣˡ
ôءô룬˵˼һȥʮ˷Сء
ɶ񣬿ļƣ治һܸɳ¡
˸飬ԴǴ˵ɲء
Ц볰ЦʲôͻȻˡ
̼䣬һƬ޴ĻǵĺѹסƬɽգƬƬĺ£֮أǧɽִƬƬľã޲ҽŵ
ŵۼһ˲⻪𣬰ɫ˲԰ף
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ס죬û²ѪϡϢָɢǼںɽɽȾҲ˷ɡ
Ťͷȥħһס˵ǸǵĴлڣ򲻹
ۣҧߡ
߲ġ˿˵Ҹоǿ߾ۼΧģǵùˣ±ȦһƬսˡ
Ǻǲߡ
ͻȻʲô˵ɽȥôﶼǷˣ״ãӵǨɽ
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޲ܴͷ޺޵һۣתɿɽȥˡ
뿪ŰסһؿȳϢ콥ɢԼϡ̫ε֣ɫ䣬Ǭȡлǵķߣ䶨񣬱´⡣
ʱȣ֪ᷢʲô׼

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Ѿۿף룬Ⱳ˵£үͺ㡣
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Ƿˣħرƴ³һǣϣһȻɽݿѹǵ԰
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Ĺ⻪黯ҹƮһ˲䣬ͻữݺ׷ȥ
˵ɣֻʣһƻǡ
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ĸһιѾ»ĵܵܣĸߣվ޲ݵõͷԱߴĴ˵֣ˣԺñĸ׵á
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ѾСʣү𣿡
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ѾĳĬ֪˴𰸣¶ɿ顣
ȥͻȻͣסЩųµʳ飺˵Ǹϵ˽ӣһСʲô֣ʹĵӣ𣿡

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˵ǰ˵ܴԲʵǵúúöʶ£δŻʢԼԸ⣬ȡĲõ˼

Ѿ֣ΪЦһͷԸⰡԸⰡ
ܵǰϵءĽؿһ͹⻪ӡ
ûĸ顣
ǸͨġƽġһŮһ·ҲӦӹӹµµضɹһ죬̫ͬΪŮӵƤңȴ·ĸ߹ʥ˵̫ƽ
ûе𺳡
ԭϻˣһֻ
ۿʪڵһδŵӣſֱ۱סĽ
쳤ؾãܳҾߣ䲻ܳѾʣʱվ˵仰ģһӶˡ
㣬һӣҾ
ۣϵءССһԸ
һӣҲʦһĵӡ


97 
޷ִɽʱ,սѾʱ
ϣԶԶɽ־ͷɽ죬յĺ,һͷСɽƱʤĹڻзŭ,ԼɼһͷͬӴľ,ǶÿһƬۼ״,ɭ,һȻĳХٿȻſӰ,һ˫Źֵĳ
̽Դ,Ļ,ɴ˸Щ湻˵ġ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôЦεõҲֲ¶,ڹװģ
ǰ,ԵǱӴû¶ټ޷עս֣˵Ʋ˼ңŽкðţڹˣܵ棬ɱˣ
ֲã˵Ҳ¶ϲε,ȴһֱŹ,͢ҲܡתתҪܿε,ӿɴˡ
޷һۣˣ²εá
Ϊʲôһ²ģضѹǸӣԼ챣ס˻ܹʲôʲô̡Ǹܵмֱ£ѱӣҿҲδ˳ģ˵֮졣
Ծ˵ʮеȴֵһ¶е㸴ӵɫ
ˣε񲻳Ҳһᵹء޷һԶأʮˣҲᵹ
̵ĿɲأҲε̡޷˵ֻһ۱ջߣ죬ʵš
ſ첻òϣﻹǲ
޷˻ɽͷʧˣгȥ̽˻ϲˣѽնס
˶ʱ¶ϲɫЭʹ¶ظ飬ǼȨħ󽫣ǰ˵һħȷ棬ʵǿǰ걬ңŵݴʷû»µ۶ǰһйħҡ̱أЩַħȫˣɽǣݸ췴ħܻµǣԵһʣȫɾ
֪ݸµʱݸ»ĶУʷһʱ۶İԼժøɸɾַһЭʹΪȫõϣڸ·³ʲô״֪ڱףЭʹֻ춼ˣĻŭš
ã޷Ҳ˵ӭ
˵ѣ㿣һɽζ߳ӸߴıʿΪһˣף쪣Ӱӳһſ׺ͱ̵ͫȳխԳȻֱ࣬һ˶İ˰ͷ­
ݼڣε̣ô߳뵽ղɷӴӰĪЩ˺
޷һȻЦӭεȻӢۣ׾ٽն£
ε俴ֱӰѻԴӸ޷˺סͷ­ͷŪۣȷǻظԱ̴š
Ǵб󹦸ɡ޷ƺε̵ĮЦеҪҹس̣۶
ε˵Դ㣬ҵְѱϣ뿪Ҫںɽա
޷תת뵽Щε̵¼֪Ҫɺɽħ
˵εǰ֧ѪͳϹޡҡ⣬ħΪãЩΪͻͽȡһϽΪħĵһڶˣ漫ߡ
޷ˬЦȻ֮ͬһ˶أ˵裬ʵڲģҲڴգٴ˵ؿúðա
εԵļ󽫶ɫε̵ɫû䣬䵭޷һۣת㾶ɽȥ
εһʢŭǳСӾԱѹˣҵȡ
ʱҲŭ
εħͶӹҲǴħƢⱲ̣ܽʮƲ壬壬ħҹȻ屳ԹȴȻС
޷Ϊףʱ̲ħҧ¿εǱնɱ󳹵ѲһɽȻ̣޷ﶢǣǵʲôöͿɲȫԼˣƿڴѳ޷̻
ʢһݣε̽ԣճ޵Ϊһ㣬ĽҰ⣬˲֪Сġ
ʢε̵ľʦĸȻŭļƲǳһͱҪȥͼεѾͷ̱ӿɱȻ޾̣𣿡
ɫŪĮֱһʱ治١
ͷһڨЦٳ
εҲ⣬ֻЦһתͷȥն
ε̲õ뿪⼸꣬ѾļøǿӵߣӸֳƣ֮Щʴħҽű飬ĺ㣬߲Ӵڡ
ڽ־η˷ܡ
ħǿʳǿΪεʵǿȻ׷档
ڽҲʾɽָɱЩħͼѰѾµı
εֻɱ˰ʱյ֮ǰɱ壬ֹͣգɻΪãЩ߲ǵҲм˺Ϣ両ӵƺѪΧﺦ£ԾԶΧԶԶƿһȦ
嵴˼ɽлǵĻȡǰһʾǰȥֵһߵɽֻɽΧΧɫֵ̿ķˣһ޴ʯʯĹ⻪ξɢ
ϲֲûܺ˵أ˴д
ЩһЩħŵøεѣŲˣԶԶһţǺǣȥΧסǿʯʢ̲סϲε̰񣺡ϲô˱Ϊٽһˣ
εɫĮҲʲô˵ֻ̬һۣۼ붨
ʢϰӣ˹ȥĹ켣򣬽ڳΧħ£Ż⿴Щ˺´ӵһȥŻǡ
ǷһĻȻȺϵĸȺֻɢ˹ڵϾͺҿʼͷСǱùЦҪٽһȺ߳ˣĸ߶ʲôԱվһϸķŮһŲһ־ŻѣվżŮ׳ڸǰǿ̿־ģ
ʢε߿붨䶯ʺƣЩʱȻʢüǱ߿˿ϣɭϣ׼ħ幫Ȼ׼ɱΪ֣ʢԲԸùͷʲôɽȥ
Сֻ£ЩǷٺʣЩ׳άųɳһӣСƹħɽߡ
ų߹ǰ治ԶͻȻһ΢Ļ⣬ʢɿۣһŮվɽ·б´ѣСͯһһԽݡ
ʢбһѲ񵶣ǸղǾŻվȺǰŮСȥб߽飬һɽߡ
ԽԽ´ԼԼĲϸݵݡ
ʢͻȻеһɭѹëŤͷֿͻȻ۾ƾһ˲Ѫ
Į죬׶ǰĺ⣬˫ǶĳͫȺѲһסͶһϡ
Ů·ʱ򣬺κףħ͵һץסֱۡ


98 
콥,ɽϷܲɫĺɢˣɽչľȴ̣һҺɫƬɽ,ֱɽľͷ񶼲ټ,ԶԶȥ,ʮɽûа,޾,˵Ļ
ӭӵ۶ʹƽ,Ѷ,æԴŸںɽΧӪ,£գɽΧǧĴկ֮ǰʧأشûҲ,ЭʹΪָƯ,ų޷ڴפأضй£񣬱ݵҳ뾡ľ
޷żã£ӿԶկǱپʹϣ׳ĵ£źӣĴɱү̣Ϲű֮ɫãȻֻ,ʧȥҵ,֪Ҫȥ
޷,һʱû˵Ա߳޼ҵĹ£ĿȻһҺɽԭʲô̾һҲǿɽȱȾֱħեһģص׵׿ݽߣԺʲôЩ·һǨߣ˻·
޷ȴҡͷ˵ɣһ˱磬ҵûˣկҲطͷʼһһ߶Ҫޣ˲¸
޹Ҳ֪̲̾סЩħǻħǨǬ磬ǺǵģɺúõӲңǸɱ˲źá
޷񱾲˵ʲôߵŵĶͻȻ̲ס¶
һЦЩħǲ̵ܽ޽ڵĶǣ˭ԸϤĽ̻ǿѹнз쳤վãδزܰѱĶµļȮ
ƫƫΨһǸˣôɣ
޹Ȼ̧ͷԼҴĴүϴһּӵ񱯷ߣЦ޿κΡ
һбµˣһѵ֮ŪڹƵˣƽǰҼʱһӣңѹǳ޼ҳΪһˣʮݵİ޷ǵ۾ĺף˵Щ˵ħĲѱ޲ߣЦ𡣡
޹¼۾ɫ⡭
ֻǲܶѡ޷Цǲ׼ħΪУΥħ壬˭ƻ̫ƽɱ˭ɱʬɽѪҲ޲ɣ֮⣬һ˼ҲỨһֵĽ̻Ҳ
޷в֮塢ħʲôԣ޾̸뵱ʥĮĻһ㣬ɱֹɱѪѪ޶ԵĵĮ̬άϵȻǿ̫ƽ
޹ľ˵ԽԽ¶ǣ̲סү
޷ס޹Ÿɬĭ˵ʥͷ죬ΪʥϰصܳǶ嶼ָҪС
޷þδԼʧ
֣֣ҷʲôҷָ
޷ͺһ޹˵ͷأǷ̫ء
޹ͷƤһ飬޷Ѿ»ָɢ飬תСܹĳô㷢ʲôˣ
ûֱҷ˲űס޷ѹ֣˵εĴӺɽаһ龫ģ˸檻
޷ʱһ檵ʱ򣬷ε˸Ů˻
ɲǣ˵ǸŮءеֻ֮ǰ˵εܵưϲŮɫûףļýĲѣԲŰħ󽫣Ůҿȥ͢
޷˼֣֪εŮ˲ȤεһŵŮΪεȢޣȥּͻ飬ּⶼ͢дˣīδɣεѾԴȥջشͻ顣
һ˼ɵСɱӣǿŮΪ檣ֱף
޷Ȥ룬ʣε̰ѶĶˣڲڣ
ˣֱӰѶ˶ɽ̫ˣĲֹһ飬ִЩħɽѽȥˡ
޷üȥˣǱ
ɲǣҪȻΪʲô㡣˵ôǸٺöҿɲһֵôҴţˣǵ˸ʲôľɫˣͲ𣿡
Ҳ档޷һۣ˺˵ǿģϹȥ͵üзݡ
߰ɣȥơ
ε̲ڣ޷ӣһ·ҡڵǰ
ɽԶǸƫԶطԽưܣ·ߵԺӶǴשʯɣŻˣεֱռţʯģطҲˡ
ε˵˺ñֱƺȰ
޷˵Ż־ߣſڵħɵˣæҪڣڣ
ǸҪͱϵĽס޷ûһЦߣ˷ܵΣǰһָǱǱߣǱŮӺԺ
޷һۣ»ߣߵԺԶԶͿյӣұһ䷺ӯӯ⣬Ȼġ
޷˻֣ȥ״ֽмȥߵյǰǰ̽ͷ̽ԣ磬øһƣҪһÿҾͰͻؼȥҪرÿҾͰ͸Сɩӣɲεռˡ
죬һ˵Ķʲô
޷ûұߵѾ˿޷߽ȥһȥ㿴ɸߵģ룬Ĺ⻪
Դİǰཫ˼䣬ʮɽɽݽߣԽԽټˡ
޷߹ȥϸµǣ¸̾Ƭ̣Ҳ˲ñڰ֣õĳɣֱӴߡ
ǡ
磡
ʱ򣬳ͻȻӺܽ޷ڿģĲɣôˣͻȥҵСɩӰ
磡ȴקסԼмĪŹ֣е˷ܣ磬Һ淢ָС
޷Ƴܣ޷£ҲҴƳȥ
찡磬
ƿţű֣޷ߵűߣסֱۣһָ磬㿴
޷תͷһһϵŮ
Ůʮͣĸߣϸݣͷ΢΢ݻƣһܼ򵥵ŮС٣¶ӺͲƤһСɫıɹķɫȴ˾öཡϸϸɫƤɼ˿Ī԰סһĴۡ
ʹͷ˫۱ţ֪ۼǱҩػ˯š
޷һֻܳƵ֪ΪʲôŹֵĸоֿ˼ۣſţͻȻ뵽ʲôɫٿȻס
磬㿴ûС˵СŮȻСҲÿܿ


99 
Ǳŭѵġ
,ѣ
ǳѹͼٵҩЧȥ,ѣ,ĿѾǺڻߵɽ,ľɫªη,һ߲ľ,պϣֻϡĻƾɵֽ©
о,һֲʹ,һȫͷСӵ,ۣһ˼
ԺɽǰǬµľǿɽͷ,ŴӹɽħĲɱ,ʱѾƸ۵ľģû뵽ԼĻǾȻĿΪǳۣȴûԼӯӯĻǣֱָۣӳһϤŮݡ
һ塣
Ĭ˺ܾãؿƿѪϡ
˵,ĵ,պŻ,ȥת߽
һУûţشв̫ƽС
׳˼ͷվصҴС
󲻾ãɽȺɽңԶͷޡսڵٴڣս˲֪켸ҹһͷƻƱľޱı˫ʶͷ­ŵ£ͷӴأ丩Ƭɽ
һɽħȺףؽĴҴܣҴĴɽȴų͢ıɽħҲ޷Ѿ֪ľƣԵ޹ʣЩħҲɱˡ
ֹ˼գڵȵЩħɽȻϣһֱȥЩ˴һСϷŪŻҲûΣգѣӭŴɽĥʲô
ʱֱ۱Ӻ͵ץס
׳תһ˫ͫӢݲһѪȵ·
ϤġΪʦܵ꣬ѾȫȻһģ
ôϳԼġ
Ȼŷ֣ûϳԼ׳һľɲͺ𣺡˭
ʯ䣬жϡ
֣̻̽ͣŮѾ
ŵĻѶڲеĲ񵶾ڵϣԶ˸εѣѾ
ȷѾ
ε̵ɫһ˲ˣ˵һֱ顣
ȻоԺһǰڣصȥ
ڣԼϣǽյķţǼҵŭͼ

⣬Ǹʲô״
ǸεСӻˡҲƣôֵģһ¶û¶˶֪嶼һôһѾץסˣ
Ҳ֪
ûĥףֻԹǰʦܣԼˣҪɴˣ
ϡİˣܶ¶һˣ顣
ͷ΢΢һӺĳֲõԤС
ʱֻ֨һűƿһС죬һװòŮڼŮĴӵ
˲иӵɫԴԳһųİ
ĸĴָ
װŮߵߣʲôϡŴ찡찡ҿ㿪ˡ
ʣǰ͢оɣ
⡮͢ε̣ҡҡͷŮ֪˭
Ҳϵε̣ѾŮѾڼǷˣû뿪Ϊε̰˸Ӵ
ε̶ⷲŮһ顢ǿȡ᣿
ϸŮɹɫӣֻܳƵ㣬ƫƫܿ
ܿܵ۳裬˵õ츻ٹ⣬½֪£ҲεⷲŮͽУεù̳ͼһܿɫŮֻǸ㳤ֵܷ࣬ó谮𡭡ҿεƽյ磬Ĺϵʵڲµˡ
氮
뵽漸ѵڸ粱ϵε̣ȫһ¡
񲻶ͷͱˡ
ĭ뵽ղŸȻ⣬ǸϽڡ
ǰŮӴһơ
ǺСܱһƣԼĪָֻϸһ㱡ɫ
ųƿԼһ̣ɫ΢䣬ͷźޱ仯ƣȴܵʲô
ȷʵС
оԭ¶Ƚů

ȻⷲŮƱ¶ȡ
⻹һȷϡ
£ҲôǿסֻȡһѪ
˵ţ°һɿֱӰ.Լٵһ֧ӣ𰢳һָͷƣѪϡ
ƣգۼ䣬ǳǳˮȾ˼һŨɫ
ͻȻ赲ε֮ǰаƵݸʱ˵Ļ
ȥȡѪڴϡ֪ΪʲôɳƻɬʲôģΣǶҪƱɫεٲΪǣǱص̰۶빬͢
ƣһãȻķŮͻȻðһͷ
ǳϣŸ󱦱ˣ


100 
ɽҰ,ʮȣϰͷʮܹ޳ǰ,֮¡¡죬ɽҰԶԶߡ
̳ӱм䡢޳,Ů,ڻڹ󼧹Ĺװ,ͷս,ŽĽŲĺ̺ȴ,ΪԱ߱󸿵ŮͿࡣ
ǣŮ,ԱŮŵ̽ڳһͶһɵ֬,ŮֱϸµһȦȦͿ
ͷŮļȻЩʿŮ׽,ûϵ,ÿԡͿ࣬ǧһŵɷ۸ڰһѱɹɵСɫʯһİ𪡣
ԴˣͷŮʾ
ңҲûãǲɿġͿ࣬ͷҲ̧˭ܣȻҴ޳׿˵,ҿû취
˵,ô,һˣһȱ첲ȣҪٵùһ㣬ֲþͱ⽴ŻǾ棬̻Ȼˣ֪᲻üңҲû취£ѪýȸƱɫˣǲʹԽȸѡ빬ǼĹأ׳㣬֮ʮݵĹ˰ȥжĹ£ĸܶĺô⻹ֻ빬ǰ빬󣬻и컯
㿴ңǹ󼧣Ϊɣλͬڵ۶⡢ƬʮݵĽ򣬶ߡΪ˵ʲô˵ƹˤ⻹ʲô֪ɣɣǵͽΪһƷʢףȨ죬Ҫһ֮أԼ˵ԼңһԭС壬Ϊôһֻˣһ¹󣬼⹫߲ɼֱڵ۶ߣ룬Ҳܿ츻ֿɵð
һ޿
Ҫ츻Ҳߣֻ⿪һӣٴӴ
ز
˵˵Nࣺü죬һľ̲סˣȣˣô˵
ӱƿݺ紵ů¯̿ҡΣ޷߽
Ůǿæȥ񣬳硭
޷۱ϵͷİԳ˵ˣȳȥ
ĵɰһۣһߡ
Ů뿪ֻʣ޷Ͱˡ
޷ɫˡ
ֳɫʣŮһ߳ƤЦȨ¶̬ıͻȻ¶Ĳġ
ĿУŮȻʹͷ˵ųĹ˳ƽ
޷ȼһŻһŻǵĻǻʱճһǣմ֮ǰ⧲𣬿ɻĻҽˣȻص¡
޷ǸȻڳε̣ȻһЦ
İǰ۶ժ¥ʼǲʹѰˣɫ⣬һƣԻȸƣŮӲ͡òƱɫݸ빬͢Щˣһ빬ڸܳ谮ǰܻٶǰļλλˡ
񣬶һ㡣
ŮȻͷûס
޷ٿת˵ȸϡ٣·ɾεҲǣ˵ÿݸֻһ飬ֻڷʹһУ⴫ʲôϡѰ֮Ҳûκιãȴˣ֪Ϊʲô
ûлش
޷Цһ˵Ҳȷţһ˵˵İǰضıڳɽȸƣַʮݡ
һ˲䣬·ˡ
ǷˣҲû֡޷˵ǰΪǬ֮ףʱպ⣬лԼڴ鵱ضҷֻʣһıǰѽԽмȸƣѰӦŮ빬͢ʩԳ谮òϻߣ͢ȾָǰݻɽӰ죬ҲݡӦ
ֲ𣿻һпıޡ
ҪԼȥˡ
ǲѾѾ
Ϊ
ǾͿ쵽۶ˣ£λߵǰ»ϲ𣿡
޷Ц£ֽб顣
ģ޷񣺡ľ棬һ鸯õỊ̇ûϣõԽԽԽԽý˹ͷİȥˣ˷ǣҲٲǵı¡
ټλţҲ»ɱ


101 
һֱǴ޿״̬
ܲצ,䲻εץסڳ޼漫,ֱվԼĽǶȾľΪıøôŬ,ôһͷĳ,ͳ޼Яֹ,ͬһư⳯͢δ
Ҫιȥˡ
޿,гİӽ⿪һ
鵱޻,Ҫ,֪Żˡ
,ͳ鶼ָ֪˭
޷ȻʲôöЩҲû˵޵˵ͷʱ,㲻ܱ¶,Բܳϡ
ķ
ıǰѽضԼ̫ƽ޾̱˵úżˣûӡ
鰢Ҳۼ֤޾ǶٵĻԼ꣬ʱȻʱܡͻսʱڴǰΪֱʱ,Ҳ֪,޾̲öԺô
İǰǱһ,һжˣİȥͨЩӵţͻȻʶ޾ıˡ
޷ĻȫţԲܲš
ôţֱԽԽǣ齹ǵðȼˣǧҪϰҲû£ʵѾǰòզ񣬶¼ڴ˵ֻҪ㲻ϣǶǻɣ˭Ҳҿ϶
˵̫ƽϢһֱĬתĳ飬ָͷû£ûϵ
ǿӻɫ̫ƽѰҺƵ壬޷˵İѾҼŮӡ˵ʹ޷ãЩŮУϻ۵ĻᱻصעƽӹҲţɢ͵йסҳòʵҪСһЩҲܿԱȥ𴦡
ǰҲԼˣ޾̶ɲֻҪĴй꣬û˼ǵˣ취š
ϾֻǸŻǺײŵġ
ţоͣס
ƿһŮ߽
ĻûˣûˣʵųΪ⿪߶ɱҰǹأǳ޼ԺһپһҪǰԸʹӣҿ϶Ҫ㵹ù
̲סЦ𣬳һοЦ˴ֹȻһ㣬Цͦÿġ
ҡҡͷվ˵Ҳʹӣֻһˣûݣǳ޼ҪٻǿҪʧˡ
û빬ùװһɫȹѣɸֻȡԼǰڼȹӸ粺֯ģͷҲźܻĽ
һ֧÷ϻƽ𣬵Ҳѿܾúס
֪ʲôѾԭ߷ɫúôԵ˷֣ڵã۳ְˣ͢绨УҲ㲻ۡ
Ʋ죬ˣЩŮ˸Ƶˣܶøá
òóģһ£Ժ˵ɣǰˡڰ֣Ѿ۶ˣҴҪңҪ˵
߰ɡ
ת˳ŮΪñȻסֱۣһ£ûоܾ߳ȥ
ʱ£ٴμĵ⡣
ľ³粻̫ɹҲ㹻䣬ӳΧʿγεףñɴЩħ˴ӵһۿڸͷϣյƻϣ˫
ƿۣһĿ⣬޷վڲԶһָӵ
ջߣɫƽ͡
ٻôأǾȴʵ޷϶ֻҪϣһȥľˡ
Ͼİˣ˭ûбأҲˣֻԼ֪ԼĳɳƣʱϲԼİǰĺôԶȥˡ
볤޷˻֣תǰߣŮ빬ӵŵǰûж࿴һۣ΢۸빬š
ͶעĿȵ·Ѫֱº£Ĺϡ
һӴ󡢻ĹȺƸߵضɽˮƺΣ˿ƵڽԶԶȥصڷܣѾģĻʹ͢ȣСӴֲڵߡ
ܴ칬ʵֽС˵ȡԷһ۹أû׳Ĺ֣Ϊ˵ôǲǺɣԺסˣǸСƴǿ
Ĭһ£ȴĪ⣺Ǳȡ𣿡
ʲôڵְǰ
룬Ǹ۹ճɻҽ治һ֡
ʱǰһӻ¹װŮЦ񣺡ﰲ˵빬ѱµģ
Ȳ
ɹЦεñϾڻǹϴȥݼҲӦõģڰڵУ·ɡ
ٻЦӦǣ𣬰оϢԼѸɨһ£Цݸˣתǫ롣
˵һǲˬˣεòвˡ
޷ġ
˵ڹܿεãȣǹ㣬Ӧûʩʾã˼ر̣ĺɲҪУǵãһİ
ûɶϵԼͿԱȥйˣδⳤֿʼʵͷõġ
ˣҡǰߣûһ͵˳
һӺݻĹܣ¥鿣ų߽ڣһůӭ̧ۣͿһ߹ׯˡ
εôһˮɫĹװ޷ż֧ΣȻû̫仯İձøɫһŮ˵ĵᡣ
ȣ̫ᣬ
εõĿڰϵĽȹͰͷӹиָЦ⡣
ָ޷Сġ
ãɡεһЦ˵λС
¶еŵɫóŬ򶨣˫۷࣬ϥ
Ů
εýȫȻ
ŮӲòò飬Ҳһ
谮
л˵
ܼţ


102 
ĬĬغȲ衣
һ,εÿܾʵڲܵӣͲ,ͳ˵
֮ǰϸ߶߿࣬˵ʼ,εþܶô,˺¿,ɱϾ˼ǹ,֮͢͵ίԼ˵ñСײ˻
,Ҳʵ˵ʲôʡ͵ĵ,εúϸ˵,ʮ仰䣬,ܴʲôǶ˵,ʮˡ
εٺọ̃һȵĽҲ²ˣɫǿ
ǡһͰˮͷˬţû뵽û뵽İȥùͻУ
һֱܷεãŮҪ˵ҲûʲôĻ£̫ʹ桢˽װõòȻ,˺ܷ,ʵһֱú,ɺʱҲûεãΪ˵˺ûһ
û뵽εƣҲûԸĵۺûɪֽɽɸС檣úһȺŮԴףһСѾͷ̡
̲סһۺͷŲ衣
ε̵ɫʮֵ⡣
ǵǰεþӸµѹˮתֺ£ô򵥵¡
ѹŲ豭ǣﻵ⹾ཹðתת˵ʲôǳ⡣
Ｘ˶һ㶡
ͼһŵĹƿųֱ룬г׷ͼǾƿвҵȴţ澰
һ±ɫϳЩϴ·ֹˣŤͷεãεɫףȫ¡
ǰɣһᣬεԼﶼסˣ
Щ¹ƿŮΪ׵Ů߹۽Ƿɿɨһڱ߽ǵİͷ벻ò۵׻һĨ񣺡ﰲλ̫Һˮ㣬Źһλ̫Һһ𡣡
ÿεöټů밲֮͢쳤տյֻεһˣܿȥˣ
ǰɣ
һĲ豭ˡ
ãȥɡ
εúȻЦһǰⳤ乬졣
˰ֹ̾¹˲ֻ̿֡¶֮ɫΧиֳŭ˽߬ȭ̡
ĳȵס
Ȼڹʱ䣬εѾܵó׵ףԼĹֹֻȥ
ôܿôˣôܷˣ
ѹŷŭ벻ǿվ¹Ӳ˵߰ɡ
˿Ǻεãֿ˿ɫĬĬ²豭վߡ
˵ĴӵУͳǰߣоȫţܾٴС
ͻȻҧ˵㿴ˣΪʲôҪ衣
λݵľһһ䣺ֹ⳯͢ʮĺأֻҪ谮㣬ʲôԣģʲôԣ
ۿܿһȱ˳ɣϵĳ£֪εҲˡ
֪ΪʲôѾ˵Щ£ийҲΪ̬ȣŮñĳ˵
Īڴ򰢳ͷ·̲סû
һۣ޿Ρ
ʵ˵Ŷ
ԼѪѹ˲ˣŶʲô˼㲻˵ģ
Ŷ˵ʲôء
ĬĬ룬ܳ軹һҳԼݣҪ޾̿Դƺá
òӿ첽ǰߣ̸ں棬صԼԶһĸ¥ٳ֮ߣ˼䣬·Ľ֮أңңƮ֡
һջߡ
ǰһƬƺˮ̨ͤ޻µ˻վСҡЦ˿
밢ֵһ̣ЦٿȻǷ·ޱȺгľ˺һǣ¶ĳİӰ
˸ǣнšͬ顢⡢ϷڸעУһ̧ͦͷǰߣÿ·һͤ
ͤĽΧɫɴ¹ʯϸƬɵķ壬ò˻ʳйȣ˴ӵУľбһǳƶаŮʳСι㡣
һŮ֦һüӣƵĴۣ꣬⻪쿪һɬޣֻá
Ůһ̣еڳɤ￨ס
֪ŮΪʲôܾ谮ˡ
̫ˡ
̫ǰʮĺˡ
ʶ򰢳Ҳ£ɫ֪ͣŮһΡ
ѩ׽۵ָ𼸿ʳˮŲɫβĽʳŮȤЦ¹˼˳ע⵽Ͱְʳŵһߣվֻһ۳ͰĿƵϣŮʲôѽ
һջߣʹü񣺡ŮѾ
ѾܿЦ㶼ˣһ֡
ЦЦŮһˣǵͣ꣬ͦõġ
ܿȴЦǿɲУѾ빬־ǸǽеģֲҽܣҸ㻻һ
ҿ˿ͻȻָˮнЦ˵вȡ޲ʷ˫ǼõԢ⣬ͽвɣ
ƨ
ˣһȡƲ˭
ʶ򰢳Դۣɫ
ʲôƨ㣡㻻֣ʲô鱩ŭڰԺлصȥһƺˮ֪ߵغ񣡣
ܿϴЦ۾ȴҲŰ
·̡
һ˿ǷŮ΢΢ϥл

ŭ֣֪Ϊʲôʣ
ƾʲô
ƾʲôҪЩίʲôǶʲôƾʲô㣿
ܿҪ˵ʲôͻȻס漴¶ĵЦݣȻƹȥ£
ϥƣ۽ǿ˶ͷֻŮܹȥǣס½ǣͷ۾˵ʲô
ƾʲô
ƾʲô
룬ƾѾʱİ꣬վѾһͨġ޿ķˣһȥʦȻˣûκξܾȨ
ʹ࣬ĵһȻƽݣƽ
ѡ·ѡһ̣͸Ըееĺ


103 
İꡣ
˴ǰ,ʮݸزѡ빬ɼʹ빬ܳ谮,ҲֻÿٴԶԶݼһ棬ƽزüա
멵ĵԶԶ,۾,΢ҵɧ,ϲܹȥ,קס½ǵʱһˮ¡
,û,һ֮ڱȱеļλ,ѾΪ˰
ǿѹеĲʷŭ밧¶ϣϥ񣺡μ¡
зȸ˱ϸ,תûڻ顣
һźܿ,ºͶƽֱļصĺ멣°ڷ壬ʢӵĸߴǿʢʵʵѹһͷ̫ӴıľޣֻһۣεѪ
һͳİ,Ǵûһ˶ҡǰδкƴͳ,ûһܻ۶칬,ֱӵס
ЦڵߣСһֻƯСܹ
ŮףϸΣһ˫Цޱȵ۾ϲô᲻谮
ǸĹ֪ȫȫľֺãԴףӲаãҲգп谮ȨŮˣȻԸݣ˼ѪٹΪ֯ɸ߸ϵĻѡ
¡ܿǣס°ڣͷؿôˣһܿ˶Բԡ
ôĴԵӲʾ䣬һֽĿ϶䣬˵ŻѾſֱۣǰתһȦɫȹ޵Ļʢƣй£ܿǲǺܺÿ
ÿúܡܹЦŹά˼һء
ܿҧŴЦȥƵɫݵȴû˵ʲôԼĪ黹
ܿһֹȥǣס½ҡ
££·ҺϲҪٸϲң˵ⲼǷʲôʲôĻʢʱ֯ɵģٵÿֻøһҪȥܿ죺Ƕׯϲ޵ɫҺϲȥһңңô찡
ܹЦ֮ǰôҲΪ˵Цкѣﲻūһ⣬ȥ·ɣǿԽٸȥһˣؿЩȡõվͻȹӡ
ãܿ۾ֿ£·˾λûȥݰ£֪ϲãʡϹŰٸܸ࣬Ưȹӡ
ܹ֪ܿܳ裬ԼҼɾ˾λСԼ޹Ҳ˲һٸ˵Ҳٸةʱ˽˾֮µʵȨ
£~
£Ӧܿɡ
ε˲ʯĳҲɫºͣЩ谮ص㽾ݻˡ
֪ܿԣһϲ~~
΢΢ͷԳޱɵģһ˫䣬
üøᣬ̧ͷܿϲԴСһȥƣֻͷĿͻȻס
ܿס̧ͷͼͻȻסһ
ЦϽɢȥôһ˲䣬ܿеһ޷ݵĿֲ⡣
ֱĴܿʧˡ
ܹһԶ̷ܿڵߵʱ򳤣ʶ
ܹǷɨɨЩԼӡĹˣ޼ҵСԱһĿİŮ
ŮûǸŮòƽƽĬ񣬵ȴŲĻ
ܹ£֮ǰ޼ϵۣ˵ƽʱҵһýȸƱɫŮͻؾŮ
ȸѰһŮ۹ʱ͢Ϊ֮𶯣İȥһ˱׽˵಻࣬˵ϡҲѾ㲻ˡ
ܹԴʼյͷǽ̵ųʧò飬ڹǳͷ
ܹܲЩĿͶŮϣ̾һʣλ
ϸݵŮ΢΢һ£СǰɬϥϸӬŮǡ
ܹʧ
빬еĹҪôҲЩŮ̻̲콵ٸҲգϾǽȸѡеˣȥйô
ܹܵ˵¿ҪΪһλ֡
ǷŮϸݵļͷʹͷ­ᷢĽλζҲ֪ǻֻ̿ǽš
ͷоɽһĮȻͷĺ󱳲ܿƵʪ¡
ĽģΪ֪ϳĻɱ
һᣬǼѹʧˣġͱ¡
뿪ˡ
ٿȻɿάϥƣСͣĹȥ
Ҳ˿С˵ôͻȻˣˡ
Ȼûзλܹǰ¶棬Ҳٶ㡣һλû֮ǰĸֿر𣬳Щʧ̾ˣ㲻ҲԸӦûᱻ͵йҸ˵ȥٸ߶߶Ҹطй
˵ţŮʼû˵˻ͻȻ¡
£æס죬˵ʲô˵⻰
һ仰˵ãԲŶ¡
ǰģǰһˡ
ЦȴֻоӺ
ȥ˳Ĺסվվ޳뿪
ѽߴЩ͢ûۣ֮޼ҵŮڷͿֵˮˣˮ˸裬˸ɾˬˬڴͷ
ͷɢ䣬ϸСˮڲССӰСľῪ鷢Ӵߴѵʰݵʱ⡣
Ѿ壬뿪۹Ϳ̤Լóˡ
ʦ𣬺ʦ
֮
ʪķ˿ܿ챻ðɣͷҧ˫ҪѴϣͿһĻӲԶ
ĹǻæߵݣܹܿżűŮڴߡ
ֻܹһۣæͷЦ򰲹ϲʰʰҵʥɡ


104 

ڷ,źػΧĳнʱƽȵü˸ܲζҹҲԴʣɲ֪Ϊʲô,Ǹо⡣
ͣ£˴ǣ,ܹЦ,Է,ɡ
ֱ,ָ˵,ҡ
,ūҡܹǷǷ,û԰׵ӣЦ˵Ķ,Ҳ֪,ҹټǶĶ裬ҹúñ֣ú˵˵ȥ컯Ҳδ֪
·ҹɫ԰ˡ
ܹЦȻСﲻԸݶ,,˭ױ,ҲŨ޷ۡۻƫƫ볢һС˵ζ˭֪أҪ˭ָ˵һ֡
ܹܺһλҲ½ĳǰǣԼݣ֪Լʲôʲô
Ůɬ촽΢䶯ʲôҲû³ļͷߡ
ͷɥʯߣĹӰӳϣ˴ӵżһ̣صů
ů磬סȫҹ˲ȥòĹ˹Ϊȡŵë¶ݺɫװ
̫ˣСӪ㣬ͣ±޼⼸¾ĲҲƲ˶϶ȣֵɫУҡҷУԳˮܽص
ܹܿһֱݴЦıͻȻס
Ů
ڴһ죬йƿڵŲʣԼɼ޺ϵĸߴ.Ӱ
ܹ͵ػع񣬿Ů߬ڣߡ
ܹܿıӰɫһ£Ѿѹĵףִ̧Ź˳ȥ
ŲŲӣصů޿ײϢĮϵĳ㣬ٺ£ͻȻ䣬Ǽŵһӵ㡣
һֺݵ㣬͸Ĺ㣬һȣ
ӣôһ̣Щʶ
Զ·ĥĥҲջ꣬Ьײɫ̺ʢĵ޺齣̬ĮʣͦεţС۷СߣţԱߵžβγӳӢͦİ
֪˵ʲôûҹټ˵ʲôֻǳĬع
̺ϥ£öˣҲ࿴ͷ˳ľګ̺Ļơ
©ɳһһε׹£˼Σûϸϥһͣء
Ȼ֪ͻȻʲôҹģйŮ̫ˣƽƽĹһ̫ˣر⡣
ĬݷԼһССëë棬ǧ
ͷͻȻĦ
һ̴ľСӱǰĮͳ
ʶ򴽣촽֮ǰָֺܿ¶ǰС
ܹܶϲ˶Ѫ档
Сӣվͷⲽߡ
ĮȻͷ߹һ˿伥⡣
ջߣۡ
䵽ԱߣԶλãһ£ͷһۣĿϣ̶ûа۷
̤ϣ̧Сӣɬظȡ
ʵûɹֱӰȥˣûʲôӦֲֻŪòá
СţϢ価صĳ㣬ԽԽŨѬ޷
ıϢԽԽ٣Խ飬ʱȥףȡ֮һѬȣĺ󱳡ǰĺˮ
ǰӰԼֱ̧۱СҲ񲼰Ծȣ֪ܿ岼ܵİƣ˲԰ͳĽǴӿ¶һǣ׹͹.ڽѥ
ţɫͻȻ԰ס
оθ΢Żһִľ֣ܳȥֻԶһ㡣
Ц鿪Цһ㶼û̳뷨һ㶼ûС
ַСӼòȣСӷ飺²ˣŮΪһ²
ϻζδͣû
ָƣʹ̼ѣ˲֪ãһͣɡ
һûҿԣˡ
ҵֵصĹȿͷ顢޷ɢͻȻ˿µĿ빬˽ȥ裬Ȼ󱻹һæߣҵĿɿڴӰ˻æз׷ȥ
ûаͻسĹ͵ƫԶһСԺӣ³ʱ򣬲ſԶֱĸ¥ˡ
СԺ˰ϣֱһNNNˣȥҵˣ
ڣ׵Сżǲǰ
Ƶͷ
ǵ޾ϳʲôϡ棬ʵټԼСⲻ̫𣬵֪Ϊʲô𾪣Ƶؿ
ǡǡĭѹôҹֳˣ
Ĭô˵˵ʵ̫ˣŵܳˡ
̫ˣҪ
ҴҴ˻ȣͽҹˡС˵ȻͰӵˣǲǽз乬
죬֪˵ʲô
ܸ´ˣҹģҪˣǱӳˣ
찡ʲô
㡪㱻ӵһ㶼ô£죬ԺЩ˭˵䲻ڹǰ˵͵챻̫Һιɡ
Ϊʲôôǻϣþ˵ĲУ.ɲʲôʱܱȥйܲܽͰߣ
ɵӿ໰˵ЦһŤͷˡ
ıӰ

ȦСԺнأֻгż˵仰ûһҪȥιҲû
壬ߣܲȥܹЦǺǶ˵Ա¥ժǣ߿ժ£ǿɲʲôõط棬Ҫʮհգúһ˾ܷˡ
Ĭˣ˵ˣŮ΢֮ɸʥ
һ£ҡͷ֪̾Ǹǻмȷˡ

Ҳضȷ˵£ڱǰἰܹܵҲȴò񣬶㣬òȴЩƣܳѾãʵʱʵ֣һ컯

ԼԼ顣
ܸӣ뱻ڸ¥ӭƮʵһϵĻ·ǡ
ʵϣ޾ʵûǸ˼º谮ÿΰݼĮԹԼ£ۿģŵķǣԹַû
̫ˡ
̲סܹܣˣСζҩ
ܹܲ⣺ʲô
ֺڿٵأǿסΣ飺ǡϡ
ܹüʲô²Ѭ㣬ֻвɽ¯ȼĳ㣬ǱϢףŲζ

ʲôܹܶŲ
ɸ߻ˣ㵽ŻܹŲ
죬˵ʲôӱϤζβߣõ
¡ܹæǷǷŹ˹ȥ߹ʱߴٵظһۡ
ӲͷƤת̸ȥ
ʱƿһ룬Ъչʱû𣬵Ŷͷڹ齣̬޳ߴľصĹ齼вסܹܶ蹩ڣһڲˮʹü˪
˰šõʪ̵ֽݸͷɥӹͷ̡
һᣬʪֽȡߣҪջ֣ͻȻ°ͱһֻ߬סһֻקĵڽ̤߬°̧ͷŵǿʢݡ
к޸ԣһһˡ
ָգ˹ĵظо޼õָ׻ιӣıƤƬƬէôһ˲䣬Ƥ
ĺΪ.ܵľָƽŨҵ.ӵƤȫϺɫͫʪ.ز
һɿޱʪֽϣƹ뿪
һֽİ
ɶҲȫ취Ͻ
л˵


105 
׼˼ܼƻ,׼ʵʩһʱǰͻȻϢͷˡ
޾в,ϵв
ħѪɲħ,ٵħֽͻƴ˾޾,һпЦ,ͷ,ʼ񸽹֮ҾЩƸǿϡ
ѪɲʱͻȻ߸ЦȻ˰Ĵɱ䣬,޾ɱôƵᡣ
ѳ͢,Ѿնɱ,ɢأиСӣǻǿ꽺һС˽,Сӻĵӻؽ,ĸ絶ʣӣ峤֪ŭվ̣ͨͼ´£ȴԱȥ˾֣һ弸ǧϴѺ۶
ٽڣǵĵ,س,ѫٹЯ޶빬,ʢϯδ빬ٿһ屻ѺεϢ빬ʱ˶Ϊ˸˺ʱ򣬵ᷢ䡣
ûдᷢ䣬Ŷͷδ빬߸ߵĵݵϣžƣһųնգпѪʳϪʬӽǿߣڻɵ´ħܵѪ⣬ǧŶһͷ­ն˫գֱ󣬲ű̵İĴ
޷һٽڵ䣬֦طŵĸڸǲס͢ѪЦŻྴƣгĬ֮͢εڵĲҷʱҲŭޣֻĬŽ֣߬֬۸ǲס԰׻ֵ̿ɫ
ҹĻ٣ҵﲻͣŹǷһʰɨ߰Ļƣ۾ֻ֪Լʲôʱܱϻȥ˯
ܹܻ۾һվҪܹȥܹѾҵйټѸղŷ˵һ顣
ɫס
һǵţϸź򡣡ܹѹź⣺򣬽ҹҲȲǡ
ҹƹ𣬵ƻިһ·Ұɫͣڰǰ
˹ڵǰͷֱӵ°߹ǰ
йվʼϢæµ̷ˮڷۣ߽ڵͷԡаѾɢվ΢΢ۣ̹ڵΪȥص
֪˶پƣŨصľ㣬ԶԶ˺
ͷѷŵԱ߾Ҫ˳ȥһֻסܹǰδʾȥΪ¡
ʹҡͷԴҪҡͷܣܹסˣó־塣
оĳʵʵĴ̹ǵڱϣһ֪ҲԷ̣͵ĻǯӡƤϣ̵ƤǴѿ¶ʺģѪ⡣
ӲءŤͷ֪ʱѾһ۽ޣƫͷ
û˵һ֣־Ӹ߶ƽ̬Ѿ˲
ûκѡ
ͷѵ߹ȥ
˿ó·ߵǰ̧΢֣ȥƵڸ
ĸɿɳЩϵĲһ׹ϣ޹ҡҷճһߴŵµʢ塣
ֶòӣĤ죬̫Ũصľθһֻ߬סһֺˮӿ޷ֿľ壬ˮӺϺͷ̲סʹȥŻȴһֹ̣ǰסСһ߬ѹ
ëĶסףסߣ̵סſ죬ڴͼʵĿӿֻЩ޿ײǵζ
ۣٱģ˲֪ãЦһ£ڴ󷢴ȱصͷĴſ촽ֻǸոϣץסһݣеغı.¼ȡȥϢ
ͫãȻˮʶδۣ۾ѾѪһͫƤëβ׵ļ΢΢ͷ԰׵գĦ
ⷲ˵壬ֻһ΢ϡһܰ÷顣
ȻԲΪʲôҪͣԸȥȥˣٱŪһʲôԡ
޾ЦзһɫʣŰھ޴ͭϣβһ׺ݰھ棬סһֻɶ֩룬ߴѹص㻹ʲôûг𼱣𼱣ǰҶ㡣
ͭͷ˲ײ죬죬־ȴѡ
ˣʶħˡ
ͷûеɽġ
һĻᣬ˷
ǰδеѣǰδе侲
ۡôδеϸ͵͵£Һۡ
Ǽ˺ĺβٿȻͣסϡ
ѹȵͣֻĿһһ¼ٵߵĹ̺ȻֲϢ
ļ£תĴǡ
еĹ˶˳ȥŵĵãֻʵͭӳ۾͵ֲӡ
񿴲ɭɫءϸܵһһ
£ôˡ֣̿һʲô֪޹ŮصҺ£Һ£¡¡
ĿǻضµĺϢһڽûۣͣ
ð죬̧֣ӣס˻ɿס˼Ρ
˱ۣͻȻᱧԱȥ
٣ȴ¶㷴˼󱳵Ӳľ齣̧ͷãȻ峺Ѿ¶̬ĵѪͫнŲп˷ӣ˺һЩβѹסֱۣǰȺ䶯̰һ͡
ͷգͻȻҧһڣǳǳѪ˿ռ£ס
п̽һȥ
ͻȻʵЦɾЩѪ˿
Ҫԡ᣺Ҫԡ
ϡﻩ
ţšʣҹԣ£ҹԡ
Ź֡
񾭲ͷ
л˵


106 
ٵŵҲЧġ
һҹԡ֮,޾һָȻǶģ㲻ͻȻ,Ҫж˿
ϵֳԡ
֮죬ȶڴ,Ե,ܹܺŽҵƫǸСԺӶջȥ,Ҳûּۻۡⲻܹ,ʵ޾ⶫѰ·˵ħħ,̫,̫,ˣǲ𣬲ͼʲôɫ,ԺܱĮƽ̬ȶ,ܸжˡ
ŹǰСԺӰգһ
ܹԱЦúϲ£죬еϲϲסҵλﶼûй٣д컯ˣ
Ͽ˵ܲ𡣡
Ͼû޾ʬľǿˡ
ܹܸ̬ԣЦǺ,ȷȥ,ǵһĵ,ҲԶټӰסµģǺλҲδһԡ
ܹҰĲʲôҲ˵ˣֻ֧̣³ʮ˸ǳȦ
أүΪʲôûһܶĿࡣ
ϲصĹǴӵţһֻ޶ͺëͷɥҵߣߵſڣȴһȺ˴ӵһװݰŮˡ
εá
εÿʱסֿ̧ܹŸĹˣɫ΢䡣
̽ˣǡ
㣬ʧ裬˵ûܳƾصľȷǰһʦ㡱ƽҲʲôǺЦǱּԭסԺ̫ˣȥȥҹ·㣬ɴȰƫ
εõһ°ˣſܹܣֿ
εûʲô뷨еĶԹİǰ壬ҲٺʲôǳǳЦ£ͷεһƹȥ
εۿŮԼԼһ桢ȴ˰ʱҲûĹţŮߵǰʱȴеش򿪣ҵصĽ׷׵ͷȻŮɶȻ˽ȥ
εüֱԼ۾
йλΪѾǸ֮Ů빬µķŮ
εÿܹҪߣæסˣҪһ棬ͷΪͨ
ұ¶ԥ֮ɫ
ȷҪ¡εú᣺ˣѾû£ͼһ棬˵仰͹ˡ
Щ˵ڣ˵ˡ
ūԸܹͨܵ˵˵ЩҲѼһ档

ܹܵĻһǰƣݺεϡ
Ů֣Щˡȫˡ
εۿܹǷ뿪һ£æסŮٻסֱۣ
εʧǿǽյĵţૣ㿴㿴Ҵû谮һŮˡ
ʹνںȨ㳯Ұĵܻûйһ
ôһֻһ
ٻεõɫȻ䣬Żˣôˣ
εɫҰף߬Ŵٻֱۣૣܣܡ
ѾˣѾİˣɢҷ𣬵ֻӰӣֻӰӡҲǣӰӸ񣬹ƻõУ԰ˡ
εʣԽԽָ֣߬߬ݽѪ
а֮ǰЩŮһ͸Ů.һȦԼƤ£˶࿴һۡ
ε޲ߣûκΰգһΣĺˡ
ྭӪٳֶŵõЩԲκвͼĶ
εĿٿȻͷȻɫʡ
߽ڣ޾ڼ¡
֪Ϊʲôİˣ»ҵϡãΪľĲ¡
İǰʶǸȻ䵭ζ޾̣İһȫȻĮĴħͷ
֪ʲôЦ
ŲۣƳϡ
³һЬӣֻŰСŲȽصĵ̺ûһߵ޺齣ϥèһȥָǵ̫Ѩذࡣ
ûʲôӦԵŶ
һͷѨָ⻬䣬ĺ󾱡˿ƽֱļʢӵļپʵúֵָܰƤ⣬еľѬǹ㣬оԼȫ־ĿƣѪƤϸϸѪ˿
꾫
ﰵɫӷΣ󱳣ֱס򣬲ͷͷҡҷˮң¡
㡭СƵ޺˲ѣããૣ㰡
û˵
ۣʺͫŨ۽޺¶ʲôһ־Ӹ߶Ӻݵ̬ͷСɾԼ
ë޵ԴһһĲӣۣ߰ز䣬˻Įز࿪˸գ᲻ãϢݣ÷ȵǲ
޾ۣ˦βͲŪ̵Ļֺ촽ʱ򣬲һ㴽꣬.ͷס
һˣϢİʣûᣬֺ˺ŷȥȻĮƿŻ߲ԴˣûϢĶ̰
Ҫ
꾫ʹ.ҩ裬һǲ뿴ߵӣС̲ţ۸ŵ⣬վڵ¸ߵؾӸƲޣ񾭲ϣҪ
ȭߡȭȴΨΨŵŵĨĨʪͣü˳ָ
Ҳûо˳̵ʹ
ţ·㵱ղԸ빬޼ʱ㷭ߣֱץ˻
Խˮ⡣
Ϊʱ¡˵û۶û£Ҵû뿪ңҺ¡
Ҳˡ̱ģͷɬ˵´ҺãĽ£ԸԶڱߡ
һЦŪ
ӱȭ
£áһķŮ¶ޱĽģڴ˵ҲܼӶҵļ𣬼Ӷҵ׺ãؽ۶ˣͽڼٻ󡣡
Ц˺ܾãЦס۵ױķ̣ЦƳһۣ˵ʲôݣۡ
ʲôд˵˵ҽһ˵ҴӦ
ԺһȭС޾̴ɣŬҧгݳǰί״һһطڵ£ˣ¡
ѧȻЧԶˣۣĮ޶ԣ塣
ʩЧ˰콿ˣһſſ̱ϣ
ȵ߿òãһۣ۰Ͱ͵
ʤġġ⻪޵۾ֻһ˫۾ġ
̽ͷǡ

䶢˻Ǵۣס촽
л˵
ɶ֣һ㣬̲ס뷢(>n<)



107 
ʱ,оԼĸ첲ȱĶѹס۵úܡ
ԺۣһſŵĶ,ڴ֣ïܵë,,һ,βͼ,ĵҡ
ţ˼,ʶ޾̵β͡
޾Ǹ꾫,źüβ,ⶫЩѹϣ,ѹһϹѹجΡ
Ŭ˶,߰ſŵβζë޵ѣ־еֵĿɰ
ζβУβ̩ɽſҡΣ̲סֹȥһץסҡεβͼ⡣

βͼ˲궯βʹҡΣ,žžֱ,ڻ,βͼؿڣһŮܰβͽһ£ȻĴԽԽСԽԽС̵䶯һӭܵĽ顣
סŤĺβͣŪһëëڣīȾĺڣа߲߰ƣëƤⶼħ͸ˡ
ͷŪſ꣬ƿͼ´ĺβֱͣסһβ͡
βƢõö࣬ŤŤֻߣһѣٿȻ˹ͷƵ
ǰ׵ģỬѩףžƯˡ
ߣߣҲԹԸƿĺβͲģ˳ԵذѰβͼԱߡ
ŰβͼⶺֱҪҧһ˹סëŭţŭʨë֧ù˼ҪȥסβͺһʲԸſ䶯ˡ
Ťͷһ˫صĵĮۣͫͷϣ䵭
治ɫŰβϥйȥһ˵ֺ˵£ˡ
ſߣز˲䡣
ֻ£ںڵĳûᣬƵɢһ
ǰ԰ġ
šһȻûа߿Լ̧ͷ
ߣһͷ̣Ҳȥβ͵ë⿴ϸëһŷжӲһҲûβͻҡΣһʹо
ʧɿ֣һۣβʹһ»ˡ

ⷴȤǷȥץ׶ֱûǷڨЦһ£̧ȥ§סӣС£޽˵繬ϯҿȥμ𣿡
Ѿû뿪ҵˣŷ緶Χû
ǲˣץס޾ĻŪһ⣬ֺ޾̣ĽģԲôȦԼΪԼȡɡ
뵽޶סĲӣ£ȥɣȥзҴСסɽûԹз
һŤŤĥߴۿɼᷳ䵭Դƿֲ˼£ڿȥɣʱСԴ
ޣСԴɵ˵
һжãһ
ڵԵ
ɫĮϢȴվ˳ͷ
ֻ˼£ȻŮԽԽ֪СƱƣ£ʵ޽㻹ȥ桭
𡣡ЦҿǲҪˡ

˲𰡣ɱ˿ħ񾭲
缦һؿ
ۿޣһֱͣʣ϶Ůҵϵ
Ҿ֪ǱȲġʣίʮֻࣺǱµ¸ҵ飬޽㶼ʱؼҿҽôãû۶ʲôӡ

˱񣬱һЦҡͷЦУûʶųı߿ϵãһʧˣȥйϵ·

أҺÿ࡭涣֦һطֻǸССķŮɼһСС󶼲ԸӦҪˣδ϶ȶϣʹӢմ󡭡

Ǽ˹ˡ
⸱ɫαģٿ޾Ͱӳȥ
ء

޾̱Ĺ޽еͷҪˣ£һסӣֻҪܣ¾š
һĭӣȴ峺޹ôأ´ҶãԸһź¡
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ߴߴ£컹ϳ𣿡
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þûϳˡԴϱۼµľȰ˵Ŀ̫ðɣҪϳɣ£Ҫ
ֱӱȥһĮıӰ˹ȥļĥߴ£Ҫõ۾ҪȻ˻һģ£¡

ܹܴţͻȻ㱣ǰʱձγɹźʱԺٵСٷˣΪʲô³¡ɹɵȵϣ˻ǣһٷ۾֧Ǹ°͸°ͿУޱ׷һһĲӣ׷ϵʱק
ٷޣٷޣ̶ĸ֣̺ŶԾ鳦
ʲôɤۣܹܿǾ˺ð죬ʤڳվŮСβƸں棬¸ϣܹæȥΪ죬ùᣬ͵ָԱЦеŮȥ޼ҵŮ˵Ƥҿ
ܹæǷǣǡ
֣Сͷ˲䣬ӦµرԼģȻŤͷܣܹæ׷ϡ
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˶

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룬пܱгһԵʱͻֽᷢڲǲֵһĶͷģȤǸ˲ţ˵ֺҳġ

Ĳ顣죺˵ϯҿܷŷŷ磬ҪԼз
Ļ˲䱻ѹȥ¶˷ܵӣððȥ
ֱ԰֪Ϊʲôһ˼ѪӣΪϯȻٰģ
⼸ڹзͷѹεö̧ͷٲȻ֮͢ȻѫŮڸ־ٰʱᣬԼȨơ
԰Ц԰˲һƬţ𾪿Ǹ棬ðֺٵء
ȴⲻˣ±ǿ£ڰԱ߲зʱ򣬻üɫ˵ղܿɫ㿴𣿹ˣҿ˺㣬ô˶ϹϾ˭֪ܿѾջƻǱµĸα
ϸ˵λݶûУ˭ںǸסҵϦദͬߣʲô壬ʲôλѾܱ򵥳谮ˣЩѫŮ˭ҲɵȻû׵˼㶥ĳҲҶ԰аֲ
Ҿ֪б¡⣺ǣǸܿҿҫԺͱˣ⹬ֵǺˣ
ŵú񻰱ķɣԣ侲һ㡣
ô侲侲úܣ̫ûϢ԰ηηŵӺܲ⣺ʲôڿǳӦŰʲôʲôȥ͸˵Ŀʹܿ乬
ⲻķ
죬˵ʲôɫһ䣬˲任һֺı飺ϣôˣ֪ô밲ˡ
Ǿ仰ûλݣӦܿ񣬵룬ܿҪܰû׼ֹͱһֽگϵøɾ
ܿ߹ʮֻԭüȻ뽿ѾûˣŰǶԹޣļƲǳûпڳԣǴ˰죬ȻЦ׾鵱ĿдҼƽϡ
ǺóΪһСźСŶԻожϢڰ֣ˣˡ
ˣиСܣͲò˵ˡ
ܿЦͻȻյߣص˵ΪĹ˭֪װλ裬Ǻôĵӣ
ˣ˼룬ŷӦ

Ϊһ죬Ҹ㣬ˣشܿ⣺»ᱻԻ󣬵ƭˣܿͻ֪αװŭı˺Ƭζ
ܿͻȻ˺һ֦ҲЦƣλϲϵá
֪ΪһͻһŮӴӱͽ
ΧѫȹĴ綼һŮӴɫµĵۣϲһޣòޣȴʮİһӡûС϶ûһֱֱʱвű۵⡣
ԽԽһϵһԥŰ

Խ촽ţ˵Ǻ˵ˡ
ϸŰֻɡֲĪԽԽϤ۾ԽԽڴʣ㻹ǵǺ𣿣
л˵
޾񾭲޾񾭲޾񾭲ķƣÿǸ˵ʱһҪԼκϣ(Ш)



108 
Խڴ,񣬳𾪵ɫãȻֵֻ̿,ɲ԰׵ı
ߣŽ,,֪˶,ֱϡĹ⽥谵,űƿ
ܹܴż߽ɫ׿,һ,ŵ˵,´ֹ١
ǵһ˲߬
촽ſܹܷ·֪룬ԽﱻѺ,ѶѸϸ,δ빬Ĺ㳡ʦ״ײˣ·䣬ֻʦԽһǣصӡ
޹󼧱㹬Уʱıչšܹ˵ϱѵ𣬹󼧵ֳ˾֮λļˡ´ףʬǿ,ϡ
,ů,ȴоźıѣ˹
Ҫʲô룬ֱֻڿһ仰ȴҪɱ˲Űݡ
»ûعȻȺ򡣡ܹѹȱ»򲻿ִܣҪ˳Ҫ±Ҫƽµŭֻºˣ˲кá
ǵãܹ죬ֻ˵һܵͺܵ͵ģѾԭıˡ
ĬԣһŻվ
»صܹܺæµ׼ʳˮ谵ҡҷڷܻİϣ߲˹Ӱ
齱ߣ˻ˢˢ²صܹеسƺ¡
Ĩһߡ
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ħ֮ͻƴˣϵ֤λ֮ͬʱͰ
Ѿ˵ԼһȫˣԼɸʲôĹϣҲһ㡣
кѾˣܺá۾ͣһһΪվǰǰò˵ǰĻǰ£һ̲סɱһͷֻۣɱˣһҲ޷ܣһɱʶˣ˶ɱɾûаء
촽ֳͫ־塢ʹ;
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죬ð첻֪˵ʲôɥŰĮӣСʦǸŮϡô
ۡ
λԽﱻųûǣˡɳƣ²Ϊɣ˻һٱޣն߳õұۡ


Ĭ˺ܾãоð
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룬ֲ֮ǰ˵˵Ը빬
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ˣ˼ôûΪŮ߱أ
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սʱĴţ˵ǰһλ󵨵ɲ䣬վҹֻɴڱµ·ͤ衭ǸȫҶӽǿߣԲԲһ䡣
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£˭Ҫˣǲſ£˵ҲǸԼңȫʮһԴ
Ħָ⣬Īر£ǸƽʱһƢûеϺˣ۾˼ʱóԺð
㡢
̧˿ͷ˼ð죬ڳ˸ǷΪ˵ʱ䲻˵û޷.ͻԵҩۡ


ʶҪУ侲һס죺֪ûУȥʣ϶зҵҴ
ɵÿ͹ӣҲк˵İɣҼȻ˵£ͲȫҵԴº֮ǰĲһȥ˵׵ġ
ҵɣ統˵ҳڱûõģǸˣԴвʱײϵģҲͬĴǰңҲǼҵġ

̤ĴĴ
̤𣡣
л˵
̡
տ߳͹ѪŷŰȴϷƣ
ɶôܸЩľ˷ܣҡβͣ



109 
޼ȻҲͬĵ,ԺܿĴİҪĶ
򿪲һſָ׸ǴСӡ
ԱŴתֹôС,ôŶһǹܷ.黹ǹܻԵģ
룺˵һ,˵ȥץʱõġ
飺
飺
ԾǸмʶ,Ҳ̲ס
Ҫð̲סҪ,üһ,Ю񾭲
ʣò𣿡
죬ҭס
⻹治һС
޾Ǹ񾭲,ϱ.ʬ˵񾭲,û,ҪǺĺӣϱĺӡ
ⳬ˳󣬵,޾̿϶ǲҰѴСӵĺô
ĭ,˵ҲС
ҾҲСͷҲ滳ģһħһǷˣ̫ˡĸ뺢һغ£ԶԶһĸףܳеһС
鲻ףǻǲ
ӣ¶˼,С˵,Ըһһ𣿡
飺
ںͳ鳤ʱĲѺЭ̺,Ǳͬһ󱦱
⣬ʼ׼һ׶Ρ޾ҩ
޾ҩʵһ㶼ѣΪиûзһ˵ö಻˲ܸҩȫһιǿߡ
ҩ޾ҲûɶáҲ˵Ǵڣҩ಻һ㿳ҲƤơ
֪ͷûЩԲ£ֻԼ̬ȡ
Һ꾫Ǹĺ꾫Ӹµ.ȻĮưؾܾúࡢǸѬĵɫһô桢ôô棬
Ϊһ㶼ˡ
ǱȰĶ
޾ҲﻹжİѾûһΣĮƽݵ̬ȣƶضͼ˺ֻȻڵʾԸάִα棬ٸ¶һȨκ˺Ļᡣ
ɱǣҲĻô
ΪҲ޷ˡ
ǰƭܶΣڣ̹̹ƭˣѾһħͷ񣬺Գ԰նԲûһȱ֮ģôȥ
ΪԼԸıԽʦֱնϵֱۣ˵ĻʶѾˡ
Ը£ѾӲ͸ˣڱħһ̡ͻƴ˵һ̣ѾױˣԸøůҲůȥˡ
øıȥġ

޾̲ÿ춼ҵģʱʵҲӰ
ܹܣܹܺ壬ֻԼ˵ȥչˣȥȴ˵
ڴһ¥
һûȥ¥ʣժ¥ժ𣿡
ܹ֪һ£˵ЦˣժǲǸƶѣ¥ƽǷģ׼˽
Ťͷܽȥ𣿡
ܹԥƬ̣ǷǷ뿴ȻܽūΪ·
һܸߵ¥ߵϣƿ˫ľţһƬ¶ƽ̨ƺ֮ϣ¸ɽӿϸܽ֯Ľ¥һƬ۶ķ⡣
ڵأľ壬תſյƽ̨̫ˣ̺ӣ߿ѩ߳ˮͺˡ
ܹЦкѣҪū̾ͽˡ
빬ôûʲôҪ˼£ܹܵ޿ǧææµµ¥ݴӵ׵Ϻ̺δ齡Χһҵͬ͵Ĳɽ¯
ϲĲˣҵˡ
ջƻ䣬ЮһصҵĹˣΨеӰ
Ϣ̱ˡ
ѪҪ¶ɵʱܹæ£ժ¥Ҫ
⼸ղڣڹįȥժ¥ʰһ飬ʮϲֲ˼񡣡ܹɫС˵»ضˣūȥ
㤹ǵĺ⽥ȥ˻ޱ龶ת
ܹæй˸ϣԼŵΪ·
ߵժ¥Ѿˣǹ˸ߣһ̨ףɨѾװ裬һ볨ľźſ̺еŮ
ŽţŲʽĿ޳ȹſŵƣ¶ѩ׹Сȣһ߷ʲô飬һ߽ζѡ
ȷֲ˼
ܹܸʱһۣæͷȥؿŮ̧ͷߴεӰ۾һˡ
£
СܵߣסֱۣС˰Դͷ£ˣҺ
ܹʱܹѾʶŹ¥ȥֻʣˡ
һûѾݽŮĻʣЩﵹ˵ˣ䵭ƳһۣЦа¶ƽ̨ⶼҲõģ¿ܰ𡣡
ѩ׵̺һһ״СɢżһС״̳ȴˮɫѣᵹľƺԶһСɴɽ¯ɢ
ȻشûĻ⡣
ˡ
㻹ûпأһ
קŵ䣬˵ܰ·룬ԽԽ޹˼ɣǸˣ·ְ죬
һЦ˻ѣָװƤιز˲׷ι
ü壬ǿͷèڲòȥֽŰһӲιüڵǰͣΪ
ɫ֭ˮϣذָʤҪߵĵĿʶȥͿ촽ָȾɺһɫ
ָͻȻסŤͷ޹ôˣ

˵ֻǿ񽥽
ɫף΢΢дĿĵķϡ
ˣʲôƻϥŲȥͷǡ
Ũ;һԱһƺιȣһץһԼסһڣȻڶԿڶɸȡ
޾סűȵ£ҲڵϣҲʼ˷ܣëţŨ.βͲܿƵ
˺ĳ·ܿۺ¶ɢë׵βͼ..䰤عݺץסһ׺ݵ࣬߬Ųβһ·ץβ͸ƹβ׵̽˵.账
ȫһ𣬲԰׵Ƥ.˲ļƤȻѾѹ̺ϣ·ȫɢˣͫҪѪֱҪ˦䲻һںݺҧβͼϣ˲ѪҺβëʣһ·.ȡ
Ȼŭ
͵סӣŭʲô
ͷҧסڣһ¾ˡ
޼Ҹ߿ҩ裬׼һԺҪĶȷʵǵһõģȫȼ¯ˡ
˵ʵʲôҩŪסһڵħ˭ôԼͷȻܿ
ƿ֣ͷ԰׷Ŀ£ûϢض׷ǰǵס죬һֻưסĶӣ𶯣ֻǷˣŪˡ
ȫӲȻ󴭵øˡ
СȻװģҪ
ϻĿѣԵӣ۾պͶ䣬һҪŶҪŶ
ãϲˣ
£¡
ۣĿڲϾ͵߰޿̣סĲӣҪô
졣
ŭ죡ȻŪ㣡
Ѫ۾ͬѪое£ʲԸŶʵˡ
СС£һ½ƫͷȥȧ̵ع𣬺ۡ
Ī
ͷССֺõǡ
һ۽ޣ䵭𽵹촽죬ȥ⡣
ںƽˡ
л˵
٣


110 
ܹժ¥µȰ,ûȵ
ͷӦðⶼʱ,ôҲð˴ҵȥˡ
ܹҵ,ǳʲô¶,ԽԽ,æߡ
һͨߵ,ܹǰ棬ͻȻŵһɼǺ˵,,رԵµľ,ճغǰĵ·￩һ£·ǰһ,Ҫʲô˺Ƭ
ܹɫһ,̻̲֪ʲôʱ䶯˶͵͵
ǼģŮɤֹԹʲôܿͱһסҺ.彻.Ȼ⧵͵.ֵơ,ֻô̶һ,ʲôлˡ
ܹܼʶ,һ£ʲôˡ
˲䣬ֻһ仰
үٷ˰
ãȻδߣܹܷӦһѽȥݺݵЩûĶһۣѹߣߣ
ܹµ¥ף̰Ѵ˶ߣֻֽɵŮֽ˸ϽõĸҩͲȻЩŵصȴ
ڸףʱ󣬲Žһع⡣
ܹԽԽߣʱڴһ𣬾ȥֻ۵ĵ߳ᱧһںеϸŮ
ŮۣɫȻպһΡ
˵ʵܹĴһٷϸӹǱ˻ˣ⿴ȴô񷴹һĮ񱻲ɲһ룬ϲ²ʹġ
ܹС鲽ȥ¡
ʰɾɫһܵγˮɤӼ¯ӣͬҵ¯ӣȫջң޼ҵŮĹ޷ͶһƤ
ǡ
ܹһͷˮΪĪùĳ޼ͬ룬ȴӦۿŵƹѹųŭ뿪
ŵıӰܹĪŹֵͷ
ôôһ㲻ҹ˹顣
ǿϹƵġ

Ǳɹѵġ
ůıצԱȴûϤ塣
ף
ۣĿǿյı죬Ѿصҵֻһˣһڵ˲Ӱ
Ķʱƿʣϴ
ϺˬҲûеľʹֻЩۣ߻ż򣬱ܣԱ߹ˣأ
ҡͷū澲֪

ʲôʱߵģ
СһۣС˵˯գֻһ峿ûˡ

ֿۿտյı죬ã
˯֮Ѻͷһ糿÷£´СأԳأһأ
ֱûӰˣ
˯ˣ
ʱ洫ܹܹѯˣ
һ˿ֿΪ£׼Ϊᷢ٣Ƿܹܳ˵һѾȥطͳȥ
һǷһ룬ȥˣվӳȥܹܺվ棬ɢͷ߳˺˲ˣæͷ񣬲Ҷ࿴
һ˵㣬ܹ˵ҲŸͼȥҪ鷳ͳһˣԼأ
ܹڨЦ¾ȥء
޾²д󲡡
Цʲôõطб²Ƕ᲻üˡ
ܹܲһشˣױΪʲôϼˣ¾ǲһһڵˣҪǱ֪Ҫ̶پ䡣
ܹӲͷƤȥϴɡ
ˡԱ߳һ֧ӣͷ˼Ȧߣ߰ɣȥʲôõطȲơ
ܹӣɫء
Ȼ󰢳֪ʲôõطˡ
ĵع򿪣̹ǵͷﴵ
ǴĹǿߣ֮ɫ֮ء
ޱɭ̨ߣ룬˯ۣ֮Ȳǿ߲ιۣ޾̣а˭Ҳܱˡ
ѣ޾һĹżӴ󺡹ǣŨصѪ븯ĸζϢ
ħѪɲλʱ¹һƺƴּ⣬ټħħսŵأڳߵħǣЩ⼸ʮǬǿ顣
Ѫɲħݻ٣Щħȴ̸ݷּڻĵأ̸ݹ齵£ЩħźĲص˵֮Щħڴ˵أعԻǿߣϽ۶밢Ե֮
ŻѣþһӴĺǣĽؼȺӼ䴩󣬽һ߾ʬȥЩʵѪѸٸãɻǺɫϪźǣЩڵ⣬㱼нƻ͡
ݷ䡣
ɱˡૣϿпᡢ壬ħ˷ѣطսҲֹغͳһƽȴһƬǼ
Ӳ̻ˡҲǿѹס̫ƴ
ΪʲôÿЦ̲סЦѪɲûЩȥѹЩȡɱˣɱԿ־ѹɱˣ¼ҹǷ𣿡
죬ɫء
ֻս֣ѣԡ
û˵
ЩһӺǼ䴩ӰͻȻ˵أҰϣϣ뿴һĻġ
ƿԣΨĬȻ
оۿɬͷĨһ۽ǡ
Ϊأ־ȻҪ£ƣǽˣʱһбˣʹһ⣬ǾܴӴ˸Կʼոµ
û뵽Թ벻ôһ˱ħòȥʹ࣬һͬȥеʴȡ
ȴͬʱһֻ֣ݺݸصһ׹Ԩһͷ
ЦЦ
ᣬָ侲ء
СĴһۣɫƽ֮ǰ侲
롣
ڵعټ޾̡
վڸߴΧߣĮ
֪ΪʲôԼЩ
ھҪΪйһôôܲͷ㶫һףҪǸʲôŪιǿߡ
ֻЦ
ɵ棬˵
¥ݣЦడ
ʮֲɫˣÿֲ
ð亹ִϽͼͻȻǰ˽»
ȫһ˲佩ӲͫѸٷŴС
С˰Ƕû˻ῴֻ׺ݵ߬Ҫϡ
棬дģҲоģȴӲģȻһͷ
ȫڲҲԣûܵ
ԿǶĿڣеС˵Ǵߡ
ݺɤӼһ˻ƵŤĿھ
ãɱĶˡ
ȧҧø߸ߣҪ˭Ĺͷվ̵һ䡣

ãȻñµɫ̫Ź֣ӿ裬ͷһǡȥˡ
¥ݿֻʣźظߴΧɼ׵ĵعӣõѪԴԴӿôҲӦøЩĵط
ɰһɻյθȼգƹˤֻ޹˼й
£
ţߣɤӽ˹檲ðѳ檽еﺦ£ģ檲Ūġ
ѽ£ͻȻôţѹӳЦôˣ
л˵
٣


111 
ʹ,¿϶һξͳɵġ
һˣ޾һħر,һξ̫ˣҲŪεġ
Ǹ˾ľһ,Ҳ,ܻز޾̡
޾̵̬ȡͺĪ
֮,޾̵Ĺϵ,޾ڲôʣҪһʵ,ϴڹǿ߲ʹ,,ɫҪԼĪеٴͥһΣҲûô
ĹϵŤŤǢ
޾Ǵ,ײϵĮ,Ժɫ͸ԷʳŹӴ.ÿζòĥӲݣҪݺþãżΪǿưȥҲüֱ߬ͣ粻ˣһ۵,ú,֪Ϊ챻۸һ
ܱ,ֱô֮󣬰е׹Ȼװġ
ϴβĴ˲һиͷġ
ʲôҲ˵϶ܲˣ޾Ҳһֱû˵ӺһοʼԼͷϸ顣
ҲǰʳģһԼ棬ĥġ
󣬰һ²֪˵ʲôá
⡢ֱ̰
ƤϾҲûôҲе᲻ãͲ˼ˣҪ͹˰ɡ
⶯̫ͻأˣ֮ǰôͻȻͲˣ˯֮ǰҲٶֶŰ±ɸصˣ̫ˣܿ
ɫûбãѿˡ
ϣ軻˯ȹһ齱ߵţڿ飬ǰСһͺܻİܹϵ־֪оʲôϡŹֵĶ
ͷߵеϣڵͷɢϣ΢΢Լ¶.԰׽.ʵļ.ȳ񲼸ϸ.
ðɣȻǸ񾭲ҲǸ˵񾭲
ưư죬Ҷ룬ƿһȥԼųһ׼˯
հԼŵһ룬;һ󱳱ӱ͵ȥקź
̧ͷϵ
ʲôȣſңҪ˯
뷴ɫˡ
ŵͻȻŨˣѾеӦζһ仯̾͸֪
޵ζӰ죬ŭš.ڡġ
оԼԾʼȣ׹æץס֣£ҲǡǸ˼
˹Լ֣Ӹ¿ʾԼûȤʲô˼
浱Ƣ̫ˣʱӲҪϣһʧȥȤŤͷܡ
ĺ£
оѾʼԽԽ٣Ͻȥֺĸ첲£ң治ǣǡء
ߣС˵Ҷ֪ˣҲôۡ
£ۿ
֮ǰֲ֪˼ġȥ֣ĥ乴޳СĴָС˵ôãǲǺۡ϶
ۣÿɷ񣬵ӽͻ
ɿΪ¾ôˣһͻȻ䵭һֻһʱˣһ̥ǣһȹЩʱգסȻͲˡ
˴ûӦ
Ťͷۣ䣬üȴħļ졣
ãû
ڼĥĥߴߴֱ컹ܴ˵ίд
⡭
ɰ죬С˵ݡ˵ǡ
ǡǱ¡£ǳ檶ԲסҪһ̡
ЦԱۣģһϻú˵
ǲͬĬϡ
ԣֱ̽۹סĲûκηӦҧҧ䣬˳׵գȻױ..
߰һȦҲϱĺ죬еŨأױĿڣ.ȥۺܵ͵Ĵ
˿С˵ҡˡ
һ۽ޣ䵭Ƴһ¡
ĭһȴѹԷֿٿȻһ죬͵سһ¡
Լ򣬳̵֡
æȥƿ죬ƶĮ
ˡ
̫ˣ̫ˡ
߶²ȥ֣ü俴һֹۣ֣ȥɴϡ
ŵöһ¡
üͷøĿϢ۵
ֻ
ȷʵͦرģҲզˣоҲУʵô̰޾̣ͷ޾̲ȧǽҧӣ϶ۣôΪɶԸ⣬ͦһôǲǸоӦҲҲУ
𣿹ͷ˲
룬̫ˣǿ㣬Ͻѳ鴧ɡ

ĸǩӣŵռһ£һա
Щ겻֪ʲôʱ߰ҽ飬һħ֪ܵʶ˼飬ڷϣڼǰһ£Ϳʼ½׼
簮ԱȽʵġĶƢ꣬˯
Ϸȫף޾Ҳʶ䵭޾̲ɫֲÿһϹʼʩȥȻƢһ±ñʱקסβӵԱߣЦµβͲҪ죬֪ĻΪʲôһϲܲ˵Ĵɫ.
޾̵ʱɫһ±ˣֱָ͹Ťͷűƫȥҹ¡¡ŭ߷磬űӼ˯
֮죬ƫ˯һûа͵˼޾̸տʼػΣӣŭֱȫûֱܻԼӣ׼ʳ
ֹ˼죬ڵ˼ƻʱ䡣
ӱԴ̽ͷ󿴿ҿ
ʱûһ㶯
رȡһ飬ӯӯ΢ѡ
ʱˡһʼɡ
ͷ
޾̲ɵ޾̵ġ˵ֻڵԪӤŽ̥һֱһԪӤڣڵҲڸɾǸʱ򣬾ʲôסˣס㻹ʧȥĿܡ
Ƿ˵壬ʴªٴªҲϡڵģ޾Ըɲ壬гһգδûĿܡ
һѣȲ౩¶ʱ޾̻ôԴ͵ԪӤʧֻǸˣͨ˶磬٣ಡ
һΣ𣿡̲סʣбҪʵҲ޾̶㲻֮ǰôҲûô
ЦЦ˵飬֮ǰ뿪𡣡
Ĭ죬̾һǾã̫ˡ
ˣ˶£Űۼ֤ԹٿࡢᣬӣѾԳƵɣԸѰ֮ܺ˪Щˣڵ޾̵Щֻ۱ֻۣôȥôԡ
϶˶ôϡͿȥģҲû˭ǵִȥ¡ǵðǷǷָװףֻ۱ֻۣԼһЩҲܺ
ЦˣЦһȴ˵飬޾оβֻͣǰ׵ģʣȫ͸ˡ
Ȼ
޽ǿѪȥȥЩħǣǵؽɽĿܣҲάΪ
һ𾪿
ĴǲĴˣûͻǵħһħĮѾʴ˵ǣһ§ң֪ûʲôĲĻˣԶɲʥˣԶһµʥˡ
Ҳ޷ʥ˵ٹϾˣֻᣬġֹ׹ȥ׹޾
ͣͣ˺ܾãһ˿ʣ飬Ҳ֪Щħܳ׸˼䣬ᷢʲô
֪ȥ롣
ѵúͿѵúͿ
ôʦȥģǺʦ͵ͻһʦáôǸ䵭ȴȻζ꣬ɲĮȻµħ

ܺͿֻ۱ֻۣܰʣ˭ԶҡԣҪѡ侲עһھ޴ֻ˼֮ǰ߾ȫıһС
ɡĨĨ۾ų飬ſֱۣ¶ƽ̹Ķӡ
ΪЦ飬ɡ

һ죬ҵƫø
ȵ˿磬ֻ֣̿СƿʣͿڴߣɫ԰׶ƽȴº˵ɵ£˵ֱˣɣг޹ӣȥͻؼУȥϺõĲƷʹͣ볤޼Ұġ
УصĻ뼸λ۶һˣҺ˼ǣһǡ˵˭˵ҷԸġ
ϵ£Ǳ֮ǰ׿µּ⣡ο֮͢˸Ľɣ
ǻֲ֣̿Ҳ
ʱŲҴܹǻѹֲסļ꣬üһͿٷڲԷɿȹ޷ֻ򵥱֧һС
ٷ˲֪Ϊγҵˣ¸סٷҲͷܹܼͷȰֲȰҲҶ˵ʾ֭ôۺϵ˵ٷ˴Ϣһ̣㵱ʹȥҴææ͸Ϲ
ҵḶܹܼ́ͷ亹ﰡ֮ǰô˵ģôܽء
ˡ
ܹܻտ˸ͷͱŮϡ
̧ܹܴͷͼݺЦ˵糿ͻȻθܲŻ˼ΣҲû³ʲô

ܹãȻûӦǲˣ̫ҽǣ֮ܡ
ŴЦҡҡͷ
ܹܾͿ¿ӣֻ֣ڸ

ַܹܿŵλã죬ͻȻһɵͷܵŸɴ۾촽ʼ¡
ܹǰδС˼ǡ
ЦЦӣһССʻϢ
Ҳȷ۾̫ҽһƣ֪𡣡
л˵


112 
ͻȻ
ǿ,ھĬźüתн첽ȭͳ,˾ͽ¡
üڱչأ˭Ҳ
ͷ˾ͽҪ,ԴǼǣλҵ,ҵȲþ
üͷø
ǣٷˣ
彣,صʯŴεڴ,߳عͼλѵȺ,ΪǸеȵ,ų,ɷǵϳɡ
һ㣬¶ЦΪڹ֣ͳ졣
,ϳ,İǰͳħѱռΪҲݣΪ֮ǰ෬ʧأֿħǵһ壬ϱΪ̳,λݷ¸Ϊצ,Ҳ̲ϲд,̶̼ѸٷչǬʢ֮һ볤Ϸͥ⡣
㹰ֻ񣬲Զ˾ͽ£漰
֪һҡͷ̾ͳ֪ҵּ⣬ĹĹ޹󼧡ִ͹У´ʹͣ⣬ϸ۶
ɫȻһ䣺½ղּ
ˣΪⲢǱּ⣬ǳҵּܲ
һ
ٷµּ
ٷôּ⣿
ʶԣҲȻԴ䣺ͳ죡¿񣬶ٳǵļ׾죬֮ǰ֮ʥҲֲ⳯͢𣬵Ҫ˳ּ⣬λôּܲȻر׿µʥͣǺεȲ棡εȴ治ֽ֮ںεأ
üͷšţһۣ
ףΪ˾ͽ޷֮ǰΪְ࣬ȨнΪõ֮λɱϣȴֲʤ֮ǰǳĴ󰸣ǵõŭǣ浽ϣ޷񲻵òְαݴ޷ְ֮
κòװѳ޷ȥȻԸⳤ޷ǰЩӳ޷ͻȻĪ´θ˵úܣͲó޷棬޷ٷּųץѱΪնݳ޷ҲضҪٷ˳
֪Ѳһֲû֪Ҫ粨ĪҪץٷ˲ţнͳ죬˾ͽȥ
ʱϲĶȻ³
μߣظں棬ߵ㣬ͼѷڵϣʲôһϡ
±ǷܵƣδɢĿֲħײħյĺۼûκα飬˻ߵؿظѪɫͫһƬĮ
ĻĽ˹ȵס
θצͬƽ¿ıŭϲ
ǰЩѳͻŭ֮ҵС񷴶ȻΥµּ⣬ⴿٳ谮ҲĴ¡
ǲɥҲضʧ裬޼ңǺǣܴǣǵڶԼң޷֮أ֮λ
̧֣ʱס졣
ȥ
αõŭֱߥ޴޷񣬵ŵϲŭĪ﷢飬ʶʣ»ȥֻһһȥ
뿪һƬš
ͷð죬ͻȻһЦ
㡣㣺ǲĲˡ
亹ֱð͵صϥ££ض³Ӳǿ³ç֮ˣ飬вһ֮ԣ֡
Ӳ³çһ£ضȫ׼Ц˵ȴԽԽ䣺ǳԶˣ»Զ
Ǵˡ
֡
̵꣬ɴӴ鱻ٵһգѡرһ̣ν֣ͻҷٵÿ
վ͵ذ.Զڼϵӽɭĺ⣬תԥߡ
εѣæ׷ϣ££
޾ȼһſֲĻͻȻףףΪʲôѧ
ΪʲôԶ˳ɡ״
ΪʲôһһΣҪ㹻ȶ̩ɿʱ߾ȫͼάϵʱ⧲ţ޹˼ɴеЭ
һһΣһһΡ
ҪôôҪô
޾̸оǰɫʽŤһֹʺ죬Ķͷһһֻۣܸ֪ĶԺŭ𣬺ܶҪƷˣɱˣɱˡ
Ҫɱ
ˣͽˣˣҲӴҲʲôҲ԰Զһܺãɣɡ
޾ԽԽúܺãЦ
ŵöɸ
ۿŵüЦܹȥûüϲͿŵӽ

һ˲亮ͷ
££ܹغУȴţ˿־ļеڵأ޶ãڴձĳ˹һ绮棬
̫ҽڹ齣̫ҽ߶߶ǰµע˯Դһһµ
ʱͻȻ־座Ȼľ޽Уһ±ѣȻ̫ҽһҽвڵأ־ſڵķ
գգ̧ۣͷͿߴĵ߽
һ£ֱչʱĵۣɢŨصѪζӸħƣѾѪͫüۿ˿̣ȥеĮȫȥһЦ⸡ϣԳȰëȻ
Ȼ䣬һصĳ
ǰطˣ
Ĭ̴վ
ǰӽĽⲻι棬ġꡱƽСĶһֶؿš
˵ٴΣѾˣҪأҪңҪΥҡ
ԣ㲻˵Ϊʲôܲ
һֻ񾭲
ѧ֪֪ⱲӣеѾķϣ͸ˣᷳ͸ˣ㲻ͷ㲻Ը⣬ãҲٱ㡣
𽣣ϸĲ
Ҫɱ㡣˵һг飬նĹͷ࣬һһڣȸѪ
Ҫȥͷ­ϣ۾ӴֻҲͼ˺Ťʹࡣ
ǺǣǺǺǡ
ħľú˼ʵصЦЦ˵£Ҳۣ£¡
Ҳ¡
ҲЦЦߺƢ˵Ҳµģ¡
񾭲ᷢ裬˲𰡣
ָ֣ѹס⣬һѹͣ׼ԼĶӡ
û˵пĿⶢۼˣʲôУȻʲôҲûˣֻԼ̧ͷЦ£ղ̫ҽ
˵Ҷ˵С˹ӣ£²£ʲô

俴ð죬һ̡
һͷͻȻѵޡ⧲ˮܾͫطŴ󣬽ӲءѵصߣָŵĶǸ


ͻȻʼ
ˡȻȵղˣû壬˵ʲôţ
һƬţһļž
ϣ¡ôˣôͻȻ˵ˡ
л˵
ҹJPG⧲JPG#ųɵJPG#
ҹǱͻŲ·ֱεJPG



113 
û޾Ͽôʵı顣
˵,ɫˣɫͷ׶ʡ
ǰ,Ծˡ
𶯡Ӳͣ£
ţ۾,Ȼǰߡ
Ƕĺħ,һӺĽղ,ԽԽ,档
˲䷭츲أƵת
ƭ¡ͫɺ,͸һĺ㻹ƭ¡
ͻȻǰƽ,붼û,ۼֿץסһֻ֣ḲԼӡ
̫ҽġУ̫ҽԺе̫ҽһġ

ץŵƿʼ
ôġ޳˵,˲ʯͷ,ӣһҶ
ǰߣʱͽ.СϱŽˡ
ϡЦôˣղŲŽ˵Ҫɱ𡣡
˵ȥץǰѽָûǽͻȻͷˣɱڵӽ,ֵİ鳱ӿ,ڵ˼,һߡ
ҪЦ
ôˣ⽣ôˡȣҪȥȴ͵߬סҧһֲּֿ临ӵ
ûƭҡŹ˻ƣûƭң
ûлش𣬶üѽ߬Һۡ
ʶϽɿֿ֣ȷӦûôɫֱ䣬ȧǲס鶯
ĳ£ʱͬգ˫ӵˣҿɲǰˣʮСĲС

һС˵־С˵ɫ
Ȼһûпԣûз
е㾪ȣ˳תʩʩȻߵ齱ߣ¡
Ŀ׷ҪµʱֱۼʶҪ̧£ֱ۲ŷɡ
ûĻлԼ̫ҽЦǿɣλˣһ˸λȡ鱦ȥѹѹ
̫ҽǶʱ¶ϲɫмлл¡
ܹʱ̴ֻ׷ͼٷп齱ߣʯڵ룬ĿԱɨӼȦſһڽӽ
ⳡ棬Ѿ¿뷢ʲôܹ㶼ɿȥӽֽйŰѸְλ
վð죬Ӳߵ齱ߡ
Źбô»ͱһ𣿡
΢鶯Ŵһ˲侹ɬ֪꣬˵ʲôʱ򣬾;ǿסȴҲһͷ
бģˡ
û񾭲ƽϵģԸⱻ͵һΣᷢ裬Ȼڷⷽ
ǻɡ
ûϵеǱİ취
˹Ūָף˵£֪˰ɣҰѳ޼ҵųˣ࣬ôҲúúñ𣬲Щӣ͸󼧵ĸĸ÷һλǸбµˣճĲʹͺϧģɺˣˣҿиʵְλȥɣҲΪЧ

ҵʦʦáǵӣ¶㱻飬̾һʦֶһֱۣҲ֪ˣñŻˣжûعˣҲ֪ôҲȥͽһ˵۶ʦֽüһú˵һ˵

͹ֹس
һһɭɭؼ
ַڶ
˵Ȼֹ
ͷЦеģ˵£һ𣿡
һƬţͻȻɸʧˡ
ĸһͷ
ץס֣Լϡ
ֽһ
ģڻСʲôҲûУҲʲôӵسЦ£ӣúЦŶ
Ϊ
ϣ޾ɫһûб䡣
ĬĳЦֻ̧Ƴһ£侲󣬼临ӵ
Ȼסˡ
ѾǶãûƽ͵̬
ָ֣⣬ᡢһĶӣͷӴС⺬һˮһ̫ġ֪ôӰźõı
֪ΪʲôͻȻʲô˵ˡ
רע͵üۣ񿴼Ŀһ仨ؿή
Բ𰡣
Լһ˵
޾̣Բ𰡡

ΪʲôֽԽ￴ԽԽĵ۹񿴼һͷɭ̾Ĺϳּµľŭûб𣿷ǻȥֽлôǣ

ס˵ּʹѾ˵ּⲻǷԾ͢
͢Խ㱣ǸŮİݣ۾Լ񡭡ԽͻȻʣʲô͢һã˭Υ˭ָԽһּ⡣
һʱĬҲ֪˵ʲôʯ̧ۣ࣬Ծյұ
Խ￴ʪ
Բסʦ֣̫޴ױԼҵ붼ûܳɽ˸߲ȥףһʦֶһֱۣЩɽš
߬ƣ˾ģεŹǣ͵أǶҲʦ
۹عŴεڴ󿪣ǽ߽͢ʱŻĹ·㵷ûбȥ⳯δ빬Ǳֱĺ󹬡
Խ￴ԽԽĹɫ԰ס
Ǹ߸Ҷ֣ҵ
ʹ֪ǵ޹
ټ
ҪѰͷ˽̴𣿣
ҲüҶ˳˵ҽȥûԿ˵
Խֽű䣬ĬĬ߬֡
ƿţһ߽ȥŵĵңӺضţ˴ңڴͷһſ齵룬ûиߴĮĵȴǶһŮ
һĻ˲䣬½صӶס
Ѹٻع
һۿλλ˰ǡʦõŮΪص֪һܶ˵룬ûж࿴һۣ͵ͷֳ˵ػּ࣬Яų빬
ԽＸס֮ҲӦæͷ
Խ׹ģŲǸŮ·վӸ߸ߵ̨׿첽
Խôô죬Ȼųزš
ֱоԼֱ۱ס

İȴϤĳƺϤ
һ˲䣬Խ
߼͵˹ȥס̲סޣ

˺þá
Խ˹סһ̣˻ŷɡ
Խ֪˺ӵʱ۾ɵͭ壬඼ʧ򶨣ʶ
ù˶˳ȥѴ£ԽԱߣһֱ̲סСĿӣֲң˵ио𣿻𣿡
ûʲôоЦֹڶϣûϵôСġ
ԽﻹС£ûκηӦ۾һССðСĺӡ
һ¿򰢳ֻЦɻ䣬ע⵽ѯĿ⣬ЦһЦʦ֣ﶼԼˣûʲô˵ģһӣûܶң޾Ҳҡ
࿴º侲ݣѾ벻ССĹСʦã˵ζĬһʦãԿˡ
һᣬյұۣʦֱ֣ۡ
ûʲôʧ֣ʹҲһ෴ӦȴƽʲôԹŭħİ䣬ضɽչأϢ۹İӿһԼ㣬çײҶٲϣûֱۿòԩ
εصͷʦ֡
ҡҡͷ԰˵ЩħԿţǵϢҲδһֱ֪㵱أǨءǨţ˷ʥͣЩΪΪֲǣάһͳһ̫ƽĴ֣ߣһӣض㣬Ѿ㹻ˣԺ˭Ҳعܣֻչ˺ԼͺӣҪΪʲôִȰƣȱ񣬾Ǵƾ١
˵ʲôء
ʦ֣ûô򵥵ġĬһ£ЦЦȴ˵Ǿë޵Ĵ⬣ֶ̫ϣ㿿һҲۺѪɼʹı䲻ңҲԶı䲻
ƽ⣬˱䣬㷢ʲôʲô
Ѿ˳ȥֻؼˣεˡ
΢΢ͷúʦ֣㣬ءţȥݵľͷȥٲ׺һ󡣡
ͻȻоһĪѹŮݡ
ɬɳʣ뽨һʲôĴ󣿡
һ기׺ֻصĴ󡣡˵һֻתĴ󡣡
Ѱ֮
ֻܻһ·Ҫ㾡ܶõȨϴֻأߵĻǾڲ׺ǿƳ֮
롢룬ڹǿħź˼䡢޾̳ʧǰ
ʦ𻽻
л˵
ʵ޾˽Ⱒģǳɣɹ
û취.̫ˣҹûסˣһڳԽȥˡ



114 
£˾,˹ɣϹȻֲ𣬰Ū,Ժּܲʥʹٳã֮ںεأ׷,صϳͣ
,޷ݸ,ٲ,űչ٣һԾ߾֮λ°ջּ⣡гڵϳ,Ӣ
,Ҫء
б,δϡϡų˻յĹߣԴ,Ѫ,һǱҳ졣
ŽڵѲкһûεˣͽ˿̧ߡ
ܹܱ֣δ빬СĻЦˣϣǵڼˣ
ˡ㵭˵ûһ,˼,һҪϡ
ܹ̲סЦ,Ц˵ҲȰأƽɷǵϴˣ۾ˣҲǿ
㿴һЦǺǵӣʵڿʲô
ʣǺδ㣿
ʲô㡣ܹһۣҳʱ±Сͷޣҿ˿ˣߣЩҲôҲ÷ֻǹԼɢȥ
ƽĶۣЩ˵İûЩгҲǵϣ͢ĬЩأλܳ裬ҲܴأҪǵλԼԼӣ˭Ҳþô£ԴҶ˼ѪһΪϴʷǽѡ
Ȼ뵽ֻô¡
ܹܿЩҡҡͷ¶һ뿴ϷɫЩһ˵ƴȥҲûãǻźӰ
ǿһӰ
ǵΨһãΪ»ģôﹲͬΨһС
Ǻε󡢺εȹص
ܹ壬밮壬ԾӸµشѹšвһʲôˡ
޹СΨһĵᣬȻǸĸܵǣĵֺϵۺһеìԹ¾ԸٶЭеĮ鶼ǰɾűһһáЭʲô͡Ǩ͡ݣֻΪ︹еĴõ׶
ŶϣȻΥʥּ˽޷Ϊ࣬һ೯ʮݽָָ㣬ŵȥݲ׺½ʲôɽͷЩ£ô죬Ȼʹ죬ô죬Ҳֻܱ۵ķҵˡ
ЦλȲȥǰ˵ģ֮ǰһˣѱ´ҵҲֻǿţѵܻȥŵ︹еС²
ЦǿСڣʮεԴһ䡰ĿƳԲ·С°ÿ졣
ܹҡҡͷһ߿Ϸ˻Ȼα̧ǺЦ֣ſţ̧ȥɡ
ĬĬ̧̧֣λȥˡ
ܹ°ڣģЦӯӯ½֧òӲϣüͷȻＫʹ졣
ܹܼ״æЦһ£˵£ղҵĹͨȥժ¥ˡ
һۣĿ纮Ƿ䣺ȥʲô
ժ¥߿ǣλƫƧָ䣬úҵȥ
ȥôܹǷǷ£⹬ҲֻܹˣҲȥժ¥ҲðȰ
ϲŭЦȰʲôڱ´úܣ¹ܲ
ϲĵ˵ĻʵǿðԹܹＸ־Цϲ¶ֻ֣ڵ˵Цˣٴı£ҲҪ̱£ر£ȥϲ˵ضˡ
Ӣ䣬ƽʲôܹѹȰңɮ濴棬ﻳС£ʵ࣬²ҲûȥС°
˻վߡ
ܹüЦæк֪ͨ˺ߣԼ׷Ͼ
ߵժ¥ԶԶͿ¥һƬ½ĹңŨ̴ӹð๬ڲԶ˽̣æ£¡
ܹܿĻʧɫǸջʹ
һ³µҪɱˣ첽߽ȥһھ޴¯ڵеԺ߰˸ʦΧŵԶСӵһȹѵŮӣһСɵǳɫƣա
첽ŭһ䡰ַʲô衱ûڣͿǿơ
һס
ŲŤͷһЦѽˡ

޾̫˽˽޾һһһǿƣߵԱߣͣĺ棺£һֱиɻɫģôСȸơأ
޾̣
°ˣôѰ빬С̾һֻҵ̫ƽǺúõĽĵı¶ϳƬ顭ӣڲȫʬ
޾̣
֪ĳС־۽ǣҭҵĽҵ̫ƽұޣڣˡ
ˣ͵شʲô
б¿һ㶼Ը
Ʋ죬ָЩʦ˵ҪҵĽѾȥݰЩӶջ˵⽣иģʹջҲԭ̫ƽ̫߰ҲѰĲϣǵһ½
öֱԱߵܹҲ˹ġ
﹫ȻȥӾˣҪ
ǳ׹仯ɵĲϣ޼᲻ݣΪϡֻе̵ڵɽԴ죬һιȻģռǵǿߵعռеſھҪѾ˵ǻڶʳǴӵѶ͡
˺һ˵Ҫ٣
ƮСڣǾҪжˡ
Ȼŭ
ַڶϡ
ͺ𣺡ף
ۿˡ


ܹæϰϣɲܿްĸѹСҲſް

С־Ҫ۽ǣж˿飬ֶ£ⲽͺˣңȥã
ܹΪѣ£ûʣ٣ʣɢڸй
ء
Ǿȥйãŭ죬ٿʲôҪ
ܹܱҪö٣Ӿͱ죬ˣȫɣҪǰѽƻô󶯸ɸսһͨ
ܹǷǷȥԸˣᣬʱС¡´á
˵
ŲƨεαסֱۣԴ򣺡Ǳ£ϸ첲ϸȣʲôأǵ̱£¿Ҫ۳檣檺ͱҪء

Ǿ仰ƨҲ˽꣬ǸϡﻩŸʼûƿ
˵ÿʲʲôӡ
ʣʡСԴھͷɫࣺ¡

һۣż⣬һ¡
һüΧ֪ٹʦɫŭ㻹֪֪ߡ
Ŷ֮ǰԼϧϽʱ򣬿ɲô˵ġ
飬ȴգ˵£
ĮƳһС˵־˵˵ҳԲ·źҪһסҵ
ʱ˵˵£Щ첻ˣҲˣסɣҲȥ˵δ빬ڻ೯ɲ޾̱ߥޣԣĴ¡
ֱۣժ¥סһ󣬺ò
Įܾ
һ¡
סƣСҧһġ
ɫ΢˱䣬
ЦУС˽һûһ»Ŀڡ
εڲ˵ˣӣһ
л˵
ǣǲǳˣo(RvQ)o

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½½й͹,һʮﲻССһţȴѾżʮ۵ĲƸ
֪޾̴ô,ϴǺãι,ٶ೭,ʲôö㵽ˡ
͵½,¯𲻹,ʼ޷ͣ˵ɽʢ,Խһ,Ž˻,ЩƸһԸϣûǮ,ǧҪõ̫ƽ
ֻ۱ֻۡ
ⲢƢ,ǰŬغÿ죬ȻǴֹ죬üддֳԳԶÿͷｻ棬ҲǺˣ޾̱ûϹҲûȥҹδ빬µЩҳÿժ¥羰ԳԲ,ֻżȥǿ߱չ
޾ȥǿߵʱ,档
ͳһྐྵ,߳ԣ̲סӳ򣺡̥Ҫð
룺̫ҽ˵Լꡣ
κǿʿħ˵ܺޱȼѵ¡
ѪǿĴԪ೤һӻѰ궼ûУǷˣ̫ҽһĶӣ˵Ҳûꡣ
ͳҲֻװ꣬㣬ѾˣĶҲڹʱ䣬ֻһ㡣
ۺ棺𣿡
̷ҡͷһܾҿɲң̫һҶ¡
ʧЦ
ҿ˿ƵĴһţҸҸš
ĹƤӵ˲֣Ͱ𿪡
һѰס֣ɴ۾ѹ㡢ôصط
ֻ
Ǹǽۣɸ֣˵Сİء
һЦҡҡͷǰУڲˡ
һסٿͳηû⣬ŷ⣬ţһǳ޷ģͼ֣˵һжƻУѾų£һˣڸصźܿ죬Ҳѹȥٽʹ졣
⻹һţǻʦֵģҲܼ򵥣Խ˶ݵĽչҲ˵ȥĶˣģڹúչԼī˼Сԥ˰죬վ̲סһ䡰εɰã
ţһ仰̾
ôˣɫ˲ţʲôˣ
ûС̾Ҿ룬صˣ̫ˡ
죬ʵ˵ȷʵá
ɣȻ˵ôȷ˽Ļ쵰øá
ЦЦͷֽ
أżҹµĽ̵ڳǵıذ³󣬾ΪȫµĵӦġݵġƵġ
⵱Ȼ̫뷨ƾʲôݲ棬ƾʲôϵĵͲƣƾʲôһ˰ֶ˳ţλߵɷأɸ˰Ůַ֣ȴȻᱻһսҶȥɢݹɢҰûһطܿһԼĹ
޾۰İάϵͳһ̫ƽҲˣΪǺӶ޽ɵظһȨһԸľӦöÿ߶ȣʦΨһĵӣʦ̵һʦһܸ۰ʦҲһζӲӻԽԼݵȨ
޾̶ð
һͨķˣһһһİգϣһݶľ£һԸΪİ.Ů㾡µ۰
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סεã
찡ɡתת̷ҩһǼ㣬ӣ֪լɣͱýą̃ʱײϣۣȻ군ˡ
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û⸱磬ԭ׼õ䳰ȷû˵ڣϡ̫߳ˣô
εõһۣ񿴿һԹֻĿڰʱ¶ָӡ
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һӰЦ̾Ϣ·ǼµĽǼµļޣ㱾Ǿļǿ⣬ںˣ㻳ĺӣҲᶯˣ޲ܰϵժ¸㡣
ģʲôˡεû֣̲߬סǿҵΪʲô³ɣʲôУҷѾĻԾҲòõһ롣
ƽĬε΢¶ݡ
죬˵ʲô־ûҪԼεòʲôֻԼԹ벻ʡ
ε˵껰ͷɫ
Ĭһ˵㣬·ҳ
⹬ా˼꣬밾õһǰ꣬밾ӵԼ˵Ȩɵ񣬶ûˡʣŰۿ⣬ڴ󣺡ʦ㣬ҳȥɡ

㲵εãͻȻ׵ǰڹǸʢҹҹɫɿգƻިվ̾˳УУͬˮͤ轣Ů
һأ꣬ʦǣȥݼţŸŶף̫ʦϿӺ¶΢ЦȸͷȻСĶŲ豭׼裬һĽ豭ﵹˮŰජŲ豭ˮһЦ
ǽͷİο˵£͸һˮžһġ
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ףǸĽ㣬ôͱڵģ
ͻʦʲôأ̫̲ͬסȥĻ䣬ܲԸϾĴ֪Ҳøһ㣬Ҳܲá
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εøӿʲôҲû˵뿪ˡ
ߣıӰ뿪ţһ֪ΪʲôȻʼᡣ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôޣޣίģۣͻȻرʦ뺮ʦ֣صСʱ򣬻ʲôûʲô֪ǿֵӡ
ްް֪˶ãоǰӰס
ɭ޵ǲʦͳ޼һˣ
϶ۣ涿˿۱סֱӡ

ʵֱۻסϸݵļ˿һһ¸󱳣ȴˡ
ʣͿޡ
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˶
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ǲǷˣ
ë޵βССӵץסһű꣬ëۣ۵þüһһüͷÿӬ
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116 
εõִﶫݵʱ,Ѿˡ
ĺ·ۣصļŵѾڴµǴ߽һƬ½լԺ,·߹һ鿳ʱȻԶԷ⡣
εȥ,ŷһƬңصĺ,߿Ľʯɳ,ܶӰ,Ȼ,ž޴ʽĲϡ
εһ,Ǽӣʲô
ò,һ㵭İС,һ·Ĵ,˿Żش𣺡ڽӴ⣬غ߹ͬϽһƬɽţ޽ɽĴ󡣡
ɽ
εţǱ߿
һ۾Ϳǲɽ
ÿŶжصɽ޽εµĴͽͽһСŽӰ˽̵ļʶԶЩСӿɱ,ɽͼֽ,̬
εһֱĻɸˡ
һľСԺ,ȵʱ򣬻
θߴ㲣ǳķ˪ƣȴԵü㡣
֪Ϊʲôεһ᣺ʦ֡
վһ۾Ϳұ߿յڣۿ첽ȥȥͱ߬ס֡
ʦ֡εʣֱֱۡۡ
౾кŵˮĻǲԾһ¡
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ûұۣһۣõ˵˼ƣݽȨУΪʧְʧ죬һѣϧ
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࿴˵ĸӡ
һ𳤴ʦã۰ãҲõĹΪᡢݡ¸ҡͣ׿εȣǰ֪ǣЩһĳͶȨٵļȿ
ħĵ޾̣ΪĴǴҪ٣ԸֶײϣҲֻǣؾأĵطݲȵ
࿴ᣬֲ֪ô˵
ĬһúϢѾ֪ͨܵܣߡ
ߣε͵ؿΪʲôҪңҲߣҾ
ܵܣȥĶȥӲĳ˵һ檣ϧ¶֮ʱ΢ʦ׿̤ɽһͲصӣѡɽţ˲ÿ̽ʱѾ㲻
εòſ
֪ضûôϣѾô࣬ʦ֣˽Ҳ֪ôܻ
ȻҪߣ
ʦ֣ѵҲҪˣε˲ӿ޵ʦ֣ʦ֣㿴ңʦð㲻ܲҪöôö
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εûѾһͻĴ̼üֻҪߣʹǺҪߡ
ǻడʦְ˶ܷΨôܲҪôܲҪ
ε˲
ǲǺ˵ʲôغУǲǺңңһҷųһңǲǹģΪʲôҲҲʦҲ׽ˣΪʲôң
ɫ䣬ԭһˮͷ˸ףʧؿ
㡭㡭ƿԣ֪˵ʲôеһֻĵ
ð죬ɳ˵ʦʲôҲû˵
˵ˣƣ
Ҳð˵ߣԴˣΪ֮
εҲ֪Լ˵ˣֿ뿪ҡͷ˺ѷεغʦ֣Ҵˣ֪ˣߡ
ߵűߣ˶ٽţûлͷ첽ˡ
ʦ֣ʦ֣
εֺޣֶ£޷˵ľŭ뱩壬ŤͷΧһɨأһž
Ϊʲôסʹޣôͱ
ڶ峿첻ε̾ˡ
εߣյԺűƿż俴
߰ɡε̵ֱ룬䵭˵ȥģߣȻֱȥĮױԷԴ
ĮεȴЦһʲôƧط񶼲ͣƾʲôҪȥ
ԹԵ˵Щ꣬Ϊı٣ΪְλĻ£ҵĻ볯ҵŮڳۺҿñ¶䣬Թֵܵݣ뷷һ鸻ĵķأ̣
εԽ˵ԽŭȼһһķŭѰһڷй͵վָεŭأҵĿľӪȫˣ㲻ܾѫЩҰħӽһ𣡶ȥĮֲٵĵطΪҲ֪Įıʲô⵨ĻˣЩҿΪڣЩҰ籩¶ˣΪŹ㣿Źǣ类ƤǱʬι˹ǿˣ
ε俴ϲŭ¶һּ飬Цһأ˵ЩʲôĹֺα뿪۶糾ͣТ˵ĵܵܣ
εɫ䣬ε̳ŪɫҰס
ôͱס겻ġ
Һܺã֪ܿԸҺãȥݣÿÿ˴ɱصؽнңҼ޸ҲЩ֣ѩǴɡȥѩѩȥֱ߳ڵС
ȥöáͷʣͺԼ۾ȢңΪʺҲΪһӣССӣǻɪٰüͷϡ
ţԽԽ̲ͣסԹޣǣ죬أһоͱˣ
ãôãҪڴҪ޾ǰε͵վ˻ߵŭ𣺡ǹģǹþҵһжˣİȥҿాİֻ꣬ˣֻˣҰĿ˲ȫˮ׾ֶ߱ҵһУĳ谮صĺӣϵȨȫˣȫûˣʲôûˣ
εͫ΢΢СĬԹ޵ģ
ÿЦ־һľĮ
εʲôˣ֡
Ǳδǰʮͣýɷ򡣡εЦѾˣİǰҲǱ˵ӣɷֽ
εɫٿȻס԰ס
硭촽£лһΣͷʣ硭áôҡ
侲εҲùʲô߰ɡ
תҪߣ䲻˵֪ڸʲô
εͣסŲ俴εһֱӵ¶ЦȻعᣬǴʦġʦֲЩ£ǳ޼ң޼˺޷ȻľΪ£Ϊڣⶫݲ׺Ūôơ
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ͬĸ̥ͬĽ㣬Ѫɲѡб̵ŮˣεǧֲãȴʮʮµĳǸ
εתû
ǣͷڴؽֻ·ͼܡ˵ʯ쾪ĻεٿȻСͫףʹ죬¶Ц飺ҪϢȥ𣿡
ѳֳ븴ܣΣεЦźӣ޾̵ĺӣ޾֪̾ɱܾץЦ޾һָҡ
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ȫȫβѾ御εȰ㣬ȻˣͲҪЩеûģʰϽߣ
ϻת뿪
εÿıӰȻ߬ס֣ѹֲסͷԹŭ뼤
Ĳ²ġ
صŸϸ׺Ȼ⣬븴ܣϧեܶõֶθܡ
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Ѿ˺ӣѾԸͷȫԽӱȾ£ȫزȡ˽ֶֽΡ
빬üܿͳг衢У֮γϡţͼܡһУôѸ١ôͰ˳£ϸ룬󶯸ɸ̣Ǹеĺӡ
ѵ׼ˣ֪ԼôһˣⱲӶһǿħĺӣ
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빬֮ǰ죬ֻ΢󣬸΢΢¡
εһ˵֪ĸʶǸ¶Ǽٵģĸĸһˣһ׵׵ķˡ
Ϻħˣĸ׸еʱʶ۸ܹĸĸһˣǵǸ˲ʹ˥ܵģһһ̥ҪեеԪǸ˼εͬģǰϦǿĸ׵Ķӣε̻
ͬǷ̥ĺħĺӣôʣ
ǡǡ
εúͣ˲䱬â
ǣУ

΢΢¶ع⡣
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˸Ƿһ۾ĿǸëĺ󱳡
һͷȻĺ꣬ͷʨ󣬵ɫѩףɫħƣ̬޳ǽϸϸխǸź΢ԴҲѾܴˣҲȻԵþִ٣ţβڴأͷ­תȱߡ
оůůģϸϸů紵ͷȥ޳ͷ­ȱߣĺӣ¡ĻȣıϢĳеİǸױ.Ҳ׽ḁ̊́
˵ʲôζþÿ
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ĶģëСǣɢһ£̲סȥ󳷣ʮ㿹ģҲûǱץ߰
ֺȻȥҧ

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Ųţо§ŵĺ꼡ԽԽӲһͷȥ֮ǰſԻȥǸľ壬תͷͫ俴ȥ
л˵


117 
,ʲôܸģ
룬ſȥ,Ķ˵ңҸ
üһ,־ؿһۡ
һ棺ĲҪ𣿡
ҪĮ˵ȥ
צӼԵֱûϵ,ֻ,ѵôǲỵ𣿡
Ťͷҧסĺ,ߺ󣬽šקԼ,̴Ӵ,Ť,¸ߣëʵֺɢһֵ,ë޴,ܵ󹷹Ŀ֣ͷȥݺһѣȻһһιĳë
ŤͷΣװ޶ëͣһһβɿë㱧ס鲻Ըβ͡
һСβ͡
ԭβ,һβͺһ,ֻʣİβˡ
β,ѽ׼ʺĵǡ
ͣסŤͷ
ͷƫ䵭˵ǣֻ󡣡
֪ص£һð̣ѾνЩ֣ٴ̼.д񾭰㡣
ҡͷ˵˰ɣ̫鷳ˣͦõġ
޾ڿûпκλϲɣɫ˲ѿ˵ⲻΪ㣬Ϊ˺ӣҵãû֡
һ֪ˣϽһȦɵĳëｿù֣춼ǺӣֻͲϲҡ
񾭲һ졣
ҾͲͲһ׹ã䱾ӣ㻹ңȻңֻһģҪк϶ˣҺѹϣҵĿʹ

ȥץ䣺ô˵ǲû˵ˣˣ
ˣˡ𽥲ͣҺ
ҾͺͲ޹ϣ˵˭˵˵
졣ӵ÷ʤצסԴҰ˱죡
һ˲䰲
Ŷ˵Ŷ
ȫӲͷðһۣſȥ˵ʵ㣬Ͱͷ
ЩȥסĴԴ˻ʱȴȻС˵֪Һá
ʵ֪˵źӺӣΪĺӣض۰
Ҳ֪ÿɱģÿһΣŭʱֻҪԸ΢һͷ˵һҲԶôġ
֪Ϊʲôô
أİвտţǵĸ顣
ź޲ɱεʦ㡢ɱŮˣֶεΪԴסɱҲøŮˣԸһͱ.ԸɱԸͬھҲԸء
ǸƫпķӣҲйĲãΪ֪İ
Զ¶ĸҰٱԶİЪ˹ɾҩеЩ飬ȫˡ
Ѿ÷òУҪβͰڴͷССһ
˶٣ƫͷʪ۾һͷССޣרע
š䵭˵㻹û˵ס
Դ
ʯĳҲὥƫͷĺ˲գ죬ϢỺ
ܾûƽͣԸ˵
ӣϳĥѡ
ٰ˵ҵĸšǰʸٻΪܣһԵĮǵĺӣñˣӦ׵ĳиĸ۰̵һǣǳԹĿࡣ
֪Ϊʲôһર
Ậˮ˵ûӣҴδһףҺܸл㣬лңϡ
˵ˡʣ˵ˡ
ȥ֣۾ҭҭſסƣסһ䱦غţЦ⣬͵˵Ը̵ϣ㣬ǸŮǵСٺòˡ
ʲôҲ˵Ťͷܵëˮʪʪ
Բ𣬶Բ𰡡
һʡ
һ̣ͻȻǰδеӣҪľͺˡ
Ҫǽһӣöð

ݱĳﱸš
Ǿһºܾ谮ᣬݷ׷׿ӱ޹ϵȵ챦˰롢´⣬ջϲأҼһԷҹеƻͨͬ졣
񲿵õ⣬ﱸεĹԶƣ̼һڱͷ԰ĳ˼Ѫֿʼǰͺɺۡ
δ빬ƫۣһˣѾ¶˵ٹ˶þܴ̥ˣò֪ôǺãѾײϳҵﵱ걧ʱʱȥժ¥ͷ羰ӣڳʲôھһҲգһƤֻ᲻ᱻ˯þ
Ϊĸ˳½ӹµȨȨƲڳ޷Ǹ࣬ÿ˵ʮң
ҶڵӺ⡣
ȻҪάңĵλЧҵñסСµĴȣܹĥȥһݶһ޶䣬Сµ׸С񣬵ʱһͷ±ضˡ
ܹĥţͼһڼҴܵߣߵˣ˾ͽ
˾ͽ
ܹܾ棬곤޼ʧԴѹ޼ң޷𸴳ΪҲǰûݺһͨңſɢ˴룬ƽձľӽУһʵ̬ó޷ҷŹ
ǳ˼ԼҪǸ޼֪첻þ
ܹ룬Ҳ棬ڰ֣ɡ
˻˲ٵν󻹸һɫӰ
ܹǺһۣϣЦǺǵ˾ͽʲô°˸
˾ͽǸˣǲԸϵ˽֮£Ѿ޷ǹӱƵֻд²ߣ뽫޼Ϊ޼ұɽºһ򾡣նݳתĿܡ
ǱСעһһѾû·ˡ
ˣϳһˡ˾ģҲϻֱÿ·ڶǰƿ¶һ㲶ݡ
ܹסε
ٿȻתĳƺһεɫ԰ף񰵵ǿһͷ᣺ңδ˰á
ܹһˣλε֮ǰھԼܻ
ǰܹҲλεܳµģǷйһ󣬵˭뵽ôЩ꣬εԽԽãվﻹٷˣٷ˻ַܹܱһֱεеɻ䣬빬ﻹɿȻԸ
ūãлε
εôˣܹ̲סô򣺡ǻʺģеӣֻУ²ˣһȣɲþô׽ʵڲӡ
кʺ
İȥūeþʵУתתǳΪ˻ʺýƸĸ¡
εý֣߬ɫ԰ף۾ȴĹ⣬һڱصõĳĺ⡣
ء
˽գܼʺ
ˣһһҪ£¡ε¶һŹֵЦݣһԸңΪǹڻʺ︹еġ̥
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118 
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еĻֶ̿Ѿ޹ؽҪ,ֵŮӰʹס,Сһǰ澲ϵľ,ͷ,θûڽ
ͣ,ηקһŨѪζ,ɫ԰ݵòŮĵҡ
εѾȥڶ,ֻŵ,޷䣬԰׵ӽ飬û˺,ٿȥû˺,¶˫ָ߰ѪڵϣسǱУֺĲİ
촽ͷֱ˵׸ľ¿ˣܹ̣ҵĹ,Ը𡣡
û˵
,ߴûɭӰ,ֻп°ڴ䣬Ǻص񽥽ȥǣġģӳ⡣
ε·һħ񡢲Խ顣
ЧҹѪɲ󣬿˭ҲȲ߸ĵĵĮȨƶ侲ƣִӺء
˭ҲȲΪѡˣһ׮ǰϺǺⱾԶϵ
εۿˮһּһֿܼʹС
ŮˣΪ񶨵Ļʺ죬¡
ϥйȥʵƭ¡
ƭٴΣ£һһΣƭεÿ޵ΰľôܱŪڹƣ££ѹɣҪٱŪˣҪһ˺ˡ
һԲʼմ۳Ĭûκαݣһ̵ʯ
εϥеԣûεϲ֪֪վǲһģֻҪûкͬġ
еĵʹࡢίһ̶ϲã·תྡ̲סˮϵصͷֱ¡¡
һֱǵãݵӡǻУʣʱ⽣ӰǱѪɲţÿһҹд̿ɱˣҲÿ࣬ߣ֪飬еԵĿ֡
Ұ¡޵أԶһûԹĿ࣬ûûͼﱻ˼̤ζԶᶮǣֻгܶܶĿʹ뱯£Ǳĺӣֻкܣµڶˣ̫Ҳ̫ˣ治ȵģ£Ϊˣ˺ˣ˺ˣ
޵δδ£ȲеߣԴѸռݵģ˵ʲô˵ѾȥվڴӰ
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ۿŵվһͻȻת뿪ǷӰĮ޸顣
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꣬޶ëëΪһͷڴϵƤëʵǼӲ֣ÿһܵұıϻ˵ĺáѧͨɹֻҪԸ⣬Ҳǿǿġ
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ʶ̧ͷһ˫׵
ʹĿ԰޼ʵգ񲻿ɴ
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ͷ߬оһۣ˶ңۡ
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˵㻳ӣࡣ
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֪Ϊʲôоʳһ⡣
ҽղ֪ǻһ̥եȡĸ׵Ԫĸ׻ᱻͬΪǰȥ׶Ҫĸ׵ĶǸܻҽղ֪ҽգ֪
ҺܰӣԸҵһ۰һһеԸֵĺӡŰ۾һһ䣺ǣ

ڷԼô˻ƣҡͷǣǡ
ͻȻ˵գұʬʬûԪӤ
ԼĪûʹ㣬ԪӤȥ˶٣᣺ǿӲģ飿
ɫ԰ף׵ѩ
֣޳ġס

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סĸָۣһӥצ̬һ̣ͻٿĶӣСץ
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Բ𣬶Բ𡣡
ٱġʵĿ
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ڲƭˡ
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ƭҡ˵ƭҡ
ضÿһ֣ѵӷθáǵĺӣƭҡ
۾һҲ˵
Լ̡ᡢ񶾵ˡ
Բ𡣡ֻһ԰ɳ˵Բ𡣡
Բ
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ƭ
ƭ
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ָѪڳϡ
һαҺ壬ɺۿ
ҲǺģѪ
ǵĵƣҲµԡ
˻˵һ죬յƣû䣬ˡ
ǵĳƣĻԼڴһգģҷ𡣡˵ǵΣڣǵĺӣҡ
˫Ŀ͸۾ģ˵㾿ҵʲôǲǾã޾޴ԶŪڹơ
ǣ촽Ҳ˵Ҵûô
ҴСϲˣҲҵ꣬Ҳеʱ͸顣̲ס˵ﻰҿԲôһԸ˺һԸֵ𡢲ͷ𣿡
Ҷףôͽʣ֪ҡ֪εʦ㲻һ˵Ҷ֪ҲԸȫ㣬మһҲԸ˺ѿ³أҵʱõľôҲû뵽ӡ
ͫҵز
ʲôԸ˵Ҳ˵ʣҴӱ˺㣬ţȫϲһҲ뿴ħ뿴һһն黯ģ̫ƽһúõˣҽΪԵ£Ӧȥ£Ұ㣬޽ɵذһˣҲܲڱ˵ʬϰȻȾѪİ
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ָָιյ顣
㿴ôɣңҡǿ飬ָǸɺԣЦЦЦݲпڰߣ˵ԣİˮһֵκΡ
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֪׵ġ
Ҳף֮ԱǣԸı䡣
̫ˣֻԼĵ°ŶԷҲܸı䡣
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ٿȻսñ𲱾ʹٿȻϮۡ
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ҪɱɱɣƭһΣ
͵ץסŮûж㣬ûжȫȻֻֿͷһͷȴ¹۾ᣬˮգֱһһţôȡ
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ĮȻûһ˿
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˻ƵسЦ㲻ϡǧٿ׵㲻ϡŰıð㿴ʲôıʲôĩʲôһѪϡ
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ݿܶŤѹ߸ĮЩӴĹ޴ľβժ¥ϿȸβЩħǹ˳ڵأ죬ڷʧǿ̣һХȷڱΰգȦһȥ
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ε̱ŵԼ,ʲô취,˭ֹһΪΨһ˸ķꡣ
ʶʮڵ۶ɽǰӭ,죬ѪɺӣﱸѵĽħ,ʱ,ε̻ߣӴڱ˰գſѪҪ½ҧϣͱֲѹѹصףﺣХɳˡ
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ڵ۶ǰⳡҡ
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ҵͷǱȥӣۿţͽҪʱ͵Ʒӣһѽ
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ûбܲµˣo(RvQ)o



122 
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һƬޱȹĺ߾ǵ޴ʯ,ĺɳк,̵ĺ淺ϼ,һֲ˼֮
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ڷƨ
һں棬ؿŵȥվڵߣݣݲ԰װһֱûô˵
߷,ϻȹ,Ѿ㹻ʵ,Уƺˡ
üʱǵؿ̫ˣ֪Щڹھܹʲô
ʱһ£⿪ϵĴ멣ŮϣصĴ며һӣסͷһǿƶ谮̬ӵڻ
˵ʵⲻһöԾصķʺ̬ȣҪ˵ֻǵѰ檣Լûỹվ˵ǺʦԼԼ̥ƭⳡѣֱӻ΢΢ţȴȻȻվӵڻ
뵽ͻȻ˵ǺζΧļŶ¶ɿɫ֪˶еϣʦжʵµĺʦжྴη־̫ħѪĵ
۶꣬׶˰ĵԼǿ£ڵɽأ׺ﶼһң񣬿Ȼ䰮ʦãλڸЩ.˿Ķ衣
ܹ͢ʱԱЦ£Ҫˣƣǲȥˣ
֪Լ˵ˣǰȭ롣
ҲǲʶôΪӭӾﱸһʢϯݼݸĹԱܴѫ󶼴ҴҸ׺ذ类µĹԱ˵ѣҹĻ£糤ӳй԰֦ѫӯã˿ϸ裬ƺȡ
Ϊ֮ףӦ÷оܶݲ׺µģƨĵʵûжݴʷãݴʷ˼רҵģƨǽһ಻ĵû˵ɰͰľͷ౻Ķݴʷ仰ͷͺʶĬĬˡ
ݴʷĲ˾ȡþԲ׺״˵һŮĸ裬²棬ߺȾƱµؿһ˵ȥ¡
΢΢ƫͷЦЦƳһۣһ֡
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123 
ҹ,Ϩ䣬ˮһɳ̲»,׵š
Ь࣬Ųɳ̲,ȹ̫,һ̫鷳,ɴŰŰͰ,Ȼ񱴿ǡ
Ϻˮ˳ܵСϺںߵɳ,бɺƬͺһЩɫʯ,ɳ,¹·Ĺʡ
ı𣬼һڻ,ܻ޾ߡ
һͷӴĺſںʽʯ,ںļβ䣬紵ɺܵƤëʨëӭŷķ˰ԵĻߡ
᫵ʯͷʯϣħӴСޣҲֻŲ׺Ŀ⵭Į,֪ʲô
Ĵ,Ƥûһ,Ÿ첲ŬϺëڿڳһСӣѻıʯŽȥȻ֣ץסһëͿʼ

ϣһֻСڹ꣬ǰԴߡ
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һ󱴿Ǹ͸㡣
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֪ʲôʱϲ㡣ԹԵ˵ʵͷҵһ㣬ҲҼϯվ¹ңҲ콨ǽϡҷŻơ
ϲ㣬һݷʦȻǰˣȥ׷㣬·ұָգ꣬ͻȻˣȥ׷㣬Ŵû˵仰ͻȻ³Ҫߡ
ʱҾ룬֣ôЩ󲡡˵㱳ңŽǰߣļͷһϸ꣬磬Ƭֻˣһ̣ͻȻررȡ
Ҹ˵ҵͯ꣬Ҳ˵Сʱҿ޵ʱҷңң˵ұ̹д֡١ܹ֣֮˵ұˣΪһֵòĶ˵˵ţϵЦԽԽ󣬿۾ȴʪ
ͻȻʣ˵˵ұޣߵĻţҲ᲻á
һ̣ϲ㡣޳޾̣ʵӲһгϢˣҾƼҲ뾭ڶΣֱ壬ҾһֱˣʦҴҾŬһôҶҸˣҽ߾ȥҵġҵΣʱʱ̿ҹҹҹʦҪʵǼңǼǰߣת˽Ļ
ġģܺʧȥỬգŴ׹ܵƤëʦ뺮ʦ֡ţҪ̫ƽϣԼԶʧȥϣʶԶڣúõţ֪һмңֻʣһˡ
޾û˵
ſŰĶ䣬Ķ켷һȡůСޣ޾̣޾̣߰ɣʦǾߣȥҸ羰õ鴨ɽȥҼլȥ˽磬Ҵȥҵļ磬ﶼȥһ껻һطסס
޾Ƴһۣݺ侲ʲôŭ˵ħҳ׷ˣ㲻ɱ𡣡
浽ǸʱҾʹȥħˡɿҭҭ˵һûȥħ磬˵ң춼ڣħͷǶɱˣҴȥǱߣҸ˨Ӵȥ㷢ȥǱ߷裬ǬؾС

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˼£ץӵʱβͰƽ̹Ľʯϣѹȥ
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ץӽס֣סĺǡ
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˯ŵһ̣·˵һҰ㡣
л˵
С֣еŰıԲֱӿŵĺǣǸģo(RvQ)o



124 
׺޽Ĵβ׶Ρ
޾ħԽԽ,ʼ
һͨڵĳصһ֮شǧܽӴѹö,ӣİǰħһοʦ,ʦ,Ѫɲͬھ
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ȥĶ޾˵б޵µĴͷһӶϴˡ
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ħĴ̫ˣҪˣŻ
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˩Ҳ˩ϣżڻ谵Ĵ԰ݵĳȽܵĻ̺ֻ¶.رĲ죬ſͷ·𿴼һֻ谵ĩ㼾á
˨ֽŲβ͸Ҳʼ˨
ڰβʹʱ򣬲׺޽ϡ
һޱȻֺĴӹƬɳʯԻزɽ˰ɽȡ죬˵ѪɽĲͶ޵׶
ڹۺͤ߶϶ɹɣûˣ϶ɹɡ
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һƤҡ
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